bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASIS&T 2011 plenary session: Preservation: The final frontier
Authors: Hardin Steve
Published: February 2012

Editor's Summary

Tom Wilson, professor emeritus at the University of Sheffield, explored the perils and challenges of information preservation in a talk at the 2011 Annual Meeting. Wilson described 2011 technology as quaint from a future perspective and retraced the evolution of known document formats from cave painting and papyrus through clay, wood, paper, microfilm, laser discs and today's variety of digital record formats. Not only is the continuing evolution in formats a challenge in itself, but the content of bygone eras may not be comprehensible to those who follow. Decisions about what to preserve come into play, involving judgments at a point in time that may not be the same from a different temporal viewpoint. These issues, together with migration through versions of hardware and software, suggest keeping lots of copies in safe places, leading to impossibly huge amounts of data to store indefinitely. Wilson mused that reverting to paper, following digital librarian Brewster Kahle's lead, might be our best option.
A haystack full of needles: Scholarly access challenges in museum video archives
Authors: Nodler Heather
Published: February 2012

Editor's Summary

Museums are increasingly turning to video as an easy and inexpensive method of documentation and of developing valuable primary resources, but numerous barriers interfere with scholars' use of the materials. While technical difficulties are diminishing and attitudes and traditions are shifting, issues of intellectual property rights and information retrieval remain. Publishing video content online first demands a comprehensive rights assessment and clearing. Even more challenging is dealing with information retrieval in time‐based and visual‐aural resources, which makes finding a specific bit of data in mounds of footage a daunting task. Transcription enables free text search but is costly, time consuming and not entirely effective, delivering only the verbal aspect of original content. Descriptive metadata can be tied to time codes, adding broad or granular indexing to support navigation and retrieval, but the same drawbacks apply. Possible solutions include crowdsourcing, software tools and collaborative initiatives, applying metadata standards yet to be established and adopted.
Advanced imaging tools for museum and library conservation and research
Authors: Schroer Carla
Published: February 2012

Editor's Summary

Museum objects are being presented in a new and informative light through reflectance transformation imaging (RTI). This photographic method provides detailed images of an object's shape, color attributes and surface texture along with illumination from different angles, showing details that are often unavailable with the naked eye. Beyond revealing brushstroke details and surface impressions, the RTI technique can be used under a microscope and enhanced with infrared or ultraviolet light, broadening its utility for museum professionals, archaeologists and historians. Associated software records the series of images as a digital lab notebook. RTI is part of the emerging field of computational photography, extracting data from a sequence of digital photographs and synthesizing a new representation holding previously unrecognized information, while protecting the original resource. The digital representations of fine art and natural science museum objects afforded by this new technology facilitate cooperation among museum professionals across disciplines and around the world.
OpenART: Open metadata for art research at the tate
Authors: Allinson Julie
Published: February 2012

Editor's Summary

The short‐term OpenART project was geared to exposing linked open data for the research dataset, “The London Artworld 1660‐1735,” of the Tate Britain art gallery, enabling viewers to learn about activities in the art world of the times. Work for the project required decisions and choices about using open data, starting with considering use cases and identifying entities and relationships. The dataset was modeled and expressed in the Resource Description Framework, using an event – art sales – as the central component of the model. An OpenART ontology was developed to provide domain‐specific descriptors and integrated with existing ontologies to provide semantic interoperability. The resulting event‐based ontology supported reciprocal statements about entities revolving around an event, as well as references back to other types of information for greater detail. Data was transformed from spreadsheets to RDF documents, served to a data repository and provided with persistent URLs. The OpenART project demonstrated practical approaches to exposing linked open data while enabling sharing and creative reuse of the research data.
Teens, virtual environments and information literacy
Authors: Beheshti Jamshid
Published: February 2012

Editor's Summary

As digital natives, the vast majority of teens are used to cellphones, text messaging, social networking sites and other forms of electronic communications and technologies. Though rooted in the digital world for many of their daily activities, teens lack basic information literacy skills for academic tasks and other demands. Specific instruction through the educational system may not be feasible, but it may be possible to build teens' information competence through interactive virtual learning environments. Game‐style virtual environments are highly motivating and engaging, providing opportunities for repeated practice and reward for persistence and achieving goals. A virtual reality library, VRLibrary, was constructed, collaboratively designed by young teens and adults, based on the metaphor of a physical library. Teens could wander the virtual space and browse links to age‐appropriate websites presented as virtual books. VRLibrary was very positively received and succeeded at engaging teen users. A librarian avatar could be incorporated to provide help as needed with a user's information seeking.
Comparison of the predictive value of EuroSCORE, SYNTAX score, and clinical SYNTAX score for outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for unprotected left main coronary artery disease
Authors: Jou Yu‐Lan , Lu Tse‐Min , Chen Ying‐Hwa , Sung Shih‐Hsien , Wang Kang‐Ling , Huang Shao‐Sung , Lin Wan‐Ting , Chan Wan‐Leong , Lin Shing‐Jong
Published: February 2012

Objectives: We aimed to assess the prognostic values of the EuroSCORE, SYNTAX score, and the novel Clinical SYNTAX score (CSS) for 30‐day and 1‐year outcomes in patients undergoing left main (LM) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background: PCI has become an alternative treatment for LM coronary artery disease, and risk scoring system might be beneficial for pre‐PCI risk stratification. Methods and Results: We enrolled 198 consecutive patients with unprotected LM disease undergoing PCI (mean age 71.5 ± 10.7 years). The CSS was calculated by multiplying the SYNTAX Score to (age/left ventricular ejection fraction +1 for each 10 mL the estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2). The endpoints were 30‐day, and 1‐year all‐cause death and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), which were defined as all‐cause death, nonfatal MI, and clinical‐driven target vessel revascularization. Comparing with the SYNTAX score, the predictive accuracy of CSS for 30‐day and 1‐year all‐cause death and MACE were significantly higher (c‐statistics, CSS versus SYNTAX score: P < 0.01 for 30‐day and 1‐year all‐cause death; P < 0.05 for 30‐day and 1‐year MACE, respectively). Furthermore, in the multivariate Cox regression analysis, both EuroSCORE and CSS were identified as the independent predictors of 30‐day and 1‐year all‐cause death and MACE, but the SYNTAX score was not. Conclusions: In the general practice among a high‐risk population undergoing LM PCI, EuroSCORE and CSS might be independent predictors for 30‐day and 1‐year all‐cause death and MACE. Furthermore, the CSS had a superior discriminatory ability in predicting the 30‐day and 1‐year clinical outcomes comparing with the SYNTAX score. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A randomized study comparing the effectiveness of right and left radial approach for coronary angiography
Authors: Norgaz Tugrul , Gorgulu Sevket , Dagdelen Sinan
Published: February 2012

Objectives

Our aim was to compare the effectiveness between right radial approach (RRA) and left radial approach (LRA) by means of a randomized study in a large unselected patient population undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography.

Methods

Totally, 1,000 patients were randomized to undergo to RRA (n = 500) or LRA (n = 500). Procedure success was defined as coronary angiography completed with the initial radial artery approach without changing to another route. Performance of the procedure: Total procedural duration, the number of catheters and guidewires used were recorded. Safety of the procedure: The parameters collected for radiation exposure were dose area product (DAP) and fluoroscopy time.

Results

The percentage of success was not different between the two aproaches (LRA, 94.0%; RRA,93.8%; P = 0.96). The crossover rate to femoral was low, accounting for 38 cases (3.8%), without differences between RRA and LRA (20 and 18 cases, respectively, P > 0.05). An almost triple incidence of operator‐reported subclavian tortuosity in the RRA compared with LRA was observed (44 cases vs. 15 cases, P < 0.001). With respect to the total procedural duration there was no difference between those two aproaches (LRA, 8.54 ± 4.09 min vs. RRA, 8.63 ± 5.20; P = 0.772). However, the fluoroscopy time was significantly shorter via the LRA compared with RRA (2.76 ± 2.00 min vs. 3.08 ± 2.62 min; P = 0.029).

Conclusions

LRA for coronary angiography is associated with the same success rate and procedural duration time compared with RRA. However, the fluoroscopy time is significantly shorter in favor of LRA. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Spectroscopic Analysis of Antiaromatic Benzofused Metalloporphyrins
Authors: Sugawara Shun , Hirata Yusuke , Kojima Satoshi , Yamamoto Yohsuke , Miyazaki Eigo , Takimiya Kazuo , Matsukawa Shiro , Hashizume Daisuke , Mack John , Kobayashi Nagao , Fu Zhen , Kadish Karl M. , Sung Young Mo , Kim Kil Suk , Kim Dongho
Published: February 2012

A two‐electron oxidation of the CuII (9) and ZnII (12) complexes of tetraphenyltetrabenzoporphyrin (TPTBP) results in the formation of stable antiaromatic [(TPTBP)CuII(H2O)]2+⋅2 [SbF6]− (10) and [(TPTBP)ZnII(H2O)2]2+⋅2 [SbF6]− (13) with 16π electrons on the inner ligand perimeter. X‐ray structures of the parent TPTBP complexes, the dications, and singly oxidized species [(TPTBP)CuII]⋅+[SbF6]− (11) reveal that the use of TPTBP rather than a porphyrin ligand reduces the degree of nonplanarity in the 16π‐electron species relative to the parent 18π complex. Significant high‐field shifts of the 1H NMR signals of the outer ring protons and large positive values in calculations of nucleus‐independent chemical shifts on the central cavity of the porphyrin ring provide unambiguous evidence for the antiaromatic character of the 16π ZnII species. A combination of magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopic studies and TD‐DFT calculations on both the ZnII and CuII species demonstrates that the main electronic bands of the dicationic species can be readily assigned by using Michl’s 4N perimeter model. Femtosecond transient absorption studies clearly demonstrated that the number of π electrons on the inner ligand perimeter and the configuration of the central metal ion play a critical role in the excited‐state relaxation dynamics. Redox potentials for conversion between the 16π, 17π, and 18π systems were measured by cyclic voltammetry in dichloromethane and benzonitrile, and UV/Vis spectra of each oxidation/reduction product were monitored by thin‐layer spectroelectrochemistry.
Photoprotection and the Photophysics of Acylated Anthocyanins
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Palmira , Paulo Luísa , Barbafina Arianna , Elisei Fausto , Quina Frank H. , Maçanita António L.
Published: February 2012

The proposed role of anthocyanins in protecting plants against excess solar radiation is consistent with the occurrence of ultrafast (5–25 ps) excited‐state proton transfer as the major de‐excitation pathway of these molecules. However, because natural anthocyanins absorb mainly in the visible region of the spectra, with only a narrow absorption band in the UV‐B region, this highly efficient deactivation mechanism would essentially only protect the plant from visible light. On the other hand, ground‐state charge‐transfer complexes of anthocyanins with naturally occurring electron‐donor co‐pigments, such as hydroxylated flavones, flavonoids, and hydroxycinnamic or benzoic acids, do exhibit high UV‐B absorptivities that complement that of the anthocyanins. In this work, we report a comparative study of the photophysics of the naturally occurring anthocyanin cyanin, intermolecular cyanin–coumaric acid complexes, and an acylated anthocyanin, that is, cyanin with a pendant coumaric ester co‐pigment. Both inter‐ and intramolecular anthocyanin–co‐pigment complexes are shown to have ultrafast energy dissipation pathways comparable to those of model flavylium cation–co‐pigment complexes. However, from the standpoint of photoprotection, the results indicate that the covalent attachment of co‐pigment molecules to the anthocyanin represents a much more efficient strategy by providing the plant with significant UV‐B absorption capacity and at the same time coupling this absorption to efficient energy dissipation pathways (ultrafast internal conversion of the complexed form and fast energy transfer from the excited co‐pigment to the anthocyanin followed by adiabatic proton transfer) that avoid net photochemical damage.
A New Class of Organosuperbases, N‐Alkyl‐ and N‐Aryl‐1,3‐dialkyl‐4,5‐dimethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene Amines: Synthesis, Structure, pKBH+ Measurements, and Properties
Authors: Kunetskiy Roman A. , Polyakova Svetlana M. , Vavřík Jiří , Císařová Ivana , Saame Jaan , Nerut Eva Roos , Koppel Ivar , Koppel Ilmar A. , Kütt Agnes , Leito Ivo , Lyapkalo Ilya M.
Published: February 2012

A series of stable organosuperbases, N‐alkyl‐ and N‐aryl‐1,3‐dialkyl‐4,5‐dimethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene amines, were efficiently synthesized from N,N′‐dialkylthioureas and 3‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone and their basicities were measured in acetonitrile. The derivatives with tert‐alkyl groups on the imino nitrogen were found to be more basic than the tBuP1(pyrr) phosphazene base in acetonitrile. The origin of the high basicity of these compounds is discussed. In acetonitrile and in the gas phase, the basicity of the alkylimino derivatives depends on the size of the substituent at the imino group, which influences the degree of aromatization of the imidazole ring, as measured by 13C NMR chemical shifts or by the calculated ΔNICS(1) aromaticity parameters, as well as on solvation effects. If a wider range of imino‐substituents, including electron‐acceptor substituents, is treated in the analysis then the influence of aromatization is less predominant and the gas‐phase basicity becomes more dependent on the field‐inductive effect, polarizability, and resonance effects of the substituent.
Stereoselective Access to Fluorinated and Non‐fluorinated Quaternary Piperidines: Synthesis of Pipecolic Acid and Iminosugar Derivatives
Authors: Fustero Santos , Albert Laia , Mateu Natalia , Chiva Gema , Miró Javier , González Javier , Aceña José Luis
Published: February 2012

The preparation of optically pure quaternary piperidines, both fluorinated and non‐fluorinated, has been achieved from a chiral imino lactone derived from (R)‐phenylglycinol. In the case of the fluorinated derivatives, the addition of (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCF3) followed by iodoamination and migration of the CF3 group allowed access to four derivatives of α‐(trifluoromethyl)pipecolic acid. A theoretical study of the CF3‐group rearrangement has been carried out to help establish the reaction mechanism of this uncommon transformation. Moreover, a route to trifluoromethyl‐substituted iminosugars was also developed through the diastereoselective dihydroxylation of suitable synthetic intermediates. Conversely, alkylation of the starting substrate and subsequent cross‐metathesis and aza‐Michael reactions led to α‐alkyl derivatives of the target compounds.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Iridium Photosensitizers for Catalytic Hydrogen Generation from Water
Authors: Gärtner Felix , Denurra Stefania , Losse Sebastian , Neubauer Antje , Boddien Albert , Gopinathan Anilkumar , Spannenberg Anke , Junge Henrik , Lochbrunner Stefan , Blug Matthias , Hoch Sascha , Busse Jens , Gladiali Serafino , Beller Matthias
Published: February 2012

Novel phenylazole ligands were applied successfully in the synthesis of cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes of the general formula [Ir(phenylazole)2(bpy)]PF6 (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine). All complexes were fully characterized by NMR, IR, and MS spectroscopic studies as well as by cyclic voltammetry. Three crystal structures obtained by X‐ray analysis complemented the spectroscopic investigations. The excited‐state lifetimes of the iridium complexes were determined and showed to be in the range of several hundred ns to multiple µs. All obtained iridium complexes were active as photosensitizers in catalytic hydrogen evolution from water in the presence of triethylamine as a sacrificial reducing agent. Applying an in situ formed iron‐based water reduction catalyst derived from [HNEt3]+[HFe3(CO)11]− and tris[3,5‐tris‐(trifluoromethyl)‐phenyl]phosphine as the ligand, [Ir(2‐phenylbenz‐oxazole)2‐(bpy)]PF6 proved to be the most efficient complex giving a quantum yield of 16 % at 440 nm light irradiation.
Effect of baffles on fluid flow field in stirred tank with floating particles by using PIV
Authors: Atibeni Rajab , Gao Zhengming , Bao Yuyun
Published: February 2012

PIV technique was applied to elucidate the effect of baffles at different shaft positions and different impeller off‐bottom clearances on the flow field in a stirred tank with floating particles. The investigation was carried out in a cylindrical tank with a flat base, and five different baffle configurations: standard baffles, narrow baffles with a width of 15 mm, narrow baffles with a width of 10 mm, down triangular baffles and up triangular baffles. The measurements show that down triangular baffles offers several advantages over standard baffles at C = T/3: high axial and radial velocities, relatively Low critical agitation speed and power consumption for just drawdown of 1.0 vol.% floating particles. While at C = T/2 this superiority disappears and the fluid flow field is similar to that for standard baffles. The other baffles are similar in performance except for a small difference in the critical agitation speed. An off‐centred shaft helps reduce the critical just drawdown speed and the corresponding power consumption for baffle configurations considered. With down triangular baffles, the critical power consumption to draw down the floating particles for the most eccentric shaft is about 42% of that for a centred shaft. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Characterisation of biocatalysts immobilised in niobium—a new inorganic solid support
Authors: Aguiar‐Oliveira E. , Fernandes P. , Cabral J. M. S. , Maugeri F.
Published: February 2012

A new support for enzyme immobilisation, an alloy of niobium ore and graphite, was tested with: invertase from baker's yeast and inulinase from Aspergillus niger. The efficiency of immobilisation was about 30% for invertase and 72% for inulinase. The maximum activities values were observed for both enzymes at: pH 4.5, 50°C and 500 g/L of sucrose. The hydrolysis of inulin (5% w/v) by the free inulinase and invertase presented specific productivity of reducing sugars lower after immobilisation, about 15 and 1.5 times, respectively; with the hydrolysis of sucrose (50% w/v) the reductions observed were of 14 and 3.5 times, respectively. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Bounded influence nonlinear signed‐rank regression
Authors: Bindele Huybrechts F. , Abebe Asheber
Published: February 2012

In this paper we consider weighted generalized‐signed‐rank estimators of nonlinear regression coefficients. The generalization allows us to include popular estimators such as the least squares and least absolute deviations estimators but by itself does not give bounded influence estimators. Adding weights results in estimators with bounded influence function. We establish conditions needed for the consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator and discuss how weight functions can be chosen to achieve bounded influence function of the estimator. Real life examples and Monte Carlo simulation experiments demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of the proposed estimator. An example shows that the weighted signed‐rank estimator can be useful to detect outliers in nonlinear regression.The Canadian Journal of Statistics40: 172–189; 2012 © 2012 Statistical Society of Canada
Constrained penalized splines
Authors: Meyer Mary C.
Published: February 2012

The penalized spline is a popular method for function estimation when the assumption of “smoothness” is valid. In this paper, methods for estimation and inference are proposed using penalized splines under additional constraints of shape, such as monotonicity or convexity. The constrained penalized spline estimator is shown to have the same convergence rates as the corresponding unconstrained penalized spline, although in practice the squared error loss is typically smaller for the constrained versions. The penalty parameter may be chosen with generalized cross‐validation, which also provides a method for determining if the shape restrictions hold. The method is not a formal hypothesis test, but is shown to have nice large‐sample properties, and simulations show that it compares well with existing tests for monotonicity. Extensions to the partial linear model, the generalized regression model, and the varying coefficient model are given, and examples demonstrate the utility of the methods.The Canadian Journal of Statistics40: 190–206; 2012 © 2012 Statistical Society of Canada
Duration analysis in longitudinal studies with intermittent observation times and losses to followup
Authors: Hajducek D. M. , Lawless J. F.
Published: February 2012

We consider the analysis of spell durations observed in event history studies where members of the study panel are seen intermittently. Challenges for analysis arise because losses to followup are frequently related to previous event history, and spells typically overlap more than one observation period. We provide methods of estimation based on inverse probability of censoring weighting for parametric and semiparametric Cox regression models. Selection of panel members through a complex survey design is also addressed, and the methods are illustrated in an analysis of jobless spell durations based on data from the Statistics Canada Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 40: 1–21; 2012 © 2012 Statistical Society of Canada
Constrained nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation of stochastically ordered survivor functions
Authors: Park Yongseok , Kalbfleisch John D. , Taylor Jeremy M. G.
Published: February 2012

This paper considers estimators of survivor functions subject to a stochastic ordering constraint based on right censored data. We present the constrained nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator (C‐NPMLE) of the survivor functions in one‐and two‐sample settings where the survivor distributions could be discrete or continuous and discuss the non‐uniqueness of the estimators. We also present a computationally efficient algorithm to obtain the C‐NPMLE. To address the possibility of non‐uniqueness of the C‐NPMLE of $S_1(t)$ when $S_1(t)\le S_2(t)$, we consider the maximum C‐NPMLE (MC‐NPMLE) of $S_1(t)$. In the one‐sample case with arbitrary upper bound survivor function $S_2(t)$, we present a novel and efficient algorithm for finding the MC‐NPMLE of $S_1(t)$. Dykstra (1982) also considered constrained nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation for such problems, however, as we show, Dykstra's method has an error and does not always give the C‐NPMLE. We corrected this error and simulation shows improvement in efficiency compared to Dykstra's estimator. Confidence intervals based on bootstrap methods are proposed and consistency of the estimators is proved. Data from a study on larynx cancer are analysed to illustrate the method. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 40: 22–39; 2012 © 2012 Statistical Society of Canada
Do Gender Differences in Depression Remain after Controlling for Early Maladaptive Schemas? An Examination in a Sample of Opioid Dependent Treatment Seeking Adults
Authors: Shorey Ryan C. , Stuart Gregory L. , Anderson Scott
Published: February 2012

The abuse of opioids is a serious and prevalent problem and research is needed on factors that may place individuals at risk for misusing opioids. Depression is a common co‐morbid mental health problem among opioid users. Theory and research suggest that early maladaptive schemas may underlie mental health problems including depression and substance abuse. The current study sought to determine whether early maladaptive schemas were associated with depression among a treatment seeking sample of male and female opioid users (n = 194). We also examined whether depression, as assessed by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Second Edition, varied by gender and whether gender differences in depression remained after controlling for early maladaptive schemas. Results showed that women scored significantly higher than men on three of the five early maladaptive schema domains and that gender did not predict depression after controlling for schema domains. Early maladaptive schemas were also more strongly associated with depression for men than women. Implications of these findings for interventions and future research are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practicioner Message

Individuals with opioid dependence have a number of early maladaptive schemas that may be contributing to the onset and maintenance of substance use.

Although there are generally broad gender differences in major depression, findings from the current study suggest that early maladaptive schemas are a better predictor of depressive symptoms than gender among opioid dependent adults.

The treatment of opioid dependence, with or without co‐morbid depressive symptoms, should target early maladaptive schemas.
Do allopatric maleCalopteryx virgodamselflies learn species recognition?
Authors: Kuitunen Katja , Haukilehto Elina , Raatikainen Kaisa J. , Hakkarainen Hanne , Miettinen Minna , Högmander Harri , Kotiaho Janne S.
Published: February 2012

There is a growing amount of empirical evidence that premating reproductive isolation of two closely related species can be reinforced by natural selection arising from avoidance of maladaptive hybridization. However, as an alternative for this popular reinforcement theory, it has been suggested that learning to prefer conspecifics or to discriminate heterospecifics could cause a similar pattern of reinforced premating isolation, but this possibility is much less studied. Here, we report results of a field experiment in which we examined (i) whether allopatricCalopteryx virgodamselfly males that have not encountered heterospecific females of the congenerC. splendensinitially show discrimination, and (ii) whetherC. virgomales learn to discriminate heterospecifics or learn to associate with conspecifics during repeated experimental presentation of females. Our experiment revealed that there was a statistically nonsignificant tendency forC. virgomales to show initial discrimination against heterospecific females but because we did not use sexually naïve individuals in our experiment, we were not able to separate the effect of innate or associative learning. More importantly, however, our study revealed that species discrimination might be further strengthened by learning, especially so thatC. virgomales increase their association with conspecific females during repeated presentation trials. The role of learning to discriminateC. splendensfemales was less clear. We conclude that learning might play a role in species recognition also when individuals are not naïve but have already encountered potential conspecific mates.
Preparation of Diamine‐β‐diketiminato Copper(II) Complexes and Their Application in the Reverse Atom‐Transfer Radical Polymerization of Styrene
Authors: Champouret Yohan , Gulli Stefano , Daran Jean‐Claude , Poli Rinaldo
Published: February 2012

Compound Et2NCH2CH2N=C(Me)CH=C(Me)NHCH2CH2NEt2 (HL), after conversion to the Li+ salt with use of MeLi, reacts with CuCl2 in toluene to yield CuClL (1). The compound adopts a four‐coordinate CuClN3 environment with a pendant amino arm. The same reaction with CuCl and[Cu(MeCN)4]BF4 leads to disproportionation with deposition of metallic copper. Crystals of compounds [CuL][CuCl2] (2) and [CuL]BF4 (3) were isolated in minor amounts from these reactions. The [CuL]+ ion in these compounds has a four‐coordinate CuN4 environment. Compound 2 was also obtained in good yields from the reaction between equivalent amounts of 1 and CuCl. Compound 1 was used to control the radical polymerization of styrene under ARGET ATRP conditions in the presence of glucose as reducing agent and bromoethylbenzene as initiator. The polymerization behavior indicates that the controlling ability of this system is negatively affected by its slow trapping rate and by the disproportionation of the CuL catalyst.
Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies on the Reactions of the Reduced Vitamin B12 Complex Cob(I)alamin with Nitrite and Nitrate (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 6/2012)
Authors: Plymale Noah T. , Dassanayake Rohan S. , Hassanin Hanaa A. , Brasch Nicola E.
Published: February 2012

The cover picture shows that nitrate and especially nitrite rapidly oxidize cob(I)alamin to cob(II)alamin. Enzyme‐bound cob(I)alamin is a short‐lived species whose formation is essential for the activity of both mammalian vitamin B12 dependent enzymes. Nitrite and nitrate, intracellular levels of which are elevated during oxidative/nitrosative stress as a consequence of elevated nitric oxide levels, are generally considered to be benign species. Details are discussed in the article by N. E. Brasch et al. on p. 913 ff. The cover picture was designed by Rohan S. Dassanayake.

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A critical body residue approach for predicting persistent bioaccumulative toxicant effects on reproduction and population dynamics of meiobenthic copepods
Authors: Chandler G. Thomas , Ferguson P. Lee , Klauber W.W. , Washburn K.M.
Published: February 2012

Critical body residues (CBRs) are the measured tissue toxicant concentrations yielding a median dose–response on a dry-weight or lipid-normalized basis. They facilitate management decisions for species protection using tissue analysis. Population CBR is the mean dose yielding 50% population suppression and was predicted here in Amphiascus tenuiremis for fipronil sulfide (FS) using lifetables and the Leslie matrix. Microplate bioassays (ASTM E-2317-14) produced biomass sufficient for dry mass and lipid-normalized CBR estimates of reproduction (fertility) and population growth suppression. Significant FS toxic effects were delayed naupliar development (at ≥0.10 µg L−1), delayed copepodite development (at 0.85 µg L−1), decreased reproductive success (at ≥ 0.39 µg L−1), and decreased offspring production (at 0.85 µg L−1). A reproductive median effective concentration (EC50) of 0.16 µg L−1 (95% CI: 0.12–0.21 µg L−1) corresponded to an adult all-sex CBR and lipid-normalized CBR of 0.38 pg FS · µg−1 dry weight (95% CI: 0.27–0.52 pg FS · µg−1) or 2.8 pg FS · µg−1 lipid (95% CI: 2.2–3.6 pg FS · µg−1), respectively. Copepod log bioconcentration factor (BCF) = 4.11 ± 0.2. Leslie matrix projections regressed against internal dose predicted fewer than five gravid females in a population by the third generation at 0.39 and 0.85 µg FS · L−1 (i.e., 9.6–10.2 µg FS · µg−1 lipid), and 50% population suppression at a CBR of 1.6 pg FS · µg−1 lipid. This more integrative population CBR as a management tool would fall 1.75 times below the CBR for the single most sensitive endpoint—fertility rate. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1076–1082. © 2012 SETAC
Assessment of aquatic wastewater pollution in a highly industrialized zone with sediment linear alkylbenzenes
Authors: Zhang Kai , Wang Ji-Zhong , Liang Bo , Shen Ru-Lang , Zeng Eddy Y.
Published: February 2012

Forty-five sediment samples collected from Dongjiang River, which drains one of the most industrialized and urbanized regions in South China, were analyzed for 19 linear alkylbenzene (LAB) components. The sample dry weight–based concentrations of total LABs (ΣLAB) ranged from 1.5 to 410 ng/g. Comparison of the relative abundances of n-dodecylbenzenes (or C12-LABs) and internal to external ratio (I/E) values in riverine sediment, wastewater, and sediment samples from the outfalls of paper mills, as well as three brands of domestic detergents obtained from the present and previous studies, implicated the occurrence of untreated wastewater in the sampling sites. Levels of ΣLAB were significantly linear correlated with those of total organic carbon (TOC) but not with those of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Multiple linear regression integrated principal component analysis indicated that 56% of LABs in wastewater in the study area were treated, but the extent of degradation of LABs was low. Finally, it is proposed that ineffective law enforcement and loopholes in the current regulations for wastewater discharge account for the substantial amount (44%) of untreated wastewater discharged in the study region. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:724–730. © 2012 SETAC
Reservoir rainfall–runoff geomorphological model. I: application and parameter analysis
Authors: Goñi M. , López J. J. , Gimena F. N.
Published: February 2012

This article describes and formulates a model designed to simulate runoff in wet weather events, called reservoir rainfall–runoff geomorphological model (R3GeM). In these wetlands, soil saturation is the main mechanism for the generation of surface runoff. To determine the saturated areas, the model applies a relationship based on the topographic index, between watershed storage and saturated surface. Precipitation is separated into surface runoff by saturation, subsurface runoff and losses; then, the flow of surface and subsurface runoff is performed. This hydrological model has five parameters and has been implemented in 37 events in Aixola watershed and 15 in Oiartzun watershed, both located on the Cantabrian coast of Spain. We analysed the influence of these five parameters in their behaviour, and we have proven, noting the efficiency gains, that the proposed model is valid to simulate the rainfall–runoff process. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of climate change on sea level rise at Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah–Sarawak
Authors: Ercan Ali , Bin Mohamad Mohd Fauzi , Kavvas M. Levent
Published: February 2012

The sea level change along the Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah–Sarawak coastlines for the 21st century is investigated along the coastal areas of Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah–Sarawak because of the expected climate change during the 21st century. The spatial variation of the sea level change is estimated by assimilating the global mean sea level projections from the Atmosphere–Ocean coupled Global Climate Model/General Circulation Model (AOGCM) simulations to the satellite altimeter observations along the subject coastlines. Using the assimilated AOGCM projections, the sea level around the Peninsular Malaysia coastline is projected to rise with a mean in the range of 0.066 to 0.141 m in 2040 and 0.253 m to 0.517 m in 2100. Using the assimilated AOGCM projections, the sea level around Sabah–Sarawak coastlines is projected to rise with a mean in the range of 0.115 m to 0.291 m in 2040 and 0.432 m to 1.064 m in 2100. The highest sea level rise occurs at the northeast and northwest regions in Peninsular Malaysia and at north and east sectors of Sabah in Sabah–Sarawak coastline. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A storm event watershed model for surface runoff based on 2D fully dynamic wave equations
Authors: Costabile Pierfranco , Costanzo Carmelina , Macchione Francesco
Published: February 2012

The main purpose of this work concerns the development and testing of an overland flow model based on the two‐dimensional fully dynamic shallow water equations. Three key aspects, fundamental to get accurate, efficient and robust computation of surface runoff at basin scale, are discussed by transferring the main findings obtained by the recent research on the topic of dam‐break wave and flood propagation in the context of rainfall–runoff modelling. In particular, attention is focused on the numerical flux and bottom slope source terms computation, on a numerical treatment of friction slope terms and on an algorithm for dealing with wetting/drying fronts. The performances of the numerical model have been preliminarily evaluated using experimental or ideal tests characterized by very critical conditions for the stability of a numerical model. Then, attention was focused on a real event occurred in a sub‐basin of Reno river in Italy to analyse the suitability of the model in simulating real flood situations. The numerical results highlight the good performances of the model in all the simulations discussed in the paper. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of overlying water velocity on ammonium uptake by benthic biofilms
Authors: Arnon Shai , Yanuka Keren , Nejidat Ali
Published: February 2012

The effect of the overlying water velocity on ammonium (NH4+) uptake by benthic biofilms was studied in a recirculating laboratory flume (260 cm long, 29 cm wide), packed with 5 cm of silica sand arranged into bedforms. NH4+ uptake was determined as the reduction in NH4+ concentration in the water at average overlying water velocities of 0.8, 2, 4 and 8 cm s−1. NH4+ uptake was relatively constant under laminar flow conditions but increased when the flow regime became turbulent (>4 cm s−1). This pattern was observed for two biofilms differing in their total biomass and in the abundance of the ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria, thus indicating that NH4+ uptake was strongly controlled by mass‐transfer processes. The near stoichiometric relationship between the rates of NH4+ uptake and nitrate (NO3−) accumulation suggests that aerobic nitrification was the main route for NH4+ uptake. Microelectrode measurements showed a sharp decline of oxygen concentrations and pH values within the biofilms, thus supporting strong nitrification activity within the surficial section of the benthic biofilms. The results of this study highlight the key role of hydrodynamic conditions in regulating NH4+ uptake in the transition from laminar to turbulent flow conditions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dendrohydroclimate reconstructions of July–August runoff for two nival‐regime rivers in west central British Columbia
Authors: Starheim Colette C. A. , Smith Dan J. , Prowse Terry D.
Published: February 2012

Lengthy records of river discharge are necessary to comprehensively assess the long‐term connection between synoptic climate forcings and nival‐regime systems in British Columbia. A regional multispecies network of tree‐ring width and ring density chronologies was built for west central British Columbia with the intention of dendrohydrologically extending short runoff records in this area. Extended records of July–August mean discharge anomalies for the Skeena and Atnarko Rivers were reconstructed back to ad 1660. Low flow events represented during the late 1600s, early 1700s and late 1800s lie beyond those experienced during the recent instrumental period for these basins. The documentation of extreme events of this magnitude necessitates consideration when planning for future water resources in this region.

Supplementary dendroclimatic reconstructions of the winter Pacific North American (PNA) pressure anomaly pattern and records of mean summer temperature and end‐of‐winter snow water equivalent were also constructed. These ancillary climate records provide insight into the long‐term climate drivers of annual discharge dynamics within these nival basins. Correlation and wavelet analyses confirm the persistent relationship of synoptic climate regimes described by the Southern Oscillation Index, NINO 3.4, Pacific Decadal Oscillation and PNA indices on runoff in west central British Columbia. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regional thinning of cerebral cortical thickness in first‐episode and chronic schizophrenia
Authors: Kim June Sic , Chung Chun Kee , Jo Hang Joon , Lee Jong Min , Kown Jun Soo
Published: February 2012

First‐episode schizophrenia and chronic schizophrenia have different patterns of cortical gray matter loss, due to differences in the period of illness. Differences in the reduction of cortical thickness between first‐episode and chronic schizophrenia has not yet been addressed using a technique of measuring cortical thickness. The goal of this study is to identify differences in cerebral cortical thickness between first‐episode schizophrenic patients and matched normal controls as well as between chronic schizophrenic patients and matched normal controls. Thirty‐five chronic and 24 first‐episode schizophrenic patients were compared with each age‐ and sex‐matched control group, respectively. To measure cortical thickness, we utilized an inner and outer cortical surface reconstruction algorithm. Cortical thickness was directly measured as the distance between the two surfaces. Statistical analysis was performed with diffusion smoothing along cortical manifolds, and surface normalization on a sphere model. There were no significant changes in global mean thickness and cerebral gray matter volume in both first‐episode and chronic schizophrenia patients. However, we observed regional thinning of cortical thickness, most significantly in the superior temporal gyrus of first‐episode schizophrenic patients. In chronic schizophrenia, larger regions including the prefrontal cortex (PF) were significantly thinned compared to the first‐episode group. This suggests that the duration of illness affects cortical thinning in the PF, as well as the extent of cortical thinning. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 22, 73–80, 2012
Enhancement of osteogenesis by poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) sponges loaded with surface‐embedded hydroxyapatite particles and rhBMP‐2
Authors: Li Dan , Ye Chen , Zhu Yang , Gou Zhongru , Gao Changyou
Published: February 2012

The bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were seeded on [poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) scaffolds with hydroxyapatite (HA) coating, and “s” stands for surface] (PLGA/HA‐S), PLGA/HA‐M (containing the same HA amount in the matrix as that of the PLGA/HA‐S and “m” stands for matrix), and PLGA scaffolds, which were then cultured in a medium‐containing Escherichia coli‐derived recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (ErhBMP‐2). In vitro culture of rat BMSCs found no different cell morphology in all the scaffolds, but the alkaline phosphatase activity and osteogenic gene expression of type I collagen (COL I) and osteocalcin (OCN) in the PLGA/HA‐S scaffolds were always highest and were significantly improved in comparison with those in the PLGA scaffolds. In a rat calvarial defect model, new bone formation was enhanced in the PLGA/HA‐S/ErhBMP‐2 implants at 4 and 8 weeks after implantation too. Therefore, the PLGA/HA‐S scaffold can better enhance the ErhBMP‐2‐induced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro and osteogenesis in vivo. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Multi‐color palette of fluorescent proteins for imaging the tumor microenvironment of orthotopic tumorgraft mouse models of clinical pancreatic cancer specimens
Authors: Suetsugu Atsushi , Katz Matthew , Fleming Jason , Truty Mark , Thomas Ryan , Moriwaki Hisataka , Bouvet Michael , Saji Shigetoyo , Hoffman Robert M.
Published: February 2012

Pancreatic‐cancer‐patient tumor specimens were initially established subcutaneously in NOD/SCID mice immediately after surgery. The patient tumors were then harvested from NOD/SCID mice and passaged orthotopically in transgenic nude mice ubiquitously expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP). The primary patient tumors acquired RFP‐expressing stroma. The RFP‐expressing stroma included cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs). Further passage to transgenic nude mice ubiquitously expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) resulted in tumors that acquired GFP stroma in addition to their RFP stroma, including CAFs and TAMs as well as blood vessels. The RFP stroma persisted in the tumors growing in the GFP mice. Further passage to transgenic nude mice ubiquitously expressing cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) resulted in tumors acquiring CFP stroma in addition to persisting RFP and GFP stroma, including RFP‐ and GFP‐expressing CAFs, TAMs and blood vessels. This model can be used to image progression of patient pancreatic tumors and to visually target stroma as well as cancer cells and to individualize patient therapy. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2290–2295, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of spastin and protrudin in neurite outgrowth
Authors: Zhang Chuanling , Li Dan , Ma Yan , Yan Jinting , Yang Baiqing , Li Peng , Yu Aiping , Lu Cailing , Ma Xu
Published: February 2012

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by retrograde axonal degeneration that primarily affects long spinal neurons. The gene encoding spastin has a well‐established association with HSP, and protrudin is a known binding partner of spastin. Here, we demonstrate that theN‐terminal domain of protrudin mediates the interaction with spastin, which is responsible for neurite outgrowth. We show that spastin promotes protrudin‐dependent neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. To further confirm these physiological functions in vivo, we microinjected zebrafish embryos with various protrudin/spastin mRNA and morpholinos. The results suggest that the spinal cord motor neuron axon outgrowth of zebrafish is regulated by the interaction between spastin and protrudin. In addition, the putative HSP‐associated protrudinG191V mutation was shown to alter the subcellular distribution and impair the yolk sac extension of zebrafish, but without significant defects in neurite outgrowth both in PC12 cells and zebrafish. Taken together, our findings indicate that protrudin interacts with spastin and induces axon formation through itsN‐terminal domain. Moreover, protrudin and spastin may work together to play an indispensable role in motor axon outgrowth. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2296–2307, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.