bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Some Spices Widely Consumed in Turkey
Authors: KÖSE Şenol
Published: December 2020

In the present study, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of methanol extracts of some packaged and unpackaged spices including cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and mint (Mentha spicata L.) were determined. The antimicrobial effect of different concentrations of these spice extracts was examined by agar diffusion method against Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium. While the antioxidant properties of spice extracts were examined using 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) methods, the total phenolic components were examined using Folin–Ciocalteu method. Methanol extracts of spices showed antimicrobial activity at different rates against tested microorganisms. The methanol extract of unpackaged mint showed highest inhibiton zones (22.50 mm) against Salmonella typhimurium. When the total phenolic concentrations of spice extracts ranged from 6239.58 to 27197.92 mg GAE/kg, the ABTS values ranged from 40.75 to 667.57 mmol Trolox/g dried spice and the percentage of DPPH inhibitions ranged from 88.98 to 96.26%.
Arpada Tuz Stresine Karşı Zingeronun Koruyucu Etkisi
Authors: BULUT Hüseyin
Published: December 2020

Abiyotik stresler içerisinde tarım ürünlerinin üretimini en çok sınırlayan kuraklık olup, bunu tuzluluk faktörü takip etmektedir. İklimsel değişikler nedeniyle toprağın tuzluluk oranında artış beklendiği için bu sorunun daha da kötüleşeceği öngörülmektedir. Çevresel stres faktörleri, organizmaların savunma sistem aktivitelerinin azalmasına ve reaktif oksijen türlerinin (ROT) artmasına neden olmaktadır. Artan ROT’ lar ise DNA ve RNA hasarına neden olurlar. Bu çalışmada 5 farklı dozda (50, 100, 150, 200 ve 250 mM) tuz stresine maruz bırakılan Hordeum vulgare L. tohumlarında zingeronun koruyucu etkisinin tespiti amaçlanmıştır. Tuz stresinin tetiklediği retrotranspozonların hareketliliği ile oluşan polimorfizm ve GTS (Genomic Template Stability) seviyelerinin tespiti için IRAP (Inter Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism) tekniği kullanılmıştır. IRAP analizi sonuçlarından, tuz stresine maruz kalan arpa örneklerinin polimorfizm değerleri %18.51 ile %40.74 arasında değişiklik göstermekte olup ortalaması % 28.88’ dir. GTS değeri ise % 59.26 ile % 81.49 arasında değişiklik göstermekte ve ortalaması % 71.12’ dir. Tuz stresinin yanı sıra zingeron uygulanan arpa örneklerinde ise polimorfizm değeri azalarak % 14.81 ile % 33.33 aralığında elde edilmiş ve ortalaması ise % 24.43’e düşmüştür. GTS değeri % 66.67 ile % 85. 19 aralığına yükselmiş, ortalaması ise % 75.57’ ye çıkmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarından zingeronun tuz stresini hafiflettiği ve retrotanspozon hareketliliğini azalttığı saptanmıştır.
Influence of Some Dairy Powders on the Qualitative Parameters of Bread
Authors: DEMİR Mustafa Kürşat , ERTAŞ Nilgün , SERT Durmuş
Published: December 2020

Bread, is one of the basic nutrients of Turkish people, is one of the first in providing energy, although it is rich in carbohydrate, and not sufficient in terms of protein, vitamins and minerals, it is suitable for enriching with natural additives. Dairy powder as skim milk powder, yogurt powder, buttermilk powder, colostrum powder, whey protein concentrate powder and lactose powder are obtained by spray drying of some dairy products. The target of this study is to enrich the bread samples with dairy powders and increase the usage of by-products in food systems. For this purpose, different dairy powder (skim milk powder (SMP), butter milk powder (BMP), yoghurt powder (YP), colostrum powder (CP), whey powder (WP) and lactose (L) were used in bread formulations (3%). AACC Method 10.10 was used in bread making with some modifications. Bread volume, weight, specific volume, texture, porosity, symmetry, firmness (after 24 and 72 hours), crust and crumb color properties of the breads and rheological properties (extensograph) of dough samples were investigated. Bread weight, volume, specific volume, texture, firmness (P<0.01), symmetry and porosity (P<0.05) values were statistically effected by the powder types. While the highest bread volume value was determined with CP, dairy powder addition gave lower bread volume values compared to control bread sample. Besides, CP addition gave desirable bread properties (darker crust color and softer crumb texture). According to rheological properties, the highest resistance to extension and energy values of dough samples was determined with YP addition, while CP addition gave the highest maximum extensibility values. As a consequence, dairy powder form could be used in bread formulations and further studies on dairy by-products usage are recommended.
On the Financial Situation Analysis with KNN and Naive Bayes Classification Algorithms
Authors: ULUDAĞ Oğuzcan , GÜRSOY Arif
Published: December 2020

Classification, a data mining technique, has been applied on the financial parameters used in the Altman Z-Score formulas for a certain number of selected firms in manufacturing industry. The Altman Z-Score is used to estimate a firm's financial difficulties. The Z-Score value shows whether the financial position of the firm is good, moderate or risky. In this study, KNN and Naive Bayes algorithms are used as classification methods. The Z-Score values of all firms are calculated and a certain number of data for all three types are selected and taught to the system as learning data. Algorithms are run on the financial parameters in the Z-Score formulas of companies not taught to the system. Over all data, The KNN and Naive Bayes algorithms achieve 84–88% and 75–86% success, respectively. This study, where data mining techniques are applied on a finance model and successful results are achieved, will contribute to the application of different technologies in many different analysis processes of the financial sector.
Genetik Algoritmalar Kullanılarak Transformatörde Kademe Ayarı ile Enerji Verimliliği İyileştirme
Authors: GÜMÜŞ Enes Talha , SARIGÜZEL Cüneyt , TURAN Mustafa , YALÇIN Mehmet Ali
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada amaç, bir optimizasyon problemi olarak, dağıtım sisteminin aktif güç kayıplarını minimum yapmaktır. Bunun için, sistem değişkeni olarak kademe değiştiricili transformatörün kademe pozisyonu kullanılmıştır. Yöntem adımları olarak önce, IEEE 13 Baralı test sisteminde bulunan kademe değiştiricili transformatörün kademe ayarı, 24 saat için önceden öngörülen yük durumuna göre OpenDSS yazılımı ile güç akışı yapılarak elde edilmiştir. OpenDSS yazılımında kademe değeri transformatörün çıkış gerilimi istenilen seviyeye (genellikle fiderin tam ortasında 1 per-unit (pu) olacak şekilde) ayarlanmaktadır. Sonra esas amaç olan, dağıtım sistemindeki aktif güç kayıplarını minimum yapacak transformatör kademe değerleri MATLAB programında, sezgisel yöntemlerden olan genetik algoritmalar kullanılarak bulunmuştur. Kısıt olarak sistemdeki gerilim seviyesi 0.95 - 1.05 pu arasında tutulmuştur. Yapılan Simülasyon çalışmaları, genetik algoritmalarla elde edilen kademe değerleri ile kayıp minimizasyonun daha etkin daha iyi enerji verimliliği sağladığını göstermiştir.
Acute Toxicity (LC50) Of Cyhalofop Butyl on Gambusia Holbrooki
Authors: GÜNER Utku
Published: December 2020

Cyhalofob butyl is a synthetic herbist. This herbicide is a systemic herbicide and is used in weed control especially on celtic agriculture. In this study, the acute toxicity (LC50) of this herbist (Chillinger 200 EC 200, cyhalofob butyl) was investigated, which is currently used intensely in the fight against herbists in Thrace region, including Cyhalofob butyl. Acute toxicity (LC50 value) for this herbicide has been investigated in the common mosquito fish (Gambusia holbrooki) in Thrace Region. Lethal Dose 50 experiments were performed in 3 replicates in static test runs (water temperature 27.70 ±0.56 C, water pH 8.88± 0.37, and conductivity 718.25±21.113 µhos). The experiment results obtained for Chillinger 200 ec during the experiments were evaluated by Trimmed Spearman–Karber method. 96-hour LC50 value for the mosquito fish Gambusia holbrooki was calculated as 4.140 ppm.
Türkiye’nin Biyoekonomi Politikalarının Tarımsal Açıdan Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ARISOY Hasan , AVCI Yücel
Published: December 2020

Artan nüfus, tükenen doğal kaynaklar, küresel iklim değişikliği gibi nedenler, dünyanın mevcut tüketim düzeyinin artık sürdürülebilir olmadığını göstermektedir. Biyoekonomi; biyolojik kaynakları (tarım, gıda, ormancılık, balıkçılık, diğer biyo-temelli endüstriler) üreten, yöneten ve yayan her türlü endüstri ve ekonomik sektörü kapsamaktadır. Günümüz dünyasının tarım eksenli biyoekonomisi, sürdürülebilir kalkınma için yeni bir paradigma olarak değerlendirilebilir. Bu çalışma ile biyoekonomi kavramının ortaya çıkışı, dünyada öne çıkan biyoekonomi politikaları ve Türkiye’de bu alandaki gelişmelerin tarımsal açıdan değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Birleşmiş Milletler Gıda ve Tarım Örgütü’nün raporuna göre, 2050 yılında insanların besin ihtiyacının yeteri kadar karşılanması için gıda gereksiniminin %70 artacağı, küresel su gereksiniminin %55 artacağı, dünya nüfusunun %40’ının su sorunu yaşayacağı vurgulanmaktadır. Tüm gelişmiş ülkeler bu tehlikenin farkında oldukları için biyoekonomi temelli politikalar ve kalkınma stratejileri üretmektedirler. Dünyada kırktan fazla ülke biyoekonomi stratejisini belirlemiştir. Türkiye’de de bu konuda atılan bazı adımlar vardır. Örneğin Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü bünyesinde bir yol haritası belirlenmiştir. Ancak henüz bir biyoekonomi stratejisi yoktur. Türkiye’nin de en kısa zamanda biyoekonomi stratejisini belirlemesi ve dünyadaki bu paradigma değişimine ayak uydurması gerekmektedir.
Investigation of Anti-proliferative and Anti-migratory Properties of Recombinant J2-C2 Against Tumor Cells
Authors: SONGUR Mustafa , BİLGİN Sema , ERDEN TAYHAN Seçil , GÖKÇE İsa
Published: December 2020

Cancer is a big public health problem in many parts of the world. A novel anti-tumor protein (J2-C2) was previously isolated from Arca inflata and it was reported that this protein had anti-proliferative effect on some human tumor cell lines such as A549, HepG2 and SPC-A-1. In this study, firstly, J2-C2 was produced by recombinant techniques in the Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3) pLysE and this protein was purified by Ni-NTA agarose affinity chromatography. Expressed recombinant J2-C2 was analyzed with SDS-PAGE. 75.5 mg ml-1 of J2-C2 was achieved from a 600 mL culture. Then using HT-29, MCF7 and PC3 cancer cell lines, we showed the effect of recombinant of J2-C2 on cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis in a cell specific manner. Cell viability was measured using MTT assay. Additionally, real-time-qPCR was applied to analyze the transcript levels of apoptosis related genes such as Bcl-2, Bax and p53. The 2–ΔΔCt method was performed to determine the relative changes in gene transcription. Moreover, scratch wound healing assay was performed to evaluate the effect of J2-C2 on cancer cell migration. Consequently, we found that recombinant J2-C2 did not have a significant effect on cell viabilities of MCF7, PC3 and HT29 in concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, our results showed that recombinant J2-C2 declined HT29, MCF7 cell migration. However, we did not observe the same results for PC3 cancer cell line.
New Locality Record of the Red-Bellied Lizard, Darevskia parvula (Lantz & Cyrén, 1913) s.l., from eastern Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: CANDAN Kamil , GÜL Serkan , KUMLUTAŞ Yusuf , YILDIRIM Elif , ILGAZ Çetin
Published: December 2020

Darevskia parvula is a rock lizard that is endemic for Anatolia. The known distribution range of the species is limited on eastern and northeastern Anatolia. Although many morphological studies have been carried out on the species, there are also molecular studies to construct its taxonomy in recent years. Four adult lizard specimens were collected from eastern Anatolia in 2016 during a herpetological field survey. We present a summary of a morphological features, and report new locality which is the westernmost record (Çayırlı Village, Erzincan) for D. parvula sensu lato in Turkey. Our finding largely extends the known distribution of the species.
Fasulyede (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Farklı Tuz ve Putresin Uygulamalarının Çimlenme ve Fide Gelişimi Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: KİBAR Beyhan , ŞAHİN Bilgehan , KIEMDE Ousseini
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışma, dünyada ve ülkemizde yaygın olarak yetiştiriciliği yapılan ve tuzluluğa hassas sebze türleri içerisinde yer alan fasulyede farklı tuz ve putresin uygulamalarının çimlenme ve fide gelişimi üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bitkisel materyal olarak Öz Ayşe sırık taze fasulye çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada, 3 farklı tuz (NaCl) seviyesi (50, 100 ve 200 mM) ve 3 farklı putresin dozunun (0.1, 1 ve 2 mM) kullanıldığı toplam 16 farklı uygulama ele alınmış olup, tuz ve putresinin ayrı ayrı ve birlikte etkileri incelenmiştir. Çimlendirme ve fide denemesi şeklinde yürütülen çalışmada; çimlenme oranı, radikula ve plumula uzunluğu, radikula yaş ve kuru ağırlığı, plumula yaş ve kuru ağırlığı, fide boyu, gövde çapı, kök uzunluğu, fide yaş ve kuru ağırlığı, kök yaş ve kuru ağırlığı, yaprak sayısı, klorofil, renk (L*, a*, b*, C* ve h°), pH, elektriksel iletkenlik ve kuru madde miktarı belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda uygulamalar arasında incelenen özellikler bakımından önemli farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Tuzluluğun fasulye tohumlarında çimlenmeyi büyük ölçüde engellediği tespit edilmiştir. Tuzluluk şiddetinin artması ile çimlenme oranında ve fide büyümesinde önemli derecede azalma görülmüştür. Tuz stresi altında putresin uygulamaları çimlenme özellikleri ve fide gelişim parametrelerinde artış sağlamıştır. Genel olarak putresin uygulamalarının tuz stresinin çimlenme ve fide gelişimi üzerinde meydana getirdiği olumsuz etkileri azalttığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, putresinin 0.1 ve 1 mM’lık dozlarının 2 mM’lık doza göre hem tuzlu şartlarda hem de normal şartlarda çimlenme ve fide büyümesi üzerinde daha etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Su ile hazırlanan zeytin yaprağı özütünün ratlarda streptozotosin kaynaklı oksidatif stres ve lipit peroksidasyonu üzerine etkileri
Authors: GÜR Fatma , AĞGÜL Ahmet Gökhan , GÜLABOĞLU Mine
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada, Streptozotosin'in (STZ) neden olduğu diyabetik ratlarda su içinde hazırlanan zeytin yaprağı özütünün (OLE) antidiyabetik ve antioksidatif etkilerinin araştırması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmamızda Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıbbi Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi (ATADEM)’den temin edilen ve ağırlıkları 200-215 g arasında değişen toplam 25 adet Albino Wistar erkek rat kullanıldı. Ratlar Kontrol, 0.5 g kg-1 OLE, 40 mg kg-1 STZ, 0.25 g kg-1 OLE + STZ ve 0.5 g kg-1 OLE + STZ olmak üzere beş gruba ayrıldı. 14 günlük OLE uygulama sonrası ratların karaciğer dokuları süperoksit dismutaz (SOD), glutatyon peroksidaz (GPx), glutatyon S-transferaz (GST) aktivitelerinin ve malondialdehit (MDA) seviyelerinin belirlenmesi için alındı. Kan örnekleri ise alanin transaminaz (ALT), aspartat transaminaz (AST) ve alkalen fosfataz (ALP) biyokimyasal parametrelerinin ve ek olarak glikoz seviyelerinin belirlenmesi için alındı. İstatistiksel analizler SPSS 20.0 yazılım programı kullanılarak ANOVA testi ile belirlendi. STZ ile birlikte OLE’nin iki farklı dozda oral yoldan verilmesinden sonra, diyabetik grup ile karşılaştırıldığında OLE’nin her iki doz grubunda ALP, ALT ve AST düzeylerinde önemli düşüşler gözlenmiştir (p<0.001). Ayrıca, sadece STZ verilen gruba kıyasla, STZ ile birlikte OLE uygulanan gruplarda SOD, GPx ve GST aktivitelerinde anlamlı bir artışla birlikte MDA, ALT, AST ve ALP düzeylerinde istatiksel olarak anlamlı düşüşler görülmüştür (p<0.001). Ancak OLE’nin 0.5 g kg-1 dozu 0.25 g kg-1 dozuna kıyasla daha etkili olmuştur. Sonuç olarak, elde edilen in-vivo veriler, suda hazırlanan OLE'nin oksidatif stresin kısıtlanması ve antioksidan aktivitelerin güçlendirilmesi sayesinde bir anti-diyabetik etkiye sahip olabileceğini göstermiştir.
Hünnap Meyvesinden Üretilen Marmelatların Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: KAPLAN Benay , OKCU Zühal
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada hünnap (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) meyvesinin ve bu meyveden üretilen marmelatların 3 ay süreyle depolama boyunca farklı sıcaklıklarda (+4 ̊C ve +20 ̊C) fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerindeki değişimleri belirlenmiştir. Üç aylık depolamada 0., 1., 2. ve 3. aylarda suda çözünür kuru madde (SÇKM), titrasyon asitliği, pH, kuru madde, kül, askorbik asit (C vitamini), sakaroz, invert şeker, toplam şeker, renk, toplam fenolik madde, antioksidan kapasitesi (ABTS ve DPPH), maya ve küf analizleri yapılmıştır. Depolama süresi boyunca hünnap meyvesinden üretilen marmelat örneklerinde suda çözünür kuru madde, invert şeker, toplam şeker, kül, kuru madde, askorbik asit (C vitamini), L, a, b değerleri, fenolik madde ve antioksidan aktivite miktarlarında azalma gözlenmiştir. Sıcaklık bakımından +20ºC’deki depolamadan incelenen parametrelerden suda çözünür kuru madde, pH, toplam şeker, invert şeker, ABTS ve DPPH’ta yüksek değerler bulunurken, +4ºC’deki depolamada ise; toplam kuru madde, askorbik asit, sakaroz, L, a ve toplam fenolik madde miktarı bakımından en yüksek değerler elde edilmiştir.
Influence of multiple uses of water on the sustainability of communally-managed rural water supply systems in Zimbabwe
Authors: Kativhu Tendai , Mazvimavi Dominic , Tevera Daniel , Nhapi Innocent
Published: December 2020

The utilisation of drinking water supply systems for productive uses is not a new practice in Zimbabwe and the world over. This study sought to explore how multiple uses of water, in this case community gardening as a productive use combined with domestic uses influence sustainability of communally-managed rural water supply systems. Using the independent samples t-test, it was noted that community gardening positively influences sustainability. The test was done on institutional, technical, social and financial factors of sustainability. Results showed that there were statistically significant differences in sustainability performance between water points used for multiple uses and those used for domestic uses only. However, it was also noted that using drinking water sources for multiple uses increases the frequency of water use conflicts and water point breakdowns, which negatively impact on sustainability. This means that where water sources are used for multiple uses additional management skills and resources may be required for the water points to be sustained. The study concluded that using domestic water sources for productive purposes enhances sustainability of water supply facilities; however, consideration has to be given about the relative importance and scale of the type of productive activity to be implemented.
Characteristics of rural domestic wastewater with source separation
Authors: Cheng Fangkui , Dai Zheqin , Shen Shuting , Wang Siyu , Lu Xiwu
Published: December 2020

Rural domestic wastewater (RDW), one of the non-point pollution sources, has become a significant object related to sanitation improvement and water pollution control in Taihu Lake Basin, China. Current research on RDW characteristics and management with source separation is limited. In this study, a source-separated investigation into the characteristics of RDW was conducted, and the management suggestions were proposed. The results showed that the average RDW production coefficient was 94.1 ± 31.6 (range: 71.8–143.0) liters per capita (person) per day. Household-level wastewater generation peaked two or three times daily, and the synchronous fluctuation could cause hydraulic loading shocks to treatment facilities. The population equivalents of chemical oxygen demand, ammonium nitrogen (NH4+–N), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in RDW were 78.7, 3.7, 4.12, and 0.8 g/(cap·d), respectively. Blackwater from water closet source accounted for 30.4% of the total wastewater amount, contributing 93.0%, 81.7%, and 67.3% to loads of NH4+-N, TN, and TP, respectively. Graywater from the other sources with low nutrient-related pollutant concentrations and loads, accounting for 69.6% of the total wastewater amount, was a considerable alternative water resource. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics indicated that GW and BW had the potential of being reused in relation to water and nutrients, respectively.
The Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide Type 1 (GLP-1) and its Analogues in Adipose Tissue: Is there a way to Thermogenesis?
Authors: Stafeev Iurii , Sorkina Ekaterina , Koksharova Ekaterina , Tumanyan Tatevik , Sklyanik Igor , Menshikov Mikhail , Mayorov Alexandr , Parfyonova Yelena , Shestakova Marina
Published: December 2020

Obesity is a global problem and the most common metabolic disorder leading
to many associated diseases, such as arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease,
type 2 diabetes, certain types of cancer, impaired lipid and uric acid metabolism. The
prevalence of obesity has risen globally in the past four decades in both children and
adults, and it accounts for the rapid increase in the prevalence of diabetes. Currently,
the study of thermogenic tissues, brown and beige adipose tissues, is of extreme value
from the point of view of therapeutic potential for obesity and its associated diseases. An
analogue of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) liraglutide, used in the treatment of type
2 diabetes, has been proven to have a positive effect on weight loss through appetite
suppression. However, this mechanism of weight loss is not the only one involved. This
article discusses the main molecular and cellular mechanisms of adipogenesis, as well
as the effect of GLP-1 and its analogues, in particular liraglutide on this process through
various transcription factors, signaling pathways, and hormones, including brown and
beige adipose tissue. Also, the twincretins have had a positive effect on insulin
resistance and fat beiging activation. The results of numerous studies have helped us to
better understand the peripheral mechanisms of lipid metabolism regulation, and have
demonstrated the effectiveness of GLP-1 analogues for the treatment of diabetes and
obesity.
Deep Brain Stimulation for Stroke: Continuous Stimulation of the Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus has no Impact on Skilled Walking in Rats After Photothrombotic Stroke
Authors: Bohr Arne , Schuhmann Michael K. , Papp Lena , Volkmann Jens , Fluri Felix
Published: December 2020

Background:

Gait impairment after stroke is considered as a loss of cerebral function
but is also the result of dysfunctional cerebral signals travelling to the spinal motor centres. A therapeutic
option to restore disturbed cerebral network activity is deep brain stimulation (DBS).

Methods:

A promising target for neuromodulation might be the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus
(PPTg), which contributes to the initiation and control of gait. To test this hypothesis, we
trained eighteen rats to cross a horizontal ladder and a wooden beam before inflicting a photothrombosis
in the right sensorimotor cortex and implanting a stimulating electrode in the ipsilateral
PPTg.

Results:

Continuous high-frequency DBS (130 Hz; amplitude 55 ± 5 μA) of rats for 10 days yielded
no significant improvement of skilled walking when examined with the ladder rung walking test
and beam walking test compared to sham-stimulation.

Conclusion:

In contrast to DBS of the cuneiform nucleus, PPTg-stimulation improves neither control
of gait nor balance after stroke.
Novel Swellable/Expandable Gastroretentive Floating Films of Gliclazide Folded in Capsule Shell for the Effective Management of Diabetes Mellitus: Formulation Development, Optimization and In Vitro Evaluation
Authors: Sharma Diksha , Sharma Deepak
Published: December 2020

Background:

Gliclazide (GLZ) belongs to the second-generation of sulphonylureas; it is a
drug of choice for the management of type II DM. It belongs to BCS Class II. The major site of drug
absorption for GLZ is the stomach; it displays variation in the drug absorption rate and bioavailability
due to the shorter gastric retention time. The floating mechanism gets affected when the gastric fluid
level is not sufficiently higher, which ultimately obstructs the floating behavior, which is the major
limitation of reported formulations. This limitation can be overcome by folding the film into the capsule
shell dissolved in the gastric fluid and the film swells/expands to dimensions higher than pylorus
sphincter (12mm), thus preventing its evacuation.

Objective:

The study aims to explore the floating mechanism in the design of films along with a tendency
to expand by swelling and unfolding by utilizing a mixture of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer
to achieve the controlled drug delivery and prolonged gastric retention of drug.

Methods:

The gastroretentive floating films were formulated by the solvent casting technique using 32
full factorial designs and subjected to in vitro evaluation parameters, drug-excipient compatibility, Xray
diffraction and accelerated stability study.

Results:

The pre-formulation study established the purity and identification of a drug. FTIR study
confirmed no drug excipient interaction. F3, F6, and F9 were optimized based on in vitro floating
characteristics, swelling/expanding ability, and unfolding time. All developed formulations were unfolded
within 14-22 min after capsule disintegration. The F3 was selected as the final formulation as
its ability to control the release of the drug for 24 hrs followed by zero-order kinetics having super
case 2 transport. XRD confirmed the amorphousness of the drug within the formulation. The stability
study results revealed that the formulation was quite stable at extreme storage conditions.

Conclusion:

The developed novel formulation has good potential for the effective management and
treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Research on High-speed Cutting of Cr12MoV Hardened Steel - A Review
Authors: Sun Fei , Li Guohe , Zhang Qi , Liu Meng
Published: December 2020

:

Cr12MoV hardened steel is widely used in the manufacturing of stamping die because of its high strength,
high hardness, and good wear resistance. As a kind of mainstream cutting technology, high-speed machining has been
applied in the machining of Cr12MoV hardened steel. Based on the review of a large number of literature, the
development of high-speed machining of Cr12MoV hardened steel was summarized, including the research status of the
saw-tooth chip, cutting force, cutting temperature, tool wear, machined surface quality, and parameters optimization. The
problems that exist in the current research were discussed and the directions of future research were pointed out. It can
promote the development of high-speed machining of Cr12MoV hardened steel.
Evidence-Based Practice and its Relationship to Quality Improvement: A Cross-Sectional Study among ‎Egyptian Nurses
Authors: Abou Hashish Ebtsam Aly , Alsayed Sharifah
Published: December 2020

Background:

Implementing Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) and Quality Improvement (QI) were recognized as the core competencies that should be held by all healthcare professionals, especially nurses, as front-line healthcare providers. Assessment of the current level of knowledge, skills, and attitude of nurses, regarding EBP and QI, is important for the design of strategies that could enhance the competence of nurses in such practices and, in turn, promote patient care quality.

Objective:

This study aimed to assess the attitudes, knowledge, and skills of nurses in Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) and Quality Improvement (QI), in addition, to studying the relationship between EBP and QI.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenient sample of nurses (N=300) who work in three Egyptian hospitals in Alexandria city, representing the university, governmental, and private health sectors. The EBP and QI questionnaires were used in addition to a demographic form for the studied nurses. Statistical analysis was carried out using ANOVAs, student t-test, Pearson correlation, and Regression analysis (R2).

Results:

Nurses displayed positive attitudes toward both EBP and QI. However, they perceived themselves to be lacking sufficient EBP knowledge and need to improve their QI skills. There was a strong positive correlation between EBP and QI with a predictive power of QI on EBP (r= 0.485, R2 = 0.273, p<0.001).

Conclusion:

Nurses need educational support for enhancing their attitude, knowledge, and skills related to EBP and QI. To prepare for educational programs, hospitals and nursing administrators should consider the characteristics of nurses, work schedules, and obstacles in the use of EBP. Hospital managers should also implement effective strategies to resolve the barriers and boost facilitators to increase the use of EBP among Egyptian nurses and promote QI.
Enoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase (INHA): A Remarkable Target to Exterminate Tuberculosis
Authors: Jain Surabhi , Sharma Smriti , Sen Dhrubo J. , Pandya Saurabh S.
Published: December 2020

Tuberculosis is an epidemic requiring new molecules with high potency and minimum side
effects for its treatment. In the same respect, this review emphasises on important target enoyl-acyl
carrier protein reductase or INHA crucial in the completion of the FAS II cycle. INHA has retained
its fame since the inception of the drug Isoniazid, as inhibitors have a long residence time hence good
activity. One of the causes of the failure of conventional drugs is resistance towards activating or target
genes. Here, we propose direct inhibitors that do not need prior activation by Kat G. Some of the
categories are Aryl amide, Piperazine, Thiadiazole, Benzamide, etc., that are specifically active
against INHA, along with their structure-activity relationship. Many of them are efficient in micromolar
concentration, whereas Pyrazole carboxamide is active in nanomolar concentration and derivative
of 4-hydroxy pyridones was effective in vivo. Natural products are also in the way to combat tuberculosis.
Furthermore, from available proteins of wild and mutant strains, new leads can be designed successfully
by utilizing information of co-crystallized ligands.
Online Game, Addiction and Learning Achievement of Senior High School Students in Jakarta
Authors: Anggraeni Lina Dewi , Wihardja Hany
Published: December 2020

Online game problems being a global concern because of the risk of having a negative impact in school-age children. Game online addiction is the excessive use of computers or video games due to urges that cause social or emotional problems. This research aims to identify the relationship between online game problems and learning achievement in senior high school students in Jakarta. This research is a quantitative study with a Cross-Sectional approach. The sampling method uses a technique of purposive sampling. The number of respondents in this study was 95 senior high school students at x public school, Central of Jakarta. The result of the bivariate analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between online gaming problems and learning achievement of a high school students in Jakarta (p-value = 0.242). The implication of this research shows that online gaming problems are not the only factor that can affect the learning achievement of high school children. The other factors that are likely to influence children's learning achievement include self-motivation, family social support, and the school social environment. Recommendation for parents to supervise their children in using gadgets and the school can strengthen the rules for using gadgets in schools.
Food Relations of the Carabidea and Coccinellidae
Authors: Forbes Stephen A.
Published: December 2020

Reports on food of beetles in two families in based on dissections of specimens and identification of gut contents.  For Carabidae, 185 specimens representing 38 species and 20 genera were examined.  For Coccinellidae, 20 specimens in 3 genera were examined.  Results are summarized at the genus level, with a general summary for each family also provided.
Le français et l'allemand dans l'éducation religieuse en Russie au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Kislova Ekaterina
Published: December 2020

«Французский и немецкий языки в духовном образовании 18 века»Изучение функционирования европейских языков в русском обществе XVIII в. в настоящее время пользуется вниманием исследователей. Однако во всех этих работах внимание исследователей сосредоточено на функционировании иностранных языков в светском обществе. Специальных работ, посвященных изучению и употреблению французского и немецкого языков в духовной среде, до настоящего времени не было. Некоторую информацию можно почерпнуть из работ по истории церкви, работ по истории духовного образования и описаний духовных учебных заведений, преимущественно изданных в 19 веке, изучения архивных фондов семинарий, однако отдельным предметом исследования языковая компетенция духовных лиц до нынешнего времени не являлась.В то время как французский распространяется как язык повседневного общения светского общества, церковь только в конце 1750-х годов переходит в проповеди с гибридного церковнославянского на русский. Однако языком богословия остается латынь, дворяне же не владеют церковнославянским. Светское общество к концу 18 в. перестало расценивать виртуозное владение латынью как признак учености вообще. Представители церкви, очевидно, понимали необходимость преодоления возникшего разрыва. Приведенные в статье данные свидетельствуют о том, что некоторая часть священно- и церковнослужителей 18 века получала в семинариях достаточно серьезное образование и приобретала хорошие познания в иностранных языках. Конечно, качественное духовное образование не было массовым, однако реальное состояние духовенства в 18 веке все-таки разительно отличается от того образа необразованных и полуграмотных людей, который складывался на протяжении 18-20 веков.
Apprendre la “langue de l’Europe”: le français parmi d’autres langues dans l’éducation en Russie au siècle des Lumières
Authors: Rjéoutski Vladislav
Published: December 2020

«Изучая язык Европы: французский среди других языков в образовании в России 18 века»Во вступлении к тематическому номеру об изучении иностранных языков в России 18 века уточняются цели, которые преследуют авторы публикуемых статей, международный контекст, в который органично вписывается эволюция преподавания и изучения иностранных языков в России, и роль российских властей и организаторов государственного сектора образования в определении форм и содержания изучения иностранных языков. Публикуемые исследования, конечно, привлекут внимание специалистов по истории дидактики иностранных языков, которые до сих пор не располагали практически никакой информацией об изучении языков в России. Но, прежде всего, данные исследования должны позволить специалистам по русской истории и культуре иметь более точное представление о том, какие слои российского общества изучали иностранные языки, каких успехов они достигли на этом поприще, насколько владение теми или иными языками являлось социально обусловленным в России 18 в. и т.д. На основе ряда примеров показано насколько схожи процессы, происходившие в России, с теми, которые происходили, как правило несколько раньше, в Западной и Центральной Европе. При этом существует и целый ряд отличий, которые объясняются специфическими чертами российского общества и недавней историей России. Российские власти, начиная с Петра I, уделяли большое внимание организации изучения иностранных языков в России 18 в. Однако цели этого изучения не были одинаковыми на протяжении всего периода. Менялся и взгляд на роль родного языка в обучении, и власти не остались глухи к этим новым педагогическим веяниям, что определило направление реформ, которые коснулись в немалой степени и изучения иностранных языков, прежде всего в дворянских учебных заведениях.
Gazettes sous influence : le Courrier du Bas-Rhin, la Gazette des Deux-Ponts et les sujets touchant la Russie vers 1770
Authors: Dulac Georges
Published: December 2020

Vers 1770, la campagne anti-russe du gouvernement français tend à dégrader l’image de la Russie, ce qui lèse gravement ses intérêts, notamment quand elle doit emprunter pour financer la guerre avec la Turquie. Aussi le prince Dmitri Alexeevitch Golitsyn, ministre plénipotentiaire à La Haye, se montre-t-il alors très actif sur ce terrain. Sa correspondance avec Pétersbourg témoigne de ses efforts, aux effets inégaux, pour influer sur les informations diffusées par quelques journaux : principalement le Courrier du Bas-Rhin, publié par Jean Manzon à Trèves, sous contrôle prussien, et dans une moindre mesure les deux Gazettes des Deux-Ponts, l’une politique, l’autre littéraire. Le journaliste de Trèves, qui trouve son intérêt à prendre le parti de la Russie, met en œuvre en sa faveur un discours journalistique abondant et parfois très élaboré. Cependant, la ligne du journal subit des fluctuations sensibles, selon l’évolution de la situation et à la suite de diverses interventions, dont celles du roi de Prusse et d’autre part de Stanislas-Auguste, qui pensionne un temps le journaliste. La Gazette des deux Ponts pratique l’information orientée avec plus de finesse, et, comme la gazette littéraire, accorde une large place à la matière russe : mais sur le plan politique, son traitement reste le plus souvent sous influence française et répond rarement aux vœux de D. A. Golitsyn.
La France « progressiste » contre la Russie « despotique » : l’image de la Russie dans les pages du Moniteur universel en 1789-1793
Authors: Vochtchinskaya Natalia
Published: December 2020

This article considers some ideological, political, religious and cultural aspects of the image of Russia in the French newspaper Moniteur universel, mostly in the period between 1789 and 1793. A comparative analysis of the information contained in the ‘Politics’ section of the newspaper gives an idea of the attitudes and opinions of the editors and contributors vis-à-vis Russia and other countries, which were shaped by the pressure of the diverse and rapidly changing circumstances in French political life during the period in question. The author also proposes a classification scale of news related to Russia ranged in accordance with their content, subjects, importance and regularity. The table in the Annex contains a calculation of the references to different states for the years 1790, 1793 and 1796 produced by the author in order to correct the data presented in nineteenth-century Indices.
Les Nouvelles sur la Russie dans les périodiques francophones et la propagande russe au début du règne de Pierre le Grand
Authors: Kopanev (†) Nikolaï
Published: December 2020

Собранный автором материал позволяет оценить необходимость для России пропагандистских публикаций в западноевропейской прессе и понять основные направления приложения усилий литературных агентов, находившихся на службе России в царствование Петра I. Статья рассматривает становление русской пропаганды в первую половину петровской эпохи, включая и годы, предшествующие царствованию этого монарха. Особое внимание уделено двум основным аспектам этой пропаганды: публикации новостей о военных победах русской армии и о культурных преобразованиях в России, в особенности, публикации в России новых книг. Автор показывает также, кто был посредником между западноевропейской прессой и российскими властями. Отдельная часть статьи рассматривает историю публикации (а, точнее, задержки публикации) новостей о победе русской армии над шведами при Полтаве в официальном французском периодическом издании – “Gazette de France”.
Protestantism in Russia During the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries: Introductory Remarks
Authors: Schierle Ingrid
Published: December 2020

В предисловии к номеру приведен обзор истории лютеран и рецепции протестантских учений в

России.
Так с Севера ли к нам приходит свет? (Does the Light Come to Us from the North?)
Authors: Кондаков Денис
Published: December 2020

Рецензия на книгу: Alexandre Stroev, La Russie et la France des Lumières : Monarques et philosophes, écrivains et espions. Paris: Institut d’études slaves (Bibliothèque russe de l’Institut d’études slaves, tome CXXXVI), 2017. 512 p.

Review of: Alexandre Stroev, La Russie et la France des Lumières : Monarques et philosophes, écrivains et espions. Paris: Institut d’études slaves (Bibliothèque russe de l’Institut d’études slaves, tome CXXXVI), 2017. 512 p.
Travniki, Travniki and Travniki: Herbals, Herbalists and Herbaria in Seventeenth-Century and Eighteenth-Century Russia
Authors: Koroloff Rachel
Published: December 2020

This essay provides a sustained investigation of the term travnik, a capacious word that came to mean herbalist, herbal and herbarium over the course of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Though different in physical form, all three were united during this period by the body of knowledge they contained about the botanical world. Taken togetherthey reveal the ways in which knowledge of plants, from folk collecting traditions, to medical botany, to binomial nomenclature, was generated in the productive tension between foreign expertise and local knowledge. The focus here on translation highlights the diverse array of influences that contributed to the early modern Russian conception of the natural world. The travnik as herbal is explored through two centuries of secondary sources, while the travnik as herbalist relies heavily on published primary documents. The third section on the travnik as herbarium focuses on eighteenth century herbaria and the transposition of new scientific methods onto older forms of knowledge making.
Меланхолия приходит в Россию. Монастыри как долгаузы в России в XVIII веке
Authors: Махотина Екатерина
Published: December 2020

Western historiography about the history of madness has pointed out that the emergence and active use of special medical terms led to the development of certain discourses on disease which had been appropriated and used on a subjective level. The discourse on melancholy is such a case. And it may seem surprising that the history of melancholy has remained a West European phenomenon until this day: For Russia, there are no studies on melancholy as illness, sin of acedia or social deviance in the eighteenth century. This article aims to close this gap and systemize melancholics from the point of view of the state, clerical actors and society. With this in mind this article will observe a special socio-cultural phenomenon—the confinement of the so-called “izumlennye,” or “madmen” in monasteries, which were similar to west European institutions that functioned using internment, punishment and discipline. This article will address the following aspects of the melancholy discourse: 1) Madness as a security issue: Internment of the “mad” in severe monastery prisons; 2) Melancholy as illness and self-diagnosis: Melancholy as a reason for the reduction of punishment; 3) Melancholy as external diagnosis in family conflicts and the argument for sending “mentally sick” relatives to the monastery; and, finally, 4) Religious melancholy: those who doubted their own faith and went to repent in a monastery.
América Central (siglos XIX-XXI): porosidad de las fronteras y circulaciones internas
Authors: Duterme Clara , Lacaze Catherine
Published: December 2020

Del ideal unionista hasta las fracturas políticas generadas por los conflictos armados desarrollados en las décadas de 1970 y 1980, de las luchas pasadas para establecer fronteras nacionales hasta las luchas actuales para regular o impedir el paso de los migrantes y refugiados, de los centros de poder económico y político hasta los márgenes donde las instituciones estatales siempre estuvieron ausentes, el espacio centroamericano constituye un territorio contrastado y marcado por las movilidades de personas y de ideas.De l’idéal unioniste aux fractures politiques engendrées par les conflits armés des années 1970 et 1980, des affrontements passés visant à établir des frontières nationales aux affrontements actuels pour contrôler ou empêcher le passage des migrants et des réfugiés, des centres de pouvoir économiques et politiques aux zones marginales où les institutions étatiques ont toujours été absentes, l’espace centraméricain constitue un territoire contrasté et marqué par les mobilités des individus et des idées.
Hostilidad perpetua, transformaciones transitorias: Persona, cuerpo y moralidad entre los tsotsiles de Chamula, Chiapas / Perpetual hostility, transitory transformations: Person, body and morality between the tsotsiles of Chamula, Chiapas
Authors: Montoya David
Published: December 2020

El actual estudio etnográfico da cuenta de que lo chon –un aspecto de la persona, generalmente, asociado a lo animal– está relacionado con un estado de permanente hostilidad, presente en el mundo desde tiempos primordiales. Este aspecto, a la vez que potencia la vulnerabilidad entre los humanos, resalta la fortaleza de otros seres, como Dios y el Pukuj. En la búsqueda de lidiar con esa atmósfera de hostilidad y, de mitigar su propia vulnerabilidad, la humanidad experimenta múltiples transformaciones morales-corporales.Abstract: This ethnographic study shows that the chon –an aspect of the person, generally associated with the animal– is related to an state of permanent hostility, given in the world since primordial times. Although this aspect, while enhancing vulnerability among humans, highlights the strength of other beings such as God and the Pukuj. Therefore, to deal with this atmosphere of hostility and, therefore, to mitigate its own vulnerability, humanity undergoes multiple transformations moral-bodily. Keywords: chon; tsotsiles; humanity; vulnerability; morale.Résumé : Cette étude ethnographique montre que le chon –un aspect de la personne, généralment associé à l’animal– est lié à l’état d’hostilité qui caractérise le monde. Cet aspect, tout en renforçant la vulnérabilité des humains, met en évidence la force d’autres êtres tels que Dieu et les Pukuj. Dans sa quête pour faire face à cette atmosphère d’hostilité et, par conséquent, pour atténuer sa propre vulnérabilité, l’humanité subit de multiples transformations morales-corporelles.Mots-clés: chon ; tsotsiles ; vulnérabilité ; humanité ; moral.
Методы и системы оптико–физические измерений (в условиях априорной неопределенности)
Authors: Кугейко М.М. , Козлов В.Л. , Фираго В.А. , Згировская Н.В.
Published: December 2020

В обзоре представлены разработанные авторами на основе концепции «безаприорности» оптико–электронные методы и системы различного функционального назначения, позволяющие максимально исключить априорную информацию или допущения об исследуемом объекте при интерпретации измерительной информации, а также «бескалибровочные» измерительные системы, устойчивые к изменению аппаратурных констант приемо–излучающих, регистрирующих блоков, окружающей среды, загрязнению оптических элементов.