bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finding and Counting Difficult to Reach Population Groups in the UK (and other Developed Countries)
Authors: Carr-Hill Roy
Published: June 2018

BackgroundCensuses are meant to provide a complete count and basic information about all households and individuals in a country. After decades of complacency, it has begun to be realised that this can no longer be guaranteed. Several of the presentations at the Edinburgh in March 2018 demonstrated methods which the ONS were developing to resolve many of the problems; but those methods do not solve the problem of those who, for a variety of reasons, cannot or do not want to be counted.

ObjectivesThis paper sets out to document the possible size of the ‘hidden’ populations in the UK and demonstrate that they are predominantly poor.

Methods (including data)Estimates of the numbers are provided (globally and in the UK) in difficult-to-reach categories: homeless/street children, care homes/hospitals, military, prisons, refugees and illegal immigrants, gypsies/travellers, urban slums.With the exception of the military, the majority in each group are poor.

FindingsThe paper then reviews approaches to counting and describing the various categories:

grosso modo, those in institutions can already be headcounted but apart from relevant institutional status, gender and perhaps age, we have no other information about them; but the main problem is that, in many cases, there is potential double counting with their (temporarily) broken household.

for both Refugees/ Illegal immigrants and Gypsy/ Traveller Population, the main problem is the reluctance of the former to complete forms or be interviewed and of the latter to acknowledge their own ethnic identity

in high rise blocks where lifts are not always working, there will certainly be some unsurveyed and uncensored people; and the Grenfell Towers experience shows that there is not always a secure count of the numbers

ConclusionsThe issue of ‘hidden’ or missing populations in the UK has to be taken much more seriously.
Dementias Platform UK (DPUK) Data Portal - supporting multi-modal data analysis, data linkage and real-world outcomes
Authors: Orton Christopher , Gallacher John , Lyons Ronan A , Ford David , Thompson Simon , Bauermeister Sarah
Published: June 2018

DPUK relaunched the Data Portal in November 2017 to present openly available information on the data availability and technical capability of the Data Portal, which supports multi-modal research studies with various objectives from disease model validation to observation investigation.DPUK not only brings clinical data together from cohorts, but is now supporting multi-modal studies in genetics and imaging, as well as linkage opportunities to routine data using world-leading technical solutions to data sharing.The capacity, adaptability and sophistication of the UK Secure eResearch Platform which the Portal is housed on, allows for unprecedented levels of centralised access to rich cohort and routine data, which is consequentially leading to international collaboration and development ambition within epidemiology, bioinformatics, research methodology and technical research solutions.As of March 2018, DPUK is supporting 50 cohorts, 41 from the UK and 9 from across the rest of the world, alongside furthering links and access to routine data held in the UK and across the world. 20 research studies are underway, and the DPUK mission to enhance data science within dementia research is leading the conversation for developing a community of excellence in this field and across other research genres.
Childhood Adversity and Traumatic Disorders: A self-report and Danish linkage study
Authors: Murphy Siobhan , Shevlin Mark , Elklit Ask , Christoffersen Mogens
Published: June 2018

BackgroundAccurate assessment of childhood adversity is fundamental in understanding risk and resilient factors that can inform appropriate intervention and prevention strategies. Different statistical and methodological approaches (e.g., prospective, selfreported data) have been used to assess pathways and outcomes associated with childhood adversity, however, each is limited in a number of ways.

ObjectivesLinking administrative data to population-based studies provides a powerful tool to overcome some of the challenges in trauma research and permits the estimation of temporally ordered models of risk. The current study seeks to assess the effect of childhood adversity on a diagnosis of traumatic disorder (TD).

MethodsData were collected from a Danish national study in 2008/2009. A sample of 4,718 young adults were randomly selected from the birth cohort of children born in 1984. Structured interviews were conducted on 2,980 participants. This data was then linked with parental data (including 4 years prior to birth of child) and a ICD 10 diagnosis of a TD using information from the Danish registries.

FindingsHierarchical regression analysis was used to examine parental risk factors, self-reported child maltreatment, experiencing violence in young adulthood and risk of a TD diagnosis at age 28. Findings indicated the dominant factor associated with TD was self-reported PTSD symptoms at age 24 (OR =3.82); followed by a parental mental health diagnosis (OR = 2.80). Being of female gender (OR = 2.42) and experiencing violence in young adulthood (OR = 1.94) also increased risk of a TD diagnosis.

ConclusionThis study highlights the benefits of incorporating administrative data with self-report data to provide a more nuanced understanding of childhood adversity across different developmental stages. These findings have important conceptual and methodological implications and may be useful in informing future trauma studies.
Building a Pan-Canadian Real World Health Data Network
Authors: Smith Mark , Schull Michael , McGrail Kimberlyn , Katz Alan , Diverty Brent , McDonald Ted , Victor Charles , Lix Lisa , Paprica Alison
Published: June 2018

BackgroundIn December 2017 the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) issued a request for proposals to develop a pan-Canadian health data platform. This platform will enable cross-jurisdictional research by facilitating the use of rich provincial and national data and ensure engagement with patients and specific populations including Indigenous partners. Academics and policy makers from across Canada operating under the banner of the Pan-Canadian Real-World Health Data Network (PRHDN) have joined forces to address this call.

ObjectivesCreate national infrastructure that is built once then made available for research, benchmarking, performance monitoring, multi-jurisdictional evaluations and inter-jurisdictional comparisons to address pressing health and social policy problems in Canada.

MethodsOur approach will address several issues including creating significant efficiencies in data access, streamlining cross provincial/ territorial ethics and access approvals, establishing standards for data and methods harmonization and providing innovative and privacy-conscious solutions to data access and use. The presentation will focus on the plan to create harmonized common data, algorithms and analytic protocols, and link administrative data to electronic medical records and clinical trials to create an integrated and documented infrastructure for pan-Canadian studies. Comparisons to PopMedNet and the Sentinel Initiative in the US will be made.

ConclusionProvincial centres across Canada hold rich sources of health and social data that are linkable at the person-level. With the exception of standardized data managed by the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI), these data are often not comparable from one province to another, thereby limiting use to single-province studies. There is growing interest in Canada in creating an environment that would enable cross-jurisdictional data sharing and analysis’ and in sharing experiences to make effective use of linkable administrative data.
NEPS Starting Cohort 6 survey data linked to administrative data of the IAB (NEPS-SC6-ADIAB)
Authors: Bachbauer Nadine
Published: June 2018

BackgroundNEPS-SC6-ADIAB is a new linked data product containing survey data of Starting Cohort 6 of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) and administrative employment data from the Institute for Employment Research (IAB), the research institute of the Federal Employment Agency. NEPS is provided by the Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories (LIfBi). Starting Cohort 6 of this panel survey includes adults in their professional life, the survey focuses on education in adulthood and lifelong learning. The administrative data in NEPS-SC6-ADIAB consist of comprehensive information on the employment histories.

ObjectivesCombining these two data sources increases for example the information about individual employment history. Overall, the data volume is increased by the linkage between the survey data and the administrative data.

MethodsA record linkage process was used to link the two data sources. The data access is free for the whole scientific community. In addition to a large number of On-site access locations within Germany, there are also international On-site access locations. Including London and Colchester. In addition a Remote Data Access is offered.

ConclusionsThis data linkage project is very innovative and creates an extensive database, which results in extensive analytical potential. A short application example is made to exemplify the comprehensive analytical potential of NEPS-SC6-ADIAB. This ongoing project deals with nonresponse in survey data. The linked data has a variety of variables collected in both data sources, administratively and through the NEPS survey, allowing for comparative analyses. In this case an idea to compensate nonresponse in income data with administrative data is drawn.
Uncovering the Disparities in Educational Attainment across Urban and Rural Locations in Northern Ireland
Authors: Cherry Gemma
Published: June 2018

BackgroundPrevious research investigating the influence of location in young people’s educational development often focus on measuring levels of poverty in urban communities and largely ignores the impact of rural areas and comparisons between urban and rural locations. This research advocates that including urban and rural location variables in research methodologies is imperative to gaining a fuller understanding of educational inequalities.

ObjectivesThe aim of this research is to examine the disparities in educational attainment between urban and rural locations in Northern Ireland (hereafter NI) and to identify the possible factors associated with such location disparities. Minimal research efforts have been dedicated to understanding these inequalities and even less attention has been aimed towards explaining them in a NI context. This research aims to fill this gap in knowledge.

MethodsA quantitative methodology, incorporating secondary data analysis will be utilised to achieve the research aims. This research will use administrative data provided by ADRC-NI which links the 2011 Census to the School Leavers Survey and School Census. Using GCSE results as a measure of educational attainment, multilevel modelling will be conducted on this data which has a sample size of N = 55,000 pupils.

FindingsThe findings of this research will provide information on how much of the variance in pupils’ educational attainment across urban and rural locations is associated with the individual, the school and the location.

ConclusionsThis research will add to the body of knowledge surrounding educational inequalities in NI.
Socioeconomic inequalities in the non-fatal and fatal burden of disease: findings from Scottish Burden of Disease (SBoD) 2016 Scottish Burden of Disease Project Team
Authors: Grant Ian , Wyper Grant , Mesalles-Naranjo Oscar , Kavanagh Jade , Tod Elaine , Stockton Diane
Published: June 2018

BackgroundSBOD2015 was the first endeavour to produce burden of disease estimates in Scotland using linkage of routine health records. In 2017, the study highlighted disparities in burden due to morbidity and mortality with respect to age and gender for 132 conditions, diseases and injuries.

ObjectivesThe aim of SBOD2016 is to report on socioeconomic inequalities to provide further evidence to support preventable public health.

MethodsMorbidity estimates were estimated using an extensive range of administrative datasets to provide a transparent and systematic approach to describe non-fatal population health loss. Combining these estimates with the Global Burden of Disease 2016 study’s relative assessment of severity and disability for each condition, we were able to calculate the Years Lived with Disability (YLD). Death registrations were used alongside life expectancy data to calculate the Years of Life Lost to premature mortality (YLL) as a measure of fatal burden.

FindingsPreliminary findings show a three-fold increase in the burden of disease between individuals living in the most deprived areas compared to the least deprived areas. The profile of diseases contributing the largest burden also varies between the most and least deprived areas.

ConclusionsBy combining information on fatal burden with the burden of living in less than ideal health (non-fatal burden), planners and policymakers have a better idea of the contribution that different diseases, conditions and injuries make to the total burden of disease and how this varies by levels of deprivation. This in turn provides information to support decisions about where prevention and service activity should be focused. It also provides a way of looking at the proportion of the burden that can be explained by a range of exposures in the population such as poverty or smoking.
Risk factors for young people not being in education, employment or training (NEET): Longitudinal analyses over a 10 year follow up period in Scotland
Authors: Everington Dawn , Feng Zhiqiang , Ralston Kevin , Dibben Chris
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe high level of young people who are NEET has been an important long-standing issue in Scotland. Having been NEET has several long term detrimental effects. Identifying risk factors of becoming NEET may inform interventions aimed at reducing the overall number of NEETs.

DataWe used the Scottish Longitudinal Study (SLS) - a 5.3% sample of Scotland’s population based around the 1991, 2001 and 2011 Censuses. The SLS include vital event data and since 2007, school census data. Census data are available for family members of the SLS sample.

We followed two cohorts to age 16-19 years: the first cohort included 6-9 years old at the 1991 census and the second 6-9 years old at the 2001 census.

MethodsWe used logistic regression to investigate whether NEET status was associated with individual, family and household characteristics measured 10 years previously, school qualifications and behaviour, local area characteristics and whether they had had a teenage pregnancy.

FindingMany factors were associated with the likelihood of being NEET - highest school qualification and behaviour, teenage pregnancy (females), household characteristics and living in an area having a relatively high level of NEETs.
How can we know what the public think about administrative data research
Authors: Porteous Carol
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThere has, in recent years been much discussion in administrative data research about communicating with the public about the research undertaken, listening to the public and trying to understand public views and questioning whether the public have trust in the work undertaken using publicly collected administrative data.

ObjectivesTo explore the role of public engagement in dialogue with attendees to try and address whether we are missing the point and value of public engagement. The views of publics are not homogenous, static and also respond to news headlines and data breaches and we can never know the views of 65 million people across the UK, so why do we worry so much about the views of the public and how can we ever know what publics think?

FindingsSummarising work undertaken in examining public attitudes and reflections on five years of working in public engagement in administrative data research will explore key questions with the audience including. Is there value in considering the views of the public, and if so what is the value? How is the public constituted in its relationships with academia and do the public play a key position in the role of universities within our society?
The factors associated with entry to formal care for the elderly in Scotland: A longitudinal analysis
Authors: Corby D. Helen , Everington Dawn , Starr John , Deary Ian J. , Dibben Chris
Published: June 2018

BackgroundLosing independence is a concern for older people, and sadly a reality for many. In Scotland there is an ageing population and unlike the rest of the UK, a policy to provide free personal and nursing care for those in need of assistance; this makes loss of independence high on the agenda of government, local authorities, care providers, older people and their families alike.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the factors associated with entry to formal care for older people in Scotland. In addition to socio-demographic, geographical and health characteristics, this study considered three lesser studied or novel factors: living in a flat, population density and recent employment.

MethodsA Scottish Longitudinal Study project (https://sls.lscs.ac.uk/) provided a 5.3% representative sample of the Scottish population for longitudinal analysis. This included people aged 65 and older in 1991 whose care-entry status was then followed-up in 2001.

FindingsAssociations were found for age, sex, marital status, longterm illness, housing tenure, recent employment, urban/rural classification and population density. Notably, whilst living in rural areas had a protective association with formal care home entry (OR 0.35 [95% CI 0.29,0.43]), paradoxically, living in areas with a low population density was associated with greatly increased odds (OR 9.05 [95% CI 7.34, 11.19]).

ConclusionsThis study indicates that the factors associated with care-entry in the Scottish population are similar to those in other Western countries. Possible explanations and justifications for the apparently paradoxical association found for population density are discussed. This finding might be relevant in populations outside Scotland, and future research should explore this.
Prevalence and predictors of antidepressant prescribing in Northern Ireland
Authors: Shevlin Mark , Rosato Michael , Boyle Stephanie , Murphy Jamie , Boduszek Daniel
Published: June 2018

BackgroundAntidepressant prescription rates in the United Kingdom (UK) are among the highest in Western Europe and prescription rates in Northern Ireland (NI) are significantly higher than the rest of the UK. Moreover, while prescription rates are climbing annually, rates of depression are not changing, and evidence suggests that a range of socio-economic and geographical factors may be responsible.

ObjectivesThe primary aim was to calculate the rates of antidepressant prescribing for the Northern Ireland population for years 2011 to 2015 and identify significant socio-demographic predictors.

Methods (including data)This Administrative Research Centre (Northern Ireland) study linked data from the 2011 census and prescribing records (Enhanced Prescribing Database). The British National Formulary codes was used to identify the four main antidepressant drug types.

FindingsResults indicated high levels of antidepressant prescribing for years 2011 to 2015 and significant associations were found with demographic, health, and economic variables.

ConclusionsNorthern Ireland has high levels of antidepressant prescribing compared to other parts of the UK and other European countries. This suggests that there is a need to extend the provision of social prescribing, where people can avail of local, non-clinical options to alleviate mental health problems.
School performance in children with type 1 diabetes
Authors: French Robert
Published: June 2018

BackgroundChildhood onset diabetes has broad cognitive and social effects that are likely to impact on the school experience. In turn, educational outcomes are associated with measures of diabetes related health.

ObjectivesThis study models school outcome measures for children with diabetes in comparison to their non-diabetic peers.

MethodsWe use education and diabetes data linked and stored in SAIL databank. We have eight academic cohorts of Welsh administrative education data linked to the register of all children diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes in Wales before the age of 15 (The Brecon Cohort). We model the associations for diabetes with both school absence (sessions missed per year) and educational attainment (using high stakes testing at the end of compulsory schooling), adjusting for individual, school and clinic characteristics and clustering.

Data LinkageWe discuss our approaches to the challenges of linking the education and diabetes register and outline our proposed solution to the governance challenges of linking diabetes related audit data.
La e-waste en México: otro problema para el medio ambiente del país / The e-waste in Mexico, another problem for environment in the country
Authors: Pérez Cruz José Alonso , Reding Domínguez José Gabriel , Tass Herrera Benjamin , Morales Turrubiates Elvia Elvira , Carbonell Pérez Rosalí Guadalupe
Published: June 2018

En México, la basura electrónica o e-waste (por sus siglas en inglés) no se considera un problema serio para el medio ambiente, los animales y los seres humanos, a pesar de que varios estudios han demostrado que el país ocupa el tercer lugar en el continente como generador de ese tipo de desechos sólidos. En tal sentido, en este trabajo se presenta información relevante acerca de la contaminación tóxica, así como de los componentes y los elementos que tienen los equipos electrónicos obsoletos, los cuales necesitan urgentemente ser normados con políticas y leyes concretas debido a los daños que pueden generar al entrar en contacto con el medio ambiente y los seres vivos.
La sociedad del conocimiento y la sociedad de la información como la piedra angular en la innovación tecnológica educativa / The Knowledge Society and the Information Society as the cornerstone in educational technology innovation
Authors: Pérez Zúñiga Ricardo , Mercado Lozano Paola , Martínez García Mario , Mena Hernández Ernesto , Partida Ibarra José Ángel
Published: June 2018

El objetivo de este documento es presentar una reflexión en torno a los conceptos sociedad de la información y sociedad del conocimiento para entender la importancia que estos tienen en el ámbito de la innovación y la tecnología en la educación. Para ello, se realizó una indagación de tipo documental en diversas fuentes (medios electrónicos de libre acceso, bibliotecas digitales, libros y revistas indexadas de reciente publicación). A partir de esto, se explica que la sociedad de la información, apoyada en el uso de tecnologías en el ámbito de la comunicación, ha provocado una significativa evolución en nuestra vida cotidiana. Este auge tecnológico supone una transformación en diversos contextos, como el educativo, familiar, social, cultural y político. En efecto, la relación que existe entre sociedad de la información y sociedad del conocimiento crea escenarios propicios para emprender investigaciones y producir conocimiento con el fin de lograr mejores estándares de calidad que promuevan el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación para el bienestar y progreso de las instituciones educativas, conducentes a una alfabetización digital de mejora continua que demanda el ámbito de la enseñanza-aprendizaje.
Is the time between first diagnosis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and cryoballoon ablation a predictor of efficacy?
Authors: Lunati Maurizio , Arena Giuseppe , Iacopino Saverio , Verlato Roberto , Tondo Claudio , Curnis Antonio , Porcellini Stefano , Sciarra Luigi , Molon Giulio , Senatore Gaetano , Leoni Loira , Perego Giovanni Battista , Rauhe Werner , Pepi Patrizia , Landolina Maurizio
Published: June 2018

Aims

Cryoablation is an indicated therapy for the treatment of recurrent atrial fibrillation through pulmonary vein isolation; however, the optimal time between first diagnosis of atrial fibrillation and cryoablation is still unknown. We aimed to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of early versus later treatment of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation by cryoablation.

Methods

Five hundred and ten patients underwent atrial fibrillation cryoablation and were prospectively followed for at least 6 months in 43 Italian cardiology centers. The population was divided into two groups according to the time since the first diagnosis of atrial fibrillation until the index cryoablation procedure. An early-treatment group had an elapsed time of 15 months or less from atrial fibrillation diagnosis until cryoablation, and the late-treatment group had an elapsed time of greater than 15 months. During the evaluation, clinical efficacy was defined as atrial fibrillation recurrence outside a landmark 90-day blanking period, and safety was defined as the reporting of all procedure-related complications.

Results

In the total cohort, cryoablation was performed after a median of 36 months from the point of the patient diagnosis with drug refractory symptomatic recurrent atrial fibrillation. The early-treatment group was composed of 130 (25%) patients, whereas the late-treatment group had 380 (75%) patients. Both cohorts had similar baseline clinical characteristics. Of 510 patients, 22 had a complication related to the procedure with no difference between the two groups. Multivariable analysis showed that the risk of atrial fibrillation recurrence was significantly higher in the late-treatment group (hazard ratio: 1.77; 95% confidence interval 1.00-3.13)

Conclusion

In our multicenter observational examination, cryoablation was well tolerated and effective in the treatment of patients with drug refractory symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Reducing the time between diagnosis and ablation brought about a treatment that had a lower risk of atrial fibrillation recurrence with no change in safety.

(Italian ClinicalService Project: NCT01007474).
Applications of Stochastic Semigroups to Queueing Models
Authors: Gwiżdż Piotr
Published: June 2018

Non-markovian queueing systems can be extended to piecewise-deterministic Markov processes by appending supplementary variables to the system. Then their analysis leads to an infinite system of partial differential equations with an infinite number of variables and non-local boundary conditions. We show how one can study such systems by using the theory of stochastic semigroups.
ANALYSIS OF POVERTY IN FOREST SURROUNDING COMMUNITIES BY SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD APPROACH
Authors: Parmawati Rita , Soemarno Soemarno , Maryunani Maryunani , Kurnianto Agung Sih
Published: June 2018

Poverty in forests surrounding communities shows a contrast between wealth of forest resources and poverty. The poverty of forests surrounding communities is seen as inefficient development to rural needs in general and forest management in particular. This study aims to analyze the factors affecting poverty, the relevance and Sustainable Livelihood Approach in poverty. This research was conducted in Argosari Village, Jabung Subdistrict and Mentaraman Village, Donomulyo District, Malang Regency. Sustainable livelihood approach is applied which adapted on five elements: human, natural, physical, social and financial asset. The sample was determined by proportional random sampling method. Participatory Rapid Appraisal (PRA) were used in this study. Quantitative approach in this study using descriptive analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Poverti Gap 2 indicator (the number of family member) has the greatest contribution to Argosari poverty. The High Consumption 3 indicator (the number of new clothing in a year that can be bought) has the smallest contribution. Significantly, eight indicators have established in Mentaraman, which is indicated by a p-value less than 5% (0.05). Based on the size of the standardize coefficient, it is found that the Poverti Gap 2 indicator (the number of family member) has the greatest contribution to Mentaraman  poverty. Keywords : Argosari, Forest, Mentaraman, Poverty, SLA
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT KOMUNITAS ADAT TERPENCIL (KAT) OLEH PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN LINGGA
Authors: Sujarwani Riau , Dewi Wulandari Fitri , Husni Alfi , Rianto Faizal , . Sarinah
Published: June 2018

Salah satu program pemberdayaan dari pemerintah adalah program pemberdayaan komunitas adat terpencil. Desa Tajur Biru Kabupaten Lingga merupakan desa yang memiliki banyak suku terdalam yaitu suku laut, fenomena yang terjadi adalah terbatasnya pelayanan umum seperti sarana jalan, penerangan, posyandu dan belum terjangkau pelayan sosial seperti keadaan di atas menjadikan Desa Tajur Biru sebagai sasaran program komunitas adat terpencil. Tujuan penelitian ini pada dasarnya adalah mendeskripsikan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Komunitas Adat Terpencil Oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Lingga pada Desa Tajur Biru Kecamatan Senayang Kabupaten Lingga. Menemukan kendala- kendala dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat serta mendeskripsikan model Pemberdayaan yang lebih tepat untuk Masyarakat Komunitas Adat Terpencil Desa Tajur Biru Kecamatan Senayang Kabupaten Lingga. Untuk dapat melihat pemberdayaan masyarakat tersebut mengacu pada pendapat Soetomo (2011:96). Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, yang mana sampel dalam penelitian ini 5 (lima) orang. Berdasarkan dari uraian yang telah dijelaskan, maka dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa Pemberdayaan Komunitas Adat Terpencil belum mampu memberdayakan masyarakat komunitas adat terpencil tersebut. Kendala yang terjadi adalah selama ini pemerintah sebagai instansi lokal hanya memberikan pembinaan, pelatihan dan pemahaman terhadap pemberdayaan Komunitas Adat Terpencil, namun sarana prasarana belum dapat dilengkapi dengan baik seperti sarana prasarana pendidikan, tempat ibadah dan layanan kesehatan. Adapun saran yang dapat disampaikan adalah sebagai berikut seharusnya ada sarana prasarana pendukung kemudian adanya sekolah yang didirikan bagi anak-anak dari komunitas adat terpencil, merubah pola pengembara hidup dengan program mengapung.Seharusnya ada pola pemberdayaan lainnya seperti membangun rumah permanen di darat untuk masyarakat suku laut.Memberikan kesadaran pendidikan pentingnya pendidikan bagi masyarakat suku laut.
DIMENSI KEKUASAAN PENGHULU ADAT MELAYU RIAU DALAM PELAKSANAAN DEMOKRASI LOKAL
Authors: Asrinaldi Asrinaldi , Azwar Azwar
Published: June 2018

The Malay penghulu adat have traditional authority that can direct their people to maintain their own identity and existence. In fact, although the function of these Malay penghulu adat is only in the context of customs and culture, but in some cases these penghulu also influence the implementation of local democracy.  For example, in the election process of the head of the region, although the function of the penghulu adat leader as a leader can direct the tribe and his people, but this function is rarely used because it is contrary to the principle of propriety in Malay custom. Nevertheless, the presence of this penghulu adat remains important to strengthen the legitimacy of the power of the political elite.  This is reasonable because the legitimacy of the Malay customary is very important as a basis for building political support derived from indigenous communities. This article is derived from field research using descriptive qualitative methods. The informants of this research are adat penghulu, members of local elections commissions, bureaucrats, politicians and local academics. This article finds the dimensions of  the Malay penghulu adat authority only used to establish Malay identity by strengthening Malay customs and culture. Moreover, the people of Riau are more complex than the social and cultural aspects. Their involvement gives support to the regional head only in order to preserve Malay culture to be accommodated in local government policy and not in the form of political activity. Therefore it is not surprising that every Riau governor is given the title of Datuk Seri Setia Amanah customs so that those who are given this title take part in preserving Riau Malay culture.
Calidad del certificado de defunción en Colombia
Authors: Cendales Ricardo , Pardo Constanza
Published: June 2018

Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de la certificación de la muerte general y por cáncer en Colombia.Métodos: Se describieron indicadores de validez para cada departamento y las ciudades de Bogotá, Cali, Manizales, Pasto y Bucaramanga. Se realizó un análisis factorial de componentes principales con el fin de identificar relaciones no evidentes.Resultados: Se analizaron 984,159 defunciones, dentro de las cuales había 164,542 muertes por cáncer. El 93.7% de la mortalidad general estaba bien certificada. Los errores predominantes fueron signos, síntomas y afecciones mal definidas. El 92.8% de la mortalidad por cáncer estaba bien certificada. Los errores predominantes fueron cánceres de sitio mal definido.Conclusiones: Los indicadores de calidad de certificación en Colombia mejoraron. Ante el buen comportamiento de los indicadores de calidad de la certificación de la muerte general y por cáncer, se considera que ésta es un insumo válido para la estimación de incidencia de cáncer.
Health inequities and cancer survival in Manizales, Colombia: a population-based study
Authors: Arias-Ortiz Nelson Enrique , De Vries Esther
Published: June 2018

Objective: To analyze differences in survival of breast, cervical, lung, prostate and stomach cancer by health insurance regime (HIR) and socioeconomic position (SEP) in an intermediate city in a middle-income country.Methods: All patients with breast, cervix uteri, lung, prostate and stomach cancer  diagnosed between 2003 and 2007 and characterized by the Manizales population-based Cancer Registry (MCR) were included and followed up to a maximum of 5 years for identifying deaths. Survival probabilities estimated by HIR were defined according to the type of affiliation at the date of diagnosis, and by socioeconomic stratification of residence (SS) as indicator of SEP, stratifying for other prognostic factors using Kaplan-Meier methods. Cox proportional hazard models were fitted for multivariate analysis.Results: A total of 1,384 cases and 700 deaths were analyzed. Five-year observed survival  was 71.0% (95% IC: 66.1-75.3) for breast, 51.4% (95% IC: 44.6-57.9) for cervix, 15.4% (95% IC: 10.7-20.8) for lung, 71.1% (95% IC: 65.3-76.1) for prostate and 23.8% (95% IC: 19.3-28.6) for stomach. Statistically significant differences in survival by HIR were observed for breast, lung, prostate, and stomach - with poorer survival for the subsidized and uninsured patients. Differences by SS were observed for lung and prostate. Differences in survival by HIR were independent of SS, and viceversa.Conclusions: Important inequities in cancer survival exist related to HIR and SEP. Possible explanations include underlying comorbidities, late stage at diagnosis, or barriers to timely and effective treatment.
Incidencia y mortalidad por cáncer en Bucaramanga, Colombia. 2008-2012
Authors: Uribe Pérez Claudia Janeth , Serrano-Gómez Sergio , Hormiga Sánchez Claudia Milena
Published: June 2018

Introducción: El cáncer constituye una carga en el mundo, en especial para los países menos desarrollados. Los Registros Poblacionales de Cáncer son fundamentales para conocer los perfiles territoriales del cáncer y la evaluación del impacto de sus programas de control.Objetivo: Estimar la incidencia y mortalidad por cáncer en el Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga en el período 2008-2012.Métodos: Se realizó un estudio poblacional descriptivo de la incidencia y mortalidad por cáncer en el Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga. Los casos de cáncer invasivos primarios del periodo 2008-2012 se obtuvieron de la base del RPC-AMB. Los datos de población y defunciones fueron facilitados por el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). Se estimaron tasas crudas de incidencia y mortalidad globales y específicas por sexo, y tasas de incidencia y mortalidad estandarizadas.Resultados: Durante el quinquenio se registraron 8,775 casos incidentes de cáncer (excluyendo cáncer de piel no melanoma). Las tasas de incidencia estandarizada globales por 100,000 personas-año fueron de 151.7 en hombres y 157.2 en mujeres. Las principales localizaciones fueron próstata, estómago y colorrecto, en los hombres, y mama, tiroides y colorrecto en las mujeres. La tasa de mortalidad estandarizada por 100,000 personas-año fue de 94.8 en hombres y de 78.0 en mujeres.Conclusión: Las tasas de incidencia y mortalidad en la mayoría de localizaciones son inferiores a las nacionales y al quinquenio previo en el Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga. El cáncer de tiroides, colorrectal, y las leucemias muestran una tendencia al aumento, lo cual demanda indagaciones posteriores.
African Indigenous Knowledge and Social Work Practice: Towards an Afro-sensed Perspective
Authors: Shokane Allucia Lulu , Masoga Mogomme Alpheus
Published: June 2018

South Africa is a multicultural society with diverse indigenous cultural communities. It has been argued that as Africa enters into a new phase of knowledge development, disciplines like social work are equally asked to rethink their methods and theories to embrace this emerging challenge. The central idea of this article is based on the presumption that social workers should intervene in a culturally-sensed manner, appropriately and seeking to discover uniqueness in local indigenous ways within specific communities. It is contested in this article that the practice of social work, with its specific intervention approach, which uses local specific knowledge, can be a catalyst for social change and transformation. The article calls for a transformed social work education in South Africa that embraces notions and discourses such as decolonisation, indigenisation and Africanisation. Locally collected anecdotes are presented in the discussion. Broadly, the article suggests that indigenous knowledge, which encourages local cultures, and contexts, which integrate culturally-sensitive and Afro-sensed approaches, has the potential for driving a changed social work practice and education.
Social Work and Indigenisation: A South African Perspective
Authors: Mogorosi Lobelo David , Thabede Dumisani Gaylord
Published: June 2018

For relevance to societal reality and challenges, countries should structure their social work education to deal with specific conditions and cultures. From its global North (i.e. Western Europe and North America) origins, social work has contributed to the expansion of the discipline and profession to the developing world, including South Africa. During the three decades (from the mid-1980s until the present day) during which they have taught social work in South Africa, the authors have witnessed half-hearted efforts to really integrate indigenous knowledge into the curricula. In writings and professional gatherings, scant attention was paid to curricula transformation imperatives enriching practice. To its credit, the Association of South African Social Work Education Institutions (ASASWEI) advocates for decolonisation and indigenisation of social work education. Discussing decolonisation and indigenisation in social work curricula, the paper critiques assumptions of global North ideas, cloaked as if universally applicable. An example is about some principles of social caseworkÂ â€“ a method of choice in South AfricaÂ â€“ which mostly disregards cultural nuances of clientele with a communal collective world view that relies on joint decision-making. A culturally sensitive approach is adopted as theoretical framework for this paper. The paper concludes with recommendations that should help ensure that social work curricula strive towards being indigenous, contextualised and culturally appropriate.
Decolonising Social Work Research with Families Experiencing Intergenerational Trauma
Authors: Hoosain Shanaaz
Published: June 2018

This article focuses on social work research with displaced families in the Western Cape, South Africa, who have experienced both the historical trauma of their slave past and the trauma of displacement during apartheid. In a similar context, aboriginal academic writers have found that initial studies of intergenerational trauma did not take into account the historical ordeal of colonialism which they believe has left its mark on aboriginal communities today. Intergenerational trauma has also been based on research with holocaust survivors. For this research paper, a postcolonial indigenous research paradigm was implemented owing to the colonial history of Cape Town. Collective narrative practice and participatory learning action techniques were used to decolonise the theoretical and methodological approach. Foucaultâ€™s counter-memories and counter-histories were applied to critically engage with the research findings to include the â€œunofficialâ€ stories of slave descendants in social work discourse where these stories have largely been ignored.
Decolonising Ethics: Considerations of Power, Politics and Privilege in Aotearoa/New Zealand
Authors: Boulton Amohia
Published: June 2018

Indigenous peoples across the world have a shared experience of colonisation; a process that has resulted in war, disease and the decimation of their lands, homes and peoples. In New Zealand, the effects of colonisation are still evident with MÄori (the indigenous people of New Zealand) experiencing poorer outcomes compared with non-MÄori citizens across a range of social, health and well-being indicators. This paper is a case study of work being done in New Zealand, which may have resonance with work in South Africa, and other countries with a history of colonisation. It begins with a brief history of the impacts of colonisation on MÄori before considering the concept of decolonisation. The author outlines the work her organisation does as an independent, tribally owned, MÄori health research centre to advance a decolonisation agenda. Reflecting on their emancipatory and democratising ambitions as researchers provides the opening for a discussion about indigenous ethics. The paper presents a number of MÄori ethical principles that guide their work, arguing that were such principles applied in the development and implementation of social policy and legislation, the effect would be a fairer, more equitable policy that better meets the needs of MÄori as citizens. Recent legislation enacted to improve New Zealandâ€™s care and protection system for children is discussed to illustrate the need for greater consideration of MÄori values when developing legislation that directly impacts MÄori. The paper concludes with a challenge to policymakers, practitioners, academics, and researchers alike to actively contribute to an agenda of liberation, emancipation and decolonisation for indigenous peoples.
BLENDED-LEARNING COMO METODOLOGÍA DE APRENDIZAJE DE UN SEGUNDO IDIOMA
Authors: Ortega Luis Alberto , Alava Cagua Nathaly Valeria , Garcia Guerrero Bryan Fernando , Intriago Cedeño Jose Guillermo
Published: June 2018

El objetivo de esta investigación fue proponer una plataforma como instrumento tecnológico para la aplicación de la metodología Blended-Learning en la enseñanza de un segundo idioma, con la finalidad de mejorar el desarrollo de las destrezas de los estudiantes. El tratamiento de la propuesta inició con la revisión bibliográfica sobre las teorías de aprendizaje de un segundo idioma y el análisis de los roles que debe cumplir el docente y el estudiante. En consecuencia, los resultados de la investigación muestran que el uso de la modalidad Blended-Learning es de gran utilidad como estrategia pedagógica para aprender un idioma porque combina lo mejor de la modalidad presencial y virtual para optimizar el desempeño, sin embargo, el éxito del aprendizaje es definido por la planificación de los recursos didácticos, por lo tanto, la herramienta involucrada debe ajustarse al enfoque de aprendizaje.

Palabras claves: Estrategia pedagógica, metodología de aprendizaje, modalidad presencial-virtual, segundo idioma.

ABSTRACT

The objective of this research was to propose a platform as a technological tool for the application of Blended-Learning methodology in the teaching of a second language, in order to improve the development of student’s skills. The treatment of the proposal began with the bibliographical revision on second language learning theories and the analysis of teachers and student’s roles. Consequently, the research showed that Blended-Learning is a very useful pedagogical strategy to learn a language which combines the best of traditional and virtual mode to optimize performance; however, the success of learning is defined by the planning of didactic resources, therefore, the tool must be designed according to the learning approach.
ENSEÑANZA DE LA INTRODUCCIÓN DE LA CIENCIA DEL SUELO EN MODALIDAD A DISTANCIA EN ECUADOR
Authors: Jiménez Álvarez Leticia Salomé , Capa-Mora Edwin Daniel , Quichimbo Miguitama Pablo Geovanny , Fierro Jaramillo Natacha Del Cisne
Published: June 2018

La enseñanza de la Ciencia del Suelo a través del sistema de educación superior, modalidad a distancia permite llegar prácticamente a todos los rincones del país e incluso cruzar fronteras, por ello el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si las barreras geográficas son limitantes para el aprendizaje de los estudiantes de modalidad a distancia. Se consideró la participación y el rendimiento de los estudiantes del componente Manejo Sustentable del Suelo de la Titulación de Gestión Ambiental de todos los sectores del país, inclusive de los centros ubicados en el extranjero. Los resultados del presente estudio indican que existen factores que influyen en el rendimiento de los estudiantes que van más allá de la ubicación geográfica y que la barrera territorial no es un impedimento para enseñar ésta y otras ciencias en modalidad a distancia. Esos resultados nos motivan a seguir indagando sobre este tipo de educación para mejorar su calidad.
Palabras clave: Edafología; estrategias enseñanza – Aprendizaje, interacción estudiante - docente
ABSTRACT
The teaching of Soil Science through the system of higher education, distance learning allows to reach practically all corners of the country and even cross borders, so the objective of this study was to determine if geographical barriers are limitations for the sutedent´s learning and evaluate the participation of students in various proposed activities. The proposed mandatory activities were also considered and the performance of students in the subject Manejo Sustentable del Suelo of the Environmental Management Engineering career in all sectors of the country, including those located abroad. The results of the present study indicate that there are factors that influence the performance of students beyond the geographic location and that the territorial barrier is not an impediment to teach this and other sciences in distance modality; but it also shows that compulsory strategies or activities work better than those that are optional. These results motivate us to continue inquiring about this type of education to improve its quality.