bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUASI PEMANFAATAN MEDIA SOSIAL BAGI PELAKSANAAN FUNGSI ANGGOTA DPRD JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Abdulrahman, dkk Wahid
Published: October 2018

In order to improve the performance of Central Java Parliament, social media has been used as a tool that is easy, inexpensive, and could reach all segments throughout the region of Central Java. This study aimed to evaluate the use of social media in the implementation of the functions of legislators to communicate with the public. This research is a qualitative research with case study method. Capturing data through in-depth interviews to Central Java Parliament members who are active in social media and the public in their networks. The results of the study consisted of three things. First, social media is used by members of the Central Java Parliament for three reasons: (1) communicate the functions of the parliament (legislative, control, and budget); (2) communicate with the public in order to listen public needs and get feedback; (3) a means of self entertainment by using social media as a tool to express their selves and share personal information. Second, related to the function of the parliament which has been communicated through social media, the control function is the most frequent performed. While the legislative function performed moderately, and the budget function as the most rarely communicated. Third, public informants in social media networks of Central Java parliament members perceives the them as representatives of the people who actually work for the people. Keywords: social media, members of the board, the function of parliamen.
PEMBANGUNAN BERBASIS BUDAYA SEBAGAI STRATEGI PEMBANGUNAN KOTA: REVITALISASI PASAR GEDE DI KOTA SURAKARTA
Authors: Harsasto Priyatno
Published: October 2018

This research aims to explore the role of community mobilisation in Surakarta’s culture-led urban regeneration process by analysing the case of the Pasar Gede area.  This research argues that the generation and use of cultural resources in urban regeneration lie in community mobilisation and institutional support, rather than in a state-led cultural ﬂagship approach. In this way, local government needs to move beyond the instrumentalism of urban cultural strategies and to rediscover the spaces where local cultural activities and mobilization capacities are attached. Only through understanding the relationship between place and community mobilization will a benefit for the revitalization of a unique and historical urban area be gene
STRATEGI PEMENANGAN PARTAI POLITIK DALAM PEMILU (Study kasus Partai Keadilan Sejahtera dan Partai Keadilan dan Persatuan Indonesia di Kota Salatiga dalam Pemilu 2009)
Authors: Mahmud Insan
Published: October 2018

General election 2009 representing third general election which carried out after reform ’ 98 with the better general election system compared to two previous general election systems, among other things is applying of order of certain parliamentary threshold and chosen legislative candidate determination with the majority of votes. Consequently, each political party had to make the strategy to win the general election which is as effective as possible to be coming up as winner in every level of election area. This research represent the research qualitative which aim to describe and compare the winning strategies of Partai Keadilan dan Persatuan Indonesia (PKPI) and Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS) at Salatiga city in 2009’s general election. PKPI And PKS represent the political party that was following the general election 2004 having chair which significant in Salatiga city. The research findings stresses that both parties have unique strategies when deal with the game rules, particularly with DPP (Board of Province Directors) and DPK (Board of Town Directors). Furthermore, both were also attempting to recruit candidates and trying to campaign their programs competitively in the city.
PERLUNYA REVITALISASI KEBIJAKAN JAMINAN KESEHATAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Setiyono Budi
Published: October 2018

Mengikuti tren universal coverage, sejak awal tahun 2000, pemerintah Indonesia menyusun kebijakan yang ambisius terhadap sistem asuransi kesehatan negara dalam mengejar cakupan universal dan adil dengan distribusi ulang yang lebih besar. Untuk itu, pemerintah membuat Undang-Undang Nomor 40 tentang Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional (SJSN) tahun 2004. UU ini mengamanatkan bahwa jaminan sosial adalah sesuatu yang wajib tersedia bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia, termasuk di dalamnya Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) melalui suatu Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS). Penyempurnaan dan pelaksanaan dari konsep jaminan sosial tersebut kemudian direalisasikan melalui pembentukan badan penyelanggara teknis yang tertuang dalam Undang-Undang No. 24 Tahun 2011 tentang Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) yang terdiri atas BPJS Kesehatan dan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. BPJS Kesehatan bertugas untuk melaksanakan program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) yang implementasinya dimulai pada tanggal 1 Januari tahun 2014. Konsep JKN mengintegrasikan mekanisme bantuan social (social assistance) oleh negara ditujukan untuk penduduk yang kurang mampu, sehingga seluruh penduduk pada saatnya nanti akan menjadi peserta JKN. Asuransi kesehatan ini diharapkan akan mengurangi risiko masyarakat dalam menanggung biaya kesehatan dari kantong sendiri out of pocket, yang seringkali jumlahnya sulit diprediksi dan seringkali membutuhkan biaya yang sangat besar. Melalui asuransi kesehatan sosial ini, peserta hanya membayar premi dengan besaran tetap, untuk meng-cover biaya layanan kesehatan yang mungkin timbul manakala mereka sakit. Akan tetapi, program JKN masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, terutama berkaitan dengan keseimbangan antara optimalisasi manfaat dengan ketersediaan sumber dana yang menyebabkan defisit bagi BPJS. Persoalan tersebut perlu diatasi dengan melakukan upaya revitalisasi kebijakan yang ada sehingga program JKN dapat terus berkelanjutan.
Diagnoza logopedyczna noworodka i niemowlęcia
Authors: Gacka Ewa
Published: October 2018

The issues of the speech-therapy early intervention were brought up in the article. An outline of the speech-therapy diagnosis of the newborn child and the infant was presented, and also the chosen tools were introduced in order to make the speechtherapy assessment of those babies.
Mowa pacjentki z chorobą Parkinsona w fazie zaawansowanej
Authors: Szurek Mateusz
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this article is to present speech disorders of 91 years old patient suffering from advanced Parkinson’s disease (it is the last stage of the disease when all symptoms are stronger) and to draw attention to the need of mentioning the impact of speech therapy while describing the disease. In the article an author is introducing the patient and her current condition. Mainly it is focused on the speech therapy diagnosis that was based on particular aspects of speech (such as: general condition of the patient, phonation, comprehension of speech and naming, repea- ting, dialogues and storytelling, reading, counting and writing). In the final part, the effectiveness of speech therapy is presented. This publication might become  a leading example for other speech therapist on how to manage the therapy for people suffering from these types of disorders in speaking and communication.
Od nastoletniego macierzyństwa do życia w dorosłości w wypowiedziach kobiety z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną
Authors: Mach Aleksandra
Published: October 2018

Maternity in the case of women with intellectual disabilities is exposed to many factors hindering its implementation. Research on this occurrence shows that one of the main reasons for that is insufficient or inept support for this group of women in different areas, such as educational, financial, informative, emotional. Teenage mothers with disabilities are in a particularly difficult situation. The article presents the analysis of statements of an adult woman with mild intellectual disability on her experience of teenage pregnancy as well as maternity as an adult woman. The humanistic attitude of giving the floor to the respondent allowed to determine other meaningful matters in the woman’s life (among others: relationships with life partners, relationship with the mother, vision of the future, financial situation) The methodology of research used was qualitative research. Two open interviews took place 8 months apart. The interviews were recorded to an electronic device. The material obtained was later transcribed. Triangulation of the sources was included (two family assistants were interviewed).
„Trening orientacji i zarządzania czasem” w toku czynności dnia codziennego z osobami z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w stopniu umiarkowanym
Authors: Hinc-Wirkus Magdalena
Published: October 2018

A human is a social being, instinctively aspiring to become fully involved with the society. According to the statistics, however, one in ten Polish people is forced to overcome various problems in order to be active in the society. What are the main problems for a person with intellectual disability and their career? One of the main barriers for persons with intellectual disability, are the difficulties with the perception of the time; comprehending the very idea of the time flow and learning to use the watch or the calendar. A simple and cost-effective way to develop these skills is the training in time comprehension (‘The Time Workshop’), which is the subject of this article.
Sytuacja niepełnosprawnych sensorycznie w obszarze edukacji i aktywności zawodowej w opinii przedstawicieli środowiska osób niesłyszących i niewidzących
Authors: Zaorska Marzenna
Published: October 2018

The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, adopted by the United Nations on December 13, 2006, signed by the Government of Poland on March 20, 2007, and ratified on September 6, 2012, obliges to respect all the provisions contained in this document, including those concerning access to universal education, the labour market and employment. However, from a practical point of view, there are many barriers and problems experienced by different environments of people with disabilities in the enforcement of their rights. Hence, the article includes the opinions of representatives of the deaf and blind people on current restrictions and discrimination, as well as proposals addressed to the education and work and employment spheres of those participating in the debates organized under the project „Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities – a common cause”, the main contractor of which is the Polish Forum of People with Disabilities.
Kilka uwag o stanie badań nad kompetencją słowotwórczą dzieci z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną
Authors: Marciniak-Firadza Renata
Published: October 2018

A description of the understanding (reception, decoding, interpretation) and creation (expression, coding) of word-building structures by children with minor intellectual disabilities, and a specification of how these word-building structures exist in the linguistic awareness of such children, is important as there exists no research and therefore no studies related to the word-building skills of children with intellectual disabilities.The only data related to word-building skills in children with intellectual disabilities available are the names of professions collected by A. Wątorek in her research on the linguistic competences responsible for the development of lexical skills. The data incorporated in the said study allowed the linguistic and wordbuilding analysis, and hence made it possible to indicate the methods of coding the names of professions/ persons performing certain activities by children with minor intellectual disabilities.
Kryzys rodziców dziecka z niepełnosprawnością w perspektywie nowych narzędzi normalizacyjnych
Authors: Doroszuk Joanna
Published: October 2018

Social and cultural transformations determine the functioning of a disabled child’s family. The Internet, support groups or associations are the new normalisation tools parents can use. They can affect both the structure of his or her parenting as well as the process of coping in difficult situations. The author analyses the social and emotional situation of parents of children with disabilities, based on her research. They describe the significant categories and areas important for further scientific exploration.
Zachowania seksualne dzieci i młodzieży ze spektrum autyzmu. Wyniki badań pilotażowych
Authors: Wojciechowska Aneta , Gulczyńska Anna
Published: October 2018

In the article the results of pilot studies concerning manifestation of sexuality in a group of children and youth with autism spectrum disorder were presented. The research is divided into two fundamental parts. In the first part – the shorter one, definitions and conceptions were outlined. The subject of sexuality and functioning of people with autism spectrum disorders regarding social behaviours was also discussed. In the second part, the findings of own studies conducted on a group of mothers of children and youth with autism spectrum disorder were presented.
Środowisko szkoły w narracjach uczniów z zespołem Aspergera – wnioski z badań
Authors: Moszyńska Małgorzata
Published: October 2018

The article addresses the subject of social functioning of a student diagnosed with Asperger Syndrome in the environment of a mass education school, in his subjective opinion. Methodologically speaking it is based on qualitative studies and the aim of the research was to reach subjective significance given by the students with Asperger Syndrome to this institution and understanding the role it plays for them.
An Equal-Area Criterion Based Pulse Encoding Strategy for RF Switch-Mode Power Amplifier
Authors: Chen Jianbin , Yao Fuqiang , Zhang Jiang , Wei Zhihu
Published: October 2018

A novel pulse encoding strategy for RF switch-mode power amplifier (SMPA) is proposed in this paper to achieve benefits of multi-level delta-sigma modulators (DSM) while alleviating challenges that multi-level DSM brings to SMPA. The pulse encoder consists of a multi-level delta-sigma modulators (DSM) followed by a level transformation module (LTM). Based on the equal-area criterion, LTM directly maps the multi-level DSM pulse train into a binary pulse train which enables a simple system configuration. The feasibility and effectiveness of proposed strategy are verified by numerical simulation and experimental measurement. Results show that, with a similar coding efficiency, the proposed strategy obtains more than 7 dB improvement in average in-band signal to noise ratio (SNR) compared to traditional two-level DSM.
Research on Temporal Cloaked Signal Transmission Based on Time Reversal Technique
Authors: Zhou Hongcheng , Wang Bing-zhong , Wang Yu , Chen Weirong , Yan Zhongming
Published: October 2018

Based on the theory of time reversal technique and through the use of temporal dispersive delay lines, this paper presents a demonstration of temporal cloaked signal transmission at microwave frequencies. When compared with a conventional signal processing system, the related dispersive delay lines are not required to provide linear group delay response. Thus the proposal simplifies the system structure for temporal cloaking, avoids the drawbacks of easy detection, easy decoding and easy analysed brought by linear modulation system, and then strengthen the safety and reliability in signal transmission. Theoretical analysis and experimental results validate the proposed system. The proposed method and achieved results indicate potential application in secure communications and data multiplexing subject to channel bandwidth requirements.
Investigation of a new formaldehyde-free adhesive consisting of soybean flour and Kymene® 736 for interior plywood
Authors: Chen Nairong , Huang Jian , Li Kaichang
Published: October 2018

A combination of Kymene® 736 (K736) resin [a paper wet strength agent from reactions of hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) and epichlorohydrin (ECH)] and defatted soy flour (DSF) was investigated as a formaldehyde-free wood adhesive. In focus was the pH influence on the pot life of the adhesive and the water resistance of the plywood prepared with the new adhesive. It was found that the pH of the DSF-K736 adhesive had to be ≥11 before the resulting plywood panels could meet industrial water resistance requirements for interior plywood. The DSF/K736 weight ratio significantly affected the water resistance of the resulting 5-ply plywood. The 11/1 was the highest ratio that still enabled the plywood to meet the water resistance requirements. The hot-pressing temperature of ≥110°C and the hot-pressing time of ≥4 min resulted in 5-ply plywood panels with water resistance properties. The probable mechanism is that K736 reacts with nucleophilic groups in DSF and highly crosslinked adhesive networks are formed. This supposition is supported by the presence of an ester band in the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of the cured DSF-K736 adhesive.
Evil, the Laws of Nature, and Miracles
Authors: Huxford George
Published: October 2018

This paper takes a less trodden path in its approach to Kant’s philosophy of religion. Rather than a detailed study of his mature works on the subject, some of his pre-Critical works are examined. These reveal what I hold to be four foundations which remain unchanged through Kant’s philosophical career and thus act to hold up his later work on the subject. The main body of the paper is presented in two parts. In the first, we see that Kant finds that in addition to evil as limitation, there is now evil which is ontologically positive. The second part is devoted to Kant’s considerations of what was termed “physical evil”. He finds that this is neither an evil nor any form of divine punishment but rather those consequences of the laws of nature which are harmful to humans. Further, God does not intervene with the workings of these laws of nature which He has put in place but guarantees their continuity. However, it will be shown that such non-interference is problematic for Kant’s mature stance on miracles.
Kant on Contradiction, Conceptual Content, and the Ens Realissimum
Authors: Oberst Michael
Published: October 2018

Kant assents to Leibniz’s claim that purely positive concepts cannot contradict each other. Albeit counter-intuitive, this claim is well-grounded in Kant’s views on contradiction and conceptual content. First, according to Kant, a contradiction only occurs if a predicate is affirmed and negated; second, all concepts except of those that pertain to God covertly contain negative marks. Although I shall argue that Kant’s account fails, it is still interesting in that it tackles an overlooked problem, namely how implicit contradictions are possible.
The crystal structure of 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-dinitrobenzene – a Z′ = 4 structure, C8H8N2O4
Authors: Fanfan Shen , Shaomin Xue , Jianlong Wang
Published: October 2018

C8H8N2O4, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.1093(5) Å, b = 13.2430(8) Å, c = 15.4334(10) Å, α = 106.544(2)°, β = 98.150(2)°, γ = 96.151(2)°, V = 1745.22(18) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0508, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1141, T = 173(2) K.
FENİLKETONÜRİ HASTALARI İÇİN FENİLALANİN İÇERİĞİ AZALTILMIŞ BİR UN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ
Authors: KILIÇ BÜYÜKKURT Özlem , DURAK Atike Nur , ERBAŞ Mustafa
Published: October 2018

Fenilketonüri (FKU) hastalığının tedavisinde,
fenilalanince kısıtlı diyet tedavinin temelini oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle; FKU
hastalarının diyetlerinde önemli bir çeşitlilik oluşturmak için buğday unundan
fenilalanin içeriği azaltılmış yeni bir un (FAUN) hazırlanması amaçlanmıştır.
Bu amaçla, unda bulunan proteinler in vitro olarak hidroliz edilmiş ve
amino asitlerin serbestleşmesi sağlanmıştır. Serbestleşebilen bu amino
asitlerin içerisindeki fenilalaninin miktarını azaltmak için ise, hidrolizata
fenilalanin amonyum liyaz (FAL) enzimi içeren mısır filizi ekstraktı uygulanmış
ve sonrasında elde edilen ürün kurutularak tekrar un haline getirilmiştir.
Araştırma sonucunda, in vitro hidroliz ile unun serbest fenilalanin
içeriğinin yaklaşık 15 kat arttığı ve 6.09 μmol/sa.g FAL enzim aktivitesine
sahip mısır filizi ekstraktı uygulamasının da unun serbest fenilalanin
içeriğini yaklaşık %50 oranında azalttığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca FAUN ile
üretilen bisküvilerin, duyusal özellikleri 9 puanlık hedonik skalaya göre yapılan
değerlendirmede 4.5 ve daha yüksek puanları aldığı tespit edilmiştir.
Germline SDHB and SDHD mutations in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma patients
Authors: Huang Yiqiang , Wang Lin-ang , Xie Qiubo , Pang Jian , Wang Luofu , Yi Yuting , Zhang Jun , Zhang Yao , Chen Rongrong , Lan Weihua , Zhang Dianzheng , Jiang Jun
Published: October 2018

Pheochromocytoma and paragangliomas (PCC/PGL) are neuroendocrine tumors that arise from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and sympathetic/parasympathetic ganglia, respectively. Of clinical relevance regarding diagnosis is the highly variable presentation of symptoms in PCC/PGL patients. To date, the clear-cut correlations between the genotypes and phenotypes of PCC/PGL have not been entirely established. In this study, we reviewed the medical records of PCC/PGL patients with pertinent clinical, laboratory and genetic information. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) performed on patient samples revealed specific germline mutations in theSDHB(succinate dehydrogenase complex iron-sulfur subunit B) andSDHD(succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit D) genes and these mutations were validated by Sanger sequencing. Of the 119 patients, two were identified withSDHBmutation and one withSDHDmutation. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used to analyze the expression of these mutated genes. The germline mutations identified in theSDHgenes were c343C>T and c.541-542A>G in theSDHBgene and c.334-337delACTG in theSDHDgene. IHC staining of tumors from the c.343C>T and c.541-2A>G carriers showed positive expression of SDHB. Tumors from the c.334-337delACTG carrier showed no expression of SDHD and a weak diffused staining pattern for SDHB. We strongly recommend genetic testing for suspected PCC/PGL patients with a positive family history, early onset of age, erratic hypertension, recurrence or multiple tumor sites and loss ofSDHBand/orSDHDexpression. Tailored personal management should be conducted once a patient is confirmed as an SDHB and/or SDHD mutation carrier or diagnosed with PCC/PGL.
Bimodal Expression of theSalmonellaTyphimuriumspvOperon
Authors: Passaris Ioannis , Cambré Alexander , Govers Sander K , Aertsen Abram
Published: October 2018

Passaris et al. show that the well-studied spv virulence operon of Salmonella Typhimurium displays a bimodal expression pattern. Using quantitative single-cell fluorescence microscopy, they demonstrate that this expression pattern originates in the bimodal expression...

The well-studied spv operon of Salmonella  typhimurium is important for causing full virulence in mice and both the regulation and function of the Spv proteins have been characterized extensively over the past several decades. Using quantitative single-cell fluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate the spv regulon to display a bimodal expression pattern that originates in the bimodal expression of the SpvR activator. The spv expression pattern is influenced by growth conditions and the specific S. typhimurium strain used, but does not require Salmonella-specific virulence regulators. By monitoring real-time promoter kinetics, we reveal that SpvA has the ability to impart negative feedback on spvABCD expression without affecting spvR expression. Together, our data suggest that the SpvA protein counteracts the positive feedback loop imposed by SpvR, and could thus be responsible for dampening spvABCD expression and coordinating virulence protein production in time. The results presented here yield new insights in the intriguing regulation of the spv operon and adds this operon to the growing list of virulence factors exhibiting marked expression heterogeneity in S. typhimurium.
Detecting Rare Mutations with Heterogeneous Effects Using a Family-Based Genetic Random Field Method
Authors: Li Ming , He Zihuai , Tong Xiaoran , Witte John S , Lu Qing
Published: October 2018

The genetic etiology of many complex diseases is highly heterogeneous. A complex disease can be caused by multiple mutations within the same gene or mutations in multiple genes at various genomic loci. Although these disease-susceptibility mutations can be collectively common in the population, they are often individually rare or even private to certain families. Family-based studies are powerful for detecting rare variants enriched in families, which is an important feature for sequencing studies due to the heterogeneous nature of rare variants. In addition, family designs can provide robust protection against population stratification. Nevertheless, statistical methods for analyzing family-based sequencing data are underdeveloped, especially those accounting for heterogeneous etiology of complex diseases. In this article, we introduce a random field framework for detecting gene-phenotype associations in family-based sequencing studies, referred to as family-based genetic random field (FGRF). Similar to existing family-based association tests, FGRF could utilize within-family and between-family information separately or jointly to test an association. We demonstrate that FGRF has comparable statistical power with existing methods when there is no genetic heterogeneity, but can improve statistical power when there is genetic heterogeneity across families. The proposed method also shares the same advantages with the conventional family-based association tests (e.g., being robust to population stratification). Finally, we applied the proposed method to a sequencing data from the Minnesota Twin Family Study, and revealed several genes, including SAMD14, potentially associated with alcohol dependence.
Occurrence of Keratella cochlearis (Gosse, 1851) (Rotifera, Monogononta) on San Cristóbal Island, Galápagos Archipelago, Ecuador
Authors: López Carlos , Steinitz-Kannan Miriam , Segers Hendrik
Published: October 2018

The presence of the rotifer Keratella cochlearis (Gosse, 1851) is reported in El Junco Lake, a freshwater crater lake in San Cristóbal Island, Galápagos Islands. This taxon is a known species aggregate containing both eurytopic cosmopolitans as well as local and regional endemics, but also some insufficiently documented cryptic species. This record is the first of a representative of the aggregate for the rotifer fauna of the Galápagos Islands. Considering that the animal is now being recorded from the lake while earlier surveys did not, and the high dispersal capacity of many rotifers, we hypothesize that the organism recorded is one of the more widespread members of the aggregate, which colonized El Junco Lake only recently.
Diplotriaena delirae Pinto & Noronha, 1970 (Nematoda, Diplotriaenidae) in Pitangus sulphuratus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Passeriformes, Tyrannidae) from southern Brazil
Authors: Morais Jardel Ceolan , Souza David Miguel Flores de , Gallas Moisés , da Silveira Eliane Fraga , Périco Eduardo
Published: October 2018

Diplotriaena delirae Pinto & Noronha, 1970 is known to parasitize Pitangus sulphuratus (Linnaeus, 1766) in Peru and in the Midwestern and Southeastern regions of Brazil. Here, specimens of P. sulphuratus were collected in the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and necropsied. Nematodes (n = 6) found in these specimens were identified as D. delirae based on their morphological traits. This is the first report of D. delirae from southern Brazil, expanding the knowledge of the helminth fauna of P. sulphuratus in the Neotropical region.
First record of a cyanobacterium Petalonema alatum (Borzì ex Bornet & Flahault) Correns (Cyanobacteria, Scytonemataceae) in Africa
Authors: Maree Louis , Janse van Vuuren Sanet , Levanets Anatoliy , Taylor Jonathan
Published: October 2018

Petalonema alatum (Borzì ex Bornet & Flahault) Correns is a nitrogen fixing, subaerial cyanobacterium characterized by a blue-green trichome surrounded by a very broad, lamellated mucous sheath. It typically grows on dripping limestone rocks in temperate regions, but it has also been observed in some calcareous lakes and limestone springs. Although the species is known to be present in the Americas, Europe and Asia, no records could be found for its presence in Africa. In the last decade, it was sampled twice from rock surfaces in cave overhangs in the Free State Province of South Africa, representing a first record of its presence in Africa. A taxonomic description, microscope images as well as detailed geographical distributions of P. alatum are provided.
Educational (Geo)Politics as an Interaction Place in Space or Towards Geo(Philo)Sophy of Education
Authors: Kairaitis Zigmas
Published: October 2018

The article discusses educational policy. However, the policy in general and educational policy specifically are viewed through the lens of geographical space and time as well as the philosophy of becoming. The aim is to answer the question which value-based and norm-based substances, structures of power and strain, processes of becoming and transition form (condition) the educational space in Lithuania? In this context, the instruments of educational management acquire the dimension of educational geopolitics. In terms of space, each policy is geopolitics, whereas geopolitics – policy (policy of ideas, strategies and practices) realised in a specific geographical space and location. Regardless of the way of approach to education – as a composite part of culture, economics, politics or as a separate field of public activity – it is always influenced, structured, constructed by the same geographical factors, i.e. place, space and environment. By implementing the educational policy (various strategies and practices), public authorities (entities) construct spatial educational geopolitical identity. The subjects of space, place, geographical scales (from global to local) in relation to and interaction with geopolitical, sociocultural phenomena form the geopolitical and geophilosophical space of education in Lithuania. Geosophy and geophilosophy express mental, spiritual, value-based and cognitive approach of a person and relation to geographical environment, space, its objects, reflect our individual associations with geography and philosophy. As it is claimed in the summary of the research, educational (geo)politics that is based on diverse authentic relations, explication of meanings, excitation of imagination in relation to / interaction with geographical environment creates an essential, sustainable, self-identical space of educational geo(philo)sophy.
Jonas Laužikas – the Initiatior of ‘Teaching and Upbringing’ of the Disabled in Lithuania
Authors: Barkauskaitė Marijona , Šadauskas Vilius
Published: October 2018

The life and activities of Jonas Laužikas, the Professor’s pedagogical heritage is one of the most significant theoretical sources in the history of education. His life has also served as an example for the educational reform undertaken in 1991, after the Restoration of the Lithuanian Independence, aimed at the guidelines to anticipate and address the structural, content and process changes by stopping the soviet process of fragmentation and differentiation and advocating consolidation through ‘the spread of the unifying and integrating principle’. The present article discusses the ideas and works of Jonas Laužikas who initiated the ‘teaching and upbringing’ of disabled children in response to the principle of ‘holistic education’.

The aim of the study was to reveal the efforts and scientific work of Jonas Laužikas in consolidating the systematic ‘teaching and upbringing’ of disabled children. The methodology of the research is based on the analysis of the texts of the Professor Laužikas and his students’ and former colleagues’ opinions as well as the evaluation of the Teacher’s scientific heritage and the example of the personality for the past and present state education. The qualitative research was based on the content analysis method.

The attitude and scientific pedagogical activity of Laužikas have opened up and expanded new directions in the pedagogy of Lithuania: experimental, social, defectological, therapeutic, as well as of special pedagogy and psychology. The use of the adapted and original research methods by the Professor and his contribution to teaching of these methods to the scientists of the Baltic States makes it possible to name him not only as a pedagogue who initiated the education of disabled children, but also as the initiatior of the pedagogical psychological methodology in Lithuania, as well as the developer and creator of research methodologies and tests, the initiator of the complex studies during which his practical pedagogical ideas were implemented.

Summarizing all that has been observed, learned, studied, and experienced by personally communicating, and using the contrastive content analysis method, we can conclude that Prof. Jonas Lauzikas’ scientific work and his chosen ‘straight line of ‘middle path’ of life’ with the scientific, theoretical and practical pedagogical heritage, established the concept of ‘the holistic education of a person’, was not only ahead of his times but also transferred it to the modern system of education. In 1931, a special school was founded on the initiative of the Professor in Kaunas, where he worked as a teacher and carried out academic research. This gives J. Laužikas the status of the initiator of the education of disabled people in Lithuania. The protocoles prepared by J. Laužikas for teaching and upbringing disabled children show for the contemporary education policy makers and the educational community how much there is still left to do in education.
Non-Formal Musical Education in the Context of Children’s Experiences: Involving or Limiting?
Authors: Kriščiūnaitė Asta , Strakšienė Diana , Bubnys Remigijus
Published: October 2018

The article deals with analysis of experiences of music school students through focusing on the threat of involvement and discrimination (in the context of the problem of political and practical dualism) by employing the conception of universal education design. Analysis of the research data revealed students’ primary experiences in music school, identification of teacher’s behavior in the process of teaching and learning which significantly contributed to (non-)involvement and (non-)limitation of students as well as manifestation of formal assessment in the education process. Summing up, an assumption is drawn that non-formal music education of children is still incapable of full-fledged involvement of children and prevention from discrimination while meeting their individual needs; however, it aims at higher integration of children into the system, i.e. not to adjust the system to the learners but rather to adapt the learners to the system.
The Expression of Conception of Self-Assessment in the Speech of 1 Grade Students
Authors: Schoroškienė Vaiva , Krivickaitė Audronė
Published: October 2018

As we care to create a successful learning for every student we talk about students’ capacity to evaluate their own studying process. It is thought that when student is able to assess his own learning his academic results tends to be much higher than students who prefer not to assess themselves. Thus, it is recommended to begin self-assessment lessons in a primary school. Nevertheless, the importance of self-assessment is being highly analyzed there are few empirical researches which would show the real situation of how it works with students in the first grade.

Also, it is proven that at this age children understands the world as a unified system, thus the subjects at school should be as much related as possible. When talking about self-assessment it is easier to try it in the context which is less difficult to understand. In this research we have integrated two lessons of arts and Lithuanian language. After completing the research we have noticed some significant changes in students’ perception of self-assessment. They mentioned that when they can assess themselves they can notice what was good in their work and where do they have to improve. The majority of students said that self-assessment is necessary for them and after the research they are going to assess themselves more often.
First-Year Pre-Service Physical Education Teachers’ Academic Motivation and Their Satisfaction with Academic Studies
Authors: Poteliūnienė Sniegina
Published: October 2018

It is important to analyse the motives that encourage students to choose academic studies as this points out to how engaged with their field of studies and how well prepared for their future profession they will be. The learning experience of university students, their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with academic studies can encourage students either to become more strongly committed to their profession or to revise their career goals. The aim of the present research was to determine the academic motivation of the first year pre-service physical education teachers and how this relates to their satisfaction with academic studies.

In order to assess the students’ intrinsic, extrinsic motivation and a motivation the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) (Vallerand et al., 1992) was used. The Course Experience Questionnaire (Ramsden, 1991), which consists of 5 sub-scales: Good teaching, Clarity of goals and standards, Appropriate workload, Appropriate assessment, Development of generic skills, was used in order to determine the students’ satisfaction with their studies.

There were surveyed 84 first year full-time students of physical education study programmes in the field of education and development from the four Lithuanian universities.

It was established that, while choosing a career and getting ready for the professional activity, for pre-service physical education teachers both intrinsic and extrinsic motives are common and the level of a motivation is low. The highest score was given by the first year students for the teaching strategies that motivate students to learn (Good teaching). The lowest scores in the student satisfaction with academic studies were recorded in their evaluation of Appropriate Workload and Appropriate Assessment. The research revealed that both intrinsic and extrinsic academic motivation of students have a statistically reliable connection of mean strength with Quality of teaching, Clarity of goals and standards, as well as Development of generic skills, whereas a motivation – with Appropriate workload and Appropriate Assessment sub-scales.

The results of the present quantitative research are significant in assessing the impact of academic environment on the students’ motivation to pursue the chosen profession.
Opportunities of Educating Responsibility in Online Social Networks among Teenage Girls at Children’s Day Care Centers
Authors: Skališienė Rasa , Žukauskienė Lilia
Published: October 2018

This article reveals education opportunities at Children’s Day Care Centers on purpose to strengthen responsible participation of teenage girls in online social networks (OSN). On purpose to reveal the opportunities of educating responsibility in online social networks among teenage girls, qualitative research access has been applied. 16 specialists from different Children’s Day Centers of Lithuania have participated in the interview.

Analysis data revealed that Child day care center specialists in order to ensure teenagers’ safety in social networking sites apply various educational methods: individual talks, rules for the use of social networking sites, organize group activities, discussions, film reviews, have conversations with parents. Active online participation of teenage girls, their inability to assess threats posed by social networks increase their vulnerability involving the risk of privacy, communication and information content. Girls’ safety in social networking sites becomes an incentive to help them become responsible users of social networking sites. Data analysis revealed that girls’ responsibility in social networks could be increased by systematic and consistent educational work, combining all the three components of responsibility (knowledge, abilities and values), based on the dialogue principle and quality institutional cooperation.
An Assessment of Skill Needs of a Sample of Iranian School Principals Based on “Successful Leaders’ Self-Development Model”
Authors: Shirbagi Naser
Published: October 2018

The present paper is aimed at identifying Iranian principals’ needs for attributes of leadership self-development. Data collection tool was a 110-item questionnaire. The results demonstrated that there were statistically significant differences in principals’ needs level based on their demographic variables. Regarding three levels of qualities, different mean ranks were obtained. Managerial skills and attributes were in the first priority from the principal viewpoint. Among 11 leadership qualities, most of the principals expressed high need to develop their mental agility. Female principals declared more needs for developing their analytic and problem solving skills than male ones.
Pedagogical Interaction between Teachers and Students: Mythologized vs Real World
Authors: Juodaitytė Audronė Juzė , Malinauskienė Daiva
Published: October 2018

The article reveals the complexity of the pedagogical interaction between a teacher and a student and its multi-sensibility. The explanation of pedagogical interaction requires deep scientific-philosophical and practical-constructivist perception of reality. It has been indicated that pedagogical interaction can be based on two cultures: one of them explains reality on the basis of the understanding that occurred in the past, another one explains it with the principles characteristic to the culture of a contemporary teacher. The interaction between pedagogical myths and mythologemes has been revealed. It has been described how these constructs function in pedagogical reality. Mythologized thinking has been analysed in parallel with scientific thinking. It has been explained how a scientific idea in pedagogical practice turns into a myth because not always the diversity of the contexts of culture is taken into account and there is a lack of understanding to which educational culture a scientific idea is appealing.

The essence of scientific and empirical reasoning has been defined, their similarities, differences, features of expression in the diversity of the paradigms of modern education have been revealed. It has been indicated that when a scientific statement in pedagogical reality is accepted without a certain paradigmatic context that actualizes it, in this case a scientific idea loses its efficiency and does not influence the context of pedagogical interaction.
Efficiency of Student Mini-Company Developing Personal Qualities
Authors: Ruškytė Džiuljeta
Published: October 2018

On the basis of scholarly literature analysis, the article discusses the structural components of personal qualities that are developed most participating in activities of student mini-company (hereinafter – SMC). Applying the exploratory factor analysis (EFA), the evaluation of personal qualities of school learners, who participated in SMC activities, was conducted and the efficiency of SMC was substantiated separately evaluating structural components of personal qualities divided into relevant structural groups: Qualities of self-confidence, motivation and activity, Leadership qualities, Managerial qualities and Personal self-expression qualities. The results showed that participation in the activities of SMC has a considerable influence on development of school learners’ personal qualities. The EFA results of development of personal qualities through SMC activities disclosed that out of the four distinguished groups of personal qualities the school learners developed the qualities of self-confidence, motivation and activity best. The evaluation of 18 personal qualities revealed that diligence, ambitiousness, initiative, independence, activity and resourcefulness were developed best, whereas critical-analytical thinking was developed least.
Characteristics of Curriculum Formation and Aspects of the Education of Children Deprived of Parental Care in the End of 18th Century – Beginning of 19th Century Lithuania
Authors: Šadauskas Vilius
Published: October 2018

Regardless of the current interest in parenting, socialization, custody and other forms of parental care it must be noted that there is still a research shortage of the child care system, the curriculum content and the education process, that would analyse phenomenon in retrospective and reveal the real impact of education system development to the successful socialization of children deprived of parental care in Lithuania. Even if specific interdisciplinary, educational or historical research on the development of the education system in Lithuania can be presented, the aspects of the education of children deprived of parental care are still not disclosed qualitatively and comprehensively. Because of that the article discusses the state of the education system of the end of 18th century – beginning of 19th century Lithuania, based on theories of education science and published sources of educational history while aiming to characterize the main factors influencing formation of the formal curriculum. With the help of qualitative content analysis of period’s historical sources research seeks to characterize philosophical attitudes and practices considering formal education. The research also applies comparative analysis of features of education paradigm of didactic and of formal education in Lithuania based on main attributes considering realization of education process, including organizing, physical space, content of subjects, teacher-student relation, precondition for development of student’s personality etc. While characterizing the content and implementation of the formal curriculum, article pays special attention o the issue of education means of children who were deprived of prenatal care, raising the hypothesis, that their education was mainly based on the activities of chore curriculum.
The Importance of The Place of Defuzzification Step In Fuzzy Systems
Authors: ÇELİKBİLEK Yakup
Published: October 2018

Fuzzy logic and fuzzy based techniques are
applied constantly in both social sciences and engineering sciences for fuzzy
systems. However, theoretical content is neglected occasionally in these
developed methods. Even sometimes, propositions and applications are developed
by using fuzzy numbers ignoring theoretical contents. In some cases, there are
lots of different fuzzy solution propositions of same crisp method. Because of
these, despite applying similar methods to same data set, very different
results can be obtained. Fuzzy multi criteria decision making method
propositions are evaluated by using simulation technique in this study to
explore and compare the results of fuzzy applications. Simulation applications
are applied to AHP, TOPSIS, VIKOR and MOORA methods which are the most common
multi criteria decision making methods as both crisp and fuzzy in the
literature. Obtained results are evaluated and interpreted for both selection
of the best alternative and ranking of all alternatives.
A Sense of Home: From East Kentucky to the Indigenous Southwest
Authors: Naylor Jeremy
Published: October 2018

This article discusses the connection between health and homes in two diverse parts of the country. I discuss cases and observations in Central Appalachia and the Southwest where inadequate housing can have impacts on the individual and community level. Finally, I discuss the similarities between these cases and how these impacts affect social belonging and health of the individuals.