bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural basis of transcription: RNA polymerase II substrate binding and metal coordination using a free-electron laser
Authors: Lin Guowu , Barnes Christopher O. , Weiss Simon , Dutagaci Bercem , Qiu Chenxi , Feig Michael , Song Jihnu , Lyubimov Artem , Cohen Aina E. , Kaplan Craig D. , Calero Guillermo
Published: August 2024

Catalysis and translocation of multisubunit DNA-directed RNA polymerases underlie all cellular mRNA synthesis. RNA polymerase II (Pol II) synthesizes eukaryotic pre-mRNAs from a DNA template strand buried in its active site. Structural details of catalysis at near-atomic resolution and precise arrangement of key active site components have been elusive. Here, we present the free-electron laser (FEL) structures of a matched ATP-bound Pol II and the hyperactive Rpb1 T834P bridge helix (BH) mutant at the highest resolution to date. The radiation-damage-free FEL structures reveal the full active site interaction network, including the trigger loop (TL) in the closed conformation, bonafide occupancy of both site A and B Mg
2+
, and, more importantly, a putative third (site C) Mg
2+
analogous to that described for some DNA polymerases but not observed previously for cellular RNA polymerases. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the structures indicate that the third Mg
2+
is coordinated and stabilized at its observed position. TL residues provide half of the substrate binding pocket while multiple TL/BH interactions induce conformational changes that could allow translocation upon substrate hydrolysis. Consistent with TL/BH communication, a FEL structure and MD simulations of the T834P mutant reveal rearrangement of some active site interactions supporting potential plasticity in active site function and long-distance effects on both the width of the central channel and TL conformation, likely underlying its increased elongation rate at the expense of fidelity.
Nonreciprocal synchronization in embryonic oscillator ensembles
Authors: Ho Christine , Jutras-Dubé Laurent , Zhao Michael L. , Mönke Gregor , Kiss István Z. , François Paul , Aulehla Alexander
Published: August 2024

Synchronization of coupled oscillators is a universal phenomenon encountered across different scales and contexts, e.g., chemical wave patterns, superconductors, and the unison applause we witness in concert halls. The existence of common underlying coupling rules defines universality classes, revealing a fundamental sameness between seemingly distinct systems. Identifying rules of synchronization in any particular setting is hence of paramount relevance. Here, we address the coupling rules within an embryonic oscillator ensemble linked to vertebrate embryo body axis segmentation. In vertebrates, the periodic segmentation of the body axis involves synchronized signaling oscillations in cells within the presomitic mesoderm (PSM), from which somites, the prevertebrae, form. At the molecular level, it is known that intact Notch-signaling and cell-to-cell contact are required for synchronization between PSM cells. However, an understanding of the coupling rules is still lacking. To identify these, we develop an experimental assay that enables direct quantification of synchronization dynamics within mixtures of oscillating cell ensembles, for which the initial input frequency and phase distribution are known. Our results reveal a “winner-takes-it-all” synchronization outcome, i.e., the emerging collective rhythm matches one of the input rhythms. Using a combination of theory and experimental validation, we develop a coupling model, the “Rectified Kuramoto” (ReKu) model, characterized by a phase-dependent, nonreciprocal interaction in the coupling of oscillatory cells. Such nonreciprocal synchronization rules reveal fundamental similarities between embryonic oscillators and a class of collective behaviors seen in neurons and fireflies, where higher-level computations are performed and linked to nonreciprocal synchronization.
N-acetyltransferase 10 mediates cognitive dysfunction through the acetylation of GABABR1 mRNA in sepsis-associated encephalopathy
Authors: Gao Shenjia , Shen Ruling , Li Jie , Jiang Yi , Sun Hao , Wu Xinyi , Li Xiya , Miao Changhong , He Miao , Wang Jun , Chen Wankun
Published: August 2024

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a critical neurological complication of sepsis and represents a crucial factor contributing to high mortality and adverse prognosis in septic patients. This study explored the contribution of NAT10-mediated messenger RNA (mRNA) acetylation in cognitive dysfunction associated with SAE, utilizing a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced SAE mouse model. Our findings demonstrate that CLP significantly upregulates NAT10 expression and mRNA acetylation in the excitatory neurons of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Notably, neuronal-specificNat10knockdown improved cognitive function in septic mice, highlighting its critical role in SAE. Proteomic analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation, and real-time qPCR identified GABABR1 as a key downstream target of NAT10.Nat10deletion reduced GABABR1 expression, and subsequently weakened inhibitory postsynaptic currents in hippocampal DG neurons. Further analysis revealed that microglia activation and the release of inflammatory mediators lead to the increased NAT10 expression in neurons. Microglia depletion with PLX3397 effectively reduced NAT10 and GABABR1 expression in neurons, and ameliorated cognitive dysfunction induced by SAE. In summary, our findings revealed that after CLP, NAT10 in hippocampal DG neurons promotes GABABR1 expression through mRNA acetylation, leading to cognitive dysfunction.
That-trace effects in Najdi Arabic L2 learners of English
Authors: Aldosari Saad , Covey Lauren
Published: August 2024

The current study is a partial replication of Kim and Goodall (2024),
who tested competing predictions of two prominent accounts of that-trace effects, which are argued to emerge due
to either syntactic constraints or considerations of the production system. To tease apart these possibilities, Kim and Goodall
examine L2 sensitivity to that-trace effects, as the two accounts implicitly have different expectations
regarding L2 performance. Their results showed a non-native pattern of acceptability judgments for Korean and Spanish learners of
English, whose L1s do not display that-trace effects, which are argued to support a production-based account. The
current study extends their experiment to Nadji Arabic L2 learners of English, whose L1 critically exhibits
that-trace effects, allowing us to probe whether previous findings can be accounted for by processing
difficulties or L1 background. Our results indicated that despite L2 learners’ native-like sensitivity at the group level, lower
proficiency was associated with non-native-like subject extraction effects, in line with Kim and Goodall’s results. Overall,
findings from an acceptability judgment task suggest that L2 sensitivity to that-trace effects does not involve
transfer of a syntactic constraint, but is something that develops with proficiency, more in line with a production-based
account.
An investigation into FL children’s classroom emotions and their concurrent and longitudinal relationships with grit and growth mindset
Authors: Tsang Art
Published: August 2024

The recent decade has seen an increase in attention and an upsurge in studies about emotions in the field of L2/FL
teaching and learning. To expand our understanding, this study set out to investigate how young learners’ boredom and enjoyment
were related, concurrently and longitudinally, to grit and growth mindsets through the lens of broaden-and-build theory.
Ninety-eight primary-school EFL learners in Hong Kong participated in this longitudinal study. The findings show that all
variables under investigation were intercorrelated moderately to strongly. Remarkably, the two emotions predicted around 30% to
50% of the variance in grit and growth mindsets. However, closer scrutiny via multiple regressions revealed that enjoyment was the
only significant predictor of perseverance of effort (a component of grit) and growth mindsets while boredom was the only
significant predictor of consistency of interest (another component of grit). Theoretical and practical implications are
discussed.
Unveiling a Novel Insulator-to-Metal Transition in La2NiO4+δ: Challenging High-Temperature Superconductivity Claimed for Single-Layer Lanthanum Nickelates
Authors: Ji 吉 Yunqi 云奇 , Wang 王 Xiaohan 晓晗 , Li 李 Xiaohe 晓赫 , Tang 唐 Wenting 雯婷 , Li 李 Xinyang 新阳 , Wang 王 Xin 鑫 , Li 李 Fangfei 芳菲 , Li 李 Liang 亮 , Zhou 周 Qiang 强
Published: August 2024

La2NiO4 has a similar structure to La2CuO4 and was proposed as a high-temperature superconductor based on magnetic-moment measurements decades ago. Nevertheless, with the exception for electrical resistance drop behavior of about 4 orders of magnitude that is claimed to originate from the superconductivity ever observed in Sr-doped La2NiO4, most electrical data reported to date in La2NiO4 system exhibit a trivial insulating ground state. Here, we definitively identify the similar electrical resistance drop behavior of more than 3 orders of magnitude in La2NiO4+δ
. However, our extensive investigations reveal that this phenomenon is a novel insulator-to-metal transition, distinct from superconductivity. Intriguingly, compared to the weak magnetic-field effects, pressure can significantly suppress the transition and transform from the metallic to an insulating ground state, accompanied by an isostructural phase transition. Our work not only elucidates the fundamental properties of the metallic conducting ground state in La2NiO4+δ
, but also critically challenges the notion of superconductivity in single-layer lanthanum nickelates.
Electrochemical oxidation of ethanol on NiO/MoO2 hybridized wheat husk derived activated carbon
Authors: Azizi Sadegh , Rozati Seyed Mohammad , Askari Mohammad Bagher , Salarizadeh Parisa
Published: August 2024

The ethanol oxidation process in fuel cells is most efficient when conducted by platinum based catalysts. Our research team endeavored to find affordable and efficient catalysts, synthesizing catalysts based on metal oxides of nickel and molybdenum in the form of NiO/MoO2 and NiO/MoO2 hybridized with activated carbon obtained from the wheat husk (ACWH) through a hydrothermal method. After precise physical characterization, the capability of these catalysts in the ethanol oxidation process was measured through electrochemical analyses in an alkaline environment. The presence of ACWH in the catalyst structure significantly improves the active surface and electrocatalytic activity. NiO/MoO2/ACWH with a current density of 16 mA cm−2 at a peak potential of 0.55 V and 93% cyclic stability after 5000 alternate CV cycles, can be an appealing, relatively efficient, and stable option in ethanol oxidation.
Heterojunction photoelectric device with fast response speed and low power consumption composed of WSSe and AlN
Authors: Wang Hanxiao , Cui Zhen , Li Enling , Shen Yang , Qin Ke , Yuan Pei
Published: August 2024

Through the accurate calculation of density functional theory, reveal the excellent photoelectric properties of the AlN/WSSe and WSSe/AlN heterojunction. Especially, the hole mobility of the AlN/WSSe heterojunction is as high as 3919 cm2 Vs−1 in armchair direction, and the hole mobility of the WSSe/AlN heterojunction is as high as 4422 cm2 Vs−1 in the zigzag direction. Interestingly, when two H atoms are adsorbed in the WSSe surface, the Gibbs free energy change are −0.093 eV and −0.984 eV, which tends to zero, which can promote the spontaneous reaction of electrocatalytic water decomposition to produce H2. In addition, the AlN/WSSe heterojunction exhibits significant photoelectric effect photocurrent (1.15 a0
2/photon) in the armchair direction and the heterojunctions have lower threshold voltage (1.5 V), that indicate the AlN/WSSe and WSSe/AlN heterojunction have great application prospect in manufacturing high-performance optoelectronic devices with fast response and low power consumption.
Kink phenomena of the time-space fractional Sharma-Tasso-Olver (STO) equation
Authors: Alyobi Sultan , Alharthi Mohammed , Alrashedi Yasser , Khan Imran
Published: August 2024

This paper aims to obtain exact solutions of solitary waves for the conformable fractional Sharma-Tasso-Olver (STO) equation which plays an important role in nuclear physics to describe the physical occurrences such as the fission and fusion processes. Solitary waves operate central parts in different areas of study such as electromagnetism, atomic quantum theory, as well as special relativity. By means of sub-ode approach with the aid of the modified fractional Riccati-Bernoulli equation, the exact forms of generalized solitary solution of the fractional (STO) equation are found and specified in hyperbolic, trigonometric, and rational functions. This makes the visualization of the fractional effects and the dynamic behaviors of these solutions in 3D and 2D help in establishing practicality for application of the results. The novel analytical results benefit general engineering and mathematical physics in demonstrating that the proposed employment of the given technique allows solving nonlinear problem analytically. These findings are significant for the progress of wave proceedings in the number of applications.
Spin asymmetry of O 2p –related states in SrTiO3(001)
Authors: Popescu Dana G , Nicolaev Adela , Costescu Ruxandra M , Borcan Larisa E , Lungu George A , Tache Cristian A , Hușanu Marius A , Teodorescu Cristian M
Published: August 2024

Atomically clean SrTiO3(001) is characterized by low energy electron diffraction, core level and valence band photoelectron spectroscopy, the latter also with spin resolution. Samples prepared by a sputtering-annealing procedure exhibited in-gap states in the valence band spectra, Ti3+ components in Ti 2p core level spectra and a noticeable spin asymmetry in the 3–9 eV binding energy range, which corresponds to valence states of mainly O 2p character. Upon annealing in oxygen, the spin asymmetry vanishes, accompanied by the intensity decrease of the contribution of titanium low ionization states and of in-gap states, indicating that these three phenomena are mutually connected. The observed spin asymmetry may be generated by indirect exchange mediated by the in-gap states between O 2p orbitals, or by the partial Ti 3d character of these states, which acquire non-zero spin in case of incomplete oxygen coordination.
Ultrasonic and volumetric investigation of aqueous disodium EDTA with PEG 400 and PEG 4000 at different temperatures
Authors: Lamba Manisha , Bhakri Kanika , Chakraborty Nabaparna , Juglan K C
Published: August 2024

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 and 4000 thermodynamic characteristics in water-based disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solutions provide important clues about the nature of the intermolecular interactions taking place in this liquid environment. In order to make these determinations, the present study reports data for density and sound velocity at a variety of temperatures and then analyses the volumetric-acoustic features of the solutions. The experimental data for PEG 400 and PEG 4000, which are polyethylene glycols, were recorded at a constant atmospheric pressure of 0.1 MPa and at temperatures ranging from 288.15 to 318.15 K. The values were 0.007, 0.008, and 0.009 mol·kg−1. From the experimental density and speed of sound values, the following are computed: apparent molar properties, partial molar properties, partial molar transfer properties, and the partial molar expansibility, along with its first derivative and thermal expansion coefficient. According to the co-sphere overlap model, the results are described using these generated parameters, these are thought of as the type of interactions taking place within the combination. This study also uses partial molar characteristics to assess the pair interaction coefficients and triplet interaction coefficients.
Magnetic field sensor based on one-dimensional binary photonic crystal
Authors: Nithya P , Arunprakash S , Ramanujam N R
Published: August 2024

The work describes the study of a 1D photonic crystal to detect the magnetic fluid as a function of temperature and magnetic field. The structural dimensions are designed by incorporating alternating layers in a periodic way. Each layer is formed as a pair, in which a combination of two materials, PbS and air, is made with a thickness of 91 nm and 387 nm. Along with the structure, there is another mode called the defect mode, with a thickness of 277.5 nm, where the detecting magnetic fluid is injected. The overall PC structure is characterized by the transfer matrix method (TMM), whose results in the transmission spectrum as a function of wavelength are analyzed theoretically. In response to the magnetic fluid, the defect mode is generated and meets resonance at a particular wavelength. The change in shift for magnetic fluid gives the results for sensor performances. In particular, the proposed sensor is optimized by its structural perceptions, and its sensitivity is identified for both magnetic field and temperature through the absorption of magnetic fluid. The study of the temperature dependence of magnetic fluid is carried out at high temperatures up to 500 K. The sensitivity is calculated by noting the shift in defect mode for various incident angles, thicknesses, and temperatures. An increase in the angle of incidence improves both the sensitivity and FOM. The maximum sensitivity achieved, which depends on magnetic field and temperature, is 31.2 pm Oe−1 and 6.46 pm K−1, respectively, for a thickness of 305.25 nm at an angle of incidence of 50°. A maximum FOM of 57.884 Oe−1 is also achieved at an incident angle of 50° and a temperature 300 K. The work’s findings suggest developing prospective photonic devices, and the proposed PC has dual sensor characteristics that may be tuned.
The sensitivity of refractive index sensors based on defected 1D photonic crystals: an analytical approach
Authors: Vanyushkin Nikolay A , Efimov Ilya M , Gevorgyan Ashot H
Published: August 2024

In this paper, an analytical formula for the sensitivity of optical sensors based on one-dimensional photonic crystals (PCs) with a defect was derived for the first time. Based on this formula, a comparative analysis of the sensitivity of defected PCs with and without mirror symmetry was carried out. In addition, the exact values of sensitivity in the limit of an infinite PC with a quarter-wave unit cell were obtained. It was shown that the sensitivity of a defective PC with an infinitely thick defect layer is equal to that of a perfectly reflecting Fabry–Perot resonator and does not depend on the specific structure of the PC. The results of this work provide a significant simplification of the analysis and optimization of optical sensors based on defective PCs, as well as a better understanding of the numerous numerical results obtained previously.
Generalized strong locality inequality for multi-star-shaped quantum networks
Authors: Yang Ying , Cao Huaixin , Cuo Zhihua , Fan Yajing
Published: August 2024

The interest in quantum network correlations has surged, as Bell inequalities originating from a single source fall short of capturing the intricate many-body correlations within generic quantum networks. The introduction of a 3-grade m-star quantum network, a natural extension of star-shaped networks, features a hierarchy of nodes including A, m stars B
1, …, B

m
centered around A, and m stars

C

1

j

,

…
,

C

m

j

centered around each B

j
, and m + m
2 independent sources. The strong locality of this network has been explored, assuming that each party possesses only two observables. In this paper, we put forward a significant extension to the strong locality of 3-grade m-star quantum networks. Specifically, each C

j

k
performs n dichotomic measurements, while A and each B

j
conduct 2
n−1 dichotomic measurements. We establish a generalized strong locality inequality that holds for any value of n, and subsequently conduct a thorough analysis to determine the optimal quantum violation of established inequality. Through specific examples, we confirm the feasibility of achieving the optimal quantum violation of the generalized strong locality inequality for any n. We notice that for n > 3, a single copy of a two-qubit entangled state may not be sufficient to reveal the non-strong locality, whereas utilizing multiple copies can trigger this property.
Plasmonic and photonic refractive index biosensor based on bound states in the continuum
Authors: Dhibi Abdelhak , Al Abiad Abdullah , Abassi Amel , Rabhi Raja , Barhoumi Lassaad , Felidj Nordin , Djaker Nadia
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we propose a novel structure for biosensors based on a diffraction grating to diagnose four types of cancers cells. This biosensor is used to detect Hela, Jurkat, PC12, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cancerous cells, based on their refractive indices. The present configuration consists of a glass layer covered by a gold layer, a grating coated by a silicon nitride layer separating the sensor from sensing medium. Bound states in the continuum (BIC) in a hybrid plasmonic-photonic structure can be achieved at Γ point and off-Γ. The symmetry-protected BIC is formed at the Γ-point of the periodic system due to the strong coupling between plasmonic or photonic modes. On the other hand, the Friedrich-Wintgen (FW) BICs can be readily achieved off-Γ due to the strong coupling between plasmonic and photonic modes. A comparative study is made on the basis of three BICs (plasmonic BIC, photonic BIC, and FW-BIC). Here, numerical analysis based on the Rigorous coupled-wave analysis method (RCWA) is performed to optimize the biosensor sensitivity, by also considering the full width at half maximum (FWHM), detection accuracy (DA), and figure of merit (FoM). The FW BIC-based biosensor for photonic mode exhibits the highest S of 1208nm/RIU, low FWHM of 0.5 nm, the maximum DA of 2 nm
−1, and best FoM of 2416 RIU
−1.
A polarization conversion metasurface for broadband and high-efficiency bidirectional filtering
Authors: Li Fengxia , Chen Haiyan , Yin Jia-Yuan , Deng Jing-Ya
Published: August 2024

Here, we demonstrate a polarization conversion metasurface which is composed of a single layer square split-ring resonator and bi-layered slotted perfect electrical conductor (PEC) to realize broadband and high-efficiency bidirectional filtering. The numerical results indicate that y-polarized waves can be converted to x-polarized transmission waves in the frequency range of 6.6 GHz to 13.9 GHz, while prevent this polarized waves with frequency beyond this band, and purity x-polarized waves can be obtained as electromagnetic (EM) waves are incident along negative z-axis, meanwhile, x-polarized waves can be converted to y-polarized transmission waves and only y-polarized waves available when EM waves are incident along positive z-axis. This designed polarization conversion metasurface has the function of bidirectional filtering in a wideband frequency range. Furthermore, the broadband property can be maintained as the incident angle up to 30°. The Fabry–Pérot-like cavity model is established to clarify the interference and enhancement effect of polarization conversion, and the electrical field and surface current distributions are used to elucidate the physical mechanism of polarization conversion and filtering. The experimental results are coincident with the numerical simulations. This metasurface can be employed in controlling the filtering signal of the polarized devices and can be functional as a bandpass filter in communication systems.
Comparison of different estimation methods for the inverse power perk distribution with applications in engineering and actuarial sciences
Authors: Hussain Nazim , Tahir M H , Jamal Farrukh , Shafiq Shakaiba , Alsadat Najwan , Elgarhy Mohammed , Nasiru Suleman , Nagarjuna Vasili B V
Published: August 2024

Introducing the Inverse Power Perk distribution, this paper presents a versatile probability distribution designed to model positively skewed data with unprecedented flexibility. Building upon the Perk distribution, it accommodates a wide range of shapes including right-skewed, J-shaped, reversed J-shaped, and nearly symmetric densities, as well as hazard rates exhibiting various patterns of increase and decrease. The paper delves into the mathematical properties of this novel distribution and offers a comprehensive overview of estimation techniques, including maximum likelihood estimators, ordinary least square estimators, percentile-based estimators, maximum product of spacing estimators, Cramer-von Mises, weighted least squares estimators, and Anderson-Darling estimators. To assess the performance of these estimation methods across different sample sizes, Monte Carlo simulations are conducted. Through comparisons of average absolute error and mean squared error, the efficacy of each estimator is evaluated, shedding light on their suitability for both small and large samples. In a practical application, three real datasets, including insurance data, are employed to demonstrate the versatility of the current model, when comparing to existing alternatives. The IPP distribution offers significant advantages over traditional distributions, particularly in its superior ability to model tail risks, making it an invaluable tool for practitioners dealing with extreme values and rare events. Its computational efficiency further sets it apart, enabling more robust and faster analysis in large-scale datasets.This empirical analysis further underscores the utility and adaptability of the Inverse Power Perk model in capturing the nuances of diverse datasets, thereby offering valuable insights for practitioners in various fields.
The multi-positon and breather positon solutions for the higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation in optical fibers
Authors: Zhang Xi , Wang Yu-Feng , Yang Sheng-Xiong
Published: August 2024

Under investigation in this paper is the higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which can imitate the ultrashort pulses propagation in optical fibers. The modulation instability is analyzed based on the plane-wave solution. With the help of the generalized Darboux transformation, the second-, third- and fourth-order positon solutions are constructed. Furthermore, the second-, third- and fourth-order breather positon solutions are obtained, and the influences of parameters for the characteristics of solutions are analyzed.
Unrivaled single atom catalytic efficiency of Fe@Mg12O12 toward N2 reduction reaction (NRR) for NH3 generation
Authors: Allangawi Abdulrahman , Kosar Naveen , Ayub Khurshid , Gilani Mazhar Amjad , Imran Muhammad , Mahmood Tariq
Published: August 2024

The quest for efficient and sustainable catalytic processes for ammonia synthesis has led to the exploration of transition metal (TM) doped single-atom catalysts (SACs) due to their exceptional catalytic properties and potential for overcoming the limitations of conventional catalysts. This study investigates the application of iron-doped Mg12O12 nanocage (Fe@Mg12O12) as a novel SAC for the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), employing density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The optimum reaction mechanism pathway of the NRR has been investigated and obtained by considering the stability of the different possible intermediates. Our analysis reveals that the high spin nature of Fe in Fe@Mg12O12 can stabilize the NRR intermediates by facilitating different total spin-states of the intermediates. Moreover, the importance of the role of support is highlighted as it stabilizes the adsorbed moiety by binding to it is crucial. This study promotes the use SACs for the realization of a sustainable and active electrocatalyst for the NRR, offering new avenues for addressing global energy and environmental challenges through the advancement of sustainable catalytic technologies.
Electronic and magnetic properties of Janus ZrSSe monolayer doped with V impurity and VX3(X = C, N, O, and F) clusters
Authors: Trinh Thi Hue , Ha Chu Viet , Guerrero-Sanchez J , Hoat D M
Published: August 2024

In this work, doping with V impurity and VX3 (X = C, N, O, and F) clusters is proposed to modify the electronic and magnetic properties of Janus ZrSSe monolayer. Pristine ZrSSe monolayer is an indirect-gap semiconductor two-dimensional (2D) material with energy gap of 0.73 eV. This value is reduced to 0.13 eV under effects of single Zr vacancy, which corresponds to the reduction of the order of 82.19%. V impurity magnetizes significantly ZrSSe monolayer, inducing feature-rich magnetic semiconductor nature. Herein, the magnetism with a total magnetic moment of 1.00 μ

B
is produced mainly by V-3d orbital. Investigations indicate that the antiferromagnetic state with zero total magnetic moment is stable when V impurities are located close to each other. Further separating impurities causes the antiferromagnetic-to-ferromagnetic state transition, such that a total magnetic moment of 2.00 μ

B
is obtained. ZrSSe monolayer is metallized by doping with VC3, VN3 and VF3 clusters. In the first two cases, the non-magnetic nature is preserved. Meanwhile, significant magnetization with a total magnetic moment of 3.00 μ

B
is achieved by VF3 cluster substitution. Similarly, VO3 cluster induces significant magnetic properties in ZrSSe monolayer with a total magnetic moment of 1.00 μ

B
, which are originated mainly from the antiparallel spin orientation between V atom and Se atoms closest to the doping sites. Herein, VO3 cluster substitution in ZrSSe monolayer makes new magnetic semiconductor 2D material. The Bader charge analysis indicates that all four clusters attract charge from the host monolayer. Our work may introduce efficient approaches to modify the ZrSSe monolayer electronic and magnetic properties towards spintronic and optoelectronics applications.
Revealing discontinuous and continuous quantum phase transitions in shaken optical lattices
Authors: Shettigar Sheshgiri S , Alavani Bhargav K , Pai Ramesh V
Published: August 2024

We perform the cluster mean-field with density matrix renormalization (CMFT+DMRG) calculation on the two-band extended Bose–Hubbard model to uncover the physics behind the discontinuous transitions observed in the one-dimensional shaken optical lattice with hybridized two lowest Bloch bands. We determine the superfluid, Mott insulator, and staggered superfluid phases associated with this model using the appropriate order parameters. We obtained the phase diagrams for two values of shaking amplitudes and illustrated the phases and nature of phase transitions. The transition from Mott insulator and superfluid to staggered superfluid is discontinuous for small shaking amplitudes. We analyse how the shaking frequency controls the effective chemical potential in the model and, consequently, the ground state energy that drives the discontinuous transition. Finally, we compare our results with those of earlier works.
No evidence for parity violation in BOSS
Authors: Krolewski Alex , May Simon , Smith Kendrick , Hopkins Hans
Published: August 2024

Recent studies have found evidence for parity violation in the BOSS spectroscopic galaxy survey, with statistical significance as high as 7σ. These analyses assess the significance of the parity-odd four-point correlation function (4PCF) with a statistic calledX2. This statistic is biased if theparity-eveneight-point correlation function (8PCF) of the data differs from the mock catalogs. We construct new statisticsX2×,X2nullthat separate the parity violation signal from the 8PCF bias term, allowing them to be jointly constrained. Applying these statistics to BOSS, we find that the parity violation signal ranges from 0 to 2.5σdepending on analysis choices, whereas the 8PCF bias term is ~ 6σ. We conclude that there is no compelling evidence for parity violation in BOSS. Our new statistics can be used to search for parity violation in future surveys, such as DESI, without 8PCF biases.
Multi-party semi-quantum private comparison protocol of size relation based on two-dimensional Bell states
Authors: Wang 王 Bing 冰 , Gong 龚 Li-Hua 黎华 , Liu 刘 San-Qiu 三秋
Published: August 2024

Currently, all quantum private comparison protocols based on two-dimensional quantum states can only compare equality, via using high-dimensional quantum states that it is possible to compare the size relation in existing work. In addition, it is difficult to manipulate high-dimensional quantum states under the existing conditions of quantum information processing, leading to low practicality and engineering feasibility of protocols for comparing size relation. Considering this situation, we propose an innovative protocol. The proposed protocol can make size comparison by exploiting more manageable two-dimensional Bell states, which significantly enhances its feasibility with current quantum technologies. Simultaneously, the proposed protocol enables multiple participants to compare their privacies with the semi-quantum model. The communication process of the protocol is simulated on the IBM Quantum Experience platform to verify its effectiveness. Security analysis shows that the proposed protocol can withstand common attacks while preserving the privacies of all participants. Thus, the devised protocol may provide an important reference for implementation of quantum private size comparison protocols.
Vector magnetometry in zero bias magnetic field using nitrogen-vacancy ensembles
Authors: Li 李 Chunxing 春兴 , Shi 石 Fa-Zhan 发展 , Zhou 周 Jingwei 经纬 , Wang 王 Peng-Fei 鹏飞
Published: August 2024

The application of the vector magnetometry based on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) ensembles has been widely investigated in multiple areas. It has the superiority of high sensitivity and high stability in ambient conditions with microscale spatial resolution. However, a bias magnetic field is necessary to fully separate the resonance lines of optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectrum of NV ensembles. This brings disturbances in samples being detected and limits the range of application. Here, we demonstrate a method of vector magnetometry in zero bias magnetic field using NV ensembles. By utilizing the anisotropy property of fluorescence excited from NV centers, we analyzed the ODMR spectrum of NV ensembles under various polarized angles of excitation laser in zero bias magnetic field with a quantitative numerical model and reconstructed the magnetic field vector. The minimum magnetic field modulus that can be resolved accurately is down to ∼ 0.64 G theoretically depending on the ODMR spectral line width (1.8 MHz), and ∼ 2 G experimentally due to noises in fluorescence signals and errors in calibration. By using 13C purified and low nitrogen concentration diamond combined with improving calibration of unknown parameters, the ODMR spectral line width can be further decreased below 0.5 MHz, corresponding to ∼ 0.18 G minimum resolvable magnetic field modulus.
Quantization, dequantization, and distinguished states
Authors: Hawkins Eli , Minz Christoph , Rejzner Kasia
Published: August 2024

Geometric quantization is a natural way to construct quantum models starting from classical data. In this work, we start from a symplectic vector space with an inner product and—using techniques of geometric quantization—construct the quantum algebra and equip it with a distinguished state. We compare our result with the construction due to Sorkin—which starts from the same input data—and show that our distinguished state coincides with the Sorkin-Johnson state. Sorkin’s construction was originally applied to the free scalar field over a causal set (locally finite, partially ordered set). Our perspective suggests a natural generalization to less linear examples, such as an interacting field.
Studies of beam ion confinement to enhance plasma performance on EAST
Authors: FU 付 Jing 静 , HUANG 黄 Juan 娟 , WANG 王 Jinfang 进芳 , YU 虞 Limin 立敏 , BAE Cheonho , CHANG 常 Jiafeng 加峰 , HE 何 Kaiyang 开洋 , HUANG 黄 Yueheng 跃恒 , LI 李 Pan 磐 , GAO 高 Wei 伟 , JIN 金 Yifei 仡飞 , JIA 贾 Tianqi 天琦 , WANG 王 Minrui 敏锐 , SUN 孙 Yanxu 延旭 , SHI 史 Chang 唱 , WANG 王 Shusong 书松 , WANG 王 Xihui 曦辉 , ZHAO 赵 Hailin 海林 , ZHENG 郑 Yifeng 艺峰 , XIE 谢 Yahong 亚红 , ZHONG 钟 Guoqiang 国强 , ZANG 臧 Qing 庆 , LIU 刘 Haiqing 海庆 , QIAN 钱 Jinping 金平
Published: August 2024

A key physics issue for achieving steady-state high-performance plasmas on EAST tokamak is to decrease beam-ion losses to improve plasma confinement during neutral beam injections (NBIs). To decrease the beam losses, previous counter-I
p NBI injections are upgraded to co-I
p injections. Analysis shows that due to the reversed direction of drift across the flux surfaces caused by the pitch angle, the beam prompt loss fraction decreases from about 49% to 3% after the upgrade. Moreover, because of the change of entire beam path, beam shine-through (ST) loss fraction for counter-I
p tangential and counter-I
p perpendicular injections is reversed to co-I
p tangential and co-I
p perpendicular injections, respectively. Due to the change in the initial trapped-confined beam ion fraction caused by the peaked pitch profiles, the losses induced by toroidal ripple field are also reversed after the upgrade. To further improve the beam-ion confinement under the present NBI layout, the amplitudes of toroidal field are increased from 1.75 to 2.20 T. Result shows that, due to the smaller orbit width and peaked pitch angle profile, the beam prompt loss power is lower with higher toroidal field. Due to the synergy of higher initial trapped-confined beam ion fraction and narrower Goldston-White-Boozer (GWB) boundary, the loss induced by ripple diffusion is higher with higher toroidal field. The combined effect of beam ST loss, prompt loss and ripple loss, contributes to the increase in beam ion density. The decrease in beam loss power enhances beam heating efficiency, especially the fraction of beam heating ions. Finally, comparison between simulation and measurement by 235U fission chamber (FC) indicates that the increase in neutron rate is mainly contributed by improvement of beam-ion confinement. This study can provide potential support for beam operation and high-T
i experiment on EAST tokamak.
SMOS captures variations in SSS fronts during El Niño and La Niña
Authors: Li Jiahao , Du Ling
Published: August 2024

The launch of the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite has promoted research on sea surface salinity (SSS) and salinity fronts (SF). The SF in the central Pacific Ocean is influenced by El Niño and La Niña events, and the physical processes involved are complex. In this study, we evaluated the ability of the SMOS product from the Barcelona Expert Centre (BEC) to retrieve SF using a simple and intuitive method. Furthermore, this study investigated seasonal variations in the SF and its response to El Niño and La Niña events. The accuracy of the SMOS BEC L4 SSS is sufficient for studying SF. By selecting reasonable SF thresholds and analyzing its locations and intensities, in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean, SF can be divided into two: northern and southern SF. The variability in the northern SF is primarily influenced by the migration of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), whereas both freshwater flux and salt advection are the primary factors in the southern SF. They correspond to El Niño and La Niña events through freshwater flux and salt advection. These findings can provide information for the study of the SF based on satellite data and enhance our understanding of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dynamics.
High-performance manufacturing
Authors: Dongming Guo
Published: August 2024

Highlights

High-performance manufacturing (HPM) is a novel manufacturing framework.

HPM reveals the deep-coupling mechanism between design and manufacturing.

HPM stands out as one of the most effective manufacturing methods to ensure target consistency and inherent performance.

The applications of HPM in the manufacturing of aircraft flutter models and reactor coolant pumps are demonstrated.
On the minimal genus problem in four-manifolds
Authors: Stipsicz András , Szabó Zoltán
Published: August 2024

We study the minimal genus problem for some smooth four-manifolds.
Heegaard Floer multicurves of double tangles
Authors: Zibrowius Claudius
Published: August 2024

We describe a simple formula for computing the Heegaard Floer multicurve invariant of double tangles from the Heegaard Floer multicurve invariant of knot complements. A comparison with a similar multicurve invariant for Conway tangles in the setting of Khovanov homology confirms that knot Floer homology and Khovanov homology behave very differently under satellite operations, echoing recent observations from \cite{LZ}. We also obtain a new characterisation of L-space knots in terms of Heegaard Floer A-link satellites. Along the way, we find the first example of a satellite knot whose knot Floer homology is thin.
Lectures on families of Dirac operators and applications
Authors: Lin Francesco
Published: August 2024

These are the notes for a minicourse taught at the 2022 ICTP summer school Frontiers in Geometry and Topology. The goal is to introduce families of Dirac operators and how they can be used to study interactions between geometry and topology. In particular, we discuss the index theorem for families of twisted Dirac operators, and its applications to metrics of positive scalar curvature and the three-dimensional Weinstein conjecture.
The Validity of Validity
Authors: Coyle Sean
Published: August 2024

Moreso and Ródenas’s essay provides some striking images of legal validity which raise some interesting questions. The main part of this response deals with some implications of their theory. I argue that legal validity is best viewed as a practice concerned with what might be called ‘unifying rules’: a complete expression of a rule which is formed from various antecedent (or, in Continental systems, posterior) fragments. In the common law system, the legal concept of ‘ownership’ famously consists of a number of rights which are in turn composed from numerous statutory rules and court rulings. But the same is true of virtually any rule: eg the neighbour principle. This essay considers the extent to which Moreso and Ródenas’s theory provides the basis for a general theory of validity of this kind. The shorter second part of the essay discusses Maris Köpcke’s recent and important theory of legal validity.
Constitution
Authors: Ruiz Manero Juan
Published: August 2024

This chapter begins by drawing the very basic distinction between types of norms, power conferring norms, and regulative norms. The relationships between the two types of norms are different whether we are talking about the legal system as a whole or the document at its apex that we call the ‘constitution’. As for the legal system as a whole, regulative norms can exist and be functionally important even in the absence of systematic interrelations with power-conferring norms; as for the document we call ‘constitution’, however, it has to incorporate to be such, by means of power-conferring norms, the establishment and competences of the higher organs of the State. Section II outlines a general typology of regulative constitutional norms and pays particular attention to constitutional principles and constitutional policies or guidelines, as well as to the distinction between explicit constitutional principles and implicit constitutional principles and, within the latter distinction, to a French peculiarity: the fundamental principles recognised by the laws of the Republic. Section III examines two types of constitutive constitutional norms and pays particular attention to the norms conferring power to legislate. Its last part examines the distinction between constitutive validity and regulative validity of laws, as well as an unresolved tension between constitutional criteria of legal validity.
Elections and voters
Authors: Tonge Jonathan , Braniff Máire , Hennessey Thomas , McAuley James W , Rice Clare , Whiting Sophie A
Published: August 2024

Chapter 8 examines the electoral fortunes of Alliance. Several of the Party’s early electoral performances were impressive for a new organization in the 1970s, particularly given the unfavourable backdrop of a polarizing conflict. However, the 14 per cent of the vote won by Alliance in the 1977 local election was to prove a ceiling for many decades. As Northern Ireland polarized even further, the political centre ground appeared slender. The onset of peace and the Good Friday Agreement saw Alliance’s vote fall even lower, marginalized to a greater extent by the creation of political institutions recognizing mainly unionism and nationalism. Recent years, however, have seen a surge in support for Alliance to become the third largest party, and we analyze each possible explanation, including frustration over Assembly collapses, Brexit, the rising proportion of non-unionist and nationalist electors, and the ‘Naomi Long’ leadership factor.
Conclusion
Authors: Tonge Jonathan , Braniff Máire , Hennessey Thomas , McAuley James W , Rice Clare , Whiting Sophie A
Published: August 2024

The conclusion provides an assessment of Alliance’s role and future in Northern Ireland’s politics. It argues that Alliance’s survival is a significant achievement, given years of conflict and polarization. Alliance has always been different, as is reflected in its religious mix. Alliance shows there is a significant centre ground. The largest category of elector is neither unionist nor nationalist. If they all voted, Alliance would be the largest party. However, those eschewing unionism and nationalism are less likely to vote, often disinterested in the binary system. Having become Northern Ireland’s third largest party, Alliance is attempting to change the political rules. Yet alliance faces significant challenges in the event of a constitutional referendum. No constitutional option commands majority support among its members. Whilst unity in diversity has been a strength for Alliance, it would be tested in the event of a border poll—and it looks doubtful that the Party will take a position.
The Dark Past
Authors: Wiecek William M
Published: August 2024

The Dark Past provides a historical overview and interpretive guide to all of the US Supreme Court’s major cases that affected the freedom and rights of Black Americans since 1800. It offers coherence to a chronicle of cases and connects the events of the past to the current era of racial inequality. The US Supreme Court sustained slavery, racial discrimination, segregation, racial inequality, and white preference through constitutional interpretation and legal doctrine. Moreover, The Dark Past incorporates structural racism as a principal definition of inequality in the contemporary Black legal experience. It elaborates on several significant cases affecting the rights of Black people, such as the Dred Scott decision and the Plessy v. Ferguson decision.
Exploring Possibilities: Experimenting and Practice to Mastery (Principle 6)
Authors: Boyatzis Richard E
Published: August 2024

Chapter 6 discusses how sustained, desired change requires periods of experimenting and then practicing the desired new thoughts or behavior. Practice must continue to the point of mastery, or new habits. To increase the sustainability of the learning or change, experimentation requires periodic excursions into the Positive Emotional Attractor (PEA) to replenish and revitalize the energy needed. Reinforcing a strength requires practice, and practice requires effort and self-control. To achieve mastery with the change, deliberate practice is needed, interspersed with moments of PEA to revitalize the effort. Successful practice is often experienced as a power law. Rhythm, dosage, feedback, training, stealth learning, and multitasking can help, but not the way they are typically offered. The chapter discusses visualizing as a type of practice that establishes new neural pathways, how the myth of 10,000 hours is exaggerated, and how coaching can offer development in organizations and for individuals wanting to change.