bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison Of Maternal And Perinatal Outcome Of Isolated Borderline Amniotic Fluid Index Versus Normal Amniotic Fluid In Low-Risk Pregnancies At Term
Authors: Kalsoom Shabana , Majeed Noreen Majeed , Riaz Mamoona , Mehdi Mehreen , Asif Khair-un-Nisa , Mushtaq Iram
Published: May 2024

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the maternal and perinatal outcomes in low-risk pregnancies having borderline Amniotic fluid index with normal amniotic fluid index at term.
Methods: This prospective observational study, included 540 low-risk pregnant women admitted at POF Hospital Wah Cantt between 1st June 2020-31st Dec 2022. Group A had 180 women with borderline AFI having normal umbilical artery Doppler and group B had 360 women with normal AFI between 37-40 weeks, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The data regarding baseline characteristics and fetomaternal outcome was collected on an already designed proforma and analysis was done by using SPSS version 23.
Results: The difference in overall cesarean section rate (p=0.071) and cesarean section for fetal distress (p=0.076) was not statistically significant between the two groups. The borderline AFI did not increase the risk of meconium-stained liquor (p=0.116), 5minute APGAR score <7 (p=0.218), admission to NICU (p=0.064) and low birth weight (mean birth weights p=0.278) compared to normal AFI.
Conclusion: Borderline oligohydramnios does not increase the risk of cesarean section and cesarean section for fetal distress. There is no increase in the risk of meconium-stained liquor, 5-minute APGAR score<7, admission to NICU and low birth weight.
Keywords: Amniotic fluid index, borderline oligohydramnios, cesarean section, fetal distress, meconium-stained liquor.
To Determine Mean Change In Weight Of Patients Undergoing Maxillomandibular Fixation
Authors: Mushtaq Osama , Shuja Eruj , Ahmed Momina , Hassan Amna , Asim Muhammad Adil , Siddiq Maimona
Published: May 2024

Objective: Optimum management of patient needs is the most important step for the restoration of form and function. Maxillomandibular fixation is one of the treatment modalities used very frequently in maxillofacial surgery. This study aims to determine the mean change in weight in patients undergoing Maxillomandibular Fixation.
Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Foundation University Medical College from 27th April 2018 to 22nd January 2019.
This study included patients male and female, who presented with maxillofacial trauma, orthognathic surgery and procedures in which MMF ( Maxillomandibular fixation ) was indicated were included in this study. Pre-operative weight was measured in kilograms with an analogue weight machine and designated as W1. Patients were advised to a liquid diet and kept on follow-up. After four weeks of MMF again weight of the patient was measured and designated as W2. Follow-up was done through the patient's contact number.
Results: In this study, the mean weight of patients preoperatively was 59.46±12.23 Kg. The postoperative mean weight of patients was 57.81±11.58 Kg. A decrease of 1.65 Kg was seen in the patient’s weight postoperatively.  No significant difference was seen for weight change in patients postoperatively with age, gender, educational status, occupational status, socioeconomic status and an indication of MMF.
Conclusion: Results of this study showed weight loss in patients who underwent maxillomandibular fixation. This factor should be considered during the perioperative period to prevent postoperative complications, postoperative weight loss, and malnutrition of patients undergoing maxillomandibular surgery and reflect the need for guidance on diet postoperatively, mainly directed to frequency of feeding and high protein liquid diet and nutritional supplements.
Keywords: Body mass index, Facial trauma, Maxillomandibular Fixation, Mandibular fracture, Open reduction internal fixation, Orthognathic surgery, Weight loss.
Complications In The Management Of High-Energy Closed Fractures Of Proximal Tibial Plateau. A Retrospective Study
Authors: Akhtar Rahman Rasool , Ali Waqas , Ahmed Riaz , Kashmiri Muhammad Nadeem , Waris Hira , Haider Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Objective: To analyze the management of high-energy Schatzker type V and VI tibial plateau fractures which are associated with infectious and noninfectious complications.
Methods: This study was carried out in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rawalpindi Medical University from July 1, 2018, to June 30, 2021. This is a retrospective study which is done in three years. Patients had to be between the ages of 18 and 60, have no history of arthritis, have a closed fracture of the proximal tibia (Schatzker type V and VI), or have AO type 41-C1, C2 or C3 involvement of the lower limb. Each patient received treatment using techniques such as internal fixation with locking plates and open reduction which are minimally invasive.
Results: This study involved a total of 132 patients.Mean age was 35.15±10.59.115(87%) were men and 17(13%) were women out of 132. A total of 39 out of 132 patients experienced complications (29.54%). Infectious complications (18.93%) were found in (25/132) patients 16 out of 25 patients had superficial infections. Routine dressing changes and antibiotic treatment were carried out in patients who had superficial infections.9 out of 25 patients who had faced a deep-seated infection underwent repeated implant removal, debridements, amputation, and flap covering depending on the reaction of the host. Noninfectious complications had been reported in 14 patients(10.6%). Six patients had hardware-related issues and four of them required a secondary treatment.08 individuals had malalignment, with five of them having it in their immediate postoperative radiographs and three others having it in their late postoperative radiographs.
Conclusion: In closed wounds, substantial soft tissue destruction is linked to the fractures of the proximal tibial plateau, particularly Shatzker type V and VI. By selecting the right patients and minimising soft tissue dissection, the problems related to the management of these fractures can be reduced.
Keywords: Proximal tibial plateau, Malalignment, Infectious complications, Debridement, Schatzker type V and VI.
Effect Of Zinc And Ingredients Of Protein Supplement On Sperm Parameters And Male Reproductive Hormones- An RCT Study
Authors: Safdar Saira , Mughal Irfan Afzal , Ain Noor Ul , Jabeen Sidra , Farooq Muhammad Hassaan , Irfan Asma
Published: May 2024

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the protective effects of zinc against injury to sperm parameters and male reproductive hormones brought on by toxic protein supplement constituents.
Methods: 30 male Sprague Dawley rats were used in the study, of which 10 were in Group 1 (given standard laboratory food), 10 were in Group 2, fed standard laboratory food nutritional supplement powder and 10 were in Group 3, fed standard laboratory food, nutritional supplement powder and zinc. Semen Analysis of Male Sprague Dawley rats of all 3 groups was evaluated after 8 weeks. Sperm parameters and serum levels of Male Reproductive Hormones were measured at the beginning and the end of the study.
Results: There was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in Mean ± SEM of sperm count millions /ml, sperm motility (%), and normal sperm morphology (%) in Group 2 rats when compared with Group 1. Zinc supplement in Group 3 caused a significant increase (P<0.05) in Mean ± SEM of sperm parameters including sperm count millions /ml, sperm motility (%) and normal sperm morphology (%) as compared to Group 2 rats.
Mean ± SEM of serum level of testosterone Hormone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone(FSH), and Luteinizing Hormone(LH) of Group 2 rats showed a significant (P<0.05) decrease when compared with Group 1 rats. However, the use of Zinc in Group 3 rats significantly (P<0.05) increased serum Testosterone, FSH, and LH levels when compared to Group 2. No significant difference was noted between serum levels of Testosterone, in Group 1 and Group 3. Serum levels of FSH and LH in Group 3 rats (484.81+ 78.17 ng/ml) were significantly increased (P<0.05) as compared to Group 1 rats.
Conclusion: Regular addition of antioxidant Zinc with protein supplements has the potential to restore normal functions of the male reproductive system.
Keywords: Protein supplements, Soy Protein, Silicon dioxide, Zinc, Sperm parameters, Testosterone, Follicle stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone.
Use Of Apitherapy: A Sweet Approach To Bony Healing Of Extracted Tooth Socket
Authors: Ayub Tahera , Kashif Mehwash , Abbasi Sahar , Baig Mirza Hamid , Azeem Syeda Arzoo , Aleem Abdul
Published: May 2024

Objective: To determine the effect of honey in enhancing the height of bony socket healing after tooth extraction.
Methods: This Quasi-experimental study includes 100 patients had were selected through convenience sampling and divided into two groups, i.e. 50 each. A tooth radiograph was taken both preoperatively and postoperatively followed by nonsurgical extraction of tooth. The experimental group was provided with honey and instructed to apply it 3 times daily for the next 10 days using an I/V syringe so that honey reached up to the depth of the socket during the initial healing phase. On the 90th postoperative day, patients were repeated with the periapical radiograph. The bony outline of the extracted tooth socket was traced on a tracing paper on the preoperative radiograph and the 90th postoperative day of the radiograph and compared for wound healing by overlapping and measuring the height through a ruler. Hence, the post-operative height of the socket was evaluated in both groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0.
Results: The mean age was 30.76 ± 6.57 and 31.02 ± 5.97 years in the non-honey and honey group respectively. A total of 24 (48%) subjects were male in the honey group compared with the non-honey group 19 (38%). Females were 26 (52%) and 31 (62%) in the honey group and non-honey group. Statistically significant  (p-value 0.001) was observed between the radiological Height of the socket on 90 days in honey and non-honey groups.
Conclusion: It has been determined that honey is significantly efficient honey in enhancing the height of bony socket healing after tooth extraction. To encourage adequate socket repair after tooth extraction, it may be given as a postoperative treatment.
Frequency And Determinants Of Chronic Lower Back Pain Among Patients Presenting To Primary Care Clinics In Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Amir Rabbiya , Jehangir Fatima , Muhammad Misbah , Ahsan Nida J. , Adnan Tariq
Published: May 2024

Objective: To ascertain the determinants of chronic lower back pain among patients presenting in primary care clinics.
Methods: 300 participants from 18 to 75 years of age were enrolled from Primary Care Clinics, Primary Health Center, Sikanderabad and Family Medicine Health Center, Clifton, for a Cross-sectional study that was done from December 1, 2020, to June 30, 2021. Consultant family physicians took informed consent and then asked relevant history questions and performed a relevant physical examination, such as a straight leg raise on the patients.
Results: The frequency of chronic lower back pain came out to be 16.7%(50). The median age was 31.99+15.7 years. For those who had chronic back pain, the majority were regularly taking Cholecalciferol supplements ( 20.8% p-value 0.05). The effect of depression increases the chances (0.688) of chronic lower back pain. (p-value 0.006)
Conclusion: In our study, we concluded that lower back pain, especially chronic in duration, is very rampant in the community with male predominance. The majority reported a dull type of pain. Depressed people are more vulnerable to developing chronic back pain.
Keywords: LBP (lower back pain), magnitude, restricted mobility, S.I. joint (Sacroiliac joint), community..
Maternal And Fetal Outcome in Placenta Previa: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Khan Beenish , Jabeen Syeda Surayya , Khan Fatima Sharif , Mumtaz Faria , Gul Reema , Nawaz Qudsia
Published: May 2024

Objective: To find out the frequency of placenta previa and maternal and fetal outcomes in cases of placenta previa in our population.
Methods: All women with an age range from 18-40 years diagnosed with placenta previa based on ultrasound were recruited with the study. Data including patient age, parity, previous normal deliveries, previous caesarian sections, grade of the placenta previa and history of previous pregnancies was recorded. Maternal complications including post-partum haemorrhage, hysterectomy and death were also recorded. Fetal complications including low APGAR score at five minutes, low birth weight and death were also recorded.
Results: The age group between 26-35 years seems to have the highest incidence of placenta previa (62.58%). Post-partum haemorrhage was seen in 57 (38.77%) patients. Post-partum haemorrhage was strongly associated with the grade of placenta previa. Emergency obstetric hysterectomy was done in 7 (4.76%) patients. Two (1.36%) patients died of complications. Out of 147, 38 (25.85%) had low APGAR scores, 52 (35.37%) had low birth weight and 12 (8.16%) died of various complications.
Conclusion: Placenta previa has become a very common condition which may be attributable to higher rates of caesarians. It may lead to increased morbidity and mortality of the mother and the baby if not diagnosed and managed properly. These cases should be managed by experienced multidisciplinary teams in a tertiary care centre to minimize the rate of complications.
Keywords: APGAR score, Intrauterine growth retardation,Neonatal, Placenta previa, Postpartum haemorrhage
The Effects Of Acute Kidney Injury On The Outcomes Of Patients With Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Mahmud Mahvesh , Baqai Khurram , Kumar Ashok
Published: May 2024

Objective: To determine the clinical outcomes of patients with acute kidney injury in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), as it is a very frequently encountered condition with high morbidity and treatment costs. We aimed to study the differences in clinical outcomes in patients with UGIB who developed acute kidney injury (AKI) and those who did not.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between Jan 1 and Jun 30, 2023, at a private hospital in Karachi. 200 cases with upper gastrointestinal bleeding were recruited by non-probability sampling after participant assent. 100 patients comprised the acute kidney injury (AKI group) and 100 patients were without AKI. Participants documented age, gender, and co-morbidities in a self-structured questionnaire. Clinical outcomes i.e. hypoalbuminemia, hospital stay and mortality were evaluated and compared.
Results: Mean age was 45.03+9.17 years in AKI group and 45.57+9.31 years in without AKI, p-value=0.680, albumin levels in AKI was 2.74+0.43 and without AKI 3.18+0.31, p-value=0.00, Hb level in AKI group was 9.07+0.83 and without AKI 9.54+1.04, p-value=0.001, mean hospital stay in AKI group was 5.21+1.00 and without AKI group 4.20+0.96 days, p-value=0.000. A comparison of the two groups regarding gender and clinical outcome shows that 58 (58%) in AKI and 56%(56) without AKI were male whereas 42 (42%) in AKI and 44 (44%) without AKI were females, mortality in AKI group was 27(27%) and in without AKI group 8(8%) cases, p-value=0.000. 
Conclusion:  We concluded that the rate of clinical outcome in terms of hospital stay, hypoalbuminemia and mortality was adverse in upper gastrointestinal bleeding with AKI than those without AKI.
Keywords: Acute kidney injury, gastrointestinal bleeding, clinical outcome.
Association Of Functional Dyspepsia With Depression; Gut-Brain Axis And Mental Health
Authors: Shams Nadia , Usmani Fareya , Andaleeb Hina , Niaz Furquana , Meraj Lubna , Munir Nargis
Published: May 2024

Objective: Current study aimed to determine the frequency and associations of depression in patients with & without Functional dyspepsia.
Method: This case control study was conducted at Dept. of Medicine, RIHS, Islamabad (Jan-June 2023) after ethical approval. Cases & controls (150 each) were selected from outdoor clinics according to inclusion/exclusion criteria & informed consent was obtained. The previous medical record (including findings of upper GI Endoscopy) reviewed. Selected cases and controls were asked questions from DSM-IV Criteria of Depression. Data analyzed by SPSS with significant p<0.05.
Results: There were 72(48 %) males & 78(52%) females in each group. Mean age was 43.7+13.79 years (FD patients) vs. 46.24+15.27 years (controls). Mean BMI was 24.84+4.18 (FD patients) vs. 25.38+4.52 (controls). There was no significant difference in gender, marital status & background of both groups. There was significantly more depression in FD patients Vs. controls (p<0.05). Among FD patients 57(38%) had major depression, 41(27.33%) minor depression & 52(34.66%) were not depressed. Among controls 41(27.33%) had major depression, 30(20%) minor depression & 79(52.66%) not depressed. Among FD patients, depression wasn’t associated with age. Controls above 40 years had significantly higher major depression (p<0.001). Female gender & unemployment was significantly associated with depression in both the groups (p<0.05).  49.3% of FD patients were employed vs. 67.3% of controls.
Conclusion: The adjustment for gender, age, marital status, BMI, background & monthly income confirmed the association between Functional dyspepsia & depression. Female gender, unemployment and low educational status being possible risk factors for depression among FD patients. As compared to normal healthy people, FD patients are likely to have depression at younger age.
Key words: Functional dyspepsia. Depression. DSM-IV Criteria
The Impact of Maternal Weight With Fetal Outcome; A Cohort Study In An Underdeveloped Region Of Pakistan
Authors: Momina Shahzad Bashir , Mushtaq Naila , Butt Suniya Arshad , Nawaz Sobia , Asad Ayesha , Syed Shazia
Published: May 2024

Objective: This study has been conducted to observe the association of maternal weight with fetal outcomes among women in an underdeveloped region of interior Sindh.
Methods: This was an observational study conducted at CMH Hospital Choor, from 1st November 2021 to 30th April 2022, on 84 pregnant women. All antenatal women as early as 16 weeks presented for antenatal visits, were included. Their BMI (body mass index) was calculated. Their increase in weight during pregnancy was noted. Any pre-existing medical complications (hypertension) antenatal or intrapartum complications (including Anemia, Preterm labour, IUGR, and fetal distress) were noted in the mother. The fetal APGAR score was calculated. The passage of meconium and, the need for NICU admission were noted.
Results: There is a positive but insignificant and weak correlation between maternal and birth weight using Pearson correlation analysis. The correlation between the above two variables is 0.069 which is positive but weak. It was found that there was a significant association between low maternal weight and NICU admission of the baby at delivery, p-value < 0.05. There were 33 cases (39%) with low maternal weight of 35-46kg and 51 (61%) cases with normal weight of 47-58 kg. There was only one case of meconium aspiration.
Conclusion: Women who had low BMI during the antenatal period were observed to be associated with increased morbidity and poor perinatal outcome of the fetus in terms of poor APGAR score, meconium staining and need for NICU admission.
Keywords: BMI, IUGR, preterm labour, meconium staining, APGAR score
On the Formation of the W-shaped O ii Lines in Spectra of Type I Superluminous Supernovae
Authors: Saito Sei , Tanaka Masaomi , Mazzali Paolo A. , Hachinger Stephan , Hotokezaka Kenta
Published: May 2024

H-poor Type I superluminous supernovae (SLSNe I) are characterized by O ii lines around 4000–4500 Å in pre-/near-maximum spectra, the so-called W-shaped O ii lines. As these lines are from relatively high excitation levels, they have been considered a sign of nonthermal processes, which may provide a hint of the power sources of SLSNe I. However, the conditions for these lines to appear have not been well understood. In this work, we systematically calculate synthetic spectra to reproduce the observed spectra of eight SLSNe I, parameterizing departure coefficients from the nebular approximation in the supernova ejecta (expressed as b
neb). We find that most of the observed spectra can be well reproduced with b
neb ≲ 10, which means that no strong departure is necessary for the formation of the W-shaped O ii lines. We also show that the appearance of the W-shaped O ii lines is sensitive to temperature; only spectra with temperatures in the range of T ∼ 14,000–16,000 K can produce the W-shaped O ii lines without large departures. Based on this, we constrain the nonthermal ionization rate near the photosphere. Our results suggest that spectral features of SLSNe I can give independent constraints on the power source through the nonthermal ionization rates.
Optical Photometric Indicators of Galaxy Cluster Relaxation
Authors: Casas Madeline C. , Putnam Ky , Mantz Adam B. , Allen Steven W. , Somboonpanyakul Taweewat
Published: May 2024

The most dynamically relaxed clusters of galaxies play a special role in cosmological studies as well as astrophysical studies of the intracluster medium (ICM) and active galactic nucleus feedback. While high-spatial-resolution imaging of the morphology of the ICM has long been the gold standard for establishing a cluster’s dynamical state, such data are not available from current or planned surveys, and thus require separate, pointed follow-up observations. With optical and/or near-IR photometric imaging, and red-sequence cluster finding results from those data, expected to be ubiquitously available for clusters discovered in upcoming optical and millimeter-wavelength surveys, it is worth asking how effectively photometric data alone can identify relaxed cluster candidates, before investing in, e.g., high-resolution X-ray observations. Here we assess the ability of several simple photometric measurements, based on the redMaPPer cluster finder run on Sloan Digital Sky Survey data, to reproduce X-ray classifications of dynamical state for an X-ray selected sample of massive clusters. We find that two simple metrics contrasting the bright central galaxy (BCG) to other cluster members can identify a complete sample of relaxed clusters with a purity of ∼40% in our data set. Including minimal ICM information in the form of a center position increases the purity to ∼60%. However, all three metrics depend critically on correctly identifying the BCG, which is presently a challenge for optical red-sequence cluster finders.
High-resolution Pan-STARRS and SMA Observations of IRAS 23077+6707: A Giant Edge-on Protoplanetary Disk
Authors: Monsch Kristina , Lovell Joshua Bennett , Berghea Ciprian T. , Edenhofer Gordian , Keating Garrett K. , Andrews Sean M. , Bayyari Ammar , Drake Jeremy J. , Wilner David J.
Published: May 2024

We present resolved images of IRAS 23077+6707 (“Dracula’s Chivito”) in 1.3 mm/225 GHz thermal dust and CO gas emission with the Submillimeter Array (SMA) and optical (0.5–0.8 μm) scattered light with the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS). The Pan-STARRS data show a bipolar distribution of optically scattering dust that is characteristic for disks observed at high inclinations. Its scattered light emission spans ∼14″, with two highly asymmetric filaments extending along the upper bounds of each nebula by ∼9″. The SMA data measure 1.3 mm continuum dust as well as 12CO, 13CO, and C18O J = 2 − 1 line emission over 12″–14″ extents, with the gas presenting the typical morphology of a disk in Keplerian rotation, in both position–velocity space and in each CO line spectrum. IRAS 23077+6707 has no reported distance estimate, but if it is located in the Cepheus star-forming region (180–800 pc), it would have a radius spanning thousands of astronomical units. Taken together, we infer IRAS 23077+6707 to be a giant and gas-rich edge-on protoplanetary disk, which to our knowledge is the largest in extent so far discovered.
Improving Photometric Redshift Estimates with Training Sample Augmentation
Authors: Moskowitz Irene , Gawiser Eric , Crenshaw John Franklin , Andrews Brett H. , Malz Alex I. , Schmidt Samuel ,   The LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration
Published: May 2024

Large imaging surveys will rely on photometric redshifts (photo-z's), which are typically estimated through machine-learning methods. Currently planned spectroscopic surveys will not be deep enough to produce a representative training sample for Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), so we seek methods to improve the photo-z estimates that arise from nonrepresentative training samples. Spectroscopic training samples for photo-z's are biased toward redder, brighter galaxies, which also tend to be at lower redshift than the typical galaxy observed by LSST, leading to poor photo-z estimates with outlier fractions nearly 4 times larger than for a representative training sample. In this Letter, we apply the concept of training sample augmentation, where we augment simulated nonrepresentative training samples with simulated galaxies possessing otherwise unrepresented features. When we select simulated galaxies with (g-z) color, i-band magnitude, and redshift outside the range of the original training sample, we are able to reduce the outlier fraction of the photo-z estimates for simulated LSST data by nearly 50% and the normalized median absolute deviation (NMAD) by 56%. When compared to a fully representative training sample, augmentation can recover nearly 70% of the degradation in the outlier fraction and 80% of the degradation in NMAD. Training sample augmentation is a simple and effective way to improve training samples for photo-z's without requiring additional spectroscopic samples.
Landings of Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758) in northern Peru indicate a lack of adult specimens
Authors: De La Cruz Barrueto Katicsa Natalie , Kaneshima González Kenyi , Culquichicón Malpica Zoila Gladis , Tresierra Aguilar Alvaro Edmundo , Veneros Urbina Bilmia
Published: May 2024

A commercial fishery for the smooth hammerhead shark (Sphyrna zygaena) exists in the waters off northern Peru. Although international and domestic norms regulate this species, adult specimens are becoming rare. Monthly visits to four ports in the La Libertad region were made to measure S. zygaena landings and understand the present state of the fishery. We found that 92% of the specimens landed were juveniles or younger and that 10% of the original biomass remains in the fishery. This highlights that stricter regulations such as protecting breeding areas, establishing a legal catch length, and limiting the catch volume and fishing season are urgently needed to maintain a sustainable fishery.
Partial substitution of fish meal by biofloc meal in diets for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Rostro Carlos Iván Pérez , Collí Alfredo Gallardo , Vergara Martha Patricia Hernández
Published: May 2024

The effect of a partial substitute of fish meal by biofloc meal on the growth and survival of fry Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus was evaluated over nine weeks. Two biofloc meals were obtained by drying them in two processes: A) sun exposure and B) convection oven. A randomized design of eight isonitrogenous (40%) and isoenergetic (17 kJ g-1) diets was used, where 5, 10, 15, and 20% of the fish meal was substituted for the two biofloc meals. The nutritional study was conducted in a recirculating aquaculture system with Nile tilapia fry (initial weight: 0.64 ± 0.16 g). The survival range was similar in all treatments and higher than 97%. Tilapia fed with the treatments A5, A10, B5, and B10 of substitution of biofloc meal showed similar and significantly better final weight, individual weight gain, specific growth rate, and condition factor than A15, A20, B15, and B20 treatments; as well as efficiency of use of the feed: protein efficiency ratio, carcass nitrogen deposition, apparent nitrogen utilization, and apparent digestibility. Therefore, these results suggest that biofloc meal is possible in diets for tilapia, thus reducing the need for fishmeal as the main source of protein in the diet.
First record of a proseriate flatworm predating on a rhabdocoel (Platyhelminthes: Proseriata and Rhabdocoela)
Authors: Sanjuan Hernández Claudia , Curini-Galletti Marco , Monnens Marlies , Artois Tom , Diez Yander L.
Published: May 2024

Microturbellarian flatworms comprise a diverse assemblage amongst meiofauna. These animals primarily exhibit carnivorous feeding habits, preying on various organisms, such as crustaceans, annelids and even other microturbellarians. However, details of their diet are poorly known. This study represents the first documentation of a proseriate preying upon a rhabdocoel. The proseriate was extracted from the sediment and studied alive. Within its digestive tract, structures of the reproductive systems of its prey were observed and identified as belonging to Phonorhynchopsis haegheni, a predatory turbellarian as well. No remains of any other organisms were detected. This finding underscores the relevance of Proseriata as top-level predators within the meiofaunal trophic web, a role that warrants further consideration beyond what has been previously acknowledged.
Impact of land surface model schemes in snow-dominated arid and semiarid watersheds using the WRF-hydro modeling systems
Authors: Hussainzada Wahidullah , Lee Han Soo
Published: May 2024

In the past century, water demand increased extensively due to the rapid growth of the human population. Ground observations can reveal hydrological dynamics but are expensive in the long term. Alternatively, hydrological models could be utilized for assessing streamflow with historical observations as the control point. Despite the advancements in hydrological modeling systems, watershed modeling over mountainous regions with complex terrain remains challenging. This study utilized the multi-physical Weather Research and Forecasting Hydrological enhancement model (WRF-Hydro), fully distributed over the Amu River Basin (ARB) in Afghanistan. The calibration process focused on land surface model (LSM) physics options and hydrological parameters within the model. The findings emphasize the importance of LSM for accurate simulation of snowmelt–runoff processes over mountainous regions. Correlation coefficient (R), coefficient of determination (R2), Nash-Sutcliff efficiency (NSE), and Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE) were adopted for accuracy assessment over five discharge observation stations at a daily time scale; overall performance results were as follows: R was 0.85–0.42, R2 was 0.73–0.17, NSE was 0.52 to −8.64, and KGE was 0.74 to −0.56. The findings of the current study can support snowmelt process simulation within the WRF-Hydro model.
On a Diophantine equation involving fractional powers with primes of special types
Authors: Wu Liuying
Published: May 2024

Suppose that $ N $ is a sufficiently large real number. In this paper it is proved that for $ 2 < c < \frac{990}{479} $, the Diophantine equation

   \begin{document}$ \left[p_{1}^{c}\right]+\left[p_{2}^{c}\right]+\left[p_{3}^{c}\right]+\left[p_{4}^{c}\right]+\left[p_{5}^{c}\right] = N $\end{document}

is solvable in primes $ p_{1}, p_{2}, p_{3}, p_4, p_5 $ such that each of the numbers $ p_{i}+2, i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 $ has at most $ \left[\frac{6227}{3960-1916c}\right] $ prime factors.
Functional differential equations of the neutral type: Oscillatory features of solutions
Authors: Moaaz Osama , Al-Jaser Asma
Published: May 2024

This article delves into the behavior of solutions to a general class of functional differential equations that contain a neutral delay argument. This category encompasses the half-linear case and the multiple-delay case of neutral equations. The motivation to study this type of equation lies not only in the exciting analytical issues it presents but also in its numerous vital applications in physics and biology. We improved some of the inequalities that play a crucial role in developing the oscillation test. Then, we used an improved technique to derive several criteria that ensure the oscillation of the solutions of the studied equation. Additionally, we established a criterion that did not require imposing monotonic constraints on the delay functions and took into account their effect. We have supported the novelty and effectiveness of the results by analyzing and comparing them with previous results in the literature.
Decolonizing Postgraduate Education
Authors: Sekano Gordon Keabetswe , Maditsi Mothusiotsile Edwin
Published: May 2024

The concept of decolonizing research methodology, while lacking a standardized model, is increasingly recognized for its importance in integrating IKS into higher education. This movement stems from acknowledging IKS as a valuable agent for decolonization, challenging colonial ideologies and promoting a shift towards education systems that are inclusive of African worldviews and epistemologies. Utilizing qualitative document analysis and drawing on the indigenous philosophy of Ubuntu, this study explores the potential of IKS and Ubuntu to humanize research methodologies in South African universities. It highlights the role of decolonization in liberating minds from colonial inferiority and asserts the significance of decolonial literature. This research underscores the necessity of embracing IKS as social capital for enhancing educational relevance and addressing the needs of indigenous communities, ultimately advocating for a profound transformation in how research and education are approached in the context of higher education in South Africa.
Postgraduate Student Supervision in Open and Distance Learning
Authors: Photo Patricia , Gumbo Mishack T.
Published: May 2024

Postgraduate supervision faces the risk of not making headway if the supervisor-student working relationships are underplayed. Focusing on the supervisor, the working relationships hinge on the supervision style that the supervisor adopts which is to a larger extent affected by their personality. Working relationships must therefore be prioritized to ensure sustained energy and support for the student to be motivated for academic work. The student may not be committed to his/her academic work if there is no sound working relationship. This finds truth in the saying: How can the two walk together unless they agree? Against this backdrop, we embarked on a literature study, augmented by our personal and supervision reflections, to propose a Botho Supervision Framework in this chapter to ensure support and sustained supervisor-student working relationships that will make the student cope well with their studies and succeed ultimately. Botho means that the supervisor must show a humane, caring, sharing, respectful, compassionate, cooperative, epathetic and peaceful attitude toward the student in the supervision process. This disposition toward the student will create an accommodative atmosphere that will ensure that he/she stays the course of the demands of studying at the postgraduate level. We think that sound working relationships are even most needed in an open and distance learning (ODL) environment due to the challenges that the geographical, emotional, psychological, etc distance can place on the students. Also, we strongly think that in an African university, academic engagements must be guarded by Botho, a principle that embraces a humane-based survival through challenging conditions confronting studying at this level. We further think that the application of Botho on supervision work has a transformation intent where the supervisor can engage in personal reflection and change their approach to supervision.
Space and Culture in Decolonizing the Co-Construction of Academic Identities Through Doctoral Supervision
Authors: Madikizela-Madiya Nomanesi
Published: May 2024

Universities are multilocal and multicultural spaces of interaction and engagement where academic identities are constructed or co-constructed. Multilocality emanates from the diverse disciplines, knowledge, and practices that take place in a university, while multiculturality is inevitably brought by people with individual and shared cultures in a university. Unfortunately, some knowledge gets marginalized, diluted, or completely forgotten in such multiplicity. In this chapter, the author focuses on doctoral supervision as one of the locals of a university where the close interaction between or among students and individual or a group of supervisors can enable the reclaiming of knowledges. However, this possibility has not been adequately explored. Instead, supervisors expose their doctoral candidates to knowledge that has historically been idolized and any alternative is deemed inadequate. The author challenges this norm and argues that supervisors may learn from their students to reclaim the African epistemologies.
Towards Decolonising Post Graduate Supervision
Authors: Pillay Krishnavani Shervani
Published: May 2024

The decolonisation of epistemology in Africa has needs to be accelerated. Universities have an important role to play in this imperative as knowledge producers. As a mechanism for knowledge production, post graduate studies have been identified as critical. But the knowledge generation process endemic to post graduate studies are embedded in supervision practices that are limiting and which reinforce dominant hegemonies. We need to recognise the extent to which cognitive injustices such as curricula; hermeneutical, and testimonial injustices work to limit students from producing knowledge that can make a significant contribution to the generation and engagement with African/Indigenous epistemologies.
Women Leaders of Selected NGOs and UN SDGs Achievement
Authors: Justin Mercia Selva Malar
Published: May 2024

The UN Sustainable Development Goals deadline is fast approaching, and women leaders play a crucial role in achieving them. However, only 30% of women reach the top of their organizations, and even fewer are Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic (BAME) women. The 21st century is pivotal for women as global leaders, as they are predisposed as cross-cultural and multi-faceted leaders. Though there are several women leaders in NGOs, four have been identified from four different countries who impacted global sustainability through UNSDGs: Ms. Etsuko Nakano of OISCA International, Dr. Monica Sharma of Radical Transformational Leadership, Dr. Mansee Bal Bhargava of V for W, and Dr. Renita Reed Thomson of Discipling Marketplace Leaders (DML) were selected based on the work they have done, impacting thousands of women towards achieving UN SDGs. These women have established training centers, national and international chapters, and collaboration projects in approximately 100 countries, generating equitable and sustainable results, towards the achievement of UN SDGs.
Issues and Challenges of Women in the Building Construction Profession in Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Oseghale Godwin Ehis , Aigbavboa Clinton , Oseghale Bridget , Awotunde Ifeoluwa , Abegunde Albert Ayorinde
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to evaluate women's challenges in the building construction profession in Edo State. The study was based on primary data administered on 75 females (77.3% response rate) under training in related departments within higher institutions and those employed in the building industry within Edo State, Nigeria. Findings affirmed there were both low number of women under training and those participating in the construction industry (mean score = 4.27), with severity index (SI) of leading factors as ‘masculine culture that persists in the construction industry' (0.84), ‘difficulty of work-life balance' (0.81), ‘lack of knowledge about career opportunities in construction' (0.76), and ‘prevalent sexual harassment within the industry' (0.75). The study concluded that women are under-represented right from enrollment for training to participate in the building construction profession. It recommends restructuring of construction industry by improving building department higher institution female enrolement, extermination of masculine culture and gender-balance personnel reorientation on building professionals in both tertiary institutions and construction industry.
Professional Women Leaders in the Built Environment and Their Contribution to Achievement of UN SDGs
Authors: Olojede Betty Oluwafunso
Published: May 2024

Women are naturally endowed with the transcendent leadership potentials to effectively influence their immediate environment. This is evident by the multi-tasking potential, ethical and moral authorities intrinsically exuded in their endeavors. Women are successful leaders when at the highest echelons of organization, because the traits of agency, connection, authenticity, and wholeness are integrated in their career decisions. Women leaders have a self-awareness of their skills and values which they intentionally infuse in leadership styles to strengthen relationships for balanced network of roles, towards organization's success. Women's leadership savvy is affirmed as a function of success, essential for any organization to effectively achieve its goals. Hence, this chapter presents the roles of professional women leaders in promoting sustainability of the built environment. This chapter contends that a cross functional collaboration between the professional architects, builders, and quantity surveyors in the built environment guarantees synergy solutions to achieving the UN SDGs.
Dialogue and Inclusion in Educational Institutions
Authors: Ruiz-Cabezas Adiela , Holgueras González Ana Isabel , Domínguez María del Castañar Medina
Published: May 2024

The main objective of this chapter is to highlight the importance of creating a socio-relational climate based on a discourse and empathic discourse and forms of communication in which respect, closeness, solidarity among other values take precedence, given that, the school community in its richness and relational diversity requires a broad, complex and plural way of sharing socio-relational processes and promoting dialogue and encounter between all members of the educational community. On the other hand, to offer teaching staff some models, methods, and activities to be approached with imagination, empathy, and emotional intelligence. This is to ensure that new and harmonious social relations contribute to the shaping an institutional and classroom climate that enhances appropriate forms and styles of understanding, collaboration and creation of close environments and scenarios that lead to complete satisfaction and balance among all individuals.
Intercultural Professional Community of Practice
Authors: Segura-Fernández Raquel , Montoya-Fernández Carlos , Mora-Mora María Elena , Gómez-Barreto Isabel María
Published: May 2024

A methodological proposal is presented for improving the assessment in Intercultural Professional Communities of Practices (IPCP). It is based on the results obtained in a previous social action and learning experience, based on the conformation of a IPCP integrated by teachers, NGO educators, teacher students and professors. Despite the improvements found in the development of intercultural competence of IPLC participants, the weaknesses in the assessment within the community encouraged a shared and reflective dialogue among the team of IPLC coordinators to (re)construct and (re)think assessment from its pedagogical function, as a shared and constructive learning. A mixed assessment model was designed, integrating a formative and shared assessment (F&SA), and relying on the formative framework for intercultural education. The proposed model seeks to build a culture of learning, (self-)assessment, reflection, dialogue and interdisciplinary collaboration between professionals and future professionals in the educational field.
Educational and Social Inclusion
Authors: Santos-Villalba María Jesús , Alcalá del Olmo-Fernández María José , Parody-García Lucía María , Leiva-Olivencia Juan José
Published: May 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic brought about social, economic, employment, and educational upheaval. This affected the welfare system and vulnerable families. The aim of this chapter is to analyse the repercussions and impact of the period of confinement on families and their children. The methodology was qualitative, based on in-depth interviews with families whose children were attending highly complex educational centres in the province of Malaga (Spain). Among the main results, it is worth highlighting that the families had certain difficulties in providing educational support for their children, the lack of technological tools, the existence of a digital divide, as well as various problems of family coexistence aggravated by the lack of routines and interpersonal relationships outside the domestic sphere.
The Use of Social Networks as a Tool in the Protests of Iranian People Against the Taliban Regime
Authors: Martínez-López María , Amine Chaimaa Ait Aissa
Published: May 2024

In September 2022, worldwide media were fulfilled of news about the terrifying death of a young woman called Mahsa Amini. She died in a hospital after being arrested and beaten by the Morality Police and it caused thousands of protests not only in Iran, but all around the world. The revolution that started on Iranian women fighting for their rights was an historical event that brought all Iranian women and men, who were against the regimen, together to protest. These events were shown in different social media sites such as TikTok, Instagram, Twitter, etc. So, everyone could know what was happening. Late in 2023, The European Parliament awarded Sakharov Prize posthumously to Mahsa Amini and the 'Women, Life, and Freedom' movement so the authors have created a proposal to show at schools the importance of this historical event and how to inform themselves by using social networks.
A Multifaceted Approach to Linguistic and Cultural Inclusion for Migrants and Refugees in Europe
Authors: Roman Gorka
Published: May 2024

In today's globalized world, this chapter explores how European societies navigate the complexities of ethnolinguistic inclusion amidst cultural shifts. It examines challenges to traditional identity and language, highlighting efforts to revitalize minority languages like in the Basque Country. While linguistic hybridization fosters creativity and communication, it also threatens traditional languages. Multilingual education emerges as crucial for preserving linguistic diversity. The chapter compiles 14 best practices from across Europe, offering insights for inclusive educational and language inclusion initiatives.
Increasing Customer Engagement in Digital Marketing Campaigns in a Time of AI
Authors: Dudzinskaite Urte , Correia Ricardo , Venciute Dominyka , Fontes Ruta
Published: May 2024

The study aims to analyze how customer engagement can be increased in digital marketing campaigns to improve connections with customers. To achieve this aim, empirical research was conducted to get valuable insights into factors that contribute the most to increasing engagement in digital marketing campaigns. The study employed a qualitative research method, and 10 semi-structured interviews were conducted with potential digital marketing campaigns customers dividing them into two age groups of A20-30 and A40-50. The research showed that engagement tactics enhance the performance of digital marketing campaigns and substantially influence users' willingness to interact with digital ads actively. Relevance, clear message, aesthetic design, personalized content, and informativeness have the greatest impact on shaping user behavior and starting active engagement. Taking research results into consideration, managerial recommendations were provided using the RACE framework regarding each phase of the engagement: plan, reach, act, convert, and engage.