bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ZÁKLADNÍ INFRASTRUKTURA ELEKTRONICKÉHO ZDRAVOTNICTVÍ ČR
Authors: Borej Jiří
Published: February 2020

Základní infrastrukturou elektronizace zdravotnictví je myšlen soubor informačních systémů a datových zdrojů, které posky-tují centrálně sdílené služby garantované státem. Článek se od-kazuje na klíčové procesy ve zdravotnictví, jejichž elektronizace tyto služby vyžaduje a uvádí sadu pravidel, kterými se bude rozvoj centrálně budované infastruktury řídit. Cílem článku je znázornit vzájemnou provázanost infrastrukturních služeb a poukázat na potřebu koordinace při přípravě a tvorbě nových elektronizovaných agend a tomu odpovídajících informačních systémů. Důraz je kladen na využívání informačních zdrojů re-sortu zdravotnictví a datové základny České republiky. Infrastruktura elektronického zdravotnictví je sada kompo-nent, které slouží pacientům a účastníkům v systému zdravot-nictví, aby mohli v elektronickém světě využívat elektronické služby a usnadnili si tak komunikaci při zajišťování jejich běž-ných agend, styku s poskytovateli zdravotních služeb a organi-zacemi spravující jejich zdravotní data. Článek uvádí a akcentuje klíčové komponenty architektury, které jsou základem pro rozvoj elektronizace a vztahuje je prio-ritám stanovených akčním plánem elektronizace.
VYUŽITELNOST A VÝZNAM DAT EXTERNÍHO HODNOCENÍ KVALITY: NÁKLADY PROCESU ŘÍZENÍ KVALITY A SOUVISEJÍCÍ DOPADY DO NÁKLADŮ NÁSLEDNĚ INDIKOVANÉ LÉČBY – REFLEXE LET 2015–2017
Authors: Přádka Miroslav , Benčíková Jana , Hermannová Ludmila , Reimer Michal
Published: February 2020

K nástrojům standardizace procesů lze použít také periodické externí hodnocení kvality, které je zdrojem dat jak o jednot-livých účastnících hodnotícího procesu, tak i zdrojem průře-zových informací o hodnoceném procesu u všech účastníků hodnocení. Příspěvek se zabývá možnostmi využití získaných dat z procesu externího hodnocení kvality stanovení nádoro-vých markerů karcinomů prsu bioptickou laboratoří za uplynulé období let 2015–2017.
KLASIFIKACE HOSPITALIZAČNÍCH PROCEDUR = PŘESNÁ IDENTIFIKACE POSKYTNUTÉ PÉČE
Authors: Rubešová Irena , Vašková Jitka , Vyhnanovská Pavlína , Zvolský Miroslav
Published: February 2020

Klasifikační systémy zdravotních intervencí (výkonů, resp. pro-cedur – všechny tyto termíny jsou zaměnitelné) prošly v posled-ních deseti letech velmi radikální proměnou. Zkušenosti se sys-témy první generace (vzniklými před rokem 2000) vedly k for-mulování principů, na jejichž základě byly vytvořeny klasifikace druhé generace (viz obr. 1). Ukázalo se, že je velmi důležité tyto principy předem dobře promyslet, přesně formulovat a násled-ně důsledně uplatňovat. Výsledným klasifikacím výkonů velmi prospělo, že přijaly řadu principů, které jsou známé a používané v nezdravotnických taxonomických soustavách.
UŽITÍ REFERENČNÍCH MODELŮ VE ZDRAVOTNICKÉ INFORMATICE
Authors: Seidl Libor , Potůček Michal
Published: February 2020

Součástí návrhu informačních systémů je vedle analýzy klinické domény i konstrukce aplikačního datového modelu. Přehledový článek nabízí popis dostupných referenčních modelů EN 13606 a HL7 RIM, jejich rozsah, základní vlastnosti i způsoby užití. Zá-měrem je sjednocení konceptuálního myšlení, usnadnění mo-delování klinické domény a v určitých případech snad realizace aplikačního modelu na základě některého z referenčních mode-lů. Taková aplikace je vždy snáze integrovatelná a propojitelná s ekosystémem zdravotnictví pomocí standardizovaných dato-vých protokolů, které na referenční modely spoléhají. Článek se zamýšlí nad úskalími při použití modelů HL7 FHIR a DASTA jakožto referenčními modely pro aplikační modely. Ve výsled-cích je popsána zkušenost s adaptací HL7 FHIR DSTU 1.0.2 jako aplikačním modelem.
CELOŽIVOTNÍ VZDĚLÁVÁNÍ LÉKAŘSKÉHO KNIHOVNÍKA V ČR
Authors: Bouzková Helena
Published: February 2020

Příspěvek informuje o Koncepci celoživotního vzdělávání (CŽV) knihovníků v České republice. Tato je součástí Koncepce rozvoje knihoven ČR na léta 2017–2020. Koncepce CŽV a její naplňování v praxi s možným zavedením systému akreditovaného celoži-votního vzdělávání profesionálních knihovníků a informačních specialistů a uplatnění dalších nástrojů – Národní soustavy povolání a Národní soustavy kvalifikací, umožní zvyšovat od-bornou úroveň pracovníků lékařských a dalších typů knihoven.
ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM MODELING BASED ON THE BALANCE CONCEPT
Authors: Kofránek Jiří , Ježek Filip
Published: February 2020

Two approaches are applied to the clinical evaluation of acid--base equilibria: one is the traditional “Danish school” approach of Siggaard-Andersen et al., the other is the “modern” approach by Stewart and Fencl. The two theories are interlinked by what is called the balance approach, described in detail in [1]. A simulation model can be applied in order to model various pathogeneses of acid-base disorders and to monitor their mani-festations from both the traditional and the modern acid-base theory aspects.
PREDIKCE BUDOUCÍCH POČTŮ POJIŠTĚNCŮ VZP ČR – DATA, METODIKA A VÝSLEDKY
Authors: Běláček Jaromír
Published: February 2020

Východiska a účely: Cílem příspěvku je představit již aplikova-né metodické koncepty a aktuální výsledky predikce budoucích počtů pojištěnců VZP ČR (podle věku a pohlaví), které by měly být východiskem úvah o budoucí solventnosti a profitabilitě největší zdravotní pojišťovny v ČR i v České republice jako celku.Materiál a metody: V rámci nám dostupných datových zdrojů jsme analyzovali časové řady počtů pojištěnců VZP za roky 2002-2017 v každém kvartální období a datové zdroje možných vysvětlujících proměnných. Vzhledem k majoritním podílům VZP na trhu zdravotního pojištění v ČR (ve většině věkových skupin vyšším než 50%) byly do předpovědních mo-delů zavzaty časové řady počtů obyvatel ČR z demografických projekcí ČSÚ r. 2013. Ty jsme doplnili o extrapolované trendy přeregistrací pojištěnců (odchody a příchody do VZP) v odpo-vídajících věkových strukturách. Budoucí počty pojištěnců byly modelovány s využitím extrapolačních postupů běžných při aplikaci metodiky odvozených demografických projekcí v kom-binaci s adaptivními aditivními regresními modely.Výsledky: V rámci jednotlivých věkových skupin se význam-ně uplatňují obě použité exogenní proměnné, tzn. “strategická” demografická i “operativní” (aktuálně mírně rostoucí) přeregist-rační složka. Takto koncipovanou predikci můžeme považovat za poměrně spolehlivou pro období nejbližších 2-3 let; pro del-ší horizonty se můžeme opírat v podstatě jen o sofistikovanou demografickou složku. Variantní budoucí vývoj přeregistrační složky lze však efektivně modelovat prostřednictvím modelo-vých scénářů v rámci uživatelské excelovské aplikace vytvořené až na regionální úroveň krajů ČR.Závěry: Aktuálně se VZP nachází v období, kdy lze budoucí vývoj predikovat spíše s větším množství nejistoty; je tedy třeba počítat i s tím, že by se výsledky dosažené stávající nebo mírně modifikovanou metodikou měly průběžně aktualizovat po uzá-věrkách stavů pojištěnců za každé čtvrtletí nebo pololetí.
The composition and safety of food products
Authors: Lisitsyn A. , Rosental O. , Chernukha I. , Vostrikova N.
Published: February 2020

A method for evaluating the multifactorial risk of dangerous products entering the market based on the theory of random variables is proposed. The calculations are made on the example of assessing the risk of entering the market of products containing several heavy metals, which belong to the number of their dangerous pollutants. Special attention is paid to that the level of risk should be assessed by considering the combined effects of all pollutants, even if the concentration of each of them is lower than the maximum permissible concentration.
The Use of Water Resources of Belarus and their Differentiation by the Main Catchments
Authors:   Volchek A.A., Zubritskaya T.Y.
Published: February 2020

Outputs of the studies of the Republic of Belarus water consumption with differentiation in respect of the main rivers’ catchments for different economy sectors with accounting for the water bodies’ transboundary location are presented in the article. An integrated analysis of the water consumption/water use dynamics in the republic of Belarus was based on the materials of water/economic statistics for the 1990-2015 period. System analysis of the accumulated information and comparative geographical method have enabled to synthesize the most significant key provisions of the water consumption spatial/temporal fluctuations. Total water consumption (domestic and economic), as well as account data on the waste water discharge have been considered as the principal indicator for revealing trends and forecasting of future water use. Forecast estimations have been carried out for the period up to 2030. In development of the forecast the alternative versions of developments have been considered with accounting of the variant of water consumption deviation from the linear trend frequency distribution function: positive (75 % probability), medium (75 …25 %), and negative (less than 25 %). The forecast estimation of water consumption for the Republic of Belarus has been obtained for the first time. The forecast has been carried out with application the algorithm developed by the authors for the purposes of this particular investigation and realized in the appropriate software.
The Groundwater Runoff Formation Conditions in the Rivers of the Verkhnemstinskiy Basin
Authors:   Yakovlev P.I.
Published: February 2020

Assessment of the physical/geographical, geological, and water/economic factors on the Verkhnemstinskiy basin rivers’ groundwater runoff is presented. It has been shown that groundwater runoff to rivers high parameters are determined by favorable lithologic and climatic conditions, as well as a big number of lakes in the region. The Vyshnevolotsk hydraulic engineering system big water reservoirs considerably influence the rivers’ minimal low water and groundwater runoff. Earlier State Hydrological Institute and other research organizations performed assessment of the groundwater input to the rivers on this territory in 1970–1980. However, these works had not always stressed the connection between the calculated groundwater runoff parameters with local natural conditions. At the same time, Rosgidromet, State Hydrological Institute, and other institutions have accumulated considerable volume of data concerning this region rivers minimal low water and groundwater runoff. This paper systematizes these important hydrological characteristics in respect of the Verkhnemstinskiy basin and defines parameters of groundwater input to the rivers, lakes and reservoirs of this region.
A Method for the Azerbaijan Rivers’ Ecological Runoff Determination
Authors:   Imanov F.A., Radzhabov R.F., Nuriyev A.A.
Published: February 2020

Results of the development of a method of determination of ecological runoff of the rivers of Azerbaijan are presented. The limited local water resources are widely used for irrigation while there are no regulatory documents to state the values of permissible irretrievable river waters abstraction. As a result of the existing methods and data analysis a conclusion on expediency of developing a hydrological method for the rivers’ ecological runoff assessment has been made. The proposed method is based on regularities of manyyear fluctuations of monthly runoff and changes of daily runoff within monthly intervals. Annual distribution of ecological runoff of 22 rivers with basins located in different physical/geographical regions of Azerbaijan was calculated with the help of this method. An example of the ecological runoff calculation for the Gyandzhachay River (the village of Zurnabad) is presented. As a result of field observations it has been found that water intakes for irrigation and drinking water supply, as well as disposal of untreated domestic waste waters and hydromorphological alterations in river valleys typical for many river basins of the territory under study are the main kinds of economic activities in this basin. It ha been shown that the value of potential irretrievable water abstraction can differ depending on the annual water content. Application of the proposed method will promote water bodies protection and preservation of the landscape, recreational/esthetic, as well as ecological functions of the rivers of Azerbaijan.
Problems of Water Resources Integrated Use and Management of the Territory of the Amur River Basin
Authors:   Bortin N.N.
Published: February 2020

The current state of the Amur River water resources and available water quantity for the local economic entities with taking into account future prospects of the region social/economic development up to 2025 has been discussed. Dependence of the planned program measures implementation on the water factor (availability and quality of water resources), as well as on solution of the inter-state issues of the transboundary water bodies protection and use has been demonstrated. Proposals for optimization of the water bodies monitoring system for the purposes of the Amur river basin (the Russian part) water/economic complex management in order to fulfill the SWRIUP provisions have been made. Natural risks associated with floods and anthropogenic factors in the Amur basin are considered. Proposals on minimization of their negative impact have been formulated. The structure of water/economic complex has been considered and the analysis of regulatory/legislative basis concerning designing of flood-protective facilities and water/economic complex management including issues of transboundary interaction.
Results and Future Prospects of the Hydro/dynamic Model of Flood Waves Spreading Use in the Amur River Basin
Authors:   Nerov I.O., Bugayets A.N.
Published: February 2020

A 2013 disastrous inundation occurred on the Amur River indicated the necessity of reaching new solutions for floods prevention and their negative consequences minimization. One of the possible ways is development of a method for setting the discharge hydrograph of the Bureya, Nizhne-Bureya and Zeya reservoirs, nonsynchronous with the forecasted hydrograph of the flood wave passage for flood-risky ranges of the Middle and Lower Amur on the basis of the flood wave transformation calculations. Results of the digital experiments on simulating the Amur runoff transformation with a hydrodynamic model developed by RosNIIVKh Far Eastern Branch on the basis of DHI-MIKE11 for the Middle and Lower Amur for information/analytical support of the Amur BWA activities on determination of the high-water passage regime for the reservoirs. As a result of the hydrodynamic model verification over the 2016–2017 period as a whole we obtained satisfactory estimations of the simulation quality criteria. On the basis of the simulation results analysis requirements to the boundary conditions have been formulated in addition to the determination of a range of practical tasks to be solved to adopt successfully the hydrodynamic simulation methods to the operative practice of the flood regulation in the Amur River basin including provision of the beds’ and floodplains’ morphometric and hydraulic characteristics relevance; the use of the runoff formation modern forecast hydrological models calculation data; and automation of the scenario calculations on the basis of integration with the Far Eastern Department of Hydro/meteorological Service state hydrological monitoring information system.
Assessment of Changes of the Amur River Maximal Water Flow under the Influence of the Zeya Reservoir
Authors:   Belevtsov A.A.
Published: February 2020

Qualitative and quantitative estimation of the Zeya Reservoir upon the Amur River flood runoff downstream the Zeya River confluence point, prior the Bureya hydro plant construction has been done on the basis the Amur, Zeya, and Selemdzha rivers reconstructed and observed maximal annual water flow rows. Qualitative estimation has been done with the use of statistical methods, the linear trend method, the integral curve plotting method, and the analog method. To perform the quantitative estimation of water flow extreme (maximal) changes under the Zeya hydro power plant influence the method of comparison of different probability flows obtained for similar water content changes cycles corresponding to disturbed and undisturbed runoff periods has been used.
Grounds for Scientific/methodic Approaches to Determination of Norms of Permissible Impacts to Offshore Sea Water Areas
Authors:   Bortin N.N., Milayev V.M., Gorchakov A.M.
Published: February 2020

Overview and analysis of contemporary scientific/methodic approaches to determination of norms of permissible adverse impacts in terms of chemical and suspended matter input to offshore sea water areas are presented. The pollutants concentration balance model correlated to the volume of sea water area under investigation with consideration of limiting conditions that provide maintaining of the marine environment normal state has been considered. Balance elements of the pollutants supplied to offshore sea water areas with industrial and domestic waste waters and with diffuse discharge, as well as pollutants input with water exchange of the calculated site with the neighboring sea range have been determined. An ecological approach to the problem of permissible impact norms based on the notions of maximal permissible ecological load, maximal permissible adverse impacts and the sea assimilation capacity has been analyzed. Grounds for the methodology of the norms determination in terms of chemical and suspended matter for certain parts of offshore sea water areas and bays with different water exchange characteristics have been provided.
Causes of the Flaws Formation in Floodwalls in the Process of their Use in the Conditions of the Far East
Authors:   Dyachenko K.N., Zverev A.V.
Published: February 2020

Information concerning flooding of inhabited locations and agricultural lands on the territory of the Far East is given. The main engineering protection structures on the above territory are floodwalls and their operational condition constantly deteriorated over the past years. Improvement of the floodwalls safety is impossible without finding out the causes of the faults formation that leads to damages of this kind of facilities. Assessment of these facilities’ reliability has been mostly carried out on the basis of the field survey and observation outcomes analysis. Specific flaws of these structures’ elements and causes of their formation during the period of their use have been identified in compliance with the field surveys and observations outcomes. All engineering protection facilities defects have been studied integrally with taking into account their mutual influence in the process of exploitation. This enabled to combine the flaws in groups for the main dykes’ structural elements. Recommendations on limiting of the flaws occurrence in the floodwall elements during the process of their exploitation and decreasing of their development intensity are given.
Current State and Ecological Problems of the Ob-Irtysh Basin
Authors:   Puzanov A.V., Bezmaternykh D.M., Vinokurov Y.I., Zinovyev A.T., Kirillov V.V., Krasnoyarova B.A., Rybkina I.D., Kotovshchikov A.V., Dyachenko A.V.
Published: February 2020

Results of the comprehensive water/resources and ecological researchers of the OB-Irtysh basin current state are given. Assessment of the many-year dynamics of the main indicators characterizing the Ob River ecological status has been made. The data are quoted on the basis of the analysis of materials of many-year hydrological, hydro/chemical, ecological and water/economic researchers of Russian Academy of Sciences Siberian Branch Institute of Water and Ecological Problems. The main problems of water supply and water use special for this basin have been revealed: non-uniformity of water resources distribution, hazardous hydrological phenomena (inundation, flooding, and channel processes), as well as water pollution (of human and natural origin). The situation is aggravated by the Ob-Irtysh basin transboundary status. The anthropogenic transformation of the region has been estimated: its index is the highest in the steppe and Southern forest/steppe areas of the Ob-Urtysh basin, while it is much lower in the Northern part of the basin; in mountain areas of Altay, Salair and Kuznetsk Alatau anthropogenic transformation is not high, and in the regions of Transuralia and Kuznetsk depression the territories of environmental problems have been identified. Non-synchronism of water content changes many-year trends for different parts of the basin has been revealed. Over the past decades volumes of water use and water disposal somewhat decreased in respect of the whole basin. Bearing in mind the level of groundwater and surface water resources availability, 15% of the total population of the Ob-Irtysh basin live in the conditions of extremely low and very low potential water supply. New data obtained as a result of comprehensive expedition water/ecological researches in 2016 with the use of research fleet are quoted.
The Change of the Water Regime of the Volga River in the Area of the Protected Island Bakhilovsky
Authors:   A.V. Selezneva, K.V. Bespalova, V.A. Seleznev
Published: February 2020

The ecological state of the protected Islands Seredysh and Shalyga (now Bakhilovsky island) depends on the water content and flow of the Volga River. We have analyzed the long-term changes in the water flow of the Volga River for the period 1958-2017 in the alignment Zhiguli dam, located 12 km upstream from the island. According to the average annual water consumption, there are three periods that differ from each other in water content: low-water period (1958–1976), high-water period (1977–1997) and the period of average water content (1998–2017), with extremely low-water (1967, 1973, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1996) and extremely high-water (1966, 1979, 1981, 1990, 1991, 1994) years. In highwater years, during the passage of the spring flood, the island is almost completely flooded, and in low-water years, during the summer low water, the area of the island increases and changes its configuration.
Analisis Kesesuaian Kualitas Air Sungai dengan Baku Mutu Air untuk Budidaya Ikan Air Tawar di Kabupaten Tabalong
Authors: Astriyani Rezky Nur
Published: February 2020

The Minapolitan area in Tabalong District is one of the predominant areas from the point of economic interest based on Tabalong District's Urban Land Use Plan 2014-2034. The Minapolitan is the conception of fisheries economic development which it functions is in economy that consists of production, processing, and marketing the fisheries commodity, services, and other supporting activities. The fishery activities in Tabalong District are occurring mostly in Tabalong and Pemayaran River. The purpose of this research is to acknowledge the compatibility of water quality conditions based on water temperature, brightness, dissolved oxygen (DO), acidity level (pH), ammonia (NH3), and nitrite (NO2). The data analysis instrument is using descriptive through comparison of the current water quality condition upon the water quality standard of freshwater fisheries. The result shows that the water quality in Sungai Tabalong and Sungai Pemayaran consecutively for water temperature 28 oC and 30 oC, brightness 28 cm and 26 cm, dissolved oxygen (DO) 4,2 mg/L and 4 mg/L, acidity level (pH) 7, ammonia 3,33 mg/L and 0,25 mg/L and nitrite <0,3 mg/L. Overall the whole fish in the river of Tabalong District still could survive as well as the fisheries activities. However, controlling the activity around the river and the implementation of aquaculture technology is required to intensify the water quality.
USULAN PERBAIKAN SISTEM MANAJEMEN KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA (SMK3) SEBAGAI UPAYA MEMINIMALISIR ANGKA KECELAKAAN KERJA MENGGUNAKAN METODE HAZOP (Studi Kasus : PT. XYZ)
Authors: Nur Muhammad
Published: February 2020

PT. XYZ is a company engaged in oil palm plantations and processing with its main commodity is the oil palm plantations (Elais Queineensis Jack). In 2018, thare are several occupational safety and health problems naamely occupational accidents experienced by special employees in the production processarea. The purpose of this study is to detemine the types of work accidents, the types of hazards created based on the risk materics. This study begins by identifying Hazard and risk and then looking for potential sources of occuptional hazard so that harm can be done using the Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) method. The research results have been carried out based on the process (Crude Palm Oil) found 8 sources of potential danger between : Loding Ramp Station, Sterilizer Station, Tippler Station, DigesterStation, Press Station, Clarification Station, Kernel Stationdan Boiler Station, then risk assessment : low risk, medium risk, high risk and extreme risk.
Intubation concerns in maxillofacial trauma patients
Authors: Khan Kamran , Bibi Jawaria , Qayyum Muhammad Umar
Published: February 2020

Introduction: In maxillofacial trauma the preferred intubation method for general anesthesia is nasotracheal intubation in most of the trauma centers. We conducted a retrospective study to review the utility of this method of intubation in maxillofacial trauma patients. We aimed to review the intra-operative and postoperative concerns and complications for nasotracheal intubation and effectiveness of this method of intubation in maxillofacial trauma patient.

Methodology: This study included 56 patients of maxillofacial trauma, who were treated in our centre of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Islamic International Dental Hospital, Islamabad in the period of two years, 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2017.

Results: The study showed that nasal intubation is relatively more effective in isolated mandibular trauma patients. But there are difficulties regarding intubation in maxillary fractures and pan-facial trauma patients.

Conclusion: Although nasotracheal method of intubation is difficult to attain in some cases, but still it is an effective method of intubation for majority of the maxillofacial trauma cases with very low rate of complications.

Received: 30 Sep 2018Reviewed: 16 Nov 2018Accepted: 17 Nov 2018

Citation: Khan K, Bibi J, Qayyum MU. Intubation concerns in maxillofacial trauma patients Anaesth Pain & Intensive Care 2018;22 Suppl 1:S109-S112
Preferences an office in commercial administration
Authors: Ali Khalil ibrahim , Abood Aday abas
Published: February 2020

This speech resemble the Identity ofArchitecture. A task which makes busy the thinkersand educated class people in general and the Alchitectures in special, on a basic that theIdentity resembles thoughts which are as a kind of eagemess and retuming back for the pasttill the point of resembling, as to be an expression for its role to achieve Identity this researchdeals with through two axis the first relate in describing the dimension and sides ofthereferences in general sight and in Architecture in special sight. The research discusses theArchitecture through explaining the linguistic and Idiomatic dimensions the philosophicalside enlighten this reality and emerge discussions about the material and thoughts which arepreviously the better to limitate the research state from this discussion limited the state whichindicates the complement of the two poles materials and thoughts giving less importance tothebestoneandneglectstheother.Theresearchshiftstotheotherexplanationofthisthought in the Architecture medial and what it means, what is related to it thrcugh thereferences which caused stress for the importance ofthe references role in architecture on onehand and explaining its kinds and branches depending on its relation to the field ofArchitecture and out side and referring to the differences according on it period or age andcercumestances which makes it to depend on the other hand what's above has its importancein dehning the references and it differs from it in being a collective thought due to the triballyseen not having it collectively that means consisting the references in one of its sides due towhat is previously not announcing the references in their collectively pictures the researchindicates the role of references in achieving the Identity through depending on the association'It means achieving a kind of connecting with the cultural and civilization heretic and thenational roots in their in their indicates the importance of references and its necessity inachieving the Identity and indicating a smart and creative beheviour in the presence ofreferences not meaning it to reduce it simportance to the hibal state or shifting it to thehistorical relations and become as ash through analyzing the reality of now a daysArchitecture. In addition to the explanation ofhow to behave with references in the frame ofachieving the Architecture have Identity'
انماط الوحدات السكنية الحضرية وعلاقتها بالخصائص الاقتصادية والاجتماعية
Authors: Al-Doji Mumtaz Hazem
Published: February 2020

شهدت المدن العراقية نموا متسارعا في النصف الثاني من القرن العشرين وخاصة في العقود الثلاثة

الاخيرة منه على صعيد الاتساع المساحي مع زيادة عدد السكان وفي ذات الوقت رافق هذا النمو ظهور انماط

متنوعة من الابنية السكنية توزعت على مناطق المدينة المختلفة وقد كانت مدينة الموصل بصفتها واحدة من

اكبر ثلاث مدن عراقية على المستويين المساحي والسكاني مسرحا لمثل هذا التنوع .

يستند البحث المقدم إلى الفرضية القائلة بوجود علاقة ما بين انماط الوحدات السكنية معبرا عنها

بالخصائص العمرانية للوحدة وموقعها ضمن الرقعة الحضرية من جهة وصفات الساكنين معبرا عنها بمفردات

مرتبطة بالحالة الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والاسرية من جهة أخرى وبالتالي فهو يهدف إلى تحديد ماهية وطبيعة

هذه العلاقة ودرجة تأثير هذه المفردات عليها في مدينة الموصل
Linking firm performance with board diversity: A literature review
Authors: Manyaga Fawz , Taha Ammar
Published: February 2020

When we hear the word diversity, usually the first word that comes to mind is difference, and diversity steams from difference, in this paper, board diversity is discussed, in addition to linking it to firm performance, diversity is important, and it’s especially important in the board room of a given firm because it allows for different perspectives and opinions which can impact the decision-making process in the firm, which ultimately can affect the performance of the firm. The purpose of this paper is to give a relational guide on how board diversity can greatly impact the achievements of a firm. This paper is a theory-based study and aims to develop a critical approach of defining board diversity and linking that to the performance of the firm. This paper is a theory-based study because it utilizes the existing literature in order to determine the impact of board diversity on firm performance. This study also uses different theories and existing literature to highlight the relevance of having a diverse board in the firm. To find the relation, various studies and existing literature were analyzed to develop a critical approach to relate board diversity to firm performance. In conclusion, this paper outlines different aspects of board diversity while providing a critical look that allows us to assess the importance of board diversity and its connection to firm performance.
Argument for Tenure in the American Higher Education
Authors: Allehaibi Majed s
Published: February 2020

The article presents the arguments concerning tenure in academic institutions. Proponents of tenure argue that it protects professors from social sanctions such as criticism by political or religious powers outside campus that may disagree with the professor’s research findings and thus might pressure the institution to fire him or her. Opponents of tenure argue that the security that comes with tenure allows professors to become incompetent and slothful. After assessing the advantages and disadvantages of tenure, this article concludes that tenure could be an incentive attracting competent faculty members and allowing them to embark on long-term, risky research projects.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HUMAN EXPERIMENTATION FROM THE CHRISTIAN AND ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Opoku John Kwaku
Published: February 2020

Research involving humans as subjects have been in existence throughout the years. Such research conducted with human beings as subjects has brought about advancements in the knowledge of medicine (treatment of deadly diseases and all manner of psychological ailment as well as an overall understanding of the human anatomy). However, due to the nature of some horrifying experimentation such as those conducted by German Nazi, the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, and the Guatemala Syphilis experiments, ethicists are of the view that these experiments abuse the utilitarian motive of satisfying the greatest good. All these opinions have shaped people’s views on the ethics of research resulting in ethical guidelines such as the Declaration of Helsinki and the Nuremberg Code to serve as a guide when researches are conducted on human beings. This paper is purposed to highlight the views of both the Christian and Islamic religions on the subject of human experimentation so as to enable individuals to understand the bioethical views shared on this biological technology.
Graphene oxide (GO) 2D layered films for high efficiency integrated polarizers in ring resonators and waveguides
Authors: Moss David , Wu Jiayang , Jiao Baohua , xu xingyuan , tan mengxi , Morandotti Roberto
Published: February 2020

Polarization selective devices, such as polarizers and polarization
selective resonant cavities (e.g., gratings and ring resonators), are core
components for polarization control in optical systems and find wide
applications in polarization-division-multiplexing, coherent optical detection,
photography, liquid crystal display, and optical sensing. In this paper, we
demonstrate integrated waveguide polarizers and polarization-selective
micro-ring resonators (MRRs) incorporated with graphene oxide (GO). We achieve
highly precise control of the placement, thickness, and length of the GO films
coated on integrated photonic devices by using a solution-based, transfer-free,
and layer-by-layer GO coating method followed by photolithography and lift-off
processes. The latter overcomes the layer transfer fabrication limitations of
2D materials and represent a significant advance towards manufacturing
integrated photonic devices incorporated with 2D materials. We measure the
performance of the waveguide polarizer for different GO film thicknesses and
lengths versus polarization, wavelength, and power, achieving a very high
polarization dependent loss (PDL) of ~ 53.8 dB. For GO-coated integrated MRRs,
we achieve an 8.3-dB polarization extinction ratio between the TE and TM
resonances, with the extracted propagation loss showing good agreement with the
waveguide results. Furthermore, we present layer-by-layer characterization of
the linear optical properties of 2D layered GO films, including detailed
measurements that conclusively determine the material loss anisotropy of the GO
films as well as the relative contribution of film loss anisotropy versus
polarization-dependent mode overlap, to the device performance. These results
offer interesting physical insights and trends of the layered GO films from
monolayer to quasi bulk like behavior and confirm the high-performance of
integrated polarization selective devices incorporated with GO films.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРОТРАВИТЕЛЕЙ В ПОСЕВАХ РАПСА В УСЛОВИЯХ РЯЗАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Authors: Stupin A.S. , Vinogradov D.V. , Lupova E.I. , Sokolov A.A. , Fadkin G.N. , Sazonkin K.D.
Published: February 2020

Определен видовой состав крестоцветных блошек в Рязанской области. Проведен подбор препаратов для защиты рапса ярового от крестоцветных блошек. Для этого применен системный подход к изучению воздействия пестицидов на вредителя. Представлена сравнительная эффективность препаратов разной химической природы, предназначенных для борьбы с крестоцветными блошками на рапсе яровом. Установлен видовой состав фитофагов в агроценозе рапса в условиях региона. Исследованиями подтверждено, что протравливание семян необходимый прием в агротехнологии, в том числе на рапсе в борьбе с крестоцветными блошками. В исследованиях выявлено, что наиболее эффективными против комплекса крестоцветных блошек являются протравители Круйзер Рапс, КС и Модесто, КС. Их применение позволило снизить численность крестоцветных блошек в 2,5 раза по сравнению с контролем и получить максимальную в среднем за три года прибавку урожая (40,5) за счет приемлемого уровня подавления популяций вредителей и продолжительности действия. Предложено для защиты всходов рапса от крестоцветных блошек рекомендовать к широкому внедрению в производство протравители семян типа Круйзер Рапс, КС и Модесто, КС. Такие препараты подавляют вредителей до уровня ниже экономического порога вредоносности, обеспечивают существенную прибавку урожая, оказывают минимальное негативное влияние на нецелевые организмы агроценоза, их применение исключает проведение дополнительной инсектицидной обработки.

The species composition of cruciferous fleas in the Ryazan region was determined. The selection of preparations for the protection of spring rape from cruciferous fleas was carried out. For this, a systematic approach to the study of the effects of pesticides on the pest was applied. Comparative effectiveness of preparations of different chemical nature intended for controlling cruciferous flea on spring rape is provided. The species composition of phytophages in the rape agrocenosis in the region has been established. Studies have confirmed that seed dressing is a necessary technique in agricultural technology, including canola in the fight against cruciferous flea. The studies revealed that the most effective against the cruciferous flea complex are the protectants Kruiser Rape, KS and Modesto, KS. Their use made it possible to reduce the number of cruciferous fleas by 2.5 times in comparison with the control and to obtain the maximum yield increase on average over three years (40.5) due to an acceptable level of suppression of pest populations and duration of action. It is proposed to protect seedlings of rapeseed against cruciferous fleas that seed dressers such as Kruiser Rapeseed, KS and Modesto, KS should be widely introduced into production. Such drugs suppress pests to a level below the economic threshold of harmfulness, provide a significant increase in yield, have a minimal negative effect on non-target organisms of agrocenosis, their use excludes additional insecticidal treatment.
Assess the severity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolate on peas Pisum sativum. L
Authors: Al-bozidy Zanib Al-Sadiq , El-Gariani Najat Khalifa , Alsaghir Mohammed
Published: February 2020

Pisum sativum. L is one of the most important legumes and vegetables. It is an essential source of energy and highly rich in protein. Peas are affected by many plant diseases, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which affects many vegetable and field crops plants causing significant losses in agricultural production. S. sclerotiorum was isolated from infected pea pods on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media. the percentage of seed germination was investigated for both local and Italian varities, also the effect of fungus on seeds and bodes was evaluated. Results of this study showed that the percentage of seed germination in the local varity was 98%, while in the Italian varity 90%. The ability of pathogenicity was high on seeds and bods of the local variety. and also the effect of S. sclerotiorum suspension when using perlite showed that the fungus hed a high effecte on the plant growth and seed germination comparied with sclerotia treatment on local variety only, while the effect of fungal suspension decreased seed and plant germination on petmous comparied with sclerotia treatment.
Plasmid Profiles of Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi.
Authors: Elmagdub Fathea. E. , Elamri Nuria. A. , Abughania Abdunabi. M.
Published: February 2020

Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi (Psv) is the causal agent of olive knot disease. Forty nine bacterial isolates of Psv were isolated from knots on several hosts at the western area of Libya: 31 isolates from olive Olea europaea, 17 isolates from athel Tamarix aphylla (on which the disease is documented for the first time) and one isolate from retem Retama raetam. The isolates were identified on the basis of their morphological characteristics and LOPAT profile. They produced round, white creamy colonies on selective media (PAB and KB), from which 15 isolates produced fluorescent pigments. With the exception of other LOPAT analysis, all isolates were pectinolytic activity and arginine dihydrolase negative. some isolates were levan positive (10 isolates) and oxidase positive (12 isolates), while the rest of isolates were negative for both tests. Most of the isolates induced a hypersensitive reaction on tobacco and pepper leaves. Plasmid profile analysis of Psv strains indicated high genetic variability between the isolates of the same host or different hosts. Most of the olive isolates were classified according to their plasmid profile into five groups (A, B, C, D, F), however, the athel isolates were separated into three different groups designated as G, K, N, on the other hand, group E and H contained mixed isolates from different hosts: group H included two isolates from olive (OS25w and OS42w) and one isolate from retem (Ra1); only two strains OS6w and Ta5y from olive and athel respectively were classified within the same group designated as E. The remaining seven isolates from all hosts were unique. The total number of plasmids ranged from 1-4 for the strains tested, while the DNA content varied widely ranging from 540 to 13550 bp. No plasmid were detected in 14 isolates tested. Genome analysis based on plasmid profiles indicated the great potential of this technique to discriminate between the isolates of Psv from different hosts and geographical regions.
Study effects of the some Potanical Powders on Biology of Chinese bruchid Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) s
Authors: Freewan Asma O. , Kerra Halluma M.
Published: February 2020

This research was conducted to study effect of the tested plant powders on the biology of the C. chinensis life using powder of Lantana camara leaves and powder of Melia azedarach leaves and fruits mixed with kidney bean seeds at different concentrations (0,1,2,3,4,5g powder/100g). Results showed that the powder of L. camara leaves was higher on reduction of the female's fertility to 33.27%. The percentage of reduction in the numbers of the first generation (F1) was 45.68%. While fertility was 48.2 and 53.5% and the percentage in reduction of the numbers of the first generation was 38.55 and 23.18% for M. azedarach leaves and fruits powder respectively. The tested plant powders have repellent effect on the adults.
Repellency also achieved by L. Camara, M. azedarach fruits and leaves and reached 80, 73.3 and 66.6% respectively Chemotrophometer measure showed no differences on the repellent effect of the tested plant powders. The females when given free selection for eggs laying on seeds treated with 5g powder /100g seeds and untreated seeds they choose the untreated seeds to lay eggs. The powders found to have repellent effect on the insects preventing them from laying eggs. However, C. chinensis choosed untreated seeds for ovipostion.
Callosobruchus chinensis (L) belongs to Order Coleoptera and family Chrysomelidae. a primary pest infests legume seeds.
ВАРЬИРОВАНИЕ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ КОЛИЧЕСТВА КЛЕЙКОВИНЫ В ЗЕРНЕ МЯГКОЙ ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ ПОД ВЛИЯНИЕМ МЕТЕОРОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЙ КРАСНОЯРСКОГО КРАЯ
Authors: В.В. Келер
Published: February 2020

Цель работы – оценка роли температурного фактора и условий влагообеспечения в течение вегетационного периода в формировании количества клейковины яровой мягкой пшеницы в условиях южной лесостепи Красноярского края. Задачи: оценить сорта мягкой яровой пшеницы в южной лесостепи Красноярского края по содержанию клейковины и установить масштабы изменчивости признака, выявить роль температурного фактора в формировании анализируемого показателя у исследуемой культуры и рассмотреть влияние содержания влаги в течение вегетационного периода и ее вклад в изменение количества клейковины у мягкой яровой пшеницы. Для выполнения поставленных на исследование задач в 2007–2017 гг. был заложен опыт по методике конкурсного испытания на Каратузском ГСУ. Повторность в эксперименте 4-кратная, площадь делянки – 25 м2. Изучались сорта Новосибирская 15, Ветлужанка, Омская 33 и Кантегирская 89. Результаты были обработаны методом математической статистики с помощью пакета StatSoft® STATISTICA 6.0. Установлено, что варьирование содержания клейковины у изученных образцов за анализируемый период было низким и показатель стабилен (при V от 1,8 до 4,5 %). Содержание клейковины увеличивается под воздействием повышенных температур и осадков июля, r изменяются от 0,355 у сорта Новосибирская 15 до 0,645 у Омская 33. Отрицательным действием на увеличение клейковины отличаются осадки августа, изменчивость коэффициентов корреляции составила от -0,109 у сорта Новосибирская 15 до -0,533 у сорта Ветлужанка.
РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЕ БЕШЕНСТВА ЖИВОТНЫХ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ ТЫВА
Authors: Л.К. Сарыглар
Published: February 2020

Представлены данные распространения бешенства на территории Республики Тыва среди животных разных видов: сельскохозяйственных, домашних и диких. Проанализированы случаи заболеваемости бешенства среди животных на территории республики с 1979 по 2019 год по данным годовых отчетов Республиканской ветеринарной лаборатории, Республиканского управления ветеринарии, Омского научно-исследовательского института природно-очаговых инфекций Роспотребнадзора. Изучены региональные особенности проявления бешенства среди животных за определенные периоды по географическому положению региона, экологическим особенностям формирования очагов. Распространение бешенства в республике зависит не только от природных условий, но и от особенностей организации ведения животноводства, которое позволяет круглый год поддерживать вероятность контакта домашних и сельскохозяйственных животных с дикими. Свободное перемещение животных домашней и дикой фауны позволяет хищникам без труда нападать на людей и на домашних животных на пастбищах, чабанских стоянках и реже при заходе в населенные пункты. В распространении бешенства из диких животных участвуют волки и лисы – носители вируса бешенства. Они часто нападают на пастушьих собак, охранявших сельскохозяйственных животных во время пастьбы. С 2002–2003 гг. началась резкая активация эпизоотического процесса на юге Красноярского края и в Хакасии. В Тыве бешенство вновь (после 1996 г.) зарегистрировано в 2007 году у волка, лисицы, мелкого рогатого скота и на приграничной с Монголией территории. Таким образом, бешенство в республике регистрируется через 7, 12; 8 и 12 лет, но стойкий природный очаг пока не укоренился.