bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences of Restorative Effects While Viewing Urban Landscapes and Green Landscapes
Authors: Kang Youngeun , Kim Eujin Julia
Published: April 2019

Attention Restoration Theory argues that natural objects such as trees and flowers have psychological restoration effects. However, relevant studies have been mostly based on survey methods, and few of them suggest guidelines for restoration environments. This study, therefore, aims to verify the restorative effect of natural objects using eye-tracking methods and a survey regarding visual aesthetics, complexity, and the Perceived Restorativeness Scale, as well 25 various images divided into 4 types: natural scene and close view, natural scene and distant view, built scene and close view, and built scene and distant view. The analysis showed that natural scenes had a stronger positive restorative effect compared to built scenes regardless of differences in the distance. In terms of the overall landscape composition, visual characteristics such as visual aesthetics and complexity had a statistically significant relationship with restorative effect. Additionally, an eye-tracking method was found to be a valid and useful tool for studying the restorative environments by significant differences in the scan path length depending on the four types of landscape images. This study ultimately provides an overview regarding restorative design guidelines not only by using natural elements but also by considering landscape composition in terms of complexity, openness, and so on.
Turkey’s 2023 Energy Strategies and Investment Opportunities for Renewable Energy Sources: Site Selection Based on ELECTRE
Authors: Erdin Ceren , Ozkaya Gokhan
Published: April 2019

In Turkey, current energy generations are not sufficient for the existing energy needs and besides, energy demand is expected to increase by 4–6 percent annually until 2023. Therefore, the government aims to increase the ratio of renewable energy resources (RES) in total installed capacity to 30 percent by 2023. By this date, total energy investments are expected to be approximately $110 billion. Turkey is the fastest growing energy market among the OECD countries. Therefore, Turkey is an attractive market for energy companies and investors. At this stage, site selection and deciding appropriate RES are the most important feasibility parameters for investment. In this study, “Site Selection in Turkey” issue for RES (solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, biomass) is evaluated by the ELECTRE which is one of the Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods. In addition, the reasons for choosing this method are explained according to the literature. The study emphasizes the importance of energy generation from renewable and sustainable sources and is concerned with improving the position of the country. The Turkish government offers many purchasing guarantees and high incentives, especially in the renewable energy sector. As a result of the analysis, the most suitable energy sources are presented according to the geography and energy potential of the regions. The study aims to inform energy firms and everyone related with RES about Turkey’s RES opportunities.
Overtourism: Between the Right to Travel and Residents’ Rights
Authors: Perkumienė Dalia , Pranskūnienė Rasa
Published: April 2019

Debates on overtourism, as a challenging phenomenon, are becoming more and more active. The purpose of this integrative review paper is to discuss the right to travel and residents’ rights in the context of overtourism and sustainable tourism, analyzing different scientific and legal sources. The integrative review analysis shows that overtourism and sustainable tourism are important contexts influencing the changing meaning of the right to travel and the right to live. On the one hand, the overtourism context makes the voices of residents more important to be heard, while on the other hand the sustainable tourism context influences the discussion of the right to travel, asking tourist voices to be considered more important. The results of this integrative review also shows the importance of rethinking the concept of sustainability in tourism as a holistic principle of democracy and as a degrowth movement, and opens the broader discussion for future tourism research development. The problem of overtourism could be solved by striving to develop sustainable tourism goals, thus balancing equality between the right to travel and residents’ rights. The presented integrative review paper is a preliminary work; further research is needed in order to find possible concrete solutions for overtourism.
An Empirical Study on the Comprehensive Optimization Method of a Train Diagram of the China High Speed Railway Express
Authors: Yu Xueqiao , Lang Maoxiang , Zhang Wenhui , Li Shiqi , Zhang Mingyue , Yu Xiao
Published: April 2019

The rapid and stable development of China’s economy has driven the increasing demand for express transportation. Based on network operation, China Railway Corporation of High-speed Railway launched high-speed rail products, which have attracted wide attention from all walks of life. With the application of high-speed express trains, the market structure of express transportation in China will change dramatically, from highways as the main mode of transportation to high-speed railway transportation relying on a high-speed railway network, which will effectively reduce the environmental pollution caused by express transportation and further improve the sustainable development of the economy and the logistics industry. At present, the freight Electric Multiple Units (EMU) has been successfully developed and has entered the final test stage. In the last paper, we have introduced the theory and method of the high-speed rail express train operation plan. In addition, a train diagram is an important foundation of railway transportation organization. In order to ensure the sustainable development of high-speed rail express trains after they are put into use, based on the operation plan of high-speed rail express trains, this paper establishes a comprehensive compilation model of a high-speed rail express train diagram, considering train running time, freight flow distribution scheme, and the operation plan of freight multiple units, and an exact solution algorithm based on the Lagrange relaxation algorithm is designed. The computational results are encouraging and demonstrate the effectiveness of the model and solution method.
Barriers for the Sustainable Development of Entertainment Tourism in Macau
Authors: Luo Jian Ming , Lam Chi Fung , Ye Ben Haobin
Published: April 2019

Entertainment tourism is attracting attention from the industry and the academics. This study aimed to discover the barriers for the development of entertainment tourism in Macau from the industry’s perspective. A qualitative research approach was used to collect data from the entertainment tourism industry. Results show that policies and regulations, economy, marketing, management, government attitude, expertise and manpower, facilities and attractions as well as infrastructure problems are the main barriers for the development of entertainment tourism. Implications and suggestions for entertainment tourism practitioners are provided.
Probing the Surface of Noble Metals Electrochemically by Underpotential Deposition of Transition Metals
Authors: Mayet Nolwenn , Servat Karine , Kokoh K. Boniface , Napporn Teko W.
Published: April 2019

The advances in material science have led to the development of novel and various materials as nanoparticles or thin films. Underpotential deposition (upd) of transition metals appears to be a very sensitive method for probing the surfaces of noble metals, which is a parameter that has an important effect on the activity in heterogeneous catalysis. Underpotential deposition as a surface characterization tool permits researchers to precisely determine the crystallographic orientations of nanoparticles or the real surface area of various surfaces. Among all the work dealing with upd, this review focuses specifically on the main upd systems used to probe surfaces of noble metals in electrocatalysis, from poly‒ and single-crystalline surfaces to nanoparticles. Cuupd is reported as a tool to determine the active surface area of gold‒ and platinum‒based bimetallic electrode materials. Pbupd is the most used system to assess the crystallographic orientations on nanoparticles’ surface. In the case of platinum, Bi and Ge adsorptions are singled out for probing (1 1 1) and (1 0 0) facets, respectively.
Self-Adaptive Fault Feature Extraction of Rolling Bearings Based on Enhancing Mode Characteristic of Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise
Authors: Ma Fang , Zhan Liwei , Li Chengwei , Li Zhenghui , Wang Tingjian
Published: April 2019

Originally, a rolling bearing, as a key part in rotating machinery, is a cyclic symmetric structure. When a fault occurs, it disrupts the symmetry and influences the normal operation of the rolling bearing. To accurately identify faults of rolling bearing, a novel method is proposed, which is based enhancing the mode characteristics of complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN). It includes two parts: the first is the enhancing decomposition of CEEMDAN algorithm, and the second is the identified method of intrinsic information mode (IIM) of vibration signal. For the first part, the new mode functions (CIMFs) are obtained by combing the adjacent intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and performing the corresponding Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to strengthen difference feature among IMFs. Then, probability density function (PDF) is used to estimate FFT of each CIMF to obtain overall information of frequency component. Finally, the final intrinsic mode functions (FIMFs) are obtained by proposing identified method of adjacent PDF based on geometrical similarity (modified Hausdorff distance (MHD)). FIMFs indicate the minimum amount of mode information with physical meanings and avoid interference of spurious mode in original CEEMDAN decomposing. Subsequently, comprehensive evaluate index (Kurtosis and de-trended fluctuation analysis (DFA)) is proposed to identify IIM in FIMFs. Experiment results indicate that the proposed method demonstrates superior performance and can accurately extract characteristic frequencies of rolling bearing.
A Three-Stage method for Data Text Mining: Using UGC in Business Intelligence Analysis
Authors: Saura Jose Ramon , Bennett Dag R
Published: April 2019

The global development of the Internet, which has enabled the analysis of large amounts of data and the services linked to their use, has led companies to modify their business strategies in search of new ways to increase marketing productivity and profitability. Many strategies are based on business intelligence (BI) and marketing intelligence (MI) that make it possible to extract profitable knowledge and insights from large amounts of data generated by company customers in digital environments. In this context, the present study proposes a three-step research methodology based on data text mining (DTM). In further research, this methodology can be used for business intelligence analysis (BIA) strategies to analyze user generated content (UGC) in social networks and on digital platforms. The proposed methodology unfolds in the following three stages. First, a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model that determines the database topic is used. Second, a sentiment analysis (SA) is proposed. This SA is applied to the LDA results to divide the topics identified in the sample into three sentiments. Thirdly, textual analysis (TA) with data text mining techniques is applied on the topics in each sentiment. The proposed methodology offers important advances in data text mining in terms of accuracy, reliability and insight generation for both researchers and practitioners seeking to improve the BIA processes in business and other sectors.
Flexible Sensors—From Materials to Applications
Authors: Costa Júlio C. , Spina Filippo , Lugoda Pasindu , Garcia-Garcia Leonardo , Roggen Daniel , Münzenrieder Niko
Published: April 2019

Flexible sensors have the potential to be seamlessly applied to soft and irregularly shaped surfaces such as the human skin or textile fabrics. This benefits conformability dependant applications including smart tattoos, artificial skins and soft robotics. Consequently, materials and structures for innovative flexible sensors, as well as their integration into systems, continue to be in the spotlight of research. This review outlines the current state of flexible sensor technologies and the impact of material developments on this field. Special attention is given to strain, temperature, chemical, light and electropotential sensors, as well as their respective applications.
Bacterial Resistance in Pneumonia in Developing Countries—A Role for Iron Chelation
Authors: Islam Sufia , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer , Ahmed Muniruddin , Anwar Nafiza , Lehmann Christian
Published: April 2019

Pneumonia represents one of the major infectious diseases in developing countries and is associated with high mortality, in particular in children under the age of five. The main causative bacterial agents are Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type B, accounting for 33% and 16%, respectively, of the mortality in under-fives. Iron modulates the immune response in infectious diseases and increased iron levels can lead to complications such as sepsis and multiorgan failure. This review will look into the use of iron chelators in order to reduce microbial growth and attenuate a dysregulated immune response during infection. Our hypothesis is that temporary restriction of iron will lessen the incidence and complication rate of infections like pneumonia and result in a decrease of mortality and morbidity.
Histo-Blood Group Antigens in Children with Symptomatic Rotavirus Infection
Authors: Pérez-Ortín Raúl , Vila-Vicent Susana , Carmona-Vicente Noelia , Santiso-Bellón Cristina , Rodríguez-Díaz Jesús , Buesa Javier
Published: April 2019

Group A rotaviruses are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children. The diversity and unequal geographical prevalence of rotavirus genotypes have been linked to histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) in different human populations. In order to evaluate the role of HBGAs in rotavirus infections in our population, secretor status (FUT2+), ABO blood group, and Lewis antigens were determined in children attended for rotavirus gastroenteritis in Valencia, Spain. During three consecutive years (2013–2015), stool and saliva samples were collected from 133 children with rotavirus infection. Infecting viral genotypes and HBGAs were determined in patients and compared to a control group and data from blood donors. Rotavirus G9P[8] was the most prevalent strain (49.6%), followed by G1P[8] (20.3%) and G12P[8] (14.3%). Rotavirus infected predominantly secretor (99%) and Lewis b positive (91.7%) children. Children with blood group A and AB were significantly more prone to rotavirus gastroenteritis than those with blood group O. Our results confirm that a HBGA genetic background is linked to rotavirus P[8] susceptibility. Rotavirus P[8] symptomatic infection is manifestly more frequent in secretor-positive (FUT2+) than in non-secretor individuals, although no differences between rotavirus G genotypes were found.
Hypopituitarism after Orthohantavirus Infection: What is Currently Known?
Authors: Bhoelan Soerajja , Langerak Thomas , Noack Danny , van Schinkel Linda , van Nood Els , van Gorp Eric C.M. , Rockx Barry , Goeijenbier Marco
Published: April 2019

Several case reports have described hypopituitarism following orthohantavirus infection, mostly following Puumala virus. The pathogenesis of this seemingly rare complication of orthohantavirus infection remains unknown. This review explores the possible pathophysiological mechanisms of pituitary damage due to orthohantavirus infection. In only three out of the 28 reported cases, hypopituitarism was detected during active infection. In the remaining cases, detection of pituitary damage was delayed, varying from two months up to thirteen months post-infection. In these cases, hypopituitarism remained undetected during the acute phase of infection or only occurred weeks to months post infection. Both ischemic and hemorrhagic damage of the pituitary gland have been detected in radiographic imaging and post-mortem studies in the studied case reports series. Ischemic damage could be caused by hypotension and/or vasospasms during the acute phase of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) while hemorrhage could be caused by thrombocytopenia, thrombopathy, and other known causes of coagulation disorders during orthohantavirus infection. Also, hypophysitis due to the presence of auto-antibodies have been suggested in the literature. In conclusion, a significant number of case reports and series describe hypopituitarism after orthohantavirus infection. In most cases hypopituitarism was diagnosed with a delay and therefore could very well be underreported. Clinicians should be aware of this potential endocrine complication, with substantial morbidity, and if unrecognized, significant mortality.
New Promising Targets for Synthetic Omptin-Based Peptide Vaccine against Gram-Negative Pathogens
Authors: Feodorova Valentina A. , Lyapina Anna M. , Zaitsev Sergey S. , Khizhnyakova Maria A. , Sayapina Lidiya V. , Ulianova Onega V. , Ulyanov Sergey S. , Motin Vladimir L.
Published: April 2019

Omptins represent a family of proteases commonly found in various Gram-negative pathogens. These proteins play an important role in host–pathogen interaction and have been recognized as key virulence factors, highlighting the possibility of developing an omptin-based broad-spectrum vaccine. The prototypical omptin, His-tagged recombinant Pla, was used as a model target antigen. In total, 46 linear and 24 conformational epitopes for the omptin family were predicted by the use of ElliPro service. Among these we selected highly conserved, antigenic, non-allergenic, and immunogenic B-cell epitopes. Five epitopes (2, 6, 8, 10, and 11 corresponding to Pla regions 52–60, 146–150, 231–234, 286–295, and 306–311, respectively) could be the first choice for the development of the new generation of target-peptide-based vaccine against plague. The partial residues of omptin epitopes 6, 8, and 10 (regions 136–145, 227–230, and 274–285) could be promising targets for the multi-pathogen vaccine against a group of enterobacterial infections. The comparative analysis and 3D modeling of amino acid sequences of several omptin family proteases, such as Pla (Yersinia pestis), PgtE (Salmonella enterica), SopA (Shigella flexneri), OmpT, and OmpP (Escherichia coli), confirmed their high cross-homology with respect to the identified epitope clusters and possible involvement of individual epitopes in host–pathogen interaction.
Soil Water Movement Changes Associated with Revegetation on the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Ke Haocheng , Li Peng , Li Zhanbin , Shi Peng , Hou Jingming
Published: April 2019

Soil water is the limitation factors in the semiarid region for vegetation growth. With the large scale “Grain for Green” implementation on the Loess Plateau of China, an amount of sloping cropland was converted to forestland, shrubland, and grassland. The spatial and temporal distribution of soil water was changed. However, the effect of revegetation on soil water movement is still unclear. In this study, we analyze the stable isotopes changes in precipitation and soil water in sloping cropland, forestland, shrubland, and grassland to trace the movement of moisture in soil. The results showed that δ18O in shallow layers (<20 cm depth) of sloping cropland, forestland, shrubland, and grassland were −3.54‰, −2.68‰, −4.00‰, and −3.16‰, respectively. The δ18O in these layers were higher than that in the lower layers, indicating that evaporation was mainly from the shallow layers. The δ18O for the soil water in the unsaturated zone in the grassland, shrubland, and forestland of the temporal variability decreases with depth and approaches a minimum value at 160 cm, 180 cm, and 200 cm, respectively, suggesting that the soil water is relatively stable many months or even longer. Precipitation was infiltrated with piston and preferential modes, and infiltration demonstrated obvious mixing. Present study demonstrated the δ18O was more sensitive than the soil water content for tracing the maximum infiltration depth of event water and recharge mechanisms. Consequently, we suggested that the land user management such as type, plant density should be considered in the revegetation.
Insecure Security: Emergency Water Supply and Minimum Standards in Countries with a High Supply Reliability
Authors: Bross Lisa , Krause Steffen , Wannewitz Mia , Stock Eva , Sandholz Simone , Wienand Ina
Published: April 2019

Drinking water supply is at the core of both, humanitarian action in times of crisis, as well as national policies for regular and emergency supply. In countries with a continuous water supply, the population mostly relies ingenuously on the permanent availability of tap water due to high supply standards. In case of a disruption in the drinking water infrastructure, minimum supply standards become important for emergency management during disasters. However, wider recognition of this issue is still lacking, particularly in countries facing comparably fewer disruptions. Several international agencies provide guideline values for minimum water provision standards in case of a disaster. Acknowledging that these minimum standards were developed for humanitarian assistance, it remains to be analyzed whether these standards apply to disaster management in countries with high supply standards. Based on a comprehensive literature review of scientific publications and humanitarian guidelines, as well as policies from selected countries, current processes, contents, and shortcomings of emergency water supply planning are assessed. To close the identified gaps, this paper flags potential improvements for emergency water supply planning and identifies future fields of research.
Identification of the Most Suitable Probability Distribution Models for Maximum, Minimum, and Mean Streamflow
Authors: Langat Philip Kibet , Kumar Lalit , Koech Richard
Published: April 2019

Hydrological studies are useful in designing, planning, and managing water resources, infrastructure, and ecosystems. Probability distribution models are applied in extreme flood analysis, drought investigations, reservoir volumes studies, and time-series modelling, among other various hydrological studies. However, the selection of the most suitable probability distribution and associated parameter estimation procedure, as a fundamental step in flood frequency analysis, has remained the most difficult task for many researchers and water practitioners. This paper explains the current approaches that are used to identify the probability distribution functions that are best suited for the estimation of maximum, minimum, and mean streamflows. Then, it compares the performance of six probability distributions, and illustrates four fitting tests, evaluation procedures, and selection procedures through using a river basin as a case study. An assemblage of the latest computer statistical packages in an integrated development environment for the R programming language was applied. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), goodness-of-fit (GoF) tests-based analysis, and information criteria-based selection procedures were used to identify the most suitable distribution models. The results showed that the gamma (Pearson type 3) and lognormal distribution models were the best-fit functions for maximum streamflows, since they had the lowest Akaike Information Criterion values of 1083 and 1081, and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) values corresponding to 1087 and 1086, respectively. The Weibull, GEV, and Gumbel functions were the best-fit functions for the annual minimum flows of the Tana River, while the lognormal and GEV distribution functions the best-fit functions for the annual mean flows of the Tana River. The choices of the selected distribution functions may be used for forecasting hydrologic events and detecting the inherent stochastic characteristics of the hydrologic variables for predictions in the Tana River Basin. This paper also provides a significant contribution to the current understanding of predicting extreme hydrological events for various purposes. It indicates a direction for hydro-meteorological scientists within the current debate surrounding whether to use historical data and trend estimation techniques for predicting future events with issues of non-stationarity and underlying stochastic processes.
The Effect of Reduced Flow on Downstream Water Systems Due to the Kumgangsan Dam under Dry Conditions
Authors: Lee Gwanjae , Lee Hye Won , Lee Yong Seok , Choi Jung Hyun , Yang Jae E. , Lim Kyoung Jae , Kim Jonggun
Published: April 2019

Water resource disputes for Transboundary Rivers are frequent and critical issues among countries. The Kumgangsan Dam was constructed (in North Korea) in the Transboundary River (North Han river) that affects the water resources downstream (in South Korea) of the dam. The amount of water resource (e.g., streamflow, discharge) downstream of the Kumgangsan dam has decreased after the dam construction which might cause decreased hydroelectric power and water pollution in the downstream dams, especially during the dry season. Thus, this study analyzed the changes in the inflow into the Euiam Lake (North Han River) by the construction of the Kumgangsan Dam through hydrological modeling and examined the discharge of Chuncheon Dam (inflow into Euiam Lake) considering the flow control in the Kumgangsan Dam under the dry condition scenario. In addition, the changes of base flow during different seasons were analyzed because the majority of streamflow is contributed by the base flow during dry and drought seasons. As shown in the results, it was found that the discharge from the Kumgangsan Dam has a wide effect on the downstream dams located in South Korea. The inflow of downstream dams was significantly influenced by the discharge of the upstream dam, and the base flow was also affected by the decreased discharge of dams. Based on these findings, upstream dam managements should be carefully considered to maintain the water resource and aquatic ecosystem for the downstream dam watershed. Furthermore, the results of this study can be used as the preliminary information when discussing the problems of water allocation and flood prevention with North Korea.
Dew Point Temperature Estimation: Application of Artificial Intelligence Model Integrated with Nature-Inspired Optimization Algorithms
Authors: Naganna Sujay , Deka Paresh , Ghorbani Mohammad , Biazar Seyed , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Yaseen Zaher
Published: April 2019

Dew point temperature (DPT) is known to fluctuate in space and time regardless of the climatic zone considered. The accurate estimation of the DPT is highly significant for various applications of hydro and agro–climatological researches. The current research investigated the hybridization of a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network with nature-inspired optimization algorithms (i.e., gravitational search (GSA) and firefly (FFA)) to model the DPT of two climatically contrasted (humid and semi-arid) regions in India. Daily time scale measured weather information, such as wet bulb temperature (WBT), vapor pressure (VP), relative humidity (RH), and dew point temperature, was used to build the proposed predictive models. The efficiencies of the proposed hybrid MLP networks (MLP–FFA and MLP–GSA) were authenticated against standard MLP tuned by a Levenberg–Marquardt back-propagation algorithm, extreme learning machine (ELM), and support vector machine (SVM) models. Statistical evaluation metrics such as Nash Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE) were used to validate the model efficiency. The proposed hybrid MLP models exhibited excellent estimation accuracy. The hybridization of MLP with nature-inspired optimization algorithms boosted the estimation accuracy that is clearly owing to the tuning robustness. In general, the applied methodology showed very convincing results for both inspected climate zones.
Residential Flood Loss Assessment and Risk Mapping from High-Resolution Simulation
Authors: Afifi Zulfahmi , Chu Hone-Jay , Kuo Yen-Lien , Hsu Yung-Chia , Wong Hock-Kiet , Zeeshan Ali Muhammad
Published: April 2019

Since the patterns of residential buildings in the urban area are small-sized and dispersed, this study proposes a high-resolution flood loss and risk assessment model to analyze the direct loss and risk impacts caused by floods. The flood inundation simulation with a fine digital elevation model (DEM) provides detailed estimations of flood-inundated areas and their corresponding inundation depths during the 2016 Typhoon Megi and 2017 Typhoon Haitang. The flood loss assessment identifies the impacts of both events on residential areas. The depth-damage table from surveys in the impacted area was applied. Results indicated that the flood simulation with the depth-damage table is an effective way to assess the direct loss of a flood disaster. The study also showed the effects of spatial resolution on the residential loss. The results indicated that the low-resolution model easily caused the estimated error of loss in dispersed residential areas when compared with the high-resolution model. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP), as a multi-criteria decision-making method, was used to identify the weight factor for each vulnerability factor. The flood-vulnerable area was mapped using natural and social vulnerability factors, such as high-resolution DEM, distance to river, distance to fire station, and population density. Eventually, the flood risk map was derived from the vulnerability and flood hazard maps to present the risk level of the flood disaster in the residential areas.
Effect of Planting Density on the Growth and Yield of Sunflower under Mulched Drip Irrigation
Authors: Li Jingang , Qu Zhongyi , Chen Jin , Yang Bo , Huang Yongping
Published: April 2019

A field experiment was conducted to test the suitability of growing sunflower under mulched drip irrigation with saline water in the HID (Hetao Irrigation District), North China. The experiment included five planting densities in which the plant spacing was 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 cm with the same spacing (50 cm) between rows. The results indicated that mulched drip irrigation with saline water was more water-saving than traditional ground irrigation using fresh water, while the irrigation quota increased with the increase of planting density. Little difference of soil salinization was found for the treatments in the 50–100 cm soil layer, which indicated that additional measures should be taken for salt balance with saline water irrigation. The height and leaf area index (LAI) of sunflower increased in response to the increase of plant density, and the head dry matter transferred to the stem at plant densities higher than 47,619 plants/hm2. Though the grain weight and 1000-seed weight decreased with increasing plant density, the achene yield and biomass production increased. This research suggests that a plant spacing of 35 cm with 50 cm of row spacing is more suitable for sunflower mulched drip irrigation with saline water at concentrations of 3.0 g∙L−1.
On the concept of term equivalence
Authors: Yankova Diana
Published: April 2019

The article considers some terminological aspects in the process of harmonization of legislation reflecting on different approaches to the study of terms and especially to synonymy and term equivalence. The various mechanisms available to the translator are examined within the EU context and against the background of Bulgaria’s legal culture. The analysis is based on translations of EU legislation from English into Bulgarian and highlights felicitous choices and techniques employed, as well as recurring inconsistencies in the long and arduous process of approximation of legislation.
Challenging academic presentations
Authors: Hadjikoteva Milka
Published: April 2019

Academic presentations are hard to teach and students frequently have difficulties in their preparation and delivery. This article aims to present some of the findings of researchers in this area related to communication apprehension encountered both by native and non-native speakers of English. It also discusses the notion of high- and low-context cultures as well as various types of organization of presentations and overviews presentations as a process rather than a product developed with New Bulgarian University (NBU) students of EFL courses at level B1-B2 according to CEFR.
The governess as a Gothic heroine in Henry James' "The turn of the screw"
Authors: Gencheva Andrea
Published: April 2019

One of the questions perpetually plaguing the critics of Henry James’ The Turn of the Screw is whether the ghosts are real or the governess had lost her mind. This paper offers an interpretation of James’ novella from the viewpoint of the Gothic novel, and the author draws parallels between the actions and behavior of the young and impressionable governess and those of a heroine from the Gothic genre, taking into account the governess’ narrative style, her repressed self, the evil she faces and finally, the overall position of governesses in Victorian society. The result is an aligning of James’ protagonist with the generally accepted image of a Gothic heroine, thus working towards the conclusion that, seen from the perspective of the Gothic novel, the ghosts are real and the governess is caught in a battle between good and evil, fighting for the children’s souls.
Особенности типов субъектов в переводческой перспективе (Subject types and their characteristics in translation)
Authors: Fomina Marina
Published: April 2019

The paper focuses on the category of semantic subject and its syntactical representation. The concept of subject is shaped by extra-linguistic knowledge and personal experiences as well as by people’s linguistic knowledge. The concept of subject, among other components, includes accumulated knowledge of the semantic roles which the grammatical subject may have in a sentence. The variety of roles accounts for the radially structured category of subject, with some members more central than others. The prototypical grammatical subject – an agent subject − is expressed by the nominative case of a noun which precedes the verb and is typically represented by an animate initiator or do-er of an action. Other types of subject are scattered within the syntactical category of subject being more central or peripheral. Translation-wise, the most “treacherous” types are the peripheral ones.
Perancangan Kampanye Pentingnya Sarapan Sehat Untuk Anak-Anak Sekolah Dasar di Surabaya
Authors: Valencia Vina , Noviadji Benny Rahmawan
Published: April 2019

Anak-anak sering terlihat lemas, mengantuk, kurang konsentrasi, sakit perut dan bahkan maag pada pagi hari. Kesibukan orang tua di pagi hari seringkali melupakan sarapan untuk anak-anak mereka. Padahal, sarapan pagi sangat penting sebagai sumber energi saat beraktivitas di sekolah. Sosialiasi atau pemahaman kepada anak-anak mengenai pentingnya sarapan sehat sangat diperlukan. Salah satu solusinya adalah dengan mengadakan kampanye. Oleh karena itu, sebagai sarana edukasi dan informasi yang efektif mengenai pentingnya sarapan sehat, perlu dibuat kampanye sarapan sehat yang menarik, menyenangkan dan mendidik untuk anak-anak sekolah dasar, orang tua serta guru. Dengan menggunakan film animasi 2D sebagai media utama beserta media pendukungnya. Sehingga, mampu memberikan pengaruh yang baik bagi anak-anak sekolah dasar agar bisa beraktivitas dan belajar dengan baik. Selain itu juga sebagai wacana penyadaran kepada orang tua dan guru tentang pentingnya sarapan.
ANALISA KODE HUFFMAN UNTUK KOMPRESI DATA TEKS
Authors: Pattiasina Timothy John
Published: April 2019

Huffman Algorithm adalah sa1ah satu algoritma kompresi tertua yang disusun oleh David Huffman pada tahun 1952. Algoritrna tersebut digunakan untuk membuat kompresi jenis loss compression, yaitu pemampatan data dimana tidak satu byte pun hilang sehingga data tersebut utuh dan disimpan sesuai dengan aslinya. Prinsip kerja algoritma Huffman adalah mengkodekan setiap karakter ke dalam representasi bit. Representasi bit untuk setiap karakter berbeda satu sama lain berdasarkan frekuensi kemunculan karakter. Semakin sering karakter tersebut muncul, maka semakin pendek panjang representasi bit nya. Sebaliknya bila semakin jarang frekuensi karakter muncul, maka semakin panjang representasi bit untuk karakter tersebut Teknik kompresi algoritma Huffman mampu memberikan penghematan pemakaian memori sampai 30%. Algoritma Huffman mempunyai kompleksitas 0 (n log n) untuk himpunan dengan n karakter.
PENGENALAN TULISAN TANGAN SECARA ONLINE DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE DOMINANT POINT DALAM SUATU BENTUK
Authors: Putra Budiya Surya , Haryanty Eva
Published: April 2019

Dengan perkembangan digital tablets dan microcomputers, pengenalan tulisan tangan secara online telah menjadi suatu topik yang sangat terkenal dalam dunia penelitian sejak tahun 1960-an. Satu alasan mengapa topik ini sangat terkenal adalah bahwa pengenalan tulisan tangan secara online menjanjikan kemudahan dalam memasukkan suatu dara ke dalam komputer dengan cara yang lebih dinamis, yaitu dengan cara menggunakan stylus pen bukan hanya sekedar menggunakan keyboard seperti yang kita lakukan selama ini.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari teknik pengenalan tulisan tangan menggunakan metode dominant points, dan mengetahui seberapa baiknya komputer dalam mengenali suatu tulisan tangan dari user.

Dengan menggunakan pendekatan elastic matching, sistem ini dapat mentoleransi variasi lokal dan bentuk yang rusak seperti polayang melebar dan garis yang keluar dari bentuknya. Dari uji coba yang telah dilakukan, telah disimpulkan bahwa kapan pun seseorang menlis sebuah karakter yang sesuai dengan tulisan template di dalam referensi, maka input tulisan tersebut akan selalu dikenal dengan baik.
Perancangan Aplikasi Rekomendasi Pemilihan Lokasi Rumah dengan Memanfaatkan Fuzzy Database Metode Tahani
Authors: Dharma Sathya Adi , Pattiasina Timothy John , Trianto Edwin Meinardi
Published: April 2019

Pemilihan lokasi rumah memerlukan beberapa kriteria yang cocok dengan kebutuhan konsumen. Biasanya konsumen mencari informasi perumahan lewat brosur-brosur rumah atau mengunjungi pameran perumahan. Hal itu dirasa kurang efektif karena memerlukan waktu yang lama. Salah satu cara dalam menentukan lokasi rumah adalah dengan menggunakan fuzzy database dengan model Tahani. Fuzzy database model Tahani merupakan salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan pada proses pengambilan keputusan. Dalam penelitian ini, aplikasi fuzzy database model Tahani dibangun untuk membantu pihak agen perumahan dalam memberikan rekomendasi rumah kepada konsumen, sehingga konsumen dapat memilih rumah sesuai dengan kriteria yang dipilihnya dengan lebih cepat dan mudah. Pada aplikasi yang telah dibangun, hasil rekomendasi rumah didasarkan pada nilai derajat keanggotaan dan fire strength (nilai kebenaran) dari proses perhitungan di dalam aplikasi tersebut.
Rancang Bangun Prototipe Mobil Penjelajah Dengan Kendali Jarak Jauh Melalui Jaringan Wi-Fi Berbasis Antarmuka Web
Authors: Rohman Qisthi Al Hazmi Hidayatur , Salahuddin Nur Sultan
Published: April 2019

Perkembangan teknologi berkembang sangat cepat, khususnya pada bidang robotika. Perkembangan teknologi telekomunikasi juga memiliki peran dalam perkembangan robotika, yaitu dalam hal teknologi komunikasinya. Mobil penjelajah merupakan aplikasi dari dunia robotika. Robot sudah banyak digunakan untuk banyak kasus, khususnya untuk penjelajahan suatu wilayah. Menjelajah suatu area yang tergolong berbahaya, seperti daerah kebakaran atau daerah yang memiliki tingkat kadar gas yang berbahaya cukup tinggi. Prototipe robot penjelajah ini bertujuan untuk membantu manusia dalam melakukan penjelajahan di area yang berbahaya tersebut. Pada robot penjelajah ini, digunakan beberapa perangkat yang dapat mendukung penjelajahan dengan jarak jauh, yaitu penggunaan Raspberry Pi sebagai komputer di robot ini, penggunaan wireless router yang berfungsi untuk komunikasi antara manusia dengan mobil penjelajah, sensor GPS yang bertujuan memberikan lokasi mobil, dan sensor kualitas udara yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar gas pada area sekitar mobil. Halaman Web digunakan untuk antarmuka kendali mobil penjelajah.
Pemanfaatan E-Commerce Sebagai Solusi Inovasi Dalam Menjaga Sustainability Bisnis
Authors: Wirapraja Alexander , Aribowo Handy
Published: April 2019

Proses peralihan bisnis dari konvensional menjadi digital menyebabkan perusahaan perlu memikirkan langkah strategis untuk membuat bagaimana proses bisnis yang ada di dalamya menjadi keberlanjutan. Salah satu caranya adalah memanfaatkan perkembangan teknologi pada bidang pemasaran yang mengubah cara pengerjaan suatu pekerjaan dari cara konvensional mengarah kepada teknologi digital dengan memanfaatkan e-commerce. Pertumbuhan pengguna internet yang semakin pesat pada tahun 2017 sebesar 143,26 juta juga menjadi faktor utama pergeseran perilaku belanja masyarakat menjadi lebih dinamis, dimana konsumen menginginkan distribusi produk yang lebih cepat dengan hasil yang lebih baik. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tinjauan konseptual, yaitu metode yang dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data dan informasi yang berkaitan potensi pasar, perubahan perilaku konsumen dan bagaimana memanfaatkan teknologi e-commerce sebagai solusi alternatif dalam melakukan inovasi pada strategi pemasaran dengan tujuan untuk menjaring potensi pasar yang lebih besar.
Sistem Informasi Forum Diskusi Programmer Berbasis Web Menggunakan Rapid Application Development
Authors: Supriyatna Adi , Nugroho Mas Aji Sapto
Published: April 2019

Programmer merupakan sebuah profesi yang bertanggung jawab terhadap pengembangan aplikasi atau sistem informasi. Aplikasi-aplikasi yang dibuat tentu memiliki banyak manfaat terutama terhadap user. Saat ini, ada banyak sekali bahasa pemrograman yang umum digunakan oleh para programmer. PHP, C#, VB. NET, dan Java merupakan beberapa contoh bahasa pemrograman yang saat ini banyak digunakan oleh para programmer. Oleh karena itu seorang programmer tentu harus bisa menguasai banyak bahasa pemrograman agar dapat menunjang suatu pekerjaan. Sebuah aplikasi terdiri dari berbagai macam kasus–kasus ataupun kondisi khusus agar aplikasi tersebut dapat berjalan sesuai dengan apa yang diinginkan oleh pengguna. Namun bagaimana apabila programmer menemukan kasus yang sulit untuk diselesaikan terkait source code, syntax ataupun logika algoritma. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membangun sebuah sistem informasi forum diskusi online yang dapat mendokumentasikan dengan baik syntax–syntax dan kasus yang telah diselesaikan. Mampu menyediakan media sharing dan diskusi secara online serta memberikan kemudahan dalam berbagi ilmu dan pengetahuan antar programmer. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rapid Application Development (RAD). Dalam hal ini dengan adanya forum diskusi online ini tentu akan bermanfaat karena segala sesuatu yang dibahas oleh programmer akan otomatis terdokumentasi sehingga programmer ketika menemukan sebuah kasus yang sulit dapat dengan mudah untuk mengatasinya. Dengan begitu programmer dapat meningkatkan kualitas terhadap aplikasi yang dikembangkan.
Recalibrating Productivity: Factors Involved
Authors: Bauer Laurie , Beliaeva Natalia , Tarasova Elizaveta
Published: April 2019

This paper approaches productivity by considering three case studies: compounds, blends and phrasal verbs. The aim of the paper is to encourage a discussion about the factors involved in the notion of productivity, and to show why so many of the established measures are not completely satisfactory or are interpreted in a way that is not.
 
Dieser Beitrag ist ursprünglich im Peter-Lang-Verlag erschienen (https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/plg/jwf/2019/00000003/00000001/art00002)
Synthesis of P- and N-doped carbon catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction via controlled phosphoric acid treatment of folic acid
Authors: Kobayashi Rieko , Ishii Takafumi , Imashiro Yasuo , Ozaki Jun-ichi
Published: April 2019

Herein, we synthesized N- and P-doped carbons (PN-doped carbons) by controlled phosphoric acid treatment (CPAT) of folic acid (FA) and probed their ability to catalyze the oxygen reduction reaction at the cathode of a fuel cell. Precursors obtained by heating FA in the presence of phosphoric acid at temperatures of 400–1000 °C were further annealed at 1000 °C to afford PN-doped carbons. The extent of precursor P-doping was maximized at 700 °C, and the use of higher temperatures resulted in activation and increased porosity rather than in increased P content. The P/C atomic ratios of PN-doped carbons were well correlated with those of precursors, which indicated that CPAT was well suited for the preparation of PN-doped carbons. Carbon prepared using a CPAT temperature of 700 °C exhibited the highest oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and was shown to contain –C–PO2 and –C–PO3 moieties as the major P species and pyridinic N as the major N species; moreover, no N–P bonds were detected. The presence of –C–PO2 and –C–PO3 units was concluded to decrease the work function and thus raise the Fermi level above the standard O2/H2O reduction potential, which resulted in enhanced ORR activity. Finally, CPAT was concluded to be applicable to the synthesis of PN-doped carbons from N-containing organic compounds other than FA.
A MODEL OF INTENSIVE OIL BURNOUT FROM GLASS FABRIC
Authors: Buikis A. , Kalis H. , Millere R.
Published: April 2019

Darbe toliau sistemingai nagrinejami stiklo gaminimo procesu matematiniai modeliai. Tiriama ivairiu faktoriu (stiklo mases judejimo greičio, metalo plokšteliu savybiu, gaminio storio) itaka stiklo gaminio kokybei. Kadangi aliejaus išdeginimas vyksta labai aukštoje temperatūroje ir labai trumpai, tai matematiniai modeliai leidžia detaliai ištirti procesa bei parinkti optimalias parametru reikšmes. Matematini modeli sudaro nestacionari lygtis, aprašanti difuzijos, konvekcijos ir chemines reakcijos procesus. Vidurkinimo metodu uždavinys suvedamas i vienmati modeli. Chemines reakcijos greitis modeliuojamas panaudojant Aremijaus modeli. Pateikiami skaičiavimo eksperimento rezultatai.
RATIONAL ROLLING BALL BLENDING OF NATURAL QUADRICS
Authors: Karčiauskas K. , Krasauskas R.
Published: April 2019

We construct a blending surface of two natural quadrics using rational variable rolling ball approach, i.e. as a canal surface with a rational spine curve and a rational radius. All general positions of the given quadric surfaces are considered. The proposed construction is Laguerre invariant. In particular, the blending surface has rational offset of the same degree.
HYBRID MODELLING IN STRATIFIED DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS. I
Authors: Kolesnikov A. , Yashin A.
Published: April 2019

The paper studies the basic problems of Artificial Intelligence, such as integration of difference attributes of human intellect. For this purpose we have been created synergetic systems that are hybrid intelligent systems (HYIS). The paper shows the world of decision support problems and the world of modelling approaches evolution. The term ‘heterogeneous problem’ for decision support systems is discussed. Two models of interaction between the problems world and the methods world also the results of HYIS creating are discussed. The formalism of HYIS is introduced.
ON WELL-POSEDNESS OF NONLINEAR CONJUGATION BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM FOR ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS
Authors: Rogosin S. V.
Published: April 2019

We consider power type nonlinear conjugation problem for analytic functions. Our main question is to make this problem well‐posed, i.e. to find such classes of functions in which this problem possesses a unique solution. These classes are those with prescribed collections of zeros in the domains and/or on their boundaries.