bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Taurine Supplementation in Obesity: Stimulating Fats to Burn in Cellular Power Plants
Authors: Heidari Reza , Ommati M. Mehdi
Published: April 2023

With changes in lifestyle and eating habits, obesity is a significant health
issue, especially in developed countries. Obesity could be induced by an imbalance
between energy expenditure and energy intake. Obesity harms several body organs’
functions by causing impairments in vital intracellular organelles such as mitochondria.
Meanwhile, it has been found that chronic inflammation and oxidative stress could
induce mitochondrial impairment in various tissues of obese individuals. On the other
hand, it has been revealed that there is a negative correlation between obesity and
taurine (TAU) biosynthesis. In the current chapter, we tried to present a good body of
evidence on the role of mitochondria in various types of fatty tissues, including white
adipose tissues (WAT), brown adipose tissues (BAT), and beige/brite/inducible/brown like adipose tissues (bAT). We also highlighted the effects of TAU on mitochondria
related signaling in adipocytes. The data collected in this chapter could help develop
new strategies for preventing and treating obesity and its associated complications. 
The Importance of Appropriate Taurine Formulations to Target Mitochondria
Authors: Heidari Reza , Ommati M. Mehdi
Published: April 2023

As repeatedly mentioned in the current book, taurine (TAU) is a very
hydrophilic molecule. Hence, the passage of this amino acid through the physiological
barriers (e.g., blood-brain barrier; BBB) is weak. In this context, experimental and
clinical studies that mentioned the positive effects of TAU on CNS disorders
administered a high dose of this amino acid (e.g., 12 g/day). For example, in an animal
model of hepatic encephalopathy, we administered 1 g/kg of TAU to hyperammonemic
rats to preserve their brain energy status and normalize their locomotor activity. In
some cases, where anticonvulsant effects of TAU were evaluated; also, and a high dose
of this amino acid was used (150 mg/kg). In other circumstances, such as investigations
on the reproductive system, the blood-testis barrier (BTB) could act as an obstacle to
the bioavailability of TAU. On the other hand, recent studies mentioned the importance
of targeted delivery of molecules to organelles such as mitochondria. These data
mention the importance of appropriate formulations of this amino acid to target brain
tissue as well as cellular mitochondria. Perhaps, TAU failed to show significant and
optimum therapeutic effects against human disease (e.g., neurological disorders)
because of its inappropriate drug delivery system. Therefore, targeting tissues such as
the brain with appropriate TAU-containing formulations is critical. The current chapter
discusses possible formulations for bypassing physiological barriers (e.g., blood-brain
barrier; BBB or BTB) and effectively targeting subcellular compartments with TAU.
These data could help develop effective formulations for managing human diseases
(e.g., CNS disorders or infertility issues in men).
Internal displacement of the Venezuelan population in Ecuador
Authors: Cedeño-Cedeño Elvia Mariana , Toala-Arcentales Galvin Antonio
Published: April 2023

In order to determine the main theories and explanations of international migration on the migratory human flow of the Venezuelan population to Ecuador, who are forced to move to other countries in the world. The phenomenon of emigration is very old as the very existence of the human being, the flow of various people who go to Ecuador in recent years has increased; It is necessary to carry out a deep analysis, a detailed and supported study that is permissible to understand the national and international migratory reality, the consequences that the Ecuadorian government implies to attend this human wave with the productive, legal apparatus, based on internal regulations, treaties and international conventions. The objective is to identify the reasons and consequences of the Venezuelan individual and their internal displacement in the country, the documentary-bibliographical review was applied to know the different causes of migration, in addition to the quantitative and qualitative method that helped to assess the causes of This to be clear about the complexity of the issue and the migration structure.
Towards enhancing teaching and learning computer programming in Saudi Arabia
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia, Haruna Ahmed Abba
Published: April 2023

Globally, numerous students struggle with understanding computer programming, which is one of the most difficult courses in the computer science curriculum as stated in the literature. This is especially true in a diverse learning environment where students come from different disciplinary backgrounds, language skills, and cultures. Hence, to improve on the aforementioned challenges, another research introduces a framework that combines constructivist and collaborative learning theories with a student-centered teaching pedagogy for teaching postgraduate introductory programming classes at Central Queensland University, Australia. However, the framework will not work effectively when teaching computer programming courses to undergraduate students in Saudi Arabia. This is due to geographical differences, study levels, negative emotional issues, and stress affecting students' learning. Such as students' first view that programming is difficult, or the difference between students' and teachers' perspectives on learning (disciplinary backgrounds, language skills, and cultures). Therefore, this paper proposed a student-centered learning and teaching method that combines constructive alignment (consistency), collaborative learning theory (collaboration, conception, and cognition), and bits of Maslow's theory (love/belonging and self-actualization) in a student-centered teaching pedagogy. The research findings reveal that when using the existing method to teach Introduction to Computing-II (Object Oriented Programming in Java) at the University of Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia, only 87.5% of students passed the course, while 12.5% failed. However, when using the proposed method 95.2% of the students passed the course, while only 4.8% failed. Thus, the proposed method clearly shows significant improvement, with the failure rate reducing from 12.5% to only 4.8%.
Plane wave diffraction on a layer of asymmetric hyperbolic metamaterial
Authors: Davidovich M. V.
Published: April 2023

We consider the diffraction of a plane wave on a layer of symmetric hyperbolic metamaterial made of metal and SiO2 layers. It is shown that the reflection coefficient depends not only on the angle of incidence, but also on the direction of incidence relative to the anisotropy axis. In an arbitrary fall, a plate of an asymmetric hyperbolic metamaterial creates scattered waves of both polarizations. Keywords: hyperbolic metamaterial, diffraction, effective permittivity tensor, homogenization.
Peculiarities of Photoelectron Spectra of Ge Implanted with Na-=SUP=-+-=/SUP=- Ions
Authors: Abraeva S. T.  , Tashmukhamedova D. A.  , Yusupjanova M. B.  , Umirzakov B. E.
Published: April 2023

Using the methods of Auger electron and photoelectron spectroscopy and light absorption spectroscopy, the composition, densities of state of electrons in the valence band, and parameters of the energy bands of Ge (111) implanted with Na+ ions with an energy of E0=0.5 keV at a dose of Dsat=6· 1016 cm-2 and a thin layer of NaGe2 obtained by annealing ion-implanted Ge. It is shown that a narrow n-type band (~ 0.2 eV) appears in the Ge valence electron spectrum after ion implantation near the bottom of the conduction band, which is explained by the presence of a large number of unbound Na atoms in the ion-implanted layer. NaGe2 nanofilms with a band gap of ~ 0.45 eV was obtained for the first time by annealing ion-implanted Ge. Keywords: nanostructure, photoelectrons, Auger electron spectroscopy, absorption spectrum, hybridized states, electron state densities, ion implantation.
Theoretical dependence of the target threshold sputtering energy on the incidence angle of primary ions
Authors: Pustovit A.N.
Published: April 2023

To calculate the angular dependence of the threshold sputtering energy on the ratio of the target masses and incident ions, the target surface blocking phenomenon is used. It is established that the angular dependence of the threshold sputtering energy varies inversely proportional to the cosine of the incidence angle of the primary beam on the target (the angle is measured from the normal to the target surface) to power s/2 (s is a power exponent in the interaction potential of colliding particles). A comparison with the literature data is carried out. Keywords: sputtering, threshold energy, shading cone, angle of ions incidence.
Atmospheric pressure discharge sustained by millimeter radiation in a waveguide plasmatron
Authors: Mansfeld D. A.  , Vodopyanov A. V.  , Sintsov S. V.  , Chekmarev N. V.  , Preobrazhensky E. I.  , Viktorov M. E.
Published: April 2023

In the developed waveguide plasmatron with combined gas influx, a nonequilibrium discharge maintained at atmospheric pressure by continuous microwave gyrotron radiation at 24 GHz was obtained and studied for the first time. It is shown that in the regime of argon discharge stabilization by carbon dioxide flow the temperature of electrons is 0.2-0.3 eV at gas temperature 1200-1500 K and the electron density does not exceed the cutoff value for the heating frequency in a wide power range. Keywords: microwave heating, atmospheric pressure discharge, nonequilibrium plasma, gyrotron.
GaN field-effect transistor with efficient heat dissipation on Si substrate
Authors: Lukashin V. M  , Pashkovskii A. B.  , Pashkovskaya I. V.
Published: April 2023

A simple design of a GaN field-effect transistor on a Si substrate with efficient heat removal through polydiamond layers formed on the walls of grounding holes is proposed. According to calculations, as a result of the introduction of such a heat sink with the same average distance between the gate sections, the maximum temperature in the channel of the GaN transistor on the Si substrate decreases significantly and becomes comparable to the maximum temperature in the channel of the GaN transistor on the SiC substrate.. Keywords: GaN FET, ground hole, channel temperature, polydiamond.
Active coplanar transmission line based on double-barrier GaAs/AlAs resonant tunneling diodes
Authors: Sobolev A. S.  , Pavlov A. Yu.  , Maytama M. V.  , Glinskiy I. A.  , Ponomarev D. S.  , Spirin K. E.  , Zhmud B. A.  , Khabibullin R. A.
Published: April 2023

Double-barrier GaAs/AlAs resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) have become the promising elements for the development of sub-mm and THz emitters. We report on the fabrication of the RTD samples that were characterized via RF-reflectometry to determine the parameters of its equivalent circuit. By using numerical simulation we show that the coplanar transmission line with the RTD under study provides an amplification up to 8 GHz. Keywords: Resonant tunneling diodes, active microstrip transmission lines, distributed emitters, diodes with double metal contacts.
Dynamics of coupled quasiperiodic generator and Rossler system
Authors: Kuznetsov A.P.  , Sedova Yu.V.
Published: April 2023

The interaction of a system with quasi-periodic autonomous dynamics and a chaotic system (Rossler system) is considered. The behavior of Lyapunov exponents is studied to identify possible types of system dynamics: chaos with additional zero Lyapunov exponents, three-frequency and two-frequency quasi-periodic regimes, periodic oscillations and the mode of oscillation death. Keywords: quasi-periodic oscillations, dynamical chaos, Rossler system, Lyapunov exponents.
Influence of location of submerged impact microjets on convective heat transfer during cooling of a heat-stressed surface by water and dielectric liquid
Authors: Kuznetsov V. V.  , Shamirzaev A. S.  , Mordovskoy A. S.
Published: April 2023

Heat transfer during cooling of a heat-stressed surface in a small-sized channel by an annular and distributed array of flooded impact microjets of water and dielectric liquid Novec 7100 has been experimentally studied. The experimental setup is a copper block cooled by an array of microjets from nozzles with a diameter of 174, 327 μm and located at a distance of 1 mm from the surface. It has been established that the use of localized arrays of microjets makes it possible to obtain effective cooling of a heat-stressed surface with pumping energy comparable to energy costs for distributed microjets. Keywords: convective heat transfer, impact microjet, water, dielectric liquid.
Features of focusing of a laser beam of laser ablation in supercritical carbo dioxidem
Authors: Epifanov E. O.  , Rybaltovsky A. O.  , Minaev N. V.  , Yusupov V. I.
Published: April 2023

features of the phenomena of a laser nanosecond radiation In supercritical carbon dioxide are revealed. It is shown that the presence of a supercritical fluid leads to the expansion of the structures formed on the target in comparison with the air media. It has been suggested that the resulting magnification effect is due to the defocusing of the system, which causes the formation of the lens impact. Obtaining useful results is possible with the use of various technologies of laser ablation and microstructuring in supercritical fluids. Keywords: nanosecond laser radiation, supercritical fluid, metal target, fluctuations.
The Association Between Mobile App Use and Change in Functional Capacity Among Cardiac Rehabilitation Participants: Cohort Study
Authors: Oclaman Janah May , Murray Michelle L , Grandis Donald J , Beatty Alexis L
Published: April 2023

Background

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is underused in the United States and globally, with participation disparities across gender, socioeconomic status, race, and ethnicities. The pandemic led to greater adoption of telehealth CR and mobile app use.

Objective

Our primary objective was to estimate the association between CR mobile app use and change in functional capacity from enrollment to completion in patients participating in a CR program that offered in-person, hybrid, and telehealth CR. Our secondary objectives were to study the association between mobile app use and changes in blood pressure (BP) or program completion.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of participants enrolled in CR at an urban CR program in the United States. Participants were English speaking, at least 18 years of age, participated in the program between May 22, 2020, and May 21, 2022, and downloaded the CR mobile app. Mobile app use was quantified by number of exercise logs, vitals logs, and education material views. The primary outcome was change in functional capacity, measured by change in 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) from enrollment to completion. The secondary outcome was change in BP from enrollment to completion. We estimated associations using multivariable linear or logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status by ZIP code, insurance, and primary diagnosis for CR referral.

Results

A total of 107 participants (mean age 62.9, SD 13.02 years; 90/107, 84.1% male; and 57/105, 53.3% self-declared as White Caucasian) used the mobile app and completed the CR program. Participants had a mean 64.0 (SD 54.1) meter increase in 6MWD between enrollment and completion (P<.001). From enrollment to completion, participants with an elevated BP at baseline (≥130/80 mmHg) experienced a significant decrease in BP (systolic BP –11.5 mmHg; P=.002 and diastolic BP –7.7 mmHg; P=.003). We found no significant association between total app interactions and change in 6MWD (coefficient –0.03, 95% CI –0.1 to 0.07; P=.59) or change in BP (systolic coefficient 0.002, 95% CI –0.03 to 0.03; P=.87 and diastolic coefficient –0.005, 95% CI –0.03 to 0.02; P=.65). There was no significant association between total exercise logs and change in 6MWD (coefficient 0.1, 95% CI –0.3 to 0.4; P=.57) or total BP logs and change in BP (systolic coefficient –0.02, 95% CI –0.1 to 0.06; P=.63 and diastolic coefficient –0.02, 95% CI –0.09 to 0.04; P=.50). There was no significant association between total app interactions and completion of CR (adjusted odds ratio 1.00, 95% CI 0.99-1.01; P=.44).

Conclusions

CR mobile app use as part of an in-person, hybrid, or telehealth CR program was not associated with greater improvement in functional capacity or BP or with program completion.
Editor’s Page
Authors: Ivanov D.D.
Published: April 2023

No abstract
Monitoring and features of antibiotic resistance during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bezruk V.V. , Ivanov D.D. , Shkrobanets I.D.
Published: April 2023

Background. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an urgent problem in nephrology. The current state of antibiotic resistance to antimicrobial drugs complicates the empirical choice of antibacterial therapy, and indications for the use of antimicrobial drugs are not always clinically justified. The purpose of the study: to compare the antibiotic resistance of the main groups of UTI pathogens during coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020–2022 with the results of 2014–2016 monitoring among children of the Chernivtsi region. Materials and methods. Urine samples were collected from 657 children (0–17 years old) who received specialized medical care in health care institutions of the Chernivtsi region (2014–2016). During 2020–2022, a clinical and laboratory examination of 180 children (0–17 years old) was conducted. Results. The results of the monitoring proved the wave-like nature of changes in antibiotic resistance to semi-synthetic penicillins and cephalosporins with the maintenance of a sufficient level of sensitivity to these antimicrobial drugs among the main groups of UTI pathogens; the data obtained give reason to suggest a negative trend to increasing resistance to fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines over time (2020–2022 — the period of the COVID-19 pandemic); a multidirectional and time-dependent differences were revealed in sensitivity to aminoglycosides: gentamicin, amikacin and kanamycin in children of Chernivtsi region, as well as a negative trend to increasing the share of carbapenem-resistant strains of uropathogens — 55.8 ± 5.1 % (imipenem — χ2 = 5.432; p = 0.020). Conclusions. The monitoring results indicate the need to comply with standards in the provision of medical care (prescribing antibacterial therapy taking into account the data of regional monitoring on antibiotic resistance to antimicrobial drugs), administration of antimicrobial drugs in health care institutions that provide medical care in outpatient and inpatient settings. High level of antibiotic resistance of UTI uropathogens to carbapenems (2020–2022), used for the treatment of severe bacterial infections, requires their exclusively targeted prescription in everyday pediatric practice.
Hyperurikemia in chronic kidney disease stage 4 — the issue of suitability of urate-lowering therapy
Authors: Melnyk I.I.
Published: April 2023

For almost 20 years, the issue of hyperuricemia has been studied in nephrology, rheumatology, cardiology, endocrinology, and neurology areas of medicine. In all countries of the world, new aspects of this clinical symptom are being revealed almost simultaneously, some facts are being disproved, and updated practical recommendations are being implemented. The main medical axiom now is that hyperuricemia is a symptom of chronic kidney disease (CKD) of any stage, but the pathogenetic mechanisms of the effect of a high uric acid level on kidney function are not known for sure. It is necessary to correct its level under certain clinical and laboratory criteria in order to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and the risk of increased mortality, to influence the course of diabetes and possibly prevent obesity. There are still a lot of questions and unexplained facts. For example, what is the role of hyperuricemia in CKD, what level of uric acid reduction is safe and appropriate? What is the causal relationship between uric acid levels and CKD progression? Is the treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia effective for absolutely all patients? Is a differentiated approach to lowering the level of uric acid necessary depending on the stage of CKD? When should one take into account the physiological positive effect of hyperuricemia on kidney and vascular cells and not prescribe urate-lowering therapy? Our observation of two patients, which took place within the randomized patient-oriented study “Development of technology to preserve kidney function in patients with CKD and hyperuricemia”, does not provide direct answers to all these questions, but allows us to assume that hyperuricemia can be compensatory for kidney function, and it will not always be appropriate to actively reduce its level. The article aims to draw attention to the fact that when hyperuricemia causes hyperfiltration to preserve kidney function, lowering its level may be inappropriate for absolutely all patients. And maybe in certain conditions and individual clinical situation, the doctor has the option not to prescribe this type of therapy without negative consequences for kidney function.
The Benefits of Preemptive Transplantation Using High–Kidney Donor Profile Index Kidneys
Authors: Kadatz Matthew J. , Gill Jagbir , Gill Justin , Lan James H. , McMichael Lachlan C. , Chang Doris T. , Gill John S.
Published: April 2023

Background

The Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) is a percentile score summarizing the likelihood of allograft failure: A KDPI ≥85% is associated with shorter allograft survival, and 50% of these donated kidneys are not currently used for transplantation. Preemptive transplantation (transplantation without prior maintenance dialysis) is associated with longer allograft survival than transplantation after dialysis; however, it is unknown whether this benefit extends to high-KDPI transplants. The objective of this analysis was to determine whether the benefit of preemptive transplantation extends to recipients of transplants with a KDPI ≥85%.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study compared the post-transplant outcomes of preemptive and nonpreemptive deceased donor kidney transplants using data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. 120,091 patients who received their first, kidney-only transplant between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2017, were studied, including 23,211 with KDPI ≥85%. Of this cohort, 12,331 patients received a transplant preemptively. Time-to-event models for the outcomes of allograft loss from any cause, death-censored graft loss, and death with a functioning transplant were performed.

Results

Compared with recipients of nonpreemptive transplants with a KDPI of 0%–20% as the reference group, the risk of allograft loss from any cause in recipients of a preemptive transplant with KDPI ≥85% (hazard ratio [HR], 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39 to 1.64) was lower than that in recipients of nonpreemptive transplant with a KDPI ≥85% (HR, 2.39; 95% CI, 2.21 to 2.58) and similar to that of recipients of a nonpreemptive transplant with a KDPI of 51%–84% (HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.52 to 1.70).

Conclusions

Preemptive transplantation is associated with a lower risk of allograft failure, irrespective of KDPI, and preemptive transplants with KDPI ≥85% have comparable outcomes with nonpreemptive transplants with KDPI 51%–84%.
COVID-19, Spatial Social Distance and Relative Poverty Governance
Authors: Zijian Cao , Lei Sheng
Published: April 2023

The sudden global outbreak of the new crown pneumonia epidemic at the end of 2019 has caused a huge impact on the world’s economic and social development. It has also brought new challenges to the governance of relative poverty in China. This paper compares the connotation and characteristics of relative poverty, and argues that relative poverty mainly encompasses three levels: income, viability and rights. Starting from the perspective of maintaining spatial social distance, the main strategy to prevent and control the new crown epidemic, the paper explores the inner influence mechanism of relative poverty governance in the prevention and control of the epidemic, and concludes that maintaining spatial social distance has a series of impacts from poverty alleviation, including poor agricultural production and marketing, relatively poor educational facilities, difficult operation of rural scenic spots, hindered non-agricultural employment and work, relocation facing unemployment, and obvious social psychological anxiety. Accordingly, the following measures are proposed to address relative poverty management with digital economy tools as the main orientation: innovate digital production and marketing matching mechanisms, improve online education infrastructure, launch digital cloud tourism dual-line experience, strengthen digital economy employment traction, and cultivate digital social information literacy, etc.
The Domestic Private Investment in Ethiopia: Contribution, Constraints, Trends and Determinants
Authors: Ruey Chuol Jock
Published: April 2023

The intended purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution, constraints, trends and determinants of private domestic investment in Ethiopia by taking annual data set of 34 years spanning from 1987-2021. The objective was achieved by collecting secondary data. Accordingly, domestics private investment has contributed a lot for the growth of the national economic despite the constrains. The domestic private investment in Ethiopia has faced severe trend due to trends in economics system in the country, i.e., pre-1974, 1974-1991 and Post 1991. The determining factors in this study included private investment, foreign direct investment, inflation rate, access to credit, GDP per capita, lending interest rate, human capital, exchange rate, public investment, taxation and political stability. Accordingly, GDP per-capital, political stability, public investment and lending interest rate have significant positive long run effect on private investment, while human capital and exchange rate have negative long run effect. Public investment and political stability have positive significant effect while lending interest rate and exchange rate have negative significant effect in the short run. Finally, expansion of infrastructure, increasing income generation mechanism for citizens, appreciation of domestic currency and creating fertile investment climate are some of the recommendations forwarded.
Determinants Of Rural Household Savings In Gambella: The Case of Nuer Zone, Gambella People’s National Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: RUEY CHUOL JOCK
Published: April 2023

The planning element of saving, especially in rural areas of Ethiopia, is in its infancy, and little is known empirically about its determinants. Saving as a planning variable, influences both individual wellbeing and that of the country as a whole. The purpose of this research was to identify the types of savings that rural households used and the key factors that determine their savings. Descriptive and exploratory research designs, as well as a mixed approach, were used to accomplish the study’s objectives. Cross-sectional data from both primary and secondary sources were gathered from 370 sample homes using questionnaires, interviews, and the internet. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data that had been gathered. Finally, it was determined that rural household saving is still in its infancy in rural communities of the Nuer Zone and that the only unimportant variables in determining rural household saving are sex, age, and marital status. Rural household saving is motivated by the desire to save money for immediate consumption.
Review on Sustainable Development of Space Vehicles
Authors: Wishwakarma Shreya N , Dingore Atharva N
Published: April 2023

Abstract: As humanity is moving towards becoming a multi-planetary civilization, it is very important to make efficient use of resources available on our planet first and then head towards exploiting the resources of another celestial body. It is also important to cause minimum harm to the space environment around our planet as well as the planetary atmosphere. Advancement in conventional rocket fuel is one of the ways to optimize the consumption of fuel during a space launch but it cannot always be feasible. Finding cheaper alternatives like Biofuels can also be a significant point of discussion. Such fuels can be naturally obtained without much harm to the environment and they can be as effective as conventional rocket fuel. For complete sustainability, not only internal changes but also external changes should be considered. To attain space sustainability, we need to follow a technology-driven approach while considering the cost and effective management of the space missions. This paper is a review of various techniques involved in the sustainable development of space vehicles, and effects of existing techniques involved during the launch of the space vehicle.
Transformation of Sound Energy into Electrical Energy Using IoT
Authors: Jubedha B. S. , Reddy K. V. Siva Prasad , Varshitha B. , Chandrika G. Raga , Teja N. Chandra
Published: April 2023

Abstract: The world is expanding more and more rapidly and we have a lot of energy in bondage. Energy is in distinct forms i.e noise energy, electrical energy, mechanical energy, etc. Energy cannot be generated or demolished but it can be transformed from one energy formation into further. However, we are rapidly expanding and finding a solution to this situation. Now a days noise energy is considered one of the biggest problems in big cities and it cannot be controlled or reduced but they can be used as energy resources. And this noise energy can be used to bring about energy. Factories, industries, vehicles, airports, etc. cause a lot of sound energy. We modify this sound energy into electrical energy. Now a days, Electrical energy source play a foremost role. So, we require additional electrical energy as world population increasing rapidly, especially renewable resources, pure and clean energy sources. Non-renewable energy sources are in short supply. So, we need to utilise the renewable energy resource very carefully. And one of the main mottos of this project is the produced electrical energy is used to reduce the accidents in the deep curve hill station areas by detecting the vehicles. And also, we can use this produced electrical energy in street lights. This project describes work done on conversion techniques and methods used to convert noise energy to corresponding electrical energy
Automatic Timetable Generation
Authors: Uma P. , Sharvesh P. S. , Pradeep M. , Sathishkumar P. , Senthilnathan R.
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Generating a timetable manually for educational institutions can be a tedious task for educators, as each grade has a predefined education scheme and faculty workload that needs to be taken into account. The challenge lies in preparing a timetable that does not overlap with the schedules of the faculty members and can efficiently utilize all available resources. To overcome these difficulties, our project proposes the use of algorithms such as Evolutionary Algorithm, Tabu Search, Simulated Annealing, and scatter search. The proposed system will take inputs such as grade-wise subjects, teachers, and workload, and generate a possible timetable for the working days of the week. The system will integrate these inputs to make optimal use of all resources while adhering to the predefined constraints. This will help overcome the constraints that appear in the manual timetable generation process, resulting in timetables for any number of courses and grades. The implementation of this proposed system will provide a dynamic solution with the best approach, making it easier for educationalists to manage and set timetables. It will eliminate the complexity of manually generating and managing timetables, providing an efficient and effective solution to this challenging task
Digital Marketing and Its Impacts on Small Businesses in India
Authors: B. S. Ms. Babitha
Published: April 2023

Abstract: This project aims to investigate how online/digital marketing affects small firms' performance. In addition, looking into ambiance's current social media strategies to eventually decide how to contact the target audience. Identifying the platforms and technologies used by current small enterprises is also important. And those companies that use web marketing are productive in it. We are interested to examine if our present marketing strategies are effectively reaching as many clients as possible because we are aware that the target audience is expanding as a result of new technological advancements. By conducting a survey focused on social media and email usage, we will be able to determine which strategy is most successful and efficient for our company. Planning a poll that emphasizes social media and email usage will allow us to determine which approach is more successful and beneficial for our target demographic. Because of the broad age range of our clientele, asking customers where they desire to see a company's promotion is appropriate for ambiance and other small enterprises as well.
An Application for E-Certificate Verification and Validation using Blockchain
Authors: Pampana Harika
Published: April 2023

Abstract: According to statistics from the Indian Ministry of Education, there are roughly one million graduates each year. Some of them will continue their education at high schools or university institutions while others will be prepared to find employment.
Challenges in Applying a Student-Centred Approach to E-Learning for Islamic Education in Primary Schools during the Pandemic Covid-19: Preliminary Data Analysis
Authors: Tengku Kasim Tengku Sarina Aini , Mohd Noor Nur Eliza , Md Yusoff Yusmini
Published: April 2023

COVID-19 pandemic has changed the world significantly in various sectors and industries, including the educational sector. For example, traditional classroom learning, which is more teacher-centred, is being replaced by e-learning, which takes a student-centred approach. However, this approach is considered distinct from the teaching and learning practice of Islamic Education taught in the classroom before the pandemic. This sudden shift presents a significant challenge to Islamic Education teachers to apply more student-centred e-learning. According to the literature review, several issues arose when Islamic Education e-learning was implemented, such as low student engagement, few active students, little student feedback, and high student dropout rates. Thus, this preliminary study examined the challenges of implementing the student-centred approach to e-learning for Islamic Education in primary schools. This study adopted a qualitative design with an in-depth interview involving Islamic Education teachers in primary schools. The study’s findings revealed that the research informants continuously implemented the student-centred approach even when the country was struck by the COVID-19 pandemic, despite facing challenges, especially in student personality development. Moreover, the findings suggest that teachers must better comprehend and implement a more creative student-centred approach in e-learning to align with 21st-century education and fulfil their responsibility for students’ future personality development.
The Fiqh al-Ṭawāri’ Thoughts of ‘Abd Allah Bin Bayyah on the Management of Worship during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Harun Muhammad Safwan , Mohd Zulkarnain Saiful Islam Nor , Ali Abdul Karim , Zainal Abidin Mohd Syukri
Published: April 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic that struck the world recently had left a huge impact on all sectors of life. The outbreak of the virus resulted in a no-physical contact form of human interaction as a measure of curbing its cycle of transmission. The impact was also felt in religious practice and worship due to the closure of mosques which resulted in the suspension of congregational prayers and other religious activities. This state of affairs led to discord in the religious spirit of the community since the new rulings conflicted with their religious interests. There were public disputes over the provisions of Islamic primary rulings, especially in matters of worship, albeit these were declared by the authorities such as the fatwa institution. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify the principles of Islamic primary rulings during an epidemic using the fiqh al-ṭawāri’ discourse framework of Shaykh ‘Abd Allah bin Bayyah. Based on these principles, an assessment was conducted on the conflicting Islamic primary rulings in Malaysia during the epidemic. To achieve the objective, library data from the Fiqh al-ṭawāri’ Discourse held in 2020 was fully used. Data were analysed inductively, deductively and comparatively using the content analysis method. It was concluded that the fiqh al ṭawāri’ framework was not based on the circumstances of the epidemic, instead it was the outcome of an ijtihad which had a reliable source and methodology in Sharia.
Transdisciplinary Policy in Handling COVID-19 in Indonesia: A Comparative Study on the Thought of Kuntowijoyo, M. Amin Abdullah and Yudian Wahyudi
Authors: Riyanto Waryani Fajar , Saefudin Saefudin , Suryo Harsya Denny
Published: April 2023

This article explains how the Indonesian Government’s policies on handling the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on the Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 82 Year 2020 concerning the Committee on Handling the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) and National Economic Recovery, Indonesia’s policy integrated health and economic strategies. The regulation adopted an interdisciplinary strategy moving towards multidisciplinarity in handling Covid-19 whereby both were deemed insufficient. The theoretical framework in this study applied Ken Wilber’s Universal Integralism or Holonic Integralism. This research employs the method of comparison of thinking. The present study establishes a transdisciplinary policy for handling Covid-19 in Indonesia with four strategies: subjective, objective, intersubjective, and interobjective. The researcher compares Indonesian Muslim thinkers on the four strategies models, namely Kuntowijoyo representing the subjective and objective strategy model, M. Amin Abdullah representing the intersubjective strategy model, and Yudian Wahyudi representing the inter-objective strategy model. This finding implies that the handling of Covid-19 in Indonesia will be more synergistic and interconnected between all sectors of human life.
‘My Sejahtera’ Application as COVID-19 Control Mechanism from Islamic Thought Perspective: Malaysia Experience
Authors: Khambali @ Hambali Khadijah Mohd , Abdul Khalil Shahidra , Daud Mohd Zaidi
Published: April 2023

The word ‘sejahtera’ or in English known as well-being or prosperity is widely used in Nusantara as a fundamental concept of human existence which is usually applied to various dimensions of life: physical, spiritual, intellectual, emotional, economic, political, governance, educational, social, cultural and religious. Furthermore, the Malay concept of ‘sejahtera’ has received wide attention from our community during this pandemic COVID-19 to ensure communities health. It is an important concept that deals with the issue of quality of life, society and civilisation as well. Given its importance, nurturing, and sustaining of a humane, peaceful, balanced and prosperous civilisation in this period of heightened global crises, in which most of mankind are currently starving for ‘sejahtera’ and struggling against an unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic, the Malay concept of ‘sejahtera’ will be reviewed from an Islamic thought perspective to build an alternative paradigm of holistic and sustainable development from the worldview of Tawḥīd. The study found that the Malaysian government’s MySejahtera programme, which uses a digital platform to serve as a one-stop shop, can help in a way to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in line with national law in achieving Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah.
The effect of board characteristics and life cycle on corporate performance
Authors: Yakubu Ibrahim Nandom , Bunyaminu Alhassan , Doumbia Musah Osumanu , Abdul-Fatawu Mohammed
Published: April 2023

This research investigates the effect of board characteristics and corporate life-cycle on the performance of listed firms in Ghana covering the period 2009–2018. The paper adopts the approach propounded by Dickinson (2011) to cater to proxy measures of firms’ life cycle stages. Using the pooled estimated generalized least squares (EGLS), the findings reveal that chief executive officer (CEO) tenure has a positive significant effect on performance. The presence of inside directors negatively and significantly influences performance. The results further indicate that at different levels of statistical significance, the various stages of the firm’s life cycle have a negative impact on the main dependent variable (ROA). With the alternative firm performance proxy (ROE), the results report that aside from the decline stage which negatively drives performance, the rest of the stages (i.e., introduction, growth, and maturity) have a positive influence on performance. However, only the growth and maturity stages exert a significant effect on performance. As part of the suggestions, the study proposes that firms should reduce the proportion of executive directors and appoint more non-executive directors to the board to boost performance. Also, firms should endeavor to increase investment in research and development at every stage of their production to ensure steady profit growth.
The criminal responsibility of artificial intelligence systems: A prospective analytical study
Authors: Ellamey Yasser , Elwakad Amr
Published: April 2023

Undoubtedly that technological development, especially in artificial intelligence (AI), which is a wide-ranging branch of computer science, has a great impact on human behavior, and that pushed researchers to engage in this important field to answer the legal problems resulting from criminal behavior. The question here is: Does the robotics or AI programmer take the criminal liability of AI? Or, does AI have an independent legal personality as a new type called the electronic legal personality on which criminal responsibility depends? The question is still confused about the expected criminal penalty that will fit this new legal personality of AI. We also address the criminal liability of the maker, programmer, user, and designer for the work of AI and robotics, we will try to review the legal framework to regulate the relationship between humans and AI (robots) as follows: the regular laws of using AI, and the criminal and civil liability of AI actions. This is in order to finally come up with a new theory related to the criminal liability of AI related to giving the electronic legal personality to AI to bear civil and criminal responsibility for its actions, which is outside the scope of responsibility of the manufacturer, programmer, user, and owner of these smart systems. The studies cover issues in topics related to determining criminal responsibility for the actions of AI, practical applications, and the most important legal problems they raise, in light of the electronic legal personality of AI.
The epigenetic roles of BET inhibitors JQ1 and I-BET726 in regulating inflammation and treatment for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Li Qing , Zhang Di , Chen Ruiling , Shi Lei , Shi Yuanyuan , Gao Fengguang
Published: April 2023

The epigenetic factor bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET)
proteins have multiple functions in regulating cell proliferation,
differentiation and inflammation via binding to acetylated lysines on
histones. JQ1 and I-BET726, new inhibitors of BET proteins, have
potential therapeutic benefit for autoimmune diseases (AD). In this
study, we explored the effects of JQ1 and I-BET726 on innate and
adaptive immunity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)
model to investigate the mechanism and therapeutic benefit for AD. The
effects of JQ1 and I-BET726 on LPS-induced inflammation were
investigated in innate and adaptive immune cells of dendritic cells
(DCs), macrophages, and DC-dependent T cells. Different pro-inflammatory
cytokines were assessed via real-time PCR, flow cytometry, and Elispot.
Moreover, the effects of JQ1 and I-BET726 on EAE animals were further
investigated, including the effects on alleviating clinical symptoms and
inhibiting inflammation and demyelination in spinal cords via real-time
PCR and immunohistochemical staining. JQ1 and I-BET726 efficiently
inhibited LPS-increased TNF-α and IL-6 expression in bone marrow-derived
DC and macrophage of Raw264.7 cells. They also suppressed adaptive
immunity by down-regulating CD80/CD86 and IL-12/GM-CSF expressions, and
inhibiting DC-dependent T cell priming. Moreover, they effectively
inhibited TNF-α and IL-6 involved inflammatory changes in the spinal
cords of EAE model, including inflammatory cell infiltration and
demyelination. Most importantly, JQ1 and I-BET726 efficiently attenuated
the clinical deterioration of EAE mice. Our results indicate that JQ1
and I-BET726 possess therapeutic benefits for autoimmune diseases by
adjusting innate and adaptive immune response, indicating that BET
bromodomain might be potential molecular targets for autoimmune disease
therapy.
Metabolomic Profiling Reveals the Mechanisms Underlying the Nephrotoxicity of Methotrexate in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Cheng Yu , Chen Yanan , Zhao Mingming , Wang Minglu , Liu Maobai , Zhao Limei
Published: April 2023

Background: Methotrexate is widely recommended as a first-line
treatment for the intensive systemic and consolidation phases of
childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, methotrexate-induced
nephrotoxicity is a severe adverse reaction, of which the mechanism
remains unclear. Methods: An untargeted metabolomics analysis
of serum from childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with delayed
methotrexate excretion with or without acute kidney injury was performed
to identify altered metabolites and metabolic pathways. An independent
external validation cohort and in vitro assays further confirmed
the candidate metabolites and the mechanisms underlying the
nephrotoxicity of methotrexate. Results: Four metabolites
showed significant differences between normal excretion and delayed
excretion, seven metabolites reflected the differences between groups
with or without acute kidney injury, and six pathways were finally
enriched. In particular, oxidized glutathione is confirmed as an
candidate metabolite involved in the toxicity of methotrexate. Based on
the depletion of glutathione mediated cell death, it was found that
methotrexate overload significantly reduced cell viability, triggered
reactive oxygen species and intracellular Fe
accumulation, and altered the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins
in HK-2 cells. These methotrexate-induced changes were alleviated or
reversed by the administration of a ferroptosis inhibitor, further
suggesting that ferroptosis promoted methotrexate-induced cytotoxicity
in HK-2 cells. Conclusions: Our findings revealed complex
metabolomic profiles and provided novel insights into the mechanism by
which ferroptosis contributes to the nephrotoxic effects of
methotrexate.