bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An explicit peridynamics model for hydraulic fracturing in porous media
Authors: Sun Yanan , Zhang Guoyin , Edwards Michael G. , Li Chenfeng
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to systematically investigate the hydraulic fracture branching phenomena in porous media under different loading conditions and the stepwise phenomenon. The effect of the pore pressure in hydraulic fracturing branching is studied, and more evidence for the stepwise phenomenon with the peridynamics approach is provided.

Design/methodology/approach

A fully coupled fluid-filled explicit peridynamics model is developed to simulate the complex evolution of crack branching and stepwise phenomena in saturated porous media. Based on the peridynamics theory, an explicit time integration scheme is used to solve the coupled equation system including rock deformation, fluid flow and fracture propagation. Using the proposed model, a series of peridynamic computational tests are performed to examine two common kinds of phenomena observed in hydraulic fracturing: the crack branching phenomenon and the stepwise phenomenon.

Findings

For crack branching phenomenon, the results obtained indicate that sufficient loading is required in order to initiate the crack branching process. Compared with the stress applied on crack surfaces condition, crack branching is more easily induced with the stress applied on boundaries. In addition, for the fluid-driven crack (stress applied on crack surfaces), the existence of pore pressure will depress the growth and branching of the crack. For stepwise phenomena, the results obtained indicate that the peridynamics is a promising tool to study the stepwise phenomenon. The stepwise phenomenon is more distinct under mechanical loading conditions due to the solid behaviour. A sudden jump or crack extension will happen when enough energy is accumulated in the hydraulic fracturing system.

Research limitations/implications

In this study, the explicit method is used, which means it is conditionally stable, and the critical time step needs to be decided. The reason to use the explicit method is for the study purpose; the explicit method is faster and has no need for matrix inversions.

Originality/value

This study helps to understand the effect of the pore pressure in hydraulic fracturing branching and provides more evidence for the stepwise phenomenon with peridynamics.
Higher education management in developing countries: a bibliometric review
Authors: Olaleye Sunday Adewale , Gbadegeshin Saheed A. , Balogun Oluwafemi Samson , Agbo Friday Joseph , Mogaji Emmanuel
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate scholarly works on higher education management from emerging economies. It investigates how higher education management has evolved in emerging economies.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is quantitative, and the authors retrieved the metadata from the Web of Science, an extensive pool of interdisciplinary peer-reviewed literary databases for bibliometric analysis.

Findings

The results show the strengths, weaknesses and prospects of higher education institutions (HEIs) in developing countries based on the scholarly output in various journals.

Research limitations/implications

Though the study contributed to the knowledge and expansion of literature in HEIs research, it was only limited to the Web of Science database.

Practical implications

Policymakers and practitioners who want to improve the efficiency and viability of HEIs in developing countries can find a helpful guide in the form of a framework for higher education management in developing countries.

Social implications

It is important to note that the bibliometric impact of higher education management in developing countries might vary depending on various factors, including the quality and relevance of the research, the level of funding and resources available for research and the level of international collaboration, among others.

Originality/value

This study provides a comprehensive overview of the research landscape in higher education management in developing countries by identifying the most influential authors, institutions and countries and the key research topics and trends. This information can be helpful for researchers, policymakers and practitioners who seek to understand the state of research in the field and identify gaps in knowledge.
How emerging-market brands can overcome a weak country image
Authors: Raji Mustafa , Magnusson Peter , Martirosyan Yuri
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the relative effectiveness of different strategies that emerging-market brands can use to mitigate a weak country image.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employs discrete choice conjoint analysis to evaluate the relative effectiveness of store image, warranty duration, third-party certification and corporate engagement on US consumers’ perceptions of products from China and Cambodia. China, representing an advanced emerging market, and Cambodia, representing a less advanced market, were selected to provide a diverse context for comparison. The study examines electric scooters (relatively more hedonic) and refrigerators (relatively more utilitarian) to test the robustness of the findings across different product categories.

Findings

The study demonstrates that retail store image is the most influential factor in mitigating negative COO effects. An extensive warranty emerges as the second most effective mitigation strategy, followed closely by third-party certification. In contrast, corporate social engagement is found to be the least effective strategy across all studies. The study further explores moderating influences on these preferences. The findings are largely robust, with only minimal effects of age, gender, product home country and product type on the relative effectiveness of the identified mitigation strategies.

Practical implications

The findings offer valuable insights for managers of emerging-market brands, suggesting a prioritization of marketing efforts.

Originality/value

The study enhances the theoretical understanding of COO effects, presenting a nuanced view of how various strategies can be deployed to mitigate negative perceptions of brands associated with emerging markets.
Deep learning application for marketing engagement – its thematic evolution
Authors: Yu Billy T.W. , Liu Stella T.X.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This analysis examines the evolving role of deep learning in engagement marketing research. It tries to address a critical knowledge gap despite the rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in this field.

Design/methodology/approach

Using bibliometric techniques, this study analyzes Scopus data to investigate the evolution of engagement marketing research influenced by technology. Overlapping maps, evolution maps and strategic diagrams reveal key trends and intellectual structures within this dynamic field.

Findings

Our analysis reveals key trends in deep learning applications, like focuses on language-interaction, interactivity-privacy and human-focus satisfaction. While results show the contribution in foundational works like linguistics, algorithms and interactive marketing, they also raise concerns about the algorithmic bias, privacy violations and etc.

Research limitations/implications

While Scopus data offers valuable insights, our analysis acknowledges its limitations on publication language. Future research should treasure foundational works and historical context for comprehensive understandings. Additionally, addressing emerging challenges such as negative customer experiences and fairness is crucial for future studies.

Originality/value

This review provides a comprehensive perspective on deep learning applications on engagement marketing research in the context of interactive marketing. We present trends and thematic structures with practical implications for scholars and practitioners. It presents a fuller intellectual landscape and suggests that future research directions shall prioritize a human-centered approach to AI implementation, ultimately fostering genuine customer connections.
Publication stress amongst scholars and faculties: a concern of mental health
Authors: S. Raksithaa
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of the seemingly entrenched culture of “publish or perish” on academics’ and lecturers’ mental health in academia. From an autoethnographic perspective, personal experiences of stress, anxiety and burnout are articulated and considered in terms of broader system issues within academia.

Design/methodology/approach

Using personal reflections on publication pressure and combining that with the broader existing literature on mental health in academia, this paper, like the ones mentioned above, has been written with autoethnography as the research mode. Autoethnography is a research method that allows for profoundly exploring personal experiences but frames them in a broader academic context, thereby allowing for a qualitative analysis of academics’ mental health challenges.

Findings

The pressure to publish in high-impact journals puts a person under a level of mental health stress that includes feeling anxious, feeling like an impostor and suffering from burnout. Therefore, this very unfitting competitive environment requires institutional support and strategies to mitigate the stress associated with publication.

Originality/value

This paper offers an autoethnographic view of the mental health difficulties in academia, providing a firsthand account of the emotional toll of academic publishing. This paper fleshes out the burgeoning discourse surrounding mental health within higher education by connecting personal experiences with systemic issues, pointing to changes in culture and structure.
Optimizing mechanical and electrochemical behavior of aliphatic amine cured epoxy coatings via micaceous iron oxide and nanocrystalline aluminum
Authors: Seikh Asiful H. , Abdo Hany S. , Mohammed Jabair A. , Abdus Samad Ubair , Alam Mohammed Asif , Alzahrani Saeed , Sherif El-Sayed M.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aims to develop and evaluate epoxy coatings enhanced with micaceous iron oxide (MIO) and nanocrystalline aluminum (Al) particles, focusing on improving mechanical and corrosion-resistance properties for extended durability.

Design/methodology/approach

Three epoxy coatings were fabricated by incorporating 1, 2 and 3 wt% MIO with a fixed 2 wt% of ball-milled Al particles. The coatings were thoroughly characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, hardness and scratch resistance tests, nanoindentation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The EIS measurements in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution were performed over various immersion periods (1 h, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days) to study the coatings’ corrosion behavior.

Findings

The coating with 2 wt% MIO exhibited superior corrosion resistance across all immersion periods, outperforming the other formulations. Although corrosion resistance initially declined after seven days of immersion, it improved significantly after extended exposure (14–30 days) due to the formation of protective oxide layers on the coating surface. The combination of MIO and nanocrystalline Al also enhanced the mechanical properties of the epoxy coatings, delivering improved hardness, scratch resistance and overall stability.

Originality/value

This study highlights the synergistic effect of MIO and nanocrystalline Al particles in epoxy coatings, demonstrating their potential to enhance both mechanical performance and long-term corrosion resistance. The research offers valuable insights into the formulation of advanced epoxy coatings for applications requiring durability under harsh conditions.
OpenBIM-based simulation of building operational carbon under different information availability
Authors: Lu Kun , Deng Xueyuan , Zhai Xiaoqiang
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The operational carbon simulation in the building design stage is significant to life cycle carbon emissions. However, this process is challenging to reuse multi-source building information modeling (BIM) under different information availability. Thus, this study suggests an OpenBIM-based method for operational carbon simulation to integrate heterogeneous BIM models with different data accuracy, which can be applied across various stages of building design.

Design/methodology/approach

This study suggests a three-step method for operational carbon simulation using industry foundation classes (IFC). This method uses IfcSpace as the fundamental unit for limited data while using IfcDistributionElement for abundant data. Additionally, a case study proves the method's accuracy and efficiency by comparing it with existing tools.

Findings

Although the information availability is different, the simulation results of operational carbon are similar between schematic design and construction document design, with 1816.4 tCO2e/year and 1962.4 tCO2e/year, respectively. Furthermore, the case study shows a 16.9% carbon reduction through scheme optimization.

Originality/value

This study offers an approach that can directly utilize the multi-source heterogeneous BIM models to save time and reduce labor consumption. Using the space and the element as calculation units extends the simulation theory for evolving information accessibility across design stages.
Tourism research methodology: confessions of an inductive researcher
Authors: McKercher Bob
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This paper proposes that much innovation in tourism research can come from freeing ourselves from traditional deductive methodological dogma and instead adopting the less popular inductive research approach that focusses on asking and answering questions without forcing the data to fit into an arbitrary and artificial framework. The paper aims to argue that letting the information gathered tell a story and then seeking a framework in an a posteriori model is the key to gaining new insights into what tourism is and how it works, all the while maintaining a high degree of rigor. While such an approach may be an anathema to purist deductive methodologists, it provides a great deal of flexibility to play with ideas.

Design/methodology/approach

A conceptual paper explaining the benefits of an inductive research approach adopted by a senior tourism academic.

Findings

Inductive researchers adopt a pragmatic approach to tourism scholarship by playing with ideas, rather than being constrained artificially by constructs, frameworks and models. This approach provides great scope to challenge tourism orthodoxy and gain innovative insights into our field.

Research limitations/implications

This approach requires a great deal of rigor and does not infer a haphazard research approach.

Practical implications

Adopting an inductive approach can free scholars to explore ideas and, in doing so, gain new insights that will drive our field forward.

Social implications

This is a freeing approach to tourism.

Originality/value

This issue has yet to be discussed formally in our literature, yet most academics participate in this type of research from time to time.
The impact of childcare on maternal employment
Authors: Kohara Miki , Nakayama Mao
Published: December 2024

This paper re‐examines the impact of childcare availability on maternal employment in Japan, focusing on the period when childcare centre availability increased dramatically due to government policies in the 2010s aimed at boosting women's labour participation. We use data tracking mothers' employment status after childbirth, merging administrative data on the availability of both standard and nonstandard childcare centres. This is linked to each respondent via location identifiers based on their residential city and the nearest train station. The findings first show that an increase in unlicensed/nonstandard daycare availability significantly raised the proportion of mothers who return to work by the time the child reaches the age of three, particularly in areas with limited access to licensed/standard centres. Secondly, the effects may vary depending on the services offered by the centres. The results suggest that nonstandard centres, often more conveniently located and offering varied services, better meet the needs of working mothers, leading to higher employment rates. This research emphasizes that government efforts to expand childcare options in the 2010s may play a crucial role in promoting maternal labour‐force participation in Japan.
PopCluster: A Population Genetics Model‐Based Toolset for Simulating, Inferring and Visualising Individual Admixture and Population Structure
Authors: Wang Jinliang
Published: December 2024

In this computer note I introduce software, PopCluster, that implements a new likelihood method for unsupervised population structure analysis from marker data. To infer a coarse population structure, it assumes the mixture model and adopts a simulated annealing algorithm to make a maximum likelihood clustering analysis, partitioning the sampled individuals into a predefined number of clusters. To deduce a fine population structure, it further assumes the admixture model and employs an expectation maximisation algorithm to estimate individual admixture proportions. PopCluster has many features. First, it is one of just a couple of model‐based methods that can handle both biallelic and multiallelic markers in the same framework. Second, it is the first population structure analysis method that uses both Message Passing Interface (MPI) and openMP to exploit multiple CPUs with both shared and distributed memories and has the capacity to handle genomic data with millions of individuals and millions of loci. Third, the algorithms for both mixture and admixture analyses are fast, rendering PopCluster favourably in computational efficiency over previous methods in analysing genomic data. Fourth, PopCluster is built for Windows, Linux and Mac platforms, and its Windows version has an integrated GUI that can conveniently visualise analysis results and facilitate data input. Fifth, its Windows version has a built‐in simulation module designed to simulate genotype data under admixture, hybridization or migration models. PopCluster provides a valuable toolset for researchers to simulate, infer and visualise individual admixture and population genetic structure, hybridization and migration using marker data.
RapidBenthos: Automated segmentation and multi‐view classification of coral reef communities from photogrammetric reconstruction
Authors: Remmers Tiny , Boutros Nader , Wyatt Mathew , Gordon Sophie , Toor Maren , Roelfsema Chris , Fabricius Katharina , Grech Alana , Lechene Marine , Ferrari Renata
Published: December 2024

Underwater photogrammetry is routinely used to monitor large areas of complex and heterogeneous ecosystems, such as coral reefs. However, deriving data on benthic components (i.e. sand, rubble, coral and algae) from photogrammetry products has remained challenging due to the highly time‐consuming process of manual data extraction.

We developed a machine learning approach to quantify benthic community composition in coral reefs from orthomosaics, which requires no manual delineation of benthic components for training or implementation. The current study presents RapidBenthos, an automated workflow that segments and classifies large‐area images. Our pipeline (1) uses a pre‐trained segmentation model, eliminating the need for manually generated fine‐scale segmented training data, and (2) classifies the resulting segments from multiple views using the underlying survey images, allowing for classification to fine taxonomic levels.

Within a test photomosaic built from a coral reef area of 40 m−2, the model automatically detected 43 different benthic classes. Validation resulted in an overall classification accuracy of 0.96 and a segmentation accuracy of 0.87, when compared to a manually digitised replica. The RapidBenthos workflow was 195 times faster than manual segmentation and classification. Additional validation of 524 Acropora coral colonies from 11 additional test plots resulted in a segmentation accuracy of 0.92 and classification accuracy of 0.88 to the coarser ‘Acropora’ group.

RapidBenthos has the capability to extract an unprecedented level of data from photomosaics of coral reefs or other complex environments, allowing to sustainably scale photogrammetric monitoring technique both in replicate and survey extent, which consequently can lead to new research questions and more informed ecosystem management.
A Tale of Two Conditions: Pediatric Brugada Syndrome Unveiled—Navigating the Challenges of Coexisting Arrhythmia and Fever‐Induced ECG Pattern
Authors: Leung Hei‐To , Kwok Sit‐Yee , Shih Fong‐Ying , Lun Kin‐Shing , Yung Tak‐Cheung , Tsao Sabrina
Published: December 2024

Background

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited channelopathy characterized by right precordial ST‐segment elevation. This study investigates the clinical and genetic characteristics of children with BrS in Hong Kong.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted at the only tertiary pediatric cardiology center in Hong Kong from 2002 to 2022, including all pediatric BrS patients under 18 years old. The diagnosis of BrS was established with a type 1 ECG pattern detected spontaneously or induced by flecainide, excluding secondary causes.

Results

Eight probands of mean age 10 years old were identified. Male dominance was observed (6 boys vs. 2 girls). The mean follow‐up duration was 4.6 years (Median 3.5 years). Patients had type 1 ECG pattern either spontaneously (n = 4) or provoked by flecainide (n = 4). Fever was present in seven patients at the initial presentation, and two patients experienced aborted cardiac arrest and one had symptomatic ventricular tachycardia. All symptomatic patients received implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator placement. Five asymptomatic patients (62.5%) were diagnosed with BrS through ECG during febrile illness, and they remained asymptomatic following conservative management involving strict fever control and medication avoidance. Two patients with mixed phenotype (one with long QT syndrome and another with ectopic atrial tachycardia) required antiarrhythmics and one patient received transcatheter ablation for atrial tachycardia to achieve optimal arrhythmia control.

Conclusion

Fever plays a significant role in unmasking BrS in children. Asymptomatic children with BrS managed conservatively have a favorable prognosis. Difficult arrhythmia control was found in patients with mixed phenotype.
TYTOCARE™ home telemonitoring device after radical cystectomy to optimise postoperative outcomes
Authors: Amparore Daniele , De Cillis Sabrina , Colombo Marco , Garzena Valentina , Sica Michele , Checcucci Enrico , Piana Alberto , Piramide Federico , Quarà Alberto , Manfredi Matteo , Fiori Cristian , Porpiglia Francesco
Published: December 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the role of the TYTOCARE™ telemedicine programme for home telemonitoring during the early postoperative period following radical cystectomy (RC) in a prospective single‐centre study.

Materials and Methods

The study included patients aged <80 years with internet access who underwent RC at our institution between March 2021 and August 2023. Upon discharge, patients were monitored at home using the TYTOCARE™ telemedicine system. Daily, patients completed a symptom questionnaire and recorded heart rate, body temperature, intestinal sounds, and urine output, and wound/ostomy evaluations via photos. Weekly televisits via the TYTOCARETM platform and app were scheduled, with additional controls as needed. After 30 days, patients assessed their satisfaction using a visual analogue scale (VAS; 0–100) and a Telemedicine Satisfaction Questionnaire (TSQ; 1–5) and any technical issues were documented. A control group of patients, who underwent RC in the same study period but who did not take part in a postoperative telemonitoring programme, was chosen for comparison, with analysis of demographics, peri‐operative data, postoperative complications and hospital readmissions within 30 days after discharge.

Results

A total of 16 patients were included in the TYTOCARETM group, and 88 in the control group. The mean VAS satisfaction scores were 86.4 (patients) and 92.3 (healthcare providers). The mean TSQ score was 4.3, indicating high satisfaction. All TYTOCARETM patients reported they would use and recommend the device. Two patients encountered minor technical issues, which were easily resolved. The TYTOCARETM group had a shorter hospital stay (11 vs 14 days; P = 0.04) and fewer medical complications ( 2/16 vs 21/88; P = 0.02). No TYTOCARETM patients were readmitted within 30 days, compared to 20.4% in the control group.

Conclusion

The TYTOCARETM telemonitoring programme seems to be feasible and highly adhered to by patients and caregivers, with reductions in length of hospital stay, medical complications and hospital readmissions within the first 30 days post‐discharge.
Can specific dietary patterns and lifestyle habits influence the progression of intracranial aneurysm lesions?
Authors: Kumar Vivig Shantha , Resheek Nerella , Kumar Vignarth Shantha , Kumar Ruthvik Thaghalli Sunil
Published: December 2024

The progression of intracranial aneurysm lesions involves complex mechanisms influenced by various factors, including inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate interplay between specific dietary patterns and the progression of intracranial aneurysm lesions. Understanding the impact of these dietary factors on inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction offers valuable insights into noninvasive strategies for managing intracranial aneurysm progression, addressing a critical gap in current therapeutic approaches.
Mitonuclear Communication in Stem Cell Function
Authors: Peng Baozhou , Wang Yaning , Zhang Hongbo
Published: December 2024

Mitochondria perform multiple functions within the cell, including the production of ATP and a great deal of metabolic intermediates, while also contributing to the cellular stress response. The majority of mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genomes, highlighting the importance of mitonuclear communication for sustaining mitochondrial homeostasis and functional. As a crucial part of the intracellular signalling network, mitochondria can impact stem cell fate determinations. Considering the essential function of stem cells in tissue maintenance, regeneration and aging, it is important to understand how mitochondria influence stem cell fate. This review explores the significant roles of mitonuclear communication and mitochondrial proteostasis, highlighting their influence on stem cells. We also examine how mitonuclear interactions contribute to cellular homeostasis, stem cell therapies, and the potential for extending lifespan.
Efficacy of imeglimin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease: A multicentre study
Authors: Fukunaga Kensaku , Morishita Asahiro , Imachi Hitomi , Oura Kyoko , Sato Seisuke , Kobayashi Toshihiro , Saheki Takanobu , Yoshimura Takafumi , Komori Kurumi , Nakahara Mai , Tadokoro Tomoko , Fujita Koji , Tani Joji , Kobara Hideki , Murao Koji
Published: December 2024

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of imeglimin in improving liver function and fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) complicated by metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Materials and Methods

We conducted a multicentre study involving 80 patients with T2D and MASLD who were treated with or without imeglimin for 24 weeks. We assessed the changes in diabetes‐related parameters, including HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, glycoalbumin and C‐peptide index. Liver function was monitored using AST, ALT, γ‐GTP and liver fibrosis indicators such as Fib‐4 index and FibroScan‐AST (FAST) score. Liver fat content and stiffness were measured using controlled attenuation parameter and vibration‐controlled transient elastography, which were measured using FibroScan.

Results

Compared with the control group, imeglimin treatment led to a significant reduction in HbA1c levels, fasting blood glucose and liver‐related parameters, including AST, ALT and γ‐GTP. Additionally, the Fib‐4 index and FAST score, which reflect liver fibrosis and inflammation, were significantly lower in the imeglimin group. Liver fat content and stiffness remained unchanged during the study period.

Conclusions

Imeglimin efficaciously improved liver inflammation and fibrosis in patients with T2D and MASLD, with no significant changes in liver fat content or stiffness. These findings suggest that imeglimin is a promising therapeutic drug for the management of MASLD in the context of T2D, warranting further research on its long‐term efficacy and mechanisms of action.
The Influence of Higher Vocational College Teachers' Course Management and Students' Metacognition on Students' Sustainable Consciousness
Authors: Pan Ling , Chang Yuan‐Cheng
Published: December 2024

Due to the rapid changes occurring in the social and ecological environment, students' sustainable consciousness has become an important issue. This study explored the impact of higher vocational college teachers' course management and students' metacognition on sustainable consciousness by taking higher vocational college students in Hainan, China, as the research participants. Four hundred and eighty‐four higher vocational college students were surveyed, and the research model was tested using structural equation modelling. The results showed that teachers' course management can enhance students' metacognition, and this improvement in metacognition can also contribute to the development of sustainable consciousness; thus, teachers' course management can help students improve their sustainable consciousness by improving their metacognition. Therefore, teachers' course management is essential to developing students' metacognition and sustainable consciousness. The research results also found that students' metacognition significantly impacts sustainability awareness, so attention must be paid to cultivating students' metacognition.
Mediators of epilepsy risk after traumatic brain injury: A 20‐year U.S. veteran cohort study
Authors: Vadlamani Shashank , Ozmen Mustafa , Gugger James J. , Cheney Amanda , Amuan Megan , Diaz‐Arrastia Ramon , Pugh Mary Jo , Kennedy Eamonn
Published: December 2024

Objective

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant risk factor for epilepsy, but little work has explored whether risk of epilepsy after TBI may operate through intermediary mechanisms. The objective of this study was to statistically screen for potentially mediating effects among 64 comorbidities for epilepsy risk following TBI among Post‐9/11 U.S. veterans.

Methods

This longitudinal matched cohort study used an established algorithm to identify veterans in Department of Defense (DoD) and Veterans Health Administration (VHA) records with a history of the primary exposure, TBI, between 2003 and 2023, who were demographically matched 1:1 with veterans without history of TBI exposure from the same cohort. In the observation time window after index date, mediation models estimated the proportion eliminated of the total TBI–epilepsy relationship by other factors. Cox proportional hazard models were implemented for 64 comorbidities determined using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth/Tenth Revision (ICD‐9/10) codes, each individually tested for the potential mediation of epilepsy onset after date of first TBI (index date), adjusting for demographic and military covariates. Age‐stratified mediation analyses were conducted. Biologically plausible mechanisms were investigated.

Results

Among N = 292 200 veterans in the TBI and matched groups, 8458 (2.9%) had an epilepsy diagnosis that met study criteria between 2003 and 2023. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR, 95% CI) for epilepsy given TBI was 6.76 [6.33–7.21]. The median duration between TBI documentation and epilepsy diagnosis was 3.3 years. In the observation time after index date (median duration: 12.2 years), Cox proportional hazard models identified the primary meditators of epilepsy risk after TBI as post‐concussive symptoms (10.3%), cognitive dysfunction (7.0%), suicidal ideation/attempt (5.1%), overdose and drug abuse (3.8%–4.8%), and stroke (3.8%).

Significance

This study identified neurological conditions and symptoms that may play an intermediary role in the TBI–epilepsy relationship. Specific changes in health status after TBI may present useful targets for future trials and experimental approaches of PTE prevention.
Evolution in Response to Management Increases Invasiveness Among Experimental Populations of Duckweed (Lemna minor)
Authors: Zallek Taylor A. , Turcotte Martin M.
Published: December 2024

Numerous management methods are deployed to try to mitigate the destructive impact of weedy and invasive populations. Yet, such management practices may cause these populations to inadvertently evolve in ways that have consequence on their invasiveness. To test this idea, we conducted a two‐step field mesocosm experiment; we evolved genetically diverse populations of the duckweed Lemna minor to targeted removal management and then tested the impact of that evolution in replicated invasions into experimental resident communities. We found that evolution in response to management increased invasiveness compared to populations evolved without management. This evolution in response to management had little effect on the impact of the invader on the resident species. These results illustrate the potential eco‐evolutionary consequences of management practices. Mitigating evolution to physical removal, in addition to pesticides, may be important to the long‐term success of integrated pest management.
Evidence for Significant Skew and Low Heritability of Competitive Male Mating Success in the Yellow Fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti
Authors: Wyer Claudia A. S. , Trajanovikj Vladimir , Hollis Brian , Ponlawat Alongkot , Cator Lauren J.
Published: December 2024

Aedes aegpyti mosquitoes are vectors of several viruses of major public health importance, and many new control strategies target mating behaviour. Mating in this species occurs in swarms characterised by male scramble competition and female choice. These mating swarms have a male‐biased operational sex ratio, which is expected to generate intense competition among males for mating opportunities. However, it is not known what proportion of swarming males successfully mate with females, how many females each male is able to mate with, and to what extent any variation in the male mating success phenotype can be explained by genetic variation. Here, we describe a novel assay to quantify individual male mating success in the presence of operational sex ratios characteristic of Ae. aegypti. Our results demonstrate that male mating success is skewed. Most males do not mate despite multiple opportunities, and very few males mate with multiple females. We compared measures of male mating success between fathers and sons and between full siblings to estimate the heritability of the trait in the narrow and broad sense, respectively. We found significant broad sense heritability estimates but little evidence for additive genetic effects, suggesting a role for dominance or epistatic effects and/or larval rearing environment in male mating success. These findings enhance our understanding of sexual selection in this species and have important implications for mass‐release programmes that rely on the release of competitive males.
Freshwater Macroinvertebrates Drive Planktonic Bacterial Community Composition and Activity in Microcosms
Authors: Vaughn Stephanie N. , Jackson Colin R.
Published: December 2024

Nutrient cycling and organic matter transformations in aquatic systems are primarily performed by microorganisms but are further facilitated through the mixing of sediment by macroinvertebrates. Despite known impacts of macroinvertebrates on the biogeochemistry and microbial community of sediments, the impact of macroinvertebrates and their microbiome on the water column of freshwater systems has been understudied.

A microcosm approach was used to study the short‐term effects that freshwater bivalves, Corbicula fluminea, and crayfish, Procambarus vioscai paynei, have on the microbial community in the surrounding water column. The activity of microbial enzymes involved in the breakdown of organic carbon (β‐glucosidase), phosphate (phosphatase), and carbon and nitrogen (N‐acetylglucosaminidase) were assayed, and the bacterial community in the water column and other system components was characterised using Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Crayfish and bivalves both significantly altered the structure and function of the bacterial community in the water column. Crayfish stimulated microbial enzyme activity to a greater extent than bivalves, whereas bivalves at higher densities increased water column enzyme activity more than when they were at lower densities.

The external microbiomes of macroinvertebrates were not a significant source of bacterial populations to the bacterial communities of vegetation or the water column, but macroinvertebrate presence was associated with an increased abundance of certain bacterial taxa in the water column, such as Comamonadaceae and Chitinophagaceae.

These results demonstrate that, even in the short term, macroinvertebrates can impact biogeochemical processes in the water column of freshwater ecosystems, potentially by influencing the bacterial community.

This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationships between macroinvertebrates and microbial communities in their environment, with specific implications for processes in the water column, a component that is frequently overlooked in terms of macroinvertebrate effects. Considering interactions between all components of freshwater ecosystems is crucial to understanding their functioning, especially in the face of escalating environmental pressures.
Holocene Temperature Trend Inferred From Oxygen and Carbonate Clumped Isotope Profiles of a Stalagmite Collected From a Maritime Area of Central Honshu, Japan
Authors: Murata Akira , Mori Taiki , Kato Hirokazu , Hu Hsun‐Ming , Shen Chuan‐Chou , Senda Ryoko , Kashiwagi Kenji , Kano Akihiro
Published: December 2024

The Holocene has been extensively researched concerning past climates, and various proxy records have provided information on temperature changes during this period. Many studies have found a period of elevated temperatures during the Middle Holocene, known as the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM). However, the exact timing of this warm period varies depending on the region. Here, we investigate a stalagmite collected from Kiriana Cave, which covers two intervals: 13.7–12.4 and 10.4–1.16 thousand years ago (ka before 1950 AD). In previous studies at this cave site, the meteoric water δ18O is not sensitive to the precipitation amount and the seasonality of precipitation but follows the seawater δ18O. By using these assumptions of the meteoric water δ18O, the paleo‐temperature was quantitatively reconstructed from the stalagmite δ18O and the carbonate clumped isotopes. These paleoclimatic proxies indicated that the temperature at the cave site significantly changed during the Holocene. Based on the records of the stalagmite δ18O, the HTM occurred between 10.9 and 6.7 ka, reaching its peak temperature (15.0°C) around 7.0 ka. At this time, temperatures were approximately 3°C warmer than present. The timing of the warm interval aligns closely with marine temperature records but is notably earlier than terrestrial records from Europe and North America. Cooling began at 6.5 ka, and the decreased temperature stabilized in an interval between 6.0 and 4.5 ka. The temperature decreased further to the lowest value (~10.0°C) at 3.0 ka. After this cooling maximum, the climate gradually became warm until the stalagmite stopped growing at 1.16 ka. Our Holocene temperature reconstruction is consistent with the temperature and palaeoceanographic records obtained from reef corals and marine sediments in and around the Japanese Islands in terms of the amplitude of change, warm middle Holocene, and cool late Holocene.
Navigating contradictions: justifications and imaginaries of the initiators of European migration information campaigns
Authors: Schenetti Cecilia , Mazzucato Valentina , Wyatt Sally , Schans Djamila
Published: December 2024

European states employ migration information campaigns (MICs) to discourage irregular migration to Europe by people from the Global South. Campaigns are justified by their initiators in various ways. On the one hand, campaigns are said to protect ‘potential migrants’ by helping them to make informed decisions (‘care’). On the other hand, campaigns respond to Europe's security objective of restricting migration flows (‘control’). Researchers have looked at various intermediaries involved in these campaigns. Yet, little attention has been given to individual European policy actors who decide on the funding and design of campaigns and how they navigate between campaigns' contradictory intentions to care for ‘potential migrants’ and to control borders. How do European campaign initiators justify the need for MICs? And what does this tell us about the migration imaginaries of those who develop migration governance measures? Based on interviews with European policymakers and campaign designers in the Netherlands and Senegal, this article examines their discursive acts of legitimation. It shows that in justifying their everyday work, they imagine themselves as humanitarian actors, and ‘potential migrants’ as depoliticized subjects in need of care. While initiators do sometimes examine campaigns critically, they build a worldview in which care is instrumental to border enforcement and in which compassion becomes a form of repressive ‘soft’ bordering.
Influence of vacuum pre‐sintering temperature on the Eu2+–Dy3+ co‐doped SrAl2O4 ceramics with persistent luminescence
Authors: Li Tingsong , Liu Qiang , Hu Chen , Wang Yanbin , Zhou Zhenzhen , Li Jiang
Published: December 2024

(Sr0.97Eu0.01Dy0.02)Al2O4 persistent luminescence (PersL) ceramics were fabricated by solid‐state reactive pre‐sintering in vacuum combined with hot isostatic pressing (HIP) post‐treatment adding H3BO3 as a sintering additive. The influence of pre‐sintering temperature on the phase composition, microstructure, and PersL performance of (Sr0.97Eu0.01Dy0.02)Al2O4 ceramics was investigated. The results showed that optimum persistent performance was obtained by the ceramics prepared by vacuum pre‐sintered at 1600°C for 3 h and HIP post‐treated at 1400°C for 3 h under 200 MPa in Ar. The persistent initial luminescence intensity exceeded 9200 mcd/m2 after 5 min when the optimum sample was simulated by the daylight irradiation of 1000 lx, and the persistent emission decay time was longer than 14 h. The trap depth was calculated using two methods, and the results showed that the ceramics prepared at pre‐sintering temperature of 1600°C had the highest trap depth.
Machine learning–guided optimization of coercive field in Al1−xScxN thin films for nonvolatile memory
Authors: Das Shaon , Garg Prachi , Mazumder Baishakhi
Published: December 2024

This study employs a data‐driven machine learning approach to investigate specific ferroelectric properties of Al1−xScxN thin films, targeting their application in next‐generation nonvolatile memory (NVM) devices. This approach analyzes a vast design space, encompassing over a million data points, to predict a wide range of coercive field values that are crucial for optimizing Al1−xScxN‐based NVM devices. We evaluated seven machine learning models to predict the coercive field across a range of conditions, identifying the random forest algorithm as the most accurate, with a test R2 value of 0.88. The model utilized five key features: film thickness, measurement frequency, operating temperature, scandium concentration, and growth temperature to predict the design space. Our analysis spans 13 distinct scandium concentrations and 13 growth temperatures, encompassing thicknesses from 9–1000 nm, frequencies from 1 to 100 kHz, and operating temperatures from 273 to 700 K. The predictions revealed dominant coercive field values between 3.0 and 4.5 MV/cm, offering valuable insights for the precise engineering of Al1−xScxN‐based NVM devices. This work underscores the potential of machine learning in guiding the development of advanced ferroelectric materials with tailored properties for enhanced device performance.
Recovery in Mother‐To‐Mother Peer Supporters Who Have Experienced Difficulties in Child‐Rearing: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Nakashima Chieko , Tanaka Koji , Shinmasu Yuka , Ikeuchi Satomi , Nagata Kyoko
Published: December 2024

Aims

To elucidate the meaning of recovery for mothers who have experienced difficulties in child‐rearing, using insights gained through their activities as mother‐to‐mother peer supporters.

Design

Phenomenological study.

Methods

From January to October 2022, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 11 mothers active as peer supporters at community child‐rearing support centres in Japan. Data were analysed using Colaizzi's phenomenological methodology.

Results

The analysis identified three clustered themes: (1) struggles as a mother, (2) discovery of one's authentic self, and (3) transformation in one's approach to life. The essential needs of mothers during child‐rearing were clarified, revealing the vital importance of the mother's mental health compared with merely providing technical support or advice for child‐rearing.

Conclusion

During child‐rearing, in the context of their relationships with their children, mothers may feel profound loneliness and question their own self‐worth. Life's difficulties are more keenly felt, and the inherent, seemingly insurmountable challenges that they face as mothers are more evident. Therefore, instead of merely focusing on traditional child‐rearing methods, it is essential to support mothers in addressing their inherent personality traits, unresolved issues, and internal conflicts.

Impact

This study clarifies that child‐rearing support is not merely about providing direct aid to children—in other words, a type of technical assistance—and attests to the importance of child‐rearing support that focuses on mothers' own ways of living and being. Transcending national borders, these are vital insights for safeguarding the health of mothers and children and are expected to contribute to the global field of maternal and child health.

Reporting Method

This study was conducted in accordance with the COREQ guidelines.

Patient or Public Contribution

None.