bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arthroscopy and arthrotomy were equally effective for medial meniscal release but arthroscopy was minimally advantageous at preventing iatrogenic damage to the caudal cruciate ligament: a canine cadaveric study
Authors: Gale Dana N. , Frederick Steven W. , Hettlich Bianca F. , Au Jennifer J. , Motta Tatiana
Published: February 2025

Objective

To compare efficacy of four techniques used for medial meniscal release by medial caudal meniscotibial ligament transection and evaluate associated iatrogenic damage to the medial meniscus, caudal cruciate ligament (CdCL), and articular cartilage of the canine stifle joint.

Study design

Twenty-four pairs of canine cadaveric pelvic limbs were randomly assigned to groups by methods of approach, cranial tibial translation, and meniscal release. I: arthrotomy, Hohmann, #11 scalpel blade; II: arthrotomy, Hohmann, #64 Beaver blade; III: arthroscopy, Hohmann, meniscal hook knife; IV: arthroscopy, no joint translation, meniscal hook knife. Post-procedure stifle dissection and evaluation of meniscal release success rate and presence of iatrogenic damage were performed. Fisher’s exact tests were performed for meniscal release and damage comparisons. Iatrogenic damage to the CdCL and articular cartilage were compared using generalized linear mixed effects model and linear mixed effects models (G/LMM) respectively.

Results

Incomplete meniscal release was identified in 0/12 (0%) stifles in group I, 1/12 (8.3%) stifles in group II, 2/12 (16.7%) stifles in group III, and 1/12 (8.3%) stifles in group IV (p = 0.89, Fisher’s exact test). There was no difference in iatrogenic meniscal damage rates between groups (p = 0.48, Fisher’s exact test). There were no differences in total surface area of iatrogenic articular cartilage damage in any tested region between groups: femoral trochlea (p = 0.32, LMM), femoral condyles (p = 0.54, LMM), tibia (p = 0.28, LMM). Group I had more iatrogenic damage to the CdCL than group IV (p = 0.04, GLMM); no other differences were found.

Conclusion

Arthroscopy and arthrotomy were equally effective for performing medial meniscal release by transection of the medial caudal meniscotibial ligament. Arthroscopic evaluation and medial meniscal release without joint translation was minimally advantageous in preventing iatrogenic damage to the CdCL.
Use of fecal microbiome to understand the impact of housing conditions on metabolic stress responses in farmed saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus)
Authors: Beale David J. , Nguyen Thao V. , Dyall Tim , van de Kamp Jodie , Bissett Andrew , Hewitt Leisha , Small Alison H.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Understanding the impact of housing conditions on the stress responses in farmed saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) is crucial for optimizing welfare and management practices.

Methods

This study employed a multi-omics methodology, combining targeted and untargeted LC–MS for metabolite, lipid, and hormone profiling with 16S rRNA gene sequencing for microbiome analysis, to compare stress responses and changes in fecal samples of crocodiles housed in single versus group pens. Metabolic responses to a startle test were evaluated through multivariate analysis, and changes post-stress were examined.

Results

A total of 564 metabolic features were identified. Of these, 15 metabolites were linked to the cortisol biosynthesis pathway. Metabolite origin analysis showed that 128 metabolites originated from the host, 151 from the microbiota, and 400 remained unmatched. No significant differences in fecal corticosterone levels were observed between single and group pens. However, metabolic profiling revealed distinct differences in stress responses: single pen crocodiles exhibited downregulation of certain compounds and upregulation of others, affecting pyrimidine and purine metabolism pathways when compared to grouped pen crocodiles, linked to altering energy associated induced stress. Additionally, fecal microbiome analysis indicated increased Firmicutes:Bacteroides (F:B) ratio in group-housed animals, suggesting greater stress.

Discussion

The study highlights that while traditional stress indicators like corticosterone levels may not differ significantly between housing conditions, metabolic and microbiome analyses provide deeper insights into stress responses. Single pens are associated with less metabolic disruption and potentially better health outcomes compared to group pens. These findings underscore the value of fecal microbiome and metabolomics in assessing animal welfare in farmed crocodiles.
Efficacy of a topical formulation combining fipronil, moxidectin, and praziquantel (Banni3) in controlling flea infestation in cats
Authors: Campos Diefrey Ribeiro , Marré Ester Oliozi , Cruz Breno Cayeiro , Cruz Gessica Ariane de Melo , Michels Milenni Garcia , Gatto Igor Renan Honorato , Almeida Ferdinando Nielsen de , Rosa Dandara Quelho , Correia Thais Ribeiro , Scott Fabio Barbour
Published: February 2025

Ctenocephalides felis felis is the most common parasitic insect worldwide, responsible for transmitting pathogenic agents to cats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a novel formulation containing fipronil 12.5%, moxidectin 0.83%, and praziquantel 8.3%, in the treatment of cats, both artificially as well as naturally infested with C. felis felis. For the controlled study, 14 cats were divided into a control group that received no treatment and a treated group that received the investigational product (Banni3 – 12.5% fipronil + 0.83% moxidectin + 8.3% praziquantel – Ourofino Saúde Animal Ltda.). Each animal was artificially infested 48 h before each evaluation with 100 fleas. Evaluations to determine efficacy were based on the average count of live fleas found in the control and treated groups and were carried out nine times after treatment for 56 days. For the field study, 110 indoor cats, naturally infested with C. felis felis, were included. These animals were divided into the positive control group, which received a topical formulation of 10% fipronil, and the treated group which received the investigational product. The efficacy evaluations were based on the average number of live fleas found pre-treatment and post-treatment and were carried out on days four times after treatment 30 days. For artificially infested cats, there was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between the mean flea counts of the negative control and treated groups, and the efficacy was 100% from the second day up to 14 days after treatment, and then 99.3%, 97.8%, 96.0%, 92.0% and 92.5%, respectively, 21, 30, 35, 42 and 49 days after treatment. For cats that had natural infestations, the effectiveness was 98.6%, 99.7%, 98.7% and 97.3% on days 7, 14, 21 and 30 after treatment, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) when comparing flea counts between the treated group and positive control, but there were statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in the pre- and post-treatment evaluations. A topical treatment with Banni3, administered as a single dose, is proven safe and effective for controlling C. felis felis in artificially and naturally infested cats.
Systematic Identification and Validation of Critical Success Factors for ISO/IEC 17025 Implementation
Authors: Panagiotidou Evangelia , Chountalas Panos T. , Magoutas Anastasios I. , Georgakellos Dimitrios A. , Lagodimos Athanasios G.
Published: February 2025

In the broader context of quality management, testing and calibration laboratories are increasingly adopting ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation as a key benchmark for achieving operational excellence. This management system standard outlines the essential requirements laboratories must meet to demonstrate their technical competence and produce accurate, reliable results. This study aims to identify and validate the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for effective ISO/IEC 17025 implementation. It begins with a systematic literature review focusing primarily on ISO/IEC 17025, supplemented by insights from other established standards such as ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 to enrich the findings. This study employed an interview-based qualitative approach to validate and refine the identified CSFs. This entailed conducting 34 semi-structured interviews with a diverse group of industry professionals—including technical managers, quality managers, auditors, and clients—from calibration, chemical, and civil engineering testing laboratories. The findings led to the establishment of 16 CSFs, including leadership and strategic commitment, motivation for accreditation, allocation of financial and organizational resources, and the provision of technical infrastructure. Also crucial are the management of human resources—competency, training, and engagement—and key quality management elements such as effective system design, method verification, measurement traceability, quality assurance, control, and performance improvement. Additional factors include fostering a quality-oriented culture, ensuring operational integrity and impartiality, managing supplier relationships, focusing on customer needs, and adhering to regulatory compliance. Recognizing these CSFs enables organizations to focus on pivotal areas, streamline monitoring processes, and align with strategic objectives. This study represents the first in-depth exploration into the CSFs for ISO/IEC 17025 implementation within testing and calibration laboratories, thereby contributing directly to enhancing their quality and operational performance.
Auditors’ Intention to Use Blockchain Technology and TAM3: The Moderating Role of Age
Authors: Hamadeh Amir Hasan , Nouraldeen Rasha Mohammad , Mahboub Rasha Mohamad , Hashem Mohamed Saleh
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the two determinants of the technology acceptance model (TAM3), perceived ease of use (PEOU), and perceived usefulness (PU) on auditors’ intention to adopt and use blockchain technology (BT) in Lebanon. This study also aims to investigate the moderating role of age on these associations to determine the antecedents of PU and PEOU. A sample of 332 auditors working in Lebanon was used to collect data and the analysis was conducted using the third version of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS3-SEM). Results show that perception of external control and computer self-efficacy significantly affect the PEOU. Job relevance and output quality are PU antecedents and positively influence the variable. In addition, PEOU and PU have a significant positive impact on auditors’ intention to adopt BT. This shows that auditors in Lebanon are more inclined to adopt BT if they feel that BT does not require substantial effort and that BT provides tangible benefits to their work. According to the researchers’ knowledge, this study is the first to examine auditors’ perception of using BT in one of the Middle Eastern countries, Lebanon, and the first to investigate the moderating role of age on the relationship between TAM3 determinants and auditors’ intention to adopt BT. In addition, this study highlights the practical implications of adopting BT in auditing in Lebanon by pinpointing the need for training programs, collaboration between auditors and other departments, developing regulatory frameworks to enhance efficiency, and organizing awareness and educational campaigns. Additionally, investments in infrastructure are critical to facilitate the smooth implementation and adoption of BT. Furthermore, audit firms should organize workshops to educate auditors on the application and the benefits of BT, invest in upgrading the IT systems to be compatible with BT platforms, and provide case studies and pilot projects to promote confidence in BT adoption.
Correlational Associations Between Ambient and Household Particulate Matter Exposure and Body Mass Index Across Childhood and Adolescence in Thailand
Authors: Parasin Nichapa , Amnuaylojaroen Teerachai
Published: February 2025

While previous studies have established inverse relationships between (particulate matter) PM exposure and the body mass index (BMI), this study is the first to demonstrate that the strength of this relationship varies significantly according to the PM source type and age group, particularly across developmental stages. Through a comprehensive 31-year analysis in Thailand that uniquely captured the transition from traditional to modern energy sources, this research investigated the relationship between PM exposure and a high BMI among children and adolescents across different demographic groups, using a correlational analysis of time point data from the Global Burden Disease (GBD) study (1990–2021). The analysis examined the association between a high BMI and two categories of PM exposure—ambient (outdoor) and household (indoor)—through cross-correlation, Spearman correlation, and mixed-effects models. The results reveal a significant inverse relationship between household PM exposure and a high BMI, particularly pronounced in younger age groups (2–9 years), with household PM showing consistently stronger associations compared to ambient PM. Among children aged 2–4 years, household PM exposure exhibited a strong negative correlation with a high BMI without a time lag, suggesting persistent effects of the household air quality on physical development. Conversely, ambient PM exposure showed relatively weaker associations, with only slight positive correlations observed in certain subgroups. Further analysis indicated that decreases in household PM exposure correlated with longitudinal increases in a high BMI, with this relationship diminishing during adolescence. These findings provide crucial insights for targeted public health interventions and offer a model for understanding PM-BMI relationships in other developing nations experiencing similar transitions.
Powering Rural Prosperity: How Clean Energy Adoption Transforms Comprehensive Welfare of Rural Residents in China
Authors: Qi Jianling , Li Huanjiao , Ye Feng , Zhang Lingjing , Yang Tianhang , Yan Chengda
Published: February 2025

The transition to clean energy in rural areas plays a critical role in mitigating environmental challenges and improving human well-being. This study utilizes data from the 2020 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), a nationally representative dataset, to assess the comprehensive welfare levels of rural residents using the entropy method. Additionally, an endogenous switching regression (ESR) model is employed to examine the impact of clean energy adoption on the welfare levels of rural residents in China. The empirical results demonstrate that individual, family, and social characteristics have a significant influence on decision-making regarding clean energy adoption. Moreover, the adoption of clean energy is shown to significantly enhance comprehensive welfare levels. Specifically, rural residents who adopt clean energy experience a notable decline in welfare levels if they cease its use, while those who initially did not utilize clean energy show substantial improvements in welfare upon its adoption. These findings remain robust after conducting sensitivity analyses. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the welfare effects of clean energy adoption vary among rural residents based on gender and region. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into how clean energy adoption can improve human well-being and support sustainable development.
Drying Behavior of Flax Stems at Different Degrees of Dew Retting Under Simulated Rainfall: Implications for Smart Agriculture and Sensor Development
Authors: Reda Ali , Buchaillot Lionel , Arscott Steve
Published: February 2025

Dew retting of flax stems is a key agricultural process which facilitates fiber extraction from parent stems. If sensors are to be developed to monitor the degree of retting for optimal fiber extraction, then stem characteristics such as water uptake and loss need to be accurately known. Here, the moisture uptake and drying behavior of short flax stem samples in different degrees of dew retting is studied. Their drying is characterized in laboratory conditions following simulated light and heavy rainfall. The data were accurately fitted with the Page model of moisture loss. It was observed that the drying rate constant of small flax stem samples is smaller for simulated light rain compared to simulated heavy rain. Also, over-retted stem samples dry more rapidly compared to under-retted samples. The findings suggest that this is due to the degradation of the external tissue of the stems observed in the over-retted samples. The results could be useful for laboratory testing of flax stems and designers of emerging technological sensor-based tools used to monitor the degree of retting in controlled conditions.
Estimation of Daylily Leaf Area Index by Synergy Multispectral and Radar Remote-Sensing Data Based on Machine-Learning Algorithm
Authors: Hu Minhuan , Wang Jingshu , Yang Peng , Li Ping , He Peng , Bi Rutian
Published: February 2025

Rapid and accurate leaf area index (LAI) determination is important for monitoring daylily growth, yield estimation, and field management. Because of low estimation accuracy of empirical models based on single-source data, we proposed a machine-learning algorithm combining optical and microwave remote-sensing data as well as the random forest regression (RFR) importance score to select features. A high-precision LAI estimation model for daylilies was constructed by optimizing feature combinations. The RFR importance score screened the top five important features, including vegetation indices land surface water index (LSWI), generalized difference vegetation index (GDVI), normalized difference yellowness index (NDYI), and backscatter coefficients VV and VH. Vegetation index features characterized canopy moisture and the color of daylilies, and the backscatter coefficient reflected dielectric properties and geometric structure. The selected features were sensitive to daylily LAI. The RFR algorithm had good anti-noise performance and strong fitting ability; thus, its accuracy was better than the partial least squares regression and artificial neural network models. Synergistic optical and microwave data more comprehensively reflected the physical and chemical properties of daylilies, making the RFR-VI-BC05 model after feature selection better than the others ( r = 0.711, RMSE = 0.498, and NRMSE = 9.10%). This study expanded methods for estimating daylily LAI by combining optical and radar data, providing technical support for daylily management.
Effects of Different Sowing Times and Harvesting Stages on Dry Matter Yield, Quality, and Mineral Content of Teff (Eragrostis teff [Zucc.] Trotter)
Authors: Uyanik Sebiha Erol , Carpici Emine Budakli
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to identify the effects of different sowing times and harvesting stages on the dry matter yield, quality, and mineral content of teff (Eragrostis teff [Zucc.] Trotter). The study was conducted in 2021 and 2022 using a randomized block-split plot design with three replications. According to the two-year averages, plant height increased on the 1 June sowing time compared to 15 May, and there was more dry matter yield (4962.94 kg ha−1) and crude protein yield (717.48 kg ha−1) per unit area. Additionally, the crude protein content of the teff (156.30 g kg−1) increased, whereas the NDF content (652.38 g kg−1) decreased in the 1 June sowing time. Dry matter accumulation increased depending on the progress of the plant development periods, and, as a result, the late heading stage yielded the highest dry matter (5610.00 kg ha−1) and crude protein (615.90 kg ha−1). The crude protein content reached the highest level in the early heading stage, and the crude protein yield peaked at the highest level in the late heading stage since the yield per unit area was higher. While sowing times changed the Mg and Zn contents of teff, the extended harvesting stages resulted in significant variations in the P, K, Zn, Fe, Cu, and Na contents of teff grass. The highest identified P, K, Zn, Fe, and Na contents were in the booting stage, whereas the highest Cu content was in the early heading stage. The amount of various mineral compounds was higher in the early development periods; however, they were still sufficient to meet the needs of sheep and cattle throughout the early and late heading stages. Based on the study findings regarding high yield and quality, it is reasonable to recommend sowing teff grass in June and harvesting in the early heading stage under Mediterranean climatic conditions.
Differential Remodelling of Endometrial Extracellular Matrix in the Non-Pregnant Uterus of Lagostomus maximus as a Potential Mechanism Underlying Embryonic Death
Authors: Acuña Francisco , Gualdoni Gisela Soledad , Rivollier Francisco , Barril Camila , Portiansky Enrique Leo , Barbeito Claudio Gustavo , Cebral Elisa
Published: February 2025

During development, the remodelling of fibrillar components of the uterine extracellular matrix (ECM), mediated by the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), plays an essential role in embryonic survival. Previously, we observed that in the plains viscacha (Lagostomus maximus), only caudal implantation sites (IS) contain viable embryos, whereas embryos at cranial and middle IS die and are reabsorbed. The objective of this study was to analyse the distribution and expression of key components of the endometrial ECM, including fibrillar collagens, MMPs 2 and 9, and TIMPs 1 and 2, in three uterine segments (US) of the non-pregnant adult viscachas. In sections from three US, we observed a significant craniocaudal increase in collagen fibres (Van Gieson and Picrosirius red staining) and elastic fibres (Verhoeff-Van Gieson trichrome staining), along with the immunolabelling levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 (immunohistochemistry). Zymography revealed similar gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2 in the three US but higher than the MMP-9 activity. However, MMP-9 activity in the caudal segment was significantly higher than that in the cranial and middle ones. These findings suggest that uterine ECM variations along the craniocaudal axis may contribute to uterine remodelling processes that regulate embryonic survival during gestation.
Investigation of Antibody Pharmacokinetics in Male Reproductive System and Its Characterization Using a Translational PBPK Model
Authors: Ojili Sree , Shah Dhaval K.
Published: February 2025

Objectives: To investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of the monoclonal antibody (mAb) in male reproductive tissues and develop a translational physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to characterize the PK data. Method: The PK of a non-cross-reactive antibody (trastuzumab) was investigated in human FcRn-expressing male mice following a 10 mg/kg intravenous dose. The PK in plasma and male reproductive tissues (i.e., epididymis, testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, and prostate glands) were evaluated. The observed PK data in mice were mathematically characterized using a novel PBPK model for antibodies that contained male reproductive systems. The mouse PBPK model was scaled to rats, monkeys, and humans to predict the PK of antibodies in male reproductive organs across animal species. Results: Plasma and tissue PK data generated in mice suggest that antibody distribution in male reproductive tissues is generally lower compared to that of most of the organs. The antibody exposure in the testes was 1.70%, in the epididymis was 2.57%, in the vas deferens was 2.01%, in the seminal vesicle was 0.42%, and in the prostate gland was 0.52% of the plasma exposure. The plasma and tissue PK data were simultaneously characterized using the PBPK model, which incorporated the novel male reproductive system. All the predicted PK profiles were within two-fold of the observed data, as indicated by percentage prediction error (%PE) values. The mouse model was successfully translated to bigger animals, and the model was used to simulate the PK of antibodies in rat, monkey, and human male reproductive systems. Conclusions: The combination of the experimental data and novel PBPK model presented here provides unprecedented insights into the antibody distributions in different male reproductive tissues. The PBPK model can serve as a crucial tool for advancing the development of antibody-based therapies for treating sexually transmitted infections (STIs), cancers, and contraceptives.
Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance in Bacteria from Contaminated Agricultural Soil: Insights from a New Zealand Airstrip
Authors: Heydari Ali , Kim Nick D. , Biggs Patrick J. , Horswell Jacqui , Gielen Gerty J. H. P. , Siggins Alma , Bromhead Collette , Meza-Alvarado Juan Carlos , Palmer Barry R.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Agricultural soils accumulate inorganic contaminants from the application of phosphate fertilisers. An airstrip located at Belmont Regional Park (BRP), near Wellington, New Zealand, has been found to have a gradient of cadmium contamination due to spillage of superphosphate fertiliser. Methods: Soil samples from the BRP airstrip with a gradient of cadmium contamination, were used as a novel source to explore bacterial communities’ resistance to heavy metals (HMs) and any co-selected antibiotic (Ab) resistance. Results: Differences between BRP soil samples with higher levels of HMs compared to those with lower HM concentrations showed significantly more bacterial isolates resistant to both HMs (40.6% versus 63.1% resistant to 0.01 mM CdCl2, p < 0.05) and Abs (23.4% versus 37.8% resistant to 20 μg/mL tetracycline, p < 0.05) in soils with higher initial levels of HMs (1.14 versus 7.20 mg kg−1 Cd). Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) and 16S rDNA next-generation sequencing profiling investigated changes in HM-induced bacterial communities. Significant differences were observed among the bacterial community structures in the selected BRP soil samples. Conjugative transfer of cadmium resistance from 23–38% of cadmium-resistant isolates to a characterised recipient bacterial strain in vitro suggested many of these genes were carried by mobile genetic elements. Transconjugants were also resistant to zinc, mercury, and Abs. Higher levels of HMs in soil correlated with increased resistance to HMs, Abs, and elevated levels of HMs thus disturbed the bacterial community structure in BRP soil significantly. Conclusions: These findings suggest that HM contamination of agricultural soil can select for Ab resistance in soil bacteria with potential risks to human and animal health.
Population-Based Prevalence of Antibiotic Residuals in Low, Moderate and High Malaria Endemicity Areas in Tanzania
Authors: Lotto Theopista , Gallay Joanna , Zuakulu Martin , Ternon Beatrice , Decosterd Laurent Arthur , Kulinkina Alexandra V. , Genton Blaise
Published: February 2025

Background: Inappropriate antibiotic use drives antimicrobial resistance and remains a global concern. Evidence suggests antibiotic use may be higher among malaria-negative patients compared to malaria-positive ones, but uncertainty persists, particularly in regions with varying malaria prevalence. This study measured antibiotic residuals in three Tanzanian regions with varying malaria epidemiology and analyzed factors influencing their presence. Methods: A cross-sectional household survey was conducted in 2015, covering a population of 6000 individuals across three regions of Tanzania. Dried blood spot samples from a subset of participants were analyzed using broad-range tandem mass spectrometry to detect residual antibiotics. Risk factors associated with antibiotic presence, including household healthcare-seeking behaviors, malaria testing, and other relevant variables, were evaluated. Results: The overall prevalence of residual antibiotics in the study population was 14.4% (438/3036; 95% CI: 11.4–15.8%). Stratified by malaria transmission intensity, antibiotic prevalence was 17.2% (95% CI: 12.9–17.2%) in Mwanza (low), 14.6% (95% CI: 10.6–15.0%) in Mbeya (moderate), and 11.2% (95% CI: 7.9–11.6%) in Mtwara (high). Trimethoprim was the most frequently detected antibiotic (6.1%), followed by sulfamethoxazole (4.4%) and penicillin V (0.001%). Conclusions: Residual antibiotic prevalence did not directly correlate with malaria endemicity but was influenced by healthcare practices, including co-prescription of antibiotics and antimalarials. The higher antibiotic use in malaria-negative cases highlights the need for improved diagnostics to reduce unnecessary use and mitigate antimicrobial resistance in malaria-endemic areas.
Novel Continuous-Time Markov Chain-Based Model for Performance Analysis of Hybrid Free Space Optics and Radio Frequency Communications
Authors: Shakhov Vladimir , Shakhov Nikolai , Koo Insoo
Published: February 2025

This paper introduces a Markov-process-based model to analyze the performance of hybrid Free Space Optics and Radio Frequency communication systems. The proposed model captures the dynamic behavior of the link by representing the transitions between various operational states under changing environmental conditions. State probabilities are derived analytically, providing insight into the system’s reliability and efficiency within diverse scenarios. These probabilities can be employed to define and evaluate various performance metrics. This study examines the loss function associated with the suboptimal utilization of Free Space Optics when Radio Frequency is required and vice versa within hybrid Free Space Optics and Radio Frequency communication systems. A problem statement for optimizing system performance is proposed, and the corresponding solution is obtained. The results facilitate the identification of an optimal trade-off between the cost of switching configurations and communication efficiency. The findings provide a quantitative framework for designing adaptive hybrid communication systems that improve reliability and reduce communication disruptions.
Exploring the Feasibility of Generative AI in Persona Research: A Comparative Analysis of Large Language Model-Generated and Human-Crafted Personas in Obesity Research
Authors: Smrke Urška , Rehberger Ana , Plohl Nejc , Mlakar Izidor
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the perceptions of Persona descriptions generated using three different large language models (LLMs) and qualitatively developed Personas by an expert panel involved in obesity research. Six different Personas were defined, three from the clinical domain and three from the educational domain. The descriptions of Personas were generated using qualitative methods and the LLMs (i.e., Bard, Llama, and ChatGPT). The perception of the developed Personas was evaluated by experts in the respective fields. The results show that, in general, the perception of Personas did not significantly differ between those generated using LLMs and those qualitatively developed by human experts. This indicates that LLMs have the potential to generate a consistent and valid representation of human stakeholders. The LLM-generated Personas were perceived as believable, relatable, and informative. However, post-hoc comparisons revealed some differences, with descriptions generated using the Bard model being in several Persona descriptions that were evaluated most favorably in terms of empathy, likability, and clarity. This study contributes to the understanding of the potential and challenges of LLM-generated Personas. Although the study focuses on obesity research, it highlights the importance of considering the specific context and the potential issues that researchers should be aware of when using generative AI for generating Personas.
First-Division Softball Players with Shoulder Injuries Exhibit Upper-Body Compensatory Strategies Compared to Healthy Controls: A Case Study Using Wearable Inertial Sensors
Authors: Zinno Raffaele , Di Paolo Stefano , Hoyaux Maxime , Bragonzoni Laura
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study was to assess the kinematic differences in the upper limb and trunk between healthy and shoulder-injured softball position (non-pitchers) players. Eleven first-division softball players (mean age: 25.9 ± 8.1 years) were enrolled: five players who had experienced a shoulder injury with consequent surgery (time from surgery to test: 0.9 years) and six healthy matched controls. The position players performed their typical throw motor task after receiving the ball from a buddy. Wearable inertial sensors (Xsens MTw Awinda) were used to collect the kinematical data on the shoulder, elbow, and trunk. Peak joint kinematics and range of motion (ROM) were compared between healthy and injured players separately for the “Pickup” and “Pass” phases. In the pickup phase, a higher internal/external rotation ROM of the shoulder was found in healthy players than in the injured ones (p = 0.016). Similarly, elbow flex/extension ROM was higher in the healthy players (p = 0.039). A higher peak of trunk flexion was also found in healthy players than the injured ones (p = 0.002). In the pass phase, shoulder internal/external rotation, adduction/abduction, and flex/extension ROM were greater in healthy than injured players (p = 0.050, p = 0.001, and p = 0.007, respectively). Healthy players also showed a higher elbow peak flexion (p = 0.022). The shoulder-injured players showed a lower ROM than the healthy ones during both the pickup and pass phases of a throw motor task. Despite being cleared to return to play, the injured players could voluntarily or unconsciously perform the motor task in a more conservative way than the healthy controls.
Research on the Time Series Prediction of Acoustic Emission Parameters Based on the Factor Analysis–Particle Swarm Optimization Back Propagation Model
Authors: Xie Xuebin , Wang Meng
Published: February 2025

Early warning for rock blasting is crucial for ensuring the safety of deep underground engineering. Existing methods primarily focus on classifying rock blasting levels, which makes it difficult to provide timely warnings. This paper proposes a novel early warning framework for rock blasting based on time series prediction of acoustic emission (AE) parameters. Based on uniaxial rock tests, ten AE parameters (rise time, ring count, energy, duration, amplitude, average frequency, RMS voltage, average signal level, peak frequency, and initial frequency) are identified as potential indicators for rock blasting early warning. These ten parameters collectively affect the accuracy of AE monitoring. Factor analysis is employed to process the normalized AE data, simplifying the data structure and identifying common variables. Additionally, it is found that the BP neural network optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is more suitable for predicting the future evolution of these AE parameters. This makes it possible to establish a comprehensive multi-indicator early warning system. The proposed framework provides a new perspective for rock blasting early warning systems.
AI-Driven Pilot Overhead Reduction in 5G mmWaveMassive MIMO Systems
Authors: Abou Yassin Mohammad Riad , Abou Chahine Soubhi , Issa Hamza
Published: February 2025

The emergence of 5G technology promises remarkable advancements in wireless communication, particularly in the realm of mmWave (millimeter-wave) massive multiple input multiple output (m-MIMO) systems. However, the realization of its full potential is hindered by the challenge of pilot overhead, which compromises system efficiency. The efficient usage of pilot signals is crucial for precise channel estimation and interference reduction to maintain data integrity. Nevertheless, this requirement brings up the challenge of pilot overhead, which utilizes precious spectrum space, thus reducing spectral efficiency (SE). To address this obstacle, researchers have progressively turned to artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods to design hybrid beam-forming systems that enhance SE while reducing changes to the bit error rate (BER). This study addresses the challenge of pilot overhead in hybrid beamforming for 5G mmWave m-MIMO systems by leveraging advanced artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. We propose a framework integrating k-clustering, linear regression, random forest regression, and neural networks with singular value decomposition (NN-SVD) to optimize pilot placement and hybrid beamforming strategies. The results demonstrate an 82% reduction in pilot overhead, a 250% improvement in spectral efficiency, and a tenfold enhancement in bit error rate at low SNR conditions, surpassing state-of-the-art methods. These findings validate the efficacy of the proposed system in advancing next-generation wireless networks.
Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder in Individuals with a History of Traumatic Brain Injury: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Khan Zeeshan Ahmad , Sumsuzzman Dewan Md. , Duran Tahiris A. , Ju Ling-Sha , Seubert Christoph N. , Martynyuk Anatoly E.
Published: February 2025

Postoperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a cognitive decline after general anesthesia and surgery, influenced by preexisting neurodegenerative conditions, stress, and inflammation. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is linked to a dysregulated stress response, neuroinflammation, and cognitive issues. Patients with TBI often need extracranial surgeries under general anesthesia (GA), which can increase stress, neuroinflammation, and neurodegenerative changes, raising PND risk. We will search databases like Ovid Medline and Embase for studies on cognitive function in patients with mild to moderate TBI who had extracranial surgeries under general anesthesia (GA). Screening and data extraction will be done manually and with AI-assisted tools (ASReview). Study quality will be assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Statistical analyses will include mean differences, odds ratios, and meta-regression, addressing heterogeneity, sensitivity, and publication bias using Stata/SE. By meta-analyzing clinical studies, we aim to determine if TBI and GA/surgery interact to induce PND. We will use various data sources, subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and meta-regression to assess factors like age, gender, and type of GA/surgery. This meta-analysis will enhance our understanding of PND risks, inform clinical practices, and highlight new research directions. The systematic review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024510980).
NK Cell-Microbiota Interaction Biomarker Strategy: Advancing Prostate Cancer Management
Authors: Fanijavadi Sara , Hansen Torben Frøstrup , Zedan Ahmed Hussein
Published: February 2025

The role of natural killer (NK) cells in the management of prostate cancer (PCa) remains incompletely understood. Some have proposed that measuring NK cells in blood samples could serve as a reliable, minimally invasive tool for screening, assessing treatment effects, and predicting survival outcomes in PCa patients. However, the significance of different NK cell phenotypes remains unclear. Given the interplay between NK cells and the microbiome, we hypothesize that a combined signature of NK cell phenotypes derived from blood, along with microbiome profiles from oral, urine, and stool samples, could serve as a surrogate marker for NK cell activity in tumor and its microenvironment. Such an approach provides a practical alternative to invasive tumor biopsies by enabling the indirect assessment of NK cell function in tumors. Additionally, profiling NK cell phenotypes and their interactions with the microbiota has the potential to enhance prognostic accuracy and guide the development of personalized therapeutic strategies. Prospective studies are needed to validate the utility of NK cell and microbiome assays in personalized PCa management, with a focus on minimally invasive procedures and predictive signatures for treatment outcomes.
Understanding How Negative Emotions Affect Hazard Assessment Abilities in Construction: Insights from Wearable EEG and the Moderating Role of Psychological Capital
Authors: Chong Dan , Liao Siyu , Xu Mingjie , Chen Yuting , Yu Anni
Published: February 2025

Background: The construction industry faces significant safety hazards, frequent accidents, and inadequate management. Studies identify unsafe worker behaviors as the primary cause of construction accidents. However, most research overlooks the psychological state, particularly emotions, of construction workers. Methods: This study designed a behavioral experiment integrating social cognitive neuroscience, collecting real-time EEG data to classify and recognize fear, anger, and neutral emotions. Variance analysis explored differences in safety hazard identification and risk assessment under these emotional states. A total of 22 male participants were involved, with data collection lasting three days. The role of psychological capital in mediating the effects of emotions on unsafe behaviors was also examined. Results: Emotional classification using EEG signals achieved 79% accuracy by combining frequency domain and nonlinear feature extraction. Fear significantly enhanced safety hazard identification accuracy compared to neutral and anger emotions (F = 0.027, p = 0.03). Risk assessment values under fear and anger were higher than under neutral emotion (F = 0.121, p = 0.023). Psychological capital interacted significantly with emotions in hazard identification accuracy (F = 0.68, p = 0.034), response time (F = 2.562, p = 0.003), and risk assessment response time (F = 1.415, p = 0.026). Safety hazard identification correlated with the number of safety trainings (p = 0.002) and safety knowledge lectures attended (p = 0.025). Risk assessment was significantly associated with smoking (p = 0.023), alcohol consumption (p = 0.004), sleep duration (p = 0.017), and safety training (p = 0.024). Conclusions: The findings provide insights into how emotions affect safety hazard identification and risk assessment, offering a foundation for improving emotional regulation, reducing accidents, and enhancing safety management in construction.
Effects of Sensory-Enhanced Acute Exercise on Affective Characteristics of Employees
Authors: Lazarević Tanja , Nedeljković Aleksandar , Stojiljković Stanimir , Vesković Ana , Bubanj Saša , Bojanić Novica , Bubanj Aleksa , Orlić Ana
Published: February 2025

Employee well-being and affective states are critical factors influencing overall organizational success. This study examined the immediate effects of a sensory-enhanced acute exercise program on employees’ affective characteristics, including emotions, anxiety, and work motivation; A total of 84 participants, split into an experimental and control group, participated in the actual study. The experimental group engaged in a 14-min tailored exercise program in a sensory-rich “smart room” while the control group watched a neutral animated documentary. A pretest–posttest design was used, and data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with post hoc tests for significant interactions; The results revealed significant improvements in positive emotions (F(1, 82) = 20.99, p < 0.01) and work motivation (energy level: F(1, 82) = 48.36, p < 0.01; emotional arousal: F(1, 82) = 12.29, p < 0.01) in the experimental group, along with a significant reduction in anxiety (F(1, 82) = 11.37, p < 0.01) compared to the control group. Although reductions in negative emotions were observed across both groups, the differences were not statistically significant; This study underscores the effectiveness of integrating exercise with tailored sensory environments to enhance emotional states and workplace motivation. Such interventions offer a practical and scalable approach to improving employee well-being, highlighting their potential for adoption in diverse professional settings.
A Semi-Automatic Ontology Development Framework for Knowledge Transformation of Construction Safety Requirements
Authors: Wu Zhijiang , Liu Mengyao , Ma Guofeng
Published: February 2025

Construction safety requirements (SRs), which serve as critical information encapsulating a wide range of safety-related issues, constitute a fundamental basis for effective construction safety management. The constraints of the complex information characteristics and uncertainty of knowledge migration, however, lead to the failure to transform most of the requirement information into effective knowledge. This study proposes a multi-stage knowledge transformation framework for realizing the transformation of SRs from abstract information to canonical knowledge, and it accurately completes the knowledge transformation through document matching, knowledge extraction, and knowledge representation. Meanwhile, a semi-automated model was introduced into this study to develop a domain ontology knowledge base for SRs and to represent each type of knowledge through class definitions. The proposed framework was validated by testing project documents collected from two types of building projects, and the results show that the RD-based association rules can accurately match documents associated with SRs and adapt to match different types of sentiment attribute documents. Moreover, the improved TF-IDF algorithm improved by 20% in precision and recall, showing that the algorithm can extract tacit knowledge by combining knowledge points. Further, the domain ontology knowledge base facilitates normative documentation and representation for each type of knowledge in SRs.
The Promise of Radiotherapy in High-Risk Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Bola Becky , Hoskin Peter J. , Sangar Vijay , Choudhury Ananya
Published: February 2025

Global shortages, toxicities, and high levels of incomplete treatment with Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer has resulted in increasing interest in alternative treatments. Radiotherapy is not the standard of care for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), despite being routinely used in muscle invasive bladder cancer. Modern techniques and advances in technology mean that radiotherapy can be delivered with increased precision in reducing normal tissue damage. Developing novel biomarker approaches, together with combination approaches with radiosensitisers and other systemic treatments, means that radiotherapy could offer greater benefits than current treatments with BCG or surgery. This review summarises the current landscape and future potential of radiotherapy for high-risk NMIBC.
Recent Advances in Membrane Electrode Assembly Based Nitrate Reduction Electrolyzers for Sustainable Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Kim Keon-Han , Lim Jeonghoon
Published: February 2025

The electrochemical reduction from nitrate (NO3RR) to ammonia (NH3) provides a decentralized and environmentally friendly route for sustainable ammonia production while addressing the urgent issue of nitrate pollution in water bodies. Recent advancements in NO3RR research have improved catalyst designs, mechanistic understanding, and electrolyzer technologies, enhancing selectivity, yield, and energy efficiency. This review explores cutting-edge developments, focusing on innovative designs for catalysts and electrolyzers, such as membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) and electrolyzer configurations, understanding the role of membranes in MEA designs, and various types of hybrid and membrane-free reactors. Furthermore, the integration of NO3RR with anodic oxidation reactions has been demonstrated to improve overall efficiency by generating valuable co-products. However, challenges such as competitive hydrogen evolution, catalyst degradation, and scalability remain critical barriers to large-scale adoption. We provide a comprehensive overview of recent progress, evaluate current limitations, and identify future research directions for realizing the full potential of NO3RR in sustainable nitrogen cycling and ammonia synthesis.