bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and predictors of sleep disordered breathing in hospitalized heart failure patients
Authors: Huang Boping , Huang Yan , Zhai Mei , Zhou Qiong , Ji Shiming , Liu Huihui , Zhuang Xiaofeng , Zhang Yuhui , Zhang Jian
Published: September 2022

Background

Heart failure (HF) is often comorbid with sleep disordered breathing (SDB). This prospective study investigated the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and predictors of SDB in hospitalized HF patients.

Methods

Sleep studies were performed on hospitalized HF patients from January 2015 to February 2019. SDB was categorized as no/mild SDB, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and central sleep apnea (CSA).

Results

The study included 1069 hospitalized HF patients. The prevalence rates of OSA and CSA were 16.6% and 36.9%, respectively. Patients with OSA or CSA were more likely to be male and have a higher body mass index (BMI) and more comorbidities. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 1.803, 95% confidence interval  [CI] = 1.099–2.958), BMI (per 5 kg/m2 increase: OR = 2.270, 95% CI = 1.852–2.783), hypertension (OR = 2.719, 95% CI = 1.817–4.070), diabetes (OR = 1.477, 95% CI = 1.020–2.139), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (per 5% increase, OR = 1.126, 95% CI = 1.053–1.204) were independent predictors of OSA. Male sex (OR = 1.699, 95% CI = 1.085–1.271), age (per 10 years, OR = 1.235, 95% CI = 1.118‐1.363), heart rate (per 10 bpm, OR = 1.174, 95% CI = 1.099–2.958), LVEF (per 5% increase, OR = 0.882, 95% CI = 0.835–0.932), NT‐proBNP (lnNT‐proBNP, OR = 1.234, 95% CI = 1.089–1.398) and hypocapnia (OR = 1.455, 95% CI = 1.105–1.915) were independent predictors of CSA. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.794 (95% CI = 0.758–0.830) and 0.673 (95% CI = 0.640–0.706), respectively.

Conclusions

More than half of hospitalized HF patients had OSA or CSA, and CSA was the predominant type. OSA and CSA predictors differ. The clinical characteristics of HF patients can help make preliminary predictions for SDB patients.
Prognostic value of global longitudinal strain in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Ying , Wu Dong , Wang Hui , Wang Yanting
Published: September 2022

Background

As previously reported, impairment of left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) is associated with myocardial fibrosis, arrhythmias, and heart failure in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients.

Hypothesis

This study aimed to estimate the association between LVGLS measured by echocardiography and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with HCM.

Methods

Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for evaluating the difference of LVGLS between MACE and non‐MACE and the relevance of LVGLS and MACE in HCM patients, mean difference (MD), and pooled hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Publication bias was detected by funnel plots and Egger's test, and trim‐and‐fill analysis was employed when publication bias existed.

Results

A total of 13 studies reporting 2441 HCM patients were included in this meta‐analysis. Absolute value of LVGLS was lower in the group of HCM with MACE (MD = 2.74, 95% CI: 2.50–2.99, p < .001; I2 = 0, p = .48). In the pooled unadjusted model, LVGLS was related to MACE (HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.06–1.22, p < .05, I2 = 58.4%, p < .01) and there is a mild heterogeneity, and sensitivity analysis showed stable results. In the pooled adjusted model, LVGLS was related to MACE (HR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.08–1.16, p < .05; I2 = 0%, p = .442). Egger's tests showed publication bias, and trim‐and‐fill analysis was applied, with final results similar to the previous and still statistically significant.

Conclusion

The meta‐analysis suggested that impaired LVGLS was associated with poor prognosis in HCM patients.
A Mixed PC61BM‐COi8DFIC Based Electron Transport Material for Inverted High‐performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ali Jazib , Li Yu , Song Jingnan , Zhang Ming , Zhou Guanqing , Xu Jinqiu , Zhu Lei , Hussain Ahmad , Khan Firoz , Liu Feng
Published: September 2022

This study reports a blend of [6, 6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) and COi8DFIC non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA) as an electron transport layer (ETL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This mixed small‐molecule ETL showed good inter‐molecule mixing, reduced intermolecular distances and decent morphology, resulting in excellent charge carrier transport properties. Morever, charge carrier extraction and transport at the perovskite/ETL interface was optimized by reducing surface traps and defects due to the passivation ability of various terminal groups from the COi8DFIC molecule. A high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.12 % was achieved by taking advantage of benefits from both molecules, showing much better performance than the invidual PC61BM or COi8DFIC (7.13% for using the NFA only). Moreover, the storage and ambient stabilities of the mixed ETL‐based PSCs increased dramatically compared to control devices.
Bioequivalence of Pomalidomide Capsules in Fasting and Fed States in Healthy Male Volunteers: A Randomized, Open, Single‐Dose, Biperiodic, Double‐Crossover Study
Authors: Wang Yannan , Lin Sisi , Wang Ying , Wang Zhuoyan
Published: September 2022

This study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetic parameters, and bioequivalence (BE) of pomalidomide (POM) capsules (specification: 4 mg) acquired from 2 sponsors (test [T] and reference [R]), under fasting and fed conditions. A single‐center, randomized, open‐label, 2‐cycle, self‐crossover, single‐dose clinical trial was conducted. Subjects were divided into fasting (n = 28) and fed (n = 28) groups and assigned randomized treatment sequences (T‐R or R‐T). Blood samples for pharmacokinetic evaluation were collected within 48 hours of administration, and safety was assessed throughout. Exposure to POM was similar following single‐oral‐dose administrations of T or R between the fasting and fed states. T and R exhibited BE, as demonstrated by statistical analysis; the 90%CIs of the geometric mean ratios of maximum plasma concentration, area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC)from time 0 to the last measurable concentration, and AUC from time 0 to infinity were within the acceptable BE range (80%–125%). Administering POM capsules with high‐fat meals resulted in a 2.5‐hour delay in time to maximum concentration and an ≈20.4% reduction in maximum plasma concentration. However, AUCs were comparable after dose administrations with and without food. The fast and fed groups revealed that POM capsules were tolerated in healthy Chinese male subjects, and so were orally bioavailable in healthy subjects under fasting and fed states.
Graphdiyne(CnH2n‐2)‐Based NiCo LDH – Graphdiyne – CuI Double S‐Scheme Heterojunction For Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production**
Authors: Zhang Yueyang , Liu Hai , Yang Mengxue , Liu Shanchi , Jin Zhiliang
Published: September 2022

Graphdiyne (GDY), a new two‐dimensional carbon isomer material, has received much attention due to its excellent properties, but has been less applied in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen production. Different from the conventional method, in this paper, GDY−CuI binary heterojunctions are prepared by the one‐pot method, and then GDY−CuI is combined with different morphologies of NiCoLDH (NiCoLDH‐F and NiCoLDH‐R; LDH=layered double hydroxide) through morphology modulation to form NiCoLDH−CuI−GDY double S‐scheme heterojunction catalysts. On the one hand, NiCoLDH could provide sufficient anchor sites for GDY−CuI, which is conducive to the separation and transport of electrons at the contact interface and provides abundant reaction sites for the hydrogen precipitation reaction. NiCoLDH in the form of nanorods is more stable and provides more active sites for hydrogen precipitation than NiCoLDH in the form of nanoflowers. On the other hand, the construction of double S‐scheme heterojunctions can promote electron transfer and exhibit strong redox ability in photocatalytic reactions, so the hydrogen precipitation activity is enhanced. Most importantly, both NiCoLDH‐F−CuI−GDY (12.09 μmol ⋅ h−1) and NiCoLDH‐R−CuI−GDY (13.47 μmol ⋅ h−1) exhibited excellent hydrogen precipitation activity. This experiment provides a new strategy for the construction of an efficient and environmentally friendly multicatalytic system.
A sexual highly diploidized autotetraploid plant induced from the diploid cytotype of Paspalum chaseanum Parodi
Authors: Novo Patricia E. , Carrizo Julio M. , Villalba Augusto I. , Quarin Camilo L. , Espinoza Francisco
Published: September 2022

Paspalum is one of the most common native grass genera of the New World grasslands, and it includes many wild natural forage species and rare domesticated ones. Polyploidy is widespread among the genus. Many species are multiploid, which basically involve two components: a sexual self‐incompatible diploid cytotype and a conspecific apomictic tetraploid, pseudogamous, and self‐compatible cytotype, though other apomictic polyploid levels may occur in the same species. Tetraploid individuals, reproducing exclusively sexually, have never been identified in a natural apomictic tetraploid Paspalum species. Doubling the chromosome number of a 2x cytotype is used to obtain a sexual autotetraploid to carry out sexual × apomictic crosses in breeding programs for plant improvement. After numerous attempts we generated only one autotetraploid plant of P. chaseanum (I4C) which reproduced sexually and was highly self‐incompatible. An unexpected preferential chromosome pairing resulted in the cytological diploidization of I4C. Despite each chromosome having three copies in I4C, meiotic chromosome configurations showed just 9.9% chromosomes forming multivalents (trivalents and quadrivalents), 82.1% bivalents, plus 7.9% univalents. The possible causes of this preferential pairing were analyzed. Although highly self‐incompatible, it was fertile in crosses following intra‐ and interspecific pollinations, but with variable seed set, from over 45% when crossed with an apomictic natural tetraploid strain of P. chaseanum, to 0.9% with a strain of P. wrightii. Thus, a novel autotetraploid P. chaseanum was synthesized with very interesting characteristics: sexual reproduction, high self‐incompatibility, variable cross‐compatibility, and high cytological diploidization. All valuable attributes for breeding programs in a forage grass.
Metal‐Free Photocatalysts for Conversion of H2O into Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Wang Qiao , Kong Xin Ying , Wang Yongye , Wang Li , Huang Yingping , Li Hui , Ma Tianyi , Ye Liqun
Published: September 2022

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important green oxidizing agent for environmental protection and chemical production. In comparison to the traditional anthraquinone method, photosynthesis is a green and energy‐saving process for H2O2 production. To improve the stability and practical application value of the H2O2 synthesized by photocatalysis, the H2O2 photosynthesis should be conducted in pure water without involving any sacrificial reagents. In this regard, organic semiconducting catalysts pose as a suitable candidate for photocatalytic H2O2 synthesis owing to their metal‐free nature to prevent H2O2 decomposition by the metal ions. In this Perspective, the H2O2 photosynthesis history is firstly introduced, followed by a review of the organic semiconductor photocatalysts reported to date. Finally, the main problems to thwart the advances of current pure H2O‐to‐H2O2 photosynthesis are discussed, followed by proposed solutions to address these issues in order to pave new ways for the development of highly efficient metal‐free organic photocatalysts for sustainable pure H2O‐to‐H2O2 conversion.
A comparative study of FNN‐based dynamic sliding mode control for DC‐DC converters
Authors: Wang Jiahui , Gao Yabin , Zhao Yue , Feng Zhiguang , Liu Jianxing
Published: September 2022

In this paper, a dynamic sliding‐mode variable‐structure control (VSC) is proposed for the voltage tracking control for DC‐DC boost converters, combining with a type of fuzzy neural networks (FNNs) based on different membership functions. In terms of the uncertainties from parameter perturbations and unmodeled dynamics in the DC‐DC converter, the FNNs including, respectively, Gaussian membership functions and ellipsoidal‐type membership functions are employed to approximate the uncertainties. Based on an average model for the present converter, a novel dynamic VSC that is induced by an auxiliary dynamics of the duty cycle is designed, by exploring an ideal line sliding surface based on the reference inputs and the duty cycle for the converter. Under the basis of the adaptive FNN dynamic VSC law, the tracking error system of the DC‐DC boost converter is analyzed to be boundedly stable. Eventually, the validation and the superiority of the proposed dynamic VSC method are shown in some comparative simulations.
O'Neil, Cathy. 2016. Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy. Crown.
Authors: Slussareff Michaela
Published: September 2022

The book Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy provides a very important point of view on the mathematical models and algorithms used for decisionmaking in our society. As the title suggests the author sees the possible dangerous influences of algorithms used for the specific groups in the society as huge and disastrous. The book describes the mechanism and functioning of mathematical models and algorithms in a comprehensible manner. It uses practical examples of various mechanisms commonly used in today's society. The main aim of the book is to break the myths about the mathematical models and their results, mainly the widespread beliefs about the algorithms as being fair, objective, and unbiased.
Pushing Boundaries—Selective Cooling Crystallization as Tool for Selectivity Compensation and Product Purification Using a Recyclable Pd/Xantphos Catalyst in the Methoxycarbonylation of Methyl 10‐Undecenoate
Authors: Vondran Johanna , Moeschke Rebecca , Deysenroth Tabea , Seidensticker Thomas
Published: September 2022

The homogeneously catalyzed methoxycarbonylation of methyl 10‐undecenoate allows for the synthesis of dimethyl 1,12‐dodecandioate as an interesting bio‐based drop‐in alternative for 1,12‐dodecandioic acid as polymer building block. Although the benchmark catalyst system of Pd/1,2‐bis((di‐tert‐butylphosphino)methyl)benzene and methane sulfonic acid is very active and selective, long‐term stability over a potential catalyst recycling is limited. In this work, modifications of this catalyst system in terms of protonation of the ligand and its replenishment during recycling are first investigated, proving that the reaction system is tolerant against minor changes. Finally, the commercially available ligand Xantphos, featuring higher stability but comes with a rather low l:b selectivity of 70:30, is applied. However, through the application of cooling crystallization, 58 g product (52% isolated yield) with an overall purity of 94% is obtained from the crude reaction solution without further treatment and a ∑TON of 4000 after ten reaction runs, while catalyst loss into the product is low.

Practical Applications: Selective syntheses on the basis of renewable resources are a powerful tool for the production of value products in terms of green chemistry. Thereby, homogeneous transition metal catalysts are beneficial regarding selectivity. However, their separation and recycling are challenging due to their limited stability. The combination of a stable, commercially available catalyst with a selective purification method allows for isolation and purification from a crude reaction mixture without the need for any auxiliary or further purification steps. In this work, cooling crystallization is applied for subsequent purification of the linear diester dimethyl 1,12‐dodecandioate. Thereby, a lower selectivity from the methoxycarbonylation reaction using the stable Xantphos ligand is compensated and combined with recycling of the homogeneous catalyst. Thus, the development of an integrated process covering a stable catalyst system in the reaction, and high selectivity in the purification is the key toward an efficient homogeneous catalyst recycling.
The morphology and stratification of giant eddy bars reflect the variation in shape of palaeoflood hydrographs: A flume study
Authors: Liu Dingzhu , Carling Paul A. , Wang Hao , Liu Weiming , Cui Yifei , Wu Chaohua , Jin Wen , Bazai Nazir Ahmed
Published: September 2022

Evidence for ungauged large freshwater palaeofloods in valley‐confined landscapes frequently includes giant flow‐eddy bars, deposited in alcoves along the floodway margins. Elevations of the bar tops commonly are used to define the minimum water level for computational flood simulations. Field study has shown that giant bar stratigraphy and sedimentology can be distinctive; identifying the alluvial signature of large palaeofloods where the morphological evidence may be less clear. However, whether the shape and stratigraphy of eddy bars provide indicators as to the nature of the floodwaves has not been considered widely. Flood hydrographs might be dam‐break surge waves, gradually varied, or steady flows, for example. Yet, if bar form and stratigraphy vary systematically with the nature of the flood wave, then bars have additional value in defining the style of unrecorded floodwaves for environmental interpretation and flood modelling purposes.

An experimental water flume was used to reproduce three styles of scaled floodwave that might be associated with sudden and more protracted releases of water from upstream reservoirs. Discharge was through a channel consisting of a series of contractions and expansions. Eddy bars were deposited within the flow separation zones that formed at each flow expansion. The basic hydraulic characteristics of the floodwaves were recorded and the form of the bars and the stratigraphy were examined.

The results indicate that each style of flood deposited a distinctive barform and related stratigraphy. In this manner, we demonstrate that the examination of the form and stratification of giant bars in the natural environment can provide information on the style of the palaeoflood – sudden release or protracted flow – that was responsible for the deposition of the bars. Such information assists with the identification and interpretation of the nature and source of the floodwater as well as informing attempts to model hydrograph shapes.
How impervious are solar arrays? On the need for geomorphic assessment of energy transition technologies
Authors: Shobe Charles M.
Published: September 2022

Staying within manageable global temperature rise scenarios (i.e., 1.5° C) requires rapid decarbonization of energy sources. Research on the energy transition typically focuses on engineering, socioeconomic, and political challenges related to implementation of renewable energy technologies. Yet many facets of the energy transition are intricately intertwined with earth surface processes. Projects that advance the energy transition affect surface hydrology, sediment transport, and landscape evolution. Geomorphic processes likewise set the feasibility of energy transition projects. Here I use the lens of a recent policy debate to examine a case study that illustrates the key role of surface processes in determining the geomorphic impact and feasibility of the energy transition: the potential for conversion of agricultural land to photovoltaic arrays to drive soil erosion and water quality degradation. I point to open research questions that will result in both basic science advances and improved policy outcomes arising from effective geomorphic assessment of potential solar development. Zooming out from this case study, I suggest that there are significant environmental benefits to be gained by integrating earth surface processes research into planning for – and realizing – the transition to sustainable energy.
Convection of 3D MHD non‐Newtonian couple stress nanofluid flow via stretching surface
Authors: Jagadeesh Shiva , Reddy Marpadaga Chenna Krishna
Published: September 2022

This study involvesthe numerical modeling of steady thermal radiation and chemical reaction on non‐Newtonian fluid motion via a bidirectional stretching surface. We have taken convective boundary conditions, and heat sources on the stretching surface. The working fluid of the present study is Casson fluid (“non‐Newtonian”) with couple stress. The self‐similarity forms of the nonlinear thermal radiative flow model are obtained by using similarity variables. Furthermore, the numerical results are computed with the help of fourth‐order Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method with a shooting algorithm after reducing nonlinear partial differential equations have been translated into strong ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Impacts of the various flow physical parameters especially Biot number, nonlinear thermal radiation, and heat source parameters containing nonlinear ODEs are discussed in detail for distinct numerical values. A comparison of calculated results with the known numerical results made with the previously published literature is mentioned and obtained a good agreement. Finally, we found that the (“coefficient of skin friction”) declines along directions, respectively, with via while the opposite direction follows with respect to and the (“heat transfer rate”), (“mass transfer rate”) increase with via while opposite direction follows with respect to .
Epidemiology of overall and early‐onset serrated polyps versus conventional adenomas in a colonoscopy screening cohort
Authors: Vithayathil Mathew , Smith Scott , Song Mingyang
Published: September 2022

Serrated polyps (SPs) are precursors to one‐third of colorectal cancers (CRCs), with histological subtypes: hyperplastic polyps (HPs), sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) and traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs). The incidence of early‐onset CRC before the age of 50 is increasing, with limited understanding of SPs in younger cohorts. Using a large colonoscopy‐based cohort, we characterized epidemiologic profiles of SP subtypes, compared to conventional adenomas, with secondary analysis on early‐onset polyps. Ninety‐four thousand four hundred and twenty‐seven patients underwent screening colonoscopies between 2010 and 2018. Demographic, endoscopic and histopathologic characteristics of each polyp subtype were described. High‐risk polyps included SSLs ≥10 mm/with dysplasia and conventional adenomas ≥10 mm/with tubulovillous/villous histology/high‐grade dysplasia. We examined polyp prevalence with age and compared early‐ (age < 50) and late‐onset polyps (age ≥ 50). Eighteen thousand one hundred and twenty‐five patients had SPs (4357 SSLs, 15 415 HPs, 120 TSAs) and 26 699 had conventional adenomas. High‐risk SSLs were enriched in the ascending colon (44.1% vs 2.6‐35.8% for other locations; P < .003). Early‐ and late‐onset SPs had similar subsite distribution. Early‐onset conventional adenomas were more enriched in the distal colon/rectum (51.8% vs 43.4%, P < .001). Multiple conventional adenomas were more represented in late‐onset groups (40.8% vs 33.8%, P < .001), with no difference in SSLs. The prevalence of conventional adenomas/high‐risk conventional adenomas increased continuously with age, whereas the prevalence of SSLs/high‐risk SSLs was stable from age 40 years onwards. A higher proportion of women were diagnosed with early‐onset than late‐onset SSLs (62.9% vs 57.6%, P = .03). Conventional adenomas, SSLs, early‐ and late‐onset polyps have distinct epidemiology. The findings have implications for improved colonoscopy screening and surveillance and understanding the etiologic heterogeneity of CRC.
Bio‐inspired NiO/ZrO2 mixed oxides (NZMO) for oxygen evolution reactions: from facile synthesis to electrochemical analysis
Authors: Zahra Taghazal , Ahmad Khuram Shahzad , Zequine Camila , Gupta Ram , Malik Mohammad Azad , Niazi Javed H. , Qureshi Anjum
Published: September 2022

Background

Earth's abundant natural materials can be exploited for their potential in producing economically viable and sustainable electrocatalysts for clean energy generation. Herein, we employed a low cost and environmentally benign synthesis approach using plant extract as capping agent to synthesize bimetallic NiO/ZrO2 (nickel/Zirconiu mixed oxides; NZMO), and then studied their electrocatalytic properties.

Results

The synthesized material was characterized for its elemental, compositional and morphological feature elucidation. The phytocapping agents were probed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) which confirmed the active contribution of phytocompounds in synthesis as capping and stabilizing agents. Elemental and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis manifested the presence of Ni, Zr and O content with morphological elucidations representing well‐defined structures. The synthesized material was systematically investigated for electrocatalytic performance towards an oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Electrochemical testing showed that the NZMO exhibits remarkable enhanced catalytic activity with 0.39 V overpotential value and 72 mV dec−1 Tafel value at an existing density of 10 mA cm−2, which is comparable to that of precious metal catalysts.

Conclusion

Experimental investigation demonstrates that the remarkable OER performance of NZMO could be attributed to intrinsic catalytic properties originating as a result of binary materials. Moreover, the organic compounds involved in the synthesis mechanism also could be the major contributors in terms of provision of active sites due to protons. Thus, the present work presents a promising electrocatalytic material using mixed metal oxides and paves a novel path toward the green synthesis of binary oxides with improved electrocatalytic performance. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Implementation of CAD/CAM program in a nonface‐to‐face classroom environment due to the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Hwi , Lee Jong‐Hyuk , Ha Seung‐Ryong , Choi Yu‐Sung
Published: September 2022

Purpose/Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate a nonface‐to‐face crown designing module in a preclinical dental course.

Methods

Free dental planning software (Blue Sky Plan) was installed on the personal computers of dental college students, and a #46 full veneer crown designing practice was performed individually. An online survey was conducted on the computers’ specification and main usage of the students, the practice process, and results. Statistical analysis was conducted to analyze the association between variables, such as “operating system,” “central processing unit ,” “number of cores,” “random‐access memory (RAM),” “graphic card,” and task performance.

Results

Of the D2 students, 75.4% (52 of 69) responded to the survey. Overall, 96% of the respondents used their computers, and all respondents had no problem running the program. Most of the students marked their level of computer literacy as intermediate and had purchased the computers for the purpose of performing light work. The most common specifications of the computer were Intel i5, quad core, 8 GB RAM, and Windows 10. Students had little experience with computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing before the class. The relationship between computer specifications and task performance was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Overall, students with intermediate‐level computer literacy used computers with less than the recommended specifications of the program; however, they were able to run the program and individually proceed with modules to submit results. Using an individually available crown designing program can provide an opportunity to diversify curricula and broaden students’ perspectives even under circumstances like the COVID‐19 pandemic that limits intimate face‐to face classes.
Chronological changes in the gut microbiota and intestinal environment in recipients and donors of living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Yao Siyuan , Yagi Shintaro , Hirata Masaaki , Miyachi Yosuke , Ogawa Eri , Uozumi Ryuji , Sugimoto Takuya , Asahara Takashi , Uemoto Shinji , Hatano Etsuro
Published: September 2022

Background/Purpose

This prospective study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes in the gut microbiota (GM) and associated intestinal environment, which were assessed by measuring fecal organic acid (OA) concentrations, during the early period after liver transplantation (LT). To understand the fundamental characteristics of the human GM, data obtained from living donors were also analyzed.

Methods

Fixed‐point observation was performed in 23 recipients and 21 donors for up to 2 weeks after LT. The GM and OA concentrations were investigated using ribosomal RNA‐targeted reverse‐transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and high‐performance liquid chromatography, respectively.

Results

Before LT, the recipients exhibited remarkable dysbiosis and OA depletion, which were proportional to the model for end‐stage liver disease score. Correlations between the abundances of some specific strains and OA concentrations were observed. After LT, while donor lobectomy caused only slight, transient and reversible changes in the GM and OA concentrations, recipients exhibited delayed recovery in these factors. However, no clear evidence of causality was observed between the GM or OA concentrations and LT outcomes.

Conclusions

The GM and intestinal environment in LT recipients exhibited characteristics that were clearly different from those in donors. LT did not normalize but rather disrupted the GM during the early post‐LT period, but its negative clinical impact could be minimized with perioperative management.
Neurocognitive performance and quality of life of older adults with HIV on antiretroviral treatment in Northern Thailand
Authors: Aurpibul Linda , Sripan Patumrat , Tangmunkongvorakul Arunrat , Chaikan Wilawan , Sarachai Saowalak , Srithanaviboonchai Kriengkrai
Published: September 2022

Introduction

With virologic suppression and longer life expectancy, older adults with HIV (OAHIV) are at risk for neurocognitive impairment (NCI). This study investigated neurocognitive performance, quality of life (QOL) and the association between OAHIV determinants.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was conducted in OAHIV aged ≥ 50 years on antiretroviral treatment at community hospitals in Northern Thailand between September and November 2020. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Thai Version (MoCA‐T) and the Thai‐validated Medical Outcomes Study HIV (MOS‐HIV) were used. NCI was defined as MoCA‐T scores <25: 16–24 for amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and <16 for dementia. For QOL, higher scores meant better QOL; a physical health summary T‐score ≥50 was defined as good QOL.

Results

Overall, 269 OAHIV were enrolled; 59% were female and 99% had virologic suppression. The current median age was 61.8 years (interquartile range [IQR] 58.9–65.7). The median duration of antiretroviral treatment was 10.5 years (IQR 8.5–13.5). The current median CD4 count (234 tested) was 484 cells/mm3 (IQR 339–634), and 99% had plasma HIV RNA <40 copies/ml (229 tested). The median MoCA‐T score was 20.0 (IQR 16.3–23.0). There were 234 OAHIV (87.3%) with NCI: 182 (67.9%) with aMCI and 52 (19.4%) with dementia. A hundred and ninety (70.6%) had good QOL. Bivariate analysis revealed no correlation between MoCA‐T scores and QOL. Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that MoCA‐T score was associated with older age (r = –0.144, p = 0.002), lower education (r = 0.629, p < 0.001), lower income (r = 0.797, p = 0.040) and shorter treatment duration (r = 0.189, p = 0.006).

Conclusions

The vast majority of OAHIV with virologic suppression had NCI. Approximately two‐thirds had a mild impairment and one‐fifth had dementia. Neurocognitive performance and QOL were not correlated. Addressing mild NCI would enable more targeted monitoring. Early intervention and support could minimize functional impairment with increased age.
The Effects of Wearing a 3‐Ply or KN95 Face Mask on Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygenation
Authors: Fothergill Aisling , Birkl Christoph , Kames Christian , Su Wayne , Weber Alexander , Rauscher Alexander
Published: September 2022

Background

The SARS‐CoV‐2 virus has impacted life in many ways, one change being the use of face masks. Their effect on MRI‐based measurements of cerebral oxygen levels with quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) is not known.

Purpose

This study investigated whether wearing a face mask leads to changes in CBF and cerebral venous oxygen saturation measured with MRI.

Study Type

Repeated‐measures cohort study.

Population

A total of 16 healthy volunteers (eight male, eight female; 22–36 years) were recruited for the 3‐ply study. Ten of the 16 participants (five male, five female; 23–36 years) took part in the KN95 study.

Field Strength/Sequence

A 3 T, single‐delay 3D gradient‐and spin‐echo pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) scan for CBF quantification, and gradient‐echo for QSM and oxygenation quantification.

Assessment

Gray matter CBF and magnetic susceptibility were assessed by masking the pCASL CBF map and the QSM map to the T1‐weighted gray matter tissue segmentation. Venous oxygenation was determined from venous segmentation of QSM maximum intensity projections.

Statistical Tests

Paired Student's t‐tests and Cohen's d effect sizes were used to compare the face mask and no face mask scans for gray matter CBF, gray matter magnetic susceptibility, and cerebral venous oxygen saturation. Standard t‐tests were used to assess whether the order of scanning with and without a mask had any impact. A statistical cut off of P < 0.05 was used.

Results

The 3‐ply masks increased gray matter CBF from an average of 43.99 mL/(100 g*min) to 46.81 mL/(100 g*min). There were no significant changes in gray matter magnetic susceptibility (P = 0.07), or cerebral venous oxygen saturation (P = 0.36) for the 3‐ply data set. The KN95 masks data set showed no statistically significant changes in gray matter CBF (P = 0.52) and magnetic susceptibility (P = 0.97), or cerebral venous oxygen saturation (P = 0.93).

Data Conclusion

The changes in blood flow and oxygenation due to face masks are small. Only CBF increased significantly due to wearing a 3‐ply mask.

Evidence Level

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3
Analysis and prediction of power distribution network loss based on machine learning
Authors: Liu Jie , Cao Yijia , Li Yong , Guo Yixiu , Deng Wei
Published: September 2022

In this paper, the historical network loss is calculated by using the cleaned historical data collected by the user electricity meter, the transformer gateway meter every 15 min and the gateway meter of the transformer substation every half an hour. Use machine learning technologies to analyze the loss of distribution network, reveal the changing law of distribution network loss and its influencing factors (electrical/non‐electrical parameters), and predict future distribution network loss. Pearson correlation, characteristics of the Random Forest important attributes and MIC (Maximal Information Coefficient) are adopted to analyze correlations between the power network loss and the electrical parameters such as unbalanced three‐phase, power factor, load rate, active power, reactive power together with atmospheric factors (temperature, humidity, and wind speed). The factors strongly related to network loss as the input of the multi‐parallel input multi‐step output stacking LSTM (Long Term Memory) prediction model to predict network loss. The simulation data in this paper comes from the actual data of 44 subareas of the 10 KV distribution network. The experimental results show that the data cleaning methods: the cluster‐based Local Outlier Factor algorithm and the improved Random Forest imputation algorithm are effective for enhancing the prediction accuracy. Especially the improved Random Forest algorithm is robust to all missing forms. Compared with the baseline model, the multi‐parallel input multi‐step output stacking LSTM prediction model has higher forecasting accuracy.
Striking Kaiser MH therapists reject contract offer
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: September 2022

As the Kaiser strike moves into its seventh week, mental health therapists on Sept. 24 rejected a contract offer from the Health Maintenance Organization that they said did not come close to addressing the core issues of understaffing and inadequate care for 4.6 million Kaiser Permanente health care insurance members in Northern California and the Central Valley.
Implementing the spectral relaxation method for MHD Casson and Williamson model under the effects of heat generation and viscous dissipation
Authors: Khader Mohamed M. , Adel Mohamed
Published: September 2022

The nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that represents the model of non‐Newtonian Casson and Williamson fluid flow and heat mass transfer on the slendering stretched surface immersed in a porous medium is solved and successfully treated by using the spectral relaxation method (SRM). In this physical model, which is dependent linearly on temperature, we investigate the impact of thermal conductivity viscous dissipation. The primary purpose of this research is to look at how the physical elements affecting the problem affect velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. The Gauss–Seidel principle is also used in the SRM to break down the resulting nonlinear system of ODEs into smaller linear systems. We utilize this approach because it solves the problem accurately, quickly, and with little programming effort. We give particular focus on demonstrating the SRM's stability and convergence rate. The findings reveal that the skin friction coefficient grows as the magnetic number increases, whereas the Casson and local Williamson parameters behave oppositely. Additionally, the Nusselt number is further enhanced by improving the local Williamson parameter contrary to the decreasing trend with the thermal conductivity parameter and Eckert number. The numerical results show that the suggested methodology enhances the method's computing speed and gives improved accuracy, which we can confirm. Additionally, the SRM speeds up convergence to the necessary solution.
Adaptive control for reliable cooperative intersection crossing of connected autonomous vehicles
Authors: Wei Yu , He Xiaozheng (Sean)
Published: September 2022

Rapid advances in vehicle automation and communication technologies enable connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) to cross intersections cooperatively, which could significantly improve traffic throughput and safety at intersections. Virtual platooning, designed upon car‐following behavior, is one of the promising control methods to promote cooperative intersection crossing of CAVs. Nevertheless, demand variation raises safety and stability concerns when CAVs adopt a virtual platooning control approach. Along this line, this study proposes an adaptive vehicle control method to facilitate the formation of a virtual platoon and the cooperative crossing of CAVs, factoring demand variations at an isolated intersection. This study derives the stability conditions of virtual CAV platoons depending on the time‐varying traffic demand. Based on the derived stability conditions, an optimization model is proposed to adaptively control CAVs dynamics by balancing approaching traffic mobility and safety to enhance the reliability of cooperative crossing at intersections. The simulation results show that, compared to the nonadaptive control, our proposed method can increase the intersection throughput by 18.2%. Also, time‐to‐collision results highlight the advantages of the proposed adaptive control in securing traffic safety.
Stoffströme: Weniger Ethen, mehr Milchsäure
Authors: Ehrensberger Christian
Published: September 2022

Wenn die Chemieindustrie als Basis immer häufiger nachwachsende statt fossile Rohstoffe nutzt, sind andere Synthesewege notwendig. Bisher machen pflanzenbasierte Chemikalien oft nur einen kleinen Teil des Endprodukts aus. Nicht alles wird neu – aber vieles.
Promotion: Raum für Berufspraxis
Authors: Bodewits Karin
Published: September 2022

Frisch promovierte Chemiker:innen sind ausschließlich dazu ausgebildet zu forschen. Um auf dem Arbeitsmarkt außerhalb der Universität leicht Fuß zu fassen, reicht das nicht aus. Ein Vorschlag zur Flexibilisierung des Promotionsstudiums.
Pharmaindustrie: Zytostatika zum Patienten bringen
Authors: Kasper Marc‐André , Schumacher Dominik
Published: September 2022

Das Start‐up Tubulis entwickelt Antikörper‐Wirkstoff‐Konjugate gegen Krebserkrankungen. Dazu nutzt es ein firmeneigenes flexibles Design, das die Nebenwirkungen der Konjugate verringert und sie wirksamer macht. Jetzt sucht es nach weiteren Einsatzmöglichkeiten und hat neue Geldgeber gewonnen.
Redoxkatalyse mit Gruppe‐15‐Elementen
Authors: Coburger Peter
Published: September 2022

Die homogene Katalyse nutzt meist Komplexe von Übergangsmetallen, denn diese vermögen leicht ihre Oxidationsstufen zu wechseln. Allerdings sind Übergangsmetalle selten und teuer. Eine Alternative könnten Pniktogenverbindungen sein.
CheMento‐Halbzeitreflexion
Authors: Yasin Yasmin
Published: September 2022

Die Freude war groß, als Anfang Juli die CheMento‐Halbzeitreflexion der fünften Runde endlich wieder in Präsenz stattfand.
Nachruf: Günter Domschke (1930 – 2022)
Authors: Plietker Bernd
Published: September 2022

Am 11. Juni starb Günter Domschke, ein Mensch, den weder sein Handicap noch politische Gegebenheiten von einer Karriere in der Chemie abbringen konnten.
Analytical solution for consolidation of sand‐filled nodular pile (SFNP) foundation and its engineering application
Authors: Wu Juntao , Sun Fan , El Naggar M Hesham , Zhao Shuang , Wang Kuihua
Published: September 2022

The sand‐filled nodular pile (SFNP) foundation is newly proposed to improve the bearing capacity and accelerate consolidation settlement of foundations installed in soft clay soil. By filling sand while driving the nodular pile into the soft clay soil, the SFNP foundation provides an extra drainage path with the aid of the nodular segment, while maintaining the high modulus reinforcement body at the core of the composite foundation. The performance of the SFNP foundation is greatly influenced by its consolidation behaviour. This study develops a generalized model for the SFNP foundation, and a closed‐form solution is then established considering the smear and well resistance effects. The developed model and the associated analytical solution are employed to investigate the consolidation rate and load distribution of the SFNP foundation. Finally, the analytical solution is utilized to evaluate the performance of SFNP foundation for an expressway project located in Zhejiang, China. The predicted dissipation of the excess pore water pressure employing the developed analytical solution agreed well with measured response from the field test, which further confirmed the advantages of the SFNP foundation and the reliability of the developed solution.
An error analysis of the finite element method of the Stokes equations with parameter based on the singular function expansion
Authors: Choi Hyung Jun
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we introduce a mixed finite element method of the Stokes system with parameter on a non‐convex polygon. This model problem is considered in the time‐discretization of the unstationary Stokes equations, and it is mentioned in Kweon's study that the velocity field and the pressure function are composed of singular parts and smoother remainders due to the corner singularities of the solution near each re‐entrant corner. We propose a stable numerical scheme to approximate the coefficients in singular part and the regular part of solution, based on the extraction formulae of the coefficients in singular part. Furthermore, to show the reliability of the proposed method, we derive the absolute error estimates of the approximations of coefficients, and the and error estimates of the finite element solution corresponding to the regular part.
An empirical investigation of determinants of corporate social performance using multi‐dimensional panel data analysis
Authors: Patharia Ishani , Gupta Sahil , Rastogi Sanjay
Published: September 2022

An assessment of the determinants of corporate social performance (CSP) in emerging economies is still too fractured. This article contributes to general management literature by developing an empirical model based on the existing theoretical models rooted in neo‐institutional theory (legitimacy approach), stakeholders management theory, agency theory, the resource‐based view of the firm, slack resources argument, and managerial control theory. A robust, multidimensional, unweighted disclosure index was used to measure CSP. This article provides a methodologically and empirically more rigorous assessment of determinants of CSP compared to previous studies by performing panel data regression analysis on 307 firms for 10 years. The results reveal that the presence of a legal framework, board attributes (board size, board diversity, board interlocking), women on board, ownership pattern, financial performance, firm attributes (size, age, leverage), and industry characteristics affect CSP significantly. These findings provide very important clues to design pragmatic strategies to improve CSP.
In the quest of Hückel–Hückel and Hückel–Baird double aromatic tropylium (tri)cation and anion derivatives
Authors: Escayola Sílvia , Proos Vedin Nathalie , Poater Albert , Ottosson Henrik , Solà Miquel
Published: September 2022

Besides the most common form of aromaticity involving a π‐ring, hexaiodobenzene and hexakis(phenylselenyl)benzene dications also present σ‐aromaticity in the outer ring formed by the main group substituents. These two compounds are considered σ‐ and π‐double aromatic, and their characterization is of special interest to the fields of organic and structural chemistry. In this work, we decided to explore the double aromaticity in substituted tropylium cations for three reasons: (i) the seven neutral halogen substituents of the tropylium cations will, without oxidation, lead to 14 σ‐electrons (a 4n + 2 Hückel number); (ii) tropylium cations are highly stable and can be easily generated experimentally; and (iii) whereas in substituted benzenes the distances between substituents in the optimized structures or X‐ray crystals are too large to allow strong σ‐aromaticity, these distances are expected to be shorter in substituted tropylium cations. Yet, instead of the expected σ‐aromaticity, we found that the most stable geometries are highly puckered, meaning that delocalization in both π‐ and σ‐systems is lost. Our results, which include also the tropylium anion and trication in the singlet and triplet state, show that there is a need to open a lone pair hole by oxidation to generate σ‐aromaticity. Among the systems studied, only triplet C7Br7+3 with an internal Hückel aromatic tropylium ring and an external incipient Baird aromatic Br7 ring shows double π‐ and σ‐aromaticity. This result, however, is functional‐dependent and reveals that 3C7Br73+ is at the borderline for onset of double aromaticity.