bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Seaweed Extract (Gracilaria spp.) Towards the Freshness Quality Changes of Fresh Milkfish (Chanos chanos) During Cold Storage
Authors: Putri Chairunnisa Ramadhani , Subekti Sri , Yuli pujiastuti Dwi
Published: July 2023

Milkfish (Chanos chanos) is a type of fish that has high economic value and good nutrition but very easy to decay. People often use formaldehyde and preservatives synthesis of the other so that the fish is not quickly decay. Natural ingredients containing antibacterial compounds, one of which is Gracilaria spp, can be used as an alternative as a natural preservative. This study aims to determine the influence of seaweed extract (Gracilaria spp.) to change the freshness quality of the fish, milkfish (Chanos chanos) during cold storage. The design in this research is Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications and two factors, the first factor is the concentration of seaweed extract 700, 600, 500 ppm, and control (without soaking). The second factor is the length of storage time for 0, 3, and 6 days. Analysis of data using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued with the Duncan's Multiple Distance Test to determine differences between treatments. The results showed that the extract of seaweed (Gracilaria spp.) at a concentration of 500 ppm, 600 ppm, and 700 ppm during cold storage significantly effect (p<0.05) to changes in the quality of freshness of the fish, milkfish (Chanos chanos). The best treatment was at a concentration of 700 ppm. Gracilaria spp extract solution with a concentration of 700 ppm can be used as an antibacterial and to maintain the fresh quality of milkfish based on the total number of bacteria, organoleptic tests and pH tests.
Potency of Cellulolytic Bacteria in Ulva lactuca from Ujung Genteng Beach, Sukabumi, Indonesia
Authors: Pari Rizfi Fariz , Hardiningtyas Safrina Dyah , Supraba Ranula
Published: July 2023

Fishery Ulva lactuca is a potential green seaweed species that causes green tides and has not been utilized. U. lactuca has the potency to attract cellulolytic bacteria due to its high carbohydrate content. U. lactuca is commonly found on the southern seacoast of Java Island, one of which is Ujung Genteng Beach, Sukabumi, Indonesia. In this research, we investigated the potential of cellulolytic bacteria from U. lactuca. Sources of bacteria are coming from the environment, the surface of the seaweed, and inside the seaweed (endophytes). To be able to determine the origin of the potential bacteria, the total plate count (TPC) was calculated with treatment without washing, washing with distilled water, and washing with a combination of distilled water and alcohol. From these bacteria, cellulolytic activity was tested using CMC media and morphological characterization. The most bacteria were found in the treatment without washing, as much as 7.48 Log Cfu/ml. The washing process reduced the TPC to 5.88 and 5.7 Log Cfu/ml in the treatment of washing with distilled water and washing with a combination of distilled water and alcohol, so that endophytic bacteria were obtained. The bacterial isolate with the highest cellulolytic potential was UW 1(1)1 5A1 from the non-washing treatment with a cellulolytic index of 2.25. These Gram-positive bacteria were in the form of filamentous lobates with a matte cream color with cocci-shaped cells. Meanwhile, the potential endophytic bacteria were Gram-positive coccus bacteria UW 3(1)1.2 with a cellulolytic index of 0.85. Both isolates have the potency to degrade cellulose.
Characterization of atrial and ventricular remodeling in an improved minimally invasive mouse model of transverse aortic constriction
Authors: Navarro-Garcia Jose Alberto , Lahiri Satadru K. , Aguilar-Sanchez Yuriana , Reddy Anilkumar K. , Wehrens Xander H. T.
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Most large and small animal disease models of HF are based on surgical procedures. A common surgical technique to induce HF is transverse aortic constriction (TAC), which induces pressure overload. The conventional TAC (cTAC) procedure is a highly invasive surgery that is associated with severe inflammation and excessive perioperative deaths. Aim: To establish an improved, minimally invasive TAC (mTAC) procedure that does not require thoracotomy. Methods and results: Following anesthesia, mice were intubated, and a small incision was made at the neck and chest. After cutting the sternum about 4 mm, the aortic arch was approached without opening the pleural cavity. A suture was placed between the brachiocephalic artery and the left common carotid artery. This model was associated with low perioperative mortality and a highly reproducible constriction evidenced by an increased right-to-left carotid blood flow velocity ratio in mTAC mice (5.9 ± 0.2) vs. sham controls (1.2 ± 0.1; p < 0.001). mTAC mice exhibited progressive cardiac remodeling during the 8 weeks post-TAC, resulting in reduced left ventricular (LV) contractility, increased LV end-systolic diameter, left atrial enlargement and diastolic dysfunction, and an increased heart weight to tibia length ratio (mTAC: 15.0 ± 0.8 vs. sham: 10.1 ± 0.6; p < 0.01). Conclusion: Our data show that the mTAC procedure yields a highly reproducible phenotype consisting of LV contractile dysfunction and enlargement, combined with left atrial enlargement and diastolic dysfunction. Potential impact of the findings: This model may be used to test the molecular mechanisms underlying atrial remodeling associated with HF development or to evaluate therapeutic strategies to treat these conditions.
Egg quality and production by the addition of dried consortium probiotics on late-phase laying hens
Authors: Nabila Tissiana Irca , Adriani Lovita , Latipudin Diding , Mushawwir Andi , Mayasari Novi
Published: July 2023

Objective: Lactic acid bacteria are known to improve performance and gut health of laying hens. Several potential microbiotas that could enhance gut health are Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Bifidobacterium sp. Probiotics are microorganisms that play a role in improving the ecosystem of intestinal flora, which affects nutrient absorption process along with metabolism, and increase the production of eggs. This study aimed to determine the effect of the microbiota consortium in probiotic powder on egg quality and production for late-phase laying hens.

Methods: This research was done on January-April 2022 and used 40 Lohmann brown laying hens aged 70 weeks. The treatments given were 0, 2, 3, and 4% probiotic powder in laying hens’ feed. Egg samples were collected every week, and parameters observed in the study were egg quality consisting egg weight, egg volume, and egg weight composition such as yolk weight, egg white weight, eggshell weight, yolk index, haugh unit, and egg production.

Results: The result of the study showed that the addition of probiotic powder could not enhance the egg quality (P>0.05) based on egg weight, volume, yolk index, haugh unit, and egg weight composition. However, a 4% level of probiotic powder could improve egg production significantly (P<0.01).

Conclusions: Hence, we can conclude that probiotic powder could be used as a feed additive to improve egg production in late-phase laying hens.
Socioeconomic Status And Motivation Effect on Students' English Speaking Skill
Authors: Sabri Rezki Aulia , Hamid Radiah
Published: July 2023

The research aimed at finding out whether or not (1) there was a significant effect between socioeconomic status on students’ speaking skill, and (2) there was a significant effect between motivation on students’ speaking skill at second semester of English Department Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar. The research method was Descriptive Quantitative Research. The data collected through questionnaires (to obtained students’ socioeconomic status and motivation) and lecturer's document (to obtained students’ speaking score). From the population of 61 students in Academic Year 2021/2022, the researcher chose 30 students as sample by using random sampling techniques. The data analyzed by using Multiple Liniear Regression Analysis in SPSS. The result of data analysis, it found 1) based on T-test, the results of socioeconomic status on students’ speaking skill were T-test 1.456 > T-table 1.703, indicating there was no significant effect of socioeconomic status on students’ speaking skill, 2) based on T-test, the results of motivation on students’ speaking skill were T-test 4.199 > T-table 1.703 indicating that there was no significant effect of motivation on students’ speaking skill, This research suggested that regardless of socioeconomic status, lecturer keep provide students’ motivation to learn, motivates students about the benefits of having speaking skills, such as getting good careers, transferring knowledge to other people, and travelling abroad.
Drama as The Way To Integrate Literature in English Language Teaching
Authors: Wahya Tiara Nadiya Itabi , Amrullah Muhammad Iqbal , Rohmana Wahyu Indah Mala
Published: July 2023

This article analyzes how drama in learning English can be an interesting and not boring lesson for students at school. This is to ensure that learning English is well integrated. Drama can be used to teach English skills, speaking, and listening. In addition, the teacher hopes that learning drama can be a way to improve learning literature in schools and increase students' talents. This study was conducted at the Al-Mahduqiah Modern Islamic Boarding School in East Java that uses a curriculum muallimin. The research methodology used in this article is qualitative, using a literature survey and interviews. As a basis for the analysis, interviews were conducted with two teachers. The purpose of studying literature learning is to find out how English is used in the process of teaching. The results of this study revealed that drama can improve the integration of literature learning in the classroom. Moreover, drama can be used as a means to engage students more enthusiastically in learning English and make it a more effective medium for teaching English.
Implementation of ESP to The Students of FEB Unismuh Makassar
Authors: Nurjannah Nurjannah , Ampa Andi Tenri , Qalbi Nur
Published: July 2023

The aims of this Research were: (1) to find out the implementation about the content of English for Specific Purpose Materials by students of IED at FEB at UNISMUH Makassar (2) to investigate the Lecturer’s Strategy in Teaching English for Specific Purpose. This study used descriptive qualitative method. Subject of this research was lecturer of IED at FEB at UNISMUH Makassar. The procedure of this Research is that researcher gives observation and documentation to lecturer. The results of this study showed that: first, the implementation of ESP materials focused on their academic studies and used related to the absolute and variable characteristics, the second the Lecturer’s strategy used Direct Teaching Strategy and Mastery Learning Strategy of ESP has be able of IED students. English materials needed by students of Islamic Economic study program is an interesting and useful material for them in the future, especially in their future career. Students also expect interesting material that is easy to understand and based on their desires. The researcher hopes that the results of this study can help the teaching lecturers to be used to make ESP based English teaching materials as they wish.
Study on grinding force and removal form of CNTs/2009Al composites with volume fraction of 3%
Authors: Wang Bin , Gao Qi , Sun Mengmeng , Liu Jiayi , Zheng Baohong
Published: July 2023

In this study, a grinding force model for micro-grinding (Carbon Nanotubes) CNTs/2009Al composites was established. In micro-grinding, the mechanism by which the grinding parameters affect the grinding force is discovered. Using ABAQUS software, a non-uniform finite element simulation model of the single abrasive grain grinding process of the CNT/2009AL composite was developed. The micro-grinding experiment of the CNT/2009AL composite was performed using an electroplated diamond grinding rod with a diameter of 2mm based on the orthogonal test method, and the impact of grinding parameters on the grinding force was examined. The findings reveal that the grinding depth has the biggest impact on the grinding force, followed by the feed rate, while the spindle speed has the least impact. Additionally, as the grinding depth increases, the tangential force generated by the process increases while the radial force decreases. The relative error of the simulation and experimental data is 1.18%, which confirms the correctness of the simulated grinding. Through simulations of grinding, it has been determined that pull-out, fracture, and elastic deformation are the primary methods of CNT removal.
Bridging the Gap: Commodifying Infrastructure Condition Data with Crowdsensing
Authors: Eshkevari Soheil Sadeghi , Matarazzo Thomas , Milardo Sebastiano , Dabbaghchian Iman , Santi Paolo , Pakzad Shamim , Ratti Carlo , Cronin Liam
Published: July 2023

Structural information deficits about our aging bridges allowed several avoidable catastrophes in recent years. Data-driven methods for bridge vibration monitoring enable frequent, accurate structural assessments; however, the high costs of large-scale deployments of these systems make important condition information a luxury for bridge owners. Smartphone-based monitoring is inexpensive yet has produced structural information, i.e., modal frequencies, in crowdsensing applications. However, scalable bridge damage detection systems are unknown. Here we present the most extensive real-world study on bridge monitoring with crowdsourced smartphone-vehicle trips and simulate damage detection capabilities. Our method analyzes over 500 trips across four bridges with main spans ranging from 30 to 1300 meters in length, representing about one-quarter of US bridges, and extracts absolute value mode shapes, a damage-sensitive feature. We demonstrate a bridge health monitoring platform compatible with ride-sourcing data streams that check conditions daily. The result is the potential to commodify data-driven structural assessments globally.
A study of the manufacturing characteristics of new materials for an electric vehicle drive motor
Authors: kim seung soo , lee jae hoon , lee min , Lee Chun-Kyu
Published: July 2023

The global electric vehicle market is experiencing rapid development, with three core technologies driving this growth: batteries, driving motors, and platforms. Specifically, recent research has focused on the material trends and manufacturing characteristics of driving motors. A driving motor is responsible for converting electrical energy into kinetic energy and transmitting power, and its performance is categorized as either high-output or low-output based on the vehicle's requirements. Key factors that impact the output of driving motors include the size of the motor core, the magnet shape, and the material thickness, with the material being the most important factor related to performance improvements. As a result, specialized technologies for manufacturing driving motors are gaining traction, including the use of thin steel plate materials. This shift in manufacturing methods has been implemented to enhance the performance of the motor. To serve as the driving motor steel plate material, a thin steel plate material with a thickness of 0.2 ~ 0.25T was utilized, and the method of laminating by embossing, which enhances the lamination force, was replaced with adhesive lamination utilizing a bond. Two adhesive lamination methods were employed: the dot bond and the self-bond types. The dot-bond type involves creating bonds at several points on the motor core, while the self-bond type employs bond-coated steel plate materials for lamination. Prior to incorporating the new self-bond steel plate material into the mass production line, a study of the manufacturing facility conditions and manufacturing characteristics was conducted.
A non-FRET DNA reporter that changes fluorescence color upon nuclease digestion
Authors: Hong Soonwoo , Walker Jada N. , Luong Aaron T. , Mathews Jonathan , Shields Samuel , Kuo Yu-An , Chen Yuan-I , Nguyen Duc Trung , He Yujie , Nguyen Anh Thu , Brodbelt Jennifer , Yeh Hsin-Chih
Published: July 2023

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) reporters are commonly used in the final steps of nucleic acid amplification tests to indicate the presence of nucleic acid targets, where fluorescence is restored by nuclease activities cleaving the FRET reporters. However, the need for dual labeling and purification in manufacturing makes them expensive. Here we demonstrate a low-cost silver nanocluster reporter that does not rely on FRET as the on/off switching mechanism but can fluoresce differently upon nuclease digestion. A 90-nm red shift in emission is observed upon reporter cleavage, which a simple donor-quencher FRET reporter cannot achieve. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) results suggest that the stoichiometric change of silver cluster from Ag13 (in the intact DNA host) to Ag10 (in the fragments) is likely responsible for the emission color change after reporter digestion. Our results demonstrate that DNA-templated silver nanocluster probes can be versatile reporters for detecting nuclease activities and provide insights into the interactions between nucleases and metallo-DNA nanomaterials.
Morphological and functional characterization of long bones and peri-implant biomechanics in type 2 diabetic rats treated with resveratrol
Authors: Wajima Carolina Sayuri , Palin Letícia Pitol , Batista Fábio Roberto Souza , Santos Paulo Henrique , Matsushita Dóris Hissako , Okamoto Roberta
Published: July 2023

Type 2 diabetes interferes with bone remodeling mechanisms, requiring studies to reverse this damage, and resveratrol is a polyphenol with rich properties. This study aimed to characterize the long bone morphology and peri-implant biomechanics of normoglycemic and type 2 diabetic animals treated with resveratrol. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were used and divided into normoglycemic and diabetic with or without treatment. They had the installation of implants in the tibia and treatment with oral resveratrol within 45 days. Resveratrol was responsible for weight homeostasis and decreased glycemic levels in rats with type 2 diabetes. The three-point bending testing, resveratrol showed positive effects on the biomechanics of long bones, corroborating a more resistant bone in comparison to untreated diabetics. Micro-ct revealed how bone metabolism is affected by systemic disease, decreasing bone quality. The counter-torque normoglycemic animals showed superior osseointegration to diabetes, with no differences in the administration of the polyphenol, showing the sovereignty of the deleterious effects of the disease when there is a tissue lesion and an inflammatory picture installed. Overall, resveratrol acted positively in the etiopathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and revealed positive effects on the strength of long bones.
GGE Biplot Analysis for Cane Yield and Sugar Yield in Advanced clones of Sugarcane (Saccharum sp. complex)
Authors: Chaudhary Divya , Jeena Anand Singh , Singh Narendra Kumar , Pant Usha , Rohit Rohit , Gaur Sonali
Published: July 2023

The present investigation was taken up to study the G×E interaction and stability analysis by GGE biplot method in fourteen sugarcane clones during 2020-21 and 2021-22 at four different locations namely Pantnagar, Kashipur, Dhanauri (Haridwar) and Dhakrani (Dehradun) for CY and SY at the 10-month and 12-month stages. The combined ANOVA revealed significant differences among the clones, environments and their interactions for CY and SY at both stages, revealed presence of sufficient variability in the materials being studied. To analyze the stability of genotype and G×E interaction studies, the GGE biplot method was employed. The first two PCs explained 77.94% for CY (PC1 = 63.01%, PC2 = 14.93%), 74.4% for SY at the 10-month stage (PC1 = 55.64%, PC2 = 18.76%), and 81.01% for SY at 12-month stage (PC1 = 63.64%, PC2 = 17.37%) of the total variation of the GGE model. GGE biplot "which-won-where" revealed genotypes G2, G4, G6, and G7 were found to be ideal genotypes for CY as well as SY at the 10-month and 12-month stages. Based on the "discrimination vs representativeness" GGE biplot, E4 and E2 were identified as ideal test environments for selecting widely and specifically adapted genotypes, respectively, for CY and SY at the 10-month as well as 12-month stages. The clones showed crossover G×E interaction for the SY at the 10-month stage. The "mean vs stability" GGE biplot revealed that G6 had high mean and stability for CY and SY at both stages.
Exploring the Relationship of Smartphone Addiction on Attention Deficit, Hyperactivity Symptoms, and Sleep Quality among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zeyrek İbrahim , Tabara Muhammed Fatih , Çakan Mahmut
Published: July 2023

Background
The prevalence of smartphone usage is steadily rising, leading to the potential development of addiction due to problematic use. This study examined the relationship between smartphone addiction, self-perceived attention deficit and hyperactivity symptoms, and sleep quality among 443 university students at Bingöl University.
Methods
Participants completed several questionnaires, including the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1).
Results
This study examined 443 participants, with a mean age of 20.97 ± 3.29, of whom 72.7% (n = 322) were female. The aim was to explore the relationship between smartphone usage patterns and sleep quality. Results showed that the majority of participants primarily used smartphones (94.8%, n = 420) for social media browsing (49.9%, n = 221). Factors such as smoking, preference for smartphone screens, and prolonged screen exposure significantly affected sleep quality. Smartphone addiction rates were notable, with 50.4% (n = 61) of males and 47.2% (n = 152) of females being affected, and this addiction was associated with poorer sleep quality. Correlations were found between age, sleep duration, and scores on smartphone addiction, sleep quality, and attention deficit scales. Linear regression analysis revealed that age, attention deficit scores, and sleep quality scores significantly influenced levels of smartphone addiction.
Conclusions
These findings contribute valuable insights into the impact of smartphone addiction on attention and sleep in university students.
Violation of Bell inequality by photon scattering on a two-level emitter
Authors: Liu Shikai , Sandberg Oliver , Chen Ming Lai , Schrinski Bjorn , Anyfantaki Yiouli , Nielsen Rasmus , Larsen Robert , Skalkin Andrei , Wang Ying , Midolo Leonardo , Scholz Sven , Wieck Andreas , Ludwig Arne , Sørensen Anders , Tiranov Alexey , Lodahl Peter
Published: July 2023

Entanglement, the non-local correlations present in multipartite quantum systems, is a curious feature of quantum mechanics and the fuel of quantum technology. It is therefore a major priority to develop energy-conserving and simple methods for generating high-fidelity entangled states. In the case of light, entanglement can be realized by interactions with matter, although the required nonlinear interaction is typically weak, thereby limiting its applicability. Here, we show how a single two-level emitter deterministically coupled to light in a nanophotonic waveguide is used to realize genuine photonic quantum entanglement for excitation at the single photon level. By virtue of the efficient optical coupling, two-photon interactions are strongly mediated by the emitter realizing a giant nonlinearity that leads to entanglement. We experimentally generate and verify energy-time entanglement by violating a Bell inequality (Clauder-Horne-Shimony-Holt Bell parameter of S = 2.67(16)>2) in an interferometric measurement of the two-photon scattering response. As an attractive feature of this approach, the two-level emitter acts as a passive scatterer initially prepared in the ground state, i.e., no advanced spin control is required. This experiment is a fundamental advancement that may pave a new route for ultra-low energy-consuming synthesis of photonic entangled states for quantum simulators or metrology.
Breaking Barriers in Candida spp. Detection: Harnessing Electronic Noses and AI for Swift Diagnosis
Authors: Bastos Michael L. , de Lima Maria Andressa N. , Benevides Clayton A. , Zanchettin Cleber , Menezes Frederico D. , Inácio Cícero P. , Filho José Gilson A. T. , Neves Rejane P. , Almeida Leandro M. , Neto Reginaldo G. de Lima
Published: July 2023

The timely and accurate diagnosis of candidemia, a severe bloodstream infection caused by Candida spp., remains challenging in clinical practice. Blood culture, the current gold standard technique, suffers from lengthy turnaround times and limited sensitivity. To address these limitations, we propose a novel approach utilizing an Electronic Nose (E-nose) combined with Time Series-based classification techniques to analyze and identify Candida spp. rapidly from blood, using culture species of C. albicans, C.kodamaea ohmeri, C. glabrara, C. haemulonii, C. parapsilosis e C. krusei as control samples. This innovative method not only enhances diagnostic accuracy and reduces decision time for healthcare professionals in selecting appropriate treatments but also offers the potential for expanded usage and cost reduction due to the E-nose’s low production costs. Our experimental results demonstrate promising outcomes, with the Inception Time classifier achieving an impressive average accuracy of 97.46% during the test phase. This paper presents a groundbreaking advancement in the field, empowering medical practitioners with an efficient and reliable tool for early and precise identification of candidemia, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.
Selection and verification of rock-like materials for the Tongzi tunnel envelope
Authors: Chen Qingzhi , Liu Yuanming , Zhang Quan , Ou Xun , Teng Zhaolei , Li Yingxiao
Published: July 2023

This study will combine the detailed geological survey report of Tongzi Tunnel and the monitoring and measurement data of the site to select the surrounding rock section with rich structural surface and extensive distribution of medium-weathered mudstone and medium-weathered tuff as the representative section, drill cores to make natural rock specimens, and conduct uniaxial compression test. The Hoek-Brown criterion was then used to predict the rock strength of the tunnel envelope in the representative section, and based on this predicted strength a cement mortar with a mass ratio of water: cement: sand = 1:2:3 was selected to make specimens of the rock-like material. After the fabrication of the specimens, the reliability and feasibility of subsequent studies with the rock-like materials used in this study were supplemented by various means. The validation process is mainly to compare the rock-like material specimens with the natural rock specimens collected in the field and the rock-like material specimens recently adopted by other scholars in the following aspects. (1) Comparison of basic mechanical parameters. (2) The damage patterns and crack expansion patterns of natural rock material specimens and rock-like material specimens during uniaxial compression tests were compared by combining acoustic emission techniques and DIC2D-related techniques. (3) Tests were performed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to compare the microscopic particle and pore sizes of the two specimens. (4) The measured mechanical parameters of the rock-like material specimens were compared with those of the rock-like material specimens used in similar related studies. Through the verification of these four approaches, it was finally proved that the cement mortar with the mass matching ratio of water: cement: sand = 1:2:3 used in this study can be used as a rock-like material to make models to study the mechanical properties of the rock in the tunnel instead of the natural rock.
Molecular Detection of Trypanosomes and Xenomonitoring of Host Range from the Feeding Patterns of Glossina Species Collected from Northern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria
Authors: Amos Grace Amarachi , Signaboubo Djoukzoumka , Ndams Iliya Shehu , Chechet Gloria Dada , Shuaibu Mohammed Nasir , Ibrahim Mahamat Alhadj Moussa , Mfopit Youssouf Mouliom , Tamuton Atoh Cedric Munu , Kelm Sørge , Berger Petra
Published: July 2023

Background
Trypanosomiasis is a vector-borne protozoan disease that is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa. In Nigeria, efforts to control trypanosomiasis include vector control, diagnosis, and treatment of the infection. These efforts exclude actions targeting reservoir hosts. This study was therefore undertaken to address these epidemiological and surveillance gaps.
Methods
For this purpose, Glossina species were trapped at Ijah Gbagyi and Yankari Games Resort. The hunger stage of the 220 dissected flies was categorised, blood meal was determined by COI and Cyt b gene tests. Trypanosomes were identified from samples taken from Glossina species flies. Trypanosomes were identified from the proboscis, salivary glands and midgut of tsetse flies from which the blood meal was obtained by amplifying the ITS1 rDNA gene.
Results
The results indicate a hunger stage of 2.72%, 34.09%, 63.18% for engorged, intermediate and starved flies respectively. The dominant host of Glossina palpalis palpalis was man, cattle, bird, squirrel, chimpanzee, bush pig and monitor lizard. Glossina morsitans submorsitans (man, bush pig, rat, buffalo, gazelle and guinea pig) and Glossina tachinoides (buffalo, warthog, antelope and guinea pig). Overall infection rates of Trypanosoma vivax (20.6%), Trypanosoma grayi (37.1%), Trypanosoma theleri (29.8%), Trypanosoma brucei spp. (3.1%) and Trypanosoma congolense (9.2%) were recorded.
Conclusion
These results suggest that wild animals acting as reservoir hosts are the source of the Trypanosoma species transmitted by Glossina.
Enhancing the accuracy of digital soil mapping using the surface and subsurface soil characteristics as continuous diagnostic layers
Authors: Osat Maryam , Heidari Ahmad , Fatehi Shahrokh
Published: July 2023

Digital soil mapping relies on relating soils to a particular set of covariates, which capture inherent soil spatial variation. In digital mapping of soil classes, the most commonly used covariates are topographic attributes, RS attributes, and maps, including geology, geomorphology, and land use, in contrast, the subsurface soil characteristics are usually ignored. Therefore, we investigate the possibility of using soil diagnostic characteristics as covariates in a mountainous landscape as the main aim of this study. Conventional covariates (CC) and a combination of soil covariates with conventional covariates (SCC) were used as covariates, and random forest (RF), Multinomial Logistic Regression (LR), and C5.0 Decision Trees (C5) were used as different machine learning algorithms in digital mapping of soil family classes. Based on the results, the RF model with the SCC dataset had the best performance (KC = 0.85, OA = 90). In all three models, adding soil covariates to the sets of covariates increased the model performance. Soil covariates, slope, and aspect, were selected as the principal auxiliary variables in describing the distribution of soil family classes.
Self-assembled AgNCs with United Umbilical Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosome-Repair in Spinal Cord Injury Rats
Authors: Yue Qianwen , Chen Jixiang , Cai Wang , Wan Huiyu , xin Dongyuan , Wang Ying , Wu Jingguo , Sun Jingyi
Published: July 2023

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex process that causes sensory and functional motor deficits, neuronal apoptosis, increased glial scarring, and an inflammatory environment, which is permanent damage. As a therapeutic cell, exosomes can penetrate the blood-brain barrier, regulate inflammation and immune response, inhibit apoptosis, and maintain the blood-spinal cord barrier by promoting angiogenesis and axon outgrowth, promoting the recovery of spinal cord function in rats, is a potential method for the treatment of motor and sensory function in SCI rats, and has attracted much attention in many disease fields. To find a new method for the treatment of spinal cord injury, we choose the Surface enhancement Raman (SERS) and cultured mesenchymal stem cells to obtain exosomes (uMSCEXOs), and then injected them into the injured rats through the tail vein, through observed the damaged parts of the spinal cord of the rats at different time points changes in tissue morphology, changes in inflammatory factors after injury, through the ELISA and SERS detection confirmed the Exos group rats showed high expression of inhibitory inflammatory factor IL-10 and decreased expression of inflammatory factor TNF-α after injury. After damage, the number of neurons in rats treated with exosomes increased. Exosomes will help expand the prospects of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in injury regeneration and repair.
Performance comparison of 2D mono-elemental (X-enes) armchair nanoribbon Schottky barrier Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Junghare Rajesh C. , Patil Ganesh
Published: July 2023

In this work, comprehensive analysis of Schottky barrier (SB) field effect transistors (FETs) having 2D mono-elemental (X-enes) nanoribbon (NR) with width of 10 dimers along the armchair direction as a channel material has been carried out. The multi-scale approach used for simulating the hydrogen passivated X-ene NR SBFETs consists of density functional theory (DFT), Wannier function based tight binding and the non-equilibrium Green’s Function formalism (NEGF). The derived bandgaps for X-enes such as graphene, germanene, phosphorene and silicene are 1.27, 0.379, 1.036 and 0.431 eV respectively. To incorporate the effect of band-bending at the metal-X-ene interface the modification in the conventional multi-scale approach has also been proposed. To mimic the effect of band bending at metal-X-ene interface the schemes proposed in the model are, addition of equivalent channel potential energy in the Hamiltonian matrix and the addition of fixed charges in initial charge profile. Further, the impact of SB width, Fermi level pinning and the scattering on the device performance has also been explored. The results show that the on-state drive current-to-off-state leakage current ratio in the case of graphene and phosphorene SBFETs is up-to the order ~107 whereas for silicene and germanene SBFETs it is in the order of ~103.
Exploring the Burden of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in Immigrant Populations: A Scoping Review
Authors: Tsetseri Maria-Nefeli , Keene David J. , Silman Alan J. , Dakin Stephanie G.
Published: July 2023

This review investigates the burden, prevalence, and associated factors of chronic musculoskeletal pain in immigrants in Europe during the last decade with a focus on immigrants from North Africa and the Middle East. The intentions of the review are to inform healthcare policymakers, to identify gaps in the literature, and aid the planning of future research. Eleven observational studies were identified using online databases. Data suggest that chronic pain is more prevalent, more widespread, and more severe in immigrants, and that chronic pain deteriorates with length of stay in the destination country. Immigrant women were identified as a particularly vulnerable group for developing chronic pain and comorbid mental health disorders. Older age, lower education, financial hardship, being underweight or obese, time in transit during migration, experience of trauma, and immigration status were also associated with chronic pain. Anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder diagnoses were also more prevalent in immigrants and were significantly associated with chronic pain. Several gaps in the literature were identified: research is limited in terms of quantity and quality, does not reflect actual immigration trends, and does not account for immigration factors.
How intense exercise performed in two different training phases affects elite rowers' intestinal permeability
Authors: Dziewiecka Hanna , Kasperska Anna , Ostapiuk–Karolczuk Joanna , Cichoń-Woźniak Justyna , Basta Piotr , Skarpańska-Stejnborn Anna
Published: July 2023

Background: The study aimed to check the effect of the 2000m ergometer test on the gut permeability in elite rowers in two different phases of sport training. As an inflammatory marker during the competitive phase is higher, we hypothesize that markers of intestinal permeability will also be more elevated in that phase.
Methods: The study was performed during an annual preparation and competitive phase of training. Ten elite rowers of the Polish Rowing Team after applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria participated in the study. In both periods, the participants performed a 2000m ergometer test. Each time the blood samples were taken in the schedule: pre-, post-, and 1-hour post-exercise. Il-6, I-FABP, LPS, LBP, and zonulin levels were measured.
Results: There were significantly lower values of I-FABP and IL-6 observed in Post-exercise time in Test II compared to Test I. The resting value of LPS was significantly lower in Test II compared to Test I. Also, resting levels of LBP and zonulin were lower in Test II, but the differences were not significant.
Conclusions: Changes in gut permeability markers after extreme exercise tests may be the results of adaptive mechanisms occurring, indicating that rationally conducted training significantly decreases intestinal permeability. The ability of the gut to adapt to high levels of performance is crucial for the elite athlete.
The causal association between primary aldosteronism and cardiovascular diseases: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Shi Qiuyue , Zhang Min , Li Xin , Chen Jie , Du Qiu , Chen Yueming , Zhou Lin , Zhao Hong , Wang Ling , Mao Min , Chang Jing
Published: July 2023

Background
Many previous observational studies have shown that primary aldosteronism (PA) can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but the causal relationship is unclear.
Methods
We performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the causal association between PA and CVDs using summary statistics from the large publicly accessible genome-wide association study (GWAS) of PA (Ncases=1,724, Ncontrols=4,246) as well as six types of CVDs. Moreover, the inverse variance weighted (IVW) was used as the main method in MR analysis, and sensitivity analysis was further performed.
Results
Our results from the IVW analysis showed that genetically predicated PA conferred an increased risk of heart failure [odds ratio (OR) = 1.027, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.013–1.041, p = 1.452×10− 4], atrial fibrillation (OR = 1.066, 95%CI: 1.051–1.082, p = 2.835×10− 17), hypertension (OR = 1.163, 95%CI: 1.105–1.223, p = 4.752×10− 9), coronary artery disease (OR = 1.032, 95%CI: 1.022–1.043, p = 1.664×10− 9), stroke (OR = 1.060, 95%CI: 1.044–1.075, p = 2.270×10− 15), myocardial infarction (OR = 1.020, 95%CI: 1.001–1.039, p = 0.044). However, with the exception of hypertension (OR = 3.316, 95%CI: 1.347–8.159, p = 0.009), CVDs leading to PA were not confirmed in reverse causality analysis. The sensitivity analysis showed the robustness of the results.
Conclusion
It is confirmed from the genetic level that there is a causal relationship between PA and CVDs and also confirmed that PA and hypertension are mutually causal. Our work highlights the necessity of routine screening, diagnosis and treatment of PA.
Mindfulness-based mobile apps and university students’ social anxiety, loneliness and Well-being: Students’ Perceptions of the Mindfulness-based Treatment
Authors: Sun Li
Published: July 2023

The increasing use of digital technologies in daily life has led to a growing number of studies in the field of digital psychology. While research in this area has provided valuable insights into the potential benefits and drawbacks of digital technologies for mental health and well-being, there is still much to be learned about the complex relationship between technology and psychology. This study aimed to investigate the effects of mindfulness-based mobile apps on university students' anxiety, loneliness, and well-being. It also explored the participants’ perceptions of the addictiveness of mindfulness-based mobile apps. The study used a multi-phase research design consisting of a correlational research method, a pretest-posttest randomized controlled trial, and a qualitative case study. Three subsets of participants were selected for each phase: correlations (n = 300), treatment (n = 60), and qualitative (n = 20). Data were collected from various sources, including the social anxiety scale, well-being scale, social media use integration scale, and interview checklist. Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and t-tests were used to analyze the quantitative data, while thematic analysis was used for the qualitative data. The results confirmed a significant correlation between social media use and the study variables. The treatment also decreased students' anxiety and increased their well-being. The participants also had different positive perceptions of the use of mindfulness-based mobile apps. These findings have theoretical and practical implications for digital psychologists.
A Novel Method for the Detection of Oral Cancers: Deep Learning
Authors: Özmen Elif Esra , Kölüş Türkay , İçen Veysel
Published: July 2023

Background:Oral cancers are among the most common cancers worldwide. Deep learning (DL) represents a technology that emulates human characteristics through programmed algorithms. In our study, oral cancer photographs were presented to dental professionals and artifical intelligence (AI) systems for diagnosis.
Materials and Methods: Verified photographs of oral lesions and healthy oral tissues were obtained from scientific publications, internet search engines, and personal archives. AI systems were trained using DL networks. The trained models were tested on a test set of photographs that were not used for training. The objective was to detect and categorize the lesions. Dental professionals were also asked to categorize the lesions based on the test set photographs. The performances of AI systems and dental professionals were compared.
Results:The survey included responses from 154 dentists, with an average score of 0.871 ± 0.110. Among dentists, periodontists had the highest success rate, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value of 0.937 ± 0.083. However, no significant differences were observed in the success rates among the dentists based on their specialty, years of professional experience, or previous experience with oral cancer monitoring (p <0.05). Based on the test conducted on 32 images, the most successful models were ResNet-101 and Inception v3, with an AUC value of 0.958.
Conclusion: The rapid advancements in DL are associated with numerous advantages in various fields, including healthcare, especially with regard to achieving accurate diagnoses. These benefits also extend to oral cancers. We found that data-driven AI systems can make a reliable and objective diagnosis of oral cancer.
The impact of outworking on the health status of rural residents - An empirical analysis based on propensity score matching-difference-in-differences model
Authors: Ma Ximin , He Jiahui , Li Chunsheng , Song Mingsha , Wang Youyun , Li Peiwen , Chen Kexin , Qiao Hui
Published: July 2023

Background: Since China's reform and opening up, rural labor mobility has become increasingly evident. In this study, we measured the effect of outworking on the health status of rural residents and tested the net effect of outworking on the health status of rural residents based on a propensity score matching-difference-in-differences model.
Methods: Based on panel data from the Ningxia Household Health Enquiry Survey for Rural Residents 2019 and 2022, 26,738 rural residents were analyzed using a propensity score matching-difference-in-differences model to analyze the changes in the health status of rural residents before and after outworking, and robustness tests were conducted by different matching methods.
Results: Outworking had a significant positive effect (P<0.05) on the health of rural residents. Robustness tests found that the sign of the estimated coefficients (β>0) and the level of significance (P<0.05) were consistent across the matching methods. The analysis of heterogeneity found that the impact of outworking on health had lower significant coefficients for women, for those aged 45 to 60, and for low and middle-income and high-income households.
Conclusion:The human capital of the rural workforce should be enhanced and encouraged to go out to promote employment, which will also play a positive role in improving the health of the rural population.
An Efficient and Lightweight Chaotic Function with Key Exchange Protection For Man in the Middle Attack in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET)
Authors: Soni Ashish Kumar , Gupta Rajendra , Khare Ankur
Published: July 2023

Independent communication in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks is widely recommended in Ad-hoc Networks to easily transmit data in undefined situations and make strong connections between sensors directly without any extra infrastructure. The MANET network's security issues are explored and solved by using high-security features by chaotic function. The chaotic cryptographic security can make help by generating highly complex pseudo-random numbers. The complexity is the first feature of the chaotic cryptosystem to get high-level security applications for the MANETs communication. In this paper, the Diffie-Hellman key exchange protection is used to establish the identification of user access links, and a chaotic function is added to generate highly complex situations for attackers to read the encrypted information. The lightweight speed of chaotic functions can also prevent protection without giving time to attackers. So both security features are combined as an Efficient and Lightweight Chaotic function with Key Exchange Protection (EL-CKP). The Efficient protection and lightweight speed of EL-CKP are analyzed better than existing AES and RSA security algorithms by comparative analysis of encryption time and the avalanche effect.
Retain strength, gain ductility: tough and transparent nanopapers by mercerisation
Authors: Mayer Florian , Prado-Roller Alexander , Mautner Andreas , Bismarck Alexander
Published: July 2023

Nanocellulose papers offer high tensile strength and modulus but suffer from drawbacks such as their brittle nature. Many attempts to alleviate these disadvantages were reported, with most of them being time and/or resource-intensive or requiring additional chemical or mechanical (pre)treatments, modification, or the use of additives. We show that mercerisation of cellulose nanopapers in strong alkaline media for 2 min to 24 h results in the (partial) transformation of native cellulose I into the more ductile cellulose II allomorph. The strain to failure of mercerised nanopapers tripled compared to the original nanopapers while retaining their tensile strength in excess of 100 MPa at the expense of a slight drop in modulus resulting in a significant increase in toughness (total work of fracture). An additional advantage of mercerisation is a reduction in porosity of the nanopapers and increased transparency.