bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High prevalence of sarcopenia in Asian female patients awaiting primary total knee arthroplasty: Application of updated diagnostic tools from the Asian working group for sarcopenia
Authors: Park Dojoon , Park Chan Jin , Jung Min-Gee , Choi Youn Ho , Park Kwang-Sun , Koh Hae Seok
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Sarcopenia, a loss of muscle mass and strength with aging, is associated with various TKA-related complications. In 2020, the AWGS published an undated guideline (AWGS 2019) based on studies from East and Southeast Asia. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in Asian female patients awaiting primary total knee arthroplasty due to advanced knee osteoarthritis using the updated AWGS criteria.

Materials and Methods

The present study included 138 female patients who scheduled for primary TKA with severe osteoarthritis. The included patients were assessed with use of an AWGS 2019 diagnostic criteria based on muscle strength, physical performance, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass. Clinical parameters related to sarcopenia were collected and knee status assessed using the Knee Society scoring system. To better define the association with age, patients were stratified into following four groups: <60, 60–69, 70–79, ≥80. The prevalence of sarcopenia was identified, and the association between sarcopenia and clinical variables was analyzed.

Results

The prevalence of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia in this cohort according to the updated AWGS criteria was 35.5% and 21.7%. Prevalence of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia significantly increased with advancing age ( p = .003, p = .040, respectively). Although not statistically significant, the proportion of severe sarcopenia among sarcopenia also increased with age. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that lower BMI and lower 25-OH-vitamin D3 level were independent risk factors associated with sarcopenia in women awaiting TKA.

Conclusions

In conclusion, our study confirmed that sarcopenia is more prominent amongst female patients awaiting primary TKA than the general population. Therefore, orthopedic surgeons should consider sarcopenia prevention and intervention in this group. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect of TKA on sarcopenia, and the difference of TKA outcomes between groups with or without underlying sarcopenia.
The right to social assistance for economically inactive migrating Union citizens: The Court disregards the principle of proportionality and lets the Charter appease the consequences
Authors: Verschueren Herwig
Published: August 2022

In a new case on the right to social assistance for inactive migrating Union citizens, the CJEU delivered a judgment in which it confirmed its restrictive interpretation of the relevant primary and secondary Union law. At the same time, however, it invoked the EU Charter to appease the consequences of that. This case note critically analyses the Court’s restrictive application of the principle of non-discrimination of Article 18 TFEU and Article 24 Directive 2004/38/EC. It also comments on the Court’s implicit refusal to apply the principle of non-discrimination of Article 18 TFEU to a migrating Union citizen who has acquired a right of residence in the host country solely on the basis of the national law of that Member State. Further, it examines the role ascribed by the Court in this case to the Charter. The conclusion is that this judgment risks jeopardizing a number of fundamental basic principles of Union law while leaving a number of questions open.
Linking Social Work Licensing Exam Content to Educational Competencies: Poor Reliability Challenges the Path to Licensure
Authors: Apgar Dawn , Luquet Wade
Published: August 2022

Purpose: There has been increasing interest in the academy to assist social work graduates to become licensed which is likely to grow as the Council of Social Work Education (CSWE) cites licensure pass rates as a post-graduation outcome required for accreditation by newly adopted standards. This study determines the ability of academics to reliably link Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities statements that are the bases of licensure tests with the CSWE competencies in the Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards (EPAS). Methods: Four full-time faculty members at two institutions conducted an interrater reliability analysis on practice tests to determine the extent to which licensure questions could be consistently linked to EPAS competencies. Results: Study findings indicate weak reliability between social work licensure examination questions and CSWE EPAS competencies. Conclusion: Lack of consistency threatens the path to licensure and may explain why graduates of accredited programs lack the requisite knowledge to become licensed.
Decision to Withdraw Life- Sustaining Treatments: The Experience of Thai Family Caregivers
Authors: Nilmanat Kittikorn , Sae-chit Kalaya , Thammachote Pruksaporn
Published: August 2022

End-of-life decision-making is a complex process and more challenging when decisions are made for others. Little is known about Thai family members’ involvement in decision-making to withdraw life-sustaining treatments (LSTs) from loved ones with serious illnesses. This qualitative study explores the experiences of family caregivers in Southern Thailand regarding decisions related to LST withdrawal. In-depth interviews were used to gather data from fifteen primary caregivers, who were involved in LST withdrawal decision-making. Content analysis was applied, and several techniques, such as member-checking and peer debriefing, were used to enhance trustworthiness. Four main themes were identified: facing dilemmas, weighing up options, making a consensual decision, and accepting the reality of life. The findings pointed out the significant roles played by family meetings and early end-of-life discussion in the process of decision-making to withdraw LSTs from loved ones. Further research on communication among patients’ family members and health care providers is recommended.
Incarceration Risk Among Girls With Behavior Disorders: An International Perspective
Authors: Ochoa Theresa A. , Alharbi Norah H. , Monteiro Mirella C. B. , Montero Meizel H.
Published: August 2022

It is speculated that undiagnosed emotional and behavioral disorders are a contributing factor to the increasing number of incarcerated girls globally. Untreated, these disorders often lead to more severe maladaptive behaviors and contact with law enforcement. This article provides information available in Brazil, Costa Rica, Saudi Arabia, and the United States about incarcerated girls. Existing education laws are examined for purposes of establishing what special education provisions exist in each country that may be used to identify girls whose maladaptive behavior might benefit from early school-based interventions for their misconduct.
Internalizing Disabilities Among Incarcerated Girls From Mexico and the United States
Authors: Pérez-Ramírez Berenice , Maki-Weller Nicole , Ochoa Theresa A.
Published: August 2022

This article examines the relationship between internalizing dimensions of emotional and behavioral disorders such as depression and anxiety with unresolved trauma and abuse among incarcerated girls in Mexico and the United States. The goal is to arrive at a better understanding of (a) how mental health conditions may contribute to deviant behavior, (b) how girls with disabilities may be disproportionately punished because of their gender and disability status, and (c) the limited capabilities of personnel in correctional facilities to diagnose disabilities in incarcerated girls or identify girls who have not been diagnosed. The results, supported by the chivalry hypothesis, demonstrate the need for a gender-informed response to dealing with girls’ deviant behaviors, as well as trauma-informed practices to address mental health disabilities and victimization among delinquent girls in both the United States and Mexico.
Archival Data Sets Should not be a Secondary (or Even Last) Choice in Micro-Organizational Research
Authors: Kessler Stacey R. , Shoss Mindy K.
Published: August 2022

Despite ample access to large, archival datasets, the micro-organizational sciences field seem to consistently cast these datasets aside in favor of primary datasets collected by independent researchers. In the current GoMusing, we argue that these archival datasets should not be a secondary (or even last) choice for the micro-organizational sciences. In fact, large archival datasets can enable researchers to (a) investigate phenomena of interest across generalizable samples, (b) incorporate multiple levels of context into research, and (c) take advantage of several additional methodological benefits. In the hopes of spurring a paradigm shift in the micro-organizational sciences, we begin our article by discussing problems with the standard approach to data collection (i.e., independent researchers collecting their own datasets). We then discuss how archival datasets can remedy many of these issues and advance the range of research questions the field is able to answerer. We conclude by providing a step-by-step process for incorporating these archival datasets into our literature and provide insights into addressing common challenges. We hope this GoMusing will serve as a call to action for researchers and editorial teams alike to move our research forward though a greater usage of large archival datasets.
Anti-Xa Directed Thromboprophylaxis in Critically Ill Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Mohamed Adham , Shemanski Shelby M , Saad Mohamed O , Ploetz Jeannette , Haines Michelle M , Schlachter Andrew B , Hamarshi Majdi S
Published: August 2022

Objective: To compare Anti-Xa directed thromboprophylaxis using low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) (anti-Xa peak goal 0.2-0.5 IU/mL) to alternative anticoagulation strategies in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Methods: This was a retrospective, multicenter, single health-system study. Primary outcomes were thromboembolic events and clinically important bleeding events. Secondary outcomes included dosing comparisons between LMWH cohorts. Main Results: A total of 695 patients were included. No differences were found in the incidence of thrombotic events with any of the dosing strategies. The incidence of major bleeding was significantly higher in the standard dose thromboprophylaxis, intermediate dose subcutaneous heparin (SQH), and therapeutic anticoagulation cohorts. Forty-nine percent of patients within the anti-Xa directed group had their first anti-Xa peak at goal, while 43% were above goal. Patients who had levels above goal had dose modifications made, therefore anti-Xa directed LMWH resulted in significantly lower total daily doses compared to intermediate dose LMWH. Conclusions: Anti-Xa directed LMWH dosing provided comparable thromboprophylaxis with lower total daily doses of LMWH in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm our findings.
A new model for non-linear vibration of functionally graded porous nano-Beam based on non-local curvature and strain gradient tensors
Authors: Hosseini Seyyed Amirhsoein , Hamidi Babak Alizadeh , Behrouzinia Amirhosein
Published: August 2022

In this paper, non-linear free vibration analysis of nano-beam has been studied. The non-local strain gradient theory and curvature tensor are used to show the size effect. The length scale parameter expresses the effect of strain gradient tensor in the non-local strain gradient theory. However, the aim of this article is to show the simultaneous effect of curvature and strain gradient tensors in non-linear vibration of functionally graded porous nano-beams. The effect of curvature tensor is demonstrated with the curvature tensor dependent parameter. Considering non-linear Von Kármán strains and Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, the governing vibrational equation of FG porous nano-beams are derived using Hamilton’s principle in the presence of strain gradient and curvature tensors simultaneously. The non-linear differential equation is extracted by using Galerkin’s method and the non-linear natural frequency of nano-beam is obtained according to Hamiltonian approach. Results represent the simultaneous effects of the length scale and curvature tensor dependent parameters on dimensionless non-linear natural frequencies. Also effects of different parameters such as non-local parameter, length scale parameter, porosity volume index, and power-law index are discussed in the presence and absence of the curvature tensor dependent parameter. Also, the beginning points of stiffness-hardening and stiffness-softening of nano-beam are always constant values in the non-local strain gradient theory, whereas considering the curvature tensor changes the beginning points of stiffness-hardening and stiffness-softening. The results are also compared with previous researches for validation.
How PMHNP Program Directors Facilitate Psychotherapeutic Skill Acquisition
Authors: Wesemann Daniel , Convoy Sean , Goldstein Dawn , Melino Kate
Published: August 2022

Background:

The use of psychotherapy has a long history within psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) practice. Underutilization of psychotherapy in practice has potentially led to a reduced emphasis in the PMHNP curriculum. To date, no national survey has solely evaluated how PMHNP programs ensure psychotherapy skill acquisition.

Aims:

Survey the PMHNP programs within the United States on how psychotherapy skill acquisition is achieved, including (a) psychotherapeutic curricular content; (b) psychotherapy related clinical practicum hours, including simulation and preceptor-delivered hours; and (c) student interest in psychotherapy skills.

Method:

Three rounds of e-mail invitations were sent to all PMHNP programs within the United States. Descriptive statistics and reflective thematic analysis were used to examine survey content.

Results:

There were 39 (27%) respondents, representing the U.S. regions equally. The most common forms of psychotherapy taught were cognitive–behavioral and motivational interviewing. The content was most often delivered through a hybrid program (65.8%). Psychotherapy clinical hours most often used in psychology and social work were varied (0–720, SD 132.9) and were usually (63.89%) separate from other clinical hours. Qualitative responses focused on increased emphasis on the use of psychotherapy within PMHNP programs and the need to develop competency checklists for psychotherapy skill acquisition to use with simulation.

Conclusion:

This survey reported on both similarities and differences in how PMHNP programs ensure student competency in the skill acquisition of psychotherapy. While this article focuses on what skills are needed in psychotherapy education, direction on how programs deliver this content to their students to ensure this skill will be retained in practice is a critical next step.
The Impact of Internalizing Symptoms on Impairment for Children With ADHD: A Strength-Based Perspective
Authors: Bethune Sarah C. , Rogers Maria A. , Smith David , Whitley Jess , Hone Michael , McBrearty Natasha
Published: August 2022

Background/Purpose:

This study aims to investigate the influence of internalizing symptoms on functional impairment for children with ADHD, and whether child strengths and parenting strengths have moderating effects on this relationship.

Methods:

Participants included 209 children with ADHD and their caregivers seeking mental health services between the ages of 5 and 11 years. To examine the moderating effects of parenting and child strengths, ordinary least squares regression models were tested using the PROCESS macro for SPSS (v3.5).

Results:

Results suggest that levels of internalizing symptoms influence functional impairment in children with ADHD. Child strengths moderate the relationship between internalizing symptoms and functional impairment when internalizing symptoms are medium to high.

Conclusion:

Findings from this study demonstrate that facilitating child strengths can help moderate functional impairment for children who experience ADHD and internalizing symptoms.
Breaking Wagner's Law: Which Countries Have the Most Limited Government?
Authors: Murphy Ryan H.
Published: August 2022

Which countries have the world's smallest and the world's largest governments? One-fifth of the Economic Freedom of the World index is a subindex scoring the size of government for countries across the world. This subindex is inclusive of the three dimensions of government spending, the top marginal tax rate, and the government ownership of the economy. Measured in this manner, the “smallest” governments are, generally, weak or fragile states. This paper recognizes Wagner's law, the empirical regularity that wealthier countries tend to spend more as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP). It then performs a novel adjustment to the size of government data to account for Wagner's law, re-scores and re-ranks the countries, and explores the results.
The Distributive Impact of the Luxembourg Tax-Benefit System: A More Comprehensive Measurement
Authors: Vergnat Vincent , D’Ambrosio Conchita , Liégeois Philippe
Published: August 2022

This article studies the distribution of income in Luxembourg by integrating two aspects that have been previously neglected: indirect taxation and in-kind transfers. The integration of the latter is essential in Luxembourg, the country with the highest public expenditure per capita in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). These issues have been understudied because of some methodological challenges, including the lack of data containing all the necessary information for this type of analysis. However, with the EUROMOD microsimulation model, different data sources, and imputation methods, we are able to obtain a more complete view of the income distribution in Luxembourg. We find that, as in many developed countries, indirect taxes are regressive. On the other hand, in-kind transfers play an important role in reducing income inequality, in particular through education and health services.
In Silico Prediction of the Bioactive Profile and Metabolites of Satureja nepeta in Diseases Related to the Excessive Production of Interleukin-6
Authors: Ezaouine Adbelkarim , Salam Mohamed Rida , Nouadi Badreddine , Anachad Oumaima , Messal Mariame El , Chegdani Fatima , Bennis Faïza
Published: August 2022

Inflammatory bowel diseases are caused by an abnormal reaction of the immune system, which becomes hyperactive because the mechanisms responsible for regulating it get out of control. For an effective immune response, many proinflammatory cytokines are secreted, particularly interleukin-6 (IL-6) keystone cytokine inflammation. Many synthetic and natural compounds targeting IL-6 have been studied. The genus Satureja of the Lamiaceae family is generally known for its many virtues, in particular anti-inflammatory properties. However, the mechanism of action is unclear. This study aims to predict the impact of characterized bioactive molecules of Moroccan Satureja nepeta in the potential control of inflammatory response mediated by IL-6 cytokine. A list of 9 previously characterized natural compounds of S. nepeta was compiled, and a list of 6 potential protein targets involved in intestinal inflammation was made. The 2 lists of natural compound-target proteins were analyzed by the STITCH software ( http://stitch.embl.de/ ) to develop protein-compound and protein-protein interaction networks (PPINs). An ontological enrichment (GO) analysis was performed by the Clue GO plugin to evaluate the PPIN generated by STITCH; finally, the molecular docking to predict the mode underlying the anti-inflammatory effects. STITCH results revealed direct and indirect interactions of S. nepeta chemical compounds with a key protein target IL-6. The array results by ClueGO showed that most compounds involved in the regulation of several biological processes related to IL-6 such as inflammation apoptosis, cell differentiation, and metabolic regulation. The targets directly related to IL-6 have been used for molecular docking. Quercetin, catechin, and gallic acid have a strong affinity with the IL-6 receptor (respectively −7.1; −6.1; −5.3). This study strongly suggests that the bioactive compounds of S. nepeta could constitute a new therapeutic alternative in the treatment of diseases related to IL-6. However, to validate the results obtained in this work, it is necessary to explore the mechanism of action of potential bioactive molecules by experimentation.
O3 and Drought Effects on Steady State Conductance and Kinetics in Pima Cotton
Authors: Grantz David A , Paudel Rama , Grulke Nancy E
Published: August 2022

The degree to which ozone (O3) exposure and drought affect stomatal control of water loss and respond to environmental stimuli such as varying light is poorly characterized. To that end, we exposed Pima cotton to chronic O3 exposure (month-long daytime exposures) with and without sufficient water, as well as short term acute O3 exposure and varying light levels to understand stomatal kinetics. Chronic, month-long exposure to moderately high O3 (~114 ppb) reduced daytime steady state stomatal conductance (gs), as did water deficit. Both stomatal opening and closing displayed dose specific, “sluggish” responses to step-changes in illumination with acute, 1-day, O3 exposures of 0, 50, 100, and 125 ppb. At higher concentration (150 ppb), stomatal control of both opening and closing was degraded. Altered steady state and dynamic stomatal function suggest that elevated ambient O3, expected to increase in the future, may increasingly influence field water management and appropriate crop choices.
Philanthropy and the sustaining of global elite university domination
Authors: Harvey Charles , Gibson Alison , Maclean Mairi , Mueller Frank
Published: August 2022

How is it that global elite universities operating in a hyper-competitive world replete with aspirational challengers maintain positions of dominance within the field of higher education decade after decade? Taking a Bourdieusian approach, we argue that the highest-ranking universities strategically leverage pronounced philanthropic advantages to differentiate themselves from would-be challengers. Philanthropy is a critical differentiator because it enables elite universities to sustain privileges that attract highly qualified students, faculty and powerful supporters, who in turn boost their competitive positions through acquisition of valuable cultural, social and symbolic resources. Elite universities co-create with stakeholders strong bonds of identification, honing the disposition to give back philanthropically and complete the socially reproductive cycle of elite domination. At a time of increasing concern about social inequalities, our contribution is to uncover how higher education philanthropy – an essentially conservative force – operates to entrench privilege and magnify social differences while purporting to do the opposite.
Modeling of an underwater drilling platform for very near shore applications
Authors: Pugi Luca , Cocci Marco , Frillici Francesco Saverio , Berzi Lorenzo , Mariottoni Enrico , Sacchetto Massimo
Published: August 2022

The development of the blue economy involves the construction of marine infrastructures (harbors, marine wind farms, underwater data centers, etc.). All these activities require a geological investigation of the sea bottom. For nearshore and very near-shore applications the most common solution is represented by the adoption of fixed jack-up platforms; however, transportation and deployment of this kind of infrastructure are quite expensive and time-consuming. Also, the adoption of floating drilling technologies that are currently used for offshore applications is often difficult or impossible in shallow waters. In this work, an underwater drilling platform designed for near-shore applications is investigated. The proposed system is designed and optimized for rapid deployment in different operational conditions. This work is focused on the description of this innovative solution including simulation models that have been developed for this activity. Also, simulation models represent an original contribution because they are able to simulate complex interactions of the drilling pod with the surrounding water, with the support ship and with the excavated sea bottom.
Interpreting the Lempel–Ziv complexity of acoustic emission signals for identifying damage modes in composite materials
Authors: Barile Claudia , Casavola Caterina , Pappalettera Giovanni , Kannan Vimalathithan Paramsamy
Published: August 2022

Lempel–Ziv (LZ) complexity has been used predominantly in solving the information theoretic problems. However, its application is way beyond information theoretics. It has been used successfully in different biomedical applications. In this research work, this LZ complexity is used for identifying the damage modes in a plain weave fabric carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) specimens tested at an elevated temperature. The acoustic signals generated during the tensile test of CFRP specimens at an elevated temperature are recorded. Their LZ complexity values are extracted and compared with different acoustic descriptors. When LZ complexity is used along with peak amplitude of the acoustic signal and its weighted peak frequency, it is able to distinguish the different damage sources of the signal. The acoustic signals with LZ complexity above 0.6 generally indicate their source as delamination or debonding of the fibres in the CFRP specimen. This multiparameter approach is more efficient in distinguishing the different damage modes in the CFRP specimens.
Emerging from disruptions and ambiguities: Understanding local government innovative responses during the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Keyes Laura , Jang Hee Soun , Dicke Lisa , Shi Yu
Published: August 2022

This article investigates the utility of an integrated approach which combines the Incident Command System (ICS) model and the Disruption-Ambiguity-Innovation-Challenge model, for understanding local government homeless service responses during the COVID-19 pandemic. A case study in the City of Dallas, Texas is used to understand how three functional areas of the ICS (authority, operations, and finances), were influential in creating disruptions, ambiguities, innovations, and challenges for local government and its nonprofit partners. By using an integrated approach, we identify challenges, learning outcomes, and action strategies useful for consideration for local governments’ strategies for crisis management.
Machine vision-based testing action recognition method for robotic testing of mobile application
Authors: Zhang Tao , Su Zhengqi , Cheng Jing , Xue Feng , Liu Shengyu
Published: August 2022

The explosive growth and rapid version iteration of various mobile applications have brought enormous workloads to mobile application testing. Robotic testing methods can efficiently handle repetitive testing tasks, which can compensate for the accuracy of manual testing and improve the efficiency of testing work. Vision-based robotic testing identifies the types of test actions by analyzing expert test videos and generates expert imitation test cases. The mobile application expert imitation testing method uses machine learning algorithms to analyze the behavior of experts imitating test videos, generates test cases with high reliability and reusability, and drives robots to execute test cases. However, the difficulty of estimating multi-dimensional gestures in 2D images leads to complex algorithm steps, including tracking, detection, and recognition of dynamic gestures. Hence, this article focuses on the analysis and recognition of test actions in mobile application robot testing. Combined with the improved YOLOv5 algorithm and the ResNet-152 algorithm, a visual modeling method of mobile application test action based on machine vision is proposed. The precise localization of the hand is accomplished by injecting dynamic anchors, attention mechanism, and the weighted boxes fusion in the YOLOv5 algorithm. The improved algorithm recognition accuracy increased from 82.6% to 94.8%. By introducing the pyramid context awareness mechanism into the ResNet-152 algorithm, the accuracy of test action classification is improved. The accuracy of the test action classification was improved from 72.57% to 76.84%. Experiments show that this method can reduce the probability of multiple detections and missed detection of test actions, and improve the accuracy of test action recognition.
De Novo dural arteriovenous fistulas after endovascular treatment: Case illustration and literature review
Authors: Duquette Elizabeth , Dowlati Ehsan , Abdullah Taha , Felbaum Daniel R. , Mai Jeffrey C. , Sur Samir , Armonda Rocco A. , Liu Ai-Hsi
Published: August 2022

Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVF) account for nearly 10–15% of all arteriovenous malformations. Although the majority of dAVF are effectively cured after endovascular intervention, there are cases of dAVFs that may recur after radiographic cure. We present the case of a 69-year-old female with de novo formation of three dAVFs in different anatomic locations after successive endovascular treatments. The patient's initial dAVF was identified in the right posterior frontal convexity region and obliterated with transarterial and transvenous embolization. The patient returned eight years later due to left-sided pulsatile tinnitus and a new dAVF in the left greater sphenoid wing region was seen on angiography. This was treated with transvenous embolization with complete resolution. One year later, she developed left sided pulsatile tinnitus again and was found to have a left carotid-cavernous dAVF. This is the first case report to our knowledge of the formation of three de novo dAVFs over multiple years in distinct anatomical locations. We also review the literature regarding de novo dAVFs after endovascular treatment which includes 16 cases. De novo dAVF formation is likely due to numerous factors including changes in venous flow and aberrant vascular development. It is important to further understand the relationship between endovascular treatment and recurrent dAVF formation to prevent subsequent malformations.
Analysis and design of the gas generator multifunctional bulkhead considering the thermal and structural loads
Authors: Kolarević Nenad M , Stanković Miloš B , Miloš Marko V , Davidović Nikola S
Published: August 2022

The operation of gas generators brings relatively high thermo-mechanical loads on the gas generator structure. The objective of this article is to determine the operating conditions, in terms of mechanical loads at extremely high temperatures in very limited and narrow space, of a multifunctional bulkhead for application on specific kinds of gas generators with back-to-back rotor concept. The paper contains numerical analysis and experimental investigation for determining the loads and behavior of the structure. Numerical analysis indicates that there is significant influence of the Tesla turbine effect on flow parameters. Also, uneven pressure distribution and significant thermal loads are identified. With experimental investigation and subsequent exploitation tests, it was concluded that the presented methodology identifies the operating conditions, truthfully simulates the bulkhead stress state and deformations and that the presented design solution satisfied all demands. Regarding results obtained by these numerical simulations, the innovative design solution for the multifunctional bulkhead was proposed.
A review of thermal impact of surface acoustic waves on microlitre droplets in medical applications
Authors: Mehmood Mubbashar , Khan Umar F , Maka Ali OM , Akhter Javed , Chaudhary Tariq Nawaz , Masood Faisal , Hasan Sameer Ahmad , Lee Yeaw Chu
Published: August 2022

The surface acoustic waves (SAW) propagate inside the microdroplets resulting in kinetic and thermal impacts. The kinetic drives fluid particles inside the droplet while thermal impact increases the liquid’s temperature. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research investigations related to internal kinetics and heating inside the microdroplet caused by the acoustic waves. The main factors that affect the kinetics and convection heat transfer are the piezoelectric materials, shape of the interdigital transducer (IDT) and mode of acoustic waves. Internal streaming (kinetic) leads to particle mixing, particle manipulation, cell sorting, cell patterning, cell separation, measuring the concentration of immunoglobulin and so forth. The effect of changing the mode of waves and the shape of IDT on the relevant applications are presented. Internal convection heat transfer is important where heating of the liquid is essential for many applications such as monitoring blood coagulation in the human plasma and an acoustic tweezer for particle trapping. Experimental methods developed by researchers to realise uniform temperature with constant heating and cooling cycles are also discussed. Such methods are widely used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect COVID-19 infection. The heating of the droplet can be efficiently controlled by changing the input power and by varying the duty factor.
Efficacy and utilization of intravascular ultrasound in office–based lower extremity endovascular interventions for peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Pesonen Luke O , Knol Meghan C , Shelgikar Chinmaya S , Battaglia Michael A , Heidenreich Michael J , Aziz Abdulhameed
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is a uniquely objective but underutilized imaging modality in the interventional treatment of peripheral arterial disease treatment. IVUS has been shown to improve device size selection and diagnose occult pathology difficult to see with routine angiography. We hypothesize that the use of IVUS in lower extremity endovascular intervention improves accuracy in stent and balloon size selection and minimizes contrast use.

Methods

This is a retrospective case series performed at a single-institution outpatient center by two vascular surgeons from July 2016 through July 2017. We identified 94 total IVUS-assisted procedures. We collected data regarding demographics, balloon and stent size, IVUS-determined vessel diameter, pre-procedure and post-procedure ABI values, and contrast used during the procedure. An independent core laboratory was further utilized to characterize all IVUS and angiographic size vessel measurements.

Results

For the 94 lower extremity IVUS-assisted interventions, the average patient age was 70±9 years old, with an average contrast use of 37.1 mL of Omnipaque 300. There was substantial improvement in pre- and post-procedure ABI (0.7±0.23 to 0.94±0.21). On analysis of average intraluminal IVUS vessel diameter to balloon angioplasty used, we had a correlation in size of 0.96±0.16 in our series. Additionally, in eight instances IVUS allowed for identification of a flow-limiting dissection with subsequent stenting.

Conclusions

Routine use of IVUS offers a powerful diagnostic paradigm that has the potential to significantly decrease contrast use and to improve objectivity in choosing appropriate vascular tools to maximize intra-procedural efficacy. The discovery of adverse findings not initially noticed on angiography further reinforces the value of IVUS utilization.
GBP4 is an immune-related biomarker for patients with ileocolonic Crohn’s disease by comprehensive analysis
Authors: Shi Heng , Sun Shengyun , Zhou Xianling , He Yushan , Peng Qin
Published: August 2022

Background: Extensive evidence has shown that immune cell infiltration is associated with the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease (CD).

Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the GSE179285 dataset in the intestinal mucosa of CD patients and healthy individuals were then identified. The infiltration pattern of 22 immune cell types was assessed using the CIBERSORT algorithm. The DEGs and 22 immune cell types were combined to find the key gene network using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). A linear regression model for the relationship between the expression of the hub genes in CD patients and infiltration of immune cells was also developed. The utility and accuracy of the hub genes for CD diagnosis were assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The accuracy of the model was validated using the GSE20881 dataset.

Results: There were 1135 DEGs between the intestinal mucosal tissue of CD patients and healthy individuals. Of these DEGs, 711 genes were upregulated, whereas 424 of them were downregulated. There was also a significant difference in the infiltration of immune cells to the intestinal mucosal between the CD patients and healthy individuals. WGCNA revealed that the turquoise module genes were strongly correlated with the infiltration of M1 macrophages (cor =0.68, p = 10−16). Finally, the expression of GBP4, the identified hub gene, strongly correlated with the infiltration of M1 macrophages (adjusted r-squared =0.661, p < 2×10−16), and is a relatively good marker for CD diagnostic prediction (AUC =0.736). The relationship between GBP4 expression and infiltration of M1 macrophages (adjusted r-squared =0.435, p < 2×10−16) and diagnostic value of the gene (AUC =0.702) were verified using the GSE20881 validation dataset.

Conclusion: The expression of GBP4 is associated with the infiltration of M1 macrophages to the intestinal mucosa of CD patients.
On what basis did Health Canada approve OxyContin in 1996? A retrospective analysis of regulatory data
Authors: Pappin Jessie , Bavli Itai , Herder Matthew
Published: August 2022

The marketing and sale of oxycodone (OxyContin) by Purdue Pharma has commanded a great deal of legal and policy attention due to the drug’s central role in the ongoing overdose crisis. However, little is known about the basis for OxyContin’s approval by regulators, such as Health Canada in 1996. Taking advantage of a recently created online database containing information pertaining to the safety and effectiveness of drugs, we conducted a retrospective analysis of Purdue Pharma’s submission to Health Canada, including both published and unpublished clinical trials. None of the trials sponsored by Purdue Pharma sought to meaningfully assess the risks of misuse or addiction associated with OxyContin. The trials were short in duration (maximum length was 24 days) and only assessed safety and efficacy of a 12-h dosing interval. Also, the two trial reports that explicitly mentioned (but did not formally evaluate) the risk of misuse were not published, making it unclear how Health Canada concluded that there was no risk of misuse. In our view, these findings underscore the need for transparency of not only of clinical trial data, but also the regulator’s interpretation of such data, which is currently lacking in Canada. Furthermore, they call into question why Health Canada’s role in precipitating the overdose crisis has not received greater scrutiny, including in the context of recent litigation surrounding OxyContin.
Radical, Nativist, Authoritarian—Or All of These? Assessing Recent Cases of Right-Wing Populism in Latin America
Authors: Kestler Thomas
Published: August 2022

In the light of a series of right-wing populist successes, some observers concluded that there is a kind of populist contagion going on and that the global wave of radical right populism (RRP) has finally reached Latin America. Yet, a premature categorization based on outward similarities eventually leads to omitting important differences. The aim of this article is a typological assessment of four recent cases of right-wing populism in Latin America—Jair Bolsonaro (Brazil), José António Kast (Chile), Guido Manini Ríos (Uruguay), and Javier Milei (Argentina)—to clarify their correspondence with Cas Mudde’s concept of RRP. The questions to be addressed are the following: Are these four leaders and their parties radically right? Are they right-wing in cultural terms (nativist and authoritarian)? Are they populist? And do they have sufficient features in common to speak of a right-wing populist wave?
Network Pharmacology-Based Study on the Mechanism of Ginsenoside Rh2 in Glioma Treatment
Authors: Wu Xue , Qin Xiujiao , Dong Han
Published: August 2022

Glioma, originated from the neuroectoderm, is one of the prevalent tumors. It is reported that ginsenoside Rh2, a compound extracted from Panax ginseng, shows pharmacological activity in inhibiting the proliferation and metastasis of glioma cells. However, the precise underlying mechanism has not been completely clarified. In this study, the molecular mechanism of ginsenoside Rh2 in glioma treatment was investigated using network pharmacology, through which the target of ginsenoside Rh2 in glioma treatment was screened, and further the biological functions were analyzed by gene ontology biological annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment. In total, 80 potential targets of ginsenoside Rh2 for glioma treatment were screened. Biological functions analysis revealed that ginsenoside Rh2 was associated with several cancer-related signaling pathways such as VEGF signaling pathway, thereby regulating cell processes, including cell migration and cell proliferation, which suggests that ginsenoside Rh2 targets multiple genes, further mediating indicated signaling network in anti-glioma and providing a potential mechanism of ginsenoside Rh2 in glioma treatment.
Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies of the Molecular Targets and Mechanisms of ChuanKeZhi in the Treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Yuan Jiaying , Zhu Yiqing , Zhao Jiayi , Li Li , Zhu Chengjie , Chen Mingxia , Zhang Yi , Shang Yan
Published: August 2022

Objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a global impact and is spreading quickly. ChuanKeZhi injection (CKZI) is widely used in asthma patients. In this paper, we aimed to explore active compounds of CKZ and determine potential mechanisms against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through network pharmacology, molecular docking and dynamic simulation studies. Materials and Methods: We used the Systematic Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCMSP) to screen active compounds and potential target proteins of CKZ. COVID-19 target genes were screened via the American National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) gene database and human gene database (GeenCards). The protein interaction network was constructed by the Protein Interaction Network Database (Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING)) platform. GO enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed by the Metascape database. The main active compounds of CKZ were docked with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), spike protein S1, and SARS-CoV-2-3CL pro and also docked with hub targets. We performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies for validation. Results: We finally obtained 207 CKZ potential targets and 4681 potential COVID-19 targets. Key targets included mainly AKT1, TNF, IL6, VEGFA, IL1B, TP53, JUN, CASP3, etc. There were 217 Gene Ontology (GO) items in the GO enrichment analysis ( p < 0.05). The main KEGG pathways included the advanced glycation end products (AGE)- receptor for AGE (RAGE) signalling pathway in diabetic complications, rheumatoid arthritis, chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation, alcoholic liver disease, etc. Molecular docking and dynamics simulation studies both exhibited great binding capacity. Conclusions: Network pharmacology, molecular docking and dynamics simulation studies were used to identify the potential and key targets, pharmacological functions, and therapeutic mechanisms of CKZI in the treatment of COVID-19. CKZI may be an effective and safe drug in COVID-19 treatment. However, further work is needed for validation.
From “Barbaric” to “Knowing”: Disrupting teaching to resignify “Toddler”
Authors: Fincham Emmanuelle N
Published: August 2022

Mainstream images of “toddler” tend to serve a humorous purpose in mass media, most often presenting children of this age (18 months–3 years) as out-of-control. This assumed “barbaric” toddler promotes early childhood as a time for intervention, expecting adults to be the shapers of behavior and knowledge within discourses of social regulation which delineate possible childhoods. Within the Capitalocene, possible childhoods are inextricably linked to future adulthoods where this intervention is desired early to prepare children for future schooling and thus, future work to further industrial progress and consumption. This article revisits narrative, self-reflexive data from a larger study to identify and deconstruct mundane, acceptable teaching practices that promote the positioning of very young children as “lesser beings” through the constant control of children’s bodies, ideas, and subjectivities. Through this deconstruction of practice and in turn adult-child power relations, ruptures in habitual ways of knowing and teaching lead to a reimagining of toddlers’ actions in an effort to build counternarratives. Practices of disruption and resignification aim to challenge the positions of classroom subjects as they are continuously reproduced through discourses of development and the neoliberal agenda.
Unruly edges: Toddler literacies of the Capitalocene
Authors: Hackett Abigail
Published: August 2022

By troubling notions of time-as-progress and human exceptionality, this paper considers what shifts in conceptualisations of children’s literacies and futures might be possible in the context of faltering of capitalist logics of progress. The paper draws on a 3 year ethnographic study with families and young children in northern England, which asked what might be learnt about young children’s literacies by starting with the everyday in communities. Arguing for the interconnection between notions of human exceptionalism, human/planetary relations and literacies and language, the paper offers some alternative directions for sorely needed imaginaries about the role of literacies in how young children relate to their worlds.
The Trauma of COVID-19–Fueled Discrimination: Posttraumatic Stress in Asian American Adolescents
Authors: Ermis-Demirtas Hulya , Luo Ye , Huang Yun-Ju
Published: August 2022

With the emergence of COVID-19 in China, East and Southeast Asian American (ESEAA) students have reported increased incidents of COVID-19–fueled discrimination in online and offline (in-person) settings. Given the recency of this situation, there is a scarcity of research investigating the impact of COVID-19–related discrimination on ESEAA adolescents’ mental health, especially posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In the current study, therefore, we provide evidence regarding the relations of COVID-19–fueled online and offline discrimination to PTSD symptoms in a sample of ESEAA high school students. We discuss study limitations; future recommendations; and implications for school leaders, school counselors, and other educators.