bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pour une analyse globale, internationale et interdisciplinaire du travail procréatif
Authors: Hertzog Irène-Lucile , Mathieu Marie
Published: March 2022

Cadre de la recherche :Dans la lignée des analyses féministes matérialistes, cet article revient sur la frontière entre travail dit productifversusreproductif pour en déconstruire les fondements et montrer que derrière l’organisation sociale de la procréation, se trouve un travail dont la responsabilité incombe principalement aux femmes.

Objectifs :Cette introduction vise à questionner la production d’enfants et son refus à l’aide du concept de travail procréatif, intégrant ainsi les différentes tâches qu’implique la (non)procréation, mais aussi l’élevage des enfants. Par ailleurs, il donne à voir l’intérêt de penser le droit du travail procréatif au sein des normes sociales qui encadrent les multiples séquences de la (non)production de nouveaux êtres humains.

Méthodologie :Cet article introductif s’adosse à une revue de la littérature permettant de clarifier les concepts clés de « travail procréatif » et « droit procréatif » mobilisés pour analyser les tâches liées à la procréation, entendue dans un sens élargi, afin de contextualiser les différentes contributions composant ce dossier.

Résultats :Tout en montrant le pouvoir heuristique des choix conceptuels opérés, l’article souligne les espaces de résistance à l’analyse du travail procréatif et ouvre de multiples pistes d’investigation pour prolonger ce dossier en vue d’une appréhension globale, internationale et interdisciplinaire du champ de la procréation.

Conclusion :La grille de lecture proposée pour penser la production d’enfant et son refus, et ce qu’ils impliquent pour les femmes, permet de rendre visible tout un ensemble de tâches ordinaires particulièrement chronophages et pourtant invisibilisées. Elle souligne la nécessité d’intégrer les différentes normativités formant le cadre social du travail procréatif incluant les différentes normes du droit.

Contribution :Cet article offre une synthèse des connaissances sur les concepts mobilisés dans l’analyse des tâches liées à la (non)production d’enfant.
Des normes procréatives sécularisées ? L’opposition catholique française à l’ouverture de la PMA aux couples de femmes et aux femmes seules
Authors: Mathieu Séverine
Published: March 2022

Cadre de la recherche : Dans le contexte de la nouvelle révision des lois de bioéthique française, entre 2018 et 2020, l’Église catholique est très active, en particulier à propos de l’ouverture de la Procréation médicalement assistée (PMA) aux couples de femmes et aux femmes seules.

Objectifs : Cet article se propose d’explorer comment les normes procréatives catholiques, qui voudraient fixer les conditions d’entrée dans la parentalité, sont retraduites dans un argumentaire séculier.

Méthodologie : L’enquête sociologique de type ethnographique repose sur deux formes de matériaux. D’une part des observations réalisées lors des États généraux de la bioéthique qui se sont tenus entre janvier et mai 2018 et d’autre part, une analyse des propositions faites sur le site des États généraux de la bioéthique, ouvert entre janvier et juin 2018. Des interventions faites dans les médias et des documents produits par l’institution catholique sont également utilisés dans cette recherche.

Résultats : Le magistère romain cherche à montrer que ses prescriptions en matière familiale ne se fondent pas sur la foi, mais sur une juste compréhension des mécanismes de la nature. Pour ce faire, les discours de l’institution empruntent à une rhétorique qui fait référence à une bibliothèque séculière.

Conclusions : Dans ce contexte, la mobilisation catholique contre l’ouverture de la PMA aux couples de femmes et aux femmes seules s’attelle à ne pas faire changer le droit, en appelant à des valeurs dites « traditionnelles », les défendant au nom de principes séculiers, expression d’un catholicisme « ostensible » (Hervieu-Léger, 2017), dont les normes n’imprègnent plus le droit procréatif.

Contribution : On voit ici comment, pour faire valoir les normes procréatives qu’elle défend, dans la lignée de sa réprobation de la contraception et de l’avortement, l’institution catholique a recours à des normes séculières qui témoignent également de la sécularisation du catholicisme.
Pourquoi le programme québécois « Agir tôt » est-il controversé ?
Authors: Parazelli Michel , Auclair David , Brault Marie-Christine
Published: March 2022

Cadre de la recherche : La prévention précoce prédictive des troubles de comportement et d’apprentissage oriente progressivement depuis plus de 20 ans des politiques sociales et éducatives en petite enfance au Québec. Un exemple frappant est le récent programme, Agir tôt, dont l’existence est justifiée par les résultats de l’Enquête québécoise sur le développement des enfants de maternelle (EQDEM) qui utilise l’Instrument de mesure du développement de la petite enfance (IMDPE).

Objectif : Cet article se veut une invitation au débat en interrogeant les soubassements normatifs de ces programmes gouvernementaux.

Méthodologie : Notre démarche scientifique repose sur une posture épistémologique critique et utilise une méthodologie inductive qui s’inscrit dans un courant critique de la recherche qualitative. À partir des textes décrivant l’IMDPE et le programme Agir tôt, nous avons interrogé les concepts et les valeurs idéologiques mobilisés pour orienter a) la compréhension du développement de l’enfant et de ses difficultés et b) la finalité visée par ces intentions programmatiques et politiques.

Résultats : Notre analyse a révélé des biais théoriques et méthodologiques et a identifié une normativité spécifique sous-jacente à ces pratiques préventives controversées, dont le choix d’interpréter les faits à partir d’une biologie des comportements.

Conclusions : Ce programme s’inscrit en droite ligne avec la rationalité biomédicale de la prévention précoce prédictive en considérant comme des vérités absolues, d’une part des hypothèses sur le développement du cerveau, et d’autre part une interprétation béhavioriste de la normalité.

Contribution : Notre recherche démontre que ces biais sont largement ignorés non seulement par les parents, mais par les gestionnaires et les professionnels de la petite enfance. Une conséquence est de confisquer la responsabilité et la parole des parents contraints de devoir apprendre par des experts ce que devraient être leurs besoins.
W L-shell X-ray emission induced by C6+ions in the energy range of several hundred MeV/u
Authors: Zhou Xian-Ming  , Wei Jing  , Cheng Rui  , Mei Ce-Xiang  , Zeng Li-Xia  , Wang Xing  , Liang Chang-Hui  , Zhao Yong-Tao  , Zhang Xiao-An  ,   1) (Ion beam and Optical Physics Laboratory, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang 712000, China),   2) (Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China),   3) (School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China）
Published: March 2022

The L-shell X-ray emissions of tungsten has been investigated under the bombardment of C6+ ions in the high energy region of 154 - 424 MeV/u. Compared to the atomic data, the energy of the X-ray is enlarged, and the relative intensity ratios of Lı, Lβ1, 3, 4 and Lβ2, 15 to Lα1, 2 X-rays are enhanced. The L-subshell and the total X-ray production cross sections were calculated by a well corrected thick target formula and compared with the theoretical estimation of BEA, PWBA and ECPSSR. On the whole, the experimental cross sections are all smaller than the prediction of PWBA and ECPSSR, but in agreement roughly with that of BEA. It is indicated that the inner-shell ionization of W can be considered to be a binary process between the high energy C6+ ions acting as a point charge and the independent target electrons. With the L-shell ionization, the outer-shells are multiply ionized. The multi-ionization degree is regard to be almost constant in the present work. This results in the X-ray energy blue shift and the enhancement of the relative intensity ratios of Lı and Lβ to Lα X-ray. Using the atomic parameters corrected by multi-ionization, the X-ray production cross section can be estimated by the BEA model.
Study on Retrieval Method of Two-dimensional Distribution of Hypersonic Model Wake Electron Density
Authors: Wu Ming-Xing  , Tian De-Yang  , Tang Pu  , Tian Jing  , He Zhiyuan  , Ma Ping  ,   1) (Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institute, China Aerodynamics Reasearch and Development Center , Mianyang 621000, China),   2) (School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China）
Published: March 2022

The ballistic range uses a two-stage light gas gun to launch the model into a hypersonic state, and the model form a plasma wake when flying at hypersonic speed in the target chamber. In order to obtain the radial two-dimensional distribution of transient plasma electron density in the wake of hypervelocity model, a seven channels Ka-band microwave interferometer measuring system was developed. In the transceiver system, one transmitting antenna to achieve plane wave irradiation plasma, and a seven-port array antenna is used to receive plane waves which passing through the plasma, the antenna beam can completely cover the radial range of the wake. Measuring system shortest response time and electron density measurement range of the interferometer measuring system are 1ms and 1011-1013/cm3 respectively. Plasma is often treated as layered medium in data processing of multichannel microwave interferometer, consider the effect of refraction on the stratified interface, in this work, the ray tracing(RT) method is used to establish the electromagnetic propagation model, combined with the measurement data to construct the objective function, and the genetic algorithm(GA) is used to invert the radial two-dimensional distribution of the electron density under different test conditions. The result shows that it is in good agreement with the numerical simulation under the same test state, which proves the reliability of the validity of the data processing method. Then, the influence of the layered model on the calculation result is analyzed, which shows that the seven-layers model is suitable for the wake modeling under given experimental conditions, maximizing the number of receiving channels and ensuring the accuracy. RT method is used for the first time to achieve the two-dimensional distribution of electron density in the wake of hypervelocity projectile, and some rules of two-dimensional electron density distribution of the hypersonic model under given experimental conditions are realized.
A high-efficiency wideband tunable polarization conversion metasurface assisted by the localized surface plasmon resonances
Authors: Zhang Jian-Guo  , Yi Zao  , Kang Yong-Qiang  , Ren Hao  , Wang Wen-Yan  , Zhou Jing-Fan  , Hao Hui-Zhen  , Chang Hui-Dong  , Gao Ying-Hao  , Chen Ya-Hui  , Li Yan-Na  ,   1) (Department of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China),   2) (School of Science, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China),   3) (School of Physical Science and Electronics, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China),   4) (Institute of Theoretical Physics, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China),   5) (College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China),   6) (Information Communication Branch Company, State Grid Shanxi Electric Power Company, Taiyuan 030001, China),   7) (Department of Physics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China）
Published: March 2022

Combined with the Dirac semimetals (DSMs), which is a new type of material and also called as 3D graphene, a tunable wideband terahertz polarization conversion metasurface based on an anisotropic configuration is studied, in which the DSMs wire array is beneficial to the regulation of Fermi energy. The results show that the metasurface can realize wideband and highly efficient polarization conversion, and has the property of half wave plate at the resonant modes. This characteristics are derived from the excitation of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances (LSPRs) and the anisotropy of structure itself. When the incident angle changes in the range of 0°~40°, the high efficiency of wideband polarization conversion can be maintained. When it is greater than 40°, the wideband polarization conversion gradually changes to the dual-band or the multi-band conversion. Furthermore, it is found that in the process of increasing the Fermi energy of AlCuFe from 65 meV to 140 meV, the polarization conversion ratio can be maintained at a high level, and the conversion performance changes from single-band conversion to wideband conversion, and then to wideband conversion with wider band and single-band conversion with narrower band. At the same time, by discussing the metasurface combined with the different DSMs, it is concluded that the better the metallic property of DSMs is, the better the wideband polarization conversion performance of the corresponding metasurface is. At last, the numerical results are verified by the Multiple Interference Theory (MIT) based on the Fabry-Pérot-like resonance cavity.
A Bibliometric Evaluation of Worldwide Research of the Podiatry Field from 1965 to 2017
Authors: Cortijo Laura Carrasco , Quesada Jose A. , Lopez-Pineda Adriana , Orozco-Beltrán Domingo , Gil-Guillen Vicente F. , Carratala-Munuera Concepcion
Published: March 2022

Background

To identify the strengths and weaknesses in a given research area, it is necessary to analyze the published literature. International studies on podiatry research productivity are scarce. This study aimed to analyze scientific productivity in the area of podiatric medicine from 1965 to 2017.

Methods

This was a retrospective, observational, bibliometric study. The MEDLINE database was used to identify research published between 1965 and 2017. Literature searches were performed in 2010 and 2017 through RefWorks, and research production per year, author, document type, country, institution, journal, and language were calculated. Podiatry's contribution to global scientific production was measured by calculating the ratio of podiatry publications to total production, and Price's law was applied to analyze the temporal evolution. Author productivity index, coauthorship, geographic distribution, and the distribution by institution type and journal (Bradford's law) were analyzed.

Results

The MEDLINE search yielded 1,256 publications, representing 4.75 articles per 100,000 publications in global scientific research. The growth rate followed Price's law after linear adjustment. The 2,229 identified authors presented a transience index of 85.73%; 0.38% were highly productive authors. The coauthorship index increased from 1.40 in 1965 to 5.80 in 2017. The most common document type was the journal article, whereas 2.1% were clinical trials. Only one document reported a controlled clinical trial. The United States led scientific production, with 77.15% of the documents; 60.5% of the publications were concentrated in four journals.

Conclusions

Podiatry is still an emerging research field, and literature is concentrated in a small number of journals, categorized into different subjects.
A Rare Case Presentation
Authors: Ogunlana Oluwatosin
Published: March 2022

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disorder that affects several organs and systems in the human body. Digital gangrene is known to be a rare and severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus that could lead to amputation. We report a case of an adolescent who presented with an autoimmune disorder and multiple comorbidities and developed gangrenous toes.
Primary Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Distal Tibia Crossing the Open Physis
Authors: Arora Sumit , Khan Yasim , RK Vijay , Sural Sumit , Dhal Anil
Published: March 2022

Crossing the barrier of an open physis by primary aneurysmal bone cyst is an exceptional phenomenon. We present a rare case of primary active aneurysmal bone cyst of the distal tibia in a 15-year-old boy in whom the lesion had crossed the open lateral distal tibia physis. The diagnosis was confirmed by radiographs, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and histopathologic findings. The lesion was successfully treated by extended curettage and allograft impaction. The patient was asymptomatic when last seen at 30 months.
Acquired Digital Fibrokeratoma of the Toe
Authors: Gara Soumaya , Zaouak Anissa , Brahim Ehsen Ben , Jouini Raja , Fenniche Samy , Hammami Houda
Published: March 2022

Acquired digital fibrokeratoma is a rare and benign fibrous tumor; it is usually asymptomatic, and frequently arises from the fingers. The diagnosis is easily confirmed by pathologic evaluation. However, in some cases, it may be misdiagnosed as other benign conditions, mainly adnexal tumors and common warts, especially when located on the foot and toes. In this article, we report the case of a 45-year-old man who presented to our clinic for an acquired growth over the plantar surface of the second right toe. The tumor had evolved for 1 year and affected the patient's activities and mobility. On examination, the lesion was a dome-shaped, firm tumor with keratotic distal changes and a broad base attached to the overlying skin. Pathologic assessment was consistent with the diagnosis of acquired digital fibrokeratoma, ruling out other causes of abnormal growth. The tumor was completely excised with surgery, with excellent outcomes and no recurrence at follow-up. Although acquired digital fibrokeratoma is a rare condition, mostly located on the distal upper extremities and fingers, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of plantar soft-tissue tumors. Surgical management remains the mainstay of treatment.
The Effects of Different Screw Combinations on the Initial Stability of Ankle Arthrodesis
Authors: Valiyev Natiq , Demirel Mehmet , Hürmeydan Önder Murat , Sünbüloglu Emin , Bozdağ Ergun , Kılıçoğlu Önder
Published: March 2022

Background

The literature is scanty regarding the biomechanical effects of different thread configurations on the initial stability of ankle arthrodesis. This study aims to compare the initial stability of tibiotalar fusion site in ankle arthrodesis using cannulated screws with different thread designs.

Methods

We biomechanically tested under cyclic loading the effects of different screw combinations on the initial stability of ankle arthrodesis. A total of 28 synthetic ankle models were divided into four groups: two partially threaded cancellous screws (group A), partially and fully threaded cancellous screws (group B), a partially threaded cancellous screw with a headless compression screw (group C), and a fully threaded cancellous screw and a headless compression screw (group D). Biomechanical variables including ultimate failure load, initial stiffness, ultimate stiffness, and failure angulation were analyzed.

Results

There were no differences in any of the biomechanical variables among the four groups (P = .41 for ultimate failure load, P = .079 for initial stiffness, P = .084 for ultimate stiffness, and P = .937 for failure angulation).

Conclusions

Combinations of different cannulated screws showed similar results in terms of the stability and stiffness of the tibiotalar fusion site.
Thalamocortical axons control the cytoarchitecture of neocortical layers by area-specific supply of VGF
Authors: Sato Haruka , Hatakeyama Jun , Iwasato Takuji , Araki Kimi , Yamamoto Nobuhiko , Shimamura Kenji
Published: March 2022

Neuronal abundance and thickness of each cortical layer are specific to each area, but how this fundamental feature arises during development remains poorly understood. While some of area-specific features are controlled by intrinsic cues such as morphogens and transcription factors, the exact influence and mechanisms of action by cues extrinsic to the cortex, in particular the thalamic axons, have not been fully established. Here, we identify a thalamus-derived factor, VGF, which is indispensable for thalamocortical axons to maintain the proper amount of layer 4 neurons in the mouse sensory cortices. This process is prerequisite for further maturation of the primary somatosensory area, such as barrel field formation instructed by a neuronal activity-dependent mechanism. Our results provide an actual case in which highly site-specific axon projection confers further regional complexity upon the target field through locally secreting signaling molecules from axon terminals.
Functional characterization of a ‘plant-like’ HYL1 homolog in the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis indicates a conserved involvement in microRNA biogenesis
Authors: Tripathi Abhinandan M , Admoni Yael , Fridrich Arie , Lewandowska Magda , Surm Joachim M , Aharoni Reuven , Moran Yehu
Published: March 2022

While the biogenesis of microRNAs (miRNAs) in both animals and plants depends on the RNase III Dicer, its partner proteins are considered distinct for each kingdom. Nevertheless, recent discovery of homologs of Hyponastic Leaves1 (HYL1), a ‘plant-specific’ Dicer partner, in the metazoan phylum Cnidaria, challenges the view that miRNAs evolved convergently in animals and plants. Here, we show that the HYL1 homolog Hyl1-like a (Hyl1La) is crucial for development and miRNA biogenesis in the cnidarian model Nematostella vectensis. Inhibition of Hyl1La by morpholinos resulted in metamorphosis arrest in Nematostella embryos and a significant reduction in levels of most miRNAs. Further, meta-analysis of morphants of miRNA biogenesis components, like Dicer1, shows clustering of their miRNA profiles with Hyl1La morphants. Strikingly, immunoprecipitation of Hyl1La followed by quantitative PCR revealed that in contrast to the plant HYL1, Hyl1La interacts only with precursor miRNAs and not with primary miRNAs. This was complemented by an in vitro binding assay of Hyl1La to synthetic precursor miRNA. Altogether, these results suggest that the last common ancestor of animals and plants carried a HYL1 homolog that took essential part in miRNA biogenesis and indicate early emergence of the miRNA system before plants and animals separated.
High-resolution mapping demonstrates inhibition of DNA excision repair by transcription factors
Authors: Duan Mingrui , Sivapragasam Smitha , Antony Jacob S , Ulibarri Jenna , Hinz John M , Poon Gregory MK , Wyrick John J , Mao Peng
Published: March 2022

DNA base damage arises frequently in living cells and needs to be removed by base excision repair (BER) to prevent mutagenesis and genome instability. Both the formation and repair of base damage occur in chromatin and are conceivably affected by DNA-binding proteins such as transcription factors (TFs). However, to what extent TF binding affects base damage distribution and BER in cells is unclear. Here, we used a genome-wide damage mapping method, N-methylpurine-sequencing (NMP-seq), and characterized alkylation damage distribution and BER at TF binding sites in yeast cells treated with the alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). Our data show that alkylation damage formation was mainly suppressed at the binding sites of yeast TFs ARS binding factor 1 (Abf1) and rDNA enhancer binding protein 1 (Reb1), but individual hotspots with elevated damage levels were also found. Additionally, Abf1 and Reb1 binding strongly inhibits BER in vivo and in vitro, causing slow repair both within the core motif and its adjacent DNA. Repair of ultraviolet (UV) damage by nucleotide excision repair (NER) was also inhibited by TF binding. Interestingly, TF binding inhibits a larger DNA region for NER relative to BER. The observed effects are caused by the TF–DNA interaction, because damage formation and BER can be restored by depletion of Abf1 or Reb1 protein from the nucleus. Thus, our data reveal that TF binding significantly modulates alkylation base damage formation and inhibits repair by the BER pathway. The interplay between base damage formation and BER may play an important role in affecting mutation frequency in gene regulatory regions.
MicroRNA-138 controls hippocampal interneuron function and short-term memory in mice
Authors: Daswani Reetu , Gilardi Carlotta , Soutschek Michael , Nanda Prakruti , Weiss Kerstin , Bicker Silvia , Fiore Roberto , Dieterich Christoph , Germain Pierre-Luc , Winterer Jochen , Schratt Gerhard
Published: March 2022

The proper development and function of neuronal circuits rely on a tightly regulated balance between excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) synaptic transmission, and disrupting this balance can cause neurodevelopmental disorders, for example, schizophrenia. MicroRNA-dependent gene regulation in pyramidal neurons is important for excitatory synaptic function and cognition, but its role in inhibitory interneurons is poorly understood. Here, we identify miR138-5p as a regulator of short-term memory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the mouse hippocampus. Sponge-mediated miR138-5p inactivation specifically in mouse parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons impairs spatial recognition memory and enhances GABAergic synaptic input onto pyramidal neurons. Cellular and behavioral phenotypes associated with miR138-5p inactivation are paralleled by an upregulation of the schizophrenia (SCZ)-associated Erbb4, which we validated as a direct miR138-5p target gene. Our findings suggest that miR138-5p is a critical regulator of PV interneuron function in mice, with implications for cognition and SCZ. More generally, they provide evidence that microRNAs orchestrate neural circuit development by fine-tuning both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission.
Dopaminergic challenge dissociates learning from primary versus secondary sources of information
Authors: Rybicki Alicia J , Sowden Sophie L , Schuster Bianca , Cook Jennifer L
Published: March 2022

Some theories of human cultural evolution posit that humans have social-specific learning mechanisms that are adaptive specialisations moulded by natural selection to cope with the pressures of group living. However, the existence of neurochemical pathways that are specialised for learning from social information and individual experience is widely debated. Cognitive neuroscientific studies present mixed evidence for social-specific learning mechanisms: some studies find dissociable neural correlates for social and individual learning, whereas others find the same brain areas and, dopamine-mediated, computations involved in both. Here, we demonstrate that, like individual learning, social learning is modulated by the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist haloperidol when social information is the primary learning source, but not when it comprises a secondary, additional element. Two groups (total N = 43) completed a decision-making task which required primary learning, from own experience, and secondary learning from an additional source. For one group, the primary source was social, and secondary was individual; for the other group this was reversed. Haloperidol affected primary learning irrespective of social/individual nature, with no effect on learning from the secondary source. Thus, we illustrate that dopaminergic mechanisms underpinning learning can be dissociated along a primary-secondary but not a social-individual axis. These results resolve conflict in the literature and support an expanding field showing that, rather than being specialised for particular inputs, neurochemical pathways in the human brain can process both social and non-social cues and arbitrate between the two depending upon which cue is primarily relevant for the task at hand.
Boosting of cross-reactive antibodies to endemic coronaviruses by SARS-CoV-2 infection but not vaccination with stabilized spike
Authors: Crowley Andrew R , Natarajan Harini , Hederman Andrew P , Bobak Carly A , Weiner Joshua A , Wieland-Alter Wendy , Lee Jiwon , Bloch Evan M , Tobian Aaron AR , Redd Andrew D , Blankson Joel N , Wolf Dana , Goetghebuer Tessa , Marchant Arnaud , Connor Ruth I , Wright Peter F , Ackerman Margaret E
Published: March 2022

Preexisting antibodies to endemic coronaviruses (CoV) that cross-react with SARS-CoV-2 have the potential to influence the antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination and infection for better or worse. In this observational study of mucosal and systemic humoral immunity in acutely infected, convalescent, and vaccinated subjects, we tested for cross-reactivity against endemic CoV spike (S) protein at subdomain resolution. Elevated responses, particularly to the β-CoV OC43, were observed in all natural infection cohorts tested and were correlated with the response to SARS-CoV-2. The kinetics of this response and isotypes involved suggest that infection boosts preexisting antibody lineages raised against prior endemic CoV exposure that cross-react. While further research is needed to discern whether this recalled response is desirable or detrimental, the boosted antibodies principally targeted the better-conserved S2 subdomain of the viral spike and were not associated with neutralization activity. In contrast, vaccination with a stabilized spike mRNA vaccine did not robustly boost cross-reactive antibodies, suggesting differing antigenicity and immunogenicity. In sum, this study provides evidence that antibodies targeting endemic CoV are robustly boosted in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection but not to vaccination with stabilized S, and that depending on conformation or other factors, the S2 subdomain of the spike protein triggers a rapidly recalled, IgG-dominated response that lacks neutralization activity.
A new early branching armored dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic of southwestern China
Authors: Yao Xi , Barrett Paul M , Yang Lei , Xu Xing , Bi Shundong
Published: March 2022

The early evolutionary history of the armored dinosaurs (Thyreophora) is obscured by their patchily distributed fossil record and by conflicting views on the relationships of Early Jurassic taxa. Here, we describe an early diverging thyreophoran from the Lower Jurassic Fengjiahe Formation of Yunnan Province, China, on the basis of an associated partial skeleton that includes skull, axial, limb, and armor elements. It can be diagnosed as a new taxon based on numerous cranial and postcranial autapomorphies and is further distinguished from all other thyreophorans by a unique combination of character states. Although the robust postcranium is similar to that of more deeply nested ankylosaurs and stegosaurs, phylogenetic analysis recovers it as either the sister taxon of Emausaurus or of the clade Scelidosaurus+ Eurypoda. This new taxon, Yuxisaurus kopchicki, represents the first valid thyreophoran dinosaur to be described from the Early Jurassic of Asia and confirms the rapid geographic spread and diversification of the clade after its first appearance in the Hettangian. Its heavy build and distinctive armor also hint at previously unrealized morphological diversity early in the clade’s history.
Kid-size robot humanoid walking with heel-contact and toe-off motion
Authors: Wu Yucong , Pan Yang , Leng Xiaokun , He Zhicheng
Published: March 2022

Human-like features, like toe-off, heel-strike can enhance the performance of bipedal robots. However, few studies have considered the anthropomorphism of walking planning. Fewer studies have achieved their toe-off, heel-strike gait planning framework in a child-sized humanoid robot platform. This paper presents a human-like walking control framework based on the Divergent Component of Motion (DCM) com planning method that enables a child-sized humanoid robot to walk with a humanoid pattern with a speed of 0.6 s per step a strike of 30 cm. The control framework consists of three parts: the human-like gait generation of the center of mass (CoM) and swings foot trajectory, the dynamic replan in phase switch and the upper body stabilization controller. The dynamic replanning of the CoM and foot trajectory can efficiently decrease the vibration in the step-phase switch. The up-body stabilization controller can reduce the up-body swing in walking and increase the robot's stability while walking. The robot uses a mems-based inertial measurement unit (IMU) and joint position encoders to estimate the current state of the robot and use force-sensitive resistors (FSR) on the robot foot to identify the actual step phase of the robot. None of these solutions is high-cost or difficult to integrate with a child-size robot. Software simulations and walking experiments are using to verify the motion control algorithm. The effectiveness of the pattern generation and the controller can realize more human-like walking styles in a child-size robot are confirmed.
Temporal dynamics of requirements engineering from mobile app reviews
Authors: Alves de Lima Vitor Mesaque , de Araújo Adailton Ferreira , Marcondes Marcacini Ricardo
Published: March 2022

Opinion mining for app reviews aims to analyze people’s comments from app stores to support data-driven requirements engineering activities, such as bug report classification, new feature requests, and usage experience. However, due to a large amount of textual data, manually analyzing these comments is challenging, and machine-learning-based methods have been used to automate opinion mining. Although recent methods have obtained promising results for extracting and categorizing requirements from users’ opinions, the main focus of existing studies is to help software engineers to explore historical user behavior regarding software requirements. Thus, existing models are used to support corrective maintenance from app reviews, while we argue that this valuable user knowledge can be used for preventive software maintenance. This paper introduces the temporal dynamics of requirements analysis to answer the following question: how to predict initial trends on defective requirements from users’ opinions before negatively impacting the overall app’s evaluation? We present the MAPP-Reviews (Monitoring App Reviews) method, which (i) extracts requirements with negative evaluation from app reviews, (ii) generates time series based on the frequency of negative evaluation, and (iii) trains predictive models to identify requirements with higher trends of negative evaluation. The experimental results from approximately 85,000 reviews show that opinions extracted from user reviews provide information about the future behavior of an app requirement, thereby allowing software engineers to anticipate the identification of requirements that may affect the future app’s ratings.
CIAlign: A highly customisable command line tool to clean, interpret and visualise multiple sequence alignments
Authors: Tumescheit Charlotte , Firth Andrew E. , Brown Katherine
Published: March 2022

Background

Throughout biology, multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) form the basis of much investigation into biological features and relationships. These alignments are at the heart of many bioinformatics analyses. However, sequences in MSAs are often incomplete or very divergent, which can lead to poor alignment and large gaps. This slows down computation and can impact conclusions without being biologically relevant. Cleaning the alignment by removing common issues such as gaps, divergent sequences, large insertions and deletions and poorly aligned sequence ends can substantially improve analyses. Manual editing of MSAs is very widespread but is time-consuming and difficult to reproduce.

Results

We present a comprehensive, user-friendly MSA trimming tool with multiple visualisation options. Our highly customisable command line tool aims to give intervention power to the user by offering various options, and outputs graphical representations of the alignment before and after processing to give the user a clear overview of what has been removed. The main functionalities of the tool include removing regions of low coverage due to insertions, removing gaps, cropping poorly aligned sequence ends and removing sequences that are too divergent or too short. The thresholds for each function can be specified by the user and parameters can be adjusted to each individual MSA. CIAlign is designed with an emphasis on solving specific and common alignment problems and on providing transparency to the user.

Conclusion

CIAlign effectively removes problematic regions and sequences from MSAs and provides novel visualisation options. This tool can be used to fine-tune alignments for further analysis and processing. The tool is aimed at anyone who wishes to automatically clean up parts of an MSA and those requiring a new, accessible way of visualising large MSAs.
Spinal-pelvic sagittal parameters in patients with gluteal muscle contracture: an imaging study
Authors: Liu Jiyi , Huang Pengzhou , Jiang Guanwei , Gao Liang , Zhang Mengdi , Dong Xueping , Zhang Wentao , Zhang Xintao
Published: March 2022

Background

Gluteal muscle contracture (GMC) may cause abnormal spinal alignment as well as hip and pelvic deformities. The spine-pelvis alignment of GMC patients is unclear. This study aimed to describe the spine-pelvis sagittal alignment in patients with GMC and to explore the impact of GMC on the pathogenesis of low back pain (LBP).

Methods

Radiological analysis was performed in 100 patients with GMC and 100 asymptomatic volunteers who acted as the control group. Sagittal parameters were measured by two independent raters and their averages were presented on lateral radiographs of the whole spine, including pelvic incidence (PI), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), pelvic tilt (PT), lumbar lordosis (LL), sacral slope (SS), thoracic kyphosis (TK), and the relationship between PI and LL (expressed as PI-LL). All cases were categorized into one of three classes based on the apex position of lumbar lordosis and were further divided into three groups by the PI value. The GMC and control parameters were compared and the correlations between the parameters in the GMC group were analysed.

Results

The PI value of the GMC group was significantly less than that of the control group (42.38 ± 10.90° vs 45.68 ± 7.49°, P < 0.05). There was no difference found between the key parameters (SVA, PT, and PI-LL), which correlated with outcomes in adult deformity. No differences of SS were found between the two groups (P > 0.05). The GMC group showed lower average LL (42.77 ± 10.97° vs 46.41 ± 9.07°) and TK (17.34 ± 9.50° vs 20.45 ± 8.02°) compared with the control group (P < 0.05). LL was correlated with PI, SS, PT, TK (P < 0.01) and SVA (P < 0.05). TK and SVA were not correlated with any parameters except LL and pairwise correlations were found among PI, SS, and PT. There were no differences found between the distributions of the lumbar lordosis apex of GMC and the control but the range of SS in apex groups 3 and 4 did differ. GMC patients had the most small-PI value (44%) while approximately 64% of asymptomatic individuals had a normal PI. Interobserver variability was sufficient for all parameters calculated by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Conclusions

Gluteal muscle contracture causes a low PI which may contribute to low back pain. Patients with GMC present the same global sagittal spinal-pelvic balance as asymptomatic individuals due to a compensatory mechanism through excessive flat lumbar and thoracic curves. Future studies on the relationship between spinal-pelvic sagittal and coronal alignment and low back pain are needed to understand the mechanical forces involved in the onset of GMC.
Freeze-drying can replace cold-chains for transport and storage of fecal microbiome samples
Authors: Bensch Hanna M. , Tolf Conny , Waldenström Jonas , Lundin Daniel , Zöttl Markus
Published: March 2022

Background

The transport and storage of samples in temperatures of minus 80 °C is commonly considered as the gold standard for microbiome studies. However, studies conducting sample collection at remote sites without a reliable cold-chain would benefit from a sample preservation method that allows transport and storage at ambient temperature.

Methods

In this study we compare alpha diversity and 16S microbiome composition of 20 fecal sample replicates from Damaraland mole-rats (Fukomys damarensis) preserved in a minus 80 °C freezer and transported on dry ice to freeze-dried samples that were stored and transported in ambient temperature until DNA extraction.

Results

We found strong correlations between relative abundances of Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) between preservation treatments of the sample, no differences in alpha diversity measures between the two preservation treatments and minor effects of the preservation treatment on beta diversity measures. Our results show that freeze-drying samples can be a useful method for cost-effective transportation and storage of microbiome samples that yields quantitatively almost indistinguishable results in 16S microbiome analyses as those stored in minus 80 °C.
Transnasal Extraction of Mesiodens and Guided Eruption of Unusual Impacted Central Incisor: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Kumar Senthil , Kumar Arun , Prasad . , Rajiah Davidson , Deepa .
Published: March 2022

Mesiodens is one of the developmental problems in children and adolescents. Mesiodens is a supernumerary tooth in the midline between two central incisors which eventually causes poor aesthetics, food impaction, malocclusion and cyst formation. This is a rare case of a 13-year-old male with unusual impacted inverted permanent maxillary left central incisor and horizontally placed mesiodens lying palatal to the permanent maxillary left central incisor. The patient presented with unerupted permanent upper left central incisor. Although most unerupted teeth require surgical removal, surgical-orthodontic treatment may be needed when maxillary incisors are involved due to the aesthetic impact. Surgical-orthodontic treatment aims at the complete alignment of natural teeth and does not require prosthetic intervention. This case report also reviews current literature on the treatment and multidisciplinary management of this problem. Early diagnosis and treatment are recommended to prevent any orthodontic and pathological complications.
JATYADI GHRITA IN POST-OPERATIVE PAIN MANAGEMENT: A REVIEW
Authors: N V Srinivasa , Katti Anand
Published: March 2022

Post-operative pain is an anticipated, unavoidable physiological pain which is caused due to tissue trauma. Uncontrolled pain may cause restlessness and thereby delay in wound healing. There are many modes of treating the local pain by lignocaine jelly 2%, glycerine packing, diclofenac suppository which may reduce the pain but they are associated with their own drawbacks. Lack of use of effective analgesics in Ayurvedic medicines is the greatest disadvantage. This is one amongst the various causes of downfall of ayurvedic surgery. Hence there is constant quest for an ideal Ayurvedic analgesic therapy. Jatyadi ghrita is one of the well-known and highly effective classical Ayurvedic formulation indicated in the treatment of various ulcers. Along with it has vrana shodana and ropana properties it also contains drugs which are having shoolahara and vatashamana properties. Hence an attempt is made to explore the utility and scope of Jatyadi ghrita in pain management.
A REVIEW ON IMPORTANCE OF PATHYA-APATHYA IN PANCHAKARMA
Authors: Vasudev Haripriya , B. R. Anagha , H. S Madhushree , Puttur Ganesh
Published: March 2022

Pathya (compatible to health) Apathya (unwholesome) refers to proper diet and regimens. Keeping diet as part of our daily routine helps us to maintain a healthy lifestyle. In terms of Ayurveda, it is also a vital part of the chikitsa (treatment). Each Panchakarma (five internal bio-cleansing therapies) procedure has its own restrictions for diet and regimens, each of which has its own relevance and importance. This article explains about the different pathya (wholesome) apathyas (unwholesome) told with respect to Poorva (preparatory procedures), Pradhana (main therapeutic procedures) and Pashchat karma (post -therapy procedures) of different Panchakarma (five internal bio-cleansing therapies) procedures in detail.
A PRAGMATIC CLINICAL APPROACH ON EFFECTIVENESS AND MANAGEMENT OF JANUMARMABHIGHATA
Authors: . Rajeshwari , SG Chandini , R Anjana , S Anand , S Anupama
Published: March 2022

Ayurveda is one of the field which carries a huge acceleration in revitalisation. The rejuvenation of local health tradition had been continued after independence, though in a slow speed. The practice of Marma Chikitsa is more prevalent in Kerala and South Tamil Nadu and plays a key role even today. The importance of Ayurveda is even accepted by Western scholars in this high-tech era is worth to note. According to day-to-day clinical practise, Ayurvedic treatment shows better results in mild, moderate and severe cases of Janumarmabhighata. Hence, this study was undertaken to find out effective treatment for the Vikaras caused by Janumarmabhighata. 30 patients were selected for the current study according to derived inclusion and exclusion criteria, from OPD and IPD of Government Ayurveda college hospital, Trivandrum, Kerala. The case history of each patient was recorded as per the proforma designed. 10 patients were each tabulated under three groups containing janumarmabhighata lakshana like A, B, C groups (mild/moderate/severe) respectively, after assessing subjective and objective symptoms. Similarly, treatment protocol also was framed out in three different categories according to general line of management for sandhimarma kshata and janumarmabhighata. Remarkable improvement was noticed in each category after treatment. Assessment of clinical recovery in terms of pain, tenderness, swelling, wasting, muscle strength, flexion and extension in 3 groups were statistically also significant.
UTILITY OF SUDHA CHURNA IN AYURVEDA: A CRITICAL REVIEW
Authors: Mirajakar Anand Rajaram , Katti Anand
Published: March 2022

Rasashastra is a unique branch of Ayurveda. Rasadravyas gain importance as they produce great results with little dose. Sudha varga are the class of rasa dravya which are predominantly calcium compounds. Sudha varga includes Churna, varatika, shukti, shankha and so on. Sudha is employed therapeutically in the form of churna, churnodaka, lavana, navasadara bhashpa drava. Sudha churna is basically calcium oxide. Sudhachurna is indicated in conditions of krimiroga, mukhapaka, amlapitta and vrushchika damsha. According to Rasatarangini, Churnodaka is used in dravana, swedana, bhavana, nimajjana, dhalana, pachana. The sudhalavana is useful in raktasrava and bhashpa drava in murcha.