bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wissensnetze im Stadtumbau des Landes Brandenburg — Analysen und Empfehlungen
Authors: Büttner Kerstin , Droste Christiane , Lange Bastian , Mahnken Gerhard
Published: March 2010

With all their strength, the East German states are struggling to maintain the highly mobile resource “human capital”. In the meantime, there was even a suggestion to reimburse the tuition fees to everybody who would also after his degree stay in the state where he or she studied. Increasingly the question arises, how knowledge building infrastructures might, beyond their function as resource for learning and training, promote the development of attractive socio-spatial areas. The following article will analyse four knowledge networks and their key actors, practitioners and policies and will provide recommendations for action, which are probably relevant even out of range of the state of Brandenburg.
Windenergie quo vadis?
Authors: Schaal Peter , Kolshorn Joane
Published: March 2010

In view of intensive discussions about the future chances of inland wind energy an investigation was carried out in the framework of an ad-hoc study at the Institute for Environmental Sciences (Kolshorn 2004) to what extent wind energy still possesses growth potentials even in the already strongly frequented regions of Lower Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt and whether the political objective of the federal government of the expansion of wind energy is also being kept up at the lower levels. The study considers the dedication practice of regional and structure planning, which take in a key position in the precautionary minimization of conflicts and in the provision of land. It becomes clear in this context that the already dedicated land potentials for wind energy will tend to be reduced rather than extended in the future and that a growth of the produced wind energy can be achieved mainly by the re-powering of existing locations. The environmentally compatible management of these locations is one of the tasks of regional planning.
Klimawandel und Raumplanung
Authors: Fleischhauer Mark , Bornefeld Benjamin
Published: March 2010

Climate change and spatial planning are connected in two ways. On the one hand, spatial planning can contribute to mitigating climate change, i.e. to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. On the other hand, spatial planning also plays an important role in the adaptation to climate change impacts. This article examines by the example of Germany the potential role regional and land-use planning can play in climate change mitigation and adaptation.
Der Umgang mit Verkehr im suburbanen Raum
Authors: Stein Axel , Wolf Ulrike
Published: March 2010

Despite the high relevance of integrated land-use and transportation planning, its success in reducing traffic growth remains limited. Building on practical experiences in planning of transport and settlement structures in five regional case studies, this article provides a starting point for a renewal of overall models of spatial development. In doing so, the needs to meet the growing heterogeneity of suburbia and a more Strategic and practical orientation of these models are taken into account.
Beschäftigungsentwicklung in Mitteldeutschland
Authors: Farhauer Oliver , Granato Nadia
Published: March 2010

Comparing the labour market situation in East Germany shows that the employment volume in Sachsen-Anhalt has considerably declined whereas Thüringen has been performing much better. In our paper we analyse indicators relevant to employment development in both federal states (Bundesländer) using a benchmark approach. This reveals, that Thüringen is better equipped with regard to all indicators, the most pronounced differences being related to location factors and industry structure.
Die regionale Vielfalt des demographischen Wandels in Europa
Authors: Gans Paul
Published: March 2010

Policy and practice perspective
Ansätze für die Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung (UVP) für Programme und Pläne in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Authors: Wagner Dieter
Published: March 2010

The EU Commission has proposed that environmental impact assessment (EIA) should be introduced for plans and programmes. In Germany, in some quarters at least, this proposal has met with emphatic resistance. The key (methodological) objections to this proposal reflect reservations about the extremely rigid formalisation of planning processes which this would entail (without this in itself producing any beneficial effects for the environment), and the Problems it would create for the public participation process which it envisages. In Germany no experience has been gathered to date of full plan or programme EIA; there is however already a wealth of experience available regarding the individual requirements. This article presents the results of a Simulation exercise based on application of the EIA directive for plans and programmes in the context of area development planning in the federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia.
Politische Steuerung und Zielperspektiven einer sozial-integrativen Stadtentwicklung im Bundesland Brandenburg
Authors: Rolfes Manfred , Wilhelm Jan Lorenz
Published: March 2010

Urban policies — no matter whether on a communal, regional or national level — are characterized by forward-looking, forward-planning procedures. Self-critical reflections on the effects or the efficiency of already implemented policies are in general speaking not very common. Two reasons are often mentioned. On the one hand profound methodical problems can make evaluations of urban policies very complicated. On the other hand if there do exist evaluation-reports they are often left out of consideration for the ongoing planning of new urban policies for lack of time. Based on empirical studies and evaluations in the state of Brandenburg this article wants to discuss consequences for the control and management of integrated urban developing policies.
Nachfrageorientiertes Nutzungszyklusmanagement
Authors: Bizer Kilian , Ewen Christoph , Knieling Jörg , Othengrafen Frank , Stieß Immanuel
Published: March 2010

Policy and practice perspective
Vom Moorgebiet zur Urlaubsregion — Eine Analyse der Regionalentwicklung des Emslandes unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Tourismuswirtschaft
Authors: Zehner Klaus
Published: March 2010

Policy and practice perspective
Vergleichende Wirkungsanalyse zur Umsetzung von Gender Mainstreaming im EU-Programm URBAN II
Authors: Bauer Uta , Bock Stephanie , Wohltmann Heike
Published: March 2010

Policy and practice perspective
Außer Spesen nichts gewesen?
Authors: Knippschild Robert
Published: March 2010

Stakeholders in public authorities are often sceptical towards cross-border cooperation projects in spatial development. The reason for this is that the benefit too often remains unclear, even after the closure of such processes that are in many cases funded by EU Programmes. A reasonable expenditure of European subsidies for cross-border cooperation becomes a challenge. But it is up to the stakeholders themselves to benefit from the achieved results of cooperation. This requires a longterm perspective, joint and realistic objectives and expectations as well as skills for dealing with existing constraints of cooperation.
Die Landschaft der Regionalentwicklung: Wie flexibel ist der Landschaftsbegriff?
Authors: Hokema Dorothea
Published: March 2010

The discussion about cultural landscapes during the past few years is amongst others a discussion about a shift in the interpretation of the term landscape from the traditional ideal of idyllic cultural landscapes to a more pragmatic and up-to-date-definition. This article compares the so-called “narrow” term to a “wider” term of landscape and surveys how these terms appear in regional-park concepts. As a result, possibilities and constraints of “widening” the term landscape are presented.
Die Rolle der Stadt-Umland-Räume in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Authors: Greiving Stefan , Winkel Rainer
Published: March 2010

The paper discusses different models for the organisation of functional urban areas of the six county-free cities in the federal state of Mecklenburg-Pommerania. It refers as argumentative basis to the given objectives for the re-organisation of the country structure launched by the federal government on the one hand and the known interests of the cities on the other hand. This re-organisation is regarded as indispensable in view of the ongoing demographic change, this federal state suffers from. In accordance to the development goals of the federal state itself, a remained country-free status of the six cities in combination with single incorporations of neighbouring villages and regional associations for the bigger functional urban areas of Rostock and Schwerin is preferred by this paper.
Stadtentwicklung durch Auszeichnung — der Städtewettbewerb T-City
Authors: Lobeck Michael , Müller Wolfgang , Wiegandt Claus-Christian
Published: March 2010

The article discusses city contests as an instrument of urban development. It describes different forms of city contests and shows, how those correspond with different interests and expectations of the contractee and the participating cities. Taking the city contest T-City of the Deutsche Telekom as an example, characteristic issues and the process, expectations of the participants and results of the contest are described. Finally, some conclusions are drawn as to who benefits from contests and what the benefits are.
Die gesamtwirtschaftlichen Wirkungen der EU-Strukturpolitik in den Konvergenzregionen
Authors: Bradley John , Bradley John , Untiedt Gerhard
Published: March 2010

The reform of the European structural policy in the late eighties confronted the European Commission and the national policy-makers with new tasks. In contrast to many other political interventions the measures of the European Structural Funds go out explicitly over short-term stabilisation and are supposed primarily to contribute to improve the supply-side conditions in the supported national economies. The promotion scheme has the target to improve of the production conditions and to contribute for the convergence of the incomes within Europe. For the analysis of the effects are applicable a multiplicity of methods, which differ according to the economical range of the effects. In this contribution we deal with some methodical aspects in particular the overall economic effects and for the Structural Fund period 2007 to 2013. We present some selected results for the recipient countries, which come from the HERMIN models. Altogether significantly positive effects show up both for the growth of the national product and employment, whereby there are significant differences across the recipient countries, which can be traced backt to the different structural conditions within these economies.
Innovationsförderung durch die EU-Strukturpolitik nach 2007: neue Ansätze, alte Probleme?
Authors: Wink Rüdiger
Published: March 2010

This paper deals with options, prerequisites and planned activities to foster innovation promotion as a major instrument of EU structural funds. Due to its dependence on a specific density of agglomeration and interactions between firms, research institutes, universities, public administration and specialised intermediaries, regional innovation systems (RIS) and clusters seem to be a very promising instrument to improve the competitiveness of regions and their citizens, firms and other organizations. However, only few regions are able to implement a strategy of RIS or clusters successfully, causing additional risks of increasing disparities between economically leading and lagging regions. The plans of the European Commission for the next budget period including further instruments to promote innovation are investigated and assessed critically, and within conclusions, an argumentation is presented, why promotion of innovation will never contribute in the intensity intended by the European Commission to EU regional policy.
Europa findet Stadt — Die städtische Dimension in der EU-Strukturpolitik
Authors: Eltges Markus , Lackmann Gregor
Published: March 2010

Policy and practice perspective
Landesentwicklung durch Freizeitverkehr
Authors: Heinze G. Wolfgang
Published: March 2010

Long-term prognoses point to the unabated growth of leisure and holiday travel. This situation presents an opportunity both to create new jobs and to overhaul our transport system. With the trend towards more frequent, shorter, spontaneous — but all the more intensive — breaks, the distinction between leisure and holiday travel is becoming blurred. Foreign travel — in pursuit of either the sun or snow — continues to be popular, but globalisation entails not only the opening up of new markets, but also the rediscovery of local identity, with the focus on intimacy, niches and group. An appropriate strategy to pursue in central Europe would therefore be “More Frequent Short-Break Travel in Place of Long-Stay Tourism”. Germany is on its way to becoming a boring country. And yet the popularity of active sports and events suggests that there is a strong desire to experience something which contrast with everyday life. Instead of promoting standardisation and copying others, spatial planning and transport policy should be more daring in the field of leisure travel. It should encourage distinctiveness, creative provincialisation and partnerships among contrasting locations.
Verkehr und Siedlungsstruktur — eine dynamische Gestaltungsaufgabe
Authors: Holz-Rau Christian
Published: March 2010

The success of transport planning and transport policy in the endeavour to bring about sustainable development with regard to transport and traffic has to be seen as no more than limited. Discussion has been focused on structural factors (transport infrastructure, settlement structure, fuel tax, etc.) which in many cases are not implementable (punitively high petrol prices) and/or which are not capable of achieving the envisaged effects to the degree desired (functional mix). Today’s transport structures and the current state of development of transportation are the result of “sovereign decision-making” (e.g. in the preparatory land-use plans (zoning plans) of local authorities), and of the “decisions of individual citizens” (e.g. in choosing where to live and the mode of transport they use). Accordingly, planning concepts need to be augmented by an “individualised” component and geared more to those existing assets which will dominate in the long term.
Vorbeugender Hochwasserschutz in Flusseinzugsgebieten
Authors: Richter Gerhard , Siegel Bernd
Published: March 2010

Decentral flooding control concepts for whole drainage areas of small and medium-sized rivers do not exist so far. The “Informal Plan for preventive flood control” modelled for the drainage area of the river Wesenitz is presented as a generalisable regional-planning strategy concept devoted to improving the retention of land and water. This strategy advance will serve to remove shortcomings in spatial planning in the sphere of preventive flood control. The plan for the drainage area overcomes administrative hurdles and promotes co-operation between local authorities in the field of flood control. Using a synopsis of key factors influencing surface-water run-offs in the drainage area, conflict types with a bearing on how flooding arises are identified. These provide local authorities and sectoral planners with a means of specifying local flooding measures and of establishing priorities in respect thereof. Different local flooding measures are represented in the Informal Plan by means of special planning symbols.
INTERREG Rhine-Maas Aktivitäten
Authors: Huttenloher Christian
Published: March 2010

Responding to the extreme floods of 1993/94 and 1995 on Rhine and Meuse the European Commission encouraged a transnational action programme to establish a preventive approach of flood protection within the Community Initiative INTERREG II C. The programme “INTERREG Rhine-Meuse Activities” (IRMA), jointly elaborated and implemented by the concerned states, should launch a new policy of flood prevention, based on spatial planning, and put it into action through concrete measures inside the entire catchment area. Even though the spatial planning orientation could not be observed absolutely strictly within the programme implementation, this initiative represents an important and successful first step towards a new direction of sustainable flood prevention policy.
Grundprobleme von Indikatorsystemen für Regionale Nachhaltigkeit
Authors: Bizer Kilian , Sternberg Rolf
Published: March 2010

This paper explores the possibility to use indicator systems of regional sustainability for interregional comparisons as well as policy instruments. The potential for such a utilisation is limited by three major problems. First, the problem of aggregating many separate indicators to finally one sustainability index, on which fiscal relations supposedly could be based, second the varying regional endowments which provide different starting points for sustainable developments, and finally the problem of cardinal or ordinal scale as many of the indicators discussed are only of qualitative nature. As a result we conclude that regional comparisons of sustainability suffer from substantial methodological and theoretical shortcomings even if improved regionalisations can be applied.
Medienwirtschaft in regionalen Entwicklungsstrategien
Authors: Schönert Matthias , Willms Werner
Published: March 2010

Many major German cities have in the past attempted to shape the media sector into the focal point of this domain by applying structural concepts and thereby forcing the transition towards a modern service-orientated society. Hamburg, Berlin, Munich, Cologne and Frankfurt/M. are considered to be the leading media centers. However, a closer analysis of the spatial concentration and specialisation of the economic structure reveals that there are certain regional attributes in each of the branches of the media sector. By listing the opportunities and risks related to the various funding estimates available for initiating an effective and efficient media sector, this paper is intended to assist regional players in formulating correspondingly adjusted concepts of development.
Deutsche Technologiepolitik auf neuen Pfaden
Authors: Dohse Dirk
Published: March 2010

Since the mid 1990’s the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research strikes a new path in technology funding by tying technology policy initiatives to the regional level. The BioRegio contest and the InnoRegio contest are considered to be the prototype models of this new policy. The current paper analyses and compares the two prototype models and elaborates conceptual strengths and weaknesses of region oriented technology policy.
Parametrische Steuerung — eine neuer Steuerungsmodus für die Raumplanung?
Authors: Cools Marion , Gnest Holger , Fürst Dietrich
Published: March 2010

“Parametric governance” refers to a steering mode by which the steering body defines operationalized objectives but leaves it open to the implementing bodies how the goals may be achieved. Transferred to spatial planning that steering mode would require theLandesplanungnot to delineate areas with special purposes but just to indicate the objective, e.g.: The state stipulates regional planners to demarcate areas which are suitable and capable to host “x mega-watt of wind-energy”. The approach corresponds to newer governance patterns which grant the decentralized implementing agencies more room of manoeuvre to develop solutions which are better suited to the problems, more attuned to the given situation and more accepted by those concerned than the traditional top-down solutions. In particular, the approach is closely related to the mode of “contracting” within the system of new public management. The article tries to give an idea of the potentials of parametric governance for spatial planning and to derive knowledge from similar approaches in other policy areas or other fields of action as to what could improve the effectiveness of the approach and where to look for problems and obstacles.
Die Leitvorstellung der nachhaltigen Raumentwicklung
Authors: Beaucamp Guy
Published: March 2010

In 1998 the concept of sustainable development has become part of the federal town and country planning law. Beginning with a brief sketch of the sustainability concept, the article then examines which elements have been transferred into the legal text. Additionally their legal impact and the important role of regional planning are analysed.
Schrumpfende Städte und leere Wohnungen
Authors: Bullinger Dieter
Published: March 2010

Over the next 10 to 15 years, the towns and cities of Germany — and indeed throughout Europe — will feel the full impact of overall population decline. At present the effects of this new megatrend in urban development are most clearly evident in the towns of eastern Germany, which are suffering not only from the effects of natural negative population development, but are also experiencing serious population depletion through outward migration. The result is unoccupied housing, with major consequences both for the economy and for settlement structure. The author outlines possible measures and conflicts associated with managing urban shrinkage processes.
Der ökonomische Wert städtischer Freiräume
Authors: Klaphake Axel , Meyerhoff Jürgen
Published: March 2010

Green spaces have important values contributing to the quality of urban life. According to economic theory, these values should be assessed in monetary terms. This paper discusses the suitability of the contingent valuation in assessing urban green spaces benefits, and presents the main results of an empirical study conducted in Berlin. The study was designed to measure the the visitors’ willingness to pay for two programs to enhance the quality of an urban park.
Räumliche Aspekte des föderativen Systems — Eine Einführung
Authors: Fürst Dietrich , Kilper Heiderose
Published: March 2010

The discussion about the modernisation of German federalism is put in an international comparative context. The criticism of the traditional federalism of the Federal Republic of Germany is outlined and the pressure for adaptation that arises from the changed context conditions is sketched out. Different directions of development for changes and important points of departure for reform efforts in regional and institutional learning processes are found here.

The process of “re-inventing the state” against the background of a changing conception of the state aims at a new division of labour between the federation, the federal states and the municipalities. In network-like forms of governance the federal states turn into “strategic general entrepreneurs”, while executive functions are transferred to the regions and municipalities. Regional planning would be the suitable co-ordinator for the growing need for co-ordination that accompanies this, under inclusion of the bodies that are addressed by the execution.
Räumliche Aspekte von Föderalismus und Finanzausgleich — Von der Allokations- und Verteilungs- zur Wachstumsperspektive
Authors: Döring Thomas
Published: March 2010

In the last 40 years, in public finance the examination of spatial aspects of federalism and intergovernmental fiscal relations was dominated by allocative and distributional issues. Modern growth theory and complementary approaches lead to a shift in the research perspective. Against this background the paper discusses how the findings of modern growth theory can affect the design of intergovernmental fiscal relations. The results of this analysis can be summarized as follows: (1) the existence of a geographically different growth dynamic provides an additional justification for a decentralization of political competences. (2) To cover more exactly the regional economic backward and forward linkages, especially local government authorities should intensify their cooperative behavior. (3) From the perspective of economic growth, the equalizing effect of horizontal transfers between decentralized jurisdictions should be limited.
Verfassungspolitische Alternative zur Entflechtungspolitik
Authors: Benz Artur
Published: March 2010

The Commission on Federalism of the Lower and Upper Houses of the German Parliament developed numerous concrete suggestions for a reform of the German federal state. However, in the course of the discussions the goal of separating powers between levels of government gained more and more acceptance. This goal is hardly realisable, and it provides no sensible guideline for the development of the federal state. In view of the interdependencies between central and decentralised tasks ways must be found instead to strengthen the autonomy of the Länder governments and to improve the co-ordination between central and decentralised policy at the same time. As an alternative to a separation of power and to the economic model of competitive federalism the concept of a creative federalism is outlined here, which promotes decentralised innovations in the framework of central rules and realises a flexible allocation of competence. Such a concept of federalism has advantages particularly for spatial planning policy.
Städte und Europäische Strukturpolitik
Authors: Eltges Markus
Published: March 2010

Since the beginning of the 1990’s the European institutions have discovered the theme area “city and urban development” for themselves. Particularly the European Union and here especially the European Commission with its structural policy are dealing with the subject. The main concern of the European Union is the support of the development of integrated concepts for urban development. The previously traditional sector-specific approach and the distribution of competence and responsibilities at different decision-making levels that is associated with this has made the solution of urban problem situations more difficult. The entire European economy is suffering from this. Particularly with the AGENDA 2000 urban promotion contents have increased in importance. With the reform of the structural funds this urban development policy dimension is to experience a further revaluation after 2006 according to the intention of the Commission. Urban development is to become an explicit component of regional policy, in order to contribute to the achievement of the Lisbon objectives in this way.
Economic convergence on different spatial levels: the conflict between cohesion and growth
Authors: Kramar Hans
Published: March 2010

The analysis of economic disparities within the European Union strongly depends on the regional level considered. Whereas the economic gap between the member states has decreased over the last decades, regional disparities have rather deepened. The reason for these contradictory findings can be found in the increasing disparities within many of the member states: Especially in growing economies the gap between urban centres and rural peripheries tends to widen. The spatial concentration of research and development, high skilled labour, infrastructure and foreign investment in the capitals will therefore suppose-ably become a big challenge for the accession countries, which will have to face increasing international competition. Joining a common market of more than 450 million people means new opportunities, challenges and threats for economic development, which have to be faced by local, regional and national governments as well as by European institutions.

EU-policies act in the dichotomy between the conflicting goals of economic growth and cohesion. Since they strongly influence regional conditions for production it is of great political interest whether a certain measure fosters economic efficiency by favouring the highly developed centres or rather enhances convergence by promoting lagging regions. The answer is, however, not trivial and needs closer examination: Measures encouraging regional cohesion on the European level can also increase disparities within a state or a region at the same time. This is the reason why the regional effects of EU-policies have to be analysed on different spatial levels.

Dealing with the spatial impacts of various European Policies (Regional Policy, Trans-European Networks, Common Agricultural Policy, Research and Technological Development Policy) there is some evidence that these policies try to compensate the effects of growing competition in the common market by concentrating their efforts on urban growth poles within the underdeveloped countries. Doing that, the European Union comes up to the two conflicting goals of growth and cohesion by promoting efficient economic development in the member states on the one hand and regional convergence on the European level on the other. This approach is of course mainly directed at European objectives and brings about new problems for the member states: According to the principle of subsidiarity the growing divergence within the member states is, however, not a policy task of the European Union but of the member states: Therefore national politics are still required to take on responsibility for these intranational problems by adopting their transport, regional and economic policies to the new challenge.
Das DART-Projekt
Authors: Rosenbsaum Harald
Published: March 2010

Policy and practice perspective
European Urban Knowledge Network — EUKN
Authors: Göddecke-Stellmann Jürgen
Published: March 2010

Policy and practice perspective
Neue Leitbilder der Raumentwicklung
Authors: Sinz Manfred , Aring Jürgen
Published: March 2010

After an intensive discussion within the planning community as well as in the political area the Standing Conference of Ministers responsible for Spatial Planning has decided upon new visions and guidelines for spatial development in Germany. Its main topics are contributions of planning and regional policy to general social and economic tasks like “growth and innovation”, “guaranteeing public services” and “safeguarding natural resources” as well as “shaping cultural landscapes”. The paper wants to explain why the new guidelines indicate an innovative step for spatial planning at the federal level in Germany. The main messages are: The guidelines identify their goals and proposals for action not from a traditional territorial perspective using categories like agglomerations and rural areas. Instead the new strategies refer to prevailing economic, social and environmental challenges like regional competitiveness, demographic change and conflicts on land-use priorities. This signifies a paradigm shift from traditional equity-oriented interventions in favour of rural areas to a stronger emphasis on urban agglomerations and their metropolitan development potentials. The apparent or supposed shift led to continuing political and ideological discussions which are treated in this article.
Leitbilder und strategische Raumentwicklung
Authors: Knieling Jörg
Published: March 2010

Concepts should fulfil different functions in the framework of a strategic spatial development: orientation, co-ordination, reflection, innovation and activation. How can the new “Concepts and Policy Strategies for Spatial Development in Germany” be placed in this respect? The article considers the orientation of the concepts towards growth and the provision of essential services as well as the strategy “reinforcing strengths”, the concentration of metropolitan regions connected with this and the economic orientation of spatial development. Do objective conflicts result with the orientation towards balance and with the overriding concepts of a sustainable spatial development? Which perspectives are offered by the new instrument of “large-scale communities of responsibility”? And with regard to the planning method: How can concept processes guarantee the necessary openness and adaptability? Further-reaching research questions are derived from the discussion.
Einleitung. Stadt und Stadtpolitik
Authors: Krau Ingrid
Published: March 2010

Issue 4/2007 of this journal was dedicated to EU structural policy and the European structural funds, including the impacts of distribution. This current issue addresses European cities as compact spheres of economic activity, and their strategic importance for the implementation of a European policy of accelerated growth, also with a critical view on a mere aiming for the goals of the Lisbon Strategy. This involves analysis and discussion of various current approaches at national level and of the development trends of integration-based urban policy in the field of tension between the Lisbon Strategy and territorial cohesion. In addition to historical developments and local strategies, focus is also placed on the analysis and (further) development of models of urban governance with their idealised notion of a local community of responsibility; European reality does, however, to a greater of lesser extent diverge from this ideal.
Raumentwicklung ist Stadtentwicklung ist Raumentwicklung
Authors: Gatzweiler Hans-Peter , Kaltenbrunner Robert
Published: March 2010

The empirical fact that in Germany around three-thirds of the population live in large city regions, although the society has a mainly urban character, and the predominant understanding of spatial development (policy) do not match. Rather seem certain tenors, which are based on the antinomy of city and countryside, to have an effect. Nowadays, urban and spatial development should not be analytically separated and put in contrast to each other but understood as a whole. The interdependencies between old and new forms of urbanity have to be considered. The article argues for this change of perspective. At the same time it is supposed to highlight the necessity of political and planning-related action in city-regional contexts and the connection between urban and spatial development policies.
Großstadtpolitik in England – das Beispiel Manchester
Authors: Jessen Johann , Walther Uwe-Jens
Published: March 2010

Kurzfassung

Nach ihrem Wahlsieg 1997 machte die Labour-Regierung Stadtpolitik zu einem ihrer zentralen Themen. Darin verknüpfte sie programmatisch die Kritik an den Mängeln einer bisher vorrangig marktwirtschaftlich orientierten Stadtpolitik mit der Modernisierung des Staatshandelns. Es wurden zahlreiche Programme aufgelegt, neue Institutionen geschaffen und fachpolitische Initiativen lanciert, die heute die nationale Stadtpolitik wie die Politik in den englischen Städten maßgeblich prägen. Neuere Evaluationen der Politik ziehen eine insgesamt positive Bilanz der Blair‘schen Stadtpolitik. In den englischen Städten sei in den vergangenen zehn Jahren der soziale Zusammenhalt gewachsen, ihre Wettbewerbsfähigkeit habe sich erhöht und die Lebensqualität, die sich nach dem englischem Verständnis sehr stark auf die Qualitäten des öffentlichen Raums bezieht, sei angestiegen. Der Beitrag umreißt die wesentlichen Merkmale dieser Stadtpolitik der letzten zehn Jahre und macht ihre Ergebnisse an der lokalen Stadtpolitik Manchester plastisch, die als ein besonders erfolgreiches und markantes Beispiel gilt.
A few factors in understanding French town planning
Authors: Terrin Jean-Jacques
Published: March 2010

Current affairs have lately shone a less-than-flattering light on various events associated with French planning, but without giving much illumination to the reasons behind them. It is difficult to decode the deep-rooted causes of these phenomena without knowing about the historical, political and administrative context of French planning. We also need to understand the new political issues that are arising and the economic levers acting on a European scale, such as the emergence of new global private operators interacting with local contacts in terms of fundraising, management and urban design.
Challenges to national urban policies in the Netherlands
Authors: Meer Jan van der , Braun Erik
Published: March 2010

Recently, a new consensus about the role of cities as the motors of the regional, national and European economy has emerged. However, there is also substantial evidence that social problems are growing in many cities. Linking economic competitiveness to increasing social inclusion is a crucial challenge for policy-makers at all levels of government. The article intends to shed light on the way the Dutch central government tries to support cities to develop into sustainable, vital, complete and competitive entities. As response to a powerful plea by the largest cities themselves, an integrated policy (linking spatial, economic, social, environmental and safety policies) explicitly focused on cities, was given shape. Prime issues are covenants between central government and each city, based on tailor-made long-term strategies, including measurable objectives. To get a clear picture of the policy’s effectiveness — after 13 years of experience — appears to be difficult. Reviewers argue that a lot of aspects could be improved. For the current phase most of these comments have been taken into account.
Möglichkeiten der Evaluierung eines Regionalen Flächennutzungsplans am Beispiel des Ruhrgebiets
Authors: Pollermann Kim
Published: March 2010

By implementing the “Regionalen Flächennutzungsplan” (RFNP, in sense of a regional joint preparatory land-use plan), “preparatory land-use planning” and “regional planning” are pooled together to one planning. This article shows possibilities for an evaluation of such a planning. First, basic characteristics of the RFNP and the results of a survey about the image of the RFNP are presented.

After having given an introduction about options for the systematisation of the RFNP-process as well as about the difficulties to find a definition of its success, different modules for an evaluation step by step are elaborated. In addition, those groups of actors and methods required to collect appropriate data are shown.
JESSICA und Stadtentwicklungsfonds — Neue Aufgaben für alte Landesentwicklungsgesellschaften?
Authors: Held Tobias , Jakubowski Peter
Published: March 2010

The JESSICA-initiative of the European Commission and the European Investment Bank allows implementing innovative instruments to enhance investments in sustainable urban development. This article analyzes possible duties of the German regional development companies in the new field of urban development funds. As they are experienced players in the compliance of public objectives of urban development, the regional development companies have profound knowledge of the JESSICA-approach’s core areas. Given their experience in the field, the regional development companies could assume the selection and the control of urban development projects within a new structure of public private partnership in an urban development fund.
Raumplanung in der Zukunft
Authors: Priebs Axel , Gnest Holger
Published: March 2010

In a world of change, regional planning in Germany has permanently to deal with new demands and challenges. Against this background, the article analyses the tasks of spatial planning, regarding their future significance for planning practice. As shown, “products” and key issues of planning remain of great importance while there is a need for customised strategies for different types of regions. Furthermore, requirements for planners are given to increase the political and public perception of spatial planning
Zukunftsfähige Raumplanungsausbildung: Das Beispiel der Fakultät Raumplanung der TU Dortmund
Authors: Blotevogel Hans Heinrich , Scholz Tobias
Published: March 2010

This article deals with the adaptation of study courses to the two-cycle bachelor’s and master’s study system in planning education, according to the Bologna process. At first crucial general conditions coming along with the Bologna Reform are introduced. This contains among others the European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) and new requirements concerning the structure and duration of academic programmes. Further basic considerations on planning education are presented. The main focus of the article is on the case study about the courses of planning studies belonging to the Technische Universität Dortmund, School of Spatial Planning.
Ausgewählte strukturelle Informationen zu Raumplanungsstudiengängen an deutschen Hochschulen
Authors: Schöfer Markus
Published: March 2010

The Bologna Process aims to create an European Higher Education Area by 2010. At the moment, study courses in the field of spatial planning are also getting reorganized. This article describes consecutive bachelor and master study courses in spatial planning by means of a variety of attributes, for example the maximal number of credit points and the duration of the study course. The following universities are included in the synoptical comparison: Berlin, Cottbus, Dortmund, Hamburg-Harburg, Kaiserslautern, Kassel und Nürtingen-Geislingen.
Strategische Stadt- und Regionalplanung
Authors: Kühn Manfred
Published: March 2010

The term „strategic planning” is increasingly used in German planning theory but in a very ambiguous way. For ones, the revival of strategic planning offers hopes for a third way between comprehensive and incremental planning. For others strategic planning is actually a fuzzy concept and rather “old wine in new bottles”. The main aim of the paper is to construct a new model of strategic urban and regional planning and to prove this by empirical analysis of approaches and problems in application. Therefore the first part of the paper tries a positioning of strategic planning within theoretical discourses: some definitions from international planning theories are presented, and differences between incremental and comprehensive planning models are pointed out. Part 2 provides a normative model of strategic planning with main elements: how should strategic planning be to fulfil different demands? Part 3 describes contexts, approaches and some experiences of the application of strategic visions and projects in the management of spatial changes of cities and regions in decline. Finally in part 4, the model of strategic urban and regional planning will be reflected in a critical way.
Beseitigung struktureller Defizite mit der Gemeinschaftsaufgabe „Verbesserung der regionalen Wirtschaftsstruktur”
Authors: Titze Mirko
Published: March 2010

The Joint Task of “Improving the regional economic structure” is one of the most important instruments for the “Reconstruction East”. Herein the federal states have an extensive flexibility to define their own kind of industrial policy. Due to their structural deficits this paper is focused on the federal states in East-Germany. A decrease in the budget constrains the governments to improve efficiency of subsidies. However, there is one way to solve this problem: change unselective government aid to regional as well as sectoral government aid. This paper shows that there is no federal state, which has applied this kind of policy forcefully.
Regional science in Germany during the nineties — Are German publication patterns different?
Authors: Royuela Vicente , Suriñach Jordi , Duque Juan Carlos
Published: March 2010

This article compares the German research in regional science in the period 1991–2000 with research that has been carried out internationally and in particular with that developed in continental Europe. We have done this on the basis of the publications in a sample of nine top regional and urban international journals. We found that the publication patterns of German contributions were very similar to international patterns, though there were several interesting peculiarities. Results show that Germany's share in regional and urban research is relatively high, fourth in the world.
Stadt-Umland-Wanderung in Nordrhein-Westfalen — Eine Meta-Analyse
Authors: Bleck Markus , Wagner Michael
Published: March 2010

Although research on city-hinterland-migration has been conducted in North-Rhine-Westphalia for almost four decades, only insufficient comparisons of the findings for different cities and years are available. Using meta-analysis, this paper summarizes and compares the existing studies in terms of year of data collection, research method etc. as well as characteristics of individual cities, such as density and population size. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of city-hinterland-migration and a methodical improvement of future surveys about migration motives.
Rechtliche Absicherung oberflächennaher Rohstoffgewinnung
Authors: Bongartz Michael
Published: March 2010

Policy and practice perspective
Qualifikationsentwicklung der Beschäftigten in Deutschland — eine raumbezogene Analyse
Authors: Fromhold-Eisebith Martina
Published: March 2010

Based on data provided by the German Institute of Labour Market and Employment Research, the article depicts the development of the qualification structure of employees in German regions between 1993 and 2002, illustrated by maps and figures. We analyse spatial patterns of change for different qualification groups, outlining a regional typology, and discuss issues of ageing as well as differentiations according to types of settlement structure; finally, centre-periphery developments in two selected urban agglomerations are addressed (Berlin and Rhein-Ruhr).
Lösungsansatz zum Gewichtungsproblem der Förderindikatoren beim Übergang zu einem gesamtdeutschen Modell
Authors: Schwengler Barbara , Binder Jan
Published: March 2010

All German regions are examined in regular intervals to select eligible regions. The delimitation of assisted areas is based on a general indicator model that contains indicators of the regional income and labour market situation. Up to now the need for assistance in the regions in West and East Germany has been examined with separate models. When changing to a model for all German regions, that combines different indicators, there are several not explainable effects in the ranking of the regions. This article tries to explain these differences in ranking and offers solutions for this problem.
Reurbanisierung?
Authors: Hesse Markus
Published: March 2010

The paper deals with the subject of urban and spatial development from the perspective of discourse analysis. It aims at reconstructing the manifold discoursive ways in which urban decline and regeneration are being interpreted. In so doing, it looks at the current issue of „urban renaissance”, which is considered by some observers as an indication of a substantial trend towards „reurbanization”. The particular statement of the paper is that related assessments are not supported by significant evidence yet. Rather, they appear as an outcome of urban discourses. Such discourses are considered a specific way of constructing the city. In this context, the paper pleas for a more theory led interpretation and cautious assessments of contemporary urban change.
Formelle und informelle Instrumente: Inwieweit können sie sich sinnvoll ergänzen?
Authors: Külzer Stephanie
Published: March 2010

The article deals with the increasingly applied informal instruments used for continuous and preparatory reasons in the formal process. The chronological parallelism of the project approval procedure „Ausbau Flughafen Frankfurt” as the formal part, and the regional dialogue board as the informal part, therefore demonstrate a novelty in the planning procedure.
From the perspective of those involved in the planning process, the analysis of the interaction of both procedures shows that the parallelism offers new chances — particularly in terms of communication and dialogue. Complex procedure contents and process steps of the formal procedure can be explained, discussed and completed during the informal approach.