bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrider ses ressources : un exemple de « faire pour » les enseignants
Authors: Quéré Nolwenn , Auras Emmanuelle , Bonnet Jordi
Published: February 2025

La pandémie de la COVID-19 a contraint les universités françaises à mettre à distance leurs formations dans des délais courts. Les modalités de distanciel étant nouvelles pour certains enseignants, cette transition a pu être délicate à réaliser pour certains d’entre eux. Une des difficultés soulignées par ces derniers porte, notamment, sur l’aspect chronophage de l’adaptation de leurs cours du présentiel vers le distanciel. La Rochelle Université a, à l’aide d’un appel à projets, expérimenté une forme différente d’accompagnement des enseignants en proposant de faire pour les enseignants. Il s’agissait ici de déléguer une partie du travail d’adaptation des ressources à un ingénieur pédagogique. Cette expérimentation a montré que la méthodologie retenue peut, sous certaines conditions, mener les universités à proposer des ressources hybrides robustes co-construites par des enseignants et des ingénieurs pédagogiques. Après une introduction de notre propos, nous présenterons le contexte du travail de l’ingénieur pédagogique en France, et plus particulièrement à La Rochelle Université, avant de revenir sur le cadre conceptuel retenu. Nous décrirons notre expérience de conception en termes de « faire avec » ainsi que la méthodologie mobilisée de manière à montrer comment un travail collaboratif entre enseignant(s) et ingénieur(s) pédagogique(s) peut être envisagé. Enfin, nous discuterons nos résultats.
Towards Generalist Robot Policies: What Matters in Building Vision-Language-Action Models
Authors: Liu Huaping , Li Xinghang , Li Peiyan , Liu Minghuan , Wang Dong , Liu Jirong , Kang Bingyi , Ma Xiao , Kong Tao , Zhang Hanbo
Published: February 2025

Foundation Vision Language Models (VLMs) exhibit strong capabilities in multi-modal representation learning, comprehension, and reasoning. By injecting action components into the VLMs, Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs) can be naturally formed and also show promising performance. Existing work has demonstrated the effectiveness and generalization of VLAs in multiple scenarios and tasks. Nevertheless, the transfer from VLMs to VLAs is not trivial since existing VLAs differ in their backbones, action-prediction formulations, data distributions, and training recipes. This leads to a missing piece for a systematic understanding of the design choices of VLAs. In this work, we disclose the key factors that significantly influence the performance of VLA and focus on answering three essential design choices: which backbone to select, how to formulate the VLA architectures, and when to add cross-embodiment data. The obtained results convince us firmly to explain why we prefer VLA and develop a new family of VLAs, RoboVLMs, which require very few manual designs and achieve a new state-of-the-art performance in three simulation tasks and real-world experiments. Through our extensive experiments, which include over 8 VLM backbones, 4 policy architectures, and over 600 distinct designed experiments, we provide a detailed guidebook for the future design of VLAs. In addition to the study, the highly flexible RoboVLMs framework, which supports easy integrations of new VLMs and free combinations of various design choices, is made public to facilitate future research. We open-source all details, including codes, models, datasets, and toolkits, along with detailed training and evaluation recipes at: robovlms.github.io.
Manganese Catalyzed Oximation of Hydrocarbons to Oximes
Authors: Xiao Jianliang , Song Menghui , Li Hong , Xie Li , Zhang Xiaoxin , Weilian Xiaotian , Wang Rucao , Steiner Alexander , Sun Huaming , Wang Chao , Li Chaoqun
Published: February 2025

Oximes are used in many scientific and industrial domains, ranging from organic synthesis through biotechnology to materials science. Traditionally, their synthesis necessitates the use of hydrocarbons with specific functional groups, such as carbonyls, which are often more challenging and expensive to obtain compared to their non-functionalized counterparts. Here we introduce a new approach that enables the direct synthesis of oximes from hydrocarbons via the oxidative oximation of methylene C-H bonds — the most prevalent molecular unit in the world of molecules. Under the catalysis of a manganese complex with hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant and hydroxylamine sulfate as the amine source, we demonstrate that a diverse array of molecules — from simple chemicals like propane and cyclohexane to complex compounds such as the antimalarial drug artemisinin — can be oximated at methylene C-H bonds with synthetically significant yields under mild conditions. The catalyst displays a good level of functionality tolerance and often predictable site selectivity in complex molecule settings. Our approach opens new avenues for oxime synthesis and is anticipated to have broad applications in the production of fine and commodity chemicals, bioactive molecules, and new materials.
Mapping Global Resource-Driven Nature Loss in the Mining Sector
Authors: Kanemoto Keiichiro , Cheng Yu-Tong , Hoang Nguyen , Shinoda Yushin , Islam Kamrul , Motoshita Masaharu , Kadoya Taku
Published: February 2025

Global mineral extraction is expected to surge due to the growing demand for clean energy transition. While mining is critical to modern society, its environmental impacts—often documented at local or regional scales—remain underexplored at the commodity level. Here, we introduce a novel approach integrating remote sensing, machine learning, and cloud computing to classify approximately 40,000 mining sites by commodity. Using this newly detailed dataset, we quantify the nature loss associated with 20 extracted commodities, focusing on deforestation and habitat destruction. From 2001 to 2022, mining activities worldwide resulted in the removal of 14,619 km² of forest cover, with 67.28% occurring in tropical and subtropical regions. Notably, over half of this deforestation was attributed to the extraction of coal, gold, iron, bauxite, and nickel-cobalt, primarily in countries intersecting the Amazon and Southeast Asian rainforests. Our analysis also reveals that deforestation-to-mining area ratios and biodiversity risks vary by mining location, and conservation threats do not always scale with deforestation rates. By providing commodity-specific maps of mining-induced nature loss, our work equips companies and organisations with actionable insights to identify risks within their supply chains and implement targeted mitigation strategies.
Strong four-phonon interactions in α-GeTe
Authors: Hong Jiawang , Li Yongheng , Wei Bin , Zhang Xinyue , Ren Qi , Yang Chao , Gao Ziyan , Wang Xueyun , Pan Feihao , Wang Jinchen , KAMAZAWA Kazuya , Nakamura Mitsutaka , Luo Wei , Pei Yanzhong
Published: February 2025

High-order phonon interactions have recently garnered significant attention due to their critical role in understanding anharmonic phonon decay and accurately predicting lattice thermal conductivity κL. Here, we report a pronounced four-phonon scattering effect in α-GeTe by the inelastic neutron scattering experiment and temperature dependent molecular dynamic simulation. Strong four-phonon interactions lead to remarkably reduced intensities of imaginary dynamical susceptibility at elevated temperatures and a strong temperature dependence of phonon linewidths. The phonon dispersion nesting and strong anharmonicity at high temperatures contribute to the significant four-phonon interactions in α-GeTe. These interactions result in a deviation from the typical κL ~ T⁻¹ trend in α-GeTe, attributed to an increased scattering rate caused by the enlarged four-phonon scattering phase space at high temperature. Our work provides a detailed microscopic insight to the thermal transport of α-GeTe, offering valuable guidance for the design of advanced thermoelectric materials, and highlights the critical role of four-phonon interactions in solids at high temperatures.
Data-Driven Insights into Mental Health: Mapping Multi-Level Predictors to Longitudinal Outcomes
Authors: Jirsaraie Robert , Barch Deanna , Bogdan Ryan , Marek Scott , Bijsterbosch Janine , Sotiras Aristeidis , Karcher Nicole
Published: February 2025

A key challenge in predicting a person’s internal state of mind is that there are a wide range of contributing factors that each have a subtle, yet significant, influence on mental health. To address this challenge, we trained machine learning algorithms on multiple sources of variation that could meaningfully contribute to psychological distress. Data mining techniques were used to identify key risk factors for predicting current symptoms and longitudinal outcomes from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Developmental dataset (n = 11,552). Our results consistently revealed that social conflicts were the strongest indicators of psychopathology. Family fighting was the best predictor of current symptoms, whereas social victimization among peers was the top predictor of changes across time and future symptom severity. Sex-differences also emerged as a critical factor for predicting psychopathology, as females exhibited greater symptoms on average, and their symptoms became more severe over time. The long-term mental health of females was best predicted by social exclusion and reputational damage, whereas aggression and anti-social tendencies were the strongest predictors among males. While these findings provide novel insight into the developmental origins of psychopathology, our best performing models could only explain up to 40% of the variation between individuals. Future research is needed to obtain a more complete understanding of all the factors that meaningfully contribute to mental health.
SARS-CoV-2 nonspike structural proteins hijack mucosa epithelial cell fate
Authors: Gao Yan , Souza Lucas Lacerda , Kang Hong Soon , Li Zehan , Hernandez-Guerrero Juan Carlos , Alves Fábio Abreu , Zhang Wei , Sharma Vikram , Hanks Sally , Yu Jinhua , Tredwin Christopher , Jetten Anton M. , Soares Ciro Dantas , Hu Bing
Published: February 2025

COVID-19 patients readily present with severe epithelial damage, such as tissue ulceration and erosion, along with disrupted tissue repair, in multiple organs. The mucous membranes of the lung alveoli 1,2, gastrointestinal tract 3,4, nasal 5and oral cavity 6,7 are the primary targets of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The infected epithelium triggers a dysregulated immune response that further damages tissues and organs 8-10. Increasing evidence suggests that the SARS-CoV-2 virus can cause direct damage to epithelial cells and fibroblasts 11-13. Here, we report that the mucosa epithelia of COVID-19 patients can undergo cellular dedifferentiation before any pathological features are observed. SARS-CoV-2 nonspikestructural proteins, particularly the Envelope protein, can rapidly induce epithelial cell dedifferentiation, micronuclei formation, cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and apoptosis. The protein can also severely affect the progenitor cell stratification program. Mechanistically, we identified a unique molecule, calponin 2 (CNN2), as a downstream effector of nonspike structural proteins. Moreover, CNN2 levels were elevated in the epithelia of COVID-19 patients. Downregulating CNN2 could inhibit epithelial cell apoptosis and promote cell differentiation. CNN2 expression is negatively regulated by GLIS2, a transcription factor associated with the disruption of ciliary dynamics in epithelial cells. Therefore, we propose that SARS-CoV-2 damages mucosal epithelium integrity via a novel “double hijack” mechanism and suggest new therapeutic targets for COVID-19 treatment.
The labor market of Ukraine: challenges, trends, and business adaptation
Authors: Chupandin Roman
Published: February 2025

The full-scale invasion of Ukraine has significantly disrupted the country’s labor market, causing substantial shifts in workforce availability due to migration, military mobilization, and economic instability. These disruptions have created severe labor shortages, posing challenges for business continuity and economic recovery. This study examines the evolving labor market trends in Ukraine, the challenges businesses face, and the adaptive strategies they can employ to sustain operations and drive long-term resilience. The research utilizes open-source data, including statistics from the United Nations and Opendatabot, to assess the number of people who left Ukraine, changes in the number of active military personnel, and fluctuations in the working-age population before and after the full-scale invasion. A quantitative estimation of the remaining labor force is provided to illustrate the extent of labor shortages. The study also incorporates official statements from policymakers and business representatives to contextualize the labor market dynamics. The empirical analysis reveals a significant contraction of the labor force, with a substantial portion of the working-age population either leaving the country or being engaged in national defense efforts. The demand for skilled and unskilled labor is increasing, prompting businesses to seek new strategies for workforce adaptation. The findings highlight that companies can partially mitigate labor shortages through the implementation of modern digital communication tools, employee reskilling programs, and structured onboarding processes for unskilled workers. The results underscore the urgent need for businesses to adjust their human resource strategies to address workforce shortages and ensure operational stability. Policies promoting flexible employment, digital workforce integration, and targeted vocational training can enhance business resilience. The study provides actionable recommendations for enterprises across various sectors, emphasizing the role of adaptive labor management in sustaining Ukraine’s economic recovery amid ongoing conflict.
AI FOR AI AUDIT - THE VISION FROM LEGACY AUDIT TO MULTI LAYERED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN AUDITING
Authors:   M.Sc. Student in the Department of Computer Science, Specializing in Cybersecurity, at the Ashkelon Academic College (AAC), Israel. Also, Works as a Software Engineer at Intel in the CAD Department., Cohen M. , Schreiber A. ,   Ph.D., Senior Faculty Member, Department of Computer Science, Ashkelon Academic College (AAC), Ashkelon, Israel. Also, Senior Manager, Head of the Cyber Risk Management Department at BNHP (the Largest Bank in Israel), TelAviv, Israel., Schreiber I. ,   Ph.D., Senior Lecturer and Seniour Faculty Member, Department of Computer Science, Ashkelon Academic College (AAC), Ashkelon, Israel.
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the prospects and difficulties of applying AI in the audit field. It explores the possible benefits of AI in enhancing audit processes, alongside adoption concerns, and provides a rare glimpse into its future evolvement and opportunities. To ensure comprehensive analysis, we applied an innovative multidimensional approach, implementing exploratory viewpoints through a new AI-Audit evolution framework, including a forward-looking perspective. The analysis includes implications applicable for audit professionals and the audit ecosystem, offering a holistic view that goes far beyond mere technical issues. AI holds the potential to transform auditing by improving the effectiveness and quality of audit processes while reducing costs and streamlining operations. However, we emphasize the need for empirical evidence to gain a deeper understanding of AIs broader impact on enterprise outcomes, particularly for its future evolvement. Unlike other only exploratory reviews, we introduce an innovative concept of AI for AI-Audit, proposing an encompassing layer on top of current AI-based auditing tools. This new vision extends beyond contemporary practices that mimic human-like auditing, suggesting a more integrated AI system to improve contemporary audit outcomes. Alongside these advantages, we point to the necessity of empirical research to reassess AIs impact on audit quality and the overall transformation of the audit field, where ethical concerns and human oversight remain critical. While AI can significantly enhance auditing procedures, streamline processes, and affect audit-related costs, its adoption requires careful ongoing ethical monitoring. Finally, AI transformation in auditing raises questions about future auditor roles and the ethical implications of reduced human oversight, making compliance with ethical standards and maintaining human involvement essential.
Gondolkodjunk fenntartható elvek szerint globálisan és cselekedjünk helyben, avagy jó gyakorlati példák a bankszektorból
Authors: Siklósi Veronika , Széles Zsuzsanna
Published: February 2025

A kereskedelmi bankok napjainkban a fenntartható fejlődési célok szerint működnek, az általuk már kialakított jó gyakorlati példák igen hasznosak, példamutató értékűek lehetnek más vállalkozások számára is. Kutatásunkban két nemzetközi hátterű bank jó gyakorlati példáit vizsgáltuk az elmúlt két évben a csoportszinten közzétett fenntarthatósági jelentéseik alapján. Kutatásunk célja, a kiválasztott példák bemutatása révén felhívni a figyelmet arra, hogy a fenntartható fejlődési célok érdekében tett intézkedések a pénzügyi vállalkozások üzleti érdekeit is támogatják. A pénzintézetek ESG célok mentén kialakított stratégiája a jobb reputáció mellett, támogatja a partnereik, beleértve a befektetőik, ügyfeleik, szállítóik, illetve a saját munkavállalóik elkötelezettségét is, növeli a lojalitást, további értékesítési lehetőségeket teremt. A társadalmi jólét megteremtése közös érdekünk. A bemutatott helyi kezdeményezések megvalósítása egy-egy apró lépés a hosszú úton, ami még előttünk áll.
Agroforestry: an agroecological practice in the light of Ecological Economics
Authors: Lenti Attila
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study is to contribute to the comprehension of the relationship between the concepts of agroforestry, agroecology, and ecological economics. The main concept I study in this paper is agroforestry, whose understanding requires the analysis of both its definitions and its relation to these other key concepts. I applied focused literature review, employing the scientific databases of ScienceDirect and Springer, as well as the Google Scholar search engine. I used relevant academic publications in English, Spanish, and Hungarian. Agroforestry manifests as a sustainable landuse practice, exhibiting myriad ecological, social, and economic advantages both at the level of individual farms and on a broader landscape scale while aligning with agroecological principles. The findings reveal a robust alignment of agroforestry and agroecology with the beliefs and assumptions of ecological economics. All three concepts underline the unsustainability of contemporary farming within a global economy constrained by ecological limits. Agroecology further emphasizes embeddedness in nature, socioecological interactions, and recognition of nature's intrinsic value. All three concepts genuinely apply transdisciplinary approaches, while their shared commitment to systems thinking helps to understand complex human-environment interactions. Synergy between these concepts presents a promising avenue for fostering sustainable food systems amid global environmental challenges.
Das Krankenhaus-MVZ Planung, Aufbau, Betrieb
Authors: Merten Patricia Carola
Published: February 2025

[Goepfert, A., Bühn, R., Conrad, C. B. & Kühn, F. H. (eds, 2016). Das Krankenhaus-MVZ : Planung, Aufbau, Betrieb. MWV Medizinisch Wis-senschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft. p. 317, ISBN 9783954662296] The first edition of the book was published in 2016 with 317 pages and four chapters by the lead authors and editors Dr. Andreas Goepfert, Rainer Bühn and Claudia B. Conrad. It is an anthology written by a total of 23 authors. The co-authors are Klaus Axmann, Dr. med. Gerd-Rüdiger Franke, Oliver Frielings-dorf, Dr. Rolf Hildebrandt, Prof. Linus Hofrichter, Dr. rer. medic. Manuel Iser-loh, Dr. med. dent. Thorsten M. Kehr, Axel Kühn, Felix H. Kühn, Dr. rer. pol. Philipp Lindenmayer, Thomas M. Lüttgen, Susanne Müller, Thomas Pfeifer, Anja Riedinger, Wilhelm Schierle, Dr. iur. Hendrik Bernd Sehy, Nadine Sterley, Michael Stoll, Dr. med. Roland Strasheim und Nils F. Wittig. The book is pri-marily intended to provide hospital medical care center founders with detailed information on the necessary planning, establishment and operation of a medical care center. It points out possible barriers that could lead to restrictions and ex-plains what is necessary for successful operation.JEL Codes I15, I18, I13
Aspectos avaliativos da habilidade de leitura em provas do ENEM: reflexões e orientações para o professor de língua inglesa
Authors:   , Oliveira Joseane de Souza
Published: February 2025

O interesse em desenvolver uma pesquisa sobre exame de seleção para o ensino superior surgiu
de uma experiência da professora pesquisadora deste trabalho em turmas do Ensino Médio, ao
perceber que os alunos chegavam a esse nível escolar com um grande déficit em relação à
compreensão leitora em língua inglesa. Nesse sentido, começamos a refletir que tais
dificuldades poderiam ser ecoadas na principal prova que os alunos realizam ao término da
educação básica, a saber, Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM). Diante do contexto em
que se encontra inserido o ensino público de língua estrangeira, elevado número de alunos por
sala, evasão escolar, redução da carga horária escolar e considerando a importância de uma
prova de língua estrangeira para garantir uma vaga em um curso superior, tentaremos responder,
ao longo desta pesquisa, a indagação que embasa todo este trabalho: De que modo a
compreensão leitora de textos em língua inglesa é avaliada pelo ENEM?. Dessa maneira, o que
se pretende fazer no atual estudo é investigar aspectos avaliativos da habilidade leitora de língua
inglesa em provas do ENEM. Entre os objetivos específicos, analisaremos as questões de
múltipla escolha para observar se a compreensão seria uma atividade de identificar e extrair
informações ou se envolve o uso de atividades cooperativas e inferenciais; logo depois,
averiguar que fenômenos textuais precisam ser ativados para a compreensão das questões das
provas de língua inglesa; e por fim, viabilizar reflexões e orientações propositivas para o ensino
de compreensão leitora de língua inglesa no ensino médio. Para isso, tomamos como base Leffa
(2016) para discorrer acerca do ensino de línguas no Brasil, os documentos oficiais, como
BNCC, OCEM e PCNs para explicar o ensino e a avaliação de leitura, Kato (2007) e Marcuschi
(2008) para embasar as discussões relacionadas a compreensão leitora, além de Koch (2021) e
Koch e Elias (2021) para fundamentar o conceito de texto e os fenômenos textuais envolvidos
no processo de leitura. No que diz respeito à metodologia, esta pesquisa é de natureza
qualitativa, uma vez que busca entender os fenômenos que acontecem no interior da sociedade.
Isto posto, esperamos que as discussões fomentadas neste trabalho possam contribuir de forma
significativa para os estudos da compreensão leitora, sobretudo, de língua inglesa
Exploring the C-2 Position of Glycals: Structural Insights and Synthetic Applications
Authors: Pandey Ram Pratap , Sharma Manish Kumar , Pandey Anand Kumar , Hussain Altaf , Hussain Nazar
Published: February 2025

The chemistry of glycals and their derivatives has emerged as a hot topic in
carbohydrate chemistry owing to their incredible applications in biological and
medicinal chemistry. Annulated and C-2-branched sugars derived from glycal moiety
and its derivative have received immense attention. Herein, we have incorporated the
current advancement in the synthesis of 2-C-branched sugars and annulated sugars
derived from glycals, 2-haloglycals, and 2-nitroglycals using various synthetic
strategies, including C-H activation, 1,2-annulation, and cyclopropanation.
Effect of Traps Directions on the Density of the Peach Fruit Fly, Bactrocera zonata in Gezira State, Sudan
Authors:   Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan, Fadul R.E.H. , Salah F.E.E. ,   Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan, Abdelgader H. ,   Crop Protection Center, Agricultural Research Corporation, Wad Medani, Sudan., Omer A.A. E. ,   Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan, Dafaallah A.B. ,   Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan
Published: February 2025

In Sudan, the production of horticultural crops is affected by fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) that may play a major role in reducing production and limiting the exportation capabilities. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of trap direction on the density of peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata in Gezira State, Sudan during 2016/2017 growing season. Three locations were selected in the study area and three sites were selected at each location. An orchard was randomly selected at each site and five directions for each orchard were determined. Methyl Eugenol trap was used to estimate the seasonal abundance of the fly among locations, sites and directions. Data were subjected to descriptive analysis and regression analysis. There were significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences in the density of the fruit fly (Bactrocera zonata) among the directions in Alkamleen location. However, there were no significant differences in the density in Wad Medani and Elhagabdallah, Gezira State locations during the 2016/2017 growing season. In general, the highest density of the insect (13.14 insects per trap) was recorded in the west direction followed by the east direction (12.74 insects per trap), south direction (10.39 insects per trap) and center direction (10.11 insects per trap), whereas the lowest density (8.74 insects per trap) of the insect was recorded in the north direction. These findings could be useful in monitoring fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) in the agro‐ecological system of Gezira State, Sudan.

Keywords:

Abundance, Bactrocera, direction, methyl eugenol, fruit fly
The Role of Some Fungi Associated with the Nile Water Hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes as a Biological Control Agents and Assessment of Disease Development Rate
Authors:   Plant Protection Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Iraq, Al-Juboory H.H. , Al-Shammary A.J.M. ,   Integrated Pest Control Center, Directorate of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.
Published: February 2025

This study was carried out in the laboratories of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Agricultural Research Directorate, to detect fungi associated with the Nile water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes spread on the banks of the Tigris River in the Zafaraniyah area, Baghdad, Iraq, and evaluate their efficiency as biological control agents and determine the rate of disease development (r). The results obtained indicated that there were thirteen fungi associated with the Nile water hyacinth, namely: Acremonium sp. Alternaria sp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium sp., Drechslera sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Mucor sp., Penicillium sp., Pythium aphanidermatum, Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizopus sp. and Ulocladium sp. with relative occurrence of 3.45-50.7 %. The results indicated that the most common fungi were Alternaria sp., F. oxysporum and R. solani, with relative occurrence of 50.7, 34.57 and 30.50%, respectively. This is the first record for the presence of F. oxysporum on the leaves of the Nile water hyacinth in Iraq. The results also showed that the rate of disease development varied from one fungus to another when the weed was treated with fungi in the presence or absence of wounds on the leaves. The fungus Alternaria sp. was the most effective in both treatments. The highest rate of disease development was 0.650, 21-28 days after leaf wounding treatment, and 0.170, 21-28 days after the non-wounded leaf treatment.

Keywords:

Biocontrol, water hyacinth, fungi.
Caracterización de pacientes con Covid-19 y Neumonía Adquirida en la Comunidad, en un hospital de alta complejidad, durante la pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Montañez-Azcárate Valentina , Muñetón-Ramírez Kevin , Matta-Cortés Lorena
Published: February 2025

Introducción: La neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) es una de las infecciones más frecuentes del mundo, aportando una gran carga de morbimortalidad e impacto económico. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar pacientes con Neumonía Adquirida en Comunidad (NAC) y Covid 19, en un hospital de alta complejidad del suroccidente Colombiano. Materiales y métodos: Se realizo un estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con NAC y Covid 19, atendidos en el Hospital Universitario del Valle (HUV) entre enero de 2020 a enero de 2021, que cumplían con los criterios diagnósticos establecidos por las guías del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de Colombia.Las variables cuantitativas se presentaron como media y desviación estándar o mediana y rango intercuartílico, y las cualitativas en frecuencias. En el análisis bivariado se usaron las pruebas t de Student, Mann Whitney, Fisher exacta y chi cuadrado. Valores de p < 0.05 se consideraron significativos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 275 pacientes; 75 pacientes tenian NAC y 200 tenían Covid 19. La mediana de edad de los pacientes con Covid-19 fue de 54 años (41- 63,5), mientras que en paciente con NAC fue de 45,5 años (24-63,5) (p=0,01). Entre los hallazgos más relevantes, el 72,7% de los pacientes con Covid 19 requirio UCI, mientras un 27,3% de los pacientes con NAC necesito UCI (p<0,001). La mortalidad fue del 25,3 % en los pacientes con NAC, y 33% en pacientes con Covid 19. Discusión: Se encontro una mayor edad en los pacientes con Covid 19 que en NAC, además de una alta prevalencia de antecedentes patológicos como hipertensión arterial y tabaquismo, en concordancia con estudios previos. Los pacientes con Covid 19 presentaron mayor severidad clínica, necesitando en su mayoría hospitalización en UCI, en comparación con los pacientes con NAC. La alta mortalidad observada tanto en Covid 19 como en NAC, podría atribuirse al nivel de complejidad del hospital.
Caracterización de la encefalitis infecciosa aguda por Chikungunya en población pediátrica en el año 2023
Authors: Ortiz-Cuquejo Lidia María , Samudio-Domínguez Gloria Celeste , Volkart Karim , Ortega Gaona Natalia Berenice , Quintero Lorena , Riveros Gloria
Published: February 2025

Introducción: Chikungunya está causada por un arbovirus, trasmitido por mosquitos de la especie Aedes. Puede presentarse como forma clásica o atípica. Manifestaciones atípicas incluyen afectación de muchos órganos vitales; entre ellos, la encefalitis aguda es la forma más frecuente de afectación neurológica. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar los casos de encefalitis por CHIK-V. Materiales y métodos: descriptivo, prospectivo, observacional, de prevalencia enero a marzo 2023. Pacientes pediátricos, con diagnóstico de CHIK-V por PCR en sangre, y con diagnóstico de encefalitis por PCR-RT y/o alteraciones del LCR. Resultados: De 157 pacientes, 36 (22,9%) con diagnóstico de encefalitis De ellos, 36,6% recién nacidos, 27,7% lactantes menores, 11% lactantes mayores, 25% escolares. 17(47,2%) fueron mujeres. Fiebre en 100%, convulsiones 52,7%, exantema 50%, acrocianosis 30,5%, alteración del sensorio 11%. LCR con hiperproteinorraquia en 63,8%, pleocitosis con predominio de mononucleares en 72,2%. Ambas alteraciones simultáneamente 52,7%. El PCR-RT en LCR fue positivo en 69,4%. Quince (41,6%) ingresaron a unidad de terapia intensiva por choque o alteración encefálica, Siete pacientes recibieron inmunoglobulinas intravenosas, además de la terapia de soporte. No se registró mortalidad. Discusión: La encefalitis por CHIK-V se presentó en 22% de pacientes, afectó principalmente a RN y lactantes menores. Las alteraciones del LCR fueron pleocitosis e hiperproteinorraquia. No se registró mortalidad.
Desenlaces a corto plazo de recién nacidos con infección por SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Gómez-Calderón Celia Lucila , Bertolotto-Cepeda Ana María , Montealegre-Pomar Adriana Del Pilar , Vargas-Vaca Yaris Anzully
Published: February 2025

Introducción: La pandemia por COVID-19 se convirtió en el problema de salud pública más grave de los últimos años. El primer caso presentado en niños se documentó en el mes de enero de 2020 en Shenzhen, China, y a final de mes ya se habían descrito más de 20 casos pediátricos en dicho país. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características clínicas, tratamiento y desenlaces tempranos de los recién nacidos con infección por SARS-CoV-2 hospitalizados en la unidad de recién nacidos del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio (HUSI) en Bogotá, Colombia entre el 1 de marzo del año 2020 y el 28 de febrero del año 2022. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo. Se realizó una revisión retrospectiva de las historias clínicas electrónicas de los recién nacidos con edades comprendidas entre 0 días de vida hasta 28 días de edad corregida con infección por SARS-CoV-2 que requirieron hospitalización en HUSI en el periodo de tiempo establecido. Se creó una base de datos donde se registraron las variables demográficas, características clínicas, paraclínicos, tratamiento y desenlaces de los pacientes en quienes se confirmó la infección. Resultados: De 222 recién nacidos con sospecha de COVID-19, 32 (14%) tuvieron diagnóstico de infección por SARS-CoV-2 y 2 (6%) requirieron re-hospitalización. Los síntomas respiratorios se presentaron en el 40% de los pacientes, seguido de síntomas gastrointestinales en el 28% de los casos. Se presentaron dos muertes neonatales en pacientes que ingresaron remitidos de otras instituciones, uno por COVID-19 grave y el otro por complicaciones en relación con asfixia perinatal. Discusión: Los casos de recién nacidos con infección por SARS-CoV-2 fueron pocos. En este estudio, la identificación temprana de signos de severidad permitió que se proporcionara un manejo adecuado, disminuyendo la estancia hospitalaria y complicaciones en la mayoría de los pacientes.
Pārejas taisnīgums: jēdziena un prakses teorētiskā izpēte Krievijas–Ukrainas kara kontekstā
Authors: Snipe Arta
Published: February 2025

Raksta autore skaidro pārejas taisnīguma jēdzienu, ilustrējot to ar piemēriem no vēstures, apraksta galvenos pārejas taisnīguma pasākumus, uzsverot izaicinājumus to piemērošanā, un diskutē par pārejas taisnīguma pasākumu piemērošanu Krievijas pilna mēroga iebrukuma Ukrainā kontekstā. Autore rakstā izskaidro pārejas taisnīguma ietvaros dibināto tribunālu īpatnības, iepazīstina ar patiesības komisijas jēdzienu un komisiju darbības iespējām. Tālāk autore apskata reparāciju un programmas un veidus, kā reparācija var tikt īstenota, kā arī pieskaras plašajam institucionālo reformu jautājumam, akcentējot lustrācijas lomu. Secinājumos autore uzsver, ka pārejas taisnīguma mērķis ir ar likumā balstītiem līdzekļiem nodrošināt vainīgo saukšanu pie atbildības, uzlabot izdzīvojušo upuru stāvokli un novērst vardarbību nākotnē. Lai šos mērķus īstenotu, jāaptver trīs dimensijas: jāatklāj konflikta vēsturiskie cēloņi un sekas (patiesība), jānosaka ļaundariem piemērotā juridiskā atbildība (taisnīgums) un jāpiešķir finansiālas kompensācijas upuriem (reparācijas). Ņemot vērā līdzšinējās tendences, autore prognozē, ka pēc kara beigām Ukrainā pārejas taisnīguma advokāti runās ne tikai par vainīgo tiesāšanu, bet arī par reparāciju programmām un restitūciju, kā arī patiesības noskaidrošanu, iespējams, patiesības komisijas veidolā.
Viļa Plūdoņa personības atspulgi Rakstniecības un mūzikas muzeja materiālos
Authors: Miezīte Ilona
Published: February 2025

Raksts veltīts Viļa Plūdoņa (dz. Lej(e)nieks, 1874–1940) apjomīgajai kolekcijai Rakstniecības un mūzikas muzeja krājumā (ap 3200 eksemplāru). Tajā izsekots, kā muzeja priekšmeti atspoguļo dzejnieka mūža gaitu, personības savdabību un radošos procesus. Plūdoņa autobiogrāfiskajās piezīmēs atrodamas spilgtas bērnības dienu ainas. Baltijas Skolotāju semināra gadus ataino Roberta Klaustiņa (1875–1962) atmiņu manuskripts par Plūdoni ar titullapas stūrī redzamu piezīmi: “Nav publicējams.” Tajā iezīmēts kolorīts topošā dzejnieka portretējums, atklājot arī viņa personības negatīvās šķautnes. Saglabājušās Plūdoņa pārdomas par viņa radošajiem principiem un daiļrades metodēm, kas aizsāktas jau pirmajā jaunā skolotāja darbavietā Liezērē. Vētrainos meklējumu gadus Rīgas posmā raksturo gan dokuments par alimentu maksātnespēju, gan poēma prozā “Fantāzija par puķēm”. Muzejā ir tās manuskripts Plūdoņa sievas rokrakstā ar autora labojumiem. Pašaizliedzīgā Elfrīda Plūdone (dz. Melbārde, 1885–1982) pārrakstījusi daudzus dzejnieka sacerējumus. Vēlākie materiāli atspoguļo Plūdoņa dzīvi un personību brieduma gados: viņa rūpes par lielo ģimeni un dzimtajām Lejenieku mājām, skolotāja darbu, attieksmi pret dabu, sabiedriskajiem procesiem, garīgiem jautājumiem. Konstantīna Karuļa (1915–1997) atmiņas “Skolotājs Plūdonis” iezīmē pretrunīgu personību. Krājumā ir arī piemiņas lietas, kas veidojušas dzejnieka neatkārtojamo stilu un dzīves vidi. No plašā materiālu klāsta izcelti tie, kas atklāj mazāk zināmus Plūdoņa darbības un personības aspektus. Bet viņa kolekcija muzejā noteikti piedāvā arī daudz citu pētniecības iespēju.
Latvijas jauniešu interneta lietošanas modeļi un attieksme pret interneta izmantošanu mācībās
Authors: Koroļeva Ilze , Šņitņikovs Aleksejs , Aleksandrovs Aleksandrs
Published: February 2025

Datortehnoloģijas un internets ir mainījuši veidu, kā jaunieši sazinās cits ar citu, kā viņi strādā, kā izklaidējas, piedalās sabiedriskajā dzīvē un politikā, un, protams, arī to, kā viņi iegūst jaunu informāciju un mācās. Izmantojot Latvijas skolēnu un studentu tiešsaistes kvantitatīvās aptaujas datus (n = 2912), kas iegūti Latvijas Zinātnes padomes atbalstītajā projektā “Interneta lietošanas paternu ietekme uz jauniešu kognitīvo stilu attīstību”, šajā rakstā tiek analizēti jauniešu interneta lietošanas paradumi un to saistība ar jauniešu kognitīvajām orientācijām attiecībā uz interneta lietošanu mācību procesā. Jauniešu tiešsaistes aktivitāšu veida un biežuma mērījumos balstītā faktoranalīze ļāva identificēt četras interneta lietošanas dimensijas jeb modeļus, kas atbilstoši dominējošajām aktivitātēm tiek raksturoti šādi: radošā dimensija (orientācija uz satura radīšanu), orientācija uz saziņu, orientācija uz spēlēm un publisko komunikāciju un informatīvi analītiskā dimensija (orientācija uz informācijas meklēšanu/patērēšanu). Tāpat tika identificētas četras attieksmes pret interneta izmantošanu mācībās uzskatu dimensijas. Datu turpmākā analīze parādīja, ka pastāv būtiskas sakarības starp interneta lietošanas modeļiem un jauniešu kognitīvo orientāciju. Intelektuāli orientētie jaunieši vairāk izmanto internetu informācijas meklēšanai, savukārt internetpaļāvīgo vidū dominē datorspēļu spēlēšana u. tml. Uz sadarbību orientētajiem visvairāk raksturīgas saziņas aktivitātes, satura radīšana un spēles internetā, bet izklaidīgajiem tipiska ir tīklošanās un komunikācija internetā. Gan intelektuālā, gan internetpaļāvīgo orientācija visai spēcīgi ietekmē interneta lietošanas praksi; pirmo orientāciju var nosacīti raksturot kā pozitīvu, otro kā negatīvu. Trešā (“daudzuzdevumu veicēji”) un ceturtā (“izklaidīgie”) orientācija raksturojas ar mazāk apzinātām metakognitīvām izvēlēm. Šo orientāciju ietekme uz interneta lietošanas modeļiem nav tik spēcīga, iespējams, tāpēc ka šīm grupām piederošie jaunieši atrodas lielākā ārējās sociālās vides un tehnoloģiju ietekmē un viņu interneta lietošanas modeļus visdrīzāk nosaka viņu tiešā interneta lietošanas prakse un stihiski izveidojušies paradumi.
No migrācijas līdz integrācijai: jaunie iedzīvotāji Latvijas laukos
Authors: Feldmane Līga , Krūzmētra Ženija , Tīrmane Anete
Published: February 2025

Lai arī lauku attīstība un tās potenciāls pēdējos desmit gados ir aktuālas tēmas Latvijā, trūkst pētījumu, kas koncentrētos uz jaunienācēju integrācijas dziļāku izpēti lauku teritorijās. Tādēļ šī pētījuma mērķis ir izpētīt jaunienācēju migrāciju un integrāciju Latvijas laukos, kā arī faktorus, kas veicina vai kavē viņu integrāciju lauku vidē un kopienā. Lai sasniegtu šo mērķi, tika veikts empīrisks pētījums, kas balstīts uz daļēji strukturētām intervijām ar jaunienācējiem laukos, kā arī sekundāro datu analīzi. Rezultāti atklāj, ka jaunienācēju integrācija Latvijas laukos ir sarežģīts process, ko ietekmē dažādi faktori. Lauku integrācija ietver vairākus aspektus, tostarp mājas, darbu, trešās vietas un pasākumus, kā arī plašāku iesaistīšanos kopienā un sabiedriskajās organizācijās. Daudzi jaunienācēji ir jutušies pieņemti vietējā kopienā, tomēr citi ir saskārušies ar ievērojamām grūtībām integrācijas procesā, bieži vien neviesmīlīgas attieksmes dēļ. Izvērtējot situāciju Latvijas laukos, īpaši pierobežas teritorijās, kur jaunienācēji ir svarīgs lauku revitalizācijas virzītājspēks, būtu nepieciešams arī plānots valsts līmeņa atbalsts.
Dziesmotā revolūcija nenoteiktības politikas kontekstā
Authors: Beķere Kristīne
Published: February 2025

Vēstures un politikas pētnieces Unas Bergmanes grāmatas Politics of Uncertainty. The United States, the Baltic Question, and the Collapse of the Soviet Union (“Nenoteiktības politika: ASV, Baltijas jautājums un Padomju Savienības sabrukums”, 2023, New York: Oxford University Press) apskats.
Atmiņu ceļojums laikā un telpā
Authors: Pranka Maruta
Published: February 2025

Zinātnieces, antropoloģes Viedas Skultānes monogrāfijas “Kad toreiz ir tagad un šeit ir tur” ar apakšvirsrakstu “Vienas ģimenes stāsts”, ko Jāņa Rozes apgāds izdevis 2024. gada vasarā, apskats.
Par grāmatu “Cilvēktiesību nozīme mākslīgā intelekta laikmetā: privātums, datu aizsardzība un regulējums masveida novērošanas novēršanaI”
Authors: Urbāne Marta
Published: February 2025

Irēnas Barkānes grāmatas “Cilvēktiesību nozīme mākslīgā intelekta laikmetā: privātums, datu aizsardzība un regulējums masveida novērošanas novēršanai” (2023, Rīga, LU Akadēmiskais apgāds) apskats.
Cirvis sieviešu dzimtes indivīdu 8.–9. gadsimta apbedījumos latgaļu un sēļu apdzīvotajā teritorijā Latvijā
Authors: Gerhards Guntis , Vilcāne Antonija , Pētersone-Gordina Elīna
Published: February 2025

Pētījuma mērķis – skaidrot vikingu laikmeta sieviešu dzimtes indivīdu apbedījumus ar cirvi kapa inventārā saistībā ar apbedīšanas tradīcijām. Rakstā analizēti apbedījumi no Lejasbitēnu, Upmaļu, Boķu, Kalniešu II, Lucu, Smoņu un Kristapiņu kapulaukiem. Pētījums balstīts uz arheoloģiskā materiāla starpdisciplināru izpēti. Cirvis konstatēts gan pieaugušu sieviešu, gan nepieaugušu sieviešu dzimtes indivīdu apbedījumos. Šie cirvji ir mazāki un vieglāki nekā vīriešu cirvji. Vairākiem sieviešu cirvjiem kāts bija aptīts ar bronzas lenti. Šādus cirvjus uzskata par kaujas cirvjiem, bet nav pamata apbedītās sievietes uzskatīt par karotājām. Stabilo izotopu dati par iztikas resursu pieejamību liecina, ka šīm sievietēm bija līdzvērtīgs statuss ar vīriešiem, un cirvja līdzi došanas tradīcija sievietēm kapā, iespējams, to apstiprina.
PERFORMATIVIDADE E CORPO-COGNIÇÃO AFÁSICO
Authors: Calligaris Juliana
Published: February 2025

Este artigo investiga a criação na cena contemporânea a partir de processos artísticos do Programa de Expressão Teatral com atuadoras afásicas desenvolvido no Centro de Convivência de Afásicos, do Instituto de Estudos de Linguagem/UNICAMP. O artigo expõe parte da pesquisa sobre significação verbal/não verbal através do teatro performativo pelo estudo da relação entre linguagem, corpo e cognição na performance O Encenador. Investiga atenção conjunta e coocorrência multimodal de semioses, fala, gesto, olhar, etc., pela interação de diferentes processos semióticos ativos na construção de significados, a fim de propor novas pedagogias de criação artística a partir de corpos afásicos fenomênicos.
PROJETO DE VIDA E FORMAÇÃO DOS JOVENS NO NOVO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Carneiro Alexandra Carlesso , Martins Suely Aparecida
Published: February 2025

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o componente curricular Projeto de Vida em uma escola- piloto de Santa Catarina, considerando as experiências de estudantes e professores da primeira turma concluinte do Novo Ensino Médio (NEM) nessa instituição. A pesquisa foi qualitativa e baseou-se na análise de documentos e entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com 12 jovens e três docentes. Os resultados indicam que, no NEM, o Projeto de Vida articula-se ao protagonismo juvenil e ao empreendedorismo, visando a adequar os jovens às mudanças do capitalismo flexível. Dessa forma, destacam-se as dimensões pessoais e profissionais do Projeto de Vida, direcionadas ao autoconhecimento e à capacidade de fazer escolhas e se tornar empreendedor. Entretanto, estudantes e professores, ainda que apontem incoerências a respeito do Projeto de Vida e do NEM, ressaltam a sua positividade no sentido de orientar os jovens quanto à vida pessoal e profissional.
Determinants influencing companies receiving going concern opinions: Empirical evidence from a developing market
Authors: Felicia Winda , Lindrianasari Lindrianasari
Published: February 2025

Within a year of the audit report’s date, auditors must assess a company’s ability to continue as a going concern before identifying any significant issues (Lauren & Farah Mita, 2023). Uncertainty regarding the going concern assumption can limit a company’s long-term operational capabilities (Widiatami et al., 2020). This study, conducted between 2019 and 2022, aimed to identify the factors influencing going concern audit decisions in the basic materials sector. Using purposive sampling, secondary data from 65 firms were analyzed through logistic regression, which is suitable given the binary nature of the dependent variable. The study examined variables such as financial distress (Z), debt default (DAR), equity structure (DER), operating cash flow (OCF), audit quality (AQ), revenue dynamics (RD), value creation (VCI), and blockchain. The results show that only RD had a significant impact on the going concern audit opinion, while the other variables did not. This research stands out by incorporating eight variables, some of which have not been previously explored. The practical contribution of this research is providing insights for auditors in evaluating going concern opinions, while its theoretical contribution expands knowledge on factors affecting audit decisions in the basic materials sector.
Training Investment and Screening on Employee Attributes: A Complementarity View
Authors: Baruah Raginee , Grabner Isabella , Moers Frank
Published: February 2025

We examine how investments in training and employee selection interact to address the control problem of establishing a productive and stable relationship between employees and firms. Taking a complementarity theory perspective, we show that firms that invest highly in training also invest highly in employee selection processes and vice versa. We propose that specific employee attributes (i.e., stability and trainability) enhance the returns to training and are thus demanded and screened for by firms when committing resources to training. In turn, when firms invest in costly employee selection processes to screen for these attributes, investing in training further improves the productivity and stability of the employee-firm relationship. Examining the boundary conditions of this interdependence, we find that the complementarity between investments in training and that in screening for stability of employees increases in the creativity dependence of a firm.