bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COCOA MARKETING CHANNEL ANALYSIS IN MARGOLEMBO VILLAGE, MANGKUTANA DISTRICT, EAST LUWU REGENCY
Authors: Heliawaty Heliawaty , Rukmana Didi , Khotimah IIn Wulan
Published: October 2024

The cocoa marketing problem faced is the lack of information on marketing channels for farmers whereas from the farmer's point of view as producers, information regarding effective and efficient marketing channels is one of the things that can encourage increased cocoa production. The importance of access to marketing information for farmers so that farmers can find out directly the selling price of cocoa from each marketing agency. The purpose of this research is to analyze the size of the margin in each cocoa bean marketing channel that has been formed. The analysis in this study includes channel analysis and marketing functions, marketing margins and efficiency. The results showed that there were 2 marketing channels in Margolembo Village, where channel I: farmers --- wholesalers --- cocoa management companies and channel II: farmers --- collecting traders --- wholesalers --- cocoa management companies. Marketing functions carried out by cocoa bean marketing institutions include exchange functions, physical functions and facility functions. The biggest margin, cost and profit value is in channel II, which is Rp 4,000. Based on the marketing efficiency analysis obtained, the two marketing channels in Margolembo Village are efficient and channel I is the most efficient marketing channel with a value of 4.4% and marketing channel II with an efficiency value of 6.9%. The conclusion of this research is that marketing channel I's marketing margin is Rp 1,000/kg and in marketing channel II is Rp 4,000/kg.
DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY: AN EVIDENCE FROM SMALL FARMER IN SWAMP AGROECOSYSTEMS IN CIAMIS, INDONESIA
Authors: Yusuf Muhamad Nurdin
Published: October 2024

Swamp agroecosystems are sub-optimal lands with distinctive characteristics, namely low fertility, and can only be planted once a year during the dry season. Small farmers whose primary income comes from the agricultural sector are becoming increasingly difficult due to climate-changing changes that can intimidate their household food security. This research aimed to analyze the factors that affect the food security of small farmer households in the swamp agroecosystem. The method used a survey of 247 farmers who run rice farming in swamp agroecosystems in the Ciamis Indonesia, which were determined randomly from a population of 648 farmers using the Slovin formula at an error rate of 5%. The research was analyzed by SEM (Structural Equation Models). The result showed that the factors impacting the food security of small farmer households in swamp agroecosystems came from farmer characteristics, income structure, and farm risk. Based on this, the development of small agro-industry in rural areas must be carried out to create household food security.
INCOME ANALYSIS OF MAIZE FARMERS ON RUBBER PLANTATION HIATEN LAND UTILIZATION SUNGEI PUTIH RESEARCH UNIT
Authors: Ginting Trydha Yanti , Mastuti Rini , Supristiwendi Supristiwendi , Bulkaini Bulkaini
Published: October 2024

Sungei Putih Research Unit is an area located in Galang District, Deliserdang Regency which has a rubber plantation sector. The vacant land found in rubber plantations in this area is used by the community, one of which is to grow corn. The purpose of this research is to increase the income of corn farmers through the use of land between rubber plantations in Sungei Putih Research Unit and to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of corn farming by utilizing land using the R/C Ratio and ROI. This research was conducted at Sungei Putih Research Unit, Galang District, Deli Serdang Regency using the Saturated Sampling method to select 9 farmers who intercropped rubber with corn as research samples. To find out whether the business is profitable or not, production costs and income are calculated and then analyzed using the R/C Ratio and ROI, and the income contribution is calculated. The results showed that the R/C ratio was 2.36 > 1, which means that every production cost of Rp. 1,000 will generate income of Rp. 2,360 for farmers so that corn farming on rubber plantations between Sungei Putih Research Unit is profitable. The ROI value of 36.66% indicates that farming has a profitable profit rate, and a revenue contribution of 69.39% indicates that corn farming on rubber plantation land makes a good contribution to the total income of farmers. To increase the maximum income, it is recommended that farmers take good care of their corn plants so that they are free from pests and diseases.
FACTORS INFLUENCING WORKING MOTIVATION OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AGENTS IN CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE
Authors: Warsana Warsana , Sumekar Wulan , Luqman Yanuar
Published: October 2024

Productivity of rice in Pekalongan and Jepara regencies is the lowest in the Pantura region of Central Java province. One of the problems is that the number of extension workers is still insufficient and is not balanced with the area of agricultural areas in the district. The existence of agricultural instructors has a positive impact on farmer behavior, including knowledge, attitudes and skills. The more advanced farmers' behavior will have the impact of increasing the productivity of their farming This indicates that the program of one Agricultural Extension Agent for one village has not been fulfilled. This research was conducted to analyze education, experience, and workload toward work motivation in the field. Survey approach was used in this research. Sampling was done using a proportionate random sampling as a sampling technique for selecting respondents with total 122 agricultural extension agents in Pekalongan and Jepara regencies. Data sources using primary data and secondary data Multiple regression was used for data analysis. The results of the study show that education, work experience and workload had influence both simultaneously and partially toward work motivation of extension workers in Pekalongan City and Jepara. Good education and better experience with appropriate workload can increase motivation. It need approach to maintain a moderate workload to improve work motivation. Agricultural Extension Workers with high work motivation provide the best performance during extension activities. The conclusion of this research is that all hypotheses in this research are accepted and have a positive and significant influence. Extension workers are expected to be able to maintain their work so that the work motivation of Agricultural Extension workers is maintained.
UNCERTAINTY IN THE RICE SUPPLY CHAIN DURING PRE AND POST PANDEMIC - A CROSS CASE OF AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES IN INDONESIA
Authors: Rosyadi Rosyadi , Wijaya Adi
Published: October 2024

Even though the social order is starting to recover from the risk of Covid-19 transmission, but the performance of food security is still constrained in some countries, including Indonesia, where the majority of the population consumes rice. If the infection rate spikes again, it can hamper the supply chain for food commodities such as rice. From this paper, the research target focuses on the structure of the supply chain in rice under government supervision operated by a national company. In distribution capacity, domestic rice is a local type of superior quality to every interisland agricultural cooperative in Indonesia. Overall, this scientific paper calculates the multidimensional disruption in the rice supply chain from across the major islands in Indonesia During a normal situation and after a pandemic. A series of annual report data sourced from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) are tabulated using parametric regression. The research sample is framed in a combination of agricultural cooperatives in 6 objects in Indonesia based on 12 key variables. The time panel is divided into two compositions: 2017–2019 (pre–Covid) and 2020–2022 (post–Covid). The output of the study clarifies that there is a significant relationship between pre–Covid and post–Covid to the manufacturing industry, quality control, logistics, land infrastructure, and sales significantly. Then, there was a significant link between pre–Covid and post–Covid from paddy production to the manufacturing industry mediated by supply, logistics to agricultural cooperatives mediated by land and marine infrastructure, then agricultural cooperatives to consumers mediated by sales. In relation to this research, the participation of stakeholders is suggested to adopt schemes and controls that are integrated with the transition of the rice supply chain.
POVERTY LEVEL OF TOBACCO PRODUCER HOUSEHOLDS IN EASTERN JAVA PROVINCE (CASE STUDY OF TOBACCO FARMERS IN SITUBONDO REGENCY)
Authors: Atasa Dita , Laily Dona Wahyuning , Roidah Ida Syamsu , Rizkiyah Noor , Rozchi Fatchur
Published: October 2024

In this study using Farmer Income Survey (SPP) data, in the 2022 agricultural research survey, it was proposed to identify the impact of individuals on poverty levels in tobacco farming households in Situbondo Regency. The data sample used is 200 farmers who work in the agricultural sector of tobacco farming. Based on the results of descriptive analysis, it was concluded that the category of the age group was less than 25 years, with a minimum of elementary school education, the number of household members less than 4 people and the head of the household the number of poor people was higher in farmers who were more than 25 years old, had elementary school education, had more of 4 household members, and has a female head of household. Households (KRT) who are female have a greater number of poor groups than those who are not poor. Based on binary logistic regression analysis showed that age, education, number of household members, employment status, and gender of the head of the household had a statistically significant effect on the poverty status of tobacco farmers in the tobacco farming sector in Situbondo Regency. Farmers in tobacco farming who are between 45 and 64 years old, well educated, have few household members, are self-employed and have a male head of household tend to be less poor.
APPLICATION OF ORGANIC CULTIVATION TO MAINTAIN THE HARMONY OF NATURE AND FOOD SAFETY
Authors: Laela Fadhilatul , Judhaswati Ratna Dewi
Published: October 2024

Modernization has an impact on increasing public literacy about the importance of food products that are safer for health. In addition, the society has also been aware of the dangers of pesticides and other chemical products used in agricultural businesses that can pollute the environment and disturb the balance of nature. Writing this review aims to describe the positive impact of organic farming on natural balance and food security and to formulate policy recommendations that can be made to expand the range of application of organic farming methods. From the various journals that have been reviewed, the results show that organic farming requires lower inputs and energy than conventional farming. In addition, the diversity of organisms in organic cultivation systems is also more abundant, so that the impact will be more positive for maintaining the balance of nature. The application of organic cultivation systems has also been proven to produce food products that are safer for consumption and more economically profitable for farmers. Therefore, efforts to implement an organic crop cultivation system are important to be carried out with the support of all component of society.
TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF SHALLOT PRODUCTION IN PRODUCTION CENTERS IN JAVA AND OUTSIDE JAVA
Authors: Lailandra Andjani , Kusnadi Nunung , Harmini Harmini
Published: October 2024

To increase shallot production in Indonesia is faced with the issue of the dichotomy between Java and outside Java. Data shows that more than 70% of shallot harvested area is on Java, even though it is only 17% of Indonesia's total agricultural area.  This research aims to identify factors that determine shallot production and measure the technical efficiency of shallot production and its determining factors. We used survey data from the Central Bureau of Statistics in 2014, which consisted of 2,860 input-output units of shallot production on Java and 940 outside Java. Using the stochastic frontier production function, it is found that production factors of land, labor, seeds, fertilizers and pesticides significantly determine shallot production in Java and outside Java. The marginal productivity of land, labor, seeds, fertilizers and pesticides in Java is higher than outside Java. The average technical efficiency score of production outside Java is higher than in Java. However, land productivity outside Java is lower than in Java. These findings indicate that the majority of shallot farming outside Java is already at its production frontier, whereas in Java only a small portion has reached its production frontier. Technical efficiency of production is determined by season and type of land, as well as farmers' membership in farmer groups, partnerships, and cooperatives. This conclusion implies that increasing shallot production outside Java requires new technology that can increase marginal input productivity. Technology to be developed is the use of true shallot seeds, accompanied by irrigation and agricultural institutions.
PROFITABILITY AND COMPETITIVENESS OF CORN FARMING IN GOWA REGENCY, SOUTH SULAWESI PROVINCE, INDONESIA
Authors: Natsir Mohammad , Mardiyati Sri
Published: October 2024

Corn is a multifunctional crop that is useful for food, feed, fertilizer, and biofuel. The increasing demand for corn commodities requires an increase in profitability and competitiveness, so that corn farming will be sustainable. The purpose of this research was to examine the profitability and competitiveness of corn farming in Bontonompo District, Gowa Regency. The survey method was employed in this investigation. Data collection methods include observation and interviews. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, namely deliberately selecting farmers who were trying to plant corn in paddy fields in the second planting season (MT2), and farmers who were active in farmer group activities, so that a sample of 45 respondents was obtained. There are two types of research data: primary data and secondary data. Profitability analysis and PAM (Policy Analysis Matrix) are two data analysis methodologies. According to the findings of this study, the private profit or financial profit of corn farming in Bontonompo District, Gowa Regency, is Rp 7,731,314.10 per hectare, while the social profit or economic profit is Rp 8,924,460.07 per hectare. Corn farming has a financial feasibility ratio of 2,531, whereas it has an economic feasibility ratio of 2,453. Corn growing in Gowa Regency has a reasonably high level of competitiveness, as evidenced by a private cost ratio (PCR) of 0.333 and a domestic resource cost ratio (DRCR) of 0.293.
DAM DEVELOPMENT AND FOOD SECURITY OF DIRECTLY AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS: A CASE STUDY IN JATIGEDE DAM, SUMEDANG, WEST JAVA
Authors: Suwartapradja Opan Suhendi , Iskandar Budiawati Supangkat , Mulyanto Dede , Iskandar Johan
Published: October 2024

The Jatigede Dam construction project has caused many residents in the inundation area of the Jatigede reservoir to move to new areas. The affected households by the Jatigede Dam in new places must adapt to obtain sources of income for food and other necessities. This research aims to elucidate the agroecosystem production, off-farm jobs, and food adequacy and food security of the affected people of Jatigede Dam in Jatimekar Hamlet, Jemah Village. The research method used was a combination of qualitative and quantitative. The results revealed that the affected households of the Jatigede Dam Development Project who live in Jatimekar Hamlet, Jemaah Village, have less agricultural land ownership such as rice fields, mixed gardens and home gardens than before the Jatigede Dam existed. Consequently, some of the affected households of Jatigede Dam, they are also involved in various off-farm jobs. Based on food security, it shows that the affected people of Jatigede Dam in Jatimekar Hamlet, Jemah Village are in a vulnerable condition, due to low family income, and farming also faces various problems, such as water scarcity in the dry season and agricultural inputs, such as inorganic fertilizers, pesticides, and plant seeds have high price.
THE EFFECT OF OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES (EFB) COMPOST AND N, P, K FERTILIZERS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF LOWLAND RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Ardian Ardian , Hariani D. Z. , Pramana A. , Idwar Idwar
Published: October 2024

The use of chemical fertilizers can cause environmental problems. A compost of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) is one alternative to reducing chemical fertilizers used for rice (Oryza sativa L.). This research to determine the effect and obtain the best dose of OPEFB compost and N, P, K fertilizers in lowland rice Batang Piaman Variety was conducted in Padang Mutung Village, Kampar, for six months using a factorial completely randomized design (CRD). The first factor was three levels of OPEFB (0 t.ha-1, five t.ha-1, ten t.ha-1), and the second factor was four levels of fertilizer N, P and K (0-0-0 kg.ha-1, 125-75-25 kg.ha-1, 150-100-50 kg.ha-1, and  175-125-75 kg.ha-1 of Urea-TSP-KCl). The ANOVA results showed that the combination of various doses of EFB compost and N, P, and K fertilizers did not significantly affect plant height, the number of tillers, the number of productive tillers, heading days, the weight of 1,000 grains, and the harvest index. The combination of giving EFB compost at a dose of 10 t.ha-1 and Urea fertilizer 175 kg.ha-1 TSP 125 kg.ha-1increased the percentage of pithy grain to 93.91%, and the weight of dry milled grain is 2,023.3 g.4m-2.
Koncept spirituality v pedagogice: Přehledová studie
Authors: Klokočka Jan
Published: October 2024

The study provides an overview and systematization of key theoretical approaches to the phenomenon of spirituality since second half of the 20th century and shows their implications for contemporary pedagogical research and discourse. For this purpose, the different approaches are differentiated based on their disciplinary origin. These are approaches rooted in 1) the psychology of religion and spirituality, focusing on the relationship between spirituality and human experience, thought, and behaviour; 2) the philosophy and theory of education, discussing educational goals, forms and methods; and 3) the “science of well-being,” which combines the perspective of subjective experience and standardized indicators of human flourishing. The study highlights the key ideas and concepts of each approach, opening the discussion on the possible direction of pedagogical research in this area.
Multiplication and evaluation of promising jackfruit genotypes
Authors: R. Jayavalli  , K. Kumanan  , S. Sheeba Joyce Roseleen
Published: October 2024

The results of the study conducted on Multiplication and Evaluation of Identified Elite Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.)" genotypes from 2020-2022. The genotypes viz., KDM-Ah-8, KDM-Ah-10, and KDM-Ah- 46 were grafted through softwood and inarch grafting. The success percentage varied from softwood grafting to approach grafting. Among the grafting techniques, softwood grafting recorded the highest success of 40 percent in the genotype KDM-AhJ-08. Meanwhile, 90 percent success was recorded in the genotype KDM-AhJ-08 under approach grafting. Three identified elite jackfruit genotypes, KDM-AhJ-08, KDM-AhJ-10, and KDM-AhJ-46, were planted along with check varieties viz., PLR1, PLR2, red-fleshed jackfruit Siddu and Shankara. The highest tree height of 2.40 m was recorded in the genotype KDM -AhJ-8, and the lowest plant height of 1.70 m was recorded in the genotype Shankara red flesh. The highest stem girth of 32 cm was recorded in the genotype KDM-AhJ-08, and the lowest stem girth of 20.00 cm was recorded in the genotype Shankara red flesh. The highest plant circumference of 3.00 m was recorded in the genotype KDM-AhJ-08, and the least of (1.00 m) was recorded in the genotype Shankara red flesh. The highest number of primary branches of 6 was obtained in the genotype KDM-AhJ-08, and the lowest was obtained from the Siddu red flesh (3 Nos.). The highest number of secondary branches, 16, was recorded in the genotype KDM-AhJ-08, and the lowest number of 6 was obtained from the genotype Siddu red flesh. The genotype Shankara red flesh recorded the highest leaf length of 19 cm, and the lowest leaf length of 14 cm was recorded in the genotype KDM-AhJ-08. The highest leaf breadth of 10.10 cm was obtained from the varieties PLR1 and Shankara red flesh, and the lowest of 7.60 cm was recorded in the genotype Siddu red flesh.
Un frammento inedito di Zenone dagli scholia vetera alle Opere di Esiodo (= Plut. fragmentum novum?)
Authors: Fiori Simone
Published: October 2024

The scholia vetera on Works 734–735 are transmitted not only by the manuscript tradition of Hesiod, but also by an entry of the Etymologicum Genuinum. The latter, hitherto largely ignored, offers in several places a better text than the scholia of the Hesiod manuscripts. Particularly significant is the presence of an unpublished fragment of Zeno, who is said to have recommended not copulating while drunk. Analysis of parallels and material-historical specificities of the scholarly tradition relating to Hesiod reveals that this passage should be included (at least as a dubium) among the fragments of Plutarch’s lost commentary on Hesiod’s Works and Days. Quite surprisingly, it is likely that Proclus is not involved in the transmission of this fragment at all.
Osteoporosis in older men
Authors: Gerard Benjamin Dominic , Archana Maria
Published: October 2024

Osteoporosis, characterized by reduced bone mass and compromised skeletal microarchitecture, significantly increases the risk of fractures and is the most prevalent metabolic bone disease. While it is commonly associated with post-menopausal women, osteoporosis and subsequent fractures are also substantial concerns in men. Men experience sustained bone loss after the sixth decade, with estimates indicating that 20% of Americans with osteopenia or osteoporosis are men. Approximately one in eight men over 50 will suffer an osteoporotic fracture, with hip fractures in men leading to a two- to threefold increase in mortality compared to women. The prevalence of osteoporosis in men has risen, doubling in prevalence since the early 1990s. Men generally have higher peak bone mass and greater bone size, offering some protection against osteoporosis; however, aging leads to increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation, exacerbated by lower androgen and estrogen levels. Secondary causes, such as hypogonadism and chronic glucocorticoid use, are prevalent in men. Diagnosis primarily involves bone mineral density (BMD) measurements using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), with fracture risk assessment tools like FRAX and MORES aiding in clinical decisions. Treatment includes calcium and vitamin D supplementation, bisphosphonates, denosumab, and anabolic agents like teriparatide and abaloparatide. Special considerations are necessary for men undergoing androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer due to accelerated bone loss. Effective management requires early diagnosis, lifestyle modifications, and appropriate pharmacological interventions to reduce fracture risk and improve patient outcomes.
Effectiveness of Computer Application in Improving Reading Skills in Chinese Language and Towards Post-Attitudes as Home-based Learning
Authors: Chee Ken Nee
Published: October 2024

Background: As technology continues to advance, language acquisition methodologies have increasingly been integrated into computer-assisted language learning (CALL) systems. In the context of Chinese language acquisition, characters are structured in three phases: the overall character, its components, and its strokes. Proficiency in identifying and distinguishing individual characters hinges upon understanding their structural composition.
Objective: This study aims to explore the impact of a computer application on Chinese language reading skills and students' perceptions regarding the utilization of computer applications for home-based learning.
Method: A total of 60 students engaged in home-based learning using a designated computer application were involved in the study. Employing a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design, the study assessed the effects of the intervention.
Results and Conclusion: Following one month of home-based learning through computer applications, participants exhibited higher gain scores in reading skill tests, albeit the differences were not statistically significant. Students expressed a preference for and perceived greater ease in acquiring reading skills through computer applications compared to traditional methods. Furthermore, the integration of computer applications in teaching and learning processes demonstrated the potential to enhance students' motivation, interest, and confidence in language acquisition, albeit without a notable impact on attention levels. The study underscores the pedagogical promise of Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) and advocates for further research endeavors in this domain.
Лексическая вариативность в руськомовных переводах Żywotów Świętych Петра Скарги: житие свт. Афанасия Великого
Authors: Сапожникова Галина
Published: October 2024

In order to clarify the textual history of manuscript copies of the Ruthenian Life of St Athanasius of Alexandria, translated from Piotr Skarga’s Żywoty Świętych, the article analyses the variety of the most frequent lexemes of the Life using methods of textual criticism. Variants of the seven considered lexemes of each of the 13 manuscript copies of the Life, grouped in tables, show the direction of lexical changes, as well as the interaction between manuscript copies of two different translations of the same Polish original. It is shown that the vocabulary of the manuscript copies Sof. 278, Sof. 279, KPL 370, KPL 371, CAM KDA 674 of the second more widespread translation must have been slightly edited according to the manuscript copy of NTŠ 322 (or a similar textual type) of the first translation. The manuscript copies EPARCH. 460, BN 15628 of the second translation contain traises of secondary interaction with a different type of texts. The data also shows the editing of lexems of the archetype Šept. 31, NTŠ 322 according to the manuscript copie of other translation. The results of the study of lexical variability complement and agree with the results of the analysis of the conflate readings and alternative textual variants found in the manuscript copies of St Athanasius' Life, according to which additional variants of the text were used in a number of manuscript copies of the Life during the rewriting of the antigraph.
Etymology, History and Development of the Semantics of Food Names in Ukrainian Chronicles of the End of the 17th and the Beginning of the 18th Century
Authors: Kryzhko Olena
Published: October 2024

The article examines the etymology, history and semantic development of food names found in late 17th- and early 18th-century Ukrainian chronicles, including those by Samovydetsia, S. Velichko, and H. Hrabianka. Taking a synchronic-diachronic approach, the author analyzes these food nominations within the lexical-semantic domains of generic food names and dish names, establishing semantic relationships such as polysemy, synonymy and variation. This analysis traces the evolution of the Ukrainian language’s lexical composition and reveals its nationally distinct characteristics. By following these food nominations from their earliest written attestations through the period depicted in the chronicles, the study clearly illustrates the semantic development of the given food terminology. The author notes that words of Proto-Slavic origin comprise a significant portion of the food terminology used in late 17th- and early 18th-century Ukrainian chronicles. Borrowings from various languages are also used, including Polish, Old Slavic, Turkic, Russian, and German (occasionally by way of Polish), as well as Italian via German. The presence of these loanwords is explained by key historical events in Ukraine across different periods that shaped the development of the language. Taken together, the linguistic evidence across these chronicles illustrates the codification of a fledgling Ukrainian literary tradition firmly rooted in popular verbal traditions.
The Artificial Intelligence-related Superordinate Concepts and Terminological Variation in the English and Ukrainian Languages
Authors: Mikelionienė Jurgita , Ponomarevskyi Artemii
Published: October 2024

This research is aimed at analyzing the artificial intelligence-related superordinate concepts in the English and Ukrainian languages and explaining the relevance of using terminological variations from the field of artificial intelligence (AI) in a particular context on the example of translation from English (EN) into Ukrainian (UK). The essence of terminological variation as a linguistic phenomenon and possible reasons for its emergence are described. Terminological variants in the newly established field of artificial intelligence appear either in both EN and UK, or in one of those due to a specific understanding of objects and ideas in a particular language. The main concepts in EN and UK, which may include both terms and variants, in the field of AI are identified. On the example of building a basic concept model with the respect to the core concept of AI, the differences in understanding similar concepts in the EN and UK are explained.  Considering these differences, the contextually motivated ways of using the artificial intelligence-related terms or terminological variants in the examples of translation from EN into UK are provided.
Study of the influence of natural and artificial passivation on the corrosion rate of magnesium alloy for surgical implants
Authors:   National University ", Greshta V.L. ,   Zaporizhzhia Polytechnic",   , Zaporizhia, Ukraine
Published: October 2024

Magnesium-based alloys are widely used materials for surgical implants. Considerable efforts of researchers are applied to the development of new magnesium alloys and methods of their surface treatment in order to protect against biocorrosion or to regulate its speed. The idea of the work is to determine the potential of known magnesium alloys as materials for the production of implants. Industrial magnesium based alloys were analyzed from the point of view of suitability for use for surgical biodissolvable implants. It is shown that the ML10 alloy is the most suitable as it does not contain toxic components, namely aluminum, nickel and cadmium. Samples for corrosion tests were made from a billet of ML10 alloy after processing by plastic deformation by pressing through a calibrated die at a temperature of 375 ± 20 °С. Together with the ML10 alloy, comparative studies of the ML5 alloy were conducted. Corrosion tests of ML5 and ML10 alloys without a coating, as well as of the ML10 alloy with a coating applied by the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) method for 30 seconds, were carried out using the volumetric method. The samples were kept in a 3% NaCl solution at a temperature of 38 ± 2 °C. The corrosion rate of the ML5 alloy was at a constant level during the experiment. No significant ability of the ML5 alloy to self-passivate was found. The ML10 alloy turned out to be capable of significant self-passivation under the influence of a corrosive environment. During the experiment, the corrosion rate of the ML10 alloy sample decreased approximately ten times. It was also established that the corrosion rate of ML10 alloy samples with MAO coating was approximately three times lower than that of samples of the same alloy without coating. Preliminary information was obtained on the reduction of the corrosion rate of the ML10 alloy after plastic deformation. Further research can be aimed at confirming this phenomenon, determining its causes, as well as establishing quantitative indicators of the influence of the degree of plastic deformation on the corrosion rate of the ML10 alloy. Keywords: surgical implants, magnesium alloys, corrosion, self-passivation, coating.
ESTUDO NACIONAL SOBRE INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO E PERMANÊNCIA DE CONCLUINTES DA GRADUAÇÃO NO BRASIL (LASA – 2013
Authors: Costa Morosini Marilia
Published: October 2024

O Brasil é marcado por baixos índices na educação superior. É consenso que a educação é o mote do desenvolvimento econômico social, em especial essa. Com a fortificação da Sociedade do Conhecimento, espraia-se além da expansão das taxas de educação superior a necessidade da internacionalização de formação de pessoas com perfis profissionais adequados a diferentes exigências sociais.
QUESTÕES DE GESTÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR EM CONTEXTOS EMERGENTES: REVISITANDO ESTRATÉGIAS PARA GARANTIA DA QUALIDADE (FORGES – 2018)
Authors: Estela Dal Franco Maria Estela Dal Franco , de Lourdes Lauxen Sirlei
Published: October 2024

As mudanças que ocorrem no contexto social, político, profissional e ambiental, no âmbito nacional e internacional, interferem, de algum modo, na educação superior (ES) brasileira e imputam desafios que requerem não só o esforço intelectivo para as identificar, mas também precisam da geração de ações intencionais e planejadas, tendo em mira a qualidade da educação superior, a sua garantia, a viabilidade de execução e a adaptabilidade adequada entre os polos da manutenção e da mudança.
Social Construction of All-Russian Identity in the North Caucasus: Status and Prospects
Authors: Gritsenko Galina D.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The relevance of the issues under study, which is due to the need to strengthen the all-Russian identity in the multi-ethnic North Caucasian community in the context of a sharp aggravation of geopolitical contradictions. The purpose of the article is formulated – on the basis of empirical material, to determine the specifics of the manifestation of macrosocial identity in the life of the population of the North Caucasus Federal District and to identify opportunities for further construction of an all-Russian identity in the North Caucasus region.
Materials and methods. The section identifies the sources of the empirical base of all subjects of the Russian Federation that form the North Caucasus Federal District, the main of which are regional regulatory legal acts, scientific articles in journals that are freely available in the RSCI, and expert opinion obtained during an expert survey. The use of methodical triangulation (content analysis, discourse analysis and semi-structured expert interviews) made it possible to highlight different aspects of the process of forming a macrosocial identity, making the research picture more voluminous and complete. The heuristic value of the results obtained through this triangulation was manifested in clarifying the structure of the macrosocial identity of the North Caucasian society and fixing the priority of ethnic and partially religious identities.
Results. It is substantiated that for studying the problems of constructing an all-Russian identity in the subjects of the federation that are part of the North Caucasus Federal District, the most optimal is the analytical model of identity proposed by M.V. Nazukina and includes three main levels of identity policy implementation on a regional scale: normative, narrative-mythological and symbolic. The current stage of the formation of macrosocial identity in the North Caucasus is characterized at all three levels by a certain priority of ethnic identity, which is enhanced by confessional identity.
Discussion and Сonclusion. Based on the results of scientific analysis, it was concluded that a relative balance has developed in the North Caucasus between the all-Russian and ethnic components of macrosocial identity with a partial predominance of ethno-confessional. Analytical material may be of interest to scientific teams studying the problems of humanitarian security in the North Caucasus; structures interested in strengthening ethnopolitical unity in the region on the basis of all-Russian values. The main results and conclusions of the work can be useful for the media, various cultural and educational institutions in organizing and conducting educational work among the popu lation of the region, including youth.
Spatial Estimation of Regional Economic Growth Heterogeneity During 2014‒2021
Authors: Doroshenko Svetlana V. , Vasilyeva Rogneda I.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The aggravation of socio-economic heterogeneity among Russian regions is one of the main challenges for sustainable development of the country. The main task of spatial policy is to ensure advanced rates of development of geostrategic and lagging behind territories as well as increasing competitiveness of regional economies. However, the events of the past decade substantially adjusted plans on regional economic growth enhancement. The aim of the study is to estimate spatial economic growth heterogeneity and interdependence of bordering entities of Russia over 2013‒2021.
Materials and Methods. The main research method is Moran’s methodology for assessing local and global indices characterizing the inter-regional relation and A. Anselin’s approach for local indices of spatial autocorrelation and spatial clusters identification. The research uses regional data on real GRP per capita growth rates for 85 Russian regions for five annual intervals.
Results. The results confirmed that geopolitical tensions significantly enhance the regional economic growth heterogeneity. The most developed regions, including main hydrocarbon producers, are found being most exposed to external economic shocks, which reduced their spatial interrelation. Southern and eastern regions demonstrated an upward growth trend. The COVID-19 pandemic shaped the appearance of western and eastern clusters. Regional economies demonstrated the decreasing heterogeneity through enhancing the economic growth rates in the post-crises period. Coincidently, we document that economic development of the regions influences the growth in bordering entities.
Discussion and Conclusion. The research allows defining three stages of regional economic growth rates heterogeneity during 2013‒2021. The derived conclusions are recommended for actualizing state policy in reducing regional heterogeneity and strengthening the national economic space.
Risks of “Social Legitimacy” of Corruption under Sanctions: Assessment of the Sentiments of the Regional Business Community
Authors: Chevtaeva Natalia G. , Vatoropin Alexander S. , Gushchin Oleg V. , Vatoropin Sergey A.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. In the context of a large-scale sanctions regime, the intensification of anti-corruption work requires special attention among a number of adjustment measures related to structural changes in the economy and changes in supply logistics. Sanctions become a trigger for the emergence of new corrupt practices. The purpose of this article: using sociological analysis methods, to identify the “social legitimacy” (admissibility, acceptability) of corrupt behavior in the business community as a risk factor for the growth of corruption in unfavorable conditions of sanctions pressure.
Materials and Methods. The article is based on the results of a sociological study conducted by the authors using a questionnaire survey to assess the level of business corruption in 2021 pre-sanction and in 2022‒2023 sanction years for the Russian economy among the business community of the Sverdlovsk region (n = 500 annually). In order to compare regional trends with all-Russian ones, the results of sociological studies were used: “Business Barometer of Corruption in Russia” and “Consequences of the introduction of sanctions for Russian business.”
Results. Risks to the social legitimacy of corruption under sanctions have been identified: against the general background of a negative assessment of corruption by the business community, there has been an increase in the number of supporters of the position that corruption can help solve pressing business problems, as well as those who are neutral towards corrupt business practices; an increase in the desire of the business community to justify the use of corrupt behavior patterns with the usual “that’s the way it is in Russia” has been revealed. Another risk is the dissonance between values and behavior: “In general, corruption is bad, but in a crisis situation, in my daily practice, I can, even must, use corrupt schemes”.
Discussion and Conclusion. The life position of the business community, in which corruption is accepted as an inevitable norm of social interaction, turns out to be a barrier to anti-corruption work. The need to intensify sociological research to study the culture of everyday life in the Russian business community has been recorded. The results obtained can be used by government agencies, the chamber of commerce and industry; the union of small and medium-sized businesses, representatives of the business community to intensify anti-corruption work.
Levels of Social Participation among Silver-Age Citizens and Factors of its Activation in the Region of Russia (Case of the Sverdlovsk Region)
Authors: Pevnaya Maria V. , Shuklina Elena A. , Kienko Tatiana S.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The quality of life of silver-age people is associated not only with psychological, economic and physical well-being, but also with the peculiarities of interpersonal relations and the diversity of their social activity. The widespread ideology of active or “delayed aging” actualizes the study of the nature of inclusion of elderly citizens in various practices of social participation that fill their daily lives. The aim of the study is to reveal the level characteristics of social participation of citizens of silver age in the Sverdlovsk Oblast and the factors that determine them.
Materials and Methods. The article analyses the data from the survey of residents of the Sverdlovsk Region over the age of 60, the sample is structured by gender, age, and place of residence of the respondents (type of settlement). The authors’ survey method was used to determine the nature and frequency, level and type of social participation of the Urals elderly, to identify factors that contribute to or impede activity in old age.
Results. The study showed that socio-consumer participation characterized by activities “for oneself” and collective participation aimed at social integration “together with others” constitute the main content of social participation of the studied cohort. The participation of the elderly in the practices aimed at helping and caring (“for others”) is significantly lower, and a radical decrease in the activity of the elderly Urals residents is revealed when they switch to “civic participation”. It has been proved that the intensity of social participation of silver-age citizens living in cities is higher than in rural areas. The only exception is participation in civic activities. The same influence on the intensity of the different practices of social participation at all levels is exerted by the status of residence (independent or in a residential institution), the presence of close relatives and the frequency of Internet use.
Discussion and Conclusion. The identification of the levels and factors of social participation of older citizens creates an evidence base on the processes of active aging in a typical Russian region. The results of the study demonstrate the relevance of focusing regional social policy on aging and the non-profit sector on increasing the social participation of people and groups of the “silver” age. The article may be of interest to regional authorities, social protection and service institutions, the regional non-profit sector, offering tools for the development and implementation of effective social aging policies aimed at implementing resources and supporting the social participation of the older generation.
Nivel de conocimiento sobre Ddiabetes Mmellitus tipo 2 y adherencia al tratamiento en la población hondureña
Authors: Galeas Calleja Norma Isabel , Raudales Moncada Julio César , Carías Díaz Juan Pablo
Published: October 2024

Introducción: En Honduras, 495 011 personas fueron diagnosticadas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) durante el año 2015; este último registro existente indica una afectación de entre el  7,0 % y el 10,0 % de la población. La educación diabetológica es fundamental para el control adecuado de dicha enfermedad, por lo tanto, el propósito del estudio es describir el nivel de conocimiento sobre la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y la adherencia al tratamiento en pacientes que asistieron al Instituto Nacional del Diabético en los meses de enero y febrero del año 2023, en Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Metodología: Es un estudio de tipo transversal correlacional con un enfoque no experimental. De una población de 20 500 pacientes se obtuvo una muestra de 378 individuos para análisis. Los participantes fueron seleccionados por un método no aleatorizado, estos respondieron el cuestionario Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ 24) para la evaluación del nivel de conocimiento y, para el de apego al tratamiento, el test de Morisky-Green. Resultados: 266 (70,4 %) personas poseían un nivel de conocimiento intermedio sobre la enfermedad y 193 (51,1 %), quienes fueron mayoría, refirieron una adherencia inadecuada al tratamiento. Al analizar la relación entre ambas variables, estas poseen una significancia estadística de p 0,007. Conclusiones: Se deben reforzar los conocimientos sobre DMT2 entre los hondureños tomando en cuenta las áreas deficientes; así como profundizar en los factores que intervienen en la falta de adherencia al tratamiento.
A traditional medicinal food Arum rupicola (Kardeh) ameliorates thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity in animal model: Role of PCNA/Bax, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines
Authors: Al-Qaisi Talal Salem , A.J. Jabbar Ahmed , Ubeid Muhsin H. , Al-Qaaneh Ayman M. , Mothana Ramzi A. , Hawwal Mohammed F. , Hassan Rawaz Rizgar , Ameen Abdulla Mahmood , Ismael Saleh Musher , Abdul-Samad Ismail Parween , Hasson Sidgi
Published: October 2024

Nutraceuticals are major contributors to human health because of their modulatory effects on various physiological and pathological processes. Arum rupicola (Kardeh) is a traditional medicinal food used for many gastrointestinal and enzymatic disorders. The present study evaluates the acute toxicity and hepatoprotective effects of methanolic extracts of Arum rupicola (MEAR) in rat with thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver injury in rat. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: Group A, normal control, and group B, TAA control groups were treated orally with 10% tween 20; group C reference rat received daily of 50 mg/kg silymarin drug; Groups D and E rat received daily doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg MEAR, respectively. In addition, group B–E received three injections of 200 mg/kg TAA weekly for 60 days. The safety evaluation of MEAR revealed nontoxic effects at 2,000 and 5,000 mg/kg dosage in rat. TAA inoculation provoked significant hepatotoxic alterations indicated by increased hepatocyte proliferation, endothelial tissue injury, ambiguous nucleus, and elevated cytoplasmic vacuoles. TAA treatment initiated increased inflammatory response and necrosis process in different areas of hepatic tissues. Meanwhile, MEAR treatment showed significant prophylaxis against TAA-induced hepatotoxicity, supported by its suppressing actions on oxidative stress, and apoptotic and inflammatory mediators. MEAR treatment significantly down-regulated proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in both liver and spleen parenchymal tissues, lowered pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) proteins, reduced inflammatory and redox mediators, lowered transforming growth factor-beta tissue expression and malondialdehyde content, while, increased antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase). The outcomes provided significant hepatoprotective potential of MEAR mediated by its modulatory effects on several cellular pathways, making it a viable source of a potent pharmaceutical discovery.