bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First Constraints on Dense Molecular Gas at z = 7.5149 from the Quasar Pōniuā‘ena
Authors: Feruglio Chiara , Maio Umberto , Tripodi Roberta , Winters Jan Martin , Zappacosta Luca , Bischetti Manuela , Civano Francesca , Carniani Stefano , D’Odorico Valentina , Fiore Fabrizio , Gallerani Simona , Ginolfi Michele , Maiolino Roberto , Piconcelli Enrico , Valiante Rosa , Zanchettin Maria Vittoria
Published: August 2023

We report the detection of CO(6–5) and CO(7–6) and their underlying continua from the host galaxy of quasar J100758.264+211529.207 (Pōniuā‘ena) at z = 7.5149, obtained with the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array. Pōniuā‘ena belongs to the HYPerluminous quasars at the Epoch of ReionizatION sample of 18 z > 6 quasars selected to be powered by supermassive black holes, which experienced the fastest mass growth in the first cosmic gigayear. The one reported here is the highest-redshift measurement of the cold and dense molecular gas to date. The host galaxy is unresolved, and the line luminosity implies a molecular reservoir of M(H2) = (2.2 ± 0.2) × 1010
M
⊙, assuming a CO spectral line energy distribution typical of high-redshift quasars and a conversion factor α = 0.8

M

⊙

(
K

km

s

−
1

pc

2

)

−
1

. We model the cold dust spectral energy distribution to derive a dust mass of M
dust = (1.7 ± 0.6) × 108
M
⊙ and thus, a gas-to-dust ratio ∼130. Both the gas and dust mass are remarkably similar to the reservoirs found for luminous quasars at z ∼ 6–7. We use the CO detection to derive an estimate of the cosmic mass density of H2,

Ω

H

2

≃
1.31
×

10

−
5

. This value is in line with the general trend suggested by literature estimates at z < 7 and agrees fairly well with the latest theoretical expectations of nonequilibrium molecular-chemistry cosmological simulations of cold gas at early times.
Geometry and Kinematics of a Dancing Milky Way: Unveiling the Precession and Inclination Variation across the Galactic Plane via Open Clusters
Authors: He 何 Zhihong 治宏
Published: August 2023

This Letter presents a study of the geometry and motion of the Galactic disk using open clusters in the Gaia era. The findings suggest that the inclination θ

i
of the Galactic disk increases gradually from the inner to the outer disk, with a shift in orientation at the Galactocentric radius of approximately 6 ± 1 kpc. Furthermore, this study brings forth the revelation that the mid-plane of the Milky Way may not possess a stationary or fixed position. A plausible explanation is that the inclined orbits of celestial bodies within our Galaxy exhibit a consistent pattern of elliptical shapes, deviating from perfect circularity; however, more observations are needed to confirm this. An analysis of the vertical motion along the Galactocentric radius reveals that the disk has warped with precession and that the line of node shifts at different radii, aligning with the results from the classical Cepheids. Although there is uncertainty for precession/peculiar motion in solar orbit, after considering the uncertainty, the study derives a median value of

ϕ

̇

LON

= 6.8 km s−1 kpc−1 in the Galaxy. This value for the derived precession in the outer disk is lower than those in the literature due to the systematic motion in solar orbit (θ

i
= 0.°6). The study also finds that the inclinational variation of the disk is significant and can cause systematic motion, with the variation rate

θ

̇

i

decreasing along the Galactic radius with a slope of −8.9 μas yr−1 kpc−1. Moreover, the derived

θ

̇

i

in solar orbit is 59.1 ± 11.2sample ± 7.7

V

Z
⊙

μas yr−1, which makes it observable for high-precision astrometry.
The Time Evolution of
Md/Ṁ
in Protoplanetary Disks as a Way to Disentangle between Viscosity and MHD Winds
Authors: Somigliana Alice , Testi Leonardo , Rosotti Giovanni , Toci Claudia , Lodato Giuseppe , Tabone Benoît , Manara Carlo F. , Tazzari Marco
Published: August 2023

As the classic viscous paradigm for protoplanetary disk accretion is challenged by the observational evidence of low turbulence, the alternative scenario of MHD disk winds is being explored as being potentially able to reproduce the same observed features traditionally explained with viscosity. Although the two models lead to different disk properties, none of them has been ruled out by observations—mainly due to instrumental limitations. In this work, we present a viable method to distinguish between the viscous and MHD framework based on the different evolution of the distribution in the disk mass (M

d
)–accretion rate (

M

̇

) plane of a disk population. With a synergy of analytical calculations and 1D numerical simulations, performed with the population synthesis code Diskpop, we find that both mechanisms predict the spread of the observed ratio

M

d

/

M
̇

in a disk population to decrease over time; however, this effect is much less pronounced in MHD-dominated populations compared with purely viscous populations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this difference is detectable with the current observational facilities: we show that convolving the intrinsic spread with the observational uncertainties does not affect our result, as the observed spread in the MHD case remains significantly larger than in the viscous scenario. While the most recent data available show a better agreement with the wind model, ongoing and future efforts to obtain direct gas mass measurements with Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and next-generation Very Large Array will cause a reassessment of this comparison in the near future.
Knowledge Base on Species Life Traits: A Spanish/French Plinian Core implementation use case
Authors: Pamerlon Sophie , Archambeau Anne-Sophie , Pando de la Hoz Francisco , Olivier Gargominy , Michel Franck , Tercerie Sandrine , Rodinson Eva , Maurel Noëlie , Martínez-Sagarra Gloria , Kerner Adeline , Vignes Lebbe Régine , Schatz Bertrand , Dupont Pascal
Published: August 2023

The French “Traits” working group was created in 2021 to support the development of the national knowledge base on species life traits managed by the PatriNat department*1, to identify and implement a suitable standard for managing and sharing species life traits (including interactions) at the national, then international, level. Its core members are part of several PatriNat teams (Species Knowledge, Dissemination & Mediation, Coordination of Information Systems), as well as other French research units*2 working on the topic of traits and ontologies.

The Plinian Core (Plinian Core Task Group 2021) was first discussed in 2004 and its development began in 2005–2006 when the first version was deployed as a collaboration between InBIO*3 (Costa Rica) and GBIF Spain*4. It reuses and extends the Darwin Core vocabulary (Wieczorek et al. 2012, Darwin Core Maintenance Interest Group 2014) to describe different aspects of biological species information, that is, all kinds of properties or traits related to taxa, including biological and non-biological species traits.

The Plinian Core was discussed with Dr Pando (convener of the TDWG Plinian Core Task Group*5) during one of the Traits working group meetings, and was found to be relevant to the French species life traits database (currently in development). The Traits working group future works will be following the example of the Plinian Core-based EIDOS database*6 (Spanish Ministry for the Ecological Transition), which allows for detailed species pages with distinct information sections (e.g., interactions, taxonomy, legal status, conservation). This collaboration resulted in a Capacity Enhancement Support Programme project submission (GBIF 2023) between French and Spanish partners, allowing for the consolidation of both the infrastructure and the sharing process of species life traits for taxa found on all French territories, as well as European Union territories.

Additionally, this is an opportunity to provide information to GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility) through a new update of the TAXREF (Gargominy 2022) national checklist, one of the core constituents of the GBIF Backbone Taxonomy (GBIF 2022). Species life traits and interactions will be added thanks to the new Plinian Core extension implemented on the GBIF Integrated Publishing Toolkit (IPT),*7 and an Atlas of Living Australia’s architecture BIE (Biodiversity Information Explorer) module*8 developed by Costa Rica in the context of a Capacity Enhancement Support Programme (CESP) project carried out with SIBBR*9 (GBIF Brasil).
Cholangioscopy-guided lithotripsy in the treatment of difficult bile ducts stones – Bulgarian and Egyptian experience
Authors: Karagyozov Petko , El-Atrebi Kamal , Boeva Irina , Tishkov Ivan
Published: August 2023

﻿Introduction: Up to 10% of bile duct stones are deemed ‘difficult’ because they cannot be extracted using standard endoscopic techniques. In these situations, cholangioscopy allows for stone fragmentation under direct visual control.

﻿Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a digital single-operator cholangioscopy-guided lithotripsy in cases of difficult stones and to analyze factors related to adverse events and procedure time.

﻿Materials and methods: A retrospective review of prospective databases from two tertiary referral centers was performed, which included 38 patients with difficult bile duct stones. All of the patients had previous endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies and at least one unsuccessful surgery to remove a stone. Following the standard protocol, we performed a digital single-operator cholangioscopy-guided lithotripsy using either electrohydraulic or laser lithotripsy. The main goal was to achieve ductal clearance, which was confirmed by a negative occlusive cholangiogram. We also investigated the occurrence of complications, the factors associated with them, and the variables influencing procedure duration.

﻿Results: For the study period, 38 patients were treated with digital single-operator cholangioscopy-guided lithotripsy (33 with laser lithotripsy and 5 with electrohydraulic lithotripsy). Complete ductal clearance was achieved in 92.1% of cases, and in 78.9% of cases, it was accomplished in a single session. The average number of procedures until complete stone removal was 1.22 (1-3). The mean procedure times for electrohydraulic lithotripsy and laser lithotripsy was 83 minutes and 115 minutes, respectively. Complications, which were defined as mild, were observed in four (10.5%) patients. There was no correlation between age, size of stone, duration of the procedure and amount of saline used during lithotripsy and occurrence of complications. The presence of a stricture, barrel shaped or irregular shaped stones was associated with an increased risk of complications (p<0.05). Large stones, multiple lithiases, intrahepatic location, and failed previous EPLBD/ML were related to prolonged procedure time (p<0.05). ﻿

Conclusions: A single-operator cholangioscopy-guided lithotripsy is a highly effective and safe procedure. The presence of a distal common bile duct stricture and complex shape of stones is associated with a higher risk of procedure complications.
Impact of hail-netting on Vitis vinifera L. canopy microclimate, leaf gas exchange, fruit quality, and yield in a semi-arid environment
Authors: Ruland K. , Montague Thayne , Helwi Pierre
Published: August 2023

Hail events have the potential to destroy grapevine shoots, reduce yield, and inflict economic loss upon growers. As a result, many grape growers have adopted the use of hail-netting to mitigate potential vine damage. Although hail-netting has been observed to prevent hail damage, Texas High Plains grape growers have expressed concerns regarding effects hail-netting may have on vine canopy microclimate, grapevine health, fruit maturity, fruit quality and yield. Therefore, over three growing seasons (2018 – 2020), field-grown vines (Vitis viniferaL. ‘Malbec’ and ‘Pinot gris’) were exposed to hail-netting, or grown without hail-netting. Each growing season canopy microclimate, leaf gas exchange, fruit maturity, yield parameters, and vegetative growth were monitored. Netting reduced canopy air and leaf temperature and decreased canopy vapour pressure deficit. By modifying light infiltration and leaf temperature, hail-netting altered leaf gas exchange. In addition, gas exchange differences were found between cultivars. Although fruit pH and total acidity were not different at harvest, fruit maturity measurements revealed total soluble solid development was influenced by netting and cultivar. Vine cluster numbers were greater for vines without netting and yield parameters were generally lower for ‘Malbec’ vines. Pruning weights indicate decreased vegetative growth for hail-netting and ‘Pinot gris’ vines. Results suggest grape-growers' use of hail-netting may allow growers to achieve fruit production goals. However, when using hail-netting, growers should consider possible management modifications due to changes in vine physiology, fruit maturation, and harvest schedules.
Navigating Nurses: Supporting Retention Through Mentorship
Authors: Lang Julie , Schotte Amy , Elder Hannah
Published: August 2023

Retaining nurses is critical. Doing so effectively requires identifying not only why some nurses are leaving but also why others are staying. Discovering a sense of belonging and opportunities for professional development, especially for early career nurses, are two common themes. A mentorship framework was created within a nurse residency program integrating both motives, with positive results for the mentors and mentees alike.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2023;54(9):389–391.]
Translating the
Essentials
for Correctional Nursing Practice and Professional Development
Authors: Roscoe Lori E. , Smith Sue , Shelton Deborah
Published: August 2023

This article reports the results of aligning the new
Essentials: Core Competencies for Professional Nursing Education
(
American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2021
) with the continuing education needs of nurses who work in justice settings and with justice-involved populations. Much progress in considering the development of the “future” nurse is generated by and intended for academic institutions. Although the readiness of health care agencies (employers) is being discussed, continued professional development of currently employed nurses to help them transition smoothly to work with this “future” nurse has received less attention. To that end, during its latest review, the Nurse Advisory Council to the National Commission on Correctional Health Care aligned its educational plan for correctional nurses with the
Essentials
document.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2023;54(9):399–404.]
An improved least squares (LS) channel estimation method based on CNN for OFDM systems
Authors: Yang Hua , Geng Xuan , Xu Heng , Shi Yichun
Published: August 2023

Least squares (LS) is a commonly used pilot-based channel estimation algorithm in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. This algorithm is simple and easy to implement because of its low computation complexity. However, it has poor performance, especially at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). To solve this problem, an improved LS channel estimation method based on convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed on the basis of analyzing the traditional LS channel estimation methods. A channel estimation compensated network is designed based on CNN, which can solve the problem of performance degradation of the mean square error (MSE) through the online and offline modules. By designing the input-output relations, training data set, and testing data set, a CNN network is iteratively trained to learn the relevant features of the channels, so that the traditional LS estimation value can be corrected to improve the accuracy. Simulation results show that the proposed method can achieve better performance in bit error rate (BER) and MSE, compared with the traditional channel estimation methods.
On concurrent vector fields on Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Ishan Amira
Published: August 2023

It is shown that the presence of a non-zero concurrent vector field on a Riemannian manifold poses an obstruction to its topology as well as certain aspects of its geometry. It is shown that on a compact Riemannian manifold, there does not exist a non-zero concurrent vector field. Also, it is shown that a Riemannian manifold of non-zero constant scalar curvature does not admit a non-zero concurrent vector field. It is also shown that a non-zero concurrent vector field annihilates de-Rham Laplace operator. Finally, we find a characterization of a Euclidean space using a non-zero concurrent vector field on a complete and connected Riemannian manifold.
Recursive reordering and elimination method for efficient computation of PageRank problems
Authors: Shen Zhao-Li , Liu Yu-Tong , Carpentieri Bruno , Wen Chun , Wang Jian-Jun
Published: August 2023

The PageRank model is widely utilized for analyzing a variety of scientific issues beyond its original application in modeling web search engines. In recent years, considerable research effort has focused on developing high-performance iterative methods to solve this model, particularly when the dimension is exceedingly large. However, due to the ever-increasing extent and size of data networks in various applications, the computational requirements of the PageRank model continue to grow. This has led to the development of new techniques that aim to reduce the computational complexity required for the solution. In this paper, we present a recursive 5-type lumping algorithm combined with a two-stage elimination strategy that leverage characteristics about the nonzero structure of the underlying network and the nonzero values of the PageRank coefficient matrix. This method reduces the initial PageRank problem to the solution of a remarkably smaller and sparser linear system. As a result, it leads to significant cost reductions for computing PageRank solutions, particularly in scenarios involving large and/or multiple damping factors. Numerical experiments conducted on over 50 real-world networks demonstrate that the proposed methods can effectively exploit characteristics of PageRank problems for efficient computations.
Robust optimal reinsurance-investment problem for $ n $ competitive and cooperative insurers under ambiguity aversion
Authors: Yang Peng
Published: August 2023

We investigate a robust optimal reinsurance-investment problem for $ n $ insurers under multiple interactions, which arise from the insurance market, the financial market, the competition mechanism and the cooperation mechanism. Each insurer's surplus process is assumed to follow a diffusion model, which is an approximation of the classical Cramér-Lundberg model. Each insurer is allowed to purchase proportional reinsurance to reduce their claim risk. To reflect the first moment and second moment information on claims, we use the variance premium principle to calculate reinsurance premiums. To increase wealth, each insurer can invest in a financial market, which includes one risk-free asset and $ n $ correlated stocks. Each insurer wants to obtain the robust optimal reinsurance and investment strategy under the mean-variance criterion. By applying a stochastic control technique and dynamic programming approach, the extended Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation is established. Furthermore, we derive both the robust optimal reinsurance-investment strategy and the corresponding value function by solving the extended HJB equation. Finally, we present numerical experiments, which yield that competition and cooperation have an important influence on the insurer's decision-making.
Closed-form approximate solutions for stop-loss and Russian options with multiscale stochastic volatility
Authors: Lee Min-Ku , Kim Jeong-Hoon
Published: August 2023

In general, derivation of closed-form analytic formulas for the prices of path-dependent exotic options is a challenging task when the underlying asset price model is chosen to be a stochastic volatility model. Pricing stop-loss and Russian options is studied under a multiscale stochastic volatility model in this paper. Both options are commonly perpetual American-style derivatives with a lookback provision. We derive closed-form formulas explicitly for the approximate prices of these two exotic options by using multiscale asymptotic analysis and partial differential equation method. The formulas can be efficiently computed starting with the Black-Scholes option prices. The accuracy of the analytic approximation is verified via Monte-Carlo simulations and the impacts of the multiscale stochastic volatility on the corresponding Black-Scholes option prices are revealed. Also, the performance of the model is compared with that of other models.
Glucose trend prediction model based on improved wavelet transform and gated recurrent unit
Authors: Yang Tao , Yang Qicheng , Zhou Yibo , Wen Chuanbiao
Published: August 2023

Glucose trend prediction based on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data is a crucial step in the implementation of an artificial pancreas (AP). A glucose trend prediction model with high accuracy in real-time can greatly improve the glycemic control effect of the artificial pancreas and effectively prevent the occurrence of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. In this paper, we propose an improved wavelet transform threshold denoising algorithm for the non-linearity and non-smoothness of the original CGM data. By quantitatively comparing the mean square error (MSE) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) before and after the improvement, we prove that the improved wavelet transform threshold denoising algorithm can reduce the degree of distortion after the smoothing of CGM data and improve the extraction effect of CGM data features at the same time. Based on this finding, we propose a glucose trend prediction model (IWT-GRU) based on the improved wavelet transform threshold denoising algorithm and gated recurrent unit. We compared the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and coefficient of determination ($ {\mathrm{R}}^{2} $) of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Support vector regression (SVR), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and IWT-GRU on the original CGM monitoring data of 80 patients for 7 consecutive days with different prediction horizon (PH). The results showed that the IWT-GRU model outperformed the other four models. At PH = 45 min, the RMSE was 0.5537 mmol/L, MAPE was 2.2147%, $ {\mathrm{R}}^{2} $ was 0.989 and the average runtime was only 37.2 seconds. Finally, we analyze the limitations of this study and provide an outlook on the future direction of blood glucose trend prediction.
The Matrix of Domination
Authors: Boyd Khadija
Published: August 2023

Before anyone should consider military service, they should be ready to handle the projection of others' insecurities and biases onto them from privileged positions. There is an emphasis placed on those who volunteer to serve their country. Nevertheless, there continues to be a flagrant show of hatred and prejudicial attitudes towards Black women. White men have been the prototype for soldiers for so long that any connection to Blackness and womanhood is insulting. The lack of respect for Black woman leadership also shows how deeply white maleness, anti-Blackness, misogyny, hegemonic masculinity, heteropatriarchy, and structural whiteness centers around leadership and as the standard of authority and influence over others. This chapter will deduce that the author, a Black woman, holds a unique perspective of how she enacted her leadership and how her experiences share certain commonalities of collective insight with other Black women across the armed forces.
Scientific/Technological Human Resources as a Success Factor in the Organizational Culture of SMEs
Authors: Ruiz Gerardo Reyes
Published: August 2023

Globalization demands better prepared students and Mexico should not remain indifferent to these demands. Thus, the objective of this case study is to show first-hand information to understand the problems that currently exist in terms of the formation of scientific and technological human capital in the State of Tlaxcala, Mexico. The results obtained through this research work will help to understand the importance generated by these human resources to build a successful and fundamental organizational culture for any Mexican company that today bets on cutting-edge innovation, especially all those that are generated in the States of Mexican Republic with less generation of these specialized human resources. The local public policy efforts made by local companies for the adoption of scientists and technologists in this geographical area of Mexico are also glimpsed.
Institutional Policymaking and Its Implications in the Analysis of Institutional Change
Authors: Vargas-Hernandez José G. , Vargas-González Omar C.
Published: August 2023

This study has the purpose of analyzing the implications of institutional policymaking in the analysis of institutional change. The analysis departs from the assumption that the analysis of institutional policymaking is a framework to design and implement institutional change. The method used is the meta cognitive-analytic-descriptive based on the conceptual-theoretical and empirical review of the literature on these issues. It is concluded that the analysis of institutional change must be supported by a framework of a policymaking development.
Artificial Intelligence and Nanotechnology in Biosensors
Authors: G. BalaKrisna  , Shaikh Abdul Hannan Abdul Mannan , Tiwari Mohit , Angel Latha Mary S.  , Deepa K.
Published: August 2023

Sensors and biosensors are devices for analytical purposes used for the quantification and qualification of an analyte of interest. The biosensor is able to interpret the chemical and physical changes produced in the presence of the compound to be analyzed, giving rise to an electronic signal capable of being interpreted. The newest application fields for biosensors vary depending on the type of transducer used and the biological agent, with the main applications being food, pharmaceutical and chemical industries, oil and gas prospecting, environmental control, quality control, medicine and engineering, biomedicine, pesticide control in agriculture, anti-doping control, etc. Biosensors have been linked with nanotechnology to improve their quality and reduce their size. With artificial intelligence, the quality of analysis is improved and provides concise results from a large amount of data. In this work, a study was carried out to understand the current scenario of this technology.
Electric Discharge Machining
Authors: Gugulothu Bhiksha , Sharma Pankaj , Pragadish N. , Vidyapriya V. , Venkatesan H.
Published: August 2023

In the last decade, there has been an increase in interest in electrical discharge machining (EDM)'s innovative applications, with a focus on this technology's potential for surface modification. Along with the erosion of the work material during machining, the inherent nature of the operation also causes some tool material to be lost. The surface composition after machining and, subsequently, its characteristics are influenced by the formation of plasma channel, which is composed of material vapours from the eroding work material and tool electrode, and pyrolysis of dielectric. Under appropriate machining circumstances, deliberate material transfer can be accomplished by distributing metallic powders in the dielectric or utilizing composite electrodes, or by combining the two. This study provides an overview of the phenomena of surface modification by electric discharge machining as well as potential future directions for its use.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity of Sr-HAP Powders for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Mohan Surendiran , Samiyappan Rathakrishnan , Aadhikesavan Harikirishnan
Published: August 2023

An important objective is to develop a biomaterial that can be used as bone-substituted materials with bacterial protection. Calcium-Phosphate and substituted HAP-based ceramic materials are considered as one of the potential candidate for bone and bone-related clinical applications. These ceramics are adequately biocompatible and do not induce adverse local tissue reactions, immunogenicity, or systemic toxicity. Furthermore, since this material is osteoconductive, it acts as a support for new bone formation within the pore sites, which are deliberately generated in the structure. In the biomedicine field, nanoparticles can be used as drug-delivery vehicles that can target tissues or cells and can be functionalized with special characteristics for qualitative or quantitative detection of tumor cells. For these reasons, the scope of the present work is to synthesize Sr-HAP powders with control of size, high quality, purity, and chemical composition by a microwave irradiation method at 720 W by varying aging time as 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h with uniform morphologies.
The Use of Biomaterials in the Field of Cardiology on the Perspectives and Possibilities of Creating a Permanent Total Artificial Heart
Authors: Kamalakkannan D. , Peter Soosai Anandaraj A. , Vijayaram T. R. , Samson Isaac J. , Uma K. , Vijaya Kumar Reddy R.
Published: August 2023

Loss of organ function, either partially or completely, can cause numerous social and psychological problems. Therefore, the importance of the artificial heart in medicine is evident, since it can help reduce symptoms and prolong the life of patients for a time, offering a better quality of life and later serving as a bridge for heart transplantation. So, would it be possible in real life to safely and reliably develop a permanent total artificial heart that performs all the functions of a biological one? In addition, the growth of nanotechnology and tissue engineering is contributing exponentially to the development of biospecific and mechanically more appropriate materials. It will be possible to create not only a device made of metal alloys, bioceramics, or polymers but also an organ that has the same composition and compatibility as a natural organ. This work aims to present the applications of biomaterials in cardiology, bringing a discussion about the perspectives and possibilities in the creation of a total permanent artificial heart.
Global Perspectives on Social Media Usage Within Governments
Authors: Chavadi Chandan , Manoj G. , Ganesan Sathis Kumar , Manoharan Sendhilkumar , Thangam Dhanabalan
Published: August 2023

In the present era of information, social media has risen as the primary channel for engagement. Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and others possess the capability to bring about significant changes. They have been instrumental in activities ranging from the downfall of governments to the amplification of political campaigns, the facilitation of public protests, the enablement of social demonstrations, and the initiation of social campaigns. Moreover, these platforms promote communication, dialogue, and awareness within public forums, serving as immediate sources of news and information. Within the dynamic landscape of communication evolution, the interconnected population now enjoys unprecedented access to information, expanded opportunities for public discourse, and enhanced potential for collective action.
Impact of Social Media on Social Workers in the Digital Age
Authors: Mirshad Rahman  , Sundaresan Madhusudanan , Akhila  , C. Bagavathi , Channabasaiah Kumaraswamy
Published: August 2023

Social workers must navigate issues related to client privacy, boundary management, and maintaining professional integrity online. The potential risks of misinformation, cyberbullying, and burnout demand careful attention and responsible usage. Despite these challenges, social media's positive impact on social workers cannot be ignored. It has empowered them to stay informed about the latest developments, trends, and best practices in their profession. As social media continues to evolve, it is crucial for social workers to embrace these technological tools thoughtfully and responsibly, harnessing their potential for enhancing collaboration and advancing social work practice.
Role of Social Media in the Digital Transformation of Business
Authors: Praveenraj D David Winster , Sudha E. , Hariharan R. , Vedapradha R. , Ashok J.
Published: August 2023

A digital transformation endeavor is the use of technology and digital processes to enhance business operations and consumer experiences. These projects frequently include the use of new technology like social media platforms, artificial intelligence (AI), and analytics, as well as the execution of digital processes like cloud computing, omnichannel commerce, data analytics, and automation. An organization needs to integrate digital transformation initiatives into its current systems if it wants to stay current with the rapidly evolving technology landscape of today. Social media is now an essential part of contemporary life, and businesses are increasingly using it to connect with their clients and other stakeholders. To take advantage of social media's huge potential, businesses are incorporating it into their digital transformation initiatives.
The Role of Social Media in Empowering Digital Financial Literacy
Authors: Baranidharan S. , Sankarkumar Amirdha Vasani , Chandrakala G. , Narayanan Raja , Sathyanarayana K.
Published: August 2023

This systematic review examined the role of social media in enhancing financial literacy among individuals by collecting and reviewing 60 articles published from 2021 to 2023. The findings revealed that social media has a positive impact on financial literacy through the dissemination of financial education, promotion of financial awareness, and sharing of financial experiences. The review also identified digital financial literacy, entrepreneurial learning, and financial knowledge as significant determinants of financial literacy, while demographic characteristics, social media usage behavior, risk attitude, and overconfidence played a role in determining financial literacy. The study recommends that financial institutions, policymakers, and educators leverage social media for promoting financial literacy, and social media usage skills to improve financial literacy among individuals. Overall, the study suggests that the use of social media can democratize financial literacy and enable individuals from diverse backgrounds to access financial education and information.
Promoting Online Safety
Authors: Krishnan Ravishankar , Vel Rajalakshmi , Zala Priyanka , Thandayuthapani S. , Moideen Batcha H. , Velusamy Kalyani , Chandrappa Theju Kumar
Published: August 2023

Social media offers great power and potential to all kinds of users, and it is not free from threats and risks that come along with the adoption of new tools and innovations. There is cyber stalking, sexting, bullying happening substantially. Anonymity of the virtual world has contributed to online harassment and lack of awareness. This research assesses the awareness and perception of female college students of Indian universities. The opinion of senior government officials in regulating social media to improve cyber resilience is sought. Using judgement sampling technique, 463 responses were collected through questionnaire method. The majority of respondents perceive social media as a useful place for infotainment. There is awareness however that respondents don't want to limit themselves and they are open to posting pictures, tweeting, commenting on unknown posts. Among many online platforms, incidence of cyber harassment is high on social media platforms. The main contribution of this study is to emphasize the need to treat cyber behaviour as a foundational course in today's parallel world.
Equitable and Inclusive Online Learning
Authors: Jayapriya J. , Vinay M.
Published: August 2023

Online learning has become a widely adopted mode of education, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. In general, individuals with disabilities face challenges when using non-technology components for studying. This chapter proposes a framework for equitable and inclusive online learning practices that support students with disabilities. The framework is based on a review of current research and best practices for online learning and disability accommodations. The framework emphasizes a collaborative, student-centered approach to online learning that acknowledges the unique needs and experiences of students with disabilities. Depending on the disabilities, the framework is divided into two phases namely: Prevalent Learning, and Discrete Learning. The former comprised components: Accessibility, Accommodation, and Engagement, and later has components like Methodology, Evaluation. The framework proposed provides a roadmap for addressing the challenges faced by students with disabilities in online learning environments.
Profiling Industry-Relevant Employability Skills
Authors: Sisodia Swati , Jan Sumaira
Published: August 2023

The demand for skilled and qualified manpower in India is likely to remain elevated and robust in the coming years, both nationally and internationally. To encourage, continuous development of employees' regular competency mapping of skills with changing job roles is essential to create a productive and expert employee. Competitiveness is closely related to the concept of employee performance, which has a direct relationship with training. The professional quality and the perceived satisfaction vary from levels to levels in a healthcare organization. Hence, conducting job profiling is important to identify skills across the hierarchy. This research article aims to explore the Employability Skills required by the professionals working in the healthcare sector at Medical Service Vertical, further, the utility of each skill is identified and then their relative importance is studied at each hierarchical level. Digital technology and sustainable manpower can boost the creation of new jobs.
Developing Skills and Competencies for Educators' Transitions to Using Digital Technologies
Authors: Kisembo Peter , Goosen Leila
Published: August 2023

The purpose of the study reported on in this chapter was to investigate the extent to which educators were developing skills and competencies for their transitions to using digital or Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) at a specific school in the greater Johannesburg area, Gauteng province, South Africa. Against the background of Developing Skills and Competencies for Digital and Green Transitions, the objectives of this study also included establishing to what extent the school was ready to implement such technologies in teaching and learning and hence be characterized as an e-school.
Volume Growth Advocacy and Sustainability Options in Sikkim Tourism in the Post-Pandemic Scenario
Authors: Dam Supriya
Published: August 2023

This study explores a dichotomy between the volume growth advocacy and survival options available to stakeholders in the post-pandemic scenario, applying sustainability principles in tourism in Sikkim. Pandemic inflicted respite from the volume growth advocacy model provided much-needed time to restore sanity, given the ecological fragility of the state. Scenario analysis of actual space on offer for tourism and host-guest ratio suggests the destination has embraced tourists beyond the acceptable limits. Per capita, municipal solid waste generation per day has left a lasting impact on land and masses. Mushrooming of concrete structures across urban centers exposes poorly planned arrangements for tourism facilities over sustainability considerations. Again, the projected demand for accommodation infrastructure and adjoining services is inadequate to meet spiraling demand. The study advocates for micro tourism besides practicing high-value and low-impact activities and spot-specific plans to strike a chord between volume growth advocacy and sustainability options.
Study of Micro and Small Enterprises' Readiness in Implementing Industry 4.0
Authors: Saha Saibal Kumar , Deshmukh Janhavi Ravindra , Ramakrishnan N.
Published: August 2023

Industry 4.0 aims tp transform the development of global value chains and the development of a digital revolution, with intelligent machines capable of communicating via wireless connections and a connection thought system, resulting in autonomous decision-making. Although large sized firms are adopting Industry 4.0, the small and micro enterprises are facing great difficulties in adopting them. This study aims to identify the areas in which Enterprises need to focus for improving their level of readiness and develop strategies and plans to adopt Industry 4.0 technologies successfully. 219 samples were collected using snowball sampling from Marathwada District in Maharashtra, India. factor analysis was conducted using SPSS and different factors acting as barriers to implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies were identified.
Application of Green Logistics in Supply Chain of Auto Parts
Authors: Saha Saibal Kumar , Rashmi S  , Pujari Siva Kumar
Published: August 2023

Green supply chain concept is used to reduce environmental degradation and emissions of air, water, and waste by incorporating green practices into business operations. Growing impacts of global warming, climate change, waste, and air pollution problems have prompted experts all over the world to think more environment friendly and find the best possible approach for “Green” solutions. green supply chain management is one of the factors that motivates organizations to be more sustainable. This study focuses on the green supply chain management in the auto parts industry in South Indian. Data from three green initiatives: recyclable packaging, green warehouse management and milk run approach for logistics is taken and compared with non-green approaches. It is found that there is significant reduction in costs by adopting the green approaches. With environmental issues growing all the time, green supply chain deserves to be a long-term community concern in developing countries.
The Development of Decentralized Governance Models for Web 3 Ecosystems
Authors: Surve Tanuj , Khandelwal Risha
Published: August 2023

This chapter delves into the development of decentralized governance models for Web 3 ecosystems. It analyzes the shortcomings of traditional governance models and how decentralized models can overcome them. The chapter then investigates several decentralized governance models, such as reputation-based systems, liquid democracy, and decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), as well as their benefits and drawbacks. The challenges associated with establishing decentralized governance models are also explored. Lastly, the chapter explores potential future advancements as well as best practices for creating and implementing decentralized governance models in Web 3 ecosystems. All in all, the importance of decentralized governance models in encouraging openness, participation, and accountability in Web 3 ecosystems is highlighted in this chapter.
Web 3 and the Future of Work
Authors: Schnauder Airi Helen
Published: August 2023

The landscape of work is undergoing significant changes, and the advent of Web 3 technologies is poised to accelerate this transformation. The gig economy, which emphasizes short-term contracts and freelance work, has been subject to criticism for its lack of job security, limited worker protections, and heightened competition. However, the emergence of Web 3 technologies and decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) offers a potential solution to these problems, by providing greater worker autonomy, transparency, and democratic decision-making. DAOs can help to give workers greater control over their working environment, as well as offering them greater job security. These technologies can also create new opportunities for workers to work remotely and receive payment more quickly than traditional methods. This chapter aims to examine the potential opportunities and obstacles presented by Web 3 and DAOs for the future of work.
Building Blocks for the Metaverse
Authors: Singh Shailey , Sisodia Himanshu
Published: August 2023

The term ‘metaverse,' was first coined in Neal Stephenson's 1992 novel “Snow Crash,” and has since been used to describe various types of virtual and augmented reality experiences. . The metaverse holds varying interpretations for different individuals. From its origins in science fiction literature to its recent rise to prominence in popular culture and the technology industry, the metaverse has captured the imagination of many. For some, it represents a virtual arena for socializing with friends, while others perceive it as a potential commercial arena for businesses and their clients. This chapter explores the concept of metaverse and its core building blocks. The chapter has three major sections: the first deals with an understanding of the emergence and concept of metaverse with a focus on virtual worlds, the second presents insight into the economy and commercial value generation by this new meta-era, and the third delves into the techniques and tools that enable the metaverse.
A Comparative Study of Smart Contracts-Based Blockchain
Authors: Banerjee Kaveri , Saha Sajal
Published: August 2023

Smart contracts are altering traditional industries and business processes. Smart contracts, which are entrenched in blockchains, allow the contractual requirements of a contract to be enforced automatically without the participation of a trustworthy third party. As a significance, smart contracts can minimise administration and service costs, improve business process efficiency, and reduce risks. Although smart contracts have the potential to spark a new innovation wave in corporate operations, they face a number of complications. This chapter offers an overview of smart contracts. This chapter provides an overview of smart contracts. The authors initiate by discussing blockchains as well as smart contracts. The problems of smart contracts are then discussed, in addition to contemporary technological breakthroughs. In addition, the authors assess common smart contract platforms also to provide a classification of smart contract applications, together with some exemplary instances.
Blockchain for Social Impact
Authors: Chen SzuTung
Published: August 2023

As customer demand and regulations drive the coffee industry towards greater traceability and sustainability, coffee farmers in producing countries continue to face challenges in capturing the intangible value-added in their products. This chapter examines the implementation of blockchain technology to address economic and social challenges faced by producers in the coffee industry. The findings demonstrate that blockchain implementation holds promise in reducing information asymmetry in the supply chain, establishing stronger customer-farmer connections, and generating various economic and social benefits for coffee farmers. However, blockchain-enabled third-party verification remains relatively uncommon in current practice. Several challenges must be effectively addressed to realize the full potential of blockchain and foster a more transparent, equitable, and sustainable coffee supply chain.
Web 3 Challenges
Authors: Overgaag Alexandra
Published: August 2023

This chapter highlights the need for a systemic, multi-disciplinary approach to understanding Web3's development. By disaggregating Web3 into interrelated networks of actors that hold distinct interests and beliefs, this chapter aims to describe and map Web3 to advance a more systemic understanding of its order and functioning. While presenting Web3 as a black box, the work underscores the importance of considering both the inherent nature of the technology itself and the broader societal context in which it operates and interacts with. Employing a Science, Technology, and Society lens, the work combines industry insights with a holistic approach to conceptualize the values, interests, and risks associated with Web3. The research holds that systemic challenges flow from Web3's inherent socio-technical and early-stage nature, and that its development is neither solely technologically determined nor entirely reliant on social actors. Instead, Web3's trajectory results from a complex interplay of its technological nature, societal values, stakeholder interests, and external (f)actors.