bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endothelial Leptin Receptor Deletion Promotes Cardiac Autophagy and Angiogenesis Following Pressure Overload by Suppressing Akt/mTOR Signaling
Authors: Gogiraju Rajinikanth , Hubert Astrid , Fahrer Jörg , Straub Beate K. , Brandt Moritz , Wenzel Philip , Münzel Thomas , Konstantinides Stavros , Hasenfuss Gerd , Schäfer Katrin
Published: January 2019

Background:

Cardiac remodeling is modulated by overnutrition or starvation. The adipokine leptin mediates energy balance between adipose tissue and brain. Leptin and its receptors are expressed in the heart.

Methods and Results:

To examine the importance of endothelial leptin signaling in cardiac hypertrophy, transverse aortic constriction was used in mice with inducible endothelium-specific deletion of leptin receptors (End.LepR-KO) or littermate controls (End.LepR-WT). End.LepR-KO was associated with improved left ventricular function (fractional shortening, 28.4% versus 18.8%;
P
=0.0114), reduced left ventricular dilation (end-systolic inner left ventricular diameter, 3.59 versus 4.08 mm;
P
=0.0188) and lower heart weight (133 versus 173 mg;
P
<0.0001) 20 weeks after transverse aortic constriction. Histology and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed reduced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription) activation was reduced, and Akt (protein kinase B) and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) phosphorylation after transverse aortic constriction were blunted in End.LepR-KO hearts. Elevated LC3 (microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3)-I/-II conversion (
P
=0.0041) and increased (LC3II-positive) endothelial cells (
P
=0.0042) in banded hearts of End.LepR-KO mice suggested improved cardiac angiogenesis because of activated autophagy. Microscopy confirmed autophagosome accumulation after genetic or small interfering RNA-mediated LepR downregulation. Enhanced sprouting angiogenesis was observed in endothelial cells (
P
<0.0001) and aortic rings (
P
=0.0060) from End.LepR-KO mice, and murine and human endothelial sprouting angiogenesis was reduced after mTOR inhibition using rapamycin or autophagy inhibition using 3-methyladenine. Banded End.LepR-KO mouse hearts exhibited less apoptosis (
P
=0.0218), inflammation (
P
=0.0251), and fibrosis (
P
=0.0256). Reduced endothelial autophagy was also observed in myocardial biopsies of heart failure patients with cardiac fibrosis.

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that endothelial leptin signaling contributes to cardiac fibrosis and functional deterioration by suppressing endothelial autophagy and promoting endothelial dysfunction in a chronic pressure overload model.
Steps per Day and Arterial Stiffness
Authors: Cavero-Redondo Iván , Tudor-Locke Catrine , Álvarez-Bueno Celia , Cunha Pedro G. , Aguiar Elroy J. , Martínez-Vizcaíno Vicente
Published: January 2019

Arterial stiffness has emerged as an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, objectively monitored steps per day is widely perceived to be beneficial for controlling health risk factors, and for preventing morbidity and mortality. The aim of this review was to determine the relationship between steps per day and arterial stiffness, as measured by its reference standard, pulse wave velocity (PWv). We systematically searched for cross-sectional data from studies addressing the association between steps per day and PWv. The DerSimonian and Laird method was used to compute pooled estimates of correlation and their respective 95% CI. Additionally, we used a regression model to estimate the pooled mean PWv by categories of physical activity behavior: sedentary <5000; low active 5000 to 7499; active 7500 to 9999; and highly active 10 000+. Twenty published studies were included in the systematic review, but only 10 studies in adults and older adults could be incorporated in the meta-analysis. Steps per day was inversely correlated with arterial stiffness measured by PWv in adults and older adults (r=−0.18; 95% CI: −0.27 to −0.10;
P
<0.001), with substantial heterogeneity (
I
2
=77.9%;
P
<0.001). The regression model showed that the pooled PWv was lower with a corresponding higher level of steps per day, influenced primarily by low PWv values for the highly active lifestyle category (
P
trend
=0.005). This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates a clinically meaningful association between objectively monitored steps per day and PWv, an accepted indicator of arterial stiffness and an early subclinical risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

Systematic Review Registration—

PROSPERO CRD42018088228.
A contribution to the genus Lomelosia (Caprifoliaceae: Dipsacoideae) in Iran
Authors: RANJBAR MASSOUD , RANJBAR ZAHRA
Published: January 2019

The genus Lomelosia Rafinesque (1836: 95) belongs to the family Caprifoliaceae (Dipsacales) and includes over 50 perennial and annual species diffused around the Mediterranean Sea, with the greatest diversity concentrated in the eastern Mediterranean and Middle East, and outliers reaching China and Japan. Lomelosia can be distinguished from the other related genera by the presence of eight pits on the epicalyx tube (De Castro & Caputo 2001).
The marine and estuarine shrimps of the Palaemoninae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) from Brazil
Authors: FERREIRA RODRIGO SIMÕES , VIEIRA RONY ROBERTO RAMOS , D’INCAO FERNANDO
Published: January 2019

This study presents the current taxonomic and distributional information of the marine and estuarine species of Palaemoninae subfamily of the Brazilian coast, totaling 13 species. It is also provided an identification key for the species.
Molecular phylogeny of long-tailed shrews (genus Sorex) from México and Guatemala
Authors: ESTEVA MARTHA , CERVANTES FERNANDO A. , BRANT SARA V. , COOK JOSEPH A.
Published: January 2019

We present a molecular phylogeny of North American species of long-tailed shrews of the genus Sorex. Our focus is on Mexican and Guatemalan species to begin understanding their evolutionary relationships and to test the validity of nominal species. Seventy-seven sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene were analyzed, including 19 specimens representing nine Mexican and one Guatemalan species. Phylogenetic analyses using parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches revealed two major clades of North American species, all within the subgenus Otisorex. The first major clade includes S. trowbridgii and southern species (S. macrodon from Oaxaca; S. veraecrucis from Nuevo León, Michoacán, Chiapas, S. saussurei from Jalisco and Guatemala; S. veraepacis from Guerrero and Guatemala). Relatively deep branches among taxa characterize this clade and suggest that their early divergence from other North American shrews was soon after arrival of the ancestral stock from the Beringian region. The other major clade includes all other North American species of Sorex we examined, with two Mexican species, S. milleri and S. emarginatus, grouped in a subclade with the S. cinereus complex. Sorex veraecrucis is not, however, a monophyletic taxon because specimens of this nominal species were included in both the major clades. The Isthmus of Tehuantepec has likely played a role as a biogeographic barrier in the evolutionary history of Mexican shrews. This study of mitochondrial variation in southern North American shrews of the genus Sorex indicates there is substantial, previously undetected diversity that necessitates a revision of the taxonomy of S. veraecrucis and S. veraepacis.
A new species of predatory Scolothrips (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) feeding on Raoiella mites (Tenuipalpidae) in Australia
Authors: MOUND LAURENCE A. , TREE DESLEY J. , GOLDARAZENA ARTURO
Published: January 2019

Scolothrips ochoa sp. n. is described from Australia feeding on mites of the genus Raoiella (Tenuipalpidae). Apparently host-specific, this thrips is unusual within the Thripinae in lacking ocellar setae pairs I and II. Moreover, it differs from other Scolothrips species in lacking elongate pronotal midlateral setae, and by having antennal segments III–IV and V– VI broadly joined.
Checklist of cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Luzon, Philippines, with six new species and revised keys to the species of Oncotympana Stål and Psithyristria Stål
Authors: LEE YOUNG JUNE
Published: January 2019

This paper provides the first faunal checklist for the family Cicadidae (Insecta: Hemiptera) in Luzon (including Marinduque), Philippines, comprising 33 species belonging to 12 genera. Six new species, Oncotympana grandis sp. nov., Oncotympana simonae sp. nov., Oncotympana brevis sp. nov., Oncotympana undata sp. nov., Psithyristria paratenuis sp. nov. and Psithyristria paracrassis sp. nov., are described. An unidentified species of Purana Distant is newly added to the cicada fauna of Luzon. Information on geographic distributions is provided. The genus Oncotympana Stål is diagnosed. Revised keys to the species of Oncotympana and Psithyristria Stål are provided.
Preliminary phylogenetic analysis of the genus Isophya (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae) based on molecular data
Authors: GRZYWACZ-GIBAŁA BEATA , CHOBANOV DRAGAN P. , WARCHAŁOWSKA-ŚLIWA ELŻBIETA
Published: January 2019

A preliminary phylogenetic analysis involving 22 taxa of the genus Isophya was conducted using four molecular markers (sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b), fragments of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) and the internal transcribed spacers I and II (ITS1 and ITS2)). Our results indicate that Isophya is a monophyletic group with the exception of one species, I. bivittata. The analysis revealed a high level of polymorphism in the mitochondrial and nuclear genes of all species. MtDNA performs better in the phylogenetic reconstruction of Isophya than the ITS markers. Although the results show some conflict with the systematics of the group known from morphological and bioacoustic data, the study can be the basis for future reconstructions of the phylogeny of Isophya.
A survey of the Neotropical montane butterflies of the subtribe Pronophilina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) in the Venezuelan Cordillera de la Costa
Authors: VILORIA ANGEL L. , PYRCZ TOMASZ W. , ORELLANA ANDRÉS
Published: January 2019

The fauna of montane satyrine butterflies of the subtribe Pronophilina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) is surveyed in the Venezuelan Cordillera de la Costa, a long but relatively low range of mountains consisting of two parallel units, the northern and higher Serranía del Litoral and the southern, lower Serranía del Interior. The subtribe Pronophilina is briefly characterized. Twenty-three known species are listed and discussed. One new species, Eretris neocycla n. sp., and three new subspecies, Corades medeba pittieri n. ssp., Pedaliodes piletha costae n. ssp. and Pedaliodes manis ivica n. ssp., are described. Ten lectotypes are designated. Thiemeia phoronea obscurata Krüger is reinstated as a valid subspecies, based on female characters. Faunal affinities and local endemism ratio are evaluated. Alpha-diversity is discussed and compared with that of other South American ranges. Two elevational species assemblages are identified, lower and upper, the latter confined to the Serranía del Litoral.
A new species and key for Rhaphiomidas Osten Sacken (Diptera: Mydidae)
Authors: VAN DAM MATTHEW H.
Published: January 2019

This paper describes one new species, Rhaphiomidas ballmeri sp. nov. from Sonora state, Mexico. A new key is provided for males of this genus to aid in their identification.
A new species of Buenoa (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from the Pacific coast of Colombia, with a key to males of notonectids of Colombia
Authors: PADILLA-GIL DORA N.
Published: January 2019

The coast Pacific of Colombia is highly diverse in aquatic hemipterans. There are numerous species recently described in this area: five species of Buenoa, two of Martarega (Notonectidae), and one of Tachygerris (Gerridae), all collected in the estate Mar Agrícola, Tumaco municipality, department of Nariño, included in the Chocó biogegraphical region (see Padilla-Gil, 2010 a, b).
Heat Waves in Florida: Climatology, Trends, and Related Precipitation Events
Authors: Cloutier-Bisbee Shealynn R. , Raghavendra Ajay , Milrad Shawn M.
Published: January 2019

Heat waves are increasing in frequency, duration, and intensity and are strongly linked to anthropogenic climate change. However, few studies have examined heat waves in Florida, despite an older population and increasingly urbanized land areas that make it particularly susceptible to heat impacts. Heavy precipitation events are also becoming more frequent and intense; recent climate model simulations showed that heavy precipitation in the three days after a Florida heat wave follow these trends, yet the underlying dynamic and thermodynamic mechanisms have not been investigated. In this study, a heat wave climatology and trend analysis are developed from 1950 to 2016 for seven major airports in Florida. Heat waves are defined based on the 95th percentile of daily maximum, minimum, and mean temperatures. Results show that heat waves exhibit statistically significant increases in frequency and duration at most stations, especially for mean and minimum temperature events. Frequency and duration increases are most prominent at Tallahassee, Tampa, Miami, and Key West. Heat waves in northern Florida are characterized by large-scale continental ridging, while heat waves in central and southern Florida are associated with a combination of a continental ridge and a westward extension of the Bermuda–Azores high. Heavy precipitation events that follow a heat wave are characterized by anomalously large ascent and moisture, as well as strong instability. Light precipitation events in northern Florida are characterized by advection of drier air from the continent, while over central and southern Florida, prolonged subsidence is the most important difference between heavy and light events.
Ocean Wind Wave Climate Responses to Wintertime North Atlantic Atmospheric Transient Eddies and Low-Frequency Flow
Authors: Markina M. Y. , Studholme J. H. P. , Gulev S. K.
Published: January 2019

Atmospheric transient eddies and low-frequency flow contributions to the ocean surface wave climate in the North Atlantic during boreal winter are investigated (1980–2016). We conduct a set of numerical simulations with a spectral wave model (WAVEWATCH III) forced by decomposed wind fields derived from the ERA-Interim reanalysis (0.7° horizontal resolution). Synoptic-scale processes (2–10-day bandpassed winds) are found to have the largest impact on the formation of wind waves in the western midlatitudes of the North Atlantic along the North American and western Greenland coasts. The eastern North Atlantic is found to be influenced by the combination of low-frequency forcing (>10-day bandpassed winds) and synoptic processes, contributing up to 60% and 30% of the mean wave heights, respectively. Midlatitude storm track variability is found to have a direct relationship with wave height variability along the eastern and western margins of the North Atlantic, implying an association between cyclogenesis over the North American eastern seaboard and wave height anomalies in the eastern North Atlantic. A change in wave height regimes defined using canonical correlation analysis is reflected in changes to their wave height distribution shapes. The results highlight the important role of transient eddies for the ocean surface wave climatology in the midlatitudes of the eastern North Atlantic both locally and through association with cyclone formation in the western part of the basin. These conclusions are presented and discussed particularly within the context of long-term storm track shifts projected as a possible response to climate warming over the coming century.
Impacts of Convergence on Structure Functions from Surface Drifters in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Pearson Jenna , Fox-Kemper Baylor , Barkan Roy , Choi Jun , Bracco Annalisa , McWilliams James C.
Published: January 2019

There are limitations in approximating Eulerian statistics from surface drifters, due to biases from surface convergences. By contrasting second- and third-order Eulerian and surface drifter structure functions obtained from a model of the Gulf of Mexico, the consequences of the semi-Lagrangian nature of observations during the summer Grand Lagrangian Deployment (GLAD) and winter Lagrangian Submesoscale Experiment (LASER) are estimated. By varying launch pattern and location, the robustness and sensitivity of these statistics are evaluated. Over scales less than 10 km, second-order structure functions of surface drifters consistently have shallower slopes (~r2/3) than Eulerian statistics (~r), suggesting that surface drifter structure functions differ systematically and do not reproduce the scalings of the Eulerian fields. Medians of Eulerian and cluster release second-order statistics are also significantly different across all scales. Synthetic cluster release statistics depend on launch location and weakly on launch pattern. The observations suggest little seasonal difference in the second-order statistics, but the LASER third-order structure function shows a sign change around 1 km, while GLAD and the synthetic cluster releases show a third-order structure function sign change around 10 km. Further, synthetic surface drifter cluster releases (and therefore likely the GLAD observations) show robust biases in the negative third-order structure functions, which may lead to significant overestimation of the spectral energy flux and underestimation of the transition scale to a forward energy cascade. The Helmholtz decomposition, and curl and divergence statistics, of Eulerian and cluster releases differ, particularly on scales less than 10 km, in agreement with observations of drifters preferentially sampling convergences in coherent structures.
A Dynamic Flight Model for Slocum Gliders and Implications for Turbulence Microstructure Measurements
Authors: Merckelbach Lucas , Berger Anja , Krahmann Gerd , Dengler Marcus , Carpenter Jeffrey R.
Published: January 2019

The turbulent dissipation rate ε is a key parameter to many oceanographic processes. Recently, gliders have been increasingly used as a carrier for microstructure sensors. Compared to conventional ship-based methods, glider-based microstructure observations allow for long-duration measurements under adverse weather conditions and at lower costs. The incident water velocity U is an input parameter for the calculation of the dissipation rate. Since U cannot be measured using the standard glider sensor setup, the parameter is normally computed from a steady-state glider flight model. As ε scales with U2 or U4, depending on whether it is computed from temperature or shear microstructure, respectively, flight model errors can introduce a significant bias. This study is the first to use measurements of in situ glider flight, obtained with a profiling Doppler velocity log and an electromagnetic current meter, to test and calibrate a flight model, extended to include inertial terms. Compared to a previously suggested flight model, the calibrated model removes a bias of approximately 1 cm s−1 in the incident water velocity, which translates to roughly a factor of 1.2 in estimates of the dissipation rate. The results further indicate that 90% of the estimates of the dissipation rate from the calibrated model are within a factor of 1.1 and 1.2 for measurements derived from microstructure temperature sensors and shear probes, respectively. We further outline the range of applicability of the flight model.
Race, African Americans, and Psychoanalysis: Collective Silence in the Therapeutic Situation
Authors: Powell Dionne R.
Published: January 2019

Both historically and currently, assaults on the black body and mind have been ubiquitous in American society, posing a counterargument to America as a postracial, color-blind society. Yet the collective silence of psychoanalysts on this societal reality limits our ability to explore, teach, and treat the effects, both interpersonal and intrapsychic, of race, racism, racialized trauma, and implicit bias and privilege. This silence, which challenges our relevance as a profession, must be explored in the context of America’s racialized identity as an outgrowth of slavery and institutional racism. Racial identifications that maintain whiteness as a construct privileged over otherness are an obstacle to conducting analytic work. Examples of work with racial tensions and biases illustrate its therapeutic potential. The challenge for us as clinicians is to acknowledge and explore our racial bias, ignorance, blind spots, and privilege, along with identifications with the oppressed and the oppressor, as contributors to our silence.
The effectiveness of a computer-based method to support eating intervention among economically disadvantaged children in Malaysia
Authors: Shukri Madihah , Zin Zamzahaila , Zainol Khairi , Said Syahrin , Rajali Afiq
Published: January 2019

Aims and objectives:

This article presents findings from a dietary intervention designed to improve the nutritional knowledge, attitudes, intentions and dietary intake of socially disadvantaged children.

Design:

Quasi-experimental design.

Methods:

A total of 201 (treatment group n =  106, control n =  95) children completed the questionnaire at pre- and post-test. Data from 99 participants from the treatment group were included at 12-month follow-up. The treatment group received a dual intervention of computer-based and traditional methods for 3 consecutive weeks.

Results:

The findings show no significant differences in scores of dietary knowledge and intentions between pre- and post-measures in both treatment and control groups. At post-test, however, the treatment group reported a better knowledge score, a significantly higher intention to limit unhealthy food and a more negative attitude towards less healthy food than the control group. The results of the short-term evaluation suggest that only the treatment group showed a significant reduction in unhealthy food consumption and a significant increase in vegetable intake. Nevertheless, at follow-up, these effects were not sustained. Prospectively, however, we found a predictive effect of dietary knowledge and intentions on food intake at follow-up.

Conclusion:

Given the relatively short-term effects achieved by the intervention, it remains crucial to understand the aspects of short-term interventions that may lead to longer term effects, as well as the mechanisms underlying dietary intake among this group of children.
The stable transfer method using zero power control in the CTTS system
Authors: Seon Ho-Yun , Yang Ji-Hoon , Lee Sang-Hun , Park Seong-Mi , Park Sung-Jun
Published: January 2019

In the CTTS system, while transferring the power supply from the grid to the generator, a sudden arc arises, which causes damage to the system. The method proposed in this study reduces this damage. The power state of the generator stage is made equal to the state of the power of the grid in order to prevent the occurrence of a sudden arc. Even if the generator power state is the same with the power state of the generator, an arc can be generated due to a sudden current flow during the transfer. Therefore, the current in the generator stage is controlled to 0 (zero) when transferring, so that the generation of an electrical arc is minimized. In general, when the CTTS system is used for transferring power sources with an emergency generator, the impact from the electrical arc will be momentarily proportional to the amount of the power supplied from the generator to the load. The damage by the arc will make the life of the CTTS system shorter. In order to prevent such damage, a blocking technique using parallel capacitor is constituted. However, this causes arc generation at the time of input. Thus, in this paper, it is proposed to control the effective or ineffective power of the system to zero. To verify the validity of the proposed method, firstly the Powersim simulation was conducted, and after confirming the feasibility based on this, the actual prototype was created and implemented. Zero power control is proposed as a way to improve the stability of CTTS by significantly reducing the generation of an electrical arc. And this technique can help people working on the distributed power or the grid management.
A study on the development of an autonomous electrical safety management service using an IoT-based smart outlet
Authors: Lee Ki-Yeon , Moon Hyun-Wook , Kim Dong-Woo , Lim Young-Bae , Ryu In-Ho
Published: January 2019

At present, individual households within a multi-family residential are at susceptible to electrical accidents. As if in a blind spot, they cannot be covered under electrical safety management. This paper presents issues about an autonomous electrical safety management service which uses smart outlets to ensure electrical safety for individual households. Risk factors surrounding electrical incidents occurring in a mashup tech-based environment were analyzed and a smart outlet equipped with a prediction technique was developed. In addition to this, an autonomous electrical safety management service scenario was developed to handle mechanical failures in autonomous electrical safety devices which run on IoT-based smart outlets. By utilizing such an autonomous electrical safety management service model, technology for electrical safety security was developed for individual households or each residential unit in multi-dwelling unit. The correlation among voltage, current, and zero phase current was analyzed to identify the risk factors of electrical accidents and to predict accidents. In order to detect arc faults, a new prediction technique was developed. The technique is based on the mashup technology after analyzing waveform and FFT derived from the correlation among voltage, current, and zero phase current. In particular, the techniques applied to analyze nonlinear models such as an arc fault show the diversity in the application areas of traditional fast fourier transform (FFT) algorithms. Furthermore, by using such a technique for electrical accident prediction, an autonomous electrical safety management model was developed. Thus, a measure to ensure micro-grid electrical safety was presented. There is the hope that this development of the management technique for individual households in connection with the fourth industrial revolution would contribute to electrical safety.
Integrating the Special Studies
Authors: Wallis H. R.
Published: January 2019

“Few teachers can be artists alike in teaching music, art, library, and rhythmics. Special talent, special interest, and special preparation in each of these activities are essential.”
Teaching to Think
Authors: Kirby Byron C.
Published: January 2019

If we are to become a nation of thinkers, the art of thinking must be cultivated more persistently in the classroom.
Let's Keep Teacher Identity
Authors: Dalthorp Charles J.
Published: January 2019

Centralization and supervision are usurping many functions rightfully belonging to the teacher.
What Makes a Successful Teacher?
Authors: Lowth Frank J.
Published: January 2019

Here are presented eight factors bearing on this problem. Six more will appear in our next issue.
The Last of Her Kind
Authors: Older Leone
Published: January 2019

Up-to-date librarians may smile over this description of one member of their profession who differs from the 1933 model.
Glimpses of European Schools
Authors: Pitman J. Asbury
Published: January 2019

SWITZERLAND—Concluded
Law and Order in the Classroom
Authors: Norsted Roy A.
Published: January 2019

The author denies that discipline has been outgrown. He holds respect for authority as basic to good teaching.
The Teacher's Part in Social Reform
Authors: Burr Samuel Engle
Published: January 2019

Should moot questions of public policy be taken up in the schools? And if so, how?
The Hygiene of Teaching
Authors: Giauque Charles D.
Published: January 2019

Certain health factors are essential to the best results in any classroom.
Big Gains from Postponed Reading
Authors: Thomson Jennie Lloyd
Published: January 2019

An experiment that may revolutionize the traditional idea that reading must begin with the first grade.
When We Really Teach English
Authors: Eginton Daniel P.
Published: January 2019

Twenty more Suggestions for Stimulating and Guiding Language Activities. The first twenty were printed October 1.
My Mistakes as a Teacher
Authors: Towle Carolyn
Published: January 2019

Checking up on herself, the author discovered seven principal errors which impaired her effectiveness.
A Square Deal for Ruralites
Authors: Anderson James T.
Published: January 2019

The wide disparity between educational opportunities of the urban and the rural child challenges the nation.
Boston's Part in School Health
Authors: Sullivan John P.
Published: January 2019

A history of one city's development of health services for the children in its schools.
20 Pointers on Activity Units
Authors: Madden Ada R.
Published: January 2019

“Units will make drill periods more purposeful…… They will seldom provide all of the drill required.”
Oath-Taking is a Privilege!
Authors: Cook A. L.
Published: January 2019

The author regards condemnation of teachers' oath laws as “unquestionably the poorest kind of publicity.”
Object Classification by Four Categories of Children in a Development Town in Israel
Authors: Auerbach Aaron G. , Melamed-Cohen Rachamim
Published: January 2019

A simple analysis of variance indicated the presence of significant differences in the number of categorizations in an object-sorting task by middle-class, culturally deprived, mentally retarded, and learning-disabled children. T-tests for differences between the means revealed that middle-class children categorized significantly more than culturally deprived children, retarded children, and learning-disabled children. However, culturally deprived children categorized significantly less than retarded children, which is the reverse of the expected performance. It would appear that the teaching methods for culturally deprived children in a development town in Israel are so poor that they cannot even achieve the level of performance of retarded children.
Teaching Style: A Primary Determinant of Student Motivation
Authors: Bowen Charles E. , Madsen Charles H.
Published: January 2019

The effect of a teacher's classroom “style” in creating and/or maintaining intrinsic motivation is analyzed. Typically, research which has attempted to isolate classroom personality variables of successful teachers has not provided techniques for training teachers. A methodology for equipping teachers with techniques for developing and increasing students' intrinsic motivation is presented. The major components include pinpointing style characteristics, operationally defining these characteristics so that they can be observed and measured and utilizing techniques of applied behavior analysis in the training process.
What is Written in a Written Sentence? A Developmental Answer
Authors: Ferreiro Emilia
Published: January 2019

The results of research with 4- to 6-year-old, Spanish-speaking children, aimed at investigating the meaning they attach to the segmentation of a written sentence, are classified in six developmentally ordered categories of responses. Children who cannot yet read (in the conventional sense) nevertheless have very precise ideas about what can be found in a written text. They do not deal with the different parts of a sentence in the same manner: at first children do not expect the verb to be written; then the verb is supposed to be graphically represented, but articles are not. Acquiring knowledge about the writing system is a cognitive process that appears to be very close in nature to those studied within the framework of Piaget's theory.
Beyond the Writing Crisis
Authors: Giroux Henry A.
Published: January 2019

This paper explores and analyzes what has been recently termed a “writing crisis” among this country's youth. The author rejects the notion that the writing crisis is merely a pedagogical problem in need of simple and recycled solutions such as the back-to-basics proposal. Instead, the writing crisis is viewed as part of a much larger social crisis in thinking itself. The paper points out that while a new pedagogy of writing, one that links writing to learning and critical thinking, will not solve the larger crisis in literacy, the development of such a pedagogy will be useful in helping students to understand and to take action against the social and economic basis for the new illiteracy. Consequently, the main thrust of the paper centers around examining some of the major traditional assumptions that have shaped the pedagogy of writing. In addition, the paper redefines the nature of writing instruction and provides a theoretical foundation for using writing in the classroom as a learning tool to promote critical thinking and social awareness among students.
The Significance of Piaget's Formal Operations Stage in Education
Authors: Kuhn Deanna
Published: January 2019

Despite a relative lack of attention on the part of both developmental and educational researchers, there are some grounds for believing that Piaget's stage of formal operations is the single stage in his sequence having the most profound and far-reaching implications for education. Following a review of the existing theory and research pertaining to formal operations, some of these potential implications are explored. They arise primarily, it is argued, from indications that the stage of formal operations, unlike the earlier stages in Piaget's sequence, may never be attained by some significant number of individuals. Lastly, some obstacles to fully realizing these implications are discussed.
Equilibration and Learning
Authors: Reid D. Kim
Published: January 2019

The concept of equilibration constitutes the essential, dynamic force in Piaget's theory of the development of knowledge. The nature of the process of equilibration has been described as the achievement of an exact compensation between affirmations and negations. Three types of behavior characterize compensations to disturbance: α, β, and γ behaviors. The models of equilibration are explained and illustrated. How new achievements become integrated into ever richer, more complete structures is discussed as “equilibration majorante” or heightening equilibration. Finally, some implications the concept of equilibration has for education are presented.
Problems in Applying Piaget to Reading, or Letting the Bird Out of the Cage
Authors: Gallagher Jeanette McCarthy
Published: January 2019

The phenocopy concept in Piaget's biological model is used as a backdrop to evaluate applications of Piagetian theory to the process of reading and learning to read. Research and implications from the psycholinguistic model of reading are emphasized as more “Piagetian” than some past attempts to apply aspects of the theory to reading. Reading is viewed from the Piagetian concept of equilibration as mind to eye; some applications of Piagetian theory to reading erroneously emphasize an eye to mind approach. By studying the cognitive abilities of early, fluent readers, links between the coordination or construction base of Piagetian theory may be linked to the necessary concert of phonetic, syntactic and semantic sources in the process of reading.
Discipline in American Education: An Overview and Analysis
Authors: Hyman Irwin A. , Bilus Fran , Dennehy Nora , Feldman Gary , Flanagan Dennis , Lovoratano Joseph , Maital Sharone , McDowell Eileen
Published: January 2019

This article presents a broad overview of the problems of school discipline. The term is defined within the context of American society with discussions of anthropological, historical, legal, and developmental factors which help to frame the final section of the paper. The last section offers a framework for conceptualizing the training of teachers and presents brief examples and reviews of research of at least one approach for each conceptual category.
Can Old Dogs be Taught New Tricks or Will Sea Directors be Allowed to Monitor?
Authors: Jones Philip R. , Mooers R. Wayne
Published: January 2019

State education agencies have evolved through at least three stages: inspectorial; data collection; and consultation. SEA personnel for the most part have felt quite comfortable in the more recent “friendly helper” or “white hat” role rather than the “black hat” role of the inspectorial stage. PL 94-142 now places the SEA in a monitoring (inspectorial) phase not only for LEAs but for all public and nonpublic day or residential programs providing special education and related services. SEA standards must be enforced at the LEA level, which many existing SEA staff may find uncomfortable or objectionable. The problem is deeper, however, when the private sector, or other public sector agencies such as corrections, mental health, mental retardation, developmental disabilities, public health, and welfare, also have an accountability to the SEA. This article will present many concerns in the above areas, suggest possible solutions, and more importantly, examine the need for a new breed of SEA staff.
Procedural Due Process: The Two-Edged Sword that the Untrained Should not Unsheath
Authors: Turnbull H. Rutherford , Turnbull Ann P. , Strickland Bonnie
Published: January 2019

The issue of procedural due process is examined in this article by first analyzing the associated legal requirements of PL. 94-142 and then identifying the “triggers” which professionals and parents can use to initiate a due process hearing. Problems and unresolved issues associated with interpreting and applying due process safeguards in terms of initiating, conducting, and governing the hearing and hearing officer are discussed. The concluding section of the article identifies specific training implications and creeds of due process hearing officers.
Cueing Morality: The Effect of High-Pitched Music on Healthy Choice
Authors: Huang Xun (Irene) , Labroo Aparna A.
Published: January 2019

Managers often use music as a marketing tool. For example, in advertising, they use music to intensify emotions; in service settings, they use slow music to boost relaxation and classical music to convey sophistication. In this article, the authors posit a novel effect—higher-pitched music can boost healthier choices. Recognizing that many perceptual characteristics of higher pitch (e.g., lighter, elevated) are conceptually associated with morality, they theorize that listening to higher- (vs. lower-) pitched music can cue morality. Furthermore, thoughts about morality can prompt moral self-perceptions and, in turn, thoughts about “good” behaviors, including healthy choices. Thus, listening to higher-pitched music may increase healthier choices. Employing field settings and online studies, the authors find that listening to higher-pitched music increases consumers’ likelihood to choose healthy options (Studies 1, 3, and 5), choose lower-calorie foods (Study 2), and engage in health-boosting activities (Study 4). This effect arises because high pitch raises the salience of morality thoughts (Studies 4 and 5). The article concludes with a discussion of theoretical and managerial implications.
Routine monitoring of liver function tests in lung cancer resections – a necessary burden?
Authors: Bradley NA , Kennedy ED , Asif M
Published: January 2019

Background

Increased availability of routine investigations results in significant over-investigation, burdening patients with unnecessary tests as well as increasing cost. We aimed to identify the extent of monitoring of liver function tests in lung resections, and to ascertain whether any impact on clinical decision-making occurred.

Methods

Cases were identified using theatre records coded as “lobectomy/bilobectomy” in the three-month period 20 June 2017 to 20 September 2017. Electronic records were used to collect patient data.

Results

A total of 91 cases were included; 77 (85%) patients had 1 set of pre-operative LFTs, 12 (13%) patients had 2 sets, and 2 (2%) patients had 0 sets; 69 (76%) had normal LFTs pre-operatively; 298 sets of LFTs were measured post-operatively, with a median of 3 sets per patient; 61 (67%) patients had either normal or static LFTs post-operatively, 13 (14%) had isolated rise in GGT, 16 (17%) had derangement of ALT and AST, and 1 patient (1%) had deranged ALP. Altered clinical decision-making due to LFTs derangement was recorded in two cases (2%).

Conclusion

Clinicians have an obligation to justify expense, and practise in a cost-effective manner. Our data suggest that the routine perioperative monitoring of LFTs in thoracic surgery does not give any clear benefit to patient care.
Performance optimization of a flexible manufacturing system using simulation: the Taguchi method versus OptQuest
Authors: Jerbi Abdessalem , Ammar Achraf , Krid Mohamed , Salah Bashir
Published: January 2019

The Taguchi method is widely used in the field of manufacturing systems performance simulation and improvement. On the other hand, Arena/OptQuest is one of the most efficient contemporary simulation/optimization software tools. The objective of this paper is to evaluate and compare these two tools applied to a flexible manufacturing system performance optimization context, based on simulation. The principal purpose of this comparison is to determine their performances based on the quality of the obtained results and the gain in the simulation effort. The results of the comparison, applied to a flexible manufacturing system mean flow time optimization, show that the Arena/OptQuest optimization platform outperforms the Taguchi optimization method. Indeed, the Arena/OptQuest permits one, through the lowest experimental effort, to reliably minimize the mean flow time of the studied flexible manufacturing system more than the Taguchi method.
Location model for a remanufacturing reverse logistics network based on adaptive genetic algorithm
Authors: Yan Rui , Yan Bo
Published: January 2019

Energy saving and environmental protection are important issues of today. Concerning the environmental and social need to increase the utilization of used products, this paper introduces two remanufacturing reverse logistics (RL) network models, namely, the open-loop model and the closed-loop model. In an open-loop RL system, used products are recovered by outside firms, while in a closed-loop RL system, they are returned to their original producers. The open-loop model features a location selection with two layers. For this model, a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) is built to minimize the total costs of the open-loop RL system, including the fixed cost, the freight between nodes, the operation cost of storage and remanufacturing centers, the penalty cost of unmet or remaining demand quantity, and the government-provided subsidy given to the enterprises that protect the environment. This MILP is solved using an adaptive genetic algorithm with MATLAB simulation. For a closed-loop RL network model, a special demand function considering the relationship between new and remanufactured products is developed. Remanufacturing rate, environmental awareness, service demand elasticity, value-added services, and their impacts on total profit of the closed-loop supply chain are analyzed. The closed-loop RL network model is proved effective through the analysis of a numerical example.
The new and the old in church music
Authors: Riedel Johannes
Published: January 2019

Put off the old man, which is corrupt according to the deceitful lusts, and be renewed in the spirit of the mind; Put on the new man which after God is created in righteousness and true holiness. (Ephesians 4:17-28)
Port Said and Ismailia as Desert Marvels: Delusion and Frustration on the Isthmus of Suez, 1859-1869
Authors: Carminati Lucia
Published: January 2019

In April 1859, one hundred and fifty laborers gathered on Egypt’s northern shore. When pickaxes first hit the land to be parted from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea, not only was the Suez Canal initiated, but the coastal city of Port Said was also born. Two more cities, Ismailia (1862) and Port Tewfik (1867), were later founded along the waterway. This article analyzes the ways in which the environment of the isthmus of Suez changed upon the digging of the canal as well as the ideas that germinated around such changes. By relying on published memoirs, travel accounts, and archival documents, I explore how Western contemporaries viewed the isthmus desert and constructed narratives around the urbanization and the peopling of the area. I argue that they sanctioned the myth that Western initiative alone could transform the isthmus sands into flower gardens, thus disregarding realities on the ground.
Multifocal Synchronous Ipsilateral Warthin Tumors: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Hall Joseph E. , Statham Melissa McCarty , Sheridan Rachel M. , Wilson Keith M.
Published: January 2019

We report a case of a 73-year-old woman who presented with an enlarging superficial parotid mass, a concomitant ipsilateral deep-lobe parotid mass, and associated upper jugular lymphadenopathy. The clinical presentation and radiographic imaging were suggestive of malignancy, and the patient was treated with total parotidectomy with upper jugular lymph node sampling. Pathologic examination revealed two distinct masses, one in the superficial lobe and one in the deep lobe of the parotid gland, both consistent with synchronous Warthin tumors. Analysis of the upper jugular lymph nodes was consistent with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Although the true incidence of multicentricity in ipsilateral Warthin tumors may be underappreciated and underreported, this entity should remain in the differential diagnosis for unilateral parotid masses.
The Presentation and Management of Fibromatosis Colli
Authors: Lowry Kristen C. , Estroff Judy A. , Rahbar Reza
Published: January 2019

We conducted a systematic chart review to identify all in-fants with fibromatosis colli who had been seen at Children's Hospital in Boston from January 1999 through December 2004. We found 7 such cases, which involved 4 boys and 3 girls, aged 1 to 3.5 weeks at presentation. We compiled information on each patient's birth history, presenting signs and symptoms, significant medical history, imaging findings, management, follow-up, and outcome. Six of the 7 patients presented with a neck mass, and the remaining patient presented with neck “fullness.” Five patients developed torticollis at some point. All patients were treated conservatively with physiotherapy. Five patients experienced a complete resolution of signs and symptoms, and the other 2 experienced improvement. Based on our findings, we recommend that early management of fibromatosis colli include observation and physiotherapy to prevent or reverse torticollis and the craniofacial asymmetry that can result. Similarly attractive is the opportunity that physiotherapy provides for parents to involve themselves in the care of their newborn. It is important, therefore, to quickly identify fibromatosis colli as such in order to avoid unnecessary expenditures of resources and to promptly begin conservative treatment.