bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and validity of the expectations of physiotherapists questionnaire on practice management software
Authors: Arza-Moncunill Eduardo , Medina-Mirapeix Francesc , Martín-San Agustín Rodrigo
Published: October 2023

Background

Despite the growing trend in the use of digital technologies in physiotherapy, the overall adoption of both, practice management software (PMS) and electronic health records in physiotherapy clinics has been low and slow over time. In order to learn what factors determine the adoption of these technologies by physiotherapists, there is a need to examine the expectations of physiotherapists (EPs) on specific software attributes. The main aims of this study were to develop a questionnaire to measure and describe the EPs towards PMS. The knowledge of these EPs will be useful to guide PMS design in order to improve physiotherapists‘ satisfaction.

Methods

Instrument development study with validity and reliability testing. The development of this questionnaire was conducted in three phases: identification of attributes to be explored, development of the items, pilot study, and psychometric testing. The questionnaire was distributed to chartered physiotherapists. A total of 272 participants completed the questionnaire.

Results

A series of analysis were conducted to assess item reduction, factor structure of the questionnaire and metric properties of multi-item scales. From the initial 43 attributes, the final version of the questionnaire consisted of 26 items on EPs, grouped in nine scales and two areas (clinical care and administrative activities). As a result, all scores had strong item-scale correlations, excellent item scaling success, and good internal consistency (Cronbach alpha coefficients of >.7). Our study also showed that current EPs were high towards most of the items, only two scales concentrated most of the attributes with the least expectations (monitoring quality of care and digital health interventions). Our study included physiotherapists with and without experience with PMS, and it showed that both groups had a similar pattern of expectations. Our study provides a valuable questionnaire of EP on PMS attributes for clinical care and administrative activities and shows a detailed development process.
Uma análise comparativa dos gastos públicos na esfera municipal de governo
Authors: Serrano Andre Luiz Marques , De Araujo Neto Luiz Medeiros , Rosano-Peña Carlos , Ferreira Lucas Oliveira Gomes , Cavalcante Pedro Paulo Murce Menezes , Mendes Nara Cristina Ferreira , Neumann Clovis , Peixoto Maria Gabriela Mendonça
Published: October 2023

Com a crise financeira na Europa, é sabido que a Zona do Euro está entre as regiões que se destacam como mais afetadas, principalmente Portugal, Itália, Espanha e Grécia. Em Portugal a crise financeira gerou uma enorme preocupação com a eficiência dos gastos públicos, não apenas por parte do governo, mas da sociedade como um todo. Dessa forma a compreensão da eficiência na gestão pública se faz imprescindível. É sabido que diversos elementos podem, de forma combinada, determinar a eficiência entidades, inclusive públicas. Este artigo busca examinar a relação que possa existir entre a dimensão municipal e a eficiência na gestão pública em Portugal. Para isso foi construído um indicador de dimensão, após foi relacionado os valores encontrados nesses indicadores às eficiências mensuradas pelo trabalho de Araujo Neto et al (2013). A pesquisa se justifica dado a importância de se conhecer a maneiras de se incentivar políticas públicas que melhorem a eficiência no setor público.
Prevalence of urınary ıncontınence ın women who applıed to a famıly health center ın the Van Provınce
Authors: Dağli Sinemis Çetin , Koca Danyal Burak
Published: October 2023

Our aim of this study was to determine the incidence of urinary incontinence in women living in a family health center district in the province of Van, the effect of birth rate and type of delivery on urinary incontinence, the awareness level of women in this subject. This is a descriptive-cross-sectional study. The study was conducted by face to face survey method in women gave birth who applied to Family Health Center no.1 in Ipekyolu District. 227 women who agreed to participate in the study were included in the study. The mean number of pregnancies was 4.13 ± 0.71, 83 of the women (36.6%) stated that they had incontinent. 31 (37.3%) reported compression type, 25 (30.1%) stress type and 27 (32.6%) mixed type incontinence, 170 (74.9%) of the women see urinary incontinence as a health problem. The high number of children significantly increases urinary incontinence. Urinary incontinence is significantly higher in patients with diabetes mellitus. Women who have had their birth at home have higher urinary incontinence incidence than the women who have had all their births at hospital. Receiving education for 8 years and below increases to see urinary incontinence as a health problem. It is important in terms of women's health to educate women on reproductive health, to make full use of family planning services and to take all necessary measures to make all deliveries in hospital.
Potential Determinants of Mass Shooting Perpetration and Casualties: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wichaidit Wit
Published: October 2023

Introduction: In the United States (US), mass shootings could be regarded as a public health issue due to their ubiquitous and public nature. Social-ecological models, commonly used to explain health behaviours, can contribute to the understanding of potential determinants of mass shootings based on current evidence. Aim: To conduct a systematic review on factors associated with the perpetration of mass shooting events and casualties (injuries or fatalities) at mass shooting events. Materials and Methods: The author searched the literature on PubMed using the term “mass shooting”. Inclusion criteria included titles containing the words “shoot*,” “firearm*,” or “gun*,” having an abstract or full text, and the study being either primary research or secondary data analysis on the perpetration or casualties of mass shootings. Results: The author reviewed 36 articles, nearly all of which focused on mass shootings in US. For the perpetration of mass shootings, gun ownership and access were present at all levels of the social-ecological model. Other factors for perpetration included mental illness, relationship issues, and permissive firearm laws. Mass shooting casualties were associated with the use of high-powered firearms at the intrapersonal level and permissive firearm laws at the policy level. Conclusion: Firearms-related factors were associated with both the perpetration and casualties of mass shootings at various levels of the social-ecological model. However, caveats, including a limited time frame of the review, limited sources of publications, and subjectivity in building the social-ecological model, should be considered in the interpretation of the study findings.
Comparison of Levels of Telomerase, Oxidative Stress, Adiponectin, Leptin, and Interleukin-6 in First Degree Relatives of Diabetics, Prediabetics, and Diabetics: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rajendran Rajathi , Sharma Vivek Kumar , Vinod Kolar Vishwanath , Ananthakrishnan Ramesh , Nandeesha Hanumanthappa , Subramanian Senthil Kumar
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Rapid beta-cell senescence caused by telomere shortening is associated with type 2 diabetes. Hence, studying telomere dynamics in prediabetic stages or First Degree Relatives of Diabetics (FDRD) is crucial. Telomere attrition is influenced by oxidative stress, which is prevalent in diabetics, prediabetics, and FDRD due to dyslipidaemia. The relationship between telomerase activity and glycaemic control, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, dyslipidaemia, adipocytokines, and inflammatory markers remains unclear and requires further investigation. Aim: To assess and compare telomerase levels, oxidative stress (malondialdehyde), adipocytokines (leptin, adiponectin, and Interleukin-6 (IL-6), lipid profiles, and Body Fat Percentage (BF%) across the glycaemic spectrum in the Indian population. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Physiology, JIPMER, Puducherry, from 2016 to 2018, involving four groups: Group I (control group, non diabetic, healthy, non FDRD, n=63), Group II (FDRD, non diabetic, n=63), Group III (prediabetics, n=63), and Group IV (diabetics, n=63). Participants aged 30-50 years, matched for age and gender, were recruited. Anthropometric variables, cardiovascular parameters, telomerase levels, Malondialdehyde (MDA), adiponectin, leptin, IL-6, and lipid profiles were assessed. Mean differences were analysed using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal-Wallis test, while Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed to assess the correlation between telomerase levels, glucose concentration, and BF%. Results: An increasing trend in circulating telomerase levels, lipid profiles, and BF% was observed across the glycaemic spectrum. Circulating leptin concentrations did not differ between the groups. However, there was a decrease in circulating adiponectin concentration as the glycaemic status progressed. Increased MDA levels were observed only in the diabetics group. Telomerase levels showed a significant association with circulating glucose concentration (fasting and postprandial) and BF%. Conclusion: The circulating telomerase level increased along the glycaemic spectrum (non FDRD<FDRD<Prediabetics< Diabetics). The major finding was that telomerase level increases even in normoglycaemic FDRD. Oxidative and inflammatory parameters did not significantly differ in FDRD compared to non FDRD individuals. Notably, adiponectin, Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), and HighDensity Lipoprotein (HDL) were the parameters that showed changes in FDRD.
Clinicomicrobiological Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Burkholderia cepacia Complex Isolates from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Padma Suja Star , Appalaraju B , Someshwaran R
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Burkholderia cepacia Complex (BCC) is a group of Gram negative betaproteobacteria with complex taxonomy that causes healthcare-associated infections and hospital outbreaks. BCC is the fourth most pathogenic non fermentative Gram negative bacilli worldwide, following Burkholderia cepacia, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, with a prevalence ranging between 10-20% for non fermentative Gram negative bacilli and 5-15% for BCC. Human infections are caused by 22 known species and 14 novel species. Pulmonary BCC infections lead to “Cepacia syndrome,” a fatal illness that results in progressive respiratory failure and necrotising pneumonia, leading to early death in 20% of cases. Aim: To emphasise the disease burden and clinical outcomes of BCC infections, as well as to assess the performance of various methods for BCC detection. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 91,778 samples were received between April 2021 and December 2022, over a period of one year and nine months, to determine the disease burden of BCC. The identification of BCC was carried out using manual culture and sensitivity, VITEK®-2 ID/AST system, Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDIToF-MS), recA gene virulence determinant by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and 16S Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequencing. Out of 115 manually identified BCC isolates, 56 (48.70%) underwent automated Vitek® 2 ID/AST, MALDI-ToF-MS, recA gene PCR, and 16S rRNA sequencing for identification and characterisation. The results were entered into Microsoft Excel, and statistical analysis was performed using the International Business Machines (IBM) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 28.0. Results: Culture positivity was observed in 16,949 samples (18.47%), among which 3,387 (29.25%) were non fermentative gram negative bacilli. The incidence of Burkholderia spp. isolation was 115 (3.4%) out of 3,387 non fermentative gram negative bacilli. The prevalence of BCC among the study population was 115 (0.13%) out of 91,778. Conclusion: BCC, causing a wide array of infections, results in profound morbidity and mortality, especially in hospital settings. Early identification using Vitek-2 and MALDI-ToF-MS, along with molecular methods like PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing, could be the key to confirming the diagnosis and initiating appropriate management.
Altered Liver Function Test in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Subjects and its Association with Dyslipidaemia and Fasting Blood Sugar: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ramya S , Priya S Sindu , Selvaraju Arun Kannan
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Multiple organ systems are affected due to the metabolic dysregulation associated with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Altered lipoprotein metabolism and liver enzymes have been identified as independent risk factors for the development of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Routine screening of liver function and ultrasound imaging of the liver should be done at the time of diagnosis of type 2 DM and thereafter at regular intervals. Aim: To determine the association between liver function parameters and glycemic status in type 2 diabetics. Additionally, the study aimed to correlate liver enzymes and lipid profiles in Type 2 DM patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 23rd, 2021 to October 23rd, 2021 on 100 Type 2 diabetic patients attending the diabetic Outpatient Department of Biochemistry, at Annapoorana Medical College and Hospital, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. Fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL) were measured using the direct enzymatic method, while LowDensity Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL) was calculated using Friedewald’s formula. Total bilirubin, Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), total protein, and albumin were analysed using the ERBA EM-200 auto analyser based-on the wet chemistry principle. Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between variables. Results: Among the total of 100 type 2 diabetic patients who participated in present study, 59 were males and 41 were females. The mean±SD age of diabetic patients was 51.23±10.810 years, ranging between 35 and 76 years. The frequency of altered liver enzymes in the study sample was found to be 33, with 25 being males and 8 being females. The mean fasting blood sugar levels with normal liver function and abnormal liver function were observed to be 128.37±13.16 mg/ dL and 133.79±15.68 mg/dL, respectively, but the difference was not statistically significant. The mean values of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein with normal liver function were observed to be 137.18±34.44 mg/ dL, 175.12±65.19 mg/dL, and 75.55±9.78 mg/dL, respectively, while with abnormal liver function, they were observed to be 196.05±52.67 mg/dL, 143.28±47.63 mg/dL, and 138.83±38.11 mg/dL, respectively, showing statistical significance. Conclusion: The present study found a strong association between deranged liver enzymes with fasting blood sugar and dyslipidaemia.
Chronic Ectopic Pregnancy Masquerading as Ovarian Cystadenoma: A Case Report
Authors: Reddy Lucky Srivani , Jaiswal Arpita , Tayade Surekha , Sharma Sakshi , Patel Drashti
Published: October 2023

The term ‘chronic ectopic pregnancy’ refers to a type of tubal pregnancy in which a pelvic mass frequently develops as a result of repeated small ectopic ruptures or abortions, rather than a single episode of bleeding. Chronic ectopic pregnancy can often present with vague symptoms, making it susceptible to misdiagnosis and delaying treatment. In this case, a 27-year-old woman with para 2 and 2 live births presented with complaints of on-and-off abdominal pain in the right inguinal region for the past two months. During the clinical examination, a substantial, firm mass measuring 6×6 cm was palpated in the right adnexal region, not associated with any adnexal tenderness. Transabdominal sonography suggested an empty uterus with a solid cystic mass, round/ oval in shape, located in the right adnexal region measuring approximately 6.9×6.4 cm. The ultrasound findings in these patients can either show an amorphous, avascular mass or a highly vascular complex. The diagnosis can be mistaken for endometriosis, acute pelvic inflammatory illness, vascular tumours, pelvic abscess, or, in this instance, a cystadenoma. In most cases, radiologic findings are essential in the differential diagnosis, but it is mostly confirmed through surgery, as in this case. A laparotomy was performed, which revealed a chronic ectopic pregnancy, and a salpingo-oophrectomy was performed.
HPLC-MS Evaluation of Mannuronic and Guluronic Acid in Bacterial Alginate from Azotobacter vinelandii and the Effect on Glyceollin Induction and Accumulation in Soybeans
Authors: Eromosele Ojokoh
Published: October 2023

Aims: The objective of this study was to investigate the eliciting efficacy of bacterial alginate which was extracted from Azotobacter vinelandii in the induction of glyceollins and accumulation in soybeans.

Methodology: The preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect, separate and purify the alginate after extraction and ultra performance liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was used to detect the molecular weights of both the extracted alginate and the induced glyceollins in soybeans.

Results: Bacterial alginate induced glyceollins synthesis in soybean seeds in high quantity. The optimal conditions of elicitation were as follows: concentration of bacterial alginate 60 µL presoaked in the sterile water for 5h, incubated at a controlled temperature of 30℃ and in the dark for 4 days. Alginate induction ability exhibited glyceollin-inducing activities of 1.775 (mg/g dry weight) while the control had no record of glyceollin induction.  The results demonstrated that a larger molecular weight or a higher G/M ratio might correlate with a higher glyceollin-induction activity.

Conclusion: In conclusion; alginate could be introduced as relatively safe and efficient elicitor of high glyceollin accumulation in soybeans. The method for bacterial alginate extraction and its application in soybean seeds for glyceollin induction may be of practical use in the food.
Effect of Allium cepa (Onion) Bulb and Annona muricata (Soursop) Pulp Juices on Body Weight, Prostate Weight, Selected Hormones and Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) in Testosterone and Oestradiol-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Albino Rats
Authors: Ibegbulem C. O.  , Ujowundu C. O.  , Ukairo D. I.  , Ihejieto H. A.
Published: October 2023

Aim: This study investigated the effect of soursop pulp and onion bulb juice samples on body weight, prostate weight (PW), percentage prostate increase inhibition (PPII), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone (T), prolactin and PSA levels in testosterone and oestradiol-induced BPH in albino rats.

Study Design: The simple random design was used in this study.

Place and Duration of Study: Dave Research House, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria, between April 2022 and July 2022.

Methodology: Fifty-four (54) male albino rats were randomly distributed into 9 groups (A-I) of 6 rats each, with B to I induced with 10 mg/kg b.w of exogenous hormones (1:1) every 2 days. They were treated as follows: A (normal control), B (BPH control), C (standard control), D (10 ml/kg b.w soursop), E (10 ml/kg b.w onion), F (10 ml/kg b.w, 1:1 soursop and onion), G (20 ml/kg b.w soursop), H (20 ml/kg b.w onion), and I (20 ml/kg b.w, 1:1 soursop and onion), for 28 days. The rats were weighed weekly. At the end of the treatment, they were euthanized, prostate and serum samples were collected for further assessments.

Results: The results showed that at low dose, the body weights of the rats were maintained. The single samples at low dose improved PW and PPII better. DHT and T levels reduced in all test groups, and the standard control. The single samples reduced DHT levels with increase in concentration, while the soursop juice and combination samples decreased testosterone levels with increase in concentration. Prolactin levels significantly (p<.05) reduced in the test groups and standard control when compared with the BPH control. While, PSA levels also decreased in the test groups, but were not significantly (p>.05) different from the controls.

Conclusion: The study suggested that soursop pulp and onion bulb juices exerted ameliorative effects on BPH, especially individually, and at the low dose studied. Hence, their consumption by older males should be encouraged.
Sulphur and Micronutrient Impact on Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Yield and Nutrient Uptake
Authors: Jagasia Pooja. V. , Magodia H. A. , Kale A. P.
Published: October 2023

Soil composition, fertilizer quality, and fertilizer type are all important factors in the growth and yield of sunflowers. Fertilizers are generally used to replenish the soil with essential nutrients that are necessary for optimal sunflower growth and yield. To assess the impact of elemental Sulphur (S) supplementation on the yield of sunflower crops, a field experiment was conducted in December 2021 in Maharashtra soil. The trial was arranged in a Randomized Block Design with five treatments, each replicated five times.T1 (Control), T2 (100% RDF i.e. Recommended NPK 80:60:40 only), T3 (Recommended NPK with 40kg/ha Elemental S), T4 (Recommended NPK with 40kg/ha along with foliar spray of micronutrients (Cu 1.0%,Zn 3.0%,Mn 1.0%,Fe 2.5%,B 0.5%,Mo 0.1%)],T5 (Recommended NPK with foliar spray of micronutrients(Cu 1.0%,Zn 3.0%,Mn 1.0%,Fe 2.5%,B 0.5%,Mo 0.1%). The application of a recommended dose of fertilizer and 40 kg/ha of elemental sulphur along with a foliar spray of micronutrients (T4) combined had a significant effect on the sunflower seed yield and quality. The utilization of a prescribed dosage of fertilizer and 40 kg/ha of elemental sulphur together had a noteworthy result on the sunflower seed yield and quality. The integration of sulphur amplified the all-inclusive nutrient concentration and their absorption by the sunflower.
Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy versus Oral Therapy in the Management of Mild and Moderate Erectile Dysfunction: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Shakban Amr , El-Enen Mohamed Abo , Abdelhay Sherif Abdelrahman , Elgamasy Abdelnaser , Almekaty Khaled
Published: October 2023

Background: One developing strategy for the treatment of Erectile Dysfunction (ED) involves the utilization of noninvasive low intensity extracorporeal shockwave (LI-ESWT) therapy. This method shows promise in enhancing erectile function, while also demonstrating satisfactory levels of safety and efficacy. The objective of the present investigation was to assess the  safety and effectiveness of LI-ESWT in comparison to phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i) treatment for males experiencing mild to moderate ED.

Methods and Patients: This prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) was done on sixty male individuals with ED with mild to moderate ED degree (index of erectile function (IIEF 5) =twelve-sixteen), married with stable heterosexual relationship for more than six months, proved to had vasculogenic ED etiology and vasculogenic ED by doppler,. Patients were randomly categorized into two equal groups by (Block randomization). Group A: underwent LI ESWT and Group B: received sildenafil hundred mg on demand.

Results: There was a important development in Erectile Hardness Score (EHS), IIEF-5, self- esteem and relationship (SEAR) scores at the treatment of the first and third months of in both groups when compared with level of baseline. Indicate that there were no important variance among group A and group B in terms of the IIEF-5, EHS at follow-up and baseline.

Conclusions: The findings of the research indicate that Li-ESWT had comparable efficacy to sildenafil in terms of treatment outcomes, as assessed by IIEF-5, SHE questionnaire. The observed enhancements in the EHS and IIEF-5 measures indicate that both interventions effectively improved function of erectile.
Examining the Influence of HR Analytics on the Performance of IT Companies
Authors: Khaliq Ramsha , Saritha B.
Published: October 2023

This study delves into the intricate relationship between Human Resource Management (HRM) practices and their impact on company performance, specifically focusing on the IT-ITES industry in the Hyderabad region. The study aims to identify prevalent HRM practices, both commonly and less commonly adopted, within this sector, emphasizing their strategic significance. HRM encompasses a wide range of practices such as recruitment, training, performance assessment, and employee engagement, all crucial for organizational success. While numerous studies have explored the connection between HRM practices and performance, this research aims to bridge the gap in understanding the direct and indirect links between them, focusing on the unique challenges of the IT industry. The study employs a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative interviews with HR professionals and quantitative surveys of IT firms in India. Qualitative analysis revealed themes including data-driven practices, artificial intelligence integration, statistical evaluations, and work culture shaping. These HR practices were found to impact organizational factors such as cost reduction, enhanced employee performance, and retention. Hypotheses are formulated to assess the correlation between HR practices and their successful implementation in the IT industry. The study contributes to the understanding of HRM-performance relationships, providing insights for future practice implementation and offering a comprehensive perspective on HR practices in the Indian IT sector.
Tracing the Sources of Paleoproterozoic Metasediments in the Comoé Basin, Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa : Geochemistry Implication
Authors: Teha Koffi Raoul , Pria Koffi Kossonou Jean-Marie , Koffi Augustin Yao , Brou Koffi Joseph , Kouassi Brice Roland , Kouamelan Alain Nicaise
Published: October 2023

Petrology and geochemistry have been used jointly to study the metasediments of the Comoé Basin. The main objective is to identify the sources of the metasediments. The entire Comoé metasedimentary basin is dominated by greywackes and shales. The mineralogy of the greywackes consists of biotite, plagioclase, quartz, muscovite, chlorite, ilmenite and other oxides. The shales contain andalusite, biotite, muscovite, quartz and chlorite. Overall, the geochemistry of the major elements shows an enrichment of Fe2O3, MgO, Al2O3, K2O and TiO2 in the metapelitic rocks. These oxides are controlled by the distribution of phyllosilicates. Observation of diagrams of rare earth elements has shown that the source of these elements in these metasediments for these elements is largely controlled by the TTG. On the other hand, a large quantity of felsic material, in particular felsic rocks, contributed to the composition of the sediments. Mafic rocks contributed to a lesser extent.
Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Lee Sun Y. , Pearce Elizabeth N.
Published: October 2023

Importance

Overt hyperthyroidism, defined as suppressed thyrotropin (previously thyroid-stimulating hormone) and high concentration of triiodothyronine (T3) and/or free thyroxine (FT4), affects approximately 0.2% to 1.4% of people worldwide. Subclinical hyperthyroidism, defined as low concentrations of thyrotropin and normal concentrations of T3 and FT4, affects approximately 0.7% to 1.4% of people worldwide. Untreated hyperthyroidism can cause cardiac arrhythmias, heart failure, osteoporosis, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. It may lead to unintentional weight loss and is associated with increased mortality.

Observations

The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves disease, with a global prevalence of 2% in women and 0.5% in men. Other causes of hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis include toxic nodules and the thyrotoxic phase of thyroiditis. Common symptoms of thyrotoxicosis include anxiety, insomnia, palpitations, unintentional weight loss, diarrhea, and heat intolerance. Patients with Graves disease may have a diffusely enlarged thyroid gland, stare, or exophthalmos on examination. Patients with toxic nodules (ie, in which thyroid nodules develop autonomous function) may have symptoms from local compression of structures in the neck by the thyroid gland, such as dysphagia, orthopnea, or voice changes. Etiology can typically be established based on clinical presentation, thyroid function tests, and thyrotropin-receptor antibody status. Thyroid scintigraphy is recommended if thyroid nodules are present or the etiology is unclear. Thyrotoxicosis from thyroiditis may be observed if symptomatic or treated with supportive care. Treatment options for overt hyperthyroidism from autonomous thyroid nodules or Graves disease include antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine ablation, and surgery. Treatment for subclinical hyperthyroidism is recommended for patients at highest risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease, such as those older than 65 years or with persistent serum thyrotropin level less than 0.1 mIU/L.

Conclusions and Relevance

Hyperthyroidism affects 2.5% of adults worldwide and is associated with osteoporosis, heart disease, and increased mortality. First-line treatments are antithyroid drugs, thyroid surgery, and radioactive iodine treatment. Treatment choices should be individualized and patient centered.
Human‐biased TMEM25 expression promotes expansion of neural progenitor cells to alter cortical structure in the developing brain
Authors: An Boyang , Ando Akari , Akuta Hiroto , Morishita Fumihiro , Imamura Takuya
Published: October 2023

Cortical expansion has occurred during human brain evolution. By comparing human and mouse RNA‐seq datasets, we found that transmembrane protein 25 (TMEM25) was much more highly expressed in human neural progenitors (NPCs). Overexpression of either human TMEM25 or mouse Tmem25 similarly promoted mouse NPC proliferation in vitro. Mimicking human‐type expression of TMEM25 in mouse ventricular cortical progenitors accelerated proliferation of basal radial glia (bRG) and increased the number of upper‐layer neurons in vivo. By contrast, RNA‐seq analysis, and pharmacological assays showed that knockdown of TMEM25 in cultured human NPCs compromised the effects of extracellular signals, leading to cell cycle inhibition via Akt repression. Thus, TMEM25 can receive extracellular signals to expand bRG in human cortical development.
Fixed‐time disturbance observer‐based fixed‐time path following control for small fixed‐wing UAVs under wind disturbances
Authors: Cui Lei , Zhou Qi , Huang Di , Yang Hongjiu
Published: October 2023

In this paper, the three‐dimensional path following control problem for small‐scale fixed‐wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) subject to external wind disturbances is investigated. A fixed‐time disturbance observer is designed to estimate the external wind disturbance. The estimates are then incorporated into the fixed‐time integral terminal sliding mode controller such that a composite control scheme is proposed. Under the proposed control scheme, the UAV system not only guarantees a fixed‐time convergence rate but also possesses stronger disturbance rejection ability and better robustness. Finally, the effectiveness of this strategy is verified by numerical simulations.
Evaluation and Failure Mechanism of High‐Temperature Microwave Absorption for Heterogeneous Phase Enhanced High‐Entropy Transition Metal Oxides
Authors: Dai Guohao , You Xiao , Deng Ruixiang , Zhang Tao , Ouyang Huiying , Song Lixin
Published: October 2023

Herein, magnetic and conductive heterogeneous nickel‐matrix alloy is in situ constructed in the high‐entropy transition metal oxide matrix using a reductive circumstance, to form the high‐temperature resistant microwave absorbers. The ohmic, dielectric polarization and magnetic loss are enhanced synergistically, prompting the improvement of loss capacity and optimization of the impedance matching feature. The composites achieve over 90% absorption in the whole Ku band with a thickness of just 1.55 mm at room temperature. Moreover, the in situ high temperature measured microwave absorption keeps stable till 500 °C. In situ characterizations are employed to investigate the evolution processes and failure mechanisms. As the temperature elevates, there are three distinct stages. The absorber goes through minor chemical reactions, consequent elimination of magnetic loss, and a rapid increase in electroconductivity. These behaviors culminate in impedance mismatch, finally worsening its absorption performance at elevated temperatures. The proposed evaluation process reveals how the above irreversible and reversible behaviors affect high‐temperature microwave absorption, providing an effective theoretical basis for the design of high‐temperature microwave absorbers.
Gate Voltage Adjusting PbS‐I Quantum‐Dot‐Sensitized InGaZnO Hybrid Phototransistor with High‐Sensitivity
Authors: Zhang Cong , Yin Xingtian , Qian Guojiang , Sang Zi , Yang Yawei , Que Wenxiu
Published: October 2023

PbS QDs/a‐IGZO based sensitized photo field‐effect transistors are promising candidate for next‐generation near‐infrared photodetectors due to their ultra‐high sensitivity, gate tunability, and ease of integration. However, the reported PbS QDs/a‐IGZO based devices are all dependent on the solid‐state ligand exchange, and are troubled by problems such as poor repeatability, poor air stability, and negative influence on the transfer characteristic curve. In this article, for the first time, optimized high‐quality PbI2 capped PbS QDs films prepared by the solution‐phase ligand exchange are applied to PbS QDs/a‐IGZO sensitized Photo‐FETs. The device not only gets rid of the tedious layer‐by‐layer deposition, but also exhibits a detectivity of 9.3 × 1012 Jones, a responsivity of 45.3 A W−1 and a decay time of 24.6 ms (@1064 nm, 1.89 mW cm−2). The operation mode of the sensitized device can meet different detection requirements by adjusting gate voltage. Importantly, the responsivity of the unencapsulated PbS‐I based device remained unchanged after six months air exposure, demonstrating excellent air stability.
Intratumoral Lactate Depletion Based on Injectable Nanoparticles−Hydrogel Composite System Synergizes with Immunotherapy against Postablative Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence
Authors: Chen Ye , Bei Jiaxin , Chen Meijuan , Cai Weiguo , Zhou Zhimei , Cai Mingyue , Huang Wensou , Lin Liteng , Guo Yongjian , Liu Mingyu , Huang Xinkun , Xiao Zecong , Xu Zhili , Zhu Kangshun
Published: October 2023

Thermal ablation is a crucial therapeutic modality for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its efficacy is often hindered by the high recurrence rate attributed to insufficient ablation. Furthermore, the residual tumors following insufficient ablation exhibit a more pronounced immunosuppressive state, which accelerates the disease progression and leads to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) resistance. Herein, evidence is presented that heightened intratumoral lactate accumulation, stemming from the augmented glycolytic activity of postablative residual HCC cells, may serve as a crucial driving force in exacerbating the immunosuppressive state of the tumor microenvironment (TME). To address this, an injectable nanoparticles‐hydrogel composite system (LOX‐MnO2@Gel) is designed that gradually releases lactate oxidase (LOX)‐loaded hollow mesoporous MnO2 nanoparticles at the tumor site to continuously deplete intratumoral lactate via a cascade catalytic reaction. Using subcutaneous and orthotopic HCC tumor‐bearing mouse models, it is confirmed that LOX‐MnO2@Gel‐mediated local lactate depletion can transform the immunosuppressive postablative TME into an immunocompetent one and synergizes with ICB therapy to significantly inhibit residual HCC growth and lung metastasis, thereby prolonging the survival of mice postablation. The work proposes an appealing strategy for synergistically combining antitumor metabolic therapy with immunotherapy to combat postablative HCC recurrence.
Polypeptoids: Exploring the Power of Sequence Control in a Photoresist for Extreme‐Ultraviolet Lithography
Authors: Käfer Florian , Wang Chaoqiuyu , Huang Yuming , Bard Francesca , Segalman Rachel , Ober Christopher K.
Published: October 2023

A new type of a positive tone chemically amplified photoresist based on well‐defined, sequence‐controlled polypeptoids with ten repeat‐units are synthesized and their potential for extreme‐UV lithography (EUVL) is demonstrated, resulting in line‐space patterns of 70 nm pitch. The synthesized samples contain 4‐(ethyl) phenol (Eph) and propyne (Ppy) side chains, while their change in solubility upon exposure is induced by the deprotection of 4‐(ethyl) phenol side groups. The resist performance is evaluated using deep UV and extreme‐UV lithography. While all samples are developable in isopropyl alcohol, the content, and the sequence of hydrophobic alkyne side chains lead to a detectable change in solubility, dissolution rate, and resist performance.
Guided‐Wave‐Excited Metasurface with Phase Modulation for Multichannel OAM Vortex Beams Generation and Switching
Authors: Peng Shuang , Yang Fei , Liu Chen Xi , Ma Jie , Fu Xiao Jian , Xie Ya Ting , Li Su Rui , Zhou Yun Fei , Yu Qian
Published: October 2023

Multichannel orbital angular momentum (OAM) generation based on metasurfaces has brought significant advancements in expanding communication capacity. However, the realization of truly integrated optics is still challenging and important aspects such as beam scanning and rapid electronic switching among OAM channels, which are crucial for broad‐area communication coverage, have received little attention until now. Herein, a novel concept for multichannel OAM vortex beams generation and switching is proposed, realized by a guided‐wave‐excited metasurface (GWEM) in conjunction with a single pole five throws (SP5T) RF switch. A holography‐based theory is developed and employed to complete the array synthesis and analysis procedure without the need for a 2π phase modulation. As a proof of concept, a prototype of the GWEM is experimentally demonstrated with high qualities, including the generation of five channels of OAM vortex beams with a scanning range of ±35° in the elevation plane, a measured OAM mode purity of up to 84.5%, and consistent maintenance of the topological charge l = 2 state from 25 to 27 GHz. The proposed strategy features cost‐effectiveness, compactness, and fast nanosecond‐scale electronic switching for multichannel OAM vortex beams, making it highly applicable in space‐limited automotive radar, imaging, and communication systems.
Engineering the Infrared Optical Response of Plasmonic Structures with ϵ‐Near‐Zero III‐V Semiconductors
Authors: Fehlen Pierre , Guise Julien , Thomas Guillaume , Gonzalez‐Posada Fernando , Loren Patricia , Cerutti Laurent , Rodriguez Jean‐Baptiste , Spitzer Denis , Taliercio Thierry
Published: October 2023

The pursuit for enhanced light‐matter interactions using ever more suitable plasmonic materials has led to the development of novel bulk materials, such as ϵ‐near‐zero (ENZ) media. The ability to control the free carrier density gives semiconductors a significant advantage over traditionally used noble metals and phonon‐based materials as ENZ media for infrared applications. A metal‐ENZ‐metal structure is designed of epitaxially‐grown III‐V semiconductors and patterned into nanoantennas by electron‐beam lithography (from 200 up to 1800 nm) and demonstrates plasmonic resonances tuned from the terahertz up to the near‐infrared, according to the ENZ doping level (1 × 1016, 1 × 1019, and 2 × 1019 cm‐3). Experimental results, corroborated by numerical simulations, show that the designed metal‐ENZ‐metal structure is a promising vehicle to provide additional insights regarding ENZ‐based phenomena including the resonance pinning, the near‐constant phase, and the dispersive nature of ENZ materials. It is believed that III‐V semiconductors within a metal‐ENZ‐metal structure address the problem of weak light‐matter interactions and shall greatly benefit infrared applications, e.g., sensing and communication, as they can be engineered to take advantage of both plasmon and ENZ effects and integrated onto modern photonics devices.
Bioinspired Fe(II)‐Mediated Halogenative C−C Bond Activation of Ozonides: Temporary Installment of a Peroxide Bridge Allows Selective C−C Scissions for Replacement of a Carbonyl Group by a Halogen
Authors: Yaremenko Ivan A. , Belyakova Yulia Yu. , Demina Arina A. , Radulov Peter S. , Alabugin Igor V. , Terent'ev Alexander O.
Published: October 2023

A selective reaction of bridged ozonides with Fe(II) salts proceeds through the sequence of O−O, C−C scissions and halogenation to form α‐halogen substituted δ‐ketoesters and δ‐diketones in 15–72% yields. The overall sequence shows how a temporary installation of a peroxide functionality can be used to replace the acyl group within an acetoacetic ester unit with a halogen.
Exosomal mRNAs for Angiogenic–Osteogenic Coupled Bone Repair
Authors: Ma Yifan , Sun Lili , Zhang Jingjing , Chiang Chi‐ling , Pan Junjie , Wang Xinyu , Kwak Kwang Joo , Li Hong , Zhao Renliang , Rima Xilal Y. , Zhang Chi , Zhang Anan , Liu Yutong , He Zirui , Hansford Derek , Reategui Eduardo , Liu Changsheng , Lee Andrew S. , Yuan Yuan , Lee Ly James
Published: October 2023

Regenerative medicine in tissue engineering often relies on stem cells and specific growth factors at a supraphysiological dose. These approaches are costly and may cause severe side effects. Herein, therapeutic small extracellular vesicles (t‐sEVs) endogenously loaded with a cocktail of human vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A) and human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2) mRNAs within a customized injectable PEGylated poly (glycerol sebacate) acrylate (PEGS‐A) hydrogel for bone regeneration in rats with challenging femur critical‐size defects are introduced. Abundant t‐sEVs are produced by a facile cellular nanoelectroporation system based on a commercially available track‐etched membrane (TM‐nanoEP) to deliver plasmid DNAs to human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAdMSCs). Upregulated microRNAs associated with the therapeutic mRNAs are enriched in t‐sEVs for enhanced angiogenic–osteogenic regeneration. Localized and controlled release of t‐sEVs within the PEGS‐A hydrogel leads to the retention of therapeutics in the defect site for highly efficient bone regeneration with minimal low accumulation in other organs.
Oxygen Vacancies Mediated Co‐Sputtered Ti‐Doped BiVO4Thin Films‐Based Transparent Photovoltaic Device
Authors: Ghosh Shuvaraj , Patel Malkeshkumar , Choi Hyeon‐Gyu , Youn Sung‐Min , Jeong Chaehwan , Kim Joondong
Published: October 2023

BiVO4, a narrow bandgap material (2.5 eV), has been widely explored for photocatalytic applications, but its applications in the optoelectronic field are unexplored. This work explores BiVO4for photovoltaic devices using the oxygen vacancies mediated co‐sputtered Ti‐doped BiVO4(Ti:BiVO4) that exhibits on‐site power production by photovoltaics and see‐through features. The structural, chemical, and optical properties of Ti:BiVO4 are investigated for heterojunction formation with p‐type NiO film. The sputtering power of Ti plays a significant role in improving the light absorption capability by increasing oxygen vacancy concentration, enhancing the device performance. The devices show an open‐circuit voltage value of 676 mV and a short‐circuit current density value of 4.83 mA cm−2with a maximum power production value of 122.2 µW under UV illumination of intensity 53.1 mW cm−2. The obtained device performances correlate with the Ti dopant's deposition power that tunes the structural and optical properties of BiVO4films. Moreover, in self‐powered mode, the fabricated devices show a fast photoresponse speed of 0.8 ms with a high detectivity value of 2.22 × 1012Jones. This work establishes the suitability of co‐sputtered Ti:BiVO4for the next generation of transparent self‐powered optoelectronic devices.
Surfactant‐modified electrode–electrolyte interface for steering CO2 electrolysis on Cu electrodes
Authors: Dong Lei , Ge Wangxin , Fan Yu , Zhang Wenfei , Jiang Hongliang , Zhao Yongqing , Li Chunzhong
Published: October 2023

Cu‐based catalysts exhibit the unique ability to generate high‐order products from electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). The performance of electrochemical systems is jointly influenced by the catalysts and local microenvironment of the electrode–electrolyte interface. Here, Cu nanowires as a model catalyst, in combination with cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as electrolyte additives, are designed to steer CO2RR. By using the Cu rotating disc electrode and in situ vibrational spectroscopy, it is revealed that the hydrophobic interface microenvironment is built, and the interaction of interfacial water and surface‐adsorbed CO is disrupted by CTAB, which dramatically improve formate selectivity (from 5% to 63%) with a high partial current density of formate (13‐fold increase) at −1.0 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode. The understanding of the surfactant‐modified electrode–electrolyte interface established here offers a distinct perspective to control the microenvironment on promoting electrosynthesis performance.
Scalable Synthesis and Electrocatalytic Performance of Highly Fluorinated Covalent Organic Frameworks for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Martínez‐Fernández Marcos , Martínez‐Periñán Emiliano , de la Peña Ruigómez Alejandro , Cabrera‐Trujillo Jorge J. , Navarro Jorge A. R. , Aguilar‐Galindo Fernando , Rodríguez‐San‐Miguel David , Ramos Mar , Vismara Rebecca , Zamora Félix , Lorenzo Encarnación , Segura José L.
Published: October 2023

In this study, we present a novel approach for the synthesis of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) that overcomes the common limitations of non‐scalable solvothermal procedures. Our method allows for the room‐temperature and scalable synthesis of a highly fluorinated DFTAPB‐TFTA‐COF, which exhibits intrinsic hydrophobicity. We used DFT‐based calculations to elucidate the role of the fluorine atoms in enhancing the crystallinity of the material through corrugation effects, resulting in maximized interlayer interactions, as disclosed both from PXRD structural resolution and theoretical simulations. We further investigated the electrocatalytic properties of this material towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Our results show that the fluorinated COF produces hydrogen peroxide selectively with low overpotential (0.062 V) and high turnover frequency (0.0757 s−1) without the addition of any conductive additives. These values are among the best reported for non‐pyrolyzed and metal‐free electrocatalysts. Finally, we employed DFT‐based calculations to analyse the reaction mechanism, highlighting the crucial role of the fluorine atom in the active site assembly. Our findings shed light on the potential of fluorinated COFs as promising electrocatalysts for the ORR, as well as their potential applications in other fields.