bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of Metformin for Obesity: A Systematic Review
Authors: Masarwa Reem , Brunetti Vanessa C. , Aloe Stephanie , Henderson Mélanie , Platt Robert W. , Filion Kristian B.
Published: February 2021

CONTEXT:

The efficacy and safety of metformin for obesity in children and adolescents remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the efficacy and safety of metformin via systematic review.

DATA SOURCES:

Data sources included PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and ClincalTrials.gov (inception to November 2019).

STUDY SELECTION:

We selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which researchers assessed the efficacy and safety of metformin with lifestyle interventions, compared with a placebo with lifestyle interventions, in children and adolescents with obesity.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Two researchers independently extracted data and assessed quality. The primary outcomes were mean changes from baseline in BMI, BMI z score, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and gastrointestinal adverse effects.

RESULTS:

Twenty-four RCTs (1623 patients; range: 16 to 151) were included. Ages ranged from 4 to 19 years, and follow-up ranged from 2 months to 2 years. Metformin resulted in a modest decrease in BMI (range of mean values: −2.70 to 1.30 vs −1.12 to 1.90), BMI z score (range of mean values: −0.37 to −0.03 vs −0.22 to 0.15), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (range of mean values: −3.74 to 1.00 vs −1.40 to 2.66). Metformin resulted in a higher frequency of gastrointestinal adverse effects (range: 2% to 74% vs 0% to 42%).

LIMITATIONS:

The available evidence is of varying quality, with high heterogeneity between trials, suggesting some uncertainty in the benefits of metformin in this population.

CONCLUSIONS:

With this systematic review of RCTs, we suggest that metformin has modest but favorable effects on weight and insulin resistance and a tolerable safety profile among children and adolescents with obesity.
DE QUE E DE QUEM EXATAMENTE NÓS FALAMOS QUANDO FALAMOS DOS ANIMAIS?
Authors: De Vasconcelos Thiago Vinicius Rodrigues
Published: February 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a reflexão de Hans Jonas acerca do estatuto ontológico do animal que está inserida, neste contexto, em uma análise mais geral sobre o fenômeno da vida e se apresenta como um momento importante na ontologia que pretende combater o dualismo e a ruptura entre animais humanos e não humanos. Ao reconhecer graus diferenciados de atividade espiritual entre os seres vivos, o autor, contudo, não partilha a ideia de uma igualdade plena entre os animais, embora sua perspectiva parta de traços comuns que acentuam a transanimalidade do homem, ou seja, o seu pertencimento e, ao mesmo tempo, a sua diferença em relação às alimárias. Por isso, sua filosofia não se limita ao discurso sobre os direitos animais, mas, antes, pretende pensar uma nova ontologia animal e uma nova animalidade humana a partir da integridade psicofísica e da relação constitutiva dos animais humanos e não humanos no âmbito da natureza.
Moral e alienação
Authors: Biavati Zandoná Felipe
Published: February 2021

O presente trabalho pretende apresentar ao leitor uma aproximação entre a moral e a alienação a partir de um diálogo entre o jovem Hegel e Nietzsche. O objetivo geral do artigo é demonstrar - para além das divergências filosóficas - que o Hegel da juventude e Nietzsche possuem um cerne crítico comum  no trato da moral. Como objetivo específico, o artigo pretende demonstrar que este cerne crítico da moral passa, primordialmente, pela crítica religiosa e, em especial pelo fenômeno da alienação. Na intenção de atingir os objetivos aqui traçados, tomaremos por base, inicialmente, a alienação como manifestada por Hegel nos seus escritos teológicos de juventude, em especial nas obras O positivismo da religião cristã e O espírito do cristianismo e seu destino. Importante será, na seqüência do trabalho, a crítica religiosa feita por Nietzsche na Genealogia da moral, já que possibilitará uma análise conjunta das duas filosofias e nos levará a um desfecho final do trabalho onde, como conclusão, pretenderá se demonstrar que os efeitos da alienação no jovem Hegel possuem claras semelhanças para com os efeitos da moral em Nietzsche.
Zootherapeutic practices in the Amazon Region: chemical and pharmacological studies of Green-anaconda fat (Eunectes murinus) and alternatives for species conservation
Authors: Ferreira Abrão Camila , Ribeiro de Oliveira Danilo , Passos Paulo , Rodrigues Pereira Freitas Carla Valéria , Ferreira Santana Amanda , Lopes da Rocha Marilene , Ribeiro da Silva Antonio Jorge , Tinoco Luzineide Wanderley
Published: February 2021

The treatment of diseases with animal resources or their derivatives is a traditional practice worldwide, representing a wide field of research for the elaboration of strategies of management and conservation of the fauna, and contributing to the search for sustainable therapy alternatives. This study presents the therapeutic applications of animal fats to the treatment of several diseases in Pimenteiras do Oeste, state of Rondônia, Brazil. Twelve animals including: mammals, fishes, reptiles and birds are reported as a source of medicinal lard for the treatment of respiratory illnesses (asthma, flu, bronchitis, cough), rheumatism, and earache and as a healing agent (dislocation and wounds). The ethnopharmacological focus of the study was on Green-anaconda fat (Eunectes murinus), which stands out for its frequent local use and the lack of previous chemical studies. The chemical composition of E. murinus fat was analyzed by gas and liquid chromatography, both coupled to mass spectrometry. The main fatty acids identified were oleic, linoleic and palmitic acids, which were also predominant in the composition of the triglycerides. Pharmacological analysis of Green-anaconda fat showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect, which is related to its use by traditional communities. Having confirmed the pharmacological potential of Green-anaconda fat, its fatty acid composition was used as a parameter in the search for vegetable oils from the Amazon Region with a similar composition. This comparative analysis can be of help by proposing therapeutic alternatives for the Amazonian population. The use of plant sources can contribute to the conservation of the aforementioned species.
A new Pseudolepanthes (Pleurothallidinae: Orchidaceae) from Northwest Ecuador
Authors: Monteros Marco F. , Baquero Luis E. , Vieira-Uribe Sebastián
Published: February 2021

A new species of the genus Pseudolepanthes discovered in Carchi province, northwest Ecuador, is described here. The new species is compared with P. zunagensis from which it is distinguished by a longer inflorescence with successive vinaceous or pale-yellow flowers, an elongate arcuate column, and a lip with an erect, thick, widely rectangular central callus.

Keywords: Dracula Reserve, EcoMinga, Trichosalpinx, Trichosalpinx pseudolepanthes
Polistes associus (Kohl, 1898) recorded from Slovakia after 66 years (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)
Authors: Goffová Katarína , Matisková Dáša , Selnekovič Dávid , Purkart Adrián , Smetana Vladimír
Published: February 2021

We present the second record of Polistes associus (Kohl, 1898) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from Slovakia after 66 years and discuss the distribution of this species in Europe. Morphological features of the species are compared with those of other morphologically similar congeners occurring in Central Europe, Polistes bischoffi Weyrauch, 1937 and Polistes nimpha (Christ, 1791), and the differential diagnoses are supplemented with figures.
On the distribution of two species of Copaifera L. (Leguminosae) from the Brazilian Cerrado, and the first record of C. malmei Harms in São Paulo state, Brazil
Authors: Maruyama Adriano , Gibau Alexandre , de Paula-Souza Juliana , Silva Costa Jorge Antonio
Published: February 2021

Copaifera L. is a pantropical genus with great diversity in the Cerrado. Fieldwork in western São Paulo revealed the first record of C. malmei Harms in this state, and this is only the second time that this species has been found in the Southeast Region of Brazil. Additional analyses of a related species, C. marginata Benth. revealed the same rare pattern of distribution in the region. We provide morphological descriptions, comments on geographical distribution, assessment of conservation status, phenology, and an identification key to the species of Copaifera in the Cerrado in southeastern Brazil.
Nanopillar composite electrodes for solar-driven water splitting
Authors: Lippmaa Mikk , Kawasaki Seiji , Takahashi Ryota , Yamamoto Takahisa
Published: February 2021

Spontaneous noble metal dopant segregation in an oxide lattice can lead to the formation of metallic clusters and extended acicular inclusions. In a thin-film process, the shape and orientation of such noble metal inclusions are governed by the crystal growth direction, giving rise to a composite material with lattice-matched metal nanopillars embedded vertically in an insulating or semiconducting oxide matrix. An interesting application of such composites is in photoelectrochemical cell electrodes, where the metallic nanopillars take on three distinct roles: forming a Schottky junction with the host matrix, providing a low-loss current path from bulk to surface, and creating an efficient electrocatalytic active site on the electrode surface. In particular, we discuss the application of vertically aligned metal–oxide nanopillar composites in photoelectrochemical water-splitting cells used for direct solar-powered hydrogen generation.
Applicability of focused Ion beam (FIB) milling with gallium, neon, and xenon to the fracture toughness characterization of gold thin films
Authors: Preiß Eva I. , Merle Benoit , Xiao Yuan , Gannott Florentina , Liebig Jan P. , Wheeler Jeffrey M. , Göken Mathias
Published: February 2021

Focused ion beam (FIB) milling is an increasingly popular technique for fabricating micro-sized samples for nanomechanical characterization. Previous investigations have cautioned that exposure to a gallium ion beam can significantly alter the mechanical behavior of materials. In the present study, the effects of gallium, neon, and xenon ions are scrutinized. We demonstrate that fracture toughness measurements on freestanding gold thin films are unaffected by the choice of the ion species and milling parameters. This is likely because the crack initiation is controlled by the local microstructure and grain boundaries at the notch, rather than by the damaged area introduced by FIB milling. Additionally, gold is not susceptible to chemical embrittlement by common FIB ion species. This confirms the validity of microscale fracture measurements based on similar experimental designs.

Graphical abstract
The Role of Vitamin D Deficiency Prevention in Improving Obstetric, Perinatal and Long-Term Outcomes
Authors:   SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academical O.M. Luk'yanova of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Davydova Iu.V. , Lymanska A.Iu. ,   SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academical O.M. Luk'yanova of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Neroznak Yu.P. ,   SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academical O.M. Luk'yanova of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: February 2021

Much attention is paid to deficiencies prevention during pregnancy, since they negatively affect not only metabolic processes, including fetoplacental complex, but also the condition of the fetus, the newborn, and physical and mental development of the child in the future. Summarizing the recommendations for the use of vitamin D during pregnancy, it should be noted that the typical prophylactic dose is 400 IU/day starting from the first trimester. However, we should consider the use of corrective doses in the second and third trimesters when the fetal skeleton is growing and developing. A high dose of vitamin D (2000 IU/day) is recommended for women at high risk of developing hypertensive complications of pregnancy (a history of preeclampsia, in particular, arising before 28 weeks, arterial hypertension, chronic kidney disease), as well as pregnant women with comorbidity (systemic red lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, oncological pathology). For women at risk of vitamin D deficiency, the recommended dose is less than 1000 IU/day. In case of confirmed vitamin D deficiency (<25-30 nmol/L), a correction dose of 2000-4000 IU/day is prescribed for 11 weeks to provide a cumulative dose of about 150,000 or 300,000 units in the second or third trimesters. Today, a sufficient number of vitamin D preparations are presented on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine, among which one should pay attention to "Olidetrim" (Polpharma, Poland) in the form of oil solution in capsules ensuring its absorption and assimilation. Depending on the dosage, each capsule of the preparation contains 2000 IU or 4000 IU of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). In addition to the fat-soluble form, vitamin D preparation Aquadetrim® (Polpharma, Poland) is registered and successfully used in Ukraine. This is a unique form of vitamin D3 based on nanomycellae, which provides better absorption of vitamin D in the intestine. Key words: vitamin D, deficiency, pregnancy, fetus, prevention.
Modern diagnostic and treatment approaches of congenital cytomegalovirus infection: a clinical case
Authors:   SI Institute of Pediatrics Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.M. Lukyanova of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Shadrin O.H. , Volokha A.P. ,   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kyiv, Ukraine, Chumachenko N.H. ,   SI Institute of Pediatrics Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.M. Lukyanova of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Fysun V.M. ,   SI Institute of Pediatrics Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.M. Lukyanova of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Zaiets V.V. ,   SI Institute of Pediatrics Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.M. Lukyanova of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: February 2021

Cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) is one of the most common causes of fetal infection. Recently fetal infections cause from 11% to 45% of perinatal losses, according to various authors, and are considered to be one of the most likely causes of congenital malformations, which lead to infants disability and reduce quality of life. CMV-infection clinical picture is very diverse, disguised as other diseases. There may be clinical manifestations of both generalized infection and single organ damage, because the virus has tropism to various organs and tissues. Timely diagnosis and treatment are the key to successful therapy of even severe manifestations of congenital CMV-infection in infants. Antiviral drugs usage can be sufficiently justified in patients with severe infection and can prevent complications. A clinical case of a manifest form of cytomegalovirus infection with severe hepatitis in an infant is presented and the therapeutic efficacy and safety of the ganciclovir and valganciclovir antiviral drugs are shown. The study is performed in accordance with principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the institution mentioned in the article. Informed consent of parents was obtained for the research. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Key words: infants, congenital cytomegalovirus infection, ganciclovir, valganciclovir, clinical case.
Mucoactive preparations in the treatment of cough at arvi of the lower respiratory tract in children of early age: how to make a right decision
Authors:   SE «Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine», Dnipro, Mokiya-Serbina S.A. , Litvinova T.V. ,   SE «Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine», Dnipro, Zabolotnyaya N.I. ,   SE «Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine», Dnipro, Gordeeva A.A. ,   KU «Kriviy Rih City Children's Hospital No. 8» KMR, Ukraine
Published: February 2021

The analysis of the world experience of using mucoactive drugs for cough of ukrainian, russian, english sources such as PubMed, Embase and Cochrane data-bases was carried out. The article focuses on the features of the development of cough at ARVI of the lower respiratory tract in young children. The results of experimental and clinical studies, confirming the complex nature of the action of mucoactive drugs ambroxol, carbocysteine, acetylcysteine (ACC), and revealing the mechanisms of their therapeutic efficacy at ARVI of the lower respiratory tract, are generalized. The tactics of choosing mucoactive drugs have been substantiated, taking into account the effects of their main and accompanying actions. Practical recommendations for the use of mucoactive drugs are presented. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Key words: cough, lower respiratory tract, children, ambroxol, carbocisteine, acetylcysteine.
Reviewers' Decision to Sign Reviews is Related to Their Recommendation
Authors: Van Sambeek Nino , Lakens Daniel
Published: February 2021

Surveys indicate that researchers generally have a positive attitude towards open peer review when this consists of making reviews available alongside published articles. Researchers are more negative about revealing the identity of reviewers. They worry reviewers will be less likely to express criticism if their identity is known to authors. Experiments suggest that reviewers are somewhat less likely to recommend rejection when they are told their identity will be communicated to authors, than when they will remain anonymous. One recent study revealed reviewers in five journals who voluntarily signed their reviews gave more positive recommendations than those who did not sign their reviews. We replicate and extend this finding by analyzing 12010 open reviews in PeerJ and 4188 reviews in the Royal Society Open Science where authors can voluntarily sign their reviews. These results based on behavioral data from real peer reviews across a wide range of scientific disciplines demonstrate convincingly that reviewers’ decision to sign is related to their recommendation. The proportion of signed reviews was higher for more positive recommendations, than for more negative recommendations. We also share all 23649 text-mined reviews as raw data underlying our results that can be re-used by researchers interested in peer review.
Morphological study of nutrient foramen in adult human clavicles
Authors:   Professor  & HOD, Department of Anatomy, Mysore Medical College & Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka, India., Dakshayani K.R  , Shivanal Uma ,   Tutor, Department of Anatomy, Mysore Medical College & Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The Clavicle is a modified long bone and only long bone which is placed horizontally and subcutaneously at the root of neck. It transmits the weight from upper limb to the axial skeleton. Nutrient foramen is the largest foramen on the long bones through which nutrient artery for the bones passes. The nutrient artery is the principal source of blood supply to a long bone, particularly important during its active growth period in the embryo and foetus, as well as during the early phase of ossification. The bone has a cylindrical part called the shaft and two ends, lateral and medial. The shaft is divisible into the lateral one-third and the medial two-thirds. The inferior surface of shaft of clavicle presents a subclavian groove. A Nutrient foramen lies at the lateral end of the groove running in a lateral direction. Aims & objectives: To note the position, number and direction of nutrient foramen Materials and Methods: The present study was performed on 100 adult human clavicles of unknown sex and age collected from the department of anatomy, Mysore medical college and research institute, Mysore. Clavicles were examined by direct observation to note the position, number and direction of nutrient foramen. A magnifying lens was used to observe the foramina. Results: The study was conducted on 100 adult human clavicles (50 right and 50 left), and we observed the following results: Nutrient foramina were present in 97 clavicles - 49 clavicles (right) and 48 clavicles (left). Single foramina was present in 80 clavicles, 41 clavicles (right) and 39 clavicles (left) Double foramina were present in 17 clavicles, 8 clavicles (right) and 9 clavicles (left). Absence of nutrient foramina were found in 3 clavicles, 1 clavicle (right) and 2 clavicles (left). All foramina were directed towards the acromial end of the clavicle. Conclusion: The knowledge of anatomical variations of nutrient foramina in clavicles are important for surgeons for performing surgical procedures like bone grafting and microsurgical vascularised bone transplantation. KEY WORDS: Clavicle, Nutrient Foramen, Bone Graft.
Perfil dos ensaios clínicos submetidos para apreciação ética da Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa entre 2015 a 2019
Authors: Naud Ludmila
Published: February 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar os ensaios clínicos submetidos para análise ética da Conep, registrados na base de dados da Plataforma Brasil de 2015 a 2019, e comparar os ensaios clínicos nacionais e internacionais. Para isso, fez-se um estudo exploratório e retrospectivo na base de dados da Plataforma Brasil com extração dos dados de protocolos de pesquisa clínica submetidos para análise da Conep. Foram considerados somente protocolos iniciais. Os dados foram apresentados pela distribuição das frequências absoluta e relativa e a comparação foi feita em relação aos protocolos com origem nacional e internacional. Foram submetidos 904 ensaios clínicos para análise ética de fase I a IV. A quantidade de ensaios clínicos se manteve estável durante o período analisado, observando-se tendência de queda para os estudos internacionais com financiamento privado e tendência de aumento entre os estudos nacionais com financiamento público. Houve diferença entre o perfil dos ensaios clínicos nacionais e internacionais. Apesar do crescente incentivo governamental e um discreto aumento na quantidade de estudos nacionais com financiamento público, ainda existe uma enorme dependência estrangeira, que impede o desenvolvimento científico no país. Os resultados obtidos no presente trabalho podem contribuir para o debate sobre a pesquisa clínica no Brasil.
On the effectiveness of the addition of refractory clays in ceramic concrete technology (Review article)
Authors: Pivinskii Yu. Е. , Doroganov V. A. , Doroganov E. A. , Dyakin P. V.
Published: February 2021

.
Investigation of the thermal shock resistance of ceramic materials by the sensitivity of their structure to the stress concentrator
Authors: Ivanov D. A.
Published: February 2021

.
Equal extractability of various size classes in gravity separation processes
Authors: Barsky E. M.
Published: February 2021

.
Effective corrosive-erosive-resistant lining of rotary kilns
Authors: Slovikovsky V. V. , Gulyaeva A. V.
Published: February 2021

.
Combustion synthesis of sialon and nitride phases on the basis of ferrosilicoaluminum with marshalite additives
Authors: Bolgaru K. A. , Vereshchagin V. I. , Reger A. A. , Skvortsova L. N.
Published: February 2021

.
Determination of the temperature coefficient of linear expansion of materials based on silicon carbide
Authors: Perevislov S. N.
Published: February 2021

.
Intensification of foam technology by the energy of the electrohydrothermal power field. Part 4. Stages and parameters of foam mass activation by the field of internal influence of aggregate parameters on the formation of the structure of the raw material
Authors: Sokov V. N.
Published: February 2021

.
Correlation between the profile of the working surface of the diamond wheel and the quality of the ground surface of Аl2О3‒TiC-ceramics
Authors: Kuzin V. V. , Grigor’ev S. N. , Volosova M. A.
Published: February 2021

.
Modular-trigger electric furnace with distribution of local flow rates of bulk media over thermal zones
Authors: Nizhegorodov A. I. , Gavrilin A. N. , Moyses B. B. , Ismailov G. M.
Published: February 2021

.
Synthesis and study of the composition of hollow microspheres of composition NiO and NiO / Ni for thermoelectrochemical energy converters of low-potential temperature gradients of thermal aggregates into electricity
Authors: Taganova A. A. , Boychenko E. A. , Kiselev N. V. , Khaidarov B. B. , Kolesnikov E. A. , Yudin A. G. , Vikulova M. A. , Gorshkov N. V. , Kuznetsov D. V. , Burmistrov I. N.
Published: February 2021

.
Inspection results and solution to the problem of dust formation when screening hot lump material
Authors: Davydov S. Ya. , Amdur A. M. , Valiev N. G. , Apakashev R. A. , Shestakov V. S.
Published: February 2021

.
State of the metallurgy and refractory industry during the coronavirus period
Authors: Kononov V. A.
Published: February 2021

.
Cement free refractory castable. Part 7. Characteristics of castable mixes and their grain distribution
Authors: Pivinskii Yu. Е.
Published: February 2021

.
Research of the behavior of ceramic composite material based on ZrO2 fibers in the field of concentrated solar radiation
Authors: Suleimanov S. Kh. , Babashov V. G. , Dzhanklich M. U. , Dyskin V. G. , Daskovskii M. I. , Skripachev S. Yu. , Kulagina N. A. , Arushanov G. M.
Published: February 2021

.
The use of aluminothermic slags for the production of chemically resistant refractory composite materials
Authors: Satbaev B. N. , Koketaev A. I. , Aimbetova E. O. , Berdikulova F. A. , Shalabaev N. T. , Satbaev A. B.
Published: February 2021

Приведены результаты исследований по получению новых составов химически стойких огнеупорных композиционных материалов на основе отходов Ключевской обогатительной фабрики ― продуктов плавленых глиноземистых марок ППГ-50ТП и ППГ-65ТП. Высокие химическая стойкость, огнеупорность, механическая прочность, твердость и износостойкость позволяют применять их для изготовления огнеупорных изделий, бетонов, масс для защиты футеровки.
Thermal analysis of stress-strain state of surface layer of ground Si3N4‒TiC ceramics
Authors: Kuzin V. V. , Grigor’ev S. N. , Volosova M. A.
Published: February 2021

С использованием базовых положений компьютерной инженерии изучено тепловое и напряженное состояние поверхностного слоя шлифованной Si3N4‒TiC-керамики четырех систем под действием теплового потока. Установлены закономерности распределения температур и напряжений в шести выделенных поверхностях поверхностного слоя. Определена специфика формирования структурной неоднородности напряжений и микроструктурных концентраторов напряжений, приводящих к изменению структуры керамики за счет образования несплошностей.
Thermomechanical and thermophysical properties of the garnish and spent lining of the blast furnace
Authors: Zemlyanoy К. G. , Komolikov Yu. I. , Mironov K. V. , Forshev A. A. , Nikolaev F. P. , Sushnikov D. V.
Published: February 2021

.
Anatomical variations of the maxillary sinus septa of an Iranian population using cone-beam computed tomography: a retrospective study.
Authors:   Dept of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran., Heidari Ali , Salemi Fatemeh ,   Dental Implant Research Center, Dept of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran., Arefpoor Zohre ,   Dept of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran., Tajik Mohammad ,   Dept of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Dental School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Reza Soltanian Ali ,   Modeling Of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran., Ghaderi Shiva ,   Dept of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Published: February 2021

This study sought to assess the internal anatomy of the maxillary sinuses and their septa using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in an Iranian population. Materials and Methods: Resorption of alveolar bone decreases the height of the maxillary alveolar ridge. This height reduction may be so severe that it warrants ridge augmentation by a sinus lift. Manipulation of the maxillary sinuses, as in sinus lift surgery, requires adequate knowledge about the sinus anatomy. Results: Maxillary sinus septum, as an anatomical variation, may complicate the surgical procedures and increase the risk of complications such as sinus membrane perforation. In this retrospective study, 366 sinuses, 190 from females and 176 from males, aged between 10 and 65 years old presenting to the Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department of School of Dentistry at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences were evaluated by two oral radiologists. The extension of the maxillary sinuses, presence of septa, number of septa and their location were determined. Data were analyzed using the chi square test (level of significance p≤0.001). The coefficient of agreement between the two oral radiologists was calculated based on Cohen kappa. Septa were present in 40.5% of the maxillary sinuses, out of which, 31.6% had one, 7.9% had two and 1% had three or more septa; 38% of the septa were horizontal while 62% had an oblique orientation. In total, 184 septa were found in 183 patients; out of which, 91 septa were 2 to 5 mm long while 93 septa were longer than 5mm. Conclusions: Comprehensive knowledge about the three-dimensional internal anatomy of the maxillary sinuses acquired by CBCT prior to surgical procedures can greatly help to prevent postoperative complications.
Perception and acceptance of the use of 0.2% polyhexanide versus 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate in patients at a risk of developing oral mucositis.
Authors:   Bauru School of Dentistry – University of São Paulo, Brazil., Garcia Santaella Natalia , Gonçales Maiara Gabriela ,   Bauru School of Dentistry – University of São Paulo, Brazil., Oliveira Martins Lázara Joyce ,   Bauru School of Dentistry – University of São Paulo, Brazil., Margarido Brondino Bárbara ,   Bauru School of Dentistry – University of São Paulo, Brazil., Rodrigues Manzano Brena ,   Bauru School of Dentistry – University of São Paulo, Brazil., da Silva Santos Paulo Sérgio ,   Bauru School of Dentistry – University of São Paulo, Brazil.
Published: February 2021

Objective: To evaluate the perception and acceptance of using polyhexanide (PHMB) and chlorhexidine digluconate (CLX) in individuals at a risk of developing oral mucositis induced by chemoradiotherapy. Materials and Methods: This is a randomised comparative study. Participants were randomised into two groups: Group 1 (PHMB 0.2%) and Group 2 (CLX 0.12%), these groups performed a mouth rinse with the respective solutions for 1 minute every 12 hours during an antineoplastic treatment cycle. The participants were evaluated at three different times: before (t0), during (t1) and after a cycle of antineoplastic treatment (t2). Severity of oral mucositis (OM), mouth pain, quality of life (OHIP-14), oral hygiene index and assessment of the acceptance of the substances in the mouth were assessed. Results: There were 23 individuals, 12 in Group 1 (G1) and 11 in Group 2 (G2). Both groups presented with OM in all three evaluations. Reported mouth pain was lower in G1 than in G2. The PHMB had a better acceptance (p=0.012) than the CLX for the time of mouth rinse at t0. There was a lower impact in the quality of life from oral health in the physical pain aspect (p=0.019) and in social incapacity (p=0.037) in G1 than in G2. Conclusions: PHMB has the same acceptance compared to CLX and is a good option for antiseptic mouth rinse with less adverse effects
Frequency of accessory mental foramen and anatomical variability of mental nerve anterior loop in a Peruvian population: A retrospective cone-beam computed tomography study.
Authors:   Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú., Tofiño-Medina José Heberth , Arriola-Guillén Luis Ernesto ,   Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú./Division of Orthodontics and Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú., Rodríguez-Cárdenas Yalil Augusto ,   Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú., Aliaga-Del Castillo Aron ,   Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil., Ruíz-Mora Gustavo Armando ,   Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú./Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C, Colombia., Guerrero María Eugenia ,   Medico-Surgical Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú./ Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú.
Published: February 2021

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of accessory mental foramen (AMF) and anatomical variants of the mental nerve anterior loop using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a Peruvian population. Material and methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated 80 hemi-mandibles from 40 subjects using CBCT. The sample included 38 females and 42 males, with an average age of 25±4.45 years. A 3D multi-planar reconstruction was performed to identify the location and presence of accessory mental foramina, their morphological characteristics (oval or circular), their position with respect to the mental foramen (MF), anterior loop (AL) path and other anatomical landmarks including lengths and angles. Statistical analyses included chi square and t-tests. The significance level was p<0.05. Results: The frequency of AMF was 17% and the average distance AL-MF was 4.76±1.97mm. The measurements of the anterior border of AL and MF to the inferior mandibular border showed significant differences according to the sex (p<0.001 and p=0.009, respectively). Conclusion: The AMF prevalence was approximately 17%. There is no association between the AMF position and its morphology, sex or side evaluated. The distances from the anterior border of the AL and from the inferior border of the MF to the inferior mandibular border were greater in males. These findings should be considered when planning implant or mini-implant placement in this region.
Dental stem cells and their application in dentistry.
Authors:   Facultad de Odontología, Universidad San Martín de Porres. Chiclayo, Perú. Escuela de Odontología, Universidad Particular de Chiclayo. Chiclayo, Perú. Centro de Salud Odontológico San Mateo. Trujillo, Perú., Arbildo-Vega Heber , Cruzado-Oliva Fredy ,   Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo. Trujillo, Perú., Infantes-Ruiz Edward ,   Infantes-Ruiz
Published: February 2021

Recent advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine offer a long-term solution through biological repair, replacement of damaged teeth or maintenance and improvement of tissue and organ function through the use of stem cells. Stem cells or also called universal cells, progenitor cells or precursor cells; they are primitive, undifferentiated, clonogenic cells that are characterized by their self-renewal capabilities and that can be differentiated into more specialized cells with specific functions. Currently many sources are known from where you can obtain stem cells, one of which are those obtained from oral or dental tissues, called dental stem cells (DSC), from where it has been possible to identify, isolate and characterize around 8 unique populations: dental pulp stem cells (DPSC), human exfoliated deciduous tooth stem cells (SHED), periodontal ligament stem cells (PLDSC), dental follicle stem cells (DFSC), stem cells derived from bone alveolar (CMHA), the stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAP), the stem cells of the dental germ (DGSC) and the gingival stem cells (GSC). These DSC have attracted attention in recent years due to their accessibility, plasticity and high proliferation capacity. Currently, DSC have shown that they can be used in endodontic and periodontal regenerative therapy, in the regeneration of dentin and bone and in dental bioengineering. Tissue engineering methodologies combined with a greater understanding of the biology of DSCs will provide powerful tools for a broader spectrum of their application in various future therapeutic strategies.
Association between chronic periodontitis and herpes viruses: A review of the literature.
Authors:   Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar, Chile, Oñate Héctor , Bravo Alejandra ,   Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar, Chile., Arancibia Carolina ,   Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar, Chile., Bustos Paola ,   Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar, Chile., Cabrera Karen ,   Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar, Chile.
Published: February 2021

Objective: This research aims to analyze the available spe-cialized literature concerning the association between Herpesviruses [Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein Barr virus (EBV), Herpes Simplex virus (HSV)] and chronic periodontitis to clarify the possible role of these microorganisms in the progression and severity of the disease. Materials and Methods: A search for scientific articles was carried out in March 2019 in the main metasearch engines: PubMed /MEDLINE, SciELO, EBSCO, and the Trip search engine, to select articles according to the exclusion and inclusion criteria. The analysis of the articles was carried out through a data matrix expressed in frequency tables using descriptive statistics with measures of central tendency, dispersion, and correlation. Results: The results of this study show that the presence of CMV, EBV, and HSV in patients with chronic periodontitis is related to an increase in clinical parameters such as probing pocket depth (PD), clinical insertion loss (CIL) and bleeding on probing (BOP), in 96%, 60% and 40% of the studies, respectively, for HCMV; 96.55% (PD), 51.72% (CIL), and 48.28% (BOP) for EBV, and 80% (PD), 90% (CIL), and 60% (BOP) for HSV. The average prevalence of EBV, HCMV, and HSV was 46.3%, 35.4%, and 40.1%, respectively. Conclusions: EBV, CMV, and HSV could be associated with the progression and severity of periodontal disease as they are related to a greater probing depth, greater clinical insertion loss, and greater bleeding on probing. EBV presented a higher prevalence in the reviewed literature. More clinical studies are needed to verify a direct relationship between EBV, HSV, CMV, and periodontal disease, to confirm the trends observed in this work.
HIGH VOLTAGE MONITORING OF GEOMAGNETIC INDUCED CURRENTS
Authors:   Kamchatka State Technical University, Sivokon V.P. ,   Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Radio Wave Propagation
Published: February 2021

Within the framework of the national project “Digital economy of the Russian Federation” the Ministry of energy of the Russian Federation is implementing the departmental project “unified technical policy – relia-bility of power supply”. The main objectives of the departmental project are aimed at implementing risk-based management, improving the level of reliability of energy supply to consumers. One of the risk factors for pow-er supply systems is a natural phenomenon caused by ionospheric-magnetospheric connections – geomagnetic-induced currents. The proposed method for assessing these risks is based on the registration of higher harmon-ics in high-voltage power lines, which makes it possible to improve the accuracy of diagnostics of geomagnet-ic-induced currents by reducing the influence of the network's own harmonics. The choice of the optimal even harmonic number for diagnostics is theoretically shown and experimentally confirmed. A contactless method for obtaining information about variations of higher harmonic components in high-voltage power lines is pro-posed and tested. The degree of the 6th harmonics correlation in 220 kV power transmission lines of Mutnovskaya Geothermal Power Plant with the Earth's magnetic field variations obtained at the observatory “Paratunka” (Paratunka village, Kamchatsky Krai) was experimentally investigated.
Analysis of chemical-metallurgical agglomeration processes during charge sintering
Authors: Bobkov V. I. , Dli M. I. , Sokolov A. M. , Rubin Y. B.
Published: February 2021

Thermally activated chemical and metallurgical processes of lumping of fine-dispersed iron ore raw material during sintering are examined in the work. The following processes are included: moisture removal, ignition of coke fines and burn-off of carbonates, taking into account burning features of coke fines, fusion of grain charge, forming of agglomeration cake, creation of overhumidification area in sintering layer owing to condensation of water vapours in washout of heat-carrying gas. Parameters of sintering kinetics are obtained experimentally, other parameters characterizing layer shrinkage of sintering charge are presented. It was established that the temperature in the sintering area has substantial effect on shrinkage. The presented temperature relationship describes experimental data with sufficient precision. The values of power exchange coefficients in the drying area are examined. The criteria equations of heat and mass exchange are presented. The mathematical model using empiric material is proposed; it describes sintering kinetics for agglomeration charge, taking into account layer shrinkage and variation of head losses in technological areas of fusion and forming of ready agglomerate, what corresponds well with the experimental data. Multi-factor relationship between chemical and metallurgical processes (from one side) and heat and mass exchange in the sintering layer of agglomeration charge (from other side) is noted. Adequacy of mathematical models allows to use them for analysis of high-efficient conditions of agglomerate fabrication. The research was conducted under financial support of the Russian Foundation of Basic Research (RFFI within the framework of the scientific project No. 18-29-24094 МК and in accordance with the State assignment, the project No. FSWF-2020-0019.
Improvement of mechanical properties of iron castings via adjusting of solidification rate
Authors: Gabelchenko N. I. , Belov A. A. , Kidalov N. A. , Gabelchenko A. I.
Published: February 2021

The work is devoted to improvement of mechanical properties of iron castings via adjusting of the cooling rate without introduction of alloying additives. The new technological solution is suggested; it can be easily adapted to a casting technology. This solution is based on variation of the cooling rate of iron castings within structurally sensitive solidification intervals. For this purpose, the casting mould was initially cooled after pouring, then heated and cooled again. Cooling of the mould during the period of primary austenite crystal forming led to increase of dendrite crystallization rate and was executed using compressed air. Retarding of the cooling rate during the period of eutectic transformation was provided by the mould heating via burning of exothermic carbon-containing additives introduced in a facing layer of sand-clay moulding mix. Burning reaction is accompanied by heat extraction, what steeply retarded the cooling rate within the interval of eutectic transformation. Consequent acceleration of castings cooling within the interval of eutectoid transformation was achieved via repeated air blowing through a worked reaction layer. Adjusted cooling of iron castings allowed to provide the most favourable solidification conditions, taking into account strictly individual requirements for each structurally sensitive temperature intervals. It led to increase of a volumetric part of primary austenite dendrite crystals, to decrease of eutectic transformation overcooling degree, to forming of graphite eutectics and enlargement of dispersity of pearlite component in iron. Consequently, lowering of widespread iron castings rejects takes place, among them chilling, with simultaneous improvement of metal mechanical properties. As a result, the primary and real structures were varied, what had a positive effect on mechanical properties of casting metal. It is shown that use of solidification rate adjustment led to essential increase of metal tensile strength for the experimental casting.
Relationship of the method of obtaining the original billet with the accuracy of manufacturing of the extended axisymmetric bodies
Authors: Yamnikov A. S. , Rodionova E. N. , Matveev I. A.
Published: February 2021

A comparative description of the technology for producing blanks for the artillery shell cases or the rocket shell bodies using flat rolled stock or rolled tubular products is given. It is noted that the lower cost of flat rolled stock leads to its wider application for stamping blanks of cartridge caps or bodies, including cutting a circle from flat rolled stock, convolution and several transitions of drawing, alternating with heat treatment. It is noted that the disadvantage of this technology are the errors in the shape of the blanks, amounting to 0.75÷1.5 of the tolerance for diametrical dimensions. When machining, these errors decrease according to the laws of copying the errors, however, the anisotropy of the material of the part blank leads to the appearance of errors in the shape-ovality and curvature of the pipe, which lead to the formation of a large radial runout of the prefabricated rocket body. It has been found that the scattering fields of all output quality parameters exceed the existing tolerances: radial runout of the assembled body by 1.3 times; ovality of the middle centering bulge by 2.15 times. It is shown that the technological process of manufacturing prefabricated housings using initial blanks from flat rolled stock does not provide the required precision technology reliability. For the manufacture of monolithic extended axisymmetric bodies, hot-rolled thickwalled pipes are used as an initial billet. The operations are performed in the following sequence: cutting pipes into dimensional workpieces; machining (turning, boring); heat treatment (quenching, tempering); machining (fine turning, boring); rotary drawing (first and second transitions); crimping the thickening; low temperature annealing. Statistical studies have found a regression equation showing at a confidence level β = 0.95, dependence of the diameter of the base hole of the workpiece after drawing in from the current value of the diameter before drawing.