bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lesson learned from the pandemic for learning physics
Authors: Al‐Zohbi Gaydaa , Pilotti Maura A. E. , Barghout Kamal , Elmoussa Omar , Abdelsalam Hanadi
Published: December 2022

Background

Valuable safeguards against fast‐spreading conjectures about learning in times of fear and uncertainty are evidence‐based approaches to the assessment of the impact of sudden and unforeseen disruptions on learning practices. The present research focused on physics learning in such times because conceptual and computational literacy in physics is critical to the development of a scientifically and technologically literate society.

Objectives

The present research aimed (a) to offer an objective assessment of whether performance differences in a physics course of the general education curriculum existed between the face‐to‐face medium (familiar mode of instruction) and the online medium (unfamiliar mode of instruction) for both male and female students, and then (b) to develop a response to the evidence collected to ensure a quality education for all parties involved. The research intended to fill two critical gaps in the extant literature: mixed findings concerning students' performance in the face‐to‐face and online mediums as well as scarce coverage of specific domains of knowledge that are critical to STEM learners.

Methods

Students' performance was examined as a function of the type of assessment (formative and summative), instructional mode (online and face‐to‐face), and gender. An understudied student population of STEM students of Middle Eastern descent without prior formal exposure to online instruction was targeted.

Results and Conclusions

In both formative and summative assessments, male students performed better online than face‐to‐face, whereas the performance of female students was either higher online or equivalent between instructional mediums. The evidence collected suggested that consideration be given to remedies that foster academic success in the face‐to‐face instructional medium, particularly for male students.

Takeaways

An evidence‐based approach to learning dismantled emotion‐driven expectations regarding the impact of the online medium on physics learning, and encouraged new perspectives about instruction.
Measuring the Uncertainty of Imputed Scores
Authors: Sinharay Sandip
Published: December 2022

Technical difficulties and other unforeseen events occasionally lead to incomplete data on educational tests, which necessitates the reporting of imputed scores to some examinees. While there exist several approaches for reporting imputed scores, there is a lack of any guidance on the reporting of the uncertainty of imputed scores. In this paper, several approaches are suggested for quantifying the uncertainty of imputed scores using measures that are similar in spirit to estimates of reliability and standard error of measurement. A simulation study is performed to examine the properties of the approaches. The approaches are then applied to data from a state test on which some examinees' scores had to be imputed following computer problems. Several recommendations are made for practice.
A systematic review of measurement methods used to estimate fluid and beverage intake in free‐living, working‐age adults
Authors: Rogerson Georgia , Whelan Megan , Gibson Rachel
Published: December 2022

Background

Beverage intake in employees is important to quantify due to the potential of dehydration to increase the risk of errors and reduced work performance. This systematic review aimed to (1) characterise existing fluid intake measurement tools used in the workplace setting or among free‐living, healthy adults of working age and (2) report the current validation status of available assessment tools for use in a UK setting.

Methods

Three electronic databases were searched for publications measuring beverage intake using a defined tool or method. Additional studies were identified by hand from trial registers, grey literature and reference lists. Eligibility was determined using predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Study quality was assessed using a modified Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology framework. Narrative synthesis was performed.

Results

The review identified 105 studies. The most frequently reported beverage assessment methods were total diet diaries/records (n = 22), fluid specific diaries/records (n = 18), food and fluid frequency questionnaires (n = 17), beverage‐specific frequency questionnaires (n = 23) and diet recalls (n = 11). General dietary measurement tools (measuring beverages as part of total diet) were used in 60 studies, and 45 studies used a beverage‐specific tool. This review identified 18 distinct dietary assessment tools, of which 6 were fluid/beverage specific. Twelve tools published relative validity for a beverage‐related variable and seven tools for total daily fluid intake (from whole diet or from beverages only).

Conclusions

Several fluid intake assessment tools were identified; however, few have been fully evaluated for total beverage intake, and none in a UK working population.
Extending the diversity conversation: Fashion consumption experiences of underrepresented and underserved women
Authors: Cavusoglu Lena , Atik Deniz
Published: December 2022

This research brings in the voice of underserved and underrepresented women of various racial or ethnic origins and social classes, who have differing buying powers, sexual orientations, body shapes, and physical appearances, into the conversation of fashion diversity. Through a qualitative inquiry with 38 semi‐structured in‐depth interviews, the researchers analyzed the consumption experiences of diverse women to expose what the fashion scene is lacking. The study's main contribution is the depiction of overlooked diversity categories in fashion, such as the non‐White and non‐Black women of color, women of average sizes, and women with characteristics that the fashion industry has long seen as flaws. For women's physical and psychological well‐being, the authors of this study hope to lead fashion producers and researchers into a new era of diversity and minimize certain consumer groups' exclusion through discrimination, isolation, and segregation.
Conceptualizing maternal and paternal autonomy support and control among adolescents in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Tracy K. Y. , Konishi Chiaki , Liu Xuedi
Published: December 2022

This study examined how parental autonomy support and control are conceptualized by adolescents in Hong Kong (Grades 7–11) using the Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale. Competitive models were evaluated using confirmatory factor analyses. Although the 6‐factor model demonstrated the best fit, further analyses indicated that a second‐order structure was more appropriate. Provision of choice, acknowledgment of child's feelings, rationale for rules, and demands subsumed under autonomy support. Guilt‐inducing criticisms and the use of threats subsumed under control. Performance pressure emerged as a first‐order construct on its own. Measurement invariance was evident across adolescent gender and age. All subscales had adequate to strong reliability. Discriminate validity was evident. Findings offer insights into the conceptualization of autonomy support and control in Hong Kong.
Boosting Bilingual Metalinguistic Awareness Under Dual Language Activation: Some Implications for Bilingual Education
Authors: Torregrossa Jacopo , Eisenbeiß Sonja , Bongartz Christiane
Published: December 2022

Most studies on bilingual children's metalinguistic awareness assess metalinguistic awareness using monolingual tasks. This may not reflect how a bilingual's languages dynamically interact with each other in creating metalinguistic representations. We tested 33 Greek–Italian bilingual children (8–11 years) for metalinguistic awareness using acceptability‐rating tasks in which they had to judge and explain grammatical errors. The tasks were in monolingual and bilingual modes in order to show how far metalinguistic awareness in Italian benefited from the activation of Greek. The participants exhibited better metalinguistic awareness abilities in Italian in the bilingual acceptability‐rating task in which Greek was activated. The benefits of the bilingual mode were visible in the judgment and explanation of errors and were modulated by syntactic processing abilities in Italian, length of exposure to Italian, type of structure, and age. The results show that metalinguistic awareness can be shared across languages. We discuss the pedagogical implications of our findings.
The role of opioid transmission in music‐induced pleasure
Authors: Mas‐Herrero Ernest , Ferreri Laura , Cardona Gemma , Zatorre Robert J. , Pla‐Juncà Francesc , Antonijoan Rosa María , Riba Jordi , Valle Marta , Rodriguez‐Fornells Antoni
Published: December 2022

Studies conducted in rodents indicate a crucial role of the opioid circuit in mediating objective hedonic reactions to primary rewards. However, it remains unclear whether opioid transmission is also essential to experience pleasure with more abstract rewards, such as music. We addressed this question using a double‐blind within‐subject pharmacological design in which opioid levels were up‐ and downregulated by administering an opioid agonist (oxycodone) and antagonist (naltrexone), respectively, before healthy participants (n = 21) listened to music. Participants also performed a monetary incentive delay (MID) task to control for the effectiveness of the treatment and the specificity of the effects. Our results revealed that the pharmacological intervention did not modulate subjective reports of pleasure, nor the occurrence of chills. On the contrary, psychophysiological (objective) measures of emotional arousal, such as skin conductance responses (SCRs), were bidirectionally modulated in both the music and MID tasks. This modulation specifically occurred during reward consumption, with greater pleasure‐related SCR following oxycodone than naltrexone. These findings indicate that opioid transmission does not modulate subjective evaluations but rather affects objective reward‐related psychophysiological responses. These findings raise new caveats about the role of the opioidergic system in the modulation of pleasure for more abstract or cognitive forms of rewarding experiences, such as music.
Intramedullary Nail for Treatment of Proximal Humeral Fracture: A Credible Fixation in Comminuted Calcar
Authors: Fu Huichao , Wu Jianhong , Wu Xiaoming
Published: December 2022

Objective

Restoration of the medial support is especially important for the treatment of proximal humeral fractures. The objective of this study was to investigate the radiographic and clinical outcomes of intramedullary nail fixation with a special focus on the presence of calcar comminution.

Methods

In this retrospective study of patients with displaced proximal humeral fractures that were treated by intramedullary nail between January 2018 and July 2021, fracture morphology and the calcar integrity were noted on preoperative radiographs. Patients were divided into two groups according to calcar integrity. During follow‐up, radiological assessment and functional outcome, including the deltoid tuberosity index (DTI), neck shaft angle (NSA), visual analog scale (VAS), the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, the Simple Shoulder Test (SST) score, active and passive range of motion, were performed. A Student t‐test and univariate logistic regression analysis was used.

Results

A total of 83 patients (54 female, 29 male) had complete follow‐up (average, 12.8 months; range, 10 to 33 months) and functional assessment in our study. The average age was 58.6 years (range, 20 to 89 years). The mean loss of NSA was 4° (range, 0°–12°) and no significant difference was found between two groups (p = 0.27). DTI had an average of 1.50 ± 0.19 (range 1.13–2.04). Patients with intact calcar achieved greater range of forward elevation (129.06 ± 11.91 vs. 121.05 ± 11.97, p = 0.01), and higher SST scores (8.61 ± 1.85 vs. 7.37 ± 2.22, p = 0.02). Two groups showed similar outcomes in VAS, ASES score, and range of abduction. One patient demonstrated a proximal interlocking screw cutting through and osteonecrosis of the humeral head, who underwent a second surgery for screw removal. There were no cases of infection, malunion, nonunion, nerve injury, subacromial impingement, or rotator cuff tear during the study period.

Conclusion

Intramedullary nail can favorably be used to manage proximal humeral fractures with good early radiographic and functional outcomes, even for those with comminuted calcar.
Comparative Study between Caspar Cervical Retractor System and Traditional S Retractor in Application on Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fixation
Authors: Wang Lianlei , Qiu Cheng , Tian Yonghao , Su Junxiao , Li Hao , Ma Zhihao , Yuan Suomao , Liu Xinyu
Published: December 2022

Objective

Although Caspar cervical retractor system (CCRS) is commonly utilized in anterior cervical decompression and fixation (ACDF), most urban hospitals still use both traditional S retractor and CCRS in conventional anterior cervical surgeries. Related data to evaluate the effect are required to be reported. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy between using the traditional cervical S retractor and CCRS in anterior cervical decompression and fixation ACDF.

Methods

The retrospective study that total 360 patients received ACDF using different retractors (traditional S retractor or CCRS) were enrolled in this study from January 2010 to January 2020. Width change rate of cervical prevertebral soft tissue, throat symptoms, and subjective experiences of the operating surgeons were evaluated by t‐test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) respectively.

Results

The width change rate of prevertebral soft tissue was significantly higher in the S retractor group than that of the CCRS group both in single segment group (40.9% vs 20.8%, P < 0.05) and double segments group (45.8% vs 25.2%; p < 0.05). In the three segments group, the width change rate of prevertebral soft tissue was higher in the S retractor group than that of the CCRS group, but with no statistical significance (27.3% vs 23.6%; P > 0.05). The incidence rates of dysphagia, dyspnea, and throat discomfort in the traditional S retractor group were significantly higher compared to the CCRS group (P < 0.05), while satisfactory rate of surgeon was higher in the CCRS group (P < 0.05). However, there was no correlation between anterior soft tissue rate and operative time (P > 0.05), as well as the width change rate of anterior soft tissue and the DNRS score (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

CCRS was superior compared to the traditional S retractor in reducing the postoperative complications and the postoperative fatigue of surgeon. Meanwhile, the width change rate of prevertebral soft tissue was not related to operative time and DNRS score.
Designed networks and the emergence of self‐organizing interlocal learning network: Evidence from Chinese cities
Authors: Yi Hongtao , Liu Weixing , Ma Liang
Published: December 2022

Self‐organizing networks and designed networks are important subjects of network research, but the extant literature explores them in isolation, with limited attention paid to their relationship. And many studies on self‐organizing and designed networks are based on Western contexts. This article expands the network literature through analyzing the influence of designed networks on the formation of self‐organizing interlocal learning network in the context of China. Based on the interlocal learning network of 21 cities in Guangdong province from 2015 to 2018, we find that the connections embedded in the designed networks; including counterpart‐assistance network and leadership transfer network, significantly facilitate the emergence of self‐organizing networks. The findings contribute to the literature by corroborating the nuanced influences of designed networks on self‐organizing network formation.
From big data to higher bureaucratic capacity: Poverty alleviation in China
Authors: Zhu Jiangnan , Xiao Hanyu , Wu Bin
Published: December 2022

This study explores how big data technologies can create an “information commons” shared by all policy stakeholders to alleviate the corruption and information asymmetries long endemic to poverty alleviation programs. We argue that the information commons can transform discrete data first into information with clear policy purposes and then into actionable knowledge. This process increases bureaucratic competence by improving policy accuracy and the efficiency of bureaucratic coordination and augments bureaucratic reliability by facilitating the investigation and prevention of corruption. We substantiate our propositions through extensive field interviews with officials and citizens in a Chinese province that is using China's first monitoring platform powered by big data technology to implement anti‐poverty policies. Our study illustrates the importance of data–information–knowledge chains in improving governance.
Aggressions and associations: How workplace violence affects what public employees think of citizens
Authors: Liegat Marlen C. , Hensel David , Vogel Dominik , Vogel Rick
Published: December 2022

Scholars have recently spent growing attention to what public employees think of citizens, which influences policy implementation through more manifest attitudes and behaviors. The origins of employees' positive and negative associations with citizens have, however, not been examined thus far. This study draws attention to workplace aggression as critical incidents in state‐citizen encounters and examines the traces they leave in employees' subsequent thinking about citizens. Building on social cognition and affective events theory, we hypothesize that the more severe the aggressive incidents have been, the more negative employees' associations with citizens become. Results of a free association task confirm this assumption. Type of work and the gender of the employees moderate the relationship between aggressions and associations. The findings raise awareness for the significance of workplace aggression and provide an outline and agenda of a socio‐cognitive theory of public employees' associative thinking about citizens.
Symmetric relations, symmetric theories, and Pythagrapheanism
Authors: Button Tim
Published: December 2022

It is a metaphysical orthodoxy that interesting non‐symmetric relations cannot be reduced to symmetric ones. This orthodoxy is wrong. I show this by exploring the expressive power of symmetric theories, i.e. theories which use only symmetric predicates. Such theories are powerful enough to raise the possibility of Pythagrapheanism, i.e. the possibility that the world is just a vast, unlabelled, undirected graph.
Quantitative risk assessment‐epidemic curve prediction model for leafy green outbreak investigation
Authors: Pang Hao , Pouillot Régis , Van Doren Jane M.
Published: December 2022

The objective of this study was to leverage quantitative risk assessment to investigate possible root cause(s) of foodborne illness outbreaks related to Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 (STEC O157) infections in leafy greens in the United States. To this end, we developed the FDA leafy green quantitative risk assessment epidemic curve prediction model (FDA‐LG QRA‐EC) that simulated the lettuce supply chain. The model was used to predict the number of reported illnesses and the epidemic curve associated with lettuce contaminated with STEC O157 for a wide range of scenarios representing various contamination conditions and facility processing/sanitation practices. Model predictions were generated for fresh‐cut and whole lettuce, quantifying the differing impacts of facility processing and home preparation on predicted illnesses. Our model revealed that the timespan (i.e., number of days with at least one reported illness) and the peak (i.e., day with the most predicted number of reported illnesses) of the epidemic curve of a STEC O157‐lettuce outbreak were not strongly influenced by facility processing/sanitation practices and were indications of contamination pattern among incoming lettuce batches received by the facility or distribution center. Through comparisons with observed number of illnesses from recent STEC O157‐lettuce outbreaks, the model identified contamination conditions on incoming lettuce heads that could result in an outbreak of similar size, which can be used to narrow down potential root cause hypotheses.
Effect of two eccentric hamstring exercises on muscle architectural characteristics assessed with diffusion tensor MRI
Authors: Suskens Jozef J. M. , Secondulfo Laura , Kiliç Özgür , Hooijmans Melissa T. , Reurink Gustaaf , Froeling Martijn , Nederveen Aart J. , Strijkers Gustav J. , Tol Johannes L.
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the effect of a Nordic hamstring exercise or Diver hamstring exercise intervention on biceps femoris long head, semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscle's fascicle length and orientation through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods

In this three‐arm, single‐center, randomized controlled trial, injury‐free male basketball players were randomly assigned to a Nordic, Diver hamstring exercise intervention or control group. The primary outcome was the DTI‐derived fascicle length and orientation of muscles over 12 weeks.

Results

Fifty‐three participants were included for analysis (mean age 22 ± 7 years). Fascicle length in the semitendinosus over 12 weeks significantly increased in the Nordic‐group (mean [M]: 20.8 mm, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 7.8 to 33.8) compared with the Control‐group (M: 0.9 mm, 95% CI: −7.1 to 8.9), mean between‐groups difference: 19.9 mm, 95% CI: 1.9 to 37.9, p = 0.026. Fascicle orientation in the biceps femoris long head over 12 weeks significantly decreased in the Diver‐group (mean: ‐2.6°, 95% CI: −4.1 to −1.0) compared with the Control‐group (mean: −0.2°, 95% CI: −1.4 to 1.0), mean between‐groups difference: ‐2.4°, 95% CI: −4.7 to −0.1, p = 0.039.

Conclusion

The Nordic hamstring exercise intervention did significantly increase the fascicle length of the semitendinosus and the Diver hamstring exercise intervention did significantly change the orientation of fascicles of the biceps femoris long head. As both exercises are complementary to each other, the combination is relevant for preventing hamstring injuries.
Decolonizing Sociology Through Collaboration, Co‐Learning and Action: A Case for Participatory Action Research1
Authors: Fahlberg Anjuli
Published: December 2022

Despite important efforts by postcolonial scholars to “decolonize” sociology, this endeavor remains limited by the scaffolding of empirical research, or the institutionalized practices and beliefs embedded within data collection and researchers' relationship to research subjects. In its current form, this scaffolding excludes “subaltern” voices from critiquing and extending sociological theory, deriving benefits from the study, or informing social actions that stem from the research. This limits the field's understanding of the multi‐faceted impacts of colonialism and retrenches inequalities between scholars and participants. Participatory Action Research (PAR) offers an alternative, decolonial infrastructure. PAR acknowledges the value of knowledge from the periphery and calls for (1) the participation of marginalized research populations in each step of the research process; (2) co‐learning between researchers and participants; and (3) collaborative social action that centers the needs of marginalized research populations. Drawing on a case study of PAR in Rio de Janeiro, I demonstrate how PAR allows sociologists, in partnership with historically colonized groups, to decolonize sociology not only in theory, but in the concrete practices of empirical research.
Tuberculosis treatment without rifampin in kidney/kidney–pancreas transplantation: A case series report
Authors: Radisic Marcelo Victor , Pujato Natalia Rosana , Bravo Pablo Martin , del Grosso Roxana Constanza , Hunter Martin , Beltramino Santiago , Linares González Laura , Cornet María Lucía , del Carmen Rial Maria , Franzini Rosa Livia , Dotta Ana C. , León Luis Roberto , Walther Javier , Uva Pablo Daniel , Werber Gustavo
Published: December 2022

Background

The best approach to tuberculosis (TB) treatment in transplanted patients is still unknown. Current guidelines are based on evidence either extrapolated from other populations or observational. Rifampin‐containing regimens have strong pharmacokinetic interactions with immunosuppressive regimens, with high rates of organ dysfunction and ∼20% mortality. This report describes the results obtained using non‐rifampin‐containing regimens to treat confirmed TB in adult patients with kidney/kidney–pancreas transplantation.

Methods

Retrospective data analysis from confirmed TB cases in adult kidney/kidney–pancreas transplant recipients (2006–2019), treated “de novo” with non‐rifampin‐containing regimens.

Results

Fifty‐seven patients had confirmed TB. Thirty patients were treated “de novo” with non‐rifampin‐containing regimens. These patients’ mean age was 49.24 (±11.50) years. Induction immunosuppression was used in 22 patients. Maintenance immunosuppression was tacrolimus–mycophenolate–steroids in 13 (43%), sirolimus–mycophenolate–steroids in 6 (20%), and other immunosuppressive regimens in 11 (36%). Belatacept was used in four patients. TB localizations: pulmonary 43%; disseminated 23%; extrapulmonary 33%. Twenty‐seven (90%) patients completed treatment with isoniazid, ethambutol, and levofloxacin (12 months, 23; 9 months, 3; 6 months, 1); 12 of these patients also received pyrazinamide for the first 2 months and were cured with functioning grafts. One patient (3%) lost the graft while on treatment. Two patients (7%) died while on TB treatment. Median (range) follow‐up after completion of TB treatment was 32 (8–150) months. No TB relapses were observed.

Conclusions

Results with non‐rifampin‐containing TB treatments in this case series were better (in terms of mortality and graft dysfunction) than those previously described with rifampin‐containing regimens in transplanted patients.

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Evaluating artificial intelligence algorithms for use in veterinary radiology
Authors: Joslyn Steve , Alexander Kate
Published: December 2022

Artificial intelligence is increasingly being used for applications in veterinary radiology, including detection of abnormalities and automated measurements. Unlike human radiology, there is no formal regulation or validation of AI algorithms for veterinary medicine and both general practitioner and specialist veterinarians must rely on their own judgment when deciding whether or not to incorporate AI algorithms to aid their clinical decision‐making. The benefits and challenges to developing clinically useful and diagnostically accurate AI algorithms are discussed. Considerations for the development of AI research projects are also addressed. A framework is suggested to help veterinarians, in both research and clinical practice contexts, assess AI algorithms for veterinary radiology.
Interdisciplinary collaboration: Data scientists and radiologists
Authors: Wilson Diane
Published: December 2022

Interdisciplinary collaboration has become sought after by most institutions and corporations over the past few decades. This type of collaboration has grown exponentially since the advent of the internet and the information age. With the wave of interest to develop machine learning for the interpretation of diagnostic images it has become necessary for data scientists and radiologists to communicate through interdisciplinary research and collaboration. Such communication requires careful navigation for productive and meaningful outcomes. This article seeks to offer an overview of some previous literature discussing the best practices when forming interdisciplinary collaborative teams, explore some of the communication similarities and differences between the radiologist and data scientist disciplines, share some examples where pitfalls have caused confusion or frustration and re‐work, and also to convey that, through trust, listening skills and knowing one's limitations, much can be learned and accomplished when working together.
STRESS ANALYSIS OF TEETH, PERIODONTAL TISSUES, AND MAXILLA BONES DUE TO BRUXISM
Authors: Wicaksono Satrio , Mahyuddin Andi Isra , Miranda Aldilla , Dirgantara Tatacipta , Rusminah Nunung
Published: December 2022

This paper investigates the stress distribution on the teeth and jaw during bruxism that may provide additional insights to the consequences of bruxism, splint design considerations, a basis for possible therapy protocols, and a baseline for future bruxism studies. A three-dimensional (3D) solid model of a complete jaw comprised of teeth, periodontal ligaments, and maxilla bone is reconstructed based on a Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scan of a patient. A finite element model of the jaw is then constructed using the geometry imported from the solid model that has been reworked to remove imperfections during reconstruction and to allow proper contact between teeth. A linear elastic finite element analyses were then performed to simulate the bruxism phenomenon which includes biting and grinding. Numerical analysis is conducted only to the maxilla, with forces are placed on the teeth’s surface where contact occurs. The analysis is conducted for all stages of bruxism and possible movements patterns. Results suggest that high stresses occur during grinding, indicating a strong correlation between bruxism and dental issues such as tooth wear and alveolar resorption.
REDUCTION OF PAPR USING ASYMMETRIC NUMERAL SYSTEM QC-LDPC WITH HUFFMAN AND ARITHMETIC CODING FOR F-OFDMA SYSTEM
Authors: Idris Azlina , Arham Nurul Famyza , Sulong Siti Maisurah , Meri Mashira , Abdul Rahman Siti Husna
Published: December 2022

As modern wireless communication systems move towards 5G implementation, the system must provide sophisticated and ubiquitous service and flexibility. Therefore, Filtered Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (F-OFDMA) is one of the most suitable modulation techniques used in 5G systems to achieve efficient and reliable wireless communication.  Other than that, F-OFDMA also has good quality rather than OFDM since it provides a better result of high side lobes and enlarges the scale of the spectrum analyzer. However, one of the significant problems in the F-OFDMA system is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), affecting the system's overall performance and causing high transmit power at the transmitter. In this paper, combination of Arithmetic Coding (AC) and Huffman coding (HC) with Asymmetric Numeral Systems (ANS) provide better performance for PAPR as well as bit error rate (BER) in F-OFDMA. Both AC and HC are proposed to combine with ANS and Quasi-Cyclic Low-Density Parity Check (QC-LDPC) since it provides a good result to defeat the high PAPR. BER and PAPR performance were compared for the AC and HC with ANS QC-LDPC. Based on the results, ANS-AC-QCLDPC proved as the best joint method has 35.25% improvement for PAPR while BER has 89.87%. This research also justified that ANS with Arithmetic-QCLDPC and Huffman-QCLDPC give better BER results as well.
City Business Taxes and Retail Firm Relocation Decisions
Authors: Swenson Charles
Published: December 2022

There is very little literature on the impact of city taxes on firm relocation decisions. Using an ordered probit econometric model of selection, a national sample of U.S. retail establishments, and data on the existence of city business taxes for the largest 800 cities, I find that establishments are less likely to move to cities with a city business tax, and are more likely to move from cities having such a tax. Specifically, after controlling for other factors, I find that establishments are 30.4 percent less likely to move to a city having a city business tax, and are 22.5 percent more likely to move out of a city having such a tax. The results are consistent across econometric models. The paper contributes to the general literature on firm relocations, and to the literature on the impacts of local taxes. Future research on the impact of city taxes on the relocation decisions of other types of firms is called for.
Isothermal Pressure Drop for Two-Phase Two-Component Flow in a Horizontal Pipe
Authors: Martinelli R. C. , Boelter L. M. K. , Taylor T. H. M. , Thomsen E. G. , Morrin E. H.
Published: December 2022

The static pressure drop accompanying the isothermal two-phase two-component flow of air and eight various liquids, including benzene, water, and S.A.E. 40 oil, was measured for flow conditions varying from all air to all liquid in a 1-in. glass pipe and a ½-in. galvanized-iron pipe. The flow patterns existing at the various flow rates were studied visually and photographically. A macroscopic analysis of the flow phenomenon is presented, which allows the prediction of two-phase two-component static pressure drop under certain flow conditions. The application of the proposed method to the prediction of pressure drop along a pipe in which a fluid is evaporating is tentatively outlined.
Laboratory and Field Tests on Coal-in-Oil Fuels
Authors: Barkley J. F. , Hersberger A. B. , Burdick L. R.
Published: December 2022

It has been determined from extensive laboratory and field tests on the stability of coal suspensions in fuel oil that each installation must be given individual consideration if satisfactory results are to be obtained. However, no particular difficulty in devising equipment or operating routine for efficient use need be experienced. A sufficiently stable suspension of coal in oil for practical purposes can be prepared by dispersing 40 per cent coal by weight ground from 98 to 99 per cent through a 230-mesh screen in heavy fuel oil. Careful control of storage and handling temperatures is required for most successful operation. Combustion efficiency is likely to be slightly less than that of fuel oil. The best opportunity for the successful use of coal-in-oil suspension is in the larger plants with better operating personnel and more readily accessible equipment.
High-Temperature-Steam Corrosion Studies at Detroit
Authors: Rohrig I. A. , Van Duzer R. M. , Fellows C. H.
Published: December 2022

A program was undertaken by The Detroit Edison Company to determine the rate of corrosion and the relative corrosion resistance in an unstressed condition of various materials that could be used in the construction of steam generators, piping, and turbines. Specimens were exposed in a steam atmosphere at 380 psi and at temperatures of 925 F and 1100 F. The investigation required 5 years for completion; during that time 46 different materials were studied, including nickel, nickel-copper alloys, chromium and chromium-nickel stainless steels, medium- and low-alloy steels, carbon steels, and alloy cast iron. The tests were conducted under plant-operating conditions, and samples were exposed in superheated station steam for periods ranging from 4000 to 16,000 hr. Weight-loss, hardness, and metallographic data were obtained after successive exposure periods for many of the samples. Trends in the corrosion rate were plotted for some of the materials. The test results, reported in this paper, indicate that the weight loss of plain-carbon steel exposed to 1100 F steam continues at a high rate, whereas the rate of loss of the alloyed materials decreases with time. The high chromium-nickel and the 12-chromium stainless steels were the most corrosion-resistant. The corrosion rate of 0.50 molybdenum and 1.0 chromium steels compared favorably with that of steels containing 5 chromium. Nonferrous materials were not as corrosion-resistant in high-temperature steam as the high-alloy ferrous materials. Materials which corroded rapidly at 1100 F corroded only slightly at 925 F, and at this lower temperature there was little difference between the rate of corrosion of plain carbon and alloy steels.
A New Approach to the Problem of Conditioning Water for Steam Generation
Authors: Hall R. E.
Published: December 2022

Modern boilers, because of their high operating pressures and ratings, and their high rates of heat adsorption, intensify the problems associated with the continuous operation which is of such critical importance in our vast productive program. For instance, actual consumption of the boiler tubes by the high-pressure boiler water must be continuously guarded against. Destructive boiler scale such as that composed of sodium silicate, sodium-aluminum and sodium-iron silicates, sodium sulphate and sodium phosphate, must not be permitted to form. The boilers must not fill up with sludge, and the turbines must be kept free of deposits on their intricate blading. Suspecting that sodium for a number of reasons is of destructive influence in the boiler water, the author has initiated building boiler waters on a potassium basis, with affirmative results that are set forth in this paper.

Starting with substitution in the boiler water of potassium for the universal sodium equilibrium, the author has been led to give consideration to the problems of “hide-out” of boiler-water salts, corrosion by the bonded oxygen of the boiler water, silica in boiler and turbine, equilibria developed in the superheater in any carry-over of boiler water, and under certain conditions, protection from embrittlement. In systematizing the results which must ensue from the complex network of interrelations of temperature, pressure, and concentration, under these conditions, he makes use of the conceptions of the concentrating-film boiler water, generalizes the temperature-pressure-concentration relations in the form of a Δt function, and points out how the relationship of incongruent solubility between water and the silicates must be controlled.
Formulas for Calculating the Temperature Distribution in Electrical Coils of General Rectangular Cross Section
Authors: Higgins T. J.
Published: December 2022

In a recent paper (1) Prof. Max Jakob outlined a procedure for calculating the temperature at any point T, the maximum temperature Tm, and the average temperature Ta in an electrical coil maintained at uniform surface temperature. Mr. Jakob derived explicit formulas for certain simple coils, i.e., the circular cylindrical coil, the infinite-plate coil, the spherical coil. The present paper is devoted to effecting formulas for T, Tm, and Ta for the very important case of the toroidal coil of general rectangular cross section. Following Jakob, the procedure is to pose determination of T as a boundary-value problem in the mathematical theory of heat; effect the formal solution for T; and obtain the corresponding formulas for Tm and Ta by use of their known relationship with T. Illustrative of application of the general formulas derived in the present paper, the maximum and average temperatures in a coil of given dimensions are calculated and are found to be in excellent agreement with the known measured values.
Glue-Line Stresses in Laminated Wood
Authors: Dietz A. G. H. , Grinsfelder Henry , Reissner Eric
Published: December 2022

With intensified use of timber beams, consisting of laminations of relatively thin boards and planks glued together, the problem of glue lines coming apart under changing conditions of moisture content in the timber has become of considerable importance. From an examination of glued timbers undergoing changes in moisture content, it appears that delamination, when it occurs, most frequently does so when the moisture content is being reduced; during such a dehydrating phase not only does shrinking take place but also checking of the wood. Results of experimentation and field trials indicate that thin laminations are better than thick ones for gluing, and wood species with low moduli are better than species with high moduli. Adhesives must be employed which have high shearing strength and high tensile strength perpendicular to the glue line if laminated beams are to be dependable in service.
The Escher Wyss-AK Closed-Cycle Turbine, Its Actual Development and Future Prospects
Authors: Keller Curt
Published: December 2022

This paper is the first comprehensive presentation in this country of details of the gas-turbine process employing a closed cycle. In spite of grave handicaps entailed by the war, the development of this turbine proceeded from the first experimental installation in 1939, to the advanced designs which are now available for industrial application.
An acoustic cloaking design based on topology optimization
Authors: Yang Zudi , Huang Xun
Published: December 2022

In this work, we explain how to utilize the topology optimization method for the design of acoustic cloaks based on the principle of scattering cancellation. To take account of the challenging fabrication restriction, we impose boundary control inside the optimization objective function and enforce hyperbolic tangent projection to minimize the gray transition regions of the optimized design. In addition, a filter based on the Helmholtz differential equation is used to remove any tiny structures due to the effect of discretized grids. Then, we fabricate the designed cloaks and conduct the experiments in a couple of representative set-ups to validate the proposed design approach. The experiments are conducted inside both air and water. We found that the current cloaking design performs much better in air than in water and reveal the associated reason. Overall, this work paves the way for the acoustic cloaking design, fabrication, and experiments for future practical applications.
TATTOO-seq delineates spatial and cell type–specific regulatory programs in the developing limb
Authors: Bastide Sébastien , Chomsky Elad , Saudemont Baptiste , Loe-Mie Yann , Schmutz Sandrine , Novault Sophie , Marlow Heather , Tanay Amos , Spitz François
Published: December 2022

The coordinated differentiation of progenitor cells into specialized cell types and their spatial organization into distinct domains is central to embryogenesis. Here, we developed and applied an unbiased spatially resolved single-cell transcriptomics method to identify the genetic programs underlying the emergence of specialized cell types during mouse limb development and their spatial integration. We identify multiple transcription factors whose expression patterns are predominantly associated with cell type specification or spatial position, suggesting two parallel yet highly interconnected regulatory systems. We demonstrate that the embryonic limb undergoes a complex multiscale reorganization upon perturbation of one of its spatial organizing centers, including the loss of specific cell populations, alterations of preexisting cell states’ molecular identities, and changes in their relative spatial distribution. Our study shows how multidimensional single-cell, spatially resolved molecular atlases can allow the deconvolution of spatial identity and cell fate and reveal the interconnected genetic networks that regulate organogenesis and its reorganization upon genetic alterations.
PAX5 epigenetically orchestrates CD58 transcription and modulates blinatumomab response in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Li Yizhen , Moriyama Takaya , Yoshimura Satoshi , Zhao Xujie , Li Zhenhua , Yang Xu , Paietta Elisabeth , Litzow Mark R. , Konopleva Marina , Yu Jiyang , Inaba Hiroto , Ribeiro Raul C. , Pui Ching-Hon , Yang Jun J.
Published: December 2022

Blinatumomab is an efficacious immunotherapeutic agent in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). However, the pharmacogenomic basis of leukemia response to blinatumomab is unclear. Using genome-wide CRISPR, we comprehensively identified leukemia intrinsic factors of blinatumomab sensitivity, i.e., the loss of
CD58
as a top driver for resistance, in addition to
CD19
. Screening 1639 transcription factor genes, we then identified PAX5 as the key activator of CD58. ALL with the
PAX5
P80R mutation also expressed the lowest level of
CD58
among 20 ALL molecular subtypes in 1988 patients. Genome editing confirmed the effects of this mutation on CD58 expression and blinatumomab sensitivity in B-ALL, with validation in patient leukemic blasts. We described a PAX5-driven enhancer at the
CD58
locus, which was disrupted by PAX5 P80R, and the loss of CD58 abolished blinatumomab-induced T cell activation with global changes in transcriptomic/epigenomic program. In conclusion, we identified previously unidentified genetic mechanisms of blinatumomab resistance in B-ALL, suggesting strategies for genomics-guided treatment individualization.
Wild chimpanzee behavior suggests that a savanna-mosaic habitat did not support the emergence of hominin terrestrial bipedalism
Authors: Drummond-Clarke Rhianna C. , Kivell Tracy L. , Sarringhaus Lauren , Stewart Fiona A. , Humle Tatyana , Piel Alex K.
Published: December 2022

Bipedalism, a defining feature of the human lineage, is thought to have evolved as forests retreated in the late Miocene-Pliocene. Chimpanzees living in analogous habitats to early hominins offer a unique opportunity to investigate the ecological drivers of bipedalism that cannot be addressed via the fossil record alone. We investigated positional behavior and terrestriality in a savanna-mosaic community of chimpanzees (
Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii
) in the Issa Valley, Tanzania as the first test in a living ape of the hypothesis that wooded, savanna habitats were a catalyst for terrestrial bipedalism. Contrary to widely accepted hypotheses of increased terrestriality selecting for habitual bipedalism, results indicate that trees remained an essential component of the hominin adaptive niche, with bipedalism evolving in an arboreal context, likely driven by foraging strategy.
A multiple sclerosis–protective coding variant reveals an essential role for HDAC7 in regulatory T cells
Authors: Axisa Pierre-Paul , Yoshida Tomomi M. , Lucca Liliana E. , Kasler Herbert G. , Lincoln Matthew R. , Pham Giang H. , Del Priore Dante , Carpier Jean-Marie , Lucas Carrie L. , Verdin Eric , Sumida Tomokazu S. , Hafler David A.
Published: December 2022

Genome-wide association studies identifying hundreds of susceptibility loci for autoimmune diseases indicate that genes active in immune cells predominantly mediate risk. However, identification and functional characterization of causal variants remain challenging. Here, we focused on the immunomodulatory role of a protective variant of histone deacetylase 7 (HDAC7). This variant (rs148755202, HDAC7.p.R166H) was identified in a study of low-frequency coding variation in multiple sclerosis (MS). Through transcriptomic analyses, we demonstrate that wild-type HDAC7 regulates genes essential for the function of Foxp3
+
regulatory T cells (T
regs
), an immunosuppressive subset of CD4 T cells that is generally dysfunctional in patients with MS. Moreover, T
reg
-specific conditional hemizygous deletion of HDAC7 increased the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), a mouse model of neuroinflammation. In contrast, T
regs
transduced with the protective HDAC7 R166H variant exhibited higher suppressive capacity in an in vitro functional assay, mirroring phenotypes previously observed in patient samples. In vivo modeling of the human HDAC7 R166H variant by generation of a knock-in mouse model bearing an orthologous R150H substitution demonstrated decreased EAE severity linked to transcriptomic alterations of brain-infiltrating T
regs
, as assessed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Our data suggest that dysregulation of epigenetic modifiers, a distinct molecular class associated with disease risk, may influence disease onset. Last, our approach provides a template for the translation of genetic susceptibility loci to detailed functional characterization, using in vitro and in vivo modeling.