bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Versatile lysine dendrigrafts and polyethylene glycol hydrogels with inherent biological properties: in vitro cell behavior modulation and in vivo biocompatibility
Authors: Carrancá Mariana , Griveau Louise , Remoué Noëlle , Lorion Chloé , Weiss Pierre , Orea Valérie , Sigaudo‐Roussel Dominique , Faye Clément , Ferri‐Angulo Daniel , Debret Romain , Sohier Jérôme
Published: August 2020

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels have been extensively used as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications, owing to their biocompatibility, chemical versatility, and tunable mechanical properties. However, their bio‐inert properties require them to be associated with additional functional moieties to interact with cells. To circumvent this need, we propose here to reticulate PEG molecules with poly(L‐lysine) dendrigrafts (DGL) to provide intrinsic cell functionalities to PEG‐based hydrogels. The physico‐chemical characteristics of the resulting hydrogels were studied in regard of the concentration of each component. With increasing amounts of DGL, the cross‐linking time and swelling ratio could be decreased, conversely to mechanical properties, which could be tailored from 7.7 ± 0.7 to 90 ± 28.8 kPa. Furthermore, fibroblasts adhesion, viability, and morphology on hydrogels were then assessed. While cell adhesion significantly increased with the concentration of DGL, cell viability was dependant of the ratio of DGL and PEG. Cell morphology and proliferation; however, appeared mainly related to the overall hydrogel rigidity. To allow cell infiltration and cell growth in 3D, the hydrogels were rendered porous. The biocompatibility of resulting hydrogels of different compositions and porosities was evaluated by 3 week subcutaneous implantations in mice. Hydrogels allowed an extensive cellular infiltration with a mild foreign body reaction, histological evidence of hydrogel degradation, and neovascularization.
Temporal variability of seasonal warming rates in China
Authors: Xu Chen , Hou Meiting , Yan Xiaodong , Zhang Xianliang
Published: August 2020

Calculation of the warming rate is the key to addressing the current debate about the existence of a recent hiatus in global warming. Previous studies have calculated the warming rate based on either a long period or selected periods. We calculated the warming rate in the seasonal temperatures obtained from 2,479 weather stations across China. We identified all the trend change years and divided the period 1958–2017 into different sub‐periods based on these years. Our results showed that the warming rate is higher than 0.5°C per decade in numerous stations. The amount of seasonal warming over the past 60 years was highest in winter, followed by spring, then autumn and was lowest in summer. Northern China has shown stronger warming than southern China over the past 60 years. Our results quantified the short‐period rates and identified natural change points which allows a sound comparison across regions. As rapid warming has a strong influence on natural systems and human health, extra care should be taken in regions with a high rate of warming.
Laparoscopic staged colon‐first resection for metastatic colorectal cancer: Perioperative and midterm outcomes from a single‐center experience
Authors: Sebastián‐Tomás Juan Carlos , Domingo‐del Pozo Carlos , Gómez‐Abril Segundo Ángel , Navarro‐Martínez Sergio , Ortiz‐Tarín Inmaculada , Torres‐Sánchez Teresa , Martínez‐Blasco Amparo , Martínez‐Pérez Aleix
Published: August 2020

Introduction

The present study aimed to evaluate the short‐ and mid‐term outcomes of laparoscopic colon‐first staged resection for colorectal cancer (CRC) and colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM).

Methods

This study included patients with metastatic CRC who underwent laparoscopic surgical staged resection for the primary tumor and CRCLM between June 2013 and December 2018. Data collection included the baseline patient's and tumor features, the perioperative and histopathologic outcomes from both surgical procedures, and the oncologic follow‐up.

Results

Twenty‐five patients were eligible for the study. Three major and 22 minor laparoscopic liver resections were performed following laparoscopic CRC surgery. Five patients required conversion to laparotomy during CRCLM resection, but no conversion was needed for the colorectal procedures. The rate of severe intraoperative complications (CLASSIC grade III‐IV) was 8% and 16% during CRC and CRCLM resection, respectively. Three patients (12%) developed major postoperative complications (Clavien‐Dindo grade > III) after both interventions, including one death due to intraoperative bleeding. During a median follow‐up of 30 months, 15 patients were diagnosed with disease recurrence. The 3‐year disease‐free survival and overall survival were 33.3% and 73.9%, respectively.

Conclusions

Laparoscopic staged resection for CRC and CRCLM is safe, feasible, and offers acceptable midterm oncological outcomes in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
RECENT ADVANCES IN INSTRUMENTAL APPROACHES TO TIME‐OF‐FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY
Authors: Brais Christopher J. , Ibañez Jaime Orejas , Schwartz Andrew J. , Ray Steven J.
Published: August 2020

Time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) is one of the simplest and most powerful approaches for mass spectrometry. Realization of the advantages inherent in TOFMS requires innovation in the theory and practice of the technique. Instrumental developments, in turn, create new capabilities that enable applications in chemical measurement. This review focuses on the recent advances in TOFMS instrumentation. New strategies for ion acceleration, multiplexed detection, miniaturized TOFMS instruments, approaches to extend the length of ion flight, and novel ion detection technologies are reviewed. Techniques that change the basic paradigm of TOFMS by measuring m/z based on ion flight distance are considered, as are applications at the frontiers of instrumental performance. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev
A high‐order B‐spline collocation scheme for solving a nonhomogeneous time‐fractional diffusion equation
Authors: Roul Pradip , Goura VMK Prasad
Published: August 2020

A high‐accuracy numerical approach for a nonhomogeneous time‐fractional diffusion equation with Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions is described in this paper. The time‐fractional derivative is described in the sense of Riemann‐Liouville and discretized by the backward Euler scheme. A fourth‐order optimal cubic B‐spline collocation (OCBSC) method is used to discretize the space variable. The stability analysis with respect to time discretization is carried out, and it is shown that the method is unconditionally stable. Convergence analysis of the method is performed. Two numerical examples are considered to demonstrate the performance of the method and validate the theoretical results. It is shown that the proposed method is of order O(Δx4 + Δt2 − α) convergence, where α ∈ (0,1). Moreover, the impact of fractional‐order derivative on the solution profile is investigated. Numerical results obtained by the present method are compared with those obtained by the method based on standard cubic B‐spline collocation method. The CPU time for present numerical method and the method based on cubic B‐spline collocation method are provided.
An extension of the Cayley transform method for a parameterized generalized inverse eigenvalue problem
Authors: Dalvand Zeynab , Hajarian Masoud , Roman Jose E.
Published: August 2020

Since recent studies have shown that the Cayley transform method can be an effective iterative method for solving the inverse eigenvalue problem, in this work, we consider using an extension of it for solving a type of parameterized generalized inverse eigenvalue problem and prove its locally quadratic convergence. This type of inverse eigenvalue problem, which includes multiplicative and additive inverse eigenvalue problems, appears in many applications. Also, we consider the case where the given eigenvalues are multiple. In this case, we describe a modified problem that is not overdetermined and discuss the extension of the Cayley transform method for this modified problem. Finally, to demonstrate the effectiveness of these algorithms, we present some numerical examples to show that the proposed methods are practical and efficient.
Using a participatory impact assessment framework to evaluate a community‐led mangrove and fisheries conservation approach in West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Miller Adam E. , Davenport Andrew , Chen Stephanie , Hart Caroline , Gary Demi , Fitzpatrick Ben , Muflihati  , Kartikawati  , Sudaryanti  , Sagita Novia
Published: August 2020

Community‐based conservation has been identified as a solution to biodiversity loss, climate change and the reduction of rural poverty. The heterogeneity in social and economic inequalities often acts as a barrier to community engagement in resource management and further inhibits the distributional equity of social and ecological outcomes.

This study presents a participatory impact assessment (PIA) framework that evaluated the outcomes of a cross‐sector community‐led conservation initiative. Community members involved in the programme identified activities and outcomes for the conservation cooperative (CC), ranking the influence of the former on the latter as well as their daily life through multiple focus group discussions (FGDs). Participants were asked to rank the impact of activities on outcomes and the scale of the outcome which was totalled to identify the most impactful programme activities and outcomes during the project period.

Community members reported improved income, health, education and the creation of a locally led natural resource management system. Members also reported improved crab harvest rates and reduced mangrove deforestation. Environmental outcomes identified by community members through the PIA were verified through a secondary spatial analysis and mud crab independent fisheries monitoring.

The results support the hypothesis that environmental non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) need to consider a multi‐dimensional view of human well‐being, and that cross‐sector integrated interventions may be effective at improving multiple outcomes.

Future steps should focus on spatial replication of the CC programme which will provide further insights by testing for differences in outcomes between villages, how those are impacted by pre‐existing social and ecological systems and comparing outcomes between control sites that did not receive interventions.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Construction of an efficient ternary flame retardant system for rigid polyurethane foam based on bi‐phase flame retardant effect
Authors: Chen Yajun , Li Linshan , Wu Xingde
Published: August 2020

The flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane foams (RPUF) were prepared by using modified ammonium polyphosphate (MAPP) combined with expandable graphite (EG) and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP). The thermal stability, flame retardant property, and mechanical property of flame‐retardant RPUF were evaluated based on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, cone calorimetry tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and compressive strength tests. The results showed that an efficient ternary flame retardant system, DMMP/EG/MAPP, for rigid polyurethane foam was constructed. When the ratio of DMMP/EG/MAPP was 4/12/4, the cell size of RPUF composite was the most homogeneous, and the LOI value of RPUF composite reached 31.9%. The peak heat release and total smoke release value decreased to 97 kW/m2 and 347 m2/m2, respectively. The RPUF composites with 4%DMMP/12%EG/4%MAPP exhibited the best flame retardant property because DMMP/EG/MAPP played great free radical quenching effect in the gas phase by releasing the PO· and PO2· free radicals during the whole combustion process. Meanwhile, the compact char layer with “connected worm‐like” structure exerted barrier effect in the condensed phase.
The association between physicians’ exercise counseling and physical activity in patients with cancer: Which roles do patients’ satisfaction and previous physical activity levels play?
Authors: Depenbusch Johanna , Haussmann Alexander , Tsiouris Angeliki , Schmidt Laura , Wiskemann Joachim , Ungar Nadine , Sieverding Monika , Steindorf Karen
Published: August 2020

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between physicians’ exercise counseling and post‐diagnosis physical activity (PA) in patients with cancer by investigating the mediating role of patients’ satisfaction with exercise counseling as well as the moderating role of patients’ previous PA.

Methods

The study sample consisted of 1002 people with cancer (503 breast, 265 prostate, and 234 colorectal cancer). Participants reported their pre‐ and post‐diagnosis moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA) levels, indicated whether their physician had covered different steps of exercise counseling as defined by the 5A framework (Assess, Advise, Agree, Assist, and Arrange) and rated their satisfaction with exercise counseling. A conditional process analysis was used to determine the direct and indirect effects of counseling on post‐diagnosis MVPA through satisfaction at different levels of pre‐diagnosis MVPA.

Results

Physicians’ exercise counseling was associated with post‐diagnosis MVPA in patients with cancer. However, the association differed by patients’ pre‐diagnosis MVPA (P = .039). While counseling was directly associated with higher post‐diagnosis MVPA for individuals with low pre‐diagnosis MVPA (CI: 0.02‐0.20, P = .014), the effect was mediated through satisfaction with exercise counseling for previously highly active individuals (Boot CI: 0.01‐0.08).

Conclusions

Our findings emphasize the relevance of physicians’ exercise counseling for PA in patients with cancer. However, the results indicate that in order to effectively influence patients’ PA, it appears important to provide a comprehensive counseling that is adjusted to the patients’ exercise experiences.
Predictors of long‐term anxiety and depression in uveal melanoma survivors: A cross‐lagged five‐year analysis
Authors: Brown Stephen L. , Fisher Peter L. , Hope‐Stone Laura , Hussain Rumana N. , Heimann Heinrich , Damato Bertil , Cherry M. Gemma
Published: August 2020

Objective

Cancer survivors commonly experience long‐term anxiety and depression. Anxiety and depression might result from problems emerging during survivorship rather than illness and treatment. This study tested three potential causal paths: (a) concerns about physical symptoms and functional problems and fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) arising during survivorshipdirectlycause anxiety and depression, (b) anindirectpath whereby FCR mediates effects of concerns about physical symptoms and functional problems on anxiety and depression, and (c) areciprocalpath whereby anxiety and depression cause concerns about physical symptoms and functional problems and FCR, which exacerbate later anxiety and depression.

Methods

Sample of 453 uveal melanoma survivors who completed observations 6‐, 12‐, 24‐, 36‐, 48‐ and 60‐months post‐diagnosis and did not miss two consecutive observations. Cross‐lagged analyses were conducted to predict Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale subscale scores. Symptoms and functional problems were measured using the EORTC OPT 30 scale, and FCR operationalised by the EORTC OPT 30 worry about recurrence scale. Covariates were age, gender, treatment modality, and visual acuity of the fellow eye and chromosome‐3 status (which accurately predicts 10‐year survival), worry and anxiety or depression.

Results

All paths received some support, although the indirect path emerged only for anxiety in females. Concerns about physical symptoms, functional problems, and FCR originated in survivorship and appeared to both influence and be influenced by anxiety and depression.

Conclusions

Findings emphasise the importance of actively monitoring survivors to prevent, detect, and intervene in the development of anxiety and depression during survivorship.
Disability is associated with catastrophizing and not with pain intensity in patients with low back pain: A retrospective study
Authors: Pierobon Andrés , Raguzzi Ignacio , Soliño Santiago , Salzberg Sandra , Pierobon Gabriel , Vuoto Tomás , Vera Amor Juan Sebastián , Snaider Camila , Castro Lucia
Published: August 2020

Objective

Low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of years lived with disability at a global scale. The development and chronicity of LBP are influenced by multiple factors, and among them is catastrophizing. We are unaware of the impact that catastrophizing may have on pain and disability in our population. We also lack the tools that allow us to determine in which cases catastrophizing should be assessed. The primary objective is to compare the disability and pain intensity values at baseline in low back pain patients with high and low catastrophizing. The secondary objectives are to analyse the correlation between variables and determine disability variance, and develop a prediction model to identify patients with high catastrophizing.

Method

This is a retrospective study. We included the baseline data of patients with LBP. A PCS score ≥ 23 was classified as “high catastrophizing.”

Results

A total 121 medical sheets were analysed. Patients with high catastrophizing showed greater disability, with no differences in pain intensity. The PCS value explained 20% of the variance of disability, and pain was 1%. A cut‐off point of 11 in the RMQ allowed us to identify patients with high and low catastrophizing, with an accuracy of 76.67%.

Conclusion

LBP patients with high catastrophizing reported greater disability than those with low catastrophizing, with no differences as to pain intensity. The PCS was the most relevant variable to explain variability in the RMQ. The RMQ allowed us to identify patients with high and low catastrophizing.
A Bayesian basket trial design accounting for uncertainties of homogeneity and heterogeneity of treatment effect among subpopulations
Authors: Asano Junichi , Hirakawa Akihiro
Published: August 2020

Basket trials are a recent and innovative approach in oncological clinical trial design. A basket trial is a type of clinical trial for which eligibility is based on the presence of a specific genomic alteration, irrespective of cancer type. Additionally, basket trials are often used to evaluate the response rate of an investigational therapy across several types of cancer. Recently developed statistical methods for evaluating the response rate in basket trials can be generally categorized into two groups: (a) those that account for the degrees of homogeneity/heterogeneity of response rates among subpopulations, and (b) those using borrowed response rate information across subpopulations to improve the statistical efficiency using Bayesian hierarchical models. In this study, we developed a new basket trial design that accounts for the uncertainties of homogeneity and heterogeneity of response rates among subpopulations using the Bayesian model averaging approach. We demonstrated the utility of the proposed method by comparing our approach against other methods for the two methodological groups using simulated and actual data. On an average, the proposed methods offered an intermediate performance between the BHM‐weak and BHM‐strong methods. The proposed method would be useful for “signal‐finding” basket trials without prior information on the treatment effect of an investigational drug, in part because the proposed method does not require specifications regarding prior distributions of homogeneity response rates among subpopulations.
Space–time surveillance of count data subject to linear trends
Authors: Vanli O. Arda , Alawad Nour
Published: August 2020

This paper proposes a new space–time cumulative sum (CUSUM) approach for detecting changes in spatially distributed Poisson count data subject to linear drifts. We develop expressions for the likelihood ratio test monitoring statistics and the change point estimators. The effectiveness of the proposed monitoring approach in detecting and identifying trend‐type shifts is studied by simulation under various shift scenarios in regional counts. It is shown that designing the space–time monitoring approach specifically for linear trends can enhance the change point estimation accuracy significantly. A case study for male thyroid cancer outbreak detection is presented to illustrate the application of the proposed methodology in public health surveillance.
Economizing and strategizing: How coalitions and transaction costs shape value creation and appropriation
Authors: Asmussen Christian G. , Foss Kirsten , Foss Nicolai J. , Klein Peter G.
Published: August 2020

Research summary

Research has examined how “economizing” and “strategizing” mechanisms interact in driving competitive outcomes, but the role of coalitions in this process has received little attention. Coalitions are formed to create more value (i.e., economizing) and to strengthen competitive positions (i.e., strategizing). Based on a formal coalitional model, we derive several unintuitive results. We show that economizing actions may backfire because creating more value may lead other players to strategize more aggressively, offsetting the additional value creation. Moreover, creating countervailing power—that is, building a coalition against players with significant power such as monopolists—not only allows the coalition to appropriate more value, but may also benefit the powerful trading partner by reducing competition among the coalition members. Coalition‐formation can hurt coalitions members by reducing economizing investments.

Managerial summary

Managers typically seek competitive advantage either by improving efficiency (by having unique resources, lowering costs, or improving managerial practices) or by trying to obtain stronger bargaining positions against their buyers or suppliers. We show that these two approaches interact in surprising ways. For example, efficiency improvements create more opportunity for profit, but also give trading partners stronger incentives to bargain for a share of that profit. At the same time, small buyers or sellers can band together into clubs or cooperatives to get better deals from a powerful trading partner, thereby restraining competition among themselves. However, large firms can try to prevent such coalitions from forming by pursuing vertical integration of potential coalition members. We explore a variety of bargaining situations and show that the ability to encourage or thwart coalition formation is an important managerial tool.
R2D2: A scalable deep learning toolkit for medical imaging segmentation
Authors: Guedria Soulaimane , De Palma Noël , Renard Félix , Vuillerme Nicolas
Published: August 2020

Deep learning has gained a significant popularity in recent years thanks to its tremendous success across a wide range of relevant fields of applications, including medical image analysis domain in particular. Although convolutional neural networks (CNNs) based medical applications have been providing powerful solutions and revolutionizing medicine, efficiently training of CNNs models is a tedious and challenging task. It is a computationally intensive process taking long time and rare system resources, which represents a significant hindrance to scientific research progress. In order to address this challenge, we propose in this article, R2D2, a scalable intuitive deep learning toolkit for medical imaging semantic segmentation. To the best of our knowledge, the present work is the first that aims to tackle this issue by offering a novel distributed versions of two well‐known and widely used CNN segmentation architectures [ie, fully convolutional network (FCN) and U‐Net]. We introduce the design and the core building blocks of R2D2. We further present and analyze its experimental evaluation results on two different concrete medical imaging segmentation use cases. R2D2 achieves up to 17.5× and 10.4× speedup than single‐node based training of U‐Net and FCN, respectively, with a negligible, though still unexpected segmentation accuracy loss. R2D2 offers not only an empirical evidence and investigates in‐depth the latest published works but also it facilitates and significantly reduces the effort required by researchers to quickly prototype and easily discover cutting‐edge CNN configurations and architectures.
History of Crowdfunding in the Context of Ever-Changing Modern Financial Markets
Authors: Kallio Aki , Vuola Lasse
Published: August 2020

The history of financial markets and finance are united by continuous fluctuations between economic cycles usually caused by structures that enable opportunism and moral hazards. Every crisis contains the seeds of change and innovation, but also risks for regulative overreactions. Crowdfunding as a form of financing is part of this series of innovations in the history of the financial markets. Understanding of the historical changes of both the financial market and the financial system as a whole helps to put new financial innovations, such as crowdfunding and, more broadly, fintech into perspective. The evolution of financial markets or corporate finance naturally will not end in crowdfunding. This chapter gives an overview of history of crowdfunding as part of the ever-changing modern financial markets and contextualizes it as a new, innovative, and modern form of financing in the financial markets.
Crowdfunding in the Cultural Industries
Authors: Rykkja Anders , Maehle Natalia , Munim Ziaul Haque , Shneor Rotem
Published: August 2020

Cultural production has stood at the forefront of crowdfunding adoption representing some of the first crowdfunding campaigns on record. This development emerged as part of comprehensive value chain reconfigurations in the cultural sector, which were triggered by the advent of digitalization on the one hand and the downsizing in public funds on the other. As a result, the emerging phenomenon here labelled as ‘cultural crowdfunding’ (CCF) has captured the imagination of researchers and practitioners. The study of CCF is of high relevance, as it presses creators to strike a balance between the commercial and the non-commercial, the economic and the cultural outcomes, as well as the authentic and independent versus the mass dictated and dependent. In this chapter we review earlier research on CCF and identify core themes and key studies representing such themes. Later, we outline an agenda for future research, while also suggesting some implications for practice.
The Global Status of the Crowdfunding Industry
Authors: Ziegler Tania , Shneor Rotem , Zhang Bryan Zheng
Published: August 2020

The chapter presents key international trends relating to crowdfunding market development, and also provides insights into the current research available attempting to explain such developments. Facts and figures from leading national and regional markets are presented in a comparative manner, with specific focus on the diversity of crowdfunding models, growth trajectories, and geographical variations. The chapter shows that crowdfunding is no longer a fringe activity but gradually moving mainstream with substantial volumes recorded nationally, regionally, and globally. Furthermore, we illustrate the dominance of crowd-lending models across regions, as well as their sub-model variations within regions. Overall, we demonstrate that the level of economic development, the appropriateness of regulation, as well as the advancement of IT infrastructure are all key determinants for the development of crowdfunding markets. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of some implications for research and practice.
Donation Crowdfunding: Principles and Donor Behaviour
Authors: Zhao Liang , Shneor Rotem
Published: August 2020

Donation crowdfunding is a form of internet-enabled fundraising where backers provide funding based on philanthropic motivations without expectation of monetary or material rewards. Despite accounting for only a marginal share of global crowdfunding volumes, donation crowdfunding is a unique model for supporting a wide range of prosocial and charitable causes, while allowing fundraisers to leverage benefits afforded by ICT solutions for more effective and efficient fundraising. The chapter provides an overview of the limited research on donation crowdfunding while highlighting donor motivations and behaviour, as well as drivers of success in donation campaigns. We find that current research suggests that donation behaviour is driven by impure altruism closely linked to intrinsic motivations such as satisfaction, joy, and a sense of belonging. Furthermore, several success drivers of donation crowdfunding campaigns have been identified with respect to factors at the fundraiser, campaign, and platform levels.
Einleitung
Authors: Mersch André
Published: August 2020

2010, Köln, Treffen der ILIAS-Arbeitsgruppe E-Assessment: Viele richtungsweisende Ideen zur Weiterentwicklung der Test- und Assessment-Funktionalitäten des Lernmanagementsystems (LMS) ILIAS (Integriertes Lern-, Informations- und Arbeitsorganisationssystem) liegen auf dem Tisch. Seit seiner Entwicklung 1998 wurde ILIAS darauf ausgerichtet, nicht nur die Distribution von Materialien und die Organisation von Lernprozessen zu ermöglichen, sondern auch die Interaktion Lernender mit dem System und die Kollaboration mithilfe der Software zu unterstützen.
Formatives E-Assessment und Diagnostik
Authors: Derr Katja
Published: August 2020

Der Einsatz von Übungsaufgaben und Tests zur Strukturierung des Lernprozesses, zur Aktivierung von Lernenden oder zur Anregung von Reflexion wird unter dem Begriff Formatives Assessment zusammengefasst, in Abgrenzung zum summativen Assessment, das Eingang in eine Gesamtbewertung oder Note findet (siehe auch Kapitel 11). Formative Tests sind auch geeignet, einen Eindruck über den aktuellen Lernstand einer Gruppe oder eines Individuums zu vermitteln und somit dem summativen Assessment vorgeschaltet. Formatives Assessment umfasst also „alle Formen von Leistungsbeurteilung, die Informationen über die Diskrepanz zwischen Lernzielen und aktuellem Lernstand liefern und dadurch den Lehrenden und/oder den Lernenden selbst helfen, den weiteren Lernprozess zu gestalten“ (Klieme et al. 2010, S. 64 f). Der Abgleich der eigenen Kenntnisse mit dem erwarteten Wissensstand sollte möglichst häufig erfolgen, damit sich Missverständnisse und Fehlinterpretationen nicht verfestigen.
Inverted Precourses: Mathematikvorkurse an der Technischen Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe
Authors: Stemmer Janina
Published: August 2020

Die Technische Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe (TH OWL) bietet zum Start jedes Wintersemesters für zukünftige Studierende, die Wissenslücken in Englisch und naturwissenschaftlichen Fächern schließen möchten, betreute Präsenz- und Onlinekurse an. Diese Vorkurse bereiten gezielt auf die Anforderungen der Studiengänge vor. Sie helfen dabei, den eigenen Kenntnisstand zu ermitteln und bestehende Defizite auszugleichen.
Üben als reflexive Praxis und Übeangebote im Rahmen von optes
Authors: Reinmann Gabi , Schmidt Christian , Marquardt Victoria , Paul Daria
Published: August 2020

An vielen Hochschulen werden mathematische Brückenkurse angeboten, um Studierenden den Übergang von der Schule zur Hochschule zu erleichtern. Sie sollen in diesen Angeboten in der Regel Defizite identifizieren und ausgleichen sowie mathematische Inhalte auffrischen und festigen. Während dieses Ziel flächendeckend zu gelten scheint, ist die didaktische Konzeption der Brückenkurse durchaus unterschiedlich.
Selbstreflexion mit Hilfe von E-Portfolios
Authors: Samoila Oliver
Published: August 2020

Selbstlernmaterialien, Übungsmöglichkeiten, formative Assessments und Unterstützung in diesen Lern- und Arbeitsphasen sind Bausteine, die sich für gewöhnlich in Online- aber auch Präsenzbrückenkursen oder -vorkursen finden – wenn auch der Fokus sich von Angebot zu Angebot unterscheiden mag. Studierfähigkeit zu Studienbeginn ist in Zeiten von und nach dem Bologna-Prozess das Credo von selbstbestimmtem, selbstorganisiertem und vor allem kompetenzorientiertem Lernen. Doch wie lässt sich dies in Zeiten von stetig wachsenden Blended- und Distance-Learning-Szenarien verzahnen?
Looking Back and Moving Forward
Authors: MacCallum Judith
Published: August 2020

This chapter brings together the research on teacher resilience and approaches to supporting resilience and wellbeing discussed in this volume. As many of the approaches utilised aspects of the BRiTE and Staying BRiTE projects, I highlight common themes as well as the different ways the authors developed and implemented their work to reflect their specific contexts and participants. I also reflect on broader issues related to conceptualisation of resilience, consider where responsibility for resilience lies, and explore future directions. The chapter also provides some insights regarding the collegial collaboration that has made the body of work possible.
Thinking Dispositions for Teaching: Enabling and Supporting Resilience in Context
Authors: McDonough Sharon , McGraw Amanda
Published: August 2020

Preparing pre-teachers for an increasingly challenging teaching profession is a complex work and requires teacher educators to engage in the careful design of both programmes and professional learning opportunities. This chapter explores how an explicit focus on thinking dispositions that enable effective teaching are developed in a Master of Teaching (Secondary) programme. This programme, delivered on-site at a secondary school, included carefully constructed teaching opportunities to support development of thinking dispositions. Ways of thinking and the impact they have on feelings, actions and beliefs will be examined along with how the implementation of our thinking dispositions framework supports the development of resilience in challenging teaching and learning contexts.
Building Resilience: Using BRiTE with Beginning Teachers in the United States
Authors: Sikma Lynn
Published: August 2020

The most recent data available on beginning teacher attrition in the United States estimates that 17.3% of teachers leave the profession within their first five years teaching. Most efforts to improve this focus on implementing mentoring and induction programs. However, improving beginning teachers’ resilience may be an additional strategy, as it develops individual protective factors independent of working conditions. This chapter describes a series of professional development workshops, rooted in the BRiTE modules, presented to two groups of beginning teachers in the southeastern United States during the 2017–2018 school year. All teacher participants were K-12 teachers in their first three years teaching, most teaching in a rural setting. Strategies that have been successfully implemented will be shared along with participant feedback that demonstrates value of the modules for supporting beginning teachers.
Professional Assessment and Development Induction Program: An Application of the BRiTE Project to the Spanish Context
Authors: Gratacós Gloria , Giménez Montse , Mena Juanjo , Ciesielkiewicz Monika
Published: August 2020

Research has highlighted the importance of the first years of teaching as they have a great impact on teachers’ career longevity. Therefore, inspired by the BRITE project, we developed the Professional Assessment and Development (PAD) Induction Program with the objective of helping novice teachers develop resilience strategies for successfully navigating the difficult situations they may face in their first years of teaching. The PAD Induction Program also offers training for mentors in schools to assist them to guide and support new teachers. The program consisted of online content and activities aimed at encouraging novice teachers to reflect on their current situation and possibilities for improvement. There were also face-to-face seminars, distributed throughout the program, as well as specific seminars where novice teachers and mentors worked together. A total of 112 participants participated in the PAD program. To assess novice teachers’ resilience and commitment to teaching, participants were invited to complete the Multidimensional Teacher Resilience Scale (MTRS) and the Teacher Commitment Scale. Results showed that the PAD program had helped them in their integration, confidence, and stress control through the development of teacher resilience dimensions.
A systematic approach to Kähler moduli stabilisation
Authors: AbdusSalam S. , Abel S. , Cicoli M. , Quevedo F. , Shukla P.
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Achieving full moduli stabilisation in type IIB string compactifications for generic Calabi-Yau threefolds with hundreds of Kähler moduli is notoriously hard. This is due not just to the very fast increase of the computational complexity with the number of moduli, but also to the fact that the scalar potential depends in general on the supergravity variables only implicitly. In fact, the supergravity chiral coordinates are 4- cycle volume moduli but the Kähler potential is an explicit function of the 2-cycle moduli and inverting between these two variables is in general impossible. In this paper we pro- pose a general method to fix all type IIB Kähler moduli in a systematic way by working directly in terms of 2-cycle moduli: on one side we present a ‘master formula’ for the scalar potential which can depend on an arbitrary number of Kähler moduli, while on the other we perform a computer-based search for critical points, introducing a hybrid Genetic/Clustering/Amoeba algorithm and other computational techniques. This allows us to reproduce several known minima, but also to discover new examples of both KKLT and LVS models, together with novel classes of LVS minima without diagonal del Pezzo divisors and hybrid vacua which share some features with KKLT and other with LVS solutions.
Entlassmanagement in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie
Authors: Boege I. , Williams B. , Schulze U. , Fegert J. M.
Published: August 2020

Hintergrund und Fragestellung

Schnittstellen zwischen stationärer Behandlung psychisch erkrankter Kinder und Jugendlicher in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Jugendhilfe, Schulen, Arbeitsamt und Justiz sind nachweislich Sollbruchstellen für eine gelingende Schnittstellenkoordination im Sinne eines Entlassmanagements. Kriterien für ein Entlassmanagement in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie existieren nicht. Ziel der Studie ASpeKT (Aussagen zu Schnittstellenkoordination bei psychisch erkrankten Kindern und Teens) war es, den Iststand von Schnittstellenmanagement anhand von Aussagen von Eltern zu erheben und Empfehlungen für ein Entlassmanagement abzuleiten.

Methoden

Zu zwei Zeitpunkten (T3 = 6 Monate, T4 = 12 Monate nach Entlassung) wurden Eltern (T3: n = 124, T4: n = 81) zu den erfolgten Hilfen und deren Koordination befragt.

Ergebnisse

Eltern benennen, dass erreichbare poststationäre Hilfen für eine Stabilität nach stationärer Behandlung essenziell sind und einer guten Koordination bedürfen. Für eine gelingende Schnittstellenkoordination werden aus Sicht der Eltern benannt: vorhandene Case-Manager, frühzeitige Runde Tische, eine gute Übergabe an schulische Strukturen, nahtlose Anschlusstermine zur ambulanten Weiterbehandlung sowie Information zu Anlaufstellen und Behandlungsmöglichkeiten.

Schlussfolgerung

Proaktive frühzeitige individuelle Koordination von Hilfen durch einen konstanten Ansprechpartner ist aus Sicht der betroffenen Familien für ein gutes Entlassmanagement essenziell.
Exploring the fabrication limits of thin-wall structures in a laser powder bed fusion process
Authors: Wu Ziheng , Narra Sneha Prabha , Rollett Anthony
Published: August 2020

Although additive manufacturing (AM) is becoming increasingly popular for various applications, few studies have addressed design and potential problems in thin wall fabrication for the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. In the LPBF process, rapid cooling induces thermal shrinkage, which in turn, results in high residual stress and complicates thin wall fabrication. The minimum wall thickness is limited by the parameters and machine settings while the dimensional accuracy is controlled by the powder size, scan strategy, and part geometry. The ability to fabricate thin-wall components is important for applications such as heat exchangers (HX). This study explores the performance of the LPBF process by fabricating thin walls with extreme geometries in different processing conditions and alloys using an EOS M290 LPBF machine. Results show that the material, part design, and scanning strategy contribute to the variation in thin wall dimensions. A maximum inclination angle of 60° and a minimum wall thickness of ~ 100 μm in Ti-6Al-4V, Inconel 718, and AlSi10Mg were achieved using optimized part design and processing conditions. The effects of part design and material on the thermal distortion and surface finish of thin walls were also investigated leading to a discussion on how the scan mode assigned by the EOS software affects design and fabrication. Additionally, synchrotron-based X-ray micro-tomography (μSXCT) was utilized to quantify the porosity in thin-wall structures and to correlate it with the integrity of the structures. Comprehensive design guidelines presented in this work can increase the success rate of fabricating thin-wall geometries.
Vertical differentiation and trade among symmetric countries
Authors: Picard P. M. , Tampieri A.
Published: August 2020

We study a trade model with vertical product differentiation with many goods that are heterogeneous in cost and quality and produced in two quality versions. We discuss the composition of high- and low-quality goods in the workers’ consumption baskets in countries between comparable countries. We show that a larger country population fosters its specialization in high-quality production while a higher country productivity leads to specialization in high quality production for all countries. Smaller trade costs foster specialization in high quality exports. We then discuss the effect of population heterogeneity on the consumption baskets and country specialization. Most of those results agree with existing empirical findings.
The squeezing function on doubly-connected domains via the Loewner differential equation
Authors: Ng Tuen Wai , Tang Chiu Chak , Tsai Jonathan
Published: August 2020

For any bounded domains$$\varOmega $$Ωin$${\mathbb {C}}^{n}$$Cn, Deng, Guan and Zhang introduced the squeezing function$$S_\varOmega (z)$$SΩ(z)which is a biholomorphic invariant of bounded domains. We show that for$$n=1$$n=1, the squeezing function on an annulus$$A_r = \lbrace z \in {\mathbb {C}} : r<|z| <1 \rbrace $$Ar={z∈C:r<|z|<1}is given by$$S_{A_r}(z)= \max \left\{ |z| ,\frac{r}{|z|} \right\} $$SAr(z)=max|z|,r|z|for all$$0<r<1$$0<r<1. This disproves the conjectured formula for the squeezing function proposed by Deng, Guan and Zhang and establishes (up to biholomorphisms) the squeezing function for all doubly-connected domains in$${\mathbb {C}}$$Cother than the punctured plane. It provides the first non-trivial formula for the squeezing function for a wide class of plane domains and answers a question of Wold. Our main tools used to prove this result are the Schottky–Klein prime function (following the work of Crowdy) and a version of the Loewner differential equation on annuli due to Komatu. We also show that these results can be used to obtain lower bounds on the squeezing function for certain product domains in$${\mathbb {C}}^{n}$$Cn.
Diagnostic value of diffusion-weighted imaging with synthetic b-values in breast tumors: comparison with dynamic contrast-enhanced and multiparametric MRI
Authors: Daimiel Naranjo Isaac , Lo Gullo Roberto , Saccarelli Carolina , Thakur Sunitha B. , Bitencourt Almir , Morris Elizabeth A. , Jochelson Maxine S. , Sevilimedu Varadan , Martinez Danny F. , Pinker-Domenig Katja
Published: August 2020

Objectives

To assess DWI for tumor visibility and breast cancer detection by the addition of different synthetic b-values.

Methods

Eighty-four consecutive women who underwent a breast-multiparametric-MRI (mpMRI) with enhancing lesions on DCE-MRI (BI-RADS 2–5) were included in this IRB-approved retrospective study from September 2018 to March 2019. Three readers evaluated DW acquired b-800 and synthetic b-1000, b-1200, b-1500, and b-1800 s/mm2images for lesion visibility and preferred b-value based on lesion conspicuity. Image quality (1–3 scores) and breast composition (BI-RADS) were also recorded. Diagnostic parameters for DWI were determined using a 1–5 malignancy score based on qualitative imaging parameters (acquired + preferred synthetic b-values) and ADC values. BI-RADS classification was used for DCE-MRI and quantitative ADC values + BI-RADS were used for mpMRI.

Results

Sixty-four malignant (average = 23 mm) and 39 benign (average = 8 mm) lesions were found in 80 women. Although b-800 achieved the best image quality score, synthetic b-values 1200–1500 s/mm2were preferred for lesion conspicuity, especially in dense breast. b-800 and synthetic b-1000/b-1200 s/mm2values allowed the visualization of 84–90% of cancers visible with DCE-MRI performing better than b-1500/b-1800 s/mm2. DWI was more specific (86.3% vs 65.7%,p< 0.001) but less sensitive (62.8% vs 90%,p< 0.001) and accurate (71% vs 80.7%,p= 0.003) than DCE-MRI for breast cancer detection, where mpMRI was the most accurate modality accounting for less false positive cases.

Conclusion

The addition of synthetic b-values enhances tumor conspicuity and could potentially improve tumor visualization particularly in dense breast. However, its supportive role for DWI breast cancer detection is still not definite.

Key Points

•The addition of synthetic b-values (1200–1500 s/mm2) to acquired DWI afforded a better lesion conspicuity without increasing acquisition time and was particularly useful in dense breasts.

•Despite the use of synthetic b-values, DWI was less sensitive and accurate than DCE-MRI for breast cancer detection.

•A multiparametric MRI modality still remains the best approach having the highest accuracy for breast cancer detection and thus reducing the number of unnecessary biopsies.
High-intensity decreasing interval training (HIDIT) increases time above 90% $$\dot{V}$$O2peak
Authors: Vaccari Filippo , Giovanelli N. , Lazzer S.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Training near$$\dot{V}$$V˙O2max is considered to be the most effective way to enhance$$\dot{V}$$V˙O2max. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a well-known time-efficient training method for improving cardiorespiratory and metabolic function and$$\dot{V}$$V˙O2max. While long HIIT bouts allow$$\dot{V}$$V˙O2max to be achieved quickly, short HIIT bouts improve time to exhaustion (Tlim). The aim of this study was to evaluate the time spent above 90%$$\dot{V}$$V˙O2peak (T > 90%$$\dot{V}$$V˙O2peak) during three different HIIT protocols.

Methods

Twelve cyclists performed three HIIT sessions. Each protocol had the same work and recovery power and ratio of work·recovery−1. The protocols consisted of long-interval HIIT (LIHIIT, 3 min work—2 min recovery), short-interval HIIT (SIHIIT, 30 s work—20 s recovery), and high-intensity decreasing interval training (HIDIT, work from 3 min to 30 s and recovery from 2 min to 20 s).T > 90%$$\dot{V}$$V˙O2peak, Tlim, blood lactate [La], and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured at Tlim.

Results

T > 90%$$\dot{V}$$V˙O2peak was greater in HIDIT (312 ± 207 s) than in SIHIIT(182 ± 225 s;P = 0.036) or LIHIIT(179 ± 145 s;P = 0.027). Tlim was not significantly different (P > 0.05) between HIDIT (798 ± 185 s), SIHIIT(714 ± 265 s), and LIHIIT(664 ± 282). At Tlim, no differences in [La] and RPE were found between protocols (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

HIDIT showed the highestT > 90%$$\dot{V}$$V˙O2peak, suggesting that it may be a good strategy to increase time close to$$\dot{V}$$V˙O2peak, despite similar Tlim, [La], and RPE at Tlim.