bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Salivary Cortisol Level Pre and Post MRI Scanning
Authors: Abbas Maha Jamal , Abood Kahtan Adnan , Al Azzawi Lehad M.
Published: April 2022

The measurement of salivary cortisol level has become a reliable method for studying the adrenal cortical function and it is response to different intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as medications and stressful factors.

            The aims of this study is to investigate if there is difference between sex and the effect of time of testing on salivary cortisol level, pre and post was scanning, data for cortisol, Salivary Flow Rate (SFR) and PH of saliva were analyzed.

            Non-stimulated salivary samples from 24 subjects (8 males, 16 females) pre and post scanning with Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was collected and the diurnal variation was taken into consideration for that all the pre and post scanning samples collected at the morning. Salivary cortisol was measured by ELISA technique, PH of saliva was measured by PH meter and salivary flow rate by specific equation.

            The results shows there was significant difference in the level of salivary cortisol, SFR and PH of saliva pre and post examination and there was positive correlation with regard to cortisol level and PH of saliva pre and post scanning, just the salivary flow rate showed negative correlation, in addition the results revealed significant difference with regards to the sex of the participant as well as positive correlation between salivary PH and SFR in pretest phase and positive correlation between salivary cortisol level, SFR in post scanning phase.

            From the results of this study we can conclude that the exposure to MRI scanning have an effect on Hypothalamic pituitary –adrenal axes and predispose to significant changes in cortisol level post scanning and this difference must be taken into consideration in concern to effect of raising the level of cortisone on other variables.
Study the Expression of Neogene PGBD3 that Derived from DNA Transposons in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Qasim Ahmed H.
Published: April 2022

The process of molecular domestication that occurred on DNA transposons and gives what is called neogenes that may play an important role in the human genetic instability. One of these Neogene is piggyBac 3 (PGBD3) which is associated with human Cockayne syndrome and Premature ovarian failure.

            The aim of this work is to study the expression of Neogene PGBD3 in colorectal cancer cell lines.

            The protein expression of PGBD3 gene have been studied by western blot method in twelve colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT116, SW48, LOVO, DLD1) which are microsatellite instable MSI, (SW480, SW620, HT29, LS123, COLO205, T84, SW403, SW1463) which are microsatellite stable MSS and in healthy tissue of colon as a control.

            The result of this study showed that the protein expression of PGBD3 gene in all 12 colorectal cancer cell lines were obtained with variable degree of expression which was not seen in healthy colon tissue.

            From the results of this work, it can be concluded that PGBD3 may have a role in colorectal cancer either in initiation, promotion or progression which need further research and confirmation.
Comparative Study of Prepared Bromelain Gel Formulations and their Evaluation by HPLC Determination
Authors: Hasson Kahtan Jassim
Published: April 2022

Bromelain powder (proteolytic enzyme) was formulated as a gel for topical medical application by using two preparations method; Carbople 940 was used in the first formulation and Lutrol F 127 in the second.

            The physical and pharmaceutical properties of the gel formulations including the diffusion rates through the skin in vitro were evaluated.

            The best permeability of Bromelain was obtained with the 22% Lutrol F 127 gel formulation. In addition, a simple and rapid reversed-phase HPLC method was developed to monitor the quantitative analysis during the study. The used column was C18, 5µm (25 cm length), the mobile phase consisted of 70% methanol in 0.1 M dibasic potassium phosphate. The retention time of Bromelain was 7.3 minutes and the method proved precision as the straight line relationship of peaks areas and concentrations was with a correlation coefficient 0.998, and the RSD value for five successive determinations for same sample solution was 1.2%.
Effect of henna (lawsonia inermis) and juglans regia bark extract on some pathogenic microorganisms
Authors: AL-Sa'ady Ali Jabbar Rashak , Abbas Lamees Mohammed Riuadh
Published: April 2022

Six types of extracts were prepared for henna leaves (Lawsonia inermis) and Juglans Regia bark, by using distilled water, 1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), 1 M sodium acetate buffer (pH 6.0), 1 M Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), ethanol and methanol alcohol. The antibacterial activities of the henna and J. regia extracts were determined using the agar disc diffusion on nutrient agar for each one of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The results of the phytochemical screening of henna extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, terpens, anthraquinones, tannins and phenols, whilst flavonoids, saponins, steroids, resins and coumarines gave negative test, on the other hand, result indicate the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenols, steroids and anthraquinones, whereas the terpens, resins, and coumarines gave negative test in J. Regia bark extract. The highest antimicrobial activity was observed upon using 10 gm % (w:v) of henna extracted by 1M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), and 10 gm % (w:v) of J. regia bark extracted with 1M sodium acetate buffer (pH 6.0), after mixing for 4 hours. The best concentration of henna and J. regia bark extract on discs that gave the high antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms was 10 mg/ml.
Synthesis, CharacterizationandAntibacterial Studyof NewSulfa Drug Derivatives Containing 4-Thaiazoliodinones
Authors: Mahdi Monther Faisal , Alwan Ali Hussein , Abdul-Majeed Shahlaa Zuhair
Published: April 2022

New series of sulfamethoxazole containing -4-thiazolidinone ring (compounds IV(a-f)) have been synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria & gram negative bacteria. These compounds expected to have higher antibacterial activity than sulfamethoxazole, due to the presence of 4-thiazolidinone pharmacophore.The purity of the synthesized compounds was detected by determination of physical properties (melting points &Rf values). The chemical structure of the intermediate and final compounds was characterized and confirmed by measuring FT-IR spectroscopy, elemental microanalysis (CHNS) and 1H-Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy.The preliminary study of antimicrobial activity of the final compounds were evaluated by well diffusion method. All tested compounds exert significant antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria especially Escherichia coli, Klebsiellapneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyougenes, which compared to DMSO as control, and sulfamethoxazole as standard.In comparison of the antibacterial activity results among the tested compounds, the results showed that compound (IVf) may regard the best one and compound (IVc) the lower one. These results encourage further evaluation of these compounds for different antimicrobial activities.
Design and Synthesis of new Naproxen Analogues as Potential Anti-inflammatory Agents
Authors: Nasser Noor H. , Hammud Nethal H. , Hasan Samer A. , Abdalsadh Abbas Hamid , Hussein Ahmed kareem
Published: April 2022

4-aminobenzenesulfonamide derivatives were linked to α-carbon of naproxen a non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) to increase its size, so; increase its selectivity toward COX-2 enzyme, rather than COX-1 enzyme, that lead to reduce gastrointestinal side effects of this drug.The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds and their intermediates were confirmed and characterized using elemental microanalysis (CHN), FTIR, and other physicochemical properties like melting points, Rf values.
Effect of Antiulcer on the Liver functions
Authors: Joad A.L Aumr Thaar , Hussein Omar Mohammad , Ahmed Ihab Shihab , Rejab Ali Abdulrahman , Hassan Omer Faiz , Abdullah Wael Abdulrazak
Published: April 2022

This study was done in Samarra city from 2-8-2015 until 22-12-2015 and 105 sample was collectedand divided to three groups. The first group 35 patientswere take Ranitidine as antiulcer drug and 35 patients were take Omeprazole antiulcer drug and 35 subjects as control. Patientscomparison were done between each group with control get a result if there is any effect on Liver function that the result were decrease in Alanine transferese (ALT), Aspartate transferese (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and serum Total Protein (S. Total Protein), and we observed both of Ranitidine and Omeprazole not effect on total serum bilirubin (T.S.B) . The comparison between the two drugs in the impact on function convergent.
Antibacterial Activity ofMiswak(SalvadorapersicaL.)Stem Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts in vitro
Authors: Syhood Yahya Dreaim
Published: April 2022

The aim was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of three concentrations (50, 75 and 100 μg/ml) of aqueous and ethanoliccrudeextractsofmiswak(Salvadorapersica) on threepathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenesand Pseudomonas aeruginosa)using agar well-diffusion method.Phytochemical analysis revealed that the extracts contained alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins and steroids. Antibacterial evaluations demonstrated that both extracts inhibited the growth of the investigated bacteria in a concentration-dependent manner, but the aqueous extract was more efficient than the ethanolicextract.Thehighest growth-inhibition (GI) zone(22.1± 2.3mm)was observed in the culture ofP. aeruginosaat the concentration 100 μg/mlof the aqueous extract, while the lowest (12.3± 1.2 mm) was inthe culture of S.aureus using the ethanolic extract at the concentration 50 μg/ml. These findings suggest the antibacterial potential of Salvadorapersica stem, which might be related to its chemical constituents..
Analysis of the essential oil extract from the aerial parts of southernwood herb (Artemisia abrotanum L.) that grown in Iraq by GC/MS
Authors: Almahdawy Sarah S. , Abbas Ibrahim S. , Dawood Ashour H.
Published: April 2022

Objective: this research is to identify the chemical composition of essential oil of the aerial parts of A.abrotanum L. that grown in Iraq and used recently only for decorative purpose.Method: After collection of the aerial parts the essential oil extracted by hydro-distillation using Clevenger apparatus, then the oil are analyzed by GC/MS.Result: The obtained results show the presence of 14 compounds. The most important constituents are: Eucalyptol (1, 8-cineole), O-cymene, Camphor, Terpineol, Borneol, Longipinocarvone, Limonene, and Aromadendrene.Conclusion: This study analyzes the chemical constituents of the essential oil of A.abrotanum. The essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation then analyzed by GC/MS. 14 Compounds were identified. Due to good result obtained from the essential oil from this plant so further studies chemically and clinically of the active compounds is required.
Study the antibacterial Effect of CO2 Laser againstMultidrug Resistant Biofilm formationAcinetobacterbaumanniiIsolated from Different Samples
Authors: Naji Eman Natiq
Published: April 2022

Acinetobacterbaumanniihas become known as an imperative healthcare associated and multidrug-resistant microorganismwarrants the training of novel methodologies for prevention and treatment. This report aimed to estimate the antimicrobial properties ofCO2laser at 10600 nm on A.baumannii isolates. Two hundred specimens were collected from patients suffering from wound infections, urinary tract infections, respiratory infections and medical equipment samples. 50 samples for each. These samples were gathered from diverse hospitals in Baghdad\Iraq. The collected specimens were streaked directly on CHROM agar Acinetobacter. The positive culture results were diagnosed genotypicaly, recA gene (a house keeping gene) was used for this purpose. All isolates were tested for antibiotic sensitivity testing and 13 divers of antibiotics were used. Also, the ability of biofilm formation was detected. CO2laser 10600 nm at power densities (1000,1500,2000 and 2500) W/cm2 with exposure time (15,30, 45 and 60) second was used for the irradiation experiment.17 isolates were positive to A. baumannii which were distributed as follows 4 ,6, 3 and 4 isolates from wounds,urine , sputum  and medical equipments samples respectively. Antibiotic sensitivitytest results considered ten of A.baumanniias MDR isolates  because of its capability to resist ten antibiotics belong to cephalosporins, carbapenems,ampicillinsulbactam, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides groups. In additions 14(82.35%) out of the 17 isolates were biofilm producer ranged from weak, moderate to strong biofilm produer. Four isolates, one from four different isolation sources were chosen for CO2 laser irradiation each isolate resisted to all antibiotics used in this study and strong biofilm producer. In general, in this study the results showed that when using power densities (2000 and 2500 W/cm2 at exposure time 30s and 45s) of CO2 laser irradiations the maximum rate of killing percentage was ranged from 97% to 100% for A.baumannii isolated from clinical samples while more exposure time were needed (45s and 60s) to get the same killing percentage for A.baumannii isolated from medical equipments. Consequently, the use of CO2 laser 10600 nm which is independent towards the antibacterial agents resistance pattern of MDR A.baumannii could verify advantageous in treatment of various types of infections caused by these bacteria in addition it may be used in sterilization of some  medical equipment surfaces
Serum Calcium And Phosphateleveelsin Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Taking Different Dose of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Matti Bassam Francis , Sabir Shahla'a Fadhil , Abdul Khaleq Maysaa Ali , Al kaabi Marwah Hasan
Published: April 2022

Objective: chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative confusion characterized by the occurrence of an acquired mutation which affect the hematopoietic stem cell, treatment of CML with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) has resulted in high response rates compared to the interferon alpha and hydroxy urea. However, the long-term consequences of TKI had an effect on calcium (Ca++ ) and phosphate(PO4-2 ) levels which may have adverse events on the cardiac and skeletomuscular contraction. Methods:  in a cross-sectional study, 95 patients with CML receiving different TKI treatment for at least one year duration were randomly divided in to three groups: group (1) who received imatinib myselate (Gleevec) 400mgper oral per day,the second group were patients received gleevec 600mg-800mg/day, while the third group patients were received nilotinib 800mg/day as a second line therapy after failure to imatinib mylselate response . Results: in the present study,serum Ca++  level was a significant lower statistical different with p < 0.05 when compared with serum level of PO4-2inpatients treated with imatinib and nilotinib with lower serumCa++ and PO4-2levelsin imatinibpatientsgroup than patientsused nilotinib group with p-value 0.049 and 0.005 subsequently. Conclusion:  imatinib therapy with the long term use may cause hypocalcemia and hypophospatemia without significant correlation more than treatment with nilotinib where  significant correlation was between serum Ca++ and PO4-2and these changes may give an idea that disturbance of serum Ca++, PO4-2was multifactorial
Evaluationoof0theoRole0ofoGabapentin0and/oroOmega-30in0Uremic Pruritusofor0PatientsoUndergoing0Hemodialysis0
Authors: Hussein Sinan Forat , Kadhim Kadhim Ali , Al_Sultani Ali Jassim , Hussain Saad Abdulrahman
Published: April 2022

Uremicopruritus,0isochronic0itchingothat0occursoin0patientsowith0advancedoor0 end-stage renal0disease.oIt0isoone0ofocommon0symptomsoinopatients00with00end-stage renal0 diseaseowith0approximatelyo60–90%0ofopatients0on0hemodialysis(HD) suffering0fromothis0problem. This study wasodesigned0to evaluate theoefficacy0and safety of prescribing Gabapentinoand0Omega-3 in combination or aloneofor0relieving uremicopruritus0in Iraqi patients undergoing0hemodialysis. The resultsoshowed0that all the threeoinvolved0regimens0(gabapentin, omega-3,0and the combinationoof0both drugs) had0significantly reduced the pruritus score. Furthermore,0theocombination0was significantlyosuperior0tooother0regimens in reducingopruritus 0score, owhile0no0significant effect0wasoobserved0by oallothe regimensoon0interleukin-6oor0on parathyroid hormone serum0levels.In Conclusion Gabapentin0100mgoplus01000mg0omega-30based fishooil capsules containing 120mg0DHA and0180mg0EPA isosuperior0to each drug alone0in reducing pruritus scoreoin0a0sample0of Iraqi0patients.
spectrophotometric method for the determination of Mefenamic acid in pharmaceutical dosage form
Authors: Rashid Mohammed Habib , Sarsam Susan Wadie , Al-Sabea Najib
Published: April 2022

A new, stable and accurate UV spectrophotometric method was introduced for the determination of Mefenamic acid content in pure pharmaceutical material and in tablet dosage form. The method was based on the formation of a metal complex between Mefenamic acid and Nickel (II), which showed to exhibit a maximum absorbance at 360 nm. The analytical results obtained for both the pure compound and the four samples from different pharmaceutical brands available in the Iraqi pharmaceutical market were validated statistically. A comparison of the results obtained for the brands under study has revealed that Mefenamic acid content of the different brands was in good agreement with the labeled values and was within the permitted allowed percentage limits according to the United States pharmacopeia.
Potential Theraputic Effect of Liraglutide in Male Rats Parkinsonn’Disease Model
Authors: Abdulkareem Ahmed Hazem , Alsaraafb Khulood Majed , Alabbassi Mustafa Ghazi , Al- Obaidy Mustafa Mohammed
Published: April 2022

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative, chronic disease presented by both nonmotor and motor features. The neuronal loss which rich by dopamine in striatum was the main cause for the PD motor symptoms. While neuronal loss in non-dopaminergic areas support PD nonmotor. liraglutide (Glucagon like peptide-1 mimetic), have effect on CNS by decreasing the number of neutrophils infiltration within CNS which reflect anti-inflammatory characteristics in model of intracerebral haemorrhage in mice. This study represent an attempt o investigate the potential therapeutic effect of liraglutide in male rats Parkinson’s disease model. Thirty six adult male rats were divided into three equal groups. Rats in group A were treated with saline intraperitoneally for 30 days. Meanwhile these rats in group B and group C were treated with 6- hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) toxicant unilaterally intrathecal injection in a dose of 8 μg/per rat in 2 μl distal water, to introduce Parkinson model in rats. Group B were treated similar to that of group A with saline intraperitoneally for 30 days, while group C were treated with liraglutide intraperitoneally for 30 days in a dose 25nmol/kg. Histological changes were observed by light microscopy. The histopathological study showed that neurotoxins, that is, 6-OHDA, caused marked hypertrophic changes, infiltration of neutrophils, alterations of architecture, and even cell death in group B. Furthermore, many neurons were shrunken, and darkly stained with small nuclei compared with normal vehicle treated rats of group A. There is marked reversal of neuronal damage or neuronal alterations observed with liraglutide (25 nmol/ kg) treated rats in group C.
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Chlordiazepoxide in Pharmaceutical Preparations Application to content uniformity testing
Authors: Ahmed Nief Rahman
Published: April 2022

A reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) has been developed for the determination of  chlordiazepoxide in the pharmaceutical formulations . Separation was achieved using supelco C18 column(25cm x 4.6 mm. 5 µm). The mobile phase (ethanol), adjusted pH to 1.0 with 1N sulfuric acid and pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min . The peaks  were detected at 310 nm. Linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 0.01- 0.20 mg/ml .The method was statistically validated and RSD was found to be less than 1.5 % indicating high degree of accuracy and precision of the proposed HPLC method. Due to its simplicity, rapidness, high precision and accuracy, the proposed HPLC method may be used for determining chlordiazepoxide in pure drug samples, and pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Effects 0f Aliskiren on the Absorption of Monosaccharides in Animal Model of Fructose-induced Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Aziz Tavga Ahmed , Ahmed Zheen Orahman , Utba Rbab Mohammed , Hussain Saad Abdulrahman
Published: April 2022

The renin angiotensin system (RAS) was involved in various metabolic processes including insulin secretion, carbohydrate absorption and proliferation of adipose tissue. This study aims to evaluate the effects of aliskiren on the absorption of glucose in rats with fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. The results showed that treatment with aliskiren attenuates the increase in body weight and improves fasting serum glucose, insulin, triglycerides and cholesterol levels. Moreover, absorption of glucose was significantly decreased after oral glucose load in high-fructose diet fed rats. In conclusion, aliskiren significantly reduces body weight, fasting serum glucose, insulin, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, and the rate of glucose absorption after oral glucose load in high fructose-fed rats.
Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization of new heterocycles based on sulfamethoxazole as potent antimicrobial agents
Authors: Khan Ayad Kareem
Published: April 2022

A series of sulfamethoxazole derivatives attached to heterocyclic ring such as 1,2-diazepane (3), 1,3,4-oxadiazole (4), two pyrazoles (5,6), 1,2,4-triazine (7), 1,3,4-oxadiazine (8) and four novel 1,3-oxazepines (14-17)were designed and synthesized in this research. The structures of the newly prepared compounds were confirmedbased on a comprehensive characterization of spectral data by applied (infrared, proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy). Physicochemical properties also determined for each synthesized derivatives. The finallyprepared compounds were tested for their anti-bacterial and fungal activity invitro. Four types of pathogenic bacteria with two types of yeast similar to fungi were used in the evaluation. Each screened compounds showed perfect antimicrobial activity comparable with sulfamethoxazole used as parent drug
Potential Benefit of Melatonin as an Adjuvant Therapy in a Sample of Iraqi Patients with Crohn’s Disease: A New Study
Authors: Saleh Hussein Hazim , Abdulridha Manal Khalid , Najeb Akram Ajeel
Published: April 2022

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is considered as a general term for groups of idiopathic, chronic, relapsing inflammatory disorders of the GIT.  Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be divided into two main diseases: Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD).  Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a hormone that is secreted from a pineal gland and other tissues such as gastrointestinal tract (GIT). This study was intended to evaluate the potential effectiveness of melatonin as an adjuvant to the standard treatment. This interventional prospective randomized-controlled, open-label, single center study was carried out on 30 patients visiting the Biological Unit/Baghdad Teaching Hospital/Medical City Directorate, for their scheduled standard treatment for moderate to severe CD during the period from August 2016 to March 2017. Ethical committee approval and patients written consent were obtained. Hemoglobin (Hb) level in CD patients was significantly increased after both regimen (standard treatment and melatonin adjuvant therapy), but no significant difference in hemoglobin between the two groups. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) level was significantly decreased after both regimens (P<0.05) with no significant difference was found between patients groups. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) level was not affected after both regimens in CD patients. From the present study, a promising therapeutic strategy emerged in respect to melatonin as adjuvant therapy in patients with CD which may suggest a role in ameliorating disease process both subjectively and objectively thus optimize therapeutic outcome
Comparison between patients with thyroid follicular tumors in the histological pattern and size of follicular lesion
Authors: Qasim Ban Jumaah , Abid Wijdan Basheer , Hameed Al-Ezzi Buthainah Ibraheem , Okhti Zahraa Ahmed
Published: April 2022

The main problem encountered in thyroid nodule is difficult to differentiate between a benign and malignant lesion. Differential between follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) and benign follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) is a great challenge for even an experienced pathologist and requires special effort.A total of 120 paraffin block were included in the study, 30 blocks were (FC), 30 blocks were (FVPC). 30 blocks were (FA), 30 blocks were blocks thyroid follicular hyperplasia.20 blocks endocervical epithelium.20 paraffin blocks of colonic epithelium as control. From each paraffin block, 4 slides, each of thicken were taken, stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) for revision of histopathological diagnosis.The histological arrangement in follicular carcinoma and follicular adenoma was significant (P= 0.001) in trabecular pattern and the difference was significant (P= 0.016) in mixed pattern while no significance with microfollicular, macrofollicular and normofollicular pattern in both follicular carcinoma and adenoma. There was no significant difference in size follicular lesion among FA, FVPC and follicular hyperplasia (P> 0.05) while, the size follicular lesion in of (FC) was significantly higher from all other groups (P< 0.05).
Melatonin Improves Lipid Profile and Ameliorates Lipid Peroxidation in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.
Authors: Assad Al Lami Hayder Chasib
Published: April 2022

Dyslipidemia and oxidative modifications of lipid are frequently associated in patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and considered the most important risk factors for cardiovascular events. Melatonin is a well known potent antioxidant and has beneficial effect on lipid metabolism. the study was designed to evaluate if Melatonin could improve lipid profile and ameliorates lipid peroxidation. This single blind placebo controlled clinical study carried out on 41 patients with CKD who were randomized into two groups, control groups (n=20) those who received placebo cap and melatonin group those who received 5mg melatonin (n=21). Lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C)] and parameters of lipid peroxidation [oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured before and after 12 weeks of the treatment. After 12 weeks of treatment, melatonin significantly increased HDL-C and decreased LDL-C compared to the initial value. The elevation in HDL-C and reduction in LDL-C were significantly different from that in placebo group. Also both oxLDL and MDA levels significantly lowered by melatonin compared to the baseline and to the placebo group. Collectively, the results of our study showed that melatonin has advantageous effect on lipid profile and inhibit lipid peroxidation in patients with CKD.
Preparation And Characterization Of Nimesulide Nanoparticles For Dissolution Improvement
Authors: Abd-AlRazaq Inas F. , Rahi Firas A. , Al-lami Mohammed S.
Published: April 2022

Nimesulide is one of the types of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, widely used as analgesic and antipyretic. It is classified as class II drugs according to BCS guidance because of low solubility in water that leads to decrease in dissolution rate. So the objective of this study was to decrease particle size, increase solubility and dissolution rate of nimesulide by preparation of nimesulide nanoparticles using solvent/antisolvent precipitation method by addition of organic solution of drug onto the solution of stabilizer. The size of nimesulide nanoparticles were studied and considered by particle size analyzer, drug content and loading efficiency. The freeze dried nanoparticles were characterized by field emission electron microscope, X-Ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and saturated solubility measurement. Tablet was manufactured by direct compression. The tablets were evaluated for drug release to measure the effect of nanoparticles on the dissolution improvement of drug.
Synthesis, Characterization and Preliminary Pharmacological Evaluation of Triazolothiadiazoles Derived from some NSAIDs and Thiocarbohydrazide
Authors: Ahmed Manar Serhan , Essa Hayder Jafer , Khan Ayad Kareem
Published: April 2022

The synthesis of new NSAIDs with improved efﬁcacy and selectivity towards COX2, which encouraged by the various biological activities of 1,2,4-triazoles and 1,3,4-thiadiazoles. In this experiment, the production of 1,2,4-triazolothiadiazoles derivatives from Ibuprofen, Naproxen and Indomethacin. We have enhanced anti-inﬂammatory and analgesic activities by conventional method and microwave-assisted technique, and then compare the time consuming by reaction and yield percent of the product in both way, besides evaluation of anti-inflammatory action of the target compounds by pharmacological test with predictable selectivity towards COX-2 enzyme. Synthesis of the target compounds (P1a-3b, N1a-3b and I1a-3b) has been successfully accomplished by checking purity, characterization, also identification of the synthetic compounds which detected by estimation of physical properties, FT-IR and ¹H-NMR spectroscopy. In vivo potent anti-inflammatory activity of the ending compounds are evaluating in rats utilizing egg-white prompted edema model of inflammation. The experienced compounds (P1a-3b, N1a-3b and I1a-3b) and the reference drugs (Ibuprofen, Naproxen and Indomethacin) produced significant reduction in paw edema in compare to the effect of control group. Wholly tested compounds produced considerable decrease of paw edema in contrast to control group. However, compounds (P3b, N3b and I1b) have considerable more paw edema declining than Ibuprofen, Naproxen and Indomethacin. Intermediate and target compounds are synthesis by microwave method have better result by time and yield in compare with conventional way. The synthesized compounds (Pa1-3b and N1a-3b) may exhibit expected selectivity towards COX-2 enzyme properly due to their large size than its parent Ibuprofen, Naproxen
Relation Between Salivary (Immunoglobulin A , Flow Rate and PH ) level and Estrogen Receptor Expression Among Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Abd-Ali Al-Hashemi Esra Hassan , Abbas Maha Jamal , Al-Hadithi Haraa Khairi
Published: April 2022

Estrogen receptors (ERs) are a group of  proteins , either of  nuclear or membrane type , that activated by estrogen hormone which expressed in majority of breast cancer patients .  Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among the women and account about one third of the registered female malignancies. The relation between salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA), Salivary Flow Rate (SFR) and PH of saliva with sex hormone receptors expression yet not well understood where there was few researches that highlights the nature of relation . The reduction in the SIgA  and SFR often makes oral tissue more prone for infection. The objectives of this study is to determine the relation between the SIgA, SFR, PH, and sex hormone receptor expression in patients with breast cancer.

study of cross sectional design was conducted from Jan. to Nov. 2016, samples of 3-5 ml of saliva collected from forty five (45) female patients with breast cancer at Oncology Teaching Hospital . The  patients were categorized according to estrogen  receptor status  expression  depending on their medical records  (26 positive and 19 negative expression ). The sociodemographic characteristics  and gynecological history including the age ,Body Mass Index(BMI), menopause status also reported. The SIgA, measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay technique (ELISA) , the SFR calculated by dividing the total collected saliva volume in milliliter by  time in minute .The salivary PH measured by digital PH meter. Then  the measured variables compared according to expression of  estrogen receptor either positive or negative .The statistical analysis carried out by using independent student T- test  and pearson correlation test were used to confirmed significant( p ≤ 0.05 ) was considered significant The results showed that the level of  SIgA, SFR and salivary PH for group  of ER+ ve expression  were  significantly lower than that of ER –ve expression  where it was for ER+ve (136.8  , 155.7  and 5.8  ) while for ER-ve was  (304.5,  248.5 and  6.1) respectively.also,the results revealed that a positive correlation between SIgA and SFR ( r=0.7) while a negative correlation between the SIgA and PH (r = -0.3)  . We could conclude that the patients with breast cancer of  ER+ve expression had low level of SIgA also had reduction in SFR  which make them  more prone for oral infection
Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplement on Biochemical Markers and Blood Pressure Reading in Hypertensive patients as A secondary Prevention
Authors: Abdulaali Ameer Raad , Abdulridha Manal Khalid , Arif Inam Sameh , Al-Turfi Hameed Hussein
Published: April 2022

Hypertension is the most significant risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It has two classes according to causes of the high blood pressure (Primary and Secondary). This study was intended to evaluate the potential benefit of vitamin D3 supplementation as a secondary preventive therapy for hypertensive patients. It is a prospective randomized controlled study was carried out on 40 patients visiting the Imam Al-Hussein medical city / Karbala and conducted from Sep 2016 to May 2017. The patients were allocated into group1; include 20 hypertensive patients presented with vitamin D deficiency assigned to receive conventional therapy for hypertension with vitamin D3 (100000 IU) orally every 2 weeks for 8 weeks, and group 2; include 20 hypertensive patients presented with vitamin D deficiency assigned to receive anti hypertension therapy only. Ethical committee approval and written consent of patients were obtained. Results revealed that the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on both angiotensin II level and endogenous vitamin D levels were significantly clear regardless of age group, gender, BMI, duration of disease, and smoking status, except for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, TC, and LDL-c was affected particularly  by age group and the duration of disease.
In Vivo Study of the Anticancer Activity of Doxorubicin Loaded on a Cellulose-Based Nanocarrier System
Authors: Hammed Tiba Majid , Dawood Ashour Hamood , Arif Inaam Sameh , Saihood Yahya Dreaim
Published: April 2022

Many cancer treatment protocols regard doxorubicin as a one of the most effective anticancer agents available to treat different types of cancer. Its mechanisms of action include either intercalation with the DNA of the cancerous cells, production of reactive oxygen species ROS or it acts by inhibition of topoisomerase TOP IIα.

The international administration of doxorubicin is associated with a real problem which is cancer cells resistance, which is a worldwide problem that reduced its usage. Therefore, in this study doxorubicin was loaded on a cellulose-based nanocarrier system [Cellulose Nanowhiskers (CNWs)] as an attempt to increase its intracellular concentration and reduce its resistance. The effect of the loaded doxorubicin was evaluated by measuring the reduction in the size of the tumor masses those induced by intra peritoneal administration of adenocarcinoma cells (AM3) to a group of albino mice.

This study was performed in comparison with unloaded doxorubicin and it was found that the loaded doxorubicin produced a significant reduction in tumor size with suspended antitumor effect compared to the unloaded doxorubicin.
Determination of Macro and Microelements in Medicinal Plant Purslane (Portulaca Oleracea L.) By Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric (AAS) and Flame Photometric Techniques.
Authors: Abed Nehad kanaan , Musa Luma Amer , Saeed Amal Mohamed
Published: April 2022

This research was carried out to assess the mineral components of the selected vegetable Portulaca Oleracea which is commonly used as food; Ca, Mg, and Fe analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric (AAS) and Na, and K Flame photometric spectrophotometer. The results of macro-elements obtained having values of Ca (138.75, 140.4 ppm) for Iraqi and Lebanon origin respectively, Mg (214.53, 211.71 ppm) for Iraqi and Lebanon origin respectively, Fe is found to be (8.9, 7.03 ppm) for Iraqi and Lebanon origin respectively, Na (4, 38ppm) for Iraqi and Lebanon origin respectively, and K (18, 16 ppm) for Iraqi and Lebanon origin respectively; The indication results of this vegetable has the potential to provide essential nutrients to the human beings and it is found to be a good source of minerals particularly Ca, Mg, Fe, Na and K.
Effect of Lead Exposure on Some Biochemical Parameter of Battery Factory and Benzene Fuel Stations Workers
Authors: AL-Amier Faisal H.G.Q. , A Hind S. , M Salah M.
Published: April 2022

Lead pollution is an important environmental problem, despite consciousness of its harmful health effects in the world. This study was an attempt to find the effects on some possible biochemical parameters. The study has been conducted in Baghdad City from March 2017 to April 2018 divided in to two groups exposure 75 workers and non- exposure 10 control. Biochemical tests of liver and kidney Functions, showed clear lead effect on them. The average [ALK, GPT, and GOT] in battery factories workers were 75.52 ± 5.47, IU/L 33.54 ± 4.58, 42.64 ± 6.59 IU/L and fuel station workers 62.41 ± 3.70,27.15 ± 2.16,29.42 ± 1.48 IU/L compared with the control group respectively 45,10 ± 6,39, 17,95 ± 2,11 and 28,71 ± 2.65 IU /L the study showed significant increase in the mean liver enzyme of exposed workers, compare with control. The mean of serum urea and creatine level in battery factory workers, fuel station and control. Were 41.16 ± 2.21 mg/dl, 38.04 ± 1, 69 mg/dl and 20, 40 ± 0.54 mg/dl and 0.986 ± 0.06 mg/d, 0.941 ± 0.05 mg/dl , and 0.710 ± 0.06 mg/dl respectively there was significant increase in serum urea and creatinin of the workers compared with control.
Preparation and evaluation of famotidine nanosuspension
Authors: Malik Marwa M. , Maraie Nidhal K
Published: April 2022

Famotidine (FM) is a potent H2-receptor antagonist used for the treatment of peptic ulcer. It has a low and variable bioavailability which is attributed to its low water solubility. There are many methods used to increase dissolution rate of drug and in this study, the dissolution of the drug was enhanced by the preparation of nanosuspension. Famotidine nanosuspension was prepared by antisolvent precipitation method, where famotidine dissolved in methanol at room temperature and emptied into water containing different types of stabilizers (single and in combination). The optimum formula (F9) was selected according to particle size (362.8nm) and release profile (80 % of drug release within the 10 minutes) in comparison to pure famotidine powder release. The influence of formulation variables like the type and concentration of stabilizers Polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30, polyvinyl alcohol and poloxamer 188 (PVP K-30, PVA and poloxamer 188) in addition to combination of stabilizers on particle size of drug nanosuspensions were studied. The result showed that single stabilizer (poloxamer 188) has perfect surface affinity and could form a substantial mechanical and thermodynamic barrier at the interface of dug molecule. As the concentration of stabilizer increases the particle size decreases at fixed drug concentration (drug: stabilizer ratio 1:2).
Comparative Study between the Glycemic Control of Human Insulin and Insulin analogue In Sample of Iraqi Type 1 Diabetic Children and Adolescents
Authors: Hashim Noor Wafaa , Ali Kadhim Ali , Rahmah Abbas Mahdi
Published: April 2022

Insulin analogue introduced to offer insulin replacement therapy mimic to normal human physiology. The aim of this study is to compare between the glycemic control of insulin analogue and conventional human insulin in a sample of type 1 diabetic Iraqi children and adolescents. Forty type 1 diabetic Iraqi children and adolescents age between (6-18) years enrolled in this study and divided into two groups. Group 1 contains 20 patients switched from human insulin to insulin analogue. Group 2 contain 20 patients continued with conventional human insulin. The results showed that both therapies reduced fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c %) but insulin analogue treated group had highly significant reduction. Both therapies did not affect on blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. Human insulin reduced triglyceride (TG) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) significantly. The parameters measures at baseline and after three months of treatments. In conclusion insulin analogue is superior over conventional human insulin in reducing glycemic indices in a sample of type 1 diabetic Iraqi children and adolescents.
Preliminary Phytochemical and GC-MS analysis of chemical constituents of Iraqi Plantago lanceoleta L.
Authors: Khalaf Hasan Alaa Al-deen , Mahdi Monther Faisal , Abaas Ibrahim Salah
Published: April 2022

Plantago lanceoleta L. is one of medicinally important plant that officially registered in British pharmacopoeia. One of their well-known common name is ribwort, which is rich in many phytochemical compounds. The goal of this study is the qualitative evaluation of the Iraqi plant by identifying its chemical constituents. The plant was authenticated, collected, and immediately subjected to a stream of air under room temperature for rapid drying. Each part of the plant extracted separately with 50% ethanol and tested for presence of iridoid glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and saponins. While the other part of phytochemical screening of Iraqi P. lanceoleta L. in this work is the chromatographic fingerprint analysis of n-hexane extract of the plant leaves by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The result obtained show that Iraqi P. lanceoleta L. is rich in iridoid glycosides and tannins in each part of the plant, while the chromatogram of GC-MS show that the Iraqi plant contains high amount of hydrocarbons, fatty acids, steroids, terpenoids and other constituents.
Association of GSTP1 Ile-105-Val Gene Polymorphism with Response to Treatment Among Iraqi Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia Patients
Authors: Alaqidi Atyab Abdul Hameed , Alwash Maysem Mouayad
Published: April 2022

Background: Pharmacogenomics is a relatively new study field that synergize pharmacology with genomics, analyzing the correlation between genetic variation and pharmacokinetics among patients. In the current study, we evaluated the potential effect of functional polymorphisms within gene encoding for Glutathione S transferase pi class (GSTPs) and treatment response among chronic myeloid leukaemia) CML) patients. GSTPs are multifunctional phase II biotransformation enzymes. Their main biologic role is to catalyze the conjugation to endogenous glutathione (GSH). In addition, they can alter drug potency in malignant cells. Polymorphic variants of these enzymes have been implicated in inter-patients' variability in drug response and outcome in CML patients.

Aim of study: Evaluating the association between GSTP1 Ile-105-Val gene polymorphism and response to treatment among Iraqi CML patients.

 Method: A ‘PCR-RFLP’ assay was implemented to detect the polymorphic variants of codon 105 GSTP1 gene of forty Iraqi CML patients in chronic phase referring to the National Center of Haematology in the period between November 2017 and July 2018.

Results: Our result revealed a statistically significant association between the GSTP1 genotypes and response to treatment. The variant genotypes were associated with inferior log reduction in BCR-ABL1 mRNA and poorer responses comparing to the wild genotype with P-value of 0.006, and 0.034 respectively.
The Effect of Vitamin D3 and Co-enzyme Q10 Supplementation on Metabolic Biomarkers in Women with Clomiphene Citrate Resistant Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Yahya Ansam Abdulameer , Abdulridha Manal Khalid , Al-Rubuyae Bushra Jassim
Published: April 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age, the pathogenesis of PCOS imitated to be as a vicious cycle involving both hyperandrogenaemia and insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is common among women with PCOS (approximately 67%–85% women with PCOS have VDD). Vitamin D3 and CoQ10 could affect glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity and improve metabolic abnormalities in PCOS. The study was designed to evaluate the effect of combining oral vitamin D3 tablet or CoQ10 capsule with clomiphene citrate on metabolic biomarkers in women with clomiphene citrate resistance PCOS patients. A prospective interventional randomized-controlled, open-label study include 41 PCOS patients aged range (18-34)years who are clomiphene citrate resistant divided into two groups, group 1 (n=24)  whose endogenous vitamin D status less than 20ng/ml receive clomiphene citrate 100mg daily(for 5 days monthly induction) plus vitamin  D 10000IU daily (2 months) and group 2 (n=17) whose endogenous vitamin D status equal or more than 20ng/ml receive clomiphene citrate 100mg daily(for 5 days monthly induction) plus CoQ10 200mg daily (2 months). Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and 2 months after intervention to measure metabolic biomarkers [fasting serum insulin (FSI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI)]. After 2 months both interventions result in non-significant change in FSI and FBG while HOMA-IR and QUICKI decreased by both interventions, but the decrease is significant only with CoQ10 supplementations. In conclusion, Vitamin D and CoQ10 supplementation result in improvement in HOMA-IR and QUICKI but the improvement was more obvious in CoQ10 group.
Histopathological study of the effect of sunitinib in treatment of retinal angiogenesis induced by VEGF 165 in rabbits’eyes
Authors: Salah Aldeen Shahad , Alabbassi Mustafa Ghazi
Published: April 2022

Eye is one of the important sensory structures in the body which responsible for vision through its anterior and posterior chambers. Retinal angiogenesis is the development of new, abnormal blood vessels in the retina that considered the pathological feature of different ocular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, the major cause of vision loss in the world. The diseases were diagnosed by different methods and the treatment includes anti-angiogenic drugs and surgical therapy. This study was designed by dividing twenty-four rabbits in to four groups each with six rabbits; control (PBS-administered) group, angiogenic (VEGF-administered) group, ranibizumab-treated group, sunitinib-treated group. The result showed that there is absence of angiogenesis in sunitinib-treated group, which were similar to ranibizumab-treated group when compared with angiogenic group. The result explains the anti-angiogenic activity of sunitinib due to its blocking effect on VEGFRs.one can conclude from this study that sunitinib can be used in treatment of retinal angiogenic diseases in future.