bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REGENERAÇÃO NATURAL EM UMA FLORESTA COM ARAUCÁRIA: INFERÊNCIAS SOBRE O PROCESSO DE CONSTRUÇÃO DA COMUNIDADE DE ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS
Authors: Santos Guilherme Neto dos , Higuchi Pedro , Silva Ana Carolina , Farias Klerysson Julio , Machado Felipe Domingos , Duarte Edilaine , Fernandes Caroline , Vieira Francielle , Amaral Rafaela Schröeder , Aguiar Vanessa de , Walter Felipe Fornara , Mores Bruna , Reis Miguel Angelo
Published: June 2018

O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a composição florística do componente regenerante e relacioná-la ao componente arbóreo adulto de um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista no Sul do Brasil, com o propósito de inferir sobre os processos de construção da comunidade de espécies arbóreas na área. Para isto, foram utilizadas cinco transecções de 100 x 20 m, alocadas em um fragmento florestal localizado no município de Lages-SC. Cada transecção foi formada por cinco parcelas, distantes 20 m entre si, subdividas em tamanhos distintos de acordo com a classe de tamanho da planta avaliada. Os componentes regenerante e adulto foram comparados quanto à organização florístico-estrutural (Análise de Variância Multivariada Permutacional e Análise de Espécies Indicadoras), riqueza (rarefação), distribuição espacial dos indivíduos das populações (Índice de Morisita Padronizado) e padrões de coexistência e segregação das espécies nas parcelas (Índice de C-score). Os resultados demonstraram diferenças significativas entre adultos e regenerantes em relação à similaridade florístico-estrutural e riqueza. O componente adulto apresentou maior proporção de populações com distribuição espacial aleatória e menor coexistência de espécies nas parcelas, em relação ao componente regenerante. Infere-se que a construção da comunidade está sujeita a processos ecológicos distintos, cujas intensidades de atuação dependem do estágio ontogenético considerado.
MÉTODOS PARA SUPERAÇÃO DA DORMÊNCIA EM SEMENTES DE Garcinia gardneriana (Planch. & Triana) Zappi
Authors: Rocha Ana Patrícia , Matos Valderez Pontes , Sena Lúcia Helena de Moura , Pacheco Mauro Vasconcelos , Ferreira Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo
Published: June 2018

Garcinia gardneriana é uma espécie florestal nativa do Bioma Mata Atlântica, com potencial para aplicação industrial, medicinal, ornamental e madeireira, cujas sementes têm dificuldades para germinar. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar diferentes métodos para superar a dormência de sementes de Garcinia gardneriana de modo eficaz e com baixo custo para promover a germinação rápida e uniforme. Foram testados os seguintes tratamentos: testemunha - sementes intactas (T1); sementes sem tegumento (T2); sementes sem tegumento, seguido de imersão em solução de ácido giberélico (GA3) a 500 mg.L-1 por 24 horas (T3); sementes sem tegumento, seguido de imersão em solução de nitrato de potássio (KNO3) a 0,2% por 24 horas (T4); semente sem tegumento, seguido de estratificação a 10°C por 120 horas (T5); sementes com tegumento e imersas em solução de KNO3 a 0,2% por 24 horas (T6); sementes submetidas à estratificação a 10°C durante 120 horas (T7); sementes escarificadas com lixa para massa n°80 no lado oposto ao hilo (T8). Para a superação da dormência foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: emergência total, primeira contagem de emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE), tempo médio de emergência, comprimento da parte aérea e raiz primária e massa seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular das plântulas. A retirada do tegumento favorece a emergência de plântulas mais vigorosas oriundas de sementes de Garcinia gardneriana, por isso, apresentam dormência tegumentar (exógena). A imersão das sementes em solução de ácido giberélico pode acelerar a velocidade de emergência, mas não influencia o tempo médio de emergência. Os tratamentos mais eficazes para superação da dormência das sementes de Garcinia gardneriana foram a remoção do tegumento, seguido de imersão em solução de ácido giberélico (GA3) a 500 mg.L-1 por 24 horas ou apenas a remoção do tegumento.
ABSORÇÃO E TRANSLOCAÇÃO DE SILÍCIO EM MUDAS DE Eucalyptus camaldulensis
Authors: Queiroz Dalva Luiz de , Camargo Joelma Melissa Malherbe , Dedecek Renato Antonio , Oliveira Edilson Batista de , Zanol Keti Maria Rocha , Melido Raul Cesar Nogueira
Published: June 2018

A busca pela alta produtividade e qualidade das plantas de eucalipto que sejam mais resistentes ao ataque de insetos-praga vem sendo cada vez mais estudada. Dentro deste contexto, realizou-se o estudo da absorção e a translocação de silício em plantas de Eucalyptus camaldulensis. O experimento foi realizado com o clone 58, em viveiro comercial da empresa Votorantim Siderurgia /João Pinheiro-MG, onde foi avaliada a aplicação de silício via solo (silicato de cálcio) e via foliar (silicato de potássio), com três doses diferentes. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com oito tratamentos, 20 repetições, totalizando 160 plantas. A avaliação do experimento foi realizada com base na análise do teor de silício presente no substrato (%) e na matéria seca das raízes e parte aérea das plantas (mg planta-1). Foram realizadas três avaliações aos 30, 60 e 90 dias após aplicação das doses de silício em folhas e raízes. Para o substrato foram realizadas quatro avaliações, sendo a primeira no dia da instalação do experimento (antes da aplicação de Si) e as demais aos 30, 60 e 90 dias após semeadura do eucalipto. Nas análises foliares realizadas, os maiores valores em relação ao teor de silício foram observados para o tratamento com aplicação de silicato de potássio (10mL/planta), T8, que foi em média 3 vezes maior, quando comparado aos tratamentos sem aplicação de silício (adubação padrão+110 gramas de CaO) - T1 e sem aplicação de silício (adubação padrão+1,71gramas de KCl) – T2. Os tratamentos não diferiram estatisticamente entre si nas avaliações realizadas, em relação à percentagem de silício presente nas raízes de E. camaldulensis. No substrato verificou-se um aumento significativo no teor do mineral aos 30, 60 e 90 dias, em função das doses crescentes de silicato, nas duas formas de aplicação, destacando o T8.  Assim, foi possível concluir que E. camaldulensis é capaz de absorver e translocar o mineral.
RELAÇÃO ENTRE SUCESSÃO SECUNDÁRIA, SOLO E SERAPILHEIRA EM UMA RESERVA BIOLÓGICA NO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO, BRASIL
Authors: Camara Rodrigo , Silva Vinicius Duncan , Delaqua Geovana Carla Girondi , Lisbôa Cinthia Pinheiro , Villela Dora Maria
Published: June 2018

A ciclagem de nutrientes é influenciada pelo estágio sucessional. Contudo, existem divergências quanto ao padrão desta dinâmica. No presente estudo, objetivou-se avaliar os atributos químicos do solo superficial e da serapilheira produzida em dois plantios abandonados do eucalipto Corymbia citriodora em diferentes estágios de sucessão secundária de espécies nativas de Mata Atlântica (PJ: plantio jovem; PM: plantio maduro), na Reserva Biológica União, Rio de Janeiro. Testou-se a hipótese de que ocorre o incremento da concentração de nutrientes na camada superficial de solo e na serapilheira, da produção de serapilheira e do aporte de nutrientes para o solo via serapilheira, em função do avanço da sucessão. Em cinco parcelas (5 m x 20 m) em PJ e PM, foram realizadas amostragens da camada superficial do solo (0-10 cm; estações seca/2008, chuvosa/2008, seca/2009 e chuvosa/2010) e da serapilheira (coletores com 0,49 m2; 1,0 m acima do solo; coletas quinzenais; período amostral de 366 dias). A camada superficial do solo na área PM apresentou maiores concentrações de C e N totais, H+Al e Mn. Por outro lado, os valores de pH, razão C/N, concentrações de K, Fe e Zn foram maiores na camada de solo superficial na área PJ. Não se detectou padrão claro para as concentrações de P e Cu no solo. A produção anual de serapilheira foi maior na área PM, que apresentou maiores concentrações de N total e Mg, enquanto na área PJ foram verificadas maiores valores da razão C/N e concentrações de P e Ca. Não houve variação para C total na serapilheira. Os aportes de C, N, P, K e Mg foram maiores na serapilheira na área PM, e não houve diferenças entre as áreas PJ e PM para o aporte de Ca. A hipótese testada corroborou, em parte, a concentração de nutrientes na camada superficial do solo, na serapilheira e o aporte de nutrientes, e integralmente no que se refere à produção de serapilheira.
RESISTÊNCIA À GEADA E CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE Toona ciliata EM CULTIVOS CONSORCIADOS COM Eucalyptus grandis EM DIFERENTES ADUBAÇÕES
Authors: Da Ros Clovis Orlando , Perrando Edison Rogerio , Paula Gizelli Moiano de , Somavilla Lucindo , Predige Daylien Mayane Sossmeier Albring , Engel Kauana , Silva Rodrigo Ferreira da
Published: June 2018

A restrição nutricional e a ocorrência de geadas no sul do Brasil frequentemente afetam o crescimento de cultivos florestais. Com o objetivo de quantificar o crescimento inicial e a resistência à geada das plantas de Toona ciliata em cultivos consorciados com Eucalyptus grandis, com diferentes adubações, foi conduzido um experimento na UFSM, campus de Frederico Westphalen. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com três repetições, no arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 x 3: duas espécies florestais (Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden e Toona ciliata M. Roem var. australis), dois tipos de cultivos (solteiro e consorciado) e três tipos de adubação (NPK, NPK + Si e NP de liberação lenta + K + bioestimulante).  O crescimento em altura das plantas foi mensurado em datas diferenciadas até 346 dias após o plantio. No final deste período foi quantificado o diâmetro a altura do peito e a massa seca da parte aérea. A avaliação do nível de danos às plantas e o grau de resistência à geada foi feito com atribuição de notas com base nas plantas inteiras e nas copas das plantas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e, quando significativa (p ≤ 0,05), procedeu-se a comparação das médias dos tratamentos pelo teste de Tukey (p ≤ 0,05). As duas espécies florestais foram tolerantes à geada, mas com maior dano na área foliar nas plantas de Toona ciliata em relação a Eucalyptus grandis. O cultivo de Toona ciliata sob proteção de Eucalyptus grandis não diminuiu os danos da geada no primeiro ano de implantação no campo. O uso de fertilizante de liberação lenta, de Si e de bioestimulante não contribuíram para aumentar o crescimento e a resistência à geada das plantas das duas espécies florestais.
Formación del profesorado con respecto al error y a su corrección en las producciones escritas de alumnos de L2: conocimientos, aptitudes y actitudes
Authors: Merino Mañueco Susana
Published: June 2018

El error y su corrección se revelan como elementos clave en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de una segunda lengua (L2). Los factores generadores de errores, tras haber sido objeto de numerosos estudios sobre la enseñanza-aprendizaje de L2, comienzan a revelarse como parte imprescindible de la competencia profesional docente. Es parte de la responsabilidad de las instituciones académicas encargadas de la formación del profesorado centrarse en la corrección de errores en la perspectiva de que los profesores cuenten con unos conocimientos, unas aptitudes y unas actitudes orientadas a la mejora de la corrección y al feedback en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de L2. En el presente trabajo nos proponemos realizar una revisión teórica en torno a los tres componentes de la competencia profesional docente, a saber: los conocimientos, las aptitudes y las actitudes de los profesores de L2 en relación al error y a su corrección en las producciones escritas.
Sentido del método de proyectos en una maestra militante en los Movimientos de Renovación Pedagógica
Authors: Torrego Egido Luis , Martínez Scott Suyapa
Published: June 2018

El trabajo por proyectos en la escuela, ahora más frecuentemente conocido por aprendizaje basado en proyectos (ABP), no ha aparecido en los últimos años ni es una moda inventada por quienes comercializan o especulan con la innovación educativa. Con el nombre de método de proyectos, es una propuesta que cuenta con más de cien años de historia y que aparece vinculada a la crítica de la enseñanza tradicional y a la unión de la educación con la transformación social. Los Movimientos de Renovación Pedagógica (MRP) muestran también ese mismo afán crítico y transformador, tanto de la escuela como de la sociedad injusta en la que viven. En este artículo se realiza, recurriendo a la investigación biográfica-narrativa, un estudio del significado del trabajo por proyectos para una maestra con más de treinta años de experiencia en la utilización de esta metodología, con una larga trayectoria de militancia en MRP. Se analizan las relaciones entre el uso de proyectos y la identidad docente conformada en su dilatada experiencia como militante, las características del trabajo por proyectos que considera esenciales y las finalidades educativas y sociales que pretende.
Políticas de integración en la educación universitaria. El caso de indígenas y afrocolombianos y el problema de la deserción
Authors: Méndez Romero Rafael Alberto , Delgado García César Augusto
Published: June 2018

Para superar rupturas del modelo educativo que influyen en la deserción en el sistema de educación universitario, acordamos realizar una intervención matriculando a los estudiantes indígenas y afrocolombianos admitidos en el 2006-II a los diferentes programas de ingeniería que ofrece la Universidad del Valle en los cursos de cálculo. La experiencia se da como un proceso de investigación–intervención que se diseñó e implementó con el objetivo de proporcionar una oportunidad, real y no solo legal a los estudiantes que ingresan por condición de excepción étnica a los planes de ingenierías, de acceder a los conocimientos científicos y tecnológicos de que se ocupa dicha universidad.
Análisis de la investigación sobre Aprendizaje basado en Proyectos en Educación Física
Authors: León Díaz Oscar , Martínez Muñoz L. Fernando , Santos Pastor M. Luisa
Published: June 2018

La Educación Física, como materia escolar, debe responder a las demandas educativas de una sociedad compleja y diversa. En este marco es comprensible apostar por modelos centrados en el aprendizaje y no en la enseñanza, lo que nos invita a generar una renovación de los enfoques, modelos y estrategias metodológicas. Las metodologías activas son una oportunidad única para responder a estos nuevos retos formativos. El presente artículo se centra en revisar el estado de la cuestión sobre estrategias de aprendizaje en Educación Física, como es el Aprendizaje basado en Proyectos. El procedimiento empleado para el análisis se ha centrado en registrar los proyectos, experiencias e investigaciones publicadas en diferentes bases de datos de acceso restringido y de libre acceso. Entre los criterios de inclusión, se han considerado que fueran pertinentes con la temática, tuvieran calidad científica y relevancia en el área de conocimiento. A través del análisis efectuado, podemos señalar la proliferación de experiencias e investigaciones centradas en el Aprendizaje basado en Proyectos. Las conclusiones del trabajo revelan la apuesta por la mejora de la calidad de los aprendizajes en Educación Física, además de su orientación por contribuir al desarrollo de las competencias clave.
Estrategias pedagógicas para la enseñanza de las matemáticas en Administración: Estudios y experiencias
Authors: Suárez Rincón Martha Luz
Published: June 2018

Este escrito recoge experiencias de diferentes universidades de Hispanoamérica en torno a la problemática de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las matemáticas en estudios de pregrado en Administración. Los estudios reseñados, así como las acciones que se vienen implementando en el Colegio de Estudios Superiores de Administración, se presentan desde las dimensiones de los estudiantes, los profesores y el currículo.
Turismo y economía colaborativa: El caso de los recorridos gratuitos a pie en Barcelona
Authors: Leal Londoño María del Pilar , Medina F. Xavier
Published: June 2018

El turismo ha sufrido un profundo cambio estrechamente vinculado con el acelerado uso del Internet y las redes. En este marco, el concepto de visitas guiadas gratuitas, sin cargo alguno se está haciendo cada vez más popular en toda Europa. El presente artículo analiza desde un enfoque exploratorio y partiendo de los principios de la geografía económica evolutiva, las empresas de recorridos gratuitos a pie en el marco de la economía colaborativa en Barcelona. Este enfoque permite entender este emergente mercado colaborativo y cómo impacta en la relación entre las empresas, los turistas y el destino.
Producción científica española en turismo: Un análisis de autoría basado en revistas internacionales con alto impacto y visibilidad
Authors: López-Bonilla José Manuel , Granados-Perea Concepción , López-Bonilla Luis Miguel
Published: June 2018

El presente estudio se ha centrado en el análisis de la producción científica con difusión internacional de los autores afiliados a instituciones españolas. La búsqueda se ha realizado a través de la base de datos de Scopus durante el período 2002-2013. Especialmente, se han analizado los trabajos publicados en revistas científicas que están incluidas en el Journal Citation Reports (JCR). Entre otros hallazgos, hay una gran concentración de autores que pertenecen a los ámbitos de la economía y la empresa. Las revistas científicas más utilizadas han sido Tourism Management y Tourism Economics.  
La gestión turística de las villas vénetas. Un modelo de referencia para la promoción de las villas de Cartagena como producto turístico
Authors: Navarro Moreno David , Peñalver Martínez María Jesús
Published: June 2018

La villa constituye una tipología arquitectónica que ha legado excelentes edificios a lo largo de la historia. Buena muestra de ello es el numeroso conjunto de villas existente en la región italiana del Véneto construidas entre los siglos XV y XVIII. También en otros lugares se han vivido momentos de auge en la construcción de villas, por ejemplo en Cartagena, situada en el sureste de España, donde destacan una serie de residencias de recreo, ubicadas en pleno campo y construidas con cierta singularidad arquitectónica, pertenecientes a la etapa final siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX. Lamentablemente, frente al reconocido valor de las villas vénetas, las villas de Cartagena se encuentran en un grave estado de abandono que hace necesaria la adopción de medidas para su recuperación y puesta en valor. Se plantea por tanto esta investigación con el objetivo de extraer de la experiencia italiana en la gestión turística de las villas vénetas el principal enfoque responsable de su éxito, tomando de este modo estrategias útiles encaminadas a la promoción de las villas del campo de Cartagena como producto turístico.
El nuevo decreto andaluz sobre viviendas particulares de uso turístico. Análisis a la luz de la agenda europea para la economía colaborativa
Authors: Román Márquez Alejandro
Published: June 2018

Con ocasión del análisis del recientemente aprobado Decreto andaluz sobre viviendas particulares de uso turístico se van a poner de manifiesto las cuestiones más relevantes y polémicas de su régimen jurídico, haciendo una comparativa con aspectos destacados de otras regulaciones autonómicas en la materia, poniendo de relieve las principales novedades pero también las ausencias más destacadas de la norma andaluza, y todo ello interpretado conforme a la también recientemente aprobada “Agenda europea para la economía colaborativa”, documento esencial para conocer la opinión de la Unión Europea sobre estas actividades y, fundamentalmente, sobre los nuevos mecanismos de intermediación online en el sector turístico.
Seasonal changes in paralarval cephalopod communities on the southwest coast of Baja California Sur (spring and autumn 2003)
Authors: García-Guillén Rubén Melvyn , De Silva-Dávila Roxana , Avendaño-Ibarra Raymundo
Published: June 2018

We recorded seasonal changes in the paralarval cephalopod communities collected off the southwestern coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico, during 2003. Simultaneous surface and oblique trawls were carried out with CalCOFI-type nets and CTD casts during spring and autumn 2003 on board the R/V Río Suchiate (Secretaría de Marina), at 85 sampling stations (Magdalena Bay to Cape San Lucas). The paralarval cephalopod community predominantly showed tropical affinity in both seasons. During autumn, 11 tropical taxa, 2 cosmopolitan taxa, and one temperate taxon were incorporated to the paralarval community recorded previously in spring and were associated with the decrease in Subarctic Water and the entrance of warm water masses to the study region, modifying the community indexes between seasons. The canonical correspondence analysis showed 2 groups significantly correlated with chlorophyll a concentrations and zooplankton volumes. Oblique tows provide better information on the paralarval cephalopod community, while surface tows can be an efficient method for monitoring and evaluating the hatching areas of the jumbo Pacific squid Dosidicus gigas through their paralarvae, which are included in the Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis–Dosidicus gigas complex (SD complex).
Key words: paralarvae, community structure, SD complex, Baja California Sur.
Recombinant Human Thyrotropin Plus Radioactive Iodine Among Patients With Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Tan Hui , Gu Yushen , Xiu Yan , Han Xingmin , Wen Qiang , Lv Zhongwei , Fan Wei , Li Sijin , Tan Jian , Wang Feng , Fu Wei , Zhang Yifan , Xin Jun , Ouyang Wei , Wang Xuemei , Liu Bin , Chen Yue , Liu Xuegong , Mo Yi , Luo Quanyong , Wang Jing , Li Meng , Di Yan , Xu Tao , Shi Hongcheng
Published: November 2024

Importance

Radioactive iodine (131I or RAI) therapy has long been the standard of care for most patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) after primary surgery. However, no multicenter prospective studies have identified the optimal administered activity and stimulation method for RAI therapy in patients with intermediate-risk DTC.

Objective

To compare the efficacy and safety of recombinant human thyrotropin (SNA001) with thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) plus 3.7 GBq RAI in patients with intermediate-risk DTC.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This noninferiority, open-label, phase 3 randomized clinical trial was conducted at 19 sites in China from April 16, 2020, to September 9, 2021, with a follow-up period of 8 months. Patients aged 18 to 70 years with DTC who had undergone a total or near-total thyroidectomy and had no distant metastasis were enrolled in the trial. Statistical analysis followed the full analysis and per-protocol analysis sets and was performed between November 18, 2021, and April 18, 2022.

Intervention

Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive SNA001, 0.9 mg, intramuscular injection daily for 2 days or to undergo thyroid hormone withdrawal for 3 to 6 weeks.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary end point was the success rate after 6 to 8 months of RAI therapy. Success was defined as a negative diagnostic whole-body scan result and a stimulated thyroglobulin level less than 1.0 ng/mL.

Results

A total of 307 patients (192 females [62.5%]; median [range] age, 40 [19-69] years) were randomized: 154 to the SNA001 group and 153 to the THW group. Baseline characteristics were evenly matched between the 2 groups. Noninferiority in the success rate of RAI therapy between groups was met, with success rates of 43.8% in the SNA001 group and 47.1% in the THW group (risk difference, −3.3; 95% CI, −14.8 to 8.3 percentage points). Forty-six patients (29.9%) in the SNA001 group reported adverse events compared with 90 (58.8%) in the THW group during RAI therapy (P < .001). No treatment-related adverse events leading to discontinuation and drug modification occurred in the SNA001 group.

Conclusions and Relevance

This randomized clinical trial showed that SNA001 was noninferior to THW plus 3.7 GBq RAI in patients with predominantly intermediate-risk DTC. SNA001 also demonstrated a favorable safety profile compared with THW and had a lower incidence of adverse events.

Trial Registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2100046907
Financial Toxicity Among Asian American Cancer Survivors
Authors: Wang Stephanie , Chino Fumiko , Dee Edward Christopher
Published: November 2024

This Viewpoint highlights financial toxicity specific to Asian American cancer survivors and presents steps forward within the framework of the social ecological model of health, considering individual, interpersonal, community, and policy-level dimensions.
‘Let's work together to pass medical school’: a qualitative study of medical student attitudes to teamwork, competition and collaboration
Authors: Watson Helen R. , Millin Paul , Close James , Jeffery Robert , Stephenson Holly , Zahra Daniel
Published: November 2024

Teamwork is vital to all types of work, and graduates of higher education programmes must be prepared to contribute to a wide variety of professional teams. This is especially true in healthcare, where graduates will work in multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) under considerable pressure. This study is a follow‐up to a previous study, where we described how competition between students is a barrier to constructive teamwork. Since then, we have made considerable enhancements to our transferable skills curriculum, moved away from norm referencing, and there have been national changes to the way that graduate Foundation training places are allocated. Here we present findings from a qualitative study of students from all six stages of our medical degree programme (5 years plus predegree foundation year). We explored whether there had been changes in how students perceived the importance of teamwork, their own teamwork development and how they collaborated with their peers. Following analysis of in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews, five themes emerged: (a) competition between students; (b) importance of teamwork; (c) what makes effective teamwork; (d) preparing for work in MDTs; and (e) recommendations for teamwork education. Competition between students was perceived as both positive and negative, but there has been a shift since our last study towards collaboration, with students now more willing to help each other succeed. Students also show more insight into their teamwork development, and were able to discuss what aspects of the programme, and higher education more broadly, were most valuable in helping them develop.
Comprehensive Enteroviral Serology Links Infection and Anti‐Melanoma Differentiation‐Associated Protein 5 Dermatomyositis
Authors: Jayaraman Sahana , Tiniakou Eleni , Morgenlander William R. , Na Miso , Christopher‐Stine Lisa , Larman H. Benjamin
Published: November 2024

Objective

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are a group of heterogeneous, systemic autoimmune diseases characterized by specific clinical features and, frequently, skeletal muscle inflammation. Specific subtypes of IIMs can be characterized by myositis‐specific autoantibodies and are associated with distinct clinical phenotypes. Here, we focus on anti‐melanoma differentiation‐associated protein 5 (MDA5)–positive myositis and anti‐signal recognition particle (SRP)‐positive myositis, both of which exhibit seasonality but lack known environmental triggers.

Methods

We employed Phage ImmunoPrecipitation Sequencing to profile serum antibodies against the human proteome, the human virome, and a comprehensive enterovirus library. We analyzed sera from 57 patients with anti‐MDA5 autoantibodies and 57 patients with anti‐SRP autoantibodies, as well as 57 healthy controls. All groups were matched for age, sex, and race.

Results

Our autoantibody profiling results define specific immunogenic regions within the MDA5 and SRP autoantigens. We also discovered that in MDA5 sera, versus SRP sera, there was an elevated antibody response to the viral capsid protein 1 (VP1) of enterovirus B, which was accompanied by a decreased antibody response to rhinovirus A.

Conclusion

Considering the role of MDA5 as a sensor of picornaviral infections and a mediator of inflammatory signaling, our data suggest a novel etiologic link between enterovirus infection and anti‐MDA5 dermatomyositis.
Laser Direct Structuring of Millable BN‐AlN Ceramic for Three‐Dimensional (3D) Components
Authors: Raumel Selina , Xiao Xiao , Bengsch Sebastian , Wurz Marc C.
Published: November 2024

This research introduces a novel process for the direct metallization of the composite ceramic BN‐AlN, a millable, high‐temperature resistant material, using laser direct structuring (LDS). LDS is, for example, used for molded interconnect devices (MIDs), to integrate mechanical and electronic functions into a single 3D structure. Traditionally, MIDs have relied on polymers, but increasing thermal demands in electronics are shifting focus toward ceramic substrates like BN‐AlN, which offer superior thermal stability and mechanical strength. Herein, electronic infrastructures are applied onto milled BN‐AlN 3D components through a parameter study on laser activation and electroless copper deposition, followed by the development of a sequential copper–nickel–gold (CuNiAu) deposition process. The laser structuring reveals small grains of elemental aluminum on the surface, which directly catalyzes metal reduction in the electroless copper deposition. The duration and temperature of the copper electroplating process are found to influence the nuclei size and layer thickness. A palladium chloride treatment, as well as additional etching steps during the CuNiAu layer deposition, shows promising results. The metallized BN‐AlN substrates are characterized for adhesion, contact reliability, resistivity, and thermal stability. The findings demonstrate the process's suitability for high‐temperature applications, highlighting its potential for advancing electronic system integration.
A Pro‐Angiogenic Immunoprotective Membrane for Cell Therapies
Authors: Wang Huifeng , Duan Chongwen , Luo Ruyue , Liu Yugang , Tong Ophelia , Demski Julia , Rivnay Jonathan , Ameer Guillermo A.
Published: November 2024

Immunoisolation strategies that rely on porous membranes play an important role in cell transplantation therapies to protect cells from the host's immune system. These membranes must possess immunoprotective properties while facilitating the transport of nutrients and cell products to maintain the functional integrity of encapsulated cells. An easy and scalable process is described to fabricate a dual function porous polymeric membrane that shields cells against immune cell attack and promotes vascularization to address the nutritional and oxygen requirements of transplanted cells. The fabrication process results in a membrane cross‐section with a gradient of nanopores to micropores that support cell immunoisolation and interfacial vascularization requirements, respectively. The membranes demonstrate excellent cell compatibility and effectively prevent T cell transmigration without compromising glucose diffusion and oxygen permeability. In a murine subcutaneous implantation model, membranes are stable for 60 days and exhibit significantly reduced fibrous capsules, with enhanced vascularization near the membrane. These porous polymeric membranes can potentially be used as pro‐angiogenic immunoprotective membranes for cell transplantation applications where maximizing cell viability and function is of critical importance.
Interpenetrating Polymer Network Hydrogels with Tunable Viscoelasticity and Proteolytic Cleavability to Direct Stem Cells In Vitro
Authors: Seth Prannoy , Friedrichs Jens , Limasale Yanuar Dwi Putra , Fertala Nicole , Freudenberg Uwe , Zhang Yixin , Lampel Ayala , Werner Carsten
Published: November 2024

The dynamic nature of cellular microenvironments, regulated by the viscoelasticity and enzymatic cleavage of the extracellular matrix, remains challenging to emulate in engineered synthetic biomaterials. To address this, a novel platform of cell‐instructive hydrogels is introduced, composed of two concurrently forming interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs). These IPNs consist of the same basic building blocks – four‐armed poly(ethylene glycol) and the sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) heparin – are cross‐linked through either chemical or physical interactions, allowing for precise and selective tuning of the hydrogel's stiffness, viscoelasticity, and proteolytic cleavability. The studies of the individual and combined effects of these parameters on stem cell behavior revealed that human mesenchymal stem cells exhibited increased spreading and Yes‐associated protein transcriptional activity in more viscoelastic and cleavable sGAG‐IPN hydrogels. Furthermore, human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) cysts displayed enhanced lumen formation, growth, and pluripotency maintenance when cultured in sGAG‐IPN hydrogels with higher viscoelasticity. Inhibition studies emphasized the pivotal roles of actin dynamics and matrix metalloproteinase activity in iPSC cyst morphology, which varied with the viscoelastic properties of the hydrogels. Thus, the introduced sGAG‐IPN hydrogel platform offers a powerful methodology for exogenous stem cell fate control.
Solution Processed Bilayer Metal Halide White Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Liu He , Shonde Tunde Blessed , Olasupo Oluwadara Joshua , Manny Tarannuma Ferdous , Islam Md Sazedul , Viera Jarek , Khizr Mohammad , Moslemi Sahel , Lin Xinsong , Winfred J.S. Raaj Vellore , Nasser Layla El , (Sam) Mao Keyou , Ma Biwu
Published: November 2024

Metal halide perovskites and perovskite‐related organic metal halide hybrids (OMHHs) have recently emerged as a new class of luminescent materials for light emitting diodes (LEDs), owing to their unique and remarkable properties, including near‐unity photoluminescence quantum efficiencies, highly tunable emission colors, and low temperature solution processing. While substantial progress has been made in developing monochromatic LEDs with electroluminescence across blue, green, red, and near‐infrared regions, achieving highly efficient and stable white electroluminescence from a single LED remains a challenging and under‐explored area. Here, a facile approach to generating white electroluminescence is reported by combining narrow sky‐blue emission from metal halide perovskites and broadband orange/red emission from zero‐dimensional (0D) OMHHs. For the proof of concept, utilizing TPPcarz+ passivated two‐dimensional (2D) CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets (NPLs) as sky blue emitter and 0D TPPcarzSbBr4 as orange/red emitter (TPPcarz+ = triphenyl (9‐phenyl‐9H‐carbazol‐3‐yl) phosphonium), white LEDs (WLEDs) with a solution processed bilayer structure have been fabricated to exhibit a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 4.8% and luminance of 1507 cd m−2 at the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinate of (0.32, 0.35). This work opens a new pathway for creating highly efficient and stable WLEDs using metal halide perovskites and related materials.
Monte Carlo Modeling of a High‐Efficiency Tandem Luminescent Solar Concentrator Containing a Polarization Volume Grating Layer
Authors: Zohrabi Ramin , Ehsani‐Tabar Sahar , Esmaeili Amir Hosein , Daghighazar Shadi , Goudarzi Kiyanoush
Published: November 2024

This article develops a Monte Carlo model to optimize a newly introduced tandem luminescent solar concentrator. This innovative structure comprises two parallel transparent polymeric waveguides separated by an air gap. The first waveguide, which is exposed to sunlight, contains fluorophores and performs as a traditional luminescent solar concentrator. In contrast, the second waveguide is equipped with an inner polarization volume grating layer, strategically placed to couple the emitted photons within the escape cone, directing them into the second waveguide and preventing reabsorption. The finite difference time domain method is employed to optimize the performance of this grating. The results show a significant improvement in external photon efficiency compared to the conventional luminescent solar concentrator.
Cr6+ Loaded Lewis Acidic Sn‐Beta Zeolites as Reusable Catalysts for Selective Production of Light Olefins via Polyolefin Cracking
Authors: Kokuryo Shinya , Tsubota Soshi , Miyake Koji , Uchida Yoshiaki , Mizusawa Atsushi , Kubo Tadashi , Nishiyama Norikazu
Published: November 2024

Catalysts for the selective recovery of light olefins from polyolefins should be developed to save limited fossil resources. It is previously revealed that Brønsted acid‐free Sn‐Beta zeolites selectively produced light olefins from polyolefin cracking. Brønsted acid sites ionize olefins by protonation and the generated carbenium ions are converted into other hydrocarbons via various reactions, thereby the elimination of their effects led to the improvement of light olefin production ability. However, the deactivation of zeolites by coke deposition is a critical problem for industrialization. Inhibition of coking deactivation is previously achieved by doping Cr6+ species connected to silanol groups in zeolites. This work aimed to inhibit coke deposition and realize selective and continuous production of light olefins through repetitive polyolefin catalytic cracking. Sn‐Beta zeolites are prepared with various crystallinity by changing the feed fluoride ions content in their synthesis and found that their activity on low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) cracking strongly depended on the feed F/Si ratios, implying the active sites for polyolefin cracking are Lewis acidic open‐Sn sites. Moreover, Cr6+‐doped Sn‐Beta zeolites showed over 45% light olefin yields even in the third LDPE cracking test, although excess Cr adding led to reduce the catalytic activity of Sn‐Beta zeolites.
Improving Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio of 1.5T MRI Scans Using High‐Q Resonators Based on Coupled Octa‐Spirals
Authors: Gupta Jegyasu , Bhattacharjee Ratnajit , Kanagaraj Subramani , Sikdar Debabrata
Published: November 2024

Metamaterials or metamaterial‐inspired structures/resonators have yielded significant advancement in the imaging capabilities of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) by boosting its performance parameter, i.e., signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). Metamaterials have a distinctive ability to boost and redistribute magnetic fields inside the subject undergoing scan when integrated as accessories between receive arrays and the subject. However, the translation of most reported metamaterials into a clinical accessory is still limited and challenging due to their low sensitivity, sub‐optimal performance, and bulky footprints for integration inside MRI scanners. Herein, a metamaterial‐inspired structure is developed using coupled octa‐spiral resonators to boost magnetic field localization inside the scanned region. In addition, the high‐Q resonance of the metamaterial‐inspired structure improves impedance matching and enhances the transmit/receive efficiency of MRI coils.  Theoretical analysis of electromagnetic responses and full‐wave simulations show a homogeneous boost in SNR by over times throughout a human‐properties mimicking phantom using the resonator with a maximum SNR enhancement factor (EF) of . The spatial distribution of SNR EF inside the phantom is also validated by preliminary laboratory experiments. Thus, the developed coupled octa‐spirals resonator can pave the way for developing and adopting metamaterial‐inspired devices as clinical accessories for facilitating better, faster, and cost‐effective MRI scans.
Growth of a Tessellation: Geometric rules for the Development of Stingray Skeletal Patterns
Authors: Yang Binru , Knötel David , Ciecierska‐Holmes Jana , Wölfer Jan , Chaumel Júlia , Zaslansky Paul , Baum Daniel , Fratzl Peter , Dean Mason N.
Published: November 2024

The skeletons of sharks and rays, fashioned from cartilage, and armored by a veneer of mineralized tiles (tesserae) present a mathematical challenge: How can the continuous covering be maintained as the skeleton expands? This study, using microCT and custom visual data analyses of growing stingray skeletons, systematically examines tessellation patterns and morphologies of the many thousand interacting tesserae covering the hyomandibula (a skeletal element critical to feeding), over a two‐fold developmental change in hyomandibula length. The number of tesserae remains surprisingly constant, even as the hyomandibula expands isometrically, with all hyomandibulae displaying self‐similar distributions of tesserae shapes/sizes. Although the distribution of tesserae geometries largely agrees with the rules for polyhedra tiling of complex surfaces—dominated by hexagons and a minor fraction of pentagons and heptagons, but very few other polygons—the agreement with Euler's classic mathematical laws is not perfect. Contrary to the assumed uniform growth rate (which is shown would create geometric incompatibilities), larger tesserae grow faster to accommodate skeletal expansion. It is hypothesized that this local regulation of global system complexity is driven by tension (from cartilaginous core expansion) in the fibers connecting tesserae, with strain‐responsive cells orchestrating local mineral apposition.
Evaluating corn, tall fescue and canola growth on sediments dredged from the Lorain Harbor
Authors: Roddy Maureen E. , Kalhert Emily , Platt Corry T. , Julian Ashley N. , Rúa Megan A.
Published: November 2024

Soil degradation is a worldwide problem, causing the declining performance of many plant species. Recently, the application of sediments dredged from aquatic waterways has received attention for their potential as an organic amendment to revive degraded agricultural soils. In Ohio, dredged sediment research has largely focused on the success of corn (Zea mays) or soybean (Glycine max) following the application of dredged sediments from the Toledo Harbor, neglecting the potential for dredged sediments from the other eight harbors and waterways to change plant performance as well as failing to quantify benefits for other commonly grown crops in the region. In a greenhouse experiment, we applied dredged sediments from the Lorain Harbor to degraded agricultural soils across a variety of application ratios and quantified changes in germination, height over the growing season, final biomass, and yield for canola (Brassica napus), tall fescue KY 31 (Festuca arundinacea), and corn to better understand the potential for dredged sediments from this location to increase performance for a variety of regionally important plant species. Overall, plants grown on agricultural soils supplemented with dredged sediments from the Lorain Harbor consistently grew taller, faster, and were larger than the 100% dredged sediment treatments. Furthermore, both corn and tall fescue grown on agricultural soil supplemented with dredged sediments had greater yield compared to their counterparts grown on unamended agricultural soil. In whole, outcomes from this research contribute to a growing body of research that support the use of dredged sediments as a soil amendment for agricultural soils.
Boron Enabled Directed [2+2]‐ and Dearomative [4+2]‐Cycloadditions Initiated by Energy Transfer
Authors: Adak Souvik , Hazra Partha Sarathi , Fox Carter B. , Brown M. Kevin
Published: November 2024

A strategy for the photosensitized [2+2]‐cycloaddition between styrenyl dihaloboranes and unactivated allylamines to access cyclobutylboronates with control of stereochemistry and regiochemistry is presented. The success of the reaction relies on the temporary coordination between in situ generated dihaloboranes and amines under mild reaction conditions. In addition, cyclobutanes with varying substitution patterns have been prepared using N‐heterocycles as directing group. Manipulation of the C−B bond allows for the synthesis of a diverse class of cyclobutanes from simple precursors. Moreover, these reactions lead to the synthesis of complex amines and heteroaromatic compounds, which have significant utility in medicinal chemistry. Finally, a dearomative [4+2]‐cycloaddition of naphthalenes using a boron‐enabled temporary tethering strategy has also been uncovered to synthesize complex 3‐dimensional borylated building blocks.
Degradation kinetics and volatile identification in poly(lactic acid), aloe vera, and polyester polyol biocomposites
Authors: Soares Nicole Pereira , Barreto José Vinícius Melo , Nicácio Pedro Henrique Medeiros , de Melo Renato Pereira , da Silva Barbosa Ferreira Eduardo , Luna Carlos Bruno Barreto , Araújo Edcleide Maria , Wellen Renate Maria Ramos
Published: November 2024

Polymers derived from renewable sources and sustainable processes have been investigated as alternatives to petrochemicals, aiming to improve performance and avoid environmental damage. In this context, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a renewable thermoplastic source, used in biocomposite matrices. This study investigated the thermal and mechanical properties, kinetics, and degradation mechanisms of PLA‐based biocomposites with addition of aloe vera (AV) extract and Priplast™ (Pr). PLA/AV/Pr biocomposites exhibited hardness and heat‐deflection temperature (HDT) similar to PLA. Thermogravimetry (TG) and TG coupled to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG‐FTIR) measurements showed that PLA/AV/Pr compounds presented higher thermal stability than PLA. Kinetic study, using the isoconversional models of Friedman, Kissinger‐Akahira‐Sunose (KAS), and Ozawa‐Flynn‐Wall (OFW), demonstrated that PLA/AV/Pr compounds have higher degradation activation energies than PLA, with R2 and R3 mechanisms acting competitively. Gases released during degradation were identified as H2O, CH4, CO2, CO, lactide, and acetaldehyde. The PLA/AV/Pr biocomposites exhibited superior mechanical properties and thermal stability compared to neat PLA.
Microwave Synthesis and Luminescence Efficiencies in Mixed‐Ligand Europium Complexes
Authors: Oliveira Miriam K. N. G. , Castro Gerson P. , Gonçalves Simone M. C. , Simas Alfredo M.
Published: November 2024

The microwave‐assisted methodology is now extended and fine‐tuned for the synthesis of mixed‐ligand europium complexes with an average reaction time of 12 min. Overall, 14 different complexes were synthesized to improve luminescence using our previously proposed strategy to boost luminescence through ligand diversification, specifically by applying it to quaternary europium complexes with at least one DBM (1,3‐diphenylpropane‐1,3‐dionate) ligand. DBM is a strong absorbant of UV radiation that can dissipate energy through nonradiative channels; thus, it is a useful molecular scaffold for sunblockers and cosmetics. Accordingly, the following luminescent tetrakis and quaternary complexes were prepared: K[Eu(DBM)4], K[Eu(β)4], K[Eu(DBM)3(β)], K[Eu(DBM)2(β)2], K[Eu(DBM)2(β)(β’)], and the fully mixed complex K[Eu(DBM)(BTFA)(TTA)(HFAC)], where β can be either BTFA (4,4,4‐trifluoro‐1‐phenylbutane‐1,3‐dionate), TTA (4,4,4‐trifluoro‐1‐(2‐thienyl)butane‐1,3‐dionate), or HFAC (1,1,1,5,5,5‐hexafluoropentane‐2,4‐dionate). For all the complexes, luminescence experiments were performed in chloroform and acetone solutions. Our findings confirm that mixed‐ligand complexes exhibit superior quantum efficiencies compared to the average of their homoleptic counterparts. The presence of DBM in the complexes tends to dramatically increase the nonradiative decay rates of the solutions. Finally, we present formulae that provide a detailed understanding of the distinctive roles of each ligand and their relevant interactions in luminescence.