bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interaction of charged magnetic nanoparticles with surfaces
Authors: Valdés Miguel , Juárez Onofre Josué , Ibarra Hurtado Jaime , Valdez-grijalva Miguel
Published: September 2024

The behavior of magnetic nanoparticles covering the surface with positive charges (MN), suspended in a continuous medium, was simulated by Brownian dynamics. Then, we studied the behavior of the MN in an aqueous-like suspension and their adsorption on a negatively charged surface, mimicking a mica surface. After several microseconds, particles are deposited onto the charged surface. Experimental results of ordered magnetic nanoparticles in surfaces are compared with the present simulation results of MN in two dimensions. We also demonstrate the effect of charged MN on the hexagonal structure when electrical repulsions dominate against magnetic dipole-dipole and van der Waals attractions. On one hand, the adsorption of MN on the surface depends on the electrostatic attraction force with the surface, while the surface organization of MN results from balancing electrostatic repulsion forces and magnetic attraction forces among particles. In magnetic nanoparticles simulated with a non-charged surface or weakly charged surface, dipole-dipole interactions dominate the particle-particle interactions, and the interactions between particles and a mica-like surface are conducted by van der Waals forces.
Solitary wave type solutions of nonlinear improved mKdV equation by modified techniques
Authors: Alhefthi R. K. , Khan Muhammad Ishfaq , Sabi’u Jamilu , Marwat Dil Nawaz Khan , Inc Mustafa
Published: September 2024

In this paper, the improved and modified version of the Sardar sub-equation method (IMSSEM) and the improved generalized Riccati equation mapping method (IGREMM) are manipulated effectively and generously to determine the exact solitary wave soliton solutions of the improved modified KdV (mKdV) equation. The purpose of this study is to provide novel exact solutions to the improved mKdV equation. Specifically, we utilized IMSSEM and IGREMM to study different solutions of the nonlinear improved mKdV equation, focusing on exponential, trigonometric, and trigonometric hyperbolic type solutions. Furthermore, the plotting of various solutions for direct viewing analysis is provided in two and three-dimensional graphs. The new strategies are straightforward, quick, and efficient and have many other advantages, whereas, they provide the most accurate and unique solution to many other types of nonlinear partial differential equations (NPDEs), which usually arise in engineering and applied sciences. It should be noted that these methodologies are novel mathematical instruments that have shown to be the most effective mathematical tools for solving higher-order nonlinear partial differential equations in mathematical physics. Symbolic computation was used to validate all of the solutions that were established. Thus, it is also hoped that these techniques will ultimately reduce the cumbersome workload involved during the process of solutions to complicated NLPDEs.
Phase signal analysis for high-sensitive temperature fiber-optic external Fabry-Perot-cavity sensor
Authors: Lozano-Hernández Tania , Jáuregui-Vázquez Daniel , Estudillo-Ayala Julián Moisés , Diaz-Cervantes Erik , Álvarez-Chavez José Alfredo , Sierra-Hernández Juan Manuel , Offerhaus Herman
Published: September 2024

We experimentally demonstrate a highly temperature-sensitive external Fabry-Perot cavity. The interferometric structure is composed of an air-microcavity; its fabrication uses a microcapillary and UV polymer. A temperature sensitivity close to 5.7 nm/ºC is achieved with suitable linearity (0.9896) and minimal hysteresis; a phase analysis technique is proposed and applied to overcome the trade-off between sensitivity and range of operation. This technique provides a competitive sensitivity (0.84 rad/ºC), good linearity (0.9934), and a range of operation from 25 °C to 41 °C.
Dielectric properties of Pouteria sapota compounds in terahertz frequency range
Authors: Vilchis Héber , López-Páez María Fernanda , Conde Jorge , Briones Edgar , López Morales Guadalupe
Published: September 2024

The analysis and a mathematical approximation of the dielectric properties of Pouteria sapota (Mamey) pulp compounds in the Terahertz (THz) range are presented. Since THz electromagnetic waves show a high sensitivity to detect water content when interacting with organic materials, this technique was used to determine the effective dielectric function (EDF) of a wet and a dry sample from the THz spectrum data. By fitting the EDF to the Landau-Lifshitz-Looyenga (LLL) dielectric mixture equation, the theoretical dielectric functions of each pulp compounds were approximated. The approach proposed here not only considered dry matter and water content in the Pouteria sapota pulp, as has been reported in the literature for organic samples, but also included the contribution of the volatile components (VC) that allowed a better adjustment to the experimental results. The water and VC content increase the value of the real and imaginary part of the calculated EDF of the wet sample. The use of the non-destructive THz spectroscopy technique allows determining the dielectric properties of fruits that have been dehydrated. Therefore, the methodology proposed here can be used as a method of in situ and ex situ quality control in the agri-food industry.
On Dunkl-Bose-Einstein Condensation in Harmonic Traps
Authors: Hocine A. , Hamil B. , Merabtine F. , Lütfüoğlu Bekir Can , Benarous M.
Published: September 2024

The use of the Dunkl derivative, defined by a combination of the difference-differential and reflection operators, allows the classification of the solutions according to even and odd solutions. Recently, we considered the Dunkl formalism to investigate the Bose-Einstein condensation of an ideal Bose gas confined in a gravitational field. In this work, we address another essential problem and examine an ideal Bose gas trapped by a three-dimensional harmonic oscillator within the Dunkl formalism. To this end, we derive an analytic expression for the critical temperature of the N particle system, discuss its value at large-N limit andfinally derive and compare the ground state population with the usual case result. In addition, we explore two thermal quantities, namely the Dunkl-internal energy and the Dunkl-heat capacity functions.
SCIENTIFIC HISTORY IN PRE-MODERN CIVILIZATIONS
Authors: Radzi Sapiee  , Osman Bakar
Published: September 2024

The main arguments in this article pertain to the plurality of approaches in the study of nature in different human civilisations. In the popular Western narrative on scientific history, Greek science is presented as the first rational and empirically-established science in the world. Pre-Greek sciences were not rational in the modern sense but clothed in mythical language. This article discusses the preservation of knowledge of man and the universe in creation myths in the Sumerian, Babylonian, and Egyptian civilisations which existed before the Greek civilisations. The article also discusses the unique character of Islamic science. Like Greek and modern science, Islamic science possesses a rational and empirical character. But unlike them, Islamic science is also symbolic and spiritual incharacter. In other words, Islamic science is religious in nature except that it is free of the kind mythical language that characterises the pre-Greek sciences. The uniqueness of Islamic science is the unity of its rational and symbolic dimensions.
The Malays
Authors: Mohamad Hazizie Sulkafle
Published: September 2024

Launched on 11th June 2022 by His Royal Highness the Sultan of Perak Darul Ridzuan, Sultan Dr. Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah, this book indeed had brought a new perspective in understanding the Malay history, culture, and civilization. The launching of this book took place not long before the premier screening of Mat Kilau, a box-office film in Malaysia which recently had achieved an unprecedented collection of almost RM100 million (as of 13th September 2022). Although these two phenomena were not directly related, yet the publication of this book and the outburst of Mat Kilau film may be seen as part of the recently growing consciousness among the Malays regarding their identity, history, culture, and civilization. The author himself, for example, stated in his Introduction “Malays are at the crossroads. Is there hope for the Malays to find the way out of these self-inflicting mortal wounds?”. Hence, using history as the reference, the author hoped to present the answer to that question to the Malay people.
BRIDGING TRADITION AND MODERNITY IN THAI ISLAM: THE POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS ROLES OF SURIN PITSUWAN (ABDUL HALIM)
Authors: Yusuf Imtiyaz , Thuy Quynh Pham
Published: September 2024

Dr Surin Pitsuwan (Abdul Halim bin Ismail Pitsuwan) (28 October 1949 – 30 November 2017) was a prominent Thai Muslim politician of national and international stature with a colorful career as a journalist, an academic, a member of the Parliament and served first as Deputy Foreign Minister and ​next as the​ Foreign Minister of Thailand from 1992 to 2001, culminating in his career as the Secretary General of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) between 2008 and 2013. Born and bred in a traditional Malay family in Nakhon Si Thammarat, he acquired the pondok and modern education in Thai and American universities. He played an important role in bridging tradition and modernity in Thai Islam by promoting the Thai Muslim community's educational, intellectual, and political upliftment, thereby constructing its integrative face of Islam in Thailand - a Buddhist-majority country. Dr Pitsuwan was an ardent promoter of democratic practice, human resources development and upholding human rights through peaceful means. This article employs qualitative and subjective approaches by drawing data from the speeches, writings, and personal interactions with Dr Pitsuwan. It highlights that peaceful coexistence between the ​Thai ​Muslims and ​the Thai Buddhists​ ​is a reality ​and not an exception.
DENYING AND DEFLECTING THE RACISM OF EMPIRE: THE TROPE OF THE ‘MALEVOLENT NATIVE’ IN THE WRITINGS OF THE COLONIAL FUNCTIONARY AND AUTHOR HUGH CLIFFORD
Authors: Noor Farish A
Published: September 2024

Hugh Charles Clifford (1866-1941) was a colonial functionary who served in various capacities in British Malaya, notably in the kingdom of Pahang (as colonial agent, 1887-1888; Superintendent (1889) and Resident (1896-1900, 1901-1903). Apart from his duties as a colonial administrator, Clifford was also the author of numerous works of fiction that were set in the kingdom and was thus an active contributor to the colonial imaginary. This paper looks at the fictional works of Hugh Clifford. It focuses on one specific theme that recurs repeatedly in several of his works, which is the notion that the aboriginal and other Asiatic communities of the Malay Peninsula were living under the overlordship of the Malays. That a British colonial functionary like Clifford could have foregrounded such a theme while seemingly unaware of his role and subject-position as a functionary of the British Empire is telling in many respects. In many ways, the fictional works of Clifford can be read as a systematic and sustained effort to deny and deflect the racism at the heart of racialized colonial capitalism then, which served as the basis of British imperial rule across Asia and Africa.
TRANS-NATIONALISM AND CIVILISATIONAL IDENTITY: RUMI ON LAND, LANGUAGE AND LOVE
Authors: Zekrgoo Amir H.
Published: September 2024

In the twenty-first century, the eight-hundred-year-old teachings of a Muslim mystic-poet from West-Asia continues to inspire masses with the universal messages of liberty, love, and fraternity. Many of us can still read and enjoy Rumi’s appealing poems in the original Persian language without difficulty – a very rare accident in the arena of world literature! The transcendental meaning of ‘civilizational identity’ has an evident presence in Rumi’s poems, and his teachings are still relevant. This essay aims at presenting Rumi’s borderless mentality and inclusive approach, which is, in many instances, in contrast with the modern tendencies of fragmentation and exclusivism. The discussions begin with a short ‘Introduction’, followed by four main headings. ‘Civilisation, Imitation of Creation,’ provides a brief overview of the transformation of the meaning of ‘civilisation’ from the classical period to the modern times. It also emphasises on the less visible yet essential role of art and literature in the formation of civilisational identity.  ‘Rise of Nationalism as Independent Identity’ touches upon the establishment of nation-states, followed by an elaboration of the positive and negative aspects of ‘Nationalism’ as a recent development in human history. ‘Trans-National Identity of Liberated Souls’ offers a bird’s-eye-view of Rumi’s life across various lands. It introduces Persianate culture as medium of connection of many nations, and showcases Rumi, through his writings, as a borderless, nationless, profound, inclusive, translucent, and love-oriented intellectual. ‘Language: Facilitator or Barrier’ focuses on the idea of communication at two levels: speechless communication and communication via tongue, referring to the esoteric and exoteric aspects of expression. Under this heading we shall also see how a shared language of a few countries – that has been a uniting factor in the history – can become a dividing factor when different ‘name-stickers’ are adopted to accomplish political agendas under the banner of nationalism. And finally, under ‘Conclusion,’ a concise summary of the paper is provided. The essay is complemented by relevant couplets by Rumi and two contemporary poets from Iran and Afghanistan. Fresh English translations of the couplets are provided.
CENTRAL ASIAN WAQF STUDIES DURING COLONIAL, SOVIET, AND INDEPENDENCE PERIODS
Authors: Uktambek Sultonov , Avazbek Ganiyev , Bakar Osman
Published: September 2024

This article is aimed at providing a literature review of waqf studies in Central Asia during the last 150 years since the 1860s and the 1870s until the present. One of the distinctive features of the economic development of the Islamic world is the institution of waqf, which is an integral part of the social history of Muslim society as well as one of its values. This feature is especially true of Central Asia now comprising the five independent republics of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan, which used in the past to be flourishing centres of Islamic civilisation, and which are in possession of a rich waqf legacy. The bibliographical survey of waqf literature in Central Asia spans the whole 150-year period which is divided into three phases, namely the Czarist colonial period (1870s-1917), the Soviet period (1920s-1930s till 1992), and the independence period (1992 until the present). Special attention is paid to the historiography of waqf institution in the region, especially pertaining to waqf foundations, and the extensive waqf literature that was generated over the centuries by the institution. The article concludes with a summary of the significance of the study for contemporary waqf studies, particularly in Uzbekistan.
Book Review: MUHAMMAD THE ULTIMATE LEADER: FROM WESTERN BUSINESS PERSPECTIVES by Daud Batchelor
Authors: Bakar Osman
Published: September 2024

Daud Batchelor, Muhammad the Ultimate Leader: From Western Business Perspectives. Islamic Book Trust, Kuala Lumpur, 2019. 174 pp. ISBN 978-967-0526-70-6; eISBN 978-967-0526-71-3.
The present book under review is rather appealing. Its message is quite simple yet profound. As its title suggests, the book is about knowing the leadership qualities of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) through the lens of Western business perspectives. The thesis of the book is that non-Muslim Westerners may be persuaded to embrace a more positive view of the traditional Muslim claim that "Muhammad is a perennial leader, whose message applies for all time and across multiple fields, and for all people since he was sent as God's final Messenger for all humanity" (p. xi) if only they could see parallels between Muhammad's leadership qualities and the "high leadership qualities cited by Western business writers" (p. xii). This thesis sets the general theme of the book. Thus, in the book, its author Dr Daud Batchelor, a Westerner who converted to Islam, took upon himself the task of identifying "commonly acclaimed corporate leadership attributes cited by Western writers" and then comparing them with the Prophet Muhammad's leadership qualities that are well established in the Islamic tradition.
Book Review: MUSLIM SANZIJING: SHIFTS AND CONTINUITIES IN THE DEFINITION OF ISLAM IN CHINA by Roberta Tontini
Authors: Min Ke-qin Omar
Published: September 2024

Roberta Tontini, Muslim Sanzijing: Shifts and Continuities in the Definition of Islam in China. Boston, Brill, 2016. 246 pp. ISBN 978-90-04-31925-7 (E-book).
Like the well-received works of Zvi Ben-Dor Benite, James Frankel, and Kristian Petersen, Roberta Tontini’s Muslim Sanzijing: Shifts and Continuities in the Definition of Islam in China is a prominent scholarly work on textual analysis in the Chinese Islamic literature of the Han Kitab genre. In her book, the young scholar Tontini focuses her study on selected Islamic primers written in a three-character format (three-character classics of Islam) to "initiate Chinese Muslims in the basic tenets of Islam" (p. 8). She mainly discusses the Sanzijing genre of Chinese Islamic literature, one of the writing styles of Han Kitab literature. The Sanzijing, as one knows, is one of the Chinese classics, a very popular small book composed by an unknown author, in the form of three Chinese characters ("sanzi” 三字 denotes three characters while “jing” 经 signifies "classic") with the rhyme scheme. This form is easy for children to read by heart, at the same time installing in them the basic knowledge of Confucian teachings, Chinese history, geography, astronomy, and more. Chinese Muslim intellectuals knew well the role played by this literature in child education, thereby boldly adopting this form of Chinese literature into Muslim education. The first Chinese ‘alim who employed this form in Muslim education in China was Liu Zhi 刘智 (d. 1764), a prolific Chinese Muslim writer whose works, especially of Tianfang Dianli (Elegant Rituals of Islam) and Tianfang Sanzijing (Three-Characters Classic of Islam) are the main subjects of discussion in Tontini’s current work.
Book Review: ISLAM AND BIOMEDICINE by Afifi al-Akiti & Aasim I. Padela (Editors)
Authors: Hanish Irwan
Published: September 2024

Afifi al-Akiti & Aasim I. Padela, eds., Islam and Biomedicine, Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. 326 pp. ISBN 978-3-030-53800-2.
The book, Islam and Biomedicine, initiates conversations at the junction between the rich Islamic intellectual tradition and the diverse disciplines of Biomedicine. The project has brought together scholars from diverse backgrounds to engage with a critical question: How do biomedical advancements might inform and work with Islamic theological and philosophical traditions?
SUNAN KUDUS' STRATEGIC APPROACH TO CULTURAL ADAPTATION IN THE SELF-OTHER PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Damayanti Adita Nurdia , Sartini
Published: September 2024

Sunan Kudus is one of the Walisongo (the nine revered saints of Islam in Indonesia) figures with a particular way of delivering his teachings. To adapt to the community when conveying the teachings of Islam, he employed art and culture as a medium, established architectural foundations, and established social harmony, so much so that the people of Kudus became relatively untouched by horizontal conflicts. This article aims to explore the cultural adaptation models carried out by Sunan Kudus, find the underlying life principles he utilized, and analyze the thoughts and value principles he maintained within the conceptual framework of self-relationship and self-other relationship. The current research is a field study supported by literary data. The research results of this study indicate that he carried out approaches to the community by emphasizing attitudes of mutual respect, humility, and capacity to benefit the surrounding environment. He demonstrated ways of gaining public sympathy through caution and gradual progress. He entered the community’s life, approached the community members, and understood the things they needed. He applied a cultural approach and technology to help the community fulfil its needs. Prioritizing fostering tolerance among them, he highly encouraged the promotion of community approach that avoided the use of violent means. This study complements the literature on Sunan Kudus about the concept of self-other. This is a new finding concerning the life concepts of Sunan Kudus in his relationship with others, with these concepts functioning as a means for him to win the hearts and minds of the people of Kudus to follow the teachings of Islam and to consider him as a role model. The study results have yet to reveal the concept of self-other in terms of the relationship between human beings (Sunan Kudus) and other creatures.
TEMPORAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL FORCES IN SHAPING IBN KHALDUN'S THEORY: RELEVANCE AND APPLICATION IN MODERN SOCIETAL DYNAMICS
Authors: Tahir Zhilwan , Jalal Nori Abdul Wahed
Published: September 2024

The article examines and discusses temporal and geographical forces shaping Ibn Khaldun's theory's relevance and application in modern societal dynamics. The report provides the critical biographies of Ibn Khaldun to understand better the thinker’s philosophical perspectives on history and civilization. The study explains how historical context shapes Ibn Khaldun’s thought. Moreover, the study argues that Ibn Khaldun had a theory on the development and collapse of states and civilizations relevant to modern societal dynamics. Besides, it evaluates Ibn Khaldun’s concepts and relates them to the present day. This study claims that Ibn Khaldun's perspectives on history, society, and civilization are less subjective and more rational. Further, this study examines the impact of leadership qualities and the influence of ‘asabiyyah and cycle patterns and Ibn Khaldun’s reflections on the socio-economic complexity of the modern world. Ibn Khaldun’s interpretations and definitions of history and civilization resulted in significant innovation in human science. The study adopts qualitative research techniques to achieve its objectives. Ibn Khaldun had a multi-dimensional outlook on civilization and history and the way history develops. This study argues that his multidimensional approach to history deserves a new analytical study.
NECESSITY IN XENOTRANSPLANTATION: ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVES REVISITED
Authors: Wong Kee Lam , Faris Waleed Fekry
Published: September 2024

Organ failures cause significant problems and sufferings which affect the livelihood, quality of life and decrease in life expectancy to the person. The caregivers, family and community also carry the disease burden and costs of the organ failures. Allotransplantation (AT) offers probable cures to organ failure but is limited by the supply of human organs. Organ shortages have resulted in numerous biomedical ethical problems and illegal activities. Xenotransplantation (XT) and specifically Porcine Xenotransplantation (PXT) has high expectations from researchers and clinicians to be the alternative to AT. From the Islamic perspectives, multiple deliberations and fatwas are issued that vary from total prohibition to conditional permissibility and full permissibility. Often, ḍarūrah or dire necessity is invoked to make XT or PXT permissible. The relevant biomedical issues and whether pre-conditions for ḍarūrah have been satisfied are discussed.
THE CONSCIOUSNESS OF TURKIYE IN MALAYSIA: OTTOMAN HISTORY IN MALAYSIAN SECONDARY HISTORY TEXTBOOKS (1989-2022)
Authors: Merican Ahmad Murad , Akgun Tayfun
Published: September 2024

This article explores the teaching of Ottoman history and the image of the Ottomans through a close and critical reading of Malaysian secondary history textbooks used between 1989 and 2022. It argues that Malaysian secondary history textbooks focus mainly on the political and military aspects of sixteenth-century Ottoman history. They do not, consciously or subconsciously, make detailed reference to political and socio-economic turning points in nineteenth-century Ottoman history. Sejarah Tingkatan 2 (History: Form 2), one of the history textbooks examined in the article, exceptionally discusses the impact of Ottoman pan-Islamism and Turkish nationalism on the political and religious thought of the Malays. Nonetheless, history textbooks published after the 2000s have not touched on these important issues. In history textbooks, the Ottoman Empire is regarded as one of the significant states of the Islamic world; therefore, Ottoman history is analyzed within the framework of Islamic history and Islamic civilization. The portrayal of Ottomans is positive and favourable. There are no distortions, biases, or stereotypes concerning Ottoman history in Malaysian secondary history textbooks.
THE BALIK-ISLAM PHENOMENON: FILIPINO MUSLIM REVERTS – BETWEEN THE GULF COUNTRIES AND THE PHILIPPINES
Authors: Mohamed Quadir Harunani  , Thameem Ushama
Published: September 2024

Islam arrived in the Philippines long before Christianity. However, today, at most, only 11% are Muslim in this largest Catholic country in Asia. Muslims comprise mainly of the Moros residing in the Southern parts of the country – Mindanao, Palawan, the Sulu Archipelago – and the Balik-Islam. The Balik-Islam are primarily former Christians who have converted or “returned” (Balik) to Islam. Many amongst the Balik-Islam are former expats or migrant workers who embraced Islam in the Gulf countries and have returned to the Philippines. Their understanding and practice of Islam have been greatly influenced by the stricter, more orthodox Salafi and Wahhabi versions practised by their former “arbaab” (boss or master). This paper delves into the Balik-Islam phenomenon; primarily exploring the reasons for Filipinos converting to Islam, the relationship of the Balik-Islam with the Moros, and their place in the history of the Muslims of the Philippines.
EXPLORING THE ETHICAL DIMENSIONS OF FIQH: THE ROLE OF THE SOUL IN ACHIEVING MAQASID AL-SHARI'AH
Authors: Nurul Ain Norman  , Mohammad Eisa Ruhullah
Published: September 2024

This study delves into the ethical intricacies within Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), with a particular focus on the integral role of the soul in realising the higher objectives of Islamic law, known as maqasid al-shariah. Drawing from classical Islamic jurisprudence and ethical philosophy, the research explores how fiqh goes beyond legal compliance to emphasise the cultivation of moral excellence, with the soul (nafs) serving as a fundamental element in this ethical pursuit. Through alignment with divine purpose, individuals contribute to justice, compassion, and societal well-being. The study offers a concise exploration of fiqh's ethical dimensions, highlighting the profound significance of the soul in the pursuit of maqasid al-shariah, which encompass the preservation of religion, life, intellect, progeny, and property. By shedding light on the ethical dimensions of fiqh and the centrality of the soul in Islamic ethical thought, this study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the moral foundations of Islamic law and jurisprudence, enriching contemporary discourses on ethics and jurisprudence within the Islamic tradition.
FROM OBSERVERS TO PARTICIPANTS: SINO-MUSLIM INTELLECTUAL’S ENGAGEMENT WITH THE ISLAMIC WORLD IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY
Authors: Bao Hsiu-Ping
Published: September 2024

This paper aims to shed light on the evolving perception of the Sino-Muslim intellectuals on Pan Islamism as they engaged with the Islamic world. Scholarly literature examining the relationship between Sino-Muslim intellectuals and the Islamic world often discusses the role of Chinese Azharites in the 1930s. However, the engagement of Sino-Muslim intellectuals with the Islamic world prior to the emergence of Chinese Azharites is rarely explored. This paper aims to address this gap by examining the process of Sino-Muslim intellectuals’ engagement with the Islamic world in the early twentieth century, using magazines, books and travelogues published by Sino-Muslim intellectuals and official archives as primary sources. It argues that their level of engagement with the Islamic world depends on their acceptance of Pan-Islamism, an idea that emerged in the late nineteenth century advocating for the political unity of the Islamic world. Notably, the engagement of Sino-Muslim intellectuals with the Islamic world was not always as harmonious. Prior to the end of World War I, most Sino-Muslim intellectuals were sceptical of the idea of Pan-Islamism, which hindered the relationship between Sino Muslim communities and governments. Nevertheless, after World War I, thanks to the efforts of certain Sino-Muslim intellectuals, they not only embraced this idea but also actively participated in various issues in the Islamic world.
CRITICISMS ON ONTOLOGICAL RELATIVISM OF MODERN SCIENCE BY SYED MUHAMMAD NAQUIB AL-ATTAS AND SEYYED HOSSEIN NASR
Authors: Khalina Mohammed Khalili
Published: September 2024

Postmodern approaches to science introduce various methods, and result in multiple explanations and competing theories. This has exacerbated the science war in philosophy of science. The ongoing disputes known as ‘science war’ is a consequence of ontological disputes within the philosophical branch of metaphysics. Even though science had denied the importance of metaphysics in its practice, this paper argues that the recognition of philosophy specifically that in regards to metaphysics is a solution to the confusion arising from relativism of knowledge. As part of a preliminary attempt to confront this problem, this paper focuses on the criticisms of Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas and Seyyed Hossein Nasr on the ontology of modern science, which issues from the denial of metaphysics by modern scientists. Their views on ontology are part of both scholars’ Islamic philosophy of science. This is a qualitative research based on historical, doctrinal and comparative analysis of the primary works by the two scholars. The arguments are presented within the scope of philosophy of science based on the framework of the Islamic intellectual tradition. Thus, we find that a wider and transcendental epistemology is possible for understanding the multiple levels of reality subsumed within the metaphysics of Islam, which opens the door to reality and truth.
THE MALAY EPISTEMOLOGICAL BACKGROUND IN THE ISLAMIC WRITINGS OF HAMZAH FANSŪRĪ
Authors: Tee Boon Chuan
Published: September 2024

The study of Hamzah Fansūrī’s writings has long been focused on understanding its connection to Islamic philosophy rather than its indigenous philosophical origins. The objective of this study is to identify and expose the traditional Malay epistemological background behind Hamzah Fansūrī’s writings. This objective is achieved through the evidence and analysis methods of historical linguistics on the one hand, and by judging these analytical conclusions based on Buddhist Yogācāra’s epistemology of Śrīvijaya on the other hand. Three important research findings are as follows: 1) the overall style of Hamzah Fansūrī’s writings is the logical tradition of Dignāga, 2) all the metaphors of Hamzah Fansūrī’s writings, which are of the type of pariṇāma theory, can be understood in the epistemological tradition of Vasubandhu, which was influential in the writings of Śrīvijaya from the end of the seventh century to the beginning of the eleventh century, and 3) Hamzah Fansūrī’s works are also influenced by the recent Malayu-Singapura philosophy of Saṃkhyā, mainly the distinction between śabda and katā, which is used to receive the new Islamic epistemological distinctions and traditions. In other words, to say that the Śrīvijaya period had no major impact on philosophy, and that pre-Islamic Malay mind was more aesthetic than philosophical cannot be supported by the writings of Hamzah Fansūrī.
DEVOTIONAL POETRY IN TECHNICAL MANUSCRIPT TERMINOLOGY: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE ROSE GARDEN OF PURITY (GOLZĀR-E ṢAFĀ)
Authors: Amir H. Zekrgoo  , Mandana Barkeshli
Published: September 2024

Among the wide variety of Persian manuscript categories, there is a distinctive genre that includes recipes on materials and technics of manuscript production. And within this genre, we come across distinctly interesting works that adopt charming romantic poetry to record subjects that are rather dull, dry, and unattractive to the general audience! One of such historical sources is a sixteenth century manuscript entitled Rose Garden of Purity (Golzār-e Ṣafā) by ʿAlī Ṣayrafī, preserved in Paris Central Library. The subject of this research is the manuscript’s impressive Preface in which the poet expresses his sincere devotion to his Creator, and begs for forgiveness – all in melodious poetic language, using technical manuscript terms, colors and pigments as symbols and metaphors. The essay provides an opening remark entitled ‘Manuscripts on Manuscript Production’ followed by and introduction to the manuscript of ‘Golzār-e Ṣafā (Rose Garden of Purity). The little knowledge extracted about ʿAlī Ṣayrafī from the manuscript is shared under ‘The Author-cum-Poet.’ ‘Preface with 12 Couplets’ is the focal point of the essay; there the 12 couplets (24 hemistiches) are presented in the original language (Farsi/Persian) along with an English translation that is published here for the first time. A detailed analysis of technical terms used in the Preface, and an elaboration of their symbolic significance, is presented under ‘Expression of Devotion in Technical Manuscript Vocabulary.’
On Muslim Democracy: Essays and Dialogues
Authors: Phar Kim Beng
Published: September 2024

Rached Ghannouchi and Andrew F. March, On Muslim Democracy: Essays and Dialogues. Oxford University Press, New York City, 2023. 248 pp. ISBN 9780197666876.
The compatibility of Islam and democracy is an old theme. The concept of Shura or, consultation, for example, is often invoked by many as one of the finest examples of democratic dialogue on how a leader could be elected after the demise of Prophet Muhammad. The Messenger of Islam himself is often seen as a democrat. After all, he often made decisions through deliberate consultations. Then again, how could the Prophet not have made any decisions in any way or form that is democratic when he led eighty out of a total of eighty-seven military expeditions during his role as the Messenger of Islam. Why then the need to explain time and again that Islam is compatible to democracy? Why can't it be taken as an article of faith for the lack of a better word?
Emerging Epistemologies: The Changing Fabric of Knowledge in Postnormal Times
Authors: Osman Bakar
Published: September 2024

Ziauddin Sardar, ed. Emerging Epistemologies: The Changing Fabric of Knowledge in Postnormal Times. London. IIIT and The Centre for Postnormal Policy and Future Studies, London, 2022. 184 pp. ISBN: 978-1-64205-659-4 (hardback); 978-1-56564-602-5 (paperback); 978-1-56564-012-2 (ebook).
Ziauddin Sardar’s recently edited book is a collection of articles by several authors on the interesting theme of emerging epistemologies brought about by what he terms “the changing fabric of knowledge in postnormal times.” Apparently driven by an intellectual desire to convey to the whole world the important message that humanity is now living in “postnormal times,” and yet it is still stubbornly clinging to the colonial epistemology, Sardar aptly titled his Introduction “Beyond the Epistemologies of Conquest and Desire.” It is a title that is loaded with messages about the past, at least in the realm of knowledge, beyond which the human mind should now attempt to focus its attention on the understanding of the emerging present.
חינוך, CHINUCH: ISRAEL’S EDUCATION SYSTEM AND QUESTIONS OF IDENTITY
Authors: Arief S. Arman
Published: September 2024

Albeit in a different context, Wiesel’s soliloquy resonates with the pressing questions on the formation of identity, and contingent quest for meaning for many Jews. Indeed, what are the right questions to ask the divine, in as much as the divine seems to be indifferent to the indignation suffered by Jews, especially when it comes to the memory of the Shoah (?) The space to ask such questions sets itself in the rigmarole of the everyday, and ties in with notions of belonging and memory. These concepts are thus linked to the theme of religion in global politics, exemplified in the curious case of Israel. Prior to its establishment in 1948, the founders of Israel often applied religious justifications for its creation and subsequent existence, with a ‘return to homeland’ among the oft-heard sentiments. The purposes of this paper are varied. The first is to understand the character of Israel through the theoretical framework provided by Rogers Brubaker in his ‘Four Approaches to Nationalism’, with a focus on how nationalism itself can be argued as a form of religion. Secondly, we will look at the justifications to why secular education – as an extension on nationalism as religion – has taken root in Israel. We proceed with an argument that the removal of religious knowledge (primarily ethics) from the Israeli education system will prove to be detrimental in the long run, as the relationship between individuals will thus be determined purely in the language of capital, and ‘success’ as defined by market forces, which runs counter to genuine solidarity.
THE ISLAMIZATION OF THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO IN OTTOMAN MANUSCRIPTS
Authors: Alaeddin Tekin
Published: September 2024

The Ottoman archives possess one of the most extensive collections globally. With its repository of 95 million documents, it stands out as a rare archive that not only illuminates the Ottoman Empire but also contributes to the broader scope of world history. Within the Ottoman archives, numerous documents pertain to the Malay World, predominantly encompassing the colonial occupations within the region and diplomatic endeavours undertaken by the Ottoman Caliphate. Each of these documents has been meticulously examined, unearthing original insights into the propagation of Islam in the Malay Archipelago. Among these insights are correspondences dispatched by regional sultans to  stanbul, while a significant portion emerges from research conducted by Ottoman-appointed consuls in the archipelago. This study's central aim revolves around assessing the progression of Islam into the Malay Archipelago—a region housing the world's most densely populated Muslim community—using resources within the Ottoman archives.
SILK ROAD, ISLAM, AND CONFUCIANISM
Authors: Osman Bakar
Published: September 2024

The history of the Silk Road, or Silk Routes as some historians prefer to call it, is one of the most impactful periods in human history spanning nearly sixteen centuries, from the second century BCE until the fifteenth century CE. It was the opening of trade to the outside world by the Han dynasty in China in 130 BCE that opened the official curtain of the Silk Road history. This Silk Road history may be regarded as the history of the encounters of the greatest human civilisations before modern times. It is a period of history that witnessed the birth of two great religions and civilisations of the world, namely Christianity and Islam. In the context of our present discussion, it is not the history of the individual religions and civilisations sharing the approximately 6,437 kilometre or 4,000 milelong Silk Road that mainly interests us. Rather, it is the inter-civilisational encounters that went into the shaping of the Silk Road history in question.
Запасы углерода крупных древесных остатков в лесных экосистемах тестового полигона «Ляльский» (средняя тайга, Республика Коми)
Authors:   Институт биологии Коми НЦ УрО РАН, Осипов А. Ф. , Манов А. В. , Кузнецов М. А. , Гуляев Р. Г. , Загирова С. В.
Published: September 2024

Крупные древесные остатки (КДО) являются важным компонентом лесных экосистем, который необходимо учитывать при оценке цикла углерода и экосистемных услуг. Цель настоящей работы ˗ оценить запасы углерода и его распределение по компонентам в КДО лесных экосистем тестового полигона «Ляльский». Исследование выполнено на 29 постоянных пробных площадях, заложенных в различных типах насаждений в границах полигона. Массу КДО оценивали с применением данных базисной плотности с учетом стадии разложения к объему отмершей древесины, который затем переводили в количество углерода, используя коэффициент 0.47. Запасы углерода в КДО варьировали в широких пределах со средним значением в древостоях с преобладанием ели 5.90±0.99 (CV=67%) т/га, сосны – 2.57±0.42 (CV=49%) т/га, мелколиственных пород – 3.72±1.23 (CV=66%) т/га. Сухостойные деревья составляли более 50% КДО, на долю валежа в среднем приходилось 10–26%, пней – 4–8%. Показан вклад древесных пород в формирование КДО, который зависел от доминирующего вида, образующего древесный ярус исследуемого насаждения. В экосистемах на автоморфных почвах возрастало участие сопутствующих древесных пород в массе углерода КДО. Предложены конверсионные коэффициенты для оценки запаса углерода в КДО по данным объема древесины древостоя, которые в среднем составили 0.02–0.04 т/м3 с более высокими величинами в сообществах с преобладанием ели. Полученные данные по запасам углерода в КДО найдут применение при региональных оценках углеродного цикла лесных экосистем.
Особенности генезиса естественных городских почв парково-рекреационных зон Ростовской агломерации
Authors:   Южный федеральный университет, Сальник Н. В. , Горбов С. Н. , Тагивердиев С. С. , Скрипников П. Н. , Безуглова О. С.
Published: September 2024

В работе представлены результаты изучения профильного распределения макроэлементов в черноземах миграционно-сегрегационных парково-рекреационных зон Ростовской агломерации в контексте с сопряженными элементарными почвообразовательными процессами. Макроэлементный состав свидетельствует, что наряду с описанной ранее интенсификацией двух ведущих элементарных почвообразовательных процессов, таких как гумусообразование / гумусонакопление и миграция карбонатов, при смене травянистых растительных формаций на древесные происходит также интенсификация сопутствующего элементарного почвообразовательного процесса – оглинивания. Это идентифицируется по изменениям в элементном химическом составе и перераспределению основных его компонентов в профилях почв под лесными насаждениями.
РОЛЬ ЭКТОМИКОРИЗЫ ДРЕВЕСНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ В ДИНАМИКЕ ОРГАНИЧЕСКОГО ВЕЩЕСТВА ЛЕСНЫХ ПОЧВ: ОБОБЩЕНИЕ И КОНЦЕПТУАЛИЗАЦИЯ ИМЕЮЩИХСЯ ДАННЫХ
Authors:   Центр по проблемам экологии и продуктивности лесов РАН, Чертов О. Г. , Припутина И. В. ,   Институт физико-химических и биологических проблем почвоведения  РАН — обособленное подразделение Федерального исследовательского центра  «Пущинский научный центр биологических исследований Российской академии наук», Шанин В. Н. ,   Центр по проблемам экологии и продуктивности лесов РАН,   Институт физико-химических и биологических проблем почвоведения  РАН — обособленное подразделение Федерального исследовательского центра  «Пущинский научный центр биологических исследований Российской академии наук», Фролов П. В.
Published: September 2024

Рассмотрены основные аспекты функционирования эктомикоризы древесных растений, которые влияют на формирование и разложение почвенного органического вещества (ПОВ) лесных почв. Эктомикориза потребляет на свой рост корневые экссудаты деревьев и образует густую сеть внешнего мицелия, который имеет короткий жизненный цикл. Благодаря этому происходит быстрый оборот биомассы мицелия с формированием большого количества внутрипочвенного опада, превышающего по массе поверхностный опад листвы/хвои. Био- и некромасса мицелия потребляется почвенной биотой разных функциональных групп и уровней почвенных пищевых сетей (soil food webs) с образованием твердофазных продуктов метаболизма, представляющих собой лабильный богатый азотом пул молодого органического вещества почвы. Это определяет весомый вклад эктомикоризы в пополнение ПОВ. Одновременно разложение этого лабильного пула ПОВ служит механизмом возврата в почву азота, доступного для корней растений, что определяет положительный эффект эктомикоризы на рост деревьев и других растений в лесных сообществах. Таким образом, рассмотрение процессов влияния эктомикоризы на органическое вещество почвы должно включать триаду организмов “растение – микориза – почвенная биота” (включая как микроорганизмы, так и почвенную фауну).
Comparison of Surgery and Stent Application in the Treatment of Tracheal Stenosis
Authors: Güzey Özgür , Yaşaroğlu Murat
Published: September 2024

Introduction Tracheal stenosis is a pathology that is gradually increasing and requires intervention. Surgical treatment has been used as the gold standard for years, but it is difficult to decide on surgery in patients with comorbidities and high surgical risk. We aimed to evaluate the data of both treatment methods applied in our center.

Materials And Methods Our study was designed as retrospective and observational. The data of 61 patients who underwent resection & reconstruction or stent due to tracheal stenosis in our center between May 2002 and May 2019 were analyzed. 54 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study.

Results 44 patients who met the inclusion criteria were studied. Both treatment methods were found to be effective in reducing the stenosis and regressing the complaints. The average age in the stent group was higher than in the surgery group. As the intensive care period in the intubated state increases; Severe stenosis and deterioration of cartilage integrity increased. An increase in antibiotic switching rates was observed in steroid users. Post-procedure complication rate was 22.5% in the surgery group, 53.5% in the stent group. The satisfaction score of the surgery group was higher than the stent group.

Conclusion Both treatment methods are effective in improving respiratory functions and quality of life. The lesion was located higher in the surgical group and was longer in the stent group. Hospitalization times were longer in patients with severe stenosis and antibiotic changes were more frequent in patients using steroids. No statistically significant difference was found.