bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frateuria soli sp. nov. and Frateuria edaphi sp. nov., isolated from greenhouse soil
Authors: Won Miyoung , Heo Jun , Weon Hang-Yeon , Lee Daseul , Han Byeong-Hak , Hong Seung-Beom , Kwon Soon-Wo
Published: March 2023

Two bacterial strains, designated 5GH9-11T and 5GH9-34T, were isolated from greenhouse soil sampled in Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea. Both strains formed yellow colonies and were aerobic, rod-shaped and flagellated. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between 5GH9-11T and 5GH9-34T was 98.6 %. Strain 5GH9-11T showed the highest sequence similarities to

Dyella thiooxydans

ATSB10T (98.1 %) and

Frateuria aurantia

DSM 6220T (97.7 %) while strain 5GH9-34T revealed the highest sequence similarity to

F. aurantia

DSM 6220T (98.3 %) and

D. thiooxydans

ATSB10T (98.3 %). Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strains 5GH9-11T and 5GH9-34T formed a robust cluster with

Frateuria flava

MAH-13T and

Frateuria terrea

NBRC 104236T. The phylogenomic tree also showed that strains 5GH9-11T and 5GH9-34T formed a robust cluster with

F. terrea

DSM 26515T and

F. flava

MAH-13T. Strain 5GH9-11T showed the highest orthologous average nucleotide identity (OrthoANI; 88.5 %) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values (35.5 %) with

F. flava

MAH-13T, and strain 5GH9-34T revealed highest OrthoANI (88.1 %) and dDDH (34.2 %) values with

F. flava

MAH-13T. The orthoANI and dDDH values between strain 5GH9-11T and 5GH9-34T were 87.7 and 33.9 %, respectively. Their major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 8, and the major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1 ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl) and iso-C15 : 0. The major polar lipids of both strains were composed of large or moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified aminophospholipid. Based on these data, strains 5GH9-11T and 5GH9-34T should represent two independent novel species of

Frateuria

, for which the names Frateuria soli sp. nov. (type strain 5GH9-11T=KACC 16943T=JCM 35197T) and Frateuria edaphi sp. nov. (type strain 5GH9-34T=KACC 16945T=JCM 35198T) are proposed.
Perceptions of Saudi psychiatric mental health nurses’ roles in the inpatient mental health care setting
Authors: Alhamidi Sami Abdulrahman , Alyousef Seham Mansour
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study is to investigate the roles of psychiatric mental health nurses during their work experiences in inpatient clinical settings.

Design/methodology/approach

A focus group of 10 graduate psychiatric nurses with more than two years’ practice in inpatient psychiatric settings reflected on their last six months’ work placements and continuous employment. The transcripts and field notes were analyzed through thematic analysis of inductive data.

Findings

Two main themes emerged: management roles and clinical roles. The participants reflected on caring activities and obstacles encountered in fulfilling their professional roles.

Originality/value

Multiple practice issues emerged. The participants perceived that psychiatric nurse specialists are required to perform more caring functions than practicable in the inpatient setting due to an excess of noncaring duties, structural minimization of the caring role and inadequate training. They felt that many of the functions performed were not within their expectations of the caring role of a psychiatric nurse specialist and believed that changes in nurse education and attention to clarification of nurses’ roles might enhance the role they play in patient care.
An investigation on dynamic connectedness of commodity market with financial market during the Russia–Ukraine invasion
Authors: Malhotra Gaytri , Yadav Miklesh Prasad , Tandon Priyanka , Sinha Neena
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This study unravels an attempt to investigate the dynamic connectedness of agri-commodity (wheat) of Russia with 10 financial markets of wheat importing counties during the Russia–Ukraine invasion.

Design/methodology/approach

This study took the daily prices of Wheat FOB Black Sea Index (Russia) along with stock indices of 10 major wheat-importing nations of Russia and Ukraine. The time frame for this study ranges from February 24, 2022 to July 31, 2022. This time frame was selected since it fully examines all of the effects of the crisis. The conditional correlations and volatility spillovers of these indices are predicted using the DCC-GARCH model, Diebold and Yilmaz (2012) and Baruník and Křehlík (2018) models.

Findings

It is found that there is dynamic linkage of agri-commodity of with stock markets of Iraq, Pakistan and Tanzania in short run while stock markets of Egypt, Turkey, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Brazil and Iraq are spilled by agri-commodity in long run. In addition, it documents that there is large spillover in short run than medium and long run comparatively. This signifies that investors have more diversification opportunity in short run then long run contemplating to invest in these markets.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ understanding this is the first study to undertake the dynamic linkage of agri-commodity (wheat) of Russia with financial market of select importing counties during the Russia–Ukraine invasion.
The effects of system frequency responses on security constrained unit commitment in presence of wind-hydro-thermal units
Authors: Hassanzadeh Darani Shirin , Rabbanifar Payam , Hosseini Aliabadi Mahmood , Radmanesh Hamid
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a new system frequency response model with participation of wind-hydro-thermal units to overcome frequency deviations.

Design/methodology/approach

The extracted minimum frequency equation is considered as a constraint in security-constrained unit commitment calculations. Because of high-order polynomials in the frequency transfer function and high degree of nonlinearity of minimum frequency constraint, Routh stability criterion method and piecewise linearization technique are used to reduce system order and linearize the system frequency response model, respectively.

Findings

The results of this paper indicate that by using this model, the hourly minimum frequency is improved and is kept within defined range.

Originality/value

This combined model can be used to evaluate the frequency of the power system following unexpected load increase or generation disturbances. It also can be used to investigate the system frequency performance and ensure power system security which are caused by peak load or loss of generation in presence of renewable energies.
What makes some people habitual entrepreneurs? Decomposing habitual entrepreneurship in the light of Lazear’s theory
Authors: Kurczewska Agnieszka , Mackiewicz Michał
Published: March 2023

Purpose

In spite of the recognised significance of habitual entrepreneurship, enough is not known about the drivers that lead individuals to become habitual entrepreneurs. Drawing from Lazear’s theory of entrepreneurship, this paper addresses the specifics of habitual entrepreneurs in terms of different human capital-related factors, including breadth and diversity of experience and education. This paper aims to elucidate what makes some people habitual entrepreneurs.

Design/methodology/approach

In this empirical study on a broad data set (1,538 surveys), the authors juxtapose habitual entrepreneurs with ex-entrepreneurs who decided to give up and chose a salary job after running their first and only firm. The authors formulate four hypotheses that are tested by using a logit regression to model the probability of being a habitual entrepreneur vs giving up entrepreneurship and choosing a salary job.

Findings

The probability of being a habitual entrepreneur increases with the diversity of both managerial and professional experience, as well as with the breadth of education. In addition, entrepreneurial self-efficacy supports setting up more than one firm.

Practical implications

The findings actualise knowledge of whether habitual entrepreneurs are unique concerning their pools of human capital. They broaden the knowledge of the backgrounds of the decision to start up a business again.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the current entrepreneurship discussion by offering an enhanced understanding of habitual entrepreneurship. The phenomenon of repeatedly engaging in entrepreneurship is a promising source of knowledge that enables us to better understand entrepreneurship. In addition, the authors verify and extend Lazear’s theory to a new group of entrepreneurs.
The competence-based VET curriculum and teaching of work values: the case of Lithuania
Authors: Tūtlys Vidmantas , Daukilas Sigitas , Mičiulienė Rita , Čiučiulkienė Nijole , Krikštolaitis Ričardas
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to explore how the competence-based vocational education and training (VET) curricula facilitate shaping of work values of VET students. It discusses methodological and ideological orientations of competence-based VET in teaching work values and discloses the typical characteristics of teaching work values in the VET system of Lithuania.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative research approach leading to a survey method is adopted to investigate how VET students acquire and apply work-related values and attitudes to work.

Findings

The survey of the VET students has disclosed that students are open to accepting different values of work, including cognitive values, social prestige and altruist values. However, orientation of the VET curricula to and provision of instrumental values lead to relatively weak internalization of the work values related to societal and spiritual dimensions.

Originality/value

The paper provides empirical evidence regarding the implications of the competence-based curricula for teaching students work values in the school-based VET.
Complexity model and Mars colonization
Authors: Harris Wesley L. , Wonglimpiyarat Jarunee
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to discuss the complexities and foresight of Mars colonization. There are many pioneers competing in a space race to Mars, for example, Elon Musk – SpaceX, Jeff Bezos – Blue Origin and Richard Branson – Virgin Orbit. The analyses are focused on the aerospace industry – the process of space adventures to Mars.

Design/methodology/approach

This study offers new methodological approaches – the development of a complexity metric and system innovation mode – to analyze how the complexities relate to the systemic nature of innovation. The complexity metric and system innovation model can be applied in various industries. These analysis tools can help gain insights into the strategies for achieving the diffusion of commercial space.

Findings

The analyses of findings have shown that, despite various attempts among the pioneers in a space race to colonize Mars (Elon Musk – SpaceX, Jeff Bezos – Blue Origin and Richard Branson – Virgin Orbit, among others), the aerospace industry has not yet reached a stage of commercialization. The commercial space to Mars is of low systemic nature at present. Many companies compete in a space race to develop technologies on a proprietary basis. However, the highest complexity level suggests a multinational and intergovernmental collaboration to achieve economies of scale and economies of scope as well as accelerate the process of technology diffusion – successful commercial space for the interplanetary settlement.

Originality/value

The main contribution that shows originality and value of this paper is the development of a complexity metric and system innovation model which can be used to explore how the complexities relate to the systemic nature of innovation and how they relate to the strategies in managing technological innovations. The new methodological approaches can be used and applied to various industries.
Market structure and determinants of the pricing of the fuelwood in the Bono region of Ghana
Authors: Atinga Enoch , Bannor Richard Kwasi , Sarfo Daniel Akoto
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This study aims to examine the market structure and the factors influencing the price of fuelwood in the Dormaa Municipal in the Bono region of Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 200 fuelwood harvesters, 20 wholesalers and 20 retailers were sampled by using probability and non-probability sampling methods. Gini coefficient was used to analyse the market structure, whereas quantile regression was used to analyse the factors influencing the pricing of fuelwood.

Findings

The study results indicated that the fuelwood harvesters’ market is less concentrated, with a Gini coefficient of 0.22, likewise the fuelwood intermediaries’ market, with Gini coefficients of 0.22 and 0.32 for wholesalers and retailers, respectively. The price of fuelwood decreased when sold through the retailer and wholesaler outlets, but the price increased when sold via the end-user outlet. Less smoky fuelwood species attracted higher prices, whereas easy-to-light fuelwood species were sold at lower prices. Furthermore, fuelwood from Perpewa (Celtis zenkeri) and Acacia (Senna siamea) species received the highest prices in the market. It is recommended that fuelwood harvesters establish woodlots with acacia (Senna siamea), especially and Perpewa (Celtis zenkeri), both of which emit less smoke and have high calorific value with fast rotation period. This will ensure fuelwood availability and offer better prices to the harvesters, as such species command high prices in the market.

Originality/value

There is paucity or near unavailability of literature on the market structure and the influence of the hedonic attributes on different quartile prices of fuelwood; the result of this study provides the foundational springboard for future studies on fuelwood marketing.
How to not lose oneself: the case for relational identity in collaborative supply relationships
Authors: Rintala Oskari
Published: March 2023

Purpose

For a long time, researchers have stressed the importance of identity for collaborative supply relationships. Accordingly, it has been proposed that supply relationships may be efficiently managed by establishing a shared collective identity among partners. However, this strategy may challenge the partners' individual distinctiveness and thus lead to adversarial relationship outcomes. In this article, it is argued how and when establishing an intergroup relational identity may be a better choice than building a collective identity.

Design/methodology/approach

The conceptual research is based on an analysis of previous literature. Relational identity theorizing and the theory of intergroup leadership are applied to build on and extend previous views on identity in interorganizational contexts.

Findings

It is proposed that when supply chain actors are subject to identity threats in collaborative supply relationships, such threats are driven by the imbalance of power between or among the parties. Therefore, establishing an intergroup relational identity should be preferred over a collective identity in situations characterized by a high identity threat.

Research limitations/implications

Future studies could support this article's theoretical suggestions with empirical evidence.

Practical implications

Intergroup relational identity preserves the distinctiveness of all parties involved in a collaborative relationship and is based on their individual contributions. Managers could support a collaborative environment and promote a shared vision between or among organizations through appropriate rhetoric.

Originality/value

This study contributes to an understanding of the relational aspects of interorganizational behavior by adapting social psychological theories to this area of research.
Governments' accounts and pandemics
Authors: Jalles João Tovar
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Early evidence suggests that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a sharp deterioration in fiscal accounts worldwide. This paper empirically assesses the fiscal impact of previous pandemics and epidemics.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a large sample of 170 countries from 2000 to 2018, this study relies on Jordà's (2005) local projection method to trace pandemics' short- to medium-term dynamic impact on several fiscal aggregates.

Findings

This paper shows that (qualitatively) similar responses to those observed more recently with COVID-19 have characterized the effects of previous pandemics. While the fiscal effect has been economically and statistically significant and persistent, it varies; pandemics affect government expenditures more strongly than revenues in advanced economies, while the converse applies to developing countries. The author also finds that asymmetric responses depend on whether a country is characterized as a chronic fiscal surplus or deficit type. Another factor that generates an asymmetric fiscal response is the prevailing phase of the business cycle the economy was in when the pandemic shock hits.

Research limitations/implications

This paper's findings provide a lower bound to what the current COVID-19 pandemic will inflict on countries’ fiscal situation. That said, the set of pandemics and epidemics used in this paper are geographically more concentrated and did not affect all countries in such a systemic and synchronized manner as did COVID-19 more recently.

Originality/value

This is the first paper to explore the fiscal side of this type of health-related shocks, as most of the literature has focused on the more traditional macroeconomic effects.
Which attributes of audit committees are most beneficial for European companies? Literature review and research recommendations
Authors: Velte Patrick
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to review 68 archival studies on the impact of audit committees (ACs) on firms’ consequences [(non)financial reporting, performance and audit quality] in European firms.

Design/methodology/approach

Applying a stakeholder agency-theoretical framework, the author differentiates between three categories of AC variables: presence; composition; and resources, incentives and diligence.

Findings

The author finds that AC composition, (non)financial reporting and audit quality are dominant in the literature review. Other inputs or outputs are either too low in amount or yielded heterogeneous results, hindering clear tendencies. However, there are indications that financial expertise is positively related to financial reporting and audit quality, in line with agency theory and European regulatory assumptions.

Research limitations/implications

In the discussion of potential future research, the author emphasizes, among others, the need for the recognition of innovative and sustainable AC variables, inclusion of moderator and especially mediator variables and reaction to endogeneity concerns by advanced regression models.

Practical implications

As the European Commission currently discusses extended regulations on AC duties and composition, this literature review highlights the huge impact of financial expertise on financial reporting and audit quality. In view of the increased monitoring duties of sustainability reporting, both business practices and regulatory bodies should increase the sustainability expertise of ACs.

Originality/value

This analysis makes useful contributions to prior research by focusing on attributes of AC and their impact on firms’ outputs in the European capital market, based on a differentiation between mandatory one-tier/two-tier systems and the choice model. The findings support the promotion of European evidence-based regulations, such as the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive and the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive.
Redefining investors' goals in the post–normal world
Authors: Milovidov Vladimir Dmitrievich
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The purpose of the article is to show the changing behavior of investors in the post-pandemic period, the continued development of “emotional communities” in the financial market, as well as the factors contributing to their formation and the role of such communities in the elaboration of investors' decisions.

Design/methodology/approach

The research includes an analysis of the popularity of various terms searched in the US segment of Google in the financial category from 2004 to 2022, their correlation with financial market indicators and theoretical observations around these data.

Findings

The results obtained by the author allow him to draw the following conclusions: (1) the change in investors' behavior indicates the formation of the new distributed community-centric model of the financial market; (2) the main distinguishing feature of the behavior of many retail investors is gamification; (3) the networking of investors contributes to a significant change in their priorities in the elaboration of investment decisions; (4) the fundamental indicators of the financial market play an ever decreasing role in the decision-making of individual investors.

Originality/value

To the best of the author's knowledge, the formation of emotional communities of investors and their role in the elaboration of mass investor decisions is not widely covered in the literature. The paper develops a framework for further studies on the role of emotional communities in the financial market and in changing behavior of retail investors.
Global South research priorities for neighbourhood sustainability assessment tools
Authors: Asaad Moureen , Farouk Hassan Ghada , Elshater Abeer , Afifi Samy
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Several initiatives have taken part in the sustainability assessment tools, especially on the neighbourhood scale. These tools have been developed as neighbourhood sustainability assessment tools (NSATs) in global and local settings. Despite the widespread use of NSATs over the last two decades, research on NSATs in Global South cities is currently limited. This review article synthesizes literature themes and provides research priorities for NSATs.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper presents a systematic review of 48 research articles on NSATs in cities of the Global South, conducted and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. A thematic synthesis of 18 articles was reviewed using content analysis to provide a thematic classification and research priorities that outline approaches and actions for implementation.

Findings

The results revealed five themes of NSATs for research tackling cities in the Global South, with one dominant theme related to case study-based frameworks and tools. The findings indicate a high level of affiliation contribution and research content focus within the Asian continent compared to the African continent and MENA region.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the bibliometric analysis of where the current body of research stands in NSATs. The added value highlights research priorities based on themes, spatial regions and tools.
Hypothesized model of the relationship between affective behaviour, emotional intelligence and success of out-of-school youths in cell phone maintenance enterprise
Authors: Bakare Jimoh , Ohanu Ifeanyi Benedict , Shodipe Taiwo Olabanji
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Many youths are out-of-school with few having the basic sustainable skills to earn a living. Some of the engaged ones have interpersonal relationship and other problems that can sustain the successes of their business. Therefore, this study is set to investigate the relationship between affective behaviour, emotional intelligence and success of out-of-school youths in cell phone maintenance enterprise.

Design/methodology/approach

Purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. Of the total, 350 out-of-school youths who are engaged in cell phone maintenance enterprise in computer village Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria, were used as a sample, but 292 samples with completely filled research instrument were used for the study. Data collected were validated through the principal component analysis and the hypothesis tested through the confirmatory factor analysis using AMOS and SPSS.

Findings

The result of the study showed that affective behaviour and social skills do not necessarily predict but self-motivation predicts the career success of out-of-school youths in cell phone maintenance enterprise. Self-awareness, emotional regulation, social awareness and emotional receptivity significantly influence affective behaviour towards success in their chosen career.

Practical implications

This study enhances the cell phone maintenance association or group to adopt the participation of on-the-job training of their members to help them build good relationship and self-esteem. The training will improve their emotional intelligence and further enhance the creation of a formidable emotional intelligent workplace team.

Social implications

The study affirms that the constructs of emotional intelligence are predictors of career success among out-of-school cell phone maintenance. It boosts their moral and psychological behaviours towards building good customer relationship which culminates into success in their career area. This study also motivates the out-of-school youths that success is multifaceted that involves building adequate personal and social relationship within the circle of their co-maintenance personnel and customers.

Originality/value

This study showed that success in any chosen career involves adequate training, inter- and intra-personal relationship and building adequate emotional intelligence to overcome the varying challenges that may be encountered. Also it indicated that personal development in a chosen career is essential and career successes can be built around personal goal orientation rather than building it in circle of people around. The study does not totally neglect social relationship because no man can live and succeed in isolation.
Fatigue test loading method for wagon body based on measured load
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Li Xiaofeng , Ma Yundong , Li Wenquan
Published: March 2023

Purpose

In this paper, the C80 special coal gondola car was taken as the subject, and the load test data of the car body at the center plate, side bearing and coupler measured on the dedicated line were broken down to generate the random load component spectrums of the car body under five working conditions, namely expansion, bouncing, rolling, torsion and pitching according to the typical motion attitude of the car body.

Design/methodology/approach

On the basis of processing the measured load data, the random load component spectrums were equivalently converted into sinusoidal load component spectrums for bench test based on the principle of pseudo-damage equivalence of load. Relying on the fatigue and vibration test bench of the whole railway wagon, by taking each sinusoidal load component spectrum as the simulation target, the time waveform replication (TWR) iteration technology was adopted to create the drive signal of each loading actuator required for the fatigue test of car body on the bench, and the drive signal was corrected based on the equivalence principle of measured stress fatigue damage to obtain the fatigue test loads of car body under various typical working conditions.

Findings

The fatigue test results on the test bench were substantially close to the measured test results on the line. According to the results, the relative error between the fatigue damage of the car body on the test bench and the measured damage on the line was within the range of −16.03%–27.14%.

Originality/value

The bench test results basically reproduced the fatigue damage of the key parts of the car body on the line.
Peer teachers taking the lead in classroom instruction: program creation and challenges faced
Authors: Lowe M. Sara , Stone Sean M. , Macy Katharine V.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This paper discusses a program to train undergraduate students as near peer teachers delivering course-embedded information literacy instruction to undergraduate students.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach involved the development and delivery of a curriculum combining information literacy concepts and teaching pedagogy. Significant student feedback was gathered which determined the final program structure.

Findings

While the curriculum was successful in developing students' information literacy competencies and pedagogical skills, stakeholder buy-in and the COVID-19 pandemic hindered the program. Additionally, the goal of the program – solo student teaching, was not realized.

Originality/value

Peer teaching is widely implemented in many disciplines; however, its application in academic libraries has focused more on peer reference, rather than peer teaching. This case study adds to the body of literature on this topic related to student peer teaching in academic libraries.
Developing customer engagement through communication consistency and channel coordination
Authors: Sicilia María , Palazón Mariola
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This study aims to understand how integration efforts at both communication and channel levels can foster customer engagement behavior in the retail sector from the perspective of employees.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected through 231 face-to-face questionnaires completed by frontline employees in shopping centers. A structural equation modeling approach was applied to test the proposed hypotheses.

Findings

The results highlight the importance of integration efforts as external stimuli for enhancing employees’ perceptions about customer engagement behavior. Findings extend the stimulus-organism-response model by predicting responses that go beyond employees’ behavior to predict customer engagement behavior. Results also confirm the mediating role of attitudes toward marketing communications and synergy realization in the proposed model.

Practical implications

Retailers should integrate their multiple channels and operate consistently and in coordination through them to develop employees’ perceptions about customer engagement behavior. Managers should regularly collect information from their employees as they represent an important touchpoint in omnichannel retailing.

Originality/value

There is a gap in the omnichannel retailing literature regarding how integration efforts at a communication level may complement integration efforts at a channel level for developing customer engagement. This study addresses this gap by adopting a novel perspective using frontline employees as a source of information for assessing customer engagement behavior. It extends knowledge about how customer engagement behavior may be developed and strengthened from the employees’ point of view.
The effects of crop type, landscape composition and agroecological practices on biodiversity and ecosystem services in tropical smallholder farms
Authors: Vogel Cassandra , Poveda Katja , Iverson Aaron , Boetzl Fabian A. , Mkandawire Tapiwa , Chunga Timothy L. , Küstner Georg , Keller Alexander , Bezner Kerr Rachel , Steffan‐Dewenter Ingolf
Published: March 2023

In the tropics, smallholder farming characterizes some of the world's most biodiverse landscapes. Agroecology as a pathway to sustainable agriculture has been proposed and implemented in sub‐Saharan Africa, but the effects of agricultural practices in smallholder agriculture on biodiversity and ecosystem services are understudied. Similarly, the contribution of different landscape elements, such as shrubland or grassland cover, on biodiversity and ecosystem services to fields remains unknown.

We selected 24 villages situated in landscapes with varying shrubland and grassland cover in Malawi. In each village, we assessed biodiversity of eight taxa and ecosystem services in relation to crop type, shrubland and grassland cover and the number of agroecological pest and soil management practices on smallholder's fields of different crop types (bean monoculture, maize‐bean intercrop and maize monoculture).

Increasing shrubland cover altered carabid and soil bacteria communities. Carabid abundance increased in maize but decreased in intercrop and bean fields with increasing shrubland cover. Carabid abundance and richness and wasp abundance increased with soil management practices. Carabid, spider and parasitoid abundances were higher in bean monocultures, but this was modulated by surrounding shrubland cover. Natural enemy abundances in beans were especially high in landscapes with little shrubland, possibly leading to lower bean damage in monocultures compared to intercropped fields, whereas maize monocultures had higher damage. In maize, grassland cover and pest management practices were positively related to damage. Carabid abundance was higher fields with high bean damage, and increased carabid richness in fields with high maize damage. Parasitoid abundance was negatively associated with bean damage.

Synthesis and application. Our results suggest that maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services on smallholder farms is not achievable with a ‘one size fits all’ approach but should instead be adapted to the landscape context and the priorities of smallholders. Shrubland is important to maintain carabid and soil bacterial diversity, but legume cultivation beneficial to natural enemies could complement pest management in landscapes with a low shrubland cover. An increased number of agroecological soil management practices can lead to improved pest control while the effectiveness of agroecological pest management practices needs to be re‐evaluated.
Different assembly mechanisms of leaf epiphytic and endophytic bacterial communities underlie their higher diversity in more diverse forests
Authors: Yang Xian , Wang Pandeng , Xiao Bowen , Xu Qianna , Guo Qiang , Li Shao‐peng , Guo Lulu , Deng Meifeng , Lu Jianbo , Liu Lingli , Ma Keping , Schmid Bernhard , Jiang Lin
Published: March 2023

Plant microbiomes are known to influence host fitness and ecosystem functioning, but mechanisms regulating their structure are poorly understood.

Here, we explored the assembly mechanisms of leaf epiphytic and endophytic bacterial communities using a subtropical forest biodiversity experiment.

Both epiphytic and endophytic bacterial diversity increased as host tree diversity increased. However, the increased epiphytic diversity in more diverse forests was driven by greater epiphytic diversity (i.e. greater α‐diversity) on individual trees, whereas the increased endophytic diversity in more diverse forests was driven by greater dissimilarity in endophytic composition (i.e. greater β‐diversity) among trees. Mechanistically, responses of epiphytes to changes in host diversity were consistent with mass effects, whereas responses of endophytes were consistent with species sorting.

Synthesis. These results provided novel experimental evidence that biodiversity declines of plant species will lead to biodiversity declines of plant‐associated microbiomes, but the underlying mechanism may differ between habitats on the plant host.
Biological Flora of Britain and Ireland: Liparis loeselii
Authors: Jacquemyn Hans , Pankhurst Tim , Jones Peter S. , Brys Rein , Hutchings Michael J.
Published: March 2023

This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich. (Fen Orchid) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of Britain and Ireland: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, and history and conservation.

Liparis loeselii is a small terrestrial orchid that has a circumboreal distribution and is widespread in Europe and North America. Despite its wide distribution, the species is locally rare and has declined considerably in most of its range. In Britain, the species has a disjunct distribution and is now known to occur consistently at only six sites in eastern England and three in south Wales. It is absent from Ireland. Its most characteristic habitats in Britain are inland fens and coastal dune slacks, but outside Britain it can also be found in wet meadows, marshes, forested seep springs, at lake borders or on mats of floating peat.

Populations of Liparis loeselii in dune slacks tend to be short‐lived, and can rapidly increase in size or decrease and disappear as environmental conditions change. The species does not tolerate high nutrient concentrations or low pH. It is susceptible to drought, which reduces seed germination, seedling recruitment and adult survival. Heavy predation by rabbits and rodents has been observed under drought conditions.

Liparis loeselii reproduces both by sexual reproduction, and by vegetative propagation through the production of pseudobulbs. Although flowers are accessible to insects, entomophilous pollination is unusual, and most sexual reproduction is the result of selfing. Fruits ripen late in the growing season (mid‐October) and the dust‐like seeds are dispersed during winter by wind and water. Germination occurs during the following growing season and is supported by a wide variety of mycorrhizal fungi.

Since the late 19th century Liparis loeselii has declined considerably in Britain and elsewhere in Europe, primarily due to habitat destruction and loss, natural succession, and habitat desiccation due to drainage. As a result, the species has been listed as endangered in the Bern Convention and the European Habitat Directive (92/43/EEC) and is the focus of intensive conservation efforts in many countries. Restoration of habitat by mowing, extensive grazing and peat removal, and the creation of new habitat by dune slack formation in dune systems and peat removal in fens may prolong population persistence and promote establishment of new populations.
Prussian Blue: Chemistry, Commerce, and Colour in Eighteenth‐Century Paris
Authors: Guichard Charlotte , Le Hô Anne‐Solenn , Williams Hannah
Published: March 2023

This essay reconsiders the story of a pigment. Prussian blue, discovered at the beginning of the eighteenth century, is often described as a revolutionary colour that instantly transformed painters’ palettes and practices. Grounded in a ‘thick description’ of the pigment's history in Paris, this article challenges the legendary account of Prussian blue through a more granular retelling of its development. It reconstructs the chaîne opératoire of Prussian blue through the laboratories of chemists, the factories of manufacturers, the shops of colour merchants, and the studios of artists. Emphasizing the intersections between the worlds of art, chemistry, and commerce, this essay points to the pigment's transformative impact in the larger history of artists’ materials as a scientifically created and commercially marketed product. Shedding new light on the history of Prussian blue, this study also offers an interdisciplinary methodological approach to artists’ materials through art history, social history, and conservation science.
Indigenous Dispossession and Settler Colonial Art Galleries: Anguish at the National Gallery of Victoria
Authors: Nichols Kate
Published: March 2023

Histories of settler colonial art galleries have tended to present these institutions as distant attempts to replicate British models. This essay argues that settler/Indigenous interactions, and the violent dispossession of Indigenous peoples, were fundamental to the formation of settler colonial art galleries, through a case study of the 1880s acquisition and reception of Danish painter A. F. A. Schenck's Anguish (1878) at the National Gallery of Victoria (NGV) in Melbourne, on unceded land of the Kulin nation. Examining the career of the NGV's London art adviser, Alfred Taddy Thomson, from the violence of the colonial frontier in the 1840s, to his art advising practice in late nineteenth‐century London, it demonstrates the ways in which frontier violence permeated the formation of British settler colonial cultural institutions. The acquisition and reception of Anguish provides a stimulus to rethink approaches to histories of settler colonial art galleries, and to European paintings in their collections.
Skeleton Keys to Hospital Doors: Adolescent Adults who Refuse Life‐Sustaining Medical Treatment
Authors: Cave Emma , Cave Hannah
Published: March 2023

We consider how the sufficiency of young adults’ autonomy is judged in light of biological, social and psychological evidence that adolescence can continue into the mid 20s. Until then, adolescent adults are prone to developmental immaturity which can affect risk taking, impulsivity, and independence in decision making. Some areas of law are starting to accommodate the impacts of adolescence into adulthood, and this article considers how they do so and whether and if so how the law relating to medical treatment refusals in England and Wales might similarly adapt. We argue that the right to full decision‐making about medical treatment refusals at 18 based on the adult status of the individual should accommodate greater sensitivity to individual developmental attributes and set out three ways in which that might be achieved.
Bacterial and fungal microbiota of mould‐ripened cheese produced in Konya
Authors: Yurt Mediha Nur Zafer , Ersoy Omeroglu Esra , Tasbasi Behiye Busra , Acar Elif Esma , Altunbas Osman , Ozalp Veli Cengiz , Sudagidan Mert
Published: March 2023

Bacterial and fungal diversities of 24 mould‐ripened cheeses originating from Konya‐Türkiye were examined by metagenomic analysis. Firmicutes phylum, Enterococcus, Clostridium sensu stricto and Lactobacillus (Levilactobacillus) genera were the dominant bacteria. Ascomycota phylum and Penicillium and Pichia genera and Penicillium roqueforti and Pichia membranifaciens species were dominant fungi. Enterococcus faecium (n = 30) and Enterococcus faecalis (n = 6) were identified, and all strains were susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, chloramphenicol and linezolid. The highest resistance (n = 14) was against rifampin. Tetracycline resistance was determined in two strains. Biofilm‐forming ability was found in nine E. faecium and 1 E. faecalis. E. faecium strains revealed 40–88.9%, and E. faecalis showed 59.2–100% homology by pulsed field gel electrophoresis.
Risk perception in housing markets: Evidence from a fighter jet crash
Authors: D'Lima Walter , Komarek Timothy , Lopez Luis A.
Published: March 2023

In this study, we investigate the capitalization of flight accident risk in housing prices near military bases in Virginia from 2003 to 2016. We focus on a localized shock caused by a fighter jet crash into an apartment complex near the Naval Air Station Oceana in Virginia Beach. Although flight accident hazards were transparently disclosed by sellers and local governments years beforehand, the crash led to a temporary (approximately 3 years) decline in the prices of properties within accident potential zones (APZ) and by a lesser magnitude, properties slightly outside the APZ boundaries. This analysis sheds light on how market participants react after an extreme event, emphasizing the role of recency in the capitalization of risk.
The effect of therapeutic plasma exchange therapy on veno‐venous ECMO weaning success in severe COVID‐19 ARDS patients
Authors: Aslan Murat , Yılmaz Rabia , Doğan Murat , Çukurova Zafer
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Primarily, this study aimed to investigate the effect of TPE (therapeutic plasma exchange) treatment on successful ECMO weaning in severe COVID‐19 ARDS patients treated with V‐V ECMO.

Methods

The study was applied retrospectively on patients over the age of 18 who were hospitalized in the ICU between January 1, 2020 and March 1, 2022.

Results

The study was performed on 33 patients, 36.3% (n: 12) of whom received TPE treatment. The rate of successful ECMO weaning was statistically higher in the TPE treatment group (without TPE: 14.3% [n: 3], with TPE: 50% [n: 6], p = 0.044). The 1‐month mortality was also statistically lower in the TPE treatment group (p = 0.044). In the logistic analysis, It was found that the risk of unsuccessful ECMO weaning increased 6 times in those who did not receive TPE treatment (OR; 6.0, 95% CI; 1.134–31.735, p = 0.035).

Conclusion

TPE treatment may increase the success rate of V‐V ECMO weaning in severe COVID‐19 ARDS patients treated with V‐V ECMO.
Rewiring the respiratory pathway of Lactococcus lactis to enhance extracellular electron transfer
Authors: Gu Liuyan , Xiao Xinxin , Zhao Ge , Kempen Paul , Zhao Shuangqing , Liu Jianming , Lee Sang Yup , Solem Christian
Published: March 2023

Lactococcus lactis, a lactic acid bacterium with a typical fermentative metabolism, can also use oxygen as an extracellular electron acceptor. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, that L. lactis blocked in NAD+ regeneration can use the alternative electron acceptor ferricyanide to support growth. By electrochemical analysis and characterization of strains carrying mutations in the respiratory chain, we pinpoint the essential role of the NADH dehydrogenase and 2‐amino‐3‐carboxy‐1,4‐naphtoquinone in extracellular electron transfer (EET) and uncover the underlying pathway systematically. Ferricyanide respiration has unexpected effects on L. lactis, e.g., we find that morphology is altered from the normal coccoid to a more rod shaped appearance, and that acid resistance is increased. Using adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE), we successfully enhance the capacity for EET. Whole‐genome sequencing reveals the underlying reason for the observed enhanced EET capacity to be a late‐stage blocking of menaquinone biosynthesis. The perspectives of the study are numerous, especially within food fermentation and microbiome engineering, where EET can help relieve oxidative stress, promote growth of oxygen sensitive microorganisms and play critical roles in shaping microbial communities.