bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Major Surgery Affects Memory in Individuals with Cerebral Amyloid-β Pathology
Authors: Lage Carmen , González-Suárez Andrea , Alcalde-Hierro María Puerto , Sampedro-González María Isabel , Villanueva-Eguaras María Ángeles , Sánchez-Crespo Manuel Rubén , Widmann Catherine , Brosseron Frederic , Pozueta Ana , López-García Sara , García-Martínez María , Kazimierczak Martha , Bravo-González María , Fernández-Rodríguez Andrea , Drake-Pérez Marta , Irure-Ventura Juan , López-Hoyos Marcos , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Eloy , Heneka Michael T. , Sánchez-Juan Pascual
Published: December 2020

Background: Major surgery has been associated with perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND), but the contributing factors and long-term prognosis are uncertain. We hypothesize that preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) might predispose to cognitive deterioration after surgery. Objective: To analyze the effect of amyloid-β on the cognitive trajectory after orthopedic surgery in a sample of non-demented subjects. Methods: Non-demented individuals older than 65 years that were on the waiting list for orthopedic surgery with spinal anesthesia underwent a neuropsychological assessment before and after surgery. During surgery, cerebrospinal fluid samples were obtained to determine AD biomarkers. Results: Cumulative incidence of PND was 55.2%during a mean follow-up of nine months. The most affected cognitive domains were executive function and constructional praxis. The presence of abnormal levels of amyloid-β was associated to a postoperative impairment in verbal and visual memory tests. According to their AD biomarker profile, participants were categorized as either Amyloid Positive (A+) or Amyloid Negative (A-). The incidence of PND did not differ between both groups. The A- group showed a tendency similar to the global sample, worsening in executive function tests and improving on memory scales due to practice effects. In contrast, the A + group showed a notable worsening on memory performance. Conclusion: Our findings support the hypothesis that surgery may promote or accelerate memory decline in cognitively asymptomatic subjects with brain amyloid-β deposits.
Social Robot Interventions for People with Dementia: A Systematic Review on Effects and Quality of Reporting
Authors: Hirt Julian , Ballhausen Nicola , Hering Alexandra , Kliegel Matthias , Beer Thomas , Meyer Gabriele
Published: December 2020

Background: Using non-pharmacological interventions is a current approach in dementia care to manage responsive behaviors, to maintain functional capacity, and to reduce emotional stress. Novel technologies such as social robot interventions might be useful to engage people with dementia in activities and interactions as well as to improve their cognitive, emotional, and physical status. Objective: Assessing the effects and the quality of reporting of social robot interventions for people with dementia. Methods: In our systematic review, we included quasi-experimental and experimental studies published in English, French, or German, irrespective of publication year. Searching CINAHL, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science Core Collection was supplemented by citation tracking and free web searching. To assess the methodological quality of included studies, we used tools provided by the Joanna Briggs Institute. To assess the reporting of the interventions, we applied CReDECI 2 and TIDieR. Results: We identified sixteen studies published between 2012 and 2018, including two to 415 participants with mostly non-defined type of dementia. Eight studies had an experimental design. The predominant robot types were pet robots (i.e., PARO). Most studies addressed behavioral, emotion-related, and functional outcomes with beneficial, non-beneficial, and mixed results. Predominantly, cognitive outcomes were not improved. Overall, studies were of moderate methodological quality. Conclusion: Heterogeneous populations, intervention characteristics, and measured outcomes make it difficult to generalize the results with regard to clinical practice. The impact of social robot interventions on behavioral, emotion-related, and functional outcomes should therefore be assessed considering the severity of dementia and intervention characteristics.
Olfactory Dysfunction Is Already Present with Subjective Cognitive Decline and Deepens with Disease Severity in the Alzheimer’s Disease Spectrum
Authors: Wang Qiang , Chen Ben , Zhong Xiaomei , Zhou Huarong , Zhang Min , Mai Naikeng , Wu Zhangying , Huang Xingxiao , Haehner Antje , Chen Xinru , Auber Lavinia Alberi , Peng Qi , Hummel Thomas , Ning Yuping
Published: December 2020

Background: Odor identification dysfunction occurs early in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and is considered a preclinical symptom along with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Nevertheless, whether subjects with SCD are co-symptomatic with odor identification dysfunction remains unclear. Objective: To compare the degree of odor identification dysfunction and assess the relation between odor identification and cognitive performance in the AD spectrum (including SCD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD). Methods: Patients (84 SCD, 129 MCI, 52 AD) and 35 controls underwent the Sniffin’ Sticks Screen 16 test and comprehensive neuropsychological examination. Results: Odor identification scores were progressively lower moving from normal older adult to SCD, MCI, and AD. Additionally,the proportion of odor identification dysfunction were increasingly higher in the AD spectrum (p for trend <0.001), but no significant difference was found in the proportion of subjective olfactory dysfunction. No significant correlation was found between odor identification and cognition in the normal older adults and SCD subjects, but odor identification correlated with global cognition in the MCI (r = 0.199, p = 0.033) and in the AD (r = 0.300, p = 0.036) patients. Multiple linear regression showed that odor identification dysfunction was most strongly associated with memory among different cognitive subdomains and was most strongly associated with immediate verbal recall among different memory subdomains. Conclusion: Odor identification dysfunction is already present with SCD and deepens with disease severity in the AD spectrum, and it may contribute to predicting cognitive decline and identifying SCD subjects who are at risk of developing AD.
Decreased Orexin Receptor 1 mRNA Expression in the Locus Coeruleus in Both Tau Transgenic rTg4510 and Tau Knockout Mice and Accompanying Ascending Arousal System Tau Invasion in rTg4510
Authors: Keenan Ryan J. , Oberrauch Sara , Bron Romke , Nowell Cameron J. , Challis Leesa M. , Hoyer Daniel , Jacobson Laura H.
Published: December 2020

Background: Sleep/wake disturbances (e.g., insomnia and sleep fragmentation) are common in neurodegenerative disorders, especially Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). These symptoms are somewhat reminiscent of narcolepsy with cataplexy, caused by the loss of orexin-producing neurons. A bidirectional relationship between sleep disturbance and disease pathology suggests a detrimental cycle that accelerates disease progression and cognitive decline. The accumulation of brain tau fibrils is a core pathology of AD and FTD-tau and clinical evidence supports that tau may impair the orexin system in AD/FTD. This hypothesis was investigated using tau mutant mice. Objective: To characterize orexin receptor mRNA expression in sleep/wake regulatory brain centers and quantify noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) and orexinergic lateral hypothalamus (LH) neurons, in tau transgenic rTg4510 and tau–/– mice. Methods: We used i n situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in rTg4510 and tau–/– mice. Results: rTg4510 and tau–/– mice exhibited a similar decrease in orexin receptor 1 (OX1R) mRNA expression in the LC compared with wildtype controls. IHC data indicated this was not due to decreased numbers of LC tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH) or orexin neurons and demonstrated that tau invades TH LC and orexinergic LH neurons in rTg4510 mice. In contrast, orexin receptor 2 (OX2R) mRNA levels were unaffected in either model. Conclusion: The LC is strongly implicated in the regulation of sleep/wakefulness and expresses high levels of OX1R. These findings raise interesting questions regarding the effects of altered tau on the orexin system, specifically LC OX1Rs, and emphasize a potential mechanism which may help explain sleep/wake disturbances in AD and FTD.
Convalescent plasma therapy: A promising solution for SARS-CoV-2 outbreak
Authors: Singh Anuj Kumar , Chaterjee Animesh , Sirohi Sandeep , Sharma Nitin , Kathuria Ashima
Published: December 2020

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused more than 18 million confirmed cases and 700000 deaths worldwide after the outbreak in November 2019 (COVID-19). It has been considered as most pathogenic infection under this category. Till date none of the therapeutics or prophylaxis measures have been claimed by any researcher which could cure the patient suffering from the SARS-CoV-2 infection. There is an urgent need for any alternative and effective way of disease management for COVID-19. However, convalescent plasma therapy (CPT) has gain attention of researchers with significant improvement of patient survival rate. Interestingly, there are numerous examples where CPT has proven its potential upon post-exposure prophylaxis and/or treatment in various diseases including COVID-19. This review summarizes the essential elements related to CPT, its past clinical evidences and application of CPT for the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection during COVID-19. We used the published literatures from PubMed, EMBASE and Medline databases until 31st May 2020.
RETRACTED: Intelligent traffic control system based on open IoT and machine learning
Authors: Chen Jiaona , Liu Hailong
Published: December 2020

This article has been retracted, and the online PDF has been watermarked “RETRACTED”. The retraction notice is available at https://doi.org/10.3233/JIFS-219322.
Research on college physical education model based on virtual crowd simulation and digital media
Authors: Chen Yiqing
Published: December 2020

At present, the traditional sports teaching model has been unable to meet the needs of modern diversified talents. Based on the actual needs of physical education, this article reforms traditional physical education methods, proposes a university physical education model based on virtual crowd simulation and digital media, and builds a corresponding system. Moreover, this paper uses feature identification to monitor classroom teaching and counts multiple parameters to assist the effective teaching activities. In model tracking, the DMS motion trajectory is obtained, and then the center points of all grid sequences are calculated to generate a center point matrix. Considering the difference in motion between adjacent frames of DMS, the difference is quantified by the significance value, so that the sequence of adjacent frames with small differences is organized into clusters. In addition, this paper builds a computer system model based on actual needs and evaluates model performance through actual teaching. The research results show that the proposed model has good performance.
Evaluation of English intercultural communication ability based on machine learning and fuzzy mathematics
Authors: Qin Xiaolei
Published: December 2020

The process of international integration is accelerating continuously, which puts forward certain requirements for the current college students’ communicative ability and English ability. Therefore, it is necessary to further improve the students’ cross-cultural communicative ability in combination with English teaching. This paper combines machine learning and fuzzy mathematics methods to build an evaluation model of English cross-cultural communication ability. Moreover, based on the basic assumptions of college students’ oral communication ability evaluation, this paper builds a basic model for college students’ oral communication ability evaluation. In addition, through factor analysis and correlation analysis, this paper verifies the hypothesis of the student’s oral communication ability evaluation model and obtains an optimized university student’s oral communication ability evaluation model. After the model’s hypothesis testing and a series of statistical analysis, the evaluation system of college students’ oral communication ability is finally obtained. Finally, this article combines the investigation and analysis to test the performance of the model constructed in this article. The research results show that the capability evaluation model constructed in this paper has good performance.
Autonomous learning of foreign language based on facial emotion recognition and cloud computing
Authors: Gong Yan , Rina Sha
Published: December 2020

Due to the limitations of the learning environment and unguided guidance, students’ autonomous learning of foreign languages after class is not effective. In order to improve the efficiency of autonomous learning of foreign languages, this paper builds a foreign language self-learning system based on facial emotion recognition algorithm and cloud computing platform. Moreover, this paper uses emotion recognition algorithms to identify students’ status and guide them to improve students’ autonomous learning and improve the system’s operating efficiency through cloud computing platforms. In addition, this article combines the needs of autonomous learning to perform facial emotion matching and builds the corresponding functional modules of the system according to the requirements of autonomous learning and designs a sophisticated three-level network structure to achieve a balance between detection performance and real-time performance. In order to verify the performance of the system, an experiment was carried out through the accuracy rate of student’s autonomous state emotion recognition and the English improvement of students’ autonomous learning. The research results show that the foreign language autonomous learning system constructed in this paper has good performance.
Training prediction and athlete heart rate measurement based on multi-channel PPG signal and SVM algorithm
Authors: Lei Tang , Cai Zhu , Hua Luo
Published: December 2020

Athlete’s heart rate measurement has certain guiding significance for athlete training and competition intensity arrangement. At present, the accuracy and efficiency of the athlete’s heart rate measurement method cannot meet the actual training needs of athletes. In view of this, based on support vector machine, this research combines with improved algorithm to build athlete heart rate measurement model. Moreover, in this study, the denoising algorithm of multi-channel spectral matrix decomposition is used to eliminate the interference factors. The heart rate measurement algorithm based on support vector machine (Mix-SVM) proposed by this paper mainly includes the following parts: preprocessing, preliminary filtering of motion noise, sparse signal reconstruction model, spectral subtraction, and heart rate spectral peak tracking method based on SVM. In addition, in order to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm in this study, a control experiment is designed to verify the efficiency and accuracy of the algorithm proposed by this study. The research results show that the algorithm proposed by this paper has certain advantages in accuracy and efficiency.
Coordination and quality assurance through a programme for official statistics: The Norwegian case
Authors: Sæbø Hans Viggo , Andersen Marius
Published: December 2020

During the last few years, coordination and cooperation in the production of official statistics have been emphasised in the international statistical community. Updated versions of quality frameworks strengthen coordination as a key for improving the quality of official statistics. Quality requirements for such statistics have been clarified. This is also reflected in amended or new statistical legislation. In Norway a new statistics act was adopted in 2019, prescribing a multiannual programme for official statistics. The first draft programme has been prepared by Statistics Norway in cooperation with other producers of such statistics. It was adopted by the Government at the end of 2020. The programme defines requirements for and the content of official statistics, and which authorities will be responsible for the production of these statistics. This paper considers how a programme for official statistics can promote coordination, cooperation and quality improvements of official statistics. Preparing the programme for Norway has revealed some challenges which are discussed. These comprise issues linked to professional independence and impartiality of producers of official statistics and the relationship between official statistics and management information. Reflections on these challenges and how they are resolved are important to establish a good understanding of the concept “official statistics”.
The development of elective discipline «Leadership in pharmacy» for training master of pharmacy, industrial pharmacy in Ukraine
Authors: Aliekperova N. V.
Published: December 2020

The conditions of modern pharmaceutical market development require leadership at each level that lets not only respond rapidly and efficiently on the changes of the environment but initiate the necessary changes. Leaders as agents of changes can transform people’s values, to motivate and inspire, to form the vision of development of healthcare system and pharmaceutical sector taking into account the principles of system thinking for the provision of population with available, quality and safe pharmaceutical care and the improvement of their life.

The aim of the work is the development of an elective discipline «Leadership in Pharmacy» for training Master of Pharmacy, Industrial Pharmacy.

The literature review based on the data of international and foreign educational standards of higher pharmaceutical education, the current national educational standard, the experience of teaching subjects devoting to leadership in pharmacy both abroad and in Ukraine has been carried out. Such a scientific quantitative method as a survey has been used. 221 students from the School of Pharmacy at Bogomolets National Medical University have taken part in the survey.

The recommendations of the International Pharmaceutical Federation pay attention to the advisability of forming leadership competencies for pharmaceutical workers. The national standards of higher pharmaceutical education in the USA, Great Britain, Australia, Canada include a specific list of leadership competencies. The domestic standard of higher education for getting a Master’s degree in Pharmacy, Industrial Pharmacy includes certain general competencies based on the leadership. Some leadership skills are listed as special competencies and they are reflected in the discipline «Pharmaceutical Management and Marketing». However, a discipline aimed at the complex and systematic formation of leadership competencies is not presented in the working educational plan for training Masters in the field of knowledge «Healthcare» and specialty «Pharmacy». About 70% of the School of Pharmacy students at Bogomolets National Medical University think that the materials devoted to leadership «worth including» to the educational program and 28% of them notice that «rather worth including». According to the students’ opinions, the most interesting leadership topics are traits of leaders aimed at the success, leadership and team, the formation of leadership strategy – 76%, 72% і 70% respectively. The structure of the elective discipline «Leadership in Pharmacy» with an indication of the aim, list of topics, and the desired educational outcomes (competencies) has been presented.

The elective discipline «Leadership in Pharmacy» considering the formation of leadership skills at three successive levels, namely individual, team and organization has been developed. This discipline consists of the following modules: «Foundations of Leadership. Personal Leadership», «Leadership and Collaboration», «Leadership and Organizational Change».
Responsabilité internationale de l’État et des droits de l’homme : Le cas de la loi Maria da Penha au Brésil
Authors: Macêdo Karen Vanderlei
Published: December 2020

L’objectif central de cet article est d’analyser la responsabilité internationale de l’Etat brésilien dans le cas de la violence à l’égard des femmes, en particulier, à l’affaire qui est devenue emblématique au Brésil et à l’extérieur, qui a été l’implication de la violence contre Maria da Penha Maia Fernandes pratiquée par, aujourd’hui, son ex-mari. En l’espèce, il s’agit de l’affaire 12 051 (Maria da Penha Maia Fernandes c. Brésil), qui a été ouverte le 20 août 1998 par la Commission interaméricaine des droits de l’homme de l’Organisation des États américains (OEA). De l’intersection entre la violence domestique commise contre Maria da Penha Maia Fernandes et l’Institut de la responsabilité internationale, il a été vérifié comment l’application d’un institut international, par l’intermédiaire de la Commission interaméricaine des droits de l’homme de l’Organisation des États américains (IACHR-OEA), a influencé la création d’une législation qui garantit les droits des femmes dans l’État brésilien.
Los retos de la Administración tributaria en la era de la digitalización
Authors: Durán Cabré José Manuel , Esteller Moré Alejandro
Published: December 2020

La digitalización supone un reto para las Administraciones tributarias, que se encuentran ante una realidad más compleja, pero a su vez ante nuevas oportunidades derivadas del acceso a una cantidad ingente de información hasta hace poco impensable. En el artículo se analiza la evolución que se está produciendo en el papel de las Administraciones tributarias, se destacan algunas experiencias punteras y se subraya la importancia de la cooperación internacional.
A EDUCAÇÃO EM FAVOR DA EMANCIPAÇÃO DAS MULHERES NEGRAS
Authors: Miguel Batista Lara , Aparecida de Oliveira Pereira Ferreira Juliana , Mara Próspero da Cunha Virginia , Marcondes Bussolotti Juliana
Published: December 2020

Este artigo pretende apresentar reflexões sobre o processo de emancipação para as mulheres negras. De cunho bibliográfico, traz em seu bojo as relações entre direitos humanos, educação, gênero, raça e classe em nossa sociedade estruturada pelas hierarquias sociais. Evidencia-se que é imprescindível a educação para reivindicação por direitos. A educação, assim, mostra-se um instrumento poderoso para liberdade, possibilitando acesso ao conhecimento. Objetiva-se aprofundar teoricamente estas reflexões sobre a aquisição do direito à educação ao longo do desenvolvimento da humanidade para as mulheres negras e a importância das políticas de ações afirmativas para materializar os objetivos constitucionais e da Agenda 2030 da Organização das Nações Unidas. Visa-se promover um repensar reflexivo sobre a situação das mulheres negras, e as chances de aumentar as oportunidades sociais e serem reconhecidas como sujeitos produtores de conhecimento.
FORMATION OF INNOVATIVE BUILDINGS BY MEANS OF ERGODESIGN IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Smirnova O.
Published: December 2020

The article provides a definition of the concept of "innovative buildings and structures".
It was determined that innovative buildings formed using ergo design means are environmental objects (residential, public, industrial and polyfunctional buildings and complexes) intended for organizing processes of different nature, which in interaction form a specific functionally rich architectural and design environment with high ergonomic, psychological and aesthetic characteristics. It has been established that, depending on the conditions of placement in the urban environment, innovative buildings can be represented by local buildings with a small composition of premises, a group of architectural buildings with an increased number of components, a complex of architectural objects. The article discusses the features of the architectural and design formation of innovative buildings and structures as objects of sustainable development of the urban environment. It has been determined that rationally planned innovative buildings and structures are effective if they meet the requirements of environmental protection, reduce energy costs, and provide high environmental and other conditions for urban life. In order to develop methodological foundations for the formation of innovative buildings and structures in the urban environment, the current trends in their architectural and design formation have been identified. The article reveals the techniques of architectural and design formation of interior and exterior spaces of innovative buildings and structures in an urban environment using ergo design means. The means of ergo design, which are used for the architectural and design formation of innovative buildings in the urban environment, have been determined. It has been determined that the inclusion of an integral space in the structure of innovative buildings using ergo design means creates a comfortable multifunctional environment and allows solving a number of tasks. Based on the generalization of the material, the article identifies the main space-planning techniques for the formation of innovative multifunctional buildings using ergo design tools, which affect the creation of a unique individual artistic image of an object in an urban environment.
FORECASTING CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPOSITE STRENGTH ON THE BASIS OF PREFORMS IN ELEMENTS OF BUILDING STRUCTURES
Authors: Kondratiev A. , Andrieiev O.
Published: December 2020

Currently, wicker composite structures for various purposes are widely used in many industries. The use of such preforms allows to provide the possibility of automation of production, high speed and efficiency of the process of manufacturing polymeric composite materials and structures based on them. Knowledge of their properties allows you to optimize the production of structures with the necessary parameters during design. In the article the model of composite material on the basis of wicker reinforcement was further developed. For the practical implementation of this model, it is sufficient to test material samples with three different angles between the harnesses, for example, ± 30º, ± 45º and ± 60º. A mathematical description of the model is given. The model made it possible to predict the physical and mechanical characteristics of the composite material when it is laid out on curved surfaces. At the same time some fictitious limits of durability of a composite are defined. This is due to the fact that each value of the angle between the harnesses corresponds to its physical and mechanical characteristics of the unidirectional composite material. In this case, the ultimate strength curves necessarily pass through the points corresponding to the experimental data. The article shows that the possible deviations of the strength limits in the range of angles between the harnesses will lie within the range of characteristics obtained by testing. The article shows that in the realized interval of angles between the harnesses, almost any polynomial criterion of strength will accurately describe the strength of the composite reinforced with a braided sleeve. The obtained parameters, in contrast to the existing ones, allow to predict the strength characteristics of the composite on the basis of braided sleeves depending on the positioning and location of the material on the forming surface. The obtained results are the basis for solving the problems of calculating the strength of building structures from composite materials based on wicker preforms.
A prática docente num contexto heterogêneo de aprendizagem: o olhar sobre o aluno ideal e real
Authors: Nogueira Lourrane Almeida , De Oliveira-Mendes Solange Alves
Published: December 2020

Neste estudo, analisamos a concepção de uma professora acerca do conceito de “aluno ideal”. Na ocasião da pesquisa, a mestra atuava na educação infantil com crianças de cinco anos de idade numa escola da rede particular do Distrito Federal. Investigamos como a concepção de criança e infância influenciava na maneira de ensinar e tratar os alunos reais que, de fato, estavam na sua sala de aula. Procuramos entender, de modo específico, se a infância era valorizada pela professora dentro do seu próprio conceito de aluno ideal e quais as implicações de suas expectativas narelação professor-aluno e aluno-aluno. Recorremos a autores, tais como: Ariès (1981); Del Priore (1991); Faria (2005), entre outros, cujo enfoque recai na análise da infância ao longo dos séculos no Brasil, bem como numa esfera mais ampla. Analisamos, ainda, como a infância está inserida, na contemporaneidade, no contexto escolar. Optamos pela pesquisa qualitativa e, como instrumentos metodológicos, recorremos à observação participante e à entrevista semiestruturada com a professora regente. Como resultado, ressaltamos que havia expectativas, por parte da docente, acerca dos alunos, no concernente ao seu conceito de aluno ideal. Esse pressuposto refletia diretamente em suas ações didáticas, visto que, aqueles aprendizes que demonstravam bom comportamento, rendimento cognitivo satisfatório, eram tratados de forma diferente dos demais. Em contrapartida, não escondia sua frustração diante daqueles que não se inseriam nesse contexto por ela idealizado.
„Ó synd, ó syndin arga, [...]“. Birtingarmynd syndarinnar í Passíusálmunum
Authors: Hugason Hjalti
Published: December 2020

Í greininni er grafist fyrir um birtingarform syndarinnar í Passíusálmum Hallgríms Péturssonar. Í vestrænni guðfræðihefð hefur gætt spennu milli tvenns konar skilnings á syndinni. Annars vegar hefur verið litið á hana sem einstakar hugsanir, orð eða ill verk sem manninum er að meira eða minna leyti í sjálfsvald sett hvort hann velji að framkvæma eða láta ógerð. Líta má á þetta sem siðrænan skilning á syndinni. Hins vegar hefur verið litið á hana sem spillt ástand mannsins eftir syndafallið sem geri það að verkum að honum sé í raun ógerlegt að velja að breyta rétt. Hér kallast þessi skilningur tilverufræðilegur. Athugunin leiðir í ljós að bæði þessi merkingarsvið koma tíðum fyrir í Passíusálmunum svo sem við mátti búast eins fyrirferðarmikið og hugtakið er í sálmunum. Þá virðist Hallgrími ekki hafa verið í mun að halda merkingarsviðunum aðgreindum. Þykir það renna styrkum stoðum undir það mat að Passíusálmana beri fremur að skoða sem íhugunar- og guðræknirit en guðfræðilegt verk. Hlýtur það að valda miklu um hvernig sálmarnir eru túlkaðir, meðal annars sá syndaskilningur sem þar ríkir.
Flucht - Geschlecht - Sexualität Eine menschenrechtsbasierte Perspektive auf Grundversorgung und Asylberechtigung
Authors: Sußner Petra
Published: December 2020

inführung und Nachschlagewerk zu den „neuen“ Verfolgungsgründen Geschlecht und Sexualität Als „neue“ Verfolgungsgründe sind Sexualität und Geschlecht vor den Gerichten anerkannt und mittlerweile in die Rechtsgrundlagen aufgenommen worden. Das Asylsystem steht damit vor spezifischen Herausforderungen. Diese Herausforderungen greift das Buch für den LGBTI+ Bereich auf und stellt dabei Erkenntnisse der Legal Gender Studies in den Dienst konkreter Rechtsfragen. Das Ergebnis ist eine menschenrechtsbasierte Perspektive auf das Gemeinsame Europäische Asylsystem und dessen Umsetzung in Österreich. Im Fokus stehen Grundversorgung und Asylberechtigung als in der Praxis eng verzahnte Bereiche: Ein sicheres Ankommen im Aufnahmestaat ist - gerade - für LGBTI+ Asylsuchende grundlegende Voraussetzung für eine effektive Mitwirkung im Zugang zum Schutz. Mit terminologischen Grundlagen, dem Konflikt um „Diskretionserwartungen“ oder Gewaltschutz in Unterkünften gibt das Buch in klassischen ebenso wie in bisher unerschlossenen Fragen konkrete Beispiele und Anregungen für die Fallprüfung. Das Werk ist das erste zum Thema Geschlecht und Sexualität im Asylrecht in Österreich und schlägt damit eine Brücke zu den internationalen Refugee Studies und der deutschsprachigen Fluchtforschung.
La comunicación digital en las artes escénicas españolas
Authors: Lerena Adriana
Published: December 2020

¿Qué cultura está en las redes? ¿Cuáles son las estrategias de comunicación que lideran las instituciones culturales? ¿Cuáles son las prácticas comunicativas de las que podemos aprender y aquellas de las que deberíamos huir? ¿Las redes alargan la experiencia cultural? Estas son solo algunas de las cuestiones iniciales que se plantean para generar este debate, pero, a su vez, abren un sinfín de debates en paralelo e independientes, muy difíciles de responder en un breve artículo.
On Generalized Fibonacci Numbers
Authors: ODUOL Fidel , OKOTH Isaac Owino
Published: December 2020

Fibonacci numbers and their polynomials have been generalized mainly by two ways: by maintaining the recurrence relation and varying the initial conditions, and by varying the recurrence relation and maintaining the initial conditions. In this paper, we introduce and derive various properties of $r$-sum Fibonacci numbers. The recurrence relation is maintained but initial conditions are varied. Among results obtained are Binet's formula, generating function, explicit sum formula, sum of first $n$ terms, sum of first $n$ terms with even indices, sum of first $n$ terms with odd indices, alternating sum of $n$ terms of $r-$sum Fibonacci sequence, Honsberger's identity, determinant identities and a generalized identity from which Cassini's identity, Catalan's identity and d'Ocagne's identity follow immediately.
Studies on fish diversity concerning Hydro-ecology of Kangsabasti river in Purulia
district, West Bengal, India
Authors: Saha Manab Kumar
Published: December 2020

Fish diversity depends both on various physicochemical parameters and the biological components of the riverine ecosystem. During the study period from January 2017 to December 2019 the highest fish diversity and density were observed in post-monsoon and lowest in pre-monsoon season in the Kangsabati River, Purulia District of West Bengal. Twenty five fish species, associated with 19 genera, 10 families and 5 orders have been identified. It was recorded that the Cyprinidae was the predominant family, which represented 56% of the entire fish catch.
Tryptophan catabolism to serotonin and kynurenine in women undergoing
in-vitro fertilization
Authors: Bódis J , Sulyok E , Koppán M , Várnagy Á , Prémusz V , Gödöny K , Rascher W , Rauh M
Published: December 2020

This cross-sectional clinical study was designed to explore the impact of tryptophan-kynurenine and tryptophan-serotonin (5 HT) pathways on reproductive performance during in vitro fertilization (IVF). Paired serum and follicular fluid (FF) samples were obtained from 64 consecutive IVF patients. The analysis was done by using LC-MS/MS. Ovarian hyperstimulation resulted in decreased serum tryptophan (p<0.004), 5-HT (p<0.049) and kynurenine (p<0.001). FF levels of tryptophan (R=0.245, p<0.051), kynurenine (R=0.556, p<0.001) and 5-HT (R=0.523, p<0.001) were positively related to their respective serum levels. Clinical pregnancy was associated with higher serum 5-HT (p<0.045) and FF 5-HT (p<0.020) and lower kynurenine to 5-HT ratio (p<0.024). Chemical pregnancy was also positively related to FF 5-HT (R=0.362, p<0.024). Moreover, there was a direct relationship of the number of mature oocytes to the FF 5-HT (R=0.363, p<0.020) but it was inversely related to FF tryptophan to 5-HT and FF kynurenine to 5-HT ratios (R=-0.389, p<0.016 and R=-0.337, p<0.036, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the number of mature oocytes was significantly influenced by FF 5-HT (β=0.473, p<0.001). In IVF patients ovarian hyperstimulation results in a reduction of the availability of tryptophan to catabolic pathways to kynurenine and 5-HT. Outcome measures improved significantly when 5-HT predominated over kynurenine.
Drug for contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination: new dimension in early diagnosis of angionephrosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease background
Authors: Borsukov A. V. , Gorbatenko O. A. , Venidiktova D. Yu. , Pulatova I. Z.
Published: December 2020

Objective. To evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of the contrast-enhanced third-generation agent in the detection of angionephrosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease background.

Materials and methods. 26 patients (9 men and 17 women; mean age 61.5 ± 4.3 years) with a confirmed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and NAFLD were examined. All patients underwent complex diagnostics, including: quantitative ultrasound steatometry of the liver in the framework of combined elastography with visual and quantitative assessment of the attenuation coefficient of the ultrasonic wave; ultrasound examination of the kidneys in B-mode with vascular diagnostics in the Doppler mapping mode. Also, all patients underwent contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination of the kidneys with the contrast agent for the diagnosis of angionephrosclerosis.

Results. The method of CEUS of the kidneys with patients with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD has sensitivity of 92.7 %, and accuracy of 90.4 %. Color Doppler mode has sensitivity of 66.5–81.4 %, and accuracy of 58.4–73.6 %.

Conclusion. The ultrasound contrast agent may be used in the early diagnosis of angionephrosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD as a non-alternative imaging method with no radiation exposure and no nephrotoxicity.
Predicting Math Student Success in the Initial Phase of College With Sparse Information Using Approaches From Statistical Learning
Authors: Kilian Pascal , Loose Frank , Kelava Augustin
Published: December 2020

In math teacher education, dropout research relies mostly on frameworks which carry out extensive variable collections leading to a lack of practical applicability. We investigate the completion of a first semester course as a dropout indicator and thereby provide not only good predictions, but also generate interpretable and practicable results together with easy-to-understand recommendations. As proof-of-concept, a sparse feature space together with machine learning methods is used for prediction of dropout, wherein the most predictive features have to be identified. Interpretability can be reached by introducing risk groups for the students. Implications for interventions are discussed.
Status and Distribution of Waterbirds in a Natura 2000 Area: The Case of Gialova Lagoon, Messinia, Greece
Authors: Maneas Giorgos , Bousbouras Dimitris , Norrby Viggo , Berg Håkan
Published: December 2020

Located at the south-western most part of the Balkan peninsula, along an important migration route (the Mediterranean/Black Sea Flyway), the Gialova Lagoon wetland is one of the few remaining Important Bird Areas (IBAs) along the south-west coast of Greece, also designated as a Special Protection Area. The wetland serves as the first suitable stopover for many spring migrants who have flown non-stop over the Mediterranean Sea, and the last before their journey back to Africa in the autumn. In this study, we conducted monthly field visits during the period October 2016 to January 2019 with the aim to complement existing information about the site, to evaluate the current status and distribution of waterbirds, to provide insights for the management of the area and to re-assess the IBA/Ramsar criteria. A total of 149 bird species representing 43 families and 15 orders were recorded, including 36 threatened species at an International, European or/and national level, and 40 species listed in the Annex I of the EUs Birds Directive (21 species were listed as both threatened and under Annex I). 81 species were identified as wetland related species, of which 66 species were identified as waterbirds (7 orders, 11 families). Waterbirds richness and abundance were higher during the Wet season and corresponding periods (Wintering and Spring migration). All parts of the wetland supported waterbirds and threatened species, with the S. Wetland sub-area being the most diverse during the Breeding/Nesting, and both migration periods. The abundance of most waterbirds and IBA species have declined over the last 20 years, but this does not necessarily mean that the area no longer fulfills Ramsar criterion 6 (and equivalent IBA criterion A4i). However, this outcome should not be overlooked by the site managers and conservation actions, such as the restoration of fresh water inflows which could improve habitats and water conditions for IUCN and IBA species, should be implemented with high priority. In addition, our results indicate that the area meets Ramsar criterion 4 and criterion 2, and thus we suggest that it should be further investigated and evaluated to potentially become the eleventh Greek Ramsar site.
Dual-Task Training Affect Cognitive and Physical Performances and Brain Oscillation Ratio of Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Parvin Elnaz , Mohammadian Fatemeh , Amani-Shalamzari Sadegh , Bayati Mahdi , Tazesh Behnaz
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of dual-task training on cognitive status, physical performance, and brain oscillation of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Twenty-six AD patients were randomly assigned to two groups, the training group (TG) and control group (CG). TG executed progressive combined exercises with visual stimulation twice a week for 12 weeks. Training included muscle endurance, balance, flexibility, and aerobic exercises with eyes closed and opened. Brain oscillation on electroencephalography (EEG) and a series of physical, cognitive, and mental tests were taken before and post-intervention. There was a significant improvement after training protocol in cognitive function, particularly in short-term and working memory, attention, and executive function (p < 0.01). Besides, there were substantial improvements in depression status (GDS scale), aerobic fitness (6 min walking), flexibility (chair sit and reach) functional ability (chair stand, timed up and go test), strength (knee extensions, preacher biceps curl, handgrip) in TG compared to CG. These signs of progress were associated with a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the frequency of brain oscillation and a decrease in the theta/alpha ratio. In addition to physical performance, the regular combined training with visual stimulation improves brain health as indicated by improving cognitive function and reducing the theta/alpha ratio.

Clinical Trial Registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) https://www.irct.ir/, identifier IRCT20190504043468N1—August 5, 2020.
Overground Walking Decreases Alpha Activity and Entrains Eye Movements in Humans
Authors: Cao Liyu , Chen Xinyu , Haendel Barbara F.
Published: December 2020

Experiments in animal models have shown that running increases neuronal activity in early visual areas in light as well as in darkness. This suggests that visual processing is influenced by locomotion independent of visual input. Combining mobile electroencephalography, motion- and eye-tracking, we investigated the influence of overground free walking on cortical alpha activity (~10 Hz) and eye movements in healthy humans. Alpha activity has been considered a valuable marker of inhibition of sensory processing and shown to negatively correlate with neuronal firing rates. We found that walking led to a decrease in alpha activity over occipital cortex compared to standing. This decrease was present during walking in darkness as well as during light. Importantly, eye movements could not explain the change in alpha activity. Nevertheless, we found that walking and eye related movements were linked. While the blink rate increased with increasing walking speed independent of light or darkness, saccade rate was only significantly linked to walking speed in the light. Pupil size, on the other hand, was larger during darkness than during light, but only showed a modulation by walking in darkness. Analyzing the effect of walking with respect to the stride cycle, we further found that blinks and saccades preferentially occurred during the double support phase of walking. Alpha power, as shown previously, was lower during the swing phase than during the double support phase. We however could exclude the possibility that the alpha modulation was introduced by a walking movement induced change in electrode impedance. Overall, our work indicates that the human visual system is influenced by the current locomotion state of the body. This influence affects eye movement pattern as well as neuronal activity in sensory areas and might form part of an implicit strategy to optimally extract sensory information during locomotion.
Evidence for [Coronal] Underspecification in Typical and Atypical Phonological Development
Authors: Cummings Alycia E. , Ogiela Diane A. , Wu Ying C.
Published: December 2020

The Featurally Underspecified Lexicon (FUL) theory predicts that [coronal] is the language universal default place of articulation for phonemes. This assumption has been consistently supported with adult behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) data; however, this underspecification claim has not been tested in developmental populations. The purpose of this study was to determine whether children demonstrate [coronal] underspecification patterns similar to those of adults. Two English consonants differing in place of articulation, [labial] /b/ and [coronal] /d/, were presented to 24 children (ages 4–6 years) characterized by either a typically developing phonological system (TD) or a phonological disorder (PD). Two syllables, /bɑ/ and /dɑ/, were presented in an ERP oddball paradigm where both syllables served as the standard and deviant stimulus in opposite stimulus sets. Underspecification was examined with three analyses: traditional mean amplitude measurements, cluster-based permutation tests, and single-trial general linear model (GLM) analyses of single-subject data. Contrary to previous adult findings, children with PD demonstrated a large positive mismatch response (PMR) to /bɑ/ while the children with TD exhibited a negative mismatch response (MMN); significant group differences were not observed in the /dɑ/ responses. Moreover, the /bɑ/ deviant ERP response was significantly larger in the TD children than in the children with PD. At the single-subject level, more children demonstrated mismatch responses to /dɑ/ than to /bɑ/, though some children had a /bɑ/ mismatch response and no /dɑ/ mismatch response. While both groups of children demonstrated similar responses to the underspecified /dɑ/, their neural responses to the more specified /bɑ/ varied. These findings are interpreted within a proposed developmental model of phonological underspecification, wherein children with PD are functioning at a developmentally less mature stage of phonological acquisition than their same-aged TD peers. Thus, phonological underspecification is a phenomenon that likely develops over time with experience and exposure to language.