bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
АНАЛИЗ МАРКЕТИНГОВОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ ВЕДУЩИХ ЕВРОПЕЙСКИХ БЮДЖЕТНЫХ АВИАКОМПАНИЙ «EASYJET» И «RYANAIR»
Authors: Рублев Владимир Владимирович , Ларин Олег Николаевич
Published: December 2020

Цель работы. Ключевой целью проводимого исследования стал анализ маркетинговой политики двух крупнейших бюджетных авиакомпаний Европы – авиакомпании «easyJet» (Великобритания) и авиакомпании «Ryanair» (Ирландия). Методология и методы проведения работы. В статье представлен анализ рынка крупнейших авиакомпаний Европы, определена роль и влияние бюджетных авиакомпаний на структуру рынка. Установлено, что эксплуатационная эффективность авиапарка бюджетных авиакомпаний значительно выше показателя эксплуатационной эффективности классических авиакомпаний. Представлен анализ маршрутной сети исследуемых авиакомпаний на региональном рынке пассажирских авиаперевозок (на примере аэропорта г. Бордо, Франция). Проведен анализ ценообразования бюджетных авиакомпаний по ряду региональных направлений.  Результаты. Результатом исследования является выявление основных принципов построения маркетинговой политики бюджетных авиакомпаний. Минимизация производственных затрат, в том числе минимальный рекламный бюджет, лояльность к часто летающим пассажирам, высокая загруженность рейсов (выше показателей классических авиакомпаний), высокая доля доходов от реализации дополнительных услуг (питание на борту, услуга выбора места, услуга изменения даты вылета, услуга по провозу регистрируемого багажа) являются ключевыми отличительными особенностями от классических авиакомпаний. Стоимость авиабилета, являющаяся более низкой по сравнению с авиабилетами по заданным маршрутам классических авиакомпаний, является фундаментальной основой популярности бюджетных авиакомпаний. Область применения результатов. Результаты проведенного исследования могут быть использованы при разработке маркетинговых стратегий национальных авиакомпаний России. Европейский опыт развития сегмента бюджетных авиаперевозок доказал свою эффективность в условиях преодоления последствий мирового финансового кризиса 2008 года, в результате которого влияние бюджетных авиаперевозчиков на рынок пассажирских авиаперевозок Европы заметно возросло. Выводы. В условиях макроэкономической нестабильности, спровоцированной пандемией COVID-19, был нанесен колоссальный ущерб рынку пассажирских авиаперевозок. Значительное количество стран ввели временный запрет и ограничительные меры на авиаперелеты, что спровоцировало падение спроса, по оценкам экспертов, от 60 % до 90 %. В сложившихся условиях, преодолевая последствия макроэкономического кризиса, авиакомпании будут совершенствовать маркетинговые стратегии и внедрять механизмы управления авиаперевозками, доказавшие свою эффективность.
ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ФИСКАЛЬНОГО ЗНАЧЕНИЯ СТРАХОВЫХ ВЗНОСОВ В РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ПЕНСИОННЫХ ПРАВ ГРАЖДАН РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Authors: Сомоев Рамазан Гусейнович , Махдиева Юлия Махдиевна
Published: December 2020

Цель работы. В статье рассматриваются роль страховых взносов в формировании бюджета Пенсионного фонда и реализации пенсионных прав граждан Российской Федерации и направления повышения их фискального значения. Методы проведения работы. В качестве методологической основы исследования использовались общенаучные диалектические методы познания: наблюдение, сравнение, анализ и синтез теоретического и практического материала, позволившие проанализировать фискальное значение страховых взносов в реализации пенсионных прав граждан РФ. Результаты работы. В работе обосновано, что в современных условиях эффективность реализации пенсионных прав граждан РФ зависит прежде всего от стабильной и крепкой взносооблагаемой базы страховых взносов и качественного их администрирования. Отмечается, что решение проблемы финансового обеспечения пенсионных расходов в РФ видится в росте облагаемой базы страховых взносов и налоговой базы. С учетом зарубежного опыта и современных проблем в социально-экономическом развитии РФ предлагаются пути повышения объема поступлений страховых взносов и усиления их регулирующей функции. При этом указывается на необходимость значительного сокращения общей ставки страховых взносов до уровня 20% и расширения перечня доходов и плательщиков, освобождаемых от уплаты взносов. Также предлагается по страховым взносам вместо налоговых расходов использовать термин «страховые расходы». Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования имеют перспективы применения в теории и практике государственных финансов, могут быть использованы органами власти при разработке программных документов, направленных на развитие пенсионной системы и ее дальнейшее реформирование. Выводы. Делается вывод, что финансовая устойчивость пенсионной системы в первую очередь зависит от достаточных и стабильных поступлений страховых взносов в бюджет Пенсионного фонда РФ, в связи с чем необходимо обеспечить рост доли заработной платы в себестоимости продукции, а также в структуре ВВП, снизив при этом размер общего налога на фонд оплаты труда, что позволит вывести серые зарплаты из тени и увеличить объем поступлений налога на доходы физических лиц и страховых взносов.
Levels of Readiness and Preparedness of Selected South African TVET Colleges in Meeting the Requirements of the Hospitality Industry
Authors: Olowoyo Mary Motolani , Ramaila Sam , Mavuru Lydia
Published: December 2020

Skill shortages within the hospitality sector is a major problem. The evaluation was undertaken to establish if the TVET colleges are well equipped to have a meaningful impact on the provision of appropriate skills required by the hospitality industry. The study adopted a mixed method approach as part of the survey design. The inherent structure of the curriculum was benchmarked against the expectations of employers of TVET college graduates. Data was collected through the administration of a survey questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The survey questionnaire specifically examined available infrastructure at the TVET colleges utilised for hospitality studies, training provided by the academic personnel, curriculum content and employers’ expected curriculum outcomes. Seven principals, 14 lecturers and 22 employers were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule. The key findings of the study revealed that the curriculum on offer placed considerable emphasis on Catering and Hotel Management. Entrepreneurship and Business Management courses are only offered at N5 level and Communication and Human Relations are offered at N6 level, notwithstanding the fact that they are largely regarded as core skills within the hospitality and tourism industry. Students are afforded work integrated learning opportunities on completion of their studies. Employers observed that a large proportion lacked skills. There appears to be sustained reluctance on the part of academic personnel and institutional management to harness funding. There is a critical need for coherent alignment between curriculum content and the needs of the hospitality industry through periodic reviews.
Recorrido equinoccial - Intyshayakllipllayñan
Authors: Macas Paredes José Luis
Published: December 2020

Este texto se propone dar a conocer el proceso de la investigación artística, la ejecución del proyecto Recorrido Equinoccial – Intyshayakllipllayñan, y sus elementos, llevado a cabo por José Luis Macas Paredes para la XIV Bienal de Cuenca “Estructuras vivientes, el arte como experiencia plural”, marcando como hitos fundamentales el equinoccio del 21 marzo y el del 21 de septiembre de 2018. En este proceso la observación y estudio geoastronómico se conjugaron con los calendarios agrofestivos, la celebración y la ritualidad ancestrales, para devenir un ejercicio de memoria, mediante objetos de arte contemporáneo instalados en las fachadas cuencanas, o para ser portados en la procesión que fue parte de una “acción en minka”, mediante la danza, los sonidos, y la comida que en el recorrido trazado destacaron las antiguas marcas equinocciales sobre la urbe cuencana, y a través de la exposición que rememoró cada uno de aquellos pasos, reuniendo objetos, videoregistros, dibujos y fotografías.
‘Caminhando’ de Lygia Clark como metáfora hacia la incorporación del arte fuera de la eficacia social
Authors: Torres Diana Alejandra
Published: December 2020

Lygia Clark, co-fundadora del movimiento brasileño neoconcentrista, reconcilia los procesos artísticos y los procesos científicos como una reflexión vital que resuena fuera de cualquier valoración. Valoración que se ha visto impostada en la malla curricular ecuatoriana. Clark dialoga y manifiesta la posibilidad de una aplicación transversal y mimética entre el individuo y su educación, teniendo como hilo conductor a todas las formas de expresión artística. Pone en evidencia la necesidad de una Pedagogía de las artes nacida desde su naturaleza epistemológica, los procesos constructivos, de lectura crítica-reflexiva y su relación teórica-práctica. Lygia Clark nos permite vislumbrar una nueva forma al repensar la manera de “evaluar” las diferentes expresiones artísticas y su forma de aplicación.
Development of Thematic Economic Comic Character for Children from Early on
Authors: Rahmatullah Rahmatullah , Inanna Inanna , Rabania Rabania
Published: December 2020

This study aims to develop a character economy comic for early childhood. This research is a type of research development (Research and Development) includes 5 stages, namely needs analysis; Identify the material to be developed; Development; Production; as well as the Trial stage. After the product has been designed, a material expert will assess the feasibility of the material content developed in a comic character design, as well as a design expert to assess the feasibility of the design side, both in the structure and appearance of the images as outlined in designing thematic economic comics. The data analysis technique used qualitative descriptive analysis and quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that thematic economic comics were feasible to be developed and tested on users based on the results of due diligence by experts. The average value of the results of the material expert trial was 4.7, while the results of the design expert's assessment obtained an average score of 4.5. The two results of the assessment are in the very feasible category for use in the field trial phase. After conducting field trials on elementary school level students, an average score of 4.7 was obtained and was in the very feasible category. Thus, it can be understood that the character economy comics that are developed can be a supplement in learning, especially in fostering children's economic character from an early age
Cervical artery dissection: ethiopathogenesis, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment (literature review)
Authors: Zagorskienė I. , Paplauskaitė A. , Valaikienė J.
Published: December 2020

Cervical artery dissection (CAD) is considered a rare disorder, but among young adults it is a common cause of stroke (causes about 25% of strokes in young adults). So far, the pathophysiology of spontaneous CAD is probably best described as an interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The most frequent symptom of CAD is headache or pain in the face or neck, which might be followed by symptoms of acute cerebral ischaemia. The diagnosis of CAD can be confirmed by various imaging techniques, but it has to be suspected by the clinician first. Acute stroke due to CAD can be treated with thrombolysis, and to prevent stroke (whether primary or secondary) anticoagulants or antiplatelets are used. Unfortunately, no consensus is made for the first-line treatment yet. Endovascular treatment is an alternative option for selected patients. Overall, prognosis of CAD is usually favorable, relapse of stroke is rare, and mortality rate is low.
Narcolepsy treatment: from exorcism and bloodletting to modern therapy with histamine receptor inverse agonists
Authors: Sakalauskaitė-Juodeikienė E. , Masaitienė R.
Published: December 2020

In this review article, we present the treatment of narcolepsy since ancient times when patients experiencing the phenomenon of incubus (today understood as sleep paralysis with hypnagogic or hypnopompic hallucinations) were “cured” during the sessions of exorcism. At the beginning of the 19th century, in Vilnius clinics, the incubus disease was treated by providing lifestyle, diet, and sleep hygiene recommendations, also using antiphlogistic methods, as well as antispasmodic medicine and quinine bark. It was not until the late 20th century, when narcolepsy was perceived as a central hypersomnia due to partial or complete loss of hypocretin-secreting neurons in the hypothalamus, that effective symptomatic treatment emerged. Psychostimulants such as modafinil, armodafinil, pitolisant, and sodium oxybate were the first-line strategies. In second line, methylphenidate could be used. Amphetamine mixed salts or D-amphetamine could only be used in the third line because of potential cardiovascular and psychiatric side effects. Sodium oxybate, pitolisant, and venlafaxine were the first-line medications recommended for cataplexy. Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors were also often prescribed to manage cataplexy, while low doses of tricyclic antidepressants were used as third-line treatment. In this paper, we also present new European management guidelines for narcolepsy presented in 17th European Narcolepsy Masterclass in Berlin in September 5, 2020. Pitolisant, one of the latest drugs used for the symptomatic treatment of type I and II narcolepsy in adults, is a unique histamine H3 receptor antagonist/reverse agonist, the only wake-promoting agent in the market without risk of abuse. Currently, the treatment of narcolepsy with pitolisant is reimbursed in Lithuania. In this article, we also review future perspectives for narcolepsy treatment including novel versions of sodium oxybate, the noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor reboxetine, the combination of modafinil and the astroglial connexins inhibitor flecainide, selective hypocretin-2 receptor agonists, and immune-based therapies.
Features of the course and treatment of low back pain in patients with reduced bone mineral density
Authors: Shuba N. M. , Tsymbaliuk T. S. , Krylova A. S. , Voronova T. D.
Published: December 2020

Objective. To investigate the features of the course, clinical manifestations and the effect of symptomatic slow anti-inflammatory drugs (SYSADOA) on the course of the disease in patients with low back pain and low bone mineral density.Materials and methods. The study included 100 patients (60 women and 40 men) aged 34 to 80 years. Patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the index of bone mineral density (BMD). Peculiarities of the course and effectiveness of treatment were assessed using questionnaires VAS, Oswestry, Roland-Morris and McGill. Levels of nonspecific indicators of inflammation (ESR and CRP), cytokines (IL-1, IGF-1, NO), metabolic indicators (lipid, carbohydrate, liver markers) were also studied. “SPSS Statistics” software was used for statistical data processing.Results. The research showed that patients with low bone mineral density had worse performance results on the VAS, Oswestry, McGill and Roland-Morris questionnaires compared to patients with normal BMD. Inflammatory rates such as ESR, CRP, IL-1, NO, IGF-1 were also worse in patients with low bone mineral density. The dynamics of questionnaires and inflammatory markers during treatment was better in patients with normal BMD.Conclusions. Our study showed that patients with low bone mineral density had a more severe course of low back pain: more intense inflammation, worse psycho-emotional state, physical activity and quality of life compared to people with normal BMD. Moreover, patients with low bone mineral density had worse dynamics of SYSADOA treatment.
Are cognitive functions associated with depression and self-efficacy in stroke patients?
Authors: Janavičiūtė J. , Šinkariova L.
Published: December 2020

Background. Stroke is a common cause of death worldwide. Post stroke cognitive impairment and depression increase mortality rates and complicate recovery. It is not clear why some patients experience post stroke depression and cognitive impairment and others do not. Meanwhile, higher self-efficacy is associated with lower depression, better quality of life, and daily functioning in a sample of stroke patients, so it is important to examine the links between these three phenomena.The aim of the study was to investigate the relationships between cognitive function, depression, and self-efficacy in stroke patients.Materials and methods. The subjects were asked socio-demographic questions. Cognitive function in stroke patients was measured using Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III. The Patient Health Questionnaire was used to measure depression, and The Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire was used for self-efficacy. Finger tapping test was used in the study to determine the location of the stroke.Results and conclusions. The results of the study reveal that cognitive function in stroke patients is not associated with depression or self-efficacy in the general group of stroke patients. In the group of stroke patients with better cognitive function, better attentional function is associated with lower depression and higher self-efficacy. In the same group, poorer language functions are associated with higher scores on the self-efficacy activity subscale and overall self-efficacy scale results. As well as, better spatial abilities are associated with higher scores on the self-efficacy self-management subscale and overall self-efficacy scale results. In the group of stroke patients with poorer cognitive function, better spatial ability is associated with higher self-efficacy.
Assessment of stigmatization in people with epilepsy
Authors: Pociuvienė G. , Streckytė D. , Mameniškienė R.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Although 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy, the prevalent negative attitudes towards them impair their quality of life and limit opportunities to study and work. To our knowledge, epilepsy stigmatization has not been studied in Lithuania. For this reason, we aimed to assess the attitudes to epilepsy and epilepsy stigmatization in people with epilepsy (PWE).Methods. In October 2019-March 2020, adult PWE completed a newly developed anonymous questionnaire composed of 8 socio-demographic and 20 closed-ended questions to assess epilepsy stigma. Stigmatization was assumed to be non-existing or low at <33 points, average at 33-64 and high at 65-100 points. MS Excel and IBM SPSS 21.0 were used for statistical analysis. Statistical significance was assumed at p<0.05.Results. 129 completed questionnaires were analyzed. Mean age of the subjects was 36±15.8 years; 62% were women. Although 93.8% of PWE have heard/read about epilepsy (p=0.137), 24.8% of them believe that epilepsy is a mental illness (p=0.723); 66.7% think that epilepsy is incurable (p=0.798); 45% reported that society treats PWE differently (more often women, p=0.028), and 63.6% think that PWE face difficulties working and studying (p=0.485). Mean stigma score is 39.3±16.5. The score does not depend on socio-demographic data (p>0.05). A higher score weakly correlates with older age (R=0.2, p=0.024), although higher stigma scores correlate with the opinion that epilepsy is a mental (p=0.026) and incurable illness (p=0.000). Respondents with a higher stigmatization score are more likely to think that PWE face difficulties working or studying (R=0.58, p=0.000) and in relationships (R=0.59, p=0.000) as well as that society has a preconceived negative attitude towards PWE (R=0.46, p=0.000). Stigma level is higher when PWE feel anxiety (R=0.5, p=0.000), shame (R=0.55, p=0.000), fear (R=0.6, p=0.000), sadness (R=0.62, p=0.000) and consider to be depended on other individuals (R=0.68, p=0.000).Conclusions. Lack of knowledge about epilepsy is possibly the main reason for epilepsy stigmatization at the average level: a quarter of respondents with epilepsy believe that epilepsy is a mental illness, more than a fifth believe that epilepsy cannot be controlled and two-thirds believe that it cannot be cured.
Corpus callosotomy for treatment of pediatric epilepsy: two clinical cases and a literature review
Authors: Matonytė R. , Ročka S. , Grikinienė J.
Published: December 2020

Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic diseases in children and it affects approximately 6.1 per 1000 children in Lithuania as of 2018 data. The onset of epilepsy most often develops in children and older adults. The condition of epilepsy may be traced to various factors and seizure symptoms can vary widely. Controlled seizures are the main goal of epilepsy management. Children with uncontrolled seizures may develop speech, language, cognitive and behavioral dysfunction epileptic encephalopathies. Effective management of epilepsy in children not only improves condition of health, but also reduces social exclusion and helps integrate into educational activities. However, even if the disease is diagnosed early and appropriate antiepileptic drug therapy is prescribed, epileptic seizures persist in 20-40% of patients. For some of these patients, surgical treatment of epilepsy, such as resection or palliative surgery, may be effective in reducing seizures. Resection of a localized epileptogenic focus is an effective treatment for appropriate refractory cases. However, not all patients are candidates for the resection, for example, in the case of multifocal or rapidly generalizing seizures without a clearly identified epileptogenic focus. One of the most effective treatment for refractory epilepsy is corpus callosotomy. The corpus callosum is the most important pathway for the spread of epileptic activity between the two hemispheres of the brain. Its cutting precludes epileptic discharges from traveling between hemispheres (i.e., generalization). Overall, long-term follow-up studies after callosotomy have shown improvement in 80-90% of patients (seizure-free or reduction). The paper describes two pediatric patients treated in Vilnius University Hospital Santara Clinics, Department of Pediatric Neurology and Neurosurgery, who underwent a corpus callosotomy, and compares the outcome of these clinical cases with the results of recent clinical trials.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Urbonaitė G. V. , Audronytė E. , Valaikienė J.
Published: December 2020

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare condition that is diagnosed based on clinical and radiological findings. Usually this condition manifests with acute neurological symptoms, such as headache, impaired consciousness, seizures and/or vision disturbances with fluctuations in arterial blood pressure, and neuroimaging abnormalities of bilateral subcortical vasogenic edema, usually seen in occipital lobes. The pathophysiology of this syndrome is still debated, however, it is thought that PRES develops due to the endothelial dysfunction. PRES should be suspected when acute neurological symptoms develop in patients with renal insufficiency, arterial hypertension or fluctuations in blood pressure, eclampsia, sepsis, and autoimmune diseases who are taking immunosupressive or citotoxic medications. The main treatment consists of the removal of the precipitating factors (correction of arterial hypertension, cessation of immunosupressive treatment or dose reduction). The prognosis is usually good, with a regresion in clinical and radiological symptoms and signs in several days or weeks. Very rarely, PRES can have complications like intracerebral hemmorhage, severe brain edema, and fatal outcome or persisting disability.In this article, we present a rare clinical case when PRES was diagnosed accidentally during a follow-up head magnetic resonance imaging of meningioma. The patient, who had suffered from chronic headaches for several years, had arterial hypertension with fluctuations in blood pressure. Typical radiological signs of PRES remained visible after 1, 3 and 6 months and completely regressed after a year.
Successful thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke in the presence of hyposphagma: a clinical case report
Authors: Ulianskaitė G. , Timinskaitė A. , Valaikienė J.
Published: December 2020

Background. In cases with standard indications and contraindications for the treatment of acute stroke, urgent thrombolysis with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator provides undoubted benefit. However, atypical situations not described in standard treatment guidelines may occur in daily clinical practice. Hence, a clinical case of a patient with an acute ischemic stroke and concomitant ocular bleeding is presented. The medical team needed to urgently evaluate the additional risk of ocular bleeding and make the most appropriate decision on using thrombolytic stroke therapy.Case presentation. A 70-year-old female with acute right-sided weakness was admitted to the emergency department within 2.5 hours. Cerebral computed tomography revealed hyperacute ischemia in the left frontal-parietal area. The neurologist diagnosed an acute ischemic stroke in the left middle cerebral artery with mild right-sided hemiparesis, and the ophthalmologist diagnosed subconjunctival haemorrhage (i.e. hyposphagma). In the absence of absolute contraindications, intravenous thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator was performed. The neurological symptoms regressed within one day and the hyposphagma was significantly reabsorbed within three days. The patient was discharged without residual deficits.Conclusions. The presented clinical case contributes to the positive evidence that systemic thrombolysis is a safe and effective method for the treatment of an acute ischemic stroke in the presence of hyposphagma.
COVID-19 and Consumer Financial Vulnerability
Authors: Van Ophem Johan
Published: December 2020

Aim: This paper provides an overview of the impact of COVID-19 on consumer (household) financial vulnerability in the Netherlands in the context of socio-economic developments for households in the period 2008-2016.

 

Design/ research methods: After a discussion of the socio-economic developments for household in the period 2008-2016, financial vulnerability analytics is used to discuss the implications of the published results of two surveys on the impact of COVID-19 on the financial situation of households in the Netherlands (AFM/CPB, NIBUD).

 

Findings: It appears that problems are to be expected in households with uncertain incomes (e.g., flex workers and self-employed), in households with inflexible budgets (with fixed and necessary expenses higher than disposable income), in households that are fragile because of lack of buffers, and in households with a low income for a longer period of time. Some households such as the ones of singles and the young are less able to cope with the financial risks than others. There are lifecycle effects to be noted: the young will have difficulty in finding and keeping jobs, and therefore in making ends meet.

 

Value of research: The analytics and results are of interest and relevant for cross-cultural research in other Western Countries.
FİNANSAL RAPORLAMA STANDARTLARINA UYGUN HESAP PLANI TASLAĞI’NDAKİ ÜRETİM MALİYETİ HESAPLARININ İNCELENMESİ VE TEKDÜZEN HESAP PLANI İLE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: GÖKÇEN Gürbüz , ATAMAN Başak
Published: December 2020

Kamu Gözetimi Muhasebe ve Denetim Standartları Kurulu, 25 Aralık 2018 tarihindeki duyurusu ile bilanço usulüne göre defter tutan teşebbüs ve işletmelerin finansal durumu ve faaliyet sonuçlarını sağlıklı ve güvenilir bir biçimde geçerli finansal raporlama çerçevesine göre izlemesini ve finansal tablolarını geçerli finansal raporlama çerçevesine uygun olarak hazırlamasını sağlayan bir muhasebe sistemi kurmasında esas alabilecekleri Finansal Raporlama Standartlarına Uygun Hesap Planı oluşturmayı amaçlayan taslak hesap planı yayınlamıştır. Bu hesap planı taslağı ile Üretim İşletmelerinin maliyetlerinin izlenmesinde Muhasebe Sistemi Uygulama Genel Tebliği Tekdüzen Hesap Planı’ndaki üretim hesaplarında önemli değişikler yapılmıştır. Çalışmamızda, KGK tarafından oluşturulan Finansal Raporlama Standartlarına Uygun Hesap Planı Taslağı’ndaki Üretim Maliyeti hesapları incelenmiş, Muhasebe Sistemi Uygulama Genel Tebliği’ndeki Tekdüzen Hesap Planı’ndaki Üretim Maliyeti hesapları ile karşılaştırılmış ve uygulamalara yer verilmiştir.
100 ÉVES MAGYARORSZÁGi ELSŐ UROLÓGIAI KLINIKA
Authors: Romics Imre
Published: December 2020

Európa első urológiai egyetemi klinikáját 1920 ban Budapesten alapították. Az első porfesszor és igazgató Illyés Géza volt. 1921 óta az urológia az orvosi fakultásnak egy önálló tantárgya a Pázmány Péter, majd a Semmelweis Egyetemen is.n Illyés világszinten elismert volt, 1939-ig több mint százan jöttek a klinikára az USA-ból és száz látogató volt más országokból is. A II világháboru után a kiváló tanszékvezetőknek és munkatársaknak köszönhetően a mai napig fontos szerepet játszanak a az európai urológiai fejlődésében. A Klinika oktatási, tudományos és klinikai munkájával ma is az európai urológia térképén foglal helyet.
HONEYBEE PRODUCTION SYSTEM, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN SELECTED DISTRICTS OF GEDEO ZONE, SOUTHERN NATION, NATIONALITIES AND PEOPLES REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA
Authors: Gebretsadik Teklu , Negash Dinku
Published: December 2020

The study was carried out in selected districts of Gedeo zones of southern Nation nationality and people’s regional state: such as Wonago, Kochere and DillaZuria/chichu/ districts. The objective of the study was to asses production systems, opportunities and constraints of apiculture farming in Gedeo zones of SNNPRs. Beekeeping is a long-standing practice in the study districts and appears as ancient history of the country as a whole. A cross sectional study, in which 90 households were purposively included and conducted in selected district to assess the current beekeeping practices, production potentials and production constraints. Most (72%) of the beekeepers in the study area have owned only traditional hives and produce honey for home consumption. The beekeeping practice was dominated by male. 

Despite the area have  production constraints, the area opportunities like existence of large sized natural forest and artificial forest, due attention provision from regional, federal and local government and nongovernmental organizations, yearly flowering and variety floral availability, some small scale farmers highly experienced in apiculture farming, market access and high demand of apicultural products at nationally and international level. Therefore, Designing effective honeybee pests and predators controlling methods, Introduction of full package improved beekeeping technologies with adequate practical skill training on all bee keeping trends and queen rearing practices promoting beekeepers important indigenous knowledge, Producing areal major honeybee plants in large scale, Avoiding discarding of bee colonies after honey harvest, Availing the strategies to support farmers with beekeeping business support services, Improving pre- and post-harvest handling of bee products and Improving the utilization of stingless bee’s resources, without damaging the colony is important to make the honey production system in the area more economical, so as to enhance bee products for national and international need.
THE PREVALENCE OF VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY AMONG CHILDREN BETWEEN 6- 9 YEARS OLD, EL FATEH QURAN SCHOOL, OMDURMAN LOCALITY, KHARTOUM STATE, SUDAN
Authors: Abdalla Adam , Said Taha NosybaAwad
Published: December 2020

There is a substantial documentation of prevalence, severity and health consequences of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in preschool-aged children, very few studies have been done to find out the extent of VAD among Quran pupils. This was a cross-sectional descriptive analytical study conducted in Elfateh Quran School, Omdurman locality. The objectives were to measure the prevalence of Xerophthalmia among Quran pupils in El-Fateh city and to relate it with socio demographic factors.

 All students between 6 to 9 years age in ELfatih Quran pupils were considered as target of this study, total coverage was done during the study period from(august to October)2012, and they were 220 students. Data was collected by using a questionnaire and eye examination to all students targeted age group. Data analyzed by using SPSS programs.

The study found that the prevalence of VAD was 19.1%, of which 18.2% among boys which is significantly lowers than 0.9% among girls. The prevalence of night blindness was 7.3%, Bitots spots were 4.1%, corneal xerosis 5% and 2.7% were night blindness ± eye sign.

 The study concluded that the prevalence of VAD among study population was (19.1%).  Institutional caregivers should be made aware of the importance of providing a balanced diet rich in vitamin A. They should also be aware of the signs and symptoms of VAD for early detection of xerophthalmia and hence take measures of early treatments.
Description of the Protective Feature of Oregano Essential Oil Sold as a Commercial Site on Rainbow Trout
Authors: KARATON KUZGUN Nermin , KIRBAG Sevda
Published: December 2020

The essential oil extracted from plants has a shelf-life effect. This study was carried out to determine the difference of natural oregano essential oil, which is considered to be a potential food additive, from commercially available, and its effects on rainbow trout containment by using low amounts of this essential oil.
The changes in rainbow trout samples were analyzed by applying commercially available oregano essential oil at a low rate (RT1: 1% and RT2: 2%), by looking at the following parameters. When the microbial load, sensory properties, pH, TVB, TBA numbers are examined in terms of thyme essential oil application and day relationship, the limit to be consumed in samples with 1% oregano essential oil is (RT1), on average, between the 3rd and the 6th days. It is between the 3rd and 9th days in the samples applied with 2% oregano essential oil (RT2). According to the microbial load results, the rainbow trout sample (RT: control) exceeded the consumable limit on day 6 th and showed the highest value (P <0.05). In addition, it has been proven with the TVB and TBA values that the samples applied with essential oil are of good quality. In a sense, the shelf life is stabilized thanks to the oregano essential oil. The preservative effect was greater as soon as the oregano essential oil concentration was greate.
ÖZ
Bitkilerden çıkarılan uçucu yağın raf ömründe etkisi mevcuttur. Bu çalışma, potansiyel bir gıda katkı maddesi olarak kabul edilen doğal kekik uçucu yağının farklılığını ve bu uçucu yağın düşük miktarları kullanılarak gökkuşağı alabalığı muhafazası üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gökkuşağı alabalığı örneklerindeki değişiklikler, ticari olarak temin edilebilen uçucu kekik yağı düşük bir oranda (RT1:% 1 ve RT2:% 2) uygulanarak aşağıdaki parametrelere bakılarak analiz edilmiştir. Kekik uçucu yağı uygulaması ve muhafaza günlerindeki ilişkisi açısından mikrobiyal yük, kimyasal ve duyusal özellikler incelendiğinde,% 1 kekik uçucu yağı içeren numunelerde tüketilecek sınır ortalama (RT1) 'dir. 3. ve 6. günler. % 2 kekik uçucu yağı (RT2) ile uygulanan örneklerde 3. ile 9. günler arasındadır. Mikrobiyal yük sonuçlarına göre gökkuşağı alabalığı numunesi (RT: kontrol) 6. Günde tüketilebilir sınırını aşarak en yüksek değeri göstermiştir (P <0.05). Ayrıca uçucu yağ uygulanan numunelerin TVB ve TBA değerlerine göre iyi kalitede olduğu ispatlanmıştır. Diğer anlamda kekik esansiyel yağı sayesinde raf ömrünü stabilize etmişir. Kekik esansiyel yağı konsantrasyonunun çok fazla olması durumunda koruyucu etkisi daha büyük olmuştur.
PERCEPTION LEVELS OF CLASS TEACHING STUDENTS ON AIR POLLUTION: EXAMPLE OF AMASYA UNIVERSITY
Authors: ÇOBAN Asım , ZOPOĞLU Kübra
Published: December 2020

Canlıların çeşitli tüketim ve ekonomik etkinlikleri sonucu temiz havanın doğal bileşiminde bulunan ana maddelerin değişmesi, yapısına farklı maddelerin girmesi, havanın bileşimindeki maddelerin yapay yollarla eşik düzeyin üstüne çıkması ya da altına inmesi ile canlı ve cansız yaşama zarar verecek oranda bozulmasına hava kirliliği denilmektedir (Kök, 2018) Tüm canlı varlıkların yaşam alanı olan çevre, her geçen gün kirlenmektedir. Bu durum bugün ve gelecekte başta insan olmak üzere bütün canlılar için tehlike arz edecektir. Özellikle gelişmiş ülkelerde sanayileşme ve kentleşmenin artması durumu daha ciddi bir boyuta taşımıştır. Bir an evvel tedbir alınması gerekmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı hava kirliliği konusunda sınıf öğretmenliği adaylarının algı seviyelerini belirlemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda sınıf öğretmenliği adaylarına ekte verilen anket formu uygulanmıştır. Toplamda 100 katılımcı ile 19.12.2019 tarihinde çalışılmıştır. Katılımcılar Amasya Üniversitesi Sınıf Öğretmenliği öğrencileri arasından belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma için gerçekleştirilen anket sonuçları SPSS Statistics 20 paket programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.
WORKING WITH A COMPREHENSIVE TRANSLATION CONCEPT IN TRANSLATION THEORY: IS IT AN OPENING OPPORTUNITY OR A SOURCE OF UNCERTAINTY?
Authors: AKALIN Rahman
Published: December 2020

Çeviribilim, ‘çeviri’ odaklı düşünsel çabaların birer sonucu olan söylemlerin özellikle 60’lı yıllardan itibaren kuramsal bir zemine oturmaya başlaması ile bağımsız bir araştırma alanına dönüşen alanın adıdır. Bugün, bilimsel bir metodoloji
arayışı ile çok çeşitli açılardan ‘çeviri’yi merkeze alan çalışmalar, ‘çeviribilim araştırmaları’ altında kümelenmekte ya da kategorize edilmektedir. Çevribilimi’i salt ‘uygulamalı bir alan’ olmaktan çıkarıp üzerine düşünce üretilebilen
bir tartışma alanına dönüştüren ise, öncelikle ‘çeviri kuramı’ ile ilgili beklentilerdir. Çeviri’nin doğasını; başka bir anlatımla çeviri gerçekliğini modelleyerek yansıtması beklenen ‘çevirinin kuramı’nın, ilkin ‘çeviri olgusu’nun
tanımını yapması, kendiliğinden anlaşılır bir durumdur. Bu tanım ise, bilimsel işleyiş açısından elbette yürüyen çeviri gerçekliği ile ilgili gözlemlerin ve betimlemelerin varlığını ön koşmakla birlikte soyutlaştırıcı bir tasarımı
gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, geniş kapsamlı bir ‘çeviri tasarımı’nın çeviri odaklı kuramsallaşma açısından olanakları ve sınırları tartışılacak, Almanca-Türkçe dil çiftinde yazınsal çeviri çalışmaları yürüten önemli çevirmenlerden
özellikle Yüksel Pazarkaya ve Ahmet Cemal’in ‘çeviri’ üzerine söylemlerinden hareketle değerlendirmeler yapılacaktır. Bu bağlamda ‘çeviri’ odaklı uygulama alanından yola çıkılarak ‘çeviri’nin kuramsallığına dair çıkarımların yapılması
hedeflenmiştir.
THE ORNAMENTATION ON THE HUBANNAME AND ZENANNAME MANUSCRIPT WITH NO. T5502 IN THE RARE ARTWORKS LIBRARY OF ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY
Authors: Hülya ŞANES DOĞRU Mesude , PALANCİ Çiğdem
Published: December 2020

In XVIIIth century, traditional decorative arts were also affected by the changing art movements. It was seen that compositions with herbal and semi-stylized motifs had begun to be used in the same manuscript with Baroque and Rococo
style designs. As of the XVIIth century, along with miniature artworks in which historical events were depicted with large groups of people, in a group of artworks called clothing albums, ordinary people began to be depicted as
single. The Hubanname and Zenanname manuscript with no.I.Ü. NEK T 5502 whose text written by Enderunlu Fazıl is among the examples that include both classical and new trends at its illumination and using a single figure on its
leaves. The artwork, which consisted of thirty-seven male and thirty-nine female figures living on four continents, had been worked and consisted of two separate sections and collected in one volume. It is a manuscript with colorful
naturalist floral compositions on the title pages in its two sections, and in which herbal, rumi and geometric designs are applied in the Halkari technique at the heading of the chapter. In the scope of this study, the decorative
elements in two separate sections will be discussed with their similarities and differences and compared with the examples of the available periods.
THE USE OF THE TURKISH WORD AND DERIVATIVES IN EVLİYA ÇELEBİ’S TRAVEL-BOOK
Authors: YILDIRIM Ali
Published: December 2020

Evliya Çelebi’nin 17. yüzyıl Osmanlı coğrafyası ve mücavir ülkelere yaptığı yaklaşık elli yıl süren gezilerini kaleme aldığı Seyahatname’si, kültür tarihimiz açısında da çok önemli bir kaynak eserdir. Eserde o döneme ait sadece maddi
unsurlara değil, aynı zamanda pek çok değişik toplumun kültürel özelliklerine dair bilgilere de ulaşmaktayız. Eser sosyolojik, antropolojik, dini, edebi, tarihi, psikolojik, folklorik, filolojik, coğrafi, askeri vb. pek çok yönden
bilgiler içermektedir. Bu bilgiler, sadece bizim toplumumuzla ilgili olmayıp diğer pek çok toplumlarla ilgili de ayrıntılar içermektedir. Bugüne kadar yerli ve yabancı pek çok araştırmacı Evliya Çelebi’nin bu önemli eseri üzerinde
inceleme ve araştırmalar yapmıştır. Eserin çok farklı yönlerden bilgiler içermesi onun en önemli taraflarından birini oluşturmaktadır. Eserinde Evliya Çelebi’nin Türk, Türkmen, Türkçe, Etrâk, Türkân gibi kelimelere sık sık başvurduğu
görülmektedir. Türk kelimesi ve kavramı ile ilgili bugün de değişik görüşler ileri sürülmektedir. Bugünkü görüşlere ve düşüncelere katkı sağlaması bakımından, her ne kadar yakın bir geçmişte de olsa, Evliya Çelebi’nin bu kelimeleri
hangi bağlamlarla kullandığı önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmada bunlar, örneklerle tespit edilip ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.
CHARACTERIZATION STUDIES OF CERAMICS IN PENDIK DUMP RESCUE EXCAVATIONS
Authors: IŞIK İlker
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada T.C. Ulaştırma ve Alt Yapı Bakanlığı tarafından yürütülen Yüksek Hızlı Tren (YHT) projesi üzerinde bulunan Pendik Höyük kurtarma kazısından elde edilen seramiklerin karakterizasyon çalışmaları ele alınmıştır. Bahsi geçen
höyük, ekolojik faktörlerin etkisiyle Neolitik Dönem’den Bizans Dönemi’ne kadar yerleşim görmemiştir. Bu nedenle yapılan bu çalışmada, hem ekolojik duruma hem de kil yapısına bağlı olarak seramik üretiminin değişimi üzerinde arkeolojik
ve spektroskopik açıdan iki aşama halinde multidisipliner çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. İlk etapta deneysel çalışmalar ele alınmış ve basit spot testleri uygulanmıştır. Bu kapsamda klorür, nitrat ve sülfat analizleri ile iletkenlik
ölçümü, protein ve yağ analizleri yapılmıştır. Daha sonra yapıdan alınan örneklerin karakterize edilmesi amacıyla arkeometride sıklıkla kullanılan petrografi analizi uygulanmıştır. Ardından örneklerin kimyasal, mineralojik ve yapısal
özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yukarıda belirtilmiş deneylere ek olarak enstrümantel analiz teknikleri de kullanılmıştır. Örneklerin kil niteliklerinin, bölgesel ve noktasal olarak kimyasal bileşim oranları SEM-EDS analizi
ile mineralojik içeriği XRD analiz ile belirlenmiştir. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmada yer alan seramiklerin yapısı, üretim tekniği gibi niceliksel ve niteliksel tüm özellikleri arkeometrik ve analiz sonuçlarının katkısıyla açığa çıkarılarak
mutlak bilgilere ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır.
THE PLACE OF ATATÜRK AND THE CULTURAL POLICIES OF THE REPUBLICAN PERIOD IN THE FIELD OF FINE ARTS AND THE CONCEPTS OF NATIONALISM / UNIVERSALISM IN THE 20TH CENTURY
Authors: BUÇUKOĞLU Seyit Mehmet
Published: December 2020

Birçok tartışma içinde yer alan Ulusallık/Evrensellik kavramları, ağırlıklı olarak 1960’lı yıllarda çeşitli konu başlıkları altında irdelenerek, farklı gibi görünen ancak odak noktasında aynı sorunsalı barındıran anlamlar içermektedir.
Doğu-Batı, eski-yeni, figüratif-nonfigüratif, soyut-somut gibi karşıtlıklar ile bunları temel alan pek çok görüş, toplum içinde sanatın yerinin sorgulandığı, sanatın bir eğitim aracı olarak işlevi, sanatçıların toplumun gelişimine
yönelik attığı adımlar gibi konularda çoğu zaman tartışma konusu olmuştur. Batı’ya dönük anlayışa paralel olarak evrensel değerlerin yanında, ulusal olmanın rolü de tartışmalara başka bir boyut kazandırmıştır. Ulusallık/Evrensellik,
Türk Sanatı içinde farklı dönemlerde siyasî, kültürel, toplumsal açılardan etkilenerek, farklı boyutlara da taşınmıştır. “Köklere dönüş / gelenek”, “halka inmek / topluma yönelmek” gibi kavramlarla ön planda tutulmaya çalışılan
bu yaklaşımlar, çoğunlukla “kimlik olarak Türklük”, “geleneksellik ve yerellik”, “öze dönme”, “geçmişten beslenme”, “çağdaşlaşma”, “dışa yönelme” gibi çeşitli kavram ve görüşlerle birlikte ele alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda Ulusallık/Evrensellik,
ağırlıklı olarak 1980 yılı ve sonrasında yerini “Küreselleşme” kavramına bırakarak yeni tartışmalara da etki etmiştir.
THE EFFECT OF VILAYETNAME ON THE FORMATION OF CONVENTION OF THE BEKTASHISM CULT
Authors: GÜLERER Salih
Published: December 2020

Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli XIII. yüzyılda yaşamış ve Türk tasavvuf tarihini derinden etkilemiş önemli sûfî şahsiyetlerden birisidir. Bektaşilik, XV. yüzyıldan itibaren müesseseleşerek Türkiye tarihine derin etkileri olan bir tarikattır. Tasavvuf
düşüncesi kendine has bir takım esas ve kaideler geliştirerek tarikatlar şeklinde yapılanması sürecinde uygulanan esas ve kaidelere erkân ya da adap ve erkân gibi adlar verilmektedir. Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli’nin yaşantısını ve kerametlerini
anlatarak onun adının geniş bir alana yayılmasına vesile olan mensur, manzum, mensur-manzûm karışık yazılmış Vilâyetnâme adı verilen eserlerdir. Gerek bu eser gerekse Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli’nin diğer önemli halifeleri adına yazılmış
menâkıbnâme kitapları Bektaşiliğin tarikat olarak müesseseleşme sürecinde tarikat adap ve erkânın oluşmasının en önemli kaynakları arasındadır. Bu çalışmada amaç Manzûm Vilâyetnâme’de geçen erkânı kılık kıyafet, çihâr-ı darb, çile,
seyâhat, cerr ve mücerretlik başlıkları altında tespitini yapmaktır. Çalışmanın modeli nitel araştırma deseninden betimsel tarama yöntemiyle yapılmıştır. Bu yöntem doğrultusunda metnin analizinden Bektaşiliğin adap ve erkânının
Vilâyetnâme kaynaklı olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
ART AND ILLUSTRATION APPLICATIONS AS A CONCEPT IN HOTEL INTERIOR DESIGN
Authors: ÖDEN Hülya YAVUZ
Published: December 2020

Tasarıma başlarken belirli bir kavram ile başlanması tasarımın oluşma sürecini hızlandırmakta ve bu sürecin daha doğru yönetilmesine olanak sağlamaktadır. Mekan tasarımına bir ana fikir ile başlandığında tasarım sürecinde fikirler
karmaşıklaşmadan bir bütüne doğru ilerleme sağlanmaya başlanmaktadır. İç mekân tasarımında mekâna uyarlanabilir fikirler oluşması için somut kavramlardan yola çıkılması daha uygulanabilir sonuçlar sağlamaktadır. Mağaza, konut,
yeme içme mekanları tasarımlarında da uygulandığı gibi daha kompleks yapılar olan otel iç mekânında da bir kavramdan yola çıkılması tasarımın sonuca doğru şekilde ulaşmasına yardımcı olmaktadır. Bu sebeple bu çalışmada iç mekân
tasarımında sıklıkla uygulanan illüstrasyon çalışmalarının otel konsepti olarak uygulanmış örneklerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında yerli ve yabancı konsept otellerin illüstrasyonu tema olarak kullanan örnekleri
yerinde fotoğraflanarak veya elektronik ortamda yapılan araştırmalarla incelenmiş, kavram ve otel iç mekân tasarımı ile ilgili literatür çalışmalarına yer verilmiştir. Sonuç olarak kullanıcıların farklı mekan arayışları ile tema
olarak çizgi karakterler veya illüstratif formlar belirlenebilmektedir. Otel iç mekânın ortak mekanları ve otel odalarında bu illüstrasyon uygulamaları kullanıcının farklı bir atmosferde hissetmesini sağlamaktadır.