bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Communities' awareness of afforestation and its contribution to the conservation of lizards in Dodoma, Tanzania
Authors: Ngongolo Kelvin , Kilonzo Mhuji
Published: December 2022

Afforestation is providing the remedy for deforestation, which is among the greatest challenges of biodiversity conservation in Tanzania. Efforts for afforestation are taking place in Dodoma, which are anticipated to have social and ecological positive effects. This study provides information on the perception of local communities towards afforestation and how afforestation can harbor other wildlife species like lizards. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information from respondents who were chosen at random in the afforestation area. Pitfalls and direct observation under constrained time intervals were used to sample lizards in two categories of vegetation (afforested and non-afforested areas; n = 1040 samples). Awareness of afforestation was significantly affected by age group (P < 0.005) and nature of course taking. In this case, those who studied natural courses like biology, forest, and aquatic science were more aware of afforestation and they had a likelihood of being involved in afforestation programs (P < 0.05). Eight species of lizards were identified in the study area where seven species were found in afforested areas while three were found in non-afforested areas, whereAgama lionotuswas the dominant species.The diversity of lizards was higher in afforested areas (Shannon Weiner index H = 1.37) than in non-afforested areas (Shannon Weiner index H = 0.99). More afforestation program awareness and conservation education are required to ensure the sustainability of afforestation efforts in Dodoma. Afforestation showed a significant contribution to the conservation of lizards. Lizards can be used as good indicator species to understand and monitor the success of afforestation.
The clinical utility of integrative genomics in childhood cancer extends beyond targetable mutations
Authors: Villani Anita , Davidson Scott , Kanwar Nisha , Lo Winnie W. , Li Yisu , Cohen-Gogo Sarah , Fuligni Fabio , Edward Lisa-Monique , Light Nicholas , Layeghifard Mehdi , Harripaul Ricardo , Waldman Larissa , Gallinger Bailey , Comitani Federico , Brunga Ledia , Hayes Reid , Anderson Nathaniel D. , Ramani Arun K. , Yuki Kyoko E. , Blay Sasha , Johnstone Brittney , Inglese Cara , Hammad Rawan , Goudie Catherine , Shuen Andrew , Wasserman Jonathan D. , Venier Rosemarie E. , Eliou Marianne , Lorenti Miranda , Ryan Carol Ann , Braga Michael , Gloven-Brown Meagan , Han Jianan , Montero Maria , Spatare Famida , Whitlock James A. , Scherer Stephen W. , Chun Kathy , Somerville Martin J. , Hawkins Cynthia , Abdelhaleem Mohamed , Ramaswamy Vijay , Somers Gino R. , Kyriakopoulou Lianna , Hitzler Johann , Shago Mary , Morgenstern Daniel A. , Tabori Uri , Meyn Stephen , Irwin Meredith S. , Malkin David , Shlien Adam
Published: December 2022

We conducted integrative somatic–germline analyses by deeply sequencing 864 cancer-associated genes, complete genomes and transcriptomes for 300 mostly previously treated children and adolescents/young adults with cancer of poor prognosis or with rare tumors enrolled in the SickKids Cancer Sequencing (KiCS) program. Clinically actionable variants were identified in 56% of patients. Improved diagnostic accuracy led to modified management in a subset. Therapeutically targetable variants (54% of patients) were of unanticipated timing and type, with over 20% derived from the germline. Corroborating mutational signatures (SBS3/BRCAness) in patients with germline homologous recombination defects demonstrates the potential utility of PARP inhibitors. Mutational burden was significantly elevated in 9% of patients. Sequential sampling identified changes in therapeutically targetable drivers in over one-third of patients, suggesting benefit from rebiopsy for genomic analysis at the time of relapse. Comprehensive cancer genomic profiling is useful at multiple points in the care trajectory for children and adolescents/young adults with cancer, supporting its integration into early clinical management.
Multiomics in primary and metastatic breast tumors from the AURORA US network finds microenvironment and epigenetic drivers of metastasis
Authors: Garcia-Recio Susana , Hinoue Toshinori , Wheeler Gregory L. , Kelly Benjamin J. , Garrido-Castro Ana C. , Pascual Tomas , De Cubas Aguirre A. , Xia Youli , Felsheim Brooke M. , McClure Marni B. , Rajkovic Andrei , Karaesmen Ezgi , Smith Markia A. , Fan Cheng , Ericsson Paula I. Gonzalez , Sanders Melinda E. , Creighton Chad J. , Bowen Jay , Leraas Kristen , Burns Robyn T. , Coppens Sara , Wheless Amy , Rezk Salma , Garrett Amy L. , Parker Joel S. , Foy Kelly K. , Shen Hui , Park Ben H. , Krop Ian , Anders Carey , Gastier-Foster Julie , Rimawi Mothaffar F. , Nanda Rita , Lin Nancy U. , Isaacs Claudine , Marcom P. Kelly , Storniolo Anna Maria , Couch Fergus J. , Chandran Uma , Davis Michael , Silverstein Jonathan , Ropelewski Alexander , Liu Minetta C. , Hilsenbeck Susan G. , Norton Larry , Richardson Andrea L. , Symmans W. Fraser , Wolff Antonio C. , Davidson Nancy E. , Carey Lisa A. , Lee Adrian V. , Balko Justin M. , Hoadley Katherine A. , Laird Peter W. , Mardis Elaine R. , King Tari A. ,   AURORA US Network, De Cubas Aguirre A. , Perou Charles M.
Published: December 2022

The AURORA US Metastasis Project was established with the goal to identify molecular features associated with metastasis. We assayed 55 females with metastatic breast cancer (51 primary cancers and 102 metastases) by RNA sequencing, tumor/germline DNA exome and low-pass whole-genome sequencing and global DNA methylation microarrays. Expression subtype changes were observed in ~30% of samples and were coincident with DNA clonality shifts, especially involving HER2. Downregulation of estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated cell–cell adhesion genes through DNA methylation mechanisms was observed in metastases. Microenvironment differences varied according to tumor subtype; the ER+/luminal subtype had lower fibroblast and endothelial content, while triple-negative breast cancer/basal metastases showed a decrease in B and T cells. In 17% of metastases, DNA hypermethylation and/or focal deletions were identified nearHLA-Aand were associated with reduced expression and lower immune cell infiltrates, especially in brain and liver metastases. These findings could have implications for treating individuals with metastatic breast cancer with immune- and HER2-targeting therapies.
Harnessing low dimensionality to visualize the antibody–virus landscape for influenza
Authors: Einav Tal , Creanga Adrian , Andrews Sarah F. , McDermott Adrian B. , Kanekiyo Masaru
Published: December 2022

Antibodies constitute a key line of defense against the diverse pathogens we encounter in our lives. Although the interactions between a single antibody and a single virus are routinely characterized in exquisite detail, the inherent tradeoffs between attributes such as potency and breadth remain unclear. Moreover, there is a wide gap between the discrete interactions of single antibodies and the collective behavior of antibody mixtures. Here we develop a form of antigenic cartography called a ‘neutralization landscape’ that visualizes and quantifies antibody–virus interactions for antibodies targeting the influenza hemagglutinin stem. This landscape transforms the potency–breadth tradeoff into a readily solvable geometry problem. With it, we decompose the collective neutralization from multiple antibodies to characterize the composition and functional properties of the stem antibodies within. Looking forward, this framework can leverage the serological assays routinely performed for influenza surveillance to analyze how an individual’s antibody repertoire evolves after vaccination or infection.
A machine learning route between band mapping and band structure
Authors: Xian R. Patrick , Stimper Vincent , Zacharias Marios , Dendzik Maciej , Dong Shuo , Beaulieu Samuel , Schölkopf Bernhard , Wolf Martin , Rettig Laurenz , Carbogno Christian , Bauer Stefan , Ernstorfer Ralph
Published: December 2022

The electronic band structure and crystal structure are the two complementary identifiers of solid-state materials. Although convenient instruments and reconstruction algorithms have made large, empirical, crystal structure databases possible, extracting the quasiparticle dispersion (closely related to band structure) from photoemission band mapping data is currently limited by the available computational methods. To cope with the growing size and scale of photoemission data, here we develop a pipeline including probabilistic machine learning and the associated data processing, optimization and evaluation methods for band-structure reconstruction, leveraging theoretical calculations. The pipeline reconstructs all 14 valence bands of a semiconductor and shows excellent performance on benchmarks and other materials datasets. The reconstruction uncovers previously inaccessible momentum-space structural information on both global and local scales, while realizing a path towards integration with materials science databases. Our approach illustrates the potential of combining machine learning and domain knowledge for scalable feature extraction in multidimensional data.
A novel and ultrasensitive electrochemical DNA biosensor for pralatrexate detection
Authors: Ghasemi Leila , Jahani Shohreh , Ghazizadeh Mahdiyeh , Foroughi Mohammad Mehdi
Published: December 2022

An electrochemical biosensor was fabricated based on polypyrrole/octahedral Pd-doped Co3O4 composite- and ds-DNA-modified screen-printed electrodes for detecting pralatrexate.
Organic acid evaporation kinetics from aqueous aerosols: implications for aerosol buffering capacity in the atmosphere
Authors: Angle Kyle J. , Nowak Christopher M. , Grassian Vicki H.
Published: December 2022

The acidity of atmospheric aerosols controls their impacts on heterogeneous and multiphase reactions, cloud formation, and human health.
In situ synthesis and properties of Ag/Ag10Si4O13/GO photocatalysts with synergistic effect of plasma Resonance and Schottky junction
Authors: Li Cuixia , Zhang Ruilin , Zhang Youyou , Jin Haize , Zhang Yuhang , Li Wensheng
Published: December 2022

A novel synthetic strategy for fabricating Ag/Ag10Si4O13/GO Photocatalysts with Synergistic Effect of Plasma Resonance and Schottky Junction was proposed by accurately molecular (ion) scale assembly based on sol–gel method.
Synthesis, optoelectronic properties, and charge carrier dynamics of colloidal quasi-two-dimensional Cs3Bi2I9 perovskite nanosheets
Authors: Ghimire Sushant , Rehhagen Chris , Fiedler Saskia , Parekh Urvi , Lesyuk Rostyslav , Lochbrunner Stefan , Klinke Christian
Published: December 2022

Photoexcitation of Cs3Bi2I9 nanosheets creates hot excitons which thermalize to the lattice in tens of picoseconds and finally relax to the ground state in a few nanoseconds. Such delayed relaxation of hot carriers can be utilized for catalysis.
Recent progress on the synthesis of metal alloy nanowires as electrocatalysts
Authors: Li Shumin , Jin Hui , Wang Yawen
Published: December 2022

This work reviews the chemical approaches to synthesizing metal alloy nanowires, and briefly discusses their applications as electrocatalysts.
Two-dimensional nanomaterials: synthesis and applications in photothermal catalysis
Authors: Qu Jiafu , Li Songqi , Zhong Bailing , Deng Zhiyuan , Shu Yinying , yang Xiaogang , Cai Yahui , Hu Jundie , Li Chang Ming
Published: December 2022

This review summarized recent advances in various 2D nanomaterials with emphasis on the relevant mechanism of photothermal catalysis, discussing the synthesis methods and photothermal applications in the environmental and energy fields.
Cycloisomerization of enynones by aluminum halides: construction of bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes by introducing halides
Authors: Sato Daisuke , Tsubouchi Akira , Watanabe Yuichiro , Noguchi Keiichi , Miyamoto Kazunori , Uchiyama Masanobu , Saito Akio
Published: December 2022

Cycloisomerization of 7-en-2-ynone with an aluminum halide gives different cyclic products from those with BF3as a homologous element halide.
Fused-ring molecules based on B ← N and imide units with low energy levels
Authors: Liu Rui , Hu Junli , Min Yang , Liu Jun
Published: December 2022

We synthesized n-type polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons incorporated with both B ← N and imide units for the first time and examined their optical and electrochemical properties.
Iridium–aluminium trichloride co-catalysed hydroformylation–acetalization of olefins with H2O as the hydrogen source
Authors: Liu Huan , Yao Yi-Xuan , Shang Hong-Yan , Yang Da , Tian Yuan-Yu
Published: December 2022

In the tandem hydroformylation–acetalization catalyzed by an Ir-catalyst, water as the hydrogen source can inhibit the hydrogenation of olefins, and a catalytic amount of AlCl3 as a promoter can promote acetalization.
High order assembly of multiple protein cages with homogeneous sizes and shapes via limited cage surface engineering
Authors: Oh Hyeok Jin , Jung Yongwon
Published: December 2022

Diverse high order protein cage structures with homogeneous sizes and shapes were assembled with anisotropic ferritin cages with limitedly exposed binding modules.
Proton exchange membrane electrolysis of methanol for simultaneously synthesizing formaldehyde and hydrogen
Authors: Kuramochi Nanako , Yoshida-Hirahara Miru , Ogihara Hitoshi , Kurokawa Hideki
Published: December 2022

Electrolysis for upgrading molecules has received attention as a green process that can contribute to a sustainable society. In this study, methanol was converted into formaldehyde and H2via electrolysis using a membrane electrode assembly device.
Plasmon-enhanced visible-light photocatalytic antibacterial activity of metal–organic framework/gold nanocomposites
Authors: Guo Wenfeng , Gao Wenxing , Li Qiang , Qu Shaohua , Zhang Lianbing , Tan Li-Li , Shang Li
Published: December 2022

Novel ZIF-8/gold nanocomposites with significantly enhanced ROS generation capability for boosting the photobactericidal activity of MOFs are fabricated by combining the LSPR effect of AuNRs and the photosensitization feature of ultrasmall AuNCs under visible light illumination.
Nanofibrous films decorated with phosphorescent iridium(iii) complexes containing Ir–S–C–S structures for selective detection of Cu2+ ions in solution
Authors: Huang Yi-Chuan , Chu Xi , Zhao Shi-Sheng , Li Wen-Hao , Li Hong-Yan , Xue Wei
Published: December 2022

Nanofibrous films decorated with iridium(iii) complexes were fabricated and employed as solid-phase sensor devices to recognize Cu2+ ions.
A circularly polarized (CP) white organic light-emitting diode (WOLED) based on a chiral organo-Sm3+complex
Authors: Liu Jiaxiang , Wang Baowen , Zhang Zhiming , Yu Jiamiao , Lü Xingqiang , Fu Guorui , Li Wentao , Wong Wai-Yeung
Published: December 2022

Using the chiral [Sm(tta)3(d-phen)] as emitter, the first example of chiral organo-Ln3+-based CP-WOLED with both attractive white-light efficiencies (ηMaxEQE = 1.55% andηMaxCE = 1.61 cd A−1) and high dissymmetry factor (|gEL|Max= 0.011) is reported.
Real‐time transmission switching with neural networks
Authors: Bugaje Al‐Amin B. , Cremer Jochen L. , Strbac Goran
Published: December 2022

The classical formulation of the transmission switching problem as a mixed‐integer problem is intractable for large systems in real‐time control settings. Several heuristics have been proposed in the past to speed up the computation time, which only limits the number of switchable lines. In this paper, a real‐time switching heuristic based on neural networks that provides almost instantaneous switching actions, are presented. The findings are shown on case studies of the IEEE 118‐bus test system, and the results show that the proposed heuristic is robust to out of distribution data. Additionally, the proposed heuristic has significant computational savings while all other performance metrics like accuracy are similar to state‐of‐the‐art machine learning methods proposed for transmission switching.
Gas production mechanism of Irgamet 39 and its long‐term corrosion resistance
Authors: Xiang Huiying , Yuan Yuan , Liu Guoyong , Gao Xue , Zhang Cheng , Zhou Jiang , Liao Ruijin
Published: December 2022

The phenomenon of transformer failure caused by oil‐sulphur corrosion of oil₋paper insulation system has always been concerned by scholars. Irgamet 39 is the most used metal passivator for inhibiting sulphur corrosion. However, Irgamet 39 causes abnormal dissolved gas in oil during the process of exerting anti‐corrosion effect. Herein, the gas production mechanism of Irgamet 39 and its long‐term corrosion resistance were investigated. Compared with other metal passivators, the Irgamet 39 produces more dissolved gases in oil, especially H2, CO and CO2. The main sources of free radicals in the gas production process are from the branched chains of the Irgamet 39 structure (−CH2N(C8H17)2 and −CH3). Furthermore, the ageing products of insulating paper and oil promote the cleavage of the chain in the Irgamet 39 molecule, which then causes Irgamet 39 to generate more dissolved gases. Irgamet 39 exhibits excellent long‐term corrosion inhibition properties,while it also leads to abnormal gases in the oil, which can affect the interpretation of the dissolved gas analysis data and thus interfere with the diagnosis. This work provides useful information for the practical application of Irgamet 39 and helps electrical workers make reasonable predictions for transformer problems.
Distributed coordinated control method with multiple objectives optimization algorithm for wind farms
Authors: Bai Guan , Feng Yaojing , Huang Sheng , Wang Pengda
Published: December 2022

This paper proposes a distributed coordinated control (DCC) method. The DCC method concentrates on improving the performances of fatigue load minimization and voltage regulation of WFs. The active and reactive power outputs of the wind turbines (WTs) inside WFs are coordinated while the power flow of WF collection system and capacity of each WT are considered by using DistFlow model. With the consensus ADMM‐based framework, the WTs inside the WF are operated in fully distributed manner while meeting the requirement of the dispatch command of the transmission system operator (TSO). The WF can track the dispatch command from the TSO accurately without the coordination of central unit. Moreover, it is more scalable and lower computation‐burden than conventional centralized optimal control. A wind farm consisting of 20 WTs is used in case study to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Electronic Medical Record–Based Electronic Messaging Among Patients with Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Conroy Meghan , Powell Miracle , Suelzer Elizabeth , Pamulapati Saagar , Min Heun , Wright Tamiah , Kamaraju Sailaja
Published: December 2022

Background Electronic medical record (EMR) systems and electronic messages are an increasingly common conduit between physicians and patients. Clear benefits of this type of communication have been established, especially among cancer patients. Studies suggest that patient portals and electronic messaging platforms can help with care coordination between oncology providers and facilitate asynchronous patient-provider communication. Despite the many benefits, there is little research regarding EMR and secure messaging use, particularly among patients with breast cancer.

Objectives The objective of this systematic review was to examine the evidence supporting the use of EMR-based messaging systems in patients with breast cancer.

Methods A systematic literature search of Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science CINAHL, and Cochrane Library was conducted. Studies were required to be published between 2005 and 2022 and report data on demographic information and electronic messaging between patients and providers. Studies were excluded if they reported insufficient data, did not include breast cancer patients, or were not published in English.

Results This study identified 10 articles that met inclusion criteria. The resulting studies investigated topics such as: patterns of messaging and medication adherence, cancer screening, messaging as a predictor of behavior or outcomes, and symptom management. The literature indicates that electronic messaging with providers was associated with clinical benefits for breast cancer patients and improved screening behaviors.

Conclusion This review uncovered multiple areas to focus future research on, including ideal volume of electronic messages sent and their relation to prescription adherence, studies focusing solely on the breast cancer population, racial disparities in electronic messaging, and provider perceptions of electronic messaging. It is vital that more work be done to understand barriers and gaps in EMR usage to ensure that all individuals can access this increasingly essential medical service while minimizing physician workload and burnout.
Historical Profiling of Dry Eye Patients – Potential Trigger Factors and Comorbidities
Authors: Posa Andreas , Sel Saadettin , Dietz Richard , Sander Ralph , Paulsen Friedrich , Bräuer Lars , Hammer Christian
Published: December 2022

Purpose Dry eye syndrome (DES) is one of the most common diseases of the ocular surface. Affected persons suffer from different subjective complaints, with sometimes severe
impairment in the quality of life. The aetiology and pathogenesis are multifactorial, multifaceted, and not yet fully understood. The present study is intended to provide deeper insights
into possible triggering factors and correlating comorbidities.

Materials and Methods In German ophthalmological practices, 306 persons (174 women, 132 men, age: 18 – 87 years) were interviewed by questionnaire on concomitant diseases and
possible further triggering factors. DES was diagnosed by an ophthalmologist in 170 cases. The statistical comparative analysis between persons with and without DES was carried out using the
chi-squared test (SPSS statistical software).

Results DES occurred with significantly (p < 0.05) increased frequency in women over 40 years of age, as well as in persons exposed to screen work, air conditioning, persons with
chronic ocular inflammation, myomas (hysterectomy), dry skin, arterial hypertonicity in need of medication, cardiac arrhythmias, fatty liver, gastric ulcer, appendicitis, cholecystectomy,
depression, hyperlipidaemia, hyperuricaemia, osteoporosis, and nephrolithiasis.

Conclusion Some of the known comorbidities and DES risk factors, e.g., computer work or depression, were confirmed. In contrast, the higher prevalence of hyperlipidaemia,
hyperuricaemia, osteoporosis, nephrolithiasis, and fibroids among DES patients has not previously been reported. Additional studies should be performed on causal connections between DES and
specific comorbidities.
Explanation of Gegen Qinlian Decoction Syndrome and Its Clinical Application
Authors: Liu Min , Jiang Hao , Xu Luoxi , Ying Juntang , Wang Qingguo
Published: December 2022

Gegen Qinlian Decoction is one of the commonly used classical prescriptions, which consists of four herbs: Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), and Zhigancao Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle. The clinical application experience of Gegen Qinlian Decoction is as follows: first, according to Zhongjing Zhang's original text, heat distressing the large intestine with unresolved exterior syndrome is the original meaning of Gegen Qinlian Decoction syndrome. In clinical practice, bacillary dysentery, gastrointestinal cold, etc., belong to simultaneous exterior and interior disease, which are completely consistent with the original meaning of this prescription; second, the clinical digestive system diseases with exuberant heat of the large intestine as the core manifestation cannot be treated merely based on the exterior syndrome; third, due to the interior–exterior relationship between the lung and the large intestine and between the meridians, the use of Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), and Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) can make the source of body clear, and the waste qi can be released and the pore can be easily opened, so this prescription can also be used for exogenous fever; fourth, with multidimensional comprehensive understanding of the syndrome, pathogenesis, symptoms and pharmacology, Gegen Qinlian Decoction has also been further applied to the treatment of hypertension, diabetes, etc.
Maternal Plasma Choline during Gestation and Small for Gestational Age Infants
Authors: Hoffman Maria C. , Hunter Sharon J. , D'Alessandro Angelo , Christians Uwe , Law Amanda J. , Freedman Robert
Published: December 2022

Objective Small for gestational age (SGA) infants are at increased risk for neonatal morbidity and developmental problems in childhood. No current interventions during human pregnancy address this problem. This study investigated the possible relationship between maternal choline concentration during pregnancy and SGA infants.

Study Design Maternal plasma choline concentrations were sampled at 16 and 28 weeks' gestation from women in a public prenatal clinic. Additional factors assessed were maternal age, body mass index, infection, C-reactive protein, hair cortisol, and compliance with prenatal vitamins and folate. Infants below the 10th percentile for gestational age were classified as SGA. Binary logistic regression was used to identify significant associated factors in pregnancies resulting in SGA infants compared with pregnancies resulting in non-SGA infants.

Results Thirteen (8%) of 159 women had SGA infants. Maternal plasma choline concentrations were low for pregnant participants whose infants were SGA, with the 28-week concentration significantly lower compared with other participants. Plasma choline concentrations ≥7 μM at 28 weeks, consistent with a minimally adequate dietary intake of choline-containing foods, were achieved by only 2 (15%) of mothers with SGA infants, compared with 51% of mothers whose infants were not SGA. Choline concentrations <7 μM at 28 weeks' gestation were associated with an odds ratio for SGA of 16.6 (95% confidence interval: 1.5–189.2, p = 0.023). Other significant factors were female sex and maternal C-reactive protein plasma concentration during gestation.

Conclusion This observational study suggests that higher maternal choline levels may influence the risk for SGA. Maternal plasma choline concentrations are not routinely available in clinical laboratories. However, plasma choline levels can be increased by the mothers' intake of choline or phosphatidylcholine supplements. No nutritional intervention is currently recommended to prevent SGA, but the evidence from this study suggests that further consideration of the role of maternal choline may be warranted.

Key Points
Heart Rate Variability in Children with Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Martin Sophie , Du Pont-Thibodeau Geneviève , Seely Andrew J. E. , Emeriaud Guillaume , Herry Christophe L. , Recher Morgan , Lacroix Jacques , Ducharme-Crevier Laurence
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of continuous monitoring of heart rate variability (HRV) in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) hospitalized in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and collect preliminary data on the association between HRV, neurological outcome, and complications. This is a prospective observational cohort study in a tertiary academic PICU. Children admitted to the PICU ≤24 hours after moderate or severe TBI were included in the study. Children suspected of being brain dead at PICU entry or with a pacemaker were excluded. Children underwent continuous monitoring of electrocardiographic (ECG) waveforms over 7 days post-TBI. HRV analysis was performed retrospectively, using a standardized, validated HRV analysis software (CIMVA). The occurrence of medical complications (“event”: intracranial hypertension, cerebral hypoperfusion, seizure, and cardiac arrest) was prospectively documented. Outcome of children 6 months post-TBI was assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale – Extended Pediatric (GOS-E Peds). Fifteen patients were included over a 20-month period. Thirteen patients had ECG recordings available and 4 had >20% of missing ECG data. When ECG was available, HRV calculation was feasible (average 88%; range 70–97%). Significant decrease in overall HRV coefficient of variation and Poincaré SD2 (p < 0.05) at 6 hours post–PICU admission was associated with an unfavorable outcome (defined as GOS-E Peds ≥ 3, or a deterioration of ≥2 points over baseline score). Several HRV metrics exhibited significant and nonsignificant variation in HRV during event. This study demonstrates that it is feasible to monitor HRV in the PICU provided ECG data are available; however, missing ECG data are not uncommon. These preliminary data suggest that altered HRV is associated with unfavorable neurological outcome and in-hospital medical complications. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and to explore if HRV offers reliable and clinically useful prediction data that may help clinical decision making.
SARS-CoV-2 Transmission among Students after the Full Reopening of Schools
Authors: Bayhan Gülsüm İclal , Akça Halise , Akça Çağlar Ayla , Kurt Funda , Akcan Yıldız Leman , Şenel Saliha , Karacan Can Demir
Published: December 2022

Objective Closing of schools within the scope of the pandemic measures and switching to online education have negatively affected the mental and physical health of children as well as their education. The effect of complete reopening of schools on the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is not fully known. In the 2021–2022 academic year, the Ministry of National Education of Türkiye has decided to continue face-to-face education at all levels and in all private and public schools, by following a series of measures. There are no studies on school transmission reported from Türkiye since then. This study aimed to assess the dynamics of coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) transmission in schools by evaluating the data of the school contact screening outpatient clinic of a tertiary children's hospital.

Methods According to the Ministry of National Education guidelines in Türkiye, all students in a class with two polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–confirmed COVID-19 cases are sent to their homes and have a SARS-CoV-2 PCR test on the fifth day. While the students with negative test results return to school, students who test positive continue to stay at home until the 10th day. The current study retrospectively analyzed the screening results of primary, middle, and high school students who presented at the school contact screening polyclinic during the first semester of the 2021–2022 academic season.

Results There were a total of 11,608 presentations to the school contact screening polyclinic, and 1,107 children tested positive with SARS-CoV-2 PCR (9.5%). The median weekly positivity rate was 9.7% in primary school, 9.4% in middle school, and 5.6% in high school. The weekly positivity rate increased from the 16th week at all school levels; the positivity rates ran in parallel before this time but significantly increased from the 16th week to the half-term break.

Conclusion The curve of the positivity rates in schools was similar to Türkiye's pandemic curve. In this respect, the low SARS-CoV-2 transmission in schools correlated with the low number of cases in the community.
The actin cytoskeleton: Morphological changes in pre- and fully developed lung cancer
Authors: Basu Arkaprabha , Paul Manash K. , Weiss Shimon
Published: December 2022

Actin, a primary component of the cell cytoskeleton can have multiple isoforms, each of which can have specific properties uniquely suited for their purpose. These monomers are then bound together to form polymeric filaments utilizing adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis as a source of energy. Proteins, such as Arp2/3, VASP, formin, profilin, and cofilin, serve important roles in the polymerization process. These filaments can further be linked to form stress fibers by proteins called actin-binding proteins, such as α-actinin, myosin, fascin, filamin, zyxin, and epsin. These stress fibers are responsible for mechanotransduction, maintaining cell shape, cell motility, and intracellular cargo transport. Cancer metastasis, specifically epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is one of the key steps of the process, is accompanied by the formation of thick stress fibers through the Rho-associated protein kinase, MAPK/ERK, and Wnt pathways. Recently, with the advent of “field cancerization,” pre-malignant cells have also been demonstrated to possess stress fibers and related cytoskeletal features. Analytical methods ranging from western blot and RNA-sequencing to cryo-EM and fluorescent imaging have been employed to understand the structure and dynamics of actin and related proteins including polymerization/depolymerization. More recent methods involve quantifying properties of the actin cytoskeleton from fluorescent images and utilizing them to study biological processes, such as EMT. These image analysis approaches exploit the fact that filaments have a unique structure (curvilinear) compared to the noise or other artifacts to separate them. Line segments are extracted from these filament images that have assigned lengths and orientations. Coupling such methods with statistical analysis has resulted in development of a new reporter for EMT in lung cancer cells as well as their drug responses.
Impacts of mental fatigue and sport specific film sessions on basketball shooting tasks
Authors: Daub Bryce D. , McLean Blake D. , Heishman Aaron D. , Peak Keldon M. , Coutts Aaron J.
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The aim of this investigation was to examine the impact of mental fatigue on basketball specific shooting performance, utilising the newly developed basketball Standardized Shooting Task (SST).

Methods

Fifteen male elite NCAA Division 1 collegiate basketball players (Age 20.2 ± 1.2 y, height 199.3 ± 7.1 cm, body mass 93.1 ± 8.6 kg) volunteered to participate in a randomised, counterbalanced crossover design undergoing three conditions (Control, Stroop, and Film). The task, performed on three consecutive days, was comprised of 60 free throw attempts followed by a 4‐minute spot‐to‐spot shooting.

Results

Visual Analog Scales revealed significantly higher levels of mental fatigue following the Stroop (54.2 ± 24.5) condition compared to the Control (24.5 ± 16.2) and higher levels of mental effort in the Stroop (61.0 ± 31.3) and Film (49.9 ± 27.7) compared to the Control (14.0 ± 18.5). No significant differences were observed for Motivation among groups (p > 0.05). There was a significant decrease (p = 0.006) in number of shots made in 4‐minutes (MAKE4MIN; control = 49.5 ± 10.2, Stroop = 44.0 ± 10.6, and Film = 45.1 ± 11.7) and shots missed in 4‐minutes (MISS4MIN; control = 27.3 ± 7.0, Stroop = 30.9 ± 7.1, and Film = 30.9 ± 7.6). No significant differences were detected for any other performance variables.

Conclusion

These data demonstrate that mental fatigue negatively impacts basketball shooting performance in elite collegiate basketball players. We suggest that practitioners and coaches encourage athletes to abstain from cognitively demanding tasks prior to basketball competition.
A study of the effective Hamiltonian method for decay dynamics*
Authors: Chen Jing , Shan Xinyu , Wang Xiaoyun , Huang Yonggang
Published: December 2022

The decay dynamic of an excited quantum emitter (QE) is one of the most important contents in quantum optics. It has been widely applied in the field of quantum computing and quantum state manipulation. When the electromagnetic environment is described by several pseudomodes, the effective Hamiltonian method based on the multi-mode Jaynes–Cummings model provides a clear physical picture and a simple and convenient way to solve the decay dynamics. However, in previous studies, only the resonant modes are taken into account, while the non-resonant contributions are ignored. In this work, we study the applicability and accuracy of the effective Hamiltonian method for the decay dynamics. We consider different coupling strengths between a two-level QE and a gold nanosphere. The results for dynamics by the resolvent operator technique are used as a reference. Numerical results show that the effective Hamiltonian method provides accurate results when the two-level QE is resonant with the plasmon. However, when the detuning is large, the effective Hamiltonian method is not accurate. In addition, the effective Hamiltonian method cannot be applied when there is a bound state between the QE and the plasmon. These results are of great significance to the study of the decay dynamics in micro-nano structures described by quasi-normal modes.
Comparative study of ultrashort single-pulse and multi-pulse driven laser wakefield acceleration
Authors: Kumar Sonu , Singh Dhananjay K , Malik Hitendra K
Published: December 2022

Laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) is a promising technique to build compact and powerful particle accelerators. In such accelerators, the electric fields required to accelerate charged particles are sustained by electron density modulations in the plasma. The plasma wave modulating the electron density may be excited by an intense laser pulse. However, propagation of intense laser pulse in plasma is subject to various instabilities which result in significant losses of laser energy, reducing the efficiency of wakefield generation. Using a train of lower intensity pulses instead of a single higher intensity pulse appears to be a more efficient scheme for LWFA. Here we have studied this alternative scheme by applying an ultra-short femtosecond Gaussian laser beam consisting pulse train of a various number of pulses in different cases to underdense plasma. The plasma density modulation and strength of the resulting wakefield have been compared in various cases of multi-pulse and single-pulse lasers, for the same amount of input energies. Here we demonstrate that applying multi-laser pulses of optimally selected lower intensities and proper spacing leads to stronger wakefield generation and more efficient electron acceleration compared to the case of a single pulse of higher energy.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of a cryogenically cooled Nd:YAG laser with dual-wavelength at 946 and 1061 nm
Authors: Song Yan-Jie , Zong Nan , Chen Zhong-Zheng , Shen Yu , Zhang Lu-Na , Bo Yong , Peng Qin-Jun
Published: December 2022

A diode-end-pumped cryogenically cooled Nd:YAG laser is demonstrated with dual-wavelengths at 946 nm and 1061 nm. As temperature varies from 300 K to 190 K, a transition occur from single-wavelength at 946 nm to dual-wavelength at 946 nm and 1061 nm. Only the line at 1061 nm oscillated for the temperature less than 180 K. Moreover, a theoretical simulation of oscillation condition at cryogenic temperatures is implemented, leading a deep insight into the physical mechanism of dual-wavelength generation.
In vitro and molecular docking of α-Glucosidase inhibitor potency from Artabotrys suaveolens leaf and stem bark
Authors: Rosa D , Elya B , Hanafi M , Khatib A
Published: December 2022

Artabotrys suaveolens is one of the species from Artabotrys genus, one of the largest genus from Annonaceae family. This plant has been used traditionally to treat several diseases and also as emmenagogue. This research was aimed to explore the potency of Artabotrys suaveolens`s leaf and stem bark extracts as α-glucosidase inhibitor using in vitro and molecular docking techniques. It was found that IC50 of α-glucosidase inhibition activity of leaf extract was 48.18±0.16 ppm while the one of stem bark extract was 44.99±0.35 ppm. Besides that, it was also found that IC50 of DPPH free radical scavenging activity of leaf extract was 114.074 ppm and of stem bark extract was 63.640 ppm. Further analysis indicated that α-glucosidase inhibition activity had stronger relationship with antioxidant activity in leaf extract compared to that in stem bark extract. Using LC-MS/MS, 23 compound structures were identified from leaf and stem bark extracts which were then analyzed using simulations of molecular docking to α-glucosidase receptor. The molecular docking results showed that several compounds both from leaf and stem bark extracts had good affinities to α-glucosidase receptor.
In vitro ultra violet (UV) protection of curculigo latifolia extract as a sunscreen candidate
Authors: Nur S , Hanafi M , Setiawan H , Elya B
Published: December 2022

Curculigo latifolia is a local plant from the Amaryllidaceae tribe, which the community in empirical medicine has widely used. This study aims to determine the bioactivity of C. latifolia extract as a sunscreen carried out in vitro to obtain scientific data to be developed as a raw sunscreen material. The dried simplicia powder from the roots, stems, and leaves of C. latifolia was extracted by graded maceration using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol (70% v/v) to obtain an extract. Each extract from plant parts was observed for the sunscreen profile in absorbing UVA (320-400 nm) and UVB (290-320 nm) rays with a UV spectrophotometer. Each extract was tested for UV protection with several test parameters, i.e., the percentage of erythema, pigmentation transmission, and sun protective factor (SPF). The results of sunscreen profiles in absorbing UVB and UVA showed that hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts in roots, stems, and leaves could absorb UVB, and some of the extracts absorb UVA. Leaf hexane extract (LH) gave the highest UVB and UVA absorption of 1.192 and 1.804, respectively, compared to other extracts. The extract showed the ability to protect against erythema and pigmentation with the categories of fast tanning (root ethanol, stem ethanol, stem hexane, and root hexane extract), total block (root, stem, and leaf ethyl acetate extract), and regular suntan (leaf hexane extract). The results of SPF parameters showed that leaf hexane extract (LH), root ethyl acetate (REA), stem ethyl acetate (SEA), and leaf ethyl acetate (LEA) at a concentration of 250 ppm gave an ultra-protective effect with an SPF value of 23.65, 16.5, 22.5 and 23.03 respectively. The test results show that the extract of C. latifolia has the potential as a sunscreen with ultra-protection against UVA and UVB rays.
Analysis of airflow distribution on urban mini plant factory using computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Suwardana R , Nugroho A P , Prasetyatama Y D , Falah M A F , Sutiarso L , Okayasu T
Published: December 2022

Limited land for agricultural cultivation in urban areas makes it difficult to fulfill for healthy and sustainable food. Mini Plant Factory is an alternative to produce food, especially vegetables. In the Mini Plant Factory, the distribution of air flow is one thing that must be considered because the air flow will affect the growth of the plants in it so it is necessary to do an analysis to determine the good air flow in the mini plant factory using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. The purpose of this study was to analyse the aeration of the air flow in the mini plant factory using Computational Fluid Dynamics. This research was carried out at smart agriculture UGM, in this study using a mini plant factory measuring 70 x 40 x 150 cm, which is equipped with a temperature sensor (DHT 22) of 1 units in each shelf and 1 unit on the outside for measure environmental conditions, with a total number of 4 temperature sensors,, the mini plant factory is also equipped with an automatic nutrition system that is integrated with the cloud, and is equipped with artificial lighting. CFD analysis was carried out using the Ansys 2022 software, the laptop specifications used were AMD Ryzen 7 4800 H, NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3050. Temperature data was measured during the observation period. The analysis method in CFD has several stages, namely preparation, meshing workflow, mesh, models, materials, boundary conditions, solution and post-processing. The last part is data validation, namely by making a comparison between the CFD results and the actual data, then calculating the error value using MAPE. The expected result are visualisation various distribution of aeration temperatures inside mini plant factory, optimum aeration design for mini plant factory.
Workload analysis on the operation of a type II pivot trailer on a hand tractor using tire wheels in oil palm plantations
Authors: Dhafir M , Idkham M , Ayyubi M K A
Published: December 2022

In general, several oil palm fields in Indonesia have different slopes, so that the path on the land is difficult for farmers to pass in the process of transporting palm fresh fruit bunches (FFB). The slope of the land and the difficult path causes a lot of workload incurred by farmers. The pivot II type trailer which is the development of the pivot type trailer is expected to reduce the workload of farmers in transporting the oil palm FFB. The purpose of the study was to analyze the operator’s workload on the operation of a pivot II type trailer using a hand tractor using tires as a drive in oil palm plantations. Analysis of workload when operating a pivot II trailer using the heart rate method on three subjects with various variations in trajectories, turns and trailer loads. The results of this study indicate that the qualitative workload level of operators O1, O2, and O3 in operating a pivot type II trailer on oil palm land, both on flat land, sloping land 10° and sloping land 30° has a workload level of “Light” category. Meanwhile, the operators’ quantitative total energy cost (TEC)’ workload levels for slope 0°, 10°, and 30°, respectively, are 1.31, 1.48, and 1.67 kcal/kg.hour. The operator’s workload level on the pivot II type trailer is better when compared to the initial pivot type trailer before modification.
Prospect of Essential Oil Industrial Waste as Energy Resources for Essential Oil Production Process
Authors: Agustina S E , Kholifah L S
Published: December 2022

Essential oil production produces huge amount of solid waste. This un-utilized waste potentially causing environmental problems. Converting the waste into biomass briquettes (bio briquette) is one of the prosperous solutions since the briquettes can be used as energy source for the production activities in those industry. The objective of this study is converting the solid waste of essential oil production from nutmeg and clove stems into bio-briquette form, and to analyze the potency of those bio-briquette to fulfill energy demand for essential oil production process itself. Several various compositions have been taken to get best performance of the bio-briquettes as fuel. The ratio of mass and adhesive were 1:0.625; 1:0.75; 1:1; 1:1.25 for nutmeg cakes, 1:0.75; 1:0.825; 1:1; 1:1.25 for nutmeg shell charcoal, and 1:0,5; 1:0.625; 1:0.75; 1:1 for clove stem charcoal. The best results was performed by nutmeg shell charcoal briquettes with composition of 1: 1. This briquette has moisture content of 6.64%, ash content of 3.31%, and a calorific value of 5497 cal/gram. Those specification meets the requirements of SNI 1/6235/2000 regarding briquettes as a fuel. Based on energy demand calculation, implementation of those briquettes as fuel will reduce annually solid fuel consumption around 30%. The reduction will help to reduce essential oil production cost, and help the product to get “green product” label, which is very important for all products in the global market.