bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control of Ralstonia solanacearum on Selected Solaneceous Crops in Greenhouse by Selected Soil Amendments
Authors: Kago E. K. , Kinyua Z. M. , Maingi J. M. , Okemo P. O.
Published: August 2019

Aims: The aim of this study was to establish the effect of selected soil amendments on Ralstonia solanacearum isolates in greenhouse on selected solaneceous crops.

Study Design:  The study was laid out as randomized complete block design (RCBD) in split pot arrangement for two seasons in the greenhouse.

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out in Kenyattta University situated in Kiambu County about 20 km from Nairobi city along Nairobi-Thika road between July, 2017- September, 2017 and between November, 2017- January, 2018.

Methodology: The three host crops of interest (potatoes, tomatoes and capsicum) were inoculated with prepared pure bacterial isolates; 18 (2T-Kiambu-Low Land), 71(2A-Nyeri-Low Land), 67 (2A-Nyeri-High Land), 83 (2T-Kirinyaga-Highland) and MX (18/71/67/83). Potatoes, tomatoes and capsicum were planted in pots each with a radius of 0.07 m (area 0.015 m2).The experiment had a total of 450 pots having a total area of 6.93 m2. The treatments were ChalimTM, Super-hydro-grow polymer + Metham sodium, Metham sodium, Metham sodium & Orange peel, Super-hydro-grow polymer, Brassica tissues, ChalimTM + Super-hydro-grow polymer, Brassica tissue + Orange peel, Metham sodium + Super-hydro-grow polymer and Control (no amendments).

Results: There were significant differences (P≤0.05) in the bacterial wilt incidences in selected solaneceous crops between control and all the soil amendments used in season 1 and 2. Brassica tissue + Super-hydro-grow polymer was superior in reducing bacterial wilt incidences in selected solaneceous crops  in all the R. solanacearum isolates from Kenyan highlands and lowlands both in season 1 and 2.

Conclusion: Organic and inorganic soil amendments could serve as a viable control of bacterial wilt in solaneceous crops caused by R. solanacearum in the greenhouse.
Methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate inhibits Mycobacterium tuberculosis thioesterase TesA and globally affects vancomycin susceptibility
Authors: Yang Dong , Vandenbussche Guy , Vertommen Didier , Evrard Damien , Abskharon Romany , Cavalier Jean‐François , Berger Gilles , Canaan Stéphane , Khan Mohammad Shahneawz , Zeng Sheng , Wohlkönig Alexandre , Prévost Martine , Soumillion Patrice , Fontaine Véronique
Published: August 2019

Phthiocerol dimycocerosates and phenolic glycolipids (PGL) are considered as major virulence elements of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in particular because of their involvement in cell wall impermeability and drug resistance. The biosynthesis of these waxy lipids involves multiple enzymes, including thioesterase A (TesA). We observed that purified recombinant M. tuberculosis TesA is able to dimerize in the presence of palmitoyl‐CoA and our 3D structure model of TesA with this acyl‐CoA suggests hydrophobic interaction requirement for dimerization. Furthermore, we identified that methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate, which inhibits TesA by covalently modifying the catalytic serine, also displays a synergistic antimicrobial activity with vancomycin further warranting the development of TesA inhibitors as valuable antituberculous drug candidates.
Improvement in the Electrical Properties of Nickel‐Plated Steel Using Graphitic Carbon Coatings
Authors: Mills Christopher A. , Batyrev Erdni , Jansen Maurice J. R. , Ahmad Muhammad , Pathan Tanveerkhan S. , Legge Elizabeth J. , Thakur Digvijay B. , Patole Samson N. , Brett Daniel J. L. , Shearing Paul R. , van der Weijde Hans , Silva S. Ravi P.
Published: August 2019

Thin layers of highly conductive graphitic carbon are deposited onto nickel‐plated steel substrates using a direct photothermal chemical vapor deposition (PTCVD) technique. The coated nickel‐plated steel substrates improve electrical properties (sheet resistance and interfacial contact resistance [ICR]) compared with pristine nickel‐plated steel, which makes it a cost‐effective alternative to stainless steel for steel producers to use in high‐end electrical applications such as energy storage and microelectronics. The coated nickel‐plated steel is found to have ≈10% reduction in sheet resistance and 200 times reduction in ICR (under compression at 140 N cm−2), compared with pristine nickel‐plated steel. ICR is also three times lower than that of a benchmark gold‐coated stainless steel equivalent at the same pressure.
A Facile Microwave‐Assisted Method to Prepare Highly Electrosorptive Reduced Graphene Oxide/Activated Carbon Composite Electrode for Capacitive Deionization
Authors: Lai Yi‐Ting , Liu Wei‐Ting , Chung Li‐Ching , Liu Po‐I , Chang Min‐Chao , Horng Ren‐Yang , Chen Lih‐Juann , Lee Chi‐Young , Tai Nyan‐Hwa
Published: August 2019

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/activated carbon (AC) composites with a hierarchically porous structure are prepared in the presence of ethylene glycol (EG) under microwave irradiation and exhibit excellent electrosorption properties. In this novel microwave‐assisted process, EG plays multiple roles such as solvent, GO reducing reagent, microwave absorber, rGO aggregation preventer, and surface wettability enhancer. In addition, the reaction system can be rapidly heated owing to the high dissipation factor of EG. As a result, GO can be rapidly reduced and in situ uniformly deposited on the AC surface. 3D porous structures can be obtained due to the explosion of the functional groups in GO. Additionally, EG causes electrostatic repulsion between the rGO layers, thereby preventing aggregation and forming a 3D hierarchical structure. Furthermore, the ethanedial that stems from oxidized ethylene glycol interacts with the graphene sheets, enhancing the wettability and conductivity of the composite electrodes, and subsequently increasing the efficiency of the charge‐transfer process. rGO/AC composites electrode fabricated using this process exhibit an outstanding electrosorption capacity of 18.6 ± 1.2 mg g−1, making them an excellent candidate for industrial applications.
Forward to Backward Scattering Ratio of Dielectric–Metal Heterodimer Suspended in Almost Free‐Space
Authors: Sugimoto Hiroshi , Hinamoto Tatsuki , Fujii Minoru
Published: August 2019

A designed nanoantenna exhibiting unidirectional scattering is a promising building block for novel nanophotonic devices. For device applications using nanoantennas, quantitative information on the directional scattering property is indispensable. However, experimental determination of the forward to backward scattering intensity ratio of a nano‐object is not straightforward. Here, a scheme to determine the ratio quantitatively is proposed. A key technology of the scheme is placing a nano‐object on a thin SiO2 membrane. Because of the low refractive index and the small thickness of the membrane, the nano‐object can be treated as being suspended in free‐space. This allows us to use an ideal Mie scatterer such as a spherical silicon (Si) nanocrystal as a reference to calibrate optical setups for the measurements of forward and backward scattering. Using the developed scheme, the directional scattering property of a heterodimer composed of Si and gold nanospheres synthesized by a solution process is investigated. By combining transmission electron microscopy and scattering measurements, systematic studies on the directional scattering property of a heterodimer by changing the size of a Si nanosphere is performed. It is demonstrated that strong Kerker‐type forward scattering is achieved by tuning the resonance wavelength of the magnetic dipole resonance of a Si nanosphere.
Association between body mass index and functional fitness of 9‐ to 10‐year‐old Chilean children
Authors: Maury‐Sintjago Eduard , Rodríguez‐Fernández Alejandra , Parra‐Flores Julio , Garcia Danny E.
Published: August 2019

Objective

This study aimed to determine the association between body mass index (BMI) and functional fitness (FF) in 9‐ to 10‐year‐old Chilean children.

Methods

This was an analytical and cross‐sectional study with a probabilistic sample consisting of 139 children of both sexes. Anthropometric measurements, hemodynamic variables, physical activity (PAQ‐C), and FF (measured by a 6‐minute walk test: 6MWT) were recorded. If the distance walked was <10th percentile, FF was considered low. Means of variables between each group were compared by Student's t test, and Pearson's test was used to determine correlations between variables. Multivariable analyses were performed to identify factors associated with FF with a level of significance P < .05. All these analyses were performed with the STATA 15.0 program.

Results

It was clear boys walked a greater distance than girls (P = .006); overweight subjects had lower physical performance than normal‐weight subjects (P = .035). There was a significant correlation between weight (r = −0.511), height (r = 0.502), BMI (r = −0.352), waist circumference (r = −0.310), neck circumference (r = −0.204), and percentage fat mass (r = −0.310) for distance walked. Overweight (OR 2.06; 95% CI 1.6‐4.8), high percentage fat mass (OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.2‐3.2), and abdominal obesity (OR 1.15; 95% CI 1.1‐1.7) were associated with significantly higher odds of low FF.

Conclusion

Lower performance was exhibited in Chilean children for the 6MWT. Overweight, fat mass, and abdominal obesity were associated with lower FF. This study contributes empirical information to construct normality curves for the Chilean child population.
A comparative study of litter size and sex composition in a large dataset of callitrichine monkeys
Authors: McCoy Dakota E. , Frye Brett M. , Kotler Jennifer , Burkart Judith M. , Burns Monika , Embury Amanda , Eyre Simon , Galbusera Peter , Hooper Jacqui , Idoe Arun , Goya Agustín López , Mickelberg Jennifer , Quesada Marcos Peromingo , Stevenson Miranda , Sullivan Sara , Warneke Mark , Wojciechowski Sheila , Wormell Dominic , Haig David , Tardif Suzette D.
Published: August 2019

In many birds and mammals, the size and sex composition of litters can have important downstream effects for individual offspring. Primates are model organisms for questions of cooperation and conflict, but the factors shaping interactions among same‐age siblings have been less‐studied in primates because most species bear single young. However, callitrichines (marmosets, tamarins, and lion tamarins) frequently bear litters of two or more, thereby providing the opportunity to ask whether variation in the size and sex composition of litters affects development, survival, and reproduction. To investigate these questions, we compiled a large dataset of nine species of callitrichines (n = 27,080 individuals;Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Cebuella pygmaea, Saguinus imperator, Saguinus oedipus, Leontopithecus chrysomelas, Leontopithecus chrysopygus, Leontopithecus rosalia, andCallimico goeldii) from zoo and laboratory populations spanning 80 years (1938–2018). Through this comparative approach, we found several lines of evidence that litter size and sex composition may impact fitness. Singletons have higher survivorship than litter‐born peers and they significantly outperform litter‐born individuals on two measures of reproductive performance. Further, for some species, individuals born in a mixed‐sex litter outperform isosexually‐born individuals (i.e., those born in all‐male or all‐female litters), suggesting that same‐sex competition may limit reproductive performance. We also document several interesting demographic trends. All but one species (C. pygmaea) has a male‐biased birth sex ratio with higher survivorship from birth to sexual maturity among females (although this was significant in only two species). Isosexual litters occurred at the expected frequency (with one exception:C. pygmaea), unlike other animals, where isosexual litters are typically overrepresented. Taken together, our results indicate a modest negative effect of same‐age sibling competition on reproductive output in captive callitrichines. This study also serves to illustrate the value of zoo and laboratory records for biological inquiry.
Reaktionswege in der photokatalytischen Umsetzung tertiärer Alkohole auf Rutil‐TiO2(110)
Authors: Courtois Carla , Eder Moritz , Schnabl Kordula , Walenta Constantin A. , Tschurl Martin , Heiz Ulrich
Published: August 2019

Laut Lehrbüchern sind tertiäre Alkohole inert gegenüber Oxidationen. Die Photokatalyse tertiärer Alkohole auf einem Titandioxideinkristall unter definierten Vakuumbedingungen offenbart unerwartete und neue Reaktionen, die Disproportionierung in ein Alkan und das entsprechende Keton. Im Gegensatz zu primären und sekundären Alkoholen führt die Abwesenheit eines α‐H zu einem C−C‐Bindungsbruch statt der üblichen Wasserstoffabspaltung. Die Bindung zu einer Methylgruppe wird nicht gespalten, wenn sich im Alkohol eine höhere Alkankette in α‐Stellung zur Hydroxylgruppe befindet. Eine Platinbeladung erhöht nicht nur die Reaktionsrate, sondern ermöglicht einen neuen Reaktionsweg: die Bildung molekularen Wasserstoffs und eines langkettigen Alkans, das sich durch Rekombination zweier Alkylspezies bildet. Diese Arbeit zeigt, dass neue synthetische Routen durch Einführungen photokatalytischer Reaktionsschritte möglich gemacht werden, in denen der Cokatalysator eine entscheidende Rolle spielt.
Aryl Sulfonium Salts for Site‐Selective Late‐Stage Trifluoromethylation
Authors: Ye Fei , Berger Florian , Jia Hao , Ford Joseph , Wortman Alan , Börgel Jonas , Genicot Christophe , Ritter Tobias
Published: August 2019

Incorporation of the CF3group into arenes has found increasing importance in drug discovery. Herein, we report the first photoredox‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of aryl thianthrenium salts with a copper‐based trifluoromethyl reagent, which enables a site‐selective late‐stage trifluoromethylation of arenes. The reaction proceeds with broad functional group tolerance, even for complex small molecules on gram scale. The method was further extended to produce pentafluoroethylated derivatives.
Poly(azomethine‐imide)s containing siloxane moities: Optical, thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties
Authors: Kaya İsmet , Kamacı Musa
Published: August 2019

A new series of poly(azomethine‐imide)s having siloxane moities in backbone was prepared using different dianhydrides.Thermal, optical, and morphological properties of these polymers were clarified. Also, bulky CO and CF3group effects and meta or para‐substituted aldeyhde effects on the mentioned properties were evaluated. The structural characterization of poly(azomethine‐imide)s was carried out using a FT‐IR spectroscopy. The optical properties of the polymers were performed via an UV–Vis spectrophotometer. Optical band gap of the poly(imide)s containing azomethine was calculated between 2.20 and 2.33 eV. Thermal behavior of poly(azomethine‐imide)s was also studied using TG‐DTA, DSC, and DMA techniques. The onset degradation temperature and percentage char values of the polyimides were found in the range from 429 to 545 °C and 22 to 35%, respectively. Thermal stability results demonstrated that benzophenone bearing poly(azomethine‐imide)s have higher onset temperature, percentage char, and the glass transition temperature than poly(azomethine‐imide)s derived from hexafluoroisopropylidene. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48364.
Synthesis, antibacterial evaluation, and DNA gyrase inhibition profile of some new quinoline hybrids
Authors: Rizk Ola H. , Bekhit Mohamed G. , Hazzaa Aly A. B. , El‐Khawass El‐Sayeda M. , Abdelwahab Ibrahim A.
Published: August 2019

Antibiotic‐resistant bacteria continue to play an important role in human health and disease. Inventive strategies are necessary to develop new therapeutic leads to challenge drug‐resistance problems. From this perception, new quinoline hybrids bearing bioactive pharmacophores were synthesized. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against nine bacterial pathogenic strains. The results revealed that most compounds exhibited good antibacterial activities. Seven compounds (2b, 3b, 4, 6, 8b, and 9c,d) displayed enhanced activity against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus compared to ampicillin. These compounds were subjected to an in vitro S. aureus DNA gyrase ATPase inhibition study, which revealed that compounds 8b, 9c, and 9d showed the highest inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 1.89, 2.73, and 2.14 μM, respectively, comparable to novobiocin (IC50, 1.636 μM). Compounds 2a–c, 3a, 7c, 9c,d, and 10a,b revealed half the potency of levofloxacin in inhibiting the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. As an attempt to rationalize the observed antibacterial activity for the most active compounds 8b, 9c, and 9d, molecular docking in the ATP binding site of S. aureus gyrase B was performed using Glide. Such compounds could be considered as promising scaffolds for the development of new potent antibacterial agents.
Tuning of the enzyme ratio in a neutral redox convergent cascade: A key approach for an efficient one‐pot/two‐step biocatalytic whole‐cell system
Authors: Ménil Sidiky , Petit Jean‐Louis , Courvoisier‐Dezord Elise , Debard Adrien , Pellouin Virginie , Reignier Thomas , Sergent Michelle , Deyris Valérie , Duquesne Katia , de Berardinis Véronique , Alphand Véronique
Published: August 2019

The efficiency of a versatile in vivo cascade involving a promiscuous alcohol dehydrogenase, obtained from a biodiversity search, and a Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenase was enhanced by the independent control of the production level of each enzyme to produce ε‐caprolactone and 3,4‐dihydrocoumarin. This goal was achieved by adjusting the copy number per cell of Escherichia coli plasmids. We started from the observation that this number generally correlates with the amount of produced enzyme and demonstrated that an in vivo multi‐enzymatic system can be improved by the judicious choice of plasmid, the lower activity of the enzyme that drives the limiting step being counter‐balanced by a higher concentration. Using a preconception‐free approach to the choice of the plasmid type, we observed positive and negative synergetic effects, sometimes unexpected and depending on the enzyme and plasmid combinations. Experimental optimization of the culture conditions allowed us to obtain the complete conversion of cyclohexanol (16 mM) and 1‐indanol (7.5 mM) at a 0.5‐L scale. The yield for the conversion of cyclohexanol was 80% (0.7 g ε‐caprolactone, for the productivity of 244 mg·L
−1·h
−1) and that for 1‐indanol 60% (0.3 g 3,4‐dihydrocoumarin, for the productivity of 140 mg·L
−1·h
−1).
Examining the behavior of crop‐derived antibiotic resistance genes in anaerobic sludge batch reactors under thermophilic conditions
Authors: Gardner Courtney M. , Volkoff Savannah J. , Gunsch Claudia K.
Published: August 2019

The consumption of transgenic crops and their by‐products has become increasingly common in the United States. Yet, uncertainty remains regarding the fate and behavior of DNA within food matrices once it exits the digestive track and enters into wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Because many transgenic crops have historically contained antibiotic resistance genes as selection markers, understanding the behavior and uptake of these transgenes by environmental microbes is of critical importance. To investigate the behavior of free transgenic crop DNA, thermophilic anaerobic batch reactors were amended with varying concentrations of transgenic crop genes (i.e., LUG, nptII, and bla) and the persistence of those genes was monitored over 60 days using quantitative PCR. Significant levels of nptII and bla were detected in extracellular DNA (eDNA). Furthermore, LUG maize marker genes were also detected in the control reactors, suggesting that other crop‐derived transgenes contained within digested transgenic foods may also enter WWTPs. Possible bacterial transformation events were detected within the highest dose treatments at Days 30 and 60 of incubation. These findings suggest that within the average conventional digester residence times in the United States (30 days), there is a potential for bacterial transformation events to occur with crop‐derived transgenes found in eDNA.
Evaluation of the pattern and kinetics of degradation of adalimumab using a stability‐indicating orthogonal testing protocol
Authors: Hassan Lamiaa A. , Al‐Ghobashy Medhat A. , Abbas Samah S.
Published: August 2019

Forced degradation studies are crucial for the evaluation of the stability and biosimilarity. Here, adalimumab was subjected to oxidation, pH, temperature, agitation and repeated freeze–thaw in order to generate all possible degradation products. An orthogonal stability‐indicating testing protocol comprising SE‐HPLC, RP‐HPLC, TapeStation gel electrophoresis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and functional receptor binding assay was developed and validated. The assay protocol was used for the assessment of the pattern and kinetics of aggregation/degradation of adalimumab. SE‐HPLC and DLS were used to show the formation of aggregates/fragments of adalimumab under nondenaturing conditions. TapeStation electrophoresis was performed under denaturing conditions to reveal the nature of aggregates. Results of the receptor binding assay agreed to those of SE‐HPLC and DLS which indicated that it can be used as an activity‐indicating assay for adalimumab. RP‐HPLC demonstrated excellent selectivity for adalimumab in the presence of its oxidized forms. The kinetics of degradation was studied in each case and the results showed that it followed the first‐order reaction kinetics. Correlation between the results supported the quality assessment of the tested product in industrial and clinical settings. This orthogonal protocol is a useful tool in stability assessment of monoclonal antibodies and a key criterion for the biosimilarity assessment.
Mosaic trisomy 20 and mitigation in capital crimes sentencing: A review and case report
Authors: Montplaisir Rose , Lee Erica , Moreno‐De‐Luca Daniel , Myers Wade C.
Published: August 2019

Trisomy 20 is a genetic abnormality in which individuals have an extra copy of chromosome 20. Complete trisomy 20 is rare and believed to be incompatible with life. A mosaic form of trisomy 20, in which only some cells or tissues contain the extra chromosome, is a relatively commonly encountered chromosomal abnormality found during prenatal testing, and c. 90% result in a normal phenotype. However, despite the absence of a consistent phenotype, certain findings have been reported across multiple cases of mosaic trisomy 20. These include an array of morphological findings, developmental delays, and learning disabilities. Beyond physical manifestations, a wide range of developmental and learning delays have also been reported. In this work, we provide an overview of the trisomy 20 literature and a case report of a young adult male with mosaic trisomy 20 who committed homicide. His developmental and life history, eventual diagnosis of mosaic trisomy 20, similarities and differences in his condition compared with prior research findings, and potentially new phenotypic findings associated with trisomy 20 that he manifested (childhood visual hallucinations, self‐injury, polydactyly) are presented. Additionally, the potential role of this genetic diagnosis in his neuropsychiatric history and its successful application as a mitigating factor at his capital sentencing trial are described. We did not identify other similar cases during our search of major scientific and legal databases. As a backdrop, the use of genetics in criminal trials is on the rise, and courts are increasingly likely to accept behavioral genetics evidence; therefore, it is crucial that the legal system is well acquainted with the opportunities and limitations of these approaches.
A Tetrahedral Boronic Acid Diester Formed by an Unnatural Amino Acid in the Ligand Pocket of an Engineered Lipocalin
Authors: Sommer Carina A. , Eichinger Andreas , Skerra Arne
Published: August 2019

Boronic acids have long been known to form cyclic diesters with cis‐diol compounds, including many carbohydrates. This phenomenon was previously exploited to create an artificial lectin by incorporating p‐borono‐l‐phenylalanine (Bpa) into the ligand pocket of an engineered lipocalin, resulting in a so‐called Borocalin. Here we describe the X‐ray analysis of its covalent complex with 4‐nitrocatechol as a high‐affinity model ligand. As expected, the crystal structure reveals the formation of a cyclic diester between the biosynthetic boronate side chain and the two ortho‐hydroxy substituents of the benzene ring. Interestingly, the boron also has a hydroxide ion associated, despite an only moderately basic pH 8.5 in the crystallization buffer. The complex is stabilized by a polar contact to the side chain of Asn134 within the ligand pocket, thus validating the functional design of the Borocalin as an artificial sugar‐binding protein. Our structural analysis demonstrates how a boronate can form a thermodynamically stable diester with a vicinal diol in a tetrahedral configuration in aqueous solution near physiological pH. Moreover, our data provide a basis for the further engineering of the Borocalin with the goal of specific recognition of biologically relevant glycans.
Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary arterial bypass grafting in patients with multi‐vessel coronary revascularization (from the CREDO‐Kyoto PCI/CABG registry/cohort‐2)
Authors: Watanabe Hiroki , Shiomi Hiroki , Morimoto Takeshi , Furukawa Yutaka , Nakagawa Yoshihisa , Ando Kenji , Kadota Kazushige , Tazaki Junichi , Watanabe Hirotoshi , Natsuaki Masahiro , Minatoya Kenji , Hanyu Michiya , Komiya Tatsuhiko , Kimura Takeshi ,   the CREDO‐Kyoto PCI/CABG registry/cohort‐2 investigators
Published: August 2019

Objective

To assess long‐term outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug‐eluting stent only compared with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with triple‐vessel disease.

Background

Selection between PCI and CABG is still a clinically relevant issue in the management of patients with multi‐vessel coronary artery disease.

Methods

Among 15,939 patients enrolled in the CREDO‐Kyoto PCI/CABG registry/cohort‐2, the current study population consisted of 2,193 patients who underwent elective multi‐vessel coronary revascularization including left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) either by PCI with sirolimus‐eluting stent (SES) only (N = 945) or CABG (N = 1,248).

Results

The cumulative 5‐year incidence of and the adjusted risk for the primary outcome measure (a composite of all‐cause death, myocardial infarction [MI], or stroke) were not significantly different between PCI and CABG groups (22.6% vs. 23.0%, p = .40, and HR: 1.13, 95%CI: 0.91–1.40, p = .26). The risk of PCI relative to CABG for all‐cause death and stroke was also insignificant (HR: 1.19, 95%CI: 0.92–1.53, p = .19; HR: 0.89, 95%CI: 0.62–1.27, p = .51). The adjusted 5‐year risk for MI, hospitalization for heart failure (HF), any coronary revascularization and major bleeding was significantly different between the groups (HR: 1.59, 95%CI: 1.10–2.30, p = .01; HR: 1.49, 95%CI: 1.05–2.11, p = .02; HR: 3.70, 95%CI: 2.91–4.70, p < .0001; HR: 0.18, 95%CI: 0.14–0.22, p < .0001).

Conclusions

In patients who underwent coronary revascularization for multiple vessels including LAD, PCI using SES as compared with CABG was associated with a comparable 5‐year risk for death/MI/stroke as well as for mortality, but with a markedly higher risk for any coronary revascularization.
Exploring the Phase‐Selective, Green, Hydrothermal Synthesis of Upconverting Doped Sodium Yttrium Fluoride: Effects of Temperature, Time, and Precursors
Authors: Jannsen Nora , Diodati Stefano , Dengo Nicola , Tajoli Francesca , Vicentini Nicola , Lucchini Giacomo , Speghini Adolfo , Badocco Denis , Pastore Paolo , Gross Silvia
Published: August 2019

The aim of this work was i) to develop a hydrothermal, low‐temperature synthesis protocol affording the upconverting hexagonal phase NaYF4with suitable dopants while adhering to the “green chemistry” standards and ii) to explore the effect that different parameters have on the products. In optimizing the synthesis protocol, short reaction times and low temperatures (below 150 °C) were considered. Yb3+and Er3+ions were chosen as dopants for the NaYF4material. Within the context of the second goal, parameters including nature of the precursors, treatment temperature, and treatment time were investigated to afford a pure hexagonal crystalline phase, both in the doped and undoped materials. To fully explore the synthesis results, the prepared materials were characterized from a structural (XRD), compositional (XPS, ICP‐MS), and morphological (SEM) point of view. The upconverting properties of the compounds were confirmed by photoluminescence measurements.
Cover Image, Volume 76, Issue 5
Authors: Ma Rui , Berro Julien
Published: August 2019

ON THE COVER: The cover image is based on the Short Report Crosslinking actin networks produces compressive force by Julien Berro et al., DOI: 10.1002/cm.21552.

image
Near‐IR and UV‐LED Sensitized Photopolymerization with Onium Salts Comprising Anions of Different Nucleophilicities
Authors: Kocaarslan Azra , Kütahya Ceren , Keil Dietmar , Yagci Yusuf , Strehmel Bernd
Published: August 2019

Iodonium‐ and sulfonium‐type onium salts with counter anions of different nucleophilicities, namely [Al(O‐t‐C(CF3)4)4]−, [(CF3SO2)2N]−, SCN−, CF3‐SO3−, PF6−, and 3,5‐bis(methoxycarbonyl)benzenesulfonate, were investigated in both NIR and UV‐LED sensitized photoinitiated polymerizations at 790 nm and 395 nm wavelength exposures, respectively. The reactivity of the neutral sensitizer Sens1, and the cationic sensitizer Sens2 were examined in combination with the onium salts. The reaction rate was compared with isopropylthioxanthone (Sens3) as sensitizer. The reactivity of the initiating system is proposed to be associated with the conductivity of the salts in acrylate monomers such as tri(propylene glycol) (TPGDA), trimethylol propane triacrylate (TMPTA), and 1,6‐hexane diol diacrylate (HDDA). Salts carrying the [Al(O‐t‐C(CF3)4)4]− anion require new consideration of previously introduced models because the reactivity of the salts does not directly correlate with their conductivities. Rhodamine B lactone quantitatively probed formation of acidic cations between considering the reaction between [(t‐C4H9‐Ph)2I]+[Al(O‐t‐C(CF3)4)4]− and photoexcited Sens2 comprising either BF4−, PF6− or [Al(O‐t‐C(CF3)4)4]−. No significant differences were observed in terms of the reactivity.
Hydrostatic Pressure‐Controlled Ratiometric Luminescence Responses of a Dibenzo[a,j]phenazine‐Cored Mechanoluminophore
Authors: Takeda Youhei , Mizuno Hiroaki , Okada Yusuke , Okazaki Masato , Minakata Satoshi , Penfold Thomas , Fukuhara Gaku
Published: August 2019

Understanding changes in excited state properties under the influence of an external stimulus, such as pressure or temperature, is important in the context of optimizing molecular components for a number of applications including sensors and imaging reagents. Herein, we use UV/Vis absorption, fluorescence and excitation spectroscopies and fluorescence lifetime measurements supported by calculations to probe the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the excited state characteristics of a conformationally‐divergent mechanochromic compound PTZ‐DBPHZ (containing two phenothiazine moieties attached to a dibenzo[a,j]phenazine core) in toluene and methylcyclohexane. We demonstrate that hydrostatic pressure can be used to manipulate the equilibria between excited state conformers. This work provides new perspectives for mechanoresponsive materials and as an attractive alternative to conventional ratiometric sensors.
Reliability feedback–aided low‐complexity detection in uplink massive MIMO systems
Authors: Datta Arijit , Mandloi Manish , Bhatia Vimal
Published: August 2019

Massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) plays a crucial role in realizing the demand for higher data rates and improved quality of service for 5G and beyond communication systems. Reliable detection of transmitted information bits from all the users is one of the challenging tasks for practical implementation of massive‐MIMO systems. The conventional linear detectors such as zero forcing (ZF) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) achieve near‐optimal bit error rate (BER) performance. However, ZF and MMSE require large dimensional matrix inversion which induces high computational complexity for symbol detection in such systems. This motivates for devising alternate low‐complexity near‐optimal detection algorithms for uplink massive‐MIMO systems. In this work, we propose an ordered sequential detection algorithm that exploits the concept of reliability feedback for achieving near‐optimal performance in uplink massive‐MIMO systems. In the proposed algorithm, symbol corresponding to each user is detected in an ordered sequence by canceling the interference from all the other users, followed by reliability feedback‐based decision. Incorporation of the sequence ordering and the reliability feedback‐based decision enhances the interference cancellation, which reduces the error propagation in sequential detection, and thus, improves the BER performance. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms recently reported massive‐MIMO detection techniques in terms of BER performance. In addition, the computational complexity of the proposed algorithm is substantially lower than that of the existing algorithms for the same BER. This indicates that the proposed algorithm exhibits a desirable trade‐off between the complexity and the performance for massive‐MIMO systems.
Exploiting secure performance in power domain–based multiple access: Impacts of relay link/direct link and secure analysis
Authors: Do Dinh‐Thuan , Nguyen Minh‐Sang Van , Hoang Thi‐Anh
Published: August 2019

A new design of secure nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) deployed together with cooperative relaying network is investigated in two modes including direct link and relay link. This paper proposes a mathematical analysis under secrecy considerations of a downlink two‐user NOMA systems. In particular, physical layer security of NOMA is studied in two specific metrics to achieve secure performance analysis such as the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity (SPSC). It should be further explored the situation as the illegal user which is assumed to be eavesdropper at the information level, it attempts to decode the information intended to legal users while NOMA scheme is employed for legal users. The transmission techniques of NOMA equipping relaying architecture (dual‐hop transmission) have proposed due to improving the spectrum efficiency greatly compared with the traditional single‐hop networks. Finally, this study shows the advantages of NOMA over the traditional orthogonal multiple access in the studied problems analytically and numerical analysis is further provided. As important achievement, new exact and closed‐form expressions of the SOP and SPSC are derived, and they will be confirmed by simulation, ie, Monte Carlo simulations are performed to verify the proposed analytical results. Ultimately, the effects of some critical factors are studied on secure performance through these simulation results.
The mycobiome of Australian tree hollows in relation to the Cryptococcus gattii and C. neoformans species complexes
Authors: Schmertmann Laura J. , Irinyi Laszlo , Malik Richard , Powell Jeff R. , Meyer Wieland , Krockenberger Mark B.
Published: August 2019

Cryptococcosis is a fungal infection caused by members of the Cryptococcus gattii and C. neoformans species complexes. The C. gattii species complex has a strong environmental association with eucalypt hollows (particularly Eucalyptus camaldulensis), which may present a source of infection. It remains unclear whether a specific mycobiome is required to support its environmental survival and growth. Conventional detection of environmental Cryptococcus spp. involves culture on differential media, such as Guizotia abyssinica seed agar. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS)‐based culture‐independent identification aids in contextualising these species in the environmental mycobiome. Samples from 23 Australian tree hollows were subjected to both culture‐ and amplicon‐based metagenomic analysis to characterize the mycobiome and assess relationships between Cryptococcus spp. and other fungal taxa. The most abundant genera detected were Coniochaeta, Aspergillus, and Penicillium, all being commonly isolated from decaying wood. There was no correlation between the presence of Cryptococcus spp. in a tree hollow and the presence of any other fungal genus. Some differences in the abundance of numerous taxa were noted in a differential heat tree comparing samples with or without Cryptococcus‐NGS reads. The study expanded the known environmental niche of the C. gattii and C. neoformans species complexes in Australia with detections from a further five tree species. Discrepancies between the detection of Cryptococcus spp. using culture or NGS suggest that neither is superior per se and that, rather, these methodologies are complementary. The inherent biases of amplicon‐based metagenomics require cautious interpretation of data through consideration of its biological relevance.
Sensitive Determination of Acetaminophen in the Presence of Dopamine and Pyridoxine Facilitated by their Extent of Interaction with Single‐walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Yadav Mamta , Ganesan Vellaichamy , Maiti Biswajit , Gupta Rupali , Sonkar Piyush Kumar , Yadav Dharmendra Kumar , Walcarius Alain
Published: August 2019

Single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were immobilized on glassy carbon (GC) electrode by drop casting The resulting modified electrode (represented as GC/SWCNTs) efficiently oxidizes acetaminophen (AC), dopamine (DA) and pyridoxine (PY) by decreasing the respective oxidation potentials and increasing peak currents in comparison to bare GC electrode. The extent of lowering of overpotentials is in the order of AC>PY>DA, in agreement with the order of decrease in the HOMO‐LUMO energy gap (ΔE) of these analytes, as determined from Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. DFT calculations further reveal that due to the interaction of the analytes on the SWCNT(10,10) there is a negative charge density transfer (higher probability of electron transfer, lower ΔE value) to the frontier molecular orbitals of the analytes, which eases their oxidation. Since AC, DA and PY oxidize distinctly at distinct potential values, the present SWCNTs modified electrodes could be used to simultaneously determine them. Cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and amperometry techniques are utilized to understand the electrochemical characteristics of the analytes (AC, DA and PY) and subsequent sensing of them at the GC/SWCNTs electrode. The electrode is then applied to the determination of AC as a case study. Sensitivity, detection limit and linear calibration range for the AC are found to be 7.9 μA μM−1 cm−2, 1.1 μM and 2.0–100.0 μM, respectively. The increased electroactive surface area of the GC/SWCNTs increases the oxidation peak currents and hence increases the sensitivity of the determination.
Voltammetry as the First Method for Direct Determination of a Novel Antagonist of A2A Adenosine Receptors
Authors: Tyszczuk‐Rotko Katarzyna , Sztanke Małgorzata , Sasal Agnieszka , Sztanke Krzysztof
Published: August 2019

In this article, for the first time, the analytical method for determination of a novel antagonist of A2A adenosine receptors (8‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐4‐oxo‐4,6,7,8‐tetrahydroimidazo[2,1‐c][1,2,4]triazine‐3‐carbohydrazide, namely IMT), which can be used as a drug for liver diseases, was presented. For this purpose a commercially available boron‐doped diamond electrode (BDDE) in combination with differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was applied. It was found by cyclic voltammetry (CV) that IMT displays at BDDE, as a sensor, two well‐defined oxidation peaks at potentials of 0.81 and 1.18 V and one reduction peak at 1.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl in 0.1 mol L−1 acetate buffer (pH 4.5±0.1). The oxidation and reduction mechanism of IMT was proposed. The developed DPV method allowed the successful determination of IMT in the range of 0.05–50 μmol L−1 with detection limit equal to 0.0094 μmol L−1 and without any chemical modifications and electrochemical pretreatment of the electrode surface. The proposed procedure allows the determination of IMT in vitro directly from urine samples.
A Fast and Simple Ozone‐mediated Method towards Highly Activated Screen Printed Carbon Electrodes as Versatile Electroanalytical Tools
Authors: González‐Sánchez María Isabel , Romero‐Llapa María Isabel , Gómez‐Monedero Beatriz , Jiménez‐Pérez Rebeca , Iniesta Jesús , Valero Edelmira
Published: August 2019

A facile and effective electrochemical activation method of screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) has been performed using ozone gas. Activated SPCEs showed relevant improvements in the electrochemical properties such as an impedance reduction and better electroanalytical outcomes. Such improved properties were attributed to the increase of the electroactive surface area and the functionalization of the electrode surface with carbon‐oxygen groups onto the carbonaceous ink surface. The optimized activation method consisted in the performance of a voltammetric cycle between −2 and 2 V at 10 mV s−1 in 0.1 M NaOH solution with constant ozone gas bubbling. This activation procedure takes 12 min, which allows its use routinely prior to the electrode modifications and electroanalytical measurements. The resulting activated SPCEs exhibited superior sensitivities towards hydrogen peroxide, acetaminophen, hydroquinone and dopamine. This methodology might be considered as a strategy to attain SPCEs with improved electroanalytical properties for multiple applications.
Energy‐efficient source location privacy protection for network lifetime maximization against local eavesdropper in wireless sensor network (EeSP)
Authors: Jan Naveed , Khan Sarmadullah
Published: August 2019

Wireless sensor networks can be deployed in harsh environments for monitoring purposes. In such environments where there is a lack of human presence, the network may face severe security and privacy issues due to unauthorized access of a powerful attacker. The attacker may exploit the contextual information to locate the position of the asset. We propose a scheme for protecting the location of the source node, which consumes less energy hence maximizing network lifetime. The proposed scheme has the inspiration of black and white regions of the chessboard, which represent sleep and active regions in the wireless sensor network. This alternation plays its role in reducing the total energy consumption along misguiding the eavesdropper from finding the source node location. Our scheme uses dynamic cluster head selection to further add to location privacy. The results show that we have improved the safety period by a maximum of 131% and a minimum of 17% than that of the compared techniques. Similarly, a maximum of 60% reduction in energy consumption and a 20% reduction in latency is recorded by our proposed scheme. These results make our scheme suitable for application requiring high‐safety period along maximizing network lifetime.
Low‐Voltage Oscillatory Neurons for Memristor‐Based Neuromorphic Systems
Authors: Hua Qilin , Wu Huaqiang , Gao Bin , Zhang Qingtian , Wu Wei , Li Yujia , Wang Xiaohu , Hu Weiguo , Qian He
Published: August 2019

Neuromorphic systems consisting of artificial neurons and synapses can process complex information with high efficiency to overcome the bottleneck of von Neumann architecture. Artificial neurons are essentially required to possess functions such as leaky integrate‐and‐fire and output spike. However, previous reported artificial neurons typically have high operation voltage and large leakage current, leading to significant power consumption, which is contrary to the energy‐efficient biological model. Here, an oscillatory neuron based on Ag filamentary threshold switching memristor (TS) that has a low operation voltage (<0.6 V) with ultralow power consumption (<1.8 µW) is presented. It can trigger neuronal functions, including leaky integrate‐and‐fire and threshold‐driven spiking output, with high endurance (>108 cycles). Being connected to an external resistor or a resistive switching memristor (RS) as synaptic weight, the TS clearly demonstrates self‐oscillation behavior once the input pulse voltage exceeds the threshold voltage. Meanwhile, the oscillation frequency is proportional to the input pulse voltage and the conductance of RS synapse, which can be used to integrate the weighted sum current. As an energy‐efficient memristor‐based spiking neural network, this combination of TS oscillatory neuron with RS synapse is further evaluated for image recognition achieving an accuracy of 79.2 ± 2.4% for CIFAR‐10 subset.
Overprinting by episodic mineralization in the Dongyaozhuang gold deposit, Wutai Mountain, China: Constraints from geology, mineralogy, and fluid inclusions
Authors: Liu Yi‐Ping , Zhang Hua‐Feng , Wang Chun‐Liang
Published: August 2019

The Archean volcanic‐sedimentary rocks (greenstones) hosting the Dongyaozhuang (DYZ) gold deposit are situated in the Wutai Mountain, north‐central China. Field geology and mineral assemblages show at least two episodes of mineralization. The first episode features deformed quartz‐pyrite veins filling in the regional foliation (MI, Paleoproterozoic) and can be divided into two stages (MIa and MIb) based on whether the mineralization is accompanied by tourmalinization. The mineral assemblages are mainly quartz + carbonate + pyrite + chalcopyrite (+ tourmaline for MIb); both are cut by deformed barren quartz veins, which represent the final stage of MI. The second episode features undeformed stockworks/veinlets with a mineral assemblage of quartz + carbonate + pyrite + chalcopyrite + arsenopyrite ± native gold (MIIa), crosscutting MI; these ore bodies are also cut through by undeformed barren carbonate and/or quartz veins (MIIb), which represent the end of metallogeny. By integrating the crustal evolution history with ore geology, we suggest that the DYZ gold deposit is a product by overprinting of episodic mineralization rather than a single metallogenic event. For further understanding and evidence in support of this speculation, fluid inclusions and hydrothermal chlorite and biotite were studied to reveal the physicochemical conditions of fluids from various stages, and C‐H‐O isotopes were used to trace the source(s) of fluids. Temperatures recorded in chlorite from various stages C1 (from the MIa), C2 (MIb), and C3 (MIIa) generally agrees with the homogenization temperatures of aqueous type fluid inclusions (FIs) of corresponding stages. Components of FIs from each stage are dominated by water with low salinities (0–12.6 wt% NaCl equiv). The Ib‐1, Ib‐2, and Ib‐s type CO2‐H2O FIs observed from the same deformed quartz vein of the MIb can be attributed to overprinting of hydrothermal fluids. The primary Ib‐1 and Ib‐2 FIs (209–404°C) were trapped at pressures of approximately 2.2–3.7 kbar, representing the formation pressure of the MI stage, whereas the secondary Ib‐s FIs (240–349°C) were trapped at pressures of approximately 0.8–1.5 kbar, which indicates overprinting induced by MII. The C‐H‐O isotope compositions of quartz and carbonates from MIa, MIb, and MIIa can be interpreted to indicate that the fluids were derived from the same source with multistage evolution or to reflect a homogeneous signature induced with overprinting mineralization. According to the geology, mineral assemblages, component of fluid inclusions, and C‐H‐O isotopes, the DYZ gold deposit is likely to be a product of overprinting of an orogenic gold deposit.