bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning by doing: Preparation of Bahá'í nonformal tutors
Authors: Closson Rosemary B. , Kaye Sylvia B.
Published: March 2012

This chapter describes the development of a Bahá'í international adult education program designed so that community service is both process and outcome. Particular emphasis is on the preparation of adult tutors.
Expanding the boundaries of adult religious education
Authors: Paulette Isaac E.
Published: March 2012

This chapter provides a synopsis of the previous chapters and presents challenges and opportunities for adult educators.
Incorporation of Indium Tin Oxide Nanoparticles in PEMFC Electrodes
Authors: Wolz André , Zils Susanne , Ruch David , Kotov Nicholas , Roth Christina , Michel Marc
Published: March 2012

Carbon materials suffer from corrosion at the cathode of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In the presence of water, carbon support materials are oxidized to carbon dioxide even at low potentials. Hence, nowadays it is very fashionable to look for alternative support materials, like oxides or conductive polymers. To gain the maximum performance for a new material one should also consider an appropriate electrode structure. This study shows the results for the incorporation of nanosized alternative support materials into advanced electrode architectures. Commercially available indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles (<50 nm) are used as support for Pt nanoparticles in combination with Nafion‐coated multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the cathode side of a PEMFC. The MWCNTs promote a high electronic conductivity and help to form a porous network, which could accommodate the Pt/ITO nanoparticles. The microscopic investigations show a homogeneous electrode structure composed of Pt/ITO and MWCNT/Nafion multilayer. Single cell measurements show a maximum power density of 73 mW cm−2 and a Pt utilization of 1468 mW mgPt−1 for the cathode. The performance data and the Pt utilization are comparable to a standard Pt/carbon black electrode possessing the same Pt loading in the electrode. Beside this, it is shown for the first time that ITO serves as support material under real fuel cell conditions.
Relationship between inflammatory mediator patterns and anemia in HIV‐1 positive and exposed children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria
Authors: Davenport Gregory C. , Hittner James B. , Were Tom , Ong'echa John M. , Perkins Douglas J.
Published: March 2012

Anemia is the primary hematological manifestation of both Plasmodium falciparum malaria and HIV‐1 in pediatric populations in sub‐Saharan Africa. We have previously shown that HIV‐1 positive and exposed children have greater risk of developing severe anemia (hemoglobin, Hb <6.0 g dL−1) during acute malaria. However, enhanced severity of anemia was unrelated to either erythropoietic suppression or parasite‐driven red blood cell hemolysis. To further explore mechanisms of anemia, circulating inflammatory mediators (IMs) were determined using a 25‐plex bead array in P. falciparum‐infected (Pf[+]) children (3–36 month, n = 194) stratified into three groups: HIV‐1 negative (HIV‐1[−]/Pf[+]); HIV‐1 exposed (HIV‐1[exp]/Pf[+]); and HIV‐1 infected (HIV‐1[+]/Pf[+]). IL‐12, MIG/CXCL9, eotaxin/CCL11, and GM‐CSF differed significantly and progressively increased across the groups (HIV‐1[−]→HIV‐1[exp]→HIV‐1[+]). To further explore the relationship between the inflammatory milieu (i.e., cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors) and HIV‐1 status, the large panel of IMs was reduced into discrete groups by principal component factor analysis. Of the six principal components that emerged, three components were significantly higher in the HIV‐1 [+]/pf[+] and HIV[exp]/Pf[+] groups, demonstrating that inflammatory profiles differ according to HIV‐1 status. Additional analyses exploring the relationship between the components and anemia revealed significant positive correlations between Hb and Component 3 (IL‐1Ra, IL‐7, IL‐17, IFN‐α, IFN‐γ, MIG/CXCL9) in the HIV‐1[−]/Pf[+] group, and Component 4 (IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐12, Eotaxin/CCL11) in HIV‐1[+]/Pf[+] children. Further analyses of the HIV‐1[+]/Pf[+] group revealed that IL‐12 had the strongest association with anemia. Results presented here demonstrate that there are unique relationships between the inflammatory environment and anemia in HIV‐1 positive and exposed children with malaria. Am. J. Hematol. 87:652–658, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trends and outcomes of modern staging of solitary plasmacytoma of bone
Authors: Warsame Rahma , Gertz Morie A. , Lacy Martha Q. , Kyle Robert A. , Buadi Francis , Dingli David , Greipp Philip R. , Hayman Suzanne R. , Kumar Shaji K. , Lust John A. , Russell Stephen J. , Witzig Thomas E. , Mikhael Joseph , Leung Nelson , Zeldenrust Steven R. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Dispenzieri Angela
Published: March 2012

Over the years, the definition of solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SPB) has shifted in part due to more modern testing capabilities. We hypothesized that outcomes data based on antiquated testing would not reflect outcomes using modern staging. To address both how widely applied adequate diagnostic staging is and what the progression rates of SPB as defined with state‐of‐the‐art staging are, we performed a retrospective chart review of those patients with a diagnosis of SPB seen at our institution over the past decade. Two groups were studied: all patients with SPB (n = 127); and those patients referred to our institution for an indication other than progression (n = 91). The median PFS for those two groups were 26 months and 42 months, respectively. At baseline, only a minority of patients had state‐of‐the‐art staging. The 5 patients with both modern imaging and a negative bone marrow had a 21 month PFS of 100%. Patients with plasmacytoma plus, one plasmacytoma but bone marrow consistent with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, fare worse than true SPB. The use of modern testing is imperative to characterize a patient's risk for progression. PET/CT plays an important role in the diagnostic work‐up. Am. J. Hematol. 87:647–651, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Noonan‐like syndrome with loose anagen hair associated with growth hormone insensitivity and atypical neurological manifestations
Authors: Capalbo D. , Melis D. , De Martino L. , Palamaro L. , Riccomagno S. , Bona G. , Cordeddu V. , Pignata C. , Salerno M.
Published: March 2012

Noonan‐like syndrome with loose anagen hair (NS/LAH; OMIM 607721), recently related to the invariant c.4A>G missense change in SHOC2, is characterized by features reminiscent of Noonan syndrome. Ectodermal involvement, short stature associated with growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD), and cognitive deficits are common features. We report on a patient with molecularly confirmed NS/LAH exhibiting severe short stature associated with GH insensitivity (GHI), and chronic complex tics, a neurological feature never described before in this syndrome. IGF1 generation test revealed only a blunted increase in IGF1 after exogenous GH treatment, revealing mild GH insensitivity associated with proper STAT5 activation. Most common causes of secondary tics in childhood were excluded. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genome wide study of maternal and parent‐of‐origin effects on the etiology of orofacial clefts
Authors: Shi Min , Murray Jeffrey C. , Marazita Mary L. , Munger Ronald G. , Ruczinski Ingo , Hetmanski Jacqueline B. , Wu Tao , Murray Tanda , Redett Richard J. , Wilcox Allen J. , Lie Rolv T. , Jabs Ethylin Wang , Wu‐Chou Yah Huei , Chen Philip K. , Wang Hong , Ye Xiaoqian , Yeow Vincent , Chong Samuel S. , Shi Bing , Christensen Kaare , Scott Alan F. , Patel Poorav , Cheah Felicia , Beaty Terri H.
Published: March 2012

We performed a genome wide association analysis of maternally‐mediated genetic effects and parent‐of‐origin (POO) effects on risk of orofacial clefting (OC) using over 2,000 case‐parent triads collected through an international cleft consortium. We used log‐linear regression models to test individual SNPs. For SNPs with a P‐value <10−5 for maternal genotypic effects, we also applied a haplotype‐based method, TRIMM, to extract potential information from clusters of correlated SNPs. None of the SNPs were significant at the genome wide level. Our results suggest neither maternal genome nor POO effects play major roles in the etiology of OC in our sample. This finding is consistent with previous genetic studies and recent population‐based cohort studies in Norway and Denmark, which showed no apparent difference between mother‐to‐offspring and father‐to‐offspring recurrence of clefting. We, however, cannot completely rule out maternal genome or POO effects as risk factors because very small effects might not be detectable with our sample size, they may influence risk through interactions with environmental exposures or may act through a more complex network of interacting genes. Thus, the most promising SNPs identified by this study may still be worth further investigation. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Long‐term survival in infantile malignant autosomal recessive osteopetrosis secondary to homozygous p.Arg526Gln mutation in CLCN7
Authors: Kantaputra Piranit Nik , Thawanaphong Saranya , Issarangporn Witchapong , Klangsinsirikul Phennapha , Ohazama Atsushi , Sharpe Paul , Supanchart Chayarop
Published: March 2012

Infantile malignant autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (ARO; OMIM 259700) has been reported to be associated with mutations in TCIRG1, CLCN7, or OSTM1. ARO caused by homozygous (or compound heterozygous) mutations in CLCN7, as described here, is usually diagnosed at birth or early in infancy due to generalized osteosclerosis and severe hematologic deficits. The maximal life expectancy of patients with ARO in the absence of bone marrow transplantation is thought to be 10 years. We report on a 25‐year‐old Thai man who is affected with ARO. Clinical features include proportionate short stature, vision impairment, esotropia, exophthalmos, mild hearing loss, and hepatosplenomegaly. Pancytopenia was present and the patient had frequent illnesses. Radiographs showed generalized osteosclerosis with almost no visible of bone marrow spaces. Dense maxilla and mandible with impacted and malformed teeth were observed. Multiple fractures were reported. He developed osteomyelitis of the mandible on four separate occasions, and partial mandibulectomy was performed. Molecular studies showed that there were no pathogenic mutations in TCIRG1. However, mutation analysis of CLCN7 revealed a homozygous missense mutation (p.Arg526Gln). This patient is, it appears, the longest lived individual with ARO ever reported. Evaluation of osteoclastogenesis in our patient demonstrated very large immature osteoclasts with a high number of nuclei. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the Use of Feedback Control in the Design of Computing System Components
Authors: Maggio Martina , Papadopoulos Alessandro Vittorio , Leva Alberto
Published: March 2012

Feedback controllers are typically applied to computing systems by acting on some quantities (“tunable parameters” in the computer science lexicon, e.g., a packet drop rate) to attain some goal (e.g., a required bandwidth allocation). In other words, control loops are closed around the computing system. In the authors' opinion, this is definitely a partial use of control. Many critical parts of computing systems should not be controlled, but rather redesigned in the form of controllers. This paper formalises the statement above and illustrates some results, including application examples, to demonstrate the advantages of such a novel approach, and to stimulate research on the matter.
Smooth Switching Output Tracking Control for LPV Systems
Authors: Song Lei , Yang Jianying
Published: March 2012

This paper is concerned with the problem of smooth switching state feedback controller design for aircraft dynamic systems with multiple operating points. Based on the theory of robust control, a single state feedback controller which considers smooth switching is constructed. With the constant controller, the output response can be considerably improved in the switching process when the flight condition changes. An example for autopilot design of an F‐18 aircraft is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Hermite Polynomials for Iterative Output Replanning for Flat Systems Affected by Additive Noise
Authors: Consolini Luca , Lini Gabriele , Piazzi Aurelio
Published: March 2012

The paper considers the output tracking problem for nonlinear systems whose performance output is also a flat output of the system itself. A desired output signal is sought on the actual performance output by using a feedforward inverse input that is periodically updated with discrete‐time feedback of the sampled state of the system. The proposed method is based on an iterative output replanning that uses the desired output trajectory and the sampled state to replan an output trajectory whose inverse input helps in reducing the tracking error. This iterative replanning exploits the Hermite interpolating polynomials to achieve an overall arbitrarily smooth input and a tracking error that can be made arbitrarily small if the state sampling period is sufficiently small and mild assumptions are considered. Some simulation results are presented for the cases of a unicycle and a one‐trailer system affected by additive noise.
High‐field magneto‐photoluminescence of semiconductor nanostructures
Authors: Hayne Manus , Bansal Bhavtosh
Published: March 2012

We review the photoluminescence of semiconductor nanostructures in high magnetic fields, concentrating on the effects of the applied magnetic field on orbital motion (wave function extent), which is probed in experiments on large ensembles. We present an overview of the physics of excitons in high magnetic fields in 3‐ and 2‐D before introducing the zero‐dimensional case. We then discuss the physics of quantum‐dot excitons in high magnetic fields with particular attention to the approximate analytical models used to interpret experimental results. This is followed by a brief description of a typical high‐field magneto‐photoluminescence setup. We then present four examples of magneto‐photoluminescence experiments on different materials systems chosen from our own research to illustrate how high magnetic fields can be used to reveal new insights into the physics of semiconductor nanostructures. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of anastomotic complications on outcome after laparoscopic gastrectomy for early gastric cancer
Authors: Nagasako Y , Satoh S , Isogaki J , Inaba K , Taniguchi K , Uyama I
Published: March 2012

Background

The effects of anastomotic complications after laparoscopically assisted gastrectomy (LAG) have not been studied widely. The aims of this observational study were to identify potential factors that predict anastomotic complications and investigate the impact of anastomotic complications in patients undergoing gastrectomy for early gastric cancer.

Methods

The study included consecutive patients with histologically proven T1 gastric adenocarcinoma treated by LAG with regional lymphadenectomy between August 1997 and March 2008, who had not received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Anastomotic complications included anastomotic leakage, stricture and remnant gastric stasis of grade II or higher (modified Clavien classification) and were identified by clinical assessment and confirmatory investigation. Predictive factors for the development of anastomotic complications were identified by univariable and multivariable analyses. Long-term survival with or without anastomotic complications was examined.

Results

Anastomotic complications occurred in 37 (9·3 per cent) of 400 patients. Multivariable analysis indicated surgeon experience as the only independent predictor of anastomotic complications (hazard ratio 4·40, 95 per cent confidence interval 2·04 to 9·53; P < 0·001). Patients with anastomotic complications had a significantly worse overall 5-year survival rate than those without (81 versus 94·2 per cent; P = 0·009).

Conclusion

Anastomotic complications after LAG lead to worse long-term survival.
Pro‐inflammation and pro‐fibrosis factors were highly induction in heart tissues of carotid arteries balloon‐injured animal model
Authors: Hwang Jin‐Ming , Wu Chieh‐His , Kuo Wei‐Wen , Jong Gwo‐Ping , Lai Chao‐Hung , Tsai Chang‐Hai , Tsai Fuu‐Jen , Chang Mu‐Hsin , Wu Jia‐Ping , Huang Chih‐Yang
Published: March 2012

To investigate the changes of cardiomyocyte inflammation and fibrosis factors in heart of carotid artery balloon injury inflammatory rat model. Using rat carotid artery balloon injury model to detect left ventricular characteristics at 2 h, 2 days and 14 days after surgery using hematoxylin‐eosin (H&E) gross stain, Masson's trichome stain and Western blot analysis for inflammatory and fibrosis‐induced factors, tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), JNK1, P38α, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), SP1 and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) protein expressions. The rat carotid arteries were injured after 2 h, 2 days and 14 days. Balloon‐angioplasty to H&E stain results showed the increasing trend of left ventricular wall at 2 h and 2 days; then, the left ventricular wall became thinner, and the left ventricular chamber became enlarged and dilated after 14 days of carotid artery balloon injury. In addition, the Masson's trichome stain results showed that the left ventricular section has fibrosis‐related blue staining (collagen) at 2 and 14 days after rat carotid artery balloon injury, and became even more severe at 14 days. Furthermore, we observed the protein expression level changs, which include TNFα, JNK1, P38α, CTGF, SP1 and TGFβ using Western blotting assay. All proteins were induced at 2 h, 2 days and then reached the maximal level at 14 days. The vessel inflammation was associated with cardiac inflammatory and fibrosis effects during or after carotid artery balloon injury. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early statin treatment prior to primary PCI for acute myocardial infarction: REPERATOR, a randomized placebo‐controlled pilot trial
Authors: Post Simone , Post Martijn C. , van den Branden Ben J. , Eefting Frank D. , Goumans Marie‐José , Stella Pieter R. , van Es Hendrik W. , Wildbergh Thierry X. , Rensing Benno J. , Doevendans Pieter A.
Published: March 2012

Objective: The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether early atorvastatin treatment will reduce left ventricle (LV) remodeling, infarct size, and improve microvascular perfusion. Background: In animal studies, early statin therapy reduces reperfusion injury after a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: Forty‐two consecutive patients (82% male, mean age 61.2 ± 9.8) who underwent a primary PCI for a first ST‐elevated AMI were randomized for pretreatment with atorvastatin 80 mg (n = 20) or placebo (n = 22) and continued with the same dosage daily for 1 week. All patients received atorvastatin 80 mg once daily 7 days after primary PCI. The LV function and infarct size were measured by magnetic resonance imaging within 1 day, at 1 week, and 3 months follow up. The primary endpoint was the end‐systolic volume index (ESVI) at 3 months. Secondary endpoints were global LV function measurements, myocardial infarct size, biochemical cardiac markers, TIMI flow, and ST‐T elevation resolution. Results: ESVI 3 months after AMI was 25.1 mL/m2 in the atorvastatin arm and 25.0 mL/m2 in the placebo arm (P = 0.74). The differences in change from baseline to 3 months follow up in global LV function and myocardial infarct size did not differ between both treatment arms. Furthermore, biochemical markers, TIMI flow, and ST‐T elevation resolution did not differ between atorvastatin and placebo arm. Conclusions: In this pilot study, pretreatment with atorvastatin in an acute myocardial infarction does not result in an improved cardiac function, microvascular perfusion, or decreased myocardial infarct size. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Aneurysm formation after drug‐eluting balloon treatment of drug‐eluting in‐stent restenosis: First case report
Authors: Vassilev Dobrin , Hazan Maxim , Dean Larry
Published: March 2012

A 55‐year‐old male underwent paclitaxel‐eluting stent implantation in a bifurcation lesion of his left anterior descending artery (LAD) during an episode of unstable angina in 2008. A late in‐stent restenosis developed 15 months after implantation of the drug‐eluting stent (DES) and was treated with paclitaxel eluting balloon. Two months later, during angiography for functional assessment of the significance of lesions in the circumflex artery, an aneurysm at the place of drug‐eluting balloon (DEB) inflation was observed. The patient was left on double antiplatelet therapy and scheduled for clinical observation after 3 months and control coronary angiography after 6 months for aneurysm progression follow‐up. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Percutaneous interventions in high‐risk patients following mustard repair of transposition of the great arteries
Authors: Hill Kevin D. , Fleming Gregory , Curt Fudge J. , Albers Erin L. , Doyle Thomas P. , Rhodes John F.
Published: March 2012

Objectives

To assess safety, efficacy, and intermediate term outcomes of percutaneous interventions in Mustard patients.

Background

Baffle leaks and obstruction are present in 20% of Mustard survivors. Surgical reintervention is associated with high mortality.

Methods

Retrospective review of percutaneous interventions performed at three adult congenital catheterization programs.

Results

Overall, 26 catheterizations and 29 interventions were performed in 22 patients (mean age 32.4 ± 8.3 years). Previous laser pacemaker lead extraction was successful in seven of seven procedures where the lead was at risk. Stent placement was successful in all 18 patients with systemic venous baffle (SVB) obstruction (mean gradient: 6.2 ± 3.4–0.6 ± 1.0 mm Hg; P < 0.01, narrowest diameter 4.5 ± 4.5–17.1 ± 3.9 mm; P < 0.01). Balloon angioplasty was performed in two patients for pulmonary venous baffle (PVB) obstruction with mixed results. Baffle leak interventions included device occlusion (n = 6), coil occlusion (n = 1), and covered stent occlusion (n = 3). Postprocedural residual leaks were demonstrated in three of eight. In two of the three the residual leak was not appreciable at 1‐year follow‐up. No patient experienced leak or obstruction related symptom recurrence (mean follow‐up: 33.4 ± 29.5 months). Complications included one death secondary to ventricular arrhythmia 2 days after PVB angioplasty and device related inferior SVB obstruction with resolution following stent placement.

Conclusions

Stent placement for SVB obstruction following Mustard repair is effective and likely safer than surgical intervention. Baffle leak occlusion can be safely accomplished but residual leaks are common in the short term. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Fast Prediction Method for Steady‐State Heat Convection
Authors: Wang Y. , Yu B. , Sun S.
Published: March 2012

A reduced model by proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and Galerkin projection methods for steady‐state heat convection is established on a nonuniform grid. It was verified by thousands of examples that the results are in good agreement with the results obtained from the finite volume method. This model can also predict the cases where model parameters far exceed the sample scope. Moreover, the calculation time needed by the model is much shorter than that needed for the finite volume method. Thus, the nonuniform POD‐Galerkin projection method exhibits high accuracy, good suitability, and fast computation. It has universal significance for accurate and fast prediction. Also, the methodology can be applied to more complex modeling in chemical engineering and technology, such as reaction and turbulence.
ChemInform Abstract: The Structure of (H3O) 2B12F12·6H2O — A CCP Lattice of B12F122‐ Anions Intercalated with a Nonplanar Network of O—H···O Connected O6 Rings.
Authors: Bukovsky Eric V. , Fiedler Stephanie R. , Peryshkov Dmitry V. , Popov Alexey A. , Strauss Steven H.
Published: March 2012

The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/m with Z = 2 (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: F‐Doped Co3O4 Photocatalysts for Sustainable H2 Generation from Water/Ethanol.
Authors: Gasparotto Alberto , et al. et al.
Published: March 2012

Undoped and F‐doped Co3O4 nanostructured films are prepared by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition from both fluorine‐free and fluorinated β‐diketonate cobalt derivatives [Co(dpm)2] (dpm: 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐3,5‐heptanedionate) and [Co(hfa)2TMEDA] (hfa: 1,1,1,5,5,5‐hexafluoro‐2,4‐pentanedionate), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Vinyl Ether to Acetate with Hydrogen Peroxide.
Authors: Kon Yoshihiro , Chishiro Takefumi , Imao Daisuke , Nakashima Takuya , Nagamine Takashi , Hachiya Houjin , Sato Kazuhiko
Published: March 2012

In some cases it is necessary to add an organic solvent to form the desired product or to increase the yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Introduction of a Clean and Promising Protocol for the Synthesis of β‐Amino‐Acrylates and 1,4‐Benzoheterocycles: An Emerging Innovation.
Authors: Choudhary Garima , Peddinti Rama Krishna
Published: March 2012

A simple protocol for the synthesis of title compounds (III), (V), (VII) and (IX) is established, by carrying out the transformations at exceptionally mild conditions, such as, ambient temperature, open to air, catalyst‐ and solvent‐free.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Knoevenagel and Domino Knoevenagel/Michael Reactions Using Gel‐Entrapped Base Catalysts.
Authors: Shinde Shital , Rashinkar Gajanan , Kumbhar Arjun , Kamble Santosh , Salunkhe Rajashri
Published: March 2012

The gel‐entrapped KOH can be recycled and used in at least five cycles with only a slight loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Oxidative Esterification Reaction of Aldehydes with Alkyl Halides under Aerobic Conditions.
Authors: Xin Yang‐Chun , Shi Shi‐Hui , Xie Dong‐Dong , Hui Xin‐Ping , Xu Peng‐Fei
Published: March 2012

An efficient IMesCl‐catalyzed oxidative esterification of various aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes with alkyl halides and alkyl tosylates is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a New Class of Ligands Derived from Isosorbide and Their Application to Asymmetric Reduction of Aromatic Ketones by Transfer Hydrogenation.
Authors: Huynh Khanh‐Duy , Ibrahim Houssein , Kolodziej Emile , Toffano Martial , Vo‐Thanh Giang
Published: March 2012

A variety of isosorbide‐derived amino alcohols as well as diamines such as (I) is prepared and tested as ligands in the Ru‐catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Diphenyl Diselenide‐Assisted α‐Phenylthiolation of Carbonyl Compounds with Diphenyl Disulfide.
Authors: Anbou Hiroaki , Umeda Rui , Nishiyama Yutaka
Published: March 2012

A catalytic system of cesium carbonate and diphenyl diselenide is successfully applied for the α‐phenylthiolation of carbonyl compounds (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic, Asymmetric, Interrupted Feist—Benary Reactions of α‐Tosyloxyacetophenones.
Authors: Calter Michael A. , Korotkov Alexander
Published: March 2012

A new variant of the interrupted Feist—Benary reaction ‐ the condensation of α‐haloketones and 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds ‐ uses α‐tosyloxyacetophenones (I) as electrophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some New 1H‐Benzimidazole‐2‐carboxamido Derivatives and Their Antimicrobial Activity.
Authors: Oezden Seckin , Usta Figen , Altanlar Nurten , Goeker Hakan
Published: March 2012

Compound (IIIa) exhibits the best inhibitory activity against S.
ChemInform Abstract: A Powerful Palladium‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Process for the Preparation of Oxazolines and Benzoxazoles.
Authors: Boissarie Patrick J. , Hamilton Zoe E. , Lang Stuart , Murphy John A. , Suckling Colin J.
Published: March 2012

The three‐component coupling of an aryl halide (I), isocyanide (II), and an amino alcohol (III) and (VI) under Pd catalysis gives rise to the formation of oxazolines (IV) and benzoxazoles (VII), respectively, in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthetic Protocol for One‐Pot Preparations of 5‐Halo‐1,4‐disubstituted‐1,2,3‐triazoles.
Authors: Li Lingjun , Li Yanyan , Li Ran , Zhu Anlian , Zhang Guisheng
Published: March 2012

The CuI‐NCS and CuBr‐NCS reaction system is developed for the one‐pot preparation of 5‐halo‐triazoles using mild reaction conditions with a high tolerance of various sensitive groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Access to Nonracemic 2‐cis‐Substituted and 2,6‐cis‐Disubstituted Piperidines.
Authors: Coia Nicolas , Mokhtari Naima , Vasse Jean‐Luc , Szymoniak Jan
Published: March 2012

Access to enantiopure amino ketones (III) and (X) via a hydrozirconation/transmetalation/ acylation sequence of protected 1‐aminobut‐3‐enes (I) and (X) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Isoquinolone Synthesis Through C—H Activation Using an Oxidizing Directing Group.
Authors: Li Bin , Feng Huiliang , Xu Shansheng , Wang Baiquan
Published: March 2012

The redox neutral strategy circumvents the use of wasteful metal oxidants and leads to a clean process.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Thioglycosides in Room Temperature Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Santra Abhishek , Sau Abhijit , Misra Anup Kumar
Published: March 2012

Treatment of per‐O‐acetylated sugar derivatives with thiols in the presence of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate in an ionic liquid affords the corresponding thioglycosides in good to very good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Designing 2‐Aminoimidazole Alkaloids Analogues with anti‐Biofilm Activities: Structure—Activities Relationships of Polysubstituted Triazoles.
Authors: Linares D. , Bottzeck O. , Pereira O. , Praud‐Tabaries A. , Blache Y.
Published: March 2012

A library of triazole‐based analogues of 2‐aminoimidazole marine alkaloids naamine A and isonaamine A (22 examples in all) are designed, synthesized using click chemistry and evaluated for their biofilm inhibitory activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and anti‐HIV‐1 Activity of 4‐Substituted‐7‐ (2′‐deoxy‐2′‐fluoro‐4′‐azido‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo [2,3‐d]pyrimidine Analogues.
Authors: Chang Junbiao , et al. et al.
Published: March 2012

Title nucleoside (Va) shows promising activity against HIV‐1 replication.
ChemInform Abstract: New Diarylureas and Diarylamides Containing 1,3,4‐Triarylpyrazole Scaffold: Synthesis, Antiproliferative Evaluation Against Melanoma Cell Lines, ERK Kinase Inhibition, and Molecular Docking Studies.
Authors: Choi Won‐Kyoung , El‐Gamal Mohammed I. , Choi Hong Seok , Baek Daejin , Oh Chang‐Hyun
Published: March 2012

Derivatives (Ib)—(Id), and (IIIa)—(IIIc) show the highest potency against A375P human melanoma cell line.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure, Bonding, and Reactivity of Reactant Complexes and Key Intermediates
Authors: Soriano Elena , Marco‐Contelles Jose
Published: March 2012

Review: 160 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Barbituric Acid Utility in Multi‐Component Reactions
Authors: Shaker Raafat M. , Ishak Esam A.
Published: March 2012

Review: 132 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Update on Selective Oxidation Using Gold
Authors: Della Pina Cristina , Falletta Ermelinda , Rossi Michele
Published: March 2012

Review: 174 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chromonic Liquid Crystalline Phases
Authors: Lydon John
Published: March 2012

Review: 90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Constituents and Some Biological Activities of Plants from the Genus Ceriops
Authors: Wang Hui , Li Min‐Yi , Wu Jun
Published: March 2012

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Vectorized Gold Nanoparticles to the Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer
Authors: Llevot Audrey , Astruc Didier
Published: March 2012

Review: 108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogen Storage: An Overview with Current Insights Based on a Conceptual DFT Approach
Authors: Chakraborty Arindam , Duley Soma , Chattaraj Pratim K.
Published: March 2012

Review: 184 refs.
Synthesis, Biological Activity, and ADME Properties of Novel S‐DABOs/N‐DABOs as HIV Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Authors: Radi Marco , Pagano Mafalda , Franchi Luigi , Castagnolo Daniele , Schenone Silvia , Casaluce Gianni , Zamperini Claudio , Dreassi Elena , Maga Giovanni , Samuele Alberta , Gonzalo Encarna , Clotet Bonaventura , Esté José A. , Botta Maurizio
Published: March 2012

Previous studies aimed at exploring the SAR of C2‐functionalized S‐DABOs demonstrated that the substituent at this position plays a key role in the inhibition of both wild‐type RT and drug‐resistant enzymes, particularly the K103N mutant form. The introduction of a cyclopropyl group led us to the discovery of a potent inhibitor with picomolar activity against wild‐type RT and nanomolar activity against many key mutant forms such as K103N. Despite its excellent antiviral profile, this compound suffers from a suboptimal ADME profile typical of many S‐DABO analogues, but it could, however, represent a promising candidate as an anti‐HIV microbicide. In the present work, a new series of S‐DABO/N‐DABO derivatives were synthesized to obtain additional SAR information on the C2‐position and in particular to improve ADME properties while maintaining a good activity profile against HIV‐1 RT. In vitro ADME properties (PAMPA permeation, water solubility, and metabolic stability) were also experimentally evaluated for the most interesting compounds to obtain a reliable indication of their plasma levels after oral administration.
Value of p16INK4a in the diagnosis of low‐grade urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder in urinary cytology
Authors: Alameda Francesc , Juanpere Nuria , Pijuan Lara , Lloveras Belen , Gimeno Javier , Baró Teresa , Salido Marta , Serrano Sergio , Lloreta Josep
Published: March 2012

BACKGROUND:

The sensitivity of urinary cytology for the diagnosis of urothelial carcinomas is low, particularly in low‐grade carcinomas. The UroVysion test is a fluorescent in situ hybridization multiprobe assay that increases the sensitivity of urinary cytology. However, this test is not widely available. P16INK4a, a protein involved in cell cycle progression, is overexpressed in urothelial carcinoma. Immunocytochemical expression of p16INK4a has been examined in biopsy samples from urothelial carcinomas, but few studies have addressed this protein in urine cytology.

METHODS:

The authors compared the results of p16INK4a immunoreactivity in cytology and biopsy samples from 83 cases, including low‐grade urothelial carcinomas, reactive epithelial lesions, and negative cases.

RESULTS:

p16INK4a assessment of in urine cytology samples showed a sensitivity of 66.7% and a specificity of 82.8% in the diagnosis of low‐grade urothelial carcinomas.

CONCLUSIONS:

On the basis of these results, the authors propose that immunocytochemical detection of p16INK4a is a reliable tool in urine cytology, both for the diagnosis of low‐grade urothelial carcinomas and for follow‐up purposes. More retrospective and prospective studies are required to verify these results. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
A Density Functional Theory Study on the Effect of Zero‐Point Energy Corrections on the Methanation Profile on Fe(100)
Authors: Govender Ashriti , Curulla Ferré Daniel , Niemantsverdriet J. W. (Hans)
Published: March 2012

The thermodynamics and kinetics of the surface hydrogenation of adsorbed atomic carbon to methane, following the reaction sequence C+4 H⇄CH+3 H⇄CH2+2 H⇄CH3+H⇄CH4, are studied on Fe(100) by means of density functional theory. An assessment is made on whether the adsorption energies and overall energy profile are affected when zero‐point energy (ZPE) corrections are included. The C, CH and CH2 species are most stable at the fourfold hollow site, while CH3 prefers the twofold bridge site. Atomic hydrogen is adsorbed at both the twofold bridge and fourfold hollow sites. Methane is physisorbed on the surface and shows neither orientation nor site preference. It is easily desorbed to the gas phase once formed. The incorporation of ZPE corrections has a very slight, if any, effect on the adsorption energies and does not alter the trends with regards to the most stable adsorption sites. The successive addition of hydrogen to atomic carbon is endothermic up to the addition of the third hydrogen atom resulting in the methyl species, but exothermic in the final hydrogenation step, which leads to methane. The overall methanation reaction is endothermic when starting from atomic carbon and hydrogen on the surface. Zero‐point energy corrections are rarely provided in the literature. Since they are derived from CH bonds with characteristic vibrations on the order of 2500–3000 cm−1, the equivalent ZPE of 1/2 hν is on the order of 0.2–0.3 eV and its effect on adsorption energy can in principle be significant. Particularly in reactions between CHx and H, the ZPE correction is expected to be significant, as additional CH bonds are formed. In this instance, the methanation reaction energy of +0.77 eV increased to +1.45 eV with the inclusion of ZPE corrections, that is, less favourable. Therefore, it is crucial to include ZPE corrections when reporting reactions involving hydrogen‐containing species.
Band‐Edge Electronic Structure of β‐In2S3: The Role of s or p Orbitals of Atoms at Different Lattice Positions
Authors: Zhao Zongyan , Cao Yuechan , Yi Juan , He Xijia , Ma Chenshuo , Qiu Jianbei
Published: March 2012

As a promising solar‐energy material, the electronic structure and optical properties of Beta phase indium sulfide (β‐In2S3) are still not thoroughly understood. This paper devotes to solve these issues using density functional theory calculations. β‐In2S3 is found to be an indirect band gap semiconductor. The roles of its atoms at different lattice positions are not exactly identical because of the unique crystal structure. Additonally, a significant phenomenon of optical anisotropy was observed near the absorption edge. Owing to the low coordination numbers of the In3 and S2 atoms, the corresponding In3‐5s states and S2‐3p states are crucial for the composition of the band‐edge electronic structure, leading to special optical properties and excellent optoelectronic performances.
In Situ Catalysts for the Intramolecular Hydroamination of Aminoalkynes – What Ligand Properties Determine Catalyst Activity?
Authors: Rumble Sarah L. , Page Michael J. , Field Leslie D. , Messerle Barbara A.
Published: March 2012

Insight into the iridium(I)/rhodium(I)‐catalyzed hydroamination of 4‐pentyn‐1‐amine was established through comparison of catalysts formed in situ from metal precursors and selected ligands with analogous catalysts which had been synthesized and isolated as pure complexes. The isolated metal complexes used were [Rh(bim)(CO)2]BPh4 (1) and [M(bpm)(CO)2]BPh4 (2 M = Rh, 3 M = Ir), which contain the bidentate nitrogen donor ligands bis(1‐methylimidazol‐2‐yl)methane (bim, 4) and bis(1‐pyrazolyl)methane (bpm, 5). The metal precursors used for formation of in situ catalysts included [Rh(μ‐Cl)(CO)2]2, [Ir(μ‐Cl)(CO)2]n, [Ir(μ‐Cl)(C2H4)2]2, [Ir(μ‐Cl)(COE)2]2, and [Ir(μ‐Cl)(COD)]2. The sp2‐hybridised N‐donor ligands investigated included heterocyclic bim (4) and bpm (5); and the diimines glyoxal bis(4‐methylphenylimine) (p‐tol‐DAD, 8), bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenylimino)acenapthene (Mes‐BIAN, 9) and bis(4‐methylphenylimino)acenapthene (p‐tol‐BIAN, 10). The weakly coordinating p‐tol‐DAD (8) ligand was found to yield the most active RhI catalyst which opens up a new, and synthetically very facile, ligand class for the hydroamination reaction. The most active catalysts were formed from a combination of N‐donor ligand, co‐ligand and counterion that resulted in the most electron‐deficient metal centre. This indicated that the most likely mechanism of action of the catalysts was via alkyne binding and activation as a first step.
Cyclopentadienyl‐, Indenyl‐ and Fluorenyl‐Functionalized N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Metal Complexes: Synthesis and Catalytic Applications Cyclopentadienyl–NHC Iron Complexes for Solvent‐Free Catalytic Hydrosilylation of Aldehydes and Ketones Hydroalumination of Bis(alkynyl)silanes: Generation of Chelating Lewis Acids, Their Application in the Coordination of Chloride Ions and a 1,1‐Carbalumination Reaction Dinuclear and Mononuclear Chromium Acetylide Complexes Synthetic, Structural, and Catalytic Studies of Well‐Defined Allyl 1,2,3‐Triazol‐5‐ylidene (tzNHC) Palladium Complexes (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 9/2012)
Authors: Royo Beatriz , Sortais Jean‐Baptiste , Darcel Christophe , Uhl Werner , Berke Heinz , Fukuzawa Shin‐ichi
Published: March 2012

The front cover picture shows the broad coverage of organometallic chemistry spanning the periodic table from transition metals to main‐group elements and encompassing topics such as NHC‐functionalized cyclopentadienyl complexes (Beatriz Royo et al.), cyclopentadienyl–NHC piano‐stool iron complexes (Jean‐Baptiste Sortais, Christophe Darcel et al.), aluminum‐based Lewis acids (Werner Uhl et al.), electronic communication in new carbon‐rich compounds (Heinz Berke et al.), and (η3‐allyl)palladium complexes ( (Shin‐ichi Fukuzawa et al.). The Japanese character behind the last graphic means “Life” and aptly points to the life in the field of organometallics, reflected in the diversity of the applications from catalysis to molecular electronics. We thank these groups of researchers for contributing graphics to this composite cover.

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Estimation of monotonic behavior of reinforced concrete columns considering shear‐flexure‐axial load interaction
Authors: Lodhi M. S. , Sezen H.
Published: March 2012

Reinforced concrete columns with insufficient transverse reinforcement and non‐seismic reinforcement details are vulnerable to brittle shear failure and to loss of axial load carrying capacity in the event of a strong earthquake. In this paper, a procedure is presented after examining the application of two macro models for displacement‐based analysis of reinforced concrete columns subjected to lateral loads. In the proposed model, lateral load‐deformation response of the column is simulated by estimating flexural and shear deformation components separately while considering their interaction and then combining these together according to a set of rules depending upon column's yield, flexural and shear strengths. In addition, lateral deformation caused by reinforcement slip in beam–column joint regions and buckling of compression bars are taken into account and considered in the analysis. Implementation of the proposed procedure produces satisfactory lateral load–displacement relationships, which are comparable with experimental data. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of aftershocks on peak ductility demand due to strong ground motion records from shallow crustal earthquakes
Authors: Goda Katsuichiro , Taylor Colin A.
Published: March 2012

Aftershocks induced by a large mainshock can cause additional damage to structures and infrastructure, hampering building reoccupation and restoration activities in a post‐disaster situation. To assess the nonlinear damage potential due to aftershocks, this study investigates the effects of aftershocks by using real as well as artificially generated mainshock–aftershock sequences. The real mainshock–aftershock sequences are constructed from the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center—Next Generation Attenuation database for worldwide shallow crustal earthquakes; however, they are deemed to be incomplete because of missing records. To supplement incomplete real dataset, artificial sequences are generated on the basis of the generalized Omori's law, and a suitable aftershock record selection procedure is then devised to simulate time‐series data for mainshock–aftershock sequences. The results from nonlinear dynamic analysis of inelastic single‐degree‐of‐freedom systems using real and artificial sequences indicate that the incremental effects of aftershocks on peak ductility demand using the real sequences are relatively minor and that peak ductility demand estimates based on the generalized Omori's law are greater, particularly in the upper tail, than those for the real sequences. The results based on the generalized Omori's law also suggest that the aftershock effects based on the real sequences might underestimate the aftershock impact because of the incompleteness of the real dataset. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strong seasonality in sand loading and resulting feedbacks on sediment transport, bed texture, and channel planform at Mount Pinatubo, Philippines
Authors: Gran Karen B.
Published: March 2012

Declining sand inputs to a channel with bimodal bed sediment can lead to degradation, armoring, and reduced bedload transport rates. Where sand loading is episodic, channels may alternate between high‐sand and low‐sand conditions, with ensuing responses in bed texture and bedload transport rates. The effects of episodic sand loading are explored through flow, grain size, and bedload transport measurements on the Pasig‐Potrero River, a sediment‐rich channel draining Mount Pinatubo, Philippines. Sand loading on the Pasig‐Potrero River is highly seasonal, and channel adjustments between seasons are dramatic. In the rainy season, inputs from sand‐rich 1991 eruption deposits lead to active, sand‐bedded, braided channels. In the dry season, many precipitation‐driven sand sources are cut off, leading to incision, armoring, and significantly lower bedload transport rates. This seasonal transition offers an excellent opportunity to examine models of degradation, incision, and armoring as well as the effectiveness of sediment transport models that explicitly encapsulate the importance of sand on transport rates. During the fall 2009 seasonal transition, 7·6 km of channel incised and armored, carving a 2–3 m deep channel on the upper alluvial fan. Bedload transport rates measured in the August 2009 rainy season were over four orders of magnitude greater than gravel‐bedded dry‐season channels surveyed in January 2010, despite having similar shear stress and unit discharge conditions. Within dry‐season incised channels, bed armoring is rapid, leading to an abrupt gravel‐sand transition. Bedload transport rates adjust more slowly, creating a lag between armoring and commensurate reductions in transport. Seasonal channel incision occurred in steps, aided by lateral migration into sand‐rich banks. These lateral sand inputs may increase armor layer mobility, renewing incision, and forming terraces within the incised seasonal channel. The seasonal incised channel is currently being reset by precipitation‐driven sand loading during the next rainy season, and the cycle begins again. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catalyst Layers for PEMFC Manufactured by Flexography Printing Process: Performances and Structure
Authors: Bois C. , Blayo A. , Chaussy D. , Vincent R. , Mercier A.‐G. , Nayoze C.
Published: March 2012

This article focuses on the potential of a classic printing process, flexography, for manufacturing proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) are produced by deposition of a water‐based catalyst ink on a gas diffusion layer (GDL). The affinity between the ink and the GDL is quantified. Thus, the strong hydrophobic character of the GDL and the poor printability of the ink are demonstrated. However, the permeability of the GDL allows developing a multilayer protocol. The deposition by superimposition of ink layers allows control of the platinum amount and to obtain catalyst layers with a similar density of platinum nanoparticles to coated samples. At similar platinum loading, flexography and coating made catalyst layers offer similar performances, which confirm the relevance of flexography in catalyst layer manufacturing. Structural characterization shows that manufacturing protocol and process has an influence on catalyst layer microstructure. However, catalyst layer cracking and aggregation are increased with the catalyst layer thickness, diminishing the charge and gas diffusion into the catalyst layer resulting in performance degradation. Consequently, a catalyst layer with 0.46 mgPt cm–2 reaches similar performances to catalyst layers with 1.77 and 2.01 times less platinum loading.