bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A hyper-optimisation method based on a physics-informed machine learning and point clouds for a flat plate solar collector
Authors: Han Jiawei , Mesgarpour Mehrdad , Asirvatham Lazarus Godson , Wongwises Somchai , Ahn Ho Seon , Mahian Omid
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a new way to hyper-optimise a flat plate solar collector using a combination of regenerated point clouds, constructal theory, and physics-informed machine learning (PIML). The behaviour of the flat plate solar collector is studied as solar radiation and ambient temperature change, using both precise numerical simulation and PIML. The novel hyper-optimisation method integrates these two approaches to improve the performance of the solar collector. In this method, the volume of fluid and solid structure of the flat plate solar collector (FPSC) is transformed into point clouds based on constructal theory. The point clouds are then regenerated into a continuous and uniform 3D geometry using optimised parameters. To put the modified version of the flat plate solar collector (FPSC) into practice, a computational method is used to generate a training data set for machine learning, specifically for neural networks. After thoroughly verifying the computational results, the PIM is trained using the generated training data set. This study marked the first time that a regular computational method is replaced with PIML output to reduce the computational cost of prediction. In the second layer of calculation, a deep neural network is used to make predictions based on the outputs generated by PIML. Seven independent parameters are used to predict heat transfer and efficiency over time, including time, heat flux, mass flow rate, inlet temperature, number of pairs and clusters, and volume fraction of nanofluid, while 16 hidden layers and 63 learnable neurons are engaged in this prediction layer. The geometry matrix is redefined by constructal theory principles in a series of iteration loops to generate the first flat plate solar collector based on constructal theory (CTFPSC). The results indicated that the hyper-optimisation method could reduce calculation costs by 18.31% compared with the regular computational method. In addition, the results reveal that maximum outlet temperatures are possible when Nc > 3 and Np> 5.
Torture and Metamorphosis in Exeter Book Riddle 261
Authors: Bria Jasmine
Published: June 2023

The Exeter Book Riddles provide insight into how early English medieval people felt about their place in the non-human world by giving voice to many non-human creatures. Riddle 26 depicts the creation of a manuscript from the perspective of a sheep becoming a page. A close reading of the riddle reveals that the poem is divided into two nearly identical sections, which are built around the contrast between the fundamental and material elements of book-making and the cultural and religious utility of a manuscript.

The riddle begins with the killing of the animal at the hands of an unknown foe and then follows the speaking subject through its forced metamorphosis. The employment of a first-person narrator establishes an empathetic bond between the animal speaking voice and the human audience. However, near the middle of the poem, the tone changes dramatically as the emphasis turns from animal materialism to human spirituality. The closing lines insist on the beauty of the craft, the cultural significance of the book and the spiritual advantages derived from it. As a result, the interaction between the two sections appears to call into question humanity’s position in the book-making process, while simultaneously highlighting the paradoxes in book creation and manuscript culture.
Prediction of 3D Velocity Field of Reticulated Foams Using Deep Learning for Transport Analysis
Authors: Ko Danny D. , Ji Hangjie , Ju Y. Sungtaek
Published: June 2023

Data-driven deep learning models are emerging as a new method to predict the flow and transport through porous media with very little computational power required. Previous deep learning models, however, experience difficulty or require additional computations to predict the 3D velocity field which is essential to characterize porous media at the pore scale. We design a deep learning model and incorporate a physics-informed loss function that enforces the mass conservation for incompressible flows to relate the spatial information of the 3D binary image to the 3D velocity field of porous media. We demonstrate that our model, trained only with synthetic porous media as binary data without additional image processing, can predict the 3D velocity field of real reticulated foams which have microstructures different from porous media that were studied in previous works. Our study provides deep learning framework for predicting the velocity field of porous media and conducting subsequent transport analysis for various engineering applications. As an example, we conduct heat transfer analysis using the predicted velocity fields and demonstrate the accuracy and advantage of our deep learning model.
Safety outcomes of direct oral anticoagulants in older adults with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of (subgroup analyses from) randomized controlled trials
Authors: Doni Katharina , Bühn Stefanie , Weise Alina , Mann Nina-Kristin , Hess Simone , Sönnichsen Andreas , Salem Susanna , Pieper Dawid , Thürmann Petra , Mathes Tim
Published: June 2023

Balancing stroke prevention and risk of bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is challenging. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are by now considered standard of care for treating patients with AF in international guidelines. Our objective was to assess the safety of long-term intake of DOACs in older adults with AF. We included RCTs in elderly (≥ 65 years) patients with AF. A systematic search in MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed on 19 April 2022. For determination of risk of bias, the RoB 2 tool was applied. We pooled outcomes using random-effects meta-analyses. The quality of evidence was assessed using GRADE. Eleven RCTs with a total of 63,374 patients were identified. Two RCTs compared apixaban with either warfarin or aspirin, four edoxaban with either placebo, aspirin, or vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), two dabigatran with warfarin and three rivaroxaban with warfarin. DOACs probably reduce mortality in elderly patients with AF (HR 0.89 95%CI 0.77 to 1.02). Low-dose DOACs likely reduce bleeding compared to VKAs (HR ranged from 0.47 to 1.01). For high-dose DOACS the risk of bleeding varied widely (HR ranged from 0.80 to 1.40). We found that low-dose DOACs probably decrease mortality in AF patients. Moreover, apixaban and probably edoxaban are associated with fewer major or clinically relevant bleeding (MCRB) events compared to VKAs. For dabigatran and rivaroxaban, the risk of MCRB varies depending on dose. Moreover, subgroup analyses indicate that in the very old (≥ 85) the risk for MCRB events might be increased when using DOACs.

Registration: PROSPERO: CRD42020187876.
Online Moral Conformity: how powerful is a Group of Strangers when influencing an Individual’s Moral Judgments during a video meeting?
Authors: Paruzel-Czachura Mariola , Wojciechowska Dominika , Bostyn Dries
Published: June 2023

People make moral decisions every day. When making such decisions, they may be influenced by their companions (a so-called moral conformity effect). Increasingly, people make decisions in online environments, like video meetings. In the current preregistered experiment, we studied the moral conformity effect in an online context. We applied an Asch conformity paradigm by asking participants (N = 120) to reply to sacrificial moral dilemmas through the online video communication tool Zoom either when sitting in a “virtual” room with strangers (confederates instructed on how to answer; experimental condition) or when sitting alone (control condition). We found that people displayed a moral conformity effect on half the dilemmas included in our study as well as in the aggregate.
Genetic Approaches for Neural Circuits Dissection in Non-human Primates
Authors: Li Ling , Liu Zhen
Published: June 2023

Genetic tools, which can be used for the morphology study of specific neurons, pathway-selective connectome mapping, neuronal activity monitoring, and manipulation with a spatiotemporal resolution, have been widely applied to the understanding of complex neural circuit formation, interactions, and functions in rodents. Recently, similar genetic approaches have been tried in non-human primates (NHPs) in neuroscience studies for dissecting the neural circuits involved in sophisticated behaviors and clinical brain disorders, although they are still very preliminary. In this review, we introduce the progress made in the development and application of genetic tools for brain studies on NHPs. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of each approach and provide a perspective for using genetic tools to study the neural circuits of NHPs.
Novel Expansible Aortic Annuloplasty Ring Exhibits Similar Characteristics as the Dacron Ring—an In Vitro Evaluation
Authors: Noor Mariam Abdi , Benhassen Leila Louise , Kaspersen Alexander Emil , Weiss Marc Gjern , Hasenkam John Michael , Johansen Peter
Published: June 2023

An increasing body of research indicates that annular stability plays a key role for a successful aortic valve repair. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare a novel open aortic annuloplasty ring (the A-ring) with the Dacron ring. Both rings were compared with native aortic roots in vitro. Eighteen aortic roots were included in the study and randomized into three groups: the native, Dacron, and A-ring group. The roots were evaluated in an in vitro physiologic pulsatile model simulating the left side of the heart. Aortic annulus diameters were significantly reduced both in the Dacron ring group (p = 0.003) and the A-ring group (p = 0.020) when compared with the native group. Both the Dacron ring and A-ring effectively downsized the aortic annulus diameter. The A-ring also displayed an ability to maintain aortic root distensibility during the cardiac cycle equally to the Dacron ring.

Graphical abstract
Visual analysis of the impact of periodic wakes on the pressure side of a turbine blade
Authors: Nsonga Baldwin , Ventosa-Molina Jordi , Koschichow Denis , Fröhlich Jochen , Gumhold Stefan , Scheuermann Gerik
Published: June 2023

Turbines are core components in jet engines for flight propulsion, power plants, and other important energy conversion processes. They are composed of successive rows of blades so that wakes of upstream blades reach subsequent blades where they perturb the flow in an unsteady manner. At the point where a wake reaches the downstream blades, the perturbation forms a so-called negative jet. In this work, we show that the negative jet partially fulfills the conditions of an anti-splat. Based on this finding, we enhance an anti-splat detection algorithm developed by the present authors in previous work and apply it to direct numerical simulation data of a turbine cascade with unsteady wakes. This provides a sound framework and suitable visualization approaches to investigate the phenomenon even in very complex conditions, as is the alteration of the boundary layer flow along the pressure side of a turbine blade. The approach allows a very clear visualization of this interaction, which was not possible to evidence with previous methods, providing new insight into the physics of this flow. The use of flow paths shows up to which point wakes affect the boundary layer along the blade. The reported physical analysis, made possible by the proposed approach, demonstrates the usefulness of the method for the application domain. The generalization to flows in compressors, pumps, and blade-tower interaction in wind engineering and other fields is possible.

Graphical abstract
Exploring agent-based chatbots: a systematic literature review
Authors: Calvaresi Davide , Eggenschwiler Stefan , Mualla Yazan , Schumacher Michael , Calbimonte Jean-Paul
Published: June 2023

In the last decade, conversational agents have been developed and adopted in several application domains, including education, healthcare, finance, and tourism. Nevertheless, chatbots still need to address several limitations and challenges, especially regarding personalization, limited knowledge-sharing capabilities, multi-domain campaign support, real-time monitoring, or integration of chatbot communities. To cope with these limitations, many approaches based on multi-agent systems models and technologies have been proposed in the literature, opening new research directions in this context. To better understand the current panorama of the different chatbot technology solutions employing agent-based methods, this Systematic Literature Review investigates the different application domains, end-users, requirements, objectives, technology readiness levels, designs, strengths, limitations, and future challenges of the solutions found in this scope. The results of this review are intended to provide researchers, software engineers, and innovators with a complete overview of the current state of the art and a discussion of the open challenges.
Abstracts voorjaarsvergadering NVU, 25 en 26 mei 2023
Authors:   Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Published: June 2023

Samenvatting

De behandeling van een acute urineretentie (AUR) is het plaatsen van een blaaskatheter in combinatie met een alfablokker gevolgd door een poging om zonder katheter te plassen (een trial without catheter of TWOC).
New secondary metabolites with cytotoxicity from fungus Penicillium roqueforti
Authors: Mo Shuyuan , Zhao Ziming , Ye Zi , Huang Zhihong , Zhang Yaxin , Yang Wanqi , Wang Jianping , Hu Zhengxi , Zhang Yonghui
Published: June 2023

Two novel compounds including a cyclohelminthol type polyketide (namely oxaleimide K, 1) and a maleimide derivative (namely peniroquefortine A, 2), and a new natural product (namely 2-(acetylamino)-N-[(1E)-2-phenylethenyl]-acetamide, 3), together with four known compounds (4–7), were isolated and identified from fungus Penicillium roqueforti, which was separated from the root soil of Hypericum beanii N. Robson collected from the Shennongjia Forestry District, Hubei Province. Their structures including absolute configurations were mainly established by the NMR spectroscopy analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiment. Compound 1 represents the second example of a cyclohelminthol type polyketide, which features a rare 6/6/5/5 tetracyclic system and a branched aliphatic chain containing a terminal olefin (oct-1-en-3-yl) moiety, and compound 2 possesses an unprecedented carbon skeleton that is uniquely defined by a maleimide moiety linked to the respective 4-methylene-2-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-phenol and para-substituted aromatic moieties via the carbon-carbon bonds. Remarkably, the absolute configuration of a cyclohelminthol type polyketide as exemplified by compound 1 is determined by the single-crystal diffraction analysis for the first time, highlighting an E-configuration for the linkage of a succinimide moiety and a tetrahydrofuran moiety for 1 rather than a Z-configuration as previously reported in the biosynthesis study, which gives a new insight into the structural elucidation of this category of polyketides. Additionally, compound 1 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against multiple tumor cells, especially against the Farage and SU-DHL-2 cells (IC50 < 20 µM, 48 h). Further mechanism study revealed that compound 1 significantly induced cell cycle arrest in Farage and SU-DHL-2 cells by causing abnormal ROS level and triggering oxidative stress.

Graphical Abstract
Delusions as Storytelling Gone Wrong in Bad Life Situations: Exploring a Discursive Contextual Analysis of Delusions with Clinical Implications
Authors: Guerin Bernard
Published: June 2023

A contextual model of delusions drawing on discourse analysis is explored, which changes current attributional models to more concrete and observable forms of language-in-context. Most current models view delusions as internal beliefs that are the result of faulty reasoning or cognitive errors, whereas the present model treats delusions as natural discourses that have gone wrong or become exaggerated as strategies shaped by the person’s bad life situations and negative social relationships. Brief reviews are made of the properties attributed to delusional beliefs (Table 1) and of the current explanations for delusions (Table 2). An outline of a discursive contextual analysis is then given along with a review of the life contexts for those with “mental health” issues. Discourse analysis is used to account for the delusional properties as discursive properties (Table 3). Delusions are then analyzed in two ways as normal discourse strategies gone wrong when trying to live in bad life contexts: (1) by analyzing “beliefs” as a way of doing social behavior with language; and (2) by analyzing delusions as normal storytelling gone wrong from being shaped by bad social relationships. Table 5 gives some practical questions for therapists and researchers to explore people’s delusions as discursive strategies.
Experimental study of shear behavior of rock–shotcrete interface under dynamic shearing: insights from interface roughness and strain rate
Authors: Bao Weiyue , Zhu Jianbo , Han Dongya , Bi Shuo , Hu Qijun , Liu Lang
Published: June 2023

Rock–shotcrete structures are often suffered from dynamic shearing. However, the understanding of the dynamic shear response of rock–shotcrete structures is still at its infancy. To investigate the effects of strain rate and interface roughness on the dynamic shear response of rock–shotcrete structure, laboratory tests were carried out on the modified double notched sandstone–concrete specimen. Testing results show that the dynamic shear strength and dynamic peak strain of sandstone–concrete specimens are both far less than those of sandstone and concrete specimens. With increasing strain rate, the dynamic shear strength of sandstone–concrete specimen increases and the failure mode changes from interfacial shear failure to the mixed failure, i.e., the interfacial, concrete and sandstone shear failure. With the increase in interface roughness, the failure mode changes from sliding fracture to shear-off fracture, leading to an increase in dynamic shear strength and shear peak strain of sandstone–concrete specimens. In addition, it is the smallest sawtooth angle at the sandstone–concrete interface that dominates the dynamic shear strength of sandstone–concrete specimens. The findings in the present study could facilitate understanding the shear behavior and failure mechanism of the rock–shotcrete structure subjected to dynamic loading and be helpful in the efficient design, reinforcement and stability of rock–shotcrete engineering.
Geschichtlichkeit und ästhetische Relevanz
Authors: Mehltretter Florian
Published: June 2023

Vor dem Hintergrund einer breiten Diskussion über das Verhältnis zwischen literarhistorischer Erforschung und ästhetischer Würdigung historisch ferner Literatur im ersten Jahrzehnt der DVjs legt Erich Auerbach eine Lektüre von Dantes Commedia vor, die beides verbindet. In seinem Artikel »Entdeckung Dantes in der Romantik« in der DVjs von 1929 zeigt er, dass er diesen (im gleichen Jahr in dem Buch Dante als Dichter der irdischen Welt weiter ausgestalteten) Ansatz wesentlich aus Überlegungen Schellings und Hegels entwickelt hat, von denen er auch gewisse metaphysische Hypotheken übernimmt. Die darin liegende besondere Auffassung von Realismus (die 1946 in Auerbachs Buch Mimesis ausgefaltet wird) spitzt er in dem Aufsatz »Figura« von 1939 für seine Danteinterpretation unter Verwendung des bibelhermeneutischen Konzepts der Figuraltypologie zu, allerdings um den Preis einer gewissen Entstellung der historischen Tradition der Typologie. Dadurch gewinnt Auerbach der Literaturwissenschaft ein machtvolles Begriffsinstrument hinzu, das in den dann folgenden Generationen unter Hinweis auf die Polysemie des lateinischen Ausdrucks figura teils unspezifisch eingesetzt wird, nun nicht mehr einer Vorstellung von Literatur als Mimesis, sondern als Ort von Vieldeutigkeit schlechthin folgend.
School Bullying and Personality Traits from Elementary School to University
Authors: Gkatsa Tatiani
Published: June 2023

This retrospective study examines involvement in school bullying at all developmental stages, from elementary school to university, in relation to personality traits. Participants were 216 university students, 162 (75.0%) females and 54 (25.0%) males. The majority of the sample (88.9%) aged 18–24. Students completed the International Personality Items Pool (BFFM) and a self-report questionnaire about school bullying online. The results show that the involvement roles in personality trait A3 (don’t insult) of the Agreeableness (A) scale differ significantly at all educational levels. However, trait E6 Extraversion (E) and the Conscientiousness (C) scale differ at the elementary school level, and trait N6 of the Neuroticism (N) scale varies at the middle school and N3 differs at the high school. All participants differ statistically significantly in A3, Conscientiousness scale at all educational levels. Those involved differ statistically significantly in the traits Neuroticism, C8, and C9 and in two traits of Openness (O). Throughout the course of schooling, victims showed a higher score on the Conscientiousness scale than the bullies/victims. The victims who became the bullies (victims/bullies) had a higher score on the Emotional Stability scale than the bullies who became victims (bullies/victims). About half of the participants said that the experience affected them positively and the other half negatively. Those who answered that it had a positive impact on them showed a statistically significant difference in characteristics E7 (talkativeness) and N10 (pleasant mood). The findings help inform a new perspective of anti-bullying intervention that targets personality traits in all the roles and their rotation.
Walking Difficulties and Brainstem Dysfunction: a Case Report of Adult Onset Leigh Syndrome
Authors: Cipriano E. , Vecchio D. , Mazzini L. , Strigaro G. , Piga D. , Sciacco M. , Comi G.P. , Genovese E. , Cantello R.
Published: June 2023

Leigh syndrome (LS) or subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy is a progressive, lethal, mitochondrial disease mostly presenting in childhood. We report a 36-year-old African male presenting to the Emergency Department with a 6-month history of progressive dysarthria. Examination also showed oculomotor limitations for downgaze and convergence, mild right hemiparesis with Babinski sign, and absent lower limb tendon reflexes. He revealed he was presenting mild walking difficulties since the age of 25. Family history was unremarkable. A brain magnetic resonance showed diffuse white matter lesions without enhancing around the third ventricle, in the medulla oblongata, and bilaterally to the caudate and the putamen. Polymerase-chain-reaction amplification of the mitochondrial genes, followed by direct sequencing, found a 10191T>C variant related to LS. To now, only 8 late-onset patients share the same pathogenic variant.
Livestock hauler and dairy farmer perspectives about cull dairy cattle transport and cattle transport regulations in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Kuo Christine , von Keyserlingk Marina AG
Published: June 2023

Dairy cows are usually culled and transported from the farm when they no longer meet the farm’s standards for production or are not needed for milk production. Some cows are transported while in poor condition and may deteriorate further during transport. In February 2020, Canadian federal animal transport regulations were revised with the aim to minimise risks to livestock during transport; changes that may impact cull dairy cows included defining compromised cattle and limiting their maximum transport time. This study conducted semi-structured interviews with dairy farmers (n = 6) and cattle haulers (n = 4) in British Columbia, Canada, to gain an in-depth understanding of the effect of the regulations on their practices when shipping and transporting dairy cows to slaughter. Interviews were transcribed in Otter.ai and thematically coded in NVivo 12. While farmer and hauler participants recognised the importance of animal welfare during transport and described practices such as shipping mobile animals to reduce the risk that cows would become non-ambulatory during transport, they also described little change in shipping and transport practices due to the new regulations. Among interviewed participants, barriers to compliance with the regulations appear to be low knowledge of, and mixed or negative attitudes towards the regulations. Participants also described how they felt a lack of communication along the transport chain and limited transport and slaughter infrastructure made compliance difficult. Possible suggestions to remedy these barriers include providing educational resources about the regulations and encouraging communication about cow fitness for transport between responsible parties in the transport chain.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection prevention practices that exceed Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidance: Balancing extra caution against impediments to care
Authors: Gohil Shruti K. , Septimus Edward , Sands Kenneth E. , Blanchard Eunice Jackie , Moody Julia , de St. Maurice Annabelle , Yokoe Deborah , Kwon Jennie , Grein Jonathan , Cohen Stuart , Uslan Daniel , Vasudev Milind , Mauricio Amarah , Mabalot Shannon , Coady Micaela H. , Sljivo Selsebil , Smith Kimberly , Carver Brandon , Poland Russell , Perlin Jonathan , Platt Richard , Huang Susan S. ,   for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: June 2023

In a survey of infection prevention programs, leaders reported frequent clinical and infection prevention practice modifications to avoid coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exposure that exceeded national guidance. Future pandemic responses should emphasize balanced approaches to precautions, prioritize educational campaigns to manage safety concerns, and generate an evidence-base that can guide appropriate infection prevention practices.
A frictional–collisional model for bedload transport based on kinetic theory of granular flows: discrete and continuum approaches
Authors: Chassagne Rémi , Bonamy Cyrille , Chauchat Julien
Published: June 2023

In this work, the modelling of collisional bedload transport is investigated with a focus on the continuum modelling of the granular flow. For this purpose, a frictional–collisional approach, combining a Coulomb model with the kinetic theory of granular flows, is developed. The methodology is based on a comparison with coupled fluid–discrete simulations that the classical kinetic theory model fails to reproduce. This inaccuracy may be explained by the assumptions of negligible interparticle friction and the absence of a saltation model in the continuum approach. In order to provide guidelines for the modelling, the fluctuating energy balance is computed in the discrete simulations and systematically compared with the kinetic theory laws. Interparticle friction is shown to affect the radial distribution function and to increase the energy dissipation, in agreement with previous observations. In addition, a saltation regime is identified, leading to departure from the viscosity and pseudo-thermal diffusivity laws of the kinetic theory in the dilute regime. Based on these observations, modifications to account for interparticle friction are included in the two-fluid model, and the kinetic theory is coupled with a saltation model. The results show that for inelastic frictional particles, interparticle friction controls energy dissipation, and the macroscopic behaviour of the granular flow does not depend on the microscopic particle properties. The proposed model reproduces the$\mu (I)$rheology in the dense regime of the granular flow. Finally, the model is evaluated with experiments, showing significant improvements concerning the granular flow modelling.
The Gespenst of Postcolonial Theory
Authors: Berg Anne
Published: June 2023

“What is going on in Germany?” asked Natalie Zemon Davis after Munich suspended the acclaimed play Vögel (Birds) by Wajdi Mouawad in November 2022. Davis, a renowned historian, had been deeply involved in the play's conception and production only to see it pulled for alleged antisemitism and Holocaust relativization.1 This was not an isolated example.2
Remembering to Change the World—Organizing Transnationally against Atrocity
Authors: Partridge Damani J.
Published: June 2023

When I first visited Auschwitz, I visited it as an analyst, a cultural anthropologist accompanying a group of mostly Turkish, Turkish-German, Palestinian, and Palestinian-German youth participating in a federally and locally sponsored program meant to teach them about German history and to address their own antisemitism.1 I was there as an observer who could not help but be dislodged from my professional role and deeply moved by flakes of bone on the ground, and sites of intimate, state-sponsored murder: a shooting wall where guards killed at close range; the collection and smell of the human hair of the murdered a wheelbarrow used to carry human ashes produced after the gas chamber in crematoria. I was moved also by the tears and horror of these same youth, also traumatized by the remains of state-sponsored mass murder. Although the program that led them to Auschwitz was meant to teach them democracy, I wondered about the extent to which actually existing democracy, using its tool of democratization, has the adequate means, humility, or desire to transform itself or to start anew from the position of the mass murdered, the slave, or the noncitizen. What unexpected lessons would it then learn?
Librarians as Agents of German Foreign Policy and the Cultural Consequences of the First World War
Authors: Gusejnova Dina
Published: June 2023

In this article I explore the cultural impact of the First World War by analysing the work of libraries and librarians in different settings, from German-occupied Belgium and prisoner-of-war camps to Germany's own public and private libraries. By examining the work of German, Russian, Polish, Ukrainian, and American librarians, the article makes a case for applying the notion of a ‘long’ First World War to cultural and intellectual history. Considering ephemeral and established libraries, along with new types of collections generated by the war itself, the article sheds light on the changes to library work as a result of mobilization, censorship, and the growth of mass readership. While these changes concerned librarians in all belligerent states, German librarians were particularly affected after the burning of the Leuven library during the city's occupation by German forces. This singular event damaged Germany's national reputation and thereby laid the groundwork for a significant politicization of library work all the way to the Second World War. In addition to tracing the importance of librarians for German foreign policy, the article reconstructs how this professional community, whose intellectual formation was ultimately supranational, responded to the First World War.
Writing in Roman Britain and Continental Europe: A Comparative Analysis of Styli Found in London
Authors: Colombo Alessia
Published: June 2023

This paper investigates Roman writing habits through the evidence of metal styli. An assemblage of more than 400 styli from London constitutes the basis of the analysis, which explores their similarities with examples from other sites in Britain and continental Europe during the Imperial period. The geographical and social distribution of styli suggests that certain types were employed or made in specific locations by different social actors, and that the major political and military centres of the Empire shared a common material culture of writing. The analysis also suggests that styli types of the northern European regions possibly developed from ‘military styli’ brought by soldiers and bureaucrats during the conquest.
One health surveillance strategy for coronaviruses in Italian wildlife
Authors: Leopardi Stefania , Desiato Rosanna , Mazzucato Matteo , Orusa Riccardo , Obber Federica , Averaimo Daniela , Berjaoui Shadia , Canziani Sabrina , Capucchio Maria Teresa , Conti Raffaella , di Bella Santina , Festa Francesca , Garofalo Luisa , Lelli Davide , Madrau Maria Paola , Mandola Maria Lucia , Moreno Martin Ana Maria , Peletto Simone , Pirani Silvia , Robetto Serena , Torresi Claudia , Varotto Maria , Citterio Carlo , Terregino Calogero
Published: June 2023

The recent reinforcement of CoV surveillance in animals fuelled by the COVID-19 pandemic provided increasing evidence that mammals other than bats might hide further diversity and play critical roles in human infectious diseases. This work describes the results of a two-year survey carried out in Italy with the double objective of uncovering CoV diversity associated with wildlife and of excluding the establishment of a reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 in particularly susceptible or exposed species. The survey targeted hosts from five different orders and was harmonised across the country in terms of sample size, target tissues, and molecular test. Results showed the circulation of 8 CoV species in 13 hosts out of the 42 screened. Coronaviruses were either typical of the host species/genus or normally associated with their domestic counterpart. Two novel viruses likely belonging to a novel CoV genus were found in mustelids. All samples were negative for SARS-CoV-2, with minimum detectable prevalence ranging between 0.49% and 4.78% in the 13 species reaching our threshold sample size of 59 individuals. Considering that within-species transmission in white-tailed deer resulted in raising the prevalence from 5% to 81% within a few months, this result would exclude a sustained cycle after spillback in the tested species.
Modelling the impact of COVID-19 and routine MenACWY vaccination on meningococcal carriage and disease in the UK
Authors: Hadley Liza , Karachaliou Prasinou Andromachi , Christensen Hannah , Ramsay Mary , Trotter Caroline
Published: June 2023

Country-wide social distancing and suspension of non-emergency medical care due to the COVID-19 pandemic will undoubtedly have affected public health in multiple ways. While non-pharmaceutical interventions are expected to reduce the transmission of several infectious diseases, severe disruptions to healthcare systems have hampered diagnosis, treatment, and routine vaccination. We examined the effect of this disruption on meningococcal disease and vaccination in the UK. By adapting an existing mathematical model for meningococcal carriage, we addressed the following questions: What is the predicted impact of the existing MenACWY adolescent vaccination programme? What effect might social distancing and reduced vaccine uptake both have on future epidemiology? Will catch-up vaccination campaigns be necessary? Our model indicated that the MenACWY vaccine programme was generating substantial indirect protection and suppressing transmission by 2020. COVID-19 social distancing is expected to have accelerated this decline, causing significant long-lasting reductions in both carriage prevalence of meningococcal A/C/W/Y strains and incidence of invasive meningococcal disease. In all scenarios modelled, pandemic social mixing effects outweighed potential reductions in vaccine uptake, causing an overall decline in carriage prevalence from 2020 for at least 5 years. Model outputs show strong consistency with recently published case data for England.
The pitch contour of the French discourse marker donc: A corpus-based study using generalized additive mixed modeling
Authors: Deng Delin , Wang Fenqi , Wayland Ratree
Published: June 2023

In this article, we explored the pitch contour patterns of the French discourse marker donc in realizing different pragmatic functions from native and non-native oral corpora in French. Statistical analyses using generalized additive mixed modeling revealed that even though Mandarin Chinese L1 speakers learning French also used the pitch cue to realize pragmatic functions, their prosodic pattern is different from the native pattern. Their L1 Chinese seemed to influence their usage of the pitch cue significantly. In addition, women were shown to be better than men in using the pitch cue in conveying pragmatic functions with a closer pattern to the native pattern. Overall, our study sheds new light on the relationship between speakers’ L1 and L2 regarding the interaction between pragmatic and prosodic features. It also provides new reflections on the acquisition of socio-pragmatic competence.
Whither Political Science in a Post-Pandemic World? Challenges, Trends, and Opportunities
Authors: Ishiyama John
Published: June 2023

In this essay I outline what I see as the challenges, trends and opportunities facing political science after the pandemic. In particular, the essay focuses on the importance of political science education in addressing the challenges to democracy we now face, and the need to rethink political science education at all levels, k-12, undergraduate and graduate education. It ends with a description of the presidential task force on “Rethinking Political Science Education” and the establishment of an APSA standing committee on civic education.
Zukunft jetzt gestalten
Authors: Rohde Katrin S. , Frink Elmar
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung: Was kann gegen den Mangel an Pädagog_innen in der Pflegeausbildung getan werden? Darüber sprach Katrin S. Rohde mit Elmar Frink, der als stellvertretener Schulleiter darum weiß, wie Unterstützung und kreative Wege der Personalgewinnung den beruflichen Alltag für das gesamte Team erleichtern.
Kultursensibel pflegen
Authors: Doukas Maria , Heinbach Gesa
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung: Um kultursensibel pflegen zu können, ist es unabdingbar, über fachspezifische Kompetenzen zu verfügen. Die kulturelle Vielfalt von Pflegepersonen wie von Patient_innen initiiert einen Lernprozess hin zu diesen Kompetenzen. Es erfordert ein fundiertes Verständnis von Kultur und Lernen sowie eine gute Ausund Weiterbildung, integriert in den Prozess der interkulturellen Öffnung des Gesundheitswesens.
Integrity and Moral Flexibility
Authors: Hart William , Cease Charlotte K. , Lambert Joshua T. , Witt Danielle E.
Published: June 2023

Abstract: People with high integrity should stubbornly insist on maintaining their moral stances regardless of how their stances will make them appear. However, we examined whether people who claim to be high in integrity will express different moral stances to appear high in integrity. Participants ( N = 433) self-reported their integrity and then read and responded to hypothetical moral dilemmas that introduced tension between utilitarian and deontological moral principles. Participants reported their willingness to choose the utilitarian (vs. deontological) option in each dilemma under conditions in which choosing the utilitarian option signaled high integrity (utilitarian-signals-high-integrity condition) or choosing the deontological option signaled high integrity (deontological-signals-high-integrity condition). Generally, participants reported greater willingness to choose the utilitarian (vs. deontological) option in the utilitarian-signals-high-integrity (vs. deontological-signals-high-integrity) condition, but this effect was greater amongst people higher in self-proclaimed integrity. Additional analyses produced similar effects after accounting for participant sex, other moral personality traits, and experimenter demand. Broadly, the findings support the possibility that self-proclaimed integrity may be partly based on a self-presentation process.
Peli3 ablation ameliorates acetaminophen-induced liver injury through inhibition of GSK3β phosphorylation and mitochondrial translocation
Authors: Lee Jaewon , Ha Jihoon , Kim Jun-Hyeong , Seo Dongyeob , Kim Minbeom , Lee Yerin , Park Seong Shil , Choi Dahee , Park Jin Seok , Lee Young Jae , Yang Siyoung , Yang Kyung-Min , Jung Su Myung , Hong Suntaek , Koo Seung-Hoi , Bae Yong-Soo , Kim Seong-Jin , Park Seok Hee
Published: June 2023

The signaling pathways governing acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury have been extensively studied. However, little is known about the ubiquitin-modifying enzymes needed for the regulation of APAP-induced liver injury. Here, we examined whether the Pellino3 protein, which has E3 ligase activity, is needed for APAP-induced liver injury and subsequently explored its molecular mechanism. Whole-body Peli3−/− knockout (KO) and adenovirus-mediated Peli3 knockdown (KD) mice showed reduced levels of centrilobular cell death, infiltration of immune cells, and biomarkers of liver injury, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), upon APAP treatment compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Peli3 deficiency in primary hepatocytes decreased mitochondrial and lysosomal damage and reduced the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. In addition, the levels of phosphorylation at serine 9 in the cytoplasm and mitochondrial translocation of GSK3β were decreased in primary hepatocytes obtained from Peli3−/− KO mice, and these reductions were accompanied by decreases in JNK phosphorylation and mitochondrial translocation. Pellino3 bound more strongly to GSK3β compared with JNK1 and JNK2 and induced the lysine 63 (K63)-mediated polyubiquitination of GSK3β. In rescue experiments, the ectopic expression of wild-type Pellino3 in Peli3−/− KO hepatocytes restored the mitochondrial translocation of GSK3β, but this restoration was not obtained with expression of a catalytically inactive mutant of Pellino3. These findings are the first to suggest a mechanistic link between Pellino3 and APAP-induced liver injury through the modulation of GSK3β polyubiquitination.
Photonic structures in radiative cooling
Authors: Lee Minjae , Kim Gwansik , Jung Yeongju , Pyun Kyung Rok , Lee Jinwoo , Kim Byung-Wook , Ko Seung Hwan
Published: June 2023

Radiative cooling is a passive cooling technology without any energy consumption, compared to conventional cooling technologies that require power sources and dump waste heat into the surroundings. For decades, many radiative cooling studies have been introduced but its applications are mostly restricted to nighttime use only. Recently, the emergence of photonic technologies to achieves daytime radiative cooling overcome the performance limitations. For example, broadband and selective emissions in mid-IR and high reflectance in the solar spectral range have already been demonstrated. This review article discusses the fundamentals of thermodynamic heat transfer that motivates radiative cooling. Several photonic structures such as multilayer, periodical, random; derived from nature, and associated design procedures were thoroughly discussed. Photonic integration with new functionality significantly enhances the efficiency of radiative cooling technologies such as colored, transparent, and switchable radiative cooling applications has been developed. The commercial applications such as reducing cooling loads in vehicles, increasing the power generation of solar cells, generating electricity, saving water, and personal thermal regulation are also summarized. Lastly, perspectives on radiative cooling and emerging issues with potential solution strategies are discussed.
Characterisation of cell lines derived from prostate cancer patients with localised disease
Authors: Moya Leire , Walpole Carina , Rae Fiona , Srinivasan Srilakshmi , Seim Inge , Lai John , Nicol David , Williams Elizabeth D. , Clements Judith A. , Batra Jyotsna
Published: June 2023

Background

Prostate cancer is a broad-spectrum disease, spanning from indolent to a highly aggressive lethal malignancy. Prostate cancer cell lines are essential tools to understanding the basic features of this malignancy, as well as in identifying novel therapeutic strategies. However, most cell lines routinely used in prostate cancer research are derived from metastatic disease and may not fully elucidate the molecular events underlying the early stages of cancer development and progression. Thus, there is a need for new cell lines derived from localised disease to better span the disease spectrum.

Methods

Prostatic tissue from the primary site, and adjacent non-cancerous tissue was obtained from four patients with localised disease undergoing radical prostatectomy. Epithelial cell outgrowths were immortalised with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E6 and E7 to establish monoclonal cell lines. Chromosomal ploidy was imaged and STR profiles were determined. Cell morphology, colony formation and cell proliferation characteristics were assessed. Androgen receptor (AR) expression and AR-responsiveness to androgen treatment were analysed by immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR, respectively. RNA-seq analysis was performed to identify prostate lineage markers and expression of prostate cancer tumorigenesis-related genes.

Results

Two benign cell lines derived from non-cancer cells (AQ0420 and AQ0396) and two tumour tissue derived cancer cell lines (AQ0411 and AQ0415) were immortalised from four patients with localised prostatic adenocarcinoma. The cell lines presented an epithelial morphology and a slow to moderate proliferative rate. None of the cell lines formed anchorage independent colonies or displayed AR-responsiveness. Comparative RNA-seq expression analysis confirmed the prostatic lineage of the four cell lines, with a distinct gene expression profile from that of the metastatic prostate cancer cell lines, PC-3 and LNCaP.

Conclusions

Comprehensive characterization of these cell lines may provide new in vitro tools that could bridge the current knowledge gap between benign, early-stage and metastatic disease.
Phyllosphere symbiont promotes plant growth through ACC deaminase production
Authors: Herpell Johannes B , Alickovic Ajtena , Diallo Bocar , Schindler Florian , Weckwerth Wolfram
Published: June 2023

Plant growth promoting bacteria can confer resistance to various types of stress and increase agricultural yields. The mechanisms they employ are diverse. One of the most important genes associated with the increase in plant biomass and stress resistance is acdS, which encodes a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate- or ACC-deaminase. The non-proteinogenic amino acid ACC is the precursor and means of long-distance transport of ethylene, a plant hormone associated with growth arrest. Expression of acdS reduces stress induced ethylene levels and the enzyme is abundant in rhizosphere colonizers. Whether ACC hydrolysis plays a role in the phyllosphere, both as assembly cue and in growth promotion, remains unclear. Here we show that Paraburkholderia dioscoreae Msb3, a yam phyllosphere symbiont, colonizes the tomato phyllosphere and promotes plant growth by action of its ACC deaminase. We found that acdS is required for improved plant growth but not for efficient leaf colonization. Strain Msb3 readily proliferates on the leaf surface of tomato, only occasionally spreading to the leaf endosphere through stomata. The strain can also colonize the soil or medium around the roots but only spreads into the root if the plant is wounded. Our results indicate that the degradation of ACC is not just an important trait of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria but also one of leaf dwelling phyllosphere bacteria. Manipulation of the leaf microbiota by means of spray inoculation may be more easily achieved than that of the soil. Therefore, the application of ACC deaminase containing bacteria to the phyllosphere may be a promising strategy to increasing plant stress resistance, pathogen control, and harvest yields.