bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Death and Myocardial Infarction Following Initial Revascularization Versus Optimal Medical Therapy in Chronic Coronary Syndromes With Myocardial Ischemia: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Contemporary Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Soares Andrea , Boden William E. , Hueb Whady , Brooks Maria M. , Vlachos Helen E. A. , O’Fee Kevin , Hardi Angela , Brown David L.
Published: January 2021

Background

In chronic coronary syndromes, myocardial ischemia is associated with a greater risk of death and nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI). We sought to compare the effect of initial revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) plus optimal medical therapy (OMT) with OMT alone in patients with chronic coronary syndrome and myocardial ischemia on long‐term death and nonfatal MI.

Methods and Results

Ovid Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of PCI or CABG plus OMT versus OMT alone for patients with chronic coronary syndromes. Studies were screened and data were extracted independently by 2 authors. Random‐effects models were used to generate pooled treatment effects. The search yielded 7 randomized controlled trials that randomized 10 797 patients. Median follow‐up was 5 years. Death occurred in 640 of the 5413 patients (11.8%) randomized to revascularization and in 647 of the 5384 patients (12%) randomized to OMT (odds ratio [OR], 0.97; 95% CI, 0.86–1.09;
P
=0.60). Nonfatal MI was reported in 554 of 5413 patients (10.2%) in the revascularization arms compared with 627 of 5384 patients (11.6%) in the OMT arms (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.57–0.99;
P
=0.04). In subgroup analysis, nonfatal MI was significantly reduced by CABG (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.21–0.59;
P
<0.001) but was not reduced by PCI (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.75–1.13;
P
=0.43) (
P
‐interaction <0.001).

Conclusions

In patients with chronic coronary syndromes and myocardial ischemia, initial revascularization with PCI or CABG plus OMT did not reduce long‐term mortality compared with OMT alone. CABG plus OMT reduced nonfatal MI compared with OMT alone, whereas PCI did not.
Genetically Determined Smoking Behavior and Risk of Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Acosta Julián N. , Szejko Natalia , Both Cameron P. , Vanent Kevin , Noche Rommell B. , Gill Thomas M. , Matouk Charles C. , Sheth Kevin N. , Gunel Murat , Falcone Guido J.
Published: January 2021

Background and Purpose:

Animal and observational studies indicate that smoking is a risk factor for aneurysm formation and rupture, leading to nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, a definitive causal relationship between smoking and the risk of SAH has not been established. Using Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses, we tested the hypothesis that smoking is causally linked to the risk of SAH.

Methods:

We conducted a 1-sample MR study using data from the UK Biobank, a large cohort study that enrolled over 500 000 Britons aged 40 to 69 from 2006 to 2010. Participants of European descent were included. SAH cases were ascertained using a combination of self-reported, electronic medical record, and death registry data. As the instrument, we built a polygenic risk score using independent genetic variants known to associate (
P
<5
×10
−
8
) with smoking behavior. This polygenic risk score represents the genetic susceptibility to smoking initiation. The primary MR analysis utilized the ratio method. Secondary MR analyses included the inverse variance weighted and weighted median methods.

Results:

A total of 408 609 study participants were evaluated (mean age, 57 [SD 8], female sex, 220 937 [54%]). Among these, 132 566 (32%) ever smoked regularly, and 904 (0.22%) had a SAH. Each additional SD of the smoking polygenic risk score was associated with 21% increased risk of smoking (odds ratio [OR], 1.21 [95% CI, 1.20–1.21];
P
<0.001) and a 10% increased risk of SAH (OR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.03–1.17];
P
=0.006). In the primary MR analysis, genetic susceptibility to smoking was associated with a 63% increase in the risk of SAH (OR, 1.63 [95% CI, 1.15–2.31];
P
=0.006). Secondary analyses using the inverse variance weighted method (OR, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.13–2.17];
P
=0.007) and the weighted median method (OR, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.06–2.86];
P
=0.03) yielded similar results. There was no significant pleiotropy (MR-Egger intercept
P
=0.39; MR Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier global test
P
=0.69).

Conclusions:

These findings provide evidence for a causal link between smoking and the risk of SAH.
Figuring Out
Authors: Danna Raffaele
Published: January 2021

The paper focusses on the spread of Hindu-Arabic arithmetic among European practitioners. The analysis is based on an original database recording detailed information on over 1200 practical arithmetic manuals, both manuscript and printed. This database provides the most detailed reconstruction available of the European tradition of practical arithmetic from the late 13th to the end of the 16th century. The paper argues that studying this spread makes it possible to open a perspective on a progressive transmission of ‘useful knowledge’ from the ‘commercial revolution’ to the ‘little divergence’. Focussing on the transmission of practical arithmetic allows to stress the role of skills and human capital in pre-modern European economic development. Moreover, it allows to reconstruct a progressive transmission, from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic, of a ‘practical knowledge’ which eventually contributed to major developments in European ‘theoretical knowledge’.
A new frog species of the genus Odorrana (Anura: Ranidae) from Yunnan, China
Authors: LIU XIAOLONG , HE YANHONG , WANG YUFAN , BEUKEMA WOUTER , HOU SHAOBIN , LI YINGCUN , CHE JING , YUAN ZHIYONG
Published: January 2021

The Chinese-Myanmar border area forms part of a long-acknowledged biodiversity hotspot. This region is characterised by dramatic topography and diverse landscapes, which support a high degree of biodiversity and endemism that remains largely understudied. Based on recent survey efforts we here describe a new frog species of the genus Odorrana from this area. Found in Dulongjiang village, Yunnan, China, the new species differs from a morphological perspective from its congeners through the combination of a grass-green dorsum with black posterior spots, absence of dorsolateral folds, a distinct pineal body, presence of supratympanic folds, absence of outer metacarpal, metatarsal and supernumerary tubercles, and a pair of external subgular vocal sacs. From a molecular perspective, pairwise genetic distances of 4.8% to 11.6% for DNA sequences of the mitochondrial gene for 16S ribosomal RNA differentiate the new species from other Odorrana. Our mitochondrial phylogeny suggests that the new species is a deeply divergent genetic lineage clustering with the clade including Odorrana wuchuanensis, and the Odorrana andersonii and Odorrana margaretae groups. The discovery of this new species emphasizes the need for further herpetological studies in the China-Myanmar border region.
A new species of Isonychia Eaton, 1871 (Ephemeroptera: Isonychiidae) from Kapila River, Central Western Ghats, India
Authors: MUTHUKATTURAJA M. , BALASUBRAMANIAN C. , RATHINAKUMAR T. , SIVARAMAKRISHNAN K. G.
Published: January 2021

Isonychia (Isonychia) radhae n. sp. is described based on larvae and imagoes from Kapila River, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka State, India. The imagoes of I. radhae n. sp. can be distinguished from the other known Oriental species by the following combination of characters: (i) absence of rusty brown maculae in the costal, subcostal, and median areas of forewing; (ii) forelegs dark brown except coxae; (iii) Scattered barbs present in penis; (iv) Second segment of gonostylus long and slender; and (v) sterna of abdominal segment X in female not deeply cleft. Isonychia radhae n. sp. can be distinguished in the larval stage from other known Oriental species by the following combination of characters: (i) tergites II–IV without distinct stripe medially, tergites V–X with a pair vague oblique stripe; (ii) abdominal terga II–IX with median dark brown maculae progressively larger with dark brown slanting streaks in lateral margins; (iii) gills I and II small, tracheae of abdominal gills I–VII unbranched; (iv) postero-lateral projection on anterior segments of abdomen blunt and small, acute on segments VIII–IX and large at on segment IX; (v) median terminal filament slightly shorter than 1/3 length of cerci; (vi) distal segments of cerci dark, basal ¾ of mesal margin of cerci and lateral margin of terminal filament with long thin setae. Revised keys to the known larvae and male imagoes of Oriental species of Isonychia are also provided.
Introductory Comments
Authors: Sujecka Jolanta
Published: January 2021

Introductory CommentsThe ninth issue of Colloquia Humanistica (2020) contains a thematic section entitled Sephardim, Ashkenazim and Non-Jewish Peoples: Encounters Across Europe, but in fact the whole issue is devoted to Jewish topics.In the Materials, Sources, Archives section, this time we present four papers which deal with relevant religious texts, literature, biography and, finally, historical documents. In the Discussion. Presentations. Book Reviews segment we offer readers two reviews of interesting books, and also one paper which, through the scholar’s personal biography, reflects on how snippets of the Jewish past tend to linger on in the form of absent presences. Uwagi wstępneDziewiąty numer „Colloquia Humanistica” (2020) zawiera blok tematyczny zatytułowany: Sephardim, Ashkenazim and Non-Jewish Peoples. Encounters Across Europe, jakkolwiek cały rocznik jest poświęcony tematyce żydowskiej.W dziale Materials, Sources, Archives tym razem publikujemy cztery artykuły, które prezentują ważne teksty religijne, literackie, biograficzne, wreszcie dokumenty historyczne. W dziele Discussion. Presentations. Book Reviews oferujemy czytelnikom dwie recenzje interesujących monografii, a także artykuł, w którym poprzez refleksję zawartą w osobistej biografii badacza, autor zastanawia się, jak fragmenty żydowskiej przeszłości trwają w formie nieobecnej obecności.
The Jewish Identity of the “Unexpected Generation” in the Context of the Upbringing Model in a Mixed Family
Authors: Cukras-Stelągowska Joanna
Published: January 2021

The Jewish Identity of the “Unexpected Generation” in the Context of the Upbringing Model in a Mixed FamilyThe goal of the article is to introduce one of the youngest Jewish generations in Poland, known as the “unexpected generation”, based on my own research and the findings of other researchers. At the same time, I consider the essence of upbringing in a mixed family and its consequences for the socio-cultural identity of this generation. I look at ways of constructing patterns of Jewish family life and possible forms and content of intergenerational family transmission. I also highlight challenges and potential threats faced by Jewish families living in Poland today. Consequently, I try to outline possible further research directions related to issues of cultural content transmission in a family and the transmission of Jewish religious and linguistic heritage. Tożsamość żydowska „nieoczekiwanego pokolenia” w kontekście modelu wychowania w rodzinie mieszanej W swoim artykule chciałabym przybliżyć jedno z najmłodszych pokoleń żydowskich w Polsce, zwane „nieoczekiwaną generacją”, na podstawie badań własnych oraz ustaleń innych badaczy. Jednocześnie uwzględniam istotę wychowania w rodzinie mieszanej i to, jakie niesie za sobą konsekwencje dla tożsamości społeczno-kulturowej tegoż pokolenia. Przyjrzę się sposobom konstruowania wzorów żydowskiego życia rodzinnego oraz możliwym formom i treściom rodzinnej transmisji międzypokoleniowej. Wskażę także na wyzwania i potencjalne zagrożenia, przed którymi stają dziś żydowskie rodziny mieszkające w Polsce. W efekcie postaram się wytyczyć możliwe dalsze kierunki badawcze podejmujące kwestie transmisji treści kulturowych w rodzinie, przekazu żydowskiego dziedzictwa religijnego i językowego.
Christianisation as Cultural Guilt: The Bulgarian Experience
Authors: Danova Sirma
Published: January 2021

Christianisation as Cultural Guilt: The Bulgarian ExperienceThis article contextualises the idea of Christianisation as cultural guilt within the Bulgarian context, particularly at the time of the Bulgarian National Revival. This theory has been most radically depicted in the published works of the outstanding revolutionary and poet of the National Revival, Hristo Botev. The origin of this idea is studied through his cultural dialogue with the texts of Georgi Rakovski (another eminent revolutionary and poet from the same period) to prove that the decadent version of Christianisation was known amongst the Bulgarian elite, most of whom were educated at Russian institutions, where they became familiar with the essays of the German historiogJohann Christian von Engel. Under his influence, Christianisation is considered to be a cultural and political invasion on the part of the Byzantine Empire. In this context, the motive of the lost brightness of the Bulgarian Middle Ages emerges from the literary works of the National Revival. The valuation of the medieval symbols of the obliterated Bulgarian antiquity culminated in the 1920s and 1930s. During that period, aspects of national identification were sought from magicians, dualists, and anchorites, which ultimately did not yield the desired result for the official nationalism but rather caused a crisis of symbols. Chrystianizacja jako wina kulturowa. Doświadczenie bułgarskieW niniejszym artykule postawiono sobie za cel kontekstualizację idei chrystianizacji jako winy kulturowej na gruncie bułgarskim, znanej od czasów bułgarskiego odrodzenia narodowego. Teza ta została najbardziej radykalnie wyrażona w dziełach publicystycznych wybitnego rewolucjonisty i poety odrodzenia narodowego, Christa Botewa. Poddano tu analizie genezę tej idei poprzez jego dialog kulturowy z tekstami Georgiego Rakowskiego, innego wybitnego rewolucjonisty i poety z tego samego okresu, aby udowodnić, że dekadencka wersja chrystianizacji jest znana wśród bułgarskiej elity, uformowanej głównie w rosyjskich instytucjach oświatowych, dzięki esejom niemieckiego historyka Johanna Christiana von Engela. Pod jego wpływem chrystianizacja jest uważana za inwazję kulturową i polityczną cesarstwa bizantyjskiego. W tym kontekście w dziełach literackich odrodzenia narodowego pojawia się motyw utraconej świetności bułgarskiego średniowiecza. Wartościowanie średniowiecznych symboli zatartej starożytności bułgarskiej ma swą kulminację w okresie międzywojennym, w latach 20. i 30. XX wieku. W tym czasie poszukiwano tożsamości narodowej u magów, dualistów, anachoretów, co ostatecznie nie przyniosło pożądanego efektu dla oficjalnego mitonacjonalizmu, lecz spowodowało kryzys symboli.
Na duchowych rozdrożach. „Nie-dualistyczne” podejście do zagadnień duchowych w prozie Olgi Tokarczuk
Authors: Mikołejko Zbigniew
Published: January 2021

On Spiritual Crossroads: A “Non-Dualist” Approach to Spiritual Issues in the Prose of Olga TokarczukThe author attempts to reconstruct the spiritual structure that emerges from the literary work of Olga Tokarczuk. In his opinion, the direct context of this structure is a sense of a crisis or even the twilight of contemporary Western culture. For this reason, Tokarczuk seeks a paradoxical synthesis of antinomies which are tearing the modern world apart and which grow out of radically different intellectual, religious and civilisational traditions. Above all, she aims to combine the rational and empirical tradition of the European Enlightenment with prophetic and messianic currents, as well as elements of folk magic. For Tokarczuk, what has become a model of such a fusion is eighteenth-century Podolia, a region in the eastern borderlands of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, where numerous forms of Jewish and Christian mysticism and messianism were born in stormy historical circumstances. Na duchowych rozdrożach. „Nie-dualistyczne” podejście do zagadnień duchowych w prozie Olgi TokarczukAutor podejmuje – z perspektywy religioznawczej oraz filozoficznej – próbę rekonstrukcji struktury duchowej, która wyłania się z literackiej twórczości Olgi Tokarczuk. W jego przekonaniu bezpośredni kontekst owej konstrukcji stanowi poczucie kryzysu, a nawet zmierzchu dzisiejszej kultury Zachodu. Z tego względu Tokarczuk zmierza ku paradoksalnej syntezie antynomii rozdzierających współczesny świat, które wyrastają z radykalnie odmiennych tradycji intelektualnych, religijnych i cywilizacyjnych. Przede wszystkim Tokarczuk chodzi o zespolenie racjonalnej i empirycznej tradycji europejskiego oświecenia z nurtami profetycznymi i mesjańskimi, jak również elementami ludowej magii. Wzorem takiego rodzaju fuzji stało się dla pisarki osiemnastowieczne Podole – kraina położona na wschodnich rubieżach Rzeczpospolitej Obojga Narodów, gdzie w burzliwych okolicznościach rodziły się liczne formy mistycyzmu żydowskiego i chrześcijańskiego.
Automatic Segmentation Method of Breast Tumor Ultrasonic Images Based on Attention-Enhancing Unet
Authors: Yan Yu , Cai Xiaowei , Fang Ge , Zhu Wei , Liu Jian , Xiao Funan , Zhao Manxue , Wang Zuming , Wu Yiyun
Published: January 2021

In order to improve the accuracy of the segmentation of the breast ultrasound image lesion, Attention-Unet was improved, and an Attention-enhancing Unet (AE-Unet) model is proposed. First, the network loss function was improved. Based on the output value of the traditional network end,
output weights of all attention gate were integrated. Compared with the standard lesion template, it was used to obtain accurate network loss values; Secondly, the network training method was improved, and the strategy of combining thickness and fineness was adopted. The overall loss function
was used to train the overall network to make the network basically stable; then the partial loss function was used to alternately train the backbone network and the attention gate module in turn. Fine-tuning was used to further improve the accuracy of network parameters. The combination of
the two greatly improves the accuracy of segmentation of the breast ultrasound lesion area. The experimental results on the breast ultrasound data actually collected in the hospital show that the proposed AE-Unet model has an M-IOU of 81.24%, precision of 85.88%, F1 of 80.58%, Acc of
93.85% and specificity of 97.48%, PPV is up to 85.88%, which has achieved better segmentation results than existing advanced algorithms.
Myocardial Infarction in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Incidence and Coronary Angiography Findings
Authors: Tornvall Per , Göransson Alexandra , Ekman Julia , Järnbert-Pettersson Hans
Published: January 2021

An association between acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been suggested. The cause of AMI is presumed to be atherothrombosis. In the present study, the primary objective was to assess incident AMI cases and the secondary objective was to estimate the proportion of myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) in patients with SLE. All Swedish patients with SLE without AMI before 1996 (n = 4192) were followed for 20 years in the national patient registry. For each SLE patient, 10 age- and sex-matched controls without SLE and AMI before 1996 (n = 41 892) were identified. Data from patients and controls with AMI after 1996 were linked with the Swedish coronary angiography and angioplasty register; 549 (13%) and 3352 (8%) first AMIs occurred in patients with SLE and controls, respectively. The incidence of AMI was 9.6 (95% CI: 8.9-10.5) and 4.9 (95% CI: 4.8-5.1) events/1000 person-years in patients with SLE and controls, respectively. The proportion of MINOCA was 10.8% in patients with SLE and 13.8% in controls ( P = .261), respectively. In conclusion, the incidence of AMI is increased in a European population of patients with SLE but there is no indication that the proportion of MINOCA is increased in these patients.
Critical Evaluation of Trends in Otolaryngology Resident Caseload by Subspecialty from 2005 to 2019
Authors: Welschmeyer Alexandra , Coerdt Kathleen , Crossley Jason , Malekzadeh Sonya
Published: January 2021

Background:

Subspecialty caseloads logged by otolaryngology residents over the last 15 years is currently unknown. This study examines the trends at the national level.

Methods:

Otolaryngology case log data was collected from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) from 2005 to 2019. Data were categorized according to the following surgical subspecialties: pediatrics, rhinology/skull base, head and neck, facial plastics, otology, and laryngology. Linear regression analyses were performed for each procedure within each subspecialty, total subspecialty means, and total caseload means across all years.

Results:

Overall surgical volume significantly increased between 2005 and 2019 ( P < .0001); however, there was a significant decline in pediatrics procedures ( R2 = 0.80, P < .0001). Rhinology/skull base procedures increased the most drastically ( R2 = 0.96, P < .0001).

Conclusion:

While total mean resident case logs have steadily increased between 2005 and 2019, pediatric cases have declined substantially due to fewer tympanostomy tube insertions and adenotonsillectomies. Rhinology/skull base procedures have increased most significantly secondary to an increase in endoscopic sinus surgeries. Despite changes in case volume amongst specialties, the annual increase in resident case load suggests that otolaryngology residents are meeting the demands of their graduate medical training.
Use of faecal immunochemical testing as an alternative to faecal calprotectin in children
Authors: Sandhu Kirn , Naik Sandhia , Ayling Ruth M
Published: January 2021

Background

Faecal calprotectin has been widely used as a non-invasive marker of intestinal inflammation in children. Measurement of faecal haemoglobin using faecal immunochemical test is well established in adults for detection of colorectal cancer. In adults, faecal haemoglobin has been recommended as a reliable tool to aid identification of those at low risk of significant bowel disease and has also been used in inflammatory bowel disease to assess mucosal healing.

Aims

We aimed to evaluate the performance of faecal haemoglobin in the paediatric population and compare it with faecal calprotectin.

Methods

Children being assessed in the paediatric gastroenterology clinic for bowel symptoms had a sample sent for both faecal calprotectin and faecal haemoglobin. Samples were collected over a 10-month period from November 2018 to September 2019. Faecal haemoglobin was measured using an OC-Sensor. Faecal calprotectin was measured using Liason®Calprotectin.

Results

One hundred forty three samples were returned for faecal haemoglobin and in 107 a paired faecal calprotectin was also available. Faecal haemoglobin correlated with faecal calprotectin, Spearman’s rank coefficient 0.656 ( P < 0.0001). There were 35 patients with faecal haemoglobin >20 μg/g and in 32 of these patients faecal calprotectin was >200 μg/g; 74 patients with faecal haemoglobin and 38 patients with faecal calprotectin underwent colonoscopy. Patients with normal histology had faecal haemoglobin <4 μg/g; faecal haemoglobin >20 µg/g was associated with signification inflammation

Conclusion

Our study is the first to compare faecal haemoglobin and faecal calprotectin in a paediatric population. Results suggest that faecal haemoglobin correlates with faecal calprotectin and, as in adults, may be useful to rule out significant bowel disease. A faecal haemoglobin >20 μg/g was consistent with significant histological inflammation.
Turnaround times and modes of reporting critical results in Asian laboratories
Authors: Badrick Tony , Saleem Mohamed , Wong Wesley
Published: January 2021

Background

Reporting critical results in a timely manner is a crucial role of clinical laboratories. Traditionally, these results were reported using the phone or fax system. However, there are now other modes of communication for this reporting. Quality improvement in any organization is driven by detection of errors and benchmarking against peers. In the case of critical result reporting, there are few current widely used Benchmarking schemes.

Methods

The Roche Clinical Chemistry Benchmarking Survey in 2019 added questions about critical result reporting including the mode of communication and turnaround time key performance index. This survey includes over 1100 laboratories from 20 countries.

Results

The survey revealed a range of communication strategies with phone calls still the commonest followed by email. The key performance index for most laboratories was less than 10 min.

Conclusion

Benchmarking can provide key information for quality improvement activities, particularly pre- and postanalytical.
Philip Pullman’s Jesus and ‘Christ’—and God?
Authors: Morgan Robert
Published: January 2021

A story which dramatizes the distinction between the historical reality of Jesus and the ‘Christ of faith’ has given new life to a once powerful critique of Christian doctrine. Pullman’s alternative version of the gospel story can be countered by historical scholarship which shares his non-supernaturalist assumptions, but a theological response which communicates the Christian message of the gospels is also needed. The allegorical interpretation that Pullman’s fable invites allows a reading that is compatible with a rational form of traditional Christianity.
Evidence-Based Strategies for Improving Occupational Safety and Health Among Teleworkers During and After the Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Schall Mark C. , Chen Peter
Published: January 2021

Objective

To review practical, evidence-based strategies that may be implemented to promote teleworker safety, health, and well-being during and after the coronavirus pandemic of 2019 (COVID-19).

Background

The prevalence of telework has increased due to COVID-19. The upsurge brings with it challenges, including limited face-to-face interaction with colleagues and supervisors, reduced access to ergonomics information and resources, increased social isolation, and blurred role definitions, which may adversely affect teleworker safety, health, and well-being.

Method

Evidence-based strategies for improving occupational safety, health, and well-being among teleworkers were synthesized in a narrative-based review to address common challenges associated with telework considering circumstances unique to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

Interventions aimed at increasing worker motivation to engage in safe and healthy behaviors via enhanced safety leadership, managing role boundaries to reduce occupational safety and health risks, and redesigning work to strengthen interpersonal interactions, interdependence, as well as workers’ initiation have been supported in the literature.

Application

This review provides practical guidance for group-level supervisors, occupational safety and health managers, and organizational leaders responsible for promoting health and safety among employees despite challenges associated with an increase in telework.
Contextualising intersectionality: A qualitative study of East Asian female migrant workers in the UK
Authors: Hwang Seonyoung , Beauregard T Alexandra
Published: January 2021

Previous intersectional research on ethnic minority women has largely focused on inequalities and disadvantages associated with the intersection between their minority gender and ethnic identities. In this study, we challenge the static and dichotomous assumption of the existing intersectionality framework (e.g. privilege versus disadvantage) and adopt Holvino’s intersectional perspective of simultaneity as a theoretical lens through which to demonstrate the importance of understanding intersectionality within various levels of contexts, or contextualising social differences. Interviews with 43 female migrant workers from China, Japan and Korea living in the UK revealed that these women perceived disadvantage in terms of gender/ethnic stereotyping and discriminatory practices at work. At the same time, however, their accounts provided evidence of contextualised privilege, namely ‘relative privilege’ (privilege in comparison to multiple reference groups), ‘assigned privilege’ (privilege assigned by their employers and the host society), and ‘ambiguous privilege’ (privilege as a double-edged sword). Based on these observations, we suggest that the location of East Asian women is not fixed within the interlocking systems of oppression in the host country; rather, this location is dynamic and fluid within interpersonal, organisational and societal contexts in the home and host countries, moving back and forth between disadvantage and (limited) privilege.
Managing liminal time in the fly-in fly-out work camp
Authors: Dorow Sara , Jean Sandrine
Published: January 2021

Fly-in fly-out (FIFO) work camps are built and organized to ensure that long-distance rotational workers are fed, housed, and mobilized in sync with the pressing yet unpredictable rhythms of resource extraction. Positioned thus ‘betwixt and between’ the complex relations of work and life (Johnsen and Sørensen, 2015), the work camp is a generative yet hitherto neglected example of the temporal operations of permanent liminality (Bamber et al., 2017). But what does this mean for workers? If camp does the liminal work of managing the temporal challenges of the resource-based mobility regime, how do FIFO workers experience and respond to its inevitable lived consequences? Drawing on rare qualitative fieldwork in Canada’s Athabasca Oil Sands, we explain the effects of camp time—disorientation, monotony, and entrapment—and examine the temporal tactics workers deploy to manage those effects, from embracing and disrupting internal camp routines to aligning and syncing with outside and future-oriented temporalities. We argue that workers’ tactics make them ‘competent liminars’ (Borg and Söderlund, 2015) of camp time, which is, in turn, crucial to the latter’s disciplining function within the FIFO mobility regime. Our findings invite renewed attention to the temporal mediation accomplished by liminal people and places, especially in organizational contexts aimed at institutionally harnessing social time to productive imperatives.
Metabolomics Insights in Early Childhood Caries
Authors: Heimisdottir L.H. , Lin B.M. , Cho H. , Orlenko A. , Ribeiro A.A. , Simon-Soro A. , Roach J. , Shungin D. , Ginnis J. , Simancas-Pallares M.A. , Spangler H.D. , Zandoná A.G. Ferreira , Wright J.T. , Ramamoorthy P. , Moore J.H. , Koo H. , Wu D. , Divaris K.
Published: January 2021

Dental caries is characterized by a dysbiotic shift at the biofilm–tooth surface interface, yet comprehensive biochemical characterizations of the biofilm are scant. We used metabolomics to identify biochemical features of the supragingival biofilm associated with early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence and severity. The study’s analytical sample comprised 289 children ages 3 to 5 (51% with ECC) who attended public preschools in North Carolina and were enrolled in a community-based cross-sectional study of early childhood oral health. Clinical examinations were conducted by calibrated examiners in community locations using International Caries Detection and Classification System (ICDAS) criteria. Supragingival plaque collected from the facial/buccal surfaces of all primary teeth in the upper-left quadrant was analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Associations between individual metabolites and 18 clinical traits (based on different ECC definitions and sets of tooth surfaces) were quantified using Brownian distance correlations (dCor) and linear regression modeling of log2-transformed values, applying a false discovery rate multiple testing correction. A tree-based pipeline optimization tool (TPOT)–machine learning process was used to identify the best-fitting ECC classification metabolite model. There were 503 named metabolites identified, including microbial, host, and exogenous biochemicals. Most significant ECC-metabolite associations were positive (i.e., upregulations/enrichments). The localized ECC case definition (ICDAS ≥1 caries experience within the surfaces from which plaque was collected) had the strongest correlation with the metabolome (dCor P = 8 × 10−3). Sixteen metabolites were significantly associated with ECC after multiple testing correction, including fucose ( P = 3.0 × 10−6) and N-acetylneuraminate (p = 6.8 × 10−6) with higher ECC prevalence, as well as catechin ( P = 4.7 × 10−6) and epicatechin ( P = 2.9 × 10−6) with lower. Catechin, epicatechin, imidazole propionate, fucose, 9,10-DiHOME, and N-acetylneuraminate were among the top 15 metabolites in terms of ECC classification importance in the automated TPOT model. These supragingival biofilm metabolite findings provide novel insights in ECC biology and can serve as the basis for the development of measures of disease activity or risk assessment.
Idea of Research-Writing in Sociology: Polemics on the Loss of a Transformative Practice
Authors: Pathak Dev Nath
Published: January 2021

Following Alwin Gouldner (1971), it is pertinent to perpetually ask a seemingly all-time relevant question. And the question is, what do sociologists do? In the manner of doing sociology of sociology, and by a polemical resurrection of fragments from the dominant practices of sociologists, this essay brings forth general understanding about the idea of research-writing in contemporary India. It underlines the anomalies in the practice of research-writing, connected with the teaching and training programmes, in a self-referential perspective. The essay substantiates the polemics with analytical reasoning, in order to reveal as to what could be reasons behind this state of sociological research-writings.
A. K. Saran’s Sociology: Towards a Critique of Modernist Mode in Social Sciences
Authors: Pandey Ajit Kumar
Published: January 2021

In the academic world of Indian Sociology, the deeply philosophical orientation of A. K. Saran’s approach, together with the masterly approaches developed by Radha Kamal Mukerjee and D. P. Mukerjee, each in his own distinct way came to be known as the trait of the Lucknow School, which made the great contribution of making traditional values not as the object of the study but as the frame of reference for sociological study and analysis. Saran, in this academic endeavour, appears to be influenced by the great philosophers like Rene Guenon, A. K. Coomaraswamy, Frithjof Schuon, Micro Pallis and Titus Burckhardt. These philosophers, though concerned with the crises of modern civilisation, were primarily remained engaged in the enunciation and interpretation of the traditional doctrines at the abstract doctrinal level. But Saran as a professional sociologist remained busy throughout his life in expounding and examining theories and ideologies, problems and problematic, conflicts and contradictions and norms, values and institutions of modern societies and welfarism. Saran took on the negative side of the task, that is, the critique of modernity as his vocation, whose unique logic-dialectical-philosophical method became his trademark. Through this article, I take an opportunity to make today’s academic world familiar with some of the significant contributions of Saran.
Rousseau, Bodin, and the Medieval Corporatist Origins of Popular Sovereignty
Authors: Edelstein Dan
Published: January 2021

This essay reconsiders Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s debt to Jean Bodin, on the basis of Daniel Lee’s recent revision of Bodin as a theorist of popular sovereignty. It argues that Rousseau took a key feature of his own theory of democratic sovereignty from Bodin—namely, the dual identity of political members as both citizens and subjects of the state. It further makes the case that this dual identity originates in medieval corporatist law, which Bodin was summarizing. Finally, it demonstrates the lasting impact of corporatist law in eighteenth-century France, highlighting Rousseau’s direct borrowings from the corporatist language and logic of contemporary commercial societies. In this regard, the article revisits and updates Otto von Gierke’s classic argument about the origins of the state in corporatist thought.
Integral barrier Lyapunov functions-based integrated guidance and control design for strap-down missile with field-of-view constraint
Authors: Zhao Bin , Feng Zhenxin , Guo Jianguo
Published: January 2021

The problem of the integrated guidance and control (IGC) design for strap-down missile with the field-of-view (FOV) constraint is solved by using the integral barrier Lyapunov function (iBLF) and the sliding mode control theory. Firstly, the nonlinear and uncertainty state equation with non-strict feedback form for IGC design is derived by using the strap-down decoupling strategy. Secondly, a novel adaptive finite time disturbance observer is proposed to estimate the uncertainties based on an improved adaptive gain super twisting algorithm. Thirdly, the special time-varying sliding variable is designed and the iBLF is employed to handle the problem of FOV constraint. Theoretical derivation and simulation show that the IGC system is globally uniformly ultimately bounded and the FOV angle constraint is also guaranteed not only during the reaching phase but also during the sliding mode phase.
MPA/MPP programmes and the future of work: Does MPA curriculum align with civil service requirements
Authors: O’Neill Michael A
Published: January 2021

In recent decades civil services worldwide have experienced exogenous forces that are transforming their work and workplace. In turn, these changes are altering the skills set associated with civil service employment. As professional degrees oriented towards careers in civil service these changes can have important ramifications on the curriculum. Focusing on member schools of the Canadian Association of Programmes in Public Administration (CAPPA) our research explores whether and how the postgraduate public administration and public policy programmes (MPA and MPP) curriculum has adapted to changes in the natural labour market for their graduates. Our threefold findings are that: A lack of alignment exists between the MPA/MPP currently taught and the requirements of civil services; a recognition by programme heads that some degree of curriculum alignment is indeed necessary; and that engagement between schools and civils services exists, but is typically informal and conducted through intermediary bodies. Our findings further highlight the necessity for civil services to engage with MPA and MPP programmes to ensure that future civil servants possess the skills relevant at a time of significant change in the nature of work.
Endometrial Sarcoma Metastasis to the Pterygopalatine Fossa: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Austell Paris J. , Levinson John S. , Plitt Max A. , Ghai Ritu , Gattuso Paolo , Rupcich Christine R. , Tajudeen Bobby A.
Published: January 2021

Metastatic skull base malignancies infrequently occur but, when present, typically arise from breast malignancies. Pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) metastasis of any malignancy is further seldom reported, and metastasis of gynecologic malignancies to the PPF has not been previously described in the literature. We present a single case of a 42-year-old female with the first likely case of high-grade endometrial sarcoma metastatic to the PPF. The patient presented with facial pain and numbness in the V2 distribution presented for evaluation. History was significant for several months of dysmenorrhea and metrorrhagia. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography imaging revealed a PPF mass with local extension and bony metastases. Endoscopic biopsy was performed, and final pathology was most consistent with metastatic high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma. This is the first reported case of likely metastatic endometrial sarcoma to the PPF. This case report highlights the possibility of rare distant metastasis of gynecologic malignancy to this area of the skull base.
A Functional Coupling of Brain and Behavior During Social Categorization of Faces
Authors: Volpert-Esmond Hannah I. , Bartholow Bruce D.
Published: January 2021

Considerable research has focused on how people derive information about others’ social category memberships from their faces. Theoretical models posit that early extraction of task-relevant information from a face should determine the efficiency with which that face is categorized, but evidence supporting this idea has been elusive. Here, we used a novel trial-level data analytic approach to examine the relationship between two event-related potential components—the P2, indexing early attention to category-relevant information, and the P3, indexing stimulus evaluation—and the speed of overt categorization judgments. As predicted, a larger face-elicited P2 on a particular trial was associated with faster overt race or gender categorization of that face. Moreover, this association was mediated by P3 latency, indicating that extraction of more category-relevant information early in processing facilitated stimulus evaluation. These findings support continuous flow models of information processing and the long-theorized functional significance of face-elicited neurophysiological responses for social categorization.
Foreign Direct Investment and Employment Growth in the States of Mexico: Competitiveness and Social Progress
Authors: Mendoza-Velázquez Alfonso , Rondero-Garcia Alejandro , Conde-Cortés Luis David
Published: January 2021

Employment growth is a desirable outcome of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and the economic performance of regions. However, the evidence available for Mexico is inconclusive. This study aims to contribute to the literature by assessing the dynamic relation between FDI and employment in the states of Mexico, and investigating the conditioning role of social progress, local public investment and competitiveness. We employ Impulse Response Functions and variance decomposition, derived from a Panel Vector Autoregressive (PVAR) model. The results provide evidence on the nexus between employment growth and the different types of FDI. We confirm the dynamic interrelation is, at best, weak.
Oncology Nurses’ Identified Educational Needs for Providing Palliative Care
Authors: Parajuli Jyotsana , Hupcey Judith
Published: January 2021

Oncology nurses are primary providers of care to persons with cancer (PWC) and play a crucial role in providing palliative care (PC) to this population. However, little is known about the educational needs of oncology nurses when providing PC to PWC. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively investigate oncology nurses’ educational needs in providing the eight domains of PC listed in the National Consensus Project for Quality Palliative Care (NCP) guidelines to PWC. A nationally representative sample of oncology nurses who are members of the Oncology Nursing Society responded to two open-ended questions. Results showed the majority of the 303 respondents defined the term “PC” as primarily being symptom management. Oncology nurses ( n = 246) expressed educational needs in all eight domains of PC. These nurses need additional education in the provision of PC in order to deliver holistic, person-centered care to PWC.
Does Facilitated and Early Access to the Healthcare System Improve Refugees’ Health Outcomes? Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Germany
Authors: Jaschke Philipp , Kosyakova Yuliya
Published: January 2021

Because of their often-dramatic, life-threatening flight patterns and resulting pronounced health disparities, many refugees have a great need for medical treatment after arrival to their host countries. In Germany, refugees whose asylum application is not approved or whose duration of stay has not yet exceeded 15 months must request doctor visits, with a considerable amount of bureaucracy, from the local responsible authority. Since 2016, however, several federal states and municipalities in Germany have introduced electronic health cards ( eHCs) which give refugees immediate and unbureaucratic access to the healthcare system. We examine whether being eligible for eHCs because of this policy change had an effect on multidimensional health indicators for refugees in Germany. For empirical identification, we take advantage of variation in policy adoption across German regions and over time. Relying on the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees, we find that being eligible for eHCs because of the policy change improved the mental well-being and subjective health assessment of recently arrived refugees, while having no impact on physical health status. These results can be traced back to the moderating effect of facilitated healthcare access on post-migration stress, which is known to affect primarily psychological well-being. Moreover, facilitated healthcare access appears to alleviate potential language and cultural barriers faced by refugees with low health literacy (measured by the ability to read or write in the origin-country language). Altogether, the article illustrates how structural and institutional constraints may shape individual health outcomes of adult refugees.
The creation and validation of a Jazz Theory Measure: Implications for improvisation education
Authors: Russell Brian E , Ciorba Charles R
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to create and validate a measure for jazz theory knowledge assessment. The Jazz Theory Measure (JTM) was created by exploring publications on jazz improvisation instruction and research studies that utilized jazz theory as a significant aspect of the study (i.e., dependent variable, independent variable, data collection). Latent jazz theory components (i.e., Key Knowledge, Scale Knowledge, and Chord Knowledge) were identified from an exploration of the literature and each was paired with several subtests. Items representing the JTM ( N = 60) demonstrate significant representation of the jazz theory components through alpha reliability (.98), and confirmatory factor analysis (standardized root mean square residual [SRMR] = .0327, comparative fit index [CFI] = .930, Tucker–Lewis index [TLI] = .907) providing support for the JTM as a valid and reliable measure of jazz theory knowledge. Further analysis suggests that music educators providing instruction in jazz improvisation should focus on building a foundation of jazz theory in the first 5 years of jazz instruction.
Indifferent and Eurosceptic: The motivations of EU-only abstainers in the 2019 European Parliament election
Authors: Schäfer Constantin
Published: January 2021

Despite the dramatic voter turnout increase in 2019, the participation level in European Parliament elections is still considerably lower than in national elections. How can we explain this persistent ‘Euro gap’? This article analyses the motivations of citizens who participate in national but not in European electoral contests, the so-called ‘EU-only abstainers’. The empirical analysis based on the EES 2019 voter study reveals that EU-only abstention is driven by low levels of general political interest and EU-specific political sophistication, as well as by distrust towards EU institutions. Therefore, the Euro gap results from the widespread perception that there is ‘less at stake’ during EP elections, but it is also an aggregate-level consequence of individual Eurosceptic attitudes. These findings have important implications for our understanding of present-day European elections and the debate between the two most common theoretical approaches in EP election research.