bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CURRENT TRENDS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL E-COMMERCE IN SOCIAL NETWORKS
Authors:   University of Customs and Finance, Razinkova Mila , Trudova Marina ,   University of Customs and Finance, Kuzemko Ksenia ,   University of Customs and Finance
Published: May 2022

Trends of the development of international e-commerce in social networks have been examined in the article. The factors which influence the international e-commerce market as the element of market infrastructure in the digitalized business environment have been identified. The various scientific points of view on the interpretation of the category “international e-commerce” in the narrow and broad sense have been systematized. It has been determined that international e-commerce is the basic and effective tool for promoting business in social networks. It has been shown that the volume of international e-commerce in the global business environment is growing dynamically. It has been established that the expansion of the World Wide Web has made international e-commerce accessible to all people. It has been established that the development of the world e-commerce market is faster than the development of the real sector of the economy. It has been investigated that buying goods and services online became a common practice for many people around the world. Comparison of the three main e-commerce markets – United States, China and Europe has been made. The dynamics of the global digital population growth in the world has been studied. The number of active Internet users has been analyzed. The rating of the ten largest countries and e-commerce markets in the world has been presented. Interpretation of the essence of the concept of “international electronic commerce in social networks” has been given. The dynamics of the number of active users of social networks in the world has been given. The rating on activity of users of social networks has been presented. The basic opportunities of international e-commerce in the global business environment have been identified. The main ways of doing business through social networks have been identified. The directions of international e-commerce in social networks have been singled out. The main advantages of international e-commerce in social networks have been outlined (relative lightness of forming the potential target audience for further trade; wide opportunities are providing for effective presentation of information on goods (products, services) for their potential consumers; relative lightness of communication with potential customers).
DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONNEL AND PERSONNEL POTENTIAL AS ELEMENTS OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE BUSINESS ENTETY
Authors:   Bohdan Khmelnytsjyi National University of Cherkasy, Zachosova N.V. , Koval O.V. ,   Bohdan Khmelnytsjyi National University of Cherkasy, Baiker M.V. ,   Bohdan Khmelnytsjyi National University of Cherkasy
Published: May 2022

The urgency of the study is due to the rapid spread of Industry 4.0 trends, including total digitalization of business processes, their automation, and removal of employees from their traditional functions and their transfer to the implementation of artificial intelligence. Such trends create new and increase traditional threats to the financial and economic security of enterprises. At the same time, the new roles to be performed by the staff are not without risks for the normal functioning and development of economic entities in the future, which necessitates the study of security-oriented strategic management with close attention to human resources of business structures. According to the results of the study, the problems that arise in the process of personnel management in the conditions of Industry 4.0 and the risks they create for the state of financial and economic security of the enterprise are identified. It is revealed how the personnel potential influences the strategic orientations of the business structure. It has been established that staff development can improve the financial and economic security of an entity. The bases of formation of strategy of management of financial and economic security of the enterprise – strategy of maximization of personnel potential within the limits of strategic security oriented management are offered. The use of the proposed approaches in practice will increase the level of financial and economic security of the enterprise in the context of the spread of trends in Industry 4.0, partial or full automation of business processes and work in the digital space. Its essence is to achieve the highest possible level of financial and economic security and protection of corporate resources from existing, expected and unforeseen risks and threats by forming a catalog of staff actions in different situations, as well as prior training of employees to raise awareness of their role in financial and economic security and development of professional competencies adapted to the conditions of work in the digital environment and taking into account the full or partial automation of business processes.
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS OF THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENTERPRISE ON ITS ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY
Authors:   State University of Intellectual Technologies and Communications, Birbirenko Svitlana , Stankevych Iryna ,   State University of Intellectual Technologies and Communications, Banket Natalia ,   State University of Intellectual Technologies and Communications
Published: May 2022

The article identifies the need for timely and objective assessment of the impact (risks) of the external environment of the telecommunications company in order to make strategic management decisions to ensure its proper economic stability. An integrated indicator for assessing the degree of impact of external risks of a telecommunications enterprise on the level of its economic stability is proposed. Interpretation of the level of impact of external risks of the telecommunications company on its economic stability is proposed to be based on the Harrington scale. The method of macro-environmental assessment is used – PEST-analysis, which is carried out using the expert method. The experts were tasked to assess the level of impact and probability of various environmental risks on the telecommunications company. In the process of assessing the impact of socio-political, economic, scientific, technological and socio-demographic environment on the level of economic stability of the telecommunications company to determine the probability of their occurrence, the overall integrated indicator of environmental risk assessment of the telecommunications company. It is established that the risks of the external environment have a significant impact on the economic stability of the telecommunications company, the level of impact on the verge of high and risky. It is determined that the crisis situation, which has developed not only in Ukraine but also around the world due to the spread of coronavirus infection COVID-19, strongly hinders the development of the national economy, despite the fact that relative investment activity, opportunities for issuance legal capacity of current legislation. Currently, there are negative effects of risks and uncertainties on the level of economic stability of all domestic enterprises, including telecommunications, due to deteriorating political conditions, as the existence of objective economic laws is possible only in conditions of political stability. Prospects for further research are to substantiate the concept of strategic management of economic stability of a telecommunications company that operates in today's crisis.
THE INFLUENCE OF MONETARY POLICY ON THE FORMATION OF MONETARY SECURITY OF THE STATE
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Myskiv Galyna , Vinichuk Maria ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: May 2022

Monetary policy is an important tool for ensuring economic and financial security of the state and has a strong influence on the national economic processes, which necessitates its study in the context of security. The development and implementation of effective monetary policy is an effective means of regulating the sphere of money circulation and credit relations, stabilization of the national currency to curb inflation, balancing the balance of payments and stabilization economic growth. Effective monetary policy minimizes and counteracts monetary threats, which allows to ensure a sufficient level of monetary security of Ukraine as a component of financial security. The aim of the article is to investigate the current impact of the NBU's monetary policy on the formation of monetary security of the state, given that the economic crises in Ukraine were of financial origin and monetary nature. The authors investigated that the achievement and provision of monetary security in the country depends on monetary policy. At the same time, the financial and monetary spheres are constantly generating challenges and threats that can turn into risks to the monetary security of the state. Therefore, it is important to study the sequence of measures to increase the effectiveness of the NBU's monetary policy and its impact on the monetary security of the state, in order to counter monetary risks and threats. In the article the authors presented the scheme of sequence of monetary policy formation in the context of monetary security, through a set of actions to identify monetary risks and threats, diagnose the level of monetary security and ensure the optimal level of monetary security. The main monetary measures to strengthen monetary security should be to strengthen coordination between fiscal and monetary policy; adherence to tight monetary policy in crisis conditions; increasing trust to the banking system. The authors concluded that there is a close relationship between the implementation of monetary policy and monetary security of the state. Only a clear, consistent and effective monetary policy can minimize monetary risks and threats, which in turn provides a sufficient level of monetary security
THEORETICAL FEATURES OF AUDIT AS A REGULATED MEANS OF FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
Authors:   The National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine, Shapoval Оlena , Kramarenko Katerina ,   The National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine
Published: May 2022

This article considers the theoretical features of audit as a regulated means of financial and economic activities. The factors that ensure the reliability of information about the financial condition and performance of economic entities, namely the validity of the formation and sequence of application of accounting policies, which determines the importance of implementing control and analytical capabilities of accounting, economic analysis and audit. The concepts of "audit" and four main approaches to the development of audit methodology are defined. Specific methods and techniques used in the audit process are discussed in detail. The methods of conducting the audit, such as continuous, selective, combined, documentary and factual inspections, are provided and thoroughly described. Suggestions for a detailed verification of the reflection in the accounting of turnover and account balance are provided. Currently, in the theory and practice of audit, the most pressing issues are to ensure the quality of audit services. Despite numerous developments in the main provisions of the audit, it should be noted that the relationship between the information presented in the financial (accounting) statements and accounting policies, which meet the requirements of timely formation of economic information, its reliability, accessibility and usefulness to users. In addition, due attention is not paid to the sectoral specifics of the activities of audited persons. The method of audit allows you to organize a quality audit at the optimal cost and time to conduct it. This technique is a trade secret of the audit organization, so this issue is not disclosed in foreign literature. The methodology of a particular audit is also influenced by the qualifications of the auditor, work experience, the degree of detail of internal standards, and so on. The scientific principles of preparation of financial statements in accordance with international standards of financial reporting and its audit are constantly evolving, as the regulatory framework for accounting and auditing changes. The current dynamic stage of improving accounting, financial reporting and auditing in our country requires a fuller adaptation of international standards of financial reporting and auditing to the specifics of various domestic economic entities.
PECULIARITIES OF LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF AMALGAMATED HROMADAS (UNITED TERITORIAL COMMUNITIES)
Authors:   Mariupol State University, Petryk Iryna , Gorobets Katerina ,   Mariupol State University, Datsenko Maria ,   Mariupol State University
Published: May 2022

The article examines the features of local economic development of united territorial communities, in particular in developed countries. It is established that local economic development has passed certain stages of formation, they are characterized. The evolution of local economic development shows that the development of communities should be aimed at achieving sustainability – the balance of the three components of economic, social and environmental. The authors note that under the influence of globalization factors, the formation of local economic development is still taking place. Approaches to determining local economic development are analyzed. The characteristic features of local economic development are highlighted: dynamic process, not state; it takes into account the principle of partnership between government, community and business structures; depends on the activities of the community (or several communities) united one goal; the driving force of community development is the economy; the goal of local economic development is to meet the existing urgent needs of the community, as well as to increase the level and quality of its life, etc. The peculiarities of the modern model of local economic growth in the developed countries of the world are studied. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the modern model of local economic development is based on the relationship and interaction of knowledge and intelligence capital, linking a triad of concepts such as «globalization-innovation-competitiveness». The authors argue that the main goals of local development are the preservation and further expansion of local enterprises, creating favorable conditions for investment, innovation, human resources and human capital, the formation of cash flows in the community and more. The complexity and diversity of local economic development is due to the fact that this process requires a large number of specialists from different spheres, to promote consensus on issues in dialogue with them, to take into account their views in decision-making on territorial community development. It is established that in the context of globalization, each community must build its own flexible development strategy using effective tools and mechanisms of influence.
Gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary manifestations of COVID-19 in children: A Review
Authors: Benzamin Md , Sayeed Marimuna , Alam Md Shafiul , Rana Masud , Aishy Aisharza Sultana
Published: May 2022

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) is shaking the world heavily. SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) infection has a wide variety of presentations as it affects almost every system of body. Gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary symptoms are frequently overlooked especially in children.
Objectives: The purpose of this review was to discuss the gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary presentations of COVID-19 in children and compare with non-gastrointestinal presentations.
Methods: This study was a narrative review. Recent available literature was searched by keywords. The most recent information from relevant articles were collected and reviewed. This write up was compiled after the review of articles from the last one and half year.
Results: About 50.0% symptomatic children with COVID-19 had gastrointestinal manifestations. COVID-19 with gastrointestinal symptoms had delayed diagnosis, delayed hospitalization and worse outcome in compare with Covid-19 with non-gastrointestinal symptoms.
Conclusion: Vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea are common gastrointestinal manifestations in children with COVID-19. Elevated transaminasemia is not uncommon.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 3-8
Evaluation of Serum Vitamin D in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Afroz Sharmin , Begum Shelina , Shahjadi Shorifa , Siddiqi Umme Raihan , Mahruba Nusrat
Published: May 2022

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that may cause lifelong disability. The aetiology of ASD involves gene-environmental interaction. Vitamin D plays an important role in brain development and maturation.
Objective: This study was aimed to compare serum vitamin D in children with autism spectrum disorder with that of the healthy control.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka. Blood sample from 50 diagnosed children with ASD and 50 apparently healthy children among 3 to 10 years age group, were tested for serum 25(OH) D. To assess the association independent t test and chi square test were done by using SPSS.
Results: The mean serum vitamin D levels of both the groups were lower than the normal reference value. Again, the mean serum vitamin D was lower in ASD compared to that of control, but the difference was statistically non-significant. Among ASD children, 38.0% had deficient, 42.0% had insufficient and 20.0% had sufficient serum vitamin D. Among healthy children, 36.0% had deficient, 30.0% had insufficient and 34.0% had sufficient serum vitamin D level. However, vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was not associated with ASD.
Conclusion: It may be concluded that, vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in Bangladesh among both ASD children and apparently healthy control and the mean serum vitamin D was lower in ASD children compared to that of healthy control, but the difference was statistically non-significant. Therefore, for proper growth and development more outdoor activity and adequate dietary intake of vitamin D rich food are recommended to overcome the situation.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 29-33
Hospital Seroprevalence of Dengue Virus Infection among Adults of Urban Dhaka
Authors: Hoque Mohammad Mahfuzul , Amin Md Robed , Biswas Sarmistha , Islam Mohammad Rafiqul
Published: May 2022

Background: Global incidence of dengue has increased dramatically over the last few decades. In Bangladesh, there is a high transmission of Dengue in urban and peri-urban areas of Dhaka and other major cities. Seasonal variation, improper surveillance, underreporting of dengue infection have made difficult to estimate disease burden of dengue.
Objective: This study was aimed to observe the rate of seropositivity by ELISA for Dengue IgG patients presenting to hospital.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study done in seven medical college hospital in urban Dhaka from January 2018 to March 2018. A small amount of blood was taken obtaining informed written consent in patients selected by purposive sampling during presenting to hospitals and a pre-tested questionnaire was fill to gather socio-demographic and relevant epidemiological data. Results: A total of 695 patients were included in this study with a mean age 34.9±16.49. Dengue IgG was positive in 349 (51.2%), positivity was found highest (70%) in Shahabuddin Medical College Hospital and lowest (25%) in Uttara Adhunik Medical College. Dengue IgG positive patients were more literate (82% vs 74.2%), more from urban setting (51.2% vs 41.8%), had more monthly income, had more garden (26.8% vs 23.3%) and stagnant water (25.5% vs 23%) in comparison to IgG negative patients.
Conclusion: This study revealed that high seroprevalence posing risk to develop severe dengue and indicating high disease burden which warranted large scale well design population-based study.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 17-22
Distribution of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Genes among Clinical Isolates
Authors: Johora Fatima Tuj , Rizvi SM Shahriar , Rahman Irin , Jahan Nusrat , Khatun Sumaiya , Miah Ruhul Amin
Published: May 2022

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen which produces numerous numbers of toxins including enterotoxins those cause many diseases in both human and animal. It is very important to know the extent of distribution of these toxins, as they are concern of public health problems including food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome.
Objective: This study was conducted to estimate the distribution of enterotoxin genes among the clinical isolates of the Staphylococcus aureus by multiplex PCR.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology& Immunology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka during the period from March 2014 to February 2015. A total 125 isolates of S. aureus from different clinical specimens were identified by standard microbiological methods. Multiplex PCR assay was performed by using standard protocol with specific primers to detect genes for staphylococcal enterotoxins A to E (sea, seb, sec, sed and see) from identified S. aureus isolates.
Results: Out of 125 S. aureus isolates, 63 (50.4%) were enterotoxin genes positive in which the predominant gene was sec, which was present in 36% of tested S. aureus isolates followed by sea (17.6%) and see (13.6%). Multiple enterotoxin genes combination was common in S. aureus isolates and the predominant combination was sea+sec genes. Out of 76 Staphylococcus aureus isolated from indoor patients, 45 (59.2%) were positive for enterotoxin genes which were higher than outdoor patients 18 (36.7%).
Conclusion: The enterotoxin genes are frequently present in S. aureus isolates. The most frequent gene is sec followed by sea and see. Moreover, multiple genes are more commonly present in S. aureus strains which support the strong virulent potential of these strains.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 90-97
Association of Maternal Risk Factors with Birth Weight of Newborn in a Tertiary Level Hospital in Dhaka City
Authors: Siddika Ayesha , Yasmin Nahid , Hossain Mohammad Monir , Nabi Shah Golam , Mustafa Fahmida Naz
Published: May 2022

Background: Lowbirthweight(LBW)contributes substantially to neonatal, infant, and childhood mortality and morbidity. Several maternal factors contribute to the incidence of LBW, majority of which are biologically and socially interrelated, are modifiable; making LBW a potentially preventable condition.
Objective: To evaluate the association of maternal risk factors with birth weight of newborn. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in Mugda medical college, Dhaka, a government health center of Bangladesh, from January 2019 to 30 June 2019. A total of 180 recently delivered pregnant mother were included in this study and categorized into two groups: Group A- 90 mother who had given birth of low birth weight baby, and Group B- another 90 mother who delivered normal birth weight baby.Face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire and a review of medical records were carried out. Statistical analyses of the results were obtained by using window-based computer software devised with SPSS version 23.
Results: Highest percentage of patients from both group A and B were belonged to 20 - 34 years of age (62.2% and 81.1% respectively) and para £3 (76.7% and 88.8% respectively) with significant odds ratio for delivering low birth weight baby at advanced maternal age (³35 years) (OR=2.14, p value 0.037) and high parity (para >3) (OR=2.44, p value 0.03).Majority mothers from group A had hypertension (58.9%) whereas 90% mothers from group B were normotensive with significant odds ratio (OR= 12.89, p value <0.001) as risk factor for predicting low birth weight baby. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that gestational hypertension was the most powerful independent risk factor (OR= 12.72, p value <0.001) for delivering LBW baby compared to age ³35 years (OR= 0.757, p value .717) and parity >3 (OR= 2.66, p value 0.257).
Conclusion: Gestational hypertension, advanced maternal age and high parity are the significant risk factors for delivering LBW baby. However, further larger multicenter study is recommended.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 50-56
Mind-set of Recent Medical Graduates: A Channel for Teaching Medical Ethics and Professionalism in Bangladesh
Authors: Jahan Sharmin , Flora Meerjady Sabrina
Published: May 2022

Background: The medical ethics and professionalism teaching have an influence on knowledge, attitude and skills of physicians. The scope of learning medical ethics and professionalism is limited in Curriculum for Medical Education in Bangladesh. There is an unhealthy situation in physician-patient relationship as a consequence of this limitation.
Objectives: This study was aimed to assess attitude of recent medical graduates towards medical ethics and professionalism. The findings of this study might be helpful to strengthen medical ethics and professionalism in the medical education.
Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on recent medical graduates of seven medical colleges under four universities in Bangladesh from January 2018 to June 2019. Data were collected using a pretested self administered semi-structured questionnaire, based on attitude measuring scale regarding medical ethics and professionalism.
Results: Attitude scores of 308 recent medical graduates were in ethical conduct, autonomy, information of wrong doing during treatment, confidentiality, informed consent, sharing the condition of patient to close relatives, paternalism, treating of violent patient, abortion, euthanasia, religious beliefs influencing the choice of treatment, physician-patient relationship, informed decision making, continued medical education and role of pharmaceutical representative were assessed. The average scores were ranging from 2.1 to 4.2; with maximum clustering around score ‘3’ or “not sure”. Majority of the study population thought that the current standard of ethics practice was lower than expectation (59.1%) and should give more attention (76.6%) than the present. Furthermore, most of them (85.4%) felt a need for a separate module on medical ethics and professionalism in undergraduate medical curriculum.
Conclusion: The recent medical graduates showed a positive attitude towards medical ethics and professionalism. So, a favourable environment was observed for learning medical ethics and professionalism. Thus, to strengthening of medical ethics and professionalism in medical education curricula is suggested.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 57-61
Knowledge of Essential Newborn Care Among Rural Mothers
Authors: Begum Mst Beauty , Halim Kazi Shafiqul , Hossain Farzana
Published: May 2022

Background: Components of essential newborn care and neonatal resuscitation are proven interventions for reducing neonatal mortality and stillbirth. Objective: To assess the level of knowledge of essential newborn care among the rural mothers.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out during January - December 2019 in Panchagarh district of the Rangpur division in Northern Bangladesh. A total of 354 rural postnatal mothers were purposively selected for the study. Rural mothers were interviewed with a semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire.
Results: The mean age of the mothers was 22.1±3.2 years where 33.1% were illiterate and 83.3% were house wives. Majority of the mothers (76.3%) had taken antenatal care visit,48.3% delivered their children at home, 70.9% had normal delivery and 56.5%had taken postnatal care. Only few mothers (11.0%) knew about kangaroo cares, 83.9%mothers did not know that baby should be given first bath after 24 hours of birth, 26.3%mothers knew that the umbilical stump of baby should not be covered a cloth/bandage. Majority of the mothers (57.1 %) knew that one should start breast feeding immediately after birth and 62.4 %mothers knew that one should start vaccination just after birth. Less than half of the mothers (41.2 %) knew that one should not use any substance like Kajol to eyes. Majority of the mothers (59.3%) had inadequate knowledge regarding ENC while 40.7% had adequate knowledge. Literate mothers involved in job, family members <6 with monthly family income > 20,000 taka had significantly more adequate knowledge than others (p<0.001). Again, mothers who took ANC, delivered their babies at private hospitals, underwent cesarean section and took postnatal care had significantly more adequate knowledge than others (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Majority of the mothers had inadequate knowledge regarding essential new born care. Health education and behavioral change communications on essential newborn care are recommended. Health workers should give special emphasis on thermal care by Kangaroo care, naval care and early breast feeding.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 34-41
Preventive Behaviour of Adults and Its Predictors in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic in Rural Bangladesh: Findings from a Community Survey
Authors: Alam Md Ashraful , Haque Md Nazmul , Saha Shuvashis , Haque Halima Sultana , Clara Afrin Ahmed , Sultana Yesmin
Published: May 2022

Background: Bangladesh with its large population is highly vulnerable to the devastating blows of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and rural people are more at risks due to demographic characteristics and unequal health facilities. Currently, focuses are more on testing and clinical management of COVID-19 but initiatives or innovations on behavioural changes are almost unseen to prevent the spread of the disease which is more urgent until getting specific treatment or vaccine.
Objective: The study was aimed to determine significant predictors in the preventive health practices during COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: The study was conducted among 810 rural adults of Bangladesh in 2020. Multistage sampling method was done and data were collected through face-to-face interview using a pretested questionnaire. Significant factors of COVID-19 prevention behaviour were determined through hierarchical regression and path relationships were explained through causal model.
Results: Almost half of the rural adults showed poor COVID-19 prevention behaviour during the pandemic crisis. Poor knowledge and attitude regarding COVID-19 prevention were also common scenarios in rural areas. Majority of the rural adults were not well motivated and lack of seriousness made them more vulnerable for COVID-19. Socio-demographic and regional variation showed significance predicting health practices of rural adults regarding COVID-19 prevention. Information, attitude, motivation and intention were also found significant in hierarchical regression to predict the outcome. The causal model of preventive health behaviour was justified through all the significant direct and indirect path relationships (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Socio-economic disparity should be reduced for behavioural changes of rural adults to ensure healthy practices during the pandemic. This study has great implications regarding designing health programs by emphasizing significant predictors to improve community behaviour to prevent the spread of coronavirus.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 9-16
Diagnostic value of serum adenosine deaminase in tuberculous lymphadenitis
Authors: Adhikari Mihir Kanti , Arafat Shohael Mahmud , Ananna Mehruba Alam , Rahman Md Atikur , Imam Hasan , Mohaimenul Haq Shah Mohammad
Published: May 2022

Background: Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis often requires FNAC or biopsy of lymph node to reach a final diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis, which is invasive, expensive, and needs an advanced setting. Estimation of adenosine deaminase (ADA) in different body fluid and serum has been suggested as a quick, cheap, and reliable test for tuberculosis.
Objective: The study was intended to assess the usefulness of serum ADA in the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study, conducted in BSMMU over a two year period and included 68 participants, divided equally into two group e.g. tuberculous lymphadenitis and a healthy comparison group. As tuberculous lymphadenitis, only newly diagnosed cases, labeled on the basis of histopathological findings of epithelioid granuloma with caseation necrosis were included. Serum ADA concentrations were estimated by enzymatic method and compared between groups.
Results: The mean serum ADA concentration was found to be 25.52±7.11 U/L in tuberculous lymphadenitis group, which was significantly higher (p=0.000) than that of the healthy comparison group (14.82±3.85 U/L). Three different cut-off values of serum ADA (18.25 U/L, 20.45 U/L, 22.15 U/L) were used to determine the best predictive value for the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis. Sensitivity and specificity of these cut off values were 91.2% and 82.4%, 79.4% and 88.2%, 67.6% and 97.1% respectively.
Conclusion: It is clearly denoted by the study that, tuberculous lymphadenitis patients has significant higher serum ADA then the healthy comparison group. This result indicates that serum ADA can be used as a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis with conventional investigations.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 151-155
Relationship of lung function with homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folic acid level in metabolic syndrome
Authors: Nurjahan Fatema , Shumi Mahfuja Begum , Begum Shelina
Published: May 2022

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex metabolic disorder and with debilitating effects on many organs including lung function impairment. Hyperhomocysteinaemia is caused by nutritional deficiency of vitamin B12 and folic acid can increase this risk further. Both the metabolic syndrome and hyperhomocysteinaemia adversely affect the lung function. But no study was found in Bangladeshi MetS in this regard.
Objective: To assess the relationship of lung function with serum homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folic acid level in metabolic syndrome.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from November, 2019 to April, 2020. A total of 60 female subjects were selected with the age ranging from 25-45 year by purposive sampling. Among them 30 metabolic syndrome patients were included in the study group (group A) and 30 age and sex matched apparently healthy subjects constituted comparison group (group B). Serum homocysteine, vitamin B12, folic acid and other biochemical parameters and the lung function of all subjects were assessed. Data were expressed as mean±SD. Spirometric measures were expressed as percent of predicted value. Statistical analysis was done by Independent sample ‘t’ test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient test.
Results: In this study, the mean percentage of predicted value of FVC, FEV1 and, PEFR were significantly lower (p<0.001) in group A than those of group B. The mean serum homocysteine level was higher and vitamin B12 and folic acid level were lower in metabolic syndrome patients compared to comparison group and the difference was statistically significant only for homocysteine (p<0.05). In addition, the FVC and FEV1 were significantly negatively correlated (p<0.05) with serum homocysteine and FVC was significantly positively correlated (p<0.05) with serum folic acid level in group A.
Conclusion: The present study reveals that impairment of lung function is related to higher level of homocysteine and lower level of folic acid in metabolic syndrome.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 175-180
Frequency of G-Globin Promoter -158(C>T) Xmnl polymorphism and its correlation with Beta thalassaemia mutations in Bangladeshi population
Authors: A Khan Waqar , Banu Bilquis , Aziz Md. Abdul , Sadiya Salma , Hossain Md. Belayet , Selimuzzaman Md
Published: May 2022

Background: In Bangladesh, more than 14000 children on are born annually with in thalassaemia – a common congenital disease Hb E trait is 6.1%. Hb E beta thalassaemia is the most common type of thalassaemia, followed by Beta thalassaemia major.
Objectives: To determine the frequency of Xmn1 polymorphism and its association with Beta thalassaemia mutations.
Methods: A total of one hundred and four Bangladeshi thalassaemia patients were analysed. Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS) was utilized for Beta thalassaemia mutations and digestion of the PCR product using Xmn1 restriction enzyme Pdml for Xmn1 polymorphism.
Results: Xmn1 polymorphism was detected in seventy patients of which 60(57.69%) were heterozygous for Xmn1 polymorphism and seventeen (16.35%) were homozygous. The most common genotype found was heterozygous Xmn1(-/+)seen in 57.70%. The age of presentation of thalassaemic patients was delayed in those who had Xm1 polymorphism.The mean age of presentation of Hb E beta thalassaemia was 13.35 years having homozygous Xm1 polymorphism,7.21 years in heterozygous and 6.25 years without Xmn 1 polymorphism. The most common mutation detected was Cd26 (G-A) +IVS 1-5(G-C) in fifty eight patients in which thirty nine (67.24%) were heterozygous for Xmn 1 polymorphism and 8 (13.79%) were homozygous (+/+).The second most common mutation observed was Cd26(G-A)+30(G-C) seen in fourteen patients where 57.14% were homozygous for Xmn 1 polymorphism and 35.71% were heterozygous. In thalassaemia major 9 (90%) were negative for Xmn1 polymorphism. Allele frequency of Xmn 1 polymorphism was 0.45.
Conclusion: The association of Xmn1 polymorphism with two common mutations seen in Hb E beta thalassemia patients may be utilized for hydroxyurea therapy to reduce the requirement of blood transfusion.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 219-224
PELATIHAN PENULISAN PROPOSAL PENELITIAN SKRIPSI BAGI MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INDONESIA FKIP UNIVERSITAS BENGKULU
Authors: Susetyo Susetyo , Sarwono Sarwit
Published: May 2022

Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian (1) memberi pelatihan menulis proposal penelitian skripsi kepada mahasiswa semester VII Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia FKIP Universitas Bengkulu agar memiliki pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang cara menulis proposal penelitian skripsi  dan (2) memberi kemampuan, pemahaman, dan keterampian kepada mahasiswa semester VII Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia FKIP Universitas Bengkulu dalam menulis proposal penelitian skripsi sesuai dengan kaidah penulisan proposal penelitian skripsi yang baik. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada mahasiswa semester VII Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia FKIP Universitas Bengkulu mulai secara daring pada tanggal 2-3 November 2020 di Universitas Bengkulu. Khalayak sasaran yang dilibatkan dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah mahasiswa semester VII Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia FKIP Universitas Bengkulu. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah sosialisasi dan pendampingan. Rancangan evaluasi untuk mengukur kebermanfaatan pelatihan menulis proposal dengan angket dan untuk mengukur kemampuan menulis proposal dengan pemberian tugas menulis proposal penelitian skripsi. Indikator untuk mengukur kebermanfaatan pelatihan penulisan proposal skripsi dan kemampuan mahasiswa menulis proposal penelitian skripsi  dengan mencocokkan tabel rubrik yang berisi tentang kelengkapan dalam penulisan judul, masalah dan rumusan masalah, manfaat penelitian, kerangka teori dan kajian pustaka, dan metodologi penelitian. Hasil capaian pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan menulis proposal penelitian skripsi bermanfaat bagi mahasiswa semester VII Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia FKIP Universitas Bengkulu dan mahasiswa memiliki kemampuan mereka dalam menulis proposal penelitian skripsi dengan baik. Kegiatan pengabdian perlu dilanjutkan dengan pendampingan yang lebih intensif agar mereka lebih mampu dalam menulis proposal pada saat menyusun skripsi yang dibimbing oleh pembimbing utama dan pembimbing pendamping yang telah di-SK-kan oleh Dekan FKIP Universitas Bengkulu
Pelatihan Penggunaan Aplikasi Mendeley dalam Pengelolaan Sitasi dan Referensi Karya Ilmiah
Authors: Sujarwati Iis , Azwandi Azwansi , Syafryadin Syafryadin
Published: May 2022

Pengabdian pada masyarakat ini terlaksana berdasarkan hasil pengamatan terhadap para guru Bahasa Inggris di Kota Bengkulu yang dianggap masih menggunakan cara manual dalam menulis sitasi dan referensi. Sehingga perlu adanya pelatihan penggunaan aplikasi Mendeley sebagai salah satu perangkat pengelola referensi yang membantu guru bekerja dengan lebih efektif dan efisien dalam menulis karya ilmiah. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah agar guru memiliki pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam menggunakan aplikasi Mendeley untuk mengelola sitasi dan referensi. Dalam pelaksanaannya, kegiatan ini dilakukan dalam tiga tahapan yang sistematis yaitu: ceramah materi pelatihan, praktik penggunaan aplikasi dan evaluasi. Kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini melibatkan beberapa instansi pendidikan pada jenjang Sekolah Menengah Atas/Kejuruan di Kota Bengkulu. Visi yang sama menjadikan adanya keterkaitan langsung antara instansi tempat pelaksanaan kegiatan dan tim pelaksana kegiatan. Metode survey digunakan untuk mengevaluasi hasil kegiatan dengan cara mendistribusikan kuesioner kepada seluruh peserta pelatihan sebelum dan setelah mengikuti kegiatan. Hasil survey menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatkan yang signifikan pada pemahaman peserta pelatihan tentang penggunaan aplikasi Mendeley dalam pengelolaan sitasi dan referensi karya ilmiah. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa kegiatan ini memberikan manfaat dan dampak positif bagi peserta.
Percepatan Pembangunan Desa Labanu Kabupaten Gorontalo Melalui Pembuatan Peta Geologi
Authors: Permana Aang Panji , Hutagalung Ronal , Kasim Muhammad
Published: May 2022

Peta geologi desa dibuat berdasarkan data primer dan sekunder, yang menggambarkan kondisi geologi desa tersebut, seperti jenis batuan, penyebaran, hubungan antar batuan, struktur geologi, dan sebagainya dan dibuat dengan skala 1:5.000, 1 : 10.000 atau 1 : 15.000. Peta geologi desa dapat digunakan sebagai acuan desa dalam mengembangkan potensi desa khususnya dalam aspek sumberdaya mineral dan batuan, potensi geowisata, geologi teknik, geologi lingkungan, serta objek belajar kebumian bagi siswa-siswa di desa tersebut. Selain itu, peta geologi desa juga dapat digunakan sebagai sumber informasi ancaman bencaba geologi yang ada di desa tersebut. Bencana geologi yang dimaksud adalah gempa bumi, tanah longsor, gunung api, tsunami, serta bahaya likuifaksi. Tujuan pengabdian membuat peta geologi desa Labanu untuk menjadi data pendukung percepatan pembangunan desa. Tujuan tersebut dapat dicapai dengan metode kajian pustaka dan orientasi medan serta survei geologi lapangan. Hasil dari pengabdian ini menghasilkan peta geologi Desa Labanu yang didalamnya memuat satuan batuan, struktur geologi dan stratigrafi daerah Labanu.
Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma in an 11-Year- Old Female Treated with Antineoplastons: Complete Response and >25 Years Survival
Authors: Stanislaw Burzynski , Gregory Burzynski , Tomasz Janicki , Samuel Beenken
Published: May 2022

Rationale: Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), a lethal brain tumor, is the leading cause of brain tumor–related death in children. Over the past few decades clinical trials have shown no improvement in outcome. The purpose of this case study is to detail and discuss the use of Antineoplastons A-10 (Atengenal) and AS2-1 (Astugenal) in the treatment of an eleven-year-old female with a newly diagnosed DIPG. Objectives: The patient described here was enrolled into BT-11, a Phase II protocol utilizing Antineoplastons A-10 and AS2-1 in the treatment of brainstem gliomas. The patient’s tumor response to therapy was measured by sequential MRIs of the brain, with and without gadolinium contrast. Findings: At her presentation to the Burzynski Clinic (BC), the patient was alert, and weighed 42.1 Kg. Physical examination showed dysfunction of the 6th and 7th cranial nerves, with lateral movement of the left eye being decreased by approximately 30% and with left-sided facial weakness being present. The patient obtained a baseline MRI, with and without gadolinium. Post-gadolinium T1-weighted axial images showed a 0.80 cm2 enhancing pontine mass and a 2.70 cm2 non-enhancing left-sided brainstem mass. Following Antineoplastons (ANP), the patient achieved a complete response (CR) of the enhancing pontine mass. At that time, physical examination, especially neurologic examination, showed no abnormalities. The patient was last seen at the BC on October 15, 2004 and she was in excellent health with no evidence of new/recurrent disease. On August 10, 2021, correspondence with the patient indicated that she continued in excellent health (>25 years survival). Conclusions: ANP is an effective treatment for DIPG and for a variety of low- and high-grade brain tumors. Multiple Phase II protocols utilizing ANP have now been completed and its impact on the treatment of brain tumors has been widely published.
The protective role of valsartan in the myocardial injury of diabetic rats induced by herceptin
Authors: Xie, Yuetao , Zhang Jinli , Liu Guang
Published: May 2022

Objective: To evaluate the protective role of valsartan in the myocardial injury of diabetic rats induced by herceptin. Method: 40 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group and treatment group, 20 in each group. All the rats were faded with high sugar and high fat diet in 4 weeks, and then were given streptozotocin (STZ) by intraperitoneal injection in dose of 25mg/kg, fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥ 16.7mmol/L as a standard of type 2 diabetes model. Two groups were given herceptin by intraperitoneal injection, 12mg/kg in the first day and then 6mg/kg in the following 6 days, but the treatment group was given valsartan by gavage before herceptin injection in dose of 10mg/kg one day, the control group was given the same dose of saline by gavage. The serum BNP were measured, echocardiogram was performed to evaluate the cardiac function before herceptin injection and after 4 weeks. Results: After 4 weeks the BNP, LVEDD, LVESD of the control group were larger than the treatment group, and the EF were smaller, and they were statistically different. Conclusion: Valsartan can alleviate myocardial injury diabetic rats induced by herceptin.