bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predatory ability of Arthrobotrys musiformis and Monacrosporium thaumasium on Scutellonema bradys
Authors: Soares Ana Cristina Fermino , Sousa Carla da Silva , Coimbra João Luiz , Machado Gisele da Silva , Garrido Marlon da Silva , Almeida Nailson dos Santos
Published: September 2007

Scutellonema bradys (Steiner & LeHew) Andrassy is the most important yam nematode in the State of Bahia, Brazil, being responsible for the decay of yam tubers, known as dry rot disease. Nematode-trapping fungi are potential biocontrol agents against plant parasitic nematodes. The in vitro predatory ability of Arthrobotrys musiformis Drechsler and Monacrosporium thaumasium Drechsler on S. bradys was evaluated. The fungi were grown in PDA medium, than transferred to the center of Petri dishes with 2% agar plus water. After 14 days of the fungal cultures incubation, 150 nematodes were added to the dishes. For a period of 5 days, at 24-hour intervals, the number of captured nematodes was counted. Both fungi formed trapping structures of single ring and three-dimensional adhesive network types, 24 hours after the addition of the nematodes to the fungal cultures. The percentage of nematodes captured by each fungus increased linearly with time, reaching 94.6% and 97.3% of captured nematodes by A. musiformis and M. thaumasium, respectively, at the fifth day of evaluation. Both fungi presented good predatory ability upon S. bradys. This is the first report of nematophagous fungi capturing S. bradys. Further studies should evaluate the potential of these fungi as biocontrol agents of S. bradys in yam plantations.
Production of 34S-labeled gypsum (Ca34SO4.2H2O)
Authors: Rossete Alexssandra Luiza Rodrigues Molina , Bendassolli José Albertino , Máximo Everaldo , Sant Ana Filho Carlos Roberto , Ignoto Raquel de Fátima de
Published: September 2007

Agricultural gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) stands out as an effective source of calcium and sulfur, and to control aluminum saturation in the soil. Labeled as 34S it can elucidate important aspects of the sulfur cycle. Ca34SO4.2H2O was obtained by chemical reaction between Ca(OH)2 and H2(34)SO4, performed under slow agitation. The acid was produced by ion exchange chromatography using the Dowex 50WX8 cation exchange resin and a Na2(34)SO4 eluting solution. After precipitation, the precipitate was separated and dried in a ventilated oven at 60ºC. From 2.2 L H2SO4 0.2 mol L-1 and 33.6 g Ca(OH)2, 73.7 ± 0.6 g Ca34SO4.2H2O were produced on average in the tests, representing a mean yield of 94.6 ± 0.8%, with 98% purity. The 34SO2 gas was obtained from Ca34SO4.2H2O in the presence of NaPO3 in a high vacuum line and was used for the isotopic determination of S in an ATLAS-MAT model CH-4 mass spectrometer.
Salinity reduced growth PS2 photochemistry and chlorophyll content in radish
Authors: Jamil Muhammad , Rehman Shafiq ur , Lee Kui Jae , Kim Jeong Man , Kim Hyun-Soon , Rha Eui Shik
Published: September 2007

When plants are grown under saline conditions, photosynthetic activity decreases leading to reduced plant growth, leaf area, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence. Seeds and seedlings of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) were grown in NaCl solutions under controlled greenhouse conditions. The NaCl concentrations in complete nutrient solutions were 0 (control), 4.7, 9.4 and 14.1 dS m-1. The salinity reduced germination percentage and also delayed the germination rate as the salt level increased. Lengths and fresh weights of root and shoot decreased with the increasing salt concentration. Furthermore, photochemical efficiency of PS2 (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), non photochemical quenching coefficient (qN), leaf area and chlorophyll content (SPAD value) were also reduced (P < 0.001) by salt stress. In contrast, the Fo/Fm ratio increased with increasing salt concentration while salinity showed no effect on the efficiency of excitation captured by open PS2 (Fv'/Fm'), electron transport rate (ETR), and leaf water content. Linear regression shows that the photochemical efficiency of PS2 (Fv/Fm) had a positive relationship with the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), leaf area and chlorophyll content but had no relation with Fv'/Fm', Fo/Fm, and qN.
Rainfall intensity and Mepiquat Chloride persistence in cotton
Authors: Souza Fábio Suano de , Rosolem Ciro Antonio
Published: September 2007

In some regions where cotton is grown in Brazil rainfall amounts to about 2,000 mm per year, which imposes a great risk for Mepiquat Chloride (MP) to be washed from cotton leaves before being absorbed. The objective of this research was to evaluate the MC persistence when applied on cotton plants submitted to different rain intensities after spraying. The treatments were three MC rates: 0, 15.0 and 30.0 g a.i. ha-1 and four simulated rainfalls, applied 90 minutes after MC spraying: 5, 10, 20 and 40 mm, plus a treatment without rain. Cotton plants of the cv. Delta Opal were grown in 12 L pots filled with an Haplortox. The experimental design was consisted of complete randomized blocks, in a factorial scheme, with four replicates. The evaluated parameters were: plant height, number of reproductive branches, dry matter weight, reproductive structures, retention and leaf area. The higher the rainfall the lower the effectiveness of the plant growth regulator in controlling plant height. A simulated rainfall as low as 5 mm occurring 90 minutes after MC application was enough to wash some of the plant growth regulator from cotton leaves.
Rice herbicide monitoring in two Brazilian rivers during the rice growing season
Authors: Marchesan Enio , Zanella Renato , Avila Luis Antonio de , Camargo Edinalvo Rabaioli , Machado Sérgio Luiz de Oliveira , Macedo Vera Regina Mussoi
Published: September 2007

Irrigated rice production can involve environmental contamination with pesticides due to the proximity of the fields to rivers and to management problems. During three years (2000 to 2003) the rice herbicides clomazone, propanil and quinclorac were quantified in water during the rice growing season, in the Vacacaí and Vacacaí-Mirim Rivers, located in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) State, Brazil. Water samples were taken at several locations in each river, selected by their importance in terms of rice drainage area. The samples were analyzed by HPLC-UV. At least one herbicide was detected in 41% of the samples from the Vacacaí River and 33% from the Vacacaí-Mirim River. The most frequent herbicide in both rivers and in each year was clomazone. The amount of herbicides in the river water was dependent on the rainfall regime. River water contamination by rice herbicides is probably caused by the rice water management used in the fields. The maintenance of flooded areas makes herbicides prone to contaminate the environment. To reduce the environmental contamination risk it is necessary to adopt measures to avoid overflow of flooded rice fields, keeping paddy water in the field for time enough to reduce the herbicide concentration before its release and enhancing the quality of the levees to reduce the probability of paddy rice overflow.
Adult attractiveness and oviposition preference of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) B-biotype in cotton genotypes
Authors: Boiça Júnior Arlindo Leal , Campos Zeneide Ribeiro , Lourenção André Luiz , Campos Alcebíades Ribeiro
Published: September 2007

The silverleaf whitefly Bemisia tabaci B-biotype is an important pest of cotton; it affects plant vigour, transmits geminivirus and reduces lint quality. In order to evaluate the resistance of cotton genotypes, Gossypium hirsutum (L.), to the whitefly Bemisia tabaci B-biotype, both free-choice and no-choice attractiveness and non-preference for oviposition tests were carried out in a shade house, at room temperature. Low attractiveness to adults of this whitefly was observed for plants of genotypes Fabrika, CNPA Ita 90, Makina, Coodetec 407, and IAC 01-639 CPA 02-24, which may represent a resistance component of these genetic materials to the insect. Genotypes BRS Aroeira, Coodetec 406, Fabrika, and Coodetec 401 presented the non-preference-for-oviposition type of resistance in the free-choice and no-choice tests. The numbers of trichomes and gossypol glands per cm² were not suitable to evaluate non-preference for oviposition of whitefly adults on cotton genotypes.
Soil reaction and absorption of silicon by rice
Authors: Camargo Mônica Sartori de , Pereira Hamilton Seron , Korndörfer Gaspar Henrique , Queiroz Angélica Araújo , Reis Caroline Borges dos
Published: September 2007

The solubility and availability of silicon can be influenced by soil reaction. A pot experiment with a clayey textured Rhodic Acrustox was conducted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the effect of soil reaction on silicon availability to rice plants. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design, using a factorial scheme (4 x 4) with four materials (calcitic lime, calcium and magnesium silicate, pure silicic acid, and wollastonite), four rates (0, 2500, 5000 and 7500 mg per 5 kg-pot) and four replicates. After 60 days, dry matter yield and silicon absorption by the rice shoot plants, pH CaCl2, and soluble silicon (0.5 mol L-1 acetic acid and 0.01 mol L-1CaCl2) in the soil were evaluated. The materials increased soil pH as the applied rates increased, except silicic acid. Soluble silicon extracted by 0.5 mol L-1 acetic acid also increased with applied rates. For calcium chloride, soluble silicon increased in the soil only with wollastonite and calcium and magnesium silicate, agreeing with its total content. Silicon absorption by the above-ground part of the rice plants was linearly correlated with rates of wollastonite, followed by calcium and magnesium silicate, silicic acid and calcitic lime. Soil pH increase with lime was not sufficient to provide silicon to the rice. The 0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2 soluble silicon had the best correlation with silicon absorption by plants. More studies are necessary under field conditions and other soils to corroborate the presented results.
Water erosion under simulated rainfall in different soil management systems during soybean growth
Authors: Engel Fernando Luis , Bertol Ildegardis , Mafra Álvaro Luiz , Cogo Neroli Pedro
Published: September 2007

Soil management influences soil cover by crop residues and plant canopy, affecting water erosion. The objective of this research was to quantify water and soil losses by water erosion under different soil tillage systems applied on a typical aluminic Hapludox soil, in an experiment carried out from April 2003 to May 2004, in the Santa Catarina highland region, Lages, southern Brazil. Simulated rainfall was applied during five soybean cropstages, at the constant intensity of 64.0 mm h-1. Treatments were replicated twice and consisted of: i) conventional tillage on bare soil - control treatment (CTBS), ii) conventional tillage on cultivated soil (CTCS), iii) no-tillage on non tilled soil with burned crop residue (NTRB), iv) no-tillage in non tilled soil with crop residue desiccated (NTRD), and v) no-tillage on four-years interrupted soil tillage with crop residue desiccated - "traditional no tillage" (NTRT). Regardless of soybean cropstages, water losses were the highest for the CTCS than for the untilled soils, while soil losses were considerably higher in the CTCS treatment only until cropstage 3, in cultivated soil treatments. The NTRT was most effective treatment in terms of both water and soil loss reduction. Water infiltration should also be considered, when considering the soil erosion process caused by rainfall and its associated runoff, due to the management systems usually adopted in cultivated fields.
Comparison between climatological and field water balances for a coffee crop
Authors: Bruno Isabeli Pereira , Silva Adriana Lúcia da , Reichardt Klaus , Dourado-Neto Durval , Bacchi Osny Oliveira Santos , Volpe Clóvis Alberto
Published: September 2007

The use of climatological water balances in substitution to complete water balances directly measured in the field allows a more practical crop management, since the climatological water balances are based on data monitored as a routine. This study makes a comparison between these methods in terms of estimatives of evapotranspiration, soil water storage, soil available water, runoff losses, and drainage below root zone, during a two year period, taking as an example a coffee crop of the variety Catuaí, three to five years old. Climatological water balances based on the estimation of the evapotranspiration through the methods of Thornthwaite and Penman-Monteith, can reasonably substitute field measured balances, however underestimating the above mentioned variables.
Economic optimization of the number of recipients in bovine embryo transfer programs
Authors: Beltrame Renato Travassos , Barioni Luis Gustavo , Maestri Breno Dala , Quirino Celia Raquel
Published: September 2007

Purchase and maintenance of recipient females account for a large proportion of the costs and determine the number of calves that can be produced in an embryo transfer program. However, the large variability of embryo production by the donors and the need to purchase and synchronize the recipients before knowing the number of embryos collected make it difficult for the decision maker to identify the ideal number of recipient females to allocate. An ex-ante evaluation to determine the optimal number of recipient females was carried out through a sensitivity analysis for the ratio between the number of recipients and donors in a simulation model. The variability for the number of embryos collected was accounted for by applying the Monte Carlo simulation technique, assuming normal distribution and known values for mean and variance. The simulation considered monthly intervals between collections, during a 24 months program. The effect of embryo freezing on the number of pregnancies was considered by introducing a stock of frozen embryos into the mathematical model. Optimal recipient/donor ratio and the cost per pregnancy were compared for three recipient synchronization protocols (prostaglandin, progesterone - P4 and Ovsynch), based on the expected performance for synchronization, conception and transfer/treated rates for each protocol. Stochastic simulation associated with sensitivity analysis was effective in identifying the optimal donor to recipient ratio. Freezing embryos is effective to reduce the operational costs per pregnancy. The estimated optimal recipient/donor ratio was 20 for prostaglandin and 16.7 for the other protocols. The P4 protocol, although the most expensive, resulted in the lowest pregnancy cost estimation followed by prostaglandin and Ovsynch.
Segments of competition in south brazilian wineries
Authors: Miele Marcelo , Coldebella Arlei , Waquil Paulo Dabdab , Miele Alberto
Published: September 2007

The international restructuring process in the beverage sector reached the winemaking business in the 1990s, changing its panorama. Increasing competitive pressure is a characteristic of this period with significant impact in regions such as the countries belonging to the Mercosul block. To support firm strategies and public policies, the goal of this study was to identify the competition segments in winemaking in Rio Grande do Sul, the southern state of Brazil, and in a specific form to propose a typology of wineries based on the Industrial Organization literature. The data used are from the State Wineries Data Bank of Rio Grande do Sul, which were submitted to multivariate statistical analysis, integrating a cluster and principal components analysis in a group of 381 observations. The results showed the existence of two factors, one related to scale and diversification, and the other related to the quality of the products and of the raw material. From these factors, six groups of wineries were identified that can be named segments of competition in winemaking. Group 1 is characterized by quality and specialization; group 2, by a large production scale and diversification; group 3, by a low added value; group 4, by a micro production scale; and groups 5 and 6, by a low added value, small scale, and specialization.
Stock-scion interactions on growth and rubber yield of Hevea brasiliensis
Authors: Cardinal Átila Bento Beleti , Gonçalves Paulo de Souza , Martins Antônio Lúcio Mello
Published: September 2007

Rubber tree cultivation [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell.-Arg.] uses mostly the budding propagation method, however the expected stand uniformity due to the use of vegetative propagation is theoretical, since high variation for yield and vigor is caused by rootstock influence. The objective of this study was to assess several combinations between clonal rootstocks and clone scions through diallel analysis, aiming at high productivity and vigor. Data consisted of five years of dry rubber yield and girth at panel opening from an experiment using a split-plot design with four replications, conducted at Pindorama, SP, Brazil, considering six rootstocks (GT 1, IAN 873, PB 235, RRIM 600, RRIM 701 and unselected seedlings) and six scions (GT 1, IAN 873, PB 235, PR 107, RRIM 600 and RRIM 701). A 6 ´ 6 partial diallel analysis summing up 36 combinations was undertaken, and general compatibility for each group of materials (rootstocks and scions) and specific compatibility among all combinations were estimated. The results have shown that PB 235 and IAN 873 rootstocks provided high yields and general compatibility values (7.9348 and 2.7647, respectively). The use of unselected seedlings as rootstocks is not recommended because they presented very low compatibility values for dry rubber yield. Towards growth vigor, the tested rootstocks have shown similar performance.
Short-term assessment of bt maize on non-target arthropods in Brazil
Authors: Fernandes Odair Aparecido , Faria Marcos , Martinelli Samuel , Schmidt Francisco , Carvalho Vinícius Ferreira , Moro Gloverson
Published: September 2007

Although not yet available for cultivation in Brazil, the effect of Bt maize hybrids on natural enemies and soil dwelling arthropods should be assessed prior to its release to growers. Trials were carried out during one growing season in two different locations with the genetically modified maize hybrids 7590-Bt11 and Avant-ICP4, comparing with their respective non-Bt isogenic hybrids. Arthropods were evaluated through direct observation on plants and pitfall traps. In general, no differences were observed between populations of earwig (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), lady beetles (Coleptera: Coccinellidae), minute pirate bug (Coleoptera: Anthocoridae), ground beetles (Carabidae), tiger beetles (Cicindelidae), and spiders (Araneae). There was no difference in egg parasitism of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) by Trichogramma sp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Thus, Bt maize hybrids expressing insecticide proteins Cry1A(b) and VIP 3A do not cause reduction of the main maize dweeling predators and parasitoids.
Genetic diversity in common bean accessions evaluated by means of morpho-agronomical and RAPD data
Authors: Chiorato Alisson Fernando , Carbonell Sérgio Augusto Morais , Benchimol Luciana Lasry , Chiavegato Marilia Barbosa , Dias Luiz Antonio dos Santos , Colombo Carlos Augusto
Published: September 2007

Germplasm banks store genotype samples, improved varieties, landraces and wild species, all generically denominated accessions. The importance of characterizing germplasm banks is based on the identification and knowledge of relevant traits for genetic improvement and ex situ germplasm conservation. Thus, the present study had as aim the evaluation of the genetic diversity among 220 accessions of a Brazilian common bean germplasm bank of the "Instituto Agronômico de Campinas" (IAC) by means of 23 morpho-agronomical descriptors and 19 RAPD loci. These accessions correspond to genotypes from the Andean and Middle American gene pool as well as from cultivars derived from common bean improvement programs. The Middle American accessions and the improved cultivars were clustered into one group, distinct from the one formed by the Andean accessions. In relation to the molecular data, 47% of the genetic similarity was detected among the Middle American accessions, and similar results were observed for the improved cultivars (50%). The Andean accessions revealed 60% of genetic similarity. The cluster constituted by the improved cultivars and the Middle American genotypes differed, basically, in tegument color. Both molecular and morpho-agronomical data sets were equally effective to quantify and organize the genetic diversity of common bean accessions. This information may be useful to direct crosses and for the proper organization of the IAC germplasm bank.
Micropropagation, seed propagation and germplasm bank of Mandevilla velutina (Mart.) Woodson
Authors: Biondo Ronaldo , Souza Ana Valéria , Bertoni Bianca Waléria , Soares Andreimar Martins , França Suzelei Castro , Pereira Ana Maria Soares
Published: September 2007

Mandevilla velutina (Mart.) Woodson (Apocynaceae) is a medicinal plant species with antivenom properties, native from Brazilian Savanna regions (Cerrado), which due to overexploitation and habitat deforestation is in danger of extinction. As an initiative for conserving this endangered but economically important plant species, a micropropagation protocol was developed and genotypes were stored in the Germplasm Bank "Cerrado In vitro". For the in vitro propagation of M. velutina, nodal segments were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of BA, Zeatin, 2ip, DTT and TDZ. Best multiplication ratio was achieved when to the medium 0.44 µM BA, ranging 1: 6.7, were added. Plantlets cultured on MS/2 medium supplemented with 26.85 µM NAA rooted successfully (50.5%). Although rooted and un-rooted plantlets acclimatized to soil conditions, great losses were observed within un-rooted plantlets, while the rooted presented 100 % survival. It was possible to maintain 43% of the M. velutina germplasm under healthy conditions for six months, with no subcultures, using the MS medium supplemented with 2% sucrose, 13.8 mM spermidine, 2% sorbitol and 2% dextrose.
Silicate and phosphate combinations for marandu palisadegrass growing on an oxisol
Authors: Melo Suzana Pereira de , Monteiro Francisco Antonio , Manfredini Daniel
Published: September 2007

One of the greatest problems for pasture establishment and maintenance are the extremely low concentrations of available phosphorus in soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influences on productive and physiologic attributes during Marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha) establishment, following changes in phosphorus availability in the soil through the applications of phosphate and silicate. To achieve this, a fractionated factorial 5² design was used, with 13 combinations for silicon and phosphorus, respectively, in mg dm-3: 150 and 10; 150 and 170; 150 and 330; 225 and 90; 225 and 250; 300 and 10; 300 and 170; 300 and 330; 375 and 90; 375 and 250; 450 and 10; 450 and 170 and 450 and 330, distributed according to randomized blocks, with four replications. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using samples of a Typic Haplustox (760 g kg-1 sand, 40 g kg-1 silt and 200 g kg-1 clay). Wollastonite was used as the source of silicate and the sources of phosphorus were Ca(H2PO4)2, KH2PO4 and NaH2PO4. Marandu palisadegrass was grown during the summer and two harvests were made during the growing season. Significant interaction between phosphorus and silicate rates was found for the number of tillers and expanded green leaves, total leaf area, dry mass production of leaf laminae and culms with sheaths, and dry mass production of plant tops. Maximum responses of the analyzed variables were reached in the combination of the intermediate rates of phosphorus (170 and 250 mg dm-3) with high rates of silicon (375 and 450 mg dm-3).
Testing and validation of DRIS for apple tree
Authors: Nachtigall Gilmar Ribeiro , Dechen Antonio Roque
Published: September 2007

To evaluate three procedures of the calculation of DRIS indices, as well as the efficiency of DRIS as a method for the interpretation of apple tree leaf analyses. This study uses data collected in apple producing areas of the Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina States, Brazil. The concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, boron, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc were determined in the leaf samples. The validation of the DRIS method used results of an experiment of potassium fertilization. The DRIS indices were calculated using two criteria for the choice of the ratio order of nutrients (F value ratio of variance of the relationships among nutrients between the reference group and the low productivity group, and R value - correlation coefficients between the productivity and the relationship between pairs of nutrients) and three forms of calculation of nutrient functions (methods of Beaufils, Jones and Elwali & Gascho). The Nutritional Balance Index (NBI) presented negative correlation with the productivity in all combinations. The DRIS method described by Elwali & Gascho, using the F value, presented a performance similar to the criterion of sufficiency range, and it can be used for the interpretation of foliar analysis of apple trees, because it presents values of the nutritional balance index that indicates the nutritional status of the plants, and for the efficiency in the nutritional diagnosis of the crop.
Occurrence of Dinarmus basalis in Callosobruchus analis in stored soybean in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Costa Valmir Antonio , Guzzo Élio César , Lourenção André Luiz , Tavares Márcio Aurélio Garcia Correia , Vendramim José Djair
Published: September 2007

Callosobruchus analis (F.) is considered an important pest in several countries in Africa, Asia and Oceania. It has been observed infesting seeds belonging to 15 Leguminosae genera, including peanut, bean, chickpea, pea, cowpea, and soybean. One of its main natural enemies is the parasitoid Dinarmus basalis (Rondani) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), whose control efficiency has already been demonstrated in several studies. This paper records the occurrence of C. analis and its parasitoid, D. basalis, in stored soybean of the state of São Paulo, Brazil.
Attraction of Astylus variegatus (Germ.) (Coleoptera: Melyridae) by volatile floral attractants
Authors: Ventura Maurício Ursi , Pereira Tania , Nunes Daiane Heloisa , Arruda Iara Cintra de
Published: September 2007

The beetle Astylus variegatus (Germ.) (Coleoptera: Melyridae) is frequently found in flowers feeding on pollen. Responses of A. variegatus to volatile floral attractants were studied in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) fields. Traps originally designed to capture Diabrotica speciosa (Germ.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), consisted of plastic bottles (2 L) with 150 holes (5-mm diameter) yellow gold painted and containing inside a plastic strip (3.5 ´ 25 cm) with Lagenaria vulgaris (L.) powder (0.28% B cucurbitacin - feeding stimulant and arrestant for diabroticites) sprayed with carbaril insecticide. Treatments consisted of 1,4-dimethoxybenzene (one or two dispensers per trap), 1,4-dimethoxybenze + indole, 1,4-dimethoxybenzene + cinnameldehyde and control. Volatile average release rates (over ten days) was approximately 32 mg day-1 per dispenser under laboratory conditions. 1,4-dimethoxybenzene-lured traps caught significantly more beetles than the control, three and seven days after trap setting. Ten days after the onset of the experiment, there were no differences in number of beetles caught by treatments. Captures were higher in the 1,4-dimethoxybenzene + cinnamaldehyde treatment than in 1,4-dimethoxybenzene only in the first assessment. Adding indole to 1,4-dimethoxybenzene did not improve beetle captures.
Can land use changes alter carbon, nitrogen and major ion transport in subtropical brazilian streams?
Authors: Silva Daniela Mariano Lopes da , Ometto Jean Pierre Henry Balbaud , Lobo Gré de Araújo , Lima Walter de Paula , Scaranello Marcos Augusto , Mazzi Edmar , Rocha Humberto Ribeiro da
Published: September 2007

Several studies in tropical watersheds have evaluated the impact of urbanization and agricultural practices on water quality. In Brazil, savannas (known regionally as Cerrados) represent 23% of the country's surface, representing an important share to the national primary growth product, especially due to intense agriculture. The purpose of this study is to present a comprehensive evaluation, on a yearly basis, of carbon, nitrogen and major ion fluxes in streams crossing areas under different land use (natural vegetation, sugar cane and eucalyptus) in a savanna region of SE Brazil. Eucalyptus and sugar cane alter the transport of the investigated elements in small watersheds. The highest concentration of all parameters (abiotic parameters, ions, dissolved organic carbon DOC - and dissolved inorganic carbon - DIC) were found in Sugar Cane Watersheds (SCW). The observed concentrations of major cations in Eucalyptus Watersheds (EW) (Mg, Ca, K, Na), as well as DIN and DOC, were found frequently to be intermediate values between those of Savanna Watersheds (SW) and SCW, suggesting a moderate impact of eucalyptus plantations on the streamwater. Same trends were found in relation to ion and nutrient fluxes, where the higher values corresponded to SCW. It is suggested that sugar cane plantations might be playing an important role in altering the chemistry of water bodies.
Savanna woodland soil micromorphology related to water retention
Authors: Juhász Carlos Eduardo Pinto , Cooper Miguel , Cursi Patrícia Ribeiro , Ketzer André Oppitz , Toma Raul Shiso
Published: September 2007

The limiting factors of the Brazilian savanna physical environment have been largely discussed. Soil morphology is fundamental to understand the behavior of soil water flow, soil physical properties and soil-landscape relationships. The aim of this study is to relate soil micro and macromorphologic attributes to soil water retention on a toposequence under native savanna woodland (cerradão) in a permanent plot of 320 m ´ 320 m installed in Assis, SP, Brazil. Samples collected at five points within the toposequence were used to determine the soil macroporosity by means of image analyses, estimated total porosity, chemical analysis, particle size distribution analysis and soil water retention. From the summit down to the footslope, the soils were classified as Rhodic Haplustox, Typic Haplustox and Epiaquic Haplustult, presenting a gradual color transition and a sandy loam texture. In the surface horizons, the higher organic matter content and the high total macroporosity determined a lower soil bulk density and lower water retention. In the Oxisols, the high soil macroporosity results from the packing of microaggregates in the oxic horizon. In the Ultisol, the lower total porosity in the deeper horizons resulted in a higher water retention and an imperfect water drainage. The water retention conditions on the slope influenced the morphological differences in soil color and structure. The low water retention on the surface and oxic horizons, conditioned by the high total macroporosity, is one of the factors that may define the vegetal pattern of the savanna woodland within the permanent plot.
Threats to the Cerrado remnants of the state of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Durigan Giselda , Siqueira Marinez Ferreira de , Franco Geraldo Antonio Daher Correa
Published: September 2007

Patches of natural vegetation remaining in landscapes occupied by man are continuously under threat due to the edge effects and also to land use types around these remnants. The most frequent threats and land use types in the vicinity of 81 Cerrado (tropical savanna type) fragments in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, were analyzed in order to verify if the frequency of every type of disturbance to the natural ecosystem depends on the neighboring land use. The hypothesis of the study assumes that environmental threats are correlated with land use around protected areas. From the 81 areas, the most frequent human-induced land cover types around the Cerrado remnants were: pasture (recorded in 78% of the areas), sugarcane plantations (26%), roads (19%), annual crops and reforestation (14% each). The most frequent sources of threats were invasive grasses (35% of the areas partially or totally invaded) and cattle (observed in 32% of the areas), followed by deforestation (21%), and fire (21%). The chi-square analysis revealed that, with the exception of deforestation, which does not depend on land use, all other threats are influenced by the neighboring land use. The occurrence of invasive grasses and fires are strongly favored by the presence of roads and urban areas. Sugarcane, reforestation, and permanent crops were the less impacting land use types found in the study area, when only considering impact frequency. These land use types have fire and weed control, and also exclude cattle, indirectly protecting natural ecosystems.
Species composition and similarities among anuran assemblages of forest sites in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Bertoluci Jaime , Brassaloti Ricardo Augusto , Ribeiro Júnior José Wagner , Vilela Vívian Maria de Faria Nasser , Sawakuchi Henrique Oliveira
Published: September 2007

Neotropical forests show high anuran species richness, but some Brazilian forest formations, like cerradão, semideciduous forests and restingas, remain poorly known. The composition of anuran species were determined for four forest sites belonging to different biomes in southeastern Brazil, based on two complementary techniques (visual encounter survey and survey on breeding sites), both applied simultaneously. A total of 60 anuran species belonging to eight families was recorded. Species richness and levels of endemism were higher in the Atlantic rainforest site. Sites located in the Cerrado domain were more alike than those located in the Atlantic Forest Domain. Similarity in anuran species composition was negatively correlated to the geographical distance among sites, which explains part of similarities in species composition. Factors affecting these occurrence patterns are discussed. One species (if its identity is confirmed) is considered Data Deficient by IUCN (The World Conservation Union), though it is not included in the Brazilian list of threatened amphibians. The presence of certain species with special habitats and microclimate requirements (bioindicators) suggests well-preserved ecosystems.
Trap and soil monolith sampled edaphic spiders (arachnida: araneae) in Araucaria angustifolia forest
Authors: Baretta Dilmar , Brescovit Antonio Domingos , Knysak Irene , Cardoso Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira
Published: September 2007

Forests with Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze trees are endangered in Brazil, and information on the diversity of soil spider families associated to these environments is practically inexistent. The present study was set up to evaluate the abundance and diversity of soil spider families in natural and reforested Araucaria forests, impacted or not by fire, and to identify the most efficient method to collect these organisms. The study was conducted in four areas: native forest with predominance of Araucaria (NF); Araucaria reforestation (R); Araucaria reforestation submitted to an accidental fire (RF); and native grass pasture with native Araucaria and submitted to an intense accidental fire (NPF). Considering both sampling methods (Monolith and Pitfall traps), 20 spider families were identified. The pitfall trap method was more effective as it captured 19 out of the 20 recorded families, while the Monolith method extracted only ten spider families. Spider family abundance and Shannon's diversity index (H) were affected by the employed collection method; the values for these attributes were always higher for the NF and lower for the NPF. Correspondence analysis (CA) showed a spatial separation among spider familiy assemblages from the different studied areas. It is suggested that changes in the abundance of soil spider families in Araucaria forests are mainly caused by recurrent human intervention over the last few years.
Earthworm populations sampled using collection methods in atlantic forests with Araucaria angustifolia
Authors: Baretta Dilmar , Brown George Gardner , James Samuel Wooster , Cardoso Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira
Published: September 2007

Araucaria angustifolia, also known as the Paraná Pine is an endangered tree species in Brazil and little is known of the diversity of soil invertebrates inhabiting these forests. Therefore, the present study was set up to evaluate the biomass and diversity of earthworms in natural and reforested Araucaria plots, impacted or not by fire, and to identify the most efficient earthworm collection method. Four study areas included: native forest with Araucaria (NF); Araucaria reforestation (R); Araucaria reforestation submitted to an accidental fire (RF); and native grass pasture with native Araucaria and submitted to an intense accidental fire (NPF). Five soil samples containing the earthworm community were taken in a 0.3 ha area in each of the forest sites, close to five Araucaria trees selected at random. Three collection methods were tested: application of dilute Formol (0.5%) to the soil surface, handsorting of small (25 ´ 25 cm) or large (40´ 40 cm) monoliths. Five earthworm species were found: the native Glossoscolex sp.1, Glossoscolex sp.2, Glossoscolex bondari and Urobenus brasiliensis (Glossoscolecidae), and the exotic Amynthas corticis (Megascolecidae). Formol was more efficient for collecting A. corticis, found in much higher abundance and biomass in NF than in the other areas. Larger handsorted samples were more efficient for capturing Glossoscolex species, mainly present in RF and NPF. For adequate characterization of earthworm abundance and biomass in these Araucaria forests, both the Formol and the larger monolith methods are recommended.
Genetic variability in natural populations of Zeyheria montana mart. from the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Bertoni Bianca Waléria , Astolfi Filho Spartaco , Martins Ernani Ronie , Damião Filho Carlos Ferreira , França Suzelei de Castro , Pereira Ana Maria Soares , Telles Mariana Pires de Campos , Diniz Filho José Alexandre F.
Published: September 2007

Zeyheria montana, an endemic species of the Bignoniaceae family from the Brazilian Cerrado's known for its anti-cancer properties, is widely used as imuno stimulant in the popular medicine and its therapeutic activity must be validated by scientific data. The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability of eight plant populations collected within the state of São Paulo, Brazil, via Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) used as molecular markers. After an optimized protocol for the amplification reaction, nine selected primers generated 105 reproducible bands, indicating up to 60% polymorphism. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed higher genetic variation within populations (84.03%) than among populations (15.97%). The variation values estimated by phiST (0.160) indicated moderate to high inter population structuration. Levels of similarity inter plants with genetic and geographical distances, estimated by the unweighted pair-group method analysis (UPGMA) clustering and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination methods and by the Mantel test (-0.2345 p = 0.118) denoted that the structure found follows the island model, which assumes that a single population of infinite size may have initiated the existing populations of Zeyheria montana, with no spatial position correlation. Based on the obtained data, a germplasm bank from individuals representing the species variability was established. Furthermore the information here reported can be of importance to develop strategies for the conservation of Z. montana.
Permeability - impermeability: canopy trees as biodiversity filters
Authors: Gandolfi Sergius , Joly Carlos Alfredo , Rodrigues Ricardo Ribeiro
Published: September 2007

Each tropical and subtropical forest canopy species may create specific microsite conditions below its crown, which works as a filter for those species that attempt to regenerate below it. In function of the permeability or impermeability level, each canopy species could partially determine a plant community structure and composition beneath its crown projection. Therefore, present and future forest plant community biodiversity could be partially determined by the present structure of the canopy tree species community (filter effect). Some theoretical and practical aftermaths are suggested.
Perspectives on biodiversity science in Brazil
Authors: Scarano Fabio Rubio
Published: September 2007

Biodiversity issues in Brazil have reached a critical point. On one hand, biodiversity science is increasing in quality and quantity, however on the other, habitat destruction in all major biomes still maintain alarmingly high rates. This paradox, from a scientific perspective, has two central tenets that scientists should focus on. First, although science related to biodiversity is of high standard in Brazil as compared to that of peers in the world, it is still not at the leading edge of research. Second, the wealth of information built up by strong research programmes, such as Biota/Fapesp - to which this special issue of Scientia Agricola is dedicated - is beginning to help decision-makers to improve precision and quality of their decisions concerning the environment, but still much is left to be done in this respect. Therefore, I discuss some of the biodiversity issues that remain controversial and demand fast scientific growth. Tackling them Brazil may finally reach the leading edge of biodiversity research. Finally, I discuss how communication between scientists and decision-makers and the general public may be improved, highlighting how a strong education project is urgently needed from kindergarten to graduate programmes in order to solve the two problems above mentioned and definitely crack the paradox biodiversity knowledge vs. biodiversity destruction.
Teorias feministas e representações sociais: desafios dos conhecimentos situados para a psicologia social
Authors: Oliveira João Manuel de , Amâncio Lígia
Published: September 2007

Este artigo visa analisar o contributo das teorias feministas para as epistemologias e práticas metodológicas das ciências sociais, nomeadamente da psicologia social. Partindo da apresentação das propostas feministas da Terceira Vaga para as ciências e da epistemologia dialógica das representações sociais, discutimos as possibilidades de uma conceptualização assente nos conhecimentos situados para o desenvolvimento de saberes científicos emancipatórios. Assim, analisaremos o modo como os conhecimentos situados e os desafios que colocam podem engendrar uma mudança nas práticas científicas da psicologia social e das ciências sociais.
Corpos elétricos: do assujeitamento à estética da existência
Authors: Miskolci Richard
Published: September 2007

A busca da adequação aos padrões de identidade socialmente impostos tem justificado e instituído as mais variadas formas de controle corporal. Há cerca de dois séculos vivemos um processo de contínuo disciplinamento e normalização dos corpos que também tem conseqüências subjetivas, pois a subjetividade está diretamente associada à materialidade do corpo. Assim, a história da criação de corpos e identidades sociais é também uma história dos modos de produção da subjetividade. O texto parte dessa constatação para discutir uma forma de resistência ao assujeitamento: a proposta foucaultiana de uma estética da existência.
Refutações ao feminismo: (des) compassos da cultura letrada brasileira
Authors: Schmidt Rita Terezinha
Published: September 2007

Ao considerar a força do discurso antifeminista no Brasil, examino como esse discurso aparece no âmbito do jornalismo cultural para então tecer algumas relações com a história social brasileira à luz da qual é possível compreender por que o feminismo como práxis transformadora parece tão fora dos hábitos do país. Procuro sustentar meu argumento a partir da leitura de obras de pensadores da história e da cultura brasileiras considerados "de esquerda" ao mesmo tempo em que pontuo os limites de suas análises, ou seja, o silenciamento sobre a opressão das mulheres e questões de gênero. A seguir, examino a persistência de diversas formas do antifeminismo no campo das Letras a fim de compreender o estatuto da crítica feminista no campo dos estudos literários e as razões de sua invisibilidade, com considerações sobre conquistas e limitações de suas práticas.
Pós-feminismo
Authors: Macedo Ana Gabriela
Published: September 2007

Partindo do verbete sobre pós-feminismo do Dicionário da Crítica Feminista (organizado por Ana Gabriela Macedo e Ana Luísa Amaral), proponho a discussão do conceito de pós-feminismo não isoladamente, mas antes por aposição a outros termos e conceitos que de algum modo clarificam a natureza complexa do debate em torno deste termo: contra-feminismo, pós-feminismo, contra-dicção, diferença, imagem, ginocrítica, corpo, ciberfeminismo. Defendo que vivemos no contexto de uma variedade de feminismos plurais, e que o seu discurso oposicional e de resistência é ainda, no mundo de hoje, de total pertinência.
Esbozo de un feminismo latinoamericano
Authors: Femenías María Luisa
Published: September 2007

¿Existe un feminismo latinoamericano? Creemos que sí, y que tienen sus propias raíces y su propio perfil, que abreva de las múltiples corrientes teóricas y filosóficas de los desarrollos actuales del feminismo. Creemos además que la situación periférica del continente le permite tomar y situar diversas lecturas, trazar redes conceptuales y aceptar el desafío de pensar y plantear sus propios problemas. Este artículo pretende dar cuenta de algunos de esos desafíos y recorridos.
Maternidade, cuidados do corpo e "civilização" na Pastoral da Criança
Authors: Anjos Gabriele dos
Published: September 2007

Este texto é uma análise de como a Pastoral da Criança, organismo da Igreja Católica, procura definir identidades femininas pela difusão de práticas relativas ao uso e cuidado do corpo. As técnicas de exame e cuidado do corpo presentes nos manuais da Pastoral da Criança são usadas para desenvolver uma auto-identificação como mãe entre as atendidas e uma identificação das 'líderes' com o papel de educadoras. Este trabalho possibilita à Pastoral da Criança apresentar uma ideologia contraposta aos feminismos e concorrer com estes em fóruns governamentais em que são definidas políticas relativas ao uso do corpo.
Saindo do armário e entrando em cena: juventudes, sexualidades e vulnerabilidade social
Authors: Pocahy Fernando Altair , Nardi Henrique Caetano
Published: September 2007

Este trabalho problematiza as experimentações da sexualidade entre jovens que aderiram a uma ação de saúde no campo das Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis/AIDS, coordenada por uma organização não-governamental atuante na defesa dos direitos humanos e da livre expressão das sexualidades. Tal ação, além de seu caráter de enfrentamento da epidemia, permitiu analisar os modos como os jovens vêm se relacionando com as experimentações da sexualidade em face da homofobia na sociedade brasileira. O estudo é orientado metodologicamente pela perspectiva da pesquisa-intervenção e os seus resultados apontam para alguns limites e possibilidades de intervenção junto ao público juvenil no que se refere ao acesso e produção da cultura da diversidade sexual e para a consolidação dos direitos humanos.