bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimización de ecuaciones con restricciones no lineales: comparativo entre técnicas heurística y convexa
Authors: Mesa Fernando , Correa-Vélez German , Barba-Ortega Jose Jose
Published: May 2022

En el presente artículo se exploran diversas técnicas de optimización a través de metodologías diferentes; es importante resaltar que los problemas de optimización se encuentran en una gran multitud de disciplinas académicas, y los caminos propuestos para resolverlos se encuentran, el primero, en las técnicas matemáticas denominadas fuertes (óptimo global) a través de teoremas de existencia y unicidad, y el segundo camino, en las denominadas técnicas heurísticas o metaheurísticas inspiradas en su mayoría en procesos biológicos, sociales, culturales, las cuales permiten ampliar los espacios de búsqueda de las soluciones o relajar las funciones por optimizar de continuas a no continuas, al igual que las restricciones. La técnica metaheurística estudiada es el enjambre de partículas, (PSO) basada en el modelo completo (componentes cognitiva y social), el cual es una técnica metaheurística inspirada en la biología, comparativamente con la técnica matemática convexa utilizando el comportamiento de las matrices semidefinidas positivas, para el planteamiento y modelado de problemas con funciones objetivo y regiones factibles convexas. El problema resuelto por estos dos métodos consiste en conocer los valores de los recursos de dos variables dentro de una función objetivo. Por último, se evalúan las respuestas obtenidas bajo la suposición de que los mínimos locales son mínimos globales dentro de la vecindad.
Mobilizing a Community to Develop a Comprehensive Master Aging Plan
Authors: Allgood Sallie D. , Lavalley Ryan , Dictus Cassandra , Tyler Janice , Rosemond Cherie
Published: May 2022

Approximately 48 million older adults, aged 65+, live in the United States and this number is expected to double in the next 40 years. In response, cities and states are creating policies and programs to support older adults and the overall experience of aging. Yet there is a lack of input from older adults about which policies and programs actually meet their needs. This case example provides information about how one community in North Carolina (NC) engaged older adults in development of their community's Master Aging Plan (MAP). These MAP efforts were guided by the World Health Organization's age‐friendly framework. Community members and key stakeholders participated in an assessment of community assets and needs through surveys (n=860), focus groups (n=13, with 63 participants), and key stakeholder interviews (n=34). A comprehensive list of community needs and assets was created from the assessment and organized using the age‐friendly framework. To endorse or refine findings and establish priorities, community members provided additional input during two community‐wide listening sessions. Armed with findings from the assessment, community members, organizational leaders, and governmental stakeholders came together in workgroups around each domain of the age‐friendly framework to create Orange County's Master Aging Plan. Orange County, NC's experience with collaborative community engagement can serve as a guide for other communities seeking to involve community members in development of their own Master Aging Plan. Policy implications include incentive mechanisms to encourage age‐friendly community planning and broad engagement of both community members and leaders.
Protectors of the Great Victory: Commemoration of World War II in the Russian Community of Toronto
Authors: Rogova Anastasia
Published: May 2022

Political mobilization of the Russian-speaking immigrant communityin Canada is a relatively recent phenomenon, but it has permeated multiplespheres of community life in recent years. This paper examines how Russian-speaking immigrants living in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) used thehistory and memory of World War II to mobilize their community from2014–21, what forms of war commemoration they performed, and what thesecommemoration practices meant for the community and the individuals whoparticipated in them. The commemorative practices and performances in theGTA’s Russian-speaking community remained controversial as they borrowedextensively from Soviet and post-Soviet political imagery and rituals, yet, as Iargue in this article, political activism of Russian-speaking immigrants was alsoinformed by Canadian multiculturalism policies and international politicaldiscourses and was intimately linked to their demands for full citizenship andcultivation of their identities in Canadian society.
Labours of Representation: A Bosnian Workers’ Movement and the Possibilities of Collaborative Graphic Ethnography
Authors: Gilbert Andrew , Kurtovic Larisa
Published: May 2022

Collaborative graphic ethnography can generate new ways of identifying, materializing, and documenting political possibility in what otherwise seems like an overdetermined world, and in doing so, offers a model for practicing anthropology differently. We come to these insights through our work in the embattled Bosnian detergent factory “Dita,” located on the outskirts of the post-industrial city of Tuzla, whose workers scored an unprecedented victory when they managed to preserve their factory and restart production despite the threat of bankruptcy and liquidation. In researching and telling the story of their struggle and victory through this innovative format, we build upon the historical popularity of comics in former Yugoslavia, as well as contemporary experimentation with the form among anti-corruption activists in Bosnia-Herzegovina. We explore ethnographic and political affordances of sequential art and the graphic form for an engaged or activist anthropology, including its capacity to visualize and materialize the immaterial and overlooked aspects of politics, mitigate anthropology’s extractivist tendencies, enlist the imagination and participation of readers in directions both hoped for and unanticipated, and engage and animate multiple local and international publics.
A Systematic Review of Interventions Used to Reduce University Students’ Speaking Anxiety
Authors: Elahemer Hana Hossen M , Said Seriaznita Binti Haji Mat
Published: May 2022

Despite a growing body of research, Speaking Anxiety (SA) reduction has been a prominent issue in Second/Foreign Language (S/FL) learning, especially among undergraduate students. The complexity and variety of features of Speaking Anxiety Interventions (SAI) make the synthesis and application of their findings in practice challenging. This study systematically reviews the existing evidence on SAI between January 2015 and mid-June 2021 to summarize and clarify the field’s current state and offer directions for future research in the context of undergraduate learners. Seven established inclusion criteria were used to select studies. The study identified 2280 potentially eligible studies through Scopus, WOS, and Science Direct, 16 of which were eventually included. The studies applied a range of methodological designs and different types of interventions with various durations. This systematic review resulted in two main categories of SAI, namely direct and indirect, according to the mechanism used to intervene with SA. In addition to exploring innovative methods to promote effective SAI, future research should examine the cause of SA and learners’ speaking English proficiency levels before selecting or applying any SA reduction approach that may significantly impact the success or failure of SAI.
A review of the current status of water quality and eutrophication in Dhaka’s water bodies
Authors: Gazi-Khan Lameesa , Haque Shama E.
Published: May 2022

Purpose of the study: The study aims to provide an overview of urban water quality and the degree of eutrophication in Dhaka’s freshwater systems, and to discuss control strategies to combat eutrophication. 

Methodology: The paper systematically reviews available scholarly and non-scholarly materials, and summarizes the findings from recent field investigations. This review paper is based on data and information collected from sixty-four previously published papers on the subject matter. 

Main Findings: Owing to rapid urbanization and increased industrialization, Dhaka faces various water resource management challenges and struggles to provide adequate water for its residents. Nutrient enrichment (e.g., phosphorus and nitrogen) of Dhaka’s water bodies is a serious threat to overall water quality. Future climate conditions are expected to create favourable conditions for algal and potentially toxic cyanobacteria growth in water bodies.

Applications of this study: The findings of the review may be used to identify in situ treatment technologies for the remediation of Dhaka’s water bodies. The gathered information may also aid in implementing and enforcing water pollution regulations, and provide a coordinated focus for environmental policy.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The study highlights the potential consequences of changing climate on the water environment of Dhaka, with a specific emphasis on water quality and nutrient pollution. The paper summarizes the current knowledge of the possible effects of changing climate in Dhaka’s water bodies and presents measures to control eutrophication.
Growth of internodes and branching of a tomato plant
Authors: Korol V. G.
Published: May 2022

Relevance. A significant influence on the use of the volume of greenhouses by a tomato plant is its height, which consists of the length of the internodes of monopodial and sympodial shoots. The use of the volume of greenhouses in the cultivation of tomato crops is a relevant and important topic. Currently, tomatoes are grown in greenhouses of various heights and designs. Greenhouses of different sizes, heights and types of cover are used in a farmer's market. And here the height of tomato plants is of decisive importance. Mostly indeterminate plants are grown, limiting their growth to a certain number of inflorescences, less often determinant plants. When grown in modern industrial greenhouses and the vegetation period is 1012 months a year, preference is given to tall indeterminate tomato hybrids that have almost continuous growth due to the formation of more and more sympodial shoots and high yield potential.Methods. The studies were carried out in a winter glazed greenhouse. The tomato culture was grown in an extended rotation (from January to November) on a coconut substrate with drip irrigation. Tomato hybrids of domestic and foreign selection with determinant and indeterminate types of growth were grown. Phytocenosis density is 2.8 plants/m2, from April to September it thickened up to 3.4 plants/m2 due to the formation of additional shoots. All observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Results. The variety grown in protected ground depends on the growing conditions. A pattern was established for the length of the internodes of sympodial shoots in indeterminate tomato hybrids, the third internode is longer than the first two. The correlation coefficient between the length of the sympodial shoot and the length of the third internode is 0.85 points. The enhanced growth of the last internode is caused by the growth of the shoot of the next order. In this case, the removal of the leaf above the inflorescence is 2-5 cm. The correlation coefficient between the length of the third internode and the removal of the leaf above the inflorescence is 0.71 points. A pattern was established for the length of the leaves and the development of stepchildren in the sympodial shoot.
Solution of the Nonaxisymmetric Elastostatic Problem for a Transversely Isotropic Body of Revolution
Authors: Ivanychev D.A.
Published: May 2022

The paper investigates the elastic equilibrium of transversely isotropic bodies of revolution under the action of stationary surface forces distributed according to the cyclic law. The proposed method for constructing the stress-strain state is a development of the method of boundary states. The method is based on the concept of spaces of internal and boundary states conjugated by an isomorphism. Bases of state spaces are formed and orthonormalized. The desired state is expanded in a series by the elements of the orthonormal basis, and the Fourier coefficients, which are quadratures, of this linear combination are calculated. The basis of the internal state space relies on the general solution of the problem of plane deformation of a transversely isotropic body and the formulas for the transition to a spatial state, the components of which depend on three coordinates. Scalar products in state spaces represent the internal energy of elastic deformation and the work of surface forces on the displacements of the boundary points. The study introduces the solution of the main mixed problem for a circular cylinder made of transversely isotropic siltstone with the axis of anisotropy coinciding with the geometric axis of symmetry. The solution is analytical and the characteristics of the stress-strain state have a polynomial form. The paper presents explicit and indirect signs of convergence of problem solutions and graphically visualizes the results
Audyt zarządzania ryzykiem w instytucjach finansowych
Authors: Solarz Jan K.
Published: May 2022

Stabilizowanie systemu finansowego po rozległych zaburzeniach w jego funkcjonowaniu wymaga wzmocnienia roli ładu korporacyjnego oraz audytu zarządzania ryzykiem instytucji, instrumentów i rynków finansowych. Liczne lekcje z globalnego kryzysu finansowego dotyczące prewencji i zarządzania ryzykiem systemowym zostały scalone w koncepcję piramidy audytu zarządzania ryzykiem instytucji finansowych.
Jak wzmocnić władztwo korporacyjne w bankach?
Authors: Marcinkowska Monika
Published: May 2022

Słabość i nieskuteczność mechanizmów władztwa korporacyjnego w bankach są wymieniane jako główne czynniki, które doprowadziły do kryzysu finansowego „subprime”. Aby wzmocnić stabilność sektora finansowego konieczne są głębokie zmiany w tym obszarze. Artykuł wskazuje kluczowe elementy, co do których postulowane są reformy: zadania, skład i odpowiedzialność rady banku, zarządzanie ryzykiem, motywacyjne wynagradzanie kierownictwa, transparentność; zwraca też uwagę na odpowiedzialność interesariuszy banku.
Problematyka skutecznego nadzoru właścicielskiego przedsiębiorstw sektora publicznego w świetle teorii praw własności
Authors: Barwacz Kazimierz
Published: May 2022

W artykule zaprezentowano wybrane aspekty skuteczności polityki ekonomicznej państwa w kontekście sprawowanego nadzoru właścicielskiego oraz przedstawiono specyfikę nadzoru korporacyjnego przedsiębiorstw sektora publicznego na tle teorii praw własności. Ponadto przedstawiono fragment wyników badań empirycznych dotyczących efektywności wybranych mechanizmów nadzoru właścicielskiego przedsiębiorstw komunalnych w kontekście ich uczestnictwa w gospodarce rynkowej. W końcowej części artykułu omówiono kierunki doskonalenia nadzoru korporacyjnego tych przedsiębiorstw.
Przedstawiciele pracowników w radach nadzorczych spółek
Authors: Wratny Jerzy
Published: May 2022

W artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę prawną i funkcje spełniane przez przedstawicieli pracowników w radach nadzorczych spółek powstałych w wyniku komercjalizacji i prywatyzacji przedsiębiorstw państwowych w Polsce. Analizę tej instytucji w kontekście prawa polskiego i praktyki przedsiębiorstw poprzedzono nawiązaniem do niemieckiej koncepcji "Mitbestimmung" oraz do prawa wspólnotowego dotyczącego uczestnictwa pracowników w organach nadzoru w spółkach europejskich (SE), spółdzielniach europejskich (SCE) oraz w spółkach powstałych z transgranicznego łączenia się spółek.
Akcje uprzywilejowane co do głosu w spółkach giełdowych
Authors: Adamska Agata
Published: May 2022

W artykule analizowana jest problematyka akcji uprzywilejowanych co do głosu, jednego z mechanizmów lewarowania kontroli najczęściej wykorzystywanego w spółkach publicznych w Polsce. Analiza stanu prawnego obowiązującego w tym zakresie w różnych krajach, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Polski, posłużyła do stworzenia tła dla pogłębionej analizy rozwiązań stosowanych przez spółki notowane na GPW w Warszawie.
In vitro Sensitivity of Commonly Used Antibiotics in Cattle of Kashmir Valley
Authors: Akhoon Z.A. , Shaheen M. , Muhee A. , Hussain S.A. , Mir A.Q. , Makhdoomi D.M. , Pampori Z.A. , Kamil S.A. , Irshad Snober
Published: May 2022

Background: Antibiotic sensitivity testing is a very important tool in the hands of a clinician to evaluate the sensitivity of the pathogen involved in a disease. It is an important aspect of rational use of antibiotics thus minimizing the risk of occurrence of drug residues in animal foods like milk and meat. Methods: The samples from mastitic milk and respiratory and urinary samples from the cattle having the respective infections collected from Veterinary Clinical Complex, FVSc Shuhama from July 2021 to January, 2022 were subjected to in vitro antibacterial sensitivity testing to six commonly used antibiotics viz. gentamicin, enrofloxacin, tetracycline, streptomycin, ceftriaxone and pencillin. Result: A total of 30 mastitic milk samples, 8 from respiratory infections and 6 from urinary infections were studied. The drug gentamicin proved to be most efficacious against these infections while the drug pencillin proved to be most resistant. Gentamicin proved to be 73.34% efficacious while Pencillin proved to be only 6.67% efficacious in mastitic milk sample from cattle.
Sun-dried Stylo Hay (Stylosanthes guianensis CIAT 184) as Dietary Fibre Source in Rabbits
Authors: Kouadio K.S. , Yapi Y.M. , Kimse M. , Alla K.J.B. , Gidenne T. , Wandan E.N.
Published: May 2022

Background: In West Africa, one of the main problem of rabbit production is the lack of fibre-balanced feeds available at remunerative price, as the supply of fibrous raw material remains difficult. Expensive fibrous raw materials imported from temperate countries are the most fibre source used in rabbit feed formulation. This study aimed to assess the nutritive value and the potential use of Stylosanthes guianensis CIAT 184, a local fodder, as dietary fibre source in rabbit feed. Methods: Four diets containing an inclusion of Stylo hay: 0% (control, SH0), 15% (SH15), 30% (SH30) and 45% (SH45) as a substitute for the control diet (33.3 g NDF and 170 g CP/kg) were studied. Four groups of 12 rabbits, individually caged, were fed ad libitum the 4 diets, from weaning (35 days) to 78 days age. Result: Replacing up to 45% the basal diet with Stylo hay reduced nutrients digestibility (P less than 0.001). The digestible protein (DP) contain of Stylo hay was 36±0.57 g/kg DM. The inclusion of Stylo up to 30% in the diet improved animals growth rate compared to the control diet. Health status and slaughter traits were not affected by Stylo incorporation. It was concluded that sun-dried Stylo hay could be considered as a good fibre source in the complete pellet feed for rabbits in West Africa.
Financial resources, eco-innovation and sustainability performance in automotive industry
Authors: Maldonado-Guzmán Gonzalo , Pinzón-Castro Sandra Yesenia
Published: May 2022

Eco-innovation is considered in the literature as one of the most important constructs that substantially improve the environmental sustainability of manufacturing companies. However, it has been shown that companies alone cannot adequately develop eco-innovation activities, to achieve not only a higher level of eco-innovation activities, but also a significant improvement in the level of sustainable performance of manufacturing firms. In addition, little is known about the relationship between financial resources, eco-innovation and sustainable performance fill this gap in the literature and explore the relationship between these three main constructs through an extensive review of the literature. Likewise, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 460 through confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation models. The results obtained suggest that financial resources have significant positive effects on eco-innovation, and eco-innovation has significant positive effects on the sustainable performance of firms in the automotive industry
What drives project management success in developing countries? The case of Ghana
Authors: Amoah Armstrong , Berbegal-Mirabent Jasmina , Marimon Frederic
Published: May 2022

Many projects in developing countries (DCs) have been recognised as crucial forces for poverty reduction and making people’s lives easier. Despite their relevance, projects in these countries typically fail or are abandoned before completion. Recent calls suggest that projects in DCs are multifaceted, interdependent and of a complex nature; consequently, they are influenced by various factors that are specific to these territories, requiring new research efforts that delve deeper into the particularities of this specific setting. Literature on project management success (PMS) in DCs is very limited, and the existing attempts either rely on PMS factors for developed countries and/or use conventional variable-oriented analyses that are not transferrable to the context of DCs. Aiming to shed new light on the factors that shape PMS in DCs, this study examines both the configurational and the independent influence of three factors that have been emphasised in PM literature as determinants of PMS. To achieve this objective, a survey was conducted among 215 project manager practitioners in Ghana. First, we validate the factors’ structure obtained from literature. Next, we examine the configurational influence of these factors on PMS in DCs, complementing the findings with robustness checks. Our results support the existence of distinct pathways, suggesting that there is no unique recipe, but different strategies that can be followed. The study concludes with a series of recommendations that are expected to help engineers and project managers in DCs understand and deal with project management challenges.
Measuring the credibility of consumer-generated media (CGM): a scale to test credibility in the field of tourism
Authors: Castano Ricardo , Escandon-Barbosa Diana
Published: May 2022

This research proposes a scale to measure the credibility of consumer-generated media (CGM). Two studies were carried out: first, a qualitative study based on eleven in-depth interviews with experts in tourism decisions; and second, we ran a quantitative analysis on a sample of 300 frequent users of tourism CGM platforms. The resulting scale, which consists of 4 dimensions and 12 items, is used to measure the credibility of information published in the tourism CGM platforms. The scale was tested for its dimensionality, reliability, and validity; and the results corroborate its accuracy and value as a source of information for travel decision-making. Finally, future lines of research are presented
Impacto del COVID-19 en la cadena de suministros: metodologías y estrategias aplicadas por las empresas antes y durante la pandemia
Authors: Hasbum Ivannia , Arévalo-Pena Jimena , Brenes-Rojas Adrián Andrés , Chavarría-Cordero Roldan , Leiva-Chinchilla María Eugenia , Sánchez-Tobal Fernando , Valerio-Zúñiga Juan Pablo , Víquez-Dormond Luis Felipe
Published: May 2022

La presente investigación describe las diversas metodologías, métodos o estrategias empresariales implementadas tradicionalmente, así como las usadas para hacer frente a la pandemia global de la COVID-19 en el control de la cadena de suministros. Algunos métodos de control de inventario utilizados por las empresas previo a la aparición de la COVID-19 son negociación de alta frecuencia, procedimientos operativos estándar como FIFO y LIFO, punto de reorden, planificación de ventas y operaciones y la planificación de necesidades de material impulsada por demanda. El estudio del panorama empresarial actual y su respuesta ante los cambios instaurados tras la aparición del COVID-19 arrojan resultados que convergen en la implementación de redes de suministro digital con mecanismos como nearshoring, torres de control, planificación de escenarios, gestión de riesgos de la cadena de suministros, así como la ampliación de la misma a un número mayor de proveedores y el desarrollo de modelos de pronósticos basados en la demanda real y delimitados al corto plazo. La situación de pandemia global trajo consigo medidas sanitarias restrictivas para el comercio y producción industrial, estas han obligado a las empresas a adaptarse a un ritmo vertiginoso, este proceso ha sido posible gracias a la tecnología que permite la digitalización del proceso de control de inventario permitiendo la colaboración, receptividad, agilidad, optimización y visibilidad total.
Impulso de la industria 4.0 en épocas de COVID-19: caso de las empresas tecnológicas costarricenses
Authors: Silva-Atencio Gabriel , Umaña-Ramírez Mauricio , Valverde-Porras Marian Paola
Published: May 2022

Las organizaciones tecnológicas costarricenses deben aprovechar las oportunidades que brinda el desarrollo de la cuarta revolución industrial, tomando en cuenta los desafíos que existen en Latinoamérica y el impacto de elementos aceleradores. La presente investigación es de tipo cualitativa en la cual se exploran diversas fuentes de información y se analizan para lograr tener una perspectiva general sobre la Industria 4.0. Los resultados indican que Costa Rica tiene un rol de líder en la región y posee el apoyo de las diversas áreas del país, para continuar en la dirección correcta e impulsar la industria nacional. Se concluye que la pandemia generada por el COVID-19 a pesar de crear una gran crisis y ser un actual desafío en diferentes sectores, debe ser tomada como una oportunidad de crecimiento de las empresas del sector de las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación.
AGRINNOVACIÓN 4.0: Herramienta metodológica de clasificación para determinación de áreas de producción de cultivos de ciclo corto
Authors: Serrano-Núñez Valeria , Guillén-Rivera Sergio , Watson-Hernández Fernando , Solórzano-Quintana Milton , Gomez-Calderon Natalia
Published: May 2022

El Plan Nacional para el Mejoramiento de la Productividad y la Sostenibilidad del Sector Agrícola pretende ser aplicado de forma escalonada a todo el país, bajo el nombre de AGRINNOVACION 4.0 para impulsar la recuperación económica y la generación de empleo posterior a la pandemia del COVID-19. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar información geoespacial de los productores del programa AGRINNOVACIÓN 4.0 utilizando la plataforma gratuita Google Earth Engine (GEE), con el fin de establecer la base del catastro digital agrícola de la Zona Norte de Cartago y contar con un sistema de información geográfica para la aplicación de tecnologías de alta precisión, como base del modelo de identificación de zonas productivas con cultivos de ciclo corto desarrollado en la Zona Norte de Cartago. Se generó una metodología de adquisición de datos utilizando sistemas de información geográfica y técnicas de aprendizaje automático (Random Forest), con buenos resultados de ajuste. Para la zona en estudio, es imperante que se reduzca la información afectada por nubosidad para hacer la clasificación de tierras de uso hortícola lo mas precisa posible. La herramienta es replicable y constituye un apoyo en el éxito del plan para las etapas posteriores.
Evaluación de la implementación de enseñanza remota de emergencia durante el contexto COVID-19: un caso de estudio en asignaturas de laboratorio de química en una institución de educación superior
Authors: Villalobos-González Wendy , Mora-Barrantes José Carlos , Hernández-Chaverri Rodolfo , Villalobos-Forbes Mario
Published: May 2022

La Enseñanza Remota de Emergencia (ERE) es una forma de aprendizaje que implica el uso de soluciones de enseñanza totalmente a distancia, que, de otro modo, se impartirían presencialmente o como recursos combinados o híbridos, los cuales deben regresar al formato original una vez que la crisis o emergencia que los origina cesa. En el presente trabajo de investigación se desarrolló una Estrategia Remota de Emergencia en los Laboratorios (EREL) bajo el concepto de Modelo de Laboratorio Extendido (LE), con el fin de ser aplicado y evaluado en las asignaturas que implican laboratorios de experimentación Química en la Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica (UNED-CR).  El proyecto evaluó la efectividad de la EREL a partir de la perspectiva de la persona estudiante, la perspectiva de la persona docente y del desarrollo de prácticas presenciales. De acuerdo con la percepción del estudiantado, las prácticas caseras son las que colaboraron en mayor medida (más efectiva) para la comprensión de los fenómenos químicos presentados en la asignatura. No obstante, de acuerdo con la percepción de la persona docente, el estudiante debe mejorar en aspectos como la manipulación de sustancias químicas de forma segura y el uso correcto de instrumentos de laboratorio, así como el desarrollo de habilidades y técnicas de laboratorio. La EREL en el contexto COVID-19 es valorada positivamente por el equipo docente y la población estudiantil, sin embargo, se determinó que con una sola sesión presencial los estudiantes no adquieren las habilidades técnicas básicas de las asignaturas con laboratorio, por lo que es indispensable retomar la presencialidad y utilizar los recursos del Manual de Prácticas Remotas (MPR) de forma complementaria en las asignaturas.
Refugee and Mixed Migration Displacement from Afghanistan
Authors: Avis William
Published: May 2022

This rapid literature review summarises evidence and key lessons that exist regarding previous refugee and mixed migration displacement from Afghanistan to surrounding countries. The review identified a diverse literature that explored past refugee and mixed migration, with a range of quantitative and qualitative studies identified. A complex and fluid picture is presented with waves of mixed migration (both outflow and inflow) associated with key events including the: Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989); Afghan Civil War (1992–96); Taliban Rule (1996–2001); War in Afghanistan (2001–2021). A contextual picture emerges of Afghans having a long history of using mobility as a survival strategy or as social, economic and political insurance for improving livelihoods or to escape conflict and natural disasters. Whilst violence has been a principal driver of population movements among Afghans, it is not the only cause. Migration has also been associated with natural disasters (primarily drought) which is considered a particular issue across much of the country – this is associated primarily with internal displacement. Further to this, COVID-19 is impacting upon and prompting migration to and from Afghanistan. Data on refugee and mixed migration movement is diverse and at times contradictory given the fluidity and the blurring of boundaries between types of movements. Various estimates exist for numbers of Afghanistan refugees globally. It is also important to note that migratory flows are often fluid involving settlement in neighbouring countries, return to Afghanistan. In many countries, Afghani migrants and refugees face uncertain political situations and have, in recent years, been ‘coerced’ into returning to Afghanistan with much discussion of a ‘return bias’ being evident in official policies. The literature identified in this report (a mix of academic, humanitarian agency and NGO) is predominantly focused on Pakistan and Iran with a less established evidence base on the scale of Afghan refugee and migrant communities in other countries in the region. . Whilst conflict has been a primary driver of displacement, it has intersected with drought conditions and poor adherence to COVID-19 mitigation protocols. Past efforts to address displacement internationally have affirmed return as the primary objective in relation to durable solutions; practically, efforts promoted improved programming interventions towards creating conditions for sustainable return and achieving improved reintegration prospects for those already returned to Afghanistan.
Evidence on the Role of Civil Society in Security and Justice Reform
Authors: Kelly Luke
Published: May 2022

This rapid review focuses on the role of civil society in SSR in several contexts. It finds that donor driven SSR is seen to have failed to include civil society, and that such efforts have been focused on training and equipping security forces. However, in some contexts, donors have been able to successfully develop civil society capacity or engage civil society groups in reforms, as in Sierra Leone. There are also several examples of security and justice reforms undertaken by local popular movements as part of regime change, namely Ethiopia and South Africa. In other contexts, such as Indonesia, the role of civil society has led to partial successes from which lessons can be drawn. The theoretical and empirical literature attributes several potential roles to civil society in SSR. These include making security and justice institutions accountable, mobilising a range of social groups for reform, publicising abuses and advocating for reform, offering technical expertise, and improving security-citizen relations. The literature also points to the inherent difficulties in implementing SSR, namely the entrenched nature of most security systems. The literature emphasises that security sector reform is a political process, as authoritarian or predatory security systems are usually backed by powerful, skilled and tenacious vested interests. Dislodging them from power therefore requires significant political will – civil society can be one part of this. The evidence base for the topic is relatively thin. While there is much literature on the theory of SSR from a donor perspective, there are fewer empirical studies. Moreover, scholars have identified relatively few successful examples of SSR. The role of civil society is found to be greater in more economically developed countries, meaning there is less discussion of the role of civil society in many African SSR contexts, for example (except to note its absence). In addition, most research discusses the role of civil society alongside that of other actors such as donors, security services or political elites, limiting analysis of the specific role of civil society.
Changing Dynamics of Constitutionalism: South Asia's Tryst with Constitution
Authors: Tripathi Neha , Kumar Anubhav
Published: May 2022

The prevailing view of the constitutional framework in South Asia is seen as secondary and subsidiary to developed constitutional systems worldwide. Meanwhile, South Asian countries have merely re-produced the constitutional framework of developed nations. The emergence and development of South Asian constitutionalism present a range of perspectives and methodological approaches that contribute to comparative constitutional law scholarship in South Asia. The overt attention toward the Western notion of liberalism has often led to an incomplete and unclear approach to South Asian constitutionalism. The paper aimed to explore the elements of South Asian constitutionalism alongside underlying socio-economic and political discourse surrounding its contemporary understanding. It also analyzed the role of courts in affirming and transforming South Asian constitutionalism. Instead of reviving interest in South Asia and Third World Approach to International Law, this paper showed that it is only practical and pragmatic to study constitutionalism with specific reference to the modern discourse of democracy, judicial review, separation of power, and human rights enshrined in their respective constitutions. In terms of its emergence from the colonial history and other prevalent forms of distinct cultural, social, and political practices, South Asia presented a heterogeneous experience in the light of recognition and enforcement of socio-economic rights and transformations and deviations from its past experiences.
KEYWORDS: Comparative Constitutional Law, Constitutionalism, South Asia.
Work-to-family conflict and parenting practices: Examining the role of working from home among lone and partnered working mothers
Authors: Bernhardt Janine , Recksiedler Claudia
Published: May 2022

Objective: This study investigates associations between work-to-family conflict and parenting practices among lone and partnered working mothers and the role of working from home as a potential resource gain or drain for acting empathetically and supportively towards their children.
Background: Emerging evidence suggests that work-to-family conflict reduces responsive parenting practices, yet prior studies have rarely examined disparities by family structure. Although working from home has recently gained in importance in the workforce, there is still little research on its implications for the relationship between work-to-family conflict and the quality of parenting practices. If working from home is not used to do supplemental work during overtime hours, it may free up mothers’ time and emotional resources. In turn, this may either buffer the harmful impact of work-to-family conflict on parenting practices or indirectly enhance the quality of parenting practices by reducing work-to-family conflict. This could be particularly beneficial for lone mothers, who experience more role and time strain.
Method: Analyses were based on 1,723 working mothers and their reports on 2,820 schoolchildren drawn from a German probability sample that was collected in 2019 (i.e., before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic). Using OLS regression models, we first examined whether work-to-family conflict was associated with four dimensions of verbal parenting practices (i.e., responsive and hostile communication, responsive decision-making, and school involvement at home). Second, we conducted moderation analyses to test differences by working from home (within contract hours and for supplemental work) and family structure with two-way and three-way interactions. Third, we performed mediation analyses to examine the indirect effect of working from home on each parenting dimension mediated by work-to-family conflict.
Results: Higher levels of work-to-family conflict were associated with less responsive and more hostile parenting practices. The moderation analyses did not indicate a buffering effect of working from home. Instead, the mediation analyses showed that compared to mothers who worked from home within their contract hours, those who did not work from home or who did supplemental work from home tended to report less empathic parenting practices transmitted through higher levels of work-to-family conflict. Results showed no significant associations for mothers’ school involvement at home. Furthermore, no major differences emerged between lone and partnered mothers.
Conclusion: Our pre-pandemic results challenge the buffering hypothesis and suggest that working from home can be either a resource gain or drain for the mother-child relationship regardless of family structure, but depending on mothers’ opportunity to work from home within the scope of contract hours.
Mit konfessioneller Kooperation zum Abitur?
Authors: Hiller Simone , Schnabel-Henke Hanne
Published: May 2022

Ist konfessionell-kooperativer Religionsunterricht, wie ihn die Kirchen in ihren gemeinsamen Grundlagenpapieren vorsehen, in der Sekundarstufe II möglich? Obwohl konfessionell-kooperativer Religionsun­terricht seit Jahrzehnten über die Bundesrepublik Deutschland hinweg etabliert ist, blieb die gymnasiale Oberstufe bislang weitgehend außen vor. Dort sowie an berufsbildenden Schulen wurde Religionsunterricht zwar auch in konfessionell und religiös gemischten Klassen erteilt, allerdings auf Basis des Gaststatus anderskonfessioneller Schülerinnen und Schüler. Ein kirchlich initiiertes Modellprojekt an Beruflichen Gymnasien in Baden-Württemberg setzt seit dem Schuljahr 2017/2018 ein Konzept für konfessionell-kooperativen Religionsunterricht in der gymnasia­len Oberstufe um. Diese Umsetzung wurde in ihrem zweiten Jahr durch EIBOR und KIBOR evaluiert, die zum Ergebnis kommen, dass es keine ernsthaften Hinderungsgründe für einen konfessionell-kooperativen Religionsun­terricht in der gymnasialen Oberstufe gibt.
Konfessionell-kooperativen Religionsunterricht empirisch erforschen
Authors: Riegel Ulrich , Schweitzer Friedrich
Published: May 2022

Die empirische Untersuchung des konfessionell-kooperativen Religionsunterrichts unterliegt den üblichen methodischen Standards empirischen Forschens. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Designs und die qualitativen und quantitativen Methoden der bisherigen Studien zu dieser Organisationsform des Fachs Religi­on. Dabei wird deutlich, dass sowohl einfache wie auch komplexe Untersuchungsdesigns zur Anwendung kom­men, ohne dass ein systematischer Zusammenhang mit dem bildungswissenschaftlichen Stand der Forschung er­kennbar ist. Bei den Methoden kann ein Trend von einem Schwerpunkt auf qualitativen Methoden hin zu einem Schwerpunkt auf quantitativen Methoden festgehalten werden, der mit dem religionspädagogischen Erkenntnis­stand korrespondiert. Vor allem bei den quantitativen Methoden ergibt sich das Desiderat psychometrisch abgesi­cherter Instrumente und Designs, die komplexere, in den Bildungswissenschaften mittlerweile gängige Auswer­tungsverfahren erlauben.
Befunde zum Lernen und Lerneffekt im konfessionell-kooperativen Religionsunterricht
Authors: Zimmermann Mirjam , Riegel Ulrich
Published: May 2022

Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über Wirkungen und Lerneffekte des konfessionell-koope­rativen Religionsunterrichts (kokoRU). Dafür werden in einem ersten Schritt in religionspädagogischer und didak­tischer Literatur theoretisch benannte Zielvorstellungen zusammengetragen und kategorisiert. Nach einer kurzen Beschreibung der Methoden, anhand derer dieses Lernens bislang untersucht wurde, werden diese dann mit den empirisch untersuchten Zielen in vorliegenden kokoRU-Studien aus Eltern-, Lehrkräfte- und der Perspektive der Schülerinnen und Schüler abgeglichen. Als Ergebnis wird fast durchgängig festgehalten, dass das konfessionsspe­zifische Wissen zunimmt. Wie und ob konfessionsbezogene Einstellungen, Entscheidungsfähigkeit und die Fähig­keit zum Perspektivenwechsel sich verändern, ist dagegen nicht klar feststellbar.
Wie der konfessionelle Religionsunterricht vor Ort gestaltet wird
Authors: Simojoki Henrik , Lindner Konstantin , Pflaum Laura , Endres Magdalena
Published: May 2022

In Deutschland folgt die Implementierung des konfessionell-kooperativen Religionsunter­richts bislang meist einer Top-down-Logik. Besonders für das variantenreiche und schulorganisatorisch anspruchs­volle Feld der beruflichen Bildung lohnt sich jedoch die Betrachtung eines Bottom-up-Zugangs, bei dem in Orientie­rung an lokalen Organisationspraktiken des Religionsunterrichts auf Schulebene passende Gestaltungsformen ent­wickelt werden, welche die kontextuellen Herausforderungen „vor Ort“ berücksichtigen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein solcher Bottom-up-Zugang präsentiert, der auf qualitativ-empirische Befunde der wissenschaftlichen Be­gleitforschung zum StReBe-Schulprojekt aufbaut. Dabei werden zentrale Herausforderungen konturiert, die sich im Rahmen einer empirisch gestützten und mehrperspektivisch angelegten Bestandsaufnahme im Dialog mit zent­ralen Schul-Akteur*innen vor Ort als leitend für die Organisation von Religionsunterricht an Berufsschulen erwei­sen. Wenngleich die Implementierung eines konfessionell-kooperativen Religionsunterrichts kein lineares Ziel die­ses Schulprojekts darstellt, so zeigen die Befunde das Potenzial kooperativer Organisationsformen, insofern diese dazu beitragen, die organisatorische Komplexität des Religionsunterrichts an Berufsschulen zu reduzieren.
Religiöser Pluralität Raum geben
Authors: Medeni Elif , Garcia Sobreira-Majer Alfred , Krobath Thomas
Published: May 2022

Der konfessionelle Religionsunterricht an staatlichen Schulen in Österreich stellt mit seiner rechtlichen Verankerung und konfessionell-religiösen Vielfalt ein Spezifikum dar. Im Zuge der PädagogInnenbil­dung NEU wurde die Ausbildung von Religionslehrer*innen grundlegend reformiert, was insbesondere Auswir­kungen auf die Ausbildungsgänge der Minderheitenreligionen hatte. Religion wird zu einem von mehreren Wahl­schwerpunkten innerhalb der neuen erweiterten Bachelorstudien für das Lehramt Primarstufe. Die KPH Wien/ Krems, welche eine ökumenische und interreligiöse Zusammenarbeit mit anderen Konfessionen und Religionen bereits zuvor pflegte, wurde im Zuge dessen zu einem Ort der interkonfessionellen und interreligiösen Lehrer*in­nenbildung. Der Beitrag diskutiert Chancen und Herausforderungen einer interreligiös angelegten Lehrer*innen­bildung. Hierzu werden zunächst die Genese der ökumenischen und interreligiösen Ausrichtung der KPH Wien/ Krems skizziert und die rechtlichen und institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen dargelegt. Im Rahmen der professio­nellen Ausbildung von Lehrer*innen an der KPH wurde ein Modell des interreligiösen Begegnungslernens ent­wickelt, welches mit seinen wesentlichen Phasen dargestellt wird. Abschließend werden die Auswirkungen der PädagogInnenbildung NEU sowie die Grenzen und Herausforderungen einer interreligiös angelegten Lehrer*in­nenbildung diskutiert.
Simojoki, Henrik / Schweitzer, Friedrich / Hennings, Julia / Mautz, Jana-Raissa (2021). Professionalisierung des Religionslehrerberufs. Analysen im Schnittfeld von Lehrerbildung, Professionswissen und Professionalisierung. Paderborn: Brill/Schöningh. ISBN 978-3-506-76056-2. 619 Seiten.
Authors: Roggenkamp Antje
Published: May 2022

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Büttner, Gerhard / Reis, Oliver (2020). Modelle als Wege des Theologisierens. Religionsunterricht besser planen und durchführen. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 978-3-525-70300-7. 292 Seiten.
Authors: Ricken Lukas
Published: May 2022

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Hilpert, Anne (2021). Tanz im Dazwischen. Neuformulierung einer performativen Religionsdidaktik (Religionspädagogik innovativ 36). Stuttgart: Kohlhammer. ISBN 978-3-17-039648-7. 346 Seiten.
Authors: Leonhard Silke
Published: May 2022

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Uppenkamp, Vera (2021). Kinderarmut und Religionsunterricht. Armutssensibilität als religionspädagogische Herausforderung (Religionspädagogik innovativ 42). Stuttgart: Kohlhammer. ISBN 978-3-17-041060-2. 433 Seiten.
Authors: Burke Rebekka
Published: May 2022

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Higher Education Students' Perceptions of E-Learning Quality
Authors: Amer Talal Shaban , Musawi Ali Sharaf Al , Muhammad Azzam Abdul-Nabi
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of e-learning provision at Sultan Qaboos University, Oman, from the students’ perspective. The study employed a 48-item survey comprising six domains of e-learning provision. The questionnaire was administered to a sample of 1,858 male and female students across all colleges. The results revealed that the quality of the e-learning provision in four of the domains was at an intermediate level. The results also showed statistically significant differences in the third domain (System Effectiveness) in favor of male students, whereas there were no statistically significant differences in the other domains or the overall score. The findings of the study lead to a set of recommendations that may help to contribute to the dissemination and improvement of e-learning culture in general and its quality in particular, as well as furthering its integration in the educational process.