bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Novel C2‐Symmetric Six‐Membered NHCs for Asymmetric Copper‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Grignard Reagents to 3‐Methylhexenone.
Authors: Li Jie , Xu Liang
Published: July 2015

A novel class enantiopure pyrimidinium‐based NHC precursors is designed, synthesized and successfully employed in Cu‐catalyzed asymmetric 1,4‐conjugate addition reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Ureas and Thioureas Supported on Polystyrene for Enantioselective Aza‐Henry Reactions under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Pedrosa Rafael , Andres Jose M. , Avila Deisy P. , Ceballos Miriam , Pindado Rodrigo
Published: July 2015

Novel bifunctional ureas and thioureas immobilized on sulfonylpolystyrene are synthesized and applied as chiral organocatalysts in Aza‐Henry reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Aldol Condensation or Cyclotrimerization Reactions Catalyzed by FeCl3.
Authors: Arias‐Ugarte Renzo , Wekesa Francis S. , Findlater Michael
Published: July 2015

An unexpected cyclotrimerization of aldehydes is observed at low temperature in the presence of water to form 1,3,5‐trioxanes (II) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Decarboxylative Halogenation of Indolecarboxylic Acids Using Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagent and Its Application to the Synthesis of Polybromoindoles.
Authors: Hamamoto Hiromi , Miki Yasuyoshi , Umemoto Hideaki , Umemoto Misako , Ohta Chiaki , Fujita Emi , Nakamura Akira , Maegawa Tomohiro
Published: July 2015

Depending on the N‐protecting group of the substrate, the title reaction generally affords either 1‐(phenylsulfonyl)‐2,3‐dihaloindoles or 1‐methyl‐3,3‐dihalooxindoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnesium‐Promoted Reductive Acylation of Aromatic Conjugated Ynones Accompanying with Transposition of the Triple Bond.
Authors: Zhang Tianyuan , Takano Atsushi , Nishiyama Yutaro , Maekawa Hirofumi
Published: July 2015

Byproducts of type (IV) are obtained in most cases in less than 20% yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Decarboxylation of Propargyl Carbonates: Reactivity Reversal of the Gold Catalyst from π‐Lewis Acidity to σ‐Lewis Acidity.
Authors: Shen Ruwei , Yang Jianjun , Zhu Shugao , Chen Chao , Wu Luling
Published: July 2015

In the catalyzed decarboxylative etherification of propargyl carbonates the gold(I) catalyst shows a distinct σ‐acidity and propargyl ethers are furnished.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal‐Free Generation of N‐Unsubstituted Imines from Benzyl Azides: Synthesis of N‐Unsubstituted Homoallylic Amines.
Authors: Pramanik Suman , Reddy Reddy Rajasekhar , Ghorai Prasanta
Published: July 2015

Using tBuOK in stoichiometric as well as catalytic amounts and with slight modifications (temperature, solvent), a variety of benzyl and cinnamyl azides can be transformed into the corresponding homoallylic amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of Aryl Azides from Nitrobenzenes.
Authors: Zhao Fen , Chen Zhen , Lei Pengfei , Kong Linglei , Jiang Yubo
Published: July 2015

The conversion of nitrobenzenes into azides proceeds under mild conditions and is tolerant to a wide range of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Benzylation of Aldehydes with Benzyl Halides and Pseudohalides.
Authors: Panahi Farhad , Bahmani Marzieh , Iranpoor Nasser
Published: July 2015

For the first time 1,2‐addition of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes to benzylic substrates furnishes alcohols in presence of a nickel catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Methyl‐4‐oxa‐5‐azahomoadamantane as an Organocatalyst for the Aerobic Oxidation of Primary Amines to Oximes in Water.
Authors: Yu Jiatao , Jin Yong , Lu Ming
Published: July 2015

This green and selective oxidation of amines gives E‐type oximes in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct C—H Amidation of Benzoic Acids to Introduce meta‐ and para‐Amino Groups by Tandem Decarboxylation.
Authors: Lee Donggun , Chang Sukbok
Published: July 2015

Procedure A) is found to be optimal for the introduction of an amino function in ortho‐position to the carboxylic acid by use of different sulfonyl azides.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Tertiary Acyclic Amides by the Chapman Rearrangement of Aryl Benzimidates in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Epishina Margarita A. , Kulikov Alexander S. , Ignat'ev Nikolai V. , Schulte Michael , Makhova Nina N.
Published: July 2015

The Chapman rearrangement of aryl benzimidates (I) in ionic liquids affording the corresponding amides (II) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Radical Reaction of N‐Tosylhydrazones: Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)‐Vinyl Sulfones.
Authors: Mao Shuai , Gao Ya‐Ru , Zhu Xue‐Qing , Guo Dong‐Dong , Wang Yong‐Qiang
Published: July 2015

The method operates as the first step in the one‐pot two‐step synthesis of alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed C—S Bond Formation: Synthesis of Aryl Sulfides from Arylsulfonyl Hydrazides and Boronic Acids.
Authors: Singh Rahul , Allam Bharat Kumar , Singh Neetu , Kumari Kumkum , Singh Satish Kumar , Singh Krishna Nand
Published: July 2015

Thioethers are prepared by cross—coupling of arylsulfonyl hydrazides and aryl boronic acids using a nickel catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Method for the Preparation of Sulfonyl Chlorides: Reaction of Disulfides or Thiols with Sodium Hypochlorite Pentahydrate (NaOCl·5H2O) Crystals.
Authors: Okada Tomohide , Matsumuro Hiroaki , Iwai Toshiaki , Kitagawa Saori , Yamazaki Kento , Akiyama Tomomi , Asawa Tomotake , Sugiyama Yukihiro , Kimura Yoshikazu , Kirihara Masayuki
Published: July 2015

Oxidation of disulfides or thiols with sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate gives sulfonyl chlorides in an environmentally benign and economical manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Bulky Monodentate Biphenylarsine Ligands: Synthesis and Evaluation of Their Structure Effects in the Palladium‐Catalyzed Heck Reaction.
Authors: Quinteros Gisela J. , Uberman Paula M. , Martin Sandra E.
Published: July 2015

A synthesis of biphenylarsines is presented and the utility of these products as ligand in Pd‐catalyzed Heck‐coupling reactions of activated olefins with aryl bromides and iodides is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Selective C—H Cyanation of Indolines and Indoles with an Easily Accessible Cyano Source.
Authors: Mishra Neeraj Kumar , Jeong Taejoo , Sharma Satyasheel , Shin Youngmi , Han Sangil , Park Jihye , Oh Joa Sub , Kwak Jong Hwan , Jung Young Hoon , Kim In Su
Published: July 2015

A facile access to C‐7 cyanated indolines and C‐2 cyanated indoles using N‐cyano‐N‐phenyl‐para‐methylbenzenesulfonamide (II) as CN‐source is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Trifluoromethylation of Imidazoheterocycles in a Recyclable Medium at Room Temperature.
Authors: Ji Xiao‐Ming , Wei Liang , Chen Fan , Tang Ri‐Yuan
Published: July 2015

A green trifluoromethylation of heterocycle‐fused imidazoles by sodium triflinate in an ionic liquid/water mixture is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiazole Formation Through a Modified Gewald Reaction.
Authors: Mallia Carl J , Englert Lukas , Walter Gary C , Baxendale Ian R.
Published: July 2015

Depending on the substitution of the α‐carbon to the cyano group of the nitrile educts, either 2‐substituted thiazoles or 2‐substituted aminothiophenes are obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: The Flavan—Isoflavan Rearrangement: Bioinspired Synthetic Access to Isoflavonoids via 1,2‐Shift—alkylation Sequence.
Authors: Nakamura Kayo , Ohmori Ken , Suzuki Keisuke
Published: July 2015

(‐)‐Equol (X) is prepared in a 7‐step‐sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Heck Coupling of Vinyl Pyridines with Aryl Boronic Acids.
Authors: Chen Shanshan , Zhang Xiuli , Chu Mingjie , Gan Xiaoping , Lv Xianhai , Yu Jie
Published: July 2015

The aryl vinyl pyridine cross‐coupling products (III) are obtained as single stereoisomer.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Symmetrical 2,6‐Diarylpyridines via Palladium/Copper‐Catalyzed Sequential Decarboxylative and Direct C—H Arylation.
Authors: Ma Zhiyong , Liu Hailong , Zhang Chunchun , Zheng Xueli , Yuan Maolian , Fu Haiyan , Li Ruixiang , Chen Hua
Published: July 2015

A palladium(II)/copper oxide‐catalyzed one‐pot decarboxylative and direct C—H arylation of 2‐picolinic acid with aryl bromides is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polysubstituted Quinolines via Transition‐Metal‐Free Oxidative Cycloisomerization of o‐Cinnamylanilines.
Authors: Rehan Mohammad , Hazra Gurupada , Ghorai Prasanta
Published: July 2015

The scalable reaction procedure shows a broad substrate scope and delivers the products in generally high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Protocol for Catalyst‐Free Regioselective Synthesis of 5,9‐Dihydropyrimido[5,4‐e][1,2,4]triazolo [1,5‐a]pyrimidine‐6,8(4H,7H)‐diones.
Authors: Karami Bahador , Farahi Mahnaz , Banaki Zohreh
Published: July 2015

The title compounds (IV) and (VI) are obtained by three‐component reaction of 1,3‐dimethylbarbituric acid (I), 3‐amino‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazoles (II) and (V), and various aromatic aldehydes (III) under solvent‐free reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: An Operationally Simple Green Procedure for the Synthesis of Dihydropyrimido[4,5‐d]pyrimidinetriones Using CuI Nanoparticles as a Highly Efficient Catalyst.
Authors: Abdolmohammadi Shahrzad , Afsharpour Maryam
Published: July 2015

Cu nanoparticles are found to be an efficient catalyst for the three‐component reaction of 6‐aminouracil (I), aromatic aldehydes (II), and urea (III) in water to give the title compounds of type (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of New Caffeine‐Based Chalcones, Pyrazolines and Pyrazolo[3,4‐b][1,4]diazepines as Potential Antimalarial, Antitrypanosomal and Antileishmanial Agents.
Authors: Insuasty Braulio , et al.
Published: July 2015

Several title compounds of type (II), (IV), (VI), and (VIII) are prepared and tested for their biological activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Silylation of Azulenes Based on Regioselective C—H Bond Activation.
Authors: Murai Masahito , Takami Keishi , Takeshima Hirotaka , Takai Kazuhiko
Published: July 2015

The silylation of azulene with various hydrosilanes proceeds with excellent regioselectivity to form 2‐silylazulenes without the need for any directing groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Easy Access to (2‐Imidazolin‐4‐yl)phosphonates by a Microwave Assisted Multicomponent Reaction.
Authors: Abas Sonia , Estarellas Carolina , Javier Luque F. , Escolano Carmen
Published: July 2015

An atom‐economic and efficient method for the synthesis of title compounds such as (IV), (VII), and (IX) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: New Septanoside and 20‐Hydroxyecdysone Septanoside Derivative from Atriplex portulacoides Roots with Preliminary Biological Activities
Authors: Ben Nejma Aymen , Nguir Asma , Ben Jannet Hichem , Hamza M'hamed Ali , Daich Adam , Othman Mohamed , Lawson Ata Martin
Published: July 2015

isolation, structure determination as well as antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticholinesterase activities of portulasoid (I) and septanoecdysone (II)
ChemInform Abstract: New Xanthones from Comastoma pulmonarium and Their anti‐Tobacco Mosaic Virus Activity.
Authors: Li Li‐Mei , et al.
Published: July 2015

Together with four known xanthones, pulmonarxanthone A (Ia) and B (IIb) are isolated.
ChemInform Abstract: Truncateols A—N, New Isoprenylated Cyclohexanols from the Sponge‐Associated Fungus Truncatella angustata with anti‐H1N1 Virus Activities.
Authors: Zhao Yang , Si Longlong , Liu Dong , Proksch Peter , Zhou Demin , Lin Wenhan
Published: July 2015

Fourteen novel isoprenylated cyclohexanols, e.g. compounds (I)‐(VIII), are isolated from the title fungus.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Synthesis of Ultrafine Cubic Boron Nitride Nanoparticles under Ambient Conditions.
Authors: Liu Hui , Jin Peng , Xue Yan‐Ming , Dong Cunku , Li Xiang , Tang Cheng‐Chun , Du Xi‐Wen
Published: July 2015

Cubic BN nanoparticles with an average particle size of 3.5 nm are prepared by dehydrogenation of a dioxane solution of H3B·NH3 using a nanosecond or millisecond pulsed Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, 10 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Grignard Reagents and Non‐precious Metals: Cheap and Eco‐Friendly Reagents for Developing Industrial Cross‐Couplings. A Personal Account
Authors: Cahiez Gerard , Moyeux Alban , Cossy Janine
Published: July 2015

Review: [34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembly of “Patchy” Nanoparticles: A Versatile Approach to Functional Hierarchical Materials
Authors: Lunn David J. , Finnegan John R. , Manners Ian
Published: July 2015

Review: 108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐2‐oxindoles from Isatin Imines: New Scaffolds for Bioactivity Evaluation
Authors: Kaur Jasneet , Chimni Swapandeep Singh , Mahajan Suhel , Kumar Akshay
Published: July 2015

Review: [62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments and Applications of the Cadiot—Chodkiewicz Reaction
Authors: Sindhu K. S. , Thankachan Amrutha P. , Sajitha P. S. , Anilkumar Gopinathan
Published: July 2015

Review: [69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene and Tungsten Oxo Alkylidene N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes for Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Sen Suman , Schowner Roman , Buchmeiser Michael R.
Published: July 2015

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Olefin Metathesis Meets Rubber Chemistry and Technology
Authors: Leimgruber Simon , Trimmel Gregor
Published: July 2015

Review: 155 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Oxetanes
Authors: Davis Owen A. , Bull James A.
Published: July 2015

Review: [21 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Collective Synthesis of Natural Products by Using Metathesis Cascade Reactions
Authors: Han Jing‐Chun , Li Chuang‐Chuang
Published: July 2015

Review: [54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrazolium Compounds: Synthesis and Applications in Medicine
Authors: Wei Cheng‐Xi , Bian Ming , Gong Guo‐Hua
Published: July 2015

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Aminocarbazoles in Heterocyclic Synthesis
Authors: Reddy P. Narayana , Padmaja Pannala
Published: July 2015

Review: 108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization and Determination of Fullerenes: A Critical Review
Authors: Astefanei Alina , Nunez Oscar , Galceran Maria Teresa
Published: July 2015

Review: 167 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Background Story of the Invention of Efficient InGaN Blue‐Light‐Emitting Diodes (Nobel Lecture)
Authors: Nakamura Shuji
Published: July 2015

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Carbon Nanomaterial Sensors
Authors: Baptista Frederico R. , Belhout S. A. , Giordani S. , Quinn S. J.
Published: July 2015

Review: 245 refs.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Hafnium(IV) Oxide on Graphene Oxide: Probing Interfacial Chemistry and Nucleation by using X‐ray Absorption and Photoelectron Spectroscopies
Authors: Alivio Theodore E. G. , De Jesus Luis R. , Dennis Robert V. , Jia Ye , Jaye Cherno , Fischer Daniel A. , Singisetti Uttam , Banerjee Sarbajit
Published: July 2015

Interfacing graphene with metal oxides is of considerable technological importance for modulating carrier density through electrostatic gating as well as for the design of earth‐abundant electrocatalysts. Herein, we probe the early stages of the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of HfO2 on graphene oxide using a combination of C and O K‐edge near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopies and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Dosing with water is observed to promote defunctionalization of graphene oxide as a result of the reaction between water and hydroxyl/epoxide species, which yields carbonyl groups that further react with migratory epoxide species to release CO2. The carboxylates formed by the reaction of carbonyl and epoxide species facilitate binding of Hf precursors to graphene oxide surfaces. The ALD process is accompanied by recovery of the π‐conjugated framework of graphene. The delineation of binding modes provides a means to rationally assemble 2D heterostructures.
Three‐Ring‐Based Room‐Temperature Bent‐Core Nematic Compounds: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Mohiuddin Golam , Punjani Vidhika , Pal Santanu Kumar
Published: July 2015

We report the synthesis and characterization of a new class of achiral three‐ring bent‐core compounds with an amide and ester linkage at the molecular bend, which are shown to exhibit nematic/phases in wide temperature ranges around room temperature (RT) and undulated SmC phases below RT. In contrast to previous studies, the compounds reported in this Communication show a true RT nematic phase with fluid physical appearance. They show strong photoluminescence in the mesophase and are found to display a one‐dimensional array of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Furthermore, the nematic phases exhibited by these compounds show a good homeotropic alignment that can be exploited in applications such as optics and sensing. Considering the scarcity of bent‐core materials exhibiting an RT nematic mesophase, this new class of materials is promising.
Developmental changes in infant brain activity during naturalistic social experiences
Authors: Jones Emily J. H. , Venema Kaitlin , Lowy Rachel , Earl Rachel K. , Webb Sara Jane
Published: July 2015

Between 6 and 12 months, typically developing infants undergo a socio‐cognitive “revolution.” The Interactive Specialization (IS) theory of brain development predicts that these behavioral changes will be underpinned by developmental increases in the power and topographic extent of socially selective cortical responses. To test this hypothesis, we used EEG to examine developmental changes in cortical selectivity for ecologically valid dynamic social versus non‐social stimuli in a large cohort of 6‐ and 12‐month‐old infants. Consistent with the Interactive Specialization model, results showed that differences in EEG Θ activity between social and non‐social stimuli became more pronounced and widespread with age. Differences in EEG activity were most clearly elicited by a live naturalistic interaction, suggesting that measuring brain activity in ecologically valid contexts is central to mapping social brain development in infancy. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 842–853, 2015.
A dual‐axis approach to understanding neuroendocrine development
Authors: Shirtcliff Elizabeth A. , Dismukes Andrew R. , Marceau Kristine , Ruttle Paula L. , Simmons Julian G. , Han Georges
Published: July 2015

This introduction sets out to present a series of paper about a novel perspective regarding stress and sex hormones, or what the authors within this special issue term “coupling” of hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal and—gonadal axes. This view postulates that these axes do not necessarily operate in opposition, but can operate together as evidenced empirically as a positive within‐person association between stress hormones like cortisol or sex hormones like testosterone. A wealth of papers within the special issue demonstrate positive coupling across acute, diurnal, basal, and longitudinal timeframes and across several different types of contexts. Reviews were meant to challenge whether this was physiologically plausible. Consistently, sophisticated statistical models were utilized in order to show a template for how to model positive coupling and to ensure that coupling was a within‐person phenomenon. We cautiously considered positive coupling until the consistency of observing coupling was robust enough for us to consider challenging the prevailing oppositional view of these axes. We do so to acknowledge that there are contexts, moments and stages in which the function of these axes should work together: for example when contexts are both stressful and challenging or at developmental stages (like adolescence) in which the youth must grow up despite the storm and stress of youth. We hope that by putting forward a functional dual‐axis approach, the field will be able to consider when and how these axes work together. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 643–653, 2015.
Using the phenoscape knowledgebase to relate genetic perturbations to phenotypic evolution
Authors: Manda Prashanti , Balhoff James P. , Lapp Hilmar , Mabee Paula , Vision Todd J.
Published: July 2015

The abundance of phenotypic diversity among species can enrich our knowledge of development and genetics beyond the limits of variation that can be observed in model organisms. The Phenoscape Knowledgebase (KB) is designed to enable exploration and discovery of phenotypic variation among species. Because phenotypes in the KB are annotated using standard ontologies, evolutionary phenotypes can be compared with phenotypes from genetic perturbations in model organisms. To illustrate the power of this approach, we review the use of the KB to find taxa showing evolutionary variation similar to that of a query gene. Matches are made between the full set of phenotypes described for a gene and an evolutionary profile, the latter of which is defined as the set of phenotypes that are variable among the daughters of any node on the taxonomic tree. Phenoscape's semantic similarity interface allows the user to assess the statistical significance of each match and flags matches that may only result from differences in annotation coverage between genetic and evolutionary studies. Tools such as this will help meet the challenge of relating the growing volume of genetic knowledge in model organisms to the diversity of phenotypes in nature. The Phenoscape KB is available at http://kb.phenoscape.org. genesis 53:561–571, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Challenging the two concepts in determining the appropriate pre‐discharge N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide treatment target in acute decompensated heart failure patients: absolute or relative discharge levels?
Authors: Stienen Susan , Salah Khibar , Eurlings Luc W.M. , Bettencourt Paulo , Pimenta Joana M. , Metra Marco , Bayes‐Genis Antoni , Verdiani Valerio , Bettari Luca , Lazzarini Valentina , Tijssen Jan P. , Pinto Yigal M. , Kok Wouter E.M.
Published: July 2015

Aims

NT‐proBNP is a strong predictor for readmissions and mortality in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) patients. We assessed whether absolute or relative NT‐proBNP levels should be used as pre discharge treatment target.

Methods and results

Our study population was assembled from seven ADHF cohorts. We defined absolute (<1500, <3000, <5000, and <15 000 ng/L) and relative NT‐proBNP targets (>30, >50, and >70%). Population attributable risk fraction (PARF) is the proportion of all‐cause 6‐month mortality in the population that would be reduced if all patients attain the NT‐proBNP target. PARF was determined for each target as well as the percentage of patients attaining the NT‐proBNP target. Attainability was investigated by logistic regression analysis. A total of 1266 patients [age 74 (64–80), 60% male] was studied. For every absolute NT‐proBNP level, a corresponding percentage reduction was found that resulted in similar PARFs. The highest PARF (∼60–70%) was observed for <1500 or >70%, but attainability was low (27% and 22%, respectively). The strongest predictor for not attaining these targets was admission NT‐proBNP. In admission NT‐proBNP tertiles, PARFs were significantly different for absolute, but not for relative targets.

Conclusion

In an ADHF population, pre‐discharge absolute or relative NT‐proBNP targets may both be useful as they have similar effects on PARF. However, depending on admission NT‐proBNP, absolute targets show varying PARFs, while PARFs for relative targets were similar. A relative target is predicted to reduce mortality consistently across the whole spectrum of ADHF patients, while this is not the case using a single absolute target.
Quantitative Analysis of a Promising Cancer Biomarker, Calretinin, by a Biosensing System Based on Simple and Effective Immobilization Process
Authors: Asav Engin , Sağıroğlu Ayten , Sezgintürk Mustafa Kemal
Published: July 2015

Calretinin (CAL) is calcium binding protein, and its levels in blood and cerebrospinal fluids are increased, since its expression is increased various cancer types. A novel biosensor system fabricated by immobilization of a specific antibody to CAL, anti‐Calretinin (anti‐CAL), onto a gold electrode surface via an effective covalent binding method using mercaptohexanol, epichlorohydrin, and ethanolamine was reported for the sensitive, selective, and accurate analysis of CAL. The proposed biosensor showed a linear calibration range between 1 ng/mL and 5 ng/mL. LOD and LOQ values were determined as 0.11 ng/mL and 0.38 ng/mL, respectively. The standard deviation related to the reproducibility of the new biosensor system was calculated as 3.95 %. Lastly, in order to state the applicability of the biosensor to early diagnosis of CAL in practice, artificial serum samples spiked with CAL have been analyzed by the proposed biosensor.
Effect of Poly(amine)s on the Redox Properties of Carboxymethylcellulose and Ferrocene‐modified Poly(amine) Layer‐by‐Layer Films
Authors: Aikawa Yu , Watanabe Takumi , Minaki Daichi , Takahashi Shigehiro , Wang Baozhen , Anzai Jun‐ichi
Published: July 2015

Multilayer films consisting of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and ferrocene‐modified poly(ethyleneimine) (Fc‐PEI) or poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (Fc‐PAH) were successfully prepared on a gold electrode to examine their redox properties. The redox current of (Fc‐PEI/CMC)n film‐coated electrodes increased with the number of layers, while the (Fc‐PAH/CMC)n film‐coated electrodes exhibited increased response only for the first eight bilayers. The (Fc‐PEI/CMC)n and (Fc‐PAH/CMC)n films deposited on the surface of Fc‐free multilayer film‐coated electrodes also showed a redox response. The (PEI/CMC)5 film‐coated electrode showed redox responses in Fc‐PEI and Fc‐PAH solutions, confirming the uptake of the Fc‐polymers in the inner film. In contrast, the uptake of the Fc‐polymers in the (PAH/CMC)5 film was severely suppressed, suggesting that different permeability of (PEI/CMC)5 and (PAH/CMC)5 films.
Production of ethanol and biomass from thin stillage by Neurospora intermedia: A pilot study for process diversification
Authors: Ferreira Jorge A. , Lennartsson Patrik R. , Taherzadeh Mohammad J.
Published: July 2015

Dry mill ethanol processes produce ethanol and animal feed from whole grains, where the wastewater after the distillation and separation of solid materials is called “thin stillage.” In this work, similar production of ethanol (3.5 g/L) and biomass (5 g/L) from thin stillage was obtained during batch cultivation of the edible fungus Neurospora intermedia in a 2‐m high airlift reactor and bubble column. The fungal biomass, containing 50% w/w protein and 12% w/w lipids, was rich in essential amino acids and omega‐3 and ‐6 fatty acids. In a continuous mode of fermentation, dilution rates of up to 0.2 h−1 could be applied without cell washout in the bubble column at 0.5 vvm. At 0.1 h−1, around 5 g/L of ethanol and 4 g/L of biomass containing ca. 50% w/w protein were produced. The fungus was able to assimilate saccharides in the liquid fraction as well as sugar backbones such as xylan and arabinan in the solid fraction. The inclusion of the current process could potentially lead to the production of 11 000 m3 of ethanol (5.5% improvement vs. normal industrial process) and around 6300 tons of high‐quality biomass for animal feed at a typical facility producing 200 000 m3 ethanol per year.
High surface area rice husk‐based activated carbon prepared by chemical activation with ZnCl2‐CuCl2 composite activator
Authors: Liu Bin , Gu Jie , Zhou Jianbin
Published: July 2015

In this study, rice husks (RHs), an agriculture by‐product, were used as precursor for the production of activated carbon by chemical activation with ZnCl2‐CuCl2 composite activator. The effect of process variables, such as ZnCl2 concentration, CuCl2 concentration, activation temperature, and activation time, were investigated. The optimal process condition was obtained through orthogonal test. Then the morphology, pore structure, and surface chemistry of rice husk‐based activated carbon (RAC) were analyzed. When using 5 mol/L ZnCl2 and 0.4 mol/L CuCl2 at the carbonization temperature of 500°C for 1.5 h, the BET surface area of the produced activated carbon was as high as 1924 m2/g and the total pole volume reached 1.493 cm3/g. The surface area was strongly affected by ZnCl2 concentration and the subsequent activation temperature. RAC prepared under the optimum conditions had remarkable adsorptive properties and notable treatment effect for fuchsine. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 133–140, 2016
Energy and water use for drip‐irrigated potato in the Middle Anatolian region of Turkey
Authors: Yavuz Duran , Suheri Sinan , Yavuz Nurcan
Published: July 2015

This study was conducted to determine the energy consumption and the relationship between energy input and yield for drip‐irrigated potato under Middle Anatolian climatic conditions in Konya, Turkey. Also, the specific amount of energy consumed in irrigation was determined for both surface water and ground water sources. The experiment was carried out during the growing periods of 2008 and 2009. The results showed that total energy inputs were 63,222 MJ ha−1. About 62% of the total energy inputs in potato production were found to be indirect energy (seeds, fertilizers, chemicals, machinery, and polyethylene pipe) and 38% was direct energy (human labor, electricity, and diesel). Irrigation consumed the most energy, accounting for 43.8% of total energy inputs. Amongst the direct energy inputs, irrigation had the maximum share of direct energy viz. 15,473 MJ ha−1, which was almost 65% of direct energy input. Specific energy consumption of a drip irrigation system that takes water from surface and ground water sources was found to be 1.85 and 2.53 MJ m−3 respectively. When the per unit volume of irrigation water was applied to the field, the specific energy consumption of drip systems was higher for ground water than surface water sources, and the difference between those systems was about 37%. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 212–220, 2016
High‐accuracy upwind method using improved characteristics speeds for incompressible flows
Authors: Abdollahi Iman , Zamzamian Kamiar , Fathollahi Reza
Published: July 2015

In this study, the Nervier–Stokes equations for incompressible flows, modified by the artificial compressibility method, are investigated numerically. To calculate the convective fluxes, a new high‐accuracy characteristics‐based (HACB) scheme is presented in this paper. Comparing the HACB scheme with the original characteristic‐based method, it is found that the new proposed scheme is more accurate and has faster convergence rate than the older one. The second order averaging scheme is used for estimating the viscose fluxes, and spatially discretized equations are integrated in time by an explicit fourth‐order Runge–Kutta scheme. The lid driven cavity flow and flow in channel with a backward facing step have been used as benchmark problems. It is shown that the obtained results using HACB scheme are in good agreement with the standard solutions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of some processing parameters and quality attributes of fried snacks from blends of wheat flour and brewers' spent cassava flour
Authors: Omidiran Adebukola T. , Sobukola Olajide P. , Sanni Ajoke , Adebowale Abdul‐Rasaq A. , Obadina Olusegun A. , Sanni Lateef O. , Tomlins Keith , Wolfgang Tosch
Published: July 2015

The effect of some processing parameters (frying temperature [140–160°C], frying time [2–4 min], level of brewers' spent cassava flour (BSCF) [20–40%], and thickness [2–4 mm]) on some quality attributes of wheat‐BSCF fried snack was investigated. Response surface methodology based on Box–Behnken design was used to optimize the effect of process parameters on product quality. Sensory evaluation of the optimized sample to determine its level of acceptability was carried out as well as the comparison with fried snack from 100% wheat flour. Increasing temperature had significant (P < 0.05) negative effect on the texture. Based on the desirability (0.771) concept, a frying temperature of 140 °C, frying time of 4 min, 32% level of BSCF, and 2 mm thickness was obtained as the optimized conditions. Sensory analyses showed that the optimized sample was preferred in terms of texture and its oiliness to fried snack prepared from 100% wheat flour, but, the aroma, taste and appearance of the wheat snack were preferred.
Neural activity patterns evoked by a spouse's incongruent emotional reactions when recalling marriage‐relevant experiences
Authors: Petrican Raluca , Rosenbaum Rachel Shayna , Grady Cheryl
Published: July 2015

Resonance with the inner states of another social actor is regarded as a hallmark of emotional closeness. Nevertheless, sensitivity to potential incongruities between one's own and an intimate partner's subjective experience is reportedly also important for close relationship quality. Here, we tested whether perceivers show greater neurobehavioral responsiveness to a spouse's positive (rather than negative) context‐incongruent emotions, and whether this effect is influenced by the perceiver's satisfaction with the relationship. Thus, we used fMRI to scan older long‐term married female perceivers while they judged either their spouse's or a stranger's affect, based on incongruent nonverbal and verbal cues. The verbal cues were selected to evoke strongly polarized affective responses. Higher perceiver marital satisfaction predicted greater neural processing of the spouse's (rather than the strangers) nonverbal cues. Nevertheless, across all perceivers, greater neural processing of a spouse's (rather than a stranger's) nonverbal behavior was reliably observed only when the behavior was positive and the context was negative. The spouse's positive (rather than negative) nonverbal behavior evoked greater activity in putative mirror neuron areas, such as the bilateral inferior parietal lobule (IPL). This effect was related to a stronger inhibitory influence of cognitive control areas on mirror system activity in response to a spouse's negative nonverbal cues, an effect that strengthened with increasing perceiver marital satisfaction. Our valence‐asymmetric findings imply that neurobehavioral responsiveness to a close other's emotions may depend, at least partly, on cognitive control resources, which are used to support the perceiver's interpersonal goals (here, goals that are relevant to relationship stability). Hum Brain Mapp 36:4164–4183, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of prospective thinking on intertemporal choice: The role of familiarity
Authors: Sasse Laura K. , Peters Jan , Büchel Christian , Brassen Stefanie
Published: July 2015

Imagining future events while performing an intertemporal choice task can attenuate the devaluation of future rewards. Here, we investigated whether this effect and its neural basis depend on the degree of personal prior experience associated with the simulated future scenarios. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was combined with a modified intertemporal choice task in which the delayed options were either purely monetary, or linked with a social event. Subject‐specific events differed regarding familiarity, that is, meeting a close, familiar person or a celebrity in a café. In line with recent hypotheses on episodic construction, the simulation of future familiar and unfamiliar events equally attenuated delay discounting behavior in comparison with the control condition and both were imagined with similar richness. Imaging data, however, indicate that these results rely on differential neural activation patterns. The hippocampus was particularly involved in the simulation of unfamiliar future scenarios, probably reflecting enhanced construction processes when personal experience with similar past events is lacking. Consequently, functional coupling of the hippocampus with neural valuation signals in the anterior cingulate cortex predicted the subjective value only of rewards offered in the unfamiliar context. In contrast, valuation of rewards in a familiar context was predicted by activation in key nodes of emotional and autobiographical memory retrieval and dynamically modulated by frontal‐striatal connectivity. The present data emphasize that the mechanisms underlying neural valuation of prospective rewards largely depend on the pre‐experience with the context in which they are offered. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4210–4221, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transgenic mouse models generated by hydrodynamic transfection for genetic studies of liver cancer and preclinical testing of anti‐cancer therapy
Authors: Ju Hye‐Lim , Han Kwang‐Hyub , Lee Jong Doo , Ro Simon Weonsang
Published: July 2015

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide; however, the genetic mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis are incompletely understood. Genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models of HCC have been developed to elucidate the role of individual cancer‐related genes in hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the expensive and time‐consuming processes related to generating a GEM model discourage the development of diverse genotype models. Recently, a simple and inexpensive liver‐specific transgenic approach was developed, in which a hydrodynamics‐based transfection (HT) method was coupled with the Sleeping Beauty transposase system. Various HT models in which different oncogenic pathways are activated and/or tumor‐suppressing pathways inactivated have been developed in recent years. The applicability of HT models in liver cancer research is expected to broaden and ultimately elucidate the cooperation between oncogenic signaling pathways and aid in designing molecular therapy to target altered pathways.
Two‐phase olive mill waste (alpeorujo) as carbon source for biosurfactant production
Authors: Maass Danielle , Moya Ramírez Ignacio , García Román Miguel , Jurado Alameda Encarnación , Ulson de Souza Antônio Augusto , Borges Valle Jose Alexandre , Altmajer Vaz Deisi
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND

The olive oil extraction process currently used in Spain and other Mediterranean countries generates large amounts of a semi‐solid by‐product known as ‘alpeorujo’ or ‘two‐phase olive mill waste’ (TPOMW). Although TPOMW can be a source of valuable compounds, it is mostly dried and burnt to produce energy. This paper, and for the first time, reports the use of TPOMW as the main carbon source for the production of surfactin, a high added value biosurfactant, by Bacillus subtilis DSM 3256.

RESULTS

Bacillus subtilis DSM 3256 was able to grow on TPOMW, the surface tension of the culture medium being reduced to 30.1 ± 0.9 mN m−1. FTIR and mass spectrometry determinations confirmed that the biosurfactant produced was surfactin. The highest surfactin concentration was obtained after 36 h fermentation, and the product yield from biomass (YP/X) was 0.068 g g−1. Part of the phenolic compounds of TPOMW was extracted with the biosurfactant.

CONCLUSION

Two‐phase olive mill waste can be used as the main carbon source for the production of surfactin. Surfactin yield from biomass was similar to that achieved with other bacterial strains and carbon sources. The biosurfactant was successfully applied to the remediation of sandy soils contaminated with engine oil. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Transperineal implantation of gold fiducial markers (gold seeds) for prostate image‐guided radiation therapy: a feasible technique associated with a low risk of complications
Authors: Saad Akram , Goldstein Jeffrey , Lawrence Yaacov Richard , Weiss Ilana , Saad Rasha , Spieler Benjamin , Symon Zvi
Published: July 2015

Introduction

The purpose is to describe the method, safety and efficacy of transperineal gold seed placement for image‐guided radiation therapy.

Methods

An ethics committee approved database was used to review records of consecutive patients from October 2008 through December 2013, who underwent transperineal implantation of three gold markers into the prostate using staged local anaesthesia and transrectal ultrasound. Seeds were counted on radiographs from CT simulation, first treatment and last treatment. Retention and use of at least three markers for kV/kV matching was considered a successful implant. A visual analogue scale (VAS) pain assessment was performed. SAS was used for data analysis.

Results

Fiducial marker placement was successful for kV/kV matching in 556/581 patients (95.7%). The procedure was aborted due to pain in two patients. Additional sedation during the procedure was required in two patients. Complications include urinary infections (2 patients, <0.5%) and transient haematuria (2 patients, <0.5%). There were no recorded calls requesting additional pain medication or delays in radiation due to complications. The number of seeds identified at simulation: 4 (2 patients), 3 (554 patients), 2 (21 patients), 1 (1 patient), 0 (1 patient). One patient with three seeds and two patients with <2 seeds had cone beam CT instead of kV/kV imaging for image guidance. No seeds were lost after simulation. The mean visual analogue pain score associated with transperineal gold seed insertion met patients' expectations (respectively 4.1 vs. 4.4 P = 0.19).

Conclusion

Outpatient transperineal insertion of fiducials avoids the rectum, is effective, convenient, well tolerated and has few side effects.
Local bone quality affects the outcome of prosthetic total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Huang Chuan‐Ching , Jiang Ching‐Chuan , Hsieh Chang‐Hsun , Tsai Chia‐Jung , Chiang Hongsen
Published: July 2015

Osteoporosis and osteoarthritis commonly coexist in the elderly. In patients undergoing prosthetic total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the bone quality around the knee joint may affect the safety of prosthetic implantation and consequently satisfaction with the surgical outcome. We recruited 50 postmenopausal women undergoing TKA for primary osteoarthritis; 43 completed the study protocol. The bone quality parameters of the operated knee, including bone mineral density assessed using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and microarchitecture variables assessed using micro‐computed tomography, were determined. Surgical outcomes were assessed according to immediate (<1 week) postoperative pain quantified using the visual analog scale and knee function quantified using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) at 2 and 6 months postoperatively. The influence of bone quality parameters on surgical outcomes was analyzed using simple and multiple regression analyses. Volumetric bone mineral density (R2 = 0.187–0.234, p < 0.01), the structural model index (R2 = 0.103–0.181, p < 0.05), and trabecular separation (R2 = 0.289–0.424, p < 0.05) were significantly associated with postoperative pain and improvement according to the KOOS. In conclusion, local bone quality, including mineral content and microarchitecture, affects the surgical outcome of TKA. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:240–248, 2016.
Characterization of curdlan produced by Agrobacterium sp. IFO 13140 cells immobilized in a loofa sponge matrix, and application of this biopolymer in the development of functional yogurt
Authors: Ortiz Martinez Camila , Pereira Ruiz Suelen , Carvalho Fenelon Vanderson , Rodrigues de Morais Gutierrez , Luciano Baesso Mauro , Matioli Graciette
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND

Agrobacterium sp. IFO 13140 cells were immobilized on a loofa sponge and used to produce curdlan over five successive cycles. The interaction between microbial cells and the loofa sponge as well as the produced curdlan were characterized by Fourier transform infrared‐attenuated total reflectance (FTIR‐ATR) spectrometry. The purity of the curdlan was also evaluated. The storage stability of the immobilized cells was assessed and the produced curdlan was used in a functional yogurt formulation.

RESULTS

The average curdlan production by immobilized cells was 17.84 g L−1. The presence of the microorganism in the sponge was confirmed and did not cause alterations in the matrix, and the chemical structure of the curdlan was the same as that of commercial curdlan. The purity of both was similar. The immobilized cells remained active after 300 days of storage at −18 °C. The use of the produced curdlan in a functional yogurt resulted in a product with lower syneresis.

CONCLUSION

A large number of cells physically adhered to the surface of loofa sponge fibers, and its use as an immobilization matrix to produce curdlan was effective. The use of the produced curdlan in yogurt allowed the development of a more stable product. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Lymphatic response to depilation‐induced inflammation in mouse ear assessed with label‐free optical lymphangiography
Authors: Qin Wan , Baran Utku , Wang Ruikang
Published: July 2015

Background and Objectives

Optical microangiography (OMAG) is a noninvasive technique capable of imaging 3D microvasculature. OMAG‐based optical lymphangiography has been developed for 3D visualization of lymphatic vessels without the need for exogenous contrast agents. In this study, we utilize the optical lymphangiography to investigate dynamic changes in lymphatic response within skin tissue to depilation‐induced inflammation by using mouse ear as a simple tissue model.

Materials and Methods

A spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) system is used in this study to acquire volumetric images of mouse ear. The system operates under the ultrahigh‐sensitive OMAG scanning protocol with five repetitions for each B frame. An improved adaptive‐threshold‐based method is proposed to segment lymphatic vessels from OCT microstructure images. Depilation is achieved by placing hair removal lotion on mouse ear pinna for 5 minutes. Three acquisitions are made before depilation, 3‐minute and 30‐minute post‐depilation, respectively.

Results

Right after the application of depilation lotion on the skin, we observe that the blind‐ended sacs of initial lymphatics are mainly visible in a specific area of the normal tissue. At 5 minutes, more collecting lymphatic vessels start to form, evidenced by their valve structure that only exists in collecting lymphatic vessels. The lymphangiogenesis is almost completed within 8 minutes in the inflammatory tissue.

Conclusions

Our experimental results demonstrate that the OMAG‐based optical lymphangiography has great potential to improve the understanding of lymphatic system in response to various physiological conditions, thus would benefit the development of effective therapeutics. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:669–676, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.