bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D Approaches to Culturing Bovine Skin: Explant Culture versus Organotypic Skin Model
Authors: Baumbach Christina-Marie , Anantama Nadia Ayurini , Savkovic Vuk , Mülling Christoph K.W. , Schinköthe Jan , Michler Jule Kristin
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Digital dermatitis (DD) in cattle appears with high prevalence; nevertheless, the knowledge on its pathogenesis is still limited. In this context, in vitro skin models represent a valuable tool to facilitate the study of DD. Methods: Two in vitro skin models were established using bovine distal limb skin: a skin explant model and an organotypic skin model. For the skin explant model, skin samples were cultured with an air-liquid interface for up to 7 days. Besides routine histopathological examination, readout parameters were Ki-67 and cleaved Caspase-3 stainings. For the organotypic model, primary keratinocytes were layered on top of a dermal equivalent containing mainly mitotically inactive fibroblasts and maintained for up to 21 days. At regular intervals (days 7, 14, and 21), cultured skin samples were taken for (immuno)histological analysis. Results: Both cultures could be maintained for the entire duration of the intended culture period. In the histopathological assessment, explant skin cultures showed ballooning degeneration of keratinocytes and segmental necrosis starting at day 5 of culturing. Initially, basal keratinocytes in the organotypic model differentiated as demonstrated by positive Keratin 14, Desmoglein-1, Loricrin, and Involucrin immunofluorescent stainings. Ki-67 was observed occasionally and suprabasally still after 21 days of culture. Conclusion: Both in vitro models proved dependable and constitute a viable option for replacing experiments on live animals, each with its own benefits. Whereas skin explants include all cell types available in vivo and can therefore reflect realistic cell-cell interactions and signaling pathways, the organotypic model offers a higher standardization and reproducibility. Depending on the focus of future studies, both models can be used for specific experimental purposes of bovine dermatological research in general or specialized questions concerning (infectious) claw diseases as, e.g., DD.
Fever and Increased Gastrointestinal Uptake on Positron Emission Tomography after Anti-Tumour Necrosis Factor Therapy: A Case Report of Whipple’s Disease
Authors: Arzivian Arteen , Jones Brett , Joshua Fredrick , Paul Miriam , Lynch Thomas , Brown Martin , Gasiorowski Robin
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Whipple’s disease is a rare condition that can present with atypical and non-specific features requiring a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. Case Presentation: We present a case of a man in his 40s with peripheral arthritis and bilateral sacro-ileitis for 4–5 years that was treated with an anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy, which led to worsening of his symptoms, elevation of the inflammatory markers, and the development of fever, night sweats, anorexia, and a significant weight loss. The patient had no abdominal pain, diarrhoea, or other gastrointestinal symptoms. An FDG-PET scan showed increased uptake in the stomach and caecum. Endoscopic examination showed inflammatory changes in the stomach and normal mucosa of the duodenum, jejunum, terminal ileum, caecum, and colon. Histopathology was inconclusive, but the diagnosis was confirmed with Tropheryma whipplei PCR testing. He had no neurological symptoms, but cerebrospinal fluid Tropheryma whipplei PCR was positive. He was treated with intravenous ceftriaxone 2 g daily for 4 weeks, followed by trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 160/800 mg twice daily for 1 year with close monitoring and follow-up. Conclusion: This case presents an atypical and challenging presentation of Whipple’s disease and the importance of proactive testing for neurological involvement.
A Novel Validated Real-World Dataset for the Diagnosis of Multiclass Serous Effusion Cytology according to the International System and Ground-Truth Validation Data
Authors: Abd-Almoniem Esraa , Abd-Alsabour Nadia , Elsheikh Samar , Mostafa Rasha R. , Elesawy Yasmine Fathy
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The application of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in serous fluid cytology is lacking due to the deficiency in standardized publicly available datasets. Here, we develop a novel public serous effusion cytology dataset. Furthermore, we apply AI algorithms on it to test its diagnostic utility and safety in clinical practice. Methods: The work is divided into three phases. Phase 1 entails building the dataset based on the multitiered evidence-based classification system proposed by the International System (TIS) of serous fluid cytology along with ground-truth tissue diagnosis for malignancy. To ensure reliable results of future AI research on this dataset, we carefully consider all the steps of the preparation and staining from a real-world cytopathology perspective. In phase 2, we pay special consideration to the image acquisition pipeline to ensure image integrity. Then we utilize the power of transfer learning using the convolutional layers of the VGG16 deep learning model for feature extraction. Finally, in phase 3, we apply the random forest classifier on the constructed dataset. Results: The dataset comprises 3,731 images distributed among the four TIS diagnostic categories. The model achieves 74% accuracy in this multiclass classification problem. Using a one-versus-all classifier, the fallout rate for images that are misclassified as negative for malignancy despite being a higher risk diagnosis is 0.13. Most of these misclassified images (77%) belong to the atypia of undetermined significance category in concordance with real-life statistics. Conclusion: This is the first and largest publicly available serous fluid cytology dataset based on a standardized diagnostic system. It is also the first dataset to include various types of effusions and pericardial fluid specimens. In addition, it is the first dataset to include the diagnostically challenging atypical categories. AI algorithms applied on this novel dataset show reliable results that can be incorporated into actual clinical practice with minimal risk of missing a diagnosis of malignancy. This work provides a foundation for researchers to develop and test further AI algorithms for the diagnosis of serous effusions.
Crianza-regulación, crianza-emancipación: estado de la cuestión de estudios sobre crianza
Authors: Álvarez Vargas Cristina
Published: April 2024

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar cómo se ha dado la investigación en el campode la crianza en los últimos quince años en Iberoamérica (se referencian específicamenteinvestigaciones encontradas en Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica,España México y Venezuela). Se utilizan los conceptos de la teoría crítica posmodernaplanteada por Boaventura de Sousa Santos, para clasificar los estudios revisados endos grupos: crianza-regulación y crianza-emancipación. Se entiende por la primerauna mirada de la crianza como prescripción, con leyes y reglas universales; la segundaconsidera la crianza como un fenómeno cultural situado, por lo tanto, sujeto a lasparticularidades de quienes la viven. Dentro de estos dos grupos se presentan trescaracterísticas para referir las investigaciones. Finalmente, se proponen unas conclusiones,siguiendo la terminología de Santos, que permiten pensar la crianza desdeesta postura, en dos líneas complementarias: una epistemológica (en términos de laproducción de “conocimiento prudente”), y otra sociológica (en términos de transformaciónde la sociedad, a partir de dicho conocimiento, para una “vida decente”).
Estudo sôbre os gêneros Glaphyropyga e Senoprosopis com descrição de novo gênero e novas espécies
Authors: Carrera Messias
Published: April 2024

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Uma nova espécie de Aphamartania Schiner do Panamá (Diptera, Asilidae)
Authors: Papavero N.
Published: April 2024

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Notes on the genus Cordyligaster Macquart, with the description of a new species from Brazil (Diptera, Tachinidae)
Authors: Guimarães J. H.
Published: April 2024

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Miscellaneous notes on the ecology of some brasilian lizards (Sauria)
Authors: Vanzolini P. E.
Published: April 2024

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Distribution and differentiation of animals along the coast and in continental islands of the state of S. Paulo, Brasil. I. Introduction of the area and problems
Authors: Vanzolini P. E.
Published: April 2024

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Distribution and differentiation of animals along the coast and in continental islands of the state of São Paulo, Brasil. 2. Lizards of the genus Mabuya (Sauria, Scincidae)
Authors: Rebouças-Spieker Regina
Published: April 2024

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Miscelânea ornitológica. IX. Sobre a apropriação dos ninhos de Pseudoseisura cristata (Spix) por Icterus icterus jamacaii (Gmelin)
Authors: Pinto Olivério
Published: April 2024

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A functional analysis of the mating calls of the neotropical frog genera of the Leptodactylus complex (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae)
Authors: Straughan Ian R. , Heyer W. Ronald
Published: April 2024

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Typhlops brongersmianus, a new name for Typhlops brongersmai Vanzolini, 1972, preoccupied (Serpentes, Typhlopidae)
Authors: Vanzolini P. E.
Published: April 2024

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On neotropical Carabidae (Coleoptera): new species and notes
Authors: Reichardt Hans
Published: April 2024

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Notes on Zamium Pascoe and Holorusius Fairmaire, two african cerambycid genera (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)
Authors: Martins Ubirajara R.
Published: April 2024

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Lepidoblepharis in Amazonia (Sauria, Gekkonidae)
Authors: Vanzolini P. E.
Published: April 2024

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Note on neotropical Oedematocerini, with a new genus and species from Brazil (Diptera, Tachinidae)
Authors: Guimarães J. H.
Published: April 2024

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A revision of the Toxotarsinae (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Authors: Dear James P.
Published: April 2024

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Sobre uma nova espécie de Leporinus da bacia amazônica (Pisces, Anostomidae) com considerações sobre L. striatus Kner, 1859 e espécies afins
Authors: Britski Heraldo A. , Garavello Júlio C.
Published: April 2024

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Contribuição ao estudo da Tribo Aerenicini, I. Gêneros com pontos Elitrais contrastantes (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae)
Authors: Martins Ubirajara R.
Published: April 2024

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Pindamonhagaba: cidade do segundo reinado
Authors: Reale Ebe
Published: April 2024

Localizada no Vale do Paraíba, na zona fisiográfica Médio Paraíba, Pindamonhangaba dista 172 kms . de São Paulo e 230 kms . do Rio de Janeiro . Com uma altitude de 552 ms ., apresenta um clima bastante saudável, temperatura média de 20°, pluviosidade de 1.000 mm. e inverno sêco . Sua área é de 746 kms . quadrados, com uma população, em 1967, de 44.586 habitantes, sendo 25.000 na zona urbana, e 19 .500 na zona rural. Município eminentemente agrí-cola, apresenta cêrca de 990 propriedades rurais, nas quais se desenvolve a policultura (sobretudo plantações de arroz e tomate), a pecuária, com cêrca de 33.000 cabeças de gado bovino, e a extração de madeira.
Resenha de: L'administration de la Province du Rio Grande do Sul de 1829 à 1847
Authors: Matos Odilon Nogueira de
Published: April 2024

ROCHE (Jean). — L'administration de - la Province du Rio Grande do Sul de 1829 à 1847. Faculdade de Filosofia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. 1961. 294 págs.
Resenha de: História das ideias jurídicas no Brasil
Authors: Matos Odilon Nogueira de
Published: April 2024

MACHADO NETO (A. L.) . — História das idéias jurídicas no Brasil. Editôra Grijalbo e Editôra da Universidade de São Paulo. Prefácio de Miguel Reale. São Paulo. 1969. 236 pp.
Anthony Vidler (1941-2023)
Authors: Foster Hal
Published: April 2024

On October 19, 2023, we lost Anthony Violer, a longtime friend of this magazine. A brilliant historian of architecture whose deep scholarship and intellectual curiosity ranged from Ledoux to his own contemporaries, Tony was also an astute reader of art and theory, and he was always alert not only to the historical conditions of a given practice but also to its conceptual implications and political ramifications. In manifold ways Tony instructed us, inspired us, committed us, and delighted us with his theatrical imagination and subversive wit.
Von … bis, from… to: The Arc of Anthony Vidler's Architecture
Authors: Papapetros Spyros
Published: April 2024

Architectural historians often manifest a strong design impulse in their writing. This essay traces the theoretical arc traversing Anthony Vidler's individual essays and book projects as the parabolic imprint of his historiographic design. Based on unpublished manuscripts of the architectural historian's preliminary book outlines, drafts, and reading notes on authors such as Émile Zola, Sigmund Freud, and Georges Bataille, the article follows the route from Vidler's early research on utopia, Claude Nicholas Ledoux, and ideas of the French Enlightenment to his later books on “the architectural uncanny” and modern spatial psychopathologies in “warped space,” foregrounding the continuity of Vidler's “historical project” from the Enlightenment to the histories of twentieth-century architectural modernism. The article closes with an overview of Vidler's two latest book projects (currently unpublished), “Architecture After the Rain,” an autobiographically driven reevaluation of architectural modernism in Britain after World War II, and “Second Best Utopia,” a compilation of essays on “Utopics” from Plato to Fredric Jameson that argues for the abiding relevance of utopian ideas in the present.
The Impact of the Islamic Theories of Revelation on Humanist Qurʾanic Hermeneutics
Authors: Alak Alina Isac
Published: April 2024

In the present article, I illustrate the impact that the Islamic theories of revelation have on the construction of different types of Qurʾanic hermeneutics, with a special focus on what I define “humanist hermeneutics”. The article is divided in three parts. In the first part I expose the two main theoretical frameworks exploited here in order to analyze different classical and modern theories of revelation and their corresponding hermeneutics, namely Shahab Ahmed’s understanding of Revelation and my own definition of humanist hermeneutics and its main characteristics. In the second part of the article, I succinctly present some pre-modern theories of revelation, emphasizing a few examples from the large variety of philosophical Peripatetic Muslim and Ṣūfī conceptualizations that are relevant from a humanist hermeneutics perspective. Contemporary, contextualist approaches of revelation will end the article. My general focus is on the acknowledgement of the agency of the prophet Muhammad in the construction of the Qurʾanic text and its expression, and on the interaction between the formulation of the Qurʾanic text and its social context.
Ixeridium malingheense (Asteraceae), a new species from southwestern Guizhou, China
Authors: XU QIN , YANG LONG , AN MINGTAI , YU JIANGHONG , LIU FENG , LI ZHI
Published: April 2024

A new Asteraceae species, Ixeridium malingheense Z.Li & Q.Xu sp. nov., from Xingyi City, south-western Guizhou, China, is described and illustrated based on morphological and molecular analyses. Compared with the other species of the genus, the species is most similar to I. yunnanense in a small stature, linear-lanceolate stem leaves, and short phyllaries. However, it is easily distinguished from the latter by its smaller basal leaves 18–34 × 5–13 mm (vs. 10–25 × 5 mm), spatulate or long-spatulate (vs. elliptic, lanceolate, or oblanceolate), petioles ca. 30–55 mm (vs. 10 mm to absent), outer phyllaries 1-seriate (vs. 2-seriate, unequal), achenes smaller 2.0–3.0 × 0.5–1.0 mm (vs. 3.2 × 0.6 mm), and a flowering period of March to May (vs. June). Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear ITS sequence data determined the systematic position of I. malingheense in Ixeridium.
New Species of Osedax (Siboglinidae: Annelida) from New Zealand and the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: BERMAN GABRIELLA H. , HILEY AVERY S. , READ GEOFFREY B. , ROUSE GREG W.
Published: April 2024

Osedax is now known to be distributed around the world with more than 30 named and undescribed species. Here we report the discovery of four new species from two localities: Osedax bozoi n. sp. and Osedax craigmcclaini n. sp. from the Gulf of Mexico and Osedax estcourti n. sp. and Osedax traceyae n. sp. from off New Zealand. Osedax bozoi n. sp., Osedax estcourti n. sp., and Osedax traceyae n. sp. belong to Clade II within Osedax, one of the nude palp or apinnulate clades. Osedax craigmcclaini n. sp. belongs to the pinnulate palp Clade V. This study relies primarily on phylogenetic analysis, with some morphological analysis. Genetic data clearly show that the four new species are distinctive from their closest Osedax relatives. Two of the new species were found from less than 400 m depth, and incidences of shallower water Osedax in Clade II are shown here for the first time.
Three new Geogarypidae (Pseudoscorpiones: Garypoidea) from South Africa, with an updated key to the country’s geogarypid species
Authors: NEETHLING J.A.
Published: April 2024

Two new species of Afrogarypus Beier, 1931, A. haddadi sp. nov. and A. pseudotriangularis sp. nov., and a new species of Geogarypus Chamberlin, 1930, G. grandis sp. nov. are described. Afrogarypus haddadi sp. nov. is diagnosed by a reduced isb and five rami on the female galea. Afrogarypus pseudotriangularis sp. nov. is diagnosed by trichobothria eb, esb, ib, est, isb, b, sb and st grouping within the first half of the fixed finger length and ten rami on the female galea. Geogarypus grandis sp. nov. is unique from the rest of its South African conspecifics in having two additional basal setae on the cheliceral hand, pedipalps densely ornamented with distinct protuberances and a unique protuberance at the base of the movable chelal finger. An updated identification key to the Geogarypidae species of South Africa is also presented.
Two New Species of Emesis Fabricius, 1807 from Northwestern South and Central America (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae)
Authors: CALLAGHAN CURTIS JOHN , TRUJANO-ORTEGA MARYSOL , RÍOS-MÁLAVER INDIANA C.
Published: April 2024

Two new species and a subspecies, Emesis (Aphacites) hypoaithos, Callaghan, Trujano-Ortega & Ríos-Málaver, sp. nov., Emesis (Aphacites) hypoaithos ochros, Callaghan, Trujano-Ortega & Ríos-Málaver, ssp. nov., Emesis (Tenedia) pacis, Callaghan, Trujano-Ortega & Ríos-Málaver, sp. nov. are described from Northwestern South and Central America. The biology, habits, habitat, and distribution of these taxa are described from museum specimens and field observations. Male and female genitalia of the new taxa are illustrated and compared with similar taxa for proper identification.
A Review of Coffee's Quality Attributes and Potential Health Benefits
Authors: Girma Bealu
Published: April 2024

This review delves into the multifaceted world of coffee, examining its historical journey, cultural significance, and potential health effects. It explores the sensory experience, highlighting how bean origin, processing methods, and brewing techniques influence the perception of taste and aroma. The review then delves into the potential health benefits associated with coffee's bioactive compounds, particularly caffeine and antioxidants. Studies suggest moderate coffee consumption may be associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes and certain cancers, likely due to the presence of antioxidants. However, the review emphasizes individual factors like caffeine sensitivity and health status play a crucial role in determining optimal intake. It advocates for mindful brewing practices and moderation to maximize the enjoyment and potential health benefits of this globally beloved beverage. Nevertheless, the review acknowledges the need for further research to fully understand the long-term consequences of coffee consumption and its interactions with specific health conditions. In essence, this review offers a comprehensive and scientifically informed overview of coffee, encompassing its historical roots, sensory profiles, potential health advantages, and considerations for responsible consumption.
Research on the Development Strategy of Intangible Cultural Heritage Theme Study Tour for Primary and Secondary School Students in Tai'an City
Authors: Jia Huanjun
Published: April 2024

The implementation of the policy of reducing the homework burden and extracurricular training burden on students in compulsory education reflects the emphasis on cultivating comprehensive abilities of students at the national level. Study tour is a comprehensive practical education activity course that closely integrates on campus education and off campus education. Its learning, exploratory, and experiential nature is an effective way to enhance students' comprehensive quality, cultivate innovative spirit, and practical ability. In recent years, the country and various provinces and cities have regarded study tours as an important part of promoting quality education, and have successively introduced various policy measures to encourage the development of study tours. Intangible cultural heritage study tour is a cultural tourism education activity that integrates the design and development of "intangible cultural heritage" and "study tour". It can not only guide the learning and practice of primary and secondary school students, but also promote the "active" inheritance of intangible cultural heritage. This article takes Tai'an City as the research object, starting from stakeholder theory, tourism experience theory, and education related theory, and adopts literature research, questionnaire survey, and field investigation methods to study the intangible cultural heritage study tour in Tai'an City. It proposes three principles for the development of intangible cultural heritage study tour products, and proposes to build a "big publicity pattern", develop a type of "diversified curriculum", and provide a "comprehensive support" The development strategy of building a "professional team" is to design an intangible cultural heritage study tour product that combines ancient architecture and shadow puppetry, in order to explore a development model suitable for the actual study tour product in Tai'an City, and provide reference and ideas for other counties and even larger study tour markets.
The Tornado Archive: Compiling and Visualizing a Worldwide, Digitized Tornado Database
Authors: Maas Malcolm , Supinie Timothy , Berrington Andrew , Emmerson Samuel , Aidala Ava , Gavan Michael
Published: April 2024

Given inconsistencies in reporting methods and general lack of documentation, the creation of a unified tornado database across the world has been an elusive target for severe weather climatology purposes and historical interest. Previous online tornado documentation has also often been inconsistent or is now defunct. Many individual countries or continents maintain tornado information through either government-sponsored or independent organizations. The Tornado Archive was developed to create a first-of-its-kind digitized synthesis of worldwide tornado documentation, using the most complete sources of information available for regions known to be tornadically active. Spatial and temporal trends in tornado occurrence and reporting can be visualized through an interactive user interface with a variety of filtering methods and environmental reanalysis datasets, such as the fifth major global reanalysis produced by ECMWF (ERA5). The additional data introduced using Thomas Grazulis’ Significant Tornadoes may be beneficial for tornado climatology studies over the United States. The Tornado Archive is also intended to be a collaborative exercise, with clear data attribution and open avenues for augmentation, and the creation of a common data model to store the tornado information will assist in maintaining and updating the database. In this work, we document the methods necessary for creating the Tornado Archive database, provide broader climatological analysis of spatiotemporal patterns in tornado occurrence, and outline potential use cases for the data. We also highlight its key limitations and emphasize the need for further international standardization of tornado documentation.
Predicting September Arctic Sea Ice: A Multimodel Seasonal Skill Comparison
Authors: Bushuk Mitchell , Ali Sahara , Bailey David A. , Bao Qing , Batté Lauriane , Bhatt Uma S. , Blanchard-Wrigglesworth Edward , Blockley Ed , Cawley Gavin , Chi Junhwa , Counillon François , Coulombe Philippe Goulet , Cullather Richard I. , Diebold Francis X. , Dirkson Arlan , Exarchou Eleftheria , Göbel Maximilian , Gregory William , Guemas Virginie , Hamilton Lawrence , He Bian , Horvath Sean , Ionita Monica , Kay Jennifer E. , Kim Eliot , Kimura Noriaki , Kondrashov Dmitri , Labe Zachary M. , Lee WooSung , Lee Younjoo J. , Li Cuihua , Li Xuewei , Lin Yongcheng , Liu Yanyun , Maslowski Wieslaw , Massonnet François , Meier Walter N. , Merryfield William J. , Myint Hannah , Navarro Juan C. Acosta , Petty Alek , Qiao Fangli , Schröder David , Schweiger Axel , Shu Qi , Sigmond Michael , Steele Michael , Stroeve Julienne , Sun Nico , Tietsche Steffen , Tsamados Michel , Wang Keguang , Wang Jianwu , Wang Wanqiu , Wang Yiguo , Wang Yun , Williams James , Yang Qinghua , Yuan Xiaojun , Zhang Jinlun , Zhang Yongfei
Published: April 2024

This study quantifies the state of the art in the rapidly growing field of seasonal Arctic sea ice prediction. A novel multimodel dataset of retrospective seasonal predictions of September Arctic sea ice is created and analyzed, consisting of community contributions from 17 statistical models and 17 dynamical models. Prediction skill is compared over the period 2001–20 for predictions of pan-Arctic sea ice extent (SIE), regional SIE, and local sea ice concentration (SIC) initialized on 1 June, 1 July, 1 August, and 1 September. This diverse set of statistical and dynamical models can individually predict linearly detrended pan-Arctic SIE anomalies with skill, and a multimodel median prediction has correlation coefficients of 0.79, 0.86, 0.92, and 0.99 at these respective initialization times. Regional SIE predictions have similar skill to pan-Arctic predictions in the Alaskan and Siberian regions, whereas regional skill is lower in the Canadian, Atlantic, and central Arctic sectors. The skill of dynamical and statistical models is generally comparable for pan-Arctic SIE, whereas dynamical models outperform their statistical counterparts for regional and local predictions. The prediction systems are found to provide the most value added relative to basic reference forecasts in the extreme SIE years of 1996, 2007, and 2012. SIE prediction errors do not show clear trends over time, suggesting that there has been minimal change in inherent sea ice predictability over the satellite era. Overall, this study demonstrates that there are bright prospects for skillful operational predictions of September sea ice at least 3 months in advance.
Effect of Wave-Dependent Mechanisms on Storm Surge and Current Simulation during Three Extreme Weather Systems
Authors: Mo Dongxue , Hu Po , Li Jian , Hou Yijun , Li Shuiqing
Published: April 2024

The wave effect is crucial to coastal ocean dynamics, but the roles of the associated wave-dependent mechanisms, such as the wave-enhanced surface stress, wave-enhanced bottom stress, and three-dimensional wave force, are not yet fully understood. In addition, the parameterizations of each mechanism vary and need to be assessed. In this study, a coupled wave–current model based on the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere–Wave–Sediment Transport (COAWST) model system was established to identify the effect of the wave-dependent mechanism on storm surges and currents during three typical extreme weather systems, i.e., cold wave, extratropical cyclone, and typhoon systems, in a semienclosed sea. The effects of the three coupled mechanisms on the surface or bottom stress, in terms of both magnitude and direction, were investigated and quantified separately based on numerical sensitivity analysis. A total of seven parameterizations is used to evaluate these mechanisms, resulting in significant variations in the storm surge and current vectors. The similarities and differences of the wave-induced surge and wave-induced current among the various mechanisms were summarized. The change in the surface stress and bottom stress and the excessive momentum flux due to waves were found to mainly occur in shallow nearshore regions. Optimal choice of the combination of parameterization schemes was obtained through comparison with measured data. The wave-induced current in the open waters with a deep-water depth and complex terrain could generate cyclonic or anticyclonic current vorticities, the number and intensity of which always increased with the enhanced strength and rotation of the wind field increased.

Significance Statement

Waves induced by extreme weather systems can significantly modulate the storm surge and current field. Previous studies have developed different parameterizations for each physical mechanism. In this study, we aimed to separate and quantify the contribution of the wave-dependent mechanisms with typical parameterizations for storm surges and currents during three types of weather systems. The prediction of wave-induced surges in nearshore regions is critical especially during extreme weather systems and has diverse practical applications in ocean engineering. Through comparison with measured data, the best combination of parameterizations was identified, which could be helpful for regional disaster warning and management.
Ice Base Slope Effects on the Turbulent Ice Shelf–Ocean Boundary Current
Authors: Anselin J. , Holland P. R. , Jenkins A. , Taylor J. R.
Published: April 2024

Efforts to parameterize ice shelf basal melting within climate models are limited by an incomplete understanding of the influence of ice base slope on the turbulent ice shelf–ocean boundary current (ISOBC). Here, we examine the relationship between ice base slope, boundary current dynamics, and melt rate using 3D, turbulence-permitting large-eddy simulations (LESs) of an idealized ice shelf–ocean boundary current forced solely by melt-induced buoyancy. The range of simulated slopes (3%–10%) is appropriate to the grounding zone of small Antarctic ice shelves and to the flanks of relatively wide ice base channels, and the initial conditions are representative of warm-cavity ocean conditions. In line with previous studies, the simulations feature the development of an Ekman boundary layer adjacent to the ice, overlaying a broad pycnocline. The time-averaged flow within the pycnocline is in thermal wind balance, with a mean shear that is only weakly dependent on the ice base slope angle α, resulting in a mean gradient Richardson number 〈Rig〉 that decreases approximately linearly with sinα. Combining this inverse relationship with a linear approximation to the density profile, we derive formulations for the friction velocity, thermal forcing, and melt rate in terms of slope angle and total buoyancy input. This theory predicts that melt rate varies like the square root of slope, which is consistent with the LES results and differs from a previously proposed linear trend. The derived scalings provide a potential framework for incorporating slope dependence into parameterizations of mixing and melting at the base of ice shelves.

Significance Statement

The majority of Antarctica’s contribution to sea level rise can be attributed to changes in ocean-driven melting at the base of ice shelves (the floating extensions of the Antarctic ice sheet). Turbulent ocean currents and melting are strongest where the ice base is steeply sloped, but few studies have systematically examined this effect. We use an idealized ice shelf–ocean model to examine how variations in ice base slope influence ocean mixing and ice melting. We derive a formula predicting that melting varies like the square root of the ice base slope, and this scaling is supported by the simulations. These results provide a potential framework for improving the representation of ice shelf melting in climate models.
Objective Verification of the Weather Prediction Center’s Mesoscale Precipitation Discussions
Authors: Bower Erica , Erickson Michael J. , Nelson James A. , Klein Mark , Orrison Andrew
Published: April 2024

The Weather Prediction Center (WPC) issues Mesoscale Precipitation Discussions (MPDs) to highlight regions where heavy rainfall is expected to pose a threat for flash flooding. Issued as short-term guidance, the MPD consists of a graphical depiction of the threat area and a technical discussion of the forecasted meteorological and hydrological conditions conducive to heavy rainfall and the potential for a flash flood event. MPDs can be issued either during or in anticipation of an event and typically are valid for up to 6 h. This study presents an objective verification of WPC’s MPDs issued between 2016 and 2022, complete with a climatology, false alarm analysis, and contingency table-based skill scores (e.g., critical success index and fractional coverage). Regional and seasonal differences become evident when MPDs are assessed based on these groupings. MPDs improved in basic skill scores between 2016 and 2020, with a slight decline in scores for 2021 and 2022. The false alarm ratio of MPDs has decreased between 2016 and 2021. The most dramatic improvement over the period occurs in the MPDs in the winter season (December, January, and February) and along the West Coast (primarily atmospheric river events). The accuracy of MPDs in this group has quadrupled when measured by fractional coverage, and the false alarm rate is approximately one-fifth of the 2016 value. Skill during active monsoon seasons tends to decrease, partially due to the large size of MPDs issued for monsoon-related flash flooding events.
Defining Types of Leadership Within an Academic Surgery Department to Promote Change for Decreasing Rates of Burnout
Authors: Grover Amelia , Santen Sally A. , Lockeman Kelly , Burns Dana , Akuamoah-Boateng Kwame , Siner Cynthia , Miller Sarah , Sparkman Brian K. , Ellis Lisa , Nye Carla
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Successful leaders influence the group they represent. Effective surgical care is tied to its leadership climate. However, most surgical providers are not attuned to their individual strengths which if known they could leverage them within their teams. This study identifies leadership types within a department of surgery which may be used to better understand and cultivate their strengths.

Methods

In 2022, 172 providers in an academic surgery department were offered the GallupTM CliftonStrengths assessment, a proprietary instrument that maps 34 strengths across 4 domains of leadership. The assessment provides a respondent with their top 5 strengths and the domain in which they naturally “lead”.

Results

Of 172 providers, 127 (74%) completed the assessment. While providers have strengths in multiple domains, they “lead with” a specific domain. Mapped from the providers’ top 10 strengths, the most common “lead with” domain for surgical providers was Executing: the ability to implement ideas and produce results. Strategic Thinking: those who are analytical and push teams forward and Relationship Building: the ability to create strong and effective teams were followed by the least common domain. Influencing: the ability to communicate ideas and lead others. Formal leaders were significantly more likely to lead with Strategic Thinking. There were no significant differences between APPs and physicians.

Conclusion

A majority of surgical providers “lead with” the GallupTM Executing domain. Those who lead with executing skills work tirelessly to produce outcomes. Learning to leverage the strengths of our teams to create cohesion and efficiency may improve engagement and retention.
Effects of Time of Arrival on Trauma Patient Outcomes
Authors: LaRosa Samantha K. , Stone Xander A. , Fenninger Ashley A. , Harshaw Nathaniel S. , Hoffman Kathryn M. , Moore Katherine G. , Perea Lindsey L.
Published: April 2024

Background

Arriving during “off hours” to the hospital can put patients at greater risk of complications or mortality given lesser staff. Our goal was to investigate this in trauma patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) of >15. We hypothesized that the patients admitted late at night and/or during the weekend, would have worse outcomes, delays to the operating room (OR), and longer lengths of stay (LOS) compared to those who arrive on a weekday during the day.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study from 8/1/2019 to 8/1/2022 of all trauma patients with an ISS >15 at our Level 1 Trauma Center. Patients <18 years, dead on arrival, or transferred out were excluded. Univariate and multivariable analysis were performed comparing weekday vs weekend arrivals, day vs night shift arrivals, and with patients grouped as weekday day, weekday night, weekend day, and weekend night. The primary outcome was mortality.

Results

953 patients met inclusion criteria. The patients that arrived on the weekend and at night were significantly younger than their counterparts. A significantly greater percentage of Black patients arrived during night shift. Mortality, hospital LOS, and ICU LOS did not differ based on day or time of arrival.

Conclusion

Contrary to our hypothesis, our study did not find a significant difference in outcomes when evaluating based on a patient’s time of arrival. This gives credence that our mature trauma center can provide the same level of care despite the time of a severely injured patient’s time of arrival.
Reference Data Set for Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy Comprised of Validated Intrinsically Disordered Protein Models
Authors: Nagy Gabor , Hoffmann Søren Vrønning , Jones Nykola C. , Grubmüller Helmut
Published: April 2024

Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that measures the wavelength-dependent differential absorbance of circularly polarized light and is applicable to most biologically important macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. It serves to characterize the secondary structure composition of proteins, including intrinsically disordered proteins, by analyzing their recorded spectra. Several computational tools have been developed to interpret protein CD spectra. These methods have been calibrated and tested mostly on globular proteins with well-defined structures, mainly due to the lack of reliable reference structures for disordered proteins. It is therefore still largely unclear how accurately these computational methods can determine the secondary structure composition of disordered proteins. Here, we provide such a required reference data set consisting of model structural ensembles and matching CD spectra for eight intrinsically disordered proteins. Using this set of data, we have assessed the accuracy of several published CD prediction and secondary structure estimation tools, including our own CD analysis package, SESCA. Our results show that for most of the tested methods, their accuracy for disordered proteins is generally lower than for globular proteins. In contrast, SESCA, which was developed using globular reference proteins, but was designed to be applicable to disordered proteins as well, performs similarly well for both classes of proteins. The new reference data set for disordered proteins should allow for further improvement of all published methods.
Patterns of Cross-Peaks in Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectra to Probe Intermolecular Interactions Described by Two Reversible Reactions
Authors: Zeng Yi-Wei , He An-Qi , Yang Li-Min , Ozaki Yukihiro , Noda Isao , Xu Yi-Zhuang
Published: April 2024

Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy is used to investigate the intermolecular interaction between two substances dissolved in the same solutions, where the intermolecular interaction is described by two reversible reactions producing two supramolecular aggregates. The severe overlappings expected among the characteristic peaks of the original solute and aggregates make conventional one-dimensional spectra difficult to accurately reflect the physiochemical nature of the intermolecular interaction. The double asynchronous orthogonal sample design (DAOSD) approach is utilized to analyze the simulated data for proof-of-principle demonstration. The patterns of cross-peaks are much more complex compared with the intermolecular interaction described by only a single reaction. Four major groups of cross-peaks with characteristic patterns observed in the pair of DAOSD asynchronous spectra are systematically analyzed and classified. Further analysis of the spectral feature of the cross-peaks of the DAOSD asynchronous spectra is helpful to exact additional information concerning the variation of the peak position and peak width of the aggregates compared with those of the original solute. The result is important to reveal the physicochemical nature of intermolecular interaction between the solutes (e.g., changes in conformation, dynamical behavior, etc.). The pattern of cross-peaks in the corresponding 2D asynchronous spectra may become rather complex when the peak position, peak width, and peak intensity of two supramolecular aggregates change simultaneously. Further work using artificial intelligence techniques to interpret the complex cross-peaks is still being carried out.
Teacher Research for Professional Development: The Tales of Two Teachers
Authors: Pham An Huynh Van , Newton Jonathan , Macalister John
Published: April 2024

Teacher research (TR) has become popular as a transformative continuing professional development (CPD) activity for in-service teachers. In Vietnam, English as a foreign language teachers carry out TR through a top-down national scheme called ‘ Sang kien kinh nghiem’ (‘initiatives–experiences’ (I-E)) to explore and attempt to resolve classroom issues through the application of ‘innovative solutions.’ This paper reports a part of a larger study which examines I-E scheme implementation. It focuses on the narratives of two teachers who engaged with the I-E scheme. The narratives, constructed through narrative analysis from narrative frames, semi-structured interviews, and the teachers’ I-E reports, reveal the affordances and hindrances in the experience of the teachers when engaging with the I-E scheme. The paper offers insights into TR for teachers’ CPD in Vietnam and has implications for effective implementation of TR for teachers’ CPD elsewhere.
Observer-based bipartite consensus tracking of nonlinear fractional-order multi-agent systems with pull-based dynamic event-triggered mechanism
Authors: Li Xiaohe , Bai Jing , Wen Guoguang , Xia Xue
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates the observer-based bipartite consensus tracking of nonlinear fractional-order multi-agent systems (FOMASs) by employing a pull-based dynamic event-triggered mechanism (DETM). First, considering that the relevant state information of each agent is not always measurable, a class of distributed observers is considered for each agent to estimate its state information. Then, a pull-based DETM for FOMASs is proposed to avoid continuous controller updates, in which the dynamic threshold is modulated according to the preset conditions. The pull-based DETM constructed in this paper enables each agent to update the controller only based on its own trigger instants. Furthermore, an observer-based dynamic event-triggered control protocol is designed to guarantee the bipartite consensus tracking of FOMASs. Correspondingly, sufficient conditions are obtained by using graph theory and choosing suitable Lyapunov candidate functions. Moreover, the Zeno behavior is precluded. Finally, two simulation examples are presented to illustrate the theoretical results efficiently.
Unions divided? Trade union attitudes towards the European Union’s Directive on Adequate Minimum Wages
Authors: Ozols Eriks , Hristov Stefan Ivanov , Paster Thomas
Published: April 2024

In October 2022, the European Union adopted a directive on adequate minimum wages in the European Union (AMWD). This directive has sparked considerable controversy. While employers uniformly oppose the AMWD, unions are divided. In many EU countries, unions support the AMWD, while in Denmark and Sweden, they oppose it. This article aims to answer the question: Why do unions in some member states support the AMWD, while unions in other countries oppose it? Drawing on 27 semi-structured interviews with union representatives from 13 EU countries, the article presents a typology of union positions towards AMWD consisting of three types: domestically-oriented opposition, domestically-oriented support, and externally-oriented support. The article proposes an explanation for these three different types that is based on two variables: bargaining coverage, and the role of state institutions in protecting it.
Primary Health Care Interventions for Potentially Preventable Ear, Nose, and Throat Conditions in Rural and Remote Areas: A Systematic Review
Authors: O’Neill Susan , Begg Stephen , Hyett Nerida , Spelten Evelien
Published: April 2024

Background:Primary and secondary level preventive primary health care programs providing early detection and timely management of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) conditions in rural and remote regions are fundamental to preventing downstream impacts on health, social, and educational outcomes. However, the range and quality of evidence is yet to be reviewed. Objectives: The study objectives were to identify and synthesize the evidence of primary health care interventions for detection and management of ENT conditions in rural and remote areas, and evaluate the quality of the research and effectiveness of interventions. Methods: A systematic literature search of 6 databases (February 2023). The review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement, and the quality appraisal of studies was evaluated using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (initial screening questions: Are there clear research questions? Do the collected data allow to address the research questions?). Results: Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. The results describe interventions for detection and management of respiratory tract infections, otitis media, and ear disease in primary health care settings. No studies met the inclusion criteria for tonsillitis. The role of community-based programs and allied health workers in the detection and management of ENT conditions was found to be effective in rural and remote regions. Only 2 of the studies met the screening criteria for quality appraisal. Conclusions: The study findings may inform future programs and policy development to address detection and management of ENT conditions in rural and remote primary care settings, and supports the need for further research on innovative models of care targeting potentially preventable hospitalizations through primary and secondary level prevention.
The Mediating Effects of Education and Occupational Complexity Between Race and Longitudinal Change in Late Life Cognition in ACTIVE
Authors: Owens Joshua H. , Fiala Jacob , Jones Richard N. , Marsiske Michael
Published: April 2024

This study examined educational and occupational inequality as two aspects of social determinants of health that might mediate the longitudinal relationship between racialization and late life cognitive level and change. Participants were 2371 individuals racialized as Black and White from the ACTIVE study who provided occupational data. Data were analyzed from baseline and five assessments over 10-years using structural equation modeling. Black/White race served as the predictor, occupational complexity (OC) and years of education as mediators, and cognitive (memory, reasoning, and speed of processing) intercept, linear slope, and quadratic slope as the dependent variables. Black/White race showed significant indirect associations through education and OC on level of performance in cognition, linear change in reasoning and memory, and quadratic change in reasoning. Education and OC accounted for 11–16% of the association between race and cognitive level and represent modifiable social determinants of health that are associated with disparities in cognitive aging.