bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultra-High-Speed ESP Solution for High Sand Production – A Real Case Study
Authors: Shakirov Anton , Koropetsky Vitaly , Alexeev Yaroslav , Agnaev Zelim
Published: November 2018

Sand production becomes more critical as the reservoir pressure depletes typically associated by water cut, scaling and sand production intensity. Erosion rate of Electric Submersible Pump (ESP) components tends to be ruled by pump rotating speed. Even so, strong focus on modern technological advances towards improving pump design has made ultra-high-speed ESP compatible with sandy wells.

This paper will review several case histories demonstrating the evolution of the ultra-high-speed ESP PMM (Permanent Magnet Motor) technology for over a decade. With a speed control ranging between 1,000 and 12,000 rpm, pump design and metallurgy were crucial aspects to focus on to ensure reliable operation in sandy wells. Continuous equipment analysis made during trials provided guidance to improve the design, while high-precision manufacturing techniques have made it possible to implement new solutions.

Case histories have showed high tolerance of the modern ultra-high-speed ESPs to solids in the produced fluid. Abrasion resistance is achieved with hard alloys being applied to the pump along with innovative modular pump design. As a result, ramp-up time has been reduced, with failure rate being minimized. Implemented design features enabled to declare maximum solid content for ultra-high-speed ESP at higher levels (up to 2 g/l) if compared to conventional equipment despite significantly higher nameplate speed (10,000 rpm) of the former. Successful results of the ultra-high-speed ESPs in sandy wells demonstrate a good example of integrating new technology developments into operation in harsh environment. These findings may help expand an application range of the systems traditionally considered as having relatively poor durability when exposed to sand production.

The systems studied in this paper represent a new generation of ESPs combining all the features of operation at high speed along with abrasion resistance being normally considered as incompatible with high RPM (rotation per minute). The conclusions of this paper are intended to provide advice when selecting and designing an artificial lift method.
Research and Application of Overall Energy Consumption Optimization Technology Under Low Oil Price
Authors: Zhang Xishun , Shi Junfeng , Zhao Ruidong , Deng Feng , Li Qiming , Zhang Jianjun , Sun Chengyan , Miao Guojing , Song Shenggang
Published: November 2018

At present in China, the prevailing optimization method for an individual rod pumped well pursues the maximum system efficiency under the condition of given production, which is ineffective for some high water cut oil wells and contributes a little to the oil production of a block. As a result, the maximum overall profit cannot be achieved. With the continuance of low oil prices and the increase of artificial lift cost, the individual well optimization method can no longer meet the requirements for field energy conservation and cost reduction. The energy consumption and contribution to oil production of every well are analyzed. Based on an analysis of the inter-relations between individual well production, energy consumption and efficiency, the energy consumption of individual wells and their contributions to oil production by utilizing relevant analytical approach, an objective function with the minimum overall block energy consumption is established in this paper to realize the overall profit maximization of block by allocating individual well fluid production, optimizing production parameters and using non-decreasing oil production as constraint condition. In view of the established optimization model characterized by complicated influence factors, multiple optimization parameters, enormous calculations and several constraint conditions, a penalty function algorithm is applied to optimization to convert a constrained optimization problem into the solution of an unconstrained optimization problem. In this way, fast solution of the model is realized. 154 wells of one oil production plant in Daqing Oilfield were subjected to overall block optimization. Since site execution of an optimization program, there are 63 wells with an increased fluid production, there are 91 wells with a decreased fluid production, the total oil production has basically remained unchanged, the total fluid production has decreased by 10.2%, the total energy consumption has decreased by 16.3%, and the average system efficiency has been improved by 5.1%. It is shown by field application that this technology can further decrease the overall cost and increase the overall profit of a block by allocating per well liquid production and optimizing production parameters comparing with the previous individual well optimization. It may be beneficial to any teams who are looking to lift more oil with less energy consumption.
Design Basis and Results from Field Trials of an All New Rigless Cable Deployable ESP
Authors: Liley Norman , Maclean Iain
Published: November 2018

This paper describes the overall system architecture and key enablers for through-tubing live well deployable ESPs. Further, the results from a series of installation and recovery trials are presented showing low cost cable deployable ESP's are now a reality.

Central to the design is the application of permanent magnet technology. This technology enables products to be built that are powerful, compact, retrofittable, spoolable and by their slenderness can be installed in high DLS wells.

Live well deployment is achievable using low cost spooling equipment and conventional wireline type PCE without the need for initial well re-completion. The deployment cable combines the roles of structural conveyance and provides electrical power to the Bottom Hole Assembly

Using alternative installation methods to convention opens the door for fast change-out when failure occurs, reduced deferred production, and avoids the need to schedule expensive drilling rigs from their primary purpose.
Optimizing the Process of Real-Time ESP Surveillance in Kuwait
Authors: Al-Jazzaf Abdulla M. , Krstic Nebojsa , Rutkowski Lukas , Al-Maqsseed Nora , Camilleri Lawrence , Al-Khaled Abdullah , Abdal Abdulaziz , Vasilache Liliana , Hua Gong , Faraj Bashayer
Published: November 2018

Real-time electric submersible pump (ESP) surveillance is becoming a standard in the oil industry, and many successful cases of applying 24/7 monitoring have been recorded around the world. Kuwait has more than 1,300 ESP installations, with the majority containing both downhole and surface sensors along with SCADA connectivity. Real-time surveillance is a relatively new concept in Kuwait because previous attempts were unsuccessful due to complications in the implementation. For the current application, it was necessary to set up the process without incurring additional costs and additional workforce. These challenges limited the process and application of real-time surveillance in Kuwait. Because increasing the workload with the same manpower risks loss in quality of implementation, it was necessary to improve the productivity of surveillance activities to cover more wells with the same workforce. The method of applying alarms was modified to speed up access and updates. Displays were redesigned for uniformity, resulting in an easy-to-navigate and user-friendly tool for monitoring. Decentralizing the surveillance center into smaller field units was also found to improve communications with field engineers. Improving the response time of identifying, diagnosing, and taking preventive actions is crucial in avoiding downtime. Multiple tools were built to identify triggered alarms to notify the surveillance engineers. A live diagnostic tool is built to improve the accuracy of root cause analysis and to recognize threats faster. GPS vehicle trackers are used to identify the closest service provider to take preventive action on every well. Sharing access with other sectors of the company enables interested sectors to be a part of the surveillance process. This paper presents the approach taken in modifying real-time surveillance by using existing company data and software without additional capital costs. The authors discuss applied methods of improving the productivity of the surveillance process and improving the response time to identify threats, diagnose, and take preventive actions.
Using Advanced Technology to Increase Production on Mature Fields
Authors: Woodman Malcolm , Rodriguez Javier , Wade Kevin , Marriott James
Published: November 2018

The low oil price clearly provides the industry with some challenges and the need to optimise oil production or reduce operating costs is now more prevalent than ever. Software tools that can accurately model the field and then perform production optimisation, while minimizing operating costs by informing operations as to what control variables to change on the field, can play an important role.

It is extremely important that the advice provided by the technology to operations can be implemented easily and quickly. This is particularly important for mature fields where the field conditions may be changing continuously and therefore an even greater need for regular (weekly or daily) optimisation of production, to ensure that the field is operating optimally on a day-to-day basis.

The aim of all model-based optimisation technology is to change the available control variables (from their current settings) so that the objective function is either maximised or minimised. In most production systems the objective function would be to maximise oil production, with the control variables being items such as: gas-lift injection gas rate, choke settings, well and pipeline routing, etc. Alternatively the objective could be to minimise costs while keeping production at the target rate. In either case the optimal solution may require that a considerable number of control variables be changed.

For a practical implementation, the large number of required field changes will be a challenge to the production engineer and operations. What is required is a reduced set of control variable changes that yields an increase in production (not necessarily the optimum). However, prior to the optimisation, the production engineer will not know the most important control variables to change, thus the software tool has to undertake this task as part of the calculation.

To date the direct deployment of model-based optimisation to support operations has had some challenges. Some of these challenges involve technical issues that have not helped the wide-spread acceptance, specifically; lack of confidence (validation) of the underlying model's predictionsinefficient handling of continuous and discrete control variables by the optimisation algorithmfailure to integrate production and facilities in the same modeland, perhaps most critically, delivering a solution that cannot be implemented directly in the field due to recommending a large numbers of changes from the current operational point

In this paper, we focus on next generation equation-based optimisation technology (as implemented in the gPROMS Oilfield optimiser) that can address these deficiencies to deliver a solution that can be implemented directly onto the field that includes the simultaneous optimisation of both continuous and discrete control variables.
Hybrid Artificial Lift System- Alternate SRP/PCP in Cyclic Steam Injection for Heavy Oil Wells
Authors: Mesbah Hossam , Dange Aarti , Tanasescu Ion
Published: November 2018

The main objective for the implementation of this methodology was to achieve uninterrupted production and avoid failures. Heavy oil wells undergoing CSS in the field in Kuwait, pose challenges of high temperature and sand incursion. As soon as the well was brought on production at the end of soaking period, Metal PCP, which was earlier believed to be the best choice proved wrong when it underwent failures due to dry run because of steam (gas) and the lost interference fit between the stator and rotor owing to reduced viscosity and poor efficiency due to fluid slippage. The strategy was revisited and Sucker rod pumps were initially installed as soon as the well came on production. Being shallow wells on VSD control, they were safely ran at 3 SPM and that kept the sand from entering the well since the velocity of the fluid kept way above the critical velocity. The pump produced around 100 bbl./day. As the reservoir cooled, and the viscosity increased, the calculated rod stresses were seen to increase beyond 80%. Anticipating the rod failures and the subsequent production loss, strategic decision to install all metal PCP was made for the next period of production. The increased viscosity of the fluid provided excellent efficiency to the PCP operation and also eliminated the rod fall. The well produced around 245bbls/day consistently. Thus the methodology states alternating the Sucker rod pump (SRP)and All Metal PCP (AMPCP) through the production cycle using viscosity as the indicator.

The cost and benefits of this approach was evaluated. The work over cost to replace the AL type against the costs due to failures and production loss was studied. It was concluded that this system provided the tangible cost benefit of around 30%, along with the uninterrupted production and conserving the heat energy in the reservoir. This method utilized the best combination of the performance features of SRP and PCP in their optimum operational brackets.

Considering the energy loses to the reservoir for a short period, which will be caused due to the work over rigs that utilize the cold mud fluids to replace the AL system or to clean the deposited sand which would cover the perforation, some design changes were made such as drilling the hole 1000 ft more than originally designed to maximize the production.
Interlinking Industrial Revolution 4.0 with Intelligent Field Cyber Security Protection
Authors: Almadi Soloman , AL-Khabbaz Fouad , AL-Askandrani Faisal
Published: November 2018

Cybersecurity is a fundamental element in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0) due intercoupling of the safety, and the integrity of the Intelligent Field Operation Technology (IFOT) systems infrastructure in both the plant/fields system layers and the enterprise system layer. The rapid evolution from proprietary to open standards-based solutions has introduced major challenges in the cybersecurity domain. Intelligent Filed (IF) special purpose hardware and software is now increasingly moving to a common platform and from isolation to interconnection with the Enterprise networks and systems; resulting in seamless IFOT data flow. This evolution has resulted in growing and previously unforeseen cybersecurity threats. Therefore, a closer look is required to ensure cybersecurity is embedded into existing systems and is an integral part of workflows, policies, and the skillsets of the workforce.

In this paper, the authors share a critical review for the IFOT cybersecurity risk, available solutions, and the systematic approach in weaving cyber-protection into the end-to-end system. The outcomes result in actual enhancements by considering cybersecurity as an integral part of the overall IFOT. Best practice and guidelines improvements are also highlighted.
Research on Pump Efficiency of Sliding Vane Pump for Oil Recovery
Authors: Wang Shuolong , Wu Xiaodong , Han Guoqing , Zhang XiShun , Ren Zebin , Zhu Zhiyong , Tang Jingfei , Zhong Ziyao
Published: November 2018

Pump efficiency is an important indicator to reflect the utilization ratio and management level of pumping outfit. A reasonable theoretical model of pump efficiency is of great significance to improve lifting efficiency and optimize structure parameters of sliding vane pump. On the basis of the mechanical structure and working principle of SVP, the analytic model of volumetric efficiency is established from the perspective of leakage and degree of fullness respectively. The analytic model of mechanical efficiency for SVP is established considering viscous friction and contact friction. Based on the theoretical model, the influence of structural parameters (inlet/outlet opening angle,rotor-groove radius, vane number) of SVP on pump efficiency was analyzed. The research shows that the pump efficiency increases with the increase of opening angle, and with the increase of displacement, the difference of pump efficiency decreases.Meanwhile, the pump efficiency will increase with the rotor-groove radius and vane number decrease, so on the premise of meeting the requirements of pump weight and sand control, the rotor-groove radius and vane number should be as smaller as possible.
A 24/7 Surveillance Service Improves ESP Uptime in US Unconventional Reservoirs: A Case Study
Authors: Kutluev Denis , Quinzo Bravo Ma. Elena , Jasim Ahmed
Published: November 2018

Development of unconventional resources in the primary US basins helped the US increase oil production to where it is now one of the top two worldwide oil producing countries. The unconventional well production cycle is characterized by a comparably short natural flow period, and unconventional wells require artificial lift to continue production. Electric submersible pump (ESP) systems are used as first artificial lift system in the well life cycle in 36% of the US unconventional wells. Such use challenges ESP performance with gas, solids, and abrasives and other issues that negatively affect ESP run life and uptime.

A reliable solution to face those challenges is surveillance using real-time technologies with remote control capabilities. Artificial lift surveillance centers (ALSCs) provide 24/7 surveillance of all wells with ESPs as the artificial lift system to prevent or resolve ESP critical events. Reducing critical events in ESP operations helps reduce stress on ESP components and increases ESP reliability, but this requires timely intervention. Real-time interventions via remote control can eliminate the high-temperature, high-vibration, high-pressure, and high-electrical-load events that would otherwise lead to immediate equipment damage or premature failure.

This paper summarizes how an ALSC 24/7 service helped to increase uptime for an operator by using workflows for remote ESP analysis and control to spot critical events, which constituted 46% of 1026 events registered in the system for this operator. Remote intervention techniques, including a gas lock recovery feature, combined with global ESP well event classification and reporting workflows helped to identify every event and avoid ESP shutdowns, thus reducing deferred production and improving ESP performance.

Active collaboration of 24/7 ALSC personnel with the operator and field personnel reduced trips to the field, which directly reduced driving risk, one of the significant hazards in the oil industry.
IIoT Edge Analytics: Deploying Machine Learning at the Wellhead to Identify Rod Pump Failure
Authors: Boguslawski Bartosz , Boujonnier Matthieu , Bissuel-Beauvais Loryne , Saghir Fahd , Sharma Rajesh D.
Published: November 2018

Oil and Gas operators now have the possibility to collect and leverage significant amounts of data directly at the extremities of their production networks. Data combined with Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) architecture is an opportunity to improve maintenance of assets, increase their up-time, reduce safety risks and optimize operational costs. However, to turn data into meaningful insights, Oil and Gas industry needs to fully take benefit of Machine Learning (ML) models which are able to consume real-time data and provide insights in isolated locations with scarce connectivity. These ML models need to be precise, robust and compatible with Edge computing capabilities.

This paper presents an analytics solution for rod pumps, capable of automated Dynagraph Card recognition at the wellhead leveraging an ensemble of ML models deployed at the Edge. The proposed solution does not require Internet connectivity to generate alarms and addresses confidentiality requirements of Oil and Gas industry. An overview of the employed ML models as well as the computing and communication infrastructure is given. We believe the given outline is insightful for the petroleum industry on its road to digitization and optimization of Artificial Lift systems.
Abrasive Waterjet Cutting Simulation Using Coupled SPH-FEA Method
Authors: Mohd Thiyahuddin Mohd Izzat , Tan Nian Wei , Dindi Mazlan , M Ros M Ikhranizam , Sulaiman M Zhafran , Abdul Rahman M Redzuan
Published: November 2018

A couple SPH-FEA modelling technique is investigated to determine the suitability of the mentioned technique to model offshore cutting operation of Abrasive Water-jet (AWJ) cutting. For model validation, results are compared to analysis available in literature on abrasive water-jet machining. An AWJ cutting a ductile metal sample with certain thickness and property is modeled and simulated to investigate the impact response and parameters that influence, including impact speeds. To overcome the difficulties of fluid—solid interaction and extra-large deformation problem using finite element method (FEM), the SPH-coupled FEA modeling for abrasive waterjet cutting simulation is presented, in which the abrasive waterjet is modeled by SPH particles and the target material is modeled by Finite Element. Validation is achieved by comparing the model against numerical result available in literature. The coupled SPH-FEA model is compared against previously published results and validated. Then, studies is conducted to determine the erosion rate effect due to change in abrasive types and different flow rates. The depth of penetrations and erosion rate is extracted for analysis. It can be seen that the generated SPH-FEA method is able to simulate the condition of AWJ cutting of offshore steel structure material up to 250 MPa. The fluid-structure interaction in AWJ cutting where the erosion-cutting of steel target material is highly non-linear was modelled by full coupled SPH/FEA. This research demonstrates that the approach can be extended to full-scale AWJ-steel structure cutting simulation through appropriate management of SPH/FEA resources. With a validated model, researchers will be able to manipulate the variables in AWJ to study the efficacy of cutting optimization in offshore decommissioning operations. The novelty in this paper is that the coupled SPH-FEA technique to model Abrasive Water Jetting is used to model cutting of offshore structures. This validated coupled SPH-FEA modelling technique will enable engineers to design new cutting tools that can improve efficiency and efficacy of next generation offshore cutting tools.
Seeking the Proper Decommissioning Method in Gross Split Era
Authors: Junedi Karyadi
Published: November 2018

PT Pertamina Hulu Energi Offshore North-West Java (PHE ONWJ) presently operates a fleet of more than 200 fixed offshore platforms and nearly three quarters of these platforms have been in operation for more than 30 years. Under newly implemented Gross Split Production Sharing Contract (PSC) scheme, PHE ONWJ is driven to seek an effective and efficient method for offshore platform decommissioning. Three offshore decommissioning options, i.e. Total Removal for Onshore Disposal, Total Removal for Rig-to-Reef, and Leave-in-Situ for Mariculture are examined closely. A qualitative evaluation, which involves comparing the total expected cost of each option against its total expected benefits, is conducted in view of decommissioning drivers, i.e. Safety, Environment, Technical, Cost, and Social Impact to other sea user and community. The evaluation of the expected cost of each decommissioning options is presented. The first two options are subjected to high cost activities e.g. platform removal; mobilization and demobilization of derrick barge; and material disposal onshore or reefing site. The Leave-in-Situ for Mariculture option, on the other hand, is not exposed to those activities as it leaves the retired platform on its existing location and turns the structure into the site for offshore cage system fish farming. This is significant because in the Gross Split PSC scheme, PHE ONWJ is expected to be more prudent and focus on cost efficiency. The social impact of the Mariculture method is potentially important considering the rapid growing of global per capita fish consumption and the fact that there are no offshore cage systems fish farming using retired offshore platform in Indonesian waters or even Southeast area yet. The suitability of the proposed mariculture site of Offshore North West Java waters is further evaluated against the guidelines from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The Mariculture method can be not only the most cost efficient solution for offshore platform decommissioning, but also providing alternative technique to increase marine fish production.
Policy and Institution of Offshore Platform Decommissioning in Indonesia Oil and Gas Upstream Industry to Improve the Performance of Navigational Safety and State-Owned Asset Management
Authors: Amelia Sari , Latief Yusuf , Zawawi Noor Amila , Santos Achmad Jaka
Published: November 2018

The development of offshore upstream oil and gas industry in Indonesia was established in 1971 through the discovery of Arjuna Field in Nothern Java Sea by Atlantic Richfield Indonesia, Inc. (ARII). In 2017, 637 offshore platforms are installed in Indonesian water. Of these, 601 platforms are active and 36 of them are not. Furthermore, 17 of ready to be decommissioned platforms are now in write-off process. A research is conducted to study the policy and institution of offshore platform decommissioning with objective to improve the performance of navigational safety and state-owned asset management. Data of accidents in offshore installations showed some accidents between ship and production facility. These number of accidents in the water region is the key performance indicator (KPI) of authorized institution in Marine Affair which is related to navigational safety. Meanwhile, from state-owned asset management perspective, the success of offshore platform decommissioning will broaden the spectrum of experience of respective institutions, especially in area of Oil and Gas Asset Management. The study is part of applied research which utilized qualitative and quantitative methods. For pilot study, a stakeholder analysis was conducted to identify the key stakeholders of the offshore platform decommissioning program. Six variables were highlighted as latent variables in offshore platform decommissioning: (1) policy, (2) institution, (3) decommissioning method, (4) financing, (5) performance of navigational safety, and (6) performance of state-owned asset management. A conceptual framework was developed for modelling how each variable linkage to build an interaction model between policy, institution, decommissioning method, and financing to improve the performance of navigational safety and state-owned asset management. Structural Equation Model Partial Least Square (SEM PLS) was adopted for this purpose.
THE ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT AND STANDARDIZATION OF CHILDREN’S SUPPOSITORIES WITH EXTRACT OF LICORICE ROOT
Authors: Yarnykh Tatyana , Rukhmakova Olga
Published: November 2018

The aim of this work was the development of technology of rectal suppositories of immunomodulatory action for children and their standardization. To obtain suppositories, a licorice root extract, chamomile and tea tree essential oils were used. Given that the introduction of ingredients in a dissolved form is preferable, we studied the possibility of using emulsion suppository bases. To evaluate the compositions, the homogeneity and colloidal stability of the suppositories obtained were studied. Estimation of homogeneity, melting temperature, decay time, average mass was carried out according to the State Pharmacopoeia. To confirm the authenticity of the active ingredients, a chromatography method was used. The quantitative determination of glycyrrhizin acid was carried out by spectrophotometric method. Suppositories were prepared by the pouring method. The licorice root extract was added to the suppository when dissolved in the hydrophilic phase of the base. Essential oils of chamomile and tea tree were introduced when a solid fat of type A dissolved in a melt, at a temperature of (42.0±2.0) ºC. Optimum indices for the criteria of “homogeneity” and “colloidal stability” were noted for the samples of the composition: purified water, polysorbate-80, lecithin, solid fat type A. To prove the authenticity of the licorice root extract in suppositories, the chloroform-methanol-water system was optimal (26:14:3). Identification of essential oils on a gas chromatograph showed that on the chromatogram the peaks and retention times of the solution under study coincide with the peaks and retention times of the reference solutions. The conducted studies of quantitative determination of glycyrrhizin acid have shown that its content in one suppository is not less than 0.035 g in terms of glycyram.
MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES OF SOME N-AMIDOALKYLATED DERIVATIVES OF 2-AMINO-1,3,4-OXADIAZOLE AS POTENTIAL INHIBITORS OF GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE-3β
Authors: Zadorozhnii Pavlo , Pokotylo Ihor
Published: November 2018

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by pathological features of neurofibrillary tangles and β-amyloid plaques in the cerebral cortex. In Alzheimer's disease, tau protein undergoes excess phosphorylation, due to which its threads begin to merge and form neurofibrillary tangles within nerve cells. It has been shown that glycogen synthase kinase-3β is a key factor in the phosphorylation of tau protein, its increased activity leading to pathologies of neurofibrillary tangles and, consequently, to neurodegenerative changes in the brain. In this connection, the search for effective inhibitors of GSK-3β is a very important and urgent task, for their further use in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Aim of research.The aim of this study is to search new inhibitors of GSK-3β among N-amidoalkylated derivatives of 2-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazole by molecular docking methods. Materials and methods. We have carried out geometry optimization of analyzed structures within PM3 semi-empirical method, and GSK-3β molecular docking using software ArgusLab 4.0.1. The three-dimensional crystal structure of co-crystallizer GSK-3β and inhibitor has been loaded from the data bank of protein molecules (PDB ID: 3F7Z). Results. In this study it has been shown that the structures being studied mainly form stronger complexes with the enzyme compared to the known inhibitor. Based on the results of molecular docking, the compounds leaders N-(((5-(2-bromophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)amino)methyl)benzamide and 2,4-dichloro-N-(2,2,2-trichloro-1-((5-(p-tolyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)amino)ethyl)benzamide have been chosen. The structures of the compounds leaders have been tested for compliance with Lipinski criteria. Conclusions. Proposed compounds leaders can be recommended for further studies in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Despite the good results obtained in silico analysis, it is mandatory to perform biological tests in vitro and in vivo.
RESULTS OF MONITORING OF PRESCRIPTION OF POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS COMBINATIONS OF DRUGS IN PHARMACOTHERAPY UNDER INPATIENT TREATMENT
Authors: Hryshchuk Serhii
Published: November 2018

In case of combined pharmacotherapy, between drugs can occur interactions, which can be dangerous to the life and health of patients. Such combinations of drugs are considered to be one of the serious clinical problems, and are considered as errors that can be prevented. Therefore, it is relevant to determine the frequency of such appointments for further work on their prevention. Aim of the research. Determine the structure and prevalence of the appointments of potentially dangerous combinations of drugs in the treatment of patients under inpatient treatment for further optimization of pharmacotherapy. Materials and methods. In the automated mode, the lists of medical appointments of patients who were under inpatient treatment of 30 health facilities of Zhytomyr region in 2017 were monitored for the purpose of the simultaneous use of drugs, the interaction of which is dangerous. For further analysis by the levels of clinical significance using the Drug Interaction Checker system, the "Major" (hazardous) and "Moderate" (significant) combinations were selected on the Internet resource www.drugs.com. The frequency of the appointments of dangerous combinations, their prevalence by the nosological classes and the profiles of the offices of medical institutions was determined. Results. As a result of the monitoring of 69405 cases, it was found that the average number of prescriptions per patient was 5.6±1.2 titles. In 1390 cases of treatment (2.0 % of 69405) simultaneously prescribed medicines, the interaction of which could be dangerous. In the structure of dangerous combinations, 81.5 % is taken with the simultaneous administration of drugs containing active substances ketorolac and pentoxifylline. The frequency of potentially dangerous appointments was greatest in the treatment of patients with diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs (D50-D89) – 11.6 %, in diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99) – 7.7 %, in diseases of the nervous system – 5.0 % of all cases of treatment.
ANALYSIS OF PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF LEUKOCYTE AND HEMATOLOGICAL INDEXES OF INTOXICATION IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF SURGICAL SEPSIS
Authors: Pavliak Andrii
Published: November 2018

The mortality from surgical sepsis remains high and ranges from 17 to 83.7 %. The cause of high lethality is endogenous intoxication and multiple organ failure. The most common laboratory markers for determining the syndrome of endogenous intoxication in surgical sepsis are leukocyte and hematological intoxication indices, such as LII, HII, NII. Aim of the work: to study the predictive value of laboratory and hematological indicators of intoxication in the diagnosis of surgical sepsis. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of disease history and prospective follow-up of 41 patients treated for surgical sepsis in the Ivano-Frankivsk (Ukraine) Surgical Department of the CCCH in period between August 2015 and August 2018 was conducted. In the first day after the operation, all the patients been calculated the leukocyte index of intoxication, the hematological index of intoxication and the nuclear index of intoxication to assess their predictive and diagnostic significance. Methods of nonparametric statistics were used in the study: ROC-analysis, Mann-Whitney U-test, Spierman's criterion (Rs). Results. The results of the diagnostic and prognostic significance of LII, HII, NII for 1 day postoperative period, with regard to the prediction of lethality by means of ROC analysis, Mann-Whitney U-test, Spirman criteria (Rs) showed low sensitivity and specificity in patients with surgical sepsis. Common laboratory leukocyte and hematological non-specific indicators of endogenous intoxication determination have low prognostic and diagnostic significance in assessing the degree of endotoxicosis in surgical sepsis and can not serve as prognostic criteria for lethality. Conclusions. The problem of diagnosing endotoxicosis in surgical sepsis requires the further study and introduction into clinical practice of new specific and integrated clinical and laboratory methods for the quantitative determination of endotoxicosis, which could serve as a reliable diagnostic criterion in assessing the severity of the condition and the prediction of hospital mortality.
Yields of Early Planted Barley after Clipping or Grazing in a Semiarid Area
Authors: Yau Sui‐Kwong
Published: November 2018

In West Asia and North Africa, farmers may permit sheep (Ovis aries) to graze young barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) crops and then let the crops recover to allow grain harvest at maturity. The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that in a semiarid area, clipping or grazing before stem elongation on a suitable barley cultivar planted early in the season may not reduce grain and straw yields. Field experiments (1997–1998 to 1999–2000) were conducted in the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon at a site with Vertic Xerochrept soil and 513 mm of long‐term annual precipitation. Treatments were early planting with no clipping or grazing (ENG), early planting with early clipping or grazing (EG), and normal planting with no clipping or grazing (NNG). Hand clipping was performed in late winter to early spring before stem elongation in 1997–1998 and 1998–1999. In 1999–2000, sheep grazing was performed. There were large differences in weather conditions among the three seasons. Clipping or grazing removed 2400, 450, and 280 kg ha−1 dry matter in 1997–1998, 1998–1999, and 1999–2000, respectively. In comparison with the ENG and NNG treatments, the EG treatment did not reduce grain and straw yields in all years. In 1998–1999, the EG treatment yielded 1020 and 2130 kg ha−1 more grain and biological (grain + straw) yield, respectively, than the NNG treatment. Thus, if farmers in semiarid areas plant their barley crops early and then allow green‐stage grazing, they may gain a certain amount of nutritious forage without decreasing grain and straw production.
CERES‐Maize Predictions of Maize Phenology under Nitrogen‐Stressed Conditions in Nigeria
Authors: Gungula D. T. , Kling J. G. , Togun A. O.
Published: November 2018

Simulation models have the potential of greatly enhancing decision‐making by farmers and researchers in Nigeria. These models however, need to be adapted before use. This study was conducted to test the phenology module of CERES‐Maize model version 3.5 under varying N rates as a step toward adapting the model in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria. Data on seven late‐maturing cultivars of maize (Zea mays L.) grown under 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg N ha−1 in the field for two seasons were used for running the model. There was a linear relationship between N rates and days to silking and maturity with R2 values of > 0.70 for most of the cultivars, indicating that N strongly influenced phenology. Predictions of days to silking at high N rates (90 and 120 kg N ha−1) were close, with most prediction errors of <2 d. The highest deviations in the calibration results were 4 and 2 d for 90 and 120 kg N ha−1, respectively, while in the validation results, they were 1 and 2 d. Similarly, days to maturity were closely predicted by the model at high N rates with <2‐d deviations for most predictions. At low N rates, however, there were greater deviations in model predictions. This shows that the CERES‐Maize model can be reliably used for predicting maize phenology only under nonlimiting N conditions. Thus, a N stress factor needs to be incorporated into the model for more accurate phenology prediction in low‐N tropical soils.
A Contribuição da Reescrita para a Aprendizagem de Inglês-LE
Authors: Vieira Cristiane Rodrigues , Do Nascimento Raimundo Luiz
Published: November 2018

A partir de um estudo de caso feito com um informante, aluno do curso de Letras, português/inglês, da Universidade Regional do Cariri, discutiremos, neste artigo, como a reescrita é necessária para a diminuição dos erros na interlíngua escrita e consequente progresso de aprendizes durante o processo de aprendizagem de inglês-LE. Para atingir este propósito, apresentaremos os modelos de escrita propostos por Hayes; Flowers (1981), Seow (2002), a Teoria da Interlíngua, proposta por Selinker (1974), as pesquisas feitas por Menegassi (2001) e Fiad; Barros (2003) sobre reescrita de textos. A análise mostrou que mais da metade das formas incorretas foram corrigidas pelo próprio informante na fase da reescrita e, dos erros que permaneceram nesta fase, o informante só não conseguiu apontar a forma correta de dois deles, quando respondeu ao questionário de sondagem. Além do mais, o informante afirmou que alguns erros foram cometidos pela pressão de ter que escrever algo em pouco tempo. Esse estudo de caso indica que a maioria dos erros ocorre na fase do rascunho, que normalmente é a única chance que os alunos têm para escrever um texto e apresentá-lo ao/a professor/a para ser avaliado. Isso implica dizer que se ao aprendiz fossem dadas as oportunidades de reler e reescrever seus textos a maioria das formas erradas seria por ele mesmo corrigida, tornando-o mais conhecedor dos fatores operantes no desenvolvimento da sua interlíngua.
O Chat como Ferramenta Pedagógica: Experiências a partir do Curso de Letras Português-Inglês do IFCE – Campus Baturité
Authors: Silva Carlos Ulisses Moreira Teixeira , Carvalho Alanna Oliveira Pereira
Published: November 2018

Com o objetivo de investigar o chat como ferramenta pedagógica na formação inicial do professor, a presente pesquisa apresenta um estudo de caso da utilização do chat pelos discentes da disciplina de TICs aplicadas ao ensino do Curso de Licenciatura em Letras do IFCE - Campus Baturité, no semestre 2017.1. A pesquisa bibliográfica apresentou estudos e pesquisas como os de Xavier (2016), Kenski (2005), Lévy (2000) sobre a utilização das novas tecnologias e sua colaboração numa aprendizagem significativa. Além disso, os dados coletados juntos aos discentes da disciplina por meio de um questionário misto avaliativo da atividade de chat, possibilitou por meio da análise de conteúdo categorias fundamentais na constituição e entendimento do chat como ferramenta pedagógica, foram: a avaliação e autoavaliação da atividade do chat; as potencialidades do chat como ferramenta pedagógica e as dificuldades do chat pedagógico. Os dados analisados permitiram evidenciar que o chat possibilita uma dinamicidade e criatividade na aprendizagem dos discentes por meio da forte interação entre aluno-aluno e aluno-professor. Corroborando para a democratização do ensino, quando evidencia a participação de todos na discussão bem como na construção de ideias e sugestões acerca de determinada temática. No entanto, é necessário que o chat seja planejado e orientado para que os discentes, docente e monitor saibam do papel e função no exercício do ensino por meio da atividade à distância. O chat então, é potencializador de profundas modificações na estrutura conservadora da sala de aula, proporcionando reflexão sobre e na formação inicial e continuada de professores.
O Ensino na Perspectiva da Gramática Contextualizada: Análise das Orientações Curriculares do Estado do Ceará
Authors: Da Silva Tályson Marques
Published: November 2018

O ensino de Língua Portuguesa tem sido alvo de inúmeras discussões no âmbito acadêmico/escolar ao longo dos anos, principalmente no que tange às discussões sobre o estudo da gramática, normalmente desenvolvido de modo mecanizado, automatizado e normativo. Diante disso, novas estratégias metodológicas são apresentadas aos docentes de língua materna. Defende-se – nesta pesquisa – as eficácias do ensino de gramática que considera não a estrutura da língua por si, mas sim a sua efetiva e eficiente realização nos sistemas significantes (textos) produzidos nas mais diversas situações sociointeracionais das quais participam os sujeitos. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as informações presentes nas Orientações Curriculares do Estado do Ceará acerca da gramática contextualizada. Ancorou-se, teoricamente, nos pressupostos defendidos por Antunes (2014), que explora o papel da gramática no ensino de língua, defendendo-a na perspectiva contextualizada, entre outros autores. Em termos metodológicos, essa investigação foi realizada em duas etapas: 1) Levantamento teórico, caracterizada como bibliográfica, segundo Marconi e Lakatos (2003); 2) Análise do documento supracitado, o que aproxima esse trabalho de uma pesquisa documental. Os resultados mostraram que o documento faz alusão ao ensino contextualizado da gramática, afirmando, inclusive, que o ensino de Língua Portuguesa, no Ensino Médio, deve contemplar outras dimensões da língua, além da muito explorada dimensão metalinguística.
Uma Análise do Discurso Político Estudantil de Carina Vitral à Luz da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional e da Análise Crítica do Discurso
Authors: Rosa Jonathas da Silva , Souza Vilmar Ferreira de , Gomes Ingrid Mendes de Lima
Published: November 2018

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o discurso político estudantil para mostrar como Carina Vitral se representa e representa seus interlocutores no contexto dos últimos acontecimentos políticos no Brasil, tais como o impeachment da ex-presidente Dilma Rousseff, o governo do atual presidente Michel Temer, as prisões de membros do legislativo, a crise econômica do país e as manifestações populares que ocorreram nesse período. O trabalho se detém em analisar a construção discursiva da resistência estudantil em meio a esse novo quadro político. O corpus consiste de um texto, em língua portuguesa, publicado na página da website “Conversa afiada” escrito pela estudante de economia da PUC-SP - Carina Vitral, Ex-presidente da União Nacional dos Estudantes (UNE), página esta administrada pelo jornalista Paulo Henrique Amorim. A pesquisa utiliza como arcabouço teórico a Linguística Sistêmico-funcional de Halliday e Matthiessen (2014), a Análise Crítica do Discurso com base em Fairclough (2003) e o lugar do conceito de ideologia de DeSouza (2015). Da LSF utilizo o sistema de transitividade na descrição e interpretação linguística e da ACD, o conceito de ideologia. Os resultados obtidos com a análise em relação às categorias de transitividade mostraram duas macrofiguras. Na primeira, Carina Vitral é representada nos processos materiais como ator de resistência que faz frente ao governo vigente; na segunda, ela é representada nos processos relacionais, construindo uma relação dela com dois mundos opostos: o mundo do “nós” (UNE, ESTUDANTES E TRABALHADORES) e o mundo do “Eles” (GOVERNO).
Letramento Visual, Produção Escrita e Língua Inglesa: Se Fala sobre Tudo na Aula, até Inglês!
Authors: Oliveira Jonas Jandson Alves
Published: November 2018

O ensino de língua inglesa nas escolas públicas brasileiras deve contemplar objetivos educacionais além de conteúdos linguísticos. Pensar uma atuação crítica no contexto escolar, mais especificamente na sala de aula de inglês, requer, portanto, um diálogo com outras áreas do conhecimento. Este artigo tem como objetivo propor uma atividade que mescle letramento visual e produção textual em que a imagem não seja mero complemento do texto escrito. Busca também incluir assuntos de temas gerais nas discussões da sala de aula tomando como apoio noções de poder, diversidade e acesso (JANKS, 2016) e relações entre os domínios local e global. Algumas das produções resultantes da aplicação dessa proposta serão compartilhadas, comentadas e “estranhadas” no trabalho.
Caminhos Percorridos pela Geolinguística nos Sertões Cearenses: Pesquisa de Campo
Authors: Lima Fabiana dos Santos , Perin dos Santos Paula , Silva de Aragão Maria do Socorro
Published: November 2018

Enquanto se encontra no conforto do seu lar, rodeada de inúmeros textos científicos que lhe orientam acerca dos passos metodológicos que uma pesquisa geolinguística deve seguir, tudo parece simples, prático e rápido. No entanto, quando toda a metodologia planejada vai a campo, a situação se configura completamente diferente e os desafios que se apresentam devem ser superados, ou então, todo o trabalho projetado se desmorona. É com o intuito de relatar os desafios enfrentados pela pesquisadora em questão durante a pesquisa de campo do Atlas Linguístico dos Sertões Cearenses (ALSCe) que produzimos este trabalho. O ALSCe será um atlas linguístico que documentará o léxico e a morfossintaxe do falar cearense na mesorregião geograficamente definida como os Sertões Cearenses. Para que esse atlas se concretize é preciso passar por várias etapas, desde a escolha da localidade até a produção das cartas linguísticas. Com tudo isso, faz-se necessário que, após a definição das variáveis extralinguísticas (local, sexo, idade e escolaridade), realizemos a pesquisa de campo propriamente dita. É neste aspecto que discorremos ao longo deste trabalho para servir de orientação para futuros pesquisadores geolinguistas que, assim como nós, estarão dispostos a deixar o conforto de seus lares e se aventurarem pelo universo extraordinário da língua falada no cotidiano. Para alicerçar cientificamente nosso trabalho, recorremos a Caruso (1998), Brandão (2005), Alencar et al. (2016), Ferreira (2016).