bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ermeni Tehcirinin Nüfus ve Ekonomi Üzerindeki Etkileri: Merzifon Örneği
Authors: GENÇ Sabit
Published: December 2020

Osmanlı Ermenileri, I. Dünya Savaşı’nın başlarında iç güvenlik problemi nedeniyle tehcire tabi tutulmuşlardır. Tehcir olayı günümüze kadar devam eden tartışmaları da beraberinde getirmiştir. 1915 yılında Osmanlı Devleti tarafından gerçekleştirilen Ermeni tehcirinin askeri, demografik, idari yönleri üzerine ayrıntılı çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Oysa Ermeni tehciri; demografik, askeri ve idari yönleri yanında ekonomik anlamda da önemli sonuçlar ortaya çıkarmıştır. Fakat tehcirin ekonomi üzerindeki etkileri hakkında günümüze kadar ayrıntılı bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Bu çalışma ile öncelikle Merzifon kazasında tehcir öncesi Ermenilerin kaza nüfusu ve ekonomisi içindeki yerinin tespiti, tehcirin kaza nüfusu ve ekonomisi üzerindeki etkilerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Merzifon örneğinden hareketle de Ermeni tehcirinin, nüfus ve ekonomi üzerindeki etkilerine dikkat çekmek, genel bir fikir vermek amaçlanmıştır.
Kendine Ait Bir Cengiz Han
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN Sümeyra
Published: December 2020

Kitle İletişim araçlarının bugüne nispetle gelişmemiş bulunduğu 17. yüzyılda insanlar, dışındaki ve geçmişteki dünyayı anlatılarla kavrıyor, anlatılarla meram anlatıyor, bu anlatılar da geçmişe ve mevcuda dair imgeleri oluşturup biçimlendiriyordu. Matbaa ve sonraki teknik, araçların gelişimi anlatıların biçimini değiştirip zenginleştirdiyse de maksatlar ve kurgulanma teknikleri büyük ölçüde korundu. Anlatılar geçmişte ne olduğuna dair imge ve kavrayışlar verirken düşünce ve ideolojileri de bünyesinde barındırarak çeşitli maksatlara da hizmet etmekteydi. Birçok tarihî anlatı gerek masal, efsanelerde gerekse de seyahatnameler gibi zengin kaynaklarda yer bulmuştur. Bununla beraber tarihin bilim olmadığı savunusunda anlatı biçimliliği de bu sava kanıt olarak öne sürülmüştür. Bu çalışmada tarih araştırmaları için anlatının önemli olduğu ve tarihin ilmi değerine katkısı bulunduğu ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bunun yanında tarih ve anlatıları değerlendirme hususunda imgelerin yerine ve anlatılardaki ağırlıklarına yer verilmiştir. Anlatı aktarımı zaviyesinden de hayli zengin olan Evliya Çelebi’nin Seyahatnamesinde yer alan Cengiz Han ve Tatar nesebi anlatısı hem anlatı yapısının ve olay örgüleştirmenin mahareti bakımından hem de döneme dair taşıdığı anlayış ve olgusal izler bakımından değerlendirmeye gerek duymaktadır zira anlatı ayrıca önemli siyasi gerek ve meşruiyetler için de temel teşkil eder görünmektedir. Söz konusu anlatı ilgili döneme ait imgeleri de mündemicinde bulundurmasıyla dönemin anlayışını bazı yönleriyle ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmada bu hususiyetler tarih ve anlatılar içerisinde de imgelerin kıymetine yer verilirken diğer yandan anlatının tarih araştırmaları için bir kenara bırakılamayacak derecede mühim bir kaynak teşkil ettiğini olabildiğince göstermeye çalışılmaktadır.
Natural Interest Rate: Sraffa Vs. Hayek Debates
Authors: Kovalev Aleksandr
Published: December 2020

This article deal with the discussion between F. Hayek and P. Sraffa in the 1930s. This piece of the history of economic thought is not presented in the Russian-speaking literature. The main method is a content analysis. The directions of criticism Hayek’s business cycle theory by Sraffa and the response towards is analyzed in the paper. The author compared the opponents’ approaches to the essence of the equilibrium, to the savings-investments equality, to the possibility to lose capital as a result of malinvestments, to the role of expectations, and to the natural rate of interest. A version was offered for explaining the ineffectiveness of Hayek's answer to the question on the multiplicity of natural interest rates and the reasons why the barter economy has been perceived as theoretical basis of the Hayekian analysis. It is the inaccurate wording of the natural interest rate and the representation the theory within the framework of the equilibrium paradigm. The findings of the research may be applied to analyze the impact of interest rate regulation on the economic.
On the Effectiveness of Social Entrepreneurship Support in Russia
Authors: Ivashchenko Natalia , Buligina Natalia
Published: December 2020

This work aims to analyze the current development of social entrepreneurship in Russia, identify the characteristic features that accompany the development of the phenomenon, and analyze the financial sustainability of modern Russian social enterprises. For this purpose, a comparative analysis of the aggregate of social enterprises, supported by a specialized fund in 2015 is used (data provided by SPARK database). Within the framework of the research, the composition, direction and term of life of social and entrepreneurial projects are analyzed. The study showed that at the current time the analysis of the activities of many social enterprises is significantly hampered by their chosen organizational and legal form of activity, many enterprises are unstable or have ceased operations. This result allows us to conclude that there is a need for comprehensive and long-term support of social and entrepreneurial projects.
Differentiation of Business Management: a View from the Classroom
Authors: Vikhansky Oleg
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the paper is to identify the basic methodological features in teaching the issues concerning t he impact of business differentiation on corporate management. The article provides a set of pedagogical techniques used by the author in his fourth year undergraduate course in “Business Management”. The subject of the article is the methodology of teaching students an approach and ways to identify and identify the diversity of market behavior by a business organization, depending on a number of key market factors that form this diversity. The article presents a business positioning matrix developed by the author as a key analytical tool.
System Transition to the “Eco-Finance” Sustainable Growth: Evidence from Chinese and Russian Oil and Gas Companies
Authors: Стеблянская Alina , Zhen Vang , Gabdrahmanova Nailya , Aleroev Uvais
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we study how financial sustainable growth matters for environment protection and social responsibility. Financial decisions that take into account long-term social and environmental consequences should be central to the system of financially sustainable growth of oil and gas companies of the world, including Russia and China. Authors present Russia and China oil and gas industry system transition to «Green Finance» sustainable growth model results with interrelation financial, environmental and social factors. Study regarded in the context of economic growth theory, system economics theory and the theory of relativity. It was created Python 3.6. financial sustainable growth model for Russia and China. A dynamic model was built on the basis of the Ricci tensor. For sustainable growth intensity analysis, it was compared Financial sustainable index (FSI), Higgins’ sustainable growth rate (SGR), Ivashkovskaya’ sustainable growth index (SGI), Ivashkovskaya’ sustainable growth index modification (SGImodif) every period indicators’ average values and the graph’ average values of the Ricci curvatures (R). Using the Ricci curvature, the parameters of a dynamic model of sustainable growth are determined for Russia and for China oil and gas industry.Key words: sustainable growth, System Dynamic modelling, Ecological Finance, Ricci Curvature, environmental financial sustainable growth, Financial Sustainable Index (FSI).
Environmental Industrial Policy: Main Directions and Principles of its Development in Russia
Authors: Skobelev Dmitry
Published: December 2020

The research aims at the establishment of main principles, priorities and directions of the environmental industrial policy development in the Russian Federation. Environmental industrial policy is considered as a part of the industrial policy aimed at the formation of highly technological competitive national industry providing for the transfer of the economy from the export of raw materials to the innovation type of development. The international experience of the implementation of industrial policies is analysed; it is shown that re-industrialisation leads to strengthening the role of the state regulation and planning both in developed and developing countries. Peculiarities of the international approaches to forming “green” industrial policy are considered. Main principles of the environmental industrial policy development in the Russian Federation are formulated as follows: (1) industrial modernisation providing for the resource efficiency enhancement and the reduction of the negative environmental impact and (2) recycling of waste (its return to the economic cycle). It is emphasised that the environmental industrial policy priorities reflect foremost national purposes and strategic objectives of the Russian Federation development.
Development of Alternative Energy in Russia in the Context of a Low-Carbon Economy Model
Authors: Kudryavtseva Olga , Mitenkova Elena , Malikova Olga , Golovin Maksim
Published: December 2020

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the development of alternative energy in Russia as one of the key factors of forming a low-carbon economy model. Authors reviewed the main stages of forming the institutional environment which regulated the process of the transition to a low-carbon economy model and a wider use of alternative energy including renewable energy sources (RES).Authors analyzed the renewable energy industry in Russia. The empirical base of the study consists of auctions results conducted in the framework of the government support of RES during 2013-2018 and the information system “SPARK”. Using the Concentration ratio, the Herfindahl-Hirschman and the Hall-Tideman indices authors revealed a high level of concentration in this industry in the context of each type of RES. In addition, an analysis of the ownership structure of companies has shown that the most successful companies are companies in the form of partnerships between the state, a Russian company and / or a foreign company.
Memoria poética de la Guerra Civil: los poetas de la transición recuerdan a sus padres soldados
Authors: MORALES JOSÉ JURADO
Published: December 2020

Este artículo propone un acercamiento al concepto de memoria histórica a partir de la poesía. Se analiza un conjunto de poemas de escritores españoles nacidos en la posguerra, entre 1946 y 1955, y que publican sus primeros poemarios en los tiempos de la transición política, entre 1972 y 1980. Los poetas estudiados son Miguel d’Ors, Pere Rovira, Andrés Trapiello, Antonio Jiménez Millán y Julio Llamazares. Los poemas comentados tienen en común que están dedicados a sus padres y a la participación de estos como soldados en la Guerra Civil. Se muestra cómo estas evocaciones bélicas reflejan una relación paterno–filial que va desde el amor admirativo hasta el conflicto ideológico y les suponen un mecanismo para fijar sus propias señas de identidad. En suma, este artículo aborda la cuestión de la memoria histórica y la memoria privada de varios poetas de la generación de la transición de los años setenta.
REVOLUTIONISED TECHNOLOGIES FOR MARKETING: THEORETICAL REVIEW WITH FOCUS ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Peyravi Bahman , Nekrošienė Julija , Lobanova Liudmila
Published: December 2020

Information technology and its implications have shown significant developments in the last decades. The internet revolution and digital marketing have created a shrinking force on mass media advertising. They have formed the backbone of personalisation, marketing automation, neuromarketing, viral marketing, voice recognition, and conversion optimisation, and thus, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has risen as the phenomenon in marketing activities. Theoretical analysis of relevant researches on AI tools and future trends, presentation of conceptual framework and methodology design, and presentation of the research findings are the objectives of the research. This study has potential limitations such as the data collection process and access to the relevant literature. AI for marketing has already become a significant part of today’s competitive world, which utilising the marketing opportunities to obtain business goals and create breakthrough using AI. Hence, this paper aims to illustrate the theoretical review on the nexus between AI and marketing, which would lead to understanding the future scope of AI and its penetration in marketing activities.
DO POOR AND GOOD PERFORMING COMPANIES REPORT DIFFERENTLY? THE READABILITY AND IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT IN CORPORATE NARRATIVE DOCUMENTS: EVIDENCE FROM NORTHERN EUROPE
Authors: Pasko Oleh , Minta Stanislaw , Rudenko Serhii , Hordiyenko Mykola
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this paper is to assess the effect of financial performance on textual features of the CEO’s statement. Specifically, given the incentives of poorly performed companies engage in impression management, the study investigates whether companies’ reporting strategy hinges on its financial performance. The research questions are tested through analysis of a variety of textual features in the CEO’s statement of 30 good and 30 poor performed companies listed on NASDAQ OMX Stockholm. We apply a range of textual characteristics drawn mostly from prior studies in given realm to the specific research of impression management in the CEO’s report. Overall our findings do not corroborate impression management claim, as six out of seven our results run counter to assertions made by impression management research. We found although evidence that poorly performed companies more focused on future compared with good performed companies. Finally, we conclude by discussing our results and outlining some avenues for further research.
Frequency and genotype distribution of high risk human papillomavirus in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sultana Nuzhat , Shah Walayat , Iqbal Waheed , Pervez Shahid , Khan Ikramullah , Hanif Mohammad , Khan Imran
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a dismal disease exhibiting striking geographical differences in its incidence. It is multifactorial in origin. Among infectious agents, human papillomavirus (HPV) was introduced as a possible causative agent in the development of ESCC in 1982. Subsequent studies using various methods have confirmed the presence of HPV in ESCC. We aimed to determine the frequency of HPV in ESCC in northwest Pakistan which is part of high risk belt for this disease.

Methodology: This study was conducted on two hundred and forty-three (243) diagnosed cases of ESSC at two tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar, Pakistan, from 2011 to 2016. DNA was extracted from all specimens. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to check the quality of DNA using β-globin primers and frequency and genotypes of HPV using HPV general primers and type-specific primers respectively. HPV and its genotypes were confirmed through the sequencing of a few selected cases.

Results: Two hundred and three (203) tissue specimens had adequate DNA and were further analyzed. HPV positivity with general primers alone was 15.7% (32/203). Using HPV general primers and type-specific primers (HPV 16 or HPV 18), the overall positivity of HPV was 31% (63/203). For type-specific primers, frequency of HPV types 16 and 18 was 20.19% (41) and 7.8% (16) respectively where 6 cases were positive for both HPV 16 and 18.

Conclusions: The overall high prevalence of HPV indicates it as a possible risk factor for ESSC.
Oral melatonin improves the detection of parasitemia in malaria
Authors: Kedarisetty Chandan Kumar , Samaga B Laksminarayana , Vidyasagar Sudha , Venkataraman Jayanthi
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Malaria is a growing global threat and a major cause of mortality in the tropics. The gold standard diagnosis is peripheral blood smear examination. It has been demonstrated that melatonin acts as messenger molecule in malaria pathophysiology. This concept was used to evolve a clinical study wherein use of exogenous melatonin could improve the chance of detection of the parasite.

Methodology: In a prospective study, 80 consecutive patients seen in the Department of Medicine at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, suspected to have malarial fever were enrolled with proper informed consent, and randomly assigned to the groups given oral melatonin 3mg (melatonin group, n = 40) or placebo (control group, n = 40). Blood samples were collected for peripheral smear examination at baseline and then at two, three, four and five hours after drug administration. The primary end point was the parasite detection index.

Results: Baseline characteristics of patients were comparable. In the melatonin group, there was a significant increase of 0.0943 ± 0.22 in the mean parasite index from 0.217 ± 0.42 pre-melatonin to 0.3114 ± 0.5 post-melatonin (p = 0.001), compared to a difference of 0.0025 ± 0.22 in mean parasite index before and after placebo in the control group (p = 0.95). The maximum rise in parasite detection was seen at five hours after melatonin.

Conclusions: In a single centre study, for the first time, it has been shown that a significantly higher proportion of patients was diagnosed with malaria on peripheral smear after oral melatonin administration, maximal at five hours after administration of melatonin.
Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using 24-locus MIRU-VNTR typing and Spoligotyping in Upper Myanmar
Authors: Moe Sann Waing Waing , Namwat Wises , Faksri Kiatichai , Swe Thyn Lei , Swe Kyi Kyi , Thwin Thandar , Sangka Arunnee
Published: December 2020

Introduction: MIRU-VNTR typing and Spoligotyping are the useful molecular tools for TB epidemiology study. Information regarding genetic diversity and tuberculosis (TB) transmission in Upper Myanmar only is scares.

Methodology: We determined the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and TB transmission from Upper Myanmar TB Reference Laboratory, Mandalay Region, including Mandalay (72), Shan (22), Magway (15), Sagaing (13), Nay Pyi Taw (8), Kachin (7), Chin (2) and Kayah (1). One hundred and forty Mtb isolates were genotyped using 24-locus MIRU-VNTR typing and spoligotyping. Lineage classification and TB transmission analysis were performed.

Results: 24-locus MIRU-VNTR typing identified 135 unique profiles and two clusters compared to 35 spoligotyping profiles which contained 12 clusters and 23 unique isolates, Beijing (n=100, 71.4%) was found to be prominent lineage by combine two methods. The expected proportion attributable to recent transmission based on clustering rate was 2.1%. One cluster case was more likely to be in MDR patient.

Conclusions: Our findings showed Beijing genotypes were dominant in Upper Myanmar. The usage and analysis of 24-locus MIRU-VNTR typing might prove useful for our broader understanding of TB outbreaks and epidemiology than spoligotyping. The genotypic pattern of this combined method suggests that the lower transmission rate may be due to a higher possibility of reactivation cases in Upper Myanmar.
A case of infective endocarditis due to Herbaspirillum Huttiense in a pediatric oncology patient
Authors: Güngör Ahmet Alptuğ , Demirdağ Tugba B , Dinç Bedia , Azak Emine , Yazal Erdem Arzu , Kurtipek Burçin , Özkaya Parlakay Aslinur , Sarı Neriman
Published: December 2020

Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infection of the endocardium and/or heart valves that involves thrombus formation (vegetation). This condition might damage the endocardial tissue and/or valves. An indwelling central venous catheter is a major risk factor for bacteremia at-risked pediatric populations such as premature infants; children with cancer and/or connective tissue disorders. Herbaspirillum huttiense is a Gram-negative opportunistic bacillus that may cause bacteremia and pneumonia rarely in this fragile population. Herein we report the very first case of bacteremia and IE in a pediatric oncology patient caused by H. huttiense.
Water surface dynamics of the Studena dam, Pernik using Sentinel 2a and 2b satellite data
Authors: Jelev Georgi
Published: December 2020

This article presents the results of a study of the dynamics of the surface water area of the Studena dam using satellite images from Sentinel 2A and 2B. The period considered is from the beginning of 2019 to January 2020. The collected 35 cloud-free images from a total of 80 captured are organized in a spatial database in a GIS environment. A water index - MNDWI (Modiﬁed Normalized Difference Water) was used to determine the boundary of the water surface. The calculated areas for all images and their trends are analyzed by graph. For about seven months from the maximum annual area (0.91 km2) in June, a rapid decrease of 0.10 km2 per month is observed until the beginning of 2020, when the lowest value was measured – 0.23 km2.
Spatial modeling of archaeological landscapes with UAV and digital photogrammetry
Authors: Tzvetkov Jordan
Published: December 2020

The aim of this article is to present the results of spatial (2D and 3D) modeling of selected archaeological landscapes (Kaliakra, Chirakman, Provadia-Solnitsata, Debelt-Deultum, Halka Bunar) which was part of the project “Archaeological map of Bulgaria” during 2017 – 2018. To create these spatial models we used aerial (UAV) photography and digital photogrammetry. The main goal of this research was to prove the potential of UAV deployment of creating low-cost spatial models for archaeological tasks.
Combining live and lethal trapping to inform the management of alien invasive rodent populations in a tropical montane forest
Authors: Duron Quiterie , Cornulier Thomas , Vidal Eric , Bourguet Edouard , Ruffino Lise
Published: December 2020

On large inhabited islands where complete eradication of alien invasive rodents through the use of poison delivery is often not practical or acceptable, mechanical trapping may represent the only viable option to reduce their impact in areas of high biodiversity value. However, the feasibility of sustained rodent control by trapping remains uncertain under realistic operational constraints. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of non-toxic rat control strategies through a combination of lethal and live-trapping experiments, and scenario modelling, using the example of a remote montane rainforest of New Caledonia. Rat densities, estimated with spatially-explicit capture-recapture models, fluctuated seasonally (9.5–33.6 ind.ha-1). Capture probability (.01–.25) and home range sizes (HR95, .23–.75 ha) varied greatly according to trapping session, age class, sex and species. Controlling rats through the use of lethal trapping allowed maintaining rat densities at ca. 8 ind.ha-1 over a seven-month period in a 5.5-ha montane forest. Simulation models based on field parameter estimates over a 200-ha pilot management area indicated that without any financial and social constraints, trapping grids with the finest mesh sizes achieved cumulative capture probabilities > .90 after 15 trapping days, but were difficult to implement and sustain with the local workforce. We evaluated the costs and effectiveness of alternative trapping strategies taking into account the prevailing set of local constraints, and identified those that were likely to be successful. Scenario modelling, informed by trapping experiments, is a flexible tool for informing the design of sustainable control programs of island-invasive rodent populations, under idiosyncratic local circumstances.
Monadelpha (Euphorbiaceae, Plukenetieae), a new genus of Tragiinae from the Amazon rainforest of Venezuela and Brazil
Authors: Gillespie Lynn J. , Cardinal-McTeague Warren M. , Wurdack Kenneth J.
Published: December 2020

Monadelpha L.J.Gillespie & Card.-McTeag., gen. nov., is described as a new member of Euphorbiaceae tribe Plukenetieae subtribe Tragiinae, to accommodate Tragia guayanensis, a species known from western Amazonas, Venezuela and, newly reported here, from Amazonas, Brazil. The genus is unique in the subtribe for having 5-colpate pollen and staminate flowers with filaments entirely connate into an elongate, cylindrical staminal column terminated by a tight cluster of anthers. Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear rDNA ITS and sampling 156 accessions across the diversity of Tragiinae (all 12 genera and 77 of ~195 species) also support Monadelpha as a distinct lineage that is separate from Tragia. A revised key to the genera of Tragiinae in South America and Central America is provided.
COVID-19 : l’Afrique face à une crise mondiale
Authors: Eboko Fred , Schlimmer Sina
Published: December 2020

La pandémie de COVID-19 a moins frappé l’Afrique que redouté. L’expérience des précédentes épidémies, la pyramide des âges, ont certes joué, tout comme la réactivité de tous les acteurs : États, sociétés civiles, organisations régionales... Les effets économiques et financiers de la pandémie n’en sont pas moins redoutables. L’aide internationale est nécessaire, mais l’expérience de la gestion de cette crise pourrait aider à redéfinir les relations entre États africains et acteurs extérieurs. politique étrangère
Les enjeux de la Conférence d’examen du Traité de non-prolifération
Authors: de Champchesnel Tiphaine
Published: December 2020

Le Traité sur la non-prolifération des armes nucléaires (TNP) est entré en vigueur il y a un demi-siècle et a été prorogé de manière indéfinie voici 25 ans. C’est dans ce contexte de double anniversaire que devait se tenir la Conférence d’examen au printemps 2020. Reportée en raison de la crise sanitaire, elle devrait avoir lieu d’ici août 2021. Alors que de nombreux États contestent le TNP, l’hypothèse d’un nouvel échec des négociations – après celui de 2015 – paraît crédible. politique étrangère
La philosophie et le philosopher : retour sur un débat allemand
Authors: Partene Elena
Published: December 2020

Cet article se propose d’éclairer la notion de philosophie générale à partir d’un retour sur le célèbre mot kantien selon lequel on ne peut apprendre la philosophie, mais seulement à philosopher. Cette phrase a pu servir d’étendard à une certaine compréhension de la philosophie générale entendue comme opposée à l’histoire de la philosophie. C’est très clair dans le débat qui se noue avec Hegel, défenseur de l’histoire de la philosophie, qui ne manque pas une occasion de railler la formule kantienne. Il s’agit donc à la fois de comprendre les raisons de cette opposition et de montrer qu’en réalité ces deux positions ne s’excluent pas, mais qu’il est possible de donner une définition de la philosophie générale qui comprenne et nécessite l’histoire de la philosophie.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Children's Environmental Health
Authors: Woolf Alan D. , Pingali Hema , Hauptman Marissa
Published: December 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has dramatically altered the health and well-being of children, particularly as they have been isolated indoors and in their homes as a result of social distancing measures. In this article, we describe several of the environmental threats that are affecting the health of children during the pandemic. These include increased exposure to household cleaning products, chemicals and lead in dust, indoor air pollutants, screen time, family stress, and firearms, as well as decreased availability of food, social supports, and routine childhood screenings. Importantly, many of these threats disproportionately affect children of racial or ethnic minorities or who have low socioeconomic status. Pediatric health care providers will need to screen and treat children and counsel their parents and/or other caregivers during well-child visits with an eye for these new or worsened environmental threats.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2020;49(12):e537–e542.]
Strengthening Vaccine Confidence and Acceptance in the Pediatric Provider Office
Authors: Mbaeyi Sarah , Fisher Allison , Cohn Amanda
Published: December 2020

Although vaccine acceptance and uptake are overall high among children in the United States, vaccine delays or refusals are a growing concern. Vaccine hesitancy is a challenge for the pediatric provider, given the diverse factors associated with hesitancy and the limited evidence on effective strategies for addressing vaccine hesitancy in the provider office. In this article, we review available evidence and approaches for vaccine communication, including the importance of using a whole-team approach, building trust, starting the conversation early, using a presumptive approach for vaccine recommendations, motivational interviewing with parents who have concerns for vaccines, and additional techniques for responding to parent questions. We also review organizational strategies to help create a culture of immunization in the practice, including evidence-based approaches for increasing vaccine uptake and efficiency. Although these communication approaches and organizational strategies are intended to reassure parents who are vaccine hesitant that all routine, universally recommended vaccines are safe and effective, they likely will take on increased significance as the development, implementation, and evaluation of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines continue to unfold.

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Pediatr Ann
. 2020;49(12):e523–e531.]
COVID-19 Vaccines: A Primer for Clinicians
Authors: Romero José R. , Bernstein Henry H.
Published: December 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the identified cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), continues unabated. This fact, coupled with recurrence of COVID-19 in areas where it had been controlled, highlights the critical need for a safe and effective vaccine to prevent and mitigate this novel virus. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is important in its lifecycle as well as in the development of immunity after human infection. This has prompted the selection of this antigen as a focus in developing COVID-19 vaccines. This article provides (1) a summary of the host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, (2) the vaccine platforms being used with COVID-19 vaccine candidates undergoing, or about to undergo, Phase III clinical trial testing, and (3) an overview of the key criteria necessary for COVID-19 vaccine efficacy and safety. In addition, the unique concept of vaccine-enhanced disease will be discussed.

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Pediatr Ann
. 2020;49(12):e532–e536.]
Tamna i svijetla strana tamne brojke kriminala: o izazovima istraživanja nepoznanica i blagoslovu neznanja
Authors:   Pravni fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Zagreb, Hrvatska, Getoš Kalac Anna-Maria , Pribisalić Dalia ,   Pravni fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Published: December 2020

In the paper at hand the authors critically analyse the state of the art in the research into the dark figure of crime, as well as the conceptual and methodological challenges that are inherent to this kind of research. They do so based on current international, foreign and domestic studies, with the goal of highlighting not only the commonly stressed ‘dark side’ of the dark figure of crime, but also in order to raise awareness of its almost completely disregarded ‘bright side’. In this regard the bright side of the dark figure of crime relates to the thesis of the so-called preventive effect of ignorance (germ. Präventivwirkung des Nichtwissens) and presents a phenomenon with a vastly important positive function which has thus far been completely neglected in the domestic criminological and criminal law discourse. This function basically ensures that the criminal justice response to criminal behaviour is perceived as comprehensive and effective. Without such perception the general preventive effect, as envisaged by criminal law, would be unsubstantial. By highlighting the dark figure’s bright side, the authors on the one hand aspire to make a scientific contribution to the comprehensiveness of the discourse about the dark figure of crime in Croatia, while on the other hand they illustrate the unsolvable conceptual and almost unavoidable methodological challenges which are inherent to the attempts of shedding light upon the dark figure of crime. The authors’ intention is neither to devalorize dark figure research in general, nor to bring about resignation with regard to enterprises seeking to reveal the dark figure of certain types of crime by means of victimisation or self-report studies. It is rather the intention of the authors to comprehensively and critically examine the dark figure phenomenon in all its complexity, vividness and mutual interwovenness with the criminal justice actors, and while doing so to neither underestimate the dark figure’s negative cognitive effects, nor to ignore its overly positive function in the service of norm stabilisation and sustaining the repressive system, as well as society as a whole.
The Impact of Electronic Word of Mouth on Brand Evaluation Leading to Brand Attachment: A Comparative Study on Consumer Electronics and Cosmetic Brands in Sri Lanka
Authors: Madhusanka J. D. T. , Weerasiri R. A. S. , Karunarathne W. V. A. D.
Published: December 2020

The traditional medium of communication has been changed with the invention of digital technologies and World Wide Web as a result of it conventional word of mouth has converted in to electronic word of mouth communication. Sharing Opinions about products services and brands has a created a new trend in the social media. This raises the need to study how companies can measure the effects of e-WOM communications and how e-WOM compares itself with other forms of marketing communication and branding. Measurement items are adapted from existing scales found in the marketing literature. The scales are evaluated for reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity using data collected in the survey. A structural equation modeling procedure is applied to the data analysis. The research model was tested empirically using a sample of 400 respondents who had experience within online communities of customers during the period of research. Argument quality dimension of electronic word of mouth reported highest impact on consumer brand attachment. The study found that e-WOM is one of the most effective factors influencing brand evaluation and brand attachment of brands in consumer electronic industry and cosmetic industry.
What is Hidden in Colours? An Empirical Study on the Perception of Colours by Youth in India
Authors: Ramanathan H. N. , De Alwis A. C. , Murali V.
Published: December 2020

Colour is an inexpensive and effective tool used to create a positive opinion of the consumers about the brand/product. The colour has a powerful impact on all the life aspects at the subconscious level. The primary purpose of this study is to find the correspondence between the perception attributes associated with colours, and the study had examined the relationship between colour and attributes in a multidimensional space. Questionnaires were used to collect the data. The research design was descriptive. The target population for the present research is focused on youth in India in the age group of 20-25 years and the number of respondents selected for conducting the study was 120. Six colours were taken, and the correspondence of these colours with the attributes was mapped in a two-dimensional space. When correspondence analysis test was conducted, it was found that royal attribute is closely associated with is closer to trustworthy attribute, green is closer to attributes such as faith, nurturing, safety and warmth and white is closer to attributes such as faith and trustworthy which signifies that different colours have a different perpetual impact on consumers.
CSR Practices in the Maldives: A Post-Baseline Study
Authors: Abdulla Mohamed
Published: December 2020

A baseline study on CSR was conducted in the Maldives in 2010 to understand the level of CSR engagement among the business community and non-corporate stakeholders of CSR promotion in the Maldives and develop recommendations for a CSR policy framework for the Maldives. The study revealed that CSR was understood in the Maldives in its surface level only. Philanthropic activities were the main CSR consideration and were not widely practiced. Only large public limited companies and the resorts maintain some mainstream CSR practices. This report highlights the progress made in CSR in the decade that followed the baseline study. The report was written based on the analysis of a three recent sustainability reports of the Maldivian resorts. A remarkable progress on ethical dimension and a minimal progress on philanthropic dimension were evident.
The Impact of Destination Attractiveness on Tourists’ Motivation to Consume Local Foods
Authors: Danthanarayana Chathuri Piumika , Ranasinghe Ruwan
Published: December 2020

Although the food is an important aspect in tourism industry, there are limited studies on motivation to consume local foods in tourist destinations. Thus, this study concerns the destination food brand image towards the local foods and motivation to consume local foods based on different destination attractions. Basically, this has main three objectives; to identify the relationship between destination attractiveness, destination food brand image and motivation to consume local foods; impact of destination attractiveness to motivate the tourists’ local food consumption; and how destination food brand images mediate the destination attractiveness and motivation to local food consumption. Five underlying factors were analyzed under destination attractiveness of local food consumption were labeled: cultural experience; authentic experience; food health; sensory appeal; and physical excitement. Primary data has collected from three hundred tourists from Ella and Nuwara Eliya tourist zones and convenience sampling technique has used to select tourists to collect data. Structured questionnaire has fielded among respondents to collect data and SPSS software has used to analyze the collected data. Descriptive statistics, Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation, multiple linear regression analysis and Baron and Kenny model of mediator analysis used to analyze the data. Empirical results revealed that destination attractiveness as well as destination food brand image can significantly enhance tourists’ motivation to consume local foods. It implies that destination food brand image partially mediates the relationship between destination attractiveness and motivation to consume local foods. Based on the outcomes, study makes a theoretical contribution and applications of the model are discussed both in terms of practical and managerial implications.
Determinants of Financial Literacy: with Special Reference to Consumers in Financial Service Industry
Authors: Kumari D. A. T.
Published: December 2020

The financial literacy is a key dimension which determines the demand of the financial services in the economy. However, most of the previous studies and financial decision makers believe financial literacy in different perspectives. Therefore, it is timely important to identify the main determinants of the financial literacy among potential customers in financial service industry. Accordingly, present study is mainly focused on identifying and verifying the key determinants of the financial literacy in the customer’s point of view in the financial service sector. The study adopted the positivism epistemology and quantitative approach. At the initial phase of the study, the extensive literature review was carried out with the purpose of identifying the determinants of financial literacy. In the second phase, a survey was conducted among 500 potential financial services customers representing nine provinces in Sri Lanka, with the assistance of a researcher administrated questionnaire. The sample was selected based on the multilevel mixed sampling method and the unit of analysis was the head of households in Sri Lanka. Furthermore, a partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) was employed as the principle data analysis approach, and Smart PLS 3 was employed as the main analytical software. Degree of financial literacy was tested based on 22 items identified by previous researchers and Principle Component Analysis was employed to determine the key factors of financial literacy. The reliability of scales was measured by Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients.  The findings revealed that in general, all financial literacy dimensions have significant impact to determine the level of financial literacy. However, when it considers under separate dimensions, financial knowledge is the most significant determinant among the other determinants to determine the level of financial literacy. Therefore, researcher concluded that financial knowledge can be considered as a main determinant of financial literacy among potential customers of financial services in Sri Lanka. And the financial awareness is identified as the least significant determinant. Finally, the researcher provides some suggestions for marketing practitioners of financial service industry and government policy decision makers to develop financial literacy level by promoting financial knowledge for absorbing more consumers towards formal financial system and products of financial services.
Networking within Divisional Secretaries and its Impact on Organizational Performance (Special reference to Divisional Secretaries in Sri Lanka)
Authors: Perera H. S. C. , Gunawardana T. S. L. W. , Gunarathna K. A. W. L. W.
Published: December 2020

The networking among organizations and within the organization is very important to achieve vision, mission and the performance of any organization. Although there are studies about networking in a global context, it is hard to find networking related studies in the local context. Therefore, this study of networking within divisional secretaries and its impact on their performance is important. The main objective of this study is to analysis the networking within the divisional secretaries and its impact on the performance of those divisional secretaries. The studies depend upon the answers based on the questionnaire survey. Although the networks fall into two principal categories such as inter-firm networks and inter-personal networks, this study is limited to studying interpersonal network. The network is a vague concept and it consists of a set of actors (“nodes”) and the relations (“ties” or “edges”) between these actors. Relevant literature discussed to build the analytical framework and different theories of networking such as theories of self-interest, social exchange and dependency theory, mutual interest and collective action, a family of cognitive theories and theory of homophily. It reviewed the relevant literature on job performance and networking related performance. It also discussed the divisional administration and divisional secretaries. In this study impact of networking on the performance of divisional secretaries was measured with five independent variables such as instrumental network, expressive network, friendship network, advice network and knowledge network. Primary and secondary data were used to analyze the networking related performance. The survey was done throughout the all divisional secretaries in Sri Lanka via a questionnaire and collected data were analyzed by using Structural equation modelling (SEM). According to the study, the most important and affected networking activity which was highly affected by the performance is the knowledge network. Friendship network and instrumental network are the second and third networks effects on performance that is to follow on respectively. The expressive network has a moderate effect on performance while the advice network shows no positive effect on performance.
The effects of health care programs for gestational diabetes mellitus in South Korea: a systematic review
Authors: Park Seo Jin , Lee Jina
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and characteristics of health care programs for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Korea. This study was conducted according to the Cochrane Collaboration’s systematic literature review handbook and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guideline. We searched eight international and domestic electronic databases for relevant studies. Two reviewers independently selected the studies and extracted data. For each study, information on the research method, participants, characteristics of the program, and results were extracted using a previously established coding table. The National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency’s risk of bias assessment tool for non-randomized studies was used to assess the risk of bias of the included articles. A qualitative review of the selected studies was performed because the interventions differed considerably and the measured outcomes varied. Out of 128 initially identified papers, seven were included in the final analysis. The risk of bias was evaluated as generally low. Health care programs for pregnant women with GDM showed positive effects on blood glucose control. Anxiety and depression were reduced, and self-management and self-care behavior, self-efficacy, and maternal identity improved. Our study provides clinical evidence for the effectiveness of health care programs for pregnant women with GDM, and its results can be used to support the development of health care programs for GDM. More well-designed research is needed on GDM, especially studies that deal with emotional stress and apply a family-oriented approach.
The determination of uranium in concentrates by the fluorophotometric method
Authors: Zimmerman J B , Rabbitts F T , Kornelsen E D
Published: December 2020

The quantitative determination of uranium in minerals and ores, based on the fluorescence emitted by uranyl fluoride when irradiated with ultraviolet light, has been extended to the analysis of gravity and chemical concentrates for uranium. Two important
modifications to the previous method have been introduced. Firstly, a modified micropipette is used to minimise pipetting errors; and, secondly, a sufficiently large number of determinations is obtained to give a good statistical average. The method is rapid and simple. Interferences are usually
negligible, but, if appreciable, can be eliminated by a simple separation. Good precision and accuracy can be attained.
Cyclone atomizer for briquet binder
Authors: Visman J
Published: December 2020

A description is given of a pneumatic cyclone nozzle for atomizing viscous briquet binder, such as molten asphalt, with the aid of steam, preferably superheated, or hot compressed air. The hot liquid binder is subjected to the shearing stresses created by steam
escaping through the annular opening of the atomizer, and is dis integrated to a fine mist of droplets whose total surface area is of the same order of magnitude as the surface area of the briquetting coal. The cyclone atomizer can be installed in any briquetting plant of conventional design.
Commercial tests showed that by producing a more homogeneous mix than does the usual emulsifier, an increase in the compressive strength of the briquets equivalent to the use of an additional one-half per cent of asphalt resulted. This enables a reduction in asphalt for a given required briquet
strength with attendant improvement in the economics. The weight of steam consumed in the atomizer is higher than in the emulsifier at approximately 900 lbs. /hr. for a 25 ton/hr. briquetting unit, or about one-half of the weight of asphalt consumed. The overall consumption of steam, however, may be
no more or even lower than when using the emulsifier because the steam supply to the preheater and/or fluxer can be reduced.