bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimally invasive colorectal cancer surgery: an observational study of medicare advantage and fee-for-service beneficiaries
Authors: Bakillah Emna , Sharpe James , Wirtalla Chris , Goldberg Drew , Altieri Maria S. , Aarons Cary B. , Keele Luke J. , Kelz Rachel R.
Published: August 2024

Background

Enrollment of Medicare beneficiaries in medicare advantage (MA) plans has been steadily increasing. Prior research has shown differences in healthcare access and outcomes based on Medicare enrollment status. This study sought to compare utilization of minimally invasive colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery and postoperative outcomes between MA and Fee-for-Service (FFS) beneficiaries.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of beneficiaries  ≥ 65.5 years of age enrolled in FFS and MA plans was performed of patients undergoing a CRC resection from 2016 to 2019. The primary outcome was operative approach, defined as minimally invasive (laparoscopic) or open. Secondary outcomes included robotic assistance, hospital length-of-stay, mortality, discharge disposition, and hospital readmission. Using balancing weights, we performed a tapered analysis to examine outcomes with adjustment for potential confounders.

Results

MA beneficiaries were less likely to have lymph node (12.9 vs 14.4%, p < 0.001) or distant metastases (15.5% vs 17.0%, p < 0.001), and less likely to receive chemotherapy (6.2% vs 6.7%, p < 0.001), compared to FFS beneficiaries. MA beneficiaries had a higher risk-adjusted likelihood of undergoing laparoscopic CRC resection (OR 1.12 (1.10–1.15), p < 0.001), and similar rates of robotic assistance (OR 1.00 (0.97–1.03), p = 0.912), compared to FFS beneficiaries. There were no differences in risk-adjusted length-of-stay (β coefficient 0.03 (− 0.05–0.10), p = 0.461) or mortality at 30-60-and 90-days (OR 0.99 (0.95–1.04), p = 0.787; OR 1.00 (0.96–1.04), p = 0.815; OR 0.98 (0.95–1.02), p = 0.380). MA beneficiaries had a lower likelihood of non-routine disposition (OR 0.77 (0.75–0.78), p < 0.001) and readmission at 30-60-and 90-days (OR 0.76 (0.73–0.80), p < 0.001; OR 0.78 (0.75–0.81), p < 0.001; OR 0.79 (0.76–0.81), p < 0.001).

Conclusions

MA beneficiaries had less advanced disease at the time of CRC resection and a greater likelihood of undergoing a laparoscopic procedure. MA enrollment is associated with improved health outcomes for elderly beneficiaries undergoing operative treatment for CRC.
Long-term disease-specific quality of life after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication in patients with borderline GERD
Authors: Wang Theresa N. , Jalilvand Anahita D. , Sharma Shuchi , An Bryan W. , Perry Kyle A. , Sweigert Patrick J.
Published: August 2024

Background

Historically, DeMeester score over 14.7 has been used to diagnose GERD. The 2022 American Gastroenterological Association clinical guidelines define GERD based on acid exposure time (AET) instead of DeMeester score. We aim to compare outcomes after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) in patients based on differing GERD diagnostic criteria.

Methods

Patients who underwent first-time LNF between 2009 and 2017 were identified. Demographics, objective GERD evaluation, and outcomes were maintained in an IRB-approved database. Disease-specific quality of life was assessed with a survey (GERD-HRQL) with higher values representing more symptomatic disease. Descriptive statistics, Fischer’s exact test and logistic regression were used to analyze the data, p-value < 0.05.

Results

225 patients were stratified into two groups: borderline GERD (AET 4–6%, n = 25.11%) and GERD (AET ≥ 6%, n = 200.89%). The mean age was 50.1 ± 13.4 years and 169 (75%) were female. Baseline GERD-HRQL was lower in the borderline group (24.3 vs 30.0, p = 0.031). Short-term (5 weeks [IQR 4, 8]), medium-term (14 months [IQR 7.25, 31]) and long-term (6.75 years [IQR 5.5, 8]) follow-up was performed. GERD-HRQL scores did not differ between borderline and GERD patients at short-(6.0 vs 7.1, p = 0.630), medium-(12.0 vs 12.1, p = 0.818), or long-term follow-up (10.0 vs 9.0, p = 0.757). The absolute long-term improvement in GERD-HRQL was −12.3 (p = 0.022) vs. −21.3 (p < 0.001). At long-term follow-up there was no difference in PPI use (50% vs 47%, p = 0.852), satisfaction (58% vs 76%, p = 0.187), willingness to repeat the procedure given the benefit of hindsight (75% vs 85%, p = 0.386), or need for reoperation (14% vs 13%, p = 0.910).

Conclusion

Both patients with borderline GERD and GERD achieve GERD-HRQL improvements at 7 years following laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication and demonstrate similar long-term PPI usage and satisfaction with surgical results. Borderline GERD patients have lower GERD-HRQL at baseline, and thus have smaller improvements in their QOL scores. Anti-reflux surgery should be considered for patients with a diagnosis of borderline GERD refractory to medical therapy.
Sheffer stroke operation on L-algebras via an algorithmic approach
Authors: Gürsoy Necla Kırcalı , Öner Tahsin , Gürsoy Arif , Ülker Alper
Published: August 2024

In this study, we introduce the Sheffer stroke L-algebra and prove some fundamental theorems, propositions and lemmas of Sheffer Stroke L-algebras. The notions of filter and ultrafilter for Sheffer stroke L-algebra are studied. We give subalgebra and normal subset definitions of a Sheffer stroke L-algebras. Moreover, a homomorphism between Sheffer stroke L-algebras is introduced and isomorphism theorems are presented. Finally, we give three new algorithms for Sheffer stroke L-algebras. Thus, it is contributed to researchers on different application areas by presenting an algorithmic approach on this subject, for the first time in the literature.
Exploring patients and caregivers needs and experiences in oncological physiotherapy: a call for collaborative care
Authors: Medina-Rincón Almudena , San Miguel-Pagola Marta , Gargallo-Aguarón Pablo , Roldán-Pérez Patricia , Francín-Gallego Marina , Villa-García Lorena , Buesa-Estéllez Almudena
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study explores whether the full potential of physiotherapy is reaching cancer patients and their caregivers at all stages of the oncological process, aiming to identify gaps and opportunities for improving care.

Methods

The World Cafe co-design methodology facilitated discussions among cancer patients and caregivers. This dynamic, inclusive, and engaging approach fostered diverse perspectives and deeper insights through collaborative and flexible discussions. Sessions were recorded, transcribed, and qualitatively analyzed.

Results

Sixteen participants were involved (eight cancer survivors and eight caregivers). The mean age of cancer survivors was 63.8 years, while the average age of caregivers was 59.3 years. Breast cancer was the most prevalent diagnosis among patients, and most caregivers had lost their family members to cancer. Analysis revealed two primary themes: “feeling cared for” and “the role of physiotherapy in the oncological process.” Key findings highlight the need for more humanized healthcare, with professionals providing support through effective communication and empathy. Significant gaps were detected in both systematic referrals to physiotherapists and their integration into care teams. Testimonies highlighted the lack of knowledge about the full potential of physiotherapy in oncology, hindering access. There was also a demand for recognizing specialized oncological physiotherapists.

Conclusions

These findings highlight significant gaps in physiotherapy care for cancer survivors and caregivers, including unmet needs due to the lack of information, resources, and effective communication. Future efforts should focus on increasing the visibility of physiotherapy, integrating specialized physiotherapists into oncology teams, and enhancing the emotional education of healthcare professionals to provide more humanized care.
From nexus thinking to nexus implementation in South Europe and beyond: mutual learning between practitioners and policymakers
Authors: Özcan Zeynep , Willaarts Barbara , Klessova Svetlana , Caucci Serena , Prista Luisa , Adamos Giannis , Laspidou Chrysi
Published: August 2024

The Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystems (WEFE) nexus presents a complex web of interactions, capturing the attention of both academia and policymakers. Sectoral policies wield significant impacts across WEFE domains, necessitating a nuanced approach to sustainability initiatives. For a decade, research and policy discussions across Europe have sought to comprehend these interconnections and develop strategies that minimize unintended consequences while maximizing co-benefits. The NEXUSNET Regional Forum convened in Split, Croatia on September 28, 2023, spotlighting stakeholders-practitioners who shape and are shaped by the WEFE nexus. With a focus on Southern Europe, the forum delved into challenges and opportunities, fostering the exchange of experiences and mutual learning among practitioners and policymakers. Diverse organizations were represented by esteemed panelists contributing to a comprehensive exploration of the WEFE nexus. The forum unfolded across three sessions: “Sectoral perspective viewpoint”, “Implementation of nexus cases”, and “Bridging the gap between nexus research and policy”. This paper distills the outcomes, providing a synthesis that transcends individual sessions. It offers a cohesive overview of the forum’s rich discussions, emphasizing the collaborative efforts required to navigate the intricacies of the WEFE nexus and elevate its societal and policy impact.
Minimally invasive far lateral tubular microdiscectomy: surgical technique and case series of 176 patients
Authors: Chau Anthony Minh Tien , Lerch Aaron , Waser Barton , Green Lauren , Papacostas Jason , Tsahtsarlis Antonio , McMillen Jason , Campbell Robert , Wood Martin , Amato Damian
Published: August 2024

Background

Far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniations comprise approximately 10% of symptomatic lumbar disc herniations. They represent operative challenges due to accessibility and surgical unfamiliarity. Surgical strategies in the past have included open discectomy and posterior lumbar interbody fusion. Tubular microdiscectomies have gained traction due to their minimally invasive advantages, including reduced morbidity, pain and length of hospital stay.

Methods

We report our retrospective single institution consecutive case series of tubular far lateral microdiscectomies. One hundred and seventy-six patients were operated on over an eight-year period. Clinical outcomes were assessed after institutional ethics approval. We additionally describe our surgical technique with an illustrative video case.

Results

Over a mean follow-up of 21 weeks, 77% of patients had good or excellent clinical outcomes according to the MacNab criteria. 12% of patients underwent reoperation at the index level for symptom recurrence or persistence. Mean length of hospital stay was 1.3 days. There was a 1% rate of both postoperative haematoma and infection. Mean operation duration was 86 minutes.

Conclusion

This case series represents the largest currently reported in the literature. Minimally invasive microdiscectomies performed through tubes allow for precise localisation, reduced tissue disruption and favourable clinical outcomes. Our results appear consistent with a review of the literature, demonstrating the safety and efficacy of this approach.
Formation of the Positronium Antihydride Molecules ($$\bar{\textrm{H}}\textrm{Ps}$$) in Low Energy, 5-Body Collisions of Antihydrogen Ion $$\bar{\textrm{H}}^+$$ with Positronium Atoms Ps
Authors: Froelich Piotr , Yamashita Takuma , Kino Yasushi , Jonsell Svante , Hiyama Emiko
Published: August 2024

In this paper we present the first pilot calculation of the elastic and inelastic cross sections for the 5-body scattering of antihydrogen ions with positronium atoms. These cross sections have not been calculated before and are not known experimentally. In particular, we focus on the collisional rearrangement reactions $$\bar{{ \mathrm H}}^+ + \textrm{Ps} \rightarrow {\bar{\textrm{H}}}\textrm{Ps} +{\mathrm{e^+}}$$

H

¯

+

+
Ps
→

H

¯

Ps
+

e
+

which deplete the $$\bar{\textrm{H}}^+$$

H

¯

+

ions and result in stable atomcules $$\bar{\textrm{H}}\textrm{Ps}$$

H

¯

Ps

. To better understand the mechanism of this rearrangement, we study the 3-dimensional, angle resolved positron densities of the 3- and 4-body fragments in the initial and final states of the rearrangement collision.
Elektrokonvulsionstherapie unter Zwang im stationären Maßnahmenvollzug
Authors: Machetanz Lena , Pommerehne Michael , Ege Gian , Kassar Madeleine , Habermeyer Elmar , Kirchebner Johannes
Published: August 2024

Die forensische Psychiatrie hat ein Doppelmandat: Sie zielt nicht nur darauf ab, das individuelle Leiden eines Patienten oder einer Patientin zu lindern, sondern auch das Risiko von erneuten Gewalttaten aufgrund der Erkrankung zu reduzieren. Dabei stehen Fachpersonen oft vor der Herausforderung, mit schweren psychiatrischen Erkrankungen umzugehen, die auch auf intensive therapeutische Bemühungen nicht hinreichend ansprechen.

In diesem Spannungsfeld liegt die Verantwortung darin, ärztliches Handeln an medizinischen und ethischen Prinzipien auszurichten und gleichzeitig gesetzlichen Vorgaben zu folgen. Anhand eines Fallbeispiels aus der Schweiz wird deutlich gemacht, wie diese Herausforderung konkret werden kann: Die Frage, ob ein psychisch kranker Mensch mit therapierefraktärer Schizophrenie und fehlenden Rehabilitationsperspektiven auch gegen seinen Willen einer Elektrokonvulsionstherapie unterzogen werden darf, wird aus medizinischer, ethischer und juristischer Perspektive beleuchtet.
Prehistorical and historical occurrence and range dynamic of the Eurasian Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia) and the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) in Europe
Authors: Schmölcke Ulrich , Thomsen Kai-Michael
Published: August 2024

The Eurasian Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia) and the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) are emblematic birds of high conservation interest. This article examines their range history in Europe since the end of the last Glacial by analyzing subfossil bone finds of both species, mostly from archaeological excavations. It is shown that two thousand years ago, White Storks occurred exclusively in the territory of the Roman Empire, i.e. the northern border of their distribution ran along the Rhine and Danube rivers. The north-east part of the continent, with its high population density today, was only colonized in the last few centuries. The Spoonbill’s patchy occurrence in Europe today appears to be a typical distribution pattern for this species. The subfossil findings also do not indicate a large, closed distribution area for any phase of the last 10,000 years. Some of its distribution islands (e.g. those in the Netherlands) have existed for thousands of years.
Evolution, perception, and the mind
Authors: Feldman Jerome A.
Published: August 2024

The classical mind–body problem persists as one of the deepest scientific mysteries. Despite the grand claims of the new AI, some of the most basic facts of human vision cannot be explained by current or proposed theories of brain structure and function. This paper reviews some well-known mysteries including the neural binding problem, blind sight, subjective experience and prosthetics. There is continuing progress, but the core mysteries of the mind seem to require fundamental advances for any reductionist resolution.
Family presence during resuscitation: a survey of Japanese physicians’ views
Authors: Tanabe Yuko , Ishikawa Eri , Yamada Tomoaki , Shime Nobuaki , Maeda Shoichi
Published: August 2024

Aim

This study aimed to clarify physicians’ awareness of and attitudes toward family presence during resuscitation (FPDR) and related factors.

Subject and methods

A web-based questionnaire survey was conducted of 7859 physicians who were members of the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine (survey period: October 12, 2022, to December 31, 2022). Focusing on cardiopulmonary arrest, the survey questioned their awareness and attitudes, with a comparison of exogenous and non-exogenous patients.

Results

The proportion of respondents who have family present during resuscitation was 100 (25.0%) for exogenous and 105 (29.2%) for non-exogenous. The proportion who believed that the family’s acceptance of death is greater with FPDR was 255 (61.7%) for exogenous and 245 (65.7%) for non-exogenous. The proportion who believed that the family’s acceptance of death is greater with FPDR included a significantly higher number of respondents who had family present than in the proportion who believed that FPDR has no effect. The proportion who believed that the family is emotionally traumatized by FPDR was 251 (60.8%) for exogenous and 217 (58.2%) for non-exogenous. The proportion who believed that families are emotionally traumatized by FPDR included a significantly higher number of respondents who do not have family present than the proportion who believed that FPDR has no effect.

Conclusion

Various international resuscitation guidelines have recommended FPDR from an early stage to alleviate grief and prevent mental disorders. However, these guidelines are not always followed in Japan.
In a memory of the late Harry Markowitz
Authors: Levy Haim
Published: August 2024

I have learned from him a lot how to conduct research, but more important, I hope, how to be a better human being.
AHP based on scenarios and the optimism coefficient for new and risky projects: case of independent criteria
Authors: Gaspars-Wieloch Helena
Published: August 2024

AHP is a well-known multi-criteria procedure which has been investigated and developed by many researchers and practitioners. Some AHP modifications are designed for decision making under uncertainty. The goal of this paper is to present a new AHP approach which can be useful in the case of uncertain one-shot decisions and independent criteria. The method proposed in the article is based on scenario planning, features characteristic for the Hurwicz rule (i.e. the use of the optimism coefficient) and on a scenario set reduction. The novel procedure gives the possibility to generate a relatively small number of pairwise comparison matrices thanks to the reduction of the initial sets of scenarios. The modified version of AHP may be helpful when the decision maker’s knowledge about probabilities of the occurrence of particular scenarios is partial. Such a situation occurs in the case of innovative, innovation and risky projects for which historical data are not known. The idea of the suggested scenario-based AHP is to adjust the final choice not only to the decision makers’ preferences (concerning criteria for example), but also to their nature, attitude towards risk, predictions, expectations and fears.
Trends in pancreatic cancer mortality in the United States 1999–2020: a CDC database population-based study
Authors: Didier Alexander J. , Nandwani Swamroop , Fahoury Alan M. , Craig Daniel J. , Watkins Dean , Campbell Andrew , Spencer Caleb T. , Batten Macelyn , Vijendra Divya , Sutton Jeffrey M.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Pancreatic cancer is a significant public health concern and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. This study aimed to investigate pancreatic cancer mortality trends and disparities in the United States (US) from 1999 to 2020.

Methods

Data were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database. Mortality rates were age-adjusted and standardized to the year 2000 US population. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze temporal trends in age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) by sociodemographic and geographic variables.

Results

Between 1999 and 2020, pancreatic cancer led to a total of 810,628 deaths in the US, an average mortality of nearly 39,000 deaths per year. The AAMR slightly increased from 10.6 in 1999 to 11.1 in 2020, with an associated annual percent change (APC) of 0.2. Mortality rates were highest among individuals aged 65 and older. Black individuals experienced the highest overall pancreatic cancer-related AAMR at 13.8. Despite this, Black individuals experienced a decreasing mortality trend over time (APC −0.2) while White individuals experienced an increasing trend in mortality (APC 0.4). Additionally, individuals residing in rural areas experienced steeper rates of mortality increase than those living in urban areas (APC 0.6 for rural vs −0.2 for urban). White individuals in urban and rural populations experienced an increase in mortality, while Black individuals in urban environments experienced a decrease in mortality, and Black individuals in rural environments experienced stable mortality trends.

Conclusions

Mortality from pancreatic cancer continues to increase in the US, with racial and regional disparities identified in minorities and rural-dwelling individuals. These disparate findings highlight the importance of ongoing efforts to understand and address pancreatic cancer treatment and outcomes disparities in the US, and future studies should further investigate the underlying etiologies of these disparities and potential for novel therapies to reduce the mortality.
Immune responses and immunotherapeutic approaches in the treatment against cancer
Authors: Leong Stanley P
Published: August 2024

Cancer cells within a population are heterogeneous due to genomic mutations or epigenetic changes. The immune response to cancer especially the T cell repertoire within the cancer microenvionment is important to the control and growth of cancer cells. When a cancer clone breaks through the surveillance of the immune system, it wins the battle to overcome the host’s immune system. In this review, the complicated profile of the cancer microenvironment is emphasized. The molecular evidence of immune responses to cancer has been recently established. Based on these molecular mechanisms of immune interactions with cancer, clinical trials based on checkpoint inhibition therapy against CTLA-4 and/or PD-1 versus PD-L1 have been successful in the treatment of melanoma, lung cancer and other types of cancer. The diversity of the T cell repertoire is described and the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes within the cancer may be expanded ex vivo and infused back to the patient as a treatment modality for adoptive immunotherapy.
Farmer-oriented predictors of smallholder urban pig farming challenges and adoption of sustainable management practices in the Cape Metropole, South Africa
Authors: Mathobela Rebecca Mmamakgone , Chikwanha Obert Chenjerayi , Katiyatiya Chenaimoyo Lufutuko Faith , Molotsi Annelin Henriehetta , Marufu Munyaradzi Chris , Strydom Phillip Evert , Mapiye Cletos
Published: August 2024

Understanding the drivers of farmers’ challenges and adoption of sustainable agricultural practices (SAPs) is crucial for the sustainable development of the small-scale urban pig enterprise in sub-Saharan Africa. A total of 160 structured questionnaires were individually administered to determine factors driving small-scale farmers’ challenges and adoption of SAPs in the Cape Metropole District, South Africa. Key challenges reported by the farmers were piglet mortality (88% of respondents), limited access to communal water taps (42%), feed scarcity (36%), and shortage of pig housing material (30%). Marginal effects from logistic regression revealed that farmers’ chances to experience key challenges were high (P ≤ 0.05) among African traditional religion believers, exotic pig breed owners, single source income earners and young farmers. Key SAPs adopted by farmers included restricted feeding (78% of respondents), controlled mating (70%), biosecurity (50%) and record keeping (50%). The probability of farmers’ failure to adopt key SAPs was high among the less educated, young farmers and African traditional religion believers (P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, consideration of farmer-oriented factors that have been associated with increasing the likelihood of experiencing challenges and non-adoption of SAPs in development initiatives could enhance small-scale urban pig production in the studied areas.
Sustainability of the community model of avocado production in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve, Michoacán, México
Authors: Ramírez M. Isabel , Špirić Jovanka , Orozco-Meléndez Francisco , Merlo-Reyes Ana
Published: August 2024

The avocado is a commodity crop that has generated severe environmental and social impacts in Michoacán, the world’s leading producer. Current studies overlook the diversity of avocado production by focusing on Michocán’s central region, while the regions of a more recent expansion remain poorly studied. We analyzed the model of avocado production in five indigenous communities in the municipality of Zitácuaro that have part of their territory within the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve. We use the Framework for the Evaluation of Management Systems using Sustainability Indicators to characterize and evaluate the sustainability of the Community Model of Avocado Production (CMAP). Based on 42 interviews with producers, we identified eleven critical points related to environmental (small-scale production; forest conservation; high prophylactic use of agrochemicals; high dependence on irrigation), economic (high crop diversity; low profitability; high yield loss to pests; low economic diversification), and social (high dependence on technical advisors; low dependence on labor force external to the community; few changes in land ownership) aspects of sustainability. The CMAP has productive and socio-political characteristics that represent strengths and weaknesses for its sustainability. The main environmental results suggest that the avocado expansion (2007–2022) in the communities did not involve a change in forest land use. Socially, the CMAP favors the local workforce and facilitates the maintenance of land ownership. The sustainability of CMAP is mostly limited by its economic aspects. With adequate economic support for socially and environmentally sustainable productive practices, the CMAP can improve the local livelihoods while promoting forest conservation.
The Use of a Comprehensive Concept of Capability for Wellbeing Assessment: A Best-Fit Framework Synthesis
Authors: Ubels Jasper , Hernandez-Villafuerte Karla , Niebauer Erica , Schlander Michael
Published: August 2024

Developing an instrument with the capability approach can be challenging, since the capability concept of Sen is ambiguous concerning the burdens that people experience whilst achieving their capabilities. A solution is to develop instruments with a comprehensive concept of capability, such as the concept of ‘option-freedom’. This study aims to develop a theoretical framework for instrument development with the concept of option-freedom. A best-fit framework synthesis was conducted with seven qualitative papers by one researcher. Two researchers supported the synthesis by discussing interim results during the synthesis. A priori concepts of option-freedom were used to deductively code against. Themes and subthemes were developed inductively when data did not match a priori themes. Seven paper were identified that fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Four themes emerged from the synthesis. (1) Option Wellbeing represents a range of options that need to be satisfied for individuals to experience wellbeing. (2) Self-Realization represents that there are experiences in an individual’s life that have value beyond realizing options. (3) Perceived Access to Options represents the perceived ability of individuals to realize freedoms. (4) Perceived Control represents the experience of having control. Developing an instrument with the proposed framework has two benefits. First, it acknowledges the importance of assessing impediments in realizing capabilities for wellbeing assessment. Secondly, the themes form a broad informational base by including themes related to subjective wellbeing. Future research should study the feasibility of implementing the framework for instrument development.
Digital Literacy in the Informal Economy of Ghana: Life-long Learning and Extending Working Lives of Older Persons in Post-Covid-19 Era
Authors: Oteng Samuel Ampadu , Manful Esmeranda , Nkansah Jacob Oppong
Published: August 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the growing importance of digital technologies for economic resilience, especially for vulnerable groups like older workers in the informal sector. However, barriers to access and digital literacy create challenges alongside potential opportunities, particularly in less developed countries such as Ghana. Using older adults over 50 years engaged in informal work in Kumasi’s Central Business District in Ghana as a case, this paper explores older informal workers’ use of digital technologies in Ghana during the pandemic. Findings suggest that older informal workers relied heavily on their mobile phones as the only critical technological tool to sustain their businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the findings also reveal critical gaps in skills, training, and support, alongside resourcefulness in leveraging digital tools for business continuity. Key policy implications include expanding mobile-centric digital literacy programs, addressing infrastructure divides, and integrating capacity building into social protection. The paper contributes insights on strengthening lifelong learning and extending the working lives of older persons in the informal sector in the post-COVID era.
Meta-analysis of travel-based multitasking by railway passengers in Japan between 1983 and 2019: direct observation and YouTube videos
Authors: Sanko Nobuhiro , Yamaguchi Sota
Published: August 2024

This meta-analysis aims to analyse how the activities of rail passengers have changed in Japan as a result of rapid technological developments. To be eligible for inclusion in this analysis, source studies must have reported the number of passengers performing specific activities, and the number must have been directly counted by surveyors who actually ride on trains. Databases searched included CiNii, J-STAGE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. References in selected studies were trialled using a snowballing method. In addition, past onboard activities were retrospectively identified by content analysis of YouTube videos in which the surveyors hypothetically travelled on a train and observed the passengers. The use of YouTube videos for meta-analysis of rail passengers’ activities is a novel contribution of this study. The search for the YouTube video was entirely manual. In total, 23 independent studies with 332,355 passengers were included in the analysis. Data were collected from 1983 to 2019. The effect sizes were the proportion of each of the following activities: ‘(a) mobile phones’, ‘(b) sleeping’, ‘(c) reading’, ‘(d) music’, and ‘(e) other’. Meta-regressions were performed with the year of data collection as a moderator. Demonstrating historical changes in activities through statistical analysis is another novel contribution: ‘(a) mobile phones’ and ‘(d) music’ had a significantly increasing trend, ‘(c) reading’ had a significantly decreasing trend, and ‘(b) sleeping’ and ‘(e) other’ did not change. Studies with and without YouTube videos did not affect the conclusions, which supports the use of YouTube videos for the purposes of this study. Ideas are presented for research methods that use directly observed data to explain the possible social factors behind longitudinal variation in travel-based multitasking.
Design and Modelling of a Modified High Gain Printed Vivaldi Antenna for EMC Measurements
Authors: Abdulhameed Abdulghafor A. , Alnahwi Falih M. , Kubík Zdeněk
Published: August 2024

This paper demonstrates the design, modeling, and analysis of a small size 180 × 165 × 1.6 mm3 printed broadband Vivaldi antenna for electromagnetic compatibility measurements. The proposed antenna is intended to be utilized as a reference antenna for emission and immunity tests inside the EMC Chamber through the band (0.8–5.5 GHz). Exponentially tapered slots were created based on mathematical equations to form an end-fire radiation antenna. Furthermore, microstrip and slot line stubs were employed to tune the impedance bandwidth. This antenna could be considered a 2-D Horn antenna with a size reduction of 64% and 67% since both antennas, Vivaldi and Horn are based on the same principle. Two rectangular slots were engraved near the feeding point to reshape and enhance the gain at lower frequency bands. Furthermore, the realized gain has been improved by approximately 3.5 dB and reached up to 10.7 dBi by introducing a pair of triangular reversal slots at the top edges of the structure. Moreover, this antenna has specifications that make it a suitable candidate to work as a reference antenna inside the EMC chamber compared to the classical Horn antenna offered for sale (PowerLOG® PRO 30800 and TBMA4).
The Process of Steam Oxidation Degradation of High Cr Steel after 125 000 Hours at 568 °C under 16.5 MPa
Authors: Dudziak Tomasz , Morgiel Jerzy , Golański Grzegorz , Chandran Puneet , Chat-Wilk Karolina , Polkowska Adelajda
Published: August 2024

The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of steam oxidation when TP347HFG grade steel was exposed to industrial conditions for 125 000 hrs at 568 °C under 16.5 MPa pressure. The testing material was acquired from one of the coal power plants operating in Poland. Comprehensive investigations were carried out on the outer surface and cross section of the exposed sample using XRD, SEM/EDS and TEM. The analysis revealed the development of a fine grain oxide scale thickness spanning from 20 to 200 µm, consisting Fe2NiO4 (78 %), Cr1.3Fe0.7O3, Fe2O3 (0.8 %) and Fe3Co (0.8 %). Cross-sectional observations showed the formation of grains rich in Nb precipitates type MX carbonitrides surrounded by M23C6 carbides developed as a continuous net at the grain boundaries. The extent of material degradation under the influence of temperature, pressure and exposure time has been meticulously discussed.

Graphical Abstract
Lock-in Thermography for the Localization of Security Hard Blocks on SoC Devices
Authors: Kögel Michael , Brand Sebastian , Große Christian , Altmann Frank , Selmke Bodo , Zinnecker Kilian , Hesselbarth Robert , Jacob Kabakci Nisha
Published: August 2024

Localizing security-relevant hard blocks on modern System-on-Chips for physical attacks, such as side-channel analysis and fault attacks, has become increasingly time-consuming due to ever-increasing chip-area and -complexity. While this development increases the effort and reverse engineering cost, it is not sufficient to withstand resolute attackers. This paper explores the application of camera-based lock-in thermography, a nondestructive testing method, for identifying and localizing security hard blocks on integrated circuits. We use a synchronous signal to periodically activate security-related functions in the firmware, which causes periodic temperature changes in the activated die areas that we detect and localize via an infrared camera. Using this method, we demonstrate the precise detection and localization of security-related hard blocks at the die level on a modern SoC.
Efficacy and safety of recombinant porcine factor VIII in Japanese patients with acquired hemophilia A
Authors: Seki Yoshinobu , Ogawa Yoshiyuki , Kikuchi Takahide , Sakaida Emiko , Mizuta Yuki , Kitagawa Tadayuki , Takemura Kazuhiko , Miyaguchi Yasuo , Nogami Keiji , Matsushita Tadashi
Published: August 2024

Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare bleeding disorder caused by autoantibodies inhibiting human factor VIII (hFVIII). This phase II/III open-label study evaluated the safety and efficacy of recombinant porcine factor VIII (rpFVIII, susoctocog alfa) in adults with AHA and severe bleeding episodes in Japan (NCT04580407). The initial rpFVIII dose was 200 U/kg, with subsequent doses based on clinical measures including plasma FVIII activity. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of severe bleeding episodes with a positive response to rpFVIII therapy 24 h after treatment initiation. Five patients were eligible for, and completed, rpFVIII treatment (age group: 60s–80s; median hFVIII inhibitor: 52 BU/mL; porcine FVIII [pFVIII] inhibitor: 3/5 patients). The median (range) total dose/patient was 548.4 (198–1803) U/kg with a median 3.0 infusions/patient. All patients responded positively to rpFVIII therapy at 24 h regardless of baseline pFVIII inhibitor status. rpFVIII treatment was well tolerated with no adverse events of special interest such as thromboembolic events or de novo pFVIII inhibitors. This study supports the use of rpFVIII as a novel therapy in the clinical management of patients with AHA in Japan. rpFVIII was approved for treating bleeding episodes in adults with AHA in Japan in 2024.
Hemoparasitism in grazing cattle and risk factors associated with husbandry management in an endemic area of Eastern Colombia
Authors: Mor Natalie Hell , Tavera Julieth Viviana Montenegro , Tobón Julio César , Guzmán Barragán Blanca Lisseth , López Giovanny Beltran , Vargas Duarte Jimmy Jolman , Corredor Danny Wilson Sanjuanelo , Tafur-Gómez Gabriel Andrés
Published: August 2024

Vector-borne pathogens induce hemoparasitism in cattle causing substantial economic losses in tropical and subtropical areas. Infectious cattle actively contribute to maintaining the transmission cycle, and the presence of these animals must be associated with husbandry management and environmental changes. In the present study, we conducted a cross-sectional study sampling 1,000 bovines to identify infectious cattle diagnosed by a direct technique and employed a dichotomic questionnaire for association analyses, hierarchical clustering, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Overall prevalence with infectious cattle was 34.99%, where 97% of the farms had at least one infectious animal per genera, and the prevalence in properties ranged between 16.39 and 53.85%. Of these animals, 26.20% tested positive for Anaplasma sp., 8.40% for Babesia spp., and 1.30% for Trypanosome spp. The main co-infection showed 5% Anaplasma sp. – Trypanosome spp., followed by 4% Babesia spp. – Trypanosome spp. These bovines showed association with the use of the Jersey breed (OR = 2.016 C.I:1.188–3.419), selling animals for replacement (OR = 1.417 CI:1.022–1.965), participation in livestock exhibitions (OR = 2.009 CI:1.262–3.199), premises with burials (OR = 2,064 CR: 1.414–3.011), use of palm kernel (OR = 1.935 C.I:1.198–3.124), and the use of ivermectin (OR = 1.548 CI: 1.085–2.210) as a susceptibility. The hierarchical clustering revealed clusters among properties with different hemoparasite prevalence, with notable co-infections observed. The subsequent PCA identified that significant risk factors contributed to hemoparasitism positivity. We conclude that infectious cattle in the endemic area showed an association with husbandry management that permits the success of vector and maintenance of the enzootic or epizootic cycle in the herds.
Over 25-year monitoring of the Tsing Ma suspension bridge in Hong Kong
Authors: Zhang Lu , Lu Tian , Wang Fei , Xia Yong
Published: August 2024

Bridges in service are subjected to environmental and load actions, but their status and conditions are typically unknown. Health monitoring systems have been installed on long-span bridges to monitor their loads and the associated responses in real time. Since 1997, the Tsing Ma suspension bridge in Hong Kong has been the world’s first of the type equipped with a long-term health monitoring system. For the first time, this study reports the first-hand field monitoring data of the bridge from 1997 to 2022. The 26-year data provide an invaluable and rare opportunity to examine the long-term characteristics of the loads, bridge responses, and their relationships, thereby enabling the assessment of the bridge’s load evolution and structural condition over time. Results show that traffic loads have remained stable after 2007, highway vehicles kept increasing until the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the annual maximum deck temperature continued to increase at a rate of 0.51 °C/decade, typhoon durations increased by 2.5 h/year, and monsoon speeds decreased and became dispersed and variable. For the bridge responses, deck displacement is governed by the varying temperature. Natural frequencies in the past 26 years were almost unchanged. The overall condition of the bridge is very satisfactory. Current status and recent update of the health monitoring system are also reported. Lastly, prospects of bridge health monitoring are discussed. This study is the first to report the over one-quarter century status of a structural health monitoring system and the behavior of a long-span suspension bridge. This research provides a benchmark for many other bridge monitoring systems worldwide.
Polysaccharide fraction from Triplostegia glandulifera Wall and its renoprotective effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice by attenuating oxidative stress
Authors: Guo Hai-Hui , Wu Lei , Mi Dan , Zhang Xing-Yu , He Fu-Mei , Lei Ting , Wang Fu-Sheng
Published: August 2024

Triplostegia glandulifera Wall (T. glandulifera) is an ethnomedicine commonly used by ethnic minorities in Yunnan, China, to treat kidney disease. However, there are few reports on the renoprotective effects of this substance, and the active ingredients remain unclear. In this study, we extracted the polysaccharide fractions TGB and TGC using the water extraction-alcohol precipitation method and determined their molecular weight (Mw) and monosaccharide composition. The study investigated the protective effects of TGB and TGC fractions against diabetic nephropathy (DN) using an in vitro high glucose-induced HRMCs model and an in vivo STZ-induced diabetic mouse model. HPLC analysis revealed that TGB contained D-galacturonic acid, D-glucose, D-galactose, and D-arabinose, and had a lower Mw than TGC. In vitro, TGB showed concentration-dependent antioxidant activity and effectively reduced abnormal proliferation and while attenuating oxidative stress in HRMCs. In mice with diabetes, TGB corrected the dysregulation of glucose-lipid metabolism and alleviated oxidative stress in the kidneys. Additionally, it improved renal function and reduced renal tissue damage. The study suggests that the low Mw polysaccharides (TGB) have better activity against DN through the antioxidative stress mechanism.

Graphical Abstract
Apporto nutrizionale di vitamina D in Italia
Authors: Nuti Ranuccio , Gennari Luigi , Cavati Guido , Merlotti Daniela
Published: August 2024

Sommario

Il fabbisogno di vitamina D è garantito per l’80% dall’irraggiamento solare e per il 20% dall’introito alimentare. La vitamina D3 è presente nei pesci, fegato, uova, latte e derivati, funghi. Il carente apporto alimentare di vitamina D può favorire l’ipovitaminosi D. Abbiamo rilevato che l’apporto medio giornaliero di vitamina D in Italia è di 204 IU ± 137 nella donna e 185 IU ± 49 SD nell’uomo. Un’estensione di questo studio, ha potuto confermare questo aspetto. Il carente apporto alimentare di vitamina D contribuisce significativamente alla realizzazione di un insufficiente stato vitaminico D.
Believing in an Enticing World: Testing a Positive Psychological Intervention Aimed at Increasing Character Strengths and Well-Being via World Beliefs
Authors: Hämpke Janna , Diller Sandra J. , Kerry Nicholas , Clifton Jeremy D. W. , Frey Dieter
Published: August 2024

The Enticing world belief factor—encompassing beliefs that the world is interesting, beautiful, abundant, and worth exploring—has been hypothesized to promote subjective well-being and several character strengths (e.g., curiosity). The present pre-registered longitudinal-experimental study tests a 9-day intervention aiming to increase Enticing world belief in 247 high school and university students (aged 14–35). Results show that the intervention increased Enticing world belief from pre to post. However, these changes did not persist at a 2-week follow-up. Although we did not find the predicted positive total effects of the intervention on optimism, life satisfaction, well-being, curiosity or love of learning from pre to post, we did find positive indirect effects on all of these variables via changes in Enticing world belief. We discuss inferential limitations regarding the observed effects as well as possible reasons for the lack of positive total effects on well-being measures and character strengths.
Poverty Impacts of the Pakistan Flood 2022
Authors: Knippenberg Erwin , Amadio Mattia , Meyer Moritz
Published: August 2024

In the summer of 2022, devastating floods hit Pakistan with a profound negative impact on lives and livelihoods. Apart from the irreconcilable loss of life, household welfare was negatively impacted through the loss of household income, loss of assets, and rising food prices. Yet, in the absence of just-in-time household survey data, evaluating the welfare impact is challenging, particularly in terms of estimating monetary poverty. This paper demonstrates how real-time satellite data, in combination with administrative data and historical household survey data, can be used to model the impact of floods on Pakistani households. In the context of data and time constraints, we present a practical methodology to simulate the expected impact of a natural disaster on monetary poverty from an ex-ante perspective. Estimates show that, as a direct consequence of the floods, the national poverty rate would increase by 4.0 to 4.3 percentage points, pushing around 9 million people below the national poverty line. Moreover, a spatially disaggregated analysis showed that the magnitude of shocks varied across locations and households depending on the intensity of the flooding and household characteristics. These estimates, which informed the Post Disaster Needs Assessment and were later used to frame the Donor Conference for Pakistan, provide an example of rapid modeling in the absence of real-time household survey data.
Artificial intelligence and its ‘slow violence’ to human rights
Authors: Teo Sue Anne
Published: August 2024

Human rights concerns in relation to the impacts brought forth by artificial intelligence (‘AI’) have revolved around examining how it affects specific rights, such as the right to privacy, non-discrimination and freedom of expression. However, this article argues that the effects go deeper, potentially challenging the foundational assumptions of key concepts and normative justifications of the human rights framework. To unpack this, the article applies the lens of ‘slow violence’, a term borrowed from environmental justice literature, to frame the grinding, gradual, attritional harms of AI towards the human rights framework.

The article examines the slow violence of AI towards human rights at three different levels. First, the individual as the subject of interest and protection within the human rights framework, is increasingly unable to understand nor seek accountability for harms arising from the deployment of AI systems. This undermines the key premise of the framework which was meant to empower the individual in addressing large power disparities and calling for accountability towards such abuse of power. Secondly, the ‘slow violence’ of AI is also seen through the unravelling of the normative justifications of discrete rights such as the right to privacy, freedom of expression and freedom of thought, upending the reasons and assumptions in which those rights were formulated and formalised in the first place. Finally, the article examines how even the wide interpretations towards the normative foundation of human rights, namely human dignity, is unable to address putative new challenges AI poses towards the concept. It then considers and offers the outline to critical perspectives that can inform a new model of human rights accountability in the age of AI.