bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(Ban)lieux communs sécuritaires
Authors: Laumonier Jean-Claude
Published: May 2010

Résumé En tant que membre du comité de rédaction de vst , j’ai été profondément choqué par l’éditorial de Serge Vallon (numéro 88), intitulé « Banlieues Ban-lieu », traitant de la révolte des banlieues de l’automne 2005. Même signé, un éditorial engage l’ensemble de la rédaction. L’orientation sécuritaire de cet éditorial me paraît peu compatible avec les principes dont les Ceméa sont porteurs dans le champ de l’éducation, du travail social et du soin.
Traverser les impasses de l'évaluation ?
Authors: Vallon Serge
Published: May 2010

Résumé Peut-on agir sans évaluer son action ? Agir sans vouloir comprendre avant de décider les modifications et les ajustements nécessaires ? Ce serait être d’un empirisme aveugle ; autrement dit, ce serait être idiot. Il y a au moins trois façons d’être idiot : ne rien savoir, croire qu’on sait tout, croire que c’est simple car linéaire et prévisible. L’évaluation rationnelle en travail social et dans le champ thérapeutique devrait se distinguer de ces trois aveuglements qui nous menaçent. Les remarques qui suivent soulignent que ce n’est pas gagné d’avance !
Ouverture du conseil national de l'évaluation
Authors: Vallon Serge
Published: May 2010

Résumé Le conseil a été long à mettre en place, mais il existe et il nous semble important d’en retracer les intentions de travail telles qu’elles ont été définies le 15 avril 2005 par le directeur général de l’action sociale, Jean-Jacques Tregoat, et le président du conseil, Stéphane Paul.
Évaluer en maison de retraite
Authors: Connangle Sylvain , Vercauteren Richard
Published: May 2010

Résumé La grille aggir est fondée sur l’observation de la dépendance d’un tiers pour six actes élémentaires de la vie courante (toilette, habillage, alimentation, hygiène de l’élimination, transferts, déplacements à l’intérieur) ainsi que sur la constatation par l’observateur de problèmes concernant l’orientation dans le temps et dans l’espace, et sur une appréciation de la cohérence des propos et du comportement.
Peut-on innover sans évaluer ?
Authors: Perrouault Dominique
Published: May 2010

Résumé Dans le cadre des secteurs sanitaire, social et médico-social 1 , l’innovation tient essentiellement à la relation qui soutient la prise en charge, par une personne, d’une autre personne. Les aspects matériels qui peuvent y être attachés ne sont alors que des conséquences des choix et orientations établis dans et pour ces prises en charge.
Mélancolie
Authors: Drogou Annick , Pachès Vincent
Published: May 2010

Résumé Il était assis sur un talus au bord de la route. De ce belvédère, il observait des crapauds en réunion secrète ; les mots prononcés étaient inaudibles. Le vacarme était ailleurs et le temps maussade. Qui chantera demain ? Une grenouille se porte candidate, feint d’ignorer le refus puis d’un saut puissant rejoint le petit belvédère et boude. La pluie tombe.
Continuing Education in Informatics Among Registered Nurses in the United States in 2000
Authors: Kleib Manal , Sales Anne E. , Lima Isac , Andrea-Baylon Melba , Beaith Amy
Published: May 2010

Background:

Continuing education is one method for acquiring competency in informatics among nurses. However, little is known about nurses’ participation in continuing education in informatics and the factors or characteristics that motivate them to pursue this type of education. This article identifies the proportion and characteristics of U.S. registered nurses reporting continuing education in informatics in 2000.

Methods:

A secondary data analysis was conducted with data from the National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses. More than 25,000 nurses responded to this survey in 2000. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of reported continuing education in informatics with demographic, educational, and other characteristics of respondents to the survey.

Results:

Of the respondents, 21% reported continuing education in informatics in the year before the survey. The probability of continuing education in informatics increased with Internet access and decreased for nurses working outside hospitals or providing direct patient care.

Conclusion:

Relatively low proportions of registered nurses report continuing education in informatics, but some opportunities exist to increase rates.
Overuse Injuries in Youth Sports: Is There Such a Thing as Too Much Sports?
Authors: Biber Rachel , Gregory Andrew
Published: May 2010

CME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

1.

Define and describe the pathophysiology of overuse injuries in young athletes.

2.

Determine the most common sites of overuse injuries in young athletes.

3.

Identify the most effective assessment and treatment methods for specific overuse injuries encountered in the pediatric athlete.
Rediscovering
Authors: Wiggs Carol M. , Young Anne , Mastel-Smith Beth , Mancuso Peggy
Published: May 2010

The aim of this hermeneutic phenomenological inquiry was to explore the lived experience of aging for late-midlife women via reflective journaling and a photo elicitation interview, and to demonstrate how the creation of a collage allows women to make meaning of the aging experience. Using van Manen’s philosophical framework, four themes were discovered: Invisibility, Conflicted Self, Freedom, and Relationality. Invisibility was expressed by the women as disregard, not being seen by others, or overlooked in daily activities. Conflicted Self involved the conflict between the inner being and the outer physical body. Freedom related to the ability to let go of others’ expectations and allow themselves to be the people they were in their own reality. Relationality was the interconnectedness the women felt with family, friends, and colleagues, and the changes in these relationships. The women’s narratives and collages portrayed a holistic picture of aging, not confined to decline but rather a life of anticipation.
Why Should Older Adults Receive the Shingles Vaccine?
Authors: Harkness Turna LaNeigh
Published: May 2010

This article seeks to educate health care providers in understanding the need for immunization of older adults with the new herpes zoster vaccine, Zostavax
®
. Herpes zoster (shingles) is a painful and disabling condition that can result in significant morbidity, loss of productivity, and decrease in quality of life. Herpes zoster is a reactivation of the varicella zoster virus, the same virus that causes chicken pox. Anyone who has had chickenpox can get shingles. Evidence found in the literature demonstrates that the vaccine prevents shingles in approximately half of adults 60 and older.
Pain Management in Nursing Homes
Authors: Russell Teresa L. , Madsen Richard W. , Flesner Marcia , Rantz Marilyn J.
Published: May 2010

Pain management for older adults residing in nursing homes continues to present multifaceted challenges to health care practitioners and researchers. This study, which focuses on improvement in pain assessment and management, is a secondary analysis of data from a larger study, which used an intervention simultaneously directed at all levels of staff with change in quality measure (QM)/quality indicator (QI) scores to determine improvement in resident outcomes. We anticipated that focused improvement efforts in resident care regarding pain management would be reflected by correspondingly lower QM/QI scores over time. Findings of increased QM/QI scores may be positive in that they may point to increased attention by staff regarding pain management for residents.
Reconstruction of Traumatic Plantar Foot Defects in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Vaienti Luca , Palitta Giovanni , Ravasio Giovanni , Arrigoni Paolo
Published: May 2010

Plantar reconstruction is often challenging for plastic surgeons because of the peculiar anatomical features of this region. A large variety of reconstructive techniques for the plantar aspect of the foot have been described previously, including skin grafts, local flaps, fasciocutaneous flaps, perforator flaps, cross-limb flaps, and free flaps.

This article presents a case of a 64-year-old patient with insulin-dependent diabetes who was involved in a traffic accident that resulted in a large plantar tissue defect (9×4 cm) extending to the base of the toes. After debridement of the wound, a subcutaneous flap was raised from the medial aspect of the lower leg in a sovrafascial plane. The flap was based on a double vascularization given by the great saphenous vein and by the perforator vessels from the posterior tibial artery, located anteriorly and inferiorly to the medial malleolus. The flap showed excellent vitality and long-term result with reduced donor site morbidity. We believe this flap represents a reliable surgical option in superficial plantar defects due to easy harvesting, short operative time, and minimal donor site morbidity. The subcutaneous flap of the distal medial fourth of the leg is a safe technique because of the vascular components of the pedicle. It provides durable coverage, mechanical resistance to pressure and shear stresses and, in selected cases (superficial defects, thin patients), is an interesting option to avoid major free flap procedures.
Chronic Spinal Cord Injury in the Cervical Spine of a Young Soccer Player
Authors: Kato Yoshihiko , Koga Michiaki , Taguchi Toshihiko
Published: May 2010

A 17-year-old male soccer player presented with numbness in the upper- and lower-left extremities of 6 months' duration. He had no apparent history of trauma but experienced neck pain during heading of the ball 5 years prior. A high-signal intensity area was seen on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine. No muscle weakness was observed. Hypoesthesia was observed in bilateral forearms, hands, and extremities below the inguinal region. Plain radiographs in the neutral position showed local kyphosis at C3/4. A small protrusion of the C3/4 disk was observed on T1-weighted MRI. A high-signal area in the spinal cord at the C3/4 level was observed on T2-weighted MRI, but this was not enhanced by gadolinium. Multiple sclerosis, intramedullary spinal cord tumor, sarcoidosis and malignant lymphoma, and spinal cord injury were all considered in the differential diagnosis. However, in view of the clinical, laboratory, and radiological investigations, we concluded that repeated impacts to the neck caused by heading of the ball during soccer induced a chronic, minor spinal cord injury. This contributed to the high-signal intensity change of the spinal cord in T2-weighted MRI. The present case demonstrates that repeated impact may cause chronic spinal cord injury. Soccer, American football, or rugby players presenting with neck or extremity symptoms should not be overlooked for the possibility of latent spinal cord injury, as this could present later development of more severe or unrecoverable spinal cord injuries.
Ipsilateral Floating Second Metatarsal and Ankle Fracture Dislocation: Complications and Outcome of a Rare Type of Injury
Authors: Lasanianos N.G. , Kanakaris N.K. , Harris N. , Giannoudis P.V.
Published: May 2010

Lisfranc fracture dislocations are complex lesions which, when combined with additional trauma of the ankle and foot region, create a difficult to treat injury pattern. This article presents a case of a patient with Lisfranc fracture dislocation combined with metatarsophalangeal dislocation of the second toe and ankle fracture-dislocation.

The sequence of medical acts and complications included: reduction of dislocations, cast immobilization, compartment syndrome and fasciotomies, external fixator application, fasciotomies closure, and final internal fixations. The following examinations were performed: radiography, computed tomography (CT), and intracompartmental pressure measurement.

Despite the compartment syndrome incidence, which was effectively managed, the patient regained an ankle- and foot-pain-free full range of motion. Although this is an isolated case of a rare injury, several recommendations can be made. Early CT scan should be used for injuries of the Lisfranc joints to fully assess the distorted anatomy of the midfoot and forefoot, which is essential for preoperative planning, medicolegal issues, and prognosis of the injury. The use of a spanning external fixator, especially in complex injuries as the one described, should be preferred to cast immobilization and should be performed as a priority surgical procedure early on in the patient's admission. The development of compartment syndrome should be monitored and intracompartmental pressures measured especially in unconscious patients. There should be a high degree of suspicion for early complications in complex fracture patterns, even if the initial clinical assessment is reassuring.
Acetabular Screw Head-induced Ceramic Acetabular Liner Fracture in Cementless Ceramic-on-Ceramic Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Lee Su Chan , Jung Kwang Am , Nam Chang Hyun , Kim Tea Ho , Ahn Nong Kyoum , Hwang Seung Hyun
Published: May 2010

Ceramic liner fractures are rare after ceramic-on-ceramic THA. This article describes a case of an early ceramic liner fracture caused by impingement with a tilted acetabular screw head 2 months after cementless ceramic-on-ceramic THA.

A 59-year-old man underwent primary THA for avascular necrosis of his right femoral head. The implant used was an Osteonics Secur-Fit HA ceramic-on-ceramic bearing system. The metal shell was fixed with 1 cancellous bone screw. During the index procedure, the acetabular screw seemed tilted in the metal shell hole, but the liner was fully seated in the metal shell without difficulty. However, 2 months later he represented due to pain and crepitation in the right hip. Radiographs showed that the ceramic acetabular insert had fractured. At revision, ceramic insert had fractured into large and numerous comminuted fragments, and the acetabular screw head was slightly tilted and protruded over the inner surface of the metal shell, which had worn eccentrically. The ceramic inner head and metal shell were visibly intact. Because the metal shell–bone fixation was firm, a new identical design ceramic liner and head were fitted, and no adverse event has occurred since.

This case suggests that a complete check of the inside of the shell should be made when using an acetabular screw and ceramic liner. In particular, the screw head must not be tilted or left proud of the inside surface of the shell. Correct acetabular screw direction and seating are essential to avoid detrimental clinical consequences.
The Case: Hypothenar Hammer Syndrome
Authors: Taj Sabir , Malamis Angelo P. , Lomasney Laurie M. , Demos Terrence C. , Bednar Michael S.
Published: May 2010

A 40-year-old man who worked as a mechanic presented with intermittent blanching and pain of his fingers that was exacerbated by cold exposure.
Postincident Review of Aggression and Violence in Mental Health Settings
Authors: Bonner Gwen , Wellman Nigel
Published: May 2010

Management of violence and aggression remains a challenge to mental health care practitioners. It has been acknowledged that for a small number of incidents involving aggression, use of restraint will continue to be a method of containing potentially dangerous situations. The impact of being involved in these procedures remains under-researched, but there is growing acknowledgment that some form of postincident review should take place after restraint use. As part of a larger study, a survey design was used to evaluate whether staff (
n
= 30) and inpatients (
n
= 30) had found postincident review helpful after incidents involving restraint. Ninety-seven percent of staff, and 94% of patient participants agreed this approach was useful. This article presents the findings of this survey and discusses the complex factors that should be considered when reviewing the aftermath of restraint for staff and inpatients in acute mental health settings.
Anterior Chamber Depth Measurement in Pseudophakic Eyes: A Comparison of Pentacam and Ultrasound
Authors: Savini Giacomo , Olsen Thomas , Carbonara Claudio , Pazzaglia Sebastiano , Barboni Piero , Carbonelli Michele , Hoffer Kenneth J.
Published: May 2010

PURPOSE:

To compare the anterior chamber depth (ACD) measurements of a Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam, Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) and immersion ultrasound biometry (UltraScan Imaging System, Alcon Laboratories) in pseudophakic eyes.

METHODS:

This prospective, multicenter study included three independent sample groups. The ACD, defined as the distance between the corneal epithelium and intraocular lens anterior surface, was assessed by ultrasound biometry. Two Pentacam ACD measurements were evaluated—the value automatically provided by the internal software and a manual measurement obtained by moving the software calipers on a single Scheimpflug image.

RESULTS:

For the comparison group (12 eyes), no significant difference between the mean ultrasound biometry and mean Pentacam manual measurement (4.51±0.34 mm and 4.50±0.34 mm, respectively,
P
>.05) was noted, whereas the mean automatic value was significantly higher (4.94±0.41 mm,
P
=.0002), as the posterior edge of the anterior chamber is erroneously identified as coinciding with the boundary of the posterior capsule. A strong correlation was found between Pentacam manual measurements and ultrasound biometry (r=0.98,
P
<.0001); this correlation was confirmed by the confirmation group (17 eyes), whose mean values were 4.76±0.39 mm and 4.72±0.37 mm, respectively (r=0.98,
P
<.0001). After merging the data for the comparison and confirmation groups, the difference between Pentacam manual measurements (4.65±0.38 mm) and ultrasound readings (4.63±0.38 mm) was not statistically significant. For the assessment group (15 eyes), relative repeatability and reproducibility of Pentacam manual measurements were 1.17% and 1.59%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

In pseudophakic eyes, the Pentacam provides ACD values that do not statistically differ from those of ultrasound immersion biometry, on the condition that manual measurements are used rather than automatic ones. [
J Refract Surg.
2010;26:341–347.]
Microbial Keratitis After Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segment Implantation
Authors: Mulet M. Emilia , Pérez-Santonja Juan J. , Ferrer Consuelo , Alió Jorge L.
Published: May 2010

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the incidence of acute microbial keratitis after intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation and to investigate whether microbial keratitis is related to the intrastromal corneal ring type or surgical technique.

METHODS:

Intrastromal corneal ring segments were implanted in 212 eyes of 149 patients. Two different types of intrastromal corneal ring segments were used during the study, Intacs and Ferrara rings, and two surgical techniques were used for intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation, manual and femtosecond laser.

RESULTS:

One hundred thirty-four eyes (63.2%) underwent Intacs implantation and 78 (36.8%) eyes received Ferrara rings. Corneal tunnels were created using the manual technique in 119 (56.1%) eyes and by femtosecond laser in 93 (43.9%) eyes. Three cases (1.4%) of acute microbial keratitis were clinically identified. Cultures were positive in 2 eyes and negative in 1 eye, and polymerase chain reaction was positive in all 3 cases. The microorganisms isolated from cultures were
Streptococcus mitis
and
Staphylococcus aureus
. In 2 cases, the femtosecond laser technique was used (1 eye Intacs, 1 eye Ferrara), and in 1 case, the manual technique was used (Intacs). No statistically significant difference was noted between techniques (
P
=.582) or segment type (
P
=1.000). In all cases, intrastromal corneal ring segments were explanted and intensive topical antibiotics were used with clinical success.

CONCLUSIONS:

Acute microbial keratitis incidence after intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation was 1.4%. Gram-positive cocci were the organisms isolated more frequently. Proper management of this condition requires intrastromal corneal ring segment explantation and intensive topical antibiotics. [
J Refract Surg
. 2010;26:364–369.]
Comparing Conventional and Wavefront-optimized LASIK for the Treatment of Hyperopia
Authors: Durrie Daniel S. , Smith Ryan T. , Waring George O. , Stahl Jason E. , Schwendeman Frank J.
Published: May 2010

PURPOSE:

To compare differences in visual outcomes and induced spherical aberration after conventional and wavefront-optimized LASIK for the treatment of hyperopia.

METHODS:

In a prospective, randomized, single-center clinical trial, 51 consecutive eyes underwent LASIK for the treatment of hyperopia. Eyes were divided between groups treated with conventional LASIK with the Alcon LADAR4000 excimer laser (n=25) and wavefront-optimized LASIK with the WaveLight ALLEGRETTO excimer laser (n=26). Refractive and visual outcomes, induced spherical aberrations, and contrast sensitivity were analyzed.

RESULTS:

On postoperative day 1, 20% of eyes treated with a conventional profile had uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 20/20 or better compared to 65% of eyes receiving wavefront-optimized treatment (P=.0011). By 6 months, UCVA was 20/20 or better in 72% and 84% of the conventional and wavefront-optimized treatment groups, respectively (P=.3254). At 6 months, the manifest refraction spherical equivalent was −0.21±0.47 diopters (D) and 0.16±0.27 D (P=.6469) whereas the cylinder was −0.41±0.47 D and −0.17±0.27 D (P=.0332) for the conventional and wavefront-optimized treatment groups, respectively. Induced spherical aberration was −0.54±0.32 µm and −0.42±0.21 µm for the conventional and wavefront-optimized treatment groups, respectively (P=.1195). The respective change in mesopic and photopic area under the log contrast sensitivity function was −0.05±0.29 and −0.05±0.23 for the conventional treatment group and 0.08±0.39 and 0.08±0.41 for the wavefront-optimized treatment group (P=.1970).

CONCLUSIONS:

Wavefront-optimized (ALLEGRETTO) and conventional (LADAR4000) ablation predictably and safely correct low to moderate hyperopia. Wavefront-optimized ablation showed superior results with regards to rapid visual recovery and residual cylinder. Although not statistically significant, a trend towards less induced negative spherical aberrations and improved mesopic and photopic contrast sensitivity was noted with wavefront-optimized treatment. [J Refract Surg. 2010;26:356–363.]
Posterior Chamber Phakic Implantable Collamer Lens: Changes in Vault During 1 Year
Authors: Kojima Takashi , Maeda Masahiro , Yoshida Yoko , Ito Mayuka , Nakamura Tomoaki , Hara Shuya , Ichikawa Kazuo
Published: May 2010

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the changes in vault over time after Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL; STAAR Surgical) posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation.

METHODS:

A total of 36 eyes of 19 patients who underwent ICL implantation were enrolled in the study. Vault (the distance between the back surface of the ICL and the front surface of the crystalline lens) was measured postoperatively using anterior optical coherence tomography. Patients were divided into three groups based on vault (low ⩽0.25 mm, moderate >0.25 to <0.75 mm, or high ⩾0.75 mm).

RESULTS:

Mean vault at 1 year postoperative was 0.53±0.25 mm. The percentages of eyes in the low, moderate, and high vault groups were 13.9%, 72.2%, and 13.9%, respectively. A significant decrease in vault was noted up to 1 month, after which the value stabilized (
P
<.0001). High vault showed a gradual decrease up to 3 months (
P
<.0001), after which the value stabilized. A statistically significant correlation was present between the change noted for vault values during the 1-year follow-up period and those measured for the initial vault on postoperative day 1 (
P
<.0001, r
2
=0.6393).

CONCLUSIONS:

Although values for low and moderate vault exhibited little change after ICL implantation, high vault tended to decrease over time and became stable at 3 months after surgery. [
J Refract Surg
. 2010;26:327–332.]
The Refractive Status and Vision Profile: Rasch Analysis of Subscale Validity
Authors: Gothwal Vijaya K. , Wright Thomas A. , Elliott David B. , Pesudovs Konrad
Published: May 2010

Purpose:

To determine whether the eight subscales of the Refractive Status and Vision Profile (RSVP) questionnaire provide valid measurement.

Methods:

Two hundred patients, recruited from a refractive surgery clinic and general optometric practice, self-administered the 42-item RSVP questionnaire. Psychometric properties investigated included measurement of a single construct (unidimensionality), item fit to construct, measurement precision (represented by person separation), targeting of item difficulty to patient’s quality of life (QOL), and differential item functioning.

Results:

Only two subscales (“concern” and “driving”) showed adequate person separation, indicating that they could discriminate patients’ QOL. However, both demonstrated poor targeting (7.02 logits for “driving” and 1.11 logits for “concern”). One-third of items in each subscale suffered from differential item functioning.

Conclusions:

None of the RSVP subscales are valid for assessment of QOL in patients with refractive error, thereby indicating the RSVP should be considered as a single questionnaire without subscales.
Correction of Residual Refractive Error in Pseudophakic Eyes with the Use of a Secondary Piggyback Toric Implantable Collamer Lens
Authors: Kojima Takashi , Horai Rie , Hara Shuya , Nakamura Hideki , Nakamura Tomoaki , Satoh Yuya , Ichikawa Kazuo
Published: May 2010

Purpose:

To evaluate the feasibility of piggyback insertion with a toric Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL, STAAR Surgical).

Methods:

This study investigated eight pseudophakic eyes of five patients who underwent piggyback insertion of a toric ICL to correct residual refractive error. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and manifest refractive sphere and astigmatism were measured before and 6 months after surgery.

Results:

Pre- and 6-month postoperative logMAR UDVA were 0.759±0.430 and 0.201±0.458, respectively. All eyes were corrected within ±0.50 diopters (D) of intended spherical equivalent refraction. The manifest refractive astigmatism was within ±0.50 D in five (62.5%) eyes and ±1.00 D in seven (87.5%) eyes. No eyes lost more than one line of CDVA. Pupillary block occurred in one eye on postoperative day 1.

Conclusions:

Piggyback insertion of a toric ICL appears to be effective and predictable in correcting refractive error in pseudophakic eyes.
Beyond My Front Door: The Occupational and Social Participation of Adults with Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Price Pollie , Stephenson Stephanie , Krantz Lesha , Ward Kristine
Published: May 2010

This study investigated how individuals in the community 1 to 5 years after spinal cord injury characterized their occupational and social participation, life satisfaction, and aspects of their occupational therapy that influenced their participation. Semi-structured, open-ended interviews were conducted with 11 individuals referred by occupational therapists who specialize in spinal cord injury rehabilitation and/or are regarded as practicing from an occupation-based perspective. Narrative analysis of data revealed that the participants went through an adaptive process, using many strategies to adjust their attitudes about disability, manage identity, participate in the community, and belong socially. Several approaches were used by therapists to promote the individuals' participation in occupations and social life.
Visual Experience During Phacoemulsification-Trabeculectomy Under Peribulbar Anesthesia
Authors: Sathyan Parthasarathy , Venkatesh Rengaraj , Muralikrishnan Radhakrishnan , Eong Kah-Guan Au
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To investigate the subjective visual experience of patients with concurrent cataract and glaucoma during phacoemulsification-trabeculectomy under peribulbar anesthesia.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Consecutive patients with concurrent cataract and glaucoma who underwent phacoemulsification-trabeculectomy under peribulbar anesthesia for the first time were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire between 30 minutes and 4 hours after the surgery. They were asked about their intraoperative visual experiences and their reaction to their visual experience. There was no preoperative discussion with the patients on possible intraoperative visual sensations that they might experience. No preoperative or intraoperative sedation was used.

RESULTS:

Sixty patients with a mean age of 64.8 years (range: 41 to 86 years) were included in the study. Light perception was reported by 73.3% of patients and no light perception by 26.7% throughout the operation. Some patients reported they could also see movements (65%), flashes (53.3%), one or more colors (48.3%), a change in light brightness (38.3%), instruments (8.3%), and/or the surgeon/medical staff (1.7%). Of the 29 patients (48.3%) who saw one or more colors, 18 patients saw yellow, 12 blue, 4 green, 2 orange, and 1 red. One patient (1.7%) found the visual experience frightening and the rest (98.3%) found theirs pleasant.

CONCLUSION:

The majority of patients with concurrent cataract and glaucoma undergoing phacoemulsification-trabeculectomy using peribulbar anesthesia experience a variety of visual sensations, although only a minority was frightened by the visual experience.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:337–341.]
Influence of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty on 24-Hour Diurnal Intraocular Pressure Fluctuation in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kóthy Péter , Tóth Márta , Holló Gábor
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To investigate the influence of selective laser trabeculoplasty on mean diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP) and diurnal IOP fluctuation in primary open-angle glaucoma.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

After washout from intraocular pressure–lowering drugs, a baseline diurnal IOP curve was obtained for 26 eyes of 13 patients before selective laser trabeculoplasty. The IOP curve was repeated at 3 and 6 months.

RESULTS:

In five eyes, office time (8:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m.) IOP decreased by 20% or more. No similar decrease was seen in mean diurnal IOP in any case. IOP-lowering drugs were required for 11 eyes before the 3-month visit. Baseline diurnal IOP was higher for these eyes than for the others (
P
= .002). Compared with baseline values, a significant decrease was seen in mean IOP at the 6-month visit (
P
= .017) and in IOP fluctuation at both visits (
P
< .001 and
P
= .004, respectively) for the eyes without drug treatment.

CONCLUSION:

Although no eyes showed mean diurnal IOP reduction of 20% or more, selective laser trabeculoplasty resulted in a significant decrease in the amplitude of diurnal IOP fluctuation.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:342–347.]
A New, Safer Method of Applying Antimetabolites During Glaucoma Filtering Surgery
Authors: Melo António B. , Spaeth George L.
Published: May 2010

Blebs resulting from glaucoma filtration surgery tend to result in lower intraocular pressure and to be associated with fewer complications when they are diffuse and spread over the globe rather than localized to the area over the scleral flap. One way to achieve this type of bleb morphology is by applying the antimetabolite to a larger area than the one usually used in the past, in which the antimetabolite was placed only over the area of the scleral flap. In this article, the authors present a safe and inexpensive technique, which consists of using sponges with long, colored tails. This allows applying antimetabolite as far under the Tenon's capsule as desired without the risk of losing the sponges in the sub-Tenon's space.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:383–385.]
Simple Maneuver for Unfolding Giant Retinal Tear Inverted Flap Trapped Under Perfluorocarbon Bubble
Authors: López-Guajardo Lorenzo , Benitez-Herreros Javier , Dapena Isabel
Published: May 2010

Inverted retinal detachments secondary to giant retinal tears are sometimes difficult to unfold with the perfluorocarbon (PFC) bubble even after complete epiretinal dissection due to the tendency of the flap to maintain its inverted configuration. The following maneuver has been performed in two cases. After reducing the PFC bubble volume to the level of the border of the flap, the tip of the same perfluorocarbon injection cannula is used to capture the inverted retinal flap with gentle suction. The flap is lifted and brought centripetally to “cover” the PFC bubble and then released by stopping suction. Then bubble volume can be increased to reapply the entire retina, allowing for continuation of surgery. This simple maneuver allows, in one quick surgical step and without the introduction of new instruments, unfolding of persistently inverted giant retinal tears.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:394–396.]
Ig-Free Light Chains Play a Crucial Role in Murine Mast Cell-Dependent Colitis and Are Associated with Human Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Rijnierse Anneke , Redegeld Frank A. , Blokhuis Bart R. , Van der Heijden Maurice W. , Te Velde Anje A. , Pronk Inge , Hommes Daniel W. , Nijkamp Frans P. , Koster Andries S. , Kraneveld Aletta D.
Published: May 2010

Traditionally, mast cells were regarded as key cells orchestrating type I hypersensitivity responses. However, it is now recognized that mast cells are widely involved in nonallergic (non-IgE) chronic diseases. Also, in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a disease not associated with increased IgE concentrations, clear signs of activation of mast cells have been found. In this study, we investigated if Ig-free L chain-induced hypersensitivity-like responses through activation of mast cells could contribute to the pathophysiology of IBD. As a mast cell-dependent model for IBD, mice were skin-sensitized with dinitrofluorobenzene followed by intrarectal application of the hapten. In this murine IBD model, F991 prevented mast cell activation and also abrogated the development of diarrhea, cellular infiltration, and colonic lymphoid follicle hyperplasia. Furthermore, passive immunization with Ag-specific Ig-free L chains (IgLCs) and subsequent rectal hapten challenge elicited local mast cell activation and increased vascular permeability in the colon of mice. Clinical support is provided by the observation that serum concentrations of IgLCs of patients suffering from Crohn’s disease are greatly increased. Moreover, increased presence of IgLCs was evident in tissue specimens from colon and ileum tissue of patients with IBD. Our data suggest that IgLCs may play a role in the pathogenesis of IBD, which provides novel therapeutic means to prevent or ameliorate the adverse gastrointestinal manifestations of IBD.
IL-7–Dependent B Lymphocytes Are Essential for the Anti-polysaccharide Response and Protective Immunity toStreptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Shriner Anne K. , Liu Hongqi , Sun Guizhi , Guimond Martin , Alugupalli Kishore R.
Published: May 2010

Young children are impaired in their response to T cell-independent (TI) Ags, such as pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPS). B lymphopoeisis early in life is IL-7 independent, whereas in adults it is IL-7 dependent. Therefore, we hypothesized that IL-7–driven B lymphopoiesis plays a critical role in promoting Ab responses to TI Ags. Young but not adult mice are impaired in responses to PPS vaccination and to 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl-acetyl-Ficoll, a widely studied model TI Ag, and B1b cells generate Ab responses to these Ags. In this paper, we show that, despite having B1b, B1a, and MZ B cells—all of which are involved in TI responses—young wild-type or adult mice deficient either in IL-7 or in IL-7Rα are severely impaired in anti-PPS responses and do not survive Streptococcus pneumoniae challenge, indicating IL-7–dependent B cells are required for TI immunity. Consistent with this, PPS immunization induced a robust TI response in young IL-7 transgenic mice that was comparable to adult wild-type responses. Moreover, immunized young or adult IL-7 transgenic mice were completely resistant to S. pneumoniae challenge. Our data indicate that activating the IL-7 signaling pathway could restore impaired TI responses in the young.
Distinct Roles of Adenylyl Cyclase VII in Regulating the Immune Responses in Mice
Authors: Duan Biyan , Davis Richard , Sadat Eva L. , Collins Julie , Sternweis Paul C. , Yuan Dorothy , Jiang Lily I.
Published: May 2010

The second messenger cAMP plays a critical role in regulating immune responses. Although well known for its immunosuppressive effect, cAMP is also required for the development of optimal immune responses. Thus, the regulation of this second messenger needs to be finely tuned and well balanced in a context dependent manner. To further understand the role of cAMP synthesis in the functions of the immune system, we focus on a specific adenylyl cyclase (AC) isoform, AC VII (AC7), which is highly expressed in the immune system. We show that mice deficient of AC7 are hypersensitive to LPS-induced endotoxic shock. Macrophages from AC7-deficient mice produce more of the proinflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, in response to LPS. The inability to generate intracellular cAMP response to serum factors, such as lysophosphatidic acid, is a potential cause for this phenotype. Thus, AC7 functions to control the extent of immune responses toward bacterial infection. However, it is also required for the optimal functions of B and T cells during adaptive immune responses. AC7 is the major isoform that regulates cAMP synthesis in both B and T cells. AC7-deficient mice display compromised Ab responses toward both T cell-independent and T cell-dependent Ags. The generation of memory T cells is also reduced. These results are the first to ascribe specific functions to an AC isoform in the immune system and emphasize the importance of cAMP synthesis by this isoform in shaping the immune responses.
Accurate stream extraction from large, radar-based elevation models
Authors: Metz M. , Mitasova H. , Harmon R. S.
Published: May 2010

Abstract. The availability of both global and regional elevation datasets acquired by modern remote sensing technologies provides an opportunity to significantly improve the accuracy of stream mapping, especially in remote, hard to reach regions. Stream extraction from digital elevation models (DEMs) is based on computation of flow accumulation, a summary parameter that poses performance and accuracy challenges when applied to large, noisy DEMs generated by remote sensing technologies. Robust handling of DEM depressions is essential for reliable extraction of connected stream networks from this type of data. The least-cost flow routing method (implemented in GRASS GIS as the module r.watershed) was redesigned to significantly improve its speed, functionality, and memory requirements and make it an efficient tool for stream mapping and watershed analysis from large DEMs. To evaluate its handling of large depressions, typical for remote sensing derived DEMs, three different methods were compared: traditional sink filling, impact reduction approach, and least-cost path search. The comparison was performed using the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar for Elevation (IFSARE) datasets covering Central Panama at 90 m and 10 m resolutions. The accuracy assessment was based on ground control points acquired by GPS and reference points digitized from Landsat imagery along segments of selected Panamanian rivers. The results demonstrate that the new implementation of the least-cost path method is significantly faster than the original version, can cope with massive datasets, and provides the most accurate results in terms of stream locations validated against reference points.
BADA: An advanced aircraft performance model for present and future ATM systems
Authors: Nuic Angela , Poles Damir , Mouillet Vincent
Published: May 2010

This paper gives an overview of Base of Aircraft Data (BADA), an Aircraft Performance Model developed and maintained by EUROCONTROL. BADA is based on a kinetic approach to aircraft performance modelling, which models aircraft forces. The intended use of BADA is trajectory simulation and prediction in Air Traffic Management (ATM) Research and Development and strategic planning in ground ATM operations. BADA is used for various ATM‐related studies which require information on aircraft performances. The paper provides details on the existing BADA family 3 model and the latest achievements in the development of the new BADA family 4 model. Several examples of the applications of using BADA are provided, together with information on how to obtain access to BADA. Copyright © 2010 EUROCONTROL. All rights reserved.
Self‐Oscillating Gels Driven by the Belousov–Zhabotinsky Reaction as Novel Smart Materials
Authors: Yoshida Ryo
Published: May 2010

So far stimuli‐responsive polymer gels and their application to smart materials have been widely studied; this research has contributed to progress in gel science and engineering. For their development as a novel biomimetic polymer, studies of polymers with an autonomous self‐oscillating function have been carried out since the first reports in 1996. The development of novel self‐oscillating polymers and gels have been successful utilizing the oscillating reaction, called the Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction, which is recognized as a chemical model for understanding several autonomous phenomena in biological systems. The self‐oscillating polymer is composed of a poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) network in which the catalyst for the BZ reaction is covalently immobilized. In the presence of the reactants, the polymer undergoes spontaneous cyclic soluble–insoluble changes or swelling–deswelling changes (in the case of gel) without any on–off switching of external stimuli. Potential applications of the self‐socillating polymers and gels include several kinds of functional material systems, such as biomimetic actuators and mass transport surface.
The role of collaborative partnerships in industry innovation: lessons from New Zealand's dairy sector
Authors: Hartwich Frank , Negro Carlos
Published: May 2010

This study analyzes patterns of collaboration in research and development (R&D) for innovation in New Zealand's dairy industry. Based on a survey of agents contributing to industry innovation, it analyzes existing formal and informal partnerships between R&D organizations and the productive sector and the funding schemes that support such partnerships. The findings suggest that New Zealand's dairy innovation system depends on the capacity of a small number of public and industry agents. Government and industry organizations support innovation initiatives through various funding schemes that do not explicitly foster collaboration, and mechanisms that support informal collaboration are underdeveloped. [EconLit citations: O32, Q13, Q16]. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phosphatidylserine exposure and other apoptotic‐like events in Bernard‐Soulier syndrome platelets
Authors: Rand Margaret L. , Wang Hong , Bang K.W. Annie , Teitel Jerome M. , Blanchette Victor S. , Freedman John , Nurden Alan T.
Published: May 2010

In the Bernard‐Soulier syndrome (BSS), the giant platelets are said to have increased phosphatidylserine (PS) surface exposure in the resting state and shortened survival in the circulation. When normal platelets are activated, they undergo many biochemical and morphological changes, some of which are apoptotic. Herein, we investigated apoptotic‐like events in BSS platelets upon activation, specifically, PS exposure, microparticle (MP) formation, cell shrinkage, and loss of mitochondrial inner membrane potential (ΔΨm). Platelets from two unrelated BSS patients were examined in whole blood; agonists used were collagen, thrombin, PAR1‐ or PAR4‐activating peptides (APs), or combinations of collagen with thrombin, and the PAR‐APs. Flow cytometry was used to measure PS exposure (annexin A5 binding), platelet‐derived MPs (forward scatter; events <0.75 μm size), and ΔΨm (TMRM fluorescence). PS exposure was increased on resting and activated BSS platelets, and this was independent of the platelet size. MP formation by BSS platelets was generally enhanced. Cell shrinkage occurred on activation to form smaller, PS‐exposing platelets in BSS and controls. A proportion of PS‐exposing BSS and control platelets exhibited ΔΨm loss, but unlike controls, there was also loss of ΔΨm in the BSS platelets not exposing PS. Thus, BSS platelets undergo apoptotic‐like events upon activation, with PS exposure and MP formation being enhanced. These events may play a role in the shortened survival in BSS, as well as affecting thrombin generation. Am. J. Hematol. 85:584–592, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Psychiatric and behavioral manifestations of lysosomal storage disorders
Authors: Staretz‐Chacham Orna , Choi Jae Hyuk , Wakabayashi Kazuyo , Lopez Grisel , Sidransky Ellen
Published: May 2010

The different lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) manifest with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. Most of these disorders are typically diagnosed early in life, due to the severity of the associated phenotypes. However, it is important to appreciate that some of the LSDs present later in adolescence or adulthood. The diverse findings triggering the initial diagnosis, as well as the range of manifestations arising later during the disease course, contribute to the complexity of these issues. Clinical presentations occurring at a more advanced age, especially psychiatric and behavioral manifestations, can be overlooked or misdiagnosed. This review describes different psychiatric and behavioral manifestations encountered in individuals with LSDs, including psychosis, schizophrenia, mood disorders, aggressiveness, early‐onset dementia, and conduct disorder. Twelve different disorders are presented, including descriptions of their associated biochemical abnormalities, clinical presentations, pathology, epidemiology, and genetics. In addition, discussions of neurocognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric findings are outlined for each disorder. A greater awareness of these features may help to reduce missed diagnoses, to avoid unnecessary, invasive and expensive testing, and to facilitate an earlier detection of these rare disorders. Earlier diagnosis can enable the implementation of appropriate interventions and improve genetic counseling. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Earliest colobine skeletons from Nakali, Kenya
Authors: Nakatsukasa Masato , Mbua Emma , Sawada Yoshihiro , Sakai Tetsuya , Nakaya Hideo , Yano Wataru , Kunimatsu Yutaka
Published: May 2010

Old World monkeys represent one of the most successful adaptive radiations of modern primates, but a sparse fossil record has limited our knowledge about the early evolution of this clade. We report the discovery of two partial skeletons of an early colobine monkey (Microcolobus) from the Nakali Formation (9.8–9.9 Ma) in Kenya that share postcranial synapomorphies with extant colobines in relation to arboreality such as mediolaterally wide distal humeral joint, globular humeral capitulum, distinctly angled zona conoidea, reduced medial trochlear keel, long medial epicondyle with weak retroflexion, narrow and tall olecranon, posteriorly dislocated fovea on the radial head, low projection of the femoral greater trochanter, wide talar head with a greater rotation, and proximodistally short cuboid and ectocuneiform. Microcolobus in Nakali clearly differs from the stem cercopithecoid Victoriapithecus regarding these features, as Victoriapithecus is postcranially similar to extant small‐sized terrestrial cercopithecines. However, degeneration of the thumb, a hallmark of modern colobines, is not observed, suggesting that this was a late event in colobine evolution. This discovery contradicts the prevailing hypothesis that the forest invasion by cercopithecids first occurred in the Plio‐Pleistocene, and shows that this event occurred by the late Miocene at a time when ape diversity declined. Am J Phys Anthropol 143:365‐382, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.