bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of activity and effectiveness of occupational therapy in stroke patients at the early stage of rehabilitation
Authors: Petruševičienė Daiva , Kriščiūnas Aleksandras
Published: June 2018

In Lithuania, the stroke is not only medical, but social issue as well, since only 20% of patients suffering from stroke remain active at work. Yearly stroke incidence in Lithuania is 7000–8000 cases. The most common outcome of stroke is unilateral paralysis (hemiplegia) followed by disorders of coordination, balance, and movements. Due to dysfunctions of movements, self-care, cognition, behavior, and communication, some part of stroke patients remains disabled. They need assistance and care provided by other people. Occupational therapy, which is part of rehabilitation of patients after stroke, is directed to independence training. There are scarce data related to effectiveness of occupational therapy depending on motor, cognitive, and psychosocial dysfunctions. Goals of study were to estimate effectiveness of occupational therapy at the early stage of rehabilitation depending on type of stroke, localization of brain injury, grade of lesion, age, and gender, to identify factors influencing effectiveness of occupational therapy, and to estimate their positive predictive value. The study included 106 patients at the early stage of rehabilitation, who were admitted to Department of Neurorehabilitation after stabilization of clinical condition from Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (mean duration of 14±2 days after stroke). The program of occupational therapy was not fulfilled by 6 patients: 2 patients were transferred to Nursing Hospital due to severe condition, and 4 patients were discharged prematurely and continued rehabilitation in outpatient setting. Hence, study population consisted of 100 subjects (47 men and 53 women) who were diagnosed with stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic). Patient’s functional status and disorders of activities were evaluated using Barthel Index and Functional Independence Measure. Complexes of occupational therapy were adjusted according to examination of patient’s disorders of activities, age, grade of lesion, other diseases, and complications during rehabilitation process. Effectiveness of occupational therapy in patients after stroke at then early stage of rehabilitation was influenced by gender, age, degree of lesion, type of stroke. Better effectiveness of occupational therapy was observed in men (P<0.05), persons younger than 59 years (P<0.05), persons with hemiparesis (P<0.05) and hemorrhagic stroke (P<0.05). Low effectiveness in stroke patients at the early stage of rehabilitation was influenced by neglect (P<0.05), hemiplegia (P<0.001), and older age of patient (P<0.05). Application of individualized occupational therapy complexes for stroke patients at the early stage of rehabilitation with consideration of motoric and cognitive-psychosocial disorders, significantly improves recovery of impaired functions, though occupational therapy should be continued in later rehabilitation stages, since patients after early stage of rehabilitation still have limited independence in daily activities.
Factors associated with poor sleep and health-related quality of life
Authors: Andruškienė Jurgita , Varoneckas Giedrius , Martinkėnas Arvydas , Grabauskas Vilius
Published: June 2018

Objective. The aim of the study was to establish factors associated with poor sleep and to assess the relationship between self-evaluated sleep quality and health-related quality of life. Material and methods. Sleep complaints were evaluated using Basic Nordic Sleep Questionnaire, and health-related quality of life was assessed by SF-36. Subjective data about sleep quality were obtained from 1602 randomly selected persons: 600 males and 1002 females, aged 35–74 years. SF-36 was filled in by 1016 persons: 379 males and 637 females. Health status was evaluated by Perceived Health Questionnaire. The odds ratios of poor sleep were calculated using binary logistic regression analysis. Results. Among males poor self-evaluated health, frequent stress events, regular nighttime awakenings, and sleep latency period longer than 15 min in workdays were significant predictors of poor sleep. Among females, duration of sleep shorter than 7 h, frequent stress events, poor self-evaluated health, sleep latency period longer than 15 min in workdays, and regular nighttime awakenings predicted poor sleep. Poor sleepers, as compared with good ones, had poorer healthrelated quality of life. Conclusions. Poor perceived health, frequent stress events, regular nighttime awakenings, and sleep latency period longer than 15 min were indicated as significant predictors of poor sleep. Poor sleep worsened health-related quality of life in all domains of SF-36.
Successful treatment of upper ureteral injury using renal autotransplantation
Authors: Milonas Daimantas , Stirbys Saulius , Jievaltas Mindaugas
Published: June 2018

Introduction. Ureteral injuries are uncommon. Upper ureteral defect more than 7–8 cm in length is a challenge for urologists, requiring experience and several steps in its management. We report a case of iatrogenic upper urinary tract injury and successful treatment of 8-cm ureteral defect using autotransplantation of the kidney. Case report. A male patient underwent surgery due to retroperitoneal tumor. Iatrogenic ureteral injury was recognized 18 days after operation. Three-step management of urinary tract injury was performed. The first step included minimally invasive recovery of the urine flow and treatment of infection. The second step was unsuccessful renal descensus and new formation ureteropyeloanastomosis because of difficulties of kidney mobilization caused by previous surgery. The third step included a successful autotransplantation of the kidney and complete reconstruction of the urinary tract. Conclusions. Autotransplantation can be successfully used for the management of long upper ureteral injury in referral urological centers.
TiO2 Nanotubes on Ti Dental Implant. Part 3: Electrochemical Behavior in Hank’s Solution of Titania Nanotubes Formed in Ethylene Glycol
Authors: Acquesta Annalisa , Carangelo Anna , Monetta Tullio
Published: June 2018

Anodic oxidation is an easy and cheap surface treatment to form nanostructures on the surface of titanium items for improving the interaction between metallic implants and the biological environment. The long-term success of the devices is related to their stability. In this work, titanium nanotubes were formed on a dental screw, made of titanium CP2, through an anodization process using an “organic” solution based on ethylene glycol containing ammonium fluoride and water. Then, the electrochemical stability in the Hank’s solution of these “organic” nanotubes has been investigated for 15 days and compared to that of titanium nanotubes on a similar type of sample grown in an inorganic solution, containing phosphoric and hydrofluoridric acids. Morphological and crystallographic analysis were performed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray diffractometry (XRD) tests. Electrochemical measurements were carried out to study the stability of the nanotubes when are in contact with the biological environment. The morphological measurements revealed long nanotubes, small diameters, smooth side walls, and a high density of “organic” nanotubes if compared to the “inorganic” ones. XRD analysis demonstrated the presence of rutile form. An appreciable electrochemical stability has been revealed by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) analysis, suggesting that the “organic” nanotubes are more suitable for biomedical devices.
Synthesis, Immunosuppressive Properties, and Mechanism of Action of a New Isoxazole Derivative
Authors: Mączyński Marcin , Borska Sylwia , Mieszała Katarzyna , Kocięba Maja , Zaczyńska Ewa , Kochanowska Iwona , Zimecki Michał
Published: June 2018

This work describes the synthesis of a new series of isoxazole derivatives, their immunosuppressive properties, and the mechanism of action of a representative compound. A new series of N′-substituted derivatives of 5-amino-N,3-dimethyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carbohydrazide (MM1–MM10) was synthesized in reaction of 5-amino-N,3-dimethyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carbohydrazide with relevant carbonyl compounds. The isoxazole derivatives were tested in several in vitro models using human cells. The compounds inhibited phytohemagglutinin A (PHA)-induced proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to various degrees. The toxicity of the compounds with regard to a reference A549 cell line was also differential. 5-amino-N′-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene-N,3-dimethyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carbohydrazide (MM3) compound was selected for further investigation because of its lack of toxicity and because it had the strongest antiproliferative activity. The compound was shown to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF α) production in human whole blood cell cultures. In the model of Jurkat cells, MM3 elicited strong increases in the expression of caspases, Fas, and NF-κB1, indicating that a proapoptotic action may account for its immunosuppressive action in the studied models.
Ferrocenes as Building Blocks in Molecular Rectifiers and Diodes
Authors: Welker Mark E.
Published: June 2018

Ferrocenes have recently been reported as components of a number of molecular circuits. This short review covers reports of ferrocenes in molecular rectifiers and diodes which have appeared in the last 10 years.
Lecture 1—Justification of the Value of Clinical Pharmacy Services and Clinical Indicators Measurements—Introductory Remarks from a Traveler on a 40-Year Wayfaring Journey with Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care
Authors: Parrish Richard H. , Chew Lita
Published: June 2018

Without question, health care delivery, and clinical pharmacy’s purpose in it, is changing rapidly all over the world. Pharmacy’s place in the new health care environment is ensured only to the extent that the purpose of pharmaceutical care is understood and transmitted to the global structures of these developing organizational patterns and paradigm shifts. While the current trend toward commodification of illness and treatment seems to be driving efforts to consolidate the economic factors of pharmaceutical distribution, a new type of practice—patient-driven health care—has continued to shape the interactions of pharmacists and patients all over the world. A thorough understanding of the above factors involved in pharmacy’s history, present, and future are necessary for clinical practice preparation, as well as for value justification. How clinical pharmacy will succeed in this kind of social and economic milieu is precisely why this series of lectures and roundtables will help us embrace many of the vexing issues that clinical pharmacy administrators and practitioners face in daily practice.
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analyses of the Fibrillin Family Genes Suggest Their Involvement in Photoprotection in Cucumber
Authors: Kim Inyoung , Lee Sang-Choon , Kim Eun-Ha , Song Kihwan , Yang Tae-Jin , Kim Hyun Uk
Published: June 2018

Fibrillin (FBN) is a plastid lipid-associated protein found in photosynthetic organisms from cyanobacteria to plants. In this study, 10 CsaFBN genes were identified in genomic DNA sequences of cucumber (Chinese long and Gy14) through database searches using the conserved domain of FBN and the 14 FBN genes of Arabidopsis. Phylogenetic analysis of CsaFBN protein sequences showed that there was no counterpart of Arabidopsis and rice FBN5 in the cucumber genome. FBN5 is essential for growth in Arabidopsis and rice; its absence in cucumber may be because of incomplete genome sequences or that another FBN carries out its functions. Among the 10 CsaFBN genes, CsaFBN1 and CsaFBN9 were the most divergent in terms of nucleotide sequences. Most of the CsaFBN genes were expressed in the leaf, stem and fruit. CsaFBN4 showed the highest mRNA expression levels in various tissues, followed by CsaFBN6, CsaFBN1 and CsaFBN9. High-light stress combined with low temperature decreased photosynthetic efficiency and highly induced transcript levels of CsaFBN1, CsaFBN6 and CsaFBN11, which decreased after 24 h treatment. Transcript levels of the other seven genes were changed only slightly. This result suggests that CsaFBN1, CsaFBN6 and CsaFBN11 may be involved in photoprotection under high-light conditions at low temperature.
A conformationally adaptive macrocycle: conformational complexity and host–guest chemistry of zorb[4]arene
Authors: Yang Liu-Pan , Lu Song-Bo , Valkonen Arto , Pan Fangfang , Rissanen Kari , Jiang Wei
Published: June 2018

Large amplitude conformational change is one of the features of biomolecular recognition and is also the basis for allosteric effects and signal transduction in functional biological systems. However, synthetic receptors with controllable conformational changes are rare. In this article, we present a thorough study on the host–guest chemistry of a conformationally adaptive macrocycle, namely per-O-ethoxyzorb[4]arene (ZB4). Similar to per-O-ethoxyoxatub[4]arene, ZB4 is capable of accommodating a wide range of organic cations. However, ZB4 does not show large amplitude conformational responses to the electronic substituents on the guests. Instead of a linear free-energy relationship, ZB4 follows a parabolic free-energy relationship. This is explained by invoking the influence of secondary C–H···O hydrogen bonds on the primary cation···π interactions based on the information obtained from four representative crystal structures. In addition, heat capacity changes (ΔCp) and enthalpy–entropy compensation phenomena both indicate that solvent reorganization is also involved during the binding. This research further deepens our understanding on the binding behavior of ZB4 and lays the basis for the construction of stimuli-responsive materials with ZB4 as a major component.
Les instituteurs à Briançon du xiv e au xix e siècle : un statut précurseur ?
Authors: Blanc-Serra Angélique
Published: June 2018

Le xix e siècle, grâce à la promulgation de lois scolaires, permet une organisation de la fonction enseignante sur le territoire français. Cette fonction était préalablement représentée par une diversité de situations locales, majoritairement peu favorables à la condition enseignante. Or, à Briançon, cette situation apparaît plus enviable : en effet, les instituteurs possèdent déjà un statut suite à l’instauration dans leur région en 1343 d’un régime politique particulier, la République des Escartons. En analysant le statut des instituteurs de Briançon – notamment sur la base d’un fonds d’archives scolaires communal en partie non exploité – l’article décrit les caractéristiques et l’évolution de ces instituteurs tant sur un large empan historique qu’au regard de la situation d’autres instituteurs français. Les résultats de cette étude mettent en évidence les conditions favorables dans lesquelles évoluent les instituteurs briançonnais et montrent qu’une certaine spécificité perdure bien après la Révolution. Cette situation privilégiée est donc le fruit d’un héritage historique mais aussi d’une politique locale qui a toujours promu le savoir comme une des conditions de sa liberté.
Le djihadisme européen, les acteurs, les actrices et la structure urbaine
Authors: Khosrokhavar Farhad
Published: June 2018

Le djihadisme sous l’Etat islamique (2013-2016) a introduit une césure par rapport au passé qui se manifeste en particulier par la diversité des profils des candidats, eu égard au genre (10 % des femmes sur les 5000 Européens qui sont partis en Syrie et en Irak), à l’âge (une fraction d’adolescents et d’adolescentes allant jusqu’à 10 % et plus selon les pays européens), aux classes sociales (une minorité significative de classes moyennes, probablement entre le tiers et le quart), des psychopathes (un nombre beaucoup plus significatif que durant la période précédente 2000-2013), des convertis (entre 8 et 20 % selon les pays européens)… Cette diversité d’acteurs et d’actrices n’existait pas auparavant. Des zones urbaines spécifiques (surtout les banlieues, les quartiers enclavés et pauvres peuplés de migrants, mais aussi une minorité de quartiers de classes moyennes) donnent l’image de « l’urbain djihadogène » en Europe. La constitution d’un Etat apocalyptique (Daech), la mise en œuvre de technique de pointe pour amadouer les jeunes sur la Toile ainsi que l’absence d’utopie et de vocation dans les sociétés européennes ont été à l’origine de cet engouement. Jihadism under the Islamic State (2013-2016) has introduced a break with the past, which manifests itself in particular by the diversity of the profiles of the candidates, with regard to gender (10 % of women out of the 5,000 Europeans who left for Syria and Iraq), age (a fraction of teenagers up to 10 % or more depending on European countries), social classes (a significant minority of middle classes, probably between one third and quarter), psychopaths (a much more significant number than in the previous period 2000-2013), converts (between 8 and 20 % depending on the European countries)... This diversity of actors did not exist before. Specific urban areas (especially the suburbs, remote and poorly populated neighborhoods of migrants, but also a minority of middle-class neighborhoods) give the image of the “jihadogenic urban structure” in Europe. The constitution of an apocalyptic State (Daech), the implementation of cutting-edge technology to coax young people on the Web and the lack of utopia and calling in European societies have been at the origin of this craze.
Pas d’essence dans nos salades ! La « raffinerie baladeuse » de la région lyonnaise (1970-1973)
Authors: Frioux Stéphane
Published: June 2018

L’histoire de la naissance de l’environnement comme catégorie de l’action publique en France ne relève pas seulement d’une approche technocratique issue des hautes sphères de l’aménagement. En utilisant les archives laissées par une mobilisation de la population, encadrée et relayée par des élus locaux, contre un projet de raffinerie en région lyonnaise, il est possible de montrer comment plusieurs visions de l’aménagement du territoire ont coexisté et se sont affrontées. Dans un contexte où la croissance économique n’est pas remise en cause en elle-même, c’est la défense de la vocation agricole ou du potentiel touristique et récréatif du territoire qui motive les arguments contre la raffinerie. Ces mobilisations locales auront raison à la fois de l’industrialisme des préfets et des velléités de l’entreprise pétrolière, avant que la crise pétrolière et les mutations des structures de production ne rendent caduc le projet d’implantation.
Israël à l'avant-garde des contournements du droit d'asile ?
Authors: Havkin Shira
Published: June 2018

Alors que face à la malnommée « crise migratoire », les pays du Nord ne cessent d’explorer les moyens de restreindre le droit à une protection des migrants et migrantes en quête d’asile, il est intéressant d’observer les stratégies imaginées par l’État israélien pour éviter l’installation de réfugiés, un statut qu'il ne reconnaît d'ailleurs pas, tout en s’arrangeant avec le cadre juridique d’un État libéral et avec la loi internationale.
(In)justice sur le tarmac
Authors: Bisiaux Sophie-Anne , Doisy Marine
Published: June 2018

La privation de liberté des personnes dont l'entrée sur le territoire français a été refusée est juridiquement encadrée depuis 1992. Pour autant, peut-on parler de justice dans ces « zones » où sont enfermés les étrangers en « attente » d'être expulsés ? L'observation de plusieurs audiences, devant le juge des libertés et de la détention notamment, pose question quant à l'exercice des droits de la défense et à l'office du juge. Dès lors que le justiciable est étranger, tout semble concourir à une justice d'« abattage ».
Specters of Arendt
Authors: De Jongh Maurits , Fougère Marianne
Published: June 2018

Resume La menace de la domination totalitaire, la résurgence des nationalismes et de la xénophobie, les revendications religieuses dans des sociétés sécularisées, l’importance d’institutions politiques et légales robustes : tels sont les principales questions qui traversent – ou les spectres qui hantent – la pensée politique, ancrée dans le 20 e siècle, d’Hannah Arendt. Cette introduction offre un aperçu de la manière dont les contributeurs à ce dossier montrent la pertinence des réflexions arendtiennes pour s’affronter à des enjeux devenus saillants au 21 e siècle, de la dette souveraine de l’Union Européenne et la crise des réfugiés à la présidence de Trump et au Brexit. Les auteurs ont recours aux travaux d’Arendt tout à la fois pour aborder des sujets de préoccupation pressants et combler des lacunes dans l’interprétation universitaire de l’oeuvre d’Arendt. Ce dossier s’adresse tout autant aux politistes, aux philosophes et aux historiens qu’aux lecteurs intrigués par le rôle d’Arendt en tant qu’universitaire et intellectuelle publique.
Time, Action and Narrative in Nietzsche and Arendt
Authors: Benhabib Seyla
Published: June 2018

Resume Les réflexions qu’Arendt consacre au vouloir dans le second volume du tryptique inachevé La vie de l’esprit , publié à titre posthume, n’ont pas reçu toute l’attention qu’elles méritent. Particulièrement digne d’intérêt est la manière dont Arendt s’affronte à la philosophie nietzschéenne de la volonté. Pour Arendt, Nietzsche introduit une nouvelle perspective sur la volonté en affirmant que son énigme émerge des dilemmes posés à un moi choisissant mais incapable de surmonter l’incapacité de la volonté de « vouloir en arrière », ce que Nietzsche identifie au travers du « mythe de l’éternel retour ». J’étudie ensuite pourquoi et comment, selon Arendt, la lecture que livre Heidegger de Nietzsche est fondamentale pour comprendre les propres opinions politiques d’Heidegger après 1935. Arendt s’engage dans une analyse détaillée du glissement opéré par le philosophe entre ses deux volumes dédiés à Nietzsche et conclut qu’aucun des deux penseurs nous permet de penser depuis le point de vue de l’acteur moral et politique. Quand ils considèrent le vouloir tous deux raisonnent en effet de manière spéculative et non depuis la perspective du moi agissant et décidant. Arendt, au contraire, souhaite rendre justice à « la dignité du politique » en déployant « un modèle narratif de l’action » qui envisage le vouloir depuis la perspective de l’agent moral et du citoyen politique.
The Depoliticization of the Political
Authors: Barbi Guido Niccolò
Published: June 2018

Resume Ces dernières années, nombreuses ont été les voix à s’élever contre l’entrave que constitue la délégation croissante des décisions politiques à des experts vis-à-vis de la politique démocratique : le choix démocratique libre et illimité fait face à des restrictions économiques contraignantes. Cet article s’affronte à un tel sujet d’inquiétude au travers de la discussion de la conception arendtienne de la relation entre vérité et opinions au sein de la sphère politique. Ainsi, il démontre que, contrairement aux récits habituels, ce n’est pas tant le biais idéologique ou économique de l’expertise mais bien plutôt la logique interne de celle-ci qui conduit à la dépolitisation croissante des décisions politiques. En percevant le monde par le prisme des seuls aspects imposés par l’expertise, nous formons de moins en moins nos opinions et contribuons, en ce sens, à mettre en danger la politique démocratique. Ou, dit autrement, la délégation généralisée du pouvoir aux experts risque d’établir des « aspects » privilégiés au travers desquels appréhender le monde, freinant de fait la formation libre d’opinions puisque celle-ci n’est possible qu’à la seule condition de percevoir le monde sous une pluralité d’aspects.
Solidarity without Sentimentality
Authors: Sharon Assaf
Published: June 2018

Resume Bien que Hannah Arendt n’a pas déployé une théorie de la solidarité, de nombreux commentaires disséminés tout au long de ses écrits éclairent de manière singulière le concept de solidarité. Arendt, en effet, nous met en garde contre l’injection, dans la solidarité politique, de ces notions sentimentales que sont l’amour et la pitié. Cet article analyse la critique arendtienne de ces idées et des conceptions de la solidarité qui sont articulées autour d’elles. Plus précisément, il esquisse une approche alternative, issue de la perspective arendtienne, qui substitue à la fondation sentimentale de la solidarité une conception adéquate des intérêts communs aux individus vivant ensemble dans une société politique.
Les dérives de la philosophie décorative. Postmodernisme, poststructuralisme, posthumanisme
Authors: Vandenberghe Frédéric
Published: June 2018

L’article passe en revue la pensée de l’« après-soixante-huit ». La philosophie « post » (postmoderne, poststructuraliste, posthumaniste) opère par textualisation, déconstruction et politicisation de la réalité. L’article présente une vision panoramique et critique de la pensée postmoderne et des Studies  ; du constructivisme et des  Science Studies  et du posthumanisme et des techno-sciences.
Au-delà de tout soupçon
Authors: Robertson Fabien
Published: June 2018

Il y a une logique du soupçon qui est inhérente à tout travail de pensée, et qui consiste à dévoiler les apparences pour se défaire de l’emprise qu’elles peuvent exercer sur nous. Mais cette logique peine à rendre compte du réel comme de l’ensemble des possibilités de la vie de l’esprit. Au-delà d’une pensée du dévoilement et de l’emprise, il faut en revenir à une pensée qui donne, et ce particulièrement dans la considération des affaires humaines.
Capitalisme, critique et liberté sociale
Authors: Honneth Axel , Curty Gaël
Published: June 2018

Dans ces deux entretiens, Axel Honneth esquisse les modalités formelles, contenus normatifs et justifications normatives de la critique du capitalisme qu’il a développés dans son livre Le Droit de la liberté . Après avoir succinctement défini sa conception de la société de marché capitaliste, il présente sa méthode de reconstruction normative et les modalités formelles de sa critique du capitalisme. Il établit ensuite son diagnostic critique et propose des solutions aux évolutions normatives négatives du capitalisme, puis conclut enfin par une discussion et une justification de l’idéal normatif de liberté sociale au fondement de sa théorie.
Sur l’enseignement de la philosophie au lycée
Authors: Bornhausen Stéphane
Published: June 2018

L’enseignement de la philosophie, tel qu’il est pratiqué en France dans les classes de Terminale, est très déroutant pour les élèves qui préparent l’épreuve du baccalauréat. La vocation de cet enseignement était de développer l’esprit critique chez l’élève. Cette intention, louable en soi, devient suspecte à partir du moment où la critique devient de l’hypercriticisme, c’est-à-dire un exercice convenu et rhétorique.
The Economic and Social Bases of Urban Credit
Authors: Carvajal David
Published: June 2018

À la fin du XV e siècle, Valladolid devient l’une des grandes cités de Castille à la fois du fait de son dynamisme économique propre et de la présence et de l’activité d’importantes institutions. Ces conditions favorisent l’arrivée de nouveaux habitants ; marchands et artisans désireux de réussir, profitent de toutes les opportunités de ces marchés en plein développement. Le but de ce travail est d’envisager comment les activités de production et de commercialisation, stimulées par l’augmentation de la demande, fondent leur développement sur les avances de crédit privé. En ce sens, l’analyse de la demande et de l’offre de crédit apparaît essentielle. En outre, il s’agira d’explorer les dynamiques du crédit à Valladolid dans les relations personnelles entre débiteurs et créditeurs. Ainsi notre contribution prendra en compte le rôle des liens formels et informels, fondés sur des notions telles que la confiance et l’honneur, comme expression des bases sociales du crédit.
Strasbourg, 1870-1914
Authors: Hatt Thierry
Published: June 2018

Nous présentons ici, à partir de sources cartographiques non encore explorées en nous appuyant sur les méthodes des Systèmes d’Information Géographique, bases de données et fonds cartographiques géorectifiés quelques modalités de la genèse de la nouvelle ville impériale allemande entre 1870 et 1914. La comparaison cartographique quantitative, entre les cadastres de 1840, 1875 et 1880 entre autres permet d’analyser la situation foncière et son évolution au nord de la ville impériale à la veille puis au cours de l’aménagement. Les résultats que l’on peut obtenir par ces méthodes de superposition de plans de dates différentes sont sans commune mesure à ce que donneraient de simples comparaisons visuelles. En 1870, les espaces libérés des contraintes militaires restent soumis aux aléas des inondations, mous mesurons les efforts d’ingénierie pour exhausser le niveau du sol. Ces efforts accompagnent la vente par la Ville des terrains « cédés » par l’armée. A partir d’une base de données, du SIG de ces ventes et de sources inédites associées nous examinons les procédures utilisées, y compris lorsque la Ville n’est pas propriétaire. Cette approche nous permet de dégager une volonté efficace de contrôle en particulier vis-à-vis d’une spéculation privée active.
Alonso Riquelme y la reescritura de La buena guarda de Lope de Vega
Authors: Boadas Sònia
Published: June 2018

Este artículo pretende ahondar en el proceso de composición de La buena guarda de Lope de Vega a través del análisis de las manos y de las anotaciones que aparecen en el manuscrito autógrafo, así como de la relación de las mismas con las dos versiones de la comedia. La vinculación de una de las manos con la compañía teatral de Alonso Riquelme permite establecer hasta qué punto el autor de comedias tuvo un papel relevante en la redacción de la segunda versión de la comedia.
La crise de l’oléoduc Edjeleh-Gabès : Au cœur des enjeux de souveraineté du Maghreb (1954-1962)
Authors: Adjel-Debbich Sarah
Published: June 2018

Alors que les pourparlers franco-libyens (1954-1956) retiennent toute l’attention des pétroliers français, Paris réfléchit à sécuriser l’évacuation du pétrole du Sahara algérien. Après la perte du Fezzan libyen, la France décide de construire un oléoduc transportant le pétrole du gisement d’Edjeleh, situé non de loin de la frontière libyenne, et traversant le territoire tunisien jusqu’au port de la Skhira dans le Golfe de Gabes. La Tunisie est un petit producteur de pétrole, cependant nous verrons que dès 1958, les canalisations d’hydrocarbures qui traversent le pays deviennent aussi un vecteur des intérêts et de la sécurité des approvisionnements énergétiques français et, européens. L’accord franco-tunisien du 30 juin 1958 est rapidement dénoncé par le FLN algérien comme une atteinte à la solidarité maghrébine et un soutien au colonisateur. Certainement l’une des premières crises diplomatiques régionales, l’affaire du pipeline Edjeleh-Gabes, met en lumière les enjeux de souveraineté des diplomaties algérienne, libyenne et tunisienne à l’aune des indépendances.
Understanding Smart City Solutions in Turkish Cities From the Perspective of Sustainability
Authors: Meshur H. Filiz Alkan
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the concept of smart city and its potential solutions to correct urban problems. Smart city practices and solutions have been investigated through the lens of a sustainable perspective. As the general practices in the global scale were examined, particular focus has been directed to smart city practices in Turkey and applicable suggestions have been developed. A number of cities in Turkey rank the lowest in the list of livable cities index. Consequential to the rapidly rising population ratios, the quality of provided services declines; economic and social life in cities are adversely affected and brand images of cities are deteriorated. With the implementation of smart city practices, such problems could be corrected, and these cities could gain competitive advantage over their rivals. The key component of this smart administration is to most effectively utilize information and communication technologies during each single step of this process.
How to Put the Translation Test to the Test?
Authors: van Egdom Gys-Walt , Verplaetse Heidi , Schrijver Iris , Kockaert Hendrik J. , Segers Winibert , Pauwels Jasper , Wylin Bert , Bloemen Henri
Published: June 2018

Reliable and valid evaluation of translation quality is one of the fundamental thrusts in present-day applied translation studies. In this chapter, a thumbnail sketch is provided of the developments, in and outside of translation studies, that have contributed to the ubiquity of quality in translation discourse. This sketch reveals that we will probably never stand poised to reliably and validly measure the quality of translation in all its complexity and its ramifications. Therefore, the authors have only sought to address the issue of product quality evaluation. After an introduction of evaluation methods, the authors present the preselected items evaluation method (PIE method) as a perturbative testing technique developed to evaluate the quality of the target text (TT). This presentation is flanked by a case study that has been carried out at the University of Antwerp, KU Leuven, and Zuyd University of Applied Sciences. The case study shows that, on account of its perturbative qualities, PIE allows for more reliable and more valid measurement of product quality.
Ecological Issues and Public Awareness in Social Media
Authors: Hasdemir Tugba Asrak , Çetin Selçuk
Published: June 2018

We are threatened by global ecological problems, which are affecting living and non-living existence. Turkey is also facing significant ecological issues. However, Turkey's mainstream media do not give wide coverage to the environmental issues and problems. So, environmental organizations have organized some events through Facebook and Twitter. Social media highly contributed to the publicity of environmental issues and problems over the country. In this study, the authors aim to analyze social media policies of Greenpeace Mediterranean in Turkey. For this purpose, Facebook and Twitter contents of the organization are examined by content analysis. Research was conducted for three months between January 1, 2017 and March 31, 2017, and the data was collected daily. In the analysis, they focus on the main lines of the discussions during that period, main points of the communication strategies followed, interaction levels of the organization and the followers, and also the acts and policies to create public awareness. The concluding part of the study is reserved for discussions and recommendations on the issue.
The Challenges and Prospects of Globalized Science Curriculum
Authors: Ojo Ayodeji Temitope
Published: June 2018

The processes of globalization are leading to widespread changes that are impacting on education worldwide. It has affected education profoundly and in a range of ways. However, for such hyperglobalists, there will be an increasing convergence of educational policies and practices worldwide. Global policies are mediated at the national level through differing cultural and historical traditions and thus produce different national policies in response to the same global pressures. Moreover, the implementation of such national policies in schools has the further potential for mediation according to different cultural traditions both between different countries and within a single country. Hence, the need to discuss the challenges and prospects of globalized science curriculum in Nigeria.
A Clustering Approach Based on Cooperative Agents to Improve Decision Support in ERP
Authors: Mesbahi Nadjib , Kazar Okba , Benharzallah Saber , Zoubeidi Merouane , Rezki Djamil
Published: June 2018

Multi-agent systems (MAS) are a powerful technology for the design and implementation of autonomous intelligent systems that can handle distributed problem solving in a complex environment. This technology has played an important role in the development of data mining systems in the last decade, the purpose of which is to promote the extraction of information and knowledge from a large database and to make these systems more scalable. In this chapter, the authors present a clustering system based on cooperative agents through a centralized and common ERP database to improve decision support in ERP systems. To achieve this, they use multi-agent system paradigm to distribute the complexity of k-means algorithm in several autonomous entities called agents, whose goal is to group records or observations on similar objects classes. This will help business decision makers to make good decisions and provide a very good response time by the use of the multi-agent system. To implement the proposed architecture, it is more convenient to use the JADE platform while providing a complete set of services and have agents comply with the specifications FIPA.
Classifying Diabetes Disease Using Feedforward MLP Neural Networks
Authors: Al-Khasawneh Ahmad , Hijazi Haneen
Published: June 2018

Diagnosing chronic diseases is about making accurate and quick decisions based on contradictory information and constantly evolving knowledge. Hence, there has been a persistent need to help health practitioners in making correct decisions. Diabetes is a common chronic disease. It is a global healthcare threat and the eighth leading cause of death in the world. Modern artificial intelligence techniques are being used in diagnosing chronic diseases including artificial neural networks. In this chapter, a feedforward multilayer-perceptron neural network has been implemented to help health practitioners in classifying diabetes. Through the work, an algorithm was proposed in purpose of determining the number of hidden layers and neurons in a MLP. Based on the algorithm, two topologies have been introduced. Both topologies exhibited good classification accuracies with a slightly higher accuracy for the MLP with only one hidden layer. The data set was obtained from King Abdullah University Hospital in Jordan.
Possible Approaches for Character Recognition With Existing Methodologies and State-of-the-Art Techniques
Authors: Welekar Rashmi , Thakur Nileshsingh V.
Published: June 2018

The world started to talk about optical character recognition (OCR) around 1870. Then over another 25 years OCR systems were designed for industrial applications. And now the OCR software is easily available online for free, through products like Acrobat reader, WebOCR, etc. But still the research is on. Do we need to switch direction or introduce new hypothesis are some of the key questions? The purpose of this chapter is to answer the above questions and propose new methods for character recognition.
Transformation of Government and Citizen Trust in Government
Authors: Mahmood Mohamed
Published: June 2018

The continuing erosion of citizen trust and confidence in government has been attributed to a number of factors. This chapter examines the potential role of digital transformation of government in reversing this decline. Based on a systematic literature review, key factors that influence citizen trust and confidence in government as an institution are identified, including citizen satisfaction and expectations, government transparency and accountability, transformation of government, and government performance. The review of the literature also reveals a lack of knowledge and understanding of how transformation of government can influence the growing decline in citizen engagement with government. To address this gap, a conceptual model capturing the key constructs is proposed to support a better understanding of strategies for rebuilding trust and confidence in government administrations through transformation of government.
Promising Practices in Online Training and Support
Authors: Reinhardt Kimberly S. , Elwood Susan
Published: June 2018

With increasing visibility for all educators to meet technology standards, teacher educators must prepare their teacher candidates for the increasing demand for education technology integration in preK-12 and higher education classrooms. Many university faculty, who are responsible for this preparation of teachers, feel unprepared for this challenge, which often pushes them out of their comfort zone. As teacher educators in a small university in Southern Texas, the authors explored specific engagements that serve as preparation of faculty for collaborative, online learning shared experiences and instructional strategy modeling that can enhance teacher candidates' self-regulation skills to integrate technology as they prepare to enter classrooms. As they develop and implement multiple engagements for use within their teacher preparation program, the authors maintain a growth mindset to help improve the quality of their technology interactions and continuously renew their efforts to promote the integration of technology.
Do Investments in ICT Help Economies Grow?
Authors: Samoilenko Sergey
Published: June 2018

A common assumption behind investments in information and communication technologies (ICT) is that of the resultant improvements in productivity. To substantiate this assumption with empirical evidence in the context of transition economies (TE), the authors use time series data sets spanning the period from 1993 to 2008 to inquire into the impact of investments in telecoms on total factor productivity (TFP). Results indicate that the improvements in productivity of the most of TEs in the sample was inconsistent and not based on the increase in the levels of investments and labor. Additionally, the results of the data analysis suggest that the dominant source of growth in productivity is not static, but changes over time. While in an earlier period (1993-2002) of transition, TEs grew based on technological change, it is efficient utilization of the already available technology that became a dominant source of growth in the later (2003-2008) period of transition.
An Overview on Adaptive Group Formation Technique and the Case of the AEHS MATHEMA
Authors: Papadimitriou Alexandros , Gyftodimos Georgios
Published: June 2018

This chapter presents the adaptive group formation and/or peer help technique implemented by various systems so far, and particularly, by web-based adaptive educational hypermedia systems (AEHSs). At first, some concepts about group formation and peer help are described, and a general description of the MATHEMA is made. Subsequently, the overview of the adaptive group formation considers extensively how several systems have implemented this technique so far. A comparative study of the presented systems with the MATHEMA is performed and conclusions are drawn. The systems that implement the adaptive group formation and/or peer help technique are the (M)CSCL, AELS, and AEHSs. In presentation of the adaptive grouping algorithm of the MATHEMA, the following are described: (1) how the priority list is created; (2) how the learners are supported in selecting their most suitable partner; (3) how the negotiation protocol works; and (4) how the peer groups are automatically linked up for a collaboration agreement using a peer-to-peer communication tool.
Citizen-Government Collaborative Environment Using Social Networks
Authors: Abdelghaffar Hany , Hassan Lobna
Published: June 2018

Electronic democracy is a concept which is used in some countries around the world with mixed success. Social networks helped in facilitating democracy and democratic change in several countries suggesting that they could be utilized as an e-democracy tool. This research proposed a new model of how the decision-making process for local governments could be improved via social networks. Quantitative approach was used to investigate how the use of a social network amongst people living in the same suburb could improve decision making on the local level. Findings showed that awareness building, deliberation, and consultation factors could be used to affect the decision making for their local governments.
Learning From Abroad on SIM Card Registration Policy
Authors: Makoza Frank
Published: June 2018

This chapter presents an analysis of policy transfer in the context of a developing country. The case of Malawi was analyzed as an African country attempting to implement a mandatory subscriber identity module (SIM) card registration policy. The study used a qualitative research approach and secondary data including government reports and media reports. The findings showed that the SIM card registration policy was transferred through coercive transfer to meet security standards and international conventions, and voluntary transfer to address local social challenges related to the use of mobile technologies. Despite initiating the SIM card registration process on several occasions, the implementation process was met with constraints related to social, economic, and political factors that affected the policy transfer process.
Framework and Guidelines to Industry Web Portal Business
Authors: Zhou Duanning , Djatej Arsen , Sarikas Robert , Senteney David
Published: June 2018

This chapter discusses a growth framework for industry web portals which present a new opportunity in the internet business. The framework contains five stages: business plan stage, website development stage, attraction stage, entrenchment stage, and defense stage. The actions to be taken and strategies to be applied in each stage are set out. Two industry web portals are investigated in detail. The two examples illustrate the applicability of the proposed growth framework to the real world. The combination of a conceptual growth framework and the application of this conceptual framework to two real-world examples yields a set of guidelines based in large part on lessons learned from the two examples. Thus, this chapter provides a concept-based growth framework and a set of real-world-based guidelines that will very possibly provide a practical benefit to industry web portal business practitioners.
Imaginative play and reading development among Grade R learners in KwaZulu-Natal: An ethnographic case study
Authors: Nehal Mitasha , Rule Peter N.
Published: June 2018

This article argues that imaginative play can fulfil a valuable role in the development of reading among pre-school children. It uses Feuerstein’s Mediated Learning Experience as a theoretical lens and defines the concepts related to imaginative play, focussing particularly on symbolic and dramatic play. Drawing on an ethnographic case study of the reading development of four pre-schoolers, aged between 5 and 6, in their home environments in KwaZulu-Natal, it shows how imaginative play is a generative aspect of early reading in the home. It is through imaginative play that the children were able to make sense of what they had read, transfer it to other contexts and explore its implications in a child-centred way. Imaginative play can take early reading from the realms of print and digital media into those of movement, dressing-up, role-playing, visual and aural stimulation – holistic and integrative ways of ‘comprehending’ the text. The article concludes with a discussion of the challenges and potential pedagogical implications of the research findings.