bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Journal self-citations trends in sport sciences: an analysis of disciplinary journals from 2013 to 2022
Authors: Bennett Hunter , Singh Ben , Slattery Flynn
Published: July 2024

This study reports on the yearly rate of journal self-citation (JSC) in sport sciences, how it changes over time, and its association with journal impact factor (JIF). Citations made by all 87 journals in “sport sciences” from 2013 to 2022 were extracted, as was their 2022 JIF. JSC rates were calculated using a Poisson distribution method. A mixed-effects negative binomial regression examined changes in yearly JSC rates over time. The association between average JSC rates and JIF were compared using a negative binomial regression. The median JSC rate was 6.3 self-citations per 100 citations. JSC rates are increasing in sport sciences by ~ 10% per year (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.1, 95% CI 1.1–1.2; trivial effect). There was a significant negative association between JSC rate and JIF (IRR = 0.9, 95% CI 0.9, 1.0; trivial effect). Contrary to observations made in prior literature examining broader disciplines, the increasing JSC rate in sport sciences may be attributed to the growing maturity of this novel discipline. As sport-science topic areas become more established and appear in discipline specific journals, more JSCs may occur due to an increasing body of literature in these journals. The negative association between JSC rate and JIF may be due to specialized and less visible journals having a naturally lower JIF, as their impact is confined to a narrower field.
New Anisotropic Cosmic-Ray Enhancement (ACRE) Event on 5 November 2023 Due to Complex Heliospheric Conditions
Authors: Gil Agnieszka , Asvestari Eleanna , Mishev Alexandar , Larsen Nicholas , Usoskin Ilya
Published: July 2024

The variability of galactic cosmic rays near Earth is nearly isotropic and driven by large-scale heliospheric modulation but rarely can very local anisotropic events be observed in low-energy cosmic rays. These anisotropic cosmic-ray enhancement (ACRE) events are related to interplanetary transients. Until now, two such events have been known. Here, we report the discovery of the third ACRE event observed as an increase of up to 6.4% in count rates of high- and midlatitude neutron monitors between ca. 09 – 14 UT on 5 November 2023 followed by a moderate Forbush decrease and a strong geomagnetic storm. This is the first known observation of ACRE in the midrigidity range of up to 8 GV. The anisotropy axis of ACRE was in the nearly anti-Sun direction. Modeling of the geomagnetic conditions implies that the observed increase was not caused by a storm-induced weakening of the geomagnetic shielding. As suggested by a detailed analysis and qualitative modeling using the EUHFORIA model, the ACRE event was likely produced by the scattering of cosmic rays on an intense interplanetary flux rope propagating north of the Earth and causing a glancing encounter. The forthcoming Forbush decrease was caused by an interplanetary coronal mass ejection that hit Earth centrally. A comprehensive analysis of the ACRE and complex heliospheric conditions is presented. However, a full quantitative modeling of such a complex event is not possible even with the most advanced models and calls for further developments.
Influence of age, sex, bodyweight, and training on echocardiographic measurements in healthy mixed-breed donkeys
Authors: Bozzola Chiara , Guffanti Ilaria , Ortolina Asia , Bronzo Valerio , Zucca Enrica
Published: July 2024

The donkey has always been a notable working animal and its importance as a companion animal has been growing over the last few years. However, there are only a few studies about cardiology in this species. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of age, sex, training, and bodyweight on cardiac dimension in mixed-breed donkeys. Forty-five clinically and para-clinically healthy mixed-breed donkeys were included, and B-mode and M-mode echocardiographic measurements were recorded. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to identify the effect of age, sex, bodyweight, and training on cardiac measurements. Most of the echocardiographic measurements showed a strong statistically significant correlation with bodyweight. Linear regression analysis between echocardiographic measurements and bodyweight was performed to obtain the values of the intercept and slope of the linear equation to calculate the echocardiographic measurements as a function of bodyweight. This is the first study reporting a strong linear correlation between echocardiographic measurements and bodyweight and reporting a correlation between training and echocardiographic parameters in donkeys, suggesting that this variable should be considered when assessing cardiac dimensions in these animals.
Isolation and characterization of a native strain of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana for the control of the palm weevil Dynamis borassi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the neotropics
Authors: Gutiérrez Yeisson , Alarcón Karen A. , Ortiz Cristian , Santos-Holguín Jenny M. , García-Riaño Jennifer L. , Mejía Cindy , Amaya Carol V. , Uribe-Gutiérrez Liz
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to isolate and characterize a native strain of Beauveria bassiana, coded as Bv065, showcasing its potential as a biological control agent targeting the palm weevil Dynamis borassi. Originating from a naturally infected D. borassi specimen collected in southwestern Colombia, the fungus underwent molecular identification and was identified as B. bassiana, exhibiting high sequence similarity with known reference strains. The physiological characterization revealed that Bv065 thrived within a temperature range of 25 to 30 °C and a pH range of 6 to 9. Moreover, the key carbon sources that allow optimal growth of the strain were identified through metabolic profiling, including sucrose, D-mannose, and γ-amino-butyric acid. These findings offer strategic insights for scalability and formulation methodologies. Additionally, enzymatic analyses unveiled robust protease activity within Bv065, crucial for catalysing insect cuticle degradation and facilitating host penetration, thus accentuating its entomopathogenic potential. Subsequent evaluations exposed Bv065’s pathogenicity against D. borassi, causing significant mortality within nine days of exposure, albeit exhibiting limited effectiveness against Rhynchophorus palmarum. This study underscores the importance of understanding optimal growth conditions and metabolic preferences of B. bassiana strains for developing effective biopesticides. The findings suggest Bv065 as a promising candidate for integrated pest management strategies in neotropical regions, particularly for controlling palm weevil infestations in coconut and peach palm cultivation. Future research avenues include refining mass production methodologies, formulating novel delivery systems, and conducting comprehensive field efficacy trials to unlock the full potential of Bv065 in fostering sustainable pest management practices. Overall, this study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on entomopathogenic fungi and their pivotal role in biological control, offering nuanced perspectives on eco-friendly alternatives to conventional insecticidal interventions.
Central dentinogenic ghost cell tumor of the maxilla: a case report with new imaging findings and review of the literature
Authors: Yoshida Suzuka , Takeshita Yohei , Kawazu Toshiyuki , Hisatomi Miki , Okada Shunsuke , Fujikura Mamiko , Obata Kyoichi , Takabatake Kiyofumi , Yoshida Saori , Asaumi Junichi
Published: July 2024

A dentinogenic ghost cell tumor (DGCT) is a rare benign odontogenic tumor that commonly shows characteristics of solid proliferation and has a relatively high risk of recurrence after surgical treatment. We herein report a case of a central DGCT that occurred in the maxilla and resulted in bone expansion. This study highlights new imaging findings (particularly magnetic resonance imaging) along with histopathological observations. In addition, we conducted a review of the existing literature on this rare tumor. A 37-year-old man developed swelling around the right cheek. A benign odontogenic tumor such as ameloblastoma was suspected based on the imaging examination findings (including bone expansion and the internal characteristics of the tumor) on panoramic imaging, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The lesion was surgically excised from the right maxilla. Postoperative histopathological examination led to a definitive diagnosis of central DGCT. The tumor comprised epithelial neoplastic islands, resembling ameloblastoma, inside tight fibroconnective tissue; masses of ghost cells and formation of dentin were also observed. We had suspected that the minute high-density region around the molars on the imaging examinations represented alveolar bone change; however, it represented dentin formation. This led to difficulty diagnosing the lesion. Although DGCT may present characteristic findings on imaging examinations, its occurrence is infrequent, and in some cases, the findings may include the presence or absence of an impacted tooth without obvious calcification. The present case suggests that we should consider the possibility of an odontogenic tumor with calcification when high-density structures are observed inside the lesion.
New Paradigm of Identifiable General-response Cognitive Diagnostic Models: Beyond Categorical Data
Authors: Lee Seunghyun , Gu Yuqi
Published: July 2024

Cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs) are a popular family of discrete latent variable models that model students’ mastery or deficiency of multiple fine-grained skills. CDMs have been most widely used to model categorical item response data such as binary or polytomous responses. With advances in technology and the emergence of varying test formats in modern educational assessments, new response types, including continuous responses such as response times, and count-valued responses from tests with repetitive tasks or eye-tracking sensors, have also become available. Variants of CDMs have been proposed recently for modeling such responses. However, whether these extended CDMs are identifiable and estimable is entirely unknown. We propose a very general cognitive diagnostic modeling framework for arbitrary types of multivariate responses with minimal assumptions, and establish identifiability in this general setting. Surprisingly, we prove that our general-response CDMs are identifiable under <mml:math xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mnf="http://cambridge.org/core/manifest" xmlns:cup="http://contentservices.cambridge.org" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:m="http://cambridge.org/core/metadata" xmlns:core="http://cambridge.org/core" xmlns:c="http://cambridge.org/core/content">Q\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\textbf{Q}}$$\end{document}-matrix-based conditions similar to those for traditional categorical-response CDMs. Our conclusions set up a new paradigm of identifiable general-response CDMs. We propose an EM algorithm to efficiently estimate a broad class of exponential family-based general-response CDMs. We conduct simulation studies under various response types. The simulation results not only corroborate our identifiability theory, but also demonstrate the superior empirical performance of our estimation algorithms. We illustrate our methodology by applying it to a TIMSS 2019 response time dataset.
Trophic effects of Bti-based mosquito control on two top predators in floodplain pond mesocosms
Authors: Gerstle Verena , Bollinger Eric , Manfrin Alessandro , Pietz Sebastian , Kolbenschlag Sara , Feckler Alexander , Entling Martin H. , Brühl Carsten A.
Published: July 2024

Chironomid (Diptera: Chironomidae) larvae play a key role in aquatic food webs as prey for predators like amphibian and dragonfly larvae. This trophic link may be disrupted by anthropogenic stressors such as Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti), a biocide widely used in mosquito control. In a companion study, we recorded a 41% reduction of non-target larval chironomids abundance in outdoor floodplain pond mesocosms (FPMs) treated with Bti. Therefore, we examined the diet of two top predators in the FPMs, larvae of the palmate newt (Salamandridae: Lissotriton helveticus) and dragonfly (Aeshnidae: predominantly Anax imperator), using bulk stable isotope analyses of carbon and nitrogen. Additionally, we determined neutral lipid fatty acids in newt larvae to assess diet-related effects on their physiological condition. We did not find any effects of Bti on the diet proportions of newt larvae and no significant effects on the fatty acid content. We observed a trend in Aeshnidae larvae from Bti-FPMs consuming a higher proportion of large prey (Aeshnidae, newt, damselfly larvae; ~42%), and similar parts of smaller prey (chironomid, mayfly, Libellulidae, and zooplankton), compared to controls. Our findings may suggest bottom-up effects of Bti on aquatic predators but should be further evaluated, for instance, by using compound-specific stable isotope analyses of fatty acids or metabarcoding approaches.
Effects of Static Strain Aging on Mechanical Performance of Ductile Cast Iron
Authors: Björklund Ville , Hänninen Hannu , Bossuyt Sven
Published: July 2024

EN-GJS-400-15U nodular cast iron intended to be used as load-bearing element in long-term geological disposal canisters containing spent nuclear fuel in Finland and Sweden was studied for static strain aging (SSA). Tensile test specimens manufactured from the nodular cast iron were pre-strained to 1%, 2% and 3% nominal plastic strains. The pre-strained specimens were aged at different temperatures ranging from room temperature to 400 °C for varying times. The aged specimens were tested with conventional tensile testing using constant cross-head speed of 0.016 mm/s. Additionally, four specimens were studied with digital image correlation (DIC) during the tensile testing to obtain full-field strain measurements. SSA resulted in elevated pronounced yield point in all the conditions, while the as-received material showed continuous yielding behavior. SSA reduced the elongation to fracture. DIC tests showed more localized yielding behavior in the SSA specimens. Over-aging effect was observed at 400 °C where increasing pre-strain did not increase the yield stress more. For 1-day aging time, the highest yield stress increment was found after aging at 200°C. The yield stress of the material was almost identical after aging in 100°C and 200°C.
Increased incidence of myxedema coma during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the post pandemic era: a single-center case series
Authors: Sokołowski Grzegorz , Studen Katica Bajuk , Opalinska Marta , Wegrzyn Karolina , Motyka Marcin , Gilis-Januszewska Aleksandra , Hubalewska-Dydejczyk Alicja
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic was a major challenge for all health care employees, but it was also difficult for patients to gain access to health care services. Myxedema coma (MC) is an extremely rare but potentially fatal endocrine emergency. The aim of the study was to report an increased incidence of life-threatening myxedema coma that occurred in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we report a cohort of 11 patients with MC who were treated at the University Hospital in Krakow, Poland, in the period from 2015 to 2023. Only 1 case of MC was recorded in the period from 2015 to 2019, and, in the same area, 10 cases of MC were recorded after the start of COVID-19 pandemic until present. Hypothyroidism was diagnosed de novo in 2 (18%) patients; the remaining patients were severely hypothyroid due to therapy non-compliance. Nine patients had primary hypothyroidism, and 2 had central hypothyroidism. Besides longstanding hypothyroidism, an additional precipitating factor for MC was identified in 4 (36%) of the patients. Due to the inaccessibility of parenteral levothyroxine, patients were treated with oral, mostly liquid, form of levothyroxine. The mortality rate in this cohort was 27.2%. In conclusion, the increase of the incidence of MC, which is a life-threatening complication of inadequately treated hypothyroidism, during the COVID-19 pandemic, when resources were limited, and in the post-pandemic era, underlines the importance of adequate communication with patients and of long-term availability of primary care for patients with thyroid disease.
Association of serum interleukin-2 with severity and prognosis in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhu Feng-Min , Xu Juan , He Qi-Yuan , Deng You-Peng , Liu Ming-Yan , Liu Ying , Sun Jing , Zhao Hui , Fu Lin , Yang Jin
Published: July 2024

The prior studies have shown that interleukin-2 (IL-2) exerts important roles in the pathological and physiological processes of lung diseases. However, the role of IL-2 in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is still uncertain. Through a prospective cohort study, our research will explore the correlations between serum IL-2 levels and the severity and prognosis in CAP patients. There were 267 CAP patients included. Blood samples were obtained. Serum IL-2 were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Demographic traits and clinical characteristics were extracted. Serum IL-2 were gradually elevated with increasing severity scores in CAP patients. Correlation analyses revealed that serum IL-2 were connected with physiological parameters including liver and renal function in CAP patients. According to a logistic regression analysis, serum IL-2 were positively correlated with CAP severity scores. We also tracked the prognostic outcomes of CAP patients. The increased risks of adversely prognostic outcomes, including mechanical ventilation, vasoactive agent usage, ICU admission, death, and longer hospital length, were associated with higher levels of IL-2 at admission. Serum IL-2 at admission were positively associated with severe conditions and poor prognosis among CAP patients, indicated that IL-2 may involve in the initiation and development of CAP. As a result, serum IL-2 may be an available biomarker to guide clinicians in assessing the severity and determining the prognosis of CAP.
Smart Sex Toys: A Narrative Review of Recent Research on Cultural, Health and Safety Considerations
Authors: Power Jennifer , Pym Tinonee , James Alexandra , Waling Andrea
Published: July 2024

Purpose of the Review

Smart sex toys (‘teledildonics’), are digitally enabled haptic devices designed for sexual or erotic stimulation. Devices may conform to conventional sex toy design (e.g. dildoes) or take other forms. Their primary purpose is to provide sexual or erotic stimulation through the networked haptic function. Here, we present a narrative review of academic work in which we aimed to synthesise current lines of inquiry relating to cultural impacts and research on risks and benefits.

Recent Findings.

Forty-one articles were included, published between 2011 and 2024. The articles focused on: prevalence and context of smart sex use; considerations on whether smart sex toys have potential to disrupt normative gendered sexual scripts; whether smart sex toys have potential to expand or change people’s expectations for sex; the potential for harm and non-consensual use; the politics of data security; and the possibilities for smart sex toys to enhance sexual wellbeing.

Smart sex toys may create new ways for people to explore sexual connection and experience, including people with limited mobility. Data security and consensual use should be considered in product development.
Pitfalls of diagnosing pituitary hypoplasia in the patients with short stature
Authors: Kiremitci Yilmaz Seniha , Yilmaz Ovali Gülgün , Ozalp Kizilay Deniz , Tarhan Serdar , Ersoy Betul
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Height age (HA) and bone age (BA) delay is well known in the patients with short stature. Therefore assessing pituitary hypoplasia based on chronological age (CA) might cause overdiagnosis of pituitary hypoplasia. We aimed to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of the PH and PV based on CA, HA, or BA in the patients with GHD.

Methods

Fifty-seven patients with severe and 40 patients with partial GHD and 39 patients with ISS assigned to the study. For defining the most accurate diagnosis of pituitary hypoplasia, PH and PV were evaluated based on CA, BA and HA. The relationship of each method with clinical features was examined.

Results

The mean PV was significantly larger in patients with ISS compared to the GH-deficient patients. PV was more correlated with clinical features including height SDS, stimulated GH concentration, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 SDS, height velocity before and after rGH therapy. We found BA-based PV could discriminate GHD from ISS (Sensitivity: 17%, specificity: 98%, positive predictive value: 94%, negative predictive value: 39%), compared to the other methods based on PH or PV respect to CA and HA. 3% of patients with ISS, 17% of patients with GHD had pituitary hypoplasia based on PV-BA.

Conclusion

PV based on BA, has the most accurate diagnostic value for defining pituitary hypoplasia. But it should be kept in mind that there might be still misdiagnosed patients by this method. PV is also a significant predictor for the rGH response.
Can postpartum depression be prevented with care provided to primiparae using Levine's Conservation Model?: A single-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Özcan Şadiye , Eryılmaz Gülşen
Published: July 2024

The aim of the researchers of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of care given in line with Levine's conservation model in reducing the risk of postpartum depression. There were 56 participants in the experimental group and 56 participants in the control group. To reduce postpartum depression, a nursing care program was created by examining the theoretical structure of Levine's Conservation Model. Seven home visits were paid and a nursing care program was implemented. The first four home visits were paid once a week and the remaining three home visits were paid every 15 days. The women were given trainings on different subjects during each home visits. All the trainings were given in accordance with each conservation model. During the fourth home visit, the researcher who was a Pilates instructor taught the puerperae how to do Pilates exercises by demonstrating the exercises. It was determined that in the puerperae in the experimental group, sleep quality improved, that their postpartum fatigue decreased and energy increased, and that their risk of developing postpartum depression decreased. Holistic care given based on Levine's Conservation model improves symptoms of insomnia, fatigue and depression in postpartum women. Levine's Conservation model can be used in routine care to reduce physical, psychological and social problems experienced by women in the postpartum period.
Systematic review: dorsal bridge plating in distal radius fractures
Authors: Drummond I. , Durand-Hill M. , Jones N. , O’Hagan P. J. , Edwards D.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Distal radius fractures are the most common upper limb fractures in adults (up to 18% of all fractures in the Emergency Department). Conservative management is possible for the majority, the preferred surgical technique being volar plate fixation. Dorsal bridge plating (DBP) is an alternative method of treatment for complex fractures. DBP acts as an internal fixator and can be used in patients needing early rehabilitation. This systematic review assesses the demographics, functional and radiological outcomes and complications of using DBP in patients with distal radius fractures compared to volar plate fixation.

Methods

A literature search of PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE and Google Scholar was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Seven hundred and sixty-one articles were found; 11 articles met the inclusion criteria. Cadaveric studies and case studies of less than five patients were excluded. Primary outcome measures were functional and radiological outcomes. Complications were recorded as secondary outcomes.

Results

Three hundred and ninety-four patients were included in the study with an average age of 54.8 years (53.9% male and 46.1% female). Weighted mean follow-up was 55.2 weeks; the mean time to plate removal was 17.3 weeks with a mean DASH score of 25.7. The weighted range of movement was 46.9° flexion, 48.8° extension, 68.4° pronation and 67.5° supination. The radiological parameters show satisfactory outcomes with a mean radial height of 10mm, volar tilt of 3.1°, ulnar variance of 0.5mm and radial inclination of 18.8°. The complication rate was 11.4%. Digital stiffness was the most common complication but improved if tenolysis was performed at plate removal.

Conclusions

DBP is a good alternative to volar plating for complex distal radius fractures. The functional outcomes showed a slight loss of range of movement, whereas the radiological outcomes were within recommended limits. A significant disadvantage of the plate is the need for further surgical removal.
COVID-19 risk perception and food security in the MENA region: evidence from a multi-wave household survey
Authors: Abu Hatab Assem , Krautscheid Lena , Elsayied Mohamed , Amuakwa-Mensah Franklin
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic had disruptive consequences for MENA countries’ agri-food value chains that exacerbated poverty and jeopardized food security. This study examines the relationship between individuals’ perception of contracting COVID-19 and their experience of food insecurity, using longitudinal data from the Combined COVID-19 MENA Monitor Household survey. It also investigates the underlying mechanisms of COVID-19 concerns and explores coping strategies employed by households to identify vulnerabilities in food security. The results provide compelling evidence of a strong association between individuals’ concern about the virus and various dimensions of food security, particularly reduced purchasing power and decreased meal frequency. Notably, this association follows an inverted U-shaped curve, with food insecurity initially increasing as worry grows, but declining after individuals contract the virus. High levels of concern were also linked to significant income decreases and worsening economic conditions. Moreover, individuals with higher concerns were more likely to rely on specific coping strategies, particularly spending savings and obtaining funds from relatives or friends. These findings underscore the need for government interventions during disease outbreaks and economic downturns to focus on alleviating individuals’ worry and fear to facilitate informed decision-making that minimizes food insecurity consequences. Additionally, the findings emphasize the need to strengthen social protection systems during public health and economic challenges to ensure food security for vulnerable populations.
On the Perspective of Solid-State Fermented Olive Leaves for High-Added Value Applications
Authors: Sar Taner , Pyrka Ioanna , Taherzadeh Mohammad J. , Nenadis Nikolaos , Mantzouridou Fani Th
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The effect of solid-state fermentation (SSF), employing different microbial strains (single or co-cultured), to the chemical composition of olive leaves (OL) and the possible perspectives of the derived material for high added-value applications was explored.

Methods

Emphasis was given on bioactives (oleuropein, OLE, hydroxytyrosol, HT, elenolic acid (EA) related compounds, maslinic (MA) and oleanolic (OA) acids). In parallel, the levels of other chemical components with nutritional/antinutritional interest for feed application and certain minerals were also measured.

Results

A gradual decrease in OLE and an EA derivative till their complete loss was found. HT progressively increased and then consumed reaching low levels. MA and OA were unaffected. A. niger resulted in the highest formation of HT (1 mg/g dw), and the lowest loss of OL antioxidant potential (13.8% at 72 h). Varying levels of protein production were observed potentially improving their nutritional value.

Conclusion

The study demonstrated that fermented OL significantly altered phenolic compounds, particularly OLE and HT, and maintained triterpenic acids such as MA and OA. Despite reductions in certain phenolics, fermented OL showed improved nutritional profiles, particularly in protein content and antioxidant potential, suggesting their potential for added-value applications in various industrial sectors, including animal feed. To our knowledge this is the first time that the co-cultures selected in the present study were employed for OL SSF and that under all conditions examined the triterpentic acids MA and OA were the dominant bioactives despite some improvements in HT formation

Graphical Abstract
Wissenschaftskommunikation in der Sportwissenschaft
Authors: Zimmermann Hannah , von Haaren-Mack Birte , Niermann Christina , Bös Klaus
Published: July 2024

In der vorliegenden Studie soll mit einem Fokus auf die deutsche Sportwissenschaft erstmalig untersucht werden, wie Sportwissenschaftler*innen verschiedener Karrierestufen (Prä-Doc, Post-Doc, Professor*innen) ihr Engagement in der Wissenschaftskommunikation einschätzen, welche Einstellungen sie diesbezüglich haben und mit welchen Barrieren sie dabei konfrontiert sind. Mithilfe einer Online-Befragung von 154 Sportwissenschaftler*innen wurde der Ist-Zustand erfasst. Als Grundlage der Untersuchung diente die bislang einzige nationale Befragung von Wissenschaftler*innen in Bezug auf ihre Aktivitäten in der Wissenschaftskommunikation von den Institutionen Wissenschaft im Dialog (WiD), dem Deutschen Zentrum für Hochschul- und Wissenschaftsforschung (DZHW) und dem Nationalen Institut für Wissenschaftskommunikation (NaWik) aus dem Jahre 2020, deren Ergebnisse mit den Ergebnissen der vorliegenden Studie verglichen werden. Die Sportwissenschaftler*innen nutzen die klassischen Formate seltener als die Teilnehmenden der Original-Befragung, die Online-Kanäle hingegen häufiger, allerdings auf niedrigem Niveau. Insgesamt kommuniziert die Sportwissenschaft trotz positiver Einstellung bisher begrenzt. Besonders fehlende Zeit und mangelnde Ressourcen wurden von den Sportwissenschaftler*innen ebenso wie von den Teilnehmenden der Original-Befragung als Barrieren wahrgenommen. Bei der Betrachtung der Statusgruppen zeigten sich deutliche Unterschiede in der Nutzung der Formate und Online-Kanäle, aber auch in der Einstellung gegenüber der Wissenschaftskommunikation und den wahrgenommenen Barrieren. Die Ergebnisse bieten Einblicke für die Entwicklung von Maßnahmen zur Förderung der Wissenschaftskommunikation, insbesondere für Nachwuchswissenschaftler*innen. Wissenschaftskommunikation sollte nicht als Zusatzaufgabe betrachtet werden, sondern als integraler Bestandteil der Arbeit, der angemessen honoriert werden muss. Denn durch Wissenschaftskommunikation kann der zwingend notwendige Wissenschafts-Praxis-Transfer gefördert werden. Gerade sportwissenschaftliche Themen wie unter anderem die Förderung eines aktiven Lebensstils oder auch die Aufklärung von Fitness-Märchen sind von gesellschaftlichem Interesse und haben damit ein großes Potenzial, kommuniziert zu werden.
The Relationship Between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Panel Data Analysis by Country Groups
Authors: Uçan Okyay , Turgut Ecem , Berkman Ayberk Nuri
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between energy consumption (EC) and economic growth (EG). Mostly, the relationship between energy and economic growth has been analyzed in certain country groups, whereas in this study, three different country groups were considered and compared. To this end, countries were categorized into three different groups, such as low-income developing, emerging market, and middle-income, and advanced economies. Thus, it was revealed whether the results varied across country groups. Ten country samples from each country group and a total of 30 country samples were utilized. The data of both EG and EC obtained over the period 1990–2022 were utilized. A panel LM test was performed to analyze the relationship between variables. As a result of the test, although a cointegration relationship existed between EG and EC in low-income developing countries, no cointegration relationship was found in emerging markets, and middle-income, or advanced economies. Therefore, it was concluded that the relationship between EC and EG might have varied according to the development levels of the countries. In addition, empirical evidence confirmed that a unilateral causality from EG to EC was determined only in low-income developing countries. These empirical insights are of particular interest to policymakers as they help to build substantial economic policies to sustain economic development.
How do different interpretations work together in a single scientific explanatory project? A case study of the Olami-Feder-Christensen model of earthquakes
Authors: Bobadilla Hernán
Published: July 2024

Interpretation plays a central role in using scientific models to explain natural phenomena: Meaning must be bestowed upon a model in terms of what it is and what it represents to be used for model explanations. However, it remains unclear how capacious and complex interpretation in models can be, particularly when conducted by the same group of scientists in the context of one explanatory project. This paper sheds light upon this question by examining modelling and explanatory practices related to the Olami-Feder-Christensen model of earthquakes. This case study shows that various interpretations are intricately connected in the overall meaning of a model used for model explanations. This leads to a manifold picture of interpretation, according to which scientific models are construed as networks of interconnected meanings. As scientists ponder and integrate these various interpretations, guided by locally attended epistemic interests, they achieve model explanations with layers of content, both in their explanantia and explananda.
Temperatures and hypolimnetic oxygen in German lakes: Observations, future trends and adaptation potential
Authors: Schwefel Robert , Nkwalale Lipa G. T. , Jordan Sylvia , Rinke Karsten , Hupfer Michael
Published: July 2024

We investigated trends in temperature, stratification, and hypolimnetic oxygen concentration of German lakes under climate change using observational data and hydrodynamic modelling. Observations from 46 lakes revealed that annually averaged surface temperatures increased by + 0.5 °C between 1990 and 2020 while bottom temperatures remained almost constant. Modelling of 12 lakes predicted further increases in surface temperatures by 0.3 °C/decade until the year 2099 in the most pessimistic emission scenario RCP 8.5 (RCP 4.5: + 0.18 °C/decade; RCP 2.6: + 0.04 °C/decade). Again, bottom temperatures increased much less while summer stratification extended by up to 38 days. Using a simplified oxygen model, we showed that hypolimnetic oxygen concentrations decreased by 0.7–1.9 mg L−1 in response to the extended stratification period. However, model runs assuming lower productivity (e. g. through nutrient reduction) resulted in increased oxygen concentrations even in the most pessimistic emission scenario. Our results suggest that the negative effects of climate change on the oxygen budget of lakes can be efficiently mitigated by nutrient control.
Superb microvascular imaging (SMI) and elastosonography in thyroid nodule: diagnostic value in a real-time cohort
Authors: Negroni Davide , Maddalena Gaetano , Bono Romina , Abruzzese Flavia , Cesano Sara , Conte Patrizio , Airoldi Chiara , Neri Pierluigi , Carriero Alessandro
Published: July 2024

Purpose

In clinical practice, thyroid nodules are classified according to TI-RADS by B-mode and color-flow Doppler study. The aim of the study is to evaluate the possible added value of Superb microvascular imaging (SMI) and elastosonography in the stratification of malignancy risk of thyroid nodules.

Methods

All patients with thyroid nodules who were candidates for needle aspiration were enrolled. Experienced operators performed a standard examination with TI-RADS calculation, followed by SMI and elastosonography on the nodules. The needle aspiration outcome was used as the gold standard. Statistical analysis calculated the ROC curves of the techniques applied individually and serially.

Results

In this prospective study, we analysed 260 nodules, found in 251 patients (mean age 58.6 yo ± 14). 11.2% were TI-RADS 1, 18.9% TI-RADS 2, 41.1% TI-RADS 3, 28.1% TI-RADS 4, and 0.8% TI-RADS 5.

The SMI technique showed an AUC of 0.57 (95% CI 0.49; 0.66) while elastosonography had an AUC of 0.58 (95% CI 0.49; 0.67) when used individually. SMI together with elastosonography had AUC of 0.62 (95% CI 0.52; 0.71). TI-RADS had AUC of 0.67 (95% CI 0.59; 0.75). SMI and elastosonography applied together with TI-RADS had AUC of 0.69 (95% CI 0.61; 0.77).

Conclusion

In the real-world cohort of patients, the SMI technique and elastosonography slightly increase the AUC of TI-RADS. Taken individually, SMI and elastosonography do not have a very strong AUC.
The effect of ethanol fuel dilution on oil performance and MoDTC tribofilms formation and composition
Authors: Ruiz-Acero Juan , Kessler Felipe , Costa Henara , Cousseau Tiago
Published: July 2024

Ethanol has emerged as a promising alternative to fossil fuels, but its use can lead to significant dilution in lubricants, particularly during cold start or heavy traffic. This dilution can affect the performance of additives, including friction modifiers like molybdenum dithiocarbamate (MoDTC), which are designed to reduce friction under extreme contact conditions. Prior research suggests that ethanol may impact the performance of MoDTC, prompting this study’s goal to investigate the effects of ethanol on MoDTC tribofilms and their friction response under boundary lubrication conditions. Therefore, reciprocating tribological tests were performed with fully formulated lubricants containing MoDTC with varying ethanol concentrations. The results indicate that a critical ethanol dilution level inhibits friction reduction by MoDTC activation, resulting in friction coefficients (COFs) similar to the base oil. Surfaces tested with simple mixtures of polyalphaolefin (PAO) + MoDTC showed increased COFs with added ethanol. Analysis of tested surfaces using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy near the edge structure (XANES) revealed the presence of sulfates, MoO3, MoS2, and MoSxOy compounds in the tribofilms formed on the surfaces, with and without ethanol diluted in the lubricant. However, the addition of ethanol increased the sulfates and MoO3 content of the tribofilms at the expense of friction-reducing compounds such as MoS2 and MoSxOy. These findings suggest that ethanol dilution in lubricants containing MoDTC creates an oxygen-rich interfacial medium that favors the formation of compounds with insufficient friction-reducing capabilities.
Factors Influencing Virtual Reality Sickness in Emergency Simulation Training
Authors: Firdaus Riyadh , Tantri Aida Rosita , Manggala Sidharta Kusuma
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Virtual reality-based simulation is an educational tool that has been proven to increase participants’ self-perceived, confidence, and skill. However, the use of VR is associated with virtual reality sickness (VRS). The purpose of this study is to determine related factors of VRS in an emergency setting simulation-based training, hence providing information and mitigation plan to enhance and optimize learning outcomes.

Method

We developed multiplayer VR simulation in Traumatic Brain Injury and Local Anaesthetic Systemic Toxicity emergency. Seventy-five medical doctors voluntarily partake in the VR simulation. Throughout the simulation and its aftermath, participants were carefully monitored and observed. Additionally, they were questioned regarding their experience of VRS using the Simulation Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) instrument.

Result

The incidence of virtual reality sickness was found to be 57.3% and is significantly associated with male gender, myopia, astigmatism, and the use of stationary VR mode (p<0.05). The mean SSQ score for nausea, oculomotor, disorientation, and total score component is 5.97 (standard deviation (SD): 6.4), 6.26 (SD 6.5), 125.6 (SD 132), and 9.03 (SD 9.5), respectively. There were 16% of participant experiencing severe symptoms of VRS.

Conclusion

Male gender, myopia, astigmatism, and the use of stationary VR mode were related with incidence of virtual reality sickness. VR activities in either room-scale or walking mode and appropriate correction of any refractive disorders are pivotal to prevent VRS in VR simulation training.
Paths to Autonomous Motivation and Well-being: Understanding the Contribution of Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction in Health Professions Students
Authors: Zhu Yuanyuan , Dolmans Diana , Köhler S. Eleonore , Kusurkar Rashmi A. , Abidi Latifa , Savelberg Hans
Published: July 2024

Background

Undergraduate students enrolled in Health Professions (HP) programs may experience challenges related to motivation and well-being. According to Self-Determination Theory, learning environments that support the three basic psychological needs (needs for autonomy, relatedness, competence) foster students’ autonomous motivation and well-being. Little is known about the associations between basic psychological needs satisfaction, autonomous motivation, and well-being in the HP domain and how they relate to one another in an integrative model. This study assesses the associations of the path “basic psychological needs satisfaction-autonomous motivation-well-being” within HP.

Methods

We invited first-year students in the field of HP (N = 850) to fill out an electronic survey, measuring the satisfaction of each basic psychological need, autonomous motivation, and well-being and performed structural equation modelling to examine the paths between these variables.

Results

In total, 202 students completed the survey (response rate 23.8%). Our model had an acceptable model fit: CFI = 0.924, TLI = 0.916, RMSEA = 0.052, SRMR = 0.057, chi-square test of model fit = 688.678 (p < .001). Autonomy satisfaction was directly and positively associated with autonomous motivation. The satisfaction of relatedness and competence was directly and positively associated with well-being, and each of them explained approximately the same degree of strength in well-being. Autonomous motivation did not have a direct effect on well-being.

Conclusion

When students perceived their programs as autonomy supportive, they might develop higher autonomous motivation. Fostering students’ relatedness and competence might enhance students’ well-being. Teachers and curriculum designers can consider developing learning environments that support students’ autonomy, relatedness, and competence.
Laser-based bending of low-E coated flat glass: a comparative experimental study
Authors: Bolakhrif Najoua , Mee Sandra , Pauly Thomas , Baab Adrian , Rist Tobias
Published: July 2024

The bending of glass allows architectural freedom of design and at the same time to offer ecological and economical sustainable advantages through material-appropriate design. Coated low-emissivity and uncoated glass were treated using our innovative laser-induced bending technique. The microstructure and spectral properties of coated low-emissivity and uncoated glass were analysed by scanning electron microscopy and spectrophotometry. Due to the anisotropy of coated glass, the reflective property significantly impacts the bending process dependent on the side exposed to the laser. If the laser-based bending is focused on the uncoated side of low-emissivity glass, a faster bending process compared to the uncoated glass is observed while maintaining the same laser power. The reflective properties of low-emissivity glass are maintained after the bending process. The near infrared reflectance of low-emissivity glass remains about 50% higher than uncoated glass. This study presents the laser-based glass bending technology as fit for purpose and proves the applicability of coated bent glass for architectural purposes.
Multi-level analysis of access to drinking water in rural communes in the south of the Kaffrine region, Senegal
Authors: Fall Mamadou , Kane Coura , Niang Awa
Published: July 2024

In Senegal, there are disparities in access to drinking water at several levels. There are major differences between urban and rural areas. In rural areas, poverty, the abundance or scarcity of water infrastructure, and the distance between the place of residence and the place of supply are, to some extent, factors in the disparity in rates of access to drinking water from one village to another and, within the same village, from one household to another. Determining the sources of variance between villages and households regarding access to drinking water is based on the identification of several explanatory variables, both at the aggregate level (village level) and at the individual level (household level). Multilevel analysis has shown that differences in household access to drinking water are due to several factors that can be grouped into two categories: contextual variables that vary from one village to another, and individual characteristics that differ from one household to another. The aim of this article is to analyze the factors that explain the disparity in access to drinking water in rural communes in the south of the Kaffrine region. The usefulness of multilevel analysis lies in its ability to solidify causal inference in the associations between the infrastructural levels of villages, in terms of water facilities, and their impact on the level of access to drinking water of rural households as reported (Bringe and Golaz in Manuel pratique d’analyse multiniveau, Ined Éditions, Aubervilliers, 2017), as reported (Diane et al., in Analyse multiniveau pour expliquer la prévalence d’impacts sanitaires néfastes autorapportés et l’adaptation lorsqu’il fait très chaud et humide en été dans les secteurs les plus défavorisés des neuf villes les plus populeuses du Québec en 2011, 2015).
Exogenous application of citric acid mitigates salt-induced oxidative stress in Moringa oleifera seedlings
Authors: Hajaji Afef Nasraoui , Maaroufi-Dguimi Houda , Ammari Youssef
Published: July 2024

Seeds of Moringa oleifera were planted in sandy and vermicular soil (1/2 w/w) and irrigated with Hoagland solution. Two weeks later, the seedlings were divided into three groups: The first group was irrigated with a control solution (Hoagland solution), the second with a salt solution (10 g/l NaCl) and the third group with a mixed solution (10 g/l NaCl and 100 mM citric acid (CA)). Salinity induced a substantial inhibitory effect on seedling growth of Moringa oleifera. Salt treatment reduced shoot fresh weight (FW), the content of photosynthetic pigments and total soluble proteins (SP). Furthermore, salt treatment resulted in accumulation of total free amino acids, soluble sugars and proline. CA supply in saline solution improved shoot growth, and photosynthetic pigment and soluble proteins levels. The important content of citric acid in leaves was accompanied with a decrease of total free amino acids, soluble sugar and proline contents. More that, exogenous application of citric acid led to a decrease of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation, reflecting the reduction in the imbalance situation and membrane damage induced by salt stress. Alternatively, citric acid supply in saline conditions reduced the rise of superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities induced under salinity. Citric acid enhanced the growth rate of salt-treated Moringa oleifera via enhancing antioxidant function. Consequently, citric acid treatment may be a promising method for improving Moringa oleifera plants’ tolerance to salt stress.