bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conservation and Development: Reassessing the Florida 2070 Planning Project with Spatial Conservation Prioritization
Authors: Lin Fengze , Zhu Mingjian , Chen Fengming
Published: December 2022

The state of Florida is renowned for its globally recognized biodiversity richness, but it currently suffers from an ongoing population boom and corresponding urban sprawl resulting in the emergence of severe conservation conflicts, especially in southern parts of Florida. To mitigate the intense competing land use situation and comprehend the dynamic complex relationship between conservation and development, this study argues that both ecological and social dimensions should be taken into account for spatial analysis and underpin zoning decisions empirically in the phase of landscape planning. Choosing South Florida as the study site, we implemented focal-species-based spatial conservation prioritization analysis using Zonation software to identify the highest priority areas and accordingly evaluate two varying land use scenarios provided by the Florida 2070 Project. From a novel perspective of impact avoidance, the inverse prioritization method was applied in this study, intended to minimize negative human impacts and examine the effectiveness and suitability of Florida’s future land use projections. After comparing and integrating social-ecological data through mapping, the study uncovered a holistic view of conservation conflicts in Florida and articulated trade-offs for all parties of the local ecosystem striving to reconcile human–wildlife conflicts in Florida and imply a sustainable win-win strategy in the stage of regional landscape planning.
Are Cave Houses a Sustainable Real Estate Alternative?
Authors: Cespedes-Lopez Maria-Francisca , Mora-Garcia Raul-Tomas
Published: December 2022

The high level of energy consumption of buildings has outlined the need for more sustainable and environmentally friendly constructions, which has led to cave houses now being more highly valued. This study looks to study whether sustainable constructions, such as cave houses, have an economic impact with regard to other construction types in the real estate market in Granada. Moreover, this study looks to determine whether energy rating is a relevant characteristic for the price of cave houses and whether the price determinants vary according to whether the house in question is a cave house or a single-family one. To develop this study, a final sample of 61,573 properties was used. A regression model estimated by ordinary least squares was performed. This study shows that cave houses are being marketed at higher prices than single-family houses. It was noted that energy rating is not an important characteristic for estimating the price of a cave house. Finally, in this type of housing, refrigeration equipment is not one of the determining characteristics for the price.
Bringing Antimicrobial Strategies to a New Level: The Quorum Sensing System as a Target to Control Streptococcus suis
Authors: Xue Bingqian , Shen Yamin , Zuo Jing , Song Dong , Fan Qingying , Zhang Xiaoling , Yi Li , Wang Yang
Published: December 2022

Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important zoonotic pathogen. It mainly uses quorum sensing (QS) to adapt to complex and changeable environments. QS is a universal cell-to-cell communication system that has been widely studied for its physiological functions, including the regulation of bacterial adhesion, virulence, and biofilm formation. Quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs) are highly effective at interfering with the QS system and bacteria have trouble developing resistance to them. We review the current research status of the S. suis LuxS/AI-2 QS system and QSIs. Studies showed that by inhibiting the formation of AI-2, targeting the LuxS protein, inhibiting the expression of luxs gene can control the LuxS/AI-2 QS system of S. suis. Other potential QSIs targets are summarized, which may be preventing and treating S. suis infections, including AI-2 production, transmission, LuxS protein, blockage of AI-2 binding to receptors, AI-2-mediated QS. Since antibiotics are becoming increasingly ineffective due to the emergence of resistant bacteria, including S. suis, it is thus critical to find new antibacterial drugs with different mechanisms of action. QSIs provide hope for the development of such drugs.
Categorization of the Aqueous Deficient Dry Eye by a Cut-Off Criterion of TMH Measured with Tearscope
Authors: Sabucedo-Villamarin Belen , Pena-Verdeal Hugo , Garcia-Queiruga Jacobo , Giraldez Maria Jesus , Garcia-Resua Carlos , Yebra-Pimentel Eva
Published: December 2022

A decrease of the Tear Meniscus Height (TMH) has been proposed as a useful indicator for Aqueous Deficient Dry Eye (ADDE) categorization. The present study aimed to calculate a TMH cut-off criterion for the categorization or severity assessment of ADDE with the Tearscope. 200 participants with a previous Dry Eye Disease (DED) diagnosis according to TFOS DEWS-II criteria were recruited. TMH by slit-lamp illumination and Lipid Layer Pattern (LLP) with Tearscope were assessed to categorise the participants into the ADDE or the Evaporative Dry Eye (EDE) group. The ADDE group was also subdivided into Mild-moderate ADDE and Moderate-severe ADDE based on TMH with slit-lamp. Additionally, the TMH was measured by Tearscope (TMH-Tc). Receiver Operating Characteristics showed that the TMH-Tc have a diagnostic capability to differentiate between ADDE and EDE participants, and between Mild-moderate or Moderate-severe ADDE, with a cut-off value of 0.159 mm (AUC = 0.843 ± 0.035, p < 0.001; sensitivity: 86.4%; specificity: 75.4%) and 0.105 mm (AUC = 0.953 ± 0.025, p < 0.001; sensitivity: 98.1%; specificity: 80.0%), respectively. The present study proposed a cut-off criterion to differentiate between ADDE and EDE participants, or between ADDE severities through TMH assessed by Tearscope.
Promiscuous Receptors and Neuroinflammation: The Formyl Peptide Class
Authors: Wickstead Edward S. , Solito Egle , McArthur Simon
Published: December 2022

Formyl peptide receptors, abbreviated as FPRs in humans, are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) mainly found in mammalian leukocytes. However, they are also expressed in cell types crucial for homeostatic brain regulation, including microglia and blood–brain barrier endothelial cells. Thus, the roles of these immune-associated receptors are extensive, from governing cellular adhesion and directed migration through chemotaxis, to granule release and superoxide formation, to phagocytosis and efferocytosis. In this review, we will describe the similarities and differences between the two principal pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory FPRs, FPR1 and FPR2, and the evidence for their importance in the development of neuroinflammatory disease, alongside their potential as therapeutic targets.
The Implementation of a Health Care Worker Screening Program Based on the Advanta RT-qPCR Saliva Assay in a Tertiary Care Referral Hospital in Northern Greece
Authors: Balaska Sofia , Parasidou Eleftheria , Takardaki Anna , Koutra Paraskevoula , Chrysafi Dimitra , Tychala Areti , Metallidis Simeon , Meletis Georgios , Skoura Lemonia
Published: December 2022

Health care workers are at increased risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection due to different exposures in the community and in hospital settings. Interventions implemented to avoid nosocomial outbreaks include preventive testing strategies. In this report, we present results from the mass screening program applied in our hospital to all professionals, irrespective of symptoms or risk of exposure. We processed saliva specimens with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The total number of samples received was 43,726. Positive results were 672 and average positivity rate was 1.21%. The average positivity rate was similar to the positivity rate in the community in Greece and EU. More specifically, 80.5% of the positive participants care for patients in their daily activities, 31% experienced no symptoms before receiving the positive result, 46.1% reported a close contact with a patient or infected coworkers and 32.8% reported a close contact with infected family members. We believe that the identification of asymptomatic carriers has proved the effectiveness of the screening program by preventing the putative nosocomial spread of the virus and the depletion of workforce. In conclusion, in times of high incidence in the community, the periodic testing of health care personnel is wise and relevant for implementation costs.
Hollow Silica Nano and Micro Spheres with Polystyrene Templating: A Mini-Review
Authors: Gurung Siddharth , Gucci Francesco , Cairns Gareth , Chianella Iva , Leighton Glenn J. T.
Published: December 2022

Synthesis of monodisperse hollow silica nanospheres, especially using a hard template route, has been shown to be successful, but a high yield is needed for this strategy to be used on an industrial scale. On the other hand, there is a research gap in the synthesis of hollow silica microspheres due to the popularity and easiness of the synthesis of silica nanospheres despite the larger spheres being beneficial in some fields. In this review, current trends in producing hollow silica nanospheres using hard templates, especially polystyrene, are briefly presented. Soft templates have also been used to make highly polydisperse hollow silica spheres, and complex designs have improved polydispersity. The effect of the main parameters on the coating is presented here to provide a basic understanding of the interactions between the silica and template surface in the absence or presence of surfactants. Surface charge, surface modification, parameters in the sol–gel method and interaction between the silica and templates need to be further improved to have a uniform coating and better control over the size, dispersity, wall thickness and porosity. As larger organic templates will have lower surface energy, the efficiency of the micro sphere synthesis needs to be improved. Control over the physical structure of hollow silica spheres will open up many opportunities for them to be extensively used in fields ranging from waste removal to energy storage.
Fault-Tolerant Predictive Current Control of Six-Phase PMSMs with a Single Isolated Neutral Configuration
Authors: Gonçalves Pedro , Cruz Sérgio , Mendes André
Published: December 2022

Six-phase machines are increasingly used in safety-critical applications due to their inherent fault-tolerant capabilities. Due to the greater complexity of controlling six-phase machines and the fast dynamics required in safety-critical applications, finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) emerged as an ideal candidate for the control of six-phase machines. However, most of the available FCS-MPC strategies only apply to six-phase machines where the two sets of three-phase windings are star-connected with isolated neutral points (2N). Nevertheless, the 2N configuration does not take full advantage of the machine’s capabilities in terms of fault tolerance. Hence, this paper proposes a predictive current control strategy based on virtual vectors for six-phase permanent magnet synchronous (PMSM) drives with a single isolated neutral point (1N) configuration. The proposed method reduces the current harmonic distortion, decreases the copper losses, and is suitable to operate the six-phase drive in fault-tolerant conditions. The included simulation and experimental results demonstrate the good performance obtained with the proposed strategy.
Neural Network-Based Hybrid Forecasting Models for Time-Varying Passenger Flow of Intercity High-Speed Railways
Authors: Su Huanyin , Peng Shuting , Mo Shanglin , Wu Kaixin
Published: December 2022

Time-varying passenger flow is the input data in the optimization design of intercity high-speed railway transportation products, and it plays an important role. Therefore, it is necessary to predict the origin-destination (O-D) passenger flow at different times of the day in combination with the stable time-varying characteristics. In this paper, three neural network-based hybrid forecasting models are designed and compared, named Variational Mode Decomposition-Multilayer Perceptron (VMD-MLP), Variational Mode Decomposition-Gated Recurrent Unit Neural Network (VMD-GRU), and Variational Mode Decomposition-Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network (VMD-Bi-LSTM). First, the time-varying characteristics of passenger travel demand under different time granularities are analyzed and extracted by the VMD method. Second, three neural network prediction models are constructed to predict the passenger flow sequence after VMD decomposition and reconstruction. Experimental analysis is performed on the Guangzhou Zhuhai intercity high-speed railway in China, and the passenger flow at different time periods of the day under different time granularities is predicted. The following results were found: (i) The number of hidden neurons and the number of iterations of the hybrid forecasting model have a great impact on the prediction accuracy. The error of the VMD-MLP model fluctuates less and it performs more smoothly than both the VMD-GRU model and the VMD-Bi-LSTM model. (ii) The VMD-MLP, VMD-GRU, and VMD-Bi-LSTM models can basically reduce the MAPE error to less than 10%. With the increase of time granularity, RMSE and MAE errors tend to gradually increase, while the MAPE error tends to gradually decrease. (iii) For passenger flow under a smaller time granularity, the prediction accuracy of the VMD-MLP model is higher, while for passenger flow under a larger time granularity, the prediction accuracy of the VMD-GRU and VMD-Bi-LSTM models is higher. (iv) The proposed neural network-based hybrid models outperform the existing models and the hybrid models perform better than the single models.
A Guaranteed Approximation Algorithm for QoS Anypath Routing in WMNs
Authors: Yang Weijun , Zeng Xianxian , Lai Guanyu
Published: December 2022

Anypath routing is a hot research topic for QoS guarantee in wireless mesh networks (WMNs). According to time-varying characteristics of WMNs and the idea of anypath routing, a system network modeling method is proposed to address the multiple constrained optimization anypath problem. It focuses on the application of WMNs; under various QoS constraints, it satisfies a specific constraint and approaches other QoS constraints from an approximate perspective. A heuristic multi-constrained anypath algorithm with a time complexity as Dijkstra is proposed for the problem, and the algorithm is proved to be a K-1 approximation algorithm. The feasibility of the algorithm is verified, then its computational efficiency and performance are evaluated through simulation experiments, respectively. According to the application characteristics of wireless networks, the algorithm is suitable for WMNs and has good compatibility with existing routing protocols.
Asymptotic Stability for the 2D Navier–Stokes Equations with Multidelays on Lipschitz Domain
Authors: Zhang Ling-Rui , Yang Xin-Guang , Su Ke-Qin
Published: December 2022

This paper is concerned with the asymptotic stability derived for the two-dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes equations with multidelays on Lipschitz domain, which models the control theory of 2D fluid flow. By a new retarded Gronwall inequality and estimates of stream function for Stokes equations, the complete trajectories inside pullback attractors are asymptotically stable via the restriction on the generalized Grashof number of fluid flow. The results in this presented paper are some extension of the literature by Yang, Wang, Yan and Miranville in 2021, as well as also the preprint by Su, Yang, Miranville and Yang in 2022
Magnetic Field Influence of Photo-Mechanical-Thermal Waves for Optically Excited Microelongated Semiconductor
Authors: Saeed Abdulkafi M. , Lotfy Khaled , Ahmed Marwa H.
Published: December 2022

A theoretical novel model is investigated that describes the dynamic effects of the microelongation processes of an exciting semiconductor medium. The influence of the magnetic field for the optically excited medium is taken into consideration according to the photothermal transport characteristics. The governing equations were derived during the electronic (ED) and thermoelastic (TED) deformation processes when the microelongation parameters of the semiconductor medium were taken into account. The interference between thermal-magnetic-microelongat-plasma-mechanical waves is investigated. The dimensionless expressions are utilized to solve the main equations according to the harmonic wave technique in two-dimensional (2D) deformation. The complete solutions of the expressions of the physical field were obtained when some conditions were taken on the outer semiconductor surface. The theoretical microelongated semiconductor model in this investigation was checked by comparing it with some previous studies. The numerical simulation for the main physical field distributions is graphically displayed when the silicon (Si) material is used. The impact of various factors such as the magnetic field, thermal memory effect, and microelongation on the wave propagations for main fields was discussed.
Marine-Derived Actinomycetes: Biodegradation of Plastics and Formation of PHA Bioplastics—A Circular Bioeconomy Approach
Authors: Oliveira Juliana , Almeida Pedro L. , Sobral Rita G. , Lourenço Nídia D. , Gaudêncio Susana P.
Published: December 2022

Plastics are present in the majority of daily-use products worldwide. Due to society’s production and consumption patterns, plastics are accumulating in the environment, causing global pollution issues and intergenerational impacts. Our work aims to contribute to the development of solutions and sustainable methods to mitigate this pressing problem, focusing on the ability of marine-derived actinomycetes to accelerate plastics biodegradation and produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), which are biodegradable bioplastics. The thin plastic films’ biodegradation was monitored by weight loss, changes in the surface chemical structure (Infra-Red spectroscopy FTIR-ATR), and by mechanical properties (tensile strength tests). Thirty-six marine-derived actinomycete strains were screened for their plastic biodegradability potential. Among these, Streptomyces gougerotti, Micromonospora matsumotoense, and Nocardiopsis prasina revealed ability to degrade plastic films—low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene (PS) and polylactic acid (PLA) in varying conditions, namely upon the addition of yeast extract to the culture media and the use of UV pre-treated thin plastic films. Enhanced biodegradation by these bacteria was observed in both cases. S. gougerotti degraded 0.56% of LDPE films treated with UV radiation and 0.67% of PS films when inoculated with yeast extract. Additionally, N. prasina degraded 1.27% of PLA films when these were treated with UV radiation, and yeast extract was added to the culture medium. The main and most frequent differences observed in FTIR-ATR spectra during biodegradation occurred at 1740 cm−1, indicating the formation of carbonyl groups and an increase in the intensity of the bands, which indicates oxidation. Young Modulus decreased by 30% on average. In addition, S. gougerotti and M. matsumotoense, besides biodegrading conventional plastics (LDPE and PS), were also able to use these as a carbon source to produce degradable PHA bioplastics in a circular economy concept.
Iatrogenic Ankle Charcot Neuropathic Arthropathy after Spinal Surgery: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Kim Sung Hwan , Kim Woo-Jong , Park Eun Seok , Kim Jun Yong , Lee Young Koo
Published: December 2022

Charcot neuropathic arthropathy is a relatively rare, chronic disease that leads to joint destruction and reduced quality of life of patients. Early diagnosis of Charcot arthropathy is essential for a good outcome. However, the diagnosis is often based on the clinical course and longitudinal follow-up of patients is required. Charcot arthropathy is suspected in patients with suggestive symptoms and an underlying etiology. Failed spinal surgery is not a known cause of Charcot arthropathy. Herein we report a patient with ankle Charcot neuropathic arthropathy that developed after failed spinal surgery. A 58-year-old man presented to the emergency room due to painful swelling of the left ankle for 2 weeks that developed spontaneously. He underwent spinal surgery 8 years ago that was associated with nerve damage, which led to weakness of great toe extension and ankle dorsiflexion, and sensory loss below the knee. CT and T2-weighted sagittal MRI showed a fine erosive lesion, subluxation, sclerosis, fragmentation, and large bone defects. Based on the patient’s history and radiological findings, Charcot arthropathy was diagnosed. However, the abnormal blood parameters, positive blood cultures, and severe pain despite the decreased sensation suggested a diagnosis of septic arthritis. Therefore, diagnostic arthroscopy was performed. The ankle joint exhibited continued destruction after the initial surgery. Consequently, several repeat surgeries were performed over the next 2 years. Despite the early diagnosis and treatment of Charcot arthropathy, the destruction of the ankle joint continued. Given the chronic disease course and poor prognosis of Charcot arthropathy, it is essential to consider this diagnosis in patients with neuropathy.
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy and β-Blocker Poisoning: A Case Report
Authors: Popa-Fotea Nicoleta-Monica , Micheu Miruna Mihaela , Mihai Cosmin , State Ruxandra , Tincu Radu , Scafa-Udriste Alexandru
Published: December 2022

β-blocker poisoning is frequently observed because of its primary use for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The management of β-blocker toxicity is dependent on the cardiovascular response and the severity of presentation. The present study describes the case of a patient with combined drug intoxication, β-blocker, digoxin, benzodiazepines, acetaminophen and opiates in a suicidal attempt. A 63-year-old female was found somnolent and in a confused state at her residence following intentional poly-drug ingestion. Upon presentation, she was found to be hemodynamically unstable and was thus treated with vasopressors. The toxicological screening performed upon presentation was positive for polydrug ingestion. On day 3, the patient developed chest pain and ST-segment elevation in anterior leads, while transthoracic echocardiographic assessment disclosed a non-dilated left ventricle with moderate dysfunction and akinesia of the apex. Coronary angiogram revealed normal coronary arteries and, subsequently, the diagnosis of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) was suspected. Supportive treatment was initiated with favorable evolution and left ventricular ejection fraction normalization. The management of hemodynamic instability with vasopressors should be judiciously administered in the treatment of β-blocker poisoning, in view of the adverse effects on cardiac functions, including stress cardiomyopathy.
Minimizing Specific Energy Consumption of Electrochemical Hydrogen Compressor at Various Operating Conditions Using Pseudo-2D Model Simulation
Authors: Kim Changhyun , Gong Myungkeun , Lee Jaewon , Na Youngseung
Published: December 2022

With the increased usage of hydrocarbon-based fossil fuels, air pollution and global warming have accelerated. To solve this problem, renewable energy, such as hydrogen technology, has gained global attention. Hydrogen has a low volumetric density and thus requires compression technologies at high pressures to reduce storage and transportation costs. Techniques for compressing hydrogen include using mechanical and electrochemical hydrogen compressors. Mechanical compressors require higher specific energy consumption than electrochemical hydrogen compressors. Here, we used an electrochemical hydrogen compressor as a pseudo-two-dimensional model focused on electroosmotic drag, water back-diffusion, and hydrogen crossover flux at various temperatures, polymer electrolyte membrane thicknesses, and relative humidity conditions. To date, there have been few studies based on various operating conditions to find the optimal conditions. This study was conducted to determine the optimal parameters under various operating conditions. A numerical analysis demonstrated that the specific energy consumption was low in a specific current density section when the temperature was decreased. At the above-mentioned current density, the specific energy consumption decreased as the temperature increased. The polymer electrolyte membrane thickness yielded similar results. However, according to the relative humidity, it was confirmed that the higher the relative humidity, the lower the specific energy consumption in all of the current density sections. Therefore, when comparing temperatures of 30 °C and 80 °C at 145 A/m2, operating at 30 °C reduces the specific energy consumption by 12.12%. At 3000 A/m2 and 80 °C, the specific energy consumption is reduced by 11.7% compared to operating at 30 °C. Using N117 compared to N211 at 610 A/m2 for polymer electrolyte membranes can reduce specific energy consumption by 10.4%. Using N211 in the 1500 A/m2 condition reduces the specific energy demand by 9.6% compared to N117.
The Biomimetic System of Oleanolic Acid and Oleic Acid at the Air-Water Interface–Interactions in Terms of Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Krajewska Martyna , Dopierała Katarzyna , Prochaska Krystyna
Published: December 2022

Oleanolic acid (OLA) and oleic acid (OA) are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom, exhibiting a therapeutic effect on human health, and are components of novel pharmaceutical formulations. Since OLA has limited solubility, the utilization of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems enhancing bioavailability is highly advantageous. We report on the interfacial behavior of the OLA:OA system at various molar ratios, using the Langmuir technique to assess the dependence of the molar composition on miscibility and rheological properties affecting film stability. Specifically, we evaluate the interfacial properties (morphology, thermodynamics, miscibility, and viscoelasticity) of the OLA:OA binary system in various molar ratios, and indicate how the OLA:OA system exhibits the most favorable molecular interactions. We apply the Langmuir monolayer technique along with the complementary techniques of Brewster angle microscopy, dilatational interfacial rheology, and excess free energy calculations. Results demonstrate that the properties of mixed monolayers depend on OLA:OA molar ratio. Most of the systems (OLA:OA 2:1, 1:1, 1:5) are assumed to be immiscible at surface pressures >10 mN/m. Moreover, the OLA:OA 1:2 is immiscible over the entire surface pressure range. However, the existence of miscibility between molecules of OLA and OA in the 5:1 for every surface pressure tested suggests that OA molecules incorporate into the OLA lattice structure, improving the stability of the mixed film. The results are discussed in terms of providing physicochemical insights into the behavior of the OLA:OA systems at the interface, which is of high interest in pharmaceutical design.
Development and Implementation of MBR Monitoring: Use of 2D Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Galinha Claudia F. , Crespo João G.
Published: December 2022

The monitoring of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) requires the assessment of both biological and membrane performance. Additionally, the development of membrane fouling and the requirements for frequent membrane cleaning are still major concerns during MBR operation, requiring tight monitoring and system characterization. Transmembrane pressure is usually monitored online and allows following the evolution of membrane performance. However, it does not allow distinguishing the fouling mechanisms occurring in the system or predicting the future behavior of the membrane. The assessment of the biological medium requires manual sampling, and the analyses involve several steps that are labor-intensive, with low temporal resolution, preventing real-time monitoring. Two-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy is a comprehensive technique, able to assess the system status at real-time without disturbing the biological system. It provides large sets of data (system fingerprints) from which meaningful information can be extracted. Nevertheless, mathematical data analysis (such as machine learning) is essential to properly extract the information contained in fluorescence spectra and correlate it with operating and performance parameters. The potential of 2D fluorescence spectroscopy as a process monitoring tool for MBRs is, therefore, discussed in the present work in view of the actual knowledge and the authors’ own experience in this field.
Phase Imaging of Phosphatidylcholine Bilayer Membranes by Prodan Fluorescence
Authors: Tamai Nobutake , Matsuki Hitoshi , Goto Masaki
Published: December 2022

Prodan (6-propiponyl-2-(N,N-dimethylamino)naphthalene) is well known as a polarity-sensitive fluorescent probe and has a high capability of detecting structural changes occurring within phospholipid bilayer membranes. In this study, we carried out the fluorescence spectroscopic observation of bilayer phase behavior for a series of symmetric saturated diacylphosphatidylcholines (CnPCs) with different acyl-chain length n (n = 12–15 and 19–22) using Prodan as a membrane probe to confirm the availability of Prodan along with the previous results for the CnPC bilayer membranes (n = 16–18). The results were discussed by constructing spectral three-dimensional (3D) imaging plots for visualizing the change in bilayer phase states with temperature or pressure to verify the functionality of this 3D imaging plot. It was found that the Prodan fluorescence technique is applicable to the detection of the changes in the bilayer phase states of all CnPCs with a few exceptions. One of the most crucial exceptions was that Prodan cannot be used for the detection of the bilayer-gel state of the C21PC bilayer membrane. It was also found that it is only to the CnPC bilayer membranes with n = 15–18 that the 3D imaging plot is adequately and accurately applicable as a useful graphical tool for visually detecting the bilayer phase states. This is a disadvantageous feature of this technique brought about by the high sensitivity of Prodan as a membrane probe. Further detailed studies on the molecular behavior of Prodan will enable us to find a more useful way of utilizing this membrane probe.
Effects of Partial Replacement of Si by Al on Cold Formability in Two Groups of Low-Carbon Third-Generation Advanced High-Strength Steel Sheet: A Review
Authors: Sugimoto Koh-ichi
Published: December 2022

Partial replacement of Si by Al improves the coatability (or galvanizing property) of Si-Mn advanced high-strength steel (AHSS) sheets. In this paper, the effects of the partial replacement on the microstructure, tensile property, and cold formability are reported for the low-carbon third-generation AHSS sheets, which are classified into two groups, “Group I” and “Group II”. The partial replacement by 1.2 mass% Al increases the carbon concentration or mechanical stability of retained austenite and decreases its volume fraction in the AHSSs, compared to Al-free AHSSs. The partial replacement deteriorates the tensile ductility and stretch formability in the AHSSs with a tensile strength above 1.2 GPa. On the other hand, it achieves the same excellent stretch-flangeability as Al-free AHSSs. A complex addition of Al and Nb/Mo further enhances the stretch-flangeability. The cold formabilities are related to the heat treatment condition and microstructural and tensile properties, and the stress state.
Modification of the Surface of 40 Kh Steel by Electrolytic Plasma Hardening
Authors: Sagdoldina Zhuldyz , Zhurerova Laila , Tyurin Yuri , Baizhan Daryn , Kuykabayeba Aizhan , Abildinova Saule , Kozhanova Rauan
Published: December 2022

The high-strength, medium-carbon alloy construction steel 40 Kh is commonly used in the manufacture of tools and machine parts. This paper experimentally investigates the effect of electrolytic plasma thermocyclic hardening on the surface hardening and microstructure modification of 40 Kh steel. The research was carried out using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and micro-hardness measurements. Modified samples were obtained at different electrolyte plasma thermal cycling modes. As a result of the heat treatment, hardened layer segments of different thicknesses and structural composition formed on the surface of the steel. The parameters and mechanisms of surface hardening were determined by examining the microstructural modification and phase transformation both before and after treatment. It was revealed that the main morphological structural-phase component of the initial state of 40 Kh steel was a ferrite–pearlite structure, and after electrolytic plasma thermocyclic hardening, the hardened martensite phase was formed. It was found that in order to achieve a hardening depth of 1.6 mm and an increase in hardness to 966 HV, the optimum time for electrolytic plasma treatment of 40 Kh steel was 2 s. The technology under discussion gives an insight into the surface hardening potential for improving the service life and reliability of 40 Kh steel.
An NMR-Based Model to Investigate the Metabolic Phenoreversion of COVID-19 Patients throughout a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Gil-Redondo Rubén , Conde Ricardo , Bizkarguenaga Maider , Bruzzone Chiara , Laín Ana , González-Valle Beatriz , Iriberri Milagros , Ramos-Acosta Carlos , Anguita Eduardo , Arriaga Lariz Juan Ignacio , España Yandiola Pedro Pablo , Moran Miguel Ángel , Jiménez-Mercado Mario Ernesto , Egia-Mendikute Leire , Seco María Luisa , Schäfer Hartmut , Cannet Claire , Spraul Manfred , Palazón Asís , Embade Nieves , Lu Shelly C. , Wist Julien , Nicholson Jeremy K. , Mato José M. , Millet Oscar
Published: December 2022

After SARS-CoV-2 infection, the molecular phenoreversion of the immunological response and its associated metabolic dysregulation are required for a full recovery of the patient. This process is patient-dependent due to the manifold possibilities induced by virus severity, its phylogenic evolution and the vaccination status of the population. We have here investigated the natural history of COVID-19 disease at the molecular level, characterizing the metabolic and immunological phenoreversion over time in large cohorts of hospitalized severe patients (n = 886) and non-hospitalized recovered patients that self-reported having passed the disease (n = 513). Non-hospitalized recovered patients do not show any metabolic fingerprint associated with the disease or immune alterations. Acute patients are characterized by the metabolic and lipidomic dysregulation that accompanies the exacerbated immunological response, resulting in a slow recovery time with a maximum probability of around 62 days. As a manifestation of the heterogeneity in the metabolic phenoreversion, age and severity become factors that modulate their normalization time which, in turn, correlates with changes in the atherogenesis-associated chemokine MCP-1. Our results are consistent with a model where the slow metabolic normalization in acute patients results in enhanced atherosclerotic risk, in line with the recent observation of an elevated number of cardiovascular episodes found in post-COVID-19 cohorts.
Melatonin Supplementation Alters Maternal and Fetal Amino Acid Concentrations and Placental Nutrient Transporters in a Nutrient Restriction Bovine Model
Authors: Swanson Rebecca , Contreras-Correa Zully , Dinh Thu , King Heath , Sidelinger Darcie , Burnett Derris , Lemley Caleb
Published: December 2022

Melatonin rescues uterine blood flow and fetal body weight in a seasonal dependent manner within a nutrient restriction bovine model. We sought to identify the effects of nutrient restriction, melatonin, and sampling time on maternal and fetal amino acids, and placental nutrient transporters. Pregnant heifers received adequate or restricted nutrition, and 20 mg of melatonin or placebo from gestational days 160–240 over two seasons. On day 240 maternal and fetal blood, amnion, and placentomes were collected. Amino acid concentrations were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Caruncle and cotyledon tissues were assessed for nutrient transporter density by qPCR. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS for fixed effects. In fall, melatonin rescued effects of nutrient restriction on System N, Anion, and total maternal amino acids. Furthermore, melatonin rescued effects of nutrient restriction on Systems A, N, Br, Bo, and essential amnion amino acids. In summer, melatonin rescued effects of nutrient restriction in Systems Br and Bo maternal amino acids. Furthermore, melatonin rescued effects of nutrient restriction on caruncle SLC38A10 and SLC38A2. Melatonin rescued effects of nutrient restriction in a seasonal dependent manner. These data align with previous studies suggesting melatonin is a more effective therapeutic in summer months.
An Analysis of the Synoptic Dynamic and Hydrologic Character of the Black Sea Cyclone Falchion
Authors: Farr Moses B. , Gasch James V. , Travis Evan J. , Weaver Sarah M. , Yavuz Veli , Semenova Inna G. , Panasiuk Oleksandr , Lupo Anthony R.
Published: December 2022

In the Mediterranean and occasionally in the Black Sea, low-pressure systems with the character of both mid-latitude and tropical cyclones can form. These hybrid storms are called subtropical storms, subtropical depressions, medistorms/medicanes, or tropical-like cyclones (TLC). A strong low-pressure system given the name Falchion developed in northern part of the Black Sea during 11–20 August 2021. This storm was blamed for damage and more than 30 casualties in the nations bordering the region. At peak intensity, this storm was a as strong as a tropical depression. Falchion developed and moved northeast, reaching peak intensity before becoming nearly stationary. The NCEP reanalyses and satellite data obtained from Eumetsat’s geostationary satellite, Meteosat-8, were used to examine the character of the storm. This study demonstrates that the movement of Falchion was impeded by a blocking event that occurred over central Asia during much of August 2021. The storm did share characteristics with tropical systems, but a comparison of Falchion to tropical depressions and subtropical storms in the North and South Atlantic demonstrated that this storm was more consistent with these types of storms when examining the storm and the proximal environment. This included an examination of integrated water vapor (IVT) plumes, and the plume associated with Falchion did rise to the character of an atmospheric river in spite of the smaller scale.
Towards Greener and More Sustainable Synthesis of MXenes: A Review
Authors: Amrillah Tahta , Abdullah Che , Hermawan Angga , Sari Fitri , Alviani Vani
Published: December 2022

The unique properties of MXenes have been deemed to be of significant interest in various emerging applications. However, MXenes provide a major drawback involving environmentally harmful and toxic substances for its general fabrication in large-scale production and employing a high-temperature solid-state reaction followed by selective etching. Meanwhile, how MXenes are synthesized is essential in directing their end uses. Therefore, making strategic approaches to synthesize greener, safer, more sustainable, and more environmentally friendly MXenes is imperative to commercialize at a competitive price. With increasing reports of green synthesis that promote advanced technologies and non-toxic agents, it is critical to compile, summarize, and synthesize the latest development of the green-related technology of MXenes. We review the recent progress of greener, safer, and more sustainable MXene synthesis with a focus on the fundamental synthetic process, the mechanism, and the general advantages, and the emphasis on the MXene properties inherited from such green synthesis techniques. The emerging use of the so-called green MXenes in energy conversion and storage, environmental remediation, and biomedical applications is presented. Finally, the remaining challenges and prospects of greener MXene synthesis are discussed.
Dual-Scale Textured Broadband Si-Based Light Absorber
Authors: Wen Zhidong , Cai Shunshuo , Zhang Zhe , Xu Ziye , Song Qi , Zhang Kunpeng , Li Man , Shi Haiyan , Hou Yu , Zhang Zichen
Published: December 2022

Various antireflective structures and methods are proposed to solve the optical loss of Si-based absorber devices. Dual-scale structures have received more concern from researchers in recent years. In this study, the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is employed to investigate deeply the dependence of optical response on the geometric shape and size of structures. The micron cone shows lower reflectivity than other micron structures. Additionally, the lowest reflectivity region moves with the increasing height size of the cone structure. We proposed creatively a nanoripple-cone structure that maintains low reflectivity properties under varying incident angles whether in the visible region or the near-infrared region. Furthermore, the lower reflectivity is obtained with increasing micron cone and decreasing nanoripple. Finally, the dual-scale nanoripple-cone is fabricated directly and cost-effectively by a femtosecond laser instead of a two-step texture-on-texture way. The measured result shows that the high absorption above 98% extends to the mid-infrared region. This study provides directions for the fabrication of wideband Si-based absorber devices to reduce reflectivity, which exhibits a wide application potential and promotes the evolution of multi-laser processing.
Degradation of Methylparaben Using Optimal WO3 Nanostructures: Influence of the Annealing Conditions and Complexing Agent
Authors: Cifre-Herrando M. , Roselló-Márquez G. , García-García D. M. , García-Antón J.
Published: December 2022

In this work, WO3 nanostructures were synthesized with different complexing agents (0.05 M H2O2 and 0.1 M citric acid) and annealing conditions (400 °C, 500 °C and 600 °C) to obtain optimal WO3 nanostructures to use them as a photoanode in the photoelectrochemical (PEC) degradation of an endocrine disruptor chemical. These nanostructures were studied morphologically by a field emission scanning electron microscope. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was performed to provide information of the electronic states of the nanostructures. The crystallinity of the samples was observed by a confocal Raman laser microscope and X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, photoelectrochemical measurements (photostability, photoelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Mott–Schottky and water-splitting test) were also performed using a solar simulator with AM 1.5 conditions at 100 mW·cm−2. Once the optimal nanostructure was obtained (citric acid 0.01 M at an annealing temperature of 600 °C), the PEC degradation of methylparaben (CO 10 ppm) was carried out. It was followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, which allowed to obtain the concentration of the contaminant during degradation and the identification of degradation intermediates. The optimized nanostructure was proved to be an efficient photocatalyst since the degradation of methylparaben was performed in less than 4 h and the kinetic coefficient of degradation was 0.02 min−1.
Effect of Nano-TiO2 Composite on the Fertilization and Fruit-Setting of Litchi
Authors: Huang Yue , Dong Yusi , Ding Xiaobo , Ning Zhenchen , Shen Jiyuan , Chen Houbin , Su Zuanxian
Published: December 2022

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) are widely used as fertilizers in agricultural production because they promote photosynthesis and strong adhesion. Low pollination and fertilization due to rainy weather during the litchi plant’s flowering phase result in poor fruit quality and output. nTiO2 would affect litchi during the flowering and fruiting stages. This study considers how nTiO2 affects litchi’s fruit quality and pollen viability during the flowering stage. The effects of nTiO2 treatment on pollen vigor, yield, and fruit quality were investigated. nTiO2 effectively improved the pollen germination rate and pollen tube length of litchi male flowers. The germination rate reached 22.31 ± 1.70%, and the pollen tube reached 237.66 μm in the 450 mg/L reagent-treated group. Spraying with 150 mg/L of nTiO2 increased the germination rate of pollen by 2.67% and 3.67% for two types of male flowers (M1 and M2) of anthesis, respectively. After nTiO2 spraying, the fruit set rates of ‘Guiwei’ and ‘Nomici’ were 46.68% and 30.33%, respectively, higher than those of the boric acid treatment group and the control group. The edibility rate, titration calculation, and vitamin C of nTiO2 treatment were significantly higher than those of the control. The nTiO2-treated litchi fruit was more vividly colored. Meanwhile, the adhesion of nTiO2 to leaves was effectively optimized by using ATP and BCS to form nTiO2 carriers and configuring nTiO2 complex reagents. These results set the foundation for future applications of titanium dioxide nanoparticles as fertilizers for agriculture and guide their application to flowers and fruits.
Coexistence of Railway and Road Services by Sharing Telecommunication Infrastructure Using SDN-Based Slicing: A Tutorial
Authors: Singh Radheshyam , Soler José , Sylla Tidiane , Mendiboure Leo , Berbineau Marion
Published: December 2022

This paper provides a detailed tutorial to develop a sandbox to emulate coexistence scenarios for road and railway services in terms of sharing telecommunication infrastructure using software-defined network (SDN) capabilities. This paper provides detailed instructions for the creation of network topology using Mininet–WiFi that can mimic real-life coexistence scenarios between railways and roads. The network elements are programmed and controlled by the ONOS SDN controller. The developed SDN application can differentiate the data traffic from railways and roads. Data traffic differentiation is carried out using a VLAN tagging mechanism. Further, it also provides comprehensive information about the different tools that are used to generate the data traffic that can emulate messaging, video streaming, and critical data transmission of railway and road domains. It also provides the steps to use SUMO to represent the selected coexistence scenarios in a graphical way.
Beetroot Juice Produces Changes in Heart Rate Variability and Reduces Internal Load during Resistance Training in Men: A Randomized Double-Blind Crossover
Authors: Jurado-Castro Jose Manuel , Casanova-Rodriguez David , Campos-Perez Julian , Llorente-Cantarero Francisco Jesus , De La Florida-Villagran Candelaria Alonso , Diaz-Bernier Víctor Manuel , Ranchal-Sanchez Antonio
Published: December 2022

Beetroot juice (BJ) has been used as a sport supplement, improving performance in resistance training (RT). However, its effect on the modulation of the autonomic nervous system has not yet been widely studied. Therefore, the objective of this randomized double-blind crossover study was to assess the effect of acute BJ supplementation compared to placebo in blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV) and internal load during RT measure as Root Mean Square of the Successive Differences between adjacent RR intervals Slope (RMSSD and RMSSD-Slope, respectively). Eleven men performed an incremental RT test (three sets at 60%, 70% and 80% of their repetition maximum) composed by back squat and bench press with. HR, HRV and RMSSD-Slope were measured during and post exercise. As the main results, RMSSD during exercise decrease in the BJ group compared to placebo (p = 0.023; ES = 0.999), there were no differences in RMSSD post-exercise, and there were differences in RMSSD-Slope between groups in favor of the BJ group (p = 0.025; ES = 1.104) with a lower internal load. In conclusion, BJ supplementation seems to be a valuable tool for the reduction in the internal load of exercise during RT measured as RMSSD-Slope while enhancing performance.