bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Administration of Lycopene on Interleukin 8 Levels and Hospitalization Time of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations
Authors: Sutanto Yusup Subagio , Sagita Diana Kurniasari , Suradi Suradi , Kurniawan Hendra
Published: December 2020

Background: Exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is an acute condition, characterized by persistent air flow limitations, related to the excessive chronic inflammatory response in the airways and lung parenchyma caused by exposure to harmful gases or particles. Increased airway inflammation during exacerbations leads to increased levels of IL-8 and the risk of hospitalization. Lycopene is a carotenoid which has a positive effect on the respiratory system. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of administration  lycopene to IL-8 levels and hospitalization time of patients with COPD disease exacerbations.Methods: The  experimental test with pretest and posttest  design for 30 patients with COPD exacerbations in Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Hospital and Dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Sragen Hospital was conducted from February to March 2018. Samples were taken by consecutive sampling divided into two groups including the treatment group receiving standard therapy and lycopene 1x10 mg / day during treatment and the control group only receiving standard therapy. IL-8 levels  and hospitalization time of patients with COPD disease exacerbations  were measured.Results: There were significant differences between the treatment group compared to the control group for a decrease in IL-8 (p = 0.029) and a decrease in hospitalization time (p = 0,000).Conclusion: The administration of lycopene 1x10 mg / day significantly reduce IL-8 levels and hospitalization time of patient with COPD exacerbations.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: CAUSE OF STRESS AND COPING MECHANISM AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS YEAR 2013 – 2015 IN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA
Authors: Rahmi Aulia , Karimah Azimatul , Rehatta Nancy Margarita
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Background: Stress is response and acknowledged as a natural respond to problems in daily life. Coping is defined as a process used to confront stress with various degree of effectiveness. Purpose: To correlate cause of stress and coping mechanism based on sex and year of admission among Universitas Airlangga medical students year 2013, 2014, and 2015. Method: This study was observational analytic study. Data were taken by self-administrated questionnaires (demographic, Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire, and BriefCOPE)  Result: Respondents were dominated by female (60%) and  out of 90 answers, the most frequent stressor was Academic Relater stressor (45.12%) regardless of the gender and admission year, and the most frequent coping mechanism is Planning (79.50%)  and Religion for female students (80.75%) and 2013 students (78.75%). There was a significant correlation between stressor Intrapersonal and Interpersonal and Teaching and Learning Related also coping mechanism Planning, Humor, and Religion between male and female participants. There was also significant correlation between different admission year for coping mechanism Denial, Humor, and Self Blame. Conclusion: The most common stressor of the student year 2013, 2014, and 2015 with medical major in Universitas Airlangga is Academic Related and the most common coping mechanism is Planning.Keywords: medical student, academic stressor, coping mechanism, observational analytic study
HIPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM
Authors: Nanda Muhammad Rizky , Rahmadhani Rizki , Mohd. Andalas Mohd. Andalas
Published: December 2020

Abstrak. Hiperemesis gravidarum adalah muntah yang terjadi pada awal kehamilan sampai akhir kehamilan 20 minggu. Etiologinya belum diketahui secara pasti, tetapi beberapa ahli yang menyatakan bahwa erat hubungannya dengan faktor endokrin dan non endokrin. Mual dan muntah terjadi pada 60-80 % primigravida dan 40-60 % multigravida. 3, 4 Presentase hormon β-HCG akan meningkat sesuai dengan pertumbuhan plasenta. Diperkirakan hormon inilah yang mengakibatkan muntah melalui rangsangan terhadap otot polos lambung. Sehingga, semakin tinggi hormon HCG, semakin cepat pula rangsangan terhadap muntah mengakibatkan terhambatnya pertumbuhan janin. 4, 5, 6 Pada laporan kasus ini, kami memaparkan seorang wanita G1 Hamil 14-15 minggu datang dengan keluhan lemas akibat mual dan muntah sebanyak 20 kali sehari sejak 1 hari sebelum masuk rumah sakit. Berdasarkan pemeriksaan fisik ditemukan mata cekung dengan turgor kembali 2 detik. Hasil Laboratorium menunjukkan adanya hipoglikemia, dan ketonuria. Hasil ultrasonography (USG) ditemukan janin tunggal hidup intrauterin, usia kehamilan 11-12 minggu, CRL 4,63 cm. Berdasarkan PUQE (Pregnancy Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea) score, pasien didiagnosis dengan hiperemesis gravidarum stadium 1 dan mendapatkan terapi cairan, injeksi anti-emetik 4 mg/2 ml per 8 jam, asam folat 400 mcg per hari, dan suplementasi vitamin B kompleks per hari.Kata Kunci : Hiperemesis gravidarum, ketonuria, PUQE score
NYERI PERUT BERULANG SAAT HAID, BERISIKO MANDUL?
Authors: Andalas Mohd , Maharani Cut Rika , Shafithri Rayhan
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Stomach pain (dysmenorrhea) is abdominal cramps and pain during the menstrual period which can interfere with the daily activities of women of reproductive age. Dysmenorrhea is one of the symptoms that needs to be considered because it is often experienced by women and is an early sign of suffering from endometriosis. The presence of abdominal pain in women during menstruation, accompanied by pelvic pain, and infertility is a classic trias of symptoms used to diagnose endometriosis. Endometriosis occurs in almost 10% of women in the reproductive age period and more than 25-40% in infertile women. The risk of infertility is also linked because inflamed endometriosis tissue damages sperm and egg cells. Some treatments that can be done for patients with endometriosis are medical and surgical therapy. If medical therapy fails, operative laparoscopy can be alternative and hysterectomy can be considered for patients who no longer expect their reproductive function. Keywords: abdominal pain, endometriosis, infertility, dysmenorrhea. Abstrak. Nyeri Perut (dismenore) merupakan kram perut dan nyeri selama periode menstruasi yang dapat mengganggu aktivitas sehari-hari wanita usia reproduksi. Dismenore merupakan  salah satu gejala yang perlu dipertimbangkan karena kerap dialami wanita dan menjadi tanda awal  menderita endometriosis. Adanya nyeri perut pada wanita saat haid, disertai  nyeri panggul, dan infertilitas merupakan trias klasik gejala yang digunakan untuk mendiagnosis endometriosis. Endometriosis terjadi pada hampir 10% wanita dalam kurun  usia reproduksi dan lebih dari 25-40% pada wanita infertil (mandul). Risiko mandul juga dikaitkan karena jaringan endometriosis yang meradang merusak  sperma dan sel telur. Beberapa pengobatan yang dapat dilakukan pada penderita endometriosis adalah terapi medikamentosa dan pembedahan. Jika terapi medikamentosa gagal, laparoskopi operatif dapat menjadi altenatif dan histerektomi dapat dipertimbangkan pada pasien yang tidak mengharapkan fungsi reproduksi lagi. Kata Kunci: nyeri perut, endometriosis, infertilitas, dismenore.
Uji sitotoksik metformin hidroklorida terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D
Authors: Rangkuti Irma Yanti , Hasibuan Poppy Anjelisa Zaitun , Widyawati Tri , Ichwan M.
Published: December 2020

Abstrak. Latar Belakang. Kanker payudara merupakan penyakit berlebihnya pertumbuhan atau tidak terkendalinya perkembangan sel kanker payudara. Kanker merupakan suatu penyakit yang disebabkan kelainan genetik berupa mutasi DNA yang menyebakan hilangnya kontrol pertumbuhan. Gangguan genetik ini menyebabkan terganggunya siklus sel dan apoptosis. Metformin merupakan suatu antihiperglikemik yang digunakan pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Penurunan risiko kanker terjadi pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang menggunakan metformin. Uji sitotoksik untuk agen anti kanker merupakan uji skrining awal untuk menilai potensi efek anti kanker. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek sitotoksik metformin hidroklorida terhadap pertumbuhan sel kanker payudara T47D. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental uji invitro terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D yang dipaparkan metformin HCl konsentrasi 5000; 2500; 1250; 312.5 dan 156,25 μM selama 24 jam. Sebagai pembanding digunakan paclitaxel konsentrasi 1000; 500; 250; 31,25 dan 15,625 nM. Uji sitotoksik menggunakan metode MTT untuk menentukan IC50.Data dianalaisis menggunakan analisa probit. Hasil : IC50  metformin HCl adalah 13457.3 ± 1096,5 μM. IC50 paclitaxel adalah 1577.2 ± 115.3 nM. Efek anti kanker metformin lebih kecil dibanding paclitaxel. Kata Kunci: Metformin HCl, T47D, uji sitotoksik, IC50 Abstract. Breast cancer is a disease in which there is excessive growth or uncontrolled development of breast tissue cells. Cancer is a disease caused by genetic disorders caused by DNA mutations that cause loss of growth control. This genetic disorder affects the cell cycle and cell apoptosis and causes the formation of cancer. Metformin is an antihyperglycemic in type 2 diabetes mellitus patient. The decrease in cancer risk occured in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who used metformin. Cytotoxic test for agent anti cancer  is screening test to investigate the potency cancer effect of substance. The goal of this study was determining the cytotoxic effect of metformin hydrochloride to T47D breast cancer cell. The method : This sudy was experimental study, invitro test to T47D breast cancer cell using metformin HCl 5000; 2500; 1250; 312.5; and 156.25 μM for 24 hours. Paclitaxel used as postiive control with concentration were 1000; 500; 250; 31,25 and 15,625 nM. Cytotoxic test using MTT method to determine IC50. Data were analyzed using probit analysis using SPSS 22 version. The result of cytotoxic test showed that IC50 metformin HCl was 13457.3 ± 1096,5 μM. While IC50 paclitaxel as control was 1577.2 ± 115.3 nM. The effect of cancer metformin HCl was lower than paclitaxel.Keywords: Metformin HCl, T47D, cytotoxic test, IC50
Efektivitas ekstrak etanol biji kurma mesir (Phoenix dactylifera L.) sebagai antibakteri terhadap Streptococcus pyogenes secara in vitro
Authors: Pratama Lilia Putri , Purwanta Marijam , Qurnianingsih Ema
Published: December 2020

Abstrak. Kurma (Phoenix dactylifera L.) telah dikonsumsi secara luas di seluruh duniadan diketahui memiliki banyak manfaat di bidan kesehatan. Salah satu mafaatnya yaitu sebagai obat terhadap faringitis yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Streptococcus pyogenes. Terdapat ±517.000 kematian pertahun yang disebabkan oleh infeksi Streptococcus pyogenes dan komplikasinya. Sejauh ini telah banyak studi mengenai manfaat daging kurma, namun manfaat terhadap biji kurma belum banyak diteliti. Maka dari itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efek antibakteri ekstrak etanol biji kurma Mesir (Phoenix dactylifera L.) pada Streptococus pyogenes  secara in vitro dengan uji Konsentrasi Hambat Minimal (KHM) menggunakan metode dilusi serial dan uji Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimal (KBM) dengan inokulasi pada media agar darah. Konsentrasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 1428.57 mg/ml, 714,29 mg/ml, 357.14 mg/ml, 178.57 mg/ml, 89.29 mg/ml, 44,64 mg/ml, 22,32 mg/ml, dan 11,16 mg/ml. Dari penelitian tersebut didapatkan bahwa Konsentrasi Hambat Minimal (KHM) tidak dapat ditentukan dan nilai Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimal (KBM) sebesar 1428.57 mg/ml. Ekstrak etanol biji kurma Mesir (Phoenix dactylifera L.) efektif sebagai antibakteri terhadap Streptococcus pyogenes dengan nilai signifikan 0,002 (p0,05)Kata Kunci: Biji Kurma Mesir, Phoenix dactylifera L., Streptococcus pyogenes, faringitis Abstract. Dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) are widely consumed in various parts of the world and are known to have many benefits in the health sector. One of them is pharyngitis medication caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. There are ±517.000 deaths per year which caused by Streptococcus pyogenes infection and its complication. So far there have been many studies on the benefits of date flesh, but the benefits of the seeds have not been widely studied. The aim of this study is to test the anti-bacterial effect of the ethanol extract of Egyptian Phoenix dactylifera L. seed on Streptococcus pyogenes in vitro by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration test using serial dilution method and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) in blood agar plate inoculates.  The concentration used in this study are 1428.57 mg/ml, 714,29 mg/ml, 357.14 mg/ml, 178.57 mg/ml, 89.29 mg/ml, 44,64 mg/ml, 22,32 mg/ml, and 11,16 mg/ml. From this study the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) can not be determined and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration is 1428.57 mg/ml. Ethanol extract of Egyptian Phoenix dactylifera L. seed effective as antibacteri against Streptococcus pyogenes with a significant value of 0,002 (p 0,05).Keywords: date palm seeds, Phoenix dactylifera L, Streptococcus pyogenes, pharyngitis.
Distributed Ledger Technologies for Inclusive Postal Financial Services: Blockchain and More
Authors: Chidepatil Aditya , Sankaran Krishnaswamy
Published: December 2020

Distributed ledger technologies are emerging as important tools that can positively impact almost all major industries and activities in our society. They are increasingly used in various supply (value) chain applications including financial, governance, regulations, health, logistics, and other industrial sectors. In this letter, we are presenting various ongoing work related to different distributed ledger technologies and their applications in postal sector. In particular, we will highlight some of the innovations in the inclusive financial services for the underbanked and unbanked populations using distributed ledger technologies.
SUMBER PENCEMAR KUALITAS DAN TINGKAT PENCEMARAN AIR DANAU BUYAN DI KECAMATAN SUKASADA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI
Authors: Sumarya I Made , Ayu Juliasih Ni Ketut , Sudiartawan I Putu
Published: December 2020

This research objective examined the source of pollutants, water quality and water pollution level of Buyan Lake. The research conducted field observation to identify the source of pollutants, measuring the water quality and water pollution level of Lake Buyan compared to the standard of environmental quality and damage criteria. This research employed the newest standard measurement and equipment in purpose of water and wastewater inspection. Furthermore, this research used STORET method to analys the pollution level. The results discovered that the pollutant’s source was the settlement and agricultural activities around Buyan Lake. The average value of physical parameters i.e temperature, dissolved residue (TDS), suspended residue (TSS), turbidity and brightness are 23.02 oC; 127 mg.L-1, 4.71 mg L-1, 12.52 JTU; and 133.6 cm respectively. The average values ??of the chemical parameters i.e. pH, DO, BOD5, COD, NO3, NO2, Ammonia and Phosphate are 7.48, 5.95 mg.L-1*, 25.46 mg.L-1*, 42.99 mg.L-1*, 1.25 mg.L-1, 0.054 mg.L-1, 0.158 mg.L-1, and 0.149 mg.L-1 respectively. The average values ??of bacteriological parameters i.e Fecal Coliform and Total Coliform are 32.8 MPN/100 ml and 392 MPN/100 ml. The comparation results showed that DO, BOD5, COD, NO2, ammonia, phosphate, fecal coliform and total coliform exceed the Class I Standard of Water Quality. STRORET analysis confirmed a high level of pollution i.e. -40. The overall results show that Buyan Lake water is in the heavily polluted category due to domestic and agricultural activities.

Keywords: Buyan Lake; Pollutant Sources; Pollution Level and Water Quality.
STATUS KUALITAS AIR DI KAWASAN PARIWISATA NUSA PENIDA
Authors: Sudipa Nyoman , Sudiana Mahendra Made , Sandi Adnyana Wayan , Pujaastawa Ida Bagus
Published: December 2020

Environmental water quality is very influential on environmental sustainability and tourism in the Nusa Penida Tourism Area. Changes in environmental water quality are influenced by human activities in utilizing environmental resources. As a developing tourism area, Nusa Penida has a source of environmental water from springs, groundwater and has marine waters with biodiversity that become underwater paradise. The method used by analyzing water quality uses a standardized quality approach based on Bali Governor's Regulation No. 16 of 2016 concerning Environmental Quality Standards and Environmental Damage Quality Criteria and to find out the water pollution index using the approach of the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 51 of 2004, then compared with environmental water quality using environmental water quality tests that have been carried out in the Study of Analysis Regarding the Environmental Impact of the Nusa Penida Tourism Area in 1998.Tests for the quality of sea water, well water and spring water in 2019 each showed relatively better results compared to the results of quality tests for sea water, well water and spring water in 1998. Influential parameters The index of sea water pollution, well water and spring water in Nusa Penida are turbidity parameters, free ammonia (NH3-N) dissolved residue (TDS) and total coliform, respectively.Keywords: environment; quality; water; tourism; Nusa Penida.
LAND SUBSIDENCE MONITORING ON THE UNDERGROUND MRT CONSTRUCTION AREA IN JAKARTA, INDONESIA
Authors: Bernike Chara , Nagai Masahiko , Osawa Takahiro
Published: December 2020

Space utilization for measurement of the changes of Earth’s surface is an alternative monitoring technique. Covering a large area with better spatial resolution, comparable accuracy and costly low compared with conventional measurement have made SAR technology more popular in monitoring the subsidence. Land subsidence is the vertical movement of the land surface mainly triggered by fluid extraction, load of construction, geological condition, natural compaction or tectonic activity. Previous researchers have found that Jakarta has experienced land subsidence for decades. On the other hand, rapid urban growth and severe congestion problem in Jakarta are also crucial issues. By providing the first MRT subway, it is expected to be solved the congestion problem. Persistent Scatterer Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (PSInSAR) is one of method to identify the deformation with millimeter accuracy. It was perfectly useful for studied on the land subsidence in consequence of the first MRT subway project in Jakarta. The land displacement monitoring along MRT subway trajectory has been acquired by processing Sentinel 1 and ALOS PALSAR-2. This study was able to investigate the land subsidence by using SARPROZ. Finally, the results of this study indicated that land subsidence occurred in the construction area with the lowest land subsidence rate of -0.6 cm/year and the highest land subsidence rate was -7.3 cm/year.

Keywords: PSInSAR; subway; land subsidence; MRT.
Deteksi Escherichia coli O157 pada air minum di Kelurahan Sekaran Gunungpati Semarang
Authors: Jayanti Devi Dwi , Susanti R , Yuniastuti Ari , Suardana I Wayan
Published: December 2020

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeteksi adanya bakteri Escherichia coli O157 pada air minum kemasan, air minum isi ulang, dan air sumur di Kelurahan Sekaran Gunungpati Semarang. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 20 sampel yang terdiri atas 4 merk air minum kemasan, 8 sampel air minum isi ulang, dan 8 sampel air sumur. Penelitian diawali dengan tahap isolasi E.coli pada medium Eosin Methylen Blue Agar (EMBA), yang dilanjutkan ke medium Sorbitol MacConkey Agar (SMAC) untuk identifikasi E.coli O157 dilanjutkan uji lateks aglutinasi (OXOID) dan diakhiri dengan uji konfirmasi gen rfbE menggunakan teknik Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 8 sampel yang positif E.coli pada medium SMAC menunjukkan positif E.coli O157 (colorless). Uji lateks aglutinasi juga menunjukkan 8 sampel positif E.coli O157 seperti kontrol ATCC 43894. E.coli ATCC 43894 dan 8 sampel E.coli dari berbagai air minum di Kelurahan Sekaran Gunungpati Semarang menunjukkan positif E.coli O157.
Distribusi dan keanekaragaman jenis makroalga pada ekosistem lamun dan terumbu karang di pantai Desa Haya, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah, Provinsi Maluku
Authors: Melsasail Karel M , Namakule Umar
Published: December 2020

Haya merupakan salah satu desa di Kabupaten Maluku Tengah yang memiliki keanekaragaman jenis makroalga tersebar pada berbagai habitat dan belum teridentifikasi jenis serta sebarannya pada ekosistem lamun dan terumbu karang. Selain itu juga, keberadaan makroalga terancam oleh berbagai macam aktifitas masyarakat seperti pembuangan sampah dan limbah rumah tangga ke pantai, serta aktifitas nelayan menggunakan perahu yang merusak habitat makroalga. Dengan demikian peneliti merasa sangat perlu untuk melaksanakan penelitian ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui distribusi dan keanekaragaman jenis makroalga pada ekosistem lamun dan terumbu karang di pantai desa Haya. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode transek liniear kuadrat. Transek yang digunakan sebanyak 5 buah dengan kuadrat berukuran 1x1 meter sebanyak 10 buah, serta didukung dengan pengukuran parameter fisika kima perairan seperti suhu menggunakan termometer, kuat arus menggunakan bola arus, kedalaman menggunakan tongkat berskala, salinitas menggunakan refaktometer, dan pH menggunakan pH meter. Jenis makroalga yang ditemukan di pantai Desa Haya sebanyak 12 jenis, 5 jenis pada ekosistem lamun dan 7 jenis pada terumbu karang. Distribusi makroalga pada ekosistem lamun dengan cara melekat pada substrat pasir dan lumpur, sedangkan pada terumbu karang dengan cara melekat dan menancap pada batu karang di rataan terumbu. Nilai keanekaragaman jenis makroalga pada ekosistem lamun tergolong rendah (1,381), sedangkan pada terumbu karang tergolong sedang (2,806). Kondisi faktor fisika-kimia perairan berupa suhu (29,2°C), kuat arus (23,8 cm/detik), kedalaman (124 cm), dan salinitas air laut (32,9 ppt) masih berada dalam kisaran yang baik untuk pertumbuhan makroalga, sedangkan derajat keasaman (pH) air laut (6,07) berada dalam kisaran yang tidak baik bagi perumbuhan makroalga.
Potensi Bacillus cereus dalam produksi biosurfaktan
Authors: Setiani Nur Asni , Agustina Nia , Mardiah Irma , Hamdani Syarif , Astriany Dewi
Published: December 2020

Biosurfaktan dari mikroorganisme mempunyai sifat fisika kimia yang stabil, tidak mencemari lingkungan, mudah terurai, dapat diperbaharui, lebih murah dan memiliki toksisitas rendah sehingga dapat digunakan dalam industri farmasi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji aktivitas emulsifikasi dan karakterisasi biosurfaktan dari  Bacillus cereus. Uji hemolisis dan oli spreading dilakukan sebagai penapisan awal. Produksi biosurfaktan menggunakan sistem bacth yang dishaker selama 7 hari. Supernatan diuji aktivitas biosurfaktan melalui indeks emulsifikasi dan dikarakterisasi menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis serta pengujian kualitatif antibakteri. Bacillus cereus dapat menghidrolisis darah dan menyebarkan lapisan minyak Hasil indeks emulsifikasi pada hari ke  0, 1, 3, 5, dan 7 secara berurutan 44,83%, 48,28%, 51,72%, 46,43%, dan 51,50%. Hasil KLT yang ditandai noda merah dengan penampak ninhidrin menunjukkan golongan lipopeptida. Pengujian antibakteri menggunakan Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus menunjukkan terbentuknya zona bening di sekitar kertas cakram. Bacillus cereus dapat menghasilkan biosurfaktan golongan lipopeptida dengan indeks emulsifikasi terbesar 51.72% pada hari ketiga dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap gram positif maupun gram negatif.
FORMULASI DAN UJI PELEPASAN KRIM EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN JAMBU BIJI DENGAN POTENSI ANTIJERAWAT
Authors: Dewi N. P. Y. A. , Pebriani N. L. G. W. , Duarsa P. A. , Warnaya P. C. I. , Candraningrat I. D. A. A. D. , Arisanti C. I. S.
Published: December 2020

Guava leaves contain quercetin which can inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acne. Thus, guava leaves have the potential to be anti-acne. Based on the benefits of guava leaves, it is necessary to formulate the ethanol extract of guava leaves in cream preparation and its characterization as well as to know the rate of releasing active substances. Preparation and standardization of guava leaf simplicia was carried out. After that, maceration, standardization and phytochemical screening of guava leaf ethanol extract were done. Positive extracts containing flavonoids were formulated into cream preparation. The concentration of stearic acid as emulgator of 14% and 18% was optimized. The formula was tested for physical and chemical properties such as organoleptic, spreadability, adhesion, viscosity and pH. The optimum formula was characterized using Franz diffusion test to determine the release of the active substance. The results showed that concentration of stearic acid as emulgator influenced the physical and chemical properties of the cream. Based on the results of this study it could be concluded that the optimum formula was stearic acid concentration of 14% with the release active substances for 3 hours of 2,5882 mg.

Keywords: Guava leaves, acne, cream, stearic acid, diffusion
PEMBUATAN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL DENGAN PENAMBAHAN ENZIM PAPAIN DARI EKSRAK DAUN PEPAYA (Carica papaya)
Authors: Suirta I W. , Astitiasih I. A. R.
Published: December 2020

Virgin coconut oil has been made by using papaya leaf extract as a source of the papain enzyme. Papaya leaf extraction with maceration used ethanol 95% as solvent. The crude ethanol extract was purified by means of gradient column chromatography using hexane, diethyl ether and ethanol as solvents. The results showed that using papaya leaf extract could significantly increase the quantity of VCO. Coconut milk cream without treatment (negative control) obtained 3.0042 ± 0.046g of VCO, while treatment with papaya leaf extract gained 6,039 ± 0.049 - 7,952 ± 0.031g of VCO, an increase of about 97.5% - 161%. Based on the medium chain saturated fatty acids (MCFA) and long chain saturated fatty acids (LCFA) in VCO, it indicated that the quality of VCO obtained was not good. VCO in diethyl ether fraction and crude extract etanol produced yellow VCO, indicating chlorophyll was still there. Etanol fraction of VCO provided the best quality with the most of lauric acid content and clear color. The VCO components identified using GCMS analysis obtained several fatty acids such as capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, and stearic epoxy. 

Keywords: virgin coconut oil, papain enzyme, papaya leaf extract

Telah dilakukan pembuatan virgin coconut oil dengan ekstrak daun pepaya sebagai sumber enzim papain. Proses ekstraksi daun pepaya dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 95%. Ekstrak kasar etanol hasil maserasi dimurnikan dengan cara kromatografi kolom elusi gradient menggunakan pelarut heksana, dietil eter, dan etanol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun pepaya secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan kuantitas VCO. Krim santan tanpa perlakuan (kontrol negatip) didapatkan berat VCO 3.0042±0,046g, sedangkan dengan ekstrak daun pepaya diperoleh berat VCO 6.039±0,049g – 7.952±0,031g, terjadi kenaikan sekitar 97,5% - 161%. Berdasarkan kandungan asam lemak rantai medium dan asam lemak rantai panjang pada VCO, menunjukkan bahwa kualitas VCO yang diperoleh masih kurang baik. Krim santan dengan daun pepaya fraksi dietil eter dan ekstrak kasar etanol menghasilkan  VCO berwarna kuning yang mengindikasikan masih terdapat klorofil. VCO fraksi etanol yang memberikan kualitas paling baik dengan kandungan asam laurat paling banyak dan berwarna bening. Komponen VCO yang teridentifikasi dari analisis GCMS diperoleh beberapa asam lemak seperti: asam kaprat, asam laurat, asam miristat, asam palmitat, asam oleat, asam stearat, dan epoksi stearat.

Kata kunci: virgin coconut oil, enzim papain, ekstrak daun pepaya
Identifikasi Peran UPT. Malioboro terhadap Penyandang difabel di Kawasan Malioboro, Yogyakarta (Analisis SOAR)
Authors: Pasaribu Asdalia Br , Suryasih Ida Ayu
Published: December 2020

This research background is the presence of persons with diffability in the Malioboro area who have not benefited from tourism activities , so that make people with diffability only show their limitations,  in addition  the difficulties  for persons with diffability have an impact on their  welfare. The Yogyakarta Government has an ambition to make Yogyakarta as an accessible city, to realizing that, the Malioboro Technical Implementation Unit has the duty to empower the community in the  Malioboro area according to its role.The objectives of this study are : 1) How the role of the involvement of Malioboro Technical Implementation Unit for People with diffability  and 2) What is the strategy of empowering people with diffability by stakeholders in the Malioboro tourism area. The analysis in this study is a descriptive qualitative analysis in reviewing the role of a technical unit to manage the  Malioboro area, called  Unit Pengelola Teknis (UPT) Malioboro involved in existing conditions and SOAR analysis of identified strengths, opportunities, expectations and results to be achieved. This research located in the Malioboro area, there is  a lot of people with diffability who have not paid enough attention to location.The results of the study show that the Malioboro Technical Implementation Unit has not carried out its duties in the field of empowerment and taking care of the of people with diffability.  The involvement is considered low, in addition,  the research indicates that many persons with diffability hope to be accommodated to receive the same tourism benefits, and are expected to be strongly involved in the future. 

Keyword:  Diffability, Empowerment, Technical Implementation Unit Malioboro
Analisis Sungai Ijo Gading Sebagai Daya Tarik Wisata di Kabupaten Jembrana, Bali
Authors: Candrawati Anak Agung Ketut Sri , Pramesti Dinar Sukma
Published: December 2020

Ijo Gading River is located in a strategic area which cuts across Negara, the capital city of Jembrana Regency, Bali. This river has a great potency to be packed as a tourism destination that can attract tourists to come. To develop the Ijo Gading River as one of tourism destinations, then it is necessary to conduct a research to analyze the internal and external factors possessed by Ijo Ga?ing River as one of tourism destinations at Jembrana, Bali. The results of the research are expected to be considerations for the community, government, and other related parties to develop the potency of Ijo Gading River. This study is a descriptive qualitative research which used observation, interview, literature research, and document study to gain data. The data were analyzed using SWOT analysis which stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats coming from the external factor. The results reveals, from the internal factors, Ijo Gading River possesses some strengths and weaknesses. Its strengths are its historical value, the richness of its culture, and natural landscape which is the traditional fishing boats. Meanwhile its weaknesses are it is not organized well yet, the lack of proper facilities, and the condition of the river that becomes shallower.  From the external perspective, Ijo Gading river has several threats and opportunities. The threats are the competitive atmosphere among the same kinds of tourism destinations, its function as a river is destroyed by the activities done around the river, as well as river pollution. But the opportunities are the large empty area, empowering the community, and the community's active participation to develop the tourism activities there.

Keyword: Potency, Ijo Gading River, tourism destination
Valuasi Ekonomi Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Pancar Kabupaten Bogor
Authors: Sukwika Tatan , Kasih Hendrietta
Published: December 2020

Mount Pancar Nature Park (TWAGP) was located in Karang Tengah Village, Babakan Madang District, Bogor Regency. As a unity of sustainability, the TWAGP ecosystem must be able to provide benefits with various values. In the context of the valuation approach, of course, there are practical and normative dimensions for selecting ecosystem services. This study aimed to determine the factors that affect the number of visits to TWAGP and calculate the economic valuation of TWAGP based on the travel cost method (TCM). The method used was TCM. This method was calculated based on total consumer surplus, the coefficient of travel expenses, and total visits respondents. The analysis showed that four factors influence visit frequency, to TWAGP including, cost of travel, level of education, length of knowledge and distance travelled. The consumer surplus of individuals per visit was Rp209.000, and the total economic value was Rp8.535.978.000. The recommendation is a response to the willingness of visitors to pay an additional entry fee than what enforced needs to followed by improving the quality of tourist attractions so that visitors are satisfied and increasingly want to return to visit.

 

Keyword: Consumer surplus, Economic valuation, Mount pancar nature park, Sustainability, Travel cost method
Strategi Pengembangan Pariwisata di Wisata BALKONDES Ngadiharjo di Kawasan Borobudur Kabupaten Magelang
Authors: Destiningsih Rian , Achsa Andhatu , Verawati Dian Marlina
Published: December 2020

Magelang has so many tours, nice and very interesting to visit. Balai Ekonomi Desa which is often abbreviated as Balkondes, is a tour that is only found in Magelang. Several tours feature Balkondes, but the destinations carried are different from Balkondes. Balkondes is the embodiment of the village community in developing the economic potential of the village, while the number of Balkondes in Magelang Regency is around 20 Balkondes. One of them, Balkondes Ngadiharjo is one of Balkondes that is unique and still frequently visited by tourists often as tourists. The purpose of this research is provide an overview to identify tourism development strategy in Balkondes Ngadiharjo. The method of the study used descriptive qualitative, Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) and the survey was undertaken on 57 respondents. The results showed that alternative development strategies for Balkondes Ngadiharjo include optimization of promotions, internet access, suitable facilities gave the wide location, environment-based tourism, outdoor events and the tendency to travel in eco-based niche tourism, Borobudur Temple tourists to visit Balkondes Ngadiharjo, increasing creativity Balkondes Ngadiharjo's innovation and uniqueness to maintain competition for the number of visitors between Balkondes and other tours, increase management professionalism, playgrounds, public facilities and innovation and creativity to maintain competition between Balkondes and other tourist objects so that the level of tourist visits is high and can give a positive impression that is memorable for visitors and have an impact on the high profitability of tourist objects.

 

Keyword: balkondes, tourism, strategy, swot
Karakteristik dan Makna Rekreasi Pengunjung dalam Leisure dan Recreation di Tukad Bindu Kota Denpasar
Authors: Ramadhan Shofyan Hadi , Arida I Nyoman Sukma
Published: December 2020

Tukad Bindu at first was well-known as the dirty river and contained tons of household waste thrown away by society. Nevertheless, since 2018 it became one of recreation center in Denpasar City. Many activities carried out currently and the more crowded Tukad Bindu becomes, it is necessary to conduct a research which is expected to be able to perceive the characteristic and the meaning of recreation in Tukad Bindu to be a consideration for further development. The research method used is qualitative method with qualitative descriptive data analysis technique. The data resource of this research is from primary and secondary data. Data collection technique is conducted by observation, interview, questionnaire, and documentation. Sample determination is committed by accidental sampling using nonprobability sampling technique. Informant determination is committed by purposive sampling procedure.The result of this research indicates that progress level of Tukad Bindu is start on the development stage. The characteristics of Tukad Bindu visitors are perceived from socio-demographic characteristic, demographic characteristic, and psychographic characteristic turns out to be very diverse. The meaning of visitors’ recreation after having recreation in Tukad Bindy mostly are social meaning. Community should keep supporting activities committed by Tukad Bindu Foundation, particularly the youths there. It is expected that Tukad Bindu Foundation continues to hold regular annual events, such as Pekan Nusantara. Academics should synergize with each other in order to create an integrated recreation area among the fields of fishery, agriculture, and tourism. 

Keyword:  Characteristics, The Meaning of Recreation, Leisure and Recreation
Desa Wisata Berbasis Wisata Ramah Anak di Desa Wisata Pemuteran Kabupaten Buleleng Provinsi Bali (Suatu Studi Kualitatif)
Authors: Sugiarti Dian Pramita , Sastrawan I Gede Anom , Ariwangsa I Made Bayu , Putri Nyoman Manik Mas Genitri
Published: December 2020

Tourists who come to visit Bali with their families will visit child-friendly tourist villages. The goal is that the child has a sense of security and comfort when visiting a tourist village. The experience will learn a new tourist area will increase enthusiasm and refresh children from all their activities. The identification of child- friendly tourism-based tourism villages is carried out to determine the level of safety, comfort and learning that children will get when carrying out tourism activities in the tourist village of Pemuteran, Buleleng Regency. The problem raised in this study is the identification of child-friendly tourism-based tourism villages and the identification of supporting facilities provided by tourism service providers in Pemuteran tourism village, Buleleng Regency.

Keywords :  Tourist Destination, Child Friendly, Tourist Villages.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN WORTEL TERHADAP TINGKAT KESUKAAN NUGGET AYAM
Authors: A. A. R. SUSANTI , HENDRAWATI I. A. , LIKAH S.
Published: December 2020

Kegiatan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh persentase penambahan wortel terhadap tingkat kesukaan (warna, bau, rasa, tekstur) nugget ayam. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di KWT Sejahtera (30 orang), Desa Jeruk Sok Sok, Kecamatan Binakal, Kabupaten Bondowoso.pada bulan Juni 2020. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode rancangan acak lengkap dengan 3 kali perlakuan: penambahan wortel P1 (15%), P2 (25%), P3 (35%) dan 6 kali ulangan. Analisis data menggunakan Uji Friedman dan Uji Lanjut Indeks Efektivitas de Garmo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan nyata (P<0,05) pengaruh persentase penambahan wortel terhadap tingkat kesukaan warna, bau dan tekstur nugget ayam dan tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata (P>0,05) pengaruh presentase penambahan wortel terhadap tingkat kesukaan rasa nugget ayam. Pada uji lanjut didapatkan bahwa perlakuan terbaik adalah perlakuan ketiga (35%) dengan skor NP 0,93. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan wortel sampai 35% pada aspek rasa, bau, tekstur nugget ayam masih bisa diterima dan disukai konsumen.
PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KACANG PINTO (Arachis pintoi) YANG DIBERI BERBAGAI JENIS DAN DOSIS PUPUK ANORGANIK DAN ORGANIK
Authors: N. G. K. RONI , LINDAWATI S. A.
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pertumbuhan tanaman kacang pinto (Arachis pintoi) yang diberi berbagai jenis dan dosis pupuk anorganik dan organik serta mendapatkan level terbaik berbagai jenis pupuk dalam meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman kacang pinto. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial dua faktor yaitu Faktor pertamajenis pupuk (A= Anorganik; OP= Organik Pabrik; BO= Bioorganik; BS= Biosluri), dan faktor kedua dosis pupuk (D0=tanpa Pupuk; D1= 100 kg Nha-1; D2= 200 kg N ha-1; dan D3= 300 kg Nha-1). Terdapat 16 kombinasi perlakuan, diulang 3 kali sehingga terdapat 48 unit percobaan. Peubah yang diamati meliputi panjang tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah cabang, diameter batang, berat kering daun, berat kering batang, berat kering total hijauan,luas daun per pot, dan nisbah berat kering daun/batang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terjadi interaksi antara jenis dengan dosis pupuk, semua jenis pupuk organik menghasilkan pertumbuhan tanaman kacang pinto (Arachis pintoi) yang cenderung lebih tinggi dibandingkan pupuk anorganik, dosis pupuk D1 dan D2 cenderung meningkatkan, sedangkan dosis D3 cenderung menurunkan pertumbuhan tanaman kacang pinto. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terjadi interaksi antara jenis dengan dosis pupuk, semua jenis pupuk organik menghasilkan pertumbuhan tanaman kacang pinto (Arachis pintoi) yang cenderung lebih baik dibandingkan dengan pupuk anorganik, dan dosis pupuk 120-200 kg Nha-1 cenderung optimal dalam mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman kacang pinto.
Timing of deformation along the Iron Springs thrust, southern Sevier fold-and-thrust belt, Utah: Evidence for an extensive thrusting event in the mid-Cretaceous
Authors: Quick J. Daniel , Hogan John P. , Wizevich Michael , Obrist-Farner Jonathan , Crowley James L.
Published: December 2020

The temporal and spatial distribution of strain associated with the Sevier orogeny in western North America is significantly different in the southern end of the belt, at the latitude of Las Vegas, Nevada, than farther to the north at the latitude of Salt Lake City, Utah. Reasons for these differences have been speculative as a lack of temporal constraints on thrusting in the intervening region hindered along-strike correlation across the belt. We determined a crystallization age of 100.18 ± 0.04 Ma for zircons extracted from a recently recognized dacite lapilli ash-fall tuff near the base of the synorogenic Iron Springs Formation. We propose the name “Three Peaks Tuff Member” for this unit, and identify a type stratigraphic section on the western flank of the “Three Peaks,” a topographic landmark in Iron County, Utah. Field relationships and this age constrain movement on the Iron Springs thrust and the end of the sub-Cretaceous unconformity in the critical intervening area to latest Albian/earliest Cenomanian. Movement on the Iron Springs thrust was synchronous with movement on multiple Sevier thrusts at ~100 Ma, indicating that the mid-Cretaceous was a period of extensive thrust-fault movement. This mid-Cretaceous thrusting event coincided with a period of global plate reorganization and increased convergence, and hence an increased subduction rate for the Farallon Plate beneath North America. The accelerated subduction contributed to a Cordilleran arc flare-up event and steepening of the orogenic wedge, which triggered widespread thrusting across the retroarc Sevier deformation belts. Additionally, based on temporal constraints and the strong spatial connection of mid-Cretaceous thrusts to lineaments interpreted as pre-orogenic transform faults, we suggest that temporal and spatial variations along the strike of the orogenic belt reflect tectonic inheritance of basement structures associated with the edge of the rifted Precambrian craton.
TİROİD İNCE İĞNE ASPİRASYON BİYOPSİSİ SONUCU ÖNEMİ BELİRSİZ ATİPİ TANISI KONULAN HASTALARIN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: SAHİN Serdar , ÇAVUŞOĞLU Turgut , KUBAT Mehmet , ÜSTÜN Hüseyin
Published: December 2020

Amaç: Tiroid bez
hastalıkları en önemli endokrin sorunlarından biridir. Tiroid
ince iğne aspirasyon biyopsisi (TİİAB)'nin ana
rolü; hastaları cerrahi ve konservatif tedavi seçenekleri açısından ayırt
etmektir. Bu çalışma ile Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’nde
tiroidektomi operasyonu uygulanmış hastalara ilişkin tiroid ince iğne
aspirasyon biyopsisi (TİİAB) sonuçları ile histopatoloji rapor sonuçlarının
karşılaştırılarak, tiroid nodüllerindeki İİAB etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi
amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ankara
Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’nde 2007-2012 yılları arasında TİİAB sonucu önemi
belirsiz atipi (AUS) tanısı konulan ve  troidektomi operasyonu yapılan hastaların
histopatolojik verileri karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular: Çalışmamıza
toplam 87 hasta dahil edildi. 77 (% 88.5) hasta kadın, 10 (% 11.5) hasta
erkekti. 77 kadın hastaya 55'i (% 71.4) benign, 22'si (% 28.6) malign nodül
teşhisi konuldu. On erkek hastanın 8'ine (% 80) benign, 2'sine (% 20) malign
nodül teşhisi konmuştur.

Sonuç: Önemi belirsiz atipi
teşhisi konan hastalar, yaş ve cinsiyet gibi demografik özellikleri, radyolojik
inceleme, ayrıntılı öykü ve fizik muayene dahil olmak üzere klinik olarak bir
bütün olarak değerlendirilmeli ve cerrahi kararları bu özelliklere göre
verilmelidir.
EECONOMIC COST, DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC MARKERS IN IATROGENIC LUMBAR SPONDYLODISCITIS
Authors: YÜKSEL Ulaş , ÖĞDEN Mustafa , AKKAYA Süleyman , KISA Üçler , BAKAR Bülent , ÖZVEREN M Faik
Published: December 2020

Objective: In this study, the economic cost, diagnostic and prognostic laboratory markers of lumbar spondylodiscitis, which emerged as a complication after surgical intervention in the lumbar region, were investigated.Material and Methods: Age and gender of the patients were recorded. Furthermore, surgical intervention type (spinal instrumentation, lumbar discectomy), biopsy results of infected tissue, concomitant morbidities, duration of hospital stay and microorganism growth in culture materials were evaluated in patients. In addition, values of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), leukocyte, neutrophil and lymphocyte count which were obtained from these patients at admission to hospital and at discharge from hospital were recorded. Moreover, treatment costs of these patients were examined.Results: Nine patients (women=7, men=2) with a mean age of 58±14.92 years were included in this study. All parameters of patients were not different in terms of surgical intervention type. However, when the patients were discharged from the hospital, their ESR and neutrophil counts decreased and lymphocyte count increased in all of them. Although CRP level values decreased as numerical value at discharge, this decrease was not statistically significant. Correlation analysis showed that length of hospital stay and tissue biopsy performed to the patients increased the economic cost.Conclusion: It was concluded that any routine laboratory parameter investigated in this study could not be a valid biomarker for diagnosis and follow-up of spondylodiscitis that emerged after surgical intervention. On the other hand, it was concluded that diagnosis and treatment of this disease, whose prevalence is increasing, may have a high economic cost for patients and countries.
Up In The Air With Diabetes: a Systematic Review of Literature and A Pragmatic Approach to Diabetes Management During Long-Distance Travel
Authors:   Department Of Endocrinology, Fortis & Ivy Hospitals, Priya Gagan
Published: December 2020

Long-distance travel by air has become immensely popular in modern times, but for the person with diabetes, it creates unique challenges including transportation of insulin and other supplies, performance of glucose-monitoring and insulin delivery devices within the aircraft, adaptation to new time zones and altered lifestyle, and titration of medications. There are no published guidelines for the management of diabetes in travelers. Safe flying with diabetes is all about planning ahead, packing adequate supplies, maintenance of cold chain for insulin, frequent monitoring of blood glucose and titration of medications as well as insulin, and minimizing the risk of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.
Risk factors for Depression in Chinese youth population with untreated GD-A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors:   Chittagong Diabetic General Hospital, Rahman Chowdhury Sumon
Published: December 2020

Graves’ disease (GD) is becoming more and more prominent among the young generation of China. This disease often causes psychiatric symptoms, but there are a few studies in this field. The aim of this article is to find out the risk factors for depression in Chinese youth population with untreated GD.