bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inverse Opale aus responsiven Hydrogelen für die Detektion von Makromolekülen
Authors: Couturier Jean‐Philippe , Sütterlin Martin , Laschewsky André , Hettrich Cornelia , Wischerhoff Erik
Published: April 2015

Doppelt responsive Hydrogele in Form inverser Opale ermöglichen neue autonome Sensorsysteme für (Bio)‐Makromoleküle, indem ein analytinduzierter Phasenübergang die Strukturfarbe des Opals ändert. Die auf Oligo(ethylenglycol)‐Makromonomeren basierenden thermoresponsiven Systeme enthalten Comonomere mit diversen Erkennungseinheiten. Andocken eines Analyten verschiebt die Temperatur des Volumenphasenübergangs vom LCST‐Typ und induziert durch die spezifische Erkennung ein Quellen des Hydrogels. Dies verschiebt die Lage der optischen Bragg‐Bande bis weit über 100 nm und erlaubt die Detektion mit einfachen optischen Methoden. Dabei fördert die inverse Opalstruktur die effektive Diffusion auch von makromolekularen Analyten, wie von Glycopolymeren und Proteinen, im photonischen Kristall. Das variable Systemdesign liefert eine breit anpassbare Plattform für die Entwicklung von einfach zu verwendenden, schnellen und preisgünstigen Sensoren für Pathogene.
A Phosphorylation‐Induced Turn Defines the Alzheimer’s Disease AT8 Antibody Epitope on the Tau Protein
Authors: Gandhi Neha S. , Landrieu Isabelle , Byrne Cillian , Kukic Predrag , Amniai Laziza , Cantrelle François‐Xavier , Wieruszeski Jean‐Michel , Mancera Ricardo L. , Jacquot Yves , Lippens Guy
Published: April 2015

Post mortem biochemical staging of Alzheimer’s disease is currently based on immunochemical analysis of brain slices with the AT8 antibody. The epitope of AT8 is described around the pSer202/pThr205 region of the hyperphosphorylated form of the neuronal protein tau. In this study, NMR spectroscopy was used to precisely map the AT8 epitope on phosphorylated tau, and derive its defining structural features by a combination of NMR analyses and molecular dynamics. A particular turn conformation is stabilized by a hydrogen bond of the phosphorylated Thr205 residue to the amide proton of Gly207, and is further stabilized by the two Arg residues opposing the pSer202/pThr205.
Cu–N Dopants Boost Electron Transfer and Photooxidation Reactions of Carbon Dots
Authors: Wu Wenting , Zhan Liying , Fan Weiyu , Song Jizhong , Li Xiaoming , Li Zhongtao , Wang Ruiqin , Zhang Jinqiang , Zheng Jingtang , Wu Mingbo , Zeng Haibo
Published: April 2015

The broadband light‐absorption ability of carbon dots (CDs) has inspired their application in photocatalysis, however this has been impeded by poor electron transfer inside the CDs. Herein, we report the preparation of Cu–N‐doped CDs (Cu‐CDs) and investigate both the doping‐promoted electron transfer and the performance of the CDs in photooxidation reactions. The Cu–N doping was achieved through a one‐step pyrolytic synthesis of CDs with Na2[Cu(EDTA)] as precursor. As confirmed by ESR, FTIR, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopies, the Cu species chelates with the carbon matrix through Cu–N complexes. As a result of the Cu–N doping, the electron‐accepting and ‐donating abilities were enhanced 2.5 and 1.5 times, and the electric conductivity was also increased to 171.8 μs cm−1. As a result of these enhanced properties, the photocatalytic efficiency of CDs in the photooxidation reaction of 1,4‐dihydro‐2,6‐dimethylpyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylate is improved 3.5‐fold after CD doping.
High‐temperature‐resistant polymer gel system with metal–organic mixed cross‐linking agents
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyun , Zhang Sisi , Li Liang , Wu Ruonan , Liu Dongming , Wu Jihui , Wu Wei
Published: April 2015

A high‐temperature (200°C)‐resistant polymer gel system was developed from partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), chromium lactate (CrL), and water‐soluble phenol/formaldehyde resin (WPF) mixed cross‐linkers. Rheological measurements indicated that the gelation process of the gel system could be divided into four successive steps: induction, first cross‐linking with metal cross‐linker, secondary cross‐linking with organic cross‐linker, and stabilization. Effects of various parameters that affect the gelation time and gel strength including polymer concentration, cross‐linker concentration, salinity, pH, and the gelation temperature were evaluated. Gelant formulated with 0.5 wt % HPAM, 0.1 wt % CrL, and 0.9 wt % WPF and treated at 80°C for 48 h showed sufficient gelation time, high rigidity, and good thermal stability. Morphology observation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that the gel had compact network microstructure. A cross‐linking mechanism for the gel system was proposed based on the gelation process and experimental results. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 42261.
Highly Active Supported Pt Nanocatalysts Synthesized by Alcohol Reduction towards Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde: Synergy of Metal Valence and Hydroxyl Groups
Authors: Wang Yanyan , He Wanhong , Wang Liren , Yang Junjiao , Xiang Xu , Zhang Bing , Li Feng
Published: April 2015

The hydrogenation of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes to allylic alcohols or saturated aldehydes provides a typical example to study the catalytic effect on structure‐sensitive reactions. In this work, supported platinum nanocatalysts over hydrotalcite were synthesized by an alcohol reduction method. The Pt catalyst prepared by the reduction with a polyol (ethylene glycol) outperforms those prepared with ethanol and methanol in the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde. The selectivity towards the C=O bond is the highest over the former, although its mean size of Pt particles is the smallest. The hydroxyl groups on hydrotalcite could act as an internally accessible promoter to enhance the selectivity towards the C=O bond. The optimal Pt catalyst showed a high activity with an initial turnover frequency (TOF) of 2.314 s−1. This work unveils the synergic effect of metal valence and in situ promoter on the chemoselective hydrogenation, which could open up a new direction in designing hydrogenation catalysts.
Formation of Metal Selenide and Metal–Selenium Nanoparticles using Distinct Reactivity between Selenium and Noble Metals
Authors: Park Se Ho , Choi Ji Yong , Lee Young Hwan , Park Joon T. , Song Hyunjoon
Published: April 2015

Small Se nanoparticles with a diameter of ≈20 nm were generated by the reduction of selenium chloride with NaBH4 at −10 °C. The reaction with Ag at 60 °C yielded stable Ag2Se nanoparticles, which subsequently were transformed into M–Se nanoparticles (M=Cd, Zn, Pb) through cation exchange reactions with corresponding ions. The reaction with Pt formed Pt layers that were evenly coated on the surface of the Se nanoparticles, and the dissolution of the Se cores with hydrazine generated uniform Pt hollow nanoparticles. The reaction with Au generated tiny Au clusters on the Se surface, and eventually formed acorn‐shaped Au–Se nanoparticles through heat treatment. These results indicate that small Se nanoparticles with diameters of ≈20 nm can be used as a versatile platform for the synthesis of metal selenide and metal–selenium hybrid nanoparticles with complex structures.
Next generation vaccines and vectors: Designing downstream processes for recombinant protein‐based virus‐like particles
Authors: Effio Christopher Ladd , Hubbuch Jürgen
Published: April 2015

In recent years, the development of novel recombinant virus‐like particles (VLPs) has been generating new perspectives for the prevention of untreated and arising infectious diseases. However, cost‐reduction and acceleration of manufacturing processes for VLP‐based vaccines or vectors are key challenges for the global health system. In particular, the design of rapid and cost‐efficient purification processes is a critical bottleneck. In this review, we describe and evaluate new concepts, development strategies and unit operations for the downstream processing of VLPs. A special focus is placed on purity requirements and current trends, as well as chances and limitations of novel technologies. The discussed methods and case studies demonstrate the advances and remaining challenges in both rational process development and purification tools for large biomolecules. The potential of a new era of VLP‐based products is highlighted by the progress of various VLPs in clinical phases.
A rapid and sensitive LC‐MS/MS method for evaluation of the absolute oral bioavailability of a novel c‐Met tyrosine kinase inhibitor QBH‐196 in rats
Authors: Zhang Qi. , Sun Jin , Lu Tianshu , Zhang Jinling , Wu Chunnuan , Li Lin , He Zhonggui , Zhao Yanfang , Liu Xiaohong
Published: April 2015

A sensitive, selective and high‐throughput UPLC‐MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of a novel c‐Met tyrosine kinase inhibitor, QBH‐196, in rat plasma. QBH‐196 and its analog BH357 (IS) were extracted from rat plasma using a mixture of dichloromethane and N‐hexane (2:3, v/v). The chromatographic separation was carried out on Phenomenex C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 2.6 µm particle size) with a gradient mobile phase of methanol (A) and water containing 0.05% formic acid (B) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The assay was performed by positive electrospray ionization in multiple reaction monitoring mode using transitions of m/z 622.68 → 140.41 for QBH‐196 and m/z 591.19 →126.21 for the IS, respectively. Good linearity was obtained over the concentration range of 8.0–4000 ng/mL (r2 > 0.99) for QBH‐196 and the lower limit of quantification was 8.0 ng/mL in rat plasma. Validations of the method, including its sensitivity, extraction recovery, matrix effect, intra‐ and inter‐day precision, accuracy and stability, were all within acceptable limits. The established method was successfully applied to determine absolute oral bioavailability of QBH‐196 in rats for the first time. The mean oral absolute bioavailability of QBH‐196 was found to be about 40.8% and the elimination half‐life was 40.0 ± 13.1 h. This result suggested that QBH‐196 exhibits good oral absorption in vivo, which is very important for the further development of QBH‐196 as a new oral anticancer drug. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accounting for Racism Against Maori in Aotearoa/New Zealand: A Discourse Analytic Study of the Views of Maori Adults
Authors: Pack Sylvia , Tuffin Keith , Lyons Antonia
Published: April 2015

Previous discursive studies on the construction, reproduction and justification of racism have focussed on the accounts of perpetrators to the exclusion of the targets of racist talk. The current study redresses this imbalance by exploring the talk of targets of racism in Aotearoa/ New Zealand. Interviews were conducted with 24 participants, 19 Māori and five Pākehā partners. Our social constructionist discourse analysis identifies four primary discourses that participants drew on to account for racism, two of which resonated strongly with the literature and two which spotlighted new areas of interest. A discourse of ignorance functioned to allow participants to account for racism by highlighting Pākehā ignorance of Māori people and culture, and of racism itself. The second discourse implicated the media for emphasising negative Māori news, avoiding positive Māori achievements and promoting negative stereotypes. A third discourse constructed Pākehā as possessing an innate sense of superiority which contributed to racism, and fourthly, institutionalised racism was used by participants to construct a colonial society which continued to marginalise Māori. Finally we consider the implications of these findings with respect to existing literature, some implications around the intersectionality and relationship between these discourses, and the importance of potential gains in understanding made possible through the study of targets' perspectives. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variations of the Composition of the Leaf Cuticular Wax among Chinese Populations of Plantago major
Authors: Guo Yanjun , He Yuji , Guo Na , Gao Jianhua , Ni Yu
Published: April 2015

Plantago major L. grows in a very wide range of regions in China and exhibits great variations among populations. The analysis of the cuticular‐wax composition provides a potential approach to classify populations of P. major confronting different environmental conditions. Twelve populations of P. major and five populations of P. depressa Willd., distributed over regions with average annual temperatures ranging from −2.0 to 18.4°, were sampled, the variation of the composition of their cuticular waxes was analyzed, and their values of average chain length (ACL) and carbon preference index (CPI) were calculated. Great intra‐ and interspecies variations were observed for the total wax contents. The average annual temperature of the habitats was significantly correlated with the relative contents of the dominant n‐alkanes with an odd number of C‐atoms, but not with the wax contents. With an increasing average annual temperature, the relative contents of n‐alkanes C29 and C31 decreased, whereas those of C33 and C35 as well as the values of ACLtotal and ACL27–33 increased. Cluster analysis based on the pattern of the n‐alkane distribution allowed to clearly separate the populations of P. major according to the average annual temperature of their habitats, but not to separate the populations of the two species. Hence, the pattern of the n‐alkane distribution might be a good taxonomic marker for P. major at the intraspecies level, but not at the interspecies level. Nevertheless, a small difference between the populations of the two species was observed concerning the values of ACLtotal and CPItotal, implying the potential use of these indices for the classification of the populations of the two species at the interspecies level.
Fatty Acid Conjugates of Water‐Soluble (±)‐trans‐Selenolane‐3,4‐diol: Effects of Alkyl Chain Length on the Antioxidant Capacity
Authors: Iwaoka Michio , Sano Nobukazu , Lin Ying‐Yin , Katakura Arisa , Noguchi Masato , Takahashi Kohei , Kumakura Fumio , Arai Kenta , Singh Beena G. , Kunwar Amit , Priyadarsini K. Indira
Published: April 2015

Fatty acid monoesters of the title compound (DHSred), of variable carbon chain length (propionate, laurate, myristate, palmitate, and stearate), were synthesized, and their antioxidant capacities were evaluated by means of a lipid peroxidation assay with lecithin/cholesterol liposomes. The selenides with long alkyl chains exhibited significant antioxidant activity (IC50=9–34 μM) against accumulation of lipid hydroperoxide. Incorporation of the myristate into the liposome was ≈50 % by EPMA analysis. Intermediacy of the selenoxide was examined by NMR. In addition, enhancement of interfacial redox catalytic activity was observed for the myristate, but not for PhSeSePh and edaravone, in a PhCl/H2O biphasic peroxidation assay. These results suggested that a combination of a hydrophilic selenide moiety as a redox center with a long alkyl chain is an effective approach to selenium antioxidants with interfacial glutathione‐peroxidase‐like (GPx‐like) activity. The activity can be controlled by the alkyl chain length.
ChemInform Abstract: RE10TCd3 (RE: Y, Tb ‐ Tm, Lu; T: Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd) ‐ Rare Earth‐Rich Phases with Ordered anti‐Co2Al5 Structure.
Authors: Johnscher Michael , Block Theresa , Poettgen Rainer
Published: April 2015

The title compounds are synthesized from the elements (flowing Ar, 1500 K for 2 min, 1300 K for 45 min, and 900 K for 2 h) and characterized by powder XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of Tn(IV) Chloride Octahydrate.
Authors: Hennings Erik , Schmidt Horst , Voigt Wolfgang
Published: April 2015

[SnCl4(H2O)2]·6H2O is crystallized from a cold aqueous solution (53.39 wt% SnCl4) according to the solid‐liquid phase diagram (263 K, 2 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Coexistence of High‐Tc Ferromagnetism and n‐Type Electrical Conductivity in FeBi2Se4.
Authors: Ranmohotti Kulugammana G. S. , Djieutedjeu Honore , Lopez Juan , Page Alexander , Haldolaarachchige Neel , Chi Hang , Sahoo Pranati , Uher Ctirad , Young David , Poudeu Pierre F. P.
Published: April 2015

The title compound is a new n‐type semiconductor which shows high electrical conduction and ferromagnetism with Tc ≈ 450 K.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Spectroscopy of the Mixed‐Valent Boroseleniteselenate B2Se3O10.
Authors: Daub Michael , Scherer Harald , Hillebrecht Harald
Published: April 2015

The title compound is synthesized from a mixture of B(OH)3 and H2SeO4 (silica glass crucible, 265 °C) and characterized by single crystal XRD, IR and Raman spectroscopy, and 77Se and 11B MAS NMR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionothermal Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding of the Catena‐Heteropolycation 1∞[Sb2Se2]+.
Authors: Groh Matthias F. , Breternitz Joachim , Ahmed Ejaz , Isaeva Anna , Efimova Anastasia , Schmidt Peer , Ruck Michael
Published: April 2015

Dark‐red crystals of [Sb2Se2]AlCl4 are prepared from mixtures of Sb, Se, AlCl3, and [bmim]Cl (160 °C, 7 d, up to 50% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Optical Properties of a New Sodium‐Cadmium Carbonate Na4Cd3(CO3)4(OH)2.
Authors: Chen Jie , Luo Min , Ye Ning
Published: April 2015

Colorless block‐shaped crystals of the title compound are hydrothermally synthesized from mixtures of CdCl2, Na2CO3, and H2O (autoclave, 220 °C, 5 d, 80% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: GeP and (Ge1‐xSnx)(P1‐yGey) (x ≈ 0.12, y ≈ 0.05): Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Two‐Dimensional Layered Tetrel Phosphides.
Authors: Lee Kathleen , Synnestvedt Sarah , Bellard Maverick , Kovnir Kirill
Published: April 2015

GeP and Sn‐doped GeP are prepared by solid state reactions of the elements in either Bi or Sn metal flux (1223 K, 96 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Allylation of tert‐Butyldimethylsilyl‐Protected Vanillin and Synthesis of a Lignan Derivative Isolated from Machilus wangchiana.
Authors: Cadart Timothee , Koukal Petr , Kotora Martin
Published: April 2015

Enantioselective allylation and crotylation of tert‐butyldimethylsilyl protected vanillin proceeds with high asymmetric induction by using different catalytic systems.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Functionalization of Carboxylic Anhydrides with β‐Alkyl Substituents Through Carbene Organocatalysis.
Authors: Jin Zhichao , Chen Shaojin , Wang Yuhuang , Zheng Pengcheng , Yang Song , Chi Yonggui Robin
Published: April 2015

The first NHC‐catalyzed reaction of aliphatic carboxylic acid anhydrides (I) and (IV) with diones (II) and (V), as well as chalcones (VII), and isatins (IX) is presented to give substituted cyclopentenes (III), (VI), (VIII), and spirocyclic butyrolactones (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Acid Promoted Cyclodehydration of Amino Alcohols with Amide Acetal.
Authors: Hwang Soonho , Park Heemin , Kwon Yongseok , Kim Sanghee
Published: April 2015

Several types of pyrrolidines and piperidines are successfully prepared in good to high yields from corresponding amino alcohols using N,N‐dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal as activating agent of the hydroxyl groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Activation of DMSO for Swern‐Type Oxidation by 1,1‐Dichlorocycloheptatriene.
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Vinh , Hall Michael
Published: April 2015

The operationally simple method is efficiently applied to primary and secondary benzylic and aliphatic alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron Nitrate/TEMPO: A Superior Homogeneous Catalyst for Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Nitriles in Air.
Authors: Dighe Shashikant U. , Chowdhury Deepan , Batra Sanjay
Published: April 2015

A highly practical, one‐step, facile synthesis of aromatic, heteroaromatic, allylic and aliphatic nitriles from primary alcohols catalyzed by ferric nitrate in the presence of TEMPO, aqueous ammonia and air at room temperature is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Reductive Cross‐Coupling of Nonactivated Alkyl Tosylates and Mesylates with Alkyl and Aryl Bromides.
Authors: Liu Jing‐Hui , Yang Chu‐Ting , Lu Xiao‐Yu , Zhang Zhen‐Qi , Xu Ling , Cui Mian , Lu Xi , Xiao Bin , Fu Yao , Liu Lei
Published: April 2015

The first Cu‐catalyzed reductive cross‐coupling reaction of nonactivated alkyl tosylates or mesylates with alkyl and aryl bromides is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II) Bromide as an Efficient Catalyst for Acetal to Bisarylmethyl Ether Interconversion.
Authors: Mezaache Rofia , Harkat Hassina , Obszynski Julie , Benkouider Abdelhamid , Blanc Aurelien , Weibel Jean‐Marc , Pale Patrick
Published: April 2015

The simple method permits the conversion of 1,3‐dioxolanes and 1,3‐dioxanes into bis(methoxyphenyl)methyl ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐ and Isobutylene‐Free Synthesis of t‐Butyl Ethers by in situ Formation of 2‐t‐Butoxy‐1‐methylpyridinium Triflate.
Authors: Salvati Anna E. , Hubley Christian T. , Albiniak Philip A.
Published: April 2015

Primary and secondary alcohols are converted into tert‐butyl ethers using the title reagent generated in situ by alkylation of 2‐tert‐butoxypyridine.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopeptoids as Phase‐Transfer Catalysts for the Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Schettini Rosaria , Nardone Brunello , De Riccardis Francesco , Della Sala Giorgio , Izzo Irene
Published: April 2015

Nine alternating N‐substituted‐glycine and proline hexacyclopeptoids are employed in the alkylation of N‐(diphenylmethylene)glycine tert‐butyl ester.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Enamine Catalysis with β‐Ketoesters by Chiral Primary Amine: Divergent Stereocontrol Modes.
Authors: Xu Changming , Zhang Long , Luo Sanzhong
Published: April 2015

This describes different methods for the conversion of α‐substituted β‐ketoesters via asymmetric aminocatalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Route to Triethylsilyl‐Substituted Cyclopropanes.
Authors: Li Shi‐Guang , Zard Samir Z.
Published: April 2015

Radical addition of vinyl compounds (II) to xanthates gives addition products of type (III) which are converted to the corresponding cyclopropanes by ozonolysis and subsequent ring closure reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Auxiliary Induced Diastereoselective Synthesis of (R,R)‐N,N′‐Di(tert‐butoxycarbonyl)cyclohex‐4‐ene‐1,2‐diamine.
Authors: Balestri Davide , Grilli Stefano , Romano Ciro , Savoia Diego
Published: April 2015

The synthesis of the title compound (VI) is based on the highly diastereoselective addition of allylzinc bromide to bisimine (I) and ring‐closing metathesis as the key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Sandmeyer Difluoromethylation of (Hetero‐)Arenediazonium Salts.
Authors: Matheis Christian , Jouvin Kevin , Goossen Lukas J.
Published: April 2015

An in situ generated difluoromethyl‐copper complex reacts with aryldiazonium salts to form difluoromethyl arenes under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Cyclohexanediones and Dialkylresorcinols — Bioactive Natural Products from Entomopathogenic Bacteria.
Authors: Kronenwerth Max , Dauth Christina , Kaiser Marcel , Pemberton Iain , Bode Helge B.
Published: April 2015

The crucial step in the synthesis of cyclohexanediones (VI) is the formation of six‐membered ring from α,β‐unsaturated ketones (IV) and diethyl malonate, followed by saponification and decarboxylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of α‐Nitrooximes Mediated by OXONE®.
Authors: Chumnanvej Napasawan , Samakkanad Natthapol , Pohmakotr Manat , Reutrakul Vichai , Jaipetch Thaworn , Soorukram Darunee , Kuhakarn Chutima
Published: April 2015

An easy and environmentally benign approach to α‐nitrooximes from styrene derivatives is developed employing a new combination of NaNO2 and Oxone.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential Multicomponent Synthesis of α‐Ketoimides, from Acyl Chlorides, Isocyanides, and Silver Salts of Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: La Spisa Fabio , Tron Gian Cesare
Published: April 2015

The sequential three component reaction of acyl chlorides, isocyanides, and silver carboxylates affords moderately stable keto‐iminoanhydrides which spontaneously undergo a Mumm rearrangement to produce the target α‐ketoimides (IX) and (XI).
ChemInform Abstract: Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane Catalyzed Synthesis of Cyanohydrins, Cyanohydrin Trimethylsilyl Ethers and α‐Amino Nitriles.
Authors: Yaragorla Srinivasarao , Sudhakar A. , Kiranmai N.
Published: April 2015

Simple and mild reaction conditions, low levels of catalyst loading, high yields and shorter reaction times compared to existing methods are the advantages of this methodology.
ChemInform Abstract: Scandium Triflate Catalyzed Ester Synthesis Using Primary Amides.
Authors: Atkinson Benjamin N. , Williams Jonathan M. J.
Published: April 2015

The transformation of electron‐rich alcohols or secondary benzylic alcohols may be accompanied by the formation of the corresponding symmetrical ether which does not react with the substrate.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Desulfitative Cross‐Coupling of Arylsulfinates with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Cheng Kai , Yu Hai‐Zhu , Zhao Baoli , Hu Sai , Zhang Xian‐Man , Qi Chenze
Published: April 2015

The catalytic reaction is accelerated by addition of a catalytic amount of Cu(II) salts as co‐catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Asao—Yamamoto Benzannulations of Diaryl Acetylenes.
Authors: Arslan Hasan , Walker Katherine L. , Dichtel William R.
Published: April 2015

The presented cycloaddition reaction is not influenced by sterically demanding substituents, but fails for alkynes equipped with electron‐deficient aryl groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (E)‐1,4‐Enediones from α‐Halo Ketones Through a Sodium Sulfinate Mediated Reaction.
Authors: Li Su‐Yi , Wang Xiao‐Bing , Jiang Neng , Kong Ling‐Yi
Published: April 2015

The title coupling reaction involves the formation of a β‐ketosulfone intermediate, which reacts with α‐halo ketones to form symmetrical or unsymmetrical 1,4‐enediones with complete E‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed peri‐Selective Chalcogenation of Naphthylamines with Diaryl Disulfides and Diselenides via C—H Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Iwasaki Masayuki , Kaneshika Wataru , Tsuchiya Yuta , Nakajima Kiyohiko , Nishihara Yasushi
Published: April 2015

The picolinamide moiety acts as directing group for the selective formation of peri‐thiolated and peri‐selenated products.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Spiroimines by Asymmetric Decarboxylative Alkylation/Isomerization/[3 + 2]‐Cycloaddition Reaction of Azidoalkenes.
Authors: Rambla Matt , Duroure Leslie , Chabaud Laurent , Guillou Catherine
Published: April 2015

The synthesis of optically active spiroimines, one of the pharmacophores of the marine neurotoxin gymnodimine A, is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst and Solvent‐Free Cyclopropanation of Electron‐Deficient Olefins with Cyclic Diazoamides for the Synthesis of Spiro[cyclopropane‐1,3′‐indolin]‐2′‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Karthik Govindaraju , Rajasekaran Tamilselvan , Sridhar B. , Reddy B.V.Subba
Published: April 2015

The simple method provides the title products in high yield as mixtures of diastereomers.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Method for Synthesis of Polyfunctional Dihydropyrrole Spiro‐Fused Oxindole‐2‐ones via an Organocatalytic Tandem Michael/Cyclization Sequence.
Authors: Liu Xiong‐Wei , Yang Jun , Yang Chao , Han Wen‐Yong , Liu Xiong‐Li , Zhou Ying , Yu Zhang‐Biao , Yuan Wei‐Cheng
Published: April 2015

Optimized conditions allow the diastereoselective reaction of 3‐aminooxindoles with α,α‐dicyanoolefins to give the title compounds in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Dispiropyrrolothiazoles by Three‐Component 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition and Evaluation of Their Antimycobacterial Activity.
Authors: Haddad Saoussen , Boudriga Sarra , Porzio Francois , Soldera Armand , Askri Moheddine , Sriram Dharmarajan , Yogeeswari Perumal , Knorr Michael , Rousselin Yoann , Kubicki Marek M.
Published: April 2015

Novel dispiropyrrolothiazole derivatives (IV) and (VI) are synthesized under mild reaction conditions in a complete regio‐ and stereoselective manner using three‐component 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions of cyclic diketones (I) or (V) with thiazolanecarboxylic acid (II) and arylidenepyrolidinedione (III) The dispiropyrrolothiazole derivatives (IVf) and (IVg) are found to exhibit significant antimycobacterial activity and emerge as the most promising antitubercular agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Di‐, Tri‐, and Tetrasubstituted Oxetanes by Rhodium‐Catalyzed O—H Insertion and C—C Bond‐Forming Cyclization.
Authors: Davis Owen A. , Bull James A.
Published: April 2015

An efficient strategy for the synthesis of oxetane rings incorporating pendant functional groups is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Oxidative Coupling of Enamides and 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds: A Facile and Versatile Approach to Dihydrofurans, Furans, Pyrroles, and Dicarbonyl Enamides.
Authors: Li Pan , Zhao Jingjing , Xia Chungu , Li Fuwei
Published: April 2015

A facile protocol for the oxidative coupling of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds with enamides to give dihydrofurans is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Benzothiophene Dioxides with α,ω‐Diynes for the Synthesis of Condensed Polycyclic Compounds.
Authors: Tahara Yu‐ki , Gake Manami , Matsubara Riku , Shibata Takanori
Published: April 2015

The new protocol allows the synthesis of a wide variety of condensed polycyclic compounds including the 11‐membered ring product (X) resulting from consecutive reaction of tetraoxide (IX) with 1,7‐diyne (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential Ugi Four‐Component Reaction (4‐CR)/C—H Activation Using (Diacetoxyiodo)benzene for the Synthesis of 3‐(Diphenylmethylidene)‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indol‐2‐ones.
Authors: Ghabraie Elmira , Balalaie Saeed
Published: April 2015

The presented procedure offers several advantages such as good yields, high bond‐forming efficiency, selectivity, and short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Exceptionally Mild Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative C—H/C—H Arylation of Indolines at the C‐7 Position under Air.
Authors: Jiao Lin‐Yu , Smirnov Polina , Oestreich Martin
Published: April 2015

An operationally simple way for the direct installation of aryl groups at the C‐7 position of indolines is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorus‐Based Bifunctional Organocatalysts for the Addition of Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides.
Authors: Werner Thomas , Buettner Hendrik
Published: April 2015

Novel bifunctional phosphonium salts are synthesized and employed for the first times as organocatalysts for the atom efficient synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrazoles by a Platinum‐Catalyzed Sigmatropic Rearrangement/Cyclization Cascade.
Authors: Wen Jia‐Jie , Tang Hai‐Tao , Xiong Kai , Ding Zong‐Cang , Zhan Zhuang‐Ping
Published: April 2015

The method tolerates various functional groups, thus offering a convenient access to highly functionalized pyrazoles including medicinally relevant 3‐trifluoromethyl substituted derivatives [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Three Questionable Cases in the Chemistry of Quinoxalines and Benzodiazepines in the Way of the Syntheses of Benzimidazoles.
Authors: Mamedov Vakhid A. , Murtazina Anna M. , Adgamova Dil'bar I. , Zhukova Nataliya A. , Beschastnova Tat'yana N. , Kharlamov Sergey V. , Rizvanov Il'dar Kh. , Latypov Shamil K.
Published: April 2015

The reaction of (I) with Vilsmeier reagent to give (III), the reaction of (V) with aqueous NaOH to give (VI), and the reaction of (X) with o‐phenylenediamine to give (XI) are studied and earlier reports are revised.
ChemInform Abstract: ′Green′ Synthesis of 1,4‐Disubstituted 5‐Iodo‐1,2,3‐triazoles under Neat Conditions, and an Efficient Approach of Construction of 1,4,5‐Trisubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles in One Pot.
Authors: Wang Dong , Chen Si , Chen Baohua
Published: April 2015

A novel protocol for the copper‐catalyzed cycloaddition of iodoalkynes and organic azides to give 5‐iodosubstituted triazoles (III) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: 10‐Camphorsulfonic Acid ((.+‐.)‐CSA) Catalyzed Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of a New Class of 2,5‐Disubstituted 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles.
Authors: Mule Siva Nagi Reddy , Battula Sailaja Kumari , Velupula Ganapathi , Guda Dinneswara Reddy , Bollikolla Hari Babu
Published: April 2015

The title compounds (III)/(VI) are obtained by CSA‐catalyzed reaction of carboxylic acid hydrazides with different carboxylic acid chlorides.
ChemInform Abstract: A Catalyst‐Free Green Protocol for the Synthesis of Pyranopyrazoles Using Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Choline Chloride‐Urea.
Authors: Swaroop Toreshettahally R. , Sharath Kumar Kothanahally S. , Palanivelu Mariyappan , Chaitanya Somu , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S.
Published: April 2015

17 Title compounds of type (IV) or (VI) are prepared by a four‐component reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Difunctionalization of Stable Tertiary Enamides with Salicylaldehydes: Highly Efficient, Enantioselective, and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Diverse 4‐Chromanol Derivatives.
Authors: He Ling , Zhao Liang , Wang De‐Xian , Wang Mei‐Xiang
Published: April 2015

The title reaction affords a wide variety of cis‐trans‐configured 4‐chromanols.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid and Efficient One‐Pot Green Synthesis of 12‐Aryl‐8,9,10,12‐tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthene‐11‐ones Using Zr‐MCM‐41 Catalyst.
Authors: Olyaei Abolfazl , Alidoust Mona Ghodrat
Published: April 2015

A new green method for the efficient synthesis of the title xanthene derivatives via three‐component condensation reactions of naphthols with dimedone and aromatic aldehydes is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Sodium Chloride: A Proficient Additive for the Synthesis of Pyridine Derivatives in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Gujar Jitendra B. , Chaudhari Mahendra A. , Kawade Deepak S. , Shingare Murlidhar S.
Published: April 2015

The synthetic strategy toward highly functionalized pyridines succeeds efficiently for aryl aldehydes, but with significantly lower yields if aliphatic aldehydes are involved.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Approach to Pyridines Through the Reactions of Methyl Ketones with 1,2,4‐Triazines.
Authors: Wang Shu‐Wen , Guo Wei‐Si , Wen Li‐Rong , Li Ming
Published: April 2015

A new route to prepare pyridine derivatives via an inverse electron demand Diels—Alder/retro‐Diels—Alder reaction of triazines with methyl ketones is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Sc(OTf)3‐Catalyzed Bicyclization of o‐Alkynylanilines with Aldehydes: Ring‐Fused 1,2‐Dihydroquinolines.
Authors: Zhu Can , Ma Shengming
Published: April 2015

The Sc(OTf)3‐catalyzed tandem aza‐Prins cyclization of o‐alkynylanilines (I) with a variety of aromatic aldehydes gives access to furanoquinolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Controlled Regiodivergent Pathways of Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Dihydroisoquinolone Synthesis: Experimental and Computational Studies of Different Cyclopentadienyl Ligands.
Authors: Wodrich Matthew D. , Ye Baihua , Gonthier Jerome F. , Corminboeuf Clemence , Cramer Nicolai
Published: April 2015

Depending on the choice of Rh‐catalyst and reaction solvent the directed C‐H functionalization of arylhydroxamates (I) with styrenes can be controlled to yield either 4‐ or 3‐arylated products (III) and (IV) with high regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Heavier Alkaline Earth Catalyzed Ene‐yne Cyclizations: Atom‐Efficient Access to Tetrahydroisoquinoline Frameworks.
Authors: Reid Stephanie , Barrett Anthony G. M. , Hill Michael S. , Procopiou Panayiotis A.
Published: April 2015

Intermolecular alkene hydroamination may be coupled with intramolecular alkyne hydroamination, catalyzed by inexpensive and abundant alkaline earth precatalysts to provide entry to a variety of tetrahydroisoquinoline frameworks.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzo[de]isoquino[1,8‐gh]quinolines and Light‐Induced Electron Transfer in Their Composites with Conductive Polymer Poly(3‐hexylthiophene).
Authors: Baranov Denis S. , Popov Aleksandr G. , Uvarov Mikhail N. , Kulik Leonid V.
Published: April 2015

Light‐induced electron transfer from the regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) to the synthesized molecules is detected by an EPR spectroscopy technique.
ChemInform Abstract: A Phosphine‐Catalyzed Novel Asymmetric [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of C,N‐Cyclic Azomethine Imines with δ‐Substituted Allenoates.
Authors: Wang De , Lei Yu , Wei Yin , Shi Min
Published: April 2015

The first example of the highly enantio‐ and diastereoselective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine imines with δ‐substituted allenic esters is demonstrated using a chiral (S)‐Me‐f‐KetalPhos (FEC) catalyst under optimized conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Reversed‐Polarity Synthesis of Diaryl Ketones Through Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation of 2‐Aryl‐1,3‐dithianes.
Authors: Yucel Baris , Walsh Patrick J.
Published: April 2015

Fenofibrate (IX) is prepared on a 3.1 g scale.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Aryl‐diazophosphonates via Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Iodides with Diethyl Diazomethylphosphonate.
Authors: Kosobokov Mikhail D. , Titanyuk Igor D. , Beletskaya Irina P.
Published: April 2015

In contrast to aryl iodides, aryl bromides and aryl chlorides are not applicable to the presented cross‐coupling reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Xylariterpenoids A—D, Four New Sesquiterpenoids from the Xylariaceae fungus.
Authors: Wu Zu‐Yan , Wu Yang , Chen Guo‐Dong , Hu Dan , Li Xiao‐Xia , Sun Xiang , Guo Liang‐Dong , Li Yan , Yao Xin‐Sheng , Gao Hao
Published: April 2015

The compounds (I) and (II), xylariterpenoids A‐D, are screened for their activity against HL‐60, SMMC‐7721, A‐549, MCF‐7, and SW480 human cancer cell lines and they show no significant cytotoxicity.
ChemInform Abstract: Pegaharmalines A (I) and B (II), Two Novel β‐Carboline Alkaloids with Unprecedented Carbon Skeletons from Peganum harmala.
Authors: Wang Kai‐Bo , Yuan Chun‐Mao , Xue Chun‐Mei , Li Da‐Hong , Jing Yong‐Kui , He Hong‐Ping , Hao Xiao‐Jiang , Di Ying‐Tong , Li Zhan‐Lin , Hua Hui‐Ming
Published: April 2015

The title compounds are screened for their activity against five human cancer cell lines and show significant cytotoxicity against HL‐60 cells with IC50 values of 9.4 and 13.6 μM, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: An Inhibitor of the Adipogenic Differentiation of 3T3‐L1 Cells, Yoshinone A, and Its Analogues, Isolated from the Marine Cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya sp.
Authors: Inuzuka Toshiyasu , Yamamoto Keita , Iwasaki Arihiro , Ohno Osamu , Suenaga Kiyotake , Kawazoe Yoshinori , Uemura Daisuke
Published: April 2015

Yoshinone A (I) and the diastereomeric yoshinones B1 and B2 (II) are evaluated towards their adipogenic differentiation of 3T3‐L1 cells with (I) showing potential as a novel lead compound for treatment of obesity.
ChemInform Abstract: Uncovering Structure‐Activity Relationships in Manganese‐Oxide‐Based Heterogeneous Catalysts for Efficient Water Oxidation
Authors: Indra Arindam , Menezes Prashanth W. , Driess Matthias
Published: April 2015

Review: [62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photon Conversion in Lanthanide‐Doped Powder Phosphors: Concepts and Applications
Authors: Maciel Glauco S. , Rakov Nikifor
Published: April 2015

Review: [67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Properties Near Magnetic Instability of Heavy‐Electron Compounds Ce3M4Sn13 and La3M4Sn13, with M: Co, Rh and Ru
Authors: Slebarski Andrzej
Published: April 2015

Review: 32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multifunctional Material: Bistable Metal—Cyanide Polymer of Rubidium Manganese Hexacyanoferrate
Authors: Tokoro Hiroko , Ohkoshi Shin‐ichi
Published: April 2015

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dibenzosiloles and 12H‐Indololo[3,2‐d]naphtho[1,2‐b][1]siloles: Exploration of Organic Chromophores Exhibiting Efficient Solid‐State Fluorescence
Authors: Shimizu Masaki
Published: April 2015

Review: [31 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Peroxide‐Mediated Selective Cleavage of [60]Fullerene Skeleton Bonds: Towards the Synthesis of Open‐Cage Fulleroid C55O5
Authors: Gan Liangbing
Published: April 2015

Review: [49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Catalyzed Cascade Reactions: Useful Synthetic Tools for the Preparation of Polycyclic Arenes
Authors: Feng Chieh‐Ning , Hsieh Ya‐Chu , Wu Yao‐Ting
Published: April 2015

Review: [79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Sumanene
Authors: Amaya Toru , Hirao Toshikazu
Published: April 2015

Review: [synthesis, structure, dynamics, derivatization, complexation, charge carrier mobility, and conversion of sumanene to graphitic carbons; 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stable π‐Extended p‐Quinodimethanes: Synthesis and Tunable Ground States
Authors: Zeng Zebing , Wu Jishan
Published: April 2015

Review: [18 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biological and Pharmacological Activities of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids
Authors: He Maomao , Qu Chunrong , Gao Oude , Hu Xianming , Hong Xuechuan
Published: April 2015

Review: data since 2005; 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Profiles To Different Thiadiazolopyrimidines
Authors: Abdel‐Wahab Bakr F. , Mohamed Hanan A.
Published: April 2015

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenanthrene Derivatives for Synthesis and Applications in Medicinal Chemistry: A Review
Authors: de Azeredo Sirlene Oliveira Francisco , Figueroa‐Villar Jose Daniel
Published: April 2015

Review: 38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Value‐Addition of Methane via Selective Catalytic Oxidation
Authors: Karoshi Gourishankar , Kolar Praveen , Shah Sanjay B. , Gilleskie Gary
Published: April 2015

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Arylation via C‐H Activation
Authors: Sharma Upendra , Modak Atanu , Maity Soham , Maji Arun , Maiti Debabrata
Published: April 2015

Review: 174 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Review on Synthesis of Pyrazoles and Pyrazolines
Authors: Elkanzi N. A. A.
Published: April 2015

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Osmium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Chelucci Giorgio , Baldino Salvatore , Baratta Walter
Published: April 2015

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyfluorinated Ethanes as Versatile Fluorinated C2‐Building Blocks for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Nenajdenko Valentine G. , Muzalevskiy Vasiliy M. , Shastin Aleksey V.
Published: April 2015

Review: 872 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific and Stereoselective Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Glasspoole Ben W. , Keske Erik C. , Crudden Cathleen M.
Published: April 2015

Review: 115 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(0)‐Catalyzed Carboiodination: Early Developments and Recent Advances
Authors: Petrone David A. , Le Christine M. , Newman Stephen G. , Lautens Mark
Published: April 2015

Review: 172 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Formation of C‐O and C‐S Bonds
Authors: Stambuli James P.
Published: April 2015

Review: 87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron and Hydrogen Transfer in Organic Photochemical Reactions
Authors: Hoffmann Norbert
Published: April 2015

Review: 268 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Frustrated Lewis Pairs: From Concept to Catalysis
Authors: Stephan Douglas W.
Published: April 2015

Review: 109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed C—C Bond‐Forming Reactions via Chelation‐Assisted C—H Activation
Authors: Yoshikai Naohiko
Published: April 2015

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of a Novel Surface Elemental Analysis Methodology: X‐Ray‐Aided Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy (XANAM)
Authors: Suzuki Shushi
Published: April 2015

Review: 127 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Artificial Photosynthesis for Sustainable Fuel and Chemical Production
Authors: Kim Dohyung , Sakimoto Kelsey K. , Hong Dachao , Yang Peidong
Published: April 2015

Review: [55 refs.
Convergence of lemniscal and local excitatory inputs on large GABAergic tectothalamic neurons
Authors: Ito Tetsufumi , Hioki Hiroyuki , Sohn Jaerin , Okamoto Shinichiro , Kaneko Takeshi , Iino Satoshi , Oliver Douglas L.
Published: April 2015

Large GABAergic (LG) neurons form a distinct cell type in the inferior colliculus (IC), identified by the presence of dense VGLUT2‐containing axosomatic terminals. Although some of the axosomatic terminals originate from local and commissural IC neurons, it has been unclear whether LG neurons also receive axosomatic inputs from the lower auditory brainstem nuclei, i.e., cochlear nuclei (CN), superior olivary complex (SOC), and nuclei of the lateral lemniscus (NLL). In this study we injected recombinant viral tracers that force infected cells to express GFP in a Golgi‐like manner into the lower auditory brainstem nuclei to determine whether these nuclei directly innervate LG cell somata. Labeled axons from CN, SOC, and NLL terminated as excitatory axosomatic endings, identified by colabeling of GFP and VGLUT2, on single LG neurons in the IC. Each excitatory axon made only a few axosomatic contacts on each LG neuron. Inputs to a single LG cell are unlikely to be from a single brainstem nucleus, since lesions of individual nuclei failed to eliminate most VGLUT2‐positive terminals on the LG neurons. The estimated number of inputs on a single LG cell body was almost proportional to the surface area of the cell body. Double injections of different viruses into IC and a brainstem nucleus showed that LG neurons received inputs from both. These results demonstrated that both ascending and intrinsic sources converge on the LG somata to control inhibitory tectothalamic projections. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:2277–2296, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential modification of cortical and thalamic projections to cat primary auditory cortex following early‐ and late‐onset deafness
Authors: Chabot Nicole , Butler Blake E. , Lomber Stephen G.
Published: April 2015

Following sensory deprivation, primary somatosensory and visual cortices undergo crossmodal plasticity, which subserves the remaining modalities. However, controversy remains regarding the neuroplastic potential of primary auditory cortex (A1). To examine this, we identified cortical and thalamic projections to A1 in hearing cats and those with early‐ and late‐onset deafness. Following early deafness, inputs from second auditory cortex (A2) are amplified, whereas the number originating in the dorsal zone (DZ) decreases. In addition, inputs from the dorsal medial geniculate nucleus (dMGN) increase, whereas those from the ventral division (vMGN) are reduced. In late‐deaf cats, projections from the anterior auditory field (AAF) are amplified, whereas those from the DZ decrease. Additionally, in a subset of early‐ and late‐deaf cats, area 17 and the lateral posterior nucleus (LP) of the visual thalamus project concurrently to A1. These results demonstrate that patterns of projections to A1 are modified following deafness, with statistically significant changes occurring within the auditory thalamus and some cortical areas. Moreover, we provide anatomical evidence for small‐scale crossmodal changes in projections to A1 that differ between early‐ and late‐onset deaf animals, suggesting that potential crossmodal activation of primary auditory cortex differs depending on the age of deafness onset. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:2297–2320, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fault‐tolerant mixed /passive synchronization for delayed chaotic neural networks with sampled‐data control
Authors: Su Lei , Shen Hao
Published: April 2015

This article is concerned with the fault‐tolerant mixed/passive synchronization problem for chaotic neural networks by sampled‐data control scheme. The objective is focused on the design of a reliable controller such that the mixed/passivity performance level of the resulting synchronization error system is ensured in the presence of actuator failures. A time‐dependent Lyapunov functional and an improved reciprocally convex approach combined with a novel integral inequality are applied to optimize the availability of the information on the actual sampling pattern. Then, some sufficient conditions of mixed/passivity performance analysis for the synchronization error systems are derived. A desired reliable sampled‐data controller is designed by solving the optimization problems. Finally, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a practical chaotic neural networks is provided. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 246–259, 2016