bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La Empresa Social: realidad de la Economía Social en España
Authors: Pérez-Suárez Macarena , Sánchez-Torné Isadora , Pérez-Troncoso Daniel
Published: October 2021

El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar el actual tejido socio empresarial de España, así como detallar el perfil de la Empresa Social activa. En esta identificación, se planteó una investigación inductiva mediante un análisis cuantitativo a partir de fuentes secundarias, en particular, desde cuatro directorios públicos de Empresas Sociales localizadas en España. A partir de los cuales se elaboró una base de datos (directorio) propia con varias variables comunes (tamaño, sector, año de constitución, región) sobre las características corporativas. Cuando se obtuvieron los datos, se trataron con Stata, en un análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial de una población localizada de 2.587 empresas. Se determinaron varias características definitorias de las actuales Empresas Sociales de España, como la concentración territorial (la mayoría se ubica en tres regiones: Andalucía, Comunidad de Madrid y Cataluña) donde arraiga la Economía Social. Este perfil conectó en la conceptualización nacional de Empresa Social, al contribuir a la literatura dando respuesta a las apelaciones originales de diversas autorías para contrastar empíricamente las deducciones existentes de la organización social con la variedad de experiencias y modelos. Así, este estudio se situó en una línea de investigación emergente de mapeo y tipificación territorial.
High Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio as Predictor of Bad Outcome in Patient with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Sihanto Fani Nanda , Bahrudin Mochamad , . Suharto
Published: October 2021

Background/Aim: Stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Inflammatory markers for poor outcomes in stroke patients have been widely studied, but these examinations are often constrained by limited costs and facilities. Platelet lymphocyte ratio is one of the markers of inflammation that is easily examined, only a few researches were studied on stroke patients, especially ischemic type. This article aimed to understanding high platelet lymphocyte ratio as a risk factor for poor outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients.
Method: The design of this research is literature review by literature from 32 journal and 5 textbooks. Journals obtained from search engines Pubmed, Google Scholar, and NCBI.
Result: Based on the results of the literature review, circulating platelets play an important role in the development and resolution, not only because of their direct effect on the endothelium but also by releasing inflammatory mediators. Acute ischemic stroke will induce lymphocyte apoptosis, which causes impaired immune system. High platelet counts and low lymphocytes contribute to micro-thrombus formation, which increases the risk of stroke and has a poor prognosis in patient.
Conclusion: There is an increase platelet lymphocyte ratio can be an independent predictor of poor outcome in acute ischemic stroke patient
Keywords: acute ischemic, stroke, platelet
lymphocyte ratio, poor outcome
Compreensão, Uso e Cultivo de Plantas em Ambientes Residenciais Urbanos em Alagoas, Brasil
Authors: Da Silva João Manoel , Costa Jakes Halan de Queiroz , Do Nascimento Sheylla Patrícia Gomes , Dos Santos Tania Marta Carvalho , De Albuquerque Cícero Ferreira
Published: October 2021

Desde épocas muito remotas, as plantas fazem parte da vida e cotidiano das pessoas em vários aspectos, desde ao consumo, até a saberes e valores relacionados à religião. Por meio do presente estudo objetivou-se descrever um perfil social de uma parcela da população do estado de Alagoas, Brasil, sobre a compreensão, uso e formas de cultivo de plantas em espaços residenciais urbanos. Para tanto, como procedimentos metodológicos, foi adotada a estratégia de questionários estruturados por meio de plataforma eletrônica do Google forms, onde o questionário foi disseminado por meio de plataformas digitais. Subsequentemente, foi realizada a avaliação dos dados coletados por meio das perguntas (gênero, faixa etária, renda, aspectos inerentes às formas e locais de cultivo, motivações e tipos de plantas cultivadas). Os dados foram avaliados quantitativamente por meio da porcentagem, e os dados qualitativos foram interpretados e discutidos. Assim, percebeu-se que a maioria dos entrevistados pertence ao gênero feminino com faixa etária e renda familiar diversa. Quanto ao nível de escolaridade foi abarcada uma parcela com alto nível de instrução majoritariamente superior e pós-graduação. As regiões mais representadas na pesquisa foram Metropolitana e Serrana dos Quilombos (Zona da Mata), o que não influenciou em regionalismos inerentes às espécies cultivadas, onde foi observada uma vasta diversidade entre cultivo de plantas para fins alimentícios, medicinais e estéticos. Ademais, os entrevistados descrevem o uso de meios alternativos quando necessário no controle de pragas, e tem a internet como um dos principais meios de busca de informações sobre o cultivo de plantas. Assim, o cultivo de plantas em espaços residenciais domésticos está relacionado a fatores como facilidade de acesso, facilidade de manutenção, fatores relacionados à saúde e estética pessoal e residencial, bem como valores místicos e espirituais que possam ser exercidos por elas.
Deposição de serrapilheira e variáveis qualitativas da produção de biomassa anual em diferentes sistemas de vegetação de caatinga e sistema agroflorestal no município de Cocal-PI
Authors: Lima Raíza da Silva , Fontenele John Kenedy da Silva , Silva Vandenberg Lira , Chaves Janailton Martins , Monteiro Jean Herllington Araújo
Published: October 2021

A serrapilheira é fundamental para produção de matéria orgânica, importante para manter a cobertura e umidade do solo, protegendo-o da radiação e erosão causada pelas primeiras chuvas do período chuvoso, promovendo a sustentabilidade da área. Objetivou-se com a pesquisa estimar a produção de biomassa da serrapilheira em sistemas de Caatinga (Nativa – CN; Antropizada – CA; e, Degradada – CD) e Sistemas Agroflorestais (SAF). A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na unidade demonstrativa de SAF, pertencente ao Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí – IFPI Campus Cocal. A produção de serrapilheira foi coletada mensalmente, durante o ano de 2018, utilizando-se um quadrado com área de 0,25 m2. Observou-se que na época seca (julho a dezembro) os sistemas CA (7.041,00 kg ha-1) e SAF (7.658,10 kg ha-1) apresentaram maior deposição de serrapilheira. Já na época chuvosa (janeiro a junho) houve maior produção de serrapilheira na CA (7.483,00 kg ha-1) e CN (5.595,23 kg ha-1). A CN (5.256,27 kg ha-1) e CA (7.176,80 kg ha-1), apresentam a deposição de serrapilheira com maior quantidade do componente biomassa de folha verdes (BFV), na época chuvosa. O sistema CD apresentou apenas BFV (1.181,37 kg ha-1) como componente da serrapilheira durante todo o ano. A BFV foi a que contribuiu com maior percentual na composição da serrapilheira em todos os sistemas avaliados. A CN e SAF apresentaram produção de biomassa elevada o ano inteiro, com importância principalmente para o período seco, sendo a principal fonte de alimento para os animais.
SAĞLIK TURİZMİ AÇISINDAN YETKİ BELGESİNE SAHİP HASTANELERİN WEB SİTELERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: TEKİNGÜNDÜZ Sabahattin , KOCAOĞLU Fatih , İŞLER Aslıhan , İNAN Songül , ANAR Ahmet
Published: October 2021

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, medikal turizmde önemi artan bir destinasyon olarak gösterilen Türkiye’de “Uluslararası Sağlık Turizmi Yetki Belgesi” almaya hak kazanmış olan kuruluşların, web sitelerini ne kadar etkin kullandıklarını incelemektir. Yöntem: Araştırma tarama modeli ile gerçekleştirildi. Araştırma kapsamına giren hastanelerin web siteleri içerik analizine tabi tutuldu. Bulgular: Araştırma kapsamına 151 özel hastane, 36 kamu hastanesi, 22 kamu üniversite hastanesi ve 21 vakıf üniversite hastanesi alındı. Web siteleri üzerinden toplanan veriler mülkiyet türüne göre yüzde ve frekans analizlerine tabi tutulmuş ve yorumlandı. Sonuç: Çalışmada genel olarak sağlık turizmi açısından hazır bulunuşluk düzeyi bakımından en olumlu durumu gösteren hastanelerin özel hastaneler ve vakıf üniversitesi hastaneleri olduğu gözlendi.
Kenyan Mandarin Learners’ Motivations, Beliefs & Strategies
Authors: Oduor Stephen Ondago
Published: October 2021

As one of the six official working languages of the United Nations, Mandarin Chinese plays an important role in international communication. China as the world’s largest developing country with a strong economic performance, Mandarin has increasingly become a popular language in the world. In Africa, Kenya’s exchanges with China have also expanded over the years and bilateral relations have reached the level of a comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership. Therefore, having a good command of Mandarin language and culture is a prerequisite to ensure that Kenyans participate in global competition.This quantitative study involved a 26-item-modified questionnaire aimed at investigating the situation of Mandarin learning in the Kenyan higher education context. The objectives of the current research including analysis of learning motivations, description of learning beliefs and strategies of Mandarin learners, are further discussed. The results indicated that students had six different categories of motivations, held a variety of perceptions and beliefs, and adopted diverse learning strategies. Last but not least, implications and future contributions will be provided.
Prevalence and duration of loss of smell and taste among COVID-19 affected dentists
Authors: Bilal Arshad Muhammad , Rathore Ehsan , Salahuddin Muhammad Behzad , Rathore Asadullah , Toosy Waleed Javaid , Khan Nasrullah
Published: October 2021

Objectives: This study was aimed to look into the prevalence of Sensory loss of Smell and taste among dentists and dental faculty affected with COVID-19 during the current pandemic. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in August, 2021, carrying out detailed evaluation of onset, temporal development and resolution of loss of taste and smell among 207 COVID-19 patients with confirmatory PCR lab reports. Clinical and epidemiological variables of COVID-19 symptoms were studied that included age categories, gender, onset and resolution of loss of taste and smell as compared with other symptoms. This study also included altered taste aspect experienced by the COVID-19 affected dentists. Results: Of 207 previous patients of COVID-19, 168 (81%) reported that they experienced loss of smell and/or loss of taste during the ailment. Of these 168, 151 (89.88%) patients experienced both loss of taste and smell while 17 (10.11%) reported to have been afflicted with isolated loss of smell or isolated loss of taste. Among 114 (67.85%) patients, Onset of loss of smell and taste was reported to be occurring at the same time along with other symptoms. A vast majority of the patients 141 (89.24%) also reported altered taste associated with recovery period of COVID-19. Conclusion: Sensory loss of smell and taste should be regarded as important symptom at the very early stage of COVID-19 and patients should take isolation measures upon appearing of these symptoms. Key Words: Anosmia, Hyposmia, COVID-19, Dysgeusia
Introduciendo el enfoque ‘¿Cómo llega a ser representado el problema?
Authors: Bacchi Carol
Published: October 2021

El enfoque ¿Cómo llega a ser representado el problema? (CRP) es un recurso o herramienta destinado a facilitar la interrogación crítica de las políticas públicas. Parte de la premisa de que lo que uno se propone hacer sobre algo, revela lo que uno piensa que es problemático (y que necesita cambiar). Siguiendo este pensamiento, las políticas y las propuestas de políticas contienen representaciones implícitas de lo que se considera el “problema” (representaciones del problema). Por ejemplo, si se recomiendan formas de capacitación para mejorar la condición de la mujer y sus oportunidades de promoción, podemos deducir que su falta de capacitación es el ‘problema’.

La tarea en el análisis CRP es leer las políticas con miras a discernir cómo se representa el ‘problema’ dentro de ellas y someter esta representación a un análisis crítico. Esta tarea se logra a través de un conjunto de seis preguntas y un compromiso adjunto para aplicar las preguntas a las propias propuestas:
ASSORTMENT DOWNGRADE CORRECTION FOR CLEAR CUT OF Pinus taeda L. WITH USE OF TRANSITION MATRIX
Authors: Stepka Thiago Floriani , Farias Klerysson Julio
Published: October 2021

It is very important that the quantification of a forest's stock is determined efficiently and accurately, in such a way that more detailed information is desirable for the knowledge of the different multiproducts originated. However, the use of taper functions, a precise adjustment method for determining the assortments, does not foresee the appearance of defects in the stem that could disqualify the logs during the forest harvest. This study aimed to use the transition matrix method, a model traditionally used for predict the diametric structure of uneven-aged forests, to correct assortment estimates made by tapering functions, such as failures in tree processing, that provide a disqualification of the logs in the market values. Adapting the concept of the Markov Chain, for the correction of the assortment downgrade, the transition of the assortment classes can be obtained by dividing the actual volume obtained after the operation of the harvesting machine by the volume estimated by the tapering function. In this case, applying this alternative to the clear cut of a 16-year-old Pinus taeda plantation, it was possible to verify the existence of changes, mainly in assortment classes with a thin end diameter of 24 and 18 cm and presenting efficient correction in the estimates. In order to make realistic corrections to the assortment transition, probability matrices must be built for each compartment or forest site to be estimated. Divergences between processing machines or forestry operator’s qualifications can be decisive for the calibration of the model.
GROWTH AND YIELD OF EVEN-AGED Cupressus lusitanica PLANTATIONS IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL
Authors: Dobner Jr. Mário
Published: October 2021

Plantation forestry in southern Brazil demands additional timber species to a higher market differentiation by providing high quality timber and exploitation of market niches. Cupressus lusitanica has long been recognized for this purpose but, until now, it was not properly region-wide quantified in terms of growth and yield. The present study delivers the lacking quantitative approach, which may encourage the commercial use of the species. With this study it was aimed at collecting and processing quantitative data from all known C. lusitanica stands in southern Brazil. Inventories were carried out (60 ha, 6-39 years of age) in order to model the development of dominant height (h100), basal area, volume and dominant diameter (d100). Dominant height was the basis for site quality evaluation, delivering site index curves, which, together with the commercial volume of the stands, allowed yield modelling. A wide amplitude of dominant height growth was detected (10-30 m at 20 years), indicating a great site quality variation. At age of 20 years, commercial volumes of 110 and 620 m³ ha-1 were observed for site indexes of 14 and 26, respectively, equivalent to a maximum of 6-31 m³ ha-1 year-1 at ages between 16-18 years. Results demonstrated in a robust manner that C. lusitanica has a high potential for cultivation in southern Brazil. Thus, offering the opportunity of market differentiation by promoting market niches whose demands timber for special solid end-uses.
WOOD VOLUMETRY OF Tachigali vulgaris PURE PLANTATIONS IN DIFFERENT PLANTING SPACINGS
Authors: Ramos Larissa De Oliveira , Miranda Rodrigo Otávio Veiga de , Soares Alvaro Augusto Vieira , Protásio Thiago De Paula , Gonçalves Delman De Almeida
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to develop volumetric equations for tachi-branco trees (Tachigali vulgaris L. G. Silva & H. C. Lima), by assessing the effect of initial planting spacing in volume estimates, as well as developing an equation to estimate the equivalent diameter (deq). Data are from an experiment located in north Pará. The experiment was conducted with the randomized blocks design, being three blocks with six treatments each. The most used volumetric models were assessed for two distinct situations: considering each trunk as a tree and using the tree deq as independent variables in the volumetric model. The need for individual equations for initial planting spacing was tested. In addition, an equation for deq estimate was proposed. The use of deq provided more precise and accurate volumetric estimates regarding diameter at breast height. Among the models tested, the Schumacher-Hall model was selected. Through the model identity test, the equation  can be used to estimate tree volume of Tachigali vulgaris, regardless of planting spacing. The equivalent diameter can be estimated via equation from minimum and maximum diameters of tree trunks. The maximum percentage differences of volume by hectare obtained with the measurement of all trunks and deq were only 5% without loss in production accuracy per unit of area
SITE INDEX IN EUCALYPTUS STANDS APPLYING ORDINARY KRIGING: AN APPROACH WITH DIFFERENT MODELS AND METHODS OF CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Rocha Pedro Vaz da , Araújo Emanuel José Gomes de , Morais Vinícius Augusto , Monte Marco Antonio , Ataíde Danilo Henrique dos Santos , Silva Laís Cândido
Published: October 2021

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of models and methods to obtain the site index, associated with ordinary kriging, to classify productive capacity in eucalyptus stands. Thus, the site quality was performed considering the traditional modeling in clonal stands (2,119 hectares) located in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. 170 plots of 400m2 were randomly allocated, representing a sampling intensity of 0.32%. The dominant height of trees (Assmann) was measured at 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, and 84 months. The site index (S) was estimated by the guide curve and algebraic difference methods, using the models of Schumacher, Chapman and Richards, and Bailey and Clutter. 136 plots were used in the fit and 34 plots in the predictive validation. The spatial dependence of site index was evaluated by experimental semivariogram and adjustment of exponential, spherical, and gaussian models. After confirming the spatial dependence, ordinary kriging was performed to spatialize the site index. For the predictive validation, the dominant height values at 72 months were used. The algebraic difference method provided excellent estimates of site index, which showed spatial dependence in all adjustments, from moderate to strong. In most cases, the gaussian model was the most accurate. It is concluded that the algebraic difference method was more efficient and the site index showed strong spatial dependence at all ages, regardless of the model used. Thus, regression models for site index estimation can be used in combination with ordinary kriging techniques.
PROPERTIES OF TEAK WOOD INFECTED BY Ceratocystis fimbriata
Authors: Silva Jackeline Eliada Cichoski da , Cruz Ariany Mendes , Pereira Bárbara Luísa Corradi , Oliveira Aylson Costa , Hoffmann Waldelaine Rodrigues
Published: October 2021

In Brazil, the growth of Tectona grandis (teak) plantations is accompanied by an increased incidence of Ceratocystis wilt, a fungal disease that colonizes the vascular system of such tree. The objective of this work was to evaluate the properties of teak wood infected with Ceratocystis fimbriata at different radial positions. Ten 17-year-old trees (five infected and five healthy) were collected. A disk was removed from the base of each tree to determine Janka hardness, basic density, anatomical analysis, colorimetric parameters in the CIEL*a*b* system and sodium hydroxide solubility (NaOH). There were no significant differences for radial position and health for basic density and Janka hardness of the wood, with mean values of 0.488 g.cm3 and 58.66 MPa, respectively. The deposition of dark compounds was observed inside the parenchyma cells and fibers, as well as the formation of tyloses in the sapwood. Yellow pigment was predominant in the color formation of teak wood, which was influenced by radial position, with the sapwood being lighter. Regarding C. fimbriata infection, the color change was more evident in sapwood. Conversely, the NaOH solubility was lower for the sapwood attacked by the fungus. In conclusion, the changes in teak wood infected by C. fimbriata are visual and the anatomical structures do not deteriorate.
MAPPING THE RISK OF FOREST FIRES IN THE RIO PRETO NATIONAL FOREST IN THE ATLANTIC FOREST
Authors: Biazatti Leonardo Duarte , Fiedler Nilton Cesar , Ramalho Antonio Henrique Cordeiro , Moreira Taís Rizzo , Rezende Gabriel Fernando
Published: October 2021

The Atlantic Forest biome is annually exposed to forest fires that damage thousands of hectares of forest, promote the formation of forest fragments, the destruction of biodiversity, soil compaction, runoff and silting of water bodies. Thus, the prediction and suppression of fire outbreaks are important to minimize the damage caused by fire. In this sense, this study aimed to analyze and model the risk of forest fires occurring in the Rio Preto National Forest and its buffer zone using the Fuzzy artificial intelligence technique. To do so, the land use and occupation, proximity to roads, slope and relief orientation variables were used to compose the model. Thus, the influence of each variable on burning episodes was determined with the aid of geographic information systems (GIS), as well as the spatial distribution of each of the risk classes (very low, low, moderate and high). a historical series of fires between the years 2010 and 2020 was used to perform a comparative analysis of the model. The results showed that the study area does not present worrisome risks regarding the occurrence of fires, since it is mostly covered by very low and low risk classes. Thus, it can be concluded that the application of Fuzzy modeling enables evaluating the spatial distribution of fire risk classes for the protected area areas, for which the proposed comparative analysis indicated the model’s effectiveness.
Assimilative capacity of the atmosphere at Lucknow with respect to air pollution
Authors: NANDANKAR P .K.
Published: October 2021

The present study aim at seasonal and diurnal pollution potential at Lucknow, the capital of Uttar Pradesh. To assess the pollution potential, meteorological data for five year period (1982-86) of Lucknow have been analyzed for four season, viz.; Winter (December-February), Summer (March-May), Southwest Monsoon (June-September) and Post Monsoon (October-November). Seasonwise wind roses, stability, stability wind roses have been prepared and season wise diurnal variation of mixing height and ventilation coefficient have also been worked out. It is found that Lucknow has a better diffusion capacity in summer and poor in winter. Afternoon hours are better for vertical mixing. The winds are predominant from west to north direction in all season except in monsoon where it blows from east direction.
Closed Pantalar Dislocation With Checkrein Deformity: A Unique Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Speer Carl G. , Pike Richard H.
Published: October 2021

Closed pantalar dislocations are a rare variant of an uncommon injury. Pantalar dislocations are typically caused by high-energy trauma resulting in an open injury with associated fracture of the articulating bones. Given its obscurity, the literature on closed pantalar dislocations is scarce, and no standard treatment protocol has been accepted. This case report chronicles the treatment and outcome of a 29-year-old man who presented with a checkrein deformity of all digits after a closed pantalar dislocation with 6-month follow-up. A comprehensive literature review found 28 articles representing 39 patients with closed pantalar dislocations without talar neck or body fractures. Roughly equal numbers of closed and open reduction techniques were performed with avascular necrosis occurring in 7 of 36 patients. Although outcome measures and follow-up were variable, what can be considered a suitable outcome was seen in approximately 83% of patients, with only 3 of 35 requiring a secondary operation. Long-term studies with well-defined outcome measures are needed to adequately predict the prognosis of this rare injury and efficacy of treatment protocols.
Aplikasi Pengacak Soal Ujian Berkategori Menggunakan Metode LCM (Linear Congruent Method)
Authors: Sitanggang Yoseph Juli Christopher , Limbong Tonni
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAK
Ujian adalah tes yang bertujuan untuk menentukan kemampuan seorang murid, mahasiswa atau calon pekerja. Biasanya ujian tes bentuknya tertulis, walaupun beberapa mungkin praktek atau komponen praktis, dan sangat bervariasi dalam struktur, isi dan kesulitan tergantung pada subjek, kelompok usia orang yang diuji dan profesi. Namun tidak jarang juga terjadinya kecurangan seperti kebocoran soal yang sering dilakukan oleh panitia. Soal ujian yang disajikan kepada para peserta ujian dan dalam pencapian hasil yang optimal maka perlu menyajikan soal ujian dalam bentuk pengelompokan/kategori seperti : Mudah, Sedang, Sulit dan dalam pelaksanaan ujian akan dilakukan pengacakan dan akan dilakukan cetak secara langsung di dipan para peseta uji untuk menghindari terjadinya kebocoran. Sistem aplikasi yang digunakan untuk mengacak soal-soal ujian tersebut dengan menggunakan metode-metode pengacakan yang tersedia. Linear Congruent Method (LCM) adalah sebuah metode pengacakan yang masih belum sempurna karena masih memunculkan angka yang sama sehingga dibutuhkan metode Resuffle dan Rejection Method.
MODEL ACTIVE LEARNING TIPE ROLE REVERSAL QUESTION TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PPKN
Authors: Hasrul Muftahid  , Rohyati
Published: October 2021

Proses pembelajaran PPKn di sekolah belum sepenuhnya terlibat secara langsung, seperti halnya yang terjadi pada kelas XI Kegiatan pembelajaran masih di dominasi oleh aktivitas guru yaitu dengan pengunaan metode ceramah saat menerangkan materi pelajaran. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya perbaikan dalam pembelajaran PPKn diantaranya penggunaan model pembelajaran active learning tipe role reversal question. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Peningkatkan Hasil Belajar PPKn Menggunakan Model Active Learning tipe role reversal question. Peneltian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan ( Library Research ), Pengumpulan data peneliti menggunakan paper dan journal ilmiah, tesis dan disertasi, skripsi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil analisis data secara klasikal menunjukan peningkatan dari yang terendah 28% sampai dengan yang tertinggi 38,46% dengan rata-rata 31,48%, serta sebelum menggunakan model pembelajaran Active Learning Tipe Role Reversal Question dari yang terendah 53,85% sampai dengan yang tertinggi 69% dengan rata-rata 40,95% dan yang sudah menggunakan model pembelajaran Active Learning Tipe Role Reversal Question dari yang terendah 92,31% sampai dengan yang tertinggi 97% dengan rata-rata peningkatan sebesar 95,43%.
Orbital inflammatory disease in a child caused by a ruptured dermoid cyst misdiagnosed as orbital cellulitis
Authors: BEKIS BOZKURT Hayrunnisa , GOKMEN SOYSAL Hulya
Published: October 2021

One of the most common orbital tumors in childhood is orbital dermoid cysts. Cyst rupture or leakage of the cyst content is one of therare causes of orbital inflammations and needs to be caught early. A five and a half year old boy was referred to us with the diagnosisof orbital cellulitis resistant to antibiotic therapy. Regarding his detailed medical history, physical examination and laboratory testsfindings, he was diagnosed as orbital inflammatory disease caused by dermoid cyst rupture. He underwent surgical excision of thecyst after the inflammation was resolved with a short course of anti-inflammatory treatment. Although, it is rare, dermoid cystrupture is one of the important causes of orbital inflammatory diseases and it must be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis oforbital infections. A detailed history and a careful examination helped us to make the correct diagnosis and avoided diagnostic delayand unnecessary treatment.
THE POWER OF SELF-DECEPTION: PSYCHOLOGICAL REACTION TO THE COVID-19 THREAT
Authors: Kaczmarek Bożydar L. J. , Gaś Zbigniew B.
Published: October 2021

Poland’s inhabitants have often expressed disbelief and negative attitudes toward social isolation, combined with restlessness. This is due to a tendency to discount troubling informa tion while facing the unknown and counter-argue against information that causes discomfort and fear. This tendency helps humans to maintain hope and well-being. The study aimed to determine if Polish citizens tend to downplay or even deny danger when faced with a death threat.

The study comprised 58 adults – 46 females 12 males, aged 21 to 49. The participants were asked to answer 12 questions defining their beliefs and attitudes towards the COVID-19 pandemic threat and its consequences. The subjects gave answers on the 5-point Likert scale, from "definitely not" to "definitely yes".

The findings of the present study show that a considerable number of the participants tend to exhibit an optimistic bias. This is reflected in their direct statements and in the lack of congruence of their opinions. They do feel the threat of becoming ill but also seem to believe it need not affect them personally. They are also relatively optimistic about the outcomes of the pandemic. At the same time, they realize that COVID-19 may lead to severe psychological, neurological, and mental disorders.

The study confirmed a tendency to deny the threat that can pose a severe risk to health and psychological well-being. This is a manifestation of an optimism bias that has its roots in the way the human brain works. The participants did express concerns about the future but at the same time hoped that life after the pandemic would return to normal. It reflects a benevolent facet of self-deception since it makes it possible to cope with highly threatening and impossible to control events.
Examination of lubricity properties of mineral base oil, containing nanoparticles of hexagonal boron nitride, and evaluation of the influence of surfactants on their sedimentation
Authors: Chodkiewicz Arkadiusz , Kałdoński Tadeusz
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of tests on the lubricity properties of SN150 base oil containing
hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) of different granulation. The boron nitride with a particle size below
100 nm and the second one with a particle size below 25 μm were used. The lubricity tests were carried
out on a four-ball apparatus. The methodology of these tests was determined on the basis of the normative
document PN-EN ISO 20623: 2018-02, which contains the following parameters characterising the
lubricity: initial seizure load ISL [N], weld load WL [N], load-wear index LWI [N], mean wear scar
diameter MWSD [mm] obtained in a long duration wear test under a specified load; wear-load curve,
i.e., the dependence of the mean wear scar diameter on the load, was also performed. Tests were also
carried out to check the influence of selected surfactants on the sedimentation process of hexagonal
boron nitride in the SN150 mineral base oil. Based on the conducted research and their analysis, it
was found that hexagonal boron nitride has a positive effect on the lubricating properties of the base
oil; better results were obtained for the boron nano-nitride with a particle size below 100 nm. It was
also found that the problem of sedimentation of the solid particles of hexagonal boron nitride was
solved by the addition of succinimide dispersant.
Keywords: tribology, lubricity, boron nitride, surfactants, sedimentation
Targeted Nano-Drug Delivery System to Colon Cancer
Authors: Moghimipour Eskandar , Handali Somayeh
Published: October 2021

Cancer has been considered as the most cause of death in world. Employing of nanocarriers as drug delivery systems provide a platform for delivering drugs with increasing the anti-cancer efficacy, enhancing bioavailability of drugs, reducing side effects, enhancing the circulation half-life of drugs, improving the distribution of drugs and overcoming drug resistance. A number of nanocarriers have been studied as drug delivery systems for improving the treatment of cancer including liposomes, micelle, polymeric nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) and nanostructure lipid carrier (NLC). In order to enhance recognition and internalization of nanocarriers by the target tissues, their surfaces can be modified with targeting ligands such as integrins, transferrin, folic acid, polysaccharides and antibodies. In this chapter, we are going to introduce the targeted nanocarriers for improving the cytotoxic action of drugs with further attempt of decreasing dose to achieve higher anticancer activity. Targeted nanocarriers would provide a promising therapeutic approach for cancer.
Accuracy and Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Pes Anserinus Bursa Injection
Authors: Hwa Lee Jong , Uk Lee Jae , Wan Yoo Seung
Published: October 2021

The term “pes anserinus tendinobursitis (PATB)” is generally used to describe the inflammatory condition of pes anserinus bursa (PAB). Ultrasound (US) is widely used as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool to improve the assessment and management of joints and soft tissues. We performed the study to prove the accuracy and efficacy of US-guided injections in patients with PATB by comparing blind interventions. Forty-seven patients were randomly assigned to an US-guided and a blind injection group. The patients in the US-guided group were given injections under sonographic visualization. Otherwise, in the blind group, injections were provided in the conventional technique without any sonographic guidance. After the management, the accuracy of the injections was assessed by identifying the injectate location using the US. Treatment efficacy was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) of knee tenderness. The US-guided group showed that the injectates were located at the PAB accurately in all participants, whereas the blind group revealed that the materials were found to be at the bursa side only in 4 out of 22 patients. VAS scores of the US-guided group significantly improved compared to the blind group. In conclusion, US-guided PAB injections are more accurate and efficacious than blind approaches.
Oral health knowledge, attitude and practice among people in monitoring during COVID-19 pandemic in Makassar
Authors: Anwar Ayub , Anzhari Ayu , Yusriyanti Yusu , Zulkifli Abdullah , Ruslin Muhammad
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Oral health maintenance is essential in the immune system against corona virus disease (COVID)-19 infection due to the presence of IgA in saliva. Oral health is affected by knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Aim of study is to investigate the oral health, knowledge, attitudes and practice among people in monitoring (PiM) during the covid 19 pandemic in Makassar. Materials and methods: The population of this study was Makassar citizens who have been identified as people in monitoring (PiM). Online questionnaire was sent via Google form to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practice. Results: In the category level of oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices among 72 PiM in Makassar, 25%, 50%, and 25% respondents were categorized as having poor, moderate and good knowledge, respectively. In the category of oral health attitude variable, 40.3%, 34.7% and 25% respondents were categorized as poor, moderate and good, respectively. In the category of oral health practices, there were 26.4%, 38.9% and 34.7% of respondents with low, moderate and good oral health practices, respectively. Conclusion: Most PiM in had low oral health knowledge, low oral health attitude and medium oral health practices.
Dry extraoral storage and delayed replantation of avulsed tooth: Therapy and outcome
Authors: Tričković-Janjić Olivera , Janjić-Ranković Mila , Stojković Branislava , Igić Marija , Stojanović Simona
Published: October 2021

Introduction: The aim of this study was to present the therapeutic procedure and the outcome of replantation of the avulsed permanent central maxillary incisor, found at the site of high contamination, after an extraoral period of 15 hours and dry transport. Case report: By clinical examination it was determined that the root reached the full length, with parallel edges, which corresponded to the age of the girl-8.5 years. After carefully removing the necrotic periodontal ligament from the root of the tooth, extraoral endodontic treatment was performed. The pulp was removed, the multi-sessional intracanal medicament fillings were avoided and the definitive obturation of the root canal was performed. The tooth was returned to the alveolar socket and immobilized with a wire-composite splint. After replantation, the condition of the tooth was monitored. Replacement resorption and dentoalveolar ankylosis occurred after nine months, and then cervical inflammatory resorption led to tooth loss after three and a half years. Conclusion: The achieved result can be considered as a success because during this time the replanted tooth met the developmental, functional and aesthetic requirements, which is especially important in the period of intensive growth and development of the child.
Digital playground: Friend or foe to the children?
Authors: Krstić Nataša
Published: October 2021

For the central entertainment industry of the 21 st century-online gaming, children are undoubtedly the key consumer group. Although research on the impact of the gaming industry on children mainly deals with adverse effects such as addiction, violent content, inappropriate conduct and monetisation of personal data, there are also many positive effects-family fun, virtual socialising, improving cognitive skills and using games as a teaching tool. Therefore, all participants' task in the gaming industry value chain is to maximise the positive and minimise the negative impacts on children. A survey conducted among 893 young gamers in Serbia exposed their habits in consuming online games and indicated whether their rights are protected during the gameplay. The conclusion provides recommendations for key stakeholders in the gaming industry's ecosystem on making the digital playground inclusive, safe, and responsible for respecting children's rights.
The impact of control variables on entrepreneurial intentions among employed persons
Authors: Mali Predrag , Kuzmanović Bogdan , Nikolić Milan , Tarek-Stojanović Edit
Published: October 2021

The paper presents the results of the study of individual entrepreneurial orientation dimensions, the achievement dimension and the theory of planned behavior dimensions, depending on seven variables: the respondents' gender, their age, the educational level of the respondents, the ownership structure of the enterprises, the respondents' previous experience in entrepreneurship, their perceived job performance, and their perceived finances. The specificity of the research is that the respondents are employed persons. The sample included 540 respondents from 72 organizations in Serbia. Data analysis was performed via a t-test. A statistically significant difference in the influence of the observed variables exists in most cases, except for the variable-the respondents' level of education. Thus, four of the seven hypotheses were fully confirmed, two were partially confirmed, while one hypothesis was rejected. The profile of an employed person who, potentially, has the greatest chances of becoming an entrepreneur is the following: a younger man with a high school diploma (a degree does not have such a significant impact), who is employed in a private company, has previous entrepreneurial experience, is successful at work and has adequate finances.
The contextualization of the provisions of the Law on General Administrative procedure with a specific overview on the concept of an administrative contract
Authors: Dimitrijević Aleksandra
Published: October 2021

Based on the premises that public administration should serve as an open, digitally developed and work-transparent public service, the aim of the paper is to analyze the notion and purpose of an administrative contract as a part of new Law on General Administrative Procedures. Simultaneously developed with the Public Administration Reform as its corner stone, several aspects of the law have been analyzed, just for the purpose of comparing novelties. Having in mind that such a contract represents a novelty here, but not in the European administrative space, it is our goal to determine and conclude whether this agreement provides an essence of citizens' social and economic demands. The concept of establishing this kind of a 'symbiotic' contract finds its purpose in being differentia specifica from any other contracts, thus having government on one side. It still stands as an open issue how such a kind of an agreement will be fully executed, monitored and regulated.
Disorders/differences of sex development: Tertiary centre experience
Authors: Mijatović Snježana , Milenković Tatjana , Sedlecki Katarina , Kojović Vladimir , Ilić Predrag , Martić Jelena , Mitrović Katarina , Todorović Slađana , Marjanović Marko , Tončev Jovana , Panić-Zarić Sanja , Vuković Rade
Published: October 2021

Introduction/aim: Disorders of sex development (DSD) comprise a heterogeneous group of congenital conditions with a difference between chromosomal, gonadal sex and the appearance of the external genitalia. The frequency of DSD is 1: 4,500-5,500 newborns per year. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to the deficiency of the 21-hydroxylase enzyme is one of the most common and best-known causes of DSD. Other forms of CAH, as well as other causes of DSD, occur with significantly lower individual frequencies and are thus more challenging to diagnose and treat. The aim of the study was to analyse the etiology and clinical characteristics of DSD, as well as changes in the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to DSD in the tertiary center during the previous 13 years. Methods: The study was conducted in the form of a retrospective cohort study which included all patients investigated for DSD at the Department of Endocrinology of Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr Vukan Cupic" during the period from December 2007 until November 2020. Children with DSD caused by CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency were not included in this study. Results: The study included a total of 31 children with DSD: 24 children (77%) had 46XY DSD, 3 (10%) had 46XX DSD, and 4 children (13%) had chromosomal DSD. A definitive diagnosis of specific etiology has been made in 25 children (81%), and the most common etiology of DSD was gonadal dysgenesis (55%), followed by the androgen insensitivity syndrome (10%) and atypical forms of CAH (7%). During the period 2 (2016-2020) more children with DSD (n = 18) were examined compared to the period 1 (2007-2015) and the specific etiological diagnosis was established in a larger number of children with DSD (89%) compared to the period 1 (69%). Also, during period 2 (2016-2020) genital surgery was performed in a significantly lesser number of children (11%) and at a later age (average age 6.8 years) than in period 1 (64%, average age 4.8 years; p <0.05). Conclusion: During the latter period (2016-2020), there has been an increase in the number of investigated children as well as the percentage of DSD with established specific etiology. Also, the diagnosis is increasingly being made on the basis of genetic analysis, and genitoplasty is performed in a decreasing number of children and at a later age. A holistic and multidisciplinary approach is required for the evaluation treatment of children with DSD.
Incidence of enterobiasis in Montenegro in the period 2010-2019
Authors: Bojanić Jelena , Grujičić Sandra
Published: October 2021

Introduction / Aim: It is estimated that more than one billion people worldwide suffer from enterobiasis each year. Enterobiasis is the most common helminthiasis in developed countries such as northwestern Europe and North America. The aim of this descriptive study is to analyze the trends in enterobiasis in the Republic of Montenegro for the period from 2010 to 2019. Methods: Data on enterobiasis were taken from the Annual Report on Infectious Diseases in Montenegro, the Institute of Public Health of Montenegro. Data on the number of inhabitants of Montenegro for 2011 were taken from the census, and for other years the estimated number of inhabitants from the publications of the Republic Statistical Office was used. Crude, age-specific and standardized incidence rates were applied in the data analysis. Results: In the period from 2010 to 2019, 1308 people with enterobiasis were reported in Montenegro. The ratio of affected men and women was 1: 1.3. No deaths from this disease have been reported. The highest crude incidence rates for both sexes are in the 0-4 age group and are 172.9/100,000 for men and 175/100,000 for women. The average annual crude incidence rate of enterobiasis for this ten-year period was 21.1/100,000 inhabitants (21.1/100,000 for women and 21.0/100,000 for men), and the standardized (according to the population of Europe) 29.3/100,000 (30.7/100,000 for women and 27.9 / 100,000 for men). The trend of crude incidence rates shows a slight upward trend, but without statistical significance. Conclusion: Hand hygiene is the best measure to prevent enterobiasis. In households where more than one member is infected or symptomatic infections recur, it is recommended that all household members should be treated at the same time, regardless of whether they have symptoms or not. It is necessary to repeat the treatment in two weeks, because antihelmintics act only on adult parasites, and not on eggs / larvae from which new individuals develop.
Delays in Care Associated With Non–English-Speaking Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Balazy Katy E. , Benitez Cecil M. , Gutkin Paulina M. , Jacobson Clare E. , von Eyben Rie , Horst Kathleen C.
Published: October 2021

Background: Breast cancer care requires coordination between multiple diagnostic and treatment modalities. Disparities such as age, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status are associated with delays in care. This study investigates whether primary language is associated with delays in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment before and through radiotherapy (RT). Patients and Methods: This study was an institutional retrospective matched-cohort analysis of women treated with breast RT over 2 years. A total of 65 non–English-speaking (NES) patients were matched with 195 English-speaking (ES) patients according to stage, age, and chemotherapy delivery. Key time intervals along the breast cancer care path from initial findings through RT were recorded. Data were analyzed in a mixed model with matching as the random effect. The impact of race and insurance status was analyzed in addition to language. Results: Significant delays were found for NES patients, which varied by race. NES Latina patients experienced the longest delay, with a mean total care-path time of 13.53 months (from initial findings to end of RT) versus 8.18 months for all ES patients (P<.0001). Specifically, their mean total care-path time was 5.97 months longer than that of ES Latina patients (P=.001) and 5.80 months longer than that of ES White patients (P<.0001). In addition, NES Latina patients had a significantly longer total care-path time than NES patients of other races/ethnicities (P=.001). Delays were specifically seen between initial clinical or radiographic findings and diagnostic mammogram (P=.001) and between biopsy and resection (P=.044). Beyond language, race/ethnicity was itself associated with delays between resection and start of RT (P=.032) and between start and end of RT (P=.022). Conclusions: Language is associated with pre-RT delays in breast cancer care, especially for NES Latina patients. Delays are most pronounced before diagnostic mammograms, but they also exist before resection and RT. Future work should target NES patients to assist their progress along the care path.