bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RADIAL DISTRIBUTION AND TIME VARIATION OF GAS TEMPERATURE IN CuBr LASERS
Authors: CHENG CHENG  , SUN WEI  ,   (1)杭州师范学院物理系,杭州310012; (2)浙江大学物理系,杭州310027
Published: December 2020

The radial distribution and time varidtion of gas temperature and atom density in a CuBr laser are obtained by using a consistent model and the experimental data of plasma electron temperature and density in the pulse period. The central tas temperature, the fluctuation of which is 300—500 K following the time change, is 1400—800 K. The gas atom density exhibits a concave profile in radial direction.
FULLY SELF-CONSISTENT CALCULATION OF POSITRON STATES OF MONOVACANCY IN ALUMINUM
Authors: WANG XIAO-GANG  ,   湖南师范大学物理系,长沙410006
Published: December 2020

The discrete variational method and embedded-cluster model within the framework of the two-component density functional theory and firstprinciple method are used to calculate the positron states of monovacancy in aluminum. The effect of the crystal field in which the cluster is embedded, magnitude of the cluster and frozen-core density approximation on the distribution of positron density and the positron annihilation characteristics are analyzed. The influence of the fully self-consistent scheme and the conventional scheme on the calculation of positron states in solids is discussed.
TWO-PARAMETER SOLITON CELLULAR AUTOMATA
Authors: CHEN LU-JUN  , LIANG CHANG-HONG  ,   西安电子科技大学,西安710071
Published: December 2020

A two-parameter soliton cellular automata is proposed. The algebraic expression of soli-ton velocity and soliton fission condition are given. The interaction behavions of solitons and a number of conservative quantities of the system is well analyzed. A new concept, called ‘essential soliton', is introduced and discussed and the application of the properties of the conservative quantities is exhibited.
A NEW METHOD TO SOLVE THE S = l/2 HEISENBERG SPIN CHAIN
Authors: LIN NIAN  , YU ZU-RONG  ,   同济大学物理系,上海200092
Published: December 2020

We present a new approach which is completely based on the permutation group theory to solve the eigenvalue problem of the S = 1/2 Heisenberg finite-chain with free-ends boundary. All of the eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenstates are obtained. The properties of the ground state and the low-lying excited states of the antiferromagnetic chain are examined.
EFFECT OF LIGHT POLARIZATION IN SLIT DIFFRACTION
Authors: XIE JIAN-PING  , CHEN FENG-HUA  , REN BAO-RUI  , MING HAI  , NIU YA-PING  , LI CHUAN-QI  , S. OZON  ,   (1)日本东京大学工学部,日本东京113; (2)中国科学技术大学精密机械系,合肥230026; (3)中国科学技术大学物理系,合肥230026
Published: December 2020

In Fraunhofer diffraction of a slit, the slit widths obtained with the fringes produced by polarized light whose vibration is parallel or perpendicular to the slit edge are different. The experimental results about this polarization effect are firstly given. The physical reason of the effect is analysed with boundary diffraction wave. Good coincidence between theory and experiment is achieved.
STATISTICAL PROPERTIES OF SU(1,1) COHERENT STATES OF LIGHT AND ITS INFLUENCE ON DYNAMICAL BEHAVIORS OF THE ATOM
Authors: LU HONG  , PENG JIN-SHENG  ,   (1)激光技术国家重点实验室,华中师范大学物理系,湖南常德师范专科学校物理系; (2)激光技术国家重点实验室,华中师范大学物理系,中国高等科学技术中心(世界实验室)
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we study the properties of two kinds of SU(1,1) coherent states of light with Bargman index k=1/4 and k=3/4 and show that they posses different quantum statistical properties. The atomic dynamical behavior in a two-photon Jaynes-Cummings model with initial SU(1,1)coherent state field are discussed. We show that the time evolution of atomic inversion displays peculiar periodic oscillation and pulse which are very different from coherent states of light.
PROPERTIES OF INTERFACE OF a-Si:H/a-SiCx: H SUPERLATTICE
Authors: CHEN GUANG-HUA  , GUO YONG-PING  , YAO JIANG-HONG  , SONG ZHI-ZHONG  , ZHANG FANG-QING  ,   兰州大学物理系
Published: December 2020

The a-Si: H/a-SiCx: H superlattices were fabricated by r. f. plasma CVD. The blue shift of optical bandgap and construction of the superlattices were present. The interface abruptness was determined by low-angle X-ray diffraction. The constant photocurrent method and IR measurement showed that there existed excess hydrogen and high concentration of Si-C bonds at a-Si:H/a-SiCx:H interfaces. The thermal stability of interfacial hydrogen was poor. The interfacial defect density was about １．２×１０１１ｃｍ-2.
STATIC DYON BLACK HOLE FOR COUPLED SU(5) EYMH SYSTEM
Authors: JING JI-LIANG  , YU HONG-WEI  , WANG YONG-JIU  , TANG ZHI-MING  ,   湖南师范大学物理研究所物理系
Published: December 2020

Coupled SU(5) Einstein-Yang-Mills-Higgs system is studied. A family of static spherical symmetric dyon soiutions and the space-time metrics of the Reissner-Nord-strom type are obtained. The solutions represent static dyon black holes with ma gnetic charge ±3/2e.
X-RAY DIFFRACTION PHASE DEPTH PROFILING FOR POLYCRYSTAL WITH CONTINUOUS PHASE DEPTH DISTRIBUTION
Authors: LUO JIAN  , YAN HONG  , TAO KUN  ,   清华大学材料科学研究所,北京100084
Published: December 2020

A new X-ray powder diffraction method is reported to test phase depth distribution quantitatively and non-destructively. In case of the incident angle is larger than the total reflection critical angle, it is possible to quantitatively measure the polycrystalline phase depth profile in real scale. It can be used to the sample of continuous phase depth distribution. The method was verified with computer simulation and experiment of practical sample.
INVESTIGATION OF ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE PARAMETERS AND LATTICE IMPURITY IN Na_2ZnCl_4·3H_2O:Mn~(2+)
Authors: WANG JUN-ZHONG  , ZHANG YONG-ZHAO  , ZHANG SHU-YAN  , YANG ZI-YUAN  , YU WAN-LUN  ,   (1)宝鸡文理学院物理系,宝鸡721007; (2)邯郸师范专科学校物理系,邯郸056004; (3)河北煤炭建工学院基础部,邯郸056038; (4)四川师范大学物理系,成都610066
Published: December 2020

In present paper, we proposed a new assumption that the O2- ion replaced the Cl- ion on the trigonal axis. On this basis, the EPR parameters D, a and gn were calculated. The results agree well with the experiments. The effects of uniaxial stress dD/dp and da/dp were also explained. This indicated that the assumption is reasonable.
A LOCAL MODE APPROACH TO MOLECULAR VIBRATION ROTATION SPECTROSCOPY OF LOCAL MODE VIBRATIONAL STATES
Authors: WANG XIAO-GANG  , ZHU QING-SHI  ,   中国科学技术大学化学物理系
Published: December 2020

We have developed a method to evaluate the effective vibration rotation parameter using the wavefunction from the local mode model, on the basis of the wavefunction equivalence of the two models describing the stretching overtone——the NMDD normal mode model and HCAO local mode model. By using this approach, an improved “α-relation” is derived, which exists among the effective vibration rotation parameters of local mode vibrational state at the local mode limit.
OFFAXIAL GAUSSIAN WAVE
Authors: ZENG XIAO-DONG  , LIANG CHANG-HONG  , AN YU-YING  ,   西安电子科技大学技术物理系
Published: December 2020

Based on a rigorous far field solution of the Helmholtz equation, a new method to describe the propagation of the offaxial Gaussian wave is presented. The amplitude and phase distribution, beam spot size, divergence angle, and the relation of the conservation of energy are discussed. It is found that for any Gaussian source the maximum divergence angle is shown to be 65.5.
CALCULATION OF CRITICAL LAYER THICKNESS BY TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE THERMAL STRAIN IN Si1-xGex /Si STRAIN LAYER HETEROSTRUCTURES
Authors: HUANG JING-YUN  , YE ZHI-ZHEN  , QUE DUAN-LIN  ,   浙江大学硅材料国家重点实验室
Published: December 2020

Effect of thermal strain on growth of SiGe strained layer on Si was analysed.Formulae for critical layer thickness were obtained by considering thermal strain in energy balance under the assumption of screw dislocation energy density equal to the sum of areal strain energy density and thermal strain energy density.The relationship between the thermal expansion coefficient associated with thermal strain and Ge content x was linear.The results are in good agreement with the experimental results reported.
LOW ENERGY TRIPLE DIFFERENTIAL CROSS SECTIONS FOR ELECTRON IMPACT IONIZATION OF HELIUM
Authors: ZHANG SUI-MENG  , CHEN ZHANG-JIN  , SHI QI-CUN  , XU KE-ZUN  ,   (1)安徽省六安师范专科学校物理系; (2)中国科学技术大学近代物理系
Published: December 2020

Based on the BBK theory, the influence of momentum correlation in the final state on the triple differential cross sections (TDCS) is considered. Then the TDCS for electron impact ionization of helium at a symmetric coplanar energy sharing geometry are calculated. An excellent agreement with the recent absolute measurement of helium is found in the present calculation, compared with other theoretical models.
PHOTONIC BAND STRUCTURE OF FACE CENTERED CUBIC LATTICE IN CHIRAL MEDIUM
Authors: JIN CHONG-JUN  , QIN BAI  , YANG MIAO  , QIN RU-HU  ,   哈尔滨工业大学应用物理系
Published: December 2020

In this paper we develop the plane wave method for calculating photonic band structure in chiral medium through magnetic component, and on this basis, calculate the photonic band structure of the face centered cubic (fcc) lattice made of chiral medium. Result shows that the cut off frequency, below which no propagating modes exist, appears in the two kinds of fcc lattices, i.e.,the array of chiral “spherical atoms” in dielectric material and the array of dielectric “spherical atoms” in chiral matrix. The result is compared with that obtained through electric component, and the difference between them is discussed.
CALCULATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF POLARIZATION IN ELECTRON-ATOM(Na) COLLISION
Authors: GAO JUN-FANG  , CHENG HONG-XING  , XIAO YUAN  , PANG WEN-NING  , LONG GUI-LU  , SHANG REN-CHENG  ,   清华大学现代应用物理系，北京  100084
Published: December 2020

The differential cross-section and parameters of polarization in electron-atom(Na) collision are calculated by the Distorted Wave Method(DWM) in this work.The results are compared with those of experiment and those obtained by Convergent Closed Coupling(CCC) method.It is shown that the DWM is a reliable method with a clear model in moderate to high energy region (5—10 times of threshold energy).
STUDY OF PHOTOLUMINESCENCE SPECTRUM IN p-TYPE α-POROUS SILICON CARBIDE
Authors: DU YING-LEI  , LEE KI-HWAN  , WU BAI-MEI  , JIN YONG-YOU  ,   (1)Department of Chemistry,Kongju National University,Kongju 314-701,Korea; (2)Department of Physics,Kongju National University,Kongju 314-701,Korea; (3)中国科学技术大学基础物理中心，合肥  230026;Department of Chemistry,Kongju National University,Kongju 314-701,Korea; (4)中国科学技术大学物理系，合肥  230026
Published: December 2020

The photoluminescence (PL) spectra from p-type α-porous silicon carbides prepared under UV photo-assisted process and under dark-current condition are investigated in detail. Emission bands with peak energies of 2.35, 2.50,2.70, and 3.43 are resolved. The PL stability in time and the PL difference arising from different tuning excitation energies are studied. It is found that the PL spectra of the α-porous silicon carbide depend strongly on the preparation conditions for electrochemical etching. The PL spectrum of the sample prepared under photo-assisted process has an enhancement on the lower-energy side of the emission; on the contray, another one under dark-current condition has an enhancement at the higher energy side, and the former stability is better than the latter one, and the latter PL intensity decreases with the increase of the time in the air. The reasons about these differences are discussed.
THE PROPERTIES OF DISPLACED BINOMIAL STATES AND DISPLACED NEGATIVE BINOMIAL STATES AND THEIR INTERACTION WITH TWO-LEVEL ATOMS
Authors: WANG XIAO-GUANG  , YU RONG-JIN  , LI  WEN  ,   (1)长春大学机械工程学院,长春 130022; (2)中国科学院长春物理研究所激发态物理开放研究实验室,长春 130021; (3)中国科学院物理研究所,北京 100080；中国科学院长春物理研究所激发态物理开放研究实验室，长春 130021
Published: December 2020

In this article, we propose two new quantum field states, displaced binomial state and displaced negative binomial state. Their photon number distributions and sub-Poissonian properties are discussed. The results show that the displaced binomial state is a kind of intermediate quantum state between the coherent state and displaced number state and it may be sub-Poissonian and super-Poissonian at different parameters. The displaced negative binomial state is always super-Poissonian and is an intermediate state between coherent state and displaced Sussking-Glogower phased state. Finally, we study the dynamical evolution of atomic population inversion in the intensity-dependent interaction between these two states and two-level atoms.
STUDY ON THE HIGH-TEMPERATURE RESISTIVITY OF Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox
Authors: ZHANG LIU-WAN  , CHEN TING-GUO  ,   清华大学现代应用物理系,北京 100084
Published: December 2020

The effects of heat treatments on the resistivity of BPSCCO-2223 superconductor were studied. The anomalous behavior in high-temperature resistivity was observed. It was shown that upon annealing in N2 at high temperatures, the oxygen escaped not only from Bi-O layer but also from Cu-O layer accompanied with the movement of metal ions. The change in oxygen content and the redistri-bution of oxygen and metal atoms diversified the microstructure of BPSCCO-2223 phase.
GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE AND INTERLAYER EXCHANGE COUPLING IN THE WIRE ARRAYS OF MULTILAYER
Authors: CHEN HUI-YU  , SUN YONG  , LI ZHI-CHAO  , CHEN JIN-CHANG  , ZHENG WU  , WANG AI-LING  ,   (1)首都师范大学物理系，北京  100037; (2)中国科学技术大学物理系，合肥  230026
Published: December 2020

The room temperature magnetoresistance (MR) and hysteresis in the wire arrays of Fe/［NiFe/Cu］30 muitilayer were investigated. These arrays were fabricated by laser lithography and ion beam etching techniques. The magnetic properties of the wire array is distinctly different compared with the continous film. the maximum MR ratio is increased for some arrays, and for some other arrays this MR ratio is decreased. A marked increased in coercivity of some arrays is seen for the field applied along the wire axis, but for some other arrays the coercivity almost remains constant. These results depend on the defferene in interlayer exchange coupling for original continous films and also depend on the uniaxial anisotroy and the other change caused by the wire fabrication of array.
THE STUDY OF NANO-CRYSTALLIZATION OF Fe73.5Cu1Nb3B9Si13.5 AMORPHOUS ALLOY UNDER SHOCK WAVE
Authors: ZHOU XIAO-FENG  , LIU YING-KAI  , LIU ZUO-QUAN  , LI DE-XIU  ,   (1)曲靖高等师范专科学校物理系，曲靖  655000; (2)云南大学物理系，昆明  650092; (3)云南师范大学物理学，昆明  650091
Published: December 2020

Non-crystalline alloys can be turned into nano-crystalline under shock waves. This has been proved by our experiments.Recently,we have discovered that the functions of Cu and Nb of Fe73.5Cu1Nb3B9Si13.5 in shock wave crystallization are restrained, and the size of crystallites in the crystallized alloy Fe73.5Cu1Nb3B9Si13.5 is increased and its lattice constant is decreased after the sample is annealed again. These phenomena are worth to study further. The model of fluid-change for explaining the law of shock wave crystallization is suggested in this paper.
EPITAXIAL STRUCTURES AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF Co100-xMnx ALLOYS ON GaAs(001) SURFACE
Authors: WU DI  , LIU GUO-LEI  , WU YI-ZHENG  , DONG GUO-SHENG  , JIN XIAO-FENG  , SHEN XIAO-LIANG  ,   (1)复旦大学分析测试中心，上海  200433; (2)复旦大学应用表面物理国家重点实验室，上海  200433
Published: December 2020

The epitaxial growth crystal structure and magnetism of Co100-xMnx alloys grown on GaAs(001) substrate have been studied by using reflection high energy electron diffraction,X-ray diffraction and surface magneto-optic Kerr effect. For 0100-xMnx alloys.They show strong ferromagnetism.For 42100-xMnx alloy exists in bodycentered cubic(bcc)and face-centered cubic(fcc)phases respectively,and the coexistence of the bcc and fcc structures is observed in the middle stage.It is proved by using wedge samples that only the bcc phase contributes to the ferromagnetism.For x>78,the epitaxial alloys have fcc structure and show no Ferromagnetism.
STUDY OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF LIGHT INTENSITY OF THE FIBER PROBE OF TRANSMISSION SCANNING NEAR FIELD OPTICAL MICROSCOPY AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF EXCITED FLUORESCE NT MOLECULES
Authors: WANG ZI-YANG  , LI QIN  , ZHAO JUN  , GUO JI-HUA  ,   清华大学物理系，单原子分子测控重点实验室，北京  100084
Published: December 2020

The light intensity distribution near the fiber probe of the Transmission Scanning Near Field Optical Microscopy(SNOM) was calculated by the model of R.D.Grober.The resolution,transmission depth and transmittance of the light intensity were discussed.The imaging process of excited biological fluorescent molecules was simulated,and it was found that the dipole direction of fluorescent molecules and he polarization of incident light influenced the detected signals.Both the pol arization direction of incident light and the dipole direction of fluorescent mo lecules would affect the fluorescent molecules imaging.
A STUDY ON La-DOPED PbWO4 SCINTILLATING CRYSTAL
Authors: TANG XUE-FENG  , GU MU  , TONG HONG-YONG  , LIANG LING  , YAO MING-ZHEN  , CHEN LING-YAN  , LIAO JING-YING  , SHEN BIN-FU  , QU XIANG-DONG  , YIN ZHI-WEN  , XU WEI-XIN  , WANG JING-C HENG  ,   (1)玻耳固体物理研究所，同济大学，上海  200092; (2)上海金属功能材料重点实验室，上海  200940; (3)中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所，上海  200050
Published: December 2020

The changes of defects in PbWO4 crystal caused by La dopant have been studied by means of positron annihilation lifetime and X-ray photoelectron spec trum (XPS).The results show that La dopant enhance the concentration of lead vac ancy (ＶPb) which can be described as the positron capture center in PbWO4 crystal,and lead vacancy will furthermore introduce low-valent oxygen center.We discuss the mechanism of La doped in PbWO4,and consi der that oxygen vacancy is restrained by doping of La,while lead vacancy density is increased by La dopant.
STUDY ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND CRYSTALLIZATION OF AMORPHOUS Cu56Zr44 ALLOY BY MEANS OF ISOTHERMAL ANNEALING
Authors: WANG HUAN-RONG  , TENG XIN-YING  , SHI ZHI-QIANG  , YE YI-FU  , MIN GUANG-HUI  ,   (1)山东大学材料液态结构及其遗传性国家教育部重点实验室,济南250061; (2)山东大学材料液态结构及其遗传性国家教育部重点实验室,济南250061,华东理工大学资源与环境工程学院,上海200237
Published: December 2020

The microstructure and crystallization process of an amorphous Cu56Zr44 alloy at isothermal annealing were studied by using the X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and transmission electron micrograph techniques. The experimental results seem to show that the short-range order of amorphous Cu56Zr44 alloy at room temperature is of hard sphere random dense packing. It is found that the crystallization products of amorphous Cu56Zr44 alloy annealed at 703K within its supercooled liquid range is mainly Cu8Zr3 phase in an annealing time of 3min, and when the time is 6min, Cu8Zr3 phase disappears completely and Cu10Zr7 phase precipitates a lot, while if the time is longer than 30min, several kinds of phases such as Cu10Zr7, CuZr2 and Cu8Zr3 will form. Based on the above the diffusion mechanism of amorphous Cu56Zr44 alloy at isothermal annealing is presented.
EFFECT OF Ta AND Ta/Cu BUFFERS ON THE EXCHANGE BIAS FIELD OFNiFe/FeMn BILAYERS
Authors: LI MING-HUA  , YU GUANG-HUA  , JIANG HONG-WEI  , CAI JIAN-WANG  , ZHU FENG-WU  ,   (1)北京科技大学材料物理系,北京100083; (2)首都师范大学物理系,北京100037; (3)中国科学院物理研究所磁学国家重点实验室,北京100080; (4)中国科学院物理研究所磁学国家重点实验室,北京100080;北京科技大学材料物理系,北京100083
Published: December 2020

The NiFe/FeMn bilayers with different buffer layers (Ta or Ta /Cu) and Ta cover layers were prepared by magnetron sputtering. The results showed that the exchange bias field of NiFe/FeMn films with the Ta buffer was higher than that of the films with the Ta/ Cu buffer .We investigated the crystallographic texture, surface roughness and surface segregation, and demonstrated that the decrease of the exchange coupling field was caused by the Cu surface segregation in NiFe/FeMn films with Ta/ Cu buffer layers.
ANALYSIS OF STABILITY FOR EQUILIBRIUM OFCELLULAR NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: WANG HONG-XIA  , YU JUE-BANG  ,   电子科技大学光电子技术系570实验室,成都610054
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses in detail the expressions, distribution and stability of equilibria for cellular neutral networks. Some useful conclusions are obtained. The network can be stable via choosing different connection-weight matrices based on special regions. The example shows the conditions are concise and easy to use.
DYNAMICAL MODEL OF THE RADIO-FREQUENCY PLASMA SHEATH
Authors: DAI ZHONG-LING  , WANG YOU-NIAN  , MA TENG-CAI  ,   大连理工大学物理系,大连116024
Published: December 2020

A self-consistent model for the dynamics of the capacitive radio-frequency (RF) plasma sheath driven by a sinusoidal current source is obtained under the assumptions of time-dependent,collisionless ion motion and inertialess electrons. The model consists of fluid equations describing the charge transport in the sheath coupled to an equivalent circuit model of the sheath to predict the characteristics of it at any RF frequency. Some numerical results have been obtained for the instantaneous sheath thickness, the instantaneous voltage and the ion flux density on the substrate, etc. It has been shown that when the RF frequency is less than the ion plasma frequency, the ion flux density will strongly depend on the time.
Macrel: antimicrobial peptide screening in genomes and metagenomes
Authors: Santos-Júnior Célio Dias , Pan Shaojun , Zhao Xing-Ming , Coelho Luis Pedro
Published: December 2020

Motivation

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have the potential to tackle multidrug-resistant pathogens in both clinical and non-clinical contexts. The recent growth in the availability of genomes and metagenomes provides an opportunity for in silico prediction of novel AMP molecules. However, due to the small size of these peptides, standard gene prospection methods cannot be applied in this domain and alternative approaches are necessary. In particular, standard gene prediction methods have low precision for short peptides, and functional classification by homology results in low recall.

Results

Here, we present Macrel (for metagenomic AMP classification and retrieval), which is an end-to-end pipeline for the prospection of high-quality AMP candidates from (meta)genomes. For this, we introduce a novel set of 22 peptide features. These were used to build classifiers which perform similarly to the state-of-the-art in the prediction of both antimicrobial and hemolytic activity of peptides, but with enhanced precision (using standard benchmarks as well as a stricter testing regime). We demonstrate that Macrel recovers high-quality AMP candidates using realistic simulations and real data.

Availability

Macrel is implemented in Python 3. It is available as open source at https://github.com/BigDataBiology/macrel and through bioconda. Classification of peptides or prediction of AMPs in contigs can also be performed on the webserver: https://big-data-biology.org/software/macrel.
Previous oil exposure alters Gulf KillifishFundulus grandisoil avoidance behavior
Authors: Martin Charles W. , McDonald Ashley M. , Rieucau Guillaume , Roberts Brian J.
Published: December 2020

Oil spills threaten the structure and function of ecological communities. TheDeepwater Horizonspill was predicted to have catastrophic consequences for nearshore fishes, but field studies indicate resilience in populations and communities. Previous research indicates many marsh fishes exhibit avoidance of oil contaminated areas, representing one potential mechanism for this resilience. Here, we test whether prior oil exposure of Gulf killifishFundulus grandisalters this avoidance response. Using choice tests between unoiled and oiled sediments at one of three randomized concentrations (low: 0.1 L oil m−2, medium: 0.5 L oil m−2, or high: 3.0 L oil m−2), we found that, even at low prior exposure levels, killifish lose recognition of oiled sediments compared to control, unexposed fish. Preference for unoiled sediments was absent across all oil concentrations after oil exposure, and some evidence for preference of oiled sediments at high exposure was demonstrated. These results highlight the lack of response to toxic environments in exposed individuals, indicating altered behavior despite organism survival. Future research should document additional sublethal consequences that affect ecosystem and food web functioning.
Mutational spectra of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from animals
Authors: Elaswad Ahmed , Fawzy Mohamed , Basiouni Shereen , Shehata Awad A.
Published: December 2020

Coronaviruses are ubiquitous and infect a wide spectrum of animals and humans. The newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a worldwide pandemic. To address the role that animals may play in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2, the full genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from animals were compared with SARS-CoV-2 human isolates from the same clade and geographic region. Phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from the cat, dog, mink, mouse, and tiger revealed a close relationship with SARS-CoV-2 human isolates from the same clade and geographic region with sequence identities of 99.94–99.99%. The deduced amino acid sequence of spike (S) protein revealed the presence of a furin cleavage site (682RRAR▾685), which did not differ among all SARS-CoV-2 isolates from animals and humans. SARS-CoV-2 isolates from minks exhibited two amino acid substitutions (G261D, A262S) in the N-terminal domain of S protein and four (L452M, Y453F, F486L, N501T) in the receptor-binding motif (RBM). In the mouse, the S protein had two amino acid substitutions, one in the RBM (Q498H) and the other (N969S) in the heptad repeat 1. SARS-CoV-2 isolated from minks furtherly exhibited three unique amino acid substitutions in the nucleocapsid (N)protein. In the cat, two unique amino acid substitutions were discovered in the N (T247I) and matrix (T175M) proteins. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 isolated from minks possessed sixteen, four, and two unique amino acid substitutions in the open reading frame 1ab (ORF1ab), ORF3a, and ORF6, respectively. Dog and cat SARS-CoV-2 isolates showed one and seven unique amino acid substitutions in ORF1ab, respectively. Further studies may be necessary to determine the pathogenic significance of these amino acid substitutions to understand the molecular epidemiology and evolution of SARS-CoV-2.
Mapping of Tribal Products and Assessing the Business Potential in Bhadradri Kothagudem, Telangana
Authors: Sravyasree R. , Radhika P. , Seema . , Chary D. Srinivasa
Published: December 2020

The tribes in India usually depend on collection and sale of agricultural and forests products for their need and source of income especially for those residing close to and in the forest fringe villages. Hence, this study was conducted to document the forest products collected by the people with the aim of contributing knowledge that could help increase the business potential of these forest products. The study employed simple random sampling technique for selection of sixty (60) respondents from the three tribal groups of Koya, Kondareddie and Lambada. Primary data were collected from 20 tribals from each tribal group and the secondary data was collected from sources like Tribal Welfare department, websites, journals, research papers, tribal stores records and books. The result revealed that majority of the forest products were collected by Koya and Kondareddie tribal groups. The products include amla, bamboo, honey, mahua flowers, tamarind and tendu leaves. These groups are also involved in making of bamboo baskets. On the other hand, Amla, tamarind and honey were collected by Lambada group as they are seen to be shifting towards other occupations.  From the 216 family members of 60 tribal respondents, about 91 members were involved in collection of forest products. Majority (53%) of the people spend 50 - 100 days in collecting forest produce and around 42% spent 5-8 hours per day. In addition, about 28% each spent 1 - 4 hours and 9 - 12 hours for collection of forest produce in a day. The study also found that all the collected forest products by the tribals in the study area can be further processed to add value and enhance price. The price difference in raw and value added products ranged from 30%to as high as 1593%.
The Relationship between Haemoglobin Levels and Platelet Counts of Malaria Infected and Non-Infected Children in Offinso, Ghana
Authors: Paintsil Ellis Kobina , Akenten Charity Wiafe , Ofori Linda Aurelia
Published: December 2020

Malaria is known to have significant effects on the body. This study, investigated the relation between platelet and haemoglobin levels of malaria positive and negative children (age range = 1-14 years).  Out of the 1049 children (4.1± 3.3 years), comprising 493 females and 556 males who were tested for malaria parasites, the prevalence of malaria was 35.3%. Children aged one year with malaria recorded the least hemoglobin concentration of 8.0 ± 2.4g/dL. As the age of the children with malaria infection increase, the haemoglobin concentration also increased. The prevalence of anemia (<10 g/dL) in malaria infected children was 55.4% compared to 28.0% in children without malaria. Children with malaria infection were up to 4.0 (OR) times more likely to have severe anemia (<7 g/dL) than those uninfected. Furthermore, only 5.6% of malaria negative patients had thrombocytopenia (platelet <150 ); while 49.5% of malaria positive children had thrombocytopenia. There was a significant weak positive correlation (rho=0.277) between haemoglobin and platelet count of malaria positive children, but a weaker negative correlation (r = -0.088) in those without malaria. The haemoglobin levels and platelet counts of children without malaria followed the normal distribution, while those with malaria did not. Therefore, haemoglobin and platelet data from malaria negative and positive children should be analysed differently to improve diagnosis and treatment.
Seasonal Variations in Protein Patterns and Mineral Contents of Lycium showii under Different Habitat Conditions
Authors: Kamel Ahmed Mandouh , Absy Karima Mohamed El-
Published: December 2020

Two locations Wadi El-Bagha in South Sinai and Wadi Hashem in Mersa Matruh, Egypt were selected for monitoring changes of protein patterns and chemical composition of Lycium showii (L. showii) due to seasonal variations. Significant differences (P < 0.05 or 0.01) occurred of mechanical properties and chemical analysis of the soil associated of L. showii by 0-20 and 20-40 cm depths from three sites (up, mid, down-streams) in Wadi El-Bagha and Wadi Hashem as well as interactions them (depths, sites and locations). Soil associated with the plants in Wadi Hashem possessed higher water content and electrical conductivity in down-stream as well as higher Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+ in the up-stream during the 20-40 cm depth. Locations, sites and seasons as well as their interactions trends were showed highly significant with plant Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, N and P contents, with insignificance in Ca2+ and N contents by seasons and locations x seasons, respectively. The Na+ and K+ of Wadi Hashem and N and P of Wadi El-Bagha in autumn as well as Ca2+ of Wadi Hashem and Mg2+ of Wadi El-Bagha in spring were recorded the highest values during mid-stream. The SDS-PAGE method showed different molecular weights of protein patterns in L. shawii leaves in the two locations during autumn and spring seasons. The highest molecular weight (148.3 kD) was observed in Wadi El-Bagha during autumn season, while the lowest molecular weight (10.5 kD) was found in Wadi Hashem and Wadi El-Bagha during spring and autumn season, respectively. The number of bands in Wadi El-Bagha had higher than in Wadi Hashem during the both seasons. The leaves of L. showii have specific unique high molecular weights proteins in Wadi El-Bagha at autumn and spring seasons. Thus, these patterns reflect variations of behavior and adaptation of L. shawii under stress conditions in the studied locations and seasons.
Antimicrobial Activity of Herbal Toothpaste against Organisms Causing Dental Caries
Authors: Raj M. Shailaja , Hema R. , Thomas Anitha
Published: December 2020

Aim: Dental caries occurs as a result of acid produced by bacteria which destroys the enamel and underlying dentin. A study was carried out to isolate microorganisms that cause dental caries in patients belonging to different age groups and find out the antimicrobial activity of various toothpastes against them.

Study Design: Collection of samples for isolation of caries causing organisms, to identify them using biochemical tests and test the activity of herbal toothpastes against them.

Place and duration of study: Samples were collected from Krish Multispeciality Clinic and Prashanth Dental Clinic, Nagole between June’2016 – December’2017 and worked on, at Microbiology Department, St. Francis College for women, Hyderabad.

Methodology: Ten samples of each age group from 10-20 yrs., 20-40 yrs. and 40-60 yrs. were isolated. The organisms were identified by carrying out various biochemical tests according to Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology and molecular characterization    based on 16s rRNA typing. Identified organisms were used to test the antimicrobial activity   of herbal toothpastes by employing agar well diffusion method. ANOVA is used for statistical analysis.

Results and Conclusion: Patanjali herbal products like Dantkanti are gaining lot of importance and have become a part of life of common man because of their effectivity. Our studies revealed that out of the various toothpastes tested, Patanjali toothpaste had good antimicrobial activity against all the isolates. On comparative analysis of f-ratio and P significant value (< .05.) of all pairs, it is observed that Patanjali has good antimicrobial activity against all isolates tested. The efficacy of Meswak is almost similar to that of Patanjali.
Preliminary Studies on Revegetating the Mine Spoils of ACC Limited, Madukkarai Cement Works
Authors: Dakuya Priyanka , Sugumaran M. P. , Priya G. Vani
Published: December 2020

During the last two decades, the number of cement factories has increased hugely due to expanding requirement of cement materials for construction. A study was taken in ACC cement works, Madukkarai, Coimbatore to assess the floristic composition of shrubs, herbs and tree species that are available in both mine out soils and soils nearby the factory vicinity. A pot experiment was conducted to find the effect of different biofertilizers on the growth of tree seedlings with potting mixture of minespoil, garden soil and vermicompost in the ratio 1:1:1 on volume basis. The results revealed that the application of phosphobacteria @ 10 g/seedlings enhanced the growth of seedlings to about 20 percent over the control. Therefore, it was concluded that utilizing biofertilizer with proper potting mixture can help to revegetate the mined out spoils of cement industry.
Hydro-Geochemical Mechanisms of Brackish Shallow Groundwater Development- Coastal Greater Accra Region, Ghana
Authors: Mensah F. A. , Bartaya S. K. , Ofosu B. , Tagbor T. A. , Tiwari S. K.
Published: December 2020

This study investigated the processes influencing the chemistry of surface and shallow groundwater in tropical coastal environments - south east of greater Accra region of Ghana using GIS models and combination of geological and hydro geochemical techniques for sustainable management of freshwater resources and abundantly available brackish water resources. A total of 37 shallow groundwater and 11 surface water samples were collected and analysed for their physico-chemical constituents.

The samples were adjusted to room temperature after which the hydrogen ion concentration (pH), Total Dissolve Solids (TDS) and Electrical Conductivity were measured with a precision of 0.01 for both parameters using a La Motte, USA in unfiltered samples. The analysis of major and minor ions were performed using ion chromatography (DIONEX-ICS-1000 Series). The geographical locations of the samples were recorded with the aid of a handheld Global Position System (GPS).

The analysed shallow groundwater indicates minimum salinity values of 70.2 psu/ppm, maximum salinity of 4398.3 psu/ppm with an average of 1571.4 psu/ppm whilst surface water has minimum salinity of 33.8 psu/ppm, maximum of 43574 psu/ppm with an average of 4972.6 psu/ppm therefore highly saline. The total minimum dissolved solid (TDS) concentrations is 87.5 ppm, maximum of 5160 ppm with an average of 1911.96 ppm for shallow groundwater and for surface water minimum of 38.4 ppm, maximum of 27100 ppm and average 3938.12 ppm.
Radical Compounds of Antimony and Bismuth
Authors: Lichtenberg Crispin
Published: December 2020

Recent years have seen considerable progress in the generation, synthesis, and characterization of transient, persistent, and isolable radical compounds of the heavy group 15 elements antimony and bismuth. This article points out strategies to successfully approach the synthesis of such compounds. Their properties in the solid state and in solution are summarized and compared. The unusual characteristics of antimony and bismuth radical compounds have allowed researchers to identify intriguing reactivity patterns in stoichiometric reactions, including reversible homolytic bond dissociation reactions, and the unconventional activation of P
4
and S
8
. In the fields of olefin polymerization, dehydrocoupling reactions, and cycloisomerization reactions, these findings could even be turned into catalytic applications, which are highlighted in the last sections of this article.
‘He was just your typical average guy’ Examining how person descriptions are elicited by frontline police officers
Authors: Dalton Gary , Milne Rebecca , Hope Lorraine , Vernham Zarah , Nunan Jordan
Published: December 2020

Person descriptions often lack the level of detail necessary to assist in the apprehension of a perpetrator. To date, it is not clear how person descriptions are obtained by frontline police officers. Worldwide, many police forces now use body worn video (BWV), which provides a unique opportunity to examine how frontline police officers gather person descriptions from witnesses. We examined how person descriptions (N = 207) were elicited by frontline police officers, with a particular focus on the types of questions used. BWV of 81 interactions involving 45 frontline police officers and 141 witnesses were analysed. Person descriptions were obtained using inappropriate questions 50.54% of the time, with leading questions being the most commonly used (44.84%). Appropriate questions (i.e., open questions) led to more information being provided (cf. inappropriate questions), including more fine‐ and coarse‐grain details. Implications for the training of frontline police officers are discussed.
Detection of Differences in Longitudinal Cartilage Thickness Loss Using a Deep‐Learning Automated Segmentation Algorithm: Data From the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Biomarkers Study of the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Eckstein Felix , Chaudhari Akshay S. , Fuerst David , Gaisberger Martin , Kemnitz Jana , Baumgartner Christian F. , Konukoglu Ender , Hunter David J. , Wirth Wolfgang
Published: December 2020

Objective

To study the longitudinal performance of fully automated cartilage segmentation in knees with radiographic osteoarthritis (OA), we evaluated the sensitivity to change in progressor knees from the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health OA Biomarkers Consortium between the automated and previously reported manual expert segmentation, and we determined whether differences in progression rates between predefined cohorts can be detected by the fully automated approach.

Methods

The OA Initiative Biomarker Consortium was a nested case–control study. Progressor knees had both medial tibiofemoral radiographic joint space width loss (≥0.7 mm) and a persistent increase in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain scores (≥9 on a 0–100 scale) after 2 years from baseline (n = 194), whereas non‐progressor knees did not have either of both (n = 200). Deep‐learning automated algorithms trained on radiographic OA knees or knees of a healthy reference cohort (HRC) were used to automatically segment medial femorotibial compartment (MFTC) and lateral femorotibial cartilage on baseline and 2‐year follow‐up magnetic resonance imaging. Findings were compared with previously published manual expert segmentation.

Results

The mean ± SD MFTC cartilage loss in the progressor cohort was –181 ± 245 μm by manual segmentation (standardized response mean [SRM] –0.74), –144 ± 200 μm by the radiographic OA–based model (SRM –0.72), and –69 ± 231 μm by HRC‐based model segmentation (SRM –0.30). Cohen's d for rates of progression between progressor versus the non‐progressor cohort was –0.84 (P < 0.001) for manual, –0.68 (P < 0.001) for the automated radiographic OA model, and –0.14 (P = 0.18) for automated HRC model segmentation.

Conclusion

A fully automated deep‐learning segmentation approach not only displays similar sensitivity to change of longitudinal cartilage thickness loss in knee OA as did manual expert segmentation but also effectively differentiates longitudinal rates of loss of cartilage thickness between cohorts with different progression profiles.
A Low‐Temperature Sodium‐Ion Full Battery: Superb Kinetics and Cycling Stability
Authors: Rui Xianhong , Zhang Xianghua , Xu Shitan , Tan Huiteng , Jiang Yu , Gan Li Yong , Feng Yuezhan , Li Cheng Chao , Yu Yan
Published: December 2020

The increasingly stringent requirement in large‐scale energy storage necessitates the development of high‐performance sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) that can operate under low‐temperature (LT) environment. Although SIBs can achieve good cycling stability and rate performance at room temperature, the sluggish electrochemical reaction kinetics at low temperature remains a great challenge for SIBs. Here, a superior LT SIB composed of 3D porous Na3V2(PO4)3/C (NVP/C‐F) and NaTi2(PO4)3/C foams (NTP/C‐F) is developed. First‐principles calculations reveal that the intrinsic Na+ diffusivity in NASICON‐type NVP and NTP is extremely high (maximum 3.84 × 10−5 for NVP and 2.94 × 10−9 cm2 s−1 for NTP) at –20 °C. In addition, the designed 3D interconnected porous foam structures demonstrate excellent electrolyte absorption ability and Na+ transport performance at low temperature. As a result, under −20 °C, the NVP/CF and NTP/CF electrodes (half‐cell configuration) can attain reversible capacities close to their theoretical values, and are able to be charged and discharged rapidly (20 C) for 1000 cycles. Based on these features, the designed NTP/CF||NVP/CF full cell also displays superb LT kinetics and cycling stability, making a great stride forward in the development of LT SIBs.
Tunnel Intergrowth LixMnO2 Nanosheet Arrays as 3D Cathode for High‐Performance All‐Solid‐State Thin Film Lithium Microbatteries
Authors: Xia Qiuying , Zhang Qinghua , Sun Shuo , Hussain Fiaz , Zhang Chunchen , Zhu Xiaohui , Meng Fanqi , Liu Kaiming , Geng Hao , Xu Jing , Zan Feng , Wang Peng , Gu Lin , Xia Hui
Published: December 2020

All‐solid‐state thin film lithium batteries (TFBs) are proposed as the ideal power sources for microelectronic devices. However, the high‐temperature (>500 °C) annealing process of cathode films, such as LiCoO2 and LiMn2O4, restricts the on‐chip integration and potential applications of TFBs. Herein, tunnel structured LixMnO2 nanosheet arrays are fabricated as 3D cathode for TFBs by a facile electrolyte Li+ ion infusion method at very low temperature of 180 °C. Featuring an interesting tunnel intergrowth structure consisting of alternating 1 × 3 and 1 × 2 tunnels, the LixMnO2 cathode shows high specific capacity with good structural stability between 2.0 and 4.3 V (vs. Li+/Li). By utilizing the 3D LixMnO2 cathode, all‐solid‐state LixMnO2/LiPON/Li TFB (3DLMO‐TFB) has been successfully constructed with prominent advantages of greatly enriched cathode/electrolyte interface and shortened Li+ diffusion length in the 3D structure. Consequently, the 3DLMO‐TFB device exhibits large specific capacity (185 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1), good rate performance, and excellent cycle performance (81.3% capacity retention after 1000 cycles), outperforming the TFBs using spinel LiMn2O4 thin film cathodes fabricated at high temperature. Importantly, the low‐temperature preparation of high‐performance cathode film enables the fabrication of TFBs on various rigid and flexible substrates, which could greatly expand their potential applications in microelectronics.
A New Anti‐Immune Evasion Strategy against Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Infections: Simulating Complement Immunotherapy Based on Complement‐Mimic Antibiotic Delivery System
Authors: Hou Xucheng , Zhang Wenxi , Meng Yansha , Zhou Wenkai , Peng Guanghua , Lei Jiongxi , Cong Shuangchen , Song Maoyuan , Li Guiling , Li Xinru
Published: December 2020

Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can interfere with synergistic host defenses, thus escaping from immune surveillance. Herein, a new immunotherapy strategy‐simulating complement therapy is proposed. Two artificial effectors, Tat cell penetrating peptide and wheat germ agglutinin, are utilized to develop a multifunctional complement‐mimic liposome (CML) simultaneously delivering antibiotics and orchestrating the complement system with macrophages. The CML successfully simulates the functions of the complement system, including formation of a membrane attack complex, mediation of opsonophagocytosis, and activation of phagocytes. At infection sites, CMLs are able to recognize MRSA and disrupt bacterial permeation barriers (cell walls and cell membranes). Meanwhile, CMLs attached to the surface of MRSA are able to activate the phagocytosis and immune responses of macrophages. As a result, CMLs significantly increased the bacterial activity of clarithromycin both in vitro and in macrophages. Moreover, CMLs effectively reduced the MRSA burden in three infection models, including skin abscesses, pneumonia, and bacteremia mouse models. Therefore, the CML provides a novel strategy for overcoming bacterial immune evasion and sheds light on the development of immunotherapies for infectious diseases.
Nitric Oxide‐Driven Nanomotor for Deep Tissue Penetration and Multidrug Resistance Reversal in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wan Mi Mi , Chen Huan , Da Wang Zhong , Liu Zhi Yong , Yu Yue Qi , Li Lin , Miao Zhuo Yue , Wang Xing Wen , Wang Qi , Mao Chun , Shen Jian , Wei Jia
Published: December 2020

Poor permeation of therapeutic agents and multidrug resistance (MDR) in solid tumors are the two major challenges that lead to the failure of the current chemotherapy methods. Herein, a zero‐waste doxorubicin‐loaded heparin/folic acid/l‐arginine (HFLA‐DOX) nanomotor with motion ability and sustained release of nitric oxide (NO) to achieve deep drug penetration and effective reversal of MDR in cancer chemotherapy is designed. The targeted recognition, penetration of blood vessels, intercellular penetration, special intracellular distribution (escaping from lysosomes and accumulating in Golgi and nucleus), 3D multicellular tumor spheroids (3D MTSs) penetration, degradation of tumor extracellular matrix (ECM), and reversal of MDR based on the synergistic effects of the motion ability and sustained NO release performance of the NO‐driven nanomotors are investigated in detail. Correspondingly, a new chemotherapy mode called recognition‐penetration‐reversal‐elimination is proposed, whose effectiveness is verified by in vitro cellular experiments and in vivo animal tumor model, which can not only provide effective solutions to these challenges encountered in cancer chemotherapy, but also apply to other therapy methods for the special deep‐tissue penetration ability of a therapeutic agent.