bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient Dicer processing of virus-derived double-stranded RNAs and its modulation by RIG-I-like receptor LGP2
Authors: Zhang Yuqiang , Xu Yan , Dai Yunpeng , Li Zhe , Wang Jiaxing , Ye Zhi , Ren Yanxin , Wang Hua , Li Wan-xiang , Lu Jinfeng , Ding Shou-Wei , Li Yang
Published: August 2021

The interferon-regulated antiviral responses are essential for the induction of both innate and adaptive immunity in mammals. Production of virus-derived small-interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) to restrict virus infection by RNA interference (RNAi) is a recently identified mammalian immune response to several RNA viruses, which cause important human diseases such as influenza and Zika virus. However, little is known about Dicer processing of viral double-stranded RNA replicative intermediates (dsRNA-vRIs) in mammalian somatic cells. Here we show that infected somatic cells produced more influenza vsiRNAs than cellular microRNAs when both were produced by human Dicer expressedde novo, indicating that dsRNA-vRIs are not poor Dicer substrates as previously proposed according toin vitroDicer processing of synthetic long dsRNA. We report the first evidence both for canonical vsiRNA production during wild-type Nodamura virus infection and direct vsiRNA sequestration by its RNAi suppressor protein B2 in two strains of suckling mice. Moreover, Sindbis virus (SINV) accumulationin vivowas decreased by prior production of SINV-targeting vsiRNAs triggered by infection and increased by heterologous expression of B2in cisfrom SINV genome, indicating an antiviral function for the induced RNAi response. These findings reveal that unlike artificial long dsRNA, dsRNA-vRIs made during authentic infection of mature somatic cells are efficiently processed by Dicer into vsiRNAs to direct antiviral RNAi. Interestingly, Dicer processing of dsRNA-vRIs into vsiRNAs was inhibited by LGP2 (laboratory of genetics and physiology 2), which was encoded by an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) shown recently to inhibit Dicer processing of artificial long dsRNA in cell culture. Our work thus further suggests negative modulation of antiviral RNAi by a known ISG from the interferon response.
Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors: In search of national representation in the image of folklore
Authors: Ovtchinnikova Alexandra
Published: August 2021

In this case study analysis of the film Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors (1965) directed by Sergei Parajanov (1924–90) I will explore the ways in which traditional dress in this film, as part of a wider imagery of folklore, has been defamiliarized from the ideological canon of social realism. More specifically, I will look at the ways Parajanov’s film, filled with music, dance, colour and ethnographic texture, significantly departed from the traditional representation of non-Russians on the Soviet screen under the Friendship of Peoples policy. Based on a folkloric legend, adapted and published in 1911 by Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi (1864–1913), Shadows celebrates the ethnographic texture of the Hutsul region by departing significantly from causality and narrative logic and bringing together primitive and modern elements instead. Praised for its authenticity, the film became a turning point in the search for a new site of national expression for Ukrainian filmmakers and more specifically, the role of folklore in its visual presentation. The work of the costume designer Lidiya Bajkova (1905–80) is emblematic in the way it renders authenticity beyond historical, ethnic and material accuracy by seamlessly integrating the costumes into the visual texture of the cinematic image. Her approach demonstrates how motifs and patterns that have previously been delegated to domesticated and melodramatic narratives could conversely become a fundamental substance of the cinematic experience.
Dream weaving: A conversation with Jennifer Irwin
Authors: Anderson Margot
Published: August 2021

In December 2019 as I made my way through Bangarra Dance Theatre’s exhibition Knowledge Ground, Australia was in the early stages of a devastating bushfire season and Sydney was shrouded in a cloud of smoke. It was Bangarra Dance Theatre’s 30th anniversary and I was fully immersed in a theatrical display of set pieces, soundscapes and costumes from landmark productions by Australia’s premier First Nations performing arts company. Bangarra’s body of work draws on over 65,000 years of Indigenous culture and fuses the language of traditional and contemporary dance to create a compelling narrative based on a shared knowledge of country. These works have served as markers of revelation in the development of my own understanding of Australia and have made Bangarra an internationally acclaimed source of powerful story telling. They have also fuelled a long-lasting appreciation of the costumes designed for the company by Jennifer Irwin with whom I shared a series of discussions.
Spectral Characters: Genre and Materiality on the Modern Stage, Sarah Balkin (2019)
Authors: Schweitzer Marlis
Published: August 2021

Review of: Spectral Characters: Genre and Materiality on the Modern Stage, Sarah Balkin (2019)

Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 198 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-47213-148-8, h/bk, $65
Extraabdominal parasitic lipoleiomyoma
Authors: Lee Tae Hoon , Baek Se-Jin
Published: August 2021

Extrauterine parasitic lipoleiomyoma is a very rare fatty tumor, with uncertain histopathogenesis. Although imaging studies play an important role in preoperative localization and diagnosis of lipoleiomyoma, a pathological evaluation is paramount for confirmation of diagnosis. We describe a case of a 49-year-old woman with a palpable mass in the right inguinal area. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis revealed a fluid- and fat-containing mass. Histopathological examination of the mass, which was successfully resected, confirmed the diagnosis of lipoleiomyoma. The patient was discharged on a postoperative day 2 without any complications.
Structural Characterization and Isotopic Abundance Ratio Analysis of the Consciousness Energy Healing Treated Ofloxacin
Authors: Trivedi Mahendra Kumar , Branton Alice , Trivedi Dahryn , Jana Snehasis
Published: July 2021

Ofloxacin is an antibiotic, useful against the number of bacterial infections. This scientific investigation was performed to identify the impact of the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on the structural properties and the isotopic abundance ratio of ofloxacin using sophisticated analytical techniques. Ofloxacin sample was divided into control and treated parts. Only the treated ofloxacin received the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment remotely by a well-known Biofield Energy Healer, Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi. The LC-MS spectra of both the samples of ofloxacin at retention time 3 minutes exhibited the mass of the protonated molecular ion peak at m/z 362.17 (M+H)+. The chromatographic peak area% of the treated ofloxacin (52.4%) was increased by 2.03% compared to the control sample (51.36%). The LC-MS based isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/PM in the Biofield Treated ofloxacin was significantly increased by 22.43% compared with the control sample. Similarly, the GC-MS based isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/PM in the Biofield Treated ofloxacin was significantly increased by 19.24% compared with the control sample. The LC-MS and GC-MS based isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/PM (2H/1H or 15N/14N or 13C/12C or 17O/16O) was significantly increased in the Biofield Treated ofloxacin as compared to the control sample. Thus,2H, 15N, 13C, and17O contributions from (C18H21FN3O4)+ to m/z 363.17 in the treated ofloxacin were significantly increased compared with the control sample. The increased isotopic abundance ratio of the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treated ofloxacin may increase the intra-atomic bond strength and increase its physical stability. The new form of treated ofloxacin would be more stable, better soluble, and bioavailable compared to the control sample. It would be more useful to design efficacious pharmaceutical formulations that might offer better therapeutic response against infections in the urethra, urinary tract, gonorrhoea, pneumonia, infectious diarrhoea, bronchitis, cellulitis, bacterial infection of the eye and ear, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, prostatitis, otitis media, plague, etc.
The impact of attitudes on behavioural change: a multilevel analysis of predictors of changes in consumer behaviour
Authors:   Departamento de Cognición, Desarrollo y Psicología Educacional, Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain, Alí Ítalo ,   Centro de Excelencia en Psicología Económica y del Consumo, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile, Sepúlveda José ,   Centro de Excelencia en Psicología Económica y del Consumo, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile,   Núcleo Científico Tecnológico en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile, Sepúlveda Jocelyne ,   Centro de Excelencia en Psicología Económica y del Consumo, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile,   Núcleo Científico Tecnológico en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile, Denegri Marianela ,   Centro de Excelencia en Psicología Económica y del Consumo, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile,   Núcleo Científico Tecnológico en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile
Published: August 2021

Introduction/objective: The paper sought to identify the predictor variables of changes in habits and behaviours of responsible consumption in students of Pedagogy of History and Geography in the city of Temuco, Chile. Method: The sample comprised of 110 students divided into an experimental (n = 68) and a control (n = 42) group. Pre-and post-intervention measurements were considered, within the framework of a pilot financial education programme for students of Pedagogy of History and Geography. Analyses included Multilevel Mixed Effects Analyses, which evaluated the predicting power of attitudes towards purchasing,materialism, self-discrepancy and levels of financial literacy regarding behavioural change in responsible consumption. Results: The results set forth rationality (a subscale of attitudes toward purchasing), and centrality (a subscale of materialism) as significant predictors of behavioural changes in purchasing. Conclusions: These results suggest guidelines for interventions to promote responsible consumption in university students.
From Charity to Healthcare Services: Transforming Islamic Philanthropy in Rumah Zakat Indonesia
Authors: Windya Puspasari Herti , Suginarti Suginarti , Nuryati Tati
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine public participation in health services at the Pratama Cita Sehat clinic, East Jakarta. This research was conducted by collecting qualitative data through in-depth interview techniques during October-December 2019. The study results indicate that community participation is relatively high. It is evidenced by the community's involvement during the permit process for the establishment of a clinic, building renovations, and cleaning the clinic location. This participation makes the clinic owned by Rumah Zakat, a philanthropic institution that houses it and belongs to the surrounding community. In addition, the clinic's existence is very beneficial, especially for the poor and the poor, who often find it difficult to access health services.
Knowledge and Attitudes of Preschool, Primary and Secondary Teachers About Dentoalveolar Trauma
Authors: Marriaga-Gutiérrez Adolfo , Martínez-Osorio Luisa Fernanda , Hernández-Mora Andrés , Ortiz-Yepes Daniela , Erazo-Coronado Ana María , Rebolledo-Cobos Martha
Published: August 2021

El trauma dentoalveolar es considerado la segunda causa de urgencias odontológicas, sien-do los niños y adolescentes los más afectados. La etiología está relacionada a la edad; en niños preescolares, las caídas son una causa muy común de lesiones traumáticas dentales, mientras que en los niños de edad escolar, las lesiones son más frecuentes por actividades deportivas. Suelen suceder en entornos académicos como la escuela, donde el docente es el principal sujeto a quien acuden para la atención preliminar de este tipo de eventos. Por tales argumentos son importantes los conocimientos y actitudes que posean los docentes, debido a que dichas acciones determinarán el pronóstico y tratamiento, más aun, por la relación existente entre el tiempo transcurrido y las acciones realizadas por parte del profesional odontológico. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue describir la existencia de conocimientos y actitudes de docentes de primaria y secundaria sobre el manejo del trauma dentoalveolar; en la cual N=9 publicaciones cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad, empleando las bases de datos Pubmed, Scielo y Clinical Keys y descriptores en idioma inglés y español. Se evidencia que existe conocimiento inadecuado, mientras que la actitud del docente frente al trauma dental en la mayoría de los estudios no fue evaluada.
THE EFFECT OF PRICE BEHAVIOUR ON INDONESIAN CPO EXPORT QUANTITY
Authors: Setyowati Putri Budi , Widayat Dessanty Fauziah , Prihatminingtyas Budi
Published: August 2021

Unpredictable changes in supply and demand may cause the variation of price behavior. Crude Palm Oil (CPO) as Indonesian main export commodity has the highest risk of uncertainty price which is influenced by world price while it tends to fluctuate and become volatile in the given period. In order to increase CPO production, government has implemented biodiesel mandatory regulation namely B30 in 2019. It means that the use of diesel fuel with 20 percent of biofuel content. Besides that, government also applies zero tax policy to stimulate CPO producers in doing export. The objectives of this research are to analyze price volatility and its effect on export volume in the long term. Daily Indonesian CPO price since January 2010 to December 2017 was analyzed by Historical Volatility Method and Cointegration Test. This research shows that both domestic and world price of CPO tends to be high while domestic price is less volatile than world price. Furthermore, CPO’s price and export volume are cointegrated and have negative relation in the long term.
SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE OF ORGANIC VEGETABLES (EVIDENCE ON SMES IN MALANG CITY)
Authors: Fauzi Irsyad , Aprilia Anisa , Dewi Heptari Elita
Published: August 2021

The role of supply chain management strategies in the organic vegetable business is to createcompetitiveness by prioritizing fulfillment of consumer demand appropriately. One of the companiesengaged in the organic vegetable business in Malang City is Abang Sayur Organik (ABS) SMEs. Theorganic broccoli commodity is a superior product from ABS SMEs which continues supplied to retailand manufacture. Common problems that occur in the organic broccoli supply chain are fluctuations indemand and mismatches in the quality of products shipped. Measurement of supply chain performanceis needed to answer the existing problem. This study aims to describe the condition of supply chainmanagement and measure the performance of organic vegetable supply chains in ABS SMEs. The dataused are primary data obtained from questionnaires distributed to all ABS organic broccoli supply chainactors. Supply chain performance measurement uses the benchmark score method of Supply ChainOperation Reference (SCOR) performance indicators that include reliability, responsiveness, agility,costs, and assets with a value classification of parity, advantage, and superior. The results showed thatsupply chain actors involved were suppliers, distributors, manufacturers, retailers, and consumers.Measurement of Perfect Order Fulfillment performance indicators at the position of advantage at the supplier level and superior at the distributor level to retail. The value of Order Fulfillment Cycle Timeand flexibility are superior at each actor, while the value of inventory days of supply at the supplier,distributor and manufacturing level is at a position of advantage but at the retail level at a superiorposition. Cash To Cash Cycle Time value is superior position in each supply chain actor, but for theTotal Supply Chain Management Cost value in each organic broccoli supply chain actor is in a gap-parity position
Land Suitability Assessment for Olive Mill Wastewater Disposal by Integrating Multicriteria Decision Support Tools
Authors: Triantakonstantis Dimitris , Detsikas Spyridon , Kavvadias Victor , Papadopoulou Zoi , Sparangis Panagiotis , Katsenios Nikolaos , Vlachakis Dimitrios , Efthimiadou Aspasia
Published: August 2021

Many on-site waste disposal systems fail regularly due to problems concerning suitable location and management. A potential environmental threat is inevitably propagated through on-site, off-site, downstream, soil surface and ground water pollution. Soil is a key component of land suitability for waste disposal. This paper presents a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) – based integrated multicriteria decision support system for evaluating the land suitability for olive mill wastewater (OMWW) disposal in the Mediterranean region. Two-scaled classification schemes are developed, the global scheme for Central and South Greece (scale: 1:30.000) and the local scheme for the study area in Xiromero, Aetolia-Acarnania Prefecture, Western Greece, scale 1:10.000. Constrains and factors are included into the spatial decision-making framework, where geostatistical and fuzzy set theory techniques, as well as Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) are appropriately integrated. Physical, chemical, and socioeconomic variables adapted to the Mediterranean soil conditions are incorporated as driving forces for the land suitability assessment and the produced maps reveal valuable results for final end-users, such as municipal authorities, agriculturalists, farmers and other national and local stakeholders.
The touch-screen generation: Trends in Dutch parents’ perceptions of young children’s media use from 2012–2018
Authors: Nikken Peter
Published: August 2021

Based on a time-lag model, this study tested for changes in young children’s (1–6 years) home access and use of digital media in the 2012–2018 period as well as in their parents’ views on such media. What it found was that in only a few years the digital devices available to children have become more mobile (tablets and smartphones), more accessible, and more numerous in these children’s bedrooms, especially in single-parent households. Also, on average children have strongly increased their daily media use—up to 102 minutes. This is especially true for both younger children (3 years or less, plus 30 minutes) and children in middle to highly educated households (plus 25 minutes). Our findings support the complementary media adoption theory more than the displacement theory. Over the years parents have tended more and more to use digital media as ‘babysitters’, while they also found it increasingly difficult to stop their children from using such media, which may have major implications for parenting support activities.
The extracellular region of bovine milk butyrophilin exhibits closer structural similarity to human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein than to immunological BTN family receptors
Authors: Eichinger Andreas , Neumaier Irmgard , Skerra Arne
Published: August 2021

Bovine butyrophilin (BTN1A1) is an abundant type I transmembrane glycoprotein exposed on the surface of milk fat globules. We have solved the crystal structure of its extracellular region via multiple wavelength anomalous dispersion after incorporation of selenomethionine into the bacterially produced protein. The butyrophilin ectodomain exhibits two subdomains with immunoglobulin fold, each comprising a β-sandwich with a central disulfide bridge as well as one N-linked glycosylation. The fifth Cys residue at position 193 is unpaired and prone to forming disulfide crosslinks. The apparent lack of a ligand-binding site or receptor activity suggests a function predominantly as hydrophilic coat protein to prevent coagulation of the milk fat droplets. While there is less structural resemblance to members of the human butyrophilin family such as BTN3A, which play a role as immune receptors, the N-terminal bovine butyrophilin subdomain shows surprising similarity to the human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, a protein exposed on the surface of myelin sheaths. Thus, our study lends structural support to earlier hypotheses of a correlation between the consumption of cow milk and prevalence of neurological autoimmune diseases and may offer guidance for the breeding of cattle strains that express modified butyrophilin showing less immunological cross-reactivity.
In vitro osteogenic activities of sulfated derivative of polysaccharide extracted from Tamarindus indica L.
Authors: Nguyen Minh Thi Hong , Tran Chien Van , Nguyen Phuong Hong , Tran Quang De , Kim Min-Sung , Jung Won-Kyo , Nguyen Phuong Thi Mai
Published: August 2021

Osteoporosis, one of the most serious public health concerns caused by an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation, has a major impact on the population. Therefore, finding the effective osteogenic compounds for the treatment of osteoporosis is a promising research approach. In our study, tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) seed polysaccharide (TSP) extracted from tamarind seed was subjected to synthesize its sulfate derivatives. The 1H NMR, FT-IR, SEM, monosaccharide compositions and elemental analysis data revealed that tamarind seed polysaccharide sulfate (TSPS) was successfully prepared. As the result, TSPS showed potent effects on inducing osteoblast differentiation via increasing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity up to 20% after 10 days and bone mineralization approximately 58% after four weeks at concentration of 20 μg/mL, whereas no statistically increase for both ALP activity and bone mineralization was observed in TSP treatment. Furthermore, TSPS enhanced expression of several marker genes in bone formation. Overall, the obtained data provided novelty on osteogenic compounds originated from TSP of T. indica, as well as scientific fundamentals on drug development and bone tissue engineering for the treatment of osteoporosis and other bone-related diseases.
Konzentration als Faktor intraindividueller Variation im Textverlauf
Authors: Schiegg Markus , Gunkler-Frank Katharina
Published: July 2021

Dieser Beitrag untersucht intraindividuelle Variation im Textverlauf, die nicht inhaltlich, sondern sprachextern motiviert ist. Hierfür wird die Verteilung von fünf hochfrequenten graphematischen Variablen (ca. 4.400 Belege) im Verlauf von 15 Briefen (ca. 7.800 Wörter) eines historischen Psychiatriepatienten um 1900 an vier unterschiedliche Adressaten verglichen. Bei jeder der Variablen und bei jedem Adressaten zeigt sich in der zweiten Briefhälfte insgesamt ein niedrigerer Anteil schriftsprachlicher Varianten als in der ersten. Dies spricht für die allmähliche Abnahme der Konzentration bei der Textproduktion. Im Zuge des sich verschlechternden Gesundheitszustands des Schreibers wird dies besonders deutlich. Konzentration ist ein bislang kaum beachteter Faktor für intraindividuelle Variation.
Entstehung und Entwicklung interpunktorischer Zweifelsfälle im Deutschen
Authors: Stark Linda
Published: July 2021

Ursprünglich diente die Kommasetzung vermutlich intonatorischen Zwecken. Im Laufe der Jahrhunderte ist das intonatorische Prinzip jedoch vom grammatischen bzw. syntaktischen abgelöst worden. Die aktuelle Kommasetzung lässt sich heutzutage fast ausnahmslos auf wenige syntaktische Bedingungen hinunterbrechen. Trotz dieser aus sprachwissenschaftlicher Sicht weitestgehend eindeutigen Verhältnisse, die sich in weiten Teilen auch auf die Norm niedergeschlagen haben, weist nicht nur der aktuelle Usus z. T. normwidrige Kommavarianten auf, die mit intonatorischen Faktoren in Verbindung gebracht werden können. Auch in aktuellen metasprachlichen Thematisierungen der Kommasetzung finden sich intonatorische Kriterien als Orientierungshilfen in der als kompliziert wahrgenommenen Kommasetzung. Der Beitrag zeigt auf, dass in dieser Relevantsetzung intonatorischer Kriterien, die oftmals mit syntaktischen Gegebenheiten konkurrieren, eine Tradition besteht, die bis ins 19. Jahrhundert zurückreicht. Damit erweist sich die metasprachliche Debatte als weitaus stabiler und konservativer als die Kodifizierung der Kommasetzung, die sich seit dem 19. Jahrhundert deutlich von der Intonation emanzipiert hat. In diesem in der metasprachlichen Debatte konservierten Spannungsfeld zwischen Intonation und Syntax könnte ein zentraler Grund für die Entstehung und den Fortbestand von Zweifelsfällen der Kommasetzung liegen.
Innere Semantik und Binnenmajuskelschreibung bei Substantivkomposita im Deutschen 1550–1710
Authors: Solling Daniel
Published: July 2021

In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat die Binnenmajuskelschreibung von Substantivkomposita im Deutschen immer mehr zugenommen (z. B.BahnCard). Beschreibungen des Phänomens gibt es seit über 20 Jahren. Seitdem ist die Binnenmajuskelschreibung im modernen Deutsch ziemlich eingehend untersucht worden. Zur Binnenmajuskelschreibung im Deutschen des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts liegt jedoch nicht viel Forschung vor. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt eine Studie zur Binnenmajuskelschreibung im Deutschen zwischen 1550 und 1710 anhand eines größeren Korpus von gedruckten Predigttexten dar. Nachdem in früheren Studien dem Verhältnis zwischen der Binnenmajuskelschreibung und der Getrennt-, Zusammen- und Bindestrichschreibung von Substantivkomposita im damaligen Deutsch sowie regionalen Unterschieden in der Binnenmajuskelschreibung und das Verhältnis zwischen der Binnenmajuskelschreibung und dem Kompositionstyp des Substantivkompositums nachgegangen wurde, richtet die vorliegende Studie einen besonderen Fokus auf das Verhältnis zwischen der Binnenmajuskelschreibung und der lexikalischen, inneren Semantik des Substantivkompositums. Es wird gezeigt, dass diese lediglich eine geringe Rolle für die Entwicklung der Binnenmajuskelschreibung haben könnte. Dies ist interessant, da andere Studien die große Relevanz des lexikalischen Prinzips für die Initialgroßschreibung von Substantiven im damaligen Deutsch feststellen.
Entwicklung der satzinternen Großschreibung kontrastiv
Authors: Hartmann Stefan , Nowak Jessica , Szczepaniak Renata
Published: July 2021

Während die Entwicklung der satzinternen Großschreibung von Nomina und Nominalisierungen fürs Deutsche gut untersucht ist, stellt sie für viele andere Sprachen, in denen ebenfalls eine (wenn auch kurzlebige) Tendenz zur satzinternen Großschreibung festzustellen ist, ein Forschungsdesiderat dar. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir methodische Überlegungen zur kontrastiven Untersuchung der Entwicklung der satzinternen Großschreibung im Deutschen, Englischen und Niederländischen vor und diskutieren die Ergebnisse erster Pilotstudien. Neben übergreifenden Tendenzen zeigen sich auch deutliche Unterschiede, aus denen sich die Notwendigkeit zu einer differenzierten Betrachtung der einzelsprachlichen Einflussfaktoren ergibt.
Improving flexural strength of UHPC with sustainably synthesized graphene oxide
Authors: Luo Qizhi , Wu Yu-You , Qiu Wenjun , Huang Haoliang , Pei Songfeng , Lambert Paul , Hui David
Published: August 2021

Ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) has been increasingly employed for infrastructure and building structure, thanks to its excellent durability and exceptional mechanical properties; however, improving its relatively low flexural strength remains a challenging issue. This study presents an experimental investigation on improving the compressive strength and flexural strength of UHPC by employing sustainably synthesized graphene oxide (GO). The content of micro steel fibers (MSFs) for the UHPC ranges from 0.5 to 1.5% by volume of concrete. For each level of MSFs addition, the dosage of GO added is from 0.00 to 0.03% by mass of cement. The results indicate that the electrochemical (EC) method to synthesize GO is greener, safer, and lower in cost for construction industry. And the compressive strength of UHPC is slightly improved, while its flexural strength is significantly increased from 33 to 65%, demonstrating that the incorporation of GO can be an effective measure to enhance the flexural strength of UHPC under standard curing and steam curing. This can be associated with the improvement in bond strength between the MSFs and the matrix contributed by the improved interfacial microstructure, the higher friction increase, and the mechanical interlock at the interface between the MSFs and the bulk matrix, thanks to the addition of GO.
The Use of Rock Shelters During the Early Neolithic in the North of Alicante (Spain). The Site of Penya Roja de Catamarruc (Alicante, Spain) as a Case Study
Authors: Atiénzar Gabriel García , Amorós Silvia Martínez , Sirvent Cañada Laura M.
Published: July 2021

The first Neolithic communities settled in the East of the Iberian Peninsula developed a complex strategy of land occupation. These strategies evolved as their social, demographic, and economic bases were transformed. In this paper, we focus on the analysis of archaeological sites located under rock shelters, which were recurrently occupied throughout the Early Neolithic. To deepen this analysis, we reviewed the archaeological record of Penya Roja de Catamarruc (Planes, Alicante), as well as other sites of similar characteristics. This information, combined with different spatial analyses – prominence, visibility, and capacity of use of the soils – allowed us to define a series of patterns of occupation and exploitation of the territory of the first Neolithic communities. This study highlights the importance of the forest as a resource related not only to hunting and gathering as traditionally seen, but also to shepherding.
Hans Albert und die Ökonomie
Authors: Vanberg Viktor J.
Published: August 2021

Aus Anlass des hundertsten Geburtstags des Soziologen und Philosophen Hans Albert blickt Viktor Vanberg in diesem Beitrag zurück auf dessen kritische Auseinandersetzung mit der Ökonomie, seiner wissenschaftlichen Herkunftsdisziplin.
The Association Between Prejudice Toward and Essentialist Beliefs About Transgender People
Authors: Glazier Jessica J. , Gomez Eric M. , Olson Kristina R.
Published: August 2021

Previous research often suggests that people who endorse more essentialist beliefs about social groups are also likely to show increased prejudice towards members of these social groups, and there is even some evidence to suggest that essentialism may lead to prejudice and stereotyping. However, there are several notable exceptions to this pattern in that, for certain social groups (e.g., gay men and lesbians), higher essentialism is actually related to lower prejudice. The current studies further explored the relationship between essentialism and prejudice by examining a novel type of essentialism—transgender essentialism (i.e., essentializing transgender identity), and its relationship to prejudice towards transgender people. Study 1 (N = 248) tested the viability of transgender essentialism as a construct and examined the association between transgender essentialism and transprejudice, while Studies 2a (N = 315), 2b (N = 343), 3a (N = 310), and 3b (N = 204) tested two casual pathways to explain this relationship. The results consistently showed that the more that people endorse transgender essentialist beliefs, the warmer their feelings towards trans people (relative to cis people) were, echoing past research showing a similar relationship between essentialism and prejudice towards sexual minorities. However, the manipulations of both essentialism (Studies 2a and 2b) and prejudice (Studies 3a and 3b) were largely unsuccessful at changing the desired construct, meaning we were unable to provide direct causal tests. The one exception was a successful manipulation of the universality of trans experiences, but even here this resulted in no change in prejudice. The primary contribution of this work is in robustly demonstrating that greater transgender essentialism is associated with transprejudice.
Metformin improves glycemic variability in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus: an open-label randomized control trial
Authors: Zhang Xiuzhen , Xu Dan , Xu Ping , Yang Shufen , Zhang Qingmei , Wu Yan , Yuan Fengyi
Published: August 2021

Introduction

Metformin has been demonstrated to enhance cardioprotective benefits in type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Although glycemic variability (GV) is associated with increased risk of CVD in diabetes, there is a scarcity of research evaluating the effect of metformin on GV in T1DM.

Objectives

In the present study, the effects of adjuvant metformin therapy on GV and metabolic control in T1DM were explored.

Patients and methods

A total of 65 adults with T1DM were enrolled and subjected to physical examination, fasting laboratory tests, and continuous glucose monitoring, and subsequently randomized 1:1 to 3 months of 1000–2000 mg metformin daily add-on insulin (MET group, n = 34) or insulin (non-MET group, n = 31). After, baseline measurements were repeated.

Results

The mean amplitude of glycemic excursions was substantially reduced in MET group, compared with non-MET group (–1.58 (–3.35, 0.31) mmol/L vs 1.36 (–1.12, 2.24) mmol/L, P = 0.004). In parallel, the largest amplitude of glycemic excursions (–2.83 (–5.47, –0.06) mmol/L vs 0.45 (–1.29, 4.48) mmol/L, P = 0.004), the s.d. of blood glucose (–0.85 (–1.51, 0.01) mmol/L vs –0.14 (–0.68, 1.21) mmol/L, P = 0.015), and the coefficient of variation (–6.66 (–15.00, 1.50)% vs –1.60 (–6.28, 11.71)%, P = 0.012) all demonstrated improvement in the MET group, compared with the non-MET group. Significant reduction in insulin dose, BMI, and body weight was observed in patients in MET, not those in non-MET group.

Conclusion

Additional metformin therapy improved GV in adults with T1DM, as well as improving body composition and reducing insulin requirement. Hence, metformin as an adjunctive therapy has potential prospects in reducing the CVD risk in patients with T1DM in the long term.
Processing technology and experimental analysis of gas-assisted laser cut micro thin wood
Authors: Liu Qingwei , Yang Chunmei , Xue Bo , Miao Qian , Liu Jiuqing
Published: August 2021

Unsupported combustion nitrogen (N2) and flame-retardant helium (He) were used to facilitate laser-cutting of cherry wood, and the effects of process parameters, gas flow, and gas reactivity on the surface quality of thin wood were studied. Using identical processing parameters, the cherry wood was laser-cut with and without the added gases. Through comparing the cutting width, heat affected zone (HAZ), and surface burning conditions under different gas-assistance conditions, the influence of the added gases on the gasification and combustion of cherry wood was analyzed. When N2 gas was used, the cutting width was less than that of laser direct cutting, but the surface of the burning area did not remarkably improve. Under the same conditions, when He gas was added, the burning areas on both sides of the kerf were remarkably reduced and the consistency of kerf was good. This indicated that He gas had good oxygen isolation and flame-retardant effects. The surface of the kerf was observed with a scanning electron microscope, and addition of He gas remarkably improved the burning that occurred when cutting kerf. This study combined gas processing and laser technology, and it provided technical references for reducing post treatment improving the surface quality of laser-processed wood.
Influence of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) growth rings width on the strength properties of structural sawn timber
Authors: Mankowski Piotr , Burawska-Kupniewska Izabela , Krzosek Slawomir , Grzeskiewicz Marek
Published: August 2021

Annual growth ring width was considered relative to the mechanical properties of timber from the Silesian Forestry Region in Poland. The timber was acquired from raw wood aged approximately 120 years old, with log quality A, B, and C. The study was conducted on 210 pieces of timber; 70 of them were from each part of the log: butt, middle, and top. The tested parameters, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR), were measured on fully dimensional timber (40 × 138 × 3500 mm3) that had been dried and planed in industrial conditions. The density of wood (stereometric method) and annual rings width were calculated after MOR and MOE determination on samples including the entire cross-section cut near the failure zone. The tests revealed that the correlation between the width of growth rings and MOE or MOR depended on the log area: it was the highest for timber from butt logs and the lowest for timber from top logs. Moreover, the correlation between growth ring width and MOE or MOR depended also on the quality class of the logs from which the samples were obtained: it was the highest for timber from class A, and the lowest for class C.
МЕТОДОЛОГІЯ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ФУНКЦІЙ ДЕРЖАВИ В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ
Authors: ГРИЦЕНКО Андрій
Published: August 2021

Показано, що сучасні соціально-економічні трансформації планетарного масштабу суттєво змінюють місце і роль держави в локальному, національному та глобальному вимірах, що посилює важливість обговорення проблем трансформації її функцій в умовах глобалізації. Аргументовано, що глобалізаційні процеси породжують суперечність між інтересами транснаціональних та міжнаціональних структур і політико-економічними інтересами національних держав. Це пов’язано з тим, що частина соціально-економічних процесів усередині країн виходить з-під впливу національної держави, з одного боку, а приватні міжнаціональні структури починають значною мірою визначати перебіг подій у тій чи іншій державі – з іншого.Показано, що емпіричне узагальнення економічних функцій держави має поверховий характер, обґрунтовано логіко-історичну методологію, застосування якої дозволяє зробити висновок, що ринок як механізм погодження приватних інтересів суб’єктів господарювання і держава як втілення загальних економічних інтересів суспільства є комплементарними структурами,Розроблено логіко-історичну методологію, яка, на відміну від емпіричного підходу, містить інші формулювання і класифікаційне групування економічних функцій держави, визначаючи основними з них такі: вираження і представлення загальних економічних інтересів суспільства, забезпечення задоволення економічних потреб суспільства як цілого і захист суспільних економічних інтересів. Уся решта функцій є похідною.У рамках логіко-історичної методології обґрунтовано, що головними напрямами трансформації основних економічних функцій держави є: послаблення монопольної складової її функції в представленні суспільних економічних інтересів і зростання значення в цьому процесі державно-публічно-громадських інститутів; підвищення рівня соціалізації та гуманізації економічних потреб і способів їх задоволення; інтернаціоналізація механізмів захисту економічних інтересів держав. Зазначено, що саме цим напрямам трансформації основних економічних функцій держави має бути приділена відповідна увага науковців, експертів і розробників соціально-економічної політики.
ДЕРЖАВНЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЯК ЧИННИК ПРОТИДІЇ COVID-19
Authors: КОРАБЛІН Сергій
Published: August 2021

Найбільш вдалу боротьбу з COVID-19 демонструють країни з ефективними державними інститутами, критична важливість яких проявилася на всіх етапах протистояння SARS-CoV-2 – від застосування карантинних обмежень, оснащення ковід-лікарень і надання пакетів фінансової допомоги національним економікам до розроблення ковід-вакцин, розгортання їх виробництва і масового щеплення населення аж до формування колективного імунітету.Ці країни є осередком не тільки високоадаптивного бізнесу, а й першокласних наукових центрів і провідних фармацевтичних компаній, що запропонували світові дієві ковід-розробки та їх масове виробництво. Проте швидке застосування цього творчого потенціалу було б неможливим без ефективного державного регулювання. Адже ціна суто ринкової відповіді SARS-CoV-2 є непомірно високою через неминучу втрату часу і людських життів при формуванні приватних фондів, достатніх для початку розробки ковід-вакцин, їх виробництва, масового щеплення і виникнення колективного імунітету.Таким чином, державне регулювання стало ключовим чинником перетворення ковід-вакцин на суспільне благо. Однак через різну якість такого регулювання в різних країнах це благо має ознаки «національності»: першими його отримують заможні країни – розробники ковід-вакцин та їх найближчі партнери, які вирізняються високим рівнем державного управління. Країни ж, позбавлені таких інституційних переваг, виявилися затиснутими COVID-19 і в без того вузькому коридорі їх фінансових можливостей. Причому вихід з цієї пастки нерідко пов'язаний з політичними вимогами, характер яких іноді взагалі не стосується ні SARS-CoV-2, ні національних умов його подолання.
Approximations for the optimization problem for medical microneedle systems
Authors: Sandrakov Gennadiy
Published: August 2021

Microneedle systems are used for transdermal (hypodermic) medicine injections at the treatment of different diseases. The efficiency of using such systems depends significantly on the size and parameters of microneedles. The problem of determining such dependencies and optimal parameters is considered as the problem of optimizing the interaction of microneedle systems with an elastic surface. Minimization problems for integral functional, whose solutions are approximations for solutions to the interaction problem, are obtained by the homogenization theory methods. Such problems are formulated in the form of classical problems with obstacles .
Parameter identification for fractional-fractal model of filtration-consolidation dynamics using artificial neural networks
Authors: Bohaienko Vsevolod , Bulavatsky Volodymy y , Gladky Anatolij
Published: August 2021

Artificial neural networks are applied to solve parameters identification problem for one-dimensional fractional-fractal model of filtration consolidation processes in geo-porous media in the conditions of salt transfer. Based on the indicators of the state of the process in a fixed number of observation points, the values of the orders of fractional derivatives with respect to time and space variables were restored. Testing results based on data sets obtained from noised solutions of the direct problem show the adequacy of fractional derivatives orders restoration with at least 25 observation points and noise levels less than 10%.
Combustão catalítica seletiva de acrilonitrila usando óxidos de cobre, níquel e cério
Authors: Mageste de Melo Laura , Lebron da Silva Paloma Luiza , Dos Santos Oliveira Henrique , Batista Marcelo da Silva
Published: August 2021

A acrilonitrila (ACN) é amplamente usada na produção de borrachas e resinas, mas também considerado um poluente perigoso nos gases de exaustão industrial. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a atividade e seletividade de catalisadores comerciais de óxidos de cobre (CuO), níquel (NiO) e cério (CeO2), na reação de combustão catalítica seletiva de acrilonitrila (SCC-ACN). Esses catalisadores foram caracterizados por difratometria de raios X (DRX) e espectrofotometria no UV-VIS. Os resultados mostraram que CuO, NiO e CeO2 são materiais nanocristalinos que apresentam estruturas e transições de transferência de carga características de óxidos de cobre, níquel e cério, respectivamente. O tamanho médio dos cristalitos está no intervalo de 3,2 e 20,7 nm. O CeO2 foi mais ativo para a SSC-ACN em menor temperatura que CuO e NiO. CeO2 e CuO produziram maior quantidade de N2 e todos os catalisadores produziram NOx, porém, esses foram obtidos em menor quantidade sobre CeO2. Desse modo, conclui-se que CeO2 foi o catalisador mais ativo e de menor produção de NOx na SSC-ACN.
Palavras-chave: Acrilonitrila; oxidação catalítica; catalisadores; seletividade.
A new record of the Cuban endemic mayfly Poecilophlebia pacoi (Kluge, 1994) (Ephe­meroptera, Leptophlebiidae) from Gran Piedra massif, eastern Cuba
Authors: Salazar-Salina Juan Carlos , Torres-Cambas Yusdiel
Published: August 2021

The endemic mayfly Poecilophlebia pacoi Kluge,1994 was described for Turquino massif, Sierra Maestra mountain range, Cuba. So far it was known only from two river catchments within this country. Distribution of Poecilophlebia pacoi extends up to Gran Piedra massif of Sierra Maestra mountain range. The main distinguishing morphological characteristics of the larvae were used for the species recognition. Also previous and new locality are georeferenced and mapped. The new record expands the known distribution range of P. pacoi approximately 55 km to the east and suggests the possibility of finding additional records farther from the type locality.
Learning Speaking Through Communicative Grammar On Systematic Functional Linguistics (SFL)
Authors: Suseno Edy
Published: August 2021

Practicing speaking is very important for students to exchange ideas with others. Although having learned English for the years, many EFL students face problems in delivering the ideas orally. To overcome this kind of problem, an ex post facto research was conducted by observing the students’ scores in two subjects grammar and speaking. The students were in the first semester of the English education major. The research is to find out the material used in teaching grammar to develop speaking learning. To satisfy the aim of this study, the mixed-method was implemented. The data was analyzed qualitatively and confirmed quantitatively by the applying t-test.  From the analysis could be drawn that Using translation-method, podcast, noticing, and conversation in applying the communicative-grammar method enhances the students’ competence in speaking. It is very helpful for the teachers and students to implement it in learning grammar and speaking. It also provides the idea to other researchers to dig some deeper innovation in the same field.
An Analysis of Students’ Attitude in Using Social Media Learning English with Blended Learning
Authors: Karmila Sari Rita , Auliya Risma Nurul
Published: August 2021

This study aims to find out how students' attitudes in using social media in learning English with blended learning. This research is a survey research with quantitative approach. This research was conducted at a private university in East Jakarta. The research population included 87 Informatics Study Program students, consisting of 71 male and 16 female students. The research instrument was in the form of a questionnaire revealing about students' perceptions towards blended learning and the use of social media in learning English, which consisted of three parts, namely: student data (6 items); English learning model choices (7 items); and students' perceptions about the use of social media, including attitudes and problems encountered in learning English (15 items). The research data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test and t-test. The findings showed that the frequency of the use of the internet or electronic media for learning or obtaining information within 1 day affected the attitudes of students in the use of social media in English learning. However, the results of the study also showed there is no significant difference in students' attitudes in using social media in learning English based on their gender.
A Contradiction of the Existence of English in Rural and Urban Pesantren in Indonesia
Authors: Azami Mochamad Imron
Published: August 2021

Pesantren emphasizes the learning on religious knowledge, based on the classical textbook given to Santri (student). Nowadays, pesantren shifts its tradition by providing English program. This shifting occurs as the effort of pesantren to face the challenges of modernization and to fulfill the demands of society. This paper discussed the comparative study of English program implementation history in rural and urban pesantren, the reasons for establishing English program, and santries’(student) response towards English program in pesantren. The result showed that the existence of English program in pesantren, both in rural and urban area, was because the demand of the society. In rural pesantren, the reason why they provided English because they wanted to develop the society surrounded pesantren which are Indonesian Migrant Worker (Tenaga Kerja Indonesia). While in urban area, they provided English program because they were focusing on the development of santries themselves to prepare for the global community.