bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Big Five Personality Traits and Their Variations Across IT Job Positions
Authors:   National University «Lviv Polytechnic», Chayka Rostyslav
Published: November 2024

Introduction. This study explores the variations in the Big Five personality traits – Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism – across different job positions in the IT industry. Aim. To investigate how the Big Five personality traits differ across various job roles within the IT sector. Method. 155 IT professionals from management, software development, data science, human resources, and other roles participated in this study. The Big Five traits were assessed using the BFI-2-XS questionnaire, and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was employed to analyze the data. Results. Significant differences in personality profiles were observed across job roles. Data Scientists exhibited the highest levels of Openness, while Management and HR professionals scored higher on Conscientiousness and Extraversion. No significant differences were found in Agreeableness and Neuroticism across the job positions. Conclusion. The findings provide valuable insights into how personality traits align with specific job demands in the IT industry, offering practical implications for recruitment, team composition, and career development strategies.
Technologies for promoting staff's mental health and well-being in conditions of war: implementation levels, forms and phases
Authors:   G. S. Kostiuk Institute of psychology of the NAES of Ukraine, Karamushka Liudmyla
Published: November 2024

Introduction. An important factor in promoting staff's mental health and well-being in conditions of war is a system of psychological technologies that can be used both in a single organization and in a number of interacting organizations in a community, industry, etc. This problem has been poorly studied in Ukrainian psychology. Aim: to determine the levels, forms and phases of technologies for promoting staff's mental health and well-being in conditions of war. Methods: study and systematization of relevant literature, theoretical analysis of the problem, the author's personal experience as a coach and counselor. Results. The psychological technologies for promoting staff's mental health and well-being in conditions of war have a macro-level (industry level), meso-level (organizational and community level), and micro-level (staff level). The technology forms included online all-Ukrainian webinars, off- and online scientific and practical forums, off- and online trainings in organizations and institutes of postgraduate education, Healthy organization programs, community members and staff organizational, psychological and social support projects, counseling and psychotherapeutic sessions, as well as individual projects. The author also analyzed the introductory, main, and final phases of the program Technologies for promoting staff's mental health and well-being in conditions of war. Conclusions. The technologies for promoting staff's mental health and well-being in conditions of war can be used by psychologists and counselors, new technology developers, and can also promote managers’ understanding of the role of staff’s mental health in organization’s efficiency.
Social and psychological adaptation of disabled and non-disabled students to learning conditions during war time
Authors:   Open International University of Human Development ", Ovcharenko Olena ,   Ukraine"
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Students’ socio-psychological adaptation to university life is a serious issue due to extreme living conditions under martial law in Ukraine, which directly affect students’ academic performance, as well as to the possible mobilization of male students in senior years of study. Being a student is quite stressful and it is important to explore the factors that contribute to stress and the ways students can cope with stress and maintain their mental well-being. It is important for students to understand who they are in the context of university environment and to feel included in social groups and communities. Aim: to identify the socio-psychological adaptation of disabled and non-disabled students to the conditions of martial law; to explore the relationship between social and psychological characteristics of students with different disabilities. Methods: K. Rogers and R. Diamond Assessment of Socio-Psychological Adaptation (adaptation by A.K. Osnyctkiy, 2004); PSS-10 (Perceived Stress Scale) (Veldbrecht, 2022); latest research findings and surveys. Results. It was found that students with disabilities had higher "maladaptability", lower "self-acceptance", "emotional comfort" and "dominance" than non-disabled students. The disabled students had "rejection of others" and "internality" below the norm. It was found that all adaption indicators were high in students who had been disabled since childhood, while the students with acquired disabilities had high "adaptability" and "dominance". Students with impaired hearing and/or movement disorders had high levels of all adaptation indicators. Conclusion. The findings may allow better understanding of students' personalities and their adaptive abilities in the conditions of the martial law as well as they can be helpful for improvement of educational programs.
Training program for optimizing military self-acceptance of military academy cadets
Authors:   G.S. Kostiuk Institute of psychology of the NAES of Ukraine, Orzheshko Dmytro
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Development and optimization of military self-acceptance of cadets of military academies with the help of training technologies is a burning problem to solve by Ukrainian military psychology. Aim. To develop a program and describe the content of a training course to optimize military self-acceptance of military academy cadets. Methods. Theoretical analysis and modeling were used to develop a training program to optimize self-awareness of cadets, in particular from the perspective of their military self-acceptance. Results. The developed training program was aimed at intensive development in mainly interactive forms of cadets' communicative-perceptive, self-regulatory, self-presentational, identification, adaptation and other competencies to optimize their military self-acceptance. Conclusions. The training program can be used to optimize the military self-acceptance of cadets at Ukrainian military institutions.
البعثة النبوية من خلال كتاب السيرة المحمدية-السيرة والمسيرة للمستشرق الفرنسي إميل درمنغم (ت: 1391ه/ 1997م)
Authors: امل حمودي رشيد م. د.
Published: November 2024

اهتم المسترقون الفرنسيون اهتماما بالغا بدراسة السيرة النبوية وتأليف الكتب عنها وتسليط الضوء عليها، حسب وجهة نظرهم واستقرائهم لأحداثها، التي تعد أهم عناصر الدين الإسلامي وشريعته السمحاء، بعد كتاب الله عز وجل –القرآن الكريم- كونها المصدر الرئيس للسنة النبوية، وهي ثاني مصادر التشريع الإسلامي، وقد ضمت آراء المستشرفين الفرنسيين اتجاهات متعددة منها معتدلة ومنها متعصبة وأخرى حاولت أن تكون حيادية قدر المستطاع، وقد انعكست على كتاباتهم لحياة النبي محمد صلى الله عليه وآله، ومن هؤلاء المستشرق اميل درمنغم الذي خصص كتابا بعنوان (الشخصية المحمدية السيرة والمسيرة) يستعرض فيه حياة النبي محمد صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم بطريقته ومنهجه
سياسة الاحتواء البريطانية في مصر 1914-1936
Authors: محمد عبد الستار عبد الكريم م.م.
Published: November 2024

شكلت مصر أهمية إستراتيجية مؤثرة في سياق المخططات البريطانية الرامية إلى تقرير وجودها في قناة السويس , ولذلك تأكدت سياسة الاحتواء البريطانية في ضوء تطبيق الحماية البريطانية على مصر عام 1914, إلا أن  تلك الإجراءات فشلت أمام الحركة الاستقلالية في مصر التي انطلقت "ثورة عام 1919" فأعادت بريطانيا العمل في سياستها لاحتواء فعاليات الثورة فأعلنت إلغاء الحماية البريطانية في مصر عام 1922, من نتائج ذلك تغيير الحماية بنظام من نوع آخر يقرر استقلال مصر في الوقت الذي تحصل عليه بريطانيا بواسطة معاهدة عام 1936 على الضمانات التي كانت الحماية تحققها, وقد أكد ذلك بنود المعاهدة أنها حماية مغلقة بطبقة رقيقة من الاستقلال في المستقبل.
حق الضحايا في التعويض وفق الشريعة الاسلامية والمحكمة الجنائية
Authors: فادي حكمت كاظم الباحث
Published: November 2024

ان حماية حقوق ضحايا الجريمة ليست موضوعًا جديدًا للخبراء في تطبيق قواعد القانون الجنائي ، كما أن القانون ليس جديدًا بعد وجود هذه القواعد ، بعد أن يفهمها المجتمع البشري في شكل عرف أو تقليد أو كتابي قواعد. العلماء لم يتطرقوا ، فمن الأنسب القول إنه موضوع قديم وأحدث ، فهو قديم قدم المجتمع البشري الأول ، لأن الضحية له حق مطلق في معاقبة المجرم أو العفو عنه ، وهذا ليس له صلة بالموضوع. إلى ما اتخذته المجتمعات البشرية الأولى. الأشكال القبلية ، لكنها استمرت في الوجود لمعظم تاريخ البشرية حتى بعد أن اتخذت هذه المجتمعات شكل الدولة وتنظيمها للإجراءات الجنائية بهدف معاقبة المجرمين. تاريخيا ، ركز خبراء الجريمة والعقوبات على تأكيد حقوق ضحايا الجريمة وتعزيز تحقيقها ، في حين أن الجاني يعتبر عدوا للمجتمع وبالتالي لا يحظى باهتمام ورعاية هؤلاء الخبراء.
ولا شك في أن أهمية الجريمة لا تزال في ازدياد في العالم النامي ، حيث أن الضرر الناجم عن الجريمة أكثر خطورة وأكثر فاعلية من نظيراتها في البلدان المتقدمة ، حيث يمكن للثروة ومستويات المعيشة المرتفعة أن تستوعب الكثير من الضرر الناجم عن جرائمهم.
وقد هدف البحث الى الكشف عن معرفة حقوق الضحايا وضمانات استيفائها امام المحكمة الجنائية الدولية .
ولتحقيق البحث حددت الباحث في المبحث الاول العناصر الاساسية للبحث وهي مشكلة البحث واهميته واهدافه وتحديد المصطلحات الخاصة به واما المبحث الثاني فقد تناول حقوق الضحايا في التعويض وفق الشريعة الاسلامية والمحكمة الجنائية وختم البحث بخاتمة تضمنت النتائج والتوصيات الخاصة بالبحث .
الكلمات المفتاحية : حقوق الضحايا ، التعويض ، الشريعة الاسلامية ، المحكمة الجنائية .
الموقف النقدي لفريدريك شلايرماخر من منكري الدين
Authors: مصطفى رزاق علاوي م.د
Published: November 2024

نحــاول فــي هــذا البحــث – ولو بشيء يسير-  أن نبيــن موقف شــلايرماخر النقدي من بعض منكري الدين ، منطلقين مــن المؤثرات الدينية والاجتماعية والفكرية التي أثــرت على هذا الفيلســوف، والتي كونت نسيجــه الفكــري، فشلايرماخــر يعــد – بحق - مؤسس الهرمنيوطيقــا العامــة، وأبا الدراســات الدينية الحديثــة، فاليه يعود الفضل بتقديم فهمــاً مختلفاً جديداً للدين، كانت اولى محاولاته مــن خلاله أن ينتصر على أولئك المثقفين الذين إحتقــروا الدين وقللوا من شأنه نتيجة عقليتهــم المتطرفة وعدم فهمهم لحقيقــة الدين وجوهره، لذلك نجد كتابه المعنون " عن الدين خطابــات لمحتقريه مــن المثقفين" ، عبــارة عن خطابات يهاجم فيها المثقفين، ولكن هــذه الخطابــات لم تجعل شــلايرماخر تاركاً الكنيســة الكاثوليكيــة ولفلاسفة الديــن من دون توجيه نقداً لهم ، فقد كان يراهم قد أساؤوا إلى الدين نتيجة خلطه مع حقول أخــرى لاتتفق معــه بالجوهر نفسه، فالدين عنده هو الشعور بالتواصل مع المطلق.
العلاقة بين المسؤولية الجنائية والمدنية للموظف العام
Authors: سجاد رعد كاظم الجصاني م.م.
Published: November 2024

يمارس الموظف العام مختلف ضروب النشاطات المرفقية والضبطية في تأدية الواجبات المنوطة به وهو في ممارسة هذا النشاط قد يلحق ضرراً بالغير ينشا عن فعل يباشره أو يتسبب فيه أو يصدر عمن هم تحت رقابته أو عن أشياء تحت حراسته وقد ينشا الضرر من الامتناع عن فعل يوجبه القانون عند ذلك يتدخل القانون ليرتب جزاءً على من الحق بغيره ضرراً وهو جزاء يفرض في نطاق المسؤولية القانونية إلا أن هذه المسؤولية تتنوع من حيث الصور وتختلف من حيث الطبيعة فأما أن يقررها القانون العقابي وتسمى بالمسؤولية الجنائية.
 أن أهمية هذه الدراسة هي إظهار درجة الاستقلالية الموجودة بين المسؤولية الجنائية والمدنية وتأثير الإجراءات المتبعة أثناء ممارسة المتابعة الجنائية على الموظفين على المسؤولية التأديبية ، وكذلك لفهم صحة الأحكام الجنائية التي تم الحصول عليها من قبل السلطات التأديبية   وأثر ظهور العقوبات والمسؤولية التأديبية على العلاقة الوظيفية للموظفين ، وذلك لتنوير فئات الموظفين المشمولين بقانون الخدمة المدنية من حيث الإجراءات التأديبية المتخذة بحقهم. حوادث الخطأ المهني التي قد تؤدي إلى مسؤولية جنائية ومدنية.
وقد هدف البحث الى الكشف عن معرفة مفهوم المسؤولية الجنائية والمدنية للموظف العام والعلاقة بين المسؤوليتين.
ولتحقيق البحث حدد الباحث في المبحث الاول العناصر الاساسية للبحث وهي مشكلة البحث واهميته واهدافه وتحديد المصطلحات الخاصة به واما المبحث الثاني فقد تناول قيام المسؤولية الجنائية والمدنية للموظف العام وختم البحث بخاتمة تضمنت النتائج والتوصيات الخاصة بالبحث .
الصحة التنظيمية في وزارة التربية والتعليم الفلسطينية وفقاً لنظرية النضج الوظيفي لهيرسي وبلانشارد، وسبل تعزيزها
Authors: أسيل محمد خليل شنان الباحثة
Published: November 2024

هدف البحث معرفة واقع الصحة التنظيمية للإداريين العاملين في وزارة التربية والتعليم الفلسطينية وفقاً لنظرية النضج الوظيفي لهيرسي وبلانشارد، وسبل تعزيزها، تكون مجتمع البحث من جميع الإداريين العاملين في ديوان عام وزارة التربية والتعليم والمديريات، للعام الأكاديمي (2024-2023)، والبالغ عددهم (2127) إدارياً، وتكونت عينة البحث من (375) إدارياً، تم اختيارهم بالطريقة الطبقية العشوائية، استخدمت الاستبانة كأداة للبحث، وتم بناء مقياس للصحة التنظيمية وفقاً لنظرية النضج الوظيفي لهيرسي وبلانشارد، واحتوى المقياس بصورته النهائية على (60) مؤشرا للصحة التنظيمية، توزعت على مراحل نضج الموظف الأربعة لدى هيرسي وبلانشارد وهي: الموظف المبتدئ، والموظف النامي والموظف الماهر والموظف الخبير، وتضمنت كل مرحلة خمسة أبعاد للصحة التنظيمية هي: القيادة، والقدرات، والإبداع، والتكيف التنظيمي، والاتصال. تم التأكد من صدق الأداة وثباتها، إذ بلغت قيمة معامل الثبات للدرجة الكلية لمقياس الصحة التنظيمية (0.974)، وتم اعتماد حزمة البرامج الإحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية في تحليل البيانات، إذ أظهرت النتائج أن تقديرات أفراد عينة الدراسة لواقع الصحة التنظيمية في وزارة التربية والتعليم الفلسطينية جاءت بدرجة متوسطة، أوصت الباحثة بضرورة تبني الوزارة خططا جدية لتعزيز الصحة التنظيمية للعاملين.
جودة الادارة الصفية لمدرسات التربية الرياضية في محافظة واسط
Authors: هديل جبار حسين الباحثة , حسين رحيم الهماش ا.د.
Published: November 2024

تتحدد مشكلة البحث في أن البيئة الحالية للتدريسي تتميز بكثير من الصعوبات والمعوقات التي تعيق عمل مدرسي التربية الرياضية؛ لذا يجب عليهم أن يراقبوا ويغيروا بصورة مستمرة من أساليبهم وطرائقهم من أجل السيطرة على الدرس؛ والحنكة في إدارة الصف نابعة من النمو المهني المستمر. ويمكن تلخيص المشكلة بالسؤال الآتي: ما واقع صورة إدارة الصف لدى مدرسات التربية الرياضية في محافظة واسط ؟ ويهدف البحث إلى إعداد مقياس الإدارة الصفية لمدرسات التربية الرياضية في واسط, ومعرفة الإدارة الصفية لمدرسات التربية الرياضية في واسط. ولتحقيق هذه الأهداف استخدمت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي بالأسلوب المسحي, واختارت عينة قوامها 79 مدرسة في محافظة واسط, وبعدها قامت بإجراءاته الميدانية بإعداد مقياس الإدارة الصفية, واستخراج الأسس العلمية لهما, وبعدها طبقت الباحثة المقياس على عينة البحث؛ لاستخراج النتائج التي أدت إلى عدة استنتاجات, منها: سهولة تطبيق المقياس على عينة البحث. وإن مدرسات التربية الرياضية بتمتعن بإدارة صفية مثالية, وإن هناك مقومات رئيسة تساعد على جودة الإدارة الصفية. وقد أوصت الباحثة بما يأتي: ضرورة تشجيع وتحفيز مدرسات التربية الرياضية وتقديم الدعم اللازم لهن, ووضع دورات تدريبية تطورية تهتم بالإدارة الصفية؛ من شأنها تطوير وتعزيز متغيرات البحث, و ضرورة استخدام مقياس البحث بشكل دوري على مدرسات التربية الرياضية.
جهود خلفاء العصر العباسي الأول في تطور الحركة العلمية(132 – 232 هـ / 749 – 848 م)
Authors: احمد كامل عبطان الزبيدي الباحث
Published: November 2024

شهدت الدولة العباسية خلال عصرها الذهبي انجازات عظيمة على المستوى الثقافي والفكري ، لاسبما بعدان أصبحت بغداد عاصمة الخلافة قبلة العالم الاسلامي ، ونتيجة سياسة الدولة العباسية القائمة على التمازج الثقافي ببن الشعوب، فقد انصهرت تلك الثقافات في بوتقة الاسلام واتسعت العلوم ،وتطورت الحركة العلمية والفكرية  بسبب جهود الخلفاء العباسيين وشغفهم بالعلم والتعلم ، والانفتاح على العالم  الاخر فكان تأثر وتأثير الحضارة الاسلاميةبالحضارات الاخرى واضحا سواء التأثيرات اللغوية والفكرية وغيرها
درجة توافر معايير الجمعية الدولية للتكنولوجيا في التعليم لدى مديري المدارس الحكومية في تربية جنوب الخليل
Authors: اسراء عادل مرشد صوايفة الباحثة
Published: November 2024

هدفت الدراسة الى التعرف على درجة توافر معايير الجمعية الدولية للتكنولوجيا في التعليم (ISTE) لدى مديري المدارس الحكومية في مديرية التربية والتعليم جنوب الخليل، تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي، وتم بناء استبانة بالرجوع الى معايير الجمعية الدولية للتكنولوجيا في التعليم لدى قادة التعليم. وتكونت عينة الدراسة من 80 مديرا\ة تم اختيارهم بالطريقة العشوائية البسيطة. أظهرت النتائج أن درجة توافر معايير الجمعية الدولية للتكنولوجيا في التعليم لدى مديري المدارس الحكومية في مديرية التربية والتعليم جنوب الخليل جاءت بدرجة كبيرة، وحصل مجال مصمم للأنظمة على المرتبة الأولى، ثم معيار مخطط لرؤية، معيار تمكين القائد، معيار الانصاف والمواطنة، وحصل مجال التحسين والنمو المهني على المرتبة الأخيرة. ولم توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين المتوسطات الحسابية لدرجة توافر معايير الجمعية الدولية للتكنولوجيا في التعليم لدى مديري المدارس الحكومية تبعا (الجنس، المؤهل العلمي، سنوات الخبرة. وقد أوصت الدراسة مجموعة من التوصيات..
الصِّحافة الرياضية ودورها في تنمية روح التشجيع السليم بين جماهير الأندية الرياضية
Authors: م. منتظر خالد عبود م.
Published: November 2024

Our present study sought to determine the role of sports journalism in fostering a culture of positive encouragement among fans of sports clubs, and also to identify the importance of sports journalism in changing the wrong behavioral patterns among sports fans. The central research question was formulated as follows: What is the role of sports journalism in fostering a spirit of sound encouragement among fans of sports clubs? To address this question, the researcher employed the descriptive survey method, deemed suitable for the topic at hand. A questionnaire was distributed among a sample of 50 fans from Al-Kut Sports Club to fulfill the research objectives. The findings indicated that sports journalism plays a significant role in cultivating a spirit of sound encouragement among sports club fans, with 58% of respondents affirming this contribution. The results also reached that sports journalism contributes to developing cognitive and cultural awareness among sports club fans as the percentage of the yes category reached 48% of the total sample size
Dynamic Entropic Signatures for Ransomware Detection: A Novel Computational Framework
Authors: Azzaman Daniel , Spyridon David , White Henry , Kassiani Matthew
Published: November 2024

The growing complexity and frequency of encryption-based cyberattacks have significantly heightened the urgency for advanced detection mechanisms capable of adapting to sophisticated adversarial tactics. Current methods often fall short in addressing the rapid evolution of ransomware techniques, which exploit system vulnerabilities and evade conventional security protocols. The introduction of a novel computational framework, Dynamic Entropic Signatures (DES), offers an innovative approach to ransomware detection through the dynamic analysis of entropy variations within system activities. By capturing and analyzing the temporal entropy patterns associated with malicious encryption processes, the framework achieves superior accuracy, precision, and recall compared to traditional detection methodologies. Extensive empirical evaluations demonstrated its robust adaptability across diverse ransomware samples and file types while maintaining computational efficiency and minimizing false positives. The findings reinforce the potential of DES to transform the cybersecurity landscape, providing a scalable, real-time solution for defending critical digital infrastructures against increasingly sophisticated threats.
What constitutes experiences of autonomy in digital technology use? A (computational) scoping review through the lens of self-determination theory
Authors: Dietrich Felix , Arenz Anisha , Reinecke Leonard
Published: November 2024

The use of digital communication technologies such as social media, mobile phones, instant messaging, or games, has been found to differentially satisfy and frustrate users’ need for autonomy. Consequently, such technology use can have differential and divergent effects, for example on users’ well-being and mental health. Through our (computational) scoping review of a very broad literature base, we find that many different research perspectives are involved in the study of what constitutes need-based experiences of autonomy in digital technology use. To advance the application of self-determination theory in human-computer interaction, communication research, and beyond, we seek to explain the complex relationship of technology use and individuals’ autonomy need experiences by integrating insights from these diverse perspectives. Based on the heterogenous and often weak theoretical basis within the investigated literature, we suggest that future research should differentiate between control as the central technology-centered (i.e., material) component and authenticity as the core user-centered (i.e., experiential) component, which together constitute experiences of autonomy need satisfaction in digital technology use. Furthermore, it should consider relevant contextual and situational boundary conditions, which can be derived from the reviewed literature.
Won’t stop ’til you get enough? Determinants of disengaging from mobile media apps in daily life
Authors: Ernst Alicia , Schnauber-Stockmann Anna
Published: November 2024

While permanent connectivity has made media use ubiquitous and apps have become optimized on their engaging qualities, little research has focused on the termination of (mobile) media sessions. This study addresses that gap by exploring how internal, environmental context, and media context cues prompt users to stop their app use. In an event-based experience sampling study, 118 participants reported on disengagement from TikTok or Instagram (T = 1,893 sessions). Key findings show that competing activities, goal achievement, and push notifications are the most prevalent cues. We also identified five disengagement scenarios: non-self-determined disengagement, self-determined disengagement, disengagement through priority shifts, temporary disengagement, and ‘mindless’ disengagement. Often, disengagement behavior occurs automatically, driven by shifting priorities or competing activities. In only a few sessions, disengagement was accompanied by negative emotions. These findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of disengagement, suggesting that, while worrisome forms exist, they do not dominate disengaging in day-to-day life.
Quantification and comparison of subnational and national agricultural nitrogen flows in Denmark and Sweden
Authors: Grados Diego , Einarsson Rasmus , Cobeña Alberto Sanz , Olesen Jørgen Eivind , Børsting Christian Friis , Abalos Diego
Published: November 2024

Ensuring food production with low nitrogen (N) environmental emissions requires good quantitative knowledge of N flows in agricultural systems to monitor emissions and N use efficiency (NUE, the ratio of N outputs to inputs). Our study quantifies the main N agricultural flows at subnational and national scales in Denmark and Sweden from 2011 to 2020, calculating the NUE for crop and livestock production and the associated nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) emissions. In Denmark, our results indicate an equal input of organic (manure) and synthetic fertilizers (230 and 213 kt N y-1, 83 and 77 kg N ha-1 y-1); in contrast, Sweden used more synthetic (162 kt N y-1, 54 kg N ha-1 y-1) than organic N (108 kt N y-1, 36 kg N ha-1 y-1), with large subnational variation in manure use as determined by livestock population. Livestock N feed intake was twice as large in Denmark (384 kt N y-1) as in Sweden (176 kt N y-1), reflecting Denmark’s larger livestock population. Sweden’s national crop NUE was higher (0.72) than Denmark’s (0.51), likely due to a higher proportion of grass-clover leys, lower N input rates, and less intensive production systems. However, considerable subnational variation existed in both countries. The livestock NUE was 0.29 in Denmark and 0.25 in Sweden; these differences are mainly due to a higher proportion of ruminants in Sweden with lower N feed use efficiency than pigs. Sweden emitted less N2O and NH3 per unit area (~56% more for both gases) and in total (~52% more for both gases) than Denmark due to lower use of N inputs and less intensive farming systems. West Denmark and South Sweden were identified as emission hotspots. Our research provides essential information at subnational and national scales to improve N management and reduce gaseous N pollution, supporting the transition towards more sustainable agroecosystems in Denmark and Sweden.
Dynamic Contextual Aggregation for Semantic Fluidity in Natural Language Processing
Authors: Aguiluz Fernando , Catterall Benedict , Stockbridge Michael , Tarbuck William , Montalbano Alaric
Published: November 2024

The rapid expansion of computational linguistic capabilities has demonstrated the necessity for models capable of adapting to dynamically evolving contexts within diverse textual environments. Addressing this challenge, the Dynamic Contextual Aggregation framework introduces a groundbreaking approach that surpasses the limitations of static and traditional contextualization techniques by enabling semantic fluidity and adaptability through real-time contextual integration. The framework's theoretical underpinnings, grounded in dynamic aggregation principles, provide a robust mechanism for contextual representation, enhancing the coherence and relevance of generated content across varied tasks. Empirical evaluations demonstrate significant improvements in accuracy, adaptability, and robustness, particularly in complex and noisy language processing scenarios. The findings affirm the utility of this novel framework in advancing the capabilities of contemporary language models while establishing a foundation for further exploration in dynamic semantic modeling. Through a combination of theoretical innovation and practical evaluation, this research contributes a significant step forward in the pursuit of more contextually aware and flexible computational language systems.
Analyzing the Economic Impact of Ingredient Costs and Efficiency Ratios on Small-Business Coffee Sustainability in Battambang, Cambodia
Authors: Darith Siek , Kimley Lay , Eav Lim Kim , Sanith Pou , Chihouy Yun , Bunhak Tha , Sourphimean Siek
Published: November 2024

This research explores how ingredient costs and efficiency ratios affect the sustainability of small coffee businesses in Battambang, Cambodia. By examining ingredient usage patterns, cost impacts, and economic efficiency, the study aims to find strategies to improve financial sustainability. Data were gathered from 80 coffee shop owners through surveys and interviews. Regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between various cost factors and coffee income. The results show that ingredient costs, equipment costs, and operational expenses significantly affect coffee income. Costs for coffee beans, ice, plastic items, and straws positively impact income, while the cost of ice buckets has a negative effect. Additionally, the price of coffee sold is crucial for revenue generation. The study concludes that by optimizing ingredient use, managing costs efficiently, and implementing strategic pricing, small coffee businesses in Battambang can improve their financial sustainability and support the local economy.
Using age-structured models to uncover mechanisms underlying decadal trends in opinion dynamics
Authors: Wei Siyang , Barrett Jeffrey , Komarova Natalia
Published: November 2024

The distribution of opinions among people constantly evolves over time. This can be seen, for example, from the American National Election Studies (ANES) database, which contains results of surveys on public opinions that have been conducted regularly since 1948. While the statistics of the opinions can be determined from this longitudinal dataset, the laws that govern opinion spread and the driving forces of opinion change are largely unknown. In order to shed light on some of these questions, we built a class of discrete models for age-structured opinion dynamics, which depends on the interaction matrices among different age groups and the probability of people to change their opinion state, based on the attractiveness of the opinions. We fit different attractiveness models to the ANES survey data, focusing on 15 yes-or-no questions and 22 ``thermometer" questions in the database. Interestingly, the most powerful models for a large majority of questions either are based on an age-dependent opinion attractiveness or contain age-dependence as a major component. Such dependencies reflect cohort (internal) effects, as opposed to time-dependent attractiveness, which would reflect period (external) forces. Further, we found that in all the questions investigated, there is a significant positive correlation between age and the polarization of opinions, with at least one polarizing transition rate—from a neutral opinion to either a positive or negative stance—increasing with age. This methodology provides a quantitative way to uncover the mechanisms underlying decadal trends in opinion dynamics.
Dynamic Contextual Alignment Mechanisms for Improving the Internal Representational Consistency in Large Language Models
Authors: Ce Feidong , Chen Jing , Huang Longchang , Xu Fangfang
Published: November 2024

The increasing complexity of language models naturally demands innovative approaches to maintain internal representational consistency. This paper introduces Dynamic Contextual Alignment Mechanisms, a novel framework designed to enhance semantic coherence within large language models. By integrating adaptive recalibration strategies, the proposed mechanism aligns intermediate representations across multiple layers, thereby reducing contextual ambiguities and improving the interpretative processes of language models. Comprehensive evaluations demonstrate significant reductions in perplexity and attention entropy, alongside improvements in coherence scores, indicating the mechanism's efficacy in refining contextual understanding. Comparative analyses reveal that, unlike traditional methods relying on fine-tuning or auxiliary layers, this approach inherently enhances alignment without substantial computational overhead. The findings demonstrate the potential of Dynamic Contextual Alignment Mechanisms to advance the robustness and adaptability of language models across diverse applications, addressing fundamental challenges in representational alignment and setting a foundation for future developments in the field.
Preconditions of trust in science in the context of digital media: A theoretical framework for structured research
Authors: Reif Anne
Published: November 2024

Science as a functional system belongs to the building blocks of modern democracies, highlighting the crucial relevance of public trust in science. Previous research has increasingly discussed (an assumed decline in) public trust in science despite lacking empirical proof and insufficient theoretical considerations. This paper aims to present a theoretical approach to structure empirical research from the users’ perspective and derive implications for science communication practice. Based on sociological theories and in light of empirical science communication research, three sets of polarity are introduced that define the preconditions for public trust in science in contrast to other related concepts. For trust in science, the public needs a mixture of (1) knowledge and ignorance and (2) risk perception and security perception. The perceived relationship between science and the public should further be situated between (3) distance and proximity. For each precondition, the role of digital science communication is discussed.
Expanding the Bearing Sector in a Single-position Passive Rangefinder
Authors: Alexander Mescheryakov
Published: November 2024

The paper deals with the issues of direction finding of reflected signals from terrain elements in a passive single-position system for determining the coordinates of the radio source. The measured parameter of reflections are phase differences on the separated antennas of the phase direction finder.
It is shown that the expansion of the sector of unambiguous direction finding of signals reflected from terrain elements is possible with known information about the location of the reflecting object in the “coarse” sector of unambiguity, determined by the position of the main beam of the radar antenna.
What It Means To Be A True Badass: An Experimental Investigation Of The Ordinary Concept
Authors: Nguyen Breanna K. , Prinzing Michael
Published: November 2024

What makes a person a badass? We investigated the concept in four experiments (total N = 2,020), investigating why radically different kinds of people, ranging from peaceful advocates to fierce warriors, can each be considered badasses. Experiment 1 found that badass is a dual-character concept. That is, people rely on two sets of criteria when judging badassness: a superficial, concrete sense and a deeper, abstract sense. Experiment 2 suggested that these two senses of badassness reflect outer toughness (e.g., physical strength and a formidable presence) versus inner toughness (e.g., moral resilience and courage). Experiments 3-4 explored the qualities that make a person tough “on the inside,” revealing effects of overcoming social pressure, doing the morally right thing, taking on difficult challenges, and succeeding in one’s efforts. Overall, in addition to clarifying this particular concept, our findings contribute to more general, theoretical work on dual-character concepts and offer insight into the use of dual-character concepts in social cognition.
Coping Strategies as Mediators in Promoting Posttraumatic Growth in Indian Young Adults’ Experiences of Sexual Harassment
Authors: Purohit Ashlesha , Ghosh Simantini
Published: November 2024

Sexual harassment is highly prevalent, poses significant mental health challenges and profoundly affects professional and social functioning. Our broad goal was to study posttraumatic growth and the role of coping strategies in the context of sexual harassment experienced by Indian young adults, particularly investigating dysfunctional/avoidant coping styles and their contribution to posttraumatic growth, because of scarce extant data. We asked if dysfunctional/avoidant coping negatively mediates the positive effects of self-compassion and social support on posttraumatic growth employing a self-report online questionnaire and a cross sectional design. The sample consisted of 264 Indian young adults who completed validated measures of self-compassion, social support, coping, and posttraumatic growth. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that self-compassion and social support predicted posttraumatic growth and accounted for 31.2% of its variance. Coping and dysfunctional/avoidant coping accounted for an additional 16.4% of the variance in post-traumatic growth [ΔR² = 0.164, F(2, 259)= 41.0, p<0.001], and combined, they accounted for 47.3% of the variance in post-traumatic growth. A mediation analysis showed that the relationship between self-compassion and posttraumatic growth was partially mediated by dysfunctional/avoidant coping [ꞵ=0.17441, z=4.293, p<0.001] and the relationship between social support and posttraumatic growth was fully mediated by coping [ꞵ=0.24564, z=5.031, p<0.001]. This finding expands and adds to the literature on posttraumatic growth in survivors of sexual harassment.
Hierarchical Factor Models For Analysis in Experimental Designs
Authors: Rouder Jeffrey N. , Mehrvarz Mahbod , Stevenson Niek
Published: November 2024

Although factor models have been pivotal in understanding the relations among variables, they are difficult to apply to data from experimental designs. In experiments, data are from trials which are nested in conditions, tasks, and individuals. Data at the trial level is quite noisy, so much so that even averages on critical contrasts are subject to excessive measurement error. In this paper, we develop hierarchical factor models where the first level are linear models that account for trial noise and are parameterized with separate, latent individual-by-task scores. The second level consists of factor models on latent individual-by-task scores. Because the model is hierarchical, Bayesian analysis is convenient and conceptually straightforward. We provide development with good computational properties. The advatages of the model are that (a) correlations across tasks may be both disattenuated and localized fairly precisely; (b) uncertainty from both variability in individuals and across trials may be accurately assessed; and (c) factor structures may be recovered even in high-measurement-error contexts. Applications to visual illusions and to cognitive control are included.
Listeners systematically integrate tonal context to efficiently perform a variety of musical tasks, regardless of training
Authors: Cassano-Coleman Riesa , Izen Sarah , Piazza Elise A.
Published: November 2024

Context drives our interpretations of music as surprising, satisfying, or scary. Despite a long-standing interest in musical prediction, it is unclear how listeners integrate context when performing a variety of tasks, and how this is influenced by expertise. We scrambled naturalistic music at multiple timescales to manipulate coherent context. Memory (E1; n=108, age 19-41) and prediction (E2; n=108, age 20-41) improved with more intact context for both musicians and non-musicians. Listeners’ event boundaries were influenced by the amount of tonal context but also reflected nested phrase structure, and musicians were more sensitive to longer-timescale “hyper-phrase” structure (E3; n=95, age 20-42) and could better identify the amount of scrambling (E4; n=108, age 19-41). These results indicate for the first time that listeners integrate context across complex phrases to efficiently encode, predict, and segment naturalistic music and that in general, training has surprisingly little impact on this integration.
The Calgary Semantic Decision Project
Authors: Muraki Emiko Joanne , Pexman Penny M.
Published: November 2024

The Calgary Semantic Decision Project is a unique dataset that includes semantic decision task behavioural responses for large number of words. Since its publication in 2017, the data have been widely used by researchers and have provided unique insights into the nature of word knowledge and the process of retrieving word meaning.
Beliefs about the world and psychosis-spectrum experiences
Authors: Palmer-Cooper Emma Claire , Clifton Jeremy D. W.
Published: November 2024

Background and Hypothesis: Primal world beliefs (‘primals’) are newly conceptualised schemas individuals form about the world’s overarching qualities. Primals fit to a hierarchical structure, e.g. the primary primal belief that the world is Good (vs. bad), and secondary primals; the beliefs the world is Safe (vs. dangerous), Enticing (vs. dull) and Alive (vs. mechanistic). Primals can be assessed empirically with self-report measures, appear stable over time, and are associated with wellbeing. There is currently no research investigating primals in psychosis-spectrum disorders (PSD). We aimed to investigate possible differences in primary and secondary primals between PSD and non-psychotic controls, and understand associations between primals and PSD-related experiences.Study Design: This online, self-report, observational study included 99 participants (47 PSD, 53 non-PSD). Participants were screened for psychosis using the Prodromal Questionnaire-16 (PQ-16). PSD experiences were assessed with the Multi-Modality Unusual Sensory Experiences Questionnaire (MUSEQ) and Peters’ Delusion Inventory-21 (PDI). Primals were measured using the Primals Inventory (PI-18).Study Results: Individuals with PSD reported more negative primals than controls. Beliefs the world is less Safe were associated with more psychotic symptoms, subjective distress about symptoms, and preoccupation with delusions. Context of delusions also mattered, whereby inflated-self and magical thinking were associated with more positive primals. Presence and frequency of hallucinations and delusional ideation were not associated with primals. Conclusions: The role of primals at different stages of PSD is not clear; future research would benefit from longitudinal investigations to understand the potential role of primals in psychological interventions to reduce symptom-related distress.
Reification of the p-factor draws attention away from external causes of psychopathology
Authors: Olthof Merlijn , Lichtwarck-Aschoff Anna , Fried Eiko I
Published: November 2024

Reification of the p-factor draws attention away from external causes of psychopathology
Back to The Future: Linking Early Psychiatric Symptoms to Transdiagnostic Cognitive Impairments in At-Risk Youth from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study
Authors: Wang Jie , Lavigne Katie M. , Raucher-Chéné Delphine
Published: November 2024

Cognitive impairment (problems in thinking, learning, remembering, judging, and decision-making) is central to many mental health disorders and often appears long before the onset of psychiatric symptoms. As psychiatric disorders are often heritable, children with first-degree relatives affected by severe mental illness are at higher risk for future psychiatric disorders, potentially showing early psychiatric symptoms. Our study explored the potential association between cognitive impairments and early subsyndromal psychiatric symptoms in at-risk youths from a transdiagnostic perspective. We analyzed 970 at-risk youth (aged nine to ten) with 970 matched controls from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study and found they performed worse in some cognitive domains and exhibited more psychiatric symptoms than controls. Our multivariate analyses revealed a pattern most strongly linking emotional dysfunction symptoms and cognitive language abilities in at-risk youth, suggesting a link between cognitive impairment in at-risk youth and a higher prevalence of early psychiatric symptoms. Such association could potentially guide prediction, prevention and early intervention for children who are more at risk of developing mental illness later in life.
A Note on Entrepreneurship Development Programmes in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Binod K.
Published: November 2024

Not Available.
Tax Structure and Policy Framework in Developing Countries
Authors: Dahal Madan K
Published: November 2024

Not Available.
Female Labor Force Participation in Nepal
Authors: Pokhrel Bharat P.
Published: November 2024

Not Available.
Relevance of Mrs. Joan Robinson's Theory of Employment to the Indian Economy
Authors: Bajpai A.D.N. , Mishra S.K.
Published: November 2024

Not Available.
Methods of Macro-Econometric Model Modelling in Developing Countries
Authors: Guru-Gharana Kishor Kumar
Published: November 2024

Not Available.
Farming Systems in the Mid-Hills of Nepal (A Case of Pumdi-Bhumdi in Kaski District)
Authors: Delobel T.C.
Published: November 2024

Not Available.
A Note on Measures of Inequality with Illustrations from Nepalese Health Sector
Authors: Dhungel Kamal R.
Published: November 2024

Not Available.
A Note on the Debate about Policy Choices for Poverty Alleviation
Authors: Sharma Vishnu Prasad
Published: November 2024

Not Available.
Industrialisation and Thinking on Technology
Authors: Love Jim
Published: November 2024

Not available.
Development of Technological Capabilities: Success Story of India and South Korea
Authors: Shakya Indira
Published: November 2024

Not Available.
Present Scenario of Nepalese Carpet Industry
Authors: Shresthe Bijay Bahadur
Published: November 2024

Not Available.
From Zero to Sustainable Growth: Challenging Issues in Nepalese Economy
Authors: Sharma Vishnu Prasad
Published: November 2024

Not available.
Some Challenges in the Economic Development of Nepal
Authors: Koirala Govinda
Published: November 2024

Not available.
Lorenz Curve and Gini Coefficient: Conceptual Considerations
Authors: Kanel Nav Raj
Published: November 2024

Not available.
The Population Policies of SAARC Countries: An Overview
Authors: Gautam Rudra Prasad
Published: November 2024

Not available.
Export Diversification and Revealed Comparative Advantage
Authors: Pant Bhubanesh
Published: November 2024

Not available.
Effects of In-Situ Clay-Induced Formation Damage on Oil Recovery during Low-Salinity-Based Enhanced Oil Recovery Method in a Sandstone Reservoir of Upper Assam Basin, India
Authors: Medhi Nayan
Published: November 2024

Clay-Induced formation damage is a worldwide problem in the petroleum industry, which is caused by the swelling and migration of clays and subsequent plugging of the pore throats. The In-Situ formation damage by clay minerals in sandstone reservoirs is governed by the physicochemical factors that control the stability and transport of the clays. The study presented here focuses on the effects of In-Situ Clay-Induced Formation Damage on oil recovery during Low Salinity Waterflooding (LSW) in the Tipam Reservoir Sandstone of Upper Assam Basin, India. Analysis of reservoir rock, formation brine, and crude oil shows the feasibility of LSW in the study area. The paper describes the alteration of rock permeability and porosity in a series of core flooding experiments using low-salinity brine. It is observed that the permeability and porosity of the flooded core plugs decrease during LSW. The SEM analysis of the fines migrated along with the effluent water during core flooding shows the presence of Kaolinite, Illite, and Mixed-layer. The study shows that the permeability reduction occurs during LSW through the plugging of pore throats which may be due to some mechanical and chemical processes like migration and swelling of clays. This plugging can increase the oil recovery by enhancing the Sweep Efficiency. Also, the migrated clay minerals can enhance the oil recovery by wettability modification and reduction of oil-water Interfacial Tension (IFT). Further, the permeability decline in the Swept Zone may improve the LSW performance by increasing the water breakthrough time and reducing the water cut.
Assessing the Climate Change Vulnerability of the Communities Residing in Doda River Basin, Far-Western Nepal
Authors: Joshi Tark Raj , Chaudhari Satyam Kumar , Koirala Prakriti , Awasthi Mahesh Prasad , Thakuri Sudeep , Pant Ramesh Raj , Bhatta Kumari Tulshi , Neupane Pawan Kumar
Published: November 2024

The study evaluates the vulnerability and climate change (CC) impacts on livelihood-related services aiming to identify strategies for enhancing resilience and adaptation. Key aspects of the study include the analysis of hydro-meteorological data, examination of climatic variability evidence, and vulnerability assessments related to CC. Vulnerability to CC varies based on exposure, sensitivity, and adaptation capacity, especially within a small spatial scale. Employing a bottom-up approach, the study applied trend analysis, Mann-Kendall statistical trend, IPCC vulnerability equation, and the Capacity Building and Vulnerability Assessment (CBCA) framework as fundamental methodologies. Meteorological and household data validate climatic trends and vulnerability. Significant changes in climatic parameters are observed, mirroring previous studies. Local communities experience decreased rainfall frequency, frequent floods, extended dry seasons, delayed monsoons, and intense late summer rainfall, verified by data from the nearest meteorological station. The exposure index ranges from 2.35 to 3.87, with wards 1 and 6 of Laljhadi Rural Municipality (RM) having the least exposure while ward 3 the highest, according to respondent perceptions. Sensitivity is highest in wards near the Doda River, with ward 4 having the highest sensitivity index. Adaptive capacity indices range from 2.01 to 3.68, with the least in wards 1 and 6. The highest vulnerability is observed in wards 3, 4, and 2 with vulnerability scores of 16.8, 13.6, and 11.1, respectively. Overall, the vulnerability calibration index indicated low adaptive capacity across all wards, emphasizing the need to enhance adaptive capabilities as a key recommendation for reducing CC vulnerability.