bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing Collaboration
Authors: Greenwald Howard P. , Zukoski Ann P.
Published: February 2018

This essay addresses challenges in evaluating collaboration by examining two distinct approaches to its measurement. Evaluators frequently assess collaboration on the basis of relationships, climate, and expectations (RCE), and, less often, via extent of collaboration (EC). RCE measures are based on perceptions by coalition members regarding satisfaction with the collaboration, representativeness of the surrounding community, confidence in the leadership, and related areas. EC measures reflect more direct and concrete features of coalitions, such as regularity of communication and commitment of resources. An illustrative study of programs sponsored by a private foundation and a federal agency compares these approaches, finding that RCE and EC measures reflect different underlying features of collaboration and that higher levels of collaboration are likely to be found when evaluators use RCE indicators. Substantively, the study finds large differences in extent of collaboration across areas of operation within each program and a rarity of very high levels of collaboration in most areas. Both face validity and findings from the illustrative study suggest that EC is the more essential measure of collaboration. Comparison of these measures raises issues for both evaluation and grant making.
Tribological behavior of electroless Ni–B–W coating at room and elevated temperatures
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Arkadeb , Barman Tapan Kumar , Sahoo Prasanta
Published: February 2018

Sodium borohydride reduced electroless Ni–B coatings possess high hardness, wear resistance, and low coefficient of friction. They are found to be suitable candidates for wear reduction of mechanical components. In a quest to achieve enhanced tribological behavior and high thermal stability, the present work reports the inclusion of W to Ni–B coatings. Electroless method is employed for Ni–B–W coating deposition on AISI 1040 steel specimens. Post deposition, the coatings are heat treated at 350 ℃, 400 ℃, and 450 ℃. Deposit characterization is carried out using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Inclusion of W leads to an increase in microhardness and thermal stability of Ni–B coatings. The tribological behavior of as-deposited and heat-treated Ni–B–W coatings are investigated at room and elevated temperatures (100 ℃, 300 ℃, and 500 ℃). Heat-treated coatings show lower wear rate at room temperature compared to as-deposited ones but the coefficient of friction increases. Tribological test results at elevated temperatures suggest an improvement in the wear resistance and coefficient of friction at 300 ℃ and 500 ℃ in comparison with 100 ℃. Phase transformation study post wear test indicate microstructural changes in the coating due to the in situ heat treatment at high temperature. The tribological behavior of the coatings at 100 ℃ and 300 ℃ is mainly governed by the loose wear debris and formation of debris patches, respectively. Whereas at 500 ℃, formation of protective tribo-oxide patches is also observed.
Factors associated with DSM-5 severity level ratings for autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Mazurek Micah O , Lu Frances , Macklin Eric A , Handen Benjamin L
Published: February 2018

The newest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed., DSM-5) introduced substantial changes to the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder, including new severity level ratings for social communication and restricted and repetitive behavior domains. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of these new severity ratings and to examine their relation to other measures of severity and clinical features. Participants included 248 children with autism spectrum disorder who received diagnostic evaluations at one of six Autism Treatment Network sites. Higher severity ratings in both domains were associated with younger age, lower intelligence quotient, and greater Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule–Second Edition domain-specific symptom severity. Greater restricted and repetitive behavior severity was associated with higher parent-reported stereotyped behaviors. Severity ratings were not associated with emotional or behavioral problems. The new DSM-5 severity ratings in both domains were significantly associated with behavioral observations of autism severity but not with measures of other behavioral or emotional symptoms. However, the strong associations between intelligence quotient and DSM-5 severity ratings in both domains suggest that clinicians may be including cognitive functioning in their overall determination of severity. Further research is needed to examine clinician decision-making and interpretation of these specifiers.
Vibration transmission analysis of nonlinear floating raft isolation system with magneto-rheological damper
Authors: Fang Yuanyuan , Zuo Yanyan , Xia Zhaowang
Published: February 2018

The vibration transmission characteristics of a three-degree of freedom nonlinear floating raft isolation system are studied in order to analyze the influence of magneto-rheological damper on primary resonance attenuation. A revised Bingham model verified by experiment is adopted to describe the nonlinear magneto-rheological damping force, and the dissipated energy based on the model is given which is more than general viscous damper. Then, the approximately analytic solution for primary resonance of floating raft isolation system is obtained by means of averaging method, and it is compared with numerical integration solution. Force transmissibility is proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of magneto-rheological damper. The influences of magneto-rheological damper parameters on force transmissibility are also investigated. The results show that force transmissibility decreases as the increase of viscous damping coefficient of magneto-rheological damper and zero-force velocity. The influence of control force is the same with in the first and third resonance frequency but has opposite effect in the second one. The results obtained from this work are benefit to control vibration transmission of rotating machine.
How fathers construct and perform masculinity in a liminal prison space
Authors: Bartlett Tess S , Eriksson Anna
Published: February 2018

Through a lens of identity and the self, this article analyses the views of 39 primary carer fathers incarcerated in Victoria focusing specifically on the points of intersection between fathers and their children. Using the prison visiting room and phone conversations by way of illustration it explores differing expressions of masculinity and seeks to understand the conflict of identity that exists for fathers within these liminal, in-between spaces. We aim to address a gap in research and theory by providing new insights into fathering and conflicting constructions of masculinity within the prison as seen in ‘frontstage’ and ‘backstage’ selves and by exploring how fathers perform fathering within this space. We conclude by summarising the key theoretical and practical implications of our work.
City elements propelling city brand meaning-making processes
Authors: Green Amelia , Grace Debra , Perkins Helen
Published: February 2018

City branding literature discounts the nonmarketer-controlled aspects of city brand meaning co-creation as part of everyday, sociocultural meaning-making. Engaging a fundamental gap within this theoretical oversight, the present article explores how socially constructed and, thus, inherently uncontrollable elements of the city communicate symbolic messages about the city during the course of daily urban life. Specifically, the article contributes to marketing theory by conceptualizing how (1) urban reminders, (2) the arts, and (3) residential behavior emit symbolic messages in highly interrelated ways that see these elements propel the interconnected meaning-making processes enveloping city brands. Subsequent critical discussion further demonstrates how the more holistic view of city brand meaning-making processes that we develop opens up a fresh lens to grasp more of city brand meaning co-creation, advance intellectual debates around city branding, and, ultimately, expand the frontiers of marketing theory.
Challenges, personal growth and social support among family caregivers of terminally ill cancer patients in Southern China
Authors: Tang Yong
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this study was to obtain a deeper understanding of the experiences of family caregivers of terminally ill cancer patients in Shenzhen, Southern China. This study sought to describe how being the main caregiver influences family caregivers’ daily lives. This article reports on the findings from individual interviews with 20 family caregivers of terminally ill cancer patients. The interview transcripts were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis, which revealed that caring for a cancer patient over the course of his or her illness significantly affected many aspects of family caregivers’ lives. Three major themes were identified in their experiences: (1) challenges, (2) personal growth, and (3) social support. In exploring these themes, this article offers insights into family caregivers’ experiences in Southern China, particularly among family members of terminally ill cancer patients and presents implications for future professional practice, especially oncology social work.
Anticancer Activity in Honeybee Propolis: Functional Insights to the Role of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester and Its Complex With γ-Cyclodextrin
Authors: Ishida Yoshiyuki , Gao Ran , Shah Navjot , Bhargava Priyanshu , Furune Takahiro , Kaul Sunil C. , Terao Keiji , Wadhwa Renu
Published: February 2018

Besides honey, honeybees make a sticky substance (called propolis/bee glue) by mixing saliva with poplar tree resin and other botanical sources. It is known to be rich in bioactivities of which the anticancer activity is most studied. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a key anticancer component in New Zealand propolis. We have earlier investigated the molecular mechanism of anticancer activity in CAPE and reported that it activates DNA damage signaling in cancer cells. CAPE-induced growth arrest of cells was mediated by downregulation of mortalin and activation of p53 tumor suppressor protein. When antitumor and antimetastasis activities of CAPE were examined in vitro and in vivo, we failed to find significant activities, which was contrary to our expectations. On careful examination, it was revealed that CAPE is unstable and rather gets easily degraded into caffeic acid by secreted esterases. Interestingly, when CAPE was complexed with γ-cyclodextrin (γCD) the activities were significantly enhanced. In the present study, we report that the CAPE-γCD complex with higher cytotoxicity to a wide range of cancer cells is stable in acidic milieu and therefore recommended as an anticancer amalgam. We also report a method for preparation of stable and less-pungent powder of propolis that could be conveniently used for health and therapeutic benefits.
Blaming the Moi era: Memories of bad governance among Eastlands residents in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Park Jeong Kyung
Published: February 2018

In the memories of older generations in Nairobi’s impoverished neighbourhoods, the reign of Moi, Kenya’s second president, was a depressing time of political oppression, mismanagement of resources, rising insecurity and increasing corruption. The objective of this study is to describe how the older generations remember Moi’s leadership and to elucidate the social implications of that historical memory. This article draws on oral testimony collected in Eastlands, an urban space that was once vibrant and well maintained but that deteriorated into a slum-like neighbourhood during the Moi era. ‘Bad governance’ is often considered a chief cause of backwardness and chronic poverty in Africa. African people often criticize their political elites, accusing them of incompetence, greed and oppression. The sharing of stories about ineffective and unaccountable leadership is a purposeful social action aimed at addressing people’s current concerns. Through the public remembrance of the Moi regime’s discursive and coercive control, the old-timers of Eastlands, who represent the urban poor, assert their rightful place in the post-independence nation by expressing their enduring frustration with their socio-economic marginalization under atrocious governance. This study demonstrates that remembering the Moi era is a means for them to cultivate a shared understanding of the past and to construct political legitimacy for better future leadership in the present context of increasing inequality and impoverishment.
Interpretation of chest radiographs
Authors: Barbara Ramona-Rita , Thomas Eryl A
Published: February 2018

It is vital that every junior doctor has a thorough knowledge of the fundamentals of interpreting chest radiographs. Frequently, hospital-based trainees in general practice need to make a decision regarding patient treatment on an unreported chest X-ray. This article covers the basic interpretation of chest radiographs and the most common pathologies encountered.
Real-Time Detection of Infusion Site Failures in a Closed-Loop Artificial Pancreas
Authors: Howsmon Daniel P. , Baysal Nihat , Buckingham Bruce A. , Forlenza Gregory P. , Ly Trang T. , Maahs David M. , Marcal Tatiana , Towers Lindsey , Mauritzen Eric , Deshpande Sunil , Huyett Lauren M. , Pinsker Jordan E. , Gondhalekar Ravi , Doyle Francis J. , Dassau Eyal , Hahn Juergen , Bequette B. Wayne
Published: February 2018

Background:

As evidence emerges that artificial pancreas systems improve clinical outcomes for patients with type 1 diabetes, the burden of this disease will hopefully begin to be alleviated for many patients and caregivers. However, reliance on automated insulin delivery potentially means patients will be slower to act when devices stop functioning appropriately. One such scenario involves an insulin infusion site failure, where the insulin that is recorded as delivered fails to affect the patient’s glucose as expected. Alerting patients to these events in real time would potentially reduce hyperglycemia and ketosis associated with infusion site failures.

Methods:

An infusion site failure detection algorithm was deployed in a randomized crossover study with artificial pancreas and sensor-augmented pump arms in an outpatient setting. Each arm lasted two weeks. Nineteen participants wore infusion sets for up to 7 days. Clinicians contacted patients to confirm infusion site failures detected by the algorithm and instructed on set replacement if failure was confirmed.

Results:

In real time and under zone model predictive control, the infusion site failure detection algorithm achieved a sensitivity of 88.0% (n = 25) while issuing only 0.22 false positives per day, compared with a sensitivity of 73.3% (n = 15) and 0.27 false positives per day in the SAP arm (as indicated by retrospective analysis). No association between intervention strategy and duration of infusion sets was observed ( P = .58).

Conclusions:

As patient burden is reduced by each generation of advanced diabetes technology, fault detection algorithms will help ensure that patients are alerted when they need to manually intervene.

Clinical Trial Identifier:

www.clinicaltrials.gov,NCT02773875
The in vivo tissue effect of endoscopic balloon‐based radiofrequency ablation in treating esophageal squamous cell neoplasia
Authors: Wang Wen-Lun , Chang I-Wei , Chen Chien-Chuan , Chang Chi-Yang , Tseng Cheng-Hao , Tai Chi-Ming , Lin Jaw-Town , Wang Hsiu-Po , Lee Ching-Tai
Published: February 2018

Background

Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a rapidly evolving therapeutic modality for early flat esophageal squamous cell neoplasms (ESCNs). However, the in vivo tissue effects of RFA on the esophageal wall are uncertain.

Methods

We prospectively enrolled eight patients with flat‐type early ESCNs who were treated with balloon‐based RFA. We evaluated the in vivo tissue effect on the esophagus using endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and the histology of retrieved coagulum.

Results

The mean tumor length was 6.1 cm, and six of the eight patients achieved a complete response after primary RFA. Real‐time evaluation of the tissue effect showed that the mucosa and submucosal layer were more edematous and thicker after RFA than before the procedure (mean 4.89 vs. 2.04 mm, p<.001), suggesting that the thermal effect of RFA may injure the submucosa. Histological evaluation of retrieved coagulum showed a severe cauterization (burning) effect with extensive cell necrosis; however, four cases had some residual viable neoplastic cells. Even though there were viable cells in the sloughed coagulum, half of the patients still achieved complete remission after RFA.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the thermal effect of RFA may injure the submucosal layer and enable neoplastic epithelium to slough off without “burning.”
Organizing the Next Generation: Youth Engagement with Activism Inside and Outside of Organizations
Authors: Elliott Thomas , Earl Jennifer
Published: February 2018

Social movement scholars have long considered organizations (social movement organizations [SMOs]) vital to the success of a movement. SMOs organize events, mobilize participants, and recruit new activists into the movement. In the case of youth activism, SMOs can also play a vital role in the political socialization of youth. However, a substantial line of research finds that most SMOs do a poor job of encouraging and facilitating youth engagement in offline, face-to-face contexts. With the growing use of digital media by both social movements and youth, online activism presents another avenue through which SMOs can recruit youth participation. The extent to which SMOs are doing any better at this online than offline is an open and surprisingly new question, however. Using a unique dataset, we explore the extent to which SMOs are encouraging youth participation in social movement activity online. Based on our findings, we argue that engaging with and recruiting youth into SMOs is vital for the future health of these organizations as well as the political socialization of youth, and that SMOs are not doing enough to recruit youth online, mirroring their failure offline.
Detecting Delirium in Hospitalized Elderly Patients: A Review of Practice Compliance
Authors: Turchet Cassandra , Canfield Amanda B. , Williamson David , Fan-Lun Chris , Tabbara Najla , Mantas Ioanna , Sinha Samir , Burry Lisa
Published: February 2018

Background: The Ontario Senior Friendly Hospital Strategy recognizes delirium prevention and management as a top priority and recommends implementation of delirium screening as well as management protocols. This strategy proposes that hospitals monitor 2 specific indicators: (1) rate of baseline delirium screening and (2) rate of hospital-acquired delirium. Objective: To (1) determine compliance with the Ontario Senior Friendly Hospital Strategy indicators; (2) describe the use of pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions for management of delirious patients; and (3) identify predictors of screening compliance. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients aged ≥65 years admitted to 4 different inpatient units for ≥48 hours. Data were extracted for 7 two-month time blocks chosen between September 2010 and October 2013, following the implementation of various geriatric and delirium related initiatives at the hospital. Results: A total of 786 patients met study inclusion criteria. Overall, 68.2% had baseline delirium screening (indicator 1), with screening rates increasing over time ( P < .001). Inpatient unit and year of study were both statistically significant predictors of delirium screening. Among those screened, the overall rate of hospital-acquired delirium was 17.2% (indicator 2). Early mobilization and device removal were the most common nonpharmacological interventions, while initiation of an antipsychotic and discontinuation of benzodiazepines were the most common pharmacological interventions. Conclusions: Although the rates of baseline delirium screening have significantly increased over the sampled time period, rates are still below the averages referenced in other literature. Our study suggests we need additional efforts to improve compliance with delirium screening in our institution.
Integrated molecular profiling of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: Murakami Norihiro , Okuno Yusuke , Yoshida Kenichi , Shiraishi Yuichi , Nagae Genta , Suzuki Kyogo , Narita Atsushi , Sakaguchi Hirotoshi , Kawashima Nozomu , Wang Xinan , Xu Yinyan , Chiba Kenichi , Tanaka Hiroko , Hama Asahito , Sanada Masashi , Ito Masafumi , Hirayama Masashi , Watanabe Arata , Ueno Toshihide , Kojima Seiji , Aburatani Hiroyuki , Mano Hiroyuki , Miyano Satoru , Ogawa Seishi , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Muramatsu Hideki
Published: February 2018

Key Points

Targetable ALK/ROS1 tyrosine kinase fusions were detected in JMML patients without canonical RAS pathway mutations. Genome-wide methylation analysis identified the hypermethylation profile associated with poor clinical outcome.
Biokinetics, dosimetry, and radiation risk in infants after 99mTc-MAG3 scans
Authors: Soares Machado J. , Tran-Gia J. , Schlögl S. , Buck A. K. , Lassmann M.
Published: February 2018

Background

Renal scans are among the most frequent exams performed on infants and toddlers. Due to the young age, this patient group can be classified as a high-risk group with a higher probability for developing stochastic radiation effects compared to adults. As there are only limited data on biokinetics and dosimetry in this patient group, the aim of this study was to reassess the dosimetry and the associated radiation risk for infants undergoing 99mTc-MAG3 renal scans based on a retrospective analysis of existing patient data.

Consecutive data were collected from 20 patients younger than 20 months (14 males; 6 females) with normal renal function undergoing 99mTc-MAG3 scans. To estimate the patient-specific organ activity, a retrospective calibration was performed based on a set of two 3D-printed infant kidneys filled with known activities. Both phantoms were scanned at different positions along the anteroposterior axis inside a water phantom, providing depth- and size-dependent attenuation correction factors for planar imaging. Time-activity curves were determined by drawing kidney, bladder, and whole-body regions-of-interest for each patient, and subsequently applying the calibration factor for conversion of counts to activity. Patient-specific time-integrated activity coefficients were obtained by integrating the organ-specific time-activity curves. Absorbed and effective dose coefficients for each patient were assessed with OLINDA/EXM for the provided newborn and 1-year-old model. The risk estimation was performed individually for each of the 20 patients with the NCI Radiation Risk Assessment Tool.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 7.0 ± 4.5 months, with a weight between 5 and 12 kg and a body size between 60 and 89 cm. The injected activities ranged from 12 to 24 MBq of 99mTc-MAG3. The patients’ organ-specific mean absorbed dose coefficients were 0.04 ± 0.03 mGy/MBq for the kidneys and 0.27 ± 0.24 mGy/MBq for the bladder. The mean effective dose coefficient was 0.02 ± 0.02 mSv/MBq. Based on the dosimetry results, an evaluation of the excess lifetime risk for the development of radiation-induced cancer showed that the group of newborns has a risk of 16.8 per 100,000 persons, which is about 12% higher in comparison with the 1-year-old group with 14.7 per 100,000 persons (all values are given as mean plus/minus one standard deviation except otherwise specified).

Conclusion

In this study, we retrospectively derived new data on biokinetics and dosimetry for infants with normal kidney function after undergoing renal scans with 99mTc-MAG3. In addition, we analyzed the associated age- and gender-specific excess lifetime risk due to ionizing radiation. The radiation-associated stochastic risk increases with the organ doses, taking age- and gender-specific influences into account. Overall, the lifetime radiation risk associated with the 99mTc-MAG3 scans is very low in comparison to the general population risk for developing cancer.
President's Page
Authors: Jurick Dana , Tubman Ken
Published: February 2018

Induced seismicity refers to seismicity caused by human activity. Most induced seismic events are much too small to be felt at the surface and are only detectable by specialized seismograph arrays. However, it is important to acknowledge that some instances of induced seismicity can be felt at the surface, and in those cases, it is a point of significant community concern. For the oil and gas industry, the most common cause of induced seismicity is related to the injection of fluids into the subsurface.
Poroelastic stress changes associated with primary oil production in the Los Angeles Basin, California
Authors: Hough Susan E. , Bilham Roger
Published: February 2018

While recent investigations of induced earthquakes have focused on earthquakes associated with wastewater injection and unconventional recovery methods, the potential for earthquakes to be induced by primary production has long been recognized. We use boundary element methods to quantify the predicted geometry and amplitude of stress and strain changes associated with removal of large volumes of fluids in poroelastic reservoirs, focusing on the Los Angeles Basin (LA Basin) in California. We show that significant stress perturbations (upward of 0.1 MPa), while localized, typically extended several kilometers away from production horizons by the early 1940s. By this time, production horizons in the southwestern LA Basin were 2–4 km deep; models thus predict that stress conditions would have been perturbed significantly on faults at the upper edge of the seismogenic brittle crust, typically around 6 km. Predicted stress and strain changes associated with oil fields in the southwestern LA Basin during the first half of the 20th century, combined with stress changes caused by the 1933 Long Beach earthquake, could plausibly have induced a number of moderate-to-large earthquakes between 1932 and 1944. The rate of earthquakes in the southwestern LA Basin has been significantly lower since 1945 than it was for the three decades prior to 1945. We conclude that while decreasing production and pore-pressure reduction contributed to the initial decline, the continued decline was due in part to the advent of widespread water-flooding methods that maintained subsurface reservoir pressures.
Variabilities in probabilistic seismic hazard maps for natural and induced seismicity in the central and eastern United States
Authors: Mousavi S. Mostafa , Beroza Gregory C. , Hoover Susan M.
Published: February 2018

Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) characterizes ground-motion hazard from earthquakes. Typically, the time horizon of a PSHA forecast is long, but in response to induced seismicity related to hydrocarbon development, the USGS developed one-year PSHA models. In this paper, we present a display of the variability in USGS hazard curves due to epistemic uncertainty in its informed submodel using a simple bootstrapping approach. We find that variability is highest in low-seismicity areas. On the other hand, areas of high seismic hazard, such as the New Madrid seismic zone or Oklahoma, exhibit relatively lower variability simply because of more available data and a better understanding of the seismicity. Comparing areas of high hazard, New Madrid, which has a history of large naturally occurring earthquakes, has lower forecast variability than Oklahoma, where the hazard is driven mainly by suspected induced earthquakes since 2009. Overall, the mean hazard obtained from bootstrapping is close to the published model, and variability increased in the 2017 one-year model relative to the 2016 model. Comparing the relative variations caused by individual logic-tree branches, we find that the highest hazard variation (as measured by the 95% confidence interval of bootstrapping samples) in the final model is associated with different ground-motion models and maximum magnitudes used in the logic tree, while the variability due to the smoothing distance is minimal. It should be pointed out that this study is not looking at the uncertainty in the hazard in general, but only as it is represented in the USGS one-year models.
Injection-induced seismicity: The end of the beginning?
Authors: Maxwell Shawn
Published: February 2018

After the first major allied victory of World War II, Sir Winston Churchill famously proclaimed, “Now this is not the end. It is not even the beginning of the end. But it is, perhaps, the end of the beginning.” Following the keynote speaker's remarks, several participants at the Injection Induced Seismicity Workshop held 6–8 November 2017 in Dallas, Texas, repeated “the end of the beginning” to describe the current situation with management of injection-induced seismicity. The event was the fourth session in a topical series of workshops hosted by SEG and the Society of Petroleum Engineers (supported by the American Rock Mechanics Association and the Seismological Society of America) that has evolved into a unique and dynamic forum fostering dialogue between industry, researchers, and regulators. The workshop series provides state-of-the-art presentations from technical leaders and thereby milestones documenting the evolution of this important issue.
Reviews
Authors: Taylor Patrick , Danek Tomasz , Bartel David
Published: February 2018

On Foundations of Seismology, by James R. Brown and M. A. Slawinski, ISBN 978-981-4329-49-1, 2017, World Scientific, 184 p., US$88 (print), US$70 (eBook) Waves and Rays in Elastic Continua, edited by Michael A. Slawinski, ISBN 978-981-4641-75-3, 2015, World Scientific, 656 p., US$138 (print) Geological Storage of CO2 in Deep Saline Formations, by A. Niemi, J. Bear, and J. Bensabat, ISBN 978-94-024-0944-9, 2017, Springer, 554 p., US$209 (print), US$159 (eBook)
Mental healthcare in Saint Lucia
Authors: Francis Karen A. , Molodynski Andrew , Emmanuel Giselle
Published: February 2018

St Lucia is a small island in the eastern Caribbean with a population of approximately 200 000 people. Although St Lucia is formally ranked as a high middle-income country, there are pockets of deprivation and relatively low living standards. Mental health services in St Lucia have increased considerably and advanced over recent years because of a coalition between the government of the island and South East Asian partners. The National Mental Wellness Centre opened several years ago and has much improved facilities. There remains a significant shortage of community-based services, no mental health law, and a pervasive community stigma and apprehension regarding those with mental health problems.
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II and Programmed Death Ligand 1 Expression Predict Outcome After Programmed Death 1 Blockade in Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Roemer Margaretha G.M. , Redd Robert A. , Cader Fathima Zumla , Pak Christine J. , Abdelrahman Sara , Ouyang Jing , Sasse Stephanie , Younes Anas , Fanale Michelle , Santoro Armando , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Timmerman John , Collins Graham P. , Ramchandren Radhakrishnan , Cohen Jonathon B. , De Boer Jan Paul , Kuruvilla John , Savage Kerry J. , Trneny Marek , Ansell Stephen , Kato Kazunobu , Farsaci Benedetto , Sumbul Anne , Armand Philippe , Neuberg Donna S. , Pinkus Geraldine S. , Ligon Azra H. , Rodig Scott J. , Shipp Margaret A.
Published: February 2018

Purpose

Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells evade antitumor immunity by multiple means, including gains of 9p24.1/ CD274(PD-L1)/ PDCD1LG2(PD-L2) and perturbed antigen presentation. Programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor blockade is active in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) despite reported deficiencies of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression on HRS cells. Herein, we assess bases of sensitivity to PD-1 blockade in patients with relapsed/refractory cHL who were treated with nivolumab (anti–PD-1) in the CheckMate 205 trial.

Methods

HRS cells from archival tumor biopsies were evaluated for 9p24.1 alterations by fluorescence in situ hybridization and for expression of PD ligand 1 (PD-L1) and the antigen presentation pathway components—β2-microglobulin, MHC class I, and MHC class II—by immunohistochemistry. These parameters were correlated with clinical responses and progression-free survival (PFS) after PD-1 blockade.

Results

Patients with higher-level 9p24.1 copy gain and increased PD-L1 expression on HRS cells had superior PFS. HRS cell expression of β2-microglobulin/MHC class I was not predictive for complete remission or PFS after nivolumab therapy. In contrast, HRS cell expression of MHC class II was predictive for complete remission. In patients with a > 12-month interval between myeloablative autologous stem-cell transplantation and nivolumab therapy, HRS cell expression of MHC class II was associated with prolonged PFS.

Conclusion

Genetically driven PD-L1 expression and MHC class II positivity on HRS cells are potential predictors of favorable outcome after PD-1 blockade. In cHL, clinical responses to nivolumab were not dependent on HRS cell expression of MHC class I.
GnRH Receptor Expression and Reproductive Function Depend on JUN in GnRH Receptor‒Expressing Cells
Authors: Jonak Carrie R , Lainez Nancy M , Boehm Ulrich , Coss Djurdjica
Published: February 2018

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus regulates synthesis and secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary gonadotropes. LH and FSH are heterodimers composed of a common α-subunit and unique β-subunits, which provide biological specificity and are limiting components of mature hormone synthesis. Gonadotrope cells respond to GnRH via specific expression of the GnRH receptor (Gnrhr). GnRH induces the expression of gonadotropin genes and of the Gnrhr by activation of specific transcription factors. The JUN (c-Jun) transcription factor binds to AP-1 sites in the promoters of target genes and mediates induction of the FSHβ gene and of the Gnrhr in gonadotrope-derived cell lines. To analyze the role of JUN in reproductive function in vivo, we generated a mouse model that lacks JUN specifically in GnRH receptor‒expressing cells (conditional JUN knockout; JUN-cKO). JUN-cKO mice displayed profound reproductive anomalies such as reduced LH levels resulting in lower gonadal steroid levels, longer estrous cycles in females, and diminished sperm numbers in males. Unexpectedly, FSH levels were unchanged in these animals, whereas Gnrhr expression in the pituitary was reduced. Steroidogenic enzyme expression was reduced in the gonads of JUN-cKO mice, likely as a consequence of reduced LH levels. GnRH receptor‒driven Cre activity was detected in the hypothalamus but not in the GnRH neuron. Female, but not male, JUN-cKO mice exhibited reduced GnRH expression. Taken together, our results demonstrate that GnRH receptor‒expression levels depend on JUN and are critical for reproductive function.
The histone deacetylase HDAC1 positively regulates Notch signaling duringDrosophilawing development
Authors: Wang Zehua , Lyu Jialan , Wang Fang , Miao Chen , Nan Zi , Zhang Jiayu , Xi Yongmei , Zhou Qi , Yang Xiaohang , Ge Wanzhong
Published: February 2018

The Notch signaling pathway is highly conserved across different animal species and plays crucial roles in development and physiology. Regulation of Notch signaling occurs at multiple levels in different tissues and cell types. Here, we show that the histone deacetylase HDAC1 acts as a positive regulator of Notch signaling during Drosophila wing development. Depletion of HDAC1 causes wing notches on the margin of adult wing. Consistently, the expression of Notch target genes is reduced in the absence of HDAC1 during wing margin formation. We further provide evidence that HDAC1 acts upstream of Notch activation. Mechanistically, we show that HDAC1 regulates Notch protein levels by promoting Notch transcription. Consistent with this, the HDAC1 associated transcriptional co-repressor Atrophin (Atro) is also required for transcriptional activation of Notch in the wing disc. In summary, our results demonstrate that HDAC1 positively regulates Notch signaling and reveal a previously unidentified function of HDAC1 in Notch signaling.
Self-Assembly of Discrete Organic Nanotubes
Authors: Shimizu Toshimi
Published: February 2018

Not only amphiphiles but also non-amphiphilic or π–conjugated molecules, if rationally designed, have been found to self-assemble in liquid media to form discrete tubular architectures with well-defined dimensions. This review covers most of the molecular building blocks that spontaneously produce organic nanotubes (ONTs) through self-assembly. Starting with the comparison of synthetic procedures and physical properties between the ONTs and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), the author discusses the classification of formation mechanism for the self-assembled ONTs. Then, membrane- or sheet-based, nanoring- or nanotoroid-based, stacking-based, and supramolecular stacking-based pathways of the self-assembly are described in relation to the presence or absence of intermediate structures. Concerning the membrane- or sheet-based mechanism, the molecular design and functionalities of each building block, and the dimensions of obtained ONTs are discussed in terms of the self-assembling features of amino acids, bile acids, carbohydrates, nucleotides, photoresponsive amphiphiles, functional dyes, fused aromatics, carbon allotropes, heterocycles, peptide derivatives, and other related molecules. Naphthalenediimide, porphyrins, and azobenzene amphiphiles are introduced to feature the ONT formation mediated by nanoring or nanotoroid structures. Cyclic peptides, polymer cyclic peptides, and peptide helices are then described as building blocks that result in the stacking-based self-assembly of the ONTs. Trimesic acids, pyrimido pyrimidine, ferrocene aromatics, and bent-shaped or cyclic aromatic amphiphiles are also discussed from the viewpoint of supramolecular stacking into the ONTs. Finally, currently important but critical issues for further development of the ONTs toward practical applications are described.
PDMS-Based Microfluidic Device for Infrared-Transmission Spectro-Electrochemistry
Authors: Suea-Ngam Akkapol , Srisa-Art Monpichar , Furutani Yuji
Published: February 2018

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a well-known material used in making microfluidic devices through soft lithography. PDMS strongly absorbs infrared (IR) light in the mid infrared region, which can be alleviated by using thin-film PDMS devices. However, IR detection with PDMS devices usually requires an IR-transparent backbone material. Here, we report a microfluidic system using a 160 µm PDMS thin-film device (50-µm path length) without a supporting backbone for IR spectroelectrochemistry (IR-SEC). The PDMS device is assembled with four layers: microchannel-supporting window, microchannel thin film, electrode-embedded thin film, and electrode-supporting window. In this work, mapping of ferrocyanide oxidation was investigated under an IR microscope. An electrochemical reaction, occurring between the working and counter electrodes, was observed clearly. Moreover, the electron-transfer process of ferrocyanide oxidation was investigated from the IR absorbance spectrum. This mapping study demonstrates that the relationship between the electrochemical reactants and products partly agree well with the Nernst equation. Accordingly, PDMS thin-film devices have the capability for studying electrochemical reactions by using IR-SEC measurements with low sample consumption.
The Consequences of Health Care Privatization: Evidence from Medicare Advantage Exits
Authors: Duggan Mark , Gruber Jonathan , Vabson Boris
Published: February 2018

There is considerable controversy over the use of private insurers to deliver public health insurance benefits. We investigate the consequences of patients enrolling in Medicare Advantage (MA), privately managed care organizations that compete with the traditional fee-for-service Medicare program. We use exogenous shocks to MA enrollment arising from plan exits from New York counties in the early 2000s and utilize unique data that links hospital inpatient utilization to Medicare enrollment records. We find that individuals who were forced out of MA plans due to plan exit saw very large increases in hospital utilization. These increases appear to arise through plans both limiting access to nearby hospitals and reducing elective admissions, yet they are not associated with any measurable reduction in hospital quality or patient mortality. (JEL G22, I11, I12, I13, I18)
Παρατηρήσεις στις τοιχογραφίες του καθολικού της μονής της Κοιμήσεως της Θεοτόκου στο Τορνίκι Γρεβενών (1481/82)
Authors: ΤΣΙΓΑΡΙΔΑΣ (Ethymios N. Tsigaridas) Ευθύμιος Ν.
Published: February 2018

Στην μελέτη αυτή δημοσιεύονται οι παλαιότερες τοιχογραφίες του καθολικού της μονής της Κοιμήσεως της Θεοτόκου στο Τορνίκι Γρεβενών. Οι τοιχογραφίες, οιοποίες χρονολογούνται στο 1481/82, παρουσιάζουν κοινά χαρακτηριστικά με την ζωγραφική έργων της «σχολής » Καστοριάς του τελευταίου τετάρτου του 15ου αιώνα.
The sinaitic icon of the Heavenly Ladder and Saint Anthony archbishop
Authors: MACHAIRAS (Χαράλαμπος ΜΑΧΑΙΡΑΣ) Charalampos
Published: February 2018

Στην εικόνα της Ουρανοδρόμου Κλίμακος, που χρονολογείται στα τέλη του 12ου αιώνα και σήμερα βρίσκεται στην Ιερά Μονή του Θεοβαδίστου Όρους Σινά,απεικονίζονται δύο άγιοι να ανέρχονται τα σκαλοπάτια της Κλίμακας. Επιγραφές αναφέρουν ότι πρόκειται για τον άγιο Ιωάννη της Κλίμακος και τον άγιο Αντώνιο αρχιεπίσκοπο. Ο τελευταίος ταυτίζεται με τον πατριάρχη της Κωνσταντινούπολης άγιο Αντώνιο Β΄ (893-901), ο οποίος ίδρυσε τη μονή του Καυλέα στην Κωνσταντινούπολη.
Λύχνοι πρωτοβυζαντινής περιόδου από την Πάτρα. Εισαγωγές και στοιχεία τοπικής παραγωγής
Authors: ΒΑΣΙΛΑΚΗΣ (Nikolaos VASILAKIS) Νικόλαος , ΘΕΟΔΩΡΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ (Maria THEODOROPOULOU) Μαρία
Published: February 2018

Από σωστικές ανασκαφές στον πολεοδομικό ιστό της Πάτρας προέρχονται λύχνοι της πρωτοβυζαντινής περιόδου, που με βάση την τυπολογία και το θεματολόγιοτου διακόσμου εντάσσονται σε δύο γενικές κατηγορίες: αττικού και βορειοαφρικανικού τύπου. Οι λύχνοι αυτοί αποτελούν τόσο προϊόντα εισαγωγής από εργαστήρια κεραμικής της Κορίνθου, ως επακόλουθο των στενών εμπορικών σχέσεων με την πρωτεύουσα της επαρχίας Αχαΐας, όσο και προϊόντα πιθανότατατοπικών εργαστηρίων. Τα δείγματα που δύνανται να προσγραφούν στην τοπική παραγωγή, σε συνδυασμό με τις μήτρες τύπου Broneer XXVIII και XXXI πουβρέθηκαν σε εργαστηριακούς χώρους, δηλώνουν ότι κατά την εξεταζόμενη περίοδο αναπτύχθηκε στην Πάτρα μια τοπική παραγωγή λύχνων.
‘Being’ in Constantinople (4th-15th centuries) witnessed through the testimony of precious textiles
Authors: MUTHESIUS Anna
Published: February 2018

Το άρθρο ερευνά με ποιο τρόπο τα πολύτιμα ενδύματα οδήγησαν στην ενσωμάτωση της «ύπαρξης στην Κωνσταντινούπολη» σε διαφορετικά επίπεδα εμπειρίας μεταξύ του 4ου και του 15ου αιώνα. Το θέμα εξετάζεται με λεπτομερή ανάλυση των «υπάρξεων» που εμπεριέχονται και με την εντύπωση που προκαλούσαν τα πολύτιμα υφάσματα στην τελετουργική και λειτουργική αναπαράσταση σε αυτές τις ξεχωριστές κατηγορίες της ύπαρξης. Το άρθρο καταλήγει στο ότι τα πολύτιμα υφάσματα ήταν συνώνυμα με την «ύπαρξη σε διαφορετικά επίπεδα» στην Κωνσταντινούπολη έως τον 15ο αιώνα.
КОРПОРАТИВНОЕ ВОЛОНТЕРСТВО КАК ЭЛЕМЕНТ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ
Authors: Gorlova Natalia Ivanovna , Troska Zulfiya Alimzhanovna , Gribkova Olga Vladimirovna
Published: February 2018

Цель. Статья посвящена актуальной для российского общества теме развития корпоративного волонтерства. Предметом анализа выступает корпоративное волонтерство в России и его влияние на устойчивое развитие организации. Корпоративное волонтерство рассматривается на стыке совмещения интересов компании, сотрудников и местного сообщества. Целью исследования является теоретический анализ современных практик корпоративной добровольческой деятельности как фактора устойчивого развития организации.Метод или методология проведения работы. В рамках статьи методом сравнения и группировки проведен анализ и изучены материалы последних международных и российских исследований с опорой на экспертные мнения из бизнеса, власти, гражданского сообщества, посвященных этому явлению.Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что авторы сгруппировали и обобщили мотивационные установки участников корпоративного добровольческого движения, представили практические рекомендации по формированию системы поддержки корпоративного волонтерства и показали связь между устойчивым развитием организации и корпоративным волонтерством.Область применения результатов. Практическая значимость исследования заключается в том, что его выводы и рекомендации могут быть использованы в ходе организации корпоративного волонтерства в российских компаниях.
ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ КРАУДСОРСИНГ В СИСТЕМЕ МЕСТНОГО САМОУПРАВЛЕНИЯ КАК ФАКТОР ПРОЯВЛЕНИЯ ГРАЖДАНСКОЙ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ РОССИИ
Authors: Pribytkov Juri Borysovych
Published: February 2018

В статье анализируется политический краудсорсинг как фактор развития муниципальных образований и политической культуры участия в РФ в рамках развития информационного общества. Автор предлагает взглянуть на систему местного самоуправления с точки зрения социальных интересов местных сообществ. Политический краудсорсинг становится актуальным в системе местного самоуправления. Основой исследования выбран системный подход, позволяющий выявить современные виды и принципы организации политического краудсорсинга на местном уровне. Основным актором политического краудсорсинга является молодежь как наиболее активная и креативная социальная группа. Предлагается на базе молодежной организации при представительном органе местного самоуправления создание аналитического центра для реализации политических краудсорсинговых проектов. Разработанный вариант позволяет развивать и поддерживать демократический режим в России, увеличить процент гражданской и политической активности, увеличить скорость и качество коммуникации между государством и гражданским обществом, наиболее эффективно включить молодежь в политическую сферу в притягательной форме, создать школу профессионального роста молодых политологов и политиков.Цель: определение современных видов и принципов организации политического краудсорсинга на местном уровне и разработка варианта её продвижения.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовались системный подход, анализ современной научной литературы и интернет сайтов по политическому краудсорсингу.Результаты: определены современные виды и принципы организации политического краудсорсинга на местном уровне и разработан вариант создания аналитического центра на базе молодежной организации при представительном органе местного самоуправления.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты целесообразно применять политическим субъектами на федеральном, региональном и муниципальном уровнях.