bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The demosponge Halichondria (Halichondria) panicea (Pallas, 1766) as a novel source of biosurfactant‐producing bacteria
Authors: Rizzo Carmen , Syldatk Christoph , Hausmann Rudolf , Gerçe Berna , Longo Caterina , Papale Maria , Conte Antonella , De Domenico Emilio , Michaud Luigi , Lo Giudice Angelina
Published: March 2018

The Mediterranean sponge Halichondria (Halichondria) panicea was explored as a novel matrix for the isolation of biosurfactant‐producing bacteria. A total of 38 (out of 56) isolates gave a good response to the employed screening tests (e.g., stable emulsion detection, surface tension measurement, hemolytic activity, and blue agar plate assay) and were selected for further analyses. The thin layer chromatography revealed a possible glucidic composition of biosurfactants. Most promising strains, i.e., those able to produce stable emulsion with percentage higher than 30% and yellow spots on TLC plates, were affiliated to the genera Pseudovibrio, Acinetobacter, and Bacillus. The biosurfactant production by two isolates (i.e., Acinetobacter sp. SpN134 and Pseudovibrio sp. SpE85) was evaluated under different culture conditions, in terms of temperature, NaCl concentration, and pH. Surface tension reduction ability was more stable than the emulsification, and resulted differently influenced by salinity, temperature, and pH. Acinetobacter sp. SpN134 resulted particularly efficient and competitive if compared with other well‐known biosurfactant producers. Data suggest that sponges may represent a promising matrix for the isolation of biosurfactant‐producing bacteria, reinforcing the growing interest towards filter‐feeding organisms as underexplored sources of specialized bacteria.
Bilingualism and Creativity: Towards a Situated Cognition Approach
Authors: van Dijk Marloes , Kroesbergen Evelyn H. , Blom Elma , Leseman Paul P. M.
Published: March 2018

In this paper, the association between bilingualism and creativity is investigated. In the first part, the results of a literature review are reported. Previous research predominantly found that bilinguals outperform monolinguals on creativity tasks, which was explained by bilinguals’ enhanced executive functioning compared to monolinguals, and their experience with multiple cultures. Most previous research has examined the relationship between bilingualism and creativity within a psychological trait framework, which does not take into account that cognitive processes are regarded to be situated‐embodied, meaning that they are influenced by environmental factors, and by a person's perceptions of and actions towards these environmental factors. In the second part, we discuss an alternative approach, in which creativity can be defined as the emerging skill of an individual to discover affordances, to come up with creative ideas and products. Recommendations for future research are discussed as well.
Chemical behavior of croconic acid coordinated to Co(II) adsorbed on silver surface
Authors: Milán‐Garcés Erix A. , Georgopoulos Stéfanos Leite , Sant'Ana Antonio Carlos , Andrade Gustavo F.S. , de Oliveira Luiz Fernando Cappa
Published: March 2018

The vibrational properties of croconic acid (CA), the associated anionic specie croconate (CR), and their complexes with the transition metals Co(II) were investigated through surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. This is the first time the SERS spectra of CA and CR are reported. The normal Raman spectrum of CA after the addition of Co(II) was similar to the corresponding spectrum of CR in the presence of Co(II), suggesting the dissociative coordination of CA with Co(II) cation. Similar behavior occurs when CA and Co(II) coadsorb on silver nanoparticle surfaces as seen by SERS spectroscopy. In the same way, the SERS spectra of CA and CR have similar spectral patterns suggesting dissociative adsorption on the metallic nanoparticle surface. The SERS spectra of CR show changes with both concentration and pH values suggesting that according to the concentration of the oxocarbon, the structural arrangements of the adsorbates on the silver surfaces change, due to a decrease of intermolecular π–π interactions between neighboring rings.
Broadband noncollinear optical parametric amplification under low‐frequency picosecond pump in homogeneous KTP crystal
Authors: Vereshchagin K.A. , Morozov V.B. , Tunkin V.G.
Published: March 2018

The nature of cubic and cascaded quadratic nonlinear responses in the KTiOPO4 crystal under picosecond pump is studied. The main attention is paid to determination of the origin and properties of the blue radiation accompanying the red light amplification process (the central wavelength ~685 nm, bandwidth ~20 nm) in a noncollinear optical parametric amplifier (NOPA) pumped by the second‐harmonic radiation of the picosecond Nd:YAG laser (532 nm). In NOPA, the amplified seed radiation (ωs) becomes so intense that it can participate in any nonlinear three‐wave interaction and also can play the role of the Stokes wave in the in the coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering‐process in which powerful pump radiation (ωp) of the main parametric process serves both as the pump wave and the probe wave. Possible causes of the blue light emanating from the KTP crystal and the mechanisms for their realization are analyzed. We interpret the ring of blue light around the axis located between the directions of propagation of the green pump beam and the red beam of the amplified seed radiation, as the emission of amplified parametric fluorescence (signal wave) under low‐frequency pump. This phenomenon can be used for effective amplification in picosecond NOPA of weak anti‐Stokes radiation in the experiments with time‐resolved broadband picosecond coherent Anti‐Stokes Raman Scattering.
Growing Azolla to produce sustainable protein feed: the effect of differing species and CO2 concentrations on biomass productivity and chemical composition
Authors: Brouwer Paul , Schluepmann Henriette , Nierop Klaas GJ , Elderson Janneke , Bijl Peter K , van der Meer Ingrid , de Visser Willem , Reichart Gert‐Jan , Smeekens Sjef , van der Werf Adrie
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

Since available arable land is limited and nitrogen fertilizers pollute the environment, cropping systems ought to be developed that do not rely on them. Here we investigate the rapidly growing, N2‐fixing Azolla/Nostoc symbiosis for its potential productivity and chemical composition to determine its potential as protein feed.

RESULTS

In a small production system, cultures of Azolla pinnata and Azolla filiculoides were continuously harvested for over 100 days, yielding an average productivity of 90.0–97.2 kg dry weight (DW) ha−1 d−1. Under ambient CO2 levels, N2 fixation by the fern's cyanobacterial symbionts accounted for all nitrogen in the biomass. Proteins made up 176–208 g kg−1 DW (4.9 × total nitrogen), depending on species and CO2 treatment, and contained more essential amino acids than protein from soybean. Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations (800 ppm) significantly boosted biomass production by 36–47%, without decreasing protein content. Choice of species and CO2 concentrations further affected the biomass content of lipids (79–100 g kg−1 DW) and (poly)phenols (21–69 g kg−1 DW).

CONCLUSIONS

By continuous harvesting, high protein yields can be obtained from Azolla cultures, without the need for nitrogen fertilization. High levels of (poly)phenols likely contribute to limitations in the inclusion rate of Azolla in animal diets and need further investigation. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of heat treatment on 4′‐O‐methylpyridoxine (MPN) content in Ginkgo biloba seed extract solution
Authors: Lim Heung‐Bin , Kim Dong‐Ho
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

A vitamin B6 derivative, 4′‐O‐methylpyridoxine (MPN), is responsible for food poisoning by Ginkgo biloba seeds. In this study, we investigate the content of pyridoxine and MPN in MPN standard solution and G. biloba seed extract solution upon heat treatment in order to evaluate the reduction of toxic components in G. biloba seed by such treatment.

RESULTS

Heat treatment was conducted at 90–150 °C for 0–60 min, and all samples were adjusted to the same concentration of 1 g L−1. The MPN content decreased to 994.92–563.69 mg kg−1 for MPN standard solution and to 371.56–76.84 mg kg−1 for G. biloba seed extract solution, and in both cases decreased even further with increasing heat treatment time. However, in all samples, except for the 90 °C heat treatment group, the pyridoxine content in MPN standard solution increased with increasing heat temperature and time; in addition, the extract solution showed a similar tendency. This may be the result of thermal degradation of MPN into pyridoxine.

CONCLUSION

We can expect to improve the utilization of functional food materials by applying suitable heat treatment conditions and decreasing the MPN content of the G. biloba seed. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Mathematical modeling of the adsorption/desorption characteristics of anthocyanins from muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia cv. Noble) juice pomace on Amberlite FPX66 resin in a fixed bed column
Authors: Uzdevenes Chad G , Gao Chi , Sandhu Amandeep K , Yagiz Yavuz , Gu Liwei
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

Muscadine grape pomace, a by‐product of juicing and wine‐making, contains significant amounts of anthocyanin 3,5‐diglucosides, known to be beneficial to human health.

RESULTS

The objective of this research was to use mathematical modeling to investigate the adsorption/desorption characteristics of these anthocyanins from muscadine grape pomace on Amberlite FPX66 resin in a fixed bed column. Anthocyanins were extracted using hot water and ultrasound, and the extracts were loaded onto a resin column at five bed depths (5, 6, 8, 10 and 12 cm) using three flow rates (4, 6 and 8 mL min−1). It was found that adsorption on the column fitted the bed depth service time (BDST) model and the empty bed residence time (EBRT) model. Desorption was achieved by eluting the column using ethanol at four concentrations (25, 40, 55 and 70% v/v) and could be described with an empirical sigmoid model. The breakthrough curves of anthocyanins fitted the BDST model for all three flow rates with R2 values of 0.983, 0.992 and 0.984 respectively. The EBRT model was successfully employed to find the operating lines, which allow for column scale‐up while still achieving similar results to those found in a laboratory operation. Desorption with 40% (v/v) ethanol achieved the highest recovery rate of anthocyanins at 79.6%.

CONCLUSION

The mathematical models established in this study can be used in designing a pilot/industrial‐ scale column for the separation and concentration of anthocyanins from muscadine juice pomace. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Sedative–hypnotic and anxiolytic effects and the mechanism of action of aqueous extracts of peanut stems and leaves in mice
Authors: Deng Lei , Shi Ai‐Min , Wang Qiang
Published: March 2018

INTRODUCTION

Peanut stems and leaves (PSL) have traditionally been used as both a special food and a herbal medicine in Asia. The sedative–hypnotic and anxiolytic effects of PSL have been recorded in classical traditional Chinese literature, and more recently by many other researchers. In a previous study, four sleep‐related ingredients (linalool, 5‐hydroxy‐4′,7‐dimethoxyflavanone, 2′‐O‐methylisoliquiritigenin and ferulic acid), among which 5‐hydroxy‐4′,7‐dimethoxyflavanone and 2′‐O‐methylisoliquiritigenin were newly found in Arachis species, were screened by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QTOF‐MS). In the current study, quantitative examination of the above four ingredients was conducted. Serious fundamental functional studies were done in mice, including locomotor activity, direct sleep tests, pentobarbital‐induced sleeping time tests, subthreshold dose of pentobarbital tests and barbital sodium sleep incubation period tests, to determine the material base for the sedative–hypnotic and anxiolytic effects of aqueous extracts of PSL. Furthermore, neurotransmitter levels in three brain regions (cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem) were determined using UHPLC coupled with triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QQQ‐MS) in order to elucidate the exact mechanism of action.

RESULTS

Aqueous extract of PSL at a dose of 500 mg kg−1 (based on previous experience), along with different concentrations of the above four functional ingredients (189.86 µg kg−1 linalool, 114.75 mg kg−1 5‐hydroxy‐4′,7‐dimethoxyflavanone, 32.4mg kg−1 2′‐O‐methylisoliquiritigenin and 44.44 mg kg−1 ferulic acid), had a sedative−hypnotic effect by affecting neurotransmitter levels in mice.

CONCLUSION

The data demonstrate that these four ingredients are the key functional factors for the sedative–hypnotic and anxiolytic effects of PSL aqueous extracts and that these effects occur via changes in neurotransmitter levels and pathways. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Importance of weather monitoring for agricultural decision‐making – an exploratory behavioral study for Oklahoma Mesonet
Authors: Ziolkowska Jadwiga R , Zubillaga Jesus
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

The Oklahoma Mesonet (the statewide environmental and weather monitoring network) has monitored changes in weather patterns since 1994 to provide accurate and timely mesoscale weather information to farmers and other groups. Studies are still scarce that would quantitatively assess farmers' perceptions about the value of the Oklahoma Mesonet contributions to agricultural operations, profitability of land management, and decision making. This paper aims to analyze those questions by means of an exploratory empirical study in Oklahoma for two groups of Mesonet users and non‐users.

RESULTS

Familiarity with and application of Mesonet information determines farmers' profitability assessments and decision making. Farmers' perceptions are also influenced by the degree of previous exposure to weather‐related losses. The median estimate of the economic value of Mesonet information is $1000 per year. Mesonet users perceive higher profitability from the application of Mesonet data at 7.6/10, whereas Mesonet non‐users provided an average assessment of 2.6/10.

CONCLUSIONS

Consistent use of Mesonet information results in a higher assessment of the importance of Mesonet. This research provides some initial insights into farmers' perceptions about the value of Oklahoma Mesonet information, which could guide stakeholders in developing measures to better serve farmers with environmental monitoring data for improved farm decisions. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Determination of changes in the concentration and distribution of elements within olive drupes (cv. Leccino) from Se biofortified plants, using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: D'Amato Roberto , Petrelli Maurizio , Proietti Primo , Onofri Andrea , Regni Luca , Perugini Diego , Businelli Daniela
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

Biofortification of food crops has been used to increase the intake of Se in the human diet, even though this may change the concentration of other elements and modify the nutritional properties of the enriched food. Selenium biofortification programs should include routine assessment of the overall mineral composition of enriched plants.

RESULTS

Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA ICP‐MS) was used for the assessment of mineral composition of table olives. Olive trees were fertilized with sodium selenate before flowering. At harvest, the edible parts of drupes proved to be significantly enriched in Se, delivering 6.1 μg g−1 (39% of the RDA for five olives). Such enrichment was followed by significant changes in the concentrations of B, Mg, K, Cr, Mn, Fe and Cu in edible parts, which are discussed for their impact on food quality.

CONCLUSION

The biofortification of olive plants has allowed the enrichment of fruits with selenium. Enrichment with selenium has caused an increase in the concentration of other elements, which can change the nutritional quality of the drupes. The analytical technique used well as a valuable tool for routinely determining the chemical composition of all fruit parts. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of postharvest calcium treatment and biopreservation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on the quality of fresh‐cut ‘Conference’ pears
Authors: Zudaire Lorena , Viñas Inmaculada , Plaza Lucía , Iglesias María Belén , Abadias Maribel , Aguiló‐Aguayo Ingrid
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

Biological preservation with probiotic bacteria has arisen as an alternative to control the growth of foodborne pathogens on food. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of postharvest calcium application and biopreservation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on the quality and bioaccessibility of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in fresh‐cut pears.

RESULTS

The immersion of whole pears in a calcium chloride solution did not provide added value. Despite the increase in observed activity of PME and PPO enzymes in fresh‐cut pears during storage, the browning index and firmness values were constant for all samples. The antioxidant properties, including antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and vitamin C content, were maintained during storage, but a significant decrease was observed after in vitro simulated digestion. Ca/LGG samples showed the lowest calcium content (1.75 ± 0.00 g kg−1) after 9 d of storage at 4 °C. In general, the overall visual quality scores were higher in fresh‐cut pears treated with L. rhamnosus GG than in non‐treated pears, with the highest values in the NoCa/LGG (7.7 ± 0.2) samples after 9 d at 4 °C.

CONCLUSION

Fresh‐cut pears with a postharvest treatment of calcium and immersed in a solution containing antioxidant agents and probiotic bacteria could be a suitable alternative to dairy products for maintaining the overall quality of fruit for up to 9 d of storage. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Development of 55” 4K UHD OLED TV employing the internal gate IC with high reliability and short channel IGZO TFTs
Authors: Noh Ji Yong , Han Dong Min , Jeong Woo Cheol , Kim Jong Woo , Cha Soo Youle
Published: March 2018

We investigated oxide TFT backplane technology to employ the internal gate driver IC (GIP circuit) on 55” 4K OLED TV panel. For the GIP circuit, we developed the high reliability oxide TFTs, especially only ∆0.4 V Vth degradation under 100‐h long‐term PBTS stress and the short channel length TFTs (L = 4.5um) for narrow bezel. Consequently, we demonstrated the 55‐in 4K OLED TV employing the internal gate IC with high reliability and short channel IGZO TFTs.
Wedge guides and pupil steering for mixed reality
Authors: Travis Adrian R.L. , Chen Liying , Georgiou Andreas , Chu Jiaqi , Kollin Joel
Published: March 2018

We suggest folding the optics of a classic‐mixed reality display into a slim wedge light guide with holographic combiner so that the pupil of a projector near the ear is imaged onto the pupil of the eye. Such folding makes the pupil of the virtual image small, so when gaze wanders, the image pupil should be switched between appropriate positions by shearing the combiner. Modeling indicates that if a phase plate corrects distortion for the ray to the fovea center, the rest of the image can be scanned at adequate resolution provided that a cylindrical mirror varies focal power in the horizontal.
Efficacy of prophylactic probiotics in combination with antibiotics versus antibiotics alone for colorectal surgery: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wu Xiang‐Dong , Xu Wei , Liu Meng‐Meng , Hu Ke‐Jia , Sun Ya‐Ying , Yang Xue‐Fei , Zhu Gui‐Qi , Wang Zi‐Wei , Huang Wei
Published: March 2018

This meta‐analysis aimed to determine whether prophylactic probiotics in combination with antibiotics are superior to antibiotics alone in the prevention of surgical site infection (SSI) after colorectal surgery. Fourteen trials involving 1524 participants were included. Compared with antibiotics alone, prophylactic probiotics in combination with antibiotics reduced the risk of SSI as well as other complications, shortened the cumulative duration of antibiotic therapy. Current evidence suggested that probiotics in combination with antibiotics could be recommended.
Should surgery be part of the multimodality treatment for stage IIIB non‐small cell lung cancer?
Authors: Collaud Stéphane , Provost Bastien , Besse Benjamin , Fabre Dominique , Le Chevalier Thierry , Mercier Olaf , Mussot Sacha , Fadel Elie
Published: March 2018

Background

Traditionally, treatment for stage IIIB (T4N2M0 and T1‐4N3M0) NSCLC consists in definitive chemoradiation. Surgery is used only anecdotally. Here, we studied outcome for patients treated with multimodality including surgery.

Methods

Patients who underwent surgery for stage IIIB between 2000 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed and data analyzed. Patients were selected for surgery if they would tolerate multimodality treatment, the tumor was deemed upfront resectable, and N2‐N3 involvement was limited to a non‐bulky single site. Survival was calculated from the date of surgery until last follow‐up. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify prognostic factors.

Results

During the study period, 5416 patients underwent resection for NSCLC in our center. Sixty patients (1%) had clinical stage IIIB. Thirty‐two patients had T4N2 NSCLC involving the carina and/or superior vena cava (n = 25, 78%), left atrium (n = 5, 16%), or other (n = 2, 6%). Half of the 28 patients with N3‐disease had supraclavicular node involvement. Pneumonectomy was performed in 27 patients (45%). Twenty‐nine patients (48%) had induction therapy, with chemotherapy alone. Adjuvant therapy was administered to 52 patients (87%), mostly chemoradiation. Complete resection rate was 92%. Post‐operative mortality was 3%. Three‐ and 5‐year overall survivals were 51% and 39%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified incomplete resection (P = 0.008) and absence of adjuvant treatment (P = 0.032) as poor survival prognostic factors.

Conclusions

Surgery can be considered as a component of multimodality therapy in highly selected patients with stage IIIB NSCLC based on encouraging 5‐year survival of 39%.
New nomogram predicts the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with negative preoperative serum AFP subjected to curative resection
Authors: Gan Wei , Huang Jin‐Long , Zhang Mei‐Xia , Fu Yi‐Peng , Yi Yong , Jing Chu‐Yu , Fan Jia , Zhou Jian , Qiu Shuang‐Jian
Published: March 2018

Background

There is currently no established model for predicting the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with negative alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) after curative resection. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish a nomogram to identify the risk of recurrence in AFP‐negative (<or = 20 ng/mL) patients with HCC.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted to establish the recurrence‐free survival (RFS) nomogram in a training cohort of 326 AFP‐negative HCC patients. The results were validated on a well‐matched validation cohort in the literature.

Results

Macrovascular tumour invasion (P = 0.018, HR = 1.642), macronodular cirrhosis (P < 0.001, HR = 2.128), tumor size (P = 0.004, HR = 1.691), and γ‐glutamyl transferase (P = 0.039, HR = 1.496) were found to be independent risk factors for RFS in the training cohort, and all these factors were included in the nomogram. The C‐index for RFS in the nomogram was 0.661, which was higher than that of the BCLC system (0.551), the CLIP score (0.537), and the prediction model of Ju (0.618). The high consistency between the nomogram prediction and actual observation was further demonstrated by the calibration curve. In the subsequent study, the better net benefit and higher threshold probability of the nomogram were determined by decision curve analysis, and these advantages were confirmed in the validation cohort.

Conclusions

The present RFS nomogram for AFP‐negative HCC patients after curative resection provides an accurate and reliable prognostic model to facilitate recurrence surveillance. Once AFP‐negative patients are predicted to have a high recurrence score, additional high‐end imaging examinations, such as MRI or CT exams, should be considered, and the interval time of regular folow‐up should be reduced.
New onset non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease after resection of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Mackay Tara Michella , Genç Cansu Güney , Takkenberg Robert Bart , Besselink Marc Gerard , Somers Inne , Nieveen van Dijkum Elisabeth Jacqueline Maria
Published: March 2018

Background and Objectives

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non‐alcoholic steatohepatis (NASH) may occur after pancreatic resection due to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). Patients with long‐term survival, such as after pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET) resection, are at risk of NAFLD/NASH. We aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors for new onset NAFLD/NASH and EPI after pNET resection.

Methods

Retrospective monocenter cohort study. Patients who underwent pNET resection (1992‐2016) were assessed for new onset NAFLD/NASH and EPI. Postoperative NAFLD/NASH was determined by a blinded abdominal radiologist, who compared pre‐ and postoperative imaging.

Results

Out of 235 patients with pNET, a total of 112 patients underwent resection and were included with a median follow‐up of 54 months. New onset NAFLD/NASH occurred in 20% and EPI in 49% of patients. Multivariate analysis showed that the only risk factor for new onset NAFLD/NASH was recurrent disease (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.1‐16.8, P = 0.031), but not EPI (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.3‐2.8, P = 0.911). The only risk factor for EPI was pancreatoduodenectomy (OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.4‐13.7, P = 0.012).

Conclusions

New onset NAFLD/NASH is occasionally found after pNET resection, especially in patients with recurrent disease, but is not related to EPI.
Publication trends in spine research from 2007 to 2016: Comparison of the Orthopaedic Research Society Spine Section and the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine
Authors: Martin John T. , Gullbrand Sarah E. , Fields Aaron J. , Purmessur Devina , Diwan Ashish D. , Oxland Thomas R. , Chiba Kazuhiro , Guilak Farshid , Hoyland Judith A. , Iatridis James C.
Published: March 2018

This study investigated current trends in spine publications of the membership of Orthopaedic Research Society Spine Section (ORS3) and the more global and clinically focused International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine (ISSLS). The PubMed database was probed to quantify trends in the overall number of articles published, the number of journals these articles were published in, and the number of active scientists producing new manuscripts. We also evaluated trends in flagship spine journals (Spine, European Spine Journal, and The Spine Journal) and in the Journal of Orthopaedic Research. The total number of active ORS3 and ISSLS authors and articles published have increased over the last 10 years. These articles are being published in hundreds of distinct journals; the number of journals is also increasing. Members of both societies published their work in Spine more than any other journal. Yet, publications in Spine decreased over the last 5 years for both ORS3 and ISSLS members, while those in European Spine Journal, and The Spine Journal remained unchanged. Furthermore, members of both societies have published in Journal of Orthopaedic Research at a consistent level. The increasing number of manuscripts and journals reflects a characteristic intrinsic to science as a whole—the global scientific workforce and output are growing and new journals are being created to accommodate the demand. These data suggest that existing spine journals do not fully serve the diverse publication needs of ORS3 and ISSLS members and highlight an unmet need for consolidating the premiere basic and translational spine research in an open access spine‐specific journal. This analysis was an important part of a decision process by the ORS to introduce JOR Spine.
Determination of oxalate and citrate in urine by capillary electrophoresis using solid‐phase extraction and capacitively coupled contactless conductivity based on an improved mini‐cell
Authors: Zhao Shengnan , Yin Dan , Du Huifang , Tian Xiangyu , Chen Yanlong , Zhang Wenfen , Yu Ajuan , Zhang Shusheng
Published: March 2018

A new method for the rapid determination of the metabolites oxalate and citrate in urine samples was based on capillary electrophoresis and capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection coupled with solid‐phase extraction. The detection cell for capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection was improved with a smaller inner volume (1.5 nL), reduced noise (0.2∼0.5 mV) and better reproducibility and durability. Under optimal conditions, oxalate and citrate can achieve baseline separation within 4 min and the detection limits (S/N = 3) for oxalate and citrate are about 44 and 244 ng/mL, respectively. The overall recovery is between 80.0 and 89.2%. This method offers a better choice for quantitative analysis of strong anions such as oxalate and citrate in diagnostic testing associated with human diseases.
Adsorbed hollow fiber‐based biological fingerprinting for the discovery of platelet aggregation inhibitors from Danshen–Honghua decoction
Authors: Zhang Qian , Tan Cheng‐Ning , Wang Ya‐li , Liu Wen‐Jing , Yang Feng‐Qing , Chen Hua , Xia Zhi‐Ning
Published: March 2018

For lead compound discovery from natural products, hollow fiber cell fishing with chromatographic analysis is a newly developed method. In this study, an adsorbed hollow fiber‐based biological fingerprinting method was firstly developed to discover potential platelet aggregation inhibitors from Danshen–Honghua decoction. Platelets were seeded on the fiber and their survival rate was tested. Results indicated that more than 92% platelets survived during the whole operation process. Ranitidine and tirofiban were used as positive and negative control respectively to verify the reliability of the presented approach. The main variables such as amount of extract and stirring time that affect the adsorbed hollow fiber‐based biological fingerprinting process were optimized, and the repeatability of this method was also investigated. Finally, 12 potential active compounds in Danshen–Honghua decoction were successfully detected using the established approach and structures for nine of them were tentatively identified by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis. In addition, the in vitro platelet aggregation inhibition test was carried out for five of the nine hit compounds, and three active components, namely, lithospermic acid, salvianolic acid A, and salvianolic acid B were confirmed. These results proved that the proposed method could be an effective approach for screening platelet inhibitors from plant extracts.
Beyond the stereotypes: Opportunities in China inbound tourism for second‐tier European destinations
Authors: Jørgensen Matias Thuen , Law Rob , King Brian Edward
Published: March 2018

The existing literature has often represented Chinese tourists in broad and stereotypical ways, as a new generation of bumbling camera‐waving tourists showing minimal regard for the local environments that they encounter. However, as Chinese have become more experienced travellers, they have diversified and changed their behaviours. Among these various changes, an increasing number of Chinese tourists have begun exploring second‐tier destinations. By focussing on Chinese travellers to less visited second‐tier destinations, this paper goes beyond the stereotypical representations of this fast‐maturing market. It illustrates the heterogeneity of Chinese tourism, and its advantages for second‐tier European destinations.
Isolated Fallopian Tube Torsion: A Unique Ultrasound Identity or a Serial Copycat?
Authors: Raban Oded , Zilber Hila , Hadar Eran , Efrat Zeev , Krissi Haim , Wiznitzer Arnon , Meizner Israel , Bardin Ron
Published: March 2018

Objectives

To report the preoperative ultrasound (US) signs of isolated fallopian tube torsion in surgically verified cases and to estimate whether preoperative US detection of this condition can be improved.

Methods

The charts of 27 women with a surgical diagnosis of isolated fallopian tube torsion at a tertiary medical center from 2005 to 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Data were collected from the electronic database of the US unit and compared with the surgical findings.

Results

Isolated fallopian tube torsion was correctly diagnosed by US before surgery in 8 of the 27 women (29.6%). In the remainder, the US signs were attributed to torsion of the ovary or the entire adnexa (n = 13), or no torsion was suspected (n = 6). Fallopian tube edema was listed as a US finding in 7 patients, of whom 5 had a correct diagnosis of isolated fallopian tube torsion. The presence of a paraovarian cyst concomitant with normal‐appearing ovaries was assumed by US in 5 of the 8 cases that were accurately diagnosed as isolated fallopian tube torsion. The most misinterpreted US finding was an ovarian cyst (suspected in 10 patients and verified at surgery in 2). Absence of blood flow was described in 12 women, of whom 5 had an accurate diagnosis of isolated fallopian tube torsion. Six of the patients with a correct US diagnosis were adults (37.5% of total adults), and 2 were adolescents (18.2% of total adolescents).

Conclusions

The US diagnosis of isolated fallopian tube torsion is challenging. A high index of suspicion is necessary to improve its detection, especially when there are possible US signs of torsion in the presence of a normal‐appearing ovary.
Impact of knowledge management processes on business performance: Evidence from Kuwait
Authors: Dzenopoljac Vladimir , Alasadi Rami , Zaim Halil , Bontis Nick
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this research study is to investigate the relationship between knowledge management (KM) processes and the level of business performance of organizations in Kuwait. The research utilized a survey that was administered to 500 employees of 139 private and government companies in Kuwait. Tests of validity and reliability confirmed the use of the survey instrument whereas factor analysis revealed 4 main factors whose impact on performance was assessed. The research results revealed that all 4 KM processes examined (i.e., knowledge generation and development, codification and storage, transfer and sharing, and use and evaluation) have a positive and significant impact on perceived business performance. Additionally, the research revealed that KM processes have the highest impact on innovation performance. The limitation of this study is mainly related to the limited geographical scope of the research, because the survey covered only companies from Kuwait. The originality of the research comes from geographical area covered. Virtually, no empirical research has been undertaken in area of knowledge management in Kuwait, as an oil‐dependent country.
Short‐ and long‐term outcomes of oropharyngeal cancer care in the elderly
Authors: Motz Kevin , Herbert Robert J. , Fakhry Carole , Quon Harry , Kang Hyunseok , Kiess Ana P. , Eisele David W. , Koch Wayne M. , Frick Kevin D. , Gourin Christine G.
Published: March 2018

Objective

To examine associations between pretreatment variables, short‐term and long‐term swallowing and airway impairment, and survival in elderly patients (age > 65 years) treated for oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (SCCA).

Study Design

Retrospective analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare data.

Methods

Longitudinal data from 666 patients diagnosed with oropharyngeal SCCA from 2004 to 2007 were evaluated using cross‐tabulations, multivariate logistic regression, and survival analysis.

Results

Dysphagia (odds ratio [OR] = 1.3, 1.0–1.7), esophageal stricture (OR = 5.5, 2.6–11.9), and airway obstruction (OR = 1.6, 1.1–2.2) increased 1 year after treatment. The odds of airway obstruction, esophageal stricture, and pneumonia increased over subsequent years, with significantly increased risk at 5 years for airway obstruction (OR = 3.0, 1.4–6.4), pneumonia (OR = 4.5, 1.8–11.2), and stricture (OR = 5.5, 1.8–17.6). Pretreatment dysphagia was a significant predictor of long‐term dysphagia, airway obstruction, and pneumonia. Chemoradiation, advanced stage disease, high‐volume hospital care, male sex, and salvage surgery were significant predictors of long‐term gastrostomy use. Long‐term dysphagia, gastrostomy or tracheostomy dependence, weight loss, airway obstruction, and pneumonia were associated with poorer survival, with tracheostomy dependence (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.2, 1.7–2.9) and pneumonia (HR = 2.0, 1.7–2.4) associated with the greatest risk of late mortality.

Conclusion

Airway and swallowing impairment is common after treatment of oropharyngeal SCCA in elderly patients, increases over time, and is associated with poorer survival. Patients with pretreatment dysphagia, advanced stage disease, initial treatment with chemoradiation, and salvage surgery represent a high‐risk group with an increased risk of disability and death.

Level of Evidence

2c. Laryngoscope, 128:2084–2093, 2018
Expression of tenascin‐C in a rat vocal fold injury model and its regulation of fibroblasts
Authors: Li Juan , Liu Yiqiong , Wang Yiming , Xu Wen
Published: March 2018

Objectives/Hypothesis

Tenascin‐C (Tnc) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein that plays a vital role in wound healing and fibrotic disease. Tnc is highly upregulated soon after vocal fold injury, but its function in the vocal fold has not yet been defined. In this study, we investigated Tnc expression in a rat vocal fold injury model in vivo and its roles in fibroblasts in vitro.

Study Design

In vivo and in vitro.

Methods

Tnc mRNA and protein expression levels were quantified on days 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56 after vocal fold injury in Sprague‐Dawley rats. In vitro, immunocytochemistry, Western blot, and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) analyses were performed in primary rat vocal fold fibroblasts following Tnc or transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 stimulation to investigate the phenotypic effects.

Results

Tnc mRNA and protein expression was upregulated dramatically on days 3 and 7 after injury, and significant differences were observed by qRT‐PCR (P < .01). In vitro, Tnc significantly stimulated the migration of primary vocal fold fibroblasts. Following incubation with Tnc for 72 hours, α‐smooth muscle actin, collagen I, and fibronectin expression was significantly upregulated (P < .05). TGF‐β1 increased Tnc expression in a time‐dependent manner, and a mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (SMAD3) inhibitor attenuated this TGF‐β1‐induced stimulation.

Conclusions

Tnc was highly upregulated during the early postinjury period in vivo and promoted vocal fold fibroblast migration, transdifferentiation, and ECM protein synthesis in vitro. Tnc was induced by TGF‐β1 in a SMAD3‐dependent manner. Transient expression of Tnc is likely to promote regeneration, but its potential role in fibrosis requires further study.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 128:E316–E322, 2018
The effect of postoperative steroids on post‐tonsillectomy pain and need for postoperative physician contact
Authors: Redmann Andrew J. , Maksimoski Matthew , Brumbaugh Cheryl , Ishman Stacey L.
Published: March 2018

Objectives/Hypothesis

Examine the effect of postoperative steroids on postoperative physician contacts and determine the hemorrhage rate for patients taking postoperative steroids.

Study Design

Retrospective review of medical records.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed of children undergoing tonsillectomies before and after the institution of a standard postoperative course of three doses of dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg). Tylenol and ibuprofen were also used for all patients, with oxycodone given as a rescue medication for children ≥6 years of age. Postoperative hemorrhage rate (all visits to the emergency department [ED] with concern for post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage), return to the ED for pain, and phone calls to the office for pain were recorded.

Results

A total of 1,200 children were included (300 without and 900 with steroids); there was no difference in age or weight between groups. Overall, the mean age was 6.6 ± 2.1 years and the hemorrhage rate was 7%. Parental phone calls decreased from 23.3% prior to steroid use to 14.7% after (P < .001), and post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage rates decreased from 9.7% to 5.7% (P = .02). There was no difference in ED visit rates (P = 0.70). Regression analysis showed that bleeding increased by 4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1%‐13%) for each increasing year of age (P < .001), whereas postoperative steroids decreased hemorrhage rates by 7% (95% CI: 1%‐9% reduction) (P = .013). The risk of a phone call increased by 2% for each year of age; postoperative steroids decreased phone calls by 9% (P < .001). There were no steroid‐related complications within 1 month of surgery.

Conclusions

A short course of postoperative steroids decreased the number of postoperative phone calls for pain by 9% after tonsillectomy, and decreased the risk of postoperative tonsillectomy hemorrhage by 7%.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 128:2187–2192, 2018
Assessing nontechnical skills in otolaryngology emergencies through simulation‐based training
Authors: Wu Kitty Y. , Kim Stephanie , Fung Kevin , Roth Kathryn
Published: March 2018

Objective

Nontechnical skills (NTS) are essential to emergency crisis management. Due to the rarity of true emergencies, they are challenging to teach and assess within a competency‐based curriculum. Our purpose is to evaluate the utility of the Non‐Technical Skills in Surgery (NOTSS) scale in NTS assessment in simulated otolaryngology and head and neck surgery (OTO–HNS) emergencies and identify common challenges that residents encounter.

Methods

Mixed methods analysis of 15 junior OTO–HNS resident teams in four simulated emergency scenarios. Six raters rated resident NTS performance using the NOTSS score. Constructivist‐grounded theory was used to analyze scenario video transcripts to identify areas of learner difficulty to guide future simulation development.

Results

Residents scored highest in situational awareness and lowest in leadership domains. Raters showed good consistency and reliability overall (Cronbach's alpha = 0.885). There was no statistical difference in ratings between surgical experts and nonexperts. Qualitative analysis demonstrated challenges with closed‐loop communication and handling transitions of leadership with the scenarios.

Conclusion

Simulation‐based training is an effective modality to teach NTS in crisis resource management. The NOTSS rating scale is a reliable instrument for assessing NTS in simulated OTO–HNS emergencies. Incorporating the NOTSS scale for NTS assessment within a competency‐based curriculum is recommended.

Level of Evidence

NA. Laryngoscope, 128:2301–2306, 2018
Cochlear implantation and auditory brainstem implantation in neurofibromatosis type 2
Authors: Peng Kevin A. , Lorenz Mark B. , Otto Steven R. , Brackmann Derald E. , Wilkinson Eric P.
Published: March 2018

Objectives/Hypothesis

To report a series of patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), where each patient underwent both cochlear implantation and auditory brainstem implantation for hearing rehabilitation, and to discuss factors influencing respective implant success.

Study Design

Retrospective case series.

Methods

Ten NF2 patients with both cochlear implantations and auditory brainstem implantations were retrospectively reviewed. Speech testing for auditory brainstem implants (ABIs) and cochlear implants (CIs) was performed separately. Scores at last follow‐up were obtained for Iowa vowels and consonants, Northwestern University Children's Perception of Speech (NU‐CHIPS), and City University of New York (CUNY) sentences.

Results

Mean age at time of implant was 37 years for cochlear implantation and 40 years for auditory brainstem implantation (P = .790, t test). Nine of 10 patients had a CI and ABI on contralateral sides, and one had both devices on the same side. Mean duration of deafness in the implanted ear was 4.3 years for both cochlear implantation and auditory brainstem implantation (P = .491, t test). Follow‐up range was 1 to 28 years. CI performance on NU‐CHIPS was 32% to 100%, and sound + lip‐reading CUNY was 56% to 100%. Four patients experienced an eventual decline in CI function to unusable levels. ABI performance on NU‐CHIPS was 40% to 80%, and sound + lip‐reading CUNY was 38% to 94%. There was no notable decline in ABI function over time.

Conclusions

If the cochlear nerve is intact, cochlear implantation can be an effective strategy for hearing rehabilitation in NF2. However, a significant proportion experience a decline in CI performance related to growing vestibular schwannoma or tumor treatment. Auditory brainstem implantation remains the standard option for surgical hearing rehabilitation in NF2, but peak performance is generally lower than that achievable with cochlear implantation.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 128:2163–2169, 2018
Nature‐based solutions: The need to increase the knowledge on their potentialities and limits
Authors: Fernandes João Paulo , Guiomar Nuno
Published: March 2018

This paper analyzes the concept of nature‐based solutions as instruments to turn anthromes more nature compatible, efficient, causing less degradation, and developing new biodiversity hotspots. It is mainly focused on solutions using living organisms (in particular plants and microorganisms) to perform functions such as those of soil‐ and water‐bioengineering interventions in order to ensure the safety of human infrastructures and constructions in contexts of conflict between natural processes and human needs. Further, it handles the problematic of reintroducing natural processes and functions in the built environment (urban, industrial, infrastructures, etc.) in order to recover, recreate, or reinvent nature in humanized landscapes and developing a more creative relation between humans and natural elements, processes, and functions. It presents, furthermore, the contribution of natural solutions to a wide variety of decontamination processes and prevention and recovery of degraded land and natural resources. Finally, we discuss the way these solutions can be implemented and the cultural, organizational, administrative and governance, paradigmatic, and practice changes it implies. Examples are given on the different issues presented as well on the possible implementation solutions.