bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kekerasan dalam Berpacaran (Studi Kasus: Lima Remaja Perempuan Korban Kekerasan dalam Berpacaran di DKI Jakarta)
Authors: Asniah Ayu , Dalimoenthe Ikhlasiah , Fitri Meila Riskia
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan remaja perempuan sebagai korban kekerasan dalam pacaran (KDP) di DKI Jakarta dan membahas mengenai alasan korban bertahan dalam hubungan yang terdapat kekerasan, dampak yang dialami korban, serta analisis budaya patriarki pada remaja perempuan yang menjadi korban kekerasan dalam pacaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Data penelitian ini diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, studi kepustakaan, dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian adalah remaja perempuan yang mengalami KDP berjumlah lima orang, yaitu MA, CN, HO, YK, dan DL. Hasil temuan penelitian ini adalah terdapat beberapa alasan yang melatarbelakangi remaja perempuan (korban) bertahan dalam kekerasan dalam pacaran. Alasan tersebut dipengaruhi oleh dua faktor, yaitu faktor internal dan eksternal. Kemudian, dampak yang dialami korban tersebut antara lain, dampak psikis, fisik, kehidupan sosial, dan ekonomi. Alasan dan dampak yang dialami korban tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat nilai-nilai budaya patriarki yang mengakar dalam pacaran, terutama pada mantan pasangannya yang dominan dan manipulatif.
Three Episodes of Presumed Culture-Negative Septic Arthritis Following Intramuscular Antipsychotic Injections
Authors: Atkinson Brad S. , Sandiford N.A.
Published: September 2023

Case:

We present a male patient of low socioeconomic status and Māori ethnicity who experienced 3 episodes of presumed culture-negative septic arthritis of the native hip between ages 43 and 52 years. Each episode occurred within 3 weeks of intramuscular antipsychotic injection into the ipsilateral gluteal muscles. The right hip was involved in 2 presentations and the left hip in 1 presentation. No coexisting infection or underlying immune suppression was identified, and at follow-up 2 years after the last episode, he has no sequelae of septic arthritis.

Conclusion:

This report describes 3 episodes of presumed culture-negative septic arthritis after intramuscular antipsychotic injection.
Speedy Mlss Development From Cow Dung, Wastewater Treatment and Sludge Recovery From the Activated Sludge Process (a-b Process) of a Paper Mill That Use Waste Paper as Raw Material - A Case Study
Authors: Sojan Kochu Thresya , Geevarghese Grasius Mattamana
Published: September 2023

In this case study, process startup and operation of the Effluent Treatment plant of a paper mill that converts waste paper to paper and paper boards were investigated for 120 days. To meet water requirements for a revised production target of 100 t/d, apart from recycling 1000 m3/d of wastewater after DAF process, required additional facilities to provide secondary treatment for another 1000 m3/d of wastewater in ASP (A-B process) were provided. A new ASP (A) with an AT of 900 m3 was arranged to work in line with the existing ASP (B) of 1200 m3 capacity. Initiating culture development, 19.6 tons of fresh cow dung (seed) was added to AT of unit B containing 600 m3 of fresh ground water and the tank content was aerated. N, P, micronutrients and protein were added to AT every day. Good flocs were observed on 9th day of operation. MLSS of 1500 mg/l and a sludge volume 50 ml/l was observed on 27th day of aeration. Addition of appropriate nutrients and protein are believed to have aided sludge development and floc formation. During secondary startup, wastewater addition started (108 m3/d) on a regular basis on 27th day and was increased stepwise to 388 m3/d in 7 days and was continued till the end of this phase of the study. During 33 days of secondary startup influent BOD was in the range of 1170–1500 mg/l, organic loading ranged from 0.13 to 0.46 kg BOD/m3.d and F/M ratio ranged between 0.07 to 0.17 kg BOD/kg MLSS/d. BOD/N/P ratio of 200/5/1.5 was maintained along with addition of micronutrients and protein. On 60th day, MLSS was 6050 mg/l indicating that culture developed from cow dung got acclimatized easily to paper mill waste mostly containing cellulose. Initiating the next phase, required quantity of sludge was transferred from B to A to get an MLSS of 2800 mg/l in A and of 4200 mg/l in B. The wastewater flow of 388 m3/d, then flowing to B, was made to flow in the A-B process by providing stepwise increase to A, correspondingly reducing direct flow to B in 43 days. On 104th day, the MLSS rose to 11400 mg/l in A. During these 43 days of operation, unit A stabilized a total BOD of 6870 kg, and the volatile content of the sludge yielded was 4644 kg resulting in a yield coefficient, Y of 0.68. Organic loading ranged from 0.35 to 1.09 kgCOD/m3.d and F/M ranged between 0.04 to 0.12 kg COD/kg MLSS.d. Effluent COD ranged from 500 − 63 mg/l for an average inlet COD of 1940 mg/l. There after MLSS in A was reduced to 3600 mg/l in 4 days by harvesting sludge and the same was recycled to the pulping section of the mill. Flow was increased to 488 m3/d stepwise and the MLSS increased to 7800 mg/l in next 12 days in A. Effluent COD of A ranged from 550 − 258 mg/l and COD of the final effluent, that is, of unit B ranged from 98–105 mg/l. The production seized in the paper mill due to Covid 19 and hence this study was terminated at this stage.
Dynamical localization transition in the non-Hermitian ℤ2 gauge theory
Authors: Yao Dao-Xin , Cheng Jun-Qing , Yin Shuai
Published: September 2023

Local constraint in lattice gauge theory provides an exotic mechanism inducing disorder-free localization. However, the nonequilibrium dynamics in the non-Hermition lattice gauge model has not been well understood. Here, we investigate the quench dynamics of spinless fermions with nonreciprocal hopping in the ℤ2 gauge field formed from the bond spins. Based on the effective model from duality mapping, the non-Hermitian skin effect, disorder-free localization-delocalization transition, and the real-complex transition of eigenenergies are explored systematically. By identifying the diverse scaling behaviors of quantum mutual information for fermions and spins, we predict that the non-Hermition quantum disentangled liquid presents both in localized and delocalized phase with completely different physical nature, the first comes from the ℤ2 gauge field and the second originates from the non-Hermitian skin effect. We finally show that the nonreciprocal dissipation of fermions leads the quantum information flowing from the fermions to spins. Our results provide new insights to the nonequilibrium dynamics in the gauge field, and can be experimentally verified using ultracold atoms in optical lattices.
Correlation Between the Occlusion Contact, Masticatory Force, and Chewing Time for Different Textures in the Senior Adult Community
Authors: Lin Pei-Chen , Wu Ju-Hui , Chao Wei-Ting , Lin Jen-Shinn , Huang Ching-Hsu
Published: September 2023

Background:
Mastication is an important one of oral functions. It is involved with teeth occlusion contact areas and masticatory muscle strength. For older adults, when the chewing ability deliminsh, it is restricting food selection, and many increase the risk of malnutrition. We investigated the chewing function in community-dwelling older adults with different occlusion status using the standardized food products.
Methods:
In this study, convenience sampling was used to recruit participants from a senior citizen-activity center in Kaohsiung city. A total of 65 older adults were included and assigned to 3 groups (A, B, and C) using Eichner Index, based on the posterior occlusion support areas (POSAs). The participants’ bite force and dentition were recorded. All of them were also tested the chewing time for 2 different textures of chicken breast (10 g each) under blind test.
Results:
Most participants were women (83.1%) and approximately 34.37 % of the participants were aged ≧75 years. Older adults with 4 antagonistic occlusal contacts in POSAs (Group A) had the best total bite force 485.04±365.40 N than those in the other 2 groups (p <0.0001) and the total bite force decreased significantly with occlusal contact areas in POSAs (p for trend = 0.0012). After adjusting for confounding factors, participants with no occlusal contacts in POSAs (group C) had a decreased bite force of 316.75±109.46 N than those in Group A. Overall, older adults spent less time chewing food with the minced and moist texture than regular texture (p =0.0013) and Group Aparticipants spend significantly less time in the occlusal contact subgrouping. However, chewing time was not significantly different among the 3 groups.
Conclusion:
Participants in group C had the worst bite force than those in the other 2 groups, even under denture wearing. Moreover, significantly less chewing time was spent on the minced and moist-textured chicken than the regular-textured chicken.
PSMD1 as a Prognostic Marker and Potential Target in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Park Hae Chan , Kim Hyojin , Kim Ji-Yeong , Lee Hye-Yeon , Lee Jinyi , Cha WonJae , Ahn Soon-Hyun , Jeong Woo-Jin
Published: September 2023

Background
Despite the diverse genetic mutations in head and neck cancer, the chemotherapy outcome for this cancer has not improved for decades. It is urgent to select prognostic factors and therapeutic targets for oropharyngeal cancer to establish precision medicine. Recent studies have identified PSMD1 as a potential prognostic marker in several cancers. We aimed to assess the prognostic significance of PSMD1 expression in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) patients using immunohistochemistry.
Methods
We studied 64 individuals with OPSCC tissue from surgery at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between April 2008 and August 2017. Immunostaining analysis was conducted on the tissue microarray (TMA) sections (4 µm) for p16 and PSMD1. H-score, which scale from 0 to 300, was calculated from each nucleus, cytoplasm, and cellular expression. Clinicopathological data were compared with Chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, t-test, and logistic regression. Survival data until 2021 were achieved from national statistical office. Kaplan-Meier method and cox-regression model were used for disease-specific survival (DSS) analysis.
Results
H-score of 90 in nucleus was appropriate cutoff value for ‘High PSMD1 expression’ in OPSCC. Tonsil was more frequent location in low PSMD1 group (42/52, 80.8) than in high PSMD1 group (4/12, 33.3%; P = .002). Early-stage tumor was more frequent in in low PSMD1 group (45/52, 86.5) than in high PSMD1 group (6/12, 50%; P = .005). HPV was more positive in low PSMD1 group (43/52, 82.7) than in high PSMD1 group (5/12, 41.7%; P = .016). Patients with PSMD1 high expression showed poorer DSS than in patients with PSMD1 low expression (P = .006 in log rank test). In multivariate analysis, PSMD1 expression, pathologic T staging, and specimen age were found to be associated with DSS (P = .011, P = .025, P = .029, respectively).
Conclusions
In our study, we established PSMD1 as a negative prognostic factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, indicating its potential as a target for targeted therapy and paving the way for future in vitro studies on drug repositioning.
The Mediating Role of Psychological Distress on the Effect of Self-Efficacy to Academic Resilience of Emerging Adults: Implications for CBT Intervention
Authors: Bania Nirvana Shiroi , Oritz-Bance Lucila
Published: September 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected many individuals' mental health, including emerging adults. Changes in the environment and the mode of education made students vulnerable to psychological distress. However, there has been little empirical research on psychological distress, academic resilience, and self-efficacy. The study sought to determine the mediating role of psychological distress in the effect of self-efficacy on academic resilience—350 Filipino emerging adults recruited from various Metro Manila colleges and universities. Multi-aspect questionnaires were utilized to assess psychological distress, self-efficacy, and academic resilience. Structural equation modeling was used to explain the relationships, mediation, and causality and test the hypothesized model. SEM revealed that psychological distress mediates self-efficacy and academic resilience; higher self-efficacy leads to higher academic resilience; higher psychological distress leads to lower academic resilience, and higher self-efficacy leads to lower psychological distress. The study's findings have implications for a Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Intervention for psychologically distressed students. A proposed individual intervention is recommended for implementation, which mental health practitioners can use to address the variables of the study.
Functional Imaging Derived ADHD Biotypes Based on Deep Clustering May Guide Personalized Medication Therapy
Authors: Sui Jing , Feng Aichen , Feng Yuan , Zhi Dongmei , Jiang Rongtao , Fu Zening , Xu Ming , Zhao Min , Yu Shan , Stevens Michael , Sun Li , Calhoun Vince
Published: September 2023

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder with childhood onset, however, there is no clear correspondence established between clinical ADHD subtypes and primary medications. Identifying objective and reliable neuroimaging markers for categorizing ADHD biotypes may lead to more individualized, biotype-guided treatment. Here we proposed graph convolutional network plus deep clustering for ADHD biotype detection using functional network connectivity (FNC), resulting in two biotypes based on 1069 ADHD patients selected from Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, which were well replicated on independent ADHD adolescents undergoing longitudinal medication treatment (n=130). Interestingly, in addition to differences in cognitive performance and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms, biotype 1 treated with methylphenidate demonstrated significantly better recovery than biotype 2 treated with atomoxetine (p<0.05, FDR corrected). This imaging-driven, biotype-guided approach holds promise for facilitating personalized treatment of ADHD, exploring possible boundaries through innovative deep learning algorithms aimed at improving medication treatment effectiveness.
Novel climates are already widespread beneath the world’s tropical forest canopies.
Authors: Trew Brittany , Edwards David , Lees Alexander , Klinges David H. , Early Regan , Svátek Martin Martin , Plichta Roman , Matula Radim , Okello Joseph , Niessner Armin , Barthel Matti , Six Johan , Maclean Ilya
Published: September 2023

Tropical forest biodiversity is potentially at high risk from climate change, but most species reside within or beneath the canopy, where they are buffered from extreme temperatures, implying that forest canopies may reduce the severity of warming impacts. Using a mechanistic microclimate model, we quantify hourly below-canopy climate conditions of 300,000 tropical forest locations globally between 1990–2019. We show that while temperature extremes are buffered below canopy, recent small increases in beneath-canopy temperature (<1ºC) have led to highly novel temperature regimes across most of the tropics. This is the case even within ecologically unfragmented areas, suggesting that tropical forests are sensitive to climate change. However, across the globe, some forest areas have experienced low climate novelty and thus serve as important climate refugia. These areas require urgent protection and restoration. By conducting the first pan-tropical analyses of changes in below-canopy climatic conditions, we challenge the prevailing notion that tropical forest canopies reduce the severity of climate change impacts.
Estimation of The Value of COVID-19 Vaccine in General Public in South- east of Iran: A Willingness to pay Study
Authors: Najafi Saman , Goudarzi Reza , Feyzabadi Vahid Yazdi
Published: September 2023

Background:
The COVID-19 virus is a recent global phenomenon that emerged in 2019, and its impact has affected the lives of billions of people in various ways. Since the government provides vaccination for free, it is necessary to perform an economic valuation through willingness-to-pay analysis to determine its value in monetary terms. This study aims to estimate the amount that the general public of Kerman city is willing to pay for COVID-19 vaccine.
Methods:
This is a cross-sectional survey study conducted in September 2022 using face-to-face interviews with the general public of Kerman city, located in the southeastern region of Iran. Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size of 500 households, selected through the Multistage sampling method. An open-ended question approach was employed to estimate the willingness of individuals to pay for the COVID-19 vaccine. The main questionnaire of the study consisted of three parts. Quantification tests were conducted to check for normality and variance heterogeneity, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to verify the normality of the data. Stata 17 software was used for data analysis.
Results:
The open-ended question results of the respondents' willingness to pay for the COVID-19 vaccine showed that the highest average stated was for the AstraZeneca vaccine ($9.73), while the lowest average reported was for the domestically produced vaccine ($5.74). Factors affecting the willingness to pay were examined, and it was found that variables such as employment status, education level, attitude towards vaccination, income, and number of vaccine doses significantly influenced the willingness to pay.
Conclusion:
Based on the findings of this study, as low-income individuals and those with lower levels of education reported a lower willingness to pay, it is recommended that the government provide free vaccination to low-income groups and focus on building trust and promoting vaccine culture among those with lower education levels. Additionally, measures can be taken to enable high-income individuals to obtain the vaccine through the private sector.
Thermodynamic State Shift Observed Prior to the 2011 Mw 9 East Japan Earthquake through Data Mining Using Cellular Automaton
Authors: Kikuchi Hiroyuki
Published: September 2023

In this study, we employed our previously developed data mining method to show that a thermodynamic state shift occurred preceding the 2011 Mw 9 East Japan Earthquake (GEJE), coinciding with the onset of crustal stress manifestations. Our discussion starts with the insights obtained from our prior research, which revealed that small ground vibration fluctuations (GVF) detected near the epicenter of the GEJE are thermodynamically equivalent to a cellular automaton (CA). This equivalence allowed us to consider the "Process to GEJE," defined as the transition from GVF to catastrophic rupture in the GEJE, as analogous to the nonequilibrium-to-equilibrium thermodynamic transition in the CA. Therefore, if we find a thermodynamic state shift in the CA, it is reasonable to assume that a similar thermodynamic state shift may exist in the "Process to GEJE." We successfully derived a thermodynamic state function that exhibits a significant change before the nonequilibrium-to-equilibrium thermodynamic transition in the CA. By evaluating this thermodynamic state function using the GVF data of the "Process to GEJE," we discovered its maximum value occurring 1231 days before the GEJE. This maximum value can be considered as an indication of a thermodynamic state shift prior to the GEJE. It has been found that during this thermodynamic state shift prior to the GEJE, the GVF state approaches thermodynamic equilibrium, and an increase in crustal stress becomes visible for the first time.
Centrifugation effect on olive mill wastewater treatment by coagulation-flocculation using Ca(OH)2-pectin system
Authors: Moussaoui Ramdane , Lateb Yacine , Elias Abdelhamid , Sharrock Patrick , Amrouche Tahar
Published: September 2023

The aim of this research was the study of the centrifugation effect on olive mill wastewater (OMW) treatment by coagulation-flocculation using the Ca(OH)2-pectin system. To separate the treated OMW from the residual sludge, two methods were used: gravity decantation and centrifugation. Efficiency of the treatment was evaluated following the evolution of the OMW treated volumes and the reduction rates of dry matter (DM) and phenolic compounds (PC) and other parameters related to residual toxicity. Compared to gravity decantation, centrifugal separation significantly enhances the treatment of the OMW studied. Additionally, this separation method reduces considerably the treatment duration compared to gravity decantation i.e. 10 minutes instead of 4 hours. The lime-pectin system improved OMW purification. Optimal doses of lime and pectin were respectively 10 g/l and 0.2 g/l. Under these conditions, centrifugal separation allowed to obtain a volume of treated OMW about 78.2% of the raw effluent volume and reduced the rates of DM by 38% and of PC by 79%. The COD was also reduced by 60.0%. These results show that the resulting sludge may be used for production of fertilizers or land augmentation, thus avoiding costly disposal.
Multifractal Scaling characteristics of lineament networks of a fractured sandstone aquifer system
Authors: Abdi Safia , Chettih Mohamed
Published: September 2023

In this work, we have shown that we can carry out a multifractal characterization of fracturing from a network of lineaments, using a calculation code that we have developed ourselves and that we have named: 2D Calculation Code for Multifractal Analysis of Fracture Networks (2D-MAFN). Four lineament maps at different scales were analyzed, corresponding to the Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous geological formations of the El Gada region in the Central Algerian Saharan Atlas.The geometric analysis of the lineament networks showed good consistency between the lineament networks and the geological structure of the Atlas Range and its fault network. It also showed that the distribution of the lengths of the lineaments fits the power law. This analysis also revealed that, on a larger scale, diffuse fracturing appears to be more prevalent. In addition, the spectral analysis, through the decrease in spectral power according to a power law, characterizes a self-similar behavior and already seems to prove the scale invariance of the lineaments.The fractal dimension values obtained reflect the extent of fracturing and the degree of complexity of the network of lineaments. These values show that the lineaments are also well correlated with each other. The partition functions show that the points line up on the adjustment lines according to a law characteristic of multifractal behavior. In addition, the curves of generalized dimensions as a function of moments show a clear decrease, highlighting the multifractal nature of the fracturing process. In addition, the multifractal spectra in the form of bell curves also confirm the multifractal process for the four lineament networks analyzed.The results obtained are very encouraging and open up the prospects of modelling fracture networks for a variety of purposes, including assessing the connectivity of a fracture network.
Unique algorithm for the evaluation of embryo photon emission and viability
Authors: Berke József , Gulyás Istvan , Bognár Zoltán , Berke Dávid , Enyedi Attila , Kozma-Bognár Veronika , Mauchart Péter , Nagy Bernadett , Várnagy Ákos Várnagy , Kovács Kálmán , Bódis József
Published: September 2023

Living cells have spontaneous ultraweak photon emission derived from metabolic reactions associated with physiological conditions. The ORCA-Quest CMOS camera (Hamamatsu Photonics, Japan) is a highly sensitive and essential tool for photon detection; its use with a microscope incubator (Olympus) enables the detection of photons emitted by embryos with the exclusion of harmful visible light. With the application of the second law of thermodynamics, the low-entropy energy absorbed and used by embryos can be distinguished from the higher-entropy energy released and detectable in their environment. To evaluate higher-entropy energy data from embryos, we developed a unique algorithm for the calculation of the entropy-weighted spectral fractal dimension, which demonstrates the self-similar structure of the energy (photons) released by embryos. Analyses based on this structure enabled the distinction of living and degenerated mouse embryos, and of frozen and fresh embryos and the background. This novel detection of ultra-weak photon emission from mouse embryos can provide the basis for the development of a photon emission embryo control system. The ultraweak photon emission fingerprints of embryos may be used for the selection of viable specimens in an ideal dark environment.
Academic Burnout and Perfectionism in UK-based Physiotherapy Students
Authors: Biggs Daniel , Mckay Jane , Shanmugam Sivaramkumar
Published: September 2023

With perfectionism on the rise in education, students may be at greater risk to academic burnout than ever before. The aims of the study were to examine the academic burnout-perfectionism relationships, the prevalence rate, and mean scores of these variables in UK (United Kingdom) attending university physiotherapy students. 232 physiotherapy students (181 females, M age = 25.93 ± 7.15 years) completed academic burnout and multidimensional perfectionism measures. Bivariate correlations revealed a significant positive academic burnout-SPP relationship. Linear regression showed SPP to explain 12.4% of the variance of academic burnout. Additionally, 50% of the student sample exhibited moderate or high levels of academic burnout. Mean scores of SOP were high (5.14 ±1) and SPP scores were moderate to high (4.13±.88). This study’s findings provideinitial evidence of a relationship between academic burnout and SPP in physiotherapy students and add to the growing body of evidence showing SPP as a stronger direct predictor of academic burnout, relativeto SOP. Academic staff may employ a teaching strategy that is supportive to facilitating and emphasising learning with the outcome of self-fulfilment within modules compared to the promotion of a strategy that may render the individual concerned about meeting external standards is supportive to a holistic learning approach from the self, compared to the promotion of a strategy that may render the individual concerned about meeting external standards.
Effects and mechanisms of Zhizi Chuanxiong herb pair against atherosclerosis: An integration of network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental validation
Authors: Zhang Yan , Qi Yifei , Jia Zijun , Li Yiming , Wu Liqi , Zhou Qing-bing , Xu Fengqin
Published: September 2023

Backgrounds

Zhizi Chuanxiong herb pair (ZCHP) can delay the pathological progression of atherosclerosis (AS). However, the exact pharmacological mechanism by ZCHP improves AS remain unclear due to the complexity of its components. Therefore, this study systematically elaborated the anti-AS mechanism of ZCHP.
Methods
The potential targets of ZCHP blood components were predicted by searching TCMSP, ETCM, BATMAN-TCM, STITCH and SwissTargetPrediction databases. Then, GEO database was used to search for disease targets associated with AS. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway analysis were performed by DAVID. Molecular docking was used to verify the binding of the core target with the blood components, and finally animal experiment was used to verify the mechanism of action.

Results

A ZCHP-components-targets-AS network was constructed using Cytoscape software, which included 16 main components and 58 candidate targets. Crucial genes, such as TNF, IL-1β, IGF1, MMP9, CCR5, HMOX1, PTGS1, SELE, ALOX5, and SYK were shown in PPI network. KEGG enrichment showed that TNF and NF-κB signaling pathway were put in an important position of the treatment. These results were validated by molecular docking method. In vivo, ZCHP significantly reduced pulse wave velocity, intima-media thickness, plaque area, and serum lipid levels, and increased difference between end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters in ApoE-/- mice. Meanwhile, ZCHP significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression of TNF-α and IL-1β, suppressed NF-κB activation, and inhibited the M1 macrophage polarization marker CD86 in ApoE-/- mice.
Conclusion
This study combined network pharmacology, molecular biology and animal experiment to suggest that ZCHP could alleviate AS by suppressing TNF/NF-κB axis mediated M1 macrophage polarization.
The application of objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) for evaluating clinical internship in internal medicine
Authors: Yang Miao , Liu Yao , Dong Yuhan , Ding Yang , Lu Zhibing , Yu Mingxia , He Xingxing
Published: September 2023

Background
Clinical internship plays a vital role in enhancing medical students' theoretical knowledge, clinical operational abilities, and clinical thinking development. This study aims to establish an efficient evaluation system to assess interns' proficiency of clinical skills, and analyze the teaching effectiveness of clinical internships.
Methods
A total of 75 candidates from a 5 + 3 integrated medical training program, who had already completed a three-month clinical internship in internal medicine, participated in an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Four stations during the OSCE included history taking, abdominal physical examination, thoracentesis, and interpretation of auxiliary examination results. Both candidates and examiners voluntarily completed anonymous questionnaires immediately after the OSCE. Results were analyzed using the Chi-square test and the t-test as appropriate.
Results
In history taking station, new examiners awarded significantly higher scores compared to examiners with experience in conducting examinations (t = 1.711, P < 0.05). "5 + 3" candidates scored significantly higher than eight-year candidates in physical examination and thoracentesis station (t = 5.316 and t = 2.145, respectively; both p < 0.05). According to the questionnaire survey, the majority of candidates and all examiners were quite satisfied with its design, organization, quality and effectiveness. More than half of the candidates and examiners believed that insufficient practice and inadequate preparation for revision were the factors most likely to affect performance. 75% of the examiners felt that candidates needed the most training in operative steps and content, but only 56% and 40% of the candidates agreed with this view. Furthermore, 56% of candidates and half of the examiners identified operational methods and humanistic care as areas that still required intensive improvement.
Conclusions
This examination is an effective attempt to construct an OSCE evaluation system for the skills of medical students in the internship stage. This system can objectively and comprehensively reflect the students' clinical skills, promote the realization of evaluation feedback and quality management of clinical internship teaching, which can be promoted in the evaluation of clinical internship.
Diabetic Health Literacy and Associated Factors among Diabetic Patients Attending Outpatient Department at Public Hospitals in North Shoa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2022
Authors: Nigussie Elda Mekonnen , Asefa Eyosiyas Yeshialem , Demeke Mekasha Getnet , Adane Tigist Demssew , Mengistu Bethelehem Taye , Dessie Yihenew Ayehu , Mezgebu Getachew Sale , Worku Birhan Getye
Published: September 2023

Background
Diabetic health literacy plays an important role in determining diabetic outcomes. Despite the numerous health education programs, the outcome of the diabetic management remains a challenge globally & studies on diabetic health literacy are still lacking in Ethiopia. Therefore, the present study was aimed to assess the magnitude of diabetic health literacy and related factors among patients with diabetes attends outpatient department at public hospitals in North Shoa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2022
Methods
Institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted from May24-June24, 2022 at four randomly selected hospitals among 623 total study participants. The data was collected by face to face interview and reviewing the patient chart. The participants were selected by systematic random sampling. Data was entered in to Epi data version 4.6 and was exported to Stata version 14.1 for analyses. Ordinal logistic regression was conducted and a significant level was used at a p value of < 0.05.
Result
The present study included a total of 611 participants, with 98.1% response rate. Of all participants, 300(49.1%) had low, 174(28.5%) moderate &137(22.4%) had high diabetic health literacy level. The following factors; age; <40 years old (AOR = 3.48; 95%CI = 2.11, 5.77) & age 40–60 years (AOR = 2.79;95% CI = 1.75,4.46), Educational status (AOR = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.16,0.56) for who can’t read & write, (AOR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.23,0.74) read & write & (AOR = 0.45;95% CI = 0.27,0.76) for primary school. exposure to diabetic education (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.31,2.58) having ≥ 2 sources of information (AOR = 2.28;95% CI = 1.57,3.32) moderate social support (AOR = 1.94;95%CI = 1.32,2.87), strong social support (AOR = 2.73;95% CI = 1.75,4.26),& Residence; lives in urban (AOR = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.14,2.39) were significant.
Conclusion
Compared to previous research carried out in Ethiopia, the overall diabetic health literacy level was low. Factors associated with diabetic Health Literacy were age, educational status, sources of information, attending diabetic education, social support and residence. Understanding of these factors might be the way for assisting patients and targeting specific intervention to develop patient’s diabetic health literacy.
Sensory Processing Subtypes in a Mixed Neurodevelopmental Cohort: Prevalence and Associations with Emotion Dysregulation, Anxiety, and ADHD
Authors: Brandes-Aitken Annie , Powers Rachel , Wren-Jarvis Jamie , Chu Robyn , Shapiro Kevin , Steele Mary , Mukherjee Pratik , Marco Elysa
Published: September 2023

Children with autism and other neurodevelopmental concerns (NDC) present an array of sensory processing patterns and frequently encounter challenges with self-regulation, including emotion dysregulation, anxiety, and ADHD symptoms. Adopting a transdiagnostic perspective within the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework, this study examined the relationship between clusters of sensory processing phenotypes and differential patterns of self-regulation behaviors. In a sample of 117 participants (8–12 years), this study aimed to: 1) establish the prevalence of self-regulation problems in a community-recruited cohort of children with diverse NDCs; 2) construct data-driven sensory processing latent subtypes; 3) investigate group differences in emotion dysregulation, anxiety, and ADHD symptoms. Results indicated that 40, 20, and 62% of NDC children met clinically concerning thresholds for emotion dysregulation, anxiety, and ADHD, respectively. Second, latent profile analysis identified five sensory processing subtypes categorized by modality: Typical Processing, Intermediate/Mixed, Sensory Seeking (SS), Sensory Under-responsive (SUR), and Sensory Over-Responsive (SOR). Notably, the SOR group exhibited distinctively elevated anxiety scores, while the SS and SUR groups showed heightened ADHD scores. Intriguingly, the SOR, SUR, SS, and Intermediate/Mixed subgroups all demonstrated elevated emotion dysregulation scores, suggesting a potential shared mechanism of emotion dysregulation that might elucidate the connection between sensory processing differences and increased anxiety and ADHD behaviors in children with autism and other NDCs.
Tumor necrosis factor-a receptor 1 mediates changes in mitochondrial and peroxisomal dynamics in neurons – a mechanism contributing to Borna disease virus 1 persistence in the brain
Authors: Osei Dominic , Baumgart-Vogt Eveline , Ahlemeyer Barbara , Herden Christiane
Published: September 2023

Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) causes a persistent, non-cytolytic infection in the mammalian brain accompanied by glial activation and T-cell-mediated neuroinflammation in susceptible end hosts. Peroxisomes and mitochondria play essential roles in cellular antiviral immune response, but the effect of BoDV-1 infection on peroxisomal and mitochondrial dynamics and their respective antioxidant capacities is still not clear. Using different mouse lines – i.e. tumor necrosis factor-α transgenic (TNFTg; to mimic chronic inflammation), TNF receptor-1 knockout (TNFR1ko), and TNFR2ko mice in comparison to wild-type (Wt) mice – we analyzed the abundances of both organelles and their main antioxidant enzymes, catalase and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), in neurons of the hippocampus, cerebral and cerebellar cortices. In non-infected TNFTg mice, we detected a strong increase in mitochondrial (6.9-fold) and SOD2 (12.1-fold) abundances; peroxisomal abundance increased slightly (1.5-fold), but that of catalase decreased (2.9-fold). Unlike in TNFR1ko where no changes occurred, the abundances of both organelles, but not of their antioxidant enzymes, increased in TNFR2Ko mice. After BoDV-1 infection, a strong decrease in mitochondrial (2.1-6.5-fold), SOD2 (2.7-9.1-fold), and catalase (2.7-10.3-fold) abundances, but a slight increase in peroxisomes (1.3-1.6-fold) were detected in Wt and TNFR2ko mice, whereas no changes occurred in TNFR1ko mice. Chronic TNF overexpression prevented changes in peroxisome and catalase abundances, but not that of mitochondria and SOD2. Our data suggest that the TNF system is involved in the biogenesis of both subcellular organelles. Moreover, TNFR1 signaling mediated the BoDV-1-induced alterations of both organelles and the availability of their main antioxidant enzymes, highlighting new mechanisms by which BoDV-1 could achieve immune evasion and viral persistence.
The Effect of ellagic acid on physiological traits of plants grown from normal and aged soybean seeds
Authors: Arab Safiye , firouzabadi mehdi Baradaran baradaran , Gholami Ahmad , haydari mostafa
Published: September 2023

In order to decrease the effects of aging on seeds, antioxidants and phenolic compounds might be utilized. Included in this list of chemicals is ellagic acid. An experimental strategy was used in 2019 and 2020 to ascertain how ellagic acid affected the quality of soybeans. A factorial experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Treatments included two initial seed quality (un-aged and aged seeds) and ellagic acid at four levels (control (zero), seed priming, foliar spray and seed priming + foliar spray at a concentration of 50 mg/L). Protein percentage, oil percentage and seed production in plants were all decreased by seed aging. Plants grown from seeds that had been treated with ellagic acid showed a 39.2 percent increase in seed yield. Seed yield increased by 45.3 percent after ellagic acid was sprayed on the leaves, also priming + foliar spray of ellagic acid increased protein yield by 60.6%. In conclusion, according to this study results, it may be suggested that using ellagic acid as a priming and foliar spray can reduce the negative effects of aged seeds.
Clinical and Imaging Markers for the Prognosis of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Pei Chenyang , He Che , Li Han , Li Xiangying , Huang Weihui , Liu Jun , Yin Jianzhong
Published: September 2023

Significant differences in the outcomes observed in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) have led to research investigations for identifying the predictors. In this retrospective study, we aimed to investigate the relationship of different clinical and imaging factors with the prognosis of AIS. All clinical and imaging metrics were compared between the good and poor prognosis groups according to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 90 days after discharge. Clinical factors included gender, age, NIHSS scores at admission, and other medical history risk factors. Imaging markers included the lesion’s size and location, diffusion, and perfusion metrics. A total of 89 patients with AIS were divided into the good (mRS score ≤ 2) and poor prognosis groups (mRS score ≥ 3). The two groups had significant differences in NIHSS scores, rCBF, rMK, and rMD (P < 0.05). Among them, rMK had the strongest correlation with the mRS score at 90 days after discharge (r = 0.545, P < 0.001). Perfusion and diffusion metrics, including CBF, MD and MK, could reflect the microstructure and blood flow characteristics of the lesion, which were the key factors for the salvage ability and prognosis of the infarction tissue.
Strain Rate Sensitive Polyampholyte Hydrogels Via Well Dispersed XLG Sheets
Authors: SU ESRA , Yelemessova Gaukhargul , Toleutay Gaukhar
Published: September 2023

The physical interactions between anionic and cationic monomers and the layered silicate clay mineral Laponite (XLG) have received great attention because of their potential implications for a variety of applications such as strain sensitive sensors, wearable electronics, drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering applications. A detailed investigation of the interaction between XLG and charged monomers is presented in this article. The study includes the observation of the changes in the viscosity of the solutions and the mechanical performance of the gels at various concentrations by adding XLG to the ionic monomer solution. The ionic interactions between XLG and the charged monomers, driven by electrostatic forces, play a crucial role in gelation and formation of a three-dimensional network, giving the structure strain rate sensitivity. In this way, the addition of XLG nanoparticles not only improves the mechanical properties of the gels, but also gives us information about the microstructure of the mechanical properties that change depending on the strain rate.
Sensor platform for assessment of water usage patterns in informal settlements
Authors: Rico Andres , Larson Kent , Gamboa Mayra
Published: September 2023

Rapid urbanization has intensified pressures on global water systems, particularly impacting informal settlements. Understanding water usage patterns within these settlements is of
importance for better addressing water scarcity issues. Current methods for gaining information about water within these settings tend to lack spatio-temporal granularity and miss complex patterns of behavior related to water usage. As a consequence, there is a shortage of the reliable quantitative measurements needed to improve water management processes and modeling. Here we introduce a low-cost sensing platform for water assessment in informal settlements. Households within these types of settlements, lacking water utility connections and piping, often use storage tanks and buckets to distribute, store, and consume water; hence, the platform consists of four distinct sensor modules that can be placed on these types of water infrastructure. Evaluated in controlled settings, the sensors prove to be reliable for measuring water quantity, quality, and usage. Field testing within an informal community in Mexico reveals that the system can comprehensively track multiple tank storage levels, assess water quality, and capture bucket usage patterns without disrupting a household's common activities or infrastructure. Our validation shows the technique's potential to improve water management in informal communities, while opening opportunities for enhancement of water-related research and policy making through combinations of top-down and bottom-up interventions.
Diagnostic value of carbohydrate antigen CA50, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and α-fetoprotein in biliary tract cancer: A large-scale multicenter study
Authors: Wang Yong-Shuai , Wang Wei , Zhang Shen-Yu , Cai Wei , Song Hua-Chuan , Mei Tao , Wang Wei , Zhang Feng , Qi Fei-Yu , Zhang Sai , Liu Yan , Li Hao-Ran , Ji Peng , Gao Miao , Yao Hua-Chuan , Yao Huan-Zhang , Meng Fan , Lu Zheng , Wang Ji-Zhou , Liu Lian-Xin
Published: September 2023

Background
To date, carbohydrate antigen 19 − 9 (CA19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) have been widely used for the screening, diagnosis and prediction of biliary tract cancer (BTC) patients. However, few studies with large sample sizes of carbohydrate Antigen 50 (CA50) were reported in BTC patients and combined CA50, CA19-9 and α-fetoprotein (AFP) to build a clinical diagnostic model to provide a new screening and diagnosis method.
Methods
Here, we designed a cross-sectional study and analyzed data for patients with BTC, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (CHC), and benign biliary-liver diseases (BBD) and healthy people (HP) from two Chinese hospitals diagnosed between January 2017 and December 2022. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy and clinical usefulness.
Results
A total of 1121 patients were included in this study (673 in the training cohort and 448 in the validation cohort): among them, 458 with BTC were included in the experimental group, and 178 with HCC, 23 with CHC, 242 with BBD, and 220 with HP were included in the control group, respectively. ROC curves by combining CA50, CA19-9 and AFP showed that, the AUC value of the diagnostic MODEL 1 was 0.885 (95% CI 0.856–0.885, specificity 93.9%, and sensitivity 74.3% in the training cohort; 0.879 (0.841–0.917, 92.8% and 75.9%) in the validation cohort. In addition, comparing iCCA and HCC (235 in the training cohort, 157 in the validation cohort), the AUC values of the diagnostic MODEL 2 was 0.893 (95% CI 0.853–0.933, specificity 96%, and sensitivity 68.6%) in the training cohort; 0.872 (95% CI 0.818–0.927, 94.2%, and 64.6%) in the validation cohort.
Conclusion
The model combining CA50, CA19-9, and AFP not only has good diagnostic value for BTC, but also has good diagnostic value for distinguishing iCCA and HCC.
Investigation of laser wavelength effect on the ablation of enamel and dentin using femtosecond laser pulses
Authors: Rapp Ludovic , Madden Steve , Brand Julia , Maximova Ksenia , Walsh Laurence J. , Spallek Heiko , Zuaiter Omar , Habeb Alaa , Hirst Timothy R. , Rode Andrei V.
Published: September 2023

We investigated the effect of femtosecond (fs) laser ablation of enamel and dentin for different pulse wavelengths: infrared (1030 nm), green (515 nm), and ultra-violet (343 nm) and for different pulse separations to determine the optimal irradiation conditions for the precise removal of dental hard tissues with the absence of structural and compositional damage. The ablation rates and efficiencies were established for all three laser wavelengths for both enamel and dentin at room temperature without using any irrigation or cooling system, and the surfaces were assessed with optical and scanning electron microscopy, optical profilometry, and Raman spectroscopy. We demonstrated that 515 nm fs irradiation provides the highest rate and efficiency for ablation, followed by infrared. Finally, we explored the temperature variations inside the dental pulp during the laser procedures for all three wavelengths and showed that the maximum increase at the optimum conditions for both infrared and green irradiations was 5.5˚C, within the acceptable limit of temperature increase during conventional dental treatments. Ultra-violet irradiation significantly increased the internal temperature of the teeth, well above the acceptable limit, and caused severe damage to tooth structures. Thus, ultra-violet is not a compatible laser wavelength for femtosecond teeth ablation.