bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of pelvic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques in patients with sacroiliac joint dysfunction: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Ucgun Hikmet , Kaya Meltem , Kulli Hilal Denizoglu
Published: December 2024

Background: Despite the widespread presence of sacroiliac joint dysfunction (SIJD) among causes of low back pain, SIJD is still overlooked. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of pelvic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques (PNF) in patients with SIJD. Methods: This prospective, single-blinded, randomized controlled study was conducted between December 2023 and March 2024. Fourty patients diagnosed with SIJD, with pain for at least 4 weeks initially, aged between 18 and 40, were randomly allocated into experimental group (EG, n = 20) and control group (CG, n = 20) using a computer-based randomised numbered list. The CG received patient education consisting of basic lumbar stabilization exercises (LSE); the EG received exercise training consisting of pelvic PNF techniques in addition to patient education. The interventions of both groups were applied 3 days a week for 6 weeks. Pain, mobility, flexibility, lumbar range of motion, posture, trunk flexor muscle endurance, and trunk extensor muscle endurance were assessed by VAS, Modified Schober's test, sit-and-reach test, goniometer, New York Posture Rating Chart, flexor endurance test, ve Biering-Sørensen test, respectively, before and after interventions. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess normality, while intra-group and inter-group comparisons were conducted using either the Paired sample T-test or the Independent samples T-test. Results: Of the EG (n = 20, 30,88 ± 14,23 years), 82.35% (n = 14) were female, while the CG (n = 20, 27,18 ± 7,58 years) comprised 76.47% (n = 13) females. The mean body mass index for the EG was 23.71 ± 3.68 kg/m², compared to 23.51 ± 3.68 kg/m² in the CG. Baseline values of pain (p = 0.152, 95% CI [−0.342–2.107]), mobility (p = 0.407, 95% CI [−12.699–5.405]), flexibility (p = 0.758, 95% CI [−2.293–3.116]), posture (p = 0.913, [−2.422–3.613]), trunk flexor muscle endurance (p = 0.336, 95% CI [−3.213–5.955]), and trunk extensor muscle endurance (p = 0.405, 95% CI [−2.927–4.842]) of the groups were similar. Both the EG and CG achieved significant improvements in reducing pain (p < 0.001). The improvement in the pain was significantly higher in the EG compared to the CG (p < 0.001, dcohen = −1.030). There were significantly change in the scores of mobility, flexibility, and lumbar range of motion only in the EG. All changes had a medium or high effect size (p < 0.001, dcohen = 0.631; p = 0.011, dcohen = 0.417; p < 0.05, dcohen = 0.649, respectively). Conclusion: Incorporating the pelvic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques into the rehabilitation protocols for patients with sacroiliac joint dysfunction may prove beneficial, potentially enhancing pain relief while also improving mobility, flexibility, and lumbar range of motion.
Time-dependent changes in the stiffness of the neck extensor muscles with prolonged sitting and the effect of exercise
Authors: Nitta Asami , Aoki Mitsuhiro , Okino Kumiko , Yamane Masahiro , Kataoka Yoshiaki , Kohmura Chikashi
Published: December 2024

Background

Neck and shoulder exercises are recommended to improve Neck and Shoulder Pain (NSP). However, it is unclear why exercises for the neck and shoulder improve NSP, and methods for evaluating the effects of these exercises have not been clear.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate time-dependent changes in stiffness of the neck extensor muscles due to prolonged sitting and the effect of exercise.

Methods

Twenty-five healthy adult women sat with their hands on a desk for 90 min looking at a computer screen and then performed neck and shoulder exercise. Shear wave velocities (SWV) of the neck extensor muscles (the upper trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboid major, and splenius capitis muscles) were measured at 0, 30, 60, and 90 min after the start of sitting and after the exercise. At the same time, changes in NSP were recorded.

Results

During prolonged sitting, SWV in the upper trapezius increased significantly with time (p < 0.001). Neck and shoulder exercise significantly decreased SWV and NSP (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The results of this study revealed objective changes in neck muscle stiffness by prolonged sitting. Neck and shoulder exercise may reduce muscle stiffness and contribute to relieve NSP.
Exploring Nurses’ Perceptions of Nursing Presence in the Mental Health Setting
Authors: Scharfman Joy
Published: December 2024

Background

Nursing presence is a core relational phenomenon in nursing. It is the process of devoting attention to being with and connecting with another, requisite to providing quality, holistic, person-centered care. Presence has been incorporated in the newly revised scope and standards of nursing, as an intervention. There is a paucity of research on the experience of nurses practicing in mental health settings who employ presence to provide unique, relational care.

Aims

The aim of this research is to understand the lived experience of nurses providing nursing care and engaging with presence in the mental health setting.

Methods

The tenets of hermeneutic phenomenology proposed by Heidegger and Gadamer were used to guide this inquiry. Twelve nurses practicing mental health were interviewed on Zoom using a semistructured interview guide and the interview time ranged from 45 min to 1 hr. Data were analyzed using the interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) process outlined by Smith et al.

Results

Four themes are identified: A powerful intervention which fuels healing, Building the bridge, Transcending barriers, and Preserving the well.

Conclusions

Nursing presence is implicated as essential to improving the quality of holistic health care, positively impacting patients and nurses. These findings may influence nursing leaders, educators, and administrators to incorporate nursing presence in nursing curricula, develop policies respecting presence, and alter the culture of the health care environment.
Parents’ Role as Care Managers During and After Adolescent Suicide Crises
Authors: Weissinger Guy M. , Bluteau-James Voulda A. , Mensinger Janell L.
Published: December 2024

Background

Adolescent suicide crises usually require mental health services (inpatient and/or outpatient) to address their needs. Navigating the health care system, especially around suicide crises, is difficult and parents of adolescents usually manage their treatment access and engagement. Little research has examined how parents take on this care management role, vital to maintaining safety and improving adolescent menta health, and the barriers and facilitators they experience in these processes.

Aims

To explore parents’ experiences around adolescent suicide crises, with a focus on care management and barriers/facilitators to this role.

Methods

Interviews were conducted with 18 parents of adolescents in the United States who had suicide crises in the previous 3 years. Using a family-systems lens and thematic analysis, researchers identified three themes and three subthemes.

Results

Relevant themes and subthemes were Care Manager Role Transition (subtheme: Home Safety); Barriers after Barriers (subthemes: Logistical and System Barriers; Poor Communication); and Facilitating Engagement. Parents had a sudden transition to the role of care manager during the adolescent’s suicide crisis. They experienced difficulty in managing safety and navigating health care systems. Parents of adolescents with eating disorders had more difficulty in navigating systems and managing safety.

Conclusions

Policies and clinical practice must recognize the role and value of parents as care managers of adolescent’s mental health services, especially around transitions out of acute care settings. Psychiatric nurses are well positioned to assist parents with this role transition so that parents can better support adolescents during and after suicide crises.
Co-creating or Confounding? Hybrid Legitimacy Evaluation of Circular Business Models in the U.K. Plastics Sector
Authors: Adelekan Adeyemi , Sharmina Maria
Published: December 2024

Despite the importance of business models for enabling a circular economy at a systems level, little is known about how value chain actors assess the circular business models that they are co-creating and how this assessment shapes their behaviour. Framing circular business models as a subject of legitimacy, this study explores how value chain actors respond when the value proposition of a circular business model seems proper, but the value creation and capture are debated. Based on interviews and workshops with 16 U.K. plastics sector organizations, this study shows how value chain actors respond to this hybrid legitimacy judgement by assuming a position of dynamic vigilance. This position affects the advising, contributing, lobbying, and trialling work that actors do to shape emerging circular economy institutions. We argue that the actors’ dynamic vigilance and advocacy work might be impeding a circular economy and corresponding business models.
Ocular manifestations of West Nile virus infection: A case report and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Ruiz-Lozano Raul E , Zafar Sidra , Berkenstock Meghan K , Liberman Paulina
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To report the case of a patient with ocular West Nile virus infection (WNVI) and to describe the demographics, eye characteristics, and treatment of patients with WNVI reported in the literature.

Methods

Systematic literature search using the PubMed MEDLINE database searching for all cases of ocular WNVI published from inception until October 14, 2023. Inclusion criteria were patients with serologic and/or cerebrospinal fluid diagnosis of WNVI with ocular involvement.

Results

A total of 60 patients (111 eyes), including the present case, were included. Most patients were males (57%), diagnosed in the United States (77%), and with a mean age at presentation of 54 years. The median time elapsed between the viral prodrome, and eye symptoms was 7 days. Neurologic involvement was present in 47 (78%) patients. Diabetes mellitus was the most frequent systemic comorbidity (45%). Posterior segment findings were present in 107 (96%) eyes. Multifocal chorioretinal lesions (86%), vitreous inflammation (51%), intraretinal hemorrhages (43%), and retinal vasculitis (21%) were the most frequent findings. Fluorescein angiography was performed in 88 (79%) eyes. Fifty-seven (51%) eyes did not receive treatment. Topical and systemic steroids were prescribed to 35% and 28% of eyes, respectively.

Conclusion

WNVI should be considered as a potential diagnosis in older patients who exhibit posterior uveitis, especially if they have recently experienced flu-like symptoms and have been exposed to mosquitoes. A comprehensive ocular assessment, which includes a dilated fundus examination and ocular imaging studies, can help raise suspicion for this condition even before serological confirmation is obtained.
Efficacy and Safety of Bevacizumab Biosimilar (Encoda) Compared With Reference Bevacizumab (Avastin) in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter, Real-World Study
Authors: Shan Han , Wang Mengmeng , Huang Shuohan , Liu Hongyue , Liu Jiyong , Du Qiong
Published: December 2024

Background:

The bevacizumab biosimilar (Encoda), which was approved by the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) in China in 2019, is a biosimilar of bevacizumab. Approval of bevacizumab biosimilar (Encoda) for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) was based on the extrapolation principle of biosimilar. However, there is currently no available data regarding the efficacy and safety of both bevacizumab biosimilar (Encoda) and bevacizumab in patients with mCRC.

Methods:

The present real-world study included patients with mCRC who received first-line therapy with either bevacizumab biosimilar (Encoda) or bevacizumab combined with backbone chemotherapy between April 2021 and December 2022. The overall response rate (ORR) was the primary endpoint of the study. Bevacizumab biosimilar (Encoda) would be considered equivalent to bevacizumab if it met any of the following criteria: the 90% CI for ORR risk ratio of bevacizumab biosimilar (Encoda): bevacizumab was included within the predefined equivalence range (0.75 to 1.33) as specified by the NMPA or within the predefined equivalence range (0.73 to 1.36) as specified by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA); the 95% CI for the ORR risk difference of 2 groups was included within the predefined equivalence range (−0.12 to 0.15) as specified by the European Medicines Agency (EMA).

Results:

The study included a total of 436 patients, with 234 receiving bevacizumab biosimilar (Encoda) and 202 receiving bevacizumab. The ORR was 42.3% (95% CI: 35.9% to 48.9%) in the bevacizumab biosimilar (Encoda) group and 42.1% (95% CI: 35.2% to 49.2%) in the bevacizumab group. The ORR risk ratio and risk difference were 1.005 (90% CI: 0.836 to 1.210) and 0.002 (95% CI: −0.091 to 0.095), respectively, both included within the prespecified equivalence range. The overall safety profile was comparable between the 2 groups.

Conclusions:

This real-world study is the first to demonstrate the efficacy equivalence of bevacizumab biosimilar (Encoda) and bevacizumab in first-line treatment of mCRC.
Racial and Ethnic Disease Phenotype Differences Are Driven by Genetics: No
Authors: Langer-Gould Annette
Published: December 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility and prognosis vary by race and ethnicity in the USA. MS incidence is highest in Black individuals and, among individuals under the age of 35, so is the prevalence. Although MS incidence and prevalence is lower among Hispanic and particularly Asian/Pacific Islands compared to White people, among Hispanic and White people under the age of 25, the prevalence is similar. MS-related disability accrues faster, and mortality is higher at younger ages among Black compared to White people. But these differences are not due to genetics because: 1) race and ethnicity are social constructs rather than genetically or biologically distinct entities; 2) MS prognosis is not driven by genetics; 3) MS susceptibility is mostly due to environmental factors, including Epstein Barr (EBV) infection and pediatric obesity; and 4) there is a far more plausible explanation – embodied racism.
Imaging the Choroid Plexus
Authors: Bergsland Niels , Dwyer Michael G. , Zivadinov Robert
Published: December 2024

The choroid plexus (CP), a highly vascularized structure within the ventricles of the brain, has come under increased scrutiny over the last several years as potentially having a role in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Originally consider as being only responsible for the production of cerebrospinal fluid, it is now widely recognized that the CP is also involved in immunosurveillance and immune cell trafficking. Histopathology studies have found several immunological changes in donor tissue, including the accumulation of inflammatory cells. These findings have been corroborated by animal studies combining immunohistopathology and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), showing dynamic changes in CP volume that track immune cell infiltration into the CP itself. Subsequent in vivo studies in persons with MS using MRI have suggested that while CP volume increases very early in the disease, CP inflammation continues to have a role throughout later stages as well. Together with recent advances in image processing methods, the analysis of prospective studies as well as existing datasets will help shed further light on the underlying pathophysiological changes within the CP. Such studies are needed to better understand if the CP may represent a novel therapeutic target to ultimately impact the evolution of the disease.
Imaging Outcomes for Phase 2 Trials Targeting Compartmentalized Inflammation
Authors: Gaitán María I. , Marquez Rocio V. , Ayerbe Jeremias , Reich Daniel S.
Published: December 2024

This comprehensive review aims to explore imaging outcome measures targeting compartmentalized inflammation in Phase 2 clinical trials for multiple sclerosis (MS). The traditional primary imaging outcomes used in Phase 2 MS trials, new or enhancing white matter lesions on MRI, target the effects of peripheral inflammation, but the widespread inflammation behind a mostly closed blood-brain barrier is not captured. This review discusses several emerging imaging technologies that could be used as surrogate markers of compartmentalized inflammation, targeting chronic active lesions, meningeal inflammation, and innate immune activation within the normal-appearing white matter and gray matter. The integration of specific imaging outcomes into Phase 2 trials can provide a more accurate assessment of treatment efficacy, ultimately contributing to the development of more effective therapies for MS.
Consequences of membership growth – the case of the German Green Party
Authors: Brunsbach Sandra , John Stefanie , Bukow Sebastian U
Published: December 2024

Despite the frequent debate about membership decline, some established political parties in Western Europe are experiencing a significant increase in membership. This article examines how institutionalised parties handle this growth and highlights how the sheer number of new members and their otherness create potential pressure to adapt both organisationally and culturally. Based on a multitude of qualitative interviews with local party officials of the German Green Party, this article showcases how a political party tries to maintain its concept of party membership by adjusting its organisational structures and communicating its party culture while facing challenges, particularly in the cultural sphere.
Inhibition processing in code-switching among Chinese–English–Japanese trilinguals: Evidence from the n–2 language repetition costs
Authors: Zhong Zilong , Fan Lin , Zhang Xiaokun , Jiang Jiaxing , Yang Hui
Published: December 2024

Aims and Objectives:

The current study aimed to investigate whether there was inhibitory processing in code-switching during language comprehension among Chinese–English–Japanese trilinguals and whether n–2 language repetition costs were contingent upon particular stimulus–response configurations.

Methodology:

This experiment employed semantic categorization tasks, with non-cognate animal and non-animal words as experimental stimuli, and the n–2 language repetition costs as a discerning experimental indicator, to explore whether there was inhibitory processing in code-switching during language comprehension among Chinese–English–Japanese trilinguals. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of stimulus–response configuration on inhibitory processing during switching between phonetic and logographic writing systems. This approach allowed for a detailed exploration of the cognitive mechanisms underpinning language switching and the factors influencing inhibitory control in multilingual contexts.

Data and Analysis:

The experimental data collected were analyzed using the R language with the lme4 package. Reaction times were fitted to a linear mixed-effects model, while accuracy was binary coded and fitted to a generalized mixed-effects model with a logistic link function.

Findings:

The study found that: (1) there were n–2 language repetition costs in Chinese–English–Japanese trilinguals’ code-switching during language comprehension and (2) the n–2 language repetition costs in code-switching processing during language comprehension was not affected by specific stimulus–response configurations but was related to the psychological representation of the competing languages.

Originality:

There is a lack of research investigating the switching of three language tasks using n–2 language repetition costs as an index. Limited studies employing n–2 language repetition costs as an index have predominantly focused on the level of language production, with language comprehension yet to be examined. In addition, there exists a dearth of research addressing the inhibitory mechanisms involved in the code-switching process between phonetic and logographic writing systems; even more limited attention has been directed toward the intricacies of switching between three non-cognate languages.

Significance/Implications:

The study reveals the inhibitory processing involved in code-switching between phonetic and logographic writing systems. It extends previous findings concerning the inhibitory processing of code-switching during language production within phonetic languages, providing new insights into the research on code-switching and the n–2 language repetition costs among multilingual individuals.
Story-weaving: homo narrans, popular culture and the role of stories in tourism
Authors: Garrison Stephanie , Wallace Claire
Published: December 2024

This article proposes to understand popular culture-inspired tourism as a process of ‘story-weaving’. Exploring the role of stories from the perspectives of tour guides and visitors, we analyse the collaborative process in which biographical stories, places and histories become entwined. Drawing on Walter Fisher's ‘narrative paradigm’ and his understanding of humans as ‘ homo narrans’ or storytelling animals, we argue that story-weaving goes beyond stories being packaged and sold to visitors by tour guides or shaping fan experiences of place. Through interviews with Scotland-based tour guides who run Outlander tours and with visitors as well as participant-based observations we unpack the dynamic nature of story-weaving and examine how visitors and tour guides participate in it as a way of engaging with and in tourism.
Continued increasing social inequality in mortality in Denmark – a nationwide register-based follow-up on previous mortality studies
Authors: Brønnum-Hansen Henrik
Published: December 2024

Objective:

Social inequality in mortality has increased in many countries worldwide and does not appear to be levelling off. Denmark is no exception, and the latest developments are presented in this short communication.

Methods:

Trends in life expectancy and changes in the shape of the age-at-death distribution are calculated from nationwide register data on income and education linked to mortality data.

Results:

Since 1987, the difference in life expectancy between the lowest and highest income quartiles has increased by 5.4 years for men and by 2.0 years for women. The difference in life expectancy (at age 30) between education groups has also increased. The latest developments indicate a decline in life expectancy for men and women in the lowest income quartile and with the shortest education.

Conclusions:

Reducing social inequality in health and mortality has been on the agenda for successive Danish governments for more than 20 years, but social inequality in life expectancy is still increasing.
Biophilia gratification: Evidence from nature-related posts and images on social media
Authors: Ng Yu-Leung , Lin Zhihuai
Published: December 2024

People use social media to gratify various needs, one of which is the need to affiliate with mediated nature. By combining the uses and gratifications approach and the biophilia hypothesis, this study coins this gratification as biophilia gratification. We computationally analyzed three million Facebook posts to test whether user reactions (likes, shares, loves, and cares) reflect biophilia gratification derived from human-created nature on social media, that is, mediated nature. Ten percent of posts that are image-based (approximately 170,000) were also randomly selected and analyzed. The results showed that social media users were more likely to react to most posts (particularly image-based posts) of mediated nature compared with nonmediated nature posts. These findings may imply that user reactions on social media may serve as indicators of biophilia gratification fulfilled through engagement with mediated nature.
The beneficial effects of swimming training preconditioning on reducing vascular reactivity in chronic myocardial infarction: Independent of NO production
Authors: Ramirez-Hernandez Diana , Lezama-Martinez Diego , Velazco-Bejarano Benjamin , Valencia-Hernandez Ignacio , Lopez-Sanchez Pedro , Fonseca-Coronado Salvador , Flores-Monroy Jazmin
Published: December 2024

Background

There is evidence of the beneficial effects of swimming training (ST) after myocardial infarction (MI) on heart function. However, the actions of ST preconditioning (STP) in MI on vascular function require further research.

Objective

This work focused on evaluating whether STP has beneficial nitric oxide-mediated effects on cardiovascular function in chronic MI.

Methods

Four months female Wistar rats were randomized as follows: (1) sham; (2) six weeks left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (LADL); (3) LADL + valsartan; (4) ST + LADL. Eight weeks of STP were performed in the ST + LADL group, then LADL was induced on the estrus stage and evolved for six weeks. The LADL + valsartan group was treated a day after surgery, for six weeks. Subsequently, vascular reactivity to Ang II and phenylephrine in aortic rings, quantification of nitric oxide (NO) on serum, heart, and aorta, and echocardiographic parameters were measured.

Results

ST + LADL reduced both vasoconstrictors reactivity beyond sham values. Ejection fraction (EF) and shortening fraction (SF) decreased in the LADL group vs sham, while ST + LADL and LADL + valsartan remained unchanged. NO levels decreased in LADL + valsartan and ST + LADL groups compared to sham and LADL groups.

Conclusion

STP in chronic MI improves cardiac function and reduces vascular reactivity through a non-related NO mechanism.
Overview of the renin-angiotensin system in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Karimi Farzaneh , Maleki Maryam , Movahedpour Ahmad , Alizadeh Mehdi , Kharazinejad Ebrahim , Sabaghan Mohammad
Published: December 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial hyperglycemic condition characterized by biochemical, molecular, and genetic variables, and leads to kidney dysfunction. Diabetic nephropathy (DN), referred to as diabetic kidney disease, is one of the major microvascular complications of diabetes, which is a major cause of end-stage renal disease and, consequently, high mortality. When DN occurs, it stimulates the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), one of the most significant indicators of developing renal impairment. Intrarenal RAS elements are upregulated in patients with DN, whereas systemic RAS elements are downregulated. Therefore, it is well accepted that the intra-renal RAS plays a key role in the onset of DN, characterized by the presence of protein in the urine and progressive decline in kidney function. RAS has two axes: 1- the renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II (Ang II), and Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R), 2- (ACE2, Ang 1-7, Ang 1-9, AT 2 receptor (AT2R), and Mas receptor (MasR). Blocking RAS with ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) and Ang II receptor blockers (ARBs) is currently a conventional therapy to protect the kidneys and inhibit DN progression and development in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Anti-corrosion properties of a silane film on Q235 steel in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution
Authors: Xu Li , Huang Hualiang
Published: December 2024

In the article, a silane film on the surface of Q235 steel was successfully prepared using 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane. The film-forming mechanism and anti-corrosion properties of the silane film on Q235 steel in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution were investigated using electrochemical measurements, surface analysis and theoretical calculations. The results indicated that the prepared silane film could effectively suppress the corrosion of Q235 steel, and its highest corrosion inhibition efficiency was 98.64% when the film was cured at 140°C for 60 minutes. That could be explained that the silane film was predominantly bonded to the steel surface through forming Si-O-Fe bond, accompanying a crosslinked Si-O-Si network structure formed during the curing process, which effectively reduced the dissolution of iron, thereby significantly enhancing the corrosion resistance of Q235 steel. In addition, the silane film possessed excellent hydrophobic properties caused by the long-chain alkyl group, preventing the penetration of corrosive medium.
A Systematic Review of Theories of Stress as a Predictor of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Meyer Sarah R. , Hardt Selina , Brambilla Rebecca , Stöckl Heidi
Published: December 2024

Literature on stress and intimate partner violence (IPV) has primarily focused on stress as an outcome of women’s experience of IPV. However, stress may also be a predictor of male-perpetrated IPV. To improve our understanding of how theoretical approaches to stress have been applied to IPV research, we conducted a sub-analysis of a broader systematic review to identify published literature that examines theoretical approaches to stress as a predictor of male-perpetrated IPV. We conducted a search of nine electronic databases and assessed title/abstract and full texts according to pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two reviewers categorized included studies into different theoretical groupings and sub-groupings. Data were extracted according to a data extraction template developed for the review, establishing consistency in a pilot data extraction phase. The review identified 27 articles that addressed the following theories of stress: general stress theory, life course theory, occupational stress theory, vulnerability theory, and family stress theory. Each of these sub-theories focuses on different forms of stress, for example, life course theory specifically focuses on stressful early life experiences, including adverse childhood events, whereas occupational stress theory focuses on workplace-related stressors that may result in increased male-perpetrated IPV. Analysis of measurement of stress variables indicated that measurement of stress varies widely across studies and primarily relies on self-reports. Consideration of stress as a predictor of IPV provides important insights into preventable and modifiable targets for intervention. Additional research on mechanisms and pathways between stress and IPV is needed.
Theoretical Analysis of the Cycle of Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review
Authors: McCloud Brittney , Abdullah Alhassan
Published: December 2024

Research on the intergenerational transmission of intimate partner violence (IPV), or the “cycle of violence,” from childhood exposure (G1) to the perpetration of IPV in adulthood relationships (G2), has increased over the past decades. The link between childhood exposure to interparental violence and future IPV perpetration is largely explained by postulations from social and psychological theories, such as social learning theory. These theories provide claims regarding IPV transmission pathways and the mechanisms underpinning the transmission. However, evidence from extant theory-informed studies on the cycle of violence has generated several null and counter-predictive findings, which raises questions about the nature of the theory-informed research, as well as methodological questions. This systematic review sought to analyze how existing studies applied specific theories to research IPV transmission, and the mechanisms underpinning these transmissions. Following the PRISMA procedure for systematic reviews, we reviewed empirical articles from five databases ( Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Informit, and PubMed) published between 1990 and 2024. Results from the 30 included studies were synthesized under three theoretical categories, namely: social, psychological, and cultural theories. Under each theoretical category, we found inconsistent evidence, lack of empirical examination of theory-driven variables, and reductionist approaches, in terms of how claims from the theories are applied in research on IPV transmission. Research guided by a singular theoretical framework presented inconsistencies compared to those applying a multi-theory approach. As a result, we recommend an integrated theoretical model that considers the comprehensive and transactional process/factors that underpin IPV transmission.
The Lure of Cultural Authenticity: Netflix and Speculative Koreanness in the Global Media Market
Authors: Han Benjamin M. , Yong Jin Dal , Yoon Kyong
Published: December 2024

Despite Netflix’s status as a dominant global streaming service, it is irrefutable that the platform has facilitated the circulation of media content from different national markets to its subscribers around the world. This increased circulation has been accompanied by the platforms’ exploration of local cultures for global audiences. Specifically, Netflix has sought to represent and repackage local cultures in allegedly “authentic” ways. Drawing on a critical analysis of Netflix’s industry discourses, interviews with Korean content creators, and a textual analysis of the original Korean series Squid Game (2021–present), the article explores how Netflix formulates and disseminates its lore of cultural authenticity as a distinct brand to enhance its international presence. We argue that Netflix’s branding of original Korean series as culturally authentic, further grounded in a particular mode of portraying Korean culture for imagined global (non-Korean) audiences, involves representational practices of what we refer to as speculative Koreanness.
In PD, Non-Invasive Trans-Spinal Magnetic Stimulation Enhances the Effect of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Axial Motor Symptoms: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Khedr Eman M. , Haridy Nourelhoda A. , Korayem Mohammad A. , Tawfik Ahmed Mamdouh , Hamed Ahmed A.
Published: December 2024

Background

Axial symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD) often respond poorly to pharmacological treatment. We evaluated whether combining repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and repetitive spinal magnetic stimulation (rSMS) is more effective than rTMS alone in improving axial and other motor disabilities in PD.

Methods

A total of 42 PD patients with axial symptoms were randomly allocated to 2 experimental intervention groups: Group I received active rTMS + active rSMS (2000 pulses; 20 Hz; 80% resting motor threshold for each motor area “M1” + 1500 pulses rSMS 10 Hz, at 50% of maximal stimulator output). Group II received active rTMS + sham rSMS with the same number of pulses. Both groups received 10 sessions (5 consecutive days/week for 2 weeks). Assessments using Freezing of Gait Questionnaire, walking speed, Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) parts II and III, and Parkinson’s Disease Questionaire-39 (PDQ-39) were performed at baseline (T0), end of sessions (T1), and 1 month later (T2).

Results

At T0, Group II showed higher walking speed. At T1 and T2, Group I demonstrated significantly greater improvements in MDS-UPDRS parts II, III, and sub-items of part III. Group I showed stronger improvement in TUG-T and average fast velocity immediately post-intervention, but this effect diminished after 1 month. PDQ-39 scores for leisure activity and walking problems were significantly higher in group I.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that combining rTMS and rSMS for 10 sessions is more effective than rTMS alone in managing PD’s motor and axial symptoms. The effect size of the outcome is large enough to be of significance in clinical practice.

Trial Registration:

The study was registered prospectively on 26/12/2021 at the clinicaltrial.gov website with the registration ID: NCT05271513, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05271513 .
Active pendulum vibration absorber utilizing a rotating inertia actuator with time delay in the position feedback
Authors: Punyakaew Surat
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of an active pendulum vibration absorber (APVA) that utilizes a rotating inertia actuator (RIA) and takes into account the time delay in the position feedback. Here, the primary system is represented as a base-excited system, which includes a linear spring, damper, and mass. The absorber consists of a pendulum with a rotating inertia actuator attached to one end, a spring-damping system attached to the pendulum mass, and a delayed controller. The active control force is generated by the RIA in the proposed model, thereby preventing stroke saturation, an issue that may result in feedback controller instability. This is because, unlike proof mass actuators, the RIA does not have end-stops that limit its motion. The equations of motion describing the dynamical behavior of the primary system and APVA were derived and simulated in MATLAB Simscape and Simulink. Multi- frequency and harmonic base excitations are utilized as inputs. The simulation results show that the proposed APVA can greatly reduce vibration induced by the excitation of both single and multiple frequencies.
Acute management of a ruptured mycotic iliac artery pseudoaneurysm in a young transplant patient
Authors: Reinert Nathan J , Cass Bryan D , Ambani Ravi N
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Ruptured mycotic pseudoaneurysms are rare, yet devastating complications that can prove challenging to manage. In immunocompromised populations, highly virulent organisms such as Gemella morbillorum can be especially difficult to combat. Here, we outline our approach to temporizing maneuvers in an emergent setting and definitive revascularization in a 27-year-old with a ruptured mycotic iliac artery pseudoaneurysm from necrosis of her kidney and pancreas allografts.

Methods

The initial staged repair involved covered stenting of the right iliac artery for hemorrhagic control of a ruptured pancreatic allograft arterial anastomosis, explant of ipsilaterally placed renal and pancreas allografts from the right pelvis, and iliac artery reconstruction using left femoral vein. Subsequent abscess formation leading to anastomotic blowout required repeat covered stenting followed by a femoral-femoral arterial bypass with right femoral vein.

Results

The patient was discharged home with no further vascular events and preserved lower extremity perfusion. They returned to the clinic 1 month following discharge in stable condition with no wound healing or ischemic complications.

Conclusions

The choice of femoral vein as conduit for in-line arterial repair can provide both better long-term patency and resistance to infection than prosthetic bypass material.
Review of systematic reviews in educational leadership and management: Methods used, topics explored and geographies covered
Authors: Mertkan Sefika , Gümüş Sedat
Published: December 2024

Following the accumulation and diversification of the knowledge base in the field of educational leadership and management, we have witnessed a boom in systematic reviews of different types focusing on a diverse range of topics in specified geographical boundaries. This study aims to gain insight into the nature and composition of this fast-growing body of systematic reviews in educational leadership and management by examining the methods used, the topics explored and the geographies covered in these reviews through a three-dimensional conceptual model. We analysed 236 systematic reviews spread over 60 journals. Descriptive statistics of frequencies and percentages were used to identify trends. Findings suggest that the conceptual model presented provides important insights into the past, present and future of a knowledge base through its focus on the patterns of knowledge evident in systematic reviews. While affirming the widespread recognition of the value of systematic reviews in the field, the results reveal that systematic reviews have largely focused on a narrow range of topics, suggesting evidence available on many widely explored topics that still await to be synthesised. Reviews focusing on methodological issues have been particularly rare. It is also demonstrated that the field itself has attracted significant attention as a unit of analysis, indicating the interest in mapping the research landscape and understanding the dynamics of the field at global, regional and national levels. Based on these findings, potential gaps have been identified, and suggestions have been made for future directions.
Experimental analysis of design, development, mechanical and tribological properties of spark plasma sintered advanced WC-Al2O3 composites reinforced by graphene platelets
Authors: Dar Yunis A. , Sheikh Nazir A.
Published: December 2024

Alumina-based tungsten carbide composites reinforced by different weight percentages of graphene platelets (GPLs) were successfully sintered by latest spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The WC-Al2O3-GPLs composites were fabricated to design advanced tool materials to acquire an optimum set of mechanical, thermal and anti-wear properties for high-temperature cutting tool applications. This study has the novelty that such composites have not been developed using SPS. The addition of GPLs to composites enhanced the microstructure, however the optimum mechanical and thermal properties were exhibited with the composite having lesser addition of GPLs. At higher levels of GPLs addition, the microstructures and properties of composites were degraded on account of stacking/agglomeration of GPLs. It was observed that SPS delivered better densification and microstructures as compared to other conventional sintering. The mechanical properties were best revealed by the sample with 0.6 wt. % of GPLs with hardness of 20.71 GPa and fracture toughness of 11.84 MPa.m1/2. The improved toughening and strengthening results of WC-Al2O3-GPLs composites were essentially acquired by inhibiting grain growth during sintering, bridging of GPLs between matrix components, and improved dispersion of composite constituents (EPMA/WDS), particle hardening and phase toughening (Al2O3, GPLs). A thermal study was conducted to investigate the thermal stability of sintered composites at higher temperatures while providing the maximum thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of 166 Wm−1K−1 and 0.276 × 10−4 m2s−1 at room temperatures. The tribological testing revealed that the composites with lesser GPLs reinforcement attributed lower coefficients of friction, better surface finish and least wear of the materials.
Patient flow analysis with fast-track MRI for suspected stroke in the emergency department and associated non-comprehensive stroke center
Authors: Sagar Malini Vendela , Gandrup Karen Lind , Jensen Diane , Krag Christian Hedeager , Boesen Mikael Ploug , Raaschou Henriette , Christensen Helle Collatz , Kruuse Christina
Published: December 2024

Background:

Good outcomes in stroke care require swift diagnostics, for which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as first-line brain imaging is superior to computed tomography scans. Reduced length of stay (LOS) in hospital and emergency departments (ED) may optimize resource use. Fast-track stroke MRI was implemented as the primary imaging technique for suspected stroke, in the ED at Copenhagen University Hospital—Herlev and Gentofte in 2020.

Objectives:

We aimed to describe and compare LOS, MRI utilization, and the rate of strokes versus stroke-mimicking conditions on the stroke ward, before and after the implementation of fast-track MRI.

Design and method:

In this cross-sectional study, we used data from admissions to the neurologic ED and associated non-comprehensive stroke unit. We compared two time periods, that is, January 1–December 31, 2019, and January 1–December 31, 2020, before and after the implementation of fast-track stroke MRI.

Results:

There were 6650 admissions before and 7201 after implementation of fast-track stroke MRI. After implementation, we observed reductions in average LOS in hospitals from 56.0 to 38.6 h ( p < 0.001), and LOS in ED from 9.17 to 8.63 h ( p < 0.001). The use of inpatient MRI increased significantly, and the rate of acute ischemic stroke patients on the ward increased yet the rate of non-strokes remained unchanged. The association between shorter admissions and access to MRI remained (odds ratio 1.81, p < 0.001), after adjusting for sex, age, weekend admissions, and lockdown periods.

Conclusion:

Fast-track stroke MRI in ED associated with reduced LOS in hospital.
Time’s up: the urgency to investigate time toxicity in patients with genitourinary malignancies
Authors: Sentana-Lledo Daniel , Morgans Alicia K.
Published: December 2024

Patients with genitourinary (GU) malignancies have seen the development of multiple life-prolonging treatments in the past decade. As patients and clinicians consider their treatment options along the cancer journey, time spent with healthcare contact, or “time toxicity,” has emerged as a new outcome measure that comprehensively considers time receiving cancer care, including planned visits for evaluation and treatment as well as unplanned urgent care addressing complications. Despite its rising study across cancer populations, there has been a surprising lack of work evaluating time toxicity in patients with GU cancers. This narrative review aims to summarize the available studies on time toxicity in cancer, with a deeper dive into the methodology, strengths and limitations, and future directions of the field. A dedicated section focused on scenarios and best practices to measure and collect data on time toxicity can serve to spark interest in evaluating this novel health outcome on GU cancer survivors. Ultimately, time toxicity is a relevant patient-centered metric that can be incorporated into clinical trial design and routine clinical care to influence clinical decision-making.
A comprehensive review on neurotrophic receptors and their implications in brain health: Exploring the neuroprotective potential of berries
Authors: Singh Lakhwinder , Wani Ab Waheed , Sadawarti Ramesh Kumar , Kaur Harjinder , Bashir Omar , Majeed Jehangir , Mirza Anis A , Sharma Jyoti , Ali Shakir , Alsalman Abdulkhaliq Jassem , Al Hawaj Maitham Abdullah , Almalak Ateef E. , Zengin Gokhan , Farid Arshad
Published: December 2024

Neurotrophic receptors are specialized proteins on the surface of neurons that regulate the growth, development, and survival of nerve cells, interacting with specific neurotrophic factors to support neuronal function and overall brain health. Key examples include the tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) family and the p75 neurotrophin receptor. This review highlights the neuroprotective potential of berries such as blueberries, strawberries, raspberries, and blackberries known for their rich content of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. These phytochemicals possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may play a critical role in neuroprotection. Emerging evidence from clinical trials suggests that berry consumption can enhance cognitive function and provide protection against age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Notably, the modulation of signaling pathways related to neurotransmission, cell survival, inflammation, and neuroplasticity underscores the significance of these fruits in neuroprotection. This review uniquely synthesizes recent findings on the specific neurotrophic factors influenced by berry-derived phytochemicals, providing insights into their mechanisms of action. Furthermore, we explore the implications of these compounds in developing functional foods aimed at preventing neurodegeneration and promoting cognitive health, thereby contributing to the growing body of research on dietary interventions for brain health.