bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Perceived Interactivity of Social Media Advertising and Voluntary Self-Disclosure on Attitudes and Intentions to Pass-Along
Authors: Chu Shu-Chuan , Kim Yeuseung
Published: January 2017

Social media provide advertisers with opportunities to disseminate advertising and develop relationships with consumers in an interactive environment. To gain an understanding of this current advertising platform, this chapter examines how the perceived interactivity of an ad in social media and consumers' voluntary self-disclosure affect attitude toward an ad, attitude toward a brand, and pass-along intentions. An online experiment was conducted to test the hypotheses and answer the research question. Contrary to the prediction, a highly interactive social media ad was not more effective than a low-interactive one. High voluntary self-disclosure individuals had more favorable attitudes and intentions to pass-along the ad. Theoretical and practical implications for social media advertising are discussed.
Exploring City Branding as a Tool to Conserve Urban Green Infrastructure in Developing Countries
Authors: Padigala Bhaskar
Published: January 2017

Cities are aggressively pushing themselves to become global destinations for economic activities resulting in various environmental stresses. The situation in developing countries such as India is not too different either. Cities are reinventing themselves to emerge as a global destination to attract talent, investment and tourism. City Branding is one such marketing strategy wherein key aspect(s) of a city (cultural, environmental, infrastructure, etc.) is used to project it as a brand, thus garnering competitive advantages and co benefits. This article, however, examines the city branding tool in a different perspective. By reviewing branding theories, concepts and case studies, this article explores the possible use of city branding strategy in conserving and promoting green infrastructure. Theoretical assessments undertaken in this article indicate that city branding has a potential to contribute positively towards cities' developmental aspirations and improving the quality of life of its citizens, leading to an environmentally sustainable urban development in India.
Sensory Branding
Authors: Chakravarty Surabhi Mukherjee
Published: January 2017

This chapter presents sensorial branding approaches in practice and theory. Senses play a vital role in human life. We understand almost everything in life through senses. Sensory branding is an approach through which marketers create better experience of brands. Our senses are our link to memory, which can tap right into emotion. Using senses and their effect on understanding the consumer paves the way for an enriching experience of brand, discriminating their personality, creating a core competence, more interest, preference, and customer loyalty. Sensory branding is the marketing strategy that is investigating the emotional relationships between consumer and the brand through senses. Two cases presented in the chapter are on Starbucks and Apple Inc., which highlight their sensorial strategies for stimulating consumers' relationships and fostering a lasting emotional connection that retains brand loyalty.
Neuromarketing from the Perspective of Advertising Professionals
Authors: Bakir Ugur , Elden Muge , Gecit Erdem
Published: January 2017

Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with the senior level advertising agency employees that work in the creative and strategic planning departments to learn about their opinions on neuromarketing and the various issues related to neuromarketing. Interpretative phenomenology analysis (IPA) was used to examine the research data. The study reveals three interpretive themes: 1) Neuromarketing and advertising research (the role of research in advertising – applying neuromarketing to advertising); 2) perspectives on neuromarketing and related topics (concerns about creativity in advertising – ethical issues); and 3) the future of neuromarketing. The results from this study indicate that advertising professionals are aware of neuroscience, but opinions on the use of neuroscience in marketing and advertising differ mostly based on the department they work in at the agency.
Branding and CSR in Indian Agribusiness
Authors: Raj Anup
Published: January 2017

Indian agribusiness firms are facing increased challenges to manage their corporate brand because many negative implications of agribusiness activities on society are now under public scrutiny. Agribusiness firms are being blamed for environmental degradation, use of excess fertilizers and pesticides, and for promoting unhealthy foods. Such issues pose challenges to corporate brand building efforts of agribusiness firms. In recent years, the Indian agribusiness sector is witnessing a growing trend of using CSR activities to attenuate such negative impacts of agribusiness activities on the corporate brand building efforts of agribusiness firms. This chapter, through theoretical and empirical literature, explores the emerging brand-CSR relationship and uses of CSR as corporate branding strategies in the context of Indian agribusiness firms. The chapter highlights that instead of the traditional community-oriented CSR activities, key beneficiaries-oriented strategic CSR initiatives could be the way forward for sustainable corporate branding strategies in agribusiness.
Research-Based Leadership for Next-Generation Leaders
Authors: Delmas Peggy M.
Published: January 2017

This chapter uses a leadership typology to review categories of traditional and emerging leadership theories and styles. Those theories and styles that have particular application or extensive research in the areas of education, change, problem solving, decision making, and organizational culture are emphasized. Strategies for increasing leader self-awareness, matching leadership styles and organizational needs, and improving problem solving and decision making are provided. The aim of this chapter is to give a clear and comprehensive overview of the array of leadership styles and theories grounded in research. The intent is to help practitioners working in education be more effective leaders by providing a comprehensive theory base to guide their actions, and to help them utilize the leadership style(s) most appropriate for their organization.
Exploring the Role of Organizational Culture in Modern Organizations
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: January 2017

Organizational culture controls the way employees behave among themselves as well as with people outside the organization, and represents certain policies which guide the employees and give them a sense of direction in the workplace. Organizational culture helps keep employees motivated and loyal to the management of the organization. Having a shared organizational culture in the workplace gives employees a sense of unity, thus promoting better communication and less conflict. The chapter argues that the improved organizational culture has the potential to enhance organizational performance and reach strategic goals in modern organizations.
Motivational Factors for Pursuing Degrees in Educational Administration
Authors: Labat Myron B. , Eadens Daniel W. , Labat Cherie A. , Eadens Danielle M.
Published: January 2017

Graduate students were surveyed to analyze their motivations for pursuing a degree in educational administration. Researchers also examined whether there were differences in their motivations based on race. According to NCES (2003-2004) only 10.6% of all public school principals were African American while 16.8% of the students they served were of the same race. Understanding that African Americans are underrepresented in school leadership positions as compared to their Caucasian counterparts, the researchers sought to explore whether Caucasians were encouraged to pursue school leadership credentials more often than African Americans. Statistical analysis revealed no significance in the responses of the participants based on race. However, through analyzing motivating factors by age, it was determined that participants between the ages of 20-29, as compared to participants between the ages of 40-49, were far more likely to report that they were pursuing a degree in educational administration because they felt that they could do a better job than their current administrators.
Leadership for Improving Student Success through Higher Cognitive Instruction
Authors: Hendel Russell Jay
Published: January 2017

This chapter distinguishes between a shared hierarchical leadership, where a leader formulates goals, identifies training materials, authorizes funds and then all participate in a shared culture, vs. a fully shared co-leadership, where all educational stakeholders co-lead by initiating innovation and sharing development. This chapter advocates fully shared co-leadership. The key contribution of this chapter is the identification of four key attributes of higher cognitive pedagogy: executive function, attribution theory, goal-setting, and self-efficacy. These four attributes can easily be mastered by all educational stakeholders: mentors, principals, instructors, tutors, and students. Consequently, this chapter advocates the initiation of educational innovation in pedagogic delivery by instructors. The chapter illustrates its approach with a diverse set of subjects ranging from mathematics to essay writing. A typical application presented in this chapter illustrates spontaneous leadership at the university level followed by a more structured collaboration with K-12 institutions.
Technology's Impact on Higher Education
Authors: Gupton Sandra L.
Published: January 2017

An increasing awareness reflected in the literature, research, and among practitioners is the need to reassess leadership skills and attributes most needed for today's technologically savvy organization. The majority of models of organizational leadership emanated from the industrial era's thinking on organizational productivity, long before the technological tsunami's global impact, and in many aspects have less applicability today. This chapter considers the shift taking place in what constitutes leadership for organizational effectiveness—and even survival-- in the digital era and explores emergent ideas and research on a new paradigm of leadership, particularly for higher education, befitting today's digitally based, information age.
Technology Leadership
Authors: Adada Nisrine , Shatila Ahmad , Mneymneh Nabil M.
Published: January 2017

Technology has invaded our lives and the lives of our children. In every single aspect of their lives, social, educational, and vocational, technology has a role. Change, nowadays, for the 21st century school leaders means tech-implementation into K-12 settings. This is where tech leadership emerges; if school leaders are not competent in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) field, then they cannot expect teachers to welcome this kind of change. The purpose of our study was to find out the perceptions of K-12 school leaders about the problems they faced during the introduction or facilitation of technology, and solutions they proposed, and then provided them with implications to bridge the gap between the problems and solutions. We followed a qualitative approach to collecting and analyzing the data in our research. Thirty school leaders agreed to be part of the study, all randomly selected schools were K-12 schools. Findings indicated that Lebanese school leaders still have a long way to go to properly incorporate technology into their schools.
Impact of Organizational Trauma on Workplace Behavior and Performance
Authors: Tran Ben
Published: January 2017

Research suggests, according to Branch, Ramsay, and Barker (2013), that a significant number of people are exposed to persistent abusive treatment within the workplace, with the majority of studies within Europe indicating that between 10% and 15% of the workforce are exposed to workplace bullying (Zapf, Escartin, Einarsen, Hoel, & Vartia, 2011), with North American research reporting similar prevalence rates. This is a significant, ongoing dilemma for researchers and practitioners, for which an agreed resolution would be useful because of legal and policy implications. Hence, the purpose of this chapter is on the impact of organizational trauma on workplace behavior and performance based on workplace bullying. The chapter is based on a case study regarding a program that is funded by the Department of Education within a community college in the State of California. The community college is one of four community colleges under the same community college district.
Embracing Organizational Trauma
Authors: Szymanski Mike , Schindler Erik
Published: January 2017

Organizational trauma is traditionally associated with negative effects on organizational behavior and performance. In this chapter the authors seek to answer the question how organizational trauma, and in particular near-death experiences, can positively influence organizational culture in the long term. In doing so, the authors briefly review the recent literature on organizational trauma and near death experiences, and discuss how these negative traumatic experiences can turn into prosocial organizational behaviour. The authors then present three case studies to illustrate how an organization can manage to incorporate near death experiences into its organizational culture in a positive way.
Foundations and Future of Well-Being
Authors: Athota Vidya S.
Published: January 2017

This chapter begins by exploring subjective well-being and its origins dating back to ancient thinkers such as Aristotle. It discusses two main forms of subjective well-being; eudaimonic and hedonic well-being. The chapter then delves into the roles of personality, emotional intelligence, positive emotions, economics and religion in influencing subjective well-being. Measures of well-being are discussed as well as the notion of the Hedonic Treadmill and how it operates with the Set-point Theory of happiness. In addition, this chapter also presents the latest research from neuroscience and discusses how neuroscience potentially challenges personality and set-point theories. A few practical steps for subjective well-being are also discussed. Overall, this chapter covers the historical and contemporary theories of subjective well-being and explores a new positive direction on the association of personality, health and subjective well-being.
Infrared Thermography in Swimming
Authors: Domingues Ana Sofia , Barbosa Filipa , Seixas Adérito , Borgonovo-Santos Márcio , Pereira Eduardo M. , Vardasca Ricardo , Gabriel Joaquim , Fernandes Ricardo J. , Vilas-Boas J. Paulo
Published: January 2017

In order to verify whether there is a considerable increase in body skin temperature during different swimming techniques (crawl and backstroke) and identifying the most affected regions. The athlete's thermal symmetry was also analyzed, as well as its modification after the swimming, according to the performed technique. The accuracy of thermography as a method to identify and distinguish these different styles was also evaluated. Ten male swimmers were recruited and two different swimming techniques were assessed, crawl and backstroke. After a 10 minute acclimatization period in the pool, the swimmers were quickly dried with microfiber towels. The thermograms were taken before and after the swimming task, which consisted in a 7x200m protocol in crawl or backstroke. Infrared thermography revealed an increase of temperature after exercise and no significant differences were found between both techniques. Thermal symmetry was not affected by exercise.
Strategic Relationships
Authors: Siddike Md. Abul Kalam , Demirkan Haluk , Kohda Youji , Spohrer Jim
Published: January 2017

Strategic relationships between entities shape the nature of collaboration and competition, as well as the competition for collaborators in markets - customers, employees, suppliers, investors, and others (Spohrer, Kwan, & Fisk, 2014). Rethinking strategic relationships from a service science perspective is the focus of this chapter. The rise of the collaborative, sharing, or more accurately, platform-enabled person-to-person value co-creation economy has increased the dynamic nature of markets across diverse industries and regional jurisdictions. Within the service science literature, “service” is defined as value co-creation interactions and outcomes between entities, all happening over time, space, and scale as part of the evolving ecology of nested, networked service system entities (Spohrer & Maglio, 2010). In this chapter, three types of service system entities are compared and contrasted from the perspective of strategic relationships: businesses, nations, and NFL sport teams.
Co-Creation Emerging in Markets and with Consumers
Authors: Aquilani Barbara , Nosi Costanza , Abbate Tindara
Published: January 2017

The chapter aims at analyzing the more recent studies on co-creation considering both marketing and management literature, contextualizing them within the new scenario firms have to afford today. In doing this both market and consumer changes are studied. The chapter, after an introduction to the subject matter explaining why it is so important to focus on this unexplored management issue, presents a review on the three streams of literature used to build the framework, namely Consumer Culture Theory, Service-Dominant Logic and Value Co-creation. It then focuses on contrasting the different approaches regarding markets and consumers and studying their differences and common traits. The chapter ends with some limitations and hints to future research, as well as some theoretical and managerial implications presented in the concluding section.
Value Co-Creation Approach for Improving Performance of Outsourced Projects
Authors: Cohen Yuval , Rozenes Shai
Published: January 2017

This chapter uses value co-creation approach to improve performance of contracted projects. Without value co-creation, there are always two projects that are performed separately: one is the contractor's project, and the other one is the customer's project, which consists of all the activities for initiating, evaluating and specifying the project as well as controlling and supporting it. These activities form a project, which is often disregarded as a project. Both customer and contractor regard the other side activities as external tasks under the responsibility of their owner. In effect, the two projects are interrelated and form a unified integrated project. The chapter shows that the unified project behaves very differently than either side expects; and its critical activities are different from those of the separate projects. In addition, there are great strategic benefits that are product of the value co-creation approach and potential synergy which are discussed in the chapter.
Mobile Services for Development
Authors: Hartman Alan
Published: January 2017

This chapter discusses the impact of mobile services in developing nations. It focuses on the opportunities for academic research to improve the services which contribute to the lives of citizens in the developing world and make progress towards the UN Sustainable Development Goals for 2030. In many instances, the business models used in the developing economies serve to make the services more sustainable, and relieve some of the burden on governments which have traditionally been responsible for health, energy, sanitation, education and other basic services. This article also investigates the key role of co-creation in defining and developing the services that contribute to development. It concludes with a set of research challenges for furthering the progress towards attaining the Sustainable Development Goals through the use of mobile technologies.
Modelling and Simulation Perspective in Service Design
Authors: Dragoicea Monica , Falcao e Cunha Joao , Alexandru Monica Viorela , Constantinescu Denisa Andreea
Published: January 2017

This chapter discusses the development of improved citizen services taking into consideration integration of agent-based modelling and simulation experience into conceiving, design and implementation activities with a strong focus on technology enabled service systems. Service design is formalized here towards the integration of customer experience, validated through service interaction modelling. Integration of user experience at design stage in the value co-creation process is a possible immediate evolution direction of projects in the Smarter Cities perspective. Guidelines for integrating a modelling and simulation perspective in service design are presented along with the Socio-Technical Systems Engineering process. The case study presented here is dedicated to Smart Transport. The chapter opens a larger discussion on specific research directions and knowledge transfer related to Smart Transport as highlighted in EU projects.
LiftingDoneRight
Authors: Zhao Wenbing , Lun Roanna , Gordon Connor , Fofana Abou-Bakar M. , Espy Deborah D , Reinthal Ann , Ekelman Beth , Goodman Glenn D , Niederriter Joan E , Luo Chaomin , Luo Xiong
Published: January 2017

This article describes the design and implementation of LiftingDoneRight, a novel system for healthcare professionals to enhance their compliance with best practices and regulations regarding proper body mechanics for lifting and pulling activities. The system uses Microsoft Kinect to track the motion of consented users non-intrusively. The system relies on the use of a smartwatch to deliver an alert via vibration and text display whenever a wrong activity that violated the proper body mechanics has been detected. A core contribution of this study is a registration mechanism for a healthcare professional to explicitly give permission to the system to monitor his or her activities. Furthermore, a non-intrusive biometrics-based single sign-on mechanism is incorporated into the system to allow a user to be automatically identified for tracking as long as the user has manually registered with the system before. Finally, the system offers a number of configurations to accommodate different usability needs and privacy requirements.
Orchid weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Canada
Authors: Prena Jens
Published: January 2017

The study presents information about the taxonomy, natural history, and distribution of orchid weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Canada. Native areStethobaris ovata(LeConte, 1869) (=S. congermanaCasey, 1892restored synonymy;=S. convergensCasey, 1920new synonymy),S. incomptaCasey, 1892 (=S. commixtaBlatchley, 1916new synonymy), andS. sacajaweaePrena,new species, with all of them also being present in the adjacent temperate zone of the United States of America.Orchidophilus aterrimus(Waterhouse, 1874) andS. laevimargo(Champion, 1916) have been found on imported orchid cultivars but did not become established in natural habitats.
Dynamic subgrid heterogeneity of convective cloud in a global model: description and evaluation of the Convective Cloud Field Model (CCFM) in ECHAM6–HAM2
Authors: Kipling Zak , Stier Philip , Labbouz Laurent , Wagner Till
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The Convective Cloud Field Model (CCFM) attempts to address some of the shortcomings of both the commonly used bulk mass-flux parameterisations and those using a prescribed spectrum of clouds. By considering the cloud spectrum as a competitive system in which cloud types interact through their environment in competition for convective available potential energy (CAPE), the spectrum is able to respond dynamically to changes in the environment. An explicit Lagrangian entraining plume model for each cloud type allows for the representation of convective-cloud microphysics, paving the way for the study of aerosol–convection interactions at the global scale where their impact remains highly uncertain. In this paper, we introduce a new treatment of convective triggering, extending the entraining plume model below cloud base to explicitly represent the unsaturated thermals which initiate convection. This allows for a realistic vertical velocity to develop at cloud base, so that the cloud microphysics can begin with physically based activation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). We evaluate this new version of CCFM in the context of the global model ECHAM6–HAM, comparing its performance to the standard Tiedtke–Nordeng parameterisation used in that model. We find that the spatio-temporal distribution of precipitation is improved, both against a climatology from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) and also against diurnal cycles from the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) with a reduced tendency for precipitation to peak too early in the afternoon. Cloud cover is quite sensitive to the vertical level from which the dry convection is initiated, but when this is chosen appropriately the cloud cover compares well with that from Tiedtke–Nordeng. CCFM can thus perform as well as, or better than, the standard scheme while providing additional capabilities to represent convective-cloud microphysics and dynamic cloud morphology at the global scale.
Using ERA-Interim Reanalysis output for creating datasets of energy-relevant climate variables
Authors: Jones Philip D. , Harpham Colin , Troccoli Alberto , Gschwind Benoit , Ranchin Thierry , Wald Lucien , Goodess Clare M. , Dorling Stephen
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The construction of a bias-adjusted dataset of climate variables at the near surface using ERA-Interim Reanalysis is presented. A number of different bias-adjustment approaches have been proposed. Here we modify the parameters of different distributions (depending on the variable), adjusting those calculated from ERA-Interim to those based on gridded station or direct station observations. The variables are air temperature, dewpoint temperature, precipitation (daily only), solar radiation, wind speed and relative humidity, available at either 3 or 6 h timescales over the period 1979-2014. This dataset is available to anyone through the Climate Data Store (CDS) of the Copernicus Climate Change Data Store (C3S), and can be accessed at present from (ftp://ecem.climate.copernicus.eu). The benefit of performing bias-adjustment is demonstrated by comparing initial and bias-adjusted ERA-Interim data against observations.
Variational assimilation of land surface temperature within the ORCHIDEE Land Surface Model Version 1.2.6
Authors: Benavides Pinjosovsky Hector Simon , Thiria Sylvie , Ottlé Catherine , Brajard Julien , Badran Fouad , Maugis Pascal
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The SECHIBA module of the ORCHIDEE land surface model describes the exchanges of water and energy between the surface and the atmosphere. In the present paper, the adjoint semi-generator software called YAO was used as a framework to implement a 4D-VAR assimilation scheme of observations in SECHIBA. The objective was to deliver the adjoint model of SECHIBA (SECHIBA-YAO) obtained with YAO to provide an opportunity for scientists and end users to perform their own assimilation. SECHIBA-YAO allows the control of the 11 most influential internal parameters of the soil water content, by observing the land surface temperature or remote sensing data such as the brightness temperature. The paper presents the fundamental principles of the 4D-VAR assimilation, the semi-generator software YAO and a large number of experiments showing the accuracy of the adjoint code in different conditions (sites, PFTs, seasons). In addition, a distributed version is available in the case for which only the land surface temperature is observed.
Analysis of the Nexus between Trade Liberalization and Economic Growth: A Panel Study Of Brics Countries
Authors: Peasah Nana Asimeng , John Barnes Evans
Published: January 2017

BRICS countries forms a heterogeneous alliance. Their economic and political influence differ. They are distinguished by the outstanding size of their economies; strong growth rates and demand for stronger voice in the international governance and world economies. It is evident that BRICS have opened up their economies more than any other emerging economies. What is not clear to observers, is the extent to which international trade has contributed to the economies of these countries. The study therefore, seek to analyze the causal relationship between trade liberalization and economic growth among BRICS EconomiesThe study used a balanced panel data of the five BRICS Countries, (Brazil. Russia federation, India china and South Africa). For a period spanning from 1990 to 2014.Using a static fixed effect model and a dynamic panel of the Arrelano-Bond approach to GMM we estimate the dynamic impact of trade liberalization on Economic Growth, we found that under both the static and dynamic model, trade liberalization (proxy by TO) was found to exert positive and significant impact on economic growth rate.It is suggested that developing countries that want to follow the path of BRICS economies to economic recognition should consider developing internal institutions that leads to a greater trade openness (liberalization).
XRCC1 Arg399Gln Gene Polymorphism and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk in the Italian Population
Authors: Santonocito Concetta , Scapaticci Margherita , Nedovic Bojan , Annicchiarico Eleonora B. , Guarino Donatella , Leoncini Emanuele , Boccia Stefania , Gasbarrini Antonio , Capoluongo Ettore
Published: January 2017

Background

The human X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 ( XRCC1) gene encodes for one of the major repair factors involved in base excision repair (BER), which is reported to be associated with the risk of several cancers. A few studies have explored the association between risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in different DNA repair genes, with contradictory results. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism and susceptibility to HCC.

Methods

A total of 89 HCC patients and 99 randomly selected healthy controls were enrolled. Genotyping of XRCC1 rs25487 was performed by high-resolution melting analysis and Sanger sequencing.

Results

On univariate analysis, a statistically significant association was found between risk of HCC and XRCC1 399Arg/Gln genotype (odd ratio [OR] = 1.88; 95% CI, 1.04-3.43), which was confirmed after adjusting by sex (OR = 1.94; 95% CI, 1.04-3.63). Although not significant, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a decreased median survival in Arg/Gln genotype carriers in comparison with Arg/Arg carriers.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting an association between BER SNP and HCC risk in a population of central-southern Italy.
Hyperglycemia is Associated with Poor Survival in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Patients
Authors: Debata Ayumi , Yoshida Koichi , Ujifuku Kenta , Yasui Haruna , Kamada Kensaku , Niino Daisuke , Matsuo Takayuki
Published: January 2017

Purpose

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and it has been postulated that metabolic disorder may contribute to NHL etiology. We retrospectively investigated the prognostic significance of hyperglycemia in patients with PCNSL. We evaluated glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) expression by immunohistochemistry and analyzed its association with hyperglycemia and survival.

Methods

The medical and neuroradiologic records of 50 patients with PCNSL at our institution over the past 15 years were analyzed. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on mean fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels: normal (<110 mg/dL), prediabetes (110-125 mg/dL), and diabetes (≥126 mg/dL). We defined prediabetes and diabetes groups as hyperglycemia.

Results

Forty-four percent of patients were in the prediabetes and diabetes groups. One-year survival rates were 73%, 66%, and 43% in normal, prediabetes, and diabetes groups, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that high age, female sex, poor performance status, high mean FPG, and monotherapy were associated with shorter survival. Multivariable Cox regression analyses showed that high mean FPG and monotherapy were significant predictors of shorter survival (p = 0.036 and p = 0.000, respectively). The GLUT1 immunohistopathologic staining was performed in 34 cases, 20 of which (58%) showed variable levels of GLUT1 expression at the cell membrane and/or cytoplasm. Prediabetes and diabetes groups had a higher percentage of GLUT1-positive cells compared with the normal group (p = 0.015).

Conclusions

These findings indicate that hyperglycemia is associated with poor survival. The putative biological mechanism might involve differential GLUT1 expression between hyperglycemic and normal states in patients with PCNSL.
A Primeira República Portuguesa recria o Ministério da Instrução Pública: um esforço de aproximação aos sistemas escolares europeus
Authors: Silva Carlos Manique da
Published: January 2017

No presente artigo procuro perceber em que medida a existência de um ministério próprio, no fundo, de uma estrutura administrativa fortemente centralizada para a gestão da escola, contribuiu nos anos subsequentes a 1913 (data de reinstituição definitiva do Ministério da Instrução Pública) e até sensivelmente ao final da Primeira República portuguesa (1926), para a aproximação aos sistemas escolares europeus. Num primeiro momento, analiso os projetos-leis discutidos na Câmara de Deputados e no Senado a respeito da mencionada reinstituição. Posteriormente identifico algumas estratégias/medidas adotadas na esfera do Ministério da Instrução Pública, designadamente as que visam renovar o sistema educativo português no sentido de o tornar comparável ao de alguns países europeus. Concluo que, nesse período histórico, marcado por grande instabilidade política, a existência de um órgão central de coordenação do sistema educativo não se traduziu em maior capacidade para desenvolver de forma coerente dinâmicas inovadoras.  The portuguese first republic brings back the ministry of public instruction: an aproaching effort to the european school systems. The aim of this article is to understand how, the existence of a separate ministry, that is, a highly centralized administrative structure for the school management, contributed in the years after 1913 (date of final reinstitution of the Min-istry of Public Instruction), nearly to the end of the First Portuguese Republic (1926), for the approach to European school systems. At first, I analyse the project-laws discussed in the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the above mentioned reinstatement. Later, I analyse some strategies / measures adopted in the sphere of the Ministry of Public Instruction, those that aimed reviving the Portuguese education system in order to make it similar to some European countries. I conclude that, in this historical period marked by great political instability, the existence of a central structure to coordinate the education system has not translated into greater capacity to develop consistently innovative dynamics. Keywords: Ministry of Public Education; Portugal; First Portuguese Republic; Pedagogical trips.
A jovem normalista que fui, a professora que fui: inserção profissional feminina através de memórias de normalistas
Authors: Martins Raquel Silveira
Published: January 2017

Esse artigo busca apresentar os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre a escolha do magistério como forma de inserção profissional de normalistas que frequentaram a Escola Normal Nossa Senhora de Oliveira, na cidade Oliveira, no  Centro-Oeste de Minas Gerais, entre os anos 1971 e 1974. Nesse sentido, as ideias que permeiam esse esboço vão ao encontro das concepções e conceitos sobre a mulher-professora, a formação de professores, em especial para o antigo ensino primário, e a história da educação em Minas Gerais. A metodologia utilizada é concernente à pesquisa narrativa e os dados terão como fonte principal narrativas orais de formandas da referida escola normal no período assinalado.The young normalist I was, the teacher I was: female professional insertion through normalist memories. This article aims to present research results on the choice of teaching as a form of professional insertion for normalistas who attended the Normal School of Our Lady of Oliveira, Oliveira city, Midwest of Minas Gerais, between 1971 and 1974. In this sense, the ideas that pervade this outline will meet the ideas and concepts of the woman - teacher, teacher training, especially for the old primary school, and the history of education in Minas Gerais. The methodology used is concerning the narrative research and data will have as the main source of oral narratives trainees said normal school in the indicated period. Keywords: Normalists; Feminization; Teacher school; Narrative research.
The association of male pattern baldness and risk of cancer and high-grade disease among men presenting for prostate biopsy
Authors: Al Edawn Ghazi , Bhindi Bimal , Margel David , Chadwick Karen , Finelli Antonio , Zlotta Alexandre , Trachtenberg John , Fleshner Neil
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Androgens have been implicated in both male pattern baldness (MPB) and prostate cancer (PCa). We set out to prospectively determine if men with independently assessed MPB are at higher risk for PCa at biopsy and determine if any grade associations exist.Methods: We prospectively enrolled 394 eligible patients presenting for prostate biopsy and independently determined their MPB pattern using the validated modified Norwood classification system(0: no balding; 1: frontal balding; 2: mild vertex balding; 3: moderate vertex balding; 4: sever vertex balding). Univariate and multivariable models, including Norwood score, age, prostate-specific antigen, and digital rectal examination abnormalities, were calculated for the outcomes of cancer and high-grade disease (Gleason >6). C-statistics analyses of our models were then compared with and without MPB pattern for marginal utility.Results: Norwood patterns were increasingly associated with cancer and high-grade disease with a dose-effect (p for trend <0.001 on univariate and multivariable analyses for cancer and p=0.001 andp=0.0036 for high-grade disease on univariate and multivariable analyses, respectively). On multivariable analyses, trends still held, with all patients exhibiting Norwood scale 3 and 4 at increased risk for cancer. In predicting risk of high-grade disease, only patients with Norwood pattern 4 exhibited an increased risk.Conclusions: MPB appears to be a strong and independent risk factor for both cancer and high-grade disease for men presenting for prostate biopsy. Ours could be superior to marketed costly genetic tests. Further research is needed to understand the biology behind this observation and to incorporate these findings into clinical decision-making.
Should surgeons control fluoroscopy during urology procedures?
Authors: Setterfield Jeremy , Watterson James , Playfair Mathew , Lavallée Luke T. , Roberts Matthew , Blew Brian , Oake J. Stuart
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Our study explored the impact of switching from surgeon- to radiation technologist (RT)-controlled fluoroscopy on fluoroscopy and operative times. We also identified factors impacting fluoroscopy and operative times for ureteroscopy (URS) with laser lithotripsy.Methods: Patients undergoing urological procedures requiring fluoroscopy six months before and after the change from surgeonto RT-controlled fluoroscopy were identified. Median fluoroscopy and operative times were compared between cohorts. Subgroup analyses were performed based on procedure performed. A multivariate analysis identified factors associated with increased fluoroscopy and operative times for URS with laser lithotripsy.Results: Overall, no difference was found between surgeon and RT cohorts for fluoroscopy (58.0 vs. 56.7 seconds; p=0.34) or operative times (39 vs. 36 minutes; p=0.14). For URS with laserlithotripsy, fluoroscopy and operative times were longer in the surgeon-controlled cohort (76.0 vs. 54.0 seconds; p<0.01 and 48 vs. 40 minutes; p<0.01, respectively). For URS only, fluoroscopy time was decreased in the surgeon-controlled cohort (47.0 vs. 73.0 seconds; p=0.01). For URS with laser lithotripsy, factors independently associated with increased fluoroscopy time were male sex, flexible URS, glidewire use, and difficult ureteric stent insertion (p<0.05). Flexible ureteroscopy, glidewire use, previous ureteric stent placement, and difficult ureteric stent insertion were independently associated with increased operative time (p<0.05).Conclusions: Fluoroscopy and operative times are not significantly influenced by who controls fluoroscopy during urologic procedures. Patients undergoing URS with laser lithotripsy have decreasedfluoroscopy and operative times with RT-controlled fluoroscopy. Patients undergoing URS only have decreased fluoroscopy times with surgeon-controlled fluoroscopy.
The impact of prior urethral sling on artificial urinary sphincter outcomes
Authors: Ziegelmann Matthew J. , Linder Brian J. , Rivera Marcelino E. , Viers Boyd R. , Elliott Daniel S.
Published: January 2017

Introduction: We sought to evaluate device outcomes in men who underwent primary artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) placement after failed male urethral sling (MUS).Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of 990 men who underwent an AUS procedure between 2003 and 2014. Of these, 540 were primary AUS placements, including 30 (5.5%) with a history of MUS. AUS revisions and explantations were compared between men stratified by the presence of prior sling. Hazard ratios (HR) adjusting for competing risks were used to determine the association with prior sling and AUS outcomes (infection/ erosion, urethral atrophy, and mechanical malfunction), while overall device failure was estimated using Kaplan-Meier and Coxregression analysis.Results: There was no significant difference in age, body mass index, prior prostatectomy, or pelvic radiation when stratified by history of MUS. However, patients with a history of MUS were more likely to have undergone prior collagen injection (p=0.01). On univariate and multivariate analysis, prior MUS was not associated with device failure (HR 1.54; p=0.27). Three-year overall device survival did not significantly differ between those with and without prior MUS (70% vs. 85%; p=0.21). Also, there were no significant differences in the incidence of device infection/erosion, mechanical malfunction, and urethral atrophy.Conclusions: AUS remains a viable treatment option for men with persistent or recurrent stress urinary incontinence after MUS. However, while not statistically significant, we identified a trend towards lower three-year device outcomes in patients with prior urethral sling. These findings indicate the need for longer-term studies to determine if slings pose an increased hazard.
Kidney cancer, ESMO 2016
Authors: Kapoor Anil
Published: January 2017

N/A
The next 10 years: Challenges for the future and overcoming resistance to targeted therapies for renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Heng Daniel Y.C.
Published: January 2017

The introduction of targeted therapies over the past 10 years revolutionized the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). The next 10 years hold promise for even greater expansion of the therapeutic armamentarium for mRCC. A number of recently completed and ongoing trials have explored the use of antivascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors in the adjuvant setting, the use of predictive biomarkers to guide personalized medicine, as well as new systemic treatments and combination therapies for mRCC.
Sunitinib toxicity management – a practical approach
Authors: Sehdev Sandeep
Published: January 2017

This article summarizes the adverse events (AEs) of sunitinib that are commonly encountered in a community oncology practice, and provides practical recommendations for their management based on the available literature and on the author’s own experience.
Antineoplastons A10 and AS2-1 in the Treatment of Children with Optic Pathway Glioma: Final Report for Protocol BT-23
Authors: Burzynski Stanislaw R. , Janicki Tomasz J. , Burzynski Gregory S.
Published: January 2017

Protocol BT-23, a Phase II study, was performed to determine the efficacy and safety of combination Antineoplaston A10 and Antineoplaston AS2-1 (ANP) in children with an optic pathway glioma (OPG). Sixteen patients (12 males, 4 females) ages 1 to 16 years (median age 4.5 years) were treated. The patients received ANP, by intravenous infusion, six times daily (i.e., every four hours). The length of treatment extended from a minimum of 4.1 weeks to a maximum of 210.0 weeks. The median dosage of A10 was 8.07 g/kg/d while for AS2-1 itwas 0.39 g/kg/d.Patients’ best response to ANP was determined: 12.5% of this patient population achieved a complete response, 18.8% achieved a partial response, and 31.3% maintained stable disease. The median overall survival was 78.5 months (95% CI: 37.6-92.3) while median progression-free survival was 45.4 months (95% CI: 7.1-71.4). ANPwas associated with a12% incidence of Grade 3 and a12% incidence of Grade 4 adverse drug experiences (ADEs). There were no Grade 5 ADEs. Grade 3 ADEs included somnolence and elevated SGOT; Grade 4 ADEsincluded hypernatremia and hypokalemia. Long-term quality of life was excellent with no chronic toxicity identified. Children with an OPG respond very well to ANP with good efficacy and toxicity profiles.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 9, No. 1
Authors: Grey Erica
Published: January 2017

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2017.
Structural Model Development: Branches, Attitudes and Self-Effıcacy of Pedagogical Formation Program Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Sivaci Sadik Yuksel
Published: January 2017

In this study, the relationship between attitudes of pedagogical formation program pre-service teachers towards teaching profession and their self-efficacies has been examined. In this case, the effect of graduation branches of the pre-service teachers on teacher self-efficacies and the effect of teacher self-efficacies on attitudes towards teaching profession have been investigated. From this aspect, this research has the characteristics of causal-comparative research. Being suitable for the purpose of this research, it has been carried out with 300 pre-service teachers registered to pedagogical formation training certificate program at a state university in Turkey. Being conducted on pre-service teachers and established scaling models incidental to “Attitude Scale towards Teaching Profession” and “Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale” has been confirmed and the conformity index values obtained from the scaling model have shown good conformity. It is also seen that the structural equation model which is established in order to test the effect of branches on teacher self-efficacies and the effect of teacher self-efficacies on attitudes towards teaching profession has been confirmed and conformity index values have shown good conformity.
De rol van sociale media bij rampen en (mini)crises
Authors: van Duin Menno , Wijkhuijs Vina , Eberg Jan
Published: January 2017

The influence of social media during crises

Professionals dealing with crises are more or less forced to a next level of crisis communication and crisis management. This is because of the influence of social media. Messages on Twitter, Facebook and other social media can have a significant impact on the course of developments during a crisis. Sometimes in a positive way, when help is mobilized quickly and people can be informed almost instantly. On other occasions the impact is more negative, when for instance rumors lead to false accusations or threats. In the past several years, crisis management authorities have built up more experience with the use and application of social media and monitoring tools. There are still cases where officials and professionals are taken by surprise because of the shift stream of messages and their impact on public opinion and crisis control. But also lessons have been learned, e.g. in terms of online and offline reactions, cooperation with the public, and rumor control.

This article gives an overview of research results in literature and summarizes the outcomes of a case study research project.