bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the airway management practice of emergency department ward nurses: a nationwide survey in China
Authors: Deng Juan , Huang Sufang , Zou Dengxiu , Liu Weiquan , He Mei , Xiong Jie , Wang Hui
Published: December 2021

Objectives

To investigate the airway management equipment and clinical practice in emergency department wards in China, and to explore the factors that influenced the nurses’ airway management practice.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

A nationwide survey covering the seven administrative regions of China (North China, Northeast China, East China, Central China, South China, Southwest China and Northwest China).

Participants

The nurses had to be registered nurses who worked in adult emergency department wards of the selected hospitals.

Measures

An online survey was designed, piloted and distributed to the members of the Emergency Medicine Committee of the Chinese Nursing Association, and the nurses from the members’ hospitals were invited to participate. The questionnaire was used to determine nurses’ clinical practice scores of airway management in emergency wards.

Results

Finally, we collected 995 valid questionnaires from 31 provinces and 143 districts in China. Among them, 361 (36.28%) nurses responded that their departments used open suction system (OSS) in clinical work, the major barrier for closed suction system (CSS) reported by 630 respondents (63.32%) was cost. Significant differences in all three scores were found in age, nursing experience years, technical title, airway management training experience and nursing specialist (all p<0.05). Correlations were found among airway management attitude, practice of sputum aspiration and practice of ventilator care bundles (r=0.655, r=0.543 and r=0.763, all p<0.001).

Conclusions

Chinese emergency department managers need to identify better methods for assessing equipment availability in OSS. CSS can be a choice when costs, status of the individual patient and severity of disease are comprehensively considered. Emergency department nurses’ scores of airway management practice were affected by demographic and job-related characteristics; regular training should be encouraged, and equipment and resources should be guaranteed to improve airway management quality and optimise patient outcomes.
Social network interventions in mental healthcare: a protocol for an umbrella review
Authors: Chmielowska Marta , Zisman-Ilani Yaara , Saunders Rob , Pilling Stephen
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Social networks (SNs) can play a crucial role in the process of recovery from mental illness. Yet there is no standard best practice for involving SNs to optimise patient recovery. It is therefore critical to explore the diversity of SN approaches in mental health, highlight gaps in the evidence and suggest future directions for research and practice. This protocol describes the methods for an umbrella review of SN interventions for the care and/or treatment of mental illness.

Methods and analysis

Nine electronic databases will be searched for the relevant journal articles: CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus and Ovid PsycINFO. We will include reviews which extracted information about the quantity, structure and quality of patient’s SNs as well as frequency of contact. The range of publication dates of the included articles will be from 2010 and 2021, as recommended by Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. The Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 tool and ratings of the quality of evidence will be used to assess the quality of the included reviews. The results will be presented in accordance with guidelines in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 statement. Findings will inform the development of an SN framework to guide the design and evaluation of psychosocial interventions.

Ethics and dissemination

This umbrella review will involve secondary data analysis and ethical approval is not required. The target audience includes clinicians, researchers and service users, who will be reached with tailored materials through journal publications, conference presentations and social media. The presentation of the results will provide a more complete picture of relevant evidence and explicit basis from which to improve psychosocial well-being for people diagnosed with a mental illness.

PROSPERO registration number

This protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (http:/ /www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO), registration number CRD42020192873.
“Vaccination needs to be easy for the people, right ?”: a qualitative study of the roles of physicians and pharmacists regarding vaccination in Switzerland
Authors: Jusufoska Meliha , Abreu de Azevedo Marta , Tolic Josipa , Deml Michael J , Tarr Philip E
Published: December 2021

Objective

Vaccination in pharmacies has been a key component of national vaccination strategies to facilitate vaccination access. Qualitative data on the perspectives of professional stakeholders on vaccination in pharmacies and on the professional relations of pharmacists with physicians regarding increasing immunisation rates is limited. We conducted a qualitative study in Switzerland. The main aim was to gain further insight into professional stakeholders’ perspectives on vaccination counselling and administration conducted in pharmacies, and to further understand their views on physicians’ and pharmacists’ roles in increasing immunisation rates.

Design

We conducted semistructured qualitative interviews. We coded and analysed transcripts using thematic analysis.

Setting

Face-to-face interviews took place in German-speaking and French-speaking regions of Switzerland.

Participants

We interviewed 14 key vaccination stakeholders including health authorities, heads of pharmacy management and professional association boards. All participants had a background in medicine or pharmacy.

Results

Three main themes emerged from the qualitative data: (1) Participants viewed pharmacists as competent to provide vaccination counselling and administration based on their university training; (2) interprofessional cooperation between physicians and pharmacists on vaccination topics is limited and should be improved; and (3) pharmacists play an important role in increasing immunisation rates by facilitating vaccination access and through provision of vaccination counselling.

Conclusion

By providing vaccination counselling and administering vaccines, pharmacists play an important public health role. Healthcare policies and health authorities should encourage more involvement of pharmacists and encourage interprofessional cooperation between physicians and pharmacists in order to improve vaccination counselling and increase immunisation rates.
Gender-specific and age-specific associations of the homoeostasis model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR) with albuminuria and renal function impairment: a retrospective cross-sectional study in Southeast China
Authors: Lin Chieh-An , Liu Yu-Ping , Chen Yi-Chuan , Yu Wei , Xiong Xue-Jie , Huang Hsiung-Ying , Li Wen-Cheng , Chen Jau-Yuan
Published: December 2021

Objectives

The study aimed to investigate the association of insulin resistance (IR), which was estimated by the homoeostasis model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR), with albuminuria and renal function impairment in a general Chinese population.

Design

A retrospective cross-sectional study.

Setting and participants

A total of 13 742 adults (age: ≥18 years) who underwent a health check-up at a hospital in Southeast China during 2013–2014 were enrolled. 216 subjects were excluded due to lack of enough fasting time, be pregnant, have chronic diseases influencing metabolic functions or have glomerulonephritis, renal cancer, kidney transplant. Eventually, 7552 men and 5974 women were included for the present analysis.

Primary outcome measures

The association of HOMA-IR with albuminuria and renal function impairment were analysed. The HOMA-IR cut-off value for detecting albuminuria and renal function impairment were determined.

Results

An increase in the HOMA-IR quartile was significantly associated with the prevalence of albuminuria and renal function impairment in all men and women aged >45 years. The multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed a significant association of the HOMA-IR with albuminuria and renal function impairment in subjects aged >45 years of the fourth quartiles compared with those of the first quartile after adjusting for potential confounders (albuminuria: men OR, 2.39; 95% CI 1.51 to 3.79, p<0.001; women OR, 2.40; 95% CI 1.44 to 4.01; p=0.001; renal function impairment: men OR, 2.30; 95% CI 1.50 to 3.51; p<0.001; women OR, 2.20; 95% CI 1.35 to 3.58; p=0.002). The optimal cut-off value of HOMA-IR for detecting albuminuria and renal function impairment was 2.69 in men aged ≤45 years, 1.60 in men aged >45 years and 1.86 in women aged >45 years.

Conclusions

Our study revealed that HOMA-IR was significantly associated with albuminuria and renal function impairment in individuals aged >45 years.
Dealing with being prescribed cardiovascular preventive medication: a narrative analysis of qualitative interviews with patients with recent acute coronary heart disease in Sweden
Authors: Hultberg Josabeth , Nilsson Staffan , Rudebeck Carl Edvard , Köhler Anita Kärner
Published: December 2021

Objective

To explore how patients with experience of acute coronary heart disease make sense of, and deal with, the fact of being prescribed cardiovascular preventive medication.

Design

Qualitative interview study.

Setting

Swedish primary care.

Participants

Twenty-one participants with experience of being prescribed cardiovascular preventive medication, recruited from a randomised controlled study of problem-based learning for self-care for coronary heart disease.

Methods

The participants were interviewed individually 6–12 months after their hospitalisation for acute coronary disease. A narrative analysis was conducted of their accounts of being prescribed cardiovascular preventive medication.

Results

Four themes shape the patients’ experiences:‘A matter of living’concerns an awareness of the will to live linked to being prescribed cardiovascular preventive medication regarded in the light of the recent hospitalisation. In‘Reconciliation of conflicting self-images’, patients dealt with being prescribed preventive medication through work to restore an identity of someone responsible in spite of viewing the taking of medication as questionable. The status of feeling healthy, while being someone in need of medication, also constituted conflicting self-images. Following this, taking medication was framed as necessary, not as an active choice.‘Being in the hands of expertise’is about the seeking of an answer from a reliable prescriber to the question: ‘Is this medication really necessary for me?’ Existential labour was done to establish that the practice of taking cardiovascular preventive medication was an inevitable necessity, rather than an active choice.‘Taking medicines no longer a big deal’could be the resulting experience of this process.

Conclusions

Unmet existential needs when being prescribed cardiovascular preventive medication seem to be a component of the burden of treatment. A continuous and trustful relationship with the prescribing doctor may facilitate the reconciliation of conflicting self-images, and support patients in their efforts to incorporate their medicines taking into daily life.
Diagnostic treatment-level discrepancies in patients with lumbosacral radicular pain and lumbar spine anomalies
Authors: Liebrand Bart , Brakel Koen , Boon Arthur , van der Weegen Walter , Wal Selina van der , Vissers Kris CP
Published: December 2021

Background

Lumbosacral transitional vertebra can result in an anomalous number of lumbar vertebrae associated with wrong level treatment. The primary aim of this study was to characterize discrepancies between reported referring levels and levels from MRI reports with treated levels. The secondary aim was to analyze interobserver variability between a pain physician and a radiologist when determining levels and classifying lumbosacral transitional vertebrae.

Methods

Between February 2016 and October 2019, a retrospective case series of prospectively collected data of the affected levels mentioned in referrals, MRI reports and treated levels was performed. The counting process, level determination, classification of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae and a secondary control were carried out by independent researchers using a standard methodology.

Results

Of the 2443 referrals, 143 patients had an anomalous number of lumbar vertebrae; of these, 114 were included for analysis. The vertebral level noted in the patient’s file, in the referral, and the reported level of treatment differed in 40% of these cases. The vertebral level between the MRI reports and treatment differed in 46% of cases. The interobserver reliability (radiologist vs pain physician) for classifying a transitional vertebra was fair ((κ=0.40) and was substantial (κ=0.70) when counting the vertebrae.

Conclusion

In the presence of lumbar spine anomalies, we report a high prevalence of discrepancies between referral levels and MRI pathological findings with treatment levels. Further research is needed to better understand clinical implications.
Refining and evaluating a Horvitz–Thompson-like stand density estimator in individual tree detection based on airborne laser scanning
Authors: Kansanen Kasper , Packalen Petteri , Lähivaara Timo , Seppänen Aku , Vauhkonen Jari , Maltamo Matti , Mehtätalo Lauri
Published: December 2021

Horvitz–Thompson-like stand density estimation is a method for estimating the stand density from tree crown objects extracted from airborne laser scanning data through individual tree detection. The estimator is based on stochastic geometry and mathematical morphology of the (planar) set formed by the detected tree crowns. This set is used to approximate the detection probabilities of trees. These probabilities are then used to calculate the estimate. The method includes a tuning parameter, which needs to be known to apply the method. We present a refinement of the method to allow more general detection conditions than those of previous papers. We also present and discuss the methods for estimating the tuning parameter of the estimator using a functional k-nearest neighbors method. We test the model fitting and prediction in two spatially separate data sets and examine the plot-level accuracy of estimation. The estimator produced a 13% lower RMSE (root-mean-square error) than the benchmark method in an external validation data set. We also analyze the effects of similarity and dissimilarity of training and validation data on the results.
AAC Whitehead hard white spring wheat
Authors: Randhawa H.S. , Graf R.J.
Published: December 2021

AAC Whitehead, an awned hard white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar, combines high grain yield and good agronomic characteristics with excellent disease resistance. Based on 34 station-years of registration trial data from 2017 to 2019, AAC Whitehead had grain yield significantly higher than all of the check cultivars. AAC Whitehead had maturity similar to the checks, low lodging scores, and significantly shorter plant height than Snowstar and Whitehawk. AAC Whitehead had significantly lower test weight and higher kernel mass than than all the check cultivars. AAC Whitehead expressed resistance to the prevalent races of leaf, stripe and stem rust, and common bunt; and moderate resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB). It also expressed tolerance to the orange wheat blossom midge. AAC Whitehead expresses quality attributes within the range of the check cultivars and is eligible for grades of Canada Western Hard White Spring wheat.
Definition of tectono-sedimentary elements for rifted continental margins of the Norwegian and Greenland seas
Authors: Brekke Harald , Bunkholt Halvor S. S. , Faleide Jan I. , Fyhn Michael B. W.
Published: December 2021

The geology of the conjugate continental margins of the Norwegian and Greenland Seas reflects 400 myr of post-Caledonian continental rifting, continental break-up between early Eocene and Miocene times, and subsequent passive-margin conditions accompanying seafloor spreading. During Devonian–Carboniferous time, rifting and continental deposition prevailed, but from the mid-Carboniferous rifting decreased and marine deposition commenced in the north, culminating in a Late Permian open seaway as rifting resumed. The seaway became partly filled by Triassic and Lower Jurassic sediments causing mixed marine–non-marine deposition. A permanent, open seaway was established by the end of the Early Jurassic and was followed by the development of an axial line of deep-marine Cretaceous basins. The final, strong rift pulse of continental break-up occurred along a line oblique to the axis of these basins. The Jan Mayen microcontinent formed by resumed rifting in a part of the East Greenland margin in Eocene–Miocene times. This complex tectonic development is reflected in the sedimentary record in the two conjugate margins, which clearly shows their common pre-break-up geological development. The strong correlation between the two present margins is the basis for defining seven tectono-sedimentary elements (TSEs) and establishing eight composite tectono-sedimentary elements (CTSEs) in the region.
3D stability analysis method for toppling failure on rock slopes
Authors: Wang Xiao-Gang , Lin Xin-Chao
Published: December 2021

In this paper, an optimized solution method is proposed for the 3D stability analysis of rock slopes subject to toppling failure, based on their geometric and mechanical properties. It was verified by a 3D block system that focused on the geometric properties of toppling slopes, considering the force and its action point on the interface of the block system as unknown variables, as well as introducing the definition of a safety factor considering both tension and shear strength reduction. The proposed method implied setting constraints, such as the balance equation corresponding to block force and moment, as well as non-violation of the yield criterion, considering the minimum value of the safety factor as the objective function. It was applied to the analysis of two typical 3D models simulating toppling failure on slopes. The example of a 3D spherical toppling slope was reconstructed and corroborated by calculation. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method could appropriately reflect the mechanical properties and stability behaviour of a 3D toppling slope, thereby facilitating the 3D stability analysis of toppling rock slopes.
The growing cost of deep learning for source code
Authors: Hellendoorn Vincent J. , Sawant Anand Ashok
Published: December 2021

Attempting to mitigate problems associated with the trend toward massive dataset scaling.
Fast Global Minimization of the Chan–Vese Model for Image Segmentation Problem
Authors: Gao Ran , Guo Li-Zhen
Published: December 2021

The segmentation of weak boundary is still a difficult problem, especially sensitive to noise, which leads to the failure of segmentation. Based on the previous works, by adding the boundary indicator function with

L

2,1

norm, a new convergent variational model is proposed. A novel strategy for the weak boundary image is presented. The existence of the minimizer for our model is given, by using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMMs) to solve the model. The experiments show that our new method is robust in segmentation of objects in a range of images with noise, low contrast, and direction.
Computer Digital Technology‐Based Educational Platform for Protection and Activation Design of Ming Furniture
Authors: Peng Zhe , Du Yichen
Published: December 2021

Chinese Ming‐style furniture is the first of the three major furnitures in the world, which has high artistic value and complete structural system. The protection of Ming‐style furniture and making its design show vitality that has always been a research topic in China and even in the world. Based on 3D virtual simulation technology, this paper uses 3D scanning reverse data acquisition technology and intelligent operation of computer engine to realize big data simulation and develops the design software of Ming furniture. By means of computer information technology, we interpret and present the structural thinking and design concept of Ming furniture and transform it into design program software. This has formed a system‐wide educational software operation platform for knowledge reserve, thinking training, design and application, and achievement transformation. By applying the mechanism strategy of production and teaching to the talent training plan of colleges and universities, the underlying logic of talent training, technical management, and production management that can open up the innovative industry of Ming furniture is also constructed. After experimenting with the platform software, students are able to understand the relationship between the structure and form of Ming furniture and can design new styles that fit the logic of Ming furniture shapes as they prefer.
Granulomonocytapheresis Using the Single-Needle Method for a Girl with Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Sasaki Yoshiaki , Kajino Hiroki
Published: December 2021

Granulomonocytapheresis (GMA) is an effective treatment for inducing remission in patients with refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). Furthermore, GMA has very few side effects and can be performed without using drugs except anticoagulants. However, GMA is sometimes challenging to perform, especially in children, as it usually requires securing two blood vessels. We attempted GMA by the single-needle method in a girl with UC, which is performed by securing only one blood vessel. In the present case, GMA could be performed 10 times without any side effects. Our case shows that GMA with the single-needle method was feasible in children with UC.
Free Vibration of Annular Circular Plates Based on Higher-Order Shear Deformation Theory: A Spline Approximation Technique
Authors: Javed Saira , Al Mukahal F. H. H.
Published: December 2021

This research is based on higher-order shear deformation theory to analyse the free vibration of composite annular circular plates using the spline approximation technique. Equilibrium equations are derived, and differential equations in terms of displacement and rotational functions are obtained. Cubic or quantic spline is used to approximate the displacement and rotational functions depending upon the order of these functions. A generalized eigenvalue problem is obtained and solved numerically for eigenfrequency parameter and associated eigenvector of spline coefficients. Frequency of annular circular plates with different numbers of layers with each layer consisting of different materials is analysed. The effect of geometric and material parameters on frequency value is investigated for simply supported condition. A comparative study with existing results narrates the validity of the present results. Graphs and tables depict the obtained results. Some figures and graphs are drawn by using Autodesk Maya and Matlab software.
miR-137 Inhibition of the Invasion, Metastasis, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Nasopharyngeal Cancer by Regulating KDM1A
Authors: Lu Han-qiang , Wang Run-kun , Wang Hui-rong , Zhou Guang-quan , Zhang Yan-shu
Published: December 2021

One of the most frequent malignancies in the head and neck is nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). MicroRNAs, a kind of tiny noncoding RNA molecule, have been used as negative regulators in different types of cancer therapy in recent decades by downregulating their targets. Recent research suggests that microRNAs play an important role in cancer’s epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), supporting or inhibiting EMT development. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is linked to a variety of cancer-related activities, including growth, metastasis, and invasion. Previous research has linked EMT to cancer stem-like characteristics as well as treatment resistance. Moreover, since microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of the EMT phenotype, certain miRNAs have an effect on cancer stemness and treatment resistance. As a result, both fundamental research and clinical therapy benefit from knowing the connection between EMT-associated miRNAs and cancer stemness/drug resistance. As a result, we looked at the different functions that EMT-associated miRNAs (miR-137) play in the stem-like characteristics of malignant cells in this article. Then we looked at how EMT-associated miRNAs interact with nasopharyngeal cancer’s drug-resistant complex signaling pathways. Using qRT-PCR, we evaluated the performance of several micro RNAs with the proposed miR-137 for inhibiting invasion, metastasis, and the EMT process. In conclusion, our findings showed that miR-137 acted as a tumor suppressor gene in controlling NPC EMT and metastasis and that it may be a new therapeutic strategy and prognosis marker for the disease.
Application of QR Code Online Testing Technology in Nursing Teaching in Colleges and Universities
Authors: Zheng Hai-yan , Ran Xing-cheng
Published: December 2021

In view of the current situation that the nursing teaching content is lacking pertinence and cannot effectively cultivate students’ critical thinking, this paper puts forward the application analysis of two-dimensional code online testing technology in nursing teaching in colleges and universities. Through the analysis of two-dimensional code recognition technology architecture and common application fields, an intelligent nursing teaching platform for two-dimensional code online testing technology was designed. Systematically, we summarize the advantages of intelligent nursing teaching platform, use flash and 3D technology to complete the virtualization of nursing teaching scene, and use XML technology to update and save teaching resources; we further build an intelligent nursing teaching platform by using the basic plate, nursing station plate, ward plate, dispensing room plate, and case and operation review plate. The experimental results show that under the two-dimensional code online test technology, the nursing teaching method in colleges and universities has strong teaching resource processing efficiency, improves the operation level of students’ nursing technology, and effectively cultivates the academic thinking of nursing students, which is of great significance to the progress of nursing teaching.
Trichosporon asahii Urinary Tract Infection in a Patient with Severe COVID-19
Authors: Cronyn Verschoyle , Howard John , Chiang Leslie , Le Lisa , Tims-Cook Zandraetta , Gertz Alida M
Published: December 2021

Trichosporon asahii is a yeast-like basidiomycete that is an emerging opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. Urinary tract infections due to T. asahii are rarely reported in the literature and typically seen only in immunocompromised patients. In addition to being immunocompromised, critically ill COVID-19 patients often have prolonged exposure to antibiotics, corticosteroids, and Foley catheters, which further increases their susceptibility to infection with T. asahii. There are limited case reports documenting successful treatment of T. asahii among hospitalized patients, particularly among COVID-19 patients, in the literature. Therefore, it is important that successful treatment regimens be reported. Here, we report a case of T. asahii urinary tract infection successfully treated with fluconazole and voriconazole in a 73-year-old male recovering from COVID-19. Urinary tract infections with T. asahii should be considered in persistently febrile COVID-19 patients with fungal urinary tract infections since prompt recognition and treatment can reduce the risk of disseminated disease and early mortality.
Dual X-Ray Image under Neural Network Adopted in Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Deep Hydrolyzed Protein Milk Powder and Parenteral Nutrition in Intervention of Neonatal Noninfectious Abdominal Distension
Authors: Zong Yinghong , Wu Limei , Wu Dongping , Jiang Jing , Yang Shimei
Published: December 2021

Objective. The aim of this study was to explore the application value of double X-ray image based on neural network in comparison of the efficacy and safety of deep-water proteolytic milk powder and parenteral nutrition in the intervention of neonatal noninfectious abdominal distention. Methods. Clinical data of 58 neonates diagnosed with noninfectious abdominal distention were retrospectively analyzed. 2D-3D registration was simplified into two steps by decomposing spatial rigid-body transformation parameters into two planes, including 2D-2D approximate rigid-body registration and single-parameter 2D-3D rigid-body registration. Then, the convolution neural network was used to fit the nonlinear mapping relationship between the residual of X-ray images and the corresponding attitude differences of children, and the residual regression spatial rigid-body transformation parameters of the X-DRR image pairs were obtained. Noninfectious abdominal distention was diagnosed in all neonates, of which 28 neonates were treated with deep hydrolyzed protein milk powder. Another 30 neonates who received parenteral nutrition support were set as control group. All newborns received two weeks of treatment. The total effective rate, birth weight recovery, weight growth rate, intestinal feeding recovery time, and incidence of feeding intolerance were compared between the two groups. Results. Spatial coordinate decomposition using double X-ray can simplify the mapping relationship between spatial coordinate transformation and X-DRR residual image. Compared with the gray level iterative optimization registration algorithm, the registration accuracy and speed were significantly improved. The total effective rate in the treatment group (92.86%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (9%). The recovery time of birth weight, intestinal feeding recovery time, and meconium excretion time were significantly shorter than those in the control group, and the body weight in the treatment group increased faster than that in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). In addition, the incidence of feeding intolerance was 3.57% (1/28) in the treatment group and 36.36% (8/22) in the control group, which was significantly lower than that in the treatment group (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. After data training, the network can complete accurate double ray registration in 0.04 s. Deep hydrolyzed protein milk powder had remarkable therapeutic effect on neonates, with no infective abdominal distention, fast recovery, and low incidence of feeding intolerance, which was safe and reliable in clinical application.
A Hierarchical Provable Massive Data Migration Method under Multicloud Storage
Authors: Haifeng Ma , HaiTao Yu , Ji Zhang , Junhua Wang , Qingshui Xue , Jiahai Yang
Published: December 2021

Now, many users have stored files on multiple clouds, and sometime, a large number of files are migrated between clouds. Because cloud providers and cloud servers are not entirely trusted, the corruption of user’s files event occur from time to time during the processes of storage and migration. Therefore, integrity verification must be performed, and the time verification overhead should be as low as possible. The existing provable data migrate methods still have the issue of high time overhead when a large number of files are migrated. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposed a hierarchical provable data migration method, which can provide the efficiency of data transfer integrity verification when moving large number of continuous files between clouds. In this paper, the proposed method is described in detail as well as the security analysis performance evaluation. The results proved that the proposed method can significantly decrease the detection latency of files transfer between clouds.
Hilfer-Hadamard Nonlocal Integro-Multipoint Fractional Boundary Value Problems
Authors: Promsakon Chanon , Ntouyas Sotiris K. , Tariboon Jessada
Published: December 2021

This paper is concerned with the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a new class of boundary value problems, consisting by Hilfer-Hadamard fractional differential equations, supplemented with nonlocal integro-multipoint boundary conditions. The existence of a unique solution is obtained via Banach contraction mapping principle, while the existence results are established by applying Schaefer and Krasnoselskii fixed point theorems as well as Leray-Schauder nonlinear alternative. Examples illustrating the main results are also constructed.
Antioxidation and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Ability of Coffee Pulp Extract by Ethanol
Authors: Chen Cheng-You , Shih Chia-Hung , Lin Tzu-Che , Zheng Ji-Hong , Hsu Chien-Chieh , Chen Kai-Meng , Lin Yung-Sheng , Wu Chin-Tung
Published: December 2021

Background. Following petroleum, coffee is the second most commonly traded commodity globally. It is also a popular good with economic value, as well as value in terms of leisure and culture. However, coffee processing generates a large amount of waste, resulting in environmental concerns. Therefore, in this study, ethanol was used to extract coffee waste (coffee pulp). High-performance liquid chromatography was conducted to examine the caffeine content and chlorogenic acid content, and the antioxidant capacity (i.e., the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, DPPH-free radical scavenging capacity, ABTS-free radical scavenging capacity, and reductive capacity) and the tyrosinase inhibition capacity of the coffee pulp extracted using ethanol were comprehensively evaluated. Results. The results showed that the coffee pulp extract obtained using 70% ethanol had the highest tyrosinase inhibition capacity, whereas that obtained using 50% ethanol had the most satisfactory antioxidant capacity (total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, DPPH-free radical scavenging capacity, ABTS-free radical scavenging capacity, and reductive capacity). Conclusion. The results revealed that coffee pulp has superior antioxidant capacity and tyrosinase inhibition capacity when extracted by ethanol. Increasing the economic value of coffee pulp can solve the environmental concerns caused by coffee waste.
Comparative Study of Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities of Different Parts from Pterocarpus Santalinoides l’Her. Ex. DC (Fabaceae)
Authors: Ayéna Aimé Cézaire , Anani Kokou , Dosseh Kossi , Agbonon Amegnona , Gbeassor Messanvi
Published: December 2021

Aims. Pterocarpus santalinoides is used in Beninese folk medicine for treatment of gastroenteritis. This study aims to compare the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity of the hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves, trunk bark, and root. Materials and Methods. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the broth microdilution method on 06 bacterial strains including 03 wild-type strains (Escherichia. coli 0157H, Salmonella sp., and Staphylococcus aureus sp.) and 03 reference strains (E. coli ATCC 25922, S. aureus ATCC 29213, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853), whereas the anti-inflammatory activity was performed by the carrageenan-induced paw edema method on rats. The DPPH-free radical scavenging was used to determine the antioxidant activity. Results. The MICs of the leaf extracts varied from 6.25 to 25 mg/mL for all strains. The MICs of the stem bark extracts were 6.5 to 25 μg/mL for five strains (E. coli 0157H, S. aureus ATCC 25922, Salmonella sp., E. coli ATCC 25922, and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853) and 3.125 mg/mL for S. aureus. Concerning the root extracts, the MICs varied from 12.5 to 50 mg/mL. The best anti-inflammatory power was obtained with the stem bark extract with the percentages of inhibition of 36.09%, 38.98%, and 39.50%. The DPPH test showed that the hydroethanolic extract of the 03 parts of P. santalinoides has a moderate antiradical power compared to the control which was quercetin. Conclusion. In view of the different pharmacological activity recorded, the extract of the leaves should be recommended to treat patients suffering from gastroenteriditis.
ASO-Based PKM Splice-Switching Therapy Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth
Authors: Ma Wai Kit , Voss Dillon M. , Scharner Juergen , Costa Ana S.H. , Lin Kuan-Ting , Jeon Hyun Yong , Wilkinson John E. , Jackson Michaela , Rigo Frank , Bennett C. Frank , Krainer Adrian R.
Published: December 2021

The M2 pyruvate kinase (PKM2) isoform is upregulated in most cancers and plays a crucial role in regulation of the Warburg effect, which is characterized by the preference for aerobic glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation for energy metabolism. PKM2 is an alternative-splice isoform of the PKM gene and is a potential therapeutic target. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) that switch PKM splicing from the cancer-associated PKM2 to the PKM1 isoform have been shown to induce apoptosis in cultured glioblastoma cells when delivered by lipofection. Here, we explore the potential of ASO-based PKM splice switching as a targeted therapy for liver cancer. A more potent lead constrained-ethyl (cEt)/DNA ASO induced PKM splice switching and inhibited the growth of cultured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. This PKM isoform switch increased pyruvate-kinase activity and altered glucose metabolism. In an orthotopic HCC xenograft mouse model, the lead ASO and a second ASO targeting a nonoverlapping site inhibited tumor growth. Finally, in a genetic HCC mouse model, a surrogate mouse-specific ASO induced Pkm splice switching and inhibited tumorigenesis, without observable toxicity. These results lay the groundwork for a potential ASO-based splicing therapy for HCC.

Significance:

Antisense oligonucleotides are used to induce a change in PKM isoform usage in hepatocellular carcinoma, reversing the Warburg effect and inhibiting tumorigenesis.
A Randomized Phase II Study Comparing Nivolumab with Carboplatin–Pemetrexed for EGFR-Mutated NSCLC with Resistance to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (WJOG8515L)
Authors: Hayashi Hidetoshi , Sugawara Shunichi , Fukuda Yasushi , Fujimoto Daichi , Miura Satoru , Ota Keiichi , Ozawa Yuichi , Hara Satoshi , Tanizaki Junko , Azuma Koichi , Omori Shota , Tachihara Motoko , Nishino Kazumi , Bessho Akihiro , Chiba Yasutaka , Haratani Koji , Sakai Kazuko , Nishio Kazuto , Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Nakagawa Kazuhiko
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

Although the efficacy of programmed cell death–1 (PD-1) blockade is generally poor for non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with activating mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) may improve the tumor immune microenvironment. We performed a randomized study to assess whether nivolumab improves outcome compared with chemotherapy in such patients previously treated with EGFR-TKIs.

Patients and Methods:

Patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC who acquired EGFR-TKI resistance not due to a secondary T790M mutation of EGFR were randomized 1:1 to nivolumab (n = 52) or carboplatin–pemetrexed (n = 50). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS).

Results:

Median PFS and 1-year PFS probability were 1.7 months and 9.6% for nivolumab versus 5.6 months and 14.0% for carboplatin–pemetrexed [log-rank P < 001; hazard ratio (HR) of 1.92, with a 60% confidence interval (CI) of 1.61–2.29]. Overall survival was 20.7 and 19.9 months [HR, 0.88 (95% CI, 0.53–1.47)], and response rate was 9.6% and 36.0% for nivolumab and carboplatin–pemetrexed, respectively. No subgroup including patients with a high tumor mutation burden showed a substantially longer PFS with nivolumab than with carboplatin-pemetrexed. The T-cell–inflamed gene expression profile score (0.11 vs. −0.17, P = 0.036) and expression of genes related to cytotoxic T lymphocytes or their recruitment were higher in tumors that showed a benefit from nivolumab.

Conclusions:

Nivolumab did not confer a longer PFS compared with carboplatin-pemetrexed in the study patients. Gene expression profiling identified some cases with a favorable tumor immune microenvironment that was associated with nivolumab efficacy.
HER3 Augmentation via Blockade of EGFR/AKT Signaling Enhances Anticancer Activity of HER3-Targeting Patritumab Deruxtecan in EGFR-Mutated Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Yonesaka Kimio , Tanizaki Junko , Maenishi Osamu , Haratani Koji , Kawakami Hisato , Tanaka Kaoru , Hayashi Hidetoshi , Sakai Kazuko , Chiba Yasutaka , Tsuya Asuka , Goto Hiroki , Otsuka Eri , Okida Hiroaki , Kobayashi Maki , Yoshimoto Ryoto , Funabashi Masanori , Hashimoto Yuuri , Hirotani Kenji , Kagari Takashi , Nishio Kazuto , Nakagawa Kazuhiko
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is a standard first-line therapy for activated EGFR-mutated non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Treatment options for patients with acquired EGFR-TKI resistance are limited. HER3 mediates EGFR-TKI resistance. Clinical trials of the HER3-targeting antibody–drug conjugate patritumab deruxtecan (HER3-DXd) demonstrated its anticancer activity in EGFR-mutated NSCLC; however, the mechanisms that regulate HER3 expression are unknown. This study was conducted with the aim to clarify the mechanisms underlying HER3 regulation in EGFR-mutated NSCLC tumors and explored the strategy for enhancing the anticancer activity of HER3-DXd in EGFR-mutated NSCLC.

Experimental Design:

Paired tumor samples were obtained from 48 patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC treated with EGFR-TKI(s). HER3 expression was immunohistochemically quantified with H-score, and genomic alteration and transcriptomic signature were tested in tumors from pretreatment to post-EGFR-TKI resistance acquisition. The anticancer efficacy of HER3-DXd and osimertinib was evaluated in EGFR-mutated NSCLC cells.

Results:

We showed augmented HER3 expression in EGFR-mutated tumors with acquired EGFR-TKI resistance compared with paired pretreatment samples. RNA sequencing revealed that repressed PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling was associated with HER3 augmentation, especially in tumors from patients who received continuous EGFR-TKI therapy. An in vitro study also showed that EGFR-TKI increased HER3 expression, repressed AKT phosphorylation in multiple EGFR-mutated cancers, and enhanced the anticancer activity of HER3-DXd.

Conclusions:

Our findings help clarify the mechanisms of HER3 regulation in EGFR-mutated NSCLC tumors and highlight a rationale for combination therapy with HER3-DXd and EGFR-TKI in EGFR-mutated NSCLC.
Effect of a 1-Year Controlled Lifestyle Intervention on Body Weight and Other Risk Markers (the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme, Cohort 2)
Authors: Koeder Christian , Kranz Ragna-Marie , Anand Corinna , Husain Sarah , Alzughayyar Dima , Schoch Nora , Hahn Andreas , Englert Heike
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The prevalence of obesity is high and increasing worldwide. Obesity is generally associated with an increased risk of chronic disease and mortality. The objective of the study was to test the effect of a lifestyle intervention on body weight and other chronic disease risk markers. Methods: A non-randomized controlled trial was conducted, including mostly middle-aged and elderly participants recruited from the general population in rural northwest Germany (intervention: n = 114; control: n = 87). The intervention consisted of a 1-year lifestyle programme, focussing on four key areas: a largely plant-based diet (strongest emphasis), physical activity, stress management, and community support. Parameters were assessed at baseline, 10 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year. The control group received no intervention. Results: Compared to the control, in the intervention group, significantly lower 1-year trajectories were observed for body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), total cholesterol, calculated LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, remnant cholesterol (REM-C), glucose, HbA1c, and resting heart rate (RHR). However, between-group differences at 1 year were small for glucose, HbA1c, and cholesterol (apart from REM-C). No significant between-group differences were found for 1-year trajectories of measured LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, blood pressure, and pulse pressure. Conclusion: The intervention successfully reduced body weight, BMI, WC, REM-C, and RHR. However, at 1 year, effectiveness of the intervention regarding other risk markers was either very modest or could not be shown.
A visão de desenvolvimento e mudança social de Freire: experiências do passado, desafios do presente e perspectivas para o futuro
Authors: Suzina Ana Cristina , Tufte Thomas
Published: December 2021

Este artigo propõe tomar o pensamento de Freire como um modelo ou mesmo paradigma de comunicação, desenvolvimento e mudança social. Para tanto, primeiro delineamos a dimensão ontológica de Freire, apresentando e discutindo seus cinco princípios subjacentes. Em seguida, percorremos seu legado, apresentando e discutindo como ele inspirou três importantes pensadores ibero-americanos, Augusto Boal, Juan Díaz Bordenave e Boaventura de Sousa Santos. Finalmente, aprofundamos nossa análise da visão de Freire sobre desenvolvimento e mudança social, destacando como ele navega entre uma visão normativa fundamentada em uma aspiração utópica de mudança e uma metodologia muito sistemática e rigorosa, sua pedagogia libertadora.
Las Voces que Somos, um enunciado da mídia dialógica indígena para a libertação
Authors: Magallanes-Blanco Claudia
Published: December 2021

Neste artigo, reviso as teorias de Paulo Freire da ação antidialógica e da ação cultural dialógica, bem como a noção de diálogo e enunciados de Bakhtin. Com base nisso, enfoco um projeto de comunicação de mídia indígena no estado de Oaxaca, México, e em um de seus produtos midiáticos que considero um enunciado de mídia. Defendo que os temas centrais do projeto de comunicação e uma série de rádio que os abordam, refletem o diálogo entre os comunicadores indígenas e a realidade atual que enfrentam, que ameaça seus territórios e modos de vida. O diálogo é um componente fundamental de um processo comunicativo que molda nossa compreensão do sistema-mundo e torna as diferenças e desigualdades evidentes.
Nova centralidade do território e da identidade nas lutas sociais e processo de complexificação da questão agrária
Authors: Pereira Carolina de Freitas
Published: December 2021

Até a década de 1980, as interpretações da questão agrária brasileira apontavam que os conflitos e as contradições no campo se expressavam na relação entre dois polos opostos: o camponês e o latifundiário, refletindo duas perspectivas diferentes de uso da terra – para trabalho (meio de produção e vida) e para negócio (associado à expansão e à especulação do mercado capitalista). Contudo, a partir de então, novas vozes irrompem na cena pública, politizando aspectos como a identidade e o território e reconfigurando o campo de disputas, processo que compreendemos como de complexificação da questão agrária. Este artigo trata desse processo, que é múltiplo do ponto de vista dos sujeitos e dos territórios e que impõe a necessidade de novas formas de abordagem dos problemas dos usos territoriais e dos conflitos no campo no Brasil.
A oferta de Airbnb como expressão da gentrificação e da turistificação em Paris
Authors: Cerqueira Eugênia Dória Viana
Published: December 2021

Nos últimos anos, a disseminação de Airbnb em diversas cidades do mundo suscitou uma série de questionamentos acerca da relação entre o crescimento acelerado da oferta de unidades de aluguel de curto prazo e o processo de gentrificação. Este trabalho objetiva investigar a articulação entre a valorização urbana pelo turismo em Paris traçando um paralelo entre a evolução geográfica da oferta de unidades de locação de curto prazo e os processos socioespaciais ligados à gentrificação. Pela análise quantitativa multivariada, demonstra-se que a expansão centrífuga da oferta de Airbnb em direção às periferias parisienses coincide com evoluções socioeconômicas intrínsecas ao processo de gentrificação, como o aumento do valor médio dos imóveis e da renda média dos habitantes e a expulsão da população imigrante.