bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of the doctrine of food security in Russia: assessment and prospects
Authors: Tikhomirova Vera A.
Published: December 2020

The increasing politicization of international food trade, as well as the stagnation of the world economy due to the coronavirus epidemic, once again confirmed the relevance of Russia's self-sufficiency in food. The implementation of the Food Security Doctrine has made it possible to overcome the systemic problems of domestic agriculture and increase the sustainable production of basic crop products and aquatic biological resources. However, the situation in livestock farming is not so optimistic: stagnation in resource-intensive cattle production and dairy farming is accompanied by success in import substitution of poultry and pork meat. The revision of the doctrine in January 2020 shifted the focus from self-reliance on agricultural commodities to the production of a wide range of competitive high value-added foods. The article analyzes the dynamics of self-sufficiency in food in Russia, examines the current state of affairs in the main sectors of domestic agricultural production and the fishery complex, and offers promising areas of development.
Structural features of life insurance markets in Russia and the West
Authors: Dmitriev Alexey S.
Published: December 2020

The relevance of this research is due to the need to develop the financial sector of the domestic economy, which has become obvious in the context of the global economic crisis. This paper examines the structural features of life insurance markets in Russia and the West. The purpose of the study is to assess the state of the competitive environment in the markets under consideration and draw conclusions about the barriers to entry for new companies. The methodology of the work includes structural, statistical, system, logical, and other types of analysis, as well as the synthesis of the results obtained. Using the example of the Russian and Western life insurance markets, the role of geographical segments in shaping the overall market environment is evaluated. Based on the results of the research, the necessity of partial transplantation of the Western model of market environment formation based on monopolistic competition of market participants is justified.
Crespo: un nuevo complejo arqueológico del Norte de Colombia
Authors: Dussán de Reichel Alicia
Published: December 2020

En el mes de octubre de 1953, el señor Manuel Arellano, entonces encargado del mantenimiento del campo de aterrizaje del aéropuerto de Crespo (Cartagena), nos llamó la atención acerca de la existencia de un yacimiento arqueológico que se había encontrado en las cercanías de la pista al efectuar unas excavaciones con el fin de obtener materiales de construcción. En el mismo mes efectuamos un reconocimiento preliminar, obteniendo una colección de los objetos hallados superficialmente; en febrero de 1954, efectué en compañía de mi esposo un corte estratigráfico en dichos terrenos de Crespo.

En la siguiente comunicación describiré estas investigaciones y sus resultados, aunque hay que tener en cuenta que solo se trata de un esbozo preliminar, ya que se basa en la excavación de un solo corte.
El aspecto económico-social del cultivo de café en Antioquia
Authors: Guhl Ernesto
Published: December 2020

El siguiente artículo analiza el cultivo del café en el Departamento de Antioquia bajo el aspecto económico, y su influencia en la vida de los campesinos caficultores. Se destaca la importancia de esta rama económica como auténticamente nacional, por ser practicada en su inmensa mayoría por pequeños propietarios, abarcando éstos un gran sector de la población rural, que no obstante sus limitados recursos y posibilidades de desarrollo económico, se caracteriza por una mejor situación material que el resto de la población rural.
Statistical Characteristics of Wave Breakings and their Relation with the Wind Waves’ Energy Dissipation Based on the Field Measurements
Authors: Korinenko A. E. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Sevastopol, Russia, Malinovsky V. V. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia, Kudryavtsev V. N. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia,   Russian State Hydrometeorological University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation, Dulov V. A. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia
Published: December 2020

Purpose. The work is aimed at studying geometric similarity of wind wave breakings in natural conditions, estimating the Duncan constant which connects the wave energy dissipation conditioned by wave breakings, with distribution of the lengths of a breaking wave fronts Λ(с). Methods and Results. The field measurements of the wave breaking characteristics were carried out at the stationary oceanographic platform located in the Golubaya Bay near the Katsiveli village. Geometric dimensions of the wave breakings’ active phase, velocities and directions of their movement were determined from the video records of the sea surface; simultaneously, the meteorological information was recorded and the surface waves’ characteristics were measured. Altogether 55 video recordings (duration 40–50 mins) of the sea surface were obtained. The measurements were carried out in a wide range of meteorological conditions and wave parameters (wind speed varied from 9.2 to 21.4 m/s). Conclusions. It is found that the probability densities of the ratio between the maximum length of a breaking and the length of a breaking wave, obtained in various wind and wave conditions are similar. The average value of this ratio is 0.1. Distributions of the wave breakings’ total length are constructed in the movement velocity intervals on a surface unit. It is shown that the experimental estimates of dependence of these distributions upon the wind speed and the wave breaking movement velocity are consistent with the theoretical predictions of O.M. Phillips (1985); at that no dependence on the waves’ age was found. Quantitative characteristics of the relation between the wave lengths’ distribution and the energy dissipation are obtained. The Duncan constant was estimated; it turned out to be equal to 1.8·10-3 and independent upon the waves’ and atmosphere parameters.
Research of the Aerosol Optical and Microphysical Characteristics of the Atmosphere over the Black Sea Region by the FIRMS System during the Forest Fires in 2018–2019
Authors: Kalinskaya D. V. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Sevastopol, Russia, Papkova A. S. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia, Kabanov D. M. ,   Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

Purpose. The Black Sea region where the forest fires were recorded by the FIRMS system, as well as the atmosphere above it, namely the fire-induced variation of the atmospheric aerosol basic optical characteristics, were the main objects of the investigation. The study is aimed at examining the fires in the Black Sea region in 2018–2019 for assessing correlation between these events and variability of the basic optical characteristics over the Black Sea. Methods and Results. Based on the FIRMS system data, variations of intensity of the fire-induced radiation were studied. The results of statistical processing of the MODIS and VIIRS satellite data on the fires in 2018–2019 were represented. For the dates when the fire numbers were the highest in the Black Sea region, the basic optical and microphysical characteristics of the atmospheric aerosol were analyzed due to the SPM and AERONET data. The dates when the fire intensity was particularly high (based on the MODIS and VIIRS data) were analyzed and compared with the dates when the anomalous values of the atmospheric aerosol optical characteristics were recorded over the region under study. Conclusions. For the fire events in the Black Sea region revealed due to the MODIS and VIIRS data, complex analysis of the air mass transfer was performed by the model HYSPLIT, and the aerosol was typed by the CALIPSO algorithm. On June 22, 2019 the most intense fires were recorded. According to the aerosol typing by the CALIPSO algorithm, on this day the predominant aerosol types were the contaminated dust and smoke. Using the MODIS and VIIRS data, investigation of possible source of the aerosol transfer on this date showed that the area of intense inflammationn and smoke was located to the northeast from the Black Sea region. Since the satellite-derived data on this day showed no dust transfer either from the Sahara or the Syria deserts, it is possible to conclude that increase of the values of aerosol optical depth АОD (500) was conditioned by transfer of the aerosol resulted from biomass burning from the north to the Black Sea region.
Assessment of Current Influence on the Wind Wave Parameters in the Black Sea based on Numerical Modeling
Authors: Rybalko А. D. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, Myslenkov S. A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of RAS, Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2020

Currents affect wind waves parameters. The issue of significance of this influence for the Black Sea has not been studied properly. The purpose of this paper is to study the scale, spatial and temporal variability of influence of sea currents on the wave height in the Black Sea. The research was carried out based on simulation using SWAN wave model and an irregular computational grid. Two datasets were used as input data: the NCEP/CFSv2 wind reanalysis and current data taken from the Remote Sensing Department's archive of the Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS. It is shown that the average wave height mainly decreases when sea current is considered. These changes are insignificant relative to the average values of wave heights. The greatest negative changes are typical of the western and northeast parts of the Black Sea. Here, the consideration of circulation reduces the average annual wave heights by up to 0.1 m. A slight increase in the average wave height is typical of the southern and southeast parts of the sea as well as the northwest shelf. The positive contribution to the mean annual wave heights is up to 0.02 m. When taken into account, currents change wave parameters at a maximum in winter months and at a minimum in late spring and summer. Currents change the mean monthly wave heights by –0.04…0.06 m in January and February in most parts of the sea. The contribution of currents is close to zero in June and July. The maximum changes in wave height reach 6–10 % of the monthly average.
Natural Conditions of the Dniester River in its Lower Current
Authors: Shuisky Yu. D. ,   Odessa I. I. Mechnikov National University, Odessa, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

One of the largest rivers in Europe is the navigable Dniester. Today, it is extremely insufficiently used in the water transport system of Ukraine. In addition, it is the main river on the territory of Moldova and can be actively used for transport needs. The purpose of the study is an analytical characteristic of the navigation value of the Dniester. The main content of the analysis was reduced to graphic constructions: the location and planned location of courses, plotting optimal depths on the plan, drawing up morphometric profiles of river courses, etc. A navigation map of the Dniester estuary was built with a standard grid of depths, which were brought to the normal water level. The article also uses data on the natural conditions of the Dniester River based on research data obtained in the 1970s. The comparison of straight and curvilinear courses is carried out, the navigational importance of the Dniester estuary is studied. Recommendations for supporting favorable navigation conditions in the Dniester and in the estuary are determined. It is shown that within the lower course of the Dniester the greatest depths are found in straightened (7.4 m versus 5.8 m) parts. Minimum depths of 2–3 m are generally close to the banks, and maximum depths of 10–12 m are found in the middle parts of the course where they generally coincide with the midstream. Such depths facilitate movement of small and medium-sized river vessels. Recommendations for the updated navigation options for the state of the Dniester River and Dniester estuary are given. It is concluded that in case of resumption of navigation in the Dniester and Dniester estuary Ukraine will receive significant economic benefits.
Efficient optimal families of higher-order iterative methods with local convergence
Authors: Behl Ramandeep , Gutiérrez J.M. , Argyros I.K. , Alshomrani A.S.
Published: December 2020

The main aim of this manuscript is to propose two new schemes having three and four substeps of order eight and sixteen, respectively. Both families are optimal in the sense to Kung-Traub conjecture. The derivation of them are based on the weight function approach. In addition, theoretical and computational properties are fully investigated along with two main theorems describing the order of convergence. Further, we also provide the local convergence of them in Banach space setting under weak conditions. From the numerical experiments, we find that they perform better than the existing ones when we checked the performance of them on a concrete variety of non-linear scalar equations. Finally, we analyze the complex dynamical behavior of them which also provide a great extent to this.
On some new sequence spaces of order α defined by infinite matrix
Authors: Savas Ekrem
Published: December 2020

The goal of this paper is to study some new sequence spaces of order ? that
are defined using modulus function and infinite matrix A.
Approximation properties of Jain-Appell operators
Authors: Özarslan Mehmet
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we introduce the Jain-Appell operators by applying Gamma transform to the Jakimovski-Leviatan operators. In their special cases they include not only the Jain-Pethe operators, but also new families of operators, where we call them Appell-Baskakov and Appell-Lupa? operators, since their special cases contain Baskakov and Lupa? operators, respectively. We investigate their weighted approximation properties and compute the error of approximation by using certain Lipschitz class functions. Furthermore, we obtain their A-statistical approximation property.
Real Investment on Ground Water in Cauvery Basin Areas of Karnataka- An Economic Analysis
Authors:   Agricultural Economics, College of Horticulture, Hiriyur, Karnataka (577 598), India, S. Raveesha , Chandrakanth M. G. ,   Institute for Social and Economic Change (ISEC) Nagarabhavi, Bengaluru, Karnataka (560 072), India, Rudrapur Shreeshail ,   Agricultural Economics, College of Horticulture, Mudigere, Karnataka (577 132), India, Kusagur Nagaraj ,   Dept. of Horticulture ZAHRS, Mudigere, Chikkamangalore, UAHS, Shivamogga (577 204), India, N. Ashoka ,   Dept. of Agricultural Economics, COH, Munirabad UHS, Bhagalkot, Karnataka (583 233), India
Published: December 2020

In this study, irrigation wells located under canal command (GWCI) (Gadabanaalli), the irrigation wells located under tank command (GWTI) (Echanur), receiving the Hemavathy river water, with a water spread of 363 acres and another village Kibbanahalli where groundwater wells are located independently (called groundwater under sole irrigation GWSI), which depend only on rainfall source have been considered. Only farmers possessing irrigation wells in each of the three scenarios were chosen. A random sample of 35 farmers was drawn from each of the three scenarios, thus, totaling 105 for the purpose of this study. It was observed that the real investment was falling over the years with a range of Rs. 3137 to Rs. 6255 even though the nominal investment ranged between Rs. 19100 and Rs. 66600 for farmers in GWTI. Real investment on irrigation wells shows a declining trend in all the three situations. Thus, the real cost of groundwater is falling over time not exhibiting ricardian scarcity. In GCTI farmers, the real investment for working well was falling over the years with a range of Rs. 1815 to Rs. 6225 even though the nominal investment ranged between Rs. 20600 and Rs. 73987, the mean real investment per well was Rs. 5103, and the mean nominal investment per well was Rs. 40352. Considering the nominal cost of extraction of groundwater, it was clear that there was an increasing trend due to inflation and associated factors. However, the real cost of extraction was found to be consistent over the years.
Appraising Forest-Based Livelihoods through Assessment of Major NTFPs: A Case Study from Jharkhand, India
Authors:   Ecology and Biodiversity Services (EBS), Indraprasth-1, Ring Road Dehradun, Uttarakhand (248 014), India, Prasad Sunil , Chauhan Dhanpal Singh ,   HNB Garhwal University, Srinagarh Garhal Uttarakhand (249 161), India
Published: December 2020

The state Jharkhand is one of the Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) rich states of the country because of diverse physiographic and climatic conditions. It is known for its mineral wealth, tribal population and forests. NTFPs play an important role in supporting rural livelihoods and food security in tribal Jharkhand. The present study was carried out in three distinct villages of Jharkhand to explore the range of livelihood contributions of NTFPs. The study was based on empirical fieldwork using both quantitative and qualitative data. A structured interview schedule was managed for the respondents. Comparing income sources, we found that most of the households collect NTFPs and earn a handsome amount of income from NTFPs ranges from 33% to 59%. We also prioritized potential NTFPs along with their basic value chain.
An Empirical Assessment of Participation and Decision Making by Rural Women in Agriculture and Livestock Activities
Authors:   Dept. of Business Management, College of Horticulture, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni,  Solan, H.P. (173 230), India, Chaudhary Rashmi , Janjhua Yasmin ,   Dept. of Business Management, College of Horticulture, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni,  Solan, H.P. (173 230), India, - Avineet ,   Dept. of Business Management, College of Horticulture, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni,  Solan, H.P. (173 230), India, Kumar Krishan ,   Dept. of Business Management, College of Horticulture, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni,  Solan, H.P. (173 230), India
Published: December 2020

Women make essential contributions to agriculture and rural economic activities in all developing countries. Even though women contribute 60 to 80% of the labour in agriculture and animal husbandry, their involvement in selection of suitable crops and adoption of innovative and good management practices is very low. The study reported that sampled women respondents have shown participation in all the selected agriculture and livestock activities excluding marketing and financial management. The study put forth that very less households witness female participation in agriculture and livestock activities related decision making. Some of the important reasons for their subdued role in decision making in agricultural production could be lack of awareness about new opportunities and modern technologies, inadequate facilities for training and capacity building and poor access to extension workers for consultation whenever needed.
Effect of Planting Dates on the Performance of Promising Pigeonpea Genotypes under NEHZ
Authors:   Scientist Agronomy, All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Pigeonpea, School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development (SASRD), Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus (797 106), India, Kithan Lowrence , Sharma Malini B. ,   All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Pigeonpea, School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development (SASRD), Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus (797 106), India, Longchar Akumla ,   All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Pigeonpea, School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development (SASRD), Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus (797 106), India
Published: December 2020

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif season of 2017 at All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on pigeonpea experimental farm at School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development (SASRD), Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of different dates on performance of some improved pigeonpea varieties. The experiment comprised of three planting dates (1st June, 15th June and 1st July) as factor A and three pigeonpea varieties (UPAS 120, MANAK and PARAS) as factor B. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications. Among growth parameters, maximum plant height (163.2 cm) and number of branches (15.8) were recorded with variety UPAS 120 at first date of sowing (1st June). Among yield parameters, maximum number of pods per plant (114.9) and maximum grain yield (982.2 Kg ha-1) were recorded at first date of sowing (1st June) and with variety UPAS 120 (113.8 and 968.8 Kg ha-1).
Survey of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Cotton in Nuh and Palwal Districts of Haryana
Authors:   Dept. of Nematology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana (125 004), India, Kumar Vinod , Banakar Prakash ,   Dept. of Nematology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana (125 004), India, Kumar Anil ,   Dept. of Nematology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana (125 004), India, Duggal Priyanka ,   Dept. of Nematology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana (125 004), India
Published: December 2020

An extensive survey was conducted to assess the frequency and abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Haryana (Nuh and Palwal districts) during 2018-20. Based on incidence, population density and associated damage on affected crops, root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) was considered to be the most important parasite of the crops under local condition. During 2018-19, a total of 11 soil and root samples of cotton were collected from Nuh and Palwal districts. Out of these, eight were found infected with M. incognita with 72.0% frequency of occurrence. The results revealed that out of 7 samples (Nuh), five were found infested with M. incognita with 71.4% frequency of occurrence. In Palwal district, this nematode had 75.0% frequency of occurrence with density range of 60-300 j2 200-1 cc soil. During 2019-20, a total of 27 soil and root samples of cotton were collected from Nuh and Palwal districts. Out of these, 14 were found infected with M. incognita with 51.8% frequency of occurrence. The results revealed that out of 21 samples (Nuh), 12 were found infested with M. incognita with 57.1% frequency of occurrence and density range of 95-690 j2 200-1 cc soil. In Palwal district, this nematode had 33.3% frequency of occurrence (2 out of 6 samples) with density range of 135-435 j2 200-1 cc soil. Other plant parasitic nematodes which were found associated with the cotton belonged to Rotylenchulus reniformis, Hoplolaimus sp., Helicotylenchus sp. and Tylenchorhynchus sp.
A Review on Terminalia chebula Retz. (Harar)- An Important Multipurpose Tree
Authors:   College of Forestry, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, H.P. (173 230), India, Singh Samanpreet , Bhatia Avinash Kumar ,   College of Horticulture and Forestry, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur, H.P. (177 001), India, Sharma Kamal ,   College of Horticulture and Forestry, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur, H.P. (177 001), India, Sharma Dushyant ,   College of Horticulture and Forestry, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur, H.P. (177 001), India
Published: December 2020

Terminalia chebula Retz. commonly known as ‘Harar’ belongs to the family Combretaceae. It is found in deciduous forests throughout the greater part of India, China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Bangladesh, etc. In India, it is distributed throughout the greater part except in arid zones. The fruits are common constituent of ‘Triphala’, capable of imparting youthful vitality and receptivity of mind and sense and are extensively used for clinical research, tanning and furniture purposes and also contain 1.73% nitrogen and 2.75% Calcium. The demand for its fruit has increased tremendously, because of its medicinal value; its fruits are sold at a price of ` 10-60 kg-1. However, the poor germination capacity, lack of natural regeneration and knowledge regarding its propagation are the limiting factors for its adoption in agroforestry systems. There is need of more productive planting stock with lower juvenile period and comparatively large fruit size.
Development and Performance Evaluation of Lime Harvesting Device
Authors:   Dept. of Farm Engineering, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat (362 001), India, Vagadia V. R. , Mashru H. H. ,   Soil and Water Engineering Department, 2Dept. of Renewable Energy Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat (362 001), India, Rank H. D. ,   Soil and Water Engineering Department, 2Dept. of Renewable Energy Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat (362 001), India, Prajapati G. V. ,   Research, Testing and Training Centre, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat (362 001), India, Satasiya R. M. ,   Soil and Water Engineering Department, 2Dept. of Renewable Energy Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat (362 001), India, Subbaiah R. ,   College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Anand Agricultural University, Godhra, Gujarat (389 001), India
Published: December 2020

Efforts were made to develop a hand tool for harvesting of lime fruits. Initially, survey was done to collect the data regarding traditional kagzilime fruit harvesting device adopted by the farmers. The problems faced with the traditional tool for lime fruit harvesting are alleviated in the JAU–Lime harvester by providing catching unit, fruit collecting mouth and conveyance pipe which reduces losses in terms of immature lime fall out and spoilage. It was compared with the traditional one in terms of number of fruits harvested per unit time, spoilage and immature fruit losses during harvesting. The average fruit harvesting capacity was recorded as 6.85 kg hr-1 and 7.83 kg hr-1 for JAU–Lime harvester and traditional harvester, respectively. The collected fruits were kept in same environment for 11 days to find the number of fruits spoiled. It was observed that up to 8th day after harvesting, no spoilage was recorded in the lime harvested by JAU-Lime harvester. It was also recorded that after 11 days nearly 36.67% of limes were spoiled from the lots which were harvested by the traditional harvester. Average fruit spoilage was observed to be 15.45 and 2.12% in traditional harvester and JAU–Lime harvester, respectively. It was also observed that due to pulling effect, an average 3.84% immature fruits fall on the ground surface, while harvesting by traditional harvester compared to 1.37% in case of JAU–Lime harvester. 1
Economic Analysis of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Under Seed Priming and Pelleting in Combination with Different Crop Geometry
Authors:   Dept. of Seed Science and Technology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh (173 230), India, Sharma Pramod , Thakur Ashok Kumar ,   Regional Horticultural Research and Training Station, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh (173 230), India, Kumar Sanjeev ,   School of Agriculture, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh (173 229), India
Published: December 2020

The present study was conducted at experimental farm of Department of Seed Science and Technology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.) during the years 2017-18 and 2018-19 under priming and pelleting in combination with different crop geometry to improve carrot production for maximizing economic returns. The economics of carrot under different treatment combinations was worked out to find the most economical treatment combination. It was concluded that the treatment combination seed primed for 4 days in PEG 6000 solution having osmotic potential of -1.2 MPa and pelleted with Melia azedarach leaf powder sown at paired row 30 +15 x 10 cm (T1G2) was more profitable as compare to other treatment combinations as net returns as well as BC ratio (2.31) was higher under this combination as compare to other treatment combinations.
Impact of High Temperature Stress in Rice
Authors:   Agricultural Research Station, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Tornala, Siddipet,  Telengana, (502 114), India, Umarani E. , Hemalatha V. ,   College of Agriculture, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad,  Telengana (500 030), India, Saritha A. ,   Agricultural Research Station, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Tornala, Siddipet,  Telengana, (502 114), India, Ramanjaneyulu A. V. ,   Agricultural Research Station, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Tornala, Siddipet,  Telengana, (502 114), India
Published: December 2020

Global warming has become a big concern in the world and it has been continuously increasing in recent decades due to the greenhouse effect. The increase in temperature has been striking and it can cause irreversible damage to plant growth and development. Though rice originates from the tropics, high temperatures of more than 35 °C during the reproductive stages reduces rice production, especially when the rice plant flowers when the high temperature occurs because it causes low seed setting and low yield. It was found that rice grain yield declined by 10% for each 1 °C increase in growing-season minimum temperature. Early-morning flowering is an important criteria in rice which escapes plant from high temperatures during peak period. It was found that Oryza glaberrima, a wild species of rice, is a useful genetic source since it has a habit of early-morning flowering and high transpiration with sufficient water, both of which are convenient traits for avoiding heat stress.
Efficacy of Fungicides Against Grain Discoloration Disease of Rice
Authors:   Rice Research Centre, SWMRU, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari (396 450), India, Patil V. A. , Patel P. B. ,   Rice Research Centre, SWMRU, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari (396 450), India, Ghoghari P. D. ,   Rice Research Centre, SWMRU, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari (396 450), India, Kavad N. K. ,   Rice Research Centre, SWMRU, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari (396 450), India, Usadadia V. P. ,   Soil Water Management Research Unit, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari (396 450), India
Published: December 2020

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the important cereal crop grown extensively in Gujarat. It suffers from grain discoloration fungal disease causing heavy losses at maturity stage of rice. A field experiment was laid out with the single and new combinations fungicides against rice grain discoloration disease under field conditions during kharif-2013-14, 2014-15 and 2015-16. Six fungicides at various concentrations were screened against rice grain discoloration disease. The trifloxystrobin 25% + tebuconazole 50% (0.03 %) @ 0.4 g l-1 and propiconazole 25 EC (0.025 %) @ 1.0 ml l-1 was found effective against rice grain discoloration and recorded significantly higher healthy grains.
Effect of Next Generation Fertilizers on Growth and Yield Potential of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors:   Project Implementation Unit, National Agricultural Technology Program Phase II Project, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Farmgate, Dhaka (12 15), Bangladesh, Faroque M. A. A. , Paul Alok Kumar ,   Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka (12 07), Bangladesh, - Asaduzzaman ,   Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka (12 07), Bangladesh, Bissus Parimal ,   Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka (12 07), Bangladesh, Islam M. S. ,   Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur (17 01), Bangladesh
Published: December 2020

To reduce the existing yield gap of maize crop between research and farmer’s field, the experiment was carried out during the period from March, 2014 to June, 2014 at the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The experiments were laid out in RCBD method with three replications and eight treatments including control viz. Treatment0 = control (no fertilizer), Treatment1=recommended dose N250 P50 K100 S25 Zn2 B1 kg ha-1, Treatment 2=American NPK+N250 P50 K100 S25 Zn2 B1, Treatment3=Bio-forge+N250 P50 K100 S25 Zn2 B1 , Treatment4=Wuxal+N250 P50 K100 S25 Zn2 B1, Treatment5=Peak+N250P50K100S25Zn2B1, Treatment6=Root Feed+N250 P50 K100 S25 Zn2 B1 and Treatment7=Nitro Plus+N250 P50 K100 S25 Zn2 B1 and three maize varieties namely Variety1=BARI Hybrid Bhutta-5, Variety2=BARI Hybrid Bhutta-6 and Variety3=BARI Hybrid Bhutta-9. Growth and yield contributing characters mainly plant height, cob length, cob weight, 100-kernel weight and kernel yield of maize crop were significantly influenced by the next generation fertilizers. Bio-forge along with other recommended fertilizers performed the best compared to other treatments of the study in aspect of kernel yield (5.95 t ha1) and statistically similar result showed by Root Feed along with other recommended fertilizers and produced 5.12 t ha1 kernel yield.
Women Empowerment in Agriculture and its Dimensions: A Conceptual Review
Authors:   Department of Business Management, College of Horticulture, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh (173 230), India, Sharma Deepika , Chaudhary Rashmi ,   Department of Business Management, College of Horticulture, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh (173 230), India, Kumar Krishan ,   Department of Business Management, College of Horticulture, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh (173 230), India
Published: December 2020

Women empowerment is a broader term which has been described in a variety of ways. It is a global issue, which has been accelerated in recent decades. The term women empowerment has also received much attention from researchers, government and other stakeholders. It is now widely accepted that gender equality and women empowerment are essential component for achieving development results. The present article is an attempt to develop conceptual clarity of the term women empowerment and its dimensions in agriculture. As per the existing literature it has been reviewed that women empowerment is a complex and multidimensional concept. Different dimensions of women empowerment resulting from various definitions are: input in productive decisions and autonomy in production, ownership of assets and access to and decisions on credit, control over use of income, workload and time allocation and education. It has also been analysed that access to these dimensions and women empowerment might lead toward sustainable development in terms of improved livelihood resulting in reducing food insecurity.
Training Evaluation Models for Farmer Training Programmes
Authors:   Dept. of Business Management, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni,  Solan, H.P. (173 230), India, Masta Karan , Janjhua Yasmin ,   Dept. of Business Management, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni,  Solan, H.P. (173 230), India,   Dept. of Business Management, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni,  Solan, H.P. (173 230), India
Published: December 2020

Training has been an effective means to attain knowledge, skill and abilities adding to human efficiency and effectiveness. Ensuring effective training means knowing whether investment of time, energy and resources are being spent effectively or not. Active play of diverse resources makes it imperative to evaluate the effectiveness of the training. The paper attempts to explain the important models of training evaluation which can be adopted by practitioners for evaluating farmer trainings. These approaches can be used as a base to assess farmer training interventions and also help to revise and design an intervention which is effective and free from impediments.
Influence of Plant Growth Regulators on shoot and root length of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench of Himalayan Region
Authors:   Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Jamwal Komal ,   Near Head P.O., The Mall Solan, H.P. (173 212), India, Bhattacharya Sujata ,   Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences; Near Head P.O., The Mall Solan, H.P. (173 212), India, Puri Sunil ,   Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences; Near Head P.O., The Mall Solan, H.P. (173 212), India, Sharma Dushyant ,   Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri,  Distt. Hamirpur, H.P. (177 001), India
Published: December 2020

Present investigation was made to evaluate effect of PGRs on shoot and root length of Fagopyrum esculentum. Results revealed that there was increase in shoot length by GA at 100 mg l-1 and root length by IAA at 50 mg l-1 at 30, 60 and 90 days of plant growth. ABA at 25 mg l-1 and 100 mg l-1 decreased shoot length as well root length. BAP at 100 mg l-1 also decreased root length. In combinations, IAA+GA 100 mg l-1 treatment enhanced shoot length as well as root length. Decrease in shoot length was observed in IAA+ABA, ABA+BAP (50 and 100 mg l-1) and root length by ABA+BAP (100 mg l-1) treatment.
Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Analysis Studies in Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]
Authors:   Dept. of Vegetable Science, Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya,  Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal (741 252), India, Das Santonu , Karak C. ,   Dept. of Vegetable Science, Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya,  Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal (741 252), India, Roy S. ,   Dept. of Vegetable Science, Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya,  Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal (741 252), India
Published: December 2020

The present investigation was carried out at Kalyani Simanta District Seed Farm, Kalyani, Nadia under BCKV during Pre-kharif season of 2018-19. Ten genotypes of cowpea were grown in randomized block design with three replications. The genotypes were studied for twelve characters viz, plant height at maturity, number of flower inflorescence-1, number of primary branches plant-1, leaf area, number of pods plant-1, pod weight, number of grains pod-1, pod length, biological yield plant-1, area of primary leaf, hundred grain weight and grain yield plant-1. The experimental studies revealed substantial amount of genetic variability among the genotypes under study. In general, phenotypic coefficients of variation were higher in magnitude than genotypic coefficient of variation. The characters pod yield plant-1 and plant height at maturity showed comparatively higher estimates of genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation indicating high level of variability and ample scope for effective improvement. The higher estimates of heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percentage of mean indicated additive gene action for the above characters. Correlation studies revealed strong positive association of pod yield plant-1, hundred grain weight with grain yield plant-1. The path analysis studies indicated that the characters number of pods plant-1 and days to first pod maturity bearing direct positive effect on grain yield, could be the selection criteria for genetic improvement of grain yield plant-1 in cowpea population under study. Thus, the genotypes PL-3, PL-5, Mousumi Laffa are observed as desirable among the population for future use in breeding programme, as these genotypes had good performance for the important quantitative traits.
Efficacy of Fungicidal Seed Treatments on Seed Borne Diseases of Green Gram
Authors:   Navsari Agricultural University, College of Agriculture, Waghai, Gujarat (394 730), India, Deshmukh A. J. , Sabalpara A. N. ,   Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat (396 450), India, Bambharolia R. P. ,   Navsari Agricultural University, College of Agriculture, Waghai, Gujarat (394 730), India
Published: December 2020

The experiment was conducted to perceive the effect of fungicidal seed treatment on seed borne diseases of green gram on susceptible cv. GM-3 with nine different fungicides. Results revealed that dry seed treatment with either mix formulation of carbendazim + mancozeb or thiophanate methyl or carbendazim @ 2.5 g kg-1 seeds is very effective in field to control Macrophomina leaf blight, Alternaria leaf spot and Anthracnose diseases. Two years pooled data indicated that PDI of Macrophomina leaf bilght was significantly lower in dry seed treatment with carbendazim + mancozeb (0.99%, 12.90%) which was statistically at par with thiophanate methyl (1.54%, 13.80%) followed by carbendazim (0.99%, 14.06%) at 35 and 65 DAS, respectively. Two years pooled data of Alternaria leaf spot indicated that the PDI of was significantly lower in dry seed treatment with carbendazim + mancozeb (2.64%, 11.15%) which was statistically at par with thiophanate methyl (2.74%, 11.30%) followed by carbendazim (2.84%, 11.37%) at 35 and 65 DAS. Two years pooled data of Anthracnose disease indicated that the PDI of Anthracnose was significantly lower in dry seed treatment with carbendazim + mancozeb (0.81%, 6.71%).
Role of Non-Timber Forest Products in Rural Economy of Farmers
Authors:   Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Agroforestry, Nauni, Solan, H.P. (177 001), India, Singh S. , Chaudhary N. ,   Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Agroforestry, Nauni, Solan, H.P. (177 001), India, Bhatia A. K. ,   Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Agroforestry, Nauni, Solan, H.P. (177 001), India
Published: December 2020

Non-timber forest products (NTFPs), also known as non-wood forest products (NWFPs) and secondary forest products are useful substances obtained from forests. The key feature of NTFP’s is the continuous flow of returns against timber returns that are available intermittently at an interval of rotation period. An estimated 80% of the population of the developing world uses NWFP to meet some of their health and nutritional needs. NTFPs provide greater opportunities to the people by providing employment in the lean agriculture season. Most of the activities pertaining to NTFPs like collection, processing, transportation, marketing etc. are labour intensive and provide employment. India holds monopoly in world trade over some of the natural resins and gums such as lac, gum karaya and guar gum. Tribals derive 20-40% of their annual income from minor forest produce on which they spend major portion of their time. It has been established that a number of tribal, rural and forest department communities derive a significant part of their needs, income food and nutrition. The edible NTFPs play an important role in food & nutritional security of rural people. However, due to number of factors like destruction of natural habitat, fluctuating prices, population growth is hindering the development of NTFPs.
The Impact of Dairy Effluent on Germination Parameters of Seeds of Mung bean (Vigna radiata) and Mustard (Brassica nigra)
Authors:   Dept. of Biotechnology, Kanoria P.G MahilaMahavidyalaya, Jaipur, Rajasthan (302 004), India, Kapil Jyoti , Mathur Neetika ,   Dept. of Biotechnology, Kanoria P.G MahilaMahavidyalaya, Jaipur, Rajasthan (302 004), India
Published: December 2020

The advancement of a country depends upon its industrialization. Of all industrial sectors, the food processing units have highest consumption of water and are biggest producers of effluent per unit of production.The concentration and composition of the effluent depends upon operating methods andthe size and design of the processing plant.The dairy industry generates on an average 6-10 litres of waste water per litre of the milk processed. It has relatively high organic matter, suspended solids, trace organic nutrients which are essential for growth of crop plant. Thus, the utilization of the dairy effluent for irrigation can be an eco friendly approach for its disposal. The present study was carried out to study the influence of dairy effluent on seed germination, seedling growth and biomass production in mung bean (Vigna radiata) and mustard (Brassica nigra). The seeds of both the plant species were grown in petriplates and pots irrigated with various concentrations of dairy effluent (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%). The dairy effluent concentration of 20% was more favorable for total growth parameters viz., the germination percentage, the shoot length, dry weight and wet weight both in mustard and mung bean. Among different concentrations, 100% concentration of effluent caused inhibitory effect. Thus, it is recommended that only after suitable dilution, the dairy effluent can be effectively used for irrigation.
Integrated Management of Mouldy Core and Pink Mould Rot of Apples in Storage under Controlled Atmosphere Conditions
Authors:   Dept. of Plant Pathology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan,  H.P. (173 230), India, Kumari Neelam , Sharma J. N. ,   Dept. of Plant Pathology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan,  H.P. (173 230), India, Singh Deepika ,   Dept. of Fruit Science, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan,  H.P. (173 230), India
Published: December 2020

Effect of pre-cooling, hot water treatment, fumigation, an antagonist (Bacillus subtilis) along with treatment of apple fruits with extract of Emblica officinalis (amla) and coating with neem oil was evaluated for their activity against the fungal growth of Alternaria alternata and Trichothecium roseum, the causal agents of mouldy core and pink mould rot, respectively. Impregnation of fruit trays with botanical formulations was also integrated with other treatments before placing the treated and untreated fruits in controlled atmosphere (CA) storage for four months. The integration of hydro cooling with ice water+CaCl2 (HIWC)+fruit skin coating with neem oil (1%)+placing treated fruits on botanical formulation (BF) impregnated fruit trays (treatment combination T7) prior to CA storage gave highest inhibition of the pathogenic tested fungi with rot incidence of 16.05, 20.46% and fruit rot of 9.05, 11.46%, respectively. The treatment combination T6 in which the antagonist B. subtilis was integrated with pre-cooling and BF-impregnated trays was the next effective treatment with rot incidence of 20.35, 23.07% and fruit rot of 13.34, 17.08%, respectively.
Peran e-commerce terhadap perekonomian Indonesia selama pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Ayu Sandra , Lahmi Ahmad
Published: December 2020

Covid-19 mengubah tren ekonomi global secara masif. E-commerce tumbuh pesat beberapa tahun belakang dan semakin intens karena adanya pandemi Covid-19. Tujuan penulisan paper ini adalah untuk menggambarkan peran e-commerce bagi perekonomian di Indonesia selama pandemi Covid-19 dan peluang ke depannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan sumber data sekunder dan metode pengumpulan data dokumentasi. Berdasarkan analisis data, ditemukan bahwa bisnis e-commerce memiliki peran penting bagi perekonomian Indonesia baik dari sisi pelaku bisnis, konsumen, maupun pemerintah.