bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing translation pedagogy through culture-specific terms
Authors: Sanesi Matteo
Published: April 2024

Culture-specific terms refer to words or phrases that hold unique meanings within a particular cultural context. These expressions represent the essence of a culture’s beliefs and values, often lacking direct equivalents in other languages. The presence of such words and word clusters poses challenges in communication and translation, hindering accurate understanding of ideas across linguistic and cultural boundaries. This discrepancy can lead to frustration, misreadings, and involuntary cultural insensitivity among translators-in-training. To address this problem, it is essential to adopt a multifaceted approach capable of exploring the potential of culture-specific terms from different perspectives, aimed at understanding the usage and importance of culture-specific terms, the problems they pose when translation pedagogy is concerned, and their correct assimilation in a classroom environment. The aim of this study is to bring awareness to culture-specific terms as unique, distinctive entities within a language. Future translators should recognize and respect culture-specific terms as integral components of language, reflective of diverse cultural contexts; they must be shown how to acquire a deep understanding of both the source and target cultures, enabling them to accurately interpret the nuances of culture-specific terms. Having teachers who are also professional translators actively involved in the training process can significantly enhance the learning experience of novice translators. Their first-hand practical experience with culture-specific terms equips them with invaluable insights that they can impart to students. The scientific novelty of this study lies in its potential to establish a robust and universally applicable outline for comprehending the significance of culture-specific terms. Such a framework is particularly vital, given the inherent subjectivity within the discipline of translation, juxtaposed with the imperative in pedagogy for clear and universally comprehensible practices. Employing techniques such as cultural adaptation, explanation, or contextualization can aid in bridging the gap between cultures and facilitating effective communication. Our results indicate that a general theory of pedagogy capable of encompassing every facet of translation studies is an unlikely scenario to this day; however, it is feasible to develop a tailored theory by anchoring it in culture-specific terminology and frameworks. Through this process, educators and experts will be able to attribute the proper relevance to cultural nuances throughout the training of novice translators. Culture profoundly influences language, as evidenced by the presence of terms specific to particular cultures, which reflect unique worldviews and perspectives. Considering these elements early on in the career of new translators will enable them to produce more accurate and relevant translations, lowering the likelihood of mistranslation and promoting intercultural understanding.
Media image of a veterinary doctor in Russian mass media (based on the data from the Russian National Corpus)
Authors: Abrosimova Ekaterina Alekseevna , Kravchenko Yulia Dmitrievna
Published: April 2024

The research aims to reconstruct the media image of a veterinarian aimed at identifying the peculiarities of veterinary discourse recognized and transmitted by Russian mass media. The paper employs the cognitive modeling methodology involving an analysis of the system of conceptual models with signifiers such as ‘ветеринар’ (veterinarian), ‘ветеринарный врач’ (veterinary doctor), ‘ветврач’ (vet) and its interpretation. The work examines the linguistic representation of conceptual dominants at the lexico-semantic level, identifying the basic conceptual features of the object. Three main roles of a veterinarian presented in the media, i.e., a doctor, an expert, and a scientist, are identified and analyzed. The research is novel in that it is the first to provide a linguistic description of the contemporary media image of a veterinary doctor based on journalistic contexts captured in the Russian National Corpus. As a result, the work reveals that the most developed image in the media is that of a veterinary doctor, concentrating the values of veterinary discourse and exhibiting the distinguishing features of appearance and behavior. The role of a veterinarian-expert is the most frequently recorded one in the media, characterized by stereotypical and abstract speech. The role of a veterinarian-scientist is the least common one in media discourse, with its media image not fully developed and represented by standard speech formulas. Conclusions are drawn regarding the perceptions of veterinarians in the media compared to their self-identification and literary portrayals. Overall, the media construct a stereotypical image of a veterinary doctor as an animal lover and savior, which largely fails to reflect essential values of veterinary discourse such as customer orientation, professional solidarity, and academic rigor.
Grammaticalization of pronouns ‘you’ and ‘Sie’ in English and German
Authors: Avagyan Asmik Armenovna
Published: April 2024

The research aims to prove the similarity of the processes of grammaticalization of personal pronouns, used as a polite form of address to one person, in two Germanic languages of different structure, English and German. Scientific originality of this research lies in the fact that the grammaticalization paths of the English and German pronouns ‘you’ and ‘Sie’ have been studied for the first time, with their etymology being analyzed and grammaticalization mechanisms being compared. The research findings have shown that the processes of grammaticalization of the pronouns under study are similar and caused by the same mechanisms: the desemanticization of original lexical items and the context extension. In both languages, as a result of grammaticalization, no changes have been identified on the morphological and phonetic levels. Grammaticalization caused the pronouns ‘you’ and ‘Sie’ to be used as a polite form of address to one person, spelt and pronounced as second- and third-person singular and plural pronouns ‘you’ and ‘sie’ ‘she, they’. The research proves the similarity of the processes of grammaticalization of the personal pronouns under study in two languages of different structure belonging to the same language group. This similarity is due to their common meaning.
Ivan Turgenev’s novella “First Love”: On the borders of idyll
Authors: Anisimova Alexandra Naumovna , Efremova Yulia Ivanovna
Published: April 2024

The paper is dedicated to analysing Ivan Turgenev’s novella “First Love” (1860), which has not undergone detailed philological scrutiny before. The research aims to identify the border phenomena of the idyllic discourse and its specificity. The scientific novelty of the paper lies in examining the boundaries of the idyllic through the analysis of characters, chronotopes, and the motif system in the novella. The research findings revealed that in Turgenev’s work, all types of idyll – rural, familial, and romantic – are seemingly present, but they are only represented at the level of genre-specific features (beautiful nature, youthful age, first love). The novella represents a recollection, reflection, a turn to the “golden age” of the hero’s youth, his first infatuation, thus demonstrating elegiac traits. Through the lens of idyllic images, motifs, and details of the chronotope, their quasi-significance is seen. Semantic signs (the garden, linden trees, alleys) serve as substitutes for unrequited love. Details of “locus amoenus” are merely symbols linking the author’s work to the idyllic tradition, but in reality, they deviate from reader expectations and demonstrate the opposite of an idyllic world perception.
The English-language linguocultural scenario “Marketing”: Structural and semantic features of linguistic units
Authors: Belyakova Ol’ga Vladimirovna , Pyrkina Natalia Alexandrovna , Sergeeva Margarita Viktorovna
Published: April 2024

The aim of the study is to identify the structural and semantic features of the linguistic units that are the means of linguistic representation of the English-language linguocultural scenario “Marketing”. The paper sheds light on the notion of a “linguocultural scenario”, describes the frame structure of the scenario by highlighting the supporting concepts and sub-concepts. The scientific novelty of the study consists in considering the English-language linguocultural scenario “Marketing”, which has not previously become the object of research, as a cognitive scheme of a speech situation using an integrated cognitive and cultural approach to linguistic material. As a result of the study, the predominance of structurally separable nominal linguistic units was determined, they are represented by non-prepositional constructions, two-component phrases with a deverbal substantive as a core element, means of compressive word formation and two-word verb phrases. Affixal agentive nouns, compound nouns denoting types of goods and basic terms of the marketing sphere, emotionally charged adjectives used in describing the qualities of goods and services, verbs of the business sphere and “highly specialized verbs” of the marketing domain predominate among structurally inseparable linguistic units.
Applying analytic hierarchy process for site selection of a recreational-educational children complex in Shiraz City, Iran
Authors: Abdollahi Maryam , Faizi Mohsen , Naghibi Maryam
Published: April 2024

The development of educational-recreational complexes for children has a significant impact on their cognitive growth and behaviour. Proper site selection is essential to ensure the success of such projects. This paper aims to identify the best location for a children’s educational-recreational complex in Shiraz, Iran. The study used a descriptive-comparative and survey method to determine effective criteria for site selection. A questionnaire was administered to experts in architecture, urban design, and planning to identify appropriate sites. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was then employed to select the best location. The hierarchical model included three levels: goal (educational-recreational site selection), criteria (natural potential, accessibility, land size, neighbourhood and social context, expansibility, appropriate land use (the neighbourhood between proposed and master plan land use)), and three alternative sites. The results showed that a site located near residential areas, green spaces, and natural elements is suitable for the development of an educational-recreational complex for children. The study recommends the use of the SWOT (strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) - AHP method for site selection in children’s complexes. The paper highlights the need for a reliability test or table/figure to support the research findings.
Anniversary of “Geobotanical mapping”: some results
Authors: Kholod S. S.
Published: April 2024

The journal “Geobotanical mapping” presents the main stages and directions of the vegetation cartography development in Russia (USSR) and abroad over the past 60 years. The 1960–1980s were a period of some theoretical generalizations, the development of new types of maps initiated by the V. B. Sochava’s botanical cartographic school in Irkutsk. Since the late 1980s up to the present thematic mapping has been actively improved due to implementation of GIS technologies, automatic interpretation of remote sensing data, and usage of high-resolution space spectral images. The main directions of the vegetation mapping published in the “Geobotanical mapping” journal at the beginning of XXI century are: 1) global and regional differentiation of vegetation cover, macrostructures, evolutionary constructions; 2) vegetation dynamics, predictive mapping; 3) ecological and phytoecological mapping, ecoregions; 4) large-scale inventory and assessment mapping; 5) spatial structure of vegetation cover, typology of territorial units; 6) mapping as the basis for geobotanical zoning; 7) mapping of habitats and biotopes. The vegetation map organizes the information that is needed for mapping — data on vegetation classification; ecology of vegetation, the distribution of plant communities, their types, dominant’s coverage, vertical and horizontal structure of communities. The map is suitable for further cartometric and morphometric analysis and obtaining map information that was not explicitly included in the mapping process. The cartometric indicators such as size, shape, length of the perimeter of contours, areal ratio of various types etc. require their carefully tested interpretation from the standpoint of knowledge of processes and phenomena in vegetation. The vegetation map is not only the final result of vegetation study, it is a reason to organize scientific branches of geobotany — vegetation classification, dynamics, structure — into a certain sequence. Geobotanical mapping raises the question of correspondence of two basic concepts of vegetation science — the plant community and the vegetation cover continuum. The study of characteristics of vegetation cover structures, geobotanical zoning units helps us to the study of vegetation continuum, and the categories of common species, differentiating species and some others can be implemented.
Formation of competitive advantages of enterprises based on innovations: theory and world practice
Authors: Morkovkin Dmitry , Chupina Zhanna , Seredina Maria , Ogloblina Elizaveta
Published: April 2024

The growing importance of innovation as a determinant of economic development is becoming increasingly evident not only in developed countries, but also in developing countries and countries with economies in transition. Consequently, the revenues of innovative companies are growing, forcing other organizations to change their business models to innovative ones. Innovation affects capitalization, and as a business grows, its impact also increases, encouraging companies to accelerate their innovation processes. The mechanism of influence of innovations on financial results is mediated by the market, where competitive advantages are formed. Despite the fact that in a knowledge economy the ability of an organization to learn becomes an extremely important factor, it can be assumed that it is the innovation that determines the competitive advantage and market success.
History of the formation of the labor quality management system at the enterprises of the construction industry
Authors: Ignatyeva Olga , Nayanov Evgeny , Chugumbaev Roman , Kusmina Tatyana
Published: April 2024

There are many indicators that display characteristics to assess the flexibility and adaptability of quality management systems. However, from the point of view of the effect and effectiveness of these individual characteristics of the system, it is advisable to take those indicators that are primarily related to the financial component of evaluating the results of the quality management systems of business processes of enterprises. The novelty of the research is determined by the fact that the most comprehensive approach affects the positions of financing the quality management system, investment and operating costs of this system.
Maclaurin Symmetric Mean Aggregation Operators Based on Novel Frank T-Norm and T-Conorm for Picture Fuzzy Multiple-Attribute Group Decision-Making
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Riphah Institute of Computing & Applied Sciences (RICAS), Riphah International University (Lahore campus), Lahore 54000, Pakistan, Sarfraz Mehwish
Published: April 2024

The proposed study introduces innovative Maclaurin symmetrical mean aggregation operators (MSMAO) in picture fuzzy multiple-attribute group decision-making. These operators are built upon a newly developed Frank t-norm (FTN) and t-conorm (TCN). Utilizing these novel operators aims to enhance the effectiveness of decision-making processes in scenarios characterized by picture-fuzzy information. The study explores these aggregation operators' potential applications and advantages within the context of multiple-attribute group decision-making under uncertainty. As a novel method to handle MAGDM difficulties, we build these aggregation operators (AOs) on PFs in this paper by utilizing the FTN and TCN under PFs information. In addition, PF values (PFVs) and their fundamental operations are created and shown. Picture fuzzy Frank weighted Maclaurin symmetrical mean (MFFWMSM) and Picture fuzzy Frank Maclaurin symmetrical mean (MFFMSM) operators are two AOs introduced and studied based on these operations. The induction approach theoretically and quantitatively verifies the newly created AOs' accuracy and dependability. The problem of project evaluation utilizing these proposed operators is thoroughly examined to provide further applications and investigate the sensitivity of these PS Frank (PFF) operators. The outcomes of employing these PFF operators are contrasted with a few AOs of PFVs that were previously in existence. The suggested strategy is dependable and effective based on comparison outcomes.
Ranking Performance of MARCOS Method for Location Selection Problem in the Presence of Conflicting Criteria
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Benha University, Benha, Egypt, El-Araby Ahmed , Sabry Ibrahim ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Benha University, Benha, Egypt, El-Assal Ahmed ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
Published: April 2024

The selection of the best location for a facility is generally a complex process especially when considering multiple criteria in the selection process. The costs associated with purchasing the land and related constructions makes the location selection problem a long-term investment decision. Hence, the problem should be analysed carefully with a reliable approach to avoid the consequences that follows awkward decisions. Many multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods are developed recently which made the selection of a suitable MCDM method has become a confusing decision. In this study, measurement alternatives and ranking according to compromise solution (MARCOS) method is used to solve a location selection problem with conflicting criteria. The ranking produced by MARCOS method is analysed by a comparison with other common MCDM methods and a sensitivity analysis. The aim of the comparison to show that the method agreed the choice of the best alternative while the sensitivity analysis is employed to check the robustness and efficiency of this method. The sensitivity analysis includes the sensitivity of weight test and rank reversal (RR) test. The comparison of ranking with different methods showed that MARCOS method has strong ranking correlation with other methods. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis showed the reliability and robustness of MARCOS method as it produced high consistency of ranking through the tests. Thus, this study validates the applicability of MARCOS method to handle the presence of conflicting criteria in location selection problems.
Improved q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy WASPAS Method Based on Softmax Function and Frank operations for Investment Decision of Community Group-Buying Platform
Authors:   Department of Economics and Management, Nanchang Hangkong University, Jiangxi Province, China, Wang HaoLun , Zhao Wei ,   Department of Economics and Management, Nanchang Hangkong University, Jiangxi Province, China, Zheng Junqiang ,   Department of Economics and Management, Nanchang Hangkong University, Jiangxi Province, China
Published: April 2024

The traditional WASPAS (Weighted Aggregated Sum Product ASsessment) method has attracted widely attention. Unfortunately, the decision-makers’ decision attitude or risk preference is ignored in the existing WASPAS methods. To overcome this shortcoming, this paper embedded expert’s decision attitude with risk preference into WASPAS method for solving multi-attribute group decision-making problems with q-rung orthopair fuzzy (q-ROF) information. We develop the q-ROF Frank softmax weighted averaging (q-ROFFSWA) and q-ROF Frank softmax weighted geometric (q-ROFFSWG) operators based on Frank operations and softmax function. The relevant properties and particular cases are explored, and the monotonicity of these operators’ score functions is analyzed. Then, the q-ROF multi-attribute group decision-making framework based on the improved WASPAS method is constructed. The weighted sum model and weighted product model in traditional WASPAS are replaced by the two proposed aggregation operators. The q-ROF distance measure is utilized to de fuzzy the performance values of alternatives. And a compromise function between optimistic and pessimistic decision attitudes with risk preferences is proposed. Lastly, the presented method is implemented in a real case of investment decision of community group-buying (CGB) platform, and sensitivity analysis and comparative study with existing methods are conducted to verify the practicality, robustness and effectiveness.
Valuing the Future: Changing Time Horizons and Policy Preferences
Authors: Gazmararian Alexander F.
Published: April 2024

The short time horizons of citizens are a prominent explanation for why governments fail to tackle significant long-term public policy problems. Evidence for the influence of time horizons is mixed, complicated by the difficulty of determining how attitudes would differ if individuals were more concerned about the future. This paper approaches the challenge by leveraging a personal experience that leads people to place more value on the future: parenthood. The analysis compares new parents with otherwise similar individuals using a matched difference-in-differences design with a three-wave panel. The results show that parenthood increases support for stopping climate change. Falsification tests and two survey experiments suggest that longer time horizons explain part of this shift in support. Not only are scholars right to emphasize the role of individual time horizons, but changing valuations of the future offer a new way to understand how policy preferences evolve.
Systematic map of recent evidence on reproductive performance of cattle in Africa
Authors: Allan Fiona K , MacVicar Isla S. , Peters Andrew R. , Schnier Christain
Published: April 2024

Good cattle reproductive performance is essential for livestock productivity. Farmers are highly dependent on the success of productive outputs to support their livelihoods. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), however, optimal reproduction of cows and bulls is comparatively less well defined, with information on key reproductive parameters and reproductive management often not available. The aim of this study was to collate and synthesise the recent published evidence on cattle reproductive performance in selected sub-Saharan countries.Systematic mapping methodology was used, with searches conducted for both cow and bull reproductive performance in Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda, for the period 2012-2022, in English language. Search returns were screened for relevance at title and abstract, and full-text levels, based on the research question criteria.A substantial number of studies were identified for cows (n = 133), but only very few for bulls (n = 11). A large proportion of reported studies have been conducted in Ethiopia, with relatively few from the other countries, and most studies published between 2014 and 2016, and in 2021. Certain reproductive parameters received more attention than others; calving interval was reported in 86 studies, while culling due to infertility was reported in eight studies.The study highlights where research is being conducted in this area, and importantly where there is a gap, in particular on bull reproductive performance. While there were a range of values reported for cow reproductive parameters, the values were reasonable, indicating that it is possible to have good reproductive performance in LMICs. The synthesis of studies in the map should help to inform farmers and their advisors, at farm and national levels.
Machine Learning - Based Approaches for Vaccine Target Identification: Implementation and Insights
Authors: Gandotra Ronit , Verma Srishti , Gupta Khushi , Garg Manan , Vidhu Navya P. , Mahajan Prajwal , Chawla Raghav , Tripathi Shubhay , Rawal Kamal
Published: April 2024

Vaccine development relies heavily on the identification of appropriate antigen targets to induce robust immune responses. Traditional methods for vaccine target identification often involve laborious experimental procedures and may lack scalability. In recent years, Machine Learning, has emerged as a viable alternative for bioinformatics tasks, including vaccine target identification. In this paper, we present an implementation of Machine Learning -based approaches for vaccine target identification and provide insights into their effectiveness. We utilize a comprehensive dataset of pathogen proteins and employ Machine Learning for feature analysis and prediction. Our results demonstrate the promising performance of Machine Learning models in accurately identifying vaccine targets, showcasing their efficiency and interpretability. Through a detailed analysis, we highlight the key factors influencing model performance and discuss potential avenues for further improvement. Overall, our study underscores the potential of Machine Learning - based approaches in vaccine target identification, offering valuable insights for future research in the field.
Between “you” and “me”: Effects of pronouns and order on disclosing sexual assault
Authors: Clinton-Lisell Virginia , Anderson RaeAnn Elizabeth
Published: April 2024

The wording of self-report instruments likely affects its responses; however, there has been very little inquiry into the topic. The purpose of this study is to examine how items in a sexual assault experiences questionnaire varied based on pronouns (first person or second person) and order (sexual-behavior or coercive-tactic first) affected responses. College students (N = 979) were randomly assigned in a 2 by 2 between-subjects experiment to experimental versions of the Sexual Experiences Survey (SES). The findings indicated that the condition with second-person pronouns and coercive-tactic first phrasing had the highest rate of disclosure. Based on reading time results, respondents may have engaged more in processing of items with second-person pronouns or coercive-tactic first phrasing. Moreover, respondents in coercive-tactic first conditions reported more mental effort was required in answering compared to respondents in the sexual-behavior first conditions. There was no effect of condition on negative affect and very little change in negative affect from completing the SES. Overall, the results support the use of second-person pronouns and coercive-tactic first phrasing in sexual assault self-report instruments to support disclosure of this stigmatized crime. Future research should examine how these findings may be extended to other self-report instruments.
People are at least as good at optimizing reward rate under fixed-trial compared to fixed-time conditions.
Authors: Taylor Grant John , Evans Nathan J. , Brown Scott
Published: April 2024

Finding an optimal decision-making strategy requires a careful balance between the competing demands of accuracy and urgency.In experimental settings, researchers are typically interested in whether people can optimise this trade-off, typically operationalised as reward rate, with evidence accumulation models serving as the key framework to determine whether people are performing optimally. However, recent studies have suggested that inferences about optimality can be highly dependent on the task design, meaning that inferences about whether people can achieve optimality may not generalise across contexts.Here, we investigate one fundamental, though typically overlooked, design factor: whether participants spend a fixed amount of time on each block (fixed-time) or have a fixed number of trials in each block (fixed-trials), with researchers typically assuming that people are better able to optimize reward rate under fixed-time conditions. Across three experiments, our results consistently indicate that people are at least as good at optimising reward rate under fixed-trial conditions as fixed-time conditions, and potentially even better under fixed-trial conditions. Importantly, these findings both challenge the common assumption within reward rate optimality research regarding the superiority of fixed-time study designs, and further emphasise the importance of carefully considering study design factors when making inferences about optimality in decision-making.
Mental processes underlying STEM problem solving in exceptional and typically developing children
Authors: ZHONG Miao , Yeung Kit Ling , Siu Carrey Tik Sze , Chan Man Ho , Cheung Him
Published: April 2024

What mental processes do children spontaneously engage when facing STEM problems? The question is under-researched not only in exceptional children with autism (ASD) and high intelligence (HI) but also in typically developing children with normal intelligence (NI). This study examined some spontaneous mental processes behind STEM problem solving in NI, ASD, and HI students and the association between these processes and performance. One hundred and forty Hong Kong 5th and 6th graders verbalized their thoughts and emotions while doing simple physics experiments in a STEM lesson and were subsequently tested on a physics quiz. Their verbalizations were coded into cognitive, metacognitive, emotional, and task-unrelated processes. Results showed that the HI group used more cognitive strategies and engaged in fewer task-unrelated processes than the NI and ASD groups. They also outperformed their peers on the quiz. The NI and ASD students did not differ in mental processes and quiz performance. Quiz performance correlated positively with the use of cognitive and metacognitive strategies and negatively with task-unrelated thought involvement. The present study provides evidence for differential involvements of mental processes among students with diverse backgrounds in solving STEM problems and a general relation between these processes and learning outcome.
Interoceptive Ageing and the Impact on Psychophysiological Processes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pfeifer Gaby , Cawkwell Sophie
Published: April 2024

Interoception, the perception and response to internal bodily states, significantly influences physical and mental wellbeing. While ageing is associated with interoceptive decline, research has primarily examined selective dimensions of interoception. Understanding these changes is vital as the global population ages, addressing age-related health issues and sustaining psychological wellbeing. This systematic review synthesised findings from 22 studies on age-related interoceptive changes and their impact on psychophysiological processes. Results showed age-related declines (48.4%), no age differences (32.3%), an age-related increase (16.13%), and an inverted U-shaped curvilinear relationship (3.23%) in interoceptive sensitivity across age groups and interoceptive dimensions. Three patterns emerged regarding psychophysiological processes in older adults: altered mind-body connection and reduced high-arousal emotional experiences with age, cognitive protective effects, and improved body representation correlated with better interoceptive sensitivity. These patterns indicate the complex relationships between interoceptive ageing and psychophysiological processes, showing both, aspects of decline and compensatory mechanisms. We propose future research avenues to elucidate the functional significance of different interoceptive dimensions across the lifespan for optimised psychological wellbeing and health behaviours in older adults.
Democracy, Free Elections, and Gender Equality as Perceived by Recent Immigrants
Authors: Zagrebina Anna
Published: April 2024

Immigrants in a democratic host society are supposed to support democracy, participate in core democratic processes, such as elections, and uphold its fundamental values, including gender equality. However, it is not sufficiently explored what they really mean by democracy, how they perceive the relationship between democracy and its indisputable attributes, such as free elections and gender equality, and how the host society itself could contribute to these perceptions of democracy. This study aims to contribute to this knowledge. The data were collected in Quebec using original questionnaire completed by 127 adult immigrants. The results indicate that recent immigrants from nondemocratic countries primarily view democracy as a society based on the rule of law with strong social control. They may lack knowledge about free elections, considering them significantly more important to democracy than the possibility to vote for any political party. Contrary to expectations, recent immigrants view gender equality as essential for democracy, although this importance varies according to sphere. Immigrants' conceptions of democracy also signify the most salient characteristics of the social and physical environment of the host society as the most important democratic features. The study concludes that more welcoming host democratic societies may foster more favorable concepts of democracy among immigrants.
Human Resource Development Practices and Employee Engagement in Nepalese Commercial Banks
Authors: Niraula Ganesh Prasad , Kharel Shreekrishna
Published: April 2024

The level of employee engagement is a significant issue for many organizations globally. As a result, many organizations are using a variety of human resource development practices to enhance employee engagement. The purpose of this study is to focus on analyzing the relationship between HRD practices and employees' engagement in Nepalese commercial banks. The study's independent variables were Career Advancement, Performance Management. Reward and Recognition and Training and Development. The dependent variable is Employee Engagement. The descriptive research design is used. The population of the study was 46408, and a simple random sampling technique was used to pick 384 employees from 11 commercial banks as sample. Data were gathered by using a standardized questionnaire on Likert Scale with 1 specifying a strongly disagree and 5 a strongly agree. Descriptive statistics such as Mean, Correlation and Regression were employed to analyze the data. Chronbach's Alpha was used to test the reliability. Which was 0.65 on an average. SPSS version 26 was used to analyze the data. The study concluded that Career Advancement and Performance Management had a favorable and significant relationship with Employee Engagement, Reward and Recognition and positive but insignificant relationship and Training and Development had a negative but significant relationship with Employee Engagement.
Water Quality Assessment of The Three Lakes of Barandabhar Forest Corridor, Central Nepal
Authors: Acharya Keshab , Sharma Bimala , Dhakal Aradhana
Published: April 2024

Addressing the global challenge of securing water for both human needs and ecosystem health is crucial. This study aims to characterize the physiochemical parameters of three lakes in the Bharandabhar forest corridor, Chitwan, Central Nepal: Tiger Lake, Kalimati Lake, and Rhino Lake. During the pre-monsoon season, four different sites (Eastern, Western, Northern, and Southern) of each lake were examined. To ensure precision, five replicated water samples were collected from each site, and standard protocols were applied to analyze various physiochemical parameters, such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide, total hardness, chloride, total alkalinity, conductivity, nitrate, inorganic phosphorus, and total solid matter. Also, the Water Quality Index (WQI) was calculated. Results show that physiochemical parameter values mostly align with permissible limits according to regional and international guidelines. However, the mean phosphorous concentration and pH values of Tiger and Kalimati lakes exceed these limits. Rhino Lake displayed a mildly alkaline pH, while Kalimati and Tiger lakes exhibited slightly acidic characteristics. An interesting observation is the significant negative correlation between temperature and dissolved oxygen, indicating that as temperature rises, dissolved oxygen levels decrease. Additionally, WQI suggests that all three lakes maintain good water quality. However, a concerning finding is that all three lakes exhibited hyper-eutrophic conditions based on their phosphorous concentration. The lakes face significant threats due to high levels of organic pollutants and a rapid eutrophication process. Authorities must take significant actions to safeguard the lakes and ensure their future well-being. This research highlights the urgent need for environmental protection and conservation efforts to preserve the water quality and ecological balance of the Bharandabhar forest corridor lakes for the well-being of both human communities and the ecosystem.
Appraisal of the Occupation and Wage Status of Brick Factory Workers in Chandragiri Municipality, Kathmandu
Authors: Acharya Gyanu , Shrestha Rohit Kumar
Published: April 2024

The brick factories are manufacturing industries which apply labour intensive techniques. Workers in a large number have been involved in the brick factories but their occupation and wage status is unknown. The authorized government agencies have shown less concern to this aspect of the workers. To this backdrop, the present study was conducted to investigate the occupational load and wage status of the workers in brick factories. The study made use of descriptive research design, collecting primary data. The data were collected adopting interview and observation techniques. The analysis of data revealed that the brick factories involved under-aged workers and provided low wages. They have employed unskilled workforces on part time basis for long periods of time in low wages as compared minimum wage announced by Nepal Government and International Labour Organization (ILO). For instance, they provided only Rs. 330 per day for carrying the load of 1000 bricks. About ninety seven percent of labors were involved as part-time job holders working only six months in a year and only three percent of labors were found working as full-time job holders.
Asymetria powinności etycznych, czyli o nierównym traktowaniu różnych grup zwierząt w badaniach naukowych
Authors: Koperski Paweł
Published: April 2024

Zwierzęta należące do różnych grup taksonomicznych traktowane są w badaniach naukowych w bardzo odmienny sposób, bardzo różne są bowiem zakres i powszechność powinności moralnych którymi są one obdarzane. Ptaki, ssaki i głowonogi mają status uprzywilejowany względem pozostałych a ryby zajmują w tej hierarchii stanowisko pośrednie. Ogromna większość obecnych w biosferze zwierząt wciąż pozbawiona jest jakiejkolwiek ochrony podstawowych życiowych interesów. W ostatnich latach empirycznie potwierdzono obecność zaawansowanych funkcji poznawczych u wielu przedstawicieli bezkręgowców. Jednoznacznie nakazuje to porzucenie nawyku traktowania ich jako prymitywnych, niewrażliwych istot, których zachowanie oparte jest wyłącznie na zautomatyzowanych instynktach. Nowe koncepcje etyczne wyznaczają nowy paradygmat w zrozumieniu ich miejsca w sferze moralnych powinności. Szczególne miejsce zdobywa sobie wśród nich koncepcja etyki ewolucyjnie inkluzywnej.
Etyka nadziei w służbie zagrożonej planety – "The Book of Hope" Jane Goodall
Authors: Urbaniak Marcin
Published: April 2024

In the review article, I focus on selected axiological and ethical issues, such as the value of care, mindfulness and hope in Jane Goodall’s reflection, as well as on almost half a century of Jane Goodall’s ecological and educational activism, the intellectual summary of which is the published The Book of Hope: A Survival Guide for an Endangered Planet. I analyze the hypo­thesis that the secret of the impressive effectiveness of several decades of Goodall’s activities is the result of a consistently implemented strategy of ecological and social intersectionalism. The main method, successfully used by Goodall, is gentle persuasion, which appeals to the recipient’s emotions, combined with motivating narratives about precisely selected, interpenetrating problems on the border of natural sciences, political, socio-economic sciences and humanities. I aim to that Jane Goodall’s scientific and social activity fits into the framework of contemporary so-called prefigurative ethics, i.e. reflection and attitude announcing a higher moral good and arousing empathy, local involvementand a sense of agency in the reci­pients of Goodall’s narrative.
Ubój rytualny jest niehumanitarny
Authors: Elżanowski Andrzej
Published: April 2024

W reakcji na opublikowanie artykułu P.T. Skoczykłody (Zoophilologica nr 2 (10)/2022), który na podstawie religijnych źródeł dowodzi, że szechita nie powoduje więcej cierpienia zwierząt niż ubój standardowy, i pozoruje zgodność tego poglądu z nauką, zestawiono obecny stan wiedzy o obydwu sposobach uboju. Wyniki badań fizjologicznych i systematycznych obserwacji przebiegu uboju  nie pozostawiają wątpliwości co do tego, że prawidłowo wykonany ubój zaczynający się od ogłuszenia (pozbawienia świadomości) zadaje dużo mniej cierpienia niż jakiekolwiek choćby najdoskonalsze podrzynanie przytomnego zwierzęcia i czekanie na śmierć przez wykrwawienie. Badania samego wykrwawianie dowodzą, że uprzednie ogłuszenie nie osłabia ani jego tempa ani ostatecznego efektu, co przeczy religijnym przekazom i podważa religijne uzasadnienie uboju rytualnego. Badania rzeczywistego przebiegu uboju pokazują jednocześnie, że przy obu sposobach uboju regularnie występują nieprawidłowości powodujące dodatkowe męczarnie zwierząt.  Jednak w uboju standardowym po nieudanym strzale z aparatu bolcowego krowa powinna i zwykle jest ogłuszana drugim strzałem, a przy szechicie męczy się nawet do paru minut (zwykle 20-80 sekund). Ponadto, poderżnięcie przytomnego zwierzęcia wymaga pełnego unieruchomienia – obecnie w rzeźni krowa jest ściśnięta w klatce ubojowej (i często jest odwracana nawet do góry nogami co  powoduje dodatkowy dystres), a w tradycyjnej szechicie krowa miała pysk przykuty łańcuchem do podłogi i resztę ciała podnoszoną za nogę, co było męczarnią jeszcze przed poderżnięciem. Szerokie stosowanie tej techniki (shackle and hoist), w Izraelu i USA zabronionej dopiero bardzo niedawno (w drugiej dekadzie XXI w.) pod naciskiem opinii publicznej dzięki nagłośnieniu tej praktyki przez obrońców zwierząt, przeczy tezie o nastawieniu szechity na złagodzenie cierpień zabijanych zwierząt.
In Memory of Friederike Schriever
Authors: Mayer Gerhard A.
Published: April 2024

No abstract, obituary
Study of India-China economic relations during the period of NDA-II government: Major challenges and impacts
Authors: Bhardwaj Vinod
Published: April 2024

Economic relations between India and China have attracted significant attention in recent years, especially during the tenure of India's NDA-II government. The objective of this study is to analyze the major challenges and impacts faced by India-China economic relations during this period. Through a comprehensive review of the historical context, economic policies and bilateral agreements, this research provides insights into the evolution of India-China economic relations and the specific policies implemented by the NDA-II government. Key challenges such as trade imbalances, border disputes and market access barriers are examined, as well as their impact on the economies, politics and societies of both countries. Furthermore, the study highlights the geopolitical implications of these challenges, considering their broader implications for regional and global dynamics. Through rigorous analysis and interpretation, the research evaluates the effectiveness of government policies in addressing these challenges and promoting cooperation between the two countries. The study provides insight into the complexities of India-China economic relations and highlights the need for a strategic approach to address the challenges and harness opportunities for mutual benefit. Recommendations are provided to policy makers and stakeholders to enhance future collaboration and reduce risks.

Abstract in Hindi Language:

भारत और चीन के बीच आर्थिक संबंधों ने हाल के वर्षों में महत्वपूर्ण ध्यान आकर्षित किया है, खासकर भारत की NDA-II सरकार के कार्यकाल के दौरान। इस अध्ययन का उद्देश्य इस अवधि के दौरान भारत-चीन आर्थिक संबंधों में आई प्रमुख चुनौतियों और प्रभावों का विश्लेषण करना है। ऐतिहासिक संदर्भ, आर्थिक नीतियों और द्विपक्षीय समझौतों की व्यापक समीक्षा के माध्यम से, यह शोध भारत-चीन आर्थिक संबंधों के विकास और NDA-II सरकार द्वारा कार्यान्वित विशिष्ट नीतियों में अंतर्दृष्टि प्रदान करता है। व्यापार असंतुलन, सीमा विवाद और बाजार पहुंच बाधाओं जैसी प्रमुख चुनौतियों की जांच की जाती है, साथ ही दोनों देशों की अर्थव्यवस्थाओं, राजनीति और समाजों पर उनके प्रभाव की भी जांच की जाती है। इसके अलावा, अध्ययन क्षेत्रीय और वैश्विक गतिशीलता के लिए उनके व्यापक निहितार्थों पर विचार करते हुए, इन चुनौतियों के भू-राजनीतिक प्रभावों पर प्रकाश डालता है। कठोर विश्लेषण और व्याख्या के माध्यम से, अनुसंधान इन चुनौतियों का समाधान करने और दोनों देशों के बीच सहयोग को बढ़ावा देने में सरकारी नीतियों की प्रभावशीलता का मूल्यांकन करता है। यह अध्ययन भारत-चीन आर्थिक संबंधों की जटिलताओं में अंतर्दृष्टि प्रदान करता है और चुनौतियों से निपटने और पारस्परिक लाभ के अवसरों का दोहन करने के लिए रणनीतिक दृष्टिकोण की आवश्यकता पर प्रकाश डालता है। भविष्य में सहयोग बढ़ाने और जोखिमों को कम करने के लिए नीति निर्माताओं और हितधारकों को सिफारिशें प्रदान की जाती हैं।

Keywords: भारत, चीन, आर्थिक संबंध, वैश्विक गतिशीलता, सीमा विवाद
The Effect of Socio-demographic Parameters and Economic Crisis on Meat Consumption and Purchasing Patterns among Undergraduates in Sri Lanka: A Study in Eastern University, Sri Lanka.
Authors: Vahaful M.F. Nisath  , Tharinda D. De Silva  , L. Vanajah  , M. Pagthinathan  , P. Mithushan
Published: April 2024

Even though the university student population is a critical generation in the future of a country, their actual food consumption patterns of this generation are little addressed. Therefore, the objectives of this present study are (1) to identify the effects of socio-demographic variables on meat consumption and purchasing patterns and (2) to investigate the effects of the recent economic crisis on meat consumption among university undergraduates in Sri Lanka. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to gather information from 195 undergraduates. There are 97.44% of respondents consume at least one type of meat. Only 2.56% of respondents do not consume any type of meat. Hence, they were all categorized as vegetarians. 85.13% of respondents have established their meat consumption pattern at the age before 10. The most preferred raw meat type is chicken and the processed meat product is sausages. The majority of respondents purchase both raw meat and processed meat once a week. There is no significant correlation between purchasing frequency and socio-demographic variables. However, Pork, beef, and mutton consumption has a significant correlation with religion. Health, preference, financial capability, and religious matters were the most popular reasons considered during the purchasing of meat. The majority of students are aware of knowledge regarding meat consumption and purchasing. Meat consumption of undergraduates dropped due to the economic crisis particularly families with lower income. Findings from this study may be helpful in properly organizing nutritional programs for undergraduates.