bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acquired ribosomopathies in leukemia and solid tumors
Authors: Vlachos Adrianna
Published: April 2019

A mutation in the gene encoding the small subunit-associated ribosomal protein RPS19, leading to RPS19 haploinsufficiency, is one of the ribosomal protein gene defects responsible for the rare inherited bone marrow failure syndrome Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA). Additional inherited and acquired defects in ribosomal proteins (RPs) continue to be identified and are the basis for a new class of diseases called the ribosomopathies. Acquired RPS14 haploinsufficiency has been found to be causative of the bone marrow failure found in 5q– myelodysplastic syndromes. Both under- and overexpression of RPs have also been implicated in several malignancies. This review will describe the somatic ribosomopathies that have been found to be associated with a variety of solid tumors as well as leukemia and will review cancers in which over- or underexpression of these proteins seem to be associated with outcome.
Genetics and prognosis of ALL in children vs adults
Authors: Roberts Kathryn G.
Published: April 2019

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is characterized by genetic alterations that block differentiation, promote proliferation of lymphoid precursor cells, and are important for risk stratification. Although ALL is less common in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) and adults than children, survival rates are inferior, and long-term prognosis for adults is poor. Thus, ALL remains a challenging disease to treat in the AYA and adult populations. A major contributing factor that influences prognosis in this population is the reduced prevalence of genetic subtypes associated with favorable outcome and a concomitant increase in subtypes associated with poor outcome. Recent advances in genomic profiling across the age spectrum continue to enhance our knowledge of the differences in disease biology between children and adults and are providing important insights into novel therapeutic targets. Philadelphia chromosome-like (Ph-like) ALL is one such subtype characterized by alterations that deregulate cytokine receptor or tyrosine kinase signaling and are amenable to inhibition with approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors. One of the greatest challenges now remaining is determining how to implement this breadth of genomic information into rapid and accurate diagnostic testing to facilitate the development of novel clinical trials that improve the outcome of AYAs and adults with ALL.
Inherited hemolytic anemia: a possessive beginner’s guide
Authors: Mohandas Narla
Published: April 2019

Significant advances have been made in diagnosis and clinical management of inherited red cell membrane disorders that result in hemolytic anemia. Membrane structural defects lead to hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and hereditary elliptocytosis (HE), whereas altered membrane transport function accounts for hereditary xerocytosis (HX) and hereditary overhydrated stomatocytosis (OHS). The degrees of membrane loss and resultant increases in cell sphericity determine the severity of anemia in HS and HE, and splenectomy leads to amelioration of anemia by increasing the circulatory red cell life span. Alterations in cell volume as a result of disordered membrane cation permeability account for reduced life span red cells in HX and OHS. Importantly, splenectomy is not beneficial in these 2 membrane transport disorders and is not recommended because it is ineffective and may lead to an increased risk of life-threatening thrombosis. Rational approaches are now available for the diagnosis and management of these inherited red cell disorders, and these will be discussed in this review.
A brief, but comprehensive, guide to clonal evolution in aplastic anemia
Authors: Babushok Daria V.
Published: April 2019

Acquired aplastic anemia (AA) is an immune-mediated bone marrow aplasia that is strongly associated with clonal hematopoiesis upon marrow recovery. More than 70% of AA patients develop somatic mutations in their hematopoietic cells. In contrast to other conditions linked to clonal hematopoiesis, such as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential in the elderly, the top alterations in AA are closely related to its immune pathogenesis. Nearly 40% of AA patients carry somatic mutations in the PIGA gene manifested as clonal populations of cells with the paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria phenotype, and 17% of AA patients have loss of HLA class I alleles. It is estimated that between 20% and 35% of AA patients have somatic mutations associated with hematologic malignancies, most characteristically in the ASXL1, BCOR, and BCORL1 genes. Risk factors for evolution to MDS in AA include the duration of disease, acquisition of high-risk somatic mutations, and age at AA onset. Emerging data suggest that several HLA class I alleles not only predispose to the development of AA but may also predispose to clonal evolution in AA patients. Long-term prospective studies are needed to determine the true prognostic implications of clonal hematopoiesis in AA. This article provides a brief, but comprehensive, review of our current understanding of clonal evolution in AA and concludes with 3 cases that illustrate a practical approach for integrating results of next-generation molecular studies into the clinical care of AA patients in 2018.
Up/down acoustic wavefield decomposition using a single propagation and its application in reverse time migration
Authors: Revelo Daniel E. , Pestana Reynam C.
Published: April 2019

The separation of up- and downgoing wavefields is an important technique in the processing of multicomponent recorded data, propagating wavefields, and reverse time migration (RTM). Most of the previous methods for separating up/down propagating wavefields can be grouped according to their implementation strategy: a requirement to save time steps to perform Fourier transform over time or construction of the analytical wavefield through a solution of the wave equation twice (one for the source and another for the Hilbert-transformed source), in which both strategies have a high computational cost. For computing the analytical wavefield, we are proposing an alternative method based on the first-order partial equation in time and by just solving the wave equation once. Our strategy improves the computation of wavefield separation, and it can bring the causal imaging condition into practice. For time extrapolation, we are using the rapid expansion method to compute the wavefield and its first-order time derivative and then we can compute the analytical wavefield. By computing the analytical wavefield, we can, therefore, separate the wavefield into up- and downgoing components for each time step in an explicit way. Applications to synthetic models indicate that our method allows performing the wavefield decomposition similarly to the conventional method, as well as a potential application for the 3D case. For RTM applications, we can now use the causal imaging condition for several synthetic examples. Acoustic RTM up/down decomposition demonstrates that it can successfully remove the low-frequency noise, which is common in the typical crosscorrelation imaging condition, and it is usually removed by applying a Laplacian filter. Moreover, our method is efficient in terms of computational time when compared to RTM using an analytical wavefield computed by two propagations, and it is a little more costly than conventional RTM using the crosscorrelation imaging condition.
Platform-Independent Classification System to Predict Molecular Subtypes of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Shilpi Arunima , Kandpal Manoj , Ji Yanrong , Seagle Brandon L. , Shahabi Shohreh , Davuluri Ramana V.
Published: April 2019

PURPOSE

Molecular cancer subtyping is an important tool in predicting prognosis and developing novel precision medicine approaches. We developed a novel platform-independent gene expression–based classification system for molecular subtyping of patients with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC).

METHODS

Unprocessed exon array (569 tumor and nine normal) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq; 376 tumor) HGSOC data sets, with clinical annotations, were downloaded from the Genomic Data Commons portal. Sample clustering was performed by non-negative matrix factorization by using isoform-level expression estimates. The association between the subtypes and overall survival was evaluated by Cox proportional hazards regression model after adjusting for the covariates. A novel classification system was developed for HGSOC molecular subtyping. Robustness and generalizability of the gene signatures were validated using independent microarray and RNA-seq data sets.

RESULTS

Sample clustering recaptured the four known The Cancer Genome Atlas molecular subtypes but switched the subtype for 22% of the cases, which resulted in significant ( P = .006) survival differences among the refined subgroups. After adjusting for covariate effects, the mesenchymal subgroup was found to be at an increased hazard for death compared with the immunoreactive subgroup. Both gene- and isoform-level signatures achieved more than 92% prediction accuracy when tested on independent samples profiled on the exon array platform. When the classifier was applied to RNA-seq data, the subtyping calls agreed with the predictions made from exon array data for 95% of the 279 samples profiled by both platforms.

CONCLUSION

Isoform-level expression analysis successfully stratifies patients with HGSOC into groups with differing prognosis and has led to the development of robust, platform-independent gene signatures for HGSOC molecular subtyping. The association of the refined The Cancer Genome Atlas HGSOC subtypes with overall survival, independent of covariates, enhances the clinical annotation of the HGSOC cohort.
Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Do More Options Mean Greater Benefits?
Authors: Bouberhan Sara , Shea Meghan , Cannistra Stephen A.
Published: April 2019

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors’ suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice.

A healthy 51-year-old woman presented with increasing abdominal and pelvic pain. Computed tomography imaging of the abdomen and pelvis showed an 11.6-cm pelvic mass, retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, right hydronephrosis, and mesenteric tumor deposits ( Fig 1A ). A serum CA-125 was elevated at 1,149 U/mL. She underwent primary surgical cytoreduction including hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, appendectomy, resection of pelvic tumor, omentectomy, and low anterior resection with colorectal anastomosis. Intraoperatively, she was noted to have bilateral ovarian masses, pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenopathy, and a 4-cm omental tumor; in addition, both the uterus and rectosigmoid colon had adherent tumor deposits. All gross tumor was resected during the procedure. Final pathology confirmed high-grade serous carcinoma of ovarian origin ( Fig 1B ) that was determined to be stage IIIC as a result of upper abdominal involvement with greater than 2-cm tumor deposits, as well as retroperitoneal lymph node involvement. She underwent germline genetic testing, which did not identify a mutation in the BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, RAD51C, or RAD51D genes. She presented for adjuvant chemotherapy after an optimal (R0) resection.
Clinical Features of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 4: Novel Pathogenic Variant and Review of Published Cases
Authors: Frederiksen Anja , Rossing Maria , Hermann Pernille , Ejersted Charlotte , Thakker Rajesh V , Frost Morten
Published: April 2019

Context

The clinical phenotype of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 (MEN4) is undefined due to a limited number of published cases. Knowledge on disease manifestation in MEN4 is essential for developing prevention programs and treatment.

Objective

To expand current knowledge of the MEN4 phenotype including assessment of penetrance.

Design

This is a case report and a brief review of previously published MEN4 cases.

Patients

We report a large Danish family with multiple cases of endocrine tumors that segregated with a pathogenic variant in the CDKN1B gene.

Main Outcome/Result

The medical history of the proband included primary hyperparathyroidism and Cushing disease. Genetic analysis identified a pathogenic variant in CDKN1B (c.121_122delTT, p.Leu41Asnfs*83). Among the family members, another 12 individuals were identified as carriers of the same variant, which segregated with development of endocrine tumors. Hypercalcemia due to primary hyperparathyroidism occurred in all 13 of the available carriers of the genetic variant, and 4 patients also had functioning or nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas, whereas 1 patient had a metastatic neuroendocrine tumor (carcinoid). Loss-of-heterozygosity was detected in two of five parathyroid adenomas, supporting that CDKN1B acts as a tumor suppressor gene. Thirty cases representing 16 different CDKN1B variants have previously been reported, and these cases presented primarily with primary hyperparathyroidism and functioning and nonfunctioning pituitary tumors.

Conclusion

Hypercalcemia due to primary hyperparathyroidism and pituitary tumors are common in MEN4. Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors appear to be less prevalent in MEN4 than in MEN1.
Brain organoids: advances, applications and challenges
Authors: Qian Xuyu , Song Hongjun , Ming Guo-li
Published: April 2019

Brain organoids are self-assembled three-dimensional aggregates generated from pluripotent stem cells with cell types and cytoarchitectures that resemble the embryonic human brain. As such, they have emerged as novel model systems that can be used to investigate human brain development and disorders. Although brain organoids mimic many key features of early human brain development at molecular, cellular, structural and functional levels, some aspects of brain development, such as the formation of distinct cortical neuronal layers, gyrification, and the establishment of complex neuronal circuitry, are not fully recapitulated. Here, we summarize recent advances in the development of brain organoid methodologies and discuss their applications in disease modeling. In addition, we compare current organoid systems to the embryonic human brain, highlighting features that currently can and cannot be recapitulated, and discuss perspectives for advancing current brain organoid technologies to expand their applications.
Antagonism between the RNA-binding protein Musashi1 and miR-137 and its potential impact on neurogenesis and glioblastoma development
Authors: Velasco Mitzli X. , Kosti Adam , Guardia Gabriela D.A. , Santos Marcia C. , Tegge Allison , Qiao Mei , Correa Bruna R.S. , Hernández Greco , Kokovay Erzsebet , Galante Pedro A.F. , Penalva Luiz O.F.
Published: April 2019

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and miRNAs are critical gene expression regulators that interact with one another in cooperative and antagonistic fashions. We identified Musashi1 (Msi1) and miR-137 as regulators of a molecular switch between self-renewal and differentiation. Msi1 and miR-137 have opposite expression patterns and functions, and Msi1 is repressed by miR-137. Msi1 is a stem–cell protein implicated in self-renewal while miR-137 functions as a proneuronal differentiation miRNA. In gliomas, miR-137 functions as a tumor suppressor while Msi1 is a prooncogenic factor. We suggest that the balance between Msi1 and miR-137 is a key determinant in cell fate decisions and disruption of this balance could contribute to neurodegenerative diseases and glioma development. Genomic analyses revealed that Msi1 and miR-137 share 141 target genes associated with differentiation, development, and morphogenesis. Initial results pointed out that these two regulators have an opposite impact on the expression of their target genes. Therefore, we propose an antagonistic model in which this network of shared targets could be either repressed by miR-137 or activated by Msi1, leading to different outcomes (self-renewal, proliferation, tumorigenesis).
«New» Audit and «New» Crisis
Authors: Березюк В. , Berezyuk V.
Published: April 2019

Th is article discusses a range of issues related to the implementation of an audit in a crisis. Special attention is paid to the problems and prospects of the “new” audit, which is necessary to prevent the loss of the subject’s resources and to make necessary changes within the enterprise.
Some Features of Tax Audit and Problematic Issues of Taxation of Oil and Gas Companies
Authors: Каширина М. , Kashirina M.
Published: April 2019

Th e article reveals the main goals and objectives of tax audit. Th e demand for tax audit in Russia is justifi ed. The problematic, complex and controversial issues of taxation of oil and gas companies are considered. Th e possible tax risks in the calculation and payment of a new tax on additional income from the production of hydrocarbons are analyzed.
On the Nonergodic Convergence Rate of an Inexact Augmented Lagrangian Framework for Composite Convex Programming
Authors: Liu Ya-Feng , Liu Xin , Ma Shiqian
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we consider the linearly constrained composite convex optimization problem, whose objective is a sum of a smooth function and a possibly nonsmooth function. We propose an inexact augmented Lagrangian (IAL) framework for solving the problem. The stopping criterion used in solving the augmented Lagrangian subproblem in the proposed IAL framework is weaker and potentially much easier to check than the one used in most of the existing IAL frameworks/methods. We analyze the global convergence and the nonergodic convergence rate of the proposed IAL framework. Preliminary numerical results are presented to show the efficiency of the proposed IAL framework and the importance of the nonergodic convergence and convergence rate analysis.
Brownian Control Problems for a Multiclass M/M/1 Queueing Problem with Model Uncertainty
Authors: Cohen Asaf
Published: April 2019

We consider a multidimentional Brownian control problem (BCP) with model uncertainty that formally emerges from a multiclass M/M/1 queueing control problem under heavy traffic with model uncertainty. The BCP is formulated as a multidimensional stochastic differential game with two players: a minimizer who has an equivalent role to the decision maker in the queueing control problem and a maximizer whose role is to set up the uncertainty of the model. The dynamics are driven by a Brownian motion. We show that a state-space collapse properly holds. That is, the multidimensional BCP can be reduced to a one-dimensional BCP with model uncertainty that also takes the form of a two-player stochastic differential game. Then, the value function of both games is characterized as the unique solution to a free-boundary problem from which we extract equilibria for both games. Finally, we analyze the dependence of the value function and the equilibria on the ambiguity parameters.
The importance of respiratory rate monitoring
Authors: Rolfe Sandy
Published: April 2019

Respiratory rate measurement is regarded as a core nursing skill. Yet there are numerous recorded discrepancies in the monitoring and assessment of patients' respiratory rate. This article discusses the importance of respiration rate in terms of patient clinical outcomes, monitoring and documentation.
The benefits of an animal-assisted intervention service to patients and staff at a children's hospital
Authors: Uglow Lyndsey S
Published: April 2019

An online survey of parents and staff was conducted to assess the effect of an animal-assisted intervention (AAI) service at a UK children's university teaching hospital. Three volunteer handlers with five golden retriever dogs provided AAIs across all eight paediatric wards including day, medical, surgical, oncology and intensive care. Interventions ranged from ‘meet and greet’ to assisting nursing care, physiotherapy and occupational therapy, as well as providing distraction during blood taking and other tests including radiology examinations. Two hundred surveys were completed and there was an overwhelmingly positive response to the service. No concerns were recorded with respect to the presence, cleanliness and behaviour of the dogs. There was a 100% recommendation that similar services should be supported across the UK.
Forward thinking with reverse mentoring
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: April 2019

Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals, has been reading about reverse mentoring and considers its usefulness within the NHS
Intravenous infusion drug administration: flushing guidance
Authors: Barton Andrew
Published: April 2019

Andrew Barton and NIVAS board colleagues have produced evidence-based guidelines for health profesionals on how to avoid under-dosing in IV therapy. These guidelines, in association with NIVAS, are presented here
Aesthetic management of white lesions in the permanent dentition
Authors: Field Richard
Published: April 2019

Tooth whitening to treat unaesthetic yellow/brown lesions has a strong evidence base and is a routine cosmetic procedure in many dental practices. The management of white lesions, however, is more challenging and is the subject of debate. As traditional whitening procedures may make white lesions more obvious in the short term, there is a risk that patients may be misinformed that limited treatment options are available, and they may be prescribed invasive cosmetic procedures instead. This paper aims to help clinicians accurately diagnose aetiological factors that produce white lesions and describes a hierarchy of treatment options which are both aesthetic and biologically respectful, focusing on the materials, equipment and clinical techniques that are available for the minimally invasive management of white lesions using resin infiltration.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper aims to help clinicians select the optimal materials, equipment and clinical techniques for the minimally invasive management of unaesthetic white enamel defects.
Resin Luting Materials
Authors: Burke F J Trevor
Published: April 2019

Luting materials are a central component of indirect dentistry, with the most recently introduced types being resin-based materials. These may be classified into conventional resin luting materials, self-adhesive resin luting materials and ‘smart’ resin luting materials. Their physical properties have been found to be good, with no risk of dissolution in the dilute organic acids found in plaque, such as occurs with phosphate and glass ionomer cements. Uses of resin luting materials include the luting of any indirect restoration, but these materials have facilitated the development of the resin-retained bridge and aesthetic ceramic or composite restorations, notwithstanding the fact that they may provide, for the first time, truly adhesive luting of crowns and inlays.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Resin luting materials are appropriate for placement of all indirect restorations: the self-adhesive variants have simplified the use of such materials.
Don't forget the foal: the nursing requirements of hospitalised foals when the mare is the primary patient
Authors: Harniman Suzannah
Published: April 2019

In the post-partum period, there are a range of factors that could result in the hospitalisation of the mare. To minimise the long-term impact that the hospitalisation period has on the physical and behavioural development of the foal veterinary practices should have a protocol in place to care for a foal even though the mare is the primary patient. When patients are admitted detailed information should be gathered from the owner about both the mare and the foal. This provides valuable information necessary to plan appropriate nursing care. Important factors that need to be considered when planning care include the nutritional needs of the foal, the development of the selective bond between the mare and the foal and the handling of them as patients.

Where possible the owner should be encouraged to participate in the care of their mare and the foal during the hospitalisation period. This will help the owner feel more involved in the provision of care and have a better understanding of the mare and foal's care requirements post discharge. This is a technique used in human paediatric nursing and is known as parent participation in care.
Standardization & Development of Rat Model with Iron Deficiency Anaemia Utilising Commercial Available Iron Deficient Food
Authors: Kapil Thakur Mansee , Sameer Kulkarni Smital , Mohanty Nimain , N. Kadam Nitin. , S. Swain Niharika
Published: April 2019

Many research centres have developed various animal models with Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) by using iron deficient feeds as well as different chemicals. Model for iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in rats has been created by the use of iron elimination from diet components as much as possible. The present study elaborates and concludes the development of IDA rat model by investigating different parameters like body weight, haematological indices, peripheral smear, immunoassay studies and histopathological studies using commercially available iron deficient diet. 12 Wistar albino female rats weighing 180-200 gm were selected with normal haemoglobin range of 12 - 15 g/dL purchased from Bombay Veterinary College, Parel and divided into two groups – Control (3 no. of rats) and Test (9 no. of rats). The test group was fed with iron deficient diet (VRK Nutritional Solutions) whereas control group was fed with standard diet. The time duration of the study was 5 weeks (35 days) and 6 weeks (42 days). Retro orbital blood for both control and treated was drawn at both time intervals so as to analyse haematological and immunoassay studies. Peripheral smear staining was carried out to observe the gross morphology of RBCs for iron deficient and control rats. The body weights were recorded before and after treatment and statistical significance was calculated. Post exposure rats were dissected and organs like heart, kidney, liver, lungs and spleen were collected for histopathological analysis. Our results showed decreased levels of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), reticulocyte count, serum iron (SI), serum ferritin (SF) and an increase in total iron binding capacity (TIBC). in IDA animals exposed to 42 days of iron deficient diet. Significant difference (p<0.5) was observed in body weights of rats when compared with the data before and after treatment. The peripheral smear has indicated microcytic hypochromic RBCs in test group confirming development of IDA model. The histopathological results revealed the abnormality at cellular level like congestion of blood vessels in heart, congestion and centrilobular hepatocyte with inflammatory cell infiltration in liver, perivasculitis in lungs and decrease in white pulp in spleen whereas kidney were found normal. Our results clearly demonstrate iron deficient rat model when administered with IDA feed. This model can be used for estimation of efficiency of new food products and food supplements enriched with iron.
Response to Oxidative Stress by Foodborne Pathogens
Authors: Salmeen Almaary Khalid
Published: April 2019

Microorganisms such as Escherichiacoli and salmonella as well other organisms were affected by stress radiation, mechanical nutrient deprivation, high light stress, environmental and osmotic stress. Most of the enteropathogens to cause disease it was important for them to survive in an acid environment as inside the host, these organisms meet in the small intestine of inorganic acid (H+) in the stomach and a combination of inorganic and organic acids (volatile fatty acids). Here I review some pathogens such as E. Coli and salmonella, their mode of activity and survival against oxidative.
Isolation and Characterization of Temperature and Ethanol Tolerant Strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains From Naturally Fermented Juices
Authors: Kumari Sonia , K.Jha Awadhesh , Singh Anil K
Published: April 2019

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is common yeast of economic importance in food and brewing industries. This study aimed at isolating the yeast from local sources, viz. Toddy, Date palm toddy, Fermented dough, Fermented fruit juice of apple and orange and then characterized on the basis of their morphology, microbial count, temperature, ethanol tolerance, flocculation, and fermentative ability and on stress test, to see if they can serve as a sources for industrial purposes. Some of them were found to possess high temperature and ethanol tolerance ability, some had high flocculation and fermentative capacity and survived when subjected to various stress conditions. Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from these local sources can be used effectively in the bakery and brewing industries. The yeast isolated from date palm has ability to grow at low temperature, have high ethanol tolerance ability and high flocculation ability. Likewise yeast isolated from toddy has ability to grow at high temperature and also have good ethanol tolerance ability. The ability of yeast to flocculate have benefit of easy separation from the final product at the end of fermentation without filtration/centrifugation and it is a important source for bakers industry while yeast that have good ethanol tolerance ability and high temperature tolerance ability can be use in alcoholic industry from various sources.
Recent Trends In Guava Propagation- A Review
Authors: Singh Gurpreet , Sahare Homraj , Maninderdeep Maninderdeep
Published: April 2019

The propagation of the guava (Psidium guajava L.) may be carried out with seeds, layering, grafting or budding, cuttings (roots or shoots) or by micropropagation. The guava propagation by seeds is carried out for the growing rootstocks and for growing plants to be detected in the early stages of the cultivation of guava trees. The asexual methods for propagation are used to clone chosen genotypes of breeding methods and to establish commercial fruit orchards, as they provide all the distinctiveness of each cultivar. This review article deals with various methods used in the propagation of guava, which are commercially adopted, and the recent progress and trends related to it. The various propagation techniques are available, but the levels of adoption are quite different in guava producing areas.
Microbial Production of Polyhydroxy alkanoates (PHAs) using Kitchen Waste as an Inexpensive Carbon Source
Authors: Vijay Rayasam , Tarika Kumar
Published: April 2019

It is a well-known fact that Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have the potential to replace petrochemical based plastics. The purpose of our study is to devise a method to reduce substrate cost and produce PHA from our own microbial isolates selected after isolation from polluted environments. A comparative study was done with the reference bacterium Cupriavidus necator. Fourteen bacterial strains were isolated from Polluted Landfills and Effluent Treatment Plant. Four bacterial isolates having the ability to produce PHA were selected. Orange peel and Onion peel were substituted for carbon source in the medium and all the bacterial isolates along with the reference strain were studied for the maximum ability to produce PHA from these wastes respectively. The reference strain Cupriavidus necator yielded 82% PHA in 1:1 C:N ratio utilizing onion peel and 64% in 4:1 C:N ratio utilizing orange peel at 96h of incubation respectively. The best results obtained on onion peels as carbon source were by the isolate Bacillus subtilis JCM 1465 with 89% in 3:1 at 48h of incubation. Maximum PHA production obtained by bacterial isolate Bacillus siamensis PD- A10 using orange peel as carbon source was upto 82% in 1:1 at 24h of incubation.
‘Anything was possible’: (In)fidelities, (dis)connections and narcissistic (self-)love in Alice Munro’s ‘The Bear Came over the Mountain’
Authors: Disney Dan
Published: April 2019

In one of Alice Munro’s longer works of short fiction, ‘The Bear Came over the Mountain’, readers are thrust into a narrative in which the protagonist, Grant, is forced to place his ageing and forgetful wife Fiona into a residential care facility. So amnesic is Fiona that, no longer remembering she has hitherto existed happily alongside Grant, she soon forms an intimate friendship with another resident, Aubrey. But Grant is no sympathetic protagonist and Munro reveals how, over the decades, he has habitually conducted a series of secretive extramarital affairs, often with the students he teaches at the local university. Reading a range of texts making taxonomical survey of love (including Plato’s Symposium, Barthes’ A Lover’s Discourse and Comte-Sponville’s A Short Treatise on the Great Virtues), this article surmises Grant to be dangerously non-empathetic, unwittingly self-parodying and unthinkingly transgressive; within phallogocentric orders, time and again the women surrounding this husband–teacher–lecher are shown to be merely instrumental to his gratifications. When Aubrey’s wife Marian arrives on the scene, Grant falls immediately into the role of fetishizing, perplexingly ordinary-seeming predator; in his flirtations, his actions can be read as methodically self-impoverishing. Beyond a stylized performance devoid of meaningful content, this is a narcissist with nothing to declare beyond a duplicitous and blind, dizzying, self-justifying internal chaos.
Women’s relational autonomy and the short story cycle: Olive Kitteridge by Elizabeth Strout
Authors: Kadmos Helena
Published: April 2019

Focussing on Elizabeth Strout’s short story cycle, Olive Kitteridge (2008), this article proposes that contemporary collections of interconnected stories open new ways of understanding women’s relational autonomy, and the importance of continuing relationships of interdependence and care. Here, relational autonomy is seen as a framework for shared beliefs that subjects’ situated identities are formed within the context of social relationships and shaped by a complex intersection of social determinants, such as race, class, gender and ethnicity. This discussion proposes that the short story cycle is a particularly productive form for writers interested in exploring how women come to a greater sense of who they are through these relationships – some enduring, others not – as they are experienced through apparently mundane moments in women’s lives. This is partly due to less emphasis on the individual trajectory of an autonomous person, and a greater focus on the shared experiences that shape identities and foster personal growth and collective fulfilment. The article seeks to explore this understanding of the cycle by reflecting on distinctive features of the form – modular narrative structure and narrative openness – seen in Olive Kitteridge, to demonstrate how this mode of storytelling helps make salient women’s relational lives.
A singer’s perspective on Sirens and singing: An interview with coloratura soprano/conductor Barbara Hannigan
Authors: Edlund Sophia , Hannigan Barbara
Published: April 2019

The Sirens appear in one of the most iconic literary episodes on music-making and music-hearing, in Homer’s twelfth book of The Odyssey (2018: 194), singing an irresistible and lethal song. While the myth of the Sirens’ song has continued to exist for almost three millennia in various formats, this Voicing queries the relevance of the myth as a reference for the practice of singing and examines the experiences of a classical singer who works within contemporary music and has embodied Sirens in performance. Following a short scholarly introduction that questions the role of the singing voice in the Siren song, practitioner-scholar Sophia Edlund interviews Canadian interpreter of contemporary music, soprano/conductor Barbara Hannigan, specifically asking her to consider the meaning of the Sirens and their symbolic value for singing. In this interview, Barbara Hannigan compares her music-making practice with the speculative practice of ‘Siren-ing’, pointing to similarities, such as being in a state of metamorphosis during singing, as well as divergences in terms of how singing is practised and understood.
Reviews
Authors: Guo Ting , Kimbrough Andrew , Duchan Joshua S. , Young Miriama , Tebbutt John
Published: April 2019

The Sociolinguistics of Voice in Globalising China, Dong Jie (2017) London and New York: Routledge, 160 pp., ISBN 978-1-13879-880-9, h/bk, £115.00

Theatre & Voice, Konstantinos Thomaidis (2017) London: Palgrave, 89 pp., ISBN 978-1-13755-249-5, USD 17.99, £ 6.99

Karaoke Idols: Popular Music and the Performance of Identity, Kevin Brown (2015) Bristol: Intellect, xvii + 152 pp., ISBN 978-1-78320-444-1, p/bk, $36

Postopera: Reinventing the Voice-Body, Jelena Novak (2015) Ashgate Interdisciplinary Studies in Opera, Dorchester: Ashgate, 192 pp., ISBN 978-1-47244-103-4, h/bk, $120; ISBN 978-1-13850-496-7, p/bk, $49.95

The Voice and its Double: Media and Music in Northern Australia, Daniel Fisher (2016) Durham and London: Duke University Press, 320 pp., ISBN 978-0-82236-086-9, h/bk, $99.95; ISBN 978-0-82236-120-6, p/bk, $26.95
Redistributing the means of vocal production: Voice training as a tool of political intervention
Authors: Weston Sarah
Published: April 2019

In this article, I explore the political and sociological potential of the practice of voice training, arguing that the training is an opportunity to redistribute vocal practices to groups of people for whom political voice is often denied. By drawing together Bourdieu’s concept of ‘habitus’ with the practice of Patsy Rodenburg and Kristin Linklater, I discuss whether training is one means through which participants can identify the ways in which the social and cultural have ‘marked’ their voice and, furthermore, whether training can provide a strategy to counteract and resist these marks, particularly in the female voice. I examine these questions through my own practice; through a series of voice projects I undertook with groups of young women across the north of England, I explored the connection between engaging in voice training and the young women’s own conception of their political voice.
Resounding legacies: Remembering Cicely Berry
Authors: Boston Jane , Carey David , Darnley Lyn , Godfrey Kate , Gradwell Charmian , Hoare Charmian , Houseman Barbara , Hughes-D’Aeth Charlie , Kemble Stephen , Lynn Nia , Nelson Jeannette , Rodenburg Patsy , Thomaidis Konstantinos
Published: April 2019

For this Voicing, the Journal of Interdisciplinary Voice Studies invited contributions by people who worked with seminal voice and speech trainer Cicely Berry (1926–2018) and who – in their work with major performance institutions ranging from the National Theatre, UK, to Sydney Theatre Company – have been in ongoing dialogue with her ideas and practices. Jane Boston, David Carey, Lyn Darnley, Kate Godfrey, Charmian Gradwell, Charmian Hoare, Barbara Houseman, Charlie Hughes-D’Aeth, Stephen Kemble, Nia Lynn, Jeannette Nelson and Patsy Rodenburg reflect on the ways in which their work intersected with Berry’s and, in doing so, they collectively capture significant moments of change and development in twentieth- and twenty-first-century pedagogies.
‘Easy listening’: Altered Auditory Feedback and dysfluent speech
Authors: Stuart Maria
Published: April 2019

This article is part of the emergent field of Dysfluency Studies (Eagle 2013 and 2014), an interdisciplinary approach drawing on literary/cultural analysis, clinical practice, neurological research and disability studies to challenge concepts of ‘normative’ speech and the pathologizing vocabulary that sustains them. While recognizing the widespread presence and function of the ‘metaphoric stammer’ in cultural practice, it places the corporeal, embodied experience of stammering at the centre of the work. Drawing on this reinvestment in the embodied speaker, the article explores the auditory aspects of dysfluency through a focus on three such ‘speakers’: George VI (as represented in the film The King’s Speech [Hooper, 2010]), composer Alvin Lucier (in his sound art piece I am Sitting in a Room) and vocal artist Victoria Hanna (Voicing Space, Sensing Speech). The King’s Speech provides the foundational basis for my focus on auditory ‘feedback’ (in its therapeutic and neurological forms), a focus that is then ‘amplified’ through the creative practice of Lucier and Hanna. Implicit in Tom Hooper’s film is the power of dysfluency to disrupt dominant narratives of normal speech, a generative power that finds fullest (yet individuated) expression in the embodied performances of Lucier and Hanna.
A vocal journey through the language of zaum
Authors: Wilkins Caroline
Published: April 2019

Coined by Russian mathematician and writer Velimir Khlebnikov, the term zaum means beyond mind. It is used to describe experiments in sound symbolism and linguistic creation stemming from Russian Cubo-Futurists of the early 1900s, including the work of poets Alexei Kruchenykh and Vasily Kamensky. This trans-rational language was born out of aesthetic ideas that epitomized a vision of a society to come, one based on the revolutionary fervour of the time. My argument concerns its relevance within a contemporary context of the twenty-first century, in which new aesthetic parameters are being created and defined. I shall develop this thesis by means of material taken from two of the above authors that threads its way through a series of performance projects based on my own practice as research. Questions on the role of zaum in interdisciplinary vocal studies will be outlined and then addressed throughout the course of this journey in a process of analysis from the perspective of my compositional ideas and methodologies. My aim is to reveal the existence of clear evolutionary links between what was essentially a voco-sonic invention and contemporary artistic practices of alterity, multiplicity and fragmentation.
Geomatic Tools for Water Management in a Community Irrigation System, Cruz del Eje, Córdoba.
Authors: Marinelli M. Victoria , Mari Nicolás A. , Scavuzzo C. Marcelo
Published: April 2019

An integral and efficient management of water for irrigation requires the adoption of new technologies to respond to the challenges imposed by the agricultural sector, in particular to stabilize production through the adequate use of water resources. In this sense, it is vital to characterize and know the amount of area which is under irrigation in such agricultural systems. In this paper we show the use of satellite information data in a GIS environment with the objective of characterizing the productive areas under irrigation in Cruz del Eje, Córdoba, Argentina in 3 types: A) irrigation region B) irrigable area and C) actually irrigated area. Multitemporal image indices and segmentation were used for this characterization and then maps of these 3 types of agricultural land cover were generated. Additionally, we present simple satellite images processing and classification procedures to increase the knowledge about the land cover over this irrigated area. Finally, we discuss how this geographically explicit information generated could be useful for the decision-making process on current irrigated areas and on the potential of productive systems through community irrigation systems.
STUDY ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN FORMWORK SHORING SYSTEMS AND RC STRUCTURES IN A HIGH-RISE BUILDING DURING CONSTRUCTION 2
Authors: Yang Suchun , Qu Chengping , Yang Heng
Published: April 2019

In the construction process of high-rise building structure, the formwork temporary supports and the concrete structure are considered as a whole. Quantifying the load under the template supports can provide a better reference for the design of the template supports. In order to study the load transfer law between formwork support scaffolds and multi-storey structure, through the installation of sensors at the bottom of formwork supports and the floor slab, the load transfer law of the 3 adjacent formwork supports were monitored for a long time during the construction of high-rise buildings via the high-frequency wireless transmission systems. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The monitoring data shows that the most unfavourable load occurs when concrete is poured into the upper story, about 1.9 times the axial force generated when concrete is poured into the test floor. (2) The monitoring data has a similar shape which is summed up as an ideal curve of change, 3 times of peak value, 3 times of decline and 1 time of sudden drop. (3)The transfer ratio of load accounts for about 57% ~ 69% of a total load of fresh concrete. (4) Considering the fluid-plastic state of concrete, a correction factor of 1.22 for vertical pole axial force is proposed, and the deviation between the modified simulated value and the measured value is less than 3%.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BITUMINOUS MIXES, FATIGUE PHENOMENON UNDER TANDEM SOLICITATION AT LARGE STRAIN
Authors: Merbouh M’hammed
Published: April 2019

Asphalt mixture in pavement is exposed to a fatigue phenomenon which often causes its failure after a certain period of operation. Conventionally this is simulated in the laboratory by a mechanical stress in the form of continuous sine under the effect of a single axle. In recent years the designs of aircraft and large vehicles have changed a lot, given the needs in volume and transport capacity requested. We often see the tandem axles, tridem axel etc. Damage of asphalt mixture is related to vehicle characteristics (number and loads per axle, suspension type, speed, tyre type and configuration...); rest period, temperature and pavement material properties. Modern conceptions of jumbo aircraft type (e.g. Airbus A380, B777 etc…) and new designs of heavy trucks have imposed other forms of solicitation. This type of loading is dual axles with higher strain amplitude. Currently the road pavement and airport asphalt are subject to high levels of strain (or stress) of short duration at each passage of axles. The choice of the structure and the sizing of a roadway require consideration of several technical criteria, economic and geographic, such as heavy traffic and its developments. In this context, fatigue tests were carried out under load at large deformation (high strain amplitude) and can have multipeak shapes (tandem low valleys between two successive peaks). These tests were used to assess and compare the effect and aggressivity of large amplitudes of strain in terms of life, according to two types of signals (single axle and tandem).
OHS Co-Founder Henry W Hofstetter (1914-2002)
Authors: Goss David A.
Published: April 2019

Henry W Hofstetter, OD, PhD, had a long and distinguished career as an optometric educator, writer, researcher, administrator, and leader.  This biographical sketch examines his life and career, and notes his role in fostering the study and understanding of optometry’s history, as exemplified by his work as co-founder of the Optometric Historical Society and long-time editor of its quarterly publication, Hindsight.
A Tribute to Henry W Hofstetter, OD, PhD, FAAO
Authors: Casser Linda
Published: April 2019

In this article Dr. Linda Casser constructs a profile of Henry W Hofstetter, OD, PhD from the point-of-view of his students.
Guest Editorial
Authors: Hebert Kirsten
Published: April 2019

Kirsten Hebert discusses increasing access to the museum collections at the Archives & Museum of Optometry through transfer of the general optometry collections to the University of Pikeville's Allara Library.