bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: assessing the problem status and identifying priority areas for improving the care provision. Data from the 2020-2022 Crimean registry
Authors: Birkun A. A. , Frolova L. P. , Buglak G. N.
Published: February 2024

Aim. To study the regional epidemiological characteristics of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), the process and effectiveness of care for OHCA, and identify priority areas for improving the care provision.

Material and methods. An analysis of the data from the "Crimean registry of cases of OHCA and cardiopulmonary resuscitation" was performed. The study used data from 2020 to 2022. The analytical sample consisted of all OHCA cases developed before the ambulance arrival, followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

Results. Of the 356 OHCA cases occurred before the ambulance arrival, followed by CPR (2020 — 141, 2021 — 103, 2022 — 112), in 65,2% of cases (n=232) cardiac arrest developed in men, in 64,0% (n=228) — in city residents, 70,2% (n=250) — in private houses or apartments. The mean age was 59 years (median 62 years). The cause of 89,6% of OHCA cases (n=319) was disease, 3,9% (n=14) — drowning, 2,8% (n=10) — trauma, 2,0% (n=7) — asphyxia, 1,1% (n=4) — toxicity, 0,6% (n=2) — electrical injury. In addition, 7,3% (n=26) of patients survived. Bystanders attempted CPR before ambulance arrived in 27,2% (n=97) of cases. In cases where CPR was performed by bystanders, ambulance specialists were 2,5 times more likely to register a potentially shockable rhythm on the primary electrocardiogram (19,6% and 7,7%, respectively; p=0,001), 2,2 times more often performed defibrillation (22,7% and 10,4%, respectively; p=0,003). When defibrillation was performed, the proportion of survivors was 3,9 times higher than without defibrillation (20,4% and 5,2%, respectively; p=0,001).

Conclusion. Conducting CPR by OHCA bystanders increases the success rate of CPR performed by ambulance team. However, bystanders rarely provide first aid, which causes a high mortality rate. To reduce mortality in OHCA, the attention should be focused on the development, implementation and regulatory support of measures aimed at involving the population in providing first aid. This should include regular population training in CPR, widespread popularization of first aid, remote provision of CPR instructions by emergency dispatchers to untrained OHCA bystanders and ensuring the availability of automated external defibrillators.
Combined use of beta-blockers and non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers: possible or contraindicated?
Authors: Yakushin S. S. , Pereverzeva K. G.
Published: February 2024

One of the most effective medications used for various cardiac diseases and syndromes to improve symptoms and, in some cases, prognosis, are betablockers (BBs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs). The combination of BBs and dihydropyridine CCBs has a synergistic clinical effect and is well tolerated. The clinical effects of a combination of beta blockers and non-dihydropyridine CCBs (verapamil, diltiazem) are also synergistic. However, this combination increases the incidence of side effects and complications of drug therapy.

The article discusses the controversial issues of such a combination and substantiates the main conclusion that the discussed combination is not applicable in routine practice. This position should be clearly reflected in all Russian cardiology guidelines. However, the article discusses the possible combined use of BBs with nondihydropyridine CCBs in isolated cases, excluding contraindications, taking into account almost daily monitoring of tolerability, individual characteristics of the patient and by decision of a medical team.
Triple fixed-dose combination of amlodipine, indapamide and perindopril for hypertension in patients with stable coronary artery disease and abdominal obesity
Authors: Polyakova E. A. , Khalimov Yu. Sh.
Published: February 2024

Aim.In an open-label clinical trial, to evaluate the effectiveness and impact on metabolic parameters of triple antihypertensive combination therapy with amlodipine, indapamide and perindopril arginine (perindopril A) in patients with hypertension (HTN) and stable coronary artery disease (CAD) in combination with abdominal obesity (AO), who have not had an adequate response to dual antihypertensive therapy for at least 4 weeks.

Material and methods.The study included 68 adult patients aged 42 to 64 years (51 (47; 60) years) with AO, stable CAD and uncontrolled HTN, despite treatment with two drugs: an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and a thiazide and thiazide-like diuretic. In the study, patients, in accordance with the general characteristics of the drug, after prescribing a free triple-dose combination of amlodipine, indapamide, perindopril in appropriate dosages, received one of the following combination of amlodipine/indapamide/perindopril for 24 weeks: group 1 (n=34) — 10/2,5/10 mg and group 2 (n=34) — 5/1,25/5 mg, one tablet daily. The analysis of the primary endpoint was to assess the change in mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the sitting position from baseline to 24 weeks. Secondary efficacy endpoints included the proportion of patients achieving target mean SBP and DBP values for this category in the sitting position of 120-130 mm Hg and 70-79 mm Hg, respectively, at 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks. Safety was assessed throughout the study. The effect on metabolic parameters was assessed at 24 weeks of the study.

Results.Sixty-seven (98,5%) patients completed the study. The mean decrease in blood pressure from the initial level (group 1159/96 mm Hg; group 2161/95 mm Hg) to 24 weeks (group 1 126/76 mm Hg; group 2 132/84 mm Hg) was significant (p<0,0001 for all). The proportion of patients who reached the target mean values of SBP (120-130 mm Hg) and DBP (70-79 mm Hg) in the sitting position by 24 weeks was 80,16% and 79,28% in group 1, respectively; in group 2 — 65,32% and 70,06%, respectively. No serious adverse events were recorded. Its administration, regardless of the doses of individual components in combination, was accompanied not only by metabolic neutrality in relation to carbohydrate, lipid and purine metabolism, a decrease in chronic inflammation, but was also associated with a decrease in serum leptin concentration and subcutaneous adipose tissue, an increase in tissue sensitivity to leptin, as well as a decrease in the size of adipocytes in subcutaneous fat.

Conclusion.Triple fixed-dose of amlodipine/indapamide/perindopril in two different dosages is effective, safe and well tolerated in patients with HTN and stable CAD in combination with AO.
Serum levels of neuregulin-1 in patients with coronary artery disease: clinical and pathogenetic aspects
Authors: Zakharyan E. A. , Ushakov A. V.
Published: February 2024

Aim. To determine the relationship between the serum level of neu-regulin-1 (NRG-1) and the severity of coronary artery (CA) atherosclerosis and clinical and paraclinical characteristics of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Material and methods. The study included 264 people, of which 220 were patients diagnosed with coronary CAD. The patients underwent coronary angiography using the Synergy between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score and echocardiography. The patients were divided into groups according to SYNTAX score: group 1 — with moderate CA atherosclerosis (≤22 (n=124); group 2 — with severe CA atherosclerosis (23-32) (n=53); group 3 — with extremely severe CA atherosclerosis (≥33) (n=43). Group 4 was represented by healthy volunteers (n=44). All subjects underwent a study of the serum NRG-1 (ng/ml) level. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using Statistica 10.0 software. Differences were considered significant at p<0,05.

Results. Significantly higher NRG-1 values were obtained in the control group compared to patients with CAD (p<0,001). An inverse correlation was found between the NRG-1 concentration and the severity of CA atherosclerosis (p<0,001). A decrease in NRG-1 concentration is associated with a high functional class of = heart failure (p<0,01) and low left ventricular ejection fraction (p<0,001). The significance of NRG-1 differences between groups of patients with a history of myocardial infarction (p<0,001), angina pectoris (p<0,01), permanent atrial fibrillation (p<0,01), chronic left ventricular aneurysm (p<0,01) and repeated myocardial infarction (p<0,05) in comparison with patients without these pathologies.

Conclusion. The identified correlations between the NRG-1 concentration and CAD, as well as the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of patients, makes it possible to consider NRG-1 as a reliable biomarker of CA and heart failure severity and may form the basis for the development of novel diagnostic approaches.
Peach cultivars and new IAC selections for mild winter
Authors: Sobierajski Graciela da Rocha , Feldberg Nelson Pires , Barros Vera Lucia Nishijima Paes de , Blain Gabriel Constantino , Bettiol Neto José Emílio , Chagas Edvan Alves
Published: February 2024

Abstract Traditional peach production regions provide adequate chill for satisfactorily bud’s flower break dormancy, in cultivars there developed. However, considering the expansion of the orchards in mild winter areas and the expected global trends to warmer conditions, the local development of cultivars became relevant. Based on this background, this study proposed to evaluate the performance of 33 peach and nectarine cultivars and selections in mild winter climate. Features associated to the vegetative development, phenology, productivity and fruit characteristics were measured in nine seasons, and the data analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance. Significant correlations between features were remarked. The Pillai and F tests presented significant results, highlighting significant differences among cultivars for almost all features. Peach and nectarine genotypes showed genetic diversity that may be accessed for use as cultivars, or parental for crosses. ‘IAC Aurora 1’, ‘IAC Aurora 2’, ‘IAC Centenário’, ‘IAC Douradão’, ‘IAC Jóia4’, ‘IAC Ouromel 3’, ‘IAC Régis’, ‘Diamante’, ‘Eldorado’, ‘FlordaPrince’, ‘Premier’ and ‘Tropic Beauty’ were the cultivars with the best results. A large number of selections showed promising results, emphasizing, the ‘IAC 680-177’, ‘IAC 1085-27’, ‘IAC 785-9’, ‘IAC 2982-31’, ‘IAC 4682-45’and ‘IAC 6882-84’.
Razão de mortalidade hospitalar padronizada: limites e potencialidades do indicador para a avaliação do desempenho hospitalar no Sistema Único de Saúde, Brasil
Authors: Schilling Marla Presa Raulino , Portela Margareth Crisóstomo , Martins Mônica
Published: February 2024

Resumo: Análises comparativas, baseadas em indicadores de desempenho clínico, para monitorar a qualidade da assistência hospitalar vêm sendo realizadas há décadas em vários países, com destaque para a razão de mortalidade hospitalar padronizada (RMHP). No Brasil, ainda são escassos os estudos e a adoção de instrumentos metodológicos que permitam análises regulares do desempenho das instituições. O objetivo deste artigo foi explorar o uso da RMHP para a comparação do desempenho dos hospitais remunerados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O Sistema de Informações Hospitalares foi a fonte de dados sobre as internações de adultos realizadas no Brasil entre 2017 e 2019. A abordagem metodológica para estimar a RMHP foi adaptada aos dados disponíveis e incluiu as causas de internação (diagnóstico principal) responsáveis por 80% dos óbitos. O número de óbitos esperados foi estimado por um modelo de regressão logística que incluiu variáveis preditoras amplamente descritas na literatura. A análise foi realizada em duas etapas: (i) nível da internação e (ii) nível do hospital. O modelo final de ajuste de risco apresentou estatística C de 0,774, valor considerado adequado. Foi observada grande variação da RMHP, especialmente entre os hospitais com pior desempenho (1,54 a 6,77). Houve melhor desempenho dos hospitais privados em relação aos hospitais públicos. Apesar de limites nos dados disponíveis e desafios ainda vislumbrados para a sua utilização mais refinada, a RMHP é aplicável e tem potencial para se tornar um elemento importante na avaliação do desempenho hospitalar no SUS.
Perfil e percurso profissional de egressos dos cursos de mestrado e doutorado da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (2013-2020)
Authors: Deslandes Suely , Pina Joviana Quintes Avanci , Pinto Liana Wernersbach , Delgado Isabella Fernandes , Silva Cosme Marcelo Furtado Passos da
Published: February 2024

Resumo: O objetivo do estudo é analisar o perfil de egressos e identificar fatores associados ao desempenho positivo relativo à trajetória de formação e de inserção profissional entre aqueles que concluíram cursos presenciais de mestrado e doutorado acadêmico da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Brasil). Participaram do estudo 2.462 egressos (1.402 de mestrado e 1.060 de doutorado) que responderam um questionário digital, contendo questões sobre perfil do egresso e inserção profissional antes do ingresso no curso e após a conclusão. Foi criada uma medida sobre “desempenho positivo pós-curso”. Os resultados revelam que egressos de mestrado com impacto positivo do curso tendem a ser homens; ter especialização antes de ingressar no curso; ter emprego remunerado após o término do curso nas áreas de pesquisa, educação, assistência e gestão; e ser servidor público. No doutorado o seguinte perfil é evidenciado: egressos com emprego remunerado após o término do curso nas áreas de pesquisa ou educação; contratados por Regime Jurídico Único ou contrato temporário de pessoa jurídica; e com publicação científica ou patente. A avaliação/acompanhamento de egressos deve se instaurar como uma importante política pública educacional, incorporada no processo de autoavaliação institucional, o que possibilita rever rumos e prioridades na agenda educacional e pedagógica da instituição.
Production of a Ric c3 hypo-allergen with no IgE binding or anaphylactogenic activity
Authors: Bartholazzi M. G. B. , Lodi T. M. , Mello E. S. , Carvalho A. O. , Beirão B. C. B. , Machado O. L.T.
Published: February 2024

Abstract Several studies have been carried out to expand the use of Ricinus communis L. castor bean (Ricinus communis L castor bean.). This oilseed finds appropriate conditions for its development in Brazil, with more than 700 applications. The main allergens of this plant are Ric c1 and Ric c3, that cross-react with various aeroallergens and food allergens such as peanuts, soybeans, corn, and wheat. This study aimed to determine the effect of mutations in Ric c3 amino acid residues known to affect IgE binding and allergy challenges. Based on the Ric c3 structure, B-cell epitopes, and amino acid involved in IgE binding, we produce recombinant mutant protein, mrRic c3, secreted from E. coli. Strategic glutamic acid residues in IgE-biding regions were changed by Leucine. The allergenicity of mrRic c3 was evaluated by determination of IgE, IgG1, and total IgG in immunized Balb/c mice and by degranulation assays of mast cells isolated from Wistar rats. The mrRic c3 presented a percentage of mast cell degranulation close to that seen in the negative control, and the immunization of mice with mrRic c3 presented lower levels of IgE and IgG1 than the group treated with the protein without mutations. The mutant mrRic c3 had an altered structure and reduced ability to stimulate pro-inflammatory responses and bind IgE but retained its ability to induce blocking antibodies. Thus, producing a hypoallergenic mutant allergen (mrRic c3) may be essential in developing new AIT strategies.
Brycon hilarii produced in hapas: effects in allometric growth
Authors: Oliveira F. C. , Corrêa-Filho R. A. C. , Acunha R. M. G. , Povh J. A. , Ferraz A. L. J. , Campos C. M.
Published: February 2024

Abstract Biometric evaluations are essential to determine the growth characteristics related to the weight and length of fish. This study aimed to determine the growth patterns of juvenile piraputangas (Brycon hilarii) produced in hapas within an excavated pond. The piraputangas were anesthetized and micro-chipped and their biometric characteristics were measured. Subsequently, the fish were distributed in six hapas of eight m3 at the density of 20 fish/hapa, totaling 120 animals. During the experimental period six months, the fish were fed twice (5% of the biomass) a day. Every 30 days, all fish were sampled to measure the biometric characteristics of body weight (g); standard length; total length; head height; head length; body height and body width (cm). The calculations of the weight ratio with the biometric characteristics were determined using allometric equation and estimated by linear regression according to the equation log Y = log a + b log X. All tested relationships were significant by the Student t-test (p < 0.05). Allometric growth was positive for: weight x total length; standard weight x length; weight x head height; weight x head length and weight x body height. The relative condition factor of piraputangas observed in this study was 1.00. The study provided information on the allometric parameters of juvenile Brycon hilarii produced in hapas, and the relative condition factor indicated good growth conditions for piraputangas with positive allometric growth.
In vitro evaluation of methanol extracts of edible fungi Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes against Rhyssomatus nigerrimus Fahraeus
Authors: Castañeda-Ramírez G. S. , López-Guillen G. , Cruz-López L. , Hernández-Núñez E. , Wong-Villarreal A. , Sánchez J. E. , Aguilar-Marcelino L.
Published: February 2024

Abstract The study aimed to evaluate the insecticidal activity of extracts of edible mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes against Rhyssomatus nigerrimus. Methanol:water extracts (70:30) of P. ostreatus and L. edodes were made and evaluated in two in vitro tests (exposure and immersion toxic effect) against R. nigerrimus. Subsequently, the toxicity test of the extracts against Artemia salina was evaluated. These extracts were subjected to colorimetric tests and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed a mortality effect against R. nigerrimus of 50% for the P. ostreatus 2 extracts at a concentration of 20% in the immersion test. Likewise, in the toxic effect test, 90% mortality was observed after five days of exposure to a concentration of 10%. On the other hand, for the toxicity test, the extract that showed the values with the highest mortality against A. salina was P. ostreatus, starting with 80% mortality at 100μg/mL. The functional groups present in the extracts were saponins, coumarins, and alkaloids. Furthermore, the presence of more than 7 compounds in the mushroom extracts evaluated is reported. This study demonstrates the insecticidal activity of P. ostreatus and L. edodes fungal extracts and indicates the importance of using different in vitro tests to elucidate the mechanism of action for future studies.
Yield and centesimal characterization of collagen extracted from the skin of peacock bass Cichla monoculus
Authors: Nóbrega T. C. , Guimarães C. C. , Barai A. A. , Mourão L. S. , Oliveira P. R. , Inhamuns A. J. , Oliveira A. T.
Published: February 2024

Abstract Fish processing provides waste of around 50.0% to 70.0% of the animal's initial weight, especially the skin. Thus, this residue contains the by-product that allows biopolymers to be obtained, highlighting collagen, which can be widely used in different areas. The present study aimed to evaluate the yield of collagen extracted from peacock bass Cichla monoculus skin and to characterize them physicochemically. Twenty-five peacock bass with an average weight of 646 ± 175 g were used. The skin samples were removed by manual filleting and weighed, with an average yield of 3.7%. Subsequently, such models were analyzed for chemical composition, showing 61.8% for moisture, 29.3% for crude protein, 1.5% for ash, 6.3% for total lipids, and 1.2% for non-nitrogenous extract (NNE). Acid-soluble collagen (ASC) presented an average yield of 8.2%, presenting in its analysis of centesimal composition 12.5% of moisture, 82.6% of crude protein, 1.1% of ash, 2.6% of total lipids, and 1.2% NNE. The skin and collagen extracted from the tucunaré skin have technological potential for use in the preparation of products, adding value to these by-products from fish processing.
Effect of cationic surfactant on the physicochemical and antibacterial properties of colloidal systems (emulsions and microemulsions)
Authors: Rambo M. K. D. , Lins R. F. , Silva F. L. N , Alonso A. , Rambo M. C. D. , Leal J. E. C , Sousa-Neto D. de
Published: February 2024

Abstract Colloidal systems have been used to encapsulate, protect and release essential oils in mouthwashes. In this study, we investigated the effect of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) on the physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of oil-in-water colloidal systems containing tea tree oil (TTO) and the nonionic surfactant polysorbate 80. Our main aim was to evaluate whether CPC could improve the antimicrobial activity of TTO, since this activity is impaired when this essential oil is encapsulated with polysorbate 80. These systems were prepared with different amounts of TTO (0-0.5% w/w) and CPC (0-0.5% w/w), at a final concentration of 2% (w/w) polysorbate 80. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) results revealed the formation of oil-swollen micelles and oil droplets as a function of TTO concentration. Increases in CPC concentrations led to a reduction of around 88% in the mean diameter of oil-swollen micelles. Although this variation was of only 20% for the oil droplets, the samples appearance changed from turbid to transparent. The surface charge of colloidal structures was also markedly affected by the CPC as demonstrated by the transition in zeta potential from slightly negative to highly positive values. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies showed that this transition is followed by significant increases in the fluidity of surfactant monolayer of both colloidal structures. The antimicrobial activity of colloidal systems was tested against a Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureaus) bacteria. Our results revealed that the inhibition of bacterial growth is observed for the same CPC concentration (0.05% w/w for E. coli and 0.3% w/w for S. aureus) regardless of TTO content. These findings suggest that TTO may not act as an active ingredient in polysorbate 80 containing mouthwashes.
Immunohistochemical expression of vimentin, E-cadherin, and CD45 in natural cases of canine cutaneous round tumors
Authors: Oda S. S. , Tawfik M. F. , Othman S. I. , Rudayni H. A. , Allam A. A. , Khafaga A. F.
Published: February 2024

Abstract Round cell tumors are common cutaneous lesions in dogs, with increased occurrence percentages among different skin tumors. This study aimed to investigate the frequency as well as gross and pathological characteristics of round cell tumors in natural cases of tumorous dogs in relation to breed, sex, and age. Moreover, it aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of a panel of immunohistochemical stains, including vimentin, E-cadherin, and cluster of differentiation (CD45) as an adjunct technique for the differential diagnosis of cutaneous round cell neoplasm. Data were collected from 64 dogs of both sexes (36 females and 28 males), various breeds, and different ages (8 months to 7 years). The histopathological nature of neoplastic growth was reported, and neoplasm prevalence was classified using age, sex, breed, and site on the body. We observed 48 cases of transmissible venereal tumors, 12 cutaneous histiocytomas, and 4 histiocytic sarcoma. Immunohistochemical characterization revealed an intense positive immunoreactivity for vimentin in transmissible venereal tumor cells and moderate positive immunoreactivity for E-cadherin and CD45 in cutaneous histiocytoma and histiocytic sarcoma cells. In conclusion, the canine transmissible venereal tumor was the most frequent form of round cell tumor; thus, a definitive cutaneous neoplasm diagnosis should be based on histopathological morphology and immunohistochemical findings.
Inheritance of breeding traits in Karakul sheep under different selection approaches
Authors: Parzhanov Zh. , Azhimetov N. , Kistaubayev Ye. , Tlegenova K. , Yussupbayev Z.
Published: February 2024

Abstract In the previous century, each intrabreed type of the Karakul sheep breed was characterized by significant numbers, representing a super population with rich genetic diversity. However, over time, the genetic diversity within the breed's gene pool has undergone significant depletion. At present, the Karakul breed is predominantly composed of only two small populations, distinguished by their fur colors: black and gray. Consequently, under such circumstances, genetic advancements in breeding endeavors are likely to be relatively limited, especially given the potential risk of these populations disappearing altogether in the future. Hence, the preservation and judicious utilization of the available genetic resources within the black and gray Karakul sheep populations hold paramount importance in breeding efforts. The primary objective of our research was to investigate the heritability of breeding traits among gray lambs through various selection options. The study was conducted at the “Kumkent” base farm in the Sozak district of the Kyzylorda region. Our findings revealed that the inheritance of gray and black fur colors across the different selection options occurred in a consistent ratio. In the first selection variant (a gray ram with even silver marking ♂ x a black jacket fur type ewe with intense pigmentation ♀), the proportion of gray offspring was 50.6%. Similarly, in the second selection variant (a black jacket fur type ram with intense pigmentation ♂ x a gray ewe with even silver marking ♀), the proportion of gray offspring was 49.6%. The percentage of black lambs obtained in both selection options was nearly equivalent, with 49.4% and 50.4% in the first and second variants, respectively.
The Dorper breed as a stage in the sustainable development of the agroindustry
Authors: Pogodaev V. , Parzhanov Zh. , Azhimetov N. , Sergeeva N. , Akhynova U. , Tenlibayeva A. , Mustiyar T.
Published: February 2024

Abstract The economic condition, national economic significance and prospects for the development of sheep breeding in our country directly depend on the meat productivity of sheep. The purpose of our research was to study the qualitative indicators of sheepskins and the histological structure of the skin of Kalmyk fat-tailed rams and crossbreeds obtained on the basis of crossing of Kalmyk fat-tailed ewes with Dorper rams. The work was carried out in LLC “Agrofirma Aduchi”, Republic of Kalmykia. It was found that the coarser wool of the rams of group I was 4.7 microns or 12.9%, in contrast to the peers of group II. The control animals have 40 quality wool, and the experimental ones - 36, that is, the wool of hybrid young animals is thinner by two whole qualities, which is a very good indicator for the textile industry. The fineness of the awn was thicker in purebred rams by 8.5%, the fineness of transitional hair and fluff by 17.8%, in contrast to hybrid young. In the study of the histological parameters of the skin, it was revealed that the rams of group I had 352.57 µm thicker skin (14.52%) in comparison with their peers in group II. In this case, the thickness of the layers of the total thickness of the skin in animals of group I is: epidermis - 0.8%, pilar - 69.8%, reticular - 29.4%; Group II - epidermis - 1.2%, pilar - 60.5%, reticular - 38.3%. The densest epidermis was found in crossbred young animals of group II. Their superiority in this indicator over their peers in the control group was 6.12 microns or 27.7%. This is due to the fact that in animals of the meat direction, the epidermal part (flesh) is thicker. Crossbred rams have a larger area of sheepskins, the skin is more elastic, durable and less thick, such sheepskins are first-class raw materials for the industrial production of fur products. The density of the coat (the ratio of WF / PF) in crossbred rams is greater than that of purebred peers.
Diversity of Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Chaco Biome
Authors: Lima J. Q. A. , Uchoa M. A. , Nicácio J. , Garcia F. R. M.
Published: February 2024

Abstract Species of the genus Anastrepha cause injuries to several fruits and vegetables in the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. Among these species, many are present in Brazil. In this study, we surveyed the existing Anastrepha species in the Brazilian Chaco Biome. We evaluated possible influences of climate and vegetation on the occurrence of Anastrepha spp. For this, we used traps and hydrolyzed protein as bait. Collections were carried out in three distinct floristic compositions in the Chaco biome, from permanently dry areas to flooded sites. We identified Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830), A. sororcula Zucchi 1979, A. undosa Stone 1942, and A. daciformis Bezzi 1909. The dry and flooded environment did not influence the occurrence of Anastrepha species. The presence of multiple hosts increases the number of species. The richness and abundance of Anastrepha species are lower in the Brazilian Chaco than in other native environments.
Morphometry, topography and arterial supply of the thyroid gland in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta Zimmermann, 1780)
Authors: Stocco A. V. , Medeiros-do-Nascimento R. , Messias C. T. , Santos-Sousa C. A , Souza-Junior P. , Pissinatti A. , Abidu-Figueiredo M.
Published: February 2024

Abstract The purpose of this research was to investigate the measures, topography, and vascularization of the thyroid gland in Macaca mulatta, a non-human primate. The study involved the dissection of ten male adult cadavers of Macaca mulatta. The length, width, and thickness of the right lobe of the thyroid were 2.552 ± 0.341, 1.019 ± 0.137, and 0.729 ± 0.137 cm. These measures in the left thyroid lobe were 2.406 ± 0.299, 1.013. ± 0.087, and 0.769 ± 0.083 cm. The study found no significant differences in the measures of the left and right lobes of the thyroid gland in rhesus monkeys. Regarding topography, the thyroid gland was located ventrolateral to the trachea, similar to its position in other mammal species. The cranial pole of the gland was closely related to the cricoid or thyroid cartilage, while the caudal pole showed variable positioning to the tracheal rings. The isthmus, a thin band of tissue connecting the lobes, was present in all specimens. The cranial thyroid artery was found to originate from the external carotid artery in most specimens. It supplied the thyroid gland and sent branches to muscles in the neck region. The caudal thyroid artery, originating from the common carotid artery, provides additional blood supply to the gland and sends a branch to the esophagus. This research contributes to knowledge about the thyroid gland in non-human primates, specifically Macaca mulatta. The findings provide critical information for comparative studies and understanding the thyroid gland's role in health and disease.
Ecophenotypic Variation of Midas Cichlid, Amphilophus citrinellus (Gunther, 1864), in Lake Batur, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Gustiano R. , Haryani G. S. , Aisyah S. , Nur F. M. , Kartika Gde. R. A. , Noegroho T. , Arthana I. W. , Albasri H. , Larashati S. , Haryono H. , Kusmini I. I. , Yosmaniar Y. , Syam A. R. , Taufik I. , Setiadi E. , Permana I. G. N.
Published: February 2024

Abstract Cichlid fishes exhibit rapid adaptive radiations with significant diversification rates in response to ecological variability, i.e., ecological opportunity or geographical isolation. The discovery of a Midas cichlid species in Lake Batur, Indonesia's largest volcanic lake, first reported in 2013, could represent such adaptations. Midas cichlids can now be found in a range of habitats in Lake Batur and dominate the lake's fish population by up to 60%. This study aimed to identify the interaction between habitat, water quality, and Midas cichlid in Lake Batur, facilitating morphometric variances in the fish populations. The fish were captured at five locations in Lake Batur using fishing rods, community nets with mesh sizes of 2–3 inches, experimental gillnets with mesh sizes of 1 inch, and fish scoops in floating net cages during August and November 2022. There were 46 fish samples caught from the five stations, all photographed using a digital camera and later measured using the ZEN 2012 software. The fish measurement employed a truss morphometric method using 21 distinct morphometric body features. Canonical analysis was used to determine the distribution of characteristics, while discriminant analysis was used to examine the closeness of association. The measured water quality parameters included pH, DO, temperature, conductivity, and TDS for in-situ and TSS, TP, TN, and chlorophyll A for ex-situ. The findings revealed morphometric changes among Midas cichlid species in Lake Batur caused by habitat and water quality differences. The distinction can be detected in the anterior and posterior bodies (C1, B1, C3, C6, C5, B3 and B4). Temperature and aquatic plants, Azolla pinnata, may detect the station and shape of fish in Lake Batur. Body shape cannot be identified by chlorophyll A, TN, DO, and TDS. Future genetic research could answer why fish groups with varied body types coexist in the same location.
Insect galls from the Botanical Garden of the Museu Nacional (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil)
Authors: Maia V. C. , Mascarenhas B. , Koschnitzke C.
Published: February 2024

Abstract The Botanical Garden of the Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil) was investigated monthly from October, 2017 to December, 2019 in a total of 27 collections, each lasting four hours, following the methodology of random walking. Vegetative and reproductive organs of herbs, bushes and trees (up to 2 m high) were examined by two people. Voucher material was deposited in the Entomological Collection of the Museu Nacional (MNRJ)/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. We found 13 insect gall morphotypes in nine host plant species of four families. All host plants are native of Brazil, except Ficus microcarpa L.f. (Moraceae), which is naturalized. Myrtaceae and Moraceae were the plant families with the greatest richness of gall morphotypes. Eugenia L. (Myrtaceae) and Ficus L. (Moraceae) were the plant genera with the highest number of gall morphotypes. In several inventories in the Atlantic forest, Myrtaceae and Eugenia stand out for harboring a great variety of galls, while Moraceae and Ficus were never stood out for this reason. Most plant species mentioned in the present study were already known as hosts of gall-inducing insects in Brazil. However, for the first time, insect galls are reported on Ficus crocata (Miq.) Miq. (Moraceae). We found two new morphotypes on Eugenia florida DC. (Myrtaceae). Leaves, stems and buds were the galled organs. Cecidomyiidae were the most frequent inducers. Galls of Thysanoptera were also found. Inquilines were observed in leaf galls on Eugenia florida. They promoted differences in gall morphology and killed the gall-inducing larva.
Properties of Pasteurella multocida isolated from animals during the seasonal migration of saigas
Authors: Taubaev U. , Ichshanova A. , Kirkimbaeva Zh. , Radojicic B. , Murzabayev K. , Bayantassova S. , Zakirova F. , Yertleuova B.
Published: February 2024

Abstract The paper describes data from the study of cultural, morphological, and biochemical properties and the pathogenicity and virulence of epizootic isolates of Pasteurella multocida obtained from cattle and saigas. The study aimed to investigate the properties of P. multocida isolated from saigas and cattle during their seasonal migration, with a focus on its role in the epizootic process and potential transmission to farm animals. The research was conducted in a laboratory setting at the West Kazakhstan Agrarian-Technical University. White mice, saigas, and cattle were examined, and pathological and bacteriological analyses were performed on tissues and secretions. Pathogenicity, virulence, and toxigenicity of the isolated Pasteurella cultures were determined through biological tests on white mice. The morphological, cultural, and biochemical properties of the isolates were studied using standard microbiological methods. The study found that P. multocida isolates from both saigas and cattle exhibited high pathogenicity and virulence when tested on white mice. The isolates from sick and dead animals displayed 65.3 and 83.3% pathogenicity, respectively. The isolates were toxic to white mice, with filtrate dilutions showing 100% toxigenicity. Comparative analysis showed morphological and cultural similarities between Pasteurella isolates from saigas and cattle, confirming their identity. This research demonstrates that P. multocida, isolated from both saigas and cattle, contributes to the epizootic process and poses a threat to farm animals. Saigas, in particular, play a role in disease transmission during seasonal migrations. Understanding the ecological interactions between wild and farm animals is crucial for implementing preventive measures to control the spread of infectious diseases, emphasizing the need for comprehensive monitoring and intervention strategies.
Comparative analysis of Santa Inês and Dorper crossbred sheep: productive and reproductive efficacy in the semi-arid
Authors: Brandão Júlio César de Araújo Bezerra , Cartaxo Felipe Queiroga , Pinto Maria do Socorro de Caldas , Targino Luciano Campos , Gomes Rayane Nunes , Souza Daniela Dourado Romão de , Cardoso André Filipe Monteiro , Morais Larissa Kellen da Cunha , Farias Carolina Araújo , Ramos João Paulo de Farias
Published: February 2024

Abstract This study evaluated the productive and reproductive performances of Santa Inês sheep and their Dorper crossbreeds during the lactation period amidst the dry season in the semi-arid region of Paraíba, Brazil. Conducted at the experimental goat farm of the State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campus IV, Catolé do Rocha, the investigation included a cohort of 24 ewes (12 Santa Inês and 12 Dorper crossbreeds [comprising 87.5% Dorper and 12.5% Santa Inês]) and 30 lambs (10 males and 20 females). Observations were recorded from birth and continued at 30-day intervals up to 90 days. Using a two-way ANOVA with a 2 x 2 factorial design (two genetic groups and two sexes), the study monitored both ewes and lambs. The animals adhered to traditional regional management, grazing in paddocks by day and secured in shelters by dusk. The study found that both Santa Inês and Dorper crossbred ewes produced similar quantities of milk (P=0.8310) for the first 60 days of lactation. There was no discernible effect of the ewes’ genetic backgrounds on their live weights, body condition scores at lambing, throughout the subsequent 30, 60, and 90 days of lactation, or on the overall productive efficiency and total weight of weaned lambs per ewe. In contrast, Dorper lambs demonstrated a higher weaning weight (P=0.0349) and greater weight gain (P=0.0403). The study also noted that the sex of the lambs did not notably influence their performance within the first 90 days of suckling.
Análise comparativa de ovinos mestiços Santa Inês e Dorper: eficácia produtiva e reprodutiva no Semiárido
Authors: Brandão Júlio César de Araújo Bezerra , Cartaxo Felipe Queiroga , Pinto Maria do Socorro de Caldas , Targino Luciano Campos , Gomes Rayane Nunes , Souza Daniela Dourado Romão de , Cardoso André Filipe Monteiro , Morais Larissa Kellen da Cunha , Farias Carolina Araújo , Ramos João Paulo de Farias
Published: February 2024

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de ovinos da raça Santa Inês e mestiços da raça Dorper criados em sistema tradicional de produção durante a fase de amamentação na época seca do ano no semiárido paraibano. O experimento foi conduzido no Setor de Caprinovinocultura da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba/UEPB/Campus-IV, Catolé do Rocha/PB. Foram utilizadas 24 ovelhas multíparas, sendo 12 da raça Santa Inês e 12 mestiças da raça Dorper (87,5% Dorper + 12,5% Santa Inês) paridas com 30 ovinos jovens, sendo 10 machos e 20 fêmeas. O período experimental se iniciou no momento do parto e os dados foram coletados ao nascimento, aos 30, 60 e 90 dias de idade. Foi utilizada análise de variância para as ovelhas e para os cordeiros esquema fatorial 2 x 2 (dois grupos genéticos e dois sexos). Os cordeiros permaneceram com suas mães em piquetes durante o dia e à noite no aprisco, manejo tradicional da região. As ovelhas Santa Inês e mestiças Dorper produziram quantidades de leite semelhantes (P=0,8310) até os 60 dias de lactação. O grupo genético das ovelhas não influenciou os pesos vivos e escore de corporal ao parto, 30, 60 e 90 dias de lactação, como também a eficiência produtiva e peso total de crias desmamadas por ovelha. Os cordeiros e cordeiras Dorper apresentaram maiores pesos vivos (P=0,0349) e ganhos de peso (P=0,0403), por outro lado, o sexo dos ovinos jovens não influenciou o desempenho até os 90 dias de amamentação.
Acquisition of gonadotropin dependence by early antral follicles and the challenges to promote their growth in vitro
Authors: Barbalho Efigênia Cordeiro , Nascimento Danisvânia Ripardo , Barrozo Laryssa Gondim , Paulino Laís Raiane Feitosa Melo , Assis Ernando Igo Teixeira de , Silva José Roberto Viana
Published: February 2024

Abstract This review aims to discuss the main factors involved in the development of early antral follicles until gonadotropin dependence. This follicular phase is characterized by intense proliferation of granulosa cells, formation of a fluid-filled cavity, morphological differentiation of cumulus cells, mural granulosa cells and recruitment of theca cells. The interaction between oocyte, granulosa and theca cells is crucial for follicular growth and hormone production. Growth factors produced by the oocyte, such as growth and differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) and bone morphogenetic protein-15 (BMP-15), regulate granulosa cell proliferation and differentiation and antral cavity development, as well as stimulate the production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptors in granulosa cells. In response to FSH, granulosa cells secrete C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), which acts through its receptor to increase cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) production and consequently follicular development. Granulosa cells also produce insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and increase aromatase enzyme activity, which results in greater sensitivity to gonadotropins and follicular steroidogenesis. The absence of IGF-1 signaling causes cessation of follicular growth at the early antral stage. Many other local factors are involved in the regulation of follicular development. Therefore, this review brings relevant data for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the control of early antral follicle growth, emphasizing the role of endocrine and paracrine factors, the oocyte-granulosa cell interaction and the processes of follicular atresia. The challenges for the establishment of efficient culture systems for in vitro growth of early antral follicles are also discussed.
Whole soy lecithin on productivity and carcass quality of feedlot cattle
Authors: Neumann Mikael , Bremm Elisa Emanuela , Souza André Martins de , Oliveira Paulo Eduardo Piemontez de , Sidor Fernando de Souza , Plodoviski Daniel Corrêa , Karas Bruna Maria Hoffmann , Skorei Marcia Regina , Ostrensky André
Published: February 2024

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different levels of whole soy lecithin on the apparent digestibility of the diet, ingestive behavior, productive performance, and carcass characteristics of feedlot-finished beef cattle. This was a completely randomized experimental design involving three treatments: Control diet; Diet with whole soy lecithin (10 g animal-1 day-1); and Diet with whole soy lecithin (20 g animal-1 day-1), with five replications. The diets were formulated and constituted of 33% corn silage and 67% concentrate, on a dry matter basis. Thirty non-castrated ½ Angus × ½ Nellore steers, with an average age of 14 months and average initial body weight of 432 kg, were used in the experiment. The dietary inclusion of whole soy lecithin improved the digestibility of ether extract and neutral detergent fiber but did not influence ingestive behavior. Supplementation with 10 g animal-1 day-1 of whole soy lecithin resulted in higher average weight gain (1.707 kg day-1) followed by non-supplemented animals (1.645 kg day-1) and those supplemented with whole soy lecithin at 20 g animal-1 day-1 (1.587 kg day-1). Carcass fatness was not altered with the supplementation of whole soy lecithin. The supply of whole soy lecithin improved the use of the ether extract and fiber fraction of the diet and resulted in the highest average weight gain. The level of 10 g animal-1 day-1 provided the best responses.
Effect of gonadorelin treatment in embryo transfer on pregnancy outcomes in cattle
Authors: Defendor Melissa Lobato , Faria Ana Cláudia Fagundes , Cadima Gustavo Pereira , Soares Mayara Mafra , Santos Ricarda Maria dos
Published: February 2024

Abstract The objectives were to evaluate the effects of recipient category, season and administration of a gonadorelin analogue at the time of fixed-time embryo transfer (FTET) on pregnancy per FTET at 30 and 60 days after oestrus and on pregnancy losses (PL). Recipients were randomly assigned to: treated group (n = 624), in which recipients received an intramuscular injection of 0.2 mg of gonadorelin (Fertagyl®) at FTET; or a control group (n = 687) that remained untreated. Recipients were previously treated with a synchronisation protocol based on progesterone and oestradiol. All embryos were produced in vitro. The data with binomial distribution were analysed by multivariate logistic regression, using the GLIMIX procedure of SAS. Higher P/FTET was observed at 30 days (45.8 vs. 40.0%; P = 0.03) and 60 days (43.0 vs. 37.0%; P = 0.01) in the treated group. There was a tendency toward reduced PL in the treated group (4.0 vs. 7.0%; P = 0.09). Dry cows (2.70%) and lactating cows (2.47%) had less PL (P = 0.001) compared with heifers (10.42%). In the spring/summer season the P/ FTET at 60 days was smaller (P =0.024). Greater PL tended to occur in the warmer season. Treatment with gonadorelin at the time of bovine ET increased the pregnancy per ET at days 30 and 60 and reduced PL. Additionally, dry and lactating recipient cows showed a lower PL rate compared to heifers. Furthermore, ET performed in the warmer seasons of the year resulted in a lower pregnancy rate at day 60 and greater PL.
Comparação de sete differentes RT-qPCR para detecção do virus da febre aftosa
Authors: Fonseca Junior Antonio Augusto , Laguardia-Nascimento Mateus , Ferreira Amanda Petrina Scotá , Silva René Ribeiro da , Rivetti Júnior Anselmo Vasconcelos , Camargos Marcelo Fernandes
Published: February 2024

Resumo O diagnóstico rápido e preciso de surtos de febre aftosa é crucial para conter a rápida transmissão de seu agente causador, o vírus da febre aftosa (FMDV), que representa uma ameaça significativa ao gado do país. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma análise comparativa de vários métodos de RT-qPCR para a detecção do FMDV. Os métodos avaliados para a região 3D demonstraram sensibilidade e especificidade semelhantes. No entanto, foram observadas diferenças notáveis em amostras com baixa concentração de RNA. Embora esses métodos possam ser utilizados de forma intercambiável com resultados consistentes ao lidar com um grande número de amostras enviadas ao laboratório para identificar um surto, variações sutis podem assumir importância ao trabalhar com uma quantidade limitada de amostras contendo baixas cópias de RNA do FMDV.