bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts of the plague epidemic on the Kingdom of Bohemia in the second half of the XIVth century and at the beginning of the XVth century
Authors: Nodl Martin
Published: January 2022

Although the medieval plague epidemic had a global impact, its intensity varied from region to region in Europe. Plague rates as well as mortality rates were conditioned by climatic and geographical conditions, population density, migration, and trade activities, as well as nutritional opportunities and mental or cultural habits. If we look at Europe as a whole, then the Czech lands, the Bohemian Kingdom and the Moravian Margraviate were among the areas affected by plague epidemics in the XIVth and XVth centuries much less than medieval France, England, Italy, or the German lands of the Holy Roman Empire. The causes of the lower intensity of the plague epidemic in Bohemia and Moravia can be seen in all of the aspects mentioned above, which does not, however, mean that the impact of the plague epidemic in the Kingdom of Bohemia was not, in some regards, comparable to that in Western Europe. Research on the medieval plague epidemic in Bohemia and Moravia has struggled with a lack of relevant sources from the very beginning. The limited explanatory power of the sources has also influenced the limited interest of Czech historians in this topic. The only debate that was ever conducted about the impact of the plague epidemic in a Czech intellectual milieu concerned its possible influence on the outbreak of the Hussite revolution, or the degree of the intensity of the plague in 1380. This debate quite clearly led to the conclusion that in plague epidemics, or in their impact on pre-Hussite society, it is not possible to see a significant or even decisive cause of the outbreak of the Hussite revolution.
„Przenosząc się ciągle z miejsca na miejsce obyczajem Numidów”. Jagiellońscy władcy i ich rodziny w czasie morowego powietrza w XV–XVI w.
Authors: Januszek-Sieradzka Agnieszka
Published: January 2022

“Constantly moving from place to place like Numidians”. Jagiellonian rulers and their families in times of pestilence in the XVth and XVIth centuries

In all early-modern Europe, epidemics were a very frequent phenomenon. In the XVth and XVIth centuries, the one effective way of avoiding the danger of infection and near certain death was to flee from a place threatened by plague. In the XVth century, a quite short journey was often sufficient, or else monarchs decided right away on a distant journey to the less-populated Lithuania, attempting to turn this to use in terms of the system of using royal progresses as a way of exercising power. In the XVIth century, especially in the second half, only one move to even a distant locality was insufficient, and the king and members of his family were compelled to move to a succession of places. Kings and their families almost always spent a period of isolation on their own estates. There were exceptions when the ruler was able to enjoy the hospitality of magnate or church estates. Through the nearly two hundred years of Jagiellonian rule, there is only one case (in 1572) when one can see the incautious behavior of the court as contributing to spread of plague. Although in the XVth century one can still find traces of real fear of pestilence among the royals and dramatic descriptions of huge, often exaggerated, losses of population, in the next century an outbreak of plague is seen rather as a passing inconvenience in life, cause of bothersome confusions in the normal functioning of the state or of changes in the royal family’s.
„wie man sich mit Gottes hülffe vor der vergifftung bewaren”. (Nie)użyteczne zalecenia w zakresie ochrony przed zarazą w drukach gdańskich fizyków miejskich z XVI w.
Authors: Kaczor Dariusz
Published: January 2022

“Wie man sich mit Gottes hülffe vor der vergifftung bewaren”. (No)useful recommendations for protection against plague in the prints of Gdańsk (Danzig) city physicians in the XVIth century

The plagues that appeared cyclically and with a relatively high frequency were for the urban communities of the Middle Ages and the early modern era an experience almost permanently inscribed in everyday life. As part of the struggle against epidemics, in addition to administrative measures taken by the authorities, there began to appear from the end of the XVth century anti-epidemic compendia edited by city physicians (thus medical persons with university education) and intended for a wider audience; they became especially popular in the German cultural area during the XVIth century. It was no different in Gdańsk (Danzig), wherea high level of medicine, and the practice of employing as city physicians well-educated medical persons (from German and Protestant universities) by the city authorities, resulted in the publication of numerous prints of this type. In total, in the years 1508−1588 in Gdańsk (Danzig) seven compendiums of this type were published. They contained general recommendations for protection against plague based on Galen’s medical system relating to the so-called six unnatural things (res non naturales); they were part of a trend of popular medical literature containing “rules of health” (regimen sanitatis). The recommendations contained in the prints by Gdańsk (Danzig) city physicians of the XVIth century concerned, therefore, the preservation of unpolluted air in the city, taking sanitary measures, proper diet and physical condition, as well as “surgical” treatments (taking baths in a bathhouse, using laxatives, phlebotomy), and pharmacological care (they were also supervisors of the city pharmacy at that time). These recommendations, however, were not practical advice (contrary to their titles) that could be fully applied in a time of plague; rather, they represented the state of academic medical knowledge of that time and were only a manifestation of its popularization resulting from the medical personnel’s duties. A separate place was found for considerations on a kind of “medical theology”, related to the commonly shared view that the cause of the epidemic was divine anger interpreted as a punishment for sins. This was of particular importance in the confessional order (with a Lutheran dominant) that was taking shape in Gdańsk (Danzig) during the XVIth century.
Novel and highly efficient functionalized bentonite for elimination of Cu2+ and Cd2+ from aqueous wastes
Authors: Malsawmdawngzela Ralte , Lalhmunsiama  , Tiwari Diwakar
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study was to synthesize novel and highly efficient functionalized material (BNMPTS) for selective elimination of Cu2+ and Cd2+ from aqueous waste. The detailed insights of solid/solution interactions were investigated by X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopic analyses. The grafting of silane caused for significant decrease in specific surface area of bentonite from 41.14 to 4.65 m2/g. The functionalized material possessed significantly high sorption capacity (12.59 mg/g for Cu2+ and 13.19 mg/g for Cd2+) and selectivity for these cations. The material showed very high elimination efficiency at a wide range of pH ~2.0 to 7.0 for Cu2+, ~3.0 to 10.0 for Cd2+ and concentration (1.0 to 25.0 mg/L) for Cu2+ and Cd2+. A rapid uptake of these two cations achieved an apparent equilibrium within 60 minutes of contact. The increased level of background electrolyte concentrations (0.0001 to 0.1 mol/L) did not affect the elimination efficiency of these two cations by BNMPTS. Moreover, the common coexisting ions did not inhibit the removal of these toxic ions. Furthermore, high breakthrough volumes i.e., 1.4 and 3.69 L for Cu2+, 2.6 and 6.64 L for Cd2+ was obtained using 0.25 and 0.50 g of BNMPTS respectively in a fixed-bed column operations.
Purification efficiency of eight aquatic plant species in an artificial floating island system in relation to extracellular enzyme activity and microbial community
Authors: Li Lei , Feng You , Li Jinye , Li Qing , Liu Ting , Chen Qingfeng
Published: January 2022

The floating island system exploits the combination of aquatic plants, microorganisms, and extracellular enzymes to purify wastewater. We investigated the purification efficiency of eight aquatic plant species cultured in wastewater. The relationships of plant purification capacity with extracellular enzyme activity and microbial community were analyzed to explore the crucial factors that affect the plant purification capacity and the mechanism of pollutants removal in different plant systems. Three plant species, namely Oenanthe javanica, Thalia dealbata, and lris pseudacorus, were most effective for purification of ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N), total phosphate (TP), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) with maximum efficiencies of 76.09, 85.87, and 89.10%, respectively. Urease, alkaline phosphatase (AP), and β-glucosidase activities were significantly and positively correlated with root system development (P < 0.05). Activities of urease and AP were positively correlated with NH4+-N and TP removal, respectively. The magnitude of urease and AP activity was generally consistent with the plant’s capacity to remove NH4+-N and TP. β-Glucosidase activity and COD removal were not significantly correlated. The dominant microbial phylum in each species treatment was Proteobacteria. Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteroidia showed > 1% relative abundance and greater involvement in degradation of pollutants in the experimental system.
A 10-MHz FREE-FREE BEAM MICROMECHANICAL RESONATOR FABRICATION PROCESS USING SURFACE-MICROMACHINED TECHNOLOGY
Authors: TAN-LOC NGUYEN
Published: January 2022

The fabrication process for the designed MEMS resonator using surface-micromachined technology is presented in this paper. A 10-MHz Free-Free beam MEMS resonator is designed to vibrate in the second-mode shape, which is significant improvement compare to the fundamental mode. The design showed a Q value as high as 75,000, which is significant improvement compared to 8,400 VHF F-F beam MEMS resonator by K. Wang; and very low motional resistance (18kΩ). The surface-micromachined technology is used as the standard process for the design. The process is briefly described from the layout design to the experimental fabricated device.
Assessing the Need of Using Artificial Intelligence within Legal Practice
Authors: Zubenko Hanna Viktorivna , Vodolymyrovych Vladimirov Yevhen , Popovich Iryna , Ilin Yaroslav
Published: January 2022

The objective of the article is to analyze the content and particularities of the use of artificial intelligence in legal practice. Historical and legal, epistemological, and comparative scientific methods are used. It has been clarified that artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer (machine) to simulate human intelligence while solving certain tasks. This type of intelligence is also designed to solve complex integral tasks related to the collection, processing, storage, generalization, and other actions with information. It has been argued that the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies in all spheres of public life requires adequate legal regulation of all aspects of their use. The main guidelines for the development of artificial intelligence in legal practice have been identified, namely: development of innovative cybersecurity systems; determination of the list of administrative services, the decisions of which can be made by automated systems using special information processing algorithms; development of digital systems for the identification and verification of persons; use of artificial intelligence technologies to detect illegal activities in computer systems, registries, other socially dangerous phenomena; protection of personal data; development of technologies for e-government.
The public-private partnership (PPP) initiative in healthcare system: as the pathways to achieve the SDGs in Nepal
Authors: Bhatt Laxman Datt , Shrestha Ramesh , Bhandari Ved Prasad
Published: January 2022

Globally, financing healthcare is one of the biggest challenges and it becomes a life or death issue in poor countries. Nepal is strongly committed to universal health coverage and Sustainable Development Goals. Existing public health services are inadequate to cater to the growing demands of quality health care and Public Private Partnership (PPP) evolved as newer arrangement for robust healthcare system, improved healthcare quality and enhance cost-effectiveness. Nepal has successfully utilized the PPP model in multiple sectors, however there is limited experience in healthcare. Strengthening PPP models in healthcare  could be the pathway for Nepal toward SDG’s and UHC achievement.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF UTTARABASTI AND MATRABASTI IN KLAIBYA W.S.R.TO ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION
Authors: Meti Prakash , B A Lohith
Published: January 2022

The condition in which loss or decrease in the capacity of normal erection with sufficient rigidity for penetrative intercourse is described as 'Klaibya'. It can be compared with Erectile dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a highly prevalent condition among men all over the world. It has a significant negative impact on the quality of life of the patients along with their partners. Hence to treat such condition many treatment modalities have been men- tioned in Ayurveda among which Basti has prime role. In the present study Ashwagandha taila is used in the form of Uttarabasti and Matrabasti for 8 consecutive days to know its effect on Klaibya. Follow up of 16 days was done. The results were compared based on the subjective and objective parameters after 24 days. After assessing the parameters, it was observed that Group A Ashwagandha tailaUttarabasti has better role as compared to Group B Ashwagandha TailaMatrabasti in the management of Klaibya.
Keywords: Klaibya, Uttarabasti, Matrabasti, Ashwagandha Taila, Erectile Dysfunction
A CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE RUKSHANA PURVAKA VIRECHANA KARMA IN STHOULYA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO OBESITY
Authors: K K Nimya , M.G. Rajalaxmi
Published: January 2022

Sthoulya/Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may hurt the health and it is one of the most neglected public health issues. Sthoulya is most caused by Ati Ahara Sevana, Avyayama and Beejadosha. Sthoulya has been explained in Charaka Samhita Sutra Sthana under 21st chapter by name Astou Ninditiya Purusha as Santarpana Nimittaja Vikara1, Bahudoshavastha Vyadhi2 and included under Sleshmaja Nanatmaja Vikara. In Sushruta Samhitha also Sthoulya is narrated as rasa Nimittaja Vyadhi and con- sidered Meda vitiation as the causative factor for the manifestation. He also described Sthoulya as the physical condition of the body caused due to Dhatvagni Mandya. Acharya Charaka has also explained Swastha Purusha Laxana in terms of Sama Mamsa, Sama Pramana, Sama Samhanana and having Dridha Indriya. But Sthula Purusha is devoid of above-said qualities. Obesity contributes to many morbidities in the population, and it is known as a causative or precipitating factor for various killer ailments like hypertension, diabetes, prostate prob- lems, breast and colon cancers, respiratory problems, joint disorders, stroke, heart diseases like IHD/CAD etc.
Keywords: Obesity, Sthoulya, Virechana
PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL RESEARCH STUDY OF ROOT PART OF BAL (TENDER) AND VRIDDHA (BOLT) MOOLAK (Raphanus Sativus Linn.)
Authors: Patel Rajani , Rout Om Prakash , Joshi Pravin Kumar
Published: January 2022

Ayurveda treatment faces negligible complication and positive health impact on the patients, even in Ayurveda usage of herbal medicine has its own significant advantage. According to ancient science there is nothing on this earth which is not medicine. Ayurveda considers all substances as medicine, if used for specific purpose in an appropriate way. Acharyas has also described about different season, Stages and Area for collection of different part of medicinal plant. Susrut has mentioned the collection method of Ahar dravyas Samgraha in Annapanavidhi - Adhyaya where mature root is said ideal for collection, Bal (Tender) and Vriddha (bolt) root should be avoided but in special case of moolak (Radish) root, properties of Bal and Vriddha moolak are mentioned separately and in some case of disease where moolak is used as medicine especially Balmoolak is taken. Aims & Objectives - The motive of this research is to compare both stages of moolak on the basis of literature review, pharmacognostical and phytochemical properties which further evaluates their pharmacological properties and also this study would serve as a useful gauge in isolation of medicinally important phytoconstituents, performing pharmacological investigation and ensuring quality formulations and standardization of the plant material. Materials & Methods - TLC plate spot, Quanitative analysis of phenolic contents and flavonoids. Result - All the laboratory experiments show clear difference between both the stages of moolak and presence of saponin defines hepatoprotective property of Balmoolak. Conclusion - The research study has shown that Balmoolak is good for GIT and biliary system but the properties of vriddha moolak are not suitable for GIT so it is called Tridoshakarak and balmoolak is called tridoshamak property.
Keywords - Bal, Vriddha, Moolak, Ahardravya.
ROLE OF MANSIK BHAVAS ON IMMUNITY W.S.R. TO COVID-19
Authors: Bhatnagar Sanjay Kumar , Sharma Rajesh Kumar , Sharma Dinesh Chandra
Published: January 2022

The world was confronted with an illness 'COVID-19', caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. This novel coronavirus is highly contagious and in just a few months has become a serious threat to human health all over the world. It was declared as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the end of January 2020 and a pandemic in March 2020. In addition to the public health challenges, this pandemic has created another parallel pandemic of mental health problems. There are many relations of doing panic and getting the disease and the pos- sibility of Mansik Bhavas like fear (Bhaya), anger (Krodha), grief (Shoka) and not follow Sadvrutta can be the cause or precipitating factor of infection to any person. Ayurveda and modern point of view agree to the statement that different Mansik Bhavas like Bhaya, Krodha, Shoka and not follow Sadvrutta etc. can lead to or can act as Hetu for many diseases like COVID-19 etc. and hence there is the existence of a relation between these Mansik Bhavas and Vyadhi Utpatti. Furthermore, the existing mental health problems have also been seen to exacerbate owing to this pandemic. The mental health problems are both seen among the community members and the healthcare pro- viders who are at the continuous forefront of service provision in healthcare settings. The best way of preventing COVID-19 infection is by enhancing an individual's body immunity. Some of the principles could be useful in mitigating the mental health issues that the current world is grappling with owing to COVID‐19. In this review article, we will understand the Role of Mansik Bhavas on immunity to COVID-19 with different references given in Ayurvedic texts, modern texts and articles.
Keywords: Ayurveda, COVID-19, Mansik bhavas (Bhaya, Krodha, Shoka and Sadvrutta), Immunity.
A CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE IMPACT OF VAMANA KARMA ON SERUM ELECTROLYTES IN AMAVATA W.S.R RHEUEMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Kumari Rakshitha , Rao Niranjan
Published: January 2022

Panchakarma therapy is the ideal line of treatment to maintain the state of health for a longer duration. It aims at the elimination of excessive Doshas from the body. Vamana karma is one of the Panchakarma procedure where in vomiting is induced by drugs and aims at the elimination of excessive Kapha and Pitta dosha from the body. Amavata is a Vyadhi where Kapha and Vata are predominantly involved. Its Udhbava Sthana is Amashaya and Vyaktha Sthana is Sandhi. Vamana is considered as best treatment for Kapha and its associated conditions. In Amavata mainly Kapha Sthana like Sandhi is affected. Langhana is considered as the prime line of treatment for Amavata. Vamana is considered under shodhana variety of Langhana. Normally, after Vamana patient does not complain of having any untowards like those patients after vomiting due to dehydration. This study was conduct- ed to evaluate the effect of vamana karma on serum electrolyte levels and access the safety of therapeutic vomiting.
In this study, 20 patients diagnosed with Amavata were selected and subjected for Vamana karma. This study in- volves estimation of serum electrolyte levels before and after Vamana. The results are suggestive of safe applica- tion of the Vamana karma.
Keywords: Amavata, Serum electrolytes, Vamana karma.
A REVIEW ON TOXICITY OF SNUHI (EUPHORBIA NERIFOLIA LINN.)
Authors: Rajak Manish , Kumar Praveen , Prasad Ramesh
Published: January 2022

Snuhi (Euphorbia nerifolia Linn.) is a widely known poisonous medicinal plant in Ayurveda. It is categorized un- der Sthavara Upavisha. In Ayurveda, Upavisha is the group of drugs that are less toxic and not so lethal but pro- duces certain toxic symptoms on consumption or administration. Snuhi is one among the Upavisha and a well- known plant in the Indian system of medicine. In the Ayurveda concept, it is believed that toxic material may be useful in various diseases if it is administered properly and similarly even a drug if not administered properly be- comes an acute poison. The present review article highlights overall information about the plant Snuhi, its toxico- logical aspect, management, medico-legal aspect.
Keywords: Snuhi, Upavisha, Toxicological aspect
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF DASAMOOLADI GHRITA VASTI, UPANAHA AND ORAL POLYHERBOMINERAL COMPOUND IN THE MANAGEMENT OF OSTEOARTHRITIS OF KNEE JOINTS (JANU SANDHIGATA VATA)
Authors: Bhattacharyya Rima
Published: January 2022

Sandhigata Vata is the most common form of musculoskeletal disorder. It is a degenerative disease, mostly affects female and the most common age group is in between 35-65 years. Osteoarthritis hampers day to day activities and leads to deformity. Hence, Ayurveda improves the quality of life of osteoarthritis patients through internal and external therapies. In this particular study, Janu Sandhigata Vata patients are treating with Dasamooladi Matra Vasti, Upanaha and oral polyherbomineral compound for a duration of 2 months, in dept. Of Kayachikitsa, Govt. Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Guwahati. The aim of this trial is to establish Ayurvedic Principle of treatment along with various drug options for both internal and external measures to manage Sandhigata Vata. However, further research studies are needed to fulfil the aims and objectives.
Keywords: Janu sandhigata Vata, osteoarthritis, Dasamooladi Matra Vasti, Upanaha, oral polyherbomineral compound, clinical trial.
AN OBSERVATIONAL CLINICAL STUDY ON LIPID PROFILE CHANGES BEFORE AND AFTER SHODHNARTH SNEHPAN
Authors: Varma Anupriya , Varma Ashish
Published: January 2022

Background: Snehan(oleation) has a great role in all Panchakarma procedures. The therapeutic procedure by which greasiness is imparted to the body using different kinds of fat (Ghrita, Tail, Vasa, Majja etc) is called Snehan. Snehpan where fat substances are given in increasing doses by Ayurveda physicians, patients may have a fear that it will increase their cholesterol levels, there is this belief that if you consume ghrita, oil etc, it will in- crease your cholesterol levels and also increases the risk of heart disease. We conducted lipid profile reports be- fore and after Shodhnarth Snehpan in 10 patients in Janseva Ayurvedic Hospital, Surendranagar, Gujarat, India. Objectives: to observe Lipid Profile changes before and after Shodhanarth Snehpan. Management and Out- come: S. cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL, VLDL in all 10 patients were decreased. HDL however increased which is good cholesterol. Conclusion: The study requires a large group for more specific data. From this study, we can say Snehpan does not increase S.cholesterol levels.
Keywords: Lipid profile changes, Shodhanarth snehpan.
HERBAL DRUG TREATMENT ON KRODH (ANGER) – A REVIEW STUDY
Authors: Pandit Sanika R. , Kolarkar Rajesh
Published: January 2022

Psychiatry is a branch which is yet to be explored in Ayurveda. The existing medicines used in Modern system of medicine have serious adverse effects. Hence it is the need of the hour to explore medicines in this context. In Ayurveda Manovaha srotas deals with mind and psychology. Components of Manovaha srotas include Pran Va- yu, Udaan Vayu, Vyaan Vayu, Sadhak Pitta and Tarpak kaph. Abnormality in any of these components disturbs mind and causes various psychological disorders. Sadhak Pitta – a subtype of Pitta Dosh is associated with mind and emotions. Emotions like courage, fear, anger, happiness comes under the influence of Sadhak Pitta. Varia- tions in these emotions are the root cause of any psychological imbalance. In this study an attempt is made to study Krodh (anger) in detail and to explore the probable Dravya (Herbal drugs) which can be used to treat anger. Although Yoga and Aachar Rasayan described in Ayurveda have a great influence on emotions and mind, this study attempts to find herbal drugs acting on the Anger emotion as per Ayurveda. The study was carried out by reviewing various Ayurvedic Samhitas and Nighantus along with corresponding Modern Research articles on it. The aim of this study is to collect the scattered information of Dravya (Herbal Drugs) mentioned in the samhitas which can be used to treat anger emotion and make them available for further research under one single platform. A total of 6 drugs are studied in this study. Keywords: Ayurveda, Psychiatry, Manovaha srotas, Emotions, Anger, Dravya, Herbal Drugs.
PRELIMINARY STUDY ON SOME MEDICINAL HERBS AND SHRUBS OF DISTRICT SOLAN (HP)
Authors: Mamta Pathania Singh , Payal Bhardwaj , Dhirendra Pathania Singh
Published: January 2022

Herbal medicines are in practice since time immortal. India has probably the oldest, richest and most diverse cul- tural traditions within the use of medicinal plants. Indians 3500 BC, Chinese 3000 BC and Egyptians 2500 BC knew the properties of medicinal plants. Medicinal plants' use is still a living tradition. This is supported by the fact that there exists around a million traditional, village-based carriers of herbal medicine traditions in the form of traditional birth attendants, visha voids, bonesetters, herbal healers and wandering monks. Tribal people who live in harmony with nature and the environment share an intimate relationship with the plants. Beneficial medicinal properties of plants have been used in some forms or the other by these tribal people and cures were effective without any harmful side effects. The medicinal plants come from categories of shrubs, herbs and trees. Various parts of these plants which are used include fruits, roots, leaves, flowers, seeds, extract etc. and are of immense use to mankind; they are a part of our daily lives, making us wealthy with the world's greatest treasure- Health. Medic- inal plants have served humankind, for hundreds of years and still, these plants are used traditionally to cure vari- ous diseases. Some of the selected plants of district Solan were analyzed for their medicinal use with the help of information gathered from local people.
Keywords: Medicinal plants, Herbal medicines, shrubs, Solan
‘UDARDA PRASHMAN MAHĀKAṢĀYA’ AN EFFECTIVE AUSADH YOGA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ŚHEETAPITTA, UDARDA & KOṬHA - A REVIEW
Authors: Kumar Yadu Vinay
Published: January 2022

In the present time, due to the continuous consumption of the Virudh𝑎̅h𝑎̅ra, irregular daily routine and the stressful environment by the person, there is an accumulation of As𝑎̅tmy𝑎̅h𝑎̅ra (Virudh𝑎̅) substance in the body, as a result of which skin disorders arise. In which an important disorder is called Śheetapitta, Udarda & Koṭha. Which can be termed as urticarial in the modern era. Even in today’s era, despite being a good anti-allergic medicine, there is no permanent solution for Śheetapitta, Udarda & Koṭha (Urticaria) & they have other side effects too. Therefore, in 𝐴̅yurv𝑒̅da also, there should be some authentic medicine for the effective treatment of Śheetapitta, Udarda & Koṭha. Aim - To review the properties and karma (Doshaghnata) of Udarda Prashmana Mahākaṣāya containing 10 drugs on Śheetapitta, Udarda & Koṭha. Materials & Methods - A extensive chemical & pharmacological review of Udarda Prashmana Mahākaṣāya containing 10 drugs narrated by Acharya Caraka to prove the effective therapy of Śheetapitta, Udarda & Koṭha. Result – All the 10 medicines of Udarda Prashmana Mahākaṣāya show their effect for the treatment of Śheetapitta, Udarda & Koṭha.
Keywords: Śheetapitta, Udarda & Koṭha, Urticaria, Udarda Prashmana Mahākaṣāya, Śheetapitta, Udarda & Koṭha Treatment.
ETIOPATHOGENESIS OF KUSHTHA - A CONCEPTUAL STUDY
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Alam Mahtab , Singh Jai Kumar
Published: January 2022

Ayurveda has mentioned all skin illnesses under the name of Kushtha, and in different words, it could be known as "Ayurveda Dermatology". Kushtha is especially divided into seven types of Maha Kushtha and 11 types of Kshudra Kushtha. Generally, differential diagnosis and identification of a selected Kushtha may be very difficult as there aren't any clear tools or no images provided in authentic Ayurveda texts and it is also very difficult to understand the pathogenicity hence, to overcome this problem, a deep study of literature on skin illnesses was performed in this article in titles of Aetiology, As a Sankramaka Roga and Hereditary incidence.
Keywords: Kushtha, Aetiology, Sankramaka Roga, Hereditary incidence, Dhatus
COVID-19: A PROPHYLACTIC AND BASIC CURATIVE APPROACH THROUGH AYURVEDA
Authors: Kushwaha Atal Singh , Keswani Lajwanti , Shrivastav Rajeev
Published: January 2022

The article reviews basic prophylactic and curative approaches mentioned in Ayurveda classics. As the current scenario is worst across the nation due to severe covid outrage it becomes merely important to explore and tell general society about the way of living through Ayurveda. Ayurveda is a science of life and not only a curative science, several basic principles are mentioned in it which should be followed by everyone like Dicharya, Ritu- charya, Aahar Matra, Rasayan Sevan etc, these all can be the shielding protection from such infection to a great extent. Ayurveda doesn’t give much stress on naming any particular disease rather it focuses mainly on under- standing the pathogenesis through basic principles such as tri-sutra and treat it accordingly, this can frame a basic treatment approach also against this devil covid-19 which can be useful in treating mild cases easily and to a great extent. This paperwork in this regard.
Keywords: Covid-19, Dincharya, Ritucharya, Aahar Matra, Rasayan Sevan, Tri Sutra.
ROLE OF VIRECHANA KARMA & MADHUTAILIKA BASTI IN THE MANAGEMENT OF EKAKUSHTA
Authors: C Shubha , Kynshikhar Amanda Kittie , B A Pooja , Pattnaik Sangamitra , Biswas Abhishek
Published: January 2022

A Hindu female patient of age 30 yrs. with a history of dry scaly white patches over the skin since childhood with prevailing signs of swelling wounds over the patches on the right foot and left palm for six months, diagnosed as a case of Psoriasis came for treatment at Sushrutha Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital, Bangalore. Considering the signs and symptoms patient was treated in the line of Ekakustha. Classical Virechana Karma followed by Shamana Aushadhi and Madhutailika Basti was administered. Significant relief was found in the signs and symp- toms with no recurrence after the treatment.
Keywords: Ekakushta, Psoriasis, Classical Virechana, Madhutailika Basti, Shamana Aushadhi.
КОМУНИКАЦИОНЕН ОКТАГОН: АСПЕКТИ НА ИНТЕЛИГЕНТНОСТТА ПРЕЗ ПРИЗМАТА НА КОМУНИКАЦИОННАТА СРЕДА
Authors:   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, Илиязова Айля
Published: January 2022

The aim of the paper is to highlight certain aspects of the semantic profile of the concept of "intelligence" through a model called "communication octagon", focusing on the theory of dynamics of communication links, and to analyze the interaction between the intelligent system and the social environment. The focus of interest in the study is human intelligence, based on individual biological differences, which can be modified as a result of construction and transmission of knowledge, mutual emotional transfer, making cognitive requirements (directed inwards and outwards, towards the environment), and as a result of dynamic social interactions.
„ПОСЛАТЕЛНИКЪТ“ НА НЕОФИТ БОЗВЕЛИ И ЕМАНУИЛ ВАСКИДОВИЧ И ТЕХНИТЕ ВЪЗРОЖДЕНСКИ ПОСЛАНИЯ
Authors:   Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, Иванова Диана
Published: January 2022

The article discusses „Poslatelnikat“, the sixth part of the famous encyclopedic edition of „Slavenobolgarskoe Detevodstvo“ by Neofit Bozveli and Emanuil Vaskidovich (Kragujevac, 1835). The study focuses on the views of the two prominent Revival figures, conceptualised in the context of the second quarter of the 19th century - a time of controversy and choices regarding the type of education, upbringing of the younger generation, the nature of literary language and other important issues, which are on the agenda of the Bulgarian intellectuals, associated with the ideas of the European Enlightenment.
The Allied Health Professions
Authors: Nancarrow Susan , Borthwick Alan
Published: January 2022

Drawing on case studies from optometrists, physiotherapists, pedorthists and allied health assistants, this book offers an innovative comparison of allied health occupations in Australia and Britain. Adopting a theory of the sociology of health professions, it explores how the allied health professions can achieve their professional goals.
The Role of Social Work in Residential Aged Care Facilities: Evaluation of a Pilot Program in Australia
Authors: Lee Jodie , Splawa-Neyman Michael , McDermott Fiona
Published: January 2022

In some international settings, social workers are employed within aged care settings. However, in Australia, social workers rarely work in residential aged care facilities. In an innovative program, an Australian health network employed a social worker in an aged residential care facility from 2010 to 2011. In this research we examine and evaluate this program. Qualitative semi-structured interviews with nine key stakeholders and data extraction from medical records were conducted. Data from medical records and interview transcripts were coded and themes extracted using thematic analysis. Thematic analysis identified five key themes reflecting the roles performed by the social worker. These were: (1) The importance of having an independent third party, (2) The provision of emotional support to residents, carers and families during the transition period, (3) The importance of role clarity, (4) The provision of family-centered care, and (5) Social work responses to potential difficulties which were preventative rather than reactive. The move into residential aged care can be an overwhelming, and in some cases, traumatic transition for residents and families. Results identified that timely and expert social work intervention can improve the transition process through the provision of counselling to effectively manage grief, loss, and psychosocial issues.
Pengaruh Suplementasi Tepung Batang Brotowali (Tinospora crispa L) dalam Ransum terhadap Kualitas Fisik Daging Broiler pada Penyimpanan Suhu Dingin
Authors: Armayanti Andi Kurnia , Nursaiba  , Muhammad Erik Kurniawan
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi tepung batang brotowali (Tinospora crispa L) dalam ransum terhadap kualitas fisik daging broiler pada penyimpanan suhu dingin. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan penelitian adalah level tepung botowali 0%, 0.5% , 1% dan 1.5%. Parameter yang diamati adalah kualitas fisik daging yang meliputi pH, susut masak, dan daya ikat air. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung batang brotowali dengan level yang berbeda tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata pada kualitas fisik daging broiler selama penyimpanan suhu dingin.
INTERNATIONAL LAW STANDARDS REGARDING SUBSTANTIVE PETTY OFFENCES LAW
Authors:   Legal Department, General Directorate of the State Forests, Poland, Iwański Maciej
Published: January 2022

This article attempts to identify and analyse, in the light of the provisions of the acts of international law, the following issues belonging to the substantive part of the law on petty offences: the general problem of criminalization in petty offenses law and; the question of the criminal nature of the law of petty offenses, and thus the application of individual provisions to it and the resulting guarantees appropriate to that law; the application of the principle of guilt on the basis of the analysed regulations as a premise for assigning liability; the principle of ne bis in idem; the principle of nullum crimen nulla poena sine lege, especially in so far as it derives from the principle of lex mitior retro agit.
THE ALTERNATIVE SANCTIONS SYSTEMS IN SERBIA AND THE NETHERLANDS: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH EXAMPLES FROM CASE LAW
Authors:   President of the Basic Court in Požega, Tešović Olga , de Klerk Lieneke ,   Senior Judge in the Court Oost-Brabant, The Netherlands
Published: January 2022

Alternative sanctions are a deviation from the traditional system of imprisonment and their advantage certainly lies in a more humane and less repressive treatment of convicted persons. Alternative sanctions need to be present in the criminal sanctions system of every country in order to make this system more effective, primarily having in mind the goals of special prevention. This paper aims to present the alternative sanctions systems in Serbia and the Netherlands, respectively, with reference to case law examples, as well as to perform a comparative analysis of the two systems and indicate their advantages and disadvantages, as well as methods of their improvement.
IMPACT OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES ON FREE MOVEMENT OF EVIDENCE IN EUROPEAN UNION
Authors:   Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, Matić Bošković Marina
Published: January 2022

According to the estimate of the EU Commission 85 percent of criminal investigations require electronic evidence, while in almost two thirds (65 percent) of the investigations where e-evidence is relevant. Investigation and prosecution of crime increasingly relies on the possibility to have access to data held by service providers, as private company. Modern criminal investigation and use of electronic evidence imposes challenges to the right to fair trial and rule of law standards. The paper identifies benefits and challenges of proposed EU instruments for facilitating e-evidence. The European Commission proposed Regulation of Production Order and Preservation Order with the aim to facilitate access to relevant data stored by service providers. The paper recognizes shortcomings of the proposed Regulation. The biggest challenge is lack of judicial oversight of orders, as a guarantee of fair trial. The paper includes recommendations and policy options for promoting judicial system for cross border access and collection of electronic data in line with EU fundamental rights standards.
LA CAPACITACIÓN METODOLÓGICA A DOCENTES DE INFORMÁTICA, EN LA GESTIÓN CON HERRAMIENTAS DE TELEFORMACIÓN
Authors: Rodríguez Rodríguez Anyelis , Trujillo Saínz José Alexis
Published: January 2022

En la actualidad la humanidad se encuentra en medio de un imparable avance tecnológico que de muchas maneras impacta la sociedad actual. Los Entornos Virtuales de Enseñanza Aprendizaje son en la actualidad la arquitectura tecnológica que da sustento funcional a las diversas iniciativas de teleformación. El artículo aborda uno de los resultados parciales de la investigación “La capacitación metodológica a docentes de Informática, en la gestión con Moodle como herramienta de teleformación”, la que propone el trabajo con elementos de teleformación haciendo uso del Moodle, en la asignatura de informática, en 12 grado de la educación preuniversitaria; relacionados con los nuevos programas incluidos a raíz del III Perfeccionamiento del Sistema Nacional Educativo donde se desea que el estudiante se apropie de conocimientos que le permitan prepararse para desarrollar procesos de aprendizaje con altos niveles de independencia y autodidactismo sustentándose en el empleo de software educativos concebidos para aprendizajes desde plataformas didácticas virtuales. Se utilizaron métodos del nivel teórico y empírico, todos bajo un enfoque metodológico general dialectico-materialista. Se logró la creación de un sistema de talleres que contribuyen a la capacitación de los docentes de la asignatura Informática en la enseñanza preuniversitaria, que permitirá potenciar la preparación de los educandos al enfrentarse al nivel superior.
ORIENTACIÓN PROFESIONAL EN LA EDUCACIÓN MEDIA Y DESARROLLO LOCAL
Authors: Miranda Pérez Claudia , Reyes Torres Ariel Caridad , Barrera Cabrera Isbel
Published: January 2022

La necesidad de una orientación profesional que permita lograr la matrícula de los estudiantes en las diferentes especialidades y carreras, en correspondencia con el desarrollo de la economía y la sociedad, fundamentalmente, incrementar la matrícula en carreras agropecuarias, pedagógicas, tecnológicas y de ciencias básicas afines. Por tales razones reforzar, de conjunto con las entidades de la producción y los servicios, las organizaciones políticas, estudiantiles y de masas y con la participación de la familia, la formación vocacional y orientación profesional, desde la primaria. Por ello los profesores de la enseñanza media tiene como reto desarrollar un proceso de orientación profesional en la escuela, que responda a las demandas del territorio, para formar a los profesionales que son fundamentales para su desarrollo. Por tanto, el proceso educativo en los diferentes centros educacionales, debe contribuir a la formación de la vocación, intereses y motivaciones en los estudiantes, por aquellas profesiones que respaldan los sectores estratégicos.
SISTEMA DE ACTIVIDADES METODOLÓGICAS, EN CONCEPCIÓN DE RED, PARA PERFECCIONAR LA PREPARACIÓN DE LA ASIGNATURA DIRIGIDA A LOS CONTENIDOS DE CÉLULA
Authors: Rodríguez Acevedo Anabel , Castillo Rocubert Niurka
Published: January 2022

En el trabajo se presenta una síntesis de las consideraciones acerca del trabajo metodológico, categoría que se introduce en nuestra práctica pedagógica a partir del proceso de perfeccionamiento de la educación que tiene lugar a partir del año 1975. El perfeccionamiento de la preparación de la asignatura en concepción de red, en los contenidos de célula es un proceso permanente que impone la necesidad de conocer el comportamiento del sistema y la proyección de las soluciones a los problemas encontrados en la preparación de cuadros y docentes, de manera ininterrumpida y sistemática. Elevar su calidad, exige tomar como punto de partida el desarrollo de investigaciones de carácter diagnóstico-pronóstico, que permitan conocer los rasgos más significativos de constatación de su estado como fenómeno investigado.
WEB OF SCIENCE VERİ TABANINDA ANALİTİK HİYERARŞİ PROSESİYLE İLGİLİ YAYINLARIN BİBLİYOMETRİK ANALİZİ
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Ali , KÜÇÜKESMEN Ercan
Published: January 2022

Çok Kriterli Karar Verme yöntemleri, nitel ve nicel verilerin bir arada kullanılarak problemlerin çözümünde kullanılmaktadır. Bu yöntemlerden en yaygın şekilde tercih edilenlerden biri de Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi yöntemidir. Bu çalışmada Web of Science veri tabanında yayınlanmış olan Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi yöntemi konulu yayınların bibliyometrik açıdan analiz edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu çalışma için önerilen model, Tranfield vd.’nin (2003) araştırması ekseninde planlama, yönetme ve raporlama aşamalarından oluşmaktadır. VOSviewer v. 1.6.17 programı ile 29.10.2021 tarihinde yapılan ilk analiz sonucu, 1980-2021 yılları arasında Web of Science veri tabanına ait 36.405 yayın elde edilmiştir. Araştırmanın amaç, kapsam ve modeli temelinde 10 araştırma sorusu oluşturulmuştur. Bu sorular temelinde yapılan analiz sonucunda, 1980-2021 yılları arasında Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi yöntemiyle yapılmış yayınlar en yüksek düzeyine 2020’de ulaşmıştır. Bu yöntem, 19 farklı doküman türünde yayınlanmıştır. 36.405 yayının yaklaşık %98’i makale, bildiri ve derleme şeklindedir. Bu konuda 149 farklı araştırma alanının 64.911 kez incelendiği tespit edilmiştir. En temel araştırma alanları; mühendislik, bilgisayar, işletme, ekoloji, araştırma yönetimi, teknolojik alanlarla ilgili diğer konular, enerji, inşaat, jeoloji ve su kaynakları şeklindedir. Yayınlar, 158 farklı ülkede yayınlanmıştır. Bu konuda en yüksek yayınlanma sayısı Çin’e aittir. Yayınlar, 24 farklı yazım dilinde yayınlanmıştır. Uluslararası alanda yer alan veri tabanlarında genellikle bu konudaki yazım dili olarak İngilizce tercih edilmektedir. Ayrıca bu konudaki en yüksek atıf sayısına sahip yayın, Saaty (1990)’nin “How to Make a Decision - The Analytic Hierarchy Process” adlı makalesidir. Yayınlar incelendiğinde en çok tercih edilen anahtar kelimeler; “AHP, analitik hiyerarşi prosesi ve analitik hiyerarşi süreci” olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bibliyometrik analizler konu, alan ve yöntem temelinde ilgili yazarlara literatür hakkında geniş ve kapsamlı bir bilgi sunmaktadır. Bu araştırmaların artması yazarların ve araştırmacıların ilgilendikleri alanları daha iyi tanımlamalarına imkân sağlamaktadır.
Cross-Cultural and Gender Comparison of Emotional Connotation of Words
Authors: Liang Yaxuan , Xu Xiaohong
Published: January 2022

So far, scientists have researched to explore the emotional connotation of words in different native languages and genders. This study investigates how connotations of words differ by cultures and genders by inspecting valence values, which indicates how happy people feel about specific words in datasets obtained from USA, Spain, and Portuguese. To fulfill the objective, we categorized people’s feelings evoked by the words based on a criterion created by adding or subtracting standard deviation to or from valence means for the upper and lower bound. Then, words with valence values outside of the upper and lower bounds were categorized as emotional words (positive or negative) and were analyzed. The results show that people of different cultures are more connected regarding the perception of negative connotation of words than positive connotation. Moreover, Portuguese and Spanish are more connected than either of them with the US as they have more emotion words in common. On the gender aspect, we notice that females tend to give more extreme ratings for words than males. Furthermore, the analysis shows that males have a more positive feeling towards sex-related words than females. Overall, this study outlines a way for people interested in anthropology to understand the differences in the emotional connotation of words between males and females and across cultures.
The Impact of Transformational and Servant Leadership Models on Perceived Organizational Support, Job Satisfaction, and Life Satisfaction in the Ministry of Clergies of Synod of Gereja Kristus During The Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Hermawati Oki , Zalukhu Amirrudin , Djap Wylen , Santoso Erwin , Hidayat Dylmoon
Published: January 2022

The pandemic presents various struggles, including among church leaders and the clergy who serve specifically within the Synod of Gereja Kristus. The research conducted on the clergy looked at the two sides of leadership, i.e. transformational and servant leadership, where both leaders were associated with perceived organizational support, job satisfaction and life satisfaction factors for personal calling in serving as clergy. The results showed a positive and significant effect of transformational leadership on perceived organizational support and life satisfaction. Job satisfaction as a mediating variable also has a significant and positive effect on life satisfaction.