bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forensic Engineering Tools and Analysis of Heavy Vehicle Event Data Recorders (HVEDRs)
Authors: Ogden Jerry S. , Martonovich Mathew
Published: January 2021

Since the 1990s, domestic passenger vehicles have been equipped with increasingly more sophisticated supplemental restraint system event data recorders (EDRs) that have become more commonplace in collision analysis. Many collision analysts are aware that most heavy commercial vehicles are likewise equipped with heavy vehicle event data recorders (HVEDRs) that may trigger during a hard braking or sudden decelerationevent — or when the driver activates a signal to trigger an event to the system. Some heavy commercial vehicleengine manufacturers even provide an additional record of the last stop of the vehicle. Unfortunately, there areno uniform standards as to the information recorded or even the triggering criteria for an event regarding heavy commercial vehicles. HVEDR records oftentimes provide valuable information that assists the forensic engineer inanalyzing collision or failure events. This paper provides the forensic engineer with HVEDR engine manufacturer download coverage and tools needed (as of the presentation of this paper), and explores anomalies in event recording that the forensic engineer should be aware may exist. A case study pertaining to an HVEDR record of a commercial vehicle having a peculiar recording anomaly is presented. This paper outlines the process of how the anomaly was resolved and the process of plotting the sequence of events for courtroom presentation.
Landfill Operations and Off Highway Construction Vehicle Visibility Impairment Issues Result in a Serious Injury: A Case Study
Authors: Josephs Harold
Published: January 2021

This case study reviews the hazards involved with the work procedures and work environment combined with large mobile equipment associated with a landfill operation. An active landfill is a very busy work environment. There typically is a constant stream of municipal solid waste (MSW) trucks of various sizes and dimensions approaching and dropping their waste load onto the landfill active work area, which is referred to as the landfill face or tipping area. In addition to the MSW delivery truck traffic, the active face in this case study was being traversed back and forth by two large industrial vehicles: a bulldozer (or “dozer”) and a steel-wheeled compactor vehicle. The injured party, who was just transferred to the job of “waste spotter,” or just spotter, had the responsibility of directing the incoming stream of MSW trucks as to where to dump their loads while also directing (and avoiding) the tracked loader and the steel-wheeled compactor vehicle as they operated on the landfill active face. Additionally, due to the dumped MSW, the active landfill face topography is constantly changing, and the pedestrian spotter therefore must constantly be moving on the active face to avoid being struck by the vehicular traffic. The bulldozer manufacturer acknowledged that the loader travels in reverse approximately 50 percent of its operating time on the landfill space. Hence, any static visibility impairments were further compounded when the dozer traveled in reverse over changing topography. Other issues that negatively affected the landfill face hazardous environment were a lack of any safety procedures for the landfill operations and a lack of hazard training and instructions provided to the waste spotter working the landfill face.
Forensic Engineering Analysis of Alleged Construction Defects
Authors: Stall Michael
Published: January 2021

Information from visual forensic inspections is often used to conclude that building performance failures are caused by construction deficiencies because visual observations are limited to current conditions that seem to indicate that construction is the only cause. Design issues, constructability, product failures, adverse or abnormal weather conditions, post-construction changes, code and ordinance contradictions, lack of maintenance, abuse or neglect, and construction deficiencies contribute to building performance failures. Detailed investigation, coupled with visual observation, is required to understand failures and fairly assign liability.
Forensic Engineering Application of the Matchmoving Process
Authors: Ziernicki Richard M. , Leiloglo Angelos G. , Spiegelberg Taylor , Twigg Kurt
Published: January 2021

This paper presents a methodology that uses the photogrammetric process of matchmoving for analyzing objects (vehicles, pedestrians, etc.) visible in video captured by moving cameras. Matchmoving is an established scientific process that is used to calibrate a virtual camera to “match” the movement and optic properties of the real-world camera that captured the video. High-definition 3D laser scanning technology makes it possible to accurately perform the matchmoving process and evaluate the results. Once a virtual camera is accurately calibrated, moving objects visible in the video can be tracked or matched to determine their position, orientation, path, speed, and acceleration. Specific applications of the matchmoving methodology are presented and discussed in this paper and include analysis performed on video footage from a metro bus on-board camera, police officer body-worn camera footage, and race track video footage captured by a drone. In all cases, the matchmoving process yielded highly accurate camera calibrations and allowed forensic investigators to accurately determine and evaluate the dynamics of moving objects depicted in the video.
Forensic Evaluation of Construction Noise and Vibrations Associated with an Urban Drainage Project
Authors: Storesund Rune
Published: January 2021

This study performed a forensic evaluation of construction noise and ground vibration propagation to surrounding residential and commercial structures as a result of an urban drainage improvement construction project. Noise and vibration data collected during the course of the drainage project was first evaluated for conformance with the project specifications and data collection protocols. Construction equipment utilization logs were used to create a “time history” of daily maximum noise levels, which were contrasted with the maximum allowable per the project specifications. Attenuation relationships were used to delineate ground vibration extents and magnitudes propagating from the source to adjacent receptors (i.e., structures). The forensic engineer (FE) found significant deviations from the required data collection protocols and a high degree of “under-reporting.” Construction-induced noise and ground vibrations were determined to be “substantial factors of harm” to the adjacent structures.
A Forensic Engineering Approach to Documenting and Analyzing Domestic Plumbing Failures
Authors: Knapp Stephen
Published: January 2021

Forensic engineering analysis of residential plumbing components can be a daunting task, particularly due to the manner in which they may be handled from the onset of a failure event. Usually, a water loss is discovered by a homeowner or tenant of a building where the source of the leak is easily determined. Remediation of a plumbing loss is likely to begin quickly and often compromises the investigation (i.e., the condition of the failed component changes, connections to the plumbing system are removed, etc.). Under most circumstances, the evidence is handled and collected by people without forensic training, such as the occupant or plumber, making spoliation a significant concern. This paper will discuss the scientific processes and evidence handling techniques utilized by forensic engineers to determine whether a product defect, installation defect, environmental condition, maintenance, or wear and tear were contributory factors to a plumbing loss.
Forensic Engineering Analysis of a Failed ROPS
Authors: Cowley Daniel
Published: January 2021

Agricultural, commercial, and some lawn and garden tractors have been known to tip and roll over. Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) are designed to assure seat-belted occupants can survive in a zone of clearance within the structure, during and following a roll-over event. Within the laboratory testing parameters established in the current standards, energy absorption is based on tractor mass alone, apart from any other forces that may be acting on the tractor. Current standards allow tractor manufacturers to determine the “reference mass” used for ROPS testing. Most manufacturers fail to include the mass of any attached implements. When implements remain attached to the tractor throughout the roll-over event, ROPS should still be designed to protect operators. In the past, tractors were mainly employed in soil-engaging or surface-grooming exercises. The center of gravity (CG) of these attached implements was relatively low. Today, however, tractors may tow larger, taller, and heavier implements with high CG on multiple axles, such as large liquid manure tank spreaders. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the physical issues associated with tractors towing high CG implements, such as geometrically tall, articulated steerable axle spreaders operating in sloped terrain that cause an ROPS to fail.
Forensic Engineering Investigation of the Catastrophic Breakdown of a Diesel Engine in an Emergency Generator Set
Authors: Couture Daniel P
Published: January 2021

A large-displacement 16-cylinder diesel engine was coupled with a 1750 kW-rated generator set to provide emergency power to an international airport parking facility. It had been in service for seven years, and had accumulated only 242 operating hours from a regular monthly test procedure. On the day of the incident, less than three minutes after starting up, the engine began smoking, running roughly, and then failed catastrophically. A forensic engineering investigation was undertaken to determine the cause. Two cylinders in opposite banks had been damaged. The proverbial “smoking gun” was found — an obstruction comprising a rubber gasket within the main oil gallery leading to these cylinders. The investigation explored the probable method and means that this gasket was entrained into the gallery. The results of the analysis attempted to provide for an assessment of relative liability of the parties.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PEMBERIAN MAKANAN PENDAMPING AIR SUSU IBU OLEH IBU DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSAT KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT TAKARI TAHUN 2019
Authors: Dalle Demsi S. , Limbu Ribka , Boeky Daniela L.A.
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Pemberian MP-ASI  Oleh Ibu Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Takari Tahun 2019. Rancangan penelitian dengan desain cross sectional dengan teknik pengambilan data menggunakan instrument berupa kuesioner, jumlah sampel sebanyak 60 responden. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah univariat dan bivariat dengan uji chi square pada tingkat kemaknaan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, tingkat pengetahuan ibu baik sebanyak 24 (40%), ibu yang berumur muda sebanyak 31 (51,7%), ibu yang berpendidikan dasar sebanyak 31 (51,7%), ibu yang bekerja sebanyak 31 (51,7%), ibu yang berpendapatan rendah sebanyak  38 (63,3%), ibu yang mendapatkan informasi tentang MP-ASI sebanyak 34 (56,7%) dan ibu yang memberikan MP-ASI sebanyak 37 (61,7%). Berdasarkan analisis data didapatkan hasil bahwa variabel yang berhubungan dengan pemberian MP-ASI oleh ibu adalah pengetahuan ibu (p=0,003), pendidikan ibu (p=0,021), pekerjaan ibu (p=0,009), tingkat pendapatan ibu (p=0,015) dan keterpaparan informasi ibu (p =0,031). Sedangkan variabel yang tidak ada hubungan dengan pembrian MP-ASI oleh ibu adalah umur ibu (p=0,098). Melalui telaah pustaka dengan melihat kembali peneliti terdahulu, secara teori dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan antara variabel pengetahuan, pendidikan, pekerjaan, tingkat pendapatan dan keterpaparan informasi dengan pemberian MP- ASI oleh ibu di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Takari Tahun 2019.
Measurement report: The effect of aerosol chemical composition on
light scattering due to the hygroscopic swelling effect
Authors: Ren Rongmin , Li Zhanqing , Yan Peng , Wang Yuying , Wu Hao , Wang Wei , Jin Xiao'ai , Li Yanan , Zhang Dongmei , Cribb Maureen
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Liquid water in aerosol particles has a significant effect on optical properties, especially on light scattering, whose dependence on chemical composition is investigated here using measurements made in southern Beijing in 2019. The effect is measured by the enhancement of aerosol hygroscopic factor, f(RH = 85 %, 525 nm), which is found to be positively and negatively impacted by the proportions of inorganic and organic matters respectively. Black carbon is also negatively correlated. The positive impact is more robust when the inorganic matter mass fraction was smaller than 40 % (correlation coefficient, R = 0.93) which becomes weaker as the inorganic matter mass fraction gets larger (R = 0.48). A similar pattern was also found in the negative impact for organic matter mass fraction. Nitrate played a more significant role in aerosol hygroscopicity than sulfate in Beijing. However, the deliquescence point of ambient aerosols was at about RH = 80 % when the ratio of the sulfate mass concentration to the nitrate mass concentration of the aerosol was high (mostly higher than ~4). Two schemes to parameterize f(RH) were developed in accounting for the deliquescent and non-deliquescent effects. Using only one f(RH) parameterization scheme to fit all f(RH) processes would incur large errors. A piecewise parameterization scheme is proposed, which can better describe deliquescence and reduces uncertainties in simulating aerosol hygroscopicity.
Satellite retrieval of cloud base height and geometric thickness of low-level
cloud based on CALIPSO
Authors: Lu Xin , Mao Feiyue , Rosenfeld Daniel , Zhu Yannian , Pan Zengxin , Gong Wei
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Lidar-based measurements of cloud base and top height (CBH and CTH) and cloud geometrical thickness (CGT) with greatly improved accuracy provide new scientific insights. However, direct observation of the active Cloud Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) cannot penetrate optically thick clouds to their base. A work around for this problem is developed and validated in this study. This method is based on the 333-m resolution low-level water cloud data obtained from the Vertical Feature Mask product of CALIPSO. The methodology can effectively minimize the interference of surface signals, boundary layer aerosols and cloud anvils of CBH retrieval. The methodology overcomes the full attenuation of the lidar in optically thick clouds by assuming that CBH of boundary layer clouds is similar over an area of several tens of km. This allows taking the CBH of the neighbouring penetrable shallower cloud as having CBH representative for the entire cloud field. The retrieved CBH was validated against two surface-based ceilometer measurements in the islands of Barbados and the Azores, with an error standard deviation of ±100 m. The accurate CBH allow us to obtain CGT, which is an essential parameter in understanding of the aerosol-cloud interaction. Based on this newly developed methodology, we retrieved the annual, seasonal and diurnal distributions of global CBH, CTH and CGT for two years, and analysed the variations of CBH and CTH over the ocean and land. Some highlights from these first of a kind high-precision cloud geometry observations show for annual mean values that: (1) The lowest CBH occurs over the eastern margins of the subtropical oceans and increases westward from 300–400 to 700–800 m. The CGT increases from 300 to 1200 m, respectively. In the western part of the tropical oceans CBH is 500–600 m and CGT is ~1500 m. (2) A narrow band of lower CBH and CGT occurs over the Equator, especially over the eastern parts of the oceans. (3) CBH and CGT over the Amazon and Congo rain forests are 1200 and 1500 m, respectively. CBH over the drier tropical lands is 1500–2000 m, with CGT of 800–1000 m. (4) Lowering CBH towards Antarctica in the Southern Oceans, while deepening CGT. (5) Seasonally, the mid-latitude global oceans have the lowest CBH (mostly below 500 m) and CGT in summer seasons, and the highest cloud in winter, while the CBH and CGT distribution reversed over high-latitude Southern Oceans. (6) There is an obvious diurnal cycle of maximum CTH and CGT over the tropics. Over the ocean, there is no discernible diurnal cycle in CBH, but during night CTH is higher by ~300 m.
Changes in global air pollutant emissions during the COVID-19
pandemic: a dataset for atmospheric chemistry modeling
Authors: Doumbia Thierno , Granier Claire , Elguindi Nellie , Bouarar Idir , Darras Sabine , Brasseur Guy , Gaubert Benjamin , Liu Yiming , Shi Xiaoqin , Stavrakou Trissevgeni , Tilmes Simone , Lacey Forrest , Deroubaix Adrien , Wang Tao
Published: January 2021

Abstract. In order to fight the spread of the global COVID-19 pandemic, most of the world countries have taken control measures such as lockdowns during a few weeks to a few months. These lockdowns had significant impacts on economic and personal activities in many countries. Several studies using satellite and surface observations have reported important changes in the spatial and temporal distributions of atmospheric pollutants and greenhouse gases. Global and regional chemistry-transport model studies are being performed in order to analyze the impact of these lockdowns on the distribution of atmospheric compounds. These modeling studies aim at evaluating the impact of the regional lockdowns at the global scale. In order to provide input for the global and regional model simulations, a dataset providing adjustment factors (AFs) that can easily be applied to global and regional emission inventories has been developed. This dataset provides, for the January–August 2020 period, gridded AFs at a 0.1 × 0.1 latitude/longitude degree resolution, on a daily or monthly basis for the transportation (road, air and ship traffic), power generation, industry and residential sectors. The quantification of AFs is based on activity data collected from different databases and previously published studies. A range of AFs is provided at each grid point for model sensitivity studies. The emission AFs developed in this study are applied to the CAMS global inventory (CAMS-GLOB-ANT_v4.2_R1.1), and the changes in emissions of the main pollutants are discussed for different regions of the world and the first six months of 2020. Maximum decreases in the emissions are found in February in Eastern China, with an average reduction of 20–30 % in NOx, NMVOCs and SO2 relative to the reference emissions. In the other regions, the maximum changes occur in April, with average reductions of 20–30 % for NOx, NMVOCs and CO in Europe and North America and larger decreases (30–50 %) in South America. In India and African regions, NOx and NMVOCs emissions are reduced by 15–30 %. For the others species, the maximum reductions are generally less than 15 %, except in South America, where large decreases in CO and BC are estimated. As discussed in the paper, reductions vary highly across regions and sectors, due to the differences in the duration of the lockdowns before partial or complete recovery. The dataset providing a range of AFs (average and average ± standard deviation) is called CONFORM (COvid adjustmeNt Factor fOR eMissions) (https://doi.org/10.25326/88). It is distributed by the Emissions of atmospheric Compounds and Compilation of Ancillary Data (ECCAD) database (https://eccad.aeris-data.fr/).
Hybrid data-model-based mapping of soil thickness in a mountainous
watershed
Authors: Yan Qina , Wainwright Haruko , Dafflon Baptiste , Uhlemann Sebastian , Steefel Carl I. , Falco Nicola , Kwang Jeffrey , Hubbard Susan S.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Soil thickness plays a central role in the interactions between vegetation, soils, and topography where it controls the retention and release of water, carbon, nitrogen, and metals. However, mapping soil thickness, here defined as the mobile regolith layer, at high spatial resolution remains challenging. Here, we develop a hybrid model that combines a process-based model and empirical relationships to estimate the spatial heterogeneity of soil thickness with fine spatial resolution (0.5 m). We apply this model to two examples of hillslopes (south-facing and north-facing, respectively) in the East River Watershed in Colorado that validates the effectiveness of the model. Two independent measurement methods – auger and cone penetrometer – are used to sample soil thickness at 78 locations to calibrate the local value of unconstrained parameters within the hybrid model. Sensitivity analysis using the hybrid model reveals that the diffusion coefficient used in hillslope diffusion modelling has the largest sensitivity among all input parameters. In addition, our results from both sampling and modeling show that, in general, the north-facing hillslope has a deeper soil layer than the south-facing hillslope. By comparing the soil thickness estimated between a machine learning approach and this hybrid model, the hybrid model provides higher accuracy and requires less sampling data. Modeling results further reveal that the south-facing hillslope has a slightly faster surface soil erosion rate and soil production rate than the north-facing hillslope, which suggests that the relatively less dense vegetation cover and drier surface soils on the south-facing slopes may influence soil characteristics. With only seven parameters for calibration, this hybrid model can provide a realistic soil thickness map at other study sites by with a relatively small amount of sampling dataset. Integrating process-based modeling and statistical analysis not only provides a thorough understanding of the fundamental mechanisms for soil thickness prediction, but integrates the strengths of both statistical approaches and process-based modeling approaches.
Remembering rhythm and rhyme: memorability of narratives for science communication
Authors: Negrete Aquiles
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Once upon a time, narratives were considered to be a non-reliable way of
representing and communicating science. Nowadays, narratives are widely
accepted as an accurate way of conveying science; they represent an
effective emotional trigger, a lasting memory structure and a powerful aid
for learning. To study how memorable different ways of presenting
information can be is a fundamental task for science communication in order to
evaluate materials that not only need to be understood by the general
public but also need to be retained in the long term as a part of the
communication process. In this paper, I will give a brief introduction to
cognitive psychology and the study of memory in relation to narratives. Evidence from the field of memory studies suggests that narratives represent a good recall device. They can generate emotion, and this in turn is a way of focusing attention, promoting rehearsal in memory and inducing long-term potentiation. Similarly, a story produces semantic links that might assist in storing and retrieving information from memory. Studies suggest that memory span and paired-associate recall have implications in storing and
recalling narratives. Evidence also suggests that the use of stories as
modelling tools can organise information, provide schemas and allow
extrapolation or prediction. Finally, literature in memory suggests that
narratives have value as mnemonic devices.
Identifying robust bias adjustment methods for European extreme precipitation in a multi-model pseudo-reality setting
Authors: Schmith Torben , Thejll Peter , Berg Peter , Boberg Fredrik , Christensen Ole Bøssing , Christiansen Bo , Christensen Jens Hesselbjerg , Madsen Marianne Sloth , Steger Christian
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Severe precipitation events occur rarely and are often localised in space and of short duration, but they are important for societal managing of infrastructure. Therefore, there is a demand for estimating future changes in the statistics of the occurrence of these rare events. These are often projected using data from regional climate model (RCM) simulations combined with extreme value analysis to obtain selected return levels of precipitation intensity. However, due to imperfections in the formulation of the physical parameterisations in the RCMs, the simulated present-day climate usually has biases relative to observations; these biases can be in the mean and/or in the higher moments. Therefore, the RCM results are adjusted to account for these deficiencies. However, this does not guarantee that the adjusted projected results will match the future reality better, since the bias may not be stationary in a changing climate. In the present work, we evaluate different adjustment techniques in a changing climate. This is done in an inter-model cross-validation set-up in which each model simulation, in turn, performs pseudo-observations against which the remaining model simulations are adjusted and validated. The study uses hourly data from historical and RCP8.5 scenario runs from 19 model simulations from the EURO-CORDEX ensemble at a 0.11∘ resolution. Fields of return levels for selected return periods are calculated for hourly and daily timescales based on 25-year-long time slices representing the present-day (1981–2005) and end-21st-century (2075–2099). The adjustment techniques applied to the return levels are based on extreme value analysis and include climate factor and quantile-mapping approaches. Generally, we find that future return levels can be improved by adjustment, compared to obtaining them from raw scenario model data. The performance of the different methods depends on the timescale considered. On hourly timescales, the climate factor approach performs better than the quantile-mapping approaches. On daily timescales, the superior approach is to simply deduce future return levels from pseudo-observations, and the second-best choice is using the quantile-mapping approaches. These results are found in all European subregions considered. Applying the inter-model cross-validation against model ensemble medians instead of individual models does not change the overall conclusions much.
Estimation of soil properties with mid-infrared soil spectroscopy
across yam production landscapes in West Africa
Authors: Baumann Philipp , Lee Juhwan , Frossard Emmanuel , Schönholzer Laurie Paule , Diby Lucien , Hgaza Valérie Kouamé , Kiba Delwende Innocent , Sila Andrew , Sheperd Keith , Six Johan
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Low soil fertility is challenging the sustainable production of staple crops in the yam belt of West Africa. Quantitative soil measures are needed to assess soil fertility decline and to improve crop fertilization management in the region. We developed and tested a mid-infrared (mid-IR) soil spectral library to enable timely and cost-efficient assessments of soil properties. Our collection included 80 soil samples from four landscapes (10 km × 10 km) and 20 fields/landscape across a gradient from humid forest to savanna, and 14 additional samples from one landscape that had been sampled within the Land Health Degradation Framework. We derived partial least square regression models to estimate soil properties with spectra.The models produced accurate cross-validated estimates of total carbon, total nitrogen, total sulfur, total iron, total aluminum, total potassium, total calcium, exchangeable calcium, effective cation exchange capacity, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) extractable iron and clay content (R2 > 0.75). The estimates of total zinc, pH, exchangeable magnesium, bioavailable copper and manganese were less predictable (R2 > 0.50). Our results confirm that mid-IR spectroscopy is a reliable and quick method assess the regional-scale variation in most soil properties, especially the ones closely associated with soil organic matter. Although the relatively small mid-IR library shows satisfactory performance, we expect that frequent but small model updates will be needed to adapt the library to the variation of soil quality attributes within individual fields in the regions and their temporal fluctuations.
Simone Trecca, Filmicidad / Literariedad / Teatralidad: la diseminación intermedial de tres clásicos españoles. Madrid: Visor, 2019. ISBN: 978-84-9895-217-9. 178 pp.
Authors: De la Torre Espinosa Mario
Published: January 2021

Reseña de: Trecca, Simone (2019). Filmicidad / Literariedad / Teatralidad: la diseminación intermedial de tres clásicos españoles. Madrid: Visor.
José Romera Castillo (ed.), Teatro y marginalismo(s) por sexo, raza e ideología en los inicios del siglo XXI. Madrid: Verbum, 2017. ISBN: 978-84-9074-586-1. 522 pp.
Authors: Saiz Escobar Bárbara
Published: January 2021

La presente reseña versa sobre el volumen Teatro y marginalismo(s) por sexo, raza e ideología en los inicios del siglo XXI, editado por José Romera Castillo.
La investigación sobre teatro infantil y juvenil en España: estado de la cuestión
Authors: Muñoz Cáliz Berta
Published: January 2021

El propósito de este artículo es reflejar cuál ha sido hasta ahora la situación de la investigación sobre teatro infantil en España. En él se ofrece un panorama de los estudios publicados desde los años 60 hasta la actualidad, abarcando especialmente repertorios de textos editados, obras de carácter historiográfico y estudios monográficos sobre autores, pues han sido estas principalmente las sendas que han recorrido hasta el momento los estudiosos de esta materia. Igualmente, en aquellos aspectos que aún no han sido suficientemente explorados, se ofrecen algunas de las fuentes documentales a las que puede acudir el investigador para emprender futuros estudios sobre esta materia.
Exploring nexus among sensory marketing and repurchase intention: Application of S-O-R Model
Authors: Perumal Selvan , Ali Jawad , Shaarih Hasnizam
Published: January 2021

The primary objective of the present research is to examine the impact of touch and gustatory stimuli on airline image and repurchase intention. Furthermore, the present research examines the moderating role of price fairness and mediation impact of airline image. The researchers gather data from the customers of PIA and Airblue travelling abroad from Islamabad International Airport, Karachi International airport and Lahore International airport by employing multi-stage sampling technique. Total of 576 questionnaires was distributed among the respondents, and the response rate was 68.9%. For the analysis of data received, the researcher employed PLS-SEM. The finding of the study confirmed the significant impact of touch and gustatory stimuli on airline image and repurchase intention. Findings of the study revealed the mediating role of airline image among touch, gustatory and repurchase intention was significant as well. At the end, perceived price fairness also moderated the relationship of airline image and repurchase intention. The present study fills the gap of limited studies conducted in the past regarding sensory stimuli in the context of the airline industry, the role of airline image as a mediator under SOR model and moderating impact of perceived price. Findings of the present study are helpful for policymakers and practitioners of the airline industry in Pakistan to develop the strategy by which they can retain their customers on international routes.
TECHNIQUES FOR FIXED DENTAL RESTORATIONS REMOVAL - CLASSIFICATION, DECISION ON THE CORRECT APPROACH, ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Authors:   Department of Dental Material Science and Propedeutics of Prosthetic Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University Varna, Bulgaria., Vasileva Radostina
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Fixed dental restorations possess a predefined period of use. Most often they are removed by means of sectioning which renders them unusable. Reasons exist when practitioners shall preserve the restoration, applying conservative approaches for removing. In the literature, apart from the classic destructive technique with sectioning, conservative, semi-conservative and combined techniques for removal are described. The aim of this article is to present a complete classification and description of different approaches to remove permanently and temporarily fixed prosthetic constructions. Materials and methods: A literature study was conducted athe beginning of 2019. Information was gathered using dental textbooks on the topic specified and online scientific databases such as PubMed, ResearchGate, etc. Conclusion Through this article, a conclusion was drawn that a full classification or description of removal techniques for fixed dentures has not been done in the Bulgarian literature so far. It is reported that information for patients about advantages, disadvantages and dangers of removing a permanently cemented restoration is of great importance. Except for the destructive ones, all methods described here may be used when removing temporarily fixated constructions. The selection of the ideal system or a combination depends on the clinical situation. Safest and most atraumatic for underlying structures when removing permanently cemented restorations is the destructive approach. Practitioners must be precisely familiar with the techniques so as to be able to preserve the construction, to avoid any danger connected with the clinical case. According to data gathered, no approach is universally applicable when removing fixed prosthetic restorations.
The Glotopolitical Perspective and the Linguistic Standardization: Perspectives about the Portuguese Language
Authors: Souza Sweder
Published: January 2021

This paper discusses the glotopolitical perspective, understood as any and all political and social action, conscious or not, about language (Guespin & Marcellesi, 1986; Lagares, 2018) and some Portuguese Language nominations – language as Hypostasis (Bagno, 2011, 2019), Official State/National Language (Faraco, 2008, 2016) and Mother Tongue –, so that readers have a broad theoretical-methodological panel of research in the theoretical field of glotopolitics and linguistics, which here come into clashes, confluences and displacements.
Cambios en la imagen urbana del centro histórico de la ciudad de Granada, Nicaragua: planes y proyectos
Authors: López Irías Néstor Saúl
Published: January 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar los principales cambios en la imagen urbana del centro histórico de la ciudad de Granada, un escenario de relevancia local, que toma interés ya que posee valor patrimonial y natural en el contexto nacional, esto ha llevado a que se realicen planes y proyectos de intervención en las últimas décadas. Trayendo consigo nuevas acciones que han alterado y deteriorado la esencia de su imagen y paisaje, así como, han dado paso a otros procesos urbanos, vinculados a la oferta/demanda turística y la globalización, olvidando la importancia y valores patrimoniales que el sitio simboliza para la ciudad y sus habitantes.
Prevalence of unintended pregnancy and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics
Authors: Elshrqawy Eman H. , Elnemr Amina M.
Published: January 2021

Objective: Unintended pregnancy is an important worldwide public health problem and one of the important factors contributing to high level of maternal and child morbidity and mortality. The study was aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of unintended pregnancy among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics.Methods: The study followed a descriptive cross-sectional design on 1,254 pregnant women who were chosen by convenient sample technique. The study was done at governmental hospitals in EL-Mansoura City, Egypt including: The antenatal clinics of Obstetric and Gynecological specialty Center at EL-Mansoura University Hospitals, Old General Hospital and Mansoura International Hospital. Two tools were utilized for data collection (The Urdu version of pregnancy intention scale (LMUP) and structured Interviewing Questionnaire.Results: The prevalence of unintended pregnancy among studied women was (29.1%), of which 229 (18.3%) were mistimed and 136 (10.8%) were unwanted. Age, higher family size, lower family income, gravidity, parity, increased number of children and birth spacing were significantly associated with unintended pregnancy.Conclusions: The study concluded that the prevalence of unintended pregnancy was high in El-Mansoura city. It is recommended to develop educational programs and campaigns especially for rural areas to improve awareness regarding family planning and other co-factors associated with unintended pregnancy.
Role of Revenue Mobilisation in the Growth and Development of Economy: A Case Analysis of Greece
Authors: Kalogiannidis Stavros
Published: January 2021

The mobilizing processes in terms of long-term impact on the economy of Greece and the euro zone. Thereafter, Troika was invented in order to facilitate Greece to overcome the historical crisis.Research aim: The research has its focus on bureaucratic obstacles as well as complicated policies of fiscal laws under European Governance and regulations. Revenue mobilization might have influenced the country from a huge amount of debts. Since, it has been proved to be productive and effective, as per policies formed from the transferable Troika’s policies. The contemporary crisis was handled with the resiliency of revenue mobilization along with digitization and innovations. The primary objective of the tax system is to raise the revenue that will aid in offering the nation with valuable services to the citizens, developing the nation, encouraging innovations and trade.Period: the period of imposing revenue mobilization in the growth and the development of the economy of Greece.Research method: After the whole research study the methodologies used is the secondary methods where no analysis or physical surveys are done. The primary methods are not used all the methods are based on the researches and the studies available. The effects that have been observed by the development functions and the statistics that is available after the influence of the growth after the revenue mobilization.Country: The country taken here is GREECEResearch result: Revenue mobilization has been considered as an excellent choice for the development of the economy of a country. Taking help from the International Monetary Fund or the World Bank is considered as debt which has to be repaid, whereas revenue is collected from the country itself as taxation and tariffs. The revenue has helped the government to accumulate capital for various expenditures in the development of the nation such as building infrastructure and improving health facilities.
A Correlational Study of the English Listening and Speaking Anxiety in Rural Areas
Authors: Hamid Tuan Muhammad Hanif Tuan Ab , Idrus Faizah
Published: January 2021

English proficiency amongst Malaysian is debatably on a decline. Possible causes of this phenomenon are extensively argued. Thus, renewed interest towards English language anxiety, an internal factor of learners’ level of intensity in listening and speaking skills, can sometimes be overlooked. An investigation was conducted on selected secondary schools' students in Selangor, a state in Malaysia. The schools lacked facilities and meagerly equipped with basic resources and facilities. A total of 311 non-national examination takers students from three different schools were selected. A set of questionnaire were distributed which adopted a composite of foreign language anxiety surveys, measuring their level of anxiety towards the English language classroom according to the four language skills (reading, listening, speaking, writing). The results were measured and the scores were tabulated. A correlation was established between the listening anxiety and speaking anxiety skill from the scores. This finding explored the possibility of reducing language anxiety in two skills by intervening in only one instance which can be helpful in reducing the time spent on managing the English language classroom anxiety. However, further studies should be conducted in order to improve the validity of this result.
A Corpus-Based Critical Discourse Analysis of News Reports on the COVID-19 Pandemic in China and the UK
Authors: Yu Hangyan , Lu Huiling , Hu Jie
Published: January 2021

Media, as important windows for the public to get to know timely information, play a vital role in influencing citizens’ attitudes as well as behaviors. From 2019, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a global health emergency, has aroused great concern of the international community, including media. Varied in cultural context, political stand, and people’s ideology, however, media in different countries reported the COVID-19 dissimilarly. According to Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis (CDA) model, it is posited that the discrepancies in the reports of the COVID-19 can reflect ideological differences and have explanatory power in the development of the COVID-19 in distinct countries. Based on this premise, by utilizing the database analysis software AntConc 3.2.4w on self-built corpora, this study analyzed the news reports of different stages on the COVID-19 in China and the UK, i.e., in China Daily and The Guardian, respectively, and attempted to reveal the discourse characteristics in the two media, together with the discussion on their possible relations to the pandemic-controlling practices. The corpus-based analysis showed that China Daily used more objective and neutral words in the descriptions of the COVID-19 and expressed more active attitudes in fighting against the epidemic, whereas The Guardian used more negative words in describing the pandemic and words with weak restricting force when reporting policies concerning the control and prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the comparison between the discourse before and after the lockdown demonstrated that the descriptions of the COVID-19 in the UK media transformed into a more objective and neutral one than before with an increased use of expressions of restriction and social conflicts. The same comparison in the discourse of China Daily found that words about sharing experience and promoting cooperation augmented noticeably. The above-mentioned findings were also discussed together with these two countries’ domestic epidemic situations and ideological differences, respectively.
Dynamic Correlation Multivariate Stochastic Volatility Black-Litterman With Latent Factors
Authors: S. Andrei Mihnea , Ghosh Sujit K. , Zou Jian
Published: January 2021

In finance, it is often of interest to study market volatility for portfolios that may consist of a large number of assets using multivariate stochastic volatility models. However, such models, though useful, do not usually incorporate investor views that might be available. In this paper we introduce a novel hierarchical Bayesian methodology of modeling volatility for a large portfolio of assets that incorporates investor’s personal views of the market via the Black-Litterman (BL) model. We extend the scope and use of BL models by using it within a multivariate stochastic volatility model based on latent factors for dimensionality reduction but allows for time varying correlations. Detailed derivations of MCMC algorithm are provided with an illustration with S&P500 asset returns. Moreover, sensitivity analysis for the confidence levels that the investor has in their personal views is also explored. Numerical results show that the proposed method provides flexible interpretation based on the investor’s uncertainty in personal beliefs, and converges to the empirical sample estimate when their confidence level of the market becomes weak.
Characterizations of the Discrete Lindley and Discrete Poisson-Lindley Distributions
Authors: Hamedani G.G. , Najaf Mahrokh
Published: January 2021

Certain characterizations of the discrete Lindley and discrete Poisson-Lindley distributions, originally introduced by Bakouch, Jazi and Nadarjah (2014) and Sankaran (1970), respectively, are presented. Al-Babtain, Gemeay and Afify (2020) revisited these distributions and provided estimation methods and actuarial measures as well as their applications in medicine. This short note is intended to complete, in some way, Al-Babtain, Gemeay and Afify (2020)’s work. It should be mentioned that the probability mass functions reported in the two papers mentioned above are not correct. In this note, it will be explained why they are not correct.
Bespreking van: R. Stockmann, W. Meyer & L. Taube (Eds.), The institutionalisation of evaluation in Europe, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan 2020
Authors: Hoetjes Ben
Published: January 2021

Bespreking van: R. Stockmann, W. Meyer & L. Taube (Eds.), The institutionalisation of evaluation in Europe, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan 2020

‘The institutionalisation of evaluation in Europe’ is een lijvige, Engelstalige bundel over de institutionalisering van de beleidsevaluatie in Europa, onder redactie van drie Duitse evaluatiedeskundigen. Het boek bestaat uit een inleidend hoofdstuk over het analytisch begrippenkader en de gevolgde methode, zestien landenhoofdstukken, geschreven door nationale experts en twee internationale organisaties, en tot slot een synthesehoofdstuk van de hand van de drie redacteuren. Centraal thema is de verankering van de beleidsevaluatie in het politiek-bestuurlijk systeem, de civiele samenleving en de beroepsgroepen. De bundel is de eerste in een reeks van vier boeken, die samen een ‘wereldkaart van evaluatiesystemen’ moeten opleveren. Elk hoofdstuk bevat een uitgebreid notenapparaat, literatuurverwijzingen, figuren en tabellen.
Elementos analíticos del conductus en E-Mn 20486: referencias bíblicas y devoción mariana a través del repertorio polifónico.
Authors: Sastre González Javier
Published: January 2021

El manuscrito E-Mn 20486 es considerada como una de las principales fuentes con repertorio polifónico del siglo XIII que se conserva en la actualidad. Su importante colección de motetes, organa y contucti nos muestran el desarrollo de la técnica compositiva a varias voces que arrancó a partir de la denominada Escuela de Notre Dame. Uno de los principales estilos es el conductus, heredero del primitivo versus lemosino, en el cual la poesía y la música de nueva creación dan lugar a novedosas piezas en estilo discantus, con interesantes pasajes polifónicos a varias voces, un gran desarrollo musical y temáticas variopintas, yendo de lo sacro a lo profano. En el presente artículo tenemos como objetivo realizar una aproximación a este repertorio copiado en el manuscrito madrileño a través de las alusiones literarias a pasajes bíblicos y a la gran devoción mariana castellana.
Noves aportacions per a un estudi de l’evolució arquitectònica del monestir cistercenc de Santa Maria de la Real de Mallorca
Authors: Reus Planells Guillem Alexandre
Published: January 2021

L’orde del Cister es va establir a Mallorca gràcies a la conquesta catalana de 1229. El 1233 es fundà un primer monestir en terres de l’alqueria Alpic d’Esporles, però a l’any 1239 els monjos s’establiren en unes terres a prop de la ciutat de Mallorca, on a partir de 1254 aixecaren un segon monestir, en el que s’hi instal·laren el 1266. L’orde del Cister ocupà el monestir de Santa Maria de la Real fins a l’any 1836, quan, mitjançant la llei de Desamortització de Mendizábal, foren obligats a abandonar el lloc. Més endavant, el 1897 i fins a dia d’avui, la vella abadia cistercenca fou ocupada pels Missioners dels Sagrats Cors. Amb la recerca de diversa documentació i bibliografia s’han pogut revisar la topografia del cenobi i plantejar algunes hipòtesis que se’ns dubte ens ofereixen nous punts de vista sobre l’evolució arquitectònica de diverses estances monacals tan importants com l’església, el claustre, el refetor, la cuina o la sala capitular.
Note from the Editor
Authors: Kumik Ewa
Published: January 2021

Note from the Editor