bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corilagin in Cancer: A Critical Evaluation of Anticancer Activities and Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Gupta Ashutosh , Singh Amit Kumar , Kumar Ramesh , Ganguly Risha , Rana Harvesh Kumar , Pandey Prabhash Kumar , Sethi Gautam , Bishayee Anupam , Pandey Abhay K.
Published: September 2019

Corilagin (β-1-O-galloyl-3,6-(R)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-d-glucose), an ellagitannin, is one of the major bioactive compounds present in various plants. Ellagitannins belong to the hydrolyzable tannins, a group of polyphenols. Corilagin shows broad-spectrum biological, and therapeutic activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antitumor actions. Natural compounds possessing antitumor activities have attracted significant attention for treatment of cancer. Corilagin has shown inhibitory activity against the growth of numerous cancer cells by prompting cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and augmented apoptosis. Corilagin-induced apoptosis and autophagic cell death depends on production of intracellular reactive oxygen species in breast cancer cell line. It blocks the activation of both the canonical Smad and non-canonical extracellular-signal-regulated kinase/Akt (protein kinase B) pathways. The potential apoptotic action of corilagin is mediated by altered expression of procaspase-3, procaspase-8, procaspase-9, poly (ADP ribose) polymerase, and Bcl-2 Bax. In nude mice, corilagin suppressed cholangiocarcinoma growth and downregulated the expression of Notch1 and mammalian target of rapamycin. The aim of this review is to summarize the anticancer efficacy of corilagin with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms involving various signaling pathways in tumor cells.
Michaelis-Arbuzov-Type Reaction of 1-Imidoalkyltriarylphosphonium Salts with Selected Phosphorus Nucleophiles
Authors: Adamek Jakub , Węgrzyk-Schlieter Anna , Steć Klaudia , Walczak Krzysztof , Erfurt Karol
Published: September 2019

In this study, Michaelis-Arbuzov-type reaction of 1-imidoalkyltriarylphosphonium salts with phosphites, phosphonites, and phosphinites was used in the synthesis of a wide range of phosphorus analogs of α-amino acids such as 1-imidoalkylphosphonates, 1-imidoalkylphosphinates, and 1-imidoalkylphosphine oxides. Large differences were observed in the reactivity of substrates depending on their structure, especially on the type of phosphonium moiety and N-protecting group. The conditions under which the expected products can be obtained in good to excellent yields have been developed. Mechanistic aspects of the transformation have been provided.
Preparation and Application of Bioshell Calcium Oxide (BiSCaO) Nanoparticle-Dispersions with Bactericidal Activity
Authors: Sato Yoko , Ishihara Masayuki , Nakamura Shingo , Fukuda Koichi , Takayama Tomohiro , Hiruma Sumiyo , Murakami Kaoru , Fujita Masanori , Yokoe Hidetaka
Published: September 2019

Scallop-shell powder (SSP) heated at high temperature exhibits high pH and broad antimicrobial activity. Bioshell calcium oxide (BiSCaO) is an SSP composed mainly of calcium oxide. It is poorly water-soluble under alkaline conditions and the generated precipitate can plug spray nozzles. The aim of this study was to establish that BiSCaO dispersion caused no significant CaO loss and plugging of spray nozzles, and to evaluate its deodorization and microbicidal abilities and its ability to reduce the concentrations of NO2− and NO3−. BiSCaO dispersions were prepared by mixing various concentrations of BiSCaO suspension, while phosphate compounds such as Na3PO4, Na2HPO4 or NaH2PO4 and the pH, average diameter, zeta potential, and form of the compounds with cryo-SEM were evaluated. We evaluated deodorization using tainted pork meat and microbicidal efficacy using contaminated suspension with normal bacterial flora. The concentration of NO2− and NO3− after mixing BiSCaO dispersion and pure water containing a high proportion of NO2− and NO3− were measured. BiSCaO dispersion formed with Na2HPO4, whose ratio to BiSCaO was 60%, showed a high pH (>12), a small particle diameter (>181 nm) and was stable for seven days. The BiSCaO dispersion showed higher deodorization and microbicidal activities than SSP-Ca(OH)2, which was mainly composed of Ca(OH)2. BiSCaO, but not SSP-Ca(OH)2, could reduce the concentration of NO2− and NO3− by more than 90% within 15 min. We developed a stable BiSCaO dispersion, and it had high deodorization and microbicidal efficacy. These activities of BiSCaO might result from the high pH caused by CaO hydration and a reduction activity causing active radical species.
Efficient Production of Multi-Layer Graphene from Graphite Flakes in Water by Lipase-Graphene Sheets Conjugation
Authors: Losada-Garcia Noelia , Berenguer-Murcia Angel , Cazorla-Amorós Diego , Palomo Jose
Published: September 2019

Biographene was successfully produced in water from graphite flakes by a simple, rapid, and efficient methodology based on a bioexfoliation technology. The methodology consisted in the application of a lipase, with a unique mechanism of interaction with hydrophobic surfaces, combined with a previous mechanical sonication, to selectively generate lipase-graphene sheets conjugates in water at room temperature. The adsorption of the lipase on the graphene sheets permits to keep the sheets separated in comparison with other methods. It was possible to obtain more than 80% of graphene (in the form of multi-layer graphene) from low-cost graphite and with less damage compared to commercial graphene oxide (GO) or reduced GO. Experimental analysis demonstrated the formation of multi-layer graphene (MLG) mainly using lipase from Thermomyces Lanuginosus (TLL).
Assessing Validity of Self-Reported Dietary Intake within a Mediterranean Diet Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial among US Firefighters
Authors: Sotos-Prieto Mercedes , Christophi Costas , Black Alicen , Furtado Jeremy D , Song Yiqing , Magiatis Prokopios , Papakonstantinou Aikaterini , Melliou Eleni , Moffatt Steven , Kales Stefanos N.
Published: September 2019

Collecting dietary intake data is associated with challenges due to the subjective nature of self–administered instruments. Biomarkers may objectively estimate the consumption of specific dietary items or help assess compliance in dietary intervention studies. Our aim was to use a panel of plasma and urine biomarkers to assess the validity of self-reported dietary intake using a modified Mediterranean Diet Scale (mMDS) among firefighters participating in Feeding America’s Bravest (FAB), an MD cluster-randomized controlled trial. In our nested biomarker pilot study, participants were randomly selected from both the MD intervention group (n = 24) and the control group (n = 24) after 12-months of dietary intervention. At baseline data collection for the pilot study (t = 12-months of FAB), participants in the control group crossed-over to receive the MD intervention (active intervention) for 6-months. Participants in the intervention group continued in a self-sustained continuation phase (SSP) of the intervention. Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), 13-item-mMDS questionnaires, 40 plasma fatty acids, inflammatory biomarkers and urinary hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol were analyzed at both time points. Spearman’s correlation, t-tests and linear regression coefficients were calculated using SAS software. Overall, the mMDS derived from the FFQ was highly correlated with the specific 13-domain-mMDS (r = 0.74). The concordance between the two questionnaires for low and high adherence to MD was high for all the participants in the parent trial (κ = 0.76). After 6 months of intervention in the pilot study, plasma saturated fatty acid decreased in both groups (active intervention: −1.3 ± 1.7; p = 0.002; SSP: −1.12 ± 1.90; p = 0.014) and oleic acid improved in the SSP (p = 0.013). Intake of olive oil was positively associated with plasma omega-3 (p = 0.004) and negatively with TNF-α (p < 0.001) at baseline. Choosing olive oil as a type of fat was also associated with higher levels of plasma omega-3 (p = 0.019) at baseline and lower TNF-α (p = 0.023) at follow up. Intake of red and processed meats were associated with lower serum omega-3 (p = 0.04) and fish consumption was associated with lower IL-6 at baseline (p = 0.022). The overall mMDS was associated with an increase in plasma omega-3 (p = 0.021). Good correlation was found between nutrient intake from the FFQ and the corresponding plasma biomarkers (omega-3, EPA and DHA). In this MD randomized controlled trial, some key plasma biomarkers were significantly associated with key MD diet components and the overall mMDS supporting the validity of the mMDS questionnaire as well as compliance with the intervention.
Expression of Renin-Angiotensin System Components in the Taste Organ of Mice
Authors: Shigemura Noriatsu , Takai Shingo , Hirose Fumie , Yoshida Ryusuke , Sanematsu Keisuke , Ninomiya Yuzo
Published: September 2019

The systemic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an important regulator of body fluid and sodium homeostasis. Angiotensin II (AngII) is a key active product of the RAS. We previously revealed that circulating AngII suppresses amiloride-sensitive salt taste responses and enhances the responses to sweet compounds via the AngII type 1 receptor (AT1) expressed in taste cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the modulation of taste function by AngII remain uncharacterized. Here we examined the expression of three RAS components, namely renin, angiotensinogen, and angiotensin-converting enzyme-1 (ACE1), in mouse taste tissues. We found that all three RAS components were present in the taste buds of fungiform and circumvallate papillae and co-expressed with αENaC (epithelial sodium channel α-subunit, a salt taste receptor) or T1R3 (taste receptor type 1 member 3, a sweet taste receptor component). Water-deprived mice exhibited significantly increased levels of renin expression in taste cells (p < 0.05). These results indicate the existence of a local RAS in the taste organ and suggest that taste function may be regulated by both locally-produced and circulating AngII. Such integrated modulation of peripheral taste sensitivity by AngII may play an important role in sodium/calorie homeostasis.
Face-to-Face and Digital Multidomain Lifestyle Interventions to Enhance Cognitive Reserve and Reduce Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias: A Review of Completed and Prospective Studies
Authors: Bott Nicholas T. , Hall Aidan , Madero Erica N. , Glenn Jordan M. , Fuseya Nami , Gills Joshua L. , Gray Michelle
Published: September 2019

Background: Currently, there is no pharmaceutical intervention to treat or delay pathological cognitive decline or Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Multidomain lifestyle interventions are increasingly being studied as a non-pharmacological solution to enhance cognitive reserve, maintain cognition, and reduce the risk of or delay ADRD. Review of completed and prospective face-to-face (FTF) and digital multidomain interventions provides an opportunity to compare studies and informs future interventions and study design. Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, clinicaltrials.gov and NIH RePORTER) were searched for multidomain lifestyle programs. Studies were included if the program (1) included a control group, (2) included at least 3 interventions, (3) were at least 6 months in duration, and (4) included measurement of cognitive performance as an outcome. Results: In total, 17 multidomain lifestyle programs aimed at enhancing cognitive reserve and reducing risk of ADRD were found. Thirteen programs are FTF in intervention delivery, with 3 FTF programs replicating the FINGER protocol as part of the World Wide Fingers Consortium. Four programs are delivered digitally (website, Web application, or mobile app). Program characteristics (e.g., target population, duration, frequency, outcomes, and availability) and results of completed and prospective studies are reviewed and discussed. Conclusion: This review updates and discusses completed and current multidomain lifestyle interventions aimed at enhancing cognitive reserve and reducing risk of ADRD. A growing number of international studies are investigating the efficacy and utility of these programs in both FTF and digital contexts. While a diversity of study designs and interventions exist, FTF and digital programs that build upon the foundational work of the FINGER protocol have significant potential to enhance cognitive reserve and reduce risk of ADRD.
Techno-Economic Analysis and Physicochemical Properties of Ceiba pentandra as Second-Generation Biodiesel Based on ASTM D6751 and EN 14214
Authors: Jamaluddin N.A.M. , Riayatsyah Teuku Meurah Indra , Silitonga Arridina Susan , Mofijur M. , Shamsuddin Abd Halim , Ong Hwai Chyuan , Mahlia Teuku Meurah Indra , Rahman S.M. Ashrafur
Published: September 2019

Processing biodiesel from non-edible sources of feedstock seems to be thriving in recent years. It also has also gathered more attention than in the past, mainly because the biodiesel product is renewable and emits lower pollution compared to fossil fuels. Researchers have started their work on various kinds of biodiesel product, especially from a non-edible feedstock. Non-edible feedstocks such as Ceiba pentandra show great potential in the production of biodiesel, especially in the Southeast Asia region because the plants seem to be abundant in that region. Ceiba pentandra, also known as the Kapok tree, produces hundreds of pods with a length of 15 cm (5.9 in) and diameter 2–5 cm (1–2 in). The pods consist of seeds and fluff in the surrounding areas inside the pod, which itself contains yellowish fibre, a mixture of cellulose and lignin. The seeds of Ceiba pentandra can be used as feedstock for biodiesel production. The study for Ceiba pentandra will involve techno-economic, as well as a sensitivity analysis. Moreover, the study also shows that the techno-economic analysis of a biodiesel processing plant for 50 ktons Ceiba pentandra with a life span of 20 years is around $701 million with 3.7 years of the payback period. Besides that, this study also shows the differences in operating cost and oil conversion yield, which has the least impact on running cost. By improving the conversion processes continuously and by increasing the operational efficiency, the cost of production will decrease. In addition, the study also explains the differences of final price biodiesel and diesel fossil fuel, both showing dissimilar scenarios subsidy and taxation. Biodiesel has a subsidy of $0.10/L and $0.18/L with a total tax exemption of 15%. The value was obtained from the latest subsidy cost and diesel in Malaysia. Finally, further research is needed in order to fully utilize the use of Ceiba pentandra as one of the non-edible sources of biodiesel.
The Gospel According to Marxism: Zhu Weizhi and the Making of Jesus the Proletarian (1950)
Authors: Wang Zhixi
Published: September 2019

This article explores the integration of Marxism into the Gospel narratives of the Christian Bible in Zhu Weizhi’s Jesus the Proletarian (1950). It argues that Zhu in this Chinese Life of Jesus refashioned a Gospel according to Marxism, with a proletarian Jesus at its center, by creatively appropriating a wealth of global sources regarding historical Jesus and primitive Christianity. Zhu’s rewriting of Jesus can be appreciated as a precursor to the later Latin American liberation Christology.
Urban Water Demand Forecasting: A Comparative Evaluation of Conventional and Soft Computing Techniques
Authors: Oyebode Oluwaseun , Ighravwe Desmond Eseoghene
Published: September 2019

Previous studies have shown that soft computing models are excellent predictive models for demand management problems. However, their applications in solving water demand forecasting problems have been scantily reported. In this study, feedforward artificial neural networks (ANNs) and a support vector machine (SVM) were used to forecast water consumption. Two ANN models were trained using different algorithms: differential evolution (DE) and conjugate gradient (CG). The performance of these soft computing models was investigated with real-world data sets from the City of Ekurhuleni, South Africa, and compared with conventionally used exponential smoothing (ES) and multiple linear regression (MLR). The results obtained showed that the ANN model that was trained with DE performed better than the CG-trained ANN and other predictive models (SVM, ES and MLR). This observation further demonstrates the robustness of evolutionary computation techniques amongst soft computing techniques.
Multiple-Oriented and Small Object Detection with Convolutional Neural Networks for Aerial Image
Authors: Chen Chao , Zhong Jiandan , Tan Yi
Published: September 2019

Detecting objects in aerial images is a challenging task due to multiple orientations and relatively small size of the objects. Although many traditional detection models have demonstrated an acceptable performance by using the imagery pyramid and multiple templates in a sliding-window manner, such techniques are inefficient and costly. Recently, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have successfully been used for object detection, and they have demonstrated considerably superior performance than that of traditional detection methods; however, this success has not been expanded to aerial images. To overcome such problems, we propose a detection model based on two CNNs. One of the CNNs is designed to propose many object-like regions that are generated from the feature maps of multi scales and hierarchies with the orientation information. Based on such a design, the positioning of small size objects becomes more accurate, and the generated regions with orientation information are more suitable for the objects arranged with arbitrary orientations. Furthermore, another CNN is designed for object recognition; it first extracts the features of each generated region and subsequently makes the final decisions. The results of the extensive experiments performed on the vehicle detection in aerial imagery (VEDAI) and overhead imagery research data set (OIRDS) datasets indicate that the proposed model performs well in terms of not only the detection accuracy but also the detection speed.
Dip Filter and Random Noise Suppression for GPR B-Scan Data Based on a Hybrid Method in f - x Domain
Authors: Zhang Xuebing , Feng Xuan , Zhang Zhijia , Kang Zhiliang , Chai Yuan , You Qin , Ding Liang
Published: September 2019

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a close-range remote-sensing tool applied in a great many near-surface projects for engineering or environmental purposes. In GPR B-scans, there may exist a variety of reflections and diffractions that corresponds to different structures and targets in the subsurface media, and the noise is always embedded. To assist in the interpretation, GPR B-scans can be generally divided into two parts according to the dip attribute of the reflections, where the sub-horizontal layers and dipping structures are properly separated. In this work, we extend the f - x empirical mode decomposition (f - x EMD) to form a semi-adaptive dip filter for GPR data. In f - x domain, each frequency slice is decomposed by EMD and reconstructed to form a dipping profile and a horizontal profile respectively, where the reflections at different dips are separated adaptively. Then the noises mixed in the dipping profile are further separated by rank-deduction methods in f - x domain. The above two-step scheme constitutes the hybrid scheme, which can separate the dipping structures, sub-horizontal layers, and most of the random noise in GPR B-scans. We briefly review the basics of the f - x EMD, and then introduce the derived hybrid scheme in f - x domain. The proposed method is tested by the synthetic data, the forward simulation data, and the field data, respectively.
Geometric Aberration Theory of Offner Imaging Spectrometers
Authors: Zhao Meihong , Jiang Yanxiu , Yang Shuo , Li Wenhao
Published: September 2019

A third-order aberration theory has been developed for the Offner imaging spectrometer comprising an extended source; two concave mirrors; a convex diffraction grating; and an image plane. Analytic formulas of the spot diagram are derived for tracing rays through the system based on Fermat’s principle. The proposed theory can be used to discuss in detail individual aberrations of the system such as coma, spherical aberration and astigmatism, and distortion together with the focal conditions. It has been critically evaluated as well in a comparison with exact ray tracing constructed using the commercial software ZEMAX. In regard to the analytic formulas, the results show a high degree of practicality.
Welfare Economic Analysis of Lifting Water Subsidies for Banana Farms in Jordan
Authors: Qtaishat Tala H. , El-Habbab Mohammad S. , Bumblauskas Dan P.
Published: September 2019

Jordan is one of the four driest countries in the world. Due to rapid population growth, water demand distinctly exceeds supply. The tariff to cover operations and maintenance (OM) and depreciation costs will be JD 0.066 per cubic meter (1 JD = 1.41 US$) if billing and collection efficiencies were able to reach 100 percent. The current charges of irrigation water in the Jordan Valley are JD 0.011/M3.This study aims at evaluating the effect of lifting the irrigation water subsidy for bananas in the Jordan Valley on the producers’ income, the consumers’ expenditure, the government’s budget, and Jordanian society. The total area planted with banana trees in 2017 was 1533 ha producing about 73.9 thousand tons of bananas. Previous studies have focused on evaluating the effect of input subsidies on prices and quantities, while in this study we evaluate the monetary effect on lifting these subsidies. A partial market equilibrium model, which evaluates the consumer surplus and producer surplus, was used to analyze the welfare effect of lifting the subsidies for irrigation water for the banana farms in Jordan. All the relevant players in the irrigated banana sector in Jordan were analyzed in this study including: producers, consumers, taxpayers, and society. Welfare economic instruments such as consumer surplus, producer surplus, and economic efficiency have been applied in the analysis. The government revenue will increase during the selected years by JD 3.1 million, JD 4.5 million and JD 3.8 million respectively. The dead weight loss during the three years will be JD 23.2 thousand, JD 44.3 thousand and JD 38.6 thousand respectively.
Agricultural Sustainability: A Review of Concepts and Methods
Authors: Lampridi Maria , Sørensen Claus , Bochtis Dionysis
Published: September 2019

This paper presents a methodological framework for the systematic literature review of agricultural sustainability studies. The framework synthesizes all the available literature review criteria and introduces a two-level analysis facilitating systematization, data mining, and methodology analysis. The framework was implemented for the systematic literature review of 38 crop agricultural sustainability assessment studies at farm-level for the last decade. The investigation of the methodologies used is of particular importance since there are no standards or norms for the sustainability assessment of farming practices. The chronological analysis revealed that the scientific community’s interest in agricultural sustainability is increasing in the last three years. The most used methods include indicator-based tools, frameworks, and indexes, followed by multicriteria methods. In the reviewed studies, stakeholder participation is proved crucial in the determination of the level of sustainability. It should also be mentioned that combinational use of methodologies is often observed, thus a clear distinction of methodologies is not always possible.
Connectivity Study in Northwest Spain: Barriers, Impedances, and Corridors
Authors: Valero Enrique , Álvarez Xana , Picos Juan
Published: September 2019

Functional connectivity between habitats is a fundamental quality for species dispersal and genetic exchange throughout their distribution range. Brown bear populations in Northwest Spain comprise around 200 individuals separated into two sub-populations that are very difficult to connect. We analysed the fragmentation and connectivity for the Ancares-Courel Site of Community Importance (SCI) and its surroundings, including the distribution area for this species within Asturias and in the northwest of Castile and León. The work analysed the territory’s connectivity by using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The distance-cost method was used to calculate the least-cost paths with Patch Matrix. The Conefor Sensinode software calculated the Integral Connectivity Index and the Connectivity Probability. Locating the least-cost paths made it possible to define areas of favourable connectivity and to identify critical areas, while the results obtained from the connectivity indices led to the discovery of habitat patches that are fundamental for maintaining connectivity within and between different spaces. Three routes turned out to be the main ones connecting the northern (Ancares) and southern (Courel) areas of the SCI. Finally, this work shows the importance of conserving natural habitats and the biology, migration, and genetic exchange of sensitive species.
Entrepreneurial Innovation Impact on Recycling Municipal Waste. A Panel Data Analysis at the EU Level
Authors: Banacu Cristian Silviu , Busu Mihail , Ignat Raluca , Trica Carmen Lenuta
Published: September 2019

Based on recent findings of the economic literature on the implications of entrepreneurial innovation for recycling municipal waste, this paper aims to examine the main factors of recycling municipal waste at the European Union (EU) level. In this study, the authors developed a linear regression model to analyze the relationship between business expenditure on research and development (R&D), private investments, gross domestic product (GDP) expenditures on R&D, resource productivity, and environmental taxes on the recycling rate of municipal waste (RRMW). In our analyses, we used data from the Statistical Office of the European Union (EUROSTAT) and five statistical hypotheses were validated through a multiple regression model with panel data using the statistical software EViews 11. The study was conducted in 27 European Union countries between 2010 and 2017. Our results indicate that business expenditure on R&D, private investments, GDP expenditures on R&D, and resource productivity have a direct and significant impact on the RRMW, while environmental taxes have a significant and inverse impact on the RRMW. These findings underline that public policies should be focused on increasing the use of private and public investments on R&D for recycling municipal waste.
Photovoltaic Expansion-Limit through a Net Energy Metering Scheme for Selected Malaysian Public Hospitals
Authors: Amran Mohd Effendi , Muhtazaruddin Mohd Nabil , Muhammad-Sukki Firdaus , Bani Nurul Aini , Ahmad Zaidi Tauran Zaidi , Kamaluddin Khairul Azmy , Ardila-Rey Jorge Alfredo
Published: September 2019

This paper presents an optimization approach in determining the expansion-limit of Renewable Distributed Generation (DG) capacity through a Net Energy Metering (NEM) scheme specifically for selected Malaysian public hospitals. In this study, the total line loss reduction was analyzed and set as the main objective function in the optimization process where an acceptance region for DG extensiveness was proposed via the lower total line loss outcome value. Solar photovoltaic (PV)-type DG unit (PV-DG) was identified as the type of DG used in this paper. Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm was chosen to alleviate such PV-DG optimization. The distribution network uses a bus and line data setup from the three selected Malaysian public hospitals prior to three different levels, i.e., National, State, and District level hospitals. MATLAB simulation result showed the PV-DG expansion capacity towards bigger scale and location bounded by the U-trajectory shape theory which resulted in a contradiction between NEM current maximum capacity requirement and actual PV-DG expansion-limit. These limitations were also found to be different among three different level hospitals, and the expansion-limit was tailored by their own distribution network parameters. Thus, this paper provides technical justification and gives the best option to the renewable energy (RE) developer for more effective PV-DG integration through the utilization of a NEM scheme. The importance of the study is portrayed in-depth towards achieving a more sensible and accurate way of estimating the outcome. This will encourage developers, building owners, and users in participating towards achieving potential benefits both in monetary and power system reliability improvement, specifically for Malaysian public hospital applications.
Prevalence and Correlates of Pre-Treatment HIV Drug Resistance among HIV-Infected Children in Ethiopia
Authors: Tadesse Birkneh Tilahun , Tsai Olivia , Chala Adugna , Chaka Tolossa Eticha , Eromo Temesgen , Lapointe Hope R. , Baraki Bemuluyigza , Shahid Aniqa , Tadesse Sintayehu , Makonnen Eyasu , Brumme Zabrina L. , Aklillu Eleni , Brumme Chanson J.
Published: September 2019

Pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care in resource-limited settings remains a major challenge to achieving global HIV treatment and virologic suppression targets, in part because the administration of combination antiretroviral therapies (cART) is inherently complex in this population and because viral load and drug resistance genotyping are not routinely available in these settings. Children may also be at elevated risk of transmission of drug-resistant HIV as a result of suboptimal antiretroviral administration for prevention of mother-to-child transmission. We investigated the prevalence and the correlates of pretreatment HIV drug resistance (PDR) among HIV-infected, cART-naive children in Ethiopia. We observed an overall PDR rate of 14%, where all cases featured resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs): ~9% of participants harbored resistance solely to NNRTIs while ~5% harbored resistance to both NNRTIs and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). No resistance to protease inhibitors was observed. No sociodemographic or clinical parameters were significantly associated with PDR, though limited statistical power is noted. The relatively high (14%) rate of NNRTI resistance in cART-naive children supports the use of non-NNRTI-based regimens in first-line pediatric treatment in Ethiopia and underscores the urgent need for access to additional antiretroviral classes in resource-limited settings.
Climate Change Made Major Contributions to Soil Water Storage Decline in the Southwestern US during 2003–2014
Authors: Liu Jianzhao , Gao Liping , Yuan Fenghui , Guo Yuedong , Xu Xiaofeng
Published: September 2019

Soil water shortage is a critical issue for the Southwest US (SWUS), the typical arid region that has experienced severe droughts over the past decades, primarily caused by climate change. However, it is still not quantitatively understood how soil water storage in the SWUS is affected by climate change. We integrated the time-series data of water storage and evapotranspiration derived from satellite data, societal water consumption, and meteorological data to quantify soil water storage changes and their climate change impacts across the SWUS from 2003 to 2014. The water storage decline was found across the entire SWUS, with a significant reduction in 98.5% of the study area during the study period. The largest water storage decline occurred in the southeastern portion, while only a slight decline occurred in the western and southwestern portions of the SWUS. Net atmospheric water input could explain 38% of the interannual variation of water storage variation. The climate-change-induced decreases in net atmospheric water input predominately controlled the water storage decline in 60% of the SWUS (primarily in Texas, Eastern New Mexico, Eastern Arizona, and Oklahoma) and made a partial contribution in approximately 17% of the region (Central and Western SWUS). Climate change, primarily as precipitation reduction, made major contributions to the soil water storage decline in the SWUS. This study infers that water resource management must consider the climate change impacts over time and across space in the SWUS.
The effect of soil cultivation systems on organic matter distribution in different grain size fractions of the soil based on three years of experience
Authors: Huisz Andrea , Sleutel Steven , Tóth Tibor , Hofman Georges , De Neve Stefaan , Németh Tamás
Published: September 2019

Changes in the physical distribution (particle size and the state stability against decomposition) of the organic carbon pool in tilled layers of Hungarian field soil under different tillage treatments were studied. Three years after starting the experiment, soil samples were fractionated (they were taken in March 2005) by their particle size and density. The treatments caused well measurable, significant effects on two fractions of intra-microaggregate organic matter (53-250μm particle-sized, well and less decomposition-resistant pools) and onto their relative rate in the organic carbon pool of the whole soil.Different tillage treatments caused different distributions in the organic matter fractions. In regularly intensely cultivated soils evolve different physical structure, particle size-distribution, which reduce the soil fertility and its resistance against outer impacts.
Micropropagation of Rudbeckia hirta L. from seedling explants
Authors: Szarvas Pál , Zsila-André Anikó , Kovács Zoltán , Fári Miklós Gábor
Published: September 2019

We conducted experiments for developing an in vitro micropropagation protocol starting from meristems of Rudbeckia hirta L seedlings. We pre-soaked the seeds in sterile ion-exchanged water for 17 hours, and then achieved surface disinfection in two separate steps. First, we used concentrated household sodium-hypochloride solution for 20 minutes and, also for 20 minutes, we applied hydrogen peroxide of 10%, which was followed by washing with sterile ion-exchanged water three times. For the propagation of seedling meristems, the combination of half-strength solid Murashige and Skoog (1962) culture medium containing 10 mg/l of kinetin and 2 mg/l of kinetin + 0.1 mg/l of 2iP proved to be the most suitable. The average number of shoot-buds developed from the seedling axillary meristem in the best culture media varied between 5 and 17. Without separating them, we inoculated the shoot-bud clusters on MS culture medium containing 2 mg/l of IAA. After four weeks of incubation, we obtained elongated shoots, which we separated and inoculated into a new culture medium and from which we obtained elongated roots. The rooted plants were gradually acclimatised in the cultivation room, potted and carried to a greenhouse, and then planted in open field for subsequent observation. By adopting this method, our laboratory started the micropropagation of the superior and/or elite genotypes of the Rudbeckia hirta L. being of special value in respectt to breeding.
Girls Violating the Law
Authors: Scisleski Andrea Cristina Coelho , Galeano Giovana Barbieri
Published: September 2019

This article is the result of a research that problematizes the public policies directed to the youth that commits offensive conducts, especially the adolescent women. Guided by Michel Foucault's thought, we discuss and analyze how the discourse on the young population in conflict with the law is operationalized to legitimize interventions in the socio-educational environment. We started from the Foucauldian archaeogenealogy to think about the present in power-knowledge relations, reflecting on the discourses on the rights of young women who serve socio-educational measures, because the policies of socio-education have been designed for young men, invisibilizing the specific conditions that imply the entry of girls into the Brazilian justice system. The operationalization of public policies for youth in conflict with the law, in the present, indicates the implementation of measures that, subsidized by speeches produced in the relationship between health institutions and justice, violate the rights guaranteed by law.
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BREAST CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA IN SAINT-PETERSBURG
RESIDENTS IN 2011–2015
Authors: Khizha Val.Vas. , Movchan K.N. , Romanenkov N.S. , Rusakevich K.I. , Khizha Vit.Val.
Published: September 2019

The main epidemiological data about breast cancer cases in St. Petersburg in 2011–2015 are estimated.
It was found that, the proper quality of patient examination and treatment is possible in most cases,
despite the breast cancer incidence increasing. The latter is possible due to the improvement of
technological and organizational capabilities for early verification of neoplasia and treatment of patients.
Purposeful implementation of modern information technologies in the collection, processing, storage and
analysis of medical and statistical data in cases of malignant tumors is one of the priority tasks for
improving the organization of the anticancer struggle, and its solution contributes to the successful
implementation of the activities of the healthcare development program in Russia.
ECHINOCOCCOSIS. COMPLEX EPIZOOTOLOGICALEPIDEMIOLOGICAL
PROBLEM
Authors: Trishin M.V. , Korneev A.G. , Solovykh V.V. , Vereschagin N.N. , Pan’kov A.S. , Bozhenova I.V. , Samoylov M.I.
Published: September 2019

The incidence of echinococcosis in the population of the Orenburg region has a reliable upward trend.
The main genotype circulating among humans and farm animals is G1 E. granulosus. The risk group of
echinococcosis is rural residents. This is due to the contact of people with dogs when breeding farm
animals. A case-control study made it possible to establish the leading role of small cattle in spreading
the disease.
AIR POLLUTION AS A FACTOR OF DEVELOPMENT OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DISEASES
Authors: Berezin I.I. , Sergeev A.K.
Published: September 2019

The article is devoted to the assessment of the effects of atmospheric air on health of the population of large industrial center. There were identified priority pollutants that form a health risk. Changes of pollution level of priority pollutants were presented. Found that the high anthropogenic load results in a high level of ecologically dependent morbidity in Samara urban district.
SCIENTIFIC AND METHODICAL
BASES OF HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS,
ORGANIZATION OF MONITORING OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING CONDITIONS
AT REGIONAL AND MUNICIPAL LEVELS
Authors: Novikova I.I. , Erofeev Yu.V. , Kriga A.S. , Denisov A.V.
Published: September 2019

There were offered scientific and methodical bases of health risk assessment to schoolchildren, the
organization of monitoring of education and training conditions at regional and municipal levels based
on results of 1000-point system of assessment of sanitary and epidemiologic wellbeing level of the
educational organizations with the subsequent transfer of results of point assessment in indicators of
risk of damage to the health, having a dimensional interval from 0 to 1. For each value of risk of damage
to health expected indicators of number of cases of violations of health, additional to background size, are
defined. It is recommended to use number of additional cases of violations of health of the children and
adolescents caused by low level of sanitary welfare of the educational organizations as one of criteria of
overall performance of executive authorities of territorial subjects of the Russian Federation,
municipalities, educational organizations, class teachers and tutors. The relevance of the results of the
work is emphasized with the entry of the Russian Federation in 2018 in a decade of the childhood
defining that the family and the childhood remain priorities of our state and society for the long term.
EVALUATION OF THE
SANITARY CONDITION OF STREAMFLOWS USING DIALYSIS CULTURE OF
CYANOBACTERIA
Authors: Fomina I.A. , Savanina Ya.V. , Barsky E.L. , Lobakova E.S.
Published: September 2019

There was considered the approach, combining the use of the cyanobacteria Synechococsus SP. PCC
6301 culture diffusion and biotesting method by identifying structural changes of cellular proteins (Δp
index) at various external influences and recorded by internal reflection infrared spectroscopy. This
approach allows to evaluate the quality of the water medium in environmental monitoring as natural
watercourses in situ and in the laboratory conditions.
PREVALENCE
AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENIC
MICROORGANISMS IN WATER RESERVOIRS OF ROSTOV-ON-DON CITY
Authors: Bereznyak E.A. , Trishina A.V. , Simonova I.R. , Verkina L.M. , Poleeva М.V.
Published: September 2019

In 2016 and 2017 the study and analysis of the prevalence of opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms
(OPM), resistant to antibacterial drugs in the water reservoirs of Rostov-on-Don were carried out. 1522
strains were isolated and 101 species of microorganisms were identified. In 2016 the percentage of nonfermentative
microorganisms (NFM) was 45,9 %, Enterobacteriaceae – 28,6 % and Aeromonadaceae –
24,9 %. In 2017 dominating were the representatives of Aeromonadaceae (39,1 %) and Enterobacteriaceae
(37,5 %), the portion of NFM amounted to 23,0 %. The results of OPM antibiotic resistance study
demonstrate that in 2017 the proportion of sensitive and monoresistant bacteria considerably decreased,
and the number of strains with multiple antibiotic resistances increased. The resistant strains isolated
from the external environment should be considered as possible sources of threats to biological security.
Makna Budaya Nama Motif Kain Bentenan Minahasa
Authors: Lahama Silvana
Published: September 2019

Bentenancloth is a Minahasa traditional fabric cloth which is the only craft of weavingfrom Minahasa people that has a very long journey of history. The existence ofthis cloth cannot be separated from the cultural and historical activities ofMinahasa tribe, where this cloth reflects the symbol of social status andbecome the part of life principal acted by the Minahasa people.Theobjectives of this research are to describe : 1) The name of motifs and lingualmeaning of Bentenan  cloth, 2) Thecultural meaning behind the Bentenan cloth motifs.This research conduct in theform of qualitative-descriptive. The data taken from the books contains aboutthe history of Minahasa especially the Bentenan cloth, proposed by the formerresearchers and the culture expert of Minahasa. Fromthe result, it can be conclude that cultural meaning behind the name ofBentenan cloth motifs reflects the whole aspects of life especially theirbelieves on something considered being exist around them. The cultural meaningfromeach motifs carryingessential norm that people should know whether it isallowed to do and whether is not.KeyWords : The cultural meaning, The motifs in Bentenan cloth.
abstrak binar
Authors: Winantaka Binar
Published: September 2019

isi abstrak binar
Improving Students’ Oral Competency Through Communicative Language Teaching Approach
Authors: Sedubun Nurhayati , Tulung Golda Juliet
Published: September 2019

Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahuipeningkatan pengajaran Bahasa Inggris terlebih khusus dalamaspek Oral Competency dengan menggunakan pendekatankomunikatif atau Communicative Language Teaching Approach.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitiantindakan kelas (Classroom Action Research). Data dalampenelitian ini menggunakan analisa persentase. Responden dalampenelitian ini adalah mahasiswa semester 1 2017/2018 kelasGeneral English 4 parallel F di salah satu perguruan tinggi yangada di Sulawesi Utara, yang terdiri dari 31 mahasiswa.Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, terdapat peningkatan padakemampuan berbicara (Oral Competency) mahasiswa pada tiaptiapcycle. Data menunjukkan bahwa pada pre-assessment (prapenilaian)kompetensi oral mahasiswa:Pada Pre-assesment: 0% (excellent), 45% (very good), 45% (good)10% (needs improvement).Pada cycle I: 3% (excellent),68% (very good), 26% (good), 3%(needs improvement).Pada cycle II: 10% (excellent), 48% (very good), 39% (good), 3%(need improvement).Pada cycle III: 10% (excellent), 48% (very good), 42% (good), 0%(need improvement).Penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa penggunaan pendekatankomunikatif melalui Communicative Language Teaching Approachmampu meningkatkan kompetensi oral mahasiswa GeneralEnglish 4 parallel F pada semester 1 2017/2018 di salah satuperguruan tinggi yang ada di Sulawesi Utara.Keywords: Oral Competency, Communicative Competence.
FUNGSI EKSTERNAL DAN KATEGORI FRASE NOMINA BAHASA MELAYU MANADO
Authors: Dongalemba Rhode Margareth
Published: September 2019

This research entitled “External Fuctions and Categories of Noun Phrase in Malay Manado Language”. The analysis of this research focuses on describes the external functions and categories of noun phrase structure in Malay Manado language. This research contributes to the development of linguistics in the field of Syntactic especially External Fuctions and Categories of Noun Phrase in Malay Manado Language.The methodology that used in this research is desciptive method. The data is taken from interview natives people by using some social media like WhatsApp, Facebook, instagram, and as well as interview by face-to-face. All the data is primary which is the data obtained comes from first hand or original sources.The collected data are identified and analyzed in term of how the external function and categories of noun phrase is performed in the language by using Aarts & Aarts’s theory (1982).The writer found 16 sentences data in Malay Manado language. The syntactic external function level is filled by subject, predicate, and adverb. The level of the external category, noun phrases attached to the subject function are 11 clauses, noun phrases that attach to the predicate function are 11 clauses, and noun phrases attached to the adverb are 4 clauses.Keyword : Syntactics, Function, Category, Malay Manado Language
Analisis Semiotika Iklan Produk Elektronik Handphone di Media Cetak
Authors: Linggar Patrick
Published: September 2019

The objectives of this research are (1) to identify and analyze the types of semiotic meaning of electronic product advertising on magazine including signified and signifier. (2) to analyze whether there is a relationship between the signifier and signified concerning the expression of the meaning that exists in electronic products mobile advertising in the print media; (3) to determine the rhetorical language and why it is used in electronic product advertising. This research is descriptive qualitative study. The data were taken randomly from three magazine monthly editions June and July 2013 as many as 6 product electronic chosen in which the data were taken in various types of mobile electronic product. In identifying and analyzing the semiotic meaning is used semiotic theory concerning (signified and signifier). It can be concluded that semiotic meaning including the use of icon, index, and symbol also types of language are used especially for marketing product. Additionally, further research on semiotic and its elements in magazine or another media may be pursued that the phenomenon of language use and language aspect can be clearly understood.Keywords : semiotic, icon, index and symbol