bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance, Ukuran Perusahaan, Pertumbuhan Penjualan, Return on Asset Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak pada Perusahaan yang Terdaftar dalam Jakarta Islamic Index Tahun 2018-2022
Authors: Prayogo Mas Daud , Desmiza Desmiza
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh good corporate governance yang diproksikan dengan kepemilikan institusional, komisaris independen, komite audit, ukuran perusahaan, pertumbuhan penjualan dan return on asset terhadap penghindaran pajak yang diproksikan dengan cash effective tax rate pada perusahaan yang terdaftar dalam Jakarta Islamic Index tahun 2018-2022. Laporan keuangan tahunan digunakan sebagai sumber data sekunder pada penelitian ini. Data laporan keuangan perusahaan periode 2018-2022 dikumpulkan dengan metode dokumentasi melalui website Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Populasi pada penelitian ini yaitu sebanyak 41 perusahaan dan sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 16 perusahaan yang dipilih menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis regresi data panel untuk menguji pengaruh variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kepemilikan institusional dan komisaris independen berpengaruh negatif terhadap penghindaran pajak. Lalu pertumbuhan penjualan dan return on asset berpengaruh positif terhadap penghindaran pajak. Sementara itu komite audit dan ukuran perusahaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap penghindaran pajak. Nilai Adjusted R Square sebesar 70,61 persen, artinya kemampuan variabel independen dalam menjelaskan variabel dependen yaitu sebesar 70,61%, sisanya 29,39 persen oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti
CYCLOPIA
Authors: A. Khamas‎ W. , A. J. Flaih ‎ A. , A. Abbas Th.
Published: July 2024

Cyclopia is a congenital defect in which the two orkits merge to form a single cavity containing one eye, which is likely to show more or less evidence of its origin by fusion of the right and left optic primordia. It is usually combined with cyclencephaly. It is usually described as synophthalmus.
THORACIC SURGERY IN EQUINES
Authors: M. Jawad N.
Published: July 2024

Unilateral. thoracotomy was performed in twenty nine donkeys and twenty five horses aged 4-10 years without an ‘aid of positive ‘respirator. Surgical pneumothorax did not endanger the life of patient. Eighteen horses and twenty four donkeys became clinically “normal and the wounds were completely healed within 30 days, however, two horses .dies due to pleurisy. Five horses and five donkeys were killed and subjected to anatomical studies to find out if .there is a communication between the plural sacs or if the mediastinum is not strong enough to resist pressure. Observations indicate that there is no communication between the two plural sacs and that the mediastinum is strong enough to resist the difference in the pressure of the plural sacs and thus permit open thoracic surgery in equine without employing inflating pump.
INFECTIOUS STUNTING SYNDROME IN CHICKENS
Authors: A. Abdul-Aziz Tahseen
Published: July 2024

An infectious syndrome of broiler chickens characterized by. stunted growth, poor feathering, leg weakness, poor feed conversion, and loss of pigmentation of the skin. The syndrome was initially reported in Netherland (Kouwenhoven et al., 197848), and have since been described in England (Bracewell and Wyeth, 1981), U.S.A. (page et al., 1982), Australia (pass et al.,1982) and Canada (Riddell and Derow, 1982). The various names of the syndrome reflects the variety of clinical signs and gross lesions .observed, and although reported conditions share many clinical signs and pathological changes, it is not certain that all reports describe the same disease entity.
EVALUATION OF MONENSIN AND AMPROLIUM ON COCCIDIOSIS IN BROILLERS
Authors: M. Rashid E. , Alkhayyat A.
Published: July 2024

The present study was intended to evaluate the prophylactic effects of two anticoccidial drugs (monensin and amprolium) on experiinental infection with Eimeria tenella in chickens. Twenty one day-old chicks were used, they were divided in two main groups (floor and battery brooders rearing) with 112 chicks for each group. Each group was subdivided into four subgroups represent, control, infected nontreated, treated ‘with monensin and treated with amprolium. Monensin was given at rate of 100 ppm in ration while amprolium was given at a rate of 125 ppm in drinking water. The birds were infected with 50.000 sporulated oocystes/bird at 25 days of age injected directly into the crop. The following parameters were used to evaluate the drugs; weight gain, food cdnsumption mortality, oocystes count and packed blood cell volume. The results showed clear differences between control and infected groups. Monensin improved weight gain, feed conversion, reduced mortality, oocystes passed and lesion score, the drug prevent the decrease packed cell volume as compare to the infected nontreated group.Similar results were obtained with amprolium but in general the efficiency of the later was less than monensin in several respect. The results also indicated that the intensity of infection was more in the floor reared group than the brooder group.
Stuart Gillespie and Lawrence J. Haddad. The Double Burden of Malnutrition in Asia: Causes, Consequences, and Solutions. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2003. Paperback. Indian Rs 280.00. 235 pages.
Authors: Afia Malik
Published: July 2024

The culturally, politically, and economically diversified regions in Asia are also different in terms of nutrition level. When under-nutrition is overcome by overnutrition, it leads to the incidence of diet-related diseases such as coronary heart disease, cancer, diabetes, hypertension, and stroke, etc. Some parts in Asia are undernourished and some are over-nourished, while a large number of countries are facing both these problems simultaneously. There are also instances of both under- and over-nourished people within the same household. This is what the authors call the double burden of malnutrition in Asia. This book deals with the magnitude, causes, consequences, and solutions to the problem of malnutrition. It is an excellent, comprehensive, and authoritative overview of the issues related to the direct and indirect policy interventions; capacity development, and resource allocation; and it is useful for the future course of action aimed at defeating the menace of malnutrition in the very diverse continent of Asia.
Vinala Ramachandran (ed.). Gender and Social Equity in Primary Education: Hierarchies of Access. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2004. 381 pages. Paperback. Indian Rs 390.00.
Authors: Mir Annice Mahmood
Published: July 2024

Education is a basic human right. Over the past sixty years much progress has been made in raising literacy levels across a large cross-section of developing countries. For instance, Pakistan has seen an increase in literacy levels from 15 percent in 1951 to just over 50 percent in 2004. In India also there has been a significant increase in literacy levels. The 2001 Census of India showed that 65.4 percent of the population could be considered to be literate. A breakdown by sex revealed that more males (75.85 percent) were literate than females (54.16 percent). Although the figures are impressive, much remains to be done in India if literacy levels are to be raised to the levels that prevail in the developed world. Thus, appropriate plans, programmes, and projects need to be implemented to provide basic primary education to all children. However, there are two sides to the picture; one that deals with the demand for education and the other with the supply of education. On the demand side, one of the most important factors is that of income of the parents. On the supply side, it is the quality of education being imparted, particularly the level of teaching standards, and the up-keep of school buildings.
Lahore in the 21st Century: The functioning and development of a megacity in the global south
Authors: M. S. Nawaz
Published: July 2024

In the world of urban studies and history, it is not uncommon for researchers and * writers to draw from established frameworks as points of inquiry. However, in “Lahore in the 21st Century,” Qadeer presents a refreshing departure from this norm. What sets this book apart is its original analytical framework, one specifically tailored to the vibrant city of Lahore. Qadeer’s work is an exploration of the internal dynamics of urban development in Lahore, and it offers readers a unique perspective on how the city functions. At the core of Qadeer’s argument is the notion that Lahore’s social and physical development can be attributed to its internal dynamics. He uses the metaphors of software and hardware to convey this concept. He argues that the indigenous society played a pivotal role in adapting, resisting, and reshaping the initiatives brought by the external forces and dynamics. Qadeer supports his claims with examples of physical and social transformations in Lahore. Qadeer also emphasises the intricate interplay between the city’s internal dynamics and national-scale circumstances. He links Lahore’s evolution to Pakistan’s shifting political landscape and international relations. One of the book’s strengths is the author’s personal connection to the city. As someone who experienced Lahore’s transitions in the aftermath of significant outmigration by Hindu and Sikh communities in 1947, Qadeer combines his lived experiences with scholarly analysis. His memoirs are seamlessly woven into the book and meticulously corroborated with cited works. This blending of personal history and academic  endeavor adds depth and authenticity to the narrative. Part of the book also serves as a historical account of Lahore. What distinguishes it from previous works is a fresh perspective on the city’s history, showing how it influences the city’s form and function. A distinctive feature of the book is Qadeer’s limited reliance on other scholars to develop an argument. While this might make it less appealing to those seeking an exhaustive review of literature on Lahore, the author’s diversity of sources is truly impressive. He offers key sources in notes, allowing interested readers to explore them independently. This approach not only keeps the book accessible but also underscores that most of the ideas presented are the author’s own, derived from his thoughtful analysis of the city.
PENGARUH SPIRITUAL QUOTIENT (SQ) TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KINERJA KARYAWAN TRAVEL HAJI DAN UMRAH DI LAMPUNG
Authors: Nurhab Muhamad Irpan
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this research is to see the influence of the Spiritual Quotient (SQ) on increasing the performance of Hajj and Umrah Travel Employees as well as the main factors of Spiritual Quotient (SQ) that have the most influence on increasing the performance of Hajj and Umrah Travel Employees. Umrah travel employees. The number of samples in this research was 100 employee respondents from 10 Hajj and Umrah Travel in Lampung. The research instrument uses a questionnaire, with the analysis methods in this research being Regression Analysis and Factor Analysis. First research results: Spiritual Quotient (SQ) has a significant and positive effect on employee performance, meaning that the better the Spiritual Quotient (SQ) value, the performance of Hajj and Umrah Travel employees will increase and vice versa, the worse it will be. The Spiritual Quotient (SQ) value will be lower. performance of Hajj and Umrah Travel employees. The results of the second study show that patience is the most dominant factor in the Spiritual Quotient (SQ) to improve the performance of Hajj and Umrah travel employees compared to three other factors, namely transcendent awareness, forgiveness, and meaning of life.
El concepto del bien
Authors: Severiche Hernández Diego
Published: July 2024

Antes de entrar en el tema, quiero agradecer a la Revista Colombiana de Neumología la publicación del artículo “La Neumología en crisis” en la sección de Tertulia Médica, y de la misma manera agradecer al Dr. Gonzalo Prada la carta al editor, haciendo comentarios sobre el respectivo artículo.
Quisiera dar respuesta al Dr. Prada haciendo un análisis del concepto del bien, del actuar bien. De ser una buena persona y profesional. “El bien es el valor otorgado a una acción de un individuo. Una inclinación natural para fomentar lo deseable, motivado por una compresión del entorno, de las personas o de uno mismo”.
70 años de compromiso con la salud respiratoria en Colombia
Authors: Blanquicett Barrios Ledys
Published: July 2024

Para hablar de la Neumología primero debemos hablar de su génesis, la Tisiología, la rama de la medicina que se enfocaba en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la tuberculosis, otrora llamada la “peste blanca” debido a la epidemia suscitada entre los siglos XVII y XIX en Europa. Desde ese momento los médicos y científicos se embarcaron en la búsqueda del conocimiento para comprender y tratar esta enfermedad, de allí surgen descubrimientos tan importantes para la medicina como el desarrollo del estetoscopio (para la comprensión de los sonidos de los pulmones) y el descubrimiento del bacilo causante de la tuberculosis en 1882.
On the function of teacher professional development (TPD) programs in improving language teachers’ engagement in online education environments: voices from Chinese English teachers
Authors: Wang Jing
Published: July 2024

Given the integral role of teacher engagement in the efficiency of education, factors contributing to increased teacher engagement have always been at the forefront of researchers’ attention. Simply put, great attention has been dedicated to the predictors of teachers’ physical, cognitive, and emotional engagement in classroom contexts. However, factors predicting teachers’ engagement in online classes have somehow been neglected. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, no inquiry has considered the role of teacher professional development programs in language teachers’ engagement. To address these gaps, this study looked into the determinants of teacher engagement in virtual language courses and the function of professional development programs in increasing Chinese teachers’ engagement in online English classes. To accomplish this, an open-ended inventory was given to 37 Chinese English teachers. The thematic analysis of the dataset indicated that most of the participants perceived extrinsic factors such as user-friendly platforms, effective professional development programs, and principals’ transformational leadership to be more influential in teacher engagement. Data analysis also showed the majority of respondents viewed professional development programs to be highly effective in promoting teacher work engagement. The outcomes may be instructive for all teachers and educational principals working in online education environments.
MODERNIZATION OF THE CORPORATE MAIL SERVER PROTECTION SYSTEM
Authors:   Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Pavlinov D.V. , Ikonnikov S.E. ,   Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Ermakova A.E. ,   Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Antonov D.A. ,   Russian University of Transport (MIIT)
Published: July 2024

The article considers the task of building a system to protect a corporate mail server from spam through the use of access control lists and a contextual filter. When working with the Exim mail server, the introduction of a set of different anti-spam methods has achieved a significant reduction in spam messages reaching the user.
FEATURES OF INFORMATION PROTECTION IN THE ENTERPRISE NETWORK USING FIREWALLS
Authors:   Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Cheban A.G. , Korol S.A. ,   Russian University of Transport (MIIT)
Published: July 2024

The article discusses the principles of operation of classic firewalls and new generation firewalls. Their functions and application features for the protection of the enterprise network in modern conditions are considered.
EVALUATION OF THE ACCURACY OF MATHEMATICAL MONITORING IN SOLVING NON-STATIONARY WAVE PROBLEMS OF GEO OBJECTS
Authors:   Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Musayev V.K.
Published: July 2024

Information is provided on the reliability of mathematical monitoring for modeling unique objects under natural (earthquake) and technogenic (impact and explosion) impacts. A computing complex has been developed to study the tasks set.
MATHEMATICAL MONITORING IN THE PROBLEM OF MODELING AN EXTERNAL CONCENTRATED NON-STATIONARY IMPACT ON AN UNDERGROUND STRUCTURE
Authors:   Russian Academy of Rocket and Artillery Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Musayev V.K.
Published: July 2024

Information is provided on the modeling of unsteady waves in an underground structure under external shock. To assess the accuracy, the problem of the effect of two periods of a triangle and two periods of a sine wave is solved. The problem of an external concentrated impact (transient unsteady process) on an underground structure has been solved.
SOCIO-CULTURAL COMPETENCE FORMATION IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TRANSPORT: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE
Authors:   Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Alekseeva O.P.
Published: July 2024

The formation of sociocultural competence of students of the transport university is challenging in foreign language teaching. This article considers the sociocultural competence as an integral part of the communication competence. The main stages of its formation and specific features are revealed; the significance of socio-cultural factors in the educational content is explained.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SPECIAL VOCABULARY IN THE FIELD OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND LEAN LOGISTICS IN RUSSIAN AND FRENCH
Authors:   Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Golosova O.M. , Sosfenova I.A. ,   Russian University of Transport (MIIT)
Published: July 2024

This article examines the special vocabulary in the field of environmental and lean logistics in Russian and French, conducted a study of French terminology in the field of environmental and lean logistics, included in the environmental dictionaries of the French language, defined the system of this terminology, as well as a formal structural and semantic analysis of its constituent terms. The terminological system of any field of activity is constantly evolving. It seems important to conduct a comparative analysis of such vocabulary, since its relatively recently formed terminological system needs scientific understanding.
DIGITALISATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION: CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING WRITTEN CREATIVE WORK IN ENGLISH AT A NON-LINGUISTIC UNIVERSITY
Authors:   Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Kolos L.E.
Published: July 2024

This article considers the criteria for evaluating students' written creative works in the subject “Foreign Language” in non-linguistic universities. The study develops a flexible evaluation system with methodological justifications and recommendations. It contributes to the objective and detailed assessment of the level of language skills in the professional environment, improving the learning process and developing language competences. The necessity of using digital technologies in the creation of creative projects to develop related abilities is highlighted. As an example, the Freepik programme, which provides a wide range of tools for creating posters that can be evaluated according to a system of criteria, is given. The results of the study have practical value for non-language universities. The article is relevant and innovative due to the development of a new assessment system.
Efeito do estresse salino na germinação de Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth) Ducke
Authors: Silva Cassia , Ribeiro Maria Cleoneide Carlos , Silva Laisa Soares , Lima Ingrid Carla Ferreira de , Araújo Poliana Coqueiro Dias
Published: July 2024

A Jurema-branca é indicada para restauração florestal, no entanto, os programas de restauração requerem uma produção substancial de mudas, o que destaca a importância de compreender os fatores que restringem o crescimento da espécie, tais como a salinidade. Assim, este trabalho objetiva avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações salinas na germinação de sementes de três populações de Piptadenia stipulacea. As sementes foram coletadas de 45 matrizes em 3 populações distintas. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 (populações) x 4 (níveis de salinidade) e 4 repetições de 25 sementes. As sementes foram dispostas em papel Germitest mantidos em saco plástico, sendo armazenados a 26º C em B.O.D e avaliados diariamente até que a germinação fosse estabilizada. Nos tratamentos 1 e 2 as sementes tem tendência de maior índice de germinação, entretanto, o IVG diferiu entre populações e tratamentos, sendo Icapuí e Encanto as populações com maior velocidade de germinação no T1. Entretanto, apenas a população Mossoró germinou no T4, apresentando um IVG de 2,49. Conclui-se que a salinidade reduziu a germinação, sendo a população Mossoró com maior resistência.
Reseña analítica de la sentencia No. 50889 SP921-2020, de la Sala de Casación Penal de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Colombia, en relación al error de prohibición
Authors: Paz Trullo Victoria Eugenia
Published: July 2024

El error de prohibición se configura cuando el individuo tiene la creencia equivocada de que el comportamiento realizado no constituye delito, ya sea por un error en cuanto a la interpretación, ignora la existencia de la prohibición o supone que la norma no se encuentra vigente; en el radicado No. 50889 SP921-2020 la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Colombia aplicó esta figura al caso de un joven de 18 años que tenía una relación sentimental con una persona menor de 14 años con la que sostenía relaciones sexuales como un hecho consensuado, natural e implícito a este vínculo, desconociendo que estaba cometiendo el delito de acceso carnal abusivo con menor de 14 años. La Corte consideró que, si bien, el consentimiento de la persona menor de 14 años carece de eficacia jurídica, no implica que el autor sea culpable, pues este actuó bajo absoluta convicción de que su comportamiento no constituía un delito.
Reseña del libro “El juicio oral como mecanismo de garantía de Derechos Fundamentales”
Authors: Reyes Millán Graciela
Published: July 2024

La obra se dirige hacia el permeo que el contenido de los derechos fundamentales ha tenido en todas las demás normas e instituciones de los sistemas jurídicos contemporáneos, materializando así su dimensión objetiva, destacando que los procedimientos orales son más efectivos en la tutela de los derechos fundamentales en juego en el proceso, estableciendo al efecto un panegírico a la oralidad. Sus últimos dos capítulos recogen esto.
La convencionalidad y su compatibilidad con el procedimiento de responsabilidad administrativa, en México
Authors: Zavala González Agustín , Pozas Márquez Gustavo Adolfo
Published: July 2024

1. El Control de Convencionalidad es una institución jurídica que fue incorporada en México, como producto de una reforma constitucional en materia de Derechos Humanos de 2011,1 a través de ella, se configuró un mecanismo de protección de los derechos y prerrogativas que conforman el parámetro de control de la regularidad constitucional o bloque de constitucionalidad, derivado de las adecuaciones del artículo primero constitucional. 2. El Control de Convencionalidad como institución jurídica se sigue desarrollando a nivel de sistema regional de protección de los derechos humanos a través de diversas sentencias de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos y a nivel nacional en México por las resoluciones de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación. Las implicaciones y alcances determinados en ambos foros son distintos. En México el Control de Convencionalidad presupone una obligación exclusiva de los jueces, es decir, por quienes formal y materialmente realizan funciones jurisdiccionales, sin posibilidad de que pueda ser realizado por otro tipo de estructuras de poder, al margen de si colaboran o no en la aplicación material de justicia. 3. Sin embargo, dicha determinación no solo podría apartarse de la jurisprudencia emitida por el tribunal internacional, sino que al ser absoluta no toma en cuenta casos o supuestos específicos, como las funciones cuasi jurisdiccionales a cargo de autoridades no jurisdiccionales, lo que hace cuestionable dicha determinación. 4. Ahora bien, si consideramos que en México se encuentran integradas múltiples procedimientos en los que materialmente se administra justicia, aún y cuando no se hace a partir de instituciones jurisdiccionales, sino de otro tipo de organismos, es decir, de pertenencia al poder legislativo u otro. No podemos pasar inadvertido que en el sistema de cooperación y división de poderes del Estado Mexicano, hay órganos formalmente legislativos y ejecutivos que realizan funciones materialmente jurisdiccionales, como lo son el juicio político, la declaración de procedencia, o el procedimiento de responsabilidad administrativa; por lo que, se estima necesario analizar, en el marco del Sistema Interamericano de Protección de los Derechos Humanos, la compatibilidad del Control de Convencionalidad con dichas funciones, como mecanismo de protección para los derechos humanos de los gobernados. 5. Para iniciar con el análisis, en el presente trabajo solo se revisa una de las herramientas no jurisdiccionales de control constitucional, en específico el procedimiento de responsabilidad administrativa, mismo que tiene un fundamento constitucional, pero que quizás no se armoniza con los parámetros internacionales de derechos humanos.
Зберігання зерна в полімерних рукавах як відповідь на виклик воєнного часу в Україні
Authors: Бараболя О. В.
Published: July 2024

Вплив воєнних дій на сільськогосподарське виробництво є катастрофічним і проявляється у зменшенні площ сільськогосподарських угідь через окупацію або замінування, недолік робочої сили, подорожчання ресурсів (насіння, добрива, паливо) за одночасного зниження вартості виробленої продукції через ускладнену логістику реалізації, знищення та пошкодження зерносховищ і техніки. Мета статті – дослідження особливостей використання полімерних рукавів для збереження зерна в умовах воєнних дій на території України. В подібних умовах постає питання використання нетрадиційних технологій збереження зерна, до яких можна віднести так звану аргентинську технологію зберігання зерна в полімерних рукавах. На сьогоднішній день це найкраща з усіх відомих технологій зберігання вологого зерна не тільки на корм, але й для харчових цілей, а вартість зберігання приблизно в 2–3 рази нижча, ніж на елеваторі. Завдяки високій герметичності рукава відбувається самоущільнення зернової маси за рахунок зниження її біологічної активності, а зберігання його при нульових температурах сприяє природному охолодженню вмісту рукава. Доцільність використання зернових рукавів також обумовлена логістичними особливостями, які пов’язані з сезонністю виробництва зерна. Дослідженнями доведено, що зберігання в полімерних рукавах без втрати кількості й якості зерна можливе більше півроку залежно від його вологості. Наразі для покращення процесу зберігання використовується метод контрольованої атмосфери, що передбачає створення у полімерному зерновому рукаві суміші атмосферних газів, багатих CO2 і низьким вмістом O2, або їх комбінації. Активно також впроваджується використання спеціальних бездротових датчиків і платформи Internet-of-Crops® від компанії Centaur для дистанційного моніторингу температури, вологості зерна, концентрації O2 та/або CO2, що дозволяє контролювати якість зерна на зберіганні у будь-якому зерносховищі.
Морфологічні показники крові нутрій за трихурозної інвазії
Authors: Михайлютенко Е. В.
Published: July 2024

системі. Циркулюючі фагоцити (нейтрофіли, моноцити) першими включаються у розвиток запальної реакції. Стан еритроцитопоезу – це унікальний механізм, який займає домінуючу позицію у забезпеченні тканинного дихання й стабільності обмінних процесів в організмі. Лабораторні дослідження крові відносять до первинного показнику змін в організмі. На теренах України недостатньо уваги приділено вивченню морфологічних показників у інвазованих нутрій. Хоча на основі проведених досліджень і аналізу публікацій вчені стверджують, що зміни зі сторони еритроцитопоезу вказують на патологічний стан тварин. Тому метою нашої роботи було визначити вплив трихурисів на морфологічні показники хворих напівводяних гризунів. Робота виконана в умовах господарства «Докучаєвський мисливець» Полтавської області. Сформовано дослідну групу тварин віком 8 місяців, а також контрольну (по вісім голів у кожній). Морфологічні показники вивчали за загальноприйнятими методами. У статті узагальнено результати експерименту щодо впливу трихурисів на склад крові інвазованих нутрій. З’ясовано, що паразитування у напівводяних гризунів виду Trichuris myocastoris спричинює зміни у загальному аналізі крові: зниження вмісту гемоглобіну на 15,05, кількості еритроцитів – 19,37 %. Зниження даних показників підтверджує виникнення анемії. Водночас зниження лейкоцитів на 6,64 %, може свідчити про хронічний перебіг хвороби. У результаті проведеного морфологічного дослідження форменних елементів крові нутрій з диференційним підрахунком лейкоцитарної формули встановлено перерозподіл популяційного складу циркулюючих лейкоцитів, викликаний підтриманням / наявністю запального процесу. Діагностували вірогідне підвищення кількості моноцитів на 25,77 %. Отже, склад крові взаємообумовлює характер процесів, що протікають в організмі нутрій, й відображає дію трихурисів, яка ним сприймається. Результати морфологічних досліджень крові інвазованих нутрій вказують на істотні зміни в їх організмі й підтверджують опосередковану дію гельмінта.
From the existential stance to social constraints - How the human mind becomes embedded in our social, cultural and material context
Authors: GUÉNIN--CARLUT Avel
Published: July 2024

Contemporary social and cognitive science rely on the methodological separation between cognitive architecture on one hand, and the content of cultural norms and attitudes they integrate throughout their life on the other. Yet, a careful consideration of human development and of the deep history of human minds call into question the validity of this separation. We propose here a physical ontology describing the nature of social / cognitive structure, as well as as its relation to agency. Based on Active Inference, a computational and mathematical theory describing human cognition as a permanent prediction of one’s sensori-motor flow, we conceptualize the novel notion of social constraints. Social constraints formalizes the embedding of agent’s cognition in a shared social context, if those agents are prone to reflexively consider their own beliefs and actions as communicative acts in a cognitive attitude we call the existential stance. By analogy to gauge theory, the main foundational theory of contemporary physics, social constraints exist dually as formal symmetries over a system (here, prior beliefs over the causes of the agent’s sensation and actions) and as causal forces driving its dynamics (here, constraints over the agent’s cognitive activity, especially regarding the flow of their attention). But unlike the physical theories describing inert matter, social constraints are embedded in a shared material, social, and cultural environment which encultured agents must actively integrate and (re)produce through their activity. We consider the implications of this active process of integration and (re)production of social constraints, both for the underlying physical ontology and for the methodology of social and cognitive sciences. In particular, we provide a detailed account of the relation between social structure and cognitive agency, and we ground a description of social organization as bona fide biological organization embedded in the cultural and material context for human activity. Overall, our argument provides what is to our knowledge the first fully coherent physical ontology for the development of human cognition and the evolution of sociocultural forms of life.
Difficulty-as-improvement in Daily Life: Believing That Difficulties are Character-building Supports Well-being, Effortful Engagement, and Experiencing Successes
Authors: Kiper Gulnaz , Newman David B , Oyserman Daphna
Published: July 2024

People vary in how much they believe suffering unbidden life difficulties can strengthen their character; these “difficulty-as-improvement” beliefs carry over to differing preferences for more effortful means of attaining possible self-goals. We conducted four two-week diary studies (N=382), finding that on average people reported experiencing difficulty on 88.16% of the days they filled in a diary. Multilevel analyses document that on these days, within-person daily variability in endorsing difficulty-as-improvement is associated with daily action, outcomes, and self-judgments, controlling for the positivity-negativity of daily events. Lagged analyses suggest small-sized effects of yesterday’s difficulty-as-improvement on today’s self-esteem and sense of life as meaningful. We infer that endorsing difficulty-as-improvement supports meaning (difficulties happen for a reason) and worth (you are good enough).
What is behavioral complexity? Lay perceptions of characteristics of complex behavior
Authors: Dorina Indita , Mullan Barbara , Boyes Mark Edward , McAlpine Thomas
Published: July 2024

A behavior’s complexity may impact habit formation, with implications for habit-based public health and environmental intervention designs. However, there are varying conceptualizations of behavioral complexity, hindering synthesis of findings. To develop a unified definition, the aim of this study was to explore perceptions of behavioral complexity and identify behaviors that exemplify aspects of complexity. Participants (N = 225) completed a questionnaire concerning the complexity of various health and environmental behaviors, the importance of complexity characteristics previously identified by researchers (novelty, difficulty, steps, planning, immediacy of reward, time, attention, skill, mental resources, self-efficacy, and motivation for a behavior, and supportiveness of the context) and demographics. Participants considered all proposed characteristics to be important. Complex behaviors (e.g., abstaining from smoking, taking insulin shots), compared to simple behaviors (e.g., eating fruit, stretching) are more likely to be true to the previously identified characteristics. Perceived complexity is influenced by several salient characteristics. Results may contribute to a synthesized definition and underpin future research to better identify behavior change techniques to foster habitual behaviors of varying complexity. Hence, researchers, practitioners and policymakers may identify common barriers and facilitators of behavior to target in interventions. But further research is required to contextualize the findings.
Lay theories of moral progress
Authors: Lewry Casey , Asifriyaz Sana , Lombrozo Tania
Published: July 2024

Many consider the world to be morally better today than it was in the past and expect moral improvement to continue. How do people explain what drives this change? In this paper, we identify two ways people might think about how moral progress occurs: that it is driven by human action (i.e., if people did not actively work to make the world better, moral progress would not occur) or that it is driven by an unspecified mechanism (i.e., that our world is destined to morally improve, but without specifying a role for human action). In Study 1 (N=147), we find that those who more strongly believe that the mechanism of moral progress is human action are more likely to believe their own intervention is warranted to correct a moral setback. In Study 2 (N=145), we find that this translates to intended action: those who more strongly believe moral progress is driven by human action report that they would donate more money to correct a moral setback. In Study 3 (N=297), participants generate their own explanations for why moral progress occurs. We find that participants’ donation intentions are predicted by whether their explanations state that human action drives moral progress. Together these studies suggest that beliefs about the mechanisms of moral progress have important implications for engaging in social action.
Balancing Between Categorical and Dimensional Assessment in Short-Scale Construction Using Ant Colony Optimization
Authors: Achaa-Amankwaa Priscilla , Trautwein Tim , Lenhard Wolfgang , Schroeders Ulrich
Published: July 2024

Language proficiency assessment poses particular challenges for test developers in selecting items that allow for a clear assignment of individuals to language proficiency levels (categorical assessment), while at the same time providing a reliable and comprehensive dimensional assessment of language proficiency. We show how Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) can be used to achieve a balance between these measurement goals, using a German entry-level language assessment as a working example. We tailored competing ACO algorithms to develop short scales of different lengths that met several pre-specified criteria, including model fit, composite reliability, and criterion validity. In optimizing the short scales, we favored either accurate dimensional assessment (model fit and composite reliability), between-category classification accuracy (a high polychoric correlation between model-predicted and independently assessed proficiency levels), or a balance of both. We argue that scale optimization strategies such as ACO are essential for balancing conflicting measurement goals such as optimizing between categorical and dimensional assessment.
Note-taking Across Modalities: Improving Learning in Science Lectures
Authors: Wolff Annemarie , Bongers Amanda , Yu Victoria , Leger Bela
Published: July 2024

When students take notes during undergraduate lectures today, they are often typing on their computers or drawing in their notebooks. Effective notetaking requires active organization of the presented information, as opposed to non-generative processes such as copying or simply reading material. However, these effects remain unclear in disciplines that depend on visual models and thus rely on verbatim copying of visuals. To investigate this, we conducted a study into the effects of integrated note-taking on learning during a video lecture. Participants were prompted to take verbatim (copying visuals) or generative (pre-emptive manipulation or transformation of visuals) notes using a tablet at intervals during an organic chemistry lecture, while their behavioral (duration), ocular (eye-tracking) and neural activity (EEG) was measured. We found that participants in the generate condition took longer reading instructions, were faster to complete tasks, and had lower Shannon entropy in pupil diameter during tasks. During the lecture videos, participants in the generate condition had a higher relative increase in alpha (8-13Hz) band power during the latter part of the lecture, and greater increases in scale-free neural activity throughout the lectures. Together, these findings suggest greater learning and performance in the generate compared to the copy condition. Overall, pausing and prompting generative notetaking is recommended to sustain learners’ engagement with the lecture content.
Pubertal Development and Body Mass Index are associated with Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Activation in Response to Unhealthy Food Cues
Authors: van Meer Floor , van der Laan Laura Nynke , Eiben Gabriele , Lissner Lauren , Wolters Maike , Rach Stefan , Herrmann Manfred , Erhard Peter , Molnar Denes , Orsi Gergely , Adan Roger , Smeets Paul A.M.
Published: July 2024

Unhealthy food cues are omnipresent and promote overconsumption. Although childhood obesity rates are increasing, there is no strict regulation of the marketing of unhealthy foods towards children. This is problematic since children’s brains, especially areas important for cognitive control, do not mature until their early 20s. It is not known in how far the brain response to unhealthy food cues varies with body mass index and age. To investigate this, 168 children (10-17 y; 71 prepubertal children, 97 pubertal children) and 182 adults (30-67 y) from the European IDEFICS cohort were scanned with fMRI while viewing pictures of healthy and unhealthy foods. Pubertal children exhibited lower activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) compared to adults when exposed to unhealthy food cues. Across all age groups, individuals with higher body mass demonstrated reduced activation in the middle cingulum in response to unhealthy food stimuli. Lastly, the relation between body mass index and brain activation in response to unhealthy compared with healthy food stimuli varied with development: in prepubertal children, higher body mass index was correlated with decreased activation in right anterior insula and right dlPFC, whereas no such relationship was observed in pubertal children or adults. These findings suggest that pubertal children and prepubertal children with higher body mass index may be particularly vulnerable to unhealthy food cues. In this light, the lack of regulation regarding unhealthy food marketing targeted at is concerning, especially considering the global increase in obesity rates.
Open But Hidden: Open Access Gaps in the National Science Foundation Public Access Repository
Authors: Powell Kimberly R , Townes Jennifer , Rascoe Fred
Published: July 2024

Introduction: In 2022, the U.S. government released new guidelines for making publicly funded research open and available. For the National Science Foundation (NSF), these policies reinforce requirements in place since 2016 for supported research to be submitted to the Public Access Repository (PAR).
Methods: To evaluate the public access compliance of research articles submitted to the NSF-PAR, this study searched for NSF-PAR records published between 2017 and 2021 from two research intensive institutions. Records were reviewed to determine whether the PAR held a deposited copy, as required by the 2016 policies, or provided a link out to publisher-held version(s).
Results: A total of 841 unique records were identified, all with publicly accessible versions. Yet only 42% had a deposited PDF version available in the repository as required by the NSF 2016 Public Access Policy. The remaining 58% directed instead to publisher-held versions. In total, only 55% of record links labeled “Full Text Available” directed users to a publicly accessible version with a single click.
Discussion: Records within PAR do not clearly direct users to the publicly accessible full text. In almost half of records, the most prominently displayed link directed users to a paywall version, even when a publicly available version existed. Records accessible only through the CHORUS (Clearing House for the Open Research of the United States) initiative were further obscured by requiring specialized navigation of publisher-owned sites.
Conclusion: Despite having a repository mandate since 2016, NSF compliance rates remain low. Additional support and/or oversight is needed to address the additional requirements introduced under the 2022 memo.
Multi objective optimization approach for multi-item inventory control: A case study in leather industry
Authors: Nafisah Laila , Prasetyo Gigih Jono , Nursubiyantoro Eko , Chaeron Mochammad , Soepardi Apriani , Suharsih Sri
Published: July 2024

PT ASA is a leather tanning company. Almost 65% of the company's assets are allocated for the procurement of raw leather, which consists of goat and sheepskin. In addition to being expensive, the availability of raw leather is also very limited. The company faces a trade-off where, on one hand, the raw material is easily decayed, but on the other hand, its availability is extremely limited, and if there is not enough inventory, the production process will be disrupted. In this research, a multi-objective optimization model is developed for controlling the inventory of raw leather using the Fuzzy Goal Programming approach. The objectives to be achieved are to minimize the total inventory cost, maximize the total quantity of raw leather that meets standards, and minimize the total cost of losses due to decayed raw leather. Based on the calculations, the fuzzy goal programming membership function value is obtained at 0.9155, with a total inventory cost over the planning horizon of IDR 10,341,630,000, a total of 1,279,542 sq ft of raw leather meeting standards, and a total loss cost due to decayed raw leather of IDR 142,911,691.
Facility layout design of bag and apparel factory with systematic layout planning and computerized relative allocation of facilities technique method
Authors: Fitrian Alvin Noor , Lestari Dwi
Published: July 2024

The high market attractiveness index and competitive position made Dewi Media Lestari invest in building a new factory. The factory specifically is used to produce convection products and apparel. Development is carried out using a systematic layout planning and computerized relative allocation of facilities technique. The objective of this research is to obtain an ideal layout that can minimize the distance between departments. As a result, there are nine departments with a total area of 385 m2 consisting of 18 m2loading dock department, 36 m2 raw material department, 86 m2cutting department, 42 m2 branding department, 21 m2 screen printing department, 105 m2 sewing department, 28 m2 finishing department, 28 m2 packing department, and 21 m2 warehouse department. Material handling costs for the initial layout produced using the systematic layout planning method are IDR 29,808.95 per day. After adjusting with Computerized Relative Facility Allocation Technique, the most ideal final layout was produced with minimal material handling costs of IDR 24,411.40 per day.
The organic waste management supply chain performance evaluation strategy uses an Interpretive Structural Modeling approach
Authors: Arsiwi Pramudi , Setyaningrum Ratih , Talitha Tita , Ramdhani Safarudin
Published: July 2024

National Waste Management Information System shows that the amount of waste handled in Semarang City over the last three years has decreased with an average decline index of 1.06% per year. This is reinforced by the results of interviews with the Semarang City Environmental Service, that the handling of organic waste is still very limited because so far the handling has been more focused on an-organic waste. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate supply chain performance to determine the constraints in organic waste management from upstream to downstream. Based on the research results using the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) method through a focus group discussion process involving eight experts in the field of waste management, it is known that the supply chain performance for handling organic waste in Semarang City has 11 elements of constraints, which are divided into seven priority levels. The element with the highest priority is related to the availability of organic waste supplies, while the element with the lowest priority is technological innovation and the application of appropriate technology. Improving the performance of organic waste management supply chains should focus on elements according to priority.