bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
29‐3: Improving Lateral Leakage Current in OLED Pixels by New Hole Transport Materials: Resolving the Crosstalk Issue
Authors: Kim You-Hyun , Weegels Leo , Eickhoff Christian , May Falk , Engelhart Jens , Meyer Sebastian , Ricks Michele , Kaiser Joachim
Published: July 2024

State‐of‐the‐art displays based on organic light emitting diodes for smartphones and tablets consist of side‐by‐side arrangements of red, green, and blue sub‐pixels. In the blue emissive layer, fluorescent materials are used, whereas red and green are realized by phosphorescence. This difference in materials is reflected in very different current‐voltage characteristics which can lead to current flowing in the lateral direction from the active blue pixel to neighboring non‐active red/green sub‐pixels causing undesired emission. This effect is especially dominant in the low luminance regime, thereby reducing color purity significantly. In this paper we introduce recently developed hole transport materials (HTM) which significantly suppress such lateral leakage current thereby preventing sub‐pixel crosstalk without compromise in other device parameters like lifetime and power‐consumption. Applicability of such materials is shown in the combination of hole‐injection‐layer (HIL, with p‐dopant) and hole‐transport‐layer (HTL).
30‐2: Hydrogen Contents Controlled Silicon Nitride Passivation Layer for Highly Reliable IGZO Thin Film Transistor
Authors: Lee Bokyoung , Kim Yongil , Bang Jungho , Nam Seung Hee , Noh Ji Yong , Park Kwon-Shik , Yoon Soo Young
Published: July 2024

To achieve a highly reliable IGZO transistor, silicon nitride thin film, as a passivation layer, has been extensively investigated in recent years, mainly due to readily available fabrication, along with good barrier performance. Here, we found out that larger amount hydrogen residuals was observed in the PECVD deposited SiNx passivation layer, more stable the IGZO oxide device exhibited, which is abnormal behavior to that commonly known in the literatures. Given that FT‐IR and SIMS analysis with various controlled SiNx thin film upon different deposition conditions, the plasma parameters such as power, pressure, source gas ratio could affect hydrogen ion diffusivity into the IGZO layer during the deposition and the chemical composition of hydrogen residuals in the resulting SiNx layer, which is more dominant, rather than absolute hydrogen contents itself, to the initial electrical properties as well the stability of the IGZO transistor device.
31‐2: Switchable View Control using a Vertically Aligned Polarizer and Polarization Control
Authors: Heber André
Published: July 2024

Combining a vertically aligned polarizer and a liquid crystal cell, a switchable view control filter is implemented, that on demand, changes the transmission for designated view angle areas between a high transmission and low transmission state, referred to as private and public modes of operation. The feasibility of the switchable view control concept is confirmed via simulations and measurements.
32‐2: Multi AI Approaches for Improving OLED Display Pattern Repair in Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Lim Hong-bin , Shin Eun-chul
Published: July 2024

The increasing resolution and complexity of OLED (organic light-emitting diode) panels have led to a rise in defects during the manufacturing process. Repairing these defects is crucial for enhancing the competitiveness of OLED manufacturing. The skill level of inspection operators has traditionally been the foundation of the repair system. However, an Image Processing-based Rule Base Auto Repair System has partially replaced the reliance on inspection operators. Yet, it falls short of completely replacing them without additional verification and re-repair. To overcome the challenges of detecting overlap areas between layers and detecting defects in gap regions, which are major causes of reduced accuracy in repair area detection, we explored the use of DL (deep learning) techniques. In this proposal, we introduced segmentation techniques commonly used in autonomous driving and medical fields to improve the performance of layer detection for repair targets. By developing a DL Auto Repair Process based on accurate segmentation detection of repair targets, we established a stable system by combining classification DL and detection DL. The proposed technology has led to the development of an Auto Repair System that eliminates the need for inspection operators for the specific defects. The proposed method has been successfully applied in real manufacturing processes
33‐1: Development of Trasflective 54.5‐inch IGZO‐TFT LCD with Super‐low Refresh Rate Driving
Authors: Sawayama Yutaka , Takeuchi Yohei , Yamashita Yuki , Morinaga Junichi , Nakamura Kazuo , Tanaka Noriyuki , Hakoi Hiroyuki , Satoh Takashi , Chikama Yoshimasa , Imai Hajime
Published: July 2024

We are developing transflective LCD displays for signage that have good outdoor visibility and super‐low power consumption. This panel adopts a design that incorporates our technologies such as TFT, twisted‐VA technology, and MRS structure that can be driven at super‐low frequencies using IGZO technology. We would like to report that we have developed a 54.5‐inch transflective LCD.
33‐2: Proposal of Novel Random Depolarization Film for Real‐Color Displays with Sharp Images
Authors: Sasaki Shizuki , Koike Yasuhiro
Published: July 2024

The random depolarization film (RDF), a polymer film doped with birefringent particles, converts linearly polarized light to randomly polarized light. This paper shows that a novel RDF with controlled birefringence resolves polarization problems of the display such as blackout, color change, and color mura problems. Furthermore, the novel RDF achieved a higher contrast ratio and a sharper image than a conventional RDF doped with calcite particles.
34‐4: A 270fps Large‐Area Organic Optical Biosensor Array for Digital Physiology and Vein Biometrics
Authors: Chen Chung-Kai , Wang Xingle , Naresh Adithya , Takada Naoki , Koide Gen , Nakamura Takashi , Uehara Toshinori , Cheng Dongkai , Tagawa Yusaku , Yokota Tomoyuki , Someya Takao
Published: July 2024

This paper presents an optical biosensor system including a TFT (thin‐film transistor) sensor array and silicon IC to capture vein images, record PPG (photoplethysmography) signals and generate blood perfusion images. The sensing area is 1200 mm2 including 21168 pixels and SNR (signal‐to‐noise ratio) is 56 dB when FPS (frames per second) is 270.
36‐3: Perovskite QDs ‐ Essential for Color, Brightness and Power
Authors: Luechinger Norman A.
Published: July 2024

In this presentation we give an overview about our perovskite QD solutions for miniLED backlight films (LCD displays) and also in‐pixel QD converters for microLED displays and QD‐OLED displays. We will discuss the advantages of our perovskite QDs for all of these different display technologies and corresponding QD deposition methods.
42‐3: An Anti‐bacteria and Anti‐virus Liquid Crystal Display
Authors: Meng Xianqin , Li Hu , Zhang Yong , Xu Xiaoling , Liu Sha , Zhang Douqing , Zheng Liangliang , Wang Dan , Liu Zhiqiang
Published: July 2024

Health is becoming an increasingly important indicator for displays, especially after suffering the CODIV‐19 in past years. This manuscript is reporting a novel anti‐bacteria and anti‐virus liquid crystals display which is using an optimized antibacterial and anti‐virus materials on displays with certain technical processes. The antibacterial ratio can reach to 99.99% for both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, its anti‐virus ratio can attain above 91.36% for H3N2 and 96.45% for H1N1 viruses, respectively. Its optical properties such as transmission and reflection are all quite similar as the one without antibacterial and anti‐virus treatment. This kind of technology can be used for touching and interacting displays, such as tablet personal computer, cellphones, as well as public interaction screens, and so on.
43‐1: Invited Paper: Review and Perspective of XR Technologies for Immersive Experience
Authors: Mukawa Hiroshi
Published: July 2024

A number of technologies must be highly integrated to deliver immersive XR experiences to users. These technologies are not only for XR hardware but also for content creation and distribution. In this paper, the author introduces an XR workflow and reviews some key technologies. The challenges and perspectives of XR technologies are also discussed.
43‐3: Distinguished Paper: Breaking the Optical Efficiency Limit of Pancake Optics in Virtual Reality
Authors: Ding Yuqiang , Luo Zhenyi , Borjigin Garimagai , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: July 2024

We propose a theoretically lossless pancake optics solution that incorporates a nonreciprocal polarization rotator sandwiched between two reflective polarizers. A proof‐of‐concept experiment using a commercially available Faraday rotator (FR) is implemented. The theoretically predicted 100% efficiency can indeed be achieved approximately by using two high extinction ratio reflective polarizers.
48‐4: Distinguished Paper: Backside Bonding for Extremely Narrow Bezel at the Bottom of Flexible Displays
Authors: Lee Donghyun , Lee Jaehak , Seo Dongkyun , Jung Yangho , Lee Hyunsup , Kong Donghwan , Song Sijoon
Published: July 2024

We developed a novel method to minimize the bezel of flexible displays through backside bonding of a chip on film, resulting in the bezel width of less than 500 Î¼m as compared to 1000 Î¼m of conventional displays. The metal embedded in polyimide (MEP) layer is placed between the first and second polyimide (PI) substrates and connected to the metal lines of the backplane via the MEP contact (M‐CNT) hole. Subsequently, the nonconductive film (NCF) bonding and intense pulsed light sintering are performed using conductive ink. Conductive ink as the interconnect material capable of low‐temperature sintering is applied to avert thermal degradation and crack. At a high temperature (65 â„ƒ) and humidity (90% relative humidity), the contact resistance was a drivable level for the display after 240 h. The normalized strain in the M‐CNT hole and MEP area were less than 0.4, indicating the absence of cracks during the NCF bonding. These results demonstrated that the backside bonding method was suitable for extremely narrow bezels of the nextgeneration flexible displays.
50‐3: Invited Paper: An Active‐Matrix High‐Channel‐Count Neurostimulation System Enabled by Flexible Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Liu Bowen , Guo Taoming , Qin Yueshan , Hou Yangkun , Ma Hanbin , Jiang Chen
Published: July 2024

Advanced neurostimulation systems require intimate interface with brain or peripheral nervous system to provide a therapeutic modulation for patients experiencing neural function loss. To achieve these, it requires stimulators with high‐channel counts and mechanical flexibility. In this invited paper, we showed a 4T1C neurostimulation pixel circuit with an active‐matrix architecture, offering the opportunity for high‐channel counts. In addition, a 4‐mask photolithographic process for highly uniform organic thin‐film transistor (OTFT) integrated system was demonstrated for mechanical flexibility, which shows a high device yield of 100% (50/50) and small device variation in threshold voltage of 0.64 V and in mobility of 4.9%. By implementing OTFTs to this novel neurostimulation architecture, we fabricated an OTFT‐based high‐channel‐count neurostimulation system, showing a high stimulator yield of 71.0% and small variation of 15.6% for the output stimulation currents among pixels.
53‐1: Invited Paper: Deuteration of OLED Materials: Impact on Device Performance and Commercial Manufacturing
Authors: Montenegro Elvira , Ganss Stephanie , Bürger Marcel , Correia Camille , Lackner Aaron , Stolz Sebastian , Kröber Jonas , Hayer Anna , Engelhart Jens , Linge Rouven , Na Won-Kyung , Na Su-Hwan
Published: July 2024

Recently deuteration has become a key technology for enhancing lifetime of OLED materials without affecting other performance parameters like efficiency and voltage. Over the past years, we intensively investigated the impact of the deuteration degree and pattern on the device performance. The focus of our investigation was triplet matrix materials (TMMs) in the emissive layer and the electron‐blocking layer (EBL). In this paper, we will discuss various aspects of the deuteration of OLED materials: from driving further performance improvements to scale‐up processes.
53‐2: Invited Paper: Highly Efficient and Pure Blue Organic Light‐emitting Diodes using Boron Free Emitters
Authors: Kang Jihoon , Lee Ha Lim , Jeon Soon Ok , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: July 2024

The development of the ultrapure and highly efficient blue organic light‐emitting diodes is a very critical issue in the organic light‐emitting diodes. As an approach, boron‐nitrogen based multi‐resonance compounds have been developed. In this work, a new class of materials were designed and synthesized as the deep blue organic emitters for high efficiency organic light‐emitting diodes. Only carbon and nitrogen were used to design the materials to induce the multi‐resonance effect in the emitters. A deep blue color, a narrow emission spectrum and high efficiency by thermally activated delayed fluorescence were achieved using the new emitting materials.
55‐1: A Novel Modeling & Compensation Algorithm for Medium‐Term Image Sticking on AMOLED Display
Authors: Lin Xuan-Yong , Su Shang-Yu , Pai Feng-Ting , Lin Ching-Chun
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we discuss the different type of image sticking(IS) and propose a novel algorithm for improving medium‐term IS on AMOLED display. This method could not only solve the IS effect on traditional display but also the multi‐areas frame rate (MAFR) display.

For future OLED power‐saving applications, the application of MAFR becomes increasingly important. This involves categorizing the same display into high and low refresh rate zones based on display usage efficiency. When the display remains static for a period and then switches, the issue of display retention may arise. Our experimental results confirms that IS can be quantified into a model, and the algorithm is used for real‐time compensation to reduce the retention issues.
55‐4: Optical Measurement of Lateral Leakage for Compensation in OLED Displays: Experimental Investigation of Algorithmic Approach
Authors: Jang Byoung-Yoon , Na Se-Whan , Na Jong-Hee , Park Hyeon-Su , Lim Hyun-Wook
Published: July 2024

The lateral leakage current poses a challenge to achieving high color fidelity in high‐resolution OLED displays. We propose a method to extract a relative amount of leakage component by decomposing the chromaticity value measured by a display color analyzer with the luminance of red, green, and blue color without direct measurement of the leakage current. Through the use of optical measurement and a compensation algorithm, the lateral leakage components are eliminated from each original pixel's gray level, thereby achieving an exact luminance level. The experiment shows that the color accuracy is improved from 8.23 to 0.64 after compensation.
56‐1: Invited Paper: Mechanical Strength Improvement of Foldable Panel with COE
Authors: Fan Haoyuan , Yang Feng , Deng Minyang , Zhang Zerui , Lai Chunrong , Wang Yunzhi , Xiong Zhengping , Zhao Wuyang , Ma Dawei , Sun Fukun
Published: July 2024

It is significant to reduce power consumption and thickness of foldable display with larger size. Color filter on Encapsulation (COE), as one of the most critical technologies, has excellent performance in terms of power consumption and thinning. COE refers to the technical proposal replacing polarizer with color filter on the surface of encapsulation(COE). However, we have encountered two problems of reduced mechanical strength in the mass production. One of the problems is panel peeling in module process, and the other one is cracking during drop test. This paper has studied the root cause of COE panel strength reduction from panel design, process and material. As a result we achieved the same mechanical strength as polarizer panel.
56‐2: Study on Materials of Four‐edge Curved Polarizer
Authors: Yang Xuekai , Han Ziang , Cai Baoming , Li Zhao , Wang Haoran , Zhang Xiongnan , Du Shuang , Zhang Song , Shi Shiming , Wang Dawei
Published: July 2024

The traditional process can not fit the four‐edge curved polarizer. An integrated laminating process and new flexible material are used to laminate the four‐edge curved polarizer, and the laminating of the polarizer is realized without wrinkles, bubbles and cracks. Meanwhile, the appearance and optics can pass the reliability test.
56‐4: A Design of High‐Performance Touch Sensor Pattern for OLED On‐cell Structure
Authors: Nagata Kosuke , Hata Masayuki , Miyazaki Shinichi , Mayumi Masashi , Kira Takatoshi , Noma Mikihiro , Tanaka Tetsunori , Kanzaki Yosuke
Published: July 2024

We describe an OLED on‐cell structure touch panel, which is indispensable for flexible and foldable devices. Our unique sensor pattern design has realized high signal without affecting the reflection appearance. The signal is three times higher than that of conventional patterns, making it easy to tune and realize flexible and foldable devices with high operability.
57‐2: Invited Paper: Reproducible Characterization of Automotive Full Area Local Dimming (FALD) LCDs
Authors: Rotscholl Ingo , Schmidt Maxim , Ayasli Ramazan , Thiele Tanja , Schwanengel Christian , Blankenbach Karlheinz , Xu Chihao , Schaffer Donald
Published: July 2024

We research measurement conditions that allow omitting stray light blocking masks in camera‐based halo measurements of FALD LCDs. The stray light induced error is reduced by using high magnifications and stray light optimized hardware and test patterns. Our findings simplify halo measurements and enable simultaneous peak luminance and uniformity measurements.
57‐3: Driver's Attention Retargeting for Automotive Displays
Authors: Ryu Seungchul , Yoo Hyunjin , Lorchat Jean , Akhavan Tara
Published: July 2024

While driving, a driver often looks at the display for an emirror, front‐driving camera, rear‐view camera, and night‐vision camera, which may result in a potential safety issue. This paper proposes a retargeting method of driver's attention to important regions, thereby decreasing a potential driving safety issue. Specifically, the proposed method processes the input image to increase the driver's attention on more important regions while decreasing the attention on less important regions. The qualitative and quantitative evaluation proved the advantages and practicability of the proposed framework in retargeting the driver's attention to more important regions from less important regions.
58‐1: A Novel On‐line, Fast Color Correction by Machine Learnings
Authors: Pan Tzu-Lung , Chao Paul C.-P. , Nguyen Duc Huy , Lin Ching-Chun , Pai Feng-Ting , Tsai Yung-Cheng , Tsung Wan-Nung , Chang Yao-Jen
Published: July 2024

A new efficient color correction method, utilizing neural network models, is proposed by this study for OLED panels in production, offering a transformative approach to achieve accurate and rapid color calibration. Utilizing transfer learning with a limited dataset, it creates color conversion matrices for AI‐driven color correction. The process involves selecting a similar baseline model from prior batches with a ΔE00 below 1, then refining it using a representative dataset. This model corrects white point and overall color, achieving a ΔE00 less than 2. It corrects 300 data points in less than 4 seconds, demonstrating both speed and accuracy.
60‐5: Late‐News Paper: External Quantum Efficiency of All InGaN Polychromic MicroLEDs
Authors: Moran Brendan , Armitage Rob , Ren Zhongmin , Kim Hee Jin , Shchekin Oleg
Published: July 2024

This paper reports on the performance results including radiance, dominant wavelength, and forward voltage of monolithic MicroLEDs that can emit red, green, and blue light simultaneously and are thus described as polychromic. Further, flip chip devices have been fabricated to facilitate absolute EQE external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements. The peak EQE for a 20 × 17 µm device are 2.0 % in red, 14.2% in green, and 17.5% in blue.
61‐1: Invited Paper: Polaritonic OLEDs with Assistant Strong‐coupling Layers: A New Approach to Sub‐20nm Emission Linewidth in OLED Displays
Authors: Mischok Andreas , Hillebrandt Sabina , Kwon Seonil , Gather Malte C.
Published: July 2024

With ever more stringent color‐gamut requirements in displays (e.g., BT.2100), there is growing demand for OLEDs with narrowband emission. However, many efficient emitters reported to date show spectrally broad luminescence. Micro‐cavity OLEDs offer narrow linewidth but suffer from changes in spectrum with observation angle. To overcome these limitations, we hybridize microcavity and exciton states in an efficient OLED, thus creating strongly coupled polariton states that inherit the angle insensitivity of excitons and the narrow linewidth of the microcavity. Using assistant strong‐coupling layers located away from the recombination zone yields efficient OLEDs with FWHM <20 nm and angle shift <10 nm @60° tilt.
63‐1: Integrated Scan/Emission/Sweep Driver Circuit Based on CMOS LTPS TFTs for Micro‐LED Displays
Authors: Lee Han Cheol , Jung Eun Kyo , Im Hwarim , Kim Yong-Sang
Published: July 2024

We proposed a CMOS LTPS TFT‐based integrated driver circuit to generate the control signals for micro light‐emitting diode pixel circuits. The proposed circuit enables to generation of five output signals by sharing core logic without capacitors. We verified that the output signals remain stable through the simulation.
66‐3: Invited Paper: Standardizations of Ergonomics for Head Mounted Displays (HMDs)
Authors: Ujike Hiroyasu , Hyodo Kei , Tada Mitsunori , Watanabe Hiroshi
Published: July 2024

The recent main topics in ISO/TC159/SC 4/WG 2 and /WG12, which are in charge of display ergonomics in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), is ergonomics of head‐mounted displays (HMDs) realizing XR or Cross‐Reality, which has attracted attention in recent years. The paper overviews the major issues related to visual comfortability and Image Safety using HMDs, and reports on the key points for standardization to reduce VR sickness and to maintain comfortable viewing of 3D images.
66‐4: Invited Paper: Recent Updated Activities of the IEC TC 110 ‐ Following Expanding Electronic Display Applications ‐
Authors: Hyodo Kei , Yan Xiaolin , Shibahara Yoshihiko , Uehara Shin-ichi
Published: July 2024

With the burgeoning expansion of digital technologies, electronic displays are becoming increasingly prevalent in our daily lives. These displays are not limited to stationary ones like traditional TVs but have also found their way into mobile devices such as smartphones and wristwatches. To facilitate this significant shift, it is evident that substantial engineering efforts are necessary. However, equally crucial is the establishment of proper methods for measurement and evaluation. Without the development of such evaluation methods, technological progress would be hindered.
69‐3: A 6,000 nits Ultra‐high Brightness and Wide BT.2020 Color Gamut Wearable Tandem OLED Display
Authors: Zhang Lei , Xue Hao , Tan Mingxi , Liu Pei , Yang Holy , Tsou Carl
Published: July 2024

In this study, a wearable 1.64‐inch panel with 3‐stack RGB tandem OLED device structure is fabricated, which combined ultra‐high brightness of 6, 000 nits and 97.4% BT.2020 color gamut. As the panel is composed of 3‐stack tandem OLED structure, it also gains an long lifetime.
70‐1: A New Approach to High‐Resolution Light Field Display for Higher Realistic Expression
Authors: Kang Hoon , Park MyungSoo , Jang JuHoon , Kim DongYeon , Koo GyoHyun , Jung GyuSuk , Kim HeeCheol , Kim GiHong , Yang JoonYoung , Yoon SooYoung
Published: July 2024

We have developed a 31.5” Light Field Display with 3D resolution enhanced threefold compared to conventional design. This offers an approach that enables the realization of more realistic 3D images.
70‐2: Viewing Zone Enhancement of Coarse Integral Imaging Using Eye Tracking
Authors: Omori Hiroto , Kakeya Hideki
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes a method to expand the viewing zone in coarse integral imaging with small interleaved elemental lenses by utilizing eye‐tracking technology. The method involves generating elemental images based on the observer's viewing position, where the elemental images are shifted to follow the motion of the viewer.
71‐2: Distinguished Paper: 4,670‐PPI OLEDoS Pixel Circuit Design for Wide Data Voltage Range in a 5V 0.13μm CMOS Process
Authors: Shin Hyeon-Jun , Kim Yong-Duck , Kim San , Choi Byong-Deok
Published: July 2024

OLEDoS displays hold great promise for AR/VR applications, but the ultra‐high pixel density required for microdisplays, exceeding several thousand PPI, presents significant challenges for pixel circuit design. Above all, the maximum OLED current of each OLEDoS sub‐pixel is extremely low, on the order of several nanoamperes or less, resulting in a data voltage range narrower than a few hundred millivolts. Consequently, for example, when expressing 10‐bit grayscale, designing data driver circuits to divide the data voltage range into 1,024 levels becomes exceedingly challenging. Furthermore, circuit techniques that compensate for variations in transistor characteristics are nearly inapplicable due to the ultra‐small pixel area. This paper proposes a pixel circuit design method to expand the data voltage range for a 4,670‐PPI OLEDoS display while considering luminance uniformity. The effectiveness of the proposed pixel circuit was verified through measurements on 40×120 pixel arrays fabricated in a 5V 0.13μm CMOS process.
73‐1: Implementation of Eye‐Tracking Technology Based on Vehicle Glasses‐Free 3D Prism Display
Authors: Hua Jinhui , Wu Wei , Lai Xiaoyan , Wu Yaodong , Lu Feng , Lyu Bojia
Published: July 2024

With the continuous development of in‐car display applications, the demand for in‐car glasses‐free 3D display screens is gradually increasing. This article adopts a high‐resolution 4K display screen based on prism technology， and is equipped with a human eye tracking system implemented using a regular monocular camera. This configuration enables the in‐car instrument display to provide a high‐quality glasses‐free 3D display effect within a large visual range, addressing the limited viewing area issue associated with traditional glasses‐free 3D displays. Due to constraints in camera hardware conditions, we introduced a motion compensation and motion prediction algorithm. Through experimental validation, this algorithm significantly enhances the performance of human eye tracking using a regular camera. A comparison with traditional eye‐tracking methods demonstrates the substantial advantages of this algorithm in improving the performance of in‐car 3D display technology.
78‐3: A Tristimulus Electro‐optical Model Describing Interactions of a RGB Backlight Unit and an LC Panel
Authors: Ayasli Ramazan , Cirillo Maria Rosa , Xu Chihao
Published: July 2024

Describing the behavior of an RGB backlight is complex but crucial in applications as local dimming with a variable backlight color. A color model to describe the interaction of the spectral backlight composition and the LC panel is the scope of this paper. The output of the model extends the commonly used one‐dimensional luminance to three‐dimensional tristimulus. Such a model requires that the physical characteristics of the RGB BLU as well as the LC‐panel are considered. The input variables include beyond the RGB subpixel gray values also the three duty ratios for the RGB‐LEDs. The calculation of the XYZ coordinates of an LC pixel, while an RGB backlight is varied, may get feasible. Also, a method for parameter extraction will be shown.
79‐2: Peripheral Dimming Technique Depending on Field‐of‐View for Low‐Power Head‐Mounted Devices
Authors: Park Jeong-Soo , Jeong Won-Been , Lee Seung-Woo
Published: July 2024

We have proposed peripheral dimming technology that reduces the image brightness in peripheral area based on the human visual system. This study presents how peripheral dimming should be applied depending on the screen field of view (FoV) the user watches. Threshold conditions for peripheral dimming of various FoVs are derived through user study in an environment simulating virtual reality.
79‐4: Efficient Deep Learning‐based Backlight Extraction for Local Dimming Display
Authors: Chung Hanwook , Tarabay Nizar , Okon Alexandre , Yoo Hyunjin
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we introduce deep learning (DL)‐based backlight extraction methods for local dimming display. The main objective is to better handle the trade‐off between the displayed image quality and power consumption. To this end, we propose an enhanced power regularization. Moreover, we design a smaller model with reduced computational complexity and propose an efficient post‐processing for better generalization. Experimental results show that the proposed methods reduce power consumption while better maintaining the image quality than the selected benchmarks.
80‐2: Distinguished Paper: Mura‐free G8.5 220ppi Inkjet Printing Technology for QLED and OLED Display Panels
Authors: Yoshida Hidehiro , Nakatani Shuhei , Inoue Takashi , Yukiya Usui , Ohtsuka Futoshi
Published: July 2024

This paper reported on the development of a Mura‐free and high precise printing to realize high resolution QLED and OLED display panels with a G8.5 glass substrate. To realize Mura‐ free printing we developed the single‐path print line head and the new pixel volume adjustment system with a pixel volume variation of ±0.8%. And also, to realize high precise printing we developed the G8.5 table system that compensated for the drop position by changing the ejecting time of each nozzle. And verified a drop position accuracy of ±2.1μm. By combining these technologies, we achieved Mura‐free 220ppi printing on the G8.5 table.
80‐4: Highly Reliable, As‐Grown Crystalline InGaZnO TFTs by Spray Pyrolysis for Low‐Cost Manufacturing of High‐Resolution AMOLED Display
Authors: Bae Jinbaek , Ali Arqum , Islam Md Mobaidul , Jeong Myeonggi , Lee Junmi , Chang Yeoungjin , Jang Jin
Published: July 2024

We report a low‐cost method for growing highly‐oriented crystalline InGaZnO (C‐IGZO) for a high‐resolution, active‐matrix thin‐film transistor (TFT) backplane for organic light‐emitting diode displays using spray pyrolysis. The self‐aligned, coplanar oxide TFT with an as‐grown C‐IGZO channel layer demonstrates a threshold voltage of‐0.35 V, saturation mobility of 33.99 cm2 V‐1 s‐1 , and subthreshold swing of 0.15 Vdec‐1, with an on/off current ratio exceeding 108 . Moreover, the C‐IGZO TFT with a channel length of 1.16 μm exhibits excellent operational stability under bias temperature stress.
81‐1: Invited Paper: What Makes a Good Automotive Display and How MicroLEDs Will Improve Them Even Further
Authors: Drott Anton
Published: July 2024

Vehicle‐mounted displays are subject to some unique use‐cases and integration constraints that must be thoroughly considered during development to make the project successful, and the customer and end‐user pleased. This paper will touch upon some of the areas of automotive display engineering that deserves special attention. The automotive industry follows the development of MicroLED with excitement, as it holds promise of increased robustness and brightness, as well as new display types. This paper will examine some of the features that make MicroLED unique, the current state of research and its possible impact on the automotive industry.
82‐1: Distinguished Paper: Geometric Distortion on Video See‐Through Head‐Mounted Displays
Authors: Zhao Chumin , Beams Ryan
Published: July 2024

We evaluate the geometric distortion on video see‐through (VST) head‐mounted displays (HMDs) with single‐camera and dualcamera design. We present the experimental setup and metrology for geometric calibration and VST geometric distortion measurement. Physical geometric distortion is compared to the distortion of digital content on a VST HMD. We investigate the impacts of camera misalignment and depth distance on VST geometric distortion with angular‐based distortion correction.
83‐4: Invited Paper: Development of Polarization Volume Hologram Waveguide for Augmented Reality Smart Glasses
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Wang Junren , Han Zheyi , Huang Yuge , Wang Mengfei , Feng Xiayu , Lu Lu , Silverstein Barry
Published: July 2024

Polarization Volume Hologram (PVH) waveguide is an innovative liquid crystal‐based diffractive waveguide designed for augmented reality (AR) smart glasses, showcasing exceptional optical performance and simplified fabrication process. This presentation offers a comprehensive overview, including its working principles, advantages, performance optimization, process development, challenges and opportunities. The objective is to provide insights into PVH waveguide technology, from its inception to practical implementation.
84‐2: Invited Paper: High‐Resolution Additive Manufacturing in the Fabrication of Micro‐LED Displays
Authors: Granek Filip , Grądzka-Kurzaj Iwona , Gadzalińska Jolanta , Witczak Łukasz , Fiączyk Karolina , Kowalczewski Piotr
Published: July 2024

This paper demonstrates the use of Ultra‐Precise Dispensing, a high‐resolution additive manufacturing method, in the fabrication of Micro‐LED displays. We demonstrate advancements in achieving ultra‐small feature sizes, high aspect ratios, and the ability to print on complex substrates. The paper presents a number of use cases, such as interconnections on complex topographies, edge printing, microvias filling, and microbumps dispensing. It summarizes the relevance of this technology for Micro‐LED displays fabrication and discusses the prospective future developments in the field of additive manufacturing for display fabrication.
85‐3: Machine Learning Strategy Towards Inverse Design of Blue TADF Emitter: Training Excited State Properties Based on Density Functional Theory Calculations
Authors: Kim Hyun-Jung , Lee Junho , Choi Yeol Kyo , Lee Taeyang , Yang Joong-Hwan , Ko Sung Moon , Jeong Dae-Woong , Han Sehui , Min Jeongguk , Baek Ji-Ho , Lee Seok-Woo , Yang Joon-Young , Yoon Soo-Young
Published: July 2024

We introduce inverse design strategy utilizing machine learning (ML) models to discover efficient blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) organic emitter materials. Here, we leverage graph neural network (GNN) to predict the characteristic intrinsic materials properties of TADF such as excited state energy levels and their transition properties. The GNN model is trained based on density‐functional theory (DFT) calculation results to meet the TADF properties. We discuss consistency between experimental observation and ML predictions, and examined conditions for improving the accuracy of DFT calculations and ML models on top of it.
85‐4: Digital Chemistry, Data Processing, and Collaborative Ideation for Development of OLEDs
Authors: Abroshan Hadi , Kwak H. Shaun , Chandrasekaran Anand , Collins Eric , Winget Paul , Giesen David J. , Mustard Thomas J. , Liu Yun , Brown Christopher T. , Halls Mathew D.
Published: July 2024

Empowered by digital chemistry and informatics platforms, our study highlights the transformative impact of physics‐based simulation, machine learning, and data management in display industry R&D. This technology integration accelerates ideation and decision‐making, ensuring swift, accurate, and cost‐effective development for next‐generation display devices.
89‐1: Method for Characterizing Display Washout Performance
Authors: Li Shenping , Senaratne Wageesha , Joo Byung Yun , Touschner Jeff , Wood William A , Koch Karl , Hart Shandon D , Williams Ellen M Kosik , West James A
Published: July 2024

An approach was developed for high sensitivity characterization of the washout effect in display applications. The proposed measurement method and quantitative metric of washout are practical tools for the development of antiglare (AG) cover plates for display applications.
97‐2: Late‐News Paper: Development of High‐Mobility Indium‐rich IGZO TFT Device for IT OLED Display
Authors: Cho Hyun-Min , Ryoo Chang-Il , Yun Pil-Sang , Bae Jong-Uk , Park Yoo-Seok
Published: July 2024

High‐end MNT, NBPC OLED displays require high resolution and high‐speed driving characteristics. In addition, as an OLED backplane, a high mobility and excellent reliability characteristics of TFT are required. We have developed high mobility devices by using Indium (In‐) rich a‐IGZO. In the In‐rich a‐IGZO TFT process, a relatively large amount of oxygen is used compared to conventional a‐IGZO (In:Ga:Zn 1:1:1) in order to control the variation of the threshold voltage (VTH) caused by high carrier concentration. However, the increase in excess oxygen leads to a decrease in reliability, making it even more difficult to satisfy both VTH dispersion and reliability at the same time. We have developed a‐IGZO TFTs that have excellent reliability characteristics while satisfying VTH dispersion and mobility by controlling the vertical and lateral distribution of oxygen and hydrogen. Furthermore, it has been confirmed that the 27‐inch QHD OLED monitor, which incorporates high‐mobility a‐IGZO TFTs, satisfies the product reliability characteristics.
90‐3: Invited Paper: Ultra High PPI VR Display Devices
Authors: Xie Jianyun , Chen Yanqing , Fang Yezhou , Sun Jian , Tong Jie , Wang Ning , Liang Peng , Xue Hailin
Published: July 2024

In order to have a real‐world experience in the “METAVERSE”, an ultra‐high PPI device is urgently needed. In this paper, we proposed a 2117‐PPI Fast LCD Device with LTPO and Color Filter On Array (COA) technologies. We used real RGB with higher physical resolution instead of Sub Pixel Rendering (SPR) technology. We adopted the “Smart BM” technology to reduce the Screen Door Effect and the Electric Field Enhancement (EFE) technology to enhance the LC efficiency. We have developed the Planarization (PLN) Hole Filling (PHF) technology which can both increase LC efficiency and reduce the dark state light leakage. At the same time, we also used the “Smart BM” technology to improve CR.
92‐2: What Type of MicroLED: Flip Chip, Vertical, or Lateral?
Authors: Chaji Reza , Cheng Kevin , Zamani Hossein
Published: July 2024

MicroLED displays can enable new manufacturing processes where the race to larger substrates is not required, and it can be produced at different places, e.g. OEMs, vendors, hardware developers leading to the distributed supply chain.
94‐3: 60 kHz Ultrasonic Actuators for Animal‐Friendly Haptic Displays
Authors: Sung Seung Hyun , Kho Yu-Seon , Park Seungryull
Published: July 2024

Enhanced piezoelectric coefficient (d33) and mechanical quality factor (Qm) are prerequisite for high performance of resonant piezoelectric applications (e.g., ultrasound haptic displays). We present high performance piezoelectric actuators with a resonant frequency above 60 kHz beyond audible ranges for animals. The ultrasonic actuators provide sufficient tactile feedback with a high vibration displacement, which is superior to that of many state‐of‐the‐art commercial actuators without any visible damages in plastic organic light‐emitting diode (POLED) displays. Furthermore, the actuators can be assembled into an ultrasound loudspeaker, which could facilitate the directional private sound for high‐end automotive applications.
P‐11: High Mobility BCE Oxide TFT Technology for Demux Driving Notebook LCD
Authors: Yu Ming-Jiue , Ge Shi-Min , Cai Zhi-Hui , Wei-Wu  , Jiang Zhi-Xiong , Park David , Shan-Li  , Hsieh Zhong-Jing , Xiao Jun-Cheng
Published: July 2024

Ln‐IZO based target was employed to deposit as a channel layer in amorphous Ln‐In‐Zn‐O thin‐film transistors. Here, we use the carrier/barrier bilayer stacked AOS TFTs to improve the mobility and stability. High mobility Ln‐oxide is for better charge transport. The barrier layer is fine‐tuned for better reliability. After optimization of the stacked structure of the active layer and the parameters of the PV SiO2 layer, the devices exhibited superior electric properties. The device shows high mobility (35.4 cm2/Vs) and small voltage shifts (1.1/‐1.5 V) of PBTS (positive bias temperature stress) and NBTIS (negative bias temperature illumination stress). We fabricated a 14 inch notebook liquid crystal display (LCD) with the Demux 1:3 circuit design using the high performance bilayer stacked TFTs.
P‐15: The Back‐channel Effect in Low Temperature Poly‐Si Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Shen Ying , Liu Xiaojing , Guo Xiaoxiao , Zhang Weibin , Zhu Xiujian
Published: July 2024

This paper addresses the mechanism of the back‐channel effect on TFTs (Thin Film Transistors) and proposes novel methods for characterizing and improving the stability of driving TFT devices, including back‐channel and back‐voltage testing. In comparison to routine sticking image and negative bias temperature stress testing, our methods aim to minimize the impact of intrinsic material fluctuations, allowing for independent measurement of the back‐channel effect on TFT device electrical characteristics. We also offer an enhanced option (N2 Plasma treatment of PI surface), that have been used for better the performance of products.
P‐16: A Novel Driving Scheme to Achieve Low Frame Rate and Low Power Consumption with Narrow Border
Authors: Huiling Lu , Jintao Liu , Siming Hu , Yong Wu , Xiaoyu Gao
Published: July 2024

To improve the display effect at low illumination of low frame rate display, two sets of scan driving circuits must be adopted. Therefore, the border must be widened to place two sets of scan driving circuits and one set of emit circuits, which conflicts with the need of narrow border for AMOLED display. In this paper, a novel driving architecture that placed two set of circuits alternatively by one side is proposed to meet the low frame rate and narrow border at the same time.
P‐21: Post‐Annealing Optimization for Top‐Gate Amorphous In‐Ga‐Zn‐O Thin‐Film Transistors with Atomic‐Layer‐Deposited Ultrathin AlOx Dielectric
Authors: Li Jiye , Yang Huan , Li Xiao , Zhang Yuqing , Wang Xinwei , Lu Lei , Zhang Shengdong
Published: July 2024

The effects of post‐annealing on amorphous InGaZnO (a‐IGZO) TFTs with ultrathin atomic layer deposited (ALD) AlOxgate insulator (GI) were investigated. The non‐annealed devices exhibited uncontrollable gate leakage current while postannealing in either oxygen (O2) or nitrogen (N2) exhibited noticeable improvements. Optimizing O2‐annealed devices demonstrated the most optimal performance, including a low subthreshold swing of 61.6 mV/dec and a high on/off current ratio over 109. Capacitance‐voltage and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses further revealed the underlying mechanism of defect elimination at the AlOx/a‐IGZO interface.
P‐28: High‐speed Oscillator using Polycrystalline InGaO TFTs by Spray Pyrolysis on Polyimide Substrate for Flexible Electronics
Authors: Rabbi Md. Hasnat , Ali Arqum , Bae Jinbaek , Tooshil Abul , Park Chanju , Jang Jin
Published: July 2024

We demonstrate high‐performance coplanar thin film transistors (TFTs) on polyimide (PI) substrate, with very thin polycrystalline InGaO (poly‐IGO) thin films deposited by spray‐pyrolysis. The TFTs exhibit saturation mobility (µSAT) of ~39.25 ± 0.73 cm2 V−1 s−1, with excellent uniformity and stable bias stabilities (ΔVTH = +0.3 V for PBTS, ΔVTH = −0.3 V for NBTS). The 7‐stage ring oscillator made of the corresponding TFTs exhibits a very high oscillation frequency of 9.09 MHz at VDD of 15 V with ultra‐low propagation delay time of 7.86 ns/stage.
P‐29: A bias TFT with high photosensitive current for optical sensors
Authors: Xu Chuanxiang , Yao Qi , Zhang Jinchao , Qin Bin , Li Liuqing , Liu Liwei , Shu Shi , Liu Xinhua , Yuan Guangcai
Published: July 2024

A photosensitive TFT sensor called bias TFT fabricated using simple amorphous silicon process in this paper. The photosensitive current of bias TFT is linearly related to the brightness of the top light source and inversely proportional to the size of the bias region. The photosensitivity current can be up to 10E‐8 amperes under 100 nits illumination. Among four shapes of bias TFTs, L‐type TFTs have the highest photo current.
P‐30: Effect of High‐k Oxide Materials on Amorphous Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide (α‐IGZO) Channel in Top Gate Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Alshanbari Reem , Durnan Oliver , Guo Huaiqian , Eizenberg Moshe , Kymissis Ioannis
Published: July 2024

The gate dielectric plays a significant role in improving the electrical performance of field‐effect transistors. Here, we integrated high‐k and low‐k bilayer gate dielectrics with (~10 nm) α‐IGZO FETs. Our results show that HfO2/SiO2 gated devices provide high electron mobility due to higher carrier concentration and lower trap density at the semiconductor‐gate dielectric interface.
P‐31: Investigation on driving backboard of electronic paper based on low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon
Authors: Jin Yu , Fan Wenzhi , Xu Wenjie , Shen Ying , Xu Weiqi , Gao Xiaoyu , Zhou Zhiyi , Xu Lei , Xie Shuilin , Yu Dongliang , Cheng Feiyue , Xia Guijiao , Sun Jianqiu
Published: July 2024

In this work, we report a systematic investigation of low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS)‐based driving backboard of electronic paper. Firstly, LTPS‐based thin film transistors (TFTs) with extremely low off‐state leakage current at a large gate‐source voltage (VGS) of 30 V were obtained through detailed explorations of low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon technology. Meanwhile, the high on‐state current of LTPS‐TFTs also meet the requirements of fast signal writing to the storage capacitor due to their extremely high field‐effect mobility (~100 cm2 /V*s), making it possible to fabricate TFT devices with relatively small width/length ratios (W/L) to minimize feed‐through to the full extent.
P‐35: Evaluation of the Performance of Gaming Monitors and Visual Fatigue
Authors: Blankenbach Karlheinz , Bhatti Faraz
Published: July 2024

We evaluated the performance of three flat large‐sized gaming monitors with 35 subjects regarding the recognition of Landolt C with short visualization time and fast movement. A search task using circles in dark and bright conditions and visual fatigue. An OLED monitor performed significantly better than two LCDs.
P‐227: Late‐News Poster: Design Freeform Metagratings for Eye‐glow Attenuation in Diffractive AR Waveguides
Authors: Lin Chuan-En , Weng Chih-Wei , Hu Chao-Chang , Yu Peichen
Published: July 2024

We design and integrate free‐form metagratings with irregular nanoscale patterns into diffractive augmented reality (AR) waveguides to achieve simultaneous improvements in eye‐glow attenuation and outcoupling efficiency. The freeform metagrating demonstrates over 40% reduction in eye‐glow while enhancing outcoupling efficiency by 8% compared to the conventional binary grating.
P‐228: Late‐News Poster: Color Uniformity Optimization for MR Display Based on Volume Holographic Light Guide
Authors: Yang Tsung-Hsun , Su Wei-Chia , Lin Shiuan-Huei , Lin Wen-Kai , Wu Chi-Shou , Zhou Shao-Kui , Sun Ching-Cherng
Published: July 2024

We designed a color MR display based on a dual‐layers volume holographic light guide. The field of view can achieve 50 degrees. Each VHOEs as the in‐coupler and out‐coupler was produced with wavelength multiplexing process. Furthermore, we proposed the method to enhance the color uniformity by optimizing the light source.