bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOSIALISASI PENCEGAHAN KASUS STROKE PADA LANJUT USIA DI DESA HAMPARAN PERAK KECAMATAN
Authors: SULAIMAN, SULAIMAN , ANGGRIANI ANGGRIANI
Published: March 2019

Stroke merupakan masalah kesehatan yang paling  utama bagi Indonesia pada saat ini. Stroke semakin menjadi masalah serius yang dihadapi hampir diseluruh dunia. Hal tersebut dikarenakan serangan stroke dapat menyerang secara mendadak dan dapat mengakibatkan kematian, kecacatan fisik dan mental. Stroke merupakan penyakit defisit neurologis akut yang disebabkan oleh gangguan pembuluh darah otak, terjadi secara mendadak dan menimbulkan gejala atau tanda yang sesuai dengan daerah otak yang terganggu. Gangguan stroke banyak terjadi pada lanjut usia. Kasus ini terjadi di Desa Hamparan Sumatera Utara. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini menggunakan metode penyuluhan, dan penanganan lansia langsung dengan meberikan tindakan berupa pemeriksaan tekanan darah, massage, dan pemeberian sinar infared  yang ditujukan kepada lanjut usia dan kelompok posyandu . Tujuan Pengabdian Masyarakat ini adalah memberikan peningakatan kesehatan keapada lanjut usia di Desa Hamparan Perak, terhindar dari terkena serangan stroke dan mengerti atas bahaya stroke. Hasil dari Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini terjadi peningkatan kesadaran lanjut usia dan keluarga lanjut usia dalam memeriksakan kesehatannya setiap bulannya ke posyandu,  Kesimpulan dari pengabdian ini adalah Pemberian sinar infra red untuk lansia yang mengalami gejala stroke dan stroke serta gangguan fisik lainnya sangat efektif karena manfaatnya langsung dapat dirasakan oleh lansia
PENEGAKAN HUKUM LINGKUNGAN ( ENVIRONTMENT ENFORCEMENT ) BERBASIS NILAI NILAI KARAKTER
Authors: Sulistyawati Sri
Published: March 2019

Menurut Hamzah (2005:48) Dalam tulisan Helwan Karsa , penegakan hukum disebut dalam bahasa Inggris law enforcement, bahasa Belanda rechtshandhaving. Istilah penegakan hukum dalam bahasa Indonesia membawa kita pada pemikiran bahwa penegakan hukum selalu dengan “force” sehingga ada yang berpendapat, bahwa penegakan hukum hanya bersangkutan dengan hukum pidana saja. Pikiran seperti ini di perkuat dengan kebiasaan kita menyebut penegak hukum itu polisi, jaksa dan hakim. Tidak di sebut pejabat administrasi yang sebenarnya juga menegakan hukum. Andai kata istilah asing tersebut di salin menjadi “penanganan hukum” tentu lebih dengan arti cakupan penegakan hukum yang luas.Penegakan hukum lingkungan dapat dilihat dari 3 aspek yaitu aspek pidana,aspek perdata dan aspek administrasi. Agar penegakan hukum lingkungan hidup dalam 3(tiga) apek tersebut  dapat tercapai tentunya tidak hanya dengan penegakan aturan aturan saja tetapi  juga diperlukan manusia manusia yang berkarakter sehingga diperlukan penanaman nilai nilai karakter khususnya ke aparat penegakan hukum.Penanaman 18 (delapan Belas) nilai karakter bangsa sangat perlu di pahami dan dilaksanakan. Dengan demikian penegakan hukum lingkungan berbasis karakter  diharapkan mampu untuk secara proaktif menerjemahkan atau menafsirkan prinsip-prinsip tersebut kedalam putusan pengadilan.
PENYULUHAN PEMASARAN PRODUK KERAJINAN TANGAN TRADISIONAL ANYAM-ANYAMAN DI DESA BATU JONG-JONG KECAMATAN BAHOROK KABUPATEN LANGKAT
Authors: Yuliana Yayuk
Published: March 2019

Pengabdian pada Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan wawasan pengetahuan mengenai pemahaman kepada masyarakat dengan melibatkan perempuan di sekitar kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Leuiser secara partisipatif dan berkelanjutan dalam produksi dan pemasaran kerajinan tangan anyam-anyaman dengan menajamen yang baik di  dusun batu katak, desa batu jong-jong, kecamatan bahorok, kabupaten Langkat.  Metode pengabdian masyarakat, langsung dengan melakukan penyuluhan di rumah warga dengan kondisi informal dinilai lebih efektif.  Pamaparan materi dengan berdialog dan memberikan perbandingan tempat atau kelompok lain yang sudah berhasil, memberikan wawasan yang baru bagi anggota lembaga.  Masyarakat akan lebih berani menyampaikan keluhan dan permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam pemasaran hasil kerajinan tangan berupa anyam-anyaman. Hasil Kegiatan pelatihan menunjukkan tanggapan yang sangat baik dari masyarakat dengan adanya respon yang positif dari masyarakat dilihat dari inovasi yang mereka hasilkan atas produksi anyam-anyaman yang mereka hasilkan. Pemasaran dengan memanfaatkan internet memberikan harapan besar bagi masyarakat untuk dapat menduniakan produk kerajinan tradisional anyam-anyaman yang unik dan ramah lingkungan.
PENGUATAN USAHA PRODUKTIF MASYARAKAT MELALUI PENDAMPINGAN UKM DI DESA SUMBERAGUNG KECAMATAN NGANTANG KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Wijijayanti Trisetia , Winarno Agung , Agustina Yuli , Basuki Andi
Published: March 2019

Tujuan kegiatan pendampingan UKM di Desa Sumberagung Kecamatan Ngantang Kabupaten Malang bekerjasama dengan mitra Kelompok PKK Desa Sumberagung adalah untuk meningkatkan pendapatan mitra dengan cara memproduksi dan memasarkan produk olahan susu sapi. Permasalahan yang dihadapi mitra adalah kurangnya pengetahuan dalam hal pengelolahan hasil susu sapi yang selama ini hanya sebatas disalurkan kepada KUD setempat dan pabrik pengepul susu murni, tidak mengetahui cara pemasaran produk olahan susu sapi. Berangkat dari permasalahan tersebut, perlu diadakan pendampingan UKM kelompok PKK Desa Sumberagung melalui pelatihan pengolahan susu sapi menjadi produk unggulan desa dan dapat dijadikan sebagai produk khas Desa Sumberagung. Oleh karena itu, metode pelaksanaan yang dilakukan dalam kegiatan ini dengan memberikan informasi tentang gambaran variasi produk olahan susu sapi yang dapat membantu meningkatkan pendapatan kelompok PKK, pelatihan dan pendampingan pengelolahan susu sapi menjadi produk bernilai jual, pelatihan dan pendampingan soft skill motivasi kerja dan creative thinking, serta pelatihan pendampingan pemasaran. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah meningkatnya pengetahuan dan ketrampilan mitra, terciptanya produk olahan susu sapi yang bernilai jual serta mampu mendukung program Desa Sumberagung sebagai salah satu desa wisata di Lingkar Selorejo, publikasi pada media massa, serta adanya media sosial yang dapat mendukung dalam memasarkan potensi desa secara luas.
Apiterapi ve İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: ONBAŞLI Dilşad
Published: March 2019

Tüm kültürlerde insan sağlığı için geleneksel ve alternatif tıp uygulamaları kullanılmaktadır. Bu uygulamalardan biri de apiterapidir. Günümüzde hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanılan farmasötik ürünlerin meydana getirdikleri olumsuz etkiler, toksik olmayan, stabil, ucuz, yan ürünler üretmeyen, kolay bulunabilir ve elde edilebilir alternatif doğal tedavilere olan ihtiyacın ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır. Apiterapi, bal, polen, arısütü, propolis, arı zehiri gibi arı ürünleriyle yapılan doğal bir tedavi yöntemidir. Başta bal olmak üzere arı ürünleri, yüzyıllardır halk arasında birçok hastalığın tedavi edil-mesi amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. Bal, yaralarda inflamasyon ve ödemi azaltmaktadır. Oral olarak alınan balın immun sistemi aktive ettiği, kanser ve metastaza karşı koruyucu olduğu ve antimikrobiyal, antioksidan özellik gösterdiği bilin-mektedir. Balın yanı sıra polen ve arı sütü de besin değerlerinin yüksekliği, içerdikleri protein, mineral, vitamin, serbest aminoasitler ve antibakteriyel, antifungal ve antioksidan özellikleri nedeniyle apiterapide sıklıkla kullanılan ürünlerdir. Propolis birçok ilacın içeriğinde yer almaktadır. Antibakteriyel, antioksidan ve antikanser etkileri kanıtlanmıştır. Propoliste bulunan krizin ve kampferol temel antialerjik bileşenlerdir. Arı zehri ise başta romatizma olmak üzere multiple skleroz (MS) ve romatoid artrit olgularında ayrıca egzama, epilepsi, migren gibi birçok hastalığın tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada apiterapi ve bazı arı ürünleri hakkında bilgi verilmiş ve bu ürünlerin insan sağlığı üzerine etkileri derlenmiştir.
Effects of Perceived Parenting Styles on Disruptive Behavior among Adolescents
Authors: Shehzadi Fehmida , Bajwa Ruqia Safdar , Batool Iram , Shah Asghar Ali
Published: March 2019

Adolescence is a very crucial stage of development. In order to determine the effect of perceived parenting styles on disruptive behavior, this study was planned to conduct among adolescents. The sample consisted of 120 adolescents who were taken from Multan City by using Purposive sampling technique. Parenting styles scale developed by Jody Powell (1990) and Beck Disruptive Behavior Inventory developed by Beck (2005) were used to assess perceived parenting styles and disruptive behavior respectively. The results indicated that there was a negative correlation between parenting styles and disruptive behavior. Results also showing the significant difference among male and female adolescence disruptive behavior and also defined that there is no significant difference in disruptive behavior among rural and urban adolescence. More studies should be conducted on this issue because it is important to enhance the positive child rearing practices in order to avoid problems in later life.
Preventive measures against computer related crimes
Authors: Veresha Roman
Published: March 2019

Cybercrime
is a combination of information, financial and personal security threats. The
purpose of this research is to
target statistical data to allocate the most effective preventive measures
against cybercrime that would contribute to the combat at the level of
potential (or real) cyber victims and cyber criminals. Brining the so-called Cyberethics
into the life of people will be preventive against cybercrimes, as it will add
to their culture of cyberspace through educational and popular science projects
(such-like program that was put into action in Nigeria stroke positively). With
the rapid spread of cybercrime, preventive measures geared towards individuals
such as anti-criminalization, anti-bullying and anti-phishing propaganda, the
practice of shaping negative attitude towards crimes, and discovery of
responsibility for committing cybercrimes gain in importance. Society
improvement as a counter-move to cut out criminal factors provoking a positive
or neutral attitude to cybercrimes should be geared towards better living, as
the higher is the standard the lower is the level of cybercrime. Taking individualized
preventing measures to people prone to commit cybercrimes will prevent against
such even before they take place (with cyber extortion and ransomware threats,
such actions gain in relevance). For the fight against cybercrime, special
programs are to level down victimization in the field of cybersecurity by
fostering a shielding attitude in persons who can become victims. The path of
designing such programs will lead to a drop cybercrime activity. Specific
public authorities and non-governmental organizations should take part in the
preventive process. All-encompassing preventive measures against cybercrime
approaching individual at the international level will allow designing specific
pilot programs for individualized prevention
Culture
in new media times
Authors: Baltezarević Borivoje , Baltezarević Radoslav , Baltezarević Vesna
Published: March 2019

New media is focusing on new technologies and digitizing their content which has both good and bad effects, that individuals and society as a whole, are exposed to. Digitizing intrapersonal communication brings about simultaneous digatilization of culture and society. Technology, besides a plethora of its undoubtedly good features, also demonstrates the negative effects underpinned by the ‘migration process’ of individuals to virtual spaces, that are contributing to the transformation of existing culture into virtual culture. Culture in transition to the digital age is transformed into a culture of forgetting and is faced with the interruption of continuity of the role an individual plays in preserving of the existing traditional cultural values. The aim of this paper is to present the views of respondents who are using virtual social networks on the culture that is being created in a virtual environment and their attitudes about whether virtual networking leads to the changes in their relation to traditional culture and social relationships in the real world
Addition of corn stover arabinoxylan into hardwood during pulping for improved physical properties
Authors: Mandlika Anurag , Runge Troy
Published: March 2019

Agricultural residues, such as corn stover, are being considered for biofuels and bioproducts. They represent inexpensive, pentosan-rich feedstock that are available in abundance. These materials are typically pretreated to make them more amenable to biological processes such as fermentation. One such treatment involves extraction using alkali to remove the hemicellulose, leaving the cellulose more accessible for chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis. Extracted xylan hemicellulose may be considered for use in pulp and paper, or for providing a potential value stream from cellulosic ethanol biorefineries. To be useful, the extracted xylan should be concentrated and adsorbed into the pulp using existing equipment or a minimal number of new unit operations. In this work, we explored the concept of size-exclusion membrane-filtration to concentrate xylan that was extracted from corn stover in mild alkaline conditions. We examined hollow-fiber and tangential-flow filtration types and achieved a nearly two-fold increase in the xylan concentration using the former with a 50 kDa molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) membrane. Cassette-type tangential-flow filtration resulted in slightly greater xylan concentration with the use of a 10 kDa MWCO membrane. Hemicellulose extracts were then used as an additive during kraft pulping of hybrid poplar to show that the xylan could be adsorbed onto pulp fibers and retained even after washing. Pulp tensile strength improved after xylan addition following refining. An average of 33% of the xylan added in this method was retained, with xylan loading between 5 wt% and 20 wt%, compared with the control pulp sample that did not have added xylan. These results suggest potential for further exploration of biorefinery extracts use as additive feedstock for pulping. The study, being an evaluation of the proof-of-concept, aims to push research and optimization in this area that will lend well to scale-up and commercialization.
Oil absorption and desorption by polypropylene fibers
Authors: YEGYA RAMAN, PRAVEEN KUMAR , JAIN AKSHAY , RAMKUMAR SESHADRI
Published: March 2019

Oil spill is a threat to the ecosystem, and there is a need for the development of highly efficient oil sorbents for environmental remediation. In this study, four different types of polypropylene fibers were evaluated for their oil absorbency and desorption characteristics. These fibers varied in their fineness and structural characteristics, i.e., hollow or solid. A modified ASTM methodology was used in the study to better represent the oil sorption capacity of a sorbent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to present the effect of fiber fineness and structure on the oil desorption behavior of polypropylene fibers. Results showed that finer fibers had higher oil sorption capacity (g/g) than the coarser fibers. There was no statistical difference in the rate of desorption among the solid fibers; however, the hollow fiber had a statistically higher rate of desorption than the solid fibers.
Three-dimensional pore structure visualization and characterization of paper using X-ray computed tomography
Authors: Defrenne Yves , Zhdankin Vasili , Ramanna Sahana , Ramaswamy Shri , Ramarao Bandaru
Published: March 2019

Porous biomaterials such as paper and board have a complex structure that influences their mechanical, optical, and transport properties and thereby their performance during manufacturing and end uses. Reconstruction of the three-dimensional (3D) pore spaces in paper was obtained by X-ray computed tomography and used to study the structure and its impact on properties. A set of laboratory-made paper samples of varying freeness was prepared, and the 3D structures of the samples were visualized and characterized. Tomographic reconstruction images were processed using techniques such as anisotropic diffusion, minimum error thresholding, and isolated voxel removal to enhance image quality. The pore structures were analyzed to determine porosity, fiber-pore interfacial surface area, geometric tortuosity, and pore size distributions (using a sphere growing algorithm). These properties were compared with experimental data and were found to be in good agreement. The results from 3D visualization and characterization were then compared with experimental data of various samples using conventional pore structure characterization techniques, such as mercury intrusion porosimetry.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DAS REDES SOCIAIS, DA INTERNET E DAS REDES SOCIAIS ONLINE NA MOBILIDADE DOS ESTUDANTES BRASILEIROS DO ENSINO SUPERIOR PARA PORTUGAL
Authors: Iorio Juliana Chatti
Published: March 2019

Este artigo irá decorrer sobre um dos pontos desenvolvidos na minha tese de doutorado, que tem estudado a motivação dos estudantes brasileiros do ensino superior para a escolha de Portugal, na construção dos seus projetos de mobilidade estudantil internacional.Partindo do princípio de que, (1) as redes sociais que se formam entre migrantes e não migrantes são um importante auxílio para a perpetuação dos sistemas migratórios; (2) na atual Sociedade do Conhecimento, as Novas Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação, com especial atenção para o uso da Internet, passaram a ser fundamentais para a formação e manutenção destas redes; e, (3) a partir da introdução das redes sociais online, sobretudo com a utilização do Facebook, o acesso às redes sociais tornou-se mais fácil; pretendo perceber até que ponto esses três fatores têm contribuído para a migração dos estudantes brasileiros do ensino superior para Portugal.Os resultados obtidos através das fontes secundárias de informação e do trabalho de campo desenvolvido no âmbito da pesquisa supracitada indicam que, ainda que não se possa generalizar para todos esses estudantes, as redes sociais, fortalecidas pelo uso da Internet e do Facebook, têm tido a sua importância neste tipo de mobilidade.
HUKUKA AYKIRI ELDE EDİLMİŞ DELİLLERİN DİSİPLİN HUKUKUNDA KULLANILMASI
Authors: GÜNDÜZ Fatma Ebru
Published: March 2019

Maddi gerçeği ortaya çıkarmak için kullanılan delillerin, gerçeği ortaya

çıkarmadaki gücü kadar bu delillerin nasıl elde edildikleri de önemlidir.

Hukuka aykırı elde edilmiş delillerin kullanılamayacağı kuralı ceza

yargılamasında katı bir şekilde uygulanırken; disiplin hukukunda uygulanıp

uygulanamayacağı yolunda farklı yargı kararları ve görüşler bulunmaktadır.

Hukuk devleti ilkesi, adil yargılanma hakkı ve hak arama hürriyeti gereğince,

hukuka aykırı elde edilmiş deliller disiplin hukukunda da kullanılmamalıdır.

Disiplin hukukunda hukuka aykırı elde edilmiş delillerin kabul edilmesi

bireylerin hukuki güvenliklerini tehlikeye düşürecek ve hukuksuz davranışları

meşru hale getirecektir. Hukuka aykırı elde edilmiş delillerin kullanılmaması

ilkesinin disiplin hukukunda esnetilmesi, teknolojinin çok geliştiği ve çoğu

kişinin bu teknolojiye rahatlıkla ulaşabildiği şu dönemde bireylerin temel hak

ve hürriyetleri için ciddi bir tehlike oluşturabilecektir. Hukuka aykırı elde

edilmiş delillere dayanılarak gerçekleştirilen disiplin cezası verme işlemleri,

sebep unsuru bakımından sakat olacak ve bu işlemlerin idari yargı mercii tarafından

iptali gerekecektir.
ULUSLARARASI CEZA YARGISININ GELİŞİMİNDE ULUSLARARASI CEZA MAHKEMESİNİN ROLÜ
Authors: POYRAZ Yasin , ÖNEN Ömer Vehip
Published: March 2019

Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi, genel

amaçlarına uygun biçimde, uluslararası toplumu bir bütün olarak etki altında

bırakan belirli ve çok ciddî suçları işleyen bireylerin cezasız kalmaması için

güvence oluşturulması, bu suçların işlenmesine engel olacak çabalara katkı sağlanması

ve uluslararası barış ve güvenliği bozan veya tehdit eden suçların belirlenmesi

hedeflerine bağlı olarak, esas itibariyle, bir uluslararası ceza adaleti

sistemi meydana getirmek üzere kurulmuştur.

Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesinin, geride

kalan on beş yılı aşkın süre içinde uluslararası ceza adaleti sistemine yaptığı

katkılar ve evrensel hukuk ilkeleri ışığında bir yargılama düzeni oluşturmasının

doğurduğu sonuçlar göz önüne alındığında; oldukça başarılı bir karneye sahip

olduğu söylenebilir. Buna karşın, özellikle yargılama usulüne ilişkin olarak,

mağdurların yargı sürecine katılmasında karşılaşılan zorluklar, hızlı ve etkin bir

yargılama yapıl(a)maması, tanık ifadeleri için harcanan zaman israfı ve delil

toplama konusundaki eksiklikler nedeniyle mahkeme sıkça eleştirilmektedir.

Ayrıca mahkemenin kendine bağlı bir adlî kolluk teşkilatına sahip olmaması ve uluslararası

ilişkiler bakımından güçlü kimi devletlerce mahkemeye karşı önyargılar

bulunması da mahkemenin başarısını olumsuz etkilemektedir.

Bu çalışmada, kuruluşundan günümüze

kadar geçen sürede, Mahkemenin uluslararası ceza yargısının gelişimine yaptığı

katkı yanında, beklentileri boşa çıkartan uygulamalarına da işaret edilecek; uluslararası

ceza adaleti sistemi bakımından doğan sonuçlar, olumlu ve olumsuz yönleriyle ele

alınıp en genel çerçevede inceleme konusu yapılacaktır.
Studying the system IL-1 and G-CSF in hydronephrosis as a perspective of creating new diagnostic test systems
Authors: Vechkanova N. , Stepanov N. , Mashnin I. , Duvayarov Z. , Selkin V.
Published: March 2019

Hydronephrosis refers to diseases of the urinary system, which are characterized by high prevalence. Moreover, this pathology of all obstructive uropathies, leading to a decrease in the function of the renal parenchyma, accounts for up to 15% of cases. Therefore, the search for various markers involved in the development and progression of kidney damage is particularly relevant, since in the literature there are very contradictory data. Our article presents the results of a survey of 40 patients with established and confirmed diagnosis of stage I hydronephrosis (according to the classification of N. A. Lopatkin), and 20 completely healthy people (control group). All patients initially and at the end of the study determined the levels of cytokines: IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-1ra and G-CSF. We found that patients with hydronephrosis had higher rates of pro-inflammatory components of the IL-1β system: IL-1β — 104.42 (75% CI [111.8–151.4]) pg/ml, which was significantly higher than in the control group 3.7 times. In patients with hydronephrosis, there is an increase in the levels of IL-1β, IL-1a, and G-CSF against the background of a decrease in IL-1ra. The study of the IL-1 and G-CSF systems in dynamics during hydronephrosis is a very promising direction, opening up enormous opportunities in creating effective diagnostic markers of hydronephrosis in the very early stages of the formation of this pathology. Thus, analysis of the literature indicates that damage to the renal tissue in obstructive uropathies is an extremely complex process, and the initiation of fibrogenesis processes with partial inhibition of resorption leads to remodelling of connective tissue and progression of nephrosclerosis.
The current state of urban soils in the core of Baku’s agglomeration
Authors: Gasimova L.
Published: March 2019

This article presents the results of studies the soils of urban parks, gardens, roadside zones in the core of the agglomeration of Baku. The urban soils were studied as indicators of the ecological status of the city of Baku. The impact of soil condition on the green areas in seven districts of Baku has been evaluated.
Analysis of the development of agriculture in the Central Federal District and determination of the main problems
Authors: Lovkova E. , Kashitsina T.
Published: March 2019

The article presents an analysis of the development of agriculture in the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation. The results of the analysis can be used in the development and implementation of agricultural development strategy. The main problems hindering the development of agro–industrial complex are revealed. The main factors of development of agriculture contributing to the competitiveness of production and output of domestic products on the world market are proposed.
The use of environmentally secure means of biological reclamation in order to prevent soil degradation processes
Authors: Zinkovskaya T. , Zinkovsky V. , Sorokina V. , Shakhparonyan L.
Published: March 2019

The article shows the importance of high-tech organic fertilizers of the new generation on the example of multi–purpose compost in the maintenance and reproduction of soil fertility. With increasing degradation of the soil cover of arable land, such fertilizers in combination with other means of farming systems with bio meliorative properties (perennial grasses, green manures, phytomeliorants), intensively activating soil microflora, affecting agrochemical and water–physical properties, can quickly restore and optimize the basis of fertility — soil organic matter. Therefore, in modern agriculture in the last 15–20 years, preference is given to the production of non-traditional high-tech biologically active and environmentally friendly organic fertilizers (composts) obtained by the method of bioconversion of organic raw materials. In the model experiment, the effect of multi-purpose compost, introduced at a dose of 15 t/ha, on the basic water–physical properties at different water regimes of dried gleyed loamy sod-podzolic soil was determined. The experience was laid in special vessels equipped with water regulating device. Studies have shown that multi-purpose compost at a dose of 15 t/ha by the fifth year after application, primarily affected the soil density of the arable layer, as well as porosity, moisture capacity, the amount of water readily available to plants, water permeability. So, with bilateral regulation of the water regime, the decrease in density was 5.8%. This, in turn, affected the increase in soil porosity to 4.8–5.2% and an increase in the reserves of productive moisture in the arable horizon. Thus, fertilizers obtained on the basis of the bioconversion of organic raw materials can improve soil indicators and help prevent degradation processes in agriculture.
The use of donors of valuable feature in the creation of new varieties of eggplant
Authors: Kigashpaeva O. , Avdeev A. , Ddzhabrailova V.
Published: March 2019

As a result of the selection of eggplant the genetic source of a multisyllabic brush with well-executed fruits weighing 30–40 g and their quantity in one brush on 5–7 pieces are allocated. The use of detected donors inbreeding will allow creating eggplant varieties of a new type to expand the existing assortment and significantly increase the yield of eggplants culture, especially in conditions of high soil fertility and the use of advanced technologies with water–mineral drip feed.
Natural fiber - polysaccharide food supplement of antiotoxic action
Authors: Karchava M. , Berulava I. , Kintsurashvili N. , Ergemlidze T.
Published: March 2019

The toxicological assessment of meat raw materials on the consumer market in Imereti region was conducted in Georgia. In 45% of the samples, the content of the lead has been estimated at 2.5–3 times more than 0.1 mg/kg. In modern ecological conditions, the natural fibrous polysaccharide composition of antioxidant action has been worked out to increase the toxicological safety of food raw materials in the modern ecological conditions — the ratio of active wheat bran, high molecular pectin and low molecular pectin 15:3:2. The lead sorption ability has been studied by the composition. The technological properties of the supplement are studied. Based on the obtained results, techniques for functional purpose meat products have been developed for children and diabetes patients using these additives.
Tank mixtures of pesticides for plant protection
Authors: Makarov M.
Published: March 2019

Today, chemical plant protection methods are based on the safe use of pesticides. Environmental and toxicological effects are taken into account. To expand the possibilities of pest control, diseases and weeds, in the cultivation of crops, use tank mixtures that contain two or three active substances. In the preparation of mixtures take into account the processes of interaction of components and timing of application of drugs. In addition, this technique is one of the elements of the strategy to overcome the resistance of pests to insecticides, pathogens — to systemic fungicides, weeds — to herbicides.
Intake mercury lead and arsenic with feeds and their accumulation (bioconcentration) in cattle and sheep organism
Authors: Epifanova I. , Epimakhov V.
Published: March 2019

When managing livestock in technologically polluted areas to assess and prevent the negative impact of feed on farm animals, to obtain products that meet sanitary and hygienic safety requirements, it is important to monitor constantly the levels of pollution by main ecotoxicants in all parts of the trophic chain soil — feed — animal body — livestock production. If acceptance contamination levels are higher than it is required, it is necessary to take measures for contaminants decreasing in final livestock products. A review of the study of intake mercury, lead and arsenic with feeds in cattle and sheep organisms under the condition of technogenic–affected agricultural areas is presented in this paper. Estimation of the contamination levels of individual links of the food trophic chain by these ecotoxicants is given. The article describes the experience of using enterosorbents in the diet as one of the most important ways to reduce the content of heavy metals in the body of farm animals and in the final products of animal husbandry.
Mathematical modeling and algorithm of morphological analysis of the Kyrgyz language
Authors: Satybaev A. , Kochkonbaeva B. ,   Osh Technological University
Published: March 2019

Studies of the morphological analysis of the language gives us further processing of the language, since morphological analysis is considered the first step towards solving any problem of computer processing of natural language. The article deals with the issues of creating a mathematical model of the Kyrgyz language and algorithms of a morphological analyzer.
MICROFINANZAS E INCLUSIÓN FINANCIERA EN EL SAHEL SENEGALÉS. ANÁLISIS DESDE LOS VALORES DE LA ESS
Authors: Papa Ettore , Arcos Alonso Asier , Arcos Alonso Ander , Alonso Olea María José
Published: March 2019

El artículo argumenta el porqué las micro-finanzas, amparadas por los valores de la ESS, son promotoras de cambios estructurales en las relaciones sociales y económicas de las mujeres en contextos donde el derecho al crédito no está garantizado. Dicha valoración se realiza por medio del análisis de las prácticas realizadas por la mutua de crédito FADEC Njambur, en el entorno del Departamento de Kebemer, Senegal, y su comparación con los principios de la economía social y solidaria y su real aplicación en el terreno.
TRAPEROS DE EMAÚS: ECONOMÍA CIRCULAR… Y SOLIDARIA
Authors: Ruíz Trujillo Carmen , Rodríquez Cruz Juan , Revilla Parody Gonzalo , Rodríguez Rodríguez Javier
Published: March 2019

La experiencia de Traperos en Huelva -el grupo más meridional de Emaús Europa- es un ejemplo de lo que puede suponer la Economía Circular. Una historia que surge desde la necesidad y el encuentro colectivo: un grupo de personas de origen muy diverso -desde la universidad hasta la calle, desde Senegal hasta Rumanía, desde la exclusión social hasta el trabajo estable- que se conocieron y decidieron iniciar esta experiencia en Huelva. Desde entonces han gestionado unas 200 toneladas de material que iba a ir a los vertederos, logrando poner en reutilización aproximadamente la mitad de esos materiales.
Mr. Bolsonaro e os Chineses: uma sugestão de interpretação
Authors: Libânio Gilberto
Published: March 2019

This paper aims to discuss the potential impacts of Jair Bolsonaro’s government on Brazil-China relations. Firstly, it presents the recent history of relations between the two countries, particularly in regards to international trade and to Chinese FDI (foreign direct investment) in Brazil. Secondly, the paper speculates on the potential effects of a detachment of Brazil from China, in case the recurrent discourse of members of the new government, including the new president, is put into practice, regarding a political realignment with the USA and a consequent distancing of the Asian giant. The main conclusion of the article is that China plays a crucial role in Brazil’s foreign economic relations and that there’s no justification for any kind of disruption in this relationship, due to the risk of negative effects on Brazli’s trade balance and reception of foreign investments.
MicroRNAs as emerging diagnostic and prognostic marker in cancer biology and therapy
Authors: Qazi Asif Khurshid , Kawoosa Fizalah , Shah Zafar Amin
Published: March 2019

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to cellular homeostasis and differentiation in many ways, and therefore play an important role in many pathophysiological events. The knowledge of small non-coding RNAmolecules has developed our understanding towards basic processes of cancer biology and the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor initiation and progression. MiRNA research field has grown to be more and more attractive as evidence is emerging that miRNAs possibly play vital regulatory roles in all fundamental biological processes. Notably, as research continues to reveal the mechanisms underlying cancer therapy efficacy, it is apparent that miRNAs contribute to responses to drug therapy and are themselves modified by drug therapy. One important field for miRNA research is to identify functions of miRNAs and the associated signaling pathways in the initiation, progression, metastasis and drug-resistance of tumors in order to propose novel, efficient target based therapeutics that directly target pathologically essential miRNAs and their allied target genes. Currently, miRNA signatures have increasing importance and use in the diagnosis and prognosis of various types of cancers. In this review, we have highlighted the role of various miRNAs in various cancers and other disease so that future of miRNAresearch will provide more interesting outcomes in terms of therapy and cure. JMS 2016; 19(2):47-58
Pictographic representation of the first dawn and its association with entheogenic mushrooms in a 16th century Mixtec Mesoamerican Codex
Authors: Hernandez Santiago Faustino , Martínez Reyes Magdalena , Pérez Moreno Jesús , Mata Gerardo
Published: March 2019

Antecedentes: En México, antes de la llegada de los españoles en el siglo XVI, los hongos tenían una importancia ceremonial y sagrada de gran relevancia, lo cual está sustentado en evidencias lingüísticas y arqueológicas, y documentado en códices prehispánicos y escritos coloniales.Objetivos: Describir una historia fascinante y, paradójicamente poco conocida, vinculada a la concepción de la primera aparición del sol y su relación con los hongos enteogénos según el Códice mixteco “Yuta Tnoho” o “Vindobonensis Mexicanus I”, producido en el siglo XVI.Métodos: Se realizó una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica de las publicaciones relacionadas con el Códice estudiado en diversas bases de datos digitales de la Universidad de Sheffield, la British Library ambas en Inglaterra y el Colegio de Postgraduados de México.Resultados y conclusiones: Se presenta una interpretación detallada de los pictogramas que registran el uso de hongos enteógenos desde una perspectiva ritual y sagrada para los grupos Mixtecos en épocas prehispánicas previas al nacimiento del primer sol. Esta evidencia constituye una pieza única de la importancia cultural y ceremonial de los hongos en Mesoamérica, la cual pervive actualmente en el sureste de México en grupos cercanos geográficamente a los mixtecos.
Incompatibilidad interespecífica de especies de Trichoderma contra Meloidogyne incognita en Solanum lycopersicum
Authors: Moo Koh Felicia Amalia , Cristobal Alejo Jairo , Reyes Ramírez Arturo , Tun Suárez José María , Gamboa Angulo Marcela , Islas Flores Ignacio Rodrigo
Published: March 2019

Antecedentes: El control biológico de fitopatógenos se mejora al incorporar cepas nativas de agentes biocontroladores; es el caso de Trichoderma spp. El efecto de control es mayor cuando se aplican consorcios y muestran interacciones incompatibles entre sí para incrementar condiciones de antagonismo.Objetivos: El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar y evaluar in vitro la relación interespecífica de especies nativas de Trichoderma spp., así como la efectividad antagónica de especies incompatibles contra Meloidogyne incognita. Métodos: Se realizaron 45 enfrentamientos duales in vitro, las cuatro con mayor incompatibilidad fueron: T. virens (Th27-08) /T. harzianum (Th33-59), T. citrinoviride (Th33-58) /T. harzianum (Th33-59), T. virens (Th43-13) /T. ghanense (Th26-52) y T. simmonsii (Th09-06) /T. harzianum (Th33-59). Estos se evaluaron contra M. incognita en Solanum lycopersicum, en condiciones de invernadero.Resultados y conclusiones: Los resultados mostraron interacciones incompatibles con diferencias significativas (P≤0.01) contra el nemátodo. En éstas, en relación al testigo sin inoculantes fúngicos se estimaron reducciones del 50.8-83.0% en la severidad del daño radical, 25.7-80.3% en el número de huevos y 31.5-94.1% en el número de hembras. El mejor efecto fue observado en el enfrentamiento de T. citrinoviride (Th33-58) /T. harzianum (Th33-59) al ser comparado con el testigo Oxamil 24%.
Primer reporte de Mortierella elongata como patógeno del cultivo del aguacate en Michoacán, México
Authors: Hernández Pérez Anselmo , Cerna Chávez Ernesto , Delgado Ortiz Juan Carlos , Beltrán Beache Mariana , Hernández Bautista Omegar , Tapia Vargas Luis Mario , Ochoa Fuentes Yisa María
Published: March 2019

Antecedentes: Las especies del género Mortierella prosperan usualmente como saprófitas en el suelo y materia orgánica de diversos ecosistemas forestales. Tradicionalmente, se han aislado de los sistemas radicales de diversas especies vegetales. Adicionalmente, investigaciones realizadas en suelo de cultivo de aguacate para lograr la purificación de Pythophthora. cinnamomi indican que Mortierella spp. son hongos contaminantes, sin mencionar su patogenicidad.Objetivo: Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar la presencia de Mortierella sp. y evaluar su posible patogenicidad en el cultivo del aguacate.Métodos: Las cepas se aislaron de suelo de huertas ubicadas en los principales municipios productores de aguacate en el estado de Michoacán. Las cepas fueron identificadas y se sometieron a pruebas de patogenicidad con plantas de aguacate de tres meses de edad y con plántulas con seis hojas verdaderas.Resultados y conclusión:
EFFICACIES OF 2-D ANIMATION IN HEALTH AND SECURITY COMMUNICATION
Authors: Vikiru George
Published: March 2019

Health is categorized as a security issue as its lack causes individuals to fall ill, be disabled or die. Being deficient of health can therefore disrupt entire populations, economies, and governments. The Copenhagen School proposed the Securitization Theory that could be applied in the identifcation and response to given health threats. Part of the theory’s strategy is the use of eﬀective communication in mobilizing groups that would combat identifed health threats. Other studies have reported the use of 2-D Animation, a type of ICT-based solution, as gaining currency in situations where it is important to get the message through to communities and have it correctly internalized. This paper puts a case for the utilization of 2-D Animation for eﬀective communication in society for health and security. It reports a study that sought to establish whether 2-D Animation was eﬀective in communicating good hygiene practice messages to children in Githurai Location, Kiambu County, Kenya. The study first identifed how good hygiene practice messages were being communicated in the area. An experimental target group was then treated with a 2-D animation developed for study before psychometrics were applied to determine its efficacy in eﬀectively communicating the messages. Data obtained was analyzed using independent t-tests and a one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The fndings showed a signifcant diﬀerence between the experimental group and the control group thathad not been treated with the animation (t (292) =5.031, p ˂ 0.001). The fndings further indicated a signifcant diﬀerence in all the thinking skills of the Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives of the Cognitive Domain except evaluation. The results therefore put a case for 2-D Animation’s consideration as an ICT mitigator for eﬀective communication in society for health and security.
THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURE IN THE INTERPRETATION OF JAPANESE LANGUAGE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
Authors: Wamuti L. , Bwire A.M. , Ndethiu S.
Published: March 2019

The mastery of any foreign language is aﬀected by several factors, among them the cultural environment in which the language learning takes place. In an attempt to reinforce the language learning process, instructors of foreign language often make use of language instructional materials to enable students engage in motivating, appealing and interactive learning activities. The content of such instructional materials must be interpreted easily and accurately if they are to be eﬀective. A major impediment in interpretation of instructional materials is the socio-cultural barrier which may interfere with the learner’s ability to decode the intended meaning in the content of the instructional materials. This hinders the achievement of the language lesson objectives. This paper discusses the inﬂuence of cultural elements on interpretation of the information in Japanese Language Instructional Materials (JLIM) by Kenyan students. This paper is based on the results of a pilot study carried out among college Japanese students in Kenya. It attempts to establish the inﬂuence and impact of culture on the interpretation of the Japanese language instructional materials by the Kenyan students. It is part of an ongoing research aimed at identifying the factors inﬂuencing the mastery of the Japanese language among Kenyan students. Theresearch is guided by schema theory, which describes the process by which readers refer to their own background knowledge in order to comprehend new information. The learners of Japanese language were subjected to some instructional materials and asked to answer several questions designed to establish their interpretation of the materials. Teir responses were compared with what is expected from the Japanese cultural context. Data was collected through a questionnaire. The results of the study show that unfamiliar cultural elements in the instructional materials negatively inﬂuence the interpretation of information. It is therefore recommended that the design of language instructional materials should take into consideration the culture of the learners.
Prevalence of overweight and obesity among hypertensive and diabetic patients seeking care at a rural Kenyan hospital
Authors: Mwenda V , Njuguna J , Musa M
Published: March 2019

Background: The current global epidemic of overweight and obesity contributes significantly to disease burden through mortality and morbidity. This study aimed at estimating the burden of overweight and obesity among hypertensive and diabetic patients.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of medical records at the medical outpatient clinic at Consolata Hospital, Meru County. Records with complete demographic information, specified diagnosis, Body Mass Index (BMI) recorded at least once in the previous three visits were eligible for inclusion. Records for patients below 18 years and above 69 years were excluded. The data was then cleaned in Ms-Excel and analyzed using Statistical Package for Descriptive and differential statistics were calculated.

Results: A total of 350 records were eligible; mean age 58.2 years (56.8-59.6) while 67% were female. Hypertension was present in 49% of the study subjects, 36% had type 2 diabetes while the rest had both conditions co-existing. The mean BMI overall was 26.6kg/m 2 (24.5-27.2) . Females had a higher mean BMI by 0.95kg/m 2 (95% C.I, -2.07-0.16, P=0.093). Overall, 54% of males had a BMI of 25-29kg/m 2 while 18% had a BMI of 30kg/m 2 and above. This is compared to 59% and 26% of the females, respectively.

Conclusion: Overweight and obesity is highly prevalent in this population of hypertensive and/or type 2 diabetic patients. Weight management needs to be integrated in the package of care for these patients.
Pattern of epidemics monitoring data reporting among health facilities in Nairobi City County, Kenya
Authors: Muturi S G , Otieno G. , Ngatiri G , Muhoho N
Published: March 2019

Background: Weekly epidemic monitoring data reporting was adopted in Kenya after the Ministry of Health embraced Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) strategy from WHO - Africa region to facilitate timely detection and response to disease outbreak. The government has a reporting target of 80% but this has not been achieved by many counties including Nairobi County. Under-reporting put counties at risk of untimely outbreak detection which can, in turn result in epidemic menace. There is no adequate data to explain under-reporting in Nairobi County. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with poor epidemic monitoring data reporting among health facilities in Nairobi County.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study targeting 318 health facilities in Nairobi County, Kenya. A stratified sample of 169 health facilities was selected using simple random. Health facility records were checked for compliance to quarterly submission of reports. A self-administered questionnaire was administered to data focal persons in the health facility in order to understand background characteristics of the participants, data transmission methods at each health facility, adherence to policies, personnel and availability of data collections tools. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 17.0. Relationships among study variables were tested using Chi-square, (P < 0.05).

Results: Complete reporting was recoded in a total of 47% of the health facilities within the period under review, 36% partial reporting and 17% had not reported at all. Complete reporting was higher in public facilities (74%) than in private facilities (40.8%). Non-reporting was similarly higher in private facilities (25%) particularly the clinics (33%). Among institution related factors, supervision, presence of data focal person in a health facility and data transmission methods were significantly associated with poor data reporting (P<0.001). Training and awareness of data reporting days were important individual factors which were significantly associated with poor reporting (P<0.001). Rapid response to disease outbreaks is important for control of the disease  and its spread to other regions. However, with only 47% of the health facilities in Nairobi County complying with the data reporting requirements, the City is at risk of delayed response in case such outbreak occurred. There is need to streamline the system to realize, exceed and maintain the government epidemic monitoring data reporting target rate of 80%.