bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization Operation Strategy for Comprehensive Energy System Considering Multi-Mode Hydrogen Transportation
Authors: Liu Qingming , Zhou Zhengkun , Chen Jingyan , Zheng Dan , Zou Hongbo
Published: December 2024

The transformation from a fossil fuel economy to a low-carbon economy has reshaped the way energy is transmitted. As most renewable energy is obtained in the form of electricity, using green electricity to produce hydrogen is considered a promising energy carrier. However, most studies have not considered the transportation mode of hydrogen. In order to encourage the utilization of renewable energy and hydrogen, this paper proposes a comprehensive energy system optimization operation strategy considering multi-mode hydrogen transport. Firstly, to address the shortcomings in the optimization operation of existing systems regarding hydrogen transport, modeling is conducted for multi-mode hydrogen transportation through hydrogen tube trailers and pipelines. This model reflects the impact of multi-mode hydrogen delivery channels on hydrogen utilization, which helps promote the consumption of new energy in electrolysis cells to meet application demands. Based on this, the constraints of electrolyzers, combined heat and power units, hydrogen fuel cells, and energy storage systems in integrated energy systems (IESs) are further considered. With the objective of minimizing the daily operational cost of the comprehensive energy system, an optimization model for the operation considering multi-mode hydrogen transport is constructed. Lastly, based on simulation examples, the impact of multi-mode hydrogen transportation on the operational cost of the system is analyzed in detail. The results indicate that the proposed optimization strategy can reduce the operational cost of the comprehensive energy system. Hydrogen tube trailers and pipelines will have a significant impact on operational costs. Properly allocating the quantity of hydrogen tube trailers and pipelines is beneficial for reducing the operational costs of the system. Reasonable arrangement of hydrogen transportation channels is conducive to further promoting the green and economic operation of the system.
The Role of Wind Turbine Siting in Achieving Sustainable Energy Goals
Authors: Duranay Zeynep Bala , Güldemir Hanifi , Coşkun Bilal
Published: December 2024

As global energy demands rise, there is an increasing need to transition from fossil fuels, which contribute to environmental harm and have limited reserves, to more sustainable and renewable energy sources. This shift is vital for both protecting the environment and ensuring long-term energy security. Renewable energy, such as wind power, plays a significant role in mitigating climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions while also being environmentally harmonious. Wind energy, in particular, is gaining importance as a clean, renewable source of power, with wind turbines serving as key components of this transformation. The success of wind energy projects depends largely on proper site selection. Factors such as wind potential, the topographical structure, environmental sensitivity, and legal considerations must all be carefully analyzed to ensure maximum performance and minimal environmental impact. The site selection process is crucial in optimizing energy production while promoting sustainability. Effective micro-siting strategies, which focus on the specific placement of turbines within a site, are also essential for improving energy efficiency and minimizing environmental disruption. This study highlights the importance of careful site analysis to ensure the successful and sustainable implementation of wind energy projects.
An Economic Analysis of Metal-on-Metal Versus Ceramic-on-Ceramic Hip Resurfacing: Costs and Clinical Implications
Authors: Orfanos Georgios , Wainwright Thomas W. , Middleton Robert G.
Published: December 2024

Background: Ceramic may be an alternative bearing surface that could be used to deal with the negative sequalae associated with the use of metal-on-metal (MoM) hip resurfacing implants, keeping the benefits of hip resurfacing without the risks. The aim of this study is to evaluate the additional financial and logistical implications that MoM hip resurfacing has, in comparison to its ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) counterpart. Methods: Two different follow up protocols were analysed, according to current practice guidance, on how to follow up with hip resurfacing procedures. Reference costs were identified using the latest national cost collection data and data from the local biochemistry department. The results incorporated the number of hip resurfacings performed nationally. Results: The non-MoM protocol yielded a per operation lifetime follow up cost of £802.50, whereas the MoM protocol yielded a cost of £2132.83 at 25 years. Nationally, according to the 2023 data, this amounted to £561,750 versus £1,492,981 per year, respectively. MoM hip resurfacing is 2.6 times more expensive to be followed up with when compared to the standard protocol. Conclusion: The cost of the follow up of MoM bearings far exceeds that of non-MoM bearings. If CoC hip resurfacing is as clinically effective as MoM hip resurfacing, then the economics favour CoC bearing for resurfacing.
Effectiveness of a New Microprocessor-Controlled Knee–Ankle–Foot System for Transfemoral Amputees: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Requena Christelle , Bascou Joseph , Loiret Isabelle , Bonnet Xavier , Thomas-Pohl Marie , Duraffourg Clément , Calistri Laurine , Pillet Hélène
Published: December 2024

Background: Advances in prosthetic technology, especially microprocessor-controlled knees (MPKs), have helped enhance gait symmetry and reduce fall risks for individuals who have undergone transfemoral amputation. However, challenges remain in walking in constrained situations due to the limitations of passive prosthetic feet, lacking ankle mobility. This study investigates the benefits of SYNSYS®, a new microprocessor-controlled knee–ankle–foot system (MPKA_NEW), designed to synergize knee and ankle movements. Methods: A randomized crossover trial was conducted on 12 male participants who had undergone transfemoral amputation who tested both the MPKA_NEW and their usual MPK prosthesis. Biomechanical parameters were evaluated using quantitative gait analysis in various walking conditions. Participants also completed self-reported questionnaires on their quality of life, locomotor abilities, and prosthesis satisfaction. Results: The MPKA_NEW showed a significant reduction in the risk of slipping and tripping compared to standard MPK prostheses, as evidenced by increased flat-foot time and minimum toe clearance during gait analysis. The MPKA_NEW also improved physical component scores in quality-of-life assessments (Short-Form 36 General Health Questionnaire), suggesting enhanced stability and reduced cognitive load during walking. Conclusions: The MPKA_NEW offers significant improvements in gait safety and quality of life for people who have undergone TFA, particularly in challenging conditions. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term benefits and adaptability across diverse amputee populations.
Religious Diversity in Lombok: Peaceful Coexistence or Minorities at Risk?
Authors: Budiwanti Erni , Eidhamar Levi Geir
Published: December 2024

Ethnic Sasak Sunni Muslims make up the overwhelming majority on the Indonesian island of Lombok. Balinese Hindus, who have cultural similarities with the Muslim Sasaks, make up 3%. They have a long history on the island. In 1960, a small group of Ahmadi Muslims settled in Lombok. The article explains how the Sunni majority has related to the two minority groups—seen in the light of the Indonesian national motto “Unity in diversity”. Sunnis act differently in these matters. The cordial relationship between many Sunnis and Balinese Hindus, exemplified by the common joint rituals, is contrasted with the Sunnis’ rejection of the members of the Ahmadiyya movement. The object of analysis is how to understand and explain the varying kinds of relationships among the relevant groups. The analysis is methodologically based on historical, cultural, psychological, and sociological perspectives and theories. Why do Sasak Sunnis in Lombok have more negative feelings toward the Ahmadis compared to the Hindus, even though the dogmatic differences are greater regarding the Hindus? The article also discusses possible ways of mitigating the conflicts.
Unified Detection and Feature Extraction of Ships in Satellite Images
Authors: Sørensen Kristian Aalling , Heiselberg Peder , Heiselberg Henning
Published: December 2024

The increasing importance of maritime surveillance, particularly in monitoring dark ships, highlights the need for advanced detection models that go beyond simple ship localisation. Current approaches largely focus on either detection or feature extraction, leaving a gap in unified methods capable of providing detailed ship characteristics. This study addresses this gap by developing a unified model for ship detection and characterisation from Synthetic Aperture Radar images, estimating features such as true length, true breadth, and heading. The model is designed to detect ships of varying sizes while simultaneously estimating their characteristics, and experimental results show a high detection accuracy, with a recall of 87.7% and an F1-score of 93.5%. The model also effectively estimates ship dimensions, with mean errors of 1.4 ± 16.2 m for length and 1.5 ± 4.5 m for breadth. Estimating the heading proved challenging for smaller ships, but was accurate for larger ships. A total of 50% of the heading estimates were within 15 degrees of error. This unified approach offers practical benefits for maritime operations. It is especially useful in situations where both ship detection and detailed information are needed, such as predicting future ship positions or identifying ships.
A Rice Leaf Area Index Monitoring Method Based on the Fusion of Data from RGB Camera and Multi-Spectral Camera on an Inspection Robot
Authors: Li Yan , Qi Xuerui , Cai Yucheng , Tian Yongchao , Zhu Yan , Cao Weixing , Zhang Xiaohu
Published: December 2024

Automated monitoring of the rice leaf area index (LAI) using near-ground sensing platforms, such as inspection robots, is essential for modern rice precision management. These robots are equipped with various complementary sensors, where specific sensor capabilities partially overlap to provide redundancy and enhanced reliability. Thus, leveraging multi-sensor fusion technology to improve the accuracy of LAI monitoring has become a crucial research focus. This study presents a rice LAI monitoring model based on the fused data from RGB and multi-spectral cameras with an ensemble learning algorithm. The results indicate that the estimation accuracy of the rice LAI monitoring model is effectively improved by fusing the vegetation index and textures from RGB and multi-spectral sensors. The model based on the LightGBM regression algorithm has the most improvement in accuracy, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.892, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.270, and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.160. Furthermore, the accuracy of LAI estimation in the jointing stage is higher than in the heading stage. At the jointing stage, both LightGBM based on optimal RGB image features and Random Forest based on fused features achieved an R2 of 0.95. This study provides a technical reference for automatically monitoring rice growth parameters in the field using inspection robots.
Identification Method for Railway Rail Corrugation Utilizing CEEMDAN-PE-SPWVD
Authors: Liu Jianhua , Zhang Kexin , Wang Zhongmei
Published: December 2024

Rail corrugation intensifies wheel–rail vibrations, often leading to damage in vehicle–track system components within affected sections. This paper proposes a novel method for identifying rail corrugation, which combines Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN), permutation entropy (PE), and Smoothed Pseudo Wigner–Ville Distribution (SPWVD). Initially, vertical acceleration data from the axle box are decomposed using CEEMDAN to extract intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) with distinct frequencies. PE is used to evaluate the randomness of each IMF component, discarding those with high permutation entropy values. Subsequently, correlation analysis is performed on the retained IMFs to identify the component most strongly correlated with the original signal. The selected component is subjected to SPWVD time–frequency analysis to identify the location and wavelength of the corrugation occurrence. Filtering is applied to the IMF based on the frequency concentration observed in the time–frequency analysis results. Then, frequency–domain integration is performed to estimate the rail’s corrugation depth. Finally, the algorithm is validated and analyzed using both simulated data and measured data. Validation results show that this approach reliably identifies the wavelength and depth characteristics of rail corrugation. Additionally, the time–frequency analysis results reveal variations in the severity of corrugation damage at different locations.
Error Separation Method for Geometric Distribution Error Modeling of Precision Machining Surfaces Based on K-Space Spectrum
Authors: Sheng Zhichao , Xiong Jian , Zhang Zhijing , Su Taiyu , Zhang Min , Saren Qimuge , Chen Xiao
Published: December 2024

The geometric error distributed on components’ contact surfaces is a critical factor affecting assembly accuracy and precision instrument stability. Effective error separation methods can improve model accuracy, thereby aiding in performance prediction and process optimization. Here, an error separation method for geometric distribution error modeling for precision machining surfaces based on the K-space spectrum is proposed. To determine the boundary of systematical error and random error, we used a cruciform boundary line method based on the K-space spectrum, achieving the optimal separation of the two with frequency difference. The effectiveness of the method was experimentally verified using two sets of machined surfaces. By comparing with current common random error filtering methods, the outstanding role of the proposed error separation method in separating random error and preserving processing features has been verified.
Conceptualising the Learning of General Upper Secondary Students at Work
Authors: Loogma Krista , Peterson Birgit , Aasa Maret
Published: December 2024

The share of general upper secondary students working or having acquired work experience in an authentic work environment in parallel with learning in formal educational settings is expanding. It is therefore important to understand how learning in an authentic work environment and the interrelationships between work and school learning support the development of students. The main aim of this study is to understand and conceptualise the early work experience of students studying at general upper secondary schools. This study applies a phenomenological approach by conducting semi-structured interviews with students who have had work experience in authentic work environments. The main results of this study show that the variety of meaningful skills and competences developed in the work environment is rather great. Mostly, generic competences are learned at work. The incorporation of elements from one practice into the other (work to school or school to work) also occurs. Knowledge learned at school in traditional subjects and in elective courses is applied at work in a few cases. The positive impact of work experience on school studies, however, was reported—better time planning, increased motivation to learn, and increased career awareness.
Evaluation of Spatial Distribution of Crystallinity Induced by Local Heating Using Low-Frequency Raman Spectroscopy on Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK)
Authors: Numata Tomoko , Ishikawa Naomoto , Shimada Toshihiro , Gordon Keith C. , Yamaguchi Makoto
Published: December 2024

Local heating was performed on a thermoplastic polymer film by contact with the tip of a soldering iron heated above the glass-transition temperature. The locally heated area was measured using microscopic Raman scattering spectroscopy, and the spatial distribution of the crystallinity was obtained from the low-frequency peak. The crystallinity distribution can be evaluated using the microscale spatial resolution. The temperature distribution around the locally heated area was calculated by applying the heat conduction equation, and good correspondence was obtained with the obtained crystallinity.
Subregions of the Rotator Cuff Muscles Present Distinct Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Function
Authors: Cavanaugh Emma , Arcot Santillan Atenas , Hoshikawa Kyosuke , Giambini Hugo
Published: December 2024

Shoulder and elbow injuries are prevalent among baseball players, particularly pitchers, who experience repetitive eccentric loading of the shoulder, leading to muscle damage and increased injury risk. Nearly 40% of shoulder injuries in baseball occur in pitchers, with many facing low rates of return to sport. The rotator cuff (RC) muscles—supraspinatus (SSP), infraspinatus (ISP), subscapularis (SSC), and teres minor (TMin)—are crucial for shoulder stability, movement, and force generation, particularly in overhead sports. Each RC muscle comprises subregions with distinct biomechanical properties, such as strength, moment arm behavior, and activation patterns. These differences allow for a finely tuned balance between joint stability and mobility. For example, the superior subregion of the ISP significantly contributes to external rotation, a function critical in sports like baseball that require precision and power. During pitching, the SSP, ISP, and SSC stabilize the glenohumeral joint through high activation during explosive phases, such as stride, arm cocking, and arm acceleration. Understanding these functional subregional differences is vital for diagnosing and managing shoulder pathologies like RC tears. Despite advancements, clinicians face challenges in predicting re-injury risks and determining return-to-play readiness for athletes with shoulder injuries. Integrating insights into subregional biomechanics with patient care could enhance outcomes. Tailored interventions—whether surgical or rehabilitative—targeting specific subregions could improve recovery times, reduce re-injury risks, and enable more personalized treatment plans. Such approaches are especially beneficial for athletes, older individuals, and those prone to RC injuries, promoting better long-term shoulder health and performance. The present work aims to highlight some of the research on these subregions and their differences, providing insights to enhance treatment approaches for shoulder injuries.
An Overview of Digital Transformation and Environmental Sustainability: Threats, Opportunities, and Solutions
Authors: Goel Apurva , Masurkar Snehal , Pathade Girish R.
Published: December 2024

Digital transformation, powered by technologies like AI, IoT, and big data, is reshaping industries and societies at an unprecedented pace. While these innovations promise smarter energy management, precision agriculture, and efficient resource utilization, they also introduce serious environmental challenges. This paper examines the dual impact of digital technologies, highlighting key threats such as rising energy consumption, growing e-waste, and the increased extraction of raw materials. By synthesizing the existing literature, this study highlights mitigation strategies that include adopting energy-efficient practices, integrating renewable energy, and implementing circular economy principles. It emphasizes the need for a balanced approach—making the most of technological advances while protecting the environment. By identifying gaps in the current research, this paper also suggests future areas to explore to ensure that digital progress does not come at the expense of our planet. This review advocates for an integrated strategy to achieve sustainable digital growth aligned with global climate goals.
Backcasting for Youths: Hypothetical and Critical Thinking in the Context of Sustainable Development Education
Authors: Matos Sónia , Arroz Ana Moura , Martins Bruna , Amorim Isabel R. , Gabriel Rosalina
Published: December 2024

The growing interest in innovative pedagogies within education for sustainable development (ESD) calls for a renewed set of pedagogical practices. In responding to this challenge, this article draws on backcasting, a future studies method, to support education for ESD competencies among youths. It presents the design, trial, and results of one intervention designed to test the method in the context of secondary education, employing design thinking as an overarching methodology. Using a qualitative descriptive-interpretative approach with a thematic analysis to examine empirical data obtained from participants’ perspectives, we present their future visions, how much they were involved in the intervention, what they liked the most and the least, their perceived purpose, ease and adequacy in duration. Our findings show that youths embrace active methodologies such as backcasting. Since the method was new to them, participants experienced difficulties when logically chaining the steps necessary to achieve a desired future from the present state. Nonetheless, the skills underpinning backcasting are relevant to sustainable development, as they involve considering our actions regarding medium- and long-term impacts. In the end, we propose backcasting as a poignant method in the context of secondary education that can promote the development of hypothetical and critical thinking skills central to ESD competencies. While offering a theoretical discussion, a workshop protocol, and future directions for pedagogical practice and investigation, our results apply to researchers, sustainability education professionals, and teachers alike.
Accounting Contribution to Sustainable Development
Authors: Jankalová Miriam , Jankal Radoslav
Published: December 2024

The initial studies that connected accounting and sustainability concentrated on the shortcomings of traditional accounting as well as the boundaries of the underlying accounting philosophy, which typically emphasizes monetary, quantitative measures of corporate economic activity. Some authors believe that accounting has sought to respond to sustainable development in a variety of ways. This raises the question of the relationship between accounting and sustainability and the role of accounting in sustainability. The aim of the paper is to identify different ways of linking accounting with sustainability and to determine the contribution of the accounting profession to sustainable development. This study is based on information that was gathered through an extensive literature review (research publications and research studies [documents]) using internet and research databases and the authors’ own experience. Methods of analysis, comparison, selection, abstraction, induction, deduction, determination, and statistics were used. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis. The identified correlation between “accountant” and sustainability, reporting, sustainable development, and responsibility highlights the importance of the accounting profession in promoting sustainability and fostering responsible practices. Also, a correlation between accountants and artificial intelligence was identified.
Data Collection and Elaboration of Guidelines for Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Management in Brazilian Private Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Borges Roberto Miranda , Zagui Guilherme Sgobbi , Bortoletto-Santos Ricardo , Ismail Isadora Alves Lovo , Souza Marcelo Tramontin , Simão Lisandro , Carita Edilson Carlos
Published: December 2024

Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) has been a significant concern for governments, ecologists, and the Ministry of the Environment. Studies show a growing increase in the generation of WEEE in Brazil and around the world. In a 2024 report by The Global E-Waste Monitor, Brazil was identified as the largest generator of WEEE in South America, ranking second in the Americas, only behind the United States. Given this scenario, sustainability practices and actions are necessary to minimize the incorrect disposal of WEEE. Considering the need to provide innovative tools to support the teaching–learning process, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) invest heavily in technology acquisition and, as a result, are increasingly concerned about equipment disposal when it no longer meets its purchased needs. This study aims to develop guidelines for implementing WEEE management policies to guide the correct disposal of these materials in HEIs. This study made it possible to visualize how important technology is for business continuity and highlight employees’ ecological awareness when disposing of unserviceable electronic equipment. The results of this study made it possible to present comparative data on the generation of WEEE, which served as a basis for drawing up guidelines to support HEIs in improving WEEE management and emphasized the importance of environmental awareness and responsibility.
Wind Energy Siting Optimization in Fujian Province, China
Authors: Bimenyimana Samuel , Wang Chen , Asemota Godwin Norense Osarumwense , Uwizerwa Jean Marie Vianney , Ihirwe Jeanne Paula , Tuyizere Mucyo Ndera , Mwizerwa Fidele , Mo Yiyi , Abiyese Martine , Ishimwe Homère , Ishimwe Ange Melissa
Published: December 2024

The geographical distribution and scientific evaluation of wind energy potential are crucial for regional energy planning. Wind energy is a renewable energy that can mitigate climate change. Several open-access World Bank databases and the ESRI (Environmental Systems Research Institute) Global were used to gather and process data through wind energy siting optimization in Fujian Province. This paper uses the fuzzy quantifiers of the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach in arc geographic information system (ArcGIS Pro) and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to handle the associated wind data uncertainties to obtain wind energy technology siting optimization for nine cities in Fujian Province. The converted database options and characteristics used the weighted overlay tool (WOT) to reflect the importance of wind farm project objectives. The sensitivity analysis tested the robustness and resilience of the integrated MCDM design for feasibility or viability. The results revealed that 21.743% of the area of Longyan City is suitable for siting wind energy. Other cities’ suitable areas comprise 14.117%, 12.800%, 5.250%, 4.621%, 4.020%, 4.020%, 3.430%, and 2.300%, respectively (Sanming, Ningde, Quanzhou, Putian, Zhangzhou, Nanping, Xiamen, and Fuzhou cities). Furthermore, a considerable amount of wind power is needed to supply the current primary energy deficit (60.0–84.0%) and satisfy the carbon emission reduction target. Wind farm installation in Fujian province is an opportunity to provide inexhaustible energy, generally affected by generation volume and operational span. Wind power is highly acceptable to local Chinese. Reasonably high understanding and excitement for wind farm investments exist among local authorities. Future research should consider wind data of the identified onshore optimization sites and design wind farms for the respective output power for pessimistic, average, and optimistic scenarios for possible wind farm development. Similarly, the long shoreline of about 1680.0 miles (or 2700.0 km) is a considerable source of offshore wind power prospecting, future research, and energy exploitation and harvesting opportunities.
Comparison of Surgical Techniques in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Refractory Epilepsy: Efficacy and Cognitive Outcomes
Authors: Cano-Villagrasa Alejandro , López-Zamora Miguel , Porcar-Gozalbo Nadia , López-Chicheri-García Isabel
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Refractory epilepsy is common in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), significantly affecting their cognitive development and quality of life. Surgical interventions provide a therapeutic option, but it remains unclear which technique offers the best outcomes for this population. Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of four surgical techniques—lesionectomy, temporal lobectomy, extratemporal cortical resection, and functional hemispherectomy—in children with refractory epilepsy, both with and without ASD, and evaluate their impact on cognitive and behavioral development and quality of life. Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted with 120 children diagnosed with refractory epilepsy, equally divided between those with and without ASD. Patients were assigned to one of four surgical groups (n = 15 per group) based on the intervention performed. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as one-year postoperative outcomes—including seizure control (Engel classification), intelligence quotient (WISC-V), adaptive behavior (Vineland-II), and quality of life (PedsQL)—were collected. Statistical analyses were applied to compare the results among groups, and logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of seizure freedom. Results: Lesionectomy and temporal lobectomy groups showed significantly higher rates of seizure freedom (80% and 73%, respectively) compared to extratemporal resection (60%) and functional hemispherectomy (67%). These groups also presented significant improvements in intelligence quotient, adaptive behavior, quality of life, and reductions in ASD symptoms (p < 0.01). Perioperative complications were notably lower in the lesionectomy and temporal lobectomy groups (7%) compared to extratemporal resection and functional hemispherectomy (40%; p = 0.007). Significant predictors of seizure freedom included the presence of structural anomalies on neuroimaging and a shorter duration of epilepsy before surgery (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Lesionectomy and temporal lobectomy are highly effective and safer surgical techniques for managing refractory epilepsy in children with ASD, providing significant benefits in seizure control, cognitive development, and quality of life. Importantly, the outcomes observed are not exclusive to children with ASD but likely reflect broader efficacy across pediatric epilepsy populations. The early identification of surgical candidates and comprehensive preoperative evaluations are essential for optimizing outcomes, emphasizing the importance of individualized treatment planning and further comparative research to validate these findings.
Step-Wise Parameter Adaptive FMD Incorporating Clustering Algorithm in Rolling Bearing Compound Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Xu Shuai , Zhang Chao , Zhang Jing , Liu Guiyi , Wu Yangbiao , Ouyang Bing
Published: December 2024

Ideally, the vibration signal of a rolling bearing should be symmetrical. However, in practical operation, the vibration signals in both time and frequency domains often exhibit asymmetry due to factors such as load, speed, and wear. The relatively weak composite fault characteristics are easily masked. Although the Feature Modal Decomposition (FMD) method is outstanding in diagnosing composite faults in bearings, its effectiveness is easily constrained by parameter selection. To address this, this paper proposes a stepwise parameter adaptive FMD method combined with a clustering algorithm, specifically designed for diagnosing composite faults in rolling bearings. Firstly, this study employs the Density Peak Clustering algorithm to determine the number of modes n in the composite fault vibration signal. Subsequently, considering the signal spectral energy and modal characteristics, a new composite fault index is formulated, namely, the adaptive weighted frequency domain kurtosis-to-information entropy ratio, as the fitness function. The Whale Optimization Algorithm determines the filter length L and the number of segments K, thereby achieving step-wise signal decomposition. Through in-depth analysis of signal symmetry and asymmetry, simulation and experimental verification confirm the effectiveness of this method. Compared with four other index-optimized FMD methods and traditional techniques, this method significantly reduces the influence of parameters on FMD, is capable of separating the characteristic frequencies related to composite faults, and performs excellently in the diagnosis of composite faults in rolling bearings.
Online Trajectory Optimization of an ASV Based on an Improved RBFNN
Authors: Yan Suyu , Ming Chao
Published: December 2024

Optimization based on conventional neural networks can only guarantee calculation speed. However, the accuracy of network prediction is also a key index in online trajectory optimization. This paper proposes a novel online trajectory optimization approach based on an Improved Radial Basis Function Neural Network (IRBFNN). First, multiple optimal trajectories for different variations of Air-Breathing Supersonic Vehicles (ASVs) are generated, considering attitude, and collected as the dataset. Then, an IRBFNN is trained to predict trajectories online with the above dataset, in which an enhanced loss function is introduced to improve prediction accuracy. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and superiority of the proposed online trajectory optimization method. The open-source code of the proposed method is shared in the form of a link to showcase its implementation.
Rice Straw-Derived Biochar Mitigates Microcystin-LR-Induced Hepatic Histopathological Injury and Oxidative Damage in Male Zebrafish via the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Lin Wang , Hu Fen , Zou Wansheng , Wang Suqin , Shi Pengling , Li Li , Yang Jifeng , Yang Pinhong
Published: December 2024

Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) poses a serious threat to aquatic animals during cyanobacterial blooms. Recently, biochar (BC), derived from rice straw, has emerged as a potent adsorbent for eliminating hazardous contaminants from water. To assess the joint hepatotoxic effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of MC-LR and BC on fish, male adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) were sub-chronically co-exposed to varying concentrations of MC-LR (0, 1, 5, and 25 μg/L) and BC (0 and 100 μg/L) in a fully factorial experiment. After 30 days exposure, our findings suggested that the existence of BC significantly decreased MC-LR bioavailability in liver. Furthermore, histopathological analysis revealed that BC mitigated MC-LR-induced hepatic lesions, which were characterized by mild damage, such as vacuolization, pyknotic nuclei, and swollen mitochondria. Compared to the groups exposed solely to MC-LR, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were noticed in the mixture groups. Concurrently, significant changes in the mRNA expression levels of Nrf2 pathway genes (cat, sod1, gstr, keap1a, nrf2a, and gclc) further proved that BC reduces the oxidative damage induced by MC-LR. These findings demonstrate that BC decreases MC-LR bioavailability in the liver, thereby alleviating MC-LR-induced hepatotoxicity through the Nrf2 signaling pathway in zebrafish. Our results also imply that BC could serve as a potentially environmentally friendly material for mitigating the detrimental effects of MC-LR on fish.
Vaccination with a Replication-Dead Murine Gammaherpesvirus Lacking Viral Pathogenesis Genes Inhibits WT Virus Infection
Authors: Mitra Dipanwita , Oldenburg Darby G. , Forrest J. Craig , Krug Laurie T.
Published: December 2024

Gammaherpesviruses are oncogenic pathogens that establish lifelong infections. There are no FDA-approved vaccines against Epstein–Barr virus or Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus. Murine gammaherpesvirus-68 (MHV68) infection of mice provides a system for investigating gammaherpesvirus pathogenesis and testing vaccine strategies. Prime-boost vaccination with a replication-dead virus (RDV) that does not express the essential replication and transactivator protein (RTA) encoded by ORF50 (RDV-50.stop) protected against WT virus replication and reduced latency in C57BL/6 mice, and prevented lethal disease in Ifnar1−/− mice. To further improve the RDV vaccine and more closely model KSHV vaccine design, we generated an RDV lacking the unique M1-M4 genes and the non-coding tRNA-miRNA-encoded RNAs (TMERs) 6, 7, and 8 that collectively promote latency of MHV68 in vivo. Prime-boost vaccination of mice with RDV-50.stop∆M1-M4 elicited neutralizing antibodies and virus-specific CD8 T-cell responses in the lungs and spleens, the respective sites of acute replication and latency, that were comparable to RDV-50.stop vaccination. When challenged with WT MHV68, vaccinated mice exhibited a near-complete block of lytic replication and a reduction in latency and reactivation. We conclude that the unique M1-M4 genes and TMERs 6, 7, and 8, which are major determinants of WT MHV68 pathogenesis, are not required for eliciting protective immunity.
MARCH8 Restricts RSV Replication by Promoting Cellular Apoptosis Through Ubiquitin-Mediated Proteolysis of Viral SH Protein
Authors: Okura Takashi , Takahashi Tatsuki , Kameya Taichi , Mizukoshi Fuminori , Nakai Yusuke , Kakizaki Masatoshi , Nishi Mayuko , Otsuki Noriyuki , Kimura Hirokazu , Miyakawa Kei , Shirato Kazuya , Kamitani Wataru , Ryo Akihide
Published: December 2024

Numerous host factors function as intrinsic antiviral effectors to attenuate viral replication. MARCH8 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that has been identified as a host restriction factor that inhibits the replication of various viruses. This study elucidated the mechanism by which MARCH8 restricts respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) replication through selective degradation of the viral small hydrophobic (SH) protein. We demonstrated that MARCH8 directly interacts with RSV-SH and catalyzes its ubiquitination at lysine 13, leading to SH degradation via the ubiquitin-lysosomal pathway. Functionally, MARCH8 expression enhances RSV-induced apoptosis through SH degradation, ultimately reducing viral titers. Conversely, an RSV strain harboring the SH-K13R mutation exhibited prolonged SH protein stability and attenuated apoptosis in infected cells, even in the presence of MARCH8. Targeted depletion of MARCH8 enhances cellular survival and potentially increases viral persistence. These findings demonstrate that MARCH8 promotes the early elimination of virus-infected cells by abrogating the anti-apoptotic function of SH, thereby reducing viral transmission. Our study provides novel insights into the interplay between host restriction factors and viral evasion strategies, potentially providing new therapeutic approaches for RSV infections.
Special Issue: Challenges and Future Trends of COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Mirza Imran
Published: December 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, over 13 [...]
Evaluation of Serum Lipids, Biochemical Parameters, Selected Antioxidant Elements and Oxidative Stress Profiles in Late Pregnant Jennies with Hyperlipemia
Authors: Meng Qingze , Shao Yang , Li Wei , Lu Jia , Wang Xinyue , Deng Liang
Published: December 2024

Donkeys are particularly at risk of hyperlipemia. Hyperlipemia is a metabolic disease caused by the mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue, which often impacts pregnant and lactating jennies (female donkeys) during periods of negative energy balance. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of lipids, biochemical parameters, selected antioxidant elements and oxidative stress parameters in late pregnant jennies affected by hyperlipemia. Compared with the healthy jennies, the hyperlipemic animals exhibited significantly elevated levels of triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (T-CHO) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.05), coupled with reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and albumin (ALB) (p < 0.05). The serum levels of biochemical parameters related to liver function, such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and cholinesterase (CHE), showed a significant increase in the hyperlipemia group compared to the healthy group (p < 0.05). The serum level of selenium was significantly lower (p < 0.05) and positively correlated with TGs (r = 0.85) and ALB (r = 0.73) in the hyperlipemia group. The hyperlipemic jennies showed diminished serum levels of antioxidant capacity and increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). The area under the curve values for T-CHO, ALB, AKP, CHE, total superoxide dismutase, glutathione and MDA were relatively high. Thus, our findings reflect metabolic disorders, liver dysfunction and oxidative stress in late pregnant hyperlipemic jennies, providing a basis for the improvement of clinical diagnostic methods and early prevention and control of hyperlipemia in jennies.
Minimum Night Flow Estimation in District Metered Areas
Authors: Tricarico Carla , Cappello Cristian , de Marinis Giovanni , Leopardi Angelo
Published: December 2024

The residential minimum water demand characterisation is of fundamental importance for water distribution system management. During the minimum consumption, indeed, maximum pressures are on network pipes, and at the same time, tank levels rise. The water consumption analysis during the period of low demand and high pressure is thus of great interest for leakage estimation due to the increase in water loss with pressure. In order to contribute to the study of and forecast the daily minimum residential water demand, some probability distributions were tested by means of statistical inferences on a data set collected from different District Metering Areas (DMAs), showing that the stochastic minimum flow demand is defined by the Log-Normal (LN), Gumbel (Gu) and Log-Logistic (LL) distributions, as an extreme minimum value. With reference to the analysed DMAs, the parameters of such statistical distributions were estimated and the relationships are provided as a function only of the supplied users for different DMAs. The data were analysed with 1 h intervals of discretisation, with the aim of providing a useful guide to water utilities, which usually manage water distribution system data with such a resolution time. Indeed, once the minimum residential flow consumption at a 1 h interval was estimated as a function of the user number, by subtracting it to the inflow measured, it is possible to estimate the leakages rate at the DMA.
Study on Soil and Water Loss on Slope Surface and Slope Stability Under Rainfall Conditions
Authors: Hou Fengzhan , Ni Zhenqiang , Wang Shihao , Sun Hangeng , Zhao Fengxiao , Zhong Wei , Zhang Yongsheng
Published: December 2024

For a binary structure slope with a soil layer on the top and a rock layer on the bottom, during the rainfall process, surface runoff will cause soil and water loss on the slope surface and damage to the slope environment. When rainwater infiltrates into the slope, the pore water pressure in the soil gradually increases, the shear strength of the soil decreases, and a weak zone is formed at the soil–rock interface, which has a significant impact on the stability of the slope. Therefore, to study the soil and water loss on the slope surface and the stability of the slope under rainfall conditions, we used theoretical analysis, indoor model tests, and numerical simulations to conduct a comprehensive exploration of this issue, and the following conclusions were formed: the pore water pressure in the shallow layer is greater than that in the deep layer, and the pore water pressure at the toe of the slope is greater than that at the top of the slope; as the slope gradient increases, the time when the pore water pressure at the toe of the slope begins to respond gradually speeds up; the slope displacement first occurs at the lower part of the slope, then in the middle, and finally at the upper part; the time when the displacement at each point on the slope surface begins to respond gradually speeds up with the increase in the slope; the damage form at a small slope gradient is mainly flow sliding, and the damage process is continuous; the damage form at a large slope gradient is mainly flow sliding and overall sliding, and the damage process is continuous and sudden; when the binary structure slope fails, the sliding surface includes the internal sliding surface of the soil and the sliding surface at the soil–rock interface, but when the slope gradient is small, the relative sliding at the soil–rock interface is small, and a continuous sliding surface cannot be formed; and when the slope gradients are small (30° and 40°), the displacement decreases continuously from top to bottom, and no overall sliding surface is formed. The larger values of plastic strain mainly occur in the upper and middle parts of the slope, there is no formation of a continuous plastic strain zone, and the damage mode is flow sliding; when the slope gradients are large (50° and 60°), the displacement is the largest in the upper part, and a large displacement also occurs in the lower part, forming a sliding surface that penetrates through the soil–soil and rock–soil layers. The larger values of plastic strain occur in the upper, middle, and lower parts of the slope, a continuous plastic strain zone is formed, and the damage modes are flow sliding and overall sliding; numerical simulations were carried out on a typical actual slope, and consistent results were obtained.
The Impact of Heave Motion on Gap Resonance in Floating Structures: A Numerical Investigation
Authors: Ding Haoyu , Gao Junliang , Zang Jun
Published: December 2024

The phenomenon of gap resonance has increasingly captured the attention of researchers due to its significant impact on offshore and coastal structures. Despite extensive studies, the effect of the heave motion of floating structures on gap resonance has lacked thorough investigation. This paper addresses this gap by using a two-dimensional numerical wave tank in OpenFOAM (version v1812) to compare both fixed-box and floating-box systems. Our findings reveal that the inclusion of the heave motions of structures shifts the resonance frequency to higher values (larger kh) and significantly reduces wave amplification compared with fixed-box systems. Furthermore, while gap resonance can induce extreme wave forces, its impact on the rear box in floating-box systems is minimal. These results underscore the necessity of considering the motion of floating structures in gap resonance studies to enhance the stability and design of offshore and coastal structures, a factor that has been insufficiently addressed in previous research.