bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple plasma membrane reporters discern LHFPL5 region that blocks trafficking to the plasma membrane
Authors: Soler David C. , Ballesteros Angela , Sloan Andrew E. , McCormick Thomas S. , Stepanyan Ruben
Published: February 2023

The mechano-electrical transduction (MET) channel of the inner ear receptor cells, termed hair cells, is a protein complex that enables our senses of hearing and balance. Hair cell MET requires an elaborate interplay of multiple proteins that form the MET channel. One of the MET complex components is the transmembrane protein LHFPL5, which is required for hair cell MET and hearing. LHFPL5 is thought to form a multi-protein complex with other MET channel proteins, such as PCDH15, TMIE, and TMC1. Despite localizing to the plasma membrane of stereocilia, the mechanosensing organelles of hair cells, LHFPL5 requires its binding partner within the MET complex, PCDH15, to localize to the stereocilia tips in hair cells and to the plasma membrane in heterologous cells. Using the Aquaporin 3-tGFP reporter (AGR) for plasma membrane localization, we found that a region within extracellular loop 1, which interacts with PCDH15, precludes the trafficking of AGR reporter to the plasma membrane in heterologous cell lines. Our results suggest that the presence of protein partners may mask endoplasmic reticulum retention regions or enable the proper folding and trafficking of the MET complex components, to facilitate expression of the MET complex at the stereocilia membrane.
Left ventricular hypertrophy detection using electrocardiographic signal
Authors: Liu Cheng-Wei , Wu Fu-Hsing , Hu Yu-Lun , Pan Ren-Hao , Lin Chuen-Horng , Chen Yung-Fu , Tseng Guo-Shiang , Chan Yung-Kuan , Wang Ching-Lin
Published: February 2023

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) indicates subclinical organ damage, associating with the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. From the medical perspective, electrocardiogram (ECG) is a low-cost, non-invasive, and easily reproducible tool that is often used as a preliminary diagnosis for the detection of heart disease. Nowadays, there are many criteria for assessing LVH by ECG. These criteria usually include that voltage combination of RS peaks in multi-lead ECG must be greater than one or more thresholds for diagnosis. We developed a system for detecting LVH using ECG signals by two steps: firstly, the R-peak and S-valley amplitudes of the 12-lead ECG were extracted to automatically obtain a total of 24 features and ECG beats of each case (LVH or non-LVH) were segmented; secondly, a back propagation neural network (BPN) was trained using a dataset with these features. Echocardiography (ECHO) was used as the gold standard for diagnosing LVH. The number of LVH cases (of a Taiwanese population) identified was 173. As each ECG sequence generally included 8 to 13 cycles (heartbeats) due to differences in heart rate, etc., we identified 1466 ECG cycles of LVH patients after beat segmentation. Results showed that our BPN model for detecting LVH reached the testing accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.961, 0.958, 0.966 and 0.956, respectively. Detection performances of our BPN model, on the whole, outperform 7 methods using ECG criteria and many ECG-based artificial intelligence (AI) models reported previously for detecting LVH.
A multicenter, randomized, open-labelled, non-inferiority trial of sustained-release sarpogrelate versus clopidogrel after femoropopliteal artery intervention
Authors: Han Ahram , Lee Taeseung , Lee Joongyub , Song Suk-Won , Lee Sang-Su , Jung In Mok , Kang Jin Mo , Gwon Jun Gyo , Yun Woo-Sung , Cho Yong-Pil , Ko Hyunmin , Park Yang-Jin , Min Seung-Kee
Published: February 2023

Optimal antiplatelet therapy after endovascular therapy (EVT) for peripheral artery disease is controversial. This trial aimed to evaluate whether sarpogrelate plus aspirin was non-inferior for preventing early restenosis after femoropopliteal (FP) EVT compared to clopidogrel plus aspirin. In this open-label, prospective randomized trial, 272 patients were enrolled after successful EVT for FP lesions. Patients in each group received aspirin 100 mg and clopidogrel 75 mg or sarpogrelate 300 mg orally once per day for 6 months. The primary outcome was target lesion restenosis at 6 months, tested for noninferiority. Patient characteristics and EVT patterns were similar, except for increased inflow procedures in the sarpogrelate group and increased outflow procedures in the clopidogrel group. The sarpogrelate group showed a tendency of less restenosis at 6 months than the clopidogrel group (13.0% vs. 19.1%, difference 6.1 percentage points, 95% CI for noninferiority − 0.047 to 0.169). Secondary endpoints related to safety outcomes were rare in both groups. Risks of target lesion restenosis of the two intervention arm were uniform across most major subgroups except for those with coronary artery disease. In conclusion, Sarpogrelate plus aspirin is non-inferior to clopidogrel plus aspirin in preventing early restenosis after FP EVT. Larger multi-ethnic trials are required to generalize these findings.

Trial registration: National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Registry (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02959606; 09/11/2016).
Perfect intrinsic squeezing at the superradiant phase transition critical point
Authors: Hayashida Kenji , Makihara Takuma , Marquez Peraca Nicolas , Fallas Padilla Diego , Pu Han , Kono Junichiro , Bamba Motoaki
Published: February 2023

Some of the most exotic properties of the quantum vacuum are predicted in ultrastrongly coupled photon–atom systems; one such property is quantum squeezing leading to suppressed quantum fluctuations of photons and atoms. This squeezing is unique because (1) it is realized in the ground state of the system and does not require external driving, and (2) the squeezing can be perfect in the sense that quantum fluctuations of certain observables are completely suppressed. Specifically, we investigate the ground state of the Dicke model, which describes atoms collectively coupled to a single photonic mode, and we found that the photon–atom fluctuation vanishes at the onset of the superradiant phase transition in the thermodynamic limit of an infinite number of atoms. Moreover, when a finite number of atoms is considered, the variance of the fluctuation around the critical point asymptotically converges to zero, as the number of atoms is increased. In contrast to the squeezed states of flying photons obtained using standard generation protocols with external driving, the squeezing obtained in the ground state of the ultrastrongly coupled photon–atom systems is resilient against unpredictable noise.
Gender differences in prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in Egypt: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abdel-Gawad Muhammad , Nour Mohamed , El-Raey Fathiya , Nagdy Hanaa , Almansoury Yahya , El-Kassas Mohamed
Published: February 2023

Egypt is the country with the highest known hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence worldwide. The origin of gender differences in HCV prevalence is not usually well understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to review and evaluate the gender differences in HCV infection rates amongst Egyptians. Such data would be important to support prevention and control programs aiming to minimize HCV-related morbidity and mortality. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (WOS) were searched for relevant articles published from 1st January 2011 to 13th December 2021, using the search terms (HCV OR “hepatitis C” OR hepacivirus) AND (prevalence OR seroprevalence OR epidemiology OR incidence OR magnitude). At first, retrieved articles were screened, and then relevant data were extracted and analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Out of 616 studies from databases, only 30 were included after the full-text screening, with 193,621 included participants: 97,597 male and 96,024 female. The overall seroprevalence of HCV antibodies in all included studies was 0.02 (CI − 0.23 to 0.28), with no significant difference between males and females. However, HCV RNA positivity was significantly more prevalent in males than females in adults and the general population (after excluding high-risk groups). In children, no statistically significant differences between males and females were found in the seroprevalence of HCV antibodies nor in the prevalence of PCR positivity. HCV RNA positivity is significantly higher in males than females in adults, while there are no gender differences in children.
Ab-GALFA, A bioassay for insect gall formation using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Hirano Tomoko , Okamoto Ayaka , Oda Yoshihisa , Sakamoto Tomoaki , Takeda Seiji , Matsuura Takakazu , Ikeda Yoko , Higaki Takumi , Kimura Seisuke , Sato Masa H.
Published: February 2023

Insect galls are abnormal plant organs formed by gall-inducing insects to provide shelter and nutrients for themselves. Although insect galls are spatialized complex structures with unique shapes and functions, the molecular mechanism of the gall formation and the screening system for the gall inducing effectors remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that an extract of a gall-inducing aphid, Schlechtendalia chinensis, induces an abnormal structure in the root-tip region of Arabidopsis seedlings. The abnormal structure is composed of stem-like cells, vascular, and protective tissues, as observed in typical insect galls. Furthermore, we confirm similarities in the gene expression profiles between the aphid-treated seedlings and the early developmental stages of Rhus javanica galls formed by S. chinensis. Based on the results, we propose a model system for analyzing the molecular mechanisms of gall formation: the Arabidopsis-based Gall-Forming Assay (Ab-GALFA). Ab-GALFA could be used not only as a model to elucidate the mechanisms underlying gall formation, but also as a bioassay system to isolate insect effector molecules of gall-induction.
How scan parameter choice affects deep learning-based coronary artery disease assessment from computed tomography
Authors: Denzinger Felix , Wels Michael , Breininger Katharina , Taubmann Oliver , Mühlberg Alexander , Allmendinger Thomas , Gülsün Mehmet A. , Schöbinger Max , André Florian , Buss Sebastian J. , Görich Johannes , Sühling Michael , Maier Andreas
Published: February 2023

Recently, algorithms capable of assessing the severity of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in form of the Coronary Artery Disease-Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) grade from Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA) scans using Deep Learning (DL) were proposed. Before considering to apply these algorithms in clinical practice, their robustness regarding different commonly used Computed Tomography (CT)-specific image formation parameters—including denoising strength, slab combination, and reconstruction kernel—needs to be evaluated. For this study, we reconstructed a data set of 500 patient CCTA scans under seven image formation parameter configurations. We select one default configuration and evaluate how varying individual parameters impacts the performance and stability of a typical algorithm for automated CAD assessment from CCTA. This algorithm consists of multiple preprocessing and a DL prediction step. We evaluate the influence of the parameter changes on the entire pipeline and additionally on only the DL step by propagating the centerline extraction results of the default configuration to all others. We consider the standard deviation of the CAD severity prediction grade difference between the default and variation configurations to assess the stability w.r.t. parameter changes. For the full pipeline we observe slight instability (± 0.226 CAD-RADS) for all variations. Predictions are more stable with centerlines propagated from the default to the variation configurations (± 0.122 CAD-RADS), especially for differing denoising strengths (± 0.046 CAD-RADS). However, stacking slabs with sharp boundaries instead of mixing slabs in overlapping regions (called true stack ± 0.313 CAD-RADS) and increasing the sharpness of the reconstruction kernel (± 0.150 CAD-RADS) leads to unstable predictions. Regarding the clinically relevant tasks of excluding CAD (called rule-out; AUC default 0.957, min 0.937) and excluding obstructive CAD (called hold-out; AUC default 0.971, min 0.964) the performance remains on a high level for all variations. Concluding, an influence of reconstruction parameters on the predictions is observed. Especially, scans reconstructed with the true stack parameter need to be treated with caution when using a DL-based method. Also, reconstruction kernels which are underrepresented in the training data increase the prediction uncertainty.
Genetic analysis of heterogeneous subsets of circulating tumour cells from high grade serous ovarian carcinoma patients
Authors: Asante Du-Bois , Mohan Ganendra R. K. A. , Acheampong Emmanuel , Ziman Melanie , Calapre Leslie , Meniawy Tarek M. , Gray Elin S. , Beasley Aaron B.
Published: February 2023

Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are heterogenous and contain genetic information from the tumour of origin. They bear specific intra- and extra-cellular protein markers aiding in their detection. However, since these markers may be shared with other rare cells in the blood, only genetic testing can confirm their malignancy. Herein, we analyse different CTC subsets using single cell whole genome DNA sequencing to validate their malignant origin. We randomly selected putative CTCs identified by immunostaining that were isolated from 4 patients with high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and one with benign cystadenoma. We specifically targeted CTCs positive for epithelial (CK/EpCAMpos), mesenchymal (vimentinpos), and pseudoendothelial (CK/EpCAMposplus CD31pos) markers. We isolated these cells and performed whole genome amplification (WGA) and low-pass whole-genome sequencing (LP-WGS) for analysis of copy number alterations (CNA). Of the CK/EpCAMposcells analysed from the HGSOC patients, 2 of 3 cells showed diverse chromosomal CNAs. However, the 4 pseudoendothelial cells (CK/EpCAMposplus CD31pos) observed in the HGSOC cases did not carry any CNA. Lastly, two of the clusters of vimentin positive cells sequenced from those found in the benign cystadenoma case had CNA. Despite the low number of cells analysed, our results underscore the importance of genetic analysis of putative CTCs to confirm their neoplastic origin. In particular, it highlights the presence of a population of CK/EpCAMposcells that are not tumour cells in patients with HGSOC, which otherwise would be counted as CTCs.
Effects of an incentive spirometer versus a threshold inspiratory muscle trainer on lung functions in Parkinson’s disease patients: a randomized trial
Authors: Mohammed Yusuf Saiyed Farheen , Bhise Anjali , Nuhmani Shibili , Alghadir Ahmad H. , Khan Masood
Published: February 2023

Upper airway obstruction, reduced maximal expiratory and inspiratory flows, reduced lung volumes, abnormal ventilatory control, and diaphragmatic dyskinesias are reported in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has been reported to be effective in improving respiratory functions; however, no studies have compared the effects of the incentive spirometer (IS) with the threshold inspiratory muscle trainer (TIMT) in patients with PD. The study aimed to compare the effects of IS and TIMT on maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), 6-min walk distance (6-MWD), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) in patients with stage 1–3 according to the Hoehn and Yahr scale. 18 patients were randomly assigned to two groups, i.e., incentive spirometer (IS) and threshold inspiratory muscle trainer (TIMT) group. The IS group received IMT with volume-based IS, and the TIMT group received IMT with TIMT. MIP, 6-MWD, FVC, FEV1, and PEFR were measured before and after six weeks of training. In IS group: A significant increase (p < 0.05) was observed in MIP and 6-MWD by 18.13 and 5%, respectively. In the TIMT group: A significant increase (p < 0.05) was observed in MIP and 6-MWD by 30.15 and 8.94%, respectively. Both groups observed no significant difference (p > 0.05) in FVC, FEV1, and PEFR. When the two groups were compared, a greater increase (p < 0.05) was observed in the MIP and 6-MWD in the TIMT group compared to IS group. IMT with IS or TIMT for six weeks effectively increased MIP and 6-MWD in patients with stage 1–3 (Hoehn and Yahr scale) of PD. No improvement was observed in FVC, FEV1, or PEFR with any of the techniques. TIMT is more effective than IS in improving MIP and 6-MWD.
The role of higher education and civic involvement in converting young adults' social responsibility to prosocial behavior
Authors: Alfirević Nikša , Arslanagić-Kalajdžić Maja , Lep Žan
Published: February 2023

This study investigates the indirect mechanisms relevant to converting young adults' prosocial attitudes and individual responsibility into their prosocial behavior. Our results are based on a sample of 530 young adults studying at three public regional business schools in South East Europe. They show a significant favorable influence on young adults' civic and political involvement, mediating the relationship between individual responsibility attitudes and prosocial behavior. However, this would not have been expected based on previous research. Another indirect path between the same variables is modeled using a hypothesized moderated mediation effect. The institutional influence of higher education proves to be a significant mediator of the proposed relationship, moderated by the amount of educational content in the fields of ethics, social and environmental responsibility. At mid-and-high levels of exposure to relevant educational content, this indirect path significantly influences the developing young adults' pro-environmental behaviors. The study results are discussed from the viewpoint of peripheral regions with a history of dysfunctional social capital mechanisms.
Self-aligned multi-layer X-ray absorption grating using large-area fabrication methods for X-ray phase-contrast imaging
Authors: Pil-Ali Abdollah , Adnani Sahar , Karim Karim S.
Published: February 2023

X-ray phase-contrast (XPCi) imaging methods are an emerging medical imaging approach that provide significantly better soft tissue contrast and could function as a viable extension to conventional X-ray, CT, and even some MRI. Absorption gratings play a central role in grating-based XPCi systems, especially because they enable the acquisition of three images in a single exposure: transmission, refraction, and dark-field. An impediment to commercial development and adoption of XPCi imaging systems is the lack of large area, high aspect ratio absorption gratings. Grating technology development, primarily due to technological limitations, has lagged system development and today prevents the scaling up of XPCi system into a footprint and price point acceptable to the medical market. In this work, we report on a self-aligned multi-layer grating fabrication process that can enable large-area X-ray absorption gratings with micron-scale feature sizes. We leverage large-area fabrication techniques commonly employed by the thin-film transistor (TFT) display industry. Conventional ITO-on-glass substrates are used with a patterned film of Cr/Au/Cr that serves as a self-aligned lithography mask for backside exposure. Commonly available SU-8 photoresist is patterned using the backside exposure mask followed by an electroplating step to fill the gaps in the SU-8 with X-ray attenuating material. Consequently, the electroplated patterned material acts as a self-aligned photomask for subsequent SU-8 layer patterning and so forth. The repeatability of the reported process makes it suitable for achieving higher aspect ratio structures and is advantageous over previously reported X-ray LIGA approaches. A prototype three-layer grating, with a thickness of around $$40\,\upmu \text{m}$$

40

μ
m

, having a visibility of 0.28 at $$60\,\text{kV}_p$$

60

kV
p

with a $$70\,\text{mm}\times 70\,\text{mm}$$

70

mm
×
70

mm

active area was fabricated on a 4-inch glass substrate and demonstrated by modifying a commercially available 3D propagation-based XPCi Microscope. The scalable and cost-effective approach to build larger area X-ray gratings reported in this work can help expedite the commercial development and adoption of previously reported Talbot-Lau, speckle-tracking, as well as coded-aperture XPCi systems for large-area clinical and industrial applications.
Effects of Climate change on temperature and precipitation in the Lake Toba region, Indonesia, based on ERA5-land data with quantile mapping bias correction
Authors: Irwandi Hendri , Rosid Mohammad Syamsu , Mart Terry
Published: February 2023

Climate change is a serious problem that can cause global variations in temperature and rainfall patterns. This global variation can affect the water availability of lakes. In this study, trends in temperature and rainfall in the Lake Toba area for 40 years (1981–2020) were analyzed using ERA5-Land data corrected with observation station data utilizing the quantile mapping bias correction method. Corrected ERA5-Land data were used in this study to show spatial patterns and trends. The Mann–Kendall and Sen slope tests were carried out to see the magnitude of the trend. A comparison of temperature and rainfall against their baseline period (1951–1980) was also investigated. The results of this study show that climate change has affected the trend of increasing temperature and rainfall in the Lake Toba area, with an increase in temperature of 0.006 °C per year and an average rainfall of 0.71 mm per year. In general, significant changes in the increase of temperature and rainfall occurred in the last decade, with an increase in temperature of 0.24 °C and rainfall of 22%. The study of the impact of climate change expected to be useful for policymakers in managing water resources in the Lake Toba area.
Reconstruction of enterprise debt networks based on compressed sensing
Authors: Liang Kaihao , Li Shuliang , Zhang Wenfeng , Lin Chengfeng
Published: February 2023

This study aims at the problem of reconstruction the unknown links in debt networks among enterprises. We use the topological matrix of the enterprise debt network as the object of reconstruction and use the time series data of accounts receivable and payable as input and output information in the debt network to establish an underdetermined linear system about the topological matrix of the debt network. We establish an iteratively reweighted least-squares algorithm, which is an algorithm in compressed sensing. This algorithm uses reweighted $$\ell _2$$

ℓ
2

-minimization to approximate $$\ell _1$$

ℓ
1

-norm of the target vectors. We solve the $$\ell _1$$

ℓ
1

-minimization problem of the underdetermined linear system using the iteratively reweighted least-squares algorithm and obtain the reconstructed topological matrix of the debt network. Simulation experiments show that the topology matrix reconstruction method of enterprise debt networks based on compressed sensing can reconstruct over 70% of the unknown network links, and the error is controlled within 2%.
Increase in the wave power caused by decreasing sea ice over the Sea of Okhotsk in winter
Authors: Iwasaki Shinsuke
Published: February 2023

Increasing ocean surface waves owing to decreasing sea ice in the Sea of Okhotsk (SO) is a major concern. However, long-term trends of ocean surface waves in the SO have not yet been investigated. Therefore, the long-term trends of wave power ($${P}_{\mathrm{w}}$$

P
w

) in the SO were investigated using the 40-year (from the 1980s) simulations and based on the wave model (WAVEWATCH III) enforced by three reanalyses and one satellite product. Three wave model simulations were conducted using the original (hourly or daily) reanalysis or satellite sea ice data. In addition, to quantify the responses of the long-term $${P}_{\mathrm{w}}$$

P
w

trends to surface winds and sea ice, three wave model simulations were performed with climatological sea ice data, for a total of six model simulations. The model results of the original sea ice data corresponded well with the buoy observations. Moreover, $${P}_{\mathrm{w}}$$

P
w

increased (~ 12–15% per decade) remarkably during winter (December–February). The increased $${P}_{\mathrm{w}}$$

P
w

could be attributed to the strengthened surface winds and reduced sea ice (i.e., reduction of direct wave decay by sea ice). Moreover, a horizontal gradient of sea level pressure enhanced by the reduced sea ice strengthened the surface winds. These results suggested that the reduction of sea ice is the most important factor responsible for the positive $${P}_{\mathrm{w}}$$

P
w

trend over the SO during winter.
Efficient 3D light-sheet imaging of very large-scale optically cleared human brain and prostate tissue samples
Authors: Schueth Anna , Hildebrand Sven , Samarska Iryna , Sengupta Shubharthi , Kiessling Annemarie , Herrler Andreas , zur Hausen Axel , Capalbo Michael , Roebroeck Alard
Published: February 2023

The ability to image human tissue samples in 3D, with both cellular resolution and a large field of view (FOV), can improve fundamental and clinical investigations. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of light-sheet imaging of ~5 cm3 sized formalin fixed human brain and up to ~7 cm3 sized formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) prostate cancer samples, processed with the FFPE-MASH protocol. We present a light-sheet microscopy prototype, the cleared-tissue dual view Selective Plane Illumination Microscope (ct-dSPIM), capable of fast 3D high-resolution acquisitions of cm3 scale cleared tissue. We used mosaic scans for fast 3D overviews of entire tissue samples or higher resolution overviews of large ROIs with various speeds: (a) Mosaic 16 (16.4 µm isotropic resolution, ~1.7 h/cm3), (b) Mosaic 4 (4.1 µm isotropic resolution, ~ 5 h/cm3) and (c) Mosaic 0.5 (0.5 µm near isotropic resolution, ~15.8 h/cm3). We could visualise cortical layers and neurons around the border of human brain areas V1&V2, and could demonstrate suitable imaging quality for Gleason score grading in thick prostate cancer samples. We show that ct-dSPIM imaging is an excellent technique to quantitatively assess entire MASH prepared large-scale human tissue samples in 3D, with considerable future clinical potential.
The topology of the reaction stereo-dynamics in chemi-ionizations
Authors: Falcinelli Stefano , Vecchiocattivi Franco , Pirani Fernando
Published: February 2023

Details on the stereo-dynamic topology of chemi-ionizations highlight the role of the centrifugal barrier of colliding reactants: it acts as a selector of the orbital quantum number effective for reaction in a state-to-state treatment. Here, an accurate internally consistent formulation of the Optical interaction potentials, obtained by the combined analysis of scattering and spectroscopic experimental findings, casts light on structure, energy and angular momentum couplings of the precursor (pre-reactive) state controlling the stereo-dynamics of prototypical chemi-ionization reactions. The closest approach (turning point) of reagents, is found to control the relative weight of two different reaction mechanisms: (i) A direct mechanism stimulated by exchange chemical forces mainly acting at short separation distances and high collision energy; (ii) An indirect mechanism, caused by the combination of weak chemical and physical forces dominant at larger distances, mainly probed at low collision energy, that can be triggered by a virtual photon exchange between reagents.
Synthesis of covalent organic pillars as molecular nanotubes with precise length, diameter and chirality
Authors: Tian Yaru , Guo Yunlong , Dong Xue , Wan Xintong , Cheng Kuan-Heng , Chang Rong , Li Shunshun , Cao Xiaoyu , Chan Yi-Tsu , Sue Andrew C.-H.
Published: February 2023

The construction of nanotubes with well-defined structures, although synthetically challenging, offers the prospect of studying novel chemical reactions and transportation within confined spaces, as well as fabricating molecular devices and nanoporous materials. Here we report a discrete molecular nanotube, namely the covalent organic pillar COP-1, synthesized through a [2 + 5] imine condensation reaction involving two penta-aldehyde macrocycles and five phenylenediamine linkers. A pair of enantiomeric nanotubes, obtained in a quantitative and diastereoselective manner, were characterized and resolved readily. NMR spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetric and X-ray crystallographic studies revealed that the 2-nm-long and 4.7-Å-wide one-dimensional channel inside COP-1 can accommodate α,ω-disubstituted n-alkyl chains with complementary lengths and electron density distributions. Furthermore, in a length-mismatched host–guest pair, we found that the nonamethylene dibromide thread not only displays a diminished binding constant in solution, but adapts an energetically unfavoured gauche conformation inside COP-1 in the solid state.
Enhanced characterization of breast cancer phenotypes using Raman micro-spectroscopy on stainless steel substrate
Authors: Thomas Giju , Fitzgerald Sean T. , Gautam Rekha , Chen Fuyao , Haugen Ezekiel , Rasiah Pratheepa Kumari , Adams Wilson R. , Mahadevan-Jansen Anita
Published: February 2023

Stainless steel yields stronger Raman signal intensity than the traditional CaF2substrate, demonstrating potential for improved spectral characterization which further reveals increased lipogenesis in HER2 overexpressing breast cancer cells.
Magnetic covalent organic frameworks for rapid solid-phase extraction of phthalate esters and bisphenol A in beverage samples
Authors: Wang Yu-Xin , Zhang Wang , Shen Xiao-Fang , Qiao Jin-Yu , Pang Yue-Hong
Published: February 2023

Phthalate esters (PAEs) and bisphenol A (BPA) are endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which are widely used in the production of food plastic packaging and easily migrate to food.
Regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of unsymmetrical 1,4-diketone-derived (Z)-monosilyl enol ethers via siloxyallylpotassium intermediates
Authors: Okuda Shuto , Narita Yutaka , Hayashi Rikuo , Sai Masahiro
Published: February 2023

This paper describes the regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of unsymmetrical 1,4-diketone-derived (Z)-monosilyl enol ethers from 1-arylallyloxysilanes and Weinreb amides using (trimethylsilyl)methylpotassium as a base.
Mechanistic insight into the structure, thermodynamics and dynamics of equilibrium gels of multi-armed DNA nanostars
Authors: Naskar Supriyo , Bhatia Dhiraj , Lin Shiang-Tai , Maiti Prabal K.
Published: February 2023

We present the self-assembly of DNA nanostars having three, four and five arms into a gel phase using a bead-spring coarse-grained model.
DFT mechanistic studies of boron–silicon exchange reactions between silyl-substituted arenes and boron bromides
Authors: Qiu Christopher S. , Qiu Nicholas P. , Flinn Christopher , Zhao Yuming
Published: February 2023

Our DFT calculations offer mechanistic insights into the exchange reactions between various silylarenes and boron bromides as well as potentially competing reaction pathways via electrophilic aromatic substitution.
Photocatalytic C–N coupling towards urea synthesis with a palladium-supported CeO2 catalyst
Authors: Yang Shuyi , Deng Jiayi , Chen Jiaying , Tan Qingmei , Liu Tianren , Chen Ke , Han Dongxue , Ma Yingming , Dai Mengjiao , Niu Li
Published: February 2023

The conversion of N2 and CO2 into urea through a photocatalytic C–N coupling reaction under ambient conditions serves as a novel green avenue for urea synthesis.
Postpartum dietary intake, depression and the concentration of docosahexaenoic acid in mature breast milk in Wuhan, China
Authors: Cao Yuan , Wei Qiaosi , Zou Li , Jiang Shilong , Deng Haichao , Jiang Chuqi , Cui Ningning , Huang Shanshan , Ge Yanyan , Li Yan , Tan Le , Guo Shu , Wang Shanshan , Zhou Leilei , Hao Liping , Xu Kun , Yang Xuefeng
Published: February 2023

Breast milk DHA proportion was positively associated with maternal aquatic product intake and DHA supplement use, and negatively associated with postpartum depression status.
Biomedical competency of bassanite (plaster of Paris) synthesized from waste Pila globosa shells
Authors: Sahadat Hossain Md. , Uddin Md. Najem , Ahmed Samina
Published: February 2023

The in-vitro biocompatibility of bassanite synthesized from waste Pila globosa shells has been evaluated.
Covalent surface modification of nickel ferrite nanoparticles for electrochemical supercapacitor performance
Authors: Singh Neha , Malik Ankur , Nohwar Shakshi , Jana Rathin , Mondal Prakash Chandra
Published: February 2023

Modification of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles via aryl diazonium produces up to 160% increase in saturation magnetization and 190% increase in pseudocapacitance.
Azo-carbazole copolymer-based composite films with high optical transparency for updatable holograms
Authors: Kinashi Kenji , Nakanishi Ikumi , Sakai Wataru , Tsutsumi Naoto , Jackin Boaz Jessie
Published: February 2023

The poly(CACzE-MMA)/CACzE composite film plasticized with DPP showed remarkable holographic properties and transparency, which repeatedly and clearly reconstructed holographic stereograms and transmitted volume holograms.
Thiol modifier effects of diphenyl diselenides: insight from experiment and DFT calculations
Authors: Nogara Pablo A. , Oliveira Cláudia S. , Madabeni Andrea , Bortoli Marco , Rocha João Batista T. , Orian Laura
Published: February 2023

A combination of spectroscopic, chromatographic and computational approaches was employed to investigate the reaction of several diselenides with a thiolate nucleophile, leading to the breaking of the selenium–selenium (Se–Se) bond.
Controllable digital and analog resistive switching behavior of 2D layered WSe2 nanosheets for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Cheng Siqi , Zhong Lun , Yin Jinxiang , Duan Huan , Xie Qin , Luo Wenbo , Jie Wenjing
Published: February 2023

The WSe2-based memristor demonstrates the controllable digital and analog resistive switching behavior. Moreover, it can be used to emulate the “learning-forgetting-relearning” experience and performs image recognition with high recognition accuracy.
In situ X-ray diffraction study of the solvothermal formation mechanism of gallium oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Nielsen Ida Gjerlevsen , Kløve Magnus , Roelsgaard Martin , Dippel Ann-Christin , Iversen Bo Brummerstedt
Published: February 2023

Gallium oxides are of broad interest due to their wide band gaps and attractive photoelectric properties. Exploration of their formation mechanisms lead to phase control during synthesis.
Injectable thermoresponsive hydrogels based on (Me)PEG–poly(menthide) amphiphilic block copolymers from bioderived lactone
Authors: Arıcan Mehmet Onur , Koldankaya Tuğba , Mert Serap , Çoban Handan , Erdoğan Sezgi , Mert Olcay
Published: February 2023

Synthesis of (Me)PEG–PM block copolymers from a sustainable source, (−)-menthone, and their thermoresponsive characteristics.
Targeted degradation of ABCG2 for reversing multidrug resistance by hypervalent bispecific gold nanoparticle-anchored aptamer chimeras
Authors: Lu Weihua , Chen Jingran , Guo Zhanchen , Ma Yanyan , Gu Zikuan , Liu Zhen
Published: February 2023

Hypervalent bispecific gold nanoparticle-anchored aptamer chimeras (AuNP-APTACs) were rationally developed to be a new lysosome-targeting chimera (LYTAC) for degrading ABCG2 to effectively reverse multidrug resistance (MDR) for cancer therapy.
On-surface synthesis of metal–organic frameworks: the critical role of the reaction conditions
Authors: Ruiz del Árbol Nerea , Sánchez-Sánchez Carlos , Martínez José I. , Rodríguez Luis , Serrate David , Verdini Alberto , Floreano Luca , Jacobson Peter , Grill Leonhard , Martín-Gago José A. , López María F.
Published: February 2023

Kinetics versus thermodynamics: their interplay determines the formation of Kagome or honeycomb metal–organic networks from para-aminophenol on Cu(111).
Multifunctional Ti3C2 decorated perovskite La1−xSrxCoO3 nanorods for efficient energy conversion
Authors: Zhang Hao , Lu Yi , Fan Deqi , Xu Xueling , Li Xiaodong , Yang Xiaofei
Published: February 2023

The multi-functions of La0.9Sr0.1CoO3/Ti3C2 nanorods demonstrate great potential in solar water evaporation and electrocatalytic water splitting.
In situ synthesis of Cu(ii) dicarboxylate metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and their application as battery materials
Authors: Teusner Matthew , Mata Jitendra , Sharma Neeraj
Published: February 2023

This work illustrates how the copper substrate for anodes in lithium-ion batteries are used to make copper-carboxylates via reactions with dicarboxylic acids. The resulting electrode performance can be tuned by controlling the reaction conditions.
Correction: Crystallinity-modulated hollow CeO2−x nanorods as free radical scavengers for long-term photostability in organic photovoltaics
Authors: Yoon Seongwon , Kwon Taehyun , Kim Sohyun , Park So Hyun , Lim Youngjoon , Kim Jihun , Kim Jun , An Kwangjin , Park Sungmin , Kim Jin Young , Son Hae Jung
Published: February 2023

Correction for ‘Crystallinity-modulated hollow CeO2−x nanorods as free radical scavengers for long-term photostability in organic photovoltaics’ by Seongwon Yoon et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2023, 11, 970–979, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TC04152A.
Improving the resilience of the distribution system using the automation of network switches
Authors: Hassanzadeh Ehsan , Hajiabadi Mohammad Ebrahim , Samadi Mahdi , Lotfi Hossein
Published: February 2023

In studies of power systems, reliability issues are not fully responsive to the assessment of the distribution network in the face of natural disasters, and studies called the resilience of distribution network are needed. Distribution network resilience studies examine the impact of large incidents with high damaging power but low repetition on the power grid, which cause a lot of damage and costs. In this study, the effect of distribution network switches automation on improving the resilience of distribution networks in the event of large faults and failures has been investigated. In this approach, first the location of the incident and the probability of the percentage of destruction of the incident site are predicted, then in different scenarios, the numbers, locations, and types of switches (remote control or manoeuvre switches) are defined and in the next step, the system reliability and resilience indicators are evaluated, and then, the system resilience diagram is examined in each scenario, and at each stage, the cost‐benefit analysis is performed to evaluate the cost function. Here, the cost includes the cost of purchasing and installing switches, and benefits include costs of reliability and resilience, which ultimately significantly reduce the objective function. The proposed method is implemented on a part of the standard RBTS system.
Space weathering effects and potential spectral alteration on Phobos and the Moon: Clues from the Fe content of olivine
Authors: Xu Jingyan , Mo Bing , Wu Yanxue , Zhao Yu-Yan Sara , Lin Honglei , Ye Binlong , Michalski Joseph , Li Yang , Tai Kairui , Li Chen , Guo Zhuang , Qi Chao , Liu Shen , Li Xiongyao , Liu Jianzhong
Published: February 2023

Context. Olivine responds to space weathering in the fastest and most profound way, which results in significant space weathering spectral alteration effects (SWSAEs) on airless silicate bodies. Although Mg-rich olivine (Fa10) has been subjected to extensive studies, SWSAEs of Fe-rich (Fa# > 20) or Fa-dominant (Fa# ⩾ 50) olivine are still poorly understood.

Aims. We aim to systematically characterize the space weathering effects and the associated spectral alterations of Fe-rich olivine on the surface of Phobos and the Moon.

Methods. We conducted nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation experiments on a set of synthetic Fe-rich olivine (Fa29, Fa50, Fa71, and Fa100) with energy levels simulated for Phobos and the Moon and analyzed the irradiated olivine for microscopic characteristics and near-infrared (NIR) and Raman spectroscopy.

Results. Micron-level thick alteration layers are found in Fa100 compared to those hundreds of nanometers thick in Fa29, Fa50, and Fa71. With increasing irradiation energy levels and Fa# values, nanophase iron (np-Fe0) particles increase in size but decrease in quantity. The np-Fe0 formed via in situ decomposition are ubiquitously present, while those formed via vapor deposition are primarily found in Fa29 but rarely in Fa# ⩾ 50. The size fraction of intermediate (10–40 nm) and large (40–60 nm) np-Fe0 proportionally increases with Fa# values. The NIR spectra of weathered olivine show darkening over reddening in most cases, but Fa100 under the most irradiated condition shows brightening-reddening spectral effects. The Raman spectra of weathered olivine show a reduction in intensity without peak shifts.

Conclusions. The Fa# values of olivine are a more critical factor in controlling the SWSAEs on Phobos than those on the Moon. If Phobos and Deimos contain substantial Fe-rich or Fa-dominant olivine, similar to Mars, thick alteration rims and large np-Fe0 formed via space weathering may cause darkening-reddening and potentially brightening-reddening spectral effects on the Martian moons.
Construction and Implementation of “Online + Offline” Mental Health Service System - Taking E College as an Example
Authors: Qi Rui , Li Xiuhua
Published: February 2023

In response to the mental health service needs of students under the background of normalized epidemic prevention and control, an “online + offline” mental health service system is built and implemented with the support of the online platforms. This system improves the level of mental health services on campus by building service platforms, broadening service horizons and integrating educational resources.
Analysis and Application of Mental Health Education Strategies for College Students: A Positive Psychology Perspective
Authors: Chen Lishu , Chen Yanli , Yu Jinyu
Published: February 2023

Positive psychology is capable of not only meeting the developing requirements of humans, but also establishing effective scientific virtues. Under the impact of positive psychology, colleges and universities have exerted certain positive effects and social values in conducting mental health education for college students, thereby optimizing the overall mode of mental health education and realizing its high efficacy and scientificization. This essay provides a comprehensive analysis of the significance of mental health education to the development of college students, adopts a positive psychology stance, and examines relevant research strategies in an effort to enhance the mental health of college students.
Research on Integration of Sportsmanship and Ideological and Political Education in Colleges and Universities
Authors: Dang Linlin
Published: February 2023

Including sportsmanship loaded with ideological and political education resources in colleges and universities makes an inherent requirement of fostering new generations in the quest of national rejuvenation. Proceeding from the connotation of sports spirit and ideological and political education in institutions of higher learning, this paper intended to underline their intrinsic connection and see through the significance and feasible ways of their integration, thereby allowing full play to the value of sports spirit in educating and streamlining ideological and political education.
Introduction-Integration-Innovation: Exploration and Practice of Higher Design Education Talents Cultivation Model in the Context of New Liberal Arts: The Case of Birmingham Institute of Fashion and Creative Art
Authors: Li Wanjun , Xu Yingying
Published: February 2023

This paper analyzes the present situation of cooperative education in China’s art disciplines, points out the deficiencies during the development and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions based on its approach of “introduction, integration and innovation” while studying the case of the Birmingham Institute of Fashion and Creative Art. It aims to cultivate a group of new design talents with design creativity, practical ability and international vision by inheriting Chinese excellent traditional culture to strengthen cultural self-confidence.
An Overall Evaluation of the Chinese Admission System
Authors: Liu Zilin
Published: February 2023

In the last two decades, China has experienced a radical shift in its admission system to the Chinese parallel mechanism, which is expected to provide a better allocation of existing educational resources, and also improve the admission outcome. In this paper, an overall assessment of the current matching system has been made in an attempt to test the effectiveness of this major transition. At the same time, this paper compares the admission policy in China and in foreign countries to give a further evaluation of the overall performance of the China parallel mechanism. From the currently available data and statistics, the new admission system is proven to bring significant improvements in the admission outcome. This paper may offer some references for the demonstration of new admission system and the reform of Chinese admission policies.
Research on the Construction of High-Level Faculty in Universities in the Context of the New Era
Authors: Li Wei , Sun Yunfan
Published: February 2023

The faculty is the backbone and core of the school, and it is also a “power army” for the sustainable development of the university. The quality of the faculty is directly related to the comprehensive quality of a school. In the new era, the overall plan of deepening teaching evaluation reform should be implemented comprehensively, so it is necessary to grasp the development pulse of faculty construction and actively explore the new faculty, so as to lay the foundation for the national training of high-quality faculty.
Research on the Impact of Cross-Language Transfer on English Learning among Chinese K-12 Students
Authors: Liu Xinyu
Published: February 2023

This paper reviewed 9 articles published in the last 3 years (from 2019 to 2022) studying the language transfer of Chinese K-12 students who studied English. The results showed that in areas such as phonetic learning and conceptual understanding, the mother tongue positively influences English language learning; in some aspects of English vocabulary and writing, students are vulnerable to the confinement of their mother tongue thinking. The research also aimed to provide some pedagogical recommendations for promoting positive transfer and inhibiting negative transfer for students in the context of K-12 education.
Research on Countermeasures of ideological and political education in colleges and universities under the background of network informatization
Authors: Liu Xuxu
Published: February 2023

Affected by the epidemic, coupled with the rapid development of network information, the extensive application of new media has a great impact on the current traditional education, and the traditional education mode is gradually being replaced by information technology. The popularization of network information technology makes smart phones enter millions of households, the commercialization of 5G technology is accelerated, and AI intelligence gradually becomes the mainstream. In the future, the popularization of artificial intelligence will bring about a revolutionary change in education. At present, the biggest challenge facing college education is the contradiction between teachers and mobile phones. Mobile Internet addiction of college students has been the primary factor affecting college students’ studies. How to solve the influence of mobile Internet addiction of college students on their studies has become a hot topic in ideological and political education of colleges and universities. This paper will explore the characteristics of college students through the actual investigation, analyze the ideological dynamics of college students, put forward corresponding solutions, and provide countermeasures for ideological and political education in colleges and universities.