bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 6-DIMENSIONAL HILBERT APPROACH TO INDEX FULL WAVEFORM LiDAR DATA IN A DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Vo A. V. , Chauhan N. , Laefer D. F. , Bertolotto M.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Laser scanning data are increasingly available across the globe. To maximize the data's usability requires proper storage and indexing. While significant research has been invested in developing storage and indexing solutions for laser scanning point clouds (i.e. using the discrete form of the data), little attention has been paid to developing equivalent solutions for full waveform (FWF) laser scanning data, especially in a distributed computing environment. Given the growing availability of FWF sensors and datasets, FWF data management solutions are increasingly needed. This paper presents an attempt towards establishing a scalable solution for handling large FWF datasets by introducing the distributed computing solution for FWF data. The work involves a FWF database built atop HBase – the distributed database system running on Hadoop commodity clusters. By combining a 6-dimensional (6D) Hilbert spatial code and a temporal index into a compound indexing key, the database system is capable of supporting multiple spatial, temporal, and spatio-temporal queries. Such queries are important for FWF data exploration and dissemination. The proposed spatial decomposition at a fine resolution of 0.05 m allows the storage of each LiDAR FWF measurement (i.e. pulse, waves, and points) on a single row of the database, thereby providing the full capabilities to add, modify, and remove each measurement record anatomically. While the feasibility and capabilities of the 6D Hilbert solution are evident, the Hilbert decomposition is not due to the complications from the combination of the data’s high dimensionality, fine resolution, and large spatial extent. These factors lead to a complex set of both attractive attributes and limitation in the proposed solution, which are described in this paper based on experimental tests using a 1.1 billion pulse LiDAR scan of a portion of Dublin, Ireland.
A NEW HIERARCHICAL CLUSTERING APPROACH FOR SPARSE MOBILE PHONE TRAJECTORIES
Authors: Wang W. , Luan Z. , He B. , Li X. , Zhang D. , Huang Z. , Tu W.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Understanding the pattern of human activities benefits both the living service providing for the public and the policy-making for urban planners. The development of location-aware technology enables us to acquire large volume individual trajectories with different spatial and temporal resolution, such as GPS trajectories, mobile phone positioning data, social media check-in data, Wifi, and Bluetooth. However, the highest population penetrated mobile phone positioning trajectories are hard to infer human activity pattern directly, because of the sparsity in both space and time. This article presents a hierarchical clustering approach by using the move and stay sequences inferred from spare mobile phone trajectories to uncover the hidden human activity pattern. Personal stays at some places and following moves are first extracted from mobile phone trajectories, considering the spatial uncertainty of position. The similarity of trajectories is measured with a new indicator defined by the area of a spatial-temporal polygon bound with normalized trajectories. Finally, a hierarchical clustering method is developed to group trajectories with similar stay-move chains from the bottom to the top. The obtained clusters are analyzed to identify human activity patterns. An experiment with mobile phone users’ one-day trajectories in Shenzhen, China was conducted to test the performance of the proposed clustering approach. The results indicate all used trajectories are classified into 10 clusters representing typical daily activity patterns from the simple home-staying mode to complex home-working-social activity daily cycles. This study not only unravels the hidden activity patterns behind massive sparse trajectories but also deepens our understanding of the interaction of human activity and urban space.
Adult Education and International Organizations (UNESCO): Contemporary Policies and Strategies
Authors: Panagiotopoulos George , Pertesi Katerina , Karanikola Zoe
Published: September 2018

In a rapidly changing world with its diverse spectrum of social characteristics that are currently defining our present period, its continual influx of migrating populations, the growing development of technology as well as the continual increasing rate of unemployment makes it more now than ever, necessary to develop not only international but also national policies that aim to support the viability and advancement of its citizens. International organizations constitute the corner stone of public policy for the confrontation of these challenges. More specifically, UNESCO and the institutions of the European Union (EU) should be called on to play a decisive role in the implementation of Agenda 2030 using the experience and the extended diplomatic networks that they possess. Consequently, important official texts of international policies concerning the prosperity of its citizens through adult education have been recorded. This research, through the qualitative analysis of the UNESCO (2016) text, is meant to highlight and study the dimensions of adult learning and how they can be made applicable. Through the analysis of the text, there are emerging thematic networks, which are related to policy making, a feature of which is the investment in lifelong learning, to disseminate good practices and to evaluate them. A cornerstone of policies, actions and decisions is also the social right of adult citizens.
Debt Immense: The Freudian Satan, Yet Once More
Authors: Barnaby Andrew
Published: September 2018

Reflecting on Freud's observation that Milton was among his “real teachers,” this article revisits the claim that the predicament of Satan in Paradise Lost might be interpreted through the psychoanalytic notion of trauma. After reviewing past efforts at employing this critical approach, the article tries to establish a clearer understanding of the satanic motive for rebellion and the existential crisis that underlies it by drawing on Cathy Caruth's Unclaimed Experience and Ruth Leys's Trauma: A Genealogy.
A sensitive real-time RT-PCR reveals a high incidence of Southern tomato virus (STV) in Spanish tomato crops
Authors: Elvira-González Laura , Carpino Caterina , Alfaro-Fernández Ana , Font-San Ambrosio María I. , Peiró Rosa , Rubio Luis , Galipienso Luis
Published: September 2018

Southern tomato virus (STV) is a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus belonging to genus Amalgavirus (family Amalgamaviridae). STV has been detected in tomato plants showing different symptoms although it has not been demonstrated that STV is the causal agent. To study the STV incidence and its pathogenic role, a sensitive and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay (RT-qPCR) was developed. The standard curve performed with viral RNA transcripts allowed a wide dynamic range for STV quantitation from 104 to 1011 copies/ng of total RNA. STV detection by RT-qPCR was 102-fold more sensitive than conventional RT-PCR or RT-LAMP and 104-fold more sensitive than molecular hybridization. STV was detected in different tomato plant tissues, as well as in the coat and the embryo of individual seeds. Also, viral concentration remained constant over time in leaf tissues of STV-infected tomato plants. Surveys on different tomato fields from Spain revealed that STV was widespread. In addition, the virus was detected in almost every tomato variety and nursery analyzed. STV-infected tomato plants did not show any disease-related symptom suggesting that the virus was not directly the causal agent of any tomato disease. However, there is no information about the STV effect in mixed infections or in abiotic stressed conditions and further studies must be performed to clarify it. The RT-qPCR assay developed in this work could be implemented on sanitation programs in order to limit the virus spread and could be used to study the effect of STV in mix infections or abiotic stressed conditions.
Refugee smartphone access to health care in Canada: Concept analysis
Authors: Epstein Iris , Balaquiao Lorivie , Chang Kai Ya , Nguyen Jade
Published: September 2018

Objective: With the ever-changing smartphone healthcare technology also comes nurses’ responsibilities to recognize its ethical implications particularly among vulnerable population. The aim of this paper is to explore what we know about the use of smartphone to access health care among refugees and new immigrants.Methods: We were guided by Walker and Avant (2011) concept analysis methodology. Concept analysis is a rigorous method to better understand ethical implications, meaning, attributes, antecedents and consequences of smartphone access to health care. Diverse databases were included such as CINAHL, Journals@Ovid, ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source, ProQuest Psychology Journals, PsychINFO, ERIC, and Education Full Text.Results: The concept analysis retrieved 23 studies. Overarching themes included the physical (e.g. income, geographical location) and social (generation; access to regular internet; digital literacy; relationship with practitioners) that were attributed to refugee and new immigrant access to health care.Conclusions: Some of the ethical implication when using smartphone to access health care technology with refugees and new immigrants are discussed and the skills needed for nursing practice are identified and recommendations for nurse education and research are made.
RN to BSN Students’ communication satisfaction with asynchronous discussion forums: Audio-video versus text-based responses
Authors: Denson Vicki L. , Shurts Leslie M.
Published: September 2018

Objective: This pilot study examined an innovative strategy for an RN to BSN online program, specifically focused on the required asynchronous discussion forums. The aim of the study was to compare RN to BSN students’ communication satisfaction with audio-video discussion responses versus the traditional text-based responses.Methods: Utilizing a pretest-posttest design, RN to BSN student’s communication satisfaction with traditional text-based discussion responses was measured using a 5-point Likert scale survey at the end of fall semester. Audio-video responses were the required discussion response format during the subsequent spring semester. Students’ communication satisfaction with asynchronous audio-video discussion responses was measured at the end of the spring semester. Paired t-tests and descriptive statistics were conducted.Results: Students satisfaction significantly increased with audio-video discussion responses for the extent communication was positive, accurate and free flowing. There were no statistically significant differences in students’ satisfaction between text and audio-video format related to the extent communication motivated them to meet course goals and identify with the discussion, or with the extent instructors offered guidance and were open to ideas and attention to content.Conclusions: Although limited by a small sample size and low power (N = 16 pre-test, N = 17 post-test) the findings of this study may be of interest to online nurse educators who are seeking innovative strategies to improve student satisfaction within asynchronous discussion forums. With further research, the use of audio-video discussion responses may provide an alternative to the traditional text-based responses related to communication satisfaction.
Los Pirineos, entre las políticas europeas y las iniciativas locales de cooperación transfronteriza: el caso de la Cerdaña
Authors: Berzi Matteo , Castañer i Vivas Margarita
Published: September 2018

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el papel de la cooperación transfronteriza local en las áreas de fronteras periféricas. Específicamente, nos preguntamos si las sinergias entre las políticas comunitarias de cooperación territorial europea (CTE), por un lado, y las iniciativas transfronterizas locales, por otro lado, representan una estrategia territorial de desarrollo endógeno válida en dichas áreas. Los territorios de frontera (borderlands) muy a menudo coinciden con lugares geográficamente remotos (ex. áreas de montaña o zonas rurales o costeras), generalmente lejanos de los principales centros económicos y urbanos de crecimiento. Los Pirineos constituyen, en este sentido, un área de estudio privilegiada. Desde finales de los ochenta, en este espacio transfronterizo se han generado muchos proyectos transfronterizos y cuenta, a la vez, con diferentes organismos de cooperación regional y local. El análisis del caso de estudio de la Cerdaña proporciona los datos empíricos que fundamentan la hipótesis que la cooperación transfronteriza local contribuye a la integración de los territorios fronterizos periféricos. El estudio demuestra como las relaciones históricas de vecindad, la fuerte identidad local y el hecho de compartir necesidades comunes, son factores fundamentales para el desarrollo de una cooperación transfronteriza local exitosa, estable, multitemática y de largo plazo.
Influence of Knitting Process Parameters on the Thermal Comfort Properties of Eri Silk Knitted Fabrics
Authors: Senthil Kumar Balakrshnan , Ramachandran Thangavelu
Published: September 2018

Eri silk, a wild silk variety available in the northeastern states of India, has better softness, tensile and thermal properties. The present study aimed to develop different knitted structures and investigate the influence of knitting process variables on the thermal comfort and wicking properties. Knitted single jersey and single pique fabric structures were produced with two sets of yarns – 25 tex and 14.32 tex with three levels of loop length. Thermal properties of the fabric were analysed using an Alambeta instrument, and the wicking ability was measured with an vertical wicking tester. Thermal comfort properties of eri silk were also compared with those of conventional mulberry silk, with the experiment result revealing that eri silk has better comfort values. A statistically significant correlation is found between knitting process parameters viz. the yarn count, loop length knitting structure and the thermal and wickability values of the fabrics.
Impact of Sustained Viral Response in the Evolution of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy: a Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Hernández-Conde Marta , Fernández-Carrillo Carlos , Llop Elba , Perelló Christie , López-Gómez Marta , Martínez-Porras José L. , Fernández-Puga Natalia , Calleja José L.
Published: September 2018

Introduction and aims. To determine the prevalence of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) in patients with liver cirrosis (LC) due to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and to evaluate the impact of sustained viral response (SVR) on MHE. Material and methods. We performed a prospective study using MHE screening and follow-up on patients with HCV and LC. The patients were evaluated at the beginning of treatment and 24 weeks after treatment. Results. 64 patients were included. 51.6% were male, the median age was 62years, Child-Pugh classification A/B/C 93.8%/4.7%/1.6% and median MELD was 8.3. Prior hydropic decompensation was present in 11 patients. Median values of liver stiffness, as measured by transient elastography (TE) were 22.8 KPa. Indirect signs of portal hypertension (PH) were present in 53.1% of patients, with a mean of 11.9 mmHg among the ones with a measurement of the hepatic venous pressure gradient. The prevalence of MHE before treatment was 26.6%. After treatment, 98.4% of patients achieved SVR. The presence of MHE at 24weeks post-treatment had an statistically significant association with the presence of pre-treatment MHE (80% vs. 21.6%; p < 0.01), higher MELD scores at 24-weeks post-treatment (9.8 vs. 8; p = 0.02), higher Child-Pugh scores at 24-weeks post-treatment (p = 0.04), higher baseline INR levels (1.4 vs. 1.1; p < 0.001) and with the presence of indirect signs of PH (100% vs. 47.1%; p = 0.02). During follow-up, those patients without MHE at 24weeks post-treatment had a higher probability of experiencing an improvement in post-treatment TE (80.9% vs. 40%, p = 0.04). Conclusion. We found that SVR may lead to MHE resolution in a considerable proportion of patients, which has potential implications for disease prognosis.
Experience with Sorafenib in 3 Hospitals in Sao Paulo
Authors: Camargo-Pinheiro-Alves Rogério , Viera-Alves Daniele E. , Malzyner Arthur , Gampel Otavio , de F. Almeida-Costa Thaisa , Guz Betty , Poletti Paula
Published: September 2018

Introduction and aim. Sorafenib has been the standard of care for first-line treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, a complex disease that affects an extremely heterogenous population. Thereby requiring multidisciplinary individualized treatment strategies that match the disease characteristics and the patients’ specific needs. Material and methods. Data for 175 patients who received sorafenib for hepatocellular carcinoma in three different hospitals in Sao Paulo, Brazil over a span of nine years were retrospectively analyzed. Results. The median age was 62 years. Percentages of patients with Child-Pugh A, B and C liver cirrhosis were 61%, 31% and 5%, respectively. Approximately half of the patients had Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B disease, and the other half had stage C. The median treatment duration was 253 days. Sorafenib dose was reduced to 400 mg/day in 41% of the patients due to toxicity. Overall objective response rate as per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors and its modified version was 39%. Patients who received transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) at any point during sorafenib therapy were significantly more likely to experience an objective response. After a median follow-up of 339 days, the median overall survival was 380 days. Child-Pugh cirrhosis, tumor response and concomitant chemoembolization were independent prognostic factors for overall survival in multivariate analysis. Conclusion. Our results suggest that, in experienced hands, sorafenib therapy may benefit carefully selected hepatocellular carcinoma patients for whom other therapies are initially contraindicated, including those patients with Child-Pugh B liver function and those patients who are subsequently treated with concomitant TACE.
Carta de Cali, Colombia 2018
Authors: Anderson Maria Inez Padula , Fábrega Ricardo , Castillo Liliana Arias , Hernandéz Jaime Matute , Howe Amanda , Díaz Temistocles , Delgado Héctor Corratge , González Guillermo José González , Fraifer Sandra , Wasilckuk María Teresa Barán
Published: September 2018

Durante los días 13 y 14 marzo de 2018 en Cal, Colombia  se realizó la VII CUMBRE IBEROAMERICANA DE MEDICINA FAMILIAR con el tema: “CUARENTA AÑOS DE ALMA ATA: MEDICINA FAMILIAR Y SALUD DE LA FAMILIA, UN CAMINO PARA LA PAZ”.
Quantitative Detection of Beef Contamination in Cooked Meat Products by ELISA
Authors: Thienes Cortlandt P , Masiri Jongkit , Benoit Lora A , Barrios-Lopez Brianda , Samuel Santosh A , Krebs Richard A , Cox David P , Dobritsa Anatoly P , Nadala Cesar , Samadpour Mansour
Published: September 2018

Background: Concerns about the contamination of meat products with undeclared meats, and new regulations for the declaration of meat adulterants have established the need for a rapid test to detect beef adulteration to 0.1% sensitivity. Objective: To address this need, Microbiologique, Inc. has developed an ELISA that can quantify the presence of beef down to 0.1% (w/w) in cooked pork, horse, chicken, goat, and sheep meat. Results: The beef-authentication ELISA has an analytical sensitivity of 0.00022 and 0.00012% (w/v) for cooked and autoclaved beef, respectively, and an analytical range of quantitation of 0.025 to 2% (w/v), in the absence of other meats. Moreover, the assay is specific for cooked beef and does not cross react with common food matrixes. Conclusions: The assay is rapid, can be completed in 70 min, and can detect a 0.1% level of meat adulteration. The assay is an improvement over a previous U.S. Department of Agriculture’s tested assay, which is sensitive to 1% adulteration and takes 2.5–3 h to complete. Highlights: The Microbiologique Cooked Beef ELISA can quantitate cooked beef in the presence of pork, horse, chicken, goat, and sheep meat to 0.1% (w/w) and is not affected by common food matrixes.
O DOMÍNIO LINGUÍSTICO DE DOCENTES NA PRÁTICA DE ENSINO
Authors: do Amaral Rogério , Roberta Rodrigues Pinto Kátia
Published: September 2018

This article has the objective to present through a quantitative research the analysis and pratice of teachers
education methods by the oral and writing pratice in a goverment school located in Mirandopolis city, Sao
Paulo, Brazil, observing the linguist knowledgement applied in classroom as a student’s teaching and
learning moderator instrument. From the point that Modern Languages gratuated teachers are able to
teach in Portuguese language and they already have knowledge of the rules which correspond to the
cultured norms, the linguistics and and language variations; it is necessary to point and investigate how
teachers from another subjects used to act by using and dominating the Portuguese language as an easy
way to understand the elaborated contents. The metodology applied in this article is based on the field and
physical place studies, bibliography reaseach, photography records, interviews with a questionary involving
eleven people directly such as a pedagogical coordinator, four teachers and six students and also involving
indirectly regular students from high school where the field study has been developed. The obtained and
confirmed results are explained along this article and they clearly express the relation between students
and teachers about the interest and absortion of the contents that are proposed in classroom. It concluded
that it is extremely necessary to know how to comunicate and to be understanding when it is talking about
teaching pratice and applied didactic. These habilities will only happen by the previous knowledge and the
Portuguese language domain.
TRABALHO DOCENTE NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: UMA ANÁLISE DE PESQUISAS ACADÊMICAS NO PERÍODO
DE 2000 A 2016
Authors: Patrícia Lima Figueira Evanileide , Portela Rinaldi Renata
Published: September 2018

Teaching work in Early Childhood Education is a fragile field in academic research, despite advances in the
last decades, being organized and functioning in ways that contribute to its precariousness: many
professionals who work with children lack the necessary knowledge, the area is undervalued, etc. In this
context, this research aims to understand what academic research produced between 2000 and 2016
reveals on this subject. This theoretical research is linked to a broader research and focused on a
qualitative approach to bibliographic research using the Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações Database
(BDTD). At first, 216 works were selected. After individual analysis, only 16 were found to be related to
Early Childhood Education. Results show the complexity of teaching work and make clear the need to
broaden research on this subject in this stage of learning.
Dessine-moi une ville sans voiture : les aspirations en matière de mode de vie et de mobilité en Île-de-France
Authors: Berroir Sandrine , Commenges Hadrien , Debrie Jean , Maulat Juliette , Bordedebat Colette , Blandeau Guillaume , Briend Esther , Lanon Justine
Published: September 2018

Dans un contexte de remise en cause de la place de l’automobile dans les mobilités urbaines, cet article rend compte des premiers résultats d’une recherche prospective visant à scénariser les conditions d’une Île-de-France Post-Car. À partir d’une entrée quantitative et qualitative des pratiques et aspirations en matière de mobilité et de modes de vie, l’article souligne la pluralité des pratiques de mobilité des Franciliens et de leurs idéaux, mais également des aspirations partagées à une amélioration des conditions de mobilité, de proximité et de ralentissement en contrepoint d’une hypermobilité urbaine. L’entrée par les aspirations permet alors de tracer un scénario partiel, mais partagé de réduction de la mobilité automobile en Île-de-France qui compose avec la diversité des idéaux, les contraintes territoriales et le schéma centre-périphérie des mobilités. Ces résultats contribuent ainsi aux débats sur la place de la voiture en ville et les conditions d’une transition des mobilités, en soulignant l’enjeu d’une différenciation territoriale des politiques de lutte contre la dépendance automobile.
A CT-based survey of supramedullary diverticula in extant birds
Authors: Atterholt Jessie , Wedel Mathew J
Published: September 2018

Birds are unique among extant tetrapods in having pneumatic diverticula of the lungs and air sacs that pass among the viscera and muscles, under the skin, and into the skeleton. In addition, some birds also have supramedullary diverticula inside the neural canal, adjacent to the spinal cord. The anatomy of the supramedullary diverticula has only been documented in a handful of birds to date. Using CT scans, we surveyed the morphology of the supramedullary diverticula in a phylogenetically broad sample of extant birds.

Although supramedullary diverticula are present in some small-bodied taxa such as hummingbirds and pigeons, the diverticula are typically larger and more complex in large forms such as ostriches and pelicans. Absence of these diverticula in loons and grebes is consistent with the lack of skeletal pneumatization in diving birds. Other absences, for example in the kestrel, are less explicable.

When present, the supramedullary diverticula are best developed in presacral vertebrae, but only occasionally present in the synsacrum, and rarely present in caudal vertebrae. In most taxa we have surveyed, the diverticula are not continuous craniocaudally, but exist as separate segments extending fore and aft from each intervertebral joint, as documented by Müller for the pigeon.

Occasionally supramedullary diverticula communicate with interosseous diverticula through foramina in the wall or roof of the neural canal. These foramina are osteological correlates of supramedullary diverticula and allow the presence of these diverticula to be inferred in dry skeletal material and fossil organisms.
Open educational resources for cartography: the Thematic Mapping Tutor
Authors: Köbben Barend
Published: September 2018

At the ITC faculty of the University of Twente, we have been teaching cartography for more then 60 years. Throughout this period, the technology of mapping has undergone spectacular changes and nowadays most students do not draw their maps any more, but use software instead. However, for maps to be effective in communication, their design still has to follow the same rules as before. Ideally, one wants to teach these design rules independently from the tools, such that the students understand how a good map works, not just which buttons to click to create it.

For this purpose, we created the Thematic Mapping Tutor. It is an open, web-based system that provides a structured way of constructing thematic maps out of selected data. The system uses the input of the student to construct a map in the Vega-Lite grammar, which is transformed to web-graphics.

In this paper we describe the educational philosophy behind the system, as well as technical details about its functionality. We report on first tests, and reflect on the possibilities and pitfalls of the system.
Microgeographic variation in body condition of three Mexican garter snakes in central Mexico
Authors: Valencia-Flores Erika , Venegas-Barrera Crystian S , Fajardo Victor , Manjarrez Javier
Published: September 2018

Background. Geographic variation in body size and condition can reveal differential local adaptation to resource availability or climatic factors. Body size and condition are related to fitness in garter snakes (Thamnophis), thus good body condition may increase survival, fecundity in females, and mating success in males. Sympatric species are predicted to exhibit similar body condition when they experience similar environmental conditions. We focused on interspecific and geographical variation in body size and condition in three sympatric Mexican garter snakes from the highlands of Central Mexico. Methods. We assessed SVL, mass, and body condition (obtained from Major axis linear regression of ln-transformed body mass on ln-transformed SVL) in adults and juveniles of both sexes of Thamnophis eques, T. melanogaster, and T. scalaris sampled at different locations and over a 20-year period. Results. We provide a heterogeneous pattern of sexual and ontogenic reproductive status variations of body size and condition among local populations. Each garter snake species shows locations with good and poor body condition; juvenile snakes show similar body condition between populations, adults show varying body condition between populations, and adults also show sexual differences in body condition. We discuss variations in body condition as possibly related to the snakes’ life cycle differences.
g.citation: Scientific citation for individual GRASS GIS software modules
Authors: Löwe Peter , Petras Vaclav , Neteler Markus , Mitasova Helena
Published: September 2018

The authors introduce the GRASS GIS add-on module g.citation. The module extends the existing citation capabilities of GRASS GIS, which until now only provide for automated citation of the software project as a whole, authored by the GRASS Development Team, without reference to individual persons. The functionalities of the new module enable individual code citation for each of the over 500 implemented functionalities, including add-on modules. Three different classes of citation output are provided in a variety human- and machine-readable formats. The implications of this reference implementation of scientific software citation for both for the GRASS GIS project and the OSGeo foundation are outlined.
Serverless OpenHealth at data commons scale - traversing the 20 million patient records of New York's SPARCS dataset in real-time
Authors: Almeida Jonas S , Hajagos Janos , Saltz Joel , Saltz Mary
Published: September 2018

In a previous report, we explored the serverless OpenHealth approach to the Web as a Global Compute space. That approach relies on the modern browser full stack, and, in particular, its configuration for application assembly by code injection. The opportunity, and need, to expand this approach has since increased markedly, reflecting a wider adoption of Open Data policies by Public Health Agencies. Here, we describe how the serverless scaling challenge can be achieved by the isomorphic mapping between the remote data layer API and a local (client-side, in-browser) operator. This solution is validated with an accompanying interactive web application (bit.ly/loadsparcs) capable of real-time traversal of New York’s 20 million patient records of the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS), and is compared with alternative approaches. The results obtained strengthen the argument that the FAIR reproducibility needed for Population Science applications in the age of P4 Medicine is particularly well served by the Web platform.
E-Foto: an educational photogrammetric workstation
Authors: Ribeiro João Araujo , Brito Jorge Silva , Bernardo Orlando , Badolato Irving , Dacome Rodrigo , Mota Guilherme Abelha
Published: September 2018

This paper shows our experience at the Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), in Brazil, developing and using the E-Foto software, one of the main achievements of the E-Foto project that aims to built-up a software tool for teaching digital photogrammetry and software development, to both graduate and undergraduate students, in the fields of Cartographic and Computer Engineering.

E-Foto main objective is to diminish the gap that exists nowadays between the teaching of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing in universities and Research Institutions of developing countries and the high-tech expensive systems that are used under the production environment.
Fostering Open Science at WSL with the EnviDat Environmental Data Portal
Authors: Iosifescu Enescu Ionut , Fraefel Marielle , Plattner Gian-Kasper , Espona-Pernas Lucia , Haas-Artho Dominik , Lehning Michael , Steffen Konrad
Published: September 2018

EnviDat is the institutional research data portal of the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL. The portal is designed to provide solutions for efficient, unified and managed access to the WSL’s comprehensive reservoir of monitoring and research data, in accordance with the WSL data policy. Through EnviDat, WSL is fostering open science, making curated, quality-controlled, publication-ready research data accessible. Data producers can document author contributions for a particular data set through the EnviDat-DataCRediT taxonomy. The publication of research data sets can be complemented with additional digital resources, such as, e.g., supplementary documentation, processing software or detailed descriptions of code (i.e. as Jupyter Notebooks). The EnviDat Team is working towards generic solutions for enhancing open science, in line with WSL’s commitment to accessible research data.
An example of SAR-derived image segmentation for landslides detection
Authors: Esposito Giuseppe , Mondini Alessandro Cesare , Marchesini Ivan , Reichenbach Paola , Salvati Paola , Rossi Mauro
Published: September 2018

A rapid assessment of the areal extent of landslide disasters is one of the main challenges facing by the scientific community. Satellite radar data represent a powerful tool for the rapid detection of landslides over large spatial scales, even in case of persistent cloud cover. To define landslide locations, radar data need to be firstly pre-processed and then elaborated for the extraction of the required information. Segmentation represents one of the most useful procedures for identifying land cover changes induced by landslides. In this study, we present an application of the i.segment module of GRASS GIS software for segmenting radar-derived data. As study area, we selected the Tagari River valley in Papua New Guinea, where massive landslides were triggered by a M7.5 earthquake on February 25, 2018. A comparison with ground truth data revealed a suitable performance of i.segment. Particular segmentation patterns, in fact, resulted in the areas affected by landslides with respect to the external ones, or to the same areas before the earthquake. These patterns highlighted a relevant contrast of radar backscattering values recorded before and after the landslides. With our procedure, we were able to define the extension of the mass movements that occurred in the study area, just three days after the M7.5 earthquake.
Reproducible Research is like riding a bike
Authors: Granell Carlos , Nüst Daniel , Ostermann Frank O , Sileryte Rusne
Published: September 2018

Reproducibility is a fundamental pillar in science but it has recently been described as hard and challenging to achieve, as stated in numerous editorials and papers, some of which alert on a “reproducibility crisis”. In this article we outline 1/ the approach taken to put Reproducible Research (RR) in the agenda of the GIScience community, 2/ first actions and initial lessons learned towards the discussion and adoption of RR principles and practices in the workflows and habits of researchers, and finally, we present 3/ our short-term strategy (two years) and specific actions to achieve the main goal of making RR an integral part of scientific workflows of the GIScience community.
Latent factors and dynamics in motor cortex and their application to brain-machine interfaces
Authors: Pandarinath Chethan , Ames K. Cora , Russo Abigail A , Farshchian Ali , Miller Lee E , Dyer Eva L , Kao Jonathan C
Published: September 2018

In the fifty years since Evarts first recorded single neurons in motor cortex of behaving monkeys, great effort has been devoted to understanding their relation to movement. Yet these single neurons exist within a vast network, the nature of which has been largely inaccessible. With advances in recording technologies, algorithms, and computational power, the ability to study network-level phenomena is increasing exponentially. Recent experimental results suggest that the dynamical properties of these networks are critical to movement planning and execution. Here we discuss this dynamical systems perspective, and how it is reshaping our understanding of the motor cortices. Following an overview of key studies in motor cortex, we discuss techniques to uncover the “latent factors” underlying observed neural population activity. Finally, we discuss efforts to leverage these factors to improve the performance of brain-machine interfaces, promising to make these findings broadly relevant to neuroengineering as well as systems neuroscience.
Development and operation of GIS exercise materials for undergraduate students
Authors: Yamauchi Hiroyuki , Oguchi Takashi , Hayakawa Yuichi S , Seto Toshikazu
Published: September 2018

Since around 2000, GIS researchers in Japan have collaborated to provide materials for GIS lecture classes for university undergraduates. As a result, a GIS core curriculum, a Japanese version of GIS Body of Knowledge (BoK), and a series of PowerPoint presentation files were developed. These materials are online and available to anybody with free of charge. However, they have not yet published free-access online materials for GIS exercises using software and spatial data. Therefore, we launched a new project in 2015 to produce such materials. The learning topics in the materials were selected based on products from the previous projects. Software packages used for GIS operations are free open-source ones. The materials have been provided as open educational resources with a Creative Commons license on the GitHub platform. The materials were used in a university class of GIS exercises to verify whether they are effective for undergraduate students. In this paper, we introduce the developed materials and show the results of their applications.
Foraging dynamics are associated with social status and context in mouse social hierarchies
Authors: Lee Won , Yang Eilene , Curley James P.
Published: September 2018

Living in social hierarchies requires individuals to adapt their behavior and physiology. We have previously shown that male mice living in groups of 12 form linear and stable hierarchies with alpha males producing the highest daily level of major urinary proteins and urine. These findings suggest that maintaining alpha status in a social group requires higher food and water intake to generate energetic resources and produce more urine. To investigate whether social status affects eating and drinking behaviors, we measured the frequency of these behaviors in each individual mouse living in a social hierarchy with non-stop video recording for 24 h following the initiation of group housing and after social ranks were stabilized. We show alpha males eat and drink most frequently among all individuals in the hierarchy and had reduced quiescence of foraging both at the start of social housing and after hierarchies were established. Subdominants displayed a similar pattern of behavior following hierarchy formation relative to subordinates. The association strength of foraging behavior was negatively associated with that of agonistic behavior corrected for gregariousness (HWIG), suggesting animals modify foraging behavior to avoid others they engaged with aggressively. Overall, this study provides evidence that animals with different social status adapt their eating and drinking behaviors according to their physiological needs and current social environment.
Function matters: a review of terminological differences in applied and basic clicker training research
Authors: Dorey Nicole R. , Cox David J.
Published: September 2018

In clicker training, animal trainers pair a small device (a “clicker”) with a reward when teaching or maintaining responding. Animal trainers often assume clicker training is a “science-based” way to train animals. But, the few studies that have compared clicker training to a control have not provided evidence that adding a clicker is beneficial to training. This may be because research on clicker training has studied only one of several potential functions of the clicker stimulus that have been discussed by animal trainers. A systematic approach to researching the function of the clicker in clicker training would benefit from collaboration between applied and basic researchers. However, this will require that terminological differences between animal trainers and basic researchers are reconciled. This paper reviews the few studies that have compared clicker training to a control group and then discusses how trainers and basic researchers use the same terminology in functionally different ways—suggesting the empirical support for mechanisms underlying clicker training is less robust than previously assumed. These differences highlight many opportunities to answer basic and applied research questions relative to clicker training methods. Advancements in clicker training methods will benefit animal trainers who have been using clicker training for decades as well as applied practitioners who have extended clicker training to humans in educational and clinical settings.
“Boom, Headshot!”: Violent first‐person shooter (FPS) video games that reward headshots train individuals to aim for the head when shooting a realistic firearm
Authors: Bushman Brad J.
Published: September 2018

When shooting a gun at a human target, firearms training instructors teach individuals to shoot for the upper torso because it is the largest lethal target on the human body. In contrast, violent first‐person shooter (FPS) video games reward players for headshots. The head is the smallest lethal target, and requires careful aim to hit. In this experiment, participants were randomly assigned to play a violent FPS game with humanoid targets that rewarded headshots, a nonviolent shooting game that punished hits to bull's‐eye targets with faces, or a nonviolent non‐shooting game. After gameplay, participants shot 16 “bullets” from a realistic gun at a life‐sized human‐shaped mannequin. Participants were told to hit the mannequin with as many bullets as possible, but they were not told where to aim. Consistent with operant conditioning theory, participants who played a violent FPS game that rewarded headshots had the most hits to the mannequin's head. Participants whose favorite video games were violent shooting games also had the most hits to the mannequin's head. These findings suggest that FPS games that reward headshots can influence people to aim for the head with a realistic gun after the game is turned off, even though the head is a much smaller target to hit and they are much less likely to hit another body part if they miss. FPS games are often used to train soldiers and police officers, but these findings suggest that such games might train individuals to hit the wrong part of the body.
Implementation and operation of incident learning across a newly‐created health system
Authors: Schubert Leah , Petit Josh , Vinogradskiy Yevgeniy , Peters Rick , Towery Jack , Stump Bryan , Westerly David , Ridings Jane , Kneeland Patrick , Liu Arthur
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this work is to describe our experience launching an expanded incident learning system for patient safety and quality that takes into account aspects beyond therapeutic dose delivery, specifically imaging/simulation incidents, medical care incidents, and operational issues.

Methods

Our ILS was designed for a newly created health system comprised of a midsized academic hospital and two smaller community hospitals. The main design goal was to create a highly sensitive system to capture as much information throughout the department as possible. Reports were classified according to incidents and near misses involving therapeutic radiation, imaging/simulation, and patient care (not involving radiation), unsafe conditions, operational issues, and accolades/suggestions. Reports were analyzed according to impact on various steps in the process of care. Actions made in response to reports were assessed and characterized by intervention reliability.

Results

A total of 1125 reports were submitted in the first 23 months. For all three departments, therapeutic radiation incidents and near misses consisted of less than one‐third of all reports submitted. For the midsized academic department, operational issues and unsafe conditions comprised the largest percentage of reports (70%). Although the majority of reports impacted steps related to the technical aspects of treatment (simulation, planning, and treatment delivery), 20% impacted other steps such as scheduling or clinic visits. More than 160 actions were performed in response to reports. Of these actions, 63 were quality improvement interventions to improve practices, while 97 were learning actions for raising awareness.

Conclusions

We have developed an ILS that identifies issues related to the entire process of care delivery in radiation oncology, as evidenced by frequent and varied reported events. By identifying a broad spectrum of issues in a department, opportunities for improvement can be identified.
A novel KIF5A gene variant causes spastic paraplegia and cerebellar ataxia
Authors: Qiu Yusen , Zhong Shanshan , Cong Lu , Xin Ling , Gao Xuguang , Zhang Jun , Hong Daojun
Published: September 2018

Mutations in the kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A) gene are mainly associated with autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia 10 (SPG10). The additional complicated symptoms of SPG10 commonly include a wide spectrum. However, cerebellar ataxia is only noticed in a very few patients. Herein, we described a large autosomal dominant family, in which the affected individuals presented with progressive spastic paraparesis and marked cerebellar ataxia. Exome sequencing revealed that a novel variant in the KIF5A gene might be responsible for the phenotype. The obvious cerebellar ataxia indicated that the KIF5A gene should be included in the expanding gene list for spasticity‐ataxia spectrum.
Causes and Solutions of Recombination in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Jiangzhao , Park Nam‐Gyu
Published: September 2018

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials are receiving increasing attention and becoming star materials on account of their unique and intriguing optical and electrical properties, such as high molar extinction coefficient, wide absorption spectrum, low excitonic binding energy, ambipolar carrier transport property, long carrier diffusion length, and high defects tolerance. Although a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 22.7% is certified for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), it is still far from the theoretical Shockley–Queisser limit efficiency (30.5%). Obviously, trap‐assisted nonradiative (also called Shockley–Read–Hall, SRH) recombination in perovskite films and interface recombination should be mainly responsible for the above efficiency distance. Here, recent research advancements in suppressing bulk SRH recombination and interface recombination are systematically investigated. For reducing SRH recombination in the films, engineering perovskite composition, additives, dimensionality, grain orientation, nonstoichiometric approach, precursor solution, and post‐treatment are explored. The focus herein is on the recombination at perovskite/electron‐transporting material and perovskite/hole‐transporting material interfaces in normal or inverted PSCs. Strategies for suppressing bulk and interface recombination are described. Additionally, the effect of trap‐assisted nonradiative recombination on hysteresis and stability of PSCs is discussed. Finally, possible solutions and reasonable prospects for suppressing recombination losses are presented.