bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exercise Stress Testing Enhances Plasma Protein Carbonyl Levels in Patients With Asymptomatic Moderate‐to‐Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Kopytek Magdalena , Kolasa-Trela Renata , Malinowski Krzysztof Piotr , Ząbczyk Michał , Natorska Joanna , Undas Anetta
Published: December 2024

Background: Exercise stress test‐induced hypofibrinolysis and changes in circulating levels of several interleukins have been observed in aortic stenosis (AS). However, it is unknown whether the pattern of exercise‐induced changes in oxidative stress differs between AS patients and controls and if the differences are associated with changes in fibrinolysis and inflammation.

Methods: We studied 32 asymptomatic patients with moderate‐to‐severe AS and 32 controls of similar age, sex, and body mass index. We assessed plasma protein carbonyl (PC) concentrations, a marker of oxidative stress, in relation to interleukin (IL)‐10 and ‐6 levels and fibrinolysis capacity, expressed as plasma clot lysis time (CLT) at four time points: at baseline, at peak exercise, 1 and 24 h after a symptom‐limited exercise test.

Results: AS patients had 12.8% and 27% higher PC concentrations 1 and 24 h after exercise than controls (both p  < 0.05), with no differences at baseline and peak exercise. In AS patients, PC concentration was 8.3% higher at peak exercise compared to baseline followed by further PC increase (+12.8% at 1 h and +20.5% at 24 h) compared to peak exercise (all p  < 0.05). In controls, PC concentrations increased during exercise, reaching the highest values 1 h after exercise (+21.9%). In the AS group, PC concentrations at baseline correlated with AS severity measured as peak transvalvular velocity (Vmax: r = 0.49, p  < 0.05), mean (PGmean: r = 0.42, p  < 0.05), and maximal transvalvular pressure gradients (PGmax: r = 0.41, p  < 0.05). PC concentrations correlated with IL‐10 levels 1 h (r = 0.37, p  < 0.05) and 24 h (r = 0.38, p  < 0.05) post exercise in AS patients, whereas in controls only at baseline (r = 0.42, p  < 0.05). No associations between PC levels and IL‐6 or CLT were observed at any time point.

Conclusions: Our findings show that AS patients respond differently to exercise in terms of PC compared to controls, which suggests a novel effect of hemodynamic abnormalities in this disease on intensity of oxidative stress.
Variable soil moisture feedback associated with short-spell heavy rainfall events during onset and active phases of the Indian summer monsoon
Authors: Nayak Hara Prasad , Osuri K. K. , Mohanty U. C. , Xue Yongkang , Das A K , Kumar Mukesh , Niyogi D
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the influence of land surface processes on short-spell monsoonal heavy rainfall events under varying soil wetness conditions in India, using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with two land surface schemes: Noah and SLAB. To represent contrasting soil conditions, four rainfall events are chosen, two in onset (June) and two in active (August) month, during the Indian summer monsoon season. The results indicate that rainfall sensitivity differs notably between onset and active cases. Specifically, in onset, the SLAB overpredicts rainfall to the north of the storm compared to the Noah. The northward displacement of rainfall is attributed to the sensitivity of evapotranspiration to the preferential soil moisture regime in onset. Furthermore, the higher surface air saturation deficit in onset favors plant transpiration, resulting in increased boundary layer moisture. This contributes to enhanced moist static energy, thereby affecting potential vorticity and precipitation. In contrast, evapotranspiration sensitivity is modest during active months, under wet soil and lower surface air saturation deficit conditions. The study reveals the distinct soil moisture feedback mechanisms during the onset and active phases, through variations in evapotranspiration sensitivity. Variations in soil moisture and surface air saturation deficit in these phases play a crucial role in modulating evapotranspiration, which in turn affects precipitation. These findings underscore the importance of land surface initialization and land data assimilation in land-atmosphere interaction studies.
Systematic analysis and functional characterization of the chitinase gene family in Fagopyrum tataricum under salt stress
Authors: Li Qingqing , Yang Yongyi , Bai Xue , Xie Lun , Niu Suzhen , Xiong Biao
Published: December 2024

Background

Chitinases (CHIs) are glycosidases that degrade chitin, playing critical roles in plant responses to both abiotic and biotic stress. Despite their importance, the CHI family’s systematic analysis and evolutionary pattern in F. tataricum (Tartary buckwheat) yet to be explored.

Results

This study analyzed their phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, gene structures, syntenic relationships, physiological functions, and biochemical properties. This research identified 26 FtCHIs and examined their expression patterns under different salt stress conditions and across various tissues. Differential expression analysis revealed a significant upregulation of multiple FtCHIs in response to salt stress, which RT-qPCR further validated. Additionally, subcellular localization experiments demonstrated that Ft_chitinaseIV-2 is localized in vacuoles. The results of transient·transformation showed that·overexpression of Ft_chitinaseIV-2 could·enhance the salt tolerance of plants.

Conclusions

The findings provide new insights into the role of CHIs in stress tolerance and lay the groundwork for future research on the functional characterization of FtCHIs. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of CHI-mediated stress responses could contribute to developing stress-resistant crops.
Liver abscesses secondary to a non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae bacteremia acquired in a non-coastal area: a case report
Authors: Veenstra Coen , Kolader Marion , Matamoros Sébastien , Sigaloff Kim
Published: December 2024

Non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae (NOVC) strains are a distinct group of Vibrio cholerae that do not cause epidemic cholera. NOVC infections usually cause mild forms of gastroenteritis, and rarely severe (extra)intestinal infections, mostly affecting immunocompromised patients. Here, we describe the clinical course of a patient with NOVC bacteremia causing multiple liver abscesses, after drinking from a freshwater well in a non-coastal area. This case highlights the potential of a V.cholerae strain, that is phylogenetically distinct from the current pandemic cholera strain, to cause severe extra-intestinal infections, including liver abscesses.
Clinical and functional characterization of p.Lys322stop variant in the SERPINC1 gene causing severe thrombophilia
Authors: Zhang Haiyue , Yue Xinyang , Dai Tenglong , Wu Jun
Published: December 2024

Background

Identification of mutations in the SERPINC1 has illuminated the intricate pathways underlying antithrombin (AT) deficiency. Our group identified a variation in the SERPINC1 gene (c.964 A > T, p.Lys322stop) and further investigated the mechanism of this variant causing AT deficiency.

Methods

Multiple in silico tools were utilized to predict the conservation of mutations and their impact on the AT structure. The coagulation state was evaluated using the thrombin generation assay. Recombinant AT was overexpressed in HEK293T cells. Intracellular kinetics and extracellular secretion of recombinant AT-K322* were scrutinized by RT-qPCR, Western blotting, ELISA, and immunocytofluorescence.

Results

Analysis of conservation in silico indicated 43 out of the 143 amino acids deleted byAT-K322* in AT were highly conserved across homologous species. In vitro expression experiments showed that there was no significant difference in mRNA levels between the mutant (AT-K322*) and wild-type (AT-WT) forms of the protein. The truncated AT-K322* protein was clearly detected in cell lysates, but not in the culture medium.

Conclusion

AT-K322* resulted in the generation of a truncated protein, which in turn affected the secretion of AT, ultimately leading to AT deficiency.
Utilizing machine learning-based QSAR model to overcome standalone consensus docking limitation in beta-lactamase inhibitors screening: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Pitakbut Thanet , Munkert Jennifer , Xi Wenhui , Wei Yanjie , Fuhrmann Gregor
Published: December 2024

In virtual drug screening, consensus docking is a standard in-silico approach consisting of a combined result from optimized docking experiments, a minimum of two results combination. Therefore, consensus docking is subjected to a lower success rate than the best docking method due to its mathematical nature, an unavoidable limitation. This study aims to overcome this drawback via random forest, an ensemble machine learning model. First, in vitro beta-lactamase inhibitory screening was performed using an in-house chemical library. The in vitro results were later used as a validation. Consequently, we optimized docking protocols for AutoDock Vina and DOCK6 programs. With an appropriate scoring function, we found that DOCK6 could identify up to 70% of all active molecules, double the inappropriate. Further consensus analysis reduced the success rate to 50%. Simultaneously, a false positive rate was down to 16%, which was experimentally favorable for a drug search. Finally, we trained two quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models using logistic regression as a reference model and a random forest as a test model. After combining consensus docking results, random forest-based QSAR outperformed a logistic regression by restoring the success rate to 70% and maintaining a low false positive rate of around 21%. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the benefit of using a random forest (machine learning)-based QSAR model to overcome a standard consensus docking limitation in beta-lactamase inhibitor search as a proof-of-concept.
The genetic diversity of Strongyloides papillosus in Pakistani goats revealed by whole genome sequencing
Authors: Afshan Kiran , Liu Yuchen , Viney Mark
Published: December 2024

Background

Strongyloides nematodes are livestock parasites, and Strongyloides papillosus infecting ruminant livestock can cause disease. Recent genomic analysis of several Strongyloides species is now facilitating population genomic analyses of natural Strongyloides infections, for example finding that Strongyloides ratti in wild UK rats exists as an assemblage of long-lived, asexual lineages.

Methods

Here we have initiated an investigation into the population genomics of S. papillosus in goats in Pakistan. We sampled Strongyloides from goat faeces and then whole genome sequenced individual larvae.

Results

We find that S. papillosus is common, with a prevalence of 28%; that the population is genetically diverse and that individual goats commonly have mixed-genotype infections, and that there is evidence of admixture in only ca. 20% of worms.

Conclusions

These results now provoke further questions about the host range of different S. papillosus genotypes that can be investigated by further population genomic analyses in the future.

Graphical Abstract
Mapping the dynamics of learning communities about Dutch healthy weight approaches: a causal loop diagram
Authors: ter Bogt Maud J. J. , Bevelander Kirsten E. , Kramer Esther A. H. , van der Wal Merel M. , Molleman Gerard R. M. , van den Muijsenbergh Maria , Fransen Gerdine A. J.
Published: December 2024

Background

Learning communities (LCs) are increasingly used among multidisciplinary public health challenges, such as local healthy weight approaches. LCs aim to stimulate learning, collaboration and actions. Previous research has provided insights into the underlying elements of multidisciplinary LCs, but little is known about the perceived causalities of these elements. Therefore, limited is known about what can be done to leverage LCs. This study aims to gain insights into the perceived dynamics of multidisciplinary LCs during the starting phase, including variables, and interconnectedness between variables.

Methods

To elucidate LC dynamics, all members of two separate LCs participated in a qualitative interview about experiences, perceived learning, and actions during the first six months. Interviews were analyzed thematically. Subsequently, a qualitative causal loop diagram was designed.

Results

The qualitative causal loop diagram showed three intertwined themes. The first theme explains why group dynamics are essential, and how jointly arranging the LC may optimize group dynamics. The second theme explains how insights are obtained through multidisciplinary knowledge exchange. The third theme explains how actions are executed when conditions are met. These LC group dynamics, learning and action influenced one another.

Conclusions

To optimize LCs, it is highly recommended that stakeholders arrange them jointly, involve the appropriate partners, match with LC members’ needs, and motivate members to execute action. LC facilitators are recommended to use the causal loop diagram to identify their bottlenecks and how to intervene in those to optimize the LC.
Supervisor-postgraduate relationship and perceived stress: the mediating role of self-efficacy and the moderating role of psychological resilience
Authors: Liu Shen , Wang Xuquan , Teng Han , Gao Wenxiao , Wang Jing , Xu Fan , Song Minghua , Yang Luna
Published: December 2024

Background

Postgraduate studies often entail significant stress, which can profoundly affect students’ well-being and academic performance. The supervisor-postgraduate relationship plays a pivotal role in shaping stress levels among postgraduate students. This study investigates the mediating role of self-efficacy and the moderating influence of psychological resilience in the link between supervisor-postgraduate relationships and perceived stress in postgraduate students.

Methods

This study employed a cross-sectional research design, conducting a survey among 609 postgraduate students selected through random sampling. The participants, aged between 20 and 53 years (M = 25.14, SD = 3.63), included 265 males and 344 females from various academic stages. Data were collected using validated scales to measure the supervisor-postgraduate relationship, perceived stress, self-efficacy, and psychological resilience. The moderated mediation model analysis was conducted to examine the hypothesized relationships and effects, utilizing SPSS with Hayes’ PROCESS macro to validate the statistical interactions.

Results

The results indicated a significant negative association between the supervisor-postgraduate relationship and perceived stress (β=–0.27, p < 0.01), with self-efficacy partially mediating this relationship (β=–0.14, p < 0.01). Additionally, psychological resilience moderated both the direct effect of the supervisor-postgraduate relationship on perceived stress and the indirect effect via self-efficacy (interaction effect β=–0.10, p < 0.01). These findings underscore the roles of self-efficacy and psychological resilience in reducing stress among postgraduate students, highlighting the importance of supportive supervisory relationships.

Conclusions

These findings underscore the critical importance of supportive supervisor-postgraduate relationships and highlight the roles of self-efficacy and resilience in alleviating stress among postgraduate students. This study offers valuable insights for cultivating positive supervisor-postgraduate relationships and enhancing well-being within postgraduate education.
Lung immune incompetency after mild peritoneal sepsis and its partial restoration by type 1 interferon: a mouse model study
Authors: Meng Qiuming , Seto Fumiko , Totsu Tokie , Miyashita Tomoyuki , Wu Songfei , Bougaki Masahiko , Ushio Michiko , Hiruma Takahiro , Trapnell Bruce C. , Uchida Kanji
Published: December 2024

Background

Sepsis is commonly associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although the exaggerated inflammation may damage intact lung tissues, a percentage of patients with ARDS are reportedly immunocompromised, with worse outcomes. Herein, using a murine sepsis model, time-course immune reprogramming after sepsis was evaluated to explore whether the host is immunocompromised. Leukocyte kinetics in the lung tissue were evaluated in a male C57/BL6 mouse model of mild peritoneal sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture, with the survival rate exceeds 90%. Lung immune reactivity was evaluated by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 30 µg). Furthermore, the effect of interferon (IFN)-β in vivo and ex vivo was evaluated.

Results

Four days after sepsis, the lung water content remained high, even among mice in clinical recovery. While monocytes and neutrophils gradually accumulated in the lung interstitium, the inflammatory cytokine/chemokine expression levels in the lungs continued to decline. Intratracheal LPS instillation induced more leukocyte trafficking and protein leakage into the alveoli in the septic lung, indicating more severe lung injury. However, LPS stimulation-associated mRNA expression of tnf, il6, ccl2, and cxcl1 was suppressed. Intra-alveolar expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and keratinocyte-derived cytokine (KC) was also suppressed. Monocytes isolated from the lung tissue showed an impaired response in il6, ccl2, and cxcl1 to LPS. Systemic IFN-β restored the above impaired regulator function of monocytes, as did coculturing these cells from lung tissue with IFN-β.

Conclusions

Histologically accelerated inflammation and paradoxically suppressed immunological regulator signaling were observed in the early recovery phase of sepsis. This observation may provide a model for the immunologically irresponsive state that occurs in some patients with sepsis. Systemic IFN-β partly restored the post-septic immunocompromised state, indicating its therapeutic potential for the immunosuppressive state seen in some patients with sepsis/ARDS.
Sleeping Beauty? A Prospective Study on the Prevalence of Sleep Problems and Their Potential Determinants in Professional Dancers
Authors: Junge Astrid , van Rijn Rogier M. , Stubbe Janine H. , Hauschild Anja
Published: December 2024

Background

Sleep is important for health and performance but has rarely been studied in professional dancers. The aim was to analyse the prevalence of sleep problems in professional dancers and their potential determinants at the beginning of and during the season.

Methods

Professional dancers of six German companies answered a comprehensive baseline questionnaire on physical and mental health, including the Sleep Difficulty Score of the Athletic Sleep Screening questionnaire (ASSQ-SDS) in the beginning of the season and weekly health reports during the season. Numerical rating scales were used for severity of poor sleep, musculoskeletal pain, being stressed/overloaded, all health problems, impaired ability to dance, and workload in the previous seven days.

Results

Of the 147 dancers who answered the baseline questionnaire, 104 (70.7%) completed in total 3186 weekly health reports (response rate: 71.2%). In the beginning of the season 53% of the dancers reported sleep problems of mild (34.0%), moderate (13.6%) or severe extent (5.4%), without differences between sexes, age groups, ranks of the dancers, company sizes or dance styles. The average weekly prevalence of “poor sleep” during the season was 68.8%. Multivariate regression analyses showed that symptoms of depression were significant determinants of sleep problems and the rating of “poor sleep” at baseline; while musculoskeletal pain, being stresses/overloaded, all health problems, impaired ability to dance, and physical and mental workload were significant determinants of “poor sleep” during the season. Variables of the baseline questionnaire were not significantly related to the individual mean rating of “poor sleep” during the season, except of the quality and duration of sleep.

Conclusion

Sleep problems are frequent in professional dancers and related to their physical and mental health and workload. An assessment of sleep should be part of routine health screenings and interventions to improve sleep should be implemented, especially for dancers with pre-existing sleep problems and for periods of high workload.
Heterogeneity of the rearing environment enhances diversity of microbial communities in intensive farming
Authors: Ashrafi Roghaieh , Sundberg Lotta-Riina , Hyvärinen Pekka , Karvonen Anssi
Published: December 2024

Heterogeneity of the rearing environment in farmed animals can improve welfare and stocking success by enhancing natural behaviours, reducing stress, and decreasing pathogen occurrence. Although microbial diversity is often associated with well-being, their direct and indirect effects on health of farmed animals remain underexplored. We examined the impact of structural heterogeneity of aquaculture tanks on microbial communities in tank biofilm and fish gut microbiome. Enrichment (stones and shelters) significantly promoted microbial diversity and community homogeneity in tank biofilm. However, diversity of gut microbiome did not depend on rearing treatment or microbial composition of the environment. Fish in enriched tanks exhibited greater compositional variation in gut microbiome than those in standard tanks. Tanks without enrichments had higher occurrence of potentially pathogenic bacterial families (Corynebacteriaceae and Staphylococcaceae), while enriched tanks had more beneficial gut microbes (Lactobacillus). Microbial diversity in tank biofilm was negatively associated with fish mortality during a natural epidemic of Flavobacterium columnare, suggesting a protective effect of diverse microbial communities. These findings support environmental enrichment in mitigating disease outbreaks through enhanced microbial diversity, providing important implications for disease control and sustainable health management in aquaculture.
Multi-parametric high resolution ultrasound assessment of tibial nerve in diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Elsayed Walaa Galal , Settein Magdy , Abd Elkhalek Ahmed Mohamed , Albehairy Ahmed , Tharwat Nehal
Published: December 2024

Background

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common and serious complication of diabetes occurring in about 50% of patients. It serves as a strong risk factor for disabling pain, foot ulcers and amputation that have a negative effect on the life quality and bring a heavy economic burden. Therefore, it is important to early diagnose DPN for taking influential targeted measures and preventing foot ulcers and amputations. The aim of this study was to assess the role of different high resolution ultrasound (HRUS) parameters in diagnosing DPN.

Results

This study included 60 participants classified into three groups [20 diabetic cases with DPN, 20 diabetic cases without peripheral neuropathy (PN) and 20 age-/sex-matched healthy control]. All cases underwent full clinical and laboratory investigations. HRUS examination including shear wave elastography (SWE) of the tibial nerve was also performed. Our study revealed statistically significant difference as regard maximum thickness nerve fascicles (MTNF) between DPN and control groups (P = 0.005) with a cutoff value of 0.45 mm yielding 85% sensitivity and 75% specificity. As regard nerve cross-sectional area (CSA), there was significant statistical difference between each of the three studied groups. A cutoff value of 17.5 mm2 was excellent in differentiating DPN group from control group with 80% sensitivity and 95% specificity. The highest mean nerve stiffness was noted among DPN group compared to diabetics without PN and control groups with significant statistical difference between each of the studied groups. The mean nerve stiffness was excellent in differentiating DPN group from control group with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. There was significant statistical positive correlation between neuropathy disability score and diabetes duration, HbA1c levels, MTNF, nerve CSA and stiffness.

Conclusions

Multi-parametric HRUS using MTNF, CSA and SWE is a promising quantitative technique that has an excellent additive value to the usual qualitative nerve examination. High image quality, real-time examination, non-invasiveness, low cost, wide availability and multi-parametric assessment make HRUS superior to nerve conduction test. It can serve as an accurate novel technique for screening and early diagnosis of DPN even with normal clinical and nerve conduction studies.
Ανάπτυξη συστήματος ταυτόχρονου εντοπισμού θέσης και χαρτογράφησης με χρήση LiDAR αισθητήρα για την τρισδιάστατη αποτύπωση χώρων πολιτιστικής κληρονομιάς
Authors: Μπέλλος Κωνσταντίνος
Published: December 2024

Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή με τίτλο «Ανάπτυξη συστήματος ταυτόχρονου εντοπισμού θέσης και χαρτογράφησης με χρήση LiDAR αισθητήρα για την τρισδιάστατη αποτύπωση χώρων πολιτιστικής κληρονομιάς» αποτελείται από 7 κεφάλαια. Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο περιγράφεται συνοπτικά το αντικείμενο μελέτης, παρατίθενται ορισμένες βασικές έννοιες και ορισμοί και παρουσιάζονται κάποια από τα πεδία που βρίσκουν εφαρμογή τα συστήματα SLAM. Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο επεξηγούνται οι αρχές στις οποίες βασίζονται τα συστήματα αυτά για να λειτουργήσουν και αναλύονται ορισμένοι ιστορικοί αλλά βασικοί αλγόριθμοι SLAM στους οποίος βασίστηκε η ανάπτυξη των μεταγενέστερων πιο σύνθετων αλγορίθμων. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζεται το λογισμικό υλοποίησης του αλγορίθμου SLAM που αξιοποιείται στην παρούσα διατριβή, με έμφαση στους σύγχρονους αλγόριθμους που ενσωματώνει και στον τρόπο με τον οποίο επιτυγχάνεται η συγχώνευση των δεδομένων. Στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο περιγράφονται αναλυτικά τα στάδια σχεδιασμού και ανάπτυξης του συστήματος SLAM που μελετάται στην παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή. Από την αρχική επιλογή και αξιολόγηση των κατάλληλων αισθητήρων, τη διαμόρφωση της αρχιτεκτονικής του συστήματος και τη διασύνδεσή τους με τους αλγορίθμους συλλογής και επεξεργασίας δεδομένων, έως την ενσωμάτωσή τους στο εσωτερικό ενός τρισδιάστατα σχεδιασμένου και εκτυπωμένου κελύφους. Στο πέμπτο κεφάλαιο διευκρινίζονται οι μέθοδοι επικοινωνίας των επιμέρους ηλεκτρονικών εξαρτημάτων, περιγράφεται η διαδικασία απόδοσης χρωματικής πληροφορίας στο νέφος σημείων που παράγεται από το σύστημα SLAM και παρουσιάζεται το γραφικό περιβάλλον χρήστη που αναπτύχθηκε για την εύκολη χρήση του συστήματος από οποιονδήποτε χειριστή. Επιπλέον, μέσω ενός διαγράμματος ροής, επεξηγείται η συνολική λειτουργία του συστήματος. Στο έκτο κεφάλαιο διεξάγεται η αξιολόγηση της ακρίβειας του νέφους σημείων που παράγεται από το σύστημα SLAM, το οποίο αναπτύχθηκε στο πλαίσιο της παρούσας διατριβής. Περιγράφονται οι μεθοδολογίες αξιολόγησης που εφαρμόστηκαν και παρουσιάζονται αναλυτικά τα αποτελέσματα. Στο έβδομο κεφάλαιο αναδεικνύονται τα συμπεράσματα που προκύπτουν από αυτή την ερευνητική προσπάθεια.
Maintaining accounting records of the sources of property formation, performing work on the inventory of property and financial obligations
Authors: Alekseeva Gul'nara
Published: December 2024

The textbook contains all the questions of the program on the academic discipline "Accounting of sources of property formation, performance of work on the inventory of property and financial obligations of the organization" and is based on the federal accounting standards in force as of 2024.
Prepared using the ConsultantPlus legal reference system.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation.
For students enrolled in the secondary vocational education program in the specialty 38.02.01 "Economics and accounting (by industry)".
Economies Before Scale: I.T. Strategy and Performance Dynamics of Young U.S. Businesses
Authors: Jin Wang , McElheran Kristina
Published: December 2024

We examine how dimensions of information technology (IT) strategy affect the performance of young businesses, as well as dynamics as they age. Drawing from lifecycle theory and firm boundary research, we derive the relationship between age-based performance differences and IT sourcing decisions. We highlight the dynamic tension between outsourcing’s support for accessing frontier inputs in the short term and ownership’s advantages for developing organization-specific resources and capabilities over time. Leveraging a large panel of Census Bureau microdata from 2006 to 2014, we provide the first systematic evidence that young manufacturing establishments (both startups and new units of existing firms) disproportionately benefit from modern IT outsourcing (ITO). The young also enjoy productivity benefits from owned IT capital (ITK), despite high uncertainty, smaller operational scale, and less complementary organizational capital. Although these returns appear commensurate with those of older producers, they are conditional on survival, which is improved by ITO but harmed by ITK accumulation. Combining flexibility-related gains from ITK with vintage-related advantages in early ITK investment, the young are revealed to have significantly greater IT productivity than older incumbents. A large battery of tests supports a causal interpretation, as well as mechanisms rooted in mitigating the effects of uncertainty (as opposed to size- or cost-related reasons). These findings illuminate an often-overlooked pattern of young-business dynamism relevant to economic trends and management practices in an increasingly digital age.

This paper was accepted by DJ Wu, information systems.

Funding: This work was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) of Canada, the National Bureau of Economic Research, and the Stanford Digital Economy Lab.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2019.03116 .
An Stochastic Differential Equation Perspective on Stochastic Convex Optimization
Authors: Rodrigo Maulén S. , Fadili Jalal , Attouch Hedy
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we analyze the global and local behavior of gradient-like flows under stochastic errors toward the aim of solving convex optimization problems with noisy gradient input. We first study the unconstrained differentiable convex case, using a stochastic differential equation where the drift term is minus the gradient of the objective function and the diffusion term is either bounded or square-integrable. In this context, under Lipschitz continuity of the gradient, our first main result shows almost sure convergence of the objective and the trajectory process toward a minimizer of the objective function. We also provide a comprehensive complexity analysis by establishing several new pointwise and ergodic convergence rates in expectation for the convex, strongly convex, and (local) Łojasiewicz case. The last involves a challenging local analysis which requires nontrivial arguments from measure theory. Then, we extend our study to the constrained case and more generally to nonsmooth problems. We show that several of our results have natural extensions obtained by replacing the gradient of the objective function by a cocoercive monotone operator. This makes it possible to obtain similar convergence results for optimization problems with an additively “smooth + nonsmooth” convex structure. Finally, we consider another extension of our results to nonsmooth optimization which is based on the Moreau envelope.

Funding: This work was supported by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [Grant ANR-20-CE92-0037-01].
THE FUTURE OF HIGHER EDUCATION, DIGITALISATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL DECISIONS THROUGH THE EYES OF STUDENTS
Authors: Erturk Aygun , Dakova Megi , Stoykovski Goran , Nikolov Nikolay
Published: December 2024

The present of higher education is highly dynamic, and its future is contingent upon numerous factors. It is crucial to recognize that today's students with their perspectives, expectations, and demands, are significantly shaping the future of higher education. They are the future educators and creators of new scientific knowledge. This article aims to identify the essential components for constructing a vision for the future of universities through an analysis of current students attitudes and behaviors. A literature review was conducted on the evolving dynamics of higher education. Based on these dynamics a tailored questionnaire was prepared to study student's opinions, expectations, and recommendations for technological development and their decisions. Over one hundred students, nearly all of them undergraduates, were surveyed. This empirical study assesses students' satisfaction with the educational process, the university environment, interactions with business, and their future aspirations. The survey data was utilized to construct a vision for the future of higher education. The results confirm students' positive attitudes towards technological advancements, but also highlight concerns regarding their impact on the labor market structure. Notably, students envision a future where universities maintain in-person education, emphasizing the need for enhanced social interactions. Despite improved student-university interactions, there remains a strong desire for greater attention to be paid to their opinions and for closer collaboration with business and industry experts and practitioners.
The problems of translation of computer vocabulary from English into Ukrainian
Authors: Panasenko Yevhenii
Published: December 2024

The proposed article is devoted to the problems and challenges that arise in the process of translating computer vocabulary from English to Ukrainian, including terms related to information technologies, software, the Internet, and modern gadgets. The research highlights the choice between different translation strategies: tracing (literal translation), transcription and transliteration, adaptation of terms or creation of new words in order to preserve the comprehensibility and acceptability of the translation in the Ukrainian language context. Typical mistakes that occur during translation are analyzed, in particular, inaccuracies due to direct copying, loss of meaning or stylistic differences, as well as the influence of anglicisms on the Ukrainian language. Special attention is paid to cultural and linguistic factors that complicate the process of terminology adaptation, as well as the influence of English-language dominance on the development of Ukrainian IT vocabulary. Attention was paid to the history of the term formation of computer vocabulary in the English language and its evolutionary path. The study also outlines the reasons for the global impact of computer vocabulary from the English language on other languages, in particular on the Ukrainian language. It has been proven that the Ukrainian language has its own equivalents for most English terms related to IT and computers, but due to objective reasons, the Ukrainian language does not use them, giving preference to English terms. In addition, scientific research offers recommendations for improving the translation process, taking into account modern linguistic trends and user requirements. The article proves the importance of creating agreed standards and cooperation between linguists, translators and specialists in the field of information technology to improve the quality and consistency of translations.
Methodological guidelines for preparing future language teachers for professional activity in the conditions of scientific education
Authors: Nikitina Alla , Karlova Nadiia
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes educational regulatory documents that serve as the basis for developing methodological guidelines for preparing future Ukrainian language and literature teachers to teach students in conditions where elements of scientific education are being introduced. It is proven that scientific education is a pedagogical concept, the implementation of which involves the use of research, situational methods, and project methods as varieties of the problem method / problem-based learning. The main methodological guidelines / elements / models of professional training of future language teachers of literature for the implementation of their own scientific education and scientific education of gymnasium and lyceum students are formulated. These methodological guidelines include forming a scientific worldview; the value criterion of scientific education; integration of science and learning in the educational process; transition from traditional learning to self-learning and self-development, and research competence as a result of problem-based learning. It is established that in modern scientific education, the activity-based approach is applied in parallel with other key approaches – personally oriented and competency-based. The research activity of a student is an intellectual, creative activity aimed at acquiring and using new knowledge in life practice. This activity includes such a sequence of movement towards results as identifying and formulating problems; constructing hypotheses and selecting methods to verify their reliability or falsity; generalizing obtained results. The main ways of forming the research competence of higher education students at the first (bachelor's) and second (master's) levels are highlighted. The methodological guidelines defined in this article reveal the problem of preparing future language teachers for professional activity in conditions of scientific education development, which relies on an activity-based approach that involves forming competencies through active, independent, creative activity.
Ovarian cancer: A guide for primary care nurses
Authors: Perry Margaret
Published: December 2024

Margaret Perry explains what nurses need to know about this common form of cancer
“LİMON KIZ” MASALININ SEMBOLİK ÇÖZÜMLEMESİ
Authors: Çetindağ Süme Gülda
Published: December 2024

Manevi zenginliğimizin önemli bir alanını teşkil eden masallar; işlenen konu, kullanılan dil, söz varlığı, ağız özelliği, gelenek ve görenekler, örf ve âdetler, giyim-kuşam, inanış vb. gibi millî değerler ve folklor unsurları bakımından kimliğimize hem şekil veren hem de kültürel kodlarımızdaki şifreleri çözümlemeye yarayan ürünlerdir.
Gerçeği özümseyerek sembol dili ile buluşturan ve kültürel kimliğin bir parçası olan masal, çeşitli özellikleriyle ve anlatma geleneği içerisinde kendisine anlamlı bir yer bulmuştur. Masalların içerdiği bütün anlamlar, görünmeyen bir dünyanın kapılarını da olabildiğince aralamaktadır. Bu düşünceden hareketle masalları görünen anlamları dışında sembolik ve mitolojik yönüyle de ele almak, atalarımızdan kalan kültürel mirasımızı öğrenmek adına önemli bir adım olacaktır. Çalışmamızda sembolik ve mitolojik unsurları bakımından değerlendireceğimiz Limon Kız adlı masal Türk masalları içerisinde yaygın olarak anlatılan ve varyantlaşan, sembolik ve mitolojik göndermeleriyle mesajlar veren masallardandır.
Anadolu’da Üç Limon Kızı, Nar Kızı, Üç Narlar, Turunçlar, Üç Turunçlar, Üç Turunç Güzeli, Üç Karpuz Güzeli, Üç Elma gibi pek çok farklı adla varyantları olan masalın sembolik anlamları incelendiğinde nesilden nesle aktarılan kültürümüzün sınır tanımayan zenginliği ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılacaktır. Masalda sembolik değer taşıyan motifler incelenerek masalın anlatmak istediği iletiler karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirmeye tabi tutulacaktır.
THE IMPORTANCE AND USE OF TYPOGRAPHY IN PRINT AND DIGITAL DESIGN
Authors: Acar Büyükpehlivan Gülhan
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT: The main element of design on print and digital platforms is typography. Typography in designs; It is the process in which features such as the font to be used, print-size, color, and spacing are determined and applied. Making a good design attractive, attractive and understandable is achieved by using the right typography in all printed and digital designs. Typography emerged with the letterpress printing applied by Gutenberg in the 1440s. In the early years, it was accepted as a book article. It has become a part of visual design with the increase in competition with the industrial revolution, the importance of recognition and the invention of photography. Nowadays, we encounter it not only in printed communication tools but also in digital media that affect all areas of our lives. Application of typography for digital environments; Font selection is very important for the readability of the text and its best delivery to the target audience, as well as for its functionality and aesthetics. Choosing the right font directly affects the user experien ce in a positive way.In this study, typographic elements in printed materials and digital environments were compared on examples and the more preferred fonts in designs were determined. As printed material; newspaper, magazine, brochure, book, catalog and packaging printing, digitally; Websites, social media and e-book platforms and mobile applications were examined and their typographic applications were compared. As a result, in the use of typography in printed material designs; Serif fonts such as Times New Roman, Garamond, Cambria, Georgia, which do not tire the eyes and provide faster perception and understandability, and serif fonts on digital platforms, on the contrary, make it difficult to read, therefore Arial, Helvetica, Open Sans are available on all digital platforms examined. It has been determined that sans serif fonts such as, Montserrat are more preferred.
SOSYAL MEDYANIN HALK GASTRONOMİSİNE ETKİLERİ VE HALK EKONOMİSİ •
Authors: Şenesen İsmail
Published: December 2024

Özet
Varoluşundan bugüne kadar insanlığın en önemli ihtiyaçlardan biri olan yeme-içme eylemi, insanların temel ihtiyacı olduğu kadar onlara zevk veren bir alışkanlıktır. Yiyecek ve içecek, yani beslenme ihtiyacı, diğer bazı ihtiyaçlarla birlikte, ihtiyaçlar piramidinin en alt katmanını oluşturmaktadır. Toplumlarda özgün mutfakların oluşmaya başlamasıyla birlikte mutfak ve dolayısıyla da yeme-içme eylemleri o toplumlarda kültürün vazgeçilmez bir unsuru haline gelmiştir. Gastronomi kavramı özellikle yiyecek, içecek ve mutfak sanatlarının insanı ve toplumu ilgilendiren içeriği dolayısıyla halkbilimi ile yakın bir ilişki içerisindedir. Halk ekonomisi, halkbilimi çalışma alanının en önemli konularından birini oluşturmaktadır. Kültürün varlığı ve sürekliliği ekonomiye bağlı olduğu gibi, ekonominin varlığı da kültüre sıkı sıkıya bağlıdır. Ekonomi halk bilimi açısından, hem bağlamsal hem de işlevsel bakımdan halk yaşantısında bulunan bütün yapı ve sosyal kurumların anlaşılması bakımından çok önemli bir yerdedir. Gıda ile ekonomi arasında güçlü bir ilişki söz konusudur. Bu bağlamda pazarlama ile gastronomi arasında da kuvvetli bir ilişki vardır. Teknolojide yaşanan hızlı değişim ve gelişim, birçok alanı etkilediği gibi gıda/yemek üretim ve tüketimini de etkilemektedir. Sosyal medya pazarlamacılığı, genellikle çevrimiçi pazarlama, internet pazarlaması veya web pazarlama olarak anılan dijital pazarlama, son yıllarda popüler hale gelmiştir. Halk gastronomisinde üretim önemlidir; ancak ondan da önemlisi üretilen ürünü tüketiciyle buluşturmaktır. Ürün pazarlanamadıktan sonra üretimin hiçbir anlamı yoktur. Satış ve tüketimi artıran faktörler içerisinde dijital ortamda sosyal medya fenomenlerince yayınlanan özellikle insan odaklı hikâye anlatımının oldukça etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Spray Drying of Fructooligosaccharide Syrup Produced from Jerusalem Artichoke Tuber Applying Different Drying Aids and Properties of Powder Products
Authors: Siriwarin Nattacha , Wichitchan Panisa , Thongchai Napassakorn , Jittanit Weerachet
Published: December 2024

Highlights

Fructooligosaccharide syrup was processed to powder form using spray-drying techniques.

Various drying aids were applied in feed preparation to improve the spray-drying efficiency and powder characteristics.

Powder recoveries obtained were higher than 50% and thus high enough for commercial production.

Powder produced can be applied as functional ingredients in food and animal feed.

Abstract. Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) syrup was produced using Jerusalem artichoke tuber (JAT) as the raw material. The syrup was processed to powder form by applying a spray-drying technique with inlet/outlet air temperatures of 190/90°C with three different drying aids comprising maltodextrin (MD), whey protein concentrate (WPC), and sodium caseinate (SCN) at various ratios. The key objectives of this study were to determine the suitable drying conditions by considering the powder recovery as well as to investigate the qualities of the different powders. The application of MD at the ratio of drying aid-to-total soluble solid in syrup of 1:1 w/w resulted in the highest values for powder recovery, bulk density, and water solubility and the lowest moisture content and hygroscopicity compared to its counterparts. Although the powder recovery using these conditions was 72.28%, the FOS content (the most desirable component in the powder product) was 33.53% d.b., which was clearly lower than that from using SCN at the ratio of 0.25:1 w/w that produced an FOS content of 50.26% d.b. However, the powder recovery using these conditions was 58.87%. These powder products could be applied as functional ingredients in food and animal feed, with their production costs being lower than those for the commercial high-purity FOS powder that requires more complicated processing techniques. Keywords: Fructooligosaccharide, Maltodextrin, Sodium caseinate, Spray-drying, Whey protein concentrate.
Perceptions of vulnerability and precariousness of Airbnb workers in Portugal
Authors: Roque Isabel , Boavida Nuno
Published: December 2024

Platform work in the tourism sector has grown exponentially since 2014. Airbnb was a driving force for the Portuguese economy after the 2008 crisis. During the COVID-19 pandemic, tourism was cancelled, and most workers did not have access to social benefits, causing a potential disruption in their careers. There is a gap in research regarding the analysis of the occupational trajectories of Airbnb workers and the effects of the 2008 crisis and the pandemic on their lives. Between 2020 and 2021, in-depth interviews were conducted with Airbnb workers and activists in order to analyse their occupational trajectories, collective voice and business models. The article concludes that, while Airbnb changed the tourism landscape, those who work for it remain precarious.
A Q&A with Chigbo Arthur Anyaduba
Authors: Anyaduba Chigbo Arthur
Published: December 2024

Abstract: The following exchange took place during the Question and Answer period of Chigbo Arthur Anyaduba’s (CAA) talk, “‘A Great Universal Future Equitably Open to All Peoples, All Nations, and All Species’: Decoloniality Beyond Openness.” The talk was given digitally on 5 February 2022 as part of Relative Time/Little Time, a speaker series designed collaboratively by Dutch artist duo Bik Van der Pol and Mosaic. The Question and Answer session was moderated by Mosaic editor Shepherd Steiner (SS).
Breaking the Mold: Have gendered dynamics been overlooked in South Asian Adaptation Challenges?
Authors: Prakash Anjal
Published: December 2024

This commentary delves into the complex relationship between gender dynamics and climate change in South Asia, underscoring the pressing need to tackle gender biases in adaption. It looks at how sociocultural issues such as gender vulnerabilities interact to impede successful adaptation attempts and asks whether gender dynamics have been neglected in addressing adaptation challenges in South Asia. It emphasises how social norms, restricted access to resources, and decision-making platforms worsen the disproportionate effects of climate change on women and other intersectional groups. It highlights how crucial it is to incorporate gender-transformative methods into the policies and the distribution of resources to foster inclusivity and resilience. South Asia has the potential to promote fair and sustainable adaptation solutions by questioning conventional gender norms and empowering neglected communities. The commentary accentuates the necessity for transformative action to guarantee gender-inclusive climate adaptation initiatives in the region.