bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validating Work Discrimination and Coping Strategy Models for Sexual Minorities
Authors: Chung Y. Barry , Williams Wendi , Dispenza Franco
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this study was to validate and expand on Y. B. Chung's (2001) models of work discrimination and coping strategies among lesbian, gay, and bisexual persons. In semistructured individual interviews, 17 lesbians and gay men reported 35 discrimination incidents and their related coping strategies. Responses were coded based on Chung's models. Results supported the validity of the Work Discrimination model and two coping strategy models (Vocational Choice and Identity Management). The Discrimination Management coping strategy model was expanded. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Toward a More Complex View of Career Exploration
Authors: Zikic Jelena , Hall Douglas T.
Published: December 2011

This article examines the concept of career exploration in adult populations. In contrast to the prevailing positive view of career exploration, the authors present a more complex and balanced perspective of this process, addressing some of the barriers to career exploration and the applicability of this concept to different populations. They examine differences between voluntary exploration and forced or chance exploration, discuss how relationships may be barriers to exploration, consider various outcomes of career explorations, and call for a more holistic view of the individual in career counseling.
Choosing a Vocation at 100: Time, Change, and Context
Authors: Baker David B.
Published: December 2011

Publication of Choosing a Vocation in 1909 has earned Frank Parsons (1854–1908) the distinction of being the founder of the vocational guidance movement in 20th century America. Such designations, often deserving, risk taking events, people, and the movements they endorse out of context, thus reducing their meaning and impact. In this article, the author locates Parsons and the vocational guidance movement in the context of American history. Doing so elucidates a deeper meaning of the origins of modern vocational guidance.
The Boston Vocation Bureau's First Counseling Staff
Authors: Sensoy‐Briddick Hande
Published: December 2011

Although much has been written about Frank Parsons, the founder of the vocational guidance movement, little is known about the 1st counseling staff of the Vocation Bureau. Lucinda Wyman Prince, Ralph Albertson, and Philip Davis each deserve recognition for their role in founding vocation guidance as well as their civic contributions. This article describes the roles and contribution of the profession's 1st counselors.
Jesse Buttrick Davis (1871–1955): Pioneer of Vocational Guidance in the Schools
Authors: Pope Mark
Published: December 2011

Jesse Buttrick Davis is considered to be the 1st school counselor in the United States because he was the 1st to implement a systematic guidance program in the schools. Through his work in the Michigan public schools, he became an important leader in the development of vocational guidance in the late 1800s and early 1900s. His pioneering work in the Detroit and Grand Rapids public schools laid the foundation for the counseling specialties of career counseling and school counseling. He was also 1 of the founders of the National Vocational Guidance Association (now National Career Development Association) and National Association of Secondary School Principals.
Meyer Bloomfield: Organizer of the Vocational Guidance Movement (1907–1917)
Authors: Savickas Mark L.
Published: December 2011

Meyer Bloomfield was the preeminent leader of the vocational guidance movement during the first 20 years of the 20th century. From 1907 to 1917, he worked to establish organizations, which today are called the National Career Development Association and the American Management Association, and to found a journal, which is now called the Journal of Counseling & Development. To train vocational guidance personnel, he offered the 1st university course in counselor education. He also published several books and many articles on vocational guidance for both professionals and the public.
Introduction to the IAEVG‐SVP‐NCDA Symposium, Padua, Italy, September 2007
Authors: Trusty Jerry , Van Esbroeck Raoul , Gore Paul A.
Published: December 2011

This special issue of The Career Development Quarterly (J. Trusty, R. Van Esbroeck, & P. A. Gore, 2009) presents summaries of the content and outcomes from the joint international symposium of the International Association for Educational and Vocational Guidance, Society for Vocational Psychology, and National Career Development Association held in Padua, Italy, in September 2007. This symposium was themed and titled Vocational Psychology and Career Guidance Practice: An International Partnership. Included in this issue are (a) a summary of the keynote address by A. E. M. van Vianen (coauthored with I. E. De Pater & P. T. Y. Preenen, 2009), (b) summaries of 7 of the 8 discussion groups, and (c) conclusions presented by D. E. P. Schultheiss and R. Van Esbroeck (2009b). Each discussion group was composed of at least 1 chair, at least 1 recorder, and several professionals from around the world who presented material related to the topic assigned to the group.
Social Cognitive Predictors of the Career Goals of Korean American Students
Authors: Kelly Kevin R. , Gunsalus Ae‐Jung Chang , Gunsalus Robert
Published: December 2011

Limited empirical study of the career development of Asian Americans in general and Korean Americans in particular has been conducted. The authors present the results of a theory‐based exploration of the career goals of Korean American university students in which ethnic identity, self‐efficacy, outcome expectations, and career interests were used to predict goal intentions for science and nonscience careers. Outcome expectations and career interests predicted a moderate amount of variance in science career goal intentions and a moderate to large amount of variance in nonscience career goal intentions. Korean American students' career goal development seems similar to that of American college students.
Career Counseling for Women Preparing to Leave Abusive Relationships: A Social Cognitive Career Theory Approach
Authors: Morris Carrie A. Wachter , Shoffner Marie F. , Newsome Deborah W.
Published: December 2011

Career counselors work with people from varied segments of society. For battered women, some of the challenges they face from intimate partner violence may significantly influence their career exploration and decision making. Social cognitive career theory (SCCT; R. W. Lent, S. D. Brown, & G. Hackett, 1994) is a framework that has important implications for working with these women. In this article, the authors present the unique career needs of battered women terminating abusive relationships, the relevance of SCCT to this population, strategies for using SCCT when working with these women, and a case study illustrating effective use of SCCT.
Applying Social Learning Theory of Career Decision Making to Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning Young Adults
Authors: Datti Paul A.
Published: December 2011

Incorporating J. D. Krumboltz's (1979) social learning theory of career decision making, the author explores career development issues for gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (GLBTQ) adolescents and young adults. Unique challenges for the GLBTQ population are discussed, specific recommendations for effective career counseling with this population are outlined, and suggestions for future research are presented.
Solutions to Faculty Work Overload: A Study of Job Sharing
Authors: Freeman Brenda J. , Coll Kenneth M.
Published: December 2011

This study investigated the opinions of a national sample of counselor education chairs and college of education deans regarding the advantages and disadvantages of faculty job sharing. Results showed favorable responses toward faculty job sharing from approximately half the sample, despite limited experience with job sharing. The study found few differences in perspectives between deans and counselor education chairs.
The Future Career Autobiography: A Narrative Measure of Career Intervention Effectiveness
Authors: Rehfuss Mark C.
Published: December 2011

To be consistent with narrative career theory, effective career interventions should result in changes to individuals' occupational narratives over time. This exploratory study sought to present and examine the efficacy of the Future Career Autobiography (FCA), which is a narrative tool designed to identify and measure change or lack of change in individuals' occupational narratives over time. Undecided undergraduate students completed the FCA before and after a traditional career exploration course. The FCA seemed to measure both change and lack of change in occupational narratives, consistent with the career choice process and narrative theory.
Practice and Research in Career Counseling and Development—2009
Authors: Hartung Paul J.
Published: December 2011

A review of the 2009 career counseling and development literature indicates that the field remains vital, vibrant, valid, and viable precisely 100 years after its founding. Using the field's 4 fundamental traditions of person‐environment fit, life‐span development, social cognition, and constructivism‐social constructionism as lenses for considering articles across customary topical areas, the review examines the 2009 career counseling and development literature to consolidate knowledge about advances in theory, assessment, and intervention. The review concludes with a general discussion and the author's top 10 favorite articles for 2009, with encouragement to the reader to develop a personal favorites list.
Relationships Among Middle‐School Adolescents' Vocational Skills, Motivational Approaches, and Interests
Authors: Turner Sherri L. , Conkel Julia , Starkey Michael T. , Landgraf Rachel
Published: December 2011

This study examined gender differences in relationships among vocational skills, motivational approaches, and same‐gender and cross‐gender interests for urban adolescents. Results showed gender differences in interests, with males having greater Realistic interests and females having greater Artistic and Social interests, based on Holland's (1997) theory of interest types. Structural equation modeling revealed that males tended to approach the occupational world with assertiveness, the desire to create opportunities, and the use of instrumental support. Females tended to approach the occupational world by being adaptable, capitalizing on their skills and abilities, actively preparing themselves for the future, exploring options, and using emotional support. Recommendations for career development practice are provided.
Life and Work Values of Counselor Trainees: A National Survey
Authors: Busacca Louis A. , Beebe Ronald S. , Toman Sarah M.
Published: December 2011

This national web‐based study used the Schwartz Value Survey (Schwartz, 1994) and Super's Work Values Inventory‐Revised (Zytowski, n.d.) to identify general life and work value orientations of 674 female and male entry‐level counselor trainees residing in 27 states. In general, trainees emphasized benevolence, self‐direction, and achievement and the work values lifestyle, supervision, and achievement. Significant multivariate and univariate differences for age, gender, and program of study were found on both value domains. The sample of practicing counselors scored significantly higher on several values than did trainees. Implications for how students construe values to develop toward their professional role of counselor are considered.
Using Technology to Deliver Career Development Services: Supporting Today's Students in Higher Education
Authors: Venable Melissa A.
Published: December 2011

Career services professionals are increasingly involved in decisions regarding the use of technology. This article presents a number of considerations to be explored, including the characteristics and needs of today's students, available technologies, funding requirements, and confidentiality issues. The author recommends an approach that includes strategic planning, needs analyses, training, and ongoing support. Current asynchronous and synchronous technologies are described, and examples of the use of each in the context of career services are provided. The specific technologies presented are e‐mail, discussion boards, video, podcasts, websites, Internet‐based guidance and information systems, telephone, instant messages, and virtual rooms.
First‐Generation African American Male College Students: Implications for Career Counselors
Authors: Owens Delila , Lacey Krim , Rawls Glinda , Holbert‐Quince Jo Anne
Published: December 2011

The path to upward mobility or economic success for African American men is often filled with obstacles and roadblocks. Many first‐generation African American men entering colleges and universities face limited resources and opportunities to aid in their career development and efforts to meet their career objectives. This article explores the career development needs of African American men attending colleges and universities. The article provides suggestions, techniques, and strategies that career counselors and student affairs personnel can use to assist these African American men in their career development. Implications for career counselors are also addressed.
Prospective First‐Generation College Students: A Social‐Cognitive Perspective
Authors: Gibbons Melinda M. , Borders L. DiAnne
Published: December 2011

The authors investigated differences in college‐going expectations of middle school students who would be the 1st in their families to attend college. Social‐cognitive career theory (SCCT; R. W. Lent, S. D. Brown, & G. Hackett, 1994) was used to examine college‐related expectations in 272 seventh‐grade students. Differences were found between prospective 1st‐generation college students (PFGCSs) and their non‐PFGCS peers, with the former group demonstrating lower self‐efficacy, higher negative outcome expectations, and more perceived barriers. Path analysis demonstrated partial support for the SCCT model. An alternative model for PFGCSs is proposed.
Enhancing the Career Development of Individuals Who Have Criminal Records
Authors: Thompson Mindi N. , Cummings Devon L.
Published: December 2011

Large numbers of individuals are involved in the criminal justice system. Upon release, most have difficulty finding employment and stabilizing economic resources, which contribute to recidivism. To date, the role of work in the lives of ex‐offenders has virtually been ignored in the vocational literature. The purpose of this article is to increase awareness of this group by highlighting vocational implications of having a criminal record; reviewing existing interventions demonstrated to be beneficial (e.g., teaching skills prior to release, restorative justice interventions); and providing suggestions to more readily include this group in future practice, research, and policy.
Possible Selves Among Urban Youths of Color: An Exploration of Peer Beliefs and Gender Differences
Authors: Perry Justin C. , Vance Kristen S.
Published: December 2011

Drawing from possible selves theory (H. Markus & P. Nurius, 1986), this study explored the roles of peer beliefs about school and gender differences in the development of academic and occupational visions of the future among 216 urban youths of color. Peer beliefs were not related to career and educational possible selves. No gender‐based differences were found in educational possible selves; however, boys were more likely to report hoped‐for and expected possible selves with lower occupational prestige than were girls. Directions for future research and the implications for practice in counseling urban youths of color are discussed.
Counselors' Perspectives on Using the Career Style Interview With Clients
Authors: Rehfuss Mark C. , Cosio Saharay , del Corso Jennifer
Published: December 2011

The authors investigated counselors' perspectives on using the Career Style Interview (CSI) with clients who had career concerns. Participants were a purposive sample of 34 counselors who had been trained in and who had used the CSI with clients. The findings indicated that the counselors viewed the CSI as a helpful and positive career counseling intervention. It was most effective at identifying clients' life themes and assisted them with making meaningful career decisions. Implications of these findings for career counseling practice and research are also discussed.
Toward a Mediation Model of Employability Enhancement: A Study of Employee‐Supervisor Pairs in the Building Sector
Authors: van der Heijden Beatrice I. J. M. , Bakker Arnold B.
Published: December 2011

This study examines whether jobs that enable competence development and a constructive leadership style enhance workers' employability or career potential through their assumed positive relationship with work‐related flow (absorption, work enjoyment, and intrinsic work motivation). The authors conducted an explorative study with 303 pairs of employees and their direct supervisors working in a Dutch building company. Results indicate that self‐ratings of learning value of the current job and transformational leadership have an indirect relationship with supervisor ratings of employability through work‐related flow.
Decision Making in Voluntary Career Change: An Other‐Than‐Rational Perspective
Authors: Murtagh Niamh , Lopes Paulo N. , Lyons Evanthia
Published: December 2011

The authors present a qualitative study of voluntary career change, which highlighted the importance of positive emotions, unplanned action, and building certainty and perceiving continuity in the realization of change. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to broaden theoretical understanding of real‐life career decision making. The accounts of 8 women who had changed careers were explored, and the analysis supported other‐than‐rational perspectives of career decision making. An action‐affect‐cognition framework of decision making is proposed. The framework adds the role of emotion and the importance of self‐regulation to existing theory of career decision making. Implications for career counseling are discussed.
Structuring Opportunity: The Role of School Context in Shaping High School Students' Occupational Aspirations
Authors: Rowan‐Kenyon Heather T. , Perna Laura W. , Swan Amy K.
Published: December 2011

This study explores the occupational aspirations of high school students planning to attend college by drawing on a multilayered model of college enrollment, social cognitive career theory, and multiple descriptive case studies of 15 high schools. Students' occupational aspirations and their understanding of the education required to achieve these aspirations appear to be connected to the resource level of schools in this study. The nature of career programming provided also varied by school resource level, illustrating how multiple layers of context shape the development of students' career interests as well as their decision making with respect to educational and career choices.
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF COUNSELING THEORY AND PRACTICE
Authors: Harris Brother Philip
Published: December 2011

Rev. Dominic Brady, O.P. The Catholic University of America Press, 1952. 128 pp.
Awareness Techniques: A Model for Personal Growth
Authors: HENSELER DONNA L.
Published: December 2011

The following article is not part of this issue on “Sexism in Counseling.” It was to have appeared in the February 1975 issue of Counseling and Values on “New Frontiers in the Helping Relationship,” but due to space limitations we were unable to present it then.
The Moral Nature of Psychotherapy
Authors: GRANT BARRY
Published: December 2011

Although psychotherapists are aware that psychotherapy is a value‐laden practice, they do not generally appreciate that psychotherapy is necessarily based on moral values. Conceptions of moral values as attitudes regarding the well‐being of others and of human enterprises as actions based on reasoned choices or values are presented. The nature of psychotherapy as a moral enterprise is shown through an examination of two views of theory. Theories, the typical basis for guiding and justifying practice, either contain moral values or require them as assumptions necessary for practice. Implications for the teaching and presentation of forms of psychotherapy are briefly discussed.
Pretherapy Information, Counselor Influence, and Value Similarity: Impact on Female Clients' Reactions
Authors: LEWIS KATHLEEN N. , LEWIS DAVID A.
Published: December 2011

This study examined the effects of pretherapy information, participants' views on premarital sex, and counselor influence attempts on female participants reactions to a female counselor. These results are discussed in relation to previous research.
Using Hope in the Counseling Process
Authors: DUFRANE KATHERINE , LECLAIR STEVEN W.
Published: December 2011

This article presents a framework for the development of hope in the counseling relationship. Although hope has often been viewed as an impediment to growth, the authors believe that realistic hope is an effective tool in a counseling relationship. The authors also examine the role of the counselor in the formulation of hope.
Therapist and Family Values in a Cultural Context
Authors: STEIN HOWARD F.
Published: December 2011

In this article the author discusses the nature, complexity, meaning, and function of values, their presence in the family counselor or therapist as well as in the family in treatment, and the consequences for treatment of the interplay between those two value systems. A brief conceptualization of values is offered, followed by (a) a discussion of family language as a key to identifying salient values, (b) where values are experienced, (c) timing as a value in counseling, (d) the relationship between therapy and the ideology of cultural relativism, (e) midwestern American farming family values thai illustrate an ethnographic approach to family assessment and intervention, and if) therapist values and the professional values of family therapy as a social movement. A number of vignettes from the author's work with families and supervision of family medicine residents in family counseling illustrate the theoretical and methodological issues that are raised.
Changes in Religious Behaviors and Attitudes of College Students from 1973 to 1983
Authors: MANESE JEANNE E. , SEDLACEK WILLIAM E.
Published: December 2011

THERE SEEMS TO BE little empirical research on religion and religious values among college students, particularly regarding race and sex differences. For example, even though religion has been found to be an important and unifying force among Blacks (White, 1984), there does not seem to be any research on religious change and practices among Black college students. In the literature on female college students and religion, one study on religious attitude change (McAllister, 1981) found womens' attitudes to be more positive and traditional in 1974 than in the early 1960s and 1970s. Additionally, in some studies the relationships have been examined between religious attitudes and beliefs and sexual attitudes and beliefs among female students (King, Abernathy, Robinson, & Balswick, 1976; Mahoney, 1980; Young, 1981). To better understand such trends and relationships, the changes in religion and related values at one university by race and sex were studied over a 10‐year period. A 29‐item questionnaire on religion and related values was administered to a representative sample of incoming freshmen at the University of Maryland, College Park, in 1973 (N = 270: 41% men, 59% women; 70% White, 11% Black) and 1983 (N = 389: 55% men, 45% women; 77% White, 13% Black). Data were analyzed using chi‐ square and multivariate analysis of variance at the .05 level.
Counseling and Values in the Story of King David
Authors: HOLSTEIN JAY A.
Published: December 2011

In this article the biblical story of David is analyzed to determine what is the most effective form of counseling and why. Although the mere presence of values does not guarantee success, the absence of values in the counseling process can lead to disastrous results. The author concludes that the most effective method is one that is suffused with the highest values and that leads the individual to evaluate himself or herself in light of those values.
The Tyranny of Technique
Authors: MAHONEY MICHAEL J.
Published: December 2011

The role of technique and technology in psychological counseling is briefly discussed. A preoccupation with both has characterized approaches to knowledge and power for several centuries. It is argued that the distinction between “knowing that” and “knowing how” is an important one in professional training. Techniques are necessary codifications of more basic, abstract development. The counseling apprentice and supervisor should therefore relegate technique and technical skills to an important, but hardly central, role in psychological services.
Liberation Theology and the Issue of Violence
Authors: SMITH STEVEN G.
Published: December 2011

The conception of a violent social order, which is an important part of the polemic of liberation theology, challenges the ordinary understanding of violence and indicates that how one uses the word violence is a moral issue. Precisely to keep this issue focused, however, the word violence should be used to mean intentional harming. The question then becomes what constitutes harm and when intenders are responsible. Instructed by social science, bound to its historical situation, and committed to peace with justice, liberation theologians present a sophisticated view of harm and argue for appropriate adjustments in the Christian morality of love.
Ethical Issues in Research on Psychotherapy
Authors: GARFIELD SOL L.
Published: December 2011

A number of ethical issues that researchers in the area of psychotherapy have to consider are reviewed and some possible solutions considered.
Reflections on Our South African Experience (January‐February 1986)
Authors: ROGERS CARL R. , SANFORD RUTH
Published: December 2011

This article is a description of Carl's 7‐week experience in South Africa. Carl reflects on the human drama of direct and honest confrontation and proposes that major changes are precipitated from great stress or crisis. Carl presents evidence of the potential of person‐centered communication.
Journal of South African Trip: January 14‐March 1, 1986
Authors: ROGERS CARL R.
Published: December 2011

This article is Carl's personal account, dictated en route, of his experiences during his trip to South Africa. He documents his extensive commitment to people and to a process leading to peace. He ends his journal with the conviction that violence can be avoided and that no group really wants violence.
Inside the World of the Soviet Professional
Authors: ROGERS CARL R.
Published: December 2011

In this article Carl recounts his experiences with psychologists, educators, and researchers in the Soviet Union. While in the Soviet Union, Carl did live counseling sessions with Soviet citizens to demonstrate his person‐centered approach. In the end, Carl reflects that the Soviet professional has needs and concerns similar to psychologists and educators in America. This is a joint report of work carried on by Carl Rogers and Ruth Sanford. The account was largely written by Carl, but Sanford contributed to it.
Explaining Helping Relationships Through Learning Theories and the Question of Human Agency
Authors: RYCHLAK JOSEPH F.
Published: December 2011

It is argued that counselors too readily accept the mechanistic terminology of learning theories to account for client behavior, when in fact such terminology is not capturing what really takes place in the consulting room. Following a definition of agency, classical causation theory is presented. Psychology has patterned itself after Newtonian precepts, which rely upon material and efficient causation. As an antidote to this narrow usage, the concept of telosponsivity is presented. A telosponse is behavior carried out “for the sake of” purposes, and draws from the meaning of formal and final causation. Oppositional meanings in experience are what makes telosponsivity both possible and, indeed, necessary. A review of one counseling theory is carried out, and it is then shown how the mechanistic biases of psychology have been incorporated into this theoretical account. Corrective theoretical measures, in line with an agential view of behavior, are then recommended.
Science, Values, and Teleological Explanations of Human Action
Authors: HOWARD GEORGE S.
Published: December 2011

Science has traditionally eschewed telic explanations as scientific accounts of human behavior. Given a telic nature of humans, psychology and related fields must learn how to incorporate teleology into their accounts. The article presents an initial step in that direction.
WHAT ARE YOU TALKING ABOUT?
Authors: Howard George S.
Published: December 2011

“Newton opened the book of nature and found that it urns written in the languge of mathematics”—A.J. Ayre (1985)
The Clergyperson as Counselor: An Inherent Conflict of Interest
Authors: MILLER HOMER M.L. , ATKINSON DONALD R.
Published: December 2011

Counseling is a function performed by many clergypersons as part of their overall role of minister in a congregational setting. There is an inherent conflict of interest when a clergyperson seeks to be an objective and therapeutic counselor to members of the very group on which he or she depends for both material benefits and volunteer help. The authors provide illustrations of this conflict of interest and then examine it in the light of codes of ethics of several professional counseling organizations. Clergy who do counseling are urged to adopt a professional code of ethics and abide by it, even if this involves cessation of the counseling function.
Kazimierz Dabrowski's Theory of Positive Disintegration and the American Humanistic Psychology
Authors: WECKOWICZ T.E.
Published: December 2011

The author discusses the differences and similarities between Dabrowski's theory of positive disintegration and the theories of the American Humanistic psychologists. All are personality growth theories; however, the philosophical assumptions underlying the theories differ. The Humanistic psychologists subscribe to eudaimonistic ethics of self‐fulfillment and happiness, whereas Dabrowski follows the Existentialists and stresses the dignity of human beings. He stresses the suffering associated with the attainment of higher levels of spiritual development. Underlying these different views on the nature of human existence may be differing assumptions about the metaphysics of evil. Theologians have discussed the metaphysics of evil since the early days of the church as the problem of theodicy. This article suggests that the American Humanistic psychologists and Dabrowski implicitly followed different theodicies. This could account for the resistance to Dabrowksi's theory in North America.
Ethical Issues in Gerocounseling
Authors: CAVALLARO MARION L. , RAMSEY MARYLOU
Published: December 2011

Recently, there has been a tremendous increase in the attention paid to counseling older adults and the importance of maintaining sound ethical practices in professional counseling. Unfortunately, to date there has been little movement to combine the two areas and examine the unique ethical issues faced in gerocounseling practice. To address this void, the authors enumerate some ethical dilemmas they have encountered in gerocounseling, examine the American Association for Counseling and Development (formerly American Personnel and Guidance Association) Ethical Standards (1981) that are pertinent, and suggest options for handling the conflicts raised.
Race and Moral Judgment Development Scores
Authors: LOCKE DON C. , TUCKER DALLAS O.
Published: December 2011

Black and White college students were studied to determine reactions to moral dilemmas when the race of the central character in the dilemma was changed.
The Values of Counseling: Three Domains
Authors: HERR EDWIN L. , NILES SPENCER
Published: December 2011

This article examines how values, as orienting beliefs about what is good for a client, group of clients, or a nation, affect the delivery of counseling services. Specifically, this article explores the role of value assumptions within such areas as counselor‐client interactions, psychometrics, career services, and the transportability of counseling theories across national boundaries.
Toward A Holistic Psychology of Valuing
Authors: HAGUE WILLIAM J.
Published: December 2011

Recent trends in moral development theory, especially those proposed by Kohlberg, point in the direction of a holistic approach. Intuitive modes are now more appreciated, as is the perspective religious experience gives. Because cognitive‐developmentalism seems stretched beyond its limits, Dabrowski's theory of cognitive disintegration is proposed as having the potential (a) to meet the need for a holistic theory, and (b) to penetrate the sources of value objectivity.
Sex Differences in Moral Dilemmas Written by Gifted Adolescents
Authors: BALDWIN CYNTHIA
Published: December 2011

Research in moral development has been an arena for debate about differences between men and women. Studies have provided different conclusions with different variables and populations. The purpose of this study was to examine characteristics of gifted male and female adolescents from a nonurban setting to discover what issues they consider moral dilemmas, how they chose to resolve those issues, and whether any sex differences would be significant.
Values in Counseling and Psychotherapy
Authors: PATTERSON C.H.
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this article is to consider the various ways that values enter into counseling or psychotherapy, with particular attention to the goals of the process and the methods or procedures by which the counselor or therapist implements the process.
The Integration of Values Into Family Life Education
Authors: PONZETTI JAMES J. , SCHLICHTING BONNIE
Published: December 2011

The authors discuss the importance of integrating values education with family life education, the assumptions on which such an integration is based, and the impediments to its implementation. Suggestions for overcoming these impediments are presented.
Mental Health Values and Response to Alcoholism Treatment
Authors: TYLER JOHN D. , CLARK JAMES A. , WITTENSTROM ROBERT C.
Published: December 2011

Mental health values consist of the subset of values that refer to what constitutes good mental health. Torrey (1972) suggested that agreement between patient and therapist about such values may influence psychotherapy outcome. The authors found mixed support for this hypothesis using a sample of 100 chemical dependency inpatients. Positive treatment effects were associated with pretreatment agreement between counselor and patient about some mental health values, but with pretreatment disagreement about others. Because outcome measures assess general personality functioning, the authors suggest that attitudes about what constitutes good mental health may predict general psychotherapy effects as well as response to alcoholism treatment.
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: Scott Nancy A.
Published: December 2011

Women's Work, Families, and Health, Kristen M. Swanson‐Kauffman (Ed.).
Risk Assessment of the Suicidal Religious Person: Some Suggestions
Authors: RICKGARN RALPH L. V.
Published: December 2011

For appropriate intervention, the counselor should gain an understanding of the individual's perspective of religious values and attitudes, which at the moment of suicidal crisis may or may not be consonant with his or her previously held religious tenets.
Building Character Through Sports: Myth or Possibility?
Authors: CHANDLER TIMOTHY J. L. , GOLDBERG ALAN D.
Published: December 2011

In this article the authors ask whether striving to win in sports is compatible with the belief that participation in sports builds character. In identifying two viewpoints on winning in sports—winning as consequence and winning as experience—the authors suggest ways in which counselors might encourage athletes, coaches, and parents to perceive winning as experience so that participation in sports can foster “character” and build feelings of self‐worth.
The Effects of Research Design on the Study of Sex Differences in Moral Development
Authors: DiMARTINO EMILY COMSTOCK
Published: December 2011

This report suggests that the controversy surrounding the issue of sex differences in moral development is due, in part, to the project designs that are used. The author demonstrates the need for multiple research modes for the study of this issue.
Beliefs of Professional Counselors and Clergy About Depressive Religious Ideation
Authors: HOLDEN JANICE MINER , WATTS RICHARD E. , BROOKSHIRE WILLIAM
Published: December 2011

Depressed clients sometimes express the belief that God wants them to suffer and even, through suicide, to die. To assess counselor and clergy beliefs about depressive religious ideation a questionnaire was developed and distributed. Respondents agreed that such ideation is a misinterpretation of Judeo‐Christian principles, and respondents also tended to believe in the benefit, right, and ability to challenge such ideation. Expectation of client resistance to having such ideation challenged was more varied. Differences among the five issues appeared to be related to only some of the predictor variables. Limitations of the study and implications for further research are discussed.
Religious Perfectionism Versus Spiritual Growth
Authors: HEISE ROBIN G. , STEITZ JEAN A.
Published: December 2011

This article explores the fundamentalist Christian focus on perfectionism and its possible contribution to an increase in dysfunctional individuals, family systems, and societies. Several Bible verses are analyzed, and the results of their misinterpretation discussed. The need for a program of spiritual growth, as expressed by Alcoholics Anonymous, as opposed to a program of spiritual perfection is proposed.
Healthy Death
Authors: SMITH DOUGLAS C. , MAHER MICHAEL F.
Published: December 2011

The concept of healthy death is introduced and explored. A review of literature on the subject of death and dying reveals efforts that have sought to make death a “good” and “meaningful” experience. The article concludes with a summary definition of healthy death.
Religion in Public Schools
Authors: ASPY DAVID N. , ASPY CHERYL B.
Published: December 2011

If neutrality in religion is truly to be achieved in public schools, then more emphasis must be placed on providing nonbiased instruction on comparative religions and other similar topics.
Are Children with Disabilities “Special Gifts”? Mothers' Views
Authors: FELKER KITTY S.
Published: December 2011

This interview study of mothers of children with congenital disabilities examines the prevalence of and reactions to certain quasi‐theological explanations for the disabling condition.
The Relationship Between a Counselor's Ethical Orientation and the Stress Experienced in Ethical Dilemmas
Authors: MAY KATHLEEN M. , SOWA CLAUDIA J.
Published: December 2011

The interaction of a counselor's ethical orientation, the ethical dilemmas within the counseling profession, and the stress experienced in resolving ethical dilemmas is examined in this research. A significant relationship was found between a societal orientation of ethical reasoning and the perception of stress associated with ethical dilemmas. The demographic variables of setting and gender also were significantly related to the stress associated with making ethical choices. Implications of the findings and future research on the relationship between ethical orientation and the stress involved in the ethical dilemmas of counseling are discussed.
Religious Life‐Styles and Mental Health: A Follow‐Up Study
Authors: MASTERS KEVIN S. , BERGIN ALLEN E. , REYNOLDS EMILY M. , SULLIVAN CLYDE E.
Published: December 2011

This study is part of a longitudinal research project designed to discover more about the relations between religious involvement and mental health. It represents a 3‐year follow‐up on a group of religious young adults. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and by means of a psychological test battery. The results are discussed.
Soul Healing: A Model of Feminist Therapy
Authors: BERLINER PATRICIA M.
Published: December 2011

A feminist psychospiritual model of therapy that can be used in working with clients who value the spiritual dimension in their lives is offered. The history, philosophy, and work of Women for a New World, a multidisciplinary team of women representing the areas of psychology, religious education, and the arts is presented. Using examples drawn from the developmental history of our retreat‐workshop paradigm and from some of our programs, including a weekend retreat for women and a day of reflection for persons affected by AIDS (including family and friends of those with AIDS), the metaphor of therapy as soul healing is developed.
Love: A Dimension of Life
Authors: O'SULLIVAN DENIS A. , O'LEARY ELEANOR
Published: December 2011

This article explores love as a human behavior that has emotional, intellectual, volitional, relational, and transcendental dimensions. The emotional and the volitional dimensions seem to be essential. Even though love is often identified as a relationship with a particular person it is essentially a matter of caring about oneself and others.
Growing Pains: A Theory of Stress and Moral Conflict
Authors: BLAKENEY RONNIE ANN , BLAKENEY CHARLES DAVID
Published: December 2011

This article outlines a relationship between the crises that create stress in our lives and periods of instability in moral development. Stressful issues, we suggest, are more difficult to resolve during periods of developmental instability. When problems are most stressful we often experience the impact of that stress physiologically. The physiological symptoms of stress, we argue, reflect unresolved problems in primary relationships that occurred during the early (sensorimotor) developmental stages when feelings are experienced physiologically. In this way the physiological symptoms of stress become a metaphoric map for the developmental resolution of moral issues. Thus, stress and its symptoms, rather than becoming debilitating, can be reconstructed as “Growing Pains.”
Religious Values as Cross‐Cultural Issues in Counseling
Authors: BISHOP D. RUSSELL
Published: December 2011

This article highlights the importance of considering religious values in counseling from a cross‐cultural perspective. Counseling has virtually ignored some aspects of culture and their influence on the therapeutic process.
A Hermeneutic Approach to the Study of Values in Counseling
Authors: JACKSON AARON P. , PATTON MICHAEL J.
Published: December 2011

This article has two purposes. The first is to describe the hermeneutic approach to counseling research. This description includes a basic rationale for the use of the hermeneutic method in the study of values and counseling as well as a description of the philosophical and procedural framework that undergirds the hermeneutic approach. The second purpose of the article is to illustrate hermeneutic analysis through an example of this type of research. The phenomenon of study is the language of counselors as it relates to the values of free will and determinism. The analysis indicates that counselors' language differs from their professed beliefs. Also, counselors use free will language to support clients and build the relationship and they use deterministic language to encourage a focus on insight.
Brief Christian and Non‐Christian Rational‐Emotive Therapy With Depressed Christian Clients: An Exploratory Study
Authors: JOHNSON W. BRAD , RIDLEY CHARLES R.
Published: December 2011

The current outcome study operationalized a brief “Christian” form of rational‐emotive therapy (CRET) and compared the therapeutic efficacy of this treatment with a standard version of brief rational‐emotive therapy (RET) with depressed Christian clients. Results indicated that both treatments were effective in reducing depression and automatic negative thoughts, while only the CRET reduced clients' irrational beliefs. No between‐group differences were obtained for clients' perceptions of the counselor. Findings are discussed in terms of applied integration issues and the long‐standing antagonism of rational‐emotive philosophy toward religious beliefs.
Primal Alternatives to Talk Therapy: The Batak “Tondi” of North Sumatra
Authors: PEDERSEN PAUL B.
Published: December 2011

Although talk therapy has tended to rely on exogenous or outside the person resources, many primal alternatives to talk therapy have emphasized the importance of endogenous or inside the person sources of empowerment. The Toba Batak of North Sumatra provide an internalized means of mediating mental health through a religious‐based notion of the tondi, or source of power, inside the person as the source of mental‐physical health and illness. The rituals necessary for maintaining health are discussed with the rationale supporting those rituals. Applications of these historical beliefs among contemporary university students are also discussed.
A Religiously Oriented Group Counseling Intervention for Self‐Defeating Perfectionism: A Pilot Study
Authors: RICHARDS P. SCOTT , OWEN LAURA , STEIN SUZANNE
Published: December 2011

This article briefly describes a group counseling intervention we used with devout Mormon college students who were struggling with issues of perfectionism. The treatment package contained several religious and spiritual interventions including religious imagery, religious bibliotherapy assignments, and discussions about religious concepts of perfection. Group participants scored lower on depression and perfectionism, and higher on self‐esteem, existential well‐being, and religious well‐being at the conclusion of the group. The favorable results of this pilot study will hopefully provide incentive for researchers to further evaluate religiously oriented treatment approaches for perfectionism.
Steps Toward a Science of Free Will
Authors: HOWARD GEORGE S.
Published: December 2011

A conceptual confusion might lie at the heart of the free will‐determinism controversy. Reconceptualizing the issue by positing two independent bipolar dimensions (determinism versus nondeterminism and self‐determination versus nonagentic mechanism), instead of the single free will versus determinism dimension, seems to create the conceptual space for belief in both free will and determinism. A number of recent agentic theories of human action, and a growing body of research with humans, suggest the joint action of agentic self‐determination and nonagentic causation in the genesis of human behavior. Implications for counselors are offered.
The Development and Impact of Ritual in Couple Counseling
Authors: OLSON FRANKLIN
Published: December 2011

This article explores the importance of rituals to a culture and more particularly the formation, development, and evolution of rituals in couples. The article also explores the ways in which values of the couple and counselor affect the development of new rituals and the reevaluation of existing rituals as a grounding mechanism for change.
Toward a Systemic Explanation of Valuing
Authors: HAGUE WILLIAM J.
Published: December 2011

The complexity of valuing is examined by assessing the process of valuing, beginning with a basic method: rank ordering. To understand this process, 64 participants were asked to record their comments as they took the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS). Examination of these comments reveals that many agendas seem to be operating, making valuing far more complex than the linear model of rank ordering values permits. Those who reflect on this task seem to find themselves engaged in something more complex. The participants' comments reveal systemic rather than only linear tensions among values.