bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and pre‐clinical investigation of 3‐O‐cyclohexanecarbonyl‐11‐keto‐β‐boswellic acid as a drug for external use to treat psoriasis
Authors: Lou Fangzhou , Xu Zhenyao , Bai Jing , Zhao Xing'e , Cui Linlin , Li Qun , Wang Honglin
Published: September 2023

Background and Purpose

Psoriasis vulgaris is a refractory skin inflammatory disorder with 80% of the cases belonging to the mild‐to‐moderate type, which can be controlled by topical treatment. Nevertheless, the drugs for external use have not been upgraded for decades. We modified acetyl‐11‐keto‐beta‐boswellic acid (ABKA), a natural compound shown to treat psoriasis animal models, to improve efficacy and solubility for topical use.

Experimental Approach

Eleven compounds were synthesized using AKBA as a lead compound, and their effects on Th17 cell differentiation were screened. 3‐O‐cyclohexanecarbonyl‐11‐keto‐β‐boswellic acid (CKBA) potently inhibited Th17 cell differentiation. Its efficacy in a mouse model of psoriasis was assessed along with its pharmacology and safety profile when topically or systemically delivered to several animal species.

Key Results

CKBA inhibited mouse and human Th17 cell differentiation with an IC50 of 3.28 and 3.61 μM, respectively, and directly targeted acetyl‐CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1). Safety evaluation and toxicity tests suggested that systemically delivered high‐dose CKBA for 14 days had no dose‐associated adverse effects on the CNS, haematopoietic, cardiovascular, respiratory and digestive systems of cynomolgus monkeys. CKBA ointment permeated the skin and did not irritate or sensitize intact skin. CKBA ointment mediated dose‐dependent suppression of imiquimod‐induced psoriasis‐like skin inflammation with slow absorption and limited bioavailability (<10% in rats and <1% in minipigs).

Conclusions and Implications

CKBA is safe when topically or systemically delivered to animals. The beneficial effects of CKBA ointment in a mouse model of psoriasis indicate that this is a promising drug candidate for further development as a treatment for psoriasis.
Oral function in completely edentulous patients rehabilitated with implant‐supported dental prostheses: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Srinivasan Murali , Kamnoedboon Porawit , Angst Lea , Müller Frauke
Published: September 2023

Objectives

This review evaluated the effects of rehabilitation with implant‐supported prostheses on the oral function of completely edentulous adults.

Materials and Methods

Systematic literature searches were performed to identify records reporting on oral function in completely edentulous adults rehabilitated with implant‐supported prostheses. Meta‐analyses were performed on various outcomes including bite force, masticatory performance, muscle activity, mandibular movement/chewing pattern, and salivary flow.

Results

5507 records were identified. Thirty studies qualified for data extraction and analysis. The kappa (𝛋) for the search and identification strategy ranged between 0.50 and 1.00. Meta‐analysis was performed grouping the studies by outcomes and split by time points of 6–12 months, 12–36 months, and >36 months after implant therapy. The meta‐analyses revealed a significant improvement in oral function of completely edentulous adults after rehabilitation with implant‐supported prostheses at 6–12 months (Z = −4.895, p < .001; 95% CI: −0.703, −0.301; τ2 = .609; Q = 114.953, df = 17, p < .001; I2 = 85.2%), at 12–36 months (Z = −4.886, p < .001; 95% CI: −0.580, −0.248; τ2 = .908; Q = 280.611, df = 35, p < .001; I2 = 87.5%) and at more than 36 months (Z = −9.108, p < .001; 95% CI: −1.472, −0.951; τ2 = .019; Q = 7.918, df = 7, p = .340; I2 = 11.6%). The included studies demonstrated a low to moderate risk of bias.

Conclusions

This systematic review concluded that the oral function of completely edentate adults significantly improved with implant‐supported/retained prostheses, even when only one jaw received implant therapy. Therefore, implant therapy should be promoted for edentulous adults to alleviate the shortcomings of conventional complete removable dental prostheses.
Clinical performance of single implant prostheses restored using titanium base abutments: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chantler Jennifer G. M. , Evans Christopher D. J. , Zitzmann Nicola U. , Derksen Wiebe
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The aim of this review was to evaluate the survival rates of restorations utilizing titanium base abutments (TBA) for restoring single‐unit implant prostheses.

Materials and Methods

This review was conducted following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The focus question was: In patients who require the restoration of a single dental implant utilizing a titanium base abutment, what are the determining factors and outcomes relating to implant prosthesis prognosis and survival? A comprehensive search of databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library) was conducted on 16 April 2023 and updated on 5 May 2023. Randomized clinical trials (RCT), retrospective studies and prospective studies, reporting on the use of TBA for single implant prostheses, were reviewed. A Cochrane collaboration risk of bias assessment analysis was performed for randomized clinical studies, and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale tool was applied for non‐randomized studies. A meta‐analysis was performed on clinical trials reporting on survival rates of both TBA and other abutments. Other clinical studies, reporting on TBA only, were included for descriptive statistics.

Results

The search provided 1159 titles after duplicates were removed. Six RCTs were included to perform a meta‐analysis and compare the survival of the TBA to other abutments [OR 0.74; 95% CI: 0.21–2.63, heterogeneity; I2 0%; p = .99]. Twenty‐three prospective and retrospective studies fulfilled the criteria and were included in the meta‐analysis after 12 months of function. A total of 857 single implant‐supported prostheses fabricated with a TBA were included. TBA abutments have an estimate 98.6% survival rate after 1 year in function (95% CI: 97.9%–99.4%). The mean follow‐up period was 31.2 ± 16.9 months.

Conclusions

Single implant prosthesis restored with titanium base abutments showed favourable short‐term survival rates.
Effect of agents affecting bone homeostasis on short‐ and long‐term implant failure
Authors: Jung Junho , Ryu Jae‐In , Shim Gyu‐Jo , Kwon Yong‐Dae
Published: September 2023

Objectives

To review the current evidence on the relationship between agents that affect bone homeostasis and dental implant failures.

Materials and Methods

Electronic searches for bisphosphonates, denosumab, methotrexate, corticosteroids, romosozumab, sunitinib, and bevacizumab were performed using PubMed, MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE (OVID), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Cochrane Library), Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register (Cochrane Library) and Web of Science (Thomson Reuters). Manual searches were also conducted to complement the digital searches for recent issues.

Results

Previous publications suggested that bisphosphonates do not compromise the survival of dental implants. However, one study documented an increased risk of implant failure in patients who had received high‐dose of intravenous bisphosphonate therapy after implant rehabilitation. There has been an issue of MRONJ around implants in patients who have successfully received implant therapy before and after antiresorptive therapy, leading to late implant failure. Despite evidence on the detrimental effects of denosumab, methotrexate and corticosteroids on bone metabolism, their role in implant survival is not conclusive.

Conclusions

At present, there is insufficient evidence to establish a potential connection between agents that affects bone homeostasis and implant failure. However, some studies have reported negative results for implant therapy. In addition, implant‐related sequestration in patients who received anti‐resorptive therapy, despite of successful osseointegration, is also noticeable. Although limited studies are available at present, clinicians should still carefully consider the potential hazards and take appropriate precautions to minimize the risks associated with the medications and implant therapy.
Delayed‐type allergic reaction to furazolidone: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Xu Feng , Zhang Hongting , Xiao Hao , Meng Juan
Published: September 2023

Background

Furazolidone is a nitrofuran antimicrobial agent used in the treatment of bacterial and protozoal infections. Hypersensitivity to furazolidone is rarely reported and only eight cases have been documented in English since 1967.

Objectives

To report a 24‐year‐old man who developed exanthematous drug eruptions in general and swelling sensation of the hands after first dose of oral administration of medicines for Helicobacter pylori infection 7 h later, who was finally confirmed with delayed‐type IV allergic reaction to furazolidone by provocation tests. And to review the existing literature.

Methods

Thorough clinical examination, prick, intradermal, and patch tests, drug provocation tests were performed in the patient.

Results

Skin tests of all used drugs were negative. Drug provocation tests to furazolidone resulted to be positive.

Conclusions

Clinicians should be aware that furazolidone may induce delayed‐type allergic reactions; diagnostic approaches should be taken to identify the responsible drug when multiple medications were used concurrently.
Pyruvate kinase M2 regulates kidney fibrosis through pericyte glycolysis during the progression from acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease
Authors: Chen Yulan , Bai Xueyuan , Chen Jianwen , Huang Mengjie , Hong Quan , Ouyang Qing , Sun Xuefeng , Zhang Yan , Liu Jiaona , Wang Xu , Wu Lingling , Chen Xiangmei
Published: September 2023

We aimed to investigate the role of renal pericyte pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in the progression of acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD). The role of PKM2 in renal pericyte‐myofibroblast transdifferentiation was investigated in an AKI‐CKD mouse model. Platelet growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ)‐iCreERT2; tdTomato mice were used for renal pericyte tracing. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were used to examine protein expression. An 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine assay was used to measure renal pericyte proliferation. A scratch cell migration assay was used to analyse cell migration. Seahorse experiments were used to examine glycolytic rates. Enzyme‐linked immunoassay was used to measure pyruvate kinase enzymatic activity and lactate concentrations. The PKM2 nuclear translocation inhibitors Shikonin and TEPP‐46 were used to alter pericyte transdifferentiation. In AKI‐CKD, renal pericytes proliferated and transdifferentiated into myofibroblasts and PKM2 is highly expressed in renal pericytes. Shikonin and TEPP‐46 inhibited pericyte proliferation, migration, and pericyte‐myofibroblast transdifferentiation by reducing nuclear PKM2 entry. In the nucleus, PKM2 promoted downstream lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) transcription, which are critical for glycolysis. Therefore, PKM2 regulates pericyte glycolytic and lactate production, which regulates renal pericyte‐myofibroblast transdifferentiation. PKM2‐regulated renal pericyte‐myofibroblast transdifferentiation by regulating downstream LDHA and GLUT1 transcription and lactate production. Reducing nuclear PKM2 import can reduce renal pericytes‐myofibroblasts transdifferentiation, providing new ideas for AKI‐CKD treatment.
National resident survey in dermatopathology: The role of slide scanners in resident learning
Authors: Rinck Danielle , Dittmer Martin , Tinker Daniel , Smith Kristin , Heinecke Gillian
Published: September 2023

Background

Dermatology residents gain exposure to dermatopathology through a variety of educational modalities. While virtual pathology applications have risen dramatically, resident utilization of digital libraries, slide scanner availability, and comfort with virtual slides are not well‐known. This study aims to assess the current landscape of educational resources used by dermatology residents.

Methods

A 17‐question survey was sent to dermatology residents through a national email database. The survey was a self‐assessment of their experience in dermatopathology education and the use of departmental slide scanners.

Results

The use of digital dermatopathology is high among trainees, despite only half of respondents reporting slide scanner access. Residents report using virtual images more often in non‐clinical dermatopathology didactics and independent studies compared to clinical dermatopathology rotations. Public slide set use was common, while professional society and departmental slide sets may be underutilized. Over half of respondents report being extremely or very comfortable navigating interactive scanned slides.

Conclusions

Survey data suggests digital slides are currently predominantly used in non‐clinical dermatopathology rotations and independent studies. Incorporation of slide scanners into departments may benefit resident education through the development of high‐quality, curated departmental slide sets.
Using automated content analysis to monitor global online trade in endemic reptile species
Authors: Rinne Jooel , Kulkarni Ritwik , Soriano‐Redondo Andrea , Correia Ricardo , Di Minin Enrico
Published: September 2023

Aim

Online reptile trade poses new challenges to species conservation and requires automated monitoring. Range‐restricted and endemic reptile species are especially vulnerable to wildlife trade and unsustainable exploitation. In this study, we investigated the magnitude and geographic distribution of online trade of 96 endemic and range‐restricted reptile species from the Lesser Antilles.

Location

Global.

Methods

We developed methods for automated collection, filtering and processing of wildlife trade content for the targeted species from publicly accessible online platforms.

Results

We identified 599 relevant advertisements originating from 231 different advertisers and 41 websites focusing on 43 species. Species advertised included threatened species according to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List and species listed in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Appendices. Among threatened species, five are Critically Endangered, three are Endangered and two are Vulnerable according to the IUCN Red List. Moreover, three of the six most advertised species were classified as Near Threatened. Germany was the country with the highest number of advertisements (N = 124), followed by the United States (N = 55), the Netherlands (N = 15) and United Kingdom (N = 15). Based on data from sale advertisements that included price and currency data, prices ranged from one to over a thousand Euros.

Main Conclusions

We present a framework for automated analysis of online trade in reptiles that can be extended to other taxonomic groups. Our results highlight countries, such as Germany and the United States, where enhanced monitoring actions would be important to assess the origin (i.e. captive bred or wild sourced individuals) and the legality of the trade. Immediate conservation actions, such as population monitoring, are also needed to ensure wildlife trade is not threatening the persistence of endemic reptile populations in the wild.
The structure of feeding behavior in a phytophagous insect (Hylobius abietis)
Authors: Fedderwitz Frauke , Björklund Niklas , Ninkovic Velemir , Nordlander Göran
Published: September 2023

Analysis of the feeding behavior of animals using such a high temporal resolution that meals can be defined may improve our understanding of the mechanisms regulating feeding. Meals can be distinguished in an ethologically meaningful manner by using the ‘meal criterion’, the shortest non‐feeding interval between feeding bouts recognized as meals. However, such a criterion has only been determined for a few insect species. Applying a recent method developed for assessing meal criteria for vertebrates, we determined the meal criterion for Hylobius abietis (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on data from video recordings of single individuals feeding on seedlings of Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst. (Pinaceae). The pine weevil is an economically important pest insect, because it feeds on the stem bark of planted conifer seedlings. Weevils had 4–5 meals per day. Each meal lasted about 24 min during which about 13 mm2 of bark per meal were removed. Females had longer total meal durations and longer non‐feeding intervals within meals than males. Girdling seedlings did not affect the weevils' feeding properties. The size of meals was significantly correlated with the duration of non‐feeding intervals before and after them. This study is one of few describing the feeding behavior of an insect at a temporal resolution that allows individual meals to be distinguished. With more meal‐related data from insects available, differences in meal properties may be interpreted based on phylogeny, ecology, and physiology. Our results may also assist in the setup and interpretation of studies of plant‐insect interactions, and facilitate the evaluation and development of methods to protect plants against herbivores.
Can non‐native perch (Perca fluviatilis) support native eel populations in a wetland complex?
Authors: Stewart Cohen , Harper Blake , Couper Jayde , Bury Sarah J. , Sabadel Amandine
Published: September 2023

It is well established that non‐native fish can become invasive and outcompete and displace native fish populations. However, little research has explored the potential benefits that non‐native fish may provide to native fish populations. To address this information gap, we examined how the availability of non‐native perch (Perca fluviatilis) as prey could benefit populations of the endemic longfin eel (Anguilla dieffenbachii) and the native shortfin eel (Anguilla australis) in two neighbouring open‐water wetlands in the Rakatu‐Redcliff wetland complex in the Southland region of Aotearoa New Zealand. The Redcliff wetland fish community comprised native fish only, while the Rakatu wetland comprised native fish and non‐native perch. We compared the size, condition, population density, population size structure and diet of eels in these wetlands. While eels were not necessarily larger or better conditioned in Rakatu wetland, their population density was three times higher than the Redcliff wetland, with young‐of‐the‐year perch comprising ca. 40% of their diet. Furthermore, juvenile eel density was four times lower in Redcliff wetland, suggesting that cannibalism may occur at this site to support the existing eel population. Based on our findings, we suggest that freshwater managers consider the predator–prey dynamics of both native and non‐native fish before removing non‐native species, to avoid unintended negative consequences for native predatory fish species.
Behaviour change techniques in physical activity‐focused interventions for young people at risk of problematic substance use: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Klamert Lisa , Craike Melinda , Bedi Gillinder , Kidd Susan , Pascoe Michaela C. , Parker Alexandra G.
Published: September 2023

Aim

This systematic review investigates behaviour change techniques in interventions promoting physical activity for young people aged 12–25 years at heightened risk of problematic substance use, and the effect of these techniques on physical activity participation and substance use outcomes.

Methods

Four databases (PsycINFO, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and Medline) were searched between November 2020 and November 2022 for randomized and non‐randomized controlled studies according to inclusion criteria. Meta‐analyses were calculated using weighted, standardized averages of effect sizes (Hedges' g).

Results

Twenty‐eight studies were included, 14 studies in the meta‐analysis (intervention n = 1328; control n = 845). Reported BCTs included behavioural instructions, social comparison and goal setting. There was a significant effect of behaviour change techniques on combined substance use outcomes, such as cravings and consumption, for interventions reporting multiple behaviour change techniques (g = −0.33, p < .001, 95% CI [−0.50,−0.16]) or one single behaviour change technique (g = −1.84, p < .001, 95% CI [−2.89,−0.8]). Limitations include unexplained variance and limited reporting of relevant behaviour change technique data in the included studies.

Conclusion

The results indicate that using behaviour change techniques in interventions that promote physical activity for young people has an effect on substance use. Further research needs to be completed comparing the impact of the number and type of behaviour change technique, and improved reporting of intervention content is required.
“Doubting with”: An opportunity to renew the debate on researcher–practitioner collaboration
Authors: Arnoud Justine , Peton Hélène
Published: September 2023

This article explores “doubting with” in collaborative management research. Extending methodological reflections on collaboration between researchers and practitioners, this article, drawing on the foundations of the pragmatist inquiry, stresses the central role of doubt and the doubtful situation in overcoming difficulties that are encountered in problem‐oriented approaches. We propose guidelines for “doubting with” in collaborative research, highlighting how it transforms modes of researcher–practitioner collaboration and the opportunities it provides to restore possibilities of action with a broader social dimension. We emphasize how “doubting with” addresses the challenges of collaboration and the key implications for management research regarding the importance of keeping doubt alive in our inquiries and of doubting with practitioners.
Prediction of US 30‐years‐treasury‐bonds movement and trading entry point using the robust 1DCNN‐BiLSTM‐XGBoost algorithm
Authors: El Zaar Abdellah , Benaya Nabil , Bakir Toufik , Mansouri Amine , El Allati Abderrahim
Published: September 2023

This article presents a novel algorithm that accurately predicts market trends and identifies trading entry points for US 30‐year Treasury bonds. The proposed method employs a hybrid approach, integrating a 1‐dimensional convolutional neural network (1DCNN), long‐short term memory (LSTM), and XGBoost algorithms. The 1DCNN is used to learn local and short‐term patterns, while LSTM is employed to capture both short and long‐term dependencies. Furthermore, we have implemented an algorithm that utilizes hull moving average (HMA) and simple moving average (SMA) crossover data to detect trading entry points and major trends in the market. The combination of the SMA–HMA crossover algorithm and predictions provided by the 1DCNN‐BiLSTM‐XGBoost algorithm yields exceptional results in terms of prediction accuracy and profitability. Additionally, these integrated techniques effectively filter out noise and mitigate false breakouts, which are often observed with US 30‐year Treasury bonds. In the field of financial time series prediction, the effectiveness of 1DCNN and LSTM in identifying trading entry points and market perturbations has not been comprehensively studied. Therefore, our work fills this gap by demonstrating through experiments that the proposed 1DCNN‐BiLSTM‐XGBoost algorithm, in combination with moving average crossovers, effectively reduces noise and market perturbations. This leads to the precise identification of trading entry points and accurate recognition of trend signals for US 30‐year Treasury bonds. We demonstrate through experiments that our proposed approach achieves an average root mean squared error of 0.0001 and an R‐square value of 0.9999, highlighting its promise as a method for predicting market trends and trading entry points for US 30‐year Treasury bonds.
Integrating hydrological connectivity and zooplankton composition in Arctic ponds and lakes
Authors: Blackburn‐Desbiens Pénélope , Grosbois Guillaume , Power Michael , Culp Joseph , Rautio Milla
Published: September 2023

Arctic landscapes are characterised by their numerous ponds and lakes. With increased climate warming and consequent changes in hydrological connectivity, the ecology of many of these waterbodies is expected to change.

We sampled 13 ponds and 22 lakes for zooplankton and various limnological and physical environmental variables in the vicinity of Cambridge Bay, Nunavut (69.1169° N, 105.0597° W), with the aim of testing how well the degree of hydrological connectivity explained patterns in species composition and abundance and contributed to crustacean production. Ponds were hydrologically isolated while the lakes were arranged in four lake chains and ranged from the headwaters to highly inter‐connected lakes receiving water from one to 768 upstream lakes.

In all sites combined, 77 zooplankton species were found, including 56 rotifers, six copepods, 11 cladocerans, two fairy shrimp species, a mysid, and a tadpole shrimp. We show that the zooplankton communities differed between hydrologically isolated (ponds) and connected (lakes) systems, with 17 species unique to ponds and 20 to lakes. Furthermore, the communities were more similar within lake chains and hence in lakes closer to each other. In ponds, distances between waterbodies had no impact on community similarity.

Zooplankton abundance was higher in lakes (255 ind/L) than in ponds (65 ind/L) due to the higher number of rotifers that accounted for nearly 80% of the zooplankton abundance in lakes. In ponds, rotifers, cladocerans, and copepods were equally abundant. In terms of biomass, cladocerans represented 65% of total biomass in all waterbodies except for a chain of deep lakes that had abundant fish communities. In these lakes, cladoceran abundance and biomass were low and probably limited by fish predation.

Zooplankton production was higher in ponds (4.6 mgC m−3 day−1) than in lakes (1.7 mgC m−3 day−1), and within lakes was lowest in the chain composed of large lakes (1.3 mgC m−3 day−1). The high production in ponds was closely linked to high zooplankton biomass and further explained by high gross primary production supported by relatively high nutrient concentrations in these shallow systems.

Our study emphasises that hydrological connectivity is key to shaping zooplankton communities, although fish presence also appears to affect them. It shows that isolated ponds (that currently account for c83% of all waterbodies on southern Victoria Island) are hotspots of aquatic biological productivity that probably play an essential role in Arctic freshwater landscapes. Finally, our study provides critical baseline information on the current composition of Arctic zooplankton communities important for estimating climate change impacts.
Effect of Zr on the solid sintering process of SiBCN ceramics: Diffusion couple method experiment and DFT calculation
Authors: Zhang Meng , Zhang Jianghong , Chen Xi , Li Daxin , Jia Dechang , Riedel Ralf , Zhou Yu
Published: September 2023

The impact of Zr addition on the solid sintering process of SiBCN multiphase ceramics was investigated under high temperatures. To gain deep insight, SiBCN‐Zr diffusion couple method (sample preparation at 1500–1800°C) was utilized in conjunction with first‐principles calculations. Significantly, the results demonstrated the formation of SiC and BN as well as ZrC/ZrB2 at the interface of the diffusion couples. Possible mechanisms have been analyzed and proposed. On the one hand, the extensive generations of defects are supposed to facilitate the formation of SiC and ZrC during the preparation of SiBCN amorphous powders. On the other hand, the presence of distinctive BN(C) structures in SiBCN hindered the formation of ZrB2, thus causing a delay in its formation. Through first‐principles calculations, remarkable variations in interatomic bonding strengths have been revealed among the different phases at the interface. Specifically, interfaces of ZrC/ZrB2 and SiC exhibit stronger bonding strengths compared to BN and SiC, implying that Zr, and its compounds may act as binding agents.
Integrating Systemic Risk into Modern Portfolio Theory and Practice
Authors: Lydenberg Steve
Published: September 2023

Conventional wisdom holds that the performance of investment managers should be measured against some broad market index such as the S&P 500. The broad market averages provide a useful benchmark because they are assumed to be beyond the influence of investment managers and provide a way of capturing what financial economists call “systematic risk,” which is the part of total risk that cannot be avoided through portfolio diversification. But one clear limitation of such an approach to performance evaluation is that by focusing on risks and rewards at the portfolio level only, it fails to consider risks and rewards at a systemic level, where the performance of all portfolios is increasingly likely to be affected.

The author begins by making the case that the performance evaluation and collective decision‐making of investment managers could have the effect of increasing the level of systematic risk in both the markets and the real economy. Then, after suggesting that the strength or weakness of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) frameworks can have substantial effects on overall market returns, he discusses a number of efforts currently underway to integrate ESG factors into portfolio‐level decision‐making.

The author closes by urging asset owners to take the following three steps to help bridge the gap between investment decision‐making and ESG consequences: (1) acknowledge the connection between investment decision‐making and systems‐level risks and rewards; (2) determine which systemic frameworks are most appropriate and useful for their purposes; and (3) implement investment practices that allow them to manage systemic‐level risks and rewards while simultaneously achieving competitive financial returns in their portfolios. With the help of new measurement and management tools, asset owners can strengthen systemic frameworks, communicate the importance of ESG performance to their investees and investors, and align their efforts with those of governmental and non‐governmental organizations to limit systemic risk.
Do Corporate Managers Know When Their Shares Are Undervalued? New Evidence Based on Actual (and Not Just Announced) Stock Buybacks
Authors: Dittmar Amy , Field Laura Casares
Published: September 2023

This article summarizes the findings of the authors' recent study, published in the Journal of Financial Economics, of whether public companies are able to repurchase their own shares at a discount to the market, thereby earning more than a market return on such “investments.” To the extent the answer is yes, it would suggest that management has an advantage in assessing the intrinsic value of the companies they manage.

Using as their sample all 2,237 publicly traded U.S. companies that repurchased their own stock between 2004 and 2011, the authors compared the average price paid during the month to the average price at which the firm's shares traded during that month as well as three and six months after the repurchase. (All earlier studies had measured stock performance from the date of the repurchase announcements rather than from the date of the actual repurchases.) The authors' conclusion, which may come as more of a surprise to financial economists than practicing corporate executives, was that the majority of companies repurchasing their shares have in fact earned a positive return on their investment in their own stock.

Perhaps the most important finding of the study, however, was that infrequent repurchasers—defined as companies that bought back their own stock four or fewer times a year—have been much more successful in buying undervalued shares than regular repurchasers. For example, when evaluated over a six‐month holding period, the annual “alpha” of infrequent repurchasers was 2.4% greater than that of frequent repurchasers—those that bought back their shares at least nine times a year. And this advantage was even more significant for companies that repurchased just once during the year—a group that recorded an alpha of 5.9%, as compared to 1.5% for monthly repurchasers.

Moreover, the results were essentially the same when extended over considerably longer holding periods. For the entire sample of companies that repurchased their shares, the authors reported finding positive and significant alphas of 0.3% per month over windows ranging from three months to three years after the repurchase. But, as reported above, the infrequent repurchasers significantly outperformed frequent repurchasers over all time horizons, with differences in alpha that ranged from a low of 0.3% and to as high as 0.6% per month.
First record of Pseudoterranova decipiens in sprat (Sprattus sprattus) from the Baltic Sea
Authors: Nadolna‐Ałtyn Katarzyna , Pawlak Joanna , Pachur Marzenna
Published: September 2023

A dispersion of Anisakidae nematodes (particularly Contracaecum osculatum) among marine organisms in the Baltic Sea has been reported over the last decade. This is in line with an increase in the number of grey seal that act as final host for Contracaecum osculatum and Pseudoterranova sp., and are thus indispensable for the completion of their life cycles. Most attention has been paid to zoonotic nematode species, like Pseudoterranova sp., which have been noted in commercially important fish in the area. Little is known about the spread and transmission of Pseudoterranova sp. in the Baltic Sea. The aim of this study was to investigate whether sprat may play a role as a transport host for this Anisakidae. Samples were collected in three areas of the southern Baltic Sea (south and east of Bornholm, Słupsk Farrow and the Gulf of Gdańsk) during a research cruise in August 2019. A visual inspection of the viscera of 556 sprats was conducted. Parasites were identified using anatomomorphological and molecular methods. Nematodes were recorded only in sprat caught southeast of Bornholm (prevalence 2.7%; intensity of infection 1–4; abundance 0.05). Molecular identification revealed the presence of Pseudoterranova decipiens. This is the first report of P. decipiens in sprat from the Baltic Sea. Sprat is likely a transmitter of P. decipiens in the Baltic Sea food web.
Diagnostic value of nerve conduction study in NOTCH2NLC‐related neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease
Authors: Tian Yun , Hou Xuan , Cao Wanqian , Zhou Lu , Jiao Bin , Zhang Sizhe , Xiao Qiao , Xue Jin , Wang Ying , Weng Ling , Fang Liangjuan , Yang Honglan , Zhou Yafang , Yi Fang , Chen Xiaoyu , Du Juan , Xu Qian , Feng Li , Liu Zhenhua , Zeng Sen , Sun Qiying , Xie Nina , Luo Mengchuan , Wang Mengli , Zhang Mengqi , Zeng Qiuming , Huang Shunxiang , Yao Lingyan , Hu Yacen , Long Hongyu , Xie Yuanyuan , Chen Si , Huang Qing , Wang Junpu , Xie Bin , Zhou Lin , Long Lili , Guo Jifeng , Wang Junling , Yan Xinxiang , Jiang Hong , Xu Hongwei , Duan Ranhui , Tang Beisha , Zhang Ruxu , Shen Lu
Published: September 2023

Background and Aims

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a rare progressive neurodegenerative disorder mainly caused by abnormally expanded GGC repeats within the NOTCH2NLC gene. Most patients with NIID show polyneuropathy. Here, we aim to investigate diagnostic electrophysiological markers of NIID.

Methods

In this retrospective dual‐center study, we reviewed 96 patients with NOTCH2NLC‐related NIID, 94 patients with genetically confirmed Charcot–Marie‐Tooth (CMT) disease, and 62 control participants without history of peripheral neuropathy, who underwent nerve conduction studies between 2018 and 2022.

Results

Peripheral nerve symptoms were presented by 53.1% of patients with NIID, whereas 97.9% of them showed peripheral neuropathy according to electrophysiological examinations. Patients with NIID were characterized by slight demyelinating sensorimotor polyneuropathy; some patients also showed mild axonal lesions. Motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) of the median nerve usually exceeded 35 m/s, and were found to be negatively correlated with the GGC repeat sizes. Regarding the electrophysiological differences between muscle weakness type (n = 27) and non‐muscle weakness type (n = 69) of NIID, nerve conduction abnormalities were more severe in the muscle weakness type involving both demyelination and axonal impairment. Notably, specific DWI subcortical lace sign was presented in only 33.3% of muscle weakness type, thus it was difficult to differentiate them from CMT. Combining age of onset, distal motor latency, and compound muscle action potential of the median nerve showed the optimal diagnostic performance to distinguish NIID from major CMT (AUC = 0.989, sensitivity = 92.6%, specificity = 97.4%).

Interpretation

Peripheral polyneuropathy is common in NIID. Our study suggest that nerve conduction study is useful to discriminate NIID.
Identification of novel proteins regulating lipid droplet biogenesis in filamentous fungi
Authors: Al Mamun Md. Abdulla , Reza M. Abu , Islam Md Sayeedul
Published: September 2023

Lipid droplets (LDs) are storage organelles for neutral lipids which are critical for lipid homeostasis. Current knowledge of fungal LD biogenesis is largely limited to budding yeast, while LD regulation in multinucleated filamentous fungi which exhibit considerable metabolic activity remains unexplored. In this study, 19 LD‐associated proteins were identified in the multinucleated species Aspergillus oryzae using a colocalization screening of a previously established enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) fusion library. Functional screening identified 12 lipid droplet‐regulating (LDR) proteins whose loss of function resulted in irregular LD biogenesis, particularly in terms of LD number and size. Bioinformatics analysis, targeted mutagenesis, and microscopy revealed four LDR proteins that localize to LD via the putative amphipathic helices (AHs). Further analysis revealed that LdrA with an Opi1 domain is essential for cytoplasmic and nuclear LD biogenesis involving a novel AH. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the patterns of gene evolution were predominantly based on gene duplication. Our study identified a set of novel proteins involved in the regulation of LD biogenesis, providing unique molecular and evolutionary insights into fungal lipid storage.
Early mobility and family partnerships in the intensive care unit: A scoping review of reviews
Authors: Cussen Julie , Mukpradab Sasithorn , Tobiano Georgia , Cooke Christopher , Pearcy Joshua , Marshall Andrea P.
Published: September 2023

Background

Critical illness significantly impacts the well‐being of patients and families. Previous studies show that family members are willing to participate in patient care. Involving families in early mobility interventions may contribute to improved recovery and positive outcomes for patients and families.

Aim

In this scoping review, we investigated early mobility interventions for critically ill patients evaluated in randomized controlled trials and the extent to which family engagement in those interventions are reported in the literature.

Study Design

In this scoping review of reviews, EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed and Cochrane Central databases were searched in October 2019 and updated in February 2022. Systematic reviews were included and assessed using A MeaSurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2. Data were synthesized using a narrative approach. PRISMA‐ScR guidelines were adhered to for reporting.

Results

Thirty‐three reviews were included which described a range of early mobility interventions for critically ill patients; none explicitly mentioned family engagement. Almost half of the reviews were of low or critically low quality. Insufficient detail of early mobility interventions prompted information to be extracted from the primary studies.

Conclusions

There are a range of early mobility interventions for critically ill patients but few involve families. Given the positive outcomes of family participation, and family willingness to participate in care, there is a need to explore the feasibility and acceptability of family participation in early mobility interventions.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Family engagement in early mobility interventions for critically ill patients should be encouraged and supported. How to best support family members and clinicians in enacting family involvement in early mobility requires further investigation.
A New Technology Using Mixed Reality Surgical Navigation with the Unlocking Closed Reduction Technique Frame to Assist Pelvic Fracture Reduction and Fixation: Technical Note
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Qi Lin , Liu Ning , Yi Chengla , Liu Haoyang , Chen Hua , Tang Peifu
Published: September 2023

Background

Pelvic ring disruption (PRD) is a serious trauma associated with high mortality and disability rates. Poor reduction can lead to complications such as pelvic deformity and delayed fracture healing. Here, we introduce a new technology using mixed reality surgical navigation (MRSN) with an unlocking closed reduction technique (UCRT) frame to assist pelvic fracture reduction and fixation.

Methods

Thirty patients with PRD were enrolled in this study. All of the patients underwent preoperative CT scans, with the pelvis and tracker segmented into three‐dimensional models. Under MRSN guidance, auxiliary reduction screws were inserted to grasp the pelvic bone. An ideal trajectory for closed reduction was planned, and suitable CS screws were used for stable fixation after good reduction. Operation time, fluoroscopy frequency, and both Matta and Majeed scores were analyzed.

Results

The mean follow‐up period was 10.8 months (7.5, 12.25 months) (range 6–24 months). The average duration of operation was 212.5 min (187.5, 272.8 min) (range 133–562 min), and the average reduction time was 23.0 min (15.0, 42.5 min) (range 10–70). The average fluoroscopy frequency was 34.0 times (31.5, 52.5 times) (range 23–68 times). One hundred and fifty screws were successfully inserted on the first attempt. All the fractures healed well with no complications. Excellent reduction quality (Matta score ≤4 mm) was achieved in 29/30 cases, and good reduction quality (Matta score between 4 and 10 mm) was achieved in 1/30 cases. All patients achieved bone healing after an average of 4.0 months (3.5, 5.9 months) (range 3–6), as well as good function recovery with an average Majeed score of 91.0 (87.8, 95.0) (range 71–100).

Conclusion

The MRSN technique described improved reduction accuracy and radiation exposure without considerable extension of operation time.
Risk Factors for Distal Junctional Problems Following Long Instrumented Fusion for Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis: Are they Related to the Paraspinal Muscles
Authors: Liu Yinhao , Yuan Lei , Zeng Yan , Li Weishi
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Although the incidence of distal junctional problems (DJPs) following long construct‐based treatment for degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) is lower, affected patients are more likely to require revision surgery when they occur. So the aim of this study is to identify risk factors associated with DJPs to avoid its occurrence by at least 1‐year follow‐up.

Methods

A total of 182 DLS patients undergoing long instrumented fusion surgery (≥4 levels) between February 2011 and March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were placed into the DJP group if a DJP occurred at the final follow‐up; patients without mechanical complications were matched 1:2 according to age, sex and BMI as the control group. Patient characteristics, surgical variables, radiographic parameters, lumbar muscularity and fatty degeneration were analyzed statistically. The statistical differences in the results between the two groups (p values <0.05) and other variables selected by experts were entered into a multivariate logistic regression model, and the forwards likelihood ratio method was used to analyze the independent risk factors for DJPs.

Results

Twenty‐four (13.2%) patients suffered a DJP in the postoperative period and the reoperation rate was 8.8%. On univariate analysis, the lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) CT value (p = 0.042); instrumented levels (p = 0.030); preoperative coronal vertical axis (CVA) (p = 0.046), thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK) (p = 0.006), L4‐S1 lordosis (p = 0.013), sacral slop (SS) (p = 0.030), pelvic tilt (PT) classification (p = 0.004), and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) (p = 0.021); TLK correction (p = 0.049); post‐operative CVA (p = 0.029); Overall, There was no significant difference in the paraspinal muscle parameters between the two groups. On multivariate analysis, instrumented levels (OR = 1.595; p = 0.035), preoperative SVA (OR = 1.016; p = 0.022) and preoperative PT (OR = 0.873; p = 0.001) were identified as significant independent risk factors for DJP.

Conclusion

Longer instrumented levels, a greater preoperative SVA and a smaller PT were found to be strongly associated with the presence of DJPs in patients treated for DLS. The degeneration of the paraspinal muscles may not be related to the occurrence of DJPs. For DLS patients, the occurrence of DJP can be reduced by selecting reasonable fusion segments and evaluating the patient's sagittal balance and spino‐pelvic parameters before operation.
A Comparison of Corpectomy ACDF Hybrid Procedures with Nano‐Hydroxyapatite/Polyamide 66 Cage and Titanium Mesh Cage for Multi‐level Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: A Stepwise Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Li Qiujiang , Hu Bowen , Masood Umar , Zhang Zhuang , Yang Xi , Liu Limin , Feng Ganjun , Yang Huiliang , Song Yueming
Published: September 2023

Objective

Previous studies have found satisfactory clinical results with the nano‐hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 (n‐HA/PA66) cage to reconstruct the stability of anterior cervical column. However, studies evaluating the long‐term outcomes of the n‐HA/PA66 cage in multi‐level degenerative cervical myelopathy (MDCM) have not been reported. This study aims to compare the outcomes of corpectomy anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) hybrid procedures between the n‐HA/PA66 cage and titanium mesh cage (TMC) to treat MDCM.

Methods

After the screening for eligibility, this retrospective study involved 90 patients who underwent corpectomy ACDF hybrid (CACDFH) procedure from June 2013 to June 2018. The CACDFH procedure is the combination of ACDF and anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF). According to the cage utilized, we categorized patients into a n‐HA/PA66 cage group and a TMC group. Then, stepwise propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to maintain comparable clinical data between groups. All the patients were followed up ≥4 years and the longest follow‐up time was 65.43 (±11.49) months. Cage subsidence, adjacent segment degeneration (ASD), segmental height (SH), segmental angle (SA), cervical lordosis (CL), and clinical data (visual analogue scale [VAS] and Japanese Orthopaedic Association [JOA] score) was evaluated preoperatively, at 1 week, and at the final surgery follow‐up. The independent student's t test and chi‐square test were applied to compare the differences between groups.

Results

Through PSM analysis, 25 patients from the n‐HA/PA66 group were matched to 25 patients in the TMC group. The occurrence of ASD was 16.0% (4/25) in the n‐HA/PA 66 group, which was significantly less than in the TMC group at 44.0% (11/25) (p = 0.031). Moreover, the cage subsidence rate was significantly higher in the TMC group as compared to the n‐HA/PA 66 group (40.0% vs. 12.0%, p = 0.024). But there was no significant difference in SH, SA, and CL at any time after surgery as determined through follow‐up. The VAS and JOA scores significantly improved in both groups at 3 months postoperative and at final follow‐up. However, there were no significant differences in the VAS and JOA score at any time between the two groups in preoperative (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The n‐HA/PA66 cage is associated with lower rate of cage subsidence and ASD than the TMC in the treatment of MDCM. The n‐HA/PA66 cage could be superior to the TMC in corpectomy ACDF hybrid procedures.