bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research of features of structure formation in case of surface steel hardening
Authors: Safonov E N
Published: November 2020

The geometric characteristics, microhardness and features of structure formation were studied in the heat-affected zone during the surface hardening of 09Г2, 20ФЛ, 45XHM, 65Г steels with direct current electric arc in argon. It is shown that the depth of zone with thermally modified structure is 0.7–1.2 mm with a tendency to decrease at maximum values of arc speed. Reheating of previously formed local hardening zone is accompanied by certain decrease in surface hardness, however, by changing the overlapping, the hardness of treated surface can be optimized with achieving of formation of regular structure. A regular gradient structure with periodically changing phase composition and microhardness is formed in the surface layer of steel that has been thermally treated with an electric arc. By changing the parameters of the processing conditions (electric arc current, speed of its movement, overlap of local hardening zones), it is possible to purposefully form a certain structural-phase state of the steel surface with properties that meet the operating conditions.
Sulfur partition by process stages of metallurgical production of JSC EVRAZ NTMK
Authors: Savelyev M V , Sheshukov O Yu , Metelkin A A , Shevchenko O I , Tkachev A S , Shmakov S V
Published: November 2020

The current level of development of the industry requires the manufacture of steel with high purity in relation to detrimental impurities. Sulfur is one of such impurities that significantly reduces the service properties, the content of which is strictly regulated in the finished product. Deep desulfurization may be achieved through development of cross-cutting technology of metal production as a single process including agglomeration and blast-furnace process and steelmaking. Sulfur partition by metallurgical process stages via conversion from raw materials of the blast-furnace process to steel continuously cast blank is studied in this work. It is shown that removal of sulfur from the half-finished product at the desulfurization plant will not provide the required sulfur content (less than 0.005 %) in the steel ingot. It is determined that the activity plan comprising treatment of the half-finished product at the desulfurization plant, smelting in the converter, treatment of steel at the ladle furnace unit and then in the vacuum vessel is required to obtain the final content of sulfur of less than 0.005%.
Calculation of sulfur removal in ladle furnace unit by means of ionic theory of slags
Authors: Savelyev M V , Sheshukov O Yu , Metelkin A A , Shevchenko O I , Egiazar’yan D K
Published: November 2020

This article describes issues of sulfur removal in ladle furnace unit. First of all, metal desulfurization in ladle steel treatment units is achieved due to transition of sulfur to the slag phase. Coefficient of partition of sulfur between metal and slag is affected by sulfide capacity of slag, coefficient of activity of sulfur in the metal, oxidation potential of medium and reaction equilibrium constant of partition of sulfur between metal and slag. Temperature of liquid state in the ladle has significant impact on sulfide capacity of slag. Proposed calculation procedure based on provisions of ionic structure of slags allows evaluating a concentration of sulfur in steel on the basis of determination of coefficient of its partition between metal and slag. Optical basicity is suggested as criterion of refining property of slag, it has been shown that the amphoteric oxide Al2O3 is essential to calculation of this indicator. Its impact on sulfide capacity of slag is detected.
Research into in-service deterioration of ball-rolling rolls
Authors: Rubcov V Ju , Shevchenko O I , Spirina A S , Pankova N A
Published: November 2020

This work features research findings on causes of deterioration occurring in ball-rolling rolls. The causes of such deterioration may originate not only in the excessive loads application and the use of bottleneck operating parameters but also in the specific process being implemented and the equipment used to heat-treat the rolling rolls. The deterioration occurring in roll flanges having a relatively small thickness was used to demonstrate that, to prevent the deterioration of ball-rolling roll flanges, the mill design must accommodate the minimum allowable flange widths obtained as a function of maximum allowable loads and the roll pass calculations. The next example of roll deterioration involved the use of a gas furnace to implement the heating stage of the quench hardening process for rolls made of 35KhGSA steel, which, as a result, developed roll deterioration. The use of rolls of the same steel grade, which were heat-treated in an arc furnace prior to being quenched, has been shown to deliver long-lasting positive results evidenced by many years of their operation. Rolls made of 5KhNM steel have also been shown to respond well to the heat treatment preceding the quenching process, but this time, the treatment was implemented in a gas furnace.
Ultrasound effect on electrospark cementation process
Authors: Shevchenko O I
Published: November 2020

The process of carburizing is well-studied and is one of the traditional processes of the thermochemical treatment of steel. The process has disadvantages such as high energy consumption, long exposure time, complicated processing of large products and surfaces. Electrospark deposition with a carbon electrode is proposed as an alternative process. The carburizing extent and the working layer depth can be increased when the process is used in the ultrasonic vibration field. A resonant vibration introducing circuit with a standing wave generated in the specimen tested is implemented to identify the influence of specific ultrasonic wave areas on the hardened layer formed. The highest carbon saturation of the surface layer was found in the standing ultrasonic wave oscillation node area, where cyclic stretching and compression of the medium contribute to the excess phases release. The carbon in the martensite estimated by the c/a ratio was 0.78% by weight. The highest cementite layer depth and transition zone size are in the ultrasonic wave antinode area, where the highest dynamic medium particles displacement is observed under the influence of vibrations. It is shown that the base metal structure component dispersiveness is responsible for the increased hardened layer depth.
Raising of energy efficiency of thermal performance of layered metallurgical units using layered type of natural gas combustion
Authors: Matyukhin V I , Matyukhina A V , Dudko V A
Published: November 2020

While heating lump materials there are some difficulties such as poorly organized process of grate firing, conditions deterioration of gas-air mixture creation, limited discharge of combustion products out of a layer due to additional aerodynamic drag occurrence when gases flow. Grate firing of gaseous fuel can be completed in a dense layer of lump materials which have different chemical composition and particle-size distribution. To do this, it is necessary to provide formation of high-temperature area and complete thermal generation process directly between separate elements of treated materials. It allows providing specified temperature-time conditions of heat treatment of the different layer sections. Also, it is required to limit the direct contact of the high temperature zones with external boundaries of the unit smelting chamber and environment for increasing reliability and effectiveness. In this paper, we present existent heat-exchange schemes in grate process units during the heat treatment of lump materials. An ability of grate firing of gaseous fuel while organizing a delivery of prepared gas-air mixture into a dense layer or separate tuyer gas and air supply with separate flows is shown. Usage of indicated ways of feeding allows decreasing energy demands and improving quality of products delivered.
Use of temporary gas flow to improve the efficiency of metallurgical units operation
Authors: Matyukhin V I , Matyukhina A V , Zhuravlyov S Ya , Yamshanova N V
Published: November 2020

This paper presents the results of industrial tests on dust deposition due to the use of an unsteady gas flow. JSC SUMZ (Revda) applied the technology with the use of acoustic radiators to organize in-furnace dust deposition at Vanyukov furnace. The design of the radiator included a nozzle pipe, air nozzle, resonator and focusing surface. Based on the surface area of the furnace molten pool and recommended specific acoustic power values for in-furnace dust condensing, the total acoustic field sound power was calculated. The optimal number and location of acoustic radiators was determined. The analysis of the data of industrial tests of the use of the acoustic field energy in the working space of the PZhV, as well as the results of tests on the converter No. 2 of JSC ‘SUMZ’, the cyclone of the firing multi-hearth furnace of JSC ‘SVYATOGOR’, the dust chamber of the Waelz furnace and cleaning of the heat exchange surfaces of the boiler on waste gases (JSC ‘Chelyabinsk Zinc Plant’).
Development of radial-shear rolling mill special stands for continuous cast billets deformation
Authors: Iskhakov R V , Gamin Yu V , Kadach M V , Budnikov A S
Published: November 2020

The article offers the structure of the three-roll stand for radial-shear rolling that is designed to deformation of continuous cast billets. The stand can be installed in the pipe rolling mill manufacturing line that shall ensure manufacturing flexibility. To achieve the objective set, elaboration of working rolls integration with the drive as well as verification against the allowable torque and strength calculations in SolidWorks Simulation were performed at the design stage. For the major part of the frame, stresses do not exceed 60 MPa and the design rigidity rate will be 2.86 MN/mm. The special stand has a specific frame structure to ensure its mounting on the existing equipment base. The configuration of rolls sets is selected considering the possibility of integration with the spindle assemblies of the group drive and maximum allowable cross angle (≤ 15°). The developed design proves to have sufficient strength margin with the relatively small weight. The special radial-shear rolling mill stand will allow increasing total strain degree and reducing the number of billets sizes.
Determination of cutting forces based on DMG MORI CTX300 ecoline CNC lathe drive power data
Authors: Starostin A P , Elkind D M
Published: November 2020

Modern machine building needs demand for machines and control systems which provide higher accuracy of machining. For this purpose, setup methods are being researched and accuracy of machines and devices is being improved. The main topic of this paper is a tool path predistortion system which is necessary for improvement of shaft turning accuracy when a steady rest cannot be used on a CNC machines. Calculation of such tool path requires one to know the cutting force during turning on a CNC lathe. The research in question allowed to determine the dependence of cutting force during turning on the power consumed by the feed drive, cutting depth, cutting velocity, and feed value. An equation for further calculation applicable to a specific lathe in the turning process was derived. This equation serves as basis for adaptive turning of shafts and other parts with the aid of a mathematical model, which must account for the cutting force. Application of this formula in a CNC controlled lathe’s parametric program will provide for higher accuracy of turning without special devices.
Development of the identifier system of indicators for improving the information potential of the holding
Authors: Dolzhenkova E V , Iurieva L V
Published: November 2020

The article presents the system of competitively-balanced indicators, which makes it possible to assess different spheres of activity of industrial enterprises of the holding for the purpose of improving its information potential. In order to manage metallurgical holding activities, it is proposed to combine accounting and analytical procedures used for strategic decision-making aimed at information potential increasing. For this purpose, the authors’ identifier system of indicators includes three blocks: strategic, operational and tactical. When classifying indicators according to the management levels, the following points are taken into account: preliminary analysis of the structural elements in each indicator, consideration of triggers, need for expert assessment. Basing on values dynamics, the results of the calculations make it possible to identify positive trends for some enterprises and negative trends for other enterprises of the holding. They also help to determine the reasons for the increase or decrease of the integral evaluation of one metallurgical enterprise compared to another. All these increases the efficiency of strategic decision-making in the holding management. Besides, the proposed model gives the possibility for determining the assumptions for its implementation in each metallurgical enterprise, thereby increasing the information potential of the entire holding.
Ejector jet mill with external pressure
Authors: Barakovskikh D S , Shishkin S F
Published: November 2020

Jet mills are used to produce fine products in many industries. Spiral jet mills and fluidized bed jet mills are widely used. They differ in that the destruction of particles occurs as a result of the abrasion process. The use of impact ejector jet mills is limited by a relatively low consumable concentration of material. When the consumable concentration of the material increases the acceleration speed of particles and the material grinding degree decrease. To eliminate this disadvantage a new method and design of an ejector jet mill for fine grinding of bulk materials has been developed (patent of Russian Federation No. 2711252). The technological process occurs at excessive external pressure of the ejected gas. It is shown that it is feasible to increase the pressure at the beginning of the acceleration tube when the pressures ratio of the working and secondary gas is higher than the critical one. It increases the consumption concentration of bulk material and the acceleration speed of crushed particles. This allows reducing the specific energy consumption and increasing the grinding degree. Experimental studies have confirmed an increase in the consumption concentration by 1.6–1.9 times and an increase in the grinding degree by 1.3–1.7 times compared to a typical ejector jet mill.
Development of tool selection process for milling of pocket features
Authors: Gordeeva T A , Kugaevskii S S , Starostin A P
Published: November 2020

In modern production, three-dimensional modeling of workpieces has become a logical stage in the development of the technological process. Engineering analysis, process design, CNC mill tool path design, final inspection of products and other aspects are done basing on 3D models and have become the norm in the manufacturing industry. This research aimed at deriving mathematical tools which could be used in the process of CAM software development and modernization. Structural and process related elements can be automatically recognized on the basis of a 3D model. English literature refers to such elements as features. A set of parameters necessary for the description of a pocket design feature characteristics was reviewed. Available process solutions for CNC machining of said feature were analyzed. Special attention was given to selection of the roughing and finishing mills, as well as roughing and finishing cut strategy development. A tool parameter selection algorithm was developed for CNC milling of a pocket feature.
Development of super-professional competencies of the production personnel in the context of university supplementary education programs
Authors: Myslyakova Yu G , Kurashova M V
Published: November 2020

In the article, the authors explore development of super-professional competencies of the production personnel of enterprises of the military-industrial complex. Here are the most popular supplementary education programs implemented by UrFU and UrGEU and ensuring formation of professional and super-professional competencies effectiveness of which ensures competitive ability of employees and ability of enterprises themselves to switch over to the neo-industrial way of their development. Authors also suggested an express-method of assessing a quality of development of super-professional competencies of personnel in the context of universities. This method has been tested at production personnel of the enterprises of JSC EVRAZ NTMK and JSC ‘Research and production corporation ‘UralVagonZavod’ who listened to supplementary education programs. Results that have been received confirm necessity of creation of centers of supplementary vocational education expanding implementation of spectrum of competence-based university programs for development of super-professional competencies of the production personnel of enterprises of the military-industrial complex.
To the issue of transformation of ‘old industrial area’ geobrand through example of Sverdlovsk Region
Authors: Myslyakova Yu G , Kurashova M V , Shcherbinin M M
Published: November 2020

The authors of the article present the results of theoretical and methodological review of term ‘old industrial area’, in the result of which its features and identical problems of functioning were identified. Similarity of such regions is demonstrated in correlation of economic downfall with level of social strain; difficulty of industrial fields transformation; disinclination to accessibility of innovations; imperfection of financial institutions and problems of industrial heritage valorization. Transformation of ‘old industrial area’ is considered through example of Sverdlovsk Region. The authors defined several directions of its implementation and explained geotransformation of the considered region from a historically developed image of a ‘state stronghold’ to the image of developing region with modern capital acquiring features of international metropolitan city. The article describes formation of new dynamically developing image of ‘capital area’ for Sverdlovsk Region having innovative path of evolution in terms of ability to engage young people both from different parts of Russia and various countries. Taking into account a number of facts it is also the evidence that intensification of trend of migration to the capital of Sverdlovsk Region for educational reasons is directly related to its image of a big city.
Role of management of industrial enterprises in formation of labor migration trend in region
Authors: Kurashova M V , Nadeina Ye A , Myslyakova Yu G
Published: November 2020

In the article it is justified, that one of the options to solve the problem of increase of a labor migration trend of young population of a small mono-city or of a highly specialized city is integration of a talent management concept into a management system of its basic industrial enterprise. The body of evidence for this justification was composed by the results of the research of essence of notion ‘talent’ and its management features, as well as conclusions obtained in the course of survey of pupils of eleventh grades of schools in Nizhny Tagil, as well as of students of technical schools and universities of this city. The following provisions have been determined as specific recommendations to reduce the migration outflow of young people: the concept of talent management at an industrial enterprise has not only corporate, but also territorial effectiveness in solving the socio-demographic problems of the city; it is necessary to minimize not so much labor as educational migration of the young population, since it has a transformational nature and a stable form of appearance; talent management programs shall be adapted to conditions of functioning of highly specialized cities.
Difficulties of succession pipeline in large industrial enterprises of Nizhny Tagil in studies of tendencies of competitiveness of higher technical education
Authors: Shcherbinin M M , Potanin V V , Chetverikov S E
Published: November 2020

There have been significant changes in the higher education system in Russia recently. The possibility to apply for post-secondary education to several universities according to the results of the Unified State Examination (USE) and the transition to the two-level structure of higher education have significantly changed the landscape of competitiveness not only between individual universities, but also between large cities, which have become centers of mass attraction of applicants and young specialists. The number of students studying federally funded has been decreasing over the years. As a result, regional universities suffer a shortage of applicants, while local industrial enterprises suffer a shortage of young qualified personnel. The described problems are fully demonstrated in the system of higher education and training of young engineering personnel for large industrial enterprises in Nizhny Tagil. The article reviews the results of the study on the motivational field of academic migration of young people from the Nizhny Tagil city, conducted in February-March 2020.
Informative modeling of subjective reality for intellectual anthropomorphic robots
Authors: Dolganov A G , Letnev K Y
Published: November 2020

This research is aimed at solving the problem of safeguarding robot operation by modeling the subjective reality of an intellectual anthropomorphic robot. Analysis has been carried out on trends in designing advanced robot control systems and methods of improving the safety of robot usage. The following conclusions are drawn: the risk of causing damage to human life, health or property increases when people interact with robots; it is necessary to combine neural network control systems with expert control systems in order to enhance the intellect of a robot and raise the level of trust held by humans towards robots; developing norms and regulations, designing collaborative robots, drawing visualization diagrams for safety zones cannot really provide the depth of robot socialization sufficient for the human society; an informative model of the subjective reality could be integrated into an intellectual anthropomorphic robot to provide a safer ‘human-robot’ interaction. Such an approach should result in achieving the greatest trust of humans and their safety due to anthropomorphic conversion of both the external design of a robot and its internal control structure. By its nature, the research is interdisciplinary – it is run in the fields of artificial intelligence and philosophy of subjective reality.
Arranging mining machinery systems in a single classification by the types of raw peat being extracted
Authors: Iakupov D R , Ivanov S L , Ivanova P V , Permyakova E K
Published: November 2020

The following article presents a single classification of peat extraction strategies, methods, mining machinery systems, and types of raw peat. It also defines types of connection established between blocks, modules and mining machines within an extraction system. We suggest nine main mining systems that include specialized blocks and modules. Given strategies (peat quarrying and surface layer extraction) utilize the following techniques – excavation, hydraulic extraction, loosening and auxiliary operations. Techniques of peat extraction are further divided into methods. Extraction techniques imply the division of structure of peat materials into five groups – cloddy, sod, and milled peat, slurry and secondary raw materials. It was the parameter of peat material structure that made it possible to link extraction methods with tools used for their realization. Systems of mining machinery were classified by the types of connection between blocks and modules – coordination, connection, and coupling. The next level of our classification includes functions of mining systems (extraction and processing, deposit preparation, drainage, extraction, recultivation, deposit maintenance, subordinate and auxiliary systems, and systems for product transportation). Blocks and modules linked by coordination, connection, and coupling form a mining system that is used within the whole process of peat extraction.
Reconditioning and hardening of mining equipment hydraulic cylinder working surfaces by using of double-electrode cladding
Authors: Zverev S I , Fiveyskii A M
Published: November 2020

For high-performance and high-quality reconditioning of the working surfaces of the hydraulic cylinders of mining equipment, technology is required that allows you to recondition the surface of the part that meets high requirements for accuracy of shape, hardness and roughness. There are several approaches to obtain the required properties. Comparative overview of the specifics of various approaches showed that arc cladding is the most effective and easiest way to recondition the geometric shape of a part applying to mining industry. It is interesting to obtain a weld metal with the structure of metastable austenite, which special properties allows to reach needed hardness and roughness of the cladded layer’s surface by subsequent surface rolling with plastic deformation. Unfortunately, to obtain the structure of metastable austenite it is needed low dilution rate of the base metal in the cladded metal, that is the reason to realize two layers cladding, which significantly reduces productivity of the method. In order to reduce the required number of cladded layers and obtain the structure of metastable austenite already in the first layer it could be applied multi-electrode processes – double-electrode cladding.
Patterns of form error inheritance during machining
Authors: Pegashkina E V
Published: November 2020

The paper studies modeling of quality parameters formation during machining on metal cutting machines. It was demonstrated that operational properties of parts are created not only at finishing operations, but rather formed throughout the entire technological process. At the same time, some characteristics and properties are inherited from operation to operation, i. e. copying of workpiece form errors to the machined part in the form of the same errors. The nonlinearity of the workpiece corresponds to the nonlinearity of the part. The extent of operational copying of nonlinearity (shaft surface runout in the middle section) was studied. A mathematical model of such error inheritance was developed with consideration of the nonlinear approximation of depth of cut variation along the workpiece circumference (per one revolution of the part). For existing tool materials, the exponent x at the cutting depth in the formula of the cutting force P is in the range of 0.7–0.9. As the depth of cut decreases, the refinement coefficient decreases. Therefore, when switching from rough operations (large cutting depths) to finishing (small cutting depths), the refinement coefficient becomes smaller.
The study of the influence of deviations of the arc energy parameters on the defects formation during automatic welding of pipelines
Authors: Filyakov A E , Sholokhov M A , Poloskov S I , Melnikov A Yu
Published: November 2020

Modern quality management systems for welding products are based on procedures to minimize the likelihood of typical defects. The reasons for deviations of the energy parameters of the welding process include disturbances along the length of the arc or its breaks associated with a spasmodic change in the electrode wire feed speed, violation of the power circuit with the welded product, mains voltage, and shielding gas consumption. To establish a connection between deviations of the welding parameters with the quality indicators of the welded joints, a model for the formation of a weld seam under the conditions of technological disturbances has been developed. It is shown that the formation of the crater depends not only on the duration of the arc break, but also on the welding parameters. It has been established that in the presence of lateral oscillation of the electrode, an arc break significantly increases the undercut, the maximum depth of which movesto the center of the groove to the cutting center as the break duration increases. Whereas an increase in the amplitude of lateral oscillation of the electrode causes a significant increase in the depth of the crater.
Application of double electrode welding as the way to increase welding productivity of fillet welds of bridge structures
Authors: Mosin A A , Sholokhov M A , Buzorina D S
Published: November 2020

One of the ways to solve the task to increase productivity and obtain an enlarged leg in one pass is the use of two-electrode submerged arc welding (welding with a split electrode). When testing this welding method with respect to welding bridge metal structures, it was found that the quality of the welded joints and the productivity of the process substantially depend on the positioning of the electrodes relative to the groove. However, for the effective implementation of this method, a comprehensive study of its functionality for welding of bridge metal structures is necessary to conduct. An effective tool in solving such problems is physical and mathematical modeling, which allows without running a large number of experiments to study the features of the formation of fillet welds. To carry out this analysis, we used the previously developed physical and mathematical model of weld formation in single-arc submerged arc welding, added a description of the spatial position of the split electrode relative to the joint and defined the distribution of the heat flux and pressure of the double arc. It was found that the location of the electrodes with the lagging arc on the web provides better weld formation.
Evaluation of the resulting quality level index for interregional passenger automobile transport
Authors: Epifanov V V , Obshivalkin M Y , Generalova (Lukon’kina) K A
Published: November 2020

In order to improve transport services for the population, it is necessary to study and analyze the information on the quality of transport services on the basis of gained experience and wishes of the passengers. This paper, basing on the normative and technical documentation and expert assessments, provides the rationale for the selection of quality indicators for interregional passenger automobile transport. Quality evaluation indexes are supposed to be simple for calculation and use; quality indexes are supposed to be formed in the way to judge the participation of carriers in the improvement of the quality of the transport process, i. e. to separate the qualities, which depend and do not depend on their activities. Indexes, developed on the basis of the standards’ requirements are used in this paper. Such approach in the management of interregional passenger transport can contribute to the quality improvement of interregional automobile transport services provided to the population. The results of statistical data processing of passengers’ questionnaires are also given here. The transport quality indexes were quantified through the passengers’ answers ranking, the evaluation of the interregional passenger automobile transport quality was carried out on the example of the Ulyanovsk State Technical University.
Modern concept analysis of failure modes and consequences for quality assurance of products and processes
Authors: Kalinin E V , Kalinina L L , Norkina O S
Published: November 2020

Human needs in certain types of products, in new goods and services are constantly developing, changing, clarifying. To meet these needs, new goods samples are being created, and the products are being improved. Production processes are being developed, new equipment, tools and techniques are being created. New technical solutions, new operations application as well asit execution methods can produce constructive errors and dangerous situations both during production and during its exploitation. The Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) allows to predict that product lifecycle processes can functioning not properly. FMEA helps ensure the products and processes quality at the earliest stages of it design. The American approach (AIAG – Automotive Industry Action Group) and the German approach (VDA – Verband der Automobilindustrie) have now been harmonized. In 2019, the FMEA Handbook was published, reflecting the new FMEA implementation concept. Experience has emerged with a new approach. The work considers the possibilities of applying a new approach in the conditions of Russian companies, which allows to find new technical solutions.
Advanced standard operating procedures for survey of buildings and structures of metallurgical production
Authors: Kuznetsov M S , Dubinina V G , Patrushev Yu V
Published: November 2020

This article presents modern methods for determination of the depth of various types of foundations at the metallurgical industry facilities. It was decided to use modern geophysical research methods, such as seismic exploration methods in order to solve the tasks for determination of depth of pile foundations and deep foundations under conditions of operating production metallurgical site. Geometric parameters of foundations can be measured using engineering seismic equipment, and three-component measurement data shall be processed by means of specific processing flow. The use of coherency procedures makes it possible to separate the dedicated phases of reflection from the foundation bottom in the wave pattern. Reproducibility of results of foundation bottom laying depth with actual depth was checked using engineering seismic recording systems by uncovering of foundation check pit-holes at the blast furnace complex facilities No. 7 of JSC EVRAZ NTMK. The measurement accuracy of pile foundations and spread foundations equal to 0.5 meters was achieved by means of seismic techniques as a result of the measurements conducted at the metallurgical production facilities.
Instrument ofthe work breakdown accounting in the high-tech production
Authors: Podoliak O O , Markova Yu N , Mineeva T A , Kuznetcova N A
Published: November 2020

At present, in mechanical engineering there is a tendency of small-scale production due to the peculiarities and requirements of the market. At the same time, machine-building enterprises have to account the costs of produced products accurately (both for the state defense order and for the open market). The problem of the product labor intensity calculation becomes urgent, as it is used as a basis for of the product full cost calculation. Taking into account the technology changes, equipment, peculiarities of production program formation (small or medium series), using the existing approaches, work norms manuals becomes impossible. The investigation presents an improved algorithm for the work norm calculating using for the main workers in the high-tech production. A feature of the proposed approach is taking into account the share of passive observation during the technological operations in conditions of small-scale production in the conditions of the high-tech production. The article presents the results of the proposed method testing. The approbation was realized at the industrial enterprise in the conditions of the small-scale production. Proposed algorithm for work norms calculation can be used in automation of labor rationing at the industrial enterprise.
Comparative analysis of cutting fluids
Authors: Ershova I V , Kalinina N E , Cherepanova E V , Fayskhanov D F
Published: November 2020

The article contains the results of seven working tests of cutting fluids for metal-cutting equipment. The results of the analysis were evaluated by experts, including process engineers, chemical engineers, foremen and production machine operators in the following areas: turning, drilling, milling, sawing, grinding, threading, boring works. The analysis made it possible to determine the scope of application of cutting fluids depending on the volume and rhythm of the work, the operating conditions of the cutting fluids, the requirements of the design and technological documentation taking into account the final cost of the cutting fluids used. The problem of determining an accelerated system of practical tests for cutting fluids to evaluate the effectiveness of using a particular product before conducting the production tests on machine equipment is considered. For this, criteria for evaluating the cutting fluids are proposed using the weighting method to ensure informed decision-making in the choice of a cutting fluid for admission to full-fledged production tests.
Problem of model usage in mechanical engineering
Authors: Pegashkin V F , Ignatova N U
Published: November 2020

The concept ‘model’ in mechanical engineering is analyzed. Some problems of model usage at the industrial enterprise are named: ontology of elements of difficult model system; difference between the description of the model in natural language and mathematical language; the problem of fitting objects. Design of new way of feedback between a paint robot and its operator based on the use of not only virtual, but also augmented reality, requires an appeal to the ontology of models or to philosophical discourse. The difference between model description in natural and artificial languages implies the application of a semantic approach. The problem of fitting objects during the model testing in mechanical engineering can be solved during testing. The authors argue that the use of an interdisciplinary approach in comprehending complex model systems, taking into account virtual and augmented realities, allows us to clarify the conditions for using virtual 3D models in mechanical engineering.
Marketing aspect in the ‘Value Engineering’ in the new products development of machine-building enterprises
Authors: Murukina A D , Tipner L M , Prilutskaya M A , Kalinina N A
Published: November 2020

The dynamism of the engineering products markets is determined by a high level of competition, frequent changes in technology. One of the key problems of Russian machine-building enterprises is the long term of development and putting the product into the production which leads to the fact that ‘yesterday’s product is launched on tomorrow’s markets’. So, we see an arising need for a fundamental change in the product development process by including future consumers in it and ensuring verification of the results at each stage, from the formation of the technical task to the testing of the finished product. Such an approach will allow balancing consumer value and product characteristics, determining the significance and cost of functions, and substantiating a fair price. These problems are solved by the method of value engineering of a product. Application of this method requires reliable information on consumer characteristics, conditions and process of product operation, parameters of similar products. The tools of classical marketing research and new products engineering development should be combined into one system. As a result, the use of value engineering reduces the time required to bring a new product to the market and increases the competitiveness of the product.
Utilization aspects in a life cycle contract (the example of public transport in Russia)
Authors: Amosov N A , Kuznetsova E Y , Prilutskaya M A , Kukushkina G R
Published: November 2020

A structural analysis of public transport in Russia on the criterion ‘passenger turnover’ has been carried out in the last few years. Demand statistics have been compiled for all urban transport types. This has led to identify the quantitatively predominant types of public transport with a high pace of development. The article discusses the possibility of applying the life cycle contract concept to public transport in connection with the popularization of the concept on the one hand and the relevance of resolving organizational issues of exploitation public transport on the other. The article shows that public transport plays a key role in the total volume of citizens’ movement in Russia, therefore a life cycle contract is applicable to it as a whole. And the final phase of the life cycle contract is about utilization. Federal State Statistics Service data on passenger transport should form the basis for the correct calculation of future production capacities of end-of-life vehicles processors. This is necessary for the effective realization of the stage of ‘decline’ of the life cycle contract.
Upgrading of induction motors with energy efficiency enhancement at the electrical repair shops and sites of the running industrial companies
Authors: Mugalimov R G , Mugalimova A R , Zakirova R A
Published: November 2020

It is demonstrated that the main disadvantage of induction motors is a relatively low power factor. In order to enhance energy efficiency of the electric drives, it is proposed to use an innovative technology of their upgrading in the course of overhauls. A distinctive feature of the proposed overhaul is the recalculation of the stator winding considering the real state of the stator steel and uses the phenomenon of current ferro-resonance in the machine’s electromagnetic system. This makes it possible to create an induction motor with the desired power factor, even equal to one. Upgrading allows increasing the efficiency factor and reducing the active power losses by 3–7% in the electric drive system and in the power supply system. Additional expenses for upgrading costs amount to 23–30% of the conventional overhaul costs. However, these additional expenses can be justified within 0.25–0.8 years due to energy savings. The results of this R&D project can be recommended for review to the power departments of the running industrial companies, electrical repair shops and energy saving centers.
Processes in spark electric discharge in air, nitrogen and oxygen
Authors: Piskarev I M , Aristova N A
Published: November 2020

The yield of redox reactions in aqueous solutions under the action of a remote spark discharge in the air, nitrogen and oxygen was studied. Mohr’s salt and potassium permanganate were used as test substances. The direct and indirect effects of a source of active particles were compared. On direct exposure active species can immediately interact with the substance. By indirect action the source of active species directly affects only water. Immediately after treatment water was mixed with a solution of the test substance and the reactions of accumulated active species with the test substance began. When discharged in air medium, the oxidation and reduction reaction yields are approximately the same 5 - 6 1(100 эВ)−1 eV. Equal yields means that active species are firstly produced in water. When discharged in the nitrogen and oxygen medium, the oxidation yield is ∼15% lower, and the recovery yield is much lower. In this case, there is oxygen or nitrogen in the aqueous solution, so nitrogen oxides cannot be formed in water. So the contribution of products, produced in the discharge region is not more than 15% and that radiation plays a major role in initiating of chemical processes in liquid.
Determination of the reduction coefficients in a continuous finishing group of stands in a hot rolling mill using artificial neural network
Authors: Latypov O R , Platov S I , Dema R R , Urtsev N V
Published: November 2020

There are many problems when creating digital doubles. One of which is the definition of the source data: in this case, the definition of private reductions (coefficient ratios) in a continuous finishing group of stands of the broadband hot rolling mill 2000 of PJSC Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Work. Algorithms were developed to calculate the thickness of the breakdown bar, the number of stands involved, power required for rolling and coefficient ratios to solve this problem. The algorithms are based on well-known solutions (the Imai method) using neural networks. The training of neural networks was conducted on a sample collected for the period from 01.01.2017 to 01.01.2019 work of the mill in the PyTorch library of the interpreted programming language Python. The average error εME of the calculation of coefficient ratios (according to the developed algorithms with neural networks) does not exceed 8.9% and the standard deviation σ does not exceed 0.074.
The research on the levelling process of thick slabs based on the electric motor parameters monitoring
Authors: Belyaev S Yu , Fedulov A A , Alexandrova A S , Raskatov E Yu , Meshchaninova T V
Published: November 2020

For the leveling machines in conditions of a small batch production which is typical for manufacturing sheets of non-ferrous alloys, in particular, titanium, the rollers heating is very influential. In order to expand the technological possibilities of the main equipment in non-stationary thermal working conditions of rollers that is an actual new scientific problem the experimental study of the loading in the hot leveling of slabs made from hardly-deformed titanium alloys was carried out on the 9-roll leveling machine. To achieve this goal the methodology of the complex experimental study of the actual loading definition of the leveling machine drive was developed. The experimental study was carried out for alloys Ti6Al4V (Vt-6s) and PT-3V with the initial heating temperature of the rolled product from 750 to 850°C. The slab leveling process was logged for slabs with the thickness from 20 to 68 mm, the width from 985 to 1720 mm by the number of passes through the leveling machine from 2 to 8. The treatment and analysis of experimental data was conducted on the basis of which the summary of permissibility of assortment expansion of leveling slabs has been formulated.
Multi-criteria model for the development of industrial logistics
Authors: Rakhmangulov A N , Kornilov S N , Aleksandrin D V , Shevkunov N O
Published: November 2020

Development of the industrial manufacturing logistics is associated with the need to solve many problems that affect the main technological units, internal and external transportation, as well as the industrial enterprise management system. The effectiveness of the solution of each of these tasks separately is traditionally evaluated by criteria, which, as a rule, conflict with the criteria of the effectiveness of other tasks and may even contradict the strategic goals of the organization. Modern logistics solutions are based on the achievement of a global economic criterion. However, the practical implementation of such general decisions is limited by the complexity of forming concrete actions based on them. In addition, traditional logistics solutions do not adequately meet the requirements of the concept of sustainable development, as they are poorly oriented towards environmental and social criteria. The developed multi-criteria model is a combination of alternative logistics solutions and criteria for their evaluation. The procedure for assessment and choosing the best combination of logistic decisions is based on a combination of multi-criteria decision-making methods. Application the developed model will reduce the costs of designing and implementing logistics solutions, as well as ensure the achievement of the sustainable development goals of an industrial enterprise.