bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teaching and Learning Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Pugh-Opher Francesca
Published: February 2021

The advancement of new technologies in K-12 educational settings has the potential for new learner experiences and outcomes. The integration of gamification and simulation into second language learning classrooms has the potential to support language learning for young learners. This chapter explores effective ways to introduce instructional models and technological tools for immersing early childhood learners in the second language learning process. In this chapter, the author describes the need for gamified and simulated virtual technologies to facilitate the learning of Mandarin Chinese in an early childhood setting.
Determinants of Household Pro-Environmental Practices
Authors: Baum Scott
Published: February 2021

The decision by individuals and households to undertake recycling and to adopt green technology is driven by a large array of factors. Understanding the role of these factors is in turn important for developing appropriate green policies and in enacting sustainable and efficient education and information campaigns. The main aim of this chapter is to outline the factors impacting on pro-environmental behavior of a sample of Australian households. Using data drawn from a survey undertaken across the State of Queensland, the chapter will consider how a factors such as socio-economic background, beliefs around climate change, previous exposure to environmental hazards, and beliefs about individual and government abilities to determine outcomes help explain patterns of pro-environmental behavior in various settings.
Rescue of male infertility through correcting a genetic mutation causing meiotic arrest in spermatogonial stem cells
Authors: Wang Ying-Hua , Yan Meng , Zhang Xi , Liu Xin-Yu , Ding Yi-Fu , Lai Chong-Ping , Tong Ming-Han , Li Jin-Song
Published: February 2021

Azoospermia patients who carry a monogenetic mutation that causes meiotic arrest may have their biological child through genetic correction in spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). However, such therapy for infertility has not been experimentally investigated yet. In this study, a mouse model with an X-linked testis-expressed 11 (TEX11) mutation (Tex11
PM/Y) identified in azoospermia patients exhibited meiotic arrest due to aberrant chromosome segregation. Tex11
PM/Y SSCs could be isolated and expanded in vitro normally, and the mutation was corrected by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated endonuclease 9 (Cas9), leading to the generation of repaired SSC lines. Whole-genome sequencing demonstrated that the mutation rate in repaired SSCs is comparable with that of autonomous mutation in untreated Tex11
PM/Y SSCs, and no predicted off-target sites are modified. Repaired SSCs could restore spermatogenesis in infertile males and give rise to fertile offspring at a high efficiency. In summary, our study establishes a paradigm for the treatment of male azoospermia by combining in vitro expansion of SSCs and gene therapy.
Systemic Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma Local Injection on Serum and Urinary Anabolic Metabolites
Authors: Kuo Shu-Jui , Chou Wen-Yi , Hsu Chieh-Cheng , Chang-Chien Guo-Ping , Lin Su-Fan , Siu Kai-Kit , Tsai Tsai-Chan , Ko Jih-Yang , Sun Yi Chih
Published: February 2021

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely utilized in the treatment of sports injuries. However, potential systemic effects after localized PRP injection are unclear at present. In this prospective randomized study, 24 Taiwanese male athletes with tendinopathy were randomized into a PRP group (n = 13) or a saline group (n = 11). The concentrations of serum and urine biomarkers were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay assessment as well as gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis, respectively. The results showed no significant differences in serum levels of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3, vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, or serum substance P (SP) between the two groups before intervention, nor at 1, 2, or 7 days after intervention. However, a significant decrease in the serum SP level 1 and 7 days after PRP injection was observed. Regarding urinary concentrations of metabolites of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), no between-group differences before intervention, nor at 1, 2, or 7 days after intervention, were observed. Our study failed to observe significant surge of serum anabolic molecules and urinary excretion of anabolic AAS metabolites after PRP injection.
Changes in Cytokine Profile with Immunotherapy in Viral Warts using Purified Protein Derivative, Mumps Measles Rubella Vaccine, and Mycobacterium w Vaccine
Authors: Sil Amrita , Dasgupta Sayantan , Chandra Somodyuti , Datta Adrija , Banerjee Arini , Das Nilay Kanti
Published: February 2021

Background:

Immunotherapy for wart employs ability of immune system to recognize certain viral, bacterial, and fungal antigens in previously sensitized individual inducing Type IV delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (up-regulated Th1 cytokines IL-1, TNF-α, IFN-γ; down-regulated Th2 cytokines IL-10), not only to injected antigen but also against wart virus.

Aims:

To evaluate and compare the pattern of production of Th1 cytokines (IL-1, TNF-α, IFN-γ) and Th2 cytokines (IL-10) in patients receiving immunotherapy with purified-protein-derivative (PPD), Mycobacterium w (Mw), or mumps-measles-rubella (MMR) vaccine.

Methods:

The cohort study conducted on patients receiving immunotherapy with PPD, Mw, or MMR which was injected intradermally at baseline, repeated every 2 weeks for 6 doses?. Five-millilit?e?r blood was collected for evaluation of cytokines at baseline and 12 weeks of treatment. Blood was centrifuged to separate serum, stored at -80°C. Cytokines were measured by ELISA using a standard kit.

Results:

Nine participants in PPD group, 11 in Mw group, and 12 in MMR group completed the study. IL-1 was raised from baseline in all study arms and was significant in PPD group (P = 0.008). There was a predicted increase in IFN-γ in Mw and MMR groups but not in the PPD group. In the PPD group, IFN-γ was found to be down regulated. IL-10, a Th 2 cytokine was down regulated in all the groups at the study end from baseline, significantly so in the PPD group (P = 0.027) and MMR group (P = 0.001). TNF-α, being a Th1 cytokine was down regulated in all groups instead of an increase. In PPD group, IL-10 was significantly low at study end in patients who had complete resolution of warts.

Limitations:

Longer follow-up could not be done due to logistic issues.

Conclusion:

IL-1, TNF-α upregulation and IL-10 downregulation confirm that cytokine milieu plays an important role in wart immunotherapy. TNF-α has no contributory role. IL-10 can be used as a biomarker of complete response in PPD therapy.
Therapeutic Modalities in Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis
Authors: Datta Adrija , Podder Indrashis , Das Anupam , Sil Amrita , Das Nilay Kanti
Published: February 2021

Post-kala-azar dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) is one of the important neglected tropical diseases, which has a tremendous epidemiological significance, being the reservoir of kala-azar. Relapse and resistance to treatment along with the lack of a drug of choice and consensus treatment guideline pose a significant problem in the management of PKDL. The aim of this article was to review the available therapeutic options for PKDL, with special emphasis on their pharmaco-dynamics, pharmaco-kinetics, effectiveness, safety, tolerability, and cost factor. A comprehensive English language literature search was done for therapeutic options in PKDL across multiple databases (PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane) for keywords (alone and in combination). MeSH as well as non-MeSH terms such as “Kala-azar,” “Leishmaniasis” AND “Treatment,” “Management,” “Antimony Sodium Gluconate,” “Meglumine Antimoniate,” “Amphotericin B,” “Paromomycin,” “Miltefosine” were taken into consideration. Among 576 relevant articles, 15 were deemed relevant to this review. These articles were evaluated using “Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM)” AND “strength of recommendation taxonomy” (SORT) with respect to the level of evidence and grade of recommendation. The review includes 15 studies. The use of sodium stibogluconate is being discouraged because of multiple documented reports of treatment failure. Liposomal amphotericin B is emerging as a favorable option, owing to its superiority in terms of effectiveness and safety profile. Miltesfosine is the drug of choice in India because of the ease of oral administration and minimal risk of toxicity. Isolated Paromomycin alone is not effective in PKDL; however, combination therapy with sodium stibogluconate is found to be safe and effective. Combination of amphotericin B and miltefosine is one of the excellent options. Immunotherapy with combination of alum-precipitated autoclaved Leishmania major (Alum/ALM) vaccine + Bacille Calmette-Gu´erin (BCG) has shown promising results. Kala-azar continues to haunt the tropical countries and PKDL being its reservoir is threatening its elimination. With the availability of drugs such as liposomal amphotericin B and miltefosine, apart from the advent of immunotherapy, the future of treatment of this condition looks promising.
Estimating the Impact of Extragenital Warts versus Genital Warts on Quality of Life in Immunocompetent Indian Adult Patients
Authors: Mohta Alpana , Jain Suresh K , Kushwaha Ramesh K , Singh Arti , Gautam Umesh , Nyati Asha
Published: February 2021

Background:

Extra-genital warts (EGWs) affect 7-10% of population. Even though a plethora of studies have been conducted to assess the impact of genital warts (GWs) showing a significant impact on the quality of life but surprisingly, barely any data has been collected on the impact of EGWs on quality of life.

Aims and Objective:

This cross-sectional study aimed at comparing the magnitude of EGWs on health-related quality of life and various variables with that of GWs.

Patients and Methods:

The study consisted of two groups of immunocompetent adults, each with 100 patients aged 18 years or above, attending the skin outpatient department at our tertiary center between April 2018 and March 2019 and consented to participate. Group A consisted of patients with EGWs and group B comprised of patients with GWs. All patients were asked to fulfill the validated Hindi hard copy of the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire.

Results:

The mean DLQI score of patients with EGWs was 8.73 ± 0.84 and that of patients with GWs was 5.83 ± 0.83 (P = 0.026). In group A, those affected the most were patients with warts on multiple exposed sites (mean DLQI score of 14), followed by warts on feet (mean DLQI score of 10.69), followed by warts on hands (DLQI score of 9.12), and facial warts (DLQI score of 6.80). Patients with a prior history of failed treatment and/or a longer duration of illness had a higher level of dissatisfaction. To the best of our knowledge, no such study has been conducted in the past in our country.

Conclusions:

EGWs inflict a severe negative impact on the quality of life. Owing to its notorious persistence and recurrence, healthcare professionals must educate patients on how to prevent the spread and recurrence, discuss details of available treatment modalities while keeping in view the psychological and sociological impact.
The Role of Patch Testing with Indian Cosmetic Series in Patients with Facial Pigmented Contact Dermatitis in India
Authors: Samanta Ayan , Agarwal Komal , Naskar BN , De Abhishek
Published: February 2021

Background:

Pigmented contact dermatitis (PCD) is a non-eczematoid variant of contact dermatitis, mainly characterised by hyperpigmentation. It occurs due to contact with a low amount of allergen over a long duration of time. PCD is frequently seen in Indians but is often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed because of the asymptomatic nature of the entity. The aetiology and the allergens implicated in PCD in the Indian subcontinent is still an enigma because of the limited studies done.

Materials and Methods:

This was an institution-based cross-sectional study, done at a tertiary hospital. Patch testing with Indian Cosmetic Series was conducted in a standardised method. Readings were taken at 48 hrs/72 hrs and on the 7th day [Figure 2a and b]. The International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG) scoring system was used to grade the readings.

Results:

Out of the 38 biopsy proven cases of PCD, 18 (47%) showed lichenoid features, 17 (45%) showed spongiotic features, 3 (8%) showed a mixed lichenoid and spongiotic pattern. Among total 1216 (32 patches × 38 patients) patch applied, 42 (3.4%) showed positivity in 30 patients. Among allergen categories, colorant (PPD) was found to be most common (37%) followed by fragrances (18%), preservatives (15%), anti-microbial (11%) and emulsifier and anti-oxidants (each 8%).

Conclusion:

It is important to identify the allergens implicated in PCD to help in better management of the condition. Patch testing proves to be a non invasive, low cost method and its role is indispensable in identifying the correct allergen.
Prevalences of Allergic Disorders in Children with Terra Firma-Forme Dermatosis
Authors: Akçay Gürbüz , Topal Yaşar , Aydın Osman
Published: February 2021

Background:

Terra firma-forme dermatosis (TFFD) is a clinical condition that may be defined as a dirty appearance of skin. Although it has been defined for many years, its clinical value is not well known.

Objective:

We aimed to determine the prevalence of allergic disorders (asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema) to investigate if this clinical condition is associated with allergic disorders in children with TFFD.

Materials and Methods:

A questionnaire descriptive of allergic disorders [International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC)] was applied to all children diagnosed with TFFD at the pediatric clinics during a 6-month period specified for the study. The results were compared with the two ISAAC studies that have been previously conducted in our region.

Results:

The prevalence of TFFD among 1695 children examined at our outpatient clinic was found to be 3.18% (n = 54). The youngest of the children was 6 months old and the oldest 13 years, with an average age of 6.08 ± 2.69 years. Our study group had significantly greater rates and intensities of lifetime wheezing, wheezing in the last 12 months (current wheezing), lifetime allergic rhinitis, allergic rhinitis in the last 12 months; and the rate of physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis compared to the comparator groups (P < 0.005).

Conclusions:

The results support the view that TFFD may be a sign of associated asthma and allergic rhinitis.
Cutaneous Manifestations of Chronic Kidney Disease, Dialysis and Post-Renal Transplant
Authors: Goel Vivek , Sil Abheek , Das Anupam
Published: February 2021

Skin serves as the mirror of underlying systemic problems. The early diagnosis of subtle cutaneous clinical pointers often helps in identifying renal disorders, obviating the delay in diagnosis and treatment. Cutaneous changes can be observed from the beginning of renal impairment until the evolution to terminal stage, in uremia, hemodialysis, and after kidney transplantation. In the review, we have discussed the cutaneous changes, its implicated etiopathogenesis, and their treatment options, as encountered in chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis and post-renal transplantation.
Epidemiology of Post-Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis
Authors: Ghosh Pramit , Roy Pritam , Chaudhuri Surya Jyati , Das Nilay Kanti
Published: February 2021

Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a cutaneous sequel of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or kala-azar and has become an entity of epidemiological significance by virtue of its ability to maintain the disease in circulation during inter-epidemic periods. PKDL has been identified as one of the epidemiological marker of “kala-azar elimination programme.” Data obtained in 2018 showed PKDL distribution primarily concentrated in 6 countries, which includes India, Sudan, south Sudan, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Nepal in decreasing order of case-burden. In India, PKDL cases are mainly found in 54 districts, of which 33 are in Bihar, 11 in West Bengal, 4 in Jharkhand, and 6 in Uttar Pradesh. In West Bengal the districts reporting cases of PKDL cases include Darjeeling, Uttar Dinajpur, Dakshin Dinajpur, Malda, and Murshidabad. The vulnerability on the young age is documented in various studies. The studies also highlights a male predominance of the disease but recent active surveillance suggested that macular form of PKDL shows female-predominance. It is recommended that along with passive case detection, active survey helps in early identification of cases, thus reducing disease transmission in the community. The Accelerated plan for Kala-azar elimination in 2017 introduced by Government of India with the goal to eliminate Kala-azar as a public health problem, targets to reduceing annual incidence <1/10,000. Leishmania donovani is the established causative agent, but others like L. tropica or L. infantum may occasionally lead to the disease, especially with HIV-co-infection. Dermal tropism of the parasite has been attributed to overexpression of parasite surface receptors (like gp 63, gp46). Various host factors are also identified to contribute to the development of the disease, including high pretreatment IL 10 and parasite level, inadequate dose and duration of treatment, malnutrition, immuno-suppression, decreased interferon-gamma receptor 1 gene, etc. PKDL is mostly concentrated in the plains below an altitude of 600 mts which is attributed to the environment conducive for the vector sand fly (Phlebotumus). Risk factors are also linked to the habitat of the sand fly. Keeping these things in mind “Integrated vector control” is adopted under National vector borne disease control programme as one of the strategies to bring down the disease burden.
Sex Hormones, Metabolic Status, and Obesity in Female Patients with Acne Vulgaris Along with Clinical Correlation
Authors: Gayen Rumi , Podder Indrashis , Chakraborty Indranil , Chowdhury Satyendra Nath
Published: February 2021

Background:

Acne vulgaris is a common dermatological disorder. Several hormones are suspected to play a role in its etiopathogenesis.

Aims and Objectives:

The aim of this study was to analyze the role of sex-hormones, metabolic status, and obesity in acne vulgaris and correlate with its severity and symptom load.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional observational study included 89 female patients with acne vulgaris and certain phenotypic markers such as prepubertal onset, late-onset, persistent course, hirsutism, acanthosis nigricans, acrochordons, premenstrual flare, and diminished response to isotretinoin; suggestive of an underlying hormonal pathology. All patients were subjected to physical examination to rule out obesity and metabolic syndrome along with serum biochemistry to detect sex hormones (testosterone, progesterone, estrogen), serum insulin and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and lipid profile.

Results:

Among 89 patients (mean age 21.3 ± 5.3 years), 34.8% presented with late-onset/persistent/pre-pubertal acne, 33.7% presented with premenstrual flare and 28.2% presented with hirsutism. Hormonal analysis revealed elevated testosterone and progesterone with low estrogen across all categories of patients. Testosterone was significantly elevated even in mild acne. Serum lipid profile was altered significantly only in hirsute females. In total, 36% and 20.2% patients presented with metabolic syndrome and obesity, respectively; however, neither was associated with severity of acne.

Conclusion:

Sex-hormones, serum lipids, metabolic status, and body mass index are altered in acne vulgaris. All acne patients with endocrine markers should be evaluated for sex-hormones irrespective of severity and symptom load, whereas hirsutism may be regarded as clinical marker of lipid abnormalities. Metabolic syndrome and obesity do not seem to be directly correlated with acne severity. Thus, anti-androgens may be considered as adjuvant therapy in these patients, not responding to conventional therapy.
Management of the failing renal allograft
Authors: Gunawansa Nalaka , Sharma Ajay , Halawa Ahmed
Published: February 2021

With increasing numbers of renal transplants performed globally, there is also an increase in the incidence of patients with failed transplants. Management of these patients with a failed graft needs special attention, as they represent a unique patient cohort with specific medical issues and high degree of morbidity and mortality. The primary aim should be to prolong the function of the existing graft and plan for eventual return to dialysis or early retransplantation. Minimization of immunosuppression to avoid unnecessary adverse effects while stabilizing cardiovascular risk factors and associated comorbidities is paramount. Individualized decision making is required in terms of graft nephrectomy versus leaving the graft in situ. Furthermore, an informed decision needs to be taken regarding the optimum plan of definitive management in terms of return to dialysis, retransplantation, or conservative management.
Recirculation and adequacy of dialysis in end stage renal disease patients on regular hemodialysis at Menoufia university hospitals
Authors: Abd El-Sattar Sara S. , El-Arbagy Ahmed R. , Yassein Yassein S. , Kasem Heba E.
Published: February 2021

Background

Early detection of vascular access complication prevents more severe conditions and reduces hospitalization periods of patients on regular hemodialysis (HD). Access recirculation (AR) is one of the tools for early evaluation of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) complication for early intervention. The aim of our study was to evaluate the AV AR as a risk factor for inadequate HD in patients with end-stage renal disease in Menoufia university hospitals.

Patients and methods

This is a cross-sectional study that included 300 patients on regular HD sessions at four centers at Menoufia university hospitals. All patients were subjected to detailed history taking, clinical examination, laboratory investigation, and measurement of recirculation by urea-based method.

Results

This study included 300 patients on regular HD. It showed that 51.7% presented with aneurysm, whereas the infected AV access was presented in 6% of patients. AR was found in 17.7% of patients, being more frequent in patients with the left brachiocephalic AVF (37.7%), and it showed highly significant relation with duration of dialysis and duration of AVF creation. The risk factors for recirculation were the distance between arterial and venous needle sites, puncture site aneurysm, and stenosis. There were negative correlations between AR and both urea reduction ratio and KT/V and positive with both serum potassium and parathyroid hormone level.

Conclusion

AR in our unit was associated mainly with stenosis, aneurysm, and improper needle puncture sites, so screening for recirculation may be used as a surveillance technique for the early detection of AVF in concomitant with regular training of dialysis staff in cannulation of the AVF.
Study of the relation between arterial oxygen saturation and intradialytic hypertension in regular hemodialysis patients
Authors: Khamis Said S.A. , El Zorkany Khaled M. , El-Shafey Wassam El-Din H. , Kasher Sara A. Ibrahim , Ragheb Ahmed
Published: February 2021

Background

Patients with IDHTN have an increased risk for hospitalizations and mortality. The pathogenesis of IDHTN is not well understood. Hypoxemia is thought to stimulate the blood pressure (BP) elevation. The aim of this work was to study the changes of the arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) during hemodialysis (HD) and their relations to intradialytic hypertension (IDHTN).

Patients and methods

This is a prospective observational study that analyzed SaO2 and BP changes during HD sessions in 75 regular HD patients over 6 months. Patients were divided into two groups: group A included patients without intradialytic hypertension (non-IDHTN) and group B included patients with persistent IDHTN group.

Results

Group B patients had significantly lower predialysis, intradialytic, and postdialysis SaO2 levels compared with group A (P<0.001). Group B patients also showed a significant drop in intradialytic SaO2 compared to group A (P<0.001). There were significant negative correlations between the predialysis, intradialytic, and postdialysis SaO2 and intradialytic systolic blood pressure elevation (P<0.001). It was found that the reduction of the predialysis and intradialytic SaO2 less than 92.5 and 90.5%, respectively, could be predictors of intradialytic systolic blood pressure increase (P<0.001).

Conclusion

Decreased SaO2 before and during HD sessions may be involved in the induction of IDHTN.
Evolution of Tele-education in nephrology in Egypt before and during coronavirus disease 2019 era
Authors: Sheashaa Hussein , Sobh Mohamed , Elsayed Moatasem , Salem Kariem , Kishk Sherif , Hafez Mohamed H. , El Baz Tarek
Published: February 2021

The birth of distance learning courses in nephrology was set up in Mansoura (Mansoura Nephrology Club) in 2005. This activity was endorsed by the Egyptian Society of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation (ESNT) in early 2006. Tele-education was restricted to sharing presentations and the facilities to ask the experts. All questions and answers were uploaded to the website. The year 2012 witnessed a revolution in the ESNT continuous medical education chapter to include outreach programs followed by the ESNT virtual academy takeoff, with evolving experience through the following years, including enormous amounts of presentations, conferences, assignments, quizzes, as well as the full curriculum of Mansoura Nephrology Doctorate degree. More than 28 000 users from all continents and countries use this service on a daily basis. From May 2019, the ESNT activated online webinars to ensure interactive teaching that extended to a real Tele-medicine and teleconsultation to improve nephrology practice. In coronavirus disease 2019 era, where social distancing has become a necessity, the ESNT in collaboration with the international nephrology experts adopted a very active international distance nephrology education. A total number of 4596 lectures as well as links to 1850 videos are free of charges for all nephrologists all over the world, making ESNT virtual academy one of the largest open-source nephrology educational facilities.
Prevalence of long-term cytopenia in kidney transplant patients
Authors: Yossef Emad A.M. , Hefny Hesham M.
Published: February 2021

Background

Although cytopenia is common during the first few months following transplantation owing to induction and maintenance immunosuppressant, little is known about the prevalence of cytopenia in transplant patients beyond the first 6 months after transplantations. Thus, we conducted the present study to investigate the prevalence of chronic cytopenia in renal transplant recipients.

Patients and methods

This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out on 81 kidney transplant recipients in the renal transplant clinic at Sohag University Hospital during the period from February 2018 to February 2019. A nonprobability consecutive sampling technique was employed to recruit eligible patients.

Results

Regarding study outcomes, we found that 44.4% of our study group had anemia, 38.3% had normocytic anemia, and 6.2% had microcytic anemia. Regarding the degree of anemia, 17.3% of the patients had severe anemia, 17.3% had mild anemia, and 9.9% had moderate anemia. In addition, 3.7% of the study groups had leukopenia and 1.2% had leukocytosis. Regarding platelets, only one (1.2%) patient had thrombocytosis.

Conclusion

Chronic posttransplantation cytopenia is a common complication after kidney transplantation, especially anemia. Therefore, it is recommended that physicians involved in renal transplantation consider the investigation and follow-up of transplant recipients for posttransplantation cytopenia and adopt appropriate preventive and therapeutic measures. In addition, we recommend further studies on a larger number of patients, with focus on the link between posttransplantation cytopenia and mortality.
Blended programmatic assessment for competency based curricula
Authors: Mahajan R , Saiyad S , Virk A , Joshi A , Singh T
Published: February 2021

The uncertainty in all spheres of higher education due to the COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on teaching–learning and assessments in medical colleges across the globe. The conventional ways of assessment are now neither possible nor practical for certifying medical graduates. This has necessitated thoughtful considerations in making adjustments to the assessment system, with most institutions transitioning to online assessments that so far have remained underutilized. Programmatic assessment encourages the deliberate and longitudinal use of diverse assessment methods to maximize learning and assessment and at present can be utilized optimally as it ensures the collection of multiple low-stake assessment data which can be aggregated for high-stake pass/fail decisions by making use of every opportunity for formative feedback to improve performance. Though efforts have been made to introduce programmatic assessment in the competency-based undergraduate curriculum, transitioning to online assessment can be a potential opportunity if the basic tenets of programmatic assessment, choice of online assessment tools, strategies, good practices of online assessments and challenges are understood and explored explicitly for designing and implementing online assessments. This paper explores the possibility of introducing online assessment with face-to-face assessment and structuring a blended programmatic assessment in competency-based medical education.
Pembrolizumab-induced large duct cholangiopathy
Authors: Chatterjee A , Bivas BK , Gehani A , Sen S
Published: February 2021

Immune-checkpoint inhibitor mediated hepatobiliary injury is an emerging concern in cancer treatment. Most of these adverse reactions are attributed to nivolumab and are characterized by panlobular hepatitis. Large duct cholangiopathy related to these drugs is extremely rare. We present a case of adenocarcinoma of lung treated with pembrolizumab who developed biochemical and imaging features consistent with cholangiopathy characterized by common bile duct dilatation, wall enhancement, and gallbladder wall edema. On follow-up in the fourth month, the imaging features persisted despite the normalization of liver enzymes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of diagnosis and follow-up imaging of pembrolizumab-related cholangiopathy in imaging literature.
Second order differentiation formula on RCD*$(K,N)$ spaces
Authors: Gigli Nicola , Tamanini Luca
Published: February 2021

The aim of this paper is to prove a second order differentiation formula for

H^{2,2}

functions along geodesics in RCD*

(K,N)

spaces with

K ıin \mathbb R

and

N < \infty

. This formula is new even in the context of Alexandrov spaces, where second order differentiation is typically related to semiconvexity.

We establish this result by showing that

W_2

-geodesics can be approximated up to second order, in a sense which we shall make precise, by entropic interpolations. In turn this is achieved by proving new, even in the smooth setting, estimates concerning entropic interpolations which we believe are interesting on their own. In particular we obtain:

Finally, the techniques adopted in this paper can be used to show that in the RCD setting the viscous solution of the Hamilton–Jacobi equation can be obtained via a vanishing viscosity method, as in the smooth case.

With respect to a previous version, where the space was assumed to be compact, in this paper the second order differentiation formula is proved in full generality.
Beauty and Justice in Modern Pentecostal Theological Themes: No Loggerheads
Authors: Resane Kelebogile Thomas
Published: February 2021

Historically, Pentecostals associate beauty with worldliness. Quest for power, not purity has been at the core of Pentecostal yearnings. Literature review in this article demonstrates that the wheel has made a ‘u-turn’ in this regard.. Aesthetics or beauty has become the hallmark of Pentecostal theology. Since the theme is new in the field, a systematic literature review methodology was employed in this study including academic journals, books and websites references as the sources of the research findings. This paper demonstrates that beauty and justice are the themes in the modern Pentecostal theology, and that dogma is experienced rather than just an intellectual exercise. Apologetics is now embraced. Ethics shape morality to make faith attractive. With sacredness of life comes practical holiness, which unfortunately, among the Pentecostals, has led to ascetic and legalistic lifestyle. Justice is the expression of belief and is dogma in action. Sacralisation of space shows how Pentecostals are able to transform spaces into atmosphere that stimulates worship. Beauty and justice are no more themes at loggerheads among the Pentecostals
ULTRAVİYOLE IŞINLAR İLE ASANSÖR KABİNİ VE YÜRÜYEN MERDİVEN EL BANTLARININ YÜZEY DEZENFEKSİYONU
Authors: ARAT Aydın
Published: February 2021

2019’un Aralık ayında Wuhan şehrinde ortaya çıkan koranavirüsü sadece 3-4 ay içinde dünya geneline yayılarak pandemi halini aldı ve hepimizin günlük hayatını hiç beklemediğimiz şekilde etkilemeye başladı. Dünyada ve ülkemizde Covid-19 vakalarının artması sonucu, kişisel temas ve fiziksel mesafe konularında önlem alınması elzem hale gelmiştir. Şu çok net bilinmektedir ki salgın, temas ve hava yoluyla bulaşmaktadır. Bu salgını önlemenin veya azaltmanın en önemli adımlarından biri, alanda bulunan insanların fiziksel mesafe sınırlarına riayet etmesini sağlamak, diğeri ise dokunulan yüzeylerin dezenfeksiyonunu yapmaktır. Fakat insanların mecburiyetten bir araya gelmek zorunda olduğu alanlar vardır. Zorunlu olarak bir araya gelinen bu alanlarda yüzey ve havada mikrobiyal flora çeşitliğin artmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu artış enfeksiyon hastalıklarına davetiye çıkarmaktadır. Özelikle asansör ve yürüyen merdivenler insanların mecburiyetten bir araya gelmek zorunda olduğu alanlardır. Ülkemizde her gün 50 milyondan fazla insanın taşındığı bilinmektedir. İnsan sirkülasyonun bu kadar yoğun olduğu alanlarda önlem alınması mecburi hale gelmiştir.

Salgının yayılma hızını azaltmak için geleneksel olarak (kimyasal dezenfeksiyon) alınması gereken tedbirler sınırlı ve kontrolü, takibi oldukça zordur. Sistemin otomatikleştirilmesi ve teknolojik imkanlar ile takibi günümüzde mümkün hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada Ultraviyole C (UVC) kısa dalga boyunda ışıma yapan lambalar kullanılarak asansörlerde; kabin hava kalitesinin iyileştirilmesi, çağrı butonları, küpeştelerin ve yürüyen merdivenlerde ise el bantları gibi dokunma yüzeylerinin dezenfeksiyonunun hangi kriterler eşliğinde yapılması gerektiği tanımlanarak otomatikleştirme aşamaları tariflenecektir.
Assessing Differences and Similarities between Instructed Heritage Language Learners and L2 Learners in Their Knowledge of Spanish Tense-Aspect and Mood (TAM) Morphology
Authors: Montrul Silvina , Perpiñán Silvia
Published: February 2021

The acquisition of the aspectual difference between the preterit and imperfect in the past tense and the acquisition of the contrast between subjunctive and indicative mood are classic problem areas in second language (L2) acquisition of Spanish by English-speaking learners (Collentine, 1995, 1998, 2003; Salaberry, 1999; Slabakova & Montrul, 2002; Terrell, Baycroft & Perrone, 1987). Similarly, Spanish heritage speakers in the U.S exhibit simplification of the preterit/imperfect contrast and incomplete acquisition/attrition of subjunctive morphology (Merino, 1983; Montrul, 2002, 2007; Potowski, Jegerski & Morgan-Short, 2009; Silva-Corvalán, 1994). This raises the question of whether the linguistic knowledge of a developing L2 learner is similar to incomplete L1 acquisition in heritage language (HL) learners. Because heritage speakers are exposed to the heritage language from infancy whereas L2 learners begin exposure much later, Au et al. (2002, 2008) have claimed that heritage speakers are linguistically superior to L2 learners only in phonology but not in morphosyntax. The present study reexamines this
claim by focusing on the interpretation of tense, aspect and mood (TAM) morphology in 60 instructed HL learners and 60 L2 learners ranging from low to advanced proficiency in Spanish. Results of four written tasks showed differences between the groups both in tense and aspect and in mood morphology, depending on proficiency levels. Implications of these findings for heritage language instruction are discussed.
The Impact of Home Language and Literacy Support on English-Chinese Biliteracy Acquisition among Chinese Heritage Language Learners
Authors: Lü Chan , Koda Keiko
Published: February 2021

Studies on monolingual children have shown that home language and literacy support is crucial in children's early literacy acquisition. However, such support has not been examined as thoroughly among bilingual children, including heritage speakers. This study investigated the effect of home language and literacy support on important precursors of literacy skills including oral vocabulary knowledge, phonological awareness, and decoding skill in English and Chinese, among a group of 37 Chinese heritage language (CHL) learners. Our results suggest that the use of Chinese at home supported children's language and literacy skills in Chinese, especially their oral vocabulary knowledge; support of learning Chinese at home did not hinder children's acquisition of literacy skills in English. Implications for parents and teachers of CHL learners in relation to their biliteracy learning are discussed.
Exploring and Supporting Home Language Maintenance in Informal Playgroups: Working with Pacific Communities
Authors: Morgan Liam , Chodkiewicz Andrew
Published: February 2021

This paper draws on three years of fieldwork within informal supported play-groups in inner Sydney. In Australia, some 40% of children reach school age without attending formal preschools. Aboriginal and immigrant groups are greatly overrepresented in this statistic. For these children, informal playgroups, funded from a range of government and non-government sources are important sites for learning. For children who speak a language other than English in the home, the playgroups also offer an opportunity to strengthen and support the use of the home language and connection to heritage cultures.

Using data from observations, audio and video recordings, interviews with mothers and
carers as well as interviews with play-group workers, literacy specialists and community
workers, this paper will examine the challenges facing these families as their children prepare for schools in which their home language will be ‘submerged.’ The case study includes an evaluation of a bilingual program within informal playgroups aimed at strengthening home language use among children from the Maori and Tongan communities. The program was designed and implemented in collaboration with these communities as a part of research discussed in this paper. The evaluation will examine the benefits and limitations of such programs as well as foregrounding those strategies that engage and support families in their efforts to maintain their home language.

The effects of these programs in terms of strengthening parental home language support cannot be underestimated and the results of this study highlight the importance of supporting home language in early childhood education settings through structured programs that are responsive to local needs.
ECONOMIC SUBSTANTIATION OF MANAGEMENT DECISIONS AT THE ENTERPRISE
Authors:   Samara State University of Economics, Vanina Maria Andreevna
Published: February 2021

The article evaluates alternative options for management decisions for an industrial company and substantiates the choice of the preferred one based on established criteria and a system of restrictions
DESIGNING MANAGERS ' ACTIVITIES FOR APPLIED RESEARCH
Authors:   Samara state University of management ", Gerasimov Boris Nikiforovich ,   International market Institute"
Published: February 2021

Scientific organizations need competent managers in all areas of their activities. A study of the parameters of the quality and activity of applied research managers was conducted. The values of standards for quality parameters and activities of applied research managers were developed and these parameters were evaluated in the organization. Proposals for improving the values of quality parameters and the activities of applied research managers of the organization are identified.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT EXPERIENCE AT INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE
Authors:   Samara State University of Economics, Zagorodnev Daniil Aleksandrovich
Published: February 2021

The article analyzes such concepts as the project and project activity of the enterprise, which reflect the company's ability to supply unique equipment. The authors consider the features of implementing project management in a modern industrial enterprise, and describe its advantages on the example of a group of companies of JSC "Electroschit TM Samara".
EFFECTIVE METHODS OF RECRUITMENT
Authors:   Samara State University of Economics, Kuznetsova Elena Vyacheslavovna
Published: February 2021

A special role in the service team is attributed to the issue of subordination, and other relationships between the chief and subordinate, with these interpersonal relationships we encounter every day when we perform our work duties. In order for relations with the management to develop in the best possible way, you should carefully prepare for the first stage of acquaintance, at which the personnel review takes place. The most important issue for the Manager at this stage is the qualitative selection of personnel to ensure the cohesion and effectiveness of the team. The purpose of the work will be to review the selection methodology staff of the American businessman Harvey Mckay and analysis of the success of this approach at the present time.
SOCIALLY-ORIENTED ORGANIZATIONS
Authors:   Samara State University of Economics, Malysheva Elena Anatolyevna
Published: February 2021

The article presents an overview of social entrepreneurship in Russia. The main characteristics of a social enterprise are highlighted: innovation, financial stability, self-sufficiency, replication and social impact. Areas of project implementation by social entrepreneurs have been identified.
THE REFORM OF THE MANAGEMENT PROCESS INNOVATIONS OF THE ORGANIZATION
Authors:   Samara State technical University, Sultanova Alexandra Vasilievna
Published: February 2021

In any organization, there are processes that play a special purpose. Most often, this type of process is innovation management. In connection with the existence of problems in the framework of this process the organization needs to reform its structure. The results of the implementation of the most important stages of reforming the organization's innovation management process are presented.
INVESTMENT ROLE IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE SAMARA REGION
Authors:   Samara State University of Economics, Khechoyan Zoya Gagikovna
Published: February 2021

The article considers the modern tourism potential of the Samara region, the current state of tourism, and the key objects of tourism activity located in the Samara region, the problems of tourism development in the Samara region and the need to invest in this industry, advantages in the investment development of the tourism industry.
DIGITALIZATION AS A WAY TO INCREASE THE PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Samara State University of Economics, Nikolaeva Sofya Yurievna , Vishnyakova Angelina Borisovna ,   Samara State University of Economics
Published: February 2021

The article considers the concept of digitalization and digital technology, their role in the industrial enterprises. Based on the analysis, the role of digitalization, like the main driver, which allows company to become more competitive as on the national, as on the international markets, offering unique and high tech products, is substantiated.
APPLICATION OF SALES ANALYSIS TOOLS TO CUSTOMER SEGMENTATION IN TRADE
Authors:   Samara State University of Economics, Cheblukova Anna Alekseevna
Published: February 2021

This article discusses the existing methods of sales analysis in order to segment customers, their purpose, application and their comparison. The author also gives a methodology for conducting RFM analysis of clients and describes the possible use of promotion methods for groups of clients obtained as a result of this analysis.
MERCHANDISING AS EFFECTIVE TRADE MARKETING TOOL
Authors:   Samara state University of Economics, Shakurova Kamilla Uralovna
Published: February 2021

The article discusses various approaches to the definition of merchandising as a marketing tool in retail. In terms of the impact of merchandising on the achievement of a set of indicators of the marketing activities of the retail organization, the main directions and methods for assessing its effectiveness are highlighted.
DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITAL ECONOMY
Authors:   Samara State University of Economics, Selezneva Maria Pavlovna , Kochetkova Anna Sergeevna ,   Samara State University of Economics, Kolotilina Maria Alexandrovna ,   Samara State University of Economics
Published: February 2021

Innovative technologies and economic growth have a strong relationship; digital evolution is shaping the transition to new, modern technology platforms, which, in turn, are shaping them for speedy socioeconomic growth in all spheres of human activity. The article discusses the development of innovative technologies in the digital economy, at the present stage.
SIGNIFICANCE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL WORK WITH DEVIANT TEENAGERS
Authors:   Samara State University of Economics, Kochetkova Anna Sergeevna , Korotaeva Tatyana Vasilievna ,   Samara State University of Economics
Published: February 2021

Social realities are formed in such a way that the slogans of freedom and self-expression, success and achievements, which cannot be realized by an individual, are actively being introduced into the consciousness of an individual, using the means of mass communication. This often leads to deviant ways of self-realization, building psychological defense systems. Severe environmental conditions, weakening of group relationships give rise to anxiety, frustration, stress and distress in a person, which are overcome in part of society by violating generally accepted norms of behavior, aggression, illegal actions, and the formation of a specific subculture
METHODS OF CONDUCTING A PUBLIC SPEECH
Authors:   Samara State University of Economics, Safina Zemfira Mahmutovna
Published: February 2021

The rules of public speaking, behavioral points and dress code of the speaker, as well as techniques for attracting attention and principles of a successful speaker are considered.
TRENDS IN SOCIETY'S PERCEPTION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
Authors:   Samara State University of Economics, Azimova Alina Mihailovna
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the impact of the digital revolution on the development of mankind. The author considers the consequences of digitalization in two aspects: in the biological and social aspects, provides specific examples that confirm the hypotheses derived. studied the impact of digitalization on the daily life of man.
FASHION FOR A HEALTHY WAY OF LIFE IN MODERN RUSSIA
Authors:   Samara State University of Economics, Obertyaeva Daria Alekseevna
Published: February 2021

This article discusses how in Russia the fashion on a healthy way of life as people become more active to follow the diet and exercise as major manufacturers began to adjust to the trend in healthy lifestyle.