bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Institutionalising Islamophobia in Switzerland: The Burqa and Minaret Bans
Authors: Vista Eskandari  , Elisa Banfi
Published: December 2017

This article aims to analyse the legislative processes leading to forbidding the wearing of burqas and the building of minarets in Switzerland by a postcolonial approach. In 2009, a federal popular initiative amended the Swiss constitution by forbidding the construction of minarets across the Helvetic territory. At the same time, several right-wing parties have attempted to pass a general prohibition of the burqa in public spaces since 2006. As a consequence, in 2013, the canton of Tessin has adopted an article prohibiting the face covering in public spaces and, in 2016, a popular initiative for the ban of the burqa in the whole country was launched. Starting from the content analysis of parliamentary debates and legislative documents concerning these bans, hegemonic and Eurocentric narratives excluding Muslims from the national community will be examined. The article also aims at casting a new light on the interlinkages between Swiss direct democracy, populism and Islamophobia. Furthermore, the exploitation of gender aimed at reinforcing Islamophobic narratives will be analysed. In both the minarets and the burqa ban cases, the image of women has played a crucial role in justifying the right-wing discourse on Muslims and Islam in Switzerland. On the one hand, the minarets ban has occupied the Swiss public space by a propaganda poster showing a woman wearing a burqa in front of minarets erected like missiles on top of a Swiss flag. On the other hand, the burqa ban articulated its campaign around the defence of freedom and women's right as Swiss traditional values. By deconstructing political and legislative arguments against burqa and minarets, the article shows how they have encouraged the legitimacy of public Islamophobic discourses and fostered a crystallised and undifferentiated representation of the Muslims' presence in Switzerland.
Predicción política y Twitter: Elecciones generales de España 2015
Authors: Alonso González Marián
Published: December 2017

Este trabajo discute la utilidad y alcance del uso de las redes sociales durante las campañas electorales. Se presentan los resultados de una investigación que analiza el empleo de Twitter por los partidos políticos en las elecciones generales de España del 20 de diciembre de 2015. Para ello se cuantifica la presencia de partidos y candidatos durante el último mes de campaña, y se analiza la cantidad y calidad de sus interacciones. Los resultados indican que los datos extraídos de Twitter son un buen termómetro social pero que aún tiene por delante un importante reto metodológico como herramienta predictiva.
La gestión de la reputación online de las marcas hospitalarias: una propuesta de modelo
Authors: Medina Aguerrebere Pablo
Published: December 2017

El objetivo de este artículo de revisión bibliográfica es analizar el impacto de las redes sociales en la creación de la reputación online de una marca hospitalaria. El artículo propone el modelo PMA de gestión de la reputación online para marcas hospitalarias, y concluye afirmando que la existencia de un equipo multidisciplinar, la proyección de la marca en el largo plazo y la implicación de los profesionales de la salud son aspectos determinantes para que el Director de Comunicación de un hospital pueda crear una marca reputada.
As diretivas antecipadas da vontade e a responsabilidade civil médica
Authors: Feller Nicolle
Published: December 2017

O presente trabalho propõese a discutir a aplicação das diretivas antecipadas da vontade no Brasil, contextualizando-a com a relação médicopaciente e possível responsabilização do profissional. A contemporaneidade do tema manifesta-se, de um lado, pela percepção da atemporalidade da necessidade primordial que os indivíduos têm de recorrer a atividades da área médica, a fim de preservarem, tratarem e potencializarem sua saúde. Noutro giro, a atualidade da questão é reforçada pelo crescente debate, lastreado pela noção de autonomia, acerca do próprio direito humano de morrer dignamente. Assim, por meio de uma análise dos posicionamentos estampados na doutrina, bem como do próprio ordenamento jurídico, objetiva-se delimitar a extensão de aplicabilidade concreta de tais diretivas no âmbito médico. Para tanto, serão apresentadas lições gerais acerca do relacionamento entre pacientes e esculápios; logo após, considerações específicas acerca do direito à vida e à morte e, por fim, aspectos envolvendo as diretivas prévias de vontade, seus requisitos formais e conteúdo, e a responsabilidade médica eventualmente advinda de seu acatamento.
Diferença de tratamento em razão de gênero: Tratamento discriminatório da mulher no crime de aborto
Authors: Fernandes Bruna De Souza
Published: December 2017

Este artigo tem como tema o tratamento discriminatório da mulher no crime de aborto. O objetivo geral é analisar se o texto legal que define o crime de aborto é favorável à implementação do direito à igualdade de gênero para as mulheres. Acerca da metodologia utilizada, cabe destacar que o método foi dedutivo, a pesquisa foi exploratória, bibliográfica e documental, e os dados foram analisados de forma qualitativa. Com a pesquisa, pôde-se observar que a criminalização do aborto não atende ao princípio da igualdade e corrobora com o tratamento discriminatório de gênero. Nesse sentido, foi exposto que os julgamentos da ADPF n. 54 e do HC n. 124.306 pelo STF trouxeram avanço na tratativa do tema, mas há projetos de lei que ameaçam agravar a situação de desigualdade das mulheres.
Ensaio para uma análise dos precedentes judiciais nos conflitos socioambientais, frente à teoria do estado e da constituição
Authors: Marcos Rudson
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo trata da tentativa de aproximação entre os Precedentes Judiciais, voltados, especialmente, para a aplicação em Conflitos Socioambientais, com o modelo de Estado que possa dar respostas satisfató- rias para a Sociedade brasileira, no presente estágio civilizacional. O trabalho foca, principalmente, o momento social contemporâneo, consubstanciadona Sociedade de Risco, vivenciado sob o paradigma do esgotamento dos recursos naturais em seu modo de produção, típico da era industrial. O objetivo principal desta reflexão é fomentar um projeto cultural baseado na valorização da sustentabilidade, em suas dimensões ambientais, econômicas e, principalmente, na dimensão social. Posteriormente à delimitação sintética dos campos disciplinares aplicáveis, a presente investigação destaca a importância dos Precedentes Judiciais na resolução dos Conflitos Socioambientais, como tentativa de efetivação de mecanismo processualmente adequado a respostas emergentes que a Sociedade almeja dos Poderes Constituídos do Estado, em especial do Poder Judiciário.
Arbitragem e método de arbitramento de preço: Uma análise sobre o acórdãoproferido pelo superior tribunal de justiça nos autos do recurso especial N. 1.569.422 - RJ
Authors: Azevedo Ciro Rangel
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo buscar examinar os fundamentos do acórdão proferido pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça nos autos do Recurso Especial n. 1.569.422 – RJ, que apreciou a questão relativa à existência de cláusula compromissória em disposição contratual que delegava a terceiro a atribuição de decidir, em caráter definitivo e vinculante, acerca da fixação do preço de participação acionária no caso de exercício de Opção de Venda.
Constitucionalidade restritiva à liberdade pela lei N. 13.146/2015 na inclusão social escolar, com base na regra da proporcionalidade
Authors: Gomes Rebecka Martins , Gomes Eduardo Teixeira , Sartório Gabriel Ferreira
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo objetiva analisar a constitucionalidade da medida trazida no art. 28, XI, §1º da Lei n. 13.146/2015, que prevê a disponibilização gratuita, pelas instituições privadas, de profissionais capacitados no atendimento a alunos com deficiência auditiva ou da fala. No estudo do conflito entre os direitos fundamentais à liberdade e à igualdade, sobretudo no âmbito da medida analisada, farse-á uma breve observação do Estado brasileiro na condição de Estado Democrático de Direito e da Constituição Federal de 1988 em sua adequação no Neoconstitucionalismo. Sustentar-se-á uma estrutura principiológica para os direitos fundamentais com a apresentação de métodos de soluções de conflitos com base em teorias defensoras de um suporte fático amplo, restrições externas e conteúdo essencial restrito para os mesmos. Por último, averiguase-á a constitucionalidade da medida restritiva por meio das três fases da regra da proporcionalidade (adequação, necessidade e proporcionalidade em sentido estrito), resultando na sobressalência da importância da igualdade em detrimento da liberdade no caso.
Do positivismo jurídico ao pós-positivismo
Authors: Berndt Rafael Espíndola , Júnior Walter Santin
Published: December 2017

O presente trabalho versa sobre a criação das bases para a análise ou construção de uma teoria pós-positivista. Inicialmente se estuda as características nas quais se assenta o positivismo jurídico, a separação do direito da moral, um sistema formado por regras jurídicas e a aposta na discricionariedade judicial. Discorre-se sobre o marco histórico que possibilita o surgimento de teorias pós-positivista, em especial a segunda guerra mundial e a própria mudança da formatação do novo Estado Constitucional de Direito. Finalizase o presente trabalho, demonstrando as críticas teóricas que são tecidas aos paradigmas fundantes do positivismo jurídico a demonstrar as bases nas quais devem estar assentadas as teorias pós-positivistas.
A dignidade da pessoa humana como fator de identificação do bem comum: Objetivo da função social do Estado
Authors: Siegel Frederico Andrade
Published: December 2017

Este artigo tem a pretensão de identificar o Bem Comum que constitui o objetivo da função social do Estado. O Estado, independente de sua nomenclatura, se caracteriza por sua função social (ou ausência dela). Estados caracterizados pela função social retiraram sua legitimidade do afinamento de suas ações com a função social. Daí resulta a necessidade de identificar o Bem Comum, que constitui objetivo da função social.
Breves considerações acerca da participação de crianças e adolescentes em procedimentos judiciais
Authors: Júnior Enio Gentil Vieira
Published: December 2017

Trata o presente artigo da produção legislativa e judicial relativa à garantia de participação de crianças e adolescentes em procedimentos que digam respeito aos seus interesses, considerando o paradigma aparentemente estatuído ao final da década de 1980 em que, teoricamente, promoveu os indivíduos antes considerados objeto de intervenção do mundo adulto à condição de sujeitos de direito. Observa-se que há pouca evolução neste sentido, aparentemente por ainda se pautarem as decisões por uma certa retórica tutelar. No entanto, observa-se que já há alguns mecanismos presentes na própria legislação que permitiram a discussão acerca da efetiva participação de crianças e adolescentes como protagonistas de processos judiciais.
COMPARISON OF METHODS USED FOR SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES
Authors: Čada Petr , Máca Jiří
Published: December 2017

This paper investigates effects of the seismic load to a structure. The article describes main methods of the definition and practical application of the seismic load based on the Standard Eurocode 8. There was made a comparison of all methods using the same structure. A simple two-storeyed concrete 2D-frame with fixed joints was chosen. A one another model with rigid beams for some calculations was defined. The second model can be used for hand-calculations as a cantilever with two masses. The paper describes main dynamic properties of the chosen structure. Seismic load was defined by lateral force method, modal response spectrum, non-linear time-history analysis and pushover analysis. The time-history analysis is represented by accelerograms. There were made linear and non-linear calculations.
SOLID BURNT BRICKS’ TENSILE STRENGTH
Authors: Maroušková Aneta , Kubát Jan
Published: December 2017

This paper deals with experimental testing of solid burnt bricks and mortar in pure (axial) tension. The obtained working diagrams will be further use for a detailed numerical analysis of whole brick masonry column under concentric compressive load. Failure mechanism of compressed brick masonry column is characterized by the appearance and development of vertical tensile cracks in masonry units (bricks) passing in the direction of principal stresses and is accompanied by progressive growth of horizontal deformations. These cracks are caused by contraction and interaction between two materials with different mechanical characteristics (brick and mortar). The aim of this paper is more precisely describe the response of quasi-brittle materials to uniaxial loading in tension (for now only the results from three point bending test are available). For these reasons, bricks and mortar tensile behavior is experimentally tested and the obtained results are discussed.
COMPARISON OF FAILURE CRITERIA FOR WOOD IN TENSILE-SHEAR STRESS STATE
Authors: Šmídová Eliška , Kabele Petr
Published: December 2017

An orthotropic failure criterion enhancing the Lourenco's criterion by a shear strength multiplier and a maximum shear strength upper bound has been recently proposed and validated for timber under tensile and shear loading by the authors. The paper discusses its applicability for predicting strength in comparison with Tsai-Hill criterion, Hankinson's and Hyperbolic formula applying the two above mentioned enhancements of the Lourenco's criterion. Experimental data available in the literature for off-axis tensile and shear test of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis Carr.), Katsura (Cercidiphyllurn japonicurn Sieb. and Zucc.), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), Douglas fir laminated veneer and Cupiúba (Goupia glabra) are used for the purpose of this study.
OPTIMIZATION-BASED APPROACH TO TILING OF FINITE AREAS WITH ARBITRARY SETS OF WANG TILES
Authors: Tyburec Marek , Zeman Jan
Published: December 2017

Wang tiles proved to be a convenient tool for the design of aperiodic tilings in computer graphics and in materials engineering. While there are several algorithms for generation of finite-sized tilings, they exploit the specific structure of individual tile sets, which prevents their general usage. In this contribution, we reformulate the NP-complete tiling generation problem as a binary linear program, together with its linear and semidefinite relaxations suitable for the branch and bound method. Finally, we assess the performance of the established formulations on generations of several aperiodic tilings reported in the literature, and conclude that the linear relaxation is better suited for the problem.
THE OCCURRENCE OF SYNCHRONIZED JUMPING CROWD AT SPORTS STADIUMS
Authors: Verner Martin
Published: December 2017

Since the age of the Rome Empire, people have been going for fun at the stadiums. Today, important reasons for visiting the stadium are sport games or cultural performances. The text is about occurrence of specific types of behaviour during sport games. The experiment was realized at four different sports stadiums and during three kinds of sports. The worst case of loads for the grandstand is the synchronized jumping of a crowd. This is type of behaviour, which can cause over limit vibration, visitors discomfort on the tribune, in the extreme case collapse of the grandstand. In any country today, the standards or references or math models are not for application of dynamic load to grandstand. Only the British standards are making recommendation how the designer should work with dynamic loads.
WANG TILES LOCAL TILINGS CREATED BY MERGING EDGE-COMPATIBLE FINITE ELEMENT MESHES
Authors: Zrůbek Lukáš , Kučerová Anna , Doškář Martin
Published: December 2017

In this contribution, we present the concept of Wang Tiles as a surrogate of the periodic unit cell method (PUC) for modelling of materials with heterogeneous microstructures and for synthesis of micro-mechanical fields. The concept is based on a set of specifically designed cells that compresses the stochastic microstructure into a small set of statistical volume elements – tiles. Tiles are placed side by side according to matching edges like in a game of domino. Opposite to the repeating pattern of PUC the Wang Tiles method with the stochastic tiling algorithm preserves the randomness for reconstructed microstructures. The same process is applied to obtain the micro-mechanical response of domains where the evaluation as one piece would be time consuming. Therefore the micro-mechanical quantities are evaluated only on tiles (with surrounding layers of tiles of each addressed tile included into the evaluation) and then synthesized to the micro-mechanical field of whole domain.
Retrospective Photogrammetry in Greek Archaeology
Authors: Wallace Colin Allan Bruce
Published: December 2017

This paper addresses the advantages as well as the obstacles in practicing photogrammetry based on archival photos of archaeological sites and examines how the results can be put to use for further research, preservation, restoration and monitoring rates of deterioration. While the extensive use of historic aerial photographs has been applied to photogrammetric modeling, archaeological excavation archives have been largely ignored. Historically archaeological excavations have been vigorously documented photographically and many of these photographs are available in archives. Not all photo archives are suitable for photogrammetry as they were not photographed with the intention of overlap and other photogrammetric qualities. By selectively choosing photographs with common points and manipulating exposures, cropping and other properties to enhance commonality, 3D models of past structures and excavations can allow us to revisit them, produce accurate measurements and view angles that were never photographed. Some sites are still available for modern comparison and surveying, allowing us to quantitatively compare conditions at the time of excavation with the current state of those sites. Given the right treatment, retrospective photogrammetry will have impacts in the preservation, restoration and monitoring of the deterioration of archaeological sites. Examples from the Athenian Agora: the state prison and Omega House, and Ancient Corinth: the Fountain of the Lamps, will be used to demonstrate these possibilities.
3D GIS for building archeology – Combining old and new data in a three-dimensional information system in the case study of Lund Cathedral
Authors: Polig Martina
Published: December 2017

Traditionally, building archeology is conducted by creating and interpreting 2D documentation, even though the spatial properties of a building are not fully expressed in 2D. The reason for neglecting the third dimension has been mostly due to technical limitations in data acquisition and creation, as well as visualization. The fast progress in 3D technology puts an end to those limitations even though its full potential is still yet to be explored.This study shows how a 3D GIS can be applied from the outset of a building archaeological study to create a three-dimensional information system connected to a geometrically accurate 3D model of a structure.The case study investigates Lund Cathedral (Sweden) and is linked to a larger research project launched in occasion of the cathedral’s 900th anniversary in 2023 (“Lund Cathedral 2023”). Within the framework of this project, the cathedral was acquired digitally through laser scanning and photogrammetry. The building is characterized by a complex building history with a multitude of changes and renovations. Gaining an understanding of all interventions, as well as managing the different types of datasets created during two centuries of study is a challenge.In order to overcome these difficulties, various datasets (from excavations, wall analyses, georadar, etc.) and their relevant metadata were imported into the ArcGIS software and linked to a geometrically accurate 3D model of the church, placing all pieces of information in their correct spatial position. Thus, data that was previously impossible to view simultaneously and in the same space can be displayed together, creating a unique holistic oversight of the available material. Through the flexibility and versatility of the system, information can be displayed and queried at will, as well as updated continuously, greatly facilitating interpretation and making it an important resource throughout the entire building archaeological study
New Technologies in the Preservation of Cultural Artifacts with Spatial, Temporal, Corporeal, Kinetic Dimensions: Artifacts in the Trinidad Carnival
Authors: Noel Vernelle A. A
Published: December 2017

Cultural artifacts with spatial, temporal, corporeal, and kinetic dimensions are difficult to describe, display, and interact when it comes to their preservation and exhibition. These artifacts - which I call STiCK artifacts - are large three-dimensional sculptures or structures that occupy physical space, last for a short period of time, and are performed by the human body. The purpose of this paper is to highlight some of the challenges associated with these artifacts and propose three solutions to them. Using four STiCK artifacts in the Trinidad Carnival as a case study, I illustrate how we might develop new ways of describing, representing, and interacting with STiCK artifacts for the preservation using: (1) parametric modelling, (2) augmented reality technology, and (3) embodied computer interaction. By analyzing, translating, parametrizing, and modeling existing textual and visual documentation describing the artifacts I address these problems with new technologies. Findings include the development of new ways of describing these artifacts for heritage and preservation; its ability to allow users to engage in embodied interaction through, and with these artifacts; and its ability to teach users how to design and how to perform the artifacts.
Virtual Research Environment for digital 3D reconstructions – Standards, thresholds and prospects
Authors: Kuroczynski Piotr
Published: December 2017

Since the 1990s the application of the digital 3D reconstruction and computer-based visualisation of culturalheritage increased. The virtual reconstruction and 3D visualisation revealed a new “glittering” research space forobject-oriented disciplines such as archaeology, art history and architecture. Nevertheless the academicsconcerned with the uprising technology recognised early the lack of documentation standards in the 3Dprojects leading to the loss of information, findings and the fusion of knowledge behind the digital 3Drepresentation. Based on the methodological fundamentals of the digital 3D reconstruction the potentials andchallenges in the light of emerging Semantic Web and Web3D technologies will be introduced. The presentationsubscribes a scientific methodology and a collaborative web-based research environment followed by crucialfeatures for this kind of projects. As the groundwork a human- and machine-readable “language of objects” andthe implementation of this semantic patterns for spatial research purposes on destroyed and/or never realisedtangible cultural heritage will be discussed. Using examples from the practice the presentation explains therequirements of the Semantic Web (Linked Data), the role of controlled vocabularies, the architecture of the VREand the impact of a customised integration of interactive 3D models within the WebGL technology. Thepresentation intends to showcase the state-of-the-art on the way to a digital research infrastructure. The focuslies on the introduction of scholarly approved and sustainable digital 3D reconstruction, complaint withrecognised documentation standards and following the Linked Data requirements.
Digital Method for Verifying Archaeological Hypotheses. Medieval Gord Under Pułtusk Castle
Authors: Kowal Slawomir , Koszewski Krzysztof , Słyk Jan , Wrona Stefan
Published: December 2017

This paper describes the process of collaboration between architects and archaeologists started in 2012 on the virtual reconstruction of the medieval proto-urban site in Pultusk, Poland. The result was digital reconstruction of urban structure based on parametric methods supported by 3D printing. The paper summarizes the process consisting of organizing analog data, digitizing it, enriching with experts’ knowledge and creating procedural model of the settlement. The whole process ended with not only digital and physical, 3D printed model, but also a set of conclusions confirming usefulness of such methods in scientific research concerning interpretation of archaeological relicts in situation, when not all information is available and clear. Both archaeological practice and the process of architectural reconstruction confirm that reliability of scientific research and the regime of logical reasoning are independent from used technology, however they may be effectively supported by new methods and tools.
High precision laser scanning assisting in the service of historical and art historical research. The burial monument of Queen Gertrude (13th century)
Authors: Szabó Beatrix , Laszlovszky József , Fehér András , Bödő Gábor , Dabrónaki Gyula , Hadzijanisz Konsztantinosz , Lovas Réka , Pipis László , Surina Dóra , Vári Barnabás
Published: December 2017

One of the most important and controversial burial sites of medieval Hungary is the grave of Queen Gertrude of Meran with its decorated burial monument at the Cistercian Abbey of Pilis. The circumstances of the assassination of the queen is a highly debated event in Hungarian history described in a large number of local and foreign contemporary documents. Archaeological excavations have revealed the fragments of her burial monument with high artistic qualities (human figures, architectural elements, inscriptions, decorated patterns). Over the last three decades, art historical research has discussed the foreign artistic influences of the monument and proposed several reconstructions based on the drawings and photos of the excavated fragments. A full-size sculpted model has also been created on the basis of one of these hypothetical reconstructions.This paper will present the results of a new research project to create the first virtual reconstruction of the burial monument. The fragments of the monument and its previously sculpted physical model were captured by a terrestrial laser scanner and an optical 3D scanner, and consequently, point clouds and meshes were created. Using high-resolution data in CAD environment, a 3D virtual reconstruction model was built showing a possible form of the burial monument. In order to offer a new virtual reconstruction for different research approaches (art historical studies, archaeological interpretations and comparative studies with other monuments) a complex method was required to handle the huge amount of digital data. A database was built from the scanned fragments enabling to manage them easily. High precision 3D models of the fragments allowed to capture their precise geometry and perform the metrical analysis of the fragments, which may provide a basis for alternative reconstruction attempts. By using 3D technology, the results and conclusions derived from the fragments have been made more accessible than through traditional methods. Thus, scholars can use spectacular 3D visualizations in their research and examine many properties of the artifacts. The results are also available for a wider audience, as it has been demonstrated in an exhibition to commemorate the 800th anniversary of the death of Queen Gertrude. The paper demonstrates some of the advantages that 3D technology provides for scholarly research over conventional methods and introduces a method for integrated archaeological, historical and art historical examinations using state of the art technologies.
Size Composition of Fish By-Catch Species from Industrial Shrimp Trawl Fishery in Nigerian Coastal Waters
Authors: Taiwo I O , Olopade O A
Published: December 2017

Fish species composition of by-catch in the industrial shrimp trawl fishery in Nigeria was investigated with the Sciaenidae family being the most prevalent by-catch fish species. In order of prevalence Pseudolithus elongatus with a mean weight and length of 15.28g and 86.39mm, respectively and Pseudolithus typus (n= 102) having an average weight of 18.76g and mean length of 88.01mm. Other fish by-catch species include Pseudolithus senegalensis (n= 99, mean weigh = 15.49g, mean length= 88.60mm); Galeoides decadactylus (n= 59, mean weight= 15.26g, mean length= 87.66mm); Pteroscion peli (n= 48, mean weight= 16.05g, mean length = 88.23mm); Drepane africana (n= 33, mean weight= 13.29g, mean length= 45.73mm) and Cynoglossus senegalensis (n= 11, mean weight= 21.78g, mean length = 86.45mm). Despite the small number of Cynoglossus senegalensis, it had the highest weight contribution to the by-catch. Significant (P<0.01) relationship exists between weight and length of fish species. The adjusted R2 of the parameters indicated that 19.4% of the weight gained is accounted for by increase in length of Pseudolithus elongatus; 1.7% in Pseudolithus typus; 31.7% in Pseudolithus senegalensis; 13.7% in Galeoides decadactylus; 7.8% in Pteroscion peli; 57.4% in Drepane Africana; and 48.9% in Cynoglossus senegalensis. The by-catch associated with shrimp trawls should be properly monitored and controlled to reduce the quantity of non-target fish species in their catch. Also, the use of diamond-shaped 44mm mesh size for shrimp should be encouraged or made mandatory for fishers to reduce fish by-catch. Keywords: Shrimp, by-catch, fishery, weight
Bioecology of Sargassum sp. and its Extract Bioactivity as Anti-MDR Bacteria
Authors: Pramesti Rini , Setyati Wilis Ari , Zainuddin Muhammad , Puspita Maya
Published: December 2017

This study was done to investigate the bioecology and extract bioactivity of Sargassum sp from Jepara district. Seaweed was collected from Teluk Awur, Panjang Island, Bandengan, Ujung Piring and Bondo. There were seven species of Sargassum identified i.e. S. duplicatum, S. polycystum, S. echinocarpum, S. cinerium, S. crassifolium, S. plagyophillum and S. binderi. Community structure indices were calculated based on data collected by survey. Antibacterial activity of Sargassum extract was done on MDR bacteria. The results showed that diversity index at Panjang Island, Bandengan, and Ujung Piring were categorized as medium, while Teluk Awur and Bondo were categorized as low. Evenness index was high at Teluk Awur, Panjang Island, Bandengan and Ujung Piring and Bondo was low. There was no dominant species found in most of the locations. The principal component analysis exhibited the main variable that affected the Sargassum at Teluk Awur was phosphate, Panjang Island was depth, Ujung Piring was salinity and Bondo was temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH, respectively. There was character similarity between Panjang Island and Bandengan (99.73%), meanwhile, at Teluk Awur, Ujung Piring, and Bondo, the similarity was 99.62%, 99.60%, and 99.52%, respectively. Antibacterial activity of Sargassum sp. demonstrated a positive activity against the MDR bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (6.28±0.04 mm), Escherichia coli (6.96±0.19 mm), and S. epidermidis (12.65±0.23 mm). Clustering analysis of extracts with bactericidal characteristic found three classes with similarity of class 1, 2 and 3 at 72.33%, 76.80% and 58.50%, respectively. Sargassum sp. was categorized in class 1 had the best antibacterial activity and the highest abundance value. Keywords: ecology, community, Sargassum sp., extracts, antibacterial
Incomplete split-block designs constructed by affine α-resolvable designs
Authors: Ozawa Kazuhiro , Kuriki Shinji , Mejza Stanisław
Published: December 2017

We construct an incomplete split-block design (ISBD) by the semi- Kronecker product of two affine α-resolvable designs for row and column treatments. We characterize such ISBDs with respect to the general balance property and we give the stratum efficiency factors for the ISBDs.
Platonische Ideen als hybride Gegenstände
Authors: Lienemann Béatrice
Published: December 2017

Aristotle famously criticizes Plato for confusing in his conceptions of immutable, atemporal and paradigmatic Forms things of two completely different ontological types, i. e. universals and particulars. My aim, in this text, is to reveal the Platonic background of this Aristotelian criticism. Although I generally agree with Aristotle’s diagnosis of the hybrid character of Platonic Forms, I will show that it is important to distinguish between real difficulties of Plato’s conception of Forms and alleged shortcomings that might permit, nonetheless, a plausible interpretation. I start from a brief description of three essential functions which can only be adequately fulfilled by Forms according to Plato. Then, I determine the ontological status of Forms, firstly, as kinds of abstract objects (comparable to Fregean concepts), and, secondly, as paradigmatic particulars. In conclusion, I agree with Aristotle on the hybrid character of Forms, but I am less pessimistic with regard to the unintelligibility of the two different natures of Forms individually.
Platons letzte Prinzipien
Authors: Eckl Andreas
Published: December 2017

Plato’s claims concerning the last principles of philosophy differ in theRepublicand theSophist. At first sight, the claim of the idea of good and the claim of the system of the „most important concepts“ (megista genê) seem to be compatible if we insinuate a division of Platonic philosophy into a practical and a theoretical sphere. Yet, this hypothesis cannot be maintained, because theoretical and practical sphere interfere with one another. Through analysis of the significant parts of the dialogues it becomes clear that the theory of the „most important concepts“ is formed by practical thinking, i. e. by the assumption of a force (dynamis) inherent in basic concepts that effects conceptional determining and being determined. The idea of the good on the other hand is both the dynamic foundation of science as well as being the object of science itself. A resolution of the problem of the colliding claims is nevertheless possible based on an analysis of the dialectical inquiry of theSophistes. The two parts of this dialectical inquiry account for and give reasons: (1) for putting the ideas and basic concepts into an absolute position, and thereby also the idea of good; and (2) for putting the basic concepts into a system of self-legitimating relations of basic concepts determinating one another. The key of this account for both claims is a differentiation of the perspectives according to the differentiation of the two parts of the dialectical inquiry.
Optimizing enrollment in pediatric obese patients: reflections on recruitment characteristics
Authors: Tak Casey R. , Yu Tian , Sherwin Catherine M.T. , Mihalopoulos Nicole L.
Published: December 2017

Clinical research involving children and adolescents with obesity is challenging due to recruitment, transportation barriers, parents/guardians working multiple jobs and the need to coordinate the schedule of the participant and the parent/guardian. We describe recruitment efforts and successes for a longitudinal observational study of adolescents with obesity.
A Re-Examination of Multistage Economies in Hog Farming
Authors: Parcel Joshua D. , Schroeter John R. , Azzam Azzeddine M
Published: December 2017

Current trends in the structure of hog production in the U.S. are toward facilities that are not only larger, but also more likely to be specialized, carrying out only some of the vertically linked phases of production in the same facility. This paper investigates the cost efficiency incentives for these changes by estimating a multistage cost function for hog production. Data are from the Hog Production Practices and Costs portion of the USDA’s 2004 Agricultural Resource Management Survey.
The Building and Renovation History of Vilnius and Kaunas Churches: Dendrochronological Dating and Historical Sources
Authors: Surdokaitė-Vitienė Gabija , Vitas Adomas
Published: December 2017

We present the application of dendrochronological dating of the renovation and construction works of churches in the Kaunas and Vilnius regions of Lithuania. The model for the estimation of the missing rings of Scots pine was used in Lithuania for the first time. We have assessed 18 timber cross-sections from nine churches, which were used for the constructions from the second half of the 17th to 19th c. The oldest wood samples were dated from St. Michael’s Church in Vilnius (1668±4) and St. George, the Martyr, (Bernardine) Church in Kaunas (1693±3). The aim of this study was to compare the results of the investigation of timber samples from 9 churches with archival sources and literature data and to reveal the renovation history of the buildings. The study of written historical sources has revealed a lack of recorded building and reconstruction phases of the churches. This fact was later confirmed by the results of dendrochronological dating. The dating of the timber revealed undocumented reconstruction dates in Zapyškis church (1791±3), St. George, the Martyr, (Bernardine) Church in Kaunas (1711±4), St. Anne Church in Skaruliai (1693±3) and Vilnius Cathedral (1814±4).
Dislocation: The Conflict of Photographic and Cinematographic Representations of War in Soviet Lithuania
Authors: Narušytė Agnė
Published: December 2017

The Cold War that shaped the societies of late modernity had penetrated everyday life with constant messages about the nuclear threat and demonstrations of military power. On the one hand, Soviet republics such as Lithuania were occupied by the enemy of Western democracies, and the nuclear threat would apply to their territory as well. On the other hand, many people secretly sided with the West. But information about the world behind the Iron Curtain was filtered ideologically. Images of Vietnam War and civil unrest in Western countries were broadcasted by the state controlled media as a counterpoint to the orderly and optimistic Soviet life idealised in chronicles and photographs. This positive image was shown to rest on the victory of the Great Patriotic War as well as October Revolution. Those events were represented by iconic monuments in the public space as well as by memorialization rituals taking place every half-year. Their visual documentation was an important part of Soviet culture. Photo journalists like Ilja Fišeris were assigned to record the parades of May the 1st, the 9th and November the 7th. Art photographers treated such images as a tribute to authorities exchanged for a measure of artistic freedom. But in the 1980s, the memorialization rituals, the monuments and other ideological signs became the focus of “rogue” art photographers and cinematographers: Artūras Barysas-Baras, Vytautas Balčytis, Vitas Luckus, Alfonsas Maldutis, Algirdas Šeškus, Remigijus Pačėsa and Gintaras Zinkevičius. Their ironic and reflective images worked as dislocating counter-memorials against the stale reconstructions of the past. Referring to theories of Svetlana Boym, Verónica Tello and Ariella Azoulay, the paper discusses the complicated relationships between the different memorializations of war, including the absence of the Holocaust in collective memory.
Hydrothermal synthesis and crystal structure of poly[aqua-(μ2-1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane-κ2
N:N′)-(μ2-1,4,5,6,7,7-hexachlorobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylato-κ2
O:O′)manganese(II) hydrate, C22H20Cl6N2O6Mn
Authors: Gui-Lian Li , Jia Shen , Yu-Ying He
Published: December 2017

C22H20Cl6N2O6Mn, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 12.0080(7) Å, b = 14.9289(8) Å, c = 15.2997(8) Å, β = 103.590(2)°, V = 2665.9(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0428, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1147, T = 296 K.
Gomphonema Vibrio Var. Subcapitatum (Bacillariophyceae), New for Poland
Authors: Eliasz-Kowalska Monika
Published: December 2017

Gomphonema vibrio var. subcapitatum (A. Mayer) J. H. Lee, hitherto unknown in Poland, is reported here from six lakes in the northeastern part of the country. This diatom prefers alkaline waters of medium conductivity and low nitrate and chlorine concentrations. The taxon is documented by SEM images and LM micrographs, and its morphological variability and distribution are briefly discussed.
„Il linguaggio tra natura e storia“ – sprachtheoretische und sprachphilosophische Reflexionen Tullio De Mauros im Spannungsfeld von europäischer Tradition und angloamerikanischem Sprachdiskurs
Authors: Becker Martin
Published: December 2017

This article analyses Tullio DeMauro’s linguistic thought and highlights the originality of his contribution to the current linguistic debate, which revolves around two essential questions: 1.What is special about the human language (faculty)?, and 2. Why and how did it arise in the selectional process of evolution? De Mauro’s approach to language between the poles of “nature” and “history” is contrasted with the basic tenets and ideas of two main paradigms of the contemporary Anglo-American linguistic discourse, namely Noam Chomsky’s generative approach (in its minimalist version) and Ray Jackendoff’s theory of the Tripartite Parallel Architecture of language. In this way, the peculiarities and the special value of De Mauro’s approach come to the fore, combining and synthesizing the European tradition of linguistic thought, especially with its strong semiotic imprint, and modern “naturalist” linguistic theory.
Flaubert, L’Éducation sentimentale – Balzac, Le Père Goriot. Zur Transformation des Bildungsromans bei den französischen Realisten
Authors: Küpper Joachim
Published: December 2017

The genre of Bildungsroman is an ‘invention’ of 19th century German literature, based on specific concepts of ‘aesthetic education’ (ästhetische Erziehung) and on Hegelian dialectics. For reasons to be scrutinized, the pattern was received in cultural contexts with a very different philosophical tradition, as in France. Its two main manifestations are the world-famous novels by Balzac and Flaubert mentioned in this paper’s title. The article will briefly discuss the relation of the French texts to the German prototype, and then proceed to elaborating on the radically different answers to the question of making sense of life they convey.
Operación Academia. Algunos datos desconocidos sobre la entrada de Camilo José Cela en la RAE
Authors: Blanco Emilio
Published: December 2017

Camilo Jose Cela always wanted to present his election as an academician of the RAE, in 1957, as a simple process, as the natural consequence of his literary talent. However, the convergence of the epistolary information which he himself deposited in his Foundation with other data provided by the press of the time allows us to reconstruct a whole long process in some detail, and that points to the fact that the onewhowould later receive the Nobel Prize was about to throw in the towel on some occasion, to finally convert the ceremony into a social event that likened him more to a famous bullfighter or a famous actor than to a novelist.
»Ueber die Entwicklung unsrer Geisteskräfte«
Authors: Mulsow Martin
Published: December 2017

This article presents a heretofore unknown and anonymous handwritten essay, found in the ›Schwedenksite‹, the papers of the Central German Illuminati, with commentary by Karl Leonhard Reinhold. The essay - probably written in 1786 - offers a materialistic developmental psychology, according to which the sensations are physical, not mental, and pleasure triggers the development of the drives before it is restricted by the drive of conservation. It further posits that there is an instinct for ›freedom of thought‹, which promotes an everincreasing awareness of one’s own instinctual structure and thus a greater independence from it. Moral behaviour is also understood as a conscious agreement with the laws of nature and as a reciprocal co-operation for greater ›freedom of thought‹. Although the author of the essay is not known, he may have applied for admission to the Illuminati with this essay. He could be from the circle of the philanthropic movement, which connected a sensualist philosophy with educational ideals.
Die Biedermeierzeit als verfallenes Forschungsmonument?
Authors: Venzl Tilman , Zimmermann Yvonne
Published: December 2017

This article examines how older research on Biedermeier is evaluated in current discourse, taking as its focus the example of recent studies on Annette von Droste-Hulshoff. One can observe a refusal of earlier knowledge claims, those that are most notably linked to the literary scholar Friedrich Sengle, which can be ascribed to various overlapping motives. Besides the criticism of specific research results, a rejection of Sengle himself can be seen, which is most likely a consequence of his personal, academic, and political actions during the Nazi era and in West Germany. However, Sengle’s works nevertheless continue to offer promising insights for current research, as is exemplified in an examination of Droste-Hulshoff’s author’s poetics. Ultimately, the article argues for a differentiated evaluation, i. e. one that is based on the history of German literary studies, older research on Biedermeier in general, and Sengles Biedermeier Period (Biedermeierzeit) in particular.
Zum Sprachwandel und zur Interaktion von Sprachsystemen
Authors: Braunmüller Kurt
Published: December 2017

: In diesem Beitrag geht es um drei zentrale Bereiche, die beim Sprachwandel und der dabei ablaufenden Interaktion von Sprachsystemen eine Rolle spielen, namlich die multilektale Kompetenz von Sprechern, die nicht auf den ersten Blick als solche erkennbare Mehrsprachigkeit sowie den Zweitsprachenerwerb nach der sog. kritischen Phase (ab ca. 5 Jahren). Das Modell von Fr. Grosjean bildet den theoretischen Rahmen zu diesen Ausfuhrungen. Es wird u.a. angesprochen, dass es bei den meisten Zweisprachigen eine starkere und eine schwachere Sprache gibt, und zwar in Abhangigkeit von deren Gebrauch und den in ihnen verwendeten Domanen. Des Weiteren spielt die Einsicht in die sprachliche Redundanz eine nicht zu gering zu veranschlagende Rolle, wenn es um Vermeidungs- und Parallelisierungsstrategien zur dominanten Sprache geht. Diese fuhren letzten Endes zu Vereinfachungen der beteiligten Sprachsysteme ebenso wie der (nicht-native) Zweitsprachenerwerb. Gerade letzterer ist oftmals als entscheidend dafur anzusehen, wenn Sprachsysteme sich im Laufe der Zeit andern. Am Ende des Beitrags steht eine ausfuhrliche Wurdigung der Entstehung des norwegischen Bokmal aus der danischen Schriftsprache, wobei Vereinfachungen im Sinne des nicht-muttersprachlichen Erwerbs dieser Sprache sowie die verdeckte Mehrsprachigkeit (Durchscheinen der ortlichen Mundart) eine zentrale Rolle spielen.
A turn of the century courtship
Authors: Litty Samantha
Published: December 2017

Drawing data from written sources from the late-19th to early 20th century, I show several patterns of variation among obstruents, focusing mainly on final obstruent neutralization, a German phenomenon that is characteristic of the English spoken in Wisconsin by newly arrived German immigrants to the Upper Midwest (specifically Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan). Examples were gathered from the writings of these immigrants. I supplement the English data with samples from German authors in the same community and include sociolinguistic data where possible. This paper extends modern sociophonetic work into the past with data from both German and English.