bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Rate Capability Performance of High-Areal-Capacity Water-Based NMC811 Electrodes: The Role of Binders and Current Collectors
Authors: Surace Yuri , Jahn Marcus , Cupid Damian M.
Published: March 2024

The aqueous processing of cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has both environmental and cost benefits. However, high-loading, water-based electrodes from the layered oxides (e.g., NMC) typically exhibit worse electrochemical performance than NMP-based electrodes. In this work, primary, binary, and ternary binder mixtures of aqueous binders such as CMC, PAA, PEO, SBR, and Na alginate, in combination with bare and C-coated Al current collectors, were explored, aiming to improve the rate capability performance of NMC811 electrodes with high areal capacity (≥4 mAh cm−2) and low binder content (3 wt.%). Electrodes with a ternary binder composition (CMC:PAA:SBR) have the best performance with bare Al current collectors, attaining a specific capacity of 150 mAh g−1 at 1C. Using carbon-coated Al current collectors results in improved performance for both water- and NMP-based electrodes. This is further accentuated for Na-Alg and CMC:PAA binder compositions. These electrodes show specific capacities of 170 and 80 mAh g−1 at 1C and 2C, respectively. Although the specific capacities at 1C are comparable to those for NMP-PVDF electrodes, they are approximately 50% higher at the 2C rate. This study aims to contribute to the development of sustainably processed NMC electrodes for high energy density LIBs using water as solvent.
Immune Analysis Using Vitreous Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging in Rats with Steroid-Induced Glaucoma
Authors: Rodrigo Maria J. , Subías Manuel , Montolío Alberto , Martínez-Rincón Teresa , Aragón-Navas Alba , Bravo-Osuna Irene , Pablo Luis E. , Cegoñino Jose , Herrero-Vanrell Rocío , Garcia-Martin Elena , Pérez del Palomar Amaya
Published: March 2024

Glaucoma is a multifactorial pathology involving the immune system. The subclinical immune response plays a homeostatic role in healthy situations, but in pathological situations, it produces imbalances. Optical coherence tomography detects immune cells in the vitreous as hyperreflective opacities and these are subsequently characterised by computational analysis. This study monitors the changes in immunity in the vitreous in two steroid-induced glaucoma (SIG) animal models created with drug delivery systems (microspheres loaded with dexamethasone and dexamethasone/fibronectin), comparing both sexes and healthy controls over six months. SIG eyes tended to present greater intensity and a higher number of vitreous opacities (p < 0.05), with dynamic fluctuations in the percentage of isolated cells (10 µm2), non-activated cells (10–50 µm2), activated cells (50–250 µm2) and cell complexes (>250 µm2). Both SIG models presented an anti-inflammatory profile, with non-activated cells being the largest population in this study. However, smaller opacities (isolated cells) seemed to be the first responder to noxa since they were the most rounded (recruitment), coinciding with peak intraocular pressure increase, and showed the highest mean Intensity (intracellular machinery), even in the contralateral eye, and a major change in orientation (motility). Studying the features of hyperreflective opacities in the vitreous using OCT could be a useful biomarker of glaucoma.
In Vivo Study on Doxycycline Protective Mechanisms during Myocardial Ischemia Injury in Rats
Authors: Krzywonos-Zawadzka Anna , Olejnik Agnieszka , Sawicki Grzegorz , Bil-Lula Iwona
Published: March 2024

Background: The fact that during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, myosin light chain 1 (MLC1) and troponin I (TnI) are degraded by matrix metalloproteases activity has already been well established in both in vitro and ex vivo studies. However, I/R injury is a complex issue based on several overlapping mechanisms. Increased activity of myosin light chain kinase and nitric oxide synthase due to oxidative stress leads to post-translational modifications of MLC1, thus leading to the increased degradation of these proteins. Methods: Wistar rats were subjected to left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion. To measure the pharmacological effect of doxycycline, transthoracic echocardiography as well as biochemical tests, concentrations of TnI, LDH, MLC1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were performed. Gelatinize activity and cytotoxicity level were also assessed; Results: I.p., administration of doxycycline before LAD occlusion surgery increased TnI and LDH content in the heart and decreased cytotoxicity. A reduction of MMP-2 and MMP-9 concentration and MMP-2 activity after administration of Doxy was also observed, as well as improvement in echocardiographic parameters just 7 days after surgery. Conclusions: Inhibition of MMPs by doxycycline, in vivo, may serve as a protective agent in future therapy.
Polyamine Catabolism and Its Role in Renal Injury and Fibrosis in Mice Subjected to Repeated Low-Dose Cisplatin Treatment
Authors: Zahedi Kamyar , Barone Sharon , Brooks Marybeth , Stewart Tracy Murray , Foley Jackson R. , Nwafor Ashley , Casero Robert A. , Soleimani Manoocher
Published: March 2024

Cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic agent, can cause nephrotoxic and ototoxic injuries. Using a mouse model of repeated low dose cisplatin (RLDC), we compared the kidneys of cisplatin- and vehicle-treated mice on days 3 (early injury phase) and 35 (late injury/recovery phase) after the final treatment. RNA-seq analyses revealed increases in the expression of markers of kidney injury (e.g., lipocalin 2 and kidney injury molecule 1) and fibrosis (e.g., collagen 1, fibronectin, and vimentin 1) in RLDC mice. In addition, we observed increased expression of polyamine catabolic enzymes (spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase, Sat1, and spermine oxidase, Smox) and decreased expression of ornithine decarboxylase (Odc1), a rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine synthesis in mice subjected to RLDC. Upon confirmation of the RNA-seq results, we tested the hypothesis that enhanced polyamine catabolism contributes to the onset of renal injury and development of fibrosis. To test our hypothesis, we compared the severity of RLDC-induced renal injury and fibrosis in wildtype (WT), Sat1-KO, and Smox-KO mice. Our results suggest that the ablation of polyamine catabolic enzymes reduces the severity of renal injury and that modulation of the activity of these enzymes may protect against kidney damage and fibrosis caused by cisplatin treatment.
Design Optimization of a Soft Robotic Rehabilitation Glove Based on Finger Workspace Analysis
Authors: Lee Yechan , Park Hyung-Soon
Published: March 2024

The finger workspace is crucial for performing various grasping tasks. Thus, various soft rehabilitation gloves have been developed to assist individuals with paralyzed hands in activities of daily living (ADLs) or rehabilitation training. However, most soft robotic glove designs are insufficient to assist with various hand postures because most of them use an underactuated mechanism for design simplicity. Therefore, this paper presents a methodology for optimizing the design of a high-degree-of-freedom soft robotic glove while not increasing the design complexity. We defined the required functional workspace of the index finger based on ten frequently used grasping postures in ADLs. The design optimization was achieved by simulating the proposed finger–robot model to obtain a comparable workspace to the functional workspace. In particular, the moment arm length for extension was optimized to facilitate the grasping of large objects (precision disk and power sphere), whereas a torque-amplifying routing design was implemented to aid the grasping of small objects (lateral pinch and thumb–two-finger pinch). The effectiveness of the optimized design was validated through testing with a stroke survivor and comparing the assistive workspace. The observed workspace demonstrated that the optimized glove design could assist with nine out of the ten targeted grasping posture functional workspaces. Furthermore, the assessment of the grasping speed and force highlighted the glove’s usability for various rehabilitation activities. We also present and discuss a generalized methodology to optimize the design parameters of a soft robotic glove that uses an underactuated mechanism to assist the targeted workspace. Overall, the proposed design optimization methodology serves as a tool for developing advanced hand rehabilitation robots, as it offers insight regarding the importance of routing optimization in terms of the workspace.
Life Cycle Assessment of Exopolysaccharides and Phycocyanin Production with Arthrospira platensis
Authors: Cogo Badan Isadora , Jung Sun-Hwa , Singh Rickwinder , Vivekanand Vivekanand , Knappert Justus , Rauh Cornelia , Lindenberger Christoph
Published: March 2024

In the pursuit of sustainable solutions for contemporary environmental challenges arising from the increasing global demand for energy, this study delves into the potential of cyanobacteria, specifically Arthrospira platensis (commonly known as “spirulina”), as a versatile resource. Employing a life cycle assessment (LCA) in accordance with the ISO 14044:2006 standard and employing both midpoint and endpoint indicators, the study comprehensively evaluates environmental impacts. The research explored a range of scenarios, specifically investigating variations in light intensity and harvesting volume. These investigations were carried out using a pilot-scale photobioreactor, specifically an airlift reactor system featuring a horizontal tubular downcomer. The primary focus is on extracting valuable compounds, namely exopolysaccharides and phycocyanin. It emphasized the extraction of value-added products and strategic integration with a biogas plant for process heat, contributing to developing a sustainable supply network and offering insights into environmentally conscious algae cultivation practices with implications for renewable energy and the production of valuable products. The results emphasize the project’s potential economic feasibility with minimal energy impact from by-product extraction. The environmental assessment identifies marine ecotoxicity and fossil resource depletion as principal impacts, predominantly influenced by upstreaming and harvesting stages. After conducting comparisons across various scenarios, it was found that cultivations under higher light intensities have a lower environmental impact than cultivations with low light supply. However, regardless of light intensity, processes with shorter harvesting cycles tend to have a smaller environmental impact compared to processes with longer harvesting cycles. Overall, this research contributes a nuanced and realistic perspective, fostering informed decision-making in sustainable algae cultivation practices, with implications for renewable energy and valuable compound production.
Microstructure, Physical Properties, and Oxidative Stability of Olive Oil Oleogels Composed of Sunflower Wax and Monoglycerides
Authors: Dimakopoulou-Papazoglou Dafni , Zampouni Konstantina , Prodromidis Prodromos , Moschakis Thomas , Katsanidis Eugenios
Published: March 2024

The utilization of natural waxes to form oleogels has emerged as a new and efficient technique for structuring liquid edible oil into solid-like structures for diverse food applications. The objective of this study was to investigate the interaction between sunflower wax (SW) and monoglycerides (MGs) in olive oil oleogels and assess their physical characteristics and storage stability. To achieve this, pure SW and a combination of SW with MGs in a 1:1 ratio were examined within a total concentration range of 6–12% w/w. The formed oleogels were characterized based on their microstructure, melting and crystallization properties, textural characteristics, and oxidative stability during storage. All the oleogels were self-standing, and, as the concentration increased, the hardness of the oleogels also increased. The crystals of SW oleogels were long needle-like, while the combination of SW and MGs led to the formation of crystal aggregates and rosette-like crystals. Differential scanning calorimetry and FTIR showed that the addition of MGs led to different crystal structures. The oxidation results revealed that oleogels had low peroxide and TBARS values throughout the 28-day storage period. These results provide useful insights about the utilization of SW and MGs oleogels for potential applications in the food industry.
Mental Health Status of New Police Trainees before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kim Joungsue , Yoon Jiyoung , Kim Inah , Min Jeehee
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to investigate the mental health of new police trainees during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Korea. Two groups of police trainees were surveyed considering the distribution of gender, age, and education level: those who joined the school before COVID-19 and those who joined during the outbreak. Mental health indicators, including insomnia, depression, and anxiety, were compared between the two groups. The prevalence of insomnia, depression, and anxiety significantly varied in the group that joined during COVID-19 compared with the group that joined before. Specifically, insomnia showed a significant change in women, with a higher rate of 2.6%. Although the prevalence of depression was initially low, it increased from 0.4% to 1.3% during the pandemic. Anxiety rates also showed notable differences, particularly among women, with a higher rate of 4.7%. The highest differences in prevalence were observed in the low-income group, with a rate of 7.7% for anxiety. The findings highlight the vulnerability of police officers to psychosocial effects during disasters such as pandemics. Disaster preparedness programs or education can be integrated into new police officer training institutions to help manage mental health changes and promote overall well-being.
Pull-Out Resistance of Rebar Stake Depending on Installation Conditions and Compaction Levels of Agricultural Soil
Authors: Heo Giseok , Choi Inhyeok , Lee Jinyoung , Lee Heedu , Lim Seongyoon , Kwak Dongyoup
Published: March 2024

Strong winds, particularly in the absence of disaster-resistant designs, significantly impact the stability of greenhouse foundations and eventually lead to structural damage and potential harm to crops. As a countermeasure, rebar stakes are commonly used to reinforce the foundations of non-disaster-resistant greenhouses. This study evaluates the pull-out resistance (Rpull-out) of rebar stakes considering various factors like soil compaction, embedded length, installation duration and angle, and changes in soil water content against uplift pressure by strong winds. A combination of field (i.e., the cone penetration test and rebar stake pull-out test) and laboratory (i.e., the compaction test, soil compaction meter test, and soil box test) tests are performed for the assessment of Rpull-out. The results indicate that Rpull-out increases with higher soil compaction, greater embedded length, longer installation duration, and an inclined installation angle. The soil compaction exerts the most significant impact; 90% to 100% of the soil compaction rate has approximately 10 folds higher Rpull-out than the 60–70% compaction rate. If the embedded length is increased from 20 cm to 40 cm, there is a two-fold increase in the average of Rpull-out. Inclined installation of rebar stakes increases Rpull-out by 250% to 350% compared to vertical installation, and rebar stakes installed prior to the uplift event have 1.5 to 6.4 fold increases in Rpull-out than those with instant installation. Additionally, we observed variations in the surface soil moisture due to climatic changes introducing variability in Rpull-out. These findings lead to the proposition of efficient rebar stake installation methods, contributing to the enhanced stability of a greenhouse.
The “Hit and Run” Hypothesis for Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis
Authors: Ganz Tal , Ben-Hur Tamir
Published: March 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions worldwide. Emerging research has challenged the conventional notion of a direct correlation between amyloid deposition and neurodegeneration in AD. Recent studies have suggested that amyloid and Tau deposition act as a central nervous system (CNS) innate immune driver event, inducing chronic microglial activation that increases the susceptibility of the AD brain to the neurotoxicity of infectious insults. Although modifiable risk factors account for up to 50% of AD risk, the mechanisms by which they interact with the core process of misfolded protein deposition and neuroinflammation in AD are unclear and require further investigation. This update introduces a novel perspective, suggesting that modifiable risk factors act as external insults that, akin to infectious agents, cause neurodegeneration by inducing recurrent acute neurotoxic microglial activation. This pathological damage occurs in AD pathology-primed regions, creating a “hit and run” mechanism that leaves no discernible pathological trace of the external insult. This model, highlighting microglia as a pivotal player in risk factor-mediated neurodegeneration, offers a new point of view on the complex associations of modifiable risk factors and proteinopathy in AD pathogenesis, which may act in parallel to the thoroughly studied amyloid-driven Tau pathology, and strengthens the therapeutic rationale of combining immune modulation with tight control of risk factor-driven insults.
Functional and Rehabilitative Outcomes of Patients Affected by Bone Cancer of the Upper Limb Treated with MUTARS Prosthesis: A Narrative Review
Authors: Codazza Sefora , Ferrara Paola Emilia , Aprovitola Adelaide , Ariani Mariantonietta , La Cagnina Fabiana , Coraci Daniele , Ferriero Giorgio , Ronconi Gianpaolo
Published: March 2024

Megaprostheses are well-known, reliable, and effective reconstruction prostheses used in oncologic surgery for limb salvage in patients affected by primary or metastatic bone tumors. Rehabilitation plays a major role after MUTARS replacement, with the aim of improving function after surgery and maintaining the highest possible quality of life. Only a few studies have been published about the use of megaprostheses for the upper limb. The aim of this narrative review is to describe the results of functional and rehabilitative outcomes of patients affected by bone primary or metastatic bone cancer of the upper limb and surgically treated with MUTARS prostheses. A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus using the following MESH terms: “Mutars”, “Megaprosthesis”, “bone”, “tumors”, “metastasis”, “upper limb”, “rehabilitation”, “outcome”, “quality of life”, and 10 studies were included. The most frequent oncological pathology was found to be metastases of the proximal humerus treated with modular endoprosthesis or modular reverse implants. Outcome measures used were ROM, MSTS, ASES, DASH, Constant-Murley score, Enneking score, VAS, MEP, TESS, and WOSI. Reconstruction of the proximal humerus with the MUTARS system seemed to be a valid treatment option after bone tumor resection. Rehabilitation after MUTARS surgery is very relevant, but currently, functional and rehabilitative outcomes are inadequately represented in the literature. Hence, further studies are needed to define standardized rehabilitation protocols after oncological orthopedic surgery that can be applied routinely in clinical practice.
uw-WiFi: Small-Scale Data Collection Network-Based Underwater Internet of Things
Authors: Zhu Jifeng , Pan Xiaohe , Peng Zheng , Liu Mengzhuo , Guo Jingqian , Cui Jun-Hong
Published: March 2024

The establishment of the Underwater Internet of Things (UIoT) and the realization of interconnection between heterogeneous underwater intelligent devices are urgent global challenges. Underwater acoustic networking is the most suitable technology to achieve UIoT for medium to long ranges. This paper presents an underwater Wi-Fi network, called uw-WiFi, that utilizes a master–slave mode architecture. uw-WiFi is dedicated to solving the problem of underwater acoustic networking with limited coverage range and number of nodes. To ensure the reliability of different types of data in the network, a reliable segmentation transmission protocol based on data type is designed. Additionally, on-demand scheduling based on the reservation MAC protocol is developed to solve the channel resource sharing problem. The uw-WiFi system has undergone shallow sea tests, and the experimental results demonstrate that the uw-WiFi network is capable of achieving a network throughput of 500 bps or higher, indicating superior network performance.
Diversity, Community Structure, and Antagonism of Endophytic Fungi from Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Mongolian Pine Trees
Authors: Ren Ninghong , Wang Lei , You Chongjuan
Published: March 2024

Diplodia tip blight, caused by Diplodia sapinea (=Sphaeropsis sapinea), are widely distributed in Honghuaerji, Inner Mongolia, China, causing severe damage on natural Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica). D. sapinea is an endophyte that becomes pathogenic under conditions of drought, hail damage, or temperature-associated stress. The role of the endophytic community inhabiting different pine tissues in the expression of disease is still unknown. In this study, the diversity and community structure of endophytic fungi among asymptomatic and symptomatic Mongolian pine were detected using culture-based isolation and high-throughput sequencing (HTS), and the potential antagonistic endophytes against D. sapinea were also screened. The results indicated that 198 and 235 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from different tissues of symptomatic and asymptomatic Mongolian pine, respectively. D. sapinea was the most common endophyte isolated from the current-year needles and shoots of symptomatic trees, and Diplodia was also the most common in the HTS data. There were no significant differences in the endophytic fungal species richness among asymptomatic and symptomatic trees, but there were differences observed within specific sampled tissues. The ANOSIM analysis confirmed that the endophytic fungi community structure significantly differed between sampling tissues among symptomatic and asymptomatic Mongolian pine. Furthermore, the antagonism study revealed Penicillium fructuariae-cellae with the ability to inhibit the growth of D. sapinea in vitro, and the potential performance of this fungus, acting as biological control agent, was evaluated under greenhouse. Our findings can pave the way to a better understanding of the interactions between D. sapinea, other endophytic fungi and their hosts, and provide helpful information for more efficient disease management strategies.
Australian English Monophthong Change across 50 Years: Static versus Dynamic Measures
Authors: Cox Felicity , Penney Joshua , Palethorpe Sallyanne
Published: March 2024

Most analyses of monophthong change have historically relied on static acoustic measures. It is unclear the extent to which dynamic measures can shed greater light on monophthong change than can already be captured using such static approaches. In this study, we conducted a real-time trend analysis of vowels in corpora collected from female Mainstream Australian English (MAusE) speakers under 30 years of age across three time periods: the 1960s, 1990s, and 2010s. Using three different methods for characterising the first and second formants (the target-based approach, discrete cosine transform (DCT), and generalised additive mixed model (GAMM)), we statistically examined differences for each of 10 monophthongs to outline change over the fifty-year period. Results show that all three methods complement each other in capturing the changing vowel system, with the DCT and GAMM analyses superior in their ability to provide greater nuanced detail that would be overlooked without consideration of dynamicity. However, if consideration of the vowel system as a whole is of interest (i.e., the relationships between the vowels), visualising the vowel space can facilitate interpretation, and this may require reference to static measures. We also acknowledge that locating the source of vowel dynamic differences in sound change involves reference to surrounding phonetic context.
Roles of Mechanosensitive Channel Piezo1 in Wound Healing and Scar Formation
Authors: Rennekampff Hans-Oliver , Tenenhaus Mayer , Rennekampff Isabelle , Alharbi Ziyad
Published: March 2024

The ability to heal one’s wounds is perhaps one of the most fundamental and critical of physiologic processes. This coordinated and closely regulated sequential biological process involves a variety of migratory and resident cells. The activation, modulation, balance, and control of these functions depend upon soluble mediators that activate cells and modulate their diverse functions. Recent advances have identified mechanotransduction as functionally integral in many different cell types and physiologic processes. The mechanically sensitive ion channel Pieoz1 is expressed on platelets, neutrophils, macrophages, endothelial cells, keratinocytes, and fibroblasts, all of which are principally involved in wound healing. On a cellular level, there have been great advances in our understanding of the functional role of Piezo1 mechanotransduction in cutaneous wounding. The blocking of Piezo1 has recently been shown to reduce scarring in vivo and yet, thus far, a comprehensive understanding of the roles that Piezo1 plays in in vivo wound healing remains lacking. Recognizing the ever-present and critical importance of optimal and reparative wound healing, and with the availability of new physical mechanomodulating devices, the time is ripe for gaining deeper insights into optimizing wound healing. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of Piezo1 related to wound healing.
The Photophysics of Diphenyl Polyenes Analyzed by Their Solvatochromism
Authors: Catalán Javier , Hopf Henning
Published: March 2024

The solvent-dependent intensity changes in the first UV/Vis absorption band of the three polyenes DPH, DPHb, and ttbP3 dissolved in a hydrocarbon solvent with temperature allow for the conclusion that, at temperatures above 233 K, the two phenyl groups of DPH are rotated out-of-plane to yield a non-coplanar molecular structure. This leads to the conclusion that DPH becomes increasingly less coplanar as the temperature rises above 233 K. When the phenyl groups rotate out-of-plane, the polarizability decreases, and the energy of the first electronic transition increases by an extra value. Therefore, below 233 K, the correlation lines between the absorption energy of the 0–0 component of the UV/Vis absorption band and the solvent polarizability, as measured by the SP values, show bilinear behavior. The unexpected behavior shown by DPH dissolved in tetrachloro- and dichloromethane is discussed. We dedicate this research as a tribute to the very important contribution to the solvent effect made by Prof. Christian Reichardt and also to his generous and altruistic scientific help that he has always shown.
An Adapted NURBS Interpolator with a Switched Optimized Method of Feed-Rate Scheduling
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyang
Published: March 2024

With the increasing demand for processing precision in the manufacturing industry, feed-rate scheduling is a crucial component in achieving the processing quality of complex surfaces. A smooth feed-rate profile not only guarantees machining quality but also improves machining efficiency. Although the typical offline feed-rate scheduling method possesses good processing efficiency, it may not provide an optimal solution due to the NP-hard problem caused by the feed-rate scheduling of continuous curve segments, which easily results in excess kinetic limitations and feed-rate fluctuations in a real-time interpolation. Instead, the FIR (Finite Impulse Response) method is widely used to realize interpolation in real-time processing. However, the FIR method will filter out a large number of high-frequency signals, leading to a low-processing efficiency. Further, greater acceleration or deceleration is required to ensure the interpolation passes through the segment end at a predefined feed rate and the deceleration in the feed rate profile appears earlier, which allows the interpolation to easily exceed the kinetic limitation. At present, a simple offline or online method cannot realize the global optimization of the feed-rate profile and guarantee the machining efficiency. Moreover, the current feed-rate scheduling that considers both offline and online methods does not consider the situation that the call of offline data and online prediction data will lead to a decrease in the real-time performance of the CNC system. Further, real-time feed-rate scheduling data tend to dominate the whole interpolation process, thus reducing the effect of the offline feed-rate scheduling data. Hence, based on the tool path with C3 continuity (Cubic Continuously Differentiable), this paper first presents a basic interpolation unit relevant to the S-type interpolation feed-rate profile. Then, an offline local smooth strategy is proposed to smooth the feed-rate profile and reduce the exceeding of kinetic limitations and feed-rate fluctuations caused by frequent acceleration and deceleration. Further, a global online smoothing strategy based on the data generated by offline pre-interpolation is presented. What is more, FIR login and logout conditions are proposed to further smooth the feed-rate profile and improve the real-time performance and machining efficiency. The case study validates that the proposed method performs better in kinetic results compared with the typical offline and FIR methods in both the simulation experiment and actual machining experiments. Especially, in actual processing experiments, the proposed method obtains a 28% reduction in contour errors. Further, the proposed method compared with the FIR method obtains a 15% increase in machining efficiency but only a 4% decrease compared with the typical offline method.
Assessment of the Correlation between the Monitored Operating Parameters and Bearing Life in the Milling Head of a CNC Computer Numerical Control Machining Center
Authors: Baron Petr , Pivtorak Oleksandr , Ivan Ján , Kočiško Marek
Published: March 2024

The present paper describes a study conducted at the request of the operator of machining center equipment. The operator observed undesirable indicators in terms of increased backlash and vibration of the milling head and poor quality of the machined surfaces. Vibration measurements and vibrodiagnostics were carried out before disassembling the milling head in the idle state. The bearings, lubricant, and friction regime were analyzed in the next step. The vibrodiagnostic methods used included VEL, ACC, EN2, EN3, and EN4, with recommended limits conforming to STN ISO 10816-3. The vibration values obtained indicated a problem with the bearings, exceeding the limit values. After disassembly of the bearings, abrasive wear, corrosion, and improper lubricant conditions were detected. Lubricant analysis showed the presence of abrasive and corrosive particles, indicating an unsatisfactory friction regime. Determining the optimum lubricant temperature and the effect on friction torque constituted other aspects of the study. Inspection of the bearing microgeometry confirmed unsatisfactory roundness. Furthermore, the assembly of tapered roller bearings with axial preload was analyzed with a focus on bearing stiffness, accuracy, and life. The results showed that preload improves shaft guidance accuracy and load distribution, promoting reliable operation and extending bearing life.
REFS-A Risk Evaluation Framework on Supply Chain
Authors: Mihálcz István , Kosztyán Zsolt T.
Published: March 2024

Large, powerful corporations were formerly solely and exclusively responsible for supplies, manufacturing, and distribution; however, the supply chain has undergone significant transformations over the last half-century. Almost all supply chain processes are currently outsourced, owing to the initiatives of cutting-edge, contemporary businesses. According to a compilation of studies, analysts, and news sources, the level of risk associated with modern supply chains is considerably higher than the majority of supply chain managers believe. Supply chain vulnerabilities continue to pose a substantial obstacle for a great number of organizations. Neglecting to adequately address these risks—encompassing natural disasters, cyber assaults, acts of terrorism, the credit crisis, pandemic scenarios, and war—could result in substantial reductions in metrics such as profitability, productivity, revenue, and competitive advantage. Unresolved concerns persist with respect to the risk assessment of the supply chain. The purpose of this article is to propose a framework for risk evaluation that can be efficiently applied to the evaluation of hazards within the supply chain. This research study significantly enhances the existing knowledge base by offering supply chain managers a pragmatic tool to evaluate their processes, regardless of the mathematical foundations or the variety of variables utilized in risk assessment. The outcomes of multiple aggregation methods are compared using a case study from an automotive EMS production; the conclusions are validated by risk and FMEA specialists from the same factory.
Design of Inner Matching Three-Stage High-Power Doherty Power Amplifier Based on GaN HEMT Model
Authors: Li Renyi , Ge Chen , Liang Chenwei , Zhong Shichang
Published: March 2024

This paper introduces the structure and characteristics of an internal-matching high-power Doherty power amplifier based on GaN HEMT devices with 0.25 μm process platforms from the Nanjing Electronic Devices Institute. Through parameter extraction and load-pull testing of the model transistor, an EE_HEMT model for the 1.2 mm gate-width GaN HEMT device was established. This model serves as the foundation for designing a high-power three-stage Doherty power amplifier. The amplifier achieved a saturated power gain exceeding 9 dB in continuous wave mode, with a saturated power output of 49.7 dBm. The drain efficiency was greater than 65% at 2.6 GHz. At 9 dB power back-off point, corresponding to an output power of 40.5 dBm, the drain efficiency remained above 55%. The performance of the amplifier remains consistent within the 2.55–2.62 GHz frequency range. The measured power, efficiency, and gain of the designed Doherty power amplifier align closely with the simulation results based on the EE_HEMT model, validating the accuracy of the established model. Furthermore, the in-band matching design reduces the size and weight of the amplifier. The amplifier maintains normal operation even after high and low-temperature testing, demonstrating its reliability. In conjunction with DPD (digital pre-distortion) for the modulated signal test, the amplifier exhibits extremely high linearity (ACLR < −50.93 dBc). This Doherty power amplifier holds potential applications in modern wireless communication scenarios.
Indirect Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Routine Childhood Vaccination in Low-Income Countries: A Systematic Review to Set the Scope for Future Pandemics
Authors: Beetch Jessica E. , Janitz Amanda , Beebe Laura A. , Gowin Mary , Xu Chao , Clifton Shari , Kuhn Katrin Gaardbo
Published: March 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic halted progress in global vaccine coverage and disrupted routine childhood vaccination practices worldwide. While there is ample evidence of the vaccination decline experienced during the pandemic, it is less clear how low-income countries were affected. We executed a systematic review to synthesize the current literature on the impacts of routine childhood vaccinations in low-income countries from 1 January 2020 to 8 February 2023. We collected data using an extraction form on Covidence and assessed the quality of studies included in the review using the Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Effect estimates for changes in vaccination during the pandemic were reported and summarized. Factors that influenced changes were grouped into descriptive themes. Thirteen studies, encompassing 18 low-income countries and evaluating 15 vaccines at varying doses, were included in the final review. We found that routine childhood vaccinations during the COVID-19 pandemic varied considerably by vaccine type, location, and phase of the pandemic. Nine different themes were identified as factors that influenced changes in vaccination. Documenting past experiences and lessons learned is crucial for informing preparedness efforts in anticipation of future public health emergencies. Failure to effectively address these things in the next public health emergency could result in a recurrence of declining routine childhood vaccinations.
Supplemental Silicon and Boron Alleviates Aluminum-Induced Oxidative Damage in Soybean Roots
Authors: Wang Shuwei , Cheng Haijing , Wei Yunmin
Published: March 2024

Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acidic soils is a major abiotic stress that negatively impacts plant growth and development. The toxic effects of Al manifest primarily in the root system, leading to inhibited root elongation and functionality, which impairs the above-ground organs of the plant. Recent research has greatly improved our understanding of the applications of small molecule compounds in alleviating Al toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the role of boron (B), silicon (Si), and their combination in alleviating Al toxicity in soybeans. The results revealed that the combined application significantly improved the biomass and length of soybean roots exposed to Al toxicity compared to B and Si treatments alone. Our results also indicated that Al toxicity causes programmed cell death (PCD) in soybean roots, while B, Si, and their combination all alleviated the PCD induced by Al toxicity. The oxidative damage induced by Al toxicity was noticeably alleviated, as evidenced by lower MAD and H2O2 accumulation in the soybean roots treated with the B and Si combination. Moreover, B, Si, and combined B and Si significantly enhanced plant antioxidant systems by up-regulating antioxidant enzymes including CAT, POD, APX, and SOD. Overall, supplementation with B, Si, and their combination was found to alleviate oxidative damage and reduce PCD caused by Al toxicity, which may be one of the mechanisms by which they alleviate root growth inhibition due to Al toxicity. Our results suggest that supplementation with B, Si, and their combination may be an effective strategy to improve soybean growth and productivity against Al toxicity.
Classification of Planetary Motion around Super-Jupiters and Brown Dwarfs
Authors: Zotos Euaggelos E. , Moneer Eman M. , Hinse Tobias C.
Published: March 2024

We investigate the orbital dynamics of an exosystem consisting of a solar-mass host star, a transiting body, and an Earth-size exoplanet within the framework of the generalized three-body problem. Depending on its mass, the transiting body can either be a super-Jupiter or a brown dwarf. To determine the final states of the Earth-size exoplanet, we conduct a systematic and detailed classification of the available phase space trajectories. Our classification scheme distinguishes between the bounded, escape, and collisional motions of the Earth-size exoplanet. Additionally, for cases of ordered (regular) motion, we further categorize the associated initial conditions based on the geometry of their respective trajectories. These bounded regular trajectories hold significant importance as they provide insights into the regions of phase space where the motion of the Earth-size exoplanet can be dynamically stable. Of particular interest is the identification of initial conditions that result in a bounded exomoon-like orbit of the Earth-size exoplanet around the transiting body.
Nuclear Modification Factor of Inclusive Charged Particles in Au+Au Collisions at sNN = 27 GeV with the STAR Experiment
Authors: Aitbayev Alisher
Published: March 2024

The Beam Energy Scan (BES) program at RHIC aims to explore the QCD phase diagram, including the search for the evidence of the 1st order phase transition from hadronic matter to Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) and the location of the QCD critical point. One of the features previously observed in the study of QGP is the effect of suppression of particle production with high transverse momenta pT (>2 GeV/c) at energies sNN = 62.4–200 GeV, which was deduced from the charged-particle nuclear modification factor (RCP) measured using the data from Beam Energy Scan Program Phase I (BES-I) of STAR experiment. In 2018, STAR has collected over 500 million events from Au+Au collisions at sNN = 27 GeV as a part of the STAR BES-II program, which is about a factor of 10 higher than BES-I 27 GeV data size. In this report, we present new measurements of charged particle production and the nuclear modification factor RCP, from this new 27 GeV data set and compare them with the BES-I results. The new measurements extend the previous BES-I results to higher transverse momentum range, which allows better exploration of the jet quenching effects at low RHIC energies, and may help to understand the effects of the formation and properties of QGP at these energies.
A correlation between anxiety-depressive symptoms and immune-metabolic parameters in patients with mixed anxiety and depressive disorder
Authors:   State Healthcare Institution of the Voronezh Region «Voronezh Regional Clinical Psychoneurological Dispensary », Bakuleva N. I. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Shiryaev O. Yu. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Zemskova V. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Choporov O. N. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Zemskov A. M. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ermolenko N. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Dorokhov E. V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Published: March 2024

According to literature data, anxiety and depressive disorders are the most common mental diseases worldwide. Currently, a hypothesis of possible immune metabolic regulation of the central nervous system was put forward. The authors evaluated the indicators of humoral, cellular, and metabolic immunity in patients suffering from mixed anxiety and depressive disorder, who were under the supervision of a psychiatrist at the day hospital of the Voronezh Regional Clinical Psychoneurological Dispensary. Indicators of anxiety and depression were assessed by means of psychometric method, clinical interview, and clinical psychopathological examination, and the indicators of immune and metabolic status were examined. It was found that symptoms of anxiety and depression were accompanied by changes in immune and metabolic status. It is supposed that variations in clinical, immunological, and metabolic parameters are coordinated elements of a single pathogenetic mechanism for the formation of anxiet y-depressive spectrum disorders.
ASUHAN KOMPREHENSIF PADA NY. D DENGAN KPD DAN HIPERTENSI GESTASIONAL DISERTAI PENERAPAN PIJAT ENDORPHIN DAN AROMATHERAPHY
Authors: Khoerotun Nisa Rifka , Pulungan Yulinda
Published: March 2024

Asuhan kebidanan komprehensif adalah asuhan yang diberikan secara menyeluruh dan berkesinambungan, diantaranya yaitu pada saat bersalin. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mendeteksi adanya komplikasi dalam persalinan seperti Ketuban Pecah Dini dan Hipertensi Gestasional. Dalam proses persalinan terjadi sebuah kombinasi antara proses fisik dan pengalaman emosional bagi seorang perempuan.  Salah satu upaya dalam mengatasi kecemasan dan meningkatkan kemajuan persalinan adalah dengan memberikan asuhan pijat endorpin dan aromaterapi. Pijat endorpin adalah teknik sentuhan ringan yang dapat membantu memberikan rasa tenang dan nyaman dalam proses persalinan serta meningkatkan hormon oksitosin yang jarang diketahui oleh banyak orang. Selain itu, pemberian aromaterapi sereh dan minyak zaitun dengan metode uap air serta inhalasi mampu memberikan kenyaman ataupun ketenangan pada saat menghadapi persalinan. Sehingga persalinan dapat berjalan dengan lebih nyaman, tenang dan fokus dengan kontraksi yang lebih stabil. Laporan pada studi kasus ini menggunakan metode studi penelaahan kasus (case study) yang terdiri dari unit tunggal. Unit tunggal merupakan satu orang ibu yang diberikan asuhan sejak masa kehamilan hingga KB dengan penerapan asuhan kebidanan 7 Langkah Varney pada pengkajian awal disertai menggunakan metode SOAP ( Subjektif, objektif, analisis, penatalaksanaan) dan dilakukan sejak 2 Februari 2023 hingga 7 April 2023. Didapatkan hasil bahwa aromaterapi sereh kombinasi minyak zaitun dan pemberian pijat endorphin mempengaruhi/1penurunan kecemasan pada saat bersalin. Selain itu, dengan adanya kenyaman pada ibu mampu meningkatkan konsentrasi pada ibu dan peningkatan kontraksi dengan lebih stabil pada janin. Sehingga Persalinan dapat berjalan dengan baik.
Kata Kunci : Pijat Endorpin, Aromaterapi, KPD, Hipertensi
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, KEPEMILIKAN MANAJERIAL, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP KONSERVATISME AKUNTANSI
Authors: Rhemananda Hosea , . Widaryanti , . Mohklas
Published: March 2024

This study aims to analyze the effect of Profitability, Managerial Ownership and Firm Size on Accounting Conservatism. With a sample of 40 Property and Real Estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2019 selected using the purposive sampling method. The data obtained in this study used the documentation method. With multiple regression analysis method. The results of this study are profitability has a significant positive effect on accounting conservatism, managerial ownership has a positive and insignificant effect on accounting conservatism, firm size has a significant positive effect on accounting conservatism.Keywords: profitability, managerial ownership, firm size and accounting conservatism
FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI INITIAL RETURN (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan yang IPO di BEI Periode 2011-2020)
Authors: Kurnia Anita , . Widaryanti , Latifah Nurul
Published: March 2024

This study aims to analyze the effect of ROA, DER, EPS, company size and company age on initial return. The independent variables used in this study are the factors that affect the initial return. The dependent variable in this study is initial return. This study uses secondary data derived from annual financial statements. The population in this study are all IPO companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2011-2020. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling and the number of samples is 286 data. Data analysis method using multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that ROA, DER, and EPS have no significant effect on Initial Return. Firm Size and Company Age have a negative and significant effect on Initial Return.Keywords: ROA, DER, EPS, Company Size, Company Age and Initial Return