bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A RELAÇÃO ENTRE A VERDADE E O SER EM TOMÁS DE AQUINO
Authors: Galvão Luiz Henrique Batista
Published: June 2022

Em síntese, este estudo trata de uma análise da resposta de Tomás de Aquino acerca da questão da convertibilidade entre o verdadeiro e o ente, tratada no terceiro artigo da décima sexta questão, situada na primeira parte da obra Summa Theologiae. A metodologia utilizada foi a análise da argumentação do autor, apoiada em textos extraídos de outras obras de sua autoria e na análise das elucidações desenvolvidas por diversos comentadores. Tendo atingido o objetivo de analisar a resposta do autor, foi constatada que a convertibilidade entre o ente e o verdadeiro se dá a partir do reconhecimento da faculdade cognoscente do ente divino.
LIBERDADE EM ERICH FROMM
Authors: Marzagão Feliciano Alves
Published: June 2022

Com o objetivo de elucidar como o conceito de liberdade é desenvolvido na teoria do filósofo e psicanalista contemporâneo Erich Fromm, baseado sobretudo em sua obra intitulada O medo à liberdade, assim como na revisão bibliográfica desse autor e de seus comentadores, esta comunicação apresenta a teoria antropológica do filósofo, de modo a aprofundar-se na concepção frommiana de liberdade, marcada pela ambiguidade que gera um processo dialético de sua expansão e fuga. Os aspectos negativos da liberdade são caracterizados por um sentimento de impotência e solidão e pela fragilidade do ego do indivíduo, o que faz com que o inconsciente humano crie mecanismos de fuga à liberdade: o autoritarismo, a destrutividade e o conformismo de autômatos. Por outro lado, a liberdade é ontológica ao homem, e sua expansão é um processo de individualização e realização humana. Diante dessas contradições existenciais, Erich Fromm propõe que a expressão das potencialidades intelectuais, emocionais e sensoriais do indivíduo, juntamente com transformações econômicas, políticas e culturais na sociedade são a alternativa para a constituição do humanismo.
Vertimas, tekstas, technologijos
Authors: Kasperė Ramunė , Maumevičienė Dainora , Mikelionienė Jurgita , Motiejūnienė Jurgita , Venckienė Dalia
Published: June 2022

Dar niekada žmonės nėra tiek daug rašę, kiek dabar. Kasdien parašome milijardus el. laiškų, trumpųjų žinučių, komentarų internete, rašome tinklaraščius ir atsiliepimus, kuriose dalijamės naujausiais įvykiais, pasiekimais, mokslo laimėjimais ir idėjomis. O kur dar knygos, žurnalai ir žiniasklaida. Tam, kad būtų skatinama globali sklaida, mažinama mokslinė atskirtis, labai svarbu užtikrinti kokybišką vertimą, plėsti dalykinių tekstų vertimo apimtį ir taikyti naujausias technologijas, kurios, kaip pažymi knygos autorės, „labai paspartina vertimo procesą, tačiau kelia ir naujų iššūkių“. KTU mokslininkės – prof. dr. Ramunė Kasperė, doc. dr. Jurgita Mikelionienė, doc. dr. Dainora Maumevičienė, doktorantė Jurgita Motiejūnienė ir lektorė Dalia Venckienė – parengė išsamų vadovėlį „Vertimas, tekstas, technologijos“, kuriame supažindina skaitytojus su pamatinėmis technikos kalbos vertimo kryptimis, metodais ir kitais aktualiais profesijos aspektais. Mokslinis leidinys skirtas vertimo studijų ir kitų filologijos mokslų krypčių studentams, norintiems atnaujinti ir plėsti savo žinias apie dirbtiniu intelektu grįstą mašininį vertimą, postredagavimą ir lokalizaciją. Vadovėlyje pateikiama informacija bus naudinga ir kitų studijų krypčių studentams, besidomintiems įvairiais vertimo metodais, dalykinių tekstų vertimu, vertimo etika.
Amino-acid Based Ferroelectric Nanocomposites from Glycine Sodium Nitrate and Nanodispersed Silicon Dioxide: Preparation, Structure and Electrophysical Properties
Authors: MAI Bich Dung , LUU Thi Nhan , NGO Thi Hoa , NGUYEN Hoai Thuong
Published: June 2022

For the first time, the nanocomposites from glycine sodium nitrate (GSN) and nanoparticles of silicon dioxide (nSiO2) have been synthesized using a slow evaporation technique. Observed that the optimal content of nSiO2 was estimated as 16.7 wt.%, any deviation from which affected the growth of GSN crystals in the composite, phase transition temperature, dielectric constant, and characteristics of dielectric hysteresis loops. All the anomalies will be thoroughly explained with the evidence of structural data of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
Œuvreschutz durch Urheberrecht?
Authors: Sykora Sandra
Published: June 2022

According to the traditional view, copyright protects the "intellectual bond" between the creator and the work. Among other things, the creator must be named as the author of a work, can protect it from modi-fication and decide on its use. Does copyright law also offer him the possibility to distance himself from a work or entire groups of works and to shape the œuvre as he sees fit? This study turns familiar thought patterns on their head. The interest of authors as well as owners such as collectors or museums in attributing and depreciating works of fine art is presented using examples from the art market and examined in terms of copyright. The author's experience from her own consulting practice as a lawyer and art historian is incorporated.
Demokratisierung nach Auschwitz
Authors: Link Fabian
Published: June 2022

Verschwiegenheit, Kooperation und Konflikt: Über die Sozialwissenschaften in Westdeutschland nach 1945.

Die Sozialwissenschaften Westdeutschlands erfuhren von 1945 bis Ende der 1960er Jahre einen massiven Ausbau. Unter amerikanischem Einfluss entstanden neue private Forschungsinstitute und sozialwissenschaftliche Seminare an den Universitäten, nach 1933 geschlossene Institutionen wurden wieder eröffnet. Ausschlaggebend für diese Entwicklung war, dass die Sozialwissenschaften für den nachkriegszeitlichen Demokratisierungsprozess relevantes Wissen bereitstellen konnten: Untersuchungen über das politische Bewusstsein der Deutschen oder die soziale Lage arbeitsloser Jugendlicher boten der demokratischen Erziehungspolitik Orientierung. Für diesen Prozess waren zwei soziale Gruppen innerhalb der westdeutschen Sozialwissenschaften zentral: Sozialwissenschaftler, die aus ihrem Exil nach Westdeutschland zurückkehrten, und solche, die während des NS-Regimes ihre Karrieren begonnen hatten und diese nach 1945 weiterführten. Als repräsentative Vertreter der beiden Gruppen fungieren Max Horkheimer und Helmut Schelsky sowie ihre engsten Mitarbeiter.
Evaluation of Crocin Effect on Contrast-Induced Nephropathy Following Coronary Angiography or Angioplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Shojaei Lida , Esfandiary Shima , Rouzbahani Mohammad , Heydarpour Fatemeh , Bahremand Mostafa , Heidary Moghadam Reza , Mahmoudi Ghazal , Korani Farzaneh , Raissi Farshid , Shahbazi Foroud
Published: June 2022

: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is the third cause of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury. The CIN prophylactic strategies adopted to date, although not highly efficient, are mostly based on antioxidant activity and hydration therapy. This study was designed and conducted to evaluate crocin’s efficacy in the prevention of CIN in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing coronary angiography/angioplasty. In this randomized clinical trial, a total of 110 eligible CKD stage 3 patients requiring contrast agent administration for coronary angiography/angioplasty were enrolled and randomly assigned to either crocin (n = 57) or control (n = 53) group. The patients in both groups received standard hydration therapy; nevertheless, in the crocin group, the patients were also orally administered three consecutive oral doses of 30 mg crocin tablets 1 day before up to 1 day after contrast media (CM) exposure. The primary endpoint was CIN incidence defined as an increase in serum creatinine (SrCr) level by ≥ 0.3 mg/dL or any change in urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) from the baseline within 48 hours of CM exposure. During 4 months, 130 patients were recruited. The mean age of the patients was 65.62 ± 9.05 years, and the majority of them were male (64.54%). The SrCr in the crocin group did not significantly increase within 48 hours of angiography/angioplasty. The changes in the urinary NGAL level were not significant in both groups. The CIN incidence was significantly lower in the crocin group than in the control group (1.75% and 13.2%; P = 0.028). Crocin administration plays an important nephron-protective role in the prevention of CIN.
The Aurochs in the European Pleistocene and Early Holocene Origins, Evidence and Body Size
Authors: Wright Elizabeth
Published: June 2022

This chapter presents an overview of osteological evidence for the aurochs in the European Pleistocene and early Holo- cene. Some of the most important aurochs assemblages from Pleistocene and early Holocene Europe are described, from the time of the earliest evidence of this species on the continent, at around 650,000 years ago, through to the end of the Mesolithic period, setting them within their climatic and cultural context. Information on body size is also presented with a reassessment of previous data using new dates for some sites. Limitations are discussed and possible directions for future research proposed.
The Bovine Deposits from the Chalcolithic Ditched Enclosure of Camino de las Yeseras (Madrid, Spain)
Authors: Liesau Corina , Ríos Patricia , Vega Jorge , Blasco Concepción , Menduiña Roberto , de Chorro María de los Ángeles , Cabrera Cristina , Geigl Eva-Maria , Arteaga Carlos
Published: June 2022

The large Chalcolithic ditched enclosure of Camino de las Yeseras has a number of animal deposits among its numerous features, located in strategic places within the site. The objective of this chapter is to discuss two bovine crania deposits dated to the third millennium BC from a spatial, stratigraphic, and taphonomic perspective, as well as their contextual characteristics. These deposits were placed at strategic locations within the site; the first is near an entrance to a ditched enclosure and the other is possibly related to Bell Beaker features. There is evidence that each of these crania were treated differently. Both were accompanied by a series of artifacts alongside selected anatomical parts from other taxa. Since both deposits represent unique events in time and space, they reveal sequences with a high symbolic value and emphasize the fact that bovines played a relevant role in both the subsistence and symbolic sphere of Camino de las Yeseras and the Chalcolithic communities in central Iberia in general.
Spreadsheet-based software for the analysis of homogeneous and inhomogeneous fracture toughness data sets in accordance with ASTM E1921-21
Authors: Lucon Enrico
Published: June 2022

NIST has developed a user-friendly spreadsheet-based software package for the Master Curve analysis of fracture toughness tests performed in the ductile-to-brittle transition region and the determination of the reference temperature To, in accordance with ASTM E1921-21. The software consists of multiple spreadsheets, which feature several macros that automate most calculations. The software package applies to the analysis of both macroscopically homogeneous and inhomogeneous materials. Complete user's instructions are provided in this report. The software has been successfully validated using several example problems provided in ASTM E1921-21. As in the case of previous software packages developed by the Fatigue and Fracture Group of NIST in Boulder, the spreadsheet will be made freely available to the public by contacting the author of this report (enrico.lucon@nist.gov).
Smart cities and communities :
Authors: Serrano Martin , Griffor Edward , Wollman David , Dunaway Michael , Burns Martin , Rhee Sokwoo , Greer Christopher
Published: June 2022

This publication presents research findings and scientific work that advance the development and progression of smart city and community measurement methodology. The term 'smart,' as used in the phrase 'smart cities,' is defined here as the efficient use of digital technologies to provide prioritized services and benefits to meet community goals. Without reliable measurement methods for 'smart,' there is a gap in the ability to answer questions such as 'how smart is my smart city plan,' or 'how can my community strategy be made smarter?' This report addresses this gap by introducing a measurement framework for assessing the direct and indirect benefits of smart city technologies. The Holistic KPI (H-KPI) Framework builds on conventional Key Performance Indicators (KPI) methods and accounts for unique characteristics such as varying districts and neighborhoods, differences in population and economic scale, the reuse of previously deployed technologies, and other factors relevant to a city or community. The Framework provides the basis for developing measuring methods and tools that allow for integration, adaptability, and extensibility at three interacting levels of analysis i.e. technologies, infrastructure services, and community benefits. The H-KPI method provides a structured representation of smart city/community information flows that supports system visualization, serves as the basis for quantitative metrics for measuring 'smart,' and enables computational methods for systems design, analysis, operations, and assurance. The five core metrics of the method are: alignment of KPIs with community priorities across districts and neighborhoods; investment alignment with community priorities; investment efficiency; information flow density; and quality of infrastructure services and community benefits. Applications of the H-KPI approach include strategic planning, systems design and assurance, and operations management.
Retrato Red de Encarna Sanahuja Yll
Authors: Saez Tajafuerce Begonya , Soler Libran Jana
Published: June 2022

Ofrecemos aquí un retrato que dista de otros por tratarse de un retrato red. Es red en primer lugar porque el retrato mismo se constituye de forma reticular, emergiendo entre los hilos enredados de los múltiples testimonios que generosa y amablemente se han dado cita en estas páginas y de materiales de procedencia diversa que también han contribuido a tramarlo. Así, por un lado, contamos con la producción de la misma Encarna Sanahuja Yll, que constituye una referencia ineludible para la consideración de su aportación crítica desde el feminismo radical a un ámbito de estudio incipiente en la programación universitaria reglada. Por otro lado, contamos con testimonios orales y escritos, voces y textos, que provienen en parte de otros retratos de Encarna Sanahuja Yll -como los que se elaboraron en ocasión de su fallecimiento, en enero de 2010, entre los cuales destaca el elaborado por su amiga Isabel Franc- y, en parte, de imágenes, de recopilaciones actuales de material gráfico y de hemeroteca. En segundo lugar, este es un retrato red porque en él figuramos las múltiples redes que urdiera nuestra protagonista. Hemos procurado organizarlas en torno a tres nudos centrales que sostienen una red íntima, una red profesional y una red activista.
Una Red con Género: entramados de institucionalización, espacio pedagógico, impulso de ciencia feminista e impacto pro igualdad, a través de un testimonio histórico-político
Authors: Gamboa Solís Flor de María
Published: June 2022

El presente artículo reflexiona en torno a la Red de Enlaces Académicos de Género en la UMSNH, a través de un testimonio histórico-político que se bifurca en cuatro vías: 1) el proceso de institucionalización: ventajas, concesiones y escisiones; 2) su capacidad como espacio de encuentro pedagógico entre mujeres: más allá del “feministómetro”; 3) su poder de convocatoria para el obraje científico: incitación a la construcción interdisciplinaria de ciencia feminista; y, 4) su repercusión y participación en la construcción de políticas institucionales de igualdad de género en la UMSNH.

Concluye que el principal logro de la REAG ha sido la transformación de las mentalidades individuales ocurridas a través de procesos colectivos de intercambio entre sus integrantes, en los que tanto actividades de docencia e investigación como acciones de nuestra vida cotidiana han sido coloreadas de violeta, dignificando las experiencias y saberes que emanan de la diferencia femenina.
La atención a mujeres en situación de violencia machista desde la singularidad de cada una: del síntoma social al caso por caso
Authors: Vaquero Merediz Lidia
Published: June 2022

Comprometida con el objetivo de conseguir una sociedad donde las mujeres y todo aquello asociado a lo femenino no sea objeto de segregación ni violencia, la asociación El Safareig, pasa del activismo inicial a ofrecer servicios de atención a mujeres. Este proceso de profesionalización en la escucha no ha sido sin orientación, ya que el encuentro con el psicoanálisis lacaniano, ha proporcionado un marco de interrogación y de interpretación indispensable del malestar del sujeto contemporáneo. A partir de dialogar con algunos discursos feministas, ha puesto en cuestión La Mujer universal del feminismo como ideal y, por lo tanto, también de lo que se espera de La Mujer Maltratada. Homogeneizar lo que les pasa a las mujeres puede producir el efecto de obturar la pregunta por su implicación en ello. Si lo social se inscribe en cada una de forma particular, la escucha tendrá que ser una por una.
Healing the wounds - personal reflections on the evolution of therapeutic methods for survivors of torture
Authors: Agger Inger
Published: June 2022

A personal reflection from the past to the present on Inger Agger's work with trauma as a researcher, clinician and international trainer over the last 30 years. 
With the arrival in Denmark of torture survivors from Latin America in the nineteen seventies and eighties, therapists faced the challenge of how best to accompany the survivors in their healing processes. The New Left and Feminism were important political movements which influenced the therapeutic approaches discussed at that time. In the author’s meeting with Latin American colleagues, a dialogue about therapeutic methods was further developed with an emphasis on the connection between “Human Rights and Mental Health”. The civil war in the Balkans in the nineties brought new challenges: the development of psychosocial community interventions as well as an intensification of the debate between the “medical” and psychosocial approaches to trauma healing. Cooperation during the last decade with NGOs in e.g., India, Cambodia, and Honduras brought new and more holistic perspectives on therapy represented by a brief version of Testimonial Therapy that sought to integrate cultural and spiritual traditions as well as “third wave” cognitive methods.
Looking back at experiences from 30 years with documentation and prevention of torture
Authors: Petersen Hans Draminsky
Published: June 2022

Contribution to the 30th Anniversary of the Torture Journal by Dr. Hans Draminsky Petersen. The author describes his more than 30-years’ of experience in conducting monitoring visits to detention centres in different countries with an analytical perspective on the elements that perpetuate torture.
Control-Focused Behavioral Treatment: A brief intervention for survivors of war and torture
Authors: Basoglu Metin
Published: June 2022

This article briefly reviews the evolution and evidence-base of Control-Focused Behavioral Treatment (CFBT), largely self-helpbased treatment that involves no cognitive interventions,  focuses solely on reducing avoidance behaviors through self-exposure to anxiety-evoking trauma cues, and, unlike other interventions, aims to enhance sense of control over traumatic stressors, rather than anxiety reduction. As such, it is radicallydifferent from other interventions in both theory and practice. Our studies have shown improvement rates of 80%-85% with a single treatment session in earthquake survivors. When administered in an average of 6 sessions in war and torture survivors, it achieved 82% reduction in posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSD), leaving 97% of the cases nearly asymptomatic or with only mild PTSD symptoms. Meta-analytical comparisons suggest that such  improvement rates are substantially higher than those achieved byother evidence-based treatments.
30 years of solitary confinement: what has changed, and what still needs to happen
Authors: Shalev Sharon
Published: June 2022

Solitary confinement cells are where those considered to be too dangerous to themselves or to others, too troublesome, too mentally unwell, or simply different, will be locked away, spending 22-24 hours a day alone, out of sight and out of mind.
Solitary confinement is an extreme and harmful practice on the cusp of prohibited treatment of people deprived of their liberty, with potentially grave consequences for the individuals concerned and the societies to which they eventually return.     
This article reflects on some of the achievements, and remaining challenges, around the use and regulation of solitary confinement practices internationally in the last 30 years, drawing on recent developments and the author’s work in the area.
30 years on: A brave new world or an unfolding disaster?
Authors: Turner Stuart
Published: June 2022

In this short essay, the focus is on social and political aspects of  forced migration. It is argued that policies designed to restrict access to developed countries have, rather like the American “prohibition”, produced a thriving criminal market for smugglers, in this case of people. Making travel more difficult increases both their profits and the sophistication of their methods. Provision of targeted, properly controlled, support for refugees in countriesneighbouring conflict zones might help to reduce the pressure on travel to Europe and could be both more successful and more humanitarian. For those who do reach developed countries, there is scope to improve the legal decision-making process. Psychologicalinput should include scientific investigation of legal assumptions, and the provision of relevant expert literature reviews, for exampleconcerning modern knowledge of memory. Trust is the first casualty of repressive violence, and mistrust among opposition groups is probably one of the key mechanisms of its success. We need to make sure that we do not provide further grounds for this sort of reaction. Although there is no brave or new world ahead, we must continue to confront ignorance and prejudice, as we seek to avoid more humanitarian disasters. It is now just over thirty years since we published a potential framework for understanding how survivors of organised state violence react to complex and severe trauma (Turner & Gorst-Unsworth, 1990). We argued that no single psychological process underpins the reactions to this experience, and therefore, there can be no unitary torture syndrome, but rather a series of understandable psychological pathways activated to varying degrees by different experiences, leading to diversity of emotional response, with implications for recovery and treatment. We also asked family doctors about health needs of refugees  (Ramsay & Turner, 1993), and it is wonderful to see how the evidence on treatment options has developed since then, especially in recent years. In this paper, looking back over the last thirty years, in celebration of the anniversary of Torture journal, I will focus on political, legal and forensic aspects of forced migration.
Refugee children’s mental health and development - A public health problem in Europe
Authors: Montgomery Edith
Published: June 2022

Knowledge about refugee children’s mental health has developed considerably during the last 30 years. From believing that children’s reactions largely depend on their parents, it has become clear that children are influenced both by their own experiences, by the reactions of their caregivers and by the social environment in which they live. While psychological problems are frequent in children close to arrival in exile, follow-up studies have shown that the magnitude of the problems is reduced over time. Aspects of social life as well as stressful events in exile seem to be of paramount importance for children’s ability to recover from early traumatization. Prolonged asylum procedures, temporary residence permits, delayed family reunifications, many school-moves and xenophobic attitudes is counteracting healthy development. The results of research on refugee children and youth indicate the existence of a large public health problem which calls for policy change and political action.
Reflections on an international engagement in the fight against torture
Authors: Døcker Henrik
Published: June 2022

Contribution to the 30th Anniversary of the Torture Journal by Henrik Døcker. The author describes some of the early beginnings of the RCT and Torture Journal.
The Committee Against Torture tackles violence against women: A conceptual and political journey
Authors: Sveaass Nora , Gaer Felice
Published: June 2022

In this article, we will examine how the official treaty monitoring body, the Committee against Torture, demonstrated that violenceagainst women was indeed a serious human rights problem that fell squarely within the preview of the Convention against Torture.Because States parties to the Convention are required to report about their compliance with the Convention routinely, the Committee developed a substantial database on national practices and policies. In the course of examining these periodic reports of States parties, and then consolidating findings and conclusionsinto two general comments, the UN Committee Against Torture integrated violence against women in its jurisprudence ontorture and ill-treatment by showing that existing provisions could and did incorporate the obligation to protect against and provideredress for torture and ill-treatment directed against women. Initiatives to raise these issues show how the Committee “placed the range of gender violence—from public to private – squarely within the frame of the Torture Convention” (Copelon, 2008, 242). The article will recall how the adoption of two general commentsto the Convention firmly integrated gender-based violence as a subject of concern under the Convention: General comment no2 (2008) addressed Article 2 on the State obligation to prevent torture and ill-treatment and General comment no 3 (2012) focusedon Article 14 which concerns the obligation to provide redress to victims of torture. Both authors have been members of the Committee during these important years, and it is our aim to provide an overview of the significant processes and decisions taken by the CAT that resulted in the strengthening of the  Committee’s inclusiveness and comprehensiveness in the struggle to prevent torture. Finally, we will reflect on some future challengesfaced by main anti-torture body/ies as part of global efforts to fight violence against women.
Voices from a long journey: Introducing the 30th anniversary special issue
Authors: Pérez-Sales Pau
Published: June 2022

Introduction to the 30th Anniversary Special Issue in commemoration of the 30 years of the Torture Journal by the Editor-in-Chief, Pau Pérez-Sales.
A faster algorithm for maximum independent set on interval filament graphs
Authors: Best Darcy , Ward Max
Published: June 2022

We provide an algorithm requiring only $O(N^2)$ time to compute the maximum weight independent set in an $N$-vertex interval filament graph. This implies an $O(N^4)$-time algorithm to compute the maximum weight induced matching in such graphs. Both algorithms significantly improve upon the previous best complexities for these problems. Previously, the maximum weight independent set and maximum weight induced matching problems required $O(N^3)$ and $O(N^6)$ time respectively.
Successful treatment of acne scars
Authors:   Dertmart Clinic Budapest, Baranyai Fanni , Czirbesz Kata , Cakir Ugur , Haller Ákos , Pónyai Katinka
Published: June 2022

Acne vulgaris is a very common skin disease that mainly affects the face, back of younger patients. Complications often include scarring of the skin, which can cause extreme psychological strain on the affected patients, and may even lead to deterioration of their social relationships. From a dermatological point of view, the treatment of acne scars is a challenge, as there are many treatment methods available, but none of them provide perfect results. Here we would like to present three patients have been treated successfully with acne scars, along with a brief overview of the development of acne scars and possible therapeutic modalities.
Dermatologic aspects of NF1: revised diagnostic criteria and new therapeutic modalities
Authors:   Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine Department of Dermatology Venereology and Dermatooncology, Pálla Sára , Lőrincz Kende , Bánvölgyi András , Medvecz Márta
Published: June 2022

Neurofibromatosis type 1 is one of the most important autosomal dominant syndromes occurring in the dermatological practice. The authors summarise up-to-date knowledge on neurofibromatosis type 1, focusing on the dermatologic manifestations. In recent years, the diagnostic criteria of the disease were revised based on an international consensus recommendation. Furthermore, a new therapeutic modality has become available for the treatment of inoperable plexiform neurofibroma in children. The authors also summarise the most important dermatologic features of NF1-like syndromes.
DPC Digital Preservation Competency Framework
Authors:   Digital Preservation Coalition, McMeekin Sharon , Currie Amy
Published: June 2022

A competency framework detailing the skills and knowledge needed to undertaken digital preservation activities
Unidirectional propagation control of helical edge states in topological spin photonic crystals
Authors: Sui Wen-Jie , Zhang Yu , Zhang Zi-Rui , Wang Xiao-Long , Zhang Hong-Fang , Shi Qiang , Yang Bing ,   School of Physical Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China,   Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng 252000, China
Published: June 2022

The unidirectional propagation of the pseudospin-locked optical waves can be achieved by using the helical edge states in two-dimensional topological spin photonic crystals. Although there have been lots of researches on topological spin photonic crystal, the unidirectional propagation regulation of helical edge states has been rarely studied up to now. Herein, by tuning the diameter D of the dielectric rod and the distance R between the center of the unit cell and the center of the rod in two-dimensional topological spin photonic crystal with C6v symmetry, the effects of geometric parameters on the bandgap structure, topological properties and unidirectional propagation of helical edge states in topological spin photonics crystals are studied in detail. The results show that the parameter R has significant effects on the bandgap structure and topological properties of topological spin photonic crystal, and the diameter D of rod only affects the bandgap positions. The structures of helical edge states and their unidirectional propagations are closely related to the topological properties of the bandgaps and the frequency structures of photonic crystals on both sides of boundary. Without changing the topological properties of bandgaps, only changing the structures of the photonics crystals on either side of the boundary can also regulate the structures of the helical edge states and their unidirectional propagation. Thus, by adjusting the geometric parameters R and D of the topological spin photonic crystals, the helical edge states and their unidirectional propagations can be controlled. This study provides useful references for the selection and application of helical edge states in topological spin photonic crytals.
Phase demodulation of fiber vibration sensing by modified ellipse fitting algorithm based on local outlier factor optimization
Authors: Zhang Ling-Chun , Jiang Hai-Ming , Zhang Jun-Xi , Xie Kang ,   School of Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China,   State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China,   School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
Published: June 2022

In the existing ellipse fitting algorithms, the Lissajous figure is used to solve the demodulation error caused by the non-ideal 3×3 couplers. However, the influence of circuit noise and phase noise on Lissajous figure are not fully considered in the studies. In this work, an ellipse fitting demodulation method based on local outlier factor (LOF) algorithm is proposed, which can effectively eliminate the outlier points in Lissajous figure caused by noises. The proposed method proves to achieve the accurate demodulation of the signals by numerical simulations. In addition, the Monte Carlo analysis is used to obtain the comprehensive error rate of about 0.13%, which verifies the stability of the proposed method. Compared with the traditional least square fitting method, this method improves the stability and accuracy of demodulated signals.
Decoding the activated stem cell phenotype of the neonatally maturing pituitary
Authors: Laporte Emma , Hermans Florian , De Vriendt Silke , Vennekens Annelies , Lambrechts Diether , Nys Charlotte , Cox Benoit , Vankelecom Hugo
Published: June 2022

The pituitary represents the endocrine master regulator. In mouse, the gland undergoes active maturation immediately after birth. Here, we in detail portrayed the stem cell compartment of neonatal pituitary. Single-cell RNA-sequencing pictured an active gland, revealing proliferative stem as well as hormonal (progenitor) cell populations. The stem cell pool displayed a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype, characteristic of development-involved tissue stem cells. Organoid culturing recapitulated the stem cells’ phenotype, interestingly also reproducing their paracrine activity. The pituitary stem cell-activating interleukin-6 advanced organoid growth, although the neonatal stem cell compartment was not visibly affected in Il6−/− mice, likely due to cytokine family redundancy. Further transcriptomic analysis exposed a pronounced WNT pathway in the neonatal gland, shown to be involved in stem cell activation and to overlap with the (fetal) human pituitary transcriptome. Following local damage, the neonatal gland efficiently regenerates, despite absence of additional stem cell proliferation, or upregulated IL-6 or WNT expression, all in line with the already high stem cell activation status, thereby exposing striking differences with adult pituitary. Together, our study decodes the stem cell compartment of neonatal pituitary, exposing an activated state in the maturing gland. Understanding stem cell activation is key to potential pituitary regenerative prospects.
Niche-specific genome degradation and convergent evolution shaping Staphylococcus aureus adaptation during severe infections
Authors: Giulieri Stefano G , Guérillot Romain , Duchene Sebastian , Hachani Abderrahman , Daniel Diane , Seemann Torsten , Davis Joshua S , Tong Steven YC , Young Bernadette C , Wilson Daniel J , Stinear Timothy P , Howden Benjamin P
Published: June 2022

During severe infections, Staphylococcus aureus moves from its colonising sites to blood and tissues and is exposed to new selective pressures, thus, potentially driving adaptive evolution. Previous studies have shown the key role of the agr locus in S. aureus pathoadaptation; however, a more comprehensive characterisation of genetic signatures of bacterial adaptation may enable prediction of clinical outcomes and reveal new targets for treatment and prevention of these infections. Here, we measured adaptation using within-host evolution analysis of 2590 S. aureus genomes from 396 independent episodes of infection. By capturing a comprehensive repertoire of single nucleotide and structural genome variations, we found evidence of a distinctive evolutionary pattern within the infecting populations compared to colonising bacteria. These invasive strains had up to 20-fold enrichments for genome degradation signatures and displayed significantly convergent mutations in a distinctive set of genes, linked to antibiotic response and pathogenesis. In addition to agr-mediated adaptation, we identified non-canonical, genome-wide significant loci including sucA-sucB and stp1. The prevalence of adaptive changes increased with infection extent, emphasising the clinical significance of these signatures. These findings provide a high-resolution picture of the molecular changes when S. aureus transitions from colonisation to severe infection and may inform correlation of infection outcomes with adaptation signatures.
Droplet distribution in cotton canopy using single-rotor and four-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Meng Yanhua , Ma Yan , Wang Zhiguo , Hu Hongyan
Published: June 2022

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are widely used as the sprayers for low-volume pesticide application in recent years. Droplet distribution characteristics of UAV spraying in the cotton canopy have notable effect on the biological control efficacy of the targets and the defoliation efficiency of the harvest aids. In this work, the influences on droplet distribution in the cotton canopy with respect to the flight height, forward mode, and spraying volume were evaluated by conducting the field trials during two cotton growth stages in 2020, respectively. The first field trial was performed in the cotton flowering stage and the second one was conducted in the early boll development stage. Two typical UAVs equipped with a single-rotor and four-rotor, respectively, were adopted as the spraying platforms in this work. Droplet deposition obtained by water sensitive papers (WSPs) clipped on the cotton leaves was considered as the observing metric. All cotton leaves in the canopy were divided into three groups (i.e., upper, middle, and bottom layers) in both trials. Furthermore, the cotton canopy was divided as eight directions to assess the droplet distribution in the canopy from different directions. The results showed that the droplet deposition varied remarkable between the treatments and in the same canopy within a treatment. The upper layer obtained higher droplet deposition than those of the middle and bottom layers and plants P4 to P8 accessed more droplets than those of the remaining sampling plants in most treatments of both trials for the two UAVs. The upper layer droplet deposition of the four-rotor UAV treatments outperformed that of the single-rotor treatments under the same operating parameters. The forward modes rarely affected the droplet distribution of the four-rotor UAV treatments but significantly influenced that of the single-rotor UAV treatments. For the single-rotor UAV spraying with “head forward”, the droplet distribution of the treatment with a flight height of 2 m was more even than that of the 1 and 3 m in the first trial. Under the same flight height, droplet deposition of the treatments with a spraying volume of 22.5 L ha−1 was remarkably higher than that of the 12 L ha−1 for both forward modes in the second trial. “Tail forward” of the single-rotor UAV treatment had better penetration at a flight height of 2 m in both trials. Therefore, for the single-rotor UAV, under a flight height of 2 m and a spraying volume of 22.5 L ha−1, “tail forward” was recommended for applying pesticides to control targets at the lower canopy and “head forward” was a better choice for harvest aid application. Four-rotor UAV was a suitable adoption for the harvest aid application and controlling the targets of the upper canopy. The results also indicate that the systemic pesticides are recommended for UAV spraying due to its uneven droplet distribution uniformity in the whole cotton canopy.
Focused Ultrasonography in COVID-19: A Prospective Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mathew Manju , Kalliath Antony
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires adaptation of the care delivery process. Since the point of care ultrasonography (USG) is an essential diagnostic tool that aids in making clinical management decisions in a short time, wider adoption of USG by general health practitioners dealing with COVID-19 patients across the country could improve the care delivery process in a pandemic scenario. A simple diagnostic algorithm of USG limited to two echo views was proposed for ease of training and broader adoption of the technique. The study analysed the efficacy of focused USG in COVID-19 using this approach for diagnosing and managing critically ill COVID-19 patients. Aim: To determine the concordance between ultrasonographic diagnosis based on a focused algorithm and clinical diagnosis in COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 58 COVID-19 positive patients admitted to the COVID19 Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a tertiary care hospital, in Kerala, India from October 2020 to March 2021. The inclusion criteria were age 18 years or above, hypoxaemia (SpO2 <94%) and hypotension (systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg). Apical four chamber and subcostal views were captured using a phased array probe (1.7-4 Hz). The cause of hypoxaemia or hypotension was diagnosed based on an algorithm constructed with Echocardiographic (ECHO) findings in COVID-19. A clinical diagnosis was made, laboratory data, and chest radiograph. Agreement between ultrasonographic and clinical diagnosis was assessed using the Cohen’s Kappa inter-rater coefficient. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used for the statistical analysis. Results: Mean age of the population was 65.6±17.3 years, and the male to female ratio was 1.5:1. Clinical diagnoses were categorised into six groups. The agreement between the ultrasonographic and the clinical diagnoses was substantial (95.1%), with Kappa 0.905 (0.851-0.959). The median time taken for image acquisition was 30 seconds (IQR 30, 60). Additional views performed for lungs and vessels did not change the clinical diagnosis or management. Conclusion: The proposed technique is simple yet effective for clinical management decisions. It has the potential for improving patient care delivery on a larger scale, since it reduces the time lag in instituting therapy
Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Thoracic Erector Spinae Plane, Thoracic Paravertebral and Thoracic Epidural Blocks for Pain Management after Nephrectomy
Authors: Moharam Saad A. , Elkeblawy Amera M. , Marouf Hesham M. , Elnoamany Thanaa M.
Published: June 2022

Background: Thoracic epidural and paravertebral blocks carry many risks and hazardous complications when performed for adequate pain management after nephrectomy. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of Erector Spinae block (ESB) as an alternative block compared to thoracic paravertebral (TPVB) and epidural block (TEB) for pain management after nephrectomy.

Methods: This prospective randomized single-blinded controlled study was conducted on 105 adult patients undergoing elective nephrectomy. Patients were randomized into 3 groups (35 patients in each). Group I: ESB, group II: TPVB and group III TEB done at the same level and using the same LA mixture. Postoperative pain evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS) meperidine (0.5 mg/kg) was given when VAS ≥ 4.

Results: Intraoperative hypotension and bradycardia were observed at 30 minutes (min) in group III with a significant difference when compared to other groups (P <0.001). Early first rescue analgesia & high analgesic consumption after surgery was noticed in group III.

Conclusion: US-guided thoracic ESB produced adequate analgesia for nephrectomy.
Determinant macroeconomic factors for consumers´ default in Brazil
Authors: Melo Marcelo Miranda , Gomes José Weligton Félix
Published: June 2022

This research investigated major macroeconomic factors for consumers´ default in the Brazilian economy. The methodology applied was VAR analysis with Granger causality and impulse response function approaches. Moreover, found out what economic theory stream is applicable to the Brazilian economy with respect this issue. Results pointed out unemployment rate, credit availability and expectation rate the most sensitive macroeconomic variables to consumers´ default rate in Brazil. An employment rate shock of +23.14% will provoke a sharp increase of +66,66% in consumers´ default rate. On the other side, credit availability shock of +15.06% will contribute to -32,40% effect in consumers´ default rate. An optimistic shock of expectation rate of +14.50% will indicate -25,50% effect in consumers´ default rate. Monetary policy seems to affect consumers´ default rate through interest rates, however inflation seems to be an irrelevant factor to this ratio. Main results also suggest that credit, GDP and consumers´ expectation rate is fully linked to consumers´ default rate in the opposite direction. Interest rates and unemployment rate are also linked to consumers´ default rate in the same direction.
The effect of material assignment in nasal cavity on dose calculation for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) using Acuros XB
Authors: Cheung Michael L. M. , Chow Vivian U. Y. , Kan Monica W. K. , Chan Anthony T. C.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of material assignment in nasal cavity on dose calculation for the volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) using Acuros XB (AXB) algorithm.

Methods

The VMAT plans of 30 patients with NPC were calculated using AXB with material auto‐assignment of nasal cavity to lung and reassignment to air respectively. The doses to the planning target volumes (PTVs) overlapping with nasal cavity with material auto‐assignment of lung (AXB_Lung) were compared to the values obtained when nasal cavity was reassigned to air (AXB_Air) under the dose‐to‐medium (Dm) reporting mode of AXB.

Results

For dose calculated under AXB_Lung, the D98%, D2%, and Dmean of the PTV69.96_Air Cavity (PTV of prescription dose 69.96 Gy overlapping with nasal cavity) were on average 16.1%, 1.6%, and 8.6% larger than that calculated under AXB_Air, respectively. Up to 19.5% difference in D98%, 3% difference in D2%, and 11.2% difference in Dmean were observed in the worst cases for PTV69.96. Similar trend was observed for the PTV5940_Air Cavity, in which the D98%, D2%, and Dmean calculated under AXB_Lung were on average 14.7%, 2.5%, and 10.2% larger than that calculated under AXB_Air, respectively. In the worst cases, the difference observed in D98%, D2%, and Dmean could be up to 17.7%, 4.5%, and 12.7%, respectively.

Conclusions

Significant dose difference calculated by AXB between the material assignment of lung and air in nasal cavity for NPC cases might imply the possibility of underdosage to the PTVs that overlap with inhomogeneity. Therefore, attention should be put to ensure that accurate material assignment for dose calculation under AXB such that optimal dosage was given for tumor control.
Manipulation of Fluid Convection by Surface Lattice Resonance
Authors: Jing Zhimin , Yu Peng , Movsesyan Artur , Ma Cuiping , Li Peihang , Zhu Yisong , Govorov Alexander O. , Neogi Arup , Wang Zhiming
Published: June 2022

The capability of plasmonic metasurfaces (PMs) under illumination to generate heat and induce fluid convection is a promising building approach for optofluidic applications. However, the low quality (Q)‐factor in PMs introduced into optofluidic applications remains a challenging problem. In this paper, a PM optofluidic platform based on surface lattice resonance (SLR) with a highQ‐factor is proposed. Numerical results demonstrate that SLR‐based metasurfaces can manipulate the convective flow of fluid at the nanoscale, with theQ‐factor approaching 138. Moreover, compared to the localized surface plasmon resonance‐based metasurface, the SLR‐based metasurfaces exhibit improved absorption, temperature rise, and flow velocity performance. In particular, the absorption coefficient at the SLR peak in an adequately designed PM can be close to unity. This study reveals that SLR is an efficient and alternative method to manipulate the fluid flow, and paves the way to flexible wavelength‐scale devices for optofluidic applications.