bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Nicotine Extraction and Analysis Method from Tobacco Agrowaste Extract
Authors: Sukweenadhi Johan , Tranku Chelsea , Ayu Dewi , Kang Se-Chan
Published: May 2024

Tobacco cultivation is prevalent in Indonesia and contributes significantly to the economy. However, it has negative impacts on social, health, and environmental conditions. The tobacco waste generated is classified as pre-harvest and post-harvest waste, which can be utilized to extract nicotine and recycle essential nutrients. Nicotine has various biological activities and potential health benefits. The extraction of nicotine from tobacco waste is a pressing issue to provide a valuable resource for various industries and reduce the environmental harm caused by burning tobacco waste. The study optimized the HPLC conditions for the detection of nicotine, including the mobile phase composition and flow rate, using a UV detector and a C18 column. The optimal eluent composition was Acetate Buffer: Methanol: Acetonitrile with a ratio of 30:50:20, and the optimal flow rate was 0.2 mL min-1. Additionally, it was found that the nicotine content of tobacco stem samples was higher than that of tobacco dust samples. Overall, this study provides valuable information on the extraction and analysis of nicotine in tobacco samples using HPLC, which can have important implications on developing sustainable tobacco production practices to minimize the negative impacts of tobacco cultivation on social, health, and environmental conditions.
Microplastic Impact on Plant: Review Paper Using VOSviewer
Authors: Garfansa Marchel Putra , Zalizar Lili , Setyobudi Roy Hendroko , Anwar Shazma , Husen Syarief , Triwanto Joko , Iswahyudi Iswahyudi , Wahono Satriyo Krido , Prahardika Bayu Agung , Basyaruddin Muhammad , Subchi Thontowi Djauhari Nur , Purwaningsih Fauziyah Eni , Rohaniyah Jaftiyatur , Ekalaturrahmah Yenni Arista Cipta , Ningsih Kustiawati , Sholeh Mohammad Shoimus , Shidqi Muhmammad Taufiq , Labib Ahmad , Yuhana Titan Memory , Kristiana Lia
Published: May 2024

Plastic waste is now a major environmental problem worldwide, and it has worsened in the last few years. Scientists are studying how much plastic is in the environment, how dangerous it is, and how to learn it. This study looked at research papers on microplastics’ effects on plants listed by Scopus from 2011 to 2022. The goal was to see how this body of knowledge has grown and expanded over time and guess what it will do. The authors used the VOSviewer package and Scopus analytics for the bibliometric study. A total of 380 manuscripts, written by 159 authors, were taken out. Much study is being done on particle size, quantity, bioaccumulation, and environmental and community effects. Rillig, M.C., Das Berlin-Brandenburgisches Institut für Biodiversitatsforschung, Germany, is thought to be the most productive and often-cited researcher. The Ministry of Education China is the most essential printing house. China is the leader in terms of the number of papers and study partnerships. It is best to look at the International Journal of Pharmaceutics.
Development of Emission Factors from Indonesian Coal-Fired Power Plant Using Continuous Emission Monitoring Data
Authors: Triani Meiri , Dewi Kania , Sitanggang Ruly , Cahyo Nur , Rasgianti Rasgianti , Supriyanto Eko , Bakti Dheka , Vincēviča-Gaile Zane
Published: May 2024

Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS) is generally used for monitoring compliance with emission standards set by the government regulations and has not been optimally used for other additional purposes yet. If operated CEMS can produce reliable and accurate data, they can develop further specific data such as emission factors. These emission factors can be used for estimating pollutant emission loads from coal combustion activity in Coal-Fired Power Plants (CFPPs) without conducting direct source measurements. In this study, hourly 1 yr CEMS data from several units of CFPPs were processed to develop specific emission factors for principal air pollutants (SO2, NOx, particulates) and greenhouse gases (represented by CO2). Emission factors were determined by dividing the emission load of each pollutant by the amount of combusted coal during 1 yr. The results showed that emission factor ratings for this study could not be classified as A ratings due to the limited number of investigated CEMS facilities. According to the variability of the derived emission factor values, SO2 and CO2 emission factors can be rated as B or above average (with fewer variability values). In comparison, NOx and particulate emission factors can be placed as C or average (with more variability values).
Simulation of the Influence of Eugenol (C10H12O2) on Jatropha curcas Linn. Oil to Improve Physical Properties of Base Oil
Authors: Ma’arif Moch. Syamsul , Wardana I Nyoman Gede , Purnami Purnami , Darmadi Djarot Bangun , Novareza Oyong , Darsono Cahyo Henan , Sugiarto Sugiarto , Abidin Zainal
Published: May 2024

Lubrication in machining process plays a very important role in machining because it increases the productivity and quality of the machining process. Today, most Metalworking Fluids (MWF) are petroleum based ones. Due to its advantages, the consumption of MWF is increasing therefore creating many negative effects on the environment. These effects are related to surface and groundwater, and soil contamination. To address this challenge, various MWF alternatives are being explored by scientists. Vegetable oil is a very attractive alternative to petroleum-based lubricants, because vegetable oils are environmentally friendly, renewable, non-toxic, and easily biodegradable. In complement to the experimental method, simulations using chemical application programs such as Hyperchem 8.0 can also be carried out to provide an estimate of how the interaction between components of lubricating oil, lubricating oil and additives, as well as lubricating oil and additives to their attraction properties to certain surfaces (such as metals). In this study, the effect of the addition of eugenol as a bio-additive on the interaction between molecules of jatropha oil lubricant on the surface of the material will be analysed. The results obtained are simulations using Hyperchem 8.0 can be used to predict the physical properties of the lubricating oil.
Characteristics of Rice Analogue from Composite Flour and Seaweed Puree
Authors: Nur Muhammad , Damat Damat , Setyobudi Roy Hendroko , Muawwanah Masyrurotul , Asmawati Asmawati , Andoko Effendi , Hussain Zahid , Fitriasari Fika
Published: May 2024

The research aimed to determine the interaction of corn flour formulation, yellow sweet potato, arrowroot starch, and concentration of Gracilaria sp. seaweed slurry on the physicochemical properties of rice analogue. This research was conducted using a factorial randomized group design. This research consists of two factors. The first factor is the composite flour formulation (corn flour: yellow sweet potato flour: arrowroot starch) with different ratios; the second is Gracilaria sp. seaweed slurry concentration, which consists of four levels, namely 0 %, 1 %, 2 %, 3 % (w w-1). This research shows an interaction between the composite flour formulation and the concentration of Gracilaria sp. seaweed porridge on analogue rice’s water, fat, fibre, and antioxidant content. Analogue rice is known to have a water content ranging from 6.10 % to 8.25 %, ash content ranging from 1.45 % to 4.09 %, fat content ranging from 2.40 % to 5.91 %, and protein content ranging from 1.31 % to 3.60 %; carbohydrate levels range from 80.96 % to 87.99 %. Besides that, the analogue rice fibre content ranged between 1.33 % to 4.48 %, and the antioxidant activity was 83.32 % to 86.46 %.
The Antioxidants Improvement of Yogurt with Three Sources of Non-Alcohol Anthocyanin Extract and Metroxylon sagu as a Natural-Based Thickener
Authors: Asiyah Rokhmatul , Saati Elfi Anis , Winarsih Sri , Atoum Manar Fayiz Mousa , Ariany Retno , Siskawardani Devi Dwi , Abdulrohman Muhammad Luthfi , Utama Muhammad Mashuri
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to determine the interaction of water-soluble pigment sources and sago starch concentration on the yogurt quality, especially in increasing the antioxidant and stability. This research applied extraction using aquades: citric acid (95:5) at 10 °C to 12 °C for 120 min. The red rose extract was then analyzed using FTIR and LC-MS measurements. A randomized completed block design factorial was applied with three replications. This research consisted of two factors; the first was adding different sources of pigment (anthocyanin) with four levels (control, rose petal, mulberry, and sappan wood). The second factor was sago starch concentration (2 %, 4 %, and 6 %). The results represent the interaction of pigment sources and sago starch concentration on physicochemical and sensorial properties. The best treatment was A3G3 (rose pigment and 6 % sago starch) with a viscosity of 40.0 d-Pass, pH 4.20, total dissolved solid 8.33 °Brix, total titrated acid 0.60 %, protein 2.19 %, fat content 1.92 %, total anthocyanin 47.94 mg g-1, antioxidants 80.10 % (increase 92.3 %). Furthermore, the organoleptic test resulted in appearance, tends to be attractive, aroma was quite like, viscosity tended to be thick, and good enough taste.
Dynamics of Chlorophyll-a Concentration in Ternate Island Waters and Its Effect on Yellowfin Tuna Production
Authors: Tangke Umar , Titaheluw Syahnul Sardi , Laisouw Ruslan , Popa Halfi , Bakari Hamdan , Suasa Martina , Baba Muhrim , Namsa Jabaluddin , Laitupa Muhammad Askar , Shah Luqman Ali
Published: May 2024

This research was conducted from May to August 2023, with the aim of assessing the distribution of chlorophyll-a concentration and its effect on yellowfin tuna production in Ternate Island waters. The use of experimental fishing methods in collecting research data and data analysis in the form of abundance analysis, exponential regression, cross correlation, and General Aditive Models is expected to answer the research objectives. The results showed that the fluctuation of yellowfin tuna fish catch was similar to the abundance of fish stocks with the highest catch in June (14 229 kg) followed by July (11 142 kg), August (10 764 kg) and May (8 001 kg). The catch of yellowfin tuna fish is spread over a range of chlorophyll-a concentrations between 0.06 mg m-3 to 0.32 mg m-3, with an average monthly chlorophyll-a concentration of 0.22 mg m-3. Chlorophyll-a conditions in Ternate Island waters are quite fluctuating and significantly affect the catch of yellowfin tuna fish with a very strong correlation coefficient of 0.87. The results of General Aditive Models analysis found that the chlorophyll-a concentration value for potential yellowfin tuna fishing areas is > 0.01 mg m-3 with a correlation distance or time leg is in week 15.
Assessment of Defatted Protein Concentrate from Flying Fish Roe Filament and Its Amino Acid Profile
Authors: Wahyudi Vritta Amroini , Hidayanti Rohmin , Manshur Hanif Alamadin , Harini Noor , Wedyan Mohammed Ali
Published: May 2024

Flying fish roe filament has a high protein content that can be explored as an alternative nutrition food. Unfortunately, those roe filaments still have a fishy odor caused by volatile compounds and fatty acid derivatives. This study aims to eliminate the fishy odor by removing the fat content using the defatting method. The research design used in this study was a simple Randomized Block Design (RDB) consisting of four treatments (control, 1 h, 3 h, and 5 h). The method used in this study for determining amino acids is a descriptive method using HPLC (HighPerformance Liquid Chromatography). The best treatment for extraction time was 5 h with the results of moisture content 10.5 %, ash content 7.5 %, protein content 47.925 %, fat content 8.65 %, total volatile base (TVB) 4.939 %, and yield 86.63 %. TVB value proved that the treatment could reduce the fatty acid content, so the protein concentrate becomes not fishy (from 9.64 to 4.939 %). The best treatment showed the highest content of lysine (149.75 mg 100 g-1) than another essential amino acid.
Total Concentration of Arsenic in Commercial Infant/Toddler Food: A Preliminary Study in Libya
Authors: Vincevica-Gaile Zane , Lawgali Youssef , Setyobudi Roy Hendroko , Damat Damat , Anwar Shazma , Wedyan Mohammed Ali , Wahono Satriyo Krido , Zekker Ivar , Nugroho Yogo Adhi , Burlakovs Juris , Setiawan Meddy , Hermayanti Diah , Adinurani Praptiningsih Gamawati , Farzana Afrida Rizka
Published: May 2024

Infant/toddler food (ITF) contamination with As is a severe issue of concern due to the fact that food is the second leading source of As after drinking water in the aspect of toxicity induced by nutrition. This study aimed to perform a preliminary assessment of As contamination in commercially available ITF in Libya, thus revealing possible exposure of consumers to As. ITF samples were purchased at supermarkets and were divided as follows: i) ITF containing cereal mixture (ITF-mix); ii) ITF containing wheat (ITF-wheat); and iii) ITF containing rice (ITF-rice). The total concentration of As was detected after wet digestion using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The highest mean concentration of As was detected for ITF-rice in comparison to other ITF samples. Sources of As in food are both, natural and human-induced; the main source of ITF contamination with As could be industrial food processing, manufacturing and storage, as well as cultivation specifics of crops. The study revealed the significance of monitoring or supervision over food safety, especially regarding ITF as these products are intended for the most vulnerable groups of consumers.
Mean Reflected BSDE Driven by a Marked Point Process and Application in Insurance Risk Management
Authors: Gu Zihao , Lin Yiqing , Xu Kun
Published: May 2024

This paper aims to solve a super-hedging problem along with insurance re-payment under running risk management constraints. The initial endowment for the super-hedging problem is characterized by a class of mean reflected backward stochastic differential equation driven by a marked point process (MPP) and a Brownian motion. By Lipschitz assumptions on the generators and proper integrability on the terminal value, we give the well-posedness of this kind of BSDEs by combining a representation theorem with the fixed point argument.
Theoretical Construction of Slum Settlement Area Arrangement as an Alternative Tourist Destination in Urban Areas
Authors: Juniar Achmad Gani Pratiwi , Asmal Idawarni J. , Amin Samsuddin , Nadjmi Nurul
Published: May 2024

Urban slums as an illustration of economic and social development gaps in urban areas. Settlements that are synonymous with poverty are generally settlements that are not ready to face urban dynamics. This research aims to examine the concept and theoretical study of slum tourism as an alternative tourist destination in overcoming urban slums, accompanied by empirical evidence that has been successfully carried out in several cities around the world. Then formulate a conceptual framework based on literature studies as a roadmap and/or current challenges for future research. The study produces key novelties for future research in urban slum tourism planning which lies in the scope of studies regarding attractiveness, tourist activities, accessibility, community friendliness, the tourism industry, and tourism organizations.
Techno-Economic Study on the Application of Reverse Osmosis Technology in the Process of Boiler Feed Water Demineralization PT Puncak Jaya Power 3x65 MW
Authors: Lolo Bunga Lime , Widayat  , Saptadi Singgih
Published: May 2024

The quality of boiler feed water in a Coal Power Plant generation (PLTU) needs to be considered to avoid corrosion and deposits (scale) on process equipment. Decreased water quality causes several disturbances as such disruption of power plant operations and also regeneration of the ion exchange unit is required quite frequently. This study aims to evaluate the performance of boiler feed water demineralization system with the addition of RO unit and the effect of implementing RO system on chemical consumption in demineralizer regeneration process, as well as determine long-term economic benefits. The research was conducted in the demineralization building area of PLTU PT Puncak Jaya Power 3x65 MW, a power plant owned by PT Freeport Indonesia, located in Amamapare Village, Timika, Papua. This research is divided into two phases: technical evaluation based on research data that will be optimized using the Water Application Value Engine® (WAVE) software, and economic evaluation. Good results are obtained by adding an RO unit to the boiler feed water demineralization unit. Its application allows reducing operating costs and implementing higher level water treatment automation. The chosen RO module configuration is 2 stages with 6 vessels, offering several advantages: % recovery = 70%, high average flux = 22.5 Liters/m2/hour, longer membrane life with the additional filter, reduced load in the first stage. The results of the economic evaluation indicate that the reduction in chemical consumption for ion exchange regenerant will yield 218% return on investment (ROI) with an amortization period of two years.
A Preliminary Analysis of Heavy Metals Consentration on Existing Mesoplastic in a Tropical River: Study Cases in Deli River
Authors: Harpah Novrida , Syafira Dhea , Perdana Zaid , Khair Hafizhul , Suryati Isra , Nurfahasdi Meutia
Published: May 2024

Mesoplastics are plastic particles with dimensions ranging from 0.5 cm to 2.5 cm. The objective of this study is to examine the concentration of Pb and Cd in existing mesoplastics and the water of the Deli River in Medan City, as well as investigate the correlation between these two variables. The sampling was conducted using grab samples, and the mesoplastic degradation process was performed using wet digestion. The mean quantity of mesoplastic is 1.58 grammes per hour. The concentration of Cd in river water remains below acceptable limits; however, the concentration of Pb in river water is beyond the water quality requirements set by the Indonesian government. Analysis of Cd and Pb metals in mesoplastic reveals elevated concentrations compared to new plastic (control) and the levels of Pb and Cd metals in Deli River water. Pearson correlation tests indicate a significant correlation between the concentration of Cd in mesoplastic and Cd in water, but no such correlation is observed for Pb metal. Environmental factors, the interaction between polymer type and metal in absorption capacity, the presence of additional sources of pollution in river water, and the age of the plastic are just a few that have an impact on the presence of metal in existing mesoplastic and water.
Probabilistic ultimate strength (US) distribution against environmental casualties: Stiffened panel under imperfection
Authors: Sholikhah Mar’atu , Imaduddin Hanif Muhammad , Adiputra Ristiyanto , Rio Prabowo Aditya , Kyun Kim Do , Danardono Dwi Prija Tjahjana Dominicus , Yaningsih Indri
Published: May 2024

In this study, the ultimate strength of a stiffened panel, which is one of the important components of ship structure, was analyzed by considering the effects of initial imperfection and geometric aspects with variations of random amplitude. The initial imperfection is influenced by local, torsional, and column imperfection modes, while the span/bay and plate slenderness ratios influence the geometric aspects. The analysis was carried out using the ANSYS software’s finite element method (FEM). To calculate the value of normalized strength, the regression calculation stage is carried out, the input is random amplitude with a limit of 0% to 100%, and the normal distribution calculation is shown in the probabilistic distribution. The results of this study indicate that the initial imperfection decreased the ultimate strength of the stiffened panel. The short heavy model has the highest average normalized strength value compared to the other models of variations, which is equal to 0.928. In contrast, the long light model has the lowest average normalized strength value, equal to 0.618.
A Cross-Sectional Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study of Root Canal Morphology and Configuration of Mandibular Premolars in Saudi and Sudanese Subpopulations
Authors: Salah Lina , Alkhames Hussain M. , Alhaj Zokaa , Al-Jubran Saleh M. A. , Mohammed Aseel , Baleis Hussain H. I. , Almadeh Naji M. M. , Ibrahim Amir I. O.
Published: May 2024

Objective To evaluate and compare the root canal morphology of mandibular premolars in Saudi and Sudanese subpopulations and between males and females within each group using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was done between May 2022 and July 2023. Six hundred premolars from Saudi and Sudanese subpopulations were evaluated using CBCT for their number of roots, type of root canal configuration based on Vertucci's classification, and average canal length measured from the buccal cusp tip to the root end.

Statistical Analysis Statistical comparisons were made between males and females within each subpopulation and the two subpopulations using the chi-square test for root number and type of root canal configuration and an independent sample t-test for the canal length.

Results Most mandibular premolars in both subpopulations had a single root, with type I root canal configuration. However, Sudanese showed various canal configurations (I, II, III, IV, and V) compared with Saudis, which was statistically significant in the first canal of the first mandibular premolar (p < 0.05). Also, there were statistically significant differences in canal length between Saudi males and females (p < 0.05) and between Saudis and Sudanese (p < 0.05) in the first and second premolars.

Conclusion Although most mandibular premolars in Saudi and Sudanese subpopulations exhibited a single root and type I canal configuration, variations exist between and within the groups, highlighting ethnic and gender differences and emphasizing the need for dentists' attention.
Ecological money and finance—upscaling local complementary currencies
Authors: Lagoarde-Ségot Thomas , Mathieu Alban
Published: May 2024

This paper puts forth a new pathway to sustainable policy to upscale the transformative power of local complementary currencies. It first reviews the mechanisms by which complementary currencies re-embed monetary circulation within sustainability and biomimetic resilience criteria. It then puts forth a prototype policy pathway whereby private banks swap SDG impact certificates of their complementary currency loans against new reserve assets held at the Central Bank. It finally provides analytical insight on this prototype policy with a a new PK-SFC model comprising 106 accounting and behavioral equations. Simulations show that the prototype policy generates short-lived economic expansion, increases banking stability, and induces structural change through increased systemic capacity for evolution, resilience, and fitness for evolution. We finally discuss the practical implications of our results for sustainability policies.
Non-coresidential intergenerational relations from the perspective of adult children in China: typology and social welfare implications
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Ngok Kinglun
Published: May 2024

The social changes in the new century and the shifting concept of filial piety have jointly shaped the unique intergenerational relationships in China. Intergenerational relationships are closely connected to arrangements for care of the older adults, particularly those who live alone. Based on data from the 2017 China General Social Survey (CGSS), the latent profile analysis method was used to explore the profiles of intergenerational family relationships and their influencing factors in the context of “non-co-residence” based on the five dimensions of intergenerational solidarity theory and related indicators. The study found that family intergenerational relationships can be categorised into five profiles: distant-emotional, proximity-detached, proximity-loose, distant-support, and traditional-reciprocal, which share commonalities with previous studies and have their own characteristics. The results of the multiple regression analysis showed that gender, education level, annual personal income for the previous year, self-rated happiness, and self-rated health had significant effects on the latent profiles of intergenerational relationships. Specifically, adult children who are male, living in a rural area, no legal spouse, a primary school education or less, an annual income above 50,001 RMB in the last year (2016), low or average self-rated happiness, and good self-rated health are more likely to deviate from the traditional filial support track (i.e. they are less likely to be the traditional-reciprocal) than their counterparts in these profiles. In the future, it will be important to increase attention to those families in which older parent live apart from their adult child through relevant legislation, social welfare systems, and social older-care services. This will help ensure that adult children provide intergenerational support and will enable the normal functioning of home- and community-based older adults’ care.
Men resist men: streamer-consumer gender match for advertising the functional benefits of heterogeneously priced utilitarian products
Authors: Li Sirui , Liu Ying , Su Jing , Duan Litao , Fu Hui
Published: May 2024

Within the emerging live-streaming commerce context, streamer-consumer gender match has been considered an important topic in studies on advertising hedonic products. However, it is still under-explored how streamer-consumer gender match affects the mapping from functional benefits to advertising effectiveness when advertising utilitarian products and how the mechanism is contingent on heterogeneous price signals. To somewhat address the research gaps, we develop a number of hypotheses based on the elaboration likelihood model together with the price signaling mechanism and examine the research model drawing on a 28-day panel on 685 smartphones sold on Douyin Live Shopping. The empirical results indicate that (1) functional benefit performance has a positive effect on advertising effectiveness for utilitarian products with a middle-price signal, and the effect is stronger when the products are sold by male rather than female streamers; (2) also for advertising utilitarian products with a middle-price signal, male consumers resist male streamers when streamers leverage utilitarian information to stimulate consumers’ purchase intention; and (3) functional benefit performance contributes little to advertising effectiveness for utilitarian products with a high-price or low-price signal. The evidence uncovers that gender match mainly makes a difference to appending extra hedonic cues rather than amplifying the conversion of utilitarian information in the sense of advertising utilitarian products. The findings also highlight the risk of neglecting within-category heterogeneities in the by-product-category research on live-streaming advertising.
Being an only child and children’s prosocial behaviors: evidence from rural China and the role of parenting styles
Authors: Li Yunsen , Li Yunlu , Chen Gang , Yang Jing
Published: May 2024

Are only children little emperors and more selfish than children with siblings? Drawing on data from the National Children’s Study of China, this research investigates the causal relationship between being an only child and the performance of prosocial behaviors. Results indicate that only children tend to show more prosocial tendencies than their counterparts with siblings, particularly with respect to trait-related, relational, and altruistic prosocial behaviors. In addition, the results are robust having accounted for potential biases due to endogeneity, sex selection preferences, and educational choices. Smaller children are also more sensitive to the status of being an only child. The investigation into why only children might exhibit more prosocial behavior suggests that only children perceive more positive parenting styles compared to their peers with siblings. The findings are consistent with the quantity–quality trade-off theory and present evidence about the formation of prosocial behaviors before the age of 15, challenging the stereotype that only children are more selfish than those with siblings.
Insights into thiocyanate-enhanced photoluminescence in CsPbBr3 nanocrystals by ultrafast two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Basu Arghyadeep , Rafisiman Nathan , Shaek Saar , Lifer Rachel , Yadav Vivek , Kauffmann Yaron , Bekenstein Yehonadav , Chuntonov Lev
Published: May 2024

Functionalization of perovskite nanocrystal surfaces with thiocyanate anions presents a transformative approach to enhancing stability and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) through surface defect passivation. This study investigates the role of thiocyanate ligands in modifying the optoelectronic properties of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. We employed ultrafast two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy to investigate the nature of the dynamic interaction of thiocyanate ligands with nanocrystal surfaces, providing insights into the mechanisms underlying the observed increase in PLQY and stability. Our analysis reveals that the thiocyanate ligands efficiently passivate the surface defects, thereby enhancing the PLQY and the stability of the treated nanocrystals. The spectroscopic evidence supports a model where thiocyanate binds to under-coordinated lead atoms, contributing to a stable nanocrystal surface with enhanced optoelectronic performance. This ligand-induced passivation mechanism advances our understanding of surface chemistry's role in optimizing nanomaterials for solar cell and LED applications.
Interference is in the eye of the beholder: Application to the coherent control of collisional processes
Authors: Devolder Adrien , Tscherbul Timur V. , Brumer Paul
Published: May 2024

Interference is widely regarded as a foundational attribute of quantum mechanics. However, for a given experimental arrangement, interference can either contribute or not contribute to the outcome depending upon the basis in which it is measured. This observation is both foundational and particularly relevant to coherent control of molecular processes, an approach based upon quantum interference. Here, we address this issue and its relevance to controlling molecular processes via the “coherent control scattering (CCS) matrix,” a formalism that allows for an analysis of modifications in an interference structure resulting from a change of basis. This analysis reveals that the change in the interference structure can be attributed to the non-commutativity of the transformation matrix with the CCS matrix and the non-orthogonality of the transformation. Additionally, minimal interference is shown to be associated with the CCS eigenbasis and that the Fourier transform of the eigenvectors of the CCS matrix provides the maximal interference and hence the best coherent control. The change of controllability through a change of basis is illustrated with an example of 85Rb+ 85Rb scattering. In addition, the developed formalism is applied to explain recent experimental results on He + D2 inelastic scattering demonstrating the presence or absence of interference depending on the basis.
Noise characterization of an ultra-stable laser for optical clocks
Authors: Wang Zhiyuan , Ma Zhiyu , Wei Wenzhe , Chang Jialu , Zhang Jingxuan , Wu Qiyue , Yuan Wenhao , Deng Ke , Lu Zehuang , Zhang Jie
Published: May 2024

We report on the development and performance evaluation of an ultra-stable laser for an 27Al+ optical clock. After a series of noise suppressions, especially the vibrational and temperature fluctuation noise, the 30 cm long cavity stabilized laser obtains a frequency instability of 1.3 × 10−16 @1 s. This result is predicted by noise summation and confirmed by the three-cornered hat method. The 27Al+ optical clock transition is also used to characterize the laser frequency noise, and consistent results are yielded. This is the first reported instance of using single ion optical clocks to measure the frequency noise of ultra-stable lasers, as far as we know. With the implementation of the ultra-stable clock laser, an ultra-narrow linewidth clock transition of 2.8 Hz is obtained.
ABLRI: A program for calculating the long-range interaction energy between two monomers in their non-degenerate states
Authors: Yu Yipeng , Yang Dongzheng , Hu Xixi , Xie Daiqian
Published: May 2024

An accurate description of the long-range (LR) interaction is essential for understanding the collision between cold or ultracold molecules. However, to our best knowledge, there lacks a general approach to construct the intermolecular potential energy surface (IPES) between two arbitrary molecules and/or atoms in the LR region. In this work, we derived analytical expressions of the LR interaction energy, using the multipole expansion of the electrostatic interaction Hamiltonian and the non-degenerate perturbation theory. To make these formulae practical, we also derived the independent Cartesian components of the electrostatic properties, including the multipole moments and polarizabilities, of the monomer for a given symmetry using the properties of these components and the group-theoretical methods. Based on these newly derived formulae, we developed a FORTRAN program, namely ABLRI, which is capable of calculating the interaction energy between two arbitrary monomers both in their non-degenerate electronic ground states at large separations. To test the reliability of this newly developed program, we constructed IPESs for the electronic ground state of H2O–H2 and O2–H systems in the LR region. The interaction energy computed by our program agreed well with the ab initio calculation, which shows the validity of this program.
The real butterfly effect and maggoty apples
Authors: Palmer Tim
Published: May 2024

Even though the Navier–Stokes equations are deterministic, it seems that you cannot make predictions beyond a fixed time horizon, no matter how small the initial uncertainty.
When unmixable metals mix
Authors: Fattaruso Laura
Published: May 2024

At the bulk scale, gold and rhodium separate like oil and water, but at the nanoscale, they can mix completely. The reason for the miscibility is on the particles’ surface.
Global ocean surface and subsurface temperature forecast skill over subseasonal to seasonal timescales
Authors: Smith Grant A. , Spillman Claire M.
Published: May 2024

Subseasonal to seasonal forecasts of ocean temperatures, including extreme events such as marine heatwaves, have demonstrated utility in informing operational decision-making by marine end users and managing climate risk. Verification is critical for effective communication and uptake of forecast information, together with understanding ocean temperature predictability. The forecast skill of surface and subsurface ocean temperature forecasts from the Bureau of Meteorology’s new ACCESS-S2 seasonal prediction system are assessed here over an extended 38-year hindcast period, from 2 weeks to 6 months into the future. Forecasts of sea surface temperature (SST), heat content down to 300 m (HC300), bottom temperatures on continental shelves, and mixed layer depth are compared to both satellite observations and ocean reanalyses for the globe and the Australian region, using a variety of skill metrics. ACCESS-S2 demonstrates increased SST skill over its predecessor ACCESS-S1 at subseasonal timescales for all variables assessed. Heat content skill is particularly high in the tropics but reduced in subtropical regions especially when compared to persistence. Forecast skill for ocean temperature is higher in the austral summer months than winter at lead times up to 2 months in the Western Pacific region. Mixed layer depth is poorly predicted at all lead times, with only limited areas of skill around Australia and in the south-west Pacific region. Probability of exceedance forecasts for the 90th percentile as an indicator for marine heatwave conditions, shows adequate skill for SST, HC300 and bottom temperatures, especially near shelf regions at shorter lead times. This work will underpin the future development of an operational marine heatwave forecast service, which will provide early warning of these events and thus valuable preparation windows for marine stakeholders.
Homorganic lengthening in late Old English revisited
Authors: Page B. Richard
Published: May 2024

Minkova & Stockwell (1992) and Kruger (2020) claim that homorganic lengthening is limited to the environment before
-ld and -nd, with only high vowels lengthening before -nd. This
paper examines evidence in the Ormulum and from other sources for lengthening and finds ample
evidence of regular vowel lengthening before -ld, -nd, -mb,
-rd, and -rn. The cross-linguistic tendency of phonetic lengthening of vowels
and sonorants in sequences of vowel plus sonorant plus homorganic voiced consonant provided a phonetic motivation for
the lengthening. Already existing Old English words like frēond ‘friend’ and fēond
‘fiend’ served as a basis for a phonological reanalysis of the phonetically lengthened vowel as underlyingly long.
Meter, syntax, and the use of punctuation in the Leipzig fragment of the Hêliand
Authors: Sundquist John D.
Published: May 2024

This study examines the use of punctūs (or ‘pointing’) for punctuation in the most recently
discovered Leipzig fragment (MS L) of the Hêliand, focusing on the frequency and distribution of
pointing in various metrical and syntactic contexts of the poem.  Data on punctuation, word order, and meter are
provided as evidence for a close stemmatic relationship between the L- and P-fragments but a more long-distant
relationship with the main Hêliand manuscript C.  This evidence supports findings in Schmid (2006) that the L- and P-fragments might come from the same codex and
that the later MS C diverges from these fragments and their common Vorlage.
Vowel lowering, consonant cluster simplification, and koineization in the history of Pennsylvania
Dutch
Authors: Louden Mark L.
Published: May 2024

Scholars who have investigated the history of Pennsylvania Dutch (Pennsylvania German) have come to the
unanimous consensus that the language most closely resembles the German dialects of the Palatinate region
(Pfalz). This is not surprising, since the majority of the German-speaking immigrants to colonial
Pennsylvania came from that area. Aiming to identify the precise European origins of Pennsylvania Dutch, researchers
found that in its core structural features and lexicon, the language is not identical to any one variety of Palatine
German. Pennsylvania Dutch must therefore have been subject to mixing and leveling of input dialects and independent
development during the earliest generations. In this article I situate the history of Pennsylvania Dutch in the
literature on koineization and new dialect formation, focusing on the most striking structural differences between
Pennsylvania Dutch and Palatine German, the lowering of high and mid vowels in closed syllables before tautosyllabic
/r/ and the subsequent simplification of /r/ + C clusters through either /r/-deletion or vowel epenthesis.
Lexicalizing vernacular architecture in the Cape Dutch Vernacular
Authors: Roberge Paul T.
Published: May 2024

Afrikaans has hybrid compounds that pair Khoekhoe and Dutch roots to denote indigenous flora and cultural
items, e.g., ghwarrieboom ‘guarri tree’. Afrikaans hart(e)beeshuis ‘wattle and daub
house’ falls within this compound type, even though it looks straightforwardly Dutch hart(e)bees(t)
‘species of African antelope’ + huis ‘house’. Lexicalization of hybrid harbeeshuis
took place in the Cape Dutch Pidgin as a term for a shelter or dwelling with water-resistant roof, with a cognate of
Nama xaribe ‘wipe away (water)’ as the first term of the compound. White pastoralists adopted this
style of vernacular architecture along with the term for it, whence the creation of hart(e)beeshuis
by folk etymology.
Non-native communication in eighteenth-century maritime circles
Authors: van der Wal Marijke
Published: May 2024

In this paper, I intend to analyze, from a historical sociolinguistic perspective, the characteristics of
Dutch letters written by economic migrants in the late eighteenth century. These letters, which are part of the Leiden
Letters as Loot corpora, were confiscated by the English during the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War and
the American War of Independence (1776–1784). After presenting the method of finding such non-native communication,
the linguistic complexity of the letter writers’ regions of origin will be discussed. Focusing on letter writers from
the North Frisian islands and East Frisia, their command of Dutch will be determined by examining both deviating
features and two Dutch phenomena, the epistolary forms of address and the first person singular object (or oblique)
pronouns. Different levels of Dutch proficiency can be attributed to biographical details and may also lead to
hypotheses for subsequent research of letter writers of German and Scandinavian origin.
Synthesis of the European ALARA network 20th workshop ‘ALARA for interventional radiology and nuclear medicine’
Authors: Andresz Sylvain , Allisy-Roberts Penelope , Economides Sotirios , Morgan Julie , Kabrt Franz , Packer Sharan , Mulas Arturo Perez , Rogers Andy , Schieber Caroline , Stritt Nicolas , Vermeersch Fernand
Published: May 2024

The European as low as reasonably achievable(ALARA) network regularly organises workshops on topical issues in radiation protection (RP). The topic of the 20th workshop was: ‘ALARA for interventional radiology (IR) and nuclear medicine (NM)’. The objective was to examine the challenges faced when applying the optimisation principle (ALARA) in IR and NM and to consider how ALARA could be better implemented for patient and staff exposures. This memorandum provides a synthesis of the workshop sessions, and recommendations coming from the working groups discussion. Parallels are drawn with the recommendations arising from the 13th EAN workshop on ‘ALARA and the medical sector (2011)’ to consider how the optimisation challenges in IR and NM have evolved over the past decade. Current levels of exposure are presented along with operational practice and the challenges and opportunities for improvement, both in monitoring and practice. Whilst RP challenges remain, the application of ALARA appears more established in IR compared with experiences reported in 2011. The application of ALARA to emerging technologies in the NM setting is in need of further development to ensure that RP is considered at all stages in the development process of new radiopharmaceuticals. Besides the obvious technical and operational aspects, the importance of education and training, human factors and broadly the RP ‘culture’ were deemed fundamental to the success of the application of ALARA and where further emphasis is needed. All concerned parties, medical physics experts (MPEs), radiation protection experts, clinical staff, manufacturers and regulators have a role to play in the application of ALARA and this is discussed in the memorandum. Many of the recommendations from the 13th EAN workshop remain applicable today and overlap with the recommendations arising from the 20th workshop. This should prompt attention given that the use of IR and the development of novel radiopharmaceuticals for NM is only anticipated to increase with time.
Tool wear monitoring based on scSE-ResNet-50-TSCNN model integrating machine vision and force signals
Authors: Nie Peng , Guo Yongxi , Lou Bixuan , Yang Chengyue , Cao Lei , Pan Wujiu
Published: May 2024

In the realm of mechanical machining, tool wear is an unavoidable phenomenon. Monitoring the condition of tool wear is crucial for enhancing machining quality and advancing automation in the manufacturing process. This paper investigates an innovative approach to tool wear monitoring that integrates machine vision with force signal analysis. It relies on a deep residual two-stream convolutional model optimized with the scSE (concurrent spatial and channel squeeze and excitation) attention mechanism (scSE-ResNet-50-TSCNN). The force signals are converted into the corresponding wavelet scale images following wavelet threshold denoising and continuous wavelet transform. Concurrently, the images undergo processing using contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization and the structural similarity index method, allowing for the selection of the most suitable image inputs. The processed data are subsequently input into the developed scSE-ResNet-50-TSCNN model for precise identification of the tool wear state. To validate the model, the paper employed X850 carbon fibre reinforced polymer and Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy as laminated experimental materials, conducting a series of tool wear tests while collecting pertinent machining data. The experimental results underscore the model’s effectiveness, achieving an impressive recognition accuracy of 93.86%. When compared with alternative models, the proposed approach surpasses them in performance on the identical dataset, showcasing its efficient monitoring capabilities in contrast to single-stream networks or unoptimized networks. Consequently, it excels in monitoring tool wear status and promots crucial technical support for enhancing machining quality control and advancing the field of intelligent manufacturing.
Development of multi-sensors fusion monitoring system for shaft wall deformation
Authors: Zhu Xiaojun , Chen Yaxin , Zhang Pengfei , Liu Hui , Yang Gen , Li Junxiu , Qiu Mingjian
Published: May 2024

Ensuring shaft safety is crucial for underground coal mining. The prevailing method for monitoring shaft deformation involves manual measurements conducted regularly, necessitating numerous surveyors to descend into the shaft. This approach is laborious and time-consuming, and its reliance on human intervention significantly affects accuracy. An emerging alternative employs an enhanced laser slam scanner comprising laser ranging and inertial navigation angle measurement modules. The accuracy of the inertial navigation angle often requires refinement through laser point cloud registration to mitigate errors. However, existing research has not explored the utilization of a single inertial navigation sensor within a shaft, which potentially influences measurement outcomes. To investigate the impact of inertial navigation angle measurement errors from lidar scanners on shaft interior measurements and propose corresponding error reduction methods, this study developed a multisensor fusion system for monitoring shaft wall deformations. Three experiments were conducted to assess the accuracy of this monitoring system: a laboratory experiment, a simulated experiment, and a real shaft experiment. The results demonstrated that the maximum mean absolute errors (MAEs) in the laboratory and simulated shaft experiments were 0.06 cm and 0.30 cm, respectively, validating the reliability of the point cloud processing algorithm. In the real shaft experiment, the maximum MAE was 0.48 cm, confirming the measurement accuracy of the monitoring system. Compared to manual measurements, the system reduced the measurement time by 48% and streamlined the process from 12 to 3 steps. These findings highlight the monitoring system’s centimeter-level accuracy, efficiency in reducing measurement time, simplification of the measurement process, and elimination of the need for human entry into the shaft.