bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation-based high-speed elongational rheometer for Carreau-type materials
Authors: Kannengießer Lukas , Arne Walter , Bier Alexander , Marheineke Nicole , Schubert Dirk W. , Wegener Raimund
Published: February 2025

For the simulation-based design of fiber melt spinning processes, the accurate modeling of the processed polymer with regard to its material behavior is crucial. In this work, we develop a high-speed elongational rheometer for Carreau-type materials, making use of process simulations and fiber diameter measurements. The procedure is based on a unified formulation of the fiber spinning model for all material types (Newtonian and quasi-Newtonian), whose material laws are strictly monotone in the strain rate. The parametrically described material law for the elongational viscosity implies a nonlinear optimization problem for the parameter identification, for which we propose an efficient, robust gradient-based method. The work can be understood as a proof of concept, a generalization to other, more complex materials is possible.
Noninvasive oxygenation and ventilation strategies for viral acute respiratory failure: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Carreño-Hernández Fredy Leonardo , Prieto Sergio , Abondando Daniela , Gaitán Jairo Alejandro , Cárdenas -Bolívar Yenny Rocío , Beltrán Adriana , Alvarado-Sánchez Jorge Iván , Nates Joseph L.
Published: February 2025

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a critical shortage of respiratory ventilators, highlighting the urgent need to explore alternative treatment options for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by respiratory viruses, as an alternative to invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in future pandemics.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of alternative noninvasive oxygenation and ventilation strategies in comparison to invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in patients with virus-induced acute respiratory failure (ARF). The primary outcome was the all-cause ICU mortality rate.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted following the Cochrane guidelines and PRISMA reporting guidelines. The search encompassed databases such as Medline, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Embase to identify relevant indexed literature. Additionally, gray literature was included by consulting regulatory agencies. The included studies compared various oxygenation and ventilatory alternatives, such as high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), or noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) with IMV. An exploratory meta-analysis was performed by calculating the risk ratio (RR) by random effects and meta-regression to explore possible sources of heterogeneity and to compare ventilatory alternatives against IMV to reduce mortality, length of stay (LOS) days in ICU, nosocomial infection, and barotrauma.

Results

A total of forty-seven studies were included in this systematic review. NIMV had an RR of 0.70 (0.58–0.85), HFNC had an RR of 0.54 (0.42–0.71), and CPAP had an RR of 0.80 (0.71–0.90), with meta-regression models that reduced heterogeneity to 0%. For LOS days in ICU, NIMV had 0.38 (− 0.69: − 0.08) lower days and HFNC 0.29 (− 0.64: 0.06) lower days with meta-regression models that reduction heterogeneity to 0% for HFNC and 50% for NIMV. Not enough studies reported nosocomial infection or barotrauma to evaluate them in a meta-analysis. The overall quality of evidence, as assessed by GRADE evaluation, was determined to be from very low to medium certainty depending on the ventilatory strategy and outcome.

Conclusions

The findings of this systematic review support the use of alternative noninvasive oxygenation and ventilation strategies as viable alternatives to conventional respiratory ventilation for managing viral-induced ARF. Although it is essential to interpret these findings with caution given the overall low to medium certainty of the evidence, the integration of these modalities as part of the management strategies of these patients could help reduce the utilization of ICU beds, invasive ventilators, and costs in both developed and developing countries.
Hydrogel-based nanoparticles: revolutionizing brain tumor treatment and paving the way for future innovations
Authors: Shadab Alireza , Farokhi Simin , Fakouri Arshia , Mohagheghzadeh Neda , Noroozi Ali , Razavi Zahra Sadat , Karimi Rouzbahani Arian , Zalpoor Hamidreza , Mahjoor Mohamad
Published: February 2025

Brain tumor treatment remains a significant challenge due to their high mortality and resistance to current therapies. This paper discusses the promising potential of hydrogel-based nanoparticles as innovative drug delivery systems for brain tumor therapy. Extensive characterization techniques reveal the ability of these Nano-systems to demonstrate prolonged blood circulation and targeted delivery, leading to improved survival rates. Designed with optimized physicochemical characteristics, these nanoparticles effectively cross the blood–brain barrier, circumventing a major impediment to drug delivery to the brain. By delivering drugs directly to the tumor bed, these nanoparticles enhance therapeutic outcomes and minimize adverse effects. In addition, this review investigates the techniques for characterizing, visualizing, and modifying these nanoparticles, as well as the standing challenges and promising research avenues for their clinical application. Further investigations are encouraged by this review to investigate potential advancements in hydrogel-based nanoparticle therapeutic approaches for brain tumors. This includes investigating tailored hydrogels, hybrid systems, computational modeling, and the integration of gene therapy and immunotherapy techniques. The study also addresses the need for enhanced synthesis techniques, stability, scalability, and cost-cutting measures to overcome obstacles and advance the clinical use of hydrogel-based nanoparticles in treating brain tumors.

Graphical abstract
Risk of suicide in a sample of Egyptian high school adolescent students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rabie Eman S. , Soltan Marwa , Elrassas Hanan , Khairy Atteya , Ali Moatazbellah I.
Published: February 2025

Background

A lethal incident of self-harm with desire to die is called suicide. Every year, suicide claims the lives of more than 800,000 individuals globally. Teenagers and younger adults commit suicide on a regular basis. In late childhood and early adulthood, it is one of the primary triggers of death. Negative social and economic consequences and negative psychological consequences have been linked to it. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and risk factors of suicidal ideation and behavior in adolescents’ students attending high school in Cairo. Throughout the educational year (September 2021 to June 2022), a cross-sectional study was carried on 553 students. A detailed medical and sociodemographic information were obtained. The Suicide Possibility Scale (SPS) was used to assess the likelihood of suicide, while the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), which consists of 28 items, was used to assess the likelihood of mental illness.

Results

Screening among 553 high school students, it was shown that 11.03 percent of high school students were likely to have suicidal ideas or attempted suicide (scores ≥ 25) based on the SPS (Arabic version); females were more probable to do so (12.9 percent) than males (8.2%). Results from the Arabic version of GHQ_28 survey showed that 17.54% of the assessed students had a moderate to high risk of having a mental illness issue (scores < 7). There was a significant positive correlation among the total GHQ-28 score and various SPS score components for students in their first, second, and third grades level. Age, non-suicidal self-injury, and positive personal history of suicidal ideas for the student in the whole study group were non-significantly correlated (P > 0.05) with larger Suicide Probability Scale scores. While positive personal history of suicidal attempts, positive psychiatric illnesses and positive family history of suicide showed a significant correlated (P ≤ 0.05) with larger Suicide Probability Scale scores.

Conclusions

Screening among adolescent high school students found that 11.03% of them had a probable risk of suicide with higher risk in females than in males that increased with age. Risk of suicide among students was associated with history of attempted suicide and psychiatric illness. So, early detection and management of students with psychiatric illness could decrease risk of suicide among them.
The role of microorganisms and microbial enzymes in commercial fermented mushroom production: a comprehensive review of their action mechanisms, quality attributes and health benefits
Authors: Farag Mohamed A. , Kamal Nurkhalida , Hamezah Hamizah Shahirah , Saleh Merna , Zhang Jiachao , Mediani Ahmed , Baky Mostafa H.
Published: February 2025

Recently, fermented mushrooms are widely consumed worldwide owing to their nutritional, sensory, and health-promoting properties. The edible mushrooms are used as food and food flavoring due to their complex pleasant taste and aroma. Four well-known and most commonly included edible mushroom species are Ganoderma lucidum, Morchella esculenta, Lentinula edodes and Hericium erinaceus. Several studies have demonstrated that bioactive compounds from mushrooms exert remarkable biological activities, however, they have low oral bioavailability, restricting their therapeutic application. Fermentation is a method of preserving and transforming raw mushrooms into high-quality, value-added products by utilizing the technology of microorganisms and enzymes. This study provides a multifaceted review on mushroom fermentation from several perspectives including: 1) Different types of fermentation employed in commercial mushroom preparation including lactic acid and enzyme fermentation. 2) Production conditions, fermented mushroom in the market, and associated biochemical changes in fermented mushroom products. 3) Fermentation effect on bioavailability, sensory, and nutritional value of fermented mushrooms. 4) Safety concerns and health prospects of available fermented mushroom products and their health benefits were also introduced herein.

Graphical Abstract
Unusual presentation of anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta: case report
Authors: Elhudairy Mohamed , Alkhushi Naif , Al-Radi Osman , Maghrabi Khadijah , Abdelmohsen Gaser
Published: February 2025

Background

Anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery (AORPA) from the ascending aorta is a rare congenital anomaly, representing approximately 0.12% of all congenital heart defects. Early diagnosis and timely intervention are essential to prevent severe complications such as heart failure and pulmonary vascular disease.

Case presentation

We report a case of a full term neonate presented with respiratory distress and cyanosis. Echocardiography revealed an anomalous right pulmonary artery (RPA) origin from the ascending aorta, a large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with right-to-left shunt, and moderate tricuspid regurgitation. Despite initial management with prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) infusion, discontinuation of the drug led to clinical deterioration characterized by severe metabolic acidosis and low cardiac output syndrome. Resuming PGE1 infusion stabilized the patient’s hemodynamics and improved systemic blood flow, allowing for successful surgical repair.

Conclusion

In cases of AORPA associated with aortic arch flow reversal, pulmonary hypertension, and inadequate interatrial communication, maintaining PDA patency with PGE1 infusion until surgical repair is critical for survival. The right-to-left flow across the PDA counteracts the steal from the aorta and decompresses the right ventricle, preventing right ventricular failure and maintaining systemic blood flow.

Graphical abstract
A unified framework for evaluating robustness of Machine Learning Interpretability for Prospect Risking
Authors: Chowdhury Prithwijit , Mustafa Ahmad , Prabhushankar Mohit , AlRegib Ghassan
Published: February 2025

In geophysics, hydrocarbon prospect risking involves assessing the risks associated with hydrocarbon exploration by integrating data from various sources. Machine learning-based classifiers trained on tabular data have been recently used to make faster decisions on these prospects. The lack of transparency in the decision-making processes of such models has led to the emergence of explainable AI. Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME) and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) are two such examples of these explainability methods which aim to generate insights about a particular decision by ranking the input features in terms of importance. However, results of the same scenario generated by these two different explanation approaches have been shown to disagree or diverge, particularly for complex data. This discrepancy arises because the concepts of “importance” and “relevance” are defined differently across these approaches. Thus, grounding these ranked features using theoretically backed causal notions of necessity and sufficiency can serve as a more reliable and robust way to enhance the trustworthiness of these methodologies. We propose a unified framework to generate counterfactuals, quantify necessity and sufficiency, and use these measures to perform a robustness evaluation of the insights provided by LIME and SHAP on high-dimensional structured prospect risking data. This robustness test yields deeper insights into the models capabilities to handle erroneous data and reveals which explainability module pairs most effectively with which model for our dataset for hydrocarbon indicators.
Unsupervised deep learning for off-the-grid seismic reconstruction and denoising
Authors: Li Chao , Saad Omar M. , Chen Yangkang
Published: February 2025

Seismic data should ideally be acquired on a regular Cartesian grid for easier subsequent processing, such as denoising, inversion, and imaging. However, due to acquisition limitations and obstacles lying in the direction of seismic survey lines, seismic data is often sampled non-uniformly, thus making off-the-grid (OTG) data regularization necessary. We propose a deep learning (DL) based method, guided by the projection onto convex sets (POCS) scheme for simultaneous OTG denoising and reconstruction, namely DLOTG. The network utilizes fully connected (FC) layers to map features into a latent space, while transformers with attention mechanisms and skip connections are used to enhance feature extraction, enabling a better restoration of the useful signals and removal of noise. Following an iterative POCS, the framework will refine the output, gradually regularizing data and improving its quality. More importantly, the proposed DLOTG method can be implemented in an unsupervised manner, making it suitable for unlabeled data and enhancing generalization. It is more robust than conventional OTG reconstruction methods, and it preserves weak signals better. Synthetic and field tests demonstrate its effectiveness in data reconstruction and noise attenuation, particularly with high missing rates (i.e., 50%) and noise levels.
Wave-Equation Moment Tensor Inversion of Microseismic Events Using Multi-Well DAS Recording
Authors: Shimony Eyal , Lellouch Ariel
Published: February 2025

The directional nature of Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) measurements can limit their usefulness for moment tensor estimation, which is traditionally inverted using multi-component sensors. However, we show that moment tensor inversion using DAS data acquired in a dual-well microseismic monitoring scenario can yield reliable estimations of all moment tensor components. Our approach is based on the adaptation of a linear waveform inversion method, utilizing 3-D anisotropic viscoelastic Green's functions, to DAS data. We estimate the moment tensors of 20 microseismic events recorded at the Hydraulic Fracturing Test Site II (HFTS2) site after relocation and velocity model updates. We observe a very good match between field and synthetic data generated using the inverted moment tensors. Accurate event locations and reasonable velocity models are important for successful moment tensor inversion. Resolution analysis of each moment tensor component, taking into account the influence of the array and the noise-dependent uncertainty, shows that the unidirectional recording of DAS is not a limiting factor for this acquisition geometry. Noise unevenly influences the uncertainty of the different moment tensor components, but most of them remain resolvable for most events even with low signal-to-noise ratio. We show that the horizontal parts of the array contribute mostly to Mxx, Myy, and Mxy, whereas the vertical parts are important for Mzz, Myz, and Mxz. The inversion and resolution analysis methodology is scale-independent and can be used to study the moment tensor resolution of alternative acquisition geometries in microseismic monitoring configurations or seismological studies.
Integrated Bayesian Approach for Station Location and Orientation in Marine Active-Source Seismic Studies
Authors: Dunn Robert A. , Cryder Morgan E. , Xu Chong
Published: February 2025

In marine active-source seismic studies wherein ocean bottom seismographs are deployed via free-fall from a ship, accurately determining the location and orientation of the instrument poses challenges, especially when relying solely on the travel times of water-borne waves from air gun shots to the station, particularly with a limited distribution of shots. In this study we develop and investigate the utility of a novel methodology that integrates both travel time and waveform polarization data of acoustic waves to enhance the precision of station location. Utilizing polarization data has the potential to significantly reduce location uncertainty, particularly in the across-line direction, and provides a valuable estimate of the orientation of the horizontal channels. Employing Bayesian inference allows for mapping the relative likelihood of station position, considering tradeoffs due to shot geometry and several embedded assumptions. We explore the utility of particle motion polarization information to enhance instrument location and discuss various factors that come into play when employing polarization measurements.
Neuropsychiatric adverse events associated with Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a pharmacovigilance analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database
Authors: Lu Wenchao , Wang Shihan , Tang Huilin , Yuan Tao , Zuo Wei , Liu Yuling
Published: February 2025

Background

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are widely used due to their profound efficacy in glycemic control and weight management. Real-world observations have revealed potential neuropsychiatric adverse events (AEs) associated with GLP-1RAs. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate and characterize these neuropsychiatric AEs with GLP-1RAs.

Methods

We analyzed GLP-1RA adverse reaction reports using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database. Disproportionality analysis using reporting odds ratio (ROR) identified eight categories of neuropsychiatric AEs associated with GLP-1RAs. We conducted descriptive and time-to-onset (TTO) analyses and explored neuropsychiatric AE signals among individual GLP-1RAs for weight loss and diabetes mellitus (DM) indications.

Results

We identified 25,110 cases of GLP-1RA-related neuropsychiatric AEs. GLP-1RAs showed an association with headache (ROR 1.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.65–1.84), migraine (ROR 1.28, 95%CI 1.06–1.55), and olfactory and sensory nerve abnormalities (ROR 2.44, 95%CI 1.83–3.25; ROR 1.69, 95%CI 1.54–1.85). Semaglutide showed a moderate suicide-related AEs signal in the weight loss population (ROR 2.55, 95%CI 1.97–3.31). The median TTO was 16 days (interquartile range: 3–66 days).

Conclusions

In this study, we identified eight potential neuropsychiatric adverse events (AEs) associated with GLP-1RAs and, for the first time, detected positive signals for migraine, olfactory abnormalities, and sensory abnormalities. We also observed positive suicide-related signals of semaglutide, in weight loss population. This study provides a reliable basis for further investigation of GLP-1RA-related neuropsychiatric AEs. However, as an exploratory study, our findings require confirmation through large-scale prospective studies.
Chimeric CYP21A1P/CYP21A2 Genes in 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency Detected by Long-Read Sequencing and Phenotypes Correlation
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxia , Gao Yinjie , Lu Lin , Cao Yaqing , Zhang Wei , Wu Xueyan , Tong Anli , Chen Shi , Wang Xi , Mao Jiangfeng , Nie Min
Published: February 2025

Context

21-Hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) is caused by pathogenic variants in CYP21A2. High homology between CYP21A2 and its pseudogene CYP21A1P causes mismatches, leading to deletions and CYP21A1P/CYP21A2 chimeras.

Objective

To detect chimeric CYP21A1P/CYP21A2 in 21-OHD patients using long-read sequencing (LRS) and analyze genotype-phenotype correlations.

Methods

From 2015 to 2023, 869 21-OHD patients were enrolled at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, with 113 identified harboring CYP21A2 large deletion. Long-range PCR and LRS were used to identify the types of CYP21A1P/CYP21A2 chimeric. Haplotype analysis explored founder effects, and in vitro assays assessed the functional impact of novel mutations. Clinical data were retrospectively collected and patients were classified into 4 groups based on genotypes and residual enzyme activity to study genotype-phenotype correlations.

Results

Ten types of chimeric CYP21A1P/CYP21A2 genes were identified across 119 alleles, including a novel type, CH-10. The most common, CH-1, accounted for 50.4% of all types. Haplotype analysis of 24 SNPs within CYP21A1P/CYP21A2 CH-1 revealed 25 haplotypes, with haplotype 11 being the most prevalent. Variants p.L100P and p.L301V of CYP21A2 showed enzyme activities of 1.36 ± 0.44% or 1.63 ± 0.19% for 17-hydroxyprogesterone to 11-deoxycortisol, and 1.36 ± 0.58% or 3.99 ± 1.09% for progesterone to 11-deoxycorticosterone, respectively, linked to the simple virilizing type. Genotype-phenotype consistency rates were 78.6% to 84% across the 4 groups.

Conclusion

LRS is a comprehensive genetic testing method for 21-OHD patients, effectively detecting both CYP21A2 gene variants and CYP21A1P/CYP21A2 chimeric gene types. This study expands the CYP21A2 variant spectrum by identifying a novel chimera. Haplotype analysis revealed diverse haplotypes for each chimeric gene type, suggesting the absence of a common founder effect. The strong genotype-phenotype correlation aids genetic counseling and supports personalized treatment.
46,XX Testicular Disorder of Sex Development (DSD) Presenting With Male Hypogonadism
Authors: Chin Run Ting , Mok Shao Feng
Published: February 2025

Disorders of sex development are genetically complex, and phenotypes range from hypospadias to completely masculinized or feminized genitalia with a discordant karyotype. They arise as a result of alterations in gonad formation (sex determination stage) or function (sex differentiation stage). Reaching a specific diagnosis with the aid of molecular technologies is important for individualized management, genetic counseling, and prognostic prediction for fertility and risk of tumor development. This case report describes a young adult male who was referred initially with concern for Klinefelter syndrome based on a commercial genetic test. His laboratory investigations revealed hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, azoospermia, and a chromosomal karyotype of 46,XX. He was eventually diagnosed with 46,XX testicular disorder of sex development. He was initiated on testosterone replacement therapy and offered adoption and use of donor sperm for artificial reproduction techniques.
A Novel and Rare Pathogenic Gene Variant in 2 Patients With Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN-1) Syndrome
Authors: LeSarge Jordan C , Rjoob Hani , Clemens Kristin K , Van Uum Stan , Schenkel Laila C , Khan Tayyab S
Published: February 2025

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) is a syndrome characterized by development of tumors including parathyroid adenomas, duodenopancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, and pituitary adenomas. We describe 1 patient with a novel and another with a rare pathogenic MEN-1 variant. Case 1 was a 61-year-old woman with recurrent hypercalcemia who ultimately required a subtotal parathyroidectomy, with a thymectomy revealing a thymoma. She then developed a gastrinoma requiring pancreatectomy and also had a biochemically nonfunctioning sellar mass. Genetic testing found a novel MEN1:c.1192delC, p.(Gln398Argfs*47) pathogenic variant. Case 2 was a 38-year-old woman with a family history of MEN-1, who had recurrent hypercalcemia and nephrolithiasis requiring a subtotal parathyroidectomy. She had a macroprolactinoma, but no pancreatic lesions. Genetic testing found a rare MEN1:c.784-9G > A pathogenic variant. MEN-1 syndrome should be considered in patients presenting with 1 or more classical MEN-1-associated tumors based on clinical suspicion.
Genome Wide Association Study on Muscle Stiffness Identified Novel Locus for Predisposition to Muscle Strain Injury
Authors: Miyamoto-Mikami Eri , Zempo Hirofumi , Kumagai Hiroshi , Hirata Kosuke , Takaragawa Mizuki , Yoshihara Toshinori , Fuku Mizuho , Kikuchi Naoki , Kamiya Nobuhiro , Miyamoto Naokazu , Fuku Noriyuki
Published: February 2025

Purpose

We aimed to screen the entire genome for genetic variants associated with passive muscle stiffness, which has been suggested as a risk factor for muscle strain injury.

Methods

This genome-wide association study (GWAS) on passive muscle stiffness included 350 physically active young Japanese individuals. Three hamstring constituents were measured using ultrasound shear wave elastography. Skeletal muscle transcriptomes were compared across the genotypes of GWAS-identified variants in 48 healthy Japanese individuals. Association between GWAS-identified variants and history of muscle strain injury were examined in 1,428 Japanese athletes.

Results

Two loci on chromosome 11 demonstrated a genome-wide significant association with passive muscle stiffness of the biceps femoris long head (rs12807854 T/C: P = 5.19 × 10−10, rs78405694 T/C: P = 2.09 × 10−8; linear regression analysis adjusted for sex, age, and stretching exercise habits). Skeletal muscle RNA sequencing revealed significantly elevated expression of extracellular matrix-related genes in muscles carrying stiffness-increasing alleles of these variants. Among athletes, rs12807854 T/C was significantly associated with a history of muscle strain injury (P = 0.0254; logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, competitive level, and main sport). Carriers of the C allele, associated with increased muscle stiffness, exhibited a heightened risk of muscle strain injury (odds ratio: 1.62; 95% confidence interval: 1.06–2.47 per C allele increase). In contrast, rs78405694 did not show a significant association with muscle strain injury in this population.

Conclusions

A novel locus associated with passive muscle stiffness and muscle strain injury was identified. Elucidating the detailed mechanisms linking the identified locus to passive muscle stiffness may lead to the development of new strategies to prevent muscle strain injuries.
Επίδραση της μειωμένης συχνότητας προπόνησης με αντιστάσεις στη μυϊκή απόδοση και τη μυϊκή μάζα
Authors: Μπάμπουλης Θωμάς
Published: February 2025

Σκοπός της μελέτης ήταν ο προσδιορισμός της αποτελεσματικότητας της μειωμένης συχνότητας άσκησης που ακολουθεί μετά από 12 εβδομάδες συνδυαστικής προπόνησης δύναμης/ισχύος και αερόβιας άσκησης, στη μυϊκή υπερτροφία/δύναμη/ισχύ, αερόβια ισχύ και οστική πυκνότητα σε νεαρές δραστήριες γυναίκες. Τριάντα-τέσσερις (34) νεαρές δραστήριες γυναίκες ακολούθησαν 12 εβδομάδες συνδυαστικής προπόνησης με αντιστάσεις για τα άνω και κάτω άκρα και αερόβια προπόνηση. Έπειτα, χωρίστηκαν σε 3 ισοδύναμες ομάδες και συνέχισαν για άλλες 12 εβδομάδες ως εξής: η ομάδα 1/7 προπονούταν μια φορά την εβδομάδα (1/7), η ομάδα 1/14 μια φορά κάθε 14 μέρες (1/14) και η ομάδα αποπροπόνησης σταμάτησε να προπονείται (ΟΑ). Στη συνέχεια, όλες οι ομάδες ακολούθησαν 12 επιπλέον εβδομάδες διακοπής της άσκησης. Η αρχιτεκτονική δομή και η εγκάρσια επιφάνεια του τετρακέφαλου μυός, η αρχιτεκτονική δομή της μακράς κεφαλής του τρικέφαλου μυός, η αερόβια ικανότητα, η δύναμη/ισχύς κάτω/άνω άκρων, η σύσταση σώματος και η οστική πυκνότητα, αξιολογήθηκαν πριν και μετά την περίοδο προπόνησης και αποπροπόνησης. Για την εύρεση ποσοστιαίων διαφορών μεταξύ των ομάδων μετά την συστηματική προπόνηση (Τ1 έως Τ2) χρησιμοποιήθηκε t-test. Χρησιμοποιήθηκε ανάλυση διασποράς επαναλαμβανόμενων μετρήσεων (ANOVA) για έλεγχο της αλληλεπίδρασης μεταξύ της προπονητικής παρέμβασης και των χρονικών σημείων (Τ2 έως Τ5) και για την εύρεση διαφορών μεταξύ των ομάδων (1/7, 1/14 και ΟΑ). Η επίδοση και η μυϊκή μάζα αυξήθηκαν μετά το τέλος της συστηματικής προπόνησης. Η μέγιστη δύναμη κάτω/άκρων, η εγκάρσια επιφάνεια του τετρακέφαλου μυός και η αερόβια ισχύς δεν άλλαξαν μετά το τέλος της μειωμένης συχνότητας προπόνησης στην ομάδα 1/7, ενώ μείωση υπήρξε στην ομάδα 1/14 (-4,4±3,5%; -5,9±4,9%; -5.9±1.8%; -9.0±7.8%, αντίστοιχα, p0,05). Αυτά τα αποτελέσματα υποδηλώνουν ότι η μυϊκή δύναμη των κάτω/άνω άκρων, η μυϊκή μάζα και αερόβια ισχύς διατηρούνται όταν η συχνότητα προπόνησης μειώνεται σε μία προπόνηση κάθε εβδομάδα, διατηρώντας υψηλή ένταση προπόνησης, ενώ με μία προπόνηση κάθε 14 ημέρες διατηρείται το 90-95% των προσαρμογών, μετά από 12 εβδομάδες μειωμένης προπόνησης. Αντίθετα, η μυϊκή ισχύς των άνω άκρων μειώνεται σημαντικά κάνοντας προπόνηση μια φορά κάθε εβδομάδα ή μία φορά κάθε 14 ημέρες, διατηρώντας όμως, μετά από 12 εβδομάδες μειωμένης προπόνησης το 95% και 90%, αντίστοιχα, των προσαρμογών από τη συστηματική προπόνησης, διατηρώντας υψηλή ένταση προπόνησης.
Το ριψοκίνδυνο παιχνίδι στο Ελληνικό νηπιαγωγείο: Οπτικές και πρακτικές
Authors: Μπιρμπίλη Μαρία , Κυριακίδου Μαρία
Published: February 2025

Ερευνητές από διαφορετικά πολιτισμικά πλαίσια συζητούν ολοένα και περισσότερο σχετικά με την ισορροπία μεταξύ της ασφάλειας των παιδιών κατά το παιχνίδι και της ανάγκης τους να ρισκάρουν και να δοκιμάσουν τις δυνάμεις τους σε διάφορα επίπεδα. Από πρόσφατη αναζήτηση στην ελληνική βιβλιογραφία προέκυψε ότι οι έρευνες που μελετούν το ριψοκίνδυνο παιχνίδι των παιδιών στο ελληνικό νηπιαγωγείο είναι περιορισμένες. Μέσα στο πλαίσιο αυτό, η παρούσα έρευνα στόχο της είχε να διερευνήσει πώς αντιλαμβάνονται την έννοια του ριψοκίνδυνου παιχνιδιού Έλληνες και Ελληνίδες νηπιαγωγοί και κατά πόσο το επιτρέπουν ως είδος παιχνιδιού στους χώρους του νηπιαγωγείου. Στην έρευνα συμμετείχαν 20 εκπαιδευτικοί που εργάζονται σε δημόσια νηπιαγωγεία και η συλλογή των δεδομένων έγινε με ημι-δομημένες συνεντεύξειςΟι συνεντεύξεις απομαγνητοφωνήθηκαν και η επεξεργασία τους έγινε με τη μέθοδο της θεματικής ανάλυσης. Από την ανάλυση των δεδομένων προκύπτει, μεταξύ άλλων, ότι οι συμμετέχοντες, ως ριψοκίνδυνο παιχνίδι ορίζουν συμπεριφορές των παιδιών που θεωρούν ότι ενέχουν κίνδυνο για τη σωματική ακεραιότητά τους, όπως για παράδειγμα το ανέβασμα στα τραπέζια ή τα παγκάκια της τάξης, ο συνωστισμός σε παιχνίδια της αυλής ή το σκαρφάλωμα σε δέντρα και κατασκευές. Ενώ στην πλειονότητά τους οι εκπαιδευτικοί φαίνεται να αναγνωρίζουν τον ενθουσιασμό των παιδιών όταν ρισκάρουν στο παιχνίδι και να μπορούν να διακρίνουν τα οφέλη που πηγάζουν από αυτές τις δράσεις, ταυτόχρονα φαίνεται να φοβούνται τον «υπέρμετρο ενθουσιασμό αυτής της ηλικίας» και προσπαθούν να τον τιθασεύσουν με απαγορεύσεις οι οποίες επιβάλλονται, ως επί το πλείστον, προκαταβολικά. Τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας συζητούνται από την οπτική της επαγγελματικής ανάπτυξης των εκπαιδευτικών.
Το Minecraft ως μέσο προώθησης δεξιοτήτων υπολογιστικής σκέψης στην προσχολική ηλικία: μια μελέτη περίπτωσης με δύο ομάδες νηπίων
Authors: Καρασαββίδης Ηλίας , Φιδάνα Σοφία
Published: February 2025

Η παρούσα εργασία εξετάζει αφενός την ανάδυση δεξιοτήτων Υπολογιστικής Σκέψης (ΥΣ) σε δραστηριότητες χωρίς και με υπολογιστή και αφετέρου το πως το ψηφιακό παιχνίδι Minecraft συνεισφέρει στην ανάδυση των δεξιοτήτων αυτών στο πλαίσιο της προσχολικής εκπαίδευσης. Οι δεξιότητες ΥΣ που εξετάζονται είναι: Αποσύνθεση, Χρονική Αλληλουχία, Αναγνώριση Μοτίβου και Αλγοριθμική Σκέψη. Στη μελέτη περίπτωσης που περιγράφεται συμμετείχαν συνολικά τέσσερα παιδιά προσχολικής ηλικίας. Η διδακτική παρέμβαση διήρκεσε μία εβδομάδα για κάθε δυάδα παιδιών και περιλάμβανε δύο δραστηριότητες χωρίς υπολογιστή (unplugged) και μία με υπολογιστή (plugged) στο Minecraft. Στην εργασία αυτή εξετάζονται πτυχές της δραστηριότητας με υπολογιστή όπου τα παιδιά αρχικά επεξεργάστηκαν το παραμύθι «Τα τρία μικρά λυκάκια» και στη συνέχεια κλήθηκαν να το αναδημιουργήσουν στο Minecraft. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι (α) αναδύθηκαν διαφορετικές δεξιότητες ΥΣ στα έργα χωρίς και με υπολογιστή και (β) το Minecraft παρείχε μοναδικές δυνατότητες που επέτρεψαν μια πολύ ανοικτή υλοποίηση των έργων. Η εργασία ολοκληρώνεται με μια συζήτηση των αποτελεσμάτων της έρευνας σε σχέση με την υφιστάμενη βιβλιογραφία.
Μαθαίνουμε παίζοντας παρέα με τον χώρο: μια ερευνητική προσέγγιση στο νηπιαγωγείο
Authors: Γκλούμπου Αλεξάνδρα , Κακανά Δόμνα Μίκα
Published: February 2025

Το παιχνίδι αποτελεί μία από τις πιο σημαντικές πτυχές στην πορεία ανάπτυξης και μάθησης του παιδιού. Είναι μία πολύπλοκη και πολυεπίπεδη δραστηριότητα. Το παιδί καθώς παίζει σε διαφορετικές ενότητες χώρου δίνει στο παιχνίδι μορφές που σχετίζονται με την προσωπικότητα και τις εμπειρίες του και οι οποίες διαφοροποιούνται εξαιτίας της δυναμικής αλληλεπίδρασης του ίδιου με τους συνομηλίκους, με τους ενήλικες, με τον χώρο και τα υλικά. Σκοπός του ερευνητικού προγράμματος ήταν οι οργανωμένες δραστηριότητες να βασίζονται στο παιχνίδι (play based learning) σε συνδυασμό με την εφαρμογή συνεργατικής μάθησης και την ευέλικτη χρήση του χώρου και των ανοιχτών υλικών. Η μέθοδος που χρησιμοποιήθηκε ήταν η συνεργατική έρευνα δράση, επειδή αποτελεί μία συνεργατική προσπάθεια ανάμεσα στους ερευνητές και τις εκπαιδευτικούς προκειμένου να συνδυάσουν αποτελεσματικά τη θεωρία, με την εμπειρία και την πράξη με απώτερο σκοπό τον εμπλουτισμό της εκπαιδευτικής διαδικασίας με καινοτόμες πρακτικές. Το δείγμα ήταν 52 παιδιά, ηλικίας 3,5-6 ετών. Η διάρκεια της έρευνας ήταν έξι μήνες. Τα μεθοδολογικά εργαλεία που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν ήταν το ημερολόγιο, ένα ηλεκτρονικό ερωτηματολόγιο για τις νηπιαγωγούς των τμημάτων κι ένας οδηγός συνέντευξης για τα παιδιά, με ερωτήσεις ανοιχτού και κλειστού τύπου, που διενεργήθηκαν μετά τη λήξη του ερευνητικού προγράμματος. Χρησιμοποιήθηκε, επίσης, συστηματική φωτογράφιση και βιντεοσκόπηση. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι η συστηματική ενσωμάτωση του παιχνιδιού στις οργανωμένες δραστηριότητες, με την ευέλικτη χρήση του χώρου της τάξης από τα παιδιά και τις νηπιαγωγούς οδήγησαν στη δημιουργία μίας συνεργατικής κουλτούρας στην τάξη, με αυξημένο επίπεδο επικοινωνίας και αλληλεπιδράσεων, καλλιέργεια δεξιοτήτων επίλυσης προβλήματος και αυξημένη συμμετοχή των παιδιών στις δραστηριότητες.
Food consumption and adherence to dietary guidelines among Jordanian children and adolescents
Authors: Alkhatib Buthaina , Al Hourani Huda , Al-Shami Islam K. , Al-Jawaldeh Ayoub
Published: February 2025

Background Early-life food consumption patterns may affect children’s health by increasing susceptibility to developing non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) in adulthood. Aims To evaluate Jordanian children and adolescents’ energy and macronutrient intake and how closely they adhere to dietary recommendations. Methods This cross-sectional study used data from Jordan’s Population-based Food Consumption Survey, a household population-based study conducted in Jordan between 2021 and 2022 (561 children and adolescents 8-19 years). Dietary intake was assessed using the two non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recall methods (24-h DR). The estimated food group and nutrient intakes were compared to nutritional recommendations, including MyPlate dietary guidelines. Results The prevalence of overweight/obese individuals based on body mass index (BMI) was 44%, and the average waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was 24.7%. Compared to MyPlate dietary guidelines, children and adolescents had a higher added sugar intake (57g/day). Also, consuming vegetables, fruits, and dairy fell short of MyPlate dietary guidelines. The total discretionary calorie intake in children and adolescents was approximately one-third of the total energy intake. Conclusion The food consumption of Jordanian children and adolescents includes high intakes of discretionary calories, with a low intake of fruits, vegetables, and dairy products. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was elevated compared to international norms.
Influence of spin-off decision on financing risk: Empirical insight from Indonesian Islamic banks
Authors: Pambuko Zulfikar Bagus , Sriyana Jaka , Affandi Akhsyim , Hakim Abdul
Published: February 2025

Background Spin-offs play a significant role in organizational development strategies, particularly in Islamic banking, by fostering entrepreneurship, innovation, and Shariah-compliant management practices. Indonesia stands as a pioneer in implementing the dual banking system and has established a spin-off policy to foster the growth of Islamic banking. This study investigates whether the spin-off decision has a significant impact on financing risk in Indonesian Islamic banks. Methods Financing risk is measured by the non-performing financing ratio, while the spin-off decision is represented by a dummy variable equal to 1 for the post-spin-off period and 0 for the pre-spin-off period. This study utilizes data from semi-annual reports of 35 Indonesian Islamic banks and analyzes it using a dynamic panel model with the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). Results The findings reveal that spin-offs significantly reduce financing risk, thereby enhancing the financial resilience and boosting investor appeal. Notably, this implies that Islamic banks operating as Islamic windows exhibit a higher level of financing risk compared to fully-fledged Islamic banks. Furthermore, a noteworthy pattern emerges that spin-off Islamic banks with substantial assets demonstrate greater risk in comparison to their counterparts with more modest assets. System GMM also confirmed the result. Conclusions Islamic banks can significantly reduce their financing risks by establishing independent Islamic banks, or spin-offs. Unlike Islamic windows, which are typically integrated within conventional banks and face higher risk levels, standalone Islamic banks offer greater flexibility and control over their operations.
Vitamin D binding protein gene polymorphisms in Ugandan tuberculosis patients and household contacts: A pilot study
Authors: Ester Acen L. , Moses Joloba L. , Akintola Ashraf , Begum Syed Nabi Rizwana , Andia Biraro Irene , Worodria William , Okeng Alfred , Bwambale Kelvin , Bbuye Mudarshiru , Patrick Kateete David
Published: February 2025

Background Insufficient awareness of foot self-care among diabetic individuals results in diabetic foot ulcers especially in the Indian population considering its varied ethnicity and lifestyle practices. The management of diabetes and diabetic foot ulcers therefore demands a well-coordinated approach that involves multiple healthcare providers (HCPs). The present study aims to develop and validate an interprofessional collaborative (IPC) educational program involving HCPs to efficiently oversee and instruct the public on appropriate strategies for self-managing diabetic foot health in the Indian population. Methods The research group worked on creating an educational module titled ‘An Interprofessional Collaborative Educational Module on Self-Management of Foot for Individuals with Type II Diabetes Mellitus.’ The objective of this module was to promote the adoption of proper practices in self-managing foot health for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A panel of 13 experts participated in a two-stage validation process using the Delphi method to assess the module and its educational resources. Subsequently, the module was tested on a group of 30 participants, i.e., individuals with diabetes, with its efficacy evaluated through conversation analysis and in-depth interviews. Results The three-month-long module included three sessions • 1: Diabetes and its health implications • 2: Diabetic foot and self-management • 3: Interprofessional education in diabetic foot care The mode of content delivery was via Whatsapp, and the educational resources, in the form of pamphlets, flowcharts, handouts, case-based cartoons, and videos on diabetes, including diabetic foot, its risks, and self-management, were shared regularly. All participating experts consensually validated the module and educational resources. Analysis of in-depth interviews revealed that the module immensely benefitted the participants and helped them improve their knowledge and practices of foot care in diabetes. Conclusions The study highlights the importance of developing and validating IPC educational modules tailored to diabetic foot care. It can aid in enhancing adherence to proper diabetic foot care practices.
A smart energy service for the commercial rented sector: decision making points and business model considering the learnings from the pilot sites of the SmartSPIN project in Ireland, Spain and Greece
Authors: De Tommasi Luciano , Agrawal Ruchi , Lyons Padraig
Published: February 2025

Background This paper presents an evaluation of the smart energy service for the commercial rented sector developed during the European Commission’s Horizon 2020 funded research project SmartSPIN - Smart energy services to solve the SPlit INcentive problem in the commercial rented sector, highlighting the key decision-making points in relation to energy performance contracting in a rented commercial property. Methods The perspectives of building owner, energy service company (energy service provider) and renters, are examined using a quantitative model that enables to evaluate the Net-Present-Value of the energy efficiency project for each party, considering the contract duration, energy cost savings, energy prices, investment costs and operation and maintenance costs, thereby highlighting the variables that determine the decision-making leading to the contractual agreements for the smart energy service. The business model for the proposed smart energy service is designed using the Business Model CANVAS template, whereas its value proposition is designed using the Value Proposition CANVAS template. Results The proposed smart energy service has been implemented and evaluated by considering the experiences of the stakeholders and the feedback that the pilot participants of the SmartSPIN project in Ireland, Greece and Spain provided during the demonstration activities. This process enabled to identify improvements which eventually led to the business model validation highlighting the value creation for the ESCO businesses. Moreover, further leveraging the experience gained from activities at the SmartSPIN pilot sites and engagement with the key stakeholders, this paper also elaborates on how to create value for the customers. Conclusions This paper shows how a smart energy service for improving the energy efficiency and flexibility in commercial rented buildings can be successfully designed and deployed, through a quantitative and qualitative analysis of its underlying business model, thereby overcoming the split incentive issue.
Between policy and perception: Stakeholder views on addressing territorial inequality in Europe
Authors: Jubany Olga , Sunderic Zarko , Matkovic Gordana , Roiha Malin
Published: February 2025

Background Long-standing territorial disparities have evolved into novel forms of inequality, exacerbated by a decline in social status and the protection afforded to citizens. Territorial inequality extends beyond economic disparities in income and wealth, encompassing unequal access to fundamental rights and opportunities such as essential services, infrastructure, and education. These disparities pose significant challenges to comprehensive socioeconomic development. This paper is part of a broader research project on “left-behindness,” aiming to explore stakeholders' perceptions of the underlying drivers of territorial inequalities, as well as the governance mechanisms and policy tools aimed at mitigating these issues. Methods The analysis draws on data from 20 focus groups conducted between November and December 2023, involving 98 national, regional and local stakeholders from seven European countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Greece, Italy, Serbia, and Spain. Results The findings reveal a notable disconnect between national-level discourses on territorial inequalities and the priorities of local and regional stakeholders across the seven countries. While territorial disparities are acknowledged within policy frameworks, efforts to address these issues are often impeded by governance challenges, including tensions between centralization and decentralization, fragmented coordination, and insufficient horizontal and vertical cooperation among actors at different levels of government. Conclusions The research underscores the necessity of adopting place-sensitive, context-specific approaches to address territorial inequalities. It highlights the need to address demographic challenges, geographic isolation, and inequitable funding mechanisms, particularly in underserved regions. Aligning policy interventions with the diverse and context-dependent challenges faced by “left-behind” areas is essential for the effective mitigation of territorial disparities.
AUDIO-VISUAL TEXT AND FEATURES OF IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS TRANSLATION
Authors: Kudinova Olga A. , Kudinova Valentina I.
Published: February 2025

Background. Defining strategies for translating stable expressions from English into Russian will help effectively use English idioms in the process of teaching/learning a foreign language. The research also focuses on the lack of consensus among researchers regarding the terminology of fixed expressions which leads to a wide variety of classifications of them.
Purpose. The aim of the research is to reveal methods for translating fixed expressions correctly from English into Russian in audiovisual texts, taking into account their cultural component.
Materials and methods. The research is based on the theoretical study and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature, related to the topic under study and general scientific methods, i.e., analysis and generalization are used.
Results. The results of the survey reveal that translation strategies tested in translation classes were chosen in accordance with the object of translation, as well as particular reference to the type of fixed expression. Furthermore, it is worth noting that idioms of all three types of fixed expressions, i.e., collocations, idioms and phrasal verbs found in audiovisual texts, are basic units revealing cultural character and national identity.
As a result of the analysis of the scientific material, it was suggested that the integration in the translation process of figurative expressions used in every form of the spoken discourse, especially in the audiovisual context, contributes to higher language proficiency results.
Practical implications. The results of the study can be taken as the basis for performing various tasks, related to the recognition and classification of fixed expressions, will contribute to the expansion of the lexical stock, and their inclusion in speech will create conditions for the development of speaking skills in the process of teaching a foreign language and special disciplines in translation.