bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Respons Tiga Varietas Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) Akibat Cekaman Kekeringan
Authors: Mukarromah Wahdaniatul , Santoso Juli , Moeljani Ida Retno
Published: May 2024

Drought is one of the factors in tomato (Lycopersicum esculentu Mill.) crop failure which is often found in Indonesia. Planting drought-resistant varieties is a solution to increase the productivity of tomato to meet market demand. The research was carried out in the Kumendung Hamlet Plastic House, Ngembung Village, Cerme District, Gresik Regency at an altitude of 4 meters above sea level with an average temperature of around 25º - 34º C. This research was conducted using a factorial of Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor is application water volume with 3 levels, namely: C0 = water content 100% field capacity (control); C1 = water content 75% field capacity; C2 = water content 50% field capacity. The second factor is tomato varieties with 3 levels, namely: V1 = Servo Variety; V2 = Tymoti variety; V3 = Tantyna variety. The research data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), then the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test was carried out at a test level of 5%. The results showed that it was no interaction between the application of water volume and the tomato varieties. Applying water 828,75 ml or 75% of field capacity and using the Tymoti tomato variety gave the best results in terms of number of leaves, number of flowers, number of fruit, and fruit weight per plant. The Tymoti tomato variety gave the shortest flowering period. Key Words: Drought, tomatoes, varieties, watering
DID THE CONFERENCE ON THE FUTURE OF EUROPE GO LOCAL? EVIDENCE FROM POLAND
Authors:   University of Warsaw, BACAL Pawel
Published: May 2024

The aim of the paper is to analyse the involvement of the local and regional authorities within the Conference on the Future of Europe. The former, being closer to the citizens, could play important role in reaching “every corner of the European Union” and helping the citizens to articulate their ideas about the European integration. Therefore, the activity of the subnational level could contribute to the final success of the Conference (or failure – in case of lack of any actions). The analysis is based on the author’s own empirical study conducted among the Polish territorial self-government units after the closure of the Conference. The local and regional authorities were asked if they informed the citizens about the Conference, organised events regarding this enterprise or took part in the events organised by other entities. The results show very low level of the activity, even among the territorial self-government units that are present at the European level. The conclusions regard both to the Polish circumstances as well as to the general performance of the Conference. In the first case, they unveil the unwritten practice among the Polish territorial self-government units on their involvement in the European affairs. Regarding the second point, the results indicate that the Conference din not manage to exceed the “European bubble”
A NEW THREAT TO UKRAINE: THE RISE OF EXTREMIST PARTIES IN EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER STATES
Authors:   Babeș-Bolyai University, MOCERNAC Alexandru-Gheorghe
Published: May 2024

This article closely examines four far-right parties from Western and Eastern European Union Member States, exploring the potential threats they may pose to Ukraine and identifying any similarities or differences in their messages. The study investigates how these parties use specific issues to win over voters and how they adapt their strategies to suit local customs and attitudes. It also highlights the potential risks these parties pose to democratic governance, especially when they obstruct legislative proceedings. The article further delves into the dynamics of these parties’ rise to power, particularly in the context of a political landscape dominated by traditional parties and it scrutinizes the influence of public sentiment on the success of these parties and how they capitalize on public discontent.
Students’ challenges in
Romanian tertiary education
Authors:   Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Iași, Romania, Branzila Carina Ionela
Published: May 2024

This study explores the challenges faced by Moldovan students in
their first year of tertiary education at the ‚Alexandru Ioan Cuza’ University of
Iași, Romania. This article aims to explore the impact of these factors on higher
education, particularly in the field of economics. Using a mixed-methods approach,
including participant observation, interviews, and document analysis, the research
investigates the intersection of literacy, academic progression, and English
language proficiency among Moldovan students. Despite facing limitations such
as sample size constraints and language barriers, the study uncovers promising
insights into students’ experiences and the formation of a supportive learning
community. As the research progresses, preliminary findings indicate enthusiastic
student engagement and the emergence of a positive group dynamic. By addressing
these challenges, the study seeks to contribute to the advancement of educational
practices and the empowerment of Moldovan students within the Romanian higher
education landscape.
Tragic Elements in M. Dulatov’s Poem ‘Qaida edıñ’? (Where Were You?)
Authors: Abdikalyk K. , Baltabayeva N. , Kozhekeyeva B.
Published: May 2024

The relevance of this article is justified by the necessity to construct a comprehensive picture of the development of Kazakh literature at the beginning of the 20th century through the analysis of tragic elements in the works of Myrzakhyp Dulatov. The authors critically evaluate various approaches to studying this aesthetic category in the works of I.I. Plekhanova, V.E. Khalizev, and E.V. Volkova. The scientific novelty lies in the first-time analysis of the poem ‘Qaida edıñ?’ (Where were you?) from the declared perspective. The research establishes that, firstly, tragic events (specifically, the forcible mobilization of Kazakhs for participation in World War I and famine) form the narrative basis of this poem. Secondly, antithesis serves as a significant means of conveying tragedy. Thirdly, the Kazakh worldview (steppe — land — Alash — people) depicted in this poem intricately intertwines with tragic hopelessness, where the semantic boundaries of the concept PEOPLE encompass human life values: steppe, family, lineage, generational ties, life. Fourthly, syntactic parallelism, various forms of repetition, rhetorical questioning, and other poetic devices aid the author in expressing their own viewpoint and engaging the reader in the quest to identify the culprit behind tragic events.
Nationalist environmentalism: can nationalism fuel climate action?
Authors:   PhD Candidate, University of Edinburgh, Carbonell Javier ,   Junior Visiting Fellow, CIDOB
Published: May 2024

While nationalism and environmentalism have traditionally been viewed as conflicting ideologies, an increasing number of Western parties across the political spectrum are putting forward a discourse that justifies the green energy transition by emphasising its benefits in terms of the national interest, national security and the country’s economy. The discourse of “nationalist environmentalism” is one of the main ways European political leaders have advocated green policies since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, and it is the result of a growing concern for climate change in an increasingly conflictive international context. However, although it can be a powerful rhetorical tool, this discourse has important limitations when it comes to addressing climate change, and it may prove unable to prevent the anti-environmental backlash that is expected at the European elections.
IFN-γ auto-antibody: An overview as one of the autoimmunity effect
Authors: Krisnawati Dyah Ika , Rahayu Dwi , Rinawati Fajar , Susilowati Erna , Santoso Puguh , Darmayanti Rofik , Puspitasari Betristasia , Yunarsih Yunarsih , Sucipto Sucipto , Kuo Tsung Rong
Published: May 2024

Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ) plays a vital role in normal immune surveillance and possesses immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. It stands as the exclusive type II IFN, and its production is regulated by cytokines released by Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs), particularly interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18. These cytokines act as a connecting link between infection and IFN-γ production in the innate immune response. The functional IFN-γ receptor (IFNGR) consists of two ligand-binding IFNGR1 chains and two signal-transducing IFNGR2 chains, along with associated signaling machinery. Both IFNGR1 and IFNGR2 chains belong to the class II cytokine receptor family, characterized by ligand binding in the small angle of a V formed by the two Ig-like folds in the extracellular domain. Autoantibodies targeting interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) can lead to immunodeficiency and are linked to various opportunistic infections. The immunopathogenesis is associated with the neutralizing activity of these autoantibodies on the IFN-γ signaling pathway, resulting in the blocking of certain immune responses activated by IFN-γ. This review provides a concise overview of IFN-γ Autoantibody detection, the immunopathogenesis of related diseases, and potential treatment options.
Assessment of PAH content in soil and aboveground parts of Lolium perenne L. next to the communication arteries of the urban agglomeration
Authors:   Faculty Chemical Laboratory, Bialystok University of Technology, 45E Wiejska Str., 15-351 Białystok, Poland, Smolewska Marzena Ewa , Krasowska Małgorzata ,   Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering and Environmental Management, Bialystok University of Technology, 45E Wiejska Str., 15-351 Białystok, Poland, Piekut Jolanta ,   Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering and Environmental Management, Bialystok University of Technology, 45E Wiejska Str., 15-351 Białystok, Poland, Smolewski Maciej ,   Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, 45E Wiejska Str., 15-351 Białystok, Poland, Bagińska Ewelina ,   Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering and Environmental Management, Bialystok University of Technology, 45E Wiejska Str., 15-351 Białystok, Poland
Published: May 2024

The research on the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil and grass ( Lolium perenne L.) was carried out on samples collected in the city of Białystok, in north-eastern Poland. The test samples came from green belts in the vicinity of communication routes, differentiated in terms of the surrounding buildings and infrastructure and characterized by a different car traffic intensity. The highest total concentration of all sixteen PAHs in soil and grass samples was found near a large intersection at Nicholas Copernicus Street, one of the most important communication routes connecting two parts of the city. In the aboveground parts of the studied grass samples, benzo[a]pyrene was the most abundant, its content ranging from 53.8 μg/kg DM up to 91.7 μg/kg DM. On the other hand, in soil samples, much higher benzo[a]pyrene content was found, and the dominance of this compound was observed in almost every measurement location. Based on the obtained results, it was found that car traffic is a significant source of PAH emissions to the urban soil environment and urban greenery. The squares and green belts located along communication routes and intersections are the most exposed to pollution.
Applying ground penetrating radar to tracking of ancient architectural transformations: The case of the monastery St. Peter on the Island of Rab (Croatia)
Authors:   Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Institute of Archaeology, Wóycickiego 1/3, bud. 23, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland, Welc Fabian , Konestra Ana ,   Institute of Archaeology, Jurjevska ulica 15, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Published: May 2024

The ground-penetrating radar (GPR) method has been used for many years in archaeological research. However, this method is still not widely used in studies of past architecture. The biggest problem with the implementation of the GPR method at such sites is usually connected with extensive debris layers, plant cover and standing relics of walls and other features that restrict the available measurement area. Despite of these, properly performed GPR surveys, even on a small area, can yield significant information concerning underground architectural relicts. Moreover, the results of GPR profiling integrated with historical and archeological data allow for three-dimensional reconstruction of the examined architectural monuments and in the next step, they track architectural transformations. Relics of the Romanesque St. Peter monastery, located in the northern part of the Island of Rab, is a good example of the successful GPR survey. Results of the performed geophysical reconnaissance in conjunction with the query of archival materials made it possible to visualize a spatial (3D) appearance of three main phases of the site architectural development, despite a very limited area available for geophysical survey. According to the authors, such a comprehensive approach should be a standard in contemporary geophysical research focused on relics of the past architecture.
COMMUNITY SYMPATHY-BASED SLUM SANITATION PLANNING CONCEPT IN BATU BARA DISTRICT, NORTH SUMATERA, INDONESIA
Authors: Akus Harmoko  , Abdiyanto  , Cut Nuraini  , Abdi Sugiarto
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Slums in the Tanjung Tiram area of Batu Bara Regency are caused by high and uneven population density, limited habitable land and low awareness of environmental conservation among residents. This results in poor environmental sanitation and potentially affects environmental sustainability. The local government is trying to improve this situation through slum upgrading and community empowerment programs.
Objectives: This study aims to examine community sympathy for the spatial concept and environmental sanitation improvement programs in Tanjung Tiram neighborhood, as well as the factors that influence it.
Methodology and Results: The research method was qualitative with a rationalist approach. The study began with literature analysis and continued with field studies to describe community sympathy in sanitation management, identify patterns of behavior change, and analyze the factors that influence it.
Conclusion, Significance, and Implication: The results highlight that the community demonstrated empathy through responsibility and mutual concern for the interests of others, such as involvement in the sanitation improvement process from preparation to monitoring in terms of toilet and bathroom use. Community motivation comes from cadre interventions that provide understanding, increase empathy and responsibility, and strengthen community motivation in sanitation management. Community cooperation and awareness must be increased through community empowerment programs.
High Specific-Impulse Electrospray Explorer Trajectory Guidance and Control Air Bearing Demonstration
Authors: Moncton Michael , Jia-Richards Oliver , Sternberg David , Lo Kevin , Mohan Swati
Published: May 2024

As small satellite-mission concepts that require travel farther from their traditional domain of low-Earth orbit are being considered, there is a growing need to develop small-scale propulsion systems that can provide the necessary net impulse to enable deep-space operation. The High Specific-Impulse Electrospray Explorer for Deep-Space (HiSPEED) project is an example concept considered for this paper, as it would be a small satellite that uses electrospray thrusters to navigate along a low-thrust spiral trajectory from Earth to a near-Earth asteroid. The NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Small Satellite Dynamics Testbed operates simulation and air- bearing testing environments. This paper focuses on its planar air-bearing platform used to create a nearly frictionless environment in three degrees of freedom: two translational and one rotational. The platform maneuvers using eight compressed air thrusters controlled by an onboard single-board computer using position feedback from a motion-capture system. This paper discusses the design, development, and testing of a closed-loop controller for this platform that enables trajectory following with position error less than 4 cm. The paper presents data from tests representative of HiSPEED spiral escape trajectories and operations in proximity to an asteroid, along with implications for HiSPEED and similar concepts.
Assessing Local Statistics of a Premixed Turbulent Bunsen Flame
Authors: Weng Yue , Potnis Aditya , Unni Vishnu R. , Saha Abhishek
Published: May 2024

The local interactions between the flame-front and turbulence control the dynamics, morphology, and propagation of a premixed turbulent flame. To investigate such complex dynamics of a flame–turbulence interaction, we present an experimental exposition of a premixed turbulent Bunsen flame. Several quantities have been evaluated to assess the flame–turbulence interaction. We first measured the statistics of the flowfield adjacent to the flame and compared it with the cold flow. This allowed us to evaluate the effect of the flame on the upstream turbulence. Subsequently, we performed statistical analyses of the local values of various stretch rates and quantified how their distribution changes with turbulence intensity and flame temperature. We also evaluated the pairwise relation among various stretch rates to assess their dependence on each other. Finally, we used flame particles to evaluate the Lagrangian evolution of stretch rates conditioned on flame-fronts. All the analyses presented in this work point out Karlovitz number as a key factor in determining the flame–turbulence interaction. Specifically, we observe a stronger influence of turbulent eddies on flames with increasing Karlovitz number, as evidenced by the reduced effect of flame on upstream flow, wider probability distribution functions of stretch rates, and increased persistence timescales for stretches.
Like an Inflatable Raft on Rapid Tides: Barriers to Community-Gown Projects at an Emerging Rural University in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mutongoza Bonginkosi Hardy
Published: May 2024

Community-gown projects are primarily intended to address the multi-faceted challenges in the developing world where vices such as poverty and inequality are exceptionally high. These projects thus present developing communities and the Global South as a whole with a potential pathway to development because their proponents argue that they are aimed at helping stakeholders actively participate in building sustainable communities. It is contended that universities are strategically poised to deliver sustainable development goals through knowledge production, dissemination, and research by promoting active citizenship and fostering responsible actions. This study examines the obstacles to community-gown projects at a newly established institution in Zimbabwe. To achieve this, the study employed a qualitative research approach through which data were collected using interviews with students, lecturers, and deans involved in community development projects at the university. Essential insights included that undertaking community-gown projects were being impeded by financial constraints, infrastructural inadequacies, and issues surrounding community access and accessibility, among other factors. The researcher recommends that universities consider regular auditing of the impacts of their projects in host communities and also have clear-cut policies on funding and the regulation of community-gown projects.
Nexus between Faith and Therapeutic Interventions in the Rehabilitation of Offenders: A Case Study of the Muslim Minority Community in South Africa
Authors: Khan Sultan
Published: May 2024

Throughout history, religion has been known to play an important role in regulating behaviour contributing to social order. It provides a moral foundation based on religious values and norms that prescribe and proscribe behaviour. Despite such a role, religion has been subjected to secular forms of social control through enacted rules for appropriate behaviour in society. Deviations from such rules are subject to prosecution and, in many instances, incarceration in correctional centres. In an attempt to rehabilitate the offender, both faith-based and secular therapeutic programmes are important aspects of rehabilitation. While this article briefly addresses secular intervention programmes, it focuses on how faith-based approaches can support and collaborate with other helping professions in promoting prosocial behaviour of offenders. The study draws on the experiences of other minority Muslims communities in the northern hemisphere, who have engaged with faith-based programmes in correctional centres. The case of the South Africa Muslim chaplaincy is presented to examine its nature, scope, and programmes offered to offenders in South African correctional centres. The study concludes that there is a space for faith-based approaches to be interfaced with and integrated in therapeutic programmes.
Article-Processing Fees and Subsidies: The Colonial Entanglement of Knowledge Production in South Africa—The Case of Gender-Based Violence Research
Authors: Van den Brink Jessica , Andrason Alexander
Published: May 2024

In this article, we studied the contribution of the current South African publishing ecosystem to the hierarchisation, elitism and monopolisation of knowledge production in social-justice studies, taking as an example the research area of gender-based violence (GBV). We examined the Sabinet database of articles published in South African journals on GBV between 2018 and 2022, and reviewed the pre- and post-production value chain related to the publication of these articles (especially the article page-fee structure and the governmental subsidy system). In addition, we couched this discussion in feminist decolonial critique. We conclude that the current publishing ecosystem—with the more or less active involvement and/or support of the government, journals and academics—greatly limits the diversity of voices able to contribute to the production of knowledge on GBV. This ecosystem hampers, minimises or even excludes the first-hand knowledge and experiences of those located outside of academic institutions (particularly, local researchers unaffiliated with South African universities, grassroot activists and members of non-governmental organisations). It conversely renders academics and the tertiary educational institutions which employ them as the only actors capable of benefiting financially from or contributing to the knowledge-production chain and, in return, feeding it. This cycle seems to propel the creation of an echo chamber of views, perspectives and opinions with academics and their tertiary educational institutions de facto acting as the only knowledge producers in the country. We propose that the solution to such an unjust situation is a radical decolonisation of the deeply epi-colonial South African publishing ecosystem.
An Overview of Emotional Intelligence by Using ASYIK Rewards in Group B of Pulogadung 01 State Kindergarten
Authors: Sri Endah Wahyuningsih  , Sri Watini
Published: May 2024

The emotional intelligence abilities of young children in the Pulogadung 01 State Kindergarten group were improved using the School's Reward ASYIK method. This research was conducted to determine the role of the ASYIK Reward method in developing and cultivating the emotional intelligence abilities of young children at the Pulogadung 01 State Kindergarten. The type of research carried out in this thesis is using a qualitative descriptive method with research that presents several facts and problems that occur in the field. The data collection technique in this research uses several techniques such as observation, interviews, and documentation collection. The results of the data analysis process carried out in this research were based on the ASYIK reward method in group B, which develops children's emotional intelligence at an early age at the Pulogadung 01 State Kindergarten. With these Rewards, the teaching and learning process and emotional intelligence can increase children's enthusiasm in competing to get prizes which can have an influence on the development of children's emotional intelligence.
Evaluation of lipid profile in systemic lupus erythematosus and relation with interleukin-10
Authors: Verma Shradha , Nanda Rachita , Shah Seema , Meher Jhasaketan , Rathore Vinay , Patel Suprava , Mohapatra Eli
Published: May 2024

Objectives:

To detect pattern of dyslipidemia in patients of SLE and clarify the correlation between lipid profile with disease activity, inflammatory factors, and cytokines.

Materials and Methods:

Blood collected from 65 SLE patients and 30 healthy controls measured Th-17, IL-17, IL-10 by flow cytometer.

Statistical analysis:

The relationship of lipid profile with various parameters was analyzed and stepwise logistic regression was used to assess the predictors of dyslipidemia.

Results:

The unique pattern of dyslipidemia in high disease activity was a significant decline in high density lipoprotein (HDL) and apolipoprotein A1 when compared to low disease activity. IL-10 was the strongest predictor for HDL (CI: -0.31 to -0.20, p=0.000). This is the first time a relation of IL-10 with HDL has been determined in SLE patients.

Conclusions:

IL-10 elevation is associated with decline in HDL. Since IL-10 appears to be a potential modulator of dyslipidemia in SLE, it can serve a new target for lipid metabolism to reduce cardiovascular risk in SLE.
Hourglass shaped extragenital Csillag’s disease
Authors: Tobin Joel , Samson Joan Felicita , John Tiya Elizabeth , Thaj Riyana R.
Published: May 2024

Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a benign, chronic inflammatory dermatosis affecting both the epidermis and dermis. It commonly affects the anogenital area and is seen predominantly in women. In only 15–20% of cases, extragenital involvement is seen. In females, long-standing anogenital lesions progress to form hourglass or dumbbell or figure of eight morphology. Here, we are reporting a case of extragenital LS at an unusual site in an hourglass morphology, which is usually encountered in females. Our patient was started on ultrapotent topical corticosteroids, following which erythema was reduced. The patient is advised regular follow-up.
Issues of anthropology on the borders of agnosticism and theology: overview of the quarterly seminar “Dialogue of Physicists and Theologians” (Moscow, St. Philaret Institute, 2013–2023)
Authors: Шпатаковская Г.В.
Published: May 2024

Тем не менее, и в прошлом, и в настоящее время

The author expresses his gratitude to all those who got acquainted with the different versions of the manuscript of the article for their feedback and recommendations and especially thanks A. M. Kopirovsky and G. L. Muravnik for important comments
Book review: Williams Anthony A. J. The Christian Left: An Introduction to Radical and Socialist Christian Thought Moscow : New Literary Review Publ., 2023. 272 p.
Authors: Амбарцумов И.В.
Published: May 2024

ДЛЯ ЦИТИРОВАНИЯ: Амбарцумов И. В. Рецензия на книгу: Уильямс Энтони А. Дж. Христи- анские левые. Введение в радикальную и социалистическую христианскую мысль. Москва : Новое литературное обозрение, 2023. 272 с. // Вестник Свято-Филаретовского института

FOR CITATION: Ambartsumov I. V. (2024). “Book review: Williams Anthony A. J. The Christian Left: An Introduction to Radical and Socialist Christian Thought. Moscow : New Literary Review Publ., 2023. 272 p.”. The Quarterly Journal of St. Philaret’s Institute
Organization and activities of the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society in the context of the church brotherhood movement
Authors: Полунов А.Ю.
Published: May 2024

В статье анализируется деятельность Императорского православного палестинского общества (ИППО) в контексте церковно-общественного движения 1880 — начала 1900-х гг. Рассматриваются начинания основателя Общества В. Н. Хитрово, отношения ИППО с административным аппаратом Российской империи. Автор показывает, что в деятельности Хитрово и его соратников проявилась важнейшая особенность общественной организации: опора на самостоятельный почин, идейно окрашенную мотивацию ее членов. С точки зрения ряда высокопоставленных сановников, в частности К. П. Победоносцева, ИППО эффективно выполняло важную задачу укрепления позиций России на Святой земле, будучи свободным от мертвящего воздействия бюрократии. Покровительство влиятельных государственных деятелей позволило организации развернуть широкомасштабные предприятия, такие как: поддержка Русской духовной миссии в Иерусалиме, содействие русским паломникам, создание культурно-просветительских и благотворительных учреждений для православного населения Сирии и Палестины. Несмотря на постепенно усиливавшееся сближение ИППО с государственными структурами, оно вплоть до 1917 г. оставалось самостоятельной общественной организацией. Наличие реальной автономии позволило Обществу внести значительный вклад в решение задач духовного, идеологического и культурно-просветительского плана, стоявших перед Россией в Святой земле.

The article analyzes the activities of the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society (IOPS) in the context of the church-social movement of the 1880s — early 1900s. The undertakings of the initiator of the establishment of the Society, V. N. Khitrovo, and the relations of the IOPS with the bureaucracy of the Russian Empire are considered. The author demonstrates that the activities of Khitrovo and his associates revealed the most important feature of the activities of a public organization: reliance on independent initiative, ideologically colored motivation of its members. From the viewpoint of a number of high-ranking statesmen, such as K. P. Pobedonostsev, the IOPS effectively carried out the important task of strengthening Russia’s position in the Holy Land, being free from the deadening influence of bureaucracy. The patronage of influential government figures allowed the organization to launch large-scale enterprises, such as supporting the Russian Spiritual Mission in Jerusalem, assisting Russian pilgrims, and creating cultural, educational and charitable institutions for the Orthodox population of Syria and Palestine. Despite the gradually increasing rapprochement of the IOPS with government structures, it remained an independent public organization until 1917. The real autonomy of the Society allowed it to make a significant contribution to solving the ideological, cultural and educational problems facing Russia in the Holy Land.
Direct Operando Identification of Reactive Electron Species Driving Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution on Metal-loaded Oxides
Authors: SATO Hiromasa , Sugimoto Toshiki
Published: May 2024

Performing operando spectroscopy under practical reaction conditions and extracting spectral components correlating with reaction activity are crucial in elucidating the reactive species in photocatalysis. However, the observation of weak signals corresponding to reactive photogenerated species is frequently hampered under reaction conditions owing to intense background signals originating from thermally-induced species unrelated to the photoinduced reactions. Herein, by synchronizing the millisecond periodic excitations of photocatalysts with a Michelson interferometer used for FT–IR spectroscopy, we succeeded in significantly suppressing the signals derived from thermally excited electrons and observing the reactive photogenerated electrons contributing to the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. This demonstration was achieved for metal-loaded Ga2O3 photocatalysts under steam methane reforming conditions. Although it has long been conventionally believed that loaded metal cocatalysts function as sinks for reactive photogenerated electrons and active sites for reduction reactions, we found that the free electrons in the metal cocatalysts were not directly involved in the reduction reaction. Alternatively, the electrons shallowly trapped in the in-gap states of Ga2O3 contributed to enhancing the hydrogen evolution rate upon the loading of metal cocatalysts. We verified that the electron abundance in the in-gap states was clearly correlated to the reaction activity, suggesting that metal-induced semiconductor surface states formed in the periphery of the metal cocatalyst play key roles in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Our microscopic insights shift a paradigm on the traditionally believed role of metal cocatalysts in photocatalysis and provide a fundamental basis for rational design of the metal/oxide interfaces as promising platforms for non-thermal hydrogen evolution.
Introducing Quantitative Assessment of Accuracy for the Equilibrium Constant of Affinity Complexes
Authors: Wang Tong , Latimer Jessica , Rukundo Jean Luc , Kogan Isaac , Krylova Svetlana , Schreiber Sebastian , Kohlmann Philip , Jose Joachim , Krylov Sergey
Published: May 2024

The equilibrium constant of affinity complexes (Kd) is among the most frequently determined physicochemical parameters, with thousands of papers reporting Kd values monthly. Kd is classically computed via nonlinear regression of a binding isotherm and, while it can be precise, it is often inaccurate due to error amplification. Currently, no method exists for quantitatively assessing the accuracy of Kd — here, we fill this knowledge gap. We introduce the accuracy confidence interval (ACI): a range within which the accurate value of a parameter lies with a defined probability. We also present the “ACI-Concept”: a general approach for determining the ACI of parameters computed with correct nonlinear regression models. The ACI-Concept combines regression-stability and error-propagation analyses. We apply the ACI-Concept to develop a workflow for determining the ACI of Kd from a single binding isotherm. We verify this workflow with computer-simulated and experimental binding isotherms. Finally, we implement this workflow in a user-friendly web application (https://aci.sci.yorku.ca) to facilitate its fast adoption by the broad research community. Knowing the ACI of Kd and other parameters computed through nonlinear regression will help researchers avoid misconceptions that can arise when relying solely on precision.
Mechanisms and Site Selectivity of (Het)Ar–X Oxidative Addition to Pd(0) Are Controlled by Frontier Molecular Orbital Symmetry
Authors: Lu Jingru , Schley Nathan , Paci Irina , Leitch David
Published: May 2024

We report how the reaction mechanism and site-selectivity of 2-halopyridine oxidative addition to L2Pd(0) are both controlled by frontier molecular orbital symmetry. Comparing oxidative addition rates for pairs of 2-chloro-3-EDG-pyridines / 2-chloro-5-EDG-pyridines (EDG = electron-donating group: NH2, OMe and F) to Pd(PCy3)2 reveals the 3-EDG isomers undergo oxidative addition ~100 times faster than their 5-EDG counterparts (∆ΔG‡OA = 10.4-11.6 kJ mol-1). Experimental and computational mechanistic studies reveal that the LUMO symmetries of the substrates control the oxidative addition mechanism. For the 3-EDG derivatives, high LUMO orbital coefficients at the reactive C2 position, and antibonding LUMO symmetry through the C2=N bond of the pyridine lead to a nucleophilic displacement oxida-tive addition mechanism. Conversely, the LUMO of the 5-EDG derivatives has a node through the C5–C2 plane, lead-ing to minimal orbital contribution at the reactive carbon. The higher energy LUMO+1 has substantial density at C2, but minimal orbital density at the nitrogen. This leads to 5-EDG substrates undergoing a 3-centered insertion oxida-tive addition mechanism. These orbital symmetry effects also control site-selectivity for multihalogenated pyridines, which we investigate for both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents. Incorporating simple fron-tier orbital based molecular descriptors to a quantitative multivariate linear model for oxidative addition leads to im-proved prediction accuracy for both relative rates and site-selectivity of substituted 2-halopyridine oxidative addition to L2Pd(0).
Embedded Many-Body Green's Function Methods for Complex Molecular Systems
Authors: Tirimbo Gianluca , Sundaram Vivek , Baumeier Björn
Published: May 2024

Many-body Green's function theory in the GW approximation with the Bethe--Salpeter equation (BSE) provides a powerful framework for the first-principles calculations of single-particle and electron-hole excitations in perfect crystals and molecules alike. Application to complex molecular systems, e.g., solvated dyes, molecular aggregates, thin films, interfaces, or macromolecules, is particularly challenging as they contain a prohibitively large number of atoms. Exploiting the often localized nature of excitation in such disordered systems, several methods have recently been developed in which GW-BSE is applied to a smaller, tractable region of interest that is embedded into an environment described with a lower-level method. Here, we review the various strategies proposed for such embedded many-body Green's functions approaches, including quantum-quantum and quantum-classical embeddings, and focus in particular on how they include environment screening effects either intrinsically in the screened Coulomb interaction in the GW and BSE steps or via extrinsic electrostatic couplings.
Dynamic Charge Distribution as a Key Driver of Catalytic Reactivity in an Artificial Metalloenzyme
Authors: Kastner David , Reinhardt Clorice , Adamji Husain , Manetsch Melissa , Roman-Leshkov Yuriy , Kulik Heather
Published: May 2024

Miniature artificial enzymes such as mimochromes provide a simplified platform to extract design principles for engineering rate enhancements beyond that of natural enzymes, although design optimizations have largely focused on geometric properties, leaving the impact of the electronic environment unexplored. To investigate how the electronic environment influences reactivity, we carry out classical and ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, supervised machine learning (ML), and statistical analysis of a series of mimochromes, MC6, MC6*, and MC6*a. Our classical MD simulations reveal a correlation between increased protein–heme contact and improved reactivity, confirming the importance of geometry, while ab initio MD simulations provide insight into the electronic environment, showing the electrostatic potential (ESP) at the metal center also correlates with reactivity. Quantum mechanical calculations of sulfoxidation and hydroxylation reactions demonstrate that the negative ESP at the metal center and active site electric field stabilize the highest-energy intermediate. Furthermore, using ML classifiers, we identify critical residues such as Lys12 and Asp18 in MC6*a that demonstrate charge-coupling patterns that explain differences in reactivity. This suggests that the reactivity series in mimochromes is primarily driven by key aspects of partial charge distribution dynamics, which should guide the engineering of next-generation metalloenzymes.
GOLD RECOVERY FROM WASTE PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD IODIDE LEACHATES USING A NOVEL MEMBRANE-BASED ELECTROWINING PROCESS
Authors: Mukuna Ngeleka Marco , Petersen Jochen , Moyo Thandazile
Published: May 2024

The hydrometallurgical recovery of gold from waste printed circuit boards is considered a promising recycling technique. This paper presents the findings from a study investigating the feasibility of a hydrometallurgical technique to recover gold from waste printed circuit board iodide leachates using a novel membrane-based electrowinning process. Findings showed that the investigated novel process has the potential to be technically feasible if employed in a real-life industrial-scale waste printed circuit board recycling operation. This is primarily because high purity (>99%) Au was effectively recovered using the investigated process with a 95.50 % yield under the following conditions: 6.0 hrs time, constant cell voltage of 12.9 V, temperature of 25 degrees celsius, 250 rpm agitation speed, average current of 5 A, 1429 A/m2 equivalent current density, and 8.4 × 10-6 mol/m2.s Au flux. Overall, the simultaneous recovery of iodide lixiviant with Au makes the recovery process simple as well as potentially cost-effective. Further studies on the process scale-up are required to accurately evaluate the overall costing of the gold recovery process via the proposed technology.
Tuning the electronic properties of Zr UiO-66 through defect-functionalised multivariate modulation.
Authors: Rosales-Martínez Carmen , Assis Marcelo , Castillo-Blas Celia , Abánades Lázaro Isabel
Published: May 2024

The multivariate modulation of Metal-Organic Frameworks is presented as a valuable tool to introduce multiple functional units into UiO-66 while increasing its porosity. This manuscript encloses a comprehensive study using p-functionalised benzoate -NO2, -SO3 and -SH modulators, rationalizing the defects introduced and their impact on properties.
Effectiveness of Emollient Topical Therapy on Hand Dermatitis Events
Authors: Pranesti Rahma , Sutrisna Em , Faradisa Nida , Pramuningtyas Ratih
Published: May 2024

Background: Clinically, hand dermatitis manifests as either irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) or allergy contact dermatitis (ACD). Patients with hand dermatitis typically use emollients to reduce transepidermal water loss (TEWL).Objective: This investigation aims to evaluate the efficacy of emollient topical therapy on hand dermatitis.Methods: The study's design was based on a literature review, and the research samples were obtained through online searches on Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect.Results: 495 items were subsequently excluded based on the restriction criteria. We obtained eight research articles for evaluation. Hand Eczema Severity Index (HECSI), TEWL, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Health-related quality of life (HRQoL), Modified Total Lesion Symptom Score (mTLSS), Investigator Global Assessment (IGA), and Visual analog score (VAS) were used to measure hand dermatitis, and there was a significant increase in these measurements for emollients. In the conclusion of the eight articles, six stated that they were significant, and two stated that emollients were effectively used as topical therapy.Conclusion: Emollients typically act on the epidermis, particularly the stratum corneum, which can reduce TEWL so that antigen penetration and inflammation spread are not facilitated.
IMPACTS of SUPERSONIC and SUBSONIC AMMUNITION on GUNSHOT RESIDUE DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Öğünç Gökhan İbrahim , Şen Nilgün , Yüksel Bayram , Oğur Emre , İşcan Hatice
Published: May 2024

In incidents where firearms are involved, the determination of the firing distance is one of the basic steps of the analysis aimed at determining the origin of the incident with Forensic Shot Analysis studies. Shot residues consist of partially burned and unburnt powder grains, gunpowder gas, capsule residues and inorganic and organic residues. As a result of determining the presence and density of shot residues on the target, the distance from which the shot was fired can be determined.
The pattern and density of shot residues exhibit a direct correlation with the specifications of firearms and ammunition. The intended use and traits of the weapon affect the properties of the ammunition. An instance of specialised ammunition is subsonic cartridges which have lower powder burn rates and amounts compared to supersonic cartridges.
To ensure accurate gunshot residue analysis, gunshot residue density and pattern from reference test-fires are necessary. The key factors affecting the GSR analysis are the type of weapon and ammunition used during test-fires, which should closely match those used in the incident. Any variation in these variables can reduce the precision of the residue analysis.
In the study, an independent T-test was applied to determine whether there is a significant difference between the gunshot residue density on the target during test firing of 9×19mm diameter and type Supersonic and Subsonic cartridges with semi-automatic pistols at distances of 0cm, 15cm, 30cm, 60cm and 100cm.
It was determined that a significant difference existed between supersonic and subsonic cartridges in the density and patterns of gunshot residue on the target resulting from shots fired at the mentioned distances.
Statistical Analysis of the Environmental Impacts of Brine Discharged by the Tuz Gölü Natural Gas Storage Project on Tuz Gölü
Authors: Akter Önal Nagehan , Çelebi Hakan
Published: May 2024

Tuz Gölü Natural Gas Storage Project is one of the most crucial projects developed by BOTAŞ within the framework of ensuring energy supply security. Within the scope of this project. artificial caverns are created for the storage of natural gas and for this purpose. salt layers located 700 to 1500 meters below the ground are leached with fresh water. The brine released as a result of the leaching is discharged into the Tuz Gölü through a 40 km pipeline. This study aims to analyze and interpret the effects of this discharge on the Tuz Gölü. pH, Electrical Conductivity, Salinity, Dissolved Solids Suspended Solids, Sulfate, Chloride Alkalinity, Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonium Nitrogen, Sodium, Magnesium, Calcium, Oil and Gress parameters were analyzed to determine the water quality in the brine samples taken monthly from the brine discharge point from 2015 when the discharge started until 2023. Related measurements were taken monthly within the scope of this project and analyzed by an accredited laboratory. SPSS 25.0 for Windows package program was used for data analysis. Mean and standard deviation values were used to describe the data. Kolmogorov Smirnov normality test was performed to confirm conformity of the research parameters to the standard normal distribution. The present study aims to provide an environmental impact prediction for future projects.
Bulanık Analitik Hiyerarşi Algoritması ile Sığırlarda Damızlık Seçimi
Authors: Kuçi Rifai , Isık Ali Hakan , Işık Nimet , Köker Afşin
Published: May 2024

Günümüzde sığır yetiştiriciliği hakkında yeterli bilgiye sahip olmayan ve yetiştirme sürecindeki zorluklar göz önünde bulundurularak, damızlık sığır yetiştirmeyi amaçlayan yetiştiricilere yönelik olarak geliştirilen uygulamamız, sığır seçiminde yardımcı olmaktadır. Bu uygulama, çok kriterli karar verme süreçlerini dinamik bir şekilde ele alarak her sektörde kullanılabilir niteliktedir. Sistemin arka kısmında FAHP hesaplamaları kullanılmış, ölçeklendirme için ise Chang yöntemi adımları uygulanmıştır. Yetiştiricilerin görüşleri göz önünde bulundurularak belirlenen kriterler üzerinde matematiksel hesaplamalar yapılarak karmaşık karar verme süreçleri, geliştirilen uygulama üzerinden çözülmektedir. Çalışmada, yetiştiricilerin sisteme kaydettiği modeller üzerinden seçim testleri yapmalarına ve istedikleri alternatifleri yeni modeller oluşturarak değerlendirmelerine olanak tanınmıştır. Bu sayede belirlenen öncelik değerleri açısından bulanık ağırlık değeri en yüksek olan alternatif seçilerek en uygun damızlık sığır tercih edilmektedir. Uygulama sayesinde yetiştiriciler, maliyeti ve üretim açısından önemli verim elde edecekleri en uygun damızlık sığırı seçebilecektir. Bu sistem, sığır yetiştiriciliği alanında bilgi eksikliğini gidermeye ve karar verme süreçlerini kolaylaştırmaya yardımcı olacaktır.