bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CAFFEINEAS A PROMISING ANTIFBROTIC AGENT AGAINST CCL4-INDUCED LIVER FIBROSIS
Authors: Mohamed Mostafa Kamal , Khalaf Marwa Mahmoud , Abo-youssef Amira Morad , Abo-saif Ali Ahmed
Published: June 2017

Objective: Hepatic fibrosis is a wound-healing process in the liver with chronic injury and is characterized by an excess production and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Our aim is to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of caffeine against CCL4-induced liver fibrosis in rats and to be compared with the reference standard N-acetylcysteine (NAC).Methods: Rats were divided into 5 groups (n=8), the 1st group served as normal control, the 2nd group received corn oil, the 3rd group is a fibrosis control and the remaining two groups received in addition to CCL4, NAC (150 mg/kg/day) as a reference treatment and caffeine (15 mg/kg/day). At the end of experimental period the following parameters were measured, specific fibrosis biomarkers [hepatic transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1) and hepatic hydroxyproline (HYP)], liver function biomarkers [serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), total bilirubin and albumin], lipid profile [serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-Ch) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-Ch)], inflammatory biomarkers [serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), hepatic myeloperoxidase (MPO)], oxidative stress biomarkers [hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT)], relative liver body weight and liver histopathological study.Results: Caffeine significantly improved all the aforementioned biochemical parameters and liver sections obtained from this group showed prominent histopathological improvement.Conclusion: Caffeine hepatoprotective effects may be due to modulation of the fibrous scar formation, Improvement of liver function, Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials.
COMMUNITY PHARMACIST-LED NEW MEDICINE SERVICE FOR PATIENTS WITH A LONG TERM MEDICAL CONDITION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Cheema Ejaz , Sutcliffe Paul , Singer Donald Rj
Published: June 2017

Objective: This study assessed the impact of the new medicine service (NMS) on medication use in patients starting a new medication for a long-term medical condition in the United Kingdom (UK). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in community pharmacies in the West Midlands area for three months from July to September 2012. The drug therapies/agents included in the study were antihypertensive, antidiabetics, anti-asthmatics and antiplatelet/anticoagulants.Results: 20 community pharmacists completed questionnaires related to 285 patients (160 female and 125 male). On the first NMS assessment, 82 patients reported drug-related problems including adverse effects and incorrect use of medications. Of these 82 patients, 58 received pharmacists' advice and 24 did not receive any advice. At the NMS follow up 39 (67%) of the 58 patients who received pharmacists' advice reported resolution of their drug-related problems while only four (17%) of the 24 patients who did not receive pharmacists' advice reported resolution of their problems (odds ratio 10.2, 95% CI 3.0-34.2 p<0.0001). The improvement in the correct use of medications by patients reported in this study for example by improving the inhaler technique of asthmatic patients is expected to have important implications for improving the healthcare outcome of patients with long-term conditions.Conclusion: This study provides support for the NMS as an opportunity to improve detection of adverse effects and improve the incorrect use of medicines by patients. Further research is needed to address the policy implications of the NMS, including analyses of the clinical and cost-effectiveness of this service, and the sustainability of this form of pharmacist intervention in the long-term in clinical practice.
SAFETY SIGNAL DETECTION OF CARDIAC DISORDERS ADVERSE DRUG EVENTS FOR AZITHROMYCIN IN PEDIATRIC POPULATION USING HEALTH CANADA ADVERSE EVENT REPORTING SYSTEM DATABASE
Authors: Shah Gaurav Kumar , Patel Mukesh Kumar , Jat Dr. Bhanwarlal
Published: June 2017

Objective: We conducted signal detection of adverse drug events reported in Health Canada adverse event reporting system database “MedEffect” for azithromycin, a macrolide derivative and the first azalide antimicrobial agent to review the cardiac disorders adverse drug events (ADEs) in pediatric population with the drug labels of selected countries including India, USA, UK, Canada, Switzerland, Australia, New Zealand.Methods: We extracted data between January 1965 and June 2016 from the Canada adverse event reporting system database “MedEffect”. Frequentist and Bayesian methods were used to calculate disproportionality distribution of drug-adverse event (AE) pairs. The AE which was detected by all the three indices of proportional reporting ratio (PRR), reporting odds ratio (ROR), and information component (IC) was identified as a potential signal. AE reports for azithromycin, among which 3651 reports were attributed to paediatrics.Results: The signal detected by PRR and ROR for tachycardia associated with azithromycin were found to be 1.3 and for cardiovascular disorder were 1.2. The IC for azithromycin by a Bayesian method was 0.3 for both, tachycardia and cardiovascular disorder. Both AEs of cardiovascular disorder and tachycardia were detected as potential signals of azithromycin for the paediatric population. Comparing drug labels of 7 countries in paediatric population, both adverse events were not listed on any of the labels of seven countries against the pediatric population.Conclusion: We detected 2 new potential signals of azithromycin which were not listed on the labels of 7 countries. Therefore, it should be accompanied by a signal evaluation including causal association, clinical significance, and preventability.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ELEMENTAL AND FUNCTIONAL GROUP ANALYSIS OF VITEX NEGUNDO L. LEAVES
Authors: Pawar Sunil , Kamble Vanita
Published: June 2017

Objective: To analyse elemental profile, evaluate functional groups and find out phytochemical constituents of Vitex negundo L. leaves.Methods: Determination of primary and secondary metabolites for various extracts by qualitative methods. Elemental analysis was carried out by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique and the functional groups have been determined by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) technique.Results: Soluble extractive percentage of material has been found the maximum in the aqueous extract (6.75%) followed by methanolic extract (4.35%) and acetone extract (1.8%). Phytochemical screening of material revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, steroids, cardiac and anthraquinone glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds. The elemental analysis revealed Na, Mg, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo, Li, B, Al, P, Cd, As, Ba, and Hg. FTIR technique was used to identify various functional groups present in three different extracts of the material.Conclusion: The phytochemical screening of three different extracts of the material showed the presence of most of the primary and secondary metabolites in aqueous and methanolic extract than acetone extract. The soluble extractive value was found the maximum in aqueous extract hence aqueous extract is most effective for studying the pharmacological activity of this plant. Elemental analysis showed the presence of trace elements in sufficient concentrations and traces of heavy and toxic metals. The FTIR study revealed the presence of essential functional groups in three different extracts of the material. The present investigation is most essential to discover innovative, dynamic and novel drugs for curing various newly emerged dangerous health problems.
TO STUDY THE THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT, DRUG RELATED PROBLEMS AND CONCOMITANT USE OF DRUGSIN PATIENTS WITH CANCER
Authors: P. Pramila , Abraham Anju , Pawar Sunita , Bafna Vibha , Bansal Monika S
Published: June 2017

Objective: To study the prescribing patterns of chemotherapeutic drugs, concomitant drugs and to determine the drug-related problems in cancer patients.Methods: A prospective and retrospective observational study was conducted over a period of 6 mo in a tertiary care teaching hospital, Pune after ethical approval and informed consent. Patients were then interviewed for patient information like demographics, treatment, and associated drug related problems using specially designed proforma and then required data was introduced in Microsoft excel spreadsheets.Results: Out of 60 patients 50 were enrolled in this study during which 9 different sites of cancer were examined. The maximum number of patients with cancer resides in the age group of 51-60 y (32%) and more common in females in 27 (54%). The most prevalent risk factor and co-morbidity encountered were tobacco chewing 13 (26%) and hypertension 8 (16%), respectively. On the further evaluation of data, the findings suggested that the majority of patients were prescribed with an alkylating group of anti-neoplastic agents, paclitaxel+platinum-based compound regimen, and the drug paclitaxel. On screening, 167 drug interactions were observed, of these most of the interactions were in the moderate category. The most common organ system affected was gastrointestinal system 135 (30.80%) whereas the prevalent toxicity was hyperuricemia. Polypharmacy was not observed, whereas antacid (ranitidine) was frequently prescribed during hospitalisation and discharge.Conclusion: This study has highlighted certain facts and drawbacks in medication-related care which can be addressed by conducting future studies in cancer care in order to provide patient-specific outcomes.
ARTEMETHER LOADED ETHYLCELLULOSE NANOSUSPENSIONS: EFFECTS OF FORMULATION VARIABLES, PHYSICAL STABILITY AND DRUG RELEASE PROFILE
Authors: Khalifa Nasrin E. , Nur Abubakr O. , Osman Zuheir A.
Published: June 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the individual and joint effects of drug: ethylcellulose ratio, content of tween 80 and chloroform: water volume ratio on particles' size and size distribution of artemether loaded ethyl cellulose nanosuspension formulations, aiming to achieve nanosuspension with desired particles properties, stability and drug release profile.Methods: Mixed levels design was used to generate a series of artemether loaded ethylcellulose nanosuspensions that produced by emulsification-solvent evaporation technique. Formulations were qualified for particle size and size distribution using dynamic light scattering technique. Best ranked formulation was then evaluated for stability and drug release rate and kinetics.Results: Drug: polymer ratio, content of surfactant and organic: water volume ratio were found to exert considerable influences (p<0.05) on particle size of produced nanosuspensions, either individually or as joint variables. Peak intensity property of nanosuspensions was found to be influenced by drug: polymer ratio (p<0.05) whereas the influences of different variables on the polydisperse index property appear inconsequential (p>0.05). Best ranked (optimal) artemether nanosuspension proved stable and capable to improve and maintain the release of loaded drug over 24 h, at least under the setting conditions of this study.Conclusion: Focusing on both the individual and joint influences of formulation variables assist in achieving nanosuspension with desired particles characteristics, stability and drug release profile.
COMPARISON BETWEEN GENERIC DRUGS AND BRAND NAME DRUGS FROM BIOEQUIVALENCE AND THERMOEQUIVALENCE PROSPECTIVE
Authors: Arafat Mosab , Ahmed Zahaa , Arafat Osama
Published: June 2017

The belief that generic drugs are inferior to brand name drugs has been always under debate. Especially since the price of generic drugs is generally far cheaper than brand-name drugs. Although, this is because of waiving the preclinical studies and clinical trials for the generic drug, the quality, and purity of materials used for generic drug preparation is still arguable. Thus, the objective of this overview was to find out the tolerable deviations between generic and brand name drugs which should not alter the pharmacology. Using inactive additives in the generic drug different than in the brand name drug, such as binders, glidants, diluents, anti-adherents, disintegrants or polymer carrier material and filler should not change the drug bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameters as long as both products using the identical active ingredient(s) in equivalent amounts. Even if both drug products are bioequivalent to each other in terms of active ingredient, they are not in terms of inactive ingredients. Hence, the probability of unexpected adverse drug reaction and allergies from the generic formulation are possible, especially, when people react sensitive toward specific component. Therefore, the occasional negative response occurring upon the switch from brand-name drug to the generic drug can be attributed to intra-and inter-patient variations toward inactive ingredients. Variations toward inactive ingredients can be obtained experimentally by utilizing a proper thermoanalytical technique. As a result, thermoequivalence of generic drugs to brand name drugs can be determined based on thermal information obtained from both products. In conclusion, thermoequivalence study can be a useful tool to demonstrate any possible variation between the inactive ingredients of both products.
Organic technology of tea production at Black sea coast of Krasnodar region
Authors: Nagornyy V D , Gresis V O , Lyashko M U
Published: June 2017

This paper presents preliminary results of the first try to introduce organic technology of tea leaves production at the resort area on the Black Sea coasts in Krasnodar district. The named technology is introduced on the tea gardens of the firm Matsetinskyi tea in 2007. Tea gardens situated on hill slopes which have elevation 350 above the sea level. Experimental plots (three on each of two gardens) were situated 170 m apart down along the slope of a range of Caucasus mountains. Soil and leaf samples were taken at leaf harvesting time in June 2015. Chemical analysis of soil and leaves were carried out in accordance with recommendations adopted by Georgia Institute of subtropical crops. Tea leaves for analysis and yield on experimental plots were collected five times during the season. Chemical analysis of nutrient content in the leaves, and quality of tea have been done in the analytical laboratory of the Agrotechnological Institute Of PFUR. Preliminary results of experiment revealed rather notable decrease of total yields of leaves in both gardens in comparison with previous yields when mineral fertilizers were applied annually in the rate N300P150K150. Decrease of the yield may be explained by the decrease of nutrient supply due to slow nutrient release by mineralization from trimming materials. Dead leaves, cut weeds and tea bush trimmings, which are the only source of nutrients might be added to the soil. Lower yields at the top of the hills also correlate with lower supply of organic material to the soil on the top of the hills. Thorough analysis has to be done to determine for and contra to organic tea production taking into account loses of yield and gains in cost of production decrease and possible higher price for organic tea. Positive affect of organic technology of tea production on ecology should be also accounted for.
Insurance of natural and technological risks in the interest of social support of population in emergency situations
Authors: Plyuschikov V G , Avdotyino V P , Avdotyino Y S , Palinkas L V , Plyuschikov V V
Published: June 2017

The article presents data on the prospects for the insurance of natural and man-made risks for social support of the population in the elimination of large-scale emergencies. Critically analyzed the basic position maintained in this occasion of discussion. On the basis of the analysis of the practice of emergency management determined the possible consequences of strengthening the role of insurance in addressing issues of social support of the population during liquidation of emergency situations. The authors justified the conclusion that the establishment of a transparent institutional environment in this area is possible only with the support of the state.
Chief executive officer’s gender and firm performance in the JSE SRI firms
Authors: Baloyi Siphiwa L. , Ngwakwe Collins C.
Published: June 2017

This paper evaluated the relationship between chief executive officers’ gender and firm performance. Therefore, the specific objectives of the paper were: 1) to evaluate the relationship between the CEO’s gender and company turnover; 2) to assess the relationship, the CEO’s gender and share price; 3) to examine the relationship between the CEO’s gender and net profit. The paper applied the positivist research method, which is a quantitative approach as it sought to measure the relationship between variables. Secondary Data on CEO gender, turnover, share price and net profit were collected from the archives of integrated report of 16 JSE SRI Companies that had a complete disclosure of the research variables. The paper used the Chi-square statistics (Phi and Cramer’s V tests) to test the relationship between CEO gender, turnover, share price and net profit. Findings from the statistical results showed that the Phi and Cramer’s V test gave a P value greater than 0.05 (P>0.05), which shows that within the sample of companies, there is no significant relationship between CEO’s gender, net profit, share price and turnover. The research concludes and recommends that gender might not necessarily affect performance, at least within the sample of companies, therefore, there should be no gender discrimination on CEO’s position. Women should, therefore, receive support to assume the position of CEO. This finding provides an agenda for further research to use broader sample across industry sectors to examine this relationship further, as gender is an important component of sustainable development goals.
Periodontitis una enfermedad multifactorial: Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Aguilar Soto Fabian Enrique , Sosa Morales Fernando Josafaht , Bojórquez Anaya Yolanda , Fontes García Zureya
Published: June 2017

La periodontitis es una enfermedad multifactorial, en la cual la placa bacteriana es el factor iniciador, influyendo a la vez factores locales como sistémicos. La diabetes es una enfermedad sistémica debida a una disminución de la secreción de la hormona insulina o a una deficiencia de su acción.Objetivo: el propósito de este trabajo es explicar algunos conceptos básicos que ayuden a la compresión de la asociación bidireccional de la enfermedad periodontal con Diabetes Mellitus, con base en los hallazgos científicos encontrados. Con el objetivo de conocer, tratar y cuidar la salud de un paciente diabético.Metodología: se realizo una búsqueda bibliográfica en base de datos (pubmed, periodontology 2000, medline, scielo, elsevier, intramed, j periodontol, etc.)  nacionales e internacionales, utilizando palabras claves.Resultados: se escogieron 55 artículos para el estudio, destacando el objetivo de este trabajo que es la relación entre Diabetes Mellitus y enfermedad periodontal y viceversa.Discusión/Conclusión: la asociación entre Diabetes Mellitus y periodontitis se ha reportado en numerosos estudios, al igual que en estudios en animales sugieren que la presencia de una condición tiende aumentar el riesgo y la severidad de la otra.
An IoT-aware AAL System to Capture Behavioral Changes of Elderly People
Authors: Mainetti Luca , Patrono Luigi , Secco Andrea , Sergi Ilaria
Published: June 2017

The ageing of population is a phenomenon that is affecting the majority of developed countries around the world and will soon affect developing economies too. In recent years, both industry and academia are focused on the development of several solutions aimed to guarantee a healthy and safe lifestyle to the elderly. In this context, the behavioral analysis of elderly people can help to prevent the occurrence of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and frailty problems. The innovative technologies enabling the Internet of Things (IoT) can be used in order to capture personal data for automatically recognizing changes in elderly people behavior in an unobtrusive, low-cost and low-power modality. This work aims to describe the ongoing activities within the City4Age project, funded by the Horizon 2020 Programme of the European Commission, mainly focused on the use of IoT technologies to develop an innovative AAL system able to capture personal data of elderly people in their home and city environments. The proposed architecture has been validated through a proof-of-concept focused mainly on localization issues, collection of ambient parameters, and user-environment interaction aspects.
Electromagnetic Performance Estimation of UHF RFID Tags in Harsh Contexts
Authors: Catarinucci Luca , Colella Riccardo , Tarricone Luciano
Published: June 2017

Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is a consolidated example of electromagnetic system in which passive labels equipped with flexible antennas, called tags, are able to use a portion of the electromagnetic energy from the reader antennas, power-up their internal circuitry and provide the automatic identification of objects. Being fully-passive, the performance of RFID tags is strongly dependent on the context, so that the selection of the most suitable tag for the specific application becomes a key point. In this work, a cost-effective but accurate system for the over-the-air electromagnetic characterization of assembled UHF RFID tags is firstly presented and then validated through comparison with a consolidated and diffused measurement systems. Moreover, challenging use-cases demonstrating the usefulness of the proposed systems in analyzing the electromagnetic performance of label-type tags also when applied on materials on different shape or embedded into concrete blocks have been carried out.
THE EU “ENGAGEMENT WITHOUT RECOGNITION” POLICY IN ITS EASTERN NEIGHBORHOOD DE FACTO STATES. THE CASE OF ABKHAZIA AND SOUTH OSSETIA
Authors: SABOU Alexandra
Published: June 2017

This article aims to analyze the limits and the opportunities encountered in the implementation of the EU Non-Recognition and Engagement Policy with Abkhazia and South Ossetia (NREP), launched in December 2009. Part of the EaP toolkit to strengthen EU’s relations with its new Eastern Neighborhood, the NREP contributed to numerous legislative and discursive changes towards Abkhazia and South Ossetia in the Georgian politics. However, because the NREP was almost merged with the legislation and approach of Georgia towards its two breakaway republics, Sukhum/i and Tskhinvali mistrusted any engagement actions coming from Brussels and Tbilisi. Their reactions following the adoption of the visa waiver for Georgia are an indication of the depth casted between belligerents that the NREP could not fill in. Therefore, we advocate that a clearer and much more coherent EU agenda towards its Eastern de facto states is very much needed in order to decrease the level of humanitarian isolation that affects the people living in such areas and to increase the EU leverage on conflict transformation and resolution in the EaP framework.
La recepción iberoamericana de las «Mil y una noches»
Authors: Peña Martín Salvador
Published: June 2017

De entre los procesos de recepción mundial de las Mil y una noches, el producido en el ámbito iberoamericano ha sido uno de los más sobresalientes. Se ha extendido a lo largo de, al menos, nueve siglos; ha afectado a varias lenguas, diversas sociedades y Estados; ha dado lugar a buen número de traducciones y adaptaciones; ha ejercido una profunda influencia artística, y generado algunas de las más relevantes indagaciones sobre la obra misma y la naturaleza del narrar. A pesar de ello, dicho proceso sigue sin estudiarse con la extensión y detalle que merece.
Potensi Tumbuhan Kerokot (Lygodium microphylum) dalam Bidang Kefarmasian
Authors: Rijai Laode
Published: June 2017

Tumbuhan Kerokot (Lygodium microphylum) di Kalimantan Timur masih dianggap sebagai gulma karena pertumbuhannya yang sangat cepat dan meluas kesegala arah pada suatu lahan sehingga mengganggu lahan petani jika tumbuh pada lahan perkebunan/ladang petani. Telah dilakukan skrining beberapa potensi kefarmasian terhadap ekstrak Herba Kerokot (Lygodium microphylum) dan terbukti memliki potensi sebagai antioksidan, penumbuh rambut, larvasida untuk nymuk Culex sp dan Aedes aegypty, dan obat luka. Potensi terbaik dari hasil-hasil penelitian tersebut adalah sebagai penumbuh rambut yang telah dilakukan pada hewan uji.
Kata Kunci: Lygodium microphylum, potensi kefarmasian
Aktivitas Antioksidan Beberapa Tumbuhan Obat Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Herman Herman
Published: June 2017

Telah dilakukan penelititan dengan judul analisis aktivitas antioksidan terhadap beberapa tumbuhan Kalimantan Timur yang dianggap sebagai obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi golongan metabolit sekunder yang terkandung dalam ekstrak dan menguji aktivitas antioksidan. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi golongan metabiolit sekunder dilakukan dengan penambahan reagen kimia sedangkan untuk menetahui aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode peredaman radikal bebas DPPH terhadap ekstrak dan fraksi menggunakan spektofotometer UV-Visible  dengan panjang gelombang 517 nm. Hasil identifikasi golongan metabolit sekunder menunjukkan bahwa dari keempat jenis tumbuhan teridentifikasi mengandung golongan senyawa alkaloid, fenol, saponin, dan tanin serta aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 dari ekstrak kasar maupun fraksi terbaiknya dibawah 100 ppm.

Kata Kunci: Antioksidan, Ageratum conyzoides L., Captosapelta Tomentosa V., Lepisanthes amoena, Acanthus ilicifolius L., DPPH

 

ABSTRACT

Study with the title analysis of antioxidant activity against several plants east Kalimantan are considered as a drug. Study aims to identify the class of secondary metabolites contained in extracts and tested the antioxidant activity. The method used to identify the class of secondary metabolites made by the addition of chemical reagents and to determine the antioxidant activity by the DPPH free radical reduction method to extract and fractions using UV-Visible spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 517 nm. The identification results showed that the class of secondary metabolites from plants identified four classes of compounds contains alkaloids, phenols, saponins and tannins and antioxidant activity with the best IC50 values of crude extract and fractions below 100 ppm.

Key Words: Antioxidant, Ageratum conyzoides L., Captosapelta Tomentosa V., Lepisanthes amoena, Acanthus ilicifolius L., DPPH
Efek Hemostatis Ekstrak Metanol Daun Sisik Naga (Drymoglossum Piloselloides Presl.) pada Tikus Jantan (Rattus norvegicus L.)
Authors: Rahayu Ika , Kuncoro Hadi , Ibrahim Arsyik
Published: June 2017

The research is The Hemostatic Effect of Sisik Naga Leaves (Drymoglossum Piloselloides  Presl.) Metanol Extract of Rat (Rattus norvegicus L.) has been done. This reseachâ€™s purposes to determine the hemostatic effect, optimum dose and optimum measured time of Sisik Naga Leaves extract with bleeding time as its parameter used tail bleeding. Dose of Sisik Naga extract are 12.5 mg/kgBW, 25 mg/kgBW, and 50 mg/kgBW and NaCMC has been used as negative control, they were given twice a day in one day treatment. Tail bleeding by cutting the ratâ€™s tail has been done on 12th, 24th, and 36th hour after the treatment. The result data was analyzed with two way Analysis of Varian (Anava) and followed BNJD test. The test results showed that bleeding time of negative control NaCMC is 143.15 seconds and bleeding time of Sisik Naga leaves extract with dose 12.5 mg/kgBW on 12th hours 82.62 second, 24th hours 60.27 second, 36th hours 76.36 second, dose 25 mg/kgBW on 12th hours 65.76 second, 24th hours 39.33 second, 36th hours 90.02 second, and dose 50 mg/kgBW on 12th hours 53.97 second, 24th hours 23.82 second, 36th hours 72.85. The best dose which optimum effect of hemostatic is 50 mg/kgBW with measured time on 24 hours after orally extract.

Keyword : hemostatic, Drymoglossum Piloselloides  Presl., bleeding time

 

Abstrak

Telah dilakukan penelitian efek hemostatis ekstrak metanol daun Sisik Naga (Drymoglossum Piloselloides  Presl.) pada tikus jantan (Rattus norvegicus L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek hemostatis, dosis dan waktu pengukuran optimum ekstrak Sisik Naga dengan mengukur waktu perdarahan pada tikus menggunakan metode tail bleeding. Dosis uji ekstrak daun Sisik Naga yang digunakan adalah 12,5 mg/kgBB, 25 mg/kgBB dan 50 mg/kgBB dengan kontrol negatif NaCMC yang diberikan per oral dua kali sehari selama satu hari. Pengukuran waktu perdarahan adalah 12 jam, 24 jam dan 36 jam setelah pemberian ekstrak. Data dianalisis dengan Anava dua arah yang dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjutan BNJD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata waktu perdarahan kontrol negatif NaCMC adalah 143,15 detik dan rata-rata waktu perdarahan ekstrak daun Sisik Naga pada dosis 12,5 mg/kgBB pada 12 jam 82,62 detik, 24 jam 60,27 detik, 36 jam 76,36 detik, dosis 25 mg/kgBB pada 12 jam 65,76 detik, 24 jam 39,33 detik, 36 jam 90,02 detik, dan dosis 50 mg/kgBB 12 jam 53,97 detik, 24 jam 23,82 detik, 36 jam 72,85 detik. Dosis yang paling efektif sebagai hemostatis adalah pada dosis 50 mg/kgBB dengan waktu pengukuran yang paling efektif yaitu 24 jam setelah pemberian ekstrak.

Kata kunci : Hemostatis, Drymoglossum Piloselloides  Presl., waktu perdarahan
Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Kecapi (Sandoricum koetjape Merr.)
Authors: Hardika P.A.N Pindo , Fridayanti Aditya , Rijai Laode
Published: June 2017

A research has been conducted on the antibacterial activity of the santol leaves extract (S.koetjape Merr.) against S.aureus and E.coli. The santol leaves extracts were prepared by maceration used methanol as solvent and the methanol extract was then fractionated. The antibacterial activity was determined by measured the diameter of inhibition zones in difusi method. The result showed that santol leaves extracts and fractions has antibacterial activity against S.aureus and E.coli. The effective concentration as an antibacterial of methanol extracts is at 10%, and of n-hexane fractions is at 5%.
Keywords : S.koetjape Merr, Santol leaves, Antibacteria
 
Abstrak
Telah dilakukan penelitian uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun kecapi (S.koetjape Merr.) terhadap S.aureus dan E.coli. Ekstrak daun kecapi dibuat secara maserasi dengan pelarut metanol, lalu difraksinasi. Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun kecapi diukur berdasarkan luas daerah zoa bunuh pertumbuhan bakteri dengan metode difusi agar. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak dan fraksi daun kecapi memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri S.aureus dan E.coli. Konsentrasi efektif antibakteri ekstrak metanol adalah 10% dan fraksi n-heksana adalah 5%.
 Kata Kunci : S.koetjape Merr, Daun Kecapi, Antibakteri
Combination of Near Infrared Light-Activated Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Indocyanine Green with Etoposide to Treat Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Luo Ting , Zhang Qinrong , Lu Qing-Bin
Published: June 2017

Indocyanine green (ICG) has been reported as a potential near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. However the application of ICG-mediated PDT is both intrinsically and physiologically limited. Here we report a combination of ICG-PDT with a chemotherapy drug etoposide (VP-16), aiming to enhance the anticancer efficacy, to circumvent limitations of PDT using ICG, and to reduce side effects of VP-16. We found in controlled in vitro cell-based assays that this combination is effective in killing non-small-cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC, A549 cell line). We also found that the combination of ICG-PDT and VP-16 exhibits strong synergy in killing non-small-cell lung cancer cells partially through inducing more DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), while it has a much weaker synergy in killing human normal cells (GM05757). Furthermore, by studying the treatment sequence dependence and the cytotoxicity of laser-irradiated mixtures of ICG and VP-16, we found that the observed synergy involves direct/indirect reactions between ICG and VP-16. We further propose that there exists an electron transfer reaction between ICG and VP-16 under irradiation. This study therefore shows the anticancer efficacy of ICG-PDT combined with VP-16. These findings suggest that ICG-mediated PDT may be applied in combination with the chemotherapy drug VP-16 to treat some cancers, especially the non-small-cell lung cancer.
Parent Perspective on Care Coordination Services for Their Child with Medical Complexity
Authors: Cady Rhonda , Belew John
Published: June 2017

The overarching goal of care coordination is communication and co-management across settings. Children with medical complexity require care from multiple services and providers, and the many benefits of care coordination on health and patient experience outcomes have been documented. Despite these findings, parents still report their greatest challenge is communication gaps. When this occurs, parents assume responsibility for aggregating and sharing health information across providers and settings. A new primary-specialty care coordination partnership model for children with medical complexity works to address these challenges and bridge communication gaps. During the first year of the new partnership, parents participated in focus groups to better understand how they perceive communication and collaboration between the providers and services delivering care for their medically complex child. Our findings from these sessions reflect the current literature and highlight additional challenges of rural families, as seen from the perspective of the parents. We found that parents appreciate when professional care coordination is provided, but this is often the exception and not the norm. Additionally, parents feel that the local health system’s inability to care for their medically complex child results in unnecessary trips to urban-based specialty care. These gaps require a system-level approach to care coordination and, consequently, new paradigms for delivery are urgently needed.
Energetic Study of Clusters and Reaction Barrier Heights from Efficient Semilocal Density Functionals
Authors: Tian Guocai , Mo Yuxiang , Tao Jianmin
Published: June 2017

The accurate first-principles prediction of the energetic properties of molecules and clusters from efficient semilocal density functionals is of broad interest. Here we study the performance of a non-empirical Tao-Mo (TM) density functional on binding energies and excitation energies of titanium dioxide and water clusters, as well as reaction barrier heights. To make a comparison, a combination of the TM exchange part with the TPSS (Tao–Perdew–Staroverov–Scuseria) correlation functional—called TMTPSS—is also included in this study. Our calculations show that the best binding energies of titanium dioxide are predicted by PBE0 (Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof hybrid functional), TM, and TMTPSS with nearly the same accuracy, while B3LYP (Beck’s three-parameter exchange part with Lee-Yang-Parr correlation), TPSS, and PBE (Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof) yield larger mean absolute errors. For excitation energies of titanium and water clusters, PBE0 and B3LYP are the most accurate functionals, outperforming the performance of semilocal functionals due to the nonlocality problem suffered by the latter. Nevertheless, TMTPSS and TM functionals are still good accurate semilocal methods, improving upon the commonly-used TPSS and PBE functionals. We also find that the best reaction barrier heights are predicted by PBE0 and B3LYP, thanks to the nonlocality incorporated into these two hybrid functionals, but TMTPSS and TM are obviously more accurate than SCAN (Strongly Constrained and Appropriately Normed), TPSS, and PBE, suggesting the good performance of TM and TMTPSS for physically different systems and properties.
Economic Freedom and Income Inequality: Does Political Regime Matter?
Authors: Ahmad Mahyudin
Published: June 2017

There is a growing literature studying the effects of economic freedom and democracy on income inequality; nevertheless, the inequality-effects of both factors are apparently studied separately. This paper revisits the income inequality-economic freedom nexus and uncovers the role of political regime in explaining the relationship. Using the latest inequality data from Standardized World Income Inequality (SWIID) version 5.0 for a sample of countries up to 115 over 1970–2014 period, and via dynamic panel GMM estimation method, an inequality model that explicitly captures the interaction effect of economic freedom and democracy is estimated. The findings demonstrate that economic freedom has positive effect on income inequality. The estimated size of inequality-increasing effects of economic freedom is substantial, ranging between 0.3% and 0.5% per annum. Nevertheless, the findings show that the freedom-induced inequality is attenuated in the presence of a democratic regime in the countries under study. Furthermore, freedom of international trade and market deregulation are shown to be the two most consistently significant liberalization policies across the baseline estimations and various sensitivity tests. The paper is concluded with some policy implications.
Evaluation Methodology for Tariff Design under Escalating Penetrations of Distributed Energy Resources
Authors: Abdelmotteleb Ibtihal , Gómez Tomás , Reneses Javier
Published: June 2017

As the penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) escalates in distribution networks, new network tariffs are needed to cope with this new situation. These tariffs should allocate network costs to users, promoting an efficient use of the distribution network. This paper proposes a methodology to evaluate and compare network tariff designs. Four design attributes are proposed for this aim: (i) network cost recovery; (ii) deferral of network reinforcements; (iii) efficient consumer response; (iv) recognition of side-effects on consumers. Through an analytical hierarchy process (AHP), the evaluation methodology is applied to compare traditional cost allocation methods, on the basis of 100% energy, 100% demand, and 50% energy-50% demand, with more advanced pricing methods based on distribution locational marginal prices in combination with cost-reflective network charges. Numerical results are obtained through a case study based on the IEEE 34-node test feeder with DER integration. The results illustrate the advantage of advanced pricing methods to promote an efficient integration of DER and demand price-response from consumers.
Day-Ahead Natural Gas Demand Forecasting Using Optimized ABC-Based Neural Network with Sliding Window Technique: The Case Study of Regional Basis in Turkey
Authors: Akpinar Mustafa , Adak M. , Yumusak Nejat
Published: June 2017

The increase of energy consumption in the world is reflected in the consumption of natural gas. However, this increment requires additional investment. This effect leads imbalances in terms of demand forecasting, such as applying penalties in the case of error rates occurring beyond the acceptable limits. As the forecasting errors increase, penalties increase exponentially. Therefore, the optimal use of natural gas as a scarce resource is important. There are various demand forecast ranges for natural gas and the most difficult range among these demands is the day-ahead forecasting, since it is hard to implement and makes predictions with low error rates. The objective of this study is stabilizing gas tractions on day-ahead demand forecasting using low-consuming subscriber data for minimizing error using univariate artificial bee colony-based artificial neural networks (ANN-ABC). For this purpose, households and low-consuming commercial users’ four-year consumption data between the years of 2011–2014 are gathered in daily periods. Previous consumption values are used to forecast day-ahead consumption values with sliding window technique and other independent variables are not taken into account. Dataset is divided into two parts. First, three-year daily consumption values are used with a seven day window for training the networks, while the last year is used for the day-ahead demand forecasting. Results show that ANN-ABC is a strong, stable, and effective method with a low error rate of 14.9 mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for training utilizing MAPE with a univariate sliding window technique.
What Is Genealogy? Introduction to the Inaugural Issue of Genealogy
Authors: Kretsedemas Philip
Published: June 2017

The inaugural issue of Genealogy offers an ambitious selection of essays which provide several answers to the question “What is Genealogy?” Each essay could easily have appeared in a different journal, specializing in philosophy, family studies and communication, race and ethnicity studies, political sociology or the cultural study of science and technology.[...]
“Sot’s Skull Subsiding, Sweet Nothingness Betide Me”: Suttree and Sartrean Bad Faith
Authors: Guerra Elijah
Published: June 2017

Cormac McCarthy’s Suttree is a literary representation of existentialism. The eponymous protagonist seeks his meaning and purpose in a universe that offers none. Jean-Paul Sartre’s existentialism proposes that people must fill the blank slate of the self and establish their own values through their actions. However, instead of establishing his values according to his constantly becoming self, Suttree restrictively bases his values on his material, monetary, functional and social existence. Sartre’s theory of bad faith provides a means to understand Suttree’s identity conflict and argues that the individual should identify not with any particular state of being, but rather with the constant process of becoming. Bad faith is a mode of self-deception in which one believes he is something he is not, or believes he is not something that he is. Suttree’s many forms of bad faith—material, monetary, functional, and social—hinder his ability to live a more meaningful and fulfilling life and embrace his responsibility to create himself. Of all the forms of bad faith Suttree suffers, perhaps the most detrimental to his project of self-creation is his failure to let go of the past. His obsession with past failures and deaths impedes his progress to a new, productive self. By transcending his oppressive past and realizing that he is a combination of his constituent parts and never solely one of them, Suttree understands his responsibility to embrace his past and propel himself into new identities in the constant quest of becoming. Suttree exemplifies a responsible embrace of the project of self-creation in the midst of materialism and nihilism.
Risk Perceptions on Hurricanes: Evidence from the U.S. Stock Market
Authors: Feria-Domínguez José , Paneque Pilar , Gil-Hurtado María
Published: June 2017

This article examines the market reaction of the main Property and Casualty (P & C) insurance companies listed in the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) to seven most recent hurricanes that hit the East Coast of the United States from 2005 to 2012. For this purpose, we run a standard short horizon event study in order to test the existence of abnormal returns around the landfalls. P & C companies are one of the most affected sectors by such events because of the huge losses to rebuild, help and compensate the inhabitants of the affected areas. From the financial investors’ perception, this kind of events implies severe losses, which could influence the expected returns. Our research highlights the existence of significant cumulative abnormal returns around the landfall event window in most of the hurricanes analyzed, except for the Katrina and Sandy Hurricanes.
A Knowledge-Driven Geospatially Enabled Framework for Geological Big Data
Authors: Wu Liang , Xue Lei , Li Chaoling , Lv Xia , Chen Zhanlong , Jiang Baode , Guo Mingqiang , Xie Zhong
Published: June 2017

Geologic survey procedures accumulate large volumes of structured and unstructured data. Fully exploiting the knowledge and information that are included in geological big data and improving the accessibility of large volumes of data are important endeavors. In this paper, which is based on the architecture of the geological survey information cloud-computing platform (GSICCP) and big-data-related technologies, we split geologic unstructured data into fragments and extract multi-dimensional features via geological domain ontology. These fragments are reorganized into a NoSQL (Not Only SQL) database, and then associations between the fragments are added. A specific class of geological questions was analyzed and transformed into workflow tasks according to the predefined rules and associations between fragments to identify spatial information and unstructured content. We establish a knowledge-driven geologic survey information smart-service platform (GSISSP) based on previous work, and we detail a study case for our research. The study case shows that all the content that has known relationships or semantic associations can be mined with the assistance of multiple ontologies, thereby improving the accuracy and comprehensiveness of geological information discovery.
Density and Habitat Relationships of the Endemic White Mountain Fritillary (Boloria chariclea montinus) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Authors: McFarland Kent P. , Lloyd John D. , Hardy Spencer P.
Published: June 2017

We conducted point counts in the alpine zone of the Presidential Range of the White Mountains, New Hampshire, USA, to estimate the distribution and density of the rare endemic White Mountain Fritillary (Boloria chariclea montinus). Incidence of occurrence and density of the endemic White Mountain Fritillary during surveys in 2012 and 2013 were greatest in the herbaceous-snowbank plant community. Densities at points in the heath-shrub-rush plant community were lower, but because this plant community is more widespread in the alpine zone, it likely supports the bulk of adult fritillaries. White Mountain Fritillary used cushion-tussock, the other alpine plant community suspected of providing habitat, only sparingly. Detectability of White Mountain Fritillaries varied as a consequence of weather conditions during the survey and among observers, suggesting that raw counts yield biased estimates of density and abundance. Point counts, commonly used to study and monitor populations of birds, were an effective means of sampling White Mountain Fritillary in the alpine environment where patches of habitat are small, irregularly shaped, and widely spaced, rendering line-transect methods inefficient and difficult to implement.
Relayer-Enabled Retransmission Scheduling in 802.15.4e LLDN—Exploring a Reinforcement Learning Approach
Authors: Willig Andreas , Matusovsky Yakir , Kind Adriel
Published: June 2017

We consider the scheduling of retransmissions in the low-latency deterministic network (LLDN) extension to the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. We propose a number of retransmission schemes with varying degrees of required changes to the LLDN specification. In particular, we propose a retransmission scheme that uses cooperative relayers and where the best relayer for a source node is learned using a reinforcement-learning method. The method allows for adapting relayer selections in the face of time-varying channels. Our results show that the relayer-based methods achieve a much better reliability over the other methods, both over static (but unknown) and over time-varying channels.