bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive treatment for ROS1‐overexpressed pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Sun Wei , Wang Xinlian , Shi Qifeng , Li Xiao , Chen Chaobo
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical Message

In conclusion author highlights the tumor cell genetic testing or molecular pathological diagnosis plays a key role in the individualized treatment of PSC, which could benefit patients with advanced PSC.

An uncommon form of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a poor prognosis is pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC). Surgical resection is currently the preferred treatment, but guidelines for adjuvant chemotherapy have not yet been established, especially for the advanced stage. The development of molecular subgroups in the field of tumors may be advantageous to advanced PSC patients with the ongoing progress of genomics and immunology. A 54‐year‐old man presented to Xishan People's Hospital of Wuxi City with recurrent intermittent dry cough with fever for 1 month. Further examinations suggested the diagnosis of PSC occupying almost the entire right interlobar fissure area combined with malignant pleural effusion (Stage IVa). Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of PSC with ROS1 overexpressing via genetic testing. However, after three cycles of chemo‐, antiangiogenetic‐ and immunochemical therapy, the lesion was localized, and pleural effusion disappeared, the patient subsequently received an operation which was performed as R0 resection. Unfortunately, the patient became deteriorated quickly followed by extensive metastatic nodules in the thoracic cavity. Although the patient continued to receive chemo‐ and immunochemical‐therapy, it did not limit the progress of the tumor, leading to widespread metastasis, and eventually died of multiple organ failure. For PSC patients with Stage IVa, chemo‐, antiangiogenetic‐ and immunochemical‐therapy performs well in clinical efficacy, and comprehensive panel‐based genetic testing may offer PSC patients a somewhat better prognosis. However, blindly implementing surgical treatment may bring harm to the patient and affect long‐term survival. It's essential to know the surgical indications precisely by NSCLC guidelines.
Resuscitative TEE after open heart surgery: When POCUS fails to FOCUS
Authors: Higny Julien , Berners Yannick , Luchian Maria‐Luiza
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical Message

Echocardiography is key in evaluating the cause of collapse in the post‐cardiac surgery patient. Transesophageal echocardiography provides a greater capability for the diagnosis of pericardial effusion in patients who arrest after cardiac surgery.
Recurrent malignant peritoneal mesothelioma treated by a second resection: A case report
Authors: Miyata Takashi , Nishiki Hisashi , Shinden Yuki , Motoyama Shota , Sannomiya Yuta , Tamezawa Hozumi , Nagayama Taigo , Kin Ryosuke , Hashimoto Akifumi , Kaida Daisuke , Tomita Yasuto , Nakamura Naohiko , Miyashita Tomoharu , Fujita Hideto , Ueda Nobuhiko , Takamura Hiroyuki
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical Message

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma, a rare and poor prognosis disease, is seldom treated surgically, especially for recurrence. However, early diagnosis and aggressive treatment of primary and recurrent tumors can achieve long‐term patient survival.

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive tumor, and rarely indicated for surgery, especially for recurrence. In the present case, we report a rare case who could survive long‐term after two surgeries in 4 years for MPM.
Laparoscopic management of traumatic diaphragmatic rupture with herniation of abdominal contents into left hemithorax
Authors: Bairwa Banwari Lal , Anand Ayush
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical Message

Early traumatic diaphragmatic rupture diagnosis using radiological investigations and early surgical management is critical to avoid complications.

Traumatic diaphragmatic rupture (TDR) is a rare presentation reported following blunt trauma due to road traffic accidents. Our case showed the importance of early diagnosis of TDR using radiological investigations. Also, early surgical management is critical to avoid complications.
The Uncertain Role of Nominations for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry†
Authors: Seeman Jeffrey I. , Restrepo Guillermo
Published: May 2023

The solicitation of nominations for the Nobel Prizes in Chemistry (NPch) is and has been the first step in the selection process since the very first awards were made in 1901. The number of nominations solicited by and provided to the Nobel Committee for Chemistry supports the belief by the nominators that their nominations are meaningful. In this publication, we examine data culled from the Nobel Prize Nomination Archives for the period 1901–1970 of the variable role of nominations in the selection process for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The evidence is overwhelming that nominations, in general, during the 1901–1970 period have not been the deciding, overriding factor in the selection of the recipients of the NPch. Rather, we posit that nominations from the preselected nominator‐pool have been a source of information for the Committee, used to suggest future years’ contenders and possibly served as motivation for the Committee to seek nominations for specific nominees for future years. It is also clear that selections are often influenced by personal prejudices, for example, friendships, rivalries, and nationality.
Novel Method for the Synthesis of Merocyanines: New Photophysical Possibilities for a Known Class of Fluorophores
Authors: Bardi Brunella , Vygranenko Katerina V. , Koszarna Beata , Vakuliuk Olena , Dobrzycki Łukasz , Gryko Daniel T. , Terenziani Francesca , Painelli Anna
Published: May 2023

A new, transformative method for the preparation of rhodols and other merocyanines from readily available tetrafluorohydroxybenzaldehyde and aminophenols has been developed. It is now possible to prepare merocyanines bearing three fluorine atoms and additional conjugated rings, and the whole one‐pot process occurs under neutral, mild conditions. Three heretofore unknown merocyanine‐based architectures were prepared using this strategy from aminonaphthols and 4‐hydroxycoumarins. The ability to change the structure of original rhodol chromophore into π‐expanded merocyanines translates to a comprehensive method for the modulation of photophysical properties, such as shifting the absorption and emission bands across almost the entire visible spectrum, reaching a huge Stokes shift i. e. 4800 cm−1, brightness approximately 80.000 M−1 cm−1, two‐photon absorption cross‐section above 150 GM and switching‐on/off solvatofluorochromism. A detailed investigation allowed to rationalize the different spectroscopic behavior of rhodols and new merocyanines, addressing solvatochromism and two‐photon absorption.
Turning the Imidazole Core into Three‐Dimensional Ring Systems: Mild Organocatalytic Entry to Enantiopure 6,7‐Dihydrobenzimidazoles
Authors: Marcantonio Enrico , Guazzetti Debora , Bugatti Kelly , Battistini Lucia , Sartori Andrea , Pelosi Giorgio , Curti Claudio , Zanardi Franca
Published: May 2023

Organocatalytic asymmetric transformation of common aromatic heterocycles via in situ formation of highly reactive dearomatized ortho‐quinodimethane diene species and subsequent [4+2] cycloaddition with suitable dienophiles has become a powerful tool to enter cyclohexane‐fused heterocycles. Most of these reactions were previously applied to benzo‐fused heterocycles or poorly aromatic rings. Herein, we disclose how previously intractable aromatic imidazole rings, equipped with removable methylidene malononitrile activating handle, could be involved as competent cycloaddends with β‐aryl enals in efficient eliminative [4+2] cycloadditions under mild organocatalytic conditions. This method allowed the efficient and direct preparation of scantly represented 6,7‐dihydrobenzo[d]imidazoles with optimal enantio‐ and regioselectivities. Post‐cycloaddition chemical editing provided imidazole‐based ring systems with diverse oxidation state and functional groups.
Xanthene‐Separated 24 π‐Electron Antiaromatic Rosarin Dimer
Authors: Lee Seokwon , Wang Yuying , Dutta Ranjan , Lee Chang‐Hee , Sessler Jonathan L. , Kim Dongho
Published: May 2023

Antiaromatic molecules have recently received attention because of their intrinsic properties, such as high reactivity and their narrow HOMO–LUMO gaps. Stacking of antiaromatic molecules has been predicted to induce three‐dimensional aromaticity via frontier orbital interactions. Here, we report a covalently linked π‐π stacked rosarin dimer that has been examined experimentally by steady‐state absorption and transient absorption measurements and theoretically by quantum chemical calculations, including time‐dependent density functional theory, anisotropy of induced current density, and nucleus‐independent chemical shift calculations. Relative to the corresponding monomer, the dimer exhibits diminished antiaromaticity upon lowering the temperature to 77 K, a finding ascribed to intramolecular interactions between the macrocyclic rosarin subunits.
Reduced left ventricular dynamics modeling based on a cylindrical assumption
Authors: Genet Martin , Diaz Jérôme , Chapelle Dominique , Moireau Philippe
Published: May 2023

Biomechanical modeling and simulation is expected to play a significant role in the development of the next generation tools in many fields of medicine. However, full‐order finite element models of complex organs such as the heart can be computationally very expensive, thus limiting their practical usability. Therefore, reduced models are much valuable to be used, for example, for pre‐calibration of full‐order models, fast predictions, real‐time applications, and so forth. In this work, focused on the left ventricle, we develop a reduced model by defining reduced geometry & kinematics while keeping general motion and behavior laws, allowing to derive a reduced model where all variables & parameters have a strong physical meaning. More specifically, we propose a reduced ventricular model based on cylindrical geometry & kinematics, which allows to describe the myofiber orientation through the ventricular wall and to represent contraction patterns such as ventricular twist, two important features of ventricular mechanics. Our model is based on the original cylindrical model of Guccione, McCulloch, & Waldman (1991); Guccione, Waldman, & McCulloch (1993), albeit with multiple differences: we propose a fully dynamical formulation, integrated into an open‐loop lumped circulation model, and based on a material behavior that incorporates a fine description of contraction mechanisms; moreover, the issue of the cylinder closure has been completely reformulated; our numerical approach is novel aswell, with consistent spatial (finite element) and time discretizations. Finally, we analyze the sensitivity of the model response to various numerical and physical parameters, and study its physiological response.
Computer data processing method of map manifold based on derivative transfer approach
Authors: Jia Meng , Sun Zheren
Published: May 2023

With the rapid development of Internet technology and the rapid upgrade of hardware devices such as computers and smartphones, the data processed by computers often presents a high dimension. How to reduce data dimension and improve data processing speed is a hot research topic in the computer field. One shortcoming of one‐dimensional manifold calculation methods via sequence points is that the position of new points on the manifold is determined by searching the existing manifold by dichotomy, which is tedious and time‐consuming. This paper improved this method based on derivative transfer. According to the calculation results of one‐dimensional stable and unstable manifolds, they exhibited a special property, that is, for any point on the manifold orbit, its image and preimage must also be on the manifold orbit. Based on this, the derivative transfer method was used to improve the calculation of one‐dimensional manifolds for the map, and a three‐step calculation method of “prediction‐correction‐accuracy verification” was proposed. Then this method was applied to the simulation of high‐dimensional manifolds. The simulation results revealed that the proposed method refined the manifold calculation and greatly enhanced the computation speed.
Growth curves of common factors in psychotherapy: Multilevel growth modelling and outcome analysis
Authors: Meier Deborah , Tschacher Wolfgang , Frommer Angela , Moggi Franz , Pfammatter Mario
Published: May 2023

Objective

A large body of literature discusses change mechanisms underlying psychotherapy with an emphasis on common factors. The present study examined how different comprehensive common factors change over the course of therapy and whether this change was associated with clinical outcome at discharge.

Method

Three hundred forty‐eight adults (mean age = 32.1, SD = 10.6; 64% female) attended a standardized 14‐week day‐clinic psychotherapy program. They provided longitudinal data on common factors based on weekly assessments. Additionally, pre‐ and post‐assessment questionnaires on clinical outcome were completed. Using multilevel modelling, we predicted common factors by time (week in therapy). Multiple linear regression models tested the association between changes in common factors and clinical outcome.

Results

The common factor ‘Therapeutic Alliance’ was best fitted by linear growth models, whereas models for the common factors ‘Coping’, ‘Cognitive Integration’ and ‘Affective Processing’ indicated logarithmic changes over time. ‘Coping’, that is change in patients' ability to cope with their individual problems, was most closely linked with outcome.

Conclusions

The present study provides evidence for the changeability of common factors over the course of therapy as well as their specific contributions to psychotherapeutic progress.
Strawberry breeding for improved flavor
Authors: Porter Mark , Fan Zhen , Lee Seonghee , Whitaker Vance M.
Published: May 2023

Strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier) is cultivated and enjoyed globally for its health properties and flavor. Improvements in agronomic performance and fruit quality attributes highlight the successes of strawberry breeding in recent decades. Nevertheless, sweetness and flavor continue to fall below the ideal for the average consumer. While flavor is an important trait of focus, it is one of many critical traits necessary for the success of a strawberry variety. In addition, the chemical complexity of flavor and the genetic complexity of octoploid strawberry have slowed the development of genomics tools for flavor improvement. Recent efforts to understand consumer preference and the chemical drivers of strawberry flavor have revealed the strong impact of sugar content and specific volatile compounds. These large‐scale sensory studies combined with multi‐omics resources have set the stage for new levels of flavor improvement. Marker‐assisted selection for volatile biosynthesis genes has begun to take place in breeding programs, along with genomic selection for increased sugar content. Enhancing levels of existing volatile compounds and targeted introgression of rare compounds using genomics tools will continue to improve flavor intensity and complexity.
A comparative study of oil, protein, and fatty acid content of 12 cultivars of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown from two regions in Shandong province, China
Authors: Liu Zhaoxin , Li Xiangdong
Published: May 2023

Peanut is a primary oil crop that is cultivated on a large scale in Shandong province, China. This study evaluated the oil, protein, and fatty acid compositions of different types of peanut cultivars growing in different ecological regions (Yantai and Heze) in Shandong province from 2019 to 2020. The results showed that the oil content ranged from 38.83% to 56.48%, and the protein content ranged from 21.80% to 31.65% among the studied sites. The oleic acid content and ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid (O/L) ranged from 39.19% to 52.58% and from 0.92 to 1.77, respectively. Accessions TY107, TY109, and HS‐D‐1 were identified as the most promising oil varieties; HY20 and HY6314 were identified as optimal protein varieties; and HY9311, HY9310, and LH09‐2 were identified as promising varieties for oleic acid production. A significant and positive relationship between seed oil content and accumulated growing degree days (GDD) and insolation duration demonstrated that environments with high temperatures and a long insolation duration promoted oil synthesis. However, a positive relationship was observed only between GDD and protein content. Based on the meteorological conditions of Shandong province, the southwest (such as Heze) is an optimal region for cultivating peanuts with high oil content; the east (Yantai) is most suitable for high‐protein peanut production. The results indicate that the growing conditions should carefully be considered for sustainable and healthy development of the peanut industry as climate variables will likely influence seed composition, thus affecting the suitability for various end uses.
Reciprocal recurrent selection based on genetic complementation: An efficient way to build heterosis in diploids due to directional dominance
Authors: Covarrubias‐Pazaran Giovanny , Werner Christian , Gemenet Dorcus
Published: May 2023

Depending on the trait architecture and reproduction system, selection strategies in plant breeding focus on the accumulation of additive, dominance effects, or both. Innovation in the exploitation of dominance‐effect‐based heterosis has been limited since the proposal of general combining ability (GCA)‐based approaches. We propose the use of a new surrogate of genetic complementation between genetic pools to increase accumulation of dominance effects and heterosis. We simulated breeding programs to show how reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS) by genetic complementation would build the dominance‐based heterosis cheaper than GCA‐based approaches and used real phenotypic data from hybrid maize (Zea mays) to demonstrate the underlying concepts. We found RRS by genetic complementation to be an attractive and viable strategy to exploit dominance, build de novo heterotic pools, and enhance the current GCA‐based approaches. If demonstrated in practice, we hypothesized that this approach would lower the cost of hybrid breeding drastically and contribute to food security.
Potential Health Risks of Methylmercury Contamination to Largemouth Bass in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Seymour Ryan D. , Drenner Ray W. , Chumchal Matthew M.
Published: May 2023

Widespread mercury (Hg) contamination of freshwater systems, due primarily to deposition of atmospheric inorganic Hg (IHg), poses a potential threat to recreational fisheries. In aquatic ecosystems, IHg is converted by bacteria to methylmercury (MeHg), a potent toxin that bioaccumulates in consumers and biomagnifies through the food web, reaching elevated concentrations in fish. Methylmercury has concentration-dependent sublethal effects on fish, including reductions in reproductive output. In the present study, we conducted the first analysis of the potential health risks of MeHg contamination to largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), a popular game fish, in the southeastern United States. To assess the potential health risk posed by MeHg to largemouth bass, we compared MeHg concentrations in three sizes of adult largemouth bass to benchmarks associated with the onset of adverse health effects in fish. We also determined how the risk posed by MeHg to largemouth bass varied spatially throughout the southeastern United States. Our study suggests that in the southeastern United States MeHg poses a potential risk to largemouth bass health and that MeHg contamination may be detrimental to the fisheries of this economically important species of game fish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1755–1762. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

Abstract

In the southeastern United States, the potential health risks posed by methylmercury (MeHg) to largemouth bass increases with the average concentration of MeHg in largemouth bass within an ecoregion and largemouth bass size.
Evaluating and Explaining the Variability of Honey Bee Field Studies across Europe Using BEEHAVE
Authors: Agatz Annika , Miles Mark , Roeben Vanessa , Schad Thorsten , van der Stouwe Frederik , Zakharova Liubov , Preuss Thomas G.
Published: May 2023

To assess the effect of plant protection products on pollinator colonies, the higher tier of environmental risk assessment (ERA), for managed honey bee colonies and other pollinators, is in need of a mechanistic effect model. Such models are seen as a promising solution to the shortcomings, which empirical risk assessment can only overcome to a certain degree. A recent assessment of 40 models conducted by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) revealed that BEEHAVE is currently the only publicly available mechanistic honey bee model that has the potential to be accepted for ERA purposes. A concern in the use of this model is a lack of model validation against empirical data, spanning field studies conducted in different regions of Europe and covering the variability in colony and environmental conditions. We filled this gap with a BEEHAVE validation study against 66 control colonies of field studies conducted across Germany, Hungary, and the United Kingdom. Our study implements realistic initial colony size and landscape structure to consider foraging options. Overall, the temporal pattern of colony strength is predicted well. Some discrepancies between experimental data and prediction outcomes are explained by assumptions made for model parameterization. Complementary to the recent EFSA study using BEEHAVE, our validation covers a large variability in colony conditions and environmental impacts representing the Northern and Central European Regulatory Zones. Thus we believe that BEEHAVE can be used to serve the development of specific protection goals as well as the development of simulation scenarios for the European Regulatory Zone. Subsequently, the model can be applied as a standard tool for higher tier ERA of managed honey bees using the mechanistic ecotoxicological module for BEEHAVE, BEEHAVEecotox. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1839–1850. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

Abstract

BEEHAVE evaluation on honey bee field studies conducted in Germany, Hungary, and the United Kingdom. OSR = oil seed rape.
Addressing Coldwater Temperature Impairment in a Changing Climate
Authors: Kusnierz Paul C , Leiman Jonathan , Jager Henriette I
Published: May 2023

Climate change is concerning for fisheries professionals because increased water temperatures threaten coldwater habitats, which are vital to recreational and commercial fisheries and keystone species. The Clean Water Act provides a legal framework to identify and address water quality impairments including those associated with temperature. Although this framework provides a basic strategy to identify impairments, develop total maximum daily loads, and reduce pollution, it does not explicitly consider the challenges of a changing climate in addressing water quality impairments. Clean Water Act administrators and fisheries professionals can facilitate temperature restoration planning and implementation using the Clean Water Act framework to link stakeholders to the management of coldwater resources. Stakeholder engagement and collaboration, robust local monitoring, and incorporating climate resilience into restoration planning and implementation will promote comprehensive management of temperature impairments and the effects of climate change on fisheries.
The Kimberlina synthetic multiphysics dataset for CO2 monitoring investigations
Authors: Alumbaugh David , Gasperikova Erika , Crandall Dustin , Commer Michael , Feng Shihang , Harbert William , Li Yaoguo , Lin Youzuo , Samarasinghe Savini
Published: May 2023

We present a synthetic multi‐scale, multi‐physics dataset constructed from the Kimberlina 1.2 CO2 reservoir model based on a potential CO2 storage site in the Southern San Joaquin Basin of California. Among 300 models, one selected reservoir‐simulation scenario produces hydrologic‐state models at the onset and after 20 years of CO2 injection. Subsequently, these models were transformed into geophysical properties, including P‐ and S‐wave seismic velocities, saturated density where the saturating fluid can be a combination of brine and supercritical CO2, and electrical resistivity using established empirical petrophysical relationships. From these 3D distributions of geophysical properties, we have generated synthetic time‐lapse seismic, gravity and electromagnetic responses with acquisition geometries that mimic realistic monitoring surveys and are achievable in actual field situations. We have also created a series of synthetic well logs of CO2 saturation, acoustic velocity, density and induction resistivity in the injection well and three monitoring wells. These were constructed by combining the low‐frequency trend of the geophysical models with the high‐frequency variations of actual well logs collected at the potential storage site. In addition, to better calibrate our datasets, measurements of permeability and pore connectivity have been made on cores of Vedder Sandstone, which forms the primary reservoir unit. These measurements provide the range of scales in the otherwise synthetic dataset to be as close to a real‐world situation as possible. This dataset consisting of the reservoir models, geophysical models, simulated time‐lapse geophysical responses and well logs forms a multi‐scale, multi‐physics testbed for designing and testing geophysical CO2 monitoring systems as well as for imaging and characterization algorithms. The suite of numerical models and data have been made publicly available for downloading on the National Energy Technology Laboratory's (NETL) Energy Data Exchange (EDX) website.
The CA2 hippocampal subfield in humans: A review
Authors: Insausti Ricardo , Muñoz‐López Monica , Insausti Ana Maria
Published: May 2023

CA2 is probably the most enigmatic of the hippocampal fields. It is small in size (in humans about 500 μm across the mediolateral axis), and yet, it is involved in important functions, such as in social memory and anxiety. This study offers a glimpse of several significant aspects of the anatomical organization of CA2. We present an overview of the anatomical structure of CA2, imbued in the general organization of the human hippocampal formation. The location and distinctiveness of CA2 is presented in relation with CA3 and CA1, based in a total of 23 human control cases serially sectioned throughout the whole longitudinal axis of the hippocampus, examined every 500 μm in Nissl‐stained sections. The longitudinal extent of CA2 is close to 30 mm, starting in the hippocampal head, 2.5 mm caudal to the DG and 3.5 mm caudal to the start of CA3, approximately 10 mm from the hippocampus rostral end. The connectional information of human CA2 is very scarce, thereby we relied on nonhuman primate tract tracing studies of the hippocampal formation, given its resemblance to the human brain. Human CA2 is subject of neuropathological studies, and we chose to present Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis in those aspects that impinge directly into CA2.
SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen detection by saliva; an alternative to nasopharyngeal specimen: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Jubair Mohammad , Rahman Sezanur , Begum Mst. Noorjahan , Talha Muhammad , Musarrat Raisha , Rahman A. K. M. Shafiqur , Uddin Mohammed Shehab , Wen AiMin , Ning YaoHui , Nahar Kamrun , Rahman Mohammed Ziaur , Rahman Mustafizur
Published: May 2023

Background and Aims

Saliva samples are less invasive and more convenient for patients than naso‐ and/or oropharynx swabs (NOS). However, there is no US Food and Drug Administration‐approved severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) rapid antigen test kit, which can be useful in a prolonged pandemic to reduce transmission by allowing suspected individuals to self‐sampling. We evaluated the performances of High sensitive AQ+ Rapid SARS‐CoV‐2 Antigen Test (AQ+ kit) using nasopharyngeal swabs (NPs) and saliva specimens from the same patients in laboratory conditions.

Methods

The real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (rRT‐PCR) test result was used for screening the inrolled individuals and compared as the gold standard. NP and saliva samples were collected from 100 rRT‐PCR positives and 100 negative individuals and tested with an AQ+ kit.

Results

The AQ+ kit showed good performances in both NP and saliva samples with an overall accuracy of 98.5% and 94.0%, and sensitivity of 97.0% and 88.0%, respectively. In both cases, specificity was 100%. AQ+ kit performance with saliva was in the range of the World Health Organization recommended value.

Conclusion

xOur findings indicate that the saliva specimen can be used as an alternative and less invasive to NPs for quick and reliable SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen detection.
Investigating the relationship between socioeconomic status and domestic violence against women in Isfahan, Iran in 2021: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Dabaghi Niloofar , Amini‐Rarani Mostafa , Nosratabadi Mehdi
Published: May 2023

Background and Aims

Domestic violence can include controlling or coercive behaviors and acts, as well as physical, sexual, psychological, and financial elements. Given the significance of domestic violence against women and its complications, this study looked into the relationship between socioeconomic status and domestic violence against women in Isfahan in 2019.

Methods

In 2021, a cross‐sectional study of 427 married women referred to comprehensive health centers in Isfahan, Iran, was carried out. The available sampling method was chosen. To collect data, a domestic violence questionnaire and a socioeconomic status index were used. The data were analyzed using SPSS and Latent GOLD software.

Results

The average age of the women in this study was 33.21, 37% worked, and 63 were housewives. Based on Latent class analysis method, women were classified into two groups of high or low socioeconomic status class. The findings revealed a significant relationship between socioeconomic status and different types of violence against women, including light physical violence, emotional violence, verbal violence, and sexual violence (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between socioeconomic status and domestic violence against women in Isfahan, with women from lower socioeconomic backgrounds being more vulnerable to violence. Given the prevalence of violence against women in the family and its consequences, policy makers should look for the causes of this type of violence as well as solutions to reduce this health and social problem. Factors such as the expansion of counseling and treatment centers in health care facilities, as well as education and life skills training, are particularly important in reducing this phenomenon in society.
A pattern‐centered analysis of adolescents' concerns and hopes about future crises: Differences in ways of coping and personal adjustment
Authors: Zimmer‐Gembeck Melanie J. , Modecki Kathryn , Duffy Amanda L. , Hawes Tanya , Farrell Lara J. , Waters Allison M. , Gardner Alex A. , Shum David , Skinner Ellen A.
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Many adolescents are concerned about global and future crises, such as the health of the planet or terrorism/safety. Yet, adolescents can also express hope about the future. Thus, asking adolescents about their concern and hope could yield subgroups with different ways of coping and personal adjustment.

Method

Australian adolescents (N = 863; age 10–16) completed surveys to report their concern (worry and anger) and hope about the planet, safety, jobs, income, housing, and technology, as well as their active and avoidant coping, depression, and life satisfaction.

Results

Four distinct subgroups were identified using cluster analysis: Hopeful (low on concern and high on hope across all issues, 32%), Uninvolved (low in concern and hope; 26%), Concerned about the Planet (CP, 27%), and Concerned about Future Life (CFL, 15%). When compared (adjusting for age, sex, and COVID timing), the CP subgroup was highest in active coping (e.g., taking action) but moderate in personal adjustment. Hopeful had the most positive adjustment, whereas CFL had the poorest adjustment. Uninvolved were lowest in coping but moderate in adjustment.

Conclusions

Findings suggest ways of coping and adjustment may not always align, in that CP is connected with more active coping but also some cost to personal adjustment, whereas Hopeful is associated with optimal adjustment but perhaps at the cost of active coping. In addition, although CFL adolescents emerged as the at‐risk group, the low levels of hope and coping in Uninvolved adolescents raise the possibility that they are at risk of future problems.
AIP4 regulates adipocyte differentiation by targeting C/EBPα for ubiquitin‐mediated proteasomal degradation
Authors: Chowdhury Sangita , Singh Anil Kumar , Srivastava Swati , Upadhyay Vishal , Sethi Arppita , Siddiqui Shumaila , Trivedi Arun Kumar
Published: May 2023

Adipogenesis, that is, the formation of terminally differentiated adipocytes is intricately regulated by transcription factors where CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) plays a key role. In the current study, we demonstrate that E3 ubiquitin ligase AIP4 negatively regulates C/EBPα protein stability leading to reduced adipogenesis. While AIP4 overexpression in 3T3‐L1 cells preadipocytes inhibited lipid accumulation when treated with differentiation inducing media (MDI), AIP4 depletion was sufficient to partially promote lipid accumulation even in the absence of MDI. Mechanistically, overexpression of AIP4 inhibited protein levels of both ectopically expressed as well as endogenous C/EBPα while catalytically inactive AIP4 failed. On the contrary, AIP4 depletion profoundly enhanced endogenous C/EBPα protein levels. The observation that AIP4 levels decrease with concomitant increase in C/EBPα levels during adipocyte differentiation further indicated that AIP4 negatively regulates C/EBPα levels. We further show that AIP4 physically interacts with C/EBPα and ubiquitinates it leading to its proteasomal degradation. AIP4 promoted K48‐linked ubiquitination of C/EBPα while catalytically inactive AIP4‐C830A failed. Taken together, our data demonstrate that AIP4 inhibits adipogenesis by targeting C/EBPα for ubiquitin‐mediated proteasome degradation.
A more accurate method to estimate muscle mass: A new estimation equation
Authors: Shi Shanshan , Chen Weihua , Jiang Yizhou , Chen Kaihong , Liao Ying , Huang Kun
Published: May 2023

Background

Measurement of muscle mass is important in the diagnosis of sarcopenia. Current measurement equipment are neither cost‐effective nor standardized and cannot be used in a variety of medical settings. Some simple measurement tools have been proposed that are subjective and unvalidated. We aimed to develop and validate a new estimation equation in a more objective and standardized way, based on current proven variables that accurately reflect muscle mass.

Methods

Cross‐sectional analysis with The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database for equation development and validation. Overall, 9875 participants were included for development (6913 participants) and validation (2962 participants), for whom the database included demographic data, physical measurements, and main biochemical indicators. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was estimated by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and low muscle mass was defined by reference to five international diagnostic criteria. Linear regression was used to estimate the logarithm of the actual ASM from demographic data, physical measurements, and biochemical indicators.

Results

This study of 9875 participants comprised 4492 females (49.0%), with a weighted mean (SE) age of 41.83 (0.36) years and range of 12 to 85 years. The estimated ASM equations performed well in the validation data set. The variability in estimated ASM was low compared with the actual ASM (R2: Equation 1 = 0.91, Equation 4 = 0.89), with low bias (median difference: Equation 1 = −0.64, Equation 4 = 0.07; root mean square error: Equation 1 = 1.70 [1.69–1.70], Equation 4 = 1.85 [1.84–1.86]), high precision (interquartile range of the differences: Equation 1 = 1.87, Equation 4 = 2.17), and high efficacy in diagnosing low muscle mass (area under the curve: Equation 1 = 0.91 to 0.95, Equation 4 = 0.90 to 0.94).

Conclusions

The estimated ASM equations are accurate and simple and can be routinely applied clinically to estimate ASM and thus assess sarcopenia.
GSK484, an inhibitor of peptidyl arginine deiminase 4, increases the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer and inhibits neutrophil extracellular traps
Authors: Wang Binbin , Su Xiaojuan , Zhang Bo , Pan Shiwen
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and a major cause of cancer‐related deaths. Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4 or PADI4) is expressed in neutrophils that, when activated, can drive the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). PAD4 has been found to be upregulated in CRC patients and to predict a poor prognosis. This study is aimed at exploring the role of PAD4 inhibitor (GSK484) in NET formation and radioresistance in CRC.

Methods

Reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to measure PAD4 expression in CRC tissues and cells. GSK484, an inhibitor of PAD4, was investigated in the following functional assays in vitro: western blotting, clonogenic survival, colony formation, TUNEL, flow cytometry and transwell assays. Nude mouse xenograft models were applied to evaluate the effect of GSK484 on tumor growth in CRC in vivo. The formation of NETs influenced by GSK484 was also investigated.

Results

We showed upregulation of PAD4 mRNA and protein in CRC tissues and cells. High expression of PAD4 was related to a poor prognosis in CRC patients. GSK484 treatment promoted the radiosensitivity of CRC cells and induced cell death by promoting DNA double‐strand breaks. Rescue experiments further verified that GSK484 inhibited the effects of PAD4 overexpression in irradiated CRC cells. Moreover, GSK484 injection strengthened the radiosensitivity of CRC and inhibited NET formation in vivo.

Conclusions

PAD4 inhibitor GSK484 promotes the radiosensitivity of CRC and inhibits NET formation in vivo and in vitro.
Presence but not number of secondary type mutations influences outcome in de novo AML without MDS‐associated or recurring cytogenetic abnormalities
Authors: Weinberg Olga K. , Cantu Miguel D. , Gagan Jeffrey , Madanat Yazan F. , Arber Daniel A. , Hasserjian Robert P.
Published: May 2023

A group of gene mutations has been identified to be strongly associated with secondary acute myeloid leukemias (AML) arising from prior myeloid neoplasms. The International Consensus Classification (ICC) and proposed 5th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification differ by inclusion of RUNX1. A recent study suggested that having two or more secondary mutations is associated with a particularly poor prognosis. In a study of 294 de novo AML patients, we found that patients with at least one ICC‐defined secondary mutation had shorter survival when compared to those without secondary mutations, and ICC/WHO groups of two or more mutations did not predict for worse outcomes.
Left Ventricular Vertical Run‐Length Nonuniformity MRI Adds Prognostic Value to MACE in Patients with End‐Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Zhang Tian‐yi , An Dong‐aolei , Zhou Hang , Chen Binghua , Lu Renhua , Fang Wei , Wang Qin , Huang Jiaying , Jin Haijiao , Shen Jianxiao , Zhou Yin , Hu Jiani , Bautista Matthew , Ouchi Takahiro , Wu Lian‐Ming , Mou Shan
Published: May 2023

Background

Vertical run‐length nonuniformity (VRLN) is a texture feature representing heterogeneity within native T1 images and reflects the extent of cardiac fibrosis. In uremic cardiomyopathy, interstitial fibrosis was the major histological alteration. The prognostic value of VRLN in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) remains unclear.

Purpose

To evaluate the prognostic value of VRLN MRI in patients with ESRD.

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

A total of 127 ESRD patients (30 participants in the major adverse cardiac events, MACE group).

Field Strength/Sequence

3.0 T/steady‐state free precession sequence, modified Look‐Locker imaging.

Assessment

MRI image qualities were assessed by three independent radiologists. VRLN values were measured in the myocardium on the mid‐ventricular short‐axis slice of T1 mapping. Left ventricular (LV) mass, LV end‐diastolic and end‐systolic volume, as well as LV global strain cardiac parameters were measured.

Statistical Tests

The primary endpoint was the incident of MACE from enrollment time to January 2023. MACE is a composite endpoint consisting of all‐cause mortality, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure hospitalization, and life‐threatening arrhythmia. Cox proportional‐hazards regression was performed to test whether VRLN independently correlated with MACE. The intraclass correlation coefficients of VRLN were calculated to evaluate intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility. The C‐index was computed to examine the prognostic value of VRLN. P‐value <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

Participants were followed for a median of 26 months. VRLN, age, LV end‐systolic volume index, and global longitudinal strain remained significantly associated with MACE in the multivariable model. Adding VRLN to a baseline model containing clinical and conventional cardiac MRI parameters significantly improved the accuracy of the predictive model (C‐index of the baseline model: 0.781 vs. the model added VRLN: 0.814).

Data Conclusion

VRLN is a novel marker for risk stratification toward MACE in patients with ESRD, superior to native T1 mapping and LV ejection fraction.

Evidence Level

2

Technical Efficacy Stage

2
In vitro and in vivo assessment of extended duration cathodic voltage‐controlled electrical stimulation for treatment of orthopedic implant‐associated infections
Authors: Weeks Kyle , Clark Caelen , McDermott Eric , Mohanraj Gowtham , Tobias Menachem , Titus Albert , Duquin Thomas , Ehrensberger Mark T.
Published: May 2023

Effective treatment of orthopedic implant‐associated infections (IAIs) remains a clinical challenge. The in vitro and in vivo studies presented herein evaluated the antimicrobial effects of applying cathodic voltage‐controlled electrical stimulation (CVCES) to titanium implants inoculated with preformed bacterial biofilms of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The in vitro studies showed that combining vancomycin therapy (500 µg/mL) with application of CVCES at −1.75 V (all voltages are with respect to Ag/AgCl unless otherwise stated) for 24 h resulted in 99.98% reduction in the coupon‐associated MRSA colony‐forming units (CFUs) (3.38 × 103 vs. 2.14 × 107CFU/mL, p < 0.001) and a 99.97% reduction in the planktonic CFU (4.04 × 104 vs. 1.26 × 108CFU/mL, p < 0.001) as compared with the no treatment control samples. The in vivo studies utilized a rodent model of MRSA IAIs and showed a combination of vancomycin therapy (150 mg/kg twice daily) with CVCES of −1.75 V for 24 h had significant reductions in the implant associated CFU (1.42 × 101 vs. 1.2 × 106 CFU/mL, p < 0.003) and bone CFU (5.29 × 101 vs. 4.48 × 106 CFU/mL, p < 0.003) as compared with the untreated control animals. Importantly, the combined 24 h CVCES and antibiotic treatments resulted in no implant‐associated MRSA CFU enumerated in 83% of the animals (five out of six animals) and no bone‐associated MRSA CFU enumerated in 50% of the animals (three out of six animals). Overall, the outcomes of this study have shown that extended duration CVCES therapy is an effective adjunctive therapy to eradicate IAIs.
Development and expansion of intramuscular adipose tissue is not dependent on UCP‐1‐lineage cells in mice
Authors: Parson Jacob C. , Zhang Xiao , Craft Clarissa S. , Magee Kristann L. , Scheller Erica L. , Meyer Gretchen A.
Published: May 2023

Accumulation of adipose tissue within and outside of skeletal muscle is associated with orthopedic injury and metabolic disease, where it is thought to impede muscle function. The close juxtaposition between this adipose and myofibers has led to hypotheses that paracrine interactions between the two regulate local physiology. Recent work suggests that intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) may have features of beige or brown fat, indicated by the expression of uncoupling protein‐1 (UCP‐1). However, this is contested by other studies. Clarification of this point is needed to inform our understanding of the relationship between IMAT and muscle health. To achieve this, we examined the effects of constitutive UCP‐1+ cell ablation (UCP1‐DTA) on IMAT development and homeostasis. IMAT developed normally in UCP1‐DTA mice, with no significant differences in quantity compared with wild‐type littermates. Likewise, IMAT accumulation in response to glycerol‐induced injury was similar between genotypes, with no significant differences in adipocyte size, quantity, or dispersion. This suggests that neither physiological nor pathological IMAT express UCP‐1 and that the development of IMAT does not depend on UCP‐1 lineage cells. In response to β3‐adrenergic stimulation, we find minor, localized UCP‐1 positivity in wildtype IMAT, but the bulk of the adipocytes are unresponsive. In contrast, two depots of muscle‐adjacent (epi‐muscular) adipose tissue have reduced mass in UCP1‐DTA mice and UCP‐1 positivity in wildtype littermates, comparable to traditional beige and brown adipose depots. Taken together this evidence strongly supports a white adipose phenotype for mouse IMAT and a brown/beige phenotype for some adipose outside the muscle boundary.
3D T1 relaxation time measurements in an equine model of subtle post‐traumatic osteoarthritis using MB‐SWIFT
Authors: Pala Swetha , Hänninen Nina E. , Mohammadi Ali , Ebrahimi Mohammadhossein , te Moller Nikae C. R. , Brommer Harold , René van Weeren P. , Mäkelä Janne T. A. , Korhonen Rami K. , Afara Isaac O. , Töyräs Juha , Mikkonen Santtu , Nissi Mikko J. , Nykänen Olli
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study is to assess whether articular cartilage changes in an equine model of post‐traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), induced by surgical creation of standard (blunt) grooves, and very subtle sharp grooves, could be detected with ex vivo T1 relaxation time mapping utilizing three‐dimensional (3D) readout sequence with zero echo time. Grooves were made on the articular surfaces of the middle carpal and radiocarpal joints of nine mature Shetland ponies and osteochondral samples were harvested at 39 weeks after being euthanized under respective ethical permissions. T1 relaxation times of the samples (n = 8 + 8 for experimental and n = 12 for contralateral controls) were measured with a variable flip angle 3D multiband‐sweep imaging with Fourier transform sequence. Equilibrium and instantaneous Young's moduli and proteoglycan (PG) content from OD of Safranin‐O‐stained histological sections were measured and utilized as reference parameters for the T1 relaxation times. T1 relaxation time was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in both groove areas, particularly in the blunt grooves, compared with control samples, with the largest changes observed in the superficial half of the cartilage. T1 relaxation times correlated weakly (Rs ≈ 0.33) with equilibrium modulus and PG content (Rs ≈ 0.21). T1 relaxation time in the superficial articular cartilage is sensitive to changes induced by the blunt grooves but not to the much subtler sharp grooves, at the 39‐week timepoint post‐injury. These findings support that T1 relaxation time has potential in detection of mild PTOA, albeit the most subtle changes could not be detected.