bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Types of behavior that provoke situations of conflict with the law
Authors: Klochko O.
Published: December 2021

The article investigates and clarifies various approaches to the classification of types of behavior that provoke situations of conflict with the law. The problematic circle is analyzed to determine the terminology, characteristics of the types and types of behavior that provoke the emergence of situations of conflict with the law, presented in the scientific developments of teachers, psychologists, lawyers, criminologists, sociologists. Consideration of various classifications of such behavior is carried out taking into account an interdisciplinary approach. The study clarified the essential characteristics of the category «minors in conflict with the law». The article defines that such a category is formed by persons aged 14 to 18 years who have committed offenses (crimes) and / or are registered in the department (sector) of juvenile justice, or are serving a sentence by a court sentence (associated with imprisonment or alternative punishment). It has been determined that the main prerequisite for the emergence of situations of conflict with the law is the formation of educational difficulties. The article analyzes various classification approaches to distinguishing between types of behavior that provoke situations of conflict with the law. These classifications are based on the following parameters: the basis of types of behavior; socio-psychological aspect; rejection of pedagogical influences; the nature of personal deformities; type of personality criminalization; situationality and repetition of illegal actions; signs of the formation of a criminal personality; determination of behavior; personality structure; orientation of behavior as affective reactions; destructiveness of the motives of behavior. It is proved that knowledge and possession of typological and specific characteristics of the behavior of minors, which provokes the emergence of situations of conflict with the law, is an important theoretical and methodological basis for organizing effective social and legal assistance and providing a high-quality complex of social services to such minors.
Features of the legal status of the temporarily occupied territories: comparative and legal aspect
Authors: Kushnir Yа.
Published: December 2021

The author of the article makes a comparative legal description of Ukrainian temporarily occupied territories’ legal status through the prism of the international experience that the Republic of Cyprus and Georgia had. Normalization of the legal status of the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine is a priority of the national legislator. However, the question is how effective this direction is. Scientific research is being held to find the answer to this question. It is carried out due to identifying common and distinctive features of the law enforcement practice of the Republic of Cyprus, as one of the longest and most successful examples of counteracting the temporary occupation. The absence of a legal definition of the status of the temporarily occupied territories of Cyprus is established within the framework of national legislation. Moreover, the demarcation line is characterized and the order of crossing the demarcation line is established. Common and distinctive features of normalization of this array of public relations are determined. In disclosing the results of this part of the study, the author establishes an approach to the definition and consolidation of the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine concerning specific values that are defined by national and international law. Further explorations of the study are conducted taking into account the practice of Georgia, a country whose practice was taken into account directly in the development of national regulators of the status of the temporarily occupied territory. In the course of the research, the author reveals the reasons why the temporarily occupied territories appeared and their consequences for Georgians. The normative basis for settling this issue is singled out, the impossibility of the order of entry / exit to/from the temporarily occupied territory, the responsibility for violating the order of crossing the demarcation line is substantiated. Particular attention is paid to the common features of the definition of the temporarily occupied territories of both states, and the distinctive features of further regulation.
Legal responsibility of a private notary
Authors: Ladina L. , Veselov M.
Published: December 2021

The legal responsibility of a notary is in its essence an important element of the legal regulation of public relations in the field of notarial activities, which is manifested in the purposeful influence of the state on the behavior of notaries through legal means. The purpose of this article is to formulate the concept and outline the characteristics of the main types of legal liability of a private notary. The legal liability of private notaries is proposed to be understood as a set of legal coercive restrictions provided by law and the suffering of subjects of private notarial activity of personal, organizational and property nature for the committed offense. At the same time, it is emphasized that the legal responsibility of a notary as a structural element of his legal status consists not only in the application of appropriate coercive measures against him for an offense (retrospective aspect), but also in his awareness of his responsibility for proper performance (prospective aspect). It is noted that the components of the system of legal liability of a private notary are its types, namely: civil (professional), criminal, administrative and disciplinary. It is emphasized that the institution of legal liability of private notaries should be considered not only as a guarantee of lawful and conscientious performance of their duties, a means of protecting the legitimate interests of the state and citizens related to the provision of notarial services, but also as a regime of private notaries. procedural relations arising from the application of coercive measures by the state to them. It is established that the legal responsibility of a private notary is complex, and provides for the imposition on him not only the actual legal responsibility, but also moral responsibility for actions before the state and society. The limits of legal liability of private notaries depend on the type of such liability. The administrative nature of the notary’s activity and his performance of actions on behalf of the state allows to draw a conclusion about the tortious nature of the notary’s liability for violation of the established procedure for performing notarial acts.
Problems of financial and legal regulation of private pension funds’ activity
Authors: Polischuk R.
Published: December 2021

The problem of lack of interest of the population to participate in the formation of pension savings is one of the key problems of private pension funds. Accounting and registration of various rights, licensing and accreditation of institutions, establishment of norms, quotas and other restrictions, control and supervision, as well as the application of material sanctions and measures of administrative coercion are state regulation of private pension provision. The National Securities and Stock Market Commission, the National Bank of Ukraine, and the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine exercise state supervision and control over the activities of non-state pension funds. The current distribution of powers to oversee the activities of private pension funds between regulators is not effective enough. State intervention in the field of private pension funds should be timely, appropriate and limited. The need to invest heavily in setting up an administrator and an asset management company significantly reduces the attractiveness of private pension provision for potential investors, and the over-regulation of the institution under review reduces the level of confidence of ordinary citizens, employers and investors. The lack of components in the management system of non-state pension funds responsible for risk management and internal audit, the purpose of which is to protect against risks and exercise internal control, respectively, is a significant shortcoming of today. Ways to solve the above problems are, in particular: the unification of state regulators of the financial market in Ukraine and the creation of a mega-regulator for the activities of NPFs; abolition of normative legal acts, which in practice have proved their ineffectiveness, in terms of regulating the activities of NPFs, with the simultaneous adoption of new legislation that would “reduce the cost” of the mechanism of creation and operation of the institution of NPFs; implementation of EU Directive 2016/2341 of 14 December 2016 into the legislation of Ukraine regarding the functions of risk management and internal audit of NPFs; introduction of legal norms prohibiting, in particular, the National Bank of Ukraine from interfering in the activities of NPFs in terms of return of their assets by insolvent banks and investment activities, on grounds not expressly provided by the Law of Ukraine “On Non-State Pension Provision” and establishing legal grounds for personal liability persons for such actions.
The building financing fund: main problems of ensuring and protection of beneficiary’s rights and interests
Authors: Spiesivtsev D.
Published: December 2021

The active usage of investment and financing mechanisms in sphere of construction of housing determines the necessity of involving the financial means of individuals and legal entities to such process and comes with risks for investors. At the same time the negative experience associated with frauds in sphere of construction of housing that caused a damage to the persons who had invested in housing within the territory of Ukraine and the intentions of lawmaker to establish the juridical mechanisms of financing of the construction that would neutralize or minimalize appropriate dangers determines the necessity to researched such juridical schemes in context of ensuring and protection of rights and interests of the participants of appropriate relationships. The author determines the advantages and disadvantages of the model of financing of construction of housing through building financing funds. It is defined that the obvious advantages of such model are: the professionalism of trustee; the usage of such ensuring and protective means for beneficiary’s (investor’s) rights and interests as hypothec, insurance of the developer’s risk of break the terms of obligations execution. The ensuring character also has the process of fixation of an investment object for beneficiary. At the same time the author states that it is difficult to justify the “encumbrance” of basic investment model by abovementioned ensuring and protective components. Even within basic investment model the beneficiary’s (investor’s) rights and interests could be ensured by hypothec of proprietary interests rights. Moreover the beneficiary (investor) can use insurance. The main advantage of the mechanism of financing of the construction through the building financing fund is the beneficiaries (investors) possibility to acquire with less organizational costs of a right of property on unfinished building in case when developer breaks his obligations. But at the same time the mechanism of financing of the construction through the fund rises the price of investment objects because of additional expenses. It is defined that despite of the provision of part three of the article 4 of the Law of Ukraine On investment Activity such provision does not neutralize a possibility to use alternative juridical schemes of the investment and financing of housing.
The Constitution of the Czechoslovak Republic of 1920: to the issues of democracy of post-war state formation
Authors: Tykhonenko A.
Published: December 2021

The article describes how the features of the First Czechoslovak Republic state formation corresponded to democratic principles; it is examined the influence of external factors and tendencies to the constitutional process; it is investigated the implementation of the fundamental principles of democracy in the norms of the Czechoslovak Constitution of 1920. It should be stressed that the foundation of Czechoslovakia was influenced by democratic values, but also it was directly influenced by the interests of the Entente Powers, especially Great Britain and France. It manifested itself in the fact that representatives of the Czechoslovak national movement sought the support of the Entente states in the process of creating an independent state of Czechs and Slovaks in territories over which the pre-war sovereignty of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was recognized. Members of the Czechoslovak national missions were negotiating with representatives of foregin politics at this period. Czechoslovak national corps were created, fought on the side of the Entente states and formed the basis of the future army of the state, whose project was actively promoted. However, total control and dependence on Entente’s strategic interests which sometimes went against the established principles of democracy was the other side of the Entente’s support for the Czechoslovak national movement. For this reason, the democratic principles of state formation violated, and this especially concerned the solution of the national question. Features of the Czechoslovak state formation were of direct importance for the constitutional process. As a result, the democratic nature of the norms that regulated the status of national minorities, the legal meaning of the concept of “the Czechoslovak people”, the authority of the President of Czechoslovakia, can be questioned. Nevertheless, the author comes to the conclusion that the Constitution consistently contained norms on human rights and freedoms, and it regulated the mechanism of legal restriction of state power. Therefore, conclusions are drawn that the constitution of the Czechoslovak Republic was democratic.
Theoretical aspects of establishment of forms and types of guilt in criminal offenses against land resources of Ukraine
Authors: Shulha A.
Published: December 2021

The article reveals the theoretical aspects of establishing the forms and types of guilt in criminal offenses against land resources of Ukraine, as well as the problems of the combined form of guilt. The work is devoted to finding an answer to the following main question – what forms of guilt are characteristic of criminal offenses against land resources of Ukraine. Taking into account the achievements of the science of criminal law and law enforcement practice, it is concluded that the forms and types of guilt depend on the construction of the objective side of the criminal offense. As the considered criminal offenses are characterized by material structure, guilt of the subject should be established both concerning socially dangerous act, and its socially dangerous consequences. In fact, the criminal offense under investigation is mainly characterized by a combined form of guilt – intent to commit a socially dangerous act (including in violation of special safety rules) and negligence of the consequences in the form of harm to life and health or the environment. This form of guilt in criminal offenses against land resources means a different combination of intellectual and volitional elements of different types and forms of guilt in one offense. It is stated that the problems associated with this form of guilt are not fully resolved today and require independent thorough research. The peculiarity of the combined form of guilt in qualified criminal offenses against land resources of Ukraine is that the attitude to qualified consequences is always careless, otherwise the responsibility must come under the articles of the Special Part of the Criminal Code, which contain rules on liability for encroachment on life, health, relations property, for the normal functioning of enterprises, institutions and organizations, including relations in the field of protection, rational use and reproduction of other objects of the natural environment, and the environment as a whole. It is stated that the main theoretical discussion revolves around terminology, i. e. the names of one phenomenon of the subjective side of a criminal offense – different mental attitudes to socially dangerous acts and their consequences in the form of intent and negligence.
Trafficking in women in the late 19th – early 20th century (on the example of Sub-Russian Ukraine)
Authors: Krugliak M.
Published: December 2021

The article considers trafficking in women in the late nineteenth – early twentieth century as a problem of international scale. The author identifies the Russian Empire and Sub-Russian Ukraine in particular as one of the world's supply centers, the so-called “living goods”, mainly to Turkey and the Americas (the USA, Argentina, Brazil). The existence of an extensive system for organizing the recruitment of girls, in particular the institute of agents engaged in the search for “white slaves” are analyzed, the examples of methods they used (from press announcements and offers of high-paying jobs to fictitious marriages with fake passports) are given, the passive role of the state in preventing human trafficking is demonstrated (the term of punishment of agents was minimal, cases were often closed in the absence of witnesses, and police received bribes from the owners of brothels). The main factors causing the spread of trafficking in women in Sub-Russian Ukraine were material. Against the background of modernization and urbanization, further development of capitalist relations, expansion of the entertainment industry, officially legalized prostitution, the institution of family and marriage is being transformed, which also affected the growth of international trafficking in women in the early twentieth century. The world community began an active fight against trafficking in women in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, holding international congresses in London and Frankfurt am Main. However, the active fight against human trafficking was hampered by imperfect legislation in most countries and sometimes by the lack of laws under which organizers of trafficking in women could be prosecuted. The active work of the Russian Society for the Protection of Women in the early twentieth century, in particular its Odessa branch, led to the development and implementation of the relevant law and the holding of the All-Russian Congress in the fight against trafficking in women.
Globalization processes in the modern city
Authors: Shkurov E. , Yenin M. , Kolomiiets T. , Laundra Kenneth
Published: December 2021

The pace of urbanization at the beginning of the XXI century is accelerating. For large cities, the processes of globalization are becoming significant. Globalization has become one of the powerful factors that determine the formation of both visual-architectural, and cultural-behavioral and economicpolitical spheres of city life. Globalization creates and sets the general trends of behavioral patterns of society, determining their frames of unified processes at the global and regional levels. Ukrainian sociological thought lacks a reception of Western discourses of the city's globalization. The article analyzes a number of theses of modern Western scholars on globalization and urbanization. The interdependence of globalization processes, communication and urbanization is revealed: along with the acceleration of communication processes, globalization, which affects urbanization, is also accelerating. The potential of globalization phenomena in transformational-urban processes is understood: socio-economic, sociopolitical, socio-cultural. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the globalization of the world economy with the simultaneous erosion of national sovereignty of modern states, fragmentation of social and class structure, value transformation in the direction of strengthening the individualistic orientation of mass consciousness, commercialization of higher education forms a new configuration where the most successful and urbanized cities become centers of technological, economic and cultural innovation. The processes of unification and interdependence, which are clearly traced at all levels of globalization practices, especially in the life of cities, are considered. The world is unifying, which causes both positive and negative receptions in social and scientific discourses. The article focuses on the sociological interpretation of the city in the context of urbanism as a way of life (Urbanism as a Way of Life): the influence of urban lifestyle on the transformation of gender roles, the potential of universal inclusion in everyday life – a big city should be tolerant and multicultural.
Determination of the judicial precedent in the system of sources of Ukrainian law
Authors: Nikolenko L.
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes and determines the place of judicial precedent in the system of sources of Ukrainian law. The relationship between judicial precedent and case law is analyzed. It was found that the precedent gives the court decision on a particular case of a normative nature, determining the legal position of the judge is mandatory when considering similar cases. It is proved that this feature distinguishes precedent from judicial practice, which is understood as a set of court decisions on specific legal issues. It is determined that the principle of unity of judicial practice is not absolute, as the Supreme Court is endowed with procedural legislation in the prescribed manner to deviate from the previously formed legal position. The establishment of any restrictions will have a negative impact on the development of procedural law and judicial practice, will exclude the possibility of progressive development of law and social relations. The activity of the Supreme Court as the highest body of the judiciary with the functions of ensuring the uniform application of legislation and ensuring the unity of judicial practice, the acts of which are of paramount importance, is analyzed. It has been proved that the introduction of the “exemplary case” and “typical case” institutes is a step towards the recognition of judicial precedent in Ukraine and the unification in the legal system of our state of features and peculiarities of both legal families, Anglo-Saxon and Romano-Germanic. The position of scholars who refer the decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine to “quasi-precedents” is supported. It is noted that European Court of Human Rights judgments are used as precedents for Ukrainian courts to apply in their own cases. It is concluded that given the positive impact of precedent on court cases, as well as in general on the regulation of public relations and overcoming gaps in the legislation, it is necessary to implement it at the legislative level as an official source of law.
Cyber security as an innovative protection in the political space of Ukraine
Authors: Zavgorodnya Yu.
Published: December 2021

The article focuses on the values of the role of cybersecurity in the modern information society. To develop an effective system of interaction in the information space, there is a need to form boundaries of protection for users. The system of protection that exists in society is aimed at resolving the contradictions that arise at the level of actual confrontation and significant influence on political processes with clearly defined subjects of political activity. For the modern world, the subjects of global governance pay serious attention to the level of security of the management system in individual countries and regions, which indicates the effectiveness or imbalance in the management system. Also, the role of such an entity at the supranational level of the management system. Therefore, the chosen topic is quite relevant for the global process of interaction and taking into account the views of individual regions. In addition, effective protection of cyberspace will help reduce the level of manipulation by political actors, which will help increase the level of political culture among politicians and the level of political awareness among ordinary citizens. The article analyzes modern scientific approaches to understanding the concept of cybersecurity and cybersecurity, provides a generalized description of these concepts, identifies modern forms of security in cyberspace, analyzes the state of cybersecurity in the Ukrainian information space and defines its status as a subject of global interaction in the information space. In the political process, an integral element of interaction is the information space, as the modern platform for public relations between policy actors has been reformatted in the latest ways, and therefore the mechanisms of influencing citizens become innovative and demonstrate uncertain response from society and possible ways of political development. events. As a result, a number of mechanisms need to be put in place to protect all cyberspace users who engage in public communication on important policy issues.
Communicative technologies in the formation of political mediariality during conflicts
Authors: Likarchuk D.
Published: December 2021

In the modern political world, information and technological principles are important, which form the media space – factors of manipulation, fake news, support for political actors. The media, in the XXI century, not only manipulate society and create confrontational moments, but also in their activities mix politics, commercial advertising, criminal aspects. The modern product of media culture is media reality, which forms new boundaries of the socio-cultural space of each state. Media reality is one of the elements of communication technologies that influence society, but also individual state institutions. Focusing on important political problems and issues in the modern world is reduced to public (mass) attention, coverage of incorrect (fake) information about the opponent – and so is the process of manipulation of citizens and the creation of conflicts in society. All this is accompanied by an imbalance of communication interaction and information noise, which leads to distortion of the information space of the state, new hybrid wars, information disputes, fake news. In Ukraine, there are difficulties in maintaining the media space in the international arena, because we have a number of open and latent conflicts. Accordingly, the media space – connections and interaction, as well as gaps and opposition between agents in the political arena. Ukraine should understand that it is necessary to develop and integrate into new communication technologies. This will give an opportunity not only to orient oneself politically and to understand the advantages and disadvantages of one or another political force, but also to form one’s own integral and effective state interest and values. The rapid process of information and communication technologies in all spheres of society has caused global transformations, opened new opportunities for the information space. A popular model of integrated political technologies in Europe is social management in a real communication network. For example, Estonia has a progressive model of e-government in Europe, which means that communication technologies and a minimized level of conflict factors function accordingly in the country.
Comparative characteristic between European and Ukrainian legal mechanisms for regulating the discharges of pollutants
Authors: Uberman V. , Vaskovets L.
Published: December 2021

The article examines and compares the structures and basic norms of legal mechanisms for controlling the discharge (CD) of polluting substances (PS) from point technogenical sources into surface waters of EU and Ukrainian legislation. To analyze the systemic construction of the European CDPS and a meaningful study of its main elements, a tool has been identified, which is the chain of spreading of restrictive (limiting) legal influence, its legislative links and regulative norms. The structure and composition of this chain of European CDPS are identified, PS flows and information links between restrictive standards are studied. It is noted that the main branches of the structure of the European CDPS are technological and environmental legal influences. The second branch is additional. It complements the first one for some priority substances and it uses to limit the discharge of PS properties of the area of the water body which adjacent to the discharge of PS, the so-called mixing zones (MZ). The place and significance of the CDPS subinstitution in the European water legislation are investigated. The peculiarities of the European regulatory standards of the CDPS are determined. The comparison of the European and Ukrainian CDPSs using the scale of features that characterize the links in the chain of limiting legal influence is fulfilled. The concordance of the features of the Ukrainian CDPS to the European one was assessed by the categories: “fully compliant”, “partially compliant”, “does not contradict”, “does not comply”, “not regulated by EU legislation”. The distribution of concordance assessments testifies to the fundamental difference between the European CDPS and the Ukrainian one. The most important differences of legal discordance are investigated. It is concluded that the main difference between the two CDPS subinstitutions is that Ukrainian regulation is based only on the economic use of the assimilative capacity of the MZ. It is emphasized that the concept of MZ for more than 60 years of its actual use has not received proper legal justification in Ukrainian law. In contrast to the Ukrainian regulation, the main influence of the European CDPS is aimed at directly limiting the sources of PS. The priority changes in the water legislation of Ukraine for the implementation of the requirements of the EU legislation on CDPS, have been proposed.
Physical model of fluid flows in spacecraft tank
Authors: Kovalev Vasyl , Kalyuzhny Volodumur , Gornostay Vadum
Published: December 2021

The results of an experimental study of liquid fuel flows in the tanks of a spacecraft during its rotation are presented. The analysis of structure and character of flows development on time is carried out, variants of graphic dependences approximation are offered. Graphical diagrams are presented, according to which it is convenient to present a three-dimensional nonlinear picture of non-stationary axisymmetric flow in a spherical reservoir, as well as methods of influencing flows with the help of internal baffles. Estimation of the obtained experimental data probability testifies to the rather high quality of the measurement results and the constructed picture of the currents in the spherical tank with internal baffles.
Application of exponential functions in weighted residuals method in structural mechanics. Part 3: infinite cylindrical shell under concentrated forces
Authors: Orynyak Igor , Bai Yulia , Hryhorenko Anastasiia
Published: December 2021

Solution for cylindrical shell under concentrated force is a fundamental problem which allow to consider many other cases of loading and geometries. Existing solutions were based on simplified assumptions, and the ranges of accuracy of them still remains unknown. The common idea is the expansion of them into Fourier series with respect to circumferential coordinate. This reduces the problem to 8th order even differential equation as to axial coordinate. Yet the finding of relevant 8 eigenfunctions and exact relation of 8 constant of integrations with boundary conditions are still beyond the possibilities of analytical treatment. In this paper we apply the decaying exponential functions in Galerkin-like version of weighted residual method to above-mentioned 8th order equation. So, we construct the sets of basic functions each to satisfy boundary conditions as well as axial and circumferential equilibrium equations. The latter gives interdependencies between the coefficients of circumferential and axial displacements with the radial ones. As to radial equilibrium, it is satisfied only approximately by minimizations of residuals. In similar way we developed technique for application of Navier like version of WRM. The results and peculiarities of WRM application are discussed in details for cos2j concentrated loading, which methodologically is the most complicated case, because it embraces the longest distance over the cylinder. The solution for it clearly exhibits two types of behaviors – long-wave and short-wave ones, the analytical technique of treatment of them was developed by first author elsewhere, and here was successfully compared. This example demonstrates the superior accuracy of two semi analytical WRM methods. It was shown that Navier method while being simpler in realization still requires much more (at least by two orders) terms than exponential functions.
Mathematical modeling of work processes in the control equipment of the hydropulse drive
Authors: Ivanchuk Yaroslav , Iskovych-Lototsky Rostislav , Sevostianov Ivan , Veselovska Natalia , Koval Kostyantyn , Belzetskyi Ruslan , Dobrovolska Kateryna , Kush Yaroslav , Volovyk Bohdan
Published: December 2021

Проблематика. Интенсификация различных технологических процессов в промышленности и строительстве требует применения перспективных технологий – вибрационное и виброударное технологическое оборудование. Эффективные режимы работы гидравлических вибрационных (ВМ) и виброударных машин (ВУМ) определяет специальная управляющая аппаратура – генераторы импульсов давления (ГИТ). Для исследования режимов работы ВМ и ВУМ при разных технологических параметрах разработана и исследована математическая модель гидроимпульсного привода (ГИП).
Цель. Целью работы является повышение эффективности работы ВМ и ВУМ посредством определения оптимальных режимов налаживания работы управляющей аппаратуры ГИП на основе разработанной математической модели.
Методика реализации. Исследование проведено с применением теории интегральных и дифференциальных уравнений; экспериментальные исследования и методы имитационного моделирования для проверки адекватности моделей, аналитических и численных алгебраических методов, решения аппарата дифференциальных уравнений с частными производными для реализации моделей изучаемых процессов и получения их числовых характеристик.
Результаты. Разработана методика автоматизированного математического моделирования рабочих процессов в управляющей аппаратуре ГИП вибрационных и ВУМ. Усовершенствованы математические модели динамики работы ГИП на базе двухкаскадных клапанов-пульсаторов, в форме пространственно-нестационарной постановки задачи и интегральных уравнений динамических характеристик подвижных элементов привода.
Выводы. Предложен современный высокоэффективный ГИП с управляющей аппаратурой на базе двухкаскадного клапана-пульсатора. Определены особенности работы ГИП для ВМ и ВУМ на основе анализа разработанной математической модели. Предложены оптимальные режимы работы ГИП для обеспечения эффективного режима работы ВМ и ВУМ.
Cavitation treatment of water-fuel mixture for internal combustion engines
Authors: Aftanaziv Ivan , Shevchuk Lily , Strogan Orissa , Strutynska Lesia
Published: December 2021

The efficiency of cavitation treatment of water-gasoline fuel mixture for power supply of automobile internal combustion engines has been experimentally investigated. It is established that cavitation treatment of this fuel mixture allows to increase the water content in it up to 15–17%, reducing the engine power by only 6–7%. This allows up to 10–15% to increase the cost of gasoline when running engines in city traffic jams and on flat and sloping sections of highways.

The description of the automobile electromagnetic vibrating cavitator developed for cavitation processing of water-gasoline fuel which not only provides fuel, economy, but also increases degree of completeness of combustion of water-gasoline fuel mix is resulted. As a result, the ecology of the environment is improving.
Window with Electrostatic Protection against Dust, Smoke, and Viruses
Authors: Pakhomov Andrii Andriiovych , Bevza Iryna Olehivna , Chadyuk Viacheslav Oleksiiovych
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the effect of dangerous aerosols on the human body. In order to purify the air from aerosols, the effect of an electric field on them is considered. The electric and dielectrophoretic forces acting on submicron particles in an inhomogeneous electric field of two parallel wires are calculated. It is shown that part of this field is identical to the field between the wire and the grounded plate electrode located in the middle between the wires. This allows using a known formula for the electric field of a two-wire line to calculate the field gradient and the effect of dielectrophoresis on neutral particles. Smoke and dust particles already carry a negative charge, and a more or less uniform electric field is enough to move them. To filter neutral water droplets infected with the virus, you need either a field with a large gradient or a corona discharge. The paper shows that the polarization of particles in an electric field causes the particles to stick together, and larger particles settle faster on the electrodes of the filter. The design of a transparent electrostatic precipitator is proposed, which can be used to protect indoor air from external smoke, dust, or viruses.
Improving the Accuracy of the Output Voltage of the Converter by Changing the Load Parameters
Authors: Zahranychnii Artur Volodymyrovych , Abakumova Olena Olehivna
Published: December 2021

In the article on the basis of the theory of invariance the increase of accuracy of work of system with the converter for nuclear magnetic logging under condition of change of parameters of loading is considered. Based on the proposed functional scheme of two-channel control, formulas are given to determine the structural relationships and internal influences on the parameters of the control system components to reduce the impact of disturbances that occur both by changing load parameters and by changing the supply voltage. To maintain the required value of the carrier voltage amplitude, it is necessary to increase the reference voltage or decrease the amplitude of the sawtooth voltage, which is equivalent to increasing the gain of the feedback circuit. In this case, if you increase the gain of the feedback circuit, you must ensure that the stability of the system is maintained. The implementation of these proposals gives a more accurate formation of the bypass probing signal. The given functional scheme provides realization of regulation and stabilization of amplitude. The paper considers various options for reducing the effect of power supply perturbation on the output parameters of the converter. By changing the period of operation of the sawtooth voltage generator, which is determined by the frequency of the voltage-controlled generator and depends on the output frequency of the inverter, which varies depending on the parameters and properties of the rock during logging, the accuracy of stabilizing the amplitude of the probe signal increases. In the proposed two-channel control system, the first channel provides regulation and stabilization of the amplitude of the output voltage in accordance with the reference voltage. The second channel provides a change in the frequency of the sawtooth voltage generator by determining the period of the voltage-controlled generator from the phase detector, which determines the deviation of the real frequency from the frequency of the reference generator. The application of the above techniques allows to build circuit implementations of the system with transducers for nuclear magnetic logging, which meet the requirements for the accuracy of the formation of the bypass probing signal.
Internet of Things Technology of Imagine Processing for Smart House
Authors: Okhmak Valeriia Mykolaivna , Krylov Artem V.
Published: December 2021

The article considers the image processing, detection of human faces and the transfer of relevant information in MATLAB software. During the rapid global process of industrialization and globalization, elements of smart homes for personal use are becoming popular in production and offices. Life and personal information security is the most important requirement and task of current and future Internet of Things solutions. Therefore, the system of recognizing objects, including people, is relevant and still one that can be qualitatively improved.
 The processing begins with a state file, which can be replaced by real-time systems, after receiving information from video — is selected in groups of points, which are the corresponding arrays of information. Arrays contains numbers which indicate whether a human face in front of the camera. The data is calibrated to avoid false detection with median distribution. As a result of involving graphic additions, the user can observe in real time where and how many faces are in front of the camera. MATLAB was chosen as the programming environment, because the program includes built-in blocks that allow you to easily combine the mathematical and applied part of the proposed solution.
As a result of modeling a complex model was obtained that is able to process the image and determine the necessary elements and objects in the image. This model can be used to track changes in position in space, any, object or objects depending on their size or physical characteristics. A feature of the proposed method is the ability to calibrate and optimize the mathematical model depending on the physical parameters of the system and the required information at the output of the system.
Evaluation of melt quality during polymer extrusion
Authors: Novodvorskyi Volodymyr , Shved Mykola , Shved Dmytro
Published: December 2021

Polymer materials are widely spread and used in all industry sectors. The operating properties of polymer products make them practically indispensable in various industries. They have acquired widespread popularity and their production volumes are predicted to grow every year. The extrusion of polymers is one of the main methods for their processing. The melt uniformity is one of the main factors that influence the quality of the products and is determined by the level of mixing, i.e., by the redistribution of additives in a dispersion medium when these additives are introduced into the main polymer. The influence of working conditions, geometry of working bodies and other parameters on the melt temperature uniformity was determined. Nowadays, there are a lot of methods for determining the melt uniformity. They can be used indirectly in or after the extrusion process and can be short or long lasting, which in fact determines the acceptability of each of the methods. To determine the melt uniformity, statistical evaluation methods, which have been verified by many experiments and are well known, are often used. The analysis showed that the mixing index is most sensitive among the criteria described.

Although statistical criteria of evaluating the melt uniformity are widespread, it is better to use parameters that allow the state of the mixture to be analyzed directly in the work process for the extrusion of polymers, to identify those that depend on the mixing process. Methods and criteria for verifying the melt quality were analyzed and potential use of their temperature uniformity for measuring and evaluating the melt quality directly in the extrusion process, to eliminate the costly sampling process, was determined.
Biochar for wastewater treatment – a Minireview**
Authors: Westholm Lena Johansson
Published: December 2021

Wastewater must be treated no matter if is reused or discharged into the environment. The cost of wastewater treatment may be rather high, though other solutions are sought. One of them is the application of filter materials. The filter materials have been used for removal of various pollutants in different kinds of wastewater and a wide range of filter materials (natural products, industrial waste products or man-made products) have been investigated. Among these filter materials, biochar has attracted increasing attention during the last decade. A large number of publications are devoted to production, properties and potential applications of biochar. They reveal that biochar is capable of removing pollutants of different kinds from wastewaters.

A number of experiments was focused on the removal of commonly found pollutants, e.g. nutrients, heavy metals, organic matters and pharmaceuticals. It was found that the origin of the feedstock and the thermochemical treatment method are tightly connected and will have an impact on the properties of the biochar. A large number of different feedstock material like wood or wood residues, garden wastes or human and animal wastes can be transformed into biochar by torrefaction and pyrolysis. Properties of biochar will depend on transformation method. Surface area, porosity, pH, surface charge, functional groups and mineral components contribute to a vast number of mechanisms that are responsible for the metal removal, e.g. electrostatic interaction between the surface of the biochar and the specific metal, the cation exchange capacity between metals and protons and the alkaline metals on the surface of the biochar, metal complexation with functional groups and precipitation of metals that form non-soluble compounds. Biochar was successfully applied in wetlands systems to increase the removal of some targeted pollutants.
Acervos provocados e possibilidades de pesquisa sobre o patrimônio histórico bibliográfico educativo no APEM
Authors: Silva Diana Rocha da , Castro Cesar Augusto , Castellanos Samuel Luis Velazquez
Published: December 2021

Esta comunicação objetiva recuperar as pesquisas realizadas NEDHEL baseadas no acervo do APEM, visando destacar os instrumentos de coleta e análise de dados elaborados ou adaptados para a recuperação e interpretação das informações sobre a instrução pública maranhense. Utilizou-se como fonte de análise os trabalhos de Santos e Reis (2018), Cabral (2013) e Menezes (2016), explorou-se o site do APEM no intuito de verificar os instrumentos de consulta ao acervo selecionaram-se três monografias de graduação e três dissertações de integrantes e ex-integrantes do Núcleo. Os procedimentos são frutos de discussões, empregos, análises, adaptações e, por fim, reemprego da técnica de coleta de dados pertinentes e registrá-las na ficha de análise, de acordo com a natureza do documento.
Distribution of Composite Numbers and Determination of Prime Numbers
Authors: Gocgen Ahmet Furkan
Published: December 2021

Integer is either a composite number or a prime number. Therefore, detecting composite numbers is important for solving prime numbers. The study of prime numbers, apart from satisfying human curiosity, can be very important. In this article, the order of composite numbers has been detected. And explained with a simple method and a simple function. And, a method has been developed in which all composite numbers and therefore prime numbers can be determined by using the specified methods, functions and formulas.