bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty monitoring in reasoning: cue consistency is more important than belief-logic conflict
Authors: Kosourikhina Veronika , Handley Simon
Published: November 2024

Dual process accounts of reasoning posit that the interactions between automatic Type 1 processes and reflective Type 2 processes are regulated through the mechanism of conflict detection. Conflict detection is thought to be triggered when two or more incompatible responses to a problem are produced. Conflict detection can be viewed as an aspect of metacognition, as both are concerned with monitoring the outputs from the reasoning process as assessing one's certainty in them. In this paper we apply the self-consistency model of metacognition to analyse cues that inform confidence judgements in reasoning, to investigate the potential sources of responses to a given problem. In four experiments (total N = 524), we analysed the relationship between confidence and accuracy on the base-rate task and syllogisms, and used a solution-evaluation task format to manipulate uncertainty experimentally. We found that in both tasks, confidence and accuracy were influenced by many cues, rather than belief-logic conflict exclusively. Belief-logic conflict was a significant cue to confidence in the base-rate task, but not in syllogisms. Across all experiments, items identified as eliciting the most uncertainty, based on the self-consistency model, showed greater conflict detection effects. Introducing an additional cue that was inconsistent with the most common response generally increased uncertainty and conflict detection. These findings support the uncertainty monitoring account of conflict detection and link it with the broader metacognition research.
The Trauma of Bullying: Evaluating the impact of a trauma-informed therapeutic intervention to support children who have been chronically bullied in school.
Authors: Noret Nathalie , Hejazi Husna Farooq , Wilson Katelynn , Timms Paula , Fuller Kat , Lambe Yvette
Published: November 2024

The poor mental health outcomes associated with being bullied in school are well documented in the research literature. Trauma-informed approaches offer one possible avenue of support for those being chronically bullied in school. The aim of this study is to examine the traumatic impact of being chronically bullied in school and evaluate the use of a pilot trauma-informed therapeutic intervention to support young people being chronically bullied in England. In this study, 18 parents whose child was receiving a new bullying-focused trauma-informed therapy completed an online questionnaire about their child's experiences of bullying and their trauma symptoms. Their children were aged between 8 and 16 years old (M=11.28, SD = 2.24), 9 (50%) young people were male, and 9 (50%) were female. The questionnaire was completed before and after the 12-week therapeutic intervention. The findings of the study highlight the negative impact being bullied has on mental health, including symptoms of trauma. The findings of the study also highlight how the trauma-informed therapeutic intervention reduced symptoms of trauma and supported children and young people to cope with their experiences of bullying. While a pilot study, the findings offer a potential avenue for supporting young people being chronically bullied in school.
《現代心理生存理論框架：邏輯整合與全面探索》
Authors: 劉庭均  , 劉庭均
Published: November 2024

該預印本的目標，是基於現代心理生存理論，嘗試建立一個跨領域的整合框架，並邀請教育、心理、醫學等領域的學者共同參與，完善這一框架的理論與應用。我希望這一理論能為教育、法律、醫療等領域提供新的理解基礎，推動心理學與相關領域的深度結合，從而促進人類文明的進一步包容與進步。我理解，這一理論框架尚處於早期階段，仍需要大量實踐驗證與修正，才能獲得更多專家的認可與支持。然而，我相信其核心理念具有一定的學術價值與實踐意義，特別是在整合心理學各分支理論，解釋多樣性行為與人格發展等方面，提供了新的視角與工具。自本篇文章發布後，我期待與各領域專家共同合作，針對理論框架進行改進與應用，並在未來逐步發展為一部具有系統性與實用性的心理學教科書。如果您有興趣共同完成本書的內容，請寄一封自薦信至 （a92922200@gmail.com）。期待與您相遇！本作品依據「創用CC- 姓名標示-非商業性 - 禁止改作4.0國際（CC BY-NC-ND 4.0）」授權。如需進一步使用或進行商業合作，請聯繫原作者（a92922200@gmail.com）以獲取正式授權。如需了解更多授權條款，請參閱 創用CC BY-NC-ND 4.0授權條款。https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
A Note on Basic Economic Concepts
Authors: Pyakuryal Bishwambher
Published: November 2024

Not Available.
Measurement of Willingness to pay for Hydro-Energy: An Analysis of Demand Side in Hydro-Energy Pricing
Authors: Nepal Govind
Published: November 2024

Not Available.
The Future of Nepalese Economy: Economic Nationalism Reconsider
Authors: Dahal Madan Kumar
Published: November 2024

Not available.
Fiscal Policy of Nepal in Changed Perspective
Authors: Thapa Govinda Bahadur
Published: November 2024

Not available.
Strategy of Planning for the Alleviation of Rural Poverty in Nepal
Authors: Jha Sunil Kumar
Published: November 2024

Not Available.
Development Planning in Theory and Practice
Authors: Sharma Gunanidhi
Published: November 2024

Not available.
Information Technology and the Industrial Sector of Nepal
Authors: Pant Bhubanesh
Published: November 2024

Not Available.
Immature Production of Dengue Virus Vectors in Residential and Non-residential Areas of Lalitpur Municipality, Nepal
Authors: KC Aradhana , Aryal Manchita Kumari , Gautam Ishan , Overgaard Hans Jorgen
Published: November 2024

Global incidence of dengue has grown over recent decades, with half of the population now at risk. Vector control is the main way to control dengue disease, as many dengue vaccines are still under research. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are the vector species, responsible for dengue transmission in the world. The repeated larvae and pupae sampling of eight times in dry and wet seasons (May to September) was conducted within 100 houses including residential and non-residential. Dipping method using standard dippers were used for immature mosquito collection. This study foundthat non- residential areas are preferred breeding sites for dengue mosquitoes compared to residential premises. The Stegomyia indices, House Index (HI), Container Index (CI) and Breteau Index (BI) were found higher in non-residential houses than that of residential houses.The statistical analysisshows strong significant differences, p<0.05 when compared between two seasons (dry and wet). Seven different types of containers classified by shape, use and materials contribute 72-74% of immature dengue mosquitoes. This study concludes that for dengue mosquitoes’ production, dark coloured containers found in both residential and non-residential sites are highly productive. Thus, further studies covering all seasons and households are highly recommended in the study sites leading to effective vector control actions targeting all types of productive wet containers available in the study area and elsewhere.
Effect of Various Organic Priming Treatments on the Performance of Bittergourd (Momordica Charantia L)
Authors: Karki Nisha , Bhattarai Rekha , Ghimire Eliza , Khanal Kapil
Published: November 2024

A field experiment was carried out in Godak-10, Ilam, during the cropping season of February to July 2021, to investigate the effect of organic seed priming treatments on bitter gourd growth performance. Hard seed coat of bitter gourd puts mechanical restriction on embryo development and it is the reason for poor seedling problems. Seed priming is the method not only to improve germinations, vigour and uniform emergence of seedlings in field conditions but also to improve crop establishment and ultimately enhance the yield. The experiment was done in a double-factor randomized complete block design with 3 replications and 8 treatments. Three varieties of bittergourd viz. Palee, Asmita (Syngenta), and local, were assigned as the first factor. Whereas, priming treatments with cow milk and water 1:1, cow urine and water 1:1, cow dung slurry and water 1:2, water and control (no priming) were assigned as second factor. Parameters such as seed germination percentage (83.66%), day to emergence (9 days), seedling’s stem diameter (3.12 mm), shoot weight (1.8 gm), shoot length (11.5 cm), root length (14.4 cm), plant height 20 days after transplanting (67.4 cm) and 40 days after transplanting (125 cm), number of leaves 20 days after transplanting (21) and tendrils 20 days after transplanting (14), day to first flowering (33 days), day to first fruit set (39 days) and yield (3.02 kg/plant) were significantly higher in the variety Palee. Seed germination percentage (71.55%), seedling stem diameter (3.05 mm) were significantly higher with the priming treatment of cow urine and water 1:1, but other parameters, the priming treatment was significantly at par with all treatments except control. The study indicated that presoaking of bittergourd seeds in organic priming treatment, i.e., cow urine and water 1:1, could render better growth performance.
Isolation of Peroxidase enzyme from various vegetables and coupling to IgG
Authors: Hemalatha P. , Shivani K. , Godavari M. , Vidhya T. Sri , Devi S. Manju , Padma A. Sai
Published: November 2024

Coupling of IgG with peroxidase enzyme finds various applications in determining the antigen-antibody interactions, in diagnostics or for research purpose. In the present study, Peroxidase enzyme was isolated from various vegetables like tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and Radish (Raphanus sativus) and partial purification of enzymes was done with ammonium sulphate fractionation to 80% saturation. The active peroxidase enzyme was coupled to Goat anti-human IgG and the efficiency of coupling procedure was tested against Protein A sepharose purified human IgG. The coupling procedure was done by using sodium periodate and coupling was confirmed by dot blot and ELISA procedures. The present study provides an indigenous method to isolate an active peroxidase enzyme and couple to various IgG and use in immuno detection methods at very cost effective manner.
Perception of Street Vendors and Management by Kathmandu Metropolitan City
Authors: Dahal Bini , Sharma Indresh
Published: November 2024

This paper delves into the recent eviction of street vendors by the Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC) aimed at ensuring pedestrian mobility rights. The eviction has raised concerns about the livelihoods of street vendors, prompting an exploration of various stakeholder viewpoints. Drawing on Key Informant Interviews and interviews, this research sheds light on the complex interplay of perspectives. Street vendors express satisfaction with the KMC’s effort to clear the roads, yet show apprehension about their compromised livelihoods due to a lack of alternatives. Pedestrians support KMC’s endeavor, acknowledging an enhanced right to unobstructed movement, while expressing empathy for the vendors’ economic struggles. The Nepal Street Vendor Trade Union (NEST) criticizes KMC’s approach and advocates for alternatives that safeguards the vendor’s right to livelihood. KMC justifies its eviction measures as essential for pedestrians’ right to mobility through efficient road management. The study underscores the need for collaborative and communicative efforts among stakeholders to effectively manage the street vendors.
Perception on Menstrual Cup among Menstruating Students of Kathmandu University
Authors: Kunwar Sonika , Shah Suveckshya
Published: November 2024

Menstruation, a globally prevalent phenomenon, often faces cultural barriers hindering proper hygiene practices, particularly in Nepal. This study investigates the perceptions of menstrual cup users and non-users among menstruating students at Kathmandu University, employing the Theory of Planned Behavior as a framework. Through mixed methods, both quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed. Findings reveal no significant relationship between menstrual cup use and financial factors but a meaningful association with sexual activity status. Additionally, significant differences were observed in attitudes and subjective norms between users and non-users. This study underscores the importance of promoting menstrual cup awareness and addressing cultural barriers to enhance menstrual hygiene practices among menstruating individuals in Nepal.
The Role of Communication Strategies in Implementing Serious Creativity Strategies by High School Islamic Studies Teachers
Authors: Asma Sulaiman AlFayiz
Published: November 2024

This study aims to assess how effectively high school jurisprudent teachers employ serious creativity strategies and identify the obstacles they face. Furthermore, this study focused on the role of communication strategies in implementing serious creativity strategies. Using a descriptive (survey) approach, 71 female teachers were assessed with observation cards and obstacle questionnaires. Results showed a weak overall mean score of 2.29 for the use of creativity strategies. The mean score for obstacles was 3.38, indicating a moderate level. The most significant obstacles were the educational environment (3.68), teachers themselves (3.33), students (3.30), and the curriculum (3.20). No statistically significant differences were found based on teachers' experience or academic qualifications, highlighting systemic issues rather than individual shortcomings. The study provides insights and empirical evidence on current practices and challenges in employing serious creativity strategies within jurisprudent education. It suggests improvements in teacher training, teaching practices, and curriculum design. Specifically, comprehensive training programs on serious creativity strategies should be introduced to ensure teachers are well-prepared and confident. Additionally, further research is recommended to explore the long-term effects and benefits of these strategies in diverse educational settings. Collaboration among educators, policymakers, and curriculum developers is crucial to effectively addressing these challenges and enhance educational outcomes. These efforts will lead to better-prepared and more innovative teachers.
Examining Influence of Electronic Words of Mouth and Social Media Marketing on Customer Satisfaction and Purchase Intention: Moderating Impact of Effectiveness of Information and Communication Technologies
Authors: Zhang Chunyan  , Peng Cheng
Published: November 2024

Purchasing intention has been the foremost element that leads the organizations towards success and this aspect demands revisiting this to reiterate its significance. The present study examines the impact of electronic words (E-words) of mouth and social media marketing on the purchase intention of manufacturing sector in China. The study also checks the mediating role of customer satisfaction among E-words of mouth, social media marketing and purchase intention and also checks the moderating role of effectiveness of information and communication technologies (ICT) among customer satisfaction and purchase intention. The primary data was collected from 190 respondents, identified through simple random sampling technique, using surveys. SPSS-AMOS was used to examine the associations among variables. The results exposed that E-words of mouth and social media marketing have a positive nexus with purchase intention. The results also exposed that the customer satisfaction significantly mediates the relationships among the constructs, effectiveness of ICT too significantly moderates this association. The study guides the policymakers in establishing the policies related to achieve the purchase intention using E-words of mouth, effective social media marketing and ICT.
Adoption of Artificial Intelligence in Public and Private Libraries of China: Determinants, Challenges, and Perceived Benefits
Authors: Danyang Li
Published: November 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has much significance in different industries, including education. Due to increasing technological advancement, universities show their growing concerns about adopting several facilities linked with AI, specifically in their library management systems. Motivated by such an emerging trend, this research was conducted to examine AI adoption in both public and private libraries in China. The study explored the existing landscape of AI powered services in libraries, the perception of AI benefits, challenges related to AI adoption, and key determinants of such adoption for the targeted libraries. Using a questionnaire technique, the study collected data from different public and private libraries for which a sample of 154 respondents was finalized over the time span of 4.5 weeks. The analysis of the collected data shows that both the situations of launching and planning to launch different AI-related services were observed in Chinese libraries. Moreover, participants also confirmed several benefits of AI, including the enhancement of library operations by improving search accuracy, automating repetitive tasks, offering personalized resource recommendations, revealing usage trends through analytics, curating digital collections, improving cataloging, digitizing rare materials, and providing quick responses via chatbots, thereby allowing librarians to conduct their other more complex tasks. Additionally, the study confirmed several challenges associated with AI adoption. The results also revealed that along with other factors, the support from university administration, maturity and reliability of AI applications, and training and human resource management are positive and significant determinants of AI adoption. On the contrary, funding/cost associated with implementation and innovative services/alignment with technological trends reflected negative coefficients for AI adoption in Chinese libraries.
Зобов’язання гейткіперів, закріплені в Акті про цифрові ринки
Authors: МАЗАРАКІ Наталія , ЖИБАК Андрій
Published: November 2024

Зловживання цифровими гігантами своєю економічною владою окреслило проблематику спотворення конкуренції на ринку онлайн-послуг та виявило неефективність традиційного конку­рентного права. Це стало поштовхом до прий­няття Акта про цифрові ринки, спрямованого на специфічне регулювання цифрового сектору шляхом встановлення правил, що забезпечують конкуренто­спроможність та справедливість на внутрішньому ринку ЄС. Гіпотеза дослідження полягає у під­твердженні переваг зобовʼязань ex ante, які DMA накладає на онлайн-платформи зі статусом гейт­кіпер, щодо зміцнення справедливості та конку­рентності, а також забезпечення прав бізнес-користувачів і споживачів у цифровому секторі економіки. Метою дослідження є функціональна характеристика зобовʼязань онлайн-платформ зі статусом гейткіпер та визначення перспектив їх реалізації. Для досягнення мети використано методику доктринального аналізу, яка допомогла розкрити правову природу й особливості Акта про цифрові ринки в цілому, а також зобовʼязань гейткіперів зокрема. Зобовʼязання ex ante, як пове­дінкові засоби правової охорони ринку ЄС від нега­тивної ділової практики, спрямовані на недо­пу­щення потенційно небажаної поведінки гейткіперів, а також сприяють внутрішньо- і міжплатформній конкуренції та захищають її. Доведено, що асимет­ричність регулювання ex ante, конкурентність і справедливість цифрових ринків як ціль регулю­вання, самовиконуваний характер зобовʼязань свідчать про новизну регуляторного режиму, запровадженого Актом про цифрові ринки. Надання Європейській комісії широкого кола повно­важень щодо контролю за виконанням онлайн-платформами зобовʼязань додає гнучкості регуля­торному інстру­менту, який водночас потребує подальшого розвитку для того, щоб суттєво відрізнятися від тради­ційного конкурентного права.
The Politics of Identity Markers: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Pakistani English Newspapers
Authors: Khan Arshad , Alam Muhammad Farooq , Razzaq Muhammad Umar
Published: November 2024

This study looked at how politicians come about with their political identities using identity markers to communicate their ideology(s) and ideas in political discourse. This study attempted to examine such identifying markers employed by Imran Khan (PTI), Fazal-ur-Rehman (JUI-F), Nawaz Sharif (PML-N), and Bilawal Bhutto (PPP) in Dawn and The Express Tribune news between 2018 and 2023. Data was obtained from the sites of a number of newspapers using a qualitative research method, using Fairclough's 3D model. Important markers of identification were phrases such as youth, corruption, accountability, and Naya Pakistan (new Pakistan), as well as cultural symbols, like flags and turbans. The ongoing use of pronouns, metaphors, and authoritative language by politicians helped to make societal topics such as power dynamics, corruption, and development lively. It is found that Fairclough's approach to the analysis of political identity markers can be put to good use.
Empowering Women through Skill-Based Education in Pakistan: A Narrative Review
Authors: Rafiq-uz-Zaman Muhammad , Nadeem Muhammad Asif , Rasheed Iqra
Published: November 2024

This qualitative systematic review focuses on the effectiveness and limitations of skill-based education for enhancing women's rights in Pakistan with an understanding that the solution lies in addressing organizational, economic, and structural constraints that hamper the enforcement of such policies. These include gender norms, poverty, and inadequate technical and vocational education and training that do not empower women's education. However, possibilities are opening, such as government and non-government skill-building initiatives and e-learning and e-business business and education portals for rural women. Skill-based education is characteristic because it economically impacts women's social rights and empowers them. The review underscores the need for policies, institutional support, and sector desegregation to minimize educational gender differences. These include social connectedness, advanced digital learning, and government policies supporting training. All the above steps are essential for GM, WEE, and improving Pakistan's socio-economic fabric.
Middle fossa approach for a petrous apex bony spur causing trigeminal neuralgia: illustrative case
Authors: Hamrick Forrest , Colby Samantha , Couldwell William T. , Rahimpour Shervin
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) can arise from trigeminal nerve compression at the root entry zone due to neurovascular conflict, which most often presents in the 6th decade of life. The authors report the case of a young patient with TN with a petrous apex bony spur near the entrance of Meckel’s cave, causing compression of the proximal trigeminal nerve.

OBSERVATIONS

A 21-year-old woman presented with a 5-year history of progressive right-sided TN. Axial T2 sampling perfection with application optimized contrast using different flip angle evolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) did not reveal vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve. However, sagittal reformats demonstrated a prominent bony ridge along the petrous apex, causing compression of the right trigeminal nerve at the porus trigeminus. Removal of the bony spur via a middle fossa approach completely resolved the patient’s symptoms.

LESSONS

Although TN is most frequently caused by neurovascular compression, it is vital to examine the entire course of the trigeminal nerve on MRI to identify alternative causes of nerve compression in the absence of neurovascular conflict. Bony compression is a rare cause of TN that should be considered, particularly in younger patients. The presence of prominent osseous structures along the course of the trigeminal nerve can be evaluated reliably on sagittal MRI.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24321
Revascularization with superficial temporal artery–middle cerebral artery anastomosis in spontaneous intracranial internal carotid artery dissection: illustrative case
Authors: Nounaka Yohei , Matano Fumihiro , Fujita Hiroaki , Isayama Koshiro , Ideguchi Minoru , Murai Yasuo
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Because of ischemic symptoms, intracranial internal carotid artery (IICA) dissection has no established treatment guidelines. The authors report a case of IICA dissection in which an emergency superficial temporal artery–middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass was performed.

OBSERVATIONS

A 46-year-old woman presented with a headache and left hemiplegia. Her cortical symptoms appeared on day 10, and an STA-MCA bypass was performed because of cerebral hypoperfusion. Her postoperative patency was good, and cortical symptoms improved. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in the acute phase with wall contrast. From day 18, the internal carotid artery delineation improved, and the patient was transferred for rehabilitation without worsening symptoms. A literature review of spontaneous IICA dissection with revascularization procedures was conducted to discuss the indications, timing, treatment modalities, and surgical outcomes.

LESSONS

The STA-MCA bypass provides supplemental cerebral blood flow and can prevent critical complications. Contrast-enhanced MRI in the acute phase of dissection can show a wall contrast effect and assist in predicting disease progression.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24332
Perioperative management of patients with glioblastoma copresenting with pheochromocytoma: illustrative case
Authors: Guo Eddie , Keough Michael B. , Henderson Amanda M. , Hagen Evan M. , Levine Max A. , Arnason Terra , Au Karolyn
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Undiagnosed pheochromocytoma can present with hemodynamic instability during surgical procedures. Here, the authors discuss a 69-year-old male with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)–wildtype glioblastoma copresenting with undiagnosed pheochromocytoma, which, to the authors’ knowledge, is the second reported case in the literature.

OBSERVATIONS

The patient presented to the emergency department with a 1-month history of coordination difficulties, progressive morning headache, and mild left-side weakness. Imaging showed a 5-cm peripherally enhancing intra-axial right parietal mass with surrounding vasogenic edema. Intraoperatively, the patient had significant uncontrollable hypertension up to 240/120 mm Hg, and the operation was promptly aborted. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography imaging of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis identified a 4.9-cm left adrenal mass of indeterminant etiology. Endocrinology diagnosed the incidentaloma as a pheochromocytoma, initiating alpha blockade followed by beta blockade, and the urology service performed a laparoscopic adrenalectomy after patient stabilization. The neurosurgery service removed the intra-axial brain lesion 2 days after adrenalectomy, which was diagnosed as IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. The patient was discharged home after 6 days in stable condition.

LESSONS

This case highlights the importance of preoperative screening for pheochromocytoma in neurosurgical patients with adrenal incidentalomas, especially in incidentalomas > 4 cm, even without high clinical suspicion.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24374
Progressive headache and neck pain associated with neck rotation due to a congenital external carotid–jugular arteriovenous fistula: illustrative case
Authors: Yokochi Yasunori , Ikeda Hiroyuki , Hayashi Tomoko , Uezato Minami , Kinosada Masanori , Kurosaki Yoshitaka , Chin Masaki
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Congenital external carotid–jugular arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are often diagnosed based on a pulsatile neck mass. Patients rarely complain of headaches or neck pain.

OBSERVATIONS

A 45-year-old woman with no history of trauma had been diagnosed with a congenital cervical external carotid AVF 10 years earlier. At that time, only a pulsatile neck mass in the right neck had been observed, and she had been managed conservatively. Over the next 10 years, the right neck mass had enlarged, and she started experiencing unbearable headaches and neck pain when she turned her head. Angiography images showed that the outflow veins, including the external and internal jugular veins, were more dilated and tortuous than they had been 10 years earlier. During neck rotation, the internal jugular vein constricted, causing intracranial venous reflux. Complete occlusion of the shunt was achieved with coils and n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate. Immediately after surgery, the pulsation in the right neck, the unbearable headaches, and neck pain on neck rotation resolved.

LESSONS

Even in adults with congenital cervical external carotid AVFs that have been managed as simple neck masses, progressive dilatation and tortuosity of the outflow veins can, over time, lead to venous reflux during neck rotation and can cause unbearable headaches and neck pain.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24407
Convexity dural hemangioma: illustrative case
Authors: Hayden Ellery A. , Leoni Jack A. , Culicchia Frank
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Dural hemangiomas are a relatively rare form of intracranial mass, as hemangiomas tend to present in bone or as intraparenchymal lesions and only around 5%–13% have been reported to originate from the dura mater. Here, the authors present the case of a 46-year-old female who underwent craniotomy for a suspected convexity meningioma resection, which was unexpectedly found to be a dural capillary hemangioma.

OBSERVATIONS

The patient was a 46-year-old female who presented with a left frontal intracranial mass found incidentally and showed significant growth over 4 years. The mass was suspected to be a meningioma as it was homogeneously enhancing, extra-axial, and exhibited findings of a broad base with a dural tail along the dura of the superior frontal lobe. This was excised en bloc and found to be a purplish-red mass firmly attached to the dura, which was diagnosed as a capillary hemangioma on histopathology.

LESSONS

Dural hemangiomas, particularly at the convexity, are quite rare and can mimic meningiomas on imaging, sometimes even demonstrating homogeneous enhancement with a broad base and dural tail. These are an important part of the differential diagnosis when diagnosing dural-based masses and should be considered when planning operative or radiation treatment.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24476
Failed ulnar nerve surgery due to persistent unrecognized snapping triceps from cubitus varus due to a distal humeral malunion in an adult: illustrative case
Authors: O’Driscoll Christopher J. L. , Spinner Robert J.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Snapping triceps is a dynamic condition in which a portion of the medial head of the triceps dislocates over the medial epicondyle during flexion or extension. Pushed by the triceps, the ulnar nerve typically also dislocates over the medial epicondyle, causing neuropathy. Posttraumatic cubitus varus deformities resulting from pediatric supracondylar fractures have been associated with snapping triceps. This is the first case of snapping triceps associated with cubitus varus due to distal humeral malunion, which occurred in an adult.

OBSERVATIONS

A 23-year-old man sustained a left distal humeral fracture from arm wrestling, which was treated nonoperatively, healing in a varus malunion. Within several months, he developed ulnar neuropathy and snapping at the medial elbow, which was diagnosed as a dislocating ulnar nerve and was treated with ulnar nerve transposition. He presented 8 years later with continued ulnar neuritis symptoms and snapping and was found to have snapping medial triceps. He chose nonoperative treatment.

LESSONS

Snapping triceps, presenting as snapping at the elbow with ulnar nerve symptoms, can be incorrectly diagnosed as isolated ulnar nerve dislocation. Unrecognized snapping triceps leads to persistent symptoms after ulnar nerve transposition. The patient in this case demonstrated that an altered triceps line of pull can cause snapping triceps regardless of how the cubitus varus originated.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24596
Comparison of students’ critical thinking ability between PBL and PjBL learning groups on environmental pollution material Phase-E at SMAN 1 2x11 Kayu Tanam
Authors: Astuti Aulia Fuji , Desnita Desnita , Putra Amali , Emiliannur Emiliannur
Published: November 2024

21st century learning prepares high school graduates to master critical thinking ability. However, there are still many high school graduates who do not have critical thinking ability. One way to overcome students' low critical thinking ability is to use innovative learning models that prioritize student activity. This research aims to compare the critical thinking abilities of students taught using the Problem-based learning (PBL) and Project-based learning (Pj.BL) models. This study uses a posttest-only control group design and is quasi-experimental in nature. Determination of the sample through the use of a purposive sampling technique. The data obtained is in the form of data resulting from critical thinking ability. The instrument used is a critical thinking ability test instrument in the form of a description test. The data analysis techniques used are normality, homogeneity and hypothesis testing at a significance level (α) = 0.05. Based on data analysis, the results obtained are tcount = 4.552 > ttable = 1.998 which states that H1 is accepted. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the Problem-based learning model is more effective than the Project-based learning model in honing students' critical thinking ability.
The effect of the POE (Predict-Observe-Explain) learning model using a differentiation approach on student learning outcomes in the concept of temperature and heat
Authors: Oktavia Nurlaila , Odja Abdul Haris , Supartin Supartin , Setiawan Dewa Eka Gede
Published: November 2024

This study aims to determine the Effect of the POE (Predict-observe-Explain) Learning Model using a differentiated approach to student learning outcomes on the concepts of temperature and heat. This research was conducted at SMAN 1 Bokat. This study used an experimental method with the research design used was Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The sampling technique used in this study was cluster random sampling. The population in this study was all students of grade X Science 1 SMAN 1 Bokat. The sample of this study is class X as an experimental class and class X as a control class. The learning outcome instrument is an Esay test in the cognitive realm that has been validated by 3 validators. The results of this study showed that the learning outcomes of the experimental class were higher than the learning outcomes of the control class. This study aims to determine the effect of the POE (Predict-Observe-Explain) learning model with a differentiated approach on student learning outcomes in the concept of temperature and heat. This research was conducted at SMAN 1 Bokat using an experimental method with a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The sampling technique used was cluster random sampling. The learning outcome instrument was an essay test in the cognitive domain validated by 3 validators. The results showed that the learning outcomes of the experimental class were higher than those of the control class. Normality tests showed that the data were normally distributed, and homogeneity tests showed that the data were homogeneous. Hypothesis testing using the t-test at a significance level of α = 0.05 indicated that t_calculated > t_table, thus H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. It can be concluded that the POE learning model with a differentiated approach significantly affects students' learning outcomes on the concept of temperature and heat.
Development of scaffolding-based science e-modules to improve junior high school students’ scientific reasoning
Authors: Hanum Wardah Nabilah , Nuha Ulin , Ridlo Zainur Rasyid
Published: November 2024

Scientific Reasoning is a high-level thinking ability to think scientifically, systematically, and logically in the scientific method process. The scientific reasoning of junior high school students is still low in Science learning. In fact, scientific reasoning is an essential component of the cognitive flow of 21st-century skills. This study aimed to describe the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of scaffolding-based Science e-module in improving the scientific reasoning of junior high school students. This study was a developmental study with the ADDIE model. The subjects were 35 7-E students in SMP Negeri 7 Jember with the implementation in the even semester of the 2023/2024 academic year. The data collection techniques used were observation, documentation, validation sheets, implementation observation sheets, tests (pretest and posttest), and questionnaires of student response. Based on the research results, the implementation of a scaffolding-based Science e-module obtained a validation value of 89.8%, which was included in the valid category and can be used in the learning process. The results of the practicality analysis obtained a value of 88%, which was included in the very practical category to be used in the learning process. The effectiveness was obtained from the results of the pretest and posttest with an N-Gain value of 0.73%, which was included in the high category, and the results of student response were 89.4%, which was included in the very good category and effective in improving scientific reasoning of the junior high school students.
Development of an e-module based on the Self-Organized Learning Environment (SOLE) model assisted by Artificial Intelligence (AI) on kinematics material
Authors: Anggraini Welly , Komikesari H. , Pratiwi Mala , Ningtias Putri Ayu
Published: November 2024

This development research aims to develop an e-module based on the Self-Organized Learning Environment (SOLE) model assisted by Artificial Intelligence (AI) on kinematics material. The research and development method uses the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) approach created by Robert and Maribe Brach. This model includes the following stages: 1) Analysis, 2) Design, 3) Development, 4) Implementation, 5) Evaluation. The subjects of this research were students from two schools, and the data collection instruments were questionnaires provided to expert validators and students. The data generated is qualitative and analyzed using assessment criteria guidelines to determine the quality of the product. The results of this research produced teaching materials and determined the quality of the developed product: 86% from material experts (categorized as highly feasible), 95% from media experts (categorized as highly feasible), 87% from educators, and 93% from students in small-scale trials, with 87% in large-scale trials, all categorized as very attractive. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the E-module based on the Self-Organized Learning Environment (SOLE) model assisted by Artificial Intelligence (AI) for kinematics material is highly feasible and attractive for use in high school physics learning for 11th-grade students.
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY REMEDIATION OF HAZARDOUS CATIONIC DYE BY UTILIZING CASHEW NUT SHELL POWDER AS BIO-ADSORBENT
Authors: Mandale Poonam , Kulkarni Kavita , Jadhav Kishor , Kulkarni Anand
Published: November 2024

The objective of the current study was to find cashew nutshell powder as an inexpensive adsorbent to extract malachite green (MG) dye from a water solution. Parameters like the influence of temperature on MG dye ions, adsorbent dose, pH, dye concentration, and time of contact on the cashew nut shell powder were investigated in batch experiments. Using a scanning electron microscope, Fourier transforms infrared radiation, and Electronic dispersive elemental analysis, cashew nut shell powder characterization was studied. Analysing of the equilibrium data for Freundlich, Temkin, Langmuir, and Elovich isotherms was studied. Freundlich isotherm was perfect to the experimental data and the maximum percentage removal observed was 72% for MG at 25˚CThe adsorption data was found to be perfectly fitted by the pseudo-second-order model.
VOLUME SINGULAR INTEGRAL EQUATIONS FOR PROBLEMS OF LOW-FREQUENCY SCATTERING OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES IN ANISOTROPIC STRUCTURES
Authors: Samokhin A. B. , Samokhina A. S. , Yurchenkov I. A.
Published: November 2024

This paper deals with volume singular integral equations describing the problems of low-frequency scattering of electromagnetic waves in bounded three-dimensional anisotropic structures. The spectrum of integral operators is studied. The domain of the operator spectrum on the complex plane for the low-frequency case is presented explicitly. The generalized method of simple iteration is described, for application of which it is necessary to know the area of the operator spectrum on the complex plane. The collocation method on a uniform grid is used to discretize the integral equations. This allows, using a fast discrete Fourier transform, to construct an algorithm for fast multiplication of the matrix of a system of linear equations by a vector. The results of numerical solution of the considered problems are given.
TERMINOLOGY OF NEW RESEARCH AREAS: TRENDS AND QUESTIONS (ON THE MATERIAL OF NEUROLINGUISTICS TERMS)
Authors: IKONNIKOVA V.A.
Published: November 2024

The article is written with the memory of Vladimir Moiseevich Leitchik, a remarkable Russian scholar of language and terminologist, who contributed to the development of terminology in our country. The article highlights the origins of the terminological science as a discipline, identifies five main stages in the development of the science of terminology and presents key terms, which are extended with new content in each subsequent period. The integrative influence of cognitive sciences (and cognitive linguistics in particular) on the development of term science is demonstrated, which led to the emergence of some of the main methods of cognitive-discursive terminology based on the concepts of categorization and conceptualization. The article describes the peculiarities of definitional analysis, presents the consideration of conceptual metaphor and its connection with image schemas, shows the specificity of the description of conceptual integration and the construction of a cognitive map of a scientific field of knowledge.
Presenter in Modern Documentary Cinema: On and Off Screen
Authors: Venher Olena , Yambor Khrystyna-Mariia
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the article is to analyse the specifics of the presenter's work in documentary cinema and to outline the duties he/she performs on and off screen; to determine the impact of the presenter's work on the viewer; to explore the artistic means of searching for truth in contemporary non-fiction cinema; to determine the feasibility of using artistic reconstruction of events in a non-fiction film and identify the consequences of the use of false information by the media. The research methodology is based on the use of theoretical and empirical methods of material analysis (to study scientific works by foreign authors, information sources, as well as contemporary documentaries). On the basis of the collected information, the author analyses the trends in the use of artistic reconstruction and comprehends the role of the presenter in the frame. The difference in the work on artistic reconstruction in the past and now is also traced. Theoretically, the collected information was analysed based on my own experience, as well as reviewing and analysing previously created films. The scientific novelty is that for the first time, the specifics of the presenter's work in the documentary genre are analysed and the roles that he/she can combine are identified. The influence of the presenter's work on the viewer is determined. The artistic means of searching for truth in contemporary non-fiction cinema are studied. A detailed analysis of the use of the method of artistic reconstruction in the documentary genre is carried out. The ethical issue of disseminating false information and its consequences is investigated. The author analyses how propagandists use information for their own benefit. The social significance of raising historically resonant topics in the media is established. Conclusions. The necessity of using reconstruction and other artistic means in documentaries as a way to hold the viewer's attention is substantiated. The significance of the presenter as the main communicator with the audience is explored, and the roles and functions that he or she can perform in this genre are identified. The importance of transmitting reliable data in the media and the consequences of not doing so are analysed.
Digital Technologies and Audio-Visual Innovations in the Modern Music Industry
Authors: Pecheranskyi Ihor
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the research is to analyse digital technologies and audiovisual tools and innovations that are actively used in the contemporary music industry, the example of the VR video Family by Icelandic singer Björk and the audiovisual instrument AirSticks by A. Ilsar). Research methodology. The article conducts scientific research within the paradigm of new audiovisual aesthetics and with the help of the techno-determinism principle, which made it possible to reveal the features and outline the impact of digital innovations and technological solutions on pop drama, creative musical improvisation, electronic music practice, etc.; general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, generalisation and abstraction were used when working with theoretical material. Scientific novelty. The article is the first to conceptually and theoretically examine the specifics and identify the significance of the VR video by Icelandic singer Björk Family and the audiovisual instrument AirSticks by A. Ilsar for the development of the music industry in the first quarter of the twenty-first century. Conclusions. It is proved that Björk’s progressive approach and concept is that the new digital music medium contains an immersive function that brings pop music closer to computer games, which is why Björk’s VR video Family and related technological innovations have contributed to the rethinking and revision of the normative structures of pop drama. It is noted that A. Ilsar’s audiovisual experiments in close collaboration with M. Gavrilov have proved that creativity and STEM skills will be important in the future. AirSticks is a tool that helps to create and perform electronic music and graphics in real-time using movements captured by portable motion controllers, and by synthesising spatially controlled sound design with a 3D gaming environment, promotes creative musical improvisation, social engagement, self-esteem, independence and identity through creativity.
Representation of War Events in the Creative Work of Theatre and Film Directors
Authors: Pohrebnіak Halyna
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the article is to carry out a comprehensive analysis and identify the peculiarities of directorial creativity in Ukrainian theatre and cinema institutions in terms of reflecting the events of the Soviet- German war. Research methodology. The methods of scientific analysis, comparison, and generalisation are comprehensively applied in the development of the topic. The article uses an interdisciplinary approach based on the involvement of such general scientific methods as a system of theoretical methods (induction, deduction, identification, complex artistic analysis, synthesis), which made it possible to study the factual basis of film distribution in cooperation with theatre artists. The typological method made it possible to examine common artistic principles in the creative pursuits of theatre and film masters. The analytical and systematic methods were used to examine the art historical aspect of the problem. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that it clarifies the interaction between theatre and cinema directing, outlines the main factors of interaction between the performing arts, and highlights the impact of socio-political processes on the activities of theatre and cinema. Conclusions. The director's means of representing the events of the war in theatre and cinema are outlined. The role of directors in highlighting the achievements of masters of theatre and cinema is shown.