bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aplicabilidade do Mismatch Negativity na população infantil: revisão sistemática de literatura
Authors: Ferreira Dulce Azevedo , Bueno Claudine Devicari , Costa Sady Selaimen da , Sleifer Pricila
Published: July 2017

RESUMO Introdução Mismatch Negativity (MMN) é um potencial eletrofisiológico que mede a habilidade do cérebro em discriminar sons, independente da capacidade atencional e comportamental. Por ser uma medida objetiva e de fácil utilização, torna-se promissora no estudo da investigação do processamento auditivo em crianças. Objetivo Verificar a aplicabilidade do Mismatch Negativity na população infantil. Estratégia de pesquisa Conduziu-se uma busca nos meses de agosto e setembro de 2016, usando os descritores Evoked Potentials, Auditory AND Children, Event-related Potential AND Children e Electrophysiology AND Children, nas bases de dados Portal BVS (MEDLINE, IBECS e LILACS) e SciELO. Critérios de seleção Foram selecionados artigos em português, inglês e espanhol, publicados até setembro de 2016, sem limitação de data inicial, cuja abordagem do Mismatch Negativity fosse com a população infantil. Resultados A estratégia de busca resultou na seleção de 23 artigos, classificados como artigos originais. Os estudos evidenciaram diversas aplicabilidades do MMN em crianças, incluindo transtorno do espectro autista, transtornos do processamento auditivo, fissura labiopalatina, prematuridade e distúrbio específico de linguagem, sendo a maioria em dislexia. Conclusão Apesar da grande variabilidade envolvida nas medidas de realização do MMN, existe uma ampla aplicabilidade clínica desse potencial eletrofisiológico na população infantil.
Linguagem oral e escrita de crianças soropositivas para o HIV: um acompanhamento longitudinal
Authors: Guedes-Granzotti Raphaela Barroso , Fukuda Marisa Tomoe Hebihara , Silva Kelly da , Dornelas Rodrigo , Domenis Daniele Ramos , Takayanagui Osvaldo Massaiti
Published: July 2017

RESUMO Introdução A incidência de distúrbios do Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC) em portadores de HIV pode variar de 30% a 90% em pacientes pediátricos, sendo a idade, a intensidade e o comprometimento imunológico, fatores importantes. Objetivo Avaliar a leitura e a escrita de crianças com HIV e comparar com o desenvolvimento fonológico e com marcadores clínicos e imunovirológicos da AIDS. Métodos Estudo longitudinal com 26 crianças, 12 meninos e 14 meninas, que haviam contraído a infecção pelo HIV por transmissão vertical. Foram avaliadas quanto aos aspectos fonológicos da linguagem oral e reavaliadas cinco anos depois, quanto aos aspectos fonológicos e de leitura e escrita. Os dados obtidos foram avaliados de acordo com o estadiamento clínico da AIDS, carga viral e contagem de moléculas CD4, nos dois momentos. Resultados Observou-se relação entre o desenvolvimento fonológico e o desempenho acadêmico, na leitura e escrita de crianças com HIV. Não foi detectada relação entre os aspectos fonológicos, quanto às habilidades de leitura e escrita com estadiamento clínico e aos marcadores imunovirológicos da AIDS. Conclusão Crianças infectadas com HIV representam um grupo de risco para alterações da linguagem oral e escrita, que não dependem da gravidade e quadro clínico, ou do perfil imunovirológico da AIDS. Além disso, a relação observada entre as mudanças no desenvolvimento fonológico e o desenvolvimento da leitura e da escrita confirma a hipótese do deficit fonológico como uma das causas das dificuldades no processo de alfabetização.
Instruments of administrative concessions of water use rights in Spain
Authors: Magalhães Junior Antônio Pereira , Curiel Pedro Brufao
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT Most of the Spanish territory is marked by Mediterranean climatic characteristics, in which rain irregularity and droughts present continuous challenges to water resource managers. Since the end of the 19th century, the country has adopted a management logic based on flow regularization from dam construction and basin water transfers. However, from the Water Framework Directive adopted in 2000, European Union member states are forced to undertake more environmentally oriented management processes, with a focus on improving the ecological status of water bodies. In this sense, economic management tools have been highlighted in the national strategies for compliance with the Water Framework Directive requirements. One of those instruments is the public water use rights permit. This paper aims to present the Spanish panorama of this instrument and contribute to those interested in water management. The work shows that there are several challenges and problems faced by the Spanish management apparatus, particularly regarding continuity of private management of groundwater and insufficient knowledge of numerous wells and volumes of water used. For various reasons, the concessions system faces criticism as to defending the interests of traditional economic sectors.
Assessment of water-saving equipment to support the urban management of water
Authors: Silva Juliana Karla da , Nunes Luiz Gustavo Costa Ferreira , Soares Anna Elis Paz , Silva Simone Rosa da
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze the environmental and economic impacts of the implementation of water-saving equipment in residences in the municipality of Caruaru-PE as a measure of water conservation and mitigation of the drought effects that have been devastating the region along the past five years. For this purpose, eight neighborhoods were selected and their populations were estimated along the years of 2015 and 2035. Subsequently, the water consumption per capita, water volumes consumed with the use of conventional sanitary equipment and with the use of water-saving equipment were calculated, obtaining the volume of water saved. For the estimates of cost for the services and material required for the installation of water-saving equipment, tables of price compositions for budgets were consulted and adapted. The results demonstrated that it is possible to save up to 40% of consumed water only with the implementation of water-saving equipment, with a mean return time of six and a half years. Therefore, it is possible to understand that the use of water-saving equipment represents an important instrument of water management.
O REENCONTRO DOS SUJEITOS ADULTOS COM A ESCOLA: SIGNIFICADOS E TENSÕES NO ÂMBITO DO PROEJA
Authors: Silva Monica Ribeiro , Jorge Ceuli Mariano
Published: July 2017

RESUMO: O artigo resulta de um inventário realizado em 18 escolas da cidade e da região metropolitana de Curitiba (PR), que ofertam ensino médio noturno. A análise contemplou 73 alunos do Programa Nacional de Integração da Educação Profissional com a Educação Básica na Modalidade de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (PROEJA). A problemática da pesquisa partiu da identificação do quadro de abandono na última etapa da educação básica e que se vê agravado na especificidade do PROEJA. Os dados obtidos possibilitaram estabelecer o perfil dos alunos conforme idade, sexo, cor e renda mensal, além de evidenciar os motivos que os levaram a retornar aos estudos, a permanecer na escola, o que os desestimulavam e quais motivos os levavam a não desistir. Buscou-se, em face do quadro delineado, uma aproximação dos aspectos que podem levar ao abandono ou à permanência na escola a partir das vozes dos próprios sujeitos do processo.
Physiologic parameters of soybean of determinate and indeterminate growth habit subjected to levels of soil moisture
Authors: Machado Júnior Carlos Sebastião , Silva Cláudio Ricardo da , Sanches Maria Cristina , Hamawaki Osvaldo Toshiyuki , Sousa Larissa Barbosa de
Published: July 2017

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological and production parameters of soybean (Glycine max) cultivars of determinate and indeterminate growth habits, in three levels of soil moisture. Three cultivars of determinate growth habit and three of indeterminate growth, at the beginning of the reproductive stage, were subjected to three levels of soil moisture: control, moisture at field capacity; moderated, 50% of the control level; and severe, 25% of the control level. Leaf gas exchange, xylem-water potential, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a fluorescence, plant dry matter, and grain yield per plant were evaluated. The cultivars of indeterminate growth habit showed the greatest values for stomatal conductance and CO2 assimilation at the severe treatment, which led to the higher water consumption, in the morning, and to the lower xylem water potential, in the afternoon; however, there was no gain of soybean dry matter. In both growth types, the intensity and duration of the severe level of soil moisture were not able to change the chlorophyll fluorescence. Soybean cultivars of both growth habits, subjected to severe levels of soil moisture from flowering to pod insertion, show no significant change for dry matter and grain yield.
Climate change and the occurrence of downy mildew in Brazilian grapevines
Authors: Angelotti Francislene , Hamada Emília , Magalhães Edineide Elisa , Ghini Raquel , Garrido Lucas da Ressureição , Pedro Júnior Mário José
Published: July 2017

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential impact of climate change on the occurrence of grapevine downy mildew in Brazil. Seedlings containing four to six leaves were sprayed with a sporangia suspension containing 105 sporangia per milliliter. After spraying, the seedlings were subjected to temperatures of 26, 28, 29.1, 30.4, and 31.8°C for 24 hours. The percentage of diseased leaf area and the latent period were evaluated. Maps of the geographic and temporal distribution of the disease were made considering the monthly average of the mean air temperature and leaf wetness duration for the reference climate or climate normal (1961-1990) and the future climates (2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2100), considering the A2 and B1 gas emission scenarios, designed by the Intergovernamental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Favorability ranges were set and used in logic functions of the geografical information system (GIS) to generate monthly maps for grapevine downy mildew. Rising temperatures interfered with the grapevine downy mildew infections, reduced the disease severity, and increased the latent period. Future climate scenarios indicate a reduction of favorability of downy mildew in Brazil, with variability in the different grape producing regions.
Production of ornamental sunflower irrigated with oilfield produced water in the Brazilian semiarid region
Authors: Weber Olmar Baller , Crisostomo Lindbergue Araújo , Miranda Fabio Rodrigues de , Sousa Adervan Fernandes , Mesquita Antônio Lindemberg Martins , Cabral José Ednilson de Oliveira
Published: July 2017

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of irrigation with oilfield produced water on the concentration of some soil nutrients, as well as on the performance and concentration of nutrients in the roots and on aerial parts of the ornamental sunflower 'Sunbright' (Helianthus annuus), and to define the operating costs for the production of floral stems under an irrigated system. 'Sunbright' sunflower plants were cultivated in a Typic Quartzipsamment in the state of Ceará, Brazil, and subjected to drip irrigation treatments with oilfield produced water treated by filtration (PWF), or by reverse osmosis (PWO), besides a control treatment with groundwater (GW) from the Açu aquifer. The study was carried out for three successive production cycles. Irrigation with PWF modifies the concentration of exchangeable salts in the soil, increasing Na+ in the shallow layers, affecting the vegetative growth and the nutrient accumulation in the roots and shoots, in such a way that brackish water may impact operating costs and revenues in the production of floral stems. PWO has a minor effect on soil nutrients and it is not able to modify the agronomic performance of the ornamental sunflowers, in comparison with irrigation with GW. The cost-benefit ratio was positive with all types of water in the following order: GW> PWF> PWO.
Water storage in a Plinthaqualf cultivated with sugarcane under straw levels
Authors: Anjos João Carlos Rocha dos , Andrade Júnior Aderson Soares de , Bastos Edson Alves , Noleto Donavan Holanda , Melo Francisco de Brito , Brito Raimundo Rodrigues de
Published: July 2017

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate water storage in a Plinthaqualf under different straw levels during the fourth ratoon season of a sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) crop. The study was conducted in the 2013/2014 crop season, with the cultivar SP-813250, at two soil depths (0.0-0.3 and 0.3-0.6 m), in a randomized complete block design, with five straw levels (0.0, 4.2, 9.5, 13.0, and 18.4 Mg ha-1) and four replicates. Soil moisture content was monitored with a time-domain reflectometer. The straw provided gains of up to 20 Mg ha-1 stems and kept increased water storage in the soil, in comparison with the soil without straw, in all evaluated periods. Maintenance of up to 50% (9.5 Mg ha-1) of sugarcane straw on soil surface promotes better water retention in the soil per Mg of straw added and delays the reach of critical water storage in the soil by up to 11 days, when compared with soil without straw cover.
Successful treatment of post-transplant relapsed acute myeloid leukemia with FLT3 internal tandem duplication using the combination of induction chemotherapy, donor lymphocyte infusion, sorafenib and azacitidine. Report of three cases
Authors: Campregher Paulo Vidal , Mattos Vinicius Renan Pinto de , Salvino Marco Aurélio , Santos Fabio Pires de Souza , Hamerschlak Nelson
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT Acute myeloid leukemia is a hematopoietic stem cell neoplastic disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. The presence of FLT3 internal tandem duplication mutations leads to high rates of relapse and decreased overall survival. Patients with FLT3 internal tandem duplication are normally treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in first complete remission. Nevertheless, the incidence of post-transplant relapse is considerable in this group of patients, and the management of this clinical condition is challenging. The report describes the outcomes of patients with FLT3 internal tandem duplication positive acute myeloid leukemia who relapsed after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and were treated with the combination of re-induction chemotherapy, donor lymphocyte infusion, sorafenib and azacitidine. Three cases are described and all patients achieved prolonged complete remission with the combined therapy. The combination of induction chemotherapy followed by donor lymphocyte infusion, and the maintenance with azacitidine and sorafenib can be effective approaches in the treatment of post-hematopoietic stem cell transplant and relapsed FLT3 internal tandem duplication positive acute myeloid leukemia patients. This strategy should be further explored in the context of clinical trials.
Endoscopic surveillance of extensive esophageal papillomatosis not amenable to endoscopic therapy
Authors: Ferrari Angelo Paulo , Martins Fernanda Prata
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT We present two cases of esophageal papillomatosis, a very rare reported disease leading to dysphagia and did not improve after endoscopic treatment. Both patients refused surgery and they were followed-up for 3 years, but no significant clinical or endoscopic changes were seen.
Ferritin light chain gene mutations in two Brazilian families with hereditary hyperferritinemia-cataract syndrome
Authors: Petroni Roberta Cardoso , Rosa Susana Elaine Alves da , Carvalho Flavia Pereira de , Santana Rúbia Anita Ferraz , Hyppolito Joyce Esteves , Nascimento Claudia Mac Donald Bley , Hamerschlak Nelson , Campregher Paulo Vidal
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT Hereditary hyperferritinemia-cataract syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder associated with mutations in the 5’UTR region of the ferritin light chain gene. These mutations cause the ferritin levels to increase even in the absence of iron overload. Patients also develop bilateral cataract early due to accumulation of ferritin in the lens, and many are misdiagnosed as having hemochromatosis and thus not properly treated. The first cases were described in 1995 and several mutations have already been identified. However, this syndrome is still a poorly understood. We report two cases of unrelated Brazilian families with clinical suspicion of the syndrome, which were treated in our department. For the definitive diagnosis, the affected patients, their parents and siblings were submitted to Sanger sequencing of the 5’UTR region for detection of the ferritin light gene mutation. Single nucleotide polymorphism-like mutations were found in the affected patients, previously described. The test assisted in making the accurate diagnosis of the disease, and its description is important so that the test can be incorporated into clinical practice.
Enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) expression in synovial sarcomas as a promising indicator of prognosis
Authors: Yalçınkaya Ulviye , Uğraş Nesrin , Özgün Gonca , Ocakoğlu Gökhan , Deligönül Adem , Çetintaş Sibel Kahraman , Bilgen Muhammed Sadık
Published: July 2017

Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a type of soft-tissue sarcoma, often linked to poor survival. Although overexpression of enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) has been associated with poor prognosis in different tumors, a few studies investigated this link in SS. Here, we analyzed the relationship between EZH2 expression and prognostic factors in SS. We included 29 patients with SS. Immunostaining of EZH2 was performed with (D2C9) XPTM Rabbit mAb antibody, and the results were classified as low EZH2 expression (negative or weak expression) and high EZH2 expression category (moderate or strong expression). Analysis of survival in relation to prognostic factors was performed with Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Our sample included 19/29 female and 10/29 male patients, with age range 16-63 years. The tumor diameter ranged from 2 to 15 cm. Necrosis was observed in 15/29 cases. Sixteen cases had >10 mitoses per 50 high-power fields (HPFs). Out of 29 cases, 14 showed low and 15 had high EZH2 expression. Statistically significant results were obtained for the association between the presence of metastasis and necrosis (p = 0.042), high EZH2 expression and distant metastasis (p = 0.018), high EZH2 expression and necrosis (p = 0.016), and high EZH2 expression and the tumor size >5 cm versus tumor size ≤5 cm (p = 0.014). Patients with all of the following: the tumor size ≤5 cm, low EZH2 expression, and without necrosis and distant metastasis had significantly longer survival time. Our results are consistent with previous studies, suggesting that EZH2 overexpression is an indicator of poor prognosis in SS.
Hepatitis C seropositivity and RNA detection among Type2 Diabetic patients in Sulaimani Governorate-Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Authors: Hama Salih
Published: July 2017

The current study included 421 cases (221 with type 2 diabetic) and (200 non-diabetics- control group). ELISA and conventional PCR techniques were used for detection of anti-HCV antibodies and HCV-RNA respectively. The percentage rates of HCV seropositivity were (9.5%) among type 2 diabetic patients that were significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to controls. Moreover, HCV-RNA detection was more frequent among diabetic patients (5.88%), although no significant differences found with non-diabetic cases (p > 0.05). No significant effects of sex found among positive results (p > 0.05). Duration of diabetes, residence, the job type, the patient’s education level, history of jaundice, smoking and alcohol consumption showed significant effects (p < 0.05) on the percentage rates of HCV infection among type 2 diabetic patients. It was concluded that these parameters are a risk factor for HCV infection among Type 2 Diabetic patients. Moreover, diabetes itself can consider as a risk factor for HCV infection.
Relation between Mutation in BRCA1&2 Carriers and Histopathlogical Characteristics of Breast Cancer Patients in Erbil City
Authors: Hamad Gihan , Ali Salah , Jubrael Jaladet
Published: July 2017

Mutation of breast cancer susceptibility gene1( BRCA1) and breast cancer susceptibility gene2 (BRCA2) are responsible for an increased risk of developing breast cancer. This study was planned to correlate probable occurrence of sequence variant in three exons (exon 2 and exon 20) of BRCA1 and (exon 11) of BRCA2 with other clinicopathological variables like family history, grade, stage of breast cancer. Fifty breast cancer women patients which randomly selected. The age, size of tumor, grade, stage and presence of family history were measured. Pathological analysis using H and E staining method, while conventional PCR and Direct Nucleotide Sequencing Techiques were applied for detection of BRCA1 and \ or BRCA2 mutations. Molecular analysis revealed that among 50 breast cancer patient 8 of 50 harbored deleterious mutation and 9 of 50 harbored non sense mutations. The result of these experiments also revealed that there is strong relationship between mutation and each of grade and family history, but in the same time no relation was found between mutation and stage of breast cancer.
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in Houses Mice (Musmusculus ) among Different Localities of Erbil City, Kurdistan Iraq
Authors: Saida Louis
Published: July 2017

Parasites of small mammal’s (house mice) living in human areas cause a tremendous burden of vector borne disease. Small mammals infected with parasites can readily facilitate parasitic transmission to humans and other susceptible animal hosts. The objective of our study is to determine the presence of intestinal parasites in mice collected from five different popular localities in Erbil city during the period of (2014-2015). Out of total (60) mice (Mus musculus) examined, 34(56.6%) of which were infected with (1-3) species of intestinal parasites. In this study eight species of intestinal parasites were detected and identified as follow as: Four types of intestinal protozoans: Entamoebamuris 6(17.6%), Trichomonasmuris 3(8.8%), Giardia muris 4(11.7%) and Emeria sp.2(5.8%),two types of Cestodes: Hymenolepis nana8(23.5%) and Hymenolepisdiminuta 3(8.8%), and two types of mice pinworm: Aspiculuristetraptera4 (11.7%) and Syphaciaobvelata 4 (11.7%). Among total mice (34) infected with intestinal parasites, infection with helminths were more prevalence 19(55.8%) than protozoans15(44.1%). According to the multiple infections with the parasites, we found that mice infected with the single infections 20(58.8%) were higher than both double 10(29.4%), and triple 4(11.7), and about sex of mice involvement, we found that females were highly infected 21(61.7%) than males13 (38.2%). The results of the present study showed that the prevalence of the parasites in mice collected from Hayaskary were highly infected (29.4%) compared with the other localities of the study areas.
Identification of Internal Parasites in Sheep and Goats in Garmiyan Province/Kurdistan Region/Iraq
Authors: Al-Zandee Mohammed , Essa Hiwa , Jabary Osman , Al-Shateri Aram , Al-Bajalan Yousef
Published: July 2017

A study was conducted to identify different kinds of internal parasites that are distributed in ruminants in Garmiyan province, southeast Kurdistan region/ Iraq. Fecal samples from 460 animals (360 sheep and 100 goats) were examined from April to December, 2015 that includedapplying different parasitological techniques. Mini-flotac flotation method was used for the detection of nematode and cestode helminths; the sedimentation technique used for trematodes whereas for recovering lung worms and infective larvae Baermann technique was applied andculturing of fecal samples was implemented for the differentiation of free living stages. The study revealed that overall 46.52% of tested animals had been infected with several gastrointestinal helminths that were distributed between 48.05% in sheep and 41% in goats respectively. Marshallagia marshalli was by far the most prevalent parasite in the area with about 74% of positive samples followed by Nematodes like eggs including (Trichostrongylus spp., Teledorsagia circumcincta, Haemonchus contortusand Cooperia spp.) then lung worms. The majority of samples were mixed infection by nearly 76% and the rest were single infection. According to the age category, adult animals recorded more rates of infection (49.09%) than young (39.84%),while in regards tothe sex factor; females were relatively more than males (47.13% compared to 42.37%). The study suggested that susceptibility of animals, environmental conditions in addition to managing trials implemented like husbandry and density of stocking may play a role in increasing contamination on pasture and increasing abundance of parasites. Other aspects like testing anthelmintic resistance and existing control measures used by people in this area should be taken into account when research is undertaken in the future.
Relation of Blood Group, Crowding Index and Family History of Dyspepsia with Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Mohammad Mohammad , Ibrahim Hadeel , Al-Karboly Taha , Hussein Hewa , Delmany Abdullah , Qaradaghi Aras
Published: July 2017

Background: Dyspepsia is a common problem that frequently associated with gastritis. The risk of acquiring Helicobacter pylori is related with living conditions and the family's socioeconomic status. Thus, a relation between the H. pylori infection and group O blooded individuals was discovered. Currently, no published data available regarding the association of blood group, crowding index and family history of dyspepsia with H. pylori infection in Kurdistan region. So this study aims to assess the blood group, crowding index and family history of dyspepsia among patients with H. pylori infection.Patients and Methodology: Exactly One hundred dyspeptic patients with anti H. pylori Immunoglobulin G (IgG) positive underwent gastroscopy and 75 apparently healthy individuals with no dyspepsia and negative H. pylori IgG antibodies (escorts of patients) using Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay tests (NovaLisa, NovaTec). The samples were collected from Kurdistan Teaching Center for Gastroenterology & Hepatology and Ali Kamal Consultation Clinic in Sulaimani city form December 2012 to March 2014. ABO Blood groups were determined using standardized hemagglutination methods.Results: About 48% of the patients complained of dyspepsia between 1 to 5 years. A significant correlation was found between duration of dyspepsia and the titer of anti H. pylori IgG. The maximum level was found among patients with longer duration (5-15years) of dyspepsia. The most common presentation was epigastric pain (78%) followed by decreasing appetite (39%) and GI bleeding (26%). The most common OGD finding in patients was antral gastritis (59%) followed by duodenal ulcer (21%). Most of the patients had either blood group O (44%) or A (30%) than controls (17.3%, 20%). There was statistically significant (p<0.01), OR = 3.5 (1.3 – 5.2) relation between blood group and H. pylori infection. The majority (70%) of patients had positive family history of dyspepsia than controls (17.3%), with OR=10.5 (2.9 – 37.3). There was significant relation between crowding index and H. pylori infection. The mean crowding index among patients and controls were (4.4 ± 2.3), (2.1 ± 0.9) respectively, with OR= 3.0 (1.9 - 4.9). No significant difference was found between patients and control group regarding age, gender, and marital status.Conclusions: We realized that there was significant association between H. pylori infection and family history of dyspepsia, crowding index and ABO blood group.
Screening for a Single JAK2(p.V617F)Mutation Allele in Suspected Patients with Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN) at HIWA Hospital
Authors: Rasheed Mariwan , Rashid Ban , Mohammed Mohammed , Khoshnaw Najmaddin , Rashid Nawshirwan , Tawfiq Shwan , Karim Dana , Safar Banaz , Ahmad Nihayat , Nore Beston
Published: July 2017

Detection and diagnosis of the myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are difficult to predict without screening for genetic causes, including polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). A novel mutation in the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) gene has been described as a genetic marker prime for all four-types of MPNs. The specific c.1851G>T (p.V617F) mutation leads to constitutively activetyrosine kinase activity of JAK2, inducing downstream JAK/STAT pathways of cytokine signaling. The existence of the JAK2(c.1851G>T; p.V617F) mutation has a clinical importance in diagnosis of MPNs. In this study, amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) assay for a specific mutation detection was utilized, which is an Allele Specific Oligonucleotide (ASO) based multiplex PCR method. Genomic DNA samples were isolated from total blood samples from suspected MPN patients, who visited Hiwa hospital (the main teaching hospital for cancer in Sulaimani city). The aim of this study was to screen for JAK2 mutation c.1851G>T (p.V617F) on a group of suspected patients for MPNs (100 patients). The result shows that 65% of patients had indeed c.1851G>T mutation and the rest 35% of patients were normal for the mutation. In this study, we have shown the ARMS assay method to be quick, simple, cheap, reliable, and gives sufficient sensitivity for positive detection compatible for clinical diagnostic purposes. Therefore, the assay can be used for early diagnosis of MPNsin diagnostic laboratories with limited resources, such as in our health care system in our locality.
The effect of plant density on the growth and seed yield of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.)
Authors: Ahmad Mahmod , Abdulla Anwar
Published: July 2017

This study was conducted to determine the effects of different plant and row spacing (20*20 as T1, 30*30 as T2 and 40*40 as T3 cm) on the growth and yield of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) in Bakrajo – Sulaimani in the autumn season of (2013-2014).This simple field experiment was arranged in RCBD within three replication at the experimental fields of Bakrajo Technical Agricultural Institute–Sulaimani Polytechnic University. As a result of the research, while all the growth and yield parameters except dry root weight were significantly affected by plant and row spacing applications, significant increased in plant height (68.067) cm seed yield (1407.267) kg/ha was resulted from (20) cm plant and row spacing. While number of branches per plant (13.233), the dry weight of vegetative (57.867) gm, number of pod per plant (70.133), number of seeds per pod (17.13) and thousand-seed weight (14.6) gm, was resulted from (40) cm plant and row spacing.
Response of three cultivars of wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) and associated weeds to herbicides
Authors: Hussein Guhdar , Hussain Mohammed , Mohammed Bakhtiyar
Published: July 2017

This experiment was conducted to Study the response of three cultivars of bread wheat and the effect of herbicides on growth and yield of wheat cultivars during the growing season 2014-2015. The experiment comprised three wheat cultivars (Rabiaa, Khemsisi-1, Abugraib-3) and two herbicides treatments Pallas with rates (350, 500 and 650 ml ha-1) and Topic Pallas with three rates (600, 750 and 900 ml ha-1) by using factorial experiment arranged in Randomized Completely Block Design with three replicates. The results showed significant effect of cultivars, herbicides, and cultivars *herbicides concentration in number and dry weight of broad and narrow leaf weeds, 1000-grain weight, number of grain spike -1. The Rabiaacultivar was superiority in grain yield which gave 1929.0 kg ha-1andthe concentration 650 ml ha-1 for both herbicides was more effective in controlling of narrow leaf weeds. The Khemissi-1 cultivar treated with Pallas application at recommended dose (500 ml ha-1) was recorded the lowest number and dry weight of broad leaf weeds 9.33 and 73 g. while the Abugraib-3 cultivar gave (50.28 g) for 1000-grain weight and yield (2016.6 kg ha-1) with Pallas applied at 500 ml ha-1.
Effect of Pro.Sol, Folicist and Cultivar on Leaf Nutrients of Olive (Olea europaeaL.) Transplants
Authors: Saeed Gulala , Mayi Azad
Published: July 2017

This study was carried out during the growing season (2014) at Bakrajo Nursery Station/ Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. Two years old, uniform and healthySorani and Picual olive cultivars transplants were grown in 5 kg pots filled with soil in order to investigate the effect of three concentrations of Pro.Sol (0,100 and 200) and three Folicist concentrations (0, 60 and 120) as well as their interactions on leaf mineral contents of the two olive cultivar transplants. The results showed that 120 folicist significantly affected the leaf (N, K, Ca and Fe), while 60 significantly affected the leaf P content. However, 100 Pro.Sol affected significantly leaf (N, P and Fe), whereas 200 affected leaf (N,K and Ca) contents. However, Sorani cultivar was superior significantly to the Picual with regard to (N, K and Fe) leaf contents while the last cultivar was superior significantly to the first with respect to (P and Ca) contents.
Effect Of Dried Orange Peels As Feed Replacement And Stocking Density On Broiler Productive Performance
Authors: H. Zainab , A. Khasraw , R. Saman
Published: July 2017

This study was conducted at the poultry farm of Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sulaimani, in Bakrajo from 8/8/2014 to 1/1/2015. The experiment included managing and treating the birds at the farm to obtain the effect of Dried Orange Peels (DOP) levels on production performance of Ross-308 broilers at the 15- 42 days of age. The experiment was divided into five periods; each period lasted 7 days except fifth period lasted 15- 42 days. The birds were treated with different levels of DOP and different stocking density. The experimental treatments included eight treatments as following: T1: Control Diet + 0% dried orange peel+ normal stocking density (8 birds/m2). T2: CD + 0% dried orange peel+ high stocking density (12 birds/m2). T3: CD + 3% dried orange peel+ normal stocking density. T4: CD + 3% dried orange peel+ high stocking density. T5: CD + 6% dried orange peel+ normal stocking density. T6: CD + 6% dried orange peel+ high stocking density. T7: CD+ 9% dried orange peel+ normal stocking density. T8: CD + 9% dried orange peel+ high stocking density. The results obtained from this study showed that the effect of Dried Orange Peels (DOP) levels and stocking density significantly (P≤0.05) affected feed intake, body weight, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio.
Correlation between destructive and non- destructive tests results for concrete compressive strength
Authors: Abdullah Barham , Abdulkadir Mohamed
Published: July 2017

In building construction concrete strength is evaluated through destructive compression tests of concrete cubes after 28 days of casting. When there is doubt about whether cube test results may not be in compliance with those recommended by standard or when the actual compressive strength test is not available, in these cases non-destructive tests (NDT) may be of great value. In this investigation a total of 288 cubes of concrete with different compressive strengths have been tested using two methods of nondestructive tests namely Rebound Number (RN) and Ultra Pulse Velocity (UPV), then the cubes were tested to destruction for determination of their compressive strengths. The aim of the study was to find correlation between nondestructive and destructive tests for practical application.The test program consisted of testing concrete cubes made from five different mixes, their strength ranged from (35-65) MPa. The cubes were tested at ages (1, 7, 28, 90) days. Out of the total tests (108) cubes were tested at different temperatures (25, 50, 125, 180) ºC, all at the age of 28 days. It was found that the increase in (RN) and UPV value for all concrete strengths are proportional to the increase of the cube compressive strength. The regression equations found from the test results for 1 day for all mixes are more accurate than for (7, 28, 90) days, and the combined use of UPV and RN method is more reliable than UPV or RN methods separately. Equations of correlation to be used based on the tests results are proposed for each method and for the combined method.
Identifying Alluvial fans features using multispectral image processing techniques in selected area, northern Iraq
Authors: Thannoun Rayan , Bety Azhar , Al-Sa'igh Laith
Published: July 2017

Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus image data was used to identify and map alluvial fans features in Shaikh Ibrahim anticline northern Iraq. In the present study, an active flowchart was design to extract and determine alluvial fans using digital image processing operations and digital elevation analysis. Two image processing methods including (image transformation and image enhancement) were used. Image transformation including principal component analysis (PCA) and ratio images (RI) analysis, while image enhancement operation including false color composite images (FCC). In image transformation processing, Based on the detailed analysis of eigenvectors and eigenvalues derived from different combinations of (PCA), five (PC) images of bands (13457) have been extracted and –PC4 has relatively strong positive loading for band 5 (0.632166) and high negative loading for band 7 (-0.369417) consequently, PC4 was given effective delineation about the major alluvial fans at the southwestern footslope from Shaikh Ibrahim anticline. In ratio image analysis, A combination of (RI) based on the spectral characteristics of alluvial fans materials were selected. Image enhancement includes A false color image of the subscene was produced by assigning band (741). This color composite was found to be useful in emphasizing to the all materials of alluvial fans. Digital elevation models (DEM) were used for describing topographic features related to the alluvial fans.
Provenance of heavy minerals from recent sediments of Balakyan River, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Authors: Tobia Faraj , Kafy Rand
Published: July 2017

Heavy mineral assemblages of the sediments in Balakyan River have been studied to determine their concentrations and provenance. Twelve sediment samples were analyzed for heavy mineral assemblage determination. The unstable heavy minerals (pyroxene and amphibole) represent more than 50%. The mineral chemistry and petrographic studies refer to the predominant clinopyroxene mineral is diopside. Actinolite, tremolite, and magnesiohornblende are common calc-amphibole in the sediments. The ultrastable heavy minerals are present in trace amounts. According to the mineral chemistry the clinopyroxene is derived from basic igneous rocks crystallized at 1150-1220⁰C and low pressure. Amphibole and epidote crystallized under low temperature and/or formed under low grade metamorphism. The detrital chromian spinel is derived from basic and ultrabasic igneous rocks of Alpine type peridotite formed in fore-arc. The probable source of these assemblages is Ophiolite Complex to the north of the studied area (north Iraq) and igneous parts of Walash Series and Red Bed Series also the sedimentary rocks of Shiranish and Tanjero formations.
On Generalizes Derivations And commutativity Of Centrally Prime Rings
Authors: Sulaiman Neshtiman
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we will study some important results relating to the concept of generalized derivation in centrally prime ring to be commutative.
Approximate solution of the two-dimensional Rayleigh-Stokes problem for a heated generalized second grade fluid with fractional derivatives
Authors: Rashidinia Jalil , Parsa Ali , Salehi Raheleh
Published: July 2017

In this paper, a scheme based on Sinc and radial basis functions (RBF) is developed to approximate the solution of two-dimensional Rayleigh-Stokes problem for a heated generalized second-grade fluid with fractional derivatives‎. We use RBF and Sinc functions as basis functions to approximate spatial and time coordinates of the unknown function‎, respectively‎. ‎The error analysis is studied and discussed‎. An illustrative example verifies the effectiveness of our method and shows that one can obtain accurate results with only a small number of basis functions‎.
Protective Effects of Exogenous Melatonin on Cisplatin- Induced Acute Nephrotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Mahmood Kochar , Kadir Sardar
Published: July 2017

This study was planned to investigate the consequences of exogenous administration ofmelatonin on the amelioration of some biochemical variables in cisplatin (CP)-inducedacute nephrotoxicity in rats. Twenty-four male rats weighing 300-350g were used.Housing of the animals and the experiment were achieved and the rats were -housed inthe Department of Biology /College of Science/ Sulaimani University. The Animals weredivided into three groups (n=5); control group (receiving prepared standard chow for ratsand water ad libitum); model group(The animals administered a single intraperitoneal(i.p) dose of CP (8 mg/kg BW.); and the third group in addition to CP injection theanimals were supplemented with melatonin (180 mg/kg food) at the same day of CP-injection for five days. Finally, the blood specimen was taken using cardiac puncture.The studied parameters include Malondialdehyde (MDA), serum creatinine, serum urea,serum total bilirubin, serum albumin, serum electrolytes (Ca+2, Na+ and K+), as well assome hematological parameters (WBC, RBC, HCT, HGB). Our results showedsignificant (P<0.05) elevation in the serum level of MDA,, creatinine, urea and totalbilirubin in model group. On the other hand, the WBC count was also increasedsignificantly (P<0.01), whereas there was no significant alterations in the level ofcalcium, sodium, and potassium. The outcome of our study indicated that the melatoninadministration in injected rats for five days significantly (P<0.01) improved the elevatedserum levels of MDA, creatinine, urea, total bilirubin and WBC count. In conclusion,this study confirmed that melatonin has protective effects of ameliorating thenephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin in rat.
Hepatitis A Seropositivity among Children and Students Under 18 Years Old in Sulaimani Governorate-Kurdistan Regional Government
Authors: Hama Salih
Published: July 2017

To find the rates of anti-Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) IgG and IgM seropositivity among less than 18 years-old persons, 328 cases were tested by ELISA in Sulaimani Governorates, Iraqi Kurdistan region. It was observed that 47.86% cases were seropositive for anti-HAV IgG whereas only 16.15% were positive for anti-HAV IgM. Sex showed no significant effects on positive results for both IgG and IgM (p = 435, 0.891) respectively. The highest rate of anti- IgG seropositivity was among cases with more than 12 years-old (80.82%) while the highest rate for anti-IgM was among 5-8 years old (2.89%). The age showed noticeable effects on anti-IgG seropositivity (p = 0.000) unlike anti-IgM (p = 0.521). The child educational level also showed a significant effect on anti-IgG (p = 0.000) and anti-IgM (p = 0.0022). It was noticed that the well water has a significant effect on anti-IgM seropositivity (p = 0.027) among tested cases, while other sources showed no effects on the results (p>0.05). Family education showed significant effects on the anti-IgM seropositivity (p = 0.0022) unlike anti-IgG (p = 0.713). Moreover, it was concluded that the living places and family sizes showed significant effects on both anti-IgG and IgM seropositivity (p = 0.0022 and 0.0020) respectively for living places and (p = 0.0019 and 0.047) for family size). Socioeconomic status also significantly effective on anti-IgG (p = 0.0008) and anti-IgM seropositivity (p = 0.0078). The jaundice history showed valuable effects on anti-HAV IgG (p = 0.0207) and IgM seropositivity (p = 0.0017).
Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of Anticonvulsant Effect of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Flower Extract in Chicks
Authors: Seedo Salam , Ali Jian
Published: July 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of chamomile flower aqueous extract on different biochemical parameters in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced-convulsive chicks. Parameters included were serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), serum and brain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), serum cholinesterase enzyme activity (ChE), electrolytes (Na+,K+, and Cl-), total calcium (Ca2+), serum glucose and total protein concentration.The dried flowers parts of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) were subjected to aqueous extraction and given at (200, 400 and 600mg/kg orally), for its anticonvulsant effects and the effect was compared with the standard anticonvulsant drug sodium valproate (200mg/kg). A dose of 200mg/kg showed full protection against PTZ convulsions, whereas doses of 400 and 600 mg/kg reduced the latency and onset of convulsion. The results suggest that the aqueous extract of chamomile flower may produce anticonvulsant effects via biochemical changes including significant increases in serum T-AOC, serum GABA, serum ChE activity and Na+, and a significant reduction in K+ and serum glucose concentration have been observed.
Model of Prediction of Trihalomethanes (THMs) formation in chlorinated water in water treatment plant using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Omar Khairi
Published: July 2017

This study focuses on validity of modeling of trihalomethane formation using artificial neural network with a feed-forward back-propagation neural network approach and graphical user interface function of MATLAB at a water treatment plant. Regularly measured parameters, which are conducted by Uyak et al., 2005, consisting of pH, total organic carbon, temperature and applied chlorine dose were utilized to implement the model for forecasting of trihalomethane formation. Attempting to investigate and compare with the use of traditional multiple linear regressions. The default Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was used for training the network structures. It is noted that the best validation performance depending on the mean square error was 62.8539 at epoch 49. The simulated result tracked the measured data through a regression plot with a correlation coefficient of 0.95842, 0.94717 and 0.93369 for training, validation and test respectively. With respect to simulated testing the model demonstrates great performance in predicting the trihalomethane formation in chlorinated water. It is concluded that the artificial neural network generally is better than the multiple linear regression for forecasting trihalomethane formation.