bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Special Issue on Advances in Intelligent Systems
Authors: Geem Zong Woo , Yeom Seokwon , Kim Euntai , Chun Myung-Geun , Ryoo Young-Jae
Published: March 2023

This Special Issue invites state-of-the-art research in intelligent systems [...]
Performance of a Hybrid Gain Ensemble Data Assimilation Scheme in Tropical Cyclone Forecasting with the GRAPES Model
Authors: Xia Xin , Feng Jiali , Wang Kun , Sun Jian , Gao Yudong , Jin Yuchao , Ma Yulong , Gao Yan , Wan Qilin
Published: March 2023

Hybrid data assimilation (DA) methods have received extensive attention in the field of numerical weather prediction. In this study, a hybrid gain data assimilation (HGDA) method that combined the gain matrices of ensemble and variational methods was first applied in the mesoscale version of the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System (GRAPES_Meso). To evaluate the performance of the HGDA method in the GRAPES_Meso model, different DA schemes, including the three-dimensional variational (3DVAR), local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF), and HGDA schemes, were compared across eight tropical cyclone (TC) cases, and FY-4A atmospheric motion vectors were assimilated. The results indicated that the HYBRID scheme outperformed the 3DVAR and LETKF schemes in TC position forecasting, and with ensemble forecasting techniques, the HYBRID scheme promoted the accuracy of the prediction TC intensity. The threat score (TS) values for the light and medium precipitation forecasts obtained in the HYBRID experiment were higher than those for the forecasts obtained in the 3DVAR and LETKF experiments, which may be attributed to the forecasting accuracy for the TC position. Regarding heavy and extreme rainfall, the HYBRID scheme achieved a more stable effect than those of the 3DVAR and LETKF schemes. The results demonstrated the superiority of the HGDA scheme in TC prediction with the GRAPES_Meso model.
Understanding the Susceptibility of the Tropical Proglacial Environment in Peru Using Optical Imagery and Radon Measurements
Authors: García-Tadeo Diego Antonio , Montoya-Zavaleta Modesto , Tan Yumin
Published: March 2023

The tropical glaciers of the Cordillera Blanca have played host to some of the most significant mass movements ever recorded in the world and Peru; many proglacial lakes formed in this mountain range have natural dikes made of moraine material, which, if they collapse, would present a risk for the cities located downstream of a proglacial lake, where the proglacial lake Palcacocha has a remarkable background regarding floods. The Sentinel-2 MSI (Multi-Spectral Instrument, Level-2A) has a specific band for snow probability mapping that indicates glaciers and snow cover; this is effective for recognizing proglacial lakes by calculating the NDWIice. It is also helpful for lithology with SWIR for granite moraine deposits and slate moraines in the proglacial environment Palcacocha; these deposits surround the proglacial lake, with NDWIice determining the perimeter where sediment interacts with the rocks and meltwater. In addition, there are high radon concentrations made by ice avalanche impacts on the proglacial lake. Unstable glacier blocks cause ice avalanches into this proglacial lake, and the radon responds to flow variations from these high-impact avalanches. We used the device RadonEye PLus2, which allows real-time detection of radon flux changes in the proglacial environment. Our results indicated that ice avalanches making a high impact in the proglacial lake cause turbulent flow and generate radon concentration marks with a rising magnitude, while the absence of ice avalanches in the lake will cause the values to go down. The relationships of radon concentrations in the atmosphere for a tropical proglacial environment are radon and temperature (R2 = 0.364), radon and humidity (R2 = 0.469). In a passive proglacial environment with prolonged rainfall, radon concentrations tend to decrease, with an inversely proportional relationship between humidity and radon in the tropical proglacial environment. Proglacial lakes in the tropical zone often have large volumes of freshwater with high slopes from tropical glaciers, and climate change effects are an imminent danger for nearby cities.
Distribution and Long-Term Trends of Tropospheric Ozone Concentrations in Ireland
Authors: McHugh Keelan , Cummins Thomas , Aherne Julian
Published: March 2023

Tropospheric ozone (O3) is highly variable over space and time reflecting local production and destruction as well as addition and loss through regional and long-range transport. In this study, O3 concentrations at 11 stations in Ireland and their long-term trends (7–9 sites) were evaluated; O3 concentrations (2015–2019) varied spatially, with the highest annual mean concentrations along the Atlantic west coast (69–75 µg/m3), and the lowest in urban centres (39–43 µg/m3). Ozone followed a seasonal pattern of spring and winter maximum and summer–autumn minimum. Significant long-term (2005–2019) increases were observed in annual O3 concentration at two rural stations, while increases were larger and more frequent during winter with increases at four out of seven stations. During the decade 2010–2019, significant annual increases were observed at four out of nine stations. Observed site- and season-specific increasing trends in O3 concentrations likely reflected changes in regional precursor gas emissions sources. Despite reported decreases in background concentrations in the marine boundary layer in northern mid-latitudes in recent decades, O3 concentrations at some sites in Ireland have increased significantly primarily driven by changes in winter concentrations. There were no significant decreasing trends at any site or in any season.
Investigating the Inter-Relationships among Multiple Atmospheric Variables and Their Responses to Precipitation
Authors: Li Haobo , Choy Suelynn , Zaminpardaz Safoora , Carter Brett , Sun Chayn , Purwar Smrati , Liang Hong , Li Linqi , Wang Xiaoming
Published: March 2023

In this study, a comprehensive investigation into the inter-relationships among twelve atmospheric variables and their responses to precipitation was conducted. These variables include two Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) tropospheric products, eight weather variables and two time-varying parameters. Their observations and corresponding precipitation record over the period 2008–2019 were obtained from a pair of GNSS/weather stations in Hong Kong. Firstly, based on the correlation and regression analyses, the cross-relationships among the variables were systematically analyzed. Typically, the variables of precipitable water vapor (PWV), zenith total delay (ZTD), temperature, pressure, wet-bulb temperature and dew-point temperature have closer cross-correlativity. Next, the responses of these variables to precipitation of different intensities were investigated and some precursory information of precipitation contained in these variables was revealed. The lead times of using ZTD and PWV to detect heavy precipitation are about 8 h. Finally, by using the principal component analysis, it is shown that heavy precipitation can be effectively detected using these variables, among which, ZTD, PWV and cloud coverage play more prominent roles. The research findings can not only increase the utilization and uptake of atmospheric variables in the detection of precipitation, but also provide clues in the development of more robust precipitation forecasting models.
Simulation Study of Microphysical and Electrical Processes of a Thunderstorm in Sichuan Basin
Authors: Guo Zaihua , Zhao Jinling , Zhao Pengguo , He Mengyu , Yang Zhiling , Su Debin
Published: March 2023

Based on the Morrison Two-Moment Scheme coupled with the non-inductive electrification mechanism and the discharge parameterization scheme in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, a thunderstorm process was simulated by using the WRF electrical coupling model in Sichuan Basin on 21 July 2019, in this paper. Through analysis and discussion of the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the thunderstorm activity and the microphysical and dynamic processes, respectively, the study shows that the simulation results of radar echo and lightning are well consistent with the meteorological observation which indicates the WRF model has a certain ability to reproduce the thunderstorm process in Sichuan Basin, there is a good correspondence between the main electrification area and the distribution position of the ice-phase particles in the thunderstorm. The simulated charge structure of the thunderstorm is that the graupel particles are mainly negatively charged, the ice crystals and snow particles are mainly positively charged, and the thunderstorm shows a dipole charge structure with an upper positive charge center and a lower negative charge center. It also shows that the updrafts greatly influence ice-graupel and snow-graupel collisions during the thunderstorm discharge process, the higher the updraft speed, the stronger the electrical activity, and, especially, the stronger the discharge process of ice-particle collisions and separation.
Classification of Microbiome Data from Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Individuals with Deep Learning Image Recognition
Authors: Pfeil Juliane , Siptroth Julienne , Pospisil Heike , Frohme Marcus , Hufert Frank T. , Moskalenko Olga , Yateem Murad , Nechyporenko Alina
Published: March 2023

Microbiomic analysis of human gut samples is a beneficial tool to examine the general well-being and various health conditions. The balance of the intestinal flora is important to prevent chronic gut infections and adiposity, as well as pathological alterations connected to various diseases. The evaluation of microbiome data based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) is complex and their interpretation is often challenging and can be ambiguous. Therefore, we developed an innovative approach for the examination and classification of microbiomic data into healthy and diseased by visualizing the data as a radial heatmap in order to apply deep learning (DL) image classification. The differentiation between 674 healthy and 272 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) samples was chosen as a proof of concept. The residual network with 50 layers (ResNet-50) image classification model was trained and optimized, providing discrimination with 96% accuracy. Samples from healthy persons were detected with a specificity of 97% and those from T2D individuals with a sensitivity of 92%. Image classification using DL of NGS microbiome data enables precise discrimination between healthy and diabetic individuals. In the future, this tool could enable classification of different diseases and imbalances of the gut microbiome and their causative genera.
Federated End-to-End Unrolled Models for Magnetic Resonance Image Reconstruction
Authors: Levac Brett R. , Arvinte Marius , Tamir Jonathan I.
Published: March 2023

Image reconstruction is the process of recovering an image from raw, under-sampled signal measurements, and is a critical step in diagnostic medical imaging, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Recently, data-driven methods have led to improved image quality in MRI reconstruction using a limited number of measurements, but these methods typically rely on the existence of a large, centralized database of fully sampled scans for training. In this work, we investigate federated learning for MRI reconstruction using end-to-end unrolled deep learning models as a means of training global models across multiple clients (data sites), while keeping individual scans local. We empirically identify a low-data regime across a large number of heterogeneous scans, where a small number of training samples per client are available and non-collaborative models lead to performance drops. In this regime, we investigate the performance of adaptive federated optimization algorithms as a function of client data distribution and communication budget. Experimental results show that adaptive optimization algorithms are well suited for the federated learning of unrolled models, even in a limited-data regime (50 slices per data site), and that client-sided personalization can improve reconstruction quality for clients that did not participate in training.
Hemodynamic Evaluation of a Centrifugal Left Atrial Decompression Pump for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Abbasnezhad Navideh , Specklin Mathieu , Bakir Farid , Leprince Pascal , Danial Pichoy
Published: March 2023

This article discusses a new continuous flow mini pump that has been developed to improve symptoms and prognosis in patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF), for which there are currently no established treatments. The pump is designed to discharge a reduced percentage of blood volume from the left atrium to the subclavian artery, clamped at the bifurcation with the aortic arch. The overall specifications, design parameters, and hemodynamics of this new device are discussed, along with data from in vitro circulation loop tests and numerical simulations. The article also compares the results for two configurations of the pump with respect to key indicators of hemocompatibility used in blood pump development.
Limiting the Use of Electromyography and Ground Reaction Force Data Changes the Magnitude and Ranking of Modelled Anterior Cruciate Ligament Forces
Authors: Nasseri Azadeh , Akhundov Riad , Bryant Adam L. , Lloyd David G. , Saxby David J.
Published: March 2023

Neuromusculoskeletal models often require three-dimensional (3D) body motions, ground reaction forces (GRF), and electromyography (EMG) as input data. Acquiring these data in real-world settings is challenging, with barriers such as the cost of instruments, setup time, and operator skills to correctly acquire and interpret data. This study investigated the consequences of limiting EMG and GRF data on modelled anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) forces during a drop–land–jump task in late-/post-pubertal females. We compared ACL forces generated by a reference model (i.e., EMG-informed neural mode combined with 3D GRF) to those generated by an EMG-informed with only vertical GRF, static optimisation with 3D GRF, and static optimisation with only vertical GRF. Results indicated ACL force magnitude during landing (when ACL injury typically occurs) was significantly overestimated if only vertical GRF were used for either EMG-informed or static optimisation neural modes. If 3D GRF were used in combination with static optimisation, ACL force was marginally overestimated compared to the reference model. None of the alternative models maintained rank order of ACL loading magnitudes generated by the reference model. Finally, we observed substantial variability across the study sample in response to limiting EMG and GRF data, indicating need for methods incorporating subject-specific measures of muscle activation patterns and external loading when modelling ACL loading during dynamic motor tasks.
Photobiomodulation Therapy and Pulp-Regenerative Endodontics: A Narrative Review
Authors: Yong Jiawen , Gröger Sabine , Wu Zuping , Ruf Sabine , Ye Yuer , Chen Xiaoyan
Published: March 2023

Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) were used to recover the dental pulp’s vitality in order to avoid the undesirable outcomes of conventional endodontic treatment and to promote dentinal formation, especially for immature permanent teeth. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) exhibits photobiological and photochemical effects for improving the root canal’s environmental conditions by compensating for oxidative stress and increasing the blood supply to implanted stem cells and improving their survival. Basic research has revealed that PBMT can modulate human dental pulp stem cells’ (hDPSCs) differentiation, proliferation, and activity, and subsequent tissue activation. However, many unclear points still remain regarding the mechanisms of action induced by PBMT in REPs. Therefore, in this review, we present the applications of laser and PBMT irradiation to the procedures of REPs and in endodontics. In addition, the effects of PBMT on the regenerative processes of hDPSCs are reviewed from biochemical and cytological perspectives on the basis of the available literature. Furthermore, we consider the feasibility of treatment in which PBMT irradiation is applied to stem cells, including dental pulp stem cells, and we discuss research that has reported on its effect.
X-rays-Induced Bystander Effect Consists in the Formation of DNA Breaks in a Calcium-Dependent Manner: Influence of the Experimental Procedure and the Individual Factor
Authors: Restier-Verlet Juliette , Joubert Aurélie , Ferlazzo Mélanie L. , Granzotto Adeline , Sonzogni Laurène , Al-Choboq Joëlle , El Nachef Laura , Le Reun Eymeric , Bourguignon Michel , Foray Nicolas
Published: March 2023

Radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) describe the biological events occurring in non-targeted cells in the vicinity of irradiated ones. Various experimental procedures have been used to investigate RIBE. Interestingly, most micro-irradiation experiments have been performed with alpha particles, whereas most medium transfers have been done with X-rays. With their high fluence, synchrotron X-rays represent a real opportunity to study RIBE by applying these two approaches with the same radiation type. The RIBE induced in human fibroblasts by the medium transfer approach resulted in a generation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) occurring from 10 min to 4 h post-irradiation. Such RIBE was found to be dependent on dose and on the number of donor cells. The RIBE induced with the micro-irradiation approach produced DSB with the same temporal occurrence. Culture media containing high concentrations of phosphates were found to inhibit RIBE, while media rich in calcium increased it. The contribution of the RIBE to the biological dose was evaluated after synchrotron X-rays, media transfer, micro-irradiation, and 6 MeV photon irradiation mimicking a standard radiotherapy session: the RIBE may represent less than 1%, about 5%, and about 20% of the initial dose, respectively. However, RIBE may result in beneficial or otherwise deleterious effects in surrounding tissues according to their radiosensitivity status and their capacity to release Ca2+ ions in response to radiation.
An Editorial on the Special Issue ‘Hsp90 Structure, Mechanism and Disease’
Authors: Prodromou Chrisostomos
Published: March 2023

Hsp90 is known for its role in the activation of an eclectic set of regulatory and signal transduction proteins [...]
The Role of the Transcription Factor Nrf2 in Alzheimer’s Disease: Therapeutic Opportunities
Authors: De Plano Laura Maria , Calabrese Giovanna , Rizzo Maria Giovanna , Oddo Salvatore , Caccamo Antonella
Published: March 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that affects the elderly. One of the key features of AD is the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which leads to an overall increase in oxidative damage. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of the antioxidant response in cells. Under low ROS levels, Nrf2 is kept in the cytoplasm. However, an increase in ROS production leads to a translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus, where it activates the transcription of several genes involved in the cells’ antioxidant response. Additionally, Nrf2 activation increases autophagy function. However, in AD, the accumulation of Aβ and tau reduces Nrf2 levels, decreasing the antioxidant response. The reduced Nrf2 levels contribute to the further accumulation of Aβ and tau by impairing their autophagy-mediated turnover. In this review, we discuss the overwhelming evidence indicating that genetic or pharmacological activation of Nrf2 is as a potential approach to mitigate AD pathology.
Efficacy of Serotonin and Dopamine Activity Modulators in the Treatment of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: A Rapid Review
Authors: Brasso Claudio , Colli Gianluca , Sgro Rodolfo , Bellino Silvio , Bozzatello Paola , Montemagni Cristiana , Villari Vincenzo , Rocca Paola
Published: March 2023

Schizophrenia is among the fifteen most disabling diseases worldwide. Negative symptoms (NS) are highly prevalent in schizophrenia, negatively affect the functional outcome of the disorder, and their treatment is difficult and rarely specifically investigated. Serotonin-dopamine activity modulators (SDAMs), of which aripiprazole, cariprazine, brexpiprazole, and lumateperone were approved for schizophrenia treatment, represent a possible therapy to reduce NS. The aim of this rapid review is to summarize the evidence on this topic to make it readily available for psychiatrists treating NS and for further research. We searched the PubMed database for original studies using SDAM, aripiprazole, cariprazine, brexpiprazole, lumateperone, schizophrenia, and NS as keywords. We included four mega-analyses, eight meta-analyses, two post hoc analyses, and 20 clinical trials. Aripiprazole, cariprazine, and brexpiprazole were more effective than placebo in reducing NS. Only six studies compared SDAMs with other classes of antipsychotics, demonstrating a superiority in the treatment of NS mainly for cariprazine. The lack of specific research and various methodological issues, related to the study population and the assessment of NS, may have led to these partial results. Here, we highlight the need to conduct new methodologically robust investigations with head-to-head treatment comparisons and long-term observational studies on homogeneous groups of patients evaluating persistent NS with first- and second-generation scales, namely the Brief Negative Symptom Scale and the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms. This rapid review can expand research on NS therapeutic strategies in schizophrenia, which is fundamental for the long-term improvement of patients’ quality of life.
Telomere Transcription in MLL-Rearranged Leukemia Cell Lines: Increased Levels of TERRA Associate with Lymphoid Lineage and Are Independent of Telomere Length and Ploidy
Authors: Caslini Corrado , Serna Amparo
Published: March 2023

Telomere transcription into telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) is an integral component of all aspects of chromosome end protection consisting of telomerase- or recombination-dependent telomere elongation, telomere capping, and the preservation of the (sub)telomeric heterochromatin structure. The chromatin modifier and transcriptional regulator MLL binds to telomeres and regulates TERRA transcription in telomere length homeostasis and response to telomere dysfunction. MLL fusion proteins (MLL-FPs), the product of MLL rearrangements in leukemia, also bind to telomeric chromatin. However, an effect on telomere transcription in MLL-rearranged (MLL-r) leukemia has not yet been evaluated. Here, we show increased UUAGGG repeat-containing RNA levels in MLL-r acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) when compared to non-MLL-r ALL and myeloid leukemia. MLL rearrangements do not affect telomere length and UUAGGG repeat-containing RNA levels correlate with mean telomere length and reflect increased levels of TERRA. Furthermore, high levels of TERRA in MLL-r ALL occur in the presence of telomerase activity and are independent of ploidy, an underestimated source of variation on the overall transcriptome size in a cell. This MLL rearrangement-dependent and lymphoid lineage-associated increase in levels of TERRA supports a sustained telomere transcription by MLL-FPs that correlates with marked genomic stability previously reported in pediatric MLL-r ALL.
Evaluation of CDK9 Inhibition by Dinaciclib in Combination with Apoptosis Modulating izTRAIL for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Shen Xiao , Kretz Anna-Laura , Schneider Sandra , Knippschild Uwe , Henne-Bruns Doris , Kornmann Marko , Lemke Johannes , Traub Benno
Published: March 2023

Treatment options for colorectal cancer (CRC), especially in advanced stages are still insufficient. There, the discovery of Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) was a bright spot. However, most cancers show resistance toward apoptotic signals. Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) plays a crucial role in cell cycle progression in most tissues. We recently demonstrated the role of CDK9 in mediating TRAIL resistance. In this work, we investigated the role of CDK9 in colorectal cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis of CDK9 expression in cancer and normal tissues of CRC specimens was performed. The effect of selective CDK9 inhibition in combination with TRAIL on CRC cells was analyzed via cell viability, colony formation, and induction of apoptosis by flow cytometry. The mechanism of action was conducted via western blotting. We now have confirmed overexpression of CDK9 in cancer tissues, with low expression associated with poorer survival in a subset of CRC patients. In-vitro, CDK9 inhibition could strongly promote TRAIL-induced cell death in TRAIL-resistant CRC cells. Mechanistically, CDK9 inhibition induced apoptosis by downregulation of antiapoptotic proteins, myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein 1 (Mcl-1) and FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP). Overall, we identified CDK9 as a prognostic marker and combined CDK9 inhibition and TRAIL as a novel and promising therapeutic approaches for colorectal cancer.
An Observational Study on Chronic Pain Biomarkers in Fibromyalgia and Osteoarthritis Patients: Which Role for Mu Opioid Receptor’s Expression on NK Cells?
Authors: Malafoglia Valentina , Ilari Sara , Gioia Chiara , Vitiello Laura , Tenti Michael , Iannuccelli Cristina , Cristiani Costanza Maria , Garofalo Cinzia , Passacatini Lucia Carmela , Viglietto Giuseppe , Scavalli Antonio Sili , Tomino Carlo , Mollace Vincenzo , Raffaeli William , Di Franco Manuela , Muscoli Carolina
Published: March 2023

The evaluation of chronic pain is challenging because of the lack of specific biomarkers. We identified the Mu opioid receptor-positive (Mu+) B cell percentage of expression, named Mu-Lympho-Marker (MLM), as a candidate marker for chronic pain in fibromyalgia (FM) and osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Here, we investigate the role of MLM on natural killer (NK) cells in the same patients. Twenty-nine FM and twelve OA patients were analyzed, and twenty-three pain-free subjects were considered as the control group. Blood samples were collected to perform immunophenotyping and Western blot analysis. Biological and clinical data were statistically analyzed. The final results showed that the percentage of NK cells expressing Mu was statistically lower in FM and OA patients than in pain-free subjects, as already demonstrated for B cells. A Western blot analysis was performed in order to detect NK cells’ functional status. Moreover, the correlation analysis of MLM expression with pharmacological therapy did not show any significant results. In conclusion, here, we confirm the role of MLM as a suitable marker for chronic pain and underline NK cells as a new possible immune cell type involved in the “Mu opioid receptor reserve theory”.
Genetics of Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension in Parkinson’s Disease, Results from a Cross-Sectional In Silico Study
Authors: Chevalier Guenson , Udovin Lucas , Otero-Losada Matilde , Bordet Sofia , Capani Francisco , Luo Sheng , Goetz Christopher G. , Perez-Lloret Santiago
Published: March 2023

The genetic basis of Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension (NOH) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been inadequately explored. In a cross-sectional study, we examined the association between NOH and PD-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and mapped their effects on gene expression and metabolic and signaling pathways. Patients with PD, free from pathological conditions associated with OH, and not taking OH-associated medications were included. NOH was defined as per international guidelines. Logistic regression was used to relate SNPs to NOH. Linkage-disequilibrium analysis, expression quantitative trait loci, and enrichment analysis were used to assess the effects on gene expression and metabolic/signaling pathways. We included 304 PD patients in the study, 35 of whom had NOH (11.5%). NOH was more frequent in patients with SNPs in SNCA, TMEM175, FAM47E-STBD1, CCDC62, SCN3A, MIR4696, SH3GL2, and LZTS3/DDRGK1 and less frequent in those with SNPs in ITGA8, IP6K2, SIPA1L2, NDUFAF2. These SNPs affected gene expression associated with the significant hierarchical central structures of the autonomic nervous system. They influenced several metabolic/signaling pathways, most notably IP3/Ca++ signaling, the PKA-CREB pathway, and the metabolism of fatty acids. These findings provide new insights into the pathophysiology of NOH in PD and may provide targets for future therapies.
Exploring the Applicability of the PPP in Tourist Toilets: Reflections on the Laoshan Case in China
Authors: Dai Juncheng , Jiang Shiyuan , Cheng Zhe
Published: March 2023

Although public–private partnerships (PPPs) for tourism have received extensive attention, there has been limited research on their application to tourist toilets. The purpose of this study was to systematically explore the applicability of PPPs with respect to the construction and operation of tourist toilets. The study conducted field investigations and semi-structured interviews in the Qingdao Laoshan Scenic Area (LSA), where purposive sampling techniques were used to manage participant selection and expand sample sizes. It finds that first, the use of PPPs to build tourist toilets is new and has shown both development potential and challenges. Second, the use of PPPs to provide tourist toilets is not yet mature owing to management and supply inefficiencies. Third, the DBTO model in the Laoshan case offers a significant methodological value for similar PPP projects, which could be replicated and promoted more widely when certain conditions are met. This study has filled a research gap in the global toilet revolution and shows a different path from the investment guarantee system in developed Western countries and the Guilin model in China. This application of a PPP in provision of tourist toilets also broadens the knowledge base of researchers studying PPPs in the field of tourism and could lead to the development of a policy approach with respect to PPPs’ application in the toilet revolution and regional tourism development.
Catalytic Performance for CO Methanation over Ni/MCM-41 Catalyst in a Slurry-Bed Reactor
Authors: Zhang Guoqiang , Qin Jinyu , Zhou Yuan , Zheng Huayan , Meng Fanhui
Published: March 2023

The Ni-based catalyst has been intensively studied for CO methanation. Here, MCM-41 is selected as support to prepare xNi/MCM-41 catalysts with various Ni contents and the catalytic performance for CO methanation in a slurry-bed reactor is investigated under different reaction conditions. The CO conversion gradually increases as the reaction temperature or pressure rises. As the Ni content increases, the specific surface area and pore volume of xNi/MCM-41 catalysts decrease, the crystallite sizes of metallic Ni increase, while the metal surface area and active Ni atom numbers firstly increase and then slightly decrease. The 20Ni/MCM-41 catalyst with the Ni content of 20 wt% exhibits the highest catalytic activity for CO methanation, and the initial CH4 yield rate is well correlated to the active metallic Ni atom numbers. The characterization of the spent xNi/MCM-41 catalysts shows that the agglomeration of Ni metal is accountable for the catalyst deactivation.
Gold and Ceria Modified NiAl Hydrotalcite Materials as Catalyst Precursors for Dry Reforming of Methane
Authors: La Parola Valeria , Pantaleo Giuseppe , Liotta Leonarda Francesca , Venezia Anna Maria , Gabrovska Margarita , Nikolova Dimitrinka , Tabakova Tatyana
Published: March 2023

Structured hydrotalcite NiAl-HT material with Ni/Al atomic ratio of 2.5 was prepared by co-precipitation of Ni and Al nitrate precursors and then modified by the addition of 1 wt% Ce and/or 3 wt% Au species. The obtained materials, after calcination at 600 °C, were characterized by XRD, XPS and TPR. Their catalytic performance was tested through dry reforming of methane (DRM) and by the temperature-programmed surface reaction of methane (TPSR-CH4). Thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA) of the spent catalysts was performed to determine the amount of carbon accumulated during the reaction. The effects of the addition of cerium as a support promoter and gold as nickel promoter and the sequential addition of cerium and gold on the structural properties and on the catalytic efficiency were investigated. Under the severe condition of high space velocity (600,000 mL g−1 h−1), all the catalysts were quite active, with values of CH4 conversion between 67% and 74% at 700 °C. In particular, the combination of cerium and gold enhanced the CH4 conversion up to 74%. Both additives, individually and simultaneously, enhanced the nickel dispersion with respect to the unpromoted NiAl and favored the reducibility of the nickel. During DRM all the catalysts formed graphitic carbon, contributing to their deactivation. The lower carbon gasification temperature of the promoted catalysts confirmed a positive effect played by Ce and Au in assisting the formation of an easier-to-remove carbon. The positive effect was testified by the better stability of the Ce/NiAl with respect to the other catalysts. In the gold-containing samples, this effect was neutralized by Au diffusing towards the catalyst surface during DRM, masking the nickel active sites. TPSR-CH4 test highlighted different CH4 activation capability of the catalysts. Furthermore, the comparison of the deposited carbon features (amount and removal temperature) of the DRM and TPSR spent catalysts indicated a superior activation of CO2 by the Au/Ce/NiAl, to be related to the close interaction of gold and ceria enhancing the oxygen mobility in the catalyst lattice.
Actin–Microtubule Crosstalk Imparts Stiffness to the Contractile Ring in Fission Yeast
Authors: Bellingham-Johnstun Kimberly , Tyree Zoe L. , Martinez-Baird Jessica , Thorn Annelise , Laplante Caroline
Published: March 2023

Actin–microtubule interactions are critical for cell division, yet how these networks of polymers mutually influence their mechanical properties and functions in live cells remains unknown. In fission yeast, the post-anaphase array (PAA) of microtubules assembles in the plane of the contractile ring, and its assembly relies on the Myp2p-dependent recruitment of Mto1p, a component of equatorial microtubule organizing centers (eMTOCs). The general organization of this array of microtubules and the impact on their physical attachment to the contractile ring remain unclear. We found that Myp2p facilitates the recruitment of Mto1p to the inner face of the contractile ring, where the eMTOCs polymerize microtubules without their direct interaction. The PAA microtubules form a dynamic polygon of Ase1p crosslinked microtubules inside the contractile ring. The specific loss of PAA microtubules affects the mechanical properties of the contractile ring of actin by lowering its stiffness. This change in the mechanical properties of the ring has no measurable impact on cytokinesis or on the anchoring of the ring. Our work proposes that the PAA microtubules exploit the contractile ring for their assembly and function during cell division, while the contractile ring may receive no benefit from these interactions.
The Multiple Mitotic Roles of the ASPM Orthologous Proteins: Insight into the Etiology of ASPM-Dependent Microcephaly
Authors: Razuvaeva Alyona V. , Graziadio Lucia , Palumbo Valeria , Pavlova Gera A. , Popova Julia V. , Pindyurin Alexey V. , Bonaccorsi Silvia , Somma Maria Patrizia , Gatti Maurizio
Published: March 2023

The Drosophila abnormal spindle (asp) gene was discovered about 40 years ago and shown to be required for both mitotic and meiotic cell division. Subsequent studies showed that asp is highly conserved and that mutations in its human ortholog ASPM (Abnormal Spindle-like Microcephaly-associated; or MCPH5) are the most common cause of autosomal recessive primary microcephaly. This finding greatly stimulated research on ASPM and its fly and mouse (Aspm) orthologs. The three Asp orthologous proteins bind the microtubules (MTs) minus ends during cell division and also function in interphase nuclei. Investigations on different cell types showed that Asp/Aspm/ASPM depletion disrupts one or more of the following mitotic processes: aster formation, spindle pole focusing, centrosome-spindle coupling, spindle orientation, metaphase-to-anaphase progression, chromosome segregation, and cytokinesis. In addition, ASPM physically interacts with components of the DNA repair and replication machineries and is required for the maintenance of chromosomal DNA stability. We propose the working hypothesis that the asp/Aspm/ASPM genes play the same conserved functions in Drosophila, mouse, and human cells. Human microcephaly is a genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by mutations in 30 different genes that play a variety of functions required for cell division and chromosomal DNA integrity. Our hypothesis postulates that ASPM recapitulates the functions of most human microcephaly genes and provides a justification for why ASPM is the most frequently mutated gene in autosomal recessive primary microcephaly.
Bioinspired Materials for Sensor and Clinical Applications: Two Case Studies
Authors: Alfinito Eleonora , Ciccarese Mariangela , Maruccio Giuseppe , Monteduro Anna Grazia , Rizzato Silvia
Published: March 2023

The growing interest in bio-inspired materials is driven by the need for increasingly targeted and efficient devices that also have a low ecological impact. These devices often use specially developed materials (e.g., polymers, aptamers, monoclonal antibodies) capable of carrying out the process of recognizing and capturing a specific target in a similar way to biomaterials of natural origin. In this article, we present two case studies, in which the target is a biomolecule of medical interest, in particular, α-thrombin and cytokine IL-6. In these examples, different biomaterials are compared to establish, with a theoretical-computational procedure known as proteotronics, which of them has the greatest potential for use in a biodevice.
Incorporation of Epilepsy into Life Skills Education: Perceptions of Primary School Learners in Mpumalanga and Limpopo Province—A Qualitative Exploratory Study
Authors: Makhado Thendo Gertie , Lebese Rachel Tsakani , Maputle Maria Sonto
Published: March 2023

Providing education on epilepsy is crucial, as this helps individuals to acquire the necessary knowledge and skills to effectively manage seizures while also reducing the stigma and misconceptions surrounding the condition. The aim of this research was to examine how learners perceive the integration of epilepsy education into life skills training. A descriptive-exploratory design was utilized for the study. The research took place in the provinces of Limpopo and Mpumalanga, located in South Africa, where primary schools in chosen rural communities were selected for the research. Six focus group discussions were conducted with learners aged 9 to 14 years in grades 4 to 7. Each group was comprised of six learners, resulting in a total of 36 individuals who satisfied the inclusion criteria. Data were collected from August to November 2022. Semi-structured interviews were utilized to collect data until saturation was reached. The collected data were analyzed with the assistance of ATLAS.ti. The study’s results underscore the significance of incorporating epilepsy education into life skills curricula at the primary school level, as revealed by two prominent themes that emerged: first, the reasons provided by students for the integration of epilepsy education into life skills training, and second, the preferred teaching methodologies for epilepsy education within the life skills curriculum as identified by learners. Trustworthiness and ethical consideration were ensured. It is recommended that guidelines for epilepsy life skills should be developed to enhance the wellbeing and academic performance of learners with epilepsy in primary schools in Mpumalanga and Limpopo provinces.
Randomized Trial of 21% versus 100% Oxygen during Chest Compressions Followed by Gradual versus Abrupt Oxygen Titration after Return of Spontaneous Circulation in Neonatal Lambs
Authors: Sankaran Deepika , Giusto Evan M. , Lesneski Amy L. , Hardie Morgan E. , Joudi Houssam M. , Lane Emily C. A. , Hammitt Victoria L. , Tully Kirstie C. , Vali Payam , Lakshminrusimha Satyan
Published: March 2023

The combination of perinatal acidemia with postnatal hyperoxia is associated with a higher incidence of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in newborn infants. In neonatal cardiac arrest, current International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) and Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) guidelines recommend increasing inspired O2 to 100% during chest compressions (CC). Following the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), gradual weaning from 100% O2 based on pulse oximetry (SpO2) can be associated with hyperoxia and risk for cerebral tissue injury owing to oxidative stress. We hypothesize that compared to gradual weaning from 100% O2 with titration based on preductal SpO2, abrupt or rapid weaning of inspired O2 to 21% after ROSC or use of 21% O2 during CC followed by upward titration of inspired O2 to achieve target SpO2 after ROSC will limit hyperoxia after ROSC. Nineteen lambs were randomized before delivery and asphyxial arrest was induced by umbilical cord occlusion. There was no difference in oxygenation during chest compressions between the three groups. Gradual weaning of inspired O2 from 100% O2 after ROSC resulted in supraphysiological PaO2 and higher cerebral oxygen delivery compared to 21% O2 during CC or 100% O2 during CC followed by abrupt weaning to 21% O2 after ROSC. The use of 21% O2 during CC was associated with very low PaO2 after ROSC and higher brain tissue lactic acid compared to other groups. Our findings support the current recommendations to use 100% O2 during CC and additionally suggest the benefit of abrupt decrease in inspired oxygen to 21% O2 after ROSC. Clinical studies are warranted to investigate optimal oxygen titration after chest compressions and ROSC during neonatal resuscitation.
Development of a Surface Treatment to Achieve Long-Lasting Antimicrobial Properties and Non-Cytotoxicity through Simultaneous Incorporation of Ag and Zn via Two-Step Micro-Arc Oxidation
Authors: Tsutsumi Yusuke , Tsutsumi Harumi , Manaka Tomoyo , Chen Peng , Ashida Maki , Katayama Hideki , Hanawa Takao
Published: March 2023

A customized micro-arc oxidation (MAO) treatment technique was developed to obtain antibacterial properties with no toxicity on Ti surfaces. A two-step MAO treatment was used to fabricate a specimen containing both Ag and Zn in its surface oxide layer, and the optimal incorporation conditions were determined. Surface characterization by EDS was performed followed by the antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and osteogenic cell compatibility evaluations. In addition, metal ion release tests were performed to evaluate the contents of Ag and Zn and the ion release behavior in order to simulate practical usage. MAO-treated specimens prepared using proper concentrations of Ag and Zn (0.5Ag-5Zn: 0.5 mM AgNO3 and 5.0 mM ZnCl, respectively) exhibited excellent antibacterial properties against E. coli and S. aureus and no toxicity to MC3T3-E1 in antibacterial and cytotoxic evaluations, respectively. The antibacterial property of 0.5Ag-5Zn against S. aureus was sustained even after two months of immersion in physiological saline, simulating the in vivo environment.
Direct Liquid Reactor-Injector of Nanoparticles: A Safer-by-Design Aerosol Injection for Nanocomposite Thin-Film Deposition Adapted to Various Plasma-Assisted Processes
Authors: Carnide Guillaume , Cacot Laura , Champouret Yohan , Pozsgay Vincent , Verdier Thomas , Girardeau Adèle , Cavarroc Marjorie , Sarkissian Andranik , Mingotaud Anne-Françoise , Vahlas Constantin , Kahn Myrtil Louise , Naudé Nicolas , Stafford Luc , Clergereaux Richard
Published: March 2023

The requirements of nanocomposite thin films, having non-aggregated nanoparticles homogeneously dispersed in the matrix, have been realized using a new method of Direct Liquid Reactor-Injector (DLRI) of nanoparticles. In this approach, unlike conventional aerosol-assisted plasma deposition, the nanoparticles are synthesized before their injection as an aerosol into plasma. In our experiments, we have used two different plasma reactors, namely an asymmetric low-pressure RF plasma reactor and a parallel plate dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure. Our results have shown that DLRI can be easily coupled with various plasma processes as this approach allows the deposition of high-quality multifunctional nanocomposite thin films, with embedded nanoparticles of less than 10 nm in diameter. Hence, DLRI coupled with plasma processes meets the specifications for the deposition of multifunctional coatings.
Investigations and Applications in Advanced Materials Processing
Authors: Yao Qingyu
Published: March 2023

Advanced structural materials have been widely used in modern industries, such as mining, building, aerospace, chip manufacturing and surface engineering [...]
Introducing a Fair Tax Method to Harden Industrial Blockchain Applications against Network Attacks: A Game Theory Approach
Authors: Stodt Fatemeh , Reich Christoph
Published: March 2023

Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) systems are enhancing the delivery of services and boosting productivity in a wide array of industries, from manufacturing to healthcare. However, IIoT devices are susceptible to cyber-threats such as the leaking of important information, products becoming compromised, and damage to industrial controls. Recently, blockchain technology has been used to increase the trust between stakeholders collaborating in the supply chain in order to preserve privacy, ensure the provenance of material, provide machine-led maintenance, etc. In all cases, such industrial blockchains establish a novel foundation of trust for business transactions which could potentially streamline and expedite economic processes to a significant extent. This paper presents an examination of “Schloss”, an industrial blockchain system architecture designed for multi-factory environments. It proposes an innovative solution to increase trust in industrial networks by incorporating a fairness concept as a subsystem of an industrial blockchain. The proposed mechanism leverages the concept of taxes imposed on blockchain nodes to enforce ethical conduct and discipline among participants. In this paper, we propose a game theory-based mechanism to address security and trust difficulties in industrial networks. The mechanism, inspired by the ultimatum game, progressively punishes malicious actors to increase the cost of fraud, improve the compensation system, and utilise the reward reporting capabilities of blockchain technology to further discourage fraudulent activities. Furthermore, the blockchain’s incentive structure is utilised to reduce collusion and speed up the process of reaching equilibrium, thereby promoting a secure and trustworthy environment for industrial collaboration. The objective of this paper is to address lack of trust among industrial partners and introduce a solution that brings security and trust to the forefront of industrial blockchain applications.