bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A two-parameter extension of Urbanik’s product convolution semigroup
Authors: Berg Christian
Published: March 2020

We prove that sna, b = Γan + b/Γb, n = 0, 1, . . ., is an infinitely divisible Stieltjes moment sequence for arbitrary a, b > 0. Its powers sna, bc, c > 0, are Stieltjes determinate if and only if ac ≤ 2. The latter was conjectured in a paper by Lin 2019 in the case b = 1. We describe a product convolution semigroup τca, b, c > 0, of probability measures on the positive half-line with densities eca, b and having the moments sna, bc. We determine the asymptotic behavior of eca, bt for t → 0 and for t → ∞, and the latter implies the Stieltjes indeterminacy when ac > 2. The results extend the previous work of the author and Lopez 2015 and lead to a convolution semigroup of probability densities gca, bxc>0 on the real line. The special case gca, 1xc>0 are the convolution roots of the Gumbel distribution with scale parameter a > 0. All the densities gca, bx lead to determinate Hamburger moment problems.
Exploring of the Role of Teacher’s Input in Fossilization: An Examination of Some Spoken Errors by Albanian Speakers of English
Authors: Zimmerman Lynn W. , Vavla Laureta
Published: March 2020

Fossilization in second language acquisition is generally defined as a discrepancy between the foreign language learner’s usage of a structure or form and what is considered “correct” in the target language. Second language theory and research generally support the notion that classroom instruction can reduce and, even prevent, fossilization. However, a small body of research suggests that not all classroom instruction may effectively prevent fossilization and some may even promote it. The authors examine research about the relationship between fossilization and classroom practice, then look at the effects classroom practice may have on fossilization, focusing on the role of input. Next they consider the question: How likely are fossilized forms to be ignored or even promoted in a classroom with a teacher who is a non-native speaker of the target language? Anecdotal evidence collected from observations of classroom teachers and students of English in Albania highlights some errors which are fossilized. The study demonstrates that the Albanian context plays a role in several significant ways. Until the early 1990s most Albanian teachers of English had little or no direct contact with native English speakers nor with authentic listening and reading materials. This trend is changing, but there is still a tendency among Albanian teachers to repeat the incorrect forms which were taught to them by their teachers of English. The authors explore a few common errors and suggest some changes to classroom practice to help teachers and their students overcome fossilization using appropriate input, by first recognizing fossilized forms, then revising their output to correct forms.
Politicising Euripides: A Mouthful of Birds by Caryl Churchill and David Lan
Authors: Kamińska Aleksandra
Published: March 2020

The article discusses A Mouthful of Birds by Caryl Churchill and David Lan in terms of its relation to its Greek inspiration: Euripides’ Bacchae. Contrary to Michael Billington’s opinion that the fascination with the classics which dominated the 1980s theatre in Britain led to the emergence of an ‘interpretative culture’ motivated by artists’ inability to address current political issues, the article analyses a 1980s play that uses its classical source precisely to make political statements. In the course of the article the intertextual links between A Mouthful of Birds and The Bacchae are analysed with special focus on the politics motivating the modern text. Julie Sanders’ theory of literary appropriation is used to discuss selected themes addressing feminist, postcolonial and gender politics.
John Banville’s „Ghosts”: “A different way of being alive”
Authors: Kucała Bożena
Published: March 2020

This article analyses the ontological status of the characters who inhabit the world of John Banville’s novel Ghosts. While the problem of volatile selfhood recurs in Banville’s fiction, in this novel the very existence of the characters within the fictional world remains doubtful. It is argued here that the numerous metafictional elements in the text are central to its interpretation. The novel itself should be treated as a work in progress or a design for a novel rather than a completed project. The narrative initiates and ultimately resists familiar patterns; the characters’ peculiar way of being alive seems to stem from an intersection of empirical reality and an obscure realm of fantasy, imagination as well as textual and artistic allusions. Correspondingly, the narrator’s status as a literary character is ambiguous. The article suggests that the narrator is the most likely creator of the characters within the fictional world and is himself a playful author-substitute in the novel. In conclusion, a reading that treats Ghosts as a postmodern artefact appears to provide a viable framework for resolving the apparent contradictions and ambiguities in the status of the characters.
Old English Causative Alternation: The Transitivity of „openian” and „drỳgean”
Authors: Kulczycka Agata
Published: March 2020

The aim of this paper is to take a position in an ongoing debate over the direction of the derivation in the causative alternation. Since the solutions offered by synchronic linguistics carry with them certain problems, the research presented here accounts for the issue from the diachronic perspective, thus combining methods of corpus and theoretical linguistics. The results obtained from the quantitative analysis of the frequency of occurence of two Old English ‘change of state’ verbs in transitive and intransitive structures seem to support the detransitivization claim for at least one of the verbs. The qualitative study of the nature of the Old English causative alternation, in turn, indicates two different patterns according to which ‘change of state’ verbs may have alternated in the past. On the basis of this observation, the paper suggests a hypothesis about the temporal and directional diversification among the members of the group of ‘change of state’ verbs. This initial hypothesis offers solutions to certain problems for synchronic approaches to the direction of the derivation in the causative alternation.
Frozen Time in Gustav Deutsch’s "Shirley: Visions of Reality"
Authors: Front Sonia
Published: March 2020

Gustav Deutsch’s film Shirley: Visions of Reality 2013 is a slow cinema film which employs Edward Hopper’s paintings and reproduces their aesthetics. Both Hopper’s art and slow cinema can be characterized by silence, passivity, and the theme of alienation. The mood of alienation and loneliness, accompanied by the visual motifs and the tension between light and shadow taken from Hopper’s paintings, create an image of suspended time in the film. This is also enacted by the techniques characteristic of slow cinema that the film uses, particularly the long take. The poetics of slow cinema is employed to present the protagonist in in-between spaces, times and states that are located beyond the productive precinct of capitalism. The painterly stillness evoked in the film reflects the continuous present of the character’s existence and her subjective experience of time away from the culture of acceleration. Her interior time is juxtaposed with other time vectors: the historical time of 1930s–1960s America, historical decontextualization and the temporality of non-places. The distinct time vectors contribute to the sense of timelessness that the film ultimately generates.
„Ich will mir gar nicht alles merken, was mich betrifft.“ Autobiographische Texte von H. M. Enzensberger und Peter Schneider
Authors: Urválek Aleš
Published: March 2020

Der Beitrag stellt die autobiographischen Texte von H. M. Enzensberger und P. Schneider nebeneinander, um die Übergänge zwischen der Semantik der sogenannten skeptischen Generation Autoren, die zwischen 1925–1930 geboren sind, also G. Grass, M. Walser, R. Baumgart, J. Fest und der Generation des Jahres 1968 hier P. Schneider zu ermitteln. Er geht der Aufforderung von Schneider nach, man sei verpflichtet, die eigenen früheren Irrtümer einzugestehen, und versucht zu bergründen, warum Enzensberger auf diese Aufforderung in seinen Texten überhaupt nicht eingegangen ist. Die Analyse bettet die Enzensbergersche Autobiographie Tumult in den Kontext der intra- und intergenerationellen Perspektive ein, um die Hypothese zu überprüfen, in wie fern Enzensberger an das Jahr 1968 mit derselben Erzählstrategie herangeht, mit der seine Generationsgenossen über ihre Jugendjahre unter Hitler geschrieben haben.„Ich will mir gar nicht alles merken, was mich betrifft.” Autobiographical texts of H. M. Enzensberger and P. SchneiderThis study compares the autobiographical texts of H. M. Enzensberger and P. Schneider and tries to describe transitions between semantics of the so-called sceptical generation authors born in 1925–1930, here G. Grass, M. Walser, R. Baumgart, J. Fest and the ‘68 generation. It is based on Schneider’s proclamation that an intellectual is obliged to admit to their former errors and mistakes. Further it tries to clarify why Enzensberger was not going to fulfil this proclamation in his texts. This analysis puts Enzensberger’s autobiography Tumult 2014 in the intragenerational and intergenerational perspective. The main aim of this study is then to prove to what extent Enzensberger’s narrative strategy pairs with the strategy of his generation peers writing about their apprenticeship years under the rule of the Nazis.
Warum Faszinierendes im Polnischen ‘intrigiert’? Von verbalen falschen Freunden im Sprachenpaar Deutsch-Polnisch
Authors: Księżyk Felicja
Published: March 2020

Die sog. falschen Freunde werden bekanntlich als potentielle Interferenzquelle bei Übersetzern und im Fremdsprachenunterricht betrachtet. In der einschlägigen Literatur zum Sprachenpaar Deutsch-Polnisch werden sie mit Vorliebe durch substantivische Wortpaare veranschaulicht. Der vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich verbalen falschen und wahren Freunden, wobei insbesondere bei wahren Freunden nicht nur Bedeutungsgleichheit, sondern auch eventuelle Verwendungs- bzw. Usualitätsunterschiede zu berücksichtigen sind.Why, what is fascinating, in the Polish language intrigues? About verbal false friends of a translator in the Polish-GermancombinationThe so-called false friends are known to be a potential source of interference in translation and foreign language learning. In the relevant literature concerning linguistic Polish-German pairs, false friends are often illustrated on the example of noun pairs. This article is devoted to false and true verbal friends when, especially in the case of true friends, not only convergence of meaning is taken into consideration but also possible differences in their use or alternatively their usualness
Was das Sprechen über die Sprache erzählt. Eine diskurslinguistische Untersuchung zum Sprachreferendum in einem mehrsprachigen Land
Authors: Zālīte Jūlija
Published: March 2020

Der Beitrag nimmt das Sprachreferendum 2012 in Lettland unter die Lupe, um die Aspekte und die Konstruktion von Ablehnungs- und Abgrenzungsprozessen in einem mehrsprachigen Land zu verfolgen. Zur Analyse und Auswertung wurden 14 printmediale Interviews zum Thema Sprachreferendum 2012 aus neun unterschiedlichen lettischsprachigen Quellen herangezogen, die den öffentlichen Diskurs maßgeblich gestaltet haben. Dabei war es relevant, mithilfe einer diskurslinguistischen Methode dominierende Denkfiguren auf zwei Ebenen herauszuarbeiten: zuerst auf der lexikalischen Ebene und dann auf der Ebene der Argumentationsmuster.What tells the speech about the language. A discourse-linguistic research about formal Language Referendum in a polyglot countryThis paper aims to examine the Language Referendum in Latvia in 2012 to pursue the aspects and the construction of refusal and demarcation processes in a polyglot country. Fourteen printed interviews were selected for the analysis and evaluation on the subject of Language Referendum in 2012 from nine different Latvian-speaking resources which have decisively formed the public discourse. Besides, it was relevant with the help of a discourse-linguistic method to work out dominating mental figures at two levels: first at lexical level and then at the level of the argumentation patterns.
Pommersche Identitäten. Zu Der Teufel vom Sande Hans Hoffmanns
Authors: Wójcik Bartosz
Published: March 2020

Der 1891 von Hans Hoffmann veröffentlichte Text Der Teufel vom Sande erschien in einer Novellensammlung, die sich mit der Geschichte und dem geläufigen Bild Pommerns auseinandersetzte. Der damals populäre Text schildert eine fiktive Geschichte vor historischem Hintergrund. Neben seiner Unterhaltungsfunktion – die Liebesgeschichte ist für den Plot relativ wichtig – spielt die literarische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Kulturerbe und der Identität der Pommern um 1900 eine gewichtige Rolle. Auf Stereotypen basierend – und diese humoristisch nutzend – bot Hoffmann eine Vision Pommerns an, die zum Zeitpunkt der Entstehung des Deutschen Reiches von Bedeutung war. Heute kann sie nur noch historisch rekonstruiert werden.Pomerania’s identities. On Hans Hoffmann’s Der Teufel vom SandeDer Teufel vom Sande was published in 1891 in a collection of short stories which tackled the history and the common image of Pomerania. The text, classified as historical fiction, was popular at the time of its publishing. Apart from its role as a piece of entertainment – a love story plays a relatively important part in the narrative – the short story divagates about the cultural heritage and the identity of Pomerania’s inhabitants around 1900. Basing on stereotypes – and using them for humorous purposes – Hoffmann proposed a vision of Pomerania that was of vital significance at the time of the German Reich’s foundation. Nowadays it can only be historically reconstructed.
Uta von Naumburg – eine „deutsche Ikone“ aus dem Mittelalter? Figurationen des Weiblichen im deutschen postmodernen Roman am Beispiel von Claudia und Nadja Beinerts "Die Herrin der Kathedrale"
Authors: Dampc-Jarosz Renata
Published: March 2020

Uta von Naumburg, die Gattin des Markgrafen Ekkehard II. von Meißen, lebte wahrscheinlich zwischen 1000 und 1043. In der deutschen Kulturtradition erfreut sie sich einer gewissen Popularität, jedoch nicht als eine historische Gestalt, sondern als Steinfigur im Westchor des Naumburger Domes. In den 30er Jahren des 20. Jahrhunderts wurde sie zum Symbol der deutschen Weiblichkeit erhoben und im nationalsozialistischen Sinne mythisiert. Von der Rezeption der Stifterin des Naumburger Domes ausgehend, strebt der vorliegende Beitrag an, am Beispiel des postmodernen historischen Romans von Claudia und Nadja Beinerts Die Herrin der Kathedrale 2013 die De-Mythisierungsstrategie von Utas Figur zu präsentieren. Eine wichtige Rolle wird dabei den mittelalterlichen Weiblichkeits- und Machtvorstellungen zugemessen, die in die postmoderne Narrativik des Vergangenen eingebettet sind. Uta von Naumburg – a “German Icon” from the Middle Ages? Figurations of femininity in the postmodern novel Die Herrin der Kathedrale by Claudia and Nadja Beinert Uta von Naumburg, wife of margrave Ekkehard II from Meissen, probably lived from 1000 to 1043 AD. In the German cultural tradition she is not known as a historical figure, but as a stone statue from the Naumburg Cathedral. In the 1930s she became a symbol of German femininity and was made a heroine of the National Socialist myth. Beginning with the historical figure of Uta, this article will show the strategies used to demythologize the founder of the cathedral, based on the postmodern novel Die Herrin der Kathedrale 2013, written by Claudia and Nadja Beinert. The authors present the ways of the deconstruction of the medieval paradigm of femininity with the help of narrative strategies.
Einige Bemerkungen zur Emanzipation des Frauenbildes in der deutschen und polnischen Phraseologie
Authors: Majnusz-Stadnik Mariola
Published: March 2020

Phraseologismen spiegeln gegenwärtige Lebensweisen wider. Sie verbildlichen sprachlich Tendenzen, Werte, reflektieren Lebensweisen der Menschen und beschreiben ihre typischen Präferenzen. Die Darstellung des Frauenbildes war schon immer im Augenmerk der Phraseologie. Dieser Beitrag versucht die Fragen zu beantworten, ob die in den letzten Jahren stattfindenden Veränderungen in der Gesellschaft eine Anpassung im phraseologischen Bestand gefunden haben und ob neue Phraseologismen gebildet wurden, die die Rolle der Frau im 21. Jahrhundert dokumentieren.A few comments on the changes of women’s images in the Polish and German phraseologyPhrasemes reflect habits and customs, traditions, historical facts, social life phenomena and cultural values of a given society. Phrasemes often “live” longer than the image they reflect. Women were and still are a subject of phrasemes. The aim of this paper is an answer to the question if the image of women arising from the Polish and German phraseology in the face of the transformations taking place in the last 40 years in the society has changed and if new phrasemes describing women of the 21st century appeared.
Zum schlesischen Dialekt in Kleinpolen anhand der Sprachanalyse ausgewählter Juramenta aus dem 15. Jahrhundert
Authors: Owsiński Piotr A. , Moskała Paweł
Published: March 2020

Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die mittelalterlichen Juramenta aus dem 15. Jahrhundert graphematisch untersucht. Das Textkorpus entstammt dem Antiquum Registrum Privilegiorum Et Statutorum Civitatis Cracoviensis, das im Jahre 1936 von Stanisław Estreicher in Kraków veröffentlicht wurde. Die Erforschung dreier ausgewählter Eidesformeln bewies eindeutig, dass die Stadtschreiber der Krakauer Stadtkanzlei die schlesische Mundart gebrauchten, was mithilfe der entsprechenden Belege untermauert wird. The Silesian dialect in Lesser Poland on the basis of the language analysis of selected oaths from the 15th centuryThe article hereunder presents the language analysis of the chosen German oaths from the 15th century, which come from the Antiquum Registrum Privilegiorum Et Statutorum Civitatis Cracoviensis published by Stanisław Estreicher in 1936 in Cracow. The texts of the unknown scriveners were written in the Silesian dialect, what can be proved on the basis of the way of the notation in the oath. The authors introduce the results of their analysis showing the Silesian characteristic features with the appropriate examples.
Die Kraft der Gletscher. Ein Beitrag zur politischen Ikonographie in der Literatur der Napoleonischen Kriege
Authors: Szybisty Tomasz
Published: March 2020

Der vorliegende Aufsatz widmet sich den politisch-nationalen Auslegungen der eisigen Landschaft in ausgewählten literarischen Werken der Napoleonischen Zeit. Eingangs wird die Aufwertung der polaren und alpinen Regionen im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert umrissen, in deren Folge die bis dahin negativ konnotierten Gebiete als antizivilisatorische Sehnsuchts- oder Erkenntnisorte umgedeutet wurden. Einen Höhepunkt fand diese Entwicklung am Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts. Der hohe Norden sowie die Alpen als Zitat des Nordischen wurden insbesondere zur Zeit der Befreiungskriege in der politischen Lyrik als Symbole der Freiheit und Hoffnung eingesetzt, da diese Himmelsrichtung assoziativ u.a. mit der vermuteten Herkunft der Germanen aus Skandinavien und der Niederlage Napoleons im winterlichen Russland verbunden wurde.The power of glaciers: Shedding additional light on the political iconography found in the lyrical production of the Napoleonic eraThis article undertakes to investigate national-political connotations attendant to glacier-featuring landscapes in some literary works of the Napoleonic era. The point of departure for this analysis is marked by the outline of the 18th century re-evaluative process which concerned the cultural conventional wisdom vis-à-vis the symbolic significance of polar and high-elevation regions. In that time, they came to be regarded as off-the-beaten-track refuges and loci affording illumination. This new trend found its culmination at the beginning of the 19th century. The Far North as well as the Alps may have functioned in that period as a symbol connoting freedom and hope for a victory over the French; this sentiment achieved particular prominence in the lyrical production of the Napoleonic period. The German national psyche invested such regions i.a. with two qualities: firstly, they were reminiscent of the cradle of the Germanic people, and secondly, they invoked the debacle of Napoleon’s winter military campaign in Russia.
Das vereinigte Europa und seine Widersacherin – zu Julya Rabinowichs Roman "Die Erdfresserin" im Kontext aktueller Arbeits- Migrationsbewegungen
Authors: Rutka Anna
Published: March 2020

Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht Julya Rabinowichs Migrationsroman Die Erdfresserin im Hinblick auf die Heterotopie Foucault der dort dargestellten Handlungsorte. Die Autorin lässt ihre osteuropäische Protagonistin ausgerechnet an den von Foucault als Abweichungsheterotopien bezeichneten Orten agieren und reflektieren, was dieser Figur signifikante kritisch-rebellische Widerstandskompetenzen verleiht. Diana agiert als illegale Migrantin, Prostituierte, gelernte Schauspielerin und Erdfresserin auf einem Wiener Friedhof an den Rändern der westeuropäischen Gesellschaft und fällt aus dieser peripheren Ausschlussposition signifikante Urteile über Widersprüche und Machtasymmetrien im gegenwärtigen Europa.United Europe and it’s adversary – Julya Rabinowich’s novel The Earth-Eater in the context of the contemporary labour migration movementThe following article examines Julya Rabinowich’s migraton novel The Earth-Eater regarding heterotopia Foucault of the presented narration places. Rabinowich’s east Europian protagonist acts and reflects in the heterotopias of deviation in the meaning of Foucault, what gives her a significant critical and rebellious resistance competence. Diana acts as illegal migrant, prostitute, trained actress and earth-eater in the Vienas cemetery on the fingers of west Europian society and passes of this periphery exclusion space the judgment on inconsistencies and power asymetry of the contemporary Europe.
Sprawiedliwość kary z perspektywy ustawowych wskazań jej wymiaru. Rozważania na tle kodeksu karnego
Authors: Kania Agnieszka
Published: March 2020

A just punishment from the perspective of the laws indicating its measure. Comments in the context of the Penal CodeThe subject of this article concerns the issue of fair sentencing. In order to introduce the essence of a just punishment, the study presents its three models, which have been established with a great contribution of the achievements of criminal law and case law. While highlighting these models, the main focus was placed on the selection of statutory indications that should be helpful in making legitimate judicial decision on penalty measure. The observations suggest that the most convincing viewpoint seems to be the stance in light of which the interpretation of “just punishment” should not be limited to a strict analysis of the provisions under the general directives Art. 53 § 1 of the Polish Penal Code, but must take into account other indications for judicial sentencing. In addition the fact that the subject of this article is very sensitive also leads to the conclusion that any attempts to create a textbook definition of a just punishment are doomed to fail.
Dyrektywa jako podstawa prawna decyzji administracyjnej
Authors: Majczak Paweł
Published: March 2020

Directive as the legal basis of the administrative decisionAn administrative decision is the goal of the administrative procedure. In accordance with the rule of law’s principle expressed in the article 7 of The Constitution of the Republic of Poland: „The organs of public authority have to function on the basis of, and within the limits of the law”. This principle, which has been also confirmed in article 6 of Administrative Procedure Code, is inextric­ably connected with the necessity of the legal basis of the administrative decisions, which may be the only binding universal law provisions. It seems to be reasonable that they have the rank of en­actment. Considerable impact on the legal basis for the administrative decision is as well European Union’s law. Directive is one of the European Union’s secondary law and binds, as to the result to be achieved, upon each Member State to which it is addressed. Directive requires proper implemen­tation to national law’s system and native rules, which were a part of its transposition, become legal basis of administrative decision. Problem appears when the Member State breaches the term of the implementation or have the directive inaptly implemented. It is appropriate to assume that as long as the public authority is not disposing national law’s norm, which transposes directive and as well as it is not able to use union-friendly interpretation, public authority will not have the competence to adjudicate administrative cases.
Kondominium brytyjsko-francuskie — fenomen kolonialny na Vanuatu
Authors: Siekiera Joanna
Published: March 2020

The British-French condominium — the colonial phenomenon on VanuatuOver the entire 20th century, there was a joint government of France and the Great Britain in what is now the Republic of Vanuatu. This specific form of governance, called condominium, is legitimatised by the virtue of international law, but it occurs indeed rarely. This political system pro­vides the equal distribution of rights and responsibilities in the colony, and also between the partner states. Nonetheless, the dual governments in Vanuatu deny this principle. The article presents the history of the Republic’s statehood as well as the implications of the joint British-French govern­ments on the current legal order.
Glosa do wyroku Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z dnia 19 lipca 2016 r., II OSK 2762/14
Authors: Nikiforów Andrzej , Klat-Górska Elżbieta
Published: March 2020

Gloss to the judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court of 19 July 2016, files no. II OSK 2762/14The study presents the judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court of 19 July 2016, II OSK 2762/14, and acceds to the position of the Court. It was explained that on the grounds of the judgment commented, reference is made to the two essentials of general procedural issues, pointing — first — on the eligibility criteria letters sent by the administration to the applicant, and secondly — the basis to force the administration authority issuing the required procedural act. It was pointed out that regardless of whether the administrative authority violates the interests of action, or silence or protraction, an entity shall find a specific remedy standardized by the legislature appeal, compla­int, complaint for failure to act, the complaint to the court, etc.. It is, therefore, a authority whose essence and, at the same time, the function is tailored to the specific situation of the process.
Prawo inspirowane życiem — nowy czeski Kodeks cywilny regulacja prawa spadkowego
Authors: Kocowska-Siekierka Elżbieta
Published: March 2020

Life inspired bill for life — the new Czech Civil Code Inheritance LawThe paper aims at investigating how the Czech Republic member of the European Union deals with the problem of recodification of the Civil Law after political system transformation. The paper presents changes in Inheritance Law that strengthening testamentary freedom and modify the pur­view of family protection.
Wybrane zagadnienia dziedziczenia testamentowego w świetle orzecznictwa sądów apelacji lwowskiej w okresie międzywojennym
Authors: Koredczuk Józef
Published: March 2020

Selected aspects of testate succession in the light of the case-law of courts in the Lviv judicial district in the inter-war periodThe author of the article presents selected issues of testate succession soundness of mind of the testator, formal requirements of a will and its witnesses, joint and privileged wills, revocation of a will and its invalidation provided for in the Austrian Civil Code ABGB and in force in the part of Poland annexed by Austria. The author’s analysis of the provisions applicable to the issues in question is further enhanced by references to the case-law of courts forming the Lviv judicial district, illustrating the complexity of the provisions. The case-law testifies to how big a role was played by testate succession in the part of Poland annexed by Austria. On the other hand, it shows how many people did not know the ABGB provisions and how differently the provisions were interpreted by the courts.Ausgewählte Probleme der testamentarischen Erbfolge im Lichte der Rechtsprechung der Gerichte des Lemberger Berufungsbezirkes in der ZwischenkriegszeitDer Verfasser stellt im Aufsatz ausgewählte Probleme betreffend die testamentarische Erbfol­ge vor Geistesgegenwart des Erblassers, formelle Anforderungen an Testamente und die Zeugen, gemeinsame und bevorzugte Testamente, Widerruf des Testaments und dessen Aufhebung, die im österreichischen Zivilgesetzbuch ABGB vorgesehen waren und im ehemaligen österreichischen Teilgebiet galten. Die Analyse der die erwähnten Probleme betreffenden Vorschriften erweitert er um die Rechtsprechung der Gerichte des Lemberger Berufungsbezirkes aus der Zwischenkriegszeit und zeigt dabei ihre Kompliziertheit im alltäglichen Leben. Diese Beschlüsse zeugen davon, welch eine große Rolle die testamentarische Erbfolge im ehemaligen österreichischen Teilgebiet spielte. Andererseits sind sie ein Beweis, dass viele Personen die Vorschriften des ABGB nicht kannten und dass seine Vorschriften durch die Gerichte unterschiedlich ausgelegt waren.
Wybrane elementy z historii ochotniczej straży pożarnej
Authors: Gortych Dariusz
Published: March 2020

Selected elements from history of the volunteer fire departmentThe publication contains historical examples of the functioning of the volunteer fire brigades. There is presents different aspects of their operation.
Налоговое администрирование в системе публичного администрирования Литовской Республики
Authors: Sudavičius Bronius
Published: March 2020

Tax administration in the public administration system of the Republic of LithuaniaThe article deals with the issue of the place of tax administration in the general public administration system of the Republic of Lithuania. Tax administration is part of public administration not only in its subject composition, but also in its content.  Налоговое администрирование в системе публичного администрирования Литовской РеспубликиВ статье рассматривается вопрос о месте налогового администрирования в общей системе публичного администрирования Литовской Республики. Налоговое администри- рование является частью публичного администрирования не только по своему субъектному составу, но и по своему содержанию.
Vers le sens social du phénomène du djihad : cas des djihadistes
Authors: Chruściel Patrycja
Published: March 2020

TOWARDS THE SOCIAL MEANING OF THE JIHAD PHENOMENON. THE CASE OF JIHADISTSThe aim of this article is to describe the elements of social meaning given by the French news­papers to the phenomenon of jihad. In this purpose, we adopt the methods of the school of discourse analysis. We study the discursive moment of press production about jihad which emerged after the real event of November 13, 2015. The analysis of this production in a defined time frame makes it possible to establish a list of reformulations of the headword djihadistes in French and to observe semantic values which are attributed to them in the discourse although they do not appear in their common lexical definitions.
L’amitié dans „Les États et Empires de la Lune” de Cyrano de Bergerac
Authors: Pawłowska Maja
Published: March 2020

FRIENDSHIP IN CYRANO DE BERGERAC’S  LES ÉTATS ET EMPIRES DE LA LUNEIn his novel Les États et Empires de la Lune Other Worlds, or the States and the Empires of the Moon, Cyrano de Bergerac describes imaginary visits to New France and to the Moon, and he por­trays in a burlesque way the society of his time. The encounters of the narrator with alien Lunarian cultures lead to his disappointment. The writer questions all the moral standards, ideals and scientific facts available in his century. Friendship is the only value he does not criticise but estimates.
Le voyage utopique de Wojciech Gutkowski : la Pologne se trouve-t-elle en Australie ?
Authors: Matyaszewski Paweł
Published: March 2020

THE UTOPIAN JOURNEY OF WOJCIECH GUTKOWSKI:IS POLAND LOCATED IN AUSTRALIA?This article analyses the forgotten novel of Wojciech Gutkowski 1775–1826 Podróż do Kalopei [Trip to Kalopea], which was published in 1817. The story takes place in Australia, in a small country founded by the Polish king Bolesław II the Bold. Gutkowski describes the history of the Kalop nation the name Kalop is an anagram of Polak, its social and political system where everyone is equal and the term private property does not exist. Despite the Polish background presented in the novel, the unique vision of the nation seems to express a universal message which is valid for all the countries. That is the reason why Gutkowski’s work is considered to be one of the most important pieces of classical utopian literature.
Theo van Doesburg, Vladimir Tatlin en de constructivistische reis naar de vierde dimensie
Authors: Srebnik Anita
Published: March 2020

Theo van Doesburg, Vladimir Tatlin and the constructivist journey to the fourth dimension The magazine De Stijl is considered a constructivist magazine with Theo van Doesburg at its centre, especially among writers. This article tries to find an answer to the question: which characteristics in van Doesburg’s poetry make him a literary constructivist, taking into account the premises of the original constructivism as it emerged in pre-revolutionary Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. This is done by analysing his poem entitled X-Beelden 1920 which could come close to constructivism. First, there follows a brief outline of some essential features of a constructivist work of art, explained by presenting an example from architecture, which at the time was considered the most important art also for literary constructivists. This idea was inspired by the non-Euclidean geometry and the theory of relativity. The new concept of time and space developed at the beginning of the 20th century was adopted by many artists, among them van Doesburg. Although he often reflected upon it in his programmatic essays, not enough evidence was found to prove the thesis that his poem X-Beelden 1920 could be constructivist and that the fourth dimension would find its way into his literary practice.
Een labyrint voor onze tijd. Het metaverhaal van de metropool in Paul van Ostaijens grotesken
Authors: Stoicescu Alexa
Published: March 2020

A labyrinth for our time: The meta-story of the metropolis in Paul van Ostaijen’s grotesques Apart from poetry, Paul van Ostaijen also wrote grotesque prose. The grotesque shows an inverted world that is equally logical as the real world but governed by different norms and an upside-down morality. It is alienating and familiar at the same time. The grotesque texts reflect on the grand narratives of modernism. In this article, I focus on the image of the metropolis in three stories: De kudde van Claire, De gehouden hotelsleutel and De verloren huissleutel. Firstly, I define the concept of the grotesque. Then, I discuss van Ostaijen’s time in Berlin, before I turn to the metropolis and its inhabitants. They seem to desperately hold on to a logical and dual organisation of their city, lives and world, yet van Ostaijen undermines this dualistic world vision and positions his prose in the domain of ambiguity, in a labyrinth that may be the only answer to the question of the crisis imposed by reality.
Taal is Business! Over globalisering en toepassingen in de taalkunde
Authors: Steurs Frieda
Published: March 2020

Language is Business! On globalisation and applications in linguisticsHow did Microsoft handle its language policy and the different language versions of its software? Why did Starbucks’ ginger coffee fail in Germany? Why did McDonalds change its menus in Europe? What is the cost of a mistake in a translation? In order to succeed globally, enterprises and organisations have to be able to adapt to local circumstances and deliver top quality, also in their multilingual communication. It involves investing in communication and translation. Language has its price and its value.In this paper, I want to point out the economic value of language. In a globalising world, the language sector has developed into an industry. The importance of language and communication in modern economies and societies and the need for language professionals are very often underestimated. Every company needs to have a language policy and has to invest in multilingualism and active support for translation and localisation. Recent developments in globalisation and localisation show that there is a huge need for professional language experts.
Urbanologia: ku odbudowie tradycyjnego miasta europejskiego — szkic krytyczny
Authors: Medeksza Łukasz
Published: March 2020

Urbanology: Towards a Revivalof the Traditional European Town“Urbanology” — the term used in the title of the book Towards urbanology by the architect Stanisław Lose from Wrocław — refers to his idea of “afield of knowledge whose main subject is aman in an urbanised world”. Therefore urbanology is opposed to urbanistics, which — according to Lose — is more interested in economy, transportation or spatial planning than in people. The author of Towards urbanology strongly appreciates the medieval model of town — and its more freedom-oriented, and creativity-oriented, continuation in later ages. The author is also very impressed by the historical role of christianity as the cultural integrator of urban societies. But Lose’s book is only apretext for briefly describing the contemporary history of the traditionalist current in urbanism and enthusiastic opinions about the Middle Ages expressed by such different authors as René Guénon, Peter Kropotkin or G.K. Chesterton. Nowadays the so-called neomedivalism tries to interpret the current cultural, political and administrative diversity of Europe as anew version of the multi-level and polycentric order associated with the Middle Ages. But neomedievalism and urbanistic traditionalism raise some questions — for example those about the limits of being inspired by the Middle Ages, about the economy of the neomedieval model of town or about the relationship between the notion of the so-called living tradition in urbanism and architecture on the one hand — and historical styles on the other.
Kultura w afekcie — „semiotyczność” estetycznego doświadczenia
Authors: Dobrowolski Robert
Published: March 2020

Affectivity of culture — “the semiotic”of aesthetic experienceArt enables us to access these aspects of culture that escape its abstract discourse. Aesthetic experience reveals culture’s subconscious affective motifs. It is particularly evident from the psychoanalytical interpretation’s standpoint Kristeva, Lacan, in which the logics of signifiers reveals its connections with aesthetic and psychosomatic sphere of drive. In this way this linguistically oriented theory of culture runs a chance of transcending its own significant limitations and has an opportunity to open up to something which is other, which can never be fully tamed in this aesthetic discipline.
Farewell to Organised Religion — Contemporary Dutch Prose, a Few Texts, Paratexts, and Contexts
Authors: Tak-Ignaczak Ewa
Published: March 2020

Pożegnanie z religią zorganizowaną. Współczesna proza holenderska: wybrane teksty, parateksty, kontekstyNiniejszy artykuł nakreśla zjawisko literackiego sukcesu trzech współczesnych pisarzy holen­derskich: Maartena ‘t Hart, Franki Treur i Jana Siebelinka, których prozę, reprezentującą rozmaite gatunki literackie między innymi esej, powieść i opowiadanie, łączy tematyka zmierzchu religii, w Holandii do niedawna jeszcze zorganizowanej na zasadzie tak zwanych kolumn ideologicznych, znajdujących oparcie głównie w protestantyzmie i katolicyzmie. Pisarze ci, wyrastający z ortodoksyjnej tradycji kalwińskiej, dominującej na północy Holandii, reprezentują zarówno zanikające społeczności i emancypujące się grupy społeczne, jak i jednost­ki wchodzące w ich skład, typowe dla społeczeństwa holenderskiego, które współcześnie cechuje wysoki stopień sekularyzacji. ‘T Hart wyszydza kalwiński literalizm biblijny, jak też, podobnie jak Franca Treur, kreśli portret zamkniętych ludowych kalwińskich nisz, podczas gdy Jana Siebelinka fascynuje tragiczna mistyka łaski. T.S. Eliot w eseju Religia i literatura zauważa, iż kultura odchodząca od źródeł religijnych rodzi literaturę, w której religia stopniowo zmienia swą pozycję — początkowo wszechobecna, z czasem staje się przedmiotem sporu, by ostatecznie być postrzegana jako anachronizm. Idąc jego śladem, zauważyć można, iż w prozie ‘t Harta kalwinizm a właściwie cała tradycja chrześcijańska jest na­dal groźnym ideologicznym wrogiem, którego potrzeba obezwładnienia uzasadnia wszelkie chwyty, z nieszczędzącą niczego zjadliwą satyrą włącznie. Prozę Treur i Siebelinka cechuje natomiast nuta nostalgii i dwuznaczność, co lepiej predestynuje ich niż ‘t Harta do pełnienia funkcji strażników dziedzictwa kulturowego swoich środowisk.
Ostatnia strona „Obywatela Kane’a”
Authors: Kozubek Małgorzata
Published: March 2020

The last side of Citizen Kane History of cinema does not consist merely of masterpieces, but also of films that are unfinished, as well as scripts that were supposed to serve as the basis for films which ultimately never came into being or were transformed into completely different works completed by another filmmaker. Welles’ case is very interesting in this context as, on the one hand, he was a star of the “author’s policy”, a universally known celebrity, a legend of world cinema, who contributed significantly to its history, but on the other hand he was also an unaccomplished figure. Yet, his unfulfillment was different from what is often described, for instance, in autobiographical interpretations of Citizen Kane: “he had everything and lost everything”. We may rather say that his oeuvre forms a sinusoid that comprises both completed, artistically accomplished works and films that were rejected by viewers and critics, as well as more than a dozen very interesting unfinished projects. In this paper I’m analysing the case of Orson Welles’ last unfinished movie — The Other Side of the Wind 2018.
Don Kichot niewierny: kontrkulturowość niespełnienia
Authors: Barbaruk Magdalena
Published: March 2020

Don Quixote unfaithful: Counterculture of failureThe author analyzes the cultural status of the unfinished adaptations of Don Quixote of Miguel de Cervantes, which were worked on for years by Orson Welles 1955–1985 and Terry Gilliam 1991–2018. Although there are many films about the errant knight, these two projects still arouse interest of critics, viewers and filmmakers. Barbaruk initially puts these perplexing obsessions in the context of the idea of film maudit and the romanticism of interpretations of Don Quixote, but considers that only referring to modernity, which is the embodiment of the film industry, makes it understandable. In the unfinished projects of Welles and Gilliam the author sees the potential for self-creation and interpretation underlining of openness of Cervantes’s novel and the autonomy of its heroes and a counter-cultural, critical force aimed at contemporary finality.
Mobilne narzędzia diagnostyczne i globalizujące się zaburzenia psychiczne. O roli DSM w kształtowaniu kulturowego obrazu zdrowia psychicznego
Authors: Wróblewski Michał
Published: March 2020

Mobile diagnostic tools and globalizing mental disorders: On the role of DSM in shaping the cultural image of mental healthThe article analyses the phenomenon of globalization of mental disorders, focusing on the dis­semination of the US diagnostic manual — the DSM. The DSM is an example of a mobile infra­structure, which enables the circulation of a certain way of thinking about mental disorders. Selected examples show how this diagnostic tool changes medical practices and the cultural image of mental health in different regions of the world. Those examples are PTSD, depression, ADHD.
Agorafobia, czyli ukryte curriculum. Pole akademickie i dylematy intelektualizmu krytycznego
Authors: Skórzyńska Agata
Published: March 2020

Agoraphobia, or hidden curriculum: Academic field and dilemmas of critical intellectualismThe key topic of this volume is the critical attitude in cultural studies. In the article, this topic is understood in a specific way. The ability to conduct critical cultural studies depends on the recog­nition of the attitude that we can call “public intelectualism” and its opportunities and limitations. According to a well-known concept of Jürgen Habermas, the position of public intellectuals is con­ditioned by the forms of human interests related to knowledge. However, today the forms of knowl­edge work, practical and emancipatory need to be rethought, as Pierre Bordieu has shown. Dif­ferent forms of human interests can be combined in one scientific venture. Futhermore, there is no way to achive the full autonomy of the academic field from the metafield of power and other social fields because of the internal conditions of the academic world. The recognition of these internal properties is the prerequisite of “public intellectualism.” According to the conceptual view of cur­riculum studies, some of these conditions belong to the so-called explicit curriculum, but the others create a hidden curriculum — the uconscious components of habitus or unarticulated circumstances of the academic form of life. The argument presented in this article is inspired by two sources: firstly by the very important biographical episode in the academic life of Bourdieu who at the end of his career became strongly involved in public criticism of neoliberalism. Secondly, I refer to several public statements of Polish intellectuals who criticised the neoliberalisation of the academy in the context of the present reforms of the public higher education and science. As I try to show, ignor­ing the hidden curriculum may lead to a specific and risky attitude — agoraphobia — which means the fear of involvement in the public sphere and helplesness in the defence of critical research and emancipatory forms of academic knowledge.
Kultura i gospodarka z perspektywy gospodarki doświadczeń
Authors: Schindler Jacek
Published: March 2020

Culture and economy from the perspective of experience economyAs the humanities are increasingly turning to nature, things, posthumanism and the Anthropo­cene, fields considered typically as separate, or even contradictory, are being explored from perspec­tives that combine a number of different academic disciplines. However, there has been less interest in the territories stretching between culture and economy, let alone in approaching economic and cultural processes as closely interrelated. This is probably because humanistic turns have one thing in common: the rejection of anthropocentrism. On the other hand, it is difficult to consider culture and economy without acknowledging the pivotal role of agency, subjectification and resource avail­ability of human subjects. The ambition of the paper is to demonstrate that an approach that does this enables a new, different, more in-depth perspective on culture and economy.The author analyses a number of cases where humanities-derived categories are used to describe economic processes, as well as to address the process of creating products based on cultural resour­ces, eminently exemplified by experience economy.
Posthumanistyczny Inny, czyli wyzwania dla współczesnej humanistyki. Szkic wokół teorii Achille Mbembe
Authors: Dettlaff Rudolf
Published: March 2020

Posthumanistic Another, or challenges for contemporary humanities: Sketch around the theory of Achille MbembeThe text is a critical essay about Achille Mbembe’s poshumanistic theory of identity and answers the question of why we should read about postcolonial theory today, adjusting it to local European relations. The author proposes a specific kind of reading Mbembe’s essay as a call to create an involved identity. Involved identities are a form of resistance against European and many other authorities.