bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Response of Cloud Precipitation Efficiency to Warming during a Rainstorm Corridor
Authors: Guo Qi , Chen Yixuan , Miao Xiongyi , Hao Yupei
Published: September 2024

Due to model errors caused by local variations in cloud precipitation processes, there are still significant uncertainties in current predictions and simulations of short-duration heavy rainfall. To tackle this problem, the effects of warming on cloud-precipitation efficiency was analyzed utilizing a weather research and forecasting (WRF) model. The analysis focused on a rainstorm corridor event that took place in July 2020. Rainstorm events from July 4 to 6 formed a narrow rain belt with precipitation exceeded 300 mm in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Temperature sensitivity tests revealed that warming intensified the potential temperature gradient between north and south, leading to stronger upward motion on the front. It also strengthened the southwest wind, which also resulting in more pronounced precipitation peaks. Warming led to a stronger accumulation and release of convective instability energy. Convective available potential energy (CAPE) and convective inhibition (CIN) increased correspondingly with the temperature. The precipitation efficiency increased sequentially with 2℃ warming to 27.4%, 31.2% and 33.1%. Warming can affect the cloud precipitation efficiency by both promoting and suppressing convective activity, which may be one of the reasons for the enhancement of extreme precipitation under global warming. The diagnostic relationship between upward moisture flux and lower atmospheric stability during precipitation evolution was also revealed.
Storied Rocks: Portals to Other Dimensions
Authors: Stoffle Richard , Van Vlack Kathleen , Bell Alannah , Eguino Uribe Bianca
Published: September 2024

Storied Rocks (Tumpituxwinap) is a term of reference used by the Numic Speaking tribal elders whom we have worked with for over 60 years on an estimated 200 ethnographic studies. Key in this analysis are the protocols for approaching, interacting, and using the places where Storied Rocks have been located. Concomitant with these traditional protocols are ones established to resolve the curiosity of non-Natives about why they are in a particular place and what they mean. This analysis shares the cultural understandings of Tribal representatives who participated in these ethnographic studies. Studies used in the analysis were funded by U.S. federal agencies, supported by federally recognized Native American tribal governments, and composed with the cultural understandings shared and made public by tribally appointed elders to clarify the conundrums that are Storied Rocks.
Levels of Synovial Fluid Inflammatory Biomarkers on Day of Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy Predict Long-Term Outcomes and Conversion to TKA
Authors: Moore Michael R. , DeClouette Brittany , Wolfe Isabel , Kingery Matthew T. , Sandoval-Hernandez Carlos , Isber Ryan , Kirsch Thorsten , Strauss Eric J.
Published: September 2024

Background:

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationships of the concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in the knee synovial fluid at the time of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) to long-term patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and conversion to total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods:

A database of patients who underwent APM for isolated meniscal injury was analyzed. Synovial fluid had been aspirated from the operatively treated knee prior to the surgical incision, and concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers (RANTES, IL-6, MCP-1, MIP-1β, VEGF, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, IL-1RA, MMP-3, and bFGF) were quantified. Prior to surgery and again at the time of final follow-up, patients were asked to complete a survey that included a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and Lysholm, Tegner, and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Physical Function Short Form (KOOS-PS) questionnaires. Clustering analysis of the 10 biomarkers of interest was carried out with the k-means algorithm.

Results:

Of the 82 patients who met the inclusion criteria for the study, 59 had not undergone subsequent ipsilateral TKA or APM, and 43 (73%) of the 59 completed PRO questionnaires at long-term follow-up. The mean follow-up time was 10.6 ± 1.3 years (range, 8.7 to 12.4 years). Higher concentrations of individual pro-inflammatory biomarkers including MCP-1 (β = 13.672, p = 0.017) and MIP-1β (β = −0.385, p = 0.012) were associated with worse VAS pain and Tegner scores, respectively. K-means clustering analysis separated the cohort of 82 patients into 2 groups, one with exclusively higher levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers than the second group. The “pro-inflammatory phenotype” cohort had a significantly higher VAS pain score (p = 0.024) and significantly lower Lysholm (p = 0.022), KOOS-PS (p = 0.047), and Tegner (p = 0.009) scores at the time of final follow-up compared with the “anti-inflammatory phenotype” cohort. The rate of conversion to TKA was higher in the pro-inflammatory cohort (29.4% versus 12.2%, p = 0.064). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the pro-inflammatory phenotype was significantly correlated with conversion to TKA (odds ratio = 7.220, 95% confidence interval = 1.028 to 50.720, p = 0.047).

Conclusions:

The concentrations of synovial fluid biomarkers on the day of APM can be used to cluster patients into pro- and anti-inflammatory cohorts that are predictive of PROs and conversion to TKA at long-term follow-up.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Iniciativas de innovación de los prestadores de servicios turísticos del Valle del Cauca (Colombia) ante las amenazas de la pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: MORA FORERO JORGE ALEXANDER , HUERFANO RIAÑO JAVIER RICARDO
Published: September 2024

Este articulo plantea que en el mes de marzo del año 2020 de manera oficial se declaró el estado de emergencia sanitaria por causa de la llegada del virus SARS COV-2 al territorio colombiano derivada de la enfermedad denominada COVID-19. Esta situación afectó directamente a los prestadores de servicios turísticos del departamento del Valle del Cauca, quienes vieron amenazada la estabilidad de sus empresas. Esta investigación, realizada a lo largo del año 2022, tiene como objetivo describir las principales amenazas a su estabilidad e identificar respuestas innovadoras ante la pandemia de COVID-19. Se desarrolla esta investigación siguiendo una metodología de investigación mixta, donde mediante una encuesta se logró obtener datos cuantitativos sobre los principales obstáculos que amenazaron la estabilidad de los prestadores de servicios turísticos. Asimismo, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas para identificar las innovaciones con las que se dio respuesta a la crisis. Finalmente, los resultados arrojados por ambos instrumentos permitieron analizar los obstáculos que constituyeron las amenazas y las innovaciones efectuadas por los prestadores de servicios turísticos.
Palabras clave: Turismo, Pandemia, Innovación científica, Cambio tecnológico, Legislación, Empresario.
Sostenibilidad y Destinos Turísticos Inteligentes: un análisis bibliométrico.
Authors: RAMÍREZ CRUZ AMANDA KATHERIN , AGUILERA AVILA LIANET , ESCALONA MIRANDA ALEXANDER
Published: September 2024

El turismo como sector económico depende en gran medida de los recursos territoriales que brindan los destinos; de ahí que se apueste por el desarrollo de productos turísticos más sostenibles. Mientras tanto,  los Destinos Turístico Inteligentes se vienen a posicionar como nuevos modelos de gestión para hacer frente a los avances tecnológicos y a un cliente cada vez más “digital”. El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar la producción científica sobre Sostenibilidad Turística y Destinos Turísticos Inteligentes indexada en la base de datos Scopus e identificar tendencias, brechas y futuras líneas de investigación. Para ello se ha empleado el método de estudio bibliométrico y los softwares Biblioshiny® y VOSviewer®, obteniéndose finalmente un total de 71 investigaciones, de las cuales 42 han sido artículos de revisión que analizan indicadores de productividad por año, autores, países, revistas y palabras claves. Como resultado se ha podido constatar un aumento progresivo del número de investigaciones ciertamente importante en la última década, si bien con una alta dispersión temática y geográfica en la producción científica. Como conclusiones se exponen las aplicaciones teóricas y de gestión de los resultados obtenidos.
Palabras clave: destinos turísticos inteligentes; estudio bibliométrico; Scopus; sostenibilidad
Pollinator garden playbook : supporting the western North American population of Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) and the endangered Smith’s blue butterfly (Euphilotes enoptes smithi) on military landsOak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
Authors: Schad Aaron , Beane Nathan , DaSilva Sierra
Published: September 2024

The US Army Engineer Research and Development Center–Environmental Lab (ERDC-EL) researchers assisted the US Army Garrison Presidio of Monterey in 2021 to assess the feasibility of pollinator gardens at select locations in Monterey, California. The proposed pollinator gardens were to be designed to support the western population of the North American monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus), the federally endangered Smith’s blue butterfly (Euphilotes enoptes smithi), and other pollinators found in the Monterey area. This technical report documents planning and design considerations for these pollinator gardens situated on the grounds of the Presidio of Monterey (POM) and the Ord Military Community (OMC). Site preparations, recommended plant species, garden designs, installation methods, and invasive species management are discussed. The contents herein can be used as a general playbook for similar pollinator habitat improvement projects on military lands.
Assessment of flood vulnerability in a coastal metropolitan city for sustainable environmental using Machine Learning methods
Authors: V Nivedita , S Sabarunisha Begum , U Sakthi , V Sellam , C Navaneethan , Sikkandar Mohamed Yacin , T Jayasankar , S Vivek
Published: September 2024

Floods are very destructive natural catastrophes that significantly harm people, the environment, and structures. Due to their dynamic nature, flash flood-prone locations are difficult to predict. We used cutting-edge machine learning algorithms for early flash flood detection to overcome this. To evaluate flood vulnerability in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, we employed and evaluated two combined ensemble models: the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Random Forest (RF). To put these models into practice, we built a GIS framework out of 280 historical flooding sites and twelve flood-related parameters. Using information gain ratio and multicollinearity diagnostic tests, we evaluated the association between flood occurrences and pertinent factors. Statistical criteria like "Freidman" were used to compare the prediction abilities of ANN and RF models. Both ANN and RF models performed better than expected when simulating flood susceptibility. In order to reduce flood-related hazards and create efficient mitigation plans, state and local authorities, as well as policymakers, will benefit from the study's findings and methodology. Flood susceptibility percentages were 18% very low, 16% low, 13% moderate, 22% high, and 31% extremely very high, according to the research of ANN. While this was going on, RF revealed that the likelihood of flooding was 7% very low, 11% low, 34% moderate, 31% high, and 18% extremely very high. Maintaining a strong drainage system, using regulated building techniques in sensitive regions, setting up early warning systems, creating resilient infrastructure, and educating people are all necessary to reduce floods in Chennai. For resource allocation, disaster response, and readiness exercises, effective coordination between government agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and local populations is essential. Chennai's resistance to floods depends on a multi-pronged approach that includes infrastructure improvement, pro-active planning, and public awareness.
Application of indocyanine green–human serum albumin complex in fluorescence image-guided laparoscopic anatomical liver resection: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xie QingYun , Gao Fengwei , Ran Xiaoyun , Zhao Xin , Yang Manyu , Jiang Kangyi , Mao Tianyang , Yang Jiayin , Li Kun , Wu Hong
Published: September 2024

Background
Indocyanine green (ICG) is a near-infrared fluorescent dye widely used for intraoperative navigation during liver surgeries because of its non-radioactive nature, high safety, and minimal impact on liver function. However, variability in its dosage and concentration and its low imaging success rates have limited its widespread application. To address these issues, we developed a novel ICG–human serum albumin (ICG-HSA) complex to enhance fluorescence visualization during laparoscopic anatomical liver resection.
Methods
This prospective, double-blind, single-center, randomized controlled trial will compare the fluorescence navigation effects of the novel ICG-HSA complex with the guideline-recommended ICG administration scheme. The study will involve patients aged 18 to 75 years with malignant liver tumors. The participants will undergo evaluations at specified time points, and data will be collected using an internet-based electronic data capture system. The primary outcome will be the effectiveness of intraoperative fluorescence imaging, assessed by three independent experts. The secondary outcomes will be conversion to open surgery, the total operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and long-term survival rates.
Discussion
The aim of using this novel ICG-HSA complex will be to improve the success rate of fluorescence navigation in liver resection by ensuring better stability and a longer liver retention time compared with free ICG. This study seeks to validate the clinical value of ICG-HSA in enhancing surgical precision and outcomes, ultimately promoting its broader clinical application. The results are expected to provide high-level evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of this new fluorescence imaging agent.
Trial registration
Clinicaltrial.gov, NCT06219096. Registered on 1 December 2024.
Numerical investigation of miniature vortex generators on an airfoil
Authors: Szabó András , Nagy Péter Tamás , Kulcsár Márton , de Baets Gilles , Vanierschot Maarten , Paál György
Published: September 2024

Miniature vortex generators (MVGs) have a large potential to reduce the friction drag by delaying laminar–turbulent transition in boundary layer flows with attenuating the growth of the Tollmien–Schlichting (TS) waves. This study is concerned with the modal stability analysis of the streamwise elongated streaks in the boundary layer on the suction side of an aerodynamic body — the Bluepoint solar car of the Innoptus solar team. Two MVG configurations are investigated: one that was the focus of previous experimental studies and another one that is the recommendation of Szabó et al. (Computers & Fluids, 269, 106123, 2024). Using the methodology of Szabó et al., the stationary flow is calculated with three–dimensional CFD simulation and the boundary region equations, while the modal stability of the flow is modeled using BiGlobal and parabolized stability equations. It is shown that because of the low curvature, in the base flow calculation, curvature effects can be accounted for by incorporating the pressure gradient in the modeling equations. Furthermore, the curvature can also be neglected in the stability calculations, while non–local effects have a more substantial influence on the stability of the flow. Finally, it is shown that in the case of the streamlined body, the recommendations of Szabó et al. derived in the flat-plate boundary layer are not superior, which reveals the need for further research efforts.
Are fibrous cortical defect (FCD) and non-ossifying fibroma (NOF) only a radiological finding? Relationship between radiological/clinical findings and physical activity in children and adolescents: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Berk Erhan , Baykara Rabia Aydogan
Published: September 2024

Background: Fibrous cortical defect (FCD) and non-ossifying fibroma (NOF) are incidentally recognised and benign developmental lesions. The objective of this study was to ascertain the clinical manifestations and symptoms of FCD/NOF in children and adolescent patients, to characterise the lesions radiologically using X-ray and MRI techniques, and to determine the relationship between physical activity and the condition.
Materials and Methods: The study included patients under the age of 18 with radiological lesions on their extremities. The lesions were classified as FKD or NOF in accordance with the distinctive imaging features. For each lesion, the bone involved, the site involved, the size of the lesion, and the type of lesion according to the Ritschl classification were recorded. In the anamnesis, the patient's presenting complaint, the character of the pain, if any, and the level of activity were investigated. Pain was quantified using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the 21-Numbered Circle VAS.(21-NCVAS) The 21-Numbered Circle Activity Scale(21-NCAS) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were employed for the assessment of physical activity.
Results: 34 lesions in 28 children (14 girls/14 boys) were included in the study. Age was not different between girls and boys (p = 0.45). According to Ritschl classification, 18 (52.9%) lesions were stage A, 9 (26.5%) were stage B and 7 (20.6%) were stage C. The lesion size increased with increasing Ritschl stage (p<0.02). The main presenting complaint was pain (n = 13, 49.9%). In 21.4% of the children (n=6), lesions were detected incidentally on radiographs. According to IPAQ, 39.3% of the children were physically inactive. There was a significant negative correlation between 21-NCAS and Ritschls stage (r= -.51, p<.05). Activity decreased as the Ritschl stage increased. There was a significant negative correlation between 21-NCAS and VAS (r=-.69, p<.05).
Conclusion: Spontaneous pain was observed in 49.9% of patients diagnosed with FCD/NOF. No correlation was identified between lesion size and the presence or severity of pain. As the severity of pain and Ritschl stage increased, there was a corresponding decrease in physical activity.
The Value of PET/CT Radiomics for Predicting Survival Outcomes in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kang Yeon-koo , Ha Seunggyun , Jeong Ji Bong , Oh So Won
Published: September 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with poor prognosis even without distant metastases, necessitating in-depth characterization of primary tumours for survival prediction. We assessed the feasibility of using FDG-PET/CT radiomics to predict overall survival (OS) in PDAC. This retrospective study included PDAC patients without distant metastasis who underwent FDG-PET/CT for initial staging. Primary tumours were segmented from FDG-PET/CT images, extracting 222 radiomics features. A radiomics-based risk score (Rad-score) was developed using Cox proportional hazards regression with LASSO to predict OS. The prognostic performance of the Rad-score was compared with a clinical model (demographics, disease stage, laboratory results) using Harrell's concordance index (C-index) and bootstrapping. 140 patients were included, with a mortality rate was 72.9% during follow-up (total population, 19.5 ± 19.2 months; survivors, 34.4 ± 28.8 months). Eleven radiomics features were significant for survival prediction. The Rad-score predicted OS with a C-index of 0.681 [95% CI, 0.632–0.731]. A model integrating clinical parameters and Rad-score outperformed the clinical-only model in predicting OS (C-index 0.736 [0.727–0.812] vs. 0.667 [0.648–0.750]; C-index difference 0.069 [0.028–0.117]; P < 0.001). These findings suggest that incorporating FDG-PET/CT radiomics into preexisting prognotic stratification paradiagm may enhance survival prediction in PDAC, warranting large-scale studies to confirm its applicability in clinical practice.
The impact of Insulin Resistance evaluated by 20/ (fasting blood glucose × fasting C-peptide) on cognitive declined Japanese Type 2 Diabetes Patient
Authors: Nonaka Takahiro , Kono Kenichi , Ishii Hideaki , Owari Go , Watabe Yuto , Takemoto Minoru , Nishida Yusuke
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the mechanisms by which type 2 diabetes affects brain parenchyma and impairs higher brain functions, focusing on insulin resistance. The analysis included 20 participants with an average age of 72.5 years and an average diabetes duration of 12 years. The study found a significant positive correlation between insulin resistance (CPR-IR) and general cognitive function (MoCA-J), but no significant correlations with executive function (FAB) or attention function (TMT-A and TMT-B). These findings suggest that insulin resistance contributes to cognitive decline in diabetic patients, likely due to impaired insulin signaling in the brain. This study highlights the importance of evaluating and addressing both insulin resistance and secretion capacity in diabetes treatment, particularly for Japanese patients who often have lower insulin secretion. The results underscore the potential benefits of exercise therapy in improving cognitive functions and suggest that designing treatment programs to enhance behavioral modifications could be beneficial for diabetes management. Future research should involve larger sample sizes and more detailed evaluation items to further explore these relationships and improve therapeutic strategies for cognitive decline in diabetic patients.
Tailoring Asymmetric RuCu Dual-Atom Electrocatalyst toward Ammonia Synthesis from Nitrate
Authors: Chen Wenxing , Liu Kaiyuan , Sun Zhiyi , Liu Xudong , Zhang Xiao , Zhou Boran , Chen Zhengbo , Zhou Qiang , Zhang Fang , Wang Yong , Gao Xin , Chen Pengwan
Published: September 2024

Atomically dispersed dual-atom catalysts (DACs) with asymmetric coordination are pivotal for enhancing economic efficiency and sustainable development in the electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) to produce ammonia. However, rational design and rapid synthesis of DACs remain challenging. Here, we demonstrate the pulsed discharge method, which generates microsecond current pulses to inject substantial energy instantaneously into ruthenium (Ru) and copper (Cu) metal salt precursors supported by nitrogen-doped graphene aerogels (NGA). This process results in the atomically dispersed Ru and Cu dual atoms anchoring onto nanopore defects of NGA (RuCu DAs/NGA) through explosive decomposition of the metal salt nanocrystals. X-ray absorption spectroscopy analysis suggests an asymmetric RuN2-CuN3 coordination structure on NGA. The RuCu DAs/NGA catalyst exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance in NO3RR, achieving a Faraday efficiency of 97.8% and an ammonia yield rate of 3.07 mg h− 1 cm− 2 at -0.4 V vs. RHE. In situ studies monitor the evolution of RuCu active sites and reaction intermediates during the NO3RR process in real time. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the Ru-Cu sites in the asymmetric RuN2CuN3/C structure create a synergistic effect, optimizing intermediate adsorption and lowering the energy barrier of key elementary reactions. This pulsed discharge method is simple, ultra-fast, and versatile (e.g., applicable to PtCu, AgCu, and PdCu DAs on NGA), offering a general-purpose strategy for the precise preparation of atomically dispersed dual-atom catalysts, which are traditionally challenging to synthesize.
Disuse atrophy of articular cartilage can be restored by mechanical reloading in mice
Authors: Nomura Masato , Moriyama Hideki , Wakimoto Yoshio , Miura Yasushi
Published: September 2024

Background
Moderate mechanical stress generated by normal joint loading and movements helps maintain the health of articular cartilage. Despite growing interest in the pathogenesis of cartilage degeneration caused by reduced mechanical stress, its reversibility by mechanical reloading is less understood. This study aimed to investigate the response of articular cartilage exposed to mechanical reloading after unloading in vivo and in vitro.
Methods and results
Disuse atrophy was induced in the knee joint cartilage of adult mice through hindlimb unloading by tail suspension. For in vivo experiments, mice were subjected to reloading with or without daily exercise intervention or surgical destabilization of the knee joint. Microcomputed tomography and histomorphometric analyses were performed on the harvested knee joints. Matrix loss and thinning of articular cartilage due to unloading were fully or partially restored by reloading, and exercise intervention enhanced the restoration. Subchondral bone density decreased by unloading and increased to above-normal levels by reloading. The severity of cartilage damage caused by joint instability was not different even with prior non-weight bearing. For in vitro experiments, articular chondrocytes isolated from the healthy or unloaded joints of the mice were embedded in agarose gel. After dynamic compression loading, the expression levels of anabolic (Sox9, Col2a1, and Acan) and catabolic (Mmp13 and Adamts5) factors of cartilage were analyzed. In chondrocytes isolated from the unloaded joints, similar to those from healthy joints, dynamic compression increased the expression of anabolic factors but suppressed the expression of catabolic factors.
Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that the morphological changes in articular chondrocytes exposed to mechanical unloading may be restored by shifting extracellular matrix metabolism to anabolism in response to mechanical reloading.
Combination of Interscalen Brachial Plexus Block and Superficial Cervical Plexus Block in The Patient to be Operated to Clavicular Excision of Chordoma: A Case Report
Authors: polat Ezgi , kocoglu hasan , solcan seyit ibrahim
Published: September 2024

Background: Clavicular surgery can be performed under general or regional anesthesia with peripheral nerve blocks.
Case: A 29-year-old man with cerebrovascular disease, interstitial lung disease, tumour in lung, right vocal cord paralysis, cervical, thoracic and lumbar stabilization was scheduled for regional anesthesia to undergo metastatic chordoma at clavicle. Considering the risks, the patient who will be operated on for tumour excision in the right clavicle, who is predicted to have difficult intubation due to limitation of extension secondary to a previous posterior cervical instrumentation, is treated with interscalene brachial plexus block and superficial cervical plexus block combination to avoid multiple drug use and complications that may arise during intubation.
Conclusions: Regional anesthesia seems like a reasonable alternative to general anesthesia and may be a good option for perioperative analgesia management in clavicle surgery.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of clerkship supervisors regarding the biopsychosocial approach at the University of Botswana's Faculty of Medicine
Authors: Tshitenge Stephane , Molebatsi Katlego P. , Moeng Lesedi , Mothule Reneilwe S. , Moeti Bofelo , Manko Ronald O.B. , Moses Mompoloki M.
Published: September 2024

Background
The biopsychosocial and spiritual model (BPSM), commonly known as the body-mind-unity, does not contradict the biological model; it aims to expand health professionals understanding by integrating psychological and eco-social elements as influential factors in health and disease. We investigated the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of University of Botswana faculty of medicine (UB-FOM) clerkship supervisors on BPSM.
Methods
This was a quantitative cross-sectional survey. We distributed online (using Microsoft Forms) and self-administered paper-based questionnaires to clerkship departments. We gathered KAP information using a five-point Likert scale and an open-ended question section that asked respondents to elaborate on the factors they believed could limit their application of the BPSM.
Results
Forty-eight clerkship supervisors completed the questionnaire. Most participants (n = 38, 79.2%) reported that they received training on the BPSM throughout their undergraduate or postgraduate education. UB-FOM clerkship supervisors appreciated the importance of considering all four dimensions of health in any healthcare activity (mean score = 4.14 > weighted mean score of 4.04). They also noted the intricate nature of the interaction between psychological and physical health elements (mean score = 4.18 > weighted mean score of 4.04). However, they did not feel comfortable instructing medical students on the model during clinical rotation (mean score = 3.98 < weighted mean score = 4.04), and they expressed scepticism over the ability of psychosocial processes and treatments to alter medical illnesses. Additionally, they did not feel the importance of incorporating the spiritual evaluation into medical practice (mean score = 3.82 < weighted mean score of 4.04).
Obstacles to the implementation of a BPSM included time constraints during consultations and burden, a negative "attitude" towards the BPSM, a lack of updated training, and a defined guideline for the BSPM.
Conclusion
UB-FOM Clerkship supervisors appreciated the importance of considering all four dimensions of health in any healthcare activity. However, they did not feel comfortable instructing medical students on the model during clinical rotation, and they expressed scepticism over the ability of psychosocial processes and treatments to alter medical illnesses. We recommend implementation research that specifically targets the beliefs and attitudes of clerkship supervisors.
Enhancing Infiltration Rate Predictions with Hybrid Machine Learning and Empirical Models: Addressing Challenges in Southern India
Authors: Ramaswamy Mooganayakanakote Veeranna , Kumaraswamy Yashas Kumar Hanumapura , Reddy Varshini Jaganatha , Nyamathi Shivakumar J
Published: September 2024

Despite the success of machine learning (ML) in many disciplines, its application in hydrology, especially in water-scarce regions, faces challenges due to the lack of interpretability and physical consistency. This study addresses these challenges by integrating established empirical hydrological models with ML techniques to predict infiltration rates in water-scarce regions of southern India. Data from 199 observations across 11 sites, including soil characteristics and infiltration measurements, were used to parameterize traditional models like Philip's, Horton's, and Kostiakov's, which were then combined with Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and the MissForest (MF) algorithm to form hybrid models. The results demonstrate that hybrid models, particularly those based on Philip's model, significantly improve prediction accuracy (R²: 0.76–0.92, RMSE: 0.08–0.2 cm/min, and LCE: 0.11–0.71 with more predictors) across all target sites while retaining interpretability. This approach leverages the strengths of both empirical models and machine learning, addressing the limitations of each. The study highlights that while empirical models are data-driven and may introduce uncertainties, combining them with ML techniques can enhance predictive power and provide a more robust understanding of infiltration dynamics. This is particularly valuable in regions where direct measurement is challenging. The hybrid models facilitate accurate predictions using minimal data from readily accessible locations, offering a practical solution for effective water resource management and soil conservation in semi-arid and data-scarce regions. By blending empirical knowledge with machine learning algorithms, this approach not only improves accuracy but also enhances the physical meaningfulness of hydrological models, providing a balanced and innovative solution to hydrological modeling challenges.
RETRACTED: A Systematic Review of Computer-Based Simulation Applications in Pediatric Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Abasi Arezoo , Ayatollahi Haleh , Amirzadeh Amirhossein
Published: September 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Automated Amniotic Fluid Volume Assessment Using YOLOv8 for Enhanced Fetal Health Diagnosis in Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: Rafi Muhammad , Frnda Jaroslav , Khan Daniyal Ahmed , Irfan Minhal , Siddiqui Abdul Rafay
Published: September 2024

Amniotic Fluid (AF) is crucial for fetal development, and changes in its volume can signal maternal and fetal health issues. This study focuses on the challenges of accurately assessing Amniotic Fluid Volume (AFV) due to the dependence on the skill of the sonographer. To improve this process, we used segmentation techniques to clearly define AF compartments. We applied the YOLOv8 model to segment AF in ultrasound (US) images. After segmentation, we used contour detection technique to estimate AFV using the Single Deepest Pocket (SDP) method, classifying the results into three clinical categories: adequate, polyhydramnios, and oligohydramnios. We also used the Phi3 Large Language Model(LLM) to process the diagnoses and SDP values, generating associated risks through Prompt Engineering and integration with Langchain and Ollama. The dataset included 3335 US images, ensuring thorough analysis and validation. The study showed strong performance in AF segmentation, achieving a mean Average Precision at an IoU threshold of 0.50 (mAP50) of 0.84. These results demonstrate the model's effectiveness in accurately detecting amniotic fluid. This research advances automated AF analysis, providing valuable support for sonographers in assessing fetal health.
\newline\newline\noindent\textbf{Keywords:} amniotic fluid volume, single deepest pocket, obstetric ultrasound, computer vision, natural language processing, deep learning
π-π Interactions-Directed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Sterically Unbiased Aromatic Ketones
Authors: Zhang Xumu , Song Jingyuan , Xiao Renwei , He Hui , Wang Li , Huang Fanping , Zhao Menglong , Liu Donghuang , Ni Shao-Fei , Chen Gen-Qiang
Published: September 2024

Transition metal-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones has been well established; however, the asymmetric hydrogenation of sterically unbiased ketones remains a formidable challenge, due to the difficulty in control of enantioselectivity. Herein, we have developed a highly practical and efficient protocol for the asymmetric hydrogenation of sterically unbiased aromatic ketones, and a series of chiral cyclic diaryl alcohols, including the key intermediate of Baloxavir (super Tamiflu), with up to 99% yield and up to 99% ee. Mechanistic investigations indicate that iridium precursor [Ir(COD)Cl]2 could undergo an intramolecular oxidative C-H activation with the oxa-spirocyclic ligand to produce a highly rigid butterfly-shaped complex which is responsible for achieving high enantioselectivity, and X-ray diffraction analysis indicate that the ligand behaves as a tetradentate PNNC ligand, which could inhibit the toxicity of the sulfur-containing substrate to the catalyst. Preliminary DFT calculations and NCI analysis demonstrated that π-π interactions between the substrate and catalyst played a key role in the control of enantioselectivity. Furthermore, the synthetic potential of our catalytic system was verified by the gram-scale asymmetric hydrogenation, and Baloxavir intermediate was obtained with retention of enantioselectivity.
Diurnal Characteristics and Sources Apportionment of Atmospheric PM2.5 in a Medium-sized City in East China
Authors: Meng Lingshuo , Du Yang , Che Hanxiong , Zhou Jiawei , Bao Zhier , Liu Yiliang , Han Yan , Qi Xin , Long Xin , Chen Yang
Published: September 2024

To investigate the characteristics and sources of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the medium-sized cities in East China, continuous observation of PM2.5 was conducted in Huai'an City from April 18th to May 11st, 2021. During the observation process, the average mass concentration of PM2.5 was 58.5 ± 26.9 µg/m3, with a low-to-high trend for observation periods: midnight and early morning < night < morning < afternoon. The composition of PM2.5 remained consistent across all sampling periods, with the highest content being water-soluble ions, followed by carbonaceous components. The total concentration of water-soluble ions in PM2.5 accounted for 43.4% of PM2.5, and the secondary inorganic components (NH + 4, NO- 3, and SO2- 4) were the main ion components, accounting for 36.1%, 33.6%, and 18.2% of the total ion concentration, respectively. The organic carbon (OC) and element carbon (EC) were 11.5 ± 5.0 µg/m3 and 1.4 ± 0.9 µg/m3, with OC/EC ratio more than 2 in all periods, indicating a significant presence of secondary pollution throughout the observation process. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model results indicate that the atmospheric PM2.5 in Huai'an was influenced by vehicle exhaust (29.6%), other sources (19.0%), dust sources (18.5%), and secondary sources (13.9%). The sources of PM2.5 were mainly secondary sources during midnight and early morning (18.0%), soil dust during morning and night (21.7% and 20.0%), and motor vehicle exhaust in the afternoon (21.8%), respectively. The results of this study have significance for the scientific prevention and control of atmospheric PM2.5 in East China.
Experimental study of a drill-string test rig and the construction of torsional stability maps
Authors: Santos Adriano D. dos , Costa André L. D. da , Fleury Agenor T. , Ritto Thiago G.
Published: September 2024

This paper presents an experimental study of a test rig designed to emulate drill-string dynamic phenomena and construct torsional stability maps. The primary objective is to analyze the torsional vibration of a slender shaft subjected to frictional torque induced by pins, considering various imposed axial forces and rotational speeds. A methodology for building the stability map is proposed. Three different scenarios that influence torsional behavior are analyzed, resulting in distinct stability maps. The findings indicate that initiating shaft rotation prior to axial contact and applying axial oscillations during contact contribute to improving torsional stability. Overall, the study highlights the significance of these factors in understanding and enhancing torsional stability in drill-string systems.
Stress Relaxation Curves Modelling for Creep-Fatigue Damage Estimation of Nickel-based Alloy 617
Authors: Dewa Rando Tungga
Published: September 2024

This paper focuses on the model assessment for characterizing the stress relaxation behavior for creep-fatigue damage estimation of Alloy 617, this is to generate an overall model for verification of relaxed stress at long-term prediction. The creep-fatigue tests were initially conducted under tension hold only, with a variety of hold times and total strain ranges. In this study, the predictive performance of the models is selected and fitted to the short-term stress relaxation data sets, then extrapolated to some extent. The models include classical relaxation models, long-term creep models, and model integration. Peleg’s model shows the most superior results in comparison to the other leading models according to the R² value. The creep-fatigue damage calculation is performed once again according to the ideal model. The results show that the damage estimations are more accurate, meaning that the data points are closer to the draft Alloy 617 code case. The fractured surface shows a brittle crack initiation at the oxide surface followed by a transgranular crack.
Enzyme- and GSH-responsive gelatin coated magnetic multi-shell hollow mesoporous organosilicon nanoparticles for avermectin controlled-release
Authors: Gao Jiazhen , Luo Pengyu , Shen Siqiang , Liu Ying , Li Xiaoyun , Wang Xiaoying
Published: September 2024

To enhance the utilization of pesticides and reduce environmental risks, we constructed the magnetic recyclable and dual stimulus-responsive nanoparticles to achieve on-demand pesticide release. Magnetic multi-shell hollow mesoporous organosilicon nanoparticles (mMSN) were prepared by one-step hydrothermal method and loaded with pesticide avermectin (A@mMSN), afterwards A@mMSN were coated with gelatin through emulsification and chemical cross-linking to prepare A@mMSN@G microspheres (21.5 ± 9.7 µm). After being absorbed by the pests, the gelatin layer was hydrolyzed with the neutral protease, and the disulfide bonds within mMSN framework were decomposed by glutathione (GSH), endowing A@mMSN@G microspheres with enzyme and GSH responsiveness to achieve sustained avermectin release till 7 days (about 3.5 times that of the commercial avermectin emulsion). Importantly, the A@mMSN@G microspheres containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles could be easily magnetically collected from soil with a recovery rate of 41.7%, to reduce the environmental risks. With excellent biosafety, A@mMSN@G microspheres showed outstanding pest control effects till two weeks and the growth of cabbage was not affected by it. Therefore, based on the recyclability and dual stimulus-responsive controllable release, the fabricated A@mMSN@G microspheres have broad application potential in pesticide delivery.
Experimental Study on the Flexural Behavior of Ferrocement Slab Panels With Supplementary Cementitious Silica Fume and Fiber Materials
Authors: Kaushik Pooja , Hassan Owais Ul , Sharif Mohammed
Published: September 2024

Ferrocement is a composite construction material with slender sections or panels, a rich cementitious mortar, and steel wire mesh as its principal reinforcing agent. The mortar matrix is designed to achieve optimal strength, density, impermeability, and workability, minimizing void formation and preventing map cracking. A study evaluated the workability and flexural strength of mortars prepared using three types of fine aggregates: Badarpur sand, Yamuna River sand, and Kilned Brick Powder. The mortar classifications included conventional mortar compositions (MCS), mortars with flyash and Silica Fume (MFSS), and mortars with flyash, silica fume, and human hair (MFSHS). The results showed that mixes incorporating these materials significantly improved workability, with MFSS-2 showing the highest increase (42.50%). The high-strength formulations with supplementary materials were superior in terms of stiffness and structural integrity, with MFSHS-1 showing the least deflection for any given load. The addition of 1% human hair fibers in the mortar matrix improved flexural strength in panels, acting as micro-reinforcements, enhancing the tensile strength alongwith mortar ductility.
A hybrid design for Phase I clinical trials
Authors: Xiao Jiacheng , Zhang Weijia , Jin Qiuqi
Published: September 2024

Background: How to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) is the primary objective in phase I clinical trial. The study indicates that the trial would fail, largely because a suboptimal dose is recommended to the further stage. The overly toxic dose assigned to patients during the treatment could lead to irreversible damage and even death, as a result, the safety of the design has been frequently emphasized.
Methods: We propose a novel hybrid design that incorporates the CRM into the Keyboard design. Results: The hybrid design has superiorities in safety control and accuracy of recommendation over the existing designs.
Conclusion: The hybrid design maximizes the merits and minimizes the limitations. In other words, the proposed the method possesses these two advantages, the overdose control and full use of information, meanwhile, the aggressive dose transition of the CRM has been avoided.
Enhanced Reinforcement Learning-based Resource Allocation and Interference Mitigation in Beyond 5G D2D Heterogeneous Networks
Authors: Edla Susmitha , Dharani M
Published: September 2024

The increasing demands for higher data rates in Beyond 5G (B5G) networks necessitate the effective deployment of small cells (SCs) to ensure optimal Quality of Service (QoS) for cell edge user equipment (CEUE) in densely populated areas. Our study introduces an advanced two-step algorithm that leverages reinforcement learning to match dynamic resources and optimize power allocation to maximize network performance. Initially, our upgraded algorithm employs a novel Q-learning approach to optimally pair user equipment (UEs) with available resources, focusing on sum-rate maximization while minimizing interference at each step. Subsequently, we enhance the power allocation strategy using a sophisticated differential evolution algorithm that adapts to varying network conditions, ensuring robust QoS for CEUEs. The proposed method not only refines the matching and power allocation processes, but also introduces adap-tive thresholds for real-time network adjustments, contributing to a substantial performance increase over existing methods. Our results indicate improvements in sum-rate by at least 15% and 35% in interference reduction compared to conventional techniques. This study not only underscores the efficiency of the integrated reinforcement learning approach in dense B5G environments but also sets a foundation for future research in autonomous network management.
Influence of Arrhenius Activation Energy and Brownian motion on mixed convection in Darcy-Forchheimer flow of Ternary Nanofluids over a Porous Media
Authors: Chandrakala P. , Srinivasa V.
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the effects of ternary nanoparticles on heat and mass transfer through a porous medium, considering both mixed convection and Darcy-Forchheimer. A mathematical model is developed to describe the momentum, energy, and concentration profiles incorporating the Darcy-Forchheimer drag force, Brownian motion of nanoparticles, and the activation energy influencing the chemical reaction rate. The governing partial differential equations are transformed using appropriate similarity transformations, leading to nonlinear ordinary differential equations. These equations are subsequently numerically solved using the bvp4c solver in MATLAB, facilitating the analysis of key parameter variations. Moreover, this study includes an analysis of graphs for different types of nanofluids, such as ternary, hybrid, and mono nanofluids, providing valuable insights. Results indicate that Arrhenius activation energy significantly affects the concentration boundary layer, enhancing the mass transfer rate and causing a marked increase in the concentration profile. Brownian motion contributes to the thermal boundary layer thickness, promoting better heat transfer.