bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aligning Standards Communities: Sustainable Darwin Core MIxS Interoperability
Authors: Meyer Raïssa , Buttigieg Pier , Wieczorek John , Jeppesen Thomas , Duncan William , Gan Yi-Ming , Sweetlove Maxime , Suominen Saara , Sustainable Darwin Core MIxS Interoperability Task Group
Published: September 2021

Biodiversity is increasingly being assessed using omic technologies (e.g. metagenomics or metatranscriptomics); however, the metadata generated by omic investigations is not fully harmonised with that of the broader biodiversity community.

There are two major communities developing metadata standards specifications relevant to omic biodiversity data: TDWG, through its Darwin Core (DwC) standard, and the Genomic Standard Consortium (GSC), through its Minimum Information about any (x) Sequence (MIxS) checklists. To prevent these specifications leading to silos between the communities using them (e.g. INSDC: an internationally mandated database collaboration for nucleotide sequencing data [from health, biodiversity, microbiology, etc.] using the MIxS checklists; OBIS and GBIF: global biodiversity data networks using the DwC standard), there is a need to harmonise them at the level of the standards organisations themselves.

To this end, we have brought together representatives from these standardisation bodies, along with representatives from established biodiversity data infrastructures, domain experts, data generators, and publishers to develop sustainable interoperability between the two specifications. Together, we have:

generated a semantic mapping between the terminology used in each specification, and syntactic mapping of their associated values following the Simple Standard for Sharing Ontology Mappings (SSSOM), and

created an example MIxS-DwC extension showing the incorporation of unmapped MIxS terms into a DwC-Archive.

generated a semantic mapping between the terminology used in each specification, and syntactic mapping of their associated values following the Simple Standard for Sharing Ontology Mappings (SSSOM), and

created an example MIxS-DwC extension showing the incorporation of unmapped MIxS terms into a DwC-Archive.

To sustain these mechanisms of interoperability, we have proposed a Memorandum of Understanding between the GSC and TDWG. During our work, we also noted a number of key challenges that currently preclude interoperation between these two specifications.

In this talk, we will outline the major steps we took to get here, as well as the future activities we recommend based on our outputs.
Clarifying the nomenclatural history of Tovomitopsis, a Brazilian endemic genus of Clusiaceae
Authors: Marinho Lucas C. , Fiaschi Pedro , Amorim André M. , Bittrich Volker
Published: September 2021

Tovomitopsis Planch. & Triana is a Brazilian Atlantic Forest endemic genus composed of two species: T. paniculata (Spreng.) Planch. & Triana and T. saldanhae Engl. An investigation was conducted to clarify the nomenclatural history of Tovomitopsis. We report the results of this investigation, provide an updated description of the genus, and propose lectotypes for T. paniculata and its synonyms: Tovomita foliosa C.Presl and Tovomita paniculata Cambess. We also propose lectotypes for T. saldanhae and for the new synonym Clusia angustifolia Engl.
The termite genus Glyptotermes (Isoptera, Kalotermitidae) from Paraguay
Authors: Scheffrahn Rudolf H.
Published: September 2021

A 2012 termite expedition yielded the first species of Glyptotermes known from Paraguay, G. hickmanisp. nov. and G. canellae (Müller, 1873), the latter previously known from Argentina and Brazil. Both are described based on the soldier and imago castes.
Evaluation of a Patient-reported Frailty Tool in Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Lieber Sarah B. , Nahid Musarrat , Paget Stephen , Berman Jessica R. , Barbhaiya Medha , Sammaritano Lisa R. , Kirou Kyriakos , Carrino John A. , Rajan Mangala , Sheira Dina , Mandl Lisa A.
Published: September 2021

Objective

Frailty is associated with mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but how best to measure frailty is unclear. We aimed to compare 2 frailty metrics, the self-reported Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses, and Loss of weight (FRAIL) scale (FS) and the Fried phenotype (FP), in SLE to evaluate differences between frail and nonfrail women and whether frailty is associated with self-reported disability.

Methods

Adult women aged < 70 years with validated SLE and mild/moderate disease enrolled in this cross-sectional study between August 2018 and October 2019. Correlation and agreement between the FS and the FP were determined. Differences in sociodemographic and disease characteristics, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), and biomarkers between frail and nonfrail participants were evaluated, as well as the association of frailty with Valued Life Activities disability.

Results

Of 67 participants, 27% and 18% were frail according to the FS and the FP, respectively. Correlation (r= 0.51;P< 0.0001) and agreement (κ = 0.46;P= 0.0004) between the FS and the FP were significant. Frail women had greater disease damage, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and interleukin 6, and worse PROMs according to both frailty definitions. Both frailty measures were associated with self-reported disability after adjustment for age, comorbidity, and disease activity and damage; this relationship was attenuated for the FP.

Conclusion

Frailty prevalence was high in this cohort of women with SLE using both frailty definitions, suggesting that frailty may be accelerated in women with SLE, particularly when based exclusively on self-report. Frailty remained associated with self-reported disability in adjusted analyses. The FS may be an informative point-of-care tool to identify frail women with SLE.
What Represents Treatment Efficacy in Long-term Studies of Gout Flare Prevention? An Interview Study of People With Gout
Authors: Holyer Jeremy , Garcia-Guillen Andrea , Taylor William J. , Gaffo Angelo L. , Gott Merryn , Slark Julia , Horne Anne , Su Isabel , Dalbeth Nicola , Stewart Sarah
Published: September 2021

Objective

The patient experience of gout flares is multidimensional, with several contributing factors including pain intensity, duration, and frequency. There is currently no consistent method for reporting gout flare burden in long-term studies. This study aimed to determine which factors contribute to patient perceptions of treatment efficacy in long-term studies of gout flare prevention.

Methods

This study involved face-to-face interviews with people with gout using visual representations of gout flare patterns. Participants were shown different flare scenarios over a hypothetical 6-month treatment period that portrayed varying flare frequency, pain intensity, and flare duration. The participants were asked to indicate and discuss which scenario they believed was most indicative of successful treatment over time. Quantitative data relating to the proportion of participants selecting each scenario were reported using descriptive statistics. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to code and categorize the data from the interview transcripts.

Results

Twenty-two people with gout participated in the semistructured interviews. All 3 factors of pain intensity, flare duration, and flare frequency influenced participants’ perception of treatment efficacy. However, a shorter flare duration was the most common indicator of successful treatment, with half of participants (n = 11, 50%) selecting the scenario with a shorter flare duration over those with less painful flares.

Conclusion

Flare duration, flare frequency, and pain severity are all taken into account by patients with gout when considering treatment efficacy over time. Long-term studies of gout should ideally capture all these factors to better represent patients’ experience of treatment success.
Validity of the Clinical Frailty Scale in Korean older patients at a geriatric clinic
Authors: Jung Hee-Won , Jang Il-Young , Back Ji Yeon , Park Seunghyun , Park Chan MI , Han Seung Jun , Lee Eunju
Published: September 2021

Background/Aims: We aimed to assess the validity of the Korean translated version of the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) in determining the frailty status in geriatric outpatients.Methods: The records of 123 ambulatory outpatients who had undergone CFS and comprehensive geriatric assessments (CGAs) including measurements for the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) frailty scale and the frailty index (CGA-FI) were analyzed. Correlations between CFS, CHS frailty scale, and CGA-FI were assessed. The ability of CFS to classify frailty status was calculated using the CHS frailty scale and CGA-FI as references.Results: The mean CFS score was 3.2 in the study population, with a mean age of 77.49 years (45.5% men). Individuals with higher CFS scores were older, had a greater burden of chronic diseases, and worse daily functions and cognitive performance. CFS scores positively correlated with CGA-FI (B = 0.78, p < 0.001) and CHS frailty scale (B = 0.67, p < 0.001) scores. For CFS, C-statistics to classify frailty by CGA-FI and CHS scale were 0.905 and 0.826, respectively. The cut-off value of CFS ≥ 4 maximized Youden’s J to classify frailty by both the CHS scale and CGAFI.Conclusions: The CFS is a valid screening tool to assess the frailty status in outpatients of a geriatric clinic in Korea. As a simple and quick measure, the CFS may facilitate frailty assessments in real-world clinical practice.
La créativité du « devenir parent » au risque de l’enfant qui n’est pas né vivant
Authors: Rambeaud-Collin Delphine , Bourdet-Loubère Sylvie
Published: September 2021

Lors d’une mort fœtale, la confrontation à un enfant né sans vie, la difficulté à constituer des souvenirs et le poids du regard social souvent évitant, banalisant, complexifient l’élaboration parentale de l’existence dans la réalité externe de ce bébé. A partir d’une relecture des travaux winnicottiens, notamment sa conceptualisation de la créativité, nous proposons de penser l’accompagnement de ces parents dans l’objectif de favoriser un (ré)investissement narcissique et objectal.
Le silence du deuil
Authors: Sellier-Mesnard Emile
Published: September 2021

Les vivants, la mort incarne-t-elle une rupture dans la trame de l’existence, ou, au contraire, permet-elle de renouer avec la vie ? Le deuil serait-il donc un repli protecteur ou l’ouverture la plus totale face au silence auquel il nous confronte ? Dès lors, le deuil se manifesterait tantôt comme un isolement du moi combattant la perte, tantôt comme une solitude traduisant l’état d’adhésion le plus profond de soi à la réalité, c’est-à-dire au silence qui nous entoure.
La désignation paternelle au prisme de la traduction : L’homme qui crachait dans ses mains
Authors: Mascarou Alain
Published: September 2021

L’auteur s’interroge sur « la désignation paternelle » à travers le paradigme de la traduction/trahison. Il relit un de ses essais qui reconstruit l’évolution d’un rapport conflictuel père-fils à travers la traduction, expérience d’autant plus complexe pour l’auteur qu’envers celui qu’il traduit, Bilge Karasu, il se sent dans la posture du disciple et du traître. La réactivation de la langue du père, l’occitan, par la langue à traduire, le turc, interfère sur la configuration père-fils au point de l’ouvrir à l’expérience de l’étranger. Les circonstances de la mort du père, son implication dans le premier essai du fils, ont permis le départ de celui-ci. Celles de la rencontre de la langue étrangère l’ont ramené à la langue du père qui intervient en tant qu’intermédiaire entre langue source et langue cible. Le père guide l’apprentissage de l’écriture de soi et de l’autre en révélant la créativité de cette autre langue à traduire, le silence, dans lequel s’enfermait son père à lui.
Un salariat sans droit ?
Authors: Delpierre Alizée
Published: September 2021

Longtemps exclu du droit du travail, activité peu valorisée et qui engage des populations souvent vulnérables sur le marché du travail, le travail domestique effectué au domicile d’autrui a généralement été décrit comme un travail aux marges du salariat et sujet à l’exploitation. Pourtant, depuis plusieurs décennies, à travers le monde, des cadres législatifs internationaux et nationaux ont été définis pour réguler la domesticité et en protéger la main-d’œuvre. Comment s’expriment-ils dans les maisons où travaillent les employé·es domestiques ? À partir du cas de la France, dont le secteur des services à la personne s’est structuré autour de conventions collectives et d’institutions qui contribuent à formaliser la domesticité, cet article interroge la place du droit dans la construction des rapports de travail entre employeur·es et employé·es. Il s’appuie sur un terrain de recherche conduit auprès de personnes très fortuné·es ayant recours à du personnel de maison à temps plein. L’article montre que, dans cette forme de domesticité, employeur·es et employé·es s’arrangent avec le droit pour établir elles et eux-mêmes les rapports de travail : le droit n’est pas absent de leurs relations, mais ses usages sont à leur entière discrétion, laissant une place réduite aux cadres légaux du travail et à sa régulation extérieure.
How do cyber- and traditional workplace bullying, organizational justice and social support, affect psychological distress among civil servants?
Authors: Desrumaux Pascale , Hellemans Catherine , Malola Pascal , Jeoffrion Christine
Published: September 2021

Le harcèlement moral au travail concentre une synergie d’agissements et de techniques nocives visant à isoler, humilier, maltraiter ou terroriser psychologiquement des personnes au travail (Desrumaux, 2011 ; Einarsen et al., 2011). Le cyber-harcèlement a les mêmes objectifs mais recourt à des technologies et des dispositifs de communication digitaux. Ces deux types de harcèlements ont des conséquences destructrices sur la personne et affectent sa santé mentale générant de la détresse. Or certaines ressources telles que la justice organisationnelle (Colquitt, 2001) et les soutiens perçus (Desrumaux et al., 2018) sont susceptibles de préserver la personne de la détresse. Cette étude examine les effets du harcèlement moral au travail traditionnel et du cyber harcèlement au travail, de la justice organisationnelle et du soutien social sur la détresse psychologique. À l’aide d’un devis transversal, nous avons soumis un questionnaire en ligne à 179 fonctionnaires français. Basées sur la méthode de Hayes et Preacher (2014), les analyses ont indiqué que la justice organisationnelle, et, spécifiquement, la justice interpersonnelle, étaient des médiateurs partiels de la relation entre le harcèlement traditionnel et la détresse psychologique. Le soutien du superviseur était un médiateur partiel de la relation entre le harcèlement traditionnel et la détresse psychologique, et un médiateur total de la relation entre le cyber-harcèlement et la détresse psychologique. Au niveau des implications, l’effet indirect du soutien du superviseur entre les formes traditionnelles et digitales de harcèlement et la détresse psychologique montre le rôle majeur de la hiérarchie dans la prévention des effets du harcèlement. Enfin, la justice organisationnelle en tant que médiateur constitue une voie intéressante, suggérant qu’il est essentiel de prévenir les conséquences néfastes du harcèlement traditionnel et du cyber harcèlement En particulier, l’étude indique le rôle majeur de la justice interpersonnelle entre le harcèlement et la détresse. La prévention devra insister sur l’importance de développer des valeurs de compréhension et de considération dans l’entreprise. La communication, les relations respectueuses et, par-dessus tout, le soutien des superviseurs sont des solutions essentielles à mettre en place pour diminuer la détresse psychologique au travail.
Du salon à la scène : l’ascension des femmes et du piano au Brésil du vingtième siècle
Authors: Vasconcellos de Carvalho Dalila
Published: September 2021

Dans cet article, nous analysons comment Guiomar Novaes (1894-1979), Antonietta Rudge (1885-1974) et Magda Tagliaferro (1893-1986) sont devenues les premières concertistes du Brésil et les raisons pour lesquelles des femmes, plutôt que des hommes, furent les premières à atteindre ce statut dans un contexte marqué par deux normes sociales de la fin du dix-neuvième siècle qui rendaient presque impossible une telle carrière : les restrictions de genre, confinant les femmes à pratiquer le piano de façon dilettante, et l’émergence tardive de récitals de piano. Nous pouvons mieux comprendre leur ascension en considérant de façon parallèle les trajectoires d’autres pianistes comme Ernesto Nazareth (1863-1934), Luiza Leonardo (1859-1934), Chiquinha Gonzaga (1847-1935) et Souza Lima (1898-1982).
Feminism Unfolding: Negotiating In/Visibility of Mexican Feminist Aesthetic Practices within Contemporary Exhibitions
Authors: McCutcheon Erin L.
Published: September 2021

Recent gestures in feminist and Latin American exhibitions do not sufficiently account for the unique position of Latin American artists engaging with feminist aesthetic practices. Looking to the space given Mexican artists in three recent blockbuster exhibitions, I demonstrate that the resulting curatorial constructions activate art historical mythologies that work to further solidify exclusion from the international art world. In examining the effects these in/visibilities have on collective knowledge of Latin American feminist art histories, I ultimately suggest possibilities for change rooted in critical and conceptual cartographies that speak both from and to feminism’s folds, activating intergenerational networks vital to maintaining feminism’s unfolding historical and contemporary relevance.
Entrevista a Laura Malosetti
Authors: Dorotinsky Alperstein Deborah , Malosetti Laura
Published: September 2021

Laura Malosetti es reconocida a nivel internacional como una Historiadora del Arte Argentino y Latinoamericano con una trayectoria importantísima en los estudios de género. Laura Malosetti es doctora en filosofía y Letras con orientación en Historia del Arte por la Universidad de Buenos Aires desde el año 2000. Su tesis doctoral “Imágenes para un proyecto de civilización. Condiciones de la producción artística en Buenos Aires (1876-1896)” fue dirigida por el Dr. José Emilio Burucúa. La Dra. Malosetti es actualmente Investigadora principal del CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), directora de la Maestría en Historia del Arte Argentino y Latinoamericano en el Instituto de Altos Estudios Sociales (IDAES) de la Universidad Nacional General San Martín donde además es profesora titular de la cátedra de “Problemas del arte argentino y latinoamericano del siglo XIX”. Es miembro del Centro Argentino de Investigadores en Artes (CAIA), de la Asociación Internacional de Críticos de Arte (AICA),el International Association for Word and Image Studies (IAWIS) y de la Association for Latin American Art (ALAA). A participado como integrante y directora de numerosos proyectos subsidiados en la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBACYT) y la Fundación Getty entre otros. Autora de varios libros y artículos sobre arte argentino y latinoamericano, entre ello: Los primeros modernos. Arte y sociedad en Buenos Aires a Fines del siglo XIX (FCE), Cuadros de viaje (FCE) y Collivadino (El Ateneo). Co-editora de Arte de posguerra. Jorge Romero Brest y la revista Ver y Estimar y de Impresiones Porteñas. Imagen y palabra en la historia cultural de Buenos Aires. Investigadora visitante en las Universidades de Leeds y de East Anglia (UK), de la Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales y del Institut Nationale d’Histoire de l’Art (Paris); Profesora visitante de la Freie Universität de Berlín, Université de Paris Creteuil y la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, entre otras.
Effects of Foliar and Soil-Applied Liquid Organic Fertilizers on the Growth of Basella alba L. and Centella asiatica L.
Authors: Ranasinghe R. H. A. A. , Ratnayake R. M. C. S. , Kannangara B. T. S. D. P.
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Environmental-friendly organic fertilizers reduce the adverse impacts of chemical fertilizers. This study was conducted to formulate organic liquid fertilizers using selected plant materials i.e., Tithonia diversifolia, Mikania scandens, Chromolaena odorata and Gliricidia sepium with selected organic wastes to compare the efficacies of foliar and soil-applications over the growth of leafy vegetables; Basella alba and Centella asiatica. Research Method: Selected plant materials were allowed to decompose for two months and thereafter fish waste was hydrolyzed separately with fruit wastes of Carica papaya, Ananas comosus and (1:1 w/w) mixture of both were mixed and nutrients analyzed. Fertilizers were foliar and soil-applied separately on C. asiatica and B. alba in RCBD in pot trials. Findings: Fertilizer formulated with decomposed plants + fish waste hydrolyzed with C. papaya significantly recorded the highest N (0.57%), P (0.06%) and highest growth of C. asiatica and B. alba over both soil and foliar applications followed by the fertilizer formulated with decomposed plants + fish waste hydrolyzed with C. papaya + A. comosus. Foliar-application of B. alba significantly showed the highest growth than the soil-application [shoot height (36.6±3.4 cm vs 30.0±1.5 cm), number of leaves per plant (21.7±1.4 vs 17.5±0.8) and plant fresh-weight (61.5±1.8 vs 55.6±0.9 g)] whereas, C. asiatica indicated no significant difference considering both fertilizer application methods. Research limitation: Pot experiments were carried out to provide uniform soil conditions for the experiment which was the main limitation compared to field trials. Originality/value: The formulated novel fertilizers could be utilized effectively in organic farming for safe and healthy leafy vegetables which reduce the adverse impacts of chemical fertilizers.
Effect of Partial Replacement of Corn with Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) Flour on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens
Authors: Dayarathna Pradeep Kumara , Jayarathna Gayathree Nidarshika , Nawarathne Shan Randima , Jayasena Dinesh Darshaka , Dissanayake Sumudu Priyadarshani , Heo Jung Min , Nambapana Maleeka Nadeemale
Published: September 2021

Purpose: There is a need to explore the use of non-conventional, locally available and cheap energy-rich ingredients to substitute corn in broiler diets as it is used mainly for human consumption in developing countries. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of partial substitution of corn with breadfruit flour (BFF) in broiler diets on growth performances and meat quality in broiler chickens. Research Method: One hundred and eighty day-old straight-run “Cobb 500” broiler chicks (45.92 ± 0.43 g) were randomly allocated into one of three dietary treatments (Corn based basal diet with no BFF [Control], Corn-substituted basal diet with 5% BFF [BFF5], and Corn-substituted basal diet with 10% BFF [BFF10]) with six replications and 10 birds per replicate. Growth parameters including body weights, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and organ weights and meat quality parameters were determined. Findings: The broilers fed BFF10 significantly (P < 0.05) improved the body weight, average daily weight gain, and feed efficiency of broilers for the complete experimental period (d 1-35). Further, the same diet improved (P < 0.05) the average daily feed intake of broilers for the starter period (d 1-7) compared to the control diet. Furthermore, broilers fed BFF10 had a heavier (P < 0.05) heart, liver and empty intestine than those fed BFF5. Moreover, breast meat of broilers fed BFF10 had a significant (P < 0.05) lower crude fat content and CIE a* value than that of broilers fed other diets. Originality/value: Breadfruit flour would be a suitable non-conventional energy feed source to partly substitute corn in broiler diets up to 10% with improved growth performance and meat quality in broiler chickens.
Severity of Associated Weeds in Rabi Crops and their Control Measures Perceived by Farmers
Authors: Islam S. M. A. , Rana M. A. I. , Ahmed M. , Islam M. M.
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The study was conducted to identify the associated weeds of Rabi (winter) crops and their control measures used by the farmers at Dumuria and Batiaghata upazila in Khulna district of Bangladesh. Research Method: Data were collected from purposively selected 73 respondents using structured interview conducted from 4 January to 20 April, 2019. Findings: In the study area, Echinochloa crussgalli and Cynodon dactylon were found as dominant within rice fields with the highest severity index of 25.34% and 20.54% respectively. In sesame fields, Cucumis melo var. agrestis and Cynodon dactylon were found with 16.78% and 12.33% severity index respectively. The severity index of Cynodon dactylon was the highest in majority of the vegetable crops. The weeding of rice, potato, bitter gourd, spinach, country bean was done within the critical weeding regime but in the rest of the crops weeding was not done during the critical weeding regime. Originality/value: Farmers spend about 40% of the total production cost on weed control and the critical weeding regime has a major impact on effectiveness of weed control, overall economic benefit and net income.
Consumers' Willingness to Pay for Organic Fresh Milk in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almarri Amal , Al-Mahish Mohammed
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Consumption of organic food among consumers in Saudi Arabia has increased in recent times due to increased awareness of health benefits of organic food. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the average amount a consumer is willing to pay in Saudi Arabia for fresh organic milk. Research Method: This paper used the Double Bounded Dichotomous Choice (DBDC) model to identify key determinants of consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for fresh organic milk. Findings: The results showed that organic product label, consumers’ awareness about nutritional benefits of organic milk, agility, and income were key determinants of consumers’ WTP for fresh organic milk. The paper estimated average consumers’ willingness to pay for one litre of fresh organic milk to be SAR 14 while the nonparametric estimates of WTP ranged in values from as low as SAR 10 to as high as 12 SAR. Originality/value: The results are important to the domestic dairy companies and existing European organic long-life milk exporters to Saudi Arabia to initiate business ventures on organic fresh milk business.
Integrin CD11b Negatively Regulates B Cell Receptor Signaling to Shape Humoral Response during Immunization and Autoimmunity
Authors: Zhou Mingqian , Dascani Paul , Ding Chuanlin , Kos Justin T , Tieri David , Lin Xiaoying , Caster Dawn , Powell David , Wen Chengping , Watson Corey T , Yan Jun
Published: September 2021

Our previous work has revealed the ability of CD11b to regulate BCR signaling and control autoimmune disease in mice. However, how CD11b regulates the immune response under normal conditions remains unknown. Through the use of a CD11b knockout model on a nonautoimmune background, we demonstrated that CD11b-deficient mice have an elevated Ag-specific humoral response on immunization. Deletion of CD11b resulted in elevated low-affinity and high-affinity IgG Ab and increases in Ag-specific germinal center B cells and plasma cells (PCs). Examination of BCR signaling in CD11b-deficient mice revealed defects in association of negative regulators pLyn and CD22 with the BCR, but increases in colocalizations between positive regulator pSyk and BCR after stimulation. Using a CD11b-reporter mouse model, we identified multiple novel CD11b-expressing B cell subsets that are dynamically altered during immunization. Subsequent experiments using a cell-specific CD11b deletion model revealed this effect to be B cell intrinsic and not altered by myeloid cell CD11b expression. Importantly, CD11b expression on PCs also impacts on BCR repertoire selection and diversity in autoimmunity. These studies describe a novel role for CD11b in regulation of the healthy humoral response and autoimmunity, and reveal previously unknown populations of CD11b-expressing B cell subsets, suggesting a complex function for CD11b in B cells during development and activation.
An IRF4–MYC–mTORC1 Integrated Pathway Controls Cell Growth and the Proliferative Capacity of Activated B Cells during B Cell Differentiation In Vivo
Authors: Patterson Dillon G , Kania Anna K , Price Madeline J , Rose James R , Scharer Christopher D , Boss Jeremy M
Published: September 2021

Cell division is an essential component of B cell differentiation to Ab-secreting plasma cells, with critical reprogramming occurring during the initial stages of B cell activation. However, a complete understanding of the factors that coordinate early reprogramming events in vivo remain to be determined. In this study, we examined the initial reprogramming by IRF4 in activated B cells using an adoptive transfer system and mice with a B cell–specific deletion of IRF4. IRF4-deficient B cells responding to influenza, 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl–Ficoll, and LPS divided but stalled during the proliferative response. Gene expression profiling of IRF4-deficient B cells at discrete divisions revealed IRF4 was critical for inducing MYC target genes, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis. Moreover, IRF4-deficient B cells maintained an inflammatory gene expression signature. Complementary chromatin accessibility analyses established a hierarchy of IRF4 activity and identified networks of dysregulated transcription factor families in IRF4-deficient B cells, including E-box binding bHLH family members. Indeed, B cells lacking IRF4 failed to fully induce Myc after stimulation and displayed aberrant cell cycle distribution. Furthermore, IRF4-deficient B cells showed reduced mTORC1 activity and failed to initiate the B cell activation unfolded protein response and grow in cell size. Myc overexpression in IRF4-deficient cells was sufficient to overcome the cell growth defect. Together, these data reveal an IRF4–MYC–mTORC1 relationship critical for controlling cell growth and the proliferative response during B cell differentiation.
Heavy mineral and geochemical signatures of porphyry copper mineralization: examples from the Casino porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Yukon
Authors: McClenaghan M B , McCurdy M W , Garrett R
G , Beckett-Brown C E , Leybourne M I , Casselman S
G , Pelchat P
Published: September 2021

We report results of a detailed indicator mineral and geochemical study of the Casino calc-alkaline porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit in the unglaciated terrain of west-central Yukon. It is one of the largest and highest-grade porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposits in Canada and is
hosted by Late Cretaceous quartz monzonite and associated breccias. At 22 sites, a large (10-14 kg) stream-sediment sample, streamwater and stream silt samples were collected to compare geochemical and heavy mineral signatures. The Casino deposit has an obvious indicator mineral signature in the
less than 2 mm heavy (>3.2 specific gravity (SG)) and mid-density (2.8-3.2 SG) fractions of stream sediments that is detectable at least 14 km downstream and consists of, in order of effectiveness, gold>chalcopyrite>molybdenite>sphalerite
>jarosite>goethite>pyrite. Similar indicator mineral patterns occur in creeks downstream of other local porphyry occurrences (i.e. Cockfield, Zappa). The geochemical signature of the deposit is best defined by Ag, As, Au, Bi, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Pb, U, and Zn in the
less than 0.177 mm fraction of stream sediment and Cd, Co, Cu, Mo, Pb, Re, and Zn in stream water. Governments and exploration companies will benefit from adding indicator mineral sampling to routine stream-sediment sampling protocols during geochemical surveys in which detailed follow up during the
same season is impossible.
Optimised paediatric antiretroviral treatment to achieve the 95-95-95 goals
Authors: Archary Mohandran , Van Zyl Riana , Sipambo Nosisa , Sorour Gillian
Published: September 2021

While the progress towards reaching the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets in South African adults seems promising, the progress in the paediatric population is lagging far behind; only 79% percent of children living with HIV know their status. Of these, only 47% are on treatment, and a mere 34% of those are virally suppressed. Thus, virological suppression has been attained in only 13% of children living with HIV in South Africa. Multiple factors contribute to the high treatment failure rate, one of them being a lack of paediatric-friendly antiretroviral treatment (ART) formulations. For example, the Lopinavir/ritonavir syrup, which is the current mainstay of ART for young children, has an extremely unpleasant taste, contributing to the poor tolerability and lack of adherence by children using the formulation. Furthermore, the lack of appropriate formulations limits the optimisation of regimens, especially for young children and those who cannot swallow tablets. Switching from syrups to dispersible tablets will improve ease of administration and adherence and result in cost-saving. Despite the approval of simplified paediatric-friendly formulations internationally, including other sub-Saharan African countries, unnecessary delays are experienced in South Africa. Clinician groups and community organisations must speak up and demand that approvals be expedited to ensure the delivery of life-changing and life-saving formulations to our patients as a matter of urgency.
The cricothyroid versus the spray-as-you-go method for topical anesthesia during flexible bronchoscopy
Authors: Madan Karan , Iyer Hariharan , Arunachalam M , Mittal Saurabh , Tiwari Pawan , Hadda Vijay , Mohan Anant , Guleria Randeep
Published: September 2021

Background:

Lignocaine can be administered during bronchoscopy using either a direct injection through the cricothyroid membrane (the cricothyroid method) or a spray of lignocaine solution through the bronchoscope working channel (the spray-as-you-go method). In this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), we compared the efficacy of these two methods for topical anesthesia during flexible bronchoscopy.

Methods:

We performed a systematic search to extract the relevant RCTs comparing the two techniques.

Results:

Five RCTs meeting the inclusion criteria (747 subjects) were identified. The cricothyroid method was associated with significantly less cough (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−1.75, −0.62], P < 0.001, significant heterogeneity I2 = 86%, P < 0.001). On analysis of secondary outcomes, the cricothyroid method was associated with a greater operator-rated procedure satisfaction (SMD = 1.00, 95% CI [0.74, 1.25], P < 0.001), less time for upper airway negotiation (mean difference, MD = −0.99, 95% CI [−1.37, −0.6], P < 0.001), and a significantly less cumulative dose of lignocaine administered (MD = −68.12, 95% CI [−130.18, −6.06], P = 0.03). The overall procedure duration (MD = 0.08, 95% CI [−0.09, 0.24], P = 0.36) and patient discomfort (MD = −0.08, 95% CI [−0.38, 0.22], P = 0.59) were not different between the two methods. There was no significant publication bias (P = 0.94).

Conclusions:

The cricothyroid method is associated with less cough during flexible bronchoscopy. Other advantages are a greater operator-rated procedure satisfaction at a less cumulative lignocaine dose. These findings highlight the superior performance characteristics of the cricothyroid method for lignocaine administration for flexible bronchoscopy.
High proportion of drug-resistant isolates in adult community-acquired pneumonia from Northeast India
Authors: Kalita Deepjyoti , Sarma Ridip Kumar , Sharma Kripesh Ranjan , Deka Sangeeta
Published: September 2021

Background:

Empirical antibiotic therapy is the mainstay of management of adult community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) globally. Knowledge of prevalent pathogen (bacterial) profile and drug susceptibility pattern is very essential for appropriate management of CAP cases, which again calls for regular update of pathogen profile in a given locality. This study was to identify the bacterial etiology of CAP cases and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was done on adult CAP patients from medicine, respiratory medicine, and intensive care unit area in our tertiary care hospital between May 1, 2015, and October 30, 2016. Subjects were enrolled continuously, and expectorated sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and blood culture were performed. Urine antigen test was done for Streptococcus
pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila. Three types of ELISA (IgM, IgG, and IgA) were performed for atypical agents (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and Legionella) of CAP. Isolates obtained from culture of Sputum/BAL/Blood were further processed for antibiotic susceptibility testing - by disc diffusion as well as E-test method (latter for MIC i.e. minimum inhibitory concentration, determination).

Results:

About 574 subjects were included, and in 266 (46.3%) cases, bacterial pathogen could be detected. Klebsiella
pneumoniae (33.6%) and S. pneumoniae (32.9%) were the predominant agents identified. Atypical agents (Mycoplasma, Legionella, and Chlamydia) were at 15.1%. A high proportion of pneumococci isolates were multidrug resistant (52.6%). Resistance to beta-lactams, macrolide, and other agents was on the higher side, but fluoroquinolones were found to be less resistant (15.8%–21.1%). Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (among Klebsiella isolates) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were also detected.

Conclusion:

A moderate-to-high degree of drug-resistant in adult CAP was evident, which is detrimental in effective empirical management of such cases. Urgent implementation of antibiotic stewardship scheme is the need of the hour.
Conversion disorder upon emergence from general anesthesia—A case report and review of literature
Authors: Alshathri Nourah A. , Binsaleh Saleh , Al Saadon Abdalrahman , Alkhawajah Nuha M. , Eldawlatly Abdelazeem
Published: September 2021

Conversion disorder (CD) is a neurological symptom that is not related to any medical or neurological disease. Symptoms can range from sensory complaints to loss of consciousness. Psychological stressors such as surgery and anesthesia are considered a precipitating factors. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent unnecessary interventions. Here, we report a case of a patient who developed CD upon emergence from general anesthesia.
Exemption from informed consent
Authors: Verma Swati
Published: September 2021

One of the most important ethical step in conducting investigational product trials or drug trials is obtaining informed consent from the participants. Although consent from the participants regarding participation is of prime importance but is not always practical or feasible. There may be several instances where it is practically impossible to obtain informed consent, whereas in some cases, obtaining informed consent from the trial participants adversely affects the quality and validity of the study data. Obtaining informed consent is a highly complex and technical process if the participants are not literate or suffering from a terminal illness, Also in some instances obtaining informed consent regarding the washout of prior prescribed medicine which may affect the trial outcomes. Although many guidelines exist for obtaining proper informed consent while very scarce literature exists on the instances where it can be waived off. Therefore, this brief narrative review aims to provide insight into currently available knowledge about when to obtain informed consent during testing of investigational product trials and drug trials and other possible scenarios where it can be waived off considering the effects of the washout period.
A comparative study of the efficacy of Glidescope versus Macintosh direct laryngoscopy for intubation in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Zabani Ibrahim , AlHarbi Mohammed , AlHassoun Abdulkarim , Iqbal Shafat , Al Amoudi Dareen , AlOtaibi Sultan , Saad Hasan
Published: September 2021

Background:

The Glidescope is a novel, portable, reusable video laryngoscope that has provided superior laryngeal visualization to facilitate tracheal intubation, especially in the management of difficult airways. In this study, we aimed to compare the efficacy of the Glidescope (video-laryngoscope) against the Macintosh direct laryngoscope.

Methods:

Fifty patients were randomly selected via simple randomization using computer-generated random numbers, and sorted into two groups of 25 patients: the Glidescope group and the Macintosh group. We included pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery for the repair of congenital heart disease. Those with suspected difficult intubation, preterm babies with low body weight, and patients at risk of aspiration were all excluded.

Results:

Patients’ baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were found to be comparable in the two groups. The mean intubation time was 24.1 ± 13.6 s in the Glidescope group, as compared to 18.1 ± 5.9 s in the Macintosh group. Blade insertion was easy in 92% and 96% of the patients in the Glidescope and Macintosh groups, respectively. Tracheal intubation was considered easy in 84% of the Glidescope group, compared to 92% of the Macintosh group. There was a statistically significant correlation between the ease of tracheal intubation and the used intubation method (rho = –0.35; P = 0.014).

Conclusion:

Our findings indicate that the Glidescope can be used as an efficient modality for obtaining successful intubations with no complications. Ease of tracheal intubation was the only outcome that was found to be affected by the used modality. Further investigations with proper sample sizes are needed.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea and Facial Palsy – An Unlikely Presentation of Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Lim Rachel C. A. , Goh Bee See , Wong Yin Peng
Published: September 2021

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) otorrhea and facial nerve palsy as a result of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) metastasis to the mastoid postradiotherapy is rarely encountered. The diagnosis is not straightforward as the initial presentation could be mistaken for the middle ear effusion or chronic otitis media which are common complications following radiotherapy. Persistent symptoms despite adequate medical therapy should alert the clinician to a more ominous pathology. We report a rare and unusual case of CSF otorrhea and facial palsy secondary to temporal bone metastasis in a patient with NPC postradiotherapy.
Projective crystalline representations of étale fundamental groups and twisted periodic Higgs–de Rham flow
Authors: Sun Ruiran , Yang Jinbang , Zuo Kang
Published: September 2021

This paper contains three new results. (1) We introduce new notions of projective crystalline representations and twisted periodic Higgs–de Rham flows. These new notions generalize crystalline representations of étale fundamental groups introduced by Faltings [Algebraic Analysis, Geometry, and Number Theory (1989)] and Fontaine and Laffaille [Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 15 (1983)] and periodic Higgs–de Rham flows introduced by Lan, Sheng and Zuo [J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS) 21 (2019)]. We establish an equivalence between the categories of projective crystalline representations and twisted periodic Higgs–de Rham flows via the category of twisted Fontaine–Faltings module which is also introduced in this paper. (2) We study the base change of these objects over very ramified valuation rings and show that a stable periodic Higgs bundle gives rise to a geometrically absolutely irreducible crystalline representation. (3) We investigate the dynamic of self-maps induced by the Higgs–de Rham flow on the moduli spaces of rank-2 stable Higgs bundles of degree 1 on

\mathbb{P}^1

with logarithmic structure on marked points

D:=\{x_1, \dots,x_n\}

for

n\geq 4

and construct infinitely many geometrically absolutely irreducible

\operatorname{PGL}_2(\mathbb{Z}_{p}^{ur}

)-crystalline representations of

{\pi_1^{\textup{\'{e}t}}(\mathbb{P}^{1}_{\mathbb{Q}_p^{\mathrm{ur}}}\setminus D)}

. We find an explicit formula of the self-map for the case

\{0, 1, \infty, \lambda\}

and conjecture that a Higgs bundle is periodic if and only if the zero of the Higgs field is the image of a torsion point in the associated elliptic curve

\mathcal{C}_\lambda

defined by

y^2=x(x-1)(x-\lambda)

with the order coprime to

p

.
Management and outcomes of patients on maintenance dialysis during the first and second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Geneva, Switzerland
Authors: Zamberg Ido , Mavrakanas Thomas , Ernandez Thomas , Bourquin Vincent , Zellweger Michael , Marangon Nicolas , Raimbault Françoise , Winzeler Rebecca , Iten Anne , Hammer Nathalie , Ponte Belen , Carballo Sebastian , Martin Pierre-Yves , Saudan Patrick
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Patients on maintenance dialysis are at high risk for serious complications from COVID-19 infection, including death. We present an overview of local experience with dialysis unit management and reorganisation, local epidemiology and outcomes during the COVID-19 outbreak in Geneva, Switzerland, where SARS-CoV-2 incidence was one of the highest in Europe.
METHODS: All SARS-CoV-2-positive outpatients on maintenance dialysis were transferred from their usual dialysis facility to the Geneva University Hospitals dialysis unit to avoid creation of new clusters of transmission. Within this unit, appropriate mitigation measures were enforced, as suggested by the institutional team for prevention and control of infectious diseases.
RESULTS: From 25 February to 31 December 2020, 82 of 279 patients on maintenance dialysis tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during two distinct waves, with an incidence rate of 73 cases per 100,000 person-days during the first wave and 342 cases per 100,000 during the second wave, approximately four- to six-fold higher than the general population. The majority of infections (55%) during both waves were traced to clusters. Most infections (62%) occurred in men. Sixteen patients (34%) died from COVID-19 related complications. Deceased patients were older and had a lower body mass index as compared with patients who survived the infection.
CONCLUSION: SARS-CoV-2 is associated with high infection and fatality rates in the dialysis population. Strict mitigation measures seemed to be effective in controlling infection spread among patients on maintenance dialysis outside of clusters. Large scale epidemiological studies are needed to assess the efficacy of preventive measures in decreasing infection and mortality rates within the dialysis population.
Internal Picture of the Disease as a Success Factor of Postoperative Neurorehabilitation in Patients with Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Domracheva A.M. , Safonova I. A. , Denisenko A. O. , Sozaeva D.I. , Berezhanskaya S.B. , Afonin A.A. , Panova I.V. , Dombayan S.Kh. , Afonina T.A.
Published: September 2021

In order to study the perception of patients operated on for pituitary adenoma, their disease, the types of response to the disease, as well as the influence of the type of internal picture of the disease ((VKB) on the success of the treatment and rehabilitation process, 52 patients (24 men, 28 women) aged from 32 to 46 years old (mean age – 37,7 ± 1,2 years), operated on for pituitary adenoma Analysis of medical records, interviews, assessment of the patient's condition using a number of rating scales and psychodiagnostic techniques to determine the type of attitude to the disease revealed in patients a high level of nosogenic stress reactions and a significant predominance of a maladaptive attitude towards an intrapsychic disease (92,3%). The presence of the dominant maladaptive type of VKB in patients significantly reduces the socio-psychological adaptation in the postoperative period. Under these conditions, in the process of forming a strategy of postoperative neurorehabilitation for the successful restoration of the psychosocial status of patients with pituitary adenomas, it is necessary to take into account the nature of maladaptive personality reactions.