bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SAMPLES DISTINCTION BY PARAMETRIC AND NONPARAMETRIC STATISTICS IN SPSS
Authors: Koshmak Viktor , Hvatcev Aleksandr , Astahova Ina , Zuev Aleksandr
Published: May 2019

Testing samples distinction is necessary in a wide range of practical tasks. Medicine, sociology, psychology, marketing - this is a short list of industries where it is required to conduct tests that establish effectiveness or inefficiency of a certain technology.Diversity of situations and techniques applied to sample distinction create a problem for compliance of testing procedures. The problem rises for tests including large and small samples (dependent or independent) with various distributions. The article proposes a list of problems created by testing differences between two samples. Limits of applicability of parametric and non-parametric tests are established based on selected distribution. Informative examples are included based on simulated data.SPSS software was used for sample distinction tests. It is important to double-check the operation of the machine computing procedure "manually” to understand the nature of tests and in educational purposes. The article provides mathematical illustration for the algorithms used, which can be considered as supplementary information for SPSS help.
TRANSFERRING STUDY PROCESS INTO VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT: WHY IS IT NEEDED?
Authors: Piscikiene Inga , Šustickienė Brigita
Published: May 2019

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the opinion regarding the advantages and disadvantages of virtual environment Moodle among lecturers and students in 2015 and in 2018 and correlations with increased use of Virtual Learning Environment (VLE)  to improved study outcomes. The study has revealed that virtual learning environments are beneficial for the study process as they create new learning opportunities, increase access to learning material and allow time and space flexibility. The purpose of this study is to examine the use of Moodle in a college type higher education institution in 2018 and compare the results of the survey to those obtained in a similar survey in 2015 in the same college, as well as relating the change in the use of Moodle to the change in the study outcomes. The interviewees were the lecturers and students who answered questions related to the use of Moodle. The implemented learning environment includes 14 feature creation functions and 7 resources. The evaluation results indicate that Moodle is commonly used to deliver course content, develop a course plan, evaluate, create activities, and communicate with course participants. Among many functions offered by Moodle only some of them are considered to be very important and commonly used, such as tasks, reviews, tests and workshops.
SELF-EVALUATION METHODOLOGY OF PROGRAMMERS' COMPETITIVENESS IN THE CONTEXT OF LIFELONG EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL SELF-DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Katans Edgars , Katane Irēna , Vītols Gatis
Published: May 2019

Contemporary social sciences, including pedagogy and psychology, carry out researches in the field of competitiveness. The more competitive each member of the society is, the more competitive is the society as such. The aim of research was: experimentally approbate the developed methodology for evaluating the competitiveness of programmers. Research methods were: survey as pedagogical experiment, projective method for data obtaining; Wilcoxon test for data processing. The results of the  pedagogical experiment testify that: during the pedagogical experiment,  research participants changed their competitiveness self-assessment. Therefore it is very important to know self-evaluation indicators of professional development because it significant impacts both: programmers notions about professional self-development and competitiveness as result of this development, changing competitiveness self-assessment as well. During the experiment, the participants of the research gained new experience of reflection, reflecting on their professional development, including professionalism, career, in past, present and future, and this reflection experience can serve as a basis for programmer's professional development and adequate competitiveness self-assessment. The experimentally approbated self-assessment methodology of professional development and competitiveness is valid and can be used in further research.
THE POSSIBILITIES OF E-LEARNING TECHNOLOGY IN THE STUDY OF MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Perkova Natalia , Veselova Anna
Published: May 2019

The course of mathematical analysis is important in the subject preparation of computer science students. The article deals with the issues of improving the level of mathematical competence of students in the study of mathematical analysis using e – learning technology based on the learning environment of the European system of distance learning (Learning Management System-LMS) Moodle. The principles of selection of theoretical and practical content of the electronic course in mathematical analysis are described. The efficiency of the use of the developed training course as an auxiliary didactic tools. The experimental work was attended by students of the 1st course of the direction "Applied Informatics". The article presents some results of the use in the educational process of the electronic course in the process of mastering the discipline "Mathematical analysis".
LEGISLATIVE PROVISIONS FOR ADULT EDUCATION IN LITHUANIA
Authors: Zemaitaityte Irena
Published: May 2019

The article reviews the changes in legal acts and their role in the development of adult education in Lithuania. Developing learning opportunities and bringing educational services closer to each individual is a political action based on a fundamental provision of respect for the individual, his / her ability to create one's own life and that of his / her loved ones and the duty to help to do it as best as possible. Education, as an institution, has an increasingly complex role to play in justifying and creating a common educational content on which to build the social life of society in order to enable a person to develop general skills, lifelong learning skills, and helping him to adapt to a constantly changing environment. The laws and resolutions discussed reflect the advanced attitude of adult education in Lithuania as an important part of the lifelong learning system in society and provide wider opportunities for its development. Summarizing the normative documents regulating adult learning, it can be stated that at the level of strategic objectives they are relevant and purposeful, but not sufficient in some cases.
NATIONAL INSIGHTS FROM LITHUANIA, LATVIA AND POLAND FOR EU ADULT EDUCATION POLICY DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Melnikova Julija , Ahrens Andreas , Zaščerinska Jeļena
Published: May 2019

The discovery of the power of adult education in facilitating smart, sustainable and inclusive growth has increased the demand for adult learning. Education in European countries had always been seen as a national affair. The education systems and objectives had been closely related with each country’s history, political system and location. However, due to the increasingly global character of the way national and supranational policy is created, education policymaking is increasingly framed by national economic imperatives and driven by the need to be globally competitive. The education of adults is a component of these politics, and has become a powerful lever for shifting the boundaries between education and work, state and market, formal and informal education. The aim of the present article is to highlight the national perspectives of Lithuania and such neighbourhood countries as Latvia, Estonia and Poland. Despite national diversities, a cursory glance at contemporary processes in adult education across European states brings to light many common or similar characteristics in systems and mechanisms. Moreover, comparative perspective of countries’ experience and expertise is beneficial for improving of the quality of adult education. The novel contribution of the work is revealed in recommendations on policy for adult learning.
TEACHER’S SELF-DEVELOPMENT: TEACHER’S SELF-DISCOVERIES REGARDING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PEDAGOGICAL PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT DURING PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Kušnere Ilga , Dombrovskis Aivis
Published: May 2019

In the 21st century, a special place in education is occupied by sustainable development issues, which emphasize the unique role of education in shaping the public opinion. New pedagogical approaches, which show how education could contribute to the evolution of consciousness, are being sought. A shift of paradigms is happening in education: from knowledge memorization to skills, character, meta-learning (Education 2030: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development competency framework). The research confirms, to successfully implement the proposed changes in modern pedagogical practice, it is valuable for the teachers to learn the psychology methods and techniques on how to improve and advance personality growth based on the knowledge shared by K.G. Jung, K. Wilber, and A. Maslow. research confirms it is valuable to acquire these methods during theoretical and practical activities for professional development.The study revealed that teacher’s professional competencies, such as communicative, methodological, organizational, creative skills and self-management, improve through familiarization and practical application of this knowledge.The aim of the study is to show the importance of how the psychological insights regarding the development of personality impact the pedagogical practice. Main tasks include literature studies and evaluation, working with a target audience. Research methods: survey.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AS A CATALYST OF INNOVATIVE CHANGES IN ENTERPRISES
Authors: Gródek-Szostak Zofia , Kajrunajtys Danuta , Ochoa Siguencia Luis
Published: May 2019

The subject of this research study is the applications of Information Technology (IT) to support management. This is not the sole use of IT methods and means in enterprises, however, the issues related to the automation of technological processes and software for these purposes are not the subject of these considerations. The aim of this research study is to show the innovative role of IT as a factor that enables meeting the challenges posed by managers, such as improving work efficiency, accelerating (reducing time of) handling orders, entering into competition on previously inaccessible markets, and generating the value added, which goes far beyond the capabilities of a single business entity. The business model includes collaboration unhindered by the territorial distribution of individuals, or time zone differences. The measure of effectiveness is the achieved result, and the recipient of the value thus created is not interested in where and how this value is created. Dynamically changing market expectations and the needs of recipients force the reconfiguration of the manufacturing system, which is a feature of virtual workplaces.
FOOD SECURITY – WAYS OF INTEGRATION OF ECONOMIC PRIORITIES AND THE ECOLOGICAL IMPERATIVE
Authors: Onopriienko Volodymyr , Onopriienko Iryna , Kovalenko Ihor , Kovalenko Natalya , Volkova Jeļena
Published: May 2019

The socio-economic problems of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine and importance of the demographic factor in ensuring food security are determined. The factors of degradation of the environment in the agrosphere are indicated. The economic mechanism of nature use must be embedded in the economic system, and not be a distinct set of measures and tools aimed at addressing certain environmental problems. The main task of planning measures to ensure environmental safety is development of integrated target ecological programmes (national, regional, and internal management levels), which include measures for sustainable and safe nature management, oriented towards ecologically safe food products. The aim of the paper is to reveal the role of food security in integrating economic priorities and the ecological imperative. The following methods were used in the research: monographic, problem analysis, scientific induction and deduction methods, and adoption of a decision under conditions of uncertainty.
CONTENT AND EVALUATION OF INNOVATIVE COMPONENTS OF HUMAN POTENTIAL IN THE RATINGS OF UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Davydova Tatiana , Barkalov Sergey , Poryadina Vera
Published: May 2019

The aim of the research is to study the content of the innovation component of human potential in the rankings of universities, its assessment through the prism of the educational environment and its individual elements. The article considers the innovation component of human potential from the standpoint of its importance on the scale of the fourth industrial revolution. The research focuses on the formation, development and realization of human potential in the system of higher education. The analysis of global, national, regional ratings of the performance of universities is presented. Ratings are abstracted from nationality and classified by target and structural features. The ratings are classified according to the target and structural features. Features of the content and evaluation of human potential and its innovative component in the structure of ratings of various groups are revealed. The directions for improving the rating structure are identified, taking into account the essential importance of the innovative component of human potential for the modern economy. The characteristics of the structure of the rating allowing estimating the innovative component of human potential is given. An innovative component of the rating of universities was developed. A list of indicators was synthesized, which is the basis for the implementation of the rating assessment of the innovation component of human potential. Using the method of mathematical modeling developed an innovative component of the ranking of universities.
THE ISSUE OF VALUE IN ECONOMICS: PRACTICAL CONSEQUENCES
Authors: Egorov Dmitry , Michaylova Yulia , Dyatlov Yuriy , Makarkina Oksana , Kolesnikova Natalia
Published: May 2019

Value is a standard of the cost, a certain common quality, which makes it possible to compare costs of quite different things. This construct probably cannot be operationalized generically, but in the development of theory operationalization is not imperative. Although neoclassical economics rejects this category ultimately, it is possible to demonstrate that this approach can be well adjusted to it. The issue of value is not merely a theoretical one. The purpose of the work is to show that if a feedback through the market must have an objective basis as an initial standard, that is money must have a benchmark, then the correct choice of a monetary benchmark can result in significant positive macro-economic consequences. Methods of research: scientific and philosophical analysis of texts and theoretical development. Conclusions: The idea that the feedback through the market must have an objective basis as an initial standard - that is money must have a benchmark – is not contradictory theoretically and its realization is desirable in practice. An energy monetary benchmark is probably preferable for a modern economy. The energy monetary benchmark can stabilize currency circulation potentially, optimize the price vector and simplify the valuation of mineral resources.
CRIMINOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF FAMILY RELATIONS
Authors: Kipāne Aldona
Published: May 2019

The dynamic variability of the modern world determines not only the need to adapt but also the ability to preserve and maintain the values of separate culture. Over the centuries, family is considered to be one of the core values. Family interaction with the society is undeniable. The family is the foundation of any society and the future of the state. Today's new socio-economic situation has an impact on the emotional atmosphere, quality and relationships within the family. Criminological research in family relationships is a complex problem, its environment and circumstances are an important factor in the individual's socialization. The role of the family is equally important both in the process of proper behavioural shaping and in the production of directed behaviour. The article provides an insight into the content of the studies of family criminology.The aim of the article is to describe the criminological framework of family relations based on special literature, research and practice showing the framework of family criminology. Theoretical guidelines, special literature, views and opinions of Latvian and foreign specialists have been analysed in order to assess the criminological aspects of the phenomenon.The author concludes that the knowledge of family criminology is useful, effective, concrete and practically feasible for the criminological studies of the family institute. This approach has a multi-sectoral nature.
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND INTEREST IN THE PROCESS OF LATVIAN STATE ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Mirlina Liga
Published: May 2019

Democratic state administration needs interaction with the public, which requires not only government communication with the public but also the public interest and understanding in the political and public administration processes. The task of public administration is to create a legal and institutional framework and mechanisms for public participation, while NGOs and the general public need civil competency to use the opportunities of public participation. Analysing the Latvian government's communication activities related to public participation and public awareness, the aim of this paper is to examine the level of participation of different social groups and the impact of their awareness on it. Within the framework of the research, the following methods have been used: analysis of normative documents, statistics on the implementation of the Memorandum of cooperation between the government and non-governmental organizations, interviews with experts from NGOs and state administration, focus group discussions with young people. Analysing legal documents and statistics on the involvement of NGOs, public participation platforms and their use have been evaluated. Based on the views of NGOs and state administration experts, there are certain factors that influence the level of public participation and public awareness. Focus group discussions with young people have identified their awareness and interest in public administration processes as well as their civic participation. The research study found that the state administration has created a variety of platforms for the involvement of NGOs in decision-making processes and an increase in the participation of NGOs. By choosing young people as one of the social groups of society, it can be concluded that information about public participation does not reach the general public, thus it has little effect on the formation of the general public's awareness and the level of participation.
WORKING CAPITAL AS AN ENTERPRISE VALUE ASSESSMENT TOOL
Authors: Bruna Inta , Millere Inta
Published: May 2019

The valuation of an entity in off-exchange transactions involves the use of different techniques. Nevertheless, none of them guarantees the most accurate result. Therefore, it is very difficult to choose one evaluation method. Both investors, corporate managers, financial professionals, portfolio managers, and securities analysts should have a basic understanding of the process of evaluating companies. To that end, professionals recommend evaluating a company’s financial reports to detect its financial position and solvency. According to the methods of financial analysis, working capital is one of the solvency ratios, which describes the value of resources that remain after the company’s current liabilities have been bared. The research study is aimed at determining the impact of changes in working capital on the valuation of a company. In order to achieve the aim and confirm or deny the hypothesis, the methodological basis for the research study was developed, necessary information was collected, calculations were performed using data from companies listed on Nasdaq OMX Riga, and the obtained results were analysed. Literature review and economic and statistical analysis, including the SPSS method for assessing the effects of working capital and stock price, were used in the research.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING OF THE BALTIC COUNTRIES' INHABITANTS IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Lonska Jelena , Komarova Vera
Published: May 2019

Since the Baltic countries have joined the European Union, the value of personal satisfaction with life has fluctuated – decreased or increased – along with GDP per capita until the crisis, i.e. until 2009; afterwards, the nature of this dependency started to change across the countries. The novelty of the current research study is the analysis of the people's SWB dependence upon the economic development indicators in the Baltic countries after their accession to the EU, conducted in the context of the results of previous research studies on the topic. The research aim is to review theoretical research studies on the interrelation of people’s SBW and economic development of the country, as well as to analyse the situation in Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. The following research methods were applied: the monographic method and regression analysis. The findings of the research study showed that Estonia was the leader among the three Baltic countries in all the economic development indicators considered, whereas Latvia was behind in all the indicators; moreover, the level of personal satisfaction with life was the highest in Estonia, although, as the results of the regression analysis demonstrated the SWB of people in Estonia was the least dependent on the economic development indicators.
MARKETING IN THE XXI CENTURY: FROM FINDING A CUSTOMER FOR BUSINESS TO FINDING «NECESSARY» BUSINESS FOR THE CUSTOMER
Authors: Kotelnikov Alexandr , Nozdreva Irina , Koshevenko Svetlana
Published: May 2019

The research aim of the paper is to review and to describe best practices for marketing and to highlight the characteristics of marketing-management. System analysis, analytical and comparative methods were used for this research. The paper deals with marketing changes, which have been happening in the business community for last years. Nowadays a number of companies define marketing as a basis for management decision-making, abandoning the traditional model in which marketers were only focused on selling already produced goods. The authors of the paper consider that such a model is the future of a client-oriented business. Using this model, the company's marketing structures are connected at the stage of creating a new product and are actively involved in its entire life cycle. This concept allows companies to create a necessary product for the consumer, and sometimes to anticipate his/her needs, which makes the companies stand out from the majority of competitors. The paper also notes that in our society the main values of companies are not production facilities that are owned, but intellectual resources and the ability to use information about customers. Thus, the development of the brand and focus on the consumer, rather than building up physical assets, becomes the main driving force of the company's development. The companies that learn how to handle a huge amount of information about their customers and anticipate their needs, creating new products and services, will be able to succeed in a highly competitive environment.
FORMATION AND EVALUATION OF VALUE ADDED OF INNOVATIVE PRODUCTS IN THE FIELD OF BIOMEDICINE
Authors: Varaksa Natalia , Аlimov Sergey , Maslov Boris , Alimova Maria
Published: May 2019

The main indicator for the high rate of economic development of the country is the alignment of national advanced technologies in the global value chain.The novelty of the research study is to develop a set of indicators for assessing the value added of innovation based on the specific structure of products in the field of biomedical technologies.The aim of the research study is to summarize the scientific developments in the field of formation of value added of innovative products, to identify its specific structure in the field of biomedicine and to develop a set of indicators for its evaluation.The research uses methods of scientific search and generalization of literature, legislation, statistical analysis, monitoring, the dialectical method, analysis, synthesis, comparison, abstraction, specification.The paper reveals the specific structure of products in the field of biomedical technologies, which is based on innovative flows to bring research projects in the field of biomedicine to the final product. The proposed in the paper set of indicators for assessing the value added of innovation will form the basis for a detailed analysis of the feasibility of starting the development of an innovative product, determining the efficiency and profitability of commercialization of biomedicine products.
EVALUATION OF THE LATVIAN STOCK MARKET AS AN INVESTMENT OBJECT
Authors: Kotane Inta
Published: May 2019

Development of the securities market in Latvia compared with the countries of Western Europe, Scandinavia, and North America has started much later and has been slow; therefore, the interest of individuals and companies to actively participate in the capital market can be assessed as low. The stock market that is considered as one of the types of the securities market is an unstructured environment where every investor has to decide on how to invest. The potential investor interested in stocks as an investment object can buy shares of the companies and potentially earn money despite the fact that investments in stocks are considered as a very high-risk investment. The research aim: to evaluate the Latvian stock market as one of the investment objects. The scope of the research determines the topics covered: investment opportunities in the stocks of the regulated Latvian stock exchange. The research findings point out that the performance of the Nasdaq Riga stock exchange despite its relatively small number of the issuers of shares is effective. The author concludes that use of the investment accounts is not sufficiently promoted for private individuals, consequently, the culture of savings lags behind in Latvia. In order to educate the private investors and promote decision-making on the purchase of shares, it would be advisable for the Nasdaq Riga to provide the investors with concise information on the shares of the companies and their characteristics. The quantitative and qualitative methods of economics research, including the method of comparative analysis and synthesis, as well as statistical and graphical analysis methods are used in the research.
INFORMATION ACQUISITION METHODS AND THEIR RELATION TO THE LEVEL OF EQUIPMENT OF A FARM IN INFORMATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENTS
Authors: Kuboń Maciek , Kwaśniewski Dariusz , Malaga-Toboła Urszula , Niemiec Marcin , Ovcharuk Oleg , Kocira Sławomir
Published: May 2019

All item flows are always accompanied by information flows. The condition of the goods flow between a sending point and a receipt point is exchange of information between a sender and a consignee. The role of scientific-technical and economic information in modern  agriculture grows successively. It is hard to imagine efficient management that would guarantee rational use of the factors of production, including respect for the environment, ensuring high quality of products and satisfaction of market requirements without it. Information is indispensable for both agricultural producers as well as producers and providers of production means and agricultural products consignees. Farms which strive to be competitive and which want to develop must use facilities of modern information technologies. The aim of the paper was to determine information acquisition methods and the relation to the level of equipment and the use of information infrastructure elements on commodity farms. The paper covered 50 agricultural farms located in the south Poland region. Information acquisition methods and the level of equipment and use of information infrastructure elements were determined. Respondents also evaluated which of the information acquisition methods was the best and which was the worst. It was concluded that the level of farm equipment in elements of information infrastructure was satisfactory and the information infrastructure methods guaranteed efficient farm management.
INNOVATION IN A PRODUCER GROUP FOCUSED ON MILK PRODUCTION OF THE SILESIAN PROVINCE
Authors: Szelag-Sikora Anna , Komorowska Monika , Ovcharuk Oleg , Grodek-Szostak Zofia , Stuglik Joanna
Published: May 2019

The aim of the work was to analyse the level of innovation in the group of milk producers and production efficiency. The work covered its scope with the producer group established in 2010, which brings together six producers of cow's milk. The farms are run based on a conventional production system. The source data used in the analysis covers the years 2010-2017. The analysis covered the number of implemented innovations, the type of innovation and the level of expenditures borne by producers for introducing the innovations. Based on the results obtained, the relative benefits achieved by the producer group resulting from the introduction of innovative solutions were determined.
RATE OF COSTS ON INVESTMENT CAPITAL IN EMERGING MARKETS
Authors: Tereshenko Oleg , Voloshanyk Nataliya , Savchuk Dmytro
Published: May 2019

To date, there is no adequate methodology for calculating the discount rate that would satisfy most financial analysts. The most common approach to determining the discount rate is to use the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) algorithm. The calculation of capital costs (discount rates) in emerging market countries (EM) is characterized by a number of problems related to the information inefficiency of the capital market, instability of demand for products, inflation, macroeconomic and legal uncertainty and a lack of proper payment discipline. Even more complex are the corresponding calculations during the financial crisis, accompanied by hyperinflation, a fall or significant fluctuations in the rate of the national monetary unit, trade wars, and the collapse of the banking system.Especially problematic for emerging markets is the calculation of the cost of equity (investment) capital. In developed markets, the classical CAPM model is used for these purposes. Taking into account the lack of an effective capital market in EM-related countries, it is quite difficult to determine the standard parameters of the model (risk-free rate of return, market risk premium, beta factor). Significant problems also lie in the sources and shadow schemes for paying high premiums for the risks of investing capital in EM. The aim of the paper is to substantiate recommendations on the procedure for calculating the rate of costs for own (investment) capital, taking into account the specifics of corporate activities in countries related to EM.
ASSESSMENT OF FISCAL POLICY IN LATVIA
Authors: Zubule Erika
Published: May 2019

The aim of the research is: to evaluate the fiscal policy in Latvia in accordance with the theoretical and practical conclusions of scientific investigations in the world, to determine the main fiscal risks and to find fiscal policy gaps in national government budgeting as well as in the use of funds and to define recommendations for making a sustainable fiscal policy in the country.  At present, economic development in the world and Europe, the geopolitical situation, the migration of the population as well as the domestic problems of the development of Latvia pose new challenges to the government’s fiscal policy; they create new fiscal risks and problems that require strong fiscal discipline and an efficient fiscal policy. The fact that Latvia did not have fiscal reserve resources for easier survival of the crisis is a severe and painful lesson about the errors in the fiscal policy. New circumstances that have occurred recently have to be taken into account by the policy makers. In order to build an effective fiscal policy, the following has to be found out: the most important factors of impact, whether they are of objective or subjective nature, and what fiscal risks may threaten the performance of individual fiscal indicators, and how big must be the fiscal security reserve.
ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL LITERACY TRENDS
Authors: Čaplinska Aina , Stašāne Janīna
Published: May 2019

The following skills, such as planning of personal finances, formation and diversification of savings, augmentations of personal capital and open-mindedness to new initiatives in entrepreneurship activities, enhance financial sustainability of the population, and are decisive for the quality of life. Every person in certain circumstances can be financially and economically active, if he/she has got such a competence as financial literacy, which is much more important in the course of life than a level of income or professional qualifications, because, hereafter the governing factor will be not a possession of financial instruments by the person, but skills of the effective management for an achievement of own objectives. The aim of the research – to analyse the financial literacy of young people in Daugavpils.Methods used in the research: the monographic method – a theoretical description of financial literacy, the graphical method – a graphical representation of obtained results, the interview method (questionnaire) –  data acquisition required for the research, the statistical method–analysis of statistical information, the comparative method – a description of obtained data and drawing conclusions. The financial literacy of Daugavpils youth has been researched and evaluated.
IMPLEMENTATION OF INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Ņikadimovs Oļegs
Published: May 2019

The hospitality industry is one of the most dynamic and competitive sectors, it has become more important to communicate marketing messages that are clear, unified and integral throughout all the communication channels to the target audiences. The paper aims to review the previously conducted research efforts on implementation of the concept of integrated marketing communications (IMC) in the hospitality industry. The aim of this research study is to collect and analyse the main concepts and conclusions of theoretical and practical research in the hospitality IMC implementation in the recent years. The methodology for paper selection was the following: 1) databases - Scopus, ScienceDirect, EBSCOHost, Emerald Insight - were examined; 2) main search criterion was “IMC hospitality implementation”, 3). additional research criteria were time of publication and peer-reviewed papers. Qualitative data analysis methods were used to assess the selected papers, while the review itself can be classified as narrative. Eight papers were selected for the analysis, showing an overview of the latest trends in research on IMC implementation in the hospitality industry. The findings indicated correlation between IMC strategy implementation and the impact on target audiences.  This literature review can be used as the theoretical background for future researches.
RESEARCH ON CHANGES IN THE GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS LATVIA IN 2009-2019
Authors: Volkova Jeļena , Višķers Ēvalds
Published: May 2019

In the era of globalization the term competitiveness has become of essential importance. Each country is showing its interest in it because the results of national economic processes depend on its successful alignment with the international market. The aim of this research is to define the changes in the Latvia’s Competitiveness Index in comparison with the Baltic States during the period 2009-2019. To achieve this aim the following methodology was used: scientific inductive and deductive methods,the monographic and the data based method. The research is based on the results of the assessement of the „Global Competitiveness Index”introduced by the World Economic Forum. Regardless of the methodological drawbacks and changes, the GCI states the status of Estonia as an economic leader among the Baltic States. The tendency seen in the last years shows the levelling of the competitiveness of the Baltic States that can have a positive impact on the development of the region in the further period.
DEVELOPMENT OF RETROSPECTIVE LIFE-LONG PHYSICAL ACTIVITY QUESTIONNAIRE: FIRST STAGE
Authors: Ulmane Zane , Šneidere Kristīne , Stepens Ainārs
Published: May 2019

With the increase in life expectancy and declining birth rates, the issue of improving the quality of life in people over 60 has become one of the priorities in health care (WHO, 2015). So  far a limited number of studies have addressed the long-term relationship between aerobic exercise and cognitive processes (e.g. see systematic review by Young, Angevaren, Rusted, & Tabet, 2015). The aim of the study was to conduct the first stage in developing an instrument to retrospectively investigate life-time physical activity. Methods: a literature search in databases EBSCO, Pubmed, SCOPUS and Science Direct using keywords “retrospective physical activity”, “long-term physical activity” was conducted.  After literature review, individual interviews with participants aged from 65 to 76 were held to create a retrospective physical activity questionnaire. Interviews were conducted according to literature-based protocol, which was updated after each participant. Results: eight main categories of life-time activity: "work”, “education", "sleep", "transportation", "self-care", "leisure time", "household activities" and "sports”.  Conclusions: means of measuring life-long physical activity retrospectively would be highly beneficial in physical activity research; however, further work in developing and validating retrospective physical activity questionnaire is needed.
CHILDREN’S DEPRESSION RATING SCALE-REVISED (CDRS-R) – DEVELOPMENT OF THE LATVIAN VERSION AND PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES IN A CLINICAL AND NON-CLINICAL SAMPLE OF ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Elsiņa Inese , Martinsone Baiba
Published: May 2019

Depression is one of the most widespread mental disorders worldwide. Adolescence is a vulnerable period for developing depression. It is associated with a number of challenges in biological, psychological and social areas. Valid and reliable measurement instruments are required for assessment of symptoms of depression in clinical samples of adolescents in Latvia. Children's Depression Rating Scale Revised (CDRS-R, Posnanski & Mokros, 1996) is a semi-structured, clinician-rated interview for assessment of depression in children and adolescents. While the CDRS-R is the most widely used rating scale for research and clinicians’ practical use worldwide, there's no validated version in Latvian language available yet. The aim of this study is to present the reliability and validity of the Latvian version of CDRS-R in the adolescent age group. Twenty-five adolescents (aged 12-17) with diagnosis of depressive disorder (inpatients and outpatients) and twenty healthy controls were assessed with CDRS-R by clinical psychologist. Reliability and validity were calculated and analyzed: Cronbach’s alpha, Weighted Kappa, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, Receiver operating characteristic (ROC). The Latvian translation of CDRS-R showed good psychometrical properties. Internal consistency for the CDRS-R was high. CDRS-R total score was significantly correlated with CDI both in nonclinical and clinical sample. There was a significant concordance with the reference standard of ICD-10 diagnosis.
SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS DEFINING THE ATTITUDE OF RUSSIAN PEOPLE TOWARDS PRENUPTIAL AGREEMENT
Authors: Sergeeva Anna , Pryaluhina Alla , Tuzova Olga , Tuchkova Tamara
Published: May 2019

In the modern world the institution of family and marriage is undergoing various changes. The attitude of Russian people towards the prenuptial agreement shows a tendency for acceptance and approval. The stereotypical perception of the prenuptial agreement as unacceptable between close people is in the past. Based on that, the article is focused on the comparative analysis of the factors that define the attitude of Russian people towards the prenuptial agreement. The key point in the research is evaluation of specific features of respondents’ opinions, expressed in the years of 2007 and 2018, in accordance with the following socio-psychological factors: awareness of the prenuptial agreement, aims for signing one or reasons to refuse doing so, gender and age factors. Research methods include: a preliminary survey of couples in order to define sample groups, a questionnaire, observation, a mathematical method of data analysis (Fisher’s φ-criterion). The research was conducted in two stages: the first diagnostics in the year 2007 (n=40 couples), and the second – in 2018 (n=50 couples). The respondents were divided into groups by the social status of their relationships: officially married, planning to get married, co-habiting couples and partner (guest) relationships. The age of respondents was 18-47. The results of the research showed the following: increase in age leads to clearer understanding and a better expressed opinion about the prenuptial agreement, positive dynamics in favourable perception of prenuptial agreement among the respondents who are officially married or are planning to marry, increased importance of motives for signing a prenuptial agreement – “protection of  one’s own interests” and “opportunity to put pressure on the spouse”,  lack of connection between the attitude towards prenuptial agreement and awareness of the document.
Foley kateterin standart perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi yerine kullanımı; tek merkez deneyimi
Authors: BAYRAM Mehmet , IRAK Kader , YILDIRIM Özgür , ALKIM Hüseyin
Published: May 2019

Giriş
ve Amaç: Perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi uygulaması uzun
yıllardır enteral nutrisyon için kullanılan bir yöntemdir. Perkütan endoskopik
gastrostomi kateteri kendiliğinden çıktığı veya hasta tarafından çıkarıldığı
durumlarda aynı yol üzerinden uygulanan Foley kateter ile de enteral
nutrisyonun devamı sağlanabilmektedir. Biz de perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi kateteri
yerine Foley kateter kullanımını retrospektif olarak değerlendirmeyi hedefledik.
Gereç ve Yöntem: 2016-2019 yılları
arası İstanbul Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Gastroenteroloji
endoskopi ünitesinde perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi kateteri takılmış ve
sonrasında perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi kateteri istenmeden çıktığında Foley
kateter takılan hastalar gelişen komplikasyonlar ve Foley kateterin kullanım
süresi açısından retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya verilerine ulaşılabilen 17 hasta dahil edildi.
8 hastada Foley kateterde tıkanma, balonun sönmesi, migrasyona bağlı ileus ve ülser
kanaması komplikasyonları gelişti. Komplikasyon gelişmeyen 9/17 hasta grubunda Foley
kateter ile takip süresi medyan 6 hafta (1-74 hafta) olarak saptandı. Sonuç: Perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi kateteri
yerine Foley kateter kullanımı özellikle yaşam beklentisi çok kısa, endoskopik işlem riski yüksek olan hastalarda
uygulanabilecek daha az invaziv, pratik ve ekonomik bir yöntemdir. Ancak
hastalar komplikasyonlar açısından yakından takip
edilmelidir.
Как и зачем измерять и сравнивать государственную состоятельность разных стран мира? Опыт эмпирического исследования
Authors: Ахременко Андрей , Горельский Илья , Мельвиль Андрей
Published: May 2019

В предыдущей статье журнала (№ 2-2019) авторами были предложены и обоснованы теоретико-методологические основания концепта государственной состоятельности и соответствующий набор индикаторов для исследования многомерной природы этого концепта: уровень военных расходов и агрегированный показатель контроля над насилием внутри страны, показатель собираемости подоходных налогов и совокупных доходов государственного бюджета, а также качество управленческих институтов и показатель легальной экономики. В настоящей статье с опорой на полученные ранее результаты авторы концентрируют внимание на эмпирических задачах измерения государственной состоятельности. Для этого ими привлекались многомерные статистические методы (иерархической кластеризации) и были критически проанализированы недостатки других подходов (методов снижения размерности, агрегирования, рейтингования) применительно к массиву собранных данных. Вкладом авторов в научную дискуссию является одна из первых попыток альтернативного эмпирического тестирования индекса государственной состоятельности и выделение восьми устойчивых структур, характерных для отдельных групп стран и получаемых в результате многократного применения процедуры кластеризации с соответствующими параметрами (кластеры “Успешное развитие”, “Второй эшелон”, “Индивидуальные траектории”, “Ресурсная игла”, “Аутсайдеры”, “На грани провала”, “Восходящие гиганты Азии” и “Вариации постсоветских траекторий”). Несмотря на условность полученных кластеров (ввиду специфики использованного метода, позволяющего “настраивать” масштабы подобных структур), в целом они раскрывают типологически сходные варианты государственного развития, учитывающие специфику исторических обстоятельств, внутренние и внешние условия и принимаемые национальными элитами стратегические решения.
Мир и политика сквозь призму научных форумов
Authors: Гаман-Голутвина Оксана , Никитин Александр , Чугров Сергей
Published: May 2019

Научные конгрессы, как национальные, так и международные, всемирные, представляют собой один из важнейших и наиболее эффективных форматов академической социогуманитарной работы. В статье проводится анализ отечественных и зарубежных конгрессов, состоявшихся во второй половине 2018 г. – XXV Всемирного политологического конгресса (Брисбен, Австралия, июль), XXIV Всемирного философского конгресса (Пекин, КНР, август) и VIII Всероссийского конгресса политологов (Москва, Россия, декабрь), проводится сопоставление этих событий, исследуются функции и роль научных конгрессов в развитии гуманитарных дисциплин. Авторы предпринимают попытку непредвзято взглянуть на форму организации и проведения конгрессов, а также приметить тенденции развития политологического научного сообщества. Анализируются сходства и различия всемирных и всероссийских конгрессов и делается вывод, что всероссийские конгрессы политологов содержательно и функционально за последние два десятилетия вышли на уровень, во многом сопоставимый с уровнем всемирных конгрессов. Не менее важен вывод о необходимости поворота российской политологии к переосмыслению фундаментальных политических проблем эпохи постцифрового диалога культур и глубокой трансформации мирового порядка.
Образование в современном политико-теоретическом дискурсе (библиографический обзор)
Authors: Гуторов Владимир
Published: May 2019

В обзоре, состоящем из трех тематических блоков, представлена интерпретация основных тенденций эволюции современных научных и философских дискуссий по общим проблемам образования и образовательной политики, которые в последние два десятилетия с неослабевающей интенсивностью ведутся в западной аналитической литературе. Приоритет отдается анализу современных теорий образования и их взаимосвязи с античной традицией, по-прежнему оказывающей воздействие на современные концепции демократии и гражданства. Выявляются различные, нередко диаметрально противоположные, подходы ученых к анализу феномена глобализации и причин кризиса традиционных демократических институтов и систем образования. Критически оценивается значение многообразных исследований, в которых отчетливо фиксируется стремление ученых к возрождению и реинтерпретации как классической философии образования XVIII-XIX вв., так и наследия крупнейших теоретиков образования ХХ в.