bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green Gas for Grid as an Eco-Friendly Alternative Insulation Gas to SF6: A Review
Authors: Pan Baofeng , Wang Guoming , Shi Huimin , Shen Jiahua , Ji Hong-Keun , Kil Gyung-Suk
Published: April 2020

This paper deals with a review of the state-of-the-art performance investigations of green gas for grid (g3) gas, which is an emerging eco-friendly alternative insulation gas for sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) that will be used in gas-insulated power facilities for reducing environmental concerns. The required physical and chemical properties of insulation gas for high-voltage applications are discussed, including dielectric strength, arc-quenching capability, heat dissipation, boiling point, vapor pressure, compatibility, and environmental and safety requirements. Current studies and results on AC, DC, and lightning impulse breakdown voltage, as well as the partial discharge of g3 gas, are provided, which indicate an equivalent dielectric strength of g3 gas with SF6 after a proper design change or an increase in gas pressure. The switching bus-transfer current test, temperature rise test, and liquefaction temperature calculation also verify the possibility of replacing SF6 with g3 gas. In addition, the use of g3 gas significantly reduces theabovementioned environmental concerns in terms of global warming potential and atmosphere lifetime. In recent years, g3 gas-insulated power facilities, including switchgear, transmission line, circuit breaker, and transformer, have been commercially available in the electric power industry.
An Alternative to PCA for Estimating Dominant Patterns of Climate Variability and Extremes, with Application to U.S. and China Seasonal Rainfall
Authors: Jewson Stephen
Published: April 2020

Floods and droughts are driven, in part, by spatial patterns of extreme rainfall. Heat waves are driven by spatial patterns of extreme temperature. It is therefore of interest to design statistical methodologies that allow the rapid identification of likely patterns of extreme rain or temperature from observed historical data. The standard work-horse for the rapid identification of patterns of climate variability in historical data is Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and its variants. But PCA optimizes for variance not spatial extremes, and so there is no particular reason why the first PCA spatial pattern should identify, or even approximate, the types of patterns that may drive floods, droughts or heatwaves, even if the linear assumptions underlying PCA are correct. We present an alternative pattern identification algorithm that makes the same linear assumptions as PCA, but which can be used to explicitly optimize for spatial extremes. We call the method Directional Component Analysis (DCA), since it involves introducing a preferred direction, or metric, such as “sum of all points in the spatial field”. We compare the first PCA and DCA spatial patterns for U.S. and China winter and summer rainfall anomalies, using the sum metric for the definition of DCA in order to focus on total rainfall anomaly over the domain. In three out of four of the examples the first DCA spatial pattern is more uniform over a wide area than the first PCA spatial pattern and as a result is more obviously relevant to large-scale flooding or drought. Also, in all cases the definitions of PCA and DCA result in the first PCA spatial pattern having the larger explained variance of the two patterns, while the first DCA spatial pattern, when scaled appropriately, has a higher likelihood and greater total rainfall anomaly, and indeed is the pattern with the highest total rainfall anomaly for a given likelihood. The first DCA spatial pattern is arguably the best answer to the question: what single spatial pattern is most likely to drive large total rainfall anomalies in the future? It is also simpler to calculate than PCA. In combination PCA and DCA patterns yield more insight into rainfall variability and extremes than either pattern on its own.
Liver Fibrosis: Mechanistic Concepts and Therapeutic Perspectives
Authors: Roehlen Natascha , Crouchet Emilie , Baumert Thomas F.
Published: April 2020

Liver fibrosis due to viral or metabolic chronic liver diseases is a major challenge of global health. Correlating with liver disease progression, fibrosis is a key factor for liver disease outcome and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite different mechanism of primary liver injury and disease-specific cell responses, the progression of fibrotic liver disease follows shared patterns across the main liver disease etiologies. Scientific discoveries within the last decade have transformed the understanding of the mechanisms of liver fibrosis. Removal or elimination of the causative agent such as control or cure of viral infection has shown that liver fibrosis is reversible. However, reversal often occurs too slowly or too infrequent to avoid life-threatening complications particularly in advanced fibrosis. Thus, there is a huge unmet medical need for anti-fibrotic therapies to prevent liver disease progression and HCC development. However, while many anti-fibrotic candidate agents have shown robust effects in experimental animal models, their anti-fibrotic effects in clinical trials have been limited or absent. Thus, no approved therapy exists for liver fibrosis. In this review we summarize cellular drivers and molecular mechanisms of fibrogenesis in chronic liver diseases and discuss their impact for the development of urgently needed anti-fibrotic therapies.
MeCP2 and Chromatin Compartmentalization
Authors: Schmidt Annika , Zhang Hui , Cardoso M. Cristina
Published: April 2020

Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is a multifunctional epigenetic reader playing a role in transcriptional regulation and chromatin structure, which was linked to Rett syndrome in humans. Here, we focus on its isoforms and functional domains, interactions, modifications and mutations found in Rett patients. Finally, we address how these properties regulate and mediate the ability of MeCP2 to orchestrate chromatin compartmentalization and higher order genome architecture.
Improved Prediction of miRNA-Disease Associations Based on Matrix Completion with Network Regularization
Authors: Ha Jihwan , Park Chihyun , Park Chanyoung , Park Sanghyun
Published: April 2020

The identification of potential microRNA (miRNA)-disease associations enables the elucidation of the pathogenesis of complex human diseases owing to the crucial role of miRNAs in various biologic processes and it yields insights into novel prognostic markers. In the consideration of the time and costs involved in wet experiments, computational models for finding novel miRNA-disease associations would be a great alternative. However, computational models, to date, are biased towards known miRNA-disease associations; this is not suitable for rare miRNAs (i.e., miRNAs with a few known disease associations) and uncommon diseases (i.e., diseases with a few known miRNA associations). This leads to poor prediction accuracies. The most straightforward way of improving the performance is by increasing the number of known miRNA-disease associations. However, due to lack of information, increasing attention has been paid to developing computational models that can handle insufficient data via a technical approach. In this paper, we present a general framework—improved prediction of miRNA-disease associations (IMDN)—based on matrix completion with network regularization to discover potential disease-related miRNAs. The success of adopting matrix factorization is demonstrated by its excellent performance in recommender systems. This approach considers a miRNA network as additional implicit feedback and makes predictions for disease associations relevant to a given miRNA based on its direct neighbors. Our experimental results demonstrate that IMDN achieved excellent performance with reliable area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.9162 and 0.8965 in the frameworks of global and local leave-one-out cross-validations (LOOCV), respectively. Further, case studies demonstrated that our method can not only validate true miRNA-disease associations but also suggest novel disease-related miRNA candidates.
Major Depressive Disorder is Associated with Impaired Mitochondrial Function in Skin Fibroblasts
Authors: Kuffner Kerstin , Triebelhorn Julian , Meindl Katrin , Benner Christoph , Manook André , Sudria-Lopez Daniel , Siebert Ramona , Nothdurfter Caroline , Baghai Thomas C. , Drexler Konstantin , Berneburg Mark , Rupprecht Rainer , Milenkovic Vladimir M. , Wetzel Christian H.
Published: April 2020

Mitochondrial malfunction is supposed to be involved in the etiology and pathology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Here, we aimed to identify and characterize the molecular pathomechanisms related to mitochondrial dysfunction in adult human skin fibroblasts, which were derived from MDD patients or non-depressive control subjects. We found that MDD fibroblasts showed significantly impaired mitochondrial functioning: basal and maximal respiration, spare respiratory capacity, non-mitochondrial respiration and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-related oxygen consumption was lower. Moreover, MDD fibroblasts harbor lower ATP levels and showed hyperpolarized mitochondrial membrane potential. To investigate cellular resilience, we challenged both groups of fibroblasts with hormonal (dexamethasone) or metabolic (galactose) stress for one week, and found that both stressors increased oxygen consumption but lowered ATP content in MDD as well as in non-depressive control fibroblasts. Interestingly, the bioenergetic differences between fibroblasts from MDD or non-depressed subjects, which were observed under non-treated conditions, could not be detected after stress. Our findings support the hypothesis that altered mitochondrial function causes a bioenergetic imbalance, which is associated with the molecular pathophysiology of MDD. The observed alterations in the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) and other mitochondria-related properties represent a basis for further investigations of pathophysiological mechanisms and might open new ways to gain insight into antidepressant signaling pathways.
Proton Irradiation Increases the Necessity for Homologous Recombination Repair Along with the Indispensability of Non-Homologous End Joining
Authors: Szymonowicz Klaudia , Krysztofiak Adam , van der Linden Jansje , Kern Ajvar , Deycmar Simon , Oeck Sebastian , Squire Anthony , Koska Benjamin , Hlouschek Julian , Vüllings Melanie , Neander Christian , Siveke Jens T. , Matschke Johann , Pruschy Martin , Timmermann Beate , Jendrossek Verena
Published: April 2020

Technical improvements in clinical radiotherapy for maximizing cytotoxicity to the tumor while limiting negative impact on co-irradiated healthy tissues include the increasing use of particle therapy (e.g., proton therapy) worldwide. Yet potential differences in the biology of DNA damage induction and repair between irradiation with X-ray photons and protons remain elusive. We compared the differences in DNA double strand break (DSB) repair and survival of cells compromised in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), homologous recombination repair (HRR) or both, after irradiation with an equal dose of X-ray photons, entrance plateau (EP) protons, and mid spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) protons. We used super-resolution microscopy to investigate potential differences in spatial distribution of DNA damage foci upon irradiation. While DNA damage foci were equally distributed throughout the nucleus after X-ray photon irradiation, we observed more clustered DNA damage foci upon proton irradiation. Furthermore, deficiency in essential NHEJ proteins delayed DNA repair kinetics and sensitized cells to both, X-ray photon and proton irradiation, whereas deficiency in HRR proteins sensitized cells only to proton irradiation. We assume that NHEJ is indispensable for processing DNA DSB independent of the irradiation source, whereas the importance of HRR rises with increasing energy of applied irradiation.
A Facile Approach to Increasing the Foliage Retention of Pesticides Based on Coating with a Tannic Acid/Fe3+ Complex
Authors: Zhi Heng , Yu Manli , Yao Junwei , Sun Changjiao , Cui Bo , Zhao Xiang , Wang Yan , Cui Haixin , Zeng Zhanghua
Published: April 2020

The effective utilization of many conventional pesticide formulations is less than 30%, which can increase the environmental impact of these substances. This degree of waste could be reduced by improving the adhesion of pesticides to foliage. In the present work, a complex comprising tannic acid (TA) and Fe3+ ions was used to encapsulate azoxystrobin and avermectin water dispersible granule (WDG) formulations (termed Az-WDG-TA and Av-WDG-TA) to improve adhesion. The treated pesticides exhibited improved photostability as well as sustained continuous release behavior. The retention proportions of the Az-WDG-TA and Av-WDG-TA on cucumber and lettuce foliage were improved by more than 50%. The ability of solutions of these materials to wet foliage was also enhanced after coating, such that the toxicity of Av-WDG-TA to aphids and the antifungal activity of Az-WDG-TA to Fusarium oxysporum were increased by nearly 50%. Given the low cost of TA and Fe3+ compounds and the simple synthesis process, this method represents a promising means of producing foliage-adhesive pesticide formulations with increased retention and bioavailability.
Formation and Inhibition of Calcium Carbonate Crystals under Cathodic Polarization Conditions
Authors: Sheng Kun , Ge Honghua , Huang Xin , Zhang Yi , Song Yanfang , Ge Fang , Zhao Yuzeng , Meng Xinjing
Published: April 2020

The formation of CaCO3 crystals on the cathode surface and the scale-inhibition performance of scale inhibitor 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTCA) on the cathode surface were studied by methods of solution analysis, gravimetric analysis, SEM, FTIR, and XRD techniques. They were then compared with the results of the formation and suppression of CaCO3 crystals in aqueous solution. PBTCA had a good solution-scale-inhibition performance and good lattice-distortion effects on CaCO3 crystals in solution, which could change the CaCO3 from calcite to vaterite and aragonite crystals. The solution-scale-inhibition efficiency exceeded 97% when the PBTCA concentration reached 8 mg/L. Under cathodic polarization conditions, the surface-scale-inhibition efficiency of the cathode and solution-scale-inhibition efficiency near the cathode surface both exceed 97% at polarization potential of −1V. The addition of PBTCA significantly reduced the amount of CaCO3 crystals formed on the cathode surface and had good surface and solution-scale-inhibition effect. However, the lattice-distortion effect of PBTCA on CaCO3 crystals disappeared on the cathode surface, and the resulting CaCO3 contained only calcite crystals. The high-scale-inhibition effect of PBTCA under cathodic polarization was mainly due to the inhibition of the formation of calcium carbonate crystals by PBTCA, and not because of the lattice distortion of CaCO3 crystals.
Evolution of Predicted Acid Resistance Mechanisms in the Extremely Acidophilic Leptospirillum Genus
Authors: Vergara Eva , Neira Gonzalo , González Carolina , Cortez Diego , Dopson Mark , Holmes David S.
Published: April 2020

Organisms that thrive in extremely acidic environments (≤pH 3.5) are of widespread importance in industrial applications, environmental issues, and evolutionary studies. Leptospirillum spp. constitute the only extremely acidophilic microbes in the phylogenetically deep-rooted bacterial phylum Nitrospirae. Leptospirilli are Gram-negative, obligatory chemolithoautotrophic, aerobic, ferrous iron oxidizers. This paper predicts genes that Leptospirilli use to survive at low pH and infers their evolutionary trajectory. Phylogenetic and other bioinformatic approaches suggest that these genes can be classified into (i) “first line of defense”, involved in the prevention of the entry of protons into the cell, and (ii) neutralization or expulsion of protons that enter the cell. The first line of defense includes potassium transporters, predicted to form an inside positive membrane potential, spermidines, hopanoids, and Slps (starvation-inducible outer membrane proteins). The “second line of defense“ includes proton pumps and enzymes that consume protons. Maximum parsimony, clustering methods, and gene alignments are used to infer the evolutionary trajectory that potentially enabled the ancestral Leptospirillum to transition from a postulated circum-neutral pH environment to an extremely acidic one. The hypothesized trajectory includes gene gains/loss events driven extensively by horizontal gene transfer, gene duplications, gene mutations, and genomic rearrangements.
Exploring Perinatal Asphyxia by Metabolomics
Authors: Locci Emanuela , Bazzano Giovanni , Demontis Roberto , Chighine Alberto , Fanos Vassilios , d’Aloja Ernesto
Published: April 2020

Brain damage related to perinatal asphyxia is the second cause of neuro-disability worldwide. Its incidence was estimated in 2010 as 8.5 cases per 1000 live births worldwide, with no further recent improvement even in more industrialized countries. If so, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is still an issue of global health concern. It is thought that a consistent number of cases may be avoided, and its sequelae may be preventable by a prompt and efficient physical and therapeutic treatment. The lack of early, reliable, and specific biomarkers has up to now hampered a more effective use of hypothermia, which represents the only validated therapy for this condition. The urge to unravel the biological modifications underlying perinatal asphyxia and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy needs new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Metabolomics for its own features is a powerful approach that may help for the identification of specific metabolic profiles related to the pathological mechanism and foreseeable outcome. The metabolomic profiles of animal and human infants exposed to perinatal asphyxia or developing hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy have so far been investigated by means of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry coupled with gas or liquid chromatography, leading to the identification of promising metabolomic signatures. In this work, an extensive review of the relevant literature was performed.
Питання кримінальної відповідальності та запобігання корупційним кримінальним правопорушенням у положеннях окремих міжнародних документів
Authors: Боровик А.
Published: April 2020

У статті розглянуто питання кримінальної відповідальності та запобігання корупційним кримінальним правопорушенням у положеннях окремих міжнародних документів – конвенцій, резолюцій, декларацій, модельних кодексів тощо. Встановлено, що основні міжнародні документи, які регулюють питання міжнародного співробітництва різних держав світу в сфері кримінальної відповідальності та запобігання корупційним кримінальним правопорушенням, були ухвалені у період з 1975 по 2010 рр., однак лише окремі з них ратифіковані Україною.
Handover of the buildings and equipment remaining after the dissolution of the Pauline monastery in Leśna Podlaska in 1864 to the Eastern Orthodox Church and its further history
Authors: Wereda Dorota
Published: April 2020

In Leśna Podlaska, the image of Mother of God has been an object of worship since 1683. In 1727, the Leśna parish was taken over by monks from the Pauline Order. In 1875, on the basis of Tsar Alexander II's decree, the church in Leśna Podlaska, together with the venerated image, the great altar, and votive offerings, were handed over to the Eastern Orthodox Church. The remaining furnishings were transferred to 18 parish churches of the liquidated dioceses of Podlasie and Lublin. The organ was transferred to All Saints Church in Warsaw. The book collection of the Pauline monks from Leśna was donated to the library of the seminary in Lublin. In the years 1879–1881, the exterior of the church was changed, giving the building an appearance characteristic of Orthodox Church temples. Leśna Podlaska became an important centre of Russification policy carried out by Russia.
Políticas Públicas de Lazer na Amazônia (Belém, Pará)
Authors: Farias Kassia Suelen da Silva , Hamoy Juliana Azevedo , Meguis Thiliane Regina Barbosa , Bahia Mirleide Chaar , Figueiredo Silvio José de Lima
Published: April 2020

Esse estudo objetiva discorrer sobre as Políticas Públicas de Lazer na Amazônia (Belém-Pará). A pesquisa é de cunho qualitativo, exploratório, com levantamento bibliográfico, a partir de produções disponíveis da área. Na pesquisa local, utilizaram-se estudos de Lima et al. (2011), Bahia (2014), sites das Secretarias (Estadual/SEEL e Municipal/SEJEL) e análise de programas, projetos e ações de lazer de Belém, com análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 2006). Percebeu-se que a SEJEL demonstra preocupação em despertar uma visão crítica das vivências do lazer, com acesso a uma diversidade de conteúdos. Por outro lado, os objetivos da SEEL demonstraram pouca diversidade no acesso aos conteúdos, revelando que as propostas convergem para práticas físico-esportivas. De forma geral, as Políticas Públicas de Lazer das Secretarias não são suficientes para o acesso da população de Belém.
O Esporte nas Leis Orgânicas Municipais e as Políticas de Gestão
Authors: Santos Marco Aurélio Gonçalves Nóbrega dos , Freire Elisabete dos Santos , Bastos Flávia da Cunha
Published: April 2020

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar como o esporte, como direito social, tem sido inserido e considerado nos ordenamentos legais, isto é, nas Leis Orgânicas que compõem a política setorial dos 13 municípios pertencentes à UMMES (União dos Municípios da Média Sorocabana) do Estado de São Paulo. Foi possível identificar a ausência de definição do esporte enquanto direito social, o que reflete na construção de políticas públicas efetivas. Identificamos um baixo grau de exercício real da autonomia municipal numa perspectiva democrática ao esporte o que reflete na pouca ou nenhuma utilidade social e ou legislativa dos vereadores e ainda a nula e insignificante influência dos profissionais do esporte, os gestores na elaboração e participação da legislação municipal revelando a existência de uma lacuna entre poder legislativo e esporte dificultando a interlocução entre governo e sociedade.
Polineuropatía motora subaguda secundaria a intoxicación por plomo
Authors: Zúñiga Luna Mauricio , Posada Maria Camila , Rojas Maurix Fernando , Collazos Andrés
Published: April 2020

Las manifestaciones clínicas de la intoxicación por plomo son variadas e inespecíficas y continúan siendo un reto diagnóstico, en especial cuando son producto de presentaciones tan infrecuentes como las secundarias a fragmentos por proyectiles de arma de fuego intraarticulares. En suamplio espectro de manifestaciones se han descrito cambios que van desde el déficit de atenciónhasta estados más avanzados como las polineuropatías. El diagnóstico se basa principalmente enla medición del metal en distintos elementos del paciente y el tratamiento en medidas generales desoporte y terapia de quelación.

Describimos el caso de un hombre con el antecedente de una herida por arma de fuego en caderaderecha, con un cuadro clínico progresivo de dolor abdominal, anemia acompañada de punteadobasófilo y manifestaciones neurológicas. Con un estudio por electromiografía que reporto unapolineuropatía axonal desmielinizante motora y sensitiva. Sus niveles séricos de plomo fueron 113µg/dL (Rango normal hasta 10 µg/dL) y después de un esquema de tratamiento con edetato calciodisódico (EDTA) más D penicilamina los síntomas neurológicos mejoraron asociado a un controlsérico de plomo de 49.1 µg/dL.

Conclusión: la intoxicación por plomo es causa de polineuropatía motora subaguda especialmente en pacientes con exposición prolongada y niveles séricos altos de plomo
Optimizing Convolutional Neural Network Parameters for Better Image Classification
Authors: Dhingra Manik , Rawat Sarthak , Fiaidhi Jinan
Published: April 2020

The work presented here works on getting higher performances for image recognition task using convolutional neural networks on the MNIST handwritten digits data-set. A range of techniques are compared for improvements with respect to time and accuracy, such as using one-shot Extreme Learning Machines (ELM) in place of the iteratively tuned fully-connected networks for classification, using transfer learning for faster convergence of image classification, and improving the size of data-set and making robust models by image augmentation. The final implementation is hosted on cloud as a web-service for better visualization of the prediction results.
Pengaruh suhu karbonisasi terhadap kualitas karbon aktif dari limbah ampas tebu
Authors: Putri Rizka Wulandari , Haryati Sri , Rahmatullah
Published: April 2020

Produksi karbon aktif dari limbah ampas tebu dilakukan dengan metode fisika (karbonisasi) pada temperatur 300oC, 350oC dan 400oC dengan waktu pemanasan selama 2 jam, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan metode kimia pada aktivasi arang dengan menggunakan larutan pengaktif KOH. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan karakteristik karbon aktif yang dihasilkan pada parameter kadar air, kadar abu, volatile matter dan daya serap terhadap iodine. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karbon aktif dari limbah ampas tebu memiliki kualitas terbaik pada temperatur karbonisasi 300oC, dengan kadar air 8,40%, kadar abu 8,88% dan daya serap iodine sebesar 142,9. Karakteristik yang dihasilkan telah memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia untuk kriteria arang aktif serbuk
Znaczenie korporacji międzynarodowych w eksporcie towarowym Polski na tle państw Europy Środkowej w latach 2004–2018
Authors: Białowąs Tomasz
Published: April 2020

The subject of the article is the assessment of the impact of international
corporations’ activities on the development of Polish commodity
exports against the background of Central European countries in 2004–2018. The detailed analysis covers changes in the value, dynamics, product and geographical structure of exports, the importance of foreign subsidiaries of international corporations in creating export potential and the share of foreign value added in gross exports. The conducted analysis showed a high degree of dependence of Polish exports, as well as those of the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia on the operations of foreign subsidiaries of international corporations. Their share in
the total exports exceeded 50% during the analyzed period, and 85% in the exports of cars and trucks, pharmaceuticals, tobacco products, computers, electronic and optical devices. An important factor in the development of exports is the phenomenon of international fragmentation of production processes. It causes an increase in
trade turnover in subassemblies and intermediate goods. We can estimate the scale of production fragmentation by measuring the share of foreign value added in gross exports. The highest share of foreign value added occurred in the exports of Hungary and Slovakia and exceeded 40%. In Poland, foreign value added accounted for around 27% of gross exports. In all analyzed countries, foreign value added came mainly from the European Union countries, especially from Germany. In recent years, the share of intermediate goods imported from China has also been growing.
Wyzwanie dla tożsamości międzynarodowej Macedonii – grecko macedoński spór o nazwę państwa
Authors: Adamczyk Artur , Karadzoski Mladen
Published: April 2020

The main purpose of the article is to present how the Greek- -Macedonian naming dispute influenced the problem of implementation the international identity of Macedonia. Despite the initial problems of the government in Skopje related to determining their international identity, Macedonians managed to define the principles regarding the identification of a new state on the international stage. As a small country with limited attributes to shape its international position, Macedonia has basically been determined to seek guarantees for its existence and security in stable and predictable European international structures such as NATO and the European Union. The main obstacle for Macedonians on the road to Euro-Atlantic structures was the veto of Greece, a member of these organizations, resulting from Athens’ refusal to accept the name the Republic of Macedonia. The Prespa Agreement of 2018 gave a new impetus to the realization of the international identity of North Macedonia.
Discussion of a Concise Glossary of Nuclear Medicine Terms
Authors: Krylov V. V. , Kochetova T. Yu.
Published: April 2020

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Pesquisas em desenvolvimento territorial no Semi-árido
Authors: Tonneau Jean-Philippe , Cunha Luis Henrique
Published: April 2020

O artigo tem como objetivo aprofundar a discussão sobre o conceito de território e suas relações com o desenvolvimento local sustentável no semi-árido nordestino. Nesta perspectiva, o artigo tenta responder a perguntas como: O que são territórios e por que de- vem ser privilegiados enquanto orientadores de programas de pesquisa e de políticas públicas? O que significa desenvolvimento territorial e em que este conceito se diferencia da noção de desenvolvimento local? Como a referência a este enfoque pode ajudar a resolver os graves problemas da sociedade brasileira, levando em conta inclusive a grande diversidade de nossos territórios? Na parte final, apresenta algumas sugestões para a construção de um programa de pesquisa que possa contribuir com a investigação dos territórios e das experiências de desenvolvimento territorial.
WHAT DRIVES AIRLINES TO MAKE A CROSS-BORDER INVESTMENT? FIRM-LEVEL FACTORS AND INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS
Authors: Endo Nobuaki , Ozaki Toshiya
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this research is to identify the determinants of cross-border investment in the airline industry, focusing on the intangible assets and resources which airlines possess and the institutional differences between home and host countries. The empirical results indicate that airlines have fewer incentives for making foreign investment in other airlines in institutionally different countries and culturally different countries. Furthermore, government restriction on foreign ownership in the host country may discourage airlines to pursue investment in such country. The results weakly support a hypothesis that the more intangible assets airlines possess, the more they may be induced to make FDI. We interpreted the results as follows: the FDI decision of the airline industry may be accounted for by Dunning’s Eclectic Paradigm model just as other industries may be; the institutional difference may have an overwhelming impact on airlines for their FDI decisions; and further studies may be necessary in scrutinizing the role of intangible assets of airlines.
IMPACT OF AIRLINE BUSINESS MODELS, MARKET SEGMENTS AND GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS ON AIRCRAFT CABIN CONFIGURATIONS
Authors: Oguntona Oluwaferanmi , Ploetner Kay , Urban Marcia , Rothfeld Raoul , Hornung Mirko
Published: April 2020

Besides the significance of estimating aircraft seat capacity for airline operating cost and yield estimation as well as for the conceptual design of aircraft, airline fleet planning requires an understanding of aircraft cabin configuration. This paper presents the impact of airline business models, market segments in terms of flight distances, and geographical regions on aircraft cabin configuration, i.e. aircraft seat capacities and installed seats per cabin class. Using the historical databases of global low-cost carriers and airline flight schedules between 2000 and 2016, two ABM clusters – full-service network carriers (FSNCs) and low-cost carriers (LCCs) - were developed, while using seven already-developed passenger-aircraft clusters. Focusing on the jet commuter (JC), narrow-body (NB) and long-range (LR) aircraft clusters, studies were conducted on the historical development of aircraft cluster seat capacities at different abstraction levels: global, airline business model, intra- and inter-regional flight distances, as well as a combination of ABM and (inter)regional flights. Selected results were further analysed using statistical tests on the mean and regression analysis. The analysis results show that LCCs use aircraft that have less average scheduled and less average maximum possible seats than FSNCs. Specifically, FSNCs use significantly bigger aircraft types in LR cluster than LCCs, while LCCs use significantly bigger aircraft types in JC cluster than FSNCs. Furthermore, average cabin utilisation of aircraft clusters scheduled by LCCs are significantly higher than average cabin utilisation scheduled by FSNCs. With increasing distance, average cabin utilisation also significantly reduces.
WHAT PRODUCT FACTORS ALLOW AIRLINES TO COMMAND A PRICE PREMIUM IN THE SYDNEY-LOS ANGELES MARKET?
Authors: Hsueh Fu-Jui , Douglas Ian , Robertson Rodger
Published: April 2020

Recent changes to the competitive environment in the highly contested Sydney to Los Angeles market have impacted the route profitability of almost 20 carriers. In particular the commencement of non-stop services by Delta Airlines and V Australia has mpacted route profitability of almost 20 carriers. This paper investigates the product factors that enable airlines to command a price premium the Sydney to Los Angeles market. A sample of business and economy class net fare quotes, in addition to data collected on seven product factors is used in this study to estimate the relationship between price and product. The regression results show that service quality, space, connectivity and alliance membership all have a positive influence on price in this particular market. In a practical setting, the research outcomes are particularly relevant to the areas of Airline Pricing & Yield Management, Airline Strategy, Airline Marketing and Product Planning.
THE COMPONENTS OF AIRLINE BUSINESS STRATEGY AND THEIR IMPACT ON REVENUES
Authors: Aharoni Yair , Noy Eli
Published: April 2020

This study hypothesizes that, as a result of government's bilateral agreements and regulations that limit the impact of globalization, a set of components which constitutes the airlines' business strategies have a direct affect on airlines' revenues. The hypothesis is tested on a sample of 15 US airlines, which substantiates that three out of four suggested components have a positive significant influence on the airlines' revenues. Markets - confirms that international flights help to increase the airline revenue; Product - with a significant positive impact on revenue when the airline offers low cost flights; and Operation - flights from hubs where found to have a significant negative affect on airlines' income while point-to-point flights, characterized by low cost airlines, are more advantageous. The fourth component, Generic Competitive Advantage, was found to be a choice component; namely, an airline may succeed by being either a cost leader or a differentiator in the markets and products it is serving.
AN ASSESSMENT OF FLIGHT VARIABLES AFFECTING CIVIL AVIATION ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS
Authors: Kashef Mohammad
Published: April 2020

Flight safety has been an important topic for both academia and the industry. Aviation experts and authorities, as well as commercial airline administrators, constantly seek to improve flight safety. Researchers, on the other hand, have tried to model avionic fatalities and suggest improvements or upgrades in flight systems to reduce risk. One approach has been to use data from past accidents and incidents to capture and model the relationship between the different factors involved in each event. However, some important factors are not included in the databases maintained by entities such as the National Transportation Safety Board. This study divides the factors involved into dependent variables (DVs) and independent variables (IVs). IVs include flight factors—for instance, weather and pilotrelated data. DVs report the magnitude of the incident/accident, such as the number of casualties. This research will improve existing databases—first, by adding variables, and second, by using multivariate statistical analysis to assess the effect each group of IVs has on correlations between flight factors and accident/incident-magnitude factors. Findings demonstrate that pilot-related factors exert the most influence on the correlation between the two categories. Our findings on the significance of factors or groups of factors will assist researchers, policy makers, flight managers, and flight-crew schedulers in their efforts to increase flight safety.
PASSENGER OBESITY AND REGIONAL AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE FOR THE MOST CORPULENT STATES IN THE USA
Authors: Boyd Douglas
Published: April 2020

Obesity affects over 25% of Americans; however, prescribed FAA standard passenger weights for US airlines are based on data compiled 15 years ago. Since increased passenger weight degrades aircraft performance and may lead to a loss of control, the hypothesis herein is that passenger weight under-estimation for states with high obesity rates could potentially lead to a runway overrun or the inability to out climb rising terrain. In terms of the employed methodology, current person weights for the ten most obese states were determined using nationwide data adjusted for state ethnicity. Performance degradation for regional aircraft was assessed by accelerate-stop distance for a rejected take-off and climb gradient. Statistical analyses employed Poisson distributions. The results reveal that obesity rates across all ten states increased (p<0.001) between 2000, the year for which data were captured for standard passenger weights, and 2013. Moreover a 5.4 kilogram gain over the standard weight in current usage was evident. Modelling transport-category aircraft performance demonstrated that under-estimating passenger weights could degrade climb performance potentially leading to a collision with rising terrain and/or a runway excursion in the event of a rejected take-off. In conclusion, caution should be exercised in using standard passenger weights for states prone to obesity.
SIKAP MEMBERI PERSEMBAHAN MENURUT INJIL MARKUS 12:41-44
Authors: Pranoto David Susilo
Published: April 2020

This paper is titled" Attitude to Give Offerings According to the Gospel of Mark 12: 41-44 ". Mark's Gospel was written by Mark himself and this Gospel of Mark is the earliest Gospel written, which is between 65 and 70 AD before the Temple in Jerusalem was destroyed and Mark's Gospel is also the shortest of the four Gospels. This book was shown to the Jews to introduce Christ as a servant. Specifically the Gospel of Mark 12: 41-44 tells how Jesus showed His disciples the attitude of the rich and the widows of the poor in giving offerings. This shows that Jesus wanted to tell everyone and specifically to the students how the right attitude in giving offerings. The text Jesus shows about the attitude of the rich and poor widows in making offerings in the Temple. In addition, in the context of the Gospel of Mark 12: 41-44, Jesus showed His disciples the right attitude in offering. Jesus' purpose here is to direct the attention of His disciples to the poor widow. The poor widow gives more offerings than the offerings of rich people, because she gives from her shortcomings while rich people give from abundance. So through this article we can open the understanding of believers to have the right attitude to offer.
Encounter rate and behavior of Alouatta guariba clamitans in the Ilha Grande State Park, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil
Authors: Ferreguetti Atilla C. , de Oliveira Amanda B. M. , Pereira Bruno C. , Santori Ricardo T. , Geise Lena , Bergallo Helena G.
Published: April 2020

Alouatta guariba clamitansCabrera, 1940 is an endemic species of the Atlantic Forest that occurs from south Bahia, Brazil, extending south to the province of Misiones, Argentina. In Rio de Janeiro state, the species was classified as threatened, indicating that attention is needed for the conservation of this taxon. Additionally, an outbreak of yellow fever spread throughout the southeastern states of Brazil from January 2017 until March 2018 seriously threatening Rio de Janeiro populations of the species. Herein, we aimed to provide the first estimates ofA. g. clamitansencounter rate, density, and population size in the Ilha Grande State Park (PEIG), which is part of the Atlantic Forest biome of Brazil. Data were collected in two different periods, the first between December 2003 and May 2005, and the second from August 2009 to May 2010, and information on encounter rates and behavior was collected to better understand aspects of species' ecology. The estimated encounter rate in the first period through the distance sampling method was 0.04 ± 0.01 individuals per kilometer. Nine groups were recorded in the second period of the study, with 47 individuals along 3 km. Our estimates of encounter rate, density and population size were low and reinforces the need to initiate species monitoring and assess the impact that yellow fever outbreaks may have on PEIG populations. The results presented here can be a starting point to support future strategic actions for the species, to measure impacts and to the management of the species, and for a conservation program.
Esculturas e inscripciones del entorno funerario de Barcino
Authors: Claveria Montserrat , Rodà Isabel
Published: April 2020

La mayor parte de las esculturas y de las inscripciones funerarias de Barcino proceden del interior de las torres y del lienzo externo de la muralla tardía de esta colonia, lugar donde fueron reutilizadas al construirse el recinto defensivo a partir le finales del siglo III. En el presente artículo se analizan los datos que aporta este material al conocimiento del entorno funerario barcinonense. A pesar de tratarse de disiecta membra hallados en un contexto de reutilización, estos materiales, en su mayoría labrados en piedra local de las canteras de Montjuïc, enriquecen considerablemente los escasos hallazgos de enterramientos in situ de época altoimperial, de los que los sepulcros exhumados en la plaza Vila de Madrid son los más representativos. Los epígrafes dan a conocer gentilicios itálicos, llevados en muchas ocasiones por individuos de ascendencia servil. Los restos escultóricos permiten discernir un número destacable de monumentos funerarios, predominando dos tipos, los turriformes y los grandes altares con pulvinos. En los relieves es patente la influencia itálica y la perduración del estilo triunviral.
Pharmacological Properties of Curcumin
Authors: Singh Anuradha
Published: April 2020

Curcumin, the polyphenol natural product, is a constituent of the traditional medicine known as turmeric. Extensive research over the last 50 years has indicated that this polyphenol displays potent pharmacological effects by targeting many critical cellular factors through a diverse array of mechanisms of action. However, there are some obstacles that prevent this wonder molecule to be effective in clinical settings and limit its use to topical applications only. Curcumin has recently been classified as both PAINS (panassay interference compounds) and an IMPS (invalid metabolic panaceas) candidate. Due to likely false activity of curcumin in vitro and in vivo has resulted unsuccessful clinical trial of curcumin against several disease. The chapter will review the essential medicinal chemistry of curcumin as well as envisage a compilation and discussion on the poor bioavailability of curcumin.
Defending Multimedia Content Embedded in Online Social Networks (OSNs) Using Digital Watermarking
Authors: Gupta Brij B. , Sahoo Somya Rajan , Chugh Prashant , Iota Vijay , Shukla Anupam
Published: April 2020

In global internet usage, increasing multimedia message, which includes video, audio, images, and text documents, on the web raised a lot of consequences related to copyright. For copyright protection, authentication purpose and forgery detection digital watermarking is the robust way in social network content protection. In this technique, the privacy information is embedded inside the multimedia content like image and video. The protected content embedded inside multimedia content is called watermark-enabled information. To make more effective the process of watermarking, the content encrypted before embedding to the image. Basically, the digital watermarking embedded process implemented in two different domains called spatial and frequency domain. In spatial domain digital watermarking, the watermark information is embedded in the least significant bit of the original image on the basis of bit plane selected and on the basis of the pixels of image, embedding, and detection is performed.
Fatores contingenciais que influenciam o desempenho de empresas franqueadas de fast food quanto ao dilema padronizar versus flexibilizar a gestão do negócio
Authors: Araújo Edna Torres de , Moreira Márcia Athayde , Andreassi Tales
Published: April 2020

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar como os fatores contingenciais influenciam no desempenho de empresas brasileiras franqueadas de fast food, sob o dilema da padronização versus flexibilização da gestão do negócio. Sob o paradigma das teorias da agência e a da contingência, buscou-se conhecer a relação de conflitos contratuais entre franqueado e franqueador e os fatores contingenciais que influenciam o desempenho. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de levantamento, com 265 proprietários-gerentes de uma franquia nacional de fast food. Observou-se que o modelo de gestão, a padronização e a flexibilização da franquia foram capazes de explicar 77,4% da variabilidade do desempenho das empresas. Conclui-se que dosagens alternadas de padronização e flexibilização do modelo de gestão são fundamentais, evidenciando que a relação equilibrada entre a padronização, a flexibilização e a adequação do modelo de gestão são elementos que influenciam no desempenho.
White Australia has a Blackie Blackie Brown history
Authors: Aria Kezia
Published: April 2020

The gatekeepers for institutions of fine arts, classical music and theatre in Australia are traditionally white, upper middle-class people. Nakkiah Lui’s existence and success as an Indigenous playwright is a radical disturbance in this bubble of society as, by nature, stories and storytellers that challenge cultural hegemony will always be political, and Blak artists entering theatre demonstrate a fusion and adaptation of Indigenous oral traditions into Australia’s highbrow society. Aboriginal playwrights and performances have a complex history in terms of audience reception as they often deal with difficult and confronting topics that ‘regular’ theatre audiences may not engage with (Grehan 2010). Not only do they have the burden of representing ‘all’ Aboriginal people, but the stories they share are often those whose voices were historically silenced, erased or dismissed (Morris 1992).