bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantification of histone H1 subtypes using targeted proteomics
Authors: López-Gómez Jordi , Villarreal Laura , Andrés Marta , Ponte Inma , Xicoy Blanca , Zamora Lurdes , Vilaseca Marta , Roque Alicia
Published: January 2024

Histone H1 is involved in the regulation of chromatin structure. Human somatic cells express up to seven subtypes. The variability in the proportions of somatic H1s (H1 complement) is one evidence supporting their functional specificity. Alterations in the protein levels of different H1 subtypes have been observed in cancer, suggesting their potential as biomarkers and that they might play a role in disease development. We have developed a mass spectrometry based (MS) parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) assay suitable for the quantification of H1 subtypes. Our PRM method is based on the quantification of unique peptides for each subtype, providing high specificity. Evaluation of the PRM performance on three human cell lines showed high reproducibility and sensitivity. Quantification values agreed with the electrophoretic and Western blot data, indicating the accuracy of the method. We used PRM to quantify the H1 complement in peripheral blood samples of healthy individuals and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. Our preliminary data revealed differences in the H1 complement between responders and non-responder CML patients and suggest that the H1 content could help predicting imatinib response.
CLSTN3B enhances adipocyte lipid droplet structure and function via endoplasmic reticulum contact
Authors: Zhang Chuanhai , Ye Mengchen , Melikov Kamran , Yang Dengbao , Dias do Vale Goncalo , McDonald Jeffrey , Eckert Kaitlyn , Lin Mei-Jung , Zeng Xing
Published: January 2024

Interorganelle contacts facilitate material exchanges and sustain the structural and functional integrity of organelles. Lipid droplets (LDs) of adipocytes are responsible for energy storage and mobilization responding to body needs. LD biogenesis defects compromise the lipid-storing capacity of adipocytes, resulting in ectopic lipid deposition and metabolic disorders, yet how the uniquely large LDs in adipocytes attain structural and functional maturation is incompletely understood. Here we show that the mammalian adipocyte-specific protein CLSTN3B is crucial for adipocyte LD maturation. CLSTN3B employs an arginine-rich segment to promote extensive contact and hemifusion-like structure formation between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and LD, allowing ER-to-LD phospholipid diffusion during LD expansion. CLSTN3B ablation results in reduced LD surface phospholipid density, increased turnover of LD-surface proteins, and impaired LD functions. Our results establish the central role of CLSTN3B in the adipocyte-specific LD maturation pathway that enhances lipid storage and maintenance of metabolic health under caloric overload.
Associations of plasma omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids with overall and 19 site-specific cancers: a population-based cohort study in UK Biobank
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Sun Yitang , Song Suhang , Khankari Nikhil K. , Brenna J. Thomas , Shen Ye , Ye Kaixiong
Published: January 2024

Background

Previous epidemiological studies of the associations between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and cancer incidence have been inconsistent. We investigated the associations of plasma omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs with the incidence of overall and 19 site-specific cancers in a large prospective cohort.

Methods

253,138 eligible UK Biobank participants were included in our study. With a mean follow-up of 12.9 years, 29,838 participants were diagnosed with cancer. The plasma levels of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs were expressed as percentages of total fatty acids (omega-3% and omega-6%).

Results

In our main models, both omega-6% and omega-3% were inversely associated with overall cancer incidence (HR per SD = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.96-0.99; HR per SD = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.97-1.00; respectively). Of the 19 site-specific cancers available, 14 were associated with omega-6% and five with omega-3%, all indicating inverse associations, with the exception that prostate cancer was positively associated with omega-3% (HR per SD = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01 – 1.05).

Conclusions

Our population-based cohort study in UK Biobank indicates small inverse associations of plasma omega-6 and omega-3 PUFAs with the incidence of overall and most site-specific cancers, although there are notable exceptions, such as prostate cancer.
Impact of Vaccination Rates, Pre-Pandemic Life Expectancy, Economic Status and Age on COVID-19 Excess Mortality Across United States
Authors: Matveeva Olga , Ogurtsov Aleksey Y. , Shabalina Svetlana A.
Published: January 2024

Aim

This study investigates factors influencing pandemic mortality rates across U.S. states during different waves of SARS-CoV-2 infection from February 2020 to April 2023, given that over one million people died from COVID-19 in the country.

Methods

We performed statistical analyses and used linear regression models to estimate age-adjusted and unadjusted excess mortality as functions of life expectancy, vaccination rates, and GDP per capita in U.S. states.

Results and Discussion

States with lower life expectancy and lower GDP per capita experienced significantly higher mortality rates during the pandemic, underscoring the critical role of underlying health conditions and healthcare infrastructure, as reflected in these factors. When categorizing states by vaccination rates, significant differences in GDP per capita and pre-pandemic life expectancy emerged between states with lower and higher vaccination rates, likely explaining mortality disparities before mass vaccination. During the Delta and Omicron BA.1 waves, when vaccines were widely available, the mortality gap widened, and states with lower vaccination rates experienced nearly double the mortality compared to states with higher vaccination rates (Odds Ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.7-1.9, p < 0.01). This disparity disappeared during the later Omicron variants, likely because the levels of combined immunity from vaccination and widespread infection across state populations became comparable. We showed that vaccination rates were the only significant factor influencing age-adjusted mortality, highlighting the substantial impact of age-specific demographics on both life expectancy and GDP across states.

Conclusion

The study underscores the critical role of high vaccination rates in reducing excess deaths across all states, regardless of economic status. Vaccination rates proved more decisive than GDP per capita in reducing excess deaths. Additionally, states with lower pre-pandemic life expectancy faced greater challenges, reflecting the combined effects of healthcare quality, demographic variations, and social determinants of health. These findings call for comprehensive public health strategies that address both immediate interventions, like vaccination, and long-term improvements in healthcare infrastructure and social conditions.
The role of online identity orientation and socializing for information search: a case of ethnic minority guests’ hospitality experiences
Authors: Kizgin Hatice , Jamal Ahmad , Rana Nripendra P. , Dwivedi Yogesh K.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the impact of online identity orientation and online friendship homophily on online socializing, online information search and ethnic guests’ hospitality experiences.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses structural equation modeling to test a conceptual model developed after reviewing hospitality literature. Data is collected from a sample of 514 Turkish-Dutch ethnic guests living in the Netherlands using a self-administered questionnaire.

Findings

The results show that online identity orientations aligned with minority and majority cultures impact online friendship homophily and online socializing, which subsequently impact online information search and hospitality experiences of ethnic guests.

Practical implications

On the whole, ethnic communities have considerable spending power. The findings point to heritage and mainstream cultural socialization accounting for travel and hospitality experiences within an ethnic minority group. The findings supply relevant information for hospitality sectors on services to endorse or promote to guests from ethnic communities.

Originality/value

The study examines the simultaneous effects of online identity orientations and online friendship homophily on online socialization and hospitality experiences of ethnic guests. It highlights the role of culture in explaining the use of social networking sites and its potential impact on hospitality-related behaviors and experiences of ethnic guest consumers.
Effect of female representation in audit committees on non-audit fees: evidence from China
Authors: Rahman Md Jahidur , Zhu Hongtao , Zhang Yiling , Hossain Md Moazzem
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate whether gender diversity in audit committees affects the purchase of nonaudit services in China. Results from family and nonfamily firms are compared and the critical mass participation of females are further examined.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample comprises 1,834 Chinese listed companies from 2012 to 2021, among which 910 are family firms. The Heckman (1979) two-stage model is used to mitigate the potential endogeneity issue in the selection of gender diversity. Propensity score matching is also used to further alleviate the endogeneity problem in relation to family firms.

Findings

Results show a significant and negative correlation between the gender diversity in audit committees and nonaudit service fees. This association is more apparent in nonfamily than in family firms. Findings are consistent and robust to endogeneity tests and sensitivity analyses. The analysis of critical mass and symbolic participation shows that three female directors can more significantly restrain nonaudit fees than one to two females on the board.

Practical implications

This study contributes to literature on resource dependence theory, which posits that audit committees help enterprises establish contact with auditors, improve the company legitimacy, assist in communication and provide relevant expertise. This study also relates to agency theory, which holds that differences in the severity of types I and II agency problems between family and nonfamily firms lead to differences in auditor selection and related costs.

Originality/value

Extending from previous research on the relation between the gender diversity in audit committees and nonaudit fees, the present study delves into this connection within the context of China, an emerging economy. As a result, this investigation offers novel insights and expands upon current knowledge. In addition, the correlation between the gender diversity of audit committees and nonaudit fees is explored for family and nonfamily firms.
Perspectives in modelling ecological interaction networks for sustainable ecosystem management
Authors: Quévreux Pierre , Brose Ulrich , Galiana Núria , Potapov Anton , Thébault Élisa , Travers‐Trolet Morgane , Wollrab Sabine , Jabot Franck
Published: January 2024

The concept of ecological interaction networks has been widely used in fundamental ecology in the last two decades and has progressively infused in a diverse array of applied studies. Classical studies represented species interactions as static interaction webs to identify generalities in the structure of ecological networks and understand the propagation of indirect effects of species on each other and the environment.

More recent research demonstrates that ecological networks are emerging features of community and interaction processes. Understanding the determinants of interaction variability in space and time and its consequences for biodiversity dynamics and ecosystem functioning constitute current frontiers in ecological network science. Although these frontiers meet a variety of applied ecological questions, many network models have been developed without clear applied perspectives.

We detail how we could build on them to advance three main topics. First, the spatial dimension of ecological networks has direct implications for the design of sustainable landscapes and fisheries, for agroecology and for lake management. Second, the temporal dimension of ecological networks provides important insights for projecting biodiversity changes and adapting human actions. Third, the interactions between the abiotic and biotic components of ecosystems constitute key drivers of biogeochemical cycles, thereby providing important levers for sustainable management.

Synthesis and applications. Collaborative work between empirical and theoretical network ecologists could accelerate the delivery of realistic models to inform applied practices across disciplines.
A flexible method of housing price index construction using repeat‐sales aggregates
Authors: Contat Justin , Larson William D.
Published: January 2024

The major issue which we address in this article is the one‐size‐fits‐all nature of the typical city‐level housing price index. In this vein, we make two contributions. First, we develop a new algorithm to ensure feasible estimation of geographically granular repeat‐sales price indices in cases of low transactions counts. This facilitates the estimation of a balanced panel of 63,084 U.S. Census tract‐level indices (2010 definitions) at an annual frequency between 1989 and 2021, which we release alongside this article. Second, we use these indices to estimate city‐level price indices that are robust to heterogeneous submarket appreciation and nonrandom sampling, two issues that confound classic approaches. Different index targets require alternative weighting schemes, and these formulations can result in index differences that can widen over time horizons. However, in some cases, sample‐based indices are quite similar to more strictly defined index targets; for instance, in the early COVID‐19 period, standard sample‐based indices are actually quite similar to a unit‐representative house price index for large cities.
Information aggregation to form earnings expectations: Evidence from CEO networks and management forecast accuracy
Authors: Lee Sam (Sunghan) , Matsunaga Steven R. , Oh Peter (Seung Hwan) , Hong Hyun A.
Published: January 2024

We investigate whether a larger CEO employment network provides access to information that improves firms' earnings forecasts and find a significantly positive relation between CEO employment network size and management earnings forecast accuracy. Our results suggest that firms use information obtained from CEO contacts to increase the accuracy of their earnings forecasts. Our conclusion is further supported by evidence of positive associations between CEO employment network size and the likelihood, frequency, and precision of management earnings forecasts. We also find that CEO employment network size is positively related to analysts' reactions to the forecast news and the accuracy of management earnings forecasts relative to analyst forecasts. Overall, our results are consistent with a larger CEO employment network generating external information that increases the accuracy of firms' earnings forecasts.
Dementia and glaucoma: Results from a Nationwide French Study between 2006 and 2018
Authors: Chamard Chloé , Alonso Sandrine , Carrière Isabelle , Villain Max , Arnould Louis , Debourdeau Eloi , Huguet Héléna , Mura Thibault , Daien Vincent
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The brain and eye share many characteristics, so the eye may provide an easy‐access window on brain processes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the link between glaucoma as well as intraocular pressure (IOP)‐lowering drops load and all‐cause dementia.

Methods

This was a nested case‐control study based on the French national healthcare database from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2018in individuals aged ≥60 years. We compared cases of incident all‐cause dementia with 1:5 controls matched by date of case diagnosis (index date), age, sex, and income. We set a 5‐year exposure to glaucoma period ending 2 years before the index date (lag‐time period to avoid protopathic bias). The main outcome was glaucoma defined with hospitalization related to POAG and/or dispensations of IOP‐lowering drops. The secondary outcome was the IOP‐lowering drops load.

Results

In total, 4810 incident all‐cause dementia and 24 050 matched controls were analysed (median [IQR] age 82 [10] years; 66.6% women). The prevalence of glaucoma was 14.0% in controls and cases. Risk of all‐cause dementia was not associated with glaucoma (crude OR, 1.02; 95% CI [0.93–1.11]; p = 0.7; adjusted OR, 0.99; 95% CI [0.91–1.09]; p = 0.9) or IOP‐lowering drops load (p = 0.2).

Conclusion

The present study in general population ≥60 years old in France did not find any association between glaucoma and incident all‐cause dementia.
Effect of pectin coating incorporated with guava leaf extract (Psidium guajava L.) on the stability of fresh beef steak
Authors: Nascimento Clarissa P. F. , Lopes M. Vinicius Aquino , Bessa Juliana M. R. , Andrade Ana P. C. , Oliveira Luciana S. , Eça Kaliana S.
Published: January 2024

This work evaluated the effect of a pectin‐based coating added with guava leaf extract on the quality and conservation of fresh beef during cold storage. Beef steak (CON), beef steak coated with pectin (PCB) and beef steak coated with pectin added with 5% guava leaf extract (PCB‐GLE) were evaluated for physical (weight loss, colour) and chemical (pH, lipid oxidation) parameters quality, as well as tissue modifications during 7 days of storage at 4 °C. PCB and PCB‐GLE showed the least weight loss, maintained the L* value and increased the a* value during the storage. Coated beef steaks showed lower lipid oxidation values during storage when compared with uncoated beef, highlighting samples covered with pectin coating added with guava leaf extract for the lowest TBARS indices during storage. Thus, the extract concentration added to the pectin coating showed potential antioxidant effect on beef steak. In fact, pectin‐based coating proved to be an excellent technology to improve the quality attributes of beef steak during refrigerated storage.
Investigation into the physiochemical properties of soy protein isolate and concentrate powders from different manufacturers
Authors: Schmid Eva‐Maria , Farahnaky Asgar , Adhikari Benu , Savadkoohi Sobhan , Torley Peter J.
Published: January 2024

The physiochemical properties of five commercially available soy protein isolates (SPI) from different manufacturers and one soy protein concentrate were analysed. Despite their identical botanical origin and an almost interchangeable molecular weight profile, remarkable differences were revealed in their solubility, protein dispersibility index (PDI), water holding capacity (WHC), zeta potential (measured at different pHs) and particle size distribution. Protein solubility and PDI values, which can be considered as a simple and reliable measure of soy protein powder's suitability for industrial formulations such as extrusion premixes, revealed to be strongly intercorrelated, with SPI A, B and E showing higher values at pH 7.0 and 9.0 as compared to their counterparts (sample C and D). WHC appeared to be less influenced by solubility, but greatly by particle size distribution. SPI A, B and E showed largest increase in diameter upon hydration (‘swelling’) and gave the highest WHC.
A comprehensive study on the risk factors and pathogen analysis of postoperative wound infections following caesarean section procedures
Authors: Dong Hui , Song Jie , Jia Yanju , Cui Hongyan , Chen Xu
Published: January 2024

Postoperative wound infections (PWIs), a subtype of surgical site infections, are a significant concern for patients undergoing caesarean sections (C‐sections). Understanding risk factors and pathogen profiles can greatly assist in early diagnosis and effective treatment. This study aimed to identify risk factors and analyse the pathogenic landscape contributing to PWIs in C‐sections. A nested case‐control study was carried out, utilising stringent criteria for case selection and control matching. Diagnostic criteria for surgical site infections included both clinical and microbiological parameters. Risk variables examined included patient age, Body Mass Index, duration of surgery and several other clinical indicators. Microbiological analysis was performed using the BD Phoenix‐100 Automated Bacterial Identification System. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 26.0, and risk factors were evaluated through both univariate and multivariate analyses. A total of 50 patients, aged between 20 and 45 years (mean age 26.3 ± 5.6), developed PWIs following C‐sections. The study revealed a temporal distribution and various clinical indicators of PWIs, including elevated white blood cell count and C‐reactive protein levels. Gram‐negative bacteria were found to be more prevalent at 57.4%. Notable pathogens included Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrobial resistance patterns were also identified, highlighting the need for a targeted antibiotic approach. Increased infection risks were linked to lack of prophylactic antibiotics, absence of preoperative povidone‐iodine antisepsis, operations over an hour, anaemia, amniotic fluid contamination, diabetes, GTI, premature rupture of membranes and white blood cells counts above 10 × 109/L. The study provides critical insights into the risk factors and microbial agents contributing to PWIs following C‐sections. Our findings emphasise the importance of early diagnosis through clinical and laboratory parameters, as well as the need for constant surveillance and reassessment of antibiotic stewardship programs.
Elevated small dense low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is associated with an increased risk of metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yang Shouxing , Xu Jing
Published: January 2024

Introduction

It is demonstrated that elevated small dense low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL‐C), and reduced high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) is associated with Metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This study aims to explore the relationship between sdLDL‐C to HDL‐C ratio (SHR) and MAFLD in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials and Methods

A cross‐sectional study was performed among 1904 patients with T2DM. Weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between the SHR and the risk of MAFLD. In addition, this study used a two‐part linear regression model to identify threshold effects. Subgroup analysis, interaction tests and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were also carried out.

Results

The overall MAFLD prevalence reached 48.1%. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that SHR was positively correlated with the risk of MAFLD (OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.80–3.12). Subgroup analysis stratified by age, gender, hypertension and BMI showed that there was a consistent positive correlation. A non‐linear relationship and saturation effect between SHR and MAFLD risk were identified, with an inverted L shaped curve and an inflection point at 1.02. The area under the curve (AUC) for SHR in the ROC analysis was significantly greater than sdLDL‐C and HDL‐C, with a sensitivity of 71.2% and a specificity of 62.1%.

Conclusions

Elevated levels of SHR is independently associated with an increased risk of MAFLD in patients with T2DM. SHR may be taken as practical indicators to assess the risk of MAFLD in T2DM patients.
Market structure and price clustering: Maker‐taker versus taker‐maker
Authors: Cox Justin S. , Griffith Todd G. , Van Ness Robert A.
Published: January 2024

We examine whether the different fee structures on equity exchanges, maker‐taker or taker‐maker, affects the frequency with which security prices cluster on round increments. We find higher price clustering on traditional maker‐taker venues relative to inverted taker‐maker venues. These results generally hold at the individual exchange level and across transaction‐ and quotation‐level clustering measures. Furthermore, we document that quoted depth, both inside and outside the best prices, is significantly greater on maker‐taker venues than on taker‐maker venues. We show that liquidity supply is the main economic driver behind the difference in price clustering between market structures. Our findings indicate that fees and rebates alter order‐routing strategies, which affect the precision of asset prices.
Application of fractional carbon dioxide laser monotherapy in keloids: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Jinhui , Yu Qi , Zhou Qiujun , Tao Maocan , Cao Yi , Yang Xiaohong
Published: January 2024

Background

There is no evidence‐based guidance on the use of fractional CO2 laser in the excision of scars.

Aim

To explore the effectiveness and safety of fractional CO2 laser in the treatment of keloids.

Methods

In this meta‐analysis, we searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases from inception to April 2023. We only included studies reporting fractional CO2 laser treatment of keloids. We excluded duplicate published studies, incomplete studies, those with incomplete data, animal experiments, literature reviews, and systematic studies.

Results

The pooled results showed that the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) parameters of height weighted mean difference (WMD) = −1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI): −1.46 to −0.74), pigmentation (WMD = −0.61, 95% CI: −1.00 to −0.21), and pliability (WMD = −0.90, 95% CI: −1.17 to −0.63) were significantly improved after fractional CO2 laser treatment of keloids. However, vascularity did not significantly change. Additionally, the total VSS was significantly improved after treatment (WMD = −4.01, 95% CI: −6.22 to −1.79). The Patient Scars Assessment Scale was significantly improved after treatment (WMD = −15.31, 95% CI: −18.31 to −12.31). Regarding safety, the incidences of hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, pain, telangiectasia, and atrophy were 5%, 0%, 11%, 2% (95% CI: 0%–6%), and 0% (95% CI: 0%–4%), respectively.

Conclusions

Fractional CO2 laser is effective in the treatment of keloids and can effectively improve the height, pigmentation, and pliability of scars, and patients are satisfied with this treatment. Further studies should explore the role of combination therapy.
Linking intrinsic scales of ecological processes to characteristic scales of biodiversity and functioning patterns
Authors: Zelnik Yuval R. , Barbier Matthieu , Shanafelt David W. , Loreau Michel , Germain Rachel M.
Published: January 2024

Ecology is a science of scale, which guides our description of both ecological processes and patterns, but we lack a systematic understanding of how process scale and pattern scale are connected. Recent calls for synthesis between population ecology, community ecology, and ecosystem ecology motivate the integration of phenomena at multiple organizational levels. Furthermore, many studies leave out the scaling of a critical process: species interactions, which may be non‐local through movement or foraging and must be distinguished from dispersal scales. Here, we use simulations to explore the consequences of three different process scales (species interactions, dispersal, and the environment) on emergent patterns of biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and their relationship, in a spatially‐explicit landscape and stable equilibrium setting. A major result of our study is that the spatial scales of dispersal and species interactions have opposite effects: a larger dispersal scale homogenizes spatial biomass patterns, while a larger interaction scale amplifies their heterogeneity. Interestingly, the specific scale at which dispersal and interaction scales begin to influence landscape patterns depends on the scale of environmental heterogeneity – in other words, the scale of one process allows important scales to emerge in other processes. This interplay between process scales, i.e. a situation where no single process dominates, can only occur when the environment is heterogeneous and the scale of dispersal small. Finally, contrary to our expectations, we observe that the spatial scale of ecological processes is more clearly reflected in landscape patterns (i.e. distribution of local outcomes) than in global patterns such as species–area relationships (SARs) or large‐scale biodiversity–functioning relationships. Overall we conclude that long‐range interactions often act differently and even in opposite ways to dispersal, and that the landscape patterns that emerge from the interplay of long‐ranged interactions, dispersal and environmental heterogeneity are not well captured by often‐used metrics like the SAR.
The elite eating quality alleles Wxb and ALKb are regulated by OsDOF18 and coordinately improve head rice yield
Authors: Zhu Maodi , Liu Yongqiang , Jiao Guiai , Yu Junming , Zhao Rumeng , Lu Ao , Zhou Wei , Cao Ni , Wu Jiamin , Hu Shikai , Sheng Zhonghua , Wei Xiangjin , Zhao Fengli , Xie Lihong , Ahmad Shakeel , Lin Yongjun , Shao Gaoneng , Tang Shaoqing , Hu Peisong
Published: January 2024

Head rice yield (HRY) measures rice milling quality and determines final grain yield and commercial value. Here, we report that two major quantitative trait loci for milling quality in rice, qMq‐1 and qMq‐2, represent allelic variants of Waxylv/Waxyb (hereafter Wx) encoding Granule‐Bound Starch Synthase I (GBSSI) and Alkali Spreading Value ALKc/ALKb encoding Soluble Starch Synthase IIa (SSIIa), respectively. Complementation and overexpression transgenic lines in indica and japonica backgrounds confirmed that Wx and ALK coordinately regulate HRY by affecting amylose content, the number of amylopectin branches, amyloplast size, and thus grain filling and hardness. The transcription factor OsDOF18 acts upstream of Wx and ALK by activating their transcription. Furthermore, rice accessions with Wxb and ALKb alleles showed improved HRY over those with Wxlv and ALKc. Our study not only reveals the novel molecular mechanism underlying the formation of HRY but also provides a strategy for breeding rice cultivars with improved HRY.
The application of behavioral change theories in addressing vaccine hesitancy: A Literature Review
Authors: Pan Warren Kemuel M.
Published: January 2024

Vaccination is vital in combating infectious diseases, including COVID‐19. Nevertheless, vaccine hesitancy poses a substantial obstacle to achieving high vaccination rates. This study investigated the determinants of vaccine hesitancy using behavioral change theories and proposes a comprehensive conceptual framework to address this challenge.The paper conducted a review of several behavior change theories relevant to understanding vaccine hesitancy. The health belief model (HBM) highlighted the importance of individuals' perceptions of the effectiveness of health behaviors and their perceived susceptibility to illness. The social cognitive model (SCT) underscored the role of personal experiences, environmental factors, and social support in shaping health behaviors. The theory of reasoned action and planned behavior (TRA) suggested that attitudes and subjective norms are crucial in determining behavioral intentions. The transtheoretical model (TTM) outlined stages of behavior change, while the socio–ecological model (SEM) considered factors at individual, relationship, community, and societal levels. Comprehending vaccine hesitancy is essential for developing effective strategies to promote vaccine acceptance. This study, which examined vaccine hesitancy through various behavior change theories, sought to shed light on the factors influencing vaccine hesitancy among Filipinos. The resulting conceptual framework offers guidance for future interventions aimed at addressing vaccine hesitancy and ultimately improving vaccination rates.
Clinical significance of decreased or loss ofABOblood group expression in acute myeloid leukaemia: A single‐centre retrospective study
Authors: Han Jay Ho , Lee Howon , Kim Jae Kwon , Yoo Jaeeun , Park Kyuho , Jekarl Dong Wook , Kim Yonggoo
Published: January 2024

Background and Objectives

Decreased or loss of ABO blood group antigen expression has been observed in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients. We studied the clinical significance of this group in AML patients.

Materials and Methods

This was a retrospective, single‐centre cohort study in which the data were retrieved from April 2009 to December 2019. A total of 1592 AML patients with normal ABO blood group antigen (Group I) and 65 patients of decreased or loss of ABO blood group antigen (Group II) group were enrolled. Data were collected at the time of initial admission for pathological diagnosis. To interrogate the underlying mechanism, publicly available The Cancer Genome Atlas AML data were downloaded.

Results

Group II consisted of 3.9% (65/1657) of AML patients. The 90‐day survival (D90) probability was higher for Group II with a mean survival of 86.4 days compared to 80.6 days for Group I (p = 0.047). Group II had higher haematocrit (28.6 vs. 27.4%) and lowerd‐dimer, fibrinogen degradation production and C‐reactive protein. Publicly available data revealed that among 11 CpG methylation sites within theABOgene, 4 sites with elevated methylation level were associated with improved D90 survival probability and demonstrated an inverse correlation withABOgene expression. Lower expression of theABOgene showed improved survival trends for D90 (p = 0.058) and 180‐day survival (p = 0.072).

Conclusion

AML with decreased expression or loss of ABO blood group showed better early survival during D90. Transfusion support for this subgroup of AML patients should be meticulously performed considering serum typing.
ASSESSMENT OF ROLL AND PITCH CONTROL OF UTM JAGADRONE
Authors: H. Nazymudeen M. Hafizuddin , Mohd Nasir Mohd Nazri
Published: January 2024

This paper aims to quantify the flying qualities of UTM JagaDrone using autonomous and semi-autonomous PID tuning. Drone technology has grown in popularity worldwide due to its applications, notably in security and surveillance. The JagaDrone is completely autonomous aerial surveillance, and this first aerial responder is equipped with an emergency stream video while flying to avoid obstacles and track a target. We conducted the tuning process using an open-source ArduPilot Mission Planner, and the tuned PID value was tested by carrying out numerous flight tests. In general, the flight testing of JagaDrone has unique aspects caused by the absence of a pilot onboard and the reduced reliability of the system. The flight test aims to ensure the JagaDrone is manufactured properly and in a condition for safe operations. This paper presents an experimental validation of multicopters to determine the desired tune method for the PID controller applied for multicopters. From the tuning, it was found that the significant overshoot and the settling time were reduced by 50%, which shows an improvement in the stability of a multicopter. Thus, the proposed method is valid and can be used as a reference for multicopter tuning. The result proves that the method used in this experiment produces a stable tune for a multicopter. The method proposed in this paper can be used to carry out both autonomous and semi-autonomous PID tuning.
ENHANCING TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE TRIOLEATE BIOLUBRICANT WITH METHYL LAURATE ADDITIVE
Authors: Lee Mei Bao , Anak Balan Elizabeth , Lee Chiew Tin
Published: January 2024

Vegetable oil derived biolubricant often suffer from low oxidative and thermal oxidative stability, limiting their effectiveness as lubricants. Chemical modification through the addition of additive offers a solution to enhance their physicochemical and tribological properties. This study aims to analyse the impact of incorporating Methyl Laurate (ML) as an additive to Trimethylolpropane (TMP) Trioleate biolubricant and determine the optimal ML concentration. Three types of ML provided by Wilmar Oleochemicals & Biofuels were tested, with ML concentrations ranging up to 15 wt% in TMP trioleate. The double bond content, evaluated through the iodine value (IV), influenced the oxidative stability of the biolubricant. Wettability was assessed using Image J software following ASTM D733, and viscosity-temperature relations were analysed to determine the viscosity index (VI) according to ASTM D445. Results showed that 100% ME1299 ML type exhibited the lowest IV, better wettability, and higher VI. Therefore, adding 15 wt% of 100% ME1299 ML to TMP trioleate yielded the most desirable combination, resulting in improved viscosity-temperature relations compared to the base oil.
MECHANICAL MODIFICATION OF REMOTE-CONTROLLED (RC) GO-KART
Authors: Abu Bakar Saiful Anuar , Azmi Faiz Ikmal
Published: January 2024

This paper presents the design and develop mechanical modifications for a go-kart. The project encompasses the description of modifications to the throttle, brake, and steering systems, as well as the static control of the integrated system. To determine the required load, a measurement process is conducted. Subsequently, conceptual designs for the pedal system and steering system are generated and evaluated. The component selection follows a series of theoretical analyses. The chosen design undergoes static analysis using Finite Element Analysis in SolidWorks software. A simulation is performed to determine the stress exerted on the entire system. The location and magnitude of the maximum stress are identified to ascertain the safety factor of the system. The arrangement of the system is planned through packaging layout design. The fabricated parts of the pedal and steering systems are able to withstand the operational load based on the design specifications.
In Media We Trust - A Solution to Disinformation and Fake News in Albanian Audiences during the Russia-Ukraine War
Authors: Gogo Valmora
Published: January 2024

In this study we have analyzed the impact of disinformation and fake news in Albanian Audiences during the Russia-Ukraine war and we present the solutions given from the Albanian audiences and Albanian journalists in fighting these phenomena.We have explored how the Albanian audiences have reacted to the information received from the international and national media during the Russia-Ukraine war, what media narratives were disseminated and how endangered these audiences were. We have investigated the role of Albanian journalists and their recommendations to minimize the spread of disinformation in times of crises. Do we trust the media? What is the main and immediate solution to disinformation and fake news during crises? What about other solutions?Two hypotheses have been formulated: Hypothesis 1 (H1): Albanian audiences have been faced with disinformation and fake news, creating uncertainty about the accuracy of the events during the Russia-Ukraine war, and Hypothesis 2 (H2): To fight disinformation and fake news primarily it is needed that media and journalists increase their professional level.By means of a qualitative content analysis in the Albanian media (mainstream and social) and two online questionnaires on Albanian audiences (N=387) and Albanian journalists (N=42) we find that Albanian audiences have been faced with disinformation and fake news and in order to fight disinformation and fake news primarily it is needed that the media and journalists increase their professional level.
Casimir effect of a rough membrane in 2 + 1 Hořava–Lifshitz theory
Authors: Bórquez Claudio , Droguett Byron
Published: January 2024

We investigate the Casimir effect of a rough membrane within the framework of the Hořava–Lifshitz theory in $$2+1$$

2
+
1

dimensions. Quantum fluctuations are induced by an anisotropic scalar field subject to Dirichlet boundary conditions. We implement a coordinate transformation to render the membrane completely flat, treating the remaining terms associated with roughness as a potential. The spectrum is obtained through perturbation theory and regularized using the $$\zeta $$
ζ
-function method. We present an explicit example of a membrane with periodic border. Additionally, we consider the effect of temperature. Our findings reveal that the Casimir energy and force depend on roughness, the anisotropic scaling factor and temperature.
Trends, Opportunities, and Challenges of the Ethiopian Soybean Export Market in the Past Two Decades (2004–2022)
Authors: Molla Habtamu Setargachew , Ayele Zemen Ayalew , Zeleke Marye Aragaw
Published: January 2024

The study was conducted to assess the trends, opportunities, and challenges of the Ethiopian soybean export market in the past two decades (2004–2022), and forecasted the next 10‐year export performance of the sector, to identify intervention area for factors that affects soybean export performance in the country. To address the objectives most latest scientific literature was intensely reviewed and the next 10 yearsʼ export was forecasted using Box–Jenkins, ARIMA (4,1,0). The review found out that in Ethiopia more than 90% of soybeans supplied to the market have been exported with a high increase for the past two decades but not comparable with the rise in the global market. In the country, there are unexploited high production and export opportunities associated with convenient agroecology condition zones for production, cheap and abundant labor force, popularity of the oilseed in the international market, and abundant arable land in the country. Nevertheless, in the past two decades, the sector was highly challenged by low productivity and quality of the crop; political instability and security situation; high price volatility, and competition in the international market. Unless the situation is improved, the ARIMA forecasted model result indicates Ethiopiaʼs soybean exports increase only to a certain extent in the next 10 years and the export bill of the country will be $97.4 million in 2032. Accordingly, the study identifies intervention areas including efficiently utilizing the existing abundant arable land and cheap labor force for production, improving the grain quality provided in the global market, protecting the popularity of Ethiopian organic oilseed, encouraging soybean marketing in Ethiopian commodity exchange platform, and secure political social instability in the country to improve the performance and benefit more from the sector.
Vitellin/Vitellogenin Is an Important Allergen in German Cockroach
Authors: Hadiwinarta Christian , Blank Alex , Somers Joshua , Schal Coby , Bronzert Charles , Sharma Kavita , Strader Michael B. , Hamilton Robert G. , Slater Jay E.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: German cockroach (GCr) aeroallergens are associated with allergic rhinitis and asthma. Vitellogenin (Vg) and vitellin (Vn) are abundant proteins in GCr blood and eggs (including egg cases), respectively, and are possible high molecular mass allergens. Prior efforts to purify Vg/Vn yielded amounts too small for subsequent studies. In this study, we report the affinity purification of Vg/Vn from whole-body defatted GCr powder and determination of the binding of Vg/Vn to anti-GCr IgE. Method: New Zealand white rabbits were immunized with pure Vg/Vn in Freund’s adjuvant, and IgG was purified from the rabbit sera and conjugated to cyanogen bromide (CNBr)-activated Sepharose. Aqueous extracts from GCr powder were passed over the column. After extensive washing, putative Vg/Vn was eluted in low-pH buffer, neutralized, and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). IgE binding of Vg/Vn was evaluated by inhibition of IgE binding to GCr-ImmunoCAP(I6) in sera from 10 GCr-allergic individuals. In addition, Vg/Vn was biotinylated and bound to ImmunoCAP-streptavidin, and direct IgE antibody binding to the immobilized Vg/Vn was determined in sera from 26 GCr-allergic individuals. Results: Vg/Vn isolated by affinity chromatography was 91% pure by LC-HRMS; contaminants included Bla g 3 (0.9%), human keratin (6%), and rabbit IgG. Vg/Vn inhibited IgE binding to GCr-ImmunoCAP(I6) in 8 of 10 sera. In direct-binding experiments, 21/26 (80%) sera had anti-Vg/Vn IgE at >0.10 kUA/L, while 11/26 (42%) sera were >0.35 kUA/L. Conclusions: We affinity-purified Vg/Vn and demonstrated that Vg/Vn-specific IgE antibody is a major component of GCr-specific IgE.
Protective Effect of Glutathione Administration on Ovarian Function in Female Rats with Cyclophosphamide-Induced Ovarian Damage
Authors: Yurttancikmaz Ebru Tansu , Ozcan Pinar , Tanoglu Fatma Basak , Tok Olgu Enis , Timur Hikmet Tunc , Cetin Caglar
Published: January 2024

Objectives: We investigated the potential of glutathione to protect ovarian function in rats exposed to cyclophosphamide by measuring serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels, follicle counts, and related parameters. Design: Forty-two adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups and treated with various combinations of cyclophosphamide, glutathione, and sodium chloride. On day 21, the rats were anesthetized, and their ovaries were removed for examination. Participants/Materials, Setting, Methods: Histopathological examination, serum AMH concentrations, follicle counts, AMH-positive staining of follicle percentages were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s test, with significance set at p < 0.05. Secondary measures encompassed histopathological examination and percentages of AMH-positive staining of follicles. Results: Significant differences were observed in follicle counts, AMH-positive follicle parameters, and serum AMH concentrations among the six groups. Group 2 (treated with cyclophosphamide) had the lowest primordial, primary, secondary, and antral follicle counts and the highest atretic count. Group 6, treated with cyclophosphamide and 200 mg/kg glutathione, showed improved follicle counts compared to those in group 2. Reducing the glutathione dose to 100 mg/kg was ineffective. Limitations: This was an experimental animal investigation with a comparatively modest sample size. Experimental studies should be conducted to determine the optimal dosage and duration of glutathione therapy. Information gathered from an experimental animal model may not yield precisely similar outcomes in humans; therefore, additional investigations are necessary to examine the impact of glutathione on women experiencing POI. Conclusions: The anti-oxidative protective effect of directly administered glutathione was demonstrated for the first time. Low-dose glutathione was ineffective, whereas a high dose yielded significant ovarian protection against cyclophosphamide. Our findings provide valuable insights for supplementing clinical trials on the protective effects of glutathione against ovarian damage.
The Downward Redistribution of Breath: Abolitionist Visions of Healing Justice from Chicago
Authors: Kapadia Ronak K.
Published: January 2024

A new generation of visionary artists, activists, and healers from queer and trans Black, Indigenous, and People of Colour communities offer a crucial wellspring for insurgent ideas about breathing, healing, and justice that contrast the dominant militarized policing order in the United States. At a time when the proliferating calamities of global fascism, climate chaos, and endless warfare appear ascendant across the planet, how do minoritarian cultural workers living and labouring in the heart of empire make sense of this dying world order while breathing life into new worlds through their creative practices? The ecology of minoritarian aesthetics emerging from recent overlapping protest movements in Chicago are working to turn the tide against prisons, policing, and American warfare. They offer a powerful roadmap for indexing the dystopian here and now of US imperial decline and imagining rebellious futures that can move us from despair and isolation to coalition and transformation.