bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SPORT FAN AGGRESSION AND ANONYMITY: THE IMPORTANCE OF TEAM IDENTIFICATION
Authors: Wann Daniel L. , Peterson Robin R. , Cothran Cindy , Dykes Michael
Published: May 2006

The current study tested the hypothesis that there would be a positive relationship between sport team identification and willingness to injure anonymously an opposing player or coach. To test this hypothesis, 88 college students were asked to indicate their willingness to murder someone
anonymously and their willingness to injure anonymously the star player and coach of a rival team. The data confirmed the hypothesis, even after controlling for level of sport fandom. However, because the data failed to reveal a significant relationship between team identification and desire
to murder someone anonymously, it is apparent that the highly identified fans were not simply more aggressive in general. Rather, they were more aggressive only when the target was a player or coach of a rival team. Discussion centers on the instrumental nature of the current form of fan aggression.
PARENTAL EVALUATIONS AND THEIR AGREEMENT: RELATIONSHIP WITH CHILDREN'S SELF-CONCEPTS
Authors: Lau Sing , Pun Kit-Ling
Published: May 2006

The relationships between parents'evaluations of their children, and agreement between parental evaluations and children's self-evaluations in four self-concept domains (academic, physical, social and general) were examined in the present study. A sample of 974 families, each
consisting of a father, a mother and a child of primary grade (aged 8 to 13), were included. Significant correlations were found between parental (especially maternal) evaluations and children's self-concepts. There was a significant relationship between parent-parent agreement and children's
self-concepts. Children with parents who disagreed tended to have lower self-concepts than those with parents who agreed positively. They tended also to be more influenced by maternal evaluations. Across sex and grade, academic self-concept was the domain in which parental evaluation impact
was the greatest.
PERSONALITY AND EMOTIONAL CORRELATES OF RIGHT-WING AUTHORITARIANISM
Authors: Butler J. Corey
Published: May 2006

Authoritarianism, the tendency to be hierarchical, conventional, and intolerant, has been implicated by research as an extreme feature of general right-wing ideology. The relationship between this ideological pattern and variables of personality and emotion was investigated in three
studies. Studies 1 and 2 assessed personality traits in terms of the five-factor model, as well as right-wing authoritarianism, conservatism, and a battery of other political attitude measures. Study 3 examined the positive and negative affect of individuals with differing levels of authoritarianism.
The results demonstrate that the authoritarian syndrome is primarily characterized by low openness to experience, and that it is unrelated to self-reported measures of emotion.
THE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL INTAKE AND INDUCED FRUSTRATION UPON ART VANDALISM
Authors: Nordmarker Anki , Norlander Torsten , Archer Trevor
Published: May 2006

This study was designed to examine the interactive effects between alcohol-intake and frustration effects upon art vandalism. 100 subjects, 50 men and 50 women, were randomly assigned to five experimental conditions (Control, Alcohol, Alcohol+Frustration, Frustration and Placebo)
with 10 men and 10 women in each group. Subjects were provided with the opportunity to scrawl on a picture of Adam and Eve (the AET test). AET was evaluated also on levels of “destruction”, “aggression” and “sexuality”. The results indicated that alcohol
alone did not increase the degree of vandalism, but that there was a significant increase in scores of scrawlinggraffiti under the influence of alcohol+frustration. Female subjects performed graffiti-scrawling to a significantly greater extent than did male subjects in all five groups.
PEER-PERCEIVED SOCIAL COMPETENCE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF LOW-LEVEL EDUCATED YOUNG ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Maassen Erard H. , Landsheer Johannes A.
Published: May 2006

This study focuses on the relationship between peer-rated social competence and academic success among teenagers of the lowest level of Dutch general secondary education. At this educational level, an uninterested or even a mildly depreciative attitude toward academic achievements is
anticipated. As a result, it is expected that the relationship between academic performance and peer-perceived social competence should be void or even negative. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 157 youths, 76 boys and 81 girls between 14 and 17 years. This sample showed a predominantly
negative attitude toward academic achievements. The correlations between peer-rated social competence and various measures of academic competence were void or even negative. A significant negative correlation is found with respect to achievements in mathematics and physics. The poorest school
achievements are found among a small category of children who have received mainly neutral peer-judgments of social competence.
RELATIONSHIP OF FAMILY ENVIRONMENT TO ADOLESCENTS' DEPRESSION AND SELF – CONCEPT
Authors: Lau Sing , Kwok Lai-Kuen
Published: May 2006

The study aimed at examining the relationships among family environment, depression and self-concept of adolescents in Hong Kong. A multi-domain perspective was adopted. The study involved a total of 2706 adolescents. Subjects were group administered a questionnaire containing the multi-domain Family Environment Scale (Moos & Moos, 1981), the multi dimensional depression scale – Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale (Reynolds, 1987) and the Multi-domain Multi-Perspective Self-Concept Inventory (Cheung & Lau, 1996). Results showed that all the three domains of family environment (relationship, personal growth, and system maintenance) correlated significantly with the three depression aspects (emotionality, lack of positive experience, and physiological irritation). The relationship domain of FES appeared to correlate more strongly than the other two domains with the depression aspects. The FES domains also correlated strongly and positively with the four domains of self-concept: academic, appearance, social, and general. Both the relationship domain and system maintenance domain correlated more strongly than the personal growth domain with the self-concept domains. Regression analyses showed that family relationship was most predictive of various aspects of depression and self-concept. Sex difference was found in the prediction of both boys' and girls' depression and self-concept. With boys, system maintenance was predictive only of self-concept. With girls, personal growth was predictive of depression, and personal growth and system maintenance were predictive of self-concept. Analysis of variance showed that students high on family relationship, personal growth, and system maintenance were low in different depression aspects, but high in various self-concept domains. It was concluded that a cohesive, orderly, and achieving family environment is conducive to more positive development in adolescents, in terms of lower depression and higher self-concept.
THE ROLE OF SEXUAL DESIRE AND SEXUAL ACTIVITY IN DATING RELATIONSHIPS
Authors: Regan Pamela C.
Published: May 2006

Previous research indicates that adults believe that sexual desire and sexual activity play different roles in love relationships. Little research, however, has been conducted to document the presumed differences between these two aspects of human sexual response. The purpose of this
study was to examine empirically (1) whether sexual desire and sexual activity co-occur in dating relationships; (2) whether desire is more strongly associated than activity with passionate love; and (3) whether desire and activity have different implications for relationship maintenance.
The results revealed that sexual desire and sexual activity were moderately (but not significantly) related. In addition, and as expected, only sexual desire was related to passionate love. Sexual desire also was related to relational maintenance; the greater the desire for the partner, the
less often participants thought about ending their current relationship, thought about beginning a new relationship, reported being unfaithful to their partner, and felt attracted to others.
CHINESE AND AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF THE PURPOSES OF EDUCATION AND BELIEFS ABOUT THE WORLD OF WORK
Authors: Lau Sing , Nicholls John G. , Thorkildsen Theresa A. , Patashnick Michael
Published: May 2006

We studied and compared the views of Chinese and American high school students as to what attendance at school should achieve, and what brings success in work. The worlds of school and work were perceived by American students to be related, but not so by Chinese students. American students are more firm in the view that school should teach them to understand science, think critically, be useful to society and consider the family first. In contrast, Chinese students showed greater preference that school should teach them to face challenges, creatively sacrifice, and respect authority, and to prepare them to earn money for respect, and luxuries, and to enter high status colleges and jobs. Significant country by sex interaction effects were found, indicating that generalizations about cultural differences which ignore gender are suspect.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF BODILY POSTURE TO GENDER STEREOTYPICAL IMPRESSIONS
Authors: Vrugt Anneke , Luyerink Mara
Published: May 2006

The present study investigated the way in which the bodily posture, viz, the sitting position, of men and women contributes to gender stereotypical impressions. We expected that men would more often adopt a “wide” sitting position (legs apart and arms away from the trunk), while women would more often adopt a “closed” sitting position (upper legs against each other and arms against the trunk) and that these sitting positions would generally be seen as masculine or feminine. In the first study the sitting positions of men and women traveling on the Amsterdam Metro (underground railway) were observed. The results showed that men more often sat in a wide position, while women more often displayed a closed sitting position. In the second study, photos of men and women sitting in a wide or a closed position were judged. The results showed that a wide sitting position was considered more masculine and a closed position more feminine. We expected also that (in)consistency between gender and sitting position would have an impact on the impression gained of the stimulus person. The results lend support to this expectation.
CROSS-CULTURAL VALIDITY OF A MODEL OF SELF-WORTH: APPLICATION TO FINNISH CHILDREN
Authors: Miller Heta-Maria
Published: May 2006

This study investigated the cross-cultural validity of Harter's (1985, 1986a, 1986b, 1987b, 1987c) measures and model of self-worth in Finnish children. A total of 306 Finnish elementary school students participated in the study. Principal components analyses supported the original
factor structures of Harter's (1985, 1986a) self-report questionnaires, the Self-Perception Profile for Children and the Social Support Scale for Children. Consistent with Harter's (1986b, 1987b, 1987c) model of the determinants of self-worth, multiple regression analysis indicated
that both the competence-importance discrepancy and perceived social support explained the variability in self-worth. Implications of these findings for theory, research, and practice are discussed.
COMMITMENT TO THE ORGANIZATION IN EXCHANGE FOR SUPPORT FROM THE ORGANIZATION
Authors: Cheung Chau-Kiu
Published: May 2006

Despite the abundance of studies of organizational commitment, there is a need for explaining it with data from non-Western societies. According to exchange theory, there may be reciprocal relationships between an employee's commitment to the employing organization and support
given by the organization. To examine such an hypothesis in a non-Western society, the present study collected data from 927 employees in eight high-technology companies in Taiwan. It found that the employee's organizational commitment and perceived organizational support exhibited strong
reciprocal and positive relationships, with control for a number of background characteristics. In addition, it detected a significant positive effect of organizational support averaged for the job on the employee's organizational commitment.
ETHICAL BELIEFS AND TOLERANCE OF AMBIGUITY
Authors: Yurtsever Gülçimen
Published: May 2006

This study examined the relationship between ethical beliefs and tolerance of ambiguity. Two dimensions of ethical belief were examined: ethical relativism and idealism. Findings reported here are based on a questionnaire survey of 145 exporting and importing managers of Turkey. The results show a positive correlation between ethical relativism and tolerance of ambiguity, and a negative correlation between idealism and tolerance of ambiguity.
AN EVALUATION OF THE CHOICE DILEMMA QUESTIONNAIRE AS A MEASURE OF RISK-TAKING PROPENSITY
Authors: Kamalanabhan T.J. , Sunder D.L. , Vasanthi M.
Published: May 2006

The Choice Dilemma Questionnaire (CDQ) has been extensively used in risk taking studies due to its ease of administration and its ability to consistently produce risky shifts. However despite its wide use, it has been subject to a number of criticisms. This study attempts to see if
the CDQ score is factorially pure or if it is made up of sub- scales. Responses from two hundred and two students were factor analysed and it was found that four factors emerged. The study concludes that risk-taking is a multidimensional concept and one needs to take into account the different
types of risks if we are to use risk-taking propensity as a personality measure while studying individual differences.
SELF-REPORTED ATTACHMENT STYLE, ANXIETY, AND DEPRESSION IN CHILDREN
Authors: Muris Peter , Mayer Birgit , Meesters Cor
Published: May 2006

The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between self-reported attachment styles, on the one hand, and levels of anxiety symptoms and depression, on the other hand, in a sample of 12-year-old children (N = 91). Children completed a simplified version of
Hazan and Shaver's (1987) single-item measure of attachment style and self-report measures of anxiety and depression. Results showed that 20.9% of the children classified themselves as insecure (i.e., avoidantly or ambivalently) attached. Furthermore, it was found that insecurely
attached children had elevated levels of anxiety symptoms and depression compared to securely attached children.
PERSONALITY DISORDERS AND SOCIAL FUNCTIONING IN DEPRESSED PATIENTS
Authors: Kool S. , Dekker J. , Duijsens I. , Jonghe F. De , Jong P. De , Schouws S.
Published: May 2006

There is a high level of comorbidity of personality disorders with major depression. Patients who suffer from both depression and an axis II disorder are, in general, more severely ill and ill for longer periods. The presence of personality disorders also has a negative influence on
the social functioning of depressed patients, and it has emerged that certain demographic characteristics are present to a significant extent. This article presents the results of a study of 244 out-patients suffering from major depression. The issues addressed were: Firstly, which axis II
disorders are found in this group and are there correlations with the demographic characteristics? Secondly, is there a relationship between individual axis II disorders and the severity of the depression and social functioning? It emerges that 60% of the patients with a
Hamilton score of at least 14 have one or more axis II disorders according to the VKP self-report, and that 30% have three or more, with more than 50% in cluster C. It was found also that the schizoid and borderline personality disorders in particular are significantly linked
to several demographic characteristics. The patients here are more often single and those with a lower level of education. Using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, little significant correlation was found between the presence of an axis II disorder and the severity of the depression. A
significant difference was found using the Symptom Check List -90. In social functioning, the citizen role, the social role and the family role turn out to be correlated most significantly, as are the total number of impairments. In addition, the highest correlation is found particularly in
cluster C, and the number of axis II disorders is almost always significantly related to the individual roles. The discussion turns to the influence of the measuring instruments used and to the composition of the population, as well as the clinical relevance of the diagnosis of axis II disorders
and social functioning in patients with a major depression.
DOES PERCEPTION OF PAY EQUITY, PAY SATISFACTION, AND JOB SATISFACTION MEDIATE THE EFFECT OF POSITIVE AFFECTIVITY ON WORK MOTIVATION?
Authors: Chiu Randy
Published: May 2006

This study investigated how the effect of positive affectivity on work motivation was mediated by three attitudinal variables: perception of pay equity, pay satisfaction, and job satisfaction. The results indicated that positive affectivity had a positive effect on work motivation.
Among the three-attitudinal variables, pay satisfaction and job satisfaction were found to mediate the effect of positive affectivity on work motivation.
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN POLITICAL TOLERANCE AMONG ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Sotelo María José
Published: May 2006

In this study, political tolerance is defined as the willingness to extend human rights to different socio-political groups. We considered 12 rights based on Human Rights and the 13 sociopolitical groups most relevant to Spain. Results based on 273 Spanish adolescents suggest that rights
with a higher social component are extended more willingly than those which are more political in nature. This study also attempted to find variables related to political tolerance. Statistically, differences in political tolerance were found in terms of age, political experience, self esteem,
support for democratic norms, support for violent groups, and identification with a group of friends, a religious group or a soccer team.
PREDICTORS OF LONELINESS AMONG ADOLESCENTS FROM PORTUGUESE IMMIGRANT FAMILIES IN SWITZERLAND
Authors: Neto FéLix , Barros José
Published: May 2006

The aims of this study were to find out the degree of loneliness among Portuguese adolescents from immigrant backgrounds in Switzerland, and the factors that may predict the level of loneliness among them. Portuguese immigration to Switzerland is a recent phenomenon with relatively
high rates of immigrants. Three hypotheses were tested: loneliness scores of Portuguese adolescents living in Switzerland are not different from those of Portuguese adolescents living in Portugal; variables within each one of the three sets taken into account – socio-demographic, intercultural
contact and psychosocial adjustment – will be predictors of loneliness; and the variables of intercultural contact and psychosocial adjustment will be more predictive of loneliness than socio-demographic variables will be. The study sample consisted of 95 subjects (mean age = 16.1 years;
SD = 1.84). The mean duration of sojourn in Switzerland for the sample was 7.2 years ( SD = 4.1). They were asked to fill in a questionnaire with several measures, including socio-demographic information, ethnic language proficiency, majority language proficiency, ethnic identity,
majority identity, perceived discrimination, stressful experience, adaptation, mastery, self-esteem, symptoms outcome and loneliness. A control group involving 363 Portuguese youth was included in the study. The hypotheses were supported. There were no significant differences between Portuguese
adolescents living in Portugal and in Switzerland in terms of level of loneliness. Socio-demographic, intercultural contact and psychosocial adjustment variables accounted for 35% of the variance explained. Majority language proficiency was the most important predictor of loneliness.
Implications of the study for counsellors are suggested.
‘WHAT IS BEAUTIFUL IS LOVED’: PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS IN LOVE RELATIONSHIPS IN A REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE
Authors: Sangrador José Luis , Yela Carlos
Published: May 2006

From many theoretical standpoints (behaviorist, cognitive, socio-biological, psychodynamic, socialization) it is predictable that Physical Attractiveness of the Other person (PAO) is actually more important in the loving relationships than people usually believe. To verify the working hypotheses derived from this general one, a questionnaire was administered in individual interviews, to a representative sample (n=1949) of the Spanish population. Data about perceived physical attractiveness by the interviewee in his/her partner, and some variables relevant to loving relationships, were collected. Results indicate that PAO is the principal factor in sporadic relationships, and influences the manner of falling in love. It is also important in stable relationships. In addition, PAO is linked both to feelings and thoughts associated with love (intimacy, passion, commitment, idealization) and to satisfaction with the relationship.
THE CONSTRUCTION AND VALIDATION OF A CONSUMER ORIENTATION QUESTIONNAIRE (SCOI) DESIGNED TO MEASURE FROMM'S (1955) ‘MARKETING CHARACTER’ IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Saunders Shaun , Munro Don
Published: May 2006

An instrument (SCOI) was designed to measure Fromm's (1955) marketing character, which is based on the notion that the self may be experienced as a commodity whose value and meaning are externally determined. In study 1 (N=80 & 302), the hypothesis that the SCOI would
be positively correlated with Conformity, Authoritarianism and Anger Expression was supported, providing support for Fromm's (1955) theory that these latter three traits would be evident in those individuals defined by the marketing character. The hypotheses that the SCOI and Materialism
(Richins & Dawson, 1992), would be positively correlated with both Commercial Television Viewing and Anxiety were also supported. In study 2 (N=87), the hypotheses that the SCOI and Materialism would be positively correlated with Depression and negatively correlated with Voluntary
Simplicity were supported. The hypothesis that the SCOI would be negatively correlated with Life Satisfaction was not supported, although Materialism was significantly and negatively correlated with Life Satisfaction. In study 3 (N=80), the hypotheses that the SCOI and Materialism would
be negatively correlated with Empathy and Neuroticism were not supported, the latter result suggesting that neuroticism may not be an adequate indicator of psychological health per se. In study 4 (N=101), the hypotheses that the SCOI and Materialism would be negatively correlated with
Biophilia and Environmentalism were also supported. Further, the SCOI was able to discriminate both between Ss from Newcastle, NSW (one of two preferred test markets in Australia) and Ss from a permaculture community in south-east Queensland, Australia, and between Ss enrolled in management
and Ss enrolled in arts/science at the University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia. Hence, the SCOI generally performed as expected in tests of convergent, divergent and discriminant validity.
DEVELOPMENT OF A CHINESE VERSION OF THE ZUCKERMAN-KUHLMAN PERSONALITY QUESTIONNAIRE: RELIABILITIES AND GENDER/AGE EFFECTS
Authors: Wu Yi -Xiao , Wang Wei , Du Wu -Ying , Li Jing , Jiang Xiao-Fe n g , Wang Ye-Han
Published: May 2006

A five-factor model of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ) was tried in a Chinese speaking area. Three hundred and thirty-three healthy subjects (217 women and 116 men) with a wide range of occupations attended this study and were divided into 5 age ranges. They were
free of depression and answered with low dissimulation in ZKPQ. The principal component analysis detected 16 factors with eigenvalues larger than 1.5, the first 5 of which accounted for 21.0% of the variance. The five-factor solution analysis was, therefore, performed. The alpha internal
reliabilities of the five personality scales ranged from 0.61 to 0.81. Sixty-one out of 89 items loaded larger than, or equal to, 0.3 on target factors. Scale scores were comparable to those reported in the United States, and the intercorrelations between five personality scales were lower.
Gender and education level had little effect on the personality measures; the Impulsive Sensation Seeking declined with age only from 20 years on, in women. This study demonstrates the validity of the ZKPQ in Chinese culture.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE SOCIAL MILIEU TO CHANGING INDIVIDUAL POLITICAL ORIENTATIONS
Authors: Valle Matthew , Carlton Larry
Published: May 2006

This paper proposes a model for examining the combination of individual perceptions of politics and intentions to engage in political activities (termedpolitical orientations) under the influence of social processes in organizations. The concept of political orientation is viewed as a fluid strategy for subjective influence which is affected by elements of the organizational context, work-group interactions, and leader/member relations. Research propositions are offered concerning the impact of selected variables on the adaptation of individual political orientations within organizations, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
PREDICTORS OF ADOLESCENT RUNNING AWAY BEHAVIOR
Authors: Man A. F. de
Published: May 2006

Adolescent boys and girls (N = 246) took part in a study of societal, personal, and interpersonal correlates of running away behavior. Correlational analyses showed the behavior to be related to low self-esteem, depression, suicidal ideation, negative stress, alcohol and drug
use, truancy, and dissatisfaction with received social support. Multiple regression analysis identified suicidal ideation, alcohol use, dissatisfaction with social support, and truancy as salient predictors.
THE EFFECT OF PRESENTATION MODALITY ON JUDGMENTS OF HONESTY AND ATTRACTIVENESS
Authors: Atoum Adnan Omar , Al-Simadi Fayez A.
Published: May 2006

The present study tested the effect of stimuli presentation modality on judgments of honesty and attractiveness, and whether the judge's gender and target's nationality and gender affect such judgments. Jordanian judges watched a videotape of Jordanian and US targets and rated
their honesty and attractiveness. Results showed a significant effect for presentation modality on judgments of honesty and attractiveness. Audiovisual presentation produced higher ratings of honesty and attractiveness judgments than did audio and video presentations. Results showed also a
main effect for target nationality and gender on judgments of honesty, and a main effect for target nationality only on judgments of attractiveness. Jordanian students judged female targets to be more honest than male targets, and judged U.S. targets to be more honest and attractive than Jordanian
targets.
DISSOCIATION, COMORBIDITY OF DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS, AND CHILDHOOD ABUSE IN A COMMUNITY SAMPLE OF WOMEN WITH CURRENT AND PAST BULIMIA
Authors: Groth-Marnat Gary , Michel Naomi
Published: May 2006

Dissociation and childhood sexual abuse were examined in a community sample of current bulimics (N=47), past bulimics (N=29), and non-bulimic controls (N=37). All respondents completed questionnaires requesting information relating to bulimia, dissociation, and
incidence and severity of childhood sexual abuse. Participants scoring high on the measure of dissociation (N=21) were further assessed with a structured clinical interview to determine the proportion who would fulfill the formal criteria for a DSM-IV dissociative disorder. Results
indicated that dissociation was highest among current bulimics, and that past bulimics had lower levels of dissociation than current bulimics (although higher than non-bulimic controls). However, there was no association between level of dissociation and incidence of reported childhood sexual
abuse. In addition, the incidence of childhood sexual abuse was no higher among bulimics than among the general population – although the severity of the abuse was reported to have been higher. The severity of self-reported childhood sexual abuse was also found to be higher among current
bulimics than among past bulimics. Comorbidity of DSM-IV dissociative disorders among current bulimics was found to be 10%.
LEARNING TO WORK SAFELY WITH REFERENCE TO A SOCIAL-COGNITIVE MODEL
Authors: Cheung Chau-kiu , Chan Cheung-ming
Published: May 2006

Issues concerning the effectiveness of promotional activities for working people's occupational safety and health are the focus of the present study. Data were collected from a random sample of 668 working people in Hong Kong by the telephone survey method. The study relies on
a framework of social cognitive theory, which posits mediational roles of beliefs concerning one's self-efficacy, the collective efficacy of the promotional organization, and the efficacy of behavior for occupational safety and health. It involves a causal model incorporating exposure,
learning, efficacy beliefs, actual and intended behavior, work accident, occupation and other background characteristics, and prior scores of self-efficacy, behavior, and accident. Analysis of the causal model reveals the significant contribution of promotional activities, through the social
learning process of exposure, learning, and development of efficacy beliefs, to behavioral change. That is, the total effects of exposure and learning on behavioral outcomes and their mediators were significant. Moreover, working people in industries targeted for promotion demonstrated higher
levels of behavior and efficacy beliefs than those in non-targeted industries.
SELF-CONCEPT: THE GENERALIZABILITY OF RESEARCH ON THE SDQ, MARSH/SHAVELSON MODEL AND I/E FRAME OF REFERENCE MODEL TO UNITED ARAB EMIRATES STUDENTS
Authors: Abu-Hilal Maher M. , Bahri Tawfik M.
Published: May 2006

This study examined the structure of self-concept (SC) and the internal/external (I/E) frame of reference model for elementary (n = 276) and junior high (n = 293) students in the United Arab Emirates. The results provided support for the multifaceted interpretation
for both groups of students. However, the study provided stronger support for the hierarchical structure with junior high than with elementary students' data. Higher-order confirmatory factor analysis (HCFA) of each group revealed that the second-order factor model was the best fitting
model. The pattern of correlations indicated that SC in various areas becomes more differentiated with age. Self-concept dimensions were more distinct for junior high students than for elementary students. SDQ-I subscales were more reliable with junior high students (range: .72-.94) than with
elementary students (range: .74-.90). The study provided partial support to the propositions of the I/E frame of reference model for both groups of students. MANOVA revealed that elementary students demonstrated significantly higher mean scores than did junior high students on two of the
seven SC subscales (math and school SCs).
ASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL ALIENATION: PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE SACS-R
Authors: Daugherty Timothy K. , Linton Jeremy M.
Published: May 2006

The psychometric properties of a revision of the Social Alienation from Classmates Scale for college students was examined. A number of constructs, and related measures, have been developed to address estrangement. Consistent with prior research on other measures of estrangement, SACS-R
scores were expected to be correlated with scores on tests of depression, stress, introversion, attractiveness, and family functioning. Social Desirability was controlled through partial correlations, and a peer sociometric was also employed. Results support the reliability and validity of
SACS-R scores from a sample of college men.
COPING WITH LONELINESS IN ADOLESCENCE: A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY
Authors: Rokach Ami , Neto FéLix
Published: May 2006

The present study examined the influence of cultural background on adolescents' ability to cope with loneliness. Three hundred and six adolescents (13–18 yrs. old) from Canada and Portugal answered an 86 item questionnaire which examined thebeneficialstrategies which they used to cope with loneliness. The strategies which were examined included Acceptance and reflection, Self development and understanding, Social support network, Distancing and denial, Religion and faith and Increased activity. Results revealed that adolescents of the two cultures differed on three subscales. Gender differences between, and within, cultures were also examined.
AN EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF LINGUISTIC ABILITIES ON COMMUNICATION STRESS, MEASURED BY BLINKING AND HEART RATE, DURING A TELEPHONE SITUATION
Authors: Hirokawa Kumi , Yagi Akihiro , Miyata Yo
Published: May 2006

The purpose of the present study was to examine the differences in communication stress responses, as they were affected by levels of linguistic ability, and measured by heart rate and blinking during a telephone communication. Nine female participants were selected as representative
of the medium level of communication skills and linguistic level assessed by questionnaires. They were assigned to three conversation tasks: Japanese, English and French. The questionnaires (STAI and Iceberg Profile) were also assessed. The results showed that both blinking rate and heart
rate during the English and the Japanese tasks were higher than during the French task. Results from the questionnaires showed that the highest communication stress occurred during the conversation in English.
COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE REACTIONS WHEN FACING AN ADDITIONAL DELAY WHILE WAITING IN LINE: A MATTER OF SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS DISPOSITION
Authors: Marquis Marie , Filiatrault Pierre
Published: May 2006

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of self-consciousness disposition on the cognitive and affective reactions of consumers when facing a delay. The study used written scenarios to investigate subjects' reactions while waiting with strangers in line at
the movie theater. Results indicated that when compared with low public subjects, high public subjects had more self-related thoughts, reported more negative evaluation of the waiting experience and attributed controllability for the cause of waiting to the service provider. High public subjects
had significantly different cognitive and affective reactions from those of low public subjects when the cause of waiting was related to an intrusion occurring immediately in front of them, rather than when it was related to an inappropriate behavior of the service provider.
FAMILY ENVIRONMENT AND SELF-CONCEPT OF PALESTINIAN YOUTH LIVING IN JORDANIAN REFUGEE CAMPS
Authors: Al-Simadi Fayez , Atoum Adnan
Published: May 2006

This paper reports the findings from a study of some Palestinian youth living in Jordanian camps that are considered economically distressed social environments. Variables of interest included parental relationships, family functioning, and self-concept. Results indicate that parent/adolescent
relationships are within the normal, expected functional range although difficulties that reflect a more authoritarian parenting style are apparent. The self-concept of this population is moderate to negative. The overall quality of family life appears to be diminished, with a distinct tendency
toward more rigid and disengaged patterns of interaction. The results are discussed in reference to socio-cultural differences.
THE VALUE OF SOCIALLY EXTRINSIC VS. INTRINSIC OUTCOMES: AN EXPLORATION OF AMERICANS FROM 1974 TO 1994
Authors: Stolte John F.
Published: May 2006

Stimulated by a recent exchange theory of value (Emerson, 1987; Stolte, 1998), the research reported here used archived data from the National Opinion Research Center's General Social Survey (GSS)[1] to examine 1974–1994 trends in the value placed by Americans on
socially “extrinsic” vs. “intrinsic” outcomes of exchange. The data show an increase in the value placed on socially extrinsic outcomes (specifically income) and a decrease in the value placed on socially intrinsic outcomes (specifically those mediated by marriage,
kin contact, neighborly interaction, fraternal and church group membership). These trends raise questions about a possible imbalance in the pursuit of extrinsic over intrinsic outcomes, and possible deleterious social psychological consequences. While the present results are exploratory and
highly provisional, they strongly encourage further research aimed at answering these questions.
THE MOTIVATIONAL FOUNDATIONS AND BEHAVIORAL EXPRESSIONS OF THREE NARCISSISTIC STYLES
Authors: Sturman Ted S.
Published: May 2006

The motivational and behavioral underpinnings of three narcissistic styles were assessed. Participants completed measures of adaptive, maladaptive, and covert narcissism along with instruments assessing unconscious and conscious motives and patterns of daily behavior. Adaptive narcissism
was associated with dominance and affiliation motives, maladaptive narcissism was related to high dominance and low affiliation motivation, and covert narcissism was inversely associated with both dominance and affiliation. The notion that maladaptive and covert narcissism are two distinct
styles representing different forms of dis-affiliation is discussed.
PHYSIOLOGICAL HYPERAROUSAL AS A SPECIFIC CORRELATE OF SYMPTOMS OF ANXIETY AMONG YOUNG PSYCHIATRIC INPATIENTS
Authors: Gencoz Faruk , Gencoz Tulin , Joiner Thomas E.
Published: May 2006

Neuropsychological, cognitive, and factor-analytic models of anxiety and depression consistently view the physiological hyperarousal (PH) factor as a specific component of anxiety disorders and symptoms. In the present study, young psychiatric inpatients were assessed on self-report
measures of PH, anxiety, and depression. PH was associated with symptoms of anxiety, but not depressive symptoms, consistent with the specificity of PH to symptoms of anxiety.
PSYCHOLOGICAL ANDROGYNY AND CREATIVITY: DYNAMICS OF GENDER-ROLE AND PERSONALITY TRAIT
Authors: Norlander Torsten , Erixon Anna , Archer Trevor
Published: May 2006

The present study was performed to describe the involvement of gender-role and personality traits in a cluster of tests to ascertain individuals. creative ability. Participants were 200 students at Karlstad University. Five gender-role types, based upon masculinity/femininity scales were derived, namely the androgynic, stereotypic, retrotypic, midmost and undifferentiated types. Results indicated that the androgynic group scored higher than the other groups on creativity, creative attitude (trend), dispositional optimism and graffiti/scrawling – with the exception of the stereotypic group which scored non-significantly higher on optimism. Nor was the the androgynic group significantly different from the retrotypic group with respect to creativity – although this group scored significantly higher than did the stereotypic group. Small, or negligible, gender differences were found on the masculinity/femininity scales.
THE EFFECT OF THE GENERAL I-E LOCUS OF CONTROL CONVICTION ON REMEMBERING AND PLANNING ONE'S LIFE: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN LIFE EVENT REPORTS OF GEORGIAN RESPONDENTS
Authors: Hentschel Uwe , Sumbadze Nana , Shubladze Sophia
Published: May 2006

81 subjects from Tbilisi (Republic of Georgia; 37 men, 44 women) with an age range from 27 to 35 years were asked to report past and future life events. Taking into account I-E control convictions, the basic hypothesis was that internals and externals would differ in a number of life
event variables. Tests were performed in regard to the number of events reported, the time span covered by the reports, and evaluation of the life events. These tests supported the basic hypothesis to a great extent. An explorative data analysis technique was applied to describe individual
differences in the usage of different event categories. Most of the results could be interpreted within the existing theoretical frame of reference for I-E control convictions. Results of the explorative part of the study are useful for further hypothesis generation and cross- validation attempts.
DETECTION OF DECEPTIVE BEHAVIOR: A CROSS-CULTURAL TEST
Authors: Al-Simadi Fayez A.
Published: May 2006

This article reports a cross-cultural test for the detection of deception from behavior. Jordanians and Malaysians were videotaped while lying and telling the truth, and Jordanians and Malaysians judged the resulting tapes for deception. The experiment was conducted at Yarmouk University;
the subjects were 40 Jordanian students and 32 Malaysian students. Results show that lies can be detected across cultures from an audiovisual presentation. Ancillary results reveal cross- cultural consensus in judgments of deception from both auditory and visual cues. Discrimination between
lies and the truth was clear – and was more accurate for targets who tried to convey, rather than conceal, it.
PERSONALITY TRAITS AND QUALITY OF RELATIONSHIPS AS PREDICTORS OF FUTURE LONELINESS AMONG AMERICAN COLLEGE STUDENTS
Authors: Jackson Todd , Soderlind Adam , Weiss Karen E.
Published: May 2006

This prospective study evaluated the impact of specific personality traits and quality of close relationships on subsequent loneliness in a college student sample. One hundred and eighty students from a liberal arts university in Northern Wisconsin completed self-report measures of
shyness, optimism, social support and loneliness, and returned six weeks later to complete the same measures. Results of a hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that lower levels of optimism and social support at Tune 1 predicted increases in loneliness at Time 2. In addition,
participants who were shy and unsupported at Time 1 reported higher levels of subsequent loneliness compared to other students. Findings are discussed regarding their relevance to the identification of factors that increase risk for loneliness, and interventions that may lower this risk.
LATER ADOLESCENTS' REACTIONS TO THREE TYPES OF CHILDHOOD TEASING: RELATIONS WITH SELF-ESTEEM AND BODY IMAGE
Authors: Gleason Jamie H. , Alexander Amy M. , Somers Cheryl L.
Published: May 2006

The purposes of this study were: 1) to examine how predictive three types of childhood teasing (competency, weight, and appearance) were of later self-esteem; and 2) to examine how predictive these same three variables were of later body image. Additionally, the pattern of relations
for each gender was be explored. Each of these questions will be explored for males and females separately. The participants in this study were 89 female and 75 male undergraduates from two midwestern universities, with a mean age of 20. Results showed that more frequent teasing in childhood
was significantly predictive of lower self-esteem and poorer body image among females and males. However, the findings varied by teasing types. Certain types of teasing were found to be related to self-esteem and body image while other types of teasing were not. Different patterns emerged
for each gender. Implications of these findings and applications for professionals are discussed.
IS BOREDOM PRONENESS ASSOCIATED WITH INTROSPECTIVENESS?
Authors: Gana Kamel , Deletang Bénédicte , Metais Laurence
Published: May 2006

The relationship between boredom proneness and introspectiveness among a sample of French adults (N = 154) was investigated). The results indicated that highly boredom-prone individuals are also prone to increased introspectiveness. Also, highly self-focused personality is related
to poor external, but not internal, stimulation.
EVALUATING RESILIENCY PATTERNS USING THE ER89: A CASE STUDY FROM KUWAIT
Authors: Al-Naser Fahad , M.A. Mark
Published: May 2006

The component patterns of personality resilience within a population recently exposed to extreme stress and adversity were investigated; specifically, the self-scoring Ego Resiliency Scale (ER89) was used to identify individual qualities of ego resilience in 495 Kuwait University students.
Males and females, married and single, took the ER89 five years after Kuwait.s liberation. The question of gender differences and the quality of resilience were addressed. The ER89, a reliable self-scoring inventory of 14 items using a 4-point scale, reflects the pure resilience qualities
of respondents. Results show differences between male/female respondents and nuclear/extended family types. The scope of this study did not include the subjects' adaptation to the invasion experience, thus no symptom or exposure measures were included.
THE INTERACTION PROCESS BETWEEN TEACHER AND STUDENTS: THE LABELING OF STUDENTS ON THE BASIS OF RELATIVE CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Maas Cora J.M.
Published: May 2006

Achievements of students in primary education have been the object of study over a long period. Both individual and contextual characteristics have proved their value for the prediction of these achievements. In this paper a theoretical model of the time and attention division of the
teacher is elaborated. From this model, hypotheses are deduced about the labeling of a student as a problem student, and the possible referral of problem students to special education. Relative student characteristics are predicted to be of more importance than absolute characteristics. Hypotheses
testing is based on data about 2,340 students in the Netherlands. The hypotheses are confirmed. Labeling of problem students is based on the relative achievements and relative behavior of students, while the referral to special education also can be predicted on the basis of relative achievements.
IDENTITY CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUPS WITH HIGH AND LOW SPIRITUAL SELF-IDENTITY
Authors: Pedersen Darhl M.
Published: May 2006

This study contributed to the construct validation of a four-factor model of self-identity consisting of Spiritual, Personal/Social, Family, and Identification factors (Pedersen, 1994). Identity characteristics used in other research (Sampson, 1978) were related to the centrality of Spiritual Self-identity, the factor to which they were particularly relevant. Spiritual Self-identity is a measure of the extent to which self-identity is described by a relationship to deity and other religious constructs. 103 participants rated the identity characteristics on a 5-point scale according to their importance to their self-identity. Mean ratings of those characteristics were compared for groups scoring high and low on Spiritual Self-identity. It was found that, although the profiles of the rated importance of the identity characteristics were similar for both groups, there were some salient differences. Generally, the identity characteristics that received the highest ratings of importance to identity by both groups were rated to be significantly even more important for the high Spiritual Self-identity group.
MAKING DECISIONS ABOUT CONDOMS: WHOSE ATTITUDE IS IT ANYWAY?
Authors: Finkelstein Marcia A. , Brannick Michael T.
Published: May 2006

Policy capturing was used to assess the relative influence of one's own attitudes and those of a sexual partner on decisions about condoms. Participants read vignettes describing a romantic encounter between themselves and a hypothetical date. Each vignette contained six independent variables; three described aspects of the participant's attitudes toward condoms, and three described the corresponding attitudes of the date. For each scenario, participants judged the likelihood that they would use a condom should they have intercourse. The decision was independently affected by the attitudes of both participant and date. A second experiment showed the date's influence increasing with time constraints. The results suggest that efforts to increase condom use may require heightened awareness of the influence of the other's attitude on decision-making.
HEBREW REVISED EYSENCK PERSONALITY QUESTIONNAIRE: SHORT FORM (EPQR-S) AND ABBREVIATED FORM (EPQR-A)
Authors: Katz Yaacov J. , Francis Leslie J.
Published: May 2006

A sample of 415 female Hebrew-speaking Israeli undergraduate students completed a Hebrew translation of the items of the EPQR-A and EPQR-S. The findings support the comparability of the two instruments and the reliability of the extraversion, neuroticism and lie scales. The psychoticism
scales, however, were found to be less satisfactory.