bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Augmented Reality Based Training Module for IC Engine Assembly and Disassembly
Authors: Sundaram Sankara Narayanan Shunmuga , Gurusamy Muralimohan
Published: October 2023

Augmented reality (AR) technology has revolutionized various industries, including education and training. This paper proposes an AR-based training module for IC engine assembly and disassembly, which is aimed at providing an interactive and immersive learning experience to trainees. The module was developed using Solidworks for modeling, Blender for animation, and Unity for game development. Its primary objective is to help trainees improve their understanding and retention of complex procedures, thereby enhancing their technical skills, multi-step tasks, and product knowledge. Our approach intends to eliminate traditional paper-based instructions and replace them with AR-based ones, increasing maintenance efficiency and bridging the knowledge gap between OEMs and internal maintenance operators. The training module was designed for technicians and students who are learning how to assemble and disassemble engines. To make it more accessible and versatile, it was integrated with various devices, such as smartphones or tablets. This allows trainees to access the module from anywhere, at any time, and on any device, thus enabling remote learning. The module can be implemented in various settings, such as training centres, manufacturing facilities, or even through online platforms. Overall, this project represents a significant step forward in AR-based training modules for technical education. The module’s accessibility and versatility make it suitable for various settings, and its structured development process ensures that it is effective and reliable. The use of AR technology in education and training is an exciting field with tremendous potential, and this project demonstrates one of the many ways it can be applied to improve learning outcomes.
Estimation of Solar PV Plant output using Polynomial Regression and ANN Algorithm
Authors: Kulkarni Rohan , Kakade Suhas , Mawande Shamli , Sadakale Ranjit
Published: October 2023

The paper proposes the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Polynomial Regression (PR) algorithms for estimating the output of a Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Plant. The study compares the performance of these two methods, using a dataset of weather parameters and PV Plant output. The results show that both the methods can effectively estimate the PV Plant output, with the ANN model having a slightly higher accuracy than the polynomial regression model as ANNs can learn the nonlinear relationship between input stochastic parameters and output in a better manner. The study highlights the potential of machine learning techniques for optimizing the performance of solar PV plants and improving their efficiency.
Determination of optimum process parameters for minimum punch force in deep drawing using numerical simulation
Authors: Sisil Amose A , Elsie Femina K , Sivarajan S
Published: October 2023

This article represents the most common sheet formation method, deep drawing. This technology is employed in the production of the automotive and aerospace industries. There are various aspects that have an impact on the deep drawing process; these factors are known as the deep drawing process parameters. Finite element analysis and Taguchi Techniques are coupled to find out the optimum deep drawing parameters. Six process parameters such as die corner radius, punch corner radius, punch speed, friction between blank and die, friction between blank and blank holder and friction between blank and punch are used for analysis. Punch force is considered as response variable. The Taguchi method is employed to determine the optimal process parameters for the deep drawing process. Based on SN ratio analysis, optimum deep drawing parameters for punch force were found to be die corner radius of 7mm, punch corner radius of 7mm, punch speed of 0.2mm/s, friction between blank and die of 0.08, friction between blank and blank holder of 0.08 and friction between blank and punch of 0.10. From ANOVO, it was found that die corner radius was the most significant process parameter influencing minimum punch force.
Enhanced antimicrobial properties and bioactivity of 3D-printed titanium scaffolds by multilayer bioceramic coating for large bone defects
Authors: Milivojevic Marija , Chen Ke , Radovanovic Zeljko , Petrovic Rada , Dimitrijevic-Brankovic Suzana , Kojic Vesna , Markovic Danica , Janackovic Djordje
Published: October 2023

The restoration of large bone defects caused by trauma, tumor resection, or infection is a major clinical problem in orthopedics and dentistry because postoperative infections, corrosion, and limited osteointegration of metal implants can lead to loosening of the implant. The aim of this study was to improve the surface properties of a 3D-printed (electron beam melting) Ti6Al4V-based macroporous scaffold by multilayer coating with bioactive silicate glasses (BAGs) and hydroxyapatite doped with a silver (AgHAP) or AgHAP additionally sonochemically modified with ZnO (ZnO-AgHAP). The coated scaffolds AgHAP_BAGs_Ti and ZnO-AgHAP_BAGs_Ti enhanced cytocompatibility in L929 and MRC5 cell lines and expressed bioactivity in simulated body fluid. A lower release of vanadium ions in coated samples compared to bare Ti scaffold indicates decreased dissolution of Ti alloy in coated samples. The coated samples reduced growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus for 4–6 orders of magnitude. Therefore, the 3D-printed Ti-based scaffolds coated with BAGs and (ZnO-)AgHAP have great potential for application as a multifunctional implant with antibacterial properties for the restoration of defects in load-bearing bones.
Advantages of agarose on alginate for the preparation of polysaccharide/hydroxyapatite porous bone scaffolds compatible with a proline-rich antimicrobial peptide
Authors: Mardirossian Mario , Gruppuso Martina , Guagnini Benedetta , Mihalić Franka , Turco Gianluca , Porrelli Davide
Published: October 2023

The optimized proline-rich antimicrobial peptide B7-005 was loaded on bone scaffolds based on polysaccharides and hydroxyapatite. Alginate was firstly chosen in order to exploit its negative charges, which allowed an efficient B7-005 loading but hindered its release, due to the strong interactions with the positive charged peptide. Hence, alginate was substituted with agarose which allowed to prepare scaffolds with similar structure, porosity, and mechanical performance than the ones prepared with alginate and hydroxyapatite. Moreover, agarose scaffolds could release B7-005 within the first 24 h of immersion in aqueous environment. The peptide did not impaired MG-63 cell adhesion and proliferation in the scaffold, and a positive cell proliferation trend was observed up to two weeks. The released B7-005 was effective against the pathogens E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and A. baumannii, but not against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, thus requiring further tuning of the system to improve its antimicrobial activity.
Understanding uncertainties in projections of western North Pacific tropical cyclogenesis
Authors: Huang Xin , Zhou Tianjun , Chan Johnny C L , Zhan Ruifen , Chen Ziming , Zhao Jiuwei
Published: October 2023

Reliable projections of tropical cyclone (TC) activities in the western North Pacific (WNP) are crucial for climate policy-making in densely-populated coastal Asia. Existing projections, however, exhibit considerable uncertainties with unclear sources. Here, based on future projections by the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 climate models, we identify a new and prevailing source of uncertainty arising from different TC identification schemes. Notable differences in projections of detected TCs and empirical genesis potential indices are found to be caused by inconsistent changes in dynamic and thermodynamic environmental factors affecting TC formations. While model uncertainty holds the secondary importance, we show large potential in reducing it through improved model simulations of present-day TC characteristics. Internal variability noticeably impacts near-term projections of the WNP tropical cyclogenesis, while the relative contribution of scenario uncertainty remains small. Our findings provide valuable insights into model development and TC projections, thereby aiding in adaptation decisions.
Record-breaking persistence of the 2022/23 marine heatwave in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Marullo Salvatore , Serva Federico , Iacono Roberto , Napolitano Ernesto , di Sarra Alcide , Meloni Daniela , Monteleone Francesco , Sferlazzo Damiano , De Silvestri Lorenzo , de Toma Vincenzo , Pisano Andrea , Bellacicco Marco , Landolfi Angela , Organelli Emanuele , Yang Chunxue , Santoleri Rosalia
Published: October 2023

Since May 2022, the Mediterranean Sea has been experiencing an exceptionally long marine heatwave event. Warm anomalies, mainly occurring in the Western basin, have persisted until boreal spring 2023, making this event the longest Mediterranean marine heat wave of the last four decades. In this work, the 2022/2023 anomaly is characterized, using in-situ and satellite measurements, together with state of the art reanalysis products. The role of atmospheric forcing is also investigated; the onset and growth of sea surface temperature anomalies is found to be related to the prevalence of anticyclonic conditions in the atmosphere, which have also caused severe droughts in the Mediterranean region over the same period. Analysis of in-situ observations from the Lampedusa station and of ocean reanalyzes reveals that wind-driven vertical mixing led to the penetration of the warm anomalies below the sea surface, where they have persisted for several months, particularly in the central part of the basin. The evolution of the 2022/23 event is compared with the severe 2003 event, to put recent conditions in the context of climate change.
Arctic curves of the four-vertex model
Authors: Burenev I N , Colomo F , Maroncelli A , Pronko A G
Published: October 2023

We consider the four-vertex model with a special choice of fixed boundary conditions giving rise to limit shape phenomena. More generally, the considered boundary conditions relate vertex models to scalar products of off-shell Bethe states, boxed plane partitions, and fishnet diagrams in quantum field theory. In the scaling limit, the model exhibits the emergence of an arctic curve separating a central disordered region from six frozen ‘corners’ of ferroelectric or anti-ferroelectric type. We determine the analytic expression of the interface by means of the Tangent Method. We supplement this heuristic method with an alternative, rigorous derivation of the arctic curve. This is based on the exact evaluation of suitable correlation functions, devised to detect spatial transition from order to disorder, in terms of the partition function of some discrete log-gas associated to the orthogonalizing measure of the Hahn polynomials. As a by-product, we also deduce that the arctic curve’s fluctuations are governed by the Tracy–Widom distribution.
Inflammatory markers in exhaled breath condensate in nonasthmatic children with food allergy
Authors: Yilmaz Ozge , Tunca Seda , Yasar Adem , Ocalan Merve , Taneli Fatma , Yuksel Hasan
Published: October 2023

Allergy is a systemic inflammation; therefore, although the allergic symptom may be seen in a specific organ system, the effects of this inflammation may be seen in other organs. interleukin (IL) IL4, IL5 and IL13 are the major Th2 cytokines and e-cadherin is an epithelial barrier protein. The objective of this research was to assess indicators of inflammation specific to Th2 responses and proteins related to the protective barrier of the airway’s inner lining. These assessments were conducted using exhaled breath condensate (EBC), which provides insights into peripheral airway conditions of children suffering from food allergies. The study had 24 patients with food allergy and 24 control individuals younger than three years of age with no history of food reaction. The diagnosis of food allergy was based on food allergen-specific IgE and skin prick test positivity in our clinic and oral food testing in selected cases. EBC samples were obtained by Ecoscreen (Jaegar, Hoechberg, Germany). IL4, IL5, IL13 and E-cadherin levels were measured in these samples by enzyme linked immunoassay. The group of children with food allergies, consisting mainly of 14 girls, had a median age of 16 months, whereas the control group, which included 11 girls, had a median age of 15 months (p = 0.89). Comparing the two groups, children with food allergies exhibited notably lower levels of IL-13 in the EBC compared to the control group (median values of 59.14 and 76.36, respectively, p = 0.02). Conversely, the concentration of IL-4 in the EBC was significantly higher in children with food allergies (median values of 1.94 and 1.29, respectively, p = 0.003). However, the levels of IL-5 and e-cadherin showed no significant differences between the two groups (with p-values of 0.74 and 0.09, respectively) as shown in table 1. High level of IL-4 despite the low level of IL-13 in the EBC of children having food allergy may be indicative of an early inflammatory phase that is not yet in the effector phase. Studies about the evolution of this process later in life are needed to assess the role of airway inflammation in children with food allergy who develop asthma.
Assessment of the mild steel corrosion inhibition competence of Garcinia gummi-gutta leaf extract: Evaluation by XPS, thermodynamic, and kinetic parameters
Authors: Shamnamol G K , John Sam , Jacob Jaya Mary
Published: October 2023

Owing to the high economic and environmental concerns, nowadays scientists have taken much attention to mitigate corrosion. The effectiveness of Garcinia gummi-gutta leaf extract (GGLE) at inhibiting corrosion on mild steel in 1 M HCl was examined in the current study using a weight loss strategy. The GGLE concentration was changed from 100 to 6000 ppm, and the results show that expanding the inhibitor concentration increased the efficacy of corrosion inhibition. At 6000 ppm concentration and 30°C, the maximum inhibitory efficiency was 82.2%; this efficiency decreases as temperature increases. The mechanism of sorption was deliberated by means of different adsorption isotherm and Langmuir adsorption isotherm model holds good for elucidating the adsorption mechanism. The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters were estimated to depict the corrosion process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was also used to confirm the development of a coating of inhibitor fragments that protect the metal surface.
Effect of Dolomite and Metakaolin on the Properties of High-Performance Concrete
Authors: Saji Sonu , Unnikrishnan S
Published: October 2023

Cement is one of the extensively used civil engineering material in the construction industry due to its strength characteristics. The use of cement-based materials and the development of infrastructure are rapidly increasing. The production of cement in large quantity leads to environmental degradation and emission of CO2. For making the construction process in more sustainable way, the pursuit for new binders has started and stimulated innovative opportunities to use industrial by product as binders. This paper studies the effect of dolomite and metakaolin on the properties of high-performance concrete. For the study, M70 grade of concrete taken and optimum percentage of metakaolin found out by replacing cement by metakaolin in varying percentages of 10%, 20% and 30%. Effect of metakaolin and dolomite in high performance concrete is found out by replacing cement by dolomite in varying percentages of 5%, 7.5%, 10% and 12.5% and obtained optimum percentage of metakaolin. Properties such as fresh, mechanical, and loading behavior of RCC beam were found out. To study the cost effectiveness of using metakaolin and dolomite in high performance concrete, cost analysis was carried out. The test results reveals that the compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength for a curing period of 28 days shows an increase of 4.99%,15.78% and 5.89% respectively. Flexural behavior of RCC beam with optimum percentage shows an increase of 23.8 % compared to the control beam. Cost of saving of cement by using metakaolin and dolomite is about 10% and it can be used as an alternative of cement economically.
Numerical Investigation on Impact of Wind Loading on High Rise Structure Using Ansys
Authors: Lal Aparna B , Anil Adwaith J , Sivasankar S
Published: October 2023

In modern architecture, irregular geometries have become increasingly popular. However, when designing tall buildings, it is crucial to consider the impact of wind loads, which can cause dangerous torsion if the plan geometry is irregular. To properly assess wind loads, it is necessary to analyse them during the design process. One way to mitigate wind loads is through aerodynamic modifications. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of different aerodynamic modifications on various shaped models using computational fluid dynamics simulation software called ANSYS. The modifications include chamfered and recessed corners, as well as Y-shaped and tapering forms. The study examines coefficients of drag and lift, as well as the dynamic behaviour of the models. Material changes are also evaluated. The findings highlight the importance of considering wind loading in the design and analysis of high-rise structures. Ultimately, this research can help improve the safety and design of high-rise buildings located in areas prone to high wind speeds.
The Changes in the Physico-chemical parameters of a waterbody-A Case Study of Brari Nambal Lagoon, Kashmir Valley
Authors: Bhat Fahad Shahriyar , Vaid Upma
Published: October 2023

The experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the water quality of the Brari Nambal lagoon located in Srinagar city of Kashmir valley. To undertake this study, analysis of physicochemical parameters was carried out at three sampling sites during the winter season of 2022. These results were compared with the data of 2010, 2013, 2016, and 2019 for the same season to determine the changes that have occurred within this time frame. Comparative analysis of data revealed that TP, –PO4
-3, NH4-N, NO-
3N and TDS levels have been increased from 2010 to 2022. Further, the data related to physicochemical parameters was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation method. Water quality of the lagoon was also examined based on the water quality index. Based on current experimental analysis, it is evident that this lagoon is being impacted by increased human activities in its surrounding area, leading to increased urban intensification. This, in turn, affects the overall hydrochemistry of the lagoon. The flexibility to address these issues within the lagoon’s ecosystem can be maintained until external management strategies are implemented to strengthen its natural balance. Implementing specific remedial measures is crucial for the effective management of the lake and the preservation of its natural quality, provided they are executed correctly.
Analyzing the Effect of Air Pollutants on Particulate Matter Concentrations of the Tropical coastal city of Thiruvananthapuram, India by Wavelet Coherence
Authors: Aiswarya R , Resmi A R , Rahsha C T , Dharman Sona , Adarsh S , Mamatha M
Published: October 2023

The main environmental risk factor that need regular monitoring and analysis for efficient air quality management is particulate matter (PM). This paper analyzes the effect of gaseous air pollutants (SO2, CO, Ozone, NOx) on PM concentration in the coastal city of Thiruvananthapuram, India using Wavelet coherence (WTC). The study was conducted using the data from Plammoodu station of the city for the period of 2018 to 2021. The teleconnections of air pollutants with PMs are analysed using WTC for the data of different time spells of 2018-2021, 2018 and 2020. Results showed that among the air pollutants, Ozone (AWC of 0.4713 & PoSC of 23.0234 for PM10, AWC of 0.4814 & PoSC of 26.2261 for PM2.5) have most dominant influence on irrespective of the particulate matter type and time spells. The secondary influencing factors were found to be different with respect to the time spells chosen, indicating the dynamics of local variables on PM concentrations of the city.
Green synthesis of ZnONps using Horse gram seed aqueous extract and its in vitro evaluation on antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer and DNA binding potential
Authors: Sudha S , Mary Saral A
Published: October 2023

The goal of this study was to access the green production of zinc oxide nanoparticles (G-ZnO NPs) using aqueous extract of horse gram seeds (Macrotyloma Uniflorum). The precursor to the extract ratio (2.5:1) and pH value (8.5), along with the zinc nitrate concentration (0.5 M), had an impact on the particle size and the green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles. UV Spectroscopy inspection revealed formation of G-ZnO NPs with absorption at 320 nm which is the characteristic absorption of G-ZnO NPs. FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX and TEM were used to characterize the green synthesized ZnO NPs. The findings demonstrated that the presence of secondary metabolites in the seed extractstabilize and contribute in the production of G-ZnO NPs. A dose-dependent increase in antibacterial activity was seen in evaluation of these NPs against Klebsiella, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antioxidant activity and antidiabetic activity for G-ZnO NPs was also noted to be concentration dependent. The synthesized nanoparticles are found to interact with CT-DNA to produce a hypochromic shift. Further the studies on the G-ZnONPs in MCF-7 cells using the MTT test demonstrated greater cellular inhibition. The results validate that the green synthesized ZnO-NPs from horse gram seed possess good biological activities and can be an excellent biologically derived potential material which could be used in the drug discovery from natural products.
Effects of sputtering pressure and annealing temperature on the characteristics of indium selenide thin films
Authors: Zhu Xinfeng , Liu Xuechao , Zheng Quan , Wang Hao , Zhang Minghui , Pan Xiuhong , Tang Meibo , Jin Min
Published: October 2023

Indium selenide is a significant two-dimensional lamellar semiconductor with excellent physical properties whose enormous potential utilization in optoelectronic devices has been practically hindered by the lack of suitable thin film deposition techniques. Herein, γ-In2Se3 thin films were successfully fabricated from an InSe-target via magnetron sputtering combined with subsequent annealing process. The effects of sputtering pressure and annealing temperature on the characteristics of as-deposited thin films were investigated. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns reveal that the pristine thin films are amorphous in nature, whereas transform into polycrystalline and are identified as γ-In2Se3 phase after annealing treatment. The growth mechanism of as-deposited layers combines a two-dimensional lateral growth and a three-dimensional island growth. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images indicate that all the samples show uniform and compact structures with no evident holes and crevices. The UV–vis-NIR spectrophotometer was employed to measure the optical transmittance and band gap of the synthesized thin films. The results show an obvious decrease in the band gap from 2.56 eV to 1.88 eV with annealing temperature increased from 400 °C to 600 °C, respectively. In addition, the difficult reasons for preparing monophase InSe thin films by magnetron sputtering method were discussed. These intriguing findings in this study may shed light on the growth of indium selenide thin films with well-crystallized and high quality.
Larger corpus callosum volume is favorable for theory of mind development in healthy children
Authors: Mandl Sophie , Kienast Patric , Kollndorfer Kathrin , Kasprian Gregor , Weber Michael , Seidl Rainer , Bartha-Doering Lisa
Published: October 2023

While previous research has demonstrated a link between the corpus callosum (CC) and theory of mind (ToM) abilities in individuals with corpus callosum agenesis (ACC), the relationship between CC volume and ToM remains unclear in healthy children. The present study examined whether CC volume influences children’s performance on ToM tasks that assess their understanding of pretense, emotion recognition, and false beliefs. Forty children aged 6–12 years underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a cognitive test battery. We found that larger mid-anterior and central subsections of the CC significantly correlated with better ToM abilities. We could also demonstrate age- and sex-related effects, as the CC–ToM relationship differed between younger (6–8 years) and older (9–12 years) children, and between female and male participants. Importantly, the older children drove the association between the CC mid-anterior and central subsection volumes and ToM abilities. This study is the first to demonstrate that CC size is associated with ToM abilities in healthy children, underlining the idea that the CC plays a vital role in their socio-cognitive development. CC subsection volumes may thus not only serve as a measure of heterogeneity in neurodevelopmental populations known to exhibit socio-cognitive deficits, but also in typically developing children.
Can infrastructure help ‘left behind’ places ‘catch up?’ Theorizing the role of built infrastructure in regional development
Authors: Gansauer Grete , Haggerty Julia H , Smith Kristin K , Haggerty Mark N , Roemer Kelli F
Published: October 2023

The application of infrastructure as a regional development tool in resource peripheries has received little direct inquiry in both policy and scholarly debates. This article synthesizes theoretical and empirical directions across economic geography, regional studies and critical infrastructure studies to form a research agenda for investigating the role of built infrastructure in the development of ‘left behind’ peripheral regions in the USA. We argue that infrastructural systems’ material, social, fiscal and political dimensions potentially deepen rather than mitigate structural ‘left behind-ness’. Future research and policy design must account for such dynamics if infrastructure interventions are to prove generative for regional development.
Experimental evidence that network topology can accelerate the spread of beneficial mutations
Authors: Chakraborty Partha Pratim , Nemzer Louis R , Kassen Rees
Published: October 2023

Whether and how the spatial arrangement of a population influences adaptive evolution has puzzled evolutionary biologists. Theoretical models make conflicting predictions about the probability that a beneficial mutation will become fixed in a population for certain topologies like stars, in which “leaf” populations are connected through a central “hub.” To date, these predictions have not been evaluated under realistic experimental conditions. Here, we test the prediction that topology can change the dynamics of fixation both in vitro and in silico by tracking the frequency of a beneficial mutant under positive selection as it spreads through networks of different topologies. Our results provide empirical support that meta-population topology can increase the likelihood that a beneficial mutation spreads, broaden the conditions under which this phenomenon is thought to occur, and points the way toward using network topology to amplify the effects of weakly favored mutations under directed evolution in industrial applications.
Predicted pro-inflammatory hs-CRP score and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Okekunle Akinkunmi Paul , Youn Jiyoung , Song Sihan , Chung Goh Eun , Yang Sun Young , Kim Young Sun , Lee Jung Eun
Published: October 2023

Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major contributor to liver diseases globally, yet there are limited studies investigating the impact of diet and lifestyle factors on its development. This study aimed to examine the association between the prevalence of NAFLD and predicted pro-inflammatory high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) score.

Methods

We included 1,076 Korean adults who underwent a medical examination at the Seoul National University Hospital Gangnam Healthcare Center in Korea between May and December 2011 and updated in 2021. The predicted pro-inflammatory hs-CRP score was derived from pro-inflammatory demographic, lifestyle, dietary, and anthropometric factors, and NAFLD was diagnosed using liver ultrasound. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of NAFLD odds according to predicted pro-inflammatory hs-CRP score were estimated using logistic regression at a two-sided P < 0.05.

Results

Among the 1,076 participants, 320 had NAFLD. The multivariable-adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for NAFLD by tertiles of predicted pro-inflammatory hs-CRP score were 1.00, 3.30 (2.06, 5.30), 18.25 (10.47, 31.81; P < 0.0001) in men and women combined, 1.00, 1.77 (1.10, 2.84), and 3.26 (2.02, 5.28; P < 0.0001) among men only, and 1.00, 3.03 (1.39, 6.62), and 16.71 (7.05, 39.63; P < 0.0001) among women only.

Conclusions

Predicted pro-inflammatory hs-CRP score was associated with higher odds of NAFLD. Adopting dietary and lifestyle changes related to lower inflammation might be a valuable strategy for preventing NAFLD.
Novel insight into the etiology of ischemic stroke gained by integrative multiome-wide association study
Authors: Jung Junghyun , Lu Zeyun , de Smith Adam , Mancuso Nicholas
Published: October 2023

Stroke, characterized by sudden neurological deficits, is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified many genomic regions associated with ischemic stroke (IS), the genes underlying risk and their regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we integrate a large-scale GWAS (N = 1 296 908) for IS together with molecular QTLs data, including mRNA, splicing, enhancer RNA (eRNA), and protein expression data from up to 50 tissues (total N = 11 588). We identify 136 genes/eRNA/proteins associated with IS risk across 60 independent genomic regions and find IS risk is most enriched for eQTLs in arterial and brain-related tissues. Focusing on IS-relevant tissues, we prioritize 9 genes/proteins using probabilistic fine-mapping TWAS analyses. In addition, we discover that blood cell traits, particularly reticulocyte cells, have shared genetic contributions with IS using TWAS-based pheWAS and genetic correlation analysis. Lastly, we integrate our findings with a large-scale pharmacological database and identify a secondary bile acid, deoxycholic acid, as a potential therapeutic component. Our work highlights IS risk genes/splicing-sites/enhancer activity/proteins with their phenotypic consequences using relevant tissues as well as identify potential therapeutic candidates for IS.
Civil War Mediation and the Conflict Environment: Does Regional Instability Influence the Onset of Mediation?
Authors: Reid Lindsay , Kadera Kelly M , Crescenzi Mark J C
Published: October 2023

Hostile regional environments can spur civil war at home. Do they also affect mediation in a state’s ongoing civil war? We hypothesize they do, but in ways that produce competing effects: Third parties hesitate to offer mediation in a conflictual environment, but hostile environments also make disputants more amenable to mediation. We test these diverging expectations using a measure of conflict environments that aggregates spatially and temporally proximate civil war in a state’s neighborhood. Our empirical analyses reveal that third parties are significantly less likely to offer mediation as exogenous factors mount, a finding that holds even for third parties who have historic or security linkages to the civil war state. However, we find limited evidence that disputants’ decisions to accept mediation are driven by regional security concerns. Instead, local conflict conditions present more pressing concerns that drive disputants to accept offers to mediate. Taken together, the findings suggest potential mediators should pay attention to both a civil war state’s regional environment and local conditions, lest they underestimate disputants’ willingness to come to the table. Our work newly underscores the costs and risks associated with conflict hot spots and the risk for certain conflicts to be bypassed by peace brokers.
The possibility of spreading herpes simplex virus type 1 via food handling and sharing
Authors: Pageau Gabrielle , Levasseur Marianne , Paniconi Teresa , Jubinville Eric , Goulet-Beaulieu Valérie , Boivin Guy , Jean Julie
Published: October 2023

Aims

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is an enveloped virus that causes recurrent and incurable diseases in 67% of the world population. Although it is not listed as a foodborne virus, some studies have shown that it can be recovered from surfaces as well as food.

Methods and results

We investigated its persistence at −20°C, 4°C, 20°C, or 37°C for up to 7 days on stainless steel, aluminum, glass, polypropylene, cheddar cheese, sliced almond, and apple skin and in cola soft drink, orange juice, coffee, and milk, as well as its transferability from stainless steel to dry or moistened nitrile or latex gloves over time at typical ambient temperatures. Based on the plaque assay on Vero cells, HSV-1 persisted at least 24 h on all surfaces and at least 1 h on food matrices but was inactivated quickly in cola soft drink. Temperature and pH affected HSV-1 infectivity. Transfer of HSV-1 at a contact pressure of 1 kg cm2-1 for 10 s occurred only on latex, especially moistened.

Conclusions

Our data on the persistence of HSV-1 on food-related surfaces suggest that some risk may be associated with sharing foods with infected carriers.
Hydrocinnamic acid and perillyl alcohol are effective against Escherichia coli biofilms when used alone and combined with antibiotics
Authors: Sousa Mariana , Afonso Ana Cristina , Saavedra Maria José , Simões Lúcia Chaves , Simões Manuel
Published: October 2023

Aims

The use of phytochemicals to improve the effectiveness of antibiotics is a promising strategy for the development of novel antimicrobials. In this study, the antibiofilm activity of perillyl alcohol and hydrocinnamic acid, both phytochemicals present in several plants, and two antibiotics from different classes (amoxicillin and chloramphenicol) was tested, alone and in combination, against Escherichia coli.

Methods and results

Each molecule was tested at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), 5 × MIC, and 10 × MIC, and characterized concerning biomass removal, metabolic inactivation, and cellular culturability. The highest percentages of metabolic inactivation (88.5% for 10 × MIC) and biomass reduction (61.7% for 10 × MIC) were obtained with amoxicillin. Interestingly, for 5 × MIC and 10 × MIC, phytochemicals provided a total reduction of colony-forming units (CFUs). Dual and triple combinations of phytochemicals and antibiotics (at MIC and 5 × MIC) demonstrated high efficacy in metabolic inactivation, moderate efficacy in terms of biomass reduction, and total reduction of cellular culturability for 5 × MIC.

Conclusions

The results demonstrated the antibiofilm potential of phytochemicals, highlighting the advantage of phytochemical/antibiotic combinations for biofilm control.
The decentralization of public employment services and local governments’ responses to incentives
Authors: Nieminen Jeremias , Kanninen Ohto , Karhunen Hannu
Published: October 2023

We examine how the decentralization of public employment services (PES) affects the behavior and service provision of PES offices and the labor market outcomes of job seekers. We use difference-in-differences, utilizing a Finnish temporary reform during which PES were decentralized for specific groups of job seekers in treated municipalities and remained centralized for others. The reform presented the treated municipalities with the possibility of shifting costs to the central government. We find no evidence of better labor market outcomes and find evidence consistent with municipalities being able to shift 10% of their unemployment benefit costs to the central government.
Biomarkers of immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Shirasawa Masayuki , Yoshida Tatsuya , Ohe Yuichiro
Published: October 2023

Immunotherapy is revolutionizing the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer by targeting immune checkpoint proteins, including programmed death-1, programmed death ligand 1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4. Several immune checkpoint inhibitors, including programmed death ligand 1 inhibitors, programmed death-1 inhibitors and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 inhibitors, were approved for the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Programmed death ligand 1 expression is currently the only predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitors to guide the treatment strategy in these patients. However, programmed death ligand 1 expression is not a perfect biomarker for predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy. Therefore, various biomarkers such as tumour mutation burden, tumour microenvironment, gut microbiome and T-cell receptor repertoire have been proposed to predict the efficacy of immunotherapy more accurately. Additionally, combining different biomarkers may provide a more accurate prediction of response to immunotherapy. This article reports the review of the latest evidence of the predictive marker of immunotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
G-CSF reshapes the cytosolic PCNA scaffold and modulates glycolysis in neutrophils
Authors: Aymonnier Karen , Bosetta Enzo , Leborgne Nathan G F , Ullmer Audrey , Le Gall Morgane , De Chiara Alessia , Salnot Virginie , Many Souganya , Scapini Patrizia , Wicks Ian , Chatfield Simon , Martin Katherine R , Witko-Sarsat Véronique
Published: October 2023

Cytosolic proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is involved in neutrophil survival and function, in which it acts as a scaffold and associates with proteins involved in apoptosis, NADPH oxidase activation, cytoskeletal dynamics, and metabolism. While the PCNA interactome has been characterized in neutrophils under homeostatic conditions, less is known about neutrophil PCNA in pathophysiological contexts. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a cytokine produced in response to inflammatory stimuli that regulates many aspects of neutrophil biology. Here, we used isolated normal-density neutrophils from G-CSF–treated haemopoietic stem cell donors (GDs) as a model to understand the role of PCNA during inflammation. Proteomic analysis of the neutrophil cytosol revealed significant differences between GDs and healthy donors (HDs). PCNA was one of the most upregulated proteins in GDs, and the PCNA interactome was significantly different in GDs compared with HDs. Importantly, while PCNA associated with almost all enzymes involved in glycolysis in HDs, these associations were decreased in GDs. Functionally, neutrophils from GDs had a significant increase in glycolysis compared with HDs. Using p21 competitor peptides, we showed that PCNA negatively regulates neutrophil glycolysis in HDs but had no effect on GD neutrophils. These data demonstrate that G-CSF alters the PCNA scaffold, affecting interactions with key glycolytic enzymes, and thus regulates glycolysis, the main energy pathway utilized by neutrophils. By this selective control of glycolysis, PCNA can organize neutrophils functionality in parallel with other PCNA mechanisms of prolonged survival. PCNA may therefore be instrumental in the reprogramming that neutrophils undergo in inflammatory or tumoral settings.
Later Is aCis-HeteroPatriarchal Time Zone: Narratives of Resistance to LGBTQI+ Inclusion amongst Humanitarian Practitioners
Authors: Michelis Ilaria
Published: October 2023

The plight of forcibly displaced LGBTQI+ people has become increasingly visible in Western media and scholarship within the past 10 years. Yet, despite increasing commitments and an expanding number of dedicated reports and initiatives, LGBTQI+ individuals remain discriminated against, exposed to violence, and excluded from humanitarian assistance. This article investigates the disconnect between global rhetoric and the persistent exclusion of LGBTQI+ people from most humanitarian relief programmes by conducting a critical discourse analysis of narratives deployed by humanitarian protection actors regarding LGBTQI+ inclusion. Drawing from interviews with humanitarian workers and humanitarian guidance documents, it argues that several mutually reinforcing discourses are currently at play within the humanitarian system to endlessly delay the meaningful inclusion of forcibly displaced LGBTQI+ people. These narratives not only uphold the cis-heteronormative and racist structures upon which the humanitarian system is constructed but also contribute to further stigmatization and anti-LGBTQI+ violence in an increasingly polarized world.
The power spectrum of extended [C ii] haloes around high redshift galaxies
Authors: Zhang Meng , Ferrara Andrea , Yue Bin
Published: October 2023

Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) observations have detected extended (≃10 kpc) [C$\scriptstyle \rm II$] haloes around high-redshift (z ≳ 5) star-forming galaxies. If such extended structures are common, they may have an impact on the line intensity mapping (LIM) signal. We compute the LIM power spectrum including both the central galaxy and the [C $\scriptstyle \rm II$] halo, and study the detectability of such signal in an ALMA LIM survey. We model the central galaxy and the [C $\scriptstyle \rm II$] halo brightness with a $\rm S\acute{e}rsic$ + exponential profile. The model has two free parameters: the effective radius ratio $f_{R_{\rm e}}$, and the central surface brightness ratio, fΣ, between the two components. [C $\scriptstyle \rm II$] haloes can significantly boost the LIM power spectrum signal. For example, for relatively compact [C $\scriptstyle \rm II$] haloes ($f_\Sigma =0.4$, $f_{R_{\rm e}}=2.0$), the signal is boosted by ≃20 times; for more extended and diffuse haloes ($f_\Sigma =0.1, f_{R_{\rm e}}=6.0$), the signal is boosted by ≃100 times. For the ALMA ASPECS survey (resolution θbeam = 1.13 arcsec, survey area $\Omega _{\rm survey}=2.9\, \rm arcmin^{2}$) the [C $\scriptstyle \rm II$] power spectrum is detectable only if the deL14d [C $\scriptstyle \rm II$]–SFR relation holds. However, with an optimized survey (θbeam = 0.232 arcsec, $\Omega _{\rm survey}=2.0\, \rm deg^{2}$), the power spectrum is detectable for all the [C $\scriptstyle \rm II$]–SFR relations considered in this paper. Such a survey can constrain $f_\Sigma$ ($f_{R_{\rm e}}$) with a relative uncertainty of $\sim 15~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ ($\sim 10~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$). A successful LIM experiment will provide unique constraints on the nature, origin, and frequency of extended [C $\scriptstyle \rm II$] haloes, and the [C $\scriptstyle \rm II$]–SFR relation at early times.
ZNF432 stimulates PARylation and inhibits DNA resection to balance PARPi sensitivity and resistance
Authors: O’Sullivan Julia , Kothari Charu , Caron Marie-Christine , Gagné Jean-Philippe , Jin Zhigang , Nonfoux Louis , Beneyton Adèle , Coulombe Yan , Thomas Mélissa , Atalay Nurgul , Meng X Wei , Milano Larissa , Jean Dominique , Boisvert François-Michel , Kaufmann Scott H , Hendzel Michael J , Masson Jean-Yves , Poirier Guy G
Published: October 2023

Zinc finger (ZNF) motifs are some of the most frequently occurring domains in the human genome. It was only recently that ZNF proteins emerged as key regulators of genome integrity in mammalian cells. In this study, we report a new role for the Krüppel-type ZNF-containing protein ZNF432 as a novel poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) reader that regulates the DNA damage response. We show that ZNF432 is recruited to DNA lesions via DNA- and PAR-dependent mechanisms. Remarkably, ZNF432 stimulates PARP-1 activity in vitro and in cellulo. Knockdown of ZNF432 inhibits phospho-DNA-PKcs and increases RAD51 foci formation following irradiation. Moreover, purified ZNF432 preferentially binds single-stranded DNA and impairs EXO1-mediated DNA resection. Consequently, the loss of ZNF432 in a cellular system leads to resistance to PARP inhibitors while its overexpression results in sensitivity. Taken together, our results support the emerging concept that ZNF-containing proteins can modulate PARylation, which can be embodied by the pivotal role of ZNF432 to finely balance the outcome of PARPi response by regulating homologous recombination.
PML modulates epigenetic composition of chromatin to regulate expression of pro-metastatic genes in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Fracassi Cristina , Ugge' Martina , Abdelhalim Mohamed , Zapparoli Ettore , Simoni Matilde , Magliulo Daniela , Mazza Davide , Lazarevic Dejan , Morelli Marco J , Collas Philippe , Bernardi Rosa
Published: October 2023

The promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein organizes nuclear aggregates known as PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), where many transcription factors localize to be regulated. In addition, associations of PML and PML-NBs with chromatin are described in various cell types, further implicating PML in transcriptional regulation. However, a complete understanding of the functional consequences of PML association to DNA in cellular contexts where it promotes relevant phenotypes is still lacking. We examined PML chromatin association in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines, where it exerts important oncogenic functions. We find that PML associates discontinuously with large heterochromatic PML-associated domains (PADs) that contain discrete gene-rich euchromatic sub-domains locally depleted of PML. PML promotes heterochromatic organization in PADs and expression of pro-metastatic genes embedded in these sub-domains. Importantly, this occurs outside PML-NBs, suggesting that nucleoplasmic PML exerts a relevant gene regulatory function. We also find that PML plays indirect regulatory roles in TNBC cells by promoting the expression of pro-metastatic genes outside PADs. Our findings suggest that PML is an important transcriptional regulator of pro-oncogenic metagenes in TNBC cells, via transcriptional regulation and epigenetic organization of heterochromatin domains that embed regions of local transcriptional activity.
BOLA3 and NFU1 link mitoribosome iron–sulfur cluster assembly to multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome
Authors: Zhong Hui , Janer Alexandre , Khalimonchuk Oleh , Antonicka Hana , Shoubridge Eric A , Barrientos Antoni
Published: October 2023

The human mitochondrial ribosome contains three [2Fe–2S] clusters whose assembly pathway, role, and implications for mitochondrial and metabolic diseases are unknown. Here, structure-function correlation studies show that the clusters play a structural role during mitoribosome assembly. To uncover the assembly pathway, we have examined the effect of silencing the expression of Fe–S cluster biosynthetic and delivery factors on mitoribosome stability. We find that the mitoribosome receives its [2Fe–2S] clusters from the GLRX5-BOLA3 node. Additionally, the assembly of the small subunit depends on the mitoribosome biogenesis factor METTL17, recently reported containing a [4Fe–4S] cluster, which we propose is inserted via the ISCA1-NFU1 node. Consistently, fibroblasts from subjects suffering from ‘multiple mitochondrial dysfunction’ syndrome due to mutations in BOLA3 or NFU1 display previously unrecognized attenuation of mitochondrial protein synthesis that contributes to their cellular and pathophysiological phenotypes. Finally, we report that, in addition to their structural role, one of the mitoribosomal [2Fe–2S] clusters and the [4Fe–4S] cluster in mitoribosome assembly factor METTL17 sense changes in the redox environment, thus providing a way to regulate organellar protein synthesis accordingly.