bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Χαράλαμπος Πληζιώτης, Αναμνήσεις του μετώπου 1920-1921, Μικρά Ασία - Θράκη, εισαγωγή-επιμέλεια Ματούλα Ρίζου-Κουρουπού. Πίνδαρος-Δημήτριος Ανδρουλής, Το ημερολόγιον ενός στρατιώτου, ο ελληνοβουλγαρικός πόλεμος του 1913
Authors: ΣΠΗΛΙΩΤΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ ΜΑΡΙΑ
Published: October 2015

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Γρηγόρης Γρηγορίου, Μνήμες σε άσπρο και μαύρο. 1: Τα ηρωικά χρόνια. Αιγόκερως, 1988 (Κινηματογραφικό αρχείο, 102).
Authors: ΔΕΛΒΕΡΟΥΔΗ ΕΛΙΖΑ-ΑΝΝΑ
Published: October 2015

  Normal 0   false false false        MicrosoftInternetExplorer4  <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-fareast-language: EL; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη.     /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;}  
Ο ΘΕΟΔΩΡΟΣ ΜΑΝΟΥΣΗΣ ΚΑΘΗΓΗΤΗΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ ΣΤΟ ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΑΘΗΝΩΝ (1837-1858)
Authors: ΙΟΥΛΙΑ ΠΕΝΤΑΖΟΥ
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά.
Δημήτριος Χ. Σκλαβενίτης, Νάνος Βαλαωρίτης. Χρονολόγιο - Βιβλιογραφία - Ανθολόγιο (από το 1933 ώς το 1999)
Authors: ΣΚΛΑΒΕΝΙΤΗΣ ΤΡΙΑΝΤΑΦΥΛΛΟΣ Ε.
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη.
Franco Amatori - Andrea Colli, Impresa e industria in Italia dall'Unità a oggi
Authors: ΧΑΤΖΗΪΩΑΝΝΟΥ ΜΑΡΙΑ ΧΡΙΣΤΙΝΑ
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη.
Georges Duby, Le dimanche de Bouvines
Authors: ΒΑΡΩΝ ΟΝΤΕΤ
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη.
Ο ΨΥΧΡΟΣ ΠΟΛΕΜΟΣ ΚΑΙ Η ΡΥΘΜΙΣΗ ΤΩΝ ΔΙΕΘΝΩΝ ΜΕΤΑΚΙΝΗΣΕΩΝ: Η ΔΗΜΙΟΥΡΓΙΑ ΤΗΣ «ΔΙΑΚΥΒΕΡΝΗΤΙΚΗΣ ΕΠΙΤΡΟΠΗΣ ΜΕΤΑΝΑΣΤΕΥΣΕΩΣ ΕΞ ΕΥΡΩΠΗΣ»
Authors: ΒΕΝΤΟΥΡΑ ΛΙΝΑ , ΓΚΡΟΥΤΣΗ ΔΗΜΗΤΡΑ
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περἰληψη στα ελληνικά.
Φίλιππου Ἠλιοὺ κατάλοιπα, Ἑλληνικὴ Βιβλιογραφία τοῦ 19ου αἰώνα, Βιβλία – Φυλλάδια, τόμος δεύτερος, 1819-1832, ἐπιμέλεια Πόπη Πολέμη, ἐπιστημονικοὶ συνεργάτες Ἀναστασία Μυλωνοπούλου, Εἰρήνη Ριζάκη, Βιβλιολογικὸ Ἐργαστήρι «Φίλιππος Ἠλιού», Ἀθήνα 2011
Authors: ΛΑΠΠΑΣ ΚΩΣΤΑΣ
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη.
ΤΥΠΟΣ, ΕΞΟΥΣΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΠΑΡΑΔΟΣΗ. Η REVUE DES DEUX MONDES ΣΤΟΝ ΜΕΣΟΠΟΛΕΜΟ
Authors: ΚΑΡΑΚΑΤΣΟΥΛΗ ΑΝΝΑ
Published: October 2015

Anne Karakatsoulis, La Revue des Deux Mondes pendant l'entre-deuxguerres

La Revue des Deux Mondes nuance fortement l'image-type de la revuequi a attiré l'attention de la recherche historique récente. Elle n'est pasle produit d'un petit groupe d'intellectuels marginaux, elle ne connaîtpas de mésaventures économiques ou de vacillations idéologiques, elleabhorre tout ce qui de loin pourrait ressembler à une avant-garde eten plus, elle réussit un trajectoire plus que centenaire. Fondée en 1829,elle avait rapidement trouvé son espace comme «grande revue de culturegénérale» s'adressant à une «élite intellectuelle», bourgeoise et bienpensante.Si en ses débuts elle côtoya les romantiques, après 1848 ellesuivit l'évolution de son public vers le conservatisme social et y demeura.Depuis le Second Empire et jusqu'à l'entre-deux-guerres, sesidées de fond furent le libéralisme et la grandeur de la France, avec unintermède fortement tenté de polémique catholique durant le passagede Ferdinand Brunetière à sa direction à l'aube du vingtième siècle.La Reçue des Deux Mondes dépasse le simple cas de la revue etatteint la dimension d'une institution littéraire et politique en réunissantpour cela les exigences de la permanence et de la reconnaissanceofficielle. De par sa longévité, sa diffusion mondiale croissante, sonpartimoine inébranlable d'abonnés fidèles qui transmettent la traditionde l'abonnement familial à la Revue de génération en génération, et enconséquence, sa situation économique florissante, mais aussi et par dessustout, de par la direction inspirée de René Doumic (1916-1937) etson équipe rédactionnelle, la Reçue des Deux Mondes devient la tribunedes grands hommes politiques et des littérateurs consacrés et parvientainsi à s'imposer comme «l'ambassadrice des lettres françaises».
ΠΡΟΕΠΑΝΑΣΤΑΤΙΚΈΣ ΠΡΑΓΜΑΤΙΚΌΤΗΤΕΣ. Η ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΚΗ ΚΡΙΣΗ ΚΑΙ Η ΠΟΡΕΙΑ ΠΡΟΣ ΤΟ ΕΙΚΟΣΙΕΝΑ
Authors: ΚΡΕΜΜΥΔΑΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΗΣ
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά.
ΙΣΤΟΡΙΕΣ «ΥΠΟΛΟΓΙΣΤΙΚΗΣ ΟΡΑΣΗΣ» ΑΝΑΓΝΩΣΕΙΣ TOΥ 19ου ΑΙΩΝΑ ΣΕ ΨΗΦΙΑΚΑ ΠΕΡΙΒΑΛΛΟΝΤΑ ΕΡΕΥΝΑΣ
Authors: ΜΠΙΛΑΛΗΣ ΜΗΤΣΟΣ
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά.
Σπύρος Ι. Ασδραχάς, Πατριδογραφήματα. Προλεγόμενα Δημητρίου Χ. Σκλαβενίτη, Αθήνα, Εταιρεία Λευκαδικών Μελετών, 2003
Authors: ΣΚΛΑΒΕΝΙΤΗΣ ΤΡΙΑΝΤΑΦΥΛΛΟΣ Ε.
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη.
Η ΒΟΥΔΑΠΕΣΤΗ ΣΤΑ ΧΡΟΝΙΑ TOΥ ΡΗΓΑ
Authors: ΠΑΠΑΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΥ ΚΑΤΕΡΙΝΑ
Published: October 2015

Katerina Papakonstantinou, Budapest in den Jahren Rigas

Die Ideen der Französischen Aufklärung waren nur im begrenzten Maßein Ungarn des 18. Jhds. verbreitet, und haben eigentlich die Mitgliederder mittleren Aristokratie und die Gelehrten beeinflußt. Mittelpunkt der Diskussionen und der neuen Ideen waren die Freimaurerlogen, die sei1768 in verschiedenen Städten Ungarns gegründet wurden. Sie wandeltensich in Klubs der Verordnung von 1785, die ihre Zahl zu begrenzenversuchte, um. In den 90er Jahren zwei Personen haben sich durchihren Ideen und ihrer Tätigkeit ausgezeichnet, nämlich Josef Hajnóczyund Ignaz Martinovits. Ihre revolutionäre Ideen haben die Regierungin Wien in Gedanken gelegt und, um schlimmeres zu verhindern, wurdensie vor Gericht geführt und schließlich im Jahre 1795 hingerichtet. DieseTatsache hatte die Wirkung und den Gedanken der Ungarn Gelehrtensehr beeinflußt und eventuell auch der Griechen Händler, die in dieserZeit in Buda und Pest lebten.
Νίκιας Λούντζης, Φανερωμένης της Ζακύνθου προφήτες και ζωγράφοι
Authors: ΙΩΑΝΝΟΥ ΠΑΝΑΓΙΩΤΗΣ Κ.
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη.
ΕΝΑΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΑΣ ΣΤΟ ΠΑΡΙΣΙ ΕΠΙΔΟΚΙΜΑΖΕΙ ΤΗ 18Η ΜΠΡΥΜΑΙΡ ΤΟΥ ΛΟΥΔΟΒΙΚΟΥ ΒΟΝΑΠΑΡΤΗ
Authors: ΛΟΥΚΟΣ ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά.
150 χρόνια Ναυπλιακή Επανάσταση, 1 Φεβρουαρίου – 8 Απριλίου 1862, Επιστημονικό Συμπόσιο, Ναύπλιο 12-14 Οκτωβρίου 2012, Πρακτικά, επιστ. επι­μ. Τριαντάφυλλος Ε. Σκλαβενίτης, Μαρία Βελιώτη­-Γεωργοπούλου=Ναυπλιακά Ανάλεκτα τ. VIII, Ναύπλιο 2013
Authors: ΣΚΛΑΒΕΝΙΤΗΣ ΤΡΙΑΝΤΑΦΥΛΛΟΣ Ε. , ΒΕΛΙΩΤΗ­-ΓΕΩΡΓΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ ΜΑΡΙΑ
Published: October 2015

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά.
RNA-Seq workflow: gene-level exploratory analysis and differential expression
Authors: Love Michael I. , Anders Simon , Kim Vladislav , Huber Wolfgang
Published: October 2015

Here we walk through an end-to-end gene-level RNA-Seq differential expression workflow using Bioconductor packages. We will start from the FASTQ files, show how these were aligned to the reference genome, and prepare a count matrix which tallies the number of RNA-seq reads/fragments within each gene for each sample. We will perform exploratory data analysis (EDA) for quality assessment and to explore the relationship between samples, perform differential gene expression analysis, and visually explore the results.
A diversidade de realidades e o projeto coletivo no ensino de Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Authors: Monteiro Ana Maria Reis de Goes , Pina Silvia Mikami Gonçalves
Published: October 2015

A multiplicidade de soluções decorrente da diversidade social, cultural, territorial existente nas cidades brasileiras, nem sempre têm constituído a base da formação dos arquitetos e urbanistas. No intuito de questionar essa realidade desenvolveu-se na disciplina Teoria e Projeto de Interesse social uma experiência junto à comunidade do assentamento rural na cidade de Porto Feliz/SP. A proposta foi o desenvolvimento de um projeto de arquitetura para a área de lazer da Agrovila a partir de conceitos relacionados: ao entendimento da realidade do lugar, cidadania e território cotidiano, arquiteto-cidadão, lazer, ambiente sustentável e processo de projeto participativo. Foi realizada uma oficina entre os assentados e os estudantes na qual, coletivamente, foram identificadas as demandas e necessidades, culminando na construção conjunta do programa. Ao final, foi realizada uma exposição coletiva dos projetos na universidade, na qual os assentados puderam interagir com os alunos e selecionar os projetos que melhor respondiam às suas necessidades. O êxito dessa iniciativa está relacionado ao contato estreito entre estudantes e comunidade, que proporcionou a participação daquele grupo no processo de projeto aliada a uma intensa troca de saberes, exemplificando um caminho para a incorporação da diversidade social, cultural e territorial brasileira na formação dos arquitetos e urbanistas. Abstract The multiplicity of solutions arising from the social, cultural, territorial diversity of Brazilian cities have not always been the basis for Brazilian architects' formation. To discuss this reality, an academic experience was developed on the discipline Theory and Interest Social Project together with the community of the rural settlement in the city of Porto Feliz / SP. The students developed a design proposal for the leisure area of the rural village. They worked with concepts related to the understanding of: the reality of the place, citizenship and daily territory; architect-citizen; leisure; environment and sustainable participatory process design. To identify the demands, needs and expectations for the leisure area a workshop took place in Porto Feliz with the participation of the community and the students, culminating in a collective construction of the architectural program. At the end, there was an exhibition of design proposals at the university, where the community members interacted with the students and selected the projects that best attended their needs. The success of this initiative is directly linked to the close contact between the students and the community, resulting in an intense exchange of knowledge, exemplifying a way to incorporate the architect’s formation the country social, cultural and territorial diversity.
Sobre o ensino do desenho, para aprender a pensar arquitectura
Authors: Rodeia Teresa Belo
Published: October 2015

Desde há muito que o desenho é assumido como instrumento preferencial da dimensão intelectual do trabalho do arquitecto. Esta convicção, suportada por sucessivas teorizações, fez com que o desenho se constituísse e fosse tomado como elemento estruturador do pensamento projectual, na prática e na aprendizagem do projecto. Por essa razão, o seu controlo tornou-se numa condição determinante para o acesso ao ensino de arquitectura.Hoje, numa época em que as tecnologias digitais assumem uma crescente hegemonia na cultura contemporânea, esse valor do desenho poderá parecer questionável. Mas será ainda o desenho que permite estabelecer e superar a distância necessária à invenção da ‘realidade’. Assim, não estará tanto em causa o valor do desenho mas, antes, as circunstâncias que, hoje, possibilitam a sua aprendizagem e o seu subsequente controlo. Não só os tempos de aprendizagem se condensaram como, também, a preparação prévia dos alunos é muito díspar. Face a estas novas circunstâncias, torna-se pertinente questionar como poderá ser garantida a apreensão do valor estruturador do desenho no ensino de arquitectura.Verificando as alterações agora referidas, esta reflexão procurará equacionar a dimensão epistemológica do desenho no ensino da arquitectura, procurando clarificar as relações de reciprocidade estabelecidas entre representação e pensamento.
Educating the Common Agent: Kant on the Varieties of Moral Education
Authors: Sticker Martin
Published: October 2015

I discuss the relation between Kant’s trust in the rational capacities of ordinary agents and education. First, I show that Kant is very optimistic regarding our common moral capacities. Then I discuss what room this leaves for moral education. I argue that a discussion of Kant’s conception of moral education should distinguish between different functions of education: (i) education is necessary for agents to make the transition from a purely instrumental to a pure practical use of reason (Basic Education); (ii) education can strengthen the motivational force of the moral law by presenting the moral law in all its dignity and clarity (Motivational Education); (iii) education can instruct agents about the source of morality and offer an abstract formula of the Categorical Imperative (Philosophical Education); and (iv) education can enhance agents’ capacity to apply general moral principles to concrete cases (Education of Judgement).
User interfaces for cyber-physical systems
Authors: Paelke Volker , Röcker Carsten , Koch Nils , Flatt Holger , Büttner Sebastian
Published: October 2015

In this paper, we analyze the specific requirements of interacting with
cyber-physical systems and propose a design approach that is driven by user
needs and makes use of an expanded toolbox that contains state-of-the-art
interaction technologies including Smart Glasses and Wearables. We present
several examples of assistance systems in industrial production that use these
interaction technologies and discuss the corresponding usability and
implementation aspects.
Data-driven anomaly detection in cyber-physical production systems
Authors: Niggemann Oliver , Frey Christian
Published: October 2015

Due to global competition and increasing product complexity, the complexity of production systems has grown significantly in recent
years. This places an increasing burden on automation developers, systems engineers and plant constructors. Intelligent assistance
systems and smart automation systems are a possible solution to face this complexity: The machines, i.e. the software and assistance
systems, take over tasks that were previously carried out manually by experts. At the heart of this concept are intelligent anomaly
detection approaches based on models of the system behaviors. Intelligent assistance systems learn these models automatically: Based on
data, these systems extract most necessary knowledge about the diagnosis task. This paper outlines this data-driven approach to plant
analysis using several use cases from industry.
First data on the biological variation and quality specifications for plasma ammonia concentrations in healthy subjects
Authors: Ucar Fatma , Erden Gonul , Ozdemir Seyda , Ozcan Nurgul , Bulut Erdem , Ozturk Alpaslan
Published: October 2015

Background:

Most of the factors causing preanalytical and analytical variation in ammonia measurement have been identified. Biological variation data for ammonia is still lacking. We therefore estimated the components of biological variation (within-subject=CV

Methods:

Blood samples from 20 healthy subjects were collected in K2EDTA tubes daily over a period of 4 consecutive days from each subject. Each plasma sample was split into two aliquots; one was immediately analyzed as the samples were collected and the other was stored –80 °C until testing at the end of the collection period and analyzed at once in one analytical run. All samples were analyzed in duplicate. Estimations were calculated according to Fraser and Harris methods.

Results:

CV

Conclusions:

The present study for the first time described the components of biological variation for ammonia in healthy individuals. These data regarding biological variation of ammonia could be useful for a better evaluation of ammonia test results in clinical interpretation and for determining quality specifications based on biological variation.
Laboratory medicine in the new healthcare environment
Authors: Ferraro Simona , Braga Federica , Panteghini Mauro
Published: October 2015

The 21st century challenge is to redesign healthcare systems to be safe, efficient, effective, timely, equitable and patient-centred. Although laboratory medicine is integral to many of these objectives involving prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and managing disease of patients, it suffers from poor visibility as a medical discipline and as a profession and fewer rewards for educational efforts when compared to other medical disciplines. Laboratory scientists are often perceived as managing machinery and equipment, but conversely they need to take a position of shared clinical leadership, showing the role of laboratory tests to guarantee optimal care for patients. This is however challenging because of some reluctance by laboratory professionals to involve themselves in test structuring and requesting and in the inspection of work as it arrives because it is assumed that all requests are clinically necessary; there is a poor communication and integration between clinical wards and laboratory; and, importantly, there is the need for an excellent cultural and scientific background of laboratory professionals for implementing outcome research and to act as knowledge managers and skilled clinical consultants. By combining the unique talent of performing quality laboratory assays with knowledge of the pathophysiologic rationale behind the tests, laboratory professionals have the expertise to advise their clinical colleagues in regard to the appropriate test selection and interpretation of laboratory results, thereby creating opportunities to define the added value and the pivotal role of laboratory medicine on healthcare delivery.
Dual-Dual Formulation for a Contact Problem with Friction
Authors: Andres Michael , Maischak Matthias , Stephan Ernst P.
Published: October 2015

A variational inequality formulation is derived for some frictional contact problems from linear elasticity. The formulation exhibits a two-fold saddle point structure
and is of dual-dual type, involving the stress tensor as primary unknown as well as the friction force on the contact surface by means of a Lagrange multiplier.
The approach starts with the minimization of the conjugate elastic potential. Applying Fenchel's duality theory to this dual minimization problem, the connection to the primal minimization problem and a dual saddle point problem is achieved. The saddle point problem possesses the displacement field and the rotation tensor as
further unknowns. Introducing the friction force yields the dual-dual saddle point problem. The equivalence and unique solvability of both problems is shown with the
help of the variational inequality formulations corresponding to the saddle point formulations, respectively.
Finitely generated nilpotent group C*-algebras have finite nuclear dimension
Authors: Eckhardt Caleb , McKenney Paul
Published: October 2015

We show that group C*-algebras of finitely generated, nilpotent groups have finite nuclear dimension.
It then follows, from a string of deep results, that the C*-algebra A generated by an irreducible representation of
such a group has decomposition rank at most 3. If, in addition, A satisfies the universal coefficient theorem,
another string of deep results shows it is classifiable by its ordered K-theory and is approximately subhomogeneous. We
observe that all C*-algebras generated by faithful irreducible representations of finitely generated, torsion free
nilpotent groups satisfy the universal coefficient theorem.
Mean curvature self-shrinkers of high genus: Non-compact examples
Authors: Kapouleas Nikolaos , Kleene Stephen James , Møller Niels Martin
Published: October 2015

We give the first rigorous construction of complete, embedded self-shrinking hypersurfaces under mean curvature flow, since Angenent’s torus in 1989. The surfaces exist for any sufficiently large prescribed genus g, and are non-compact with one end. Each has

4
⁢
g

+
4

{4g+4}

symmetries and comes from desingularizing the intersection of the plane and sphere through a great circle, a configuration with very high symmetry.

Each is at infinity asymptotic to the cone in

ℝ
3

{\mathbb{R}^{3}}

over a

2
⁢
π

/

(

g
+
1

)

{2\pi/(g+1)}

-periodic graph on an equator of the unit sphere

𝕊
2

⊆

ℝ
3

{\mathbb{S}^{2}\subseteq\mathbb{R}^{3}}

, with the shape of a periodically “wobbling sheet”. This is a dramatic instability phenomenon, with changes of asymptotics that break much more symmetry than seen in minimal surface constructions.

The core of the proof is a detailed understanding of the linearized problem in a setting with severely unbounded geometry, leading to special PDEs of Ornstein–Uhlenbeck type with fast growth on coefficients of the gradient terms. This involves identifying new, adequate weighted Hölder spaces of asymptotically conical functions in which the operators invert, via a Liouville-type result with precise asymptotics.
Study on dechlorination kinetics from zinc oxide dust by clean metallurgy technology
Authors: Ma Aiyuan , Zheng Xuemei , Wang Shixing , Peng Jinhui , Zhang Libo , Li Zhiqiang
Published: October 2015

Cavity perturbation method was used to determine the dielectric properties (ε′, ε″, and tan δ) of zinc oxide dust. The process of dechlorination from zinc oxide dust by microwave roasting was evaluated considering the effect of different roasting temperatures and holding times. The research results showed that the ZnCl2 and PbCl2 with high-loss factor were heated preferentially by microwave, and the dechlorination rate can reach 97.22% after microwave roasting at 650°C for 40 min. The phases of zinc oxide dust before and after microwave roasting were observed and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The kinetics of dechlorination from zinc oxide dust was investigated. The three kinetic factors were obtained by the dynamic isothermal method, which provided a theoretical basis for dechlorination from zinc oxide dust. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the volatilization of chlorides was mainly ionic crystal phase transition process. The volatile kinetics of zinc oxide dust were controlled by the solid state diffusion and interface chemical reaction, during the microwave heating, with an activation energy E=46.6 KJ/mol and the reaction order n is level 1.
Extraction of zinc from blast furnace dust in ammonia leaching system
Authors: Ma Aiyuan , Zhang Libo , Peng Jinhui , Zheng Xuemei , Li Shiwei , Yang Kun , Chen Weiheng
Published: October 2015

In this research, the extraction of zinc from the blast furnace dust in the ammonia leaching system containing different leaching agents (NH3, (NH4)3AC, (NH4)2CO3, (NH4)2SO4, NH4Cl) was investigated. Meanwhile, the effects of different total ammonia concentrations, ammonia/ammonium ratios, solid-liquid ratios, stirring speeds, and leaching temperatures on the extraction of zinc were studied. The results showed that ammonium sulfate was particularly effective and the extraction efficiency of zinc is up to 86.48% under the following conditions: total ammonia concentration of 5.0 mol/l, ammonia/ammonium ratio of 1:1, solid-liquid ratio of 1:5, temperature of 45°C, leaching time of 60 min, and stirring speed of 350 rpm.
Nursing Students Achieving Community Health Competencies through Undergraduate Clinical Experiences: A Gap Analysis
Authors: Pijl-Zieber Em M. , Barton Sylvia , Awosoga Oluwagbohunmi A. , Konkin Jill
Published: October 2015

In Canada, it is widely believed that nursing practice and health care will move from acute care into the community. At the same time, increasing numbers of nursing students are engaged in non-traditional clinical experiences for their community health rotation. These clinical experiences occur at agencies not organizationally affiliated with the health care system and typically do not employ registered nurses (RNs). What has yet to be established is the degree to which nursing students are actually being prepared for community health nursing roles through their community health clinical rotations. In this paper we report the findings of a mixed method study that explored the gap between desired and observed levels of competence in community health of senior nursing students and new graduates. The gap was quantified and then the nature of the gap further explored through focus groups.
Pathophysiological alterations induced by sustained 35-GHz radio-frequency energy heating
Authors: Jauchem James R. , Ryan Kathy L. , Walters Thomas J.
Published: October 2015

Background:Exposure to radio-frequency energy (RFE) of millimeter wavelengths results in a relatively high skin-heating rate, with only a moderate rate of core heating. Yet, prolonged RFE exposure eventuates in severe hypotension and death. In this study, we characterized pathophysiological changes associated with prolonged RFE sufficient to induce hypotension.

Methods:Anesthetized rats were exposed to 35-GHz RFE with a power density of 75 mW/cm2. Cardiovascular and temperature parameters were continuously recorded. Blood factors and histopathology were compared between sham (n=6) and exposed (n=12) animals.

Results and conclusions:Using infrared thermography, we confirmed a relatively high temperature (>46 °C) at the skin surface of the irradiated site. Histopathological results included hemorrhage and congestion of blood vessels in the dermis and subcutis of irradiated skin without induction of burn. As in environmental heating, significantly greater levels of serum glucose, creatinine, uric acid, and anion gap were observed in rats exposed to longer-duration RFE (approx. 38-min exposures) than in shorter-duration (approx. 19-min exposures) or sham (time control) animals. However, changes in blood electrolytes or liver enzymes (often seen during heatstroke) were not observed after the RFE exposures. Even without major tissue injury or serum/plasma enzyme and electrolyte changes, rapid cutaneous heating via RFE induced profound hypotension that eventuated in death.
An 81-year-old woman with chronic illnesses and a strong faith
Authors: Harris Susie T. , Koenig Harold G.
Published: October 2015

Mrs. Smith is an 81-year-old woman who has several medical problems. Despite these problems, however, her faith and spirituality strength give her the strength and determination to move forward in life. She stresses that, “My faith helps me cope with my illnesses.” This article describes Mrs. Smith’s roller coaster life and how faith, prayer, and hope have allowed her to continue to press forward. She interprets pain and illnesses as challenges, not obstacles. Her physician who has been treating her for about 20 years indicates that she has continued to have multiple chronic health issues and has maintained an incredibly positive spirit, particularly when traditional medicine has failed to make a difference. Spiritual care is being increasingly documented as an important component of whole person medicine. For some, religiosity and spirituality are important aspects of patient–provider relationship. God, faith, and hope are essential factors to Mrs. Smith who uses spirituality and religion daily to cope with her chronic illnesses.
A Cuckoo Search Algorithm With Elite Opposition-Based Strategy
Authors: Huang Kang , Zhou Yongquan , Wu Xiuli , Luo Qifang
Published: October 2015

In this paper, a cuckoo search (CS) algorithm using elite opposition-based strategy is proposed. The opposite solution of the elite individual in the population is generated by an opposition-based strategy in the proposed algorithm and form an opposite search space by constructing the opposite population that locates inside the dynamic search boundaries, then, the search space of the algorithm is guided to approximate the space in which the global optimum is included by simultaneously evaluating the current population and the opposite one. This approach is helpful to obtain a tradeoff between the exploration and exploitation ability of CS. In order to enhance the local searching ability, local neighborhood search strategy is also applied in this proposed algorithm. The experiments were conducted on 14 classic benchmark functions and 28 more complex functions from the IEEE CEC’2013 competition, and the experimental results, compared with five other meta-heuristic algorithms and four improved cuckoo search algorithms, show that the proposed algorithm is much better than the compared ones at not only the accuracy of solutions but also for the convergence speed.
Simplified Loss Estimation of Splice to Photonic Crystal Fiber using New Model
Authors: Karak Anup , Kundu Dipankar , Sarkar Somenath
Published: October 2015

For a range of fiber parameters and wavelengths, the splice losses between photonic crystal fiber and a single mode fiber are calculated using our simplified and effective model of photonic crystal fiber following a recently developed elaborate method. Again, since the transverse offset and angular mismatch are the serious factors which contribute crucially to splice losses between two optical fibers, these losses between the same couple of fibers are also studied, using our formulation. The concerned results are seen to match fairly excellently with rigorous ones and consistently in comparison with earlier empirical results. Moreover, our formulation can be developed from theoretical framework over entire optogeometrical parameters of photonic crystal fiber within single mode region instead of using deeply involved full vectorial methods. This user-friendly simple approach of computing splice loss should find wide use by experimentalists and system users.
Infant-directed speech as a window into the dynamic nature of phonology
Authors: Mazuka Reiko , Igarashi Yosuke , Martin Andrew , Utsugi Akira
Published: October 2015

Theoretical frameworks of phonology are built largely on the basis of idealized speech, typically recorded in a laboratory under static conditions. Natural speech, in contrast, occurs in a variety of communicative contexts where speakers and hearers dynamically adjust their speech to fit their needs. The present paper demonstrates that phonologically informed analysis of specialized speech registers, such as infant-directed speech, can reveal specific ways segmental and supra-segmental aspects of phonology are modulated dynamically to accommodate the specific communicative needs of speakers and hearers. Data for the analyses come from a corpus of Japanese mothers’ spontaneous speech directed to their infant child (infant-directed speech, IDS) and an adult (adult-directed speech, ADS), as well as read speech (RS). The speech samples in the corpus are annotated with segmental, morphological, and intonational information. We will show that the way intonation is exaggerated in Japanese IDS reflects the intonational structure of Japanese, which is different from that of English. We will also demonstrate that rules of phonological grammar, such as devoicing of high vowels and non-high vowels in Japanese, can be differently affected by the needs of the speaker to accommodate the specific characteristics of the listener.
Internal structuring of silica glass fibers: Requirements for scattered light applicators for the usability in medicine
Authors: Köcher Jenny , Knappe Verena , Schwagmeier Manuela
Published: October 2015

Background:

Diffuser fibers have been used for some time in the fields of laser-induced thermotherapy and photodynamic therapy. For their applicability the breaking strength, the thermostability and a homogeneous radiation profile are of great importance. Flexible applicators offer special benefits because they introduce a totally new range of application possibilities.

Objective:

The aim of the presented investigations was to develop a totally new flexible diffuser fiber generation which can be produced cheaper and without the use of any further materials. For this purpose it was proposed to induce scattering micro dots directly into silica fibers by generating a local change of the refractive index in the core of the optical fiber. The resulting diffuser was expected to create a homogeneous radiation profile containing at least 80% of the light coupled into the optical fiber, i.e. less than 20% prograde (forward) emission.

Materials and methods:

On the basis of former research results, scattering micro dots were induced linearly into the core of an optical silica fiber through a multiple photon process using a femtosecond laser. In addition to the macroscopic optical control by means of a microscope, the form of the radiation profile was examined as well as the non-scattered forward emission which depends on a variety of influencing factors. The processing was optimized according to the observations made. The thermostability of the developed prototypes was assessed by using a thermocamera, and the minimal bending radius was determined. Finally the prototypes were tested and validated ex vivo using porcine liver.

Results:

An influence of the processing power, the number and radial position of the scattering micro dots as well as the therapeutic coupled-in wavelength onto the form of the radiation profile and the non-scattered forward emission was determined. Both the form of the radiation profile and the prograde emission were found to be independent of the therapeutic laser power coupled into the fiber. The developed prototype had a nearly homogeneous radiation profile, a forward emission of 12.8±2.1% in average, and a minimum bending radius of 31±6 mm.

Conclusion:

The non-scattered forward emission of the developed diffusers was within the objective of below 20% and the radiation profile was very nearly homogeneous. In order to improve the reproducibility of the production process, an improved fixation apparatus needs to be developed.
Molecular mechanisms of estrogen for neuroprotection in spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury
Authors: Chakrabarti Mrinmay , Das Arabinda , Samantaray Supriti , Smith Joshua A. , Banik Naren L. , Haque Azizul , Ray Swapan K.
Published: October 2015

Estrogen (EST) is a steroid hormone that exhibits several important physiological roles in the human body. During the last few decades, EST has been well recognized as an important neuroprotective agent in a variety of neurological disorders in the central nervous system (CNS), such as spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), Alzheimer’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. The exact molecular mechanisms of EST-mediated neuroprotection in the CNS remain unclear due to heterogeneity of cell populations that express EST receptors (ERs) in the CNS as well as in the innate and adaptive immune system. Recent investigations suggest that EST protects the CNS from injury by suppressing pro-inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress, and cell death, while promoting neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and neurotrophic support. In this review, we have described the currently known molecular mechanisms of EST-mediated neuroprotection and neuroregeneration in SCI and TBI. At the same time, we have emphasized on the recentin vitroandin vivofindings from our and other laboratories, implying potential clinical benefits of EST in the treatment of SCI and TBI.
Sample size reassessment for a two-stage design controlling the false discovery rate
Authors: Zehetmayer Sonja , Graf Alexandra C. , Posch Martin
Published: October 2015

Sample size calculations for gene expression microarray and NGS-RNA-Seq experiments are challenging because the overall power depends on unknown quantities as the proportion of true null hypotheses and the distribution of the effect sizes under the alternative. We propose a two-stage design with an adaptive interim analysis where these quantities are estimated from the interim data. The second stage sample size is chosen based on these estimates to achieve a specific overall power. The proposed procedure controls the power in all considered scenarios except for very low first stage sample sizes. The false discovery rate (FDR) is controlled despite of the data dependent choice of sample size. The two-stage design can be a useful tool to determine the sample size of high-dimensional studies if in the planning phase there is high uncertainty regarding the expected effect sizes and variability.
A Confrontation with Youngsters in Job 30,12–13
Authors: Pinker Aron
Published: October 2015

In Job 30,12 is a notorious

Hi 30,12 steht als

En Jb 30, le verset 12 est une
Pyridinium ylides in the one-pot synthesis of a new quinoline/indolizine hybrid
Authors: Belguedj Roumaissa , Bouraiou Abdelmalek , Bouacida Sofiane , Merazig Hocine , Chibani Aissa
Published: October 2015

The reaction of 1-(quinolin-2-ylmethyl)pyridinium ylide with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate was investigated. The X-ray crystallographic characterization of the new dimethyl 3-(quinolin-2-yl)indolizine-1,2-dicarboxylate (2) shows the formation of a five-membered ring between the pyridine ring and the methylene group.
Sensing Positive versus Negative Reward Signals through Adenylyl Cyclase-Coupled GPCRs in Direct and Indirect Pathway Striatal Medium Spiny Neurons
Authors: Nair Anu G. , Gutierrez-Arenas Omar , Eriksson Olivia , Vincent Pierre , Hellgren Kotaleski Jeanette
Published: October 2015

Transient changes in striatal dopamine (DA) concentration are considered to encode a reward prediction error (RPE) in reinforcement learning tasks. Often, a phasic DA change occurs concomitantly with a dip in striatal acetylcholine (ACh), whereas other neuromodulators, such as adenosine (Adn), change slowly. There are abundant adenylyl cyclase (AC) coupled GPCRs for these neuromodulators in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs), which play important roles in plasticity. However, little is known about the interaction between these neuromodulators via GPCRs. The interaction between these transient neuromodulator changes and the effect on cAMP/PKA signaling via Golf- and Gi/o-coupled GPCR are studied here using quantitative kinetic modeling. The simulations suggest that, under basal conditions, cAMP/PKA signaling could be significantly inhibited in D1R+ MSNs via ACh/M4R/Gi/oand an ACh dip is required to gate a subset of D1R/Golf-dependent PKA activation. Furthermore, the interaction between ACh dip and DA peak, via D1R and M4R, is synergistic. In a similar fashion, PKA signaling in D2+ MSNs is under basal inhibition via D2R/Gi/oand a DA dip leads to a PKA increase by disinhibiting A2aR/Golf, but D2+ MSNs could also respond to the DA peak via other intracellular pathways. This study highlights the similarity between the two types of MSNs in terms of high basal AC inhibition by Gi/oand the importance of interactions between Gi/oand Golfsignaling, but at the same time predicts differences between them with regard to the sign of RPE responsible for PKA activation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDopamine transients are considered to carry reward-related signal in reinforcement learning. An increase in dopamine concentration is associated with an unexpected reward or salient stimuli, whereas a decrease is produced by omission of an expected reward. Often dopamine transients are accompanied by other neuromodulatory signals, such as acetylcholine and adenosine. We highlight the importance of interaction between acetylcholine, dopamine, and adenosine signals via adenylyl-cyclase coupled GPCRs in shaping the dopamine-dependent cAMP/PKA signaling in striatal neurons. Specifically, a dopamine peak and an acetylcholine dip must interact, via D1 and M4 receptor, and a dopamine dip must interact with adenosine tone, via D2 and A2a receptor, in direct and indirect pathway neurons, respectively, to have any significant downstream PKA activation.
Astrocytes Promote Oligodendrogenesis after White Matter Damage via Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
Authors: Miyamoto Nobukazu , Maki Takakuni , Shindo Akihiro , Liang Anna C. , Maeda Mitsuyo , Egawa Naohiro , Itoh Kanako , Lo Evan K. , Lok Josephine , Ihara Masafumi , Arai Ken
Published: October 2015

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in the adult brain contribute to white matter homeostasis. After white matter damage, OPCs compensate for oligodendrocyte loss by differentiating into mature oligodendrocytes. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully defined. Here, we test the hypothesis that, during endogenous recovery from white matter ischemic injury, astrocytes support the maturation of OPCs by secreting brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Forin vitroexperiments, cultured primary OPCs and astrocytes were prepared from postnatal day 2 rat cortex. When OPCs were subjected to chemical hypoxic stress by exposing them to sublethal CoCl2for 7 d,in vitroOPC differentiation into oligodendrocytes was significantly suppressed. Conditioned medium from astrocytes (astro-medium) restored the process of OPC maturation even under the stressed conditions. When astro-medium was filtered with TrkB-Fc to remove BDNF, the BDNF-deficient astro-medium no longer supported OPC maturation. Forin vivoexperiments, we analyzed a transgenic mouse line (GFAPcre/BDNFwt/fl) in which BDNF expression is downregulated specifically in GFAP+astrocytes. Both wild-type (GFAPwt/BDNFwt/flmice) and transgenic mice were subjected to prolonged cerebral hypoperfusion by bilateral common carotid artery stenosis. As expected, compared with wild-type mice, the transgenic mice exhibited a lower number of newly generated oligodendrocytes and larger white matter damage. Together, these findings demonstrate that, during endogenous recovery from white matter damage, astrocytes may promote oligodendrogenesis by secreting BDNF.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe repair of white matter after brain injury and neurodegeneration remains a tremendous hurdle for a wide spectrum of CNS disorders. One potentially important opportunity may reside in the response of residual oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). OPCs may serve as a back-up for generating mature oligodendrocytes in damaged white matter. However, the underlying mechanisms are still mostly unknown. Here, we use a combination of cell biology and an animal model to report a new pathway in which astrocyte-derived BDNF supports oligodendrogenesis and regeneration after white matter damage. These findings provide new mechanistic insight into white matter physiology and pathophysiology, which would be broadly and clinically applicable to CNS disease.
Optogenetic Dissection of the Basal Forebrain Neuromodulatory Control of Cortical Activation, Plasticity, and Cognition
Authors: Lin Shih-Chieh , Brown Ritchie E. , Hussain Shuler Marshall G. , Petersen Carl C.H. , Kepecs Adam
Published: October 2015

The basal forebrain (BF) houses major ascending projections to the entire neocortex that have long been implicated in arousal, learning, and attention. The disruption of the BF has been linked with major neurological disorders, such as coma and Alzheimer's disease, as well as in normal cognitive aging. Although it is best known for its cholinergic neurons, the BF is in fact an anatomically and neurochemically complex structure. Recent studies using transgenic mouse lines to target specific BF cell types have led to a renaissance in the study of the BF and are beginning to yield new insights about cell-type-specific circuit mechanisms during behavior. These approaches enable us to determine the behavioral conditions under which cholinergic and noncholinergic BF neurons are activated and how they control cortical processing to influence behavior. Here we discuss recent advances that have expanded our knowledge about this poorly understood brain region and laid the foundation for future cell-type-specific manipulations to modulate arousal, attention, and cortical plasticity in neurological disorders.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlthough the basal forebrain is best known for, and often equated with, acetylcholine-containing neurons that provide most of the cholinergic innervation of the neocortex, it is in fact an anatomically and neurochemically complex structure. Recent studies using transgenic mouse lines to target specific cell types in the basal forebrain have led to a renaissance in this field and are beginning to dissect circuit mechanisms in the basal forebrain during behavior. This review discusses recent advances in the roles of basal forebrain cholinergic and noncholinergic neurons in cognition via their dynamic modulation of cortical activity.
Disrupted Sleep: From Molecules to Cognition
Authors: Van Someren Eus J.W. , Cirelli Chiara , Dijk Derk-Jan , Van Cauter Eve , Schwartz Sophie , Chee Michael W.L.
Published: October 2015

Although the functions of sleep remain to be fully elucidated, it is clear that there are far-reaching effects of its disruption, whether by curtailment for a single night, by a few hours each night over a long period, or by disruption in sleep continuity. Epidemiological and experimental studies of these different forms of sleep disruption show deranged physiology from subcellular levels to complex affective behavior. In keeping with the multifaceted influence of sleep on health and well-being, we illustrate how the duration of sleep, its timing, and continuity can affect cellular ultrastructure, gene expression, metabolic and hormone regulation, mood, and vigilance. Recent brain imaging studies provide some clues on mechanisms underlying the most common cause of disrupted sleep (insomnia). These insights should ultimately result in adequate interventions to prevent and treat sleep disruption because of their high relevance to our most prevalent health problems.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDisruption of the duration, timing, and continuity of sleep affects cellular ultrastructure, gene expression, appetite regulation, hormone production, vigilance, and reward functions.
Memory and Space: Towards an Understanding of the Cognitive Map
Authors: Schiller Daniela , Eichenbaum Howard , Buffalo Elizabeth A. , Davachi Lila , Foster David J. , Leutgeb Stefan , Ranganath Charan
Published: October 2015

More than 50 years of research have led to the general agreement that the hippocampus contributes to memory, but there has been a major schism among theories of hippocampal function over this time. Some researchers argue that the hippocampus plays a broad role in episodic and declarative memory, whereas others argue for a specific role in the creation of spatial cognitive maps and navigation. Although both views have merit, neither provides a complete account of hippocampal function. Guided by recent reviews that attempt to bridge between these views, here we suggest that reconciliation can be accomplished by exploring hippocampal function from the perspective of Tolman's (1948) original conception of a cognitive map as organizing experience and guiding behavior across all domains of cognition. We emphasize recent studies in animals and humans showing that hippocampal networks support a broad range of domains of cognitive maps, that these networks organize specific experiences within the contextually relevant map, and that network activity patterns reflect behavior guided through cognitive maps. These results are consistent with a framework that bridges theories of hippocampal function by conceptualizing the hippocampus as organizing incoming information within the context of a multidimensional cognitive map of spatial, temporal, and associational context.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTResearch of hippocampal function is dominated by two major views. The spatial view argues that the hippocampus tracks routes through space, whereas the memory view suggests a broad role in declarative memory. Both views rely on considerable evidence, but neither provides a complete account of hippocampal function. Here we review evidence that, in addition to spatial context, the hippocampus encodes a wide variety of information about temporal and situational context, about the systematic organization of events in abstract space, and about routes through maps of cognition and space. We argue that these findings cross the boundaries of the memory and spatial views and offer new insights into hippocampal function as a system supporting a broad range of cognitive maps.