bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Chemiluminescence Assay for Tissue Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Complex and Its Applicability to Gastric Cancer
Authors: Ji Yu , Qin Yan , Tan Qi , Qiu Yanru , Han Shuang , Qi Xiaowei
Published: October 2023

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE), is a noteworthy complication in individuals with gastric cancer, but the current diagnosis and treatment methods lack accuracy. In this study, we developed a t-PAIC chemiluminescence kit and employed chemiluminescence to detect the tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor complex (t-PAIC), thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT), plasmin-α2-plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC) and thrombomodulin (TM), combined with D-dimer and fibrin degradation products (FDP), to investigate their diagnostic potential for venous thrombosis in gastric cancer patients. The study assessed variations in six indicators among gastric cancer patients at different stages.
Results: The t-PAIC reagent showed LOD is 1.2 ng/mL and a linear factor R greater than 0.99. The reagents demonstrated accurate results, with all accuracy deviations being within 5%. The intra-batch and inter-batch CVs for the t-PAIC reagent were both within 8%. The correlation coefficient R between this method and Sysmex was 0.979. Gastric cancer patients exhibited elevated levels of TAT, PIC, TM, D-D, FDP compared to the healthy population, while no significant difference was observed in t-PAIC. In the staging of gastric cancer, patients in Ⅲ-Ⅳ stages exhibit higher levels of the six markers compared to those in Ⅰ-Ⅱ stages. The ROC curve indicates an enhancement in sensitivity and specificity of the combined diagnosis of four or six indicators.
Conclusion: Our chemiluminescence assay performs comparably to Sysmex’s method and at a reduced cost. The use of multiple markers, including t-PAIC, TM, TAT, PIC, D-D, and FDP, is superior to the use of single markers for diagnosing VTE in patients with malignant tumors. Gastric cancer patients should be screened for the six markers to facilitate proactive prophylaxis, determine the most appropriate treatment timing, ameliorate their prognosis, decrease the occurrence of venous thrombosis and mortality, and extend their survival.
Origin of current intermediate wheatgrass germplasm being developed for Kernza grain production
Authors: Wagoner Peggy , Crain Jared , Larson Steve , DeHaan Lee
Published: October 2023

Intermediate wheatgrass (IWG, Thinopyrum intermedium [Host] Barkworth & D. R. Dewey) has been developed as a perennial grain crop to provide ecosystem services, environmental benefits, and human food. Grain and products derived from IWG varieties improved for food production have been marketed under the registered trademark, Kernza. In the 1980s, a joint breeding effort between the Rodale Institute (RI) and the Big Flats Plant Material Center used IWG plant introductions (PI) from the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) and recurrent phenotypic selection to improve populations of IWG with the goal of developing a perennial grain. Initial selections were provided to The Land Institute where they were subsequently improved for grain production, yet the identity of the founder material of improved, food-grade IWG has not been publicly documented. Recently recovered original documents have been used to reconstruct the early breeding program to identify the most likely 20 PIs that form the founders of modern food-grade IWG. Molecular data using genotyping-by-sequencing in current elite breeding material, remnant seed from the initial RI selections, and preserved sample material have provided supporting evidence for the historical records. The genetic origin for food-grade IWG is focused between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea in the Stavropol region of Russia, with smaller contributions likely from collections as distant as Kazakhstan in the east to Turkey in the west. This work connects the flow of germplasm and utility of NPGS PIs to present day IWG grain cultivars being developed in multiple breeding programs around the world.
Availability of the current and future water resources in Equatorial Central Africa, case of the Nyong forest catchment in Cameroon
Authors: Ebodé Valentin Brice , Onana Ngono , Dzana Jean Guy , Amougou Joseph Armathé , Batha Romain Armand Soleil , Boyomo Thomas , Mbeih Ndjela
Published: October 2023

To anticipate disasters (drought, floods, etc.) caused by environmental forcing and reduce their impacts on its fragile economy, sub-Saharan Africa needs a good knowledge of the availability of current water resources and reliable hydroclimatic forecasts. This study has as objective to quantify the availability of water resources in the Nyong basin and predict its future evolution (2024–2050). For this, the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model was used. The performance of this model is satisfactory in calibration and validation, with R2, NSE and KGE greater than 0.64. Biases lower than − 14% also attest to this good performance. In the investigated basin, infiltration (GW_RCH), evapotranspiration (ETP), runoff (SURQ) and water yield (WYLD) are greater in the East, probably due to more abundant rainfall in this part. The flows and sediment load (SED) are greater in the middle zone and in the Southwest of the basin, certainly because of the relief of this part, which corresponds to the valley floor. Two models (CCCma and REMO) predict a decline in water resources in this basin, and two others (HIRHAM5 and RCA4) the opposite. However, based on a statistical study carried out over the historical period (2001–2005), the CCCma model seems the most reliable. It forecasts a drop in precipitation and runoff, which do not exceed − 19% and − 18%, respectively, whatever the emission scenario (RCP4.5 or RCP8.5). Climate variability (CV) is the only forcing whose impact is visible in the dynamics of current and future flows, due to the modest current and future changes observed in the evolution of land use and land cover (LULC). The results of this study could contribute to improving water resource management in the basin studied and the region.
Applications of 3D printing in orthopedics: A scoping review
Authors: Onggo Jason Derry , Fong Francis Jia Yi , Munro Yasmin Lynda , Yam Michael Gui Jie
Published: October 2023

Purpose
In light of increasing adoption of 3D printing in clinical practice, this review aims to provide an updated overview on the current applications of 3D printing in orthopaedics and identify the gaps in existing literature.
Methods
Electronic database search of PubMed, Embase, Ovidmedline, Cochrane Library and Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature was performed on 7 April 2023, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines for scoping reviews. The searches were conducted using the keywords relating to “orthopaedic” and “three-dimensional printing”. No restrictions were placed on the date of publication.
Results
1333 articles were included in the final synthesis of this review. 6 main themes were identified: surgical planning (57.01%), implants (28.73%), prostheses (5.03%), surgical training and education (4.20%), orthosis (3.98%) and patient education (1.05%). Specialties which commonly used 3D-printing included trauma, spine and adult reconstruction. Common anatomical sites included pelvis, spine and knee. Titanium was the most used material, followed by polylactic acid and resin. Titanium was predominantly used in 3D printed implants while polylactic acid and resin were predominantly used during surgical planning. There was a paucity of literature pertaining to legal and economical papers.
Conclusion
Existing literature demonstrates the growing applications of 3D printing in orthopaedics with the potential for it to address the needs of low-income countries, improve patient outcomes and enhance surgical practices. However, further research is needed to explore the clinical, economic aspects and optimization of workflow to establish 3D printing as a standard of care in orthopaedics.
Comprehensive Pancancer Analysis of TUBB6 as a Marker for Prognosis and Immunotherapy Response
Authors: YANG CHI , LEI QINGJUN , HU YAN , YI KE , SUN XUAN , XU XIAOHUI
Published: October 2023

Background TUBB6 is a member of the β-tubulin gene family. However, its prognostic value and involvement in immune response remain unclear to date. Here, we assessed the function of TUBB6 in pancancer.Methods We utilized The Cancer Genome Atlas database, to explore the expression levels and prognosis of TUBB6 in pancancer. Using the cBioPortal and TCGA databases, we assessed immune, mutation, methylation and drug sensitivity of TUBB6. We further used the GeneMANIA and CancerSEA to explore its molecular function. Subsequently, TUBB6 overexpression was to determine its function on COAD in vitro.Results The results revealed intriguing patterns of TUBB6 expression in different tumor types. TUBB6 levels positively correlated with pathological stage, N stage, and T stage in many cancers. Patients with TUBB6 overexpression in many cancers had poor prognosis. Moreover, we found that TUBB6 expression was positively correlated with TME constituents and DNA methylation in most tumors. In addition, single-cell analysis and GSEA revealed that TUBB6 participates in EMT, hypoxia, and angiogenesis in many cancers. Furthermore, TUBB6 overexpression significantly inhibited cell proliferation, and cycle.Conclusion TUBB6 participates in the immune infiltration and the prognosis in multiple cancers. These findings suggest that TUBB6 may be a latent prognostic biomarker and immunotherapy target for tumors.
Control Strategies for Energy Enhancement of LDR and GPS based PV System under Varying Weather Conditions
Authors: Kumar Kanhaiya , Varshney Lokesh , Varshney Geetika , Vardhan Aanchal Singh S.
Published: October 2023

Energy harvesting tests have been piloted in the experiment paper using a static base Photovoltaic (PV) configuration and a two-orientation Sun follower module with ten watt solar panels. The sun follower arrangement in the global positioning system (GPS) is designed to ensure the best potential power output from solar radiation. By tracing the sun’s trajectory across the sky over the course of the day, the GPS-based two-orientation sun following system has been able to record sunlight intensity from 6:00 to 18:30 solar time. The sun follower module with GPS has a higher engrossed power than the Light Dependent Resister (LDR) based two-axis follower and the static base panel, with the average energy generation on a sunny, hazy, foggy, or rainy day being 146.7Wh, 82.45Wh, and 42.79Wh, respectively. The solar panel used here is flexible and use 15 • of step tracking to reduce syste power consumption. In 2021, the average amount of 1 energy produced by the two-axis-GPS sun following system was 4.021754Wh/-day, 45.85% more than the average amount of energy produced by the LDR (22% to 35%) and static base PV system.
The safety and feasibility of Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic technology in splenectomy
Authors: Chen Wenhui , Huang Xianyu , Liao Yonghui , Dai Qixin , zhong dingwen
Published: October 2023

Background laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) has been reported as a safe, minimally invasive surgery. The hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy (HALS) approach overcomes the drawbacks of LS with added advantages. We aimed to compare the safety and feasibility of HALS and LS.Method We retrospectively collected patients who underwent HALS or LS from January 2019 to December 2022 at the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Nanchang University. Demographic characteristics and perioperative variables related to HALS or LS were collected, and the clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results Between January 2019 to December 2022, 62 patients who underwent HALS (n = 35) and LS (n = 27) were collected in this study. There were no conversions to open surgery in the HALS group during surgery. HALS showed significantly better results with respect to shorter operative time (P < 0.001), postoperative hospital stay (P < 0.001), faster food intake (P = 0.04), and less estimated blood loss (P = 0.01). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of overall complication. Ninety-day mortality was not observed among the patients.Conclusion This study showed that hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy is safe, feasible, and effective. It deserves to be widely accepted, especially in emergency surgery for splenic rupture.
Expression of Semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) in breast cancer subtypes.
Authors: Andryszak Natalia , Kurzawa Paweł , Krzyżaniak Monika , Ruchała Marek , Nowicki Michał , Iżycki Dariusz , Czepczyński Rafał
Published: October 2023

Background: Breast cancer is a major health concern, and its accurate diagnosis and management depend on identifying its histological type and biological subtype. Semaphorin-3A (SEMA3A) is a membrane protein with diverse roles in cellular processes, including cancer progression and angiogenesis regulation. However, its role in breast cancer remains poorly understood.
Methods: This study aimed to evaluate SEMA3A expression in breast cancer and investigate its distribution across breast cancer subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, HER2-positive, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Immunohistochemical evaluation was performed on 98 breast cancer patients' tumor specimens, and SEMA3A expression was assessed in tumor cells and vessels. The study included the analysis of the Ki67 proliferation index, estrogen receptor (ER) expression, progesterone receptor (PR) expression, and HER2 status in conjunction with SEMA3A expression.
Results: Analysis indicated positive expression of SEMA3A in breast cancer cells in 60 out of 98 cases. SEMA3A expression correlated positively with Ki67 levels in tumor cells (p=0.0005, R Spearman 0.338). Notably, a negative correlation was found between SEMA3A expression and ER and PR levels in tumor cells (p=0.04, Spearman's R = -0.21 and p=0.016, Spearman's R = -0,25 respectively). HER2 status did not significantly influence SEMA3A expression. The study demonstrated positive SEMA3A expression in tumor vessels across all subtypes in 91 out of 98 cases, suggesting its involvement in endothelial cell function. However, no significant differences in SEMA3A expression were observed between breast cancer subtypes either in vessels or tumor cells.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that elevated SEMA3A expression may be associated with worse prognosis in breast cancer, especially in ER- and PR-negative tumors. Further investigations are warranted to fully comprehend the role of SEMA3A in breast cancer biology, which may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets and personalized treatment strategies for breast cancer patients.
Conserving large mammals on small islands: a case study on one of the world’s most understudied pigs, the Togean Islands babirusa
Authors: Jati Agus Sudibyo , Broto Bayu Wisnu , Dri Gabriela Franzoi , Latifiana Kurnia , Fraver Shawn , Rej Ikeu Sri , Bustang FNU , Mortelliti Alessio
Published: October 2023

Conserving large mammals on small islands poses a great challenge, given their high resource demand within the limited space available. The endangered Togean Islands babirusa (Babyrousa togeanensis) is one of these species, with a distribution range limited to four small islands in the Togean Archipelago, Indonesia. Despite being listed as endangered, very little information is available on the distribution and ecology of this species. To address this critical knowledge gap, we here report the first field-based ecological study of the Togean Islands babirusa across its entire distribution range. Following a stratified random sampling procedure, we distributed camera traps at 103 stations across four islands to collect data on the species distribution from July-October 2022. We performed an occupancy modeling analysis to assess the species' habitat use, with various habitat features estimated through remote sensing and field measurements as covariates. We found that forest and mangrove availability over a large area positively influenced babirusa habitat selection. Babirusas only made use of agricultural areas when large forest areas were available nearby. Our results highlight the benefits of redesigning the national park area to accommodate babirusa habitat requirements, specifically by reassigning the non-forested park areas (about 30% of the park area) to non-protected forests currently outside the park boundary (about 50% of total forested area). Our case study exemplifies key challenges associated with conserving large mammals on small islands and highlights the importance of following an adaptive management approach, which in this case implies shifting 30% of the current protected area.
Household Air Pollution and Risk of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Adults
Authors: Katoto Patrick D.M.C. , Bihehe Dieudonné , Brand Amanda , Mushi Raymond , Kusinza Aline , Alwood Brian W. , Zyl-Smit Richard N. van , Tamuzi Jacques L. , Sam-Agudu Nadia A. , Yotebieng Marcel , Metcalfe John , Theron Grant , Pollitt Krystal J. Godri , Lesosky Maia , Vanoirbeek Jeroen , Mortimer Kevin , Nawrot Tim , Nemery Benoit , Nachega Jean B.
Published: October 2023

Background
In developing countries, millions of deaths occur annually from household air pollution (HAP), pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), and HIV-infection. However, it is unknown whether HAP influences PTB risk among people living with HIV-infection.
Methods
We conducted a case-control study among 1,277 HIV-infected adults in Bukavu, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (February 2018 – March 2019). Cases had current or recent (<5y) PTB (positive sputum smear or Xpert MTB/RIF), controls had no PTB. Daily and lifetime HAP exposure were assessed by questionnaire and, in a random sub-sample (n=270), by 24-hour measurements of personal carbon monoxide (CO) at home. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the associations between HAP and PTB.
Results
We recruited 435 cases and 842 controls (median age 41 years, [IQR] 33-50; 76% female). Cases were more likely to be female than male (63% vs 37%). Participants reporting cooking for >3h/day and ≥2 times/day and ≥5 days/weekwere more likely to have PTB (aOR 1·36; 95%CI 1·06-1·75) than those spending less time in the kitchen. Time-weighted average 24h personal CO exposure was related dose-dependently with the likelihood of having PTB, with aOR 4·64 (95%CI 1·1-20·7) for the highest quintile [12·3-76·2 ppm] compared to the lowest quintile [0·1-1·9 ppm].
Conclusion
Time spent cooking and personal CO exposure were independently associated with increased risk of PTB among people living with HIV. Considering the high burden of TB-HIV coinfection in the region, effective interventions are required to decrease HAP exposure caused by cooking with biomass among people living with HIV, especially women.
A spray-on environmentally friendly degradable mulch material and its weed suppressing effect in greenhouse experiments
Authors: Kirchinger Michael , Holzknecht Elias , Redl Markus , Steinkellner Siegrid , Emberger Peter , Remmele Edgar
Published: October 2023

This study describes a novel spray-on mulch material as an alternative to currently used weed control methods. The mulch material is based on renewable raw materials, mainly rapeseed oil, starch and sodium alginate. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the mulch material's heat and water resistance as well as any mold growth. Furthermore, the aerobic degradability of the mulch material was recorded using the DIN EN ISO 17556 method. In addition, the mulch material was spread on an experimental field and its durability was tested under natural conditions over the vegetation period. The weed suppressing effect of the mulch material was investigated in greenhouse experiments. The formulation of the mulch material was optimized for heat and water stability. Mould resistance was improved by adding sodium benzoate. In the laboratory experiment, the CO2 decomposition rate was about 30% after seven weeks. In the field, the mulch material maintained its function for six months. In the greenhouse, it was found that the mulch material showed a high efficiency in controlling aboveground biomass of Elymus repens, Amaranthus retroflexus, and Setaria viridis. In addition, the biomass of the roots of Amaranthus retroflexus and Elymus repens was reduced. Further studies are on the way to elucidate field suitability and the weed suppressive effect under different environmental conditions.
Stability and dispersion mechanism of Copper powders
Authors: Han Fei , Cao Mei , Lin Jiali , Liu Ting , Zhu Xiaoyun , Zhang Yan
Published: October 2023

The stability and dispersion of Copper (Cu) powders in an aqueous medium impacts their performances. Thus the Cu powders suspensions were prepared by adding different stabilizers -sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), and the stability and dispersion was studied to find suitable stabilizer. The study systematically examined the effect of the stability of suspensions via sedimentation analysis, such as solid-liquid ratio, the concentration of stabilizer and dispersion time. The particle size, the stability of suspensions, phase composition, and microstructure of Cu powders were characterized by laser particle size analyzer, zeta potential, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicated that the addition of PVP increased the stability of the suspension because of steric hindrance of PVP, and the formation of a thick hydration layer retards the growth and agglomeration of particles with the optimizing concentrations, dispersion time, and solid-liquid ratio 10 g/L, 30 min, and 1:25, respectively.
Pupil size regulated by ambient light levels affects visual acuity on the Snellen eye chart
Authors: Chin Hsin-Hua , Tai Ying-Hsuan , Yep Rachel , Wang Chin-An
Published: October 2023

(200) Pupil size changes in response to ambient light levels to regulate the amount of light entering the retina. This fundamental mechanism is believed to optimize the balance between visual acuity and sensitivity for effective visual processing. While prior studies have shown that larger pupil sizes can enhance target detection performance, research on the relationship between pupil size and visual acuity is less conclusive. The effects of pupil size on visual discrimination performance appear to be variable and task-dependent. By manipulating peripheral background luminance levels and target contrast, here we examine how absolute pupil size impacts visual acuity on the most common assessment of visual acuity, the Snellen eye chart. We found that higher background luminance levels were associated with improved target discrimination and faster correct reaction times. Moreover, using linear mixed models, we demonstrated a trial-by-trial intra-individual correlation between absolute pupil size and reaction times, with smaller pupil sizes correlating with better discrimination performance. In contrast, we did not observe inter-individual correlations between absolute pupil size and discrimination performance. Together, our results demonstrate that absolute pupil size, regulated by global luminance level, plays a functional role in enhancing visual acuity on the Snellen eye chart for effective foveal visual processing.
Bearing capacity of circular footing on sand: A critical state approach
Authors: Ramadan Mohamed I
Published: October 2023

There has been extensive research into the bearing capacity of circular footing under vertical centric load. Although the scatter values for the bearing capacity factor Nγ that have been suggested by different methods, the classical solution is still being widely used in the design codes. Sand particle morphology, footing diameter D, mean effective stress level pˊ, and sand relative density Dr, are some of the variables influencing the surface footing bearing capacity in sandy soil. Different sands may have various mobilization friction angles and, thus, various stress-strain responses, although they may have the same relative densities Dr and mean effective stresses pˊ. Therefore, it is possible that estimating bearing capacity factors based on peak friction angle may not accurately reflect the actual bearing capacity. In the current study, a three-dimensional finite element model (3D-FEM) was utilized. Hypoplastic sand model has been used to simulate sand behavior. It can effectively simulate the compression and shear behavior of sands over a broad confining pressure and density range. The model has been validated using experimental centrifuge and one element tests available in literature. Critical friction angle ϕcr has been considered as a shear strength parameter that is independent on pˊ and Dr. Further research is done using parametric analysis. The main objective is to assess the expected bearing capacity factor Nγ of various sand characteristics and to offer a solution that can be valid for a wide range of sand properties.
Estimation of vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2-associated hospitalisation using sentinel surveillance in South Africa, a test-negative case-control study
Authors: Chiwandire Nicola , Walaza Sibongile , von Gottberg Anne , Wolter Nicole , du Plessis Mignon , Moosa Fahima , Groome Michelle J. , Nel Jeremy , Variava Ebrahim , Dawood Halima , Makhasi Mvuyo , Feldstein Leora R. , Marcenac Perrine , Lafond Kathryn E. , Samuels Aaron M. , Cohen Cheryl
Published: October 2023

Background
COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies leveraging systematic surveillance in sub-Saharan Africa are limited. We aimed to assess BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S VE against SARS-CoV-2-associated hospitalisation in South African individuals aged ≥ 18 years.
Methods
We conducted a test-negative case-control study to estimate VE against hospitalisation in individuals enrolled in pneumonia surveillance in South Africa. Inpatients with physician-diagnosed lower respiratory tract infection or suspected COVID-19, testing SARS-CoV-2 positive or negative from May 2021‒March 2022 were cases or controls, respectively. Receiving one Ad26.COV2.S dose or two BNT162b2 doses ≥ 14 days before enrolment was considered fully vaccinated. VE was estimated using multivariable logistic regression for the Delta- and Omicron BA.1/BA.2-predominant periods; stratified by age and HIV-status.
Results
A total of 985 cases and 1,963 controls were included. Thirty-eight (3.9%) cases and 186 (9.5%) controls were fully vaccinated with BNT162b2; 30 (3.0%) cases and 94 (4.8%) controls were fully vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S. BNT162b2 VE against SARS-CoV-2-associated hospitalisation over Delta and Omicron BA.1/BA.2 periods was 77% (95% CI: 26%;93%) and 38% (-9%;64%), respectively. Ad26.COV2.S VE against hospitalisation over Delta and Omicron BA.1/BA.2 periods was 47% (-57%;82%), and − 19% (-128%;37%), respectively. BNT162b2 VE against hospitalisation over Delta period was 84% (37%;96%) and 76% (21%;93%) among adults aged ≥ 60 years and HIV-uninfected, respectively.
Conclusions
BNT162b2 vaccine was effective against SARS-CoV-2-associated hospitalisation during the Delta period for adults aged ≥ 18 years, those aged ≥ 60 years, and HIV-uninfected adults. VE for Ad26.COV2.S was non-significant potentially due to limited sample size or residual confounding. These findings highlight the utility of sentinel surveillance for estimating VE.
Medienpädagogik als Prävention gegen rechtspopulistische Rhetorik
Authors: Nietz Sina Marie , Müller Ragnar
Published: October 2023

Digitale Medien, insbesondere Soziale Netzwerke und Plattformen, stellen heute einen wichtigen Bestandteil gesellschaftlicher und politischer Öffentlichkeit dar. Hier konkurrieren, weitestgehend ungefiltert, verschiedene Meinungen und Akteur*innen um Aufmerksamkeit sowie Deutungshoheit sozialer Wirklichkeit. In diesem Kontext fallen rechte Akteur*innen regelmäßig durch ihre intensive Nutzung Sozialer Medien und die Verbreitung konstruierter Feindbilder auf. In diesem Beitrag sollen die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Rechtspopulismus und Medien aus verschiedenen Perspektiven thematisiert und diskutiert werden. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf den von Rechtspopulismus und Sozialen Medien geteilten Strategien der Aufmerksamkeitsökonomie und den sich daraus ergebenden Ansatzpunkten für die Medienpädagogik.
Thomas Knaus im Gespräch mit Gerhard Tulodziecki
Authors: Knaus Thomas , Tulodziecki Gerhard
Published: October 2023

Es ist Mai. Das Sommersemester ist in vollem Gange. Gerhard Tulodziecki hat vor wenigen Tagen ein neues Buch veröffentlicht: Es geht um individuelles Handeln, Gemeinwohl, Verantwortung und Künstliche Intelligenz (KI). Thomas Knaus kommt gerade aus seiner Einführungsvorlesung: In der heutigen Veranstaltung ging es um Medienentwicklung und deren gesellschaftlich-kulturelle Bedeutung. Auf den Folien zu KI-Expertensystemen und Machine Learning, die sich schon viele Jahre in seinem Foliensatz befinden, hat er für dieses Semester den Zusatz „Ausblick“ entfernt – die ursprünglichen Aussichten wurden inzwischen Realität: KI-basierte Dialog- sowie text- und bildgenerierende Systeme sind in unserem Alltag angekommen. In der Sitzung der Institutsleiter*innen in der vorletzten Woche ging es um „ChatGPT in Lehre und Prüfungen“. Einige Lehrende befürchten, dass sie eine ‚Künstliche Intelligenz‘ ersetzen könnte; der Geschichtsprofessor sorgt sich in Anbetracht textgenerierender KI um seine Studierenden, die die Kulturtechnik des Schreibens verlernen würden und andere Kolleg*innen berichten, wie sie text- und bildgenerative KI in der Lehre thematisieren, kontrovers mit Studierenden diskutieren und kreativ in Prüfungen einbinden. Auf Nachfrage einiger Kolleg*innen entstand am letzten Wochenende ein kurzes Video zu einer praktischen prüfungsrechtlichen Frage in der kleinen YouTube-Serie Medienpädagogik im Schaukelstuhl – eigentlich ein Format für Studierende.Alle Welt spricht derzeit von KI – konkreter von text- und bildgenerierenden Systemen – und noch konkreter von einem Chatbot, der auf einem large language model, dem Textgenerator GPT, basiert und vom US-amerikanischen Unternehmen OpenAI öffentlichkeitswirksam vorgestellt wurde. In dem hier verschriftlichten Gespräch begegnen sich zwei Medienpädagogen, die sich bereits seit vielen Jahren auch mit technischen und informatischen Fragen – und daher auch mit KI und ihrer gesellschaftlichen Bedeutung – befassen. Es gibt viel zu erzählen.
Morpho-Anatomy and Mathematical Modelling in Lilium philippinense Baker from Cordillera Central Range, Philippines
Authors: Jennifer C. Paltiyan-Bugtong  , Rey G. Lumpio  , Jones T. Napaldet
Published: October 2023

The study presents the morphology, anatomy and mathematical modelling in Benguet lily (Lilium philippinense Baker), a threatened species from the Cordillera Central Range and was often misidentified with the weedy L. formosanum. The plant is an annual herb with linear, spiral leaves; pure white, perfect, funnel-shaped, showy flowers; septicidal elongated capsule; and, brown, light, winged seeds. New findings in the study include the description of the capsule and seeds, biometric measurements of the different plant organs, the significant correlation and regression model of plant height and stem diameter for certain floral measurement, and its diagnostic characteristics vis-à-vis L. formosanum. Interesting findings on the taxon’s anatomy show a cross between a typical monocot and a typical dicot anatomy. It has a bifacial leaf structure (a common dicot character) but its spongy layer is not as widely spaced like in dicot leaf. The stem has a distinct cortex and pith (a dicot character) but has a scattered vascular bundles (a monocot character). Lastly, some roots have a narrow pith at the centre of the stele (a monocot character) while some roots have metaxylem elements at the centermost structure (a dicot character). Further studies need to be conducted to determine the ecological significance of these features.
Unveiling the Diversity of Periphytic Cyanobacteria (Cyanophyceae) from Tropical Mangroves in Penang, Malaysia
Authors: Nur Afiqah Abdul Rahim  , Faradina Merican Mohd Sidik Merican  , Ranina Radzi  , Wan Maznah Wan Omar  , Siti Azizah Mohd Nor  , Paul Broady  , Peter Convey
Published: October 2023

Cyanobacteria are one of the most important groups of photoautotrophic organisms, contributing to carbon and nitrogen fixation in mangroves worldwide. They also play an important role in soil retention and stabilisation and contribute to high plant productivity through their secretion of plant growth-promoting substances. However, their diversity and distribution in Malaysian mangrove ecosystems have yet to be studied in detail, despite Malaysia hosting a significant element of remaining mangroves globally. In a floristic survey conducted in Penang, peninsular Malaysia, 33 morphospecies of periphytic cyanobacteria were identified and described for the first time from a mangrove ecosystem in Malaysia. Sixteen genera, comprising Aphanocapsa, Chroococcus, Chroococcidiopsis, Cyanobacterium, Desmonostoc, Geitlerinema, Leptolyngbya, Lyngbya, Microcystis, Myxosarcina, Oscillatoria, Phormidium, Pseudanabaena, Spirulina, Trichocoleus and Xenococcus, were obtained from field material growing on diverse natural and artificial substrata. Oscillatoriales was the dominant order with Phormidium the dominant genus at nine of the 15 sampling sites examined. Three of the morphospecies, Aphanocapsa cf. concharum, Xenococcus cf. pallidus and Oscillatoria pseudocurviceps, are rare and poorly known morphospecies worldwide. Chroococcus minutus, Phormidium uncinatum, P. amphigranulata, and some species of Oscillatoriales are considered as pollution indicator species. This study provides important baseline information for further investigation of the cyanobacterial microflora present in other mangrove areas around Malaysia. A complete checklist will enhance understanding of their ecological role and the potential for benefits arising from useful secondary metabolites or threats via toxin production to the ecosystem.
Прогностическая роль генетических аберраций при лимфоме из клеток мантии: обзор литературы и собственные данные
Authors: Клеина Елизавета Вячеславовна , Волошин С. В. , Вокуева Ю. С. , Петухова О. Д. , Мотыко Е. В. , Бакай М. П. , Кустова Д. В. , Кириенко А. Н. , Линников С. Ю. , Карягина Е. В. , Успенская О. С. , Зюзгин И. С. , Сидоркевич С. В. , Мартынкевич И. С.
Published: October 2023

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a type of peripheral B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma characterized by constitutive cyclin D1 overexpression leading to cell-cycle dysregulation and disruption of DNA damage repair. Apart from the typical translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32) and more rare variants, such as t(2;11)(p11;q13) and t(11;22)(q13;q11), a considerable number of patients quite often show secondary molecular and chromosomal aberrations underlying heterogeneity of the clinical course of MCL. Among a wide range of molecular genetic abnormalities, particular attention during the last years has been concentrated on studying the so-called double-hit MCL within a subgroup of patients with translocations involving CCND1 and MYC genes. Double-hit MCL is distinguished with rapid progression and tumor generalization at the time of diagnosis. Poor prognosis and low survival rates in most MCL patients call for the fastest possible diagnosis. Morphological and immunohistochemical as well as genetic methods (standard cytogenetic technique and fluorescence in situ hybridization) contribute to improving the quality of evidence-based diagnosis. The results of comprehensive diagnostic studies optimize prognosis assessment and treatment decision making in clinic.
Perbandingan Performa Cluster Model Algoritma K-Means Dalam Mengelompokkan Penerima Bantuan Program Keluarga Harapan
Authors: Warisa Warisa , Nurahman Nurahman
Published: October 2023

Poverty has so far played a role as a problem faced by residents of the Mentawa Baru sub-district, Ketapang. The inability of this community is related to the need to meet education and health needs in social welfare. In assisting the grouping of beneficiary data is carried out using the K-Means algorithm. Apart from that, to increase performance, those who have gone through the first grouping process are then continued using feature selection in the decision tree tool. The algorithm used aims to classify PKH beneficiary data to help the government find out about the handling of the aid program in Mentawa Baru Ketapang sub-district. As for the results obtained from this study, namely, the accuracy of the initial clustering obtained a DBI value of -0.994 at K=8 while the second clustering value that had gone through feature selection with K=3 obtained a DBI value of -0.865. It is known from the performance testing of the comparison of the two clustering that the best performance value is found in the second cluster after going through feature selection.
Perbandingan Pre-Trained CNN: Klasifikasi Pengenalan Bahasa Isyarat Huruf Hijaiyah
Authors: Brianorman Yulrio , Munir Rinaldi
Published: October 2023

The number of documented deaf people continues to increase. To communicate with each other, the deaf use sign language. The problem arises when Muslims with hearing impairment or deafness need to recite the Al-Quran. Muslims recite Al-Quran using their voice, but for the deaf, there are no available means to do the reciting. Thus, learning hijaiyah letters using finger gestures is considered important to develop. In this study, we use the recognition of hijaiyah letters based on pictures as the learning model. The real-time-based recognition then uses the learning model. This study uses 4 CNN pre-trained models, namely MnetV2, VGG16, ResNet50, and Xception. The learning process shows that MnetV2, VGG16, and Xception reach the accuracy limit of 99.85% in 2, 3, and 11 s, respectively. Meanwhile, ResNet50 cannot reach the accuracy limit after processing 100 s. ResNet50 achieves 82.12% accuracy. The testing process shows that MnetV2, VGG16, and ResNet50 achieve 100% precision, recall, f1-score, and accuracy. ResNet50 shows figures 81.55%, 86.04%, 82.04%, and 82.58%. The implementing process of the learning outcomes from MnetV2 shows good performance for recognizing finger shapes in real-time.
Penambahan Variabel Tingkat Kecerdasan dari Chatbot untuk Mempengaruhi Kepercayaan Pengguna dalam Aplikasi Telekonsultasi Kesehatan
Authors: Panjaitan Hapizin Yonani , Masnita Yolanda , Kurniawati Kurniawati
Published: October 2023

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology is often encountered in everyday life, especially in the world of business marketing, namely chatbots which are part of the implementation of Natural Language Processing (NLP). However, in its application, it is still felt that it cannot meet the needs of consumers for the specific questions they often ask, especially for those who use health teleconsultation services. In this study, the intelligence variable is added as an additional variable to answer the level of user trust in the chatbot. The data used in this study are quantitative with the target respondents being users of health teleconsultation services with a minimum user experience of 1 year. A total of 178 respondents met the criteria from a total of 238 respondents. In this research, three variables are developed. For each dependent variable, empathy, friendliness, and intelligence are factors moderated by task complexity and chatbot disclosure to determine the results of the independent variable, which is trust towards the chatbot. Based on the results of the outer model and inner model analysis using SmartPLS, it can be concluded that the addition of intelligence variables has a positive effect on user trust in chatbots. In addition, the level of chatbot complexity is also able to mediate the relationship between intelligence and user trust in chatbots. However, chatbot disclosure has a negative effect as mediating the relationship between intelligence and user trust in chatbots. In the application of using chatbots, the level of intelligence may have an effect on user trust, but natural human attitudes such as friendliness from chatbots do not affect user trust.
Floquet fractional Chern insulators and competing phases in twisted bilayer graphene
Authors: Hu Peng-Sheng , Zhou Yi-Han , Liu Zhao
Published: October 2023

We study the many-body physics in twisted bilayer graphene coupled to periodic driving of a circularly polarized light when electron-electron interactions are taken into account. In the limit of high driving frequency \OmegaΩ, we use Floquet theory to formulate the system by an effective static Hamiltonian truncated to the order of \Omega^{-2}Ω−2, which consists of a single-electron part and the screened Coulomb interaction. We numerically simulate this effective Hamiltonian by extensive exact diagonalization in the parameter space spanned by the twist angle and the driving strength. Remarkably, in a wide region of the parameter space, we identify Floquet fractional Chern insulator states in the partially filled Floquet valence bands. We characterize these topologically ordered states by ground-state degeneracy, spectral flow, and entanglement spectrum. In regions of the parameter space where fractional Chern insulator states are absent, we find topologically trivial charge density waves and band-dispersion-induced Fermi liquids which strongly compete with fractional Chern insulator states.
Codebase release 1.0 for GRIFFIN
Authors: Chen Lisong , Freitas Ayres
Published: October 2023

This paper describes a modular framework for the description of electroweak scattering and decay processes, including but not limited to Z-resonance physics. The framework consistently combines a complex-pole expansion near an s-channel resonance with a regular fixed-order perturbative description away from the resonance in a manifestly gauge-invariant scheme. Leading vertex correction contributions are encapsulated in form factors that can be predicted or treated as numerical fit parameters. This framework has been implemented in the publicly available object-oriented C++ library GRIFFIN. Version 1.0 of this library provides Standard Model predictions for the IR-subtracted matrix elements for the process f\bar{f} \to f'\bar{f}'ff‾→f′f‾′ with full NNLO and leading higher-order contributions on the Z-resonance, and with NLO corrections off-resonance. The library can straightforwardly be extended to include higher-order corrections, should they become available, or predictions for new physics models. It can be interfaced with Monte-Carlo programs to account for QED and QCD initial-state and final-state radiation.
O voto do preso provisório e a aplicabilidade da Resolução 23.219/2010 do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral, nos pleitos eleitorais do estado de Pernambuco
Authors: Prazeres Paulo Joviniano Alvares dos , Pereira Francisco Caetano
Published: October 2023

O direito de votar decorre diretamente do exercício dos direitos políticos de todos os brasileiros, pois trata-se de um direito fundamental especificado pela nossa Carta Magna. Esse direito é garantido, também, aos presos provisórios, baseado no princípio constitucional da presunção de inocência, posto que tais cidadãos não permanecem em gozo dos seus direitos políticos. A vedação ao voto no nosso país é apenas para os presos condenados, por sentença condenatória definitiva, com trânsito em julgado pelo fato de estes terem os seus direitos políticos suspensos enquanto durarem os efeitos da condenação. Embora seja uma garantia constitucional, a efetividade do voto do preso provisório no nosso país foi, por muito tempo, ignorada pelos Estados brasileiros e, com isso, aqueles cidadãos que não possuíam sentença definitiva não tinham como exercer seu direito de votar, uma vez que o Estado Brasileiro não se encontrava preparado para efetivar tal determinação constitucional. Com isso, diante do descaso de tamanha complexidade, o Tribunal Superior Eleitoral editou a Resolução 23.219, que entrou em vigor nas eleições de 2010, regulamentando o direito do voto dos presos provisórios e dos adolescentes que se encontram privados de liberdade, sendo, assim, uma medida inédita que traz para a democracia brasileira um grande avanço e evolução, sendo destaque os pleitos eleitorais de Pernambuco na aplicabilidade dessa Resolução.
ANÁLISE DE ÓLEOS VOLÁTEIS DE LÚPULO (Humulus lupulus L.) CASCADE E CHINOOK CULTIVADOS SOB CLIMA TROPICAL NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: de Souza Beatriz , Contin Daniele , Vieira Paulo , Da Costa Fernando
Published: October 2023

ANALYSIS OF VOLATILE OILS FROM CASCADE AND CHINOOK HOPS (Humulus Lupulus L.) CULTIVATED UNDER TROPICAL CLIMATE IN THE STATE OF SÃO PAULO. Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is a plant widely used as raw material in global beer production, valued for its aroma, flavor and bittering components. Despite Brazil’s third-place position in global beer production, the country still relies on imported hops. Thus, this study describes the chemical composition and volatile oil content of Cascade and Chinook hop cultivars grown in a tropical area in São Paulo state during 2020 and 2021, as well as imported commercial pellets. Hydrodistillation was employed to extract the oils, which were analyzed using GC-FID and GC-MS techniques. Approximately 40% of the cultivated hop plants exhibited volatile oil content within the expected range. Among the 55 identified compounds, β-myrcene, β-caryophyllene, and α-humulene were the major constituents, and several key compounds contributing to hop aroma were detected. Principal component analysis revealed distinct clustering patterns based on cultivar and harvest year. This study reports the first comparative analysis of hops harvested in different years and the volatile oil composition and content of Chinook hops cultivated in Brazil, making a significant contribution to the fields of agronomy and national beer market. These findings highlight Brazil’s potential to become a major hop producer by implementing proper management practices and suitable technologies.
Investigation of reusability of effluents from an organized industrial zone wastewater treatment plant using a pressure-driven membrane process
Authors: Ocal Zehra Betül , Karagunduz Ahmet , Keskinler Bulent , Dizge Nadir , Ashqar Huthaifa I.
Published: October 2023

The quantity of wastewater being discharged into the environment due to the rise in industrial activities is progressively growing over time. Aside from large environmental risk posed by untreated wastewater discharge, the reuse of treated water prevents wastage of large amounts of water. For this reason, in this study, the reuse potential of an organized industrial zone wastewater was investigated by membrane processes. The appropriate membrane type and rejection performance were determined for various pollutant parameters including conductivity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), chloride, and sulfate. Laboratory-scale batch membrane filtration experiments were performed by using three different membrane types (BW30, XLE, and X20). The experiments were conducted at 15 and 20 bar pressures and flux data were collected during the operations. The results showed that BW30 and X20 membranes could be operated comfortably with 80% recovery for the wastewater containing low and high sulfate concentrations. For the wastewater with low sulfate concentration, the fluxes of BW30 and X20 at 20 bar were 19.7 and 16.4 L/m2/h, respectively, at 80% recovery. On the other hand, for the wastewater with higher sulfate concentration, the fluxes of BW30 and X20 at 20 bar were 8.6 and 11.5 L/m2/h, respectively.
Editorial
Authors: Araujo Marta Maria
Published: October 2023

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