bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation and NOx Reduction Performance of Ag-Ni-TiO2/Cordierite Catalyst for HC-SCR System
Authors: Özarslan Himmet
Published: July 2024

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology in diesel engines is an exhaust after treatment system used for abatement of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. In order to synthesize Ag-Ni-TiO2/Cordierite catalyst in the conducted study, a solution including silver nitrate (AgNO3), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and nickel (II) nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO3)2·6H2O) were used in the coating of the cordierite (2Al2O3-5SiO2-2MgO) main carrier structure. The prepared catalyst was characterized for morphological characteristics via scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The NOx reduction measurements as catalytic was carried out at 20 °C intervals in the temperature range from 190 to 270°C at 1 kW and 3 kW motor loads and under 30000 h−1 space velocity (SV). Ethanol was used as a reductant during the experiments. As a results of the measurements, it was seen that the Ag-Ni-TiO2/Cordierite catalyst exhibited a good NOx conversion efficiency with 93.8 % at 270°C at 3 kW.
Direitos humanos, migração e situação de rua: os Warao em Natal/RN
Authors: Nobre Maria Teresa , Lima Oliveira Pedro Levi , Maia de Medeiros Mariana
Published: July 2024

O artigo discute a migração de indígenas venezuelanos Warao para o Rio Grande do Norte, assentados em Natal e as políticas públicas que os atendem. Nele, apresentamos os serviços da rede socioassistencial e de direitos humanos voltados a este público, suas necessidades, demandas e o impacto sobre a população em situação de rua local. Foram usados como instrumentos metodológicos: questionários via plataforma google forms e entrevistas com profissionais da rede e com um representante do Movimento da População de Rua (MNPR/RN). Entre as demandas e necessidades dos Warao, destacam-se: a busca por trabalho, emprego e renda; cuidados com a saúde; regularização de documentos e outras questões junto à Justiça brasileira; inserção escolar; aprendizagem da língua portuguesa; obtenção de visto de permanência e preservação de suas práticas culturais. É notória a aproximação entre os Warao e pessoas em situação de rua quanto às violações ou não reconhecimento de direitos. Entretanto, ambas as populações necessitam de políticas públicas específicas. É preciso dar contorno a esses fenômenos populacionais, relacionados ao território e como habitá-lo, observando as diretrizes constitucionais de princípios de soberania, cidadania e dignidade da pessoa humana, que devem ser solo comum para pensar toda e qualquer abordagem às questões sociais.
A vulnerabilidade do direito à moradia e o Poder Judiciário: o caso de Goiânia
Authors: Coelho Maiume Suzue , Melgaço Barbosa Ycarim
Published: July 2024

Este artigo objetivou investigar como o Poder Judiciário do estado de Goiás decide os processos litigiosos que atingem o direito à moradia, no âmbito das ações envolvendo o município de Goiânia. Para tanto, procedeu-se à revisão de literatura e à pesquisa documental acerca de processos judiciais. Inicialmente, foram apresentados o conceito e o histórico do direito à moradia. Com relação ao Direito Internacional, tomou-se como base a Declaração Universal de Direitos Humanos; e, no plano interno, abordou-se, em especial, o artigo 6º da Constituição de 1988. Após, tratou-se da função jurisdicional e da estrutura do Poder Judiciário do estado de Goiás e, também, do direito à propriedade. Por fim, foram analisadas 55 ações e o conteúdo das suas decisões judiciais. Dentre os autores utilizados no presente trabalho, destacaram-se: David Harvey, que aborda a expansão capitalista no meio urbano, e Ermínia Maricato, que investiga a desigualdade social no território urbano. Como resultado alcançado, este artigo verificou a vulnerabilidade do direito à moradia frente à propriedade, mesmo após duas décadas da inclusão daquela como direito fundamental.
Decolonialidade ambiental para a conservação da sociobiodiversidade
Authors: de Oliveira Adão Clara
Published: July 2024

O trabalho aborda a conservação da sociobiodiversidade no Brasil e a necessidade de analisar o sistema de áreas protegidas, em respeito às peculiaridades do país. Partimos de uma perspectiva decolonial, cujo referencial teórico escolhido é majoritariamente latino-americano. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é discutir os meios para uma decolonialidade ambiental na conservação da sociobiodiversidade no Brasil. Os objetivos específicos são a discussão acerca da conservação da biodiversidade do Brasil e seu modelo atual; a abordagem sobre o histórico da exclusão territorial e o ideal de paraíso colonial. Foi feita a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com um caráter exploratório. A pesquisa aponta para a necessidade de reformular o Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação com relação à categoria de proteção integral, para adequar à realidade brasileira e assegurar os direitos socioculturais povos e comunidades indígenas, tradicionais e quilombolas, uma vez que a manutenção de lugares supostamente intocados destoa da realidade socio-territorial do país e corresponde a uma categoria norte-americana e europeia de conservação da biodiversidade.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1,2,3-Triazole Appended Benzothiazinone Derivatives via Click Chemistry
Authors: Akolkar Satish V. , Shaikh Mubarak H. , Nagargoje Amol A. , Sangshetti Jaiprakash N. , Damale Manoj G. , Shingate Bapurao B.
Published: July 2024

:

We have created novel 1,2,3-triazole-based benzothiazinone derivatives in the
current work. The produced compounds' in vitro antioxidant, antifungal, and antitubercular
properties were assessed. Moreover, a simulated molecular docking analysis was conducted
on the cytochrome P450 lanosterol 14α-demethylase active site to elucidate the enzyme's
binding affinity and interactions with synthesised benzothiazinone derivatives. A notable
correlation between these compounds' antifungal activity and binding score was indicated
by molecular docking data. The synthetic 1,2,3-triazole-based benzothiazinone derivatives
may satisfy the structural criteria for creating novel antifungal drugs, according to the results
of the in vitro and in silico investigations.
Nanosponges–Road Less Explored Changing Drug Delivery Approach: An
Explicative Review
Authors: Nandi Shankhadip , Karati Dipanjan , Mukherjee Swarupananda
Published: July 2024

Nanotechnology exhibits a wide range of applications in the domain of disease therapy, diagnosis, biological detection, and environmental safeguards. The cross-linked polymeric
nanosponges (NSs) are a nanoscale drug carrier system with a 3D porous structure and high entrapment efficacy. NSs up to the fourth generation are currently accessible and can serve as a
delivery system for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. The delivery system exhibits superiority over alternative methods due to its ability to achieve controlled and targeted drug delivery. The colloidal structure of NSs facilitates the encapsulation of a wide range of agents such as
proteins and peptides, enzymes, antineoplastic drugs, volatile oil, vaccines, DNA, etc. NSs efficiently overcome the challenges associated with drug toxicity and poor aqueous solubility. NS
formulations have been explored for various applications like gaseous encapsulation, enzyme
immobilization, antifungal therapy, poison absorbent, water purification, etc. This review provides a comprehensive analysis regarding methods of synthesis, distinct polymeric NSs, mechanism of drug release, factors affecting NS development, applications, and patents filed in the
field of NSs. Herein, the recently developed NS formulations, their potential in cancer therapy,
and current progressions of NS for SARS-CoV-2 management are also deliberated with special
attention, focusing on the significant challenges and future directions.
Simultaneous Determination of Glycerol and Carbohydrates in Sweat by
Capillary Electrophoresis with Amperometric Detection
Authors: Jiang Zhe , Zhao Jinlei , Wang Xing , Lu Jianzhong , Chen Gang
Published: July 2024

Background:

Glycerol, sucrose, lactose, glucose, and fructose are important biomarkers
in human sweat because their contents can reflect physiological status and health conditions. It is of
high importance to determine them in sweat for health monitoring, disease diagnosis, physical training, etc.

Aim:

The aim of this work is to develop a method based on capillary electrophoresis and amperometric detection for the simultaneous determination of glycerol and carbohydrates in sweat.

Objective:

A capillary electrophoretic method based on pipette-tip-based detection electrodes and
micro-injectors was developed for the simultaneous determination of glycerol, sucrose, lactose, glucose, and fructose in sweat samples

Method:

Sweat samples diluted in the background electrolyte of 75 mM NaOH aqueous solution
were electrokinetically introduced into a piece of separation capillary via pipette tip-based microinjectors. Glycerol, sucrose, lactose, glucose, and fructose were determined by capillary electrophoresis in combination with a pipette-tip-based copper electrode.

Results:

At a DC voltage of 12 kV, the capillary electrophoretic separation of the five analytes could
be achieved in less than 11 min in a piece of 40 cm long fused silica capillary containing 75 mM
NaOH aqueous solution. Linearity was observed between the currents and concentrations, with the
limits of detection ranging from 0.21 to 0.72 µM at a detection potential of 0.65 V. Glycerol, sucrose, lactose, glucose, and fructose in sweat samples were positively identified and accurately
measured.

Conclusion:

The method was successfully applied in the simultaneous determination of glycerol and
carbohydrates in sweat samples with satisfactory assay results. It will find a wide range of applications in clinical diagnosis, health monitoring, and drug and food analysis.
Effect of PCBs on Production Characteristics and Fucoxanthin / Fatty Acid Content of Cylindrotheca closterium (Ehrenberg) Reimann et Lewin
Diatom Enrichment Culture
Authors: Ludmila Malakhova , Ruslan Gevorgiz , Zheleznova Svetlana
Published: July 2024

Background:

Since the mid-20th century, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have
emerged as one of the foremost anthropogenic organic pollutants in aquatic environments. Microphytobenthic
algae of the genus Cylindrotheca have been recurrently employed in laboratory experiments
to assess sediment toxicity. Recently, a novel strain of benthic diatoms belonging to the genus
Cylindrotheca has been identified and characterized from PCB-contaminated sediments in the
coastal region of Sevastopol Bay (Black Sea). This species of algae has high biomass productivity,
the ability to synthesize fucoxanthin, and a variety of fatty acids. Cylindrotheca closterium is capable
of metabolizing organic pollutants in bottom sediments.

Objective:

The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of PCBs on the growth patterns
and physiological responses of C. closterium through a 9-day experiment, subjecting the microalgae
to varying concentrations of PCBs ranging from 0.0003 to 100 mg/L.

Results:

The experiments revealed that C. closterium could grow in environments containing concentrations
of PCBs ranging from 0.0003 to 10 mg/L, indicating its resilience to moderate levels of
PCB exposure. Additionally, adaptive biochemical processes were observed in C. closterium under
PCB exposure. Notably, on the sixth day of the experiment, the culture transitioned into a stationary
growth phase, accompanied by significant increases in total lipid content by 1.6 times and fucoxanthin
by 4.6 times compared to the control. However, a pronounced decrease in culture growth was
observed at a PCB concentration of 100 mg/L, coinciding with reductions in total lipid and fucoxanthin
content, suggesting a tolerance threshold of C. closterium between 10 and 100 mg/L PCB concentrations.
Furthermore, alterations in the fatty acid profile of C. closterium were noted, characterized
by a decrease in polyene content and an increase in monoene fatty acids, under PCB exposure.

Conclusion:

The study underscores the resilience of C. closterium to moderate PCB concentrations
and highlights the complex physiological responses and adaptive mechanisms initiated in response to
PCB exposure. The findings contribute to understanding the toxic effects of PCBs on C. closterium
and provide insights into potential mechanisms underlying these effects.
Progresses and Developments in Chitosan-based Materials and its Derivatives for Biomedical and Biosensing Applications
Authors: Vosoughi Pegah , Naghib Seyed Morteza , Mozafari M. R.
Published: July 2024

This extensive review highlights the different techniques used to extract chitosan, its antibacterial
characteristics, and its wide range of applications across various industries. Thanks to its
exceptional solubility and notable chemical and biological properties, it has been used in several
applications. It is biodegradable, and biocompatible, and has numerous reactive amino side groups
that enable chemical modification and the development of various practical derivatives. Several academic
publications have extensively covered many characteristics of chitosan and its applications in
different industries, such as medicine. Chitosan can impart different functions in multiple fields, such
as antibacterial, antiviral, and other biological features. Chitosan has various applications across
various industries. Due to its exceptional solubility and significant chemical and biological properties,
it has been utilized in numerous applications. Chitosan is biodegradable and biocompatible, and
its multiple reactive amino side groups enable chemical modification and the development of various
practical derivatives. Chitosan can provide different functions in numerous fields, such as antibacterial,
antiviral, and other biological features. This review primarily focuses on chitosan's sources and
extraction methods, providing an up-to-date overview of its properties. Additionally, the review
highlights the diverse applications of chitosan, whether in its original state or modified and incorporated
into nanocomposites, in various fields, making it a highly versatile and commonly used material
in the biomedical industry.
Examining the Synergic Effect of Exosomes Derived from Mouse Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Low-frequency Electromagnetic Field on Chondrogenic Differentiation
Authors: Lotfi Maryam , Baharara Javad , Nejad Shahrokhabadi Khadije , Khorshid Pejman
Published: July 2024

Background:

Cartilage has intrinsically limited healing power, and regeneration of cartilage
damages has remained a challenge. Secreted products of mesenchymal stem cells have
shown a new therapeutic strategies for cartilage injuries. Also it has been observed that low frequency
electromagnetic field plays a key role in biological processes.

Objective:

This research was performed to investigate the synergic effect of mesenchymal stem
cell-derived exosomes and low frequency electromagnetic field on chondrogenic differentiation.

Methods:

In this in vitro study, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes were identified using
AFM, SEM, TEM microscopy, and DLS method. Cells were treated in chondrogenic medium by
exosomes, low frequency electromagnetic field, and the synergy of both. The cell survival was examined
using MTT and Annexin methods, and cartilage differentiation was confirmed by Alcian
blue staining. The expression of Sox-9, Acan, Col 2a1 and Col 10a1 genes was examined via Real-
Time PCR technique on day 14 post-treatment.

Results:

The results confirmed the presence of exosomes with an approximate size of less than
100 nm. The results of Alcian blue revealed greater expression of glycosaminoglycans in the synergic
treatment group compared to the other groups. Real-time PCR showed a significant increase
in the expression of Sox-9, Acan, and Col 2a1 genes, as well as a significant reduction of Col
10a1 gene expression in the synergic treatment group compared to other groups.

Conclusion:

This study indicated that the synergic effect of exosome and low-frequency electromagnetic
fields would lead to enhanced chondrogenic differentiation, which can be further explored
in future clinical studies
MFTP-Tool: A Wide & Deep Learning Framework for Multi-Functional Therapeutic Peptides Prediction
Authors: Lv Yang , Liu Ting , Ma Yuchen , Lyu Hongqiang , Liu Ze
Published: July 2024

Background:

The identification and functional prediction of Multifunctional Therapeutic
Peptides (MFTP) play a pivotal role in drug discovery, particularly for conditions such as inflammation
and hyperglycemia. Current computational methods exhibit limitations in their ability to accurately
predict the multifunctionality of these peptides.

Methods:

We propose a novel Wide and Deep Learning Framework that integrates both deep learning
and machine learning approaches. The deep learning segment processes word vectors using a
neural network model, while the wide segment utilizes the physicochemical properties of peptides in
a random forest-based model. This hybrid approach aims to enhance the accuracy of MFTP function
prediction.

Results:

Our framework outperformed the existing PrMFTP predictor in terms of precision, coverage,
accuracy, and absolute true values. The evaluation was conducted on both training and independent
testing datasets, demonstrating the robustness and generalizability of our model.

Conclusion:

The proposed Wide & Deep Learning Framework offers a significant advancement in
the computational prediction of MFTP functions. The availability of our model through a userfriendly
web interface at MFTP-Tool.m6aminer.cn provides a valuable tool for researchers in the
field of therapeutic peptide-based drug discovery, potentially accelerating the development of new
treatments.
The Role of the GH Receptor Polymorphisms as a Prognostic Factor of
Vertebral Fractures in Acromegalic Patients Resistant to First-generation
SSAs and Treated with Pegvisomant or Pasireotide LAR
Authors: Costanza Flavia , Chiloiro Sabrina , Giampietro Antonella , Angelini Flavia , Infante Amato , Pontecorvi Alfredo , De Marinis Laura , Bianchi Antonio
Published: July 2024

Background:

Acromegaly is associated with skeletal fragility and increased prevalence
of vertebral fractures (VF). Two isoforms of GH receptor (GHR) have been described,
which differ in the presence or absence of a transcript of exon 3 of the GHR gene. Both
isoforms produce a functional receptor, but the exon 3-deleted isoforms (d3-GHR) have greater
sensitivity to endogenous and recombinant GH than the full-length isoform (fl-GHR).

Objective:

We conducted a longitudinal, retrospective, observational, single-center study to investigate
the role of GHR polymorphism as a prognostic factor of incidental VF (I-VF) in firstgeneration
somatostatin analogs (fg-SSAs)-resistant acromegalic patients and treated with
Pegvisomant or Pasireotide LAR.

Methods:

Seventy-two patients with active acromegaly were included: 28 patients carried the
d3-GHR isoform, and 44 patients carried the fl-GHR isoform. Forty-six patients were treated
with Pegvisomant in combination with fg-SSAs, and 26 were treated with Pasireotide LAR. At
the last follow-up, 58 patients achieved biochemical control of acromegaly. Eighteen patients
carried prevalent VF (P-VFs), while 14 patients experienced the occurrence of I-VFs.

Results:

From the group treated with Pegvisomant in combination with fg-SSAs, 32 patients
carried the fl-GHR isoform, and 14 carried the d3-GHR isoform. From the group treated with
Pasireotide LAR, 12 patients had the fl-GHR isoform, and 14 patients carried the d3-GHR isoform.
I-VF occurred more frequently in patients with the fl-GHR isoform compared to d3-GHR
(p =0.04); otherwise, I-VF occurred more frequently in patients with the d3-GHR isoform than
fl-GHR (p =0.01).

Conclusion:

The GHR polymorphisms could improve the therapeutic approach in acromegaly,
tailored to the individual patient, in the context of personalized medicine.
Enhancing Classification of Alzheimer’s Disease using Spatial Attention Mechanism
Authors: Krishnan Deepa , Bishnoi Akshat , Bansal Shaivi , Ravi Vinayakumar , Ravi Pradeep
Published: July 2024

Aim

This study aims to enhance the precision of Alzheimer's disease (AD) detection by integrating Spatial Attention Mechanism into a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture.

Background

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal protein deposits in the brain, leading to nerve cell loss and posing a significant global health challenge. Early and accurate detection is crucial for disease management and treatment due to the lack of a cure and the disease's severe progression.

Objective

The objective of this research is to improve the accuracy of Alzheimer's disease classification using MRI data by implementing a Spatial Attention Mechanism in a CNN architecture.

Methods

The study utilized T1-weighted MRI data from the OASIS 1 and OASIS 2 datasets. The key innovation is the Spatial Attention layer incorporated within a CNN model, which computes the average of each channel in the input feature map. This layer guides subsequent layers to focus on critical brain regions, enhancing the model's accuracy in differentiating between Alzheimer's disease stages.

Results

The model achieved a validation accuracy of 99.69% with a sensitivity and specificity of 1.0000, demonstrating its reliability in distinguishing between different stages of Alzheimer's disease. The adaptability of the Spatial Attention layer allows the model to assign higher weights to crucial brain regions, improving its discriminative power.

Conclusion

The integration of the Spatial Attention Mechanism into the CNN architecture significantly contributes to the early detection of Alzheimer's disease, enabling timely interventions. This innovative approach has the potential to revolutionize Alzheimer's diagnosis by enhancing accuracy and offering a robust solution for classification.
Dynamic Flow Algorithm with Intermediate Storage for Emergency Evacuation Allowing Lane Reversal based on Incomplete Intuitionistic Fuzzy Preference Relation
Authors: Gerasimenko Evgeniya
Published: July 2024

Background

Evacuation in case of disasters is of the greatest importance because of significant occurrences of natural and artificial disasters worldwide, which is why a reliable evacuation plan is always needed. However, evacuation models are difficult to develop due to various uncertain aspects that need to be considered, multiple and often conflicting criteria for evaluation and as lack of expertise regarding a specific preference of alternatives.

Objective

This study aims to transport the maximum number of evacuees in a dynamic network with lane reversal by a safe pattern of transportation, i.e., allowing storage at intermediate nodes. The optimal order of shelters and intermediate nodes for a reliable evacuation plan will be defined by incomplete intuitionistic fuzzy preference relation.

Methods

The illustrated method incorporates multiple and often conflicting criteria into a process of emergency decision-making. When evaluating evacuation alternatives, a decision-maker may hesitate and be unsure which alternative is better or not have sufficient expertise to evaluate a pair of alternatives. To model uncertainty and hesitation, intuitionistic fuzzy values are used to describe alternatives in more detail. This study relies on flow models and graph theory to simulate the movement of evacuees to safe destinations. Furthermore, fuzzy methods and their recent modifications are applied to determine the effective priority order of shelters. A case study which simulates the evacuation of aggrieved to safe destinations is presented.

Results

A method of evaluating the shelters and intermediate nodes for evacuation based on incomplete intuitionistic fuzzy preference relation is proposed. The method allows the missed values of experts’ assessments to be filled in regarding the evacuation alternatives and deals with intuitionistic fuzzy values, which describe experts’ hesitation. The dynamic character of flow distribution enables transit arc capacities and time factors to be processed. The contraflow technique, which is a powerful tool to decrease traffic jams and congestion on roads by reversing the movement along the unused segments, is applied to maximize the number of survivors.

Conclusion

The results of the method were compared to those of existing methods, and their consistency was proved. In the future, we intend to apply interval-valued intuitionistic preference relations and iterative algorithms to improve the consistency of intuitionistic preference relations to the tasks of transporting the maximum possible number of aggrieved to safe locations.
A Review on Environment-friendly Protocol for the Synthesis of Pyrazole Derivative
Authors: Kumar Nitesh , Rajput Sejal , Patel Ridham , Yadav Ashesha , Raj Lakshmi Shanta
Published: July 2024

:

Pyrazole derivatives are a significant group of heterocyclic compounds that have a diverse
variety of biological activities and are used in several fields, such as medicines, agrochemicals, and
materials research. Conventional methods for synthesizing pyrazole derivatives typically require
severe reaction conditions, hazardous reagents, and environmentally harmful solvents, presenting
considerable obstacles to achieving sustainable chemistry. This analysis specifically examines the
latest progress made in creating environmentally friendly procedures for producing pyrazole derivatives.
The study investigates different strategies in green chemistry, such as reactions without solvents,
techniques including microwave and ultrasonic assistance, and using renewable resources and
environmentally friendly catalysts. An in-depth analysis is conducted to evaluate the efficiency, selectivity,
and environmental impact of these approaches. This review intends to comprehensively
explore the potential for sustainable practices in synthesizing pyrazole derivatives by emphasizing
advancements in green synthetic methods. It seeks to encourage further research and use of green
chemistry concepts in heterocyclic chemistry.
Nanomedicine in Alzheimer’s Therapy: Enhancing Drug Delivery
Strategies
Authors: Singh Archna , Mazumder Avijit , Das Saumya , Mishra Rashmi , Chaitanya MVNL
Published: July 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, arises from the
buildup of beta-amyloid plaques within the intricate neural networks of the brain. A lasting remedy
for Alzheimer's disease remains elusive, as current pharmaceutical options merely offer the potential
to decelerate its advancement. Nevertheless, nanotechnology has demonstrated its efficacy
in the realm of medical interventions. Nanotechnology holds immense promise for the treatment
of Alzheimer's disease, particularly in the realms of disease detection and providing alternative
therapeutic approaches. With its demonstrated superiority in medical applications, nanotechnology
emerges as a potent tool with significant potential in addressing the complexities of
Alzheimer's disease, offering enhanced diagnostics and novel treatment strategies. This feat is
achieved by augmenting the efficacy of drug administration through the penetration and surmounting
of the BBB.
Nonetheless, it is crucial to thoroughly investigate and explore the limitations at hand, aiming to
minimize undesired side effects and potential toxicity while enhancing medication absorption,
thereby optimizing the overall therapeutic outcome. Cutting-edge breakthroughs in Alzheimer's
disease treatment utilizing nanotechnology encompass a spectrum of remarkable advancements, including
stem cell regeneration, nanomedicine, and neuroprotection. The present investigation
delves into the remarkable strides made in nanotechnology, specifically examining its pivotal role
in detecting and treating neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's while shedding light on
the challenges ahead.
Comparison of Characteristics and Clinical Symptoms of Inpatients and
Outpatients with COVID-19
Authors: Nargesi Khoramabad Narges , Mohammadi Rasool , Sedighifar Zahra , Siavashi Ali Safdar
Published: July 2024

Background:

Nowadays, one of the best ways to manage COVID-19 is to understand the
characteristics of patients and the risk factors associated with the disease.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate and compare the characteristics, symptoms, and prognosis
of inpatients and outpatients with COVID-19 in Poledokhtar city

Methods:

In this descriptive-analytical study, 288 patients who tested positive for COVID-19
through PCR tests at COVID-19 screening centers and Imam Khomeini Hospital in Poledakhtar city
were selected using the census method. They were divided into inpatient and outpatient groups. Data
from patient files were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 25 software.

Results:

The study revealed significant differences in age, comorbidities, prior infection, and aspirin
use between the inpatient and outpatient groups. Cough was the most common symptom among all
patients, with weakness and fatigue being more common in inpatients and cough being more prevalent
in outpatients. The overall mortality rate was 5.2%, with inpatients having a worse prognosis
compared to outpatients.

Conclusion:

In the present study, inpatients were found to be older, have more underlying health
conditions, fewer prior infections, and experience a poorer prognosis than outpatients. Given that
patients may be asymptomatic or have mild symptoms upon admission, evaluating other patient factors
is crucial in assessing disease severity.
Quality Measurement of Consumer Health Questions: Content and Language Perspectives
Authors: Alasmari Ashwag , Zhou Lina
Published: July 2024

Background

Health information consumers increasingly rely on question-and-answer (Q&A) communities to address their health concerns. However, the quality of questions posted significantly impacts the likelihood and relevance of received answers.

Objective

This study aims to improve our understanding of the quality of health questions within web-based Q&A communities.

Methods

We develop a novel framework for defining and measuring question quality within web-based health communities, incorporating content- and language-based variables. This framework leverages k-means clustering and establishes automated metrics to assess overall question quality. To validate our framework, we analyze questions related to kidney disease from expert-curated and community-based Q&A platforms. Expert evaluations confirm the validity of our quality construct, while regression analysis helps identify key variables.

Results

High-quality questions were more likely to include demographic and medical information than lower-quality questions (P<.001). In contrast, asking questions at the various stages of disease development was less likely to reflect high-quality questions (P<.001). Low-quality questions were generally shorter with lengthier sentences than high-quality questions (P<.01).

Conclusions

Our findings empower consumers to formulate more effective health information questions, ultimately leading to better engagement and more valuable insights within web-based Q&A communities. Furthermore, our findings provide valuable insights for platform developers and moderators seeking to enhance the quality of user interactions and foster a more trustworthy and informative environment for health information exchange.
EcoQuad - Device for Sustainable Transport by Hybridization of Electricity and Photovoltaic Solar Energy
Authors: Ongarelli Filippi Benevenuto , Maceti Huemerson , Filho Angelo Cezar Semencio , Santos Bruno de Oliveira dos , Oliveira Gustavo Zotin Gomes de , Mamprin Thais , Moreira Lucas Antunes Soares
Published: July 2024

Over the past decades, global warming has been widely discussed around the world. Along with the phenomenon itself, it is also discussed the fact that one of its main causes is the emission of polluting gases into the atmosphere, which in turn are produced by cars and other means of transportation. About the situation, it has become common for environmental issues to be explored and the tendency of large automobile companies to start the production of vehicles that do not use fossil fuels, in addition to seeking solutions also related to the format of these vehicles. However, such solutions have several flaws, because they are rarely accessible to the population, in addition to using different energy sources that are still harmful to the environment. Another obstacle that can be noted is the lack of interest of the population in other types of vehicles that are not common or convenient and that require some adaptability. New solutions must be created so that economic, social and ecological aspects are met. In this way, the development and execution of a personal car called EcoQuad is presented, whose purpose has an educational and political character, thus seeking to promote a new style of production based on the hybridization of electric and solar photovoltaic energy. As a scientific character, the development of this project aims to prove the ecological and efficient aspects that can be achieved together through the hybrid energy system described. Because it is a hybrid vehicle, powered by batteries and solar panels that work together, the cost benefit is superior to ordinary vehicles, because with the correct distribution of energy used from the battery bank and solar modules, vehicle maintenance will be more affordable and less frequent. For such an experiment to be possible to be executed, it is concluded the need to expand the technological nationalization, which would make the project commercially viable. The project was guided by teachers and executed by high school students from Colégio Puríssimo Coração de Maria, ICM Education Network, and was presented at the Brazilian Science and Engineering Fair (FEBRACE) in 2023, winning 1st place in the Engineering category and 4th place overall in the largest Science and Engineering Fair in Latin America.
DAILY DANUBE RIVER WATER LEVEL PREDICTION USING EXTREME LEARNING MACHINE APPROACH
Authors: Milić Miljana , Radivojević Novak , Milojković Jelena , Jeremić Miljan
Published: July 2024

Anticipating water levels in vast riverbeds is crucial for preventing and mitigating floods or droughts, assessing power plant capacity, and facilitating navigation management. This study introduces an innovative water level prediction model utilizing an Extreme Learning Machine developed to solve the issues of low performance of existing forecasting methods. Development of such a system is of extreme importance when talking about the largest European river – the Danube River. Experimental findings reveal the model's satisfactory performance across various accuracy metrics, complexity considerations, and calculation speed. The prediction with the highest error rate based on MAPE criteria was for Prahovo water level prediction over a 365-day period at 2.02%, whilst the most accurate predictions were for Novi Sad and Banatska Palanka over 30 days and 180 days horizons, respectively, at 0.0550%. The highest coefficient of determination (R2) was achieved with the Novi Sad data at 0.9968, whilst the lowest was observed with the Prahovo data at 0.7353. The ELM model achieved high precision by adjusting the activation functions of the hidden layer neurons, which involved using different combinations of sigmoid and radial-basis activation functions.
Urban Green Areas per Resident: Review Study
Authors: Elhassan Ismat M.
Published: July 2024

Abstract: One of the essential elements of landscape planning is the design of urban green areas which is important for community welfare. Data about green area in large cities can be collected from aerial survey or satellite imageries. Analysis can be applied using GIS to determine the relation between urban green area (UGA) per resident in the city when statistics of number of inhabitants in the city are known. The computed UGA per resident can then be compared with respect to standard or recommended values given by: World Health Organization (WHO) or by the United Nations (UN) or any other organization. Studying the distances that people need to walk to the nearest green area should also satisfy a certain limit. This paper is an attempt to outline some published research about finding out the UGA per capita in various world cities.
GIS and GNSS Integration Techniques for Earth Observations
Authors: S Arun
Published: July 2024

Abstract: The term "GNSS," or global navigation satellite system, refers to any satellite navigation system with global coverage. To determine your current location, GNSS devices and receivers employ geolocation information from satellite navigation systems. Trilateration is the basis for how navigation satellites operate. An object's position on the spheroid is defined by its latitude, longitude, and altitude above mean sea level. Today, the utilisation of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) technology is required for a wide range of uses, including engineering, cities, and defence. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can be integrated with GPS to create powerful tools for mapping and spatial analysis. This integration allows for precise display of geographic characteristics on maps, land use planning, response to emergencies, and management of natural resources. Precision agriculture is one area where GNSS and GIS are integrated, enabling farmers to gather precise position data while operating machinery. GNSS and GIS integration can be done through position-focused and technology-focused integration. Position-focused integration uses GNSS technology to locate items or features on the earth's topography, while technology-focused integration enhances the utility and accuracy of GNSS data using GIS applications and technology. Both forms of integration provide potent solutions for various industries.
The Impact of Location Factors on Sales Velocity of General Industrial Complexes
Authors: SHIN Dong-Bum , KI Seo-Jin ,   Residential Environment Institute Of Korea
Published: July 2024

Sales velocity in industrial complexes plays an important role in promoting the balanced regional growth and local industries. This study aims to assess the contribution of location factors to the speed at which industrial lands are sold in a given property market. We prepared a (multivariate) data set that were retrieved from 104 general industrial complexes in Korea, where sales velocity out of a total of 17 variables was set as dependent variable for multiple regression analysis. In addition, analysis of variance was adopted to identify the difference in the means of sales velocity between outside and inside either the capital or urban area as well as among four geographical regions. Our results showed that the speed of industrial land selling in urban areas was much faster than in rural areas(p<0.05). A noticeable difference was also observed in sales velocity among the geographical regions(p<0.05). The results of regression analysis revealed that the vacancy rate, sales price, distance to highways and main cities, gross regional domestic product, and available amenities were closely associated with the speed of industrial land selling. We believe that the findings drawn from this study will be used to accelerate the sale of industrial complexes and regional economy.
DETECTION OF SUBACUTE ACIDOSIS AND CLINICAL MASTITIS IN DAIRY COWS USING A DIGITAL INTERNAL MONITORING SYSTEM
Authors: VLADIMIROV F.E. ,   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Moscow, Russian Federation, BAZAEV S.O. , YUROCHKA S.S. , KHAKIMOV A.R. ,   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

Subacute acidosis of the rumen is a widespread disease in highly productive dairy cows, which is characterized by a constant abnormally low rumen pH. Mastitis is the most common disease affecting the productivity of animals and the quality of milk. (Research purpose) The research purpose is testing the possibility of detecting subacute acidosis of the scar and clinical mastitis in dairy cows using a digital internal monitoring system. (Materials and methods) The activity, temperature and pH values of the rumen contents were automatically measured every 10 minutes for 4 months in five dairy cows of the Holstein breed. (Results and discussion) It was determined that the average values of the rumen pH differed (P < 0.05) in all five cows (5,58 ± 0,21; 6,13 ± 0,19; 5,79 ± 0,15; 6,05 ± 0,16; 5,72 ± 0,20). On average, 6 acts of drinking were recorded in the studied cows, which corresponds to the temperature readings of the animal. Signs of acidosis of the rumen were noted in cow No. 66,805 (the pH of the contents of the scar is below 6). It was shown that a clinical examination of the animal confirmed this diagnosis. It was established that on November 25 and December 15, the system detected sexual hunting in animal No. 58,928, which was confirmed by the farm staff, the duration of peak activity in both cases is about 12 hours. It was found that cow No. 91,827 (bolus No. 6) had an increased temperature (maximum level 41.1 degrees Celsius), cow No. 58,928 (bolus No. 9) also had an increased temperature of the contents of the rumen (maximum level 39.8 degrees Celsius). After the clinical study, the diagnoses were clinical mastitis (bolus No. 6) and subclinical mastitis (bolus No. 9). (Conclusions) It was stated that the system of internal monitoring of the physiological state can be useful for detecting signs of acidosis of the rumen and mastitis of cows.
MODELING OF SMOOTHING TRAJECTORIES OF AUTONOMOUS ELECTRIFIED PLATFORMS
Authors: GDANSKY N.I. ,   Russian Biotechnological University, Moscow, Russian Federation, KARGIN V.A. , KARPOV A.V. ,   National Research University «Moscow Power Engineering Institute»,   Russian Biotechnological University, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Moscow Polytechnic University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

Automation of cargo transportation both inside production and warehouse premises and between individual objects of livestock and crop production complexes is a promising direction in saving fuel and energy resources of the agro-industrial complex. The use of autonomous vehicles for these purposes, including electrified platforms with non-operational adaptive control, is especially necessary due to the movement of significant volumes of cargo in cramped conditions of buildings and structures. However, the use of broken lines in the planning of ATU movements leads to the need for a significant reduction in the movement speed during the passage of turning sections of the trajectory. This significantly increases the execution time of technological operations, leads to additional energy consumption for braking and acceleration. Thus, the approach proposed in the work to the analytical determination of smoothing movement trajectories of autonomous vehicles is relevant. (Research Purpose) The research purpose is developing an approach to the construction of smoothing sections of the trajectory of a non-operational vehicle with adaptive control that does not require solving optimization problems. (Materials and methods) For a smoothing curve of polynomial form, a system of equations is derived from geometric conditions that defines its most rational form from the point of view of the maximum speed of passing an obstacle. After its representation in the local coordinate system associated with the bypassed obstacle, the equation of the desired curve is found. For the practical implementation of the method, formulas for the transition from a local coordinate system to an absolute one are given. (Results and discussion) A general method is proposed for smoothing the reference broken trajectories obtained at the initial stage of planning the movement of an autonomous electrified platform in cramped conditions. In the local coordinate system associated with the obstacle, the shape of the smoothing transition curves is found and formulas for the transition to the absolute coordinate system are given. (Conclusions) The obtained analytical solution to the construction of smoothing sections of the trajectory of an autonomous vehicle in cramped conditions of buildings and structures for agricultural purposes does not require complex calculations. This simplifies its practical application, including the implementation of programmable adaptive control systems using microprocessor hardware.
ANALYSIS OF LASER RADIATION APPLICATION FOR WEED CONTROL
Authors: SAFONOV D.I. ,   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Moscow, Russian Federation, SMIRNOV I.G. , KUTYREV A.I. , MIRZAEV M.A. ,   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

The use of chemical agents to remove weeds contributes to the selection of their resistant forms and leads to an increase in the dosages of the means used. A method of removing weeds using laser radiation is proposed. (Research purpose) The research purpose is analyzing the application and justification of the operation modes of a diode laser for the weeds control. (Materials and methods) The experiment was carried out on the developed stand, which included an LT-4LDS-V1 diode laser mounted on a trolley, with the possibility of moving it along the X, Y and Z axes to accurately adjust the position relative to weeds. A three-factor experiment was performed to determine the optimal mode in which complete stem cutting is not required. The power of the laser emitter, the distance to the processing object and the diameter of the stem were used as factors affecting the processing time taken as a response function. Experiments were carried out on three types of weeds: field dandelion, creeping wheatgrass and squat mallow. Carried out using an RGB camera, digital tracking of the moment of fracture of the stems was carried out. We performed data processing, analysis and statistical processing using Mathcad, PlanExp software tools. (Results and discussion) Regression equations were obtained, the results of experiments were statistically processed, and the response function optima were found. The optimal parameters and operating modes of the diode laser were determined. It was found that at constant values of the power factor (20 watts), a distance of 50 millimeters to the object, the process of burning the dandelion stalk was 3.792 seconds (stalk thickness 3.5 millimeters); creeping wheatgrass 1.06 seconds (stalk thickness 0.5 millimeters); squat mallow 2.79 seconds (stalk thickness 3 millimeters). (Conclusions) It was found that 7 days after the experiment, the use of laser exposure led to the destruction of 81 percent of dandelions, 93 percent of wheatgrass and 75 percent of hollyhocks from their total number. Using the results obtained, the possibility of using laser radiation in the established operating modes to weed control in the field was confirmed.