bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Death and Resurrection of a Coherent Literature Curriculum
Authors: Stotsky Sandra
Published: February 2025

This book is addressed to teachers who know that the secondary literature curriculum in our public schools  is in shambles. Unless experienced and well-read English teachers can develop coherent and increasingly demanding literature curricula in their schools, average high school students will remain at about the fifth or sixth grade reading level--where they now are to judge from several independent sources. This book seeks to challenge education policy makers, test developers, and educators who discourage the assignment of appropriately difficult works to high school students and make construction of a coherent literature curriculum impossible.  It first traces the history of the literature curriculum in our middle schools and high schools and shows how it has been diminished and distorted in the past half-century.  It then offers examples of coherent literature curricula and spells out the cognitive principles upon which coherence is based.  Finally, it suggests what English teachers in our public schools could do to develop a literature curriculum that gives all their students an adequate basis for participation in an English-speaking civic culture.
Better Writing
Authors: Koll Travis J.
Published: February 2025

Using casual language and a straightforward approach, Better Writing: Beyond Periods and Commas provides students with an easy-to-read and effective guide for developing their writing skills. Rather than intimidate and overwhelm novice writers with vast sets of rules, Travis Koll utilizes simple and relatable explanations and examples to demystify the writing process. Armed with this better understanding, one that reaches far beyond the mere mechanics of punctuation and grammar, students can begin to recognize the true nature and significance of writing, its potential impact on their readers, and the importance of their voices in their communities and the world.
Achieving Success for Kids
Authors: Adsit Tim L.
Published: February 2025

Achieving Success for Kids is a clarion call to action that explains why we need to save America's children and return our nation and our schools to the core values, beliefs, and principles upon which our nation was founded. In this book, Tim L. Adsit presents a bold, visionary blueprint for change and success in achieving and exceeding international standards in American schools within the next two to four years, restoring America and its educational system to their rightful place of prominence and leadership in the world.
Queer Retrosexualities
Authors: Shahani Nishant
Published: February 2025

Queer Retrosexualities: The Politics of ReparativeReturn examines the retrospective logic that informs contemporary queer thinking; specifically the narrative return to the 1950s in post-1990s queer and LGBT culture in the United States. The term “Queer Retrosexuality” marks the intersection between retrospective thinking and queerness—to illustrate not only how to “queer” retrospection, but also how retrospection, in some senses can be thought of as always already queer. This book examines the historical possibilities that inform the narrative return to the 1950s in queer cultural and literary productions such as Samuel Delany’s The Motion of Light in Water, Todd Haynes’s Far from Heaven, Sarah Schulman’s Shimmer, and Mark Merlis’s American Studies—all texts that return to a traumatic past marked by shame, exile, and persecution. Queer Retrosexualities inquires into what motivates the return in these texts to a historical moment informed by the bruises and wounds of history; but more importantly, it poses the question of how such a turn backwards could be theorized as reparative or even hopeful. This book shows how the framework of queer retrospection offers new ways of understanding history and culture, of reformulating disciplines and institutions, and of rethinking traditional modes of political activism and knowledge production. Even while it seems counterproductive to return to a historical moment that is marked by the persecution of sexual and racial minorities, the book examines how a shared feeling of relationality and community produced by the exile of shame shapes the political value of queer retrosexualities. The retrospective return to the 1950s allows queer thinking to move away from the commodification of queer culture in the present that masquerades as progress. Thus, the book theorizes how traumatic history becomes a valuable resource for the political project of assembling collective memory as the base materials for imagining a different—and more queer—future.
Gateways to Empire
Authors: Weeks Daniel J.
Published: February 2025

In Gateways to Empire: Quebec and New Amsterdam to 1664, historian Daniel Weeks has provided the first comprehensive comparative study of the North-American fur-trading colonies New France and New Netherland. While neither colony profited very much, if at all, from the fur trade (though many individuals fortunes were undoubtedly made), Weeks finds that New France, which far outpaced New Netherland in this trade, grew more slowly and had greater difficulty sustaining itself. As he demonstrates in Gateways to Empire, other factors, including New Netherland’s openness to religious and ethnic diversity and wider connections to the Atlantic World, allowed it to become more economically secure than its rival north of the St. Lawrence. And yet, in both cases, the principal towns of these European colonies—Quebec and New Amsterdam—moved beyond their initial purposes as hubs for trade with the indigenous peoples to become gateways to European settlement. In this, New Amsterdam, by the late 1640s, was singularly successful, so that it rapidly fostered the production of new European towns in its hinterlands, organizing the landscape for settlement and also for trade within the European-dominated Atlantic-World system.
Reading Visual Poetry
Authors: Bohn Willard
Published: February 2025

Visual poetry can be defined as poetry that is meant to be seen. Combining painting and poetry, it attempts to synthesize the principles underlying each discipline. Visual poems are immediately recognizable by their refusal to adhere to a rectilinear grid and by their tendency to flout their plasticity. In contrast to traditional poetry, they are conceived not only as literary works but also as works of art. Although they continue to provide visual cues that aid in deciphering the text, they function simultaneously as visual compositions. Whether the visual elements form a rudimentary pattern or whether they constitute a highly sophisticated design, they transform the poem into a picture. Reading Visual Poetry examines works created in Spain, Latin America, France, Italy, Brazil, and the United States. While it attempts to recreate the historical and cultural context surrounding each of the works in question, it is conceived primarily as a series of readings-or rather as a series of readings about reading. This book seeks to interpret a number of poems, which, despite their apparent simplicity, can be difficult to decipher. It explores the process of interpretation itself, which, like the compositions, can be surprisingly complex.
Law and Sexuality in Tennessee Williams's America
Authors: O’Connor Jacqueline
Published: February 2025

Gender and cultural studies readings of Tennessee Williams’s work have provided diverse perspectives on his complex representations of sexuality, whether of himself as an openly gay man, or of his characters, many of whom narrate or dramatize sexual attitudes or behavior that cross heteronormative boundaries of the mid-century period. Several of these studies have positioned Williams and his work amid the public tensions in American life over roughly four decades, from 1940–1980, as notions of equality and freedom of choice challenged prejudice and repression in law and in society. To date, however, neither Williams’s homosexuality nor his persistent representations of sexual transgressions have been examined as legal matters that challenged the rule of law.

Directed by legal history and informed by multiple strands of Williams’s studies criticism, textual, and cultural, this book explores the interplay of select topics defined and debated in law’s texts with those same topics in Williams’s personal and imaginative texts. By tracing the obscure and the transparent representations of homosexuality, specifically, and diverse sexualities more generally, through selected stories and plays, the book charts the intersections between Williams’s literature and the laws that governed the period. His imaginative works, backlit by his personal documents and historical and legal records from the period, underscore his preoccupation with depictions of diverse sexualities throughout his career. His use of legal language and its varied effects on his texts demonstrate his work’s multiple and complex intersection with major twentieth-century concerns, including significant legal and cultural dialogues about identity formation, intimacy, privacy, and difference.
Eavan Boland
Authors: Allen Randolph Jody
Published: February 2025

In this powerful and authoritative study Jody Allen Randolph providesthe fullest account yet of the work of a major figure in twentieth-century Irish literature as well as in contemporary women’s writing. Eavan Boland’s achievement in changing the map of Irish poetry is tracked and analyzed from her first poems to the present. The book traces the evolution of that achievement, guiding the reader through Boland’s early attachment to Yeats, her growing unease with the absence of women’s writing, her encounter with pioneering American poets like Sylvia Plath, Elizabeth Bishop, and Adrienne Rich, and her eventual, challenging amendments in poetry and prose to Ireland’s poetic tradition. Using research from private papers the book also traces a time of upheaval and change in Ireland, exploring Boland's connection to Mary Robinson, in a chapter that details the nexus of a woman president and a woman poet in a country that was resistant to both. Finally, this book invites the reader to share a compelling perspective on the growth of a poet described by one critic as Ireland’s “first great woman poet.”
Mining Memory
Authors: Tierney-Tello Mary Beth
Published: February 2025

Every major Peruvian author of the twentieth century has written a narrative focused on childhood or coming of age. Mining Memory argues that Peruvian narratives of the twentieth century re-imagine childhood not only to document personal pasts, but also to focus on national identity as a dynamic and incomplete process. Mining Memory shows how 20th-century narratives and films reimagine the self and the nation by representing child and adolescent protagonists and their evolution, using the remembrance of childhood as part of a nation-making project. The book demonstrates how, in the context of Peru, fictions focusing on childhood become vehicles for the national reimagining and collective remembering central to much of Latin American literature.

The figure of the child, as emblem of both a collective memory and an always deferred utopian project, holds special promise for twentieth-century Peruvian writers as they write from a national context rife with cultural, racial and political conflict. The book intervenes in debates internal to Peruvian cultural studies as well as wider conversations in Latin American Studies and post-colonial studies. Mining Memory provides a new understanding to both the Latin American and Anglo-American traditions regarding the representations of national subjectivities through the voices of the child and adolescent. Such a representational strategy performs a very particular kind of hybridity and temporal balancing act capable of addressing the very issues of cultural memory and fractured identities so relevant to multi-cultural, post-colonial cultural contexts.
Recurrent Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Post Renal Transplantation
Authors: Alejandro Tavera Díaz Maiko , Andrés Ballesteros Castro David , Lafuente Covarrubias Omar , Vannia Nava Rojas Alison , Danny Rivas Salazar Israel
Published: February 2025

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a major cause of nephrotic syndrome in children and adults, presenting a significant clinical challenge due to its high post-transplant recurrence rate and its negative impact on graft survival. The pathophysiology of recurrent FSGS (rFSGS) involves a complex interplay between circulating permeability factors and podocyte signaling pathways, leading to actin cytoskeleton disorganization and glomerular filtration barrier dysfunction. This review explores the epidemiology, risk factors, and pathogenic mechanisms of rFSGS, focusing on the central role of podocytes and their intricate molecular architecture. Emerging biomarkers and potential therapeutic strategies are also discussed, based on our current understanding of the disease. Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the precise mechanisms and develop targeted therapies to improve outcomes in patients with post-transplant rFSGS.
Polarization and Ferromagnetism in Microwave-Absorbing Materials
Authors: Jamwal Udeshwari , Kumar Mittal Shivam , Keneria Deepanshu
Published: February 2025

This chapter explores the intricate relationship between electric polarization and ferromagnetic properties in microwave-absorbing materials. It highlights the fundamental principles of dielectric and magnetic losses that contribute to microwave absorption. Emphasizing composite materials that exhibit both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic characteristics, it delves into the mechanisms of electric polarization and how they interact with magnetic domains to enhance microwave absorption. By examining the coupling between ferroelectric and magnetic properties, the chapter aims to uncover the synergistic effects that optimize the performance of microwave absorbers. Key topics include the synthesis and characterization of these materials and the role of different loss mechanisms in absorbing materials. The applications of these materials in stealth technology, electromagnetic interference shielding, and wireless communication are discussed, showcasing their significance in modern technological advancements.
Radioiodine Treatment for Hyperthyroid Graves’ Disease
Authors: Jiang Yongji , Ma Chao
Published: February 2025

Hyperthyroidism is an endocrine disease caused by the inappropriate and continuous synthesis and secretion of excessive thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland, and the most common cause is Graves’ disease (GD). The diagnosis of GD is mainly based on clinical symptoms, signs and thyroid function. Antithyroid drugs (ATD), radioiodine (RAI) and surgery are all effective treatments for GD. In recent decades, the preferred treatment methods for GD in various countries have also changed, and more and more people choose ATD as their first choice of treatment. Hypothyroidism, occurrence and progression of Graves’ orbitopathy (GO), and other side effects after RAI treatment has limited its application to a certain extent. However, RAI treatment is still a safe, cost-effective and long-lasting treatment option for GD, and its usage, benefits and risks are gradually being understood.
CART Cell Toxicities and Management
Authors: Thalambedu Nishanth , Vellanki Sruthi , Kumar Trikannad Anup , Varma Ankur
Published: February 2025

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CART) therapy is a novel therapeutic modality utilized for managing relapsed/refractory hematologic cancers. This approach entails the genetic modification of either autologous or allogeneic T-cells to incorporate chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) proteins, enabling them to target specific proteins present on the surface of cancer cells and causing cytotoxicity. Despite its promising therapeutic outcomes, there is a notable drawback wherein these modified cells may also attack normal tissue cells expressing similar surface proteins. This phenomenon of cross-reactivity often leads to adverse events (AEs), resulting in significant mortality and morbidity. This chapter focuses on the assessment and management of CART therapy-related toxicities.
Legumes Crops Cultivation for Food, Feed and Soil Health
Authors: Singh Sandhu Jeet , Kumar Chaturvedi Sushil
Published: February 2025

Legume crops taxonomically belong to the family Leguminosae (Fabaceae) which comprises four subfamilies: Papilionoidae, Caeslpinoidae, Mimosoideae and swartzinoidaea. These subfamilies have more than 800 genera and over 20,000 species of trees, shrubs, vines and herbs. Among them, herbs and vines include legume crops, which are grown worldwide in a range of agro-climatic zones under semi-arid, arid and dry temperate ecology. These crops are primarily annuals and cultivated as a solo crop or an intercrop. Legume crops have multiple uses in food, feed and soil amendment. Legume crops like soybean and groundnut are important sources of edible oil, while alfalfa is used as animal feed and grazing. Meanwhile, legumes like chickpeas, lentils and peas are known as pulse crops and are important sources of protein, dietary fibres, minerals and vitamins. The legumes are well known to fix atmospheric nitrogen, and many of them are used as green manuring to improve soil fertility and the physical properties of soil. Some important areas like seed storage studies are lacking for the storage of legume seed for the short and long term including mitigation of alfalfa toxin in groundnut seed, which needs to be initiated to avoid losses.
Climate Change and Crisis Management: Adapting to a New Normal
Authors: Soni Parul , Singh Bhavya
Published: February 2025

The escalating impacts of climate change represent one of the most significant challenges of our era, affecting not only the environment but also social, economic, and political systems globally. This chapter examines the complex relationship between climate change and crisis management, focusing on how societies can adapt to the “new normal” of environmental disruptions. It explores the critical components necessary for effective climate crisis management, including policy development, global cooperation, and leadership. It aims to answer key research questions: How can policy framework be structured to foster climate resilience, particularly in vulnerable regions? and What role does international collaboration play in enhancing the effectiveness of climate crisis management? Case studies and examples such as Germany’s Energiewende, the Paris Agreement, and the adaptation strategies in Kiribati provide practical insights into addressing these questions. Chapter concludes by offering specific recommendations for policymakers and areas for further research to enhance crisis management strategies for climate resilience.
Greenhouse Systems: A Sustainable Solution to Develop Shrimp Aquaculture Industry
Authors: Ringø Einar , Ahmed Sherine R. , Sharawy Zaki Z. , Helal Amr M. , El-Haroun Ehab , Ashour Mohamed
Published: February 2025

Within the global aquaculture industry, the sustainable shrimp aquaculture industry is becoming more important as the demand for seafood rises and expands. However, it faces several issues including environmental impact, disease, low productivity, and water quality control. Recent developments in greenhouse (GS) have yielded promising solutions to address these challenges with the development of the shrimp industry. This chapter explores the potential application of GS as an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach for the shrimp aquaculture industry. Firstly, discussing the limitations facing traditional open-pond shrimp farming and their environmental concerns. Then, it highlights the concept of GS and its unique advantages, such as enhanced environmental conditions, disease prevention, and improved water quality protocols. The components of GS required for shrimp aquaculture will be reviewed. The chapter highlights the essential components of GS that are crucial for efficient shrimp aquaculture. Furthermore, it also highlights the integration of other aquatic organisms such as fish, clams, and seaweed, enhancing both sustainability and profitability in the industry. In conclusion, the shrimp GS sector stands poised to surmount existing challenges, mitigate its environmental footprint, and cater to the escalating demand for sustainably produced shrimp. In summary, the shrimp GS sector can address obstacles, reduce its environmental impact, and satisfy the rising demand for shrimp sustainable production.
Electrical Properties in Heavily Al-Doped 4H-SiC by Hall-Effect Measurement
Authors: Matsuura Hideharu
Published: February 2025

The author explores the temperature-dependent resistivity ρT and Hall coefficient RHT of heavily Al-doped 4H-SiC with Al concentrations CAl between 2.4×1019 and 3.5×1020cm−3 and discusses the underlying conduction mechanisms. At CAl≤1.5×1020cm−3, electrical conduction is dominated by band conduction at high temperatures and nearest-neighbor hopping (NNH) conduction at low temperatures. In contrast, at CAl≥1.8×1020cm−3, band conduction is observed at high temperatures, while variable-range hopping (VRH) conduction prevails at low temperatures. He characterizes the relationships between the electrical conduction mechanisms (i.e., band, NNH, and VRH conduction) and both T and CAl. RHT is observed to become negative in both the NNH and VRH conduction regimes, even though Al-doped 4H-SiC is classified as a p-type semiconductor. A general physical model has been proposed to elucidate the underlying mechanism causing RHT to exhibit negative values in hopping conduction. At 5.2×1019≤CAl≤1.8×1020cm−3, conversely, RHT becomes negative within certain temperature regions of band conduction, for which we present a proposed physical model. The purpose of the chapter is to review his research.
Composition Design of High-Entropy Alloys: A Brief Review
Authors: Yin Yu , Zhou Libo , Mu Dekui , Huang Han , Zhang Mingxing
Published: February 2025

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted significant interest since their conceptualization in 2004, owing to their exceptional properties such as high strength, low-temperature fracture toughness and corrosion resistance. HEAs typically comprise solid solution phases, intermetallics, and/or amorphous phases, with solid solutions being particularly desired for their superior mechanical properties. Accurately predicting phase constituents in HEAs remains a formidable challenge due to their infinite composition space. During the past decade, various strategies have been proposed to design the composition of HEAs. This review aims to provide a brief overview of these strategies, including physical modeling, computational approaches and self-optimizing strategies, thereby providing researchers with current insights and knowledge in this rapidly advancing field.
Next-Generation Bonding Agents for Sustainable FRP Retrofitting of Concrete Structures
Authors: Al-Zu'bi Mohammad
Published: February 2025

This chapter explores the advancements in nanomaterial-modified epoxy adhesives (NMEAs) for structural retrofitting, focusing on the integration of various carbon-based nanomaterials, including carbon nanofibers (CNFs), cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), and graphite nanopowder, as well as silicon-based nanomaterials such as silica nanopowder and montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay. These nanomaterials are incorporated into epoxy matrices to enhance mechanical, thermal, and bonding properties. Advanced characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopies, are employed to analyze nanomaterial dispersion through the polymer matrix, crystallinity, and chemical interactions. Experimental results demonstrate the environmental benefits and increased durability of NMEAs, establishing them as sustainable and efficient alternatives to neat epoxy (NE) adhesives in fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) retrofitting systems. By improving mechanical strength, bonding efficiency, and long-term resilience, NMEAs offer a transformative approach to structural retrofitting. This chapter integrates experimental findings and practical applications to enhance the understanding of adhesive modifications and their critical role in promoting sustainable construction practices. The chapter concludes with recommendations for future research directions aimed at filling the research and knowledge gaps in the field of advancing the development and application of FRP-retrofitting techniques using the NMEAs.
Demographic Dividend for Rural Development in the Commune of Endom, Cameroon
Authors: Mbarga Ella Claude
Published: February 2025

This chapter aims to show the importance of demographic dividend in rural development. It presents the concept of the demographic dividend, its foundations, and its process; its methodological contribution in the study of a Local Collectivity (CTD); and a practical case of modeling the development of the Commune of ENDOM in Cameroon and identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the municipality for its development. The model is based on two types of data sources: primary database on a small qualitative survey in the Commune of ENDOM and secondary data used for quantitative analysis and projections. The analytical methods used are Rapid DemProj’s demographic dividend projections, descriptive analysis, and qualitative analysis. The results show that the municipality has entered its window of opportunity since 2020 and enjoys a favorable period for its development. Its planning should link this potential of its human capital to local resources for the effective development of the commune.
PATRIARKI DAN KEKUASAAN: BAGAIMANA LAKI-LAKI MENGENDALIKAN KEHIDUPAN DALAM KELUARGA
Authors: Moch. Hasan Hafani  , Muhammad Nahidh Buldani
Published: February 2025

Abstrak
Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana patriarki mempengaruhi struktur kekuasaan dan pembagian peran dalam keluarga, dengan menyoroti dominasi laki-laki dalam pengambilan keputusan dan kontrol atas sumber daya ekonomi. Patriarki, yang menempatkan laki-laki sebagai kepala keluarga, menciptakan ketidaksetaraan gender di dalam rumah tangga, di mana perempuan sering kali terpinggirkan dalam hal pengambilan keputusan penting. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif. Penelitian hukum normatif ialah penelitian hukum yang menganggap sebagain landasan norma hukum dengan menggunakan literatur yang berkaitan dengan masalah yang ditelitu. Dengan hasil penelitian menenujukkan bahwa laki-laki, yang dianggap sebagai pemimpin dan pencari nafkah utama, mempertahankan kontrol atas ekonomi keluarga dan membentuk nilai-nilai sosial yang mengatur peran gender. Meskipun ada perubahan yang mulai terjadi dalam keluarga modern, terutama dengan meningkatnya partisipasi perempuan dalam pendidikan dan dunia kerja, patriarki tetap kuat dalam banyak konteks budaya. Penelitian ini menunjukkan perlunya upaya berkelanjutan untuk mendorong kesetaraan gender dalam keluarga, melalui perubahan sosial, kebijakan, dan pendidikan, agar kekuasaan dapat dibagi lebih adil antara semua anggota keluarga.
Kata Kunci : Patriarki, Kekuasaan Dalam Keluarga, Dominasi Laki-Laki
Vanzacaftor, Tezacaftor, and Deutivacaftor (Alyftrek) for Cystic Fibrosis
Authors:   Editors from The Medical Letter
Published: February 2025

The FDA has approved Alyftrek (Vertex), an oral fixed-dose combination of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators vanzacaftor, tezacaftor, and deutivacaftor, for once-daily treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) in patients ≥6 years old who have at least one F508del mutation or another responsive mutation in the CFTR gene. This is the first approval for vanzacaftor and for deutivacaftor, a deuterated form of ivacaftor. Trikafta, a twice-daily oral fixed-dose combination of elexacaftor, tezacaftor, and ivacaftor, is FDA-approved for the same indication in patients ≥2 years old.
Laws of Argumentative Rhetoric
Authors: Malyukova Olga ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2025

The laws of argumentative rhetoric, first, mean the laws of rhetoric as a social science. Rhetoric, being the oldest of the humanities, has not created its laws of argumentation different from the laws of logic. This paper attempts to formulate the laws of rhetorical reasoning based on the historical experience of rhetoric. The concept of the laws of science and the humanities belongs to the field of philosophical methodology; their presence characterizes the level of development of exact knowledge. The laws of science and the humanities, in this case, rhetoric, describe the corresponding subject area and form a rhetorical picture of the world. It is in this field that we should look for the laws of rhetoric. These laws include the law of the correlation between word and action, the law of adequate description, the law of complete and finished narration, and the law of argumentative speech in natural language. The proposed construction of laws represents a model of functioning and further development of rhetoric. The role of rhetoric in the modern world is great, and it reasonably pretends to play the role of methodology for knowledge in thehumanities.
PENERBITAN LETTER OF CREDIT SEBAGAI JAMINAN PEMBAYARAN PERDAGANGAN EXIM DALAM PERSPEKTIF SYARIAH
Authors: Miftakhul Huda
Published: February 2025

A letter of credit, or letter of credit, is a letter from the bank that guarantees that the buyer's payment to the seller will be received on time and in the correct amount. If the buyer cannot make payment for the purchase, the bank is obliged to cover the entire or remaining purchase amount. . Due to the nature of international transactions, including factors such as distance, different laws in each country, and the difficulty in getting to know each party personally, the use of letters of credit has become a very important aspect of international trade to protect both buyers and sellers. The aim of this research is to determine the vital function of letters of credit from a sharia perspective and to determine the consequences of default on payments, while the research method used in this research is qualitative research with a literature review approach. From this research it can be concluded that letters of credit from a sharia perspective are based on the National Sharia Council's fatwa regarding Sharia Import L/Cs, so the implementation of sharia import L/Cs can use the following contracts: Wakalah bil Ujrah, Qard, Murabahah, Salam/Istisna' , Mudarabah, Musyarakah, and Hawalah. Wakalah bil Ujrah is the granting of authority from participants to the insurance company to manage participant funds in exchange for providing ujrah (fee). A letter of credit acts as: - A letter of instruction to carry out a sale and purchase contract that has been executed - A debt letter from the issuing bank to a correspondent bank overseas - A letter of guarantee for the costs of obtaining goods and at the same time their shipment by the notification bank to the exporter.
PERKAWINAN ANAK DI BAWAH UMUR DALAM PERSPEKTIF MAQASHID AL–USROH
Authors: M. Qomar  , Abd. Basit Misbachul Fitri
Published: February 2025

Marriage, a sunnah of the Prophet, should align with maturity standards, as outlined in Law Number 16 of 2019, Article 7, which sets the minimum marriage age at 19 for both men and women. However, the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) stipulates a minimum age of 19 for men and 16 for women, allowing marriages below these ages if a marriage dispensation is obtained from the Religious Court. In 2020, records from the Wonosalam District Religious Affairs Office showed that 22 out of 282 marriages involved such dispensations. This study, using interviews and documentation, analyzed early marriage cases through a descriptive method. Findings suggest that underage marriage should not be justified solely by one maqashid value, such as avoiding adultery. Marriage should ensure the fulfillment of multiple maqashid values, including hifz al-nafs (protection of the soul), hifz al-mal (protection of wealth), hifz al-'aql (protection of intellect), and hifz al-din (protection of religion). The practice of early marriage should be carefully evaluated, considering both its benefits and drawbacks in light of maqashid principles. Focusing on a single maqashid value while neglecting others contradicts the comprehensive message of the Qur'an, which emphasizes the balance of maslahah (benefit) and mafsadat (harm). Thus, underage marriage requires a thorough consideration of all relevant aspects to uphold the Qur'anic ideals.
RELEVANSI KITAB TA’LIIMUL MUTA’ALLIM TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER SANTRI
Authors: Ulin Ni'mah Rodliya Ulfah  , Bisri Mustofa
Published: February 2025

Strengthening moral education or character education in the current context is very relevant to overcome the moral crisis that is currently occurring. This is a qualitative study that aims to find out how the process of teaching character education is in Islamic boarding schools, especially in the Al Amin Ngasinan Rejomulyo Kediri Islamic boarding school and the relevance of the Ta'liimul Muta'allim book to the formation of character education for its students. From the data analyzed, it was found that: 1. The process of teaching character education in the Al-Amin Ngasinan Rejomulyo Kediri Islamic boarding school is carried out using four methods, namely: lecture method, question and answer method, exemplary method (uswah hasnah) and advice method. 2. The character values ​​contained in the Ta'liimul Muta'allim book are relevant to the vision and mission of the Al-Amin Ngasinan Rejomulyo Kediri Islamic boarding school, so this book is appropriate if used as material for teaching character education in the Islamic boarding school. This suitability lies in its sources, namely the Qur'an and Al-Hadith.
PENENTUAN ARAH KIBLAT MENGGUNAKAN RUBU' MUJAYYAB
Authors: Ali Sapri , Muhammad Ansori
Published: February 2025

A variety of classical and modern tools, such as sticks, theodolites, and GPS, are used in determining the direction of the Qibla, which causes differences of opinion among astronomers. Modern tools such as compasses further increase the accuracy of Qibla direction by utilizing magnetic needle technology. The author is interested in discussing rubu' mujayyab, a classic tool that has advantages and disadvantages but is still used by astronomers in Islamic boarding schools. In this research, the issue discussed is what is the level of accuracy in determining the Qibla direction using rubu' mujayyab? What are the advantages and disadvantages of determining Qibla direction using rubu' mujayyab? The type of research used by this author is classified as qualitative, which aims to better understand Rubu Mujayyad where the primary data is data obtained directly from observations, the book Durussul Falakiyyah, and the secondary data is all documents in the form of books, writings, journals, papers related to the object. study. The findings resulting from this research are that when the practice of measuring the Qibla is not the same, there is a difference of around 0˚ 8′ 52.42ʺ which if converted into meters from the distance from east to west are both 9 meters results in a difference of around 0.03 meters. According to the author, this is still within reasonable limits or the allowable deviation category. Maybe this is due in part to the advantages and disadvantages of each of these two tools. The advantage contained in rubu' mujayyab is that it is more accurate because it relies on direct sunlight. Meanwhile, the disadvantage of rubu' mujayyab is that the data in rubu' mujayyab is limited to degree data only so it requires accuracy from the person doing the calculations, only astronomers can do it, it cannot be used in cloudy conditions, and so on.
STRATEGI PEMBANGUNAN ISLAM DENGAN ADANYA PERANAN DIGITAL EKONOMI
Authors: Nur Fadilah
Published: February 2025

The digital system, as a concept, lacks universal agreement, yet it is inseparable from the changes shaping modern life. The rapid advancement of digital systems has become pivotal in providing feedback to individuals, communities, and nations. In today’s digital era, many developments are rooted in Western civilization, particularly the digital economy, which has brought widespread benefits such as prosperity, convenience, and comfort. However, the influence of technology is deeply intertwined with societal dynamics and can lead to both positive and negative outcomes, requiring users to exercise caution and wisdom in its use. In the economic realm, digital systems are integral to shaping strategies and methods. Despite this, many Islamic economic development strategies struggle to keep pace with rapid digital advancements. This raises critical questions: Can Islamic economics contribute to the advancement of digital systems? Can it adapt and align with digital progress to achieve significant development? These challenges represent pressing issues for the Islamic economic framework today. Thus, the role of a well-defined Islamic Economic Development Strategy, aligned with digital systems, is essential to address these complexities.
Current Evidence of Probiotics in Pediatrics with Short Bowel Syndrome, Is It Safe and Beneficial? A Literature Review
Authors: Andhary Vianca Samara , Razan Rafi Alfian , Partiwi I Gusti Ayu Nyoman
Published: February 2025

Background: Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) presents significant challenges in pediatric care, particularly due to its high incidence in neonates and the associated health burdens, including elevated mortality rates primarily from hepatic failure and sepsis. SBS in infants and young children primarily arises from congenital defects or acquired conditions that necessitate significant bowel resection. The predominant cause of SBS during the neonatal period is necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), accounting for 35% to 50% of cases. In older children, SBS is frequently associated with midgut volvulus or traumatic injuries.
Discussion: Managing pediatric SBS requires a multidisciplinary approach that involves evaluating dietary, pharmacology, and surgical factors. Key strategies focus on improving absorptive capacity, promoting intestinal adaptation, and regulating bowel motility. In infants and young children, SBS often leads to a range of complications, including nutrient deficiencies, fluid imbalances, and growth delays. The condition necessitates careful medical management to address these challenges and promote optimal health outcomes. Recent studies have investigated probiotics as an adjuvant treatment for SBS, demonstrating enhanced growth, nutritional status, and inhibition of harmful microbes in afflicted children
Conclusion: The use of probiotics in children with SBS has shown both safety and beneficial effects, making it a feasible alternative therapy in routine medical practice. However, the lack of significant clinical data highlights the need for more study to better understand the efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of SBS.
Evolution and Current Trends in STEM Education: A Retrospective and Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Sokolova Elizaveta Vitalievna , Blaginin Victor Andreevich , Shatrova Alexandra Yaroslavovna
Published: February 2025

This study explores the evolution of STEM education, tracing its historical origins through contemporary trends and challenges. The research aims to address the need for a comprehensive understanding of current trends and directions in STEM education to align educational practices with societal demands and the evolving 21st-century labor market. The study employed a two-stage methodology: 1) a retrospective analysis of scientific literature to identify key concepts and historical milestones shaping STEM education, and 2) a bibliometric analysis of publications from the past three years (2021–2024) indexed in the OpenAlex database. The bibliometric analysis revealed emerging research clusters and themes, emphasizing trends such as interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary learning and the integration of advanced pedagogical technologies, including digital tools and AI-driven platforms. Key findings highlight the critical role of interdisciplinary approaches in fostering critical thinking, bridging disciplinary divides, and preparing students to solve complex real-world problems. The study identifies promising trajectories for STEM education’s future development, including enhanced integration of STEM disciplines, adoption of innovative pedagogical strategies (e.g., project-based learning), and collaborative frameworks involving educators, policymakers, and industry stakeholders. These insights provide a foundation for advancing STEM education in ways that respond to societal challenges and the dynamic needs of the global workforce.
Dapagliflozin Modulates MicroRNA Expression in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yıldız Pehlivan Deniz , Yıldız Hamit , Kaya Gökhan
Published: February 2025

Objective: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious microvascular complications of Diabetes Mellitus, the prevalence and mortality of which are increasing. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) used in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of many diseases have been identified.  In this study investigate the relationship between albuminuria and miRNA levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with dapagliflozin, and to elucidate the potential nephroprotective effects of dapagliflozin through miRNA modulation.
Methods: This retrospective study included 47 T2DM patients (25 male, 22 female) with diabetic nephropathy (DN) treated with dapagliflozin. Blood samples were collected at baseline (day 0) and after approximately 60 days of treatment. Levels of miRNA-21, miRNA-141, and miRNA-377 were analyzed using real-time PCR. Clinical and laboratory parameters, including glucose, HbA1c, urine albumin and protein levels, were also assessed. Statistical analysis included the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Spearman's rank correlation test.
Results: Significant decreases were observed in glucose, HbA1c, urinary protein, and albumin levels after dapagliflozin treatment (p<0.01). miRNA-21, miRNA-141, and miRNA-377 levels also decreased significantly following treatment (p<0.01). A positive correlation was found between day 0 miRNA-377 levels and day 0 serum glucose levels. A negative correlation was observed between day 0 miRNA-21 levels and day 60 HbA1c levels. No significant correlations were found between miRNA levels and urine albumin or protein levels.
Conclusion: Dapagliflozin treatment in T2DM patients with DN was associated with significant reductions in miRNA-21, miRNA-141, and miRNA-377 levels, alongside improvements in glycemic control and renal function markers. These findings suggest that dapagliflozin may exert its nephroprotective effects partly through modulation of DN-associated miRNAs. Dapagliflozin may be a therapeutic option to treat DN and may be an effective strategy to prevent kidney damage. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects and to explore the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in DN management.
Comparison of Measurements on Conventional Plaster Model and Computer-Aided Digital Dental Models
Authors: Gunel Rukiye , Göymen Merve , Gulec Aysegul , Bilgin Buyuknacar Guzin
Published: February 2025

Objective: The objective of the present study was to examine the veracity and precision of measurements obtained from plaster models and digital models of subjects presenting with different malocclusion patterns.
Methods: A total of 68 orthodontic patients, who had requested treatment were randomly selected and included in the study and classified as Class I (n=20), Class II (n=20) and Class III (n=18). The first group underwent an alginate impression procedure, which involved taking measurements from both the upper and lower jaws. Subsequently, plaster models were created through the casting of these impressions. In the second group, digital models were created by digitizing the patients’ upper and lower jaws with an intraoral scanner. In the third group, the plaster models were digitized via a camera, thus creating a digital model record. A series of measurements was taken on both the digital and plaster models. These included intercanine width, intermolar width, overjet, overbite, mesiodistal dimensions of the teeth, as well as the Bolton, Hayes-Nance and midline shift analyses. The reliability of the measurements taken on the plaster models with electronic calipers and on the digital models with 3Shape Ortho Analyzer software was then evaluated.
Results: The results of the analyses revealed no statistically significant differences between the groups (p>0.05). Statistically significant differences were observed between Class II and Class III malocclusions in Group 1 in terms of mandibular intermolar distance measurements, and between Class I malocclusion, Class II and Class III malocclusions in Group 3 in terms of Bolton 12 teeth measurements (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The measurements derived from plaster models, digital models obtained directly with an intraoral camera and digital models generated through the scanning of the plaster models, and demonstrated comparable reliability. In orthodontics, digital models represent an acceptable alternative to plaster models for the purpose of taking measurements.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Chatbots’ Ability to Interpret Mammography Images: A Comparison of Chat-GPT 4o and Claude 3.5
Authors: Karahan Betül Nalan , Emekli Emre , Altın Mahmut Altuğ
Published: February 2025

Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the ability of artificial intelligence-based chatbots, ChatGPT-4o and Claude 3.5, to interpret mammography images. The study focuses on evaluating their accuracy and consistency in BI-RADS classification and breast parenchymal type assessment. It also aims to explore the potential of these technologies to reduce radiologists’ workload and identify their limitations in medical image analysis.
Methods: A total of 53 mammography images obtained between January and July 2024 were analyzed, focusing on BI-RADS classification and breast parenchymal type assessment. The same anonymized mammography images were provided to both chatbots under identical prompts.
Results: The results showed accuracy rates for BI-RADS classification ranging from 18.87% to 26.42% for ChatGPT-4o and 18.7% for Claude 3.5. When BI-RADS categories were grouped into benign group(BI-RADS 1,2) and malignant group(BI-RADS 4,5), the combined accuracy was 57.5% for ChatGPT-4o (initial evaluation) and 55% (second evaluation), compared to 47.5% for Claude 3.5. Breast parenchymal type accuracy rates were 30.19% and 22.64% for ChatGPT-4o, and 26.42% for Claude 3.5.
Conclusions: The findings indicate that chatbots demonstrate limited accuracy and reliability in interpreting mammography images. These results highlight the need for further optimization, larger datasets, and advanced training processes to improve their performance in medical image analysis.