bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Central Venous Catheter-Associated Deep Venous Thrombosis in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Faustino Edward
Published: August 2017

The presence of a central venous catheter and admission to the intensive care unit are the most important risk factors for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in children. At least 18% of critically ill children with a catheter develop radiologically confirmed catheter-associated thrombosis. Clinically apparent thrombosis occurs in 3% of critically ill children with a catheter and is associated with 8 additional days of mechanical ventilation. Even when the thrombus is initially asymptomatic, 8 to 18% of critically ill children with catheter-associated thrombosis develop postthrombotic syndrome. Thrombosis is uncommon within 24 hours after insertion of a nontunneled catheter in critically ill children, but nearly all thrombi have developed by 4 days after insertion. Hypercoagulability during or immediately after insertion of the catheter plays an essential role in the development of thrombosis. Pharmacologic prophylaxis, including local anticoagulation with heparin-bonded catheter, has not been shown to reduce the risk of catheter-related thrombosis in children. Systemic anticoagulation in critically ill children started soon after the insertion of the catheter, however, may be beneficial. A multicenter clinical trial that is testing this hypothesis is currently underway.
The Modified Ottawa Score and Clinical Events in Hospitalized Patients with Cancer-Associated Thrombosis from the Swiss VTE Registry
Authors: Alatri Adriano , Mazzolai Lucia , Kucher Nils , Aujesky Drahomir , Beer Jürg , Baldi Thomas , Banyai Martin , Hayoz Daniel , Kaeslin Thomas , Korte Wolfgang , Escher Robert , Husmann Marc , Frauchiger Beat , Engelberger Rolf , Baumgartner Iris , Spirk David
Published: August 2017

The modified Ottawa score (MOS) predicted venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence in a cohort of patients with cancer-associated thrombosis mainly managed on an outpatient basis. We aimed to assess the prognostic value of the MOS in hospitalized patients with cancer-associated thrombosis. In 383 hospitalized patients with cancer-associated VTE from the SWIss VTE Registry, 98 (25%) were classified as low risk, 175 (46%) as intermediate risk, and 110 (29%) as high risk for VTE recurrence based on the MOS. Clinical end points were recurrent VTE, fatal VTE, major bleeding, and overall mortality at 90 days. Overall, 179 (47%) patients were female, 172 (45%) had metastatic disease, and 72 (19%) prior VTE. The primary site of cancer was lung in 48 (13%) patients and breast in 43 (11%). According to the MOS, the rate of VTE recurrence was 4.1% for low, 6.3% intermediate, and 5.5% high risk (p = 0.75); the rate of fatal VTE was 0.8, 1.9, and 2.0% (p = 0.69); the rate of major bleeding was 3.1, 4.1, and 3.6% (p = 0.92); and the rate of death was 6.1, 12.0, and 28.2% (p < 0.001), respectively. None of the MOS items was associated with VTE recurrence: female gender hazard ratio (HR) 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53–2.96), lung cancer HR 1.17 (95% CI, 0.35–3.98), prior VTE HR 0.44 (95% CI, 0.10–1.91), breast cancer HR 0.83 (95% CI, 0.19–3.58), and absence of metastases HR 0.74 (95% CI, 0.31–1.74). In hospitalized patients with cancer-associated VTE, the MOS failed to predict VTE recurrence at 3 months but was associated with early mortality.
Distance of the Posterior Interosseous Nerve from the Radial Head during Elbow Arthroscopy: An Anatomical Study
Authors: Arrigoni Paolo , Cucchi Davide , Guerra Enrico , Marinelli Alessandro , Menon Alessandra , Randelli Pietro , Pederzini Luigi ,   SIGASCOT Upper Limb Committee
Published: August 2017

Purpose The aims of this study were to measure the distance of the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) from the radial head (RH) and its variations with forearm movements.

Methods Five fresh frozen cadaver specimens were dissected under arthroscopy. An anterior capsulectomy extended to the entire lateral compartment was performed. The need of soft tissue dissection to isolate the nerve in the extracapsular space was recorded. The distance between the nerve and the anterior part of the RH was then measured with a graduated caliper inserted via the midlateral portal with the forearm in neutral position, full pronation, and full supination.

Results The PIN was identifiable in all the specimens. In four cases, it was surrounded by a thick layer of adipose tissue, and further dissection was necessary to isolate it. Damage of the PIN during dissection occurred in one case, in which the proximal part of the nerve was accidentally cut. In three of the remaining cases, an increased distance was measured with the forearm in supination, as compared with neutral and full pronation position.

Conclusion This anatomical study suggests that in most of the cases, the PIN does not lay just extracapular at the level of the radiocapitellar joint, but is surrounded by a thick layer of adipose tissue. Furthermore, its distance from the RH appears to increase with forearm supination. This position could increase the safe working space between RH and PIN.

Clinical Relevance Knowledge of PIN position in relation to the anterior elbow capsule and its changes with forearm movements can help reduce the iatrogenic injuries during elbow arthroscopy.
Exploring the cultural dimensions of environmental victimization
Authors: Hall Matthew
Published: August 2017

Arguing from a cultural victimological perspective, this article makes a case for the wider utilization of restorative justice and mediation-based approaches as a means of providing alternative or parallel justice mechanisms for both human and nonhuman victims of environmental crimes and broader environmental harms. Traditional criminal justice mechanisms, it is argued, are fundamentally ill-equipped to identify, prosecute and sentence in a manner proportionate to the full range of environmental victimizations emanating from many environmental crimes or other pollution events. Radical and critical criminological perspectives, it is argued, have only gone so far in conceptualizing this broader form of victimization, especially as it pertains to non-anthropomorphic aspects of the ecosystem. In contrast, the cultural understanding of victimhood has a more constructivist, dynamic character representing developing traumas and emphasizing the benefit to human victims of being officially acknowledged as such. It also gives such victims the opportunity to present “accounts” of their harm. Such characteristics, it is argued, better reflect the reality of environmental victimization and, in so doing, point towards a more central place for mediational and restorative justice mechanisms within the environmental sphere. That said, it will also be demonstrated that restorative justice and mediation mechanisms—despite bringing numerous advantages to human victims in terms of their perceptions of procedural justice—have as yet failed to adequately incorporate notions of ecological and species justice. Moreover, the present state of research in the area of environmental alternative dispute resolution is woefully lacking. The article, therefore, concludes with a call for more development of the cultural approach by green victimologists generally, as well as a focus on testing and developing restorative justice in this area in particular.
Next generation extended Lagrangian first principles molecular dynamics
Authors: Niklasson Anders M. N.
Published: August 2017

Extended Lagrangian Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics [A. M. N. Niklasson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 123004 (2008)] is formulated for general Hohenberg-Kohn density-functional theory and compared with the extended Lagrangian framework of first principles molecular dynamics by Car and Parrinello [Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 2471 (1985)]. It is shown how extended Lagrangian Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics overcomes several shortcomings of regular, direct Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics, while improving or maintaining important features of Car-Parrinello simulations. The accuracy of the electronic degrees of freedom in extended Lagrangian Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics, with respect to the exact Born-Oppenheimer solution, is of second-order in the size of the integration time step and of fourth order in the potential energy surface. Improved stability over recent formulations of extended Lagrangian Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics is achieved by generalizing the theory to finite temperature ensembles, using fractional occupation numbers in the calculation of the inner-product kernel of the extended harmonic oscillator that appears as a preconditioner in the electronic equations of motion. Material systems that normally exhibit slow self-consistent field convergence can be simulated using integration time steps of the same order as in direct Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics, but without the requirement of an iterative, non-linear electronic ground-state optimization prior to the force evaluations and without a systematic drift in the total energy. In combination with proposed low-rank and on the fly updates of the kernel, this formulation provides an efficient and general framework for quantum-based Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations.
Measurement of the velocity of neutral fragments by the “correlated ion and neutral time of flight” method combined with “velocity-map imaging”
Authors: Berthias F. , Feketeová L. , Della Negra R. , Dupasquier T. , Fillol R. , Abdoul-Carime H. , Farizon B. , Farizon M. , Märk T. D.
Published: August 2017

In the challenging field of imaging molecular dynamics, a novel method has been developed and implemented that allows the measurement of the velocity of neutral fragments produced in collision induced dissociation experiments on an event-by-event basis. This has been made possible by combining a correlated ion and neutral time of flight method with a velocity map imaging technique. This new method relies on a multiparametric correlated detection of the neutral and charged fragments from collision induced dissociation on one single detector. Its implementation on the DIAM device (Device for irradiation of biomolecular clusters) (Dispositif d’Irradiation d’Agrégats bioMoléculaires) allowed us to measure the velocity distribution of water molecules evaporated from collision induced dissociation of mass- and energy-selected protonated water clusters.
Hydrodynamic model of the collective electron resonances in C60 fullerene
Authors: Gildenburg V. B. , Pavlichenko I. A.
Published: August 2017

The polarization-response spectrum of the fullerene C60 modeled as a homogeneous spherical plasma shell is calculated in the framework of the hydrodynamic approach, allowing for the spatial dispersion caused by the Fermi-distributed valence electrons. The dipole eigenoscillation spectrum of the shell is found to contain a series of plasmons distinguished by the frequency and the radial structure. The first two of them (whose structures for C60 are the subject of discussion up to now) pass to the lower and higher surface plasmons of the plasma shell if its thickness is much larger than the Tomas-Fermi length. However, under parameter values corresponding to the C60 molecule, when these lengths are of the same order, both these plasmons (providing the main contribution to the fullerene absorption spectrum) are found to be actually volume ones in their spatial structure, and the frequency of the higher of them becomes larger than the plasma frequency (as with all the higher volume plasmons). The resonance curve of the fullerene absorption cross-section calculated on the basis of the developed model with allowance for the surface losses caused by the reflection of electrons at the shell boundaries agrees well with the experimental data.
Large area periodic ferromagnetic nanowires deposited onto a polymer substrate
Authors: Zighem F. , Faurie D. , Belmeguenai M. , Garcia-Sanchez A. , Lupo P. , Adeyeye A. O.
Published: August 2017

There are various challenges associated with the fabrication of highly ordered magnetic nanostructures on flexible substrates due to the compatibility with lithography and deposition techniques. In this article, we present a nanofabrication technique to synthesize a large area (5 × 5 mm2) of ferromagnetic nanowires on top of a polymer substrate (Kapton®) using interference lithography and sputtering processes. We have systematically characterized their static and dynamic magnetic behaviors using magneto-optical Kerr magnetometry and broadband ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy. To evaluate the quality of our approach, we also deposited an identical array of nanowires on Silicon substrates for comparison. The nanowires deposited on the two substrates display similar static and dynamic properties, including the identical magnetization reversal process, number of resonance modes, and comparable damping parameters. The results suggest the good quality of our nanowires and their suitability in future flexible spintronic devices.
Angle-resolved molecular beam scattering of NO at the gas-liquid interface
Authors: Zutz Amelia , Nesbitt David J.
Published: August 2017

This study presents first results on angle-resolved, inelastic collision dynamics of thermal and hyperthermal molecular beams of NO at gas-liquid interfaces. Specifically, a collimated incident beam of supersonically cooled NO (2Π1/2, J = 0.5) is directed toward a series of low vapor pressure liquid surfaces ([bmim][Tf2N], squalane, and PFPE) at θinc = 45(1)°, with the scattered molecules detected with quantum state resolution over a series of final angles (θs = −60°, −30°, 0°, 30°, 45°, and 60°) via spatially filtered laser induced fluorescence. At low collision energies [Einc = 2.7(9) kcal/mol], the angle-resolved quantum state distributions reveal (i) cos(θs) probabilities for the scattered NO and (ii) electronic/rotational temperatures independent of final angle (θs), in support of a simple physical picture of angle independent sticking coefficients and all incident NO thermally accommodating on the surface. However, the observed electronic/rotational temperatures for NO scattering reveal cooling below the surface temperature (Telec < Trot < TS) for all three liquids, indicating a significant dependence of the sticking coefficient on NO internal quantum state. Angle-resolved scattering at high collision energies [Einc = 20(2) kcal/mol] has also been explored, for which the NO scattering populations reveal angle-dependent dynamical branching between thermal desorption and impulsive scattering (IS) pathways that depend strongly on θs. Characterization of the data in terms of the final angle, rotational state, spin-orbit electronic state, collision energy, and liquid permit new correlations to be revealed and investigated in detail. For example, the IS rotational distributions reveal an enhanced propensity for higher J/spin-orbit excited states scattered into near specular angles and thus hotter rotational/electronic distributions measured in the forward scattering direction. Even more surprisingly, the average NO scattering angle (⟨θs⟩) exhibits a remarkably strong correlation with final angular momentum, N, which implies a linear scaling between net forward scattering propensity and torque delivered to the NO projectile by the gas-liquid interface.
Excited state wavepacket dynamics in NO2 probed by strong-field ionization
Authors: Forbes Ruaridh , Boguslavskiy Andrey E. , Wilkinson Iain , Underwood Jonathan G. , Stolow Albert
Published: August 2017

We present an experimental femtosecond time-resolved study of the 399 nm excited state dynamics of nitrogen dioxide using channel-resolved above threshold ionization (CRATI) as the probe process. This method relies on photoelectron-photoion coincidence and covariance to correlate the strong-field photoelectron spectrum with ionic fragments, which label the channel. In all ionization channels observed, we report apparent oscillations in the ion and photoelectron yields as a function of pump-probe delay. Further, we observe the presence of a persistent, time-invariant above threshold ionization comb in the photoelectron spectra associated with most ionization channels at long time delays. These observations are interpreted in terms of single-pump-photon excitation to the first excited electronic X̃ 2A1 state and multi-pump-photon excitations to higher-lying states. The short time delay (<100 fs) dynamics in the fragment channels show multi-photon pump signatures of higher-lying neutral state dynamics, in data sets recorded with higher pump intensities. As expected for pumping NO2 at 399 nm, non-adiabatic coupling was seen to rapidly re-populate the ground state following excitation to the first excited electronic state, within 200 fs. Subsequent intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution results in the spreading of the ground state vibrational wavepacket into the asymmetric stretch coordinate, allowing the wavepacket to explore nuclear geometries in the asymptotic region of the ground state potential energy surface. Signatures of the vibrationally “hot” ground state wavepacket were observed in the CRATI spectra at longer time delays. This study highlights the complex and sometimes competing phenomena that can arise in strong-field ionization probing of excited state molecular dynamics.
The Anderson impurity model out-of-equilibrium: Assessing the accuracy of simulation techniques with an exact current-occupation relation
Authors: Agarwalla Bijay Kumar , Segal Dvira
Published: August 2017

We study the interacting, symmetrically coupled single impurity Anderson model. By employing the nonequilibrium Green’s function formalism, we reach an exact relationship between the steady-state charge current flowing through the impurity (dot) and its occupation. We argue that the steady-state current-occupation relation can be used to assess the consistency of simulation techniques and identify spurious transport phenomena. We test this relation in two different model variants: First, we study the Anderson-Holstein model in the strong electron-vibration coupling limit using the polaronic quantum master equation method. We find that the current-occupation relation is violated numerically in standard calculations, with simulations bringing up incorrect transport effects. Using a numerical procedure, we resolve the problem efficiently. Second, we simulate the Anderson model with electron-electron interaction on the dot using a deterministic numerically exact time-evolution scheme. Here, we observe that the current-occupation relation is satisfied in the steady-state limit—even before results converge to the exact limit.
Aerodynamic acceleration of heavy particles in a supersonic jet of a binary mixture of gases with disparate-mass components
Authors: Lazarev Alexander V. , Tatarenko Kira A. , Amerik Alexander Yu.
Published: August 2017

The method of moments for the ellipsoidal distribution function was used for solving the Boltzmann equation describing binary gas mixtures with large mass disparity and highly diluted heavy component. Analysis of the system of moment equations results in a simple analytic expression for the terminal slip velocities of components that depends on the conditions in the source of jet, composition of mixture, and C6 constant of the attractive branch of the interaction potential. The results are in good agreement with experimental data including low pressure conditions when the Miller-Andres correlation is unsatisfactory.
Multiple stages of decay in two-dimensional turbulence
Authors: Fang Lei , Ouellette Nicholas T.
Published: August 2017

We report measurements of the free decay of turbulence in a quasi-two-dimensional laboratory flow. We observe three clearly distinguished stages of decay, each characterized by an exponential decrease of the kinetic energy with time, but with different decay constants. Using filtering techniques, we identify the physics that controls each stage of decay. The first and most rapid stage is not due to the merger of like-sign vortices as has often been suggested but rather to the rapid relaxation of downscale spectral energy leakage. The second stage is a manifestation of dynamical inverse energy cascade processes and lasts until the separation of scales becomes small. The final stage of decay appears to be dominated by the vertical stratification in our experiment. Our results clarify the dynamical processes at work in decaying two-dimensional turbulence.
Development of beam emission spectroscopy diagnostic on EAST
Authors: Wang H. J. , Yu Y. , Chen R. , Wu Y. F. , Yuan B. D. , Gong S. B. , Yu Q. J. , Lyu B. , Shi Y. J. , Ye M. Y. , Wan B. N.
Published: August 2017

Beam Emission Spectroscopy (BES) diagnostic based on Neutron Beam Injection (NBI) on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak has been developed. This system consists of 16 × 8 channels which can diagnose the density fluctuation in a rectangular area of about 20 × 10 cm2 in the cross section, whose radial position is adjustable from the core to edge just by means of changing the angle of the rotation mirror. The spatial resolution is about 1-3 cm according to the diagnosed radial position. The temporal resolution is 1 μs. Space calibration of the diagnostic system is done based on the reversibility of the optical path. The NBI modulation experiment shows the success of BES development.
Simulation of deterministic energy-balance particle agglomeration in turbulent liquid-solid flows
Authors: Njobuenwu Derrick O. , Fairweather Michael
Published: August 2017

An efficient technique to simulate turbulent particle-laden flow at high mass loadings within the four-way coupled simulation regime is presented. The technique implements large-eddy simulation, discrete particle simulation, a deterministic treatment of inter-particle collisions, and an energy-balanced particle agglomeration model. The algorithm to detect inter-particle collisions is such that the computational costs scale linearly with the number of particles present in the computational domain. On detection of a collision, particle agglomeration is tested based on the pre-collision kinetic energy, restitution coefficient, and van der Waals’ interactions. The performance of the technique developed is tested by performing parametric studies on the influence of the restitution coefficient (en = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8), particle size (dp = 60, 120, 200, and 316 μm), Reynolds number (Reτ = 150, 300, and 590), and particle concentration (αp = 5.0 × 10−4, 1.0 × 10−3, and 5.0 × 10−3) on particle-particle interaction events (collision and agglomeration). The results demonstrate that the collision frequency shows a linear dependency on the restitution coefficient, while the agglomeration rate shows an inverse dependence. Collisions among smaller particles are more frequent and efficient in forming agglomerates than those of coarser particles. The particle-particle interaction events show a strong dependency on the shear Reynolds number Reτ, while increasing the particle concentration effectively enhances particle collision and agglomeration whilst having only a minor influence on the agglomeration rate. Overall, the sensitivity of the particle-particle interaction events to the selected simulation parameters is found to influence the population and distribution of the primary particles and agglomerates formed.
Hyperstructured illumination in disordered media
Authors: Khan Emroz , Narimanov Evgenii E.
Published: August 2017

We study the performance of imaging based on hyperstructured illumination, the super-resolution approach using structured illumination with a hyperbolic substrate, in a realistic environment with material disorder. We demonstrate that the approach allows robust data recovery even with limited information on the disorder.
Ultra-broadband graphene-InSb heterojunction photodetector
Authors: Xu Jianbao , Hu Junxiong , Wang Rubing , Li Qi , Li Weiwei , Guo Yufen , Liu Fengkui , Ullah Zaka , Wen Long , Liu Liwei
Published: August 2017

We demonstrate a room temperature ultra-broadband graphene-InSb heterostructure photodetector. By introducing a thin oxide layer between the P-type graphene film and N-type InSb, the dark current is suppressed sharply. The device can detect light from the visible to far infrared region, exhibiting a high responsivity of ∼70 mA W−1 at a typical wavelength of 1.7 μm. It is worth mentioning that the photodetector has delivered a mid-infrared (MIR) photoresponsivity of ∼42 mA W−1, which also opens a way for MIR communication technology.
Thermal conductance of electrons in graphene and stanene ribbons modulated via electron-phonon coupling
Authors: Peng Xiao-Fang , Zhou Xin , Jiang Xiang-Tao , Gao Ren-Bin , Tan Shi-Hua , Chen Ke-Qiu
Published: August 2017

The thermal transport properties of the electrons in stanene nanoribbons (SNRs) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are studied using a nonequilibrium Green's function approach in which the effects of electron-phonon coupling are considered. The results demonstrate that the electron thermal conductance values in both SNRs and GNRs are closely related to both the temperature T and the chemical potential μ. Comparison with the thermal transport properties of GNRs shows that the quantized thermal conductance plateau in SNRs is narrower at low temperatures, while the thermal conductance is also greater at higher temperatures in SNRs. The periodic strain-induced electron-phonon coupling can modulate the thermal conductance periodically in both SNRs and GNRs.
Note: A two-dimensional position-sensitive micro-channel plate detector with a cross-connected-pixels resistive anode and integrated spectroscopy amplifiers
Authors: Yang Liping , Liu Junliang , Zhang Yuezhao , Wang Wei , Yu Deyang , Li Xiaoxiao , Li Xin , Zheng Min , Ding Baowei , Cai Xiaohong
Published: August 2017

Based on the charge-division method, a compact detector system for charged particles is constructed. The system consists of a pair of micro-channel plates, a novel two-dimensional position-sensitive cross-connected-pixels resistive anode, and specially designed front-end electronics that can directly drive analog-to-digital converters. The detector is tested with an 241Am α-source. A position resolution of better than 0.3 mm and a maximum distortion within 0.5 mm in the active dimensions of 100 mm diameter are achieved.
Growth performance and carcass characteristics of Australian prime lambs supplemented with pellets containing canola oil or flaxseed oil
Authors: Nguyen Don V. , Malau-Aduli Bunmi S. , Nichols Peter D. , Malau-Aduli Aduli E. O.
Published: August 2017

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of enriched omega-3 oil supplemental pellets, breed and gender on lamb liveweight (LWT), body conformation and carcass characteristics, and to assess the relationships between body conformation and growth under an intensive finishing condition. Sixty ewe and wether prime lambs 7 months old were randomly allocated to one of five dietary treatments: no oil inclusion (Control); 2.5% canola oil; 5% canola oil; 2.5% flaxseed oil and 5% flaxseed oil, balanced by breed (purebred Merinos (M × M) and Corriedale × Merino (C × M) and White Suffolk × Corriedale (W × C) first crosses). Lambs were individually supplemented with 1 kg pellets per day and had free access to lucerne hay and water throughout the 7-week feeding trial, after a 3-week adaptation. Dietary oil inclusion did not cause significant differences in daily feed intake, growth performance and carcass characteristics (P > 0.05). However, first-cross W × C lambs had significantly higher feed intake, chest girth and body conformation score (P < 0.05) than M × M and C × M lambs. Carcass weight, dressing percentage and fat depth of crossbred lambs were significantly higher than those of M × M (P < 0.05). Significant interactions between oil inclusion and breed on average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio were observed. There were positive and highly significant correlations among LWT, ADG and body conformation measurements (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that prime lamb producers can better manage and match their breeding goals with feed resources by supplementing first-cross C × M lambs with pellets containing 5% canola oil or feeding first-cross W × C lambs with 5% flaxseed oil pellets during the 10-week intensive finishing period.
Recombinant bovine somatotropin on heifer’s biometric measures, bodyweight, blood metabolites, and dry matter intake predictions
Authors: Gandra Jefferson R. , Oliveira Euclides R. , Takiya Caio S. , Del Valle Tiago A. , Gandra Erika R. S. , Goes Rafael Henrique T. B. , Orbach Natyaro D. , Rodrigues Gessica Cristina G.
Published: August 2017

This study aimed to determine the influence of sustained-release recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) injections on biometrics measures, bodyweight (BW), average BW gain, observed and predicted DM intake, accuracy of recent methods to estimate DM intake, blood metabolites, haematological profile and rectal temperature in dairy heifers. Thirty Holstein heifers (132 ± 27 kg BW and 6.2 ± 0.35 months of age) were used in a complete randomised design experiment. Heifers were assigned to treatments: (1) Control (CON), 250 mL of saline solution, or (2) rbST, 250 mg of sustained-release rbST every 15 days. Treatments were injected in the subcutaneous of ischiorectal fossa or subscapular region in a regular alternating manner (right and left side) every 15 days throughout a period of 90 days. Prediction of DM intake was calculated using either non-linear or linear models for heifers in tropical conditions. rbST injections increased the average values of thoracic perimeter, length, and rump width in heifers. rbST-treated heifers had higher average BW and BW gain than CON. Regardless of the model applied, both observed and predicted DM intake were higher for heifers rbST-treated in relation to CON. Non-linear model was accurate without significant bias. rbST injections elevated blood glucose and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration in heifers. No differences were detected on haematological profile and rectal temperature of heifers. rbST injections every 15 days to growing heifers promoted animal performance by increasing biometrics measures and BW gain. In addition, non-linear model was accurate to predict DM intake of heifers.
Two positions for verbal modifiers
Authors: Hegedűs Veronika , Dékány Éva
Published: August 2017

This paper brings into question recent proposals that all types of Hungarian verbal modifiers are merged in the complement zone of the verb, and argues that certain verbal particles and resultatives are merged as specifiers in the extended verb phrase. The empirical focus of the paper is inseparable particle verbs. Verbal particles and resultatives do not behave uniformly when it comes to combinability with inseparable particle verbs: some particles and resultatives can co-occur with inseparable particles verbs, while others cannot. We will argue that particles and resultatives that belong to the former group are merged in a specifier position, while those belonging to the latter group are merged in the verb’s complement. Our results also support the view that objects are merged as specifiers rather than as complements (Bowers, 1993; Arad, 1996; Hale & Keyser, 1993; and Den Dikken, 2015b).
A representational account of vowel harmony in terms of variable elements and licensing
Authors: Hulst Harry van der
Published: August 2017

This article develops a new theory of vowel harmony in which harmony is represented in terms of a licensing relationship between vowels that carry the harmonic element ‘invariably’ and vowels that carry this element ‘variably’; the latter vowels are the alternating vowels. Of central concern is the occurrence of opaque and so-called transparent vowels, which cause asymmetries in the harmony systems. I also provide an account of a four-way typology in palatal harmony systems that has been proposed in Kiparsky and Pajusalu (2003). The licensing relation that accounts for vowel harmony is local at the nuclear projection. I will discuss several cases which violate nuclear locality, proposing an auxiliary hypothesis that allows skipping a nucleus under specific circumstances.
Measure constructions in Hungarian and the semantics of the -nyi suffix
Authors: Schvarcz Brigitta R.
Published: August 2017

This paper examines the distribution and meaning of the -nyi suffix. -nyi naturally attaches to container classifiers and induces a measure interpretation of the container noun. I show that -nyi is not restricted to the dimension of volume but applies generally to count nouns. -nyi combines with N to create a measure head, analogous to expressions such as kilo. I maintain that being a measure head, N-nyi combines with a numeral to form a complex phrasal modifier. I then examine the semantics of -nyi itself. I show that it has two interpretations: it induces a measure reading of the N pohár in két pohár-nyi bor, and it forces an approximative interpretation when suffixed to an explicit measure expression as in kiló-nyi.
Logophoric ziji in Mandarin child language
Authors: Su Yi-ching
Published: August 2017

Research on reflexivization in the past two decades has in general converged on a mixed approach, which acknowledges both syntactic conditions of anaphor binding and logophoric considerations (e.g., Reinhart & Reuland 1993; Pollard & Xue 2001; Huang & Liu 2001). However, these analyses differ in where to draw the dividing line between the two functions of the Mandarin reflexive ziji. Following the widely accepted generalization that children’s mastery of the discourse or pragmatic related constraints is observed long after that of the syntactic constraints, this study conducts two experiments to investigate Mandarin-speaking children’s and adults’ logophoric interpretations of sentences with ziji, using a Truth Value Judgment Task, and compares the patterns with their anaphoric interpretations of sentences with ziji. The results show that Mandarin-acquiring preschool children around age 5–6 still have not mastered the interpretations for sentences with logophoric ziji, even though there is only one sentence-internal antecedent. The findings provide clear empirical support for the claim that logophoric binding modulated by discourse/ pragmatic principles indeed takes a longer time for children to acquire than syntactically governed anaphoric binding.
Native and non-native comprehension of the Japanese existential quantifier nanko-ka
Authors: Minai Utako , Nadtochiy Naoko
Published: August 2017

This paper discusses native and non-native speakers’ comprehension of the Japanese quantifier nanko-ka, which is viewed as an existential quantifier (cf., some in English) in Japanese. The existential quantifier is argued to be ambiguous at the semantics-pragmatics interface: at the semantic level, it means ‘at least one, possibly all’; at the pragmatic level, it is interpreted as ‘at least one, but not all’. Nanko-ka, as an existential quantifier in Japanese, is expected to exhibit this ambiguity, although there is no data that we are aware of which demonstrates that native speakers indeed access these two interpretations of nanko-ka. Thus, the first goal of the study reported in this paper is to examine native comprehension of this quantifier. As regards the acquisition of the existential quantifier, research in first language acquisition has suggested that children initially have limited access to the pragmatic interpretation of some, in comparison to adults. However, once it comes to adult second language acquisition, how adult L2 learners may cope with the ambiguity of the existential quantifier is not well-known. Given this, the second goal of the current paper is to investigate how nanko-ka is interpreted by English-speaking L2 learners of Japanese.
Meaning both ‘also’ and ‘only’?
Authors: Ricca Davide
Published: August 2017

Italian pur(e) seems to be quite peculiar among focus markers, since diachronically it displays the whole span of functions, from non-scalar exclusive to non-scalar additive. It is still an open question as to whether or not at some stage of its history pure enjoyed such an extended (nearly self-contradictory) polysemy synchronically too (while it is surely not the case for the contemporary language). The present investigation, based on the large corpus of the Opera del Vocabolario Italiano, casts some doubts on this possibility for Old Italian (approximately until the end of 14th century). Moreover, it surveys the very wide polysemy of pure beyond the functions of focus marker proper, and proposes several different evolutionary paths, among which some involve also non-focus marker uses as intermediate steps.
On the distribution of additive focus particles addirittura and perfino/persino in Italian
Authors: Atayan Vahram
Published: August 2017

The present contribution aims to investigate the distribution of the Italian adverbs addiritura and perfino/persino using authentic linguistic data. Different structural, semantic and argumentative factors that are said to correlate with, or influence the distribution of these adverbs, shall be examined. The current scientific state of knowledge regarding the specificities of addirittura and perfino/persino shall be compared with data from Repubblica Corpus and C-Oral-Rom. Such comparison will show that the distribution of addirittura and perfino/persino is influenced by the syntactic function of the element in the focus, its semantics in the specific context (in particular the existence of focus alternatives), as well as the type of argumentative reinforcement marked by the adverb. Addirittura tends to refer to the predicate or the sentence as a whole. It is mainly used for direct argumentative reinforcement and may occur in non-additive contexts. In contrast, perfino/persino tends to create a local focus, is far less common in non-additive contexts and can be used for direct, as well as indirect argumentative reinforcement. These differences in use confirm the overall results of previous research and may be due to the diachronic evolution of the two adverbs.
Additive relations in L2 French
Authors: Benazzo Sandra , Paykin Katia
Published: August 2017

Our study compares the expression of additive relations in oral native (French, Italian, Russian) and non-native discourse (French L2), elicited with the same visual stimulus. On the basis of a comparative analysis of native productions, we argue that, in additive contexts, Russian clearly shares the discourse perspective attested in the two Romance languages. Our French L2 data have shown that both Russian and Italian groups seem to proceed by looking for similarities with respect to their L1, but learners of a closer typological language (Italian L1) rely longer on structures that are formally (or functionally) similar and assume more similarities than there actually are, in comparison to learners of typologically unrelated language (Russian L1), thus confirming the psycho-typology effects.
Spatial interrogatives
Authors: Stolz Thomas , Levkovych Nataliya , Urdze Aina
Published: August 2017

This paper explores the diachronic behavior of the paradigms of the spatial interrogatives where, whither, and whence in forty-five contemporary Romance varieties by way of comparing them to the facts reported for their common ancestor: Latin. It is shown that the vast majority of the paradigms have undergone leveling in the sense that the erstwhile (phonological) suppletion of the Latin paradigm was replaced by ternary sets of word-forms sharing the same stem. This shared stem is identical to that of Latin ubi ‘where’ (= locative) in many of the sample languages. At the same time, an almost equally strong group of Romance varieties has generalized Latin unde ‘whence’ (= ablative) over the paradigm. These facts are inquired into against the backdrop of the general linguistic discussion about the nature of syncretism of spatial relations in language.
A cline of visible commitment in the situated design of imperative turns
Authors: Zinken Jörg , Deppermann Arnulf
Published: August 2017

In the management of cooperation, the fit of a requested action with what the addressee is presently doing is a pervasively relevant consideration. We present evidence that imperative turns are adapted to, and reflexively create, contexts in which the other person is committed to the course of action advanced by the imperative. This evidence comes from systematic variation in the design of imperative turns, relative to the fittedness of the imperatively mandated action to the addressee’s ongoing trajectory of actions, what we call the “cline of commitment”. We present four points on this cline: Responsive imperatives perform an operation on the deontic dimension of what the addressee has announced or already begun to do (in particular its permissibility); local-project-imperatives formulate a new action advancing a course of action in which the addressee is already actively engaged; global-project-imperatives target a next task for which the addressee is available on the grounds of their participation in the overall event, and in the absence of any competing work; and competitive imperatives draw on a presently otherwise engaged addressee on the grounds of their social commitment to the relevant course of actions. These four turn shapes are increasingly complex, reflecting the interactional work required to bridge the increasing distance between what the addressee is currently doing, and what the imperative mandates. We present data from German and Polish informal and institutional settings.
Three imperative action formats in Danish talk-in-interaction
Authors: Heinemann Trine , Steensig Jakob
Published: August 2017

In Danish talk-in-interaction, imperative verbs often occur together with modal particles. This paper investigates three such combinations of imperatives and modal particles. We argue that the combinations are best understood as separate social action formats performing different actions in specific interactional contexts, rather than as modifications or modalizations of an imperative. The modal particles (bare and lige) investigated are the ones that occur most frequently with imperatives in our data. Both might on some occasions be translated into ‘just’ in English, but they are not synonymous in Danish. The investigated actions formats are: (1) imperative+lige, which is used to perform a request for an action that is portrayed as being part of a common project, (2) imperative+bare, which is used to grant permission, and (3) bare+imperative, which is used to advise the recipient to carry out a specific action as a solution to a problem. The action formats are designed to show consideration of the recipient’s benefits of the proposed actions in specific ways, and they make differential claims of entitlement, deontic authority, and moral accountability. As a more general point, we propose that an approach to grammatical formats that begins with the actual use of combinations of words and structures in interactional contexts, is more revealing than starting with a default understanding of the interactional function of a grammatical structure (for instance, that the imperative has a “commanding” function) and then see combinations with other words and structures as modifications of this default function.
Negotiating deontic rights in second position
Authors: Keevallik Leelo
Published: August 2017

This study looks at offer sequences in Estonian with an analytical focus on answers in the imperative form. “Telling someone to do something” has traditionally been considered an initiating action, typically an order. In this study, however, Estonian speakers are shown to produce “orders” in second position, i.e., in response to an initiating action. These imperative responses are grammatically fitted to first actions in at least two ways. First, they reuse the verbs in the first actions, thus constituting one type of verb repeat response that is common in Estonian conversation. Second, they are grammatically restricted to positions after turns formatted in 1st person, termed my-side offers in this study. With the adjacency pair my-side offer – imperative response participants are shown to navigate the landscape of interpersonal deonticity. It is a crucial feature of my-side offers that the speaker defines the future from her own perspective, formulating what she herself will do, albeit with clear consequences and obligations for the recipient. The originator of the offer thus claims deontic rights over the future course of activities that concern both parties, and displays a strong expectation of acceptance by the other. Imperative responses, however, challenge these rights. Instead of merely accepting the offer, they redefine the current speaker as the deontic authority. The analysis is based on phone calls between mothers and young adult daughters – a relationship where entitlement to services, as well as respective deontic rights, can be an issue. It is overwhelmingly mothers who produce offers in these calls, and daughters who answer them in the imperative form. The paper argues that the daughters thereby reclaim agency and rights to independently decide upon their future in the ongoing process of becoming a responsible adult.
Imperatives in Swedish medical consultations
Authors: Lindström Jan , Lindholm Camilla , Norrby Catrin , Wide Camilla , Nilsson Jenny
Published: August 2017

This chapter investigates the use of imperative-formatted directives in Swedish medical consultations. The specific focus of the chapter is the division of labor between straight, non-modulated imperative turns and imperative turns which are modulated with a discourse particle or some other verbal mitigating device. The results show that non-modulated imperative turns are embedded in diagnostic work, nominating subsequent actions in a series. Orientations to projected trajectories of action and the other participant’s expectations are clearly present when modulated imperative turns are produced; they are also frequent in the opening and closing routines of the consultations. Thus, there is a link between routinized and projectable actions and the use of imperatives with a pragmatic modulating element.
Sweet cherry varieties and improvement.
Authors: Quero-García J. , Schuster M. , López-Ortega G. , Charlot G.
Published: August 2017

This chapter focuses on the breeding of new sweet cherry cultivars. Information on the origin, parentage, tree growth, productivity, phenology, fruit characteristics and resistance to various biotic and abiotic factors of these sweet cherry cultivars are also presented.
Invertebrate and vertebrate pests: biology and management.
Authors: Papadopoulos N. T. , Lux S. A. , Köppler K. , Beliën T.
Published: August 2017

This chapter provides an overview of the most important cherry pests, taking into account their destructiveness, distribution and regularity of occurrence. The main approaches and trends in their management are also discussed.
Fungal diseases.
Authors: Børve J. , Ippolito A. , Tanovic B. , Michalecka M. , Sanzani S. M. , Poniatowska A. , Mari M. , Hrustic J.
Published: August 2017

This chapter presents some of the most destructive pre- and postharvest fungal diseases of cherries, such as cherry leaf spot, shot-hole disease, brown rot, grey mould, anthracnose and Mucor rot, among others. Information on the factors influencing disease development and the efficacy of various strategies in disease control are also presented.
Bacterial diseases.
Authors: Puławska J. , Gétaz M. , Kałużna M. , Kuzmanović N. , Obradović A. , Pothier J. F. , Ruinelli M. , Boscia D. , Saponari M. , Végh A. , Palkovics L.
Published: August 2017

This chapter presents a list of some of the most important bacterial diseases of cherries, such as crown gall, bacterial canker and bacterial leaf spot, among others. The efficacy of various methods in the control of these diseases are also discussed.
Postharvest biology and handling for fresh markets.
Authors: Zoffoli J. P. , Toivonen P. , Wang Yan Wang Yan
Published: August 2017

This chapter presents a review of the physiology of sweet cherry fruit growth and maturation. Information on the critical factors involved in the postharvest handling and deterioration of cherry fruits are also presented.