bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance-based multi-objective design and expansion of water distribution networks considering life cycle costs and future demands
Authors: Sirsant Swati , Janga Reddy M.
Published: October 2021

Designing the Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) consists of finding out pipe sizes such that the demands are satisfied and the desired performance levels are achieved at minimum cost. However, WDNs are subject to many future changes such as an increase (or decrease) in demand due to population change and migration, changes in water availability due to seasonal and climatic change, etc. Thus, the capacity expansion of WDNs needs to be performed such that the cost of interventions made is minimum while satisfying the demand and performance requirements at various time periods. Therefore, the current study proposed a Dynamic Programming (DP) framework for capacity expansion of WDNs and solved using Multi-Objective Self Adaptive Differential Evolution (MOSADE). The methodology is tested on three benchmark WDNs, namely Two-loop (TL), GoYang, and Blacksburg (BLA) WDNs, and applied to a real case study of the Badlapur region, Maharashtra, India. The results show that the proposed methodology leads to effective Pareto optimal fronts, making it an efficient method for solving WDN expansion problems. Subsequently, an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) based multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) analysis was performed on the obtained Pareto-optimal solutions to determine the most suitable solution based on three criteria: Life Cycle Cost (LCC) of expansions, hydraulic reliability, and mechanical reliability. The main advantage of the proposed methodology is its capability to consider hydraulic performance as well as structural integrity and demand satisfaction in the face of hydraulic and mechanical failures.
Numerical simulation of multi-layer 3D concrete printing
Authors: Spangenberg Jon , Leal da Silva Wilson Ricardo , Comminal Raphaël , Mollah Md. Tusher , Andersen Thomas Juul , Stang Henrik
Published: October 2021

This paper presents a computational fluid dynamics model fit for multi-layer 3D Concrete Printing. The numerical model utilizes an elasto-visco-plastic constitutive model to mimic the flow behaviour of the cementitious material. To validate the model, simulation data is compared to experimental data from 3D printed walls. The obtained results show that the numerical model can reproduce the experimental results with high accuracy and quantify the extrusion load imposed upon the layers. Such load is found to exceed the material’s yields stress in certain regions of previously printed layers, leading to layer deformation/flow. The developed and validated numerical model can assist in identifying optimal printing strategies, reducing the number of costly experimental print failures and human-process interaction. By doing so, the findings of this paper helps 3D Concrete Printing move a step closer to a truly digital fabrication process.
Opportunities and challenges for engineering construction materials as carbon sinks
Authors: Miller Sabbie A. , Van Roijen Elisabeth , Cunningham Patrick , Kim Alyson
Published: October 2021

Population growth and urbanization over the coming decades are anticipated to drive unprecedented demand for infrastructure materials and energy resources. Unfortunately, factors such as the degree of resource consumption, the energy-intensive nature of production, and the chemical-reaction driven emissions make infrastructure materials production industries among the greatest contributors to anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Yet there is an often-overlooked potential environmental benefit to infrastructure materials: most remain in use for decades and their long service lives can facilitate extended storage of carbon. In this perspective, we present an overview of recent technological advancements that can support infrastructure materials acting as a global, distributed carbon sink and discuss areas for further research and development. We present mechanisms to quantify the extent to which the embodied carbon will be removed from the carbon cycle for a long enough period of time to provide carbon sequestration and climate benefit. We conclude that it is possible to unlock the vast potential to engineer a carbon sequestration system that simultaneously meets societal need for expanding infrastructure systems; however, complexities in how these systems are engineered must be systematically and quantitatively incorporated into materials design.
Mindfulness in Tai Chi Chuan as Practised amongst Higher Education Students with Implications for Health and Learning: A Narrative Review
Authors:   Associate Professor, University of Auckland, New Zealand, Henning Marcus A. , Feng Xuan Joanna ,   Research Fellow, University of Auckland, New Zealand, Chen Yan ,   Lecturer, University of Auckland, New Zealand, Moir Fiona ,   Senior Lecturer, University of Auckland, New Zealand, Krägeloh Christian U. ,   Associate Professor, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand, Hobson Jennifer ,   Librarian, Philson Library, University of Auckland, New Zealand, Webster Craig S. ,   Associate Professor, University of Auckland, New Zealand
Published: October 2021

This review examines the quality of the research exploring mindfulness within tai chi chuan and the way this integrative practice benefits health and learning for higher education students. A narrative review based on a systematic search was conducted. Ten English and three Chinese databases were utilised to appraise the relevant literature. The initial search identified 874 potentially appropriate English articles and 265 Chinese articles. A final review of 52 Chinese and 8 English articles was conducted. We used an evidence classification framework to determine the research rigour of the 60 articles (levels 1 to 4). We found that the majority of the studies reviewed were deemed to be either descriptive studies or based on opinion. From a narrative synthesis of patterns emerging within the purported benefits of tai chi chuan cited in the reviewed papers, we identified four clear categories, namely physiological outcomes, motor function and balance, learning, and psychological status. We found that more literature was published in Chinese than English, suggesting the need for reviews to be conducted across language databases. Moreover, we established that tai chi chuan as an integrative meditational exercise can enhance health and learning for higher education students.
The Potential Impacts of a Digital Preoperative Assessment Service on Appointments, Travel-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and User Experience: Case Study
Authors: Milne-Ives Madison , Leyden John , Maramba Inocencio , Chatterjee Arunangsu , Meinert Edward
Published: October 2021

Background

The National Health Service (NHS) cannot keep up with the demand for operations and procedures. Preoperative assessments can be conducted on the internet to improve efficiency and reduce wait times for operations. MyPreOp is a cloud-based platform where patients can complete preoperative questionnaires. These are reviewed by a nurse who determines whether they need a subsequent face-to-face appointment.

Objective

The primary objective of this study is to describe the potential impact of MyPreOp (Ultramed Ltd) on the number of face-to-face appointments. The secondary objectives are to examine the time spent on preoperative assessments completed using MyPreOp in NHS Trusts and user ratings of usability and acceptability.

Methods

The study design was a case study service evaluation. Data were collected using the MyPreOp system from 2 NHS Trusts (Guy’s and St Thomas’ and Royal United Hospitals Bath) and the private BMI Bath Clinic during the 4-month period from September to December 2020. Participants were adults of any age and health status at the participating hospitals who used MyPreOp to complete a preoperative assessment before a scheduled surgery. The primary outcome was the number of face-to-face appointments avoided by patients who used MyPreOp. The investigated secondary outcomes included the length of time spent by nurses completing preoperative assessments, associated travel-related carbon dioxide emissions compared with standard care, and quantitative user feedback. User feedback was assessed at all 3 sites; however, the other outcomes could only be examined in the Royal United Hospitals Bath sample because of data limitations.

Results

Data from 2500 participants were included. Half of the assessed patients did not need a further face-to-face appointment and required a median of only 5.3 minutes of nurses’ time to review. The reduction in appointments was associated with a small saving of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions (9.05 tons). Patient feedback was generally positive: 79.8% (317/397) of respondents rated MyPreOp as easy or very easy to use, and 85.2% (340/399) thought the overall experience was good or very good.

Conclusions

This evaluation demonstrates the potential benefits of MyPreOp. However, further research using rigorous scientific methodology and a larger sample of NHS Trusts and users is needed to provide strong evidence of MyPreOp’s efficacy, usability, and cost-effectiveness.
O Protagonismo do PMDB na Política Brasileira: Uma Análise Comparativa das Eleições de 1994 a 2018
Authors: Campos Diniz Bárbara
Published: October 2021

With the promulgation of a new Federal Constitution in 1988, the Brazilian political-institutional arrangement was established based on a process of reconstructing representative democracy. With this change, the present work sought to analyze the role of PMDB in Brazilian politics during the electoral period of 1994 and 2018. PMDB was the pivotal party in the process of redemocratization in Brazil, as well as the greatest ally to have been sought by the government in studied period. However, due to its characterization as a center party and lack of an ideology consistent with the current demands of the population, the PMDB lost a significant space within the Brazilian Legislative, being neither part of the allied base nor of the opposition of the current Bolsonaro government, making with its protagonism in check.
Reclutamiento de migrantes en la frontera colombo-venezolana
Authors: Pérez Rivera Diego Alejandro
Published: October 2021

Recruitment has been a phenomenon present in the context of the Colombian armed conflict. Thus, illegal armed groups (ELN, dissent from the former FARC, paramilitary groups, drug traffickers, among others) have seen migration as an opportunity to increase the number of members in their ranks. Thus, the exodus of Venezuelans has become an attractive phenomenon for recruitment where armed groups take advantage of irregular dynamics and socio-territorial complexities to increase the range of action of attacks, fighting and presence. That said, the research question is: How has the flow of Venezuelan migrants on the Colombian-Venezuelan border contributed to the strengthening of illegal armed actors? Due to the lack of academic information, the investigation will use as collection instruments: interviews with academics, decision makers and journalistic work.
Frontera colombo-ecuatoriana: gobernanza criminal
Authors: Álvarez Durán Anthony
Published: October 2021

Criminal governance is a new object on the Colombian security-related investigation agenda. In Colombia, the constant presence of illegal groups affects regions far from urban centers. Based on the foregoing, the State has been supplanted in territorial control affecting binational ethnic communities on the border between Colombia and Ecuador. Empirical evidence shows that since the signing of the peace agreement in 2016, the presence of criminal governments defined by Lessing (2019) as the governance of criminal actors over populations within an economy, ethnic group or territory, has been increasing. The objective of this research proposal is to determine the factors that converge within the new dynamics of transnational organized crime after the FARC. To this end, the tentative question is the following: How is the relationship between regional and extra-regional criminal governments on the Colombian-Ecuadorian border configured with ethnic communities between 2016 and 2019? For methodological purposes, a review of the literature will be made under the conceptual framework of ‘criminal government’ proposed by Benjamin Lessing (2019). Indeed, analyzes of the border have been able to determine that the area is of strategic importance for criminal organizations. These groups are not exclusively dedicated to drug trafficking, but also to human trafficking, extortion, and fuel smuggling, factors by which criminal organizations compete or cooperate for control of the area through legitimacy within the border population.
Electrodynamic Tethering: An Energy Source for Satellite
Authors: Prashanth T Guna Durga
Published: October 2021

Abstract: There is a tremendous force interest for the satellites which the nations have been utilizing over a long time for correspondence, spying, tests, analysis, etc; and tracking down an elective energy hotspots for satellite has been a major undertaking that must be settled as quickly as time permits and electrodynamic tie situation can be the ideal decision for the force supplanting framework. The current existing strategies are somewhat more established, fusy and should be changed for expanded use office of a satellite. Electrodynamic ties are long, dainty conductive wires which are conveyed in space appended to the plasma bend generator of the satellite framework and can be utilized to create power by eliminating the motor energy from their orbital movement, or to deliver push while adding energy from an on board source. regardless , the frictional or push power is created electrodynamically , through the communication between the moving charges only the electrons of the ionospheric plasma and the attractive field of earth. Electrodynamic ties work by temperance of the power an attractive field applies on a current conveying wire which is only the lorentz power. Generally, it is a shrewd method of getting an electric flow to stream in a long directing wire that is circling Earth, so that world's attractive field will apply a power on and speed up the wire and thus any payload appended to it. By switching the bearing of current in it, a similar tie can be utilized to de-circle old satellite and once again circle them if necessary under the fundamental circumstances. Electrodynamic ties have solid potential for giving propellant less impetus to rocket in low-Earth orbit(LEO) for applications, for example, satellite deorbit circle boosting, and station keeping. The tie, in any case, is anything but an unbending pole held above or beneath the rocket. Keywords: Electrodynamic, Ionospheric plasma, LEO, Tethers, Deorbit, Reorbit, plasma arc generator.
Methods for Mesh Implantation Efficacy Assessment in Rectocele
Authors: Lukianov A. S. , Titov A. Yu. , Biryukov O. M. , Mudrov A. A. , Kostarev I. V.
Published: October 2021

Aim. A methodological review on mesh implantation efficacy assessment in surgery for rectocele.

Key points. Specialised quiz surveys are among the most appropriate methods to assess surgical intervention efficacy. The questionnaires that enable pre- and postsurgery rectocele grading include PFDI-20 (Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory), the colonic evacuation disorder scale and Cleveland Constipation Scoring System. These surveys determine the surgical intervention efficacy dynamically in conjunction with instrumental surgery assessment techniques.

Conclusion. Clinical practice at the Ryzhikh National Medical Research Centre for Coloproctology combines the originally developed colonic evacuation disorder scale (2003) and PFDI-20. The combined scales allow for a comprehensive symptom assessment in patients with rectocele and other descending perineum syndrome manifestations prior to surgery, as well as symptom dynamics evaluation postoperatively, which, in link with defecography, enables a complete appraisal of the surgical effect.
Dexamethasone in Treatment of Comorbid SARS-CoV-2 Patients Aged over 50 Years with Lung Injury over 50 %
Authors: Zolnikova O. Yu. , Maslennikov R. V. , Ivashkin V. T. , Dzhakhaya N. L. , Kiseleva O. Yu. , Potskhverashvili N. D. , Shorokhova S. A.
Published: October 2021

Aim. An efficacy assessment of steroid therapy in SARS-CoV-2 patients aged over 50 years with lung damage over 50 % (grade 3–4).

Materials and methods. A retrospective study of 158 SARS-CoV-2 patients hospitalised in April—June 2020 was conducted under the inclusion criteria: age over 50 years, chest computed tomography (CT) for COVID-19-asso-ciated pneumonia, C-reactive protein (CRP) >50 mg/L, anticoagulant therapy, no contraindications to steroids, no biologic therapy. Cohort 1 patients (n = 96) received dexamethasone 4–12 mg/day, cohort 2 (n = 62) — a standard non-dexamethasone therapy.

Results. Dexamethasone treatment associated with a significant alleviation of COVID-19-associated pneumonia in CT score (p = 0.001), reduced fibrinogen (p = 0.001), a trend to CRP reduction by day 8–10 and lower demand for oxygen therapy, including ventilatory support (p = 0.001). Mortality rate was 19.8 and 75.8 % in cohorts 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.001).

Conclusion. Dexamethasone therapy 4–12 mg/day in SARS-CoV-2 patients aged 50+ years with grade 3–4 CT changes receiving LMWH from start of hospitalisation significantly improved CT scores and reduced mortality.
Use of Bismuth in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Ilchishina T. A.
Published: October 2021

Aim. An evidence review on use of bismuth in irritable bowel syndrome.

Key points. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional disorder significantly impacting the quality of life and social status, i.a., through frequent manifestations of diarrhea. Postinfectious IBS emerges after a bacterial, pro-tozoan or viral intestinal disease. The new coronavirus pandemic supposedly affects most factors involved in functional disorder developments and may serve a fuelling cause of postinfectious IBS. Bismuth salts accumulate cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Therapeutic efficacy of bismuth compounds has been demonstrated in treatment of diarrhea-accompanied diseases of   various etiology, including postinfectious IBS. The use of therapeutic-dosed bismuth preparations is safe and well tolerated by patients.

Conclusion. Use of bismuth may be considered a treatment and prevention approach in diarrhea-predominant IBS, both in monotherapy and combined regimens.
Diagnosing MALT Gastric Lymphoma in Gastroenterologist’s Practice, a Clinical Observation
Authors: Selezneva E. Ya. , Shcherbakova N. A. , Embutnieks Yu. V. , Bystrovskaya E. V. , Khomeriki S. G.
Published: October 2021

Aim.A clinical case description to highlight challenges in diagnosing MALT lymphoma presented in infiltrative ulcer-ative lesions.

Key points. A 60-yo patient was admitted to the Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Centre with epigastric pain and an 18 kg weight loss over past 4 months. A history of repeated outpatient endoscopic examinations revealing subse-quently ulcerative and infiltrative ulcerative gastric lesions of unestablished origin. A complex examination combin-ing oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGDS), endosonography (EUS), multislice computed tomography (MSCT), morphological and immunohistochemical (IHC) assays elicited the MALT gastric lymphoma IIE stage involving para-gastric and intraperitoneal lymph nodes. The first treatment stage included line-1 eradication therapy, rabeprazole 20 mg x 2 times a day, amoxicillin 1000 mg x 2 times a day, clarithromycin 500 mg x 2 times a day, bismuth tripotas-sium dicitrate 240 mg x 2 times a day — for 14 days. Accounting for the process prevalence and stage, six courses of R-CHOP polychemotherapy (PCT) were ordered by haematologist.

Conclusion.This observation demonstrates a targeted-biopsy endoscopic examination followed by morphological, IHC, EUS (for invasion depth) and MSCT (for process advancement) assays to be decisive in differential diagnosis of ulcerative and infiltrative ulcerative gastric lesions.
Diagnosis of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders and Choice of Treatment Regimen in Constipation Patients
Authors: Maev I. V. , Kazyulin A. N. , Kucheryavy Yu. A. , Cheryomushkin S. V. , Goncharenko A. Yu. , Gilyuk А. V.
Published: October 2021

Aim. A practical review of functional gastrointestinal disorder diagnosis in constipation patients and the rationale for opting treatment.

Key points. Functional constipation commonly afflicts different ages and negatively impacts the quality of life. The current diagnostic algorithm in chronic constipation includes the disease identification according to Rome Criteria IV, red-flag symptom detection and instrumental laboratory examination. Functional constipation is notably often associated with anorectal abnormalities that bear a diagnostic value to elaborate an apt treatment strategy. Anorectal manometry, rectal sensation and balloon expulsion tests are the well-studied and significant probing techniques for objective anorectal zone sensorimotor function assessment in patients with functional constipation. The article reviews modern diagnostic methods in functional defecation disorders.

Conclusion. The examination and treatment algorithms presented will help improve diagnosis and apply the most suitable management in a constipation-associated functional digestive pathology.
RELAÇÃO ENTRE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE RENDIMENTOS DO TRABALHO E INDUSTRIALIZAÇÃO: UMA ANÁLISE PARA OS MUNICÍPIOS BRASILEIROS
Authors: Perosa Bruno Benzaquen , Saiani Carlos César Santejo , Santos Patrick Leite
Published: October 2021

O presente estudo investiga, empiricamente, a relação entre industrializaçãoe distribuição dos rendimentos do trabalho nos municípios brasileiros. Com base emdebates históricos sobre distribuição de renda da academia brasileira e em hipótesesassociadas à curva de Kuznets, especialmente, a que se refere à economia dual, o estudo encontra uma relação não linear entre a desigualdade de rendimentos do trabalhoe a industrialização, medida pelas participações industriais no produto e no emprego.A partir de dados municipais referentes a 2000 e 2010, são realizadas regressões paramétricas em painel (efeitos fixos, efeitos aleatórios e tobit) e não paramétricas (kernel--weighted local polynomial regression). As evidências, relativamente robustas, sugeremque a curva derivada da relação entre a desigualdade de renda e a industrialização temum formato próximo a um U invertido. Ou seja, a distribuição dos rendimentos do trabalho piora com a industrialização até certo nível de participação industrial (no produto e no emprego), porém, atingido determinado nível, a distribuição passa a melhorar.
SALÁRIO REAL E CONFLITO DISTRIBUTIVO NA ECONOMIA BRASILEIRA DE 2000 A 2014
Authors: Silva Leandro Gomes da , Freitas Fabio Neves Perácio de
Published: October 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar, a partir de uma perspectiva multissetorial, a dinâmica de conflito distributivo na economia brasileira ao longo do período 2000-2014, a partir do entendimento de que, em uma economia aberta, vigoramdois processos distintos de formação de preços. Um está associado aos produtos queseguem um valor internacional de referência e outro corresponde aos produtos queobedecem um processo doméstico de precificação. A análise do período 2000-2014 édividida em três subperíodos. No primeiro, 2001-2003, a taxa de inflação da economiabrasileira é mais elevada, o que resulta em uma dinâmica de preços e salários desvantajosa para os assalariados, ao mesmo tempo que crescem as margens de lucro. Nosegundo, 2004-2009, a inflação se reduz e o salário real passa a crescer junto a umaqueda das margens de lucro nos setores que obedecem a um processo internacional deprecificação. No terceiro, 2010-2014, tem-se a manutenção do quadro distributivo dosegundo subperíodo, porém de modo mais suave.
INTERPRETAÇÕES DA POLÍTICA ECONÔMICA NOS GOVERNOS LULA E ROUSSEFF
Authors: Lima Lucas Gonçalves de , Fonseca Pedro Cezar Dutra
Published: October 2021

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo investigar a controvérsia entre as interpretações sobre a política econômica dos governos Lula (2003-2010) e Rousseff (2011-2016) e sua relação com o desempenho da economia no período, principalmente emtermos de crescimento. Do ponto de vista metodológico, duas escolhas são realizadas.A primeira consiste na separação dos governos e a criação de uma seção para cadaum deles. Entende-se que esta resulta da imposição do próprio objeto, pois, na maioriadas vezes, os autores tratam-no separadamente em seus trabalhos, de modo que não sepoderia expor a literatura sobre o período abstraindo tal fato. A segunda é a divisão dasinterpretações em dois grupos: as mais afinadas com o mainstream e as mais próximasà heterodoxia. Essa opção tem por objetivo facilitar a exposição e dar organicidade aomaterial empírico pesquisado. As hipóteses são duas: a primeira é que os autores domainstream explicam o desempenho positivo do governo Lula a partir da evoluçãodo cenário externo e responsabilizam a política econômica pela crise, principalmentea chamada nova matriz macroeconômica do governo Rousseff; a segunda é que osautores da heterodoxia defendem que a política econômica do governo Lula definiu omaior ritmo de crescimento do período e interpretam a crise econômica de 2015-2016como derivada de variáveis exógenas, tanto externas (crise internacional), quanto internas (fatores políticos e institucionais).
Board policy of humanitarian organizations towards creating and maintaining their employer brand during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ta’Amnha Mohammad A. , Bwaliez Omar M. , Magableh Ihab K. , Samawi Ghazi A. , Mdanat Metri F.
Published: October 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic developed a new form of perceived organizational support called COVID 19-related organizational support (COVID-OS). This study investigates the role of COVID-OS in creating and maintaining an attractive employer brand. Although the COVID-19 pandemic has affected all types of organizations, both profit and nonprofit, the literature still lacks thorough research about the COVID-OS and employer brand in the context of nonprofit organizations (particularly the humanitarian ones). Based on in depth qualitative data drawn from 38 semi-structured interviews with humanitarian employees in Jordan during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study revealed that the board of humanitarian organizations can create and maintain their employer brand through providing different forms of organizational support to their employees. These forms of support are health and mental support, support from the working social environment, support of the work-life balance, providing online training and development programs, fair recognition and compensation programs, and leadership support. This study provides significant theoretical implications to the literature regarding the link between organizational support and employer brand. It also offers valuable practical implications for policymakers of humanitarian organizations.
Cost effectiveness analysis of universal varicella vaccination in the Russian Federation
Authors: Rudakova A. V. , Kharit S. M. , Babachenko I. V. , Konovalova L. N. , Rychkova S. V. , Uskov A. N. , Lobzin Yu. V.
Published: October 2021

Varicella is a significant burden on society and the healthcare system.

Objective: to analyze the cost effectiveness of universal vaccination of children against varicella.

Material and methods. The analysis was carried out from the perspective of the healthcare system and societal perspective, based on epidemiological data for the Russian Federation. The effect was taken into account only in the vaccinated population. The time horizon of the study is 10 years. The amount of direct medical costs for treatment of varicella was calculated based on the rates of compulsory medical insurance in St. Petersburg in 2020. The cost of drug therapy in outpatient settings was calculated based on the weighted average retail price of prescribed drugs. The analysis of direct nonmedical and indirect costs was carried out taking into account statistical data on the Russian Federation and duration of temporary disability of family members of sick children. Costs and quality-adjusted life expectancy were discounted by 3.5% per year.

Results. The average cost due to the disease in the Russian Federation is 43,139 rubles / patient, of which 8,5% is direct cost. Vaccination of 100,000 children will prevent 38,551 cases of varicella in 10 years. When analyzing from a social perspective, vaccination provides a reduction in costs compared to no vaccination, and the savings will amount to 10.1 thousand rubles per 1 vaccinated person.

If vaccination coverage is 90%, taking into account the fact that the cohort of children in the Russian Federation at the age of 1 year is about 1.9 million people, the cost of vaccination will amount to about 8.1 billion rubles annually. At the same time, already 6 years after vaccination, the volume of averted budgetary costs will exceed the costs of vaccination.

Conclusion. Universal varicella vaccination of children will reduce the incidence of the disease and reduce the budget costs associated with this disease.
Acute CoVID-19-associated bilateral neuropathy of the abducens nerve in a child
Authors: Voitenkov V. B. , Gorelik E. Yu. , Scripchenko N. V. , Marchenko N. V. , Klimkin A. V. , Bedova M. A.
Published: October 2021

We have presented the first description of acute bilateral neuropathy of the abducens nerve associated with COVID-19 in a child.

A boy aged 2 years 2 months acutely developed bilateral convergent strabismus, the next day fatigue, drowsiness, and a single vomiting not associated with food intake, were joined. A differential diagnosis was performed between brainstem encephalitis, other organic (non-inflammatory) lesions of the brain stem, and idiopathic bilateral neuropathy of the abducens nerves. According to laboratory data, mild lymphocytosis, mild eosinophilia were detected, according to polymerase chain reaction DNA of the herpes virus type 1/2, cytomegalovirus, herpes virus type 6, Epstein-Barr, tick-borne encephalitis, borrelia, anaplasma, RNA ehrlichia were not detected. IgM and IgG to tick-borne encephalitis were not detected. Neurophysiological and neuroimaging examinations did not reveal any pathology. On the 6th day of the disease, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction of the nasopharynx and oropharynx discharge. The final diagnosis was formulated. — bilateral neuropathy of the abducens nerves. Bilateral convergent paralytic strabismus. Concomitant diagnosis: new coronavirus infection, subclini-cal form (positive by polymerase chain reaction in the discharge from the throat and nose of the 2019-nCoV coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) RNA). Decrease in the severity of strabismus was noted over time against the background of the therapy.

Clinicians dealing with the COVID-19 should also pay attention to its ophthalmological manifestations and take into account that it can debut with them, as was in our case.
Peritonitis and splenitis caused by MAC-infection in an immunosuppressed patient
Authors: Plotkin D. V. , Reshetnikov M. N. , Sinitsyn M. V. , Zyuzya Yu. R.
Published: October 2021

Primary (hematogenic) peritonitis caused by non-tuberculosis mycobacteria is extremely rare in the clinical practice. The main number of reported episodes of primary intraabdominal infection is associated with M. tuberculosis and the development of granulomatous inflammation of the peritoneum visually similar to carcinomatosis. The vast majority of reports of peritonitis associated with non-tuberculosis mycobacteria are interlinked with chronic peritoneal dialysis or foreign bodies of the abdominal cavity, when an infection is carried out by the contact through a dialysis catheter, prosthesis or a gastric banding device. The article describes a clinical case of peritonitis and splenitis caused by M. avium with hematogenic spread of infection from the primary pulmonary focus in a young patient with immunosuppression. Diagnosis of such peritonitis at the preoperative stage is extremely difficult due to the similarity of symptoms with atypical appendicitis or infected ascites. The intraoperative picture also did not allow us to assume a mycobacterial etiology of the process, and the absence of a focal point of peritonitis made it necessary to thoroughly understand the situation. Only a peritoneal biopsy and a complete laboratory examination of exudate allowed us to verify the diagnosis, to understand the pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease and to start a timely etiotropic therapy.
Genetic characteristics of group A rotaviruses circulating in the Orenburg region during various epidemic seasons
Authors: Denisyuk N. B.
Published: October 2021

Objective. To analyze the genetic structure of rotaviruses of group A, circulating on the territory of the Orenburg region in different epidemic seasons.

Materials and methods: The genetic structure of rotaviruses by G/P alleles was determined in 341 fecal samples of patients with gastroenteritis clinic under the age of 5 years in various epidemic seasons. ELISA and PCR methods were used. The typing of rotaviruses was conducted on the basis of the laboratory of molecular diagnostic and epidemiology of enteric infections of the Department molecular diagnostics Central research Institute of epidemiology.

Results: The general genetic structure of group a rotaviruses circulating in the Orenburg region in the period from 2014—2020 was determined, expressed, by the frequencies of G/P alleles. The genetic potential of group a rotaviruses for the entire study period was represented by twelve variants of genotypes for G/P alleles, the leading role in the epidemic process was played by genotypes with the highest frequency of occurrence: G4[P]8, G9[P]8, G2[P]4, Mixt. The frequency of registration of combined forms of various rotavirus genotypes (Mixed forms) was 5,9%.

Conclusion: The main and dominant genotypes, their regional diversity and inter-seasonal fluctuations are established. The spectrum of circulating rotavirus genotypes differed in different epidemic seasons, and their epidemic significance is shown.
Effect of In-office Bleaching on Color, Translucency, and Whiteness Variations in CAD-CAM Monolithic Materials
Authors: Peña RC , Simóes R , Ramos AC , Dovigo LN , Fonseca RG
Published: October 2021

Little is known about the impact of bleaching on the optical properties of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufactured (CAD-CAM) monolithic materials. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of one session of in-office bleaching on stain removal, staining susceptibility, translucency, and whiteness variations of CAD-CAM monolithic materials. Disks were fabricated from Lava Ultimate (LU), Vita Enamic (VE), Vita Suprinity (VS), and IPS e.max CAD (IPS). A spectrophotometer was used to register Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage L*a*b* coordinates. For stain removal, 80 specimens from each material were assessed at baseline (R0) and after immersion in deionized water or coffee for 36.5 days followed or not by bleaching with 40% hydrogen peroxide (R1). For staining susceptibility, 80 specimens from each material were analyzed at baseline (R0’), and after having been bleached or not and immersed in deionized water or coffee (R1’). Both analyses were calculated as the color difference (ΔE00) between R1-R0 and R1’-R0’, respectively. Differences in translucency (ΔTP00) and whiteness (ΔWID) between R1-R0 and R1’-R0’ were also calculated. Data were analyzed by three-way ANOVA and the Games-Howell post hoc test (α=0.05). Clinical significance was based on 50%:50% perceptibility and acceptability thresholds for ΔE00, ΔTP00 and ΔWID, respectively. Surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Coffee increased ΔE00 in LU, VE, and VS, and decreased their translucency and whiteness, whereas the IPS had only its whiteness affected. Bleaching after immersion in coffee decreased ΔE00 in LU and VE, and increased translucency and whiteness of LU, VE, and VS. No effect was observed on IPS. Bleaching before immersion in coffee decreased translucency of LU, but within the acceptable interval, while VE exhibited lower ΔE00, and became more translucent and less dark. Both VS and IPS were not affected. One session of in-office bleaching benefited optical properties of the previously stained LU, VE, and VS, without increasing their susceptibility to staining or adversely providing clinically unacceptable variations in their translucency and whiteness. All variations exhibited by the IPS were below the perceptible threshold.
Better Glass-fiber Post Preservation in Teeth with Ferrule When Subjected to Chewing
Authors: Gré CP , Lise DP , Ramos RQ , Van Meerbeck B , Vieira LCC , Lopes GC
Published: October 2021

Objectives

To evaluate the influence of ferrule effect and mechanical fatigue aging on glass-fiber post push-out bond strength (PBS) to root-canal dentin at different root thirds of premolars.

Methods and Materials

Thirty-two sound maxillary premolar teeth were collected, and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (n=16): ‘Remaining Dentin Ferrule’ (RDF) = coronal crown cut 2.0 mm above the cementoenamel junction (CEJ); ‘Without Dentin Ferrule’ (WDF) = coronal crown cut at the cemento-enamel junction. Teeth were endodontically treated, post spaces were prepared up to 10.0-mm depth from CEJ, and glass-fiber posts were cemented using a dual-cure self-adhesive composite cement. Standardized cores were built using a light-cure composite, upon which tooth cores were prepared using a 1.5-mm taper ogival-end diamond bur. Crowns were handmade using self-cure acrylic resin and cemented using the aforementioned composite cement. Half of the specimens were subjected to 1,200,000 cycles of mechanical fatigue in a chewing simulator (F = ‘Fatigue’), while the other half were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 1 week (C = ‘Control’). All specimens were horizontally sectioned into 1.0-mm thick slices prior to PBS test; the failure modes were assessed using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed for each root third using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey HSD post-hoc test; frequency distribution was compared by Chi-square test (α=0.05) and post-hoc comparisons with Bonferroni.

Results

The mean PBS in MPa (SD) were = RDF_F = 10.4 (2.9); WDF_F = 6.9 (1.7); RDF_C = 14.5 (2.7); WDF_C = 14.2 (2.9). Similar PBS were found for the root thirds. For all root thirds, significant differences were found for both the factors Dentin Ferrule and Fatigue, and their interaction (p<0.05). The lowest PBS was found for specimens without dentin ferrule subjected to chewing fatigue (p<0.001). Most failures occurred at the composite cement/dentin interface, followed by mixed and composite cement/glass-fiber post interfacial failures. There was a significant increase in mixed failures for the WDF_F group (p<0.001).

Conclusion

Absence of 2.0-mm remaining dentin ferrule in premolars resulted in a higher decrease of the glass-fiber posts’ PBS to dentin after mechanical fatigue, irrespective of root third.
Minimally Invasive Multidisciplinary Restorative Approach to the Esthetic Zone Including a Single Discolored Tooth
Authors: Tsujimoto A , Jurado CA , Villalobos-Tinoco J , Fischer NG , Alresayes S , Sanchez-Hernandez RA , Watanabe H , Garcia-Godoy F
Published: October 2021

Objectives

The case report describes a minimally invasive, multidisciplinary approach to a single discolored anterior tooth, with internal bleaching using traditional Japanese paper (Washi), a gingivoplasty with a three-dimensional (3D) printed surgical guide, and ultrathin feldspathic porcelain veneers.

Clinical consideration

The patient’s primary concern was improving her smile. After clinical evaluation, internal tooth bleaching for the discolored tooth and gingivoplasty with restoration of the maxillary anterior six teeth and first premolars was recommended. The internal tooth whitening was accomplished with sodium perborate mixed with 30% hydrogen peroxide impregnated in Washi and sealed in the root canal with glass ionomer. Once the tooth bleaching was completed, the 3D printed surgical guide was placed in the patient’s maxillary anterior region and used to guide soft tissue recontouring. After 6 months, ultrathin feldspathic porcelain veneers were placed.

Conclusion

Well-planned restorative procedures combining internal tooth bleaching using Washi, gingivoplasty performed with electrosurgery using a 3D printed surgical guide, and ultrathin feldspathic porcelain veneers can achieve the desired results in the esthetic zone and remain successful for 4 years.
Preliminary Study on the Reductive Leaching of Manganese Ores using FeSO₄/Iron Powder as Reducing Agents under Room Temperature
Authors: Moro Kofi , Haubrich Frank , Martin Mirko
Published: October 2021

The leaching of manganese (Mn) ore in sulphuric acid (H2SO4) under reductive conditions has been studied. The effects of leaching parameters such as ore/reductant mass ratio, acid concentration, ore particle size, solid/liquid ratio, leaching time and different reductant potential on the maximum recovery of manganese have been investigated. The optimal leaching conditions were ore/reductant mass ratio of 1:3.4, acid concentration of 10% v/v H2SO4, ore particle size of 63-200 µm, particle size of iron powder of –150 µm, solid/liquid ratio of 1:20, and leaching time of 1.5 hours at room temperature. A comparative analysis on the recovery of manganese ore was also investigated under the optimal leaching conditions for two different reductants, iron sulphate (FeSO4) and iron powder. The maximum manganese recoveries at the optimal leaching conditions in the presence of FeSO4 and iron powder are 80.6% and 95%, respectively. The results indicate that manganese can readily be leached during short time at room temperature. Furthermore, iron powder has a stronger reducing power compared to FeSO4 with respect to manganese ore recovery.
IoT based Controlling of Power Grid
Authors: Rakib Md Abdullah Al , Rahman Md. Moklesur , Rahman Md. Ashiqur , Chakraborty Shantanu , Shawon M. M. Abu Shahria , Abbas Fysol Ibna
Published: October 2021

An electric network, electric grid, or electricity network is an integrated electricity supply network for producers to consumers. It consists of electricity producing stations. The main objective of this study is to monitor the electricity grid system process, disclose this system at a dangerous level, monitor the current line, and reduce conventional systems expenses. From anywhere on the Internet, we can monitor. We can do it also if a system is enabled or disabled. It uses an electrical microcontroller to monitor a single-phase electrical device using Arduino to read sensor voltage and current and then communicate measured data via a new Android application for wireless monitoring. It enables the monitoring of several basic power quality parameters of basic voltage. The technology also determines the line frequency and power factor.
GSM Based Home Safety and Security System
Authors: Rakib Md. Abdullah Al , Rahman Md. Moklesur , Rana Md. Sohel , Islam Md. Sanjib , Abbas Fysol Ibna
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we worked on how to control home apparatuses, safety, and security systems utilizing GSM innovation by utilizing a cell phone. We will likewise show that we can control the apparatuses even without a phone by sending an ordinary call. The favorable position of utilizing GSM innovation is that we can handle home appliances from any place in the world. This system permits the proprietor to control the appliances and to get a feedback status of the home apparatuses by sending calls just as through a portable application. For the home security system, we are utilizing an antitheft announcing system that will report the proprietor by sending a message and ringing a call. Likewise, for the security system, when fire or gas spillage is expected to occur, it will also report the proprietor by sending a call. Subsequently, by utilizing GSM innovation, it gives remote access to the gadgets to be controlled.
Screening Tomato Genotypes for Bacterial Wilt Disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) Resistance in Ghana
Authors: Newton B-Mensah Isaac , Osei Kingsley , Prempeh Ruth N. A.
Published: October 2021

Thirteen-tomato genotypes were assembled from the USA, Taiwan and Ghana for screening for bacterial wilt resistance in two environments: in a screen house at Crops Research Institute, Kumasi, Ghana and in the field at a bacterial wilt hot spot at Bechem in the Brong-Ahafo region of Ghana. The bacterium, Ralstonia solanacearum was isolated using the serial dilution method on Nutrient Agar (NA) and aseptically cultured for inoculation. The bacterium was implicated as the causal organism of the bacterial wilt disease of tomato. A local check, Petofake and H7996 were used as susceptible and resistant checks respectively. Three genotypes, H7996, LA0442 and LA0443 demonstrated significant resistance stability in both experimental environments by recording significantly low wilt incidence and severity. H7996 was obtained from the World Vegetable Centre (WVC), Taiwan while the other two genotypes were collected from the University of California, Davis, USA. Apart from the highest yielding genotype LA 0442 that recorded 50.67 t/h, the rest recorded very low yields. The lowest yielding genotype AVTO 1713, recorded (12.67 t/h). Thus, the highest yielding genotype, LA 0442 over-yielded the lowest AVTO1713 by approximately 300%. It is instructive to note that LA0442, which was identified as a stable resistant genotype also recorded the highest yield. This result supports the potential of developing a resistant, high yielding variety using LA0442 as a parent. The future of the tomato industry in Ghana therefore looks promising.
Documenting the Constraints and Its Allied Factors in Agar (Aquilaria malaccensis Roxb.) Tree Cultivation at Farm Level: A Case Study in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Iqbal , Rahman Md. Abiar , Saha Satya Ranjan , Rahman Md. Mizanur , Afrad Md. Safiul Islam , Ferdousi Jannatul
Published: October 2021

The study was conducted to investigate the socio-economic characteristics of the agar farmers, the extent of constraints in agar wood cultivation; and the factors allied with constraints in agar tree farming. Despite the enormous potential of agar (Aquilaria malaccensis Roxb.) production in Bangladesh, it has yet to gain traction due to socioeconomic, technical, and marketing challenges. The cultivation of agar trees is largely centered in the Sylhet region, where a large number of agar farmers engage. This research was carried out in Maulvibazar district's Barlekha upazila (sub-district) to better understand and assess the restrictions and factors that affect agar tree cultivation. A survey was conducted with 120 households during September 2018 to March 2019. Descriptive statistics, rank order, coefficient of correlation, and multiple linear regression were used to examine the data. Out of 12 constraints, the most significant barrier was a lack of funds to engage in agar farming (2.81), which was followed by a lack of technical guidance (2.71). The lack of labor was the least important constraint faced by the farmers (1.43). It was revealed that education, household size, farm size, number of trees per farmer, annual income, experience in agar farming, agar wood cultivation under trees and knowledge of agar cultivation of the farmers were shown to be realized to agar plantation constraints. However, education, farm size, annual revenue, and agar growing experience were identified as major drivers of the degree of agar farming constraints. The study identified various policymakers' potential to address the influencing variables (education, farm size, annual revenue, and agar farming experience) in establishing agar farming. Furthermore, finance facilities, adequate agar farming instruction, and forest department introspection could all help to reduce agar farming obstacles.