bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histopathological Alterations in Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) after Exposure to Cordyceps javanica
Authors: Bunsap Peerasak , Senarat Sinlapachai , Niyomdecha Seree , Pornsuriya Chaninun , Kaneko Gen , Thaochan Narit
Published: July 2024

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål, 1854), is a pest of rice plants worldwide. Cordyceps javanica is a destructive entomopathogenic fungus known to attack leafhoppers or BPHs specifically. Live adult BPH samples were inoculated with isolated C. javanica PSUC002, and their interaction was morpho-histologically examined from 0 to 120 h post-inoculation (pi). We observed that the mortality of BPH continuously increased until 120 h pi (Day 5). Tissue alterations in the host were examined after infection using morphological and histological methods, including the Grocott Methenamine Silver stain test (GMS). Filamentous fungi were first found on the external integument at 12 h pi, and fungal conidia attached to the integument at 24 h pi. However, the initial degeneration of BPHs was identified by histology at 6 h pi especially in the integument and adipose tissue. We identified the degeneration and loss of integument and adipose tissue of infected BPHs at 12 h pi, and their necrosis was completed at 96 h pi. The enzymatic index of the sampled fungi (chitinase and protease) peaked at 7 days of incubation. This study demonstrated that C. javanica PSUC002 is useful to control the BPHs as an eco-friendly practice and will possibly be applied in agriculture.
A New Grinding Wheel Design with a 3D Internal Cooling Structure System
Authors: Costa Sharlane , Capela Paulina , Souza Maria S. , Gomes José R. , Carvalho Luís , Pereira Mário , Soares Delfim
Published: July 2024

This work discusses challenges in conventional grinding wheels: heat-induced tool wear and workpiece thermal damage. While textured abrasive wheels improve heat dissipation, the current surface-only methods, such as those based on laser and machining, have high renewal costs. The proposed manufacturing technology introduces an innovative 3D cooling channel structure throughout the wheel, enabling various channel geometries for specific abrasive wheel applications. The production steps were designed to accommodate the conventional pressing and sintering phases. During pressing, a 3D organic structure was included in the green body. A drying cycle eliminated all present fluids, and a sintering one burnt away the structure, revealing channels in the final product. Key parameters, such as binder type/content and heating rate, were optimized for reproducibility and scalability. Wear tests showed a huge efficiency increase (>100%) in performance and durability compared of this system to conventional wheels. Hexagonal channel structures decreased the wear rates by 64%, displaying superior wear resistance. Comprehensive CFD simulations evaluated the coolant flow through the cooling channels. This new design methodology for three-dimensionally structured grinding wheels innovates the operation configuration by delivering the coolant directly where it is needed. It allows for increasing the overall efficiency by optimizing cooling, reducing tool wear, and enhancing manufacturing precision. This 3D channel structure eliminates the need for reconditioning, thus lowering the operation costs.
Efficacy of Liposomal Nystatin in a Rabbit Model of Cryptococcal Meningitis
Authors: Giamberardino Charles D. , Schell Wiley A. , Tenor Jennifer L. , Toffaletti Dena L. , Perfect John R.
Published: July 2024

Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) causes significant global morbidity and mortality. Current therapeutic strategies rely on deoxycholated or liposomal forms of the polyene amphotericin B. Nystatin is also a polyene with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Treatment with systemic nystatin has been limited by toxicity, which is a consistent challenge with polyene therapeutics. One mechanism to improve the toxicity is usage of a liposomal form of the active agent. Previous data from a murine candidemia model indicated that liposomal nystatin may be an effective antifungal drug formulation. Since the rabbit model of CM is a highly predictive preclinical system for evaluating antifungal therapeutics, we tested the effectiveness of two doses of daily liposomal nystatin, 3 and 8 mg/kg in the rabbit model of CM. Treatment with liposomal nystatin in this model did not reduce the fungal burden in the cerebrospinal fluid. A subsequent clinical trial also did not find activity in a human population. These data indicate that liposomal nystatin in the current form and at the tested dosages is not an effective therapy for CM. The data provide further evidence for the predictive power of the rabbit model of CM as a vital preclinical system for testing novel antifungal therapeutics for CM.
Trading Volume Concentration across S&P 500 Index Constituents—A Gini-Based Analysis and Concentration-Driven (Daily Rebalanced) Portfolio Performance Evaluation: Is Chasing Concentration Profitable?
Authors: Metelski Dominik , Sobieraj Janusz
Published: July 2024

The period from January 2020 to December 2022 was marked by a confluence of major events, including the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russia–Ukraine war, the energy crisis, surging inflation, Federal Reserve policy shifts, and banking turmoil, which collectively fueled heightened market volatility, risk management needs, and speculative trading opportunities, leading to volatile swings in trading volume concentration across financial markets, with periods of significant increases followed by rapid declines. This paper examines the variation in the concentration of trading volume across the full spectrum of S&P 500 companies, with a focus on explaining the reasons behind the stochastic changes in trading volume concentration. We analyze different concentration measurement methods, including the power law exponent, the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index, and the Gini-based Trading Concentration Index (TCI). The research employs a novel experimental design, comparing a concentration-driven portfolio, rebalanced daily based on the top 30 stocks by trading volume, against the S&P 500 benchmark. Our findings reveal that the Gini-based TCI fluctuated between 55.98% and 77.35% during the study period, with significant variations coinciding with major market events. The concentration-driven portfolio outperformed the S&P 500, achieving an annualized return of 10.66% compared to 5.89% for the index, with a superior Sharpe ratio of 0.325 versus 0.19. This performance suggests that following trading volume concentration can yield above-average results. However, this study also highlights the importance of understanding and managing the risks associated with concentrated portfolios. This study contributes to the literature on market dynamics and offers practical insights for investors and fund managers on optimizing portfolio strategies in response to evolving concentration patterns in financial markets.
Plural Alternations and Word-Final Consonant Syllabification in Brazilian Veneto
Authors: Guzzo Natália Brambatti
Published: July 2024

In Brazilian Veneto (a heritage variety of Veneto spoken in several areas of Brazil), a stem alternation targets the plurals of masculine nominals ending in a consonant. While nominals with a word-final rhotic or nasal are pluralized by adding the masculine plural suffix /−i/ ([bi't∫̑er]→[bi't∫̑eri] ‘glass’), pluralization in nominals with a final lateral involves deletion of the consonant (e.g., [ni'sol]→[ni'soi] ‘bedsheet’). I argue that these differences stem from word-final laterals having a distinct representation from rhotics and nasals: while the latter are represented as codas, the former are represented as onsets of empty-headed syllables. Based on a corpus analysis, I show that (a) speakers’ productions of these plurals are stable, and (b) other patterns of pluralization (namely, in monosyllables and words with final stress on a CV syllable) are consistent with the proposal. In addition, the behaviour of laterals with respect to resyllabification, metaphony and intervocalic consonant deletion further suggest that laterals are represented as onsets word-finally.
Crown Growth Optimizer: An Efficient Bionic Meta-Heuristic Optimizer and Engineering Applications
Authors: Liu Chenyu , Zhang Dongliang , Li Wankai
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes a new meta-heuristic optimization algorithm, the crown growth optimizer (CGO), inspired by the tree crown growth process. CGO innovatively combines global search and local optimization strategies by simulating the growing, sprouting, and pruning mechanisms in tree crown growth. The pruning mechanism balances the exploration and exploitation of the two stages of growing and sprouting, inspired by Ludvig’s law and the Fibonacci series. We performed a comprehensive performance evaluation of CGO on the standard testbed CEC2017 and the real-world problem set CEC2020-RW and compared it to a variety of mainstream algorithms such as SMA, SKA, DBO, GWO, MVO, HHO, WOA, EWOA, and AVOA. The best result of CGO after Friedman testing was 1.6333/10, and the significance level of all comparison results under Wilcoxon testing was lower than 0.05. The experimental results show that the mean and standard deviation of repeated CGO experiments are better than those of the comparison algorithm. In addition, CGO also achieved excellent results in specific applications of robot path planning and photovoltaic parameter extraction, further verifying its effectiveness and broad application potential in practical engineering problems.
Antidiabetic Potential of Abelmoschus manihot Flower Extract: In Vitro and Intracellular Studies
Authors: Wang Shih-Wei , Lee Thung-Lip , Chang Tzu-Hsien , Chen Ya-Ling , Houng Hsin-Ya , Chang Natasha , Chang Sabrina , Chang Chi-Chang , Houng Jer-Yiing
Published: July 2024

Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic flower (AMf) exhibits both nutritional value and bioactivities such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and hepatoprotective effects. The aim of this investigation was to examine the potential impact of three different solvent extracts of AMf: supercritical CO2 extraction extract, water extract, and ethanol extract (AME), on management of diabetes. All three extracts demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase (IC50 = 157–261 μg/mL) and lipase (IC50 = 401–577 μg/mL) activities while enhancing the α-amylase activity (32.4–41.8 folds at 200 μg/mL). Moreover, all three extracts exhibited notable inhibition of the formation of advanced glycation end-products, including the Amadori products (inhibition rates = 15.7–36.6%) and the dicarbonyl compounds (inhibition rates = 18.6–28.3%). Among the three extracts, AME exhibited the most pronounced inhibitory effect. AME displayed substantial in vitro and intracellular antioxidative activity, and effectively reduced ROS production (135% at 500 μg/mL) in β-cells under hyperglycemic (HG) conditions. AME also enhanced the activity and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, which were markedly decreased in the HG-induced β-cells. Furthermore, AME protected β-cell viability and maintained normal insulin secretion under HG conditions, likely due to its ability to reduce oxidative stress within β-cells. This study demonstrated the potential of AME in preventing and managing diabetes and its associated complications. Further in vivo research is necessary to thoroughly elucidate the preventive effects and their underlying mechanisms.
Comment on Utsumi et al. Differences in Pathophysiology and Treatment Efficacy Based on Heterogeneous Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. Medicina 2024, 60, 510
Authors: Sethuraman Raghuraman M. , Rajarathinam Buddhan , Kurhekar Pranjali
Published: July 2024

We read with great interest the review article on pathophysiology and treatment based on different out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. We wish to present our comments on the threshold values for neuron-specific enolase (NSE) based on the initial rhythm and the misquoting of a few references in that article.
First Evidence of the Possible Influence of Avoiding Daily Liquid Intake from Plastic and Glass Beverage Bottles on Blood Pressure in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Geppner Liesa , Grammatidis Sophie , Wilfing Harald , Henjakovic Maja
Published: July 2024

The global microplastic pollution issue, as a result of the indispensable usage of microplastics in building materials, packaged food, medical products and consumer goods, poses significant health problems for the population. These small particles can penetrate intact cell barriers in the intestines and alveoli, thereby entering the bloodstream. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of reduced plastic consumption on blood pressure. Eight adult and healthy participants abstained from consuming commercially produced bottled beverages and restricted their primary fluid intake to tap water. Blood pressure was measured on both sides before, after 14 days and after 28 to 30 days of this partial plastic diet. Women exhibit a significant change in systolic blood pressure on the right arm after 2 and 4 weeks, while the left arm demonstrates no significant changes in blood pressure. On the contrary, in men, systolic blood pressure values on both arms show no significant alterations, attributable to the high variability across the three participants. Moreover, no significant differences in systolic blood pressure were observed when analysing the entire cohort. Significant findings are evident only at the two-week mark for diastolic blood pressure for all participants in both arms. When considering diastolic blood pressure separately for women and men, men again show no significant changes in blood pressure on either arm. However, women exhibit a significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure on the left arm after 2 weeks and a statistically significant decline in diastolic blood pressure on the right arm after both 2 and 4 weeks. The results of the study suggest, for the first time, that a reduction in plastic use could potentially lower blood pressure, probably due to the reduced volume of plastic particles in the bloodstream. To confirm this hypothesis, a larger sample of male and female participants must be examined, ideally with the monitoring of plastic concentration in the blood.
In Search of Phytoremediation Candidates: Eu(III) Bioassociation and Root Exudation in Hydroponically Grown Plants
Authors: Klotzsche Max , Dück Viktor , Drobot Björn , Vogel Manja , Raff Johannes , Stumpf Thorsten , Steudtner Robin
Published: July 2024

Lanthanides and actinides are emerging contaminants, but little is known about their uptake and distribution by plants and their interactions in the rhizosphere. To better understand the fate of these metals in plants, the bioassociation of 2, 20 and 200 µM Eu(III) by five hydroponically grown crops endemic to Europe was assessed. The metal’s concentration and its speciation were monitored by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and laser spectroscopy, whereas root exudation was investigated by chromatographic methods. It has been shown, that Eu(III) bioassociation is a two-stage process, involving rapid biosorption followed by accumulation in root tissue and distribution to the stem and leaves. Within 96 h of exposure time, the plant induces a change of Eu(III) speciation in the liquid medium, from a predominant Eu(III)aquo species, as calculated by thermodynamic modelling, to a species with longer luminescence lifetime. Root exudates such as citric, malic, and fumaric acid were identified in the cultivation medium and affect Eu(III) speciation in solution, as was shown by a change in the thermodynamic model. These results contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the fate of lanthanides in the biosphere and provide a basis for further investigations with the chemical analogues Cm(III) and Am(III).
Platinum Group Minerals Associated with Nickel-Bearing Sulfides from the Jatobá Iron Oxide-Copper-Gold Deposit, Carajás Domain, Brazil
Authors: Campo Rodriguez Yuri Tatiana , Cook Nigel J. , Ciobanu Cristiana L. , Schutesky Maria Emilia , King Samuel A. , Gilbert Sarah , Ehrig Kathy
Published: July 2024

An enrichment in nickel (Ni) or platinum group elements (PGE) is seldom observed in ores of the iron oxide–copper–gold (IOCG) type. This phenomenon is, however, known from a few deposits and prospects in the Carajás Mineral Province, Brazil. The Ni-PGE enrichment is explained, in part, by the spatial association of the IOCG-type ores with altered mafic-ultramafic lithologies, as well as by reworking and remobilization of pre-existing Ni and PGE during multiple mineralization and tectonothermal events across the Archean-Proterozoic. One such example of this mineralization is the Jatobá deposit in the southern copper belt of the Carajás Domain. This is the first detailed study of the Ni and PGE mineralization at Jatobá, with implications for understanding ore genesis. Petrographic and compositional study of sulfides shows that pyrite is the main Ni carrier, followed by pyrrhotite and exsolved pentlandite. Measurable concentrations of palladium (Pd) and platinum (Pt), albeit never more than a few ppm, are noted in pyrite. More importantly, however, the trace mineral signature of the Jatobá deposit features several platinum group minerals (PGM), including merenskyite, naldrettite, sudburyite, kotulskite, sperrylite, and borovskite. These PGM occur as sub-10 µm-sized grains that are largely restricted to fractures and grain boundaries in pyrite. All Pd minerals reported contain mobile elements such as Te, Bi, and Sb and are associated with rare earth- and U-minerals. This conspicuous mineralogy, differences in sulfide chemistry between the magnetite-hosted ore and stringer mineralization without magnetite, and microstructural control point to a genetic model for the sulfide mineralization at Jatobá and its relative enrichment in Ni and PGE. Observations support two alternative scenarios for ore genesis. In the first, an initial precipitation of disseminated or semi-massive Ni-PGE-bearing sulfides took place within the mafic rock pile, possibly in a VHMS-like setting. Later partial dissolution and remobilization of this pre-existing mineralization by mineralizing fluids of IOCG-type, possibly during the retrograde stage of a syn-deformational metamorphic event, led to their re-concentration within magnetite along structural conduits. The superposition of IOCG-style mineralization onto a pre-existing assemblage resulted in the observed replacement and overprinting in which PGE combined with components of the IOCG fluids like Sb, Bi, and Te. An alternative model involves leaching, by the IOCG-type fluids, of Ni and PGE from komatiites within the sequence or from ultramafic rocks in the basement. The discovery of PGM in Jatobá emphasizes the potential for additional discoveries of Ni-PGE-enriched ores elsewhere in the Carajás Domain and in analogous settings elsewhere.
Antimicrobial Plants Used by Fang Populations and Phytochemical Profiling of Erismadelphus exsul
Authors: Mintsa Morel Essono , Obiang Cédric Sima , Choque Elodie , Dussert Elodie , Ravallec Rozenn , Ondo Joseph-Privat , Belloncle Christophe , Kumulungui Brice Serge , Mesnard François
Published: July 2024

Gabon has a rich flora, many species of which are used in traditional medicine. However, little research has been carried out on this wealth. An ethnopharmacological survey in the Fang language was carried out among traditional practitioners to collect antimicrobial medicinal plants. Phytochemical profiling of ethanolic and methanolic extracts from Erismadelphus exsul Mildbr leaves was carried out using HPLC-ESI-Q/TOF and a molecular network approach. Antibacterial activity was assessed with disk diffusion and microdilution methods, antioxidant activity via DPPH and FRAP methods, and in vitro cell viability via Cell Counting Kit-8. A total of 21 medicinal plants were collected, grouped into 10 families, of which the Fabaceae is the most represented. Erismadelphus exsul was chosen for chemical and biological studies due to its citation frequency (RCF = 0.59) and the absence of previous phytochemical studies. These studies revealed 4 major families of natural compounds and annotated 19 compounds for the first time. The crude leaf extract showed significant antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Cytotoxicity studies showed that the leaves were not cytotoxic, unlike the bark. This study underlines the importance of preserving the ancestral knowledge of the Fang populations, while showing promising results for Erismadelphus exsul.
Pallado-Catalyzed Cascade Synthesis of 2-Alkoxyquinolines from 1,3-Butadiynamides
Authors: Lenko Illia , Mamontov Alexander , Alayrac Carole , Witulski Bernhard
Published: July 2024

A novel synthesis strategy to access 2-alkoxyquinoline derivatives via a palladium-driven cascade reaction is disclosed. Unlike classic methods based on the alkylation of 2-quinolones with alkyl halides, the present method benefits from the de novo assembly of the quinoline core starting from 1,3-butadiynamides. Palladium-catalyzed reaction cascades with N-(2-iodophenyl)-N-tosyl-1,3-butadiynamides and primary alcohols as external nucleophiles proceed under mild reaction conditions and selectively deliver a variety of differently functionalized 4-alkenyl 2-alkoxyquinolines in a single batch transformation.
Chinese Artichoke (Stachys affinis Bunge): The Nutritional Profile, Bioactive Profile and Food Applications—A Review
Authors: Wiśniewski Rafał , Harasym Joanna
Published: July 2024

Stachys affinis Bunge, known as Chinese artichoke, is a perennial plant originating from China, which has uprising scientific interest due to its complex and beneficial content. Chinese artichoke is rich in bioactive compounds useful for human health, including antioxidants, polyphenols, and prebiotics, and its edible tubers are high in essential nutrients and dietary fiber. Studies show its potential as a functional food ingredient in various products like rice bars, bread, and chocolate, enhancing their nutritional and sensory properties. Additionally, Chinese artichoke exhibits significant anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and antibacterial activities, warranting further research and utilization in the food industry. This review aims to summarize the existing knowledge of the S. affinis Bunge plant, focusing on its health-promoting aspects.
Studies of the Morphology of Hematite Synthesized from Waste Iron Sulfate
Authors: Splinter Kamila , Möckel Robert , Hlawacek Gregor , Lendzion-Bieluń Zofia
Published: July 2024

Microwave-based reactions have gained traction in recent years due to their ability to enhance reaction rates and yield while reducing energy consumption. Also, according to the conception of ‘waste to materials’, various waste feeds are intensively sought to be tested. The experimental setup of this study involved varying pH levels, oxidation agents, and precipitation agents to optimize the synthesis process of iron red based on waste iron sulfate. The selection of oxidation and precipitation agents was found to significantly influence the pigment synthesis process. Various oxidizing agents, including hydrogen peroxide and atmospheric air, were evaluated for their effectiveness in promoting the oxidation of ferrous ions to ferric ions, essential for pigment formation. Additionally, different precipitation agents such as sodium hydroxide and ammonia solution were assessed for their ability to precipitate iron hydroxides and facilitate pigment particle formation. The characterization of synthesized pigments revealed promising results in terms of quality and color properties. Helium Ion Microscopy (HIM) analysis confirmed the formation of well-defined pigment particles with controlled morphology. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies provided insights into the crystalline structure of the pigments, indicating the presence of characteristic iron oxide phases. By improving this technology, waste iron sulfate can be efficiently transformed into valuable iron pigments, offering a sustainable solution for waste management while meeting the growing demand for high-quality pigments.
Ultrasonication-Assisted Green Synthesis and Physicochemical and Cytotoxic Activity Characterization of Protein-Based Nanoparticles from Moringa oleifera Seeds
Authors: Nafeh Amany Abd El-Shafy Abd El-Kader , Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Abd El-Aleem , Foda Mohamed Frahat
Published: July 2024

Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) is globally recognized for its medicinal properties and offers high-quality, protein-rich seeds. This study aimed to explore the potential of M. oleifera seeds as a significant source of protein-based nanoparticles (PBNPs) using the ultrasonication technique after desolvation and to evaluate their cytotoxicity in the human leukemia cell line (THP-1) for the first time. The properties of the PBNPs were confirmed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The extracted protein from moringa seed cake flour had a significant protein content of 54.20%, and the resulting PBNPs had an average size of 134.3 ± 0.47 nm with a robust zeta potential of −43.15 mV. Notably, our study revealed that PBNPs exhibited cytotoxic potential at high concentrations, especially against the THP-1 human leukemia cell line, which is widely used to study immunomodulatory properties. The inhibitory effect of PBNPs was quantitatively evidenced by a cytotoxicity assay, which showed that a concentration of 206.5 μg mL−1 (log conc. 2.315) was required to inhibit 50% of biological activity. In conclusion, our findings highlight the potential of M. oleifera seeds as a valuable resource in the innovative field of eco-friendly PBNPs by combining traditional medicinal applications with contemporary advancements in protein nanotechnology. However, further studies are required to ensure their biocompatibility.
Towards Non-Destructive Quality Testing of Complex Biomedical Devices—A Generalized Closed-Loop System Approach Utilizing Real-Time In-Line Process Analytical Technology
Authors: Guha Bikash , Moore Sean , Huyghe Jacques
Published: July 2024

This study addresses the critical issue of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) as the leading cause of death globally, emphasizing the importance of stent delivery catheter manufacturing. Traditional manufacturing processes, reliant on destructive end-of-batch sampling, present significant financial and quality challenges. This research addresses this challenge by proposing a novel approach: a closed-loop cyber-physical production system (CPPS) employing non-destructive process analytical technology (PAT). Through a mixed-method approach combining a comprehensive literature review and the development of a CPPS prototype, the study demonstrates the potential for real-time quality control, reduced production costs, and increased manufacturing efficiency. Initial findings showcase the system’s effectiveness in streamlining production, enhancing stability, and minimizing defects, translating to substantial financial savings and improved product quality. This work extends the author’s previous research by comparing the validated system’s performance to that of pre-implementation manual workflows and inspections, highlighting tangible and intangible improvements brought by the new system. This paves the way for advanced control strategies to revolutionize medical device manufacturing. Furthermore, the study proposes a generalized CPPS framework applicable across diverse regulated environments, ensuring optimal processing conditions and adherence to stringent regulatory standards. The research concludes with the successful demonstration of innovative approaches and technologies, leading to improved product quality, patient safety, and operational efficiency in the medical device industry.
Comment on Matsuo et al. Impact of Olfactory Change on Postoperative Body Weight Loss in Patients with Gastric Cancer after Gastrectomy. Nutrients 2024, 16, 851
Authors: Lee Sang Yeoup
Published: July 2024

I read with interest the paper by Matsuo et al [...]
Gluten-Free Diet Adherence Tools for Individuals with Celiac Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Tools Compared to Laboratory Tests
Authors: Ribeiro Camila dos Santos , Uenishi Rosa Harumi , Domingues Alessandra dos Santos , Nakano Eduardo Yoshio , Botelho Raquel Braz Assunção , Raposo António , Zandonadi Renata Puppin
Published: July 2024

This systematic review aimed to find the tool that best predicts celiac individuals’ adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). The Transparent Reporting of Multivariable Prediction Models for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD-SRMA) guideline was used for the construction and collection of data from eight scientific databases (PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science, LIVIVO, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and Proquest) on 16 November 2023. The inclusion criteria were studies involving individuals with celiac disease (CD) who were over 18 years old and on a GFD for at least six months, using a questionnaire to predict adherence to a GFD, and comparing it with laboratory tests (serological tests, gluten immunogenic peptide—GIP, or biopsy). Review articles, book chapters, and studies without sufficient data were excluded. The Checklist for Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modeling Studies (CHARMS) was used for data collection from the selected primary studies, and their risk of bias and quality was assessed using the Prediction Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST). The association between the GFD adherence determined by the tool and laboratory test was assessed using the phi contingency coefficient. The studies included in this review used four different tools to evaluate GFD adherence: BIAGI score, Coeliac Dietary Adherence Test (CDAT), self-report questions, and interviews. The comparison method most often used was biopsy (n = 19; 59.3%), followed by serology (n = 14; 43.7%) and gluten immunogenic peptides (GIPs) (n = 4; 12.5%). There were no significant differences between the interview, self-report, and BIAGI tools used to evaluate GFD adherence. These tools were better associated with GFD adherence than the CDAT. Considering their cost, application time, and prediction capacity, the self-report and BIAGI were the preferred tools for evaluating GFD adherence.
Japanese Diet Indices and Nutrient Density in US Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis with NHANES Data
Authors: Aono Marin , Ushio Serika , Araki Yuno , Ueno Ririko , Iwano Suzuna , Takaoka Aru , Tomata Yasutake
Published: July 2024

Background: Previous studies have shown that Japanese dietary patterns are associated with high nutrient density. However, these studies were limited to the Japanese population. We examined this association in the US population. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2018. We included 3138 people aged 20–79 years. Food and nutrient intake data were based on the 24 h recall method. Three Japanese diet indices were used: (1) Japanese Diet Index (JDI, based on 9 food items), (2) modified JDI (mJDI, based on 12 food items), and (3) weighted JDI (wJDI, selected and weighted from mJDI food items). The nutrient density (ND) score was calculated based on the Nutrient-Rich Food Index 9.3. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were calculated. Results: The correlation coefficients with the ND score were 0.24 (p < 0.001) for the JDI and 0.38 (p < 0.001) for the mJDI. The correlation coefficient between the wJDI and ND score was 0.48 (p < 0.001). The three Japanese diet indices were correlated with the ND score in all racial groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Even among the US population, higher degrees of Japanese diet defined by the JDI or mJDI were associated with higher nutrient density.
Pain Relief, Functional Recovery, and Chondroprotective Effects of Angelica gigas Nakai in Osteoarthritis Due to Its Anti-Inflammatory Property: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study
Authors: Jo Hee-Geun , Baek Chae Yun , Hwang Yeseul , Baek Eunhye , Song Ho Sueb , Lee Donghun
Published: July 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA), characterized by chronic pain and joint degradation, is a progressive joint disease primarily induced by age-related systemic inflammation. Angelica gigas Nakai (AG), a medicinal plant widely used in East Asia, exhibits promising results for such conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of AG as a drug candidate for modulating the multifaceted pathology of OA based on its anti-inflammatory properties. We evaluated the efficacy of AG in pain relief, functional improvement, and cartilage erosion delay using monosodium iodoacetate-induced OA rats and acetic acid-induced writhing mice, along with its anti-inflammatory effects on multiple targets in the serum and cartilage of in vivo models and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In vivo experiments demonstrated significant analgesic and chondroprotective effects of AG, along with functional recovery, in model animals compared with the active controls. AG dose-dependently modulated inflammatory OA pathology-related targets, including interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, matrix metalloproteinase-13, and cyclooxygenase-2, both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, AG could be a potential drug candidate for modulating the multifaceted pathology of OA. Nevertheless, further comprehensive investigations, involving a broader range of compounds, pathologies, and mechanisms, are warranted to validate these findings.
Apremilast as a Potential Targeted Therapy for Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Psoriasis: An Observational Analysis
Authors: Campione Elena , Zarabian Nikkia , Cosio Terenzio , Borselli Cristiana , Artosi Fabio , Cont Riccardo , Sorge Roberto , Shumak Ruslana Gaeta , Costanza Gaetana , Rivieccio Antonia , Gaziano Roberta , Bianchi Luca
Published: July 2024

Psoriasis (PsO) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis that often presents with erythematous, sharply demarcated lesions. Although psoriasis is primarily a dermatological disease, its immune-mediated pathogenesis produces systemic effects and is closely associated with various comorbid conditions such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and diabetes mellitus type II (DMII). Apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE-4) inhibitor, has shown promise in treating moderate-to-severe psoriasis and is associated with potential cardiometabolic benefits. In a 12-month prospective observational study involving 137 patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis, we assessed changes in psoriasis clinimetric scores and metabolic profiles from baseline (T0) to 52 weeks (T1) to evaluate the efficacy of apremilast. After 52 weeks of apremilast treatment, we documented a statistically significant decrease in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose levels. Our findings even suggest a potential synergistic effect among patients treated with apremilast, alongside concomitant statin and/or insulin therapy. Although the results of our study must be validated on a larger scale, the use of apremilast in the treatment of psoriatic patients with cardio-metabolic comorbidities yields promising results.
Edaravone for the Treatment of Motor Neurone Disease: A Critical Review of Approved and Alternative Formulations against a Proposed Quality Target Product Profile
Authors: O’Neill Riuna , Yoo Okhee , Burcham Philip , Lim Lee Yong
Published: July 2024

Edaravone is one of two main drugs for treating motor neurone disease (MND). This review proposes a specific quality target product profile (QTPP) for edaravone following an appraisal of the issues accounting for the poor clinical uptake of the approved IV and oral liquid edaravone formulations. This is followed by a review of the alternative oral formulations of edaravone described in the published patent and journal literature against the QTPP. A total of 14 texts published by six research groups on 18 novel oral formulations of edaravone for the treatment of MND have been reviewed. The alternative oral formulations included liquid and solid formulations developed with cyclodextrins, lipids, surfactants, co-surfactants, alkalising agents, tablet excipients, and co-solvents. Most were intended to deliver edaravone for drug absorption in the lower gastrointestinal tract (GIT); however, there were also four formulations targeting the oral mucosal absorption of edaravone to avoid first-pass metabolism. All the novel formulations improved the aqueous solubility, stability, and oral bioavailability (BA) of edaravone compared to an aqueous suspension of edaravone. A common limitation of the published formulations is the lack of MND-patient-centred data. Except for TW001, no other formulations have been trialled in MND patients. To meet the QTPP of an oral edaravone formulation for MND patients, it is recommended that a tablet of appropriate size and with acceptable taste and stability be designed for the effective sublingual or buccal absorption of edaravone. This tablet should be designed with input from the MND community.
Mesoporous Silica-Based Membranes in Transdermal Drug Delivery: The Role of Drug Loss in the Skin
Authors: Baumann Frank , Paul Theresa , Ossmann Susann , Enke Dirk , Aigner Achim
Published: July 2024

Compared to other forms of drug administration, the use of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDSs) offers significant advantages, including uniform drug release profiles that contribute to lower side effects and higher tolerability, avoidance of direct exposure to the gastrointestinal tract, better patient compliance due to their non-invasive means of application and others. Mesoporous silica membranes are of particular interest in this regard, due to their chemical stability and their tunable porous system, with adjustable pore sizes, pore volumes and surface chemistries. While this allows for fine-tuning and, thus, the development of optimized TDDSs with high loading capacities and the desired release profile of a given drug, its systemic availability also relies on skin penetration. In this paper, using a TDDS based on mesoporous silica membranes in Franz cell experiments on porcine skin, we demonstrate surprisingly substantial drug loss during skin penetration. Drug passage through porcine skin was found to be dependent on the age and pre-treatment of the skin. pH and temperature were major determinants of drug recovery rates as well, indicating drug loss in the skin by enzymatic metabolization. Regarding the TDDS, higher loading obtained by SO3H surface modification of the mesoporous silica membranes reduced drug loss. Still, high loss rates in the skin were determined for different drugs, including anastrozole, xylazine and imiquimod. We conclude that, beyond the fine-tuned drug release profiles from the mesoporous silica membrane TDDS, remarkably high drug loss in the skin is a major issue for achieving desired skin penetration and, thus, the systemic availability of drugs. This also poses critical requirements for defining an optimal TDDS based on mesoporous silica membranes.
Scintillation and Luminescent Properties of the (Gd,Y)3Al2Ga3O12:Ce Ceramics Obtained by Compaction of Green Bodies Using Digital Light Processing 3D Printing
Authors: Ermakova Lydia V. , Smyslova Valentina G. , Dubov Valery V. , Karpyuk Petr V. , Sokolov Petr S. , Komendo Ilia Yu. , Bondarau Aliaksei G. , Mechinsky Vitaly A. , Korzhik Mikhail V.
Published: July 2024

Dense and transparent ceramic samples of a (Gd,Y)3Al2Ga3O12:Ce scintillator were obtained by using stereolithography-based Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printing for compacting, subsequent burnout, and pressureless sintering. The effects of stoichiometric deviations and green body compaction methods (uniaxial pressing versus DLP 3D printing) on the optical, luminescent, and scintillation properties of ceramics were analyzed. An excess of Y and Gd in the composition led to an increase in transmittance and to the acceleration of the scintillation kinetics. Moreover, transparent ceramics made of 3D-printed green bodies were found to be superior in light yield to the samples, which were prepared from the same powders and densified by uniaxial pressing.
Flexibility of Poly(alkyl methacrylate)s Characterized by Their Persistence Length Determined through Pyrene Excimer Formation
Authors: Lulic Kristijan , Muller Grégoire , Gutierrez Renzo , Little Hunter , Duhamel Jean
Published: July 2024

A series of poly(alkyl methacrylate)s and poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate)s labeled with 1-pyrenebutanol were referred to as the PyC4-PCnMA samples with n = 1, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 18 and the PyC4-PEGnMA samples with n = 0–5, 9, 16, and 19, respectively. Pyrene excimer formation (PEF) upon the encounter between an excited and a ground-state pyrenyl labels was employed to determine their persistence length (lp) in o-xylene. The fluorescence decays of the PyC4-PCnMA and PyC4-PEGnMA samples were acquired and analyzed with the fluorescence blob model to yield the number (Nblob) of structural units in the volume probed by an excited pyrenyl label. Nblob was found to decrease with an increasing number (NS) of non-hydrogen atoms in the side chain, reaching a plateau for the PyC4-PEGnMA samples with a longer side chain (n = 16 and 19). The Nblob values were used to determine lp. The lp values for the PyC4-PCnMA and PyC4-PEGnMA samples increased linearly with increasing NS2 as predicted theoretically, which agreed with the lp values obtained by viscometry for a series of PCnMA samples. The good agreement between the lp values retrieved by PEF and viscometry served to validate the PEF-based methodology for determining lp for linear polymers.
Design and Computational Validation of γ-Ray Shielding Effectiveness in Heavy Metal/Rare Earth Oxide–Natural Rubber Composites
Authors: Liu Yongkang , Li Xiaopeng , Yin Yilin , Li Zhen , Yao Huisheng , Li Zenghe , Li Heguo
Published: July 2024

This study involved the preparation of natural rubber-based composites incorporating varying proportions of heavy metals and rare earth oxides (Sm2O3, Ta2O5, and Bi2O3). The investigation analyzed several parameters of the samples, including mass attenuation coefficients (general, photoelectric absorption, and scattering), linear attenuation coefficients (μ), half-value layers (HVLs), tenth-value layers (TVLs), mean free paths (MFPs), and radiation protection efficiencies (RPEs), utilizing the Monte Carlo simulation software Geant4 and the WinXCom database across a gamma-ray energy spectrum of 40–150 keV. The study also compared the computational discrepancies among these measurements. Compared to rubber composites doped with single-component fillers, multi-component mixed shielding materials significantly mitigate the shielding deficiencies observed with single-component materials, thereby broadening the γ-ray energy spectrum for which the composites provide effective shielding. Subsequently, the simulation outcomes were juxtaposed with experimental data derived from a 133Ba (80 keV) γ-source. The findings reveal that the simulated results align closely with the experimental observations. When compared to the WinXCom database, the Geant4 software demonstrates superior accuracy in deriving radiation shielding parameters and notably enhances experimental efficiency.
Long-Term Results of Third Generation of Rotating Hinge Arthroplasty in Patients with Poliomyelitis
Authors: Tigani Domenico , Ferranti Calderoni Enrico , Berti Matteo , Comitini Saverio , Amendola Luca , Pipino Gennaro , Melucci Giuseppe
Published: July 2024

Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for poliomyelitis patients is controversial due to its higher complication rate compared with that of TKA for osteoarthritis. In this study we evaluated the results, at a minimum of 10 years, of a consecutive series of third-generation rotating hinge total knee arthroplasties (RHKs) in patients affected by poliomyelitis. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 14 patients (15 TKA) performed between January 2000 and October 2021 that underwent a third-generation rotating hinge arthroplasty (Nex Gen RHK Zimmer). The clinical results using the American Knee Society Score (AKSS) were evaluated at an average follow-up of 154 months (min 120–max 216 months). Result: Of the 15 cases, 2 were lost at follow-up and 1 was excluded by the final evaluation due to infection. Of the remaining 12 cases at the final follow-up, the average AKKS clinical score improved from 30.08 points preoperatively, to 78.83 points postoperatively, while the average AKKS function score improved from 29.17 points to 56.25 points. We report only one intraoperative complication consisting of a femoral fracture at the tip of the stem, and a case of patellar fracture occurred 3 months after the index procedure. The presence of radiolucent lines was sporadic, while radiosclerotic lines were commonly visible around the stem extension, predominantly at the tip. Conclusions: The third generation of rotating hinge knee replacement has proved to be effective in polio patients, improving clinical and functional scores, and no cases of mechanical failure occurred.
“I Did Not Come to China for That!”: Intersections of Mission Work, Marriage, and Motherhood for Southern Baptist Women in China at the Turn of the 20th Century
Authors: Scales T. Laine
Published: July 2024

The private writings of two Southern Baptist women missionaries in China are analyzed to deepen our understanding of women’s perspectives on their daily lives. After reviewing secondary research on married and single women’s work in China, the author uses primary source examples from family letters and diaries to illustrate differences in responsibilities and opportunities for single and married women, and how motherhood changed their relationship to their work even further. Requirements for “homemaking”, and a “civilizing mission” expected of married women, increased pressure on missionary wives. Single women, arriving in larger numbers in the early 20th century, were able to focus only on the mission work and accomplish more. The success and productivity of single women further marginalized married women, particularly those with children, who could not keep up with their single counterparts in the mission work. By exploring these two exemplars we can draw an even more nuanced picture of the many ways Baptist women missionaries negotiated their callings in light of their family status.
Soul-Life: Richard Jefferies’ Mystical Vision of Nature
Authors: Kelly Jason James
Published: July 2024

This paper examines Richard Jefferies’ contribution to the study of nature mysticism. I argue that the study of nature mysticism can be utilized as a valuable source of insight to cultivate a more ecocentric response to the ecological crisis. Historically, the study of mysticism in the West has been shaped by a monotheistic bias that tends to marginalize the teachings of nature mystics. I seek to redress this lacuna in the field by calling attention to the understudied teachings of the English mystic and author, Richard Jefferies. I claim that Jefferies’ spiritual autobiography, The Story of My Heart ([1883] 2014) presents a compelling vision of nature mysticism that challenges the reader to reflect critically on conventional understandings of God, body, and time/being. Most significantly, I argue that Jefferies’ concept of “soul-life” can be interpreted as an ontological category characterized by an intellectual and moral sensitivity towards the wonders of nature. Jefferies believed that the cultivation of soul-life is transformative and key to unlocking the full potential of our relationship to the earth and each other.