bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leg Salvage After Gunshot Wound to the Distal Femur: Patience is a Virtue
Authors: Uhl Richard L
Published: April 2021

Massive leg trauma from a gunshot wound requires sequential decision making. Sometimes, the ultimate answer is not immediately apparent, but presents over time.
The Client Base of Nursing, 1920-1930
Authors: Matejski Myrtle P
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

History should serve two functions: it should provide a more complete picture of the development of civilization, and it should make us aware of our beginnings, where we stand today, and the direction in which we are heading. People are the dynamic element in history. This study provides a historical perspective of nursing through an investigation of social attitudes, economic status and educational opportunities in New England from 1920-1930. Theories from Clarke, Shryock and Baldridge were utilized.

An analysis of historical data suggests that nursing educators need to address the current climate of opinion concerning nursing, to analyze the market place to determine the type nursing leaders needed to guide the future of nursing, and to re-evaluate the client-base of professional nursing with a view to attracting and retaining highly qualified people capable of achieving positive collegia! relations with others while improving nursing autonomy.
Follow the Leader: A Learning Exercise
Authors: Brand Mary Ann , Craig Ruth M
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This manuscript presents an alternate method for students' acquisition of leadership concepts. It also invites the students to become actively involved in their own learning. "Follow the Leader: A Learning Exercise" enables students to observe leadership in action, and to analyze and assimilate leadership/management theories. After observing leaders, the students discuss how they would use what they learned to become better nursing leaders. The exercise covers these key nursing management concepts: principles of delegation of authority and responsibility, communication patterns, group process, decision making, and evaluation. In order to do the exercise, students need background knowledge of basic management procedures of planning, organizing, directing and controlling.
Applying the Rasch Model to Test Administration
Authors: Howard Elizabeth Ptaszynski
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The Rasch Model is offered as a valuable means to analyze what occurs when students take tests. Unlike Classical Test Theory, the Rasch Model is not sample dependent; it generates data about the test items and the students who took the test. Test item values, item fit statistics, person measures and person fit statistics are some of the results obtained when one uses this model. Through the application of the Rasch Model described here, one may assess its value particularly to nurse educators who address many variables when administering tests. This model facilitates analysis of these variables. Additionally, it allows for comparison of test item values and person measures on the same linear scale. The result of the application of the Rasch Model is a more refined measurement of test item difficulty and student performance.
Baccalaureate Education and NCLEX: The Causes of Success
Authors: Whitley Marilyn Peddicord , Chadwick Patricia L
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A systems framework was used to study the unusual failure rate on the National Council Licensing Examination (NCLEX) experienced by one-third of the 1983 graduates of a Northwestern Bachelor of Science Nursing (BSN) program. The study group included 176 graduates; 28 were nonsuccessful and 148 were successful candidates. All candidates experienced an integrated curriculum in the two-year nursing major. This comprehensive study addressed the conceptual and experiential areas of the curriculum as well as student academic potential and performance. It is one of the first research reports to include the new NCLEX as the dependent variable. Data were analyzed for correlational and causal relationships using regression analysis and tests of statistical inference. Results indicated that graduates who entered the program with low SAT scores, low cumulative and Science GPAs, who scored below the class mean on School of Nursing examinations and whose cumulative grade point averages drifted downward while in the School of Nursing were at a significantly high risk of failing the NCLEX. It was demonstrated that the bulk of the learners attracted to the University program fell in the B to C range of academic performance, some graduates were dissatisfied with faculty teaching skill and methods, as well as with the amount of hands-on experience available either in skills labs or clinical settings. The integrated curriculum used by the School of Nursing, threading concepts across practice areas, also presented a difficulty for students. Overall, the study indicated a concern about whether the avant-garde integrated curriculum and teaching methods used by the School of Nursing met the needs of average learners attracted to the program.
Using Computers to Teach Basic Facts in the Nursing Curriculum
Authors: Brat Ellen , Vockell Edward
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This article reports on the field testing of a set of flexible computer assisted instruction (CAI) programs to supplement more traditional approaches to a unit of instruction on respiratory assessment for undergraduate nursing students. The results indicate that the students reacted favorably to the CAI materials and that the performance of students improved significantly when they used the experimental programs. This field test offers useful insights into how microcomputers can be integrated into the nursing curriculum.
Oral Communication Instruction for a Career in Nursing
Authors: Willmington S Clay
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The reason for this study was to discover the specific oral communication skills necessary for success in nursing, and those skills most in need of improvement, according to Directors of Nursing. The findings supported claims in nursing literature that many specific oral communication are critical to the success of nurses. Other findings showed that most undesirable communication behaviors are only used either "rarely" or "sometimes" by nurses and that, of seven communication variables studied, communication skills associated with listening were most important and in greatest need of improvement by nurses.
A Model for Constructing a Conceptual Framework for Education in the Clinical Specialty
Authors: Reed Pamela G
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A "Process Model" is described as an approach to developing and refining conceptual frameworks for education in the clinical specialties. A major characteristic of this approach is the borrowing of concepts from selected nursing models to construct the framework. Conceptual and empirical phases of the Model are discussed as they relate to clarifying the conceptual base of the clinical specialty. Applications of the Process Model to undergraduate and graduate education are presented.
Doctoral Programs in Nursing: An Examination of Curriculum Similarities and Differences
Authors: Snyder-Halpern Rita
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

In this exploratory study, eight doctoral programs in nursing (four PhD and four DNS/DSN/DNSc) were surveyed to examine curricular similarities and differences between research-oriented and professional-oriented programs. Content analysis was utilized to examine manifest content of 101 units of analysis derived from questionnaire items. These items reflected environmental input, curricular design, and outcome variables. Findings suggested that more curricular similarities than differences existed between the two program types. Curricular design variables reflected the most differences in the areas of program purposes and objectives. Several areas were identified for additional research in each variable category.
Deans of Nursing: Perceived Sources of Conflict and Conflict-Handling Modes
Authors: Woodtli Anne O'Hearn
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between sources of conflict with nursing faculty and deans' conflict-handling styles. A three-part questionnaire was sent to 257 deans of baccalaureate nursing programs. One hundred sixty-seven deans responded. The findings showed that deans identified two levels of conflict with nursing faculty, and sources of conflict leading to each level. Deans perceived no change in conflict-handling styles in relation to conflict source or perceived effect. In addition, significant relationships were found among conflict-handling modes, conflict sources, and demographic data.
An Interpretive Analysis of Precepting an Unsafe Student
Authors: Rittman Maude R , Osburn Joan
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Precepting students during their senior practicum is often viewed as an opportunity to nurture the next generation of nurses. However, when the student has only marginally passed courses or clinical experiences, precepting may become a difficult and challenging process. Little is known about how preceptors teach students and even less is known about precepting unsafe students. The purpose of this article is to describe a preceptor's journey through a difficult senior practicum experience. A hermeneutic analysis of the preceptor's journal revealed two themes important in precepting the unsafe student: knowing the student and creating possibilities for success. Two aspects of knowing the student included watchful listening and assessing dangerousness. These themes are described and the dilemma of bringing an unsafe nurse into the profession is discussed.
Improving Examination Performance Using Exam Analysis
Authors: Condon Vaneta Mabley , Drew David Eli
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The Exam Analysis is a diagnostic and prescriptive program in which a student and an instructor identify why the student failed to answer specific questions correctly on an examination. Problems related to incorrect answers are then categorized into five problem areas. This analysis is used to develop a plan which will help the student utilize specific skills in order to improve examination performance. This article describes the Exam Analysis program, gives specific information which will enable an instructor to assist a student in completing an Exam Analysis, and discusses the results of a survey in which 105 nursing students evaluated the impact of participating in the program on subsequent examination performance. A large majority of the students surveyed agreed that participation in the Exam Analysis program resulted in improved examination performance. Improved exam-taking skills, better study skills, decreased test anxiety and increased self-confidence were identified as Exam Analysis program outcomes by the students included in the study.
Pain Management Instruction in Nursing Curricula
Authors: Zalon Margarete Lieb
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The persistent problem of inadequate assessment of pain, undermedication for pain by nurses, and reports of nurses themselves that they are unprepared to manage various types of pain provided direction for this study. The purpose was to investigate time allocated to pain content, the nature of the theoretical content and clinical experiences in nursing curricula, and faculty satisfaction with their graduates' preparation for pain management in baccalaureate and associate degree programs. The 80% response rate included 177 associate degree and 174 baccalaureate nursing programs. No significant differences between associate degree and baccalaureate programs for the amount of time allocated to pain content, pharmacological management of pain and nonpharmacological pain relief methods were found. Nonpharmacological methods are introduced to students, but most programs do not provide in-depth instruction. The majority of respondents indicated they were satisfied with their graduates' preparation for pain management, but less satisfied with the amount of time allocated to pain content in the curriculum. Implications for education and research are discussed.
Transcultural Mentoring: An Experience in Perspective Transformation
Authors: Morales-Mann Erlinda T , Higuchi Kathryn A Smith
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This article describes the phases of a transcultural mentoring relationship between Chinese nurses and Canadian nursing professors. Mezirow's adult learning theory of perspective transformation was used to guide this educational experience. An understanding of this learning process sensitized the mentors to the disorienting dilemma and culturally induced behaviors of their protégés. The aims of this article are to provide a description of the mentoring process using Mezirow's framework, describe how this process differed from the traditional mentoring relationship, identify the major factors that influenced the relationship, describe what was learned from the experience and to make recommendations based on the authors' experiences.
Do Clinical Experiences Affect Nursing Students' Attitudes Toward the Elderly?
Authors: Sheffler Sylvia J
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This descriptive study examined nursing students' attitudes toward the elderly pre- and post-clinical experiences in two healthcare settings (nursing home and hospital) and the relationship of knowledge about the elderly to student attitudes. Kogan's Attitude Toward Old People's Scale measured students' attitudes before and after their clinical experiences. In the same way, Palmore's Facts on Aging Quiz assessed the subjects' knowledge about the elderly. A Demographic Data Form collected information on selected variables and a Clinical Data Form collected information on subjects' clinical placement and the ages of their clients. The results of this study indicate that students' attitudes toward the elderly improved regardless of their clinical setting and that there was a positive relationship between knowledge and attitudes. This illustrates that faculty may need to be less concerned about the students' clinical setting and focus more on the addition of gerontological content in the nursing curriculum.
Nursing Students' Opinions on Interpersonal Violence
Authors: Kiner Henrietta P
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This study examines the opinions of professional nursing students toward interpersonal violence and compares their responses to published expert opinion. The subjects included all nursing students enrolled in a selected associate degree program. A questionnaire, consisting of 23 opinion statements and coded to the subject's semester level, was prepared and distributed by the nursing faculty. Using a four point Likert scale, the subjects indicated their intensity of agreement to these statements. Also included were two open-ended questions regarding tie cause and prevention of violence and several inquires of demographic relevance. Frequency distributions were applied to all the responses with further statistical analysis of specific variables done through one-way analysis of variance, T-test, and correlation studies. The results showed a remarkable congruency of student opinion although the variables of ethnicity, previous work experience, being a parent, having a college degree, and age were associated with certain opinion choices. This study suggests that contemporary students enter nursing programs with appreciable educational and work related experiences and at a sophisticated level in regard to cognizance about sociological issues. The author suggests that nursing educators not only make curricular revisions in theory content and its clinical application but also in teaching methodology.
Community Program Planning: A Clinical Outcome
Authors: Kuennen Jackie , Moss Vicki A
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Healthcare reform has affected all aspects of the healthcare system including nursing education. According to Nursing's Agenda for Health Care Reform, a major focus of future care will be in the community. Critical thinking skills are needed to practice effectively in this domain. Critical thinking has been identified by the NLN as an outcome criteria for baccalaureate education. The following community health project was designed to develop this outcome skill of critical thinking.
The Role of Empowerment in Neighborhood-Based Nursing Education
Authors: Gauthier Mary Anne , Matteson Peggy
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

It is a challenge to prepare nursing students for practice in the rapidly changing healthcare arena. A longitudinal clinical education experience, external to tertiary institutions and supportive of lifelong learning, creative and critical thinking is one way to empower students to provide appropriate care within a diverse population and evolving healthcare system. Nursing faculty, nursing students, community providers and neighborhood residents participate as colleagues in a joint venture of assessment, intervention, and learning.
Caring Experiences of Nurse Educators
Authors: Grigsby Karen A , Megel Mary Erickson
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Central to nursing practice today is the theme of caring. Yet nursing faculty are themselves experiencing a lack of caring. Faculty frequently voice the complaint that no one in the school of nursing work environment cares about them as they struggle to balance the demands of work with the demands of a personal life. A descriptive phenomenological approach was used to facilitate understanding of the caring experiences of nurses who teach. The question guiding this study was, "How do nurse educators experience caring in their work situations?" Nomination and purposive sampling techniques were used to select seven nurse faculty as participants. Unstructured interviews, lasting approximately one hour, were audiotaped and transcribed. Colaizzi's (1978) methodology was used to analyze the resulting data. Resulting themes included: 1) Caring is Connection and 2) Caring is a Pattern of Establishing and Maintaining Relationships. The use of narrative, journaling, and dialogue are suggested as techniques that will help nurse educators experience caring in schools of nursing.
Critical Thinking of Beginning Baccalaureate Nursing Students During the First Clinical Nursing Course
Authors: Sedlak Carol A
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The development of critical thinking is an essential component of baccalaureate nursing education and yet little is known about beginning nursing students' critical thinking abilities in making clinical decisions. The purpose of this study was to describe the critical thinking of seven beginning baccalaureate nursing students during their first clinical nursing course. Qualitative methodology using the case study approach was used to describe students' critical thinking from their perspectives. Sources of data for describing students' critical thinking included reflective journal writing, interviews, and the researcher's nonparticipatory lab observations. Paul's (1993) dimensions of reasoning were used as a framework to describe students' critical thinking. Four major themes revealed through the data analysis were: development of the professional self-perspective, development of a perfectionist perspective, development of a caring perspective, and development of a self-directed learning perspective. The descriptive nature of the study indicated that beginning students do indeed think critically. Opportunities for dialogue in a supportive environment are instrumental in facilitating students' critical thinking and growth as reflective practitioners.
Critical Thinking: A Model
Authors: Videbeck Sheila L
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The emphasis on critical thinking in nursing has increased in response to the rapidly changing health care environment. This emphasis is underscored in nursing education by the National League for Nursing (NLN) accreditation process with the inclusion of a required outcome criterion related to the critical thinking abilities of baccalaureate nursing graduates. This article proposes a model and an accompanying process that can provide direction for nurse educators in the development and evaluation of nursing students' critical thinking abilities.
Differences in Classroom Teaching Preferences Between Traditional and Adult BSN Students
Authors: Thompson Cesarina , Sheckley Barry G
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The primary purposes of this study were to identify the best teaching practices for adult baccalaureate (BSN) nursing students and to examine if adult students' teaching preferences differed from those of traditional BSN students. The sample consisted of 206 adult and traditional students in four BSN programs. The adult nursing student sample was further subdivided into two groups: adults with no prior nursing education (adult non-nurses) and adults with prior nursing education (RN's). Using a two-part, selfadministered questionnaire, respondents were asked to rate the frequency with which 41 teaching strategies were used in their best and in their worst classroom learning experiences in nursing. In most cases, adult non-nurses' teaching preferences did not vary significantly from the preferences of traditional students. However, adults with no prior nursing education did show a preference for knowledgeable and organized instructors. In contrast RNs' preferred classroom situations were where time on task was emphasized, cooperative learning was encouraged, and expectations for learning were high. Results indicate that classroom teaching preferences vary as a function of prior experience with the subject matter and are not attributable to age itself. Findings suggest that prior experience with course content is a more important consideration in planning programs than generalized adult experience.
The Preceptor Model of Clinical Instruction: The Lived Experiences of Students, Preceptors, and Faculty-of-Record
Authors: Nehls Nadine , Rather Marsha , Guyette Monica
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The preceptor model of clinical instruction will become increasingly popular due to the cost of undergraduate education, the scholarly demands of research and teaching, and an interest in developing new partnerships among students, clinicians, and teachers. It is quite timely, therefore, that nurse researchers reveal the nature and utility of this instructional model prior to its widespread use. To that end, hermeneutic interviews (N=31) were conducted with senior-level undergraduate nursing students (n=10), staff nurse preceptors (n=11), and master's and PhD-prepared faculty-of-record (n=10). Employing interpretive phenomenology, the authors identified common meanings, relational themes, and a constitutive pattern designated learning nursing thinking. An examination of this pattern and its associated themes may help identify those teaching practices that should be extended and those that should be altered.
NCLEX-RN™: From Job Analysis Study to Examination
Authors: Chornick Nancy L , Wendt Anne L
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN™) is used by boards of nursing in licensure decision making and must be job related and reflect current entry-level nursing practice. This article describes the rigorous process used to develop the licensure examination for registered nurses.
A Five-Year Study of Graduates' Performance on NCLEX-RN™
Authors: Alexander Judith E , Brophy Gail Howard
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A 5-year study of graduates' performance on NCLEX-RN was conducted using data from July 1988 through February 1994. This time frame related to the "new" test plan introduced in 1988 with pass/fail results for NCLEX analysis. Using a quota sampling technique of 188 graduates, selected admission and curriculum variables and National League for Nursing (NLN) Comprehensive Achievement Test scores were studied in relationship to NCLEX-RN examination results. The strongest indicators of success were SAT verbal scores, nursing grade point average, and NLN Comprehensive Achievement Test scores. In addition, logistic regression analyses identified three nursing courses in combination with the NLN Comprehensive Achievement Test score as a strong model for prediction. Even though pass/fail data limit statistical analyses, the predictor variables were strong at P=0.0001. These findings are consistent with prior studies.
Critical Thinking and Clinical Competence: A Study of Their Relationship in BSN Seniors
Authors: May Barbara A , Edell Vivian , Butell Sue , Doughty Jana , Langford Cheryl
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

National nursing organizations and nurses in the workplace identify critical thmking skills as essential to competent nursing practice. This study sets out to test the relationship between critical thinking skills and clinical competence because it seems that competent practice depends on critical thinking abilities. This study focuses on one school of nursing's response to the challenge of denning and measuring critical thinking and clinical competence and examining their relationship. An exploratory nonexperimental design was used with a heterogeneous sample consisting of two graduating nursing classes (N = 143). While the group of participants was able to think critically and practice competently according to set standards, there were no statistically significant correlations between critical thinking and clinical competence total scores. One conclusion for these findings is that critical thinking may not emerge as an associated factor with clinical competence until some time after nursing students become practicing nurses.
Evaluation of Critical Thinking in a Baccalaureate Nursing Program
Authors: McCarthy Patricia , Schuster Pamela , Zehr Pearl , McDougal Diane
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The assessment of critical thinking traditionally has been accomplished through observation of students by faculty in clinical settings and evaluation of written patient assessments and care plans. Quantitative measurement has become a current focus of nurse educators. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to compare and contrast critical thinking abilities in beginning and graduating nursing students using the California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST) and the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI). The CCTST revealed a significant difference in critical thinking from the sophomore year to the senior year. There also were significant differences between sophomores end seniors on the overall score for the CCTDI, with subtest differences in truth-seeking, analyticity, self-confidence, and inquieitiveneee.
Construct Validation of the Transcultural Self-Efficacy Tool
Authors: Jeffreys Marianne R , Smodlaka Ivan
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The study was designed to further validate the Transcultural Self-Efficacy Tool (TSET) by identifying: (a) the presence and growth in transcultural self-efficacy (TSE) perceptions over time, and (b) select demographic variables influencing differences in TSE percepts among student groups. The TSET was administered to 566 culturally diverse students enrolled as first-semester (novice) students or fourth-semester (advanced) students in undergraduate nursing programs. The results supported the conclusion that TSE is a dynamic construct that changes over time and is influenced by previous health care experience and education. This was evidenced in the different ratings of self-perceptions between novice and advanced students on the three TSET subscales: cognitive, practical, and affective. Gender, age, ethnicity, and income were not significant predictors on any of the subscales. The results supported a change in the expected direction on several scores, thus providing an estimate of construct validity. Implications for further research and applications are discussed.
Information Literacy in an Undergraduate Nursing Curriculum: Development, Implementation, and Evaluation
Authors: Verhey Marilyn P
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

With the increasing complexity of nursing practice and health care delivery, developing information literacy in students for lifelong learning is a vital element of nursing education. The San Francisco State University School of Nursing has developed, implemented, and evaluated an integrated program of information literacy in its undergraduate curriculum. The curriculum strand includes a variety of instructional strategies woven through all semesters of the nursing program. To evaluate the information literacy program, an exploratory descriptive approach was taken using two different cohorts of students. Baseline testing prior to implementation of the information literacy program and posttesting after implementation of the program revealed selected positive occurrences in students' use of bibliographic databases and journal literature. However, students did not perceive they were more successful in accessing information, and faculty assessment of students' ability to evaluate information did not change from 1992 to 1996. These and other evaluation findings have implications for the development of an information literacy curriculum and its integration with other facets of student learning.
Data-Driven Graduate Curriculum Redesign: A Case Study
Authors: Meeker Patricia B , Byers Jacqueline F
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This article discusses the use of Knowles' adult learning theory as the framework for a curriculum redesign within the leadership and management track of a master's of science in nursing program. Health care executives within the university service area were surveyed regarding their organizational needs for advanced practice nurses. A second survey was mailed to a sampling of all RNs in the university service area. In response to perceived community needs, the curriculum of the leadership and management track was redesigned to allow for role specialization within the program. In addition, the university has an infrastructure to support distance learning and an experienced staff able to support distributive learning, providing wide geographical access to students in distant locations.
Using Gaming to Help Nursing Students Understand Ethics
Authors: Metcalf Barbara L , Yankou Dawn
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The authors developed an ethics game that uses specially designed ethical situations for students to consider. Two studente argue a course of action based on the scenario and defend that action using content discussed in class. Substantive issues include decision-making models, values as they pertain to the situation, professional responsibilities, ethical principles, social expectations, and legal requirements. Points are awarded based on how compelling each argument is. All students have an opportunity to participate. The benefits of using the game are that students gain confidence in their ability to defend an ethical decision, are able to see ethical situations from more than one perspective, and have an opportunity to clarify values. In addition, ethical principles and decision-making models are brought to life in a fun way. Difficulties involved in using the game include class size and limited time between the students learning course content and using it in the game.
Seeing the Forest for the Trees: A Qualitative Synthesis Project
Authors: Beck Cheryl Tatano
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Although qualitative studies are increasing in the discipline of nursing, their clinical application and knowledge development will be impeded unless the rich understandings revealed in these individual studies can he synthesized. Meta-synthesis is an invaluable method for accumulating knowledge from individual qualitative studies. This article describes a project focusing on qualitative synthesis that the author required her nursing students in a graduate-level research course to complete. In addition, qualitative meta-synthesis is defined, and its benefits are discussed. Then, Noblit and Hare's approach for synthesizing qualitative studies is described. The remainder of the article is devoted to explaining the actual course project and students' evaluation of the project. The benefits of having graduate students conduct a meta-synthesis are many, and as one student shared, "It was a wonderful, very interesting, and challenging way to teach us."
A Problem-Based Learning Trial on the Internet Involving Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Choi Heejung
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This article describes the application of a nursing educational program developed on the basis of problembased learning (PBL) and Internet technology, and reports student satisfaction and perceived learning effectiveness. This study was conducted in two phases - the development of a Web-based educational program and the application of this program using PBL strategies to teach undergraduate nursing students. The results showed this program was an effective method of delivering PBL to nursing students and the interaction between tutors and students influenced student satisfaction and learning effectiveness.
Web-Based Testing Procedure for Nursing Students
Authors: Gilmer Mary Jo , Murley Jerry , Kyzer Emily
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Web-based testing has been used to assess achievement of course objectives in a nursing school. Initial logistical challenges were met with collaboration and problem solving. Students and faculty reported satisfaction with Web-based testing.
Performance Improvement in Higher Education: Adapting a Model from Health Care Agencies
Authors: Anderson Patsy , Cuellar Norma , Rich Karen
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Because a nationwide nursing shortage continues to affect consumers of nursing education, it is currently more important than ever for nurse educators to continue to define and evaluate the quality of their programs. The authors propose that a model used by an industry leader in health care accreditation, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, can be adapted to evaluate the quality of nursing programs. This model is improvement oriented and data driven, targeting program functions and processes, rather than being problem focused.
Normal Saccadic Velocities
Authors: Raab Edward L
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Although it is desirable that each laboratory establish its own normal values, this study examines the comparability of results obtained in two different laboratories with the Tracoustics RV-275 recorder. Twenty neurologically normal subjects, ages 8 to 32 years, with no history of strabismus or ocular muscle surgery, were studied. Horizontal saccades of 20 degrees across the midline, with fixation by the recorded and by the non-recorded eye, were observed. Peak velocity determinations distributed normally and ranged from 281 to 541 (mean and SD = 393 ± 50) degr/sec. Mean velocities recorded during non-fixation were similar to those recorded during fixation. Based on these results, a twenty degree peak horizontal saccadic velocity of less than 300 degr/sec using this equipment is highly likely to be abnormally slow, irrespective of antagonist or symmetric movement comparisons; the latter cannot be relied on in cases of bilateral or multiple rotation abnormalities. The recording sequence may influence antagonist and symmetric pair comparisons.
Are Anisometropia and Amblyopia Common in Duane's Syndrome?
Authors: Tredici Tomas D , von Noorden Gunter K
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Seventy cases of Duane's syndrome are summarized with particular attention to the prevalence of anisometropia and amblyopia. We found a 17% prevalence of anisometropia and a 3% prevalence of amblyopia among these patients. Amblyopia and anisometropia are not more common in Duane's syndrome than in the general population.
Consecutive Accommodative Esotropia
Authors: Raab Edward L
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This paper reports nine patients who developed accommodative esotropia following correction of intermittent exotropia. Eight cases originally were exotropic; one was exotropic secondary to previous surgery for nonaccommodative esotropia. All had the pattern of "divergence excess." In seven patients recession of both lateral recti had been performed in conventional amounts; one case had a recession/resection procedure, and one case recession of the lateral recti followed by resection of the medial recti. In all cases the consecutive accommodative esotropia included an abnormally high distance/near relationship. All were controlled by appropriate optical or drug treatment, and six cases deteriorated later. Surgical overcorrection was not a prominent contributing factor. Preoperative occlusion and/ or the +3.00 D test would not have predicted the persistence of the high distance/near relationship. There were no other obvious indicators of this complication.
Frequency of Naturally Occurring Strabismus in Monkeys
Authors: Kiorpes Lynne , Boothe Ronald G , Carlson Melvin R , BS Dalia Alfie
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A colony of Macaca nemestrina monkeys was screened for naturally occurring strabismus. Thirteen cases of naturally occurring strabismus were documented, 12 esotropes and one exotrope. The characteristics of the strabismus in these monkeys were similar to those of human clinical cases. Four of the affected monkeys showed interocular differences in grating acuity. We estimated the incidence of strabismus in the monkey colony to be 4%.
A Controlled Study of Silver Nitrate Prophylaxis and the Incidence of Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
Authors: Hick John F , Block Diane J , Ilstrup Duane M
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The caustic property of silver nitrate prompted a doubleblind, controlled study of a possible causal relationship between use of the agent for prophylaxis against ophthalmic infection in the newborn and the subsequent development of nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Follow-up of 145 newborns randomized either to 1% silver nitrate prophylaxis or to 1% tetracycline prophylaxis revealed no statistically significant difference in the incidence of nasolacrimal duct obstruction between the two groups at either two weeks or two months of age. It is concluded that silver nitrate prophylaxis does not predispose to nasolacrimal duct obstruction in the newborn.
Congenital Eyelid Eversion With Orbicularis Spasm
Authors: Raab Edward L , Saphir Richard L
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Eversion of the lids at birth is a rare condition of debated etiology. It has been attributed most frequently to birth trauma or to congenital lid hypotonia. Most reported cases have been treated by immediate taping of the lids or by surgery (tarsorraphy, intermarginal sutures, and/or plastic procedures). A prominent association with Down's syndrome has been noted. We report a normal infant, born by Caesarean section, with bilateral upper eyelid eversion which subsided spontaneously after treatment only with lubricants. A prominent spastic ectropion component was observed. Lid laxity appeared to be an effect rather than a cause of the eversion, and disappeared as the condition improved. Management should take into account the duration of total occlusion caused by this abnormality.
Abolition of Feeding Intolerance Following Ophthalmologic Examination of Neonates
Authors: Hermansen Marcus C , Hasan Shirin
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Administration of mydriatic medication and ophthalmologic examination have previously been associated with feeding intolerance, characterized by large retained gastric aspirates and abdominal distention. In an attempt to eliminate this problem, we instituted a policy of withholding feedings for four hours following ophthalmologic examination. A prospective series of 50 consecutive patients was then followed to determine the incidence of feeding intolerance 24 hours prior to and 24 hours following the examination. All infants had received cyclopentolate hydrochloride and phenylephrine hydrochloride prior to the examination. A critical review of the nursing notes revealed no increased incidence in feeding intolerance during the 24-hour period following examination. There were no cases of necrotizing enterocolitis during either period. This study provides evidence that the incidence of feeding intolerance following ophthalmologic examinations might be reduced by withholding feeding for four hours after the examinations.
Spontaneous Corneal Perforation and Extrusion of Intraocular Contents in Premature Infants
Authors: Bachynski Brian N , Andreu Roberto , Flynn John R
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Unilateral spontaneous corneal perforation with expulsion of intraocular contents is reported in two very small, high risk premature neonates. The one surviving infant demonstrated unilateral microphthalmos with aphakia and a small leukoma. The cause of this phenomenon is not clear, and measures which might be taken to prevent its occurrence are not obvious.
Binocular Polaroid Test
Authors: Nuzzi Giuseppe
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A test is presented for the detection of small suppression scotomas in strabismic and in anisometropic patients. Three small light-spots (the central is polarized) are viewed through Polaroid filters placed in front of the eyes. This arrangement produces the perception of the central spot only from one eye, but normal fusion provides the perception of three light-spots. Complete suppression of the central light indicates the presence of a scotoma in the binocular visual field. An inhibition scotoma in the nondominant eye was found in all cases of small angle esotropia and of anisometropic amblyopia.
Infantile Esotropia: Results in the Neurologic Impaired and "Normal" Child at NCMH (Six Years)/DISCUSSION
Authors: Holman Ronald E , Merritt John C , Biglan Albert W
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Charts of all infantile esotropes who received their primary surgical procedure at the North Carolina Memorial Hospital, between February 1978 and June 1984 were reviewed. Neurologic problems (general and ocular) were identified in 29 of the 47 patients (61.7%) followed a minimum three months (x = 25.0 ± 2.9 mos). Frequent general neurologic problems were prematurity, hydrocephalus, mental retardation, cerebral palsy, meningomyelocele, intraventricular hemorrhage, and seizures (neonatal and/or postnatal). Abducens nerve palsy was the most common ocular neurologic impairment. Neurologic impaired esotropes were older (x = 31.9 ± 3.8 mos) than the "normal" group (x = 17.0 ± 3.3 mos) at the time of surgery. Recession/resection procedures were performed on 13 (44.8%) of the neurologically impaired and nine (50.0%) of the normal esotropes. Bimedial recessions were employed on 12 (41.4%) of the patients with neurologic problems and seven (38.8%) of the normal esotropes. Unilateral medial recessions and/or inferior oblique recessions were performed on six patients. At last follow-up, orthophoria (± 10Δ) was present in 16 (55.2%) neurologically impaired patients and 15 (83.3%) normal esotropes (p<0.05 by the normal deviate (z) test). Seven (24.1%) neurologically impaired patients had residual esotropia, while consecutive exotropia was present in six (20.7%) patients. Among normal esotropes, residual esotropia was found in one patient and consecutive exotropia in two (11.1%) patients. DVD's occurred in nine patients while four subjects developed a postoperative accommodative component.
Reliability and Variability in the Measurement of Interlimbal Distance With a Semiautomated Video Replay Analysis System (SAVRAS)
Authors: Lingua Robert W , Azen Stanley P , Doiron Dan , Egge Alan , Levin Lori , Emry Jeanne Kordic , Baker Sherryl
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This paper reports on the reliability and variability of a semi-automated, video replay and analysis system (SAVRAS) in determining interlimbal distance in patients with strabismus. Factors under investigation were: choice of observer, choice of video frame, patient age and patient state (awake or anesthetized). It was demonstrated that SAVRAS was a highly reliable and reproducible system. This system is currently in use to evaluate the relationship between the succinylcholine induced ocular position, under anesthesia, and the postoperative awake alignment.
Intraocular Pressure Variation During Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Pe'er Jacob , Drenger Benjamin , BenEzra David
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The changes in IOP during strabismus surgery were studied in 40 patients. In most, 37 eyes, there was a marked decrease of IOP during surgery and rapid return to initial levels of IOP. In 13 out of 14 eyes that underwent bilateral surgery, the IOP in the first operated eye returned to about baseline levels by the end of surgery on the second eye. No correlation was found between the changes in IOP and: the type of surgery, the operated muscles, the duration of surgery and anesthesia, or the patients' age. We surmise that the decrease of IOP is probably associated with the intensity of the massage of the globe during the surgery.
Unusual Variant of Familial Aniridia
Authors: Hamming Nancy A , Miller Marilyn T , Rabb Maurice
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A woman and her two children had apparent dominantly inherited ocular abnormalities including aniridia, ptosis, nystagmus, corneal pannus, persistent pupillary membrane, lenticular opacities, and foveal hypoplasia.

A broad spectrum of iris abnormalities was observed: the daughter had aniridia with persistent pupillary membrane strands traversing the anterior lens capsule; the iris of the mother and son had a velvety surface with no detailed crypts, but did have some persistent pupillary membrane tags extending from the collarette. All three family members had moderately severe bilateral ptosis, pendular nystagmus, corneal pannus, and visual acuity of 20/200.

Several systemic abnormalities also were noted, including obesity and mental retardation in the two children, and alopecia, cardiac abnormalities, and frequent spontaneous abortion in the mother. Family history indicated that the children's maternal grandmother also had similar ocular findings.

We believe that this constellation of findings represents a rare, apparently dominant, variant of aniridia.
Adjustable Suture Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Keech Ronald V , Scott William E , Christensen Laurie E
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We examined 333 patients between the ages of 11 and 70 years who underwent strabismus surgery with adjustable sutures over a ten-year period. The type of strabismus, the number and amount of adjustments, the postoperative drift, and complications were evaluated. A large percentage of patients required adjustment to obtain the desired postoperative position. The postoperative drift patterns were characteristic for each type of preoperative deviation and were similar to that reported for nonadjustable procedures. Adjustable suture techniques were especially helpful in selected horizontal deviations, vertical deviations, and the more complex strabismus problems. The complications from adjustable suture operations in this series were minimal.
Myelinated Nerve Fibers, Axial Myopia, and Refractory Amblyopia: An Organic Disease
Authors: Ellis George S , Frey Thomas , Gouterman Randi Z
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Six patients with the syndrome of myelinated nerve fibers, high axial myopia, and refractory amblyopia were studied with particular emphasis on their sensory status. Ocular examination included keratometry, B-scan ultrasonography, measurement of axial lengths, and fundus photography. Sensory testing included visual fields, photostress testing, and neutral density filter visual acuities. Electrophysiological testing was also performed on some patients. Our findings suggest an organic etiology for the poor vision, although all patients had superimposed functional amblyopia as well. We suggest that myelination about the macula is the most likely cause of this poor vision and that the myelination, in some way, may have stimulated the development of the high myopia.
Adie's Syndrome as a Cause of Amblyopia
Authors: Agbeja A M , Dutton G N
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Adie's syndrome comprises a tonic pupil, which may be associated with impairment of accommodation, in the presence of diminished or absent deep tendon reflexes. We report a case of a 4-year-old boy with Adie's syndrome in which latent hypermetropia was made manifest by accommodative paresis and resulted in reversible amblyopia.