bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Family Finding
Authors: Vandivere Sharon , Malm Karin E. , Allen Tiffany J. , Williams Sarah Catherine , McKlindon Amy
Published: February 2017

Background:

Youth who have experienced foster care are at risk of negative outcomes in adulthood. The family finding model aims to promote more positive outcomes by finding and engaging relatives of children in foster care in order to provide options for legal and emotional permanency.

Objectives:

The present study tested whether family finding, as implemented in North Carolina from 2008 through 2011, improved child welfare outcomes for youth at risk of emancipating foster care without permanency.

Research Design:

A randomized controlled trial evaluation was carried out in nine counties in North Carolina. All children eligible for intervention services between 2008 and 2011 underwent random assignment. Effects were tested with an intent-to-treat design. Outcome data were obtained for all subjects from child welfare administrative data. Additional outcome data for a subset of older youth came from in-person interviews.

Subjects:

Subjects included 568 children who were in foster care, were 10–17 years old (at time of referral), had no identified permanent placement resource, and had no plan for reunification.

Measures:

The confirmatory outcome was moves to more family-like placements, whether through a step-down in foster care placement or discharge from foster care to legal permanency.

Results:

No impact on the confirmatory outcome was observed. Findings regarding exploratory impacts are also described; these must be interpreted with caution, given the large number of outcomes compared.

Conclusions:

The evaluation failed to find evidence that family finding improves the outcomes of older youth at risk of emancipation from foster care.
Characterization of the L-glutamate clearance pathways across the blood–brain barrier and the effect of astrocytes in an in vitro blood–brain barrier model
Authors: Helms Hans CC , Aldana Blanca I , Groth Simon , Jensen Morten M , Waagepetersen Helle S , Nielsen Carsten U , Brodin Birger
Published: February 2017

The aim was to characterize the clearance pathways for L-glutamate from the brain interstitial fluid across the blood–brain barrier using a primary in vitro bovine endothelial/rat astrocyte co-culture. Transporter profiling was performed using uptake studies of radiolabeled L-glutamate with co-application of transporter inhibitors and competing amino acids. Endothelial abluminal L-glutamate uptake was almost abolished by co-application of an EAAT-1 specific inhibitor, whereas luminal uptake was inhibited by L-glutamate and L-aspartate (1 mM). L-glutamate uptake followed Michaelis–Menten-like kinetics with high and low affinity at the abluminal and luminal membrane, respectively. This indicated that L-glutamate is taken up via EAAT-1 at the abluminal membrane and exits at the luminal membrane via a low affinity glutamate/aspartate transporter. Metabolism of L-glutamate and transport of metabolites was examined using [U-13C] L-glutamate. Intact L-glutamate and metabolites derived from oxidative metabolism were transported through the endothelial cells. High amounts of L-glutamate-derived lactate in the luminal medium indicated cataplerosis via malic enzyme. Thus, L-glutamate can be transported intact from brain to blood via the concerted action of abluminal and luminal transport proteins, but the total brain clearance is highly dependent on metabolism in astrocytes and endothelial cells followed by transport of metabolites.
Residual stresses due to roll bending of bi-layer Al-Cu sheet: Experimental and analytical investigations
Authors: Sedighi Mohammad , Joudaki Jalal , Kheder Hamed
Published: February 2017

Applications of bi-layer sheets are developing in different industries. In many cases, manufacturers need to form bi-layer sheets to a desired curve by roll bending process. This process can induce considerable residual stresses. In this article, the residual stress distribution due to bending to specified curvature radius is measured in an Al-Cu sample. The sample is bent by three roll bending process to curvature radius of 350 mm. The slitting method is extended to measure induced residual stresses in bi-layer sheets. Also, an analytical solution has been proposed for prediction of residual stresses in bi-layer sheet. The analytical solution has been derived for material with elastic-power law hardening plastic behavior as the actual behavior of aluminum and copper is. Also in the analytical solution, the neutral axis movement due to different elastic moduli of aluminum and copper layer is considered. A maximum and minimum of measured residual stresses equal to 35 and −28 MPa, respectively, showing a remarkable magnitude in comparison with 51 and 36 MPa yield strength of copper and aluminum layer, respectively. Comparing the results show good agreement between analytical solution and experimental results.
Recycling red mud from the production of aluminium as a red cement-based mortar
Authors: Yang Xiaojie , Zhao Jianfeng , Li Haoxin , Zhao Piqi , Chen Qin
Published: February 2017

Current management for red mud is insufficient and a new method is needed. A series of experiments have been carried out to develop a new approach for effective management of red mud. Mortars without or with 3%, 6% and 9% red mud were prepared and their fresh and hardened properties were measured to access the possibility of recycling the red mud in the production of red cement-based mortar. The mechanisms corresponding to their mechanical performance variations were explored by X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the fresh mortars with red mud present an increase of viscosity as compared with the control. However, little difference is found when the content of red mud is altered. It also can be seen that red mud increases flow time and reduces the slump flow of the mortar. Meanwhile, it is found that mortar with red mud is provided with higher air content. Red mud is eligible to adjust the decorative mortar colour. Compressive strength of mortar is improved when less than 6% red mud is added. However, overall it has a slightly negative effect on tensile bond strength. It decreases the Ca(OH)2 content and densifies the microstructure of hardened paste. The heavy metal concentrations in leachates of mortars with red mud are much lower than the values required in the standard, and it will not do harm to people’s health and the environment. These results are important to recycle and effectively manage red mud via the production of red cement-based mortar.
Misdirected Sympathy: The Role of Sympatholysis in Sepsis and Septic Shock
Authors: Ferreira Jason A. , Bissell Brittany D.
Published: February 2017

The spectrum of sepsis and septic shock remains a highly prevalent disease state, carrying a high risk of morbidity and mortality. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) plays an important role in this initial cascade, enabling the host to respond to invading pathogens; however, prolonged activation can become pathological. The potential for unregulated sympathetic tone to become of detriment in patients with sepsis has fueled interest in the role and impact of sympatholysis, the selective inhibition of sympathetic tone. The cornerstone of septic shock therapy for decades has been the supplementation of catecholamines and thus potential further perpetuation of this sympathetic dysregulation. Although the theory of sympatholysis circulates around cardiovascular effects and stroke volume optimization, the impact of augmenting the SNS may extend well beyond this, including the impacts on the immune system, inflammatory cascade, and even gene transcription. Presently, the most robust clinical evidence involves the use of the cardioselective β-blocker esmolol in patients with septic shock with persistent tachycardia secondary to catecholamine use. Evidence is isolated only to animal models with α-agonists. Future evidence stands to elucidate the balance of sympathetic and autonomic tone as well as the potential role of redirecting and maximizing sympathetic activity.
Parallel multiobjective optimisations of draft gear designs
Authors: Wu Qing , Cole Colin , Spiryagin Maksym , McSweeney Tim
Published: February 2017

This paper presents the methodology and results of the parallel multiobjective optimisations of draft gear designs. The methodology used white-box draft gear models, whose parameters were used as the optimisation variables. Two optimisation algorithms were used: genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimisation. All the optimised draft gear designs were constrained by impact tests to ensure that the optimised designs also comply with the current acceptance standards for draft gears. The performance of draft gears was assessed using whole-trip longitudinal train dynamics simulations and coupler fatigue damage calculations. Each simulation covered a round trip (loaded one way, empty on return) over a total of 640 km of track, which involved about 10 h of operational time. Three optimisation objectives were considered: minimal fatigue damage for wagon connection systems of loaded trains, minimal in-train forces for loaded trains, and minimal longitudinal wagon accelerations for empty trains. Two case studies were presented, which optimised two types of draft gears (single-stage and double-stage draft gears) using genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimisation, respectively.
Interval cancers in a guaiac-based colorectal cancer screening programme: Consequences on sensitivity
Authors: Blom Johannes , Törnberg Sven
Published: February 2017

Objective

To evaluate interval cancers in the population-based colorectal cancer screening programme of Stockholm/Gotland, Sweden.

Methods

From 2008, individuals aged 60–69 were invited to colorectal cancer screening using biennial guaiac-based faecal occult blood test (Hemoccult®). Interval cancers, defined as colorectal cancer among participants not diagnosed by the screening programme but registered in the Swedish cancer register, were evaluated by cross-checking the screening histories for all cancers in the region 2008–2012.

Results

Of 203,848 individuals from nine different birth cohorts who participated (∼60%), 4530 (2.2%) tested positive. All invited individuals were followed up for 24 months after invitation. The cancer register reported 557 colorectal cancer, 219 (39.3%) screen-detected cancers and 338 (60.7%) interval cancers, generating both test- and episode sensitivities of approximately 40% and an interval cancer-rate of 17.1/10,000 tests. Among individuals with positive tests without colorectal cancer diagnosed at work-up colonoscopy, 37 interval cancers (10.9%) occurred. There was statistically significant lower sensitivity in women, ranging 22.4–32.2%, compared with 43.2–52.0% in men. Age-group and tumour location were not strongly correlated to screen-detected cancer rates. The programme sensitivity increased by year (20.3–25.0%), with successively more colorectal cancers diagnosed within the expanding programme (11.6–16.2%).

Conclusion

Interval cancer is a quality indicator of a screening programme. As the interval cancer-rate determined in a well-organized population-based screening programme was actually higher than the screen-detected cancer rate, a change to a more sensitive screening test is indicated. The lower screen-detected cancers among women, and compliance and quality of work-up colonoscopies also need attention.
Social Conditions and Cross-National Imprisonment Rates: Using Set-Theoretic Methods for Theory Testing and Identifying Deviant Cases
Authors: Miethe Terance D. , Troshynski Emily I. , Hart Timothy C.
Published: February 2017

Macro-level theories of punishment suggest that particular social conditions explain national imprisonment rates over place and time. Important causal factors underlying these theories include a country’s level of development, criminality, socioeconomic inequality, and political volatility. Based on a sample of 166 nations and set-theoretical methods, the present study uses the formal logic standards of necessity and sufficiency to evaluate the empirical merits of these widely assumed causal relations. After summarizing the confirmatory evidence and patterns of exceptional cases, results are discussed in terms of their implications for refining current macro-level theories of punishment and future testing of them through the conjunctive analysis of set-theoretic relations.
Neighborhood Social Cohesion as a Mediator of Neighborhood Conditions on Mothers’ Engagement in Physical Activity: Results From the Geographic Research on Wellbeing Study
Authors: Yuma-Guerrero Paula J. , Cubbin Catherine , von Sternberg Kirk
Published: February 2017

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine if social cohesion mediates the effects of neighborhood and household-level socioeconomic status (SES), perceptions of neighborhood safety, and access to parks on mothers’ engagement in physical activity (PA). Method. Secondary analyses were conducted on cross-sectional data from The Geographic Research on Wellbeing (GROW) study. GROW includes survey data from a diverse sample of 2,750 California mothers. Structural equation modeling was used to test a conceptual multilevel mediation model, proposing social cohesion as a mediator of known predictors of PA. Results. Social cohesion fully mediated the pathway from perceived neighborhood safety to mothers’ PA. Social cohesion also mediated the significant relationship between neighborhood SES and PA; however, this mediation finding was not practically significant when considered in the context of the full model. Household SES was significantly positively related to both social cohesion and PA. Park access contributed significantly to social cohesion but not directly to PA Social cohesion did not significantly mediate relationships between park access or household SES and PA. Conclusions. There is a need for public health interventions to improve engagement in PA among individuals and neighborhoods with lower levels of socioeconomic resources. Interventions that create social cohesion within neighborhoods may have positive effects on mothers’ PA, particularly in neighborhoods perceived as unsafe.
The effect of inhibitory control and its training on L1 and a new learned language switching
Authors: Liu Huanhuan , Dunlap Susan , Liang Lijuan , Chen Baoguo
Published: February 2017

Aims:

This study aimed to investigate how individuals’ inhibitory control (IC) ability affects language switching in the initial period of language learning.

Design:

Using a pretest/posttest design and event-related potential (ERP) methodology, we investigated the effect of IC on Chinese–English bilinguals during their language switching between Chinese (L1) and Korean (a language new to the participants, Lnew). All participants were required to name pictures (picture-naming task) in their L1 and Lnew in the pretest and posttest. Low-IC participants received an IC task training between the pretest and the posttest, while the high-IC group did not.

Data and analysis:

Analyses of both response latencies and ERP data were conducted by repeated-measures ANOVA.

Findings:

Results showed that the high-IC group exhibited symmetrical switch costs in both the pretest and the posttest. Besides, a more obvious late positive component (LPC) was observed when the high-IC participants switched from L1 to Lnew than the other way around, indicating their ability to inhibit cross-language interference. In contrast, the low-IC group exhibited asymmetrical switch costs, and no amplitude difference when switching between Lnew and L1 in the pretest. However, in the posttest, the switch costs pattern and the LPC results of the low-IC group became similar to those of the high-IC group.

Innovation:

The present study was a first attempt to provide electrophysiological evidence that IC ability plays an important role during L1–Lnew switching.

Significance:

These findings support the hypothesis that individuals’ IC ability plays a role of suppressing the non-target lexical access during language switching in the initial period of second language learning. The results also indicate that the relevant training in IC ability could contribute to the improvement of the language-switching efficiency in the initial period of language learning.
School-age children’s perception of the hospital experience
Authors: Boztepe Handan , Çınar Sevil , Ay Ayşe
Published: February 2017

In order to determine the perception of hospital experiences among school-age children’s (6–12 years), a descriptive and cross-sectional study was performed in 130 children hospitalized in a pediatric hospital with different diagnoses. Data were collected using a pediatric information form, questionnaire form, scale for attitudes towards hospital and healthcare personnel, and sources of anxiety generating thoughts scale (SAGTS). Children’s expectations of the nurses were to be well treated (62%), to perform painless procedures (20%), to play games together (12%), to be capable of their job (10%), and to be cheerful (10%). Children’s expectation of the hospital facilities was the availability of playgrounds and toys (19.2%), large and single rooms (15.4%), rooms with private bathroom (9.2%), and rooms with a television and Internet access (7.7%). A statistically significant, negative, and moderate linear relationship was found between the scale for attitudes towards hospital and healthcare personnel and SAGTS ( p < 0.05, r: −0.296). The present study was performed to define the children’s hospital experiences, keeping in mind that the best opinion on this matter is the child’s own opinion. The foundation of this understanding depends on admitting that the children can express their own opinions about the care they receive.
Appraising the methodological quality of the clinical practice guideline for diabetes mellitus using the AGREE II instrument: a methodological evaluation
Authors: Radwan Mahmoud , Akbari Sari Ali , Rashidian Arash , Takian Amirhossein , Abou-Dagga Sanaa , Elsous Aymen
Published: February 2017

Objectives

To evaluate the methodological quality of the Palestinian Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Mellitus using the Translated Arabic Version of the AGREE II.

Design

Methodological evaluation. A cross-cultural adaptation framework was followed to translate and develop a standardised Translated Arabic Version of the AGREE II.

Setting

Palestinian Primary Healthcare Centres.

Participants

Sixteen appraisers independently evaluated the Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Mellitus using the Translated Arabic Version of the AGREE II.

Main outcome measures

Methodological quality of diabetic guideline.

Results

The Translated Arabic Version of the AGREE II showed an acceptable reliability and validity. Internal consistency ranged between 0.67 and 0.88 (Cronbach’s α). Intra-class coefficient among appraisers ranged between 0.56 and 0.88. The quality of this guideline is low. Both domains ‘Scope and Purpose’ and ‘Clarity of Presentation’ had the highest quality scores (66.7% and 61.5%, respectively), whereas the scores for ‘Applicability’, ‘Stakeholder Involvement’, ‘Rigour of Development’ and ‘Editorial Independence’ were the lowest (27%, 35%, 36.5%, and 40%, respectively).

Conclusions

The findings suggest that the quality of this Clinical Practice Guideline is disappointingly low. To improve the quality of current and future guidelines, the AGREE II instrument is extremely recommended to be incorporated as a gold standard for developing, evaluating or updating the Palestinian Clinical Practice Guidelines. Future guidelines can be improved by setting specific strategies to overcome implementation barriers with respect to economic considerations, engaging of all relevant end-users and patients, ensuring a rigorous methodology for searching, selecting and synthesising the evidences and recommendations, and addressing potential conflict of interests within the development group.
Liquorice: a root cause of secondary hypertension
Authors: Varma Ravi , Ross Calum N.
Published: February 2017

We describe a patient presenting with hypertension and hypokalaemia who was ultimately diagnosed with liquorice- induced pseudohyperaldosteronism. This rare cause of secondary hypertension illustrates the importance of a methodical approach to the assessment of hypertension.
Epidemiology of surgically managed anterior cruciate ligament ruptures in a sports surgery practice
Authors: Sayampanathan Andrew Arjun , Howe Bryan Koh Thean , Bin Abd Razak Hamid Rahmatullah , Chi Chong Hwei , Tan Andrew Hwee Chye
Published: February 2017

Introduction:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are common knee injuries, especially among sportsmen and sportswomen. The aim of this study is to better understand the epidemiology of surgically managed ACL tears sustained in our institution.

Methods:

All patients who underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction by the senior author of this article in Singapore from 2008 to 2013 were studied. Patients who were diagnosed clinically and/or radiologically to have a complete tear of the ACL and subsequently underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction were included. Patients who suffered from traumatic knee dislocation were excluded. Two hundred and ninety-two patients were available for analysis. All patients were operated on by the senior author.

Results:

83.9% of patients were male. 60.5, 23.0, 8.46, and 8.11% were of Chinese, Malay, Indian and other origins, respectively. 69.6 and 28.7% were in white-collared and blue-collared jobs, respectively, while 1.69% were unemployed. Mean age at operation was 29.4 years. Mean body mass index was 25.3 kg/m2. 82.4 and 17.6% of ACL tears were sports (contact—27.5%; non-contact—72.5%) and non-sports injuries (activities of daily living—94.2%, road traffic accidents—5.77%), respectively. The top four sporting activities causing ACL tears were soccer, basketball, racquet games and volleyball. 56.2% of ACL tears presented with concomitant knee injuries (medial meniscus—63.4%; lateral meniscus—31.1%; posterior cruciate ligament—5.49%). 84.5% were primary tears.

Conclusions:

In this epidemiological review of ACL injuries, we found that ACL injuries tend to cluster within certain population subgroups. Patterns of mechanisms of injuries have been observed. These findings may lead to better preventive and treatment strategies in the management of ACL tears.
Thawing frozen shoulder by steroid injection
Authors: Pushpasekaran Narendran , Kumar Narender , Chopra RK , Borah Diganta , Arora Sumit
Published: February 2017

Background:

Frozen shoulder is not an uncommon disorder, and steroid injection into the glenohumeral (GH) joint is one of the most well-known approaches for the frozen shoulder. However, their results have been varied with beneficial effects or no additional advantage. With the understanding about the pathological changes taking place in frozen shoulder and the biomechanics involved, we wanted to evaluate the short- and long-term efficacy of steroid injection by a novel three-site (NTS) injection technique and compare it with the single-site injection (SSI).

Material and methods:

This was a prospective study with 85 patients including all stages and randomized into two groups. SSI group received steroid injection through posterior approach. NTS group received the same dose of steroid in diluted doses at three sites (posterior capsule, subacromial and subcoracoid). Second sitting was repeated after 3 weeks. Both groups had received the same physiotherapy. The patients were evaluated by CONSTANT score at initial, 3 week, 6 week and 6 month.

Results:

NTS group patients had significant pain relief and early improvement in activities of daily living ( p < 0.005). Both groups had improvement in shoulder movements but with NTS group, early near-normal scores were attained and sustained after 6 months. About 43% in SSI group could not attain near-normal levels and had relapses.

Conclusion:

The three-site approach to steroid instillation in frozen shoulder is a safe method and provides early recovery and better improvement in shoulder function with less relapses.
Three-dimensional dynamic motion analysis of the first carpometacarpal ligaments
Authors: Nanno Mitsuhiko , Kodera Norie , Tomori Yuji , Hagiwara Yusuke , Takai Shinro
Published: February 2017

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to analyze the dynamic motion of the first carpometacarpal (CMC) ligaments on a three-dimensional (3-D) surface model and to examine the changes in the ligament lengths during the motion of the first CMC joint.

Methods:

Six fresh-frozen cadaver wrists were used to analyze the motion of the first CMC ligaments on a 3-D coordinate system using a digitizer. Four ligaments, namely, dorsoradial ligament (DRL), posterior oblique ligament (POL), superficial anterior oblique ligament (SAOL), and deep anterior oblique ligament (dAOL), were dissected and identified. Their attachments were digitized and represented on 3-D bone images. The distances between the ligament attachments of the first metacarpal and the trapezium, which were the ligament lengths, were measured during the extension–flexion and adduction–abduction of the first CMC joint.

Results:

Both the DRL and POL lengthened during flexion of the first CMC joint, and both the SAOL and dAOL lengthened during extension. Both the DRL and SAOL lengthened during adduction, and both the POL and dAOL lengthened during abduction. The DRL alone lengthened significantly at flexion and adduction when the first CMC joint was in dorsoradial dislocation.

Conclusions:

The lengths of four ligaments changed significantly during first CMC joint motion. This study suggested that the DRL contributes substantial stability to the first CMC joint, preventing dorsoradial dislocation. This 3-D information improves the knowledge and understanding of the function of individual ligaments and their roles in the stability of the first CMC joint.
Orthopaedic surgeon attitudes towards current limitations and the potential for robotic and technological innovation in arthroscopic surgery
Authors: Jaiprakash Anjali , O’Callaghan William B , Whitehouse Sarah L , Pandey Ajay , Wu Liao , Roberts Jonathan , Crawford Ross W
Published: February 2017

Purpose:

To determine the perceptions of surgeons at both consultant and resident level to the difficulties of performing knee arthroscopy and to determine their willingness to adopt robotic technology.

Methods:

A questionnaire was designed to discern the attitude of orthopaedic consultants and residents to the technical challenges of performing knee arthroscopy and the possible role of robotically enhanced surgery. The questionnaire included 31 questions across five key domains.

Results:

Iatrogenic damage to articular cartilage was thought to occur in at least 1 in 10 cases by 50% of respondents with 15% believing that it occurred in every case. One hundred or more procedures were thought to be necessary to overcome the learning curve by 40% of respondents and 77.5% believed that 50 procedures or above were necessary. Ninety-nine per cent of respondents agreed that higher technical skills would decrease unintended damage. Despite such difficulties with the procedure and no prior experience with robotic surgery, 47% of respondents see a role for semiautonomous arthroscopic systems in the future.

Conclusions:

Surgeons believe that knee arthroscopy is a difficult procedure with a long learning curve and a high incidence of iatrogenic cartilage damage. Many find it ergonomically challenging and have frustration with current tools and technology.

Clinical Relevance:

This is the first study that highlights surgeons’ difficulties performing knee arthroscopy despite the commonly held attitudes that it is a straightforward procedure. Systems that are able to decrease these problems should improve patients’ outcomes and decrease the risk of harm.
Demonstration of public participation and communication through social media in the network society within Shanghai
Authors: Zhao Miaoxi , Lin Yanliu , Derudder Ben
Published: February 2017

The rapid development of information and communication technology has led to the Internet and social media becoming a vital platform for public participation in China. The present research sought to understand the complexity of participation in the network society by taking the cancellation of the number 55 bus route in Shanghai as a case study. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used to analyze data from a leading social networking site in China. An analysis of participation patterns led to an understanding of the main characteristics of public participation in the network society, and a statistical analysis of the network revealed the features of elite participants in the planning adjustment. A qualitative approach was also used to explore the communication process, which was influenced by Chinese social capital— guanxi. The case study revealed an uneven pattern of public participation in the network society, and suggestions are provided to enhance fairness and effectiveness in this process.
Risk of heart failure in survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma: effects of cardiac exposure to radiation and anthracyclines
Authors: van Nimwegen Frederika A. , Ntentas Georgios , Darby Sarah C. , Schaapveld Michael , Hauptmann Michael , Lugtenburg Pieternella J. , Janus Cecile P. M. , Daniels Laurien , van Leeuwen Flora E. , Cutter David J. , Aleman Berthe M. P.
Published: February 2017

Key Points

Risk of HF increases following cardiac radiation doses above 20 Gy. Anthracyclines increase HF rate by threefold independently of radiation.
Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric pathology: insights from in vivo and ex vivo models
Authors: Burkitt Michael D. , Duckworth Carrie A. , Williams Jonathan M. , Pritchard D. Mark
Published: February 2017

Gastric colonization with Helicobacter pylori induces diverse human pathological conditions, including superficial gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma and its precursors. The treatment of these conditions often relies on the eradication of H. pylori, an intervention that is increasingly difficult to achieve and that does not prevent disease progression in some contexts. There is, therefore, a pressing need to develop new experimental models of H. pylori-associated gastric pathology to support novel drug development in this field. Here, we review the current status of in vivo and ex vivo models of gastric H. pylori colonization, and of Helicobacter-induced gastric pathology, focusing on models of gastric pathology induced by H. pylori, Helicobacter felis and Helicobacter suis in rodents and large animals. We also discuss the more recent development of gastric organoid cultures from murine and human gastric tissue, as well as from human pluripotent stem cells, and the outcomes of H. pylori infection in these systems.
CREATING THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELS AND DRAWINGS FOR CNC MACHINES IN ARCHITECTURAL SCALE MODELLING
Authors: Соснина  , Sosnina Olga , Бирюкова  , Biryukova Alisa
Published: February 2017

When working at an architectural or industrial project, it is generally required to make its prototype or scale model, which would accurately replicate the structure designed. Scale modelling permits locating errors and inaccuracies; it enhances spatial vision and promotes architectural thinking. Scale modelling also reveals new features of architectural objects that have already been created. "Nizhny Novgorod Cableway" serves as an example of such objects. The article describes the technology for designing a scale model of the cableway, which demonstrates an updated lighting system on its supports.
STRENGTH AND DEFORMABILITY IN CRUMPLED INTO THE BOLTED CONNECTION
Authors: Солодов  , Solodov Nikolay
Published: February 2017

The current project analyses issues connected with the pressure deformed state of single bolt joints absolving the power of displacement. Based in contact model enclosed solution for the parameter jf the pressure deformed state in viscous elasticity stage at all levels during loading on plane conditions was received.
Hyperthyroidism in cats: what's new?
Authors: Taylor Samantha
Published: February 2017

Hyperthyroidism remains the most commonly diagnosed endocrinopathy in older cats. Measurement of total thyroxine (tT4) is diagnostic in most cases, but results within the reference interval may be obtained in cats with early hyperthyroidism and those with concurrent disease. Further thyroid function testing may include measurement of free thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone, or re-testing tT4 after 4 weeks. Chronic kidney disease is a common comorbidity and both diseases should be optimally managed, including definitive treatment of hyperthyroidism if indicated. Iatrogenic hypothyroidism may occur whatever treatment modality is used and, given the association with azotaemia and a poorer prognosis, should be treated with thyroxine.
Cement-in-cement femoral component revision in the multiply revised total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Sandiford N. A. , Jameson S. S. , Wilson M. J. , Hubble M. J. W. , Timperley A. J. , Howell J. R.
Published: February 2017

Aims

We present the clinical and radiological results at a minimum follow-up of five years for patients who have undergone multiple cement-in-cement revisions of their femoral component at revision total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Patients and Methods

We reviewed the outcome on a consecutive series of 24 patients (10 men, 14 women) (51 procedures) who underwent more than one cement-in-cement revision of the same femoral component. The mean age of the patients was 67.5 years (36 to 92) at final follow-up. Function was assessed using the original Harris hip score (HHS), Oxford Hip Score (OHS) and the Merle D’Aubigné Postel score (MDP).

Results

The mean length of follow-up was 81.7 months (64 to 240). A total of 41 isolated acetabular revisions were performed in which stem removal facilitated access to the acetabulum, six revisions were conducted for loosening of both components and two were isolated stem revisions (each of these patients had undergone at least two revisions). There was significant improvement in the OHS (p = 0.041), HHS (p = 0.019) and MDP (p = 0.042) scores at final follow-up There were no stem revisions for aseptic loosening. Survival of the femoral component was 91.9% (95% confidence intervals (CI) 71.5 to 97.9) at five years and 91.7% (95% CI 70 to 97) at ten years (number at risk 13), with stem revision for all causes as the endpoint.

Conclusion

Cement-in-cement revision is a viable technique for performing multiple revisions of the well cemented femoral component during revision total hip arthroplasty at a minimum of five years follow-up. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:199–203.
Pre-operative functional mobility as an independent determinant of inpatient functional recovery after total knee arthroplasty during three periods that coincided with changes in clinical pathways
Authors: Sluis G. van der , Goldbohm R. A. , Elings J. E. , Sanden M. W. Nijhuis-van der , Akkermans R. P. , Bimmel R. , Hoogeboom T. J. , Meeteren N. L. van
Published: February 2017

Aims

To investigate whether pre-operative functional mobility is a determinant of delayed inpatient recovery of activities (IRoA) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in three periods that coincided with changes in the clinical pathway.

Patients and Methods

All patients (n = 682, 73% women, mean age 70 years, standard deviation 9) scheduled for TKA between 2009 and 2015 were pre-operatively screened for functional mobility by the Timed-up-and-Go test (TUG) and De Morton mobility index (DEMMI). The cut-off point for delayed IRoA was set on the day that 70% of the patients were recovered, according to the Modified Iowa Levels of Assistance Scale (mILAS) (a 5-item activity scale). In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, we added either the TUG or the DEMMI to a reference model including established determinants.

Results

Both the TUG (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.10 per second, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.06 to 1.15) and the DEMMI (OR 0.96 per point on the 100-point scale, 95% CI 0.95 to 0.98) were statistically significant determinants of delayed IRoA in a model that also included age, BMI, ASA score and ISAR score. These associations did not depend on the time period during which the TKA took place, as assessed by tests for interaction.

Conclusion

Functional mobility, as assessed pre-operatively by the TUG and DEMMI, is an independent and stable determinant of delayed inpatient recovery of activities after TKA. Future research, focusing on improvement of pre-operative functional mobility through tailored physiotherapy intervention, should indicate whether such intervention enhances post-operative recovery among high-risk patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:211–17.
Identification of correlation structure using rotated factor loadings
Authors: Iwok Iberedem , B. J Nwikpe
Published: February 2017

This work seeks to identify the correlation structure of variables in terms of few underlying but unobservable factors. The method was applied to age and five different tests results obtained from 200 patients in a hospital. Two factors were identified using the scree plot and the Kaiser criterion. The factor loadings obtained by the method of principal components gave an inadequate fit to the data. An algebraic approach was applied using orthogonal rotation, and the loadings were found to give a clear and interpretable pattern. Consequently, the variables: age, fasting blood sugar and diastolic blood pressure were found to cluster about the first factor F1 called Age-Cardiovascular factor. Similarly, the remaining variables malaria, typhoid and haemoglobin clustered about the second factor F2 and the given name was Hemo-typhomalaria factor. Diagnostic checks were carried out and the factor model generated by the rotated loadings was found to be adequate.
Weak Capacity and Modulus Comparability in
Ahlfors Regular Metric Spaces
Authors: Lindquist Jeff
Published: February 2017

Let (Z, d, μ) be a compact, connected, Ahlfors Q-regular metric space with Q > 1. Using a hyperbolic
filling of Z,we define the notions of the p-capacity between certain subsets of Z and of theweak covering
p-capacity of path families Γ in Z.We show comparability results and quasisymmetric invariance.As an application
of our methodswe deduce a result due to Tyson on the geometric quasiconformality of quasisymmetric
maps between compact, connected Ahlfors Q-regular metric spaces.
Applications of Integral Geometry to
Geometric Properties of Sets in the
3D-Heisenberg Group
Authors: Huang Yen-Chang
Published: February 2017

By studying the group of rigid motions, PSH(1), in the 3D-Heisenberg group H1,we define a density
and a measure in the set of horizontal lines. We show that the volume of a convex domain D ⊂ H1 is equal
to the integral of the length of chords of all horizontal lines intersecting D. As in classical integral geometry,
we also define the kinematic density for PSH(1) and show that the measure of all segments with length l
intersecting a convex domain D ⊂ H1 can be represented by the p-area of the boundary ∂D, the volume of D,
and 2l. Both results show the relationship between geometric probability and the natural geometric quantity
in [10] derived by using variational methods. The probability that a line segment be contained in a convex
domain is obtained as an application of our results.
A study of the absence of arbitrage opportunities without calculating the risk-neutral probability
Authors: Dani S. , Kandouci A.
Published: February 2017

In this paper, we establish the property of conditional full support for two processes: the Ornstein Uhlenbeck and the stochastic integral in which the Brownian Bridge is the integrator and we build the absence of arbitrage opportunities without calculating the risk-neutral probability.
Properties of pseudocereals, selected specialty cereals and legumes for food processing with special attention to gluten-free products / Verarbeitungseigenschaften von Pseudogetreide, ausgewählten Spezialitätengetreide und Leguminosen mit speziellem Fokuss auf glutenfreie Produkte
Authors: Schoenlechner Regine
Published: February 2017

Cereals and legumes offer many nutritional benefits, and should therefore be consumed widely. In particular, legume consumption is very low in northern countries. Although many species of cereals, pseudocereals and legumes are available for human nutrition, today only a limited range of them is used in larger amounts. Wheat, rice and maize are dominating the cereal sector and beans, chickpeas and peas are the most produced legumes. Specialty cereals (e.g., colored varieties), pseudocereals (amaranth, quinoa, buckwheat) and legumes show great potential for the development of new food products due to their good nutritional composition and different functional properties.
Relationship between high-frequency sediment-level oscillations in the swash zone and inner surf zone wave characteristics under calm wave conditions
Authors: Li Zhiqiang
Published: February 2017

Swash zone topography rapidly responds to the surf zone waves. Understanding how sandy beaches respond to wave action is critical for beach erosion research, and plays a critical role in the design and maintenance of shore protection structures. The main objectives of this study were to detect the relationship between high-frequency beachface oscillations and surf zone wave characteristics under plunging breakers by using Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA). The study site is located in Houjiangwan Bay, eastern Guangdong. Topography data were sampled at 6 min intervals. The wave characteristic parameters were calculated by spectrum method. During the field work, the beach showed a reflective state and plunging breakers controlled the surf zone. The beach cusp topography was destructed gradually. The analysis provides 4 canonical correlation processes between the beachface variations and surf zone waves, which explained 95.28% of the overall variation in the data. The result shows wave steepness, the irregularity factor and spectral broadness factor had strong impacts on the topography. The wave steepness was the most important factor for beach profile variations. The results of the present study indicate that data-driven statistical analysis, such as CCA, is useful for analyzing profile response to waves if there is strong correlation between the two variables (beach profiles and wave).
Phylogenetic analysis of wood-inhabiting molds and assessment of soft-rot wood deterioration. Part 5. Genus Aureobasidium
Authors: Lee Young Min , Lee Hanbyul , Heo Young Mok , Hong Joo-Hyun , Jang Seokyoon , Kang Kyu-Young , Kim Jae-Jin
Published: February 2017

The genus Aureobasidium is wellknown as a wood-staining mold and as a black yeast-like fungi, which produces mainly dark spores or pigmented hyphae within the wood cell lumens. Nevertheless, few studies are dedicated to wood-colonizing Aureobasidium species and little is known about the wood degradation patterns of this genus. In the present study, four Aureobasidium species, including Aureobasidium melanogenum, Aureobasidium leucospermi, Aureobasidium pullulans, and an unknown Aureobasidium sp., were isolated and identified based on phylogenetic analysis. A. melanogenum and A. leucospermi were observed for the first time in Korea. The degradation pattern of Douglas-fir by Aureobasidium was observed for the first time by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All tested Aureobasidium species except an unknown Aureobasidium sp. revealed soft-rot Type ΙΙ (erosion) in sapwood pine.
Kinetic characterization of apoptotic Ras signaling through Nore1-MST1 complex formation
Authors: Koturenkiene Agne , Makbul Cihan , Herrmann Christian , Constantinescu-Aruxandei Diana
Published: February 2017

Ras-mediated apoptotic signaling is expected to be mediated via Rassf-MST complexes, but the system has been poorly characterized in vitro until now. Here we demonstrate that active H-Ras, Nore1A and MST1 form a stable ternary complex in vitro without other external factors, Nore1A interacting simultaneously with H-Ras and MST1 via its RBD and SARAH domain, respectively. Moreover, our data show for the first time that the SARAH domain of Nore1A plays a role in the Nore1A binding to H-Ras. Finally, we analyze the relation between the electrostatic and hydrophobic forces and kinetic constants of the Nore1A – H-Ras complex.
Discursive and Institutional Management of Refugees and Their Crisis in Lithuania
Authors: Maskaliūnaitė Asta
Published: February 2017

In this article, Lithuanian discourse and institutional management of migration is assessed, using the framework of securitization of migration offered by Jef Huysmans. In Huysmans’ work, migration is securitized not only in discourse, but also in the institutional practices of both the states and, in the case of Europe, also the EU. It is not only by talking about asylum seekers as a security problem, but also by moulding it into the practice of border control and policing (treating it in the same documents and institutions as terrorism, drug trafficking and organized crime) that migration becomes a security issue. In the Lithuanian case, both discourse and institutional practice leans to treat immigration and asylum as primarily security problems. In the discursive arena, however, the topics of ‘hard’ security are clearly eclipsed by economic topics and, it is argued, the economic pressures are the ones which could explain best the hostility towards refugees and reluctant compliance with the EU relocation scheme.
Understanding Strategic Information Manoeuvres in Network Media to Advance Cyber Operations: A Case Study Analysing Pro-Russian Separatists’ Cyber Information Operations in Crimean Water Crisis
Authors: Al-Khateeb Samer , Agarwal Nitin
Published: February 2017

The inexpensive nature and wide availability of emerging media outlets, e.g. social networking sites and blogs makes them easy-to-use weapons, giving power and courage to individuals to form groups that are able to win or at least force concessions from stronger forces. Today, terrorist groups know that opinions can be influenced using networked media and this knowledge empowers and enables them to alienate their audience and sometimes provoke them into violent actions. To understand the strategic information manoeuvres used by such groups, e.g., trans-national terrorist groups, we study the channels (blogs, Twitter, etc.) and methods (e.g., influential actors/groups) they use to disseminate messages pertaining to recruitment, radicalization, and raising funds. We collect data from several sources, including over 130 blog websites known for pro-Russian propaganda for events such as the Crimean water crisis and Trident Juncture Exercise (TRJE 15). In addition to blogs, we collect data from Twitter for the above-mentioned events to study the crossinfluence of various social media platforms in conducting strategic information manoeuvres. The study shows that groups are able to spread their opinions and create emotional attitudes for their followers through the sophisticated and blended use of these network media platforms via powerful actors, trolls, and botnets. We design social and network science informed methodologies to study the sociotechnical behaviours of trolls and botnets and develop detection tools ready to be deployed for Cyber operations. The tools have been further tested in the information operations of ISIL, e.g., beheading of hostages in orange jump suits. This study helps identifying the actions needed to win this “battle of ideas”.