bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy in the staging of prostatic cancer: Our experience in 37 cases
Authors: Bianchi G. , Tallarigo C. , Beltrami P. , Schiavone D. , Cavalleri S. , Giusti G.
Published: July 2019

— This paper reports the result of our experience on 37 patients with prostatic carcinoma who underwent laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy. The technique we practised is very similar to the one described by Schuessler in 1991. The average total number of lymph nodes removed and operative time were comparable to standard open techniques. Nine patients had distant metastasis (24.3%). We had no important complications in our series of patients. The minimally invasive approach and the rapid resumption of everyday activity widely balance the cost of this procedure if we consider its diagnostic use.
Intraureteral heat-expanding endoprosthesis (Memotherm) in the treatment of recurrent ureteral stenosis
Authors: Bonacina R. , Baresi A. , De Cenzo S. , Perego S.
Published: July 2019

— Use of the new intraureteral metallic heat-expanding endoprosthesis (Memotherm), is a valid alternative treatment for ureteral stenosis, for which traditional endourological methods have given unsatisfactory results. A case of recurrent left pelvic ureteral stricture, treated by placing such a stent after the failure of other therapies, is reported. Technique of insertion and results are described.
Urologic laparoscopic surgery: Light and shade
Authors: Breda G. , Silvestre P. , Gherardi L. , Giunta A. , Tamai A. , Xausa D.
Published: July 2019

— Analysing material and world-wide urologic laparoscopie surgery experience, the Authors try to define, also according to their experience, the indications for which the laparoscopic technique is established and well accepted and, on the contrary, those which are still controversial. Critical evaluation about laparoscopic surgery indications are often supported by the costs of the “minimally invasive” technique compared to the traditional surgical approach.
Instrumental chemiolysis of uric acid stones in high risk patients
Authors: Baresi A. , De Cenzo S. , Bonacina R. , Perego S.
Published: July 2019

— The Authors report a series of 15 reno-ureteral obstructive uric acid calculi in high risk patients initially treated by percutaneous nephrostomy. After attempting stone dissolution by in-situ alkalinization, they discuss the place of such a method among the various treatments for uric acid stones.
Use of Mitek G II anchors in female pelvic surgery
Authors: Ferrando U. , Arena G. , Cucchiarale G. , Pigato M. , Manzo M. , De Natale A.
Published: July 2019

— The surgical treatment of female urinary incontinence and cystocele consists of a Burch colposuspension, indirect colpopromontorysuspension and the Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz procedure. In these techniques non-reabsorbable monofilament sutures are used for fixing the periosteum. Since 1990 Mitek has been producing anchors for bony fixation and, lately, easy-to-handle mini anchors with drill and inserter, which are inserted through the guide into the prepared bone. The video shows the specific instruments, the anchor preparation and its bony fixation.
New software for prostate transrectal ultrasound biopsy (TRUSB)
Authors: D'incà G. , Bertoldin R. , Babudri F. , Camuffo M.C. , De Marchi G. , Guazzieri S.
Published: July 2019

— The Authors describe a new software for prostate transrectal ultrasound biopsy (TRUSB) patient management.
T1G3 bladder carcinoma: Can we still judge them as superficial tumours?
Authors: Pagano S. , Franzoso F.
Published: July 2019

— T1G3 bladder carcinomas are classified as superficial tumours and treatment results are included in low stage tumour groups. A review of survival rates shows that there is a high risk of progression, about 50–78%. Among other things this is due to some commonly-accepted factors. The grade is by now considered the most significant prognostic factor. It is easy in this stage for clinical understaging to occur and cases of N + are to be found in all early cystectomies. Another important factor is the differing interpretations by pathologists of the pT category and grade. With conservative treatment there is a progression of 50% after radiotherapy, 40% after endoscopic surgery and 40% after cytotoxic chemotherapy. Better results with BCG immunotherapy are reported with 10–19% progression; however, there is no significant follow-up yet in these cases and they often refer to all superficial tumours including T1G3 which taken singly have clearly worse percentages of recurrence and progression. Best survival rates are achieved with early cystectomy (76–95% at 5 years). These data advise considering T1G3 carcinomas clinically like invasive tumours and early cystectomy as the best therapy, while the risks of delaying cystectomy should be fully assessed.
Leiomyoma of the renal pelvis: Case report
Authors: Tosana M. , Botturi A. , Magri V. , Guerini A. , Cunico S. Cosciani
Published: July 2019

— Leiomyomas of the renal pelvis are rare benign tumours. Their bladder localization has been described in 160 cases, while their pelvic renal localization, according to our literature review, has been reported in just 6 cases. Of these, 5 underwent a nephroureterectomy and 1 conservative surgery, since the diagnostic preoperative examinations indicated urothelial disease. We report a case of fasciculated renal pelvis leiomyoma, in which the clinical aspect and the preoperative imaging indicated this fact and therefore the possibility of a conservative strategy.
Penetrating bladder injuries: Description of a clinical case
Authors: Borsa R. , Governa M. , Aimé G. , Fraire D. , Baralis E. , Fontana G.
Published: July 2019

— A penetrating bladder injury in a youth due to impalement through the scrotum was successfully operated. Perforation was at the bottom and on the dome and the absence of a clinical uro-peritoneal picture was due to the plugging of the latter rupture by the omentum. Retrograde urethrocystography was negative and only pelvic ultrasound characterised the diagnosis, leading to an immediate explorative surgical approach.
Double leiomyoma of the female urethra
Authors: De Cenzo S. , Baresi A. , Bonacina R. , Perego S.
Published: July 2019

— Leiomyoma of the female urethra is an uncommon but benign tumour of mesenchymal origin. We describe a case of double urethral leiomyoma, review the literature on this rare neoplasm and discuss its management.
A new case of scrotal localization of “small round cell tumour”
Authors: Drei N. , Camuffo M.C. , Bertoldin R. , D'incà G. , Macri E. , Guazzieri S.
Published: July 2019

— We present a case of scrotal localization of “small round cell tumour”. The patient, a 28-year-old man, underwent orchifunicolectomy and antiblastic chemotherapy (platinum, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide) and died after 13 months.
Prognostic value of clinical parameters for renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Schiavone D. , Isgrò A. , Migliorini F. , Puce R. , Lusuardi L. , Mofferdin A. , Luciani L. , Mobilio G.
Published: July 2019

– Clinical evaluation of patients with kidney tumours should provide several parameters with possible prognostic value, such as age, sex, incidental discovery, duration of symptoms, weight loss, fever, disease-free interval, performance status, elevated ESR, hypercalcemia, elevated gamma-enolase, local tumour extension, invasion of renal vein and inferior vena cava, lymphatic metastases, distant metastases, tumour dimension, multicentricity, bilaterality and growth velocity. Some of these factors correlate to prognosis in univariate statistical analysis; in multivariate analysis, however, tumour stage is the best prognostic factor, while the other parameters show less or no prognostic value. Besides tumour stage, parameters with an independent value are performance status, weight loss, elevated ESR. Using these prognostic factors, patients can be divided into groups with different prognosis and treatment.
Renal cell carcinoma: Pathological prognostic criteria
Authors: Mariuzzi G.M. , Mombello A. , Capitanio A. , Mariuzzi L. , Morelli L. , Rucco V. , Pea M.
Published: July 2019

– Pathological criteria so far employed in the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma provide no clinically useful information. This paper emphasises the possibilities offered by histopathology today for tackling this clinical problem more effectively. Nuclear analysis, with objective and quantitative evaluation of the degree of distortion, may provide extremely useful information. The authors correctly classified 90% of the 50 cases of renal cell carcinoma considered and whose follow-up at 5 years was known.
Renal neoplasm: The prognostic significance of nodal involvement
Authors: Martorana G. , Bertaccini A.
Published: July 2019

– Histologically-proven positive nodal involvement has a markedly negative affect on the prognosis of patients subjected to surgery for renal neoplasm. The incidence of nodal metastases reported in literature is wide-ranging and depends on various factors. A critical retrospective evaluation of literature in terms of survival curves and prognostic factor analysis highlights a particularly heterogeneous picture, due to much methodological bias and frequent violation of assumptions of the statistical analyses used. All these factors prevent a precise, independent prognostic value from being assigned to nodal involvement. The results of the single randomised prospective study (protocom EORTC 30881) on the therapeutic effectiveness of lymphadenectomy have been weakened by the low reported incidence of nodal involvement (about 5%). One of the most plausible explanations for this is the change in the natural history of renal tumours, which are currently diagnosed at low volume and stage, with a consequently low rate of nodal and/or distant metastases. This change in the natural history of the disease has increased the frequency of non-elective nephron-sparing surgery with optional nodal dissection over the last few years. This new approach has weakened the traditionally recognised role of lymphadenectomy in staging the disease.
Continent urinary diversion: Evolution of techniques
Authors: Reggiani A. , Mannini D.
Published: July 2019

– The panel discussion is introduced with emphasis being placed on the continuing development of urinary diversion techniques, the history of which is briefly summarized. To date, indications for external continent diversion are limited. Women in particular, who have long been considered as ideal candidates for continent diversion, are now being submitted with increasing frequency to orthotopic bladder reconstruction to the urethra.
Heterotopic continent reservoirs: Hydraulic valve of Benchekroun
Authors: Ronzoni G.
Published: July 2019

– The authors describe the function of Benchekroun's hydraulic valve. They propose a modification of the valve to reduce the percentage of disinvaginations, which are the main cause of loss of the continence mechanism. Results are described.
Bladder hernias: Report of 4 cases and literature review
Authors: Novella G. , D'Amico A. , Puce R. , Isgrò A. , Mastroeni F. , Curti P. , Tallarigo C. , Malossini G. , Mobilio G.
Published: July 2019

– Bladder hernia is a rare pathology found in men over 50 years old in particular and almost always associated with bladder neck obstruction. The authors report 4 cases of bladder hernia treated surgically between April 1984 and November 1995. The average age of patients was 67.5 years (range: 61–75), who presented with non-specific voiding disturbances associated with an inguinal mass which increased in volume during voiding. Diagnosis was made on the basis of pyelographic results. Conservative surgery (reduction of the hernia and reconstruction of the inguinal channel) was carried out in 3 cases, while the hernia was excised in the remaining patient due to its large size, the narrow neck of the sac and the severe damage to the herniated bladder wall. Prostatic adenomectomy was carried out at the same time in all patients, by transvesical approach in 3 cases and transurethral in one. The histological exam showed adenofibroleiomuscular hyperplasia of the prostate in all cases, in one being associated with a prostatic adenocarcinoma. After an average follow-up of 93.75 months (range 20–170), results were good in all patients.
Incidence of bladder cancer in areas “at risk”
Authors: Di Stefano G. , Sarto G. , Serrao A.
Published: July 2019

– Cancer of the bladder is closely correlated to life style and exposure to environmental and occupational chemical substances. This study, based on data taken from the tumour register of the Province of Ragusa for the period 1988–1992, has shown that bladder cancer is higher in terms of incidence and mortality than the national average. Epidemiological data would seem to back up the suspicion that there is a link between bladder cancer and phytopharmaceuticals, which could act as “initiator” and/or “promoter” agents according to the “carcinogenesis in two stages” theory. Further research will also be carried out with specific toxicological studies.
Orthotopic ileal neo-bladder: Complications and failures. Our experience
Authors: Cusumano G. , De Carli P. , Fattahi H. , Pompeo V. , Cancrini A.
Published: July 2019

– Between 1989 and June 1996, 126 continent orthotopic ileal neo-bladders were constructed according to Studer after radical cystectomy due to infiltrating bladder tumour. Out of these cases there were 6 peri-operative deaths (4.7%), 11 early complications (8.7%) and 42 late complications (33.3%). Functional failures were also noted in a negligible percentage amounting to 7.2%. We report on the methods used to treat the complications and the failures strictly tied to the operation and on the techniques adopted to avert them.
Intravesical iontophoresis. Preliminary experience in 26 patients affected by superficial bladder tumours
Authors: Serretta V. , Vaccarella G. , Licata A. , Piazza B.
Published: July 2019

– Intravesical iontophoresis should permit higher intratumoral concentrations of a drug administered intravesically for the treatment of superficial bladder tumours. Iontophoresis was performed with mitomycin C (30 mg in 60 ml) for 20 minutes using a pulsating electric current of 20 mA. Ten patients, with a papillary marker lesion left after TUR, were treated for ablative purposes. Sixteen other patients were submitted to intravesical prophylaxis after complete TUR. Toxicity was purely local. A complete response was obtained in 6 of the 10 patients with a marker lesion.
Inflammatory pseudo bladder tumour: Clinical case
Authors: Paola Q. , Cammarata C. , Panarisi S. , Barbera M. , Solazzo G. , Curto F. , Curto G. , Nuciforo P. , Nuciforo G.
Published: July 2019

– An inflammatory pseudoneoplasm of the bladder is an uncommon benign lesion. The case described involves a 46-year-old man with macrohematuria. Diagnosis from the ultrasound image tended towards urothelioma, while endoscopy showed a lesion with indefinite characteristics. The histological exam finally allowed correct diagnosis, showing the benign nature of the disease.
Renal oncocytoma: Clinical-pathological study of a singular case
Authors: Comunale S. , Troiano L. , Napolitano S. , Iudici P. , Giambusso A. , Blanco A. , Lentini A. , Gitana C. , Lauria F.
Published: July 2019

– The authors report their experience of a case of renal oncocytoma and present a literature review.
A case of multilocular renal cysts
Authors: Solazzo G. , Paola Q. , Cammarata C. , Panarisi S. , Barbera M. , Curto G. , Nuciforo G.
Published: July 2019

– The authors describe a case of voluminous multilocular cysts of the left kidney in a 41-year-old woman. Potter's dysplatic, Friedman's congenital, Arey's hamartomatose theories have all been put forward regarding the histopathogenesis of this disease. The lack of renal tissue in the septa, the presence of non-communicating compartments containing liquid and the normality of the surrounding parenchyma distinguish this pathology from other cystic lesions of the kidney. Although imaging techniques show the presence of renal lesions, they are not pathognomonic for multilocular renal cysts. The patient underwent left nephrectomy and the histological exam confirmed the diagnosis.
Post-traumatic thrombosis of the renal artery. Our experience
Authors: Pirritano D. , Scalfari A. , Ventrice G.A. , Martino L.F. , Zagordi A.A. , Apollini L.M. , Lanza P.
Published: July 2019

– In this work the authors describe a case of post-trauma renal artery thrombosis. The 46-year-old male patient, with a post trauma to the right flank, underwent emergency urography during which he went into shock. Emergency laparotomy was therefore performed by anterior transperitoneal approach. Trauma of the spleen and rupture of the right kidney with thrombosis of the right renal artery was found. The aim of the authors is to show that immediate operation is sometimes necessary without careful pre-operative radiological exams in order to save the patient's life.
Standard methods for studying pharmaceutical economy
Authors: De Grande G. , Scandurra A.
Published: July 2019

– It is necessary to check the quality of the expense for the production of “public good health” and find elements of evaluation and control whereby results may be compared, also considering the medicines used and the expenses incurred. Universally-accepted standard parameters allow analogous situations to be compared. In the case of epidemiological and pharmaceutical-economic research the accepted parameters are: medicine classification according to the A.T.C. (anatomic - therapeutic - chemical) method and assessment of the exposure to medicines of a group or population, according to the D.D.D. (defined dose per day) method. From February to March and September to October 1995, the men's section of the urology ward was evaluated in relation to “G04 AB” medicines, analysed in the 5th level according to the A.T.C. method. The working method is standardised and although not absolute, enables pharmaco-economic evaluations to be made between work groups with similar situations. Furthermore, despite not being complete in itself, it could become a system of external quality control.
Efficacy of PGE1 in erectile dysfunction of varying etiology
Authors: Pomara S. , Cappello F. , Pomara C. , Pomara G.
Published: July 2019

– The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of Prostaglandin E1 in treating erectile disturbances with different etiology. Two hundred patients aged between 20 and 87 years were treated for erectile dysfunction, which was organic in 70.5% cases, psychogenic in 22% and idiopathic in 7.5%. The PGE1 was administered in doses ranging from a minimum of 2.5 μg to a maximum of 60 μg (3 cases). The study also tried to discover some of the reasons which led many of the patients to interrupt the therapeutic self-injection programme.
Tumori del tratto urinario ed attività lavorativa nella provincia di Lecco: Studio caso-controllo
Authors: Invernizzi S. , Locatelli G. , Cappoli S. , Butti A. , Librizzi A. , Pozza D. , Sabadini L , Ferraresi I. , Pisati G.
Published: July 2019

To examine occupational risk factors of bladder cancer, a hospital-based case-control study was carried out on incident cases in the province of Lecco between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 1995. The study involved 146 subjects with bladder cancer and 187 controls with non-neoplastic diseases. Sociodemographic characteristics, smoking and drinking habits, lifetime occupational history and exposure to a set of 18 occupational substances suspected as carcinogenic for urinary bladder epithelium were recorded by means of a structured questionnaire. Chi square and logistic regression methods were used for the analysis. Significantly increased risks were found in workers assigned to machinery manufacture (OR=2.2), white-collar workers (OR=1.9) and traders (OR=3.8). Higher risks were seen in men occupationally exposed to aluminium, dyes and paints or varnishes, flour, diesel or traffic fumes and mineral oils. In conclusion, occupational exposure seems to contribute to bladder cancer risk in the area under study.
L'uretere retrocavale: Embriogenesi e correzione laparoscopica con accesso retroperitoneale in un caso ad ansa bassa
Authors: Trombetta C. , Savoca G. , Liguori G. , Raber M. , Lissiani A. , Belgrano E.
Published: July 2019

With the minimal morbidity attained using laparoscopy, its application in urologic surgery has been increasing. Using laparoscopic techniques we successfully completed the transposition and re-anastomosis of a retrocaval right ureter. Operation time was 240 minutes. The patient was allowed to walk on the first post-operative day and resumed oral intake on the second day. Administration of analgesics was not required. The ureteral stent was removed on the 24th day after operation. An intravenous urogram three months after operation showed a decrease in hydronephrosis. Laparoscopic correction of retrocaval ureter by extraperitoneal approach is a safe, feasible technique, avoiding a large surgical wound with the definite advantage of minimal disfigurement. Operating time is considerably shorter compared to the peritoneal approach as described by Baba (240’ vs 560’).
Tumore a cellule del Sertoli del testicolo: Descrizione di due casi clinici
Authors: Lodolo C. , Moro U. , Trombetta C. , Siracusano S. , Bussani R. , Buttazzi L
Published: July 2019

Sertoli cell tumour of the testis is a rare tumour currently classified in three types: general, with large calcifying cells and sclerosing. These three forms differ for their potential malignancy and association with extragonadal involvement. We report on our experience with 2 cases. The first was a calcifying Sertoli large cell tumour of the testis with an unusual ultrasound finding. The second was a combination of the general and the sclerosing form. Whenever the histology examination shows no malignant features, we suggest local excision as the gold standard therapy, as it allows the testicular parenchyma to be preserved. An accurate follow-up is obviously mandatory.
Esperienza e ricaduta di un corso sulla comunicazione umana in una Divisione Urologica
Authors: Spatafora S. , Cacciari C. , Lusenti C. , Cesolari R. Rossi , Arnaudi R. , Leoni S.
Published: July 2019

The Italian Health Care System is changing drastically and is obliging the medical profession to do likewise in its outlook. Hospitals are nowadays organised like a business, with new departmental organisations being created and budgets to be managed. Doctors are obliged to acquire both managerial capacities and a more in-depth knowledge of human behaviour. A better understanding of doctor/patient and working team relations therefore becomes mandatory. A course on human communications was organised in our department to highlight the problems involved and to improve our professionalism. A first level course consisting of 6 two-and-a-half-hour meetings was attended by the medical and nursing staff. The topics were: communicative exchange in a health-care setting; the role of non-verbal communication in doctor/patient relationships; working team relationships; the burn-out syndrome. Twelve months later the results of this experience were checked by an interview/questionnaire. Our communicative behaviour has not been revolutionised, but awareness of some communication problems have, however, changed our attitude. The concepts which have been assimilated more readily are: good communication does not mean just being “kind” in a therapeutical setting, but of being able to understand the real problems, needs and expectations of patients as well as ensuring that they also understand what they are told, so that they follow prescriptions and the percentage of recoveries consequently improves; in effective communication, verbal and non-verbal information should not be in conflict; it is impossible not to communicate and any attempt not to do so is interpreted as a refusal; particular attention should be paid in working team relationships to dysfunctional communication and the emergence of burn-out syndromes.
Elettrovaporizzazione transuretrale della prostata: Risultati a un anno di distanza
Authors: Corbu C. , Traverso P. , Bonini F. , Simonato A. , Farneti F. , Carmignani G.
Published: July 2019

Transurethral vaporisation of the prostate plays a leading role among the techniques for BPH treatment. Between April and December 1995 the authors treated 49 patients with BPH, all of whom benefited immediately. Assessment at the 12-month follow-up highlighted a reduction in IPSS to 7 and an increase in mean PFR to 23 ml/s. Complications were minimal. The immediate advantages of EVAP are widely acknowledged: little bleeding, absence of TUR syndrome, short catheter drainage, shorter hospitalisation and lower costs. The good PFR and IPSS values at 12 months confirm the effectiveness and safety of this technique, making it, in our opinion, even more interesting and less invasive for the surgical management of BPH.
Angiomiolipoma renale: Nostra esperienza in 14 casi sottoposti a terapia chirurgica
Authors: Deiana G. , Belussi D. , Hurle R. , Losa A. , Micheli E. , Ranieri A. , Lembo A.
Published: July 2019

Renal angiomyolipoma (AML) is an uncommon hamartomatous benign tumour and may present in an isolated form or associated with tuberous sclerosis (Bourneville's disease). Since there is no specific symptomatology when dimensions are small or medium, discovery is often accidental and the tumour may sometimes grow to a considerable size. In the symptomatic forms or larger tumours, surgery may be indicated due to the risk of retroperitoneal hemorrhage, both spontaneous and secondary to lumbar trauma, however slight. As the tumour is benign, kidney-sparing surgery should be as conservative as possible. For this purpose, ultrasound and CT scan are considered essential for a differential diagnosis between AML and parenchymal renal masses. In our experience with 14 cases (12 women and 2 men; minimum age 31 years, maximum 62 years) of monolateral renal AML (10 right kidney AML and 4 left kidney AML) in patients not suffering from tuberous sclerosis, treated surgically between August 1988 and February 1997, the pre-operative ultrasound and CT scan gave a correct diagnosis in 7 cases, a suggestion of renal carcinoma in 5 cases while leaving doubts in 2 cases. The two methods of investigation therefore proved not to be error-free. Following instrumental diagnosis, 12 patients underwent enucleoresection of the tumour while the remaining two underwent extensive nephrectomy. The presence of hemorrhagic areas with AML was considered to be the frequent cause of pre-operative diagnostic error.
Renai carcinoma: Obligatory conservative surgery
Authors: Scopelliti A. , Verbena A. , Pontorieri C. , Capocasale F. , Sergi R.
Published: July 2019

Radical nephrectomy is still widely held as being the most effective treatment for renal carcinoma. Such an aggressive approach is, however, inadvisable in patients with sole kidney, especially as no advantage has been shown in terms of survival compared to surgical procedures which spare the renal parenchyma and do not condemn the patient to extracorporeal dialysis or a transplant. Conservative surgery is therefore the treatment of choice in the case of bilateral carcinoma or sole functioning kidney. It allows complete removal of the tumour, helped by the actual characteristics of the same, while enough renal parenchyma si preserved to avoid uremia. Four clinical cases observed in the last 24 months are described and their surgical solutions are paradigmatic of the most frequently used therapeutic approach in obligatory conservative surgery of renal neoplasms. The cases consisted of 1 bilateral renal neoplasm, 2 neoplasms in sole kidney and 1 neoplasm in a patient with pluri-recurrent renal lithiasis. Post-operative course was regular in all cases and as of today there are no recurrences or metastases.
Power-Doppler with echo amplification in studying the microcirculation in arteriogenic erectile dysfunction: Preliminary experience
Authors: Gemelli R. , Arcuri V.
Published: July 2019

The authors emphasise the usefulness of Power-Doppler with echo amplification in studying the arterial microcirculation in selected patients with erectile deficit.
Chronic myeloid leukaemia and priapism in a boy: A dramatic case with favourable functional outcome
Authors: Martino L.F. , Gemelli R. , De Pasquale M. , Arcuri V. , Sicuro O.L. , Scalfari A.
Published: July 2019

In this work the authors describe a case of priapism lasting approx. 15 hours presenting chronic myeloid leukaemia in a 15-year-old boy. Aspiration of the corpora cavernosa was carried out and the boy remained in intensive care for 2 months, after which a Doppler examination was performed. This showed a moderate flow in the left artery and a poorer situation in the right.
Mini-invasive treatment of BPH with TUIP
Authors: Panarisi S. , Barbera M. , Cammarata C. , Paola Q. , Solazzo G. , Curto F. , Curto G.
Published: July 2019

The authors report their experience in treating benign prostatic hypertrophy with transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP) as an alternative to resection (TURP).
Percutaneous nephrostomy in the treatment of hydronephrosis during pregnancy: Our experience
Authors: Ascoli R. , Gerbino G. , Casuscelli M.
Published: July 2019

Hydronephrosis during pregnancy is commonly considered physiological due to compression of the ureters by the gravid uterus and by dilated ovarian veins. Only in symptomatic cases or secondary to obstruction is a urinary diversion required. Six cases of symptomatic hydronephrosis treated with percutaneous nephrostomy are reported. Tocolytic therapy was practised in order to avoid the risk of abortion.
Surgical and endoscopic therapy
Authors: Rossetti S. Rocca , Terrone C.
Published: July 2019

Despite the efficacy of new chemotherapy regimens, the medical treatment of genitourinary tubercolosis leads to recovery without sequelae in only 17–47% of cases. Open or endoscopic surgery therefore maintains an important role in treatment of the disease. Eighty years ago nephrectomy was the treatment of choice of renal tubercolosis. Nowadays some authors limit nephrectomy to patients with intractable pain, uncontrollable secondary infections, life-threatening hematuria, uncontrollable hypertension or resistance of the mycobacterium to medical therapy. We believe nephrectomy should be performed in cases of extensive renal damage, with or without complete functional loss, and in any case should be associated with exeresis of the whole ureter. In the presence of localised lesions, such as infundibular scarring with closed-off calyx, we generally perform a calycectomy in order to avoid a relapse of the disease and other possible complications. Also in these cases, however, surgery is controversial. Another aspect under debate concerns the association between chemotherapy and steroids. These stenoses, often involving the ureter, can be treated endoscopically (placement of ureteral stent, balloon dilatation, ureterotomy) or surgically (pyeloplasty, ureteral reimplantation, ileal ureter replacement, renal auto-transplantation). A serious consequence of urogenital tuberculosis is the loss of bladder capacity. This condition may be effectively treated with cytoplasty using an intestinal segment. In conclusion, conservative or radical surgery is still necessary to treat many cases of urogenital tubercolosis.
Parental Factors as Predictors of Dating Violence Among Latinx Adolescent Mothers
Authors: Hoss Lara , Toews Michelle L. , Perez-Brena Norma , Goodcase Eric , Feinberg Mark
Published: July 2019

The purpose of our study was to examine how parental stress and coparenting relationship quality were related to dating violence perpetration and victimization among 114 Latinx adolescent mothers. We hypothesized that higher levels of parental stress and lower coparenting quality would be associated with increased dating violence perpetration and victimization. Prior to running a path analysis to test our hypotheses, we examined how frequently the Latinx adolescent mothers in our sample reported perpetrating at least one act of psychological or physical abuse against their partner in the past month. We found that 84.3% of the mothers in our study had perpetrated at least one act of violence against their partner in the past month and 74.7% reported they had been the victim of at least one act of violence by their partner in the past month. After accounting for frequency of contact with the father of their child, we found Latinx adolescent mothers were more likely to perpetrate abuse against, as well as be the victim of abuse by, their partner if they had a lower quality coparenting relationship. However, parental stress was not associated with dating violence perpetration or victimization after accounting for frequency of contact. Our findings show the importance of the quality of the coparenting relationship, above and beyond parental stress, as a predictor of dating violence victimization and perpetration, thus highlighting the importance of educating adolescent parents about how to navigate the coparenting relationship.
Service-Learning and First-Generation University Students: A Conceptual Exploration of the Literature
Authors: Taylor Alison , Yochim Lorin , Raykov Milosh
Published: July 2019

Background: Despite increased access to higher education in recent decades, first-generation (first-gen) university students continue to face challenges with persistence and completion. Recommended responses by universities include exposing these students to “high-impact” educational practices. Purpose: This article examines the potential of one of these practices—service-learning—to address the disadvantages faced by first-gen students. Methodology/Approach: We review the literature on first-gen students and service-learning and offer a conceptual critique of dominant approaches. Findings/Conclusions: Dominant conceptions of service-learning treat first-gen students as a homogeneous, deficient group and reduce learning to an input-environment-output model. We argue for a more conceptually nuanced understanding of the reasons for the cultural mismatch often experienced by underrepresented groups of students. Implications: The conceptual resources offered in this article are intended to help researchers and policy makers undertake research that captures the diversity and richness of students’ lives and leads to more equitable practices.
Artisanal Ethnography: Notes on the Making of Ethnographic Craft
Authors: Vannini Phillip , Vannini April S.
Published: July 2019

Whereas the arts have acquired a greater role in ethnographic practice as of late, artisanship has not; artisans regularly remain subjects of ethnographic analysis rather than educators or sources of epistemological and aesthetic inspiration for ethnographers. As students of material culture and aesthetic practices, we argue that ethnography has a lot to learn from artisans and advance a vision for an artisan-inspired ethnography. In particular, we ask, “what would an artisanal ethnography be like?” “What can we learn from artisans as ethnographic educators?” “How would the artisanship-inspired ethnographer work?” “What would be his or her styles, tools, goals, and guiding principles?” Through a methodological reflection on the production of our film A Time for Making, we engage with these questions.
Secondary glaucoma and visual axis opacification in aphakic and pseudophakic patients following congenital cataract surgery: A 28-year longitudinal case series
Authors: Murphy Melissa , Murtagh Patrick , McAnena Lisa , Eldouri Azher , Kirwan Caitriona , O’Keefe Michael
Published: July 2019

Purpose:

To determine the incidence, timing and risk factors for glaucoma and visual axis opacification development following surgery for congenital cataract in the first year of life.

Methods:

A prospective case series of all cataract surgery performed in Temple Street Children’s University Hospital over a 28-year period was conducted. A total of 93 subjects (135 eyes) were analysed. Sixty-two eyes had a primary intraocular lens inserted at the time of surgery; 73 eyes were aphakic. We recorded patient demographics, age at surgery, length of follow-up, rates and time to diagnosis of glaucoma and rates of visual axis opacification. Relative risk analysis was performed to identify potential risk factors for secondary glaucoma and visual axis opacification.

Results:

Mean length of follow-up was 160.02 ± 64.42 months (13.3 years), range 40–336 months. Final mean LogMAR across all groups was 0.85 ± 0.51 (0.90). Overall 45 (33.33%) eyes developed secondary glaucoma, 12 (19.4%) in pseudophakic eyes and 33 (45.21%) in aphakic eyes. The incidence of glaucoma was highest in bilateral aphakia (relative risk 1.96, p = 0.0240) and in eyes with corneal diameter <9.5 mm (relative risk 1.93, p = 0.0364). There was no significant difference in glaucoma rates between pseudophakia and aphakia in those operated on less than 2.5 months of age. Secondary glaucoma occurred between 3 months to 16.5 years post surgery. Rates of visual axis opacification were lower in aphakia compared to pseudophakia (relative risk 0.59, p = 0.0098).

Conclusion:

Overall glaucoma rates of one-third are similar to those recorded in the infantile aphakic treatment study. It can occur up to 17 years post cataract surgery, evidence that long-term follow-up is imperative.
Optical coherence tomography angiography in contractile morning glory syndrome
Authors: Cennamo Gilda , Montorio Daniela , Breve Maria Angelica , Morra Vincenzo Brescia , Cennamo Giovanni
Published: July 2019

This study describes the optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography features of three eyes of three patients affected by contractile morning glory syndrome. Optical coherence tomography angiography scans of the peripapillary retina revealed a dense microvascular network without any vascular difference between the superficial vascular plexus and the deep vascular plexus around the optic nerve. These optical coherence tomography angiography findings confirm that the contractile movement could be due to the presence of an autonomic cholinergic muscular mechanism in the posterior part of the globe. In fact in our cases, the contractile movement seemed to be induced by massage of the eyeball. Optical coherence tomography angiography is a valid, non-invasive, dyeless, and reliable method that could shed light on the pathogenesis of this rare disease of the optic disk.
‘Essex girls’ in the comedy club: Stand-up, ridicule and ‘value struggles’
Authors: Carter Adam
Published: July 2019

This article presents findings from a qualitative study carried out on how audiences of stand-up comedy are entangled in ‘value struggles’. It focuses on a group who through classed and gendered ridicule are often drawn as valueless – women from Essex or ‘Essex girls’. The article explores how a group of women from Essex negotiate their value in the face of Essex girl–based ridicule, experienced while part of a live comedy audience in a London comedy club. The analysis reveals an ambivalence in how the group utilise and view their ‘Essex girl’ status, which challenges the view that this is a valueless identification. They oscillate between the joy of revelling in the Essex girl role and disidentification from the shame of this disreputable status. It concludes by highlighting how ridicule does not necessarily perform a disciplinary function and considers if the joy of ‘being Essex’ has any hope of escaping into everyday life.
Productivity losses associated with premature mortality due to cancer in Russia: A population-wide study covering 2001–2030
Authors: Barchuk Anton , Bespalov Alexander , Huhtala Heini , Chimed Tuvshinjargal , Belyaev Alexey , Moore Malcolm , Anttila Ahti , Auvinen Anssi , Pearce Alison , Soerjomataram Isabelle
Published: July 2019

Aims: Productivity losses related to premature cancer mortality have been assessed for most developed countries but results for Russia are limited to cross-sectional reports. The aim of this study was to quantify productivity costs due to cancer mortality in Russia between 2001 and 2015 and project this to 2030. Methods: Cancer mortality data (2001–2015) were acquired from the State Cancer Registry, whereas population data, labour force participation rates and annual earnings were retrieved from the Federal State Statistics Service. Cancer mortality was projected to 2030 and the human capital approach was applied to estimate productivity losses. Results: The total annual losses increased from US6.5b in 2001–2005 to US$8.1b in 2011–2015, corresponding to 0.24% of the annual gross domestic product. The value is expected to remain high in 2030 (US$7.5b, 0.14% of gross domestic product). Productivity losses per cancer death are predicted to grow faster in women (from US$18,622 to US$22,386) than in men (from US$25,064 to US$28,459). Total losses were found to be highest for breast cancer in women (US$0.6b, 20% of overall losses in women) and lung cancer in men (US$1.2b, 24%). The absolute predicted change of annual losses between 2011–2015 and 2026–2030 was greatest for cervix uteri (+US$214m) in women and for lip, oral and pharyngeal cancers in men (+US$182m). Conclusions: In Russia, productivity losses due to premature cancer mortality are substantial. Given the expected importance especially for potentially preventable cancers, steps to implement effective evidence-based national cancer control policies are urgently required.
Investigation on the transient response of a speed-varying rotor with sudden unbalance and its application in the unbalance identification
Authors: Xia Yebao , Ren Xingmin , Qin Weiyang , Yang Yongfeng , Lu Kuan , Fu Chao
Published: July 2019

It is well known that the sudden unbalance is harmful for rotor systems, since it is in huge amount and has a strong impact. Thus, it is difficult to identify the unbalance from the sudden unbalance response of rotor and very few studies have been done on this topic. This paper focuses on the transient response characteristics of the speed-varying rotor when the sudden unbalance occurs, and the inherent correlation between the unbalance and the transient characteristic quantity. First, different time-dependent functions modelling the loading process of sudden unbalance are derived and compared with the experiment results of the test rotor. The selection principles of function type and duration value are presented. Analyses of transient response characteristics are conducted over the run-up process of the rotor with different parameters of sudden unbalance. Variations of transient response characteristics are summarized into three forms. The varying laws and interrelations of characteristic quantities, and the corresponding parameter region of sudden unbalance are illustrated for each form. Based on the transient analysis results, the momentary positions and angular variations of the rotor disc at some key time instants are illustrated via introducing the key-phase signal. A novel transient-vibration-based method for unbalance identification is proposed. Only a single run-up measurement is required. Numerical experiments verify the effectiveness of the method. In summary, the proposed method can provide a new way for the unbalance identification using the transient response.
Downregulated Long Noncoding RNA PART1 Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Hu Xin , Feng Hefei , Huang Huaxing , Gu Wei , Fang Qiuyu , Xie Yi , Qin Chao , Hu Xiaowen
Published: July 2019

Objective:

In this study, we aimed to clarify the effects of long noncoding ribonucleic acid prostrate androgen-regulated transcript-1 on bladder cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis.

Methods:

Microarrays were implemented to investigate the long noncoding ribonucleic acid expression profiles in bladder cancer tissue (N = 9) and in noncancer bladder tissue (N = 5). Relative prostrate androgen-regulated transcript-1 expression levels in tissue samples or cell lines were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Prostrate androgen-regulated transcript-1 expression was enhanced by the transfection of pcDNA3.1-prostrate androgen-regulated transcript-1 and downregulated by the infection with pcMV-sh prostrate androgen-regulated transcript-1. Additionally, cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by the cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Cell invasion was determined by a Transwell assay.

Results:

Prostrate androgen-regulated transcript-1 expression was upregulated in bladder cancer tissues compared to adjacent nontumor tissues. Furthermore, prostrate androgen-regulated transcript-1 levels were successfully upregulated by pcDNA3.1-prostrate androgen-regulated transcript-1 and depleted by pCMV-sh prostrate androgen-regulated transcript-1 in bladder cancer cell lines (5637, T24). Enhanced prostrate androgen-regulated transcript-1 expression promoted cell proliferation and invasion and inhibited cell apoptosis. However, knockdown of prostrate androgen-regulated transcript-1 expression inhibited cell proliferation and invasion and induced cell apoptosis.

Conclusion:

In summary, these data suggest that the knockdown of prostrate androgen-regulated transcript-1 represents a tumor suppressor player in bladder cancer and contributes to the inhibition of tumor proliferation, the promotion of cell apoptosis, and the suppression of cell invasion. Prostrate androgen-regulated transcript-1 may function as a new prognostic biomarker and as a feasible therapeutic target for patients with bladder cancer.
Patient-Oriented Research and Grounded Theory: A Case Study of How an Old Method Can Inform Cutting-Edge Research
Authors: Smith-MacDonald Lorraine , Reay Gudrun , Raffin-Bouchal Shelley , Sinclair Shane
Published: July 2019

Creating evidence that is both scientifically rigorous and patient oriented in addressing patients’ needs is essential to informing health-care professionals’ practice and meeting patient needs. Patient-oriented research (POR) aims to address this 2-fold mandate by engaging and incorporating patients’ voices throughout the research process through a variety of techniques. Currently, there is little methodological rigor or guidance to help qualitative patient-oriented researchers design, collect, and analyze patient data. Classical grounded theory (GT) is arguably one of the most rigorous qualitative research methods, focusing on the development of theory from data grounded in participants’ voices. As such, classical GT is an ideal methodological approach for conducting POR due to its rigor, patient-oriented focus, and generation of an empirical model focused on the topic of interest. The purpose of this article is to describe the convergence and divergence between classical GT and POR, based on the current literature and pragmatically through an ongoing classical GT study focused on combat veterans’ perspective on Operational Stress Injuries (OSIs). By describing the methodological principles and their implementation in a POR study, we provide readers with both substantive and practical knowledge to utilize classical GT in POR studies, particularly within study populations that may be averse to or experience challenges in participating in research. Classical GT therefore provides patient-oriented researchers with a pragmatic methodological framework for engaging patients and generating rigorous evidence.
Underactuated robotics: A review
Authors: He Bin , Wang Shuai , Liu Yongjia
Published: July 2019

Underactuated robotics is an emerging research direction in the field of robotics. The control input of the underactuated robot is less than the degree of freedom of the system. It has the advantages of lightweight, low energy consumption, excellent performance, and broad development prospects. This article reviews the state of the art on underactuated robotics. On the basis of previous studies, this article takes the non-holonomic constraint equation as the entry point to classify and summarize underactuated robot and their common mechanisms. The controllability of underactuated robot is further discussed. The control flow of underactuated robot is described based on the open–closed control method. In the closed-loop control, the control method based on the fuzzy system is mainly used. Finally, the difficulties in the current research of underactuated robot are summarized, and the future research directions are prospected.