bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elevated miRNA-499 Levels in Early Phase of Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes Predict Increased Long-Term Risk of Major Adverse Cardiac Events
Authors: Miśkowiec Dawid , Szymczyk Ewa , Wejner-Mik Paulina , Michalski Błażej , Lipiec Piotr , Simiera Michał , Kupczyńska Karolina , Kasprzak Jarosław D.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Available data suggest the diagnostic potential of testing microRNAs (miRs) in myocardial infarction, but their prognostic value remains unclear. To evaluate the prognostic value of circulating miRs (miR-1, miR-21, miR-133a, miR-208 and miR-499) for predicting major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), including death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) or cardiovascular rehospitalization, in patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS). Methods: Our prospective, single-center, observational study included patients (pts) with NSTE-ACS admitted <24 h after symptoms onset and pts with confirmed stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) as controls. Relative expression of miRs was calculated, and subjects were categorized according to miRs expression on hospital admission into two groups (≤median and >median). Results: Overall, 103 NSTE-ACS (52 NSTEMI/51 UA) and 47 SCAD pts (median age 66 years, 67% male) were included. During the median 895 (581–1134) days of the follow-up, MACE occurred in 75 (50%) patients: 20 (13%) died, 28 (19%) presented with MI, and 65 (43%) were readmitted due to cardiovascular reasons. Incidence of MI, rehospitalization and MACE was significantly higher in pts with elevated (>median) miR-499 [MI: 34.3% vs. 7.3%; HR = 6.0 (2.8–12.7) for rehospitalization; 53.7% vs. 36.2%, HR = 2.3 (1.4–3.8) for MACE; 62.7% vs. 42%, HR = 2.4 (1.5–3.8)] for hospital readmission. In the Cox proportional hazards regression model, miR-499 expression above the median level [HR = 1.8 (1.1–3.1)], high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T [HR = 1.2 (1.02–1.5)], diabetes [HR = 1.7 (1.1–2.8)] and percutaneous intervention during hospital stay [HR = 2.1 (1.1–3.8)] were identified as independent predictors of MACE in long-term observation, even after adjustment for covariates. Conclusions: Elevated miR-499 level on hospital admission in NSTE-ACS is related to an increased rate of MACE in the 2.5-year follow-up.
miR-181a/MSC-Loaded Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Collagen Accelerated Bone Defect Repair in Rats by Targeting Ferroptosis Pathway
Authors: Xu Xiongjun , Feng Junming , Lin Tianze , Liu Runheng , Chen Zhuofan
Published: December 2024

Background: The reparative regeneration of jawbone defects poses a significant challenge within the field of dentistry. Despite being the gold standard, autogenous bone materials are not without drawbacks, including a heightened risk of postoperative infections. Consequently, the development of innovative materials that can surpass the osteogenic capabilities of autologous bone has emerged as a pivotal area of research. Methods: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), known for their multilineage differentiation potential, were isolated from human umbilical cords and transfected with miR-181a. The osteogenic differentiation of miR-181a/MSC was investigated. Then, physicochemical properties of miR-181a/MSC-loaded nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAC) scaffolds were characterized, and their efficacy and underlying mechanism in rat calvarial defect repair were explored. Results: miR-181a overexpression in MSCs significantly promoted osteogenic differentiation, as evidenced by increased alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of osteogenic markers. The miR-181a/MSC-loaded nHAC scaffolds exhibited favorable bioactivity and accelerated bone tissue repair and collagen secretion in vivo. Mechanistic studies reveal that miR-181a directly targeted the TP53/SLC7A11 pathway, inhibiting ferroptosis and enhancing the osteogenic capacity of MSCs. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that miR-181a/MSC-loaded nHAC scaffolds significantly enhance the repair of bone defects by promoting osteogenic differentiation and inhibiting ferroptosis. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating MSC osteogenesis and offer a promising therapeutic strategy for bone defect repair.
Microstructural Analysis of the Human Scapula: Mandibular Bone Tissue Engineering Perspectives
Authors: Tsiklin Ilya L. , Bezdenezhnych Denis S. , Mantsagov Aleksei S. , Kolsanov Alexandr V. , Volova Larisa T.
Published: December 2024

Mandibular bone defect reconstruction remains a significant challenge for surgeons worldwide. Among multiple biodegradable biopolymers, allogeneic bone scaffolds derived from human sources have been used as an alternative to autologous bone grafts, providing optimal conditions for cell recruitment, adhesion, and proliferation and demonstrating significant osteogenic properties. This study aims to investigate the bone microstructure of the human scapula as a source for allogeneic bone scaffold fabrication for mandibular tissue engineering purposes. We created color-coded anatomical maps of the scapula and the mandible, reflecting the best anatomical and geometrical match. In this pilot study, we hypothesized a microstructural similarity of these bone structures and evaluated the human scapula’s bone tissue engineering potential for mandibular bone tissue engineering by focusing on the microstructural characteristics. Lyophilized human scapular and mandibular bioimplants were manufactured and sterilized. Experimental bone samples from the scapula’s acromion, coracoid, and lateral border from the mandibular condyle, mandibular angle, and mental protuberance were harvested and analyzed using micro-CT and quantitative morphometric analysis. This pilot study demonstrates significant microstructural qualitative and quantitative intra-group differences in the scapular and mandibular experimental bone samples harvested from the various anatomical regions. The revealed microstructural similarity of the human scapular and mandibular bone samples, to a certain extent, supports the stated hypothesis and, thus, allows us to suggest the human scapula as an alternative off-the-shelf allogeneic scaffold for mandibular reconstruction and bone tissue engineering applications.
Synergetic Use of Bare Soil Composite Imagery and Multitemporal Vegetation Remote Sensing for Soil Mapping (A Case Study from Samara Region’s Upland)
Authors: Chinilin Andrey V. , Lozbenev Nikolay I. , Shilov Pavel M. , Fil Pavel P. , Levchenko Ekaterina A. , Kozlov Daniil N.
Published: December 2024

This study presents an approach for predicting soil class probabilities by integrating synthetic composite imagery of bare soil with long-term vegetation remote sensing data and soil survey data. The goal is to develop detailed soil maps for the agro-innovation center “Orlovka-AIC” (Samara Region), with a focus on lithological heterogeneity. Satellite data were sourced from a cloud-filtered collection of Landsat 4–5 and 7 images (April–May, 1988–2010) and Landsat 8–9 images (June–August, 2012–2023). Bare soil surfaces were identified using threshold values for NDVI (<0.06), NBR2 (<0.05), and BSI (>0.10). Synthetic bare soil images were generated by calculating the median reflectance values across available spectral bands. Following the adoption of no-till technology in 2012, long-term average NDVI values were additionally calculated to assess the condition of agricultural lands. Seventy-one soil sampling points within “Orlovka-AIC” were classified using both the Russian and WRB soil classification systems. Logistic regression was applied for pixel-based soil class prediction. The model achieved an overall accuracy of 0.85 and a Cohen’s Kappa coefficient of 0.67, demonstrating its reliability in distinguishing the two main soil classes: agrochernozems and agrozems. The resulting soil map provides a robust foundation for sustainable land management practices, including erosion prevention and land use optimization.
Identification of Novel Inhibitors of Starch Excess 4 (SEX4)
Authors: Lee Damhee , Lee Dongsun , Won Kyujeong , Kim Suhyun , Kim Youngjun
Published: December 2024

This study identified several inhibitors of Starch Excess 4 (SEX4), an enzyme in plants’ starch decomposition. Our research aims to inhibit starch breakdown by SEX4 with its potential to significantly impact food security, leading to starch accumulation in plants such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, and significant crops like grains and rice. We recognized potential candidates by screening approximately 1840 chemical compounds using the phosphatase assay against pNPP. The IC50 values of the selected candidates were determined through the pNPP assay and the amylopectin assay, while Ki values were confirmed by calculating Vmax, KM, and kcat values. Finally, we compared the IC50 values of Like Sex Four 2 (LSF2) and SEX4 to assess their selectivity. This screening yielded several potential inhibitory compounds, with F05 showing promise in the pNPP assay and F09 and G11 in the amylopectin assay, all demonstrating more selectivity for SEX4 than LSF2. Consequently, we identified seven chemicals as promising inhibitor compounds, offering potential for future research and applications. However, further quantitative structure–activity relationship studies and the practical application to test selected compounds on crops will be necessary in future research.
Composite Anion Exchange Membranes Containing a Long-Side Chain Ionomer and Exfoliated Lamellar Double Hydroxides
Authors: Narducci Riccardo , Syahputra Suanto , Di Vona Maria Luisa , Knauth Philippe , Pasquini Luca
Published: December 2024

Anion Exchange Membranes (AEMs) are promising materials for electrochemical devices, such as fuel cells and electrolyzers. However, the main drawback of AEMs is their low durability in alkaline operating conditions. A possible solution is the use of composite ionomers containing inorganic fillers stable in a basic environment. In this work, composite anion exchange membranes are prepared from poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) with quaternary ammonium groups on long-side chains (PPO-LC) and exfoliated Mg/Al lamellar double hydroxide (LDH) as inorganic filler added in different percentages (2, 5, and 10%). The mechanical stiffness of the membranes increases significantly by the addition of exfoliated LDH up to 5%. The ionic conductivity is measured as a function of the temperature in fully humidified conditions and as a function of relative humidity (RH). The maximum conductivity is observed for 5% LDH. The average activation energy for conductivity amounts to 0.20 ± 0.01 eV in fully humidified conditions and >50% RH. Thermogravimetric analysis of membranes before and after alkaline degradation tests (2 M KOH @ 80 °C, 48 h) reveals that the sample with 5% LDH has improved stability (19% vs. 36% of degradation). The stability tests are also investigated, measuring the ionic conductivity and the water uptake. A protective effect of LDH on the alkaline degradation of quaternary ammonium groups is clearly evidenced and opens the way to the use of different compounds and exfoliation methods in the LDH family.
Cyperus rotundus Extract and Its Active Metabolite α-Cyperone Alleviates Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathic Pain via the Modulation of the Norepinephrine Pathway
Authors: Park Keun-Tae , Sim Insuk , Lee Jae-Chul , Jin Young-Ho , Kim Woojin
Published: December 2024

Background: Paclitaxel is a widely used anticancer drug for ovarian, lung, breast, and stomach cancers; however, its clinical use is often limited by the side effects of peripheral neuropathy. This study evaluated the effects of Cyperus rotundus (C. rotundus) extract and its active metabolite, α-cyperone, on paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain. Methods: The oral administration of C. rotundus extract at doses of 500 mg/kg and intraperitoneal administration of α-cyperone at doses of 480 and 800 μg/kg prevented both the development of cold and mechanical pain. Results: The gene and protein expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase and noradrenergic receptors (α1- and α2-adrenergic), which were upregulated by paclitaxel, were significantly downregulated in the C. rotundus extract-treated group. In the locus coeruleus region of the mouse brain, C. rotundus extract administration also reduced the elevated expression of tyrosine hydroxylase induced by paclitaxel. The concentration of α-cyperone in C. rotundus extract was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the group treated with α-cyperone, at levels corresponding to its content in C. rotundus, both cold and mechanical allodynia were effectively prevented. Conclusions: This study suggests that α-cyperone shows potential as a preventive agent for paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain.
Novel Copper(II) Coordination Compounds Containing Pyridine Derivatives of N4-Methoxyphenyl-Thiosemicarbazones with Selective Anticancer Activity
Authors: Rusnac Roman , Garbuz Olga , Kravtsov Victor , Melnic Elena , Istrati Dorin , Tsapkov Victor , Poirier Donald , Gulea Aurelian
Published: December 2024

Ten coordination compounds, [Cu(L1)Cl] (C1), [Cu(L1)NO3] (C2), [Cu(L2)Cl] (C3), [Cu(L2)NO3] (C4), [Cu(L3)Cl] (C5), [Cu(L3)NO3] (C6), [Cu(L4)NO3] (C7), [Cu(L4)Cl] (C8), [Cu(L5)Cl] (C9), and [Cu(L5)NO3] (C10), containing pyridine derivatives of N4-methoxyphenyl-thiosemicarbazones were synthesized and characterized. The molecular structure of four compounds was investigated using single crystal X-ray diffraction. Spectral analysis techniques such as FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis, and molar conductivity were used for all the synthesized compounds. The tested synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anticancer activity and selectivity against a variety of cancer cell lines, including HL-60, LNCaP, MCF-7, HepG-2, K-562, HeLa, BxPC-3, RD, and MDCK normal cell line. Most compounds demonstrated selective anticancer activity superior to doxorubicin. Notably, all ligands showed high antiproliferative activity against HL-60 cells, with IC50 values between 0.01 and 0.06 µM and a selectivity index as high as 5000. Coordination of copper(II) with ligands HL1 and HL3 notably enhanced antiproliferative activity, lowering the IC50 to 0.03 µM. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of these compounds was assessed, revealing that all tested ligands and most coordination compounds exhibited greater antioxidant activity compared to Trolox, with some ligands showing activity up to 12.3 times higher. Toxicity studies on Daphnia magna indicated low toxicity for the ligands, generally less than doxorubicin, with LC50 values ranging from 13 to 90 µM, suggesting moderate toxicity. Conversely, the coordination complexes were more toxic, with LC50 values between 0.5 and 13 µM.
A Spectral Method for Rapidly Determining the Linear Birefringence of Thin Polymer Films
Authors: Dorohoi Dana Ortansa , Dimitriu Dan Gheorghe
Published: December 2024

A rapid and simple spectral method for determining the linear birefringence of thin anisotropic films, using the channeled spectra, is proposed in this article. Two channeled spectra must be recorded for a transparent system containing a thick anisotropic layer and a thin stretched polymer film, when the two anisotropic uniaxial layers have parallel and perpendicular optical axes, respectively. The sum and difference of the two channeled spectra indicate (by the positions of the maxima and minima in the resulting channeled spectra) the phase difference introduced by the thin polymer film. One must measure with precision only the thickness of the polymer film in order to compute the linear birefringence of the thin polymer film, using the position of the maxima and minima of the sum and difference. The experimental data obtained for poly (vinyl alcohol)—PVA—and poly (ethylene terephthalate)—PET—films attest to the applicability of the proposed method to the uniaxial transparent polymeric thin films.
Identification of Bioactive Compounds from the Roots of Rehmannia glutinosa and Their In Silico and In Vitro AMPK Activation Potential
Authors: Lee Hwaryeong , Youn Isoo , Noh Sang Gyun , Kim Hyun Woo , Song Eunhye , Nam Sang-Jip , Chung Hae Young , Seo Eun Kyoung
Published: December 2024

Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch., which belongs to the Orobanchaceae family, is a perennial herb found in China, Japan, and Korea. In traditional medicine, it is used to cool the body, improve water metabolism in the kidney, and provide protection from metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. In this study, three new compounds were isolated from the roots of R. glutinosa, along with eighteen known compounds. Structure elucidation was performed with spectroscopic analyses including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. As the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway is reportedly related to metabolic diseases, AMPK activation studies were conducted using in silico simulations and in vitro assays. Among the isolated compounds, 1 showed a potential as an AMPK activator in both in silico simulations and in vitro experiments. Our findings expand the chemical profiles of the plant R. glutinosa and suggest that one newly found compound (1) activates AMPK.
Org24598, a Selective Glycine Transporter 1 (GlyT1) Inhibitor, Reverses Object Recognition and Spatial Memory Impairments Following Binge-like Ethanol Exposure in Rats
Authors: Filarowska-Jurko Joanna , Grochecki Pawel , Gibuła-Tarlowska Ewa , Listos Joanna , Kedzierska Ewa , Socha Justyna , Smaga Irena , Slowik Tymoteusz , Filip Małgorzata , Kotlinska Jolanta H.
Published: December 2024

The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor is a major target of ethanol, and it is implicated in learning and memory formation, and other cognitive functions. Glycine acts as a co-agonist for this receptor. We examined whether Org24598, a selective inhibitor of glycine transporter1 (GlyT1), affects ethanol withdrawal-induced deficits in recognition memory (Novel Object Recognition (NOR) task) and spatial memory (Barnes Maze (BM) task) in rats, and whether the NMDA receptor glycine site participates in this phenomenon. Male Wistar rats were habituated to NOR or BM tasks, and then received binge-like intragastric ethanol administration (5 days, 5 g/kg). After ethanol withdrawal, Org24598 (0.1, 0.3, and 0.6 mg/kg) was administered 30 min before NOR (day 10 of withdrawal) or the reversal learning phase of BM (day 11–13 of withdrawal) task. The expression of GluN1 and GluN2B subunits of NMDA receptors were measured in the perirhinal cortex (PRC) and hippocampus (HIP) after termination of NOR. In the BM task, a glycine antagonist, L-701,324 (5 mg/kg), was administered 30 min before Org24598 to confirm the involvement of the NMDA receptor glycine site in the effects of Org24598. Our study showed that binge-like ethanol administration induced recognition and spatial memory impairments after withdrawal in rats. Additionally, an up-regulation of GluN1 and GluN2B subunits of the NMDA receptor was observed in the HIP and PRC on day 11 of abstinence. Org24598 ameliorated memory loss and normalized the expression of these subunits. L-701,324 reversed the effect of Org24598. Thus, NMDA receptor glycine sites are important in ethanol withdrawal-induced memory impairments.
Construction of Heterostructured Ni3S2@V-NiFe(III) LDH for Enhanced OER Performance
Authors: Dong Qianqian , Zhong Qijun , Zhou Jie , Li Yuhao , Wang Yujing , Cai Jiayang , Yu Shuangwei , He Xiong , Zhang Shaohui
Published: December 2024

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which involves a four-electron transfer and slow kinetics, requires an efficient catalyst to overcome the high energy barrier for high-performance water electrolysis. In this paper, a novel Ni3S2@V-NiFe(III) LDH/NF catalyst was prepared via a facile two-step hydrothermal method. The constructed heterostructure of Ni3S2@V-NiFe(III) LDH increases the specific surface area and regulates the electronic structure. Furthermore, the introduction of the V element forms an electron transport chain of Ni-O-Fe-O-V-O-Ni, which optimizes the binding energy between metal active sites and oxygen evolution reaction intermediates, accelerates electron transfer, and improves self-reconstruction. With this dual regulation strategy, Ni3S2@V-NiFe(III) LDH/NF exhibits exceptional OER performance with an overpotential of 280 mV at 100 mA/cm2 and a Tafel slope of 45.4 mV/dec. This work develops a dual regulation strategy combining heterostructure formation and the doping effect, which are beneficial in the design of efficient OER catalysts.
Advanced Analysis of Clay Microporosity Using High-Resolution N2-Ar Adsorption Isotherms Coupled with the Derivative Isotherm Summation Method
Authors: El Azrak Anwar , Grekov Denys I. , Truche Laurent , Pré Pascaline
Published: December 2024

The textural properties of synthetic and natural clays in the sodium form and exchanged with tetramethylammonium cations (TMA+) were characterized using N2 and Ar physisorption isotherms at cryogenic temperatures. Specific surface areas and micro/mesoporous volumes were determined using the BET and the t-plot models. The t-plot analysis requires the use of reference isotherms measured at the same temperature on the surface of non-porous materials with an identical chemical composition. In order to better assess the effects of chemical heterogeneities in the clay particles, reference isotherms representative of silica surfaces were taken into account in the analysis of the t-curve and corrected to account for variations in curvature at the interface of the film adsorbed in the micropores. In addition, high-resolution Ar adsorption isotherms at 87 K were analyzed using the Derivative Isotherm Summation (DIS) method to quantify the energy contributions of adsorption sites and determine the fractions of basal and lateral surfaces of clay particles. The high-energy adsorption sites, identified in the low-pressure range, were attributed to intra-particle microporosity due to stacking defects and/or open inter-layer spaces. These sites were differentiated from those on the lateral and basal surfaces of the particles. A modification of the DIS method was proposed to measure these contributions and improve the fit with the experimental data. The results show that TMA+ cation exchange significantly increases the microporosity of clays compared to their sodic form, which can be attributed to the increased contribution of intra-particle adsorption sites due to interlayer expansion.
The Amination of Waste Newsprint Paper with Various Aminating Agents (Ammonia Water, Ethylenediamine, and Diethylenetriamine) to Improve the Sorption Efficiency of Anionic Dyes
Authors: Jóźwiak Tomasz
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effect of aminating waste newsprint paper with different aminating agents (ammonia/ammonia water, ethylenediamine, and diethylenetriamine) for the sorption efficiency of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and Reactive Yellow 84 (RY84) dyes. To increase the amination efficiency, the paper material was pre-activated with epichlorohydrin. The scope of this study included the characterization of the sorbents tested (FTIR, elemental analysis, BET surface area, porosity, and pHPZC), determination of the influence of pH on dye sorption efficiency, sorption kinetics, and the maximum sorption capacity of the dyes. The study results showed that amination with ethylenediamine and diethylenetriamine introduced 87% and 194% more amine groups into the sorbent’s structure compared to the treatment with ammonia. The sorption efficiency of RB5 and RY84 on the sorbents tested was the highest in the pH range of 2–3. The sorption equilibrium time ranged from 90 to 150 min and was longer in the case of the unmodified sorbents. The experimental data from the study were best described by the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir 1 and 2 models. Amination had a very strong effect on the sorption capacity of newsprint. For example, the sorption capacity of newsprint paper towards RB5 (Qmax = 7.12 mg/g) increased after amination with ammonia, ethylenediamine, and diethylenetriamine to the value of Qmax = 182.78 mg/g, Qmax = 202.7 mg/g, and Qmax = 231.5 mg/g, respectively.
The Measurement of Spatiotemporal Parameters in Running at Different Velocities: A Comparison Between a GPS Unit and an Infrared Mat
Authors: Provot Thomas , Millot Benjamin , Hazotte Eline , Rousseau Thomas , Slawinski Jean
Published: December 2024

The accurate measurement of spatiotemporal parameters, such as step length and step frequency, is crucial for analyzing running and sprinting performance. Traditional methods like video analysis and force platforms are either time consuming or limited in scope, prompting the need for more efficient technologies. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a commercial Global Positioning System (GPS) unit integrated with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) in capturing these parameters during sprints at varying velocities. Five experienced male runners performed six 40 m sprints at three velocity conditions (S: Slow, M: Medium, F: Fast) while equipped with a GPS-IMU system and an optical system as the gold standard reference. A total of 398 steps were analyzed for this study. Step frequency, step length and step velocity were extracted and compared using statistical methods, including the coefficient of determination (r2) and root mean square error (RMSE). Results indicated a very large agreement between the embedded system and the reference system, for the step frequency (r2 = 0.92, RMSE = 0.14 Hz), for the step length (r2 = 0.91, RMSE = 0.07 m) and the step velocity (r2 = 0.99, RMSE = 0.17 m/s). The GPS-IMU system accurately measured spatiotemporal parameters across different running velocities, demonstrating low relative errors and high precision. This study demonstrates that GPS-IMU systems can provide comprehensive spatiotemporal data, making them valuable for both training and competition. The integration of these technologies offers practical benefits, helping coaches better understand and enhance running performance. Future improvements in sample rate acquisition GPS-IMU technology could further increase measurement accuracy and expand its application in elite sports.
Navigating Nutritional Challenges on the Way to Maximum Athletic Performance
Authors: Arnaoutis Giannis
Published: December 2024

Nutritional interventions play a vital role in the amelioration of athletic performance, with the use of specific, safe, and ergogenic supplements, such as creatine, caffeine, sodium bicarbonate, beta-alanine, and beetroot juice, demonstrating their capacity to enhance several crucial aspects of sports performance such as strength, endurance, and recovery [...]
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Gomphrenin-Rich Fraction from Basella alba L. f. rubra Fruits
Authors: Rusak Agnieszka , Mrozowska Monika , Kozłowska Weronika , Wiatrak Benita , Dzięgiel Piotr , Wybraniec Sławomir , Carev Ivana , Jama-Kmiecik Agnieszka , Matkowski Adam , Zielińska Sylwia
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Basella alba L. (Malabar spinach, Basellaceae), widely consumed as a leafy vegetable, produces dark-colored fruits rich in betacyanins, including rare 6-glycosylated derivatives called gomphrenins. Comprehensive studies on the anti-inflammatory potential of its gomphrenin fraction (A) and crude extract (B) employed various analytical and biological methods. Methods: Cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effects were tested on human and animal cell models using SRB, DCF-DA, Griess, MDA, and ELISA assays. Results: Both the crude extract and enriched gomphrenin fraction exhibited significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in vitro. They inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6, reduced oxidative stress markers (ROS, NO), and decreased lipid peroxidation. The enriched gomphrenin fraction (A) showed stronger antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, particularly in reducing ROS and NO levels, though not always concentration-dependent. Both A and B inhibited NF-κB and COX activity. Conclusions: These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of B. alba f. rubra fruit extract and betalain fraction for inflammation-related conditions, encouraging further exploration of their mechanisms and application.
Conducting Polymers in Solar Cells: Insights, Innovations, and Challenges
Authors: Yelshibay Aliya , Bukari Sherif Dei , Baptayev Bakhytzhan , Balanay Mannix P.
Published: December 2024

The pursuit of sustainable energy sources has led to significant advances in solar cell technology, with conducting polymers (CPs) emerging as key innovations. This review examines how CPs improve the performance and versatility of three important types of solar cells: dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and organic solar cells (OSCs). Polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) have shown significant potential to increase the efficiency of solar cells. In DSSCs, conducting polymers act as counter electrodes, electrolytes, and dyes, contributing to improved efficiency and stability. In PSCs, they serve as hole transport materials and electron transport materials that improve charge separation and reduce recombination losses. In OSCs, conducting polymers act as HTMs and active layers, significantly impacting device performance and enabling advances in both binary and ternary solar cell configurations. Recent research highlights the important role of conducting polymers in improving both the efficiency and stability of solar cells under different indoor and outdoor lighting conditions. Recent advances have led to impressive energy conversion efficiencies, particularly in low-light environments. This report also highlights the environmental and economic benefits associated with these materials. At the same time, it highlights the challenges associated with optimizing the materials, scalability, and ensuring long-term stability. Future research directions are outlined to overcome these obstacles and promote the commercial viability of next-generation solar technologies.
Pharmacotherapy of Liver Fibrosis and Hepatitis: Recent Advances
Authors: Zhao Liangtao , Tang Haolan , Cheng Zhangjun
Published: December 2024

Liver fibrosis is a progressive scarring process primarily caused by chronic inflammation and injury, often closely associated with viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), drug-induced liver injury, and autoimmune liver disease (AILD). Currently, there are very few clinical antifibrotic drugs available, and effective targeted therapy is lacking. Recently, emerging antifibrotic drugs and immunomodulators have shown promising results in animal studies, and some have entered clinical research phases. This review aims to systematically review the molecular mechanisms underlying liver fibrosis, focusing on advancements in drug treatments for hepatic fibrosis. Furthermore, since liver fibrosis is a progression or endpoint of many diseases, it is crucial to address the etiological treatment and secondary prevention for liver fibrosis. We will also review the pharmacological treatments available for common hepatitis leading to liver fibrosis.
Pharmacodynamic Model of the Hemodynamic Effects of Propofol and Remifentanil and Their Interaction with Noxious Stimulation
Authors: Garraza-Obaldia Maite , Jaramillo Sebastian , Parra-Guillen Zinnia P. , Valencia José F. , Gambús Pedro L. , Trocóniz Iñaki F.
Published: December 2024

Background: Despite the known impact of propofol and remifentanil on hemodynamics and patient outcomes, there is a lack of comprehensive quantitative analysis, particularly in surgical settings, considering the influence of noxious stimuli. The aim of this study was to develop a quantitative semi-mechanistic population model that characterized the time course changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) due to the effects of propofol, remifentanil, and different types of noxious stimulation related to the clinical routine. Methods: Data from a prospective study were used; the study analyzed the effects of propofol and remifentanil general anesthesia on female patients in physical status of I-II according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA I-II) undergoing gynecology surgery. Patients were consecutively assigned to different administration schemes of propofol and remifentanil targeted at different effect-site concentrations. Esophageal instrumentation, laryngeal mask airway insertion, hysteroscopy, and tetanus stimuli were applied. Data from patients with chronic hypertension were discarded. Results: MAP and HR observations from 77 patients were analyzed. The hemodynamic effects were described using turn-over models incorporating feedback mechanisms. Analyses revealed that propofol and remifentanil elicited effects on the turn-over of MAP and HR, respectively, with estimates of plasma drug concentrations causing an inhibition-half of the maximum effect (C50) of 8.79 µg∙mL−1 and 4.57 ng∙mL−1. Hysteroscopy exerted an increase in MAP (but not in HR), which was well-characterized by the model, with a predicted typical increase of 28 mmHg and a dissipation half-life of 33 min. The impact of other noxious stimuli on MAP or HR could not be identified. Model simulations indicated that propofol and remifentanil, titrated to inhibit the motor response to noxious stimuli, regardless of dose combinations, cause a significant risk of hypotension, especially following induction and at the end of surgery (when surgical intervention is completed, before the awakening phase). Conclusions: The developed semi-mechanistic and fully identifiable model provides quantitative information on how propofol, remifentanil, and surgical stimulus (hysteroscopy) interact to produce the hemodynamic changes (of MAP and HR) commonly observed in clinical practice.
Potential of Cricket Chitosan for Nanoparticle Development Through Ionotropic Gelation: Novel Source for Cosmeceutical Delivery Systems
Authors: Inthorn Jirasit , Chomchalao Pratthana , Rithchumpon Puracheth , Juntrapirom Saranya , Kanjanakawinkul Watchara , Rades Thomas , Chaiyana Wantida
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Crickets are recognized as an alternative source of chitosan. This study aimed to assess the potential of cricket-derived chitosan as a natural source to develop chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs). Methods: Chitosan were isolated from different cricket species, including Gryllus bimaculatus, Teleogryllus mitratus, and Acheta domesticus. The isolated chitosan were characterized by their functional groups, crystallographic and thermal properties, molecular structure, morphology, water solubility, molecular weight, binding capacity, irritation potential, and cytotoxicity in comparison to commercial shrimp-based chitosan. CNPs were developed through an ionotropic gelation method, followed by the evaluation of particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential. Results: The findings of this study indicate that chitosan can be successfully isolated from the three cricket species, with yields ranging from 4.35% to 5.22% w/w of the dried material. The characteristics of cricket-based chitosan were similar to those of commercial chitosan, except that the cricket-based chitosan displayed a higher crystallinity and a lower molecular weight. Additionally, CPNs were successfully produced from cricket-based chitosan using sodium citrate as a crosslinking agent. All cricket-based chitosan exhibited no irritation or cytotoxicity. Chitosan derived from A. domesticus however was found to be the most suitable to develop CPNs, as it produced the smallest particle size (522.0 ± 12.1 nm) with a comparatively narrow PDI (0.388 ± 0.026) and an acceptable positive zeta potential (34.2 ± 4.4 mV). Conclusions: Cricket-derived chitosan compares favorably with crustacean-derived chitosan and showed potential for a range of applications, including the use as a nanocosmeceutical delivery system in topical and cosmetic formulations.
Effects of Cyclic Aeration Subsurface Drip Irrigation on Greenhouse Tomato Quality and Water and Fertilizer Use Efficiency
Authors: Liu Zhongqiu , Long Kaidi , Zeng Jian , Zhang Yan , Shi Qinghua , Hui Bing , Zhang Peng , Papadakis George , Zhang Qian
Published: December 2024

Tomato (Jinglu 6335) was selected for assessing the impact of varying fertilizer (F:N-P2O5-K2O) and aeration rates on crop quality, as well as water and fertilizer utilization efficiency during the cyclic aeration subsurface drip irrigation process. Four aeration treatments (O1, O2, O3, and S, representing aeration ratios of 16.25%, 14.58%, 11.79%, and non-aerated treatment, respectively) and three fertilizer applications (F1: 240–120–150 kg/hm2, F2: 180–90–112.5 kg/hm2, F3: 120–60–75 kg/hm2) were compared in a total of 12 treatments in this study. This study revealed that cyclic aerated drip irrigation improved the fruit quality. The aerated treatment resulted in increased accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, with the level of aeration positively correlating with the increase in nutrient accumulation, reaching the highest values in the high aeration irrigation treatment. The highest nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and water use efficiency occurred under the medium fertilizer with high aeration treatment. The maximum partial productivity of the fertilizer occurred under the low fertilizer with high aeration treatment, while the minimum occurred in the high fertilizer with non-aerated treatment. Taking all factors into consideration, the high-aeration and medium-fertilizer treatment was the most effective combination for greenhouse tomatoes under the conditions in this experiment.
Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of a Novel Composite PVC-ZnO Membrane for Ciprofloxacin Removal by Polymer-Enhanced Ultrafiltration
Authors: Seansukato Sirisak , Arthanareeswaran Gangasalam , Taweepreda Wirach
Published: December 2024

Water pollution is a major global issue, and antibiotic drugs released into aquatic environments by the pharmaceutical industry, such as ciprofloxacin, have negative consequences on both human health and the ecosystem. In this study, the performance of PVA as a polymer ligand for ciprofloxacin (CPFX) removal is evaluated through polymer-enhanced ultrafiltration using a novel composite PVC-ZnO membrane. The initial concentration of the ciprofloxacin solution, pH, ionic strength, ideal polymer concentration, duration, and maximum retention capacity were among the factors that were examined. In order to remove ciprofloxacin from water, PVA is utilized as a polymeric binding agent in a complex manufacturing process. In this instance, the PVC-ZnO membrane with 1.0 weight percent ZnO had a 96.77% ciprofloxacin clearance rate. PVA polymer has a high clearance rate of 99.98% in 1wt% of ZnO in this composite membrane when added to the ciprofloxacin solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the production and features of composite PVC-ZnO membranes. It is anticipated that this study’s discussion will be crucial to the development of higher-quality membrane technologies that remove pharmaceutical active chemicals from wastewater in an environmentally responsible manner without endangering the ecosystem. This investigation showed that composite PVC-ZnO membranes were effective materials for efficient removal of ciprofloxacin (CPFX).
Investigation of Damping Properties of Natural Fiber-Reinforced Composites at Various Impact Energy Levels
Authors: Şimşir Ercan , Akçin Ergün Yelda , Yavuz İbrahim
Published: December 2024

Natural fiber-reinforced composites are composite materials composed of natural fibers, such as plant fibers and synthetic biopolymers. These environmentally friendly composites are biodegradable, renewable, cheap, lightweight, and low-density, attracting attention as eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic fiber-reinforced composites. In this study, natural fiber-reinforced polymer foam core layered composites were produced for the automotive industry. Fabrics woven from goat wool were used as the natural fiber. Polymer foam with expanded polystyrene (EPS) and extruded polystyrene (XPS) structures was used as the core material. During production, fibers were bonded to the upper and lower layers of the core structures using resin. The hand lay-up method was used in production. After resin application, the samples were cured under a heated press for 2 h. After the production was completed, the material was cut according to the standards (10-20-30 Joule), and impact and bending tests were conducted at three different energy levels. The experiments revealed that at 10 J, the material exhibited rebound; at 20 J, it showed resistance to stabbing; and at 30 J, it experienced penetration. While EPS foam demonstrated higher impact resistance in the 10 J test, it was found that XPS foam exhibited better impact resistance and absorption capabilities in the 20 J and 30 J tests. Due to the open and semi-closed cell structure of EPS foams and the closed cell structure of XPS foams, it has been concluded that XPS foams exhibit higher impact resistance and better energy absorption properties
Microstructural Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Microcellulose from Bamboo (Bambusa longispatha) for Reinforcing Ordinary Portland Cement Matrix
Authors: Thipchai Parichat , Jantanasakulwong Kittisak , Sawangrat Choncharoen , Suhr Jonghwan , Khotchapong Kittiphat , Wattanachai Pitiwat , Rachtanapun Pornchai
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the microstructural characterization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and microcellulose (MC) extracted from bamboo fibers (Bambusa longispatha) and their potential as reinforcement agents in ordinary Portland cement (OPC) composites. CNC with a mean particle size of 29.3 nm and MC with a mean size of 14.6 × 103 nm were incorporated into OPC at varying concentrations (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% by cement mass). The compressive strength analysis revealed that increasing MC content led to a decrease in strength, with reductions ranging from 8.8% to 25.9% relative to the control OPC, while the CNC-enhanced composite at 0.4% achieved the highest compressive strength of 43.2 MPa. Flexural strength analysis indicated a minor increase in strength with MC addition (from 7.5 MPa to 8.1 MPa), while CNC addition at 0.1% improved flexural strength to 8.2 MPa but declined with higher concentrations. SEM and stereo microscopy demonstrated MC and CNC dispersion and highlighted microstructural differences, including pore distribution in the composites. XRD analysis showed increased crystallinity for CNC composites compared to pure OPC, with the highest crystallinity index of 52.2% observed at 0.4% CNC. This study highlights that CNC at specific concentrations can enhance OPC mechanical properties, while higher MC and CNC additions may impact strength properties variably due to their microstructural integration and crystallinity. These findings support the potential for bamboo-derived cellulose materials in enhancing cementitious composite performance.
Monitoring Cold-Region Water Cycles Using Remote Sensing Big Data
Authors: Li Hongyi , Hao Xiaohua , Ran Youhua , Xiao Pengfeng
Published: December 2024

In recent years, under the backdrop of global warming and intensifying extreme climates, water cycle processes in cold regions have been undergoing profound changes [...]
Wearable Solutions Using Physiological Signals for Stress Monitoring on Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Cano Sandra , Cubillos Claudio , Alfaro Rodrigo , Romo Andrés , García Matías , Moreira Fernando
Published: December 2024

Some previous studies have focused on using physiological signals to detect stress in individuals with ASD through wearable devices, yet few have focused on how to design such solutions. Wearable technology may be a valuable tool to aid parents and caregivers in monitoring the emotional states of individuals with ASD who are at high risk of experiencing very stressful situations. However, effective wearable devices for individuals with ASD may need to differ from solutions for those without ASD. People with ASD often have sensory sensitivity and may, therefore, not tolerate certain types of accessories and experience discomfort when using them. We used the Scopus, PubMed, WoS, and IEEE-Xplore databases to search for studies published from 2014 to 2024 to answer four research questions related to wearable solutions for individuals with ASD, physiological parameters, and techniques/processes used for stress detection. Our review found 31 articles; not all studies considered individuals with ASD, and some were beyond the scope of this review. Most of the studies reviewed are based on cardiac activity for stress monitoring using photoplethysmography (PPG) and electrocardiography (ECG). However, limitations include small sample sizes, variability in study conditions, and the need for customization in stress detection algorithms. In addition, there is a need to customize the stress threshold due to the device’s high individual variability and sensitivity. The potential of wearable solutions for stress monitoring in ASD is evident, but challenges include the need for user-friendly and unobtrusive designs and integrating these technologies into comprehensive care plans.
Towards an Accurate Real-Time Digital Elevation Model Using Various GNSS Techniques
Authors: Abdelazeem Mohamed , Abazeed Amgad , Kamal Hussain A. , Mohamed Mudathir O. A.
Published: December 2024

The objective of our research is to produce a digital elevation model (DEM) in a real-time domain. For this purpose, GNSS measurements are obtained from a kinematic trajectory in a clear location in New Aswan City, Egypt. Different real-time processing solutions are employed, including real-time precise point positioning (RT-PPP) and real-time kinematics (RTK); additionally, the widely used post-processed precise point positioning (PPP) processing scenario is used. Thereafter, the acquired positioning estimates are compared with the traditional kinematic differential GNSS solution counterparts. To achieve the RT-PPP mode, the instantaneous products from the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) are utilized. Our proposed models are validated for both kinematic positioning and DEM accuracies. For kinematic positioning accuracy validation, the findings indicate that the three-dimensional position is about 0.480 m, 0.101 m, and 0.628 for RT-PPP, RTK, and PPP solutions, respectively. Furthermore, the DEM accuracy investigation shows that the produced DEMs have accuracies within 0.249 m, 0.005 m, and 0.264 m for RT-PPP, RTK, and PPP solutions, respectively.