bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biodegradation Testing of Bitumen
Authors: Barletta R. E. , Bowerman B. S. , Davis R. E. , Shea C. E.
Published: June 2019

An estimate of the rate of biodegradation of bituminous material is necessary to predict the long-term stability of low- and intermediate- level waste solidified using bitumen. Data from a series of scoping experiments have been analyzed to determine the rate of degradation of blown bitumen samples under a variety of conditions. Among the variables investigated were the effect of soil type, moisture, sample surface area and microbial strain. The rate of degradation was measured by monitoring metabolic CO2release. Using this data it was found that, for degradation in soil, a mean rate of 5.5 × 10−4 cm/yr represented all data to within a factor of about two. This mean rate is nearly that for distilled bitumen samples measured by other workers.
Waste Glass Leaching: Chemistry and Kinetics
Authors: Bunker Bruce C.
Published: June 2019

Nuclear waste glass leaching has been studied extensively during the past ten years. Although much has been learned concerning the kinetics and mechanisms of glass dissolution, it does not appear that accurate predictions can yet be made concerning the release kinetics for specific elements from a given glass as a function of environmental conditions. In order to reliably predict elemental release rates, one needs to know: 1) how a given element is incorporated into the glass structure, 2) how specific sites in the glass react with water, 3) how the composition and reactivity of the leachate influence glass reactivity, 4) how the structure and reactivity of the glass changes in surface alteration layers, and 5) how glass dissolution modifies the chemistry of the leachate. At our current level of understanding, we are only able to make qualitative predictions concerning each of the above factors which allow us to make “order of magnitude” or “upper limit” predictions for radionuclide release rates.
Diffusion Mecflanisms of Srrontium and Cesium in Compacrtd Sodium Bentonite
Authors: Muurinen Armo , Penitä-Hiltunen Pirkkd , Rantanen Juba
Published: June 2019

In this research the diffusion of strontium and cesium through bento- nite slabs in stationary state has been measured. The measurement gives directly the transport through the sample and the corresponding effective diffusivity. The apparent diffusivity, diffusivity of the sorbed ions as well as the sorption factors can also be evaluated on the basis of the same diffusion measurement. The sorption on the coxmpacted bentonite has also been measured in a special sorption test where a radioactive tracer has been allowed to diffuse into compacted bentonite until equilibrium was reached.

The measured effective diffusivities were clearly higher than they would be in the case of pure pore diffusion. The effective diffusivities also increase with K and the apparent diffusivities are almost independent on KD. This supports the theory that also the sorbed ions diffuse in their own phase. The sorption factors of the compacted bentonite correspond to the values of the batch experiments.
Advanced Resonant-Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Studying Anisotropic Elastic Constants of Thin Films
Authors: Ogi Hirotsugu , Nakamura Nobutomo , Tanei Hiroshi , Hirao Masahiko
Published: June 2019

This paper presents two advanced acoustic methods for the determination of anisotropic elastic constants of deposited thin films. They are resonant-ultrasound spectroscopy with laser-Doppler interferometry (RUS/Laser method) and picosecond-laser ultrasound method. Deposited thin films usually exhibit elastic anisotropy between the film-growth direction and an in-plane direction, and they show five independent elastic constants denoted by C11,C33,C44,C66 and C13 when the x3 axis is set along the film-thickness direction. The former method determines four moduli except C44, the out-of-plane shear modulus, through free-vibration resonance frequencies of the film/substrate specimen. This method is applicable to thin films thicker than about 200 nm. The latter determines C33, the out-of-plane modulus, accurately bymeasuring the round-trip time of the longitudinal wave traveling along the film-thickness direction. This method is applicable to thin films thicker than about 20 nm. Thus, combination of these two methods allows us to discuss the elastic anisotropy of thin films. The results for Co/Pt superlattice thin film and copper thin film are presented.
Intrinsic stress and alloying effect in Mo/Ni superlattices: a comparison between ion beam sputtering and thermal evaporation
Authors: Debelle A. , Abadias G. , Michel A. , Jaouen C. , Guérin Ph. , Marteau M. , Drouet M.
Published: June 2019

Epitaxial Mo(110)/Ni(111) superlattices were grown on (1120) single-crystal sapphiresubstrates, by ion beam sputtering (IBS) and thermal evaporation (TE), in order to investigate the role of deposited energy on the interfacial mixing process observed in Mo sublayers. To separate intermixing and growth stress contributions, a careful and detailed characterization of the stress/strain state of both samples was performed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Non-equal biaxial coherency stresses are observed in both samples. For the IBS specimen, an additional source of stress, of hydrostatic type, due to growth-induced point defects, is present, resulting in a triaxial stress state. The use of ion irradiation to achieve a controlled stress relaxation can provide additional data and, as shown elsewhere, allows to obtain the stress-free lattice parameter a0 solely linked to chemical effects. For the TE sample, a standard biaxial analysis gives a0. In both samples, the a0 value is lower than the bulk lattice parameter, due to the presence of intermixed Mo(Ni) layers. However, the intermixing is larger in the sputtered Mo sublayers than in the thermal evaporated ones, putting forward the prime role of energy and/or momentum transfer occurring during energetic bombardment.
Practical Work of Adhesion of Polymer Coatings Studied by Laser Induced Delamination
Authors: Fedorov A. , Hosson J. Th. M. De , Tijum R. van , Vellinga W.-P.
Published: June 2019

Laser Induced Delamination is a novel technique aimed at measuring the practical work of adhesion of thin polymer coatings on metal substrates. In this technique a laser pulse is used to create initial blisters which initiate further delamination of the film under the blister pressure. A simple elastic model is developed to describe the formation of the blisters. The model predicts the values for the blister height and pressure, which are in fair agreement with the experimental results. In order to account for possible plastic deformations, simulations using a finite element model with a mixed mode cohesive zone were carried out. The calculated stress fields are in agreement with those predicted by the elastic model suggesting that the contribution of plastic deformation to the measured work of fracture is rather limited.

Measurements are carried out on a number of samples, presenting ECCS steel substrate covered with 35 μm thick polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film. The tensile stresses created in the film at the interface required for delamination are estimated at 7-8 MPa, which corresponds to the practical work of adhesion G = (0.6± 0.1) J/m2.
Strain Relaxation in Si1-xGex Thin Films on Si (100) Substrates: Modeling and Comparisons with Experiments
Authors: Kolluri Kedarnath , Zepeda-Ruiz Luis A. , Murthy Cheruvu S. , Maroudas Dimitrios
Published: June 2019

Strained semiconductor thin films grown epitaxially on semiconductor substrates of different composition, such as Si1-xGex/Si, are becoming increasingly important in modern microelectronic technologies. In this paper, we report a hierarchical computational approach for analysis of dislocation formation, glide motion, multiplication, and annihilation in Si1-xGex epitaxial thin films on Si substrates. Specifically, a condition is developed for determining the critical film thickness with respect to misfit dislocation generation as a function of overall film composition, film compositional grading, and (compliant) substrate thickness. In addition, the kinetics of strain relaxation in the epitaxial film during growth or thermal annealing (including post-implantation annealing) is analyzed using a properly parameterized dislocation mean-field theoretical model, which describes plastic deformation dynamics due to threading dislocation propagation. The theoretical results for Si1-xGex epitaxial thin films grown on Si (100) substrates are compared with experimental measurements and are used to discuss film growth and thermal processing protocols toward optimizing the mechanical response of the epitaxial film.
An Investigation of Film Thickness Effect on Mechanical Properties of Au Films Using Nanoindentation Techniques
Authors: Cao Yifang , Zong Zong , Soboyejo Wole
Published: June 2019

This paper presents the results of nanoindentation experimental studies of Au thin films with different thicknesses. The effects of film thickness and microstructure on the hardnesses of electron-beam deposited Au films were studied in terms of Hall-Petch relationship. The effects of different thicknesses on indentation size effects (ISE) are explained within the framework of mechanism-based strain gradient (MSG) theory using the concept of microstructural length scale.
A New Dislocation-Dynamics Model and Its Application in Thin Film-Substrate Systems
Authors: Tan E.H. , Sun L.Z.
Published: June 2019

Based on the physical background, a new dislocation dynamics model fully incorporating the interaction among differential dislocation segments is developed to simulate 3D dislocation motion in crystals. As the numerical simulation results demonstrate, this new model completely solves the long-standing problem that simulation results are heavily dependent on dislocation-segment lengths in the classical dislocation dynamics theory. The proposed model is applied to simulate the effect of dislocations on the mechanical performance of thin films. The interactions among the dislocation loops, free surface and interfaces are rigorously computed by a decomposition method. This framework can be used to simulate how a surface loop evolves into two threading dislocations and to determine the critical thickness of thin films. Furthermore, the relationship between the film thickness and yield strength is established and compared with the conventional Hall-Petch relation.
Diode Pumped 2-μm Lasers Using Tm,Ho Codoped YLF, LuLF, LuAG and GdVO4 Crystals
Authors: Asai Kazuhiro , Sato Atsushi , Mizutani Kohei
Published: June 2019

Tm, Ho codoped YLF, LuLF,and LuAG and GdVO4 crystals are very attractive for diode pumped 2-μm lasers. A comparison study of laser performance was made using a diode-pumped, quasi-end-pump scheme at various pulse repetition frequencies and temperatures. At 5 Hz and at an operating temperature of 300 K, normal mode laser output energies of 15.7 mJ (YLF) with a slope efficiency of 7.3%, 26.8mJ (LuLF) with that of 12.6% and 20.0 mJ (LuAG) with that of 10.8% were achieved using 5%Tm and 0.5%Ho, respectively. A Tm,Ho:GdVO4 laser was also investigated. It was found, in the case of GdVO4, that optimum Tm and Ho dopant concentrations were slightly lower than those for garnet and fluoride crystals. Using a 3% Tm,0.3% Ho:GdVO4 crystal, an output energy of 31.2 mJ with a slope efficiency of 14.5% was obtained in normal mode operation at room temperature.
Chip-Scale, High Power Microstructure Fiber Laser
Authors: Peyghambarian Nasser , Schülzgen Axel , Mansuripur Masud , Moloney Jerome V. , Qiu Tiequn , Kaneda Yushi , Polynkin Pavel , Li Li , Wu Jianfeng , Polynkin Alex , Temyanko Valery L. , Mafi Arash , Jiang Shibin , Spiegelberg Christine , Chavez Arturo , Geng Jihong , Luo Tao
Published: June 2019

Compact, robust, high power fiber lasers have been demonstrated. In fiber lasers of only a few cm length we obtained up to 10 W of cw output power, diffraction limited beam profiles at 4 W cw operation, 1.6 W output with single frequency operation, and more than 150 mW output with a spectral linewidth of a few kHz. The potential of active microstructured fibers for further improvements in fiber laser performance has been shown. We also demonstrated Q-switching and mode-locking of these compact fiber lasers.
Lidar Remote Sensing Applications: Ready and Waiting
Authors: Hahn John F.
Published: June 2019

In this note, lidar materials, ready and waiting, will be discussed. Most lidar applications depend upon “Ready” materials, conventional materials that are part of a design solution to the application. Lidar systems already operating and serving the needs of communities in atmospheric, earth and planetary sciences, include airborne terrain mapping, airborne bathymetric mapping, ground-based imaging rangefinding and ceilometry are included in this category. Even in space application, “Ready” spaceborne applications include orbital rendezvous and docking, precision landing/hazard avoidance and Martian atmospheric evaluation. Other applications, however, have particular materials needs and constitute “Waiting” systems. These include in particular spaceborne differential absorption lidar (DIAL) for the measurement of important trace species such as ozone and water vapor in the Earth's atmosphere (ORACLE, WALES). An evaluation of critical issues facing mission-enabling lidar materials development will be presented, based upon Optech Incorporated's direct experience in these areas.
Lower bound of performance index of anti-sway control of a pendulum using on-off damping radial spring-damper
Authors: Viet La Duc , Kien Nguyen Trong
Published: June 2019

An on-off damping radial spring-damper can be attached to a pendulum to suppress its nonlinear sway motion. This paper studies the class of on-off damping controller, which switches the damping level from high to low and back at fixed times every quarter of period. Among this class, this paper shows the solution of the lower bound controller producing the lowest amplitude-frequency curve. The lower bound curve shows some fundamental natures of the system and gives some useful directions for a good on-off damping controller.
EPINIKIA: Celebrating Roman Victory in the Eastern Provinces of the Empire*
Authors: Blanco-Pérez
Published: June 2019

Across the eastern Mediterranean only a limited number of inscriptions, coins and papyri attest the term ἐπιν(ε)ίκια bestowed on local festivities. My paper studies for the first time the genesis and evolution of a particular title that could be presented as a sign of loyalty and friendship towards Roman rule. Through an analysis of mostly direct evidence, I aim to provide the perspective of certain local communities which, while subjected to Rome, remarkably strove to celebrate its victories. This bottom-up approach also seeks to show the importance of reciprocity in the constant diplomatic exchange between emperors, administrators and eastern provincials.
Integrating suitability for teaching into an electronic health record - A novel and versatile tool for medical education
Authors: Singh Himanshu , Thomson Yvonne , Paladugu Madhavi , Wood Nick , Woywodt Alexander
Published: June 2019

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. The educational literature has noted the implications of electronic health records (EHR) for patient care and discussed various implications for the learner-teacher relationship but it has so far not viewed EHR as an educational tool. We wondered whether one could use EHR to facilitate undergraduate medical students' exposure to hospital in-patients with an interesting history or findings on clinical examination. As clinicians, we encounter such patients on a regular basis during ward rounds and referrals but students are often absent during these encounters, leading to a loss of learning opportunities. Our aim was therefore to harness the EHR and create an electronic "flag" that would, following verbal consent, document suitable inpatients and thus maximise the students' exposure to interesting findings on clinical examination. With help from our IT department we developed a simple add on to our existing EHR that allows any clinician to electronically highlight and document such patients during inpatient encounters. A member of the educational faculty can, whenever required, interrogate the EHR for the presence of inpatients with interesting findings on examination in the hospital and facilitate contact with our medical students. We report details of our approach, describe early experience and potential pitfalls and suggest future applications.
The study of solar absorption air-conditioning systems
Authors: Mittal V , Kasana KS , Thakur NS
Published: June 2019

An air-conditioning system utilizing solar energy would generally be more efficient, cost wise, if it was used to provide both heating and cooling requirements in the building it serves. Various solar powered heating systems have been tested extensively, but solar powered air conditioning systems have received very little attention. Solar powered absorption cooling systems can serve both heating and cooling requirements in the building it serves. Many researchers have studied the solar absorption air conditioning system in order to make it economically and technically viable. But still, much more research in this area is needed. This paper will help many researchers working in this area and provide them with fundamental knowledge on absorption systems, and a detailed review on the past efforts in the field of solar absorption cooling systems with the absorption pair of lithium-bromide and water. This knowledge will help them to start the parametric study in order to investigate the influence of key parameters on the overall system performance.
Bagasse-based co-generation at Hippo Valley Estates sugar factory in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mtunzi Busiso , Mampwheli Tshengedzeni , Meyer Edson , Mungwena Wilson
Published: June 2019

The paper reports on the assessment of the use of bagasse for cogeneration purposes at Hippo Valley Estates (HVE), a sugar manufacturing company in Zimbabwe. Much emphasis was on an assessment of the quantity of energy that was lost due to inefficient combustion of bagasse and the use of steam that was generated. The study investigated the quantity of sugar cane processed and the possible corresponding steam produced; the sugarcane processed was found to be approximately 2.33 million tons per annum and the steam produced was 193.1 tons per hour. The steam was used in the process department as well as to drive mills. The excess steam generated was found to be 81.03 tons per hour. Economic analysis on the use of excess steam to produce extra power for sale to the utility company was also undertaken. It was established that the power plant for the company could generate an annual surplus of US2.8Million as revenue, and the payback period was found to be 3.3 years. The sensitivity analysis of the project indicated that the electricity prices as well as the energy produced were the most sensitive areas in the project. The other inputs such as operations and maintenance costs, interest, capital investment and number of years were not as sensitive as the price and the energy.
Operational evaluation of the performance of a solar powered absorption system in Pretoria
Authors: Bvumbe Tatenda J. , Inambao Freddie L.
Published: June 2019

A 35kW pilot solar powered absorption cooling system was designed and constructed at Moot Hospital in Pretoria to investigate the technical and economic performance of the technology. Technically, the system produced an estimated 43.938MWh of cooling energy per year and reached a maximum power of 31kW and operated with an average COP of 0.63, which compares favourably with the 0.7 given by the manufacturer. This system has since been decommissioned. Unfortunately, due to a lack of standard design and operation information, the system was overdesigned. As a result, the economic performance of this technology could not be accurately determined.
Critical factors to be considered when planning the implementation of environmental improvements and energy saving
Authors: Dos Santos Juliane Barbosa , Jabbour Charbel José Chiappetta
Published: June 2019

To identify the critical success factors in the adoption of energy efficiency actions in Brazilian hospitals and describe their behaviour are the objectives of this paper. In order to achieve these goals, a literature review was performed on green management and energy efficiency. This was the basis to define the questions of the interview script applied to two hospitals located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The interview script application was complemented by secondary data and direct observation. The results showed that: a) the studied hospitals are embracing environmental management actions more often and, whenever possible, energy efficiency actions are taken as well; and b) in the cases analysed top management support, commitment with the environment, green process design and employee empowerment were some of the most relevant critical success factors to the accomplishment of energy efficiency actions. These findings may be of interest to emerging countries, including BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa).
Dirt analysis on the performance of an engine cooling system
Authors: Singh Yashvir , Singh Nishant Kr.
Published: June 2019

This present work looked at the effect of sand blocking the heat transfer area of the radiator and its effect on the engine coolant through the conduct of experiments and a mathematical model developed. The results indicated that the percentage area covered resulted in a proportional increase of the inlet and outlet temperatures of the coolant in the radiator. The mathematically model developed also predicted the experimental data very well. Regression analysis pointed out that every 10% increase area of the radiator covered with silt soil resulted in an increase of about 1.7oC of the outlet temperature of the radiator coolant. Similarly, using mud as a cover material, 10% of the area covered of the radiator resulted in an increase of about 2oC of the outlet temperature of the radiator coolant. Statistical analysis pointed to the fact that the result obtained for mud, silt and the mathematical model were not significantly different. Thus, irrespective of the type of material that blocks the radiator surface area, the coolant rises proportional of the radiator covered.
System and component modelling of a low temperature solar thermal energy conversion cycle
Authors: Situmbeko Shadreck M. , Inambao Freddie L.
Published: June 2019

Solar thermal energy (STE) technology refers to the conversion of solar energy to readily usable energy forms. The most important component of a STE technology is the collectors; these absorb the shorter wavelength solar energy (400-700nm) and convert it into usable, longer wavelength (about 10 times as long) heat energy. Depending on the quality (temperature and intensity) of the resulting thermal energy, further conversions to other energy forms such as electrical power may follow. Currently some high temperature STE technologies for electricity production have attained technical maturity; technologies such as parabolic dish (commercially available), parabolic trough and power tower are only hindered by unfavourable market factors including high maintenance and operating costs. Low temperature STEs have so far been restricted to water and space heating; however, owing to their lower running costs and almost maintenance free operation, although operating at lower efficiencies, may hold a key to future wider usage of solar energy. Low temperature STE conversion technology typically uses flat plate and low concentrating collectors such as parabolic troughs to harness solar energy for conversion to mechanical and/or electrical energy. These collector systems are relatively cheaper, simpler in construction and easier to operate due to the absence of complex solar tracking equipment. Low temperature STEs operate within temperatures ranges below 300oC. This research work is geared towards developing feasible low temperature STE conversion technology for electrical power generation. Preliminary small-scale concept plants have been designed at 500Wp and 10KWp. Mathematical models of the plant systems have been developed and simulated on the EES (Engineering Equation Solver) platform. Fourteen candidate working fluids and three cycle configurations have been analysed with the models. The analyses included a logic model selector through which an optimal conversion cycle configuration and working fluid mix was established. This was followed by detailed plant component modelling; the detailed component model for the solar field was completed and was based on 2-dimensional segmented thermal network, heat transfer and thermo fluid dynamics analyses. Input data such as solar insolation, ambient temperature and wind speed were obtained from the national meteorology databases. Detailed models of the other cycle components are to follow in next stage of the research. This paper presents findings of the system and solar field component.
Driving Habits of Older Adults
Authors: Bhattacharya Shelley , Diaz Kristina
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND: The older adult population is the fastest growing cohort in Kansas, resulting in a growing number of older drivers. With age, changes in the ability to drive can compromise safety. Although it is challenging for health care providers to identify unsafe older drivers, it would be helpful to know what common driving habits they share. This exploratory study evaluated differences in the self-reported driving behaviors of older drivers in urban and rural settings of Kansas. METHODS: A one-page, 19-item survey was administered to patients over age 65 in the waiting rooms of two physician medical offices in urban Kansas City and rural Junction City, Kansas. RESULTS: A total of 105 surveys were completed. Rural drivers reported they were involved in approximately 9% more accidents than the urban drivers (p = 0.166). Rural drivers were more likely to drive in poor weather conditions, such as snow, ice, fog, and rain (p = 0.032). Eyeglasses were worn by 10% of the rural cohort compared to 37.8% of the urban cohort (p = 0.0044). More urban drivers reported they did not want to make changes to their current driving habits (71% vs 40%; p = 0.004). Urban drivers drove a longer distance to reach their destinations. Drivers from both environments avoided unfamiliar roads and did not use cell phones or global positioning system (GPS) devices while driving. CONCLUSIONS: By understanding the habits of older drivers, healthcare providers can tailor safe driving messages to support safe driving and enhance patient safety. Physicians could benefit from knowing that older rural drivers wore their glasses less frequently, trended towards having more accidents, and were more prone to drive during inclement weather. Urban Kansas drivers drove further to get to their destinations than their rural Kansas counterparts. Understanding these driving habits and tailoring their prevention messages accordingly may help health care providers in Kansas improve older patient’s safe driving behaviors.
Treatment of Snake Bites at a Regional Burn Center
Authors: Yu Gie N , Helmer Stephen D , Khandelwal Anjay K
Published: June 2019

Background. Although uncommon, snakebites can cause significant morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to review the characteristics, treatment, and outcome of patients with a suspected or known snakebite who were treated at a regional verified burn center. Methods. A retrospective chart review of all snakebite victims was conducted for the time frame between January 1991 and June 2009. Results. During the study period, 12 patients were identified. One of the twelve patients was excluded because he had been admitted as an outpatient for wound debridement after being initially treated at another facility. Ten of the remaining 11 patients were male (90.9%). Rattlesnakes were responsible for the majority of bites. One of the eleven patients needed a fasciotomy. The majority of patients received antivenin (ACP/fabAV). No anaphylactoid reactions to either antivenin were recorded. There were no deaths. Conclusion. With burn centers evolving into centers for the care of complex wounds, patients with snakebite injuries can be managed safely in a burn center.
A Survey Assessing Kansas Physician Assistants' Attitudes/Beliefs and Current Practices Regarding Implementation of Fall Prevention Strategies in Older Adults
Authors: Hale LaDonna S. , Fraser Shelton J. , Keuter Kayla R. , Lee Felecia A. , Berg Gina M.
Published: June 2019

Background. Falls are the leading cause of injury death, nursing home placement, and hospital trauma admissions in older adults. Although guidelines to reduce falls have been available for over a decade, routine implementation by healthcare providers is less than optimal. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the attitudes/beliefs and current practices of Kansas physician assistants (PAs) regarding fall assessment/prevention strategies in older adults and barriers to implementing strategies into daily practice. Methods. A 67-item survey was mailed to all 760 Kansas PAs in 2009; 152 responded. Logistic regressions were performed on current fall prevention practices (exercise, home safety, medications, and vision) to determine attitudes, beliefs, and barriers associated with implementation. Results. Most PAs believe falls are preventable (87%) and implementation of various prevention strategies are their professional responsibility (88% - 96%); yet, less than 50% routinely implement them. Barriers included lack of time (27%), lack of staff (26%), and feeling ill-prepared (18%). Multiple logistic regressions revealed correlations among implementing the medication review strategy and lack of time as well as practicing the exercise strategy and lack of time and awareness of local exercise programs. Conclusions. PAs are aware of the importance of fall prevention, believe falls are preventable, and believe it is their professional responsibility to implement fall prevention strategies with their older adult patients. However, most do not implement strategies in their practice due to a variety of internal and logistical barriers. Fall prevention materials/tools that are practical, simple, inexpensive, and require little implementation time may overcome barriers.
Efficacy of a Lifestyle Program Designed to Help Indigent, Obese Adult Patients Lose Weight
Authors: Duggins Maurice L. , Lewis Douglas P. , Harvey Anne T.
Published: June 2019

Introduction. Modest weight loss (5 to 7%) reduced the incidenceof type II diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DDP) trial.A DPP-inspired lifestyle intervention requiring minimal patientself-data collection and tailored to low-SES patients throughminimal cost was developed for our indigent, obese patients.

Methods. Obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), indigent (≤ 200% FederalPoverty Level) adults (age 18 - 70) were offered a nocostweight loss intervention as an adjunct to their usual primarycare in a residency outpatient clinic. The interventionprovided options for diet plans and social support. The goalwas to achieve a 5% loss of body weight over six months.

Results. The sample (n = 158) was 86% female and 62% white,with a median age of 45 and median BMI of 40.9. Two-thirds ofsubjects chose the 50% diet; YMCA membership was selected byall but one. The 5% weight loss goal was met by 12.8%; another8.7% gained that amount. Subjects who either had pre-existingYMCA membership or used their provided membership weresuccessful, relative to those who received but never used theirmembership (0.6% loss vs 0.9% gain; p < 0.05). Changes in weightover six months were observed in the youngest (gain of 3.9 lbs.,p < 0.05) and the oldest (loss of 4.0 lbs., p < 0.05) age quartiles.

Conclusions. A DPP-inspired lifestyle intervention tailoredto low-SES patients did not lead to overall weight loss, reinforcingthat weight reduction programs must provide a significantamount of support for participants to see success.Older age and a behavioral commitment to physical activityimproved the likelihood of success. KS J Med 2016;9(4):83-87.
Promoción de un destino turístico a través de las redes sociales: el caso de A Coruña en Facebook
Authors: Sánchez Amboage Eva
Published: June 2019

Tal como en la década de los 90 comentaba Nicholas Negroponte, en su obra El Mundo Digital, la tecnología, unida a la ciencia, han producido en los últimos decenios un cambio claramente perceptible en nuestra forma de vivir y de entender la realidad.  El mundo real en el que vivimos va abriendo camino a un nuevo y atractivo mundo virtual y digital que se adapta rápidamente, a las necesidades de la sociedad. Tanto es así, que hoy en día tener un perfil en Internet, hablar o intercambiar fotografías a través de la red son acciones totalmente comunes y cotidianas. Las redes sociales virtuales han realizado una progresión sorprendente y lo que en un principio parecía un lugar solo para relaciones personales se ha ido extendiendo por otros campos hasta llegar al comercial. De pronto redes sociales virtuales como Facebook, Tuenti, MySpace, etc. se convierten en grandes y accesibles portales de publicidad y promoción de distintos productos.  Entre estos, el turismo también tiene su lugar. El presente trabajo pretende demostrar este hecho, a través del análisis de la presencia de una ciudad como A Coruña en Facebook.
Assessing the changes in soil properties and possible ground water pollution with application of primary treated distillery spentwash
Authors: Suma R.
Published: June 2019

The present study deals with pollen morphology of fifteen species of Commelinaceae belonging to three genera: Commelina (6 species), Cyanotis (7 species) and Murdannia (2 species), collected from different localities in Andhra Pradesh, India. Species have shown diversity in size, shape and ornamentation, but all share a common feature; heteropolar and monosulcate apertural nature. While all the six species of Commelina have echinate ornamentation, four of them with prolate shape and two others have spheroidal shape. Seven species of Cyanotis have granular ornamentation and prolate in shape, except Cyanotis axillaris which is perprolate. Both the species of Murdannia have granular ornamentation; but differ in shape: prolate in M. nodiflora and perprolate in M. nimmoniana. These observations are of immense value in taxonomical, melissopalynological and aeropalynological studies.
La giustizia distributiva tra Platone e Aristotele = Distributive Justice in Plato and Aristotle
Authors: Knoll Manuel
Published: June 2019

Riassunto: Secondo l’opinione prevalente tra gli studiosi di lingua tedesca, bisogna considerare Aristotele come colui che ha “scoperto” la giustizia particolare. Questo articolo dimostra che quest’opinione è errata, innanzitutto perché Platone aveva già precedentemente sviluppato, nella Repubblica e nelle Leggi, la dottrina della giustizia distributiva e il suo principio di uguaglianza geometrica o proporzionale. In un primo momento, l’articolo interpreta la dottrina della giustizia distributiva esposta da Aristotele nell’Etica Nicomachea e nella Politica. In un secondo momento, si mostra che i principali elementi di questa dottrina erano già stati sviluppati da Platone nelle Leggi. Infine, l’articolo offre un’interpretazione innovativa del concetto di giustizia presentato da Platone nella Repubblica.Parole chiave: Platone, Aristotele, giustizia distributiva, Repubblica, Leggi.Abstract: According to the prevailing opinion in German-speaking research, Aristotle is to be understood as the “discoverer” of particular justice. This article demonstrates that this view is incorrect, especially as Plato developed the doctrine of distributive justice and its principle of geometrical or proportional equality already previously in the Republic and the Laws. In a first step, this article interprets the doctrine of distributive justice that Aristotle lays out in the Nicomachean Ethics and the Politics. In a second step, it shows that the main elements of this doctrine have already been developed by Plato in the Laws. In a final step the article offers an innovative interpretation of the concept of justice that Plato presents in the Republic.Keywords: Plato, Aristotle, Distributive justice, Republic, Laws.
Storia di un antifascista siciliano, professore di lingue classiche: Carmelo Salanitro (Adrano, 1894 – Mauthausen, 1945) = History of a Sicilian antifascist, professor of classics: Carmelo Salanitro (Adrano, 1894 – Mauthausen, 1945)
Authors: Gianotti Gian Franco
Published: June 2019

Resumen: Basado en el análisis de un libro reciente (Pietro Scalisi, L’onore e la viltà. In Memoria di Carmelo Salanitro Martire del Libero Pensiero, 2016), el artículo recorre la vida y el legado de Carmelo Salanitro, un antifascista siciliano condenado por la dictadura italiana y muerto en un campo de exterminio alemán. En la biografía de Salanitro se destaca el estrecho vínculo entre los estudios clásicos, la enseñanza de latín y griego y la búsqueda de la libertad: una relación ejemplar en la historia europea de la primera mitad del siglo XX.Palabras clave: Carmelo Salanitro, antifascismo, Segunda Guerra Mundial, idiomas clásicos, escuela italiana.Abstract: Based on a recent book (Pietro Scalisi, L’onore e la viltà. In Memoria di Carmelo Salanitro Martire del Libero Pensiero, 2016), the article traces the life and the witness of freedom of Carmelo Salanitro, a Sicilian anti-fascist condemned by the Italian dictatorship and died in a German extermination camp. In the biography of Salanitro stands out the close link between classical studies, teaching of Latin and Greek and the pursuit of freedom: an exemplary relationship in the European history of the first half of the 20th century.Keywords: Carmelo Salanitro, Anti-fascism, Second World War, Classical languages, Italian school.
Stefano Casarino, Amedeo Alessandro Raschieri (eds.), Ritorno ad Aristotele, Aracne editrice (“Mnemata” 4), Roma 2017, pp. 281, ISBN 978-88-2550-830-7
Authors: Callipo Manuela
Published: June 2019

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Mantovani, Dario. Les Juristes Écrivains de la Rome Antique. Les ouvres des juristes comme littérature. Paris: Collège de France-Les Belles Lettres, 2018, 358 pp. ISBN 978-2-251-44813-8
Authors: Rodríguez González Ana María
Published: June 2019

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Non-support for trainability of teammate recognition based on movement perception?
Authors: Steel Kylie Ann
Published: June 2019

Accurate decisions are essential for successful performance in visually and temporally constrained sports environments such as water-polo. Visual cues (uniform and facial) can be obscured by other factors such as splash, or partial submersion, thus leading to misclassification of others as teammates and lost scoring affordances. Research suggests that similar to land gait recognition, swimming gait is also distinguishable from temporally occluded visual stimuli, thus allowing teammate recognition. This research demonstrates that while individuals have good perceptual ability it is rarely performed at a 100% rate. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess whether teammate recognition accuracy can be enhanced using a video-based training paradigm and, which factors affect this ability. N=12 females (Mage = 18.75yrs ± 2.5) completed a two-week video training intervention. Statistical analysis demonstrated that participant’s performance didn't change significantly after training (kick: p=0.814; stroke: p=0.939), nor was their ability dependant on experience in water-polo (kick: p=0.141; stroke: p= 0.169), skill level (kick: p=0.715; stroke: p=0.287), or training adherence (kick; p=0.536; stroke p=0.797). While some research suggests that recognition based on biological motion is trainable it was not corroborated in this study and thus requires further investigation as to the mechanisms that contribute to improvement.
Exercise and pharmacological treatment: influence on locomotor activity in SHR rats
Authors: Dos Santos Nádia Esteves , Coelho Camila Aparecida Sansão , De Morais Milca Abda , Franco Beatriz da Silva , Esteves Andrea Maculano
Published: June 2019

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is characterized by abnormal sensations in the lower limbs and negatively impacts on sleep. Dopaminergic agonists (pramipexole, PPX) may be used in the treatment. However, chronic use may cause worsening of symptoms (augmentation). Physical exercise (PE) also may be effective in reducing RLS symptoms and improving the sleep pattern. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of PPX and acute PE on locomotor activity (RLS symptoms) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Animals were distributed into 4 groups: Saline, PPX1 (0.1 mg/kg) at 75 days of age, PPX2 (0.05 mg/kg) at 91 days of age and PPX3 (0.05 mg/kg) at 125 days of age.The animals received a daily injection of PPX or saline (07:00 h) for 48 days. The PE (treadmill) consisted of a single session (30 min) at 20–22 m/min. The evaluation of locomotor activity (open field) was performed at baseline and weekly, after administration of the drug. Both PPX and PE caused changes in locomotor activity (RLS symptoms), on specific days. The groups that received PPX had weight changes when compared with the saline groups, but without manifestation of the augmentation.
A (re)invenção da boa mãe em um manual de puericultura no Brasil dos anos de 1930
Authors: Morando André , Souza Nadia Geisa Silveira de
Published: June 2019

Inspirados nos estudos foucaultianos, analisamos a noção de boa mãe em um manual de puericultura, da década de 30 do século XX, intitulado “O Livro das Mamães: noções de puericultura”. Buscamos conhecer os discursos da medicina, que operam como pedagogias da vida ou biopedagogias. Assim, selecionamos trechos do livro que funcionam como discursos verdadeiros. A análise nos revelou que tais biopedagogias articulam a educação em saúde aos supostos papéis do gênero da mulher, sobretudo a noção de boa mãe. Assim, as prescrições para a boa mãe mantêm, no supostamente natural, um modelo de organização do social, onde o gênero atua como marcador dos lugares que as mulheres deveriam ocupar naquela sociedade.
E. P. Thompson
Authors: Martins Angela Maria Souza
Published: June 2019

Este artigo analisa as contribuições de E. P. Thompson relativas a cultura, história e educação. Mostra como ele priorizou a inter-relação entre subjetividade e objetividade na construção do processo sócio histórico. Thompson realizou uma análise do contexto social e histórico, destacando a importância e a interferência da “agencia humana” no processo de formação de uma sociedade. Por isso, ele questionou veementemente a análise das formações histórico-sociais por meio da relação determinante entre base econômica e superestrutura. Considerou que as questões culturais, os valores e significados eram tão importantes quanto as questões econômicas e políticas.  Havia uma relação dialética entre o cultural, o político e econômico. Esta perspectiva thompsiana o conduz a construção do que ele denominou de materialismo humanista que entrelaçou o cultural, o político e econômico, postura importante que criou um novo modo de pensar a história e o papel da educação na contemporaneidade. A educação deve ser considerada um aspecto fundamental da cultura, por isso imprescindível para a constituição de um projeto de sociedade.
A Drill Bit and a Drilling Motor With Embedded High-Frequency (1600 Hz) Drilling Dynamics Sensors Provide New Insights Into Challenging Downhole Drilling Conditions
Authors: Sugiura Junichi , Jones Steve
Published: June 2019

Drilling motors are typically used in every well drilled globally with conventional steerable bottomhole assemblies (BHAs) and powered rotary–steerable BHAs. Downhole drilling dysfunctions are common when mud motors are pushed to the limit for maximum drilling performance. High–frequency (1600 Hz) continuous–recording compact drilling dynamics sensors were embedded into the bit, bit box, and top subassembly (sub) of the motor to better understand the dynamic role played by drilling conditions in different shales throughout North America.

In the drilling industry, most downhole measurements for drilling dynamics use relatively low–frequency sensors (up to 100 Hz). Typically, the measurements are burst and not continuous. These low–frequency burst acceleration devices cannot reliably measure high–frequency torsional oscillations (HFTOs), which are known to be problematic while drilling in certain shale basins. Newly developed high–frequency (1600 Hz) compact drilling dynamics sensors can now be embedded into the drill bit, mud–motor bit box, and top sub to record three–axis accelerations continuously at high–speed sampling rates. The embedded sensors do not add any extra length to the steerable motor and, therefore, capture the true dynamic response of the system.

Embedding the high–frequency sensors at both ends of the mud motor provides two unique data sets of dynamic measurements. With conventional steerable motors and motor–assist rotary–steerable systems (RSSs), HFTO dominant frequencies between 100 and 400 Hz were commonly observed. In some cases, HFTO dominant frequencies between 400 and 700 Hz and their harmonics were captured, which have not been previously reported. In most cases, the HFTO-induced acceleration amplitudes are between 20 and 200g (where g is the gravitational acceleration = 9.806 m/s2) peak (or between 40 and 400g peak to peak). On some occasions, ±200g self–perpetuating HFTO-induced accelerations were recorded in memory where their calculated angular acceleration is more than 25 000 rad/s2.

The transitions between low–frequency stick/slip and HFTOs were captured in high–speed recording. Negative string–rotation speeds were commonly observed at the top sub of the motor while in the rotary mode. It was noted that the bit would slow down to stop but never turn backward, resulting in the backward rotation of the motor top sub. During very–high–amplitude multiple–axis shocks at the bit, there was a significant increase in temperature because of the loss of energy from bit dysfunctions.

The newly reported drilling dynamics phenomena, such as multiple dominant HFTO frequency shifts, microsticks, and microslips, will be detailed in this paper. Monitoring and understanding high–frequency drilling dynamics dysfunctions allow us to make systematic changes to bits, BHAs, and drilling parameters to reduce the dysfunction magnitude, improve the overall drilling efficiency, and minimize component wear.
Computational and Experimental Study of Sand Entrapment in a Hydrocyclone During Desanding Operations in Oil Fields: Consequences for Leakage and Separation Efficiency
Authors: Khalde Chirag M. , Samad Abdus , Sangwai Jitendra S.
Published: June 2019

In the oil and gas industry, upstream and downstream hydrocyclones are used extensively to separate heavy or dense particles from the formation water/reservoir fluids. These hydrocyclones, after a long period of operation, can fail as a result of wear-initiated leakage, thereby needing maintenance or replacement. A detailed investigation of this failure was carried out using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). One-way and two-way coupling of a discrete phase model was used along with the Reynolds stress turbulence model (RSM). Experimental studies were conducted to understand the flow dynamics within the hydrocyclone and to validate the computational model. Key findings, such as bifurcation of the inlet flow, local acceleration of fluid within the hydrocyclone, the impact of the sand drain pipe on fractional efficiency, and the impact of multiple particle sizes and density interactions on the degree of particle entrapment, are discussed in detail. The approach and results presented in this work provide useful insights and a systematic basis for improving the service life and separation efficiency of the hydrocyclone.