bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of Unmanned Wing-in-ground Effect Vehicle with Tri-fold Main Wing
Authors: Shuang Xuecheng , Zhang Yan
Published: April 2021

This paper proposed an innovative design of unmanned wing-in-ground effect vehicle with tri-fold main wing, aiming at optimizing the main wing of unmanned vehicles based on its current application. The design also takes into account the speed and load in an effort to improve efficiency and broaden the application of the vehicle. In addition, the unmanned GEV is driven by electric power and propelled by the main and auxiliary propellers, which is well supported by the ground effect. The design features energy conservation and emission reduction, which is worthy of promoting in the market.
Causes of Affecting the Flow of Material and Energy in rivers——Taking Longji Terraces as an example
Authors: Wang Kaijie , Xu Delan , Zhu Xuelian
Published: April 2021

In order to explore the reasons that affect the flow of material and energy in the river, the Longji terraces are used as the research area, and the methods of field investigation and geospatial information technology are used to carry out research. The results show that human activities, vegetation coverage and the establishment of reservoirs are all factors that affect the flow of material and energy in the river.
SEM - based construction cost analysis of prefabricated building
Authors: Yang Hongxiong , Wang Yunpeng
Published: April 2021

Prefabricated buildings have comprehensive advantages over traditional buildings, but the reasons for the incremental cost in the construction stage are complex and need to be solved urgently. This paper takes the prefabricated components that have the greatest impact on the construction cost of prefabricated buildings as the research object, divides the construction process of prefabricated components into three stages: production, transportation and site installation of prefabricated components, studies the interrelation of each stage in combination with the application of information technology system of prefabricated components, and establishes a model by using structural equation. The results show that the production cost of prefabricated parts has a positive influence on the transportation and installation cost. Transportation and the application of information technology have the greatest impact on construction costs; the production and assembly of prefabricated parts have relatively little influence on the construction cost.
Dynamic simulation analysis of rail track and track structure based on SIMPACK and ABAQUS
Authors: Du Guoqiang , Han Feng , Fan Xianghui , Li Yuan , Liang Tao
Published: April 2021

With the continuous improvement of China's railway construction level, the requirements for the quality of train operation are also improved. For the mixed passenger and freight railway, it is necessary to transit from the simple design concept of safety to the design concept of the unity of comfort and safety. Therefore, modern numerical calculation method or simulation software method is used to replace the traditional quasi-static calculation method, and SIMPACK, ABAQUS and other related software are mainly used to analyze the operation quality and track structure dynamics of the line design scheme. The derailment coefficient, vertical acceleration and other evaluation indexes are used to evaluate the safety and comfort of the line, and the dynamic analysis of the track structure is carried out based on the vertical force. The research shows that under the condition of this line, when the passenger and freight train run at the designed speed per hour in the curve section, they can meet the specification requirements of various indexes, and there is still room for increasing speed, and the stress and strain value of the track structure can meet the specification requirements.
Evaluation of water resources carrying capacity based on cultivated land and urban construction scale -- a case study of Jinzhou City
Authors: Mengmeng Gao , Xiaolei Li , Nan Yang , Xiubo Sun , Qiong Liu , Yi Wang
Published: April 2021

Water resources play an important role in the natural environment, which is an irreplaceable resource for the survival and development of human society. Taking water resources as the research object, combined with the demand of social and economic development for water resources, this paper carried out the research on the evaluation method of cultivated land scale and urban construction scale under the constraints of water resources in Jinzhou. The results show that: the scale of cultivated land is 7215.98-7843.20km2, which is in surplus. Heishan County has the largest scale of cultivated land and Guta District has the smallest scale of cultivated land. The urban construction land scale is 229.89-279.02 km2, which is in surplus. Taihe District and Yixian County are overloaded, and the rest are surplus. The evaluation results can support the determination and decomposition of planning objectives and indicators, and provide an important scientific basis for the implementation of local land spatial planning.
Study on the edge space composition of urban living block and the renewal of old city——A case study of the Deshengqiao historic block
Authors: Zhihao Xia
Published: April 2021

The reconstruction of historic district is a hot topic in urban design in recent years. Weighing the interests of all parties, improving the space quality and meeting the use needs has become a century problem. In this paper, the Deshengqiao historic block is taken as an example to investigate by observing and recording the form of the inside and outside of the street and the edge space, people's behavior state, so that we can explore the use and future development of the edge space. According to the demand of the Deshengqiao residents who “want people to come in”, this paper puts forward a solution to present the Deshengqiao bolck’s most characteristic and life-rich articles and buildings in an artistic form, so as to create an attractive Street entrance and a comfortable communication place and spiritual space, enhancing the image of the city and giving play to the functions of edge spaces.
Research status and prospect of waste steel fiber reinforced concrete
Authors: Binglin Yu
Published: April 2021

Scrap steel fiber concrete (SFRC) is a new kind of concrete material, which uses the scrap steel fiber from the scrap tire as the reinforced fiber of FRP bar fiber reinforced concrete, replacing or partially replacing the traditional steel fiber and synthetic fiber. This paper summarizes the research status of waste steel fiber at home and abroad, including the mechanical properties of compressive and tensile resistance, the mixing amount and use requirements of waste steel fiber, and finally the development prospect of waste steel fiber concrete is forecasted
Evaluation Index System of Construction Industry Development under the High-quality Development
Authors: Gao Xizhen , Wang Huimin
Published: April 2021

Under the background of the new era, it is of great strategic significance for the construction industry and the national economy to study and promote the construction industry. With the five development concepts as the guiding ideology, the system of development of construction industry is constructed in order to provide reference for promoting the the develop high quality of construction industry in China.
Discussion on strengthening construction technology of sluice in water conservancy project
Authors: Wu Sannan , Wang Yingchun
Published: April 2021

With the development of China’s social economy and science and technology, all aspects of the construction are also growing rapidly, water conservancy project is one of the very important infrastructures in China, for promoting the development of China’s economy and science and technology has a positive significance. With the promotion of social economy and science and technology, the number of water conservancy projects has been greatly improved. At present, water conservancy projects of different sizes, large and small, are being carried on continuously. With the vigorous development of water conservancy project, higher requirements are put forward for water conservancy project construction. Sluices plays an extremely important role in water conservancy project, sluice is built on the river to control the flow of important facilities, water conservancy construction of downstream river drainage, water supply, flood control has an important role in flood season, therefore, guaranteeing the quality of lock of water conservancy project on the surrounding residents’ life safety and property safety is of great significance. This paper expounds the significance of sluice reinforcement in water conservancy projects, analyzes on the technical points of sluice reinforcement, and further discusses them with practical examples for reference.
La recherche transdisciplinaire au sein des institutions d’enseignement supérieur et de recherche
Authors: Hermesse Julie , Vankeerberghen Audrey
Published: April 2021

Ce texte présente les principales questions et réflexions qui ont traversé la journée d’étude « La recherche transdisciplinaire au sein des universités » organisée le 14 septembre 2018 à l’Université libre de Bruxelles. La transdisciplinarité contribue aux transformations sociétales par la production d’un savoir hybride, à la fois scientifique et socialement pertinent. Si cela correspond aux missions de recherche et de service à la société prônées par les institutions académiques, force est de constater que la recherche transdisciplinaire ne s’y installe pas sans tension et ne bénéficie pas encore d’une légitimité reconnue. Partant de ce constat, cette journée fut l’occasion de mettre en dialogue différents acteurs concernés par la transdisciplinarité afin de réfléchir aux enjeux propres à la mise en œuvre de ce mode de recherche dans les institutions académiques : financement, légitimité des connaissances produites ou encore modes de validation des carrières scientifiques. Ces réflexions ont généré des débats, pointé des obstacles mais également actionné des leviers pour permettre la transition nécessaire au déploiement de la transdisciplinarité.
Adjustment of credit period and stock-dependent demands in a supply chain model with variable imperfectness
Authors: Banu Ateka , Manna Amalesh Kumar , Mondal Shyamal Kumar
Published: April 2021

In this model, a supply chain model has been developed where a manufacturer continuously transports perfect quality items at no cost to a distribution center to maintain the market demand. At the beginning of the process, the production process is in an “in-control” state, but after a random time, it goes to an “out-of-control” state. Thus the production process produces perfect as well as imperfect items in this state. The rate of imperfect production depends on production rate and production-run length in the “out-of-control” state. The unit production cost of the manufacturer depends on the production rate which indicates that the higher production rate is the cause of higher production cost if it exceeds the normal production rate set by the manufacturer. The manufacturer provides a credit period to the distributor to increase his sales growth. In the competitive business world, credit period affects the demand rate of a retailer/buyer due to its late payment facility. So, here, credit period dependent demand function is introduced for the distributor. During the festive season, demand factor of products is usually affected by stock level. Also, for some types of products (such as clothing), the demand factor depends on its stock level. Thus we have considered stock-dependent demand function for the customers. Now, in an infinite time horizon, the problem is how they adjust their demands to sustain the whole system’s financial flow. The novelty of this model is to analyze the compatibility of this two-type of demand in their businesses so that both can maintain their profits. Also, there is another credit length which is offered by the distributor. The proposed model has been discussed in type-2 fuzzy environment due to the uncertainty of the credit period. The purpose of this model is to optimize the integrated profit of the system by optimizing production rate and production-run time. Finally, numerical examples have been provided to illustrate the feasibility of both crisp and fuzzy model and some conclusions are derived conducting a sensitivity analysis of different parameters.
The number of biopsy specimens can influence the non-lifting sign in colorectal laterally spreading tumors
Authors: Liu Yang , Wei Ning , Shi Rui Hua
Published: April 2021

Background Although the problem of whether to perform a biopsy before endoscopic treatment for colorectal laterally spreading tumor (LST) troubles clinicians, about 50 % of lesions still undergo a preceding biopsy. We aimed to explore factors affecting the non-lifting sign in LST and examine the influence of “biopsy-related factors”, such as the number of biopsy specimens and the interval after biopsy on non-lifting sign in cases with a history of biopsy.

Methods Clinical data of 159 LSTs regarding age, gender, history of biopsy, tumor location, tumor size, the depth of submucosal invasion, tumor configuration, histologic type, location with respect to the fold, and result of non-lifting sign testing were investigated retrospectively. For patients with a history of biopsy, the period after biopsy and the number of biopsy specimens also were analyzed.

Results Among 159 cases of LST, 112 were positive and 47 were negative for lifting signs. Biopsy history (p = 0.008), tumor size (p = 0.010), and location with respect to the fold (p = 0.022) were identified as factors affecting the non-lifting sign in multivariate analyses. In 75 LST cases with a history of biopsy, only the number of biopsies (p = 0.003) was identified as a factor affecting the non-lifting sign in multivariate analyses.

Conclusions For LST, lesions with larger size, being across the fold, and biopsy history were predictive factors for non-lifting signs. Reducing the number of biopsies would reduce the occurrence of non-lifting signs when biopsy is necessary. The impact of the interval after the biopsy on the non-lifting sign will require further study.
Postinfectious T-lymphocytic enteral leiomyositis as a rare cause of chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction
Authors: Sarfo Bismark Osei , Kopdag Hakan , Pott Marian-Christopher , Stiedenroth Lars , Nahrstedt Ulf , Schäfer Hansjörg , von Wichert Götz
Published: April 2021

T-lymphocytic enteral leiomyositis (T-lel) is a rare disorder causing chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO), with cases predominantly being reported in the field of veterinary and pediatric medicine. Here, we present a case of T-lel-associated CIPO in an adult female, who initially presented with a paralytic ileus 2 weeks after a common gastroenteritis. The histological diagnosis was established through full-thickness bowel biopsy, exhibiting a dense lymphocytic infiltrate in the lamina muscularis of the intestinal wall. This case shows that T-lel can be a cause of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction not only in children but also in adults. A subsequent induction of an immunosuppressive therapy with steroids, azathioprine, and ultimately TNF-alpha-inhibiting antibodies led to a slow recovery and stable disease.
Second-generation colon capsule endoscopy for detection of colorectal polyps: Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials
Authors: Möllers Tobias , Schwab Matthias , Gildein Lisa , Hoffmeister Michael , Albert Jörg , Brenner Hermann , Jäger Simon
Published: April 2021

Background and study aims Adherence to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is still unsatisfactory in many countries, thereby limiting prevention of CRC. Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE), a minimally invasive procedure, could be an alternative to fecal immunochemical tests or optical colonoscopy for CRC screening, and might increase adherence in CRC screening. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of CCE compared to optical colonoscopy (OC) as the gold standard, adequacy of bowel preparation regimes and the patient perspective on diagnostic measures.

Methods We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Register for Clinical Trials. Pooled estimates for sensitivity, specificity and the diagnostic odds ratio with their respective 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for studies providing sufficient data.

Results Of 840 initially identified studies, 13 were included in the systematic review and up to 9 in the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivities and specificities for polyps ≥ 6 mm were 87 % (95 % CI: 83 %–90 %) and 87 % (95 % CI: 76 %–93 %) in 8 studies, respectively. For polyps ≥ 10 mm, the pooled estimates for sensitivities and specificities were 87 % (95 % CI: 83 %–90 %) and 95 % (95 % CI: 92 %–97 %) in 9 studies, respectively. A patients’ perspective was assessed in 31 % (n = 4) of studies, and no preference of CCE over OC was reported. Bowel preparation was adequate in 61 % to 92 % of CCE exams.

Conclusions CCE provides high diagnostic accuracy in an adequately cleaned large bowel. Conclusive findings on patient perspectives require further studies to increase acceptance/adherence of CCE for CRC screening.
Chiral Silver Alkoxide Catalyzed Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of Alkenyl Esters with Isatins
Authors: Yanagisawa Akira , Kawada Aiko
Published: April 2021

A catalytic enantioselective aldol reaction of alkenyl esters with isatins was achieved using a DM-BINAP·AgOTf complex as the chiral precatalyst and N,N-diisopropylethylamine as the base precatalyst in the presence of methanol or 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol. Optically active 3-alkylated 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles having up to 98% ee were diastereoselectively obtained in moderate to high yields not only from cyclic alkenyl esters but also from acyclic ones through the in situ generated chiral silver enolates.
Synthesis of 2,24-Diene-12,13,15,16,34,35,37,38-octaphenyl[4.4]triphenylparacyclophane
Authors: Hua Duy H. , Wiredu Bernard , Thapa Mahendra , Hua Sheen Y. , Desper John
Published: April 2021

A new octaphenyl[4.4]triphenylparacyclophanediene was readily synthesized in six steps from p-xylene via the installment of bromine atoms, replacement with a vinyl group, carbonylative coupling, intermolecular followed by intramolecular double Grubbs olefin metathesis, Knoevenagel condensation, and Diels–Alder cycloaddition. The belt-shaped structure and trans-stereochemistry of the alkene moieties of the octaphenyl[4.4]triphenylparacyclophane and a synthetic intermediate, 2,21-dioxo-11,30-diene[3.4.3.4]paracyclophane, were determined by X-ray crystallography. The synthetic methodology leading to octaphenyl[4.4]triphenylparacyclophane is applicable for the synthesis of substituted triphenylparacyclophanes and possibly their corresponding bis-hexabenzocoronenylparacyclophanes via a Scholl–Mullen oxidative aryl-aryl coupling reaction.
Designed Synthesis of Diversely Substituted Hydantoins and Hydantoin-Based Hybrid Molecules: A Personal Account
Authors: Kumar Vinod
Published: April 2021

Hydantoin and its analogues such as thiohydantoin and iminohydantoin have received substantial attention from both a chemical and a biological point of view. Several compounds of this class have shown useful pharmacological activities such as anticonvulsant, antitumor, antiarrhythmic, and herbicidal properties that have led, in some cases, to clinical applications. Because of these broad-spectrum activities, intensive research efforts have been dedicated in industry and academia to the synthesis and structural modifications of hydantoin and its derivatives. Realizing the importance of hydantoin in organic and medicinal chemistry, we also initiated a research program that successfully designed and developed new routes and methods for the formation of hydantoin, thiohydantoin, and iminohydantoin substituted at various positions, particularly at the N-1 position without following a protection–deprotection strategy. Because combinations of two or more pharmacophoric groups can lead to hybrid molecules that display a mixed mechanism of action on biological targets, we extended our developed strategy to the syntheses of new types of hydantoin-based hybrid molecules by combining hydantoin with a triazole, isoxazoline, or phosphate scaffold as a second pharmacophore to exploit their diverse biological functions.

1 Introduction

2 Chemistry and Properties

2.1 Physical Properties

2.2 Chemical Properties

2.3 Biological Properties

3 General Synthetic Methods

4 Synthesis of Diversely Substituted Hydantoins

5 Synthesis of Diversely Substituted Thiohydantoins

6 Synthesis of Diversely Substituted Iminohydantoins

7 Fused or Bicyclic (Thio)hydantoins

8 Di- or Multivalent (Thio)hydantoins

9 Hydantoin-Based Hybrid Molecules

9.1 Hydantoin–Isooxazoline Hybrids

9.2 Hydantoin–Triazole Hybrids

9.3 Hydantoin–Phosphate Hybrids: Phosphorylated Hydantoins

10 Summary and Outlook
Reconstruction of Craniectomy for Microvascular Decompression with Autologous Particulate Bone
Authors: Liu Weichao , Yuan Ye , Xiong Nanxiang , Wang Qiangping , Zhang Fangcheng , Zhao Hongyang , Xu Hao , Nayaz Alading , Hendrik Pool , Sean Dickinson James
Published: April 2021

Background and Study Objective Cranioplasty after microvascular decompression (MVD) is important for preventing postoperative complications such as headache. Autologous particulate bone is a common material for cranioplasty. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of using autologous particulate bone to reconstruct the cranial defect produced by MVD.

Patients and Methods Data were collected from January 2013 to December 2016 from 243 patients who underwent suboccipital retrosigmoidal craniectomy for MVD. The patients were then further divided into two groups: in the first group (from January 2013–October 2015), a cranioplasty was performed using a combination of bone dust (taken from a power drill) and particulate bone (harvested with a rongeur); in the second group (from November 2015–December 2016), the cranial defect was reconstructed using particulate bone alone. Healing of the cranial defect was observed during the follow-up.

Results Early postoperative computed tomography (CT), performed during the hospital stay, revealed that the filling of the cranial defects of the first group was better than that of the second group. In addition, surgical-site infections (SSIs) occurred in 13 patients in the first group (9.92%) versus 2 patients in the second group (1.79%). The SSI rate of the first group was significantly higher than that of the second group (p < 0.05). Long-term follow-up CT demonstrated that the average reconstruction rate ((volume of the reconstruction area)/(volume of the cranial defect) × 100%) was 47.88% for the first group and 43.94% for the second group (p > 0.05).

Conclusion The use of autologous particulate bone to reconstruct cranial defects after MVD has a good effect and is thus a useful and valuable technique. Bone dust may result in a higher incidence of SSI.
The Influence of Music on Neurosurgical Cases: A Neglected Knowledge
Authors: Gasenzer Elena Romana , Kanat Ayhan , Nakamura Makoto
Published: April 2021

Background The human brain can respond to and participate in music. Learning to play a musical instrument requires complex multimodal skills involving the simultaneous perception of several sensory modalities. In case of brain damage, the musician and nonmusician brains may have different capacities for reorganization and neural remapping. We aimed to investigate the effect of music on patients who had a brain tumor and/or underwent a neurosurgical procedure, comparing the recovery of those who had a musical background with those who did not.

Methods A literature review was performed to search for any evidence on this issue. We divided the cases into two groups: as group I consisted of the nonmusician patients, while group II consisted of musicians with a neurosurgical disease. Studies were rated from 0 (no effect) to 4 (high effect).

Results We found seven published studies as well as case reports. It was observed that the outcomes and quality of life of the musician group were better than those of the control groups or nonmusician patients in all of the investigated studies, but no statistical difference between musicians and nonmusicians was found.

Conclusion Music-related structural changes in the brain may occur in musicians. However with limited number of cases, it cannot be assorted the improved recovery in musicians after neurosurgical disease or procedures by his or her enhanced plasticity. There are limited number of cases, for that reason, it cannot be assorted the improved recovery in musicians after neurosurgical disease or procedures by his or her enhanced plasticity. Professional musicians, who are making a living through their musical abilities, may also have a strong motivation to undergo stressful and enduring rehabilitation. An early restart of the musical activity in musicians with neurosurgical disease may lead to better outcomes, better quality of life, and better psychological parameters, in a shorter time than in nonmusicians.
Analysis of Clinical, Imaging, and Pathologic Features of 36 Patients with Primary Intraspinal Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Wei Xuefeng , Zhang Xu , Song Zimu , Wang Feng
Published: April 2021

Background and Study Aims Primary intraspinal primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) account for ∼0.4% of all intraspinal tumors, but information about these tumors in the medical literature is limited to single case reports. We report four cases of primary intraspinal PNETs and present a systematic literature review of the reported cases.

Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the clinical data of 4 patients with primary intraspinal PNETs who underwent neurosurgical treatment at our clinic between January 2013 and January 2020, and of 32 cases reported in the literature.

Results The female-to-male ratio was 2.6:1. The mean patient age was 21.42 ± 15.76 years (range: 1–60 years), and patients <36 years of age accounted for 83.30% of the study cohort. Progressive limb weakness and numbness were the chief symptoms (accounting for ∼55.6%). The mean complaint duration was 0.89 ± 0.66 months for males and 2.72 ± 3.82 months for females (p = 0.028). Epidural (41.7%) was the most common site, and thoracic (47.3%) was the most frequent location. Most PNETs were peripheral, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance was isointense or mildly hypointense on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. Homogeneous contrast enhancement was observed. The 1-year survival rate of patients who underwent chemoradiation after total or subtotal lesion resection was better compared with patients who did not undergo chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or total or subtotal resection. The modality of treatment was associated with survival time (p = 0.007).

Conclusion Primary intraspinal PNETs mainly occur in young people with a female preponderance. In patients with a rapid loss of lower limb muscle strength and large intraspinal lesions on MRI, PNETs should be considered. Surgical resection and adjuvant radio chemotherapy are key prognostic factors.
Utility of Preoperative Electrodiagnosis Together with Peripheral Nerve High-Resolution Ultrasound: A Complex Case Report of Neurofibromatosis Type I
Authors: Basaldella Federica , Rasera Andrea , Zanette Giampietro , Moscolo Fabio , Sala Francesco , Bonetti Bruno , Squintani Giovanna
Published: April 2021

Our case report underscores the importance of electroneuromyography (ENMG) combined with peripheral nerve high-resolution ultrasound (HRUS) in the evaluation of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). A 49-year-old woman affected by NF1 came to our attention because of new-onset left arm weakness and atrophy. Debulking of a cervicothoracic C7–T1 neurofibroma had been performed 8 years earlier. On current admission, magnetic resonance imaging disclosed increased lesion volume that was thought to cause the neurologic deficits by compressing the C8 root. Findings from intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring during repeat debulking suggested that C8 root integrity had been compromised during the first operation and that the new-onset symptoms probably stemmed from peripheral nervous system damage distal to the cervical roots. Postoperative ENMG showed chronic denervation signs in the muscles innervated by C7–C8–T1 roots, moderate carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), and ulnar nerve conduction block at the elbow. HRUS confirmed the CTS and revealed multiple neurofibromas involving the distal tract of the radial, ulnar, and median nerves. Surgical debulking was considered unnecessary in this case. ENMG combined with nerve and plexus HRUS evaluation may help identify the cause of neurologic deficits and choose the best surgical option in such complex clinical conditions as NF1.
Does Microalbuminuria Predict Mortality in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit?
Authors: Akbas Baris , Ozdemir Asena A. , Arslankoylu Ali E.
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of microalbuminuria (MA) to predict the mortality in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Between December 2014 and November 2015, 250 patients who were 1 month to 18 years old monitored at least 24 hours in PICU and met study criteria were included. Spot urine samples were measured for microalbuminuria. Pediatric Risk of Mortality III-24 and Pediatric Multiple Organ Dysfunction scores were calculated by using the worst parameters in first 24 hours. The collected data were analyzed with statistical methods and compared with mortality scoring systems and observed mortality. MA values were significantly higher in nonsurvivors than the average of the survivors (18 vs. 48 mg/g, p < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristics curve analysis showed that the areas under the curves for MA was 0.81 at a cut-off value of 32 mg/g, MA measured in 24 hours of admission to PICU may be able to discriminate between patients a with sensitivity of 85.2, specificity of 70.8%, positive predictive value of 31.5%, and negative predictive value of 96.8%. MA is a useful tool to predict mortality in PICU.
Treatment of Massive Systemic Air Embolism During Lung Biopsy
Authors: Chamsuddin Abbas , Ashou Raja
Published: April 2021

Percutaneous needle biopsy of lung lesions is commonly used and is usually regarded as a safe procedure with limited morbidity and extremely rare mortality. Most frequent complications are pneumothoax, pulmonary bleeding and hemoptysis. Other rare complications include systemic air embolus, tumor implantation and empyema. Systemic air emboli are extremely rare with a published incidence of 0.02' from a lung biopsy survey in the United Kingdom to 0.07' in the literature, but are serious and can be fatal. We present a case of massive air embolism occurring during lung biopsy and describe the technique used for immediate treatment.
Whither geographic proximity? Bypassing local R&D units in foreign university collaboration
Authors: Belderbos René , Grabowska Marcelina , Kelchtermans Stijn , Leten Bart , Jacob Jojo , Riccaboni Massimo
Published: April 2021

MNCs often engage in international research collaborations with foreign universities through one of their central R&D laboratories (at headquarters or elsewhere) even though they operate a local R&D unit close to that university, and hence forego the benefits of geographic proximity and local collaboration. Drawing on the knowledge-based theory of the firm, we hypothesize that the choice between distant and local collaboration systematically relates to the knowledge capabilities of the firms’ R&D units, the characteristics of the focal knowledge, and local knowledge leakage risks. Analysis of close to 13,000 research collaborations with foreign universities by the world’s major biopharmaceutical firms (1995–2015) confirms that collaboration at distance occurs if this allows the firm to benefit from scale and knowledge diversity advantages, if the central unit has strong basic research capabilities, and if collaboration is in a core research domain of the MNC while rival firms are locally present. Maturity of the focal research domain is associated with local collaboration. Our findings qualify the common arguments in favor of collaboration in proximity and suggest that (distant) central R&D units are important orchestrators of research collaboration with universities around the globe.
Understanding tissue stiffness and how cells restrict the way extracellular matrices can deform
Authors: McConnon Aili
Published: April 2021

Studying the compression-stiffening behavior of soft tissues and why this feature seemingly defies the compression softening response one would expect based on the underlying fibrous network and the compressive response of purified networks.
Frequency-independent voltage amplitude across a tunnel junction
Authors: Feigl Simon , Vranik Radovan , Wit Bareld , Müllegger Stefan
Published: April 2021

Radio-frequency (rf) scanning tunneling microscopy has recently been advanced to methods such as single-atom spin resonance. Such methods benefit from a frequency-independent rf voltage amplitude across the tunnel junction, which is challenging to achieve due to the strong frequency dependence of the rf attenuation in a transmission line. Two calibration methods for the rf amplitude have been reported to date. In this Note, we present an alternative method to achieve a frequency-independent rf voltage amplitude across the tunnel junction and show the results of this calibration. The presented procedure is applicable to devices that can deliver rf voltage to a tunnel junction.
Solution processed high performance ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thin film transistor on glass substrate
Authors: Hasan Md. Mehedi , Ahn Chang Won , Kim Tae Heon , Jang Jin
Published: April 2021

Thin film transistors (TFTs) with a ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) gate insulator (GI) have been reported by using the vacuum process for HZO such as sputtering and atomic layer deposition methods. We report in this paper the ZnO TFT with ferroelectric GI using solution processed AlOx/HZO. AlOx assists in the initiation of ferroelectricity by applying large mechanical stress and provides a sufficient amount of oxygen vacancy to the underlying HZO. X-ray diffraction and capacitance-voltage, polarization-voltage, and anti-clockwise hystereses in the transfer curve confirm the formation of the ferroelectric phase of HZO. The AlOx/HZO TFTs exhibited a field-effect mobility of 140 cm2/V s, an on/off current ratio of 109, and a sub-threshold swing of 0.32 V/decade. The TFT shows a good bias-voltage tunable memory window of ∼4.5 V and memory retention characteristics up to 10 000 s for a programing/erasing voltage of ±10 V with a pulse width of 0.5 s. This work demonstrates the fabrication of ferroelectric HZO TFT using the solution process, and the results can be applied to ferroelectric oxide semiconductor TFT electronics.
Transient particle acceleration by a dawn–dusk electric field in a current sheet
Authors: Sasunov Yu. L. , Khodachenko M. L. , Kubyshkin I. V. , Dwivedi N. , Alexeev I. I. , Belenkaya E. S. , Malova H. V. , Kulminskaya N.
Published: April 2021

The influence of a dawn–dusk electric field Ey on transient particles in a 1D current sheet (CS), characterized by the normal (Bz) and tangential (Bx) components of the magnetic field, is studied. The motion and energization of particles injected at the edges of a CS are investigated within the framework of the trajectory method. The analytical treatment reveals that in the case of uniform Bz and Ey, the dynamics of transient particles are described by magnetic flux conservation on specific segments of the trajectory, which allows prediction of some specific properties of the velocity space inside the CS. Verification of the analytical treatment by means of test-particle numerical modeling demonstrates good agreement. In particular, it is shown that the CS can play the role of a converging lens that focuses particles to pitch-angle values close to θ∼π. At the same time, the analysis reveals that the particle energy gain stays within the range of ΔW∈2m[(Ey/Bz)2,(Ey/Bz)(v0+Ey/Bz)], where m is the particle mass and v0 is the initial particle speed (i.e., v0=v·v). The limits of the range depend only weakly on the CS half-thickness. The analysis reveals that for the typical parameters of Ey and Bz in the stationary terrestrial magnetotail, protons with v0≃450 km/s (before CS crossing) can be accelerated along the CS up to vx≃1800 km/s.
Strong yellow emission of polaronic magnetic exciton in Fe3+-doped CsCdCl3 perovskites
Authors: Ge Shuaigang , Wei Qilin , Jia Wenyong , Liang Yi , Peng Chengyu , Tian Ye , Zou Bingsuo
Published: April 2021

All-inorganic metal halide perovskite semiconductor materials have a wide range of potential applications for their excellent optoelectronic properties. Among those metal halides studied, cesium cadmium chloride has not been fully studied. Here, we report the simple synthesis and optical properties of Fe3+ doped CsCdCl3 perovskite powder by the hydrothermal technique; the products give a strong yellow photoluminescence quantum yield up to 63.22%. The powder x-ray diffraction pattern shows that the Fe3+ introduction does not change the hexagonal structure of the host lattice, magnetic characterization indicated direct Fe–Fe ferromagnetic coupling, and the photoluminescence enhancement is due to the overlapping of the self-trapped state and the d–d transition of the ferromagnetic Fe3+ pair, i.e., magnetic polarons.
Spin–orbit torque controllable complete spin logic in a single magnetic heterojunction
Authors: Dong Y. N. , Zhao X. N. , Han X. , Fan Y. B. , Xie X. J. , Chen Y. X. , Bai L. H. , Dai Y. Y. , Yan S. S. , Tian Y. F.
Published: April 2021

The realization of complete spin logic within a single nonvolatile memory cell is a promising approach toward next-generation low-power stateful logic circuits. In this work, we demonstrate that all 16 Boolean logic functions can be realized within a single four-state nonvolatile IrMn/Co/Ru/CoPt magnetic heterojunction, where controllable field-free spin–orbit torque switching of the perpendicularly magnetized CoPt alloy is obtained, relying on the interlayer exchange coupling and exchange bias effect. By assigning different values to four variables of the four-state memory, that is, the initial control current pulse, the initial control magnetic field, and the input electrical potential of two terminals, in sequentially three steps, the complete Boolean logic functions are realized, while the anomalous Hall voltage of the devices is considered as logic output. The coexistence of nonvolatile four-state memory and complete spin logic functions holds promising application for future computing systems beyond von Neumann architecture.
Tunable band-pass optical vortex processor enabled by wash-out-refill chiral superstructures
Authors: Xu Chun-Ting , Chen Peng , Zhang Yi-Heng , Fan Xing-Yu , Lu Yan-Qing , Hu Wei
Published: April 2021

The manipulation of spatial parameters of light is at the cutting edge of optics. It is an interesting and important task to explore wavefront modulation approaches with a continuously tunable working band and dynamically switchable functions. Here, we program the alignment of a polymerizable cholesteric liquid crystal by a dynamic photo-patterning technique. After UV curing and a wash-out-refill process, the designed chiral superstructure is well reconstructed. By this means, a Dammann grating encoded q-plate is fabricated and its function as an optical vortex processor is demonstrated. The working band is electrically tuned and covers a broad range of 137 nm. The switching of mode conversion is achieved on a second scale for given wavelengths based on the electric-driven band shift. This strategy offers a platform for multi-dimensional dynamic control of light and may bring more possibilities to optical imaging, informatics, and micromanipulations.
Optically pumped argon metastable laser with repetitively pulsed discharge in a closed chamber
Authors: Zhang Z. , Lei P. , Song Z. , Sun P. , Zuo D. , Wang X.
Published: April 2021

The optically pumped rare gas laser (OPRGL) is an innovative type of gas laser, which has the potential to be a candidate for high-energy lasers (HELs), in which metastable rare gas atoms generated by gas discharge are used as active particles. To realize these kinds of lasers as HELs in field application, high efficiency and low cost are necessary. For this purpose, we demonstrated a closed-chamber operation with repetitively pulsed gas discharge for an OPRGL of argon metastables. The pulsed discharge was powered by a home-made LC generator, which provided a high efficiency for the deposition of electric energy. The metastable density produced was higher than 1012 cm−3, quite enough for efficient laser operation. The dependencies of laser radiation on the parameters of discharge voltage, gas pressure, and argon concentration were studied, which showed an optimized argon concentration of 1%. Long-time operations were also performed, which demonstrated the practicability of the operation of OPRGL in a closed chamber, with the avoiding of the running away of rare gases in the open cycle of flowing operation.
Eigensolutions and thermodynamic properties of deformed and modified Morse potential model
Authors: Akanbi T. A. , Onate C. A. , Oludoun O. Y.
Published: April 2021

A four parameter exponential-type potential known as the deformed and modified Morse potential model was proposed. The solution of the one-dimensional radial Schrӧdinger equation was obtained in the presence of the proposed potential for an arbitrary ℓ-state using a parametric Nikiforov–Uvarov method. The energy equation was used to obtain the eigenvalues for the cesium molecule and tin carbide for various states. The effects of the deformed parameter on the eigenvalues were studied. The result for the Morse potential was obtained by fixing the deformed parameter to zero. Finally, the thermal properties of the proposed potential and the Morse potential were studied in detail. The result obtained revealed that the behavior of the energy eigenvalue for the deformed and modified Morse potential with the deformed parameter (b) equals one, is same as the behavior of the energy eigenvalue for the actual Morse potential.
Direct measurement of thrust induced by a magnetron sputtering source
Authors: Takahashi Kazunori , Miura Hidemasa
Published: April 2021

The direct measurement of thrust imparted by a magnetron sputtering source operated in argon is performed using a pendulum thrust balance immersed in vacuum, where various target materials are tested. The imparted thrust is clearly changed by the target material, while the ion density, which is expected to be mostly the argon ions, is unchanged. The maximum thrust-to-power ratio of 10–12 mN/kW is obtained for a copper target, which has a maximum sputtering yield in the target materials tested here. It is shown that the plasma pressure force is much smaller than the detected thrust, demonstrating the thrust generation via the material ejection by the sputtering process.
Highly sensitive FET sensors for cadmium detection in one drop of human serum with a hand-held device and investigation of the sensing mechanism
Authors: Wang Shin-Li , Hsieh Ching-Yen , Wu Chang-Run , Chen Jung-Chih , Wang Yu-Lin
Published: April 2021

As the heavy metal contamination is becoming worse, monitoring the heavy metal content in water or human body gets more and more important. In this research, a cadmium ion-selective field effect transistor (Cd-ISFET) for rapidly detecting cadmium ions has been developed and the mechanism of the sensor is also investigated in depth. Our Cd-ISFET sensor exhibits high sensitivity beyond the ideal Nernst sensitivity, wide dynamic range, low detection limit (∼10−11M), which is comparable with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and easy operation enabling people to detect cadmium ion by themselves. From the analysis of electrical measurement results, this Cd-ISFET is preferred to operate at the bias with the maximum transconductance of the FET to enhance the sensor signal. The AC impedance measurement is carried out to directly investigate the mechanism of an ion-selective membrane (ISM). From impedance results, the real part of the total impedance, which is the resistance, was shown to dominate the sensor signal. The potential drop across the ISM is caused by the heavy metal ion in the membrane, which is employed to the gate of the FET via an extended gate electrode. Cadmium ion detection in one drop of human serum with this sensor was demonstrated. This cost-effective and highly sensitive sensor is promising and can be used by anyone and anywhere to prevent people from cadmium poisoning.
Reconfigurable plasma-dielectric hybrid photonic crystal as a platform for electromagnetic wave manipulation and computing
Authors: Wang Benjamin , Rodríguez Jesse A. , Miller Oliver , Cappelli Mark A.
Published: April 2021

The introduction of 3D printing has enabled fabrication of photonic crystal devices with complex crystal structures that would be challenging to construct using other fabrication methods. In this paper, we construct and characterize a photonic crystal consisting of two 4 × 8 × 8 cubic lattices composed of spherical silicon nitride elements straddling a layer of 8 plasma discharge tubes, creating a 3D hybrid plasma photonic crystal device. Integrating under-dense gaseous plasma elements provides a unique coupling dynamic between the dielectric spheres and the cylindrical plasma discharges, creating a monolithic hybrid photonic crystal with solid state and reconfigurable elements. The device has resonant modes that have attenuation peaks that are either switchable, tunable in amplitude, or tunable in frequency with variations in plasma density. The response of these bands seen with varying plasma density is confirmed through simulations when effects due to the heating of the photonic crystal from the gaseous plasma elements are accounted for in the experiments. We discuss how this reconfigurable device may be used and expanded upon for applications in photonic artificial neural networks and optical computing systems.
A model of surface dielectric barrier discharge power
Authors: Wilde Nicholas D. , Xu Haofeng , Gomez-Vega Nicolas , Barrett Steven R. H.
Published: April 2021

Surface dielectric barrier discharges (SDBDs) are a type of asymmetric dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) that can be used to generate ions and produce aerodynamic forces in air. They have shown promise in a range of aerospace applications, including as actuators for solid-state aircraft control or aerodynamic enhancement and as ion sources for electroaerodynamic aircraft propulsion. However, their power draw characteristics are not well understood. Whereas existing approaches use empirical functional fits to estimate the power of specific SDBD configurations, we develop here a physics-based model for SDBD power consumption that accounts for material and geometric variation between SDBDs. The model is based on models for parallel-plate or “volume” DBDs but accounts for the “virtual electrode” resulting from changing plasma length that is particular to SDBDs. We experimentally measure the power of SDBDs of three materials, eleven thicknesses, and 29 electrical operating points to find a correlation with r2=0.99 (n = 106) between model and experiment. We also use SDBD power measurements from four experiments in the literature and find a correlation with r2=0.99 (n = 101) between our model and these experiments. Since we do not use any measured parameters from those experiments in our model, this suggests that our model has the ability to robustly predict the power for different SDBD construction methods and experimental techniques. Therefore, this work provides a robust method for the quantitative design and power optimization of SDBDs for a range of engineering applications, including aerospace propulsion.