bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using the Optical–NIR Spectral Energy Distributions to Search for the Evidence of Dust Formation of 66 Supernovae
Authors: Li 李 Jing-Yao 京谣 , Wang 王 Shan-Qin 善钦 , Gan 甘 Wen-Pei 文沛 , Wang 王 Tao 涛 , Lian 连 Ji-Shun 纪顺 , Bai 白 Song-Yao 松瑶 , Liang 梁 En-Wei 恩维
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we searched for the dust formation evidence of 66 supernovae (SNe) by using the blackbody model and the blackbody plus dust emission model to fit their early-time optical–near-infrared (NIR) spectral energy distributions (SEDs). We find that, while the blackbody model can fit most SEDs of the SNe in our sample, the model cannot fit the SEDs of some SNe in which the SEDs of two SNe (SNe 2010bq and 2012ca) show NIR excesses which can be attributed to the emission from the heated dust. We use the blackbody plus dust emission model to fit the SEDs showing NIR excesses, finding that both the graphite and silicate dust models can fit the SEDs, and the graphite model gets reasonable temperatures or better fits. Assuming that the dust is graphite, the best-fitting temperatures (masses) of the dust of SNe 2010bq and 2012ca are ∼1300–1800 K (∼0.1–3.4 ×10−4
M
⊙) and ∼600–1000 K (∼0.6–7.5 × 10−3
M
⊙), respectively. We compare the vaporization radii and the blackbody radii of the dust shells of the two SNe with the upper limits of the ejecta radii of the SNe at the first epochs, and demonstrate that the NIR excesses of the SEDs of the two SNe might be caused by the pre-existing dust.
Using Multiple Emission Line Ratios to Constrain the Slope of the Dust Attenuation Law
Authors: Prescott Moire K. M. , Finlator Kristian M. , Cleri Nikko J. , Trump Jonathan R. , Papovich Casey
Published: March 2022

We explore the possibility and practical limitations of using a three-line approach to measure both the slope and normalization of the dust attenuation law in individual galaxies. To do this, we focus on a sample of 11 galaxies with existing ground-based Balmer Hα and Hβ measurements from slit spectra, plus space-based grism constraints on Paschen-β. When accounting for observational uncertainties, we show that one galaxy has a well-constrained dust-law slope and normalization in the range expected from theoretical arguments; this galaxy therefore provides an example of what may be possible in the future. However, most of the galaxies are best fit by unusually steep or shallow slopes. We then explore whether additional astrophysical effects or observational biases could explain the elevated Paschen-β/Hα ratios driving these results. We find that galaxies with high Paschen-β/Hα ratios may be explained by slightly sub-unity covering fractions (>97%). Alternatively, differing slit losses for different lines can have a large impact on the results, emphasizing the importance of measuring all three lines with a consistent spectroscopic aperture. We conclude that, while the three-line approach to constraining the shape of the dust attenuation law in individual galaxies is promising, deep observations and a consistent observational strategy will be required to minimize observational biases and to disentangle the astrophysically interesting effect of differing covering fractions. The James Webb Space Telescope will provide more sensitive measurements of Balmer and Paschen lines for galaxies at z ≈ 0.3–2, enabling uniform constraints on the optical–infrared dust attenuation law and its intrinsic variation.
Hydroaluminum Isocyanide Isomers: Prediction of Spectroscopic Properties
Authors: Redondo Pilar , Sanz-Novo Miguel , Barrientos Carmen
Published: March 2022

Metal cyanides and isocyanides play a relevant role in the metal chemistry of the carbon-rich circumstellar envelope IRC+10216. It is thought that hydrometal cyanides/isocyanides could also be present in these environments; in fact, HMgNC has been detected in the same source that MgCN, MgNC, and AlNC. The aim of this work is to provide information about hydroaluminum cyanide/isocyanide. For this goal, a comprehensive analysis of the doublet and quartet potential energy surfaces of the [Al, C, H, N] system has been carried out. Different quantum chemistry methodologies from density functional theory to ab initio have been employed. For the [Al, C, H, N] isomers, the stability against dissociation and their interconversion processes have been analyzed. Our results show that the most relevant isomers from an experimental point of view are HAlCN and HAlNC. HAlNC has been found to be the most stable isomer followed by HAlCN, which is located at 1.59 kcal mol−1 (0.0689 eV) at the composite level. The interconversion process between HAlCN and HAlNC presents an energy barrier of 10.0 kcal mol−1 (5032 K) that makes this process not viable in the interstellar medium. We provide a complete set of relevant spectroscopic parameters for rotational spectroscopy for both HAlCN and HAlNC isomers using state-of-the-art quantum chemical computations, mandatory to guide an eventual laboratory or interstellar detection. Moreover, both isomers present sizable μ

a
dipole moment components (3.7 and 3.3 D, respectively), which are large enough to enable a characterization by means of rotational spectroscopy, further increasing their interest as interstellar candidates.
A Detection of Red Noise in PSR J1824–2452A and Projections for PSR B1937+21 Using NICER X-Ray Timing Data
Authors: Hazboun Jeffrey S. , Crump Jack , Lommen Andrea N. , Montano Sergio , Berry Samantha J. H. , Zeldes Jesse , Teng Elizabeth , Ray Paul S. , Kerr Matthew , Arzoumanian Zaven , Bogdanov Slavko , Deneva Julia , Lewandowska Natalia , Markwardt Craig B. , Ransom Scott , Enoto Teruaki , Wood Kent S. , Gendreau Keith C. , Howe David A. , Parthasarathy Aditya
Published: March 2022

We have used X-ray data from the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) to search for long-timescale temporal correlations (“red noise”) in the pulse times of arrival (TOAs) from the millisecond pulsars PSR J1824−2452A and PSR B1937+21. These data more closely track intrinsic noise because X-rays are unaffected by the radio-frequency-dependent propagation effects of the interstellar medium. Our search yields strong evidence (natural log Bayes factor of 9.634 ± 0.016) for red noise in PSR J1824−2452A, but the search is inconclusive for PSR B1937+21. In the interest of future X-ray missions, we devise and implement a method to simulate longer and higher-precision X-ray data sets to determine the timing baseline necessary to detect red noise. We find that the red noise in PSR B1937+21 can be reliably detected in a 5 yr mission with a TOA error of 2 μs and an observing cadence of 20 observations per month compared to the 5 μs TOA error and 11 observations per month that NICER currently achieves in PSR B1937+21. We investigate detecting red noise in PSR B1937+21 with other combinations of observing cadences and TOA errors. We also find that time-correlated red noise commensurate with an injected stochastic gravitational-wave background having an amplitude of A
GWB = 2 × 10−15 and spectral index of timing residuals of γ
GWB = 13/3 can be detected in a pulsar with similar TOA precision to PSR B1937+21. This is with no additional red noise in a 10 yr mission that observes the pulsar 15 times per month and has an average TOA error of 1 μs.
Measuring the Virial Factor in SDSS DR5 Quasars with Redshifted Hβ and Fe ii Broad Emission Lines
Authors: Liu H. T. , Feng Hai-Cheng , Li Sha-Sha , Bai J. M.
Published: March 2022

Under the hypothesis of gravitational redshift induced by a central supermassive black hole, and based on line widths and shifts of redward-shifted Hβ and Fe ii broad emission lines for a sample of 1973 z < 0.8 Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR5 quasars, we measured the virial factor in determining supermassive black hole masses, usually estimated by the reverberation mapping method or the relevant secondary methods. The virial factor had been believed to be from the geometric effect of the broad-line region. The measured virial factor of Fe ii is larger than that of Hβ for 98% of these quasars. The virial factor is very different from object to object and for different emission lines. For most of these quasars, the virial factor of Hβ is larger than these averages that were usually used in determining the masses of black holes. There are three positive correlations among the measured virial factor of Hβ, dimensionless accretion rate, and Fe ii/Hβ line ratio. A positive three-dimensional correlation is found among these three quantities, and this correlation indicates that the virial factor is likely dominated by the dimensionless accretion rate and metallicity. A negative correlation is found between the redward shift of Hβ and the scaled size of the broad-line region radius in units of the gravitational radius of the black hole. This negative correlation will be expected naturally if the redward shift of Hβ is mainly from the gravity of the black hole. Radiation pressure from the accretion disk may be a significant contributor to the virial factor.
Dippers from TESS Full-frame Images. II. Spectroscopic Characterization of Four Young Dippers
Authors: Kasagi Yui , Kotani Takayuki , Kawahara Hajime , Tajiri Tomoyuki , Muto Takayuki , Aizawa Masataka , Fujii Michiko S. , Hattori Kohei , Masuda Kento , Momose Munetake , Ohsawa Ryou , Takita Satoshi
Published: March 2022

Photometric monitoring by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) has discovered not only periodic signals by transiting exoplanets but also episodic or quasiperiodic dimming around young stellar objects. The dimming mechanisms of these objects, the so-called “dippers,” are thought to be related to either the accretion property or the structure of protoplanetary disks especially in regions close to the host star. Recently, we have created a catalog of dippers from one year of TESS full-frame image data. In this paper, we report on the spectral features of four newly found dippers in that catalog and show that they potentially shed light on the dimming mechanisms. We found that all of the targets exhibit the Hα emission line, which is an indicator of ongoing accretion. Based on their line profiles and/or their variability, we characterized the properties of the disks of each source, which can support dimming mechanisms via a dusty disk wind or an accretion-driven inner-disk warp. Also, we found an interesting dipper (TIC 317873721), a “close-in binary dipper,” showing a complex variability of the line profile and a large radial velocity variation. Because the dimming intervals are similar to the orbital period of the binary, we suggest that the dips are caused by dust in the accretion warp from a circumbinary disk onto stars. Such a close-in (<0.1 au) binary dipper has been rarely reported thus far; further investigation will reveal new aspects of disk evolution and planetary formation.
A new species of Langelurillus Próchniewicz, 1994 (Araneae, Salticidae, Aelurillina) from western India
Authors: Sanap Rajesh V. , Caleb John T.D.
Published: March 2022

A new jumping spider species, Langelurillus tertiussp. nov. (♂♀), is described from the Ajanta and Sathmala hill ranges of the Deccan plateau in Maharashtra (India). Detailed description, illustrations, and a map showing the distribution of all known Indian congeners are provided.
Employing chunk size adaptation to overcome concept drift
Authors: Kozal Jędrzej , Guzy Filip , Woźniak Michał
Published: March 2022

Modern analytical systems must process streaming data and correctly respond to data distribution changes. The phenomenon of changes in data distributions is called concept drift, and it may harm the quality of the used models. Additionally, the possibility of concept drift appearance causes that the used algorithms must be ready for the continuous adaptation of the model to the changing data distributions. This work focuses on non-stationary data stream classification, where a classifier ensemble is used. To keep the ensemble model up to date, the new base classifiers are trained on the incoming data blocks and added to the ensemble while, at the same time, outdated models are removed from the ensemble. One of the problems with this type of model is the fast reaction to changes in data distributions. We propose the new Chunk Adaptive Restoration framework that can be adapted to any block-based data stream classification algorithm. The proposed algorithm adjusts the data chunk size in the case of concept drift detection to minimize the impact of the change on the predictive performance of the used model. The experimental research, backed up with the statistical tests, has proven that Chunk Adaptive Restoration significantly reduces the model’s restoration time.
Hostages of time
Authors: Walhout Evelien , Dane Jacques , Hilevych Yuliya , Kok Jan
Published: March 2022

Parallèlement au baby boom , la période qui a suivi la Seconde Guerre mondiale correspond à un autre changement démographique en Europe et plus largement dans l’espace occidental, nettement moins étudié : l’ère du baby scoop , soit une augmentation des grossesses hors mariage suivi d’un accroissement du nombre d’enfants confiés à l’adoption. Cette étude explore ces changements sociaux et démographiques à la lumière du cas néerlandais où l’adoption n’est devenue légale qu’en 1956, une évolution parmi les plus tardives à cet égard à l’échelle de l’Europe occidentale ; tandis que l’avortement n’était autorisé qu’en 1984. Cette recherche embrasse deux questions : dans quel contexte légal et institutionnel les procédures d’abandon et d’adoption étaient-elles menées ? Quels étaient les vécus des femmes qui abandonnaient un enfant pour le confier à l’adoption à cette période, jusqu’à quel point leur décision était-elle influencée par une contrainte (perçue) ? Nos résultats, fondés sur des dossiers d’archives et des entretiens, ne montrent pas de signes explicites de contrainte formelle ou légale. Cependant, étant donné la nature des données dont nous disposons, une telle affirmation doit être avancée avec précaution, car, même en l’absence de traces évidentes de contraintes, nos résultats ont pu mettre en lumière des formes de coercition informelle, de persuasion et de pression exercées au cours du processus décisionnel menant à l’abandon. Étant donné la nature éclatée de l’aide aux femmes confrontées à une grossesse non désirée, les chemins menant à l’abandon étaient multiples. Ces chemins mobilisaient de nombreux acteurs qui pouvaient tous, à leur échelle, influer sur la décision de la mère de naissance ; même lorsque ces acteurs agissaient en fonction des recommandations officielles.
La famille, sa fonction et ses mutations aujourd’hui : diverses manières de structurer l’impossible ?
Authors: Squverer Amos
Published: March 2022

La famille nucléaire, telle qu’on a été habitué à la connaître, se modifie depuis quelques dizaines d’années. Familles monoparentales, familles homoparentales, familles recomposées, pluriparentalité, sont une réalité répandue. Cette diversité des structures contemporaines nous conduit à chercher à isoler un trait commun qui traverse la diversité des formes familiales et permet de spécifier, au-delà de ces architectures diverses, un trait distinctif qui définit la famille et spécifie sa fonction psychique pour le sujet. Pour isoler ce trait, l’auteur part de deux grandes orientations théoriques a priori contradictoires dans l’étude de l’histoire de la famille (Émile Durkheim/Emanuel Todd). Il cherche à ressouder cette tension en introduisant la logique de l’inconscient. Ainsi, l’auteur propose de saisir la famille comme homologue à une formation de l’inconscient, un symptôme ou un rêve. Ainsi, la famille a comme fonction de structurer le réel du non-rapport. Une famille est structurante pour l’enfant dans la mesure où elle donne corps à la question du non-rapport, la présentifie pour lui et la traite singulièrement. L’auteur examine les formes familiales contemporaines à la lumière de cette définition.
COVID-19 et pratiques professionnelles dans les milieux institutionnels fermés
Authors: Dumais Michaud Audrey-Anne , Lemieux Ashley J. , Dufour Mathieu , Plante Lorraine , Crocker Anne G.
Published: March 2022

Introduction : Pendant que les gouvernements ont concentré des efforts à la mise en place de mesures sanitaires de distanciation physique, de confinement et d’isolement pour protéger la collectivité de la COVID-19, des chercheurs se sont attardés aux impacts considérables de ces mesures sur la santé mentale et le bien-être. Les personnes avec un trouble mental, qui sont à la fois institutionnalisées et judiciarisées dans les unités de psychiatrie et les hôpitaux de psychiatrie légale, se retrouvent davantage vulnérables et limitées dans leurs mouvements et leurs activités. Objectifs : Cet article vise à examiner les changements de pratiques mises en œuvre et les impacts potentiels sur les personnes dans les milieux institutionnels fermés, afin de répondre aux enjeux sanitaires soulevés par la pandémie de la COVID-19. Résultats : Une analyse de 69 publications a permis d’identifier neuf grands thèmes dans la littérature, qui serviront de cadre d’analyse pour l’expérience d’un établissement psycho-légal canadien. Ces grands thèmes sont : 1) les facteurs de vulnérabilité́ spécifiques à la population ; 2) la gestion et la formation du personnel ; 3) le délestage des lits, la libération conditionnelle et le retour en communauté ; 4) la gestion de la contagion et des espaces fermés ; 5) les mesures d’hygiène et les équipements de protection individuelle ; 6) la continuité des soins et services ; 7) l’utilisation des technologies pour maintenir les liens sociaux et les services ; 8) les mécanismes légaux et les droits des personnes ; et 9) l’après-pandémie. Conclusion : Il importe de souligner que, bien qu’il s’agisse de la première pandémie d’une telle ampleur internationale, les experts soulignent une augmentation des épidémies dans la dernière décennie et une croissance continue dans les décennies à venir. Il importe donc de tirer des leçons de cette crise sanitaire afin d’être préparé et de minimiser ses effets sur les personnes vulnérables. Les réflexions présentées ici pourraient être contrastées avec les expériences vécues de personnes dans les établissements fermés, afin de venir nuancer les données et de proposer de nouvelles stratégies.
Developing an Intuitive Graph Representation of Knowledge for Nonpharmacological Treatment of Psychotic Symptoms in Dementia
Authors: Zhang Zhenyu , Yu Ping , Pai Nagesh , Chang Hui Chen (Rita) , Chen Shiyan , Yin Mengyang , Song Ting , Lau Sim Kim , Deng Chao
Published: March 2022

Applying person-centered, nonpharmacological interventions to manage psychotic symptoms of dementia is promoted for health care professionals, particularly gerontological nurses, who are responsible for care of older adults in nursing homes. A
knowledge graph
is a graph consisting of a set of concepts that are linked together by their interrelationship and has been widely used as a formal representation of domain knowledge in health. However, there is lack of a knowledge graph for nonpharmacological treatment of psychotic symptoms in dementia. Therefore, we developed a comprehensive, human- and machine-understandable knowledge graph for this domain, named Dementia-Related Psychotic Symptom Nonpharmacological Treatment Ontology (DRPSNPTO). This graph was built by adopting the established NeOn methodology, a knowledge graph engineering method, to meet the quality standards for biomedical knowledge graphs. This intuitive graph representation of the domain knowledge sets a new direction for visualizing and computerizing gerontological knowledge to facilitate human comprehension and build intelligent aged care information systems. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 48
(4), 49–55.]
On information gain, Kullback-Leibler divergence, entropy production and the involution kernel
Authors: Lopes Artur O. , Mengue Jairo K.
Published: March 2022

It is well known that in Information Theory and Machine Learning the Kullback-Leibler divergence, which extends the concept of Shannon entropy, plays a fundamental role. Given an a priori probability kernel \begin{document}$ \hat{\nu} $\end{document} and a probability \begin{document}$ \pi $\end{document} on the measurable space \begin{document}$ X\times Y $\end{document} we consider an appropriate definition of entropy of \begin{document}$ \pi $\end{document} relative to \begin{document}$ \hat{\nu} $\end{document}, which is based on previous works. Using this concept of entropy we obtain a natural definition of information gain for general measurable spaces which coincides with the mutual information given from the K-L divergence in the case \begin{document}$ \hat{\nu} $\end{document} is identified with a probability \begin{document}$ \nu $\end{document} on \begin{document}$ X $\end{document}. This will be used to extend the meaning of specific information gain and dynamical entropy production to the model of thermodynamic formalism for symbolic dynamics over a compact alphabet (TFCA model). Via the concepts of involution kernel and dual potential, one can ask if a given potential is symmetric - the relevant information is available in the potential. In the affirmative case, its corresponding equilibrium state has zero entropy production.
The sandpile identity element on an ellipse
Authors: Melchionna Andrew
Published: March 2022

We consider certain elliptical subsets of the square lattice. The recurrent representative of the identity element of the sandpile group on this graph consists predominantly of a biperiodic pattern, along with some noise. We show that as the lattice spacing tends to 0, the fraction of the area taken up by the pattern in the identity element tends to 1.
A periodic homogenization problem with defects rare at infinity
Authors: Goudey Rémi
Published: March 2022

We consider a homogenization problem for the diffusion equation \begin{document}$ -\operatorname{div}\left(a_{\varepsilon} \nabla u_{\varepsilon} \right) = f $\end{document} when the coefficient \begin{document}$ a_{\varepsilon} $\end{document} is a non-local perturbation of a periodic coefficient. The perturbation does not vanish but becomes rare at infinity in a sense made precise in the text. We prove the existence of a corrector, identify the homogenized limit and study the convergence rates of \begin{document}$ u_{\varepsilon} $\end{document} to its homogenized limit.
Teacher Effectiveness in Managing Emergency Situations
Authors: Oduntan Felicia Mayokun
Published: March 2022

Teachers are the implementers of the education curriculum. Therefore, it is important to take into account all that concerns the growth of the teacher. Emergency situations are not an oddity. In fact, the world is currently dealing with the pandemic of COVID-19, in which early childhood education is being hit hardest. The need to assess the ability of early childhood educators to handle emergency situations is necessary. The chapter discussed emergency preparedness of early childhood teachers and emergency education, rationale for early childhood disaster education, skills needed by early childhood educators, COVID-19's impact on Nigerian children, and rationale for educational response in emergencies. Development of an ecosystem to cater to early childhood education in emergencies such as uninterrupted power supply, subsidized internet access and computer assisted learning for this stage of education, and training of teachers in the usage of these 21st century gadgets were some of the recommendations made.
Teacher-Pupil Interaction and Distance Learning in Emergency Periods
Authors: Olugboji Olufunnke Abidemi
Published: March 2022

There are many types of coronaviruses, but the one identified in December 2019, that is, the SARS-CoV-2, which has caused a pandemic of respiratory illness, is referred to as COVID-19. The World Health Organisation (WHO) declared COVID-19 a public health emergency of international concern on 30 January 2020 and a pandemic on 11 March 2020. The pandemic became an emergency that required emergency interventions. The United Kingdom went through more than one period of lockdowns, just to keep people away from each other as much as possible. With the lockdowns, all educational institutions were asked to close their doors, and since the end of a pandemic cannot be determined, distance learning was adopted as the alternative to physical classes. Standards may exist and work in normal circumstances, but in emergencies, proactiveness and innovation in different directions come to play. The COVID-19 pandemic has been a lesson to everyone that we must be always prepared to adapt to any situation that we find ourselves in with unity of purpose to surmount every challenge.
Key Factors for Entrepreneurial Success
Authors: Costa Teresa Gomes da , Carvalho Luísa Cagica
Published: March 2022

Studies about success and unsuccess factors for startups are still relevant due to the dispersion of the literature about it. Additionally, it remains important to understand how some usual tools used by the entrepreneurs could support a better diagnosis of the success conditions in an earlier phase of the business, avoiding or preventing the unsuccess. This study is a work in progress financed by EU under Erasums+ Program and aims to discuss the factors that influence the business entrepreneurial success considering several stages of the business and its maturity. Finally, it also attends to the business plan as an important tool for entrepreneurial success. The chapter organizes contributions attending to the dimensions—entrepreneurial profile, external environment, and managerial process—and presents an agenda about a set of factors in a macro perspective (public policies, infrastructures, etc.) and in a micro perspective (entrepreneurial profile, social and human capital, etc.) that allows a reflection about the success on a different stage of a business.
Transforming Tourism Education
Authors: Vasconcelos Sandra Vieira , Melo Carla
Published: March 2022

The chapter describes an interdisciplinary project that was designed and implemented within the scope of a Tourist Activities Management degree whose main topic was sustainability. Based on the use of a bilingual student blog, this project challenged students to produce multimedia content (posts, podcasts, and videos) focusing on sustainable practices and behaviors in different tourism sectors. Making use of a project-based learning approach, the strategy used is perceived as innovative having enhanced student participation and engagement. Concurrently, a preliminary analysis also suggests that there has been a positive change in the participants' awareness towards sustainability, with the different assignments and research having prompted changes in their behavior, denoting the project's pertinence, particularly in these challenging and technology-laden times.
The Importance of Social Components in Online Learning
Authors: Palan Nicole , Waldegger Julia , Pammer Maria
Published: March 2022

Since the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, tertiary education has been mainly pursued through online teaching. This form of teaching is also associated with challenges regarding the social presence of both lecturers and the students during classes. In this context, understanding how to effectively enforce social interaction and trust in the virtual classroom is of high importance. This chapter presents various examples of social learning pursued by the Management Center Innsbruck in their blended learning degree programs. Many of these have already been established in 2014 when the first blended learning degree programs started. However, the need for physical distancing made clear that social presence and interaction are of even greater relevance than ever before. Increasing the sense of cohesion and being a proper member of a study group can also be supported by more informal interactions.
Creativity Processes Applied to the Innovation Management of a Digital Showroom for Cars
Authors: Macêdo Francelma Maria de Moura , Queiroz Jamerson Viegas , Carvalho Zulmara Virgínia de , Alves Cristiano
Published: March 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted the Brazilian service sector. With the health crisis, challenges and changes in the business models of car dealerships are also intensified. Creativity is discussed by several conceptual approaches. From the point of view of neuroscience, it is a response to the human need of solving problems. It is within this premise that the present work aims to enhance value proposition for a business model centered on automobile e-commerce. This purpose unfolds in an exploratory research on approaches, methodologies, and tools of creativity, as well as the application of Cristiano Alves's creative framework in this business model. The analysis of the results signals improvements in solutions for car e-commerce. With this, it is concluded that collective creativity is efficient in the discovery of potentially innovative ideas.
The Role of Evaluation in Service Learning in Economics and Business
Authors: Ortiz Fernández Piedad , Tarifa-Fernández Jorge , Cruz Rambaud Salvador
Published: March 2022

In this chapter, a systematic review of the literature on evaluations of service-learning projects in the area of business and economics has been carried out. The authors have analyzed the four basic parts of evaluation: who evaluates, when to evaluate, how to evaluate, and what to evaluate. Subsequently, an evaluation proposal has been made for each of the agents involved, taking into account each of these dimensions. One of the main conclusions is that reflection is a fundamental part of the evaluation process, as well as of the student learning process because it allows them to deepen the lived experience.
Socio-Intercultural Management Competencies
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G.
Published: March 2022

This chapter aims to analyze the socio-intercultural management competencies as they are integrated in any organizational setting, including individuals, groups, and communities. In the analysis, it is assumed that the development of socio-intercultural management in the organizations requires the integration of the socio-intercultural principles building competencies in transdisciplinary contents in current social issues, concerns, and solutions of problems of the organizations and society. The method employed is the analytical focusing on a reflective and comparative analysis of the literature reviewed and their achievements in practical implementation in the real managerial world. It is concluded that awareness of cultural differences for organizational management sustainability are the base for the development of socio-intercultural management competencies required in the new glocal labor market environment.
Privacy and Other Legal Concerns in the Wake of Deepfake Technology
Authors: Kaushik Purva
Published: March 2022

The world is filled with technology-driven systems and instruments in the present era. Artificial intelligence (hereinafter referred to as “AI”) is increasingly dominating our everyday life. Deepfakes is one such AI-based technological innovation that is leading to huge concerns amongst legal and scientific experts. There have been recent instances wherein videos of statements never made and acts never done by public figures became viral on the internet. Face swap in videos is easily done for the purpose of cyber bullying and harassment of innocent victims. Since creation of these synthetic contents called deepfakes is becoming easier by the day, the growing concerns surrounding them demand immediate attention. This chapter shall specifically probe into the deepfake technology with dual objectives (i.e., to understand the causes of concern surrounding deepfakes related AI-technology and to compare effective ideas and regulatory measures of nations abroad such as US and China) in order to arrive at possible solutions to appropriately tackle this issue in India.
Cryptocurrency
Authors: Bhattacharjee Prapti , Saha Vivek , Chatterjee Parag
Published: March 2022

Since ancient times, currency has been an integral part of our lives. In the early times, we saw the barter system. No one really knows how currency came into the play. China created the world's first paper money in the early 7th century. Thousands of years later, we are living in the era of internet where after virtual games and friends, we have started using virtual currency. Cryptocurrency is an encrypted, peer-to-peer network for online payments directly between two parties without going through a financial institution. Bitcoin was the first and most popular cryptocurrency that was introduced in the year 2009 which created a huge surge in the market and got a lot of attention from the world. This new type of money is not likely to replace traditional flat currency, but it has the potential to change the way global markets interact with each other. Since the introduction of cryptocurrency, it has gathered a lot of appreciation and criticism. This chapter will provide in-depth discussion on cryptocurrency, its architecture, and also its pros and cons.
A Survey on Privacy-Preserving Data Publishing Models for Big Data
Authors: J. Jayapradha , M. Prakash
Published: March 2022

Big data deals with massive amounts of data with various characteristics and intricate structures. The vast amount of data collection in big data has led to lots of security and privacy threats. Big data evolution and the need for security and privacy in big data have been covered in the study. Big data taxonomy framework, the privacy laws, and acts have also been analyzed and studied. Various privacy-preserving data publishing models and their attack models have been thoroughly studied under the categories of 1) record linkage model, 2) attribute linkage model, 3) table linkage model, and 4) probabilistic model. Furthermore, the trade-off between privacy and utility, future directions, and inference from the study have been summarized. The study gives insights into various techniques in privacy-preserving data publishing to address the problems related to privacy in big data.
Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Rana Ramit , Bhutani Apurva
Published: March 2022

We currently live in the “big data” era in which we have the ability to collect massive amounts of data that are too onerous for a single individual to process. Artificial intelligence has already proven to be beneficial in a variety of industries, including technology, banking, marketing, and entertainment. For example, transportation, including the transition to self-driving, or autonomous cars, has been one of the most transformative transformations. Another example is that of Amazon. It suggests other clothes or products you might like based on some of your searches. Even Netflix predicts which movies you may like to watch next. AI is also being used in a variety of sectors that we aren't aware of, such as credit card fraud detection and mortgage loan approval, with more uses on the way. Artificial intelligence is beginning to have an impact on our lives in a variety of ways. Thus, this chapter will analyse the important issues and challenges in the area of AI.
Searching for Sustainability in the Generation of Knowledge
Authors: Llanos-Herrera Gonzalo R. , Castillo Alarcón Rony
Published: March 2022

The link between the practitioner's world and academia is not without its complications. If we assume that academics are responsible for producing knowledge while practitioners are responsible for its application, we could be excused for thinking that the natural procedure would be a joint effort, where these two worlds coincide. However, thanks to globalization—and scenarios of unheard-of speed and polarization—these human conditions, far from tending to converge, have in fact diverged due to technology's erasing of distances. Evidence suggests that these two groups function better apart, given the nature of their particular realities, and the so-called “Mode 2” was proposed in 1994, as a methodology capable of bringing both visions closer together; however, despite Mode 2's benefits, sizeable changes have yet to be observed. This work analyzes certain elements that could help to reverse this situation.
Sustainable MSEs in Turbulent Environments Thanks to Innovation
Authors: Ramírez-Garzón María Teresa , Muñoz-Maya Carlos Mario , Diaz-Villamizar Olga Lucia , Peña-Ahumada Nuria Beatriz
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to present the state of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in Bogota, Colombia with respect to the contribution of innovation as support to reach sustainable organizations in turbulent environments. To achieve this objective, a questionnaire structured and validated in 2020 by the Latin American Studies Network in Management and Business (RELAYN, its abbreviation in Spanish) was applied to 400 directors of MSEs located in the neighborhoods of Candelaria, Bosa, Puente Aranda, and Tunjuelito in Bogota. For the development of this research, a correlational analysis is made, evaluating the degree of association between some dependent variables such as increase in sales, increase in profit and the risk of closure of the establishment, and an independent variable, which is innovation. Three hypotheses are proposed, which are approved in part, as can be seen in the results and conclusions of this research.
Why Are There Discrepancies in the Results of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Its Impact on a Firm's Performance?
Authors: Andrade-Valbuena Nelson A. , Llanos-Herrera Gonzalo R.
Published: March 2022

Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and its relationship to a firm's performance is a topic of substantial interest among scholars in different contexts. To date, however, literature on the subject has reported conflicting results and inconclusive evidence in studies relating entrepreneurial orientation to a firm's performance. In this sense, the authors have reviewed the literature and found that diverse opinions regarding definitions, scales of measurement and modeling of the construct, and its dimensions have led to conflicts within empirical research. They have also reviewed studies that have highlighted curvilinear relationships between EO and performance. This summary of issues highlighted in previous reviews serves as a guideline when addressing research on EO, contributing to the general discussion in strategic entrepreneurship literature about this important subject.
IoT-Based Wearable Sensors
Authors: Bhuyan Bikram Pratim , Garg Shelly
Published: March 2022

Recognition of gestures has gained a lot of popularity in recent years and in the world-wide community as it has played an important role in many of the practical applications. A few of the popular practical applications are reading sign language, authentication of user, assistance provided in day-to-day life. Just to take an example, humans interact with small computers like mobile, wearable smart devices, popularly known as internet of things (IoT), which have a limitation to be embedded with in screens or keyboards. As per statistics, 26% of the population is under the age of 15 whereas some 9% of the population is above the age of 65 where they have problems performing a few activities on a daily basis, and hand gesture recognition can prove to be a good solution.
Machine Learning Based Real-Time Diagnosis of Mental Stress Using Photoplethysmography
Authors: Anwar Talha , Zakir Seemab
Published: March 2022

Mental stress is a natural response to life activities. However, acute and prolonged stress may cause psychological and heart diseases. Heart rate variability (HRV) is considered an indicator of mental stress and physical fitness. The standard way of obtaining HRV is using electrocardiography (ECG) as the time interval between two consecutive R-peaks. ECG signal is collected by attaching electrodes on different locations of the body, which need a proper clinical setup and is costly as well; therefore, it is not feasible to monitor stress with ECG. Photoplethysmography (PPG) is considered an alternative for mental stress detection using pulse rate variability (PRV), the time interval between two successive peaks of PPG. This study aims to diagnose daily life stress using low-cost portable PPG devices instead of lab trials and expensive devices. Data is collected from 27 subjects both in rest and in stressed conditions in daily life routine. Thirty-six time domain, frequency domain, and non-linear features are extracted from PRV. Multiple machine learning classifiers are used to classify these features. Recursive feature elimination, student t-test and genetic algorithm are used to select these features. An accuracy of 72% is achieved using stratified leave out cross-validation using K-Nearest Neighbor, and it increased up to 81% using a genetic algorithm. Once the model is trained with the best features selected with the genetic algorithm, we used the trained weights for the real-time prediction of mental stress. The results show that using a low-cost device; stress can be diagnosed in real life. The proposed method enable the regular monitoring of stress in short time that help to control the occurrence of psychological and cardiovascular diseases.
Comparison of Time-Frequency Analyzes for a Sleep Staging Application with CNN
Authors: Efe Enes , Özşen Seral
Published: March 2022

Sleep staging is the process of acquiring biological signals during sleep and marking them according to the stages of sleep. The procedure is performed by an experienced physician and takes more time. When this process is automated, the processing load will be reduced and the time required to identify disease will also be reduced. In this paper, 8 different transform methods for automatic sleep-staging based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were compared to classify sleep stages using single-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Five different labels were used to stage the sleep. These are Wake (W), Non Rapid Eye Movement (NonREM)-1 (N1), NonREM-2 (N2), NonREM-3 (N3), and REM (R). The classifications were done end-to-end without any hand-crafted features, ie without requiring any feature engineering. Time-Frequency components obtained by Short Time Fourier Transform, Discrete Wavelet Transform, Discrete Cosine Transform, Hilbert-Huang Transform, Discrete Gabor Transform, Fast Walsh-Hadamard Transform, Choi-Williams Distribution, and Wigner-Willie Distribution were classified with a supervised deep convolutional neural network to perform sleep staging. The discrete Cosine Transform-CNN method (DCT-CNN) showed the highest performance among the methods suggested in this paper with an F1 score of 89% and a value of 0.86 kappa. The findings of this study revealed that the transformation techniques utilized for the most accurate representation of input data are far superior to traditional approaches based on manual feature extraction, which acquires time, frequency, or nonlinear characteristics. The results of this article are expected to be useful to researchers in the development of low-cost, and easily portable devices.
Baby Incubator Monitoring Center Using Wi-Fi Network for Data Transmission
Authors: Lamidi Lamidi , Hamzah Torib , Triwiyanto Triwiyanto , Nuristadarro Nuristadarro , Elfredo Deny
Published: March 2022

Premature babies born before 38 weeks have a high risk of dying, requiring urgent care. Premature babies receiving intensive care in incubators need certain temperature, humidity, and a quiet room. In addition, the baby should also be ensured that his body temperature remains normal during the treatment period. Based on the condition of these vulnerable babies, it is very necessary to have a temperature monitoring system in the incubator. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop a baby incubator monitoring system that still uses the manual method to make it faster, easier, and more practical. This module is a tool that works independently and is not part of the baby incubator. Therefore, any brand of the incubator can be monitored using this module. The system in this module is wireless and uses a Wi-Fi network for data transmission. By using several ESP32 modules assembled into a central system, the data obtained from monitoring each sensor will be processed by the ESP32 which functions as a client, and collected at the central point of the ESP32 which functions as a server using the internal wifi network of the ESP32 itself as data transmission. The data from the server will subsequently be shown on the TFT Nextion display. Based on the overall measurement results using 2 baby incubators, the highest error values ​​were 1.387% for the incubator temperature parameter, 3.911% for the skin temperature parameter, 10.5% for the humidity parameter, and 25.692% for the noise parameter. The results showed that the module that was made still contained errors in each measurement. The results of this study will assist nurses in more simply and swiftly monitoring premature newborns.
Comparison of Bluetooth Performance for Low-Cost Wireless Stethoscope Implementation in Terms of Data Loss
Authors: Sumber Sumber , Setioningsih Endang Dian , Hamzah Torib
Published: March 2022

An acoustic stethoscope is used to monitor the patient's heart sounds. Stethoscope generally serves as a medium for detecting pathogens in patients. Many studies on digital stethoscopes use condenser microphones to detect heart sound signals whether using wireless systems or not. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of low-cost stethoscopes with two Bluetooth types of HC05, and HC06, in which researchers evaluated the amount of data transmitted, baud rate, and different distances via wireless transmission to facilitate the diagnosis of medical personnel. process to the patient. There is no reduction in the function of the device so doctors can still see pathogen signals from patients even at a distance. The system is built by transmitting data via Bluetooth and the signal is displayed and recorded on a personal computer. The statistical comparison of the two types of Bluetooth between types HC05 and HC06 obtained test results p > 0.05 which indicates that there is no significant difference between the results of sending hc05 and HC06 using baud levels of 9600, 38400, and 115200. However, data loss in trials using HC-06 in terms of biosignals can be detrimental to the patient because it eliminates the patient's heart sound information data. In this study, it can be considered that the use of HC05 is better than HC06.
Classification of Pulmonary Crackle and Normal Lung Sound Using Spectrogram and Support Vector Machine
Authors: Rizal Achmad , Priharti Wahmisari , Rahmawati Dien , Mukhtar Husneni
Published: March 2022

Crackles is one of the types of adventitious lung sound heard in patients with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis or cystic fibrosis. Pulmonary crackles of discontinuous short duration appear on inspiration, expiration, or both. To differentiate these pulmonary crackles, the medical staff usually uses a manual method, called auscultation. Various methods were developed to recognize pulmonary crackles and distinguish them from normal pulmonary sounds to be applied in digital signal processing technology. This paper demonstrates a feature extraction method to classify pulmonary crackle and normal lung sounds using Support Vector Machine (SVM) method using several kernels by performing spectrograms of the pulmonary sound to generate the frequency profile. Spectrograms with various resolutions and 3-fold cross-validation were used to divide the training data and the test data in the testing process. The resulting accuracy ranges from 81.4% - 100%. More accuracy values of 100% are generated by a feature extraction in several SVM kernels using 256 points FFT with three variations of windowing parameters compared to 512 points, where the best accuracy of 100% was produced by STFT-SVM method. This method has a potential to be used in the classification of other biomedical signals. The advantages of that are that the number of features produced is the same as the N-point FFT used for any signal length, the flexibility in the STFT parameters changes, such as the type of window and the window's length. In this study, only the Keiser window was tested with specific parameters. Exploration with different window types with various parameters is fascinating to do in further research.