bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medical Modeling and Fabrication of Surgical Guides
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, NITTTR Chandigarh, 160019, India., Zahoor Ayna , Banwait S.S ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, NITTTR Chandigarh, 160019, India., Sheikh Nazir Ah ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIT, Srinagar, 190006, India.
Published: September 2021

Medical Modelling and Rapid Prototyping are being used extensively to produce accurate implants. Rapid Prototyping has been used in making 3D medical models. The models help in personalizing pre-surgical treatment and pre-operative planning. Medical modelling is used for creation of high precision physical models from medical scans. The process includes collecting scans. The process includes collecting human anatomy data and optimizing the data for manufacturing and creating models using rapid prototyping. Computer aided software is used for prototyping. To produce high precision models, the modelling has to be in 3D. Therefore, a proper scanning method has to be used for each type of surgery. In this work we have taken a case study of fingers of hand to design and develop the 3D model for each case. We have designed, developed and fabricated one of the surgical guides for the fingers of hand. The design and fabrication was done in the 3D slicer and Grab CAD software independently. This work provides the approach and systematic procedure for the design and fabrication of surgical guide.
Synthesis, Characterization, Fluorescence and Antimicrobial studies of Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes derived from Schiff’s base (E)-2-(5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-N-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)hydrazinecarboxamide
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, CMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India – 560 037., Rahaman Fazlur , Gupta Priti ,   Department of Chemistry, CMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India – 560 037., Gautam Prabhat ,   Department of Chemistry, CMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India – 560 037., Monadal Subrata ,   Department of Chemistry, CMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India – 560 037., Rahaman Fazlur ,   VTU-RC affliated to Visweswaraya Technological University, Belgavi, Karnataka, India – 590 018., Gupta Priti ,   VTU-RC affliated to Visweswaraya Technological University, Belgavi, Karnataka, India – 590 018., Gautam Prabhat ,   VTU-RC affliated to Visweswaraya Technological University, Belgavi, Karnataka, India – 590 018., Monadal Subrata ,   VTU-RC affliated to Visweswaraya Technological University, Belgavi, Karnataka, India – 590 018., M N Manjunatha ,   VTU-RC affliated to Visweswaraya Technological University, Belgavi, Karnataka, India – 590 018., M N Manjunatha ,   Department of Chemistry, Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India – 560 054
Published: September 2021

A series of Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes of (E)-2-(5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-N-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)hydrazinecarboxamide (HL) with ONO donor ligand was synthesized. The ligand (HL) was prepared by the condensation of N-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)hydrazinecarboxamide with 5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde. The HL and its metal complexes have been characterized using elemental analysis and various spectral techniques such as, FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR, Mass, UV–Visible, ESR, thermal analysis (TGA), magnetic moment, conductivity and powder-XRD. The Powder XRD pattern indicates hexagonal or tetragonal system for HL and its metal complexes. The fluorescence studies exhibits strong emission in the range of 400-500 nm for HL. Further in comparison the HL, Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes showed enhanced emission whereas Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) showed poor emission. The antimicrobial activities of the HL and its metal complexes were studied by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method wherein the metal complexes showed better activity as compare to free ligand.
UN CASO DE SÍFILIS CONGÉNITA EN TINTAY, QUEROBAMBA, AYACUCHO DURANTE LA ÉPOCA WARI (600 – 1100 D.C.)
Authors: Altamirano Enciso Alfredo José
Published: September 2021

Damos cuenta del registro del cráneo de una adolescente que vivió en los asentamientos poblados establecidos en Tintay. El cráneo, procedente de un contexto funerario disturbado, presenta huellas de haber sufrido sífilis congénita, y por los restos de tejidos expuestos, así como la forma y construcción de la cámara funeraria corresponde a la época Wari (600–1100 d.C.). Se trata del primer caso registrado en la literatura arqueológica peruana de esta patología. Además, exhibe modelación cefálica del tipo circular con leve elevación bregmática. La sífilis congénita es causada por una bacteria en forma de espiroqueta denominada Treponema pallidum y se transmite de la madre infectada al feto. Esta enfermedad causa distintas alteraciones sistémicas, dependiendo en qué fase de la sífilis se infecta el bebé. Al realizar el diagnóstico diferencial se contrastó con los dientes de Hutchinson y nariz en silla de montar, tuvo sífilis congénita y fracturas nasales por traumas perimortem.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL MELALUI PENGGUNAAN KOOPERATIF LEARNING MODEL JIGSAW PADA SISWA MTS NEGERI MASAMBA KELAS IX A SEMESTER I TAHUN 2014/2015
Authors: SUMARDIN SUMARDIN
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan agar siswa memiliki aktivitas dan hasil belajar yang tinggi melalui desain pembelajaran yang kooperatif dan kondusif serta partisipatif sehingga mereka akhirnya dapat menguasai materi pelajaran dengan baik. Dengan memberlakukan tindakan di atas, diharapkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa semakin meningkat. Data mengenai efektivitas tindakan dikumpulkan dari observasi kelas, angket skala sikap, wawancara dengan siswa dan refleksi. Pendekatan metode adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian eksperimen dan deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas IX A MTs Negeri Masamba Tahun Pelajaran 2014/2015 dan yang menjadi subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IX A MTs Negeri Masamba. pada siklus I jumlah siswa yang tuntas sekitar 84,21% atau 16 siswa dengan rata-rata 71,81 nilai yang dicapai dan mengalami peningkatan pada siklus ke II dengan jumlah yang tuntas sebanyak 17 siswa atau sebesar 89,47% dengan rata-rata nilai yang dicapai sebesar 78,23. Dan pada siklus ke III jumlah siswa yang ikut test semuanya dinyatakan tuntas dan terjadi peningkatan jumlah nilai yaitu rata-rata 85,47 %, dengan tingkat kelulusan 100%. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data dan pembahasan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan peneliti, maka dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: 1. Dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw pada siswa kelas IX A dengan mata pelajaran IPS pada MTs Negeri Masamba sangat berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas belajar siswa..2. Dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw pada siswa kelas IX A dengan mata pelajaran IPS pada MTs Negeri Masamba maka mengalami peningkatan hasil belajar siswa,
MUNICIPAL OPEN DATA PORTALS: THEIR IMPLEMENTATION IN THE FACE OF A MUNICIPALITY’S POLITICAL AND TERRITORIAL REALITY
Authors: Diaz J. , Breux S.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Municipal open data portals have been criticized for their inability to fulfill the promises of transparency, citizen participation and economic development that are supposed to accompany data release. Based on an analysis of certain aspects of the City of Montréal’s open data portal and interviews with reusers of these data, we show that the limitations observed stem – at least in part – from an absence of consideration of the municipality’s political and territorial reality. Three facts contribute to this absence: 1) the Montreal open data portal was designed as a public service; 2) it was created upstream, and not based on the identification of possible needs of the population or the territory; and 3) the relevance of the published datasets raises questions with respect to the promises made. These elements invite us to better link open data portals to objectives and needs that are first and foremost local, while inserting them into a broader framework for achieving the initial democratic and economic promises.
USING EYE-TRACKING TO SUPPORT BIG DATA DRIVEN PROPERTY VALUATION TOOLS
Authors: Soundararaj B. , Pettit C.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Building and using large scale, Automated Valuation Models (AVM) is one of the key multi-disciplinary pursuits in the study of cities and their economies. The methods used in building these AVMs such as ‘hedonic price modelling’ require a ‘co-design’ approach which needs significant collaboration and feedback between the modellers and the users of these models. The success of this collaborative approach depends crucially on our ability to capture the inputs and feedback from users without the bias and uncertainties present in traditional data collecting methods. In this paper, we explore and demonstrate the use of ‘eye-tracking’ technology in devising an objective methodology for collecting user feedback for co-design exercises. We employed a remote eye tracker in conjunction with traditional questionnaires to capture the decision making process of participants as buyers while selecting a property among a set of available options. We then compared the factors they reported to be important in their decision-making process to the factors they actually considered when looking at property listings. In our experiments, we found that pictures and maps captured more than 95% of the attention from buyers compared to the descriptive or statistical information showing the significance of the interface and medium of the valuation process. When responding to questionnaires, participants as property buyers reported that the attributes of a property such as number of beds, baths, quality of construction from pictures and location are equally important in selecting one over others. In contrast, when measured by an eye-tracker, we found that the participants gave significantly more attention to the quality of construction and location of the property compared to other factors. These preliminary results, though not definitive, demonstrate the value and usefulness of eye-tracking as a technique for capturing and measuring the factors that influence the desirability and in turn the price of a property. This methodology when controlled for characteristics of the participants, the properties and the medium of communication has the potential to help us to identifying and quantifying the relevance of parameters during property valuation and hence improve the accuracy and effectiveness of the corresponding hedonic price models.
SENSOR REGISTRY AS A BASE LAYER FOR SMART CITIES
Authors: van Andel M. , Bussemaker S. , Grus M. , Florijn W.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. There is a growing number of sensors, cameras and measuring devices in the public space. Why are they hanging on the lamp post? What are they measuring? And by whom? Those questions are relevant to the citizens to be assured that no private and sensitive data are collected without their approvement. At the same time the municipalities feel obligated to be transparent about the hanging devices to the inhabitants and provide a good working registration tool to the owners of the measuring devices. The sensor owners would also value the clarity about the process to register their devices and uniformity in the legislation if they plan to install their devices throughout more cities. We cannot forget about researchers, developers and data scientists who would highly appreciate the transparency about the measuring devices and the potential access to the data from the sensors.A National Sensor Registry (SensRNet) seems to be the solution to answer the abovementioned questions. The registry would: provide transparency to the municipalities and citizens about the data collected by the devices and the purpose for collection; provide overview and insight into where sensors are placed in public space and who is the owner; allow sensor owners to register the devices in a uniform way; provide access to highly demanded data to utilize the smart city concept; act as a platform that provides transparent, safe and secure environment where citizens and entrepreneurs can get more information or make objections against the reason behind collecting data.
DEVELOPMENT OF A DIGITAL 3D PARTICIPATION PLATFORM – CASE STUDY OF WEILIMDORF (STUTTGART, GERMANY)
Authors: Würstle P. , Santhanavanich T. , Padsala R. , Coors V.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. This paper explains the development of a 3D city model-based Public Participation Platform as a prototype and its implementation in a real-world public participation process to redevelop the Weilimdorf area of Stuttgart city. Alongside conducting Weilimdorf’s public participation process, the goal of the mentioned public participation platform is to research citizens’ acceptance of such tools. The usage of digital tools has become more critical for participation processes. The need for social distancing expedites this change, particularly during the pandemic. Previous research frequently focuses on 2D platforms and smaller sample sizes but nevertheless shows the importance of such tools. However, with current developments in geospatial and web streaming technologies, it has become easier and faster to visualize large-scale 3D city models over the web. In this research, these technologies were used by the citizens of the Weilimdorf area to evaluate the usability of the platform and collect their feedback. The result shows that such a digital public participation platform is a valuable supplement to traditional in-person public participation methods.
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION & DIGITAL TOOLS TO IMPROVE PEDESTRIAN MOBILITY IN CITIES
Authors: Ertz O. , Fischer A. , Ghorbel H. , Hüsser O. , Sandoz R. , Scius-Bertrand A.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. In this work, we present a framework supported by mobile and web apps and able to propose personalized pedestrian routes that match user mobility profile considering mobility impediments factors. We explain how these later have been defined using a pedestrian-centric approach based on travel experiences as perceived in the field by senior citizens. Through workshops, six main factors that may influence pedestrian route choices were revealed: passability, obstacle in path, surface problem, security, sidewalk width, slope. These categories were used to build digital tools and guide a citizen participatory approach to collect geolocated points of obstacle documented with walkability information (picture, category, impact score, free comment). We also involved citizens to evaluate these information and especially senior referents for validation. Finally we present how we connect these points of obstacle with a pedestrian network based on OpenStreetMap to configure a routing cost function. The framework has been partially deployed in 2020 with limited people due to the pandemic. Nonetheless, we share lessons learned from interaction with citizens in the design of such a framework whose underlying workflow is reproducible. We plan to further assess its relevance and sustainability in the future.
URBAN VGI NETWORKS AS A PATH FOR COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Florentino P. V. , Pereira G. C.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The massive use of contemporary information and communication technology as digital platforms and social networks are ruling social dynamics from urban spaces urban spaces in a remarkable manner. The digital layer of cities became a bidirectional and omnipresent path, creating relational and interactional structures able to exchange data and media. This networked city may be analyzed and debated as a complex open system that demands research concerning communicational plurality and development of urban space representation, considering the increasing of informational and communicational density. Digital traces from social networks developed in PortoAlegre.cc, a collaborative web map registering issues and use of urban space, were used as data input for this research. Social network analysis was used as method for network structures evaluation. The results reveal short paths among network elements, shaped by structures following Small World model. The analysis showed efficient networks for data exchange increasing informational and communicational density. This work contribution is focused on presenting alternative approaches and perspectives for this multidisciplinary area, enhancing the debate about urban space by rethinking its representation and collective knowledge.
QUANTIFYING THE IMPACT OF URBAN INFILL ON THE URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT – A CASE STUDY FOR AN ALTERNATIVE MEDIUM DENSITY MODEL
Authors: Helmholz P. , Bulatov D. , Kottler B. , Burton P. , Mancini F. , May M. , Strauß E. , Hecht M.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) impact the quality of life in many urban centres. Metropolitan areas of Australian cities and urbanised regional centres, in particular, show vulnerability towards UHIs due to challenging climatic conditions and the model of greater subdivision of established properties whereby backyards and mature trees are replaced with more residential dwellings and sealed areas. The measurements for the UHI mitigation, such as imposing reforestation, employing sustainable and medium density housing build form typology must be quantified. Simulation-based identification and mitigation of UHIs can be used for planning decisions. There are several advantages to use simulations. For instance, alternative subdivision design, building design and the placement of trees and other measures is only required in the digital twin. Experimenting with the digital twin saves resources and maximises the outcome by being able to quantify the heat reduction. The aim of this work is to quantify the impact of the current urban infill methods on UHI. We focus on an area that has gone through a process of re-subdivision that is bounded by roads within Perth, Western Australia. For the same area we propose an alternative design with an urban infill model based on a medium density housing guidelines with an improved green space allocation. While the current model shows significant effects of UHIs we could mitigate those effects in the alternative proposed model. In our simulation the hottest surfaces are roads with a temperature of approximately 45 °C at 2PM in the afternoon. In the current model close to 100% of the road surfaces reach this temperature. In contrast, in the alternative model only 45% of all road surfaces reach this temperature, significantly reducing the impact of UHI for pedestrian walking close by to those roads. At 2PM, the most frequent temperature of all surfaces for the current model is around 44 °C while the alternative’s model the most frequent temperature is approximately 28 °C – a difference of 16 °C.
EFFECTIVENESS OF GREEN ROOFS IN STRENGTHENING ECOLOGICAL NETWORK
Authors: Joshi M. Y. , Rivière L. , Mahy G. , Teller J.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Improving biodiversity in urban areas is widely recognised as part of sustainable smart cities development framework. Due to unprecedented urbanisation, there is a lack of adequate green spaces which has in turn affected the urban biodiversity. Green roofs are argued to enhance and support the biodiversity by systematic inclusion into the urban ecological network. However, its connection to the existing natural ecological areas and connectivity are not discussed at a city scale. Thus, in this study, we aim at identifying the connectivity of potential areas for developing green roofs in strengthening the biodiversity and ecological network in cities. Altogether, we observe that the potential roofs are in the near proximity of these zones. The zones with dry lawns and meadows like environment are quite limited and spatially far from each other. Thus, developing green roofs can help in connecting these spaces. In this paper, we mainly focused on bees as they play an important role in pollination and are also declining in the urban areas. Further research can incorporate more detailed analysis on foraging distances of other species. A methodology can be developed to select which zones can be targeted for specific species.
SAFETY MONITORING BY MEANS OF SENSOR NETWORKS DISTRIBUTED WITHIN THE FOSSA SITE PLAN
Authors: Laurini E. , Rotilio M. , De Berardinis P. , Tudini B. , Stornelli V.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The seismic event of 6 April 2009 has inevitably left its mark on the history of the entire territory of L'Aquila (Italy), completely devastating the town and much of the province. Within such frantic and extensive reconstruction activity, the resulting construction works could not but draw attention to some issues of fundamental importance such as coordinated planning, safety, respect for the rules and above all the rebirth of the territory. This research is aimed at drawing up the site plan for Fossa, a municipality in the Province of L'Aquila and not far from the region capital of Abruzzo, Italy. The main objective is to create a monitoring standard by means of a dedicated sensors network and detailed strategies in order to coordinate, guide and support the single actions of intervention through design behaviours and highly technological tools. The Plan is configured as a tool for participatory planning, with the active involvement of planners, companies and citizens, whose common goal is the preservation of the identity of locations, the mitigation of seismic risk and the enhancement of the cultural heritage of the Municipality of Fossa. Implementation of this work is the application of technological systems for construction site monitoring: a concrete response to the growing demand for organized management of the construction process on site and safety in the workplace can be achieved through the use of systems and rational control and management procedures that include the use of innovative technologies.
COFLEX: FLEXIBLE BRACELET ANTI COVID-19 TO PROTECT CONSTRUCTION WORKERS
Authors: Laurini E. , Rotilio M. , De Berardinis P. , Vittorini P. , Cucchiella F. , Di Stefano G. , Ferri G. , Stornelli V. , Tobia L.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. To implement the protocol contrasting the diffusion of Covid-19, the employer is required, to ensure the safety and health of the worker at work, to adopt measures related to the control of body temperature (with respect for privacy), the minimum distance during work and all other activities such as breaks, canteen breaks, access to toilets, in addition to the adoption of specifically developed safety procedures, such as e.g. the use of man-down detection devices. In this context, the project aims to illustrate a system able of providing support in the safeguarding of workers' health on construction sites. This system, based on information received from sensors capable of identifying workers' positions (e.g., if less than 1m away) and their vital parameters (e.g., body temperature, gasped breathing), as well as moving objects inside the construction site area (e.g., to check if a worker is passing under a moving crane), will raise early alerts directly to the workers and/or to the central software, with respect for privacy, to immediately activate all the necessary measures to mitigate the risk. The system, based on the data communicated by the various sensors, will store and process them for the purpose of extracting useful information for risk management. The proposed system configured itself as a new product taking advantage from a high Technology Readiness Level maturated from the Smart Safety Belt already developed by some of the authors.
TESTING THE NEW 3D BAG DATASET FOR ENERGY DEMAND ESTIMATION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Authors: León-Sánchez C. , Giannelli D. , Agugiaro G. , Stoter J.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The 3D BAG v. 2.0 dataset has been recently released: it is a country-wide dataset containing all buildings in the Netherlands, modelled in multiple LoDs (LoD1.2, LoD1.3 and LoD2.2). In particular, the LoD2.2 allows differentiating between different thematic surfaces composing the building envelope. This paper describes the first steps to test and use the 3D BAG 2.0 to perform energy simulations and characterise the energy performance of the building stock. Two well-known energy simulation software packages have been tested: SimStadt and CitySim Pro. Particular care has been paid to generate a suitable, valid CityGML test dataset, located in the municipality of Rijssen-Holten in the central-eastern part of the Netherlands, that has been then used to test the energy simulation tools. Results from the simulation tools have been then stored into the 3D City Database, additionally extended to deal with the CityGML Energy ADE. The whole workflow has been checked in order to guarantee a lossless dataflow.The paper reports on the proposed workflow, the issues encountered, some solutions implemented, and what the next steps will be.
A PROJECTION-BASED RECONSTRUCTION ALGORITHM FOR 3D MODELING OF BRIDGE STRUCTURES FROM DRONE-BASED POINT CLOUD
Authors: Mehranfar M. , Arefi H. , Alidoost F.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. This paper presents a projection-based method for 3D bridge modeling using dense point clouds generated from drone-based images. The proposed workflow consists of hierarchical steps including point cloud segmentation, modeling of individual elements, and merging of individual models to generate the final 3D model. First, a fuzzy clustering algorithm including the height values and geometrical-spectral features is employed to segment the input point cloud into the main bridge elements. In the next step, a 2D projection-based reconstruction technique is developed to generate a 2D model for each element. Next, the 3D models are reconstructed by extruding the 2D models orthogonally to the projection plane. Finally, the reconstruction process is completed by merging individual 3D models and forming an integrated 3D model of the bridge structure in a CAD format. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method to generate 3D models automatically with a median error of about 0.025 m between the elements’ dimensions in the reference and reconstructed models for two different bridge datasets.
USING CONTEXTUAL CUES IN UNDERSTANDING URBAN MENTAL WELL-BEING
Authors: Perez Oteiza T. , Kelly L. , Mooney P.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. It is well established that city life can impact on individuals’ mental well-being. Factors associated with modes of transport in a city, such as cycle corridors and the reliability of bus network, and environment factors, such as availability of green spaces, have been shown to relate to individuals’ well-being in the city. Smart cities contain a wealth of digital data which has been used in the management and organisation of cities. Such data is gathered from sensors, networks and systems which contain rich insights on factors associated with city life. Such as, for example, the availability of open spaces in the city, traffic congestion, and air quality levels. We propose that these smart city data sources and data flows can act as contextual cues to indicate the mental well-being of individuals in the city. That is, we propose harnessing indicators and patterns in datasets known to be associated with well-being, and using these as contextual cues for automated city well-being level estimation. In this initial investigation, we focus on contextual cues associated with active travel and transportation, environmental information and green infrastructure. We propose an AI-based system which uses these contextual cues to generate an indicator of mental well-being in the city.
ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF GEOSPATIAL FACTORS IN SMART CITIES: A STUDY OF OFF-STREET PARKING IN MAINZ, GERMANY
Authors: Rolwes A. , Böhm K.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Geospatial data often build the basis for planning decisions in smart cities. In the decision-making process, geospatial relationships have not yet been fully considered and represented. The aim of our research is to investigate these geospatial relationships. This paper presents a four-step process to identify geospatial key factors in smart city use cases. We further develop and evaluate an existing metric to measure the impact of geospatial factors in urban area. For this, we use three variables to characterise distance decay, opening hours and an attractiveness weight for customers depends on the use case. The use case of this study is off-street parking over a period of four years in Mainz, Germany. The results show temporal relationships between parking and geospatial factors. Consequently, our research indicates the impact of different factors on car parks. This knowledge enriches decisions for sustainable planning in cities.
Surfing with shivers: the Gothic Far North Coast in poetry
Authors: Hawryluk Lynda
Published: September 2021

In 2015 Australian world champion surfer Mick Fanning disappeared behind a wave during a surfing competition, just as a great white shark’s fin rose up out of the water. The frantic fish thrashed about, knocking Fanning off his surfboard, leaving horrified viewers unsure of his fate (Lutz, 2015). The live television footage, broadcast to millions, became an uncanny reminder of one of the most uncomfortable aspects of surf culture: shark attacks. In fiction, memoir and creative nonfiction writing about surfing that acknowledges the underlying threat sharks represent, their presence in the line-up is referred to using euphemisms, ‘men in grey suits’ (Orgias, 2012), their impact is compared to being hit by a car with teeth (Adolph, 2019), and the aftermath of their interactions with humans is either horrific and tragic, or the inspiration for stories of resilience and adaptation (McAloon, 2016). The depiction of sharks in surfing culture is either darkly humorous or steeped in mythology (McCarthy, 2020). It is for these reasons the depictions fit within a Gothic tradition. My previous work on Australian coastal Gothic writing (Hawryluk, 2020) describes a place with underlying Gothic tones. The town of Ballina on the Far North Coast of New South Wales is one such place, becoming known internationally for a spate of shark attacks between 2015-2016 (McVeigh, 2016). This paper adds to existing Australian coastal Gothic writing and research focused on surf culture and depictions of interactions between surfers and sharks. A suite of my creative nonfiction poetry featured within demonstrates the Gothic elements present in Ballina’s history of shark attacks, interactions, and the way the town and its surfers have responded to its reputation as ‘shark city’ (Smith, 2016).
‘Competitors in the surf-riding contest’: battle as theme in the first three surf novels
Authors: Sandtner Jake , Krauth Nigel
Published: September 2021

In surf fiction it is common for wave-riders to be tested. The test of self – battling against nature, against others, and against one’s own capabilities – is a popular thematic pathway for discovery, growth and freedom, as manifested regularly in surf-related fiction since its beginnings in 1849. This paper looks at the first three novels that featured surfing – Mardi and a Voyage Thither (Melville, 1849), The Coral Island: A Tale of the Pacific Ocean (Ballantyne, 1857), and Kelea: The Surf-Rider, A Romance of Pagan Hawaii (Twombly, 1900) – to examine why the authors wrote about surfing in conjunction with themes of battle and contest.
Critical Analysis of Rural Development Initiatives in Pakistan
Authors: Luqman Muhammad , Mehmood Muhammad Umer , Farooq Muhammad , Mehmood Tariq , Waqar Muhammad , Yaseen Muhammad , Tahir Mukkram Ali
Published: September 2021

Rural development agencies have been regarded as important performers in terms of influencing development policies and programmes in rural areas of the world. The main focus of these programmes is to uplift the living standard of the masses in rural areas through sustained growth in the rural economy. To improve the livelihoods of rural communities, the government has adopted various rural development programmes, but the majority of them left very little effect on the ground. Many of these programmes had been inspired by the western paradigm. Categorically the efforts to uplift the livelihood of rural population in the North-Western Pakistan, have gained little success. According to recent reports, about one third population of mountainous region is still facing the problem of food insecurity, poverty and hunger which results in economic and political instability. Considering this, the government has launched many rural development programmes but almost all of them were terminated after gaining little success. Although the overall approach was institutional in nature but it failed to promote institutional aspect of rural development. Leading constraints to the rural developmental strategies include shortage of funds, dominated status of bureaucracy and lack of coordination among the implementing agency and local community. Besides state owned programmes for rural development many non-government organizations (NGOs) are also involved on the theme of development that is participatory for the decades. Among those initiatives Agha Khan Rural Support Programme (AKRSP) remained quite successful in northern areas of Pakistan. However, rural development through participatory approach is still far behind the predicted results and these organizations are facing problems in delivering welfare services to the rural poor as they are being blame that they are working on western agenda.
El uso del video para el análisis y la retroalimentación en el tenis: La utilización de dispositivos móviles para beneficiar el aprendizaje y la enseñanza digital
Authors: Born Philipp , Vogt Tobias
Published: September 2021

El análisis y la retroalimentación de video, especialmente a través del uso de dispositivos de aprendizaje móviles (DAM), se ha establecido como un instrumento de entrenamiento principal en el conjunto de herramientas de entrenamiento. Proporciona una excelente fuente de información para los estudiantes sobre su movimiento, y cuando se usa de manera efectiva puede acelerar el aprendizaje motor. Este artículo proporciona recomendaciones sobre el uso del video para el análisis y retroalimentación basados en la investigación en el campo de la adquisición de habilidades. También proporciona un desglose de las aplicaciones y características disponibles en el mercado.
Comparison of the Anterior and Posterior Approaches for the Management of Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Damma Prasada I Dewa Gede Bracika , Ridia Ketut Gede Mulyadi
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating and disabling condition that predominantly affecting younger population. Several management protocols have been suggested to improve outcome of acute traumatic SCI including conservative and operative treatment. For the operative treatment, surgical decompression in SCI could be achieved by posterior, posterolateral and anterior approaches. This systematic review aim to compared the approaches in performing decompression in spinal cord injury.
Methods: We conduct study from their inception dates to January 2021 with operative treatment of SCI with anterior and posterior approach as the inclusion criteria. Boolean method and PRISMA guideline was used to optimize the search and finding the study. All of the author assessed the quality of study.
Results: A total of 4 studies were included in this systematic review. Three studies reported no significant difference between two approach while one study described anterior approach Is more effective than posterior approach.
Discussion: There is still much debate about the approach to be used in patients with spinal cord injuries. Three studies mentioned neither the anterior approach nor the posterior approach had significant differences in managing SCI operatively. One study reported neurological recovery was found to be better in patients operated with the anterior approach.
Conclusion: The effectiveness between the use of anterior and posterior approaches in patients with spinal cord injury that both had the same clinical outcome. The location of the difference is only in the posterior approach where there is a significant amount of blood loss also has a much longer hospital stay than the anterior approac

Keywords: Spinal Cord Injury, SCI, Surgical Approach, Anterior Approaches, Posterior Approaches.
Correlation between Perceived Fear of COVID-19 Infection and Demand for COVID-19 Vaccination in Thailand: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Sunpaweravong Sompoom
Published: September 2021

As the global COVID-19 pandemic became increasingly severe, the perceived fear of infection amongst the general population increased significantly. Many aspects of COVID-19 infection such as the ailment’s severe symptoms and risk of death contributed greatly to the collective fear surrounding this disease. The fear of infection resulted in lifestyle changes for many which in turn caused a great extent of socioeconomic impacts on both the regional and global level. Correlating closely to the fear of infection, vaccine related fear became a growing trend amongst the public. The majority of those fearing the vaccines were skeptical of its safety and risk of severe although rare side effects such as blood clots or convulsion not to mention the more common side effects such as high fevers that deterred a significant portion of the population from getting vaccinated. With these two closely related fears causing great effects on our society, our study decided to study the correlation and interaction between these two metrics. Through measuring both COVID-19 infection and vaccination fear of 351 subjects from diverse demographics, our study found many correlations between the perceived fear for COVID 19 infection, demand and reluctance for COVID 19 vaccination and other factors such as the age of the subject. Our study also took various measurements regarding the subjects involved in this study such as the subject’s age and underlying diseases that are known to augment the severity of COVID-19 symptoms such as Diabetes, underlying heart disease and lung diseases. After rigorous data analysis, the study found proportionate correlations between the levels of perceived fear of COVID-19 infection and the demand for vaccination. The demographics of participants (age and underlying diseases) were also found to have a correlative effect on the former measurements.

Keywords: COVID-19 fear, vaccine hesitancy, COVID-19 risk factors.
CO2 Laser Ablation for the Manifestations of Multiple Cutaneous Neurofibromas in an Adult with Neurofibromatosis Type 1(NF1)
Authors: Calvin Nicholas
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a rare genetic disorder that is characterized by the growth of noncancerous neurocutaneous tumors that form near the spinal cord and along the peripheral nerves in the body. Symptoms NF-1 are usually detected in infancy or early childhood. However, in some cases, children and adults without family history may have a spontaneous genetic mutation of unknown cause. There are several modalities to treat NF-1, which include conventional surgery removal and CO2 laser ablation. The review of literature aims to compare the efficacy and outcomes of these two modalities.

Case presentation: A 32-year old post-partum Australian woman is presented to the neurosurgery department outpatient clinic. When she was around 20-year old, non-painful multiple noncancerous growth along her spine and peripheral nerves and multiple café-au-lait spots started to appear. The size and numbers of growth and spots are gradually increasing as she aged. The diagnosis of NF-1 was made according to the presence of four of the seven diagnostic criteria of the National Institute of Health Consensus Development Conference. Patient is scheduled to go to NF clinic 2 months after the meeting, in which the patient is planned to undergo a treatment of CO2 laser ablation.

Conclusions: Studies have shown that CO2 has outperformed conventional surgery in managing the clinical manifestation of NF-1 in term of effectivity and cosmetic outcomes.

 Keywords: neurofibromatosis type I, von Recklinghausen’s disease, adult, post-partum woman, CO2 laser ablation
A rare case of compression atelectasis due to spontaneous diaphragmatic hernia: a case report
Authors: Damara Fachreza
Published: September 2021

Type IV diaphragmatic hernia is a rare case which has various clinical manifestations. The clinical manifestations as a result of protruded organ towards thoracic cavity in diaphragmatic hernia are varied from gastrointestinal symptoms such as epigastric pain, dysphagia and acid reflux. However, in a rare occasion, dyspnea may present as a result of compression atelectasis due to excessive increased in intrathoracic pressure. Here, we report a 57-year-old male patient who had spontaneous diaphragmatic hernia admitted with dyspnea as a chief complaint. This report might add another perspective to the physicians in facing the patient with atelectasis as the result of a high level of lung compression secondary to type IV diaphragmatic hernia.
Surfing the Waves of Infodemics: Building a Cohesive Philippine Framework against Misinformation
Authors: Dela Cruz Joseph Rem
Published: September 2021

The sudden exponential increase in information accompanying COVID-19 has presented significant barriers to effective health communication. In a country where 76 million active social media accounts originate, this infodemic due to the pandemic has exposed inadequacies in Philippine information systems. As such, this paper aims to present the infodemic in the Philippine context, analyze existing frameworks countering minsinformation, identify problems, and propose solutions for misinformation. A comprehensive review of existing policies was conducted by inputting keywords in known databases, and analyzing literature, laws, and social media policies in the Philippines. The analysis has showed that (1) the current uncentralized system presents difficulties in mobilizing experts; (2) the older demographic is a neglected population amid high risk for misinformation; (3) individual passivity in searching for legitimate sources puts people at higher risk; (4) current legal frameworks insufficiently characterize and delineate misinformation and disinformation, leading to concerns on implementation and human rights. To address this, evidence recommends (1) creating a centralized government institution, representative of various sectors, to serve as the source of understandable and reliable scientific information; (2) strengthening current legal frameworks, with an emphasis on education, due process, and human rights; (3) ingraining a culture of fact-checking within the Filipino psyche via stakeholder engagement. Clear roles and responsibilities, along with active stakeholder engagement, are needed to build individual resilience against misinformation and strengthen veritable institutions that aid the country in responding to future health crises.
Immunogenicity and Safety Analysis of Inactivated Virus Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review of Phase 1/2 Clinical Trials
Authors: Asyura Muhammad Mikail Athif Zhafir , Chandra Angelina Patricia , Agussalim Achmad , Soloan Garry
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The lingering Severe Acute Respiratory System-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic worldwide has called scientists to accelerate vaccine production and reduce the spread of the virus. The inactivated virus vaccine has been administered widely due to its potency. Following its recent public use, we aim to summarize the efficacy and safety of the inactivated vaccine, especially following Indonesia’s settlement on the SinoVac vaccine.

Materials and Methods: A systematic review was performed, searching for randomized controlled trials, according to the PRISMA statement throughout four online databases with studies published up to 2 February 2021. Critical appraisal was further conducted utilizing the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0.

Results and Discussions: The search yielded six phase ½ clinical trials with a total of 3251 subjects. The outcome was obtained in seroconversion rates (%) after two doses of vaccine. Four studies administered the CoronaVac inactivated vaccine and resulted in a high seroconversion rate, ranging from 89—90%. The other two studies administered the BBV152 and BBIBP-CorV inactivated vaccine and showed similar results. Furthermore, a dose dependent relation is shown with higher doses showing higher seroconversion rates. The safety analysis reported injection site pain as an insignificant but most prevalent local adverse reaction, with other adverse reactions being mild to moderate respiratory tract infections

Conclusion: The inactivated vaccine’s efficacy has been proven to stimulate antibody response regardless of dosage, period of administration, and age, with insignificant adverse effects. Further phase 3 clinical trials and widespread administration with the help of non-governmental and medical student organizations are recommended
Pathomorphological Changes In The Lungs Of COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Ali Zeshan
Published: September 2021

In December 2019, a novel virus was discovered in China causing severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and the virus was designated as SARS-CoV-2 [1]. On 11th March 2020, the Corona Virus (SARS-CoV-2) was declared a pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO) [2]. Millions of people worldwide have been affected by this virus [3]. Most of the patients shows mild symptoms. Severe cases lead to the death of patients due to severe respiratory failure. Multiple organ failure has been seen in many patients suffering from COVID-19
First Trimester Glycated Hemoglobin (HBA1C) Level as a Novel Predictor of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kalaij Ayers Gilberth Ivano , Dyson Nathaniel Gilbert , Sugiyanto Michael
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a severe yet neglected threat to maternal and child health, due to its association with multiple adverse pregnancy outcomes. glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level is one of the most promising predictor of GDM in early pregnancy based on several cohort studies done recently.

Purpose of study: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the potency of HbA1c level in first trimester as a novel predictor of GDM.

Methods: This review selects cohort studies found by database searching systematically using previously determined inclusion, such as pregnant woman as the subject, assess Hb1Ac level in the first trimester, and assess odds ratio towards (GDM), and exclusion criteria such as assess outcome at postpartum, not assess GDM outcomes, and studies written in languages other than English or Bahasa Indonesia. This review was arranged based on PRISMA guideline.

Results and Discussion: This review included seven cohort studies with the pooled OR of 4.36 [95%CI: 3.66-5.20]. Quantitative analysis shows that HbA1c level in the first trimester is a significant risk factor of GDM development (p<0.00001). However, heterogeneity analyses revealed substantial heterogeneity are detected in the pooled studies. Therefore, to understand the significance of HbA1c level and the development of GDM, further studies are needed.

Conclusion: This study has proven the potency of first trimester HbA1c level as a novel predictor of gestational diabetes mellitus. Thus, it is necessary to integrate the use of HbA1c level screening as part of antenatal care in the first trimester of pregnancy.