bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on the Severity of Post-Traumatic Stress in Pregnant Women with a History of Traumatic Delivery
Authors: Hoseinzadeh Narges , Khojasteh Farnoosh , Pahlavani Sheikhi Zahra
Published: January 2021

Background: Traumatic birth experiences may lead to serious psychological impairment. Recent studies show that a considerable number of women can develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on PTSD in pregnant women with a history of traumatic childbirth. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 80 pregnant women with a history of traumatic childbirth, referring to health centers in Zahedan in 2020. The mothers were selected by a convenience sampling method and divided into two groups (40 mothers in each group) according to the random allocation method. The data were collected using the PTSD questionnaire administered before the intervention and five weeks after the final training session. The intervention group received four sessions of CBT during four weeks, and the control group received only routine pregnancy care. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 22 software using the independent t-test, chi-square test, and paired sample t-test at a significant level of < 0.05. Results: The results of the study showed that the mean post-traumatic stress score of pregnant women before CBT in the intervention and control groups was 27.90 ± 10.91 and 24.97 ± 14.85, respectively, and it changed to 15.25 ± 4.08 and 26.25 ± 11.56, respectively, after the intervention. Independent t-test showed that the mean scores of post-traumatic stress of pregnant women in the two groups were not significant before education (P = 0.31), but it was significant after it (P = 0.0001). Conclusions: CBT can have significant effects on reducing the severity of PTSD in pregnant women with a history of traumatic childbirth. Thus, it is recommended to include this type of educational intervention in the care program of pregnant women with a history of traumatic childbirth.
Comparaison de la biodiversité floristique entre berge et île de Loire. Étude de cas dans la réserve naturelle nationale de Saint-Mesmin (45)
Authors: CHEVALIER Richard , CHANTEREAU Michel , DUPRÉ Rémi , EVETTE André , GREULICH Sabine , HÉMERAY Damien , MÅRELL Anders , MARTIN Hilaire , VILLAR Marc
Published: January 2021

Menée au sein de la réserve naturelle nationale (RNN) de Saint-Mesmin (45), sur la Loire, en périphérie aval de la ville d’Orléans, cette étude compare la biodiversité floristique de la ripisylve d’une berge à celle de deux îles boisées en vis-à-vis. L’hypothèse est que la berge, davantage soumise à la pression anthropique, présente une biodiversité altérée. Les relevés floristiques ont été effectués à l’échelle de l’écocomplexe (environ deux hectares par entité), en trois passages annuels et pendant quatre années (2013 à 2016). La berge et chaque île ont une richesse totale similaire, d’environ 310 espèces, et présentent des différences de composition modérées. La principale différence concerne une plus forte présence des espèces oligotrophiles, localisées aux grèves et pelouses des îles, alors que les espèces eutrophiles sont favorisées sur la berge. Si les espèces patrimoniales, toujours en faible effectif, ont tendance à être plus nombreuses sur les îles, la berge en accueille aussi de façon complémentaire. Les espèces exogènes ne sont pas plus nombreuses sur la berge que sur les îles alors que les espèces invasives sont plus abondantes sur les îles. Au final, les ripisylves de berge présentent une flore aussi intéressante que celle des îles, leur composition est complémentaire au bénéfice de la biodiversité de la RNN. Les berges boisées méritent d’être gérées avec attention du fait de leur forte exposition à la fréquentation humaine dans ce contexte péri-urbain, ce qui demande notamment de sensibiliser les promeneurs à leur fragilité. Si cette étude de cas est utile pour la gestion de la RNN, la généralisation des résultats nécessiterait l’examen préalable d’autres couples berge/île le long de la Loire.
Chronic Histiocytic Intervillositis With Trophoblast Necrosis Is a Risk Factor Associated With Placental Infection From Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Intrauterine Maternal-Fetal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Transmission in Live-Born and Stillborn Infants
Authors: Schwartz David A. , Baldewijns Marcella , Benachi Alexandra , Bugatti Mattia , Collins Rebecca R. J. , De Luca Danièle , Facchetti Fabio , Linn Rebecca L. , Marcelis Lukas , Morotti Denise , Morotti Raffaella , Parks W. Tony , Patanè Luisa , Prevot Sophie , Pulinx Bianca , Rajaram Veena , Strybol David , Thomas Kristen , Vivanti Alexandre J.
Published: January 2021

Context.—

The number of neonates with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is increasing, and in a few there are reports of intrauterine infection.

Objective.—

To characterize the placental pathology findings in a preselected cohort of neonates infected by transplacental transmission arising from maternal infection with SARS-CoV-2, and to identify pathology risk factors for placental and fetal infection.

Design.—

Case-based retrospective analysis by a multinational group of 19 perinatal specialists of the placental pathology findings from 2 cohorts of infants delivered to mothers testing positive for SARS-CoV-2: live-born neonates infected via transplacental transmission who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after delivery and had SARS-CoV-2 identified in cells of the placental fetal compartment by molecular pathology, and stillborn infants with syncytiotrophoblast positive for SARS-CoV-2.

Results.—

In placentas from all 6 live-born neonates acquiring SARS-CoV-2 via transplacental transmission, the syncytiotrophoblast was positive for coronavirus using immunohistochemistry, RNA in situ hybridization, or both. All 6 placentas had chronic histiocytic intervillositis and necrosis of the syncytiotrophoblast. The 5 stillborn/terminated infants had placental pathology findings that were similar, including SARS-CoV-2 infection of the syncytiotrophoblast, chronic histiocytic intervillositis, and syncytiotrophoblast necrosis.

Conclusions.—

Chronic histiocytic intervillositis together with syncytiotrophoblast necrosis accompanies SARS-CoV-2 infection of syncytiotrophoblast in live-born and stillborn infants. The coexistence of these 2 findings in all placentas from live-born infants acquiring their infection prior to delivery indicates that they constitute a pathology risk factor for transplacental fetal infection. Potential mechanisms of infection of the placenta and fetus with SARS-CoV-2, and potential future studies, are discussed.
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Action: Planning, Leadership, and Programming. Christine Bombaro, ed. Chicago, IL: ALA Editions, 2020. 208p. Paper.
Authors: Leebaw Danya
Published: January 2021

Christine Bombaro’s edited volume, Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Action: Planning, Leadership, and Programming, is thoughtful, useful, and timely. Bombaro, associate director at the Dickinson College library, introduces this compilation by framing as a moral problem the gap between academic librarianship’s stated goals around diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) and its actual record. She argues that we must move beyond “merely trying our best” to actually “getting it right” (xii). Bombaro’s introduction and the first chapter serve to ground the book with historical and theoretical context around DEI in academic libraries and argue persuasively that we must move past dialogue to taking action. The chapters that follow offer case studies by academic library practitioners who describe actions taken in their institutions. Each chapter follows a similar structure, with literature reviews, case details, discussion, and careful footnoting. This book covers topics that include organizational goals and plans around DEI, developing cultural competencies for library staff, barriers to workforce diversity, and the development of models for how libraries can better serve the diverse communities with whom we work.
Academic Impact of Articles by Practitioners in the Field of Library and Information Science
Authors: Chang Yu-Wei
Published: January 2021

This study measured the relative academic impact of articles by LIS practitioners by analyzing library and information science articles published between 2005 and 2014. The results revealed that, although practitioners were not the main knowledge contributors, the academic impact of articles by practitioners was not significantly lower than that of articles by academics. No significant differences in academic impact were present between any two types of coauthored articles. Articles from academic–practitioner collaboration were cited earlier than articles from practitioner–practitioner and academic–academic collaborations. This study suggests that LIS practitioners appear to benefit from collaborative scholarship with LIS researchers through more citations and higher impact.
Um diário para as emoções: processo de educação pela arte com jovens privados de liberdade em Loja/Equador
Authors: Marcelino Carla
Published: January 2021

Este artigo pretende refletir sobre uma experiência vivenciada no Centro de Adolescentes em Conflito com a Lei CAC, na cidade de Loja, Equador, por meio da introdução da linguagem da educação artística como abertura para o desenvolvimento de uma postura reflexiva sobre as emoções e a consciência existencial para o teatro. A partir das artes visuais e das artes cênicas, foi proposta a construção de um diário descritivo e estético, que foi preenchido a partir do estímulo de temáticas emocionais exploradas num sentido progressivo. Desde a pintura do autorretrato até os jogos e a dramatização de pequenos contextos, o registro feito foi abordado como metáforas a serem exploradas conversando, neste compêndio, com autores que respaldam o tema por meio da responsabilidade social da educação para a arte.
Digital hybridization of plastic arts courses in Master teaching:
Authors: Ruppin Virginie
Published: January 2021

In the context of the global health crisis, our research started four years ago on the question of how to reconcile the teaching of the plastic arts and their practice within the training of the future teacher of schools when there is less and less hours of face-to-face lessons is all the more a topical subject. Indeed, at the present time, university courses are conducted remotely. Our study thus raises the question of the quality and content of the distance course in order to bring about plastic practices among students, future teachers. The hourly decline of this teaching over the past few decades questions the legitimacy, the stakes and the place of the student’s plastic practice. Likewise, the changes and challenges of teaching methods, particularly the emergenceof hybrid training through the use of digital technology, question posture changes in the trainer.
Aqui e lá:
Authors: Donaduzzi Carlos Alberto
Published: January 2021

Esse ensaio possui como base a apresentação da série autoral de fotografias “Aqui e lá”, realizada através de chamadas de vídeo. A intenção dessa produção poética e do texto que a acompanha é de analisar a ideia de um modo de existência virtual, de uma sociedade cada vez mais dependente de telas e imagens e, o papel da tecnologia nesse contexto.
Trajetos têxteis:
Authors: Dias Marina de Aguiar Casali
Published: January 2021

Revisitando os valores modernos que se referem ao papel do artista e suas ações, o artigo propõe analisar as dificuldades experienciadas pelas mulheres em relação ao acesso do espaço público e ao gesto de compor trajetórias através dele; considerando produções feministas como as de Linda Nochlin, Griselda Pollock e Alice Walker. A partir desta reflexão, sugere-se que os meios têxteis puderam proporcionar, durante a modernidade e até o tempo presente, um meio de percurso criativo que reconhece a si e ao ambiente doméstico como paisagem a ser apropriada e construída. Busca-se também apresentar as artistas contemporâneas Marissa Noana, Clara Nogueira e os Coletivos Avesso e Linhas, e suas trabalhos que visam tensionar estas dinâmicas de impedimento, levando a produção têxtil para a esfera pública, envolvida no contexto da arte urbana, das redes sociais e da videoarte. 
Assim, o artigo em traça um percurso iniciado pelos construtos da feminilidade e as limitações que implica sobre a ideia de trajeto; passando pela concepção de modos alternativos de deslocamento que habitam a esfera do íntimo e do doméstico e que, ainda assim, fornecem um conteúdo criativo importante para a história da arte feminina; e, por fim, demonstrando como a arte contemporânea produzida por mulheres tem encarnado esta carga histórica a ser reinterpretada, usufruindo das  novas posições conquistadas para criar possíveis trajetórias têxteis.
“dia dos pais” inclui pais trans: Masculinidades dissidentes e práticas artísticas LGBTTQIA+
Authors: Baliscei João Paulo , Gonçalves Cleberson Diego
Published: January 2021

Em 2020, próximo à data em que culturalmente se celebra o “dia dos pais” no Brasil, uma empresa nacional, popular na venda de cosméticos, convidou 14 homens para integrar uma campanha que valorizava pais presentes - dentre eles, Thammy Miranda (1982--), um homem transexual. A iniciativa gerou polêmica e divisão de opiniões, expondo, desse modo, ideias controversas não apenas sobre o “dia dos pais”, mas também sobre masculinidades não hegemônicas. A masculinidade hegemônica (CONNELL, 1990; 2016) se configura em uma concepção que descreve o “homem de verdade” como aquele que é imprescindivelmente atravessado pela cisgenereidade, pela heterossexualidade, pela branquitude, pela classe média-alta, pelos consumismos, pelo cristianismo e por demais marcadores identitários valorizados socialmente.  Neste artigo, desempenhamos o objetivo de evidenciar as potencialidades das práticas artístico-acadêmicas LGBTTQIA+, na ampliação dos significados conferidos às masculinidades. Para tanto, primeiro debruçamo-nos especificamente sobre algumas das reações relacionadas à campanha em questão, e as aproximamos de conceitos específicos dos Estudos das Masculinidades e de Gênero a partir de uma abordagem construtivista. Após, a partir da metodologia da Pesquisa em Arte (REY, 1996) compartilhamos o processo criativo dos autores, professores-pesquisadores-artistas gays, em duas produções artísticas intituladas 2018 d.C (2020) e Super pai (2020). O tratamento e a intenção artística dados a essas produções, consideramos, problematizam e denunciam aspectos violentos da paternidade desempenhada por masculinidades hegemônicas, e reclamam pela ampliação de pontos de vistas e referências a partir dos quais representam-se visualmente as masculinidades nos espaços escolares.
Regency Ornamental Décor in the Embroidery of Liturgical Textile in Lithuania from the 1720s to the Middle of the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Poligienė Svetlana
Published: January 2021

The article presents and discusses the so far poorly explored group of the embroidery of liturgical textile of the 1720s to the mid-eighteenth century distinguished by the Regency style, the ornamental decoration of the late Baroque variety. The elements of chinoiserie stylistics of oriental origin and bizarre style fabrics are organically interwoven with the dominant classical features of the style: Regency-type interwoven stripes, cartouches, and fields combined with stars of anise, blossoms of bellflowers and tiny tulips, and other floral motifs. For this purpose, we chose items of liturgical textile extant in Lithuanian churches and stored in depositories of various museums; we as also “took a look” in Poland and Belarus, the neighbouring lands of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) So far, the opinion has prevailed that we have only few items of liturgical textile decorated with embroidered Regency ornamental décor. However, the examples discussed in the text show that the statement needs to be revised. Indeed, a large amount of embroidery of this type has survived. The vestments from the early 1720s embroidered with the ornamental décor in the Regency style are distinct in ornamentation colours and technological changes against the general context of embroidered liturgical textiles of the period. The wares mentioned above enrich the depository of liturgical textile embroidery, and the mastery of the craft is superior to the examples found in neighbouring countries. The insights provided in the text suggest that in the future, the study could be expanded by further examination of the peculiarities of the period’s décor, its possible origin and interpretations, and the search for broader contextual links.
Readabilty in management reports: extension and good governance practices
Authors: Melón-Izco Álvaro , Ruiz-Cabestre Francisco Javier , Ruiz-Olalla Carmen
Published: January 2021

La legibilidad en los informes de gestión: extensión y buenas prácticas de gobierno corporativo.
Este estudio expande el conocimiento sobre la legibilidad de los informes contables, su extensión y el cumplimiento de las empresas con las prácticas de buen gobierno. También cubre un vacío en el análisis de la legibilidad de la información narrativa escrita en español. Examinamos la legibilidad en los Informes de Gestión de las empresas españolas que cotizan en el Mercado Continuo de la Bolsa de Madrid durante el período 2010-2016. Los resultados revelan que los informes de gestión más extensos, es decir, aquellos con mayor cantidad de texto, son los menos legibles, y que el uso de elementos visuales en los informes ayuda a mejorar su legibilidad. Además, las empresas que siguen prácticas de buen gobierno, emiten información compleja con claridad, velocidad y simplicidad, lo que mejora la legibilidad de los informes contables.

This study expands our knowledge about the readability of accounting narratives, their extension and companies’ compliance with good governance practices. It also covers a gap in the analysis of the readability of narrative information written in Spanish. We examined the readability in Management Reports of Spanish companies listed on the Continuous Market of the Madrid Stock Exchange during the period 2010–2016. The results reveal that the most extensive management reports — that is, those with the greatest quantities of text — are the least readable and that the use of visual elements in reports helps to improve their readability. Moreover, companies that follow good governance practices issue complex information with clarity, speed, and simplicity, which improves the readability of accounting narratives.
Spin fluctuations and uncoventional superconducting pairing
Authors: Li Jian-Xin ,   National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China,   Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
Published: January 2021

High-Tc cuprates, iron-based superconductors, heavy-fermion superconductors and κ-type layered organic superconductors share some common features − the proximity of the superconducting state to the magnetic ordered state and the non-s-wave superconducting pairing function. It is generally believed that the Cooper pairings in these unconventional superconductors are mediated by spin fluctuations. In this paper, we present a brief overview on the spin dynamics and unconventional pairing, focusing on high-Tc cuprates and iron-based superconductors. In particular, we will overview the properties of the neutron spin resonance and its possible origin, the pairing mechanism in Hubbard model within the weak-coupling framework and its application to the aforesaid unconventional superconductors. We point out that the interplay between magnetism and superconductivity is still an area of active research.
Euphorbia Plant Induced Toxic Keratopathy
Authors: Singh Atul Kumar , Pandey Ashish , Maheshwari Anjali
Published: January 2021

This case report illustrates the severe injury to eye secondary to accidental inoculation of latex content of Euphorbia plant. An 18 years old was given the task of trimming the hedge in the evening. During trimming, he accidentally traumatized his right eye with leaf sap. He reported to the emergency department few hours later with profound loss of vision. On examination, he had a large epithelial defect covering almost three-quarter of the cornea with signs of keratouveitis. After copious irrigation of his right eye, he was managed conservatively with regular follow up. After two weeks, his epithelial defect healed and the anterior chamber became quiet. This case highlights the importance of wearing protective wear during gardening, cutting trees. To the best of our knowledge, this is the youngest patient with such a large corneal defect almost covering the cornea secondary to euphorbia plant induced latex toxicity
Gluing the Glued Patch
Authors: Agarwal Rinky , Rathi Anubha , Chetan  , Sharma Namrata
Published: January 2021

Customized glued sutureless patch grafts can be tried as a definitive treatmentfor restoring ocular integrity in smaller corneal perforations. Donor cornea in these grafts is first fashioned to fit the corneal defect by a lock and key pattern and then secured to the host with the aid of an ophthalmic sealant. Wound dehiscence after glued grafts is a serious sight-threatening complication that is rarely reported and warrants urgent intervention to restore ocular integrity Presently described is a case of wound dehiscence post fibrin-glued patch graft managed timely by cyanoacrylate glue.
Deviant Behaviour in Third nerve Palsy
Authors: Kaur Savleen , Korla Shagun , Sukhija Jaspreet
Published: January 2021

29-year male presented with the complaints of diplopia for 4 years following a road traffic accident 5 years ago and drooping of left eye. A diagnosis of aberrant regeneration of third nerve was made. MRI revealed temporal lobe contusion. Aberrant regeneration may be a sign of underlying cavernous sinus tumour or aneurysm. Patient was stable at a follow up of 8 months and was advised surgery.
What example are we setting for younger generation during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Agarwal Rinky , Gupta Nitin , Gupta Chanchal , Sharma Namrata
Published: January 2021

Ongoing health crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, infuriated by SARS CoV-2 virus has slayed many lives in numerous nations. Psychological impact of this pandemic on health-care workers is profound and inexpressible. We presently discuss its adverse effects on coming generation of health-care professionals.
Microbiology of Sandwiches: “Street – Foods” and “Fast – Foods”
Authors: Chesca Ana Claudia , Brandão Karina Damião , Mangucci Carolina Bragine
Published: January 2021

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the microbiological quality and the presence of pathogens in sandwiches from different snack bars.

Study Design: Foods ready for consumption present a composition which facilitates their deterioration and care from production to consumption ensures its quality. The sandwich is a product of high consumption for its easy acquisition and despite its immediate consumption the sandwich can be considered a food offering risk to the consumers because it is composed of different ingredients that require excessive manipulation.

Place and Duration of Study: Food Microbiology Laboratory - University of Uberaba.

Methodology: For this study, 30 samples of this product were collected from the popular snack bars, street-foods and reputable fast-foods chains in Uberaba trade. The samples were transported to the Laboratory of Food Microbiology of the University of Uberaba in isotherm boxes filled with ice where they were kept under refrigeration until the time of analysis. The microbiological analyses were done according to the methods proposed by Vanderzant and Splittstoesser (1999) and Silva et al. (2007).

Results: From the total of the samples analyzed, 36.6% presented fecal coliforms and Salmonella sp.; 46.6% presented coagulase-positive Staphylococcus and 30% Bacillus cereus. There was no presence of sulphite-reducing clostridium.

Conclusion: The presence of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus indicates the lack of hygiene by food handlers because it is a living microorganism from the nasopharynx and the presence of Salmonella sp. and fecal coliforms indicate poor hygiene and sanitary handling. The improper handling and lack of care in relation to good practices favor the food poisoning.
The Joy of Architecture: Evoking Emotions Through Building
Authors: Shearcroft Geoff
Published: January 2021

Geoff Shearcroft – architect, architectural tutor, and director of London‐based AOC Architecture – opines that joy is crucial in architecture and that this joy is not about adherence to styles or prescribed spatial protocols, but emotional engagement. Joy propagated Postmodernism in the 1970s and 1980s, and so today, in another economically unstable time, it is re‐emerging, albeit differently.
Nanoparticle‐Based Activatable Probes for Bioimaging
Authors: Ma Tiancong , Xia Tian
Published: January 2021

Molecular imaging can provide functional and molecular information at the cellular or subcellular level in vivo in a noninvasive manner. Activatable nanoprobes that can react to the surrounding physiological environment or biomarkers are appealing agents to improve the efficacy, specificity, and sensitivity of molecular imaging. The physiological parameters, including redox status, pH, presence of enzymes, and hypoxia, can be designed as the stimuli of the activatable probes. However, the success rate of imaging nanoprobes for clinical translation is low. Herein, the recent advances in nanoparticle‐based activatable imaging probes are critically reviewed. In addition, the challenges for clinical translation of these nanoprobes are also discussed in this review.
Ar/H2/O2‐Controlled Growth Thermodynamics and Kinetics to Create Zero‐, One‐, and Two‐Dimensional Ruthenium Nanocrystals towards Acidic Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Chen Ligang , Li Yaping , Liang Xin
Published: January 2021

A gas controlled formation strategy is developed to synthesize free‐standing 0D Ru nanoparticles, 1D Ru nanowires, and 2D Ru nanosheets through in‐situ regulated growth thermodynamics and kinetics with typical inert, reductive, and oxidative gases (Ar/H2/O2). The growth process of these Ru nanoparticles, nanowires, and nanosheets follow non‐directional growth, shape‐directed nanoparticle attachment, and directional growth mechanisms, respectively. Kinetics studies approve that H2 accelerates the reduction rate of the Ru precursor, while O2 depresses the reduction. The calculation results of the Gibbs surface free energy under different gas coverage further show that small molecules’ gas can effectively regulate the surface state and growth rate. These Ru nanocrystals exhibit excellent acidic water splitting performance. This work has systematically studied the influence of the small molecule gas on the formation process of the Ru nanocrystals, and provides an effective idea for the development and research of high‐performance nanomaterials in the future.
Hydrogel Patterning with Catechol Enables Networked Electron Flow
Authors: Wu Si , Zhao Zhiling , Rzasa John R. , Kim Eunkyoung , Li Jinyang , VanArsdale Eric , Bentley William E. , Shi Xiaowen , Payne Gregory F.
Published: January 2021

Reduction–oxidation (redox) reactions provide a distinct modality for biological communication that is fundamentally different from the more‐familiar ion‐based electrical modality. Biology uses these two modalities for communication through different systems (immune versus nervous), and uses different mechanisms to control the flow of the charge carriers: the flow of soluble ions is controlled using structural barriers (i.e., membranes) and gates (e.g., membrane‐spanning protein channels), while the flow of insoluble electrons is controlled using redox‐reaction networks. Here, a simple electrochemical approach to pattern catechols onto a flexible polysaccharide hydrogel is reported and it is demonstrated that the patterned catechol regions serve as nodes for the mediated flow of electrons through redox reactions. Electron flow through this node involves the switching of binary redox states (oxidized and reduced) and this node's redox state can be detected (i.e., “read”) by passively observing its optical absorbance, or actively switching its redox‐state electrochemically. Further, this catechol node can be switched through biological mechanisms, and this enables the fabricated catechol node to be embedded within biochemical redox reaction networks to facilitate the spanning of bio‐electronic communication. Thus, it is envisioned that catechols can emerge as a molecular equivalent to a transistor for miniaturize‐able, deployable and sustainable redox‐linked bioelectronics.
Induced Chiral Chromonics Confined in Micrometric Droplets
Authors: Pellegrino Chiara , De Santo Maria Penelope , Spina Lorenza , Ciuchi Federica
Published: January 2021

Chirality emergence in biological systems is common but the chiral expression from the molecular to macroscopic level in water‐based systems is poorly understood. Among water‐based systems, chromonic liquid crystals have recently received a lot of attention due to the spontaneous chirality they show when confined in curved geometries. Confinement of chiral‐induced chromonics is not trivial since they are three component systems whose time stability is a delicate thermodynamic balance. In this work, a well‐defined periodic Frank–Pryce texture, typical of chiral thermotropic liquid crystals, is observed in microspheres of a chiral induced chromonic embedded in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) matrix. This texture slowly degrades in time and a possible mechanism behind the degradation process is suggested via X‐ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy measurements on thin chromonic films. To stabilize this texture and to control the structure periodicity, cations are added to the three components system in an attempt to tune the non‐covalent interactions between molecules and supramolecular stacks. The study of the effects of this addition allows for better insight into the molecular interactions that occur in the chiral induced mesophase. This is a crucial point in view of possible biocompatible technological applications.
Solar‐Driven Hydrogen Generation Catalyzed by g‐C3N4 with Poly(platinaynes) as Efficient Electron Donor at Low Platinum Content
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Liu Yurong , Jin Zhengyuan , Huang Meina , Zhou Feifan , Song Jun , Qu Junle , Zeng Yu‐Jia , Qian Peng‐Cheng , Wong Wai‐Yeung
Published: January 2021

A metal‐complex‐modified graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) bulk heterostructure is presented here as a promising alternative to high‐cost noble metals as artificial photocatalysts. Theoretical and experimental studies of the spectral and physicochemical properties of three structurally similar molecules Fo–D, Pt–D, and Pt–P confirm that the Pt(II) acetylide group effectively expands the electron delocalization and adjusts the molecular orbital levels to form a relatively narrow bandgap. Using these molecules, the donor–acceptor assemblies Fo–D@CN, Pt–D@CN, and Pt–P@CN are formed with g‐C3N4. Among these assemblies, the Pt(II) acetylide‐based composite materials Pt–D@CN and Pt–P@CN with bulk heterojunction morphologies and extremely low Pt weight ratios of 0.19% and 0.24%, respectively, exhibit the fastest charge transfer and best light‐harvesting efficiencies. Among the tested assemblies, 10 mg Pt–P@CN without any Pt metal additives exhibits a significantly improved photocatalytic H2 generation rate of 1.38 µmol h−1 under simulated sunlight irradiation (AM1.5G, filter), which is sixfold higher than that of the pristine g‐C3N4.
Pb Single Atoms Enable Unprecedented Catalytic Behavior for the Combustion of Energetic Materials
Authors: Qu Wengang , Niu Shiyao , Sun Da , Gao Hongxu , Wu Yishang , Yuan Zhifeng , Chen Xueli , Wang Ying , An Ting , Wang Gongming , Zhao Fengqi
Published: January 2021

Manipulating the thermal decomposition behavior of energetic materials is the key to further pushing the combustion performance of solid rocket propellants. Herein, atomically dispersed Pb single atoms on polydopamine (PDA‐Pb) are demonstrated, which display unprecedented catalytic activity toward the thermal decomposition of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX). Impressively, RDX‐based propellants with the addition of PDA‐Pb catalyst exhibit substantially enhanced burning rates (14.98 mm s−1 at 2 MPa), which is 4.8 times faster than that without PDA‐Pb and represents the best catalytic performance among Pb‐based catalysts. Moreover, it also possesses low‐pressure exponents in broad pressure ranges, which can enable more stable and safer combustion in solid rocket engines. Theoretical calculation unravels the efficient catalytic activity is stemmed from the enhanced interfacial electronic coupling between RDX and PDA‐Pb via orbital level engineering. More importantly, PDA‐Pb also presents similar catalytic behavior toward the decomposition of nitrocellulose, suggesting its broad catalytic generality. This work can open up new opportunities in the field of energetic compound combustion by exploring Pb‐based single atom catalysts and beyond.
Melt Electrospinning Writing of Magnetic Microrobots
Authors: Su Yingchun , Qiu Tian , Song Wen , Han Xiaojun , Sun Mengmeng , Wang Zhao , Xie Hui , Dong Mingdong , Chen Menglin
Published: January 2021

The magnetic microrobots actuated by an external magnetic field can access distant, enclosed, and small spaces under fuel‐free conditions, which is apromising technology for manipulation and delivery under microenvironment; however, the complicated fabrication method limits their applications. Herein, three techniques including melt electrospinning writing (MEW), micromolding, and skiving process are combined to successfully mass‐produce tadpole‐like magnetic polycaprolactone/Fe3O4 (PCL/Fe3O4) microrobot. Importantly, the tadpole‐like microrobots under an external magnetic field can achieve two locomotions: rolling mode and propulsion mode. The rolling motion can approach the working destination quickly with a speed of ≈2 mm s−1. The propulsion motion (0−340 µm s−1) can handle a microcargo. Such a simple and cost‐effective production method shows a great potential for scale‐up fabrication of advanced shape‐design, mass‐production, and multifunctionality microrobot.
Food consumption and stigmatization under COVID‐19: Evidence from Chinese consumers’ aversion to Wuhan hot instant noodles
Authors: Hao Na , Wang H. Holly
Published: January 2021

Pandemics often lead to food stigma, and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic provides some evidence to this belief. Mitigating food stigma during the pandemic is vital for consumption replenishment and economic recovery and helping the stigmatized people. We conduct an empirical study to examine consumer behaviors using Wuhan hot instant noodles (WHINs), a packaged version of the famous Chinese dish reganmian, as a case study. Although WHIN's name and origin signify Wuhan, the epicenter of the pandemic, the noodles could be actually produced elsewhere, but since the COVID‐19 outbreak, WHIN has been avoided. On the basis of our results, we find that providing scientific information about the irrelevance between WHIN and the coronavirus is not effective in changing the minds of people with stigma. Moreover, stigma is more emotional than rational, especially among people with a lower self‐identified social class and poor psychological state. Therefore, psychological intervention programs may be warranted during pandemics to avoid potential stigmatization. The findings of this study could help to resolve the stigma affecting regional agriculture and the food economy. [EconLit citations: Q11, Q13].
Lack of biological mortality bias in the timing of dental formation in contemporary children: Implications for the study of past populations
Authors: Spake Laure , Hoppa Robert D. , Blau Soren , Cardoso Hugo F. V.
Published: January 2021

Objectives

Biological mortality bias is the idea that individuals who perish (non‐survivors) are biologically distinct from those who survive (survivors). If biological mortality bias is large enough, bioarchaeological studies of nonsurvivors (skeletal samples) cannot accurately represent the experiences of the survivors of that population. This effect is particularly problematic for the study of juvenile individuals, as growth is particularly sensitive to environmental insults. In this study, we test whether biological mortality bias exists in one dimension of growth, namely dental development.

Materials and methods

Postmortem computed tomography scans of 206 children aged 12 years and younger at death were collected from two institutions in the United States and Australia. The sample was separated into children dying from natural causes as proxies for non‐survivors and from accidental causes as proxies for survivors. Differences in the timing of dental development were assessed using sequential logistic regressions between dental formation stages and residual analysis of dental minus chronological age.

Results

No consistent delay in age of attainment of dental stages was documented between survivors and non‐survivors. Delays between survivors and non‐survivors in dental relative to chronological age were greatest for infants, and were greater for females than for males.

Discussion

Lack of biological mortality bias in dental development reinforces confidence in juvenile age estimates and therefore in skeletal growth profiles and growth studies. As dental development is known to be less environmentally sensitive than skeletal growth and development, further studies should examine biological mortality bias in long bone length.
Dual‐Protected Metal Halide Perovskite Nanosheets with an Enhanced Set of Stabilities
Authors: He Yanjie , Liang Yachao , Liang Shuang , Harn Yeu‐Wei , Li Zili , Zhang Mingyue , Shen Dingfeng , Li Zhiwei , Yan Yan , Pang Xinchang , Lin Zhiqun
Published: January 2021

Approaches to achieve stable perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) of interest, in particular those with large structural anisotropy, through protective coating of the inorganic shell at a single‐nanocrystal (NC) level are comparatively few and limited in scope. Reported here is a robust amphiphilic‐diblock‐copolymer‐enabled strategy for crafting highly‐stable anisotropic CsPbBr3 nanosheets (NSs) by in situ formation of a uniform inorganic shell (1st shielding) that is intimately ligated with hydrophobic polymers (2nd shielding). The dual‐protected NSs display an array of remarkable stabilities (i.e., thermal, photostability, moisture, polar solvent, aliphatic amine, etc.) and find application in white‐light‐emitting diodes. In principle, by anchoring other multidentate amphiphilic polymer ligands on the surface of PNCs, followed by templated‐growth of shell materials of interest, a rich variety of dual‐shelled, multifunctional PNCs with markedly improved stabilities can be created for use in optics, optoelectronics, and sensory devices.
Genetic Association of a Gain‐of‐Function IFNGR1 Polymorphism and the Intergenic Region LNCAROD/DKK1 With Behçet’s Disease
Authors: Ortiz Fernández Lourdes , Coit Patrick , Yilmaz Vuslat , Yentür Sibel P. , Alibaz‐Oner Fatma , Aksu Kenan , Erken Eren , Düzgün Nursen , Keser Gokhan , Cefle Ayse , Yazici Ayten , Ergen Andac , Alpsoy Erkan , Salvarani Carlo , Casali Bruno , Kısacık Bünyamin , Kötter Ina , Henes Jörg , Çınar Muhammet , Schaefer Arne , Nohutcu Rahime M. , Zhernakova Alexandra , Wijmenga Cisca , Takeuchi Fujio , Harihara Shinji , Kaburaki Toshikatsu , Messedi Meriam , Song Yeong‐Wook , Kaşifoğlu Timuçin , Carmona F. David , Guthridge Joel M. , James Judith A. , Martin Javier , González Escribano María Francisca , Saruhan‐Direskeneli Güher , Direskeneli Haner , Sawalha Amr H.
Published: January 2021

Objective

Behçet’s disease is a complex systemic inflammatory vasculitis of incompletely understood etiology. This study was undertaken to investigate genetic associations with Behçet’s disease in a diverse multiethnic population.

Methods

A total of 9,444 patients and controls from 7 different populations were included in this study. Genotyping was performed using an Infinium ImmunoArray‐24 v.1.0 or v.2.0 BeadChip. Analysis of expression data from stimulated monocytes, and epigenetic and chromatin interaction analyses were performed.

Results

We identified 2 novel genetic susceptibility loci for Behçet’s disease, including a risk locus in IFNGR1 (rs4896243) (odds ratio [OR] 1.25; P = 2.42 × 10−9) and within the intergenic region LNCAROD/DKK1 (rs1660760) (OR 0.78; P = 2.75 × 10−8). The risk variants in IFNGR1 significantly increased IFNGR1 messenger RNA expression in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated monocytes. In addition, our results replicated the association (P < 5 × 10−8) of 6 previously identified susceptibility loci in Behçet’s disease: IL10, IL23R, IL12A‐AS1, CCR3, ADO, and LACC1, reinforcing the notion that these loci are strong genetic factors in Behçet’s disease shared across ancestries. We also identified >30 genetic susceptibility loci with a suggestive level of association (P < 5 × 10−5), which will require replication. Finally, functional annotation of genetic susceptibility loci in Behçet’s disease revealed their possible regulatory roles and suggested potential causal genes and molecular mechanisms that could be further investigated.

Conclusion

We performed the largest genetic association study in Behçet’s disease to date. Our findings reveal novel putative functional variants associated with the disease and replicate and extend the genetic associations in other loci across multiple ancestries.
The Vasculopathy of Juvenile Dermatomyositis: Endothelial Injury, Hypercoagulability, and Increased Arterial Stiffness
Authors: Papadopoulou Charalampia , Hong Ying , Krol Petra , Al Obaidi Muthana , Pilkington Clarissa , Wedderburn Lucy R. , Brogan Paul A. , Eleftheriou Despina
Published: January 2021

Objective

Vasculopathy is considered central to the pathogenesis of juvenile dermatomyositis (DM) and is associated with severe extramuscular manifestations. We undertook this study to investigate the hypothesis that the vasculopathy of juvenile DM can be noninvasively tracked by examining biomarkers of endothelial injury, subclinical inflammation, hypercoagulability, and vascular arterial stiffness.

Methods

The study population was a UK cohort of children with juvenile DM. Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and microparticles (MPs) were identified using immunomagnetic bead extraction and flow cytometry, respectively. Plasma thrombin generation was determined using a fluorogenic assay. Cytokine and chemokine levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence. Arterial stiffness was assessed using pulse wave velocity (PWV). Results were expressed as the median and interquartile range (IQR), and statistical significance was assessed using nonparametric analyses.

Results

Ninety patients with juvenile DM and 79 healthy control subjects were included. The median age of the patients was 10.21 years (IQR 6.68–13.40), and the median disease duration was 1.63 years (IQR 0.28–4.66). CEC counts were higher in all patients with juvenile DM compared to controls (median 96 cells/ml [IQR (40–192] and 12 cells/ml [IQR 8–24], respectively; P < 0.0001). Circulating MP numbers were also significantly higher in patients with active juvenile DM compared to controls (median 204.7 × 103/ml [IQR 87.9–412.6] and 44.3 × 103/ml [IQR 15.0–249.1], respectively; P < 0.0001). MPs were predominantly of platelet and endothelial origin. Enhanced plasma thrombin generation was demonstrated in patients with active juvenile DM compared to those with inactive disease (P = 0.0003) and controls (P < 0.0001). Carotid‐radial PWV adjusted for age was increased in patients with juvenile DM compared to controls (P = 0.003).

Conclusion

We observed increased endothelial injury and increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines in patients with active juvenile DM. MP profiles reflected distinct disease activity status in juvenile DM and are markers of vascular pathology, platelet activation, and thrombotic propensity. Ongoing long‐term vascular injury may result in increased arterial stiffness in patients with juvenile DM.
Collaborative qualitative research at scale: Reflections on 20 years of acquiring global data and making data global
Authors: Borgman Christine L. , Wofford Morgan F. , Golshan Milena S. , Darch Peter T.
Published: January 2021

A 5‐year project to study scientific data uses in geography, starting in 1999, evolved into 20 years of research on data practices in sensor networks, environmental sciences, biology, seismology, undersea science, biomedicine, astronomy, and other fields. By emulating the “team science” approaches of the scientists studied, the UCLA Center for Knowledge Infrastructures accumulated a comprehensive collection of qualitative data about how scientists generate, manage, use, and reuse data across domains. Building upon Paul N. Edwards's model of “making global data”—collecting signals via consistent methods, technologies, and policies—to “make data global”—comparing and integrating those data, the research team has managed and exploited these data as a collaborative resource. This article reflects on the social, technical, organizational, economic, and policy challenges the team has encountered in creating new knowledge from data old and new. We reflect on continuity over generations of students and staff, transitions between grants, transfer of legacy data between software tools, research methods, and the role of professional data managers in the social sciences.
A Minireview on High‐Performance Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Zheng Junsheng , Xing Guangguang , Zhang Luyao , Lu Yanyan , Jin Liming , Zheng Jim P.
Published: January 2021

Lithium‐ion capacitors (LICs) are assembled with a battery‐type anode and a capacitor‐type cathode, so they combine high energy density of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and excellent rate and cycling performance of supercapacitors (SCs). However, the current level still cannot satisfy the target. And the leading problem is LICs cannot offer enough capacity under high power density and long cycling life due to the storage mechanism of anodes. This paper gives the present attempts on electrodes, solid–electrolyte interface (SEI) and operation conditions. And after discussion, the paper holds that the discharge voltage plateau of anodes should be well‐chosen, and the anode structure like an ordered mesoporous structure can provide fast and versatile transport pathways for charge transfer and provide free space to accommodate the volume change upon Li‐ions insertion/extraction. In addition, the multilayer SEI with the synergism like LiF and Li2CO3 can provide better electronic insulation and ion conductivity. Furthermore, appropriate working potential is also an effective mean to improve performance of LICs.
Synthesis of Spirooxindoles Bearing 1,3‐Oxathiolane‐2‐thione Moiety From Isatin‐Derived Propargylic Alcohols
Authors: Kim Jae Nyoung , Lee Sangku
Published: January 2021

Spirooxindoles bearing 1,3‐oxathiolane‐2‐thione moiety were synthesized from isatin‐derived propargylic alcohols and carbon disulfide in the presence of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU). The spirooxindoles were formed stereoselectively via attack of the alkoxide of propargylic alcohol to carbon disulfide to form xanthate anion and a following 5‐exo‐dig cyclization process.