bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attitude to loneliness: Behavioral strategies as coping resources
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Petrash Marina , Strizhitskaya Olga ,   St. Petersburg State University, Murtazina Inna ,   St. Petersburg State University, Vartanyan Gayane ,   St. Petersburg State University, Shchukin Anton ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: January 2022

The article deals with the concept of “loneliness” and provides a modern view on the problem of studying the phenomenon. The data of an empirical study on the experience of loneliness and coping behavior in adults is presented. The study involved 256 respondents aged 21 to 73, including 153 women and 103 men. Most of the participants live in Vyborg, Leningrad Region (65.2%). The participants in the study are representatives of different professional environments (university teachers, schools, gymnasiums, medical workers, engineers, civil servants), 216 people have a higher education. It was hypothesized that there may be types of attitudes towards loneliness, differing in the level of severity of the characteristics of the phenomenon, and these types can be regulated in different ways by coping behavior. Also, it was suggested that sociotropism acts as a resource in the experience of loneliness, and problem-oriented coping strategies act as predictors of sociotropy. The research design included the following methods: Differential Loneliness Experience Questionnaire by E.N.Osin and D.A.Leontyev (DOPO-3k); Scale of social and emotional loneliness (SELSA-S) as adapted by O.Yu. Strizhitskaya et al.; Scale of psychological well-being by K.Riff as adapted by E.G.Troshikhina and L.V.Zhukovskaya (short version); Satisfaction with Life Scale E.Dinner; Coping test by R.La- zarus, Scale “Sociotropy — Self-sufficiency”; questionnaire. Four types of attitudes towards loneliness were identified, which differ in the severity of the characteristics of loneliness and their ratio: “adaptive”, “dependent”, “coping”, “self-sufficient”. The differences in the regulation of behavior among respondents with different types of attitudes to loneliness are shown, the structure of the relationship between coping strategies and the characteristics of loneliness is determined. The contribution of problem-oriented strategies to reducing the level of the feeling of loneliness is shown and the ambiguous contribution of the “self-control” strategy to the experience of general loneliness and social-emotional loneliness, depending on the type of experience of the studied phenomenon. As an indirect result, it is indicated that sociotropy can act as a resource in situations when loneliness is experienced.
Psychological analysis of the means and conditions for the formation of elementary mathematical representations in preschoolers
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Sidneva Anastasia , Plotnikova Valeriya ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Solovyova Yulia ,   Autonomous University of Puebla, Lyutsko Liudmila ,   Open University of Catalonia
Published: January 2022

The article aims to identify and describe the conditions as well as means of teaching that form the zone of proximal development when mastering elementary mathematical concepts (EMC) at an older preschool age (first of all, ideas about quantities: length, area, mass, volume, etc.). Also, the work analyzes the representation of these conditions and means of teaching in modern Russian preschool education programs developed on the basis of the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education. The selection of programs was carried out on the basis of the PRISMA procedure, as a result of which 8 programs were selected out of 43 for analysis according to the selected criteria. Three types of the most common teaching tools were identified in situations when introducing new EMC: samples (visual or verbal instructions, rules), models (schematic representation of essential relations between objects) and symbols (symbolic representation of essential relations between objects). For the main learning conditions, the content and characteristics of those actions in which EMC data are assimilated were analyzed. It was shown that when organizing the formation of ideas about values in older preschoolers, it is psychologically more appropriate to select conditions that require the implementation of actions of selection by magnitude, indirect comparison, as well as measurement using conditional measures that is necessary in situations of representation of modeling or symbolization tools. The obtained results of the analysis of modern Russian preschool education programs indicate that most often they use only one tool — a visual sample or instruction, and the formation of ideas about the values is carried out solely on the basis of the action of direct comparison. The conducted research will make it possible to provide psychologically sound recommendations to teachers, educators and the administration of preschool educational institutions on the choice and implementation of EMC training programs.
The concept of sobornost’ and the problem of church authority in Russian theology late 19th — early 20th centuries
Authors:   St. Tikhon’s Orthodox University, Yachmenik Vyacheslav A.
Published: January 2022

This article is devoted to the problematization of the idea of сhurch authority in Russian theology at the turn of the epochs, which is considered on the basis of the emergence and development of the concept of sobornost’. The reconstruction of the polemical context of A. Khomyakov allows the interpretation of the texts of which the concept of sobornost’ is included in theological thought. It also makes it possible to connect the problem of the authority of hierarchy with the idea of sobornost’ of the Church. In addition to the “Khomyakovsky” context, the author refers to three other authors, considered in chronological order. First, this concerns a collection of articles by Fr. A. Ivantsov-Platonov, in which he interprets the idea of sobornost’ designating it as an ideal characteristic of church structure. Here sobornost’ is associated with conciliar rule, which was not directly suggested by Khomyakov’s concept, and becomes a marker of (un)canonicity. Secondly, the author turns to the spiritual-academic theology at the beginning of the century, in which “sobornost’” is developed at two levels — institutional and mystical. This attempt receives the greatest meaningful development in the texts of Metropolitan Archbishop Antony (Khrapovitsky), who substantiates the authority of the hierarchy through the development of “personalistic” sobornost’ and the idea of the pastoral “compassionate love” for parishioners. Thirdly, the author considers the documents of the 1917–1918 Local Council in the focus of the connection between sobornost’ and church authority. It is concluded that the inclusion of the idea of sobornost’ into the context of academic theology leads to the formulation of the idea of the hierarchy’s authority, which was expressed in the construction of a new image of patriarchal ministry at the Council.
Religion as the “art of being an object”: Some modern cryptotheological approaches
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Yavorsky Dmitry R.
Published: January 2022

In the article, the author proceeds from the assumption that the obsession with the subject status, characteristic of the New European man, devalued the “art of being an object”. The article deals with intellectual strategies for the rehabilitation of the “object” status: the social grammar of Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy and the cybernetic epistemology of Gregory Bateson. Rosenstock-Huessy draws attention to the fact that in speech acts the speaker appears not only as the subject-source of speech, but also as the object to which the listener’s reaction is directed. Moreover, the condition for the formation of the subject of speech is the listener’s object position. This statement captures a wide range of interpretations: from psychological and pedagogical to theological. Bateson criticizes Cartesian epistemology, which, without reflexive grounds, places a person in the position of a subject, thinking, acting, that is ultimately controlling, and ignores or critically treats the position of the object. However, such epistemology gives an incomplete picture of the cognitive or practically transformative act, since it does not register the moments when the cognizing and acting subject receives feedback from the known or transformed reality — becomes an object. The “art of being an object” is proposed as an essential characteristic of religion as such. In fact, a religious situation (at least in theistic religions) is a situation of being in a complex subject-object relationship with the Absolute, where a person, as a rule, does not control the situation, but voluntarily or forcibly becomes the object of influence, control. At the same time, a religious person is not indifferent to the field of a certain power he finds himself in, therefore he is forced to use art or the “gift of discerning spirits”. In the article’s conclusion, secular forms of object behavior are criticized.
Moral and applied theological issues of the implementation of constitutional freedoms of conscience and religion
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, (Mit’ko) Hegumen Serapion
Published: January 2022

This review examines the main directions of Konstantin Andreev’s, Candidate of Legal Sciences), analysis of modern Russian legislation on freedom of conscience and religious associations, as well as law enforcement practice in his monograph The right to believe in modern Russia (issues of implementing constitutional freedom of religion), which has become one of the few works on this topical issue. In addition, the review addresses issues that arise at the intersection of several research fields: philosophy, theology and law. The high level of the peer-reviewed research, its relevance, theoretical value, scientific significance, and the interdisciplinary nature of the research are noted. The review considers the impossibility of applying legislation in a unified format to different historical and cultural confessional trends. The author’s point of view regarding the implementation of religious constitutional freedoms is contemplated, and it provides possibilities for polemics with the author on the reasons for difficulties in the implementation of constitutional religious freedoms. The review deals with the problems of terminology and legislative regulation of some aspects of missionary activity in the context of the latest adopted federal regulations. The peculiarities of Andreev’s interpretation of the problem of “religious secrets” are pointed out. The value of the work for representatives of several branches of science is indicated.
Beauty by Roger Scruton
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gaginsky Alexey M.
Published: January 2022

This review discusses the book Beauty by Roger Scruton (1944–2020), translated into Russian by the Theoaesthetics Foundation. Scruton opposes relativism with regard to beauty because beauty as a concept, as an object of attention in the 20th century, has moved to the periphery of art and its place has been taken by “interesting” and “impressive”. Scruton notes an important thing: the disdain for humanitarian knowledge that has been prevalent in society in recent decades can be linked to the rejection of beauty, which leads to the destruction of the humanities. They are perceived as something not as serious compared to exact sciences. Scruton shows that when someone talks about beauty, he is not talking about his own condition, but about the subject itself: “I am describing it, not myself”. This observation indicates that beauty is not just something subjective and relative. Nevertheless, the philosopher does not share the metaphysical understanding of beauty as one of the properties of God; he tries to reveal this concept without turning to theology. All this, as the author of the review shows, allows us to start a conversation about beauty and theological aesthetics.
Hydrological modeling for streamflow and sediment yield simulation using the SWAT model in a forest-dominated watershed of north-eastern Himalayas of Kashmir Valley, India
Authors: Gull Sarvat , Shah Shagoofta Rasool
Published: January 2022

In this study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to examine the spatial variability of sediment yield, quantify runoff, and soil loss at the sub-basin level and prioritize sub-basins in the Sindh watershed due to its computational efficiency in complex watersheds. The Sequential Uncertainty Fitting-2 approach was used to determine the sensitivity and uncertainty of model parameters. The parameter sensitivity analysis showed that Soil Conservation Services Curve Number II is the most sensitive model parameter for streamflow simulation, whereas linear parameters for sediment re-entrainment is the most significant parameter for sediment yield simulation. This study used daily runoff and sediment event data from 2003 to 2013; data from 2003 to 2008 were utilized for calibration and data from 2009 to 2013 were used for validation. In general, the model performance statistics showed good agreement between observed and simulated values of streamflow and sediment yield for both calibration and validation periods. The noticed insights of this research show the ability of the SWAT model in simulating the hydrology of the Sindh watershed and its reliability to be utilized as a decision-making tool by decision-makers and researchers to influence strategies in the management of watershed processes.
Livelihood functions of fisher households under cold-water production environment of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Baba S. H. , Asimi Oyas , Bhat Ishrat F. , Khan Irfan A.
Published: January 2022

This study comprehensively investigated the livelihood security scenario of fisher households employing the CARE framework with little modifications, in Kashmir, India. Primary data for this study was collected from selected fisher households, and a regression function was fitted to quantify the determinants of livelihood security. The findings revealed that fishing has been their dominant livelihood option. The landholding owned by the households was meagre enough to carry out farming or domesticate animals on commercial lines. Poor capital endowments place them at less livelihood security level; however, the respondents with diversified income have a relatively higher index value for livelihood. The regression estimates indicated that barring social and natural capital, all forms of capital have a significant role to play in securing their livelihood. Poor livelihood security, coupled with less income flow, has made their survival vulnerable to various distresses and health disorders, including the prevalence of infant and maternal mortality. Their dietary intake was undesirably less than their dietary recommendations. The COVID-19 pandemic was perceived as a shock to their livelihood security. Further, public investment, which is pertinent for the growth of the fisheries sector, has shown a discouraging trend. The study concluded with a few policy suggestions for securing the livelihood of the fisher community.
THERMOPHYSICAL MODEL OF A MEMRISTOR-DIODE MICROCHIP
Authors: SOZONOV Maxim V. , BUSYGIN Alexander N. , BOBYLEV Andrey N. , KISLITSYN Anatolii A.
Published: January 2022

The most popular models of memristor, based on the principle of formation and breakage of conductive filaments in memristive layer, are applied to consideration of a single memristor. However, consideration of a full-fledged microchip with many memristors may be also interesting. In this case, it is very important to determine the thermal mode of work of the device, in particular, to determine if it needs cooling and how the microchip architecture affects on the nature of heat transfer. At the same time, the proposed model should be quite simple, since modeling of conductive filaments in each memristor greatly complicates work with the model and requires large computational resources.
In this paper a thermophysical model of the microchip based on a memristor-diode crossbar created at the REC “Nanotechnology” at Tyumen State University is presented. The model takes into account Joule heating and convective heat transfer. A feature of the model is a simplified determination of memristor state by the resistivity value of memristive layer from the data of the current-voltage characteristic of a real memristor sample. Simulation is carried out in the ANSYS software package. Within the framework of the model, self-consistent electrical and thermophysical problems are solved in a non-stationary setting. The temperature fields and graphs of the temperature versus time were obtained for various operating modes. The results obtained are in good agreement with similar data from other studies published in the literature. The model shows itself well in various operating modes, both in modes with memristor state switching process and without it. The presented model can be used at the design stage to take into account the features of the microchip architecture, which can significantly affect the thermal state of microchip operating modes.
LOW-FREQUENCY DIELECTRIC PARAMETERS OF WATER BODIES IN ELECTRIC FIELDS OF VARIOUS INTENSITY
Authors: SEMIKHINA Lyudmila P. , KOROVIN Daniil D.
Published: January 2022

Using the example of water in the usual bulk state, as well as in the bound state inside the sorbent of fine river sand and drops of water-oil emulsion, it is substantiated that the dielectric parameters of water bodies in the frequency range less than 20 MHz significantly depend not only on the frequency, but also on the electric field intensity E in which these parameters are located. A change in E by several orders of magnitude in this work is provided by using two types of measuring cells — capacitor (C-cells) and inductive (L-cells), as well as measuring instruments with different operating principles. A sharp change in low-frequency relaxation processes in the usual bulk state of liquid water occurs when E decreases to a level at which conduction currents cease to arise in water and a further decrease in E has little effect. Relaxation processes only for the most mobile part of its molecules, and in very high fields realized in C-cells, on the contrary, only about the most bound molecules in its first adsorption layers. At the same time, the dielectric parameters of water-oil emulsions turned out to be sensitive to the presence of water droplets in them only in strong electric fields of C-cells. Thus, in this work, it is revealed for the first time that the stronger the interaction of water with the surrounding molecules in an object, the the higher values of E should be used to study low-frequency relaxation processes in it by the dielectric method.
Synthesis and Studies of Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activity of New
Phenylurenyl Chalcone Derivatives
Authors: Akdeniz Güneş Y. , Akgün Hülya , Özakpınar Özlem B. , Duracık Merve , Öztürk Mehmet , İşcan Evin , Başoğlu Faika
Published: January 2022

Background:

Phenylurenyl chalcone structures have the potential to act as a scaffold in anticancer drug discovery.

Methods:

N-Phenethyl-N'-{4-[(2E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]phenyl}urea, 4/3-[(2E)-3-substitutedphenylprop-2-enoyl]phenyl}-N-phenylurea,4/3-[(2E)-3-substitutedphenyl
prop-2-enoyl]phenyl}-N-methylphenyl urea and {4/3-[(2E)-3-substitutedphenylprop-2-enoyl]phenyl}-N-ethylphenyl urea derivatives(1-35)were prepared and evaluated for their anticancer and antimicrobial activity against A-549 Hep-3B, HT-29, CF-7, PC-3, K-562 NIH-3T3 and Huh-7 cell lines and against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), respectively.

Results:

While compounds 2, 26, 29, and 34 showed moderate cytotoxic activity on cell line Huh 7, compounds 14 (IC50: 6.42 µM), 16 (IC50: 5.64 µM), 19 (IC50: 6.95 µM) and 34 (IC50: 6.87 µM) showed good cytotoxic activity on Huh-7 cell line close to Sorafenib (IC50: 4.29 µM) (as reference). MIC values of compounds 4 and 22 against E. coli were 25 μg/ml, of compounds 3, 14 and 29 against P. aeruginosa 25 μg/ml and of compounds 11 and 33 against S. aureus 25 μg/ml. On the other hand, the minimum inhibitory concentration of all tested compounds against C. albicans was 25 μg/ml.

Conclusion:

N-Phenethyl-N'-{4-[(2E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]phenyl}urea may be a new candidate to be developed as an anticancer compound.
Synthesis of New Pyrazole Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Agents with Xanthine
Oxidase Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Hassan Mohd. Zaheen , Alsayari Abdulrhman , Asiri Yahya I. , Bin Muhsinah Abdullatif
Published: January 2022

Aims:

The study aims to synthesize hybrid molecules containing pyrazole and aryldiazenyl/arylhydrazono
fragments with promising anticancer activity.

Background:

The clinical effectiveness of anticancer drugs is limited by their adverse side effects and patient resistance.
Therefore, the development of safer classes of drugs through rational drug design is imperative.

Objective:

Considering the anticancer potential of the pyrazole moiety, the study was carried out with the objective of
synthesizing some hybrid pyrazole derivatives with anticancer potential.

Method:

The anticancer potential of these pyrazolyl analogues were evaluated by sulforhodamine B assay using three
cancer cell lines MCF-7, HepG2, and HCT-116.

Result:

HCT-116 was the most sensitive cell line against these pyrazolyl analogues. Among these newly synthesised
derivatives, 1-(4-((4-bromophenyl)diazenyl)-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)ethan-1-one (5e)
emerged as a promising anticancer agent (IC50 3.6-24.6 μM), having a xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect (IC50 10.87
μM). To obtain further insights into the binding interactions of these molecules, molecular docking studies were also
carried out.

Conclusion:

In summary, our findings suggest that these hybrid pyrazolyl derivatives can be considered as potential
lead molecules for anticancer agents.
Natural Immunity Boosters as Therapeutic Interventions in the Era of the
COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Noureen Sibgha , Rehman Kanwal , Hamid Akash Muhammad Sajid
Published: January 2022

Abstrack:

COVID-19, a pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, has been spread all over the world and is responsible for serious fatalities. SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the family of β-coronavirus that affects pulmonary gas exchange and triggers cytokines storm. Vigorous inflammation, hyper-coagulation, a decrease in the lymphocytic count, and an increase in the neutrophilic count are observed in the second week after the onset of the disease. Fever, dry cough, sneezing, shortness of breath, and respiratory distress are the symptoms of COVID-19. The use of sanitizers, social distancing, vaccination, wearing gloves and face masks, and other preventative measures are all important in preventing coronavirus outbreaks. People with weak immunity are more susceptible to coronavirus. Various natural immunity boosters are known for their immune boosting properties; among them are vitamin C, D, and B complex, medicinal mushrooms, plant-based stuff, and minerals play important roles by increasing the beneficial flora of the human body. All these natural immunity boosters improve the innate and adaptive immune response against coronavirus. Hence, we conclude that the use of natural immunity boosters prevents the attack of coronavirus and makes a person stronger against the suspected attack of COVID-19 and/or other viral diseases.
PEMANFAATAN KHAMIR SEBAGAI BIOREMEDIATOR FUNGISIDA BERBAHAN AKTIF MANKOZEB
Authors: Kusumaningtyas Dinnar , Sulistyowati Liliek , Djauhari Syamsuddin
Published: January 2022

Kenaikan permintaan bahan pangan menyebabkan petani berusaha untuk meningkatkan dan juga mempertahankan hasil panen agar tidak mengalami kerugian. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan oleh petani adalah penggunaan fungisida sebagai teknik pengendalian patogen penyebab penyakit tanaman yang efektif dan efisien. Salah satu jenis fungisida yang banyak digunakan adalah mankozeb. Penggunaan fungisida dalam jangka panjang dan skala luas memberikan efek negatif karena menumpuknya residu berupa senyawa racun di lingkungan. Teknik pengurangan residu di alam yang mulai banyak dikembangkan adalah pemanfaatan mikroba yang memiliki daya adaptasi di lingkungan tercemar dengan memanfaatkan senyawa beracun tersebut untuk metabolismenya. Mekanisme alami dari mikroba ini dapat mengurangi tingkat toksisitas residu fungisida yang tertinggal di alam dari hasil kegiatan pertanian. Khamir merupakan salah satu mikroba yang memiliki potensi sebagai agen bioremediasi fungisida. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya pada bulan Juli 2018 sampai dengan Maret 2019. Tahapan dari penelitian ini adalah eksplorasi khamir pada lahan tercemar fungisida mankozeb, identifikasi khamir, uji adaptasi khamir pada berbagai konsentrasi fungisida serta uji degradasi fungisida oleh khamir. Isolat khamir yang ditemukan adalah M. caribbica, W. anomalus VIT-ASN01, W. anomalus P42B001, C. intermedia, dan C. parapsilosis. Dari hasil uji adaptasi dan uji degradasi diketahui bahwa khamir C. parapsilosis memiliki potensi terbaik sebagai agen bioremediator fungisida mankozeb dibandingkan keempat isolat lainnya.
UJI DAYA TUMBUH DAN UJI VIRULENSI JAMUR PATOGEN Fusarium moniliforme PENYEBAB PENYAKIT POKAHBUNG PADA TANAMAN TEBU (Saccharum officinarum)
Authors: Mevianti Nia Devita , Sektiono Antok Wahyu , Djauhari Syamsuddin
Published: January 2022

Pokahbung merupakan salah satu penyakit penting yang banyak ditemukan di pertanaman tebu dan disebabkan oleh jamur Fusarium moniliforme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji daya tumbuh F. moniliforme di 6 media yang berbeda dan mengetahui media yang sesuai bagi pertumbuhan jamur F. moniliforme serta mengkaji pengaruh perbedaan media pertumbuhan jamur yang digunakan terhadap tingkat virulensi F. moniliforme pada tanaman tebu. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan dan Rumah Kaca (Greenhouse), Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan eksperimen. Eksperimen dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 6 perlakuan media yang berbeda dan 4 kali ulangan secara In vitro dan In vivo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari parameter pengamatan diameter koloni, kerapatan konidia, dan viabilitas konidia menunjukkan hasil yang tidak berbeda nyata. Sehingga kentang, umbi ganyong, dan ubi kayu dapat digunakan sebagai media pertumbuhan jamur F. moniliforme dan penggunaan media kentang dan dextrose serta media kentang dan sukrosa dinilai dapat menjadi media yang paling efektif untuk pertumbuhan jamur F. moniliforme. Perkembangan intensitas serangan penyakit yang ditimbulkan dari keenam media yang berbeda memiliki tingkat virulensi yang sama.
PENGUJIAN KONSORSIUM BAKTERI ANTAGONIS UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT BERCAK DAUN CERCOSPORA DAN VIRUS KUNING PADA TANAMAN CABAI MERAH BESAR (Capsicum annum L.) DI KECAMATAN DAMPIT KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Lestari Diyana , Aini Luqman Qurata
Published: January 2022

Penyakit virus kuning dan bercak daun Cercospora merupakan dua penyakit penting yang menjadi kendala dalam budidaya cabai merah besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji konsorsium bakteri antagonis Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Bacillus cereus dalam mengendalikan penyakit virus kuning dan bercak daun Cercospora pada cabai merah besar serta pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman cabai merah besar sendiri. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2020 - Desember 2020 di lahan tumpangsari bawang merah dan cabai, Desa Ubalan, Kecamatan Dampit, Kabupaten Malang. Persiapan penelitian meliputi survei lokasi, persiapan alat dan bahan, pengacakan perlakuan, dan penentuan tanaman sampel. Pelaksanaan penelitian meliputi pengaplikasian larutan isolat bakteri antagonis di lapang, pengamatan mingguan, dan pengolahan data. Penelitian disusun menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 9 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Data dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam ANOVA dan uji lanjut DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) pada taraf 5% menggunakan software DSAASTAT. Konsorsium P7 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa + Bacillus cereus 13) lebih efektif dalam menekan penyakit virus kuning, sedangkan perlakuan konsorsium P8 (Bacillus cereus 12 + Bacillus cereus 13) lebih efektif dalam menekan penyakit bercak daun Cercospora. Perlakuan konsorsium tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap tinggi dan jumlah daun. Namun, konsorsium P7 mampu meningkatkan bobot tanaman cabai meskipun secara statistik tidak berbeda dengan perlakuan lainnya.
To explore the pharmacological mechanism of action using digital twin
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia, et al. Rahman
Published: January 2022

With the advent of medical technology and science, the number of animals used in research has increased. For decades, the use of animals in research and product testing has been a point of conflict. Experts and pharmaceutical manufacturers are harming animals worldwide during laboratory research. Animals have also played a significant role in the advancement of science; animal testing has enabled the discovery of various novel drugs. The misery, suffering, and deaths of animals are not worth the potential human benefits. As a result, animals must not be exploited in research to assess the drug mechanism of action (MOA). Apart from the ethical concern, animal testing has a few more downsides, including the requirement for skilled labor, lengthy processes, and cost. Because it is critical to investigate adverse effects and toxicities in the development of potentially viable drugs. Assessment of each target will consume the range of resources as well as disturb living nature. As the digital twin works in an autonomous virtual world without influencing the physical structure and biological system. Our proposed framework suggests that the digital twin is a great reliable model of the physical system that will be beneficial in assessing the possible MOA prior to time without harming animals. The study describes the creation of a digital twin to combine the information and knowledge obtained by studying the different drug targets and diseases. Mechanism of Action using Digital twin (MOA-DT) will enable the experts to use an innovative approach without physical testing to save animals, time, and resources. DT reflects and simulates the actual drug and its relationships with its target, however presenting a more accurate depiction of the drug, which leads to maximize efficacy and decrease the toxicity of a drug. In conclusion, it has been shown that drug discovery and development can be safe, effective, and economical in no time through the combination of the digital and physical models of a pharmaceutical as compared to experimental animals.
Estimación bayesiana del modelo de difusión con saltos de Merton
Authors: Alba Suarez Miguel Antonio , Alba Acosta Miguel Ángel , Alba Acosta David Camilo
Published: January 2022

En la literatura existen diferentes aportes en la forma como se puede identificar la evolución de los derivados financieros vía precios de los activos subyacentes. El Modelo de Difusión con Saltos de Merton (MDSM) es una de las referencias más importantes para modelar la dinámica estocástica de los rendimientos de los activos en comparación con el modelo de Black y Scholes (B&S). El objetivo principal de este trabajo es realizar un análisis comparativo entre el MDSM y el B&S desde un enfoque bayesiano utilizando métodos Markov-Chain-Monte-Carlo (MCMC).
Las simulaciones aplicadas al registro diario de algunas de las principales acciones que conforman el índice NASDAQ evidenciaron la superioridad en ajuste del MDSM sobre los rendimientos financieros vía MCMC. Algunas recomendaciones y limitaciones de esta investigación surgen en la propuesta adecuada para los valores usados como parámetros para las distribuciones a priori previas a la estimación de las distribuciones posterior para cada parámetro de cada modelo.
El mayor aporte dentro del marco estadístico de esta investigación es ilustrar la efectividad los métodos MCMC para MDSM en yuxtaposición a B&S.
Los efectos del crédito bancario otorgado a la industria y al consumo en el crecimiento económico: evidencia de México, 1994-2017
Authors: Cisneros Zepeda David Salvador
Published: January 2022

Este artículo analiza empíricamente la relación entre el crédito bancario otorgado a la industria y al consumo y el crecimiento económico en México, utilizando como método un análisis de regresión, para medir los efectos a largo plazo; además, se implementó una variable dicotómica, para observar la existencia de posibles cambios en la relación entre las variables con la ocurrencia de la crisis financiera del 2008. Se encontró que, a pesar de ser un país con un sistema financiero poco eficiente, existe una relación positiva con el crecimiento económico en el largo plazo; asimismo, la relación entre el PIB y el crédito bancario otorgado a la industria, denota un cambio tras la crisis financiera del 2008, donde el segundo dejó de tener efectos positivos sobre el crecimiento económico. Los obstáculos del estudio se deben a que las bases de datos sobre crédito bancario dejaron de actualizarse en INEGI. Sin duda, el papel de banca sobre el crecimiento aún es importante para México, y se debe pensar en mejores regulaciones sobre la implementación del crédito para la industria.
Use of Health Information Technology by Adults With Diabetes in the United States: Cross-sectional Analysis of National Health Interview Survey Data (2016-2018)
Authors: Wang Seamus Y , Yeh Hsin-Chieh , Stein Arielle Apfel , Miller Edgar R
Published: January 2022

Background

The use of health information technology (HIT) has been proposed to improve disease management in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective

This study aims to report the prevalence of HIT use in adults with diabetes in the United States and examine the factors associated with HIT use.

Methods

We analyzed data from 7999 adults who self-reported a diabetes diagnosis as collected by the National Health Interview Survey (2016-2018). All analyses were weighted to account for the complex survey design.

Results

Overall, 41.2% of adults with diabetes reported looking up health information on the web, and 22.8% used eHealth services (defined as filled a prescription on the web, scheduled an appointment with a health care provider on the web, or communicated with a health care provider via email). In multivariable models, patients who were female (vs male: prevalence ratio [PR] 1.16, 95% CI 1.10-1.24), had higher education (above college vs less than high school: PR 3.61, 95% CI 3.01-4.33), had higher income (high income vs poor: PR 1.40, 95% CI 1.23-1.59), or had obesity (vs normal weight: PR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01-1.22) were more likely to search for health information on the web. Similar associations were observed among age, race and ethnicity, education, income, and the use of eHealth services. Patients on insulin were more likely to use eHealth services (on insulin vs no medication: PR 1.21, 95% CI 1.04-1.41).

Conclusions

Among adults with diabetes, HIT use was lower in those who were older, were members of racial minority groups, had less formal education, or had lower household income. Health education interventions promoted through HIT should account for sociodemographic factors.
Using Natural Language Processing to Explore Mental Health Insights From UK Tweets During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Infodemiology Study
Authors: Marshall Christopher , Lanyi Kate , Green Rhiannon , Wilkins Georgina C , Pearson Fiona , Craig Dawn
Published: January 2022

Background

There is need to consider the value of soft intelligence, leveraged using accessible natural language processing (NLP) tools, as a source of analyzed evidence to support public health research outputs and decision-making.

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore the value of soft intelligence analyzed using NLP. As a case study, we selected and used a commercially available NLP platform to identify, collect, and interrogate a large collection of UK tweets relating to mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

A search strategy comprised of a list of terms related to mental health, COVID-19, and lockdown restrictions was developed to prospectively collate relevant tweets via Twitter’s advanced search application programming interface over a 24-week period. We deployed a readily and commercially available NLP platform to explore tweet frequency and sentiment across the United Kingdom and identify key topics of discussion. A series of keyword filters were used to clean the initial data retrieved and also set up to track specific mental health problems. All collated tweets were anonymized.

Results

We identified and analyzed 286,902 tweets posted from UK user accounts from July 23, 2020 to January 6, 2021. The average sentiment score was 50%, suggesting overall neutral sentiment across all tweets over the study period. Major fluctuations in volume (between 12,622 and 51,340) and sentiment (between 25% and 49%) appeared to coincide with key changes to any local and/or national social distancing measures. Tweets around mental health were polarizing, discussed with both positive and negative sentiment. Key topics of consistent discussion over the study period included the impact of the pandemic on people’s mental health (both positively and negatively), fear and anxiety over lockdowns, and anger and mistrust toward the government.

Conclusions

Using an NLP platform, we were able to rapidly mine and analyze emerging health-related insights from UK tweets into how the pandemic may be impacting people’s mental health and well-being. This type of real-time analyzed evidence could act as a useful intelligence source that agencies, local leaders, and health care decision makers can potentially draw from, particularly during a health crisis.
Use of Health Information Technology by Adults With Diabetes in the United States: Cross-sectional Analysis of National Health Interview Survey Data (2016-2018) (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Seamus Y , Yeh Hsin-Chieh , Stein Arielle Apfel , Miller Edgar R
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

The use of health information technology (HIT) has been proposed to improve disease management in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to report the prevalence of HIT use in adults with diabetes in the United States and examine the factors associated with HIT use.

METHODS

We analyzed data from 7999 adults who self-reported a diabetes diagnosis as collected by the National Health Interview Survey (2016-2018). All analyses were weighted to account for the complex survey design.

RESULTS

Overall, 41.2% of adults with diabetes reported looking up health information on the web, and 22.8% used eHealth services (defined as filled a prescription on the web, scheduled an appointment with a health care provider on the web, or communicated with a health care provider via email). In multivariable models, patients who were female (vs male: prevalence ratio [PR] 1.16, 95% CI 1.10-1.24), had higher education (above college vs less than high school: PR 3.61, 95% CI 3.01-4.33), had higher income (high income vs poor: PR 1.40, 95% CI 1.23-1.59), or had obesity (vs normal weight: PR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01-1.22) were more likely to search for health information on the web. Similar associations were observed among age, race and ethnicity, education, income, and the use of eHealth services. Patients on insulin were more likely to use eHealth services (on insulin vs no medication: PR 1.21, 95% CI 1.04-1.41).

CONCLUSIONS

Among adults with diabetes, HIT use was lower in those who were older, were members of racial minority groups, had less formal education, or had lower household income. Health education interventions promoted through HIT should account for sociodemographic factors.
Using Facebook Advertisements for Women’s Health Research: Methodology and Outcomes of an Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Farr Deeonna E , Battle Darian A , Hall Marla B
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Recruitment of diverse populations for health research studies remains a challenge. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated these challenges by limiting in-person recruitment efforts and placing additional demands on potential participants. Social media, through the use of Facebook advertisements, has the potential to address recruitment challenges. However, existing reports are inconsistent with regard to the success of this strategy. Additionally, limited information is available about processes that can be used to increase the diversity of study participants.

OBJECTIVE

A Qualtrics survey was fielded to ascertain women’s knowledge of and health care experiences related to breast density. This paper describes the process of using Facebook advertisements for recruitment and the effectiveness of various advertisement strategies.

METHODS

Facebook advertisements were placed in 2 rounds between June and July 2020. During round 1, multiple combinations of headlines and interest terms were tested to determine the most cost-effective advertisement. The best performing advertisement was used in round 2 in combination with various strategies to enhance the diversity of the survey sample. Advertisement performance, cost, and survey respondent data were collected and examined.

RESULTS

In round 1, a total of 45 advertisements with 5 different headlines were placed, and the average cost per link click for each headline ranged from US $0.12 to US $0.79. Of the 164 women recruited in round 1, in total 91.62% were eligible to complete the survey. Advertisements used during recruitment in round 2 resulted in an average cost per link click of US $0.11. During the second round, 478 women attempted the survey, and 87.44% were eligible to participate. The majority of survey respondents were White (80.41%), over the age of 55 years (63.94%), and highly educated (63.71%).

CONCLUSIONS

Facebook advertisements can be used to recruit respondents for health research quickly, but this strategy may yield participants who are less racially diverse, more educated, and older than the general population. Researchers should consider recruiting participants through other methods in addition to creating Facebook advertisements targeting underrepresented populations.
Long-term effects of the use of a step count-specific smartphone application on physical activity and weight loss: a randomized clinical trial (Preprint)
Authors: YOSHIMURA EIICHI , Tajiri Eri , Michiwaki Ryota , Matsumoto Naoyuki , Hatamoto Yoichi , Tanaka Shigeho
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Some studies on weight loss promotion using smartphone applications (smartphone app) including mobile applications have shown a weight loss effect, but not an increase in physical activity, and they have not been rigorously examined for longer periods.

OBJECTIVE

To assess whether the use of a smartphone app will increase physical activity and reduce body weight.

METHODS

In this parallel randomized clinical trial, participants recruited between April 2018 and June 2019 were randomized in equal proportions to a smartphone app group (n=55) or control group (n=54). The intention-to-treat approach was used to analyze the data from December 2019 through November 2021.　Before the intervention, an hour-long lecture on weight loss instruction and increasing physical activity was conducted once for both groups. Participants in both groups were instructed to weigh themselves immediately after waking up at least once daily from the start of the intervention. Monthly e-mails were sent advising the participants on how to lose weight and increase physical activity in order to maintain or increase motivation in both groups. Participants in the smartphone app group were instructed to launch the app at least once a day to check their step count and rank. The primary outcome was daily accelerometer-measured physical activity (step count) and secondary outcomes was body weight.

RESULTS

The 109 participants had a mean (standard deviation) age of 47 (8) years. At baseline, the mean (standard deviation) daily total steps were 7259 (3256) for the smartphone app and 8243 (2815) for control groups, respectively. After the 32-week intervention period, the step count per wear time was significantly higher in the smartphone app group than in the control group [average difference (95%CI): 65 (30 to 101) vs. -9 (-56 to 39), p=0.042]. The weight loss was -2.2 kg (-3.1%) in the smartphone app group and -2.2 kg (-3.1%) in the control group, with no significant difference between the groups. During the intervention period, the step count per wear time on Saturdays [615 (545 to 684) vs. 554 (483 to 624), p=0.006] and Sundays [623 (553 to 694) vs. 556 (485 to 627), p=0.004] was significantly higher in the smartphone app group than in the control group.

CONCLUSIONS

In this trial, the smartphone app group showed increased physical activity, especially on weekends. However, this increased physical activity did not lead to weight loss.

CLINICALTRIAL

UMIN000033397
https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr.cgi?function=brows&action=brows&recptno=R000037956&type=summary&language=J
Correction: Effect of Door-to-Door Screening and Awareness Generation Activities in the Catchment Areas of Vision Centers on Service Use: Protocol for a Randomized Experimental Study (Preprint)
Authors: Sabherwal Shalinder , Chinnakaran Anand , Sood Ishaana , Garg Gaurav K , Singh Birendra P , Shukla Rajan , Reddy Priya A , Gilbert Suzanne , Bassett Ken , Murthy Gudlavalleti V S ,   Operational Research Capacity Building Study Group
Published: January 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

A vision center (VC) is a significant eye care service model to strengthen primary eye care services. VCs have been set up at the block level, covering a population of 150,000-250,000 in rural areas in North India. Inadequate use by rural communities is a major challenge to sustainability of these VCs. This not only reduces the community’s vision improvement potential but also impacts self-sustainability and limits expansion of services in rural areas. The current literature reports a lack of awareness regarding eye diseases and the need for care, social stigmas, low priority being given to eye problems, prevailing gender discrimination, cost, and dependence on caregivers as factors preventing the use of primary eye care. Our organization is planning an awareness-cum-engagement intervention—door-to-door basic eye checkup and visual acuity screening in VCs coverage areas—to connect with the community and improve the rational use of VCs. In this randomized, parallel-group experimental study, we will select 2 VCs each for the intervention arm and the control arm from among poor, low-performing VCs (ie, walk-in of ≤10 patients/day) in our 2 operational regions (Vrindavan, Mathura District, and Mohammadi, Kheri District) of Uttar Pradesh. Intervention will include door-to-door screening and awareness generation in 8-12 villages surrounding the VCs, and control VCs will follow existing practices of awareness generation through community activities and health talks. Data will be collected from each VC for 4 months of intervention. Primary outcomes will be an increase in the number of walk-in patients, spectacle advise and uptake, referral and uptake for cataract and specialty surgery, and operational expenses. Secondary outcomes will be uptake of refraction correction and referrals for cataract and other eye conditions. Differences in the number of walk-in patients, referrals, uptake of services, and cost involved will be analyzed. Background work involved planning of interventions and selection of VCs has been completed. Participant recruitment has begun and is currently in progress. Through this study, we will analyze whether our door-to-door intervention is effective in increasing the number of visits to a VC and, thus, overall sustainability. We will also study the cost-effectiveness of this intervention to recommend its scalability. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04800718; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04800718