bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Miss�o Integral [holistic mission or the �whole Gospel�] applied: Brazilian evangelical models of holistic mission in the Arab-Muslim world
Authors: Smither Edward L.
Published: September 2011

In this article, I will first show the historical development of this theological approach within the Brazilian and Latin American evangelical spheres through the work of the Latin American Theological Fraternity � a movement founded in 1970 that maintained historic evangelical values (i.e. a high view of Scripture, the necessity of conversion) whilst also taking Latin America�s great social needs into account. Nurtured by thinkers such as Ren� Padilla (Ecuador), Orlando Costas (Puerto Rico), Samuel Escobar (Peru), and later Valdir Steuernagel (Brazil), the movement has not only responded to the concerns raised by Liberation theologians, but it has also influenced the direction of the Lausanne Movement � an expression of global evangelicalism. Secondly, I will discuss how miss�o integral has found its way into the missional �bloodstream� and become a central value for some Brazilian and Latin American missions organisations, including Miss�o Antioquia (1975) and PM International (1984). Finally, based on 55 interviews conducted in 2009�2010 with Brazilian workers and mission leaders focusing on the Arab world, I will show how Brazilian workers are demonstrating miss�o integral through their ministries and also why this approach is relevant in the Arab-Muslim world.
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Paranasal Sinuses: A Rare Entity
Authors: Kakkar Nandita , Yadav Jagveer Singh , Gupta Ashok K
Published: September 2011

Aneurysmal bone cysts are vascular tumors that cause expansion and erosion of bone. We present this rare entity involving maxillary, ethmoid and frontal sinuses along with orbit. Computed tomography and histopathology showed typical features of aneurysmal bone cyst. We discuss clinical, radiological and histological details along with endoscopic management and literature review. The rarity of tumor makes this case interesting for head and neck surgeons.
Mutton in Nasopharynx in a Toddler
Authors: Singh Ishwar , Ranga Rupender K , Singh Jagat , Yadav SPS
Published: September 2011

Foreign body in the nasopharynx is very uncommon. Authors report a curious case of mutton piece in a 2-year-old child which got lodged consequent to removal try by the mother. The child presented with foul smell, bilateral nasal obstruction and mouth breathing. Mutton piece was removed by nasal endoscopy.
Electrocardiographic consequences of cardiac iron overload in thalassemia major
Authors: Detterich Jon , Noetzli Leila , Dorey Fred , Bar‐Cohen Yaniv , Harmatz Paul , Coates Thomas , Wood John
Published: September 2011

Iron cardiomyopathy is a leading cause of death in transfusion‐dependent thalassemia major (TM) patients and MRI (T2*) can recognize preclinical cardiac iron overload, but, is unavailable to many centers. We evaluated the ability of 12‐lead electrocardiography to predict cardiac iron loading in TM. 12‐lead electrocardiogram and cardiac T2* measurements were performed prospectively, with a detectable cardiac iron cutoff of T2*less than 20 ms. Patients with and without cardiac iron were compared using two‐sample statistics and against population norms using age and gender‐matched Z‐scores. 45/78 patients had detectable cardiac iron. Patients having cardiac iron were older and more likely female but had comparable liver iron burdens and serum ferritin. Increased heart rate (HR) and prolonged corrected QT interval (QTc) were present, regardless of cardiac iron status. Repolarization abnormalities were the strongest predictors of cardiac iron, including QT/QTc prolongation, left shift of T‐wave axis, and interpretation of ST/T‐wave morphology. Recursive partitioning of the data for females using T‐axis and HR and for males using QT, HR, and T‐axis produced algorithms with AUROC's of 88.3 and 87.1, respectively. Bradycardia and repolarization abnormalities on 12‐lead electrocardiography were the most specific markers for cardiac iron in thalassemia major. Changes in these variables may be helpful to stratify cardiac risk when cardiac MRI is unavailable. However, diagnostic algorithms need to be vetted on larger and more diverse patient populations and longitudinal studies are necessary to determine reversibility of the observed abnormalities. Am. J. Hematol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transmitted deletions of medial 5p and learning difficulties; Does the cadherin cluster only become penetrant when flanking genes are deleted?
Authors: Barber John C.K. , Huang Shuwen , Bateman Mark S. , Collins Amanda L.
Published: September 2011

The central portion of the short arm of chromosome 5 is unusual in that large, cytogenetically visible interstitial deletions segregate in families with and without phenotypic consequences. Here we present a family in which a transmitted interstitial deletion of 5p13.3 to 5p14.3 co‐segregated with learning and/or behavioral difficulties in six family members. Facial dysmorphism was not striking but a father and daughter both had lacrimal fistulae. The deletion was 12.23 Mb in size (chr5:20,352,535–32,825,775) and contained fifteen known protein coding genes. Five of these (GOLPH3; MTMR12; ZFR; SUB1; and NPR3) and an ultra‐conserved microRNA (hsa‐miR‐579) were present in an 883 kb candidate gene region in 5p13.3 that was deleted in the present family but not in previously reported overlapping benign deletions. Members of the cadherin precursor gene cluster, with brain specific expression, were deleted in both affected and benign deletion families. The candidate genes in 5p13.3 may be sufficient to account for the consistent presence or absence of phenotype in medial 5p deletions. However, we consider the possibility of position effects in which CDH6, and/or other cadherin genes, become penetrant when adjacent genes, or modifiers of gene expression, are also deleted. This could account for the absence of intellectual disability in benign deletions of the cadherin cluster, the cognitive phenotype in medial 5p deletion syndrome and the greater severity of intellectual disability in patients with cri‐du‐chat syndrome and deletions of 5p15 that extend into the region deleted in the present family. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Common structural features characterize interstitial intrachromosomal Xp and 18q triplications
Authors: Giorda Roberto , Beri Silvana , Bonaglia M. Clara , Spaccini Luigina , Scelsa Barbara , Manolakos Emmanouil , Mina Erika Della , Ciccone Roberto , Zuffardi Orsetta
Published: September 2011

Rare intrachromosomal triplications producing partial tetrasomies have been reported for a number of chromosomes. A detailed molecular characterization, necessary to define the mechanism of their formation, has so far been lacking. We report on the detailed clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular characterization of two triplications, one de novo involving chromosome 18q, the other familial on chromosome Xp. The clinical phenotype of the patient with 18q triplication, very likely due to overexpression of one or more of the genes in the region, consists mainly of facial dysmorphisms and developmental delay. The familial Xp triplication does not cause an increase in the number of copies of any gene and is almost certainly a polymorphism. The rearrangements are actually complex duplications/triplications. In both patients, their proximal breakpoints are located within complex segmental duplications, one containing the VCX gene cluster on chromosome Xp, the other the TCEB3 genes on chromosome 18q. A proximal duplicated region is also present in both patients. All junctions we analyzed were formed by non‐homologous end joining (NHEJ). The structural features shared between our patients suggest the involvement of a common mechanism in the genesis of interstitial intrachromosomal triplications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Complex distal 10q rearrangement in a girl with mild intellectual disability: Follow up of the patient and review of the literature of non‐acrocentric satellited chromosomes
Authors: Sarri Catherine , Douzgou Sofia , Gyftodimou Yolanda , Tümer Zeynep , Ravn Kirstine , Pasparaki Angela , Sarafidou Theologia , Kontos Harry , Kokotas Haris , Karadima Georgia , Grigoriadou Maria , Pandelia Effie , Theodorou Virginia , Moschonas Nicholas K. , Petersen Michael B.
Published: September 2011

We report on an intellectually disabled girl with a de novo satellited chromosome 10 (10qs) and performed a review of the literature of the non‐acrocentric satellited chromosomes (NASC). Satellites and stalks normally occur on the short arms of acrocentric chromosomes; however, the literature cites several reports of satellited non‐acrocentric chromosomes, which presumably result from a translocation with an acrocentric chromosome. This is, to our knowledge, the third report of a 10qs chromosome. The phenotype observed in the proband prompted a search for a structural rearrangement of chromosome 10q. By microsatellite analysis we observed a 4 Mb deletion on the long arm of chromosome 10, approximately 145 kb from the telomere. FISH and array CGH analyses revealed a complex rearrangement involving in range from the centromere to the telomere: A 9.64 Mb 10q26.11–q26.2 duplication, a 1.3 Mb region with no copy number change, followed by a 5.62 Mb 10q26.2–q26.3 deletion and a translocation of satellite material. The homology between the repeat sequences at 10q subtelomere region and the sequences on the acrocentric short arms may explain the origin of the rearrangement and it is likely that the submicroscopic microdeletion and microduplication are responsible for the abnormal phenotype in our patient. The patient presented here, with a 15‐year follow‐up, manifests a distinct phenotype different from the 10q26 pure distal monosomy and trisomy syndromes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vici syndrome—A rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disorder with hypopigmentation, immunodeficiency and myopathic changes on muscle biopsy
Authors: Said Edith , Soler Doriette , Sewry Caroline
Published: September 2011

Since its first description by Vici et al. [1988], further reports have continued to broaden the clinical phenotype of this rare multisystem disorder. Main features of agenesis of corpus callosum (ACC), hypopigmentation, immunodeficiency/recurrent infections, cataracts, severe failure to thrive, and profound psychomotor delay have been reported in all cases. An additional feature is the recent evidence for neuromuscular involvement. We describe a female infant with the above core features in whom an initial rapid neurological deterioration and associated transient left ventricular hypertrophy and liver dysfunction was followed by relative clinical stability after ten months of age. This case further underlines the clinical phenotype of Vici syndrome as an early onset neurodegenerative disorder with hypopimentation, recurrent infections and muscle findings indicating myopathic and neurogenic features. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relationships between age and dental attrition in Australian aboriginals
Authors: Richards L.C. , Miller S.L.J.
Published: September 2011

Tooth wear scores (ratios of exposed dentin to total crown area) were calculated from dental casts of Australian Aboriginal subjects of known age from three populations. Linear regression equations relating attrition scores to age were derived. The slope of the regression line reflects the rate of tooth wear, and the intercept is related to the timing of first exposure of dentin. Differences in morphology between anterior and posterior teeth are reflected in a linear relationship between attrition scores and age for anterior teeth but a logarithmic relationship for posterior teeth. Correlations between age and attrition range from less than 0.40 for third molars (where differences in the eruption and occlusion of the teeth resulted in different patterns of wear) to greater than 0.80 for the premolars and first molars. Because of the generally high correlations between age and attrition, it is possible to estimate age from the extent of tooth wear with confidence limits of the order of ±10 years.
Skeletal evidence for Inca warfare from the Cuzco region of Peru
Authors: Andrushko Valerie A. , Torres Elva C.
Published: September 2011

This article addresses the bioarchaeological evidence for Inca warfare through an analysis of 454 adult skeletons from 11 sites in the Inca capital region of Cuzco, Peru. These 11 sites span almost 1000 years (AD 600–1532), which allows for a comparison of the evidence for warfare before the Inca came to power (Middle Horizon AD 600–1000), during the time of Inca ascendency in the Late Intermediate Period (AD 1000–1400), and after the Inca came to power and expanded throughout the Cuzco region and beyond (Inca Imperial Period, AD 1400–1532). The results indicate that 100 of 454 adults (22.0%) showed evidence of cranial trauma. Of these, 23 individuals had major cranial injuries suggestive of warfare, consisting of large, complete, and/or perimortem fractures. There was scant evidence for major injuries during the Middle Horizon (2.8%, 1/36) and Late Intermediate Period (2.5%, 5/199), suggesting that warfare was not prevalent in the Cuzco region before and during the Inca rise to power. Only in the Inca Imperial Period was there a significant rise in major injuries suggestive of warfare (7.8%, 17/219). Despite the significant increase in Inca times, the evidence for major cranial injuries was only sporadically distributed at Cuzco periphery sites and was entirely absent at Cuzco core sites. These findings suggest that while the Inca used warfare as a mechanism for expansion in the Cuzco region, it was only one part of a complex expansion strategy that included economic, political, and ideological means to gain and maintain control. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation of polyester nanofibers and nanofiber yarns from polyester/cellulose acetate butyrate immiscible polymer blends
Authors: Li Mufang , Xiao Ru , Sun Gang
Published: September 2011

Development of high throughput production processes for making thermoplastic nanofiber and nanofiber yarns are urgently needed. PET, PTT, and PBT nanofibers were prepared from PET/CAB, PTT/CAB, PBT/CAB immiscible polymer blends by in situ microfibrillar formation during the melt extruding process. The diameter distribution and crystallization properties of PET, PTT, and PBT nanofibers were analyzed. After removing the CAB matrix phase, the nanofibers could be collected in the forms of random or aligned nanofibers and nanofiber bundles or yarns. To understand the formation mechanism of the nanofibers, the morphology development of three different polyesters in the dispersed phase were studied with samples collected at different zones in a twin‐screw extruder. The morphological development mechanism of the dispersed phases involved the formation of sheets, holes and network structures, then the size reduction and formation of nanofibers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
“Images of God and friends of God”: The holy icon as document
Authors: Walsh John A.
Published: September 2011

Information studies, from origins in the field of documentation, has long been concerned with the question, What is a document? The purpose of this study is to examine Christian icons—typically tempera paintings on wooden panels—as information objects, as documents: documents that obtain meaning through tradition and standardization, documents around which a sophisticated scaffolding of classification and categorization has developed, documents that highlight their own materiality. Theological arguments that associate the icon with the Incarnation are juxtaposed with theories on the materiality of the document and “information as thing.” Icons are examined as visual and multimedia documents: all icons are graphic; many also incorporate textual information. Icons emerge as a complex information resource: a resource—with origins in the earliest years of Christianity—that developed over centuries with accompanying systems of standardization and classification, a resource at the center of theological and political differences that shook empires, a primarily visual resource within a theological framework that affords the visual equal status with the textual, a resource with enduring relevance to hundreds of millions of Christians, a resource that continues to evolve as ancient and modern icons take on new material forms made possible through digital technologies.

And crist was all, by reason as I preve,

Firste a prophete by holy informacion,

And by his doctryne, most worthy of byleve.

—John Lydgate. Life of Our Lady. IV. II. 309–311

We confess and proclaim our salvation in word and images.

—Kontakion of the Sunday of Orthodoxy
A Cross‐National Comparison of a Shorter Version of the Person's Relating to Others Questionnaire
Authors: Birtchnell John , Hammond Sean , Horn Eva , De Jong Cornelis , Kalaitzaki Argyroula
Published: September 2011

The shorter version of the Person's Relating to Others Questionnaire (PROQ3) is half the length of the earlier PROQ2. Both questionnaires were designed to measure negative relating as organized around a theoretical structure called the interpersonal octagon. Each questionnaire has an upper, lower, close and distant scale and four intermediate scales (e.g., upper close). As would be expected, moderately high positive correlations were observed between primary scales (upper, lower, close and distant) and neighbouring intermediate scales. Correlations diminished with increasing separation around the octagon. The psychometric properties of the PROQ3 were examined within four national samples. Alpha coefficients were consistently acceptable across samples. Gender differences varied between samples. Comparisons were made between the PROQ3 and a measure of the big five (International Personality Item Pool) and between the PROQ3 and two measures based upon the interpersonal circle (Revised Interpersonal Check List [ICL‐R] and Circumplex Version of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems [IIP‐C]). It is important to note that, unlike with the PROQ3, significant negative correlations were observed between opposite scales of the ICL‐R and opposite scales of the IIP‐C. A confirmatory factor analysis provided support for most PROQ3 scales, although some overlap between scales was demonstrated. Correlations between the PROQ3 scales and the big five scales were either non‐significant (two scales) or negative. Each PROQ3 scale correlated positively and meaningfully with a short sequence of scales of both the ICL‐R and the IIP‐C. Psychotherapy patients had higher mean scores than non‐patients on four scales but non‐patients had higher mean scores on two. Over the course of psychotherapy, the patients' mean score dropped significantly on six scales but rose significantly on one. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

The PROQ3 is an effective self‐rating measure of negative relating.

It is half the length of previous versions of the PROQ but is equally sound psychometrically.

It has been shown to differentiate significantly between psychotherapy patients and non‐patients.

It has revealed a significant reduction in scores over the course of psychotherapy.

It has been successfully translated into other European languages.
Strongyloides stercoralis in bronchoalveolar lavage specimen processed as Prussian Blue Stain
Authors: Zhao Po , Maleki Zahra
Published: September 2011

Strongyloidiasis is an infectious disease caused by the nematode helminth, Strogyloides stercoralis. Subjects immunosuppressed, immunocomprised, or on steroids are susceptible to hyperinfection and dissemination. Early detection of parasitic infection in such individuals is extremely important as disseminated Strongyloidiasis is potentially fatal. Here, we present a case of Strongyloidiasis initially detected by Prussian blue stain of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimen from an immunosuppressed patient who was treated with prednisone for acute interstitial nephritis and developed hemoptysis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of ameloblastoma and malignant ameloblastoma: A study of 12 cases
Authors: Klapsinou Eirini , Stavros Archondakis , Smaragda Angeli , Despoina Proestou , Dimitra Daskalopoulou
Published: September 2011

Ameloblastoma is an odontogenic tumor with aggressive biological behavior, high recurrence rate, and a complex microscopic appearance with many different histologic patterns. Primary ameloblastoma is also described in extragnathic locations. Because of its wide morphologic spectrum, which is mirrored also in cytologic smears, a thorough study of distinctive features is required to reach a reliable diagnosis. Twelve cases of ameloblastoma were examined both cytologically and histologically. The patients were seven women and five men 24–85 years old, mean age being 64 years. Eleven cases were primary tumors of the mandible and maxilla, and one case was a lung tumor metastatic from the tibia. The epithelial element in the cytologic smears of the various cases was morphologically diverse. The basaloid pattern and minimal nuclear atypia were rather constant findings, and the most helpful features toward reaching a cytological diagnosis. However in most cases, careful consideration of the clinical, radiological, cytological, and occasionally immunocytochemical data was required to rule out other entities with similar cytological findings. In some cases, the final diagnosis was only possible by histologic examination. Due to their variable microscopic morphology, ameloblastomas are quite often misdiagnosed for other entities, both benign and malignant. Nevertheless, when one is aware of their distinctive features, an accurate diagnosis can be made by fine‐needle aspiration cytology, in conjunction with clinical and radiological findings. Both the preoperative surgical planning and the postoperative follow‐up of the patients benefit significantly from this method. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trait‐mediated diversification in nematode predator–prey systems
Authors: Mulder Christian , Helder Johannes , Vervoort Mariëtte T. W. , Arie Vonk J.
Published: September 2011

Nematodes are presumably the most numerous Metazoans in terrestrial habitats. They are represented at all trophic levels and are known to respond to nutrient limitation, prey availability, and microbial resources. Predatory nematodes reside at the highest trophic level, and as such their feeding habits could have a major impact on soil food web functioning. Here, we investigate the effects of gender and developmental stage on the nematode body sizes in coarse and loamy soils. Besides Neodiplogasteridae, our predators are much larger than other soil‐dwelling nematodes from their early developmental stage onwards. From juvenile to adult, the predatory Aporcelaimellus (Kruskal–Wallis P < 0.001), Dorylaimoides, and Tripyla (both P < 0.01) show great length increases during their developmental growth, in contrast to their possible prey (almost all P < 0.001). Less than 4% of the prey exceeds the length of the predatory adults, but more than 30% of the prey exceeds the length of the predatory juveniles. Potential body size ratios and some physical problems experienced by small fluid feeders attacking large prey are discussed in an attempt to summarize different prey‐searching mechanisms and aggregative predatory responses in the soil system.
Impairments in life quality among clients in geriatric home care: associations with depressive and anxiety symptoms
Authors: Diefenbach Gretchen J. , Tolin David F. , Gilliam Christina M.
Published: September 2011

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the independent contributions of depressive and anxiety symptoms to quality of life among older adults who were receiving services through a home care program.

Methods

The study sample consisted of 66 community‐dwelling older adults (ages 65 years and older), who were experiencing chronic medical illness and concomitant functional disability necessitating home care. Participants completed self‐report measures of depression, anxiety, and health‐related quality of life. Additional data on cognitive, health, and functional status were collected to be used as covariates.

Results

The associations of depressive symptoms with quality of life impairments in home care were substantial and pervasive. Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with quality of life impairments in nearly all domains. After controlling for depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms accounted for additional and statistically significant variance in impaired life quality in the domains of mental health, role emotional functioning, and bodily pain.

Conclusions

These results indicate that depressive and anxiety symptoms demonstrate negative associations with life quality among older adults in home care and highlight the importance of developing community‐based programs to assess and treat depressive and anxiety symptoms among home care clients. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional outcomes after radiotherapy or laser surgery in early glottic carcinoma: A systematic review
Authors: van Loon Yda , Sjögren Elisabeth V. , Langeveld Ton P. M. , Baatenburg de Jong Rob J. , Schoones Jan W. , van Rossum Maya A.
Published: September 2011

Background

Early glottic carcinoma is treated with laser surgery or radiotherapy, but which treatment has better functional outcomes is unclear. This systematic review compared functional outcomes (voice, swallowing, quality of life [QOL]) in more extended T1a and limited T2 tumors (1) between treatments and (2) between greater and lesser laser resections.

Methods

A systematic literature search covered relevant databases from 1990 to 2009, combining all patient/problem, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) keyword variations.

Results

A total of 19 papers met the inclusion criteria, all of which were level IV evidence. Papers reported only voice and QOL. Heterogeneity of outcome measures prevented data pooling. Uncertainty about tumor comparability (depth, extent) between the 2 treatments, small subject numbers, and poor‐quality reporting hindered interpretation.

Conclusions

To allow comparison of laser surgery versus radiotherapy, a standardized method is needed that accurately measures tumor extent and depth. Agreement on functional outcome measures is necessary to allow comparison of treatments and resection types. Multicenter studies should be encouraged to guarantee adequate subject numbers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Cervical cancer screening among HIV‐infected women: An economic evaluation in a middle‐income country
Authors: Vanni Tazio , Luz Paula Mendes , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Veloso Valdilea G. , Foss Anna , Mesa‐Frias Marco , Legood Rosa
Published: September 2011

Due to the recent widespread availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in middle‐income countries, there has been an increase in life expectancy for women on HAART, but no corresponding decrease in cervical cancer incidence. This study evaluates the optimal cervical cancer screening strategy for HIV‐infected women in a middle‐income country. We developed a mathematical model, which simulates the natural history of the HPV infection, as well as the HIV‐mediated immunosupression among women in Brazil. Our model was calibrated using data from the IPEC/FIOCRUZ Women's HIV‐infected cohort. The model compares the lifetime effects, costs and cost‐effectiveness of strategies combining cytology, HPV DNA test and colposcopy at different screening intervals for different CD4 count strata (27 strategies in total). We found that the strategy with the best cost‐effectiveness profile (cost‐effectiveness ratio–U$4,911/year of life saved [YLS] and probability of being cost‐effective–86%) was HPV testing followed by cytology triage every year for all HIV infected women, considering a very cost‐effective threshold given by Brazil's GDP per capita (US$8,625/YLS). The results were robust to changes in the input parameters as demonstrated in one‐way, scenario, threshold and probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Our study indicates that annual HPV testing followed by cytology triage for all HIV‐infected women is likely to be very cost‐effective in a middle‐income country like Brazil. The results reflect the synergic effect of using a highly sensitive screening test (HPV DNA test) in sequence with a highly specific test (cytology).
Potential role of Hsp90 inhibitors in overcoming cisplatin resistance of bladder cancer‐initiating cells
Authors: Tatokoro Manabu , Koga Fumitaka , Yoshida Soichiro , Kawakami Satoru , Fujii Yasuhisa , Neckers Len , Kihara Kazunori
Published: September 2011

For metastatic bladder cancer patients, systemic cisplatin (CDDP)‐based combination chemotherapy is the first‐line choice of treatment. Although up to 70% of advanced bladder cancer patients initially show good tumor response to this form of combination chemotherapy, over 90% of good responders relapse and eventually die of the disease. According to the cancer stem cell theory, this phenomenon is attributable to the re‐growth of bladder cancer‐initiating cells (BCICs) that have survived chemotherapy. In this study, the authors have isolated BCICs from cultured human bladder cancer cells to analyze their sensitivity to CDDP and to investigate whether heat‐shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitors potentiate the cytotoxicity of CDDP on BCICs. First, the authors have confirmed that a CD44+ subpopulation of 5637 cells met the requirements to be considered tumor‐initiating cells. These BCICs were more resistant to CDDP and exhibited more activity in the Akt and ERK oncogenic signaling pathways when compared with their CD44− counterparts. The Hsp90 inhibitor 17‐(dimethylaminoethylamino)‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin (17‐DMAG), which simultaneously inactivated both Akt and ERK signaling at noncytocidal concentrations, synergistically potentiated the cytotoxicity of CDDP against BCICs by enhancing CDDP‐induced apoptosis in vitro. The potentiating effect of 17‐DMAG was more effective than a combination of the two inhibitors specific for the Akt and ERK pathways. Finally, the authors have confirmed that, though human BCIC xenografts exhibited resistance to a single administration of CDDP and the Hsp90 inhibitor 17‐(allylamino)‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin (17‐AAG), 17‐AAG sensitized them to CDDP in a mouse model. These data encourage clinical trials of Hsp90 inhibitors as they may improve therapeutic outcomes of CDDP‐based combination chemotherapy against advanced bladder cancer.
Structural and molecular biology of type I galactosemia: Disease‐associated mutations
Authors: McCorvie Thomas J. , Timson David J.
Published: September 2011

Type I galactosemia results from reduced galactose 1‐phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT) activity. Signs of disease include damage to the eyes, brain, liver, and ovaries. However, the exact nature and severity of the pathology depends on the mutation(s) in the patient's genes and his/her environment. Considerable enzymological and structural knowledge has been accumulated and this provides a basis to explain, at a biochemical level, impairment in the enzyme in the more than 230 disease‐associated variants, which have been described. The most common variant, Q188R, occurs close to the active site and the dimer interface. The substitution probably disrupts both UDP‐sugar binding and homodimer stability. Other alterations, for example K285N, occur close to the surface of the enzyme and most likely affect the folding and stability of the enzyme. There are a number of unanswered questions in the field, which require resolution. These include the possibility that the main enzymes of galactose metabolism form a supramolecular complex and the need for a high resolution crystal structure of human GALT. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 63(11): 949–954, 2011
Performance of a fully automatic lesion detection system for breast DCE‐MRI
Authors: Vignati Anna , Giannini Valentina , De Luca Massimo , Morra Lia , Persano Diego , Carbonaro Luca A. , Bertotto Ilaria , Martincich Laura , Regge Daniele , Bert Alberto , Sardanelli Francesco
Published: September 2011

Purpose:

To describe and test a new fully automatic lesion detection system for breast DCE‐MRI.

Materials and Methods:

Studies were collected from two institutions adopting different DCE‐MRI sequences, one with and the other one without fat‐saturation. The detection pipeline consists of (i) breast segmentation, to identify breast size and location; (ii) registration, to correct for patient movements; (iii) lesion detection, to extract contrast‐enhanced regions using a new normalization technique based on the contrast‐uptake of mammary vessels; (iv) false positive (FP) reduction, to exclude contrast‐enhanced regions other than lesions. Detection rate (number of system‐detected malignant and benign lesions over the total number of lesions) and sensitivity (system‐detected malignant lesions over the total number of malignant lesions) were assessed. The number of FPs was also assessed.

Results:

Forty‐eight studies with 12 benign and 53 malignant lesions were evaluated. Median lesion diameter was 6 mm (range, 5–15 mm) for benign and 26 mm (range, 5–75 mm) for malignant lesions. Detection rate was 58/65 (89%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 79%–95%) and sensitivity was 52/53 (98%; 95% CI 90%–99%). Mammary median FPs per breast was 4 (1st–3rd quartiles 3–7.25).

Conclusion:

The system showed promising results on MR datasets obtained from different scanners producing fat‐sat or non–fat‐sat images with variable temporal and spatial resolution and could potentially be used for early diagnosis and staging of breast cancer to reduce reading time and to improve lesion detection. Further evaluation is needed before it may be used in clinical practice. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamic physostigmine effects on hippocampus perfusion
Authors: Li Xiufeng , Spence Jeffrey S. , Buhner David M. , Haley Robert W. , Briggs Richard W.
Published: September 2011

Purpose:

To characterize the dynamic response of hippocampus blood flow to physostigmine infusion and to determine an infusion duration sufficiently long for robust detection of effects with arterial spin labeling (ASL) and sufficiently short to avoid peripheral side effects of physostigmine.

Materials and Methods:

Two female (49 ± 15 years) and nine male (53 ± 13 years) subjects were studied to determine the time course of the physostigmine effect on hippocampus blood flow with ASL perfusion imaging during 20 minutes of baseline, 30 minutes of physostigmine infusion at 1.0 mg/hr, and 70 minutes of recovery.

Results:

Hippocampus perfusion decreased steadily over the course of the infusion, with the reduction in flow becoming significant after 20 minutes of infusion, reaching lowest levels near the end of infusion, and remaining significantly low and stable in the 70‐minute recovery period. Percentage changes of hippocampus perfusion were −13.3%, −13.4%, and −13.4% for left, right, and bilateral hippocampus, respectively, at the end of infusion.

Conclusion:

At a dose rate of 1.0 mg/hr it is feasible to use an infusion time as short as 20 minutes, performing perfusion imaging up to an hour after physostigmine infusion is discontinued, to minimize chances for adverse side effects. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;280‐286. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sirolimus-Based Immunosuppression in Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Liang Wenhua , Wang Dongping , Ling Xiaoting , Allen Kao Andrew , Kong Yuan , Shang Yushu , Guo Zhiyong , He Xiaoshun
Published: September 2011

Sirolimus (SRL) is a novel immunosuppressant with antitumor properties. We performed a meta-analysis to determine whether SRL can improve patient survival and decrease the risks of tumor recurrence in patients with a pretransplant diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We searched databases for controlled clinical trials assessing the survival and oncological benefits of SRL for liver transplant recipients with pretransplant HCC. Five studies with a total of 2950 participants were included in this study. In comparison with SRL-free regimens, SRL-based regimens improved overall survival at 1 [odds ratio (OR) = 4.53, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 2.31-8.89], 3 (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.29-3.00), and 5 years (OR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.72-3.55). The pooled results showed that in comparison with SRL-free regimens, SRL-based regimens decreased tumor recurrence (OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.21-0.83). No significant differences in the frequencies of episodes of major posttransplant complications were observed between the groups. In conclusion, SRL is generally safe and prolongs patient survival in liver transplant recipients with pretransplant HCC.
Recent Advances in the Covalent Modification of Graphene With Polymers
Authors: Salavagione Horacio J. , Martínez Gerardo , Ellis Gary
Published: September 2011

Covalent binding of polymers to graphene represents an interesting alternative for the development of novel composite materials with a compendium of interfacial interactions. Through covalent linking, the concept of interface changes from a traditional view of interactions between components, such as van der Waals, hydrogen bonding, and so on, that is to say, at a polymer–filler interface, to a single compound concept where graphene forms an integral part of the polymeric chains. This feature article provides an overview of the strategies currently employed to functionalize graphene with polymers. We focus on the grafting‐from and grafting‐to methods used to bind polymers to graphene. The advantages and drawbacks, as well as the influence of each method on the final properties, are highlighted.
The ℓp‐function on trees
Authors: McMorris F. R. , Mulder Henry Martyn , Ortega O.
Published: September 2011

A p‐value of a sequence π = (x1, x2,…, xk) of elements of a finite metric space (X, d) is an element x for which
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{amsmath}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\sum_{i=1}^{k}d^p(x,x_i)$\end{document}
is minimum. The function ℓp with domain the set of all finite sequences defined by ℓp(π) = {x: x is a p‐value of π} is called the ℓp‐function on X. The ℓp‐functions with p = 1 and p = 2 are the well‐studied median and mean functions respectively. In this article, the ℓp‐function on finite trees is characterized axiomatically. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2012
New facets and an enhanced branch‐and‐cut for the min–max K‐vehicles windy rural postman problem
Authors: Benavent Enrique , Corberán Angel , Plana Isaac , Sanchis José M.
Published: September 2011

The min–max windy rural postman problem is a multiple vehicle version of the windy rural postman problem, WRPP, which consists of minimizing the length of the longest route to find a set of balanced routes for the vehicles. In a previous paper, an ILP formulation and a partial polyhedral study were presented, and a preliminary branch‐and‐cut algorithm that produced some promising computational results was implemented. In this article, we present further results for this problem. We describe several new facet‐inducing inequalities obtained from the WRPP, as well as some inequalities that have to be satisfied by any optimal solution. We present an enhanced branch‐and‐cut algorithm that takes advantage of both these new inequalities and high quality min–max K‐WRPP feasible solutions obtained by a metaheuristic. Computational results on a large set of instances are also reported. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 58(4), 255–272 2011
Development of a Rapid Resolution Liquid Chromatographic Method Combined with Chemometrics for Quality Control of Angelicae dahuricae radix
Authors: Fan Gang , Deng Rui , Zhou Lin , Meng Xianli , Kuang Tingting , Lai Xianrong , Zhang Jing , Zhang Yi
Published: September 2011

Introduction

Angelicae dahuricae radix (Baizhi) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, for which the traditional processing method has been sun‐drying after harvesting. In recent years this method has been replaced by sulphur‐fumigation for the sake of improving its appearance and pest control. Correct identification of sulphur‐fumigated Baizhi and rapid finding of appropriate chemical markers for the quality control of Baizhi are of very great importance.

Objective

To develop a rapid and efficient method of rapid resolution liquid chromatography (RRLC) combined with chemometrics for discriminating sulphur‐fumigated Baizhi and controlling its quality.

Methodology

The samples were separated on a Zorbax SB‐C18‐column with a gradient elution programme using methanol and water. The optimal RRLC method was validated in terms of linearity, precision, stability and recovery test. In addition, hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principle component analysis (PCA) were applied to differentiate the different samples.

Results

All the constituents were well separated within 18 min. The results of chemical fingerprinting and quantitative analysis showed that the sulphur‐fumigated method obviously destroyed the phytochemical profiles of Baizhi. Moreover, the sun‐dried and sulphur‐fumigated Baizhi could be clearly separated by HCA and PCA, and the critical markers such as oxypeucedanin and imperatorin accountable for such differences were ultimately screened out.

Conclusion

This study revealed that sulphur‐fumigation is an inappropriate approach for processing crude drugs and should be prohibited, and that the proposed RRLC method combined with chemometrics demonstrated an efficient strategy for quality control of Baizhi. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Issues and trends in the accreditation of school psychology programs in the United States
Authors: Prus Joseph S. , Strein William
Published: September 2011

Program accreditation, which serves as a designator of quality based on a review by colleagues external to the institution using standards established by the profession, is playing an increasingly important role in the preparation and credentialing of school psychologists. Doctoral school psychology programs often seek accreditation by the American Psychological Association (APA), which impacts graduate eligibility for an independent practice license in many states. Most specialist and doctoral programs also seek recognition by the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) and National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education, which impacts graduate eligibility for national certification and eligibility for a credential to practice in the schools in many states. APA and NASP recognition standards and requirements are discussed and compared. The graduate preparation standards and associated documentation requirements of these two organizations differ in some important respects, but have many commonalities. Both have been impacted by an increasing emphasis in higher education on assessment and documentation of outcomes (vs. inputs and processes), requiring more comprehensive aggregation and use of data for program evaluation and improvement. Despite such requirements, an increasing number of school psychology programs have sought and achieved recognition by APA and/or NASP. The authors discuss possible future trends in accreditation, including a continued move toward outcomes‐based assessment, more emphasis on the use of external quality indicators, increased use of technology in both training and documentation, and a greater need for collaboration among higher education faculty, programs, and accrediting organizations. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Incorporation of ketone groups into poly(4‐hydroxystyrene)s main chain by radical copolymerization of 2,2‐diphenyl‐4‐methylene‐1,3‐dioxorane with O‐protected hydroxystyrenes and their photodegradable behavior
Authors: Ishikawa Takeshi , Morino Kazuhide , Sudo Atsushi , Endo Takeshi
Published: September 2011

Here we report the incorporation of ketone groups into poly(4‐hydroxystyrene)s main chain by radical copolymerization of O‐protected hydroxystyrenes such as 4‐ethoxyethoxystyrene and 4‐acetoxystyrene with 2,2‐diphenyl‐4‐methylene‐1,3‐dioxorane (DPMD) followed by removal of the protective groups and the photodegradable behavior of obtained copolymers. The copolymerization of O‐protected hydroxystyrenes with DPMD gave the corresponding copolymers bearing DMPD‐derived ketone groups in the main chain, of which content could be controlled by changing monomer feed ratio. The ethoxyethyl and acetyl groups of the obtained copolymers were completely removed under acidic and basic conditions, respectively, to afford poly(4‐hydroxystyrene)s having ketone moieties in the main chain. The molecular weights of these copolymers decreased under photoirradiation due to the Norrish‐type reactions of the ketone groups distributed in the main chain. These results demonstrate that poly(4‐hydroxystyrene)s having ketone groups in the main chain possess good photo‐scissibility. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Planning system characteristics and planning effectiveness
Authors: Ramanujam Vasudevan , Venkatraman N.
Published: September 2011

The nature of the multivariate relationship between six characteristics of planning systems and three different conceptualizations of planning effectiveness is examined using canonical correlation analysis. The analysis indicates that the organizational context of planning—captured here by two key characteristics—resistance to planning and resources provided for planning—is the dominant impact on planning system effectiveness, broadly construed. While individual design elements of the planning system such as use of techniques and external orientation do influence effectiveness, the contextual dimensions appear to be overriding. Implications for further research on planning systems and directions for future extensions of this study are discussed.
Extending UML to model Web 2.0‐based context‐aware applications
Authors: Hsu I‐Ching
Published: September 2011

Web 2.0 Mashups offer entirely new opportunities for context‐aware application (CAA) developers by integrating Web 2.0 technologies to facilitate interoperability among heterogeneous context‐aware systems. From a software engineering perspective, a visualized approach for Web 2.0‐based CAA modeling is crucial. Current CAA development, however, cannot provide a conceptual model for Web 2.0‐based CAA. Therefore, the development efficiency and potential for reuse are decreased. The UML is a general purpose modeling language with potential for use in many application domains. However, UML often lacks elements needed to model concepts in specific domains, such as Web 2.0‐based CAA modeling. To address the above issues, this study presents the Web 2.0‐based CAA UML profile, a UML profile for modeling Web 2.0‐based CAA. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Relation Between the Linear Factor Model and the Latent Profile Model
Authors: Halpin Peter F. , Dolan Conor V. , Grasman Raoul P. P. P. , De Boeck Paul
Published: September 2011

The relationship between linear factor models and latent profile models is addressed within the context of maximum likelihood estimation based on the joint distribution of the manifest variables. Although the two models are well known to imply equivalent covariance decompositions, in general they do not yield equivalent estimates of the unconditional covariances. In particular, a 2-class latent profile model with Gaussian components underestimates the observed covariances but not the variances, when the data are consistent with a unidimensional Gaussian factor model. In explanation of this phenomenon we provide some results relating the unconditional covariances to the goodness of fit of the latent profile model, and to its excess multivariate kurtosis. The analysis also leads to some useful parameter restrictions related to symmetry.