bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cinsel Yönelim ve Cinsiyet Kimliği Açısından Adalete Erişim: Bağlayıcı Olmayan Uluslararası İnsan Hakları Metinleri Çerçevesinde Bir İnceleme
Authors: Akı E. İrem
Published: April 2024

Adalete erişim hukuk sistemlerince güvence altına alınmıştır. Bununla birlikte cinsel yönelim ve cinsiyet kimliğine dayalı hak ihlallerinde adalete erişim mekanizmaları etkili bir şekilde işlememektedir. Hukuk sisteminin bu tür hak ihlalleri karşısında etkili olmamasının önündeki en büyük engellerden bir tanesi hukukun heteronormativitenin ve ikili cinsiyet rejiminin bir aracı olmasıdır. Heteronormativite ve ikili cinsiyet rejiminin bir aracı olarak hukuk cinsel yönelim ve cinsiyet kimliğine dayalı ayrımcılık ve ihlalleri görmezden gelmekte ve bu durum adalete erişimde problemlere yol açmaktadır. Bu makalede ilk olarak adalet erişim kavramı üzerinde durulacak, ardından hukukun heteronormatif yapısı ve adalete erişim mekanizmalarına ulaşmada yol açtığı adaletsizlikler ortaya konacak ve son olarak, adalete erişim mekanizmalarının cinsel yönelim ve cinsiyet kimliği çeşitliliği göz önünde bulundurularak düzenlenmesi konusunda uluslararası kurumlarca devletlere verilen tavsiyeler üzerinde durulacaktır.
Integrated digital project management systems as a tool for implementing company strategies: history and modernity
Authors: Baysayeva Malika , Gachaev Ahmed , Krasavina Ekaterina , Zabaykin Yuri
Published: April 2024

Project management capabilities affect not only the process of forming a development strategy, but also the methods of managing innovative and strategic development. The novelty of the research lies in structuring ways to improve the efficiency of enterprise project management, taking into account project constraints. To achieve this goal, the authors consider it necessary to analyze the features of project management of the enterprise.
Demographic development of Kazakhstan in the second half of the 20th – early 21st centuries: contradictions and risks
Authors: Aubakirova Zhanna , Omyrzak Tamerlan , Stolyarova Eleonora , Sarsembayeva Gulzhan , Alekseyenko Alexander , Kenzhebayev Gabit
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the features of demographic development of Kazakhstan in the second half of the 20th -early 21st centuries. The concept of demographic policy, implemented in Kazakhstan since the early 2000s, was aimed at population growth due to fertility, ethnic immigration. At the same time, the policy of modernization acceleration was implemented, an active process of urbanization began, which led to the concentration of the population in a few large cities. Currently, the pace of socio-economic development is noticeably lagging behind the dynamics of population growth. As a result, the problems of the healthcare system, education, and employment are becoming more and more apparent, which can lead to serious social threats.
The Unique of Architectural Style and Tourist Attractions: The Development of Cultural Tourism in Karangasem
Authors: Putra I Dewa Gede Agung Diasana , Adhika I Made , Aritama Anak Agung Ngurah , Putra I Dewa Gede
Published: April 2024

Provisions on spatial planning regulations and building regulations regarding the regulation of the development of local architectural potentials and characteristics. Traditional Balinese architecture is one of the many contributions of Indonesian architecture to the building sector. Bali has a diversity of forms and varieties of traditional architecture. Likewise, East Bali can display Balinese architecture and further enrich traditional architecture in Indonesia. An architectural work consists of various aspects such as mass composition, shape, proportion, scale, ornamentation, and other elements. Ornaments, better known as decoration, are one of the components of architectural work and are commonly used in traditional Balinese architecture. East Bali, part of the Karangasem kingdom (now Karangasem Regency) during the Central Bali era, has preserved several unique architectural masterpieces. The uniqueness of this ancient building in Karangasem is an essential component in developing world tourism and cultural tourism. By conducting field studies and identifying the uniqueness of historical buildings in Karangasem, this paper attempts to identify the unique characteristics of Karangasem architecture. In the future, this uniqueness will become one of the components of tourism attraction. Therefore, it is essential to learn more about the potential and quality of buildings, especially those related to their decoration, so that they can be used as a guide for creating new buildings in the East Bali region, especially Karangasem, as well as as a component of tourism development.
Temperature Dependence of the Hypervelocity Impact Response of Polyethylene Plates from Tg to Tm
Authors: Rogers Jacob , Mote Aniket , Davis Sidney , Mead Paul , Pittman Charles , Thomas Edwin , Wilkerson Justin , Lacy Thomas
Published: April 2024

All spacecraft continue to face a growing risk of hypervelocity impact (HVI) by micrometeoroids and orbital debris (MMOD). Concurrently, emerging hypersonic weapons pose acute ballistic threats to military and civilian assets. In both cases, the diminishing effectiveness of legacy armor demands the development of specialized, layered HVI protective structures. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) stand out as promising intermediate layers due to their high mass-specific energy absorption and tailorability. Yet, their behaviors at HVI-induced strain rates (>106 s-1) remain understudied and poorly understood, particularly near their glass transition (-116°C) and melt (130°C) temperatures. A recent HVI study revealed that, when impacted at room temperature, UHMWPE targets exhibited bulk fragmentation while similar HDPE samples showed extensive melting and visco-plastic flow, differences attributed to molecular mobility. This follow-on study probes the interplay of initial target temperature (T0), impact velocity (v0), and average entanglements per chain (Ne) on polyethylene’s (PE’s) HVI response. 12.7 mm thick UHMWPE and HDPE plates at T0 = -120°C, 20°C, and 140°C were subjected to 2.5 km/s and 6.0 km/s HVIs by 6.35 mm diameter aluminum spheres. PE’s HVI response was found to be largely governed by a competition between rates of strain and polymer chain relaxation. Lowering T0 for a fixed Ne constrained chain motion analogously to increasing Ne at a fixed T0. This caused HDPE’s HVI response to increasingly align with UHMWPE’s at similar v0. The opposite was also observed. Increasing v0 alone made both materials more prone to widespread fracture by raising strain rates beyond rates of chain disentanglement and reorientation. The material exhibiting the most visco-plastic flow without subsequent bulk fragmentation lost less mass, had smaller perforations, and better absorbed energy, suggesting that, for a given T0 and v0, there is an optimal Ne value that maximizes PE energy absorption. Increasing v0 or decreasing T0 necessitates a reduction in Ne to sustain the degree of molecular mobility that gives maximum energy absorption. These findings motivate the development of a protective structure composed of PE layers, each optimized for an anticipated average strain rate.
Social Rejection Amplifies the Value of Choice
Authors: Dejoie Jordan Michelle , Ruiz Melanie , Brudner Emily G , Fareri Dominic S.
Published: April 2024

Social rejection has been routinely associated with negative physical and mental health outcomes. However, less is known about how social rejection impacts cognitive processes, including our decision-making abilities. This is critical to understand, given how ubiquitous experiences of rejection have become in the current era of social media. In this pre-registered study, we hypothesized that social rejection would amplify the value of choice. Participants made choices about whether to participate in a lottery themselves or defer the choice to a computer across a series of interactions with purported anonymous peers who provided varying degrees of positive (e.g., likes) and negative (e.g., dislikes) feedback to simulate experiences of rejection and acceptance. Subjective experiences of affect and the likelihood of future social engagement with peers was measured. Following experiences of rejection, results revealed that participants were more likely to want to choose for themselves rather than defer the choice to the computer. However, negative affect modulated this pattern, such that when participants reported feeling worse during the task after rejection, they were more likely to defer choice to the computer. Further, negative affect significantly predicted participant’s willingness to engage in future social behavior with their partners and individual differences in social symptoms (e.g., social anxiety and the need to belong), were significantly related to choice behavior. Taken together, our findings suggest that experience of social rejection can negatively impact our affective states, perceptions of others, and the degree to which we value choice.
Foreign Funding of U.S. Higher Education Predicts Campus Erosion of Democratic Speech Norms and Antisemitism
Authors: Bass Michael , Ross Alexander Reid , Wolfson Ben , Finkelstein Joel , Yanovsky Sonia , Finkelstein Danica , Stevens Sean T. , Honeycutt Nathan , Paresky Pamela , Feinberg Ayal , Small Charles Asher , Jussim Lee
Published: April 2024

We examined relations between foreign funding of U.S. colleges and universities and campus political developments. Seven studies investigated associations between foreign funding and campus liberal democratic norms, specifically, deterioration of free speech and academic freedom, and presence of antisemitism. Study I found that 349 colleges and universities received a total of almost $18 billion from foreign sources between 2014 and 2019. Study II examined relationships of foreign funding to campus deplatforming of speakers and punitive actions for speech protected by academic freedom. Main results were: 1. overall foreign funding was not strongly related to campus speech outcomes; 2. higher levels of deplatforming and speech punishment occurred on campuses that received funding from member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and from authoritarian countries. Study III found weak evidence that foreign funding was associated with college students’ reported exposure to antisemitic and anti-Zionist tropes. After demonstrating substantial correlations among three national measures of antisemitic incidents (Study IV), Study V found that foreign funding provided by member countries of the Organisation for Islamic Cooperation or by authoritarian countries was associated with elevated levels of campus antisemitism and anti-Zionist incidents. Studies VI and VII found that antisemitic incidents on campus were associated with antisemitic incidents across the country. This research highlighted troubling possibilities about the potential role of foreign funding in higher education that deserve further investigation.
Emotional inertia is independently associated with cognitive emotion regulation strategies and sleep quality
Authors: Sullivan Emma Caitlin , McCall Cade , Brose Annette , Henderson Lisa , Cairney Scott
Published: April 2024

Emotional inertia (i.e., the tendency for emotions to persist over time) is robustly associated with lower wellbeing. Yet, we know little about the mechanisms underlying this relationship. Good quality sleep and frequent use of adaptive cognitive emotion regulation (CER) strategies reduce the persistence of negative affect (NA) over time. However, whether sleep and adaptive CER strategy use work in concert to reduce NA inertia is unclear. In the current study, participants (N=245) watched a series of film clips and rated how each clip made them feel on negative and positive affective states. Emotion ratings were collected again after a short rest period to determine the persistence of clip-induced affect. Standardised questionnaires were used to index participants’ sleep quality and tendency to engage in adaptive CER strategies. Autoregressive models demonstrated that better sleep quality was associated with lower NA inertia (d = 0.25). This association also held when controlling for mean and variability of NA. Interestingly, the association between adaptive CER strategy use and NA inertia was observed irrespective of whether sleep quality was good, average, or poor (d = 0.13). These findings suggest that sleep and adaptive CER strategies hold independent rather than interdependent roles in maintaining emotional wellbeing.
Tooth and Gingival Display at Posed and Spontaneous Smile
Authors: Devkota G , Pradhan S Joshi , Shrestha P , Sah S , Verma A
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Amount of gingival display is one of the important aspect of smile esthetics parameter which allows the clinician to accurately diagnose and select an appropriate treatment plan for the patient. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the amount of teeth and gingival display in posed and spontaneous smile by using videography method.
Methodology: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted among 144 participants. Standardized videography of the participants were taken with DSLR. Video clips were taken for tooth display at rest, posed smile and spontaneous smile. Digital recordings were transferred to laptop and measurements of the dentogingival display were made by importing frames in Adobe photoshop CS6 extended software. The type of smile line were recorded based on the dentogingival display at posed and spontaneous smile. Data were entered and analyzed in excel 2016. Parametric (quantitative) data were interpreted as mean ± SD and Non parametric (qualitative) data were interpreted as percentile. To compare parametric data student t test was used and for non parametric data chi square test was used.
Result: There was a significant difference between dentogingival display during posed and spontaneous smile. In male participants, the mean tooth display at rest was 0.91 mm, mean dentogingival display at posed smile was 7.21 mm and at spontaneous smile was 9.02 mm. In female participants, the mean tooth display at rest was 1.26 mm, mean dentogingival display at posed smile was 7.39 mm and at spontaneous smile was 9.48 mm.
Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, dentogingival display in spontaneous smiles is higher than in posed evaluations. Clinical evaluations and restorative thoughts should be planned according to the spontaneous smile, as the gingival appearance increases when patients are smiling naturally rather than posing. Video recordings provides more comprehensive information for assessment of dentogingival display.
“I Can Feel You Here”: Queering Intimacy and Haptics in First-Person Shooters and Beyond
Authors: Zegura Cass , Blackburn Brandon
Published: April 2024

To explore queer touch in digital spaces, the authors consider three games that sit uneasily within the genre of the first-person shooter (FPS), in which the player mediates gameplay through a first-person perspective, typically in the form of an armed individual. The FPS was fundamental in establishing such technological idiosyncrasies as real-time rendering and physics that still shape digital intimacy today. As these techniques were developed, a normative and often violent regime of touch was established whereby sight equated destructive, obliterating intimacy. Yet, as explored in this article, through techniques such as glitch, mechanical remixing, and code reappropriation, normative touch itself can be broken, giving way to queerer forms of intimacy. The authors center their analysis on Trespasser, Portal, and Polaris. Although disparate in content, production context, and temporality, all three games seek to reinterpret physical intimacy in code and narrative.
Payment Services, the Deplatforming of Sex, and the Governance of Platform Intimacy
Authors: Hill Stephanie
Published: April 2024

Much of the considerable regulatory attention directed at sexual content online focuses on platform content moderation policies, but payment and advertising services play a gatekeeping role on platform content as well. In 2021, OnlyFans cited the difficulties of meeting the policies of payment processors and banks in its announcement that the site would stop hosting sexual content. This decision was subsequently retracted under public criticism of the platform for profiting off sex workers and then removing them from the platform. The case of OnlyFans provided a rare reversal of the moral panics that often surround the governance of sexual content online. This article discusses the deplatforming of sex as a case of contested platform governance identifies how public conflicts over platform governance of sexual content fit within broader “no platform” politics, and draws on research from affected communities to make the case for alternative policy approaches.
Верифікація результатів спрямованого асоціативного експерименту (обмеження реакцій порівняльним сполучником as … as) на основі даних англійськомовного веб-корпусу iWeb
Authors: Mizin Kostiantyn , Kotsur Viktor , Letiucha Liubov , Saik Alina
Published: April 2024

Метою статті є розроблення методики для верифікації результатів спрямованого асоціативного експерименту (обмеження асоціацій англійськомовних респондентів компаративним сполучником as … as) на основі даних веб-корпусу iWeb. Шляхом апробації методики перевірена наукова валідність припущень, що (1) корпусні дані слугують надійною базою для верифікації спрямованих асоціативних експериментів та (2) показники частотності окурентів слів-запитів корелюють із показниками частотності реакцій учасників асоціативних експериментів, тому вивчення корпусних даних може замінити в деяких випадках необхідність проведення асоціативних експериментів узагалі.
Двоетапна методика дослідження передбачала зіставний аналіз (1) результатів асоціативного експерименту (перша вибірка) з матеріалом словника усталених порівнянь англійської мови (друга вибірка) та (2) даних перших двох вибірок з даними третьої – корпусної – вибірки, яка містить найчастотніші окуренції слів-запитів у компаративних конструкціях [As+Adj+As+Def.Art.+N], [As+Adj+As+Indef.Art.+N] та [As+Adj+As+0Art.+N]. Кореляція першої та третьої вибірок додатково перевірена за допомогою статистичного аналізу (визначення показника χ2).
Результати. На першому етапі дослідження виявлено помітний розрив між актуальною свідомістю (реакції респондентів) і мовним матеріалом (дані словника). Цей розрив пояснюється різними мовними й культурними чинниками, передусім глобалізацією, редукцією «культурної пам’яті» та тенденцією до економії мовленнєвих зусиль. На другому етапі встановлено, що найбільш частотні окуренти слів-стимулів, які репрезентують образні порівняння, є актуальнішими за матеріал словника. На відміну від останнього, показники окуренцій веб-корпусу iWeb більшою мірою корелюють із показниками реакцій асоціативного експерименту, демонструючи найвищий показник збігів образних порівнянь серед трьох вибірок – 14.4 %. Проте цей показник є занадто низьким, щоб підтвердити наукову валідність згаданих вище припущень.
Висновки. Здійснена верифікація виявилася недостатньо об’єктивною. Утім, саму ідею такої верифікації не слід відкидати, оскільки кореляцію між даними першої та третьої вибірок довів статистичний аналіз (показник χ2=10.45, що дозволяє прийняти нульову гіпотезу). Тому асоціативні експерименти можуть бути замінені аналізом корпусних даних, але лише у випадку встановлення актуальності (поширеності) певних мовних одиниць або явищ. Хоча і в цьому випадку слід рахуватися з тим, що результати, отримані шляхом вивчення даних корпусів, принципово відрізнятимуться від результатів експериментів.
Metacognitive Reading Awareness Among Freshmen EFL Students
Authors: Klimova Blanka , Zamborova Katarina , Fronckova Katerina
Published: April 2024

Purpose. This study investigated the levels of three different strategies of metacognitive awareness: global reading strategy, problem-solving strategy, and support reading strategy among university students in a Business English class during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods. The methodology is based on a survey, which was conducted among 192 freshman university students in their specialized courses of Business English as a foreign language. The research instrument was a metacognitive reading strategies awareness (MARSI) questionnaire.

Results. The findings reveal that the students used problem-solving strategies the most, followed by global and support reading strategies the least. The results also indicate a difference between male and female students at individual levels of reading strategies.

Conclusions. The study proposes a set of recommendations with an alliance of COVID-19 learning environment based on the results such as taking notes while reading and highlighting the most important information with an emphasis on details or showing the importance of previewing the text, asking questions/making predictions about the text, and most importantly paying attention to self-regulation practices in a new school environment.
Ecosystem services of forests and their economic valuation: Prospects for sustainable development
Authors: Rexhepi Burhan Reshat , Rexhepi Flutura Gagica , Sadiku Mejreme Krasniqi , Dauti Bardhyl
Published: April 2024

The relevance of the topic is justified by the diversity of unique natural ecosystem objects in the territories of Kosovo and North Macedonia, where forestry activities are traditional. The aim of the study is to analyse the current state of ecosystem services provided by forests in Kosovo and North Macedonia in the context of their assessment and development prospects. Several general scientific empirical and theoretical research methods were employed, including comparison, generalization, analysis, synthesis, and abstract-logical methods. The article characterizes the current state of forest resource utilization in Kosovo and North Macedonia, highlighting key issues in the management of forest lands, including those hindering the development of ecosystem services. The study justifies indicators of the level of forest resource utilization in Kosovo and North Macedonia, examining the percentage ratio of forest cover indicators in the Western Balkan countries. The relationship between land areas of different categories and purposes in Kosovo is analysed, along with the designation of protected areas within forested areas in North Macedonia. The necessity of conducting an economic assessment of specific ecosystem services provided by forests is justified. Six methods used in the economic valuation of natural goods resulting from forest resource utilization are detailed, deemed most suitable for the Western Balkan countries. A comprehensive list of the most relevant functions of forests requiring economic assessment is compiled. Throughout the justification of all stages of the work, specific ecosystem services provided by forests that may gain greater importance in the future are identified. The practical significance of the study lies in forming the fundamental methodological aspects that can be utilized in the assessment of ecosystem services provided by forests
Determine competitiveness of Indonesian export commodities using static and dynamic revealed comparative analysis
Authors: Suparmono
Published: April 2024

The government continues to promote non-oil and gas exports because oil and gas exports have continued to decline since the decades of the 90s. Main commodity products are still dominated by primary products such as mining, agriculture and some low technology manufactured products. This results in low added value of the product. Indonesia needs products that are highly competitive in the international market. This article aims to analyze the level of competitiveness of Indonesian products in world trade. The analytical tool used is the static revealed comparative advantage (SRCA) and dynamic revealed comparative advantage (DRCA). The data used from the International Trade Centre are classified according to the Harmonized System (HS) from 2013 to 2019. The result is that by using SRCA, Indonesia has competitiveness for products: tin and articles group only contribute to the export value of 0.95% of Indonesia's total exports. The biggest share of exports is the group of mineral fuels, mineral oils, and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; minerals, group of goods Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their cleavage products; prepared edible fats; animal by 13.60%. In the DRCA, the largest export value is 10 groups included in the rising star category: natural rubber and its derivatives, cars and other motorized vehicles, fatty acids and their derivatives for industry, lignite, lead not forged, ferroalloys, wire, cable, and the like, refined copper, petroleum and mineral, and margarine and its derivatives. This indicates these products had positive growth, but growth in Indonesia was higher than the growth of similar products in the world.
Formalizing the Informal Sector: Issues, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Ali Malik Saqib , Nasir Azra , Adnan Muhammad , Shah Syed Arshad Ali
Published: April 2024

The current research seeks the intention of the informal sector regarding transitioning towards formal sector. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of tax avoidance, high tax rates, complicated registration process, tangible incentive on the ‘willingness to switch’ to formalization of informal sector. This research is conducted at three main commercial areas Raja Bazar, Saddar, and Tench Bhatta of Rawalpindi city, Pakistan. Simple Random Sampling is used with the sample size of 230. Primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire with both close and open ended questions. Linear probability model is used for the analysis. The results show that fifty six percent of the respondents are willing to register their enterprises, however they require some tangible benefits for registering their business. Furthermore, seventy eight percent are of the view that people do not register because they want to avoid taxes. Fifty six percent opine that one of the potential reasons is high tax rates. Seventy four percent considers complications in the registration process restricting people to register their business, and ninety percent firm owners report that getting registered will not prove to be handsome bid for them. Therefore, it is proposed that taxation authorities need to step up its dissemination efforts in reaching out to the informal sector about the potential benefits of registering with the tax authorities. It is also recommended that formalization of businesses should be branded and incentivized.
Candravastra talina (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Halyini), a new genus and species from Myanmar
Authors: Gapon D.A.
Published: April 2024

The article provides a detailed illustrated description of a new genus and species of the tribe Halyini (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae) from Myanmar. The description is based on external morphological characters and the structure of the male and female terminalia, including the completely inflated aedeagus. A detailed comparison of the new genus with the closely related genera Halys Fabricius, 1803 and Neohalys Ahmad et Perveen, 1982 is given, as well as a key for these three genera.
A rare case of atypical intradural extramedullary glioblastoma diagnosed utilizing next-generation sequencing and methylation profiling: illustrative case
Authors: Shelton William J , Mathews Andrew P , Aljiboori Karrar , Nix J. Stephen , Gokden Murat , Rodriguez Analiz
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Primary spinal cord tumors, especially primary spinal cord glioblastoma multiforme (PSC-GBM), are exceptionally rare, accounting for less than 1.5% of all spinal tumors. Their infrequency and aggressive yet atypical presentation make diagnosis challenging. In uncertain cases, a surgical approach for tissue diagnosis is often optimal.

OBSERVATIONS

A 76-year-old male presented with a rapidly progressing clinical history marked by worsening extremity weakness, urinary retention, and periodic fecal incontinence alongside diffuse changes on neuraxis imaging. The patient, in whom subacute polyneuropathy was initially diagnosed, received multiple rounds of steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin without clinical improvement. Histopathological review of the biopsy tissue yielded an initial diagnosis of spindle cell neoplasm. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is done routinely on all neuropathology specimens at the authors’ institution, and methylation profiling is pursued in difficult cases. Ultimately, NGS and methylation profiling results were essential to an integrated final diagnosis of GBM.

LESSONS

PSC-GBM is a rare but highly aggressive occurrence of this tumor. Prolonged back pain, rapid neurological decline, and imaging changes warrant the consideration of lesional biopsy for precise disease characterization. In inconclusive cases, NGS has proved invaluable for clinical clarification and diagnosis, underscoring its importance for integrated diagnoses in guiding appropriate treatment strategies.
Primary intracranial peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor: lessons from an exceptionally rare neoplasm. Illustrative case
Authors: Bocanegra-Becerra Jhon E , Novoa-Ramírez Luis Felipe , Latorre-Zúñiga Alan Jesús , Tacas-Gil Norka , Rojas-Apaza Rolando
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

The primary intracranial peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET) is a lesion subtype within the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors. pPNETs are extremely uncommon pathologies, accounting for 0.03% of intracranial tumors and 1% to 2% of Ewing sarcoma cases. Given its histological aspect similar to other highly proliferative malignant neuroectodermal neoplasms, pPNET merits extensive workup for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

OBSERVATIONS

A 36-year-old male presented to the emergency department with a 1-year history of headaches in the right frontoparietal area, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and a history of the resection of a tumor labeled as a meningioma 5 years before admission. He was neurologically intact. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a heterogeneous focal lesion of 25 × 35 × 23 mm with a necrotic center and neoformative appearance in the right frontal cortex. The patient underwent multimodal treatment with gross-total resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Histopathological examination results supported the diagnosis of pPNET. At the 2-year follow-up, the patient had no new-onset symptoms, and brain imaging revealed absent signs of tumor recurrence.

LESSONS

The present case describes an extraordinary pPNET case, initially confounded as a clear cell meningioma. Managing pPNET requires thorough investigation, careful differentiation from similar neuroectodermal lesions, and multimodal treatment to improve the patient’s prognosis.
Isolated calvarial aneurysmal bone cyst in a pediatric patient: illustrative case
Authors: Saratsis Amanda Muhs , Asado Nahren , Ruge John , Li Daphne
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are benign, osteolytic lesions that can occur in long bones, vertebrae, or rarely, the skull. Here the authors present the case of a 15-year-old male with a primary ABC of the left frontoparietal skull along with a review of the literature to provide insight into the nature of this rare disease.

OBSERVATIONS

An otherwise healthy 15-year-old male presented with a tense, painful lesion of the left frontoparietal scalp. He could not identify any inciting trauma, but first noted the lesion less than 2 weeks prior to presentation with progressive enlargement. Cranial imaging revealed a lytic skull lesion with fluid-fluid levels suggestive of ABC. Curative therapy was provided via wide excision of the lesion and calvarial reconstruction of the resultant skull defect. This was performed without complication, and histopathological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of primary ABC.

LESSONS

ABCs of the skull are rare entities and most often arise in the skull base versus the calvaria. Typically, these lesions are associated with an underlying bone pathology (secondary ABCs) but can be rarely seen as isolated lesions (primary ABCs). Clinical management consists of excision and adjuvant therapy for underlying pathology where appropriate.
Metastatic intradural primary spinal osteosarcoma: illustrative case
Authors: Thiruvengadam Shreyas , Lam Mark , Honeybul Stephen
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Osteosarcomas are a common primary bone neoplasm among adolescents but represent 0.2% of all malignancies with an incidence of two to four cases per million persons annually worldwide. Although known to have significant metastatic potential, its rare incidence, treatment resistance, and poor prognosis have rendered it a poorly understood and infrequently documented pathology.

OBSERVATIONS

Herein the authors present the first documented case of lumbosacral intradural metastasis of a primary osteosarcoma in a young patient, possibly via intradural dissemination following pinhole durotomy in a prior thoracic surgery.

LESSONS

Osteosarcomas remain a difficult pathology to treat, particularly upon metastatic dissemination. The utility of adjuvant radiotherapy after resection of an osteosarcoma is increasingly evident in the reduction of local recurrence. In the context of intraoperative pinhole durotomies in resections of high-grade lesions, due consideration should be given to whole-spine radiation, although this remains an evidence-free zone.
The Coexistence of Orthogonal Current Structures
and the Development of Different-Type Weibel Instabilities
in Adjacent Regions of a Plasma Transition Layer
with a Hot Electron Flow
Authors: Garasev M. A. , Kocharovsky Vl. V. , Nechaev A. A. , Stepanov A. N. , Kocharovsky V. V.
Published: April 2024

Abstract—By means of particle-in-cell numerical simulations, we find the possibility of the formation andlong-term coexistence of orthogonal current structures in adjacent layers of an inhomogeneous cold plasmapenetrated by a hot electron flow. The formationof these structures is shown to occur in a wide range ofparameters specifying collisionless expansion of high-energy electrons out of a dense plasma into a rarefiedplasma. These structures originate due to the development of Weibel instabilities of two different types thatare associated with qualitatively different anisotropic electron velocity distributions. Experiments with a laserplasma produced in the course of target ablation by means of quasi-cylindrical focusing of a high-power femtosecond-laser radiation beam are proposed in order to observe the predicted phenomenon
The Possible Influence of Cosmic Rays on the Planetary Albedo
of the Earth
Authors: Bogdanov M. B. , Cherviakov M. Yu. , Koshel A. A.
Published: April 2024

The monthly average values of the planetary albedo at the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) and the averagealbedo values of the hemispheres were obtained based on the results of measurements for the flux of shortwavereflected solar radiation, carried out onboard the Meteor-M No. 2 satellite in 2014–2019. The globallyaveraged albedo shows an increase over time, as evidenced by the presence of a statistically significant lineartrend. We show that this trend is not associated with a change in the average near-surface temperature of theplanet. It is possible that the increase in albedo is explained by an increase in cloudiness caused by an increasein the flux of galactic cosmic rays during the decline of the solar activity cycle
Dependence of the Annual Asymmetry Local Index
for the NmF2 Median on Solar Activity
Authors: Deminov M. G. , Deminova G. F.
Published: April 2024

Based on the medians of the F2-layer maximum electron concentration NmF2 for two ionosphericstations, Boulder and Hobart, in 1963–2013, an analysis of the dependence of the annual asymmetry localindex R at noon on solar activity has been performed, where the R index is the January/July ratio of the summaryNmF2 concentration for this pair of stations. Solar activity indices averaged over 81 days are used: Fobs isthe solar radio emission flux at a wavelength of 10.7 cm measured by ground-based radio telescopes and Fadjis the value of Fobs reduced to a fixed distance from the Sun of one astronomical unit. It is found that theregression equations that manifest the NmF2 medians dependence on Fobs make it possible to obtain theannual asymmetry index R for a fixed value of Fobs with allowance for a substitution of Fobs by cFobs in theseregression equations, the c coefficient is equal to 1.03 and 0.97 for January and July, respectively. The c = 1case corresponds to neglecting the annual asymmetry in the Fobs index due to the ellipticity of the Earth’sorbit. For the c = 1 version, the R index increases with a solar activity increase from 1.2 under low activity upto almost 1.4 under high activity. An additional allowance for the annual asymmetry in Fobs leads to anincrease in the R index by approximately 0.1 almost independently of the solar activity level. Apparently, thisconclusion is being drawn for the first time. The Fadj index also makes it possible to obtain a correct estimateof the R index, because the annual asymmetry in the solar radiation flux is indirectly taken into account viathe experimental values of NmF2.
Preflare X-Ray Pulsations with Sources Outside
the Main Flare Active Region
Authors: Zimovets I. V. , Sharykin I. N. , Kaltman T. I. , Stupishin A. G. , Nizamov B. A.
Published: April 2024

Earlier, we showed that according to the nature of the location of sources of preflare X-ray pulsationsrelative to the main solar flare, events are divided into at least two types: in type I events, the sources ofpulsations and the main flare are in the same active region (AR) and in type II events they are in differentregions. This paper presents an analysis of a type II event in which, according to data from the Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) space observatory, X-ray sources of preflare quasi-periodicpulsations (with a period P = 1.5 ± 0.1 min), which began at ~1802 UT, were located in AR 11884 in the WesternHemisphere, and the sources of the main flare M1.0 SOL2013-11-05T18:08 were located in AR 11890 inthe Eastern Hemisphere. The pulsations were also observed with the Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM)aboard the Fermi space observatory and the X-Ray Sensor (XRS) aboard the Geostationary OperationalEnvironmental Satellite (GOES), excluding the possibility of their artificial origin. According to the data ofthe Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) aboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) in the extremeultraviolet range, it was found that the sources of pulsations were located at the base of coronal jets that flowedout at velocities of ~100–1500 km/s. The distance between AR 11884 and AR 11890 was ~1.4 RS. It wouldtake ~17–250 min for the jet plasma to reach AR 11890, which is much longer than the time interval betweenthe onset of pulsations (jets) and the flare (~6 min). No loops connecting AR 11884 and AR 11890 wereobserved in the corona. Moreover, no connection of these regions by magnetic field lines extrapolated fromthe photosphere to the corona in the potential approximation was found. These arguments indicate that thejets (and associated pulsations) could not be the trigger for the flare. Thus, a vivid example of an event is presentedin which there was no physical connection between preflare X-ray pulsations (and jets) and the flarethat followed them. This event demonstrates the importance of spatially resolved observations in the study ofpulsations on the Sun and stars.
Features of the Structure of the Winter Morning High- and Mid-Latitude Ionosphere
Authors: Karpachev A. T.
Published: April 2024

The structure of the winter morning (0500–0900 LT) ionosphere in the Northern and Southern hemispheres is studied in detail. For this, CHAMP satellite data for quiet conditions during the period of high solar activity of 2000–2002 are used. Careful analysis is used to identify electron concentration troughs: the high-latitude ionospheric trough; subauroral, or main, ionospheric trough; and mid-latitude ring ionospheric trough. In order to identify and separate the high-latitude and main ionospheric troughs, the model of auroral diffuse precipitation of the Polar Geophysical Institute is used, which describes the boundaries of low-latitude zone I and high-latitude zone II of auroral diffuse precipitation. The longitudinal variations of the precipitation boundaries are corrected using the DMSP satellite data. The problem of separating the troughs becomes more complicated with the passage of local time, because the main ionospheric trough is more strongly displaced to the pole than the auroral oval; therefore, its area of existence begins to overlap the area of existence of the high-latitude trough. In order to identify and separate the main and ring troughs, all, even weak, geomagnetic disturbances for the observation period are analyzed in detail. The asymmetry of the Northern and Southern hemispheres is considered, and similar and different characteristics are identified. Therefore, a more complete and accurate pattern of the structure of the morning ionosphere is obtained.
Aerosol Layer of the Lower Thermosphere:
I. Observation against the Earth’s Limb
Authors: Belyaev A. N. , Nikolaishvili S. Sh. , Omel’chenko A. N. , Repin A. Yu. , Poluarshinov M. A. , Smirnov Yu. V. , Strakhov A. V. , Batishchev A. G. , Stasevich V. I. , Platov Yu. V.
Published: April 2024

During the “Terminator” space experiment on board the International Space Station, a layeredoptical structure was discovered in the lower thermosphere. The observations were carried out in the visible(540 nm) and near infrared (700 and 830 nm) spectral ranges. A brief description of the scientific equipmentis given. This paper presents the results of processing the acquired images, which allowed interpreting themas images of an aerosol layer that has a planetary scale. Possible variants of the origin of this aerosol formationare considered.
Development of a Method for Recovery of the Energy Spectra
of Precipitating Electrons from the Data of Measurements
in the Atmosphere
Authors: Makhmutov V. S. , Maurchev E. A. , Bazilevskaya G. A. , Mironova I. A.
Published: April 2024

Regular measurements of fluxes of charged particles in the Earth’s atmosphere conducted by theLebedev Physical Institute (LPI) made it possible to register since 1963 more than 500 cases of precipitationof energetic electrons in the northern polar latitudes. The obtained experimental data represent the world’sonly database on the precipitation of electrons registered directly in the Earth’s atmosphere. Primary precipitatingelectrons are absorbed in the upper layers of the atmosphere. However, the fluxes of secondary photonsgenerated by them can penetrate deep into the atmosphere, sometimes to heights of ~20 km, which areaccessible for balloon measurements by the Lebedev Physical Institute. This paper presents a new techniquefor reconstructing the energy spectrum of precipitating electrons developed on the basis of the Monte Carlosimulation of the processes of electron propagation in the atmosphere. The applicability of the technique tothe accumulated experimental data is shown, and new results are presented for individual events recorded inthe atmosphere.
Application of Metal-Organic Frameworks to High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Shaikhutdinov I. Kh. , Ryazanova T. K. , Limareva L. V. , Sokolov A. V.
Published: April 2024

We present a critical review of experimental studies of the efficiency of the separation of various groups of chemical compounds under the conditions of high-performance liquid chromatography using metal-organic framework polymers (metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)) or composite materials with MOFs as a stationary phase. MOFs demonstrated many advantages in high-performance liquid chromatography and a possibility of competing successfully with conventional phases, especially in the determination of low-molecular-weight compounds and optical isomers. Among the promising options for using this class of materials are the development of monolithic separation columns and hybrid adsorbents that eliminate the disadvantages of adsorbents based on pure MOFs.
Comparative Analysis of the Results of the Online Determination of Hydrogen Sulfide and the Results Obtained by Photometry and Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Valieva E. F. , Khatmullina R. M. , Safarova V. I. , Goncharova I. P.
Published: April 2024

The results of the determination of sulfur-containing compounds in atmospheric air polluted by products of the depressurization of a product pipeline with gas condensate are presented. Hydrogen sulfide was determined online using mobile automatic control stations and by photometry in a stationary laboratory. Organic sulfur-containing compounds (mercaptans, sulfides, disulfides) were identified by chromatography–mass spectrometry. It was found that the results of the analysis obtained in the automatic mode reflect the total content of hydrogen sulfide and some organosulfur compounds.
Gas-Chromatographic Identification of Unusual Unstable Products of the Partial Hydrolysis of Tetraethoxysilane
Authors: Zenkevich I. G. , Baranov D. A.
Published: April 2024

Gas chromatographic analysis of a long-stored sample of tetraethoxysilane (tetraethyl orthosilicate) showed that it lacked the main component due to the hydrolysis of this compound by traces of water. Instead, ethanol and three other components with retention indices (RIs) of 537 ± 2 (no. 1), 608 ± 1 (no. 2, the most abundant component), and 727 ± 3 (no. 3) on a column with a HP-5 stationary phase were detected. These components are unstable, and they cannot be isolated preparatively; as a result, they have not been characterized previously. To identify them, the chemical properties of this sample were characterized, and the recurrent approximations of the RIs of the detected components and their correlation with the retention indices of structural analogs were considered. It was established that they were congeners of the initial tetraethoxysilane, namely, exotic products of its partial hydrolysis—triethoxysilanol (C2H5O)3SiOH, diethoxysilanediol (C2H5O)2Si(OH)2, and ethoxysilanetriol (C2H5O)Si(OH)3. In accordance with published data, some silanediols R2Si(OH)2 and silanetriols RSi(OH)3 are stable, especially, compounds containing substituents capable of conjugation with vacant d orbitals of silicon atoms. Among them are phenyl- (π–d conjugation systems) and alkoxy-substituted (p–d systems) silanediols and silanetriols. The identified products of partial hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane belong to the latter type.
Extraction and Preconcentration of the Highly Lipophilic Antioxidant 2,6-Diisobornyl-4-Methylphenol and its Metabolite from Plasma Samples for the Determination by HPLC–MS/MS
Authors: Lakeev A. P. , Yanovskaya E. A. , Yanovsky V. A. , Andropov M. O.
Published: April 2024

A procedure is proposed for the extraction of 2,6-diisobornyl-4-methylphenol (IBP), the molecule with potential multi-target activity, and its active metabolite 2,6-diisobornyl-4-hydroxymethylphenol (IBP–OH) from human and rat plasma samples for further determination by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The solubility of IBP (in mg/mL) in various organic solvents is determined. In particular, the compound is readily soluble in chloroform (346 ± 14), methyl tert-butyl ether (98.6 ± 3.8), and ethyl acetate (96.8 ± 2.0). It is shown that the use of a mixture of chloroform and isopropanol (5 : 1, v/v) as an extraction system with simultaneous protein precipitation makes it possible to extract only 66 ± 10% of IBP, while the recovery of IBP–OH is 96 ± 7%. Pre-dilution of 200 µL of plasma with 300 µL saline increases IBP recovery to 100 ± 4%. Drying the extracts in a vacuum concentrator (air, 45°C) with the further reconstitution of the residues in 300 μL of acetonitrile facilitates the purification of biosamples and the preconcentration of analytes. The total sample preparation time does not exceed 70 min, and the duration of an analysis is 7 min, the injection volume is 2 µL. The procedure has been successfully tested on actual rat plasma samples after a single oral administration of IBP (10 mg/kg in oil) in the framework of pharmacokinetic studies.