bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystallization and rheological properties of alloys
Authors: Korostelev V F , Denisov M S
Published: September 2020

In the presented work, compressibility is proposed as a property characterizing rheology, i.e. a relative decrease in the volume of liquid metal under the influence of pressure. Compressibility depends on many factors; at a fixed cooling rate, the dependence of compressibility on pressure is established experimentally. The research used industrial equipment for melting metal, pouring it into special equipment, applying pressure to liquid and crystallizing metal according to the program, as well as for recording computer diagrams describing the dependence of compressibility on the magnitude and rate of pressure application. The pressure was varied in the range of 0 … 400 MPa for 4-7 sec, the compressibility value was fixed at the level of 12-13 %. It is also established that the difference in the structure of the B95 alloy formed from a melt pre-pressed under high pressure consists in the absence of pronounced grain boundaries, and in the special character of the release of excess phases, indicating the manifestation of the growth of dendritic cells from the centers of crystallization. The advantages of the developed casting process with high-pressure pressing of liquid metal is a significant reduction of production cycle duration and metal losses, as well as the absence of necessity for processing workpieces by plastic deformation methods.
Structural studies of additive hard magnetic alloy Alnico24
Authors: Zhukov A S , Barakhtin B K , Bobyr V V , Titova A D
Published: September 2020

The structure of the hard-magnetic alloy Alnico24 manufactured on the Russian SLM FACTORY selective laser melting unit was studied. Powder for alloying with a fraction of up to 80 μm was obtained by melt atomization from ingots on a HERMIGA 75 / 3VI unit. At various scanning modes and laser power, additive samples were manufactured to the structure studies. Detailed structural studies were performed using multifractal parameterization.
Development of organic poultry farming based on environmental engineering
Authors: Roiter L M , Eremeeva N A , Roiter Y S
Published: September 2020

In modern market conditions, the issues of the need to expand the market potential of the poultry industry through the production of organic products that balance the ecosystem and human needs for natural food are increasingly discussed. Today, the main focus is on getting the maximum profit at the lowest cost. This goal is achieved due to the intensity of growth and development of a biological object through the use of antibiotics, growth stimulants and preservatives, as well as other animal protection products, which are integrated as manufactured products and the translation of these negative factors through the body of the bird to humans. This is confirmed by the results of studies conducted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) on the lack of vitamins, minerals, trace elements in the production of products based on intensive technologies. They call this situation “hidden hunger”, which leads to nutritional deficiencies, that is, a state where the quality of the food consumed does not meet the needs of a person. According to FAO data, about 2 billion people in the world experience “hidden hunger”. This situation gradually leads people to comprehend the need to return to natural, natural standards of farming. Organic poultry farming is one of the manifestations of this process. The idea of sustainable development of any industrial enterprise that can simultaneously reduce the harmful impact on the environment and increase the efficiency of technological processes is allowed by environmental engineering, which is an approach of technological and engineering origin, aimed at improving and maintaining conditions for maintaining anthropomorphic safety, preserving useful ecosystems and improvements. environment-related living conditions of people. With regard to the production of organic poultry products, environmental engineering is intended to study and design specialized modules at all stages of the life cycle of this technology, close to the natural habitat of the poultry population.
Method of estimating the Pareto-optimal solutions based on the usefulness
Authors: Zargaryan E V , Zargaryan Y A , Kapc I V , Sakharova O N , Kalyakina I M , Dmitrieva I A
Published: September 2020

This article briefly discusses methods for finding Pareto-optimal solutions for multi-criteria problems in the conditions of uncertainty. It is noted that the quality of management depends on the adequacy of the rule base for the selected fuzzy controller set by experts. The conditions for the final decision of the choice of the Pareto-optimal fuzzy solution are determined. An algorithm for the method of estimating the Pareto-optimal solution taking into account utility is developed and presented. Multicriteria optimization of the functioning of control systems is considered when setting local criteria in the form of fuzzy intervals. Scalarization methods that are used in ranking criteria are considered. Quantitative determination of the criterion is applicable if its numerical comparison is possible. The objective function is determined by local criteria. Optimization is associated with the search for control actions that provide optimal values of the multidimensional objective function. For problems with threshold optimization, a similar estimate can also be obtained. Given that, when analyzing solution options, complexity scales are constructed, an estimate of the time to build the complexity scale is also introduced. The application of the threshold optimization method to search for the Pareto optimal solution is considered. An approach to evaluating Pareto-optimal solutions using the criteria for evaluating utility is proposed. An algorithm has been developed to evaluate the Pareto-optimal solution taking into account utility.
The effect of plasma electrolytic polishing on the surface properties of titanium alloy after plasma electrolytic chemical-thermal treatment
Authors: Kusmanov S A , Tambovskiy I V , Silkin S A , Nikiforov R V , Belkin P N
Published: September 2020

A change in the surface morphology of a titanium alloy under the influence of its erosion as well as dissolution and oxidizing for cathodic or anodic carburizing was studied. An electronic microscope was applied to investigation of surface morphology and cross-section of modified specimens. The roughness of samples surface and their microhardness were measured. It was found that the decrease in the samples weight after cathodic or anodic carburizing was comparable. The surface roughness after cathodic carburizing increases more than after anodic one, but it can be reduced by 1.5 times by plasma electrolytic polishing.
Construction and operation of linear constructions at the polygonal land relief, in the conditions of distribution of permafrost soil
Authors: Fazilova Z
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this paper is a promising development of methods for the roadbed design in the conditions of polygonal terrain and the presence of underground ice (ice, formation and polygonal-vein underground ice) and the analysis of the perspective for the for railway construction Arctic Zone. The choice of a criterion is made, on the one hand, according to the to the data of daily survey practice and the relative ease of establishing indicators of natural conditions responsible for the development of subsidence, on the other hand, according to the most objective reflection of the conditions of the sedimentation process. As tools of engineering protection of an embankment body which is located in the territory of distribution of the polygonal relief (polygonal vein ice), it is offered to produce local thermal insulation of the soils of the foundation of the embankment body and the adjacent territory in order to preserve the ground ice in the frozen state.
Rank analysis of energy efficiency of diesel power plants of the Krasnoyarsk region
Authors: Panteleev V I , Sizganova E Yu , Petukhov R A , Pilyugin G A , Zilberman S M
Published: September 2020

On basis of the data provided by the Ministry of Industry, Energy and Housing Maintenance and Utilities of the Krasnoyarsk region a rank analysis of energy efficiency of municipally supervised diesel power plants on the criterion of diesel fuel specific flow was carried out. This made it possible to identify facilities with abnormal fuel consumption and to preliminary determine its causes. A recommendation was made to improve the energy efficiency of diesel power plants.
The study of variations in refractive indices of ZnSe single crystals in the range of 1.5-27 microns
Authors: Kotlikov E N , Novikova Yu A , Tereshchenko G V
Published: September 2020

The study of using new materials for the production of optical sensors, synthetic vision systems, and modern glasses with specified frequency polarization properties is impossible without their experimental research. Such research is focused on the further solution for the problems of synthesis or optimization of the technological process using accurate data on the parameters of a specific sample of production optical material. Here are the results of measurements and algorithms for processing the data obtained in order to estimate the refractive index of zinc selenide single crystals of the same ZnSe CVD type from different batches. A method for determining the refractive index is developed based on the spectrophotometric method using the reflection and transmittance spectra of plates, as well as the spectrum of the reflection from the sample surface. The results of the study showed not only the correctness of the proposed method. They also showed that in the studied part of the infrared range, the obtained refractive indices for different samples of zinc selenide from the same batch differ more from each other than indicated in reference publications. It should be taken into account when developing products of transmittance optics.
The role of bound water in the process of low-temperature oxidation of aluminum powders
Authors: Mostovshchikov A V , Ilyin A P , Korshunov A V
Published: September 2020

The processes of oxidation of aluminum powders with various particles size (micron and submicron samples) when heated in air were studied using differential thermal analysis. It was found that decreasing of particle size leads to an increase in the content of bound water in the form of hydroxides in the aluminum particles shells. The (hydr)oxides decompose with the release of water vapor when heated, and there is a local loss of continuity of the protective shells of Al particles, which contributes to the initiation of the metal oxidation process. In the temperature range of 350-600 °C, water vapor interacts with the surface of Al particles, resulting in the presence of hydrogen in the gas released from the thermal analyzer furnace. Based on a combination of data from thermal analysis, mass spectrometry and electron microscopy, it was shown that the main cause of the onset of oxidation of submicron Al particles was destruction of the (hydr)oxide shells due to intense gas formation at the metal core/shell interface due to the release of water vapor and hydrogen.
Dynamic plastic deformation of metal-matrix composites
Authors: Kaygorodov A S , Zayats S V
Published: September 2020

The mode of dynamic plastic deformation of metal-matrix composites based on aluminum and titanium is realized by the method of multiple magnetic-pulse pressing of powders. To obtain a different degree of deformation, the height of the compacts or the multiplicity of the pressing were varied. The initial powders with the “metal core - strong shell” structure were obtained by the method of electric explosion of the corresponding wires, followed by passivation. It was found that as a result of plastic deformation, these shells are destroyed and their fragments uniformly strengthen the metal matrix. This effect is enhanced by additional heating of the powder to 400°C during pressing. This approach makes it possible to increase the microhardness of pure Al and Ti by a factor of 5 to 1.2 and 5.7 GPa, respectively. In this case, the electrical resistance of aluminum and the plasticity of titanium composites are comparable with the corresponding characteristics of pure metals.
Transformations in aluminum oxyhydroxide under powerful short-pulse microwave radiation
Authors: Mostovshchikov A V , Ilyin A P , Korshunov A V
Published: September 2020

Modification of a material based on Al oxyhydroxide (boehmite/γ-Al2O3) with metal Al fragments (nanoparticles, clusters) has been achieved by the treatment of the material under powerful short-pulse microwave radiation (pulse duration 20 ns, pulse repetition 25 Hz, power density 8 kW/cm2, frequency 2.85 GHz, amplitude of the electric strength component ~2.5·106 V/m). The Al oxyhydroxide was precipitated from a mixture of AlCl3 with ammonia solution and heated at 250 °C for 4 hours. The prepared sample was of predominant amorphous structure, the overall water content (adsorbed, bound, structured) amounted to 15 wt.% in average. The microwave irradiation of the samples (1-3 min) resulted in formation of Al fragments smaller than 100 nm within the solid matrix. Formation of metal Al in the irradiated samples was detected by means of thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The average content of Al in irradiated samples amounted to ~1.5 wt.%. A rational explanation of the observed metallization effect has been suggested.
Theoretical evaluation of the performance of greases with additives
Authors: Ostrikov V V , Sazonov S N , Vigdorowitsch M V , Koshelev A V , Khatuntsev V V
Published: September 2020

The formation of protective films under the action of additives on friction surfaces is a rather complicated process. In the first approximation, when the materials of the additive present in the lubricant interact with the substrate material, physicochemical processes should occur, as a result of which the near-surface structure of the metal changes, etc. The stability of a structured lubrication system depends on the strength of the structural framework, the forces of interaction between its individual particles, the dispersion medium at the interface, and the number of particle contacts per unit volume. The efficiency of the lubrication with additives from graphite and graphene components is considered. It was found that if we know the binding energy of 1 mole of the film and its thickness, it is possible to determine the separation pressure. As a result of a theoretical analysis of the processes occurring during the interaction of graphene particles with the surface of the substrate or metal, the dependence of the multiplier function on the number of layers in the film was established. An equation is obtained that characterizes the total area of separation of film fragments over the entire surface of the part, taking into account the pressure in the nodes and mechanisms and the stochastic nature of this phenomenon. It has been determined that the functioning of a new assembly or mechanism, pressure fluctuations are minimal due to minimal wear and optimal part tolerances. In the interaction of metal - metal additives, the electrons of the metal atoms are able to form an electron cloud in the crystal lattice, partially extending beyond the lattice. This can lead to the appearance of a dipole moment, the negatively charged pole of which is outside the metal lattice, and the positively charged pole is inside it. Metal nanoparticles that make up additives to lubricants, in contrast to graphenes, are nanosized 3D objects with a full-fledged crystal lattice, and therefore have higher dipole moments, which reduces the adhesive properties of the film, but in general does not contradict the known theories of their formation at certain conditions.
Electrical properties and fire resistance of LDPE/EVA/FLY ASH composite materials
Authors: Trong Vu Minh , Hoan Bui Dinh
Published: September 2020

This paper investigates the fire resistance and electrical properties of composite materials with a base polymer of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA)-Low density polyethylene (LDPE) blending material and an additive of unmodified fly ash (FA) and modified by vinyltrimetoxysilane (MFA). The results of the fire resistance survey show that the LDPE/EVA/(FA and MFA) composite materials all have lower fire rates than the polymer blend LDPE/EVA. Fly ash particles have the potential to limit the combustion of organic polymers. Insulating properties and dielectric strength of LDPE/EVA/MFA composites are better than LDPE/EVA/FA composites. Unmodified fly ash and VTMS modified may partially reduce the insulation capacity of the polymer blend LDPE/EVA but remain within the requirements of good insulating materials.
Influence of temperature conditions on the shrinkage of wax patterns for investment casting
Authors: Nikitin K V , D’yachkov V N , Nikitin V I , Barinov A Yu , Deev V B
Published: September 2020

The study of free linear shrinkage of unfilled (PS50-50, MBC 3-T, Romocast 105, Romocast 152) and filled (Romocast 252, Romocast 325) model compositions for investment casting depending on the ambient temperature was carried out. It has been shown that unfilled model compositions have the greatest free linear shrinkage, and filled ones have the smallest. Moreover, the processes associated with free linear shrinkage proceeded in the samples for a long time (up to 24 h). This is probably caused by the duration of the polymerization processes and the low thermal conductivity of the model compositions. A change in the ambient temperature in the range from –5 to +35 °C has a significant effect on the linear dimensions of the samples from the studied model compositions. The length of samples from unfilled model compositions varies from +0.3 to –0.4%, and from filled ones from +0.2 to –0.15%. When samples from unfilled compositions cooled to –5 °C and subsequently heated to +20 °C, their initial length decreases on average by 0.2 mm, and at heating to +35 °C and subsequent cooling to +20 °C, it increases on average by 0.2–0.3 mm. At similar changes in ambient temperature, the dimensional change of samples from filled model compositions is not more than 0.1 mm.
The fractal approach and the effect of nanoadhesive in polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Lee R I , Rizaeva Y N , Manaenkov K A , Psarev D N , Kiba M R
Published: September 2020

Currently, a thermodynamic fractal model of the formation of an interphase layer in polymer nanocomposites is becoming widespread. In accordance with this model, the surface of nanoparticles with which the polymer matrix interacts is a fractal object. This means that the number of contact points depends on the dimension of the nanoparticle surface accessible for such a contact (unshielded). The dependences of the interfacial adhesion parameter on the coefficients of thermal expansion, nanoparticle size, fractal dimension of the nanoparticle surface, etc. have been obtained. In polymer nanocomposites, the level of interfacial adhesion, in comparison with microcomposites, is an order of magnitude higher. This phenomenon is called the nanoadhesion effect and it has an absolutely dimensional character, i.e. takes place when polymers are filled with nanosized particles. Currently, to assess the level of interaction between the phases “nanoparticle-polymer” use the parameter of the level of interfacial adhesion, which is calculated by the values of three quantities: the actual coefficient of linear thermal expansion of the investigated nanocomposite, the coefficients of linear thermal expansion, calculated by the rule of mixtures and by the Turner formula. Considering a nanoparticle as a fractal object, it is possible to estimate the influence of the nanoparticle size, fractal dimension of the nanoparticle surface, and the volumetric content of the filler on the level of interfacial adhesion in the nanocomposite. The article investigates the influence of the size of nanoparticles and the fractal dimension of the surface of aluminum nanoparticles on the parameter of interfacial adhesion. It has been established that filling the polymer matrix with aluminum nanoparticles with the size rn
= 35nm, fractal dimension of the nanoparticle ds
= 3,3 surface will provide the effect of nanoadhesion in the new nanocomposite based on the elastomer. Experimental studies have confirmed the presence of the nanoadhesion effect in the nanocomposite based on the F-40C elastomer, which manifested itself in an increase in its deformation and strength properties. The optimal composition of the nanocomposite, which provides the highest deformation and strength properties of the material, has been determined.
The influence of the Friction Stir Welding process on the non-heat-hardenable aluminum alloy AA5056 structure formation depending on the sheet workpiece rolling direction
Authors: Kalashnikova T A , Zhukov L L
Published: September 2020

This paper is devoted to the study of friction stir welded joints made of 5-mm-thick aluminium alloy AA5056 sheet metal. These joints were produced using workpieces cut along and across the rolling direction of the material. Metallographic studies were carried out to determine the structural features of joints obtained by friction stir welding. Tensile tests across the weld were carried out to verify that the ultimate tensile strength requirements for the welded joint are met. It was found out that mechanical properties of joints are different depending on the rolling direction. In the case of welding along the rolling direction with varying parameters, a large number of welds have an ultimate tensile strength of at least 0.9 of the base metal one. In the case of welding across the rolling direction, in some cases the ultimate tensile strength of the weld exceeds that of the base metal. As a result of the research, it was found that when welding in different directions relative to the rolling direction, there is a wide range of friction stir welding parameters for 5-mm-thick workpieces made of AA5056 alloy, which also depends on the rolling direction of workpieces.
Amphiphilic polymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and their protective properties during the formation of metal nanoparticles
Authors: Ostaeva G Yu , Morenko I V , Isaeva I Yu , Eliseeva E A , Kuskov A N
Published: September 2020

The possibility of using amphiphilic polymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone as polymer protectors of metal nanoparticles is researched. When metal ions are reduced in aqueous solutions of the corresponding salts in the presence of amphiphilic polymers, copper nanoparticles with a diameter of 4-12 nm or palladium particles with a diameter of 3-5 nm are formed. Nanoparticles are included in rather large aggregates of micelles of amphiphilic polymers. It was found that extremely stable sols are formed in the presence of amphiphilic polymers. In this case, the stability of sols to irreversible aggregation and oxidation of metal nanoparticles increases both with increasing length of the polymer’s hydrophilic chains and with increasing length of hydrophobic fragments. In the presence of a low-molecular-weight electrolyte, particles with a smaller diameter are formed. However, the resistance of metal nanoparticles to oxidation is reduced by 6-10 times.
Influence of structural form of elements on corrosion of metal structures
Authors: Gushchin S N
Published: September 2020

The article considers the influence of the structural form of elements on the corrosion of metal structures. Corrosion is the spontaneous destruction of metals and alloys as a result of chemical, electrochemical or physical-chemical interaction with the environment. Usually, local corrosion is the result of the concentration of the anode reaction of metal ionization on certain small areas of the metal surface, while the rest of the surface is mainly cathodic reactions. The most typical example of local corrosion due to structural features of metal is intergranular corrosion of stainless steels and aluminum alloys. A high rate of metal ionization along the boundaries of grains or intermetallic compounds leads to the predominant dissolution of these sites, which weakens the bond between individual crystals. When designing the equipment, it is not necessary to cover individual parts of the device with insulating materials, and it is also necessary to exclude the possibility of solid precipitation and scale. The latter is partially achieved by the correct choice of the electrolyte speed and continuous mechanical removal of precipitation.
Polycrystalline diamond CVD-synthesis on modified silicon substrates from methane-hydrogen plasma
Authors: Maslov A L , Polushin N I , Laptev A I , Vysotina E A , Martynova T V
Published: September 2020

The widespread use of diamond in electronics, photonics and other fields of science and technology is currently constrained by the possibility of obtaining high-quality material – polycrystalline diamond CVD-films on silicon, molybdenum, copper and other materials, as well as a small deposition area. Substrates special pretreatment will allow solving both problems. This paper presents the results of the synthesis of several types of polycrystalline diamond film (light-gray, gray and dark-gray) on a modified silicon substrate. We discuss the technical aspects of modifying silicon substrate surface and the synthesis parameters of each type of film. The results obtained in this work allow in the future significantly increase the geometric dimensions of deposited diamond films without reducing their quality, which will make it possible to use them as optical windows.
Express-analysis of nitrogen content in CVD-diamonds by FTIR-spectrometry
Authors: Martynova T V , Polushin N I , Laptev A I , Maslov A L
Published: September 2020

Natural and synthetic diamonds most often contain nitrogen impurities, which can form tens of impurity and impurity-vacancy centers in the crystal structure of diamond. At the same time, crystals properties of and possibility of their use in specific application strongly depend on the diamonds impurity composition. In this work, we investigated by the method of Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) the impurity composition of HPHT-diamond substrates and changes in it after the deposition of diamond layers by the CVD-method. We used Ardis 300 for deposition of diamond layers from methane-hydrogen plasma with 3% methane at a temperature of 1100 °C, a pressure of 26.7 kPa and a power of 3800 W on diamond HPHT-substrates containing from 70 to 200 ppm of nitrogen. The proposed technique makes possible to study the integral content of impurities in diamond, which will make it possible to quickly evaluate the result of the diamond layers synthesis and conclude about the possibility of their application in various fields of science and technology, as well as use in jewelry industry.
Growth of polycrystalline CVD-diamond and its defective structure
Authors: Maslov A L , Polushin N I , Laptev A I , Vysotina E A , Martynova T V
Published: September 2020

Polycrystalline diamond films are used in various fields of science and technology, for example, in photonics and electronics. The growth of high-quality polycrystalline films is restrained by the formation of small cracks at the periphery, which are associated with thermal stresses, as well as a low growth rate. Treatment of the substrate surface makes it possible to increase the initial rate of film formation and to form a continuous layer of diamond film on its surface. In this work, we presented the results of the synthesis of polycrystalline films, the optimal deposition mode and the growth rate of such the film and the topology of its surface. The results obtained in the future will make it possible to obtain high-quality polycrystalline diamond films of a larger area, which will significantly increase the diameter of finished products made of them.
Influence of polymer pseudo-matrix on the formation of copper nanoparticles on the steel surface
Authors: Ostaeva G Yu , Morenko I V , Isaeva I Yu , Eliseeva E A
Published: September 2020

The processes of copper reduction on the steel surface in the presence of a polymer protector were researched to determine the effect of the polymer pseudo-matrix on the characteristics of the resulting nanoparticles. Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) with different molecular mass, poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ethylene glycol monolaurate) were used as a polymer pseudo-matrix. Transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the synthesis products. It was found that in the presence of a polymer protector, nanocomposite particles are formed, including copper-containing particles and a polymer. It is shown that the nature of the polymer affects the morphological structure of nanocomposites formed on the surface of steel. In the presence of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone), spherical agglomerates consisting of smaller copper particles are formed. In the presence of poly(ethylene glycol monolaurate), needle-like structures are formed. In the presence of poly(ethylene glycol), dendritic structures are formed. In this case, copper nanoparticles of 3-10 nm size are formed directly on the steel surface in the presence of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) or poly(ethylene glycol monolaurate).
Study of the stability of the geometric dimensions of wax models of GTE blades using rapid prototyping technology
Authors: Vdovin R A
Published: September 2020

The work presents the results of a study of the stability of geometric dimensions of wax models of compressor stator blades of the 15th stage, manufactured using rapid prototyping technology. In the process of performing the work, the algorithm for assigning the total shrinkage was studied. It is established that the deviation of geometric dimensions, both in the greater and in the lesser direction relative to the nominal size of the blade is caused by the amount of volumetric shrinkage of the material used. Measuring the linear dimensions of wax models of blades allowed us to determine the nature of the geometry deviation for further accounting and compensation.
Technological basis for the synthesis of polymer composite on the basis of highly filled with tungsten oxide polyimide matrix
Authors: Yastrebinsky R N , Pavlenko Z V , Yastrebinskaya A V
Published: September 2020

When creating highly filled compositions based on powder components, it is necessary to take into account the physical processes both at the stage of activation and mixing of the components, and at the stage of forming the product by pressing at high pressure. The paper presents a probe microscopy of the surface of a polyimide composite with a filler of various compositions. The optimal composition of the composite material is determined based on the data on the passage of ultrasonic waves in it. The dependence of the density of the composite on the content of the filler and the pressing pressure, as well as the change in the uniformity of the surface on these factors, has been established. It is shown that when using modified tungsten dioxide, the homogeneity and filling of the composite increases to 20% in comparison with unmodified tungsten dioxide at the same material strength. An increase in the strength characteristics of the polyimide composite due to the crosslinking of the polymer matrix with the filler has been established.
Features of the effects of oriented plastic deformation in rectangular bars
Authors: Gushchin S N
Published: September 2020

The article considers the features of the effects of oriented plastic deformation in rectangular cross-section rods. The effect of changes in elastic resistance thresholds is that in cases when products are subjected to loads in the same directions as previous plastic deformations, the elastic resistance boundaries expand. Some elements of structures exhaust reserves in the initial stages of loading, causing early appearance of foci of destruction. With increasing deformities, the number of foci increases and can reach dangerous development. Since the residual stresses, as well as the stresses from the applied loads, are always oriented in some way, the results are determined by adding all the components. Turning to the question of the physical prerequisites for using more convenient parameters, it should be emphasized that the widespread interpretation of curved sections of loading diagrams as symbolizing the hardening of materials cannot be used as the basis for the choice of design parameters. Independent objects of application of the calculation system can be used to determine the residual stresses themselves using the derived calculation dependencies.
Optical fluorescent memory with a recording media based on 3- (thiophene-2-carbonyl) -2- (furan-2-yl) -4n-chromen-4-one
Authors: Adamov G E , Kurbangaleev V R , Poroshin N O , Malyshev P B , Levchenko K S , Shmelin P S , Grebennikov E P
Published: September 2020

The physical limitations of the amount of data stored on optical media are pushing researchers to create new materials and methods for recording and reading data. One of the promising areas is the use of fluorescent compounds. Within the framework of this work, polymer structures of optical fluorescent memory with a recording medium based on 3-(thiophene-2-carbonyl) -2- (furan-2-yl) -4n-chromen-4-one in polymethylmethacrylate have been fabricated and investigated. The concentration of chromone was 5% (wt.), Which during recording made it possible to achieve optical density values at λ = 442 nm in the range of 0.01 – 0.02 with a central layer thickness of 1-3 µm. In the structures developed, the process of two-photon information recording and fluorescent parallel reading is realized. The threshold recording power density for providing a two-photon process was (5.1 ± 0.4) 105 W/cm2.
Empirical data processing technique for studying the influence of technological parameters on tool feed during the final processing of steel and cast-iron workpieces
Authors: Galkin M G , Smagin A S
Published: September 2020

When implementing a multi-variant design of the machining process, one of the important tasks is to select rational technological parameters at the final transitions of the forming process, ensuring the specified quality of surfaces on the finished part made of the appropriate material. When modeling most design procedures at all stages of machining, there are problems associated with algorithmization of the solution method, adequate selection of the regression equation and the range of acceptable solutions at the specified processing stages. In this paper, as an algorithm for solving the problem, we propose the use of a well-known method of rational planning of the experiment, which allows us to obtain a mathematical model of the multi-factor process under study. In the process of implementing this algorithm, based on a priori information, the research object was selected, its factors and the main levels of changes in these factors were determined. The proposed algorithm for obtaining the regression equation for solving problems in the field of machining production can be effectively used in computer-aided design systems for selecting technological parameters in the modes of processing parts with a blade tool, using numerical data from technological reference books and catalogs of cutting tool manufacturers.
Modeling of the influence of technological parameters on surface quality, when processing a polymer material, according to a numerical experiment
Authors: Galkin M G , Smagin A S , Poupyreva A S
Published: September 2020

When designing the machining process, one of the essential tasks is the rational choice of cutting modes for various materials, which guarantee the specified quality of the processed surface while ensuring the performance of the process being implemented. The paper describes an algorithm for implementing a multi-factor experiment of the cutting process with a blade tool and constructing a regression equation based on it that describes the quality of the treated surface on polymer material blanks. To implement the algorithm, it is proposed to use the method of planning a rational experiment, which is convenient for obtaining different mathematical models when studying multi-factor processes. In this context, when modeling the three-factor experiment, the initial data of domestic production of various types of polymer materials were taken into consideration. The developed method can be effectively used in the conditions of operating machine-building enterprises for modeling the roughness of the processed surfaces, through a mechanism for rational selection of processing modes, especially in the absence of relevant reference data, and integrated into existing automated systems created on the basis of General-purpose application software.
Complementary industrial cyber-production
Authors: Shukalov A V , Zharinov I O , Zharinov O O
Published: September 2020

A significant aspect of advanced industrial cyber-production (ICP) in the proposed understanding of the Industry 4.0 concept is complementarity. Complementary ICP is a business-system (BS) of mutually beneficial commercial companies interacting with each other. Companies resort to ensuring the complementary of ICP to improve their business processes with the resources of the BS. The problematic issues and methods of organizing a stably functioning complementary ICP are considered. A promising way to improve complementary ICP is the introduction of adaptive management mechanisms for the supply chains of components in the overall BS. Adaptive supply chain management tools optimize inventory and supply logistics. A scheme of interaction between business entities forming complementary ICP is proposed. Adaptive management and complementary ICP bring to life the ideal business approaches of a virtual factory.
Models for dispatching machine-building divisions
Authors: Bolotov A N , Burdo G B
Published: September 2020

The article deals with an approach to dispatching the work of mechanical processing technological divisions of machine-building single and small-scale multi-product production. Algorithms for dispatching technological processes based on the fuzzy control device are shown. Input and output fuzzy variables are defined and their membership functions are presented. The control algorithm is given in the form of fuzzy rules. An example of the algorithm implementation is shown.
Approaches to standardization in the automatic control of water quality for water supply and wastewater systems
Authors: Sambursky G A
Published: September 2020

Automation of analytical control of the composition and properties of drinking and treated wastewater can be considered in two directions: compliance with quality requirements and optimization of the treatment process. Measuring systems with which it is possible to organize automatic control of the composition of drinking and wastewater allow real-time regulation of the technological processes of water treatment and water purification, as well as providing the required hygienic and environmental control in accordance with the requirements of environmental and sanitary legislation. The article presents approaches to standardization of automatic control systems of pollutants in water, shows the possibilities and some limitations of automatic control systems from the standpoint of standardization, identifies indicators that can be interchangeable for automatic control systems of pollutants in water, and presents methodological approaches to determining the corresponding conversion factors.
Development of a methodology for evaluating the operational properties of elastic elements for various purposes by acoustic emission
Authors: Remshev E Yu , Voinash S A , Kokieva G E , Teterina I A , Sokolova V A , Krivonogova A S , Pushkov Yu L
Published: September 2020

In transport engineering, elastic elements are widely used that work under static, dynamic and cyclic loads. Elastic elements are required to demonstrate specified operational properties within specified limits and for a long time. The most widely used mechanisms are tension, compression and torsion springs with a different profile and made from various materials. The main operational properties of elastic elements are strength, relaxation resistance and elastic characteristics. The existing methodology for assessing the relaxation resistance of elastic elements consists of building a relaxation curve using the results of measurements of the force before and after cyclic loads. This technique has the following disadvantages: the relaxation resistance of a sample batch of elastic elements is assessed; and the control implementation is associated with a significant complexity and high energy costs. To assess the most important indicators of reliability and durability, as well as relaxation resistance for a long period of operation, non-destructive testing methods, including the acoustic emission method, are of interest. Existing techniques are highly complex and do not always guarantee a good result. We propose to use a technique based on the registration of acoustic emission signals.
Analysis of the uniformity of the distribution of herbicides in the intercustal zone with a bar with a deviating section
Authors: Manaenkov K A , Khatuntsev V V , Gordeev A S , Korotkov A A , Gorshenin V I
Published: September 2020

It is known that a large share of the costs in perennial plantings of fruit and berry crops is associated with weed control. In the ranks of plants, chemical methods of weed control using herbicidal rods are used. In recent years, requirements for uniform distribution of herbicides on the treated surface have increased. The article analyzes the accuracy of the dosage of herbicides in the intercustal zone with a bar with a deviating section. The movement of the rod in the horizontal plane and the spill of liquid along its length is considered. The volume of the poured liquid, the area of the wetted surface, the amount of liquid per unit area are determined. It was established that the dose of application of herbicides over the area depends on the speed of the bar, the angle of its inclination to the direction of movement and the specific spill of the liquid along the length. It is shown that the more the rod deviates from its initial position and the closer it is to the row line, the greater the spout of the solution per unit area with respect to a given one. Dependencies are obtained that allow one to compare the doses of the application of the working solution of the herbicide on the treated surface before the bar meets the cultivated plant and when it is bypassed. The paper shows the data of calculation of the spill of the working fluid at a specific point of the rod. It was revealed that during the processing of the inter-brush strip in one pass with the half-line deviating section of the row line overlapping, the excess of the given outflow dose can reach 20 times. To process the inter-bush zones of perennial plantations, it is recommended to stack the herbicidal booms with short deflecting sections up to the row axis, providing compensation for inaccuracies in driving and planting trees in a row, and processing the row in two adjacent passes.
Methodology of research and testing of internal combustion engines
Authors: Likhanov V A , Lopatin O P
Published: September 2020

Continuous improvement of the design and parameters of engines is possible only with a thorough study of the processes occurring in them. The development of engine theory is also not possible without setting up increasingly complex, precise, and sometimes unique experiments and research. Research and testing of diesels is one of the main means of checking the quality of manufacturing parts and Assembly units, components and the engine as a whole, the correctness of its installation, compliance of the main characteristics of the diesel engine with the requirements of technical documentation. Putting diesel into production is preceded by a number of stages for the development of normative and technical documentation, including design, technological, as well as for the production, research and testing of the main and subsequent samples. Development and commissioning of diesel engines for production and types of their tests are regulated by state standards, which establish the procedure for acceptance and requirements for the technical level of diesels. After acceptance and commissioning of engines for production, the improvement of their designs and technical and economic indicators does not stop. In this regard, the diesel engine must pass certain types of tests that are standardized in terms of terminology and definition of basic concepts.
Automatic cold edit control system of non-rigid shafts
Authors: Drachev O I , Gorshkov B M , Samokhina N S
Published: September 2020

The article proposes a method for improving the quality of cold straightening of non-rigid shafts. The essence of the solution is to change the sequence of traditional technological operations by introducing dynamic straightening of the workpiece with subsequent application of a given depth of the deformed layer, immediately before roughing and finishing, and after them, in addition, in the process of roughing and finishing, the depth and nature of stresses are preserved. due to the exclusion and redistribution of surface stresses arising directly in the process of machining non-rigid parts, taking into account the changing dynamic characteristics of the cutting process itself. A complex functional diagram of the automatic control system has been developed. The results of straightening a non-rigid shaft, without a system and using automatic control, are presented. Decrease of processing error by 2..3 times is shown.
Assessment of the level of digital transformation of fields of activity and industries
Authors: Yurieva A A , Morkovkin D E , Gibadullin A A , Osipova I V , Karamova O V , Hutarava I I
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to the issues of assessing the level of digital transformation of fields of activity and industries. The paper analyzed the trends of digital transformation and the direction of this transformation. The studied indicators indicate that the regions of the country plan to develop digital, information, communication and innovative technologies in all fields of activity and industries. It was revealed that in the regions mainly different programs for innovative and digital development are being implemented; however, they have a single state trajectory. The study proposed a model of digital transformation of fields of activity and industries, the implementation of which should be carried out according to common requirements, and among the stages were highlighted the assessment of digital development, development of digitalization plans and assessment of the effects of digitalization. At the end of the study, conclusions were drawn from the results of the work.
Research of the transient processes for discrete control systems
Authors: Kassimova B R , Sadvakassova A U , Sansyzbay L Zh
Published: September 2020

The dynamic characteristics of discrete systems, as in the theory of continuous systems, include transfer functions, time (impulse, transient) and frequency characteristics. When determining time characteristics, a single discrete impulse and a single discrete function are used as typical signals. The transient characteristic of a linear discrete system is the response to the single discrete function under zero initial conditions. The study of discrete systems begins with an assessment of their fundamental operability, that is, stability. The stability of continuous linear systems is determined by the behavior of the transient component of the general solution of a homogeneous differential equation of the system under study. Similarly, the problem is solved for discrete systems described by linear difference equations. A discrete system is called stable if the transient process tends to zero over time. The analysis of the discrete control system on the stability and accuracy of the transient process is conducted. Conclusion: in a discrete system stability, accuracy and control quality depend on the parameters of the gain system and the time.