bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Learning and Correlative Assessment of Differential Usage Patterns for Students with-or-without Learning Disabilities via Learning Analytics
Authors: Modak Masooda M. , Gharpure Prachi , M Sasikumar
Published: November 2023

Learning Disabilities (LD) can be categorized into logical, analytical, grammatical, vocabulary, sequential, and inference disabilities. Analysis of such disabilities assists students to identify and strengthen their weak areas. A wide variety of analysis models is proposed by researchers to perform such tasks, but most of these models are highly complex and cannot be scaled for multimodal parameter sets. To overcome these issues, this text proposes a model for correlative assessment of differential usage patterns in students with-or-without learning disabilities via multimodal analysis. The proposed model initially collects real-time inference sets for students with Learning Disabilities (LD) and without LDs. These sets consist of question-specific recorded responses for “Addition,” “Carry Propagation,” “Basic to Advanced Grammar,” “Direct, Inference and Vocabulary Comprehension,” “Finding odd-man-out,” “Sequencing,” and “Pseudo and Sight Spelling” for different question sets. Answers to these questions and their metadata were processed via a correlative engine that assisted in evaluation of correctness, time needed per question per category, number of skips, number of revisits, and unanswered ratio for different students. This evaluation was combined with temporal analysis to identify per-category progress of students. Based on this progress, students were either upgraded to next level or given lower-level questions, which assisted them to incrementally improve their grades. The model proved that the performance of LD students is 55% less than the non-LD students and an average of 18 LD students have achieved an average of 33% of improvement after having multiple attempts of the adaptive lessons. The model uses a correlation function, which enables to identify answering patterns of LD and non-LD students with 98.4% accuracy, thus can be used for clinical scenarios.
Gate-All-Around Nanowire TFET with Heterojunction and Core Insulator: Design and Analysis
Authors: Singh Sadhana , Chaudhary Tarun
Published: November 2023

This article develops and compares a novel heterojunction gate-all-around nanowire TFET (SiGe-CI-GAA-NWTFET) with core insulator to conventional silicon gate-all-around nanowire TFET (Si-GAA-NWTFET) and heterojunction gate-all-around nanowire TFET (SiGe-GAA-NWTFET) without core insulator. Three of the devices are investigated for performance in both DC and RF/Analog. The proposed device produces greater ON-current, lower OFF-current, and steeper characteristics. Thus making it suitable for high-switching circuits. Due to the strong transconductance of the device, simulated RF analysis findings such as cut-off frequency, and GBP, confirm its applicability for RF applications also.
Model-Based XPS Technique for Characterization of Surface Composition on Nano-Scale SiCOH Sidewalls
Authors: Vatsal Abhishek , Rudolph Matthias , Oehler Sebastian , Brackmann Varvara , Bartha Johann Wolfgang
Published: November 2023

The objective of this study is to develop an in-line metrology technique that employs X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy to measure photoelectron intensity from patterned trench surfaces of low-k dielectric film. A mathematical model uses linear regression method to separate the intensities into individual elemental compositions of the constituent surfaces. The initial segment of the model uses measured data from CD-SEM and spectroscopic Ellipsometry to determine the respective surface areas visible to the XPS electron analyzer. The second segment derives the surface composition of the line top, trench bottom, and vertical sidewalls based on a linear relationship between photoelectron intensity, emitting area, and characteristic elemental composition of each surface. The study has verified the predicted compositions from the model through physical measurements, demonstrating excellent agreement and concurrence with the physical mechanisms expected from the applied etch and ash chemistry in a commercial CCP RIE etch chamber.
Prevalence, Correlates, and Perception of E-cigarettes among Undergraduate Students of Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Khanal Gayatri , Karna Abhishek , Kandel Suresh , Sharma Hari Krishna , Ward Kenneth
Published: November 2023

Introduction. The use of e-cigarettes has been increasing globally especially among the youth population due to rigorous advertisement, marketing, and promotion which has become a significant public health concern. Hence, this study is aimed at identifying the prevalence, correlates, and perception of e-cigarettes among undergraduate students of Kathmandu city. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 405 undergraduates of capital city of Nepal from April 2022 to December 2022. A two-stage systematic random sampling was used to select the respondents. An anonymous, semistructured, self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. A descriptive, bivariable, and multivariable analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Results. The prevalence of ever use and current use of e-cigarettes was 21.2% and 5.9%, respectively. Number of close friends (AOR = 5.23, CI: 1.26, 16.39), number of friends using e-cigarettes (AOR = 7.23, CI: 0.93, 22.82), male sex (AOR = 2.88, CI: 2.15, 10.35), and age (COR = 5.07, CI: 0.93, 8.19) were the major predictors of current e-cigarette usage. Similarly, number of friends using e-cigarettes (AOR = 5.90, CI: 2.15, 10.35), male sex (AOR = 3.53, CI: 2.15, 10.35), age (COR = 4.56, CI: 0.98, 6.24), and place of residence (COR: 5.19, CI: 0.83, 8.02) were the major predictors of ever e-cigarette usage. The prevalence of e-cigarette consumption was higher in males than females (5.4% vs. 0.5%). Approximately, 34.8% respondents had perceived e-cigarettes as a means to help in smoking cessation. 56.5% adults knew that e-cigarettes promoted conventional smoking. Majority (64.7%) of the undergraduate students had presumed e-cigarettes as less harmful to conventional smoking. Conclusion. Ever use, current use, and misconception on e-cigarettes were widespread among the undergraduate students. Age, male sex, number of close friends, number of peers using e-cigarette, and place of residence were the major predictors for e-cigarette usage. To deal with the increased e-cigarette consumption state, awareness on the harmful addictive properties of e-cigarettes along with its adverse health consequences must be propagated and an appropriate intervention must be implemented.
Long-Term Outcomes and Cost-Effectiveness of an Internet-Based Self-Help Intervention for Social Anxiety Disorder in University Students: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kählke Fanny , Buntrock Claudia , Smit Filip , Berger Thomas , Baumeister Harald , Ebert David Daniel
Published: November 2023

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is widespread among university students and is associated with high costs for the society. While unguided internet- and mobile-based interventions (IMIs) may have short-term effects in reducing SAD symptoms, evidence for their long-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness is still limited. The aim of this study is to examine the 6-month outcomes of an IMI for university students with SAD. Participants were recruited via mass mails sent to enrolled students and included if they were at least 18 years old, met the diagnostic criteria of SAD in a structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders (SCID-I), and provided written informed consent. In a prospective study designed as a two-armed randomized-controlled trial, 200 students (mean age 26.7 years) diagnosed with SAD were randomly assigned to an IMI or a waitlist control (WLC) condition. The IMI consisted of nine weekly sessions based on the cognitive-behavioral treatment model for social phobia by Clark and Wells. The primary outcome was SAD symptom severity assessed via the Social Phobia Scale (SPS) and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS). A health economic evaluation from a societal and healthcare perspective examined the costs related to the symptom-free status and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained. Statistically significant differences in SAD symptom severity previously found at posttreatment favoring the IMI were maintained at a 6-month follow-up [SIAS (Cohen’s

d
=
0.59

; 95% CI, 0.30, 0.87) and SPS (Cohen’s

d
=
0.83

; 95% CI, 0.54, 1.1)]. From a societal perspective, at a willingness to pay (WTP) of €0, the intervention was found to have a 92% and 93% probability of cost-effectiveness compared with the WLC per symptom-free status and QALY gained, respectively. From a healthcare perspective, the likelihood of cost-effectiveness of the intervention was 97% per symptom-free status at a WTP of €1000 (US$1326) and 96% per QALY gained at a WTP of €6000 (US$7956). This IMI is effective in treating university students with SAD and has an acceptable likelihood of cost-effectiveness compared with WLC from a societal perspective. This intervention can be integrated into university healthcare to reach students with SAD as it is scalable, shows a high probability of cost-effectiveness, and overcomes known treatment barriers. This trial is registered with DRKS00011424.
Influence of Elevation and Anthropogenic Disturbance on Woody Species Composition, Diversity, and Stand Structure in Harego Mountain Forest, Northeastern Ethiopia
Authors: Bogale Worku Belachew , Genete Muluneh Melese , Molla Tesfaye
Published: November 2023

Environmental variables like elevation affect species composition, diversity, distribution, density, and horizontal and upward growth. Ecologists are constantly working to better understand how species diversity varies along elevational gradients, particularly in mountainous ecosystems. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to examine the species’ horizontal and vertical structural diversity along the Harego Mountain Forest’s elevational gradient. The area was categorized into lower, middle, and upper elevations. A total of 67 (20 m × 20 m) plots were created along gradients of elevation 2,079–2,516 meters above sea level (m a.s.l.). Information for floristic composition, diversity, stand structure, and environmental variables were measured and recorded for each plot over the three elevational gradients. Data on anthropogenic disturbances were visually evaluated for every plot in every gradient of elevation. For the diversity analysis, Hill’s diversity statistics were employed. To find significant variations between the three elevational gradients in terms of Hill’s diversity number, stand structure, and environmental variables, the one-way analysis of variance with SPSS version 26 at the 0.05 level of significance was carried out. The finding revealed that 50 woody plants that belonged to 35 families and 44 genera in the 67 sample plots with an elevation of 2,079 to 2,516 were identified. Shrubs were dominant in each elevational gradient. Species richness, abundance, and Hill’s diversity number were all significantly (

p
<
0.05

) greater in the upper elevational gradient of the forest. On the other hand, all stand structures were significantly (

p
 
<
0.05

) higher in the middle elevational gradient. The effect of anthropogenic disturbances and environmental variables were clearly observed in the lower and upper elevational gradients than in the middle elevation. As a result, there were fewer seedlings, saplings, trees, and shrubs in the gradients of lower and higher elevations. For the conservation of the forest, it is crucial to pay special attention to biotic elements at lower elevations and abiotic factors at higher elevations. Accordingly, involving the local community in forest management, reducing anthropogenic pressure in and around the Harego Mountain Forest through tree planting in farmlands and woodlots and implementing physical soil and water conservation structures are recommended.
Multiobjective Optimization of a Traction Motor in Driving Cycles Using a Coupled Electromagnetic–Thermal 1D Simulation
Authors: Ahn Sungho , Song Wonseok , Min Seungjae
Published: November 2023

This paper proposes an electric propulsion system model for computationally efficient multiobjective optimization considering overall driving cycles using coupled electromagnetic–thermal 1D simulation. The proposed system model uses equivalent circuit networks rather than finite element method to obtain high computational efficiency because considering both driving cycles and motor temperature change during optimization requires considerable computational cost. The magnetic saturation effect and temperature change of traction motor during operation are examined by constructing look-up tables. This study first integrated the lumped parameter thermal network into the system model to consider the motor temperature change without any iterative process. The 1D simulation results over urban and highway driving cycles indicate that the changes in the induced current, efficiency, and motor temperature could be predicted while driving. The Pareto optimal solution of traction motor cross-sectional geometry including reduction ratio is successfully obtained by multiobjective optimization with the maximum output torque constraint. Constructing the proposed system model once, optimal design for multiple target driving cycles can be obtained without any driving cycle analysis. In addition, high computational efficiency indicates that the proposed system model is practical in the early design stage of various electric propulsions.
Intradermal Local Injection of Autologous Cell‐Free Fat Extract for the Treatment of Refractory Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation
Authors: Cai Yizuo , Jia Zhuoxuan , Gu Jiancheng , Kang Bijun , Zheng Hongjie , Li Wei , Zhang Wenjie
Published: November 2023

Current treatment modalities for postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) often fall short in delivering satisfactory results for some patients. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of autologous cell‐free fat extract (CEFFE) in the treatment of PIH. We enrolled 15 patients with PIH and administered them with five intracutaneous CEFFE injections, each at a two‐week interval. Evaluation included efficacy assessment using objective (standard two‐dimensional photos, VISIA®‐photos, brown spot (BS) index, lesion lightness, lesion color, and trans‐epidermal water loss) and subjective (Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale and Likert satisfaction scale) parameters and tolerance assessment. Following CEFFE treatment, significant reductions were observed in the BS index (p < 0.05) and transepidermal water loss (p < 0.05), while skin lightness and lesion color showed significant improvements (p < 0.05) at the 12‐month follow‐up. Subjectively, 93.33% of patients reported improved or greatly improved conditions after 12 months of treatment. Transient local bruising and stinging were the only observed treatment‐related adverse events, with no serious complications reported. These findings demonstrate that intradermal injections of CEFFE are well‐tolerated and effective for the treatment of PIH. This trial is registered with ChiCTR2000039381.
PRESSING Need of Precision Care in HER2-Positive Colorectal Cancer: The ELEPHANT in the Room
Authors: Raghav Kanwal P.S. , Loree Jonathan M. , Kopetz Scott
Published: November 2023

Although dual HER2 inhibition has shown promising clinical activity in patients with RAS wild-type HER2-positive metastatic colorectal cancer, predictive biomarkers of response/resistance are less well characterized. Activating HER2/RTK/MAPK genomic alterations appears to blunt the clinical benefit of dual anti-HER2 therapy and may hold a potential albeit partial role in patient selection.

See related article by Randon et al., p. 436
MTNR1B rs1387153 Polymorphism and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis
Authors: Shan Dan , Wang Ao , Yi Ke
Published: November 2023

Background: Published data on the association between the MTNR1B rs1387153 polymorphism and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk are controversial. Objective: A meta-analysis was performed to assess whether the polymorphism of MTNR1B rs1387153 is associated with GDM risk. Method: Medline, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese Biomedicine Databases were searched to identify eligible studies. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MTNR1B rs1387153 polymorphism and GDM were appropriately derived from fixed-effects or random effects models. Results: A total of 8 studies were enrolled in this meta-analysis. The pooled analyses revealed that MTNR1B rs1387153 polymorphism significantly increased the risk of GDM in all models (allele contrast (C vs. T): OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.73–0.83; homozygote (CC vs. TT): OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.53–0.69; heterozygote (CT vs. TT): OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.69–0.89; dominant model (CC + CT vs. TT): OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.63–0.80; recessive model (CC vs. CT + TT): OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.67–0.81). Further subgroup analyses by ethnicity of participants yielded similar positive results. Conclusions: Present meta-analysis reveals that MTNR1B rs1387153 variant may serve as genetic biomarkers of GDM.
Challenges Faced by SMEs and Cooperatives in Implementing Digital Technology: A Literature Review
Authors: Kaluge David
Published: November 2023

This literature review examines the challenges faced by Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) and Cooperatives in their adoption of digital technology. It explores the economic significance of these entities, the benefits of digital technology adoption, and the increasing trend of such adoption. The main focus is on the obstacles encountered in implementing digital technology, including resource limitations, access to technology infrastructure, resistance to change, skill gaps, integration and compatibility issues, data security and privacy concerns, and regulatory and legal challenges. The review also discusses strategies and solutions to help SMEs and Cooperatives overcome these challenges and highlights success stories from organizations that have effectively addressed these issues. The review underscores the importance of addressing these challenges for sustainable growth and calls for further research and innovation to support these entities in their digital transformation journey.
Digital Transformation and Inclusive Economic Development in Indonesia
Authors: Fazaaloh Al Muizzuddin , Manzilati Asfi , Kaluge David , Widiyanti Dwi Retno , Fadli Faishal , Pangestuty Farah Wulandari , Krisnugroho Ignatius Kuncoro , Supriyani Indri , Pimada Laila Masruroh , Wildana Muhammad Dandy Alif , Mulachelah Naqiyah , Shofwan Shofwan , Iswati Sri , Devia SS Vietha
Published: November 2023

This literature review examines the challenges faced by Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) and Cooperatives in their adoption of digital technology. It explores the economic significance of these entities, the benefits of digital technology adoption, and the increasing trend of such adoption. The main focus is on the obstacles encountered in implementing digital technology, including resource limitations, access to technology infrastructure, resistance to change, skill gaps, integration and compatibility issues, data security and privacy concerns, and regulatory and legal challenges. The review also discusses strategies and solutions to help SMEs and Cooperatives overcome these challenges and highlights success stories from organizations that have effectively addressed these issues. The review underscores the importance of addressing these challenges for sustainable growth and calls for further research and innovation to support these entities in their digital transformation journey
Blockchain-based Digital Information Systems for Social Funds, Zakat, Infaq Alms, and Waqf Transparency
Authors: Widiyanti Dwi Retno
Published: November 2023

Blockchain-based digital information systems can increase social fund, Zakat, Infaq alms, and Waqf transparency and accountability. Blockchain can boost philanthropy transparency. Blockchain records decentralized and transparent social fund, Zakat, Infaq alms, and Waqf transactions in an immutable and auditable chain. An immutable and auditable chain is created by linking transactions in blocks. This transparency lets stakeholders verify finances and resource allocation. Traceability and Accountability: Blockchain tracks funds from origin to destination. All contributors, recipients, and regulators can witness blockchain transactions. Transparency makes money allocation straightforward and prevents misappropriation and corruption. Automated Compliance Smart Contracts: Blockchain smart contracts automate Shariah and regulatory compliance. Smart contracts allocate funds depending on predefined criteria and automatically act when conditions are met. Human mistake and manipulation decrease, promoting openness and justice. Blockchain platforms can show contributors and beneficiaries financial flow in real time. Donations are tracked for openness and accountability. Beneficiaries can verify fund receipt and allocation, boosting system trust. Donor and receiver engagement and social impact grow with transparency. Blockchain facilitates audits and reporting. The blockchain records all transactions, simplifying and verifying financial reporting. Auditors can rapidly and completely audit visible transaction history. Reduces time and improves financial reporting. Openness, immutability, and auditability of blockchain boost trust in social funds, Zakat, Infaq alms, and Waqf institutions. Transparent and responsible fund management with blockchain technology can boost donations, involvement, and charity efficacy. Strategy, cooperation, and legal and regulatory compliance are needed to implement blockchain technology. Data privacy and
Crítica a um jovem poeta: correspondência entre Mário de Andrade e Alphonsus de Guimaraens Filho
Authors: Machado Marcia Regina Jaschke
Published: November 2023

Este artigo tem o objetivo de estabelecer conexões entre a crítica literária que Mário de Andrade publicou no início dos anos 1940 e aquela que ele elaborou em sua correspondência, a qual denominamos “crítica informal”. Para isso serão confrontados alguns de seus pontos de vista sobre a produção poética da geração de 1940 apresentados no texto “Lume de estrelas” e nas cartas que trocou com Alphonsus de Guimaraens Filho.
A vida epistolar de Lima Barreto: entrevista com Lilia Schwarcz
Authors: Ferreira Ligia Fonseca , Moraes Marcos Antonio de
Published: November 2023

Entrevista realizada em 2023 com a antropóloga e professora Lilia Moritz Schwarcz, autora de Lima Barreto, triste visionário (Companhia das Letras, 2017).
Abstract 12228: Prognostic Role of Renal Replacement Therapy Among Hospitalized Patients With Heart Failure in the Brazilian National Public Health System
Authors: Coy-Cangucu Andrea , M Antunes Correa Lígia , Mazzali Marilda , Abrao Paula , Mendes Fernanda M , TEIXEIRA CINTHIA M , Viana Karynna P , Cordeiro Guilherme , Longato Maurício , Coelho Otávio R , Souza Jos , Nadruz Wilson , Sposito Andrei , Petersen Steffen E , Jerosch-Herold Michael , Coelho-Filho Otavio R
Published: November 2023

Introduction:
Data on survival and prognostic factors of patients hospitalized with HF in Brazil are scarce.

Aims:
To determine the in-hospital all-cause mortality rate, in-hospital renal replacement therapy (RRT) rate, and its association with in-hospital mortality in a population of patients admitted with HF to hospitals from the Brazilian National Public Health System (SUS).

Methods:
We included adult patients with a documented diagnosis of HF (ICD-10 I50.X) admitted to any public hospital in the SUS Hospital Information System (SIHSUS) registry from April 2017 to August 2021. RRT included intermittent hemodialysis, continuous hemodialysis, and peritoneal dialysis. Descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate Cox regression were employed.

Results:
Of the 910,128 HF hospitalizations identified, 106,383 (11.7%) resulted in in-hospital death (Table 1). RRT (required by 8,179 non-survivors [7.7%] and 11,496 survivors [1.4%,
p
< 0.001]) was associated with a 56% increase in the risk of death (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.52
-
1.59) (Fig 1). All forms of RRT were independently associated with in-hospital mortality (Fig 2). Female sex (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.03-1.06) and COVID-19 (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.14-1.81) were identified as risk factors for in-hospital mortality, while heart transplantation improved survival (HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.29-0.47). Hospitalizations requiring RRT and hospitalizations resulting in death were both longer and costlier (Fig 3, 4).

Conclusion:
In this nationwide registry of patients admitted with HF to Brazilian public hospitals, we found an alarming mortality rate double the estimates reported in European and North American countries. RRT was strongly associated with a prolonged hospital stay, higher cost-of-hospitalization, and in-hospital death. Our findings highlight the significance of optimizing medical therapy for patients admitted with HF to prevent the deterioration of their renal function and the need for RRT.
U-CORE: A Unified Deep Cluster-wise Contrastive Framework for Open Relation Extraction
Authors: Zhou Jie , Dong Shenpo , Huang Yunxin , Wu Meihan , Li Haili , Wang Jingnan , Tu Hongkui , Wang Xiaodong
Published: November 2023

Within Open Relation Extraction (ORE) tasks, the Zero-shot ORE method is to generalize undefined relations from predefined relations, while the Unsupervised ORE method is to extract undefined relations without the need for annotations. However, despite the possibility of overlap between predefined and undefined relations in the training data, a unified framework for both Zero-shot and Unsupervised ORE has yet to be established. To address this gap, we propose U-CORE: A Unified Deep Cluster-wise Contrastive Framework for both Zero-shot and Unsupervised ORE, by leveraging techniques from Contrastive Learning (CL) and Clustering.1 U-CORE overcomes the limitations of CL-based Zero-shot ORE methods by employing Cluster-wise CL that preserves both local smoothness as well as global semantics. Additionally, we employ a deep-cluster-based updater that optimizes the cluster center, thus enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of the model. To increase the stability of the model, we adopt Adaptive Self-paced Learning that effectively addresses the data-shifting problems. Experimental results on three well-known datasets demonstrate that U-CORE significantly improves upon existing methods by showing an average improvement of 7.35% ARI on Zero-shot ORE tasks and 15.24% ARI on Unsupervised ORE tasks.
Learning to Paraphrase Sentences to Different Complexity Levels
Authors: Chi Alison , Chen Li-Kuang , Chang Yi-Chen , Lee Shu-Hui , Chang Jason S.
Published: November 2023

While sentence simplification is an active research topic in NLP, its adjacent tasks of sentence complexification and same-level paraphrasing are not. To train models on all three tasks, we present two new unsupervised datasets. We compare these datasets, one labeled by a weak classifier and the other by a rule-based approach, with a single supervised dataset. Using these three datasets for training, we perform extensive experiments on both multitasking and prompting strategies. Compared to other systems trained on unsupervised parallel data, models trained on our weak classifier labeled dataset achieve state-of-the-art performance on the ASSET simplification benchmark. Our models also outperform previous work on sentence-level targeting. Finally, we establish how a handful of Large Language Models perform on these tasks under a zero-shot setting.
Attachment, Relationships, Academic Problems, and Negative Emotions in Student Veterans With Disabilities
Authors: Umucu Emre , Kriofske Mainella Alexandra , Ruiz Derek , Lee Beatrice , Wang Anni , Aydin Zeynep , Yasuoka Mizuka
Published: November 2023

In U.S. higher education, the student veteran population is growing. As we research and research and gain deeper insights into student veterans and the impact that their military service has on their lives, we begin to uncover connections, such as challenges in romantic and sexual aspects, as well as negative emotions, that may provide valuable insight to counselors. This study aimed to examine whether the relationship between unhealthy attachment and academic problems could be mediated by problems in romantic and sexual relationships, as well as negative emotions, among student veterans with disabilities. Data were collected from 129 student veterans with disabilities who receive counseling and accommodation services from college disability services. The findings revealed that, in student veterans with disabilities, the association between unhealthy attachment and academic problems was partially mediated by romantic and sexual relationship problems, as well as negative emotions. We discussed the implications for counselors and researchers.
Parent and teacher involvement and adolescent academic engagement: Unique, mediated, and transactional effects
Authors: Rickert Nicolette P. , Skinner Ellen A.
Published: November 2023

This study explored the dynamics of motivational development across late elementary and early middle school. Using longitudinal data from a cross-section of fifth to seventh-grade students, analyses examined whether parents’ and teachers’ warm involvement shows unique and/or mediated effects on students’ academic engagement and whether engagement feeds back into adults’ continued involvement. Parent and teacher involvement each predicted changes in adolescents’ engagement; parental involvement also played an indirect role via student–teacher relationships; and students who were more engaged reported that adults responded with increasing levels of involvement. These models provide support for a reciprocal dynamic that could lead to virtuous cycles increasing in both involvement and engagement or to vicious cycles amplifying disaffection and withdrawal of involvement over time. Future studies, using time series or observational data, could further unpack these dynamics, examining processes of transmission, mediators, and effects on the longer-term development of academic engagement.
‘Be your own boss’? Normative concerns of algorithmic management in the gig economy: reclaiming agency at work through algorithmic counter-tactics
Authors: Celentano Denise
Published: November 2023

The article explores the normative concerns raised for gig workers by algorithmic management (AM), by embracing an ethnographically sensitive approach to philosophical inquiry. Inspired by Michel de Certeau’s concept of ‘tactics’, the article suggests interpreting workers’ attempts to ‘trick the algorithm’ and escape some of AM’s constraints as ways to reclaim agency, in the absence of suitable organizational conditions for its affirmative exercise. The kind of agency specifically deployed by workers in cooperative settings is referred to as ‘contributive agency’, broadly defined as workers’ control over their contribution in multiple dimensions – epistemic, relational, participatory and protective. Contributive agentic capacities are not mere properties of agents, but organizationally mediated capacities that can be more or less enabled or constrained depending on the contributive context. It is argued that below a certain threshold, AM’s agency-constraining features are objectionable and desirable agency-enabling organizational conditions are identified in the four dimensions.
Micro-ultrasound based characterization of cerebrovasculature following focal ischemic stroke and upon short-term rehabilitation
Authors: Yu Johnson , Joo Illsung L , Bazzigaluppi Paolo , Koletar Margaret M , Cherin Emmanuel , Stanisz Andrew G , Graham James WC , Demore Christine , Stefanovic Bojana
Published: November 2023

Notwithstanding recanalization treatments in the acute stage of stroke, many survivors suffer long-term impairments. Physical rehabilitation is the only widely available strategy for chronic-stage recovery, but its optimization is hindered by limited understanding of its effects on brain structure and function. Using micro-ultrasound, behavioral testing, and electrophysiology, we investigated the impact of skilled reaching rehabilitation on cerebral hemodynamics, motor function, and neuronal activity in a rat model of focal ischemic stroke. A 50 MHz micro-ultrasound transducer and intracortical electrophysiology were utilized to characterize neurovascular changes three weeks following focal ischemia elicited by endothelin-1 injection into the sensorimotor cortex. Sprague-Dawley rats were rehabilitated through tray reaching, and their fine skilled reaching was assessed via the Montoya staircase. Focal ischemia led to a sustained deficit in forelimb reaching; and increased tortuosity of the penetrating vessels in the perilesional cortex; with no lateralization of spontaneous neuronal activity. Rehabilitation improved skilled reaching; decreased cortical vascularity; was associated with elevated peri- vs. contralesional hypercapnia-induced flow homogenization and increased perilesional spontaneous cortical neuronal activity. Our study demonstrated neurovascular plasticity accompanying rehabilitation-elicited functional recovery in the subacute stage following stroke, and multiple micro-ultrasound-based markers of cerebrovascular structure and function modified in recovery from ischemia and upon rehabilitation.
Hypothesis selection with Monte Carlo tree search for feature-based simultaneous localization and mapping in non-static environments
Authors: Nielsen Kristin , Hendeby Gustaf
Published: November 2023

A static world assumption is often used when considering the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem. In reality, especially when long-term autonomy is the objective, this is not a valid assumption. This paper studies a scenario where landmarks can occupy multiple discrete positions at different points in time, where each possible position is added to a multi-hypothesis map representation. A selector-mixture distribution is introduced and used in the observation model. Each landmark position hypothesis is associated with one component in the mixture. The landmark movements are modeled by a discrete Markov chain and the Monte Carlo tree search algorithm is suggested to be used as component selector. The non-static environment model is further incorporated into the factor graph formulation of the SLAM problem and is solved by iterating between estimating discrete variables with a component selector and optimizing continuous variables with an efficient state-of-the-art nonlinear least squares SLAM solver. The proposed non-static SLAM system is validated in numerical simulation and with a publicly available dataset by showing that a non-static environment can successfully be navigated.
The Shadows of Family Life: Mistreated Girls Admitted to the Casa de Misericordia in Barcelona in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Fargas Peñarrocha Mariela
Published: November 2023

Many of the girls admitted to the Casa de Misericordia (House of Mercy) in Barcelona during the early modern age had suffered forms of violence, within their families and in the wider context of their deprived neighborhoods. Although poverty was the main reason for entry, there were many concomitant factors that led to girls being abandoned. My aim here is to demonstrate that among these factors, the experience of violence was important both quantitatively and qualitatively. The admission files reveal certainly the relationship between poverty, family conflicts, and violence against those most vulnerable members of society.
Fibroblast Activation Protein–Targeted PET/CT With Al18F-NODA-FAPI-04 for In Vivo Imaging of Tendon Healing in Rat Achilles Tendon Injury Models
Authors: Liu Zhenfeng , Zhou Haiying , Li Pengfei , Wang Zewei , Tu Tian , Ezzi Sohaib Hasan Abdullah , Kota Vishnu Goutham , Hasan Abdulla Mohamed Hasan Abdulla , Alhaskawi Ahmad , Dong Yanzhao , Huang Yuqiao , Dong Mengjie , Su Xinhui , Lu Hui
Published: November 2023

Background:

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) has shown high expression in inflammatory responses and fibrosis.

Hypothesis:

We speculated that FAP could serve as a diagnostic and monitoring target in the tendon healing process.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 72 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a tendon crush group and a half-partial tendon laceration group. Four rats in each group were injected with radiotracers weekly for 4 weeks after surgery, with aluminum fluoride–labeled 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N′,N″-triacetic acid–conjugated FAP inhibitor (Al18F-NODA-FAPI-04) administered on the first day of each week and 18F-fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) on the next day. Small animal positron emission tomography (PET) imaging was performed, and tendon tissue was collected for pathology and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis each week after surgery.

Results:

One week after surgery, both radiotracers showed signal concentration at the lesion site, which was the highest radioactive uptake observed during 4 weeks postoperatively, consistent with the severity of the lesion. Consistent trends were observed for inflammatory cytokines during qRT-PCR analysis. Additionally, Al18F-NODA-FAPI-04 PET exhibited a more precise lesion pattern, attributed to its high specificity for naive fibroblasts when referring to histological findings. Over time, the uptake of both radiotracers at the injury site gradually decreased, with 18F-FDG experiencing a more rapid decrease than Al18F-NODA-FAPI-04. In the fourth week after surgery, the maximum standardized uptake values of Al18F-NODA-FAPI-04 in the injured lesion almost reverted to the baseline levels, indicating a substantial decrease in naive fibroblasts and inflammatory cells and a reduction in inflammation and fibrosis, especially compared with the first week. Corresponding trends were also revealed in pathological and qRT-PCR results.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that inflammation is a prominent feature during the early stage of tendon injury. Al18F-NODA-FAPI-04 PET allows accurate localization and provides detailed morphological imaging, enabling continuous monitoring of the healing progress and assessment of injury severity.
Bibliometric and visual analyses of trends in the field of T cell exhaustion research: Findings from 2000 to 2022
Authors: Liu Ziling , Wan Huan , Tan Yao , Li Deshuang , Huang Jianguo , Zhang Chuanhe , Liu Fangyuan , Qin Bo
Published: November 2023

Background

T cell exhaustion refers to a state wherein T cells become less functional as a result of their prolonged exposure to cognate antigens. A wealth of T cell exhaustion-focused research has been conducted in recent decades, transforming the current understanding of this biologically relevant process. However, there have not been any comprehensive bibliometric analyses to date focused on clarifying the T cell exhaustion-related research landscape. Here, a bibliometric analysis was thus conducted with the goal of better elucidating the current state of knowledge and emerging research hotspots in this field.

Methods

The Web of Science Core Collection was searched for articles and reviews related to T cell exhaustion, with the CiteSpace and VOSviewer programs then being employed to analyze the countries, institutions, authors, references, and keywords associated with studies in this research space.

Results

In total, 2676 studies were incorporated in this analysis, highlighting progressive annual increases in the number of T cell exhaustion-focused publications over the study period. These publications were affiliated with 3117 institutions in 85 countries, with the USA and China being the largest contributors to the field. Of the 18,032 authors associated with these publications, E. John Wherry exhibited the highest publication count and the greatest citation frequency. Keyword analyses indicated that immunotherapy, T cell exhaustion, and PD-1 are the dominant foci for T cell exhaustion-related research.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the importance of collaborations among institutions and nations in order to further propel novel studies of T cell exhaustion. Efforts to unravel the signal transduction and transcriptional mechanisms underlying the onset of T cell exhaustion were also identified as an emerging hotspot in this field. Ultimately, these results support the pivotal status of T cell exhaustion research as a key direction for immunotherapeutic research and development efforts in the coming years.
Steroid initiation timing and outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 patients: A multicenter, retrospective, observational study
Authors: Sugimoto Ryu , Kenzaka Tsuneaki , Mikami Ayako , Matsunaga Nobuaki , Akiyama Takayuki , Ohmagari Norio , Nishisaki Hogara
Published: November 2023

Objectives: Dexamethasone’s (DEXA) beneficial effect on survival when administered to critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been documented in randomized trials and meta-analyses. Here, we conducted this study to clarify the association between time from COVID-19 onset to steroid initiation and mortality and to examine the factors underlying these results.

Methods: This was a multicenter, retrospective, observational study of patients enrolled in the Japanese COVID-19 Registry from January 1, 2020, to April 30, 2021. Demographic and clinical factors were extracted from patient records. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 using polymerase chain reaction, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, or antigen tests were included. Patients aged <18 years, pregnant, with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or steroid or immunosuppressive drug use, transferred to another hospital, or with an unknown symptom onset were excluded.

Results and Conclusion: The analysis included 3692 patients (men, 64.1%; median age, 68 years). Unadjusted comparisons of mortality groups showed significant differences in demographic and clinical characteristics; patients with early dexamethasone initiation had more risk factors for severe disease and significantly higher mortality than did patients with delayed initiation (13.3% vs 7.9%, p < .001). No significant differences were found in intubation rates or duration, length of hospitalization, or time from intubation to death. Multivariate analyses showed significant differences from symptom onset to steroid administration, with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.7 ( p = .05) for patients who received steroids for ≥8 days. Early steroid administration to COVID-19 patients was associated with increased mortality, suggesting a subset with early severe disease and high mortality and/or adverse effects of early steroid administration.
A charitable altar service: The role of the tithe in the book of Tobit
Authors: Long Stephen Arden
Published: November 2023

One of the main teachings conveyed by the book of Tobit is the high religious significance of almsgiving, said to be an excellent “offering” before God (4:11) and a practice that can even “save from death” and “purge away every sin” (12:9). Early on in the book, the young Tobit is depicted as scrupulous in his performance of the various tithe laws mandated in the Pentateuch, bringing his tithes each year from a considerable distance for distribution in Jerusalem (1:6–8). Interpretation of this opening vignette is frequently restricted to the question of how the author of Tobit is to be situated on the spectrum of Second Temple halakhic practice in regard to the tithe legislation—but little attention is given to the question of how the protagonist’s early tithing practice might contribute to the larger themes of the book, especially that of charity. This article argues that the presence of the tithe in Tobit 1 does indeed contribute to the book’s larger charity didactic by picking up on hints within the Pentateuch that the tithe had “sacrificial” features while simultaneously serving as a means of poor relief. This reading of the significance of the tithe sets the author of Tobit apart from at least one contemporary, Joshua Ben Sira, who was also concerned to inculcate charity but who did not rely on the image of the tithe to do so.
A Challenge to Traditional Tolerance? The British Police and the Anti-War Movement in the First World War
Authors: Shpayer-Makov Haia
Published: November 2023

Peace advocates had been active in Britain since the beginning of the nineteenth century, but they were not perceived as a threat that warranted police attention. This changed with the First World War when war resistance and conscientious objection came to be widely seen as a danger to national security. This article seeks to explore the ways in which the British police, hailed far and wide, both in England and abroad, for their tolerance compared to their European counterparts, used their dramatically extended powers to supervise the anti-war campaigns and the circumstances that affected their activities.
Ethical predicaments and countermeasures in nursing informatics
Authors: Wang Jianan , Xu Yihong , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Pan Hongying
Published: November 2023

With the increasing use of technology in nursing, how nurses perform practice care has changed, inevitably leading to ethical concerns that differ from original ethical norms in nursing. Studies have focused on ethical issues in health informatics from clinicians’ or patients’ perspectives, while nurses’ perspective is needed. This paper conducts a theoretical study on ethical predicaments that arise in nursing informatics from nurses’ perspectives. Why and how these predicaments emerge are elaborated. Also, this paper offers countermeasures in realistic contexts from technique, education, and leadership aspects. Collaborations between governments, administrators, educators, technicians, and nurses are needed to step out of these predicaments.
An Exploration of the Awareness and Attitudes of Psychology Students Regarding Their Psychological Literacy for Working in the Cybersecurity Industry
Authors: Taylor Jacqui , Whitty Monica
Published: November 2023

We propose that psychology graduates are uniquely placed to work in the cybersecurity industry due to their understanding of human behavior and the possession of skills needed to address cybersecurity issues. However, there are challenges in attracting psychology graduates to the cybersecurity industry as they may not be fully aware of how skills developed in a psychology degree can be applied to a cybersecurity career. This small-scale evaluation explored psychology students' understanding of what working in cybersecurity entailed and what psychology skills and knowledge (their psychological literacies) they thought were needed for working in psychology and cybersecurity roles. Undergraduate psychology students ( N = 66) answered two open-ended questions about skills needed to work in cybersecurity and then judged the importance of nine psychological literacy items for working in cybersecurity and psychology. A content analysis revealed that students recognized not just the technical aspects of cybersecurity work but also aspects relating to human behavior. Seven of the nine psychological literacy items were perceived as significantly more important for working in psychology than cybersecurity. This study is the first to link psychological literacy to working in cybersecurity. The implications of the results are discussed in terms of supporting students to recognize their psychological literacies for cybersecurity careers and suggestions are made for awareness-raising initiatives.
Recommendations for radiographic assessment of hand wounds
Authors: Druel Thibault , Jalaguier Thomas , Gaillard Christophe , Gazarian Aram
Published: November 2023

A retrospective study of 945 hand patients was conducted to determine the relevance of systematic radiographic assessment. An osteoarticular lesion or a radiopaque foreign body was found in 34% of cases. The indications for radiographic assessment should be related to the mechanism of injury.