bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WRKY42 transcription factor positively regulates leaf senescence through modulating SA and ROS synthesis inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Niu Fangfang , Cui Xing , Zhao Peiyu , Sun Mengting , Yang Bo , Deyholos Michael K. , Li Ye , Zhao Xinjie , Jiang Yuan‐Qing
Published: July 2020

Leaf senescence represents the final stage of leaf growth and development, and its onset and progression are strictly regulated; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study we found thatWRKY42was highly induced during leaf senescence. Loss‐of‐functionwrky42mutants showed delayed leaf senescence whereas the overexpression ofWRKY42accelerated senescence. Transcriptome analysis revealed 2721 differentially expressed genes between wild‐type andWRKY42‐overexpressing plants, including genes involved in salicylic acid (SA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis as well as several senescence‐associated genes (SAGs). Moreover, WRKY42 activated the transcription ofisochorismate synthase 1(ICS1),respiratory burst oxidase homolog F(RbohF) and a few SAG genes. Consistently, the expression of these genes was reduced inwrky42mutants but was markedly increased in transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressingWRKY42. Bothin vitroelectrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) andin vivochromatin immunoprecipitation and dual luciferase assays demonstrated that WRKY42 directly bound to the promoters ofICS1andRbohF, as well as a fewSAGs, to activate their expression. Genetic analysis further showed that mutations ofICS1andRbohFsuppressed the early senescence phenotype evoked byWRKY42overexpression. Thus, we have identified WRKY42 as a novel transcription factor positively regulating leaf senescence by directly activating the transcription ofICS1,RbohFandSAGs, without any seed yield penalty.
Daudi cell stroma: An alternative to dithiothreitol to resolve daratumumab interference in pretransfusion testing
Authors: Tremblay Tony , Branch Donald R. , Loubaki Lionel
Published: July 2020

Background

Treatment of red blood cells with dithiothreitol (DTT) or trypsin effectively denatures CD38; however, this treatment damages other antigens, some of which are of clinical importance. Thus, other avenues to deplete daratumumab (DARA) from plasma samples should be explored.

Study Design and Methods

The Daudi B‐cell line was found to express high levels of CD38 and was sonicated in a sonication buffer to achieve complete cell lysis. The resulting stroma preparation was centrifuged at 20 000g for 20 minutes and then mixed with 250 μL of DARA–plasma and incubated for 10 minutes at 37°C. The stroma–DARA–plasma mixture was centrifuged again, and the supernatant was collected and subjected to four additional rounds of adsorption with fresh stroma. DARA‐depleted plasma was tested by gel indirect antiglobulin test (IAT).

Results

CD38 expression on Daudi cells was confirmed by flow cytometry. Gel IAT analysis showed that the incubation of plasma from DARA‐treated patients with Daudi cells stroma resulted in a significant depletion of DARA but allowing detection of other alloantibodies of interest such as anti‐K, anti‐Yta, and anti‐Gya.

Conclusions

Daudi cell stroma is inexpensive, easy to prepare in large batches, and can be used as an off‐the‐shelf reagent. Incubation of plasma from DARA‐treated patients with Daudi cell stroma can efficiently overcome DARA interference in serologic testing without affecting DTT‐ or trypsin‐sensitive antigens.
Nurses’ provisions for self-determination when caring for clients with cognitive impairment who live in a residential aged care facility: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Morris Patricia , McCloskey Rose , Keeping-Burke Lisa , Manley Allison
Published: July 2020

Objective:

The objective of this scoping review is to examine and map knowledge of nursing provisions for self-determination while providing care to clients with cognitive impairment in residential aged care facilities.

Introduction:

Maintaining the ability to have choices and to make decisions about daily activities is important for older adults. In residential aged care facilities, nurses’ can be challenged to preserve clients’ self-determination in favor of ritualistic care routines and a perceived duty to care. Moreover, nurses may perceive that their professional responsibilities to protect clients requires them to guard against decisions that are considered unwise or pose a risk to clients’ health or safety. Insight into how nurses negotiate choice with clients with cognitive impairment who are living in a residential care facility will provide an in-depth understanding of the role self-determination plays in clients’ lives.

Inclusion criteria:

The scoping review will consider research and narrative reports on nursing provisions for self-determination in clients with cognitive impairment who are living in a residential aged care facility. The concepts of interest are self-determination and nursing provisions. Self-determination is defined as client choice and nursing provisions are the intentional reactions to clients’ expressed choices.

Methods:

This scoping review will aim to locate published and unpublished literature employing a three-step search strategy. Only papers published in English from 1995 onward will be included. Data extracted from included papers will outline details on the participants, context, strategy, activity, and outcomes. Extracted data will be reported in a tabular form and presented narratively to address the review objective.
Calculation of Dynamical Phase Diagram in U-Zr Binary System Under Irradiation
Authors: Lu Yong , Jiang Zheng , Li Linyang , Wang Cuiping , Guo Yihui , Han Jiajia , Liu Xingjun
Published: July 2020

By taking into account the ballistic mixing caused by recoil implantation and cascade collision, a model that describing effective free energy for alloys under irradiation from the perspective of diffusion equilibrium was used to study the effect of irradiation-induced defects on phase stability in U-Zr binary system. Based on the effective free energy model and the thermodynamic model, dynamical phase diagrams of U-Zr alloy under different irradiation intensities were calculated, and the differences between the dynamical phase diagram and thermodynamic equilibrium phase diagram (TEPD) were discussed. The obtained results indicate that, under irradiation, the high-temperature stable γ(U, Zr) phase can be stabilized resulting in two invariant reactions at low temperature, which could be ascribed to the domination of irradiation-induced ballistic mixing.
Beat Effect in Machining Chatter: Analysis and Detection
Authors: Sun Yuxin , Ding Longyang , Liu Chao , Xiong Zhenhua , Zhu Xiangyang
Published: July 2020

In machining processes, regenerative chatter is an unstable vibration which adversely affects surface finish, cutting tools, and spindle bearings. Under some cutting conditions, the beat effect, an interference pattern between two periodical vibrations of slightly different frequencies, has been a common phenomenon where the amplitude of chatter vibration tends to increase and decrease periodically. Until now, few studies have been conducted to analyze the beat effect in machining chatter. On the other hand, researchers have developed various chatter detection methods with the objective to timely avoid detrimental effects induced by chatter. However, none of the existing chatter detection methods in the literature has ever considered the beat effect. The neglect of the beat effect will adversely affect the effectiveness of these methods and even result in false alarms. In this paper, the significance level and the mechanism of the beat effect in turning chatter are analyzed by time domain simulation. Afterward, a multiscale wavelet packet entropy (MWPE) method is proposed to detect machining chatter regardless of the occurrence of the beat effect. The determination strategy of the scale factor in the MWPE is presented based on the beat period, whose relationship with the damping ratio and spindle speed is derived analytically in orthogonal turning scenarios. Finally, machining tests are conducted to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed chatter detection method with respect to the presence and absence of the beat effect.
Reduced-Order Model of the Environmental Variation Error of a Precision Five-Axis Machine Tool
Authors: Hernández-Becerro Pablo , Purtschert Joel , Konvicka Jan , Buesser Christian , Schranz David , Mayr Josef , Wegener Konrad
Published: July 2020

Thermo-mechanical models, based on the discretization of the heat transfer and elasticity equations, enable the analysis and optimization of the thermal design of machine tools. This work investigates the thermo-mechanical response of a five-axis precision machine tool to fluctuations of the environmental temperature. To increase the computational efficiency of the thermo-mechanical model, a surrogate model by means of projection-based model order reduction (MOR) is created. This article uses the parametric Krylov Modal Subspace (KMS) method, which enables the evaluation of the thermo-mechanical response of the machine tool for different values of the parameters describing the convective boundary conditions. The thermo-mechanical model is validated comparing the simulated and measured response of the machine tool to a step in the environmental temperature. The validation process uses the global sensitivity analysis (GSA) to determine the convective boundary conditions with the largest impact on the thermally induced deviations. The reduced-order model ensures the computational tractability of the Monte Carlo simulation associated with the sensitivity analysis and parameter identification. The validated thermo-mechanical model is used to investigate the thermo-mechanical design of the machine tool.
In Situ Investigation of the Kinematics of Ply Interfaces During Composite Manufacturing
Authors: Chava Sandeep , Namilae Sirish
Published: July 2020

The kinematics of composite ply interfaces critically affects both the manufacturing processes and deformation mechanisms and is often responsible for the formation of defects such as wrinkles and delamination. In the present work, processing-induced defects in a carbon fiber prepreg composite are evaluated by devising a novel in situ experimental approach. Carbon fiber prepreg laminates are cured in a specially designed autoclave with viewports with plies laid up on a mold with cylindrical tooling set up to maximize the ply-movement. Four-ply layup orientations of [90/90]s, [90/0]s, [90/45]s, and [90/−45]s and three-mold configurations with cylindrical tools of diameter 9.5 mm (3/8 in.), 12.7 mm (1/2 in.), and 15.9 mm (5/8 in.) are used for the parametric study. Strains, ply-movement, and formation of defects are observed in situ using digital image correlation (DIC) during the autoclave cure cycle, through the viewports. The processing-induced defects in the composite are further characterized by X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). We observed that the mold with the larger radius of curvature (15.9 mm cylinder) leads to higher strains in both in-plane directions and higher displacement in out of plane directions. The maximum average out-of-plane ply movement, as well as the largest wrinkle, are observed for [90/−45]s layup on the mold with the highest radius of curvature.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Praziquantel in Pregnant and Lactating Filipino Women Infected with Schistosoma japonicum
Authors: Bustinduy Amaya L. , Kolamunnage-Dona Ruwanthi , Mirochnick Mark H. , Capparelli Edmund V. , Tallo Veronica , Acosta Luz P. , Olveda Remigio M. , Friedman Jennifer F. , Hope William W.
Published: July 2020

An estimated 40 million women of reproductive age are infected with one of three species of the waterborne parasite
Schistosoma
spp. Treatment with praziquantel (PZQ) via mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns is the mainstay of schistosomiasis control for populations living in areas of endemicity. The World Health Organization recommends that pregnant and lactating women be included in schistosomiasis MDA programs, and several recent studies have evaluated the safety and efficacy of PZQ use during pregnancy.
Genetic Dissection of the Fermentative and Respiratory Contributions Supporting Vibrio cholerae Hypoxic Growth
Authors: Bueno Emilio , Sit Brandon , Waldor Matthew K. , Cava Felipe
Published: July 2020

Bacteria reprogram their metabolism in environments with low oxygen levels (hypoxia). Typically, this occurs via regulation of two major, but largely independent, metabolic pathways: fermentation and respiration. In this study, we found that the diarrheal pathogen
Vibrio cholerae
has a respiratory chain for NO
3
−
that consists largely of components found in other NO
3
−
respiratory systems but also contains several proteins not previously linked to this process. Both AdhE-dependent fermentation and NO
3
−
respiration were required for efficient pathogen growth under both laboratory conditions and in an animal infection model. These observations provide a specific example of fermentative respiratory interactions and identify metabolic vulnerabilities that may be targetable for new antimicrobial agents in
V. cholerae
and related pathogens.
Performance of PCR/Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry on Whole Blood for Detection of Bloodstream Microorganisms in Patients with Suspected Sepsis
Authors: Strålin Kristoffer , Rothman Richard E. , Özenci Volkan , Barkataki Kieron , Brealey David , Dhiman Neelam , Poling Lara , Kurz Michael C. , Limaye Ajit P. , LoVecchio Frank , Lowery Kristin , Miller Loren G. , Moran Gregory J. , Overcash J. Scott , Parekh Amisha , Peacock W. Frank , Rivers Emanuel P. , Sims Matthew , Stubbs Amy M. , Sundqvist Martin , Ullberg Måns , Carroll Karen C.
Published: July 2020

Blood culture (BC) often fails to detect bloodstream microorganisms in sepsis. However, molecular diagnostics hold great potential. The molecular method PCR/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) can detect DNA from hundreds of different microorganisms in whole blood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of this method in a multicenter study including 16 teaching hospitals in the United States (
n
 = 13) and Europe (
n
 = 3).
PD-L1 Checkpoint Inhibition Narrows the Antigen-Specific T Cell Receptor Repertoire in Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection
Authors: Klein S. , Ghersi D. , Manns M. P. , Prinz I. , Cornberg M. , Kraft A. R. M.
Published: July 2020

Checkpoint inhibitors are effective immunotherapeutics to restore cancer- and virus-induced exhausted CD8
+
T cells, by enhancing the quality and survival of immune responses. Although checkpoint inhibitors are already used as therapy against various cancers, not much is known about their multifaceted impact on the exhausted CD8
+
T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. This report describes for the first time the evolvement of an exhausted antigen-specific CD8
+
TCR repertoire under checkpoint inhibitor treatment. By using a well-established virus model, we were able to show major shifts toward oligoclonality of the CD8
+
TCR repertoire response against a massively exhausted lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) epitope. While supporting viral control in the LCMV model, oligoclonality and more private of TCR repertoires may impact future pathogenic challenges and may promote viral escape. Our results may explain the ongoing problems of viral escapes, unpredictable autoimmunity, and heterogeneous responses appearing as adverse effects of checkpoint inhibitor treatments.
Sho1p Connects Glycolysis to Ras1-cAMP Signaling and Is Required for Microcolony Formation in Candida albicans
Authors: Kumar Rohitashw , Maulik Malabika , Pathirana Ruvini U. , Cullen Paul J. , Edgerton Mira
Published: July 2020

C. albicans
microcolonies form extensive hyphal structures that enhance surface adherence and penetrate underlying tissues to promote fungal infections. This study examined the environmental conditions that promote microcolony formation and how these signals are relayed, in order to disrupt signaling and reduce pathogenesis. We found that a membrane-localized protein, Sho1, is an upstream regulator of glycolysis and required for Ras1-cAMP signaling. Sho1 controlled the Ras1-dependent expression of core microcolony genes involved in adhesion and virulence. This new regulatory function for Sho1 linking glycolysis to microcolony formation reveals a novel role for this fungal membrane protein.
mSphere of Influence: Communication Is Complicated—Just Ask a Bacterial Cell
Authors: Mera Paola E.
Published: July 2020

Paola Mera works in the field of bacterial developmental biology. In this mSphere of Influence article, she reflects on how the paper “MipZ, a spatial regulator coordinating chromosome segregation with cell division in
Caulobacter
” by Martin Thanbichler and Lucy Shapiro (Cell 126:147–162, 2006,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.05.038
) made an impact on her journey discovering the complexities involved in communicative processes that drive molecular mechanisms inside the bacterial cell.
mSphere of Influence: Translating Gut Microbiome Studies To Benefit Human Health
Authors: Seekatz Anna M.
Published: July 2020

Anna M. Seekatz works in the field of the gut microbiome as it related to infectious diseases. In this “mSphere of Influence” article, she reflects on how two studies, “The impact of a consortium of fermented milk strains on the gut microbiome of gnotobiotic mice and monozygotic twins” (N. P. McNulty, T. Yatsunenko, A. Hsiao, et al., Sci Transl Med 3:106ra106, 2011) and “High-throughput DNA sequence analysis reveals stable engraftment of gut microbiota following transplantation of previously frozen fecal bacteria” (M.
Supplemental Material: Recognizing tide- and wave-dominated compound deltaic clinothems in the rock record
Authors: Peng Yang , al. et
Published: July 2020

Fig. S1: Modern examples; Fig. S2: Compound-clinoform deltas in modern Orinoco Delta; Fig. S3: Recognition diagram for tide-dominated compound-clinoform deltas; Fig. S4: Recognition diagram for wave-dominated compound-clinoform deltas; and Fig. S5: Measured section of a wave-dominated compound-clinoform delta.
Purpura-free small intestinal IgA vasculitis complicated by cytomegalovirus reactivation
Authors: Matsumura Mariko , Komeda Yoriaki , Watanabe Tomohiro , Kudo Masatoshi
Published: July 2020

IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura) affects various organs, including the skin, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, joints and kidneys. Its clinical course typically consists of two phases: initial appearance of purpura and delayed onset of arthralgia, GI symptoms and haematuria. We report the case of an adult patient with IgA vasculitis of the small bowel, without skin involvement, complicated by cytomegalovirus (CMV) enteritis following prednisolone administration. Single-balloon enteroscopy revealed mucosal oedema, redness, erosions and transverse ulcers of the duodenum and jejunum. Jejunal biopsy specimens showed IgA deposition in the capillary walls. CMV reactivation was confirmed by PCR and immunostaining using jejunal biopsy specimens. This case report strongly suggests that adult patients with IgA vasculitis can present with isolated GI involvement, without characteristic skin purpura. Furthermore, CMV reactivation needs to be considered in patients with IgA vasculitis showing poor response to glucocorticoids.
Comparative effectiveness of biological medicines in rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review and network meta-analysis including aggregate results from reanalysed individual patient data
Authors: Janke Kirsten , Biester Katharina , Krause Dietmar , Richter Bernd , Schürmann Christoph , Hirsch Katharina , Hörn Helmut , Kerekes Michaela Florina , Kohlepp Petra , Wieseler Beate
Published: July 2020

Objective

To assess the comparative effectiveness of biological medicines in rheumatoid arthritis in sufficiently similar patient populations, based on the current definitions of key outcomes.

Design

Systematic review and network meta-analysis including aggregate results from reanalysed individual patient data.

Data sources

Clinical study reports and aggregate results from reanalyses of individual patient data on key outcomes for rheumatoid arthritis provided by study sponsors for studies conducted up to 2017, and several databases and registries from inception up to February 2017.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

Randomised controlled trials investigating patient relevant outcomes in adults with rheumatoid arthritis treated with biological medicines in combination with methotrexate after methotrexate failure for at least 24 weeks.

Results

45 eligible trials were identified. Combining data from clinical study reports and aggregate results from reanalyses of individual patient data allowed extensive analyses yielding sufficiently similar populations and homogeneous study results for network meta-analyses, including up to 35 studies on eight biological medicines combined with methotrexate. These analyses showed few statistically significant differences between the combination treatments. For example, anakinra showed less benefit than almost all the other seven biological medicines regarding clinical remission or low disease activity (clinical disease activity index ≤2.8 or ≤10, respectively) and certolizumab pegol showed more harm than the other seven biological medicines regarding serious adverse events or infections. Some outcomes had very wide 95% confidence intervals, potentially implying unidentified differences between the eight biological medicines, but wide 95% confidence intervals were less prominent for low disease activity, serious adverse events, and infections. Owing to a lack of head-to-head trials, results were mainly based on indirect comparisons with a limited number of studies, and recently approved Janus kinase inhibitors could not be included.

Conclusions

For patients with rheumatoid arthritis after methotrexate failure, only minor differences in benefits and harms were seen between biological medicines in combination with methotrexate. However, the analysis was hampered by a lack of long term direct comparisons. The substantial information gain achieved by the reanalysis of individual patient data calls for the routine availability of individual patient data.
The role of the state government, civil society and programmes across sectors in stunting reduction in Chhattisgarh, India, 2006–2016
Authors: Kohli Neha , Nguyen Phuong H , Avula Rasmi , Menon Purnima
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Childhood stunting has declined in India between 2006 and 2016, but not uniformly across all states. Little is known about what helped some states accelerate progress while others did not. Insights on subnational drivers of progress are useful not just for India but for other decentralised policy contexts. Thus, we aimed to identify the factors that contributed to declines in childhood stunting (from 52.9% to 37.6%) between 2006 and 2016 in the state of Chhattisgarh, a subnational success story in stunting reduction in India.

Methods

We examined time trends in determinants of stunting using descriptive and regression decomposition analysis of National Family Health Survey data from 2005 to 2006 and 2015–2016. We reviewed nutrition-relevant policies and programmes associated with the drivers of change to construct a policy timeline. Finally, we interviewed multiple stakeholders in the state to understand the changes in the drivers of undernutrition.

Results

The regression decomposition analysis shows that multiple factors explain 66% of the change in stunting between 2006 and 2016. Improvements in three key drivers—health and nutrition services, household assets, and sanitation and hygiene—explained 47% of the change in stunting. A shared vision for impact, political stability and capable bureaucracy, state-level innovations, support from development partners and civil society, and community mobilisation were found to contribute to improvements in programmes for health, poverty and sanitation.

Conclusion

Change in multiple sectors is important for stunting reduction and can be achieved in subnational contexts. More work lies ahead to close gaps in various determinants of stunting.
How do patients and the public understand overtesting and overdiagnosis? A protocol for a thematic meta-synthesis of qualitative research
Authors: Rozbroj Tomas , Haas Romi , O’Connor Denise A , Thomas Rae , McCaffery Kirsten , Carter Stacy , Buchbinder Rachelle
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Examining patient and public understanding of overtesting and overdiagnosis (OverTD) is vital for reducing the burden of OverTD. Studies from disparate contexts, disciplines and focusing on disparate healthcare issues have examined patient and public understanding of OverTD. A synthesis is needed to bring this literature together, examine common themes, strengthen conclusions and identify gaps. This will help steer further research, policy and practice to improve patient and public understanding of OverTD. The objective of this study is to synthesise qualitative research data about patient and public understanding of OverTD.

Methods and analysis

A thematic meta-synthesis will be used to synthesise primary qualitative research and qualitative components of primary mixed-methods research about patient and public understanding of OverTD. Studies published in English will be included. These will be identified using systematic searches from inception to March 2020 in the Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO and MEDLINE databases. Studies that satisfy eligibility criteria will be assessed for methodological quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. Thematic meta-synthesis will comprise three stages: (1) line-by-line coding; (2) generation of descriptive themes and (3) generation of analytic themes. Confidence in the synthesis findings will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Confidence in Evidence (GRADE CERQual) approach. A summary of GRADE CERQual results will be presented alongside the key themes. Study eligibility screening, data extraction, analysis and the CASP and GRADE CERQual assessments will be undertaken independently by two review authors.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval is not required for this secondary analysis of published data. The results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and may be presented in conference papers and elsewhere.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020156838
Durable benefit from immunotherapy and accompanied lupus erythematosus in pancreatic adenocarcinoma with DNA repair deficiency
Authors: Pang Xionghao , Qian Juanjuan , Jin Hua , Zhang Lei , Lin Lin , Wang Yuli , Lei Yi , Zhou Zeqiang , Li Meixiang , Zhang Henghui
Published: July 2020

Background

Clinical trials showed limited benefit of anti-PD-1 (programmed cell death 1) monotherapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients and immune-related adverse events caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors were rarely reported in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Here, we report the first case of durable benefit along with systemic lupus erythematosus following immunotherapy in mismatch repair-proficient pancreatic cancer.

Case presentation

We describe a 57-year-old woman with resected stage ⅢB pancreatic cancer who underwent several lines of conventional chemotherapy after multiple lymph node metastases. When the disease progressed again, the patient received an off-label treatment with pembrolizumab (100 mg every 3 weeks). After four cycles of immunotherapy treatment, CA19-9 level rapidly decreased to normal and the lymph node metastases reduced dramatically in volume, demonstrating a partial response to the therapy by RECIST 1.1 criteria. She continued on pembrolizumab and a total of eight cycles of administration she had received. Her lesions showed consistent reduction in size even when the medication had been stopped. Actually the patient experienced durable benefit from anti-PD-1 therapy for more than 4 years and she is still in good condition without tumor relapses to date. Besides, she was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus 2 months after the last dose of pembrolizumab. Molecular profiling identified two deleteriousPALB2alterations including a germline mutation (PALB2c.3114–1G>A) and a somatic mutation (PALB2c.2514+1G>C) in this patient, suggesting the potential of DNA homologous recombination deficiency. Multiplex immunohistochemistry and RNA-seq results revealed a brisk immune cell infiltration in her resected primary lesion. Additionally, humanleukocyte antigen (HLA) typing assay identified two previously reported systemic lupus erythematosus risk alleles HLA-DRB1*15:01 and HLA-DQB1*06:02 in this patient.

Conclusions

The deleterious mutations ofPALB2closely related to homologous recombination deficiency or alterations of DNA damage response and repair genes might be promising biomarkers for predicting efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Genetic correlation behind immunotherapy-induced systemic lupus erythematosus and associated mechanism remain to be elucidated.
Insulation covers with capillary barrier effects to control sulfide oxidation in the Arctic
Authors: Boulanger-Martel Vincent , Bussière Bruno , Côté Jean
Published: July 2020

Insulation covers can be used for the reclamation of tailings storage facilities located in the Arctic. However, this approach can be vulnerable to changes in climatic conditions as its long-term performance is based strictly on controlling the temperature of tailings. A more robust alternative could be the use of insulation covers with capillary barrier effects because they control both the tailings temperature and oxygen flux. This study assesses the potential for an insulation cover with capillary barrier effects using laboratory tests and a field experimental cell. Material characterization indicated that the fine-grained compacted waste rock is a suitable material for constructing a moisture-retaining layer. A 2 m thick field experimental cell was constructed in which temperatures and unfrozen volumetric water contents were monitored for 3.5 years. Results showed thaw depths periodically reaching the reactive tailings and temperatures at the tailings–cover interface greater than 0 °C for 39–57 days each year. The degree of saturation in the moisture-retaining layer was almost always greater than 80%–85% when temperatures at the tailings–cover interface exceeded 0 °C. Yearly oxygen fluxes passing through the moisture-retaining layer were calculated to be less than 2 mol/m2/year, thus confirming the effectiveness of the cover as an oxygen barrier.
Re–Os dating of pyrite and mineral chemistry of magnetite from the Yamansu Fe deposit, Xinjiang, northwestern China
Authors: Sun Zhi-yuan , Wang Jing-bin , Wang Yu-wang , Long Ling-li , Luo Zhao-hua
Published: July 2020

The Yamansu iron deposit, hosted in submarine volcanic rocks, is located in the Aqishan–Yamansu Fe–Cu metallogenic belt of eastern Tianshan, Xinjiang. New pyrite Re–Os and pyroxene diorite intrusion ages and the chemistry of magnetite constrain the origin of the deposit. The Yamansu orebodies display banded or lenticular forms and sharp contacts with marble and garnet skarn. Pyrite associated with magnetite from hydrothermal massive ores has a Re–Os isochron age of 320.3 ± 9.1 Ma, which is consistent with the Carboniferous age of volcanic rocks. However, the pyroxene diorite age (252.1 ± 3.7 Ma) is obviously younger than the mineralization age, implying no temporal relationship between mineralization and intrusion. Magnetite samples from different ores in the Yamansu deposit are suggested to have a magmatic–hydrothermal origin. The magmatic primary magnetite is rich in TiO2 and poor in SiO2, MgO, and CaO, similar to magnetite from Kiruna type deposits. The hydrothermal magnetite is rich in FeO, CaO, and SiO2 but poor in TiO2 and shows oscillatory zoning. Moreover, magmatic and hydrothermal magnetite samples show different characteristic normalized rare earth element and trace element patterns. A combination of ore fabrics, discrimination diagrams, and normalized patterns for magnetite samples can reflect the magmatic–hydrothermal process. The Yamansu iron deposit is spatially and temporally associated with Carboniferous volcanism, and we propose that the magmatic magnetite ores were derived from iron-rich melt through melt immiscibility. The residual iron-rich magma ascended and erupted along with hydrothermal activity; then moderate to large amounts of hydrothermal massive, banded, or disseminated magnetite formed with skarns.
Upper Paleozoic stratigraphy and detrital zircon geochronology along the northwest margin of the Sverdrup Basin, Arctic Canada: insight into the paleogeographic and tectonic evolution of Crockerland
Authors: Galloway Bradley J. , Dewing Keith , Beauchamp Benoit , Matthews William
Published: July 2020

The upper Paleozoic succession along the northwest margin of the Canadian Arctic Sverdrup Basin is little studied and poorly understood yet has the potential to yield insights into the paleogeographic and tectonic evolution of the Arctic regions including Crockerland. Carboniferous and Permian drill cuttings were collected from five exploration wells on Brock, Mackenzie King, and Ellef Ringnes islands. Seven unconformity-bounded sequences were identified and correlated. Reflection seismic interpreted on Ellef Ringnes Island indicates that a major syn-sedimentary fault offsets the Mississippian succession bounding a down-to-the-north half-graben. Late Pennsylvanian (Gzhelian) fault reactivation, associated with the Melvillian Disturbance, created a depression that extended northward and was bordered to the south by a structural high. Episodic minor fault reactivation occurred until the Early–Middle Permian boundary. During the latest Early Permian (Kungurian), sand derived from Crockerland prograded southward onto the Sverdrup Basin’s northwest margin and continued into the Roadian. After a lull during the Wordian, clastic progradation resumed in the Capitanian. Detrital zircon U–Pb ages recovered from Kungurian and Roadian samples on Brock and Ellef Ringnes islands display Devonian Clastic Wedge (DCW) signatures. A Moscovian–Artinskian carbonate blanket likely covered Crockerland and sheltered DCW material from erosion, implying it was a subsiding, carbonate bank throughout most of the Pennsylvanian – Early Permian. Base level fall in the Kungurian, associated with a transition to a more humid climate, breached these carbonate rocks to allow erosion and transportation of DCW material. Recycling of the DCW started earlier (Artinskian) and peaked later (Wordian) along the southern margin of the basin.
Trijets in $$k_\mathrm{T}$$-factorisation: matrix elements vs parton shower
Authors: Van Haevermaet H. , Van Hameren A. , Kotko P. , Kutak K. , Van Mechelen P.
Published: July 2020

We study 3-jet event topologies in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $$\sqrt{s} = 13 \mathrm{\ TeV}$$s=13TeV in a configuration, where one jet is present in the central pseudorapidity region ($$|\eta | < 2.0$$|η|<2.0) while two other jets are in a more forward (same hemisphere) area ($$|\eta | > 2.0$$|η|>2.0). We compare various parton level predictions using: collinear factorisation, $$k_\mathrm{T}$$kT-factorisation with fully off-shell matrix elements and the hybrid framework. We study the influence of different parton distribution functions, initial state radiation, final state radiation, and hadronisation. We focus on differential cross sections as a function of azimuthal angle difference between the leading dijet system and the third jet, which is found to have excellent sensitivity to the physical effects under study.
On the electronic structure of methyl butyrate and methyl valerate
Authors: Śmiałek Małgorzata A. , Duflot Denis , Jones Nykola C. , Hoffmann Søren Vrønning , Zuin Lucia , Macdonald Michael , Mason Nigel J. , Limão-Vieira Paulo
Published: July 2020

We present novel results of the analysis of the electronic structure of two aliphatic esters: methyl butyrate and methyl valerate. High-resolution photoabsorption spectra were collected and analyzed over the energy range 4.0–10.8 eV and showed for both the molecules not only a clear band of the HOMO to LUMO transition, but also vibronic structure associated with the first Rydberg-valence transition. Photoelectron spectra recorded from 9 to over 28 eV revealed many ionization states with the first adiabatic ionization energies found to be 9.977 eV and 9.959 eV for methyl butyrate and methyl valerate, respectively. Ab initio calculations have been performed in order to help assign the photoabsorption and photoelectron features. Photolysis life times in the atmosphere were calculated revealing that photolysis is not competitive over hydroxyl radical scavenging in the process of removal of these esters from the atmosphere.

Graphical abstract
Design of Low Power Half Select Free 10T Static Random-Access Memory Cell
Authors: Sachdeva Ashish , Tomar V. K.
Published: July 2020

This paper presents a circuit-level technique of designing a low power and half select free 10T Static Random-Access Memory Cell (SRAM). The proposed cell works with single end read operation and differential write operation. The proposed bit-cell is free from half select issue and supports bit interleaving format. The presented 10T cell exhibits 40.75% lower read power consumption in comparison to conventional 6T SRAM cell, attributed to reduction of activity factor during read operation. The loop cutting transistors used in core latch improve write signal-to-noise margin (WSNM) by 14.94% and read decoupled structure improve read signal-to-noise margin (RSNM) by [Formula: see text] as compared to conventional 6T SRAM. In the proposed work, variability analysis of significant design parameters such as read current, stand-by SNM, and read power of the projected 10T SRAM cell is presented and compared with considered topologies. Mean value of hold static noise margin of the cell for 3000 samples is [Formula: see text] times higher than the considered D2p11T cell. The proposed 10T cell shows [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] narrower read access time and write access time, respectively, as compared to conventional 6T SRAM cell. Read current to bit-line leakage current ratio of the proposed 10T cell has been investigated and is improved by [Formula: see text] as compared to conventional 6T SRAM cell. The write power delay product and read power delay product of the proposed 10T cell are [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] lower than conventional 6T SRAM cell. In this work, cadence virtuoso tool with Generic Process Design Kit (GPDK) 45[Formula: see text]nm technology file has been utilized to carry out simulations.
Some remarks on the chord index
Authors: Cheng Zhiyun , Gao Hongzhu , Xu Mengjian
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we discuss how to define a chord index via smoothing a real crossing point of a virtual knot diagram. Several polynomial invariants of virtual knots and links can be recovered from this general construction. We also explain how to extend this construction from virtual knots to flat virtual knots.
Some remarks on twin groups
Authors: Naik Tushar K. , Nanda Neha , Singh Mahender
Published: July 2020

The twin group [Formula: see text] is a right angled Coxeter group generated by [Formula: see text] involutions and having only far commutativity relations. These groups can be thought of as planar analogues of Artin braid groups. In this paper, we study some properties of twin groups whose analogues are well known for Artin braid groups. We give an algorithm for two twins to be equivalent under individual Markov moves. Further, we show that twin groups [Formula: see text] have [Formula: see text]-property and are not co-Hopfian for [Formula: see text].
An infinite family of braid group representations in automorphism groups of free groups
Authors: Chang Wonjun , Kim Byung Chun , Song Yongjin
Published: July 2020

The [Formula: see text]-fold ([Formula: see text]) branched coverings on a disk give an infinite family of nongeometric embeddings of braid groups into mapping class groups. We, in this paper, give new explicit expressions of these braid group representations into automorphism groups of free groups in terms of the actions on the generators of free groups. We also give a systematic way of constructing and expressing these braid group representations in terms of a new gadget, called covering groupoid. We prove that each generator [Formula: see text] of braid group inside mapping class group induced by [Formula: see text]-fold covering is the product of [Formula: see text] Dehn twists on the surface.
Compact scalar field solutions in EiBI gravity
Authors: Afonso Victor I.
Published: July 2020

We discuss exact scalar field solutions describing gravitating compact objects in the Eddington-inspired Born–Infeld (EiBI) gravity, a member of the class of (metric-affine formulated) Ricci-based gravity (RBG) theories. We include a detailed account of the RBGs/GR correspondence exploited to analytically solve the field equations. The single parameter [Formula: see text] of the EiBI model defines two branches for the solution. The [Formula: see text] branch may be described as a “shell with no interior”, and constitutes an ill-defined, geodesically incomplete spacetime. The more interesting [Formula: see text] branch admits the interpretation of a “wormhole membrane”, an exotic horizonless compact object with the ability to transfer particles and light from any point on its surface (located slightly below the would-be Schwarzschild radius) to its antipodal point, in a vanishing fraction of proper time. This is a single example illustrating how the structural modifications introduced by the metric-affine formulation may lead to significant departures from General relativity (GR) even at astrophysically relevant scales, giving rise to physically plausible objects radically different from those we are used to think of in the metric approach, and that could act as a black hole mimickers whose shadows might present distinguishable signals.
Quintessence and tachyon dark energy in interaction with dark matter: Observational constraints and model selection
Authors: Micheletti Sandro M. R.
Published: July 2020

We derive two field theory models of interacting dark energy, one in which dark energy is associated with the quintessence and another in which it is associated with the tachyon. In both, instead of choosing arbitrarily the potential of scalar fields, these are specified implicitly by imposing that the dark energy fields must behave as the new agegraphic dark energy. The resulting models are compared with the Pantheon supernovae sample, CMB distance information from Planck 2015 data, baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAO) and Hubble parameter data. For comparison, the noninteracting case and the [Formula: see text] model also are considered. By use of the AIC and BIC criteria, we have obtained strong evidence in favor of the two interacting models, and the coupling constants are nonvanishing at more than [Formula: see text] confidence level.
Shell model study of nuclear structure in 63,65,67Ga
Authors: Ghosh U. S. , Mukherjee B. , Rai S.
Published: July 2020

Shell model calculations have been performed in [Formula: see text] model space using two different interactions viz. jj44bpn and jun45pn to explore nuclear structure in [Formula: see text]Ga. Calculated excitation energies are compared with previously reported experimental values and a good agreement has been observed. Transitions strengths are also calculated using two sets of effective charges for proton and neutron and are compared with nearby [Formula: see text]Zn isotopes. Occupation probabilities of protons and neutrons corresponding to individual orbitals (namely [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] orbital), and dominant particle configurations for individual spin states have been presented as well. Calculations suggest major role of intruder [Formula: see text] orbital in constructing the wave functions of higher angular momentum states, whereas, the lower excited states are mainly dominated by contributions from [Formula: see text] orbitals.
Algorithmic and HCI Aspects for Explaining Recommendations of Artistic Images
Authors: Dominguez Vicente , Donoso-Guzmán Ivania , Messina Pablo , Parra Denis
Published: July 2020

Explaining suggestions made by recommendation systems is key to make users trust and accept these systems. This is specially critical in areas such as art image recommendation. Traditionally, artworks are sold in galleries where people can see them physically, and artists have the chance to persuade the people into buying them. On the other side, online art stores only offer the user the action of navigating through the catalog, but nobody plays the persuading role of the artist. Moreover, few works in recommendation systems provide a perspective of the many variables involved in the user perception of several aspects of the system such as domain knowledge, relevance, explainability, and trust. In this article, we aim to fill this gap by studying several aspects of the user experience with a recommender system of artistic images, from algorithmic and HCI perspectives. We conducted two user studies in Amazon Mechanical Turk to evaluate different levels of explainability, combined with different algorithms. While in study 1 we focus only on a desktop interface, in study 2 we attempt to understand the effect of explanations in mobile devices.

In general, our experiments confirm that explanations of recommendations in the image domain are useful and increase user satisfaction, perception of explainability and relevance. In the first study, our results show that the observed effects are dependent on the underlying recommendation algorithm used. In the second study, our results show that these effects are also dependent of the device used in the study but with a smaller effect. Finally, using the framework by Knijnenburg et al., we provide a comprehensive model, for each study, which synthesizes the effects between different variables involved in the user experience with explainable visual recommender systems of artistic images.
On the Language of Nested Tuple Generating Dependencies
Authors: Kolaitis Phokion G. , Pichler Reinhard , Sallinger Emanuel , Savenkov Vadim
Published: July 2020

During the past 15 years, schema mappings have been extensively used in formalizing and studying such critical data interoperability tasks as data exchange and data integration. Much of the work has focused on GLAV mappings, i.e., schema mappings specified by source-to-target tuple-generating dependencies (s-t tgds), and on schema mappings specified by second-order tgds (SO tgds), which constitute the closure of GLAV mappings under composition. In addition, nested GLAV mappings have also been considered, i.e., schema mappings specified by nested tgds, which have expressive power intermediate between s-t tgds and SO tgds. Even though nested GLAV mappings have been used in data exchange systems, such as IBM’s Clio, no systematic investigation of this class of schema mappings has been carried out so far. In this article, we embark on such an investigation by focusing on the basic reasoning tasks, algorithmic problems, and structural properties of nested GLAV mappings. One of our main results is the decidability of the implication problem for nested tgds. We also analyze the structure of the core of universal solutions with respect to nested GLAV mappings and develop useful tools for telling apart SO tgds from nested tgds. By discovering deeper structural properties of nested GLAV mappings, we show that also the following problem is decidable: Given a nested GLAV mapping, is it logically equivalent to a GLAV mapping?