bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enteric Methane Emission from Cattle Grazing Systems with Cover Crops and Legume–Grass Pasture
Authors: Gere José Ignacio , Restovich Silvina Beatriz , Mattera Juan , Cattoni María Isabel , Ortiz-Chura Abimael , Posse Gabriela , Cerón-Cucchi María Esperanza
Published: December 2024

This study aims to quantify enteric methane (CH4) emission and dry matter intake (DMI) in beef steers under two rotational grazing systems: (i) a mixture of cover crops (vetch + ryegrass + forage radish) (CC) and (ii) alfalfa and fescue pasture (AFP). Eighteen Hereford steers were divided into two groups (nine steers per group), assigned to either the CC or AFP. Methane emissions were measured using the SF6 tracer technique. The results showed that steers grazing CC produced 29% less CH4 in g/d compared to those on the AFP (119.1 vs. 167.1 g/d for CC and AFP, p < 0.05) and 36% less CH4 yield (4.3 vs. 6.7% of gross energy intake). However, average daily gain (ADG), DMI, and CH4 intensity (gCH4/kg ADG) did not significantly differ between treatments. The integration of CC in a cattle grazing system has the potential to reduce CH4 emissions by improving forage quality.
Selection of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Genotypes for Three Generations of Low and High Population Growth of the Mite Varroa destructor
Authors: De la Mora Alvaro , Goodwin Paul H. , Emsen Berna , Kelly Paul G. , Petukhova Tatiana , Guzman-Novoa Ernesto
Published: December 2024

Honey bee (Apis mellifera) population declines have been associated with the parasitic mite, Varroa destructor, which is currently primarily controlled by the use of acaricides. An alternative is to breed for resistance to Varroa, which was conducted in this study by bidirectional selection for mite fall to obtain colonies with low (resistant) or high (susceptible) Varroa population growth (LVG and HVG, respectively). Selection for three generations resulted in approx. 90% lower Varroa population growth in LVG than in HVG colonies. In addition, late summer Varroa infestation rates of brood and adults were both significantly lower in LVG colonies (p < 0.01), which was also significantly associated with lower Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) infection levels (p < 0.01). Survival of Varroa-parasitized bees was almost 50% higher for LVG bees compared to HVG bees (p < 0.01). Also, colony winter survivorship was significantly higher for LVG colonies than for HVG colonies (p < 0.05). However, the higher colony populations observed for LVG colonies were not significantly different from those of HVG colonies. Overall, individual and colony health was improved by selecting colonies for LVG, demonstrating its effectiveness as a means of breeding for controlling Varroa populations in honey bee colonies.
Identification and Preliminary Analysis of Granulosa Cell Biomarkers to Predict Oocyte In Vitro Maturation Outcome in the Southern White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum)
Authors: Ruggeri Elena , Klohonatz Kristin , Durrant Barbara , Sirard Marc-André
Published: December 2024

In recent years, biomarkers in granulosa cells (GC) have been determined and associated in several species with oocyte maturation, in vitro fertilization success, and embryo development outcomes. The identification of biomarkers of oocyte competence can aid in improving assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) in the southern white rhino (SWR). This study aimed to identify biomarkers present in SWR GC associated with oocytes that either did or did not mature in vitro. We evaluated follicle development (FD), meiotic competence (MC), cell death and atresia (CDA), and embryonic genome activation (EGA). Our objective was to design biomarkers to predict oocyte in vitro maturation results in the SWR. RNA was isolated from GC obtained during ovum pick up (OPU) for qPCR analysis. Overall, 22 genes were assessed, and nine were differentially expressed between GC from oocytes that did or did not mature in vitro (FD-GDF9 and mTOR; MC-GGPS1, JMY, and NPR2; CDA-COL4A1, MACIR, and TMPO; EGA-NFYA). From these data, we determined that GC can be used as a predictor for oocyte in vitro maturation outcome in the SWR. Our results provide crucial information needed to improve in vitro maturation and ARTs in this species.
Canine Vector-Borne Diseases (CVBDs) in Liguria, North-West Italy: A Retrospective Study over an 11-Year Period (2013–2023)
Authors: Chiarlone Sara A. , Garcia-Vozmediano Aitor , Ebani Valentina Virginia , Pussini Nicola , Dellepiane Monica , Guardone Lisa , Razzuoli Elisabetta
Published: December 2024

Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) pose a global threat to both canine and public health. This study evaluates the prevalence of Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), Rickettsia conorii, and Dirofilaria immitis in domestic dogs in Liguria, north-west Italy, a region where data were lacking. From 2013 to 2023, 8584 blood samples from shelter (74%) and owned dogs (26%) were submitted to the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLV) for serological testing (indirect immunofluorescence and/or rapid immunochromatographic tests). Overall, 18.8% (95% CI: 18.0–19.7) of the dogs tested positive for at least one pathogen, with positivity against R. conorii antigen being the most frequently recorded (24.4%, 95% CI: 23.3–25.5). Lower prevalence levels were observed for Anaplasma spp. (1.82%, 95% CI: 1.47–2.23), Ehrlichia spp., (1.25%, 95% CI: 0.97–1.60), B. burgdorferi s.l. (0.22%, 95% CI: 0.11–0.39), and D. immitis (0.84%, 95% CI: 0.65–1.06). Positive cases for all pathogens increased over time, with prevalence differing significantly between owned and shelter dogs. Topographical factors, land use, and monthly relative humidity appeared to influence the positivity in the dogs. These results update the epidemiology of the investigated CVBDs in Liguria, indicating a widespread exposure to Rickettsia spp. among local dogs.
Can the Suspension Method (Tenderstretch vs. Achilles Tendon) Enhance Horsemeat Quality?
Authors: Kaić Ana , Luštrek Barbara , Žgur Silvester , Potočnik Klemen
Published: December 2024

This study investigated whether the suspension method (tenderstretch, TS or Achilles tendon, AT) can improve the quality of horsemeat by analyzing longissimus dorsi (LD) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles. A total of 25 horse carcasses were considered experimental units and split longitudinally, with one half suspended using the TS method and the other half using the AT method, which enabled a direct comparison within the carcass. After 7 days of aging under commercial processing conditions, the LD and ST muscles were analyzed for pH, color (L*, a*, b*), water-holding capacity (drip loss, thawing loss, cooking loss), tenderness (Warner–Bratzler shear force), and sarcomere length. Statistical analysis was performed using the MIXED procedure in SAS, with Bonferroni correction applied for post hoc comparisons. Significant differences were found between the muscles: LD had higher tenderness (39.28 N vs. 49.77 N, p = 0.0011), lower cooking loss (23.56% vs. 27.04%, p = 0.0002), and higher thawing loss (12.38% vs. 9.72%, p = 0.0021) compared to ST muscle, which had a lighter color (L* = 41.90 vs. 37.73, p < 0.0001) and longer sarcomeres (2.22 μm vs. 1.74 μm, p < 0.0001). While the TS suspension method significantly increased sarcomere length (2.05 μm vs. 1.92 μm, p = 0.0020), it did not lead to significant improvements in other quality attributes such as pH, water-holding capacity, or tenderness. The results indicate that although the TS method affects muscle structure by elongating sarcomeres (with an average difference of 0.13 μm), it does not significantly improve the overall quality of the horsemeat compared to the AT method after 7 days of aging. A combination of factors beyond suspension methods, such as optimizing aging periods or considering additional processing techniques, may therefore be required to improve horsemeat quality. This study provides insights into the specific attributes of LD and ST muscles and their response to suspension methods and contributes to a better understanding of optimizing horsemeat quality for commercial purposes.
Prolactin Inhibition Promotes Follicle Recruitment by Increasing PIKfyve Expression in Ewes During the Estrus Stage
Authors: Yue Sicong , Duan Chunhui , Wang Yong , Li Xiangyun , Yang Ruochen , Li Yu , Chen Xiangyu , Liu Yueqin , Zhang Yingjie
Published: December 2024

Prolactin (PRL) plays a key role in the growth and ovulation of animal follicles, but its impact on follicular recruitment in ewes remains uncertain. In this study, a total of sixteen healthy ewes (Hu sheep, aged 2–3 years, with continuous reproduction and housed separately), matched for parity and weight (52.98 ± 0.96 kg), were randomly assigned to two groups: a control group (C) and a treatment group (T, PRL inhibition). Ovaries were collected in vivo after anesthesia during the estrus stage, and tissue morphology was observed using hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining. By using RNA sequencing on the ovaries of C and T groups and conducting bioinformatics analysis, the essential genes and pathways involved in the regulation of PRL inhibition were pinpointed. Subcellular localization of key genes in ovarian tissue was determined using a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay and immunohistochemistry. The function of key genes was validated using knockout and overexpression techniques. During the estrus phase, we noted a marked rise in the count of large follicles within ovarian tissue following the inhibition of prolactin. In total, 328 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected, with 162 upregulated and 166 downregulated. The results indicated that inhibiting PRL primarily influences follicle recruitment by acting on the target gene PIKfyve. Following the inhibition of PRL during the estrus phase, there was an increase in the expression of PIKfyve. PIKfyve was primarily localized in the ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) and cumulus cells (CCs) in the ovarian tissue of ewes. The overexpression of PIKfyve decreased cell apoptosis and enhanced steroid hormone release, whereas knockout of PIKfyve had the reverse effect. In conclusion, PRL inhibition promoted follicle recruitment in ewes by upregulating PIKfyve during the estrus stage.
Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Algeria: Persistent Circulation of Very Virulent Strains in Spite of Control Efforts
Authors: Messaï Chafik Redha , Chenouf Nadia Safia , Khalouta Oussama , Chorfa Abdelhafid , Salhi Omar , Tucciarone Claudia Maria , Poletto Francesca , Franzo Giovanni , Aberkane Chahrazed , Cecchinato Mattia , Legnardi Matteo
Published: December 2024

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is among the most impactful immunosuppressive diseases of poultry. Its agent, infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), is prone to both mutation and reassortment, resulting in a remarkable variability. Traditionally, IBDV characterization relies on antigenicity and pathogenicity assessment, but multiple phylogenetic classifications have been recently proposed, whose implementation in molecular surveys helps generating informative and standardized epidemiological data. In the present study, the Algerian IBDV scenario was assessed based on the novel classification guidelines by sequencing portions of both genome segments. Seventy pools of bursal samples were collected in 2022–2023 in 11 districts of Northern Algeria, mostly from broiler flocks. Out of 55 (78.6%) positive flocks, 40 (57.1%) were infected by field strains, which were characterized as very virulent strains (genotype A3B2) and phylogenetically related to previously reported Algerian strains. Significant differences in the percentage of field infections were observed between vaccinated (25/52, 46.2%) and unvaccinated (14/17, 82.3%) groups, and also between birds immunized with live intermediate (13/20, 65.0%) and intermediate plus (10/28, 35.7%) vaccines. Nonetheless, the number of field strain detections suggests a high infectious pressure and the inadequacy of current vaccination efforts, demanding a reevaluation of control measures coupled with attentive monitoring activities.
Changes in Expression of Key Genes in Ceca of Chicken Broilers as Affected by Glyphosate, Antibiotics and a Coccidiostat
Authors: Laptev Georgi Y. , Turina Daria G. , Morozov Vitali Y. , Yildirim Elena A. , Gorfunkel Elena P. , Ilina Larisa A. , Filippova Valentina A. , Brazhnik Evgeni A. , Novikova Natalia I. , Melikidi Veronika K. , Sokolova Kseniya A. , Ponomareva Ekaterina S. , Zaikin Vasiliy A. , Dubrovin Andrei V. , Surai Peter F. , Griffin Darren K. , Romanov Michael N.
Published: December 2024

Studies have shown the presence of residual amounts of the herbicide glyphosate in poultry feed, which leads to its bioaccumulation in the body. Recently, it has been established that exposure to low levels of glyphosate over a long period may have serious negative effects on poultry health. Moreover, combined exposure to several toxicants can potentially lead to additive and/or synergistic effects. The purpose of this study was to analyze changes in meat productivity and the expression dynamics of key genes (IGF1, IGF2, MYOG, MYOZ2, SLC2A1, SLC2A2, MSTN, MUC2, OCLN, CLDN1, TLR2, TLR4, CAT, SOD1, PRDX6, and HMOX1) in the cecum of broilers as affected by glyphosate, antibiotics and a coccidiostat (anticoccidial drug). Day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens (n = 260) were divided into four groups, including a control group (CONT) fed the basic diet (BD), and three experimental groups: GLY (BD + glyphosate), GLY+ANT (BD + glyphosate and antibiotics enrofloxacin and colistin methanesulfonate), and GLY+CS (BD + glyphosate and the coccidiostat ammonium maduramycin). Samples were collected at control 7, 14, and 40 days of rearing, 50 mg each from three birds from each group. The mean body weight in each group was determined after the individual weighing of the entire flock. At 7 days of age, an upregulating effect on the expression of the immune-related TLR2 gene was detected in Groups GLY+ANT and GLY+CS compared to Group CONT (p = 0.044 and p = 0.042, respectively) and Group GLY (p = 0.049 and p = 0.044, respectively). At 40 days of age, this gene expression, conversely, decreased in Groups GLY+ANT and GLY+CS compared to Group CONT (p = 0.041 and p = 0.038, respectively). Glyphosate (Group GLY) upregulated the mRNA level of genes associated with productivity (IGF1, IGF2, and MSTN) at 7 days of age by 3.7 times (p = 0.041, p = 0.036 and p = 0.039, respectively) and, conversely, decreased it at a later age (14 and 40 days) compared to Group CONT (p = 0.024, p = 0.049 and p = 0.047, respectively, at 14 days, and p = 0.037 and p = 0.036 and p = 0.035, respectively, at 40 days of age). Thus, we identified detrimental changes in the expression of key broiler genes as influenced by glyphosate, as well as its combinations with antibiotics and a coccidiostat, which may have negative consequences for the poultry industry.
Effects of Porcine Zona Pellucida Immunocontraception on Mare Body Condition and Foaling Season Length in Two Western Wild Horse Populations
Authors: Rutberg Allen T. , Grams Kayla A.
Published: December 2024

Wildlife managers and the public have expressed considerable interest in the use of contraception to help manage the populations of wild horses and burros (Equus caballus and E. asinus). Field testing has shown that two preparations of the porcine zona pellucida (PZP) vaccine, a simple emulsion (ZonaStat-H) and PZP-22 (which supplements ZonaStat-H with a controlled-release component) effectively prevent pregnancy in individual mares and can substantially reduce population foaling rates. To determine whether some PZP preparations might have secondary effects that harm treated mares or their foals, we examined the effects of PZP-22 vaccinations and the follow-up boosters of either PZP-22 or ZonaStat-H on adult female body condition, foaling season, and foal mortality in two wild horse herds in the western USA, Cedar Mountains Herd Management Area, Utah (CM; 2008–2015), and Sand Wash Basin Herd Management Area, Colorado (SWB; 2008–2014). At both sites in every study year, summer body condition scores improved faster in mares without foals than mares with foals (p < 0.001; CM, n = 234; SWB, n = 172), but PZP treatments did not affect mare body condition apart from their contraceptive effects. Births to mares treated with PZP within the previous three years were delayed and spread out over the foaling season, but foal mortality rates through the first and second year were low, unrelated to date of birth, and virtually identical for the foals of PZP-treated and untreated mothers (all comparisons n.s.; CM, n = 775, SWB, n = 640). Thus, in these two populations, we found no evidence that changes in reproductive timing associated with PZP treatments were harmful to either mares or foals.
Severe Panton–Valentine-Leukocidin-Positive Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Pediatric Age: A Case Report and a Literature Review
Authors: Garbo Valeria , Venuti Laura , Boncori Giovanni , Albano Chiara , Condemi Anna , Natoli Giuseppe , Frasca Polara Valentina , Billone Sebastiano , Canduscio Laura Antonella , Cascio Antonio , Colomba Claudia
Published: December 2024

Background: Infections caused by S. aureus strains encoding Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL-SA) have become increasingly relevant in community settings and can cause severe conditions in pediatric populations. We present the pediatric case of an invasive disease caused by PVL-SA and provide a literature review of severe manifestations caused by these strains in children. Methods: A PubMed search (February 2024) found studies that included relevant clinical outcomes, diagnostics, and treatments, excluding cases of asymptomatic infection or in adult populations. A logistical multivariate analysis was used to find predictors of the need for intensive care. Results: A 10-year-old boy came to the attention of our Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit with fever, chest pain, and tachypnea. A rapid worsening of his clinical conditions was observed, with the development of necrotizing pneumonia, osteomyelitis, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and multiple abscesses. Blood cultures confirmed the presence of PVL-producing methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The initial treatment included linezolid and ceftaroline and was later adjusted to clindamycin, daptomycin, and fosfomycin, with clinical improvement. Discussion: Our review collected 36 articles, including 156 pediatric cases of severe PVL-SA infection. Bacteremia was present in 49% of cases, lung infection in 47%, and osteomyelitis in 37%. The presence of pulmonary localization was predictive of the need for intensive care, O.R. 25.35 (7.46–86.09; p < 0.001). Anti-toxin molecules were used in about half the cases where information on treatment was reported. Our report highlights the capacity of PVL-SA to cause life-threatening complications in children, while also discussing the full range of its clinical spectrum and the most effective therapeutic approaches.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Commensal Enterococcus spp. Isolates from Chickens in Hungarian Poultry Farms Between 2022 and 2023
Authors: Kerek Ádám , Szabó Ábel , Jerzsele Ákos
Published: December 2024

Background: The global spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the most significant challenges of our generation. It is crucial to continuously monitor AMR, not only by investigating clinical, pathogenic strains but also by monitoring commensal bacterial strains, as they can serve as natural reservoirs of resistance. Infections caused by Enterococcus species are increasingly recognized as emerging threats to both animal and public health. Among economically important livestock, poultry as a major source of animal protein for humans is a frequent carrier of enterococci, and also of sporadically detected clinical disease. Methods: This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Enterococcus strains (n = 499) isolated from chicken farms in Hungary. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for 15 antibiotics, including 10 with established clinical breakpoints. Results: The strains exhibited good sensitivity to amoxicillin, one of the first-line treatments for Enterococcus infections in veterinary medicine, with only 20.8% showing resistance. However, we observed an alarming 27.9% resistance rate to vancomycin, which is reserved to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant strains in humans. A comparison of our findings with Hungarian hospital records revealed that the resistance patterns of poultry-derived Enterococcus faecalis strains were very similar to those of human isolates, particularly regarding penicillins and aminoglycosides. Conclusions: Overall, the increasing rates of AMR reinforce the importance of conducting periodic studies to establish long-term trends. For multidrug-resistant strains, next-generation sequencing is recommended to elucidate the genetic basis of resistance.
Evaluation of a Pharmacist-Led Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal PCR Testing Protocol
Authors: Thayer Blain , Edwards Jonathan D. , Belk Madeline G. , Durham Spencer H.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can cause cases of community-acquired pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia, and ventilator-associated pneumonia, and nasal colonization with this pathogen increases the risk of infection. Due to its high negative predictive value, multiple studies support using the MRSA nasal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test to discontinue antimicrobials that target MRSA in the setting of a negative test result. The purpose of this project was to assess the utility of a protocol to allow pharmacists the ability to order MRSA nasal PCR screenings in hospitalized patients with pneumonia. Results: The pre-protocol group included a random sample of 100 patients, and the post-protocol group included 625 patients. Vancomycin DOTs when pharmacists ordered PCRs were significantly lower compared to the pre-protocol group (p < 0.5; 95% CI, 0.46–2.24). The average length of stay and readmission rates at 30 days were significantly lower in the post-protocol group compared to the pre-protocol group (p < 0.05 and p = 0.02, respectively), but there was no significant difference in mortality (p = 0.33). Methods: A protocol was implemented at our institution that allowed pharmacists to order an MRSA nasal PCR test in patients with pneumonia. This retrospective chart review compared a cohort of patients who received vancomycin from before implementation of the protocol to patients who received vancomycin after the protocol’s implementation. The primary endpoint was vancomycin days of therapy (DOTs) between the pre-protocol group and the post-protocol group. Other endpoints assessed included the length of hospitalization, readmission rates, and mortality. Conclusions: Pharmacists ordering MRSA nasal PCR tests significantly reduced vancomycin DOTs, average length of stay, and 30-day readmission rates, contributing to positive outcomes in patients with pneumonia.
Phenotypic Differentiation Within the aac(6′) Aminoglycoside Resistance Gene Family Suggests a Novel Subtype IV of Contemporary Clinical Relevance
Authors: Plattner Michel , Catelani Maurizio , Gmür Sarah-Lisa , Hartmann Maximilian , Kiliç Fatmanur , Haldimann Klara , Crich David , Hobbie Sven N.
Published: December 2024

Background: Whole genome sequencing of clinical bacterial isolates holds promise in predicting their susceptibility to antibiotic therapy, based on a detailed understanding of the phenotypic manifestation of genotypic variation. The aac(6′) aminoglycoside acetyltransferase gene family is the most abundant aminoglycoside resistance determinant encountered in clinical practice. A variety of AAC(6′) isozymes have been described, suggesting a phenotypic distinction between subtype I, conferring resistance to amikacin (AMK), and subtype II, conferring resistance to gentamicin (GEN) instead. However, the epidemiology and thus clinical relevance of the various and diverse isozymes and their phenotypic distinction demand systematic and contemporary re-assessment to reliably predict bacterial susceptibility to aminoglycoside antibiotics. Methods: We analyzed the resistance gene annotations of 657,603 clinical bacterial isolates to assess the prevalence and diversity of aac(6′) genes. Seventeen unique aac(6′) amino acid sequences were cloned and expressed under defined promoter control in otherwise isogenic E. coli cells for phenotypic analysis with twenty distinct aminoglycoside antibiotics. A panel of clinical isolates was analyzed for the genotype–phenotype correlation of aac(6′). Results: An aac(6′) resistance gene annotation was found in 139,236 (21.2%) of the clinical isolates analyzed. AMK resistance-conferring aac(6′)-I genes dominated in Enterobacterales (28.5%). In Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, a gene conferring the aac(6′)-II phenotype but annotated as aac(6′)-Ib4 was the most prevalent. None of the aac(6′) genes were annotated as subtype III, but gene aac(6′)-Ii identified in Gram-positive isolates displayed a subtype III phenotype. Genes that were annotated as aac(6′)-Ib11 in Enterobacterales conferred resistance to both AMK and GEN, which we propose constitutes a novel subtype IV when applying established nomenclature. A phenotypic assessment facilitated structural re-assessment of the substrate promiscuity of AAC(6′) enzymes. Conclusions: Our study provides the most comprehensive analysis of clinically relevant aac(6′) gene sequence variations to date, providing new insights into a differentiated substrate promiscuity across the genotypic spectrum of this gene family, thus translating into a critical contribution towards the development of amino acid sequence-based in silico antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST).
BioFire® Joint Infection Panel for Samples Other than Synovial Fluid
Authors: Benvenuto Nicola , Di Bella Stefano , Principe Luigi , Luppino Diego , Conti Jacopo , Costantino Venera , Di Santolo Manuela , Busetti Marina , Luzzati Roberto , Zerbato Verena
Published: December 2024

Objectives: The early identification of infection-causing microorganisms through multiplex PCR panels enables prompt and targeted antibiotic therapy. This study aimed to assess the performance of the BioFire® Joint Infection Panel (BF-JIP) in analysing non-synovial fluid samples. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at Trieste University Hospital, Italy, on hospitalised adults with non-synovial fluid samples tested by both BF-JIP and traditional culture methods (November 2022–April 2024). Results: We evaluated 48 samples from 45 patients, including 24 abscess drainage fluids and 10 tissue samples. The BF-JIP showed high concordance (85.4%) and enhanced detection (4.3%) compared to culture methods. The BF-JIP excelled in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (100% accuracy and concordance) and in abscess drainage fluid (accuracy: 95.8%; concordance: 91.7%) identification and maintained high performance rates in patients under antibiotics. Conclusions: These findings suggest that BF-JIP is a valuable tool for accurate pathogen detection in various clinical samples, offering the additional advantage of being a rapid method.
Biosynthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of Gold, Silver, and Bimetallic Nanoparticles Using Annona squamosa L. Leaves
Authors: Jibrin Fatima , Fanoro Olufunto T. , Maluleke Rodney , Lebepe Thabang C. , Mgedle Nande , Mbaz Gracia It Mwad , Aladesuyi Olanrewaju A. , Kalimuthu Rajendran , Odeku Oluwatoyin A. , Oluwafemi Oluwatobi S.
Published: December 2024

The utilization of nano-sized drug delivery systems in herbal drug delivery systems has a promising future for improving drug effectiveness and overcoming issues connected with herbal medicine. As a consequence, the use of nanocarriers as novel drug delivery systems for the improvement of traditional medicine is critical to combating infectious diseases globally. In line with this, we herein report the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and bimetallic nanoparticles (BMNPs) as antibacterial agents against pathogenic bacterial strains using Annona squamosa L. leaf extract as a bio-reductant and bio-stabilizing agent. The as-synthesized metal nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the dynamic light scattering (DLS) method. The as-synthesized MNPs had an average particle size of 6.98 nm ± 2.86 nm (AgNPs), 21.84 ± 8.72 nm (AuNPs), and 2.05 nm ± 0.76 nm (BMNPs). The as-synthesized AgNPs and BMNPs showed good antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacterial strains of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). The obtained results offer insight into the development of benign nanoparticles as safe antibacterial agents for antibiotic therapy using Annona squamosa L. leaf extract.
Oxalis erythrorhiza Gillies ex Hooker et Arnott (Oxalidaceae): Chemical Analysis, Biological In Vitro and In Vivo Properties and Behavioral Effects
Authors: Gómez Jessica , Simirgiotis Mario J. , Kruse María Sol , Gamarra-Luques Carlos , Lima Beatriz , Zaragosa José , Piñeiro Mauricio , Tapia Alejandro , Coirini Héctor , Rey Mariana
Published: December 2024

In this work, a decoction (DOe) and a methanolic global extract (MGEOe), obtained with the aerial parts of Oxalis erythrorhiza Gillies ex Hooker et Arnott (Oxalidaceae), were evaluated. The high-resolution liquid chromatography in conjunction with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) analysis showed forty compounds in MGEOe and twenty-nine in DOe, including flavones, C-glycosyl flavones, isoflavones, fatty acids, terpenes, phenolic acids, and sterols. The antioxidant properties were evaluated by DPPH, TEAC, FRAP, and ILP assays. Both DOe and MGEOe showed stronger antioxidant activities. The anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by COX inhibition method, where DOe demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect. The cytotoxic effects were evaluated in the tumoral HCT-116 and non-tumoral HBL-100 cell lines, revealing a selective action from DOe and MGOe on cancer cells. DOe was evaluated in an animal model of insulin resistance, which is characterized by alterations in glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as cognitive impairments, including anxiety-like behavior and memory deficits. Male SD rats received sucrose (10% w/v, SUC), a half dilution of DOe (5% w/v) with sucrose (HDOeS) or DOe with sucrose (DOeS) from PND21 to PND61. Then, anxiety-like behavior and spatial memory were assessed using the open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM) and the novel object location (NOL) tests, respectively. Serum parameters basal glycemia, total cholesterol (TC) and tryglicerides were measured using commercial kits. The lipid peroxidation was determined in homogenates of cerebral cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus by TBAR assay. Only HDOeS exhibited lower anxiety-like behavior in OF and improved performance in NOL compared to SUC. Furthermore, DOeS showed reduced serum parameters, while HDOeS presented lower TC levels than SUC. No differences were observed on TBAR assay. The beneficial properties of these preparations could be attributed to the identified metabolites. These findings highlighted O. erythrorhiza as a potential source of compounds to improve human health; however, further research is required to elucidate its mechanisms of action.
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 1008 Promotes Reproductive Function and Cognitive Activity in Aged Male Mice with High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity by Altering Metabolic Parameters and Alleviating Testicular Oxidative Damage, Inflammation and Apoptosis
Authors: Liu Chin-Yu , Tsai Tsung-Yu , Liu Te-Hua , Chang Ting-Chia , Chen Yi-Wen , Tsao Chih-Wei
Published: December 2024

The effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 1008 (LP1008) on age-related cognitive impairment and skeletal muscle atrophy have been reported previously. However, its role in obesity- and age-related hypogonadism has yet to be explored. This study investigates the therapeutic efficacy of low- and high-dose LP1008 in a high-fat-diet-fed male mouse model. Mice at 37 weeks of age were fed a standard diet (n = 8) or a 45% high-fat diet for 28 weeks, and the high-fat-diet-fed mice were divided into vehicle, low-dose and high-dose LP1008 groups (n = 8 per group) on the basis of the treatment administered for an additional 8 weeks. We found that LP1008 suppressed the increases in total cholesterol levels and liver function parameters and alleviated histological changes in the brain, ileum, gastrocnemius muscle and testes. In terms of reproductive function, LP1008 attenuated the decreases in sperm quality, sperm maturity, testosterone levels and levels of enzymes involved in testosterone biosynthesis. Furthermore, LP1008 altered impairments in spatial learning and memory and induced slight alterations in the gut microbiota. Moreover, LP1008 exerted antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in aged, obese male mice. LP1008 reversed diet-induced obesity, age-related reproductive dysfunction and pathological damage by increasing testosterone levels and altering the gut microbiome through the regulation of mediators involved in oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation.
Protective Effects of Exogenous Melatonin Administration on White Fat Metabolism Disruption Induced by Aging and a High-Fat Diet in Mice
Authors: Lv Dongying , Ren Yujie , Chen Jiayan , Pang Ziyao , Tang Yaxuan , Zhang Lizong , Yan Laiqing , Ai Xiufeng , Xv Xiaoping , Wang Dejun , Cai Zhaowei
Published: December 2024

Obesity has emerged as a major risk factor for human health, exacerbated by aging and changes in dietary habits. It represents a significant health challenge, particularly for older people. While numerous studies have examined the effects of obesity and aging on fat metabolism independently, research on their combined effects is limited. In the present study, the protective action against white fat accumulation after a high-fat diet (HFD) exerted by exogenous melatonin, a circadian hormone endowed with antioxidant properties also involved in fat metabolism, was investigated in a mouse model. For this purpose, a battery of tests was applied before and after the dietary and melatonin treatments of the animals, including epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) histological evaluations, transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses, real-time PCR tests, immunofluorescence staining, Western blot, the appraisal of serum melatonin levels, and transmission electron microscopy. This study found that aged mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) showed increased lipid deposition, inflammation, and reduced antioxidant glutathione (GSH) levels compared to younger mice. Lipidomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed elevated triglycerides, diglycerides, ceramides, and cholesterol, along with decreased sphingomyelin and fatty acids in eWAT. The genes linked to inflammation, NF-κB signaling, autophagy, and lipid metabolism, particularly the melatonin and glutathione pathways, were significantly altered. The aged HFD mice also exhibited reduced melatonin levels in serum and eWAT. Melatonin supplementation reduced lipid deposition, increased melatonin and GSH levels, and upregulated AANAT and MTNR1A expression in eWAT, suggesting that melatonin alleviates eWAT damage via the MTNR1A pathway. It also suppressed inflammatory markers (e.g., TNF-α, NLRP3, NF-κB, IL-1β, and CEBPB) and preserved mitochondrial function through enhanced mitophagy. This study highlights how aging and HFD affect lipid metabolism and gene expression, offering potential intervention strategies. These findings provide important insights into the mechanisms of fat deposition associated with aging and a high-fat diet, suggesting potential intervention strategies.
Ganoderma lucidum Spore Powder Alleviates Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease by Improving Lipid Accumulation and Oxidative Stress via Autophagy
Authors: Zhang Yuxuan , Zhou Jiali , Yang Lan , Xiao Hang , Liu Dongbo , Kang Xincong
Published: December 2024

Lipid accumulation and oxidative stress, which could be improved by autophagy, are the “hits” of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Ganoderma lucidum spore powder (GLSP) has the effect of improving liver function. However, there are few reports about its effects on and mechanisms impacting MAFLD alleviation. This study investigated the effect of GLSP on hepatic lipid accumulation and oxidative stress and explored the role that autophagy played in this effect. The results showed that GLSP effectively reduced lipid accumulation and activated autophagy in the livers of mice with high-fat-diet-induced disease and palmitic acid-induced hepatocytes. GLSP reduced the lipid accumulation by reducing lipogenesis and promoting lipid oxidation in HepG2 cells. It decreased the production of ROS, increased the activity of SOD and CAT, and improved the mitochondrial membrane potential via the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. The alleviating effects of GLSP on the lipid accumulation and oxidative stress was reversed by 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an autophagy inhibitor. GLSP activated autophagy via the AMPK pathway in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, GLSP could attenuate MAFLD by the improvement of lipid accumulation and oxidative stress via autophagy. This paper is the first to report the improvement of MAFLD through autophagy promotion. It will shed novel light on the discovery of therapeutic strategies targeting autophagy for MAFLD.
Efficient Task Scheduling Using Constraints Programming for Enhanced Planning and Reliability
Authors: Cho JaeBong , Jung Soonil , Yang Kyungmo , Kim Dohun , Kim WonJong
Published: December 2024

This paper presents an efficient schedule method for maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) tasks for aircraft engines using a constraint programming algorithm. Using data obtained from Korean Air’s MRO maintenance logs, we analyze and predict the optimal scheduling of regular inspections and fault repairs for various engine types. By proposing a proper modeling of the problem and preparing data for the constraint programming algorithm, we demonstrate superior performance in scheduling efficiency and resource utilization. The experimental results show an average utilization of 99.35%, and the method can even achieve 100% utilization in some cases.
System to Assist the Driver During a Single Lane Change Maneuver, in the Conditions of Danger Arising from a Change in the Condition of the Road Surface
Authors: Lozia Zbigniew , Guzek Marek
Published: December 2024

The article describes the application of a vehicle simulation model to assess the driving hazards that arise due to changes in the tyre–road adhesion during a lane change. An experimentally verified vehicle dynamics model was used. The typical single lane change maneuver, performed on dry concrete, wet concrete, and ice-covered roads, was simulated for three vehicle speeds. The disturbance was introduced as a changed tyre–road adhesion on the target lane. Typical sinusoidal (one-period) input was applied to the steering wheel. Adhesion change may lead to an accident when considering the driver’s reaction time. An original control algorithm has been built. It is the driver assistance system with a double PID controller of the steering wheel angle. The system parameters were determined based on the principles recommended in the automatic control engineering monographs. The controller fulfils its tasks for motion at very high speeds on a homogeneous road surface and for the case where the tyre–road adhesion is changed during a maneuver. Thanks to this, the threat can be avoided.
Measuring Collision Risk in Mixed Traffic Flow Under the Car-Following and Lane-Changing Behavior
Authors: Zhang Mengya , Yang Jie , Yang Xiaoguang , Duan Xingyan
Published: December 2024

This study proposes a risk measurement approach to assess collision risks in mixed traffic flow, focusing on the integrated behavior of car-following and lane-changing. A new surrogate safety measure (SSM), denoted as Rtotal, is developed to provide a comprehensive risk assessment. Numerical analysis is used to determine the weights of parameters within Rtotal, and its validity is substantiated using an empirical dataset, with a risk threshold of 0.49 established when the time to collision (TTC) is set to 2 s. The study incorporates scenarios of connected and automated vehicle (CAV) degradation and evaluates the influence of penetration rates, perception–reaction time (PRT), and lane-changing modes on risk levels. Simulation results reveal that a CAV penetration rate between 0.4 and 0.6 represents a critical range where collision risks significantly increase, reflecting safety dynamics under CAV degradation. Furthermore, in scenarios involving lane-changing, the degradation of the following vehicle in the target lane poses the highest risk. At lower PRTs, the penetration rate exerts a more significant influence on collision risks. Rtotal has been validated across various scenarios, showing strong applicability and more sensitive trends than other SSMs, making it well-suited for assessing long-term comprehensive traffic flow risks. These findings offer practical guidance for traffic management to establish real-time risk prediction and warning systems for identifying high-risk car-following and lane-changing behaviors. Future research can explore the applicability of the proposed risk index in more complex traffic scenarios and its effectiveness across different levels of vehicle automation and connectivity.
Oral Microbiome Research in Biopsy Samples of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Challenges
Authors: Špiljak Bruno , Ozretić Petar , Andabak Rogulj Ana , Lončar Brzak Božana , Brailo Vlaho , Škerlj Marija , Vidović Juras Danica
Published: December 2024

This study aims to evaluate the potential benefits and challenges of integrating oral microbiome research into the clinical management of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The oral microbiome has gained significant attention for its role in the pathogenesis and progression of these conditions, with emerging evidence suggesting its value as a diagnostic and prognostic tool. By critically analyzing current evidence and methodological considerations, this manuscript examines whether microbiome analysis in biopsy samples can aid in the early detection, prognosis, and management of OPMD and OSCC. The complexity and dynamic nature of the oral microbiome require a multifaceted approach to fully understand its clinical utility. Based on this review, we conclude that studying the oral microbiome in this context holds significant promise but also faces notable challenges, including methodological variability and the need for standardization. Ultimately, this manuscript addresses the question, “Should such research be undertaken, given the intricate interactions of various factors and the inherent obstacles involved?”, and also emphasizes the importance of further research to optimize clinical applications and improve patient outcomes.
Remote Water Quality Monitoring System for Use in Fairway Applications
Authors: Staude Marek , Brożek Piotr , Kostecka Ewelina , Tarnapowicz Dariusz , Wysocki Jan
Published: December 2024

In the context of climate change, there is a growing need for accurate, real-time data on water quality in river waterways. This results in the development of advanced monitoring systems. This article presents a remote water quality monitoring system designed specifically for use in inland waterways, the basic elements of which are placed in a buoy with an IoT unit. The proposed system uses a network of sensors strategically placed along the waterway to continuously measure critical parameters: temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity. Various compatibility, efficiency, and ease-of-use tests have been conducted to verify each aspect of the monitoring system. It has been shown that the sensors operate within the intended accuracy ranges. The central unit equipped with a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) module can wirelessly transmit data to a main server, enabling remote access and analysis via a user-friendly interface of the developed application. The paper details the technical architecture of the system, the integration of GSM technology to ensure reliable data transmission, and the results of the monitoring studies of the proposed parameters. The remote monitoring system offers significant benefits in terms of early detection of pollution events, ensuring the safety of aquatic life, and supporting sustainable navigation practices. The research results highlight the potential of GSM-based remote monitoring systems to revolutionize water quality management in waterways in various regions.
On Large Amplitude Vibrations of the Softening Duffing Oscillator at Low Excitation Frequencies—Some Fundamental Considerations
Authors: von Wagner Utz , Lentz Lukas , Dänschel Hannes , Gräbner Nils
Published: December 2024

The Duffing equation containing a cubic nonlinearity is probably the most popular example of a nonlinear oscillator. For its harmonically excited, slightly damped, and softening version, stationary large amplitude solutions at subcritical excitation frequencies are obtained when standard semi-analytical methods like Harmonic Balance or Perturbation Analysis are applied. These solutions have the shape of a nose in the amplitude-frequency diagram. In prior work, it has been observed that these solutions may contain large errors and that high ansatz orders may be necessary when applying the Harmonic Balance or other semi-analytical methods to make them converge. Some of these solutions are observed to be asymptotically stable, while in most cases, they are unstable. The current paper aims to give a descriptive explanation for this behavior of the nose solutions, which is mainly related to the exact solution of the free undamped vibrations. Based on this, approximations of the nose solutions are calculated with a procedure combining properties of Perturbation Analysis and Harmonic Balance. Therein, the exact solution of the free undamped vibrations is taken as the zeroth approximation, while higher-order solution parts are calculated by balancing the harmonics, and the phase shift of the zeroth approximation is calculated by a residuum minimization. This method just requires the solution of a system of linear algebraic equations, while systems of nonlinear algebraic equations have to be solved in the case of directly applying Harmonic Balance.
Analysis of the Influence of Brood Deaths on Honeybee Population
Authors: Atanasov Atanas Z. , Georgiev Slavi G. , Vulkov Lubin G.
Published: December 2024

Many mathematical models using ordinary differential equations (ODEs) have been used to investigate what type of stressors cause honeybee colonies collapse. We propose a simple model of a delayed differential equation system (DDE) to describe the effect of insecticides over brood death rate and its influence over honeybee population dynamics. First, we remember some basic facts for the model with no delay. To analyze our model, we study the equilibria and perform stability and sensitivity analysis of the DDE system. Next, by using the delay time τ as a bifurcation parameter, we find that no Hopf bifurcation could arise as the time lag τ varies within biologically plausible ranges. Numerical simulations with real data are studied for the biological significance of the model.