bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review on Targeted Drug Delivery System
Authors: Sripathi Vamsi
Published: August 2024

Good drug delivery, also known as targeted drug administration, is a therapeutic approach that involves administering more medication to one or a few body parts than to others. Two tactics are Cancers Active and passive targeting is commonly employed to focus drugs to a certain organ or tissue. Delivery of drugs Cars provide the medication either continuously or only in the desired area. A perfect medicine delivery vehicle should be able to pass across barriers like the blood-brain barrier. Because nanotechnology is being used in medicine, nanomedicine has recently gained popularity. Nano drug delivery can help distribute medications with limited water solubility and can help prevent the first pass because nanoparticles are incredibly small. Liver metabolism. Medication delivery based on nanotechnology. These also include the approaches in which the therapeutic drugs are combined with "targeting ligands"—antigens linked to tumors—that have this potential.
Pemanfaatan Multimedia Interaktif untuk Peningkatan Kualitas Pembelajaran dan Pengoptimalan Lahan Pekarangan di SD Negeri Kemukus Nanggulan Kulon Progo
Authors: Agustin  , Haryanto Eri , Subeni Subeni , Noor Viana Candarisma Dhanes
Published: August 2024

Mitra dari program pengabdian masyarakat ini yaitu SD Negeri Kemukus yang terletak di Kapanewon Nanggulan Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Alasan dilakukannya pengabdian di lokasi mitra dikarenakan masih rendahnya sarana pembelajaran dan keterampilan dari para guru dalam memanfaatkan teknologi informasi untuk pembuatan modul bahan ajar dan pemilihan media pembelajaran yang tepat untuk diterapkan. Selain itu juga terkait permasalahan kurangnya optimalisasi pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan yang tandus menjadi lebih bermanfaat, bernilai ekonomis dan estetis. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini yaitu 1) meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan para guru dalam pemanfaatan teknologi informasi untuk pembuatan modul bahan ajar serta penggunaan media pembelajaran, dan 2) meningkatkan pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan yang tandus menjadi lebih optimal. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini antara lain persiapan dan pelaksanaan kegiatan. Berdasarkan permasalahan yang ditemui oleh mitra maka solusi yang diberikan untuk tujuan yang pertama yaitu penambahan sarana pembelajaran, perancangan dan pembuatan website dan video profile, pelatihan pembuatan modul belajar, pelatihan pembuatan media pembelajaran, dan pelatihan pembuatan modul digital. Solusi yang diberikan untuk tujuan yang kedua yaitu pengadaan alat komposter dan pelatihan pembuatan kompos, serta pengolahan lahan dan budidaya tanaman. Berdasarkan pengabdian yang telah dilaksanakan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa adanya peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan mitra terkait dengan pemanfaatan teknologi informasi untuk kegiatan belajar mengajar sehingga diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kompetensi dan motivasi belajar siswa. Selain itu mitra juga dapat meningkatkan keterampilannya dalam pengoptimalan lahan sehingga menjadi lebih produktif.
Pengembangan Usaha Angkringan Guna Mendukung Wisata Taman Toga di Padukuhan Ngelosari Kalurahan Srimulyo
Authors: WIJANARKO GALIH , Sukirno  , Wahyu Pratomo Hadianto  , Maulidiyati  , Rino Ardianto  , Eko Prihantoro  , Fajar Setiawan  , La Ode Afandi  , Silfanus Ernawan  , Nancy Cahya Kurnia  , Intan Rizki Lestari  , Ichsan Kusuma Shakti  , Nurul Anggraeni
Published: August 2024

Potensi pengembangan usaha angkringan sebagai strategi peningkatan pendapatan dan perkembangan ekonomi lokal di Padukuhan Ngelosari, Kalurahan Srimulyo, Kapanewon Piyungan, Kabupaten Bantul. Dilaksanakan sebagai bagian dari Kuliah Kerja Nyata Tematik (KKNT) Universitas Janabadra 2023, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mendukung "Taman TOGA" sebagai destinasi wisata alam dan edukasi. Metode penelitian melibatkan studi literatur, observasi lapangan, dan wawancara. Hasil KKNT menunjukkan peran penting usaha angkringan dalam membangkitkan perekonomian mikro di tingkat lokal. Fokus utama penelitian mencakup strategi pemasaran kreatif, peningkatan kualitas produk, dan penerapan teknologi dalam manajemen usaha angkringan. Sinergi dengan pasar daring dan promosi melalui media sosial berhasil meningkatkan visibilitas usaha angkringan. Dampak praktis penelitian ini mencakup penyediaan dasar bagi pemilik usaha angkringan, pemerintah, dan pemangku kepentingan untuk merumuskan kebijakan dan strategi yang mendukung pertumbuhan usaha kecil berkelanjutan serta pengembangan wisata Taman TOGA di Padukuhan Ngelosari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan potensi peningkatan pendapatan pemilik usaha angkringan dan kontribusi positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi lokal.
Community Empowerment Through the Development of the Watu Wayang Tourism Village, Srimulyo Village, Piyungan District, Bantul Regency
Authors: Puspitasari Dyah Rosiana
Published: August 2024

The development of tourist villages in addition to functioning as an improvementin environmental conservation, also functions as a community economic development. This illustrates theprocess of economic and social community empowerment. Thus, the development of community-based tourism is a strategic effort to empower the community. This activity has the theme of Community Empowerment through Tourism Village Development. With the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) method and data collection techniques through interviews, observations, Focus Group Discussion, and literature studies, this activity aims toincrease the knowledge of Watu Wayang tourist village managers about excellent services andtourism promotion. The results of the activity show that the community's knowledge and skillshave increased, especially regardingexcellent service and tourism promotion. This can be seenfrom the results of the evaluation of activities, especially the results of pritest and posttest. The results of the implementation of community  service can be concluded that  the implementation of these activities have been able to improve the abilities and skills of tourism village managersin Watu Wayang.
Analisis Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas IX SMP dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Berbasis Higher Order Thinking Skills pada Materi Sistem Reproduksi Manusia
Authors: Isnawati Iim , Anfa Qurrotul , Rohmani Lucky Amatur
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan supaya dapat menyelesaikan masalah rendahnya keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa kelas IX SMP pada materi sistem reproduksi manusia. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui tingkat keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal berbasis HOTS materi sistem reproduksi manusia. Penelitian yang digunakan menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah berupa tes 20 soal pilihan ganda berbasis HOTS. Teknik analisis data menggunakan skoring soal two tier multiple choice. Populasi dalam penelitian ini siswa di SMPN Sekecamatan Maospati. Sampel penelitian menggunakan 177 siswa, yang terdiri dari 60 siswa SMPN Negeri 1 Maospati, 57 siswa SMPN 2 Maospati, dan 60 siswa SMPN 3 Maospati. Pengumpulan sampel menggunakan teknik random sampling. hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa dalam mengerjakan soal berbasis HOTS kelas IX SMPN yang ada di Kecamatan Maospati berkategori tinggi dengan presentase 11%, berkategori cukup dengan presentase 23%, dan berkategori rendah dengan presentase sebesar 71%. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal berbasis HOTS masih rendah. Angket Kuesioner pernyataan sikap siswa dalam berpikir kritis yang digunakan sebagai data pendukung penelitian.
Amelioration of Insulin Resistance after Delivery Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Postpartum Diabetes in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Son Heejun , Moon Joon Ho , Choi Sung Hee , Cho Nam H. , Kwak Soo Heon , Jang Hak Chul
Published: August 2024

Background: Identifying risk factors for postpartum type 2 diabetes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is crucial for effective interventions. We examined whether changes in insulin sensitivity after delivery affects the risk of type 2 diabetes in women with GDM.Methods: This prospective cohort study included 347 women with GDM or gestational impaired glucose tolerance, who attended the follow-up visits at 2 months postpartum and annually thereafter. Changes in insulin sensitivity were calculated using the Matsuda index at GDM diagnosis and at 2 months postpartum (ΔMatsuda index). After excluding women with pregestational diabetes or those followed up only once, we analyzed the risk of postpartum type 2 diabetes based on the ΔMatsuda index tertiles.Results: The incidence of type 2 diabetes at the two-month postpartum visit decreased with increasing ΔMatsuda index tertiles (16.4%, 9.5%, and 1.8%, P=0.001). During a 4.1-year follow-up, 26 out of 230 women who attended more than two follow-up visits (11.3%) developed type 2 diabetes. Compared to the lowest tertile, subjects in the highest ΔMatsuda index tertile showed a significantly reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio, 0.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.12 to 0.93; P=0.036) after adjusting for confounders.Conclusion: Improvement in insulin sensitivity after delivery is associated with a reduced risk of postpartum type 2 diabetes in women with GDM. Postpartum changes in insulin sensitivity could be a useful prediction for future type 2 diabetes development in women with GDM.
Comprehensive Review on Effectiveness of Single and Multiple Visit Regenerative Endodontics and Comparative Evaluation of Patient Reported Outcomes in Single Visit and Multiple Visit Regenerative Endodontics in Permanent Teeth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Babel Shashank , Akinsanya Olugbenga , Babel Divya , Vinay Vineet
Published: August 2024

This systematic review aimed to investigate the efficacy of single visit and multiple visit regenerative endodontics and compare the patient based clinical outcome of permanent teeth treated with single visit & multiple visit regenerative endodontic therapy. The protocol was registered with Prospero registration code CRD42024505225. A comprehensive search strategy was performed in different databases—PubMed, CENTRAL, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, ERIC and PsycINFO using searching keywords and was limited to studies published till January 2024 in English. The Inclusion criteria for the study were randomized clinical trial, prospective clinical studies, case Reports and case Series. The search found 20 eligible articles, which were included in the study. Risk of bias of clinical studies was conducted using ROBINS-I tool and JBL tool was used for quality assessment of case reports and case series included. The conclusions of our study concluded that in terms of clinical outcome both the approaches presented success of treatment with odds were greater with multiple visits as compared to single visit REP but statistically there was no difference between both the group. Radiographically outcome - In terms of root width diameter post treatment, single visit REPs were more successful as compared to multiple visits but statistical difference was not present. However, further research and emphasis should be given on undertaking more clinical trials regeneration in endodontics to provide proper results.
Instrumentos para estimar el porcentaje de sombra en el cafetal
Authors: Farfán-Valencia Fernando
Published: August 2024

La zona cafetera colombiana se caracteriza por presenter una alta nubosidad durante el día, que puede ser estimada a partir de los registros del brillo solar, así como por la ocurrencia de diversas condiciones en la disponibilidad de agua en el suelo, cuantificada mediante los balances hídricos regionales (4). Estas dos condiciones determinantes de la producción de café se deben tener en cuenta para la orientación de las prácticas de cultivo, entre ellas el sombrío.
Metallicity Dependence of Pressure-regulated Feedback-modulated Star Formation in the TIGRESS-NCR Simulation Suite
Authors: Kim Chang-Goo , Ostriker Eve C. , Kim Jeong-Gyu , Gong Munan , Bryan Greg L. , Fielding Drummond B. , Hassan Sultan , Ho Matthew , Jeffreson Sarah M. R. , Somerville Rachel S. , Steinwandel Ulrich P.
Published: August 2024

We present a new suite of numerical simulations of the star-forming interstellar medium (ISM) in galactic disks using the TIGRESS-NCR framework. Distinctive aspects of our simulation suite are (1) sophisticated and comprehensive numerical treatments of essential physical processes including magnetohydrodynamics, self-gravity, and galactic differential rotation, as well as photochemistry, cooling, and heating coupled with direct ray-tracing UV radiation transfer and resolved supernova feedback and (2) wide parameter coverage including the variation in metallicity over

Z
′
≡
Z
/

Z
⊙

∼
0.1
-
3

, gas surface density Σgas ∼ 5–150 M
⊙ pc−2, and stellar surface density Σstar ∼ 1–50 M
⊙ pc−2. The range of emergent star formation rate surface density is ΣSFR ∼ 10−4–0.5 M
⊙ kpc−2 yr−1, and ISM total midplane pressure is P
tot/k

B
= 103–106 cm−3 K, with P
tot equal to the ISM weight

W

. For given Σgas and Σstar, we find

Σ

SFR

∝
Z

′

0.3

. We provide an interpretation based on the pressure-regulated feedback-modulated (PRFM) star formation theory. The total midplane pressure consists of thermal, turbulent, and magnetic stresses. We characterize feedback modulation in terms of the yield ϒ, defined as the ratio of each stress to ΣSFR. The thermal feedback yield varies sensitively with both weight and metallicity as

ϒ

th

∝

W

−
0.46

Z

′

−
0.53

, while the combined turbulent and magnetic feedback yield shows weaker dependence

ϒ

turb
+
mag

∝

W

−
0.22

Z

′

−
0.18

. The reduction in ΣSFR at low metallicity is due mainly to enhanced thermal feedback yield, resulting from reduced attenuation of UV radiation. With the metallicity-dependent calibrations we provide, PRFM theory can be used for a new subgrid star formation prescription in cosmological simulations where the ISM is unresolved.
A Search for Soft X-Ray Emission Lines in the Afterglow Spectrum of GRB 221009A
Authors: Campana Sergio , Braito Valentina , Lazzati Davide , Tiengo Andrea
Published: August 2024

GRB 221009A was the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) of all time (BOAT), surpassing in prompt brightness all GRBs discovered in ∼50 yr and in afterglow brightness in ∼20 yr. We observed the BOAT with XMM-Newton 2.3 days after the prompt. The X-ray afterglow was still very bright and we collected the largest number of photons with the reflection grating spectrometers (RGSs) on a GRB. We searched the RGS data for narrow emission or absorption features. We did not detect any bright line feature. A candidate narrow feature is identified at a (rest-frame) energy of

1.455

−
0.014

+
0.006

keV, consistent with an Mg xii
K

α
emission line, slightly redshifted (0.012) with respect to the host galaxy. We assessed a marginal statistical significance of 3.0σ for this faint feature based on conservative Monte Carlo simulations, which requires caution for any physical interpretation. If this line feature would be for real, we propose that it might originate from the reflection in the innermost regions of the infalling funnel from low-level late-time activity emission of the central engine.
On the Sensitivity of Apophis’s 2029 Earth Approach to Small Asteroid Impacts
Authors: Wiegert Paul
Published: August 2024

Apophis’s current trajectory takes it safely past our planet at a distance of several Earth radii on 2029 April 13. Here the possibility is considered that Apophis could collide with a small asteroid, like the ones that frequently and unpredictably strike Earth, and the resulting perturbation of its trajectory. The probability of an impact that could significantly displace Apophis relative to its keyholes is found to be less than one in 106, requiring a Δv ≳ 0.3 mm s−1, while for an impact that could significantly displace Apophis compared to its miss distance in 2029, it is less than one in 109, requiring a Δv ≳ 5 cm s−1. These probabilities are below the usual thresholds considered by asteroid impact warning systems. Apophis is in the daytime sky and unobservable from mid-2021 to 2027. It will be challenging to determine from single-night observations in 2027 if Apophis has moved on the target plane enough to enter a dangerous keyhole, as the deviation from the nominal ephemeris might be only a few tenths of an arcsecond. An impending Earth impact would, however, be signaled clearly in most cases by deviations of tens of arcseconds of Apophis from its nominal ephemeris in 2027. Thus, most of the impact risk could be retired by a single observation of Apophis in 2027, though a minority of cases present some ambiguity and are discussed in more detail. Charts of the on-sky position of Apophis under different scenarios are presented for quick assessment by observers.
Influence of Geographic Separation Between Urban Centers and Microplastic Burden on Bees (Apis mellifera)
Authors: Arévalo Pablo Wilson , Orellana Valeria Patricia , Brito López Paula Gabriela , Cajamarca Ximena Jamileth
Published: August 2024

Plastic, a product of industrialization, has become an integral part of human life since its inception. Its extensive usage has led to a drastic increase in production, resulting in the widespread accumulation of plastic waste at various levels. Improper disposal practices have compounded this issue, transforming plastic waste into a significant environmental concern. Factors such as the sheer volume of plastic generated, inadequate management, persistent accumulation, and fragmentation exacerbate this problem. Of particular concern is the prevalence of microplastics, tiny particles measuring less than 5mm, which have permeated various natural ecosystems and have been detected within living organisms. For example, bees, due to their foraging activities, inadvertently carry microplastics and associated contaminants on their bodies. This study aims to investigate the presence of microplastics in bees (Apis mellifera), utilizing them as indicators of microplastic pollution. Additionally, it seeks to determine whether there is a correlation between proximity to urban centers and the abundance of microplastics in bees sampled from selected apiaries. Employing fluorescence microscopy and FTIR Spectroscopy, the study analyzed a total of 54 samples collected from 9 participating apiaries within the designated area. Statistical analyses revealed that Gualaceo is not immune to microplastic contamination, with fibers and synthetic fragments detected in bee specimens. Furthermore, the study found an inverse relationship between distance from urban centers and the concentration of microplastics within beehives. To advance knowledge in this field, future research could explore the extent to which microplastics are integrated into bee products and their potential impact on living organisms. These findings underscore the urgent need for a shift in attitudes and actions at both individual and institutional levels, emphasizing the importance of proactive engagement in formulating and implementing effective environmental policies and engineering solutions.
An integrated inventory and order pick-up model considering the vendor's capacities and the vehicle trips' duration for the MVSB system
Authors: Marpaung Budi , Aribowo Wisnu , Suprayogi Suprayogi , Halim Abdul Hakim
Published: August 2024

Purpose: This research develops a model integrating inventory with order pick-up that considers both the vendor’s capacities and the pick-up time for the multi-vendor single-buyer (MVSB) system.Design/methodology/approach: A model of integrating inventory with pick-up of order considering both the vendor’s capacities and the pick-up time for the MVSB’s system is formulated as a mixed integer non-linear programming, and a heuristic-metaheuristic algorithm is proposed to solve the problem. This model applies a decomposition approach to minimize total relevant costs, which consist of the buyer’s ordering, vendor’s set-up, vendor’s and buyer’s holding, and pick-up.Findings: This research proposes an inventory model integrated with the pick-up of orders, considering both the capacity of the vendor and the pick-up time for the MVSB system. This research also proposes a hybrid heuristic-metaheuristic algorithm that can obtain a solution in realistic computational time. Originality/value: This paper proposes a mathematical model for the inbound inventory routing problem, considering both the capacities of vendors and the pick-up time for the MVSB system.
Oral Health in Children With Mental Health Problems
Authors: Nam Hyejin , Oh Yunhye
Published: August 2024

Despite the often-neglected association between mental health and oral health, their significant interaction highlights the necessity for integrated health care approaches, particularly for vulnerable populations, such as children with disabilities and patients with mental illness. This delineates the unique challenges faced by children with neurodevelopmental disorders and congenital syndromes, necessitating tailored interventions and heightened awareness among caregivers and health care providers. Further, maternal mental health has emerged as a pivotal determinant of oral health outcomes in children, underscoring the need for comprehensive support systems. Acknowledging and mitigating oral health implications within mental health frameworks is important to enhance the overall well-being and quality of life of individuals with mental health conditions.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2024;54(8):e235–e239.]
Conference Report: Academic Business Library Directors Annual Conferences 2023 & 2024
Authors: Seeman Corey
Published: August 2024

Combined conference reports for the Academic Business Library Directors (ABLD) meetings in 2023 and 2024.  The 2023 meeting took place May 9th through the 12th, 2023 at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois.  The 2024 meeting took place April 23rd through the 26th 2024 at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut.  The were the first two meetings held in person after the COVID-19 pandemic.
“Embracing Digital Transformation”
Authors: Reddy Seelam Manaswini , Jyothi Gudivada , Azhar Mohd
Published: August 2024

This chapter highlights digital marketing with special reference to wholesalers and retailers marketing specifically moving from website or email marketing to advanced marketing using artificial intelligence. They also discuss how such new technologies as AI, data analytics can be applied in a community. of electronic commerce has also impacted customer relations and business activities in a remarkable manner. From the analyzed text, one can conclude that the current trends are in omnichannel marketing, personalization, augmented reality, and virtual reality technologies. It ensures the transfer of information and skills on matters: data security, privacy concerns, organizational cultural transformation, among others. The chapter also illustrates how the following can be applied as a way of competitiveness improvement. This includes predictive analytics, artificial in inventory and supply chain, and digital identity. The curriculum also emphasizes the idea that marketing cannot be unethical, and that the notion of sustainability has to be discussed in the context of Internet age.
Blending Influence and E-Commerce
Authors: Chandratreya Abhijit
Published: August 2024

In the ever-evolving digital marketplace, the convergence of influence and e-commerce has emerged as a potent strategy for reshaping the way brands connect with consumers. “Blending Influence and E-Commerce: The Rise of Social Commerce Marketing” delves into the relationship between influencer marketing and online shopping platforms, exploring how businesses can harness the power of social media to drive sales and foster customer engagement. This chapter provides an in-depth analysis of the key components of social commerce, the role of influencers in shaping consumer behavior, and effective strategies for integrating influencer marketing into e-commerce initiatives. Readers will gain insights into leveraging popular social media platforms, employing data-driven approaches, and overcoming challenges to create authentic and impactful social commerce marketing campaigns. The chapter offers a comprehensive guide to navigating the dynamic landscape of social commerce marketing and capitalizing on the opportunities it presents for business growth and success.
Buyer´s Journey and Kolb's Learning Styles of the Centennials Related to E-Commerce
Authors: Lopez-Leyva Josue Aaron , Murillo-Aviña Gloria Janeth , Mellink-Méndez Sialia Karina , Beltrán-Rocha Lucia
Published: August 2024

The lack of knowledge of the Centennial generation's characteristics, particularly their learning styles, affects the B2C buyer's journey efficiency with research offering little insight into their relationship. This interdisciplinary research carries out a cross-sectional statistical analysis of the learning styles of the Centennial generation based on Kolb's theory (related to consumer behavior), intending to influence the design of strategies to improve the B2C buyer's journey efficiency. For this, a survey was carried out on 351 persons. This survey comprises 12 Statements related to Kolb's learning styles theory. As a result, it was found that the Centennial generation has two dominant learning styles, accommodating (LS1) and divergent (LS3). Considering the above, it is concluded that the Centennial generation prefers concrete experiences related to feeling (EL1). In addition, an interdisciplinary discussion is presented to relate the statistical findings to marketing, web design, consumer anthropology, and mathematical analysis disciplines. Finally, some theoretical and practical implications are presented concerning the B2C Centennials-buyer's journey efficiency.
Echoes of Sustainability Unravelling Green Purchase Intentions Through CSR and Eco-Advertising
Authors: Divyam Aditya Kumar , Jasrai Lokesh , Gupta Vishwas
Published: August 2024

The chapter investigates the complex relationships that exist among corporate social responsibility (CSR), eco-friendly advertisement (ECO-ADV), and green trust that influence green purchase intention (GPI) within the retail industry. These findings are of vital importance to CSR because they highlight the critical role that such an initiative can play in individual psychology, thereby influencing GPI, green satisfaction, and green trust. Although CSR and behavioral intention are positively related constructs, the effect of ECO-ADV seems weak, which can be interpreted as consumers valuing firms' actual commitments over their tendency to advertise them. The study shows the mediation effect of green trust in the relationship between CSR, ECO-ADV, and behavioral intention. Practical implications suggest that businesses should prioritise CSR programmes over transparency, promote eco-friendly advertising, and create customer relationships to boost GPI and sustainable behaviour.
What Lies Ahead for Marketing in Wholesale and Retailing
Authors: Tarnanidis Theodore
Published: August 2024

This chapter analyzes the future of marketing science in wholesaling and retailing. Based on the findings of the academic literature, it can argued that the future of marketing in wholesaling and retailing will be characterized by a blend of data-driven insights, technological innovation, personalized experiences, and a focus on sustainability and ethics. Success in this evolving landscape will require agility, adaptability, and a deep understanding of evolving consumer preferences and behaviors.
Transforming Financial Services Through Hyper-Personalization
Authors: Saxena Ankit , Muneeb Syed Mohd
Published: August 2024

The merging of artificial intelligence (AI) and data analytics is bringing about a hyper-personalized era that is radically changing the financial services sector. In order to provide highly personalized financial products and services, hyper-personalization makes use of artificial intelligence (AI) and data analytics to evaluate enormous volumes of data from many sources, such as transactional history, social media activity, and personal preferences. Financial organizations may provide highly relevant services by using machine learning algorithms and predictive analytics to uncover patterns and forecast client behavior. Hyper-personalization implementation, however, comes with a number of issues, such as data privacy problems, ethical issues, and the requirement for strong cybersecurity measures to safeguard sensitive client data. The increasing advancement of technology is anticipated to propel additional innovation in financial services by expanding the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and data analytics in hyper-personalization.
Security, Risk Management, and Ethical AI in the Future of DeFi
Authors: Eswaran Ushaa , Eswaran Vishal , Eswaran Vivek , Murali Keerthna
Published: August 2024

The intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and decentralized finance (DeFi) heralds a transformative era in the financial landscape, promising unprecedented efficiency, personalization, and innovation. However, this convergence also introduces significant challenges, particularly in the realms of security, risk management, and ethics. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive exploration of how AI-driven technologies can enhance security and risk management within DeFi ecosystems while addressing the ethical considerations essential for sustainable and responsible innovation. By analyzing current practices, future scenarios, and emerging trends, this chapter seeks to equip finance professionals, technologists, and decision-makers with actionable insights and strategies to navigate the complex dynamics of AI in DeFi. Through real-world case studies and best practices, readers will gain a robust understanding of the critical issues and solutions that will shape the future of secure, ethical, and resilient decentralized financial systems.
AI-Driven Fraud Detection and Prevention in Decentralized Finance
Authors: Narayan Madhusudan , Shukla Pooja , Kanth Rajeev
Published: August 2024

The chapter explores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in the realm of decentralized finance (DeFi), focusing on its application in fraud detection and prevention. Through an in-depth examination of AI-driven methodologies and techniques, particularly machine learning models, natural language processing (NLP), and graph analytics, this study explores how AI is reshaping the landscape of fraud detection within decentralized financial ecosystems. Using a conceptual framework, this study investigates the current state-of-the-art techniques employed in AI-driven fraud detection and prevention in DeFi. It examines the methodologies and applications driving the adoption of AI, elucidating its efficacy in identifying fraudulent activities and enhancing the security of DeFi platforms.
Unlocking the Potential of AI for Efficient Governance
Authors: Shaikh Zakir Hossen , Irfan Mohammad , Nomran Naji M. , Ratnakaram Satya Pavan Kumar
Published: August 2024

The rapid development and implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies will have significant economic, social, and ethical impacts. Efficient governance is essential to maximize AI's benefits while minimizing its risks. Bahrain is positioning itself as a fintech hub, with AI playing a central role in this transformation. Bahrain's smart governance efforts will be strengthened by integrating AI into public services. E-government efforts will use AI to streamline processes, improve citizen experience, and build a more responsive and efficient public administration. The study provides an overview of how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming various sectors in Bahrain with innovative approaches to boost productivity, better decision-making, and improve the general quality of services that may also impact the Bahraini economy. Bahrain continues to drive digital innovation, paving the way for a better and more prosperous future and sustainable development. Bahrain's digital transformation has been largely successful thanks to strong government measures.
An Educational Administration Innovation in the Digital Age and Sustainable Development
Authors: Wattanapanit Narat , Tanchaisak Krisda , Niyomves Busara , Kenaphoom Sanya
Published: August 2024

Educational administration uses strategic planning, policy development, and resource management to create effective learning environments. Digital transformation employs various tools such as artificial intelligence, big data, and learning management system technologies to enhance these initiatives. Sustainable development can help institutions better align with the goals of global sustainability. This essay explores the ways in which digital innovations in educational administration contribute to these goals. The findings demonstrate how integrating digital technologies has significantly advanced sustainability in education by improving efficacy, efficiency, and environmental management. However, problems like the digital divide and cybersecurity need to be fixed if we are to fully benefit from these advancements. In conclusion, despite the fact that digital innovations have greatly increased sustainability in education, resolving cybersecurity and digital divide issues is necessary for maximizing their benefits.
Education in the Digital Information Age
Authors: Peker Bilge , Acar Sema
Published: August 2024

Rapid developments in technology and the resulting changing needs require change and development in education and training activities. In this context, the aim of the study was determined to comprehensively examine education in the digital information age. Within the scope of the research, the digital transformation process, the digital transformation process in education, the basic issues experienced in the process, the reflections of innovative tools on education, as well as the differentiating roles of teachers and students were examined. An attempt has been made to present a comprehensive and holistic view on the subject by examining the learning models updated with the digital transformation in education and the concerns regarding the process. It is thought that this research, which aims to provide a comprehensive and holistic view on digital transformation in education, will increase knowledge and awareness about the process, make important contributions to educators, researchers, and policy makers.
Teacher Leadership and Change Management in the Digital Age
Authors: Erdener Mehmet Akif , Güneş Ahmet Melih , Yıldırım Bilal
Published: August 2024

Teaching, in its broadest sense, is a distinguished and specialized vocation demanding the capacity to both acquire and impart knowledge. Teachers disseminate their expertise and research to facilitate student learning while also staying abreast of global developments and setting an example for students and peers by perpetually renewing themselves. Nevertheless, a teacher attains true efficacy and leadership by continuously learning from colleagues, collaborating in learning, evolving together, and embracing innovation.
Assessment 21st Century Skills
Authors: Karakaya Ismail , Öç Umur
Published: August 2024

Expectations and structural changes in the business world have caused changes in education systems, curriculum, and methods and techniques used. As stated above, the 21st century skills that we frequently hear today cannot be said to be very new in terms of the skills they cover. For example, critical thinking, problem solving, and collaboration skills were frequently heard and prominent skills in the past. What makes these skills different from past to present is that the content of these skills has changed. While critical thinking skills were seen as a skill transferred to individuals in the past, in the definition of critical thinking defined within the 21st century skills, the paths to critical thinking are more important. In other words, nowadays, ways of knowing how to think critically are more important than knowing how to think critically.
Era of Digital Assessment in Early Childhood
Authors: Bayındır Dilan
Published: August 2024

This chapter focuses on digital assessment methods and tools used to assess young children's development and learning. It first discusses the basic principles and approaches of assessment in early childhood education. It then presents the principles, advantages, and examples of digital assessments. Technology has the potential to improve the assessment process, and this chapter has discussed this potential. Also, this chapter provides some examples of digital assessment tools that assess various skills in young children. Apart from standardized tests, digital versions of informal assessments and performance-based assessments are discussed.
Experiential Learning in Outdoor Environments
Authors: Gül Ayça Cirit
Published: August 2024

Children who develop a sense of curiosity begin to discover, question, investigate, and criticize new things. The new environments that students enter allow them to explore their curiosity and try to get to know and explore the environment. While exploring their environment, students research, question, criticize, ask, analyze, and construct/schematize new knowledge. From this point of view, purposefully structured environments for outdoor educational activities or unstructured environments for different purposes offer a rich learning space for students to develop these skills. In order to carry out activities in outdoor environments, it is essential to recognize these environments, to know how to design educational processes, to analyze the contribution of these activities to the development of different skills and learning of students, to adapt to developments in science and technology and to support them with technology, and to evaluate the process holistically.
Organizational Citizenship in Building School Climate
Authors: Çelik Hande
Published: August 2024

The concept of school climate, which means that each school has its own unique atmosphere, is associated with many organizational variables. Organizational citizenship is one of them. Organizational citizenship is formed by the voluntarily positive behaviors of employees in an organization to increase the welfare of the organization. From the teachers' and students' perspective, organizational citizenship is the willingness to take actions to benefit the welfare of the school without any expectation of self-interest. There is a correlation between organizational citizenship behaviors and their attitudes towards school climate. It can be said that a positive school climate increases organizational citizenship behaviors.
Design Optimization and Reliability Evaluation in 1.2 kV SiC Trench MOSFET with Deep P Structure
Authors: Lee Kwang Won , Choi Jake , Seo Young Ho , Park Kyeong Seok , Domeij Martin , Allerstam Fredrik
Published: August 2024

In this paper, 1.2 kV SiC trench MOSFET with deep P structure has been proposed to effectively shield the trench bottom oxide. The various design splits, such as N concentration between deep P and deep P to trench distance, were experimentally evaluated and TCAD simulations were performed to extract maximum oxide electric field at trench bottom. Based on trade off results, critical design parameters were optimized to obtain low Rdson and stable breakdown voltage with acceptable oxide electric field. To evaluate trench gate oxide reliability in wafer level, gate oxide integrity (GOI/Vramp), charge to breakdown (QBD), and time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) tests were conducted. Also, high temperature gate bias (HTGB) and high temperature reverse bias (HTRB) stress tests were carried out for assembled samples to compare device reliability depending on different designs. For the target design, the promising reliability results were confirmed in both wafer level and assembled samples.
Investigation of Threshold Voltage Instability and Bipolar Degradation in 3.3 kV Conventional Body Diode and Embedded SBD SiC MOSFET
Authors: Krishna Murthy Hithiksha , Lim Jang Kwon , Bakowski Mietek
Published: August 2024

The 3.3 kV SiC MOSFETs are essential for traction applications, so it is important to investigate the reliability of the recently developed high voltage MOSFETs and power modules as they are believed to be more susceptible to the effects of basal plane dislocations (BPDs). This paper presents measurement results and analysis of bipolar degradation and threshold voltage instability in 3.3 kV SiC MOSFETs having two distinct kinds of integrated diode, conventional body diode and embedded Schottky Barrier Diode (SBD). No bipolar degradation was observed both in MOSFET with conventional body diode and with embedded SBD after accumulated test with 100 hours each of 200%, 400% and 600% rated current stress in the 3rd quadrant of operation. However, the output characteristics show 1% (~0.2 mΩ) and 2% (~0.4 mΩ) increase in on resistance (RDS(on)) and 11% (0.23 V) and 5% (0.1 V) increase in threshold voltage (VTH), respectively, after total bipolar degradation test in the case of the MOSFET with conventional body diode and up to 74 hrs of 600% rated current stress in the case of the MOSFET with embedded SBD at 70°C. A rapid large negative VTH shift was observed in the MOSFETs with embedded SBD after ~ 74 hrs of 600% rated current stress. After accumulated Bias Temperature Instability (BTI) test at 150°C, the VTH value at 25°C has increased by 9.7% (0.14 V) and 14.5% (0.2 V) for the MOSFET with conventional body diode and with embedded SBD, respectively, while RDS(on) increased by 1mΩ at 25°C and by 5mΩ at 150°C, for both types of MOSFETs.
AFM-sMIM Characterization of the Recombination-Enhancing Buffer Layer for Bipolar Degradation Free SiC MOSFETs
Authors: Germanicus Rosine Coq , Phulpin Tanguy , Niskanen Kimmo , Michez Alain , Lüders Ulrike
Published: August 2024

Due to the expansion of defects like single Shockley-type Stacking Faults inside the SiC epitaxial drift layer, during high current stress, classical SiC MOSFETs can be victims of the degradation of their electrical characteristics. The introduction of an epitaxial SiC buffer layer between the substrate and the n- drift epilayer, called recombination-enhancing buffer layer, was shown to avoid this degradation. In this paper, TCAD simulations of the electrical behavior of such a commercial SiC MOSFET device with varying buffer layer thickness are studied, indicating only small modifications of the electrical characteristics. These simulations are combined with the characterization of the local electrical properties using an AFM-sMIM technique, allowing to determine the real thickness of the different layers of the device. These measurements highlight an inhomogeneous conductivity in the SiC substrate, being probably compensated by the introduction of the SiC buffer layer.
Early-Stage Reliability Evaluation of Passivation Stack and Termination Designs in SiC MPS Diodes
Authors: Momeni Davood , Mazzillo Massimo , Laha Sibasish , Sani M. Sazrin B. Abd. , Urresti Jesus , Dai Tian Xiang , Liguda Christian , Habenicht Soenke
Published: August 2024

We present an early-stage reliability evaluation approach to assess the impact of surface charges in the passivation overcoat (PO) film layers. This is obtained by applying a so-called accelerated wafer-level reverse breakdown voltage stability test in combination with wafer-level static and Van der Pauw measurements. Here, we applied this approach on 4H-SiC merged PiN Schottky diodes with a single-zone junction termination extension fabricated by using different border doses and PO stacks. Accordingly, the correlation between design parameters and the influence of surface charges can be quickly identified, leading to reduced cycle time and enhanced product reliability by optimizing the design of the JTE parameters already in the development phase. This study supports diodes and MOSFETs product manufacturing with an efficient optimization approach to address design and process impacts toward acquiring long-term lifetime demanded in automotive and industrial applications.
Dynamic On-State Resistance and Threshold-Voltage Instability in SiC MOSFETs
Authors: Lelis Aivars J. , Green Jr. Ronald , Habersat Daniel B. , Urciuoli Damian P. , Schroen Erik S.
Published: August 2024

Dynamic on-state resistance has been experimentally observed in all commercially-available SiC MOSFETs studied on the time scale of normal device operation, and can be explained by the presence of dynamic threshold-voltage instability. The magnitude of this dynamic on-state resistance varies from vendor to vendor, but in every case this magnitude generally corresponds to the magnitude of that device’s threshold-voltage instability, as described by standard textbook equations-especially in the case of large threshold-voltage instabilities.
Reliability of SiC MOSFETs in the High Cycle Fatigue Regime under Fast Power Pulses
Authors: Schwabe Christian , Seltner Niklas , Basler Thomas
Published: August 2024

Device reliability is an important factor in application, especially in the field of electric mobility. In this paper high cycle fatigue power cycling results of SiC devices in baseplate free modules are presented. To minimize testing time, the devices were stressed with load pulses corresponding to a 50 Hz load. The reliability results are the first fatigue results for temperature swings below 30 K for SiC devices. The lifetime in the high cycle fatigue area is limited by solder fatigue for high virtual junction temperatures of 150 °C. In theory, the reliability should increase exponential since the elastic-plastic transition area is reached. The experiment revealed that the lifetime can still be described by the Coffin-Manson approach also in the high cycle fatigue area. It can be observed that the high junction temperatures weaken the stability of the solder layer, so no major lifetime increase can develop. The measured temperature data are additionally corrected by a three-dimensional (3D) simulation to ensure a validity of the results.
Airworthiness Certification of Ethernet-Based Networks as a System
Authors:   TTTech North America Inc, Finnegan Daniel , Mustillo Michael , Zischka Wolfram
Published: August 2024

To this point in aviation history, a typical aircraft type certification program has focused on the constituent systems that make up the aircraft, decomposing them further and further down until reaching their elemental parts and how they interact. This approach has traditionally treated the actual communication technology as only an interface, with technology and implementation based on a decision between multiple stakeholders via an ICD and high-level requirements. This has been necessary to ensure the accurate and on-time delivery of safety-critical data between nodes. When using legacy point-to-point or bus-based data communication technologies like ARINC 429 or MIL-STD-1553, this approach has worked well enough as these technologies are relatively straightforward and proven technologies. However, as onboard bandwidth needs for safety-critical data increase, these legacy technologies are increasingly no longer capable of meeting the needs of system integrators. Ubiquitous, high-bandwidth Ethernet is the obvious solution to these needs and, indeed, it has been used for quite some time in onboard networking applications for low Development Assurance Level (DAL)/non-safety critical data. However, as Ethernet moves into high-DAL applications, the certification of the Ethernet network itself becomes a major complexity that must be addressed directly.