bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ataerkil Kültürde Boşanmış Kadın Olmak: Kuramsal Bir Bakış
Authors: Varışlı Berfin
Published: November 2021

Ataerkil kültür toplumun en küçük yapıtaşı olarak gördüğü aile kurumunu kutsamaktadır. Boşanmak, aile birliğin ve dahası toplumun düzeninin bozulması anlamına geldiğinden ataerkil kültürde istenmeyen bir durumdur. Ataerkil toplumlarda kadının boşanması ve erkeğin boşanması arasında fark vardır. Boşanmış kadın başta ekonomik olmak üzere sosyal ve kültürel pek çok sorunla başa çıkmak zorunda kalmaktadır, yoksullaşmaktadır ve dışlanmaktadır. Bir başka deyişle boşanmış kadın ataerkil kültürde damgalanmaktadır. Ataerkil kültür, erkek egemenliğini yücelttiği için bu kültürde boşanmış kadının yaşadığı sorunları boşanmış erkeğin yaşadığı söylenemez. Erkek, aksine boşandığında özgürleşmekte, eğer isterse kendine kolayca yeni bir yaşam kurarak yeniden evlenebilmektedir. Ancak kadının kendine yeni bir yaşam kurması ve/ya da yeniden evlenmesi ataerkil kültürde güçtür. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı ataerkil kültürde boşanmış kadının durumunu feminist kuram temelinde tartışmaktır. Bu amaca ulaşmak için öncelikle tarihsel ve teorik bir bakış açısıyla “ataerkillik”, “erkeklikler”, “kadınlıklar” ve “boşanma” kavramları üzerinde durulmuştur. Daha sonra Erving Goffman’ın “Damga Kuramı” ışığında boşanmış kadının ataerkil kültürdeki yeri ve karşı karşıya kaldığı zorluklar irdelenmiştir.
Kadın Bedeninin Toplumsal Cinsiyet Temelinde İnşası Yoluyla Dezavantaj Yaratan N
Authors: Okumuşoğlu Sultan
Published: November 2021

Toplumsal cinsiyet kavramı sosyal bir inşa olarak tarif edilmektedir. Dolayısıyla toplumsal cinsiyetin, paylaşılan baskın normlar, sosyal söylemler, yapıştırılmış anlamlandırmalar ve sayısız ilgili inanışlar gibi çoklu faktör ve etkilerle yönetilen bir sosyal inşa şeklinde kavramsallaştırılabileceği ifadesi yaygın kabul görmektedir. Buna göre kadın bedenininin de sözü edilen çoklu faktörlerle/etkilerle belirlenen ve yönetilen bir sosyal inşa olarak kabul edilebileceği açıktır. Bu çalışmada, ilgili literatürden yola çıkılarak -toplumsal cinsiyet temelindeki dezavantajlı görünümlerden sadece bir tanesi olan-, “görünüm” normlarının, diğer bir ifadeyle “görünüm kültürünün” kadınlarda daha yüksek yeme bozukluğu eğilimleriyle ve hatta psikopatolojiler ile ilişkisi ele alınmakta, konu çeşitli açılardan tartışılmaktadır.
SOSYOLOJİK ELEŞTİRİ KURAMI BAĞLAMINDA ÇAĞDAŞ RUS EDEBİYATININ İNŞASI VE KADIN Y
Authors: SÜTCÜ GÜNEŞ
Published: November 2021

Rus edebiyatı, 26 Aralık 1991 tarihinden itibaren yeni bir evreye girer. Sovyetler Birliği’nin dağılmasının ardından kadınlar, sosyal ve iktisadi olarak birtakım haklar elde ederler. Yeni kurulan Rusya Federasyonu’nda çağdaş Rus edebiyatının şekillenmesinde etkili olan çok sayıda sanatsal eser resmi olarak yayımlanır. Bu durumun ortaya çıkmasında dönemin önde gelen kadın yazarların aralarında güçlü bir dayanışma yaratmaları ve edebi eserlerin yayımlanma sürecinde yayınevlerinin üstlendikleri işlevsel rol etkili olur. Gerek sosyo-kültürel gerek edebi açıdan kadın yazarların yazına sağladıkları katkının yavaş yavaş yeni boyutlar kazanarak eleştirmenlerin ayrı bir inceleme alanı haline geldiği anlaşılmaktadır. Bu duruma bağlı olarak kadın yazarların kaleme aldıkları eserlerin “damskaya literatura” (kadın edebiyatı), “jenskaya literatura” (kadın edebiyatı), “drugaya proza” (farklı bir düzyazı sanatı) gibi farklı söz dizimleriyle tanımlandığı görülmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, çağdaş Rus edebiyatının oluşum ve gelişim sürecinde kadın yazarların oynadığı rolün önemini vurgulamaktır. Bu çerçevede Sovyet döneminde ve sonrasında yaşanan sosyo-kültürel durumların çağdaş Rus edebiyatına etkilerine değinilecek, aynı zamanda sosyolojik eleştiri kuramı bağlamında kadın yazarların etkin olmalarını sağlayan faktörler ortaya konulacaktır. Elde edilen veriler ışığında kadın yazarların çağdaş Rus edebiyatına sağladıkları katkılar örneklerle sunulmaya çalışılmıştır.
"Tomiris Efsanesi" Filminin Göstergebilimsel Çözümlemesi
Authors: Koca Ergün
Published: November 2021

Sinema, hareketli resimlerin birbiri ardına sıralanmasıyla oluşturulan bir anlam üretme aracıdır. Görsel ve işitsel ögelerin birleşmesiyle oluşturulan kurgusal öyküler, göstergeler aracılığıyla bir dil oluştururlar. Sinema kullandığı bu göstergelerle düz anlam bakımından bir yandan gerçeği olanca açıklığıyla yansıtırken, diğer yandan da yan anlam bakımından çağrışım, gönderme, kültürel kodları öne çıkarma ve anlamlandırma yönüyle görünenin ardındaki görünmeyenleri de anlatan bir dile sahiptir.
Ortak Türk tarihinin en önemli kesitlerinden olan Saka dönemini ve dönemin fenomen karakteri Tomris’in halkı için verdiği özgürlük ve var olma mücadelesini anlatan “The Legend Of Tomiris (Tomris Efsanesi)” filmi, hem Kazak sinemasının dev bir prodüksiyonu hem de güçlü görüntüsel ve işitsel göstergeleriyle, mekan ve zamanın diliyle, kültürel kodlarıyla, çağrışım ve göndermeleriyle, imgesel altyapısıyla, dizi ve dizimindeki seçkisiyle, düz anlam ve yan anlam düzlemiyle Kazak yedinci sanatının baş yapıtı özelliğini taşımaktadır.
Filmde, M.Ö. 6. yüzyılda yaşayan Türk tarihinin en büyük kadın savaşçısı Saka / İskit Türklerinin Başbuğu Tomris Hatun’un hayatı ve mücadeleleri anlatılmaktadır. Özellikle Pers Kralı II. Kyros’u bozguna uğrattığı savaşla dünya tarihinde önemli bir konum edinmiş olan Tomris Hatun’un hayatının senaryolaştırılıp, kurgulanıp başta Türk dünyası olmak üzere tüm dünyaya sunulması önemli bir kültürel aktarımdır.
Bu yaklaşımlarla, kadının Türk tarihindeki yeri ve değerinin de vurgulandığı bu çalışmada “Tomiris” filminin, F. de Saussure’nin gösterge anlayışı ve Roland Barthes’in anlamlandırma yöntemi temel alınarak göstergebilimsel çözümlemesi ve anlamlandırması yapılmıştır.
Türk-Türkmen Atasözlerinde Gelin-Kaynana İlişkisi ve Algısı
Authors: Çakır Ramazan
Published: November 2021

Atasözleri, zengin kültürel mirası, değer yargılarını, milli-manevi birikimleri yansıtan; özgün, etkileyici, derin anlamlar içeren kalıp sözlerdir. Bu sözler, birey-toplum arasında sağlıklı bir iletişimin kurulmasını ve devamlılığını sağlar. Atasözleri, sözlü geleneğimizin yaygınlaşmasında ve kültürel mirasın aktarılmasında önemli bir yere sahiptir.
Toplumun cinsiyetler için biçtiği roller toplumsal hafıza olan atasözlerine de yansımıştır. Türk atasözlerinin cinsiyet algısının aile ekseninde ‘kadın’ üzerinde temellendiği görülür. Cinsiyet bakımından Türk atasözleri incelendiğinde, 1109 tane atasözü bulunmuştur. Bunların 507 tanesi kadın kökenli akrabalık bildirirken, 367 tanesi erkek akrabalık bildirmekte, 235 tanesi ise nötr(etkisiz) akrabalık bildiren adları içerisinde barındırmaktadır. Türk atasözlerine cinsiyet açısından bakıldığında kadınlarla ilgili daha çok atasözünün olduğu gözlemlenmektedir. Kadının, eş dolayısı ile akrabalık ilişkilerinin toplumda daha güçlü olduğu görülmektedir. Kadınların ilişki ağı büyük ölçüde gelin-kaynana, elti-görümce etrafında şekillenmektedir.
Bu çalışma üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde Türk-Türkmen atasözlerinde işlenen gelin ve gelin kızlara bakış algısı; ikinci bölümde Türk-Türkmen atasözlerinde işlenen kaynana ve kayın validelere olumlu-olumsuz bakış algısı; üçüncü bölümde ise Türk-Türkmen atasözlerinde işlenen gelin-kaynana ilişkisi ve toplumun gelin-kaynanaya olumlu-olumsuz bakış algısı örnekleriyle açıklanmış ve kendi içinde sınıflandırılarak yeni bulgulara ulaşılmış ve nitel verilere dayanarak bir çözümleme yapılmıştır.
Bu çalışmada, iki kardeş dil olan Türkmen Türkçesi ile Türkiye Türkçesinde yer alan atasözlerinde işlenen gelin ve kaynana arasındaki olumlu-olumsuz ilişkiler, algılar ve benzerlikler örnekleriyle tespit edilmek suretiyle Türk-Türkmen toplumunda gelin-kaynana özelinde kadına bakışı ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Bir halk bilimci bakışıyla atasözlerindeki kadın ve gelin-kaynana algısı ele alınmıştır.
Research on hot cracks and microstructure of Inconel 100 by laser micromelting repairing
Authors: Zhou Xinyi , Wei Yunfeng , Song Qingsong , Shen Yifu
Published: November 2021

Laser micromelting repairing by laser cladding is a promising method for repairing difficult-to-weld materials. In this paper, Inconel 100 is used as the substrate and Inconel 718 is served as the filling powders to perform cladding repairs with no cracks under different laser powers (P) and scanning speeds (V). At present, the morphology of the repaired layer, the cause of crack formation, microstructure, and microhardness are studied, and the thermal-structure simulation is also conducted. The results show that the reason for crack formation is related to temperature gradient, cooling rate, thermal stress, and precipitates around the crack, and the microstructure also presents a large number of dendrites at this time. The precipitates in the repaired layer represent a typical phenomenon of segregation. The microhardness of the crack-free repaired layer decreases with the increase in V, up to 335HV0.1.
Norsk støtte til FNs totalforbud mot atomvåpen?
Authors: Fjærtoft Torgeir E.
Published: November 2021

FNs totalforbud mot atomvåpen er innlysende riktig. Forpliktelsene går neppe lenger enn Ikkespredningsavtalen, som Norge sluttet seg til allerede i 1970. Avskrekking med atomvåpen forutsetter at de må være klare til bruk for å bli umulige å bruke. Særlig i kriser blir en slik tankegang lett farlig fordi den kan utløse atomkrig ved misforståelser. Likevel er den norske regjeringens motstand mot FNs totalforbud rasjonell fordi hensikten er å forebygge en endring i oppfatning om maktbalanse som kunne undergrave Norges selvstendighet. Spørsmålet blir derfor om risiko for atomkrig kan reduseres uten å øke fare for press, og i verste fall angrep? Artikkelen presenterer egen forskning om hvordan konfrontasjonen i første halvdel av 1980-tallet mellom de to tyske stater førte til risiko for storkrig utløst av gjensidige misforståelser på begge sider av det daværende jernteppet. Teorier om tankeprosesser forklarer misforståelsene som universelle kognitive begrensninger. Forholdene i dag er på vesentlige punkter sammenliknbare med første halvdel av 1980-årene, da det på tross av spenninger likevel var rom for initiativ til felles sikkerhet. Artikkelen konkluderer derfor med at Norge bør slutte seg til FNs totalforbud mot atomvåpen, og sammen med Sverige ta initiativ til en felleseuropeisk dialog med Russland om en europeisk sikkerhetsordning bygd på forestillinger om felles sikkerhet.
Abstract in English:Norwegian Support for the UN’s Total Ban on Nuclear Weapons?The article argues that while the UN ban on nuclear arms is obviously sensible, the Norwegian Government’s objections are still rational. Rejecting the US nuclear arms umbrella undermines deterrence to the degree that is the perception. The article sets out how cognitive processes determine perceptions of deterrence and risks of war. Shifting nuclear strategies are attempts to cope with the contradiction between deterrence and the inherent impossible choice of nuclear war. The Cold War in the first half of the 1980s shows how nuclear arms, though intended as deterrence, in a confrontation may be misperceived as a looming attack. This misperception almost caused nuclear war by inadvertence, as it could again. The fear of attack may prompt a compelling sense of urgency for a preemptive strike. This is the only real risk of large-scale war in Europe. Therefore, the Norwegian Government should join the UN ban on nuclear arms to reduce tensions in Europe. In a joint initiative with Sweden, which has already endorsed the ban, Norway should persuade other European states to enable a political process with Russia towards a European common security without the looming threat of nuclear arms. Military force should not exceed the minimum required to block intimidation, coercion, and low-intensity aggression.
Fra impuls til konseptuell idé i egenskapt barneteater – En hermeneutisk prosess i samspill mellom barn og kunstnere
Authors: Rønningen Lene Helland
Published: November 2021

This article is about the initial phases in devised theatre for children, and examines how children can be included in the creative process. In a musical theatre project for kindergarten children, a group of students developed a performance in close dialogue with reference groups of children. Gadamer’s concept of fusion of horizons is essential. The meeting of horizons – between students’ and children’s ideas and the source material – is crucial for the development of a conceptual idea for target groups. This is possible through a continuous dialogue between the students’ ideas and the children’s input, so that meaning is progressively created in hermeneutic circles between them.
Hva settes i spill når ledere i kulturskolen planlegger elevenes timeplaner? Om en rhizomatisk forståelse av organisasjonen kulturskole og hvordan en slik forståelse kan berike kulturskolens samarbeid med andre aktører
Authors: Hauen Mali , Emstad Anne Berit
Published: November 2021

This article presents a study that has examined the factors that come into play when “kulturskolen” sets its timetable for teaching. The findings indicate that kulturskolen must relate to internal considerations such as aspects concerning cooperation on pupils, teachers, localities and locations, but also external considerations such as political documents and interpretation of the Norwegian Education Act. To discuss the complexity that emerges in the analyzes, we look at the data material in the light of the philosophers Deleuze and Guattari (1988) and Rosi Braidotti (2013). We argue that the complexity taken into account when scheduling timetables is describing a certain understanding of kulturskolen as an organization. Kulturskolen is understood as a rhizome, and the complexity propels the school forward in constant evolution. This complexity is also important when kulturskolen is to collaborate with others. If kulturskolen is to collaborate well with compulsory schools, the complexity presents some challenges. Where kulturskolen can be described as a web of various influencial factors, we find compulsory schools better regulated and perhaps more linear, with clear requirements for learning goals and skills in the curriculum for basic education (Kunnskapsdepartementet, 2017). We believe there is a missed opportunity for collaboration when seeing kulturskolen in a rhizomatic context.
Aksiologi Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Manfaatnya Bagi Manusia
Authors: Rosnawati Rosnawati , Ahmad Syukri Ahmad Syukri , Badarussyamsi Badarussyamsi , Ahmad Fadhil Rizki Ahmad Fadhil Rizki
Published: November 2021

This article discusses the nature of the axiology of science and its benefits for humans. Axiology is part of the philosophy of science that questions how humans use their knowledge. So what is to be achieved from axiology is the nature and benefits contained in a knowledge. Axiology is a science that talks about the goals of science itself. So axiology is a science that studies the true nature and benefits of knowledge and actually science is not in vain if we can use it as well as possible for the benefit of humans in general. The formulation of the problem raised is how the nature of axiology, science and benefits for humans. The substance of science is very dependent on its benefits, because it is very worrying and dangerous if science which is full of negative charges is controlled by irresponsible people. The basic goal is to find the truth of the existing facts or wherever possible there is certainty of scientific truth. This paper describes the functions and uses of science that has provided the greatest benefit to human life, where science is an important instrument in every development process as an effort to realize the benefit of human life entirely. Science can be used as a means to improve the standard of living of humans and their welfare by focusing on nature and dignity for the benefit of humans.
Filsafat dan Sejarah Perkembangan Ilmu
Authors: Mariyah Siti , Syukri Ahmad , Badarussyamsi Badarussyamsi , Fadhil Rizki Ahmad
Published: November 2021

Philosophy is a science that is extensive, meaning that it is closely related to our daily lives. In fact, it can be said that philosophy is the driving force of our daily lives as individuals and as collective human beings in the form of a society or nation. Bertrand Russell explained that “between theology and science lies in a no man's land. This area is under attack by both theology and science. This no man's land is called "philosophy". Philosophy is said to be the "matter scientiarum" which is the mother of all sciences. Everyone who wants to learn the meaning of life must know the science of philosophy. Dr. Surajiyo in his book "An Introduction to Philosophy" stated that "philosophizing is nothing but living thinking and thinking deeply about life (living thought and thoughtful living). Philosophy of science is not just a methodology or procedure for writing scientific papers. Philosophy of science is a philosophical reflection of the nature of science that will not recognize a stopping point in reaching the target to be achieved, namely truth and reality. Understanding the philosophy of science means understanding the intricacies of science so that the most basic aspects and joints, to understand the perspective of science, the possibility of its development, and the interrelationships between branches of science with one another It can be concluded that philosophy is a science that studies seriously the nature of the truth of all things. Science is a method of thinking objectively in describing and giving meaning to the real world and has principles to organize and systematize. The indicators of science are: Accumulative, the truth is not absolute, objective. There are six phases of scientific development, including; Pre-Ancient Greece Phase, Ancient Greek Phase, Medieval Age Phase, Renaissance Age phase, Modern era phase, and the last Contemporary Age phase
Science and the Necessity of Faith: Notes on “Appendix to the Transcendental Dialectic”
Authors: Kim Min Seong
Published: November 2021

Apropos Kant’s discussion of scientific practice in the section of the first Critique entitled “Appendix to the Transcendental Dialectic,” there has long been a tendency in Anglophone Kant scholarship to downplay the role of God or quickly brush aside the centrality of the idea in the Kantian system. As a way of setting the stage for evaluating the place of God in Kant’s philosophy, this paper, in a concise and straightforward manner, attempts to make the connection between science and the idea of God as it appears in the first Critique explicit and explain why Kant is driven to make that connection. In the first half of the paper, I summarize Kant’s discussion of scientific practice as presented in the first part of the Appendix, followed by a brief discussion of a problem his account raises. In the second half of the paper, I elaborate the connection between science and God as a response to that problem.
On the Development of Improved Fire Resistant Medium Voltage Power Cables and Their Test Methods
Authors:   JSC ", BULYCHEV Dmitry A. ,   All-Russian Scientific Research and Development Cable Institute", GUK Dmitry A. ,   JSC "All-Russian Scientific Research and Development Cable Institute", KAMENSKIY Mikhail K. ,   JSC "All-Russian Scientific Research and Development Cable Institute", MESHCHANOV Vitaly G. ,   JSC "All-Russian Scientific Research and Development Cable Institute", SHUVALOV Mikhail Yu. ,   JSC "All-Russian Scientific Research and Development Cable Institute"
Published: November 2021

The article addresses problems faced in designing medium voltage fire resistant power cables. These cables must operate reliably during 30–40 years under the influence of relatively strong electric field, long-term heating up to 90 оC, and short-term heating up to 130 оC. These cables must also retain serviceability for a limited period of time when subjected to a flame source with a temperature of (830±40) оC. The article presents the key state-of-the-art electrical characteristics of these cables (dielectric strength, dielectric loss angle tangent in the delivery state, etc.), the thermal ageing resistance test procedure, the results of studies of long-term electrical strength (life curves) of fire-resistant cable models, and the fire resistance proper of results test. The article also proposes a mathematical model of the processes that take place in performing fire-resistance tests of medium voltage cables. The obtained modeling results are in qualitative agreement with the experimental data.
Synthesizing a Power System Stabilizer Using the Fuzzy Logic and Neural Network Methods
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov, ALLAEV Kahramon R. , MAKHMUDOV Tokhir F. ,   Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov
Published: November 2021

Power systems are large non-linear systems that are often subject to low frequency electromechanical oscillations with a frequency of 0.5–2.5 Hz. Power system stabilizers (PSS) are commonly used as effective and economically efficient means to dampen electromechanical oscillations of generators and increase the stability of power systems. PSS can increase the power transmission stability limits by adding a stabilizing signal through the channels of the automatic excitation control system. The article presents the results of training a neural network based on which a fuzzy logic PSS is obtained for increasing the stability of electric power systems. The synchronous generator rotor speed deviation and acceleration were taken as input data for the fuzzy logic controller. These variables have a significant effect on damping the rotor's electromechanical oscillations. The characteristics of the power system equipped with the proposed fuzzy logic based PSS are compared with its characteristics with a PSS with non-optimized parameters and without a PSS.
Digitalization and Analytics in Electrical Engineering. Digital Twins of Transformers
Authors:   NRU MPEI, BUTYRIN Pavel A. , ALPATOV Michael E. ,   Joint-stock company "Production complex of HC ELEKTROZAVOD"
Published: November 2021

The problem of combining analytics and digitalization in electrical engineering is considered. It is noted that the genesis of digitalization (the development of modern mathematical modeling methods, construction of computers, and development of information technologies) is associated with the military confrontation of great powers, and its development is associated with business. The individual stages of digitalization in electrical engineering are highlighted, and the features and conditionality of these features are noted. Attention is focused on information technologies, neural networks, digital twins, and artificial intelligence. The computer technology development level in Russia is assessed. The problem of creating digital twins of transformers is specially considered. It is shown that the analytical theory of transformers, in which analytical interrelations are established between the electromagnetic, structural, operating, and circuit parameters of transformers, makes it possible to determine, in a highly accurate manner, the set of the most informative electromagnetic (nameplate) parameters of a transformer based on the measurement of currents and voltages of its windings. Such mapping of measurement data into control data is given. It is noted that analytics is underestimated and has good prospects as a concept of solving problems for creating digital counterparts and for the digitalization process itself.
A Mathematical Model for Studying the Pulse Flaw Detection of High-Voltage Transformer Windings
Authors:   Tomsk Research and Design Institute of Oil and Gas, LAVRINOVICH Alexey V. , MYTNIKOV Alexey V. ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University
Published: November 2021

The article presents the results from elaborating a power transformer mathematical model for modeling the processes of diagnosing the mechanical state of windings using the method of low-voltage nanosecond pulses. The model includes a chain representation of the transformer windings taking into account the dependence of the resistance and reactance of the turns on the frequency spectrum of the pulse supplied from the probing generator. The study of the pulse flaw detection processes carried out on the developed mathematical model has shown that the probing pulse frequency spectrum plays an essential role in locating the transformer winding flaw, in determining the flaw type (displacement of turns, inward radial displacement, buckling). The response signals obtained from application of the simulated probing pulse coincide satisfactorily with the response signals obtained during experiments on the transformer physical model. The developed model opens the possibility of determining, by calculation, transformer winding flaw location and type based on comparing the results of experimental responses during examinations of transformers using the method of low-voltage nanosecond pulses with the simulation results.
A Novel Method for Tuning PID Controller
Authors: Abidaoun H. shallal  , Rawaa A. Karim  , Osama Y. Al-Rawi
Published: November 2021

Proportional integral derivative (PID) control is the most commonly used  control algorithm in the industry today. PID controller popularity can be attributed to the  controller’s effectiveness in a wide range of operation conditions, its functional simplicity, and the ease with which engineers can implement it using current computer technology . In this paper,the Dc servomotor model is chosen according to his good electrical and mechanical performances more than other Dc motor models , discuss the novel method for  tuning PID controller and comparison with Ziegler - Nichols method from through parameters of transient response of any system which uses PID compensator
Simulation of Back Pressure Effect on Behaviour of Convergent Divergent Nozzle
Authors: Nazar Muneam Mahmood
Published: November 2021

In this research a simulation of steady flow of a gas through a convergent divergent nozzle which has a varying cross sectional area will be considered. The nature of the flow can be explained by considering how the flow and its characteristics in the nozzle changes as nthe back pressure Pb is decreased.The characteristics of gas flow i.e.(Mach number, static pressure, density, velocity magnitude and static temperature) distributions for the convergent divergent nozzle are implemented by using the ANSYS Fluent 12.1 software to solve the quasi-one dimensional nozzle flow.The reductions in the back pressure cannot affect conditions upstream of the throat. The nozzle is, therefore, choked. The shock wave increases the pressure, density and temperature and reduces the velocity and Mach number to a subsonic value, and as back pressure is further reduced to a certain value, the extent of the supersonic flow region increases, the shock wave moving further down the divergent portion of the nozzle towards the exit plane.
Optical Fiber Bragg Grating Temperature Sensor
Authors: Marwan L. Yousf  , Ihssan A. Kadham  , Tahreer S. Mansour  , Khalil I. Hajim
Published: November 2021

In this work, uniform Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) temperature sensor system were implemented and investigated due to measurement of the Bragg wavelength shift. An (FBG) is an optical fiber in which the refractive index in the core is perturbed by Germanium, forming a periodic index modulation profile. When light is guided through a fiber granting, it is scattered at each diffraction plane, except at those wavelengths which satisfy the Bragg resonance conditionAn important application of FBG technology is sensing. The reflected wavelength from the FBG depends on physical properties such as temperature. By integration the FBG with broadband light, the shift in peak reflectivity wavelength can be used as a measure for the temperature.It has been shown from the results that the FBG is very sensitive to variations in temperature degrees and the sensitivity was (1pm/0.1°C), also observed from the results, the relation between the shifted Bragg wavelength and temperature degrees was linear.
Measurements of Corona Discharge in Non-Uniform Field Freon GAP
Authors: A. S. Hasaani  , Hassan J. Mohammed
Published: November 2021

Corona Discharge have been recorded in pin-to pin electrode at gas pressure gaps with high degree of non-uniformity electric field. For a wide range of experimental applicability the pin to pin electrode was used over pressure range from 1bar to 3bar and gap spacing from 0 to 5mm.High –pressure dc corona discharge experiments have been carried out in a 16cm long glass chamber with an inner diameter and outer diameter are 16.8cm, and 19cm respectively. Corona onset voltage and breakdown voltages were reached. The design considerations of the setup allow to use pin to pin electrode type geometries. Electronegative gases such as air, Freon (R22), were separately used for low temperature corona generation. The experiments have been carried out under ambient Laboratory conditions of temperature (19-24 oC), and humidity. The present experiment were studies the relation between the (V-P) and (V-d), on other hand, we study the relation between the current and applied voltage.
Price Adjustment Practice of Road Projects in Nepal
Authors:   Visiting Professor, Lumbini Engineering and Management Science College, Rupandehi, Nepal, Mishra Anjay Kumar
Published: November 2021

The construction industry always faces problems on price fluctuation and adjustment of the price to compensate the cost fluctuation becomes necessary. There is dilemma on which formula of price adjustment to use in construction contracts. Price adjustment affects all the stakeholders i.e. Client, Consultant and Contractor. This research revealed about the trend of the cost of components of construction i.e. Labor, Material, Fuel, equipment etc. Compare the different formulas of price adjustment and understand the view of client, Consultant and Contractor regarding price adjustment. Questionnaire was distributed to the Client, Contractor and consultant’s representative who are a part of the above projects. For the questions based on Likert scale, afive point Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5 is adopted and Relative Importance Index wascalculated and for other questions the result is presented in the form of pie chart and bar chart. From our study, it can be concluded that most of the Clients, Contractors and Consultants are affected by price adjustment. PPMO formula should be used for price adjustments in construction contracts.After the initial completion date of contract has crossed and extension of time has been done, the price adjustment factor should be calculated based on the indices before and upto the initial completion date only and Price adjustment should be provided after the initial completion date of contract also. The research findings also suggest that 25% of bidders bid for the value range of 0-5% below the Engineers’ Estimate while only 13.85% of bidders in case of E-bidding bid for the same range. The researcher believes that the findings of this study are useful for reviewing the existing provision of public procurement system. This also supports the conviction that more constructive roles has to be played in public procurement of infrastructure projects by local governments in Newly Constituted Federal Structure of Nepal.
Rozwój wierzby rozmnażanej z żywokołów
Authors: HELIOS WALDEMAR , SOWIŃSKI JÓZEF
Published: November 2021

W Polsce wierzba na cele energetyczne uprawiana jest od niedawna i podczas sadzenia popełniane są błędy, które mają wpływ na efekt ekonomiczny przedsięwzięcia. W roku założenia plantacji wierzby największe nakłady finansowe stanowią sadzonki pędowe (sztobry) i sadzenie. W opracowaniu przedstawiono rozwój długich sadzonek wierzby (żywokołów), dosadzanych po wypadniętych roślinach wierzby, na użytkowanej 10-letniej plantacji. W badaniach dokonano oceny sadzonek o długości 100, 150 i 200 cm, które zostały pobrane bezpośrednio przed sadzeniem. Po posadzeniu oraz w drugim roku doświadczenia, w odstępach co 3 tygodnie, określano liczbę rozwijających się i rosnących pędów. Długość sadzonki istotnie wpływała na liczbę rozwijających się pędów (w pierwszym sezonie wegetacji), jak również na ich zamieranie. W drugim roku wegetacji wpływ długości sadzonki na liczbę rozwijających się pędów I rzędu zaznaczył się dopiero pod koniec wegetacji. Długość sadzonki miała istotny wpływ na długość roślin i najdłuższego rozwijającego się pędu.
Simulation of Production Processes in Combination with Traceability
Authors: Mizgan Horea , Ambruş Ovidiu , Ganea Macedon
Published: November 2021

The TTM (Total Traceability Management) is becoming a mandatory process requested by all OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturing) as a system to be deployed by the relevant suppliers. Process parameters from the machines are gathered by the TTM software and based on a defined algorithm the product is receiving new statuses, as physical and software characteristics. Given the high complexity of the current process flows, the highly automated lines and cells, the increased amount of process parameters, the necessity of synchronizing various production steps, it is needed that a simulation process to be done in advance of the full process deployment. The paper work reviews both the mathematical apparatus that underlies the simulation, and one of the various available simulation programs in academia. It is used one of the most usual software for simulation SIMQuick which is based on statistical methodologies. SIMQuick performs a virtual simulation of the process being used in various areas of activity including production in automotive, automation, supply chain processes and services, providing the valuable data for the behavior of the process and providing the premises for layout, flows, and resources improvements. The supply chain software ERP requirements with TTM technical inputs and outputs are the data pillars for the simulation which are presented as a result of the research.
Phytoconstituents from Markhamia tomentosa Bind To HPV Oncoprotein with Apoptogenic Potential: A Molecular Modeling Approach
Authors: Ibrahim Mutiat B. , Kola-Mustapha Adeola T. , Adelakun Niyi S. , Koorbanally Neil A.
Published: November 2021

Markhamia tomentosa crude extract and fractions exhibited potent growth inhibitory effects capable to induce apoptosis in cervical (HeLa) cancer cell line via in vitro model. Presently, interaction of M. tomentosa phytoconstituents with molecular drug targets to exert its anticancer property is evaluated via in silico study. Identified phytoconstituents from M. tomentosa were retrieved from PubChem database and docked in active sites of HPV 16 E6, caspase -3 and caspase -8 targets using AutoDockVina from PyRx software. Screening for druglikeness; and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) predictions was carried out with the use of SwissADME and pkCSM web servers. Standard melphalan and co-crystallized ligands of caspases -3 and -8 enzymes were used to validate protein-ligand interactions. Molecular dynamic simulation was used to validate the stability of the hit molecules complexed with caspases -3 and -8. All identified phytoconstituents from M. tomentosa showed binding affinity for HPV with docking scores range of - 5.4 to -2.6 kcal/mol. Ajugol, carnosol, luteolin and phytol showed good docking energy range of -6.8 to -3.6 kcal/mol; and -4.8 to -1.9 kcal/mol for the active sites of caspases -3 and -8 targets respectively. Based on docking scores; drug-likeliness; and ADMET predictions; luteolin and carnosol were selected as hit compounds. These molecules were found to be stable within the binding site of caspase -3 target throughout the 40ns simulation time. These findings identified hit ligands from M. tomentosa phytoconstituents that inhibit HPV 16 E6 oncogene expression with stimulation of caspases -3 and -8 targets.
Neighbourhood Policy vs. Remembrance Policy: Romania and Hungary
Authors: Bodó Barna
Published: November 2021

In East-Central Europe, the past has always been a determining factor as a framework for interpretation: the social construction of the past often serves (served) current political purposes. It is no wonder that in the countries of the region, often different, sometimes contradictory interpretations of the past have emerged. In today’s European situation, however, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe are perhaps most keenly faced by the transformation of Europe, with unclear, chaotic ideas dominating political and intellectual markets instead of previous (accepted) values – in the tension between old and new, Europe’s future is at stake. The question is: what role the states of Central and Eastern Europe play/can play, to what extent they will be able to place the neighbourhood policy alongside (perhaps in front of) the policy of remembrance and seek common answers to Europe’s great dilemmas.
The Role of Experimenting with the Human Voice in Film Music in the Representation of the Human/Alien Divide: the Case of Arrival (2016)
Authors: Medina Nicolás , Kiss Miklós
Published: November 2021

This article focuses on the musical dimension of experimentation in the creative space of science fiction film, concerning its uncanny, new and fantastic places, and otherworldly encounters within fictional, but possible worlds. The aim is to consider the function and potential of the audible – to examine how sound is used in the filmic exploration of the boundaries between the human and the alien (the unknown). More particularly, we are interested in the role that human voice-like and human vocal sounds can play in this divide, as we believe manipulations with such audible qualities contribute greatly to the emotional dimension of cinematic stories of otherworldly encounters. For that purpose, we concentrate on Denis Villeneuve’s Arrival (2016) and its soundtrack composed by Jóhann Jóhannsson, who resorts to different singing practices and vocal techniques to accompany a story charting the territories between the human and the alien.
Body, Telephone, Voice: Black Christmas (1974) and Monstrous Cinema
Authors: Thomsen Morten Feldtfos
Published: November 2021

This article investigates the role of the telephone as both an engine of suspense and a metaphorical double of cinema in Black Christmas directed by Bob Clark (1974). Employing Michel Chion’s concept of acousmatic voice, the article first explores the role of the telephone in creating both narrative suspense and diegetic cohesion. It then investigates how the film implicitly establishes a pattern of resemblance between the telephonic and cinematic mediums centred on their capacities for diffusion and disembodiment. Finally, the article explores the meta-cinematic implications of its preceding findings, arguing that the fears and anxieties associated with the telephone in Black Christmas ultimately concern cinema itself and its possible cultural impact. Although it attempts to enforce certain categories of knowledge and identity, Black Christmas ultimately engages with cinema’s capacity for subverting rather than enforcing ideology.
The Soundtrack of the Sinister Trailer
Authors: Redfern Nick
Published: November 2021

In this article, I analyse the soundtrack of the green band trailer for Sinister (Scott Derrickson, 2012), combining quantitative methods to analyse the soundtrack with formal analysis. I show that, even though Sinister is a narrative about a demon who lives in images, the horror in the soundtrack of this trailer is articulated through the sound design. I describe the structure of the soundtrack and analyse the distribution and organisation of dialogue, the use of different types of sound effects to create a connection between the viewer and the characters onscreen, as well as the use of specific localised sound events to organise attention and to frighten the viewer. I identify two features not previously discussed in relation to quantitative analysis of film soundtracks: an affective event based on reactions to a stimulus and the presence of nonlinear features in the sound envelopes of localised affective events. The sound design of this trailer is consistent with the principles of contemporary sound design in horror cinema, but also demonstrates some variation in its use of sound as a paratext to its parent film.
Circular Causality of Emotions in Moving Pictures
Authors: Deaca Mircea Valeriu
Published: November 2021

In the framework of predictive coding, as explained by Giovanni Pezzulo in his article Why do you fear the bogeyman? An embodied predictive coding model of perceptual inference (2014), humans construct instances of emotions by a double arrow of explanation of stimuli. Top-down cognitive models explain in a predictive fashion the emotional value of stimuli. At the same time, feelings and emotions depend on the perception of internal changes in the body. When confronted with uncertain auditory and visual information, a multimodal internal state assigns more weight to interoceptive information (rather than auditory and visual information) like visceral and autonomic states as hunger or thirst (motivational conditions). In short, an emotional mood can constrain the construction of a particular instance of emotion. This observation suggests that the dynamics of generative processes of Bayesian inference contain a mechanism of bidirectional link between perceptual and cognitive inference and feelings and emotions. In other words, “subjective feeling states and emotions influence perceptual and cognitive inference, which in turn produce new subjective feeling states and emotions” as a self-fulfilling prophecy (Pezzulo 2014, 908). This article focuses on the short introductory scene from Steven Spielberg’s Jaws (1975), claiming that the construction / emergence of the fear and sadness emotions are created out of the circular causal coupling instantiated between cinematic bottom-up mood cues and top-down cognitive explanations.
Game of Thrones as a Gothic Horror in Quality Television
Authors: Rutherford Amanda , Baker Sarah
Published: November 2021

Quality television at its heart is designed to reward sustained viewing and involvement on the part of the audience. It has distinctive visual styles, serial characters and storylines and a filmic quality, all of which is evident in Game of Thrones (2011–2019). This article discusses how the scale and cinematic production values of quality television, adds value to the Game of Thrones series through the enhancement and articulation of the Gothic horror.
Role of Fly Ash on Strength Properties of Rejuvenated Soil Cement for Pavement Materials
Authors: Chindaprasirt Prinya , Kampala Apichit , Daprom Pattawitchaya , Jitsangiam Peerapong , Horpibulsuk Suksun
Published: November 2021

Stabilization with cement is the most commonly used technique for the improvement of soil physical, mechanical, and engineering properties. This research reported on the properties of the rejuvenation for recycled soil cement with incorporation of fly ash (FA). The study showed that the specific gravity of Rejuvenated Soil Cement (RSC) decreased with increasing FA. The free swell ratio and linear shrinkage of RSC were significantly decreased with the increase in FA. The maximum dry unit weight of RSC increased with increasing FA up to the optimum FA content of 20 – 25 %. The optimum water content in compaction was relatively constant with the increase in FA. Particularly, the strength improvement in active zone of FA-RSC was influenced by several factors viz., compaction, packing, rehydration, and pozzolanic reaction. As a result, the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of RSC increased with increase in FA and curing time. This research clearly showed that the rejuvenation of soil-cement with FA as additive was successful. It was also shown that the normalized UCSs of RSC at various curing times could be used to predict the UCSs at 7 and 28 days.
Conceptual Origins of Legal Linguistics
Authors: Galdia Marcus
Published: November 2021

This essay is a survey of methods applied and topics scrutinized in legal-linguistic studies. It starts with the elucidation of the epistemic interest that led to the emergence and to the subsequent expansion of the mainstream legal-linguistic knowledge that we dispose of today. Thus, the essay focuses upon the development of problem awareness in the emerging legal-linguistic studies as well as upon the results of research that might be perceived as the state of the art in the mainstream legal linguistics. Meanwhile, some methodologically innovative tilts and twists that enrich and inspire contemporary legal linguistics are considered as well. Essentially, this essay traces the conceptual landscape in which the paradigms of legal-linguistic studies came about. This conceptual landscape extends from the research into the isolated words of law and the style used by jurists to the scrutiny of legal texts and legal discourses in all their socio-linguistic complexity. Within this broad frame of reference, many achievements in legal-linguistic studies are mentioned in order to sketch the consequences of processes in which legal-linguistic paradigms take shape. The author concludes upon a vision of legal linguistics called pragmatic legal linguistics as the newest stage in the intellectual enterprise that aims to pierce the language of the law and by so doing to understand law better.
Forest land tax reductions – an effective payment for forest ecosystem services in Slovakia?
Authors: Báliková Klára , Dobšinská Zuzana , Balážová Emília , Valent Peter , Šálka Jaroslav
Published: November 2021

Preferential land tax programs are used over 50 years and are mainly connected with nature protection and environmental goals. Nowadays, they are also considered as a way how to promote and support forest ecosystem services that arise from exempted forest land. In Slovak Republic national forest land tax reduction scheme exists for special purpose and protection forests, as well for other forests with special importance. The goal of the paper was to develop a multidimensional evaluation of this economic instrument for ecosystem service support in Slovakia. We evaluated how the forest land tax reduction fits into the payments for ecosystem services theory, which services are supported and what is the potential and implementation effectiveness according to theory of policy analysis. Even though, the forest owners and enterprises benefit from tax reductions, evidence regarding its visibility as payment for ecosystem service is low. Forest land tax reductions are considered as other economic incentive for ecosystem services support with moderate potential effectiveness. Despite the instrument have low visibility of FES supported from both sides – sellers and beneficiaries, its potential effectiveness is high, due its automatic and stable implementation without relevant implementation gaps.