bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breaking the Mold: Rethinking Liner Cementing Practices in Ecuador
Authors: Pleshkov D. , Taylor A. , Mora K. , Ordonez M. , Carrillo R.
Published: February 2025

This paper discusses the transformation of liner cementing practices in Ecuador and the elimination of recurring packoff behavior through the enhancement of wellbore cleanout, cementing fluids and pumping schedule optimization, liner hanger technical specifications, and centralizer type selection and placement. It also discusses the risk and potential severity of high circulating pressure during cementing operations, as well as the impact of high circulating pressure on packoff behavior.

This paper presents the results of a comprehensive well cementing improvement project conducted on 60 wells. The project began with a 20-well pilot phase, during which several enhancements were identified and tested. Following the successful pilot, these improvements were applied to an additional 40 wells, yielding consistently positive outcomes. This study aims to detail the methodologies, results, and implications of these improvements for future well cementing operations.

The success of this project highlights the importance of continuous improvement and innovation in well cementing practices. The identified improvements not only enhance the quality and reliability of cement jobs but also contribute to overall operational efficiency. Future work will focus on further refining these techniques and exploring their applicability in different fields across Ecuador.

As a result of this extensive project, liner cementing practices in Ecuador have changed with respect to wellbore cleanout, the fluids used, liner hanger technical specifications, and centralizer type selection and placement. The number of severe packoff events that typically had led to remediation work has been reduced to zero.
Federated Learning for Drilling Data Integration: A Collaborative Framework with Application to LWD Lag Correction
Authors: Liu Ye , Zhang Nan , Rong Chunming , Cao Jie
Published: February 2025

Data-driven AI (artificial intelligence) models have become instrumental in drilling operations, offering potential efficiency gains through real-time predictions and decision support. However, while access to diverse datasets from different fields and companies can significantly enhance model performance, data sharing is often constrained by strict data security and privacy regulations. To overcome these challenges, we developed a federated learning framework that enables collaborative model training across decentralized datasets without compromising data confidentiality. This research presents an FL (federated learning)-based architecture specifically applied to address the lag in logging while drilling (LWD) data, where physical separation between LWD tools and the drill bit introduces delays in real-time formation information. Our FL framework employs multi-party secure aggregation, allowing each participating oil field to train models locally and share only encrypted model updates, which are then aggregated to create a global model. This approach not only preserves data privacy but also enhances model generalization by leveraging diverse data from multiple fields with varying geological and operational characteristics. In this study, we validate the FL framework through a case study involving three oil fields with heterogeneous datasets, each with unique feature characteristics and geological conditions. Results indicate that the FL-based model significantly improves predictive accuracy compared to independently trained models, reducing mean absolute error from 54.58 to 1.39 in the Volve field, from 27.11 to 2.49 in Bohai oilfield (BH), and from 40.91 to 3.88 in Xinjiang oilfield (XJ). These improvements demonstrate FL's ability to produce robust, generalizable models for drilling applications, offering a scalable and secure solution for cross-field collaboration in the petroleum industry. This study establishes a foundation for future applications of FL in addressing complex, data-intensive challenges in oil and gas operations.
Multistring Analysis of a Mudline Hanger System in High-Temperature Wells During Production
Authors: Sathuvalli Udaya B. , Suryanarayana P. V. R. , Bathgate Grant , Delgado Johan , Arcos Renato , Painter Jay , Rahman Shaikh
Published: February 2025

We present a semi-analytical method to analyze the multistring response of tubulars in offshore wells with a mudline suspension system (MLS). Though the governing equations are linear, structural redundancies at the mudline hangers (MLH) require a one-step iterative solution. The iteration ensures that the final response of the MLS and the tubulars is consistent with restrictions at the wellhead and mudline. Our method is computationally simple and can be implemented in a spreadsheet.

We apply the method to an offshore well with six strings, four of which are suspended at the mudline. The hangers at the mudline are arranged such that a suspended string transfers its weight to the next outer string. Furthermore, the MLS hardware is such that a lifted-off string raises its immediate inner neighbor. In the model, the tubulars are regarded as elastic springs, and the load transfer pathways at the MLH shoulders are represented by displacement constraints. The length changes created by pressure and temperature changes during well operations are combined with the installed conditions to determine the contact force at the MLH.

The model shows that the net movement at the surface and the forces on the structural members depend on the installed condition, the preload in the casing strings, and annular pressures at the surface wellhead. Furthermore, the reduction of annular pressures significantly reduces the force on the conductor slip lock in the wellhead. Cold injection creates a net downward force at critical locations in the MLS. Finally, the model was used to show that the net downward force did not exceed the design capacity of the MLS hardware and to define annulus pressure management procedures to maintain well integrity.
Sex, Age, and Urban Context: Modeling Social and Demographic Drivers of Mumps Transmission in Chengdu, China (2008–2019)
Authors: Yang Tianlong , Du Xunbo , Li Junfan , Long Lu , Xie Li , Wang Yao , Wang Liang
Published: February 2025

Objectives
This study investigates mumps epidemiology in Chengdu (2008–2019), focusing on sex and age-specific transmission characteristics.
Methods
A sex- and age-specific Susceptible – Exposed – Pre-symptomatic – Symptomatic Infected – Asymptomatic Infected – Recovered (SEPIAR) model, adjusted for seasonal variations, was employed to categorize the population and analyze transmission dynamics.
Results
Over the study period, 40,087 mumps cases were reported in Chengdu, with an annual incidence of 21.72 per 100,000, peaking in 2011 at 40.83 per 100,000. Incidence rates were highest among male students aged 5–14, with significant seasonal peaks in May-July and November-December. District-wise, Wenjiang and Jinniu had the highest rates (45.45 and 43.25 per 100,000), while Jianyang city had the lowest (3.26 per 100,000). The SEPIAR model demonstrated robust fitting across demographics (R² = 0.13–0.73, P < 0.001). Notably, females aged 10–14 exhibited the highest transmission risk to males aged 0–14, with all mean time-varying reproduction numbers (Rt) exceeding 1. The median Rt for females aged 10–14 to males aged 5–9 was 1.18, to males aged 0–4 was 0.75, and within the same age group was 0.55.
Conclusions
This study underscores the critical role of sex and age in mumps transmission and validates the utility of the SEPIAR model for outbreak analysis. To mitigate transmission, we recommend: 1) targeted vaccination campaigns during seasonal peaks, 2) prioritizing booster doses for females aged 10–14, 3) strengthening surveillance in high-incidence districts, and 4) improving healthcare reporting in rural regions. These strategies are vital for achieving sustained mumps control in megacities.
Two-dimensional topological paramagnets protected by $\mathbb{Z}_3$ symmetry: Properties of the boundary Hamiltonian
Authors: Topchyan Hrant , Iugov Vasilii , Mirumyan Mkhitar , Hakobyan Tigran S. , Sedrakyan Tigran , Sedrakyan Ara G.
Published: February 2025

We systematically study gapless edge modes corresponding to \mathbb{Z}_3ℤ3 symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases of two-dimensional three-state Potts paramagnets on a triangular lattice. First, we derive microscopic lattice models for the gapless edge and, using the density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) approach, investigate the finite-size scaling of the low-lying excitation spectrum and the entanglement entropy. Based on the obtained results, we identify the universality class of the critical edge, namely the corresponding conformal field theory and the central charge. Finally, we discuss the inherent symmetries of the edge models and the emergent winding number symmetry. As a result, one-dimensional chains with this symmetry form a model that supports gapless excitations due to its tricritical symmetry. Numerically, we show that low-energy states in the continuous limit of the edge model can be described by conformal field theory (CFT) with central charge c=1c=1, given by the coset SU_k(3)/SU_k(2)SUk(3)/SUk(2) CFT at level k=1.
(Re)configurações do corpo no/do Portugal pós-colonial em Esse cabelo de Djaimilia Pereira de Almeida
Authors: Foz Romeu
Published: February 2025

This article aims to analyze Esse cabelo (2015), Djaimilia Pereira de Almeida’s first novel, which addresses the (dis)integration of the African and the Afro-descendant in post-25 de Abril Portugal. I claim that Esse cabelo reflects with great acumen on the legacies of Coloniality that permeate Portuguese contemporary society, questioning very particularly the survival of old colonial logics of racialization and the ways these are inscribed discursively in the body. Ultimately, I argue that this novel plays a transformative role inasmuch as it contributes significantly to the formation of postcolonial identities that look at the past without erasures and that request from the present decolonial representations of the Portuguese (post)-colonial body.
The (Other) Third Space: The Poetry of Hilda Hilst
Authors: Yurgel Caio
Published: February 2025

It can be refreshing not to have to discuss one’s own identity, especially if identity carries with it an idea of nation. This lack of interest in exploring—and placing herself within—national identities is one of Hilda Hilst’s many gifts, one which made her stand out among her (more localized and, at times, self-exoticizing) Latin American peers. Hilst was ambivalent at best toward Brazil. Situating her oeuvre against the backdrop of twentieth-century Brazilian history, this article does not seek simply to explore Hilst’s antiromantic refusal of the local color and of Brazilianness writ large, but to also show, through a close reading of her poetry, how her late work created a radical “third space” (pace Catherine Keller rather than Homi Bhabha) contesting the impositions of a redemptive telos by proposing scatology as an antidote to eschatology: failure and fallibility instead of messianism.
Realismo e subjetividade: fluxo de consciência no romance A tirania do amor de Cristovão Tezza
Authors: Andrade Patrícia H. Baialuna de
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a reading of Cristovão Tezza’s novel A tirania do amor (2018) that analyzes the intertwining of narrative temporal modes which build the protagonist's consciousness and the centrality of mental processes in the narrative. The novel is built through the protagonist's subjective perspective, which reveals in non-sequential fragments of time and transposed voices the unfolding of an especially momentous day. Based on studies by Humphrey (1955) and Auerbach (2015) on temporal ruptures and their relationship with realism, we reflect on the effects that such an interweaving of voices, ideas and memories has in the novel. We also rely on discussions by Mäkelä (2006, 2013) and others to analyze the constitution of fictional subjectivity. Through this reading we seek to attribute to Tezza's work the mark of the new realisms present in contemporary Brazilian literature, as postulated by Schøllhammer (2009) and Pellegrini (2007), among others.
Social Hope in Clarice Lispector's The Hour of the Star
Authors: Corrêa de Sá André
Published: February 2025

In this essay I will show how the political intelligibility of The Hour of the Star by Clarice Lispector does not depend on the ability to get reality right. I will argue that Clarice Lispector is able to persuade us to imagine a different future for our society through aesthetic rather than representational means. My argument emphasizes that, although representation is indisputably important, this fact should not lead us to the temptation of rejecting certain books simply because they come from the top of the social ladder and are within the discourse of power. It is my contention that plenty of these books are not just rife with contempt and silence. They can also offer—albeit by other means—equally powerful and significant instruments to engage with pressing political issues.
Fevered Returns
Authors: Carey-Webb Jessica
Published: February 2025

This article examines the portrayal of Indigenous people and the environment through film in Brazil. A Febre, the 2019 Brazilian film written and directed by Maya Da-Rin, tells the story of a Desana man, Justino, who lives in the Amazonian city of Manaus and works as a security guard at a cargo port. As the film progresses, Justino experiences an intermittent fever with dreams and visions that call him back to his village in the forest. Modernity becomes a disease that pushes Justino to seek a closer relationship with nature. As a meditation on modernity and Indigeneity, the film reveals the toll of capitalism and the possibility of a return to nature. The film uses Indigenous concepts, specific to the heritage of the actors, and grounded in perspectivism, to move the plot forward. This article explores how the film uses Indigenous concepts to question the unequal processes of Brazilian modernity.
Fernando Arenas, intérprete da música cabo-verdiana
Authors: Da Silveira Jorge Fernandes
Published: February 2025

O objetivo principal deste ensaio é prestar uma homenagem à palavra em discurso de Fernando Arenas, em que sou eu o mediador, logo, o interlocutor privilegiado. Por isso são muitos os exemplos, como (1) um tributo à sua língua de cultura e à sua linguagem de criação, quer dizer, ao seu estilo de composição aos pares, em que duas palavras ou expressões combinam-se pelo sim e/ou pelo não, crítica e dialeticamente; registro que expõe, em suma, um modelo, um “paradigma binário” (Arenas), em estado permanente de tensão, ora tem termos contidos, ora em termos mais expansivos, e (2) como um tributo às suas imagens, o modo como Arenas interpreta textualmente letras e/ou poemas do cancioneiro cabo-verdiano.
Lopes de Barros, Rodrigo. Distortion and Subversion: Punk Rock Music and the Protests for Free Public Transportation in Brazil (1996–2011). Liverpool UP, 2022.
Authors: Newcomb Robert Patrick
Published: February 2025

Rodrigo Lopes de Barros
Gillam, Reighan. Visualizing Black Lives: Ownership and Control in Afro-Brazilian Media. U of Illinois P, 2022.
Authors: Mittelman David M.
Published: February 2025

Gillam, Reighan. Visualizing Black Lives: Ownership and Control in Afro-Brazilian Media. U of Illinois P, 2022.
AS LIGAÇÕES QUÍMICAS PROPOSTAS POR LEWIS: UMA PERSPECTIVA EPISTEMOLÓGICA SOBRE A NATUREZA DESTE CONCEITO
Authors: S. da Silva Vitória , K. D. da Silva Fernanda , da S. dos Anjos Jamily , Cury Soares Alessandro , dos S. Pastoriza Bruno
Published: February 2025

THE CHEMICAL BONDS PROPOSED BY LEWIS: AN EPISTEMOLOGICAL VIEW OF THE NATURE OF THIS CONCEPT. The study problematizes choices and traditional organizations of the chemical content in chemistry classes. The problematization is developed through an epistemological perspective, situated in the field of Chemistry Education, focusing on the construction of the concept of Chemical Bonds. It includes discussions in the fields of history and epistemology, but mainly presents the conceptions that preceded the nature of the Chemical Bonds concept proposed by Gilbert Newton Lewis, aiding in the understanding of its nature. This facilitates the creation of strategies and methodological practices that contribute to the teaching and learning process. We conclude that this study has enabled us to construct a pathway to understand the existing knowledge of that time and what contributed to Lewis’ proposal becoming the accepted theory by the scientific community of the time, persisting in Chemistry classes to this day.
Modular Design of Professional Training Programs for Special Education Teachers: Criteria-Based Approach
Authors: Nikandrova Tat'yana , Tusheva Elena , Vovnenko Ksenia B
Published: February 2025

The article features a new training model for special education teachers: the authors developed a set of criteria to link the modern requirements for a special education teacher with the skills acquired in the process of professional training. The first stage involved an expert assessment of special education teachers’ curricula for compliance with the unified requirements of the national teacher’s training model. It covered 36 Russian pedagogical universities that train special education teachers. The curricula were checked for compliance with the unified requirements for modular and distributed structuring of pedagogical education. The second stage yielded the criteria aimed at intensifying the processes of differentiation in special education teachers’ training. The criteria were formulated as a list of statements. Fundamental knowledge correlates with professional knowledge. The education programs for special education teachers have a distinct modular design. They consider the activities stipulated by the professional standard for Special Education (defectologist). Profile training differs from advanced specialization. Research skills are obligatory: theory and practice go hand in hand. The Russian language needs a more important status in the special education teachers’ training, with linguistic practices in Russian. A special education teacher knows the nature and mechanisms of dysontogenesis. A unified assessment approach covers human, spiritual, moral, and patriotic values, as well as such competencies as social responsibility, technologic efficiency, readiness for teaching, enhancing the education potential of the family, etc. Each criterion was provided with a rationale of modular design. The criteria may help to develop more effective education programs for special education teachers.
Self-Assessment of Professional Readiness in Graduates of Motor Transport Maintenance and Repair
Authors: Bogomolova Elena , Fedotov Sergey , Vasilieva Maria
Published: February 2025

Self-assessment of professional readiness is an important aspect of professional and personal development in college. It is a complex and multifaceted process. College graduates must critically evaluate their professional experience, knowledge, strengths, prospects, achievements, and failures. They must be able to identify the causes behind their professional disadvantages and develop strategies for improving their professional qualities. A regular self-analysis and reflection help to identify gaps in knowledge and skills, as well as to plan improvement measures. Self-assessment makes it possible to identify the competencies that require the most attention and effort. In addition to technical skills, graduates should possess managerial and digital qualities. Diagnostics of these competencies enables graduates to assess their readiness for independent professional career. This self-assessment online survey involved 84 technical college graduates that majored in Motor Transport Maintenance and Repair (Ryazan). Self-assessment of professional readiness proved to be an important part of professional and supra-professional competencies in graduates of vocational education. The obtained results may help to adjust academic programs, develop methodological materials, and conduct trainings for professional skill development in graduates of technical institutes and colleges.
Social interaction and everyday stress of adolescents in different types of families
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Galasheva Olga , Golovey Larisa ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: February 2025

The social interaction and daily stress of adolescents living in different types of families are considered. Research, as a rule, is aimed at considering areas of interaction with family, teachers and peers, not always taking into account the type of family: native or foster, its financial security, the number of members. The aim of the study was to study the stress of adolescents living in different types of families: relatives, foster families, with different levels of material wealth and different numbers of children in the family. The hypothesis was the assumption that the spheres of stress and its level may vary with different types of family structure. The type of family can determine the peculiarities of social interaction. Studies of everyday stress have shown that various spheres of life can be a source of stressors: family, school, communication with peers and with elders, as well as internal experiences: self-attitude, rejection, fears. At the same time, there is practically no research on the correlation of everyday stresses in connection with the peculiarities of social interaction and socio-psychological adaptation. Methods: SPA technique (K. Rogers, R. Diamond), questionnaire of social support (G. Sommer, T. Fyudrik), "School situation" (V.K. Zaretsky, A.B. Kholmogorova), Questionnaire of everyday stressors for adolescents (L.A. Golovey, O.S. Galasheva), Scale of perceived stress (V.A. Ababkov et al.). Sample: 197 people aged 13 to 17 years. The results showed that adolescents from foster families have a higher intensity of experience in the areas of "Loneliness, health", "Fears, anxiety", adolescents from families with one child have significantly higher intensity of experience in the areas of "Fears, anxiety", "Finances". It was revealed that in adolescents from native families, learning difficulties are more often predictors of stress, and in adolescents from foster families, difficulties in social interaction.
Niestworzona Natura Stwarzająca w systemie filozoficznym Jana Szkota Eriugeny
Authors: Grzegorzyca Adam
Published: February 2025

W systemie filozoficznym Jana Szkota Eriugeny Niestworzona Natura Stwarzająca to Bóg, który jest Stwórcą wszystkiego. Istota Bożej Natury jest transcendentna i niepoznawalna. Bóg objawia się ludzkiej naturze poprzez dzieło stworzenia i tekst biblijny. Analiza stworzenia pozwala wnioskować o Stwórcy, że istnieje, że żyje i że jest Mądrością. Te trzy wnioski wskazują, że jeden Bóg istnieje jako troistość, w której Ojciec jest Istotą Bożej Natury, Syn jest Mądrością, a Duch Święty jest życiem. Powyższe wnioskowanie potwierdza również egzegeza biblijna. Bóg zaprasza człowieka do poszukiwania prawdy. Ludzka natura jest odbiciem Niestworzonej Natury Stwarzającej, ponieważ człowiek został stworzony na obraz i podobieństwo Boga, o czym świadczy nieśmiertelna dusza i co potwierdza biblijna egzegeza. Struktura ludzkiej duszy jest obrazem Boga i człowiek może na podstawie analizy własnej duszy dojść do przekonania, że Bóg istnieje, oraz że w swej Istocie jest niepoznawalny. Sam przez się istnieje tylko Bóg, a całość stworzenia istnieje tylko dlatego, że Bóg podtrzymuje wszystko w istnieniu. Nie istnieje wśród stworzenia intelekt zdolny poznać Boga, lecz mimo tego historia świata zgromadziła różne zapisy dotyczące Boga, które wynikają z potrzeb ludzkiej natury oraz z konieczności niemilczenia chrześcijaństwa o Stwórcy. Dla ludzkich potrzeb określa się Boga, wskazując na różne atrybuty i czynności. System filozoficzny Eriugeny wskazuje, że powierzenie słowu ludzkiemu tajemnic Boga jest wielkim wysiłkiem, lecz jest to praca pożyteczna, ponieważ może zbliżać ludzi do Boga, co w każdej epoce jest ważne i słuszne.
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Zgłoszono: 27/06/2023. Zrecenzowano: 20/02/2024. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 10/06/2024.
Report on the Symposium "30 Years After “Veritatis Splendor.” Moral Absolutes and War – War on Moral Absolutes," Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, December 13, 2023
Authors: Cebula Adam
Published: February 2025

The 2023 symposium at the Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University focused on Christian ethics, revisiting key themes from Pope John Paul II’s encyclical Veritatis Splendor. The discussion highlighted the enduring relevance of absolute moral norms and examined  shifts in the Catholic Church’s stance on capital punishment and killing in war, emphasizing the significance of intention and the object of a moral act in moral reasoning. The event also addressed Catholic perspectives on war ethics, contrasting the just war doctrine with pacifist views. Additional topics included the idea of the indissolubility of marriage amid contemporary societal changes and the idea of moral autonomy, understood as the central point of contention between Kantian ethics and the Church’s traditional moral doctrine.
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Received: 30/10/2024. Reviewed: 5/12/2024. Accepted: 12/12/2024.
Therapeutic Effect of Rosolic Acid against Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetic Wistar Rats
Authors: Amin Karan Naresh , Ramkumar Kunka Mohanram
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Endothelial dysfunction (ED) results from impaired vascular
endothelial cell function, disrupting key processes such as hemostasis, vascular tone regulation,
vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. These processes are mediated
by a complex signaling network involving hormones, cytokines, and chemokines. ED is
recognized as a major contributor to the onset and progression of several micro- and
macrovascular diseases, including diabetes. Our previous study demonstrated that the polyphenol
Rosolic acid (RA) protects against ER stress-induced ED in vitro by activating
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Additionally, RA enhanced the proliferation
and survival of pancreatic β-cells in a co-culture model with endothelial cells under
ER stress conditions.

Methods:

In this study, we investigated RA's protective effects against diabetes-induced
ED using high-fat diet (HFD)-fed and streptozotocin-induced type-2 diabetic rat models.
We evaluated RA’s impact on vascular function and metabolic parameters in these models.

objective:

To evaluate the protective effects of Rosolic acid (RA) on endothelial dysfunction (ED) in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed and streptozotocin-induced type-2 diabetic rat models.

To assess the impact of RA on vascular function in diabetic rats by analyzing key markers of endothelial dysfunction, including ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and Endothelin-1.

To investigate the effects of RA on metabolic parameters, such as glucose tolerance and lipid profiles, in diabetic conditions.

To examine the role of RA in modulating Nrf2 and its downstream target genes involved in oxidative stress and endothelial function in aortic tissues.

To compare the therapeutic efficacy of RA with the standard anti-diabetic drug Gliclazide in protecting against diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction.

Results:

RA significantly mitigated diabetes-induced ED in the aortic tissues of HFDfed
diabetic Wistar rats. RA treatment improved glucose tolerance and reduced hyperlipidemia,
showing efficacy comparable to the anti-diabetic drug Gliclazide. Moreover, RA
elevated Nrf2 levels and its downstream target genes in aortic tissues while reducing ED
markers such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and endothelin-1.

Conclusion:

These findings highlight RA as a promising therapeutic agent for diabetes
and its associated vascular complications, with potential for broader clinical applications.
Unfurling the Potential of Antiviral Agents Aimed for RNA Virus Ailment
Authors: Babbar Ritchu , Kaur Jasmine , Kaur Kajalpreet , Swikriti  , Vagh Vijay Dhondiram , Sachdeva Monika , Behl Tapan , Gulati Monica , Gasmi Amin
Published: February 2025

Globally, high mortality is brought on by RNA viruses, which are linked to chronic human
disorders. Viruses dominate the WHO's current ranking of the top 10 global health hazards,
especially RNA viruses. RNA viruses, like HIV, SARS-CoV-2, and influenza, which are among
the most prevalent and frequently encountered RNA viruses, use RNA as their genetic material,
making them prone to quick changes. They adapt rapidly, complicating the body's immune responses.
HIV, a significant retrovirus, infiltrates the immune system, causing AIDS by compromising
defenses against infections. SARS-CoV-2, which led to COVID-19, sparked a worldwide pandemic
with respiratory symptoms, emphasizing the need for research and therapeutic innovations.
The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the insufficiency of available resources in effectively
addressing emerging viral infections. Influenza, a seasonal RNA virus, triggers flu outbreaks, impacting
public health. Research is crucial to understanding how these viruses interact with hosts,
aiding the development of effective treatments and strengthening our ability to face new viral
threats. The most effective defenses against viral illnesses are virus-specific vaccinations and antiviral
drugs. The present review emphasizes the prevalence of the three most pathogenic and widespread
RNA viruses, namely HIV, influenza, and SARS-CoV2, their pathophysiology, and the current
treatment with FDA-approved drugs. It also incorporates novel analogs that are under clinical
trials as there is an urgent need for innovative antiviral medications, and enormous global efforts
are required to find secure and efficient cures for these viral infections.
Spinal KCC2 Mediates the Modulation Effect of HDAC2 on Bone Cancer Pain in Rats
Authors: Wang Tongxuan , Li Yalin , Hou Xinran , Guo Qulian , Weng Yingqi
Published: February 2025

Background:

Bone cancer pain is a global medical concern with limited treat-ment options that significantly reduce the quality of life for cancer patients. Therefore, identifying a promising therapeutic target for bone cancer pain is urgently needed.

Objective:

Our previous research indicated that KCC2 may be associated with the modula-tion of HDAC2 in a rat model of bone cancer pain. The current study aimed to investigate whether KCC2 in the lumbar spinal cord is a key downstream molecule in the modulation of HDAC2 related to bone cancer pain.

Methods:

In this study, we assessed the expression levels of KCC2 and HDAC2 in the lumbar spinal cord of rats with bone cancer pain using Western blotting and RT-PCR. Mechanical hyperalgesia was evaluated using Von Frey hairs, and immunofluores-cence was employed to localize KCC2 in central nervous system cells.

Results:

The expression of KCC2 was down-regulated in a time-dependent manner in the lumbar spinal cord of rats with bone cancer pain. Furthermore, the use of an RNA-interfering lentivirus targeting HDAC2 restored KCC2 expression and alleviated mechani-cal hyperalgesia in these rats. Notably, the analgesic effect of the HDAC2-targeting lenti-virus was completely reversed by the KCC2 inhibitor VU0240551.

result:

The expression of KCC2 was down-regulated in a time-dependent manner in the lumbar spinal cord of bone cancer pain rats. Furthermore, the use of an RNA-interfering lentivirus targeting HDAC2 restored KCC2 expression and alleviated mechanical hyperalgesia in these rats. Notably, the analgesic effect of the HDAC2-targeting lentivirus was completely reversed by the KCC2 inhibitor VU0240551.

Conclusion:

KCC2 in the lumbar spinal cord mediated the modulation of HDAC2 in rat models of bone cancer pain, suggesting that KCC2 could be a promising therapeutic target for treating bone cancer pain.
ISR Modulators in Neurological Diseases
Authors: Kalinin Alexander Pavlovich , Zubkova Ekaterina Sergeevna , Menshikov Mikhail Yuryevich , Parfyonova Yelena Victorovna
Published: February 2025

The dysfunction of different cells lies in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases and is
usually associated with cellular stress. Various stressors trigger the integrated stress response (ISR)
signaling, whose highly conserved mechanism is primarily aimed at protecting a stress-exposed cell
to cope as safely as possible with such stressful conditions. On the contrary, if a cell is unable to
cope with excessive stress, the ISR can induce apoptosis. The ISR mechanism, whose main stage is
the inhibition of translation machinery in favor of the synthesis of specific proteins, including the
transcription factors ATF3, ATF4, CEBPA, and CEBPB, which function only as dimers and determine
the uniqueness of the ISR response in each individual case, thus ensures different outcomes of
the ISR. Inhibition of global protein synthesis is achieved through phosphorylation of eIF2α by
PERK, HRI, PKR, or GCN2. To date, a number of compounds have been developed that modulate
the ISR, including activators and inhibitors of the abovementioned ISR kinases as well as modulators
of p-eIF2α dephosphorylation. They target different ISR stages, allowing a broad ISR modulation
strategy. At the same time, there are no drugs that are both exceptionally safe and effective for the
treatment of several neurological diseases, so there is an urgent need for new approaches to the
treatment of these disorders. In this review, we represent ISR signaling as an important participant in
the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. We also describe how various ISR modulators may become
a part of future therapies for these diseases.
A Comprehensive Review on Synthesis, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Applications of Pyrazolidine-3,5-Dione Derivatives
Authors: Tiwari Abhishek , Tiwari Varsha , Singh Anita
Published: February 2025

Pyrazolidine-3,5-dione (PZD) derivatives have emerged as a class of compounds with
notable pharmacological potential, drawing significant interest due to their broad range of therapeutic
applications. This review consolidates data spanning from 1953 to 2004, providing a comprehensive
overview of their synthesis, biological activities, and mechanisms of action while underscoring their
diverse therapeutic promise. The synthesis of PZD derivatives has evolved with the use of advanced
methodologies such as reactions with malonic acid, substituted hydrazines, benzothiazoles, and aryl
aldehydes, along with modern techniques like microwave-assisted reactions and solid-phase synthesis,
which enhance efficiency and promote structural diversity. These derivatives exhibit a wide array
of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antimicrobial, anticancer,
antidiabetic, and neuroprotective effects, highlighting their versatile therapeutic potential.
Furthermore, PZD derivatives demonstrate efficacy as insecticides, miticides, and herbicides, suggesting
their relevance in agricultural applications. The mechanisms of action behind their therapeutic
effects include the inhibition of critical enzymes involved in amino acid biosynthesis and cell wall
formation in microorganisms, as well as modulation of receptors, such as PPARγ and the Farnesoid
X receptor. Several PZD derivatives also exhibit significant antimicrobial, antifungal, and antitubercular
properties, positioning them as potential candidates for the treatment of bacterial and fungal
infections. Additionally, some derivatives have shown promise as anticonvulsants, Dyrk1A inhibitors,
and enhancers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis sensitivity to antimicrobials, demonstrating their
broad therapeutic versatility. Despite the promising pharmacological activities, further research is
required to optimize the pharmacokinetic profiles of PZD derivatives, minimize potential side effects,
and expand their clinical applications. This work will be essential in advancing PZD derivatives as
effective treatments for a range of diseases, making them valuable candidates for future drug development.
Efficacy and Safety of Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers for Primary Hypertension: A Bayesian Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Huiduo , Yang Hongxin , Zhang Zhiyong , Guo Hao
Published: February 2025

Background:

Dihydropyridine-calcium channel blockers (DHP-CCBs) are effective
first-line blood pressure-lowering agents for primary hypertension. However, data comparing the
variations in efficacy and safety between different types of DHP-CCBs are scarce.

Aims and Objectives:

This study aimed to summarize the latest evidence on the benefits and
harms of seven DHP-CCBs (amlodipine, levamlodipine, felodipine, lacidipine, nitrendipine,
nifedipine, and benidipine).

Methods:

A meta-analysis of DHP-CCBs was carried out to explore differences in efficacy and
safety. We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP
databases from inception to September, 2023, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing
DHP-CCBs. The main outcomes were blood pressure lowering and adverse events (AEs) during
treatment.

Results:

We included 181 RCTs (21,383 patients) in this analysis. In terms of efficacy, levamlodipine
ranked highest in reducing office blood pressure (surface under the cumulative ranking
systolic blood pressure = 80.81%, diastolic blood pressure [DBP] = 82.42%) and 24-h ambulatory
DBP (98.07%). Felodipine had the highest probability of reducing 24-h ambulatory blood pressure
(80.65%). Regarding safety, levamlodipine had the least impact on heart rate (85.71%). In
terms of AEs, benidipine had the highest rate for cardiovascular (86.58%) and digestive system
(93.57%) AEs. Nifedipine and amlodipine had the highest rates of central (80.65%) and peripheral
nervous system (83.28%) AEs, respectively. Levamlodipine exhibited significantly lower rates of
total AEs (1.24%), central nervous system AEs (1.28%), and cardiovascular system AEs (3.62%)
than the other interventions.

Conclusion:

In the office setting, levamlodipine may be the best treatment for primary hypertension,
and lacidipine shows good safety.
Fetal Movements during Maternal Apnea in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy: An Indicator of Resistance to Intrauterine Hypoxia
Authors: Urakova Natalya , Urakov Aleksandr , Olaiya Victor , Agyekum Vincentia , Ejeheri Fidelis , Dadzie Ekow , Shabanov Petr
Published: February 2025

Background:

It was suggested that prenatal use of the Stange test in combination with
fetal biomechanics monitoring would provide an early diagnosis of excessively low fetal resistance
to hypoxia, which could be a criterion for timely cesarean section to prevent stillbirths and perinatal
encephalopathy.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the movement dynamics of fetuses and
aquarium fish during acute model hypoxia, which revealed that the duration of their immobility
phase may serve as a biomarker of resistance to hypoxia.

Method:

This manuscript is a review of scientific articles and inventions using major international
databases, taking into account the selected keywords.

Results:

The use of the modified Stange test has been shown to provide real-time assessment of fetal
resistance to hypoxia for physicians and pregnant women. It has been shown that in normal
pregnancy and high fetal resistance to hypoxia, the fetus maintains a state of immobility for at least
30 seconds during maternal apnea. In the presence of severe feta-placental insufficiency, the duration
of fetal immobility during maternal apnea is less than 10 seconds. Therefore, fetal immobility
during maternal apnea with a duration close to zero indicates excessively low fetal resistance to hypoxia.
In such a case, an emergency cesarean section is recommended to prevent stillbirth and encephalopathy.

Conclusion:

The duration of fetal immobility during maternal apnea may serve as a biomarker of
fetal resistance to hypoxia. Prenatal screening of fetal resistance to hypoxia can improve the outcome
of pregnancy and childbirth.
Quantum Computing Assays: Advancing Drug Metabolism Studies and Drug Delivery Design
Authors: Singh Dilpreet
Published: February 2025

Quantum computing is poised to advance drug metabolism studies and drug de-livery system design by providing unparalleled precision in simulating molecular interac-tions and optimizing therapeutic strategies. In drug metabolism, quantum algorithms allow for the accurate modeling of complex enzyme dynamics, such as those involving cyto-chrome P450 enzymes, which play a pivotal role in drug biotransformation. These simula-tions offer insights into metabolic pathways, helping predict drug efficacy, potential toxici-ties, and interactions with other compounds. Additionally, quantum computing is transform-ing drug delivery system design by enhancing the development of nanocarriers, optimizing their targeting and release profiles, and minimizing off-target effects. Quantum models en-able more efficient design of nanoparticles, liposomes, and other carriers by simulating their interactions with biological environments at the atomic level. Together, these innovations enable faster, more personalized drug development, reducing the need for extensive testing and offering a path toward safer, more effective treatments for complex diseases.
Assessment of critical material requirements for renewable energy systems and green hydrogen production in India
Authors: JAKHAR Ekta
Published: February 2025

Abstract. This study deals with the assessment of critical materials required for the production of green hydrogen from solar energy. The current solar photovoltaic installed capacity of India is 71.61 GW, and it stands fourth globally in solar power generation. The critical materials identified for solar energy are silicon, aluminium, and galvanized iron whereas for Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzer are platinum, iridium, aluminium, graphite, and Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). For alkaline electrolyzer, the only crucial critical materials are nickel and aluminium. India has a surplus amount of aluminium, graphite, and iron. But, it is required to increase the materials‘ mining. The reserve of Nickel is also high in India but still depends on imports of nickel. So in-house mining is required for nickel on a large scale. India has the potential to meet the required critical material needed for renewable energy by enhancement of critical materials mining.
A refined shear deformation theory for natural frequency analysis of power law based functionally graded sandwich plate
Authors: MALVIYA Saloni
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Functionally graded material is a novel composite in which the properties vary with the dimension. Numerous industrial sectors and applications, including aerospace, automotive, biomedical implants, optoelectronic devices, energy-absorbing structures, geological models, and heat exchangers, are highly interested in FGMs. The present study analyzes the natural frequencies of a functionally graded metal-ceramic (FGMC) sandwich plate that has been accomplished considering refined shear deformation theory. Since the parabolic variance in shear strain through the thickness is such that shear stresses vanish on the plate surfaces, the shear correction factor is not required. Hamilton’s principle has been utilized to derive the equation of motion to perform the free vibration analysis. Additionally, the eigen value equation for the FGMC sandwich plate is obtained via Navier's solution. For the analysis, the three variations of sandwich plate are selected. Three various types of FGMC sandwich plate types viz. 1-1-1, 1-2-1, and 2-2-1 have been taken into consideration for conducting the free vibration study to analyze natural frequency. The material properties of each layer of the sandwich plate and the volume gradation index are obtained considering power law. Lastly, the influence of parameters such as volume fraction, length-to-width ratio, and aspect ratio on frequency parameter is investigated. It is observed that geometrical parameters volume fraction index, and thickness ratio of FGMC sandwich plate has a considerable impact on frequency parameter.
Sustainability and Environmental Impact of Polymer Concrete with Styrene Monomer and GGBFS In Structural Applications: A Literature Review
Authors:   Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Brawijaya, 65145, Indonesia, Nursamhuda Wahyu , Susanti Lilya ,   Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Brawijaya, 65145, Indonesia, Wijaya Ming Narto ,   Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Brawijaya, 65145, Indonesia
Published: February 2025

Polymer concrete using styrene monomer and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) as key components show great potential in sustainability and environmental impact for structural applications. This study examines its ability to reduce carbon emissions, improve energy efficiency through recycled materials, and reduce reliance on Portland cement. Using styrene monomer enhances resistance to corrosion and cracking but also presents challenges related to volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, which are harmful to the environment. The literature review concludes that although this polymer concrete shows promise as an environmentally friendly material, further development is needed to address sustainability challenges, particularly in production and material recycling processes. Additional research is required to overcome production efficiency and material recycling challenges.
Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Cost Overrun Based on Relative Importance Index (RII) on Toll Road Projects
Authors:   Civil Engineering Department, Mercu Buana University, 11650, Indonesia, Magdalena Sara , Citra Zel ,   Civil Engineering Department, Mercu Buana University, 11650, Indonesia
Published: February 2025

In the implementation of a construction project, it is not uncommon for many obstacles to arise during its continuity, resulting in one of the common impacts, namely cost overrun. Referring to some of the problems that arise, it is calculated that there is a cost overrun of around 30% of the initial value. This research uses quantitative research methods by collecting data and distributing questionnaires. After that, some data was tested with the help of SPSS and the analysis method, namely the Relative Importance Index, to process the data. Based on the analysis carried out, the top 5 (five) rankings were obtained sequentially related to the occurrence of cost overrun in construction projects, namely frequent delays in work with an RII score of 0,8, incomplete/inappropriate information, and data provided with a score of 0,7, slow arrival of materials during implementation with a score of 0,689, improper project scheduling with a score of 0,689, and high frequency of equipment repair with a score of 0,611, as for the control measures that can be concluded, including making written records or records of events and things that cause these factors, communicating to the employer along with the consequences that can occur, and several other control measures according to the factors faced. From the study's results, it can be concluded that this research is something new and can be beneficial and used primarily by contractors to understand and find the right solutions for toll road project work and develop for other projects that experience cost overrun.