bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A configurational approach to the intended use of IPO proceeds and performance
Authors: Tupper Christina , Mallon Mark
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The authors seek an answer to the research question: how do the disclosure of the intended use of initial public offering (IPO) proceeds and firm characteristics jointly influence IPO performance?

Design/methodology/approach

Data on the use of proceeds, firm age, size, high- or low-tech industry, and the length of the use of proceeds section were collected from 341 IPOs in the USA, UK, and Hong Kong. Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis was used to predict which configurations of IPO use of proceeds and firm characteristics consistently led to above-average IPO performance.

Findings

Ten configurations of causal factors were found to lead to above-average IPO performance. Disclosure of IPO proceeds use matters for IPO performance but is contingent on firm characteristics. Whether a firm is in a high- or low-technology industry along with its size and age have distinct effects on which intended uses of proceeds are beneficial and how long their intended proceeds section must be to lead to above-average IPO performance.

Originality/value

These findings contribute to a multidimensional view of IPO performance. The authors use information processing and a management perspective to see how the use of proceeds sections help frame an IPO’s equity story. The use of a configurational methodology and a management perspective shows how IPOs can be viewed as a bundle of attributes.
Does mandatory CSR expenditure regulation matter to promoters? Empirical evidence from India
Authors: Kumar Satish , Singh Geeta
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the relation between promoter ownership (PO) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) expenditure in India, the first country to legally mandate the CSR spending.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper applies panel regression to examine the impact of PO on actual and excess CSR expenditure because panel regression has lesser multicollinearity problems and has the benefit of controlling for individual or time heterogeneity mostly present in cross-section or time series data. The results are robust to testing the CSR expenditure decision (to engage or not to engage in CSR) by using the binary choice logit model.

Findings

Based on the agency theory, this study shows a nonlinear relation between PO and CSR expenditure, which suggests that promoters start extracting private benefits of control at the expense of outside shareholders and engage in lesser CSR expenditure only when their ownership crosses a threshold level of 52% approximately. This study further shows that the nonlinear relation between PO and CSR expenditure is more pronounced for firms that are more prone to agency problems, for business group firms than standalone firms and for firms not following the Companies Act 2013 CSR mandate.

Practical implications

The findings shed light at the idea of how promoters’ incentive alignment should be proposed and followed to encourage a firm’s social investment activities.

Originality/value

First, this study argues that the relation between PO and CSR expenditure is nonlinear in nature, by showing that the impact of PO on CSR expenditure is adverse only at higher level of PO. Second, this study’s richer data set on CSR expenditure not only allows the authors to analyze the relation for actual CSR spending by the firms but also helps to examine the excess spending made over and above the mandatory spending, as directed by the Companies Act, 2013.
Moderated-mediation between ethical leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: the role of psychological empowerment and high performance managerial practices
Authors: Sarwar Nimra , Haider Sajid , Akhtar Muhammad Hanif , Bakhsh Khuda
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine moderated-mediation between ethical leadership (EL) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Specifically, a moderating effect of high performance managerial practices (HPMPs) on the indirect effect of EL on OCB through employees’ psychological empowerment (PE) was tested.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 267 bank employees including subordinates and their supervisors. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used for data analysis.

Findings

The results indicate that PE mediates the relationship between EL and OCB, and HPMPs enhance OCB by increasing the effect of EL on employees’ PE.

Research limitations/implications

This study contributes to human resource management and leadership literature by explaining the moderated-mediation mechanisms between EL and OCB. The findings help to understand how HPMPs enhance employees’ OCB by strengthening the effect of EL on PE. Limitations are related to external validity and cross-sectional nature of data.

Practical implications

Organizations’ use of HPMPs makes ethical leaders more effective in enhancing employees’ PE and, subsequently, their OCB.

Originality/value

Previous research lacks evidence on the indirect effect of EL on employee OCB through PE. Moreover, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no previous study has examined the moderating effect of HPMPs on the abovementioned indirect relationship. This study has addressed the abovementioned research gap.
Predictors of public support for police accreditation
Authors: Abner Gordon
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This study aims to identify the predictors of public support for police accreditation under four different scenarios that vary based upon whether or not accreditation requires a property tax increase and whether or not local police support accreditation.

Design/methodology/approach

This study draws upon survey data from 998 US adults. Four binary logistic models are employed to assess support for accreditation under four different scenarios.

Findings

Individual-level factors, including age, education, race, region, generalized trust, political ideology, and volunteer experience, are important predictors of support for police accreditation depending on the scenario presented. Community-level factors including perceptions of police performance and perceptions of property taxes are also important predictors of support for police accreditation depending on the scenario presented. Support for police accreditation is highest when police accreditation does not require a property tax increase and when local police support accreditation. Sixty-six percent of respondents support police accreditation under this scenario.

Originality/value

This article represents the first published study on the predictors of support for police accreditation. The findings from this study have important implications for implementing police reform given recent calls by activists to both reform the police and to defund them.
Corporate philanthropy and firm performance: the role of corporate strategies
Authors: Cha Wonsuk , Rew Dongjun , Jung Joo
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to empirically explore the interaction between corporate philanthropy and firm performance through the mechanism of corporate strategies, such as unrelated diversification and global strategic posture (GSP).

Design/methodology/approach

A theoretical framework was developed based on institutional theory to argue that GSP can play an important mediating role in the relationship between corporate philanthropy and firm performance. PROCESS macro for SPSS and SAS to test a mediation was conducted using data from 115 publicly traded US firms between 2010 and 2017.

Findings

This study verified that GSP acts as an indirect mediator that influences the relationship between corporate philanthropy and firm performance. However, unrelated diversification was not found to be a mediator of that relationship.

Research limitations/implications

This study has extended the current understanding of institutional theory to explain the relationship between corporate philanthropy and corporate strategies.

Practical implications

This study helps to provide corporate managers with a promising notion that corporate philanthropy can help firms with market entry strategies.

Originality/value

This study helps to provide empirical evidence on the relationships among corporate philanthropy, corporate strategies and firm performance. Specifically, the finding of this study indicates strategic conditions under which the firm’s philanthropic efforts are more likely to influence firm performance.
Does ICT diffusion contribute to women's political empowerment in Africa?
Authors: Ongo Nkoa Bruno Emmanuel , Song Jacques Simon , Onguene Belomo Marie Laure
Published: July 2022

In this article we investigate the effects of information and communication technologies (ICT) on women's political empowerment (WPE) from a sample of 51 African countries. We specify and estimate a panel data model by using the ordinary least squares (OLS) and two‐stage least squares (2SLS) over the period 1996–2017. The results show that ICT diffusion, measured by mobile phone and internet penetration, significantly increases WPE. This suggests an improvement of the institutional framework governing the use of ICT for a better WPE.
International organisations as ‘custodians’ of the sustainable development goals? Fragmentation and coordination in sustainability governance
Authors: van Driel Melanie , Biermann Frank , Kim Rakhyun E. , Vijge Marjanneke J.
Published: July 2022

It is widely assumed that the fragmentation of global governance can affect coordination efforts among international institutions and organisations. Yet, the precise relationship between the fragmentation of global governance and the extent to which international organisations coordinate their activities remains underexplored. In this article, we offer new empirical evidence derived from the so‐called custodianship arrangements in which numerous international organisations have been mandated to coordinate data collection and reporting for 231 indicators of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These complex custodianship arrangements provide a fertile testing ground for theories on the relationship between fragmentation and coordination because the institutional arrangements for each of the 17 SDGs have emerged bottom–up with varying degrees of fragmentation. Through a comparative approach covering 44 custodian agencies and focusing on the most and least fragmented custodianship arrangements, we make three key contributions. First, we offer a novel operationalisation of institutional fragmentation and coordination. Second, we present empirical evidence in support of the claim that fragmentation negatively affects coordination. Third, we provide nuances to this claim by identifying factors that affect the strength of this relationship. Based on our analysis, we suggest further steps that might facilitate coordination in global sustainability governance.
Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma treated with immunotherapy: A case report and literature review
Authors: Archwamety Anita , Ruangchira‐urai Ruchira , Akewanlop Charuwan , Korphaisarn Krittiya
Published: July 2022

Here, we report a case of metastatic Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐related primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma (PPLELC) in a young, nonsmoking female who responded well to treatment with two types of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This is the first case report of a favorable outcome to ICIs in the late‐line treatment of advanced PPLELC patients with programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression.
Germany: Political Developments and Data in 2021
Authors: ANGENENDT MICHAEL , KINSKI LUCY
Published: July 2022

Against the background of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the federal parliamentary election as well as five regional elections in Baden‐Württemberg, Rhineland‐Palatinate, Saxony‐Anhalt, Mecklenburg‐Western Pomerania and Berlin were held in Germany in 2021. For the first time, Germany is now governed by a so‐called traffic light coalition of the Social Democrats (SPD), the Greens and the Free Democrats (FDP). After 16 years of Angela Merkel's (CDU) chancellorship, Olaf Scholz (SPD) became the new Chancellor. The issue of climate change gained particular traction in the election campaign after devastating floods hit Rhineland‐Palatinate and North Rhine‐Westphalia in July. In April, the Federal Constitutional Court had ruled the Climate Protection Act not to be far‐reaching enough to protect the rights of future generations, calling for a revision that the outgoing governing coalition completed in June.
Does information asymmetry predict audit fees?
Authors: Frino Alex , Palumbo Riccardo , Rosati Pierangelo
Published: July 2022

This study investigates whether and how information asymmetry in the stock market affects the quantum of audit fees paid by auditees. It is based on a sample of 218 US publicly traded companies and adopts two well‐established proxies for information asymmetry, namely bid‐ask spread (BAS) and probability of informed trading (PIN). Empirical results provide evidence that, after controlling for all main audit fees determinants, information asymmetry is positively related to the quantum of audit fees paid. Overall, evidence supports the contention that less transparent companies convey higher audit risk, and therefore auditors require higher compensation.
Childhood symptoms of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and borderline personality disorder
Authors: Tiger Annika , Ohlis Anna , Bjureberg Johan , Lundström Sebastian , Lichtenstein Paul , Larsson Henrik , Hellner Clara , Kuja‐Halkola Ralf , Jayaram‐Lindström Nitya
Published: July 2022

Objective

Childhood attention‐deficit /hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is known to be associated with adult Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). We investigated if any of the subdimensions of childhood ADHD, that is, impulsivity, inattention, or hyperactivity was more prominent in this association.

Methods

In a nation‐wide cohort (N = 13,330), we utilized parent reported symptoms of childhood ADHD and clinically ascertained adult BPD diagnoses. The summed total scores of ADHD symptoms and its three subdimensions were used and standardized for effect size comparison. Associations were analyzed using Cox regression with sex and birth‐year adjustments. Secondary outcomes were BPD‐associated traits (i.e., self‐harm and substance use) analyzed using logistic‐ and linear regression respectively.

Results

ADHD symptom severity was positively associated with BPD with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.47 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–1.79) per standard deviation increase in total ADHD symptoms. Impulsivity was the most prominent subdimension with the only statistically significant association when analyzed in a model mutually adjusted for all ADHD subdimensions—HR for inattention: 1.15 (95% CI: 0.85–1.55), hyperactivity: 0.94 (95% CI: 0.69–1.26), impulsivity: 1.46 (95% CI: 1.12–1.91). In secondary analyses, weak positive associations were seen between total ADHD symptom score and self‐harm and substance use. In analyses by subdimensions of ADHD, associations were weak and most prominent for inattention in the model with self‐harm.

Conclusion

Childhood ADHD symptoms were associated with subsequent development of BPD diagnosis and appeared to be driven primarily by impulsivity. Our findings are important for understanding the association between childhood symptoms of ADHD and subsequent BPD.
Use and outcomes from neoadjuvant chemotherapy in borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in an Australasian population
Authors: Walpole Imogen , Lee Belinda , Shapiro Jeremy , Thomson Benjamin , Lipton Lara , Ananda Sumitra , Usatoff Val , Mclachlan Sue‐Ann , Knowles Brett , Fox Adrian , Wong Rachel , Cooray Prasad , Burge Matthew , Clarke Kate , Pattison Sharon , Nikfarjam Mehrdad , Tebbutt Niall , Harris Marion , Nagrial Adnan , Zielinski Rob , Chee Cheng Ean , Gibbs Peter
Published: July 2022

Background

Use of neoadjuvant (NA) chemotherapy is recommended when pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is borderline resectable

Method

A retrospective analysis of consecutive patients with localized PDAC between January 2016 and March 2019 within the Australasian Pancreatic Cancer Registry (PURPLE, Pancreatic cancer: Understanding Routine Practice and Lifting End results) was performed. Clinicopathological characteristics, treatment, and outcome were analyzed. Overall survival (OS) comparison was performed using log‐rank model and Kaplan–Meier analysis.

Results

The PURPLE database included 754 cases with localised PDAC, including 148 (20%) cases with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC). Of the 148 BRPC patients, 44 (30%) underwent immediate surgery, 80 (54%) received NA chemotherapy, and 24 (16%) were inoperable. The median age of NA therapy patients was 63 years and FOLFIRINOX (53%) was more often used as NA therapy than gemcitabine/nab‐paclitaxel (31%). Patients who received FOLFIRINOX were younger than those who received gemcitabine/nab‐paclitaxel (60 years vs. 67 years, p = .01). Surgery was performed in 54% (43 of 80) of BRPC patients receiving NA chemotherapy, with 53% (16 of 30) achieving R0 resections. BRPC patients undergoing surgery had a median OS of 30 months, and 38% (9 of 24) achieved R0 resection. NA chemotherapy patients had a median OS of 20 months, improving to 24 months versus 10 months for patients receiving FOLFIRINOX compared to gemcitabine/nab‐paclitaxel (Hazard Ratio (HR) .3, p < .0001).

Conclusions

NA chemotherapy use in BRPC is increasing in Australia. One half of patients receiving NA chemotherapy proceed to curative resection, with 53% achieving R0 resections. Patients receiving Infusional 5‐flurouracil, Irinotecan and Oxaliplatin (FOLIRINOX) had increased survival than gemcitabine/nab‐paclitaxel. Treatment strategies are being explored in the MASTERPLAN and DYNAMIC‐Pancreas trials.
From decidualization to pregnancy progression: An overview of immune and metabolic effects of VIP
Authors: Ramhorst Rosanna , Grasso Esteban , Vota Daiana , Gori Soledad , Hauk Vanesa , Paparini Daniel , Calo Guillermina , Pérez Leirós Claudia
Published: July 2022

Background

A tight immune and metabolic regulation underlies the early maternal‐placental interaction to assist the energetic dynamic demands of the fetus throughout pregnancy. The vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) holds biochemical, metabolic and immune properties consistent with a regulatory role during pregnancy.

Aim

Here we overview critical aspects of embryo implantation and placental development with special focus on the immune and metabolic effects of VIP expressed by decidual and trophoblast cells.

Content

During decidualization, endometrial stromal cells undergo reticular stress and trigger unfolded protein response (UPR) that enable expansion of their endoplasmic reticulum and immunomodulatory factor synthesis. These processes appear differentially affected in recurrent abortion and in vitro fertilization failure suggesting their relevance in reproductive pathologies. Similarly, defective placentation associates with altered immune, vascular and trophoblast interaction resulting in complicated pregnancies that threaten maternal and neonatal health and underlie metabolic programming of adult life. We discuss the most recent research on decidual, trophoblast and immune cell interaction on the light of VIP regulation. Its role in decidualization and UPR associated with a sterile inflammatory response and angiogenesis is discussed. Evidence on VIP modulation of cytotrophoblast cell function, metabolism and immune profile is revised as well as the shaping of decidual leukocyte phenotype and function from decidualization to term.

Implications

The broad spectrum of effects of VIP from implantation to term in normal and pathological conditions summarized here might contribute to the identification of novel biomarkers for diagnosis and pharmacological targeting.
Solutions for Surrogacy Validation with Longitudinal Outcomes for a Gene Therapy
Authors: Roberts Emily K. , Elliott Michael R. , Taylor Jeremy M. G.
Published: July 2022

Valid surrogate endpoints S can be used as a substitute for a true outcome of interest T to measure treatment efficacy in a clinical trial. We propose a causal inference approach to validate a surrogate by incorporating longitudinal measurements of the true outcomes using a mixed modeling approach, and we define models and quantities for validation that may vary across the study period using principal surrogacy criteria. We consider a surrogate-dependent treatment efficacy curve that allows us to validate the surrogate at different time points. We extend these methods to accommodate a delayed-start treatment design where all patients eventually receive the treatment. Not all parameters are identified in the general setting. We apply a Bayesian approach for estimation and inference, utilizing more informative prior distributions for selected parameters. We consider the sensitivity of these prior assumptions as well as assumptions of independence among certain counterfactual quantities conditional on pretreatment covariates to improve identifiability. We examine the frequentist properties (bias of point and variance estimates, credible interval coverage) of a Bayesian imputation method. Our work is motivated by a clinical trial of a gene therapy where the functional outcomes are measured repeatedly throughout the trial.
Detecting and managing partial shorts in Cochlear implants: A validation of scalp surface potential testing
Authors: Eitutis Susan T. , Tam Yu Chuen , Roberts Iwan , Swords Chloe , Tysome James R. , Donnelly Neil P. , Axon Patrick R. , Bance Manohar L.
Published: July 2022

Objective

To investigate the value of scalp surface potentials to identify and manage partial short circuits to ground in cochlear implant electrodes.

Design

A retrospective review of patients with suspected partial short circuits.

Main outcome measure

Electrical output of individual electrodes was measured using scalp surface potentials for patients reporting a change in hearing function. Electrical output was compared to functional performance and impedance measurements to determine if devices with suspected partial short circuits were experiencing a decrease in performance as a result of reduced electrical output. Electrical output was checked in an artificial cochlea for two implants following explant surgery to confirm scalp surface potential results.

Results

All patients with suspected partial short circuits (n = 49) had reduced electrical output, a drop in impedances to approximately ½ of previously stable measurements or to below 2 kΩ, an atypical electrical field measurement (EFI) and a decline in hearing function. Only devices with an atypical EFI showed reduced electrical output. Results of scalp based surface potentials could be replicated in an artificial cochlea following explantation of the device. All explant reports received to date (n = 42) have confirmed partial short circuits, with an additional four devices failing integrity tests.

Conclusion

Surface potential measurements can detect partial shorts and had 100% correlation with atypical EFI measurements, which are characteristic of a partial short to ground in this device. Surface potentials can help determine the degree to which the electrode array is affected, particularly when behavioural testing is limited or not possible.
Linking evolutionary dynamics to species extinction for flowering plants in global biodiversity hotspots
Authors: Fu Quansheng , Huang Xianhan , Li Lijuan , Jin Yi , Qian Hong , Kuai Xinyuan , Ye Yaojun , Wang Hengchang , Deng Tao , Sun Hang
Published: July 2022

Aim

Biodiversity hotspots are regions with the highest species richness, and the most threatened species. Previous studies have shown that the extinction risk may be more related to evolutionary history than to species' traits. However, there is a knowledge gap on the relationship between evolutionary history and species extinction risk in biodiversity hotspots. Here, we link evolutionary history to species extinction risk for flowering plants (angiosperms) in global biodiversity hotspots.

Location

Global biodiversity hotspots.

Methods

We calculated historical evolutionary measures (family species richness, family age, family diversification rate and the ratio of crown age to stem age) of angiosperms from 36 global biodiversity hotspots, which were grouped into 27 regions. Bayesian binomial‐logit univariate and multivariable regression models in conjunction with phylogenetic control and null models were used to identify the evolutionary history predictors of extinction risk for the 27 regions as a whole and for each of the regions.

Results

Family species richness, family age and family diversification rate are all good indicators for predicting extinction risk. Specifically, when all the 27 regions were considered as a whole, families with higher species richness, older age and/or faster diversification rates have a higher risk of species extinction. However, high extinction risk in some regions, especially in temperate regions, tends to occur in families with low species richness and low diversification rates.

Main conclusions

Geographic origin and evolutionary history of species should be jointly taken into account in conservation planning. In general, protection priority should be given to families with high species richness, ancient origins and fast diversification rate because these families seem to be prone to higher extinction risk. Additionally, different strategies should be applied to protect biodiversity in temperate versus tropical regions given that factors affecting extinction risk are different between these regions.
Niemann–Pick type C disease as proof‐of‐concept for intelligent biomarker panel selection in neurometabolic disorders
Authors: Papandreou Apostolos , Doykov Ivan , Spiewak Justyna , Komarov Nikita , Habermann Stephanie , Kurian Manju A. , Mills Philippa B. , Mills Kevin , Gissen Paul , Heywood Wendy E. ,   Clinical cohort recruitment and characterization group
Published: July 2022

Aim

Using Niemann–Pick type C disease (NPC) as a paradigm, we aimed to improve biomarker discovery in patients with neurometabolic disorders.

Method

Using a multiplexed liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry dried bloodspot assay, we developed a selective intelligent biomarker panel to monitor known biomarkers N‐palmitoyl‐O‐phosphocholineserine and 3β,5α,6β‐trihydroxy‐cholanoyl‐glycine as well as compounds predicted to be affected in NPC pathology. We applied this panel to a clinically relevant paediatric patient cohort (n = 75; 35 males, 40 females; mean age 7 years 6 months, range 4 days–19 years 8 months) presenting with neurodevelopmental and/or neurodegenerative pathology, similar to that observed in NPC.

Results

The panel had a far superior performance compared with individual biomarkers. Namely, NPC‐related established biomarkers used individually had 91% to 97% specificity but the combined panel had 100% specificity. Moreover, multivariate analysis revealed long‐chain isoforms of glucosylceramide were elevated and very specific for patients with NPC.

Interpretation

Despite advancements in next‐generation sequencing and precision medicine, neurological non‐enzymatic disorders remain difficult to diagnose and lack robust biomarkers or routine functional testing for genetic variants of unknown significance. Biomarker panels may have better diagnostic accuracy than individual biomarkers in neurometabolic disorders, hence they can facilitate more prompt disease identification and implementation of emerging targeted, disease‐specific therapies.

What this paper adds

Intelligent biomarker panel design can help expedite diagnosis in neurometabolic disorders.

In Niemann–Pick type C disease, such a panel performed better than individual biomarkers.

Biomarker panels are easy to implement and widely applicable to neurometabolic conditions.
Accelerometer‐measured physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep in children with cerebral palsy and their adherence to the 24‐hour activity guidelines
Authors: Hulst Raquel Y. , Gorter Jan Willem , Obeid Joyce , Voorman Jeanine M. , van Rijssen Ilse M. , Gerritsen Anke , Visser‐Meily Johanna M. A. , Pillen Sigrid , Verschuren Olaf
Published: July 2022

Aim

To measure and describe the 24‐hour activities (i.e. physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep) and to examine adherence to the 24‐hour activity guidelines among children with cerebral palsy (CP) using actigraphy.

Method

Children's 24‐hour activities were recorded over 7 days using hip‐ and wrist‐worn ActiGraph wGT3X‐BT accelerometers.

Results

In total, 362 days and 340 nights from 54 children with CP (Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] levels I–III; 44% females; median age [range] 6 years 6 months [3–12 years]) were included. Mean (SD) daily wear time was 746.2 (48.9) minutes, of which children spent on average 33.8% in light physical activity (251.6 [58.7] minutes per day), 5.2% in moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (38.5 [20.1] minutes per day), and the remaining 61.1% being sedentary (456.1 [80.4] minutes per day). Physical activity decreased while sedentary behavior increased with increasing GMFCS level. In total, 13% of all children met the physical activity recommendations, and 35% met the age‐appropriate sleep duration recommendation. The proportion of children meeting the combined 24‐hour guidelines for physical activity and sleep was low (5.9%), especially in those classified in GMFCS level III (0%).

Interpretation

The observed low 24‐hour guideline adherence rates emphasize the importance of considering the entire continuum of movement behaviors in the care of children with CP, in efforts to promote healthy lifestyle behaviors and prevent negative health outcomes.
Factors controlling the effects of mutualistic bacteria on plants associated with fungi
Authors: Bastías Daniel A. , Applegate Emma R. , Johnson Linda J. , Card Stuart D.
Published: July 2022

Plants interacting with mutualistic fungi (MF) or antagonistic fungi (AF) can form associations with bacteria. We assessed whether the performance gain conferred by mutualistic bacteria to fungal‐associated plants is affected by the interaction between symbiont traits, type of bacterial‐protective traits against AF and abiotic/biotic stresses. Results showed that (A) performance gain conferred by bacteria to MF‐associated plants was greater when symbionts promoted distinct rather than similar plant functions, (B) bacterial‐based alleviation of the AF's negative effect on plants was independent of the type of protective trait, (C) bacteria promoted a greater performance of symbiotic plants in presence of biotic, but not abiotic, stress compared to stress‐free situations. The plant performance gain was not affected by any fungal‐bacterial trait combination but optimised when bacteria conferred resistance traits in biotic stress situations. The effects of bacteria on fungal‐associated plants were controlled by the interaction between the symbionts' functional traits and the relationship between bacterial traits and abiotic/biotic stresses.
S‐shaped and V‐shaped binary African vulture optimization algorithm for feature selection
Authors: Balakrishnan Kulandaivel , Dhanalakshmi Ramasamy , Seetharaman Gopalakrishnan
Published: July 2022

The African vulture optimization algorithm (AVOA) is a recently developed metaheuristic algorithm that imitates the eating and movement patterns of authentic African vultures. AVOA is developed to address the continuous optimization problem. However, AVOA is unable to solve the discrete search space, this inspires us to develop the binary AVOA for feature selection problems in classification tasks. The suggested BAVOA incorporates an eight‐transfer function (S‐shaped and V‐shaped) for transforming a continuous variable to a binary one. Using 14 benchmark data sets, the proposed technique is compared against 15 conventional binary metaheuristics algorithms in terms of classification accuracy, fitness function, number of selected features and converging ability. Furthermore, the results are statistically analysed using Wilcoxon test. The comparative findings of S‐Shaped and V‐shaped transfer functions indicate the superior performance of BAVOA methods, particularly S2‐BAVOA, in contrast to other transfer function. Based on results, it turns out that the suggested technique converges to the global minimum in several iterations based on the selection of optimal characteristics, fitness values and higher classification accuracy as compared to the classical binary metaheuristic algorithms.
Multi‐objective memetic approach for the optimal web services composition
Authors: Azouz Yacine , Boughaci Dalila
Published: July 2022

Service composition is the process of combining a set of elementary or atomic services. The aim is to produce a new composite service to satisfy the user's request that cannot be satisfied by the atomic services. Combining multiple services is a complex problem that has been the subject of several research studies. The meta‐heuristic approaches are good techniques that have been used to solve several complex problems in various domains. These techniques are able to discover promising search regions and locate good quality solutions in reasonable time without exploring the whole solution space. In this paper, we deal with the problem of optimal web service composition by using meta‐heuristic approaches. Given a set of services and a set of tasks to be completed, the problem is to find the best set of services composition to complete all tasks where each service must be assigned to a given task. This problem can be modelled as a combinatorial optimization problem with a set of objective functions that need to be optimized. We search for a composite service that allows us to execute the considered tasks and offers the best quality of services (QoS). More precisely, we search for an execution plan that indicates for each task the assigned service. First, we propose a multi‐objective local search based meta‐heuristic (MO‐LS) and a multi‐objective genetic algorithm (MO‐GA) to handle our problem. Then we propose a multi‐objective memetic algorithm (MO‐MA) that combines the two methods LS and GA. The role of GA is to detect promising regions to be explored. The role of LS is to exploit efficiently the potential regions created by GA. Four objective functions are used to compute the Pareto optimal set of solutions. The main objective is to minimize cost and time and to maximize availability and reputation and produce a good composite service. The three proposed approaches namely MO‐LS, MO‐GA, and MO‐MA are evaluated on some datasets generated randomly and on the well‐known QWS dataset to select the best fit services in terms of maximum or minimum aggregated end‐to‐end QoS parameters. The numerical results are encouraging and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed MO‐MA for the web service composition.
A case study: A technological insight on teaching translation
Authors: Pardo‐Ballester Cristina
Published: July 2022

This case study examines an online introductory Spanish‐English translation course focused on learning Spanish through machine translation. Fifty‐three Spanish learners were guided by their teacher to rethink, reflect, and interpret what Google Translate offered. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of learners' reports and teacher feedback revealed that the evaluative task design led to (a) high percentages of learners' interlinguistic and intercultural awareness and (b) translation methods awareness for more than half of the learners. Participants' responses to a literary translation assignment were explored through teacher scaffolding for learners to understand how to differentiate lexical to phrasal levels in a text, with the aim to translate also the style of the source text for the American audience. Pedagogical implications will be shared on how a teacher‐learner approach on translation tasks prepared students for the language awareness learning process.
Gender‐just language teaching and linguistic competence development
Authors: Knisely Kris Aric
Published: July 2022

Within a broad turn toward identity‐focused pedagogies, educators are increasingly recognizing the critical impetus to engage with gender in expansive and inclusive ways. However, challenges persist. Often inadequate supports are exacerbated by a lack of empirical investigations into whether and how gender‐just language teaching may contribute to student learning. Thus, very little is known about how this ethical imperative interfaces with linguistic outcomes. To respond, this study analyzed linguistic accuracy and complexity in assignment data from 112 US undergraduate students enrolled in one of three iterations of an intermediate French course, which varied in whether and when gender‐just pedagogies were introduced. Results indicated that gender‐just language pedagogies contribute to significantly lower overall mean error rates but do not have a statistically significant relationship with mean length of utterance. Implications are discussed, including the clear benefit of an early‐and‐often approach to gender justice in the language classroom.
An Examination of the Stochastic Distribution of Spatial Accessibility to Intensive Care Unit Beds during the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Case Study of the Greater Houston Area of Texas
Authors: Park Jinwoo , Goldberg Daniel W.
Published: July 2022

Sufficient and reliable health care access is necessary for people to be able to maintain good health. Hence, investigating the uncertainty embedded in the temporal changes of inputs would be beneficial for understanding their impact on spatial accessibility. However, previous studies are limited to implementing only the uncertainty of mobility, while health care resource availability is a significant concern during the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic. Our study examined the stochastic distribution of spatial accessibility under the uncertainties underlying the availability of intensive care unit (ICU) beds and ease of mobility in the Greater Houston area of Texas. Based on the randomized supply and mobility from their historical changes, we employed Monte Carlo simulation to measure ICU bed accessibility with an enhanced two‐step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method. We then conducted hierarchical clustering to classify regions of adequate (sufficient and reliable) accessibility and inadequate (insufficient and unreliable) accessibility. Lastly, we investigated the relationship between the accessibility measures and the case fatality ratio of COVID‐19. As result, locations of sufficient access also had reliable accessibility; downtown and outer counties, respectively, had adequate and inadequate accessibility. We also raised the possibility that inadequate health care accessibility may cause higher COVID‐19 fatality ratios.
How do dentists perceive portable dentistry? A qualitative study conducted in Quebec
Authors: Fathi Homa , Rousseau Jacqueline , Bedos Christophe
Published: July 2022

Introduction

People with impaired mobility face difficulty accessing dental care. One solution is portable dentistry, which includes delivering dental care in homes or residential institutions. Dentists, however, appear reluctant to offer such services. Our objective was to understand how dentists perceived portable dentistry and potential challenges to its implementation.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative descriptive study based on semi‐structured interviews with a sample of dentists in Quebec, Canada. We employed a combination of maximum variation and snowball sampling strategies to recruit 14 participants. The interviews were conducted and audio‐recorded through Zoom and lasted approximately 40 minutes. After transcribing them, we performed a thematic analysis with a combination of inductive and deductive coding.

Results

Despite perceiving portable dentistry as a valuable practice model, participants showed little interest in adopting this approach, arguing it was not every dentist's “job” to provide portable services. They believed portable dentistry must be financially burdensome and difficult to integrate into their daily work due to lack of time and portable equipment. Accordingly, participants considered it was the duty of governments, professional organisations overseeing dentistry education and practice, and dental schools to develop portable dentistry programs and hire dentists to deliver such services.

Conclusions

To promote portable dentistry, it may be necessary to improve the knowledge and competencies of dentists, but also to challenge their professional identity as well as the current model of dental clinics as the standard of care delivery. To achieve this, we need strong leadership from dental schools, professional organisations and government.
Screening for malnutrition with malnutrition inflammation score and geriatric nutritional risk index in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Deniz Güneş Burcu , Köksal Eda
Published: July 2022

Background and aims

Screening malnutrition, which is the most common complication in hemodialysis patients, is extremely important for these patients. Malnutrition inflammation score (MIS) and geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) are malnutrition screening tests used in hemodialysis patients in recent years. The purposes of this study are to evaluate the nutritional status of hemodialysis patients with different screening tests and to determine the cutoff values for this disease‐specific MIS and GNRI.

Methods

The study was conducted with 194 adult patients including 98 males and 96 females whose mean age was 53.1 ± 10.96. Subjective global assessment (SGA) and MIS tests were applied, and the GNRI value was calculated for screening malnutrition. MIS and GNRI cutoff values were obtained by adopting the SGA scores as a standard and drawing a receiver operating characteristic curve. The tatistical Package for the Social Sciences‐22.0 package program was used in the analysis.

Results

According to SGA, 70.7% of the patients were nourished, 21.1% were mildly‐moderately malnourished, and 8.2% were found to be severely malnourished. The optimal cutoff value predicted for malnutrition was 6.5 points (94.7% sensitivity and 98.5% specificity) for MIS and 86.0 points (64.9% sensitivity and 62.8% specificity) for GNRI. Based on these cutoff values, 28.9% of the patients were determined to be malnourished according to MIS and 45.4% according to GNRI.

Conclusion

In conclusion, screening tests are very important in the early identification of malnutrition in hemodialysis patients. This study was conducted to evaluate the malnutrition of hemodialysis patients with different screening tests. At the end of the study, the availability of MIS was found to be high in detecting malnutrition in hemodialysis patients because of its high accuracy and sensitivity of MIS. The cutoff points we identified for both MIS and GNRI are thought to facilitate the determination of malnutrition.
Re‐assessing the phylogenetic status and evolutionary relationship of Forest Owlet (Athene blewitti (Hume 1873)) using genomic data
Authors: K. L. Vinay , Natesh Meghana , Mehta Prachi , Jayapal Rajah , Mukherjee Shomita , Robin V. V.
Published: July 2022

Phylogenetic relationships are often challenging to resolve in recent/younger lineages when only a few loci are used. Ultra‐conserved elements (UCEs) are highly conserved regions across taxa that help resolve shallow and deep divergences. We utilized UCEs harvested from whole genomes to assess the phylogenetic position and taxonomic affiliation of an endangered endemic owlet in the family Strigidae, the Forest Owlet Athene blewitti. The taxonomic placement of this species has been revised multiple times. A multigene study attempted to address the question but showed a discrepancy across datasets in its placement of species within the genus Athene. We assembled a dataset of 5018 nuclear UCE loci with increased taxon sampling. Forest Owlet was found to be an early split from the Athene clade but sister to other Athene, consistently across three approaches – maximum likelihood, Bayesian and the multispecies coalescence. Divergence dating using fossil calibrations suggests that the Athene lineage split from its ancestor about 7.6 mya, and Forest Owlet diverged about 5.2 mya. This estimate is consistent with previous multigene approaches and confirms the role of climate‐aridification across the Indian peninsula in species diversification. Despite osteological differences from other Athene, we suggest placement of the Forest Owlet as a member of the Athene to emphasize its evolutionary relationship.
Storing prey in larders affects nestling haematological condition in the Red‐backed Shrike (Lanius collurio)
Authors: Golawski Artur , Kondera Elżbieta
Published: July 2022

Many animals, including shrikes (Laniidae), are known to store food. This behaviour ensures food availability during inclement weather, for rearing nestlings or signalling territory quality. Unlike most other shrike species, which accumulate food before breeding, Red‐backed Shrikes Lanius collurio store food in larders, mainly during the nestling and fledgling periods. If this is an adaptive behaviour, variation in this behaviour should affect either or both the number and condition of nestlings, which may benefit from such larders. We assessed the haematological condition of Red‐backed Shrike nestlings in east‐central Poland in 2021 using a suite of blood parameters relating to sites where shrikes did or did not store food. Haemoglobin concentrations were positively correlated with larders, being significantly higher in nestlings of pairs that stored prey compared with those whose parents did not do so. White blood cell counts were lower in nestlings whose parents kept larders. Red blood cell counts and glucose concentrations in nestlings were not related to whether parents had larders. Food storage probably ensures a more constant access to food, which results in a superior haematological condition in nestlings.
Narrowing the age‐based digital divide: Developing digital capability through social activities
Authors: Zhao Yang , Zhang Tao , Dasgupta Rohit K. , Xia Renpin
Published: July 2022

Healthcare information technologies (HIT) have shown great potential for improving the effectiveness and quality of healthcare services. However, the inequal ability of older adults to use HIT may limit their exploitation of these benefits. To narrow the age‐based “digital divide”, this research further develops the concept of digital capability and emphasises the link between older adults and their social context. Based on a qualitative inductive study of 33 participants, who included Chinese patients and their family members, we generate a novel theoretical model for understanding the process by which social activities may shape older adults' digital capabilities. Based on the model, we suggest two strategies that might encourage older adults to engage with HIT. This research contributes to the information systems (IS) literature by strengthening digital capability as a conceptual lens to investigate individuals' engagement with information communication technologies (ICTs). It also extends research on the social context for ICT use by revealing how social processes at multiple levels influence digital capability development. Finally, this study offers practical implications for governments and private sectors to encourage and promote ICT use by older adults.