bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New records of Pluteus section Hispidoderma in Turkey Based on Morphological Characteristics and Molecular Data
Authors: KAYGUSUZ OGUZHAN , TÜRKEKUL IBRAHIM , KNUDSEN HENNING , ÇOLAK ÖMER FARUK
Published: August 2019

Twenty-six species from various sections of the genus Pluteus have been recorded from Turkey until now. In this study, phylogenetic analyses inferred from the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) were conducted for species delimitation and for comparisons with closely related taxa of Pluteus sect. Hispidoderma in Turkey. Our results show that P. granularis is recorded in Turkey and Europe for the first time, P. granulatus in Turkey for the first time and in Europe for the third time, P. umbrosoides in Turkey for the first time and in the world for the second time, and P. variabilicolor in Turkey for the first time. Also in this study, sequencing data for P. leoninus, P. plautus, P. roseipes, P. semibulbosus and P. umbrosus as well as the above-mentioned new records are presented for the first time from Turkey as a different geographical area. Analyses of the ITS showed that the lowest sequence divergence among in-group taxa was observed between P. semibulbosus and P. aff. semibulbosus 0.010% (SE = 0.004), the next was between P. chrysaegis and P. conizatus var. africanus 0.012% (SE = 0.004). The highest sequence divergence with in-group taxa was found between P. plautus and P. umbrosoides, 0.351% (SE = 0.039). In terms of habitat, Fagus orientalis is recorded as a new host for P. granulatus, P. granularis, P. umbrosoides, and P. umbrosus; Picea orentalis is a new host to P. granularis; Carpinus betulus for P. umbrosus; and the relict endemic Liquidambar orientalis for P. variabilicolor. Finally, this study provides detailed morphological descriptions, macro photographs and microstructure drawings relating to species of Pluteus sect. Hispidoderma from Turkey, which are rare, interesting and noteworthy. An identification key is provided for present species of Pluteus sect. Hispidoderma occurring in the country.
The Role of Tropical Heating and Internal Variability in the California Response to the 2015/16 ENSO Event
Authors: Swenson Erik T. , Straus David M. , Snide Chelsea E. , Fahad Abdullah al
Published: August 2019

Ensemble reforecast experiments are performed for the boreal winters of 2015/16 (an El Niño year) and 2016/17 in order to understand the origin of the highly unexpected low precipitation over Southern California (SoCal) during 2015/16. The specific hypothesis tested is that the December–March anomalies in (i) SoCal precipitation (highly negative) and (ii) the 200-hPa height field in the Pacific–North American (PNA) region (unusual for an El Niño year) were forced by tropical diabatic heating, as estimated from reanalysis fields. Ten-member ensemble reforecasts for November–March for each year were carried out using the Community Earth System Model and the Climate Forecast System, version 2, models. They were repeated with diabatic heating fields added to the temperature tendencies produced by the models over the tropical Indo-Pacific region throughout the reforecasts. These added fields were obtained from an iterative process that greatly reduces the error in the seasonal mean, trend, and parabolic fit of the model heating (compared to reanalysis estimates). The SoCal precipitation and PNA height field ensemble-mean differences between 2015/16 and 2016/17 for the control and added-heating experiments showed a strong El Niño–like response in both models, including high SoCal precipitation anomalies. Using partial least squares regression to relate variations in SoCal precipitation to the PNA height field within the reforecasts, we further confirm that the observed anomalies are due to noise, and do not constitute a response forced by the seasonal-mean tropical diabatic heating in the Indo-Pacific region.
On the Application of Machine Learning Techniques to Regression Problems in Sea Level Studies
Authors: Hieronymus Magnus , Hieronymus Jenny , Hieronymus Fredrik
Published: August 2019

Long sea level records with high temporal resolution are of paramount importance for future coastal protection and adaptation plans. Here we discuss the application of machine learning techniques to some regression problems commonly encountered when analyzing such time series. The performance of artificial neural networks is compared with that of multiple linear regression models on sea level data from the Swedish coast. The neural networks are found to be superior when local sea level forcing is used together with remote sea level forcing and meteorological forcing, whereas the linear models and the neural networks show similar performance when local sea level forcing is excluded. The overall performance of the machine learning algorithms is good, often surpassing that of the much more computationally costly numerical ocean models used at our institute.
Using the Translation Speed and Vertical Structure of Gust Fronts to Infer Buoyancy Deficits within Thunderstorm Outflow
Authors: Hutson Abby , Weiss Christopher , Bryan George
Published: August 2019

This study investigates whether the thermodynamics of supercell rear-flank outflow can be inferred from the propagation speed and vertical structure of the rear-flank gust front. To quantify the relationship between outflow thermodynamic deficit and gust front structure, CM1 is applied as a two-dimensional cold pool model to assess the vertical slope of cold pools of varying strength in different configurations of ambient shear. The model was run with both free-slip and semislip lower boundary conditions and the results were compared to observations of severe thunderstorm outflow captured by the Texas Tech University Ka-band mobile radars. Simulated cold pools in the free-slip model achieve the propagation speeds predicted by cold pool theory, while cold pool speeds in the semislip model propagate slower. Density current theory is applied to the observed cold pools and predicts the cold pool speed to within about 2 m s−1. Both the free-slip and semislip model results reveal that, in the same sheared flow, the edge of a strong cold pool is less inclined than that of a weaker cold pool. Also, a cold pool in weak ambient shear has a steeper slope than the same cold pool in stronger ambient shear. Nonlinear regressions performed on data from both models capture the proper dependence of slope on buoyancy and shear, but the free-slip model does not predict observed slopes within acceptable error, and the semislip model overpredicts the cold pool slope for all observed cases, but with uncertainty due to shear estimation.
Plain Language Summary: Sudden Hearing Loss
Authors: Chandrasekhar Sujana S. , Hollingsworth Deena B. , Monjur Taskin M. , Satterfield Lisa
Published: August 2019

This plain language summary explains sudden hearing loss (SHL) to patients and focuses on sudden sensorineural (pronounced sen‐suh‐ree‐noo r‐uh l) hearing loss (SSNHL). The summary is for adult patients aged 18 and over and is based on the 2019 “Clinical Practice Guideline: Sudden Hearing Loss (Update).” The guideline uses research to advise doctors and other health care providers on the proper testing and treatment of patients with SSNHL. The guideline includes recommendations that are explained in this summary. Recommendations may not apply to every patient but can be used to help patients ask questions and make decisions in their own care.
Experimental study on the mechanical behavior of BFRP-bamboo composite beam
Authors: Lv Qingfang , Liu Ye
Published: August 2019

This article proposes a basalt fiber-reinforced plastic–bamboo (BFRP-bamboo) composite beam consisting of BFRP sheet and laminated bamboo, aiming at fully utilizing advantages of bamboo and BFRP to improve the mechanical behavior of the laminated bamboo beam. A two-step test program is involved: (1) double shear test for bonding behavior between the BFRP and laminated bamboo and (2) loading test for mechanical behaviors of both laminated bamboo and BFRP-bamboo composite beams. Parameters affecting the bonding behavior are firstly concluded as the coated surface resin, types of bonding materials, and interfacial treatment. Then, the failure patterns of both laminated bamboo and BFRP-bamboo composite beam are discussed based on experimental observations. Key mechanical indexes, including the yield force, yield displacement, ultimate load, ultimate displacement, ductility, and stiffness, are analyzed based on load–displacement curves of tested specimens. Besides, theoretical analyses of bearing capacity of the BFRP-bamboo composite beam, featured as fracture failure, are conducted.
Analytical prediction of broadband noise from mini-RPA propellers with serrated edges
Authors: Halimi Akila , Marinus Benoit G , Larbi Salah
Published: August 2019

This paper is dedicated to the analysis of the broadband noise of an innovative mini-remotely piloted aircraft propeller geometry with straight or serrated edges. New analytical models for predicting the trailing/leading edges noise from airfoils with serrated edges are implemented and applied to propellers using a blade strip approach. These models are assessed by comparison with spectra obtained from time-domain Lattice Boltzmann method simulations. Obtained results showed that the analytical models are able to predict the noise from either straight or serrated propellers with a good accuracy. A parametric study was conducted to predict the noise emitted by propellers featuring sawtooth trailing edge or leading edge serrations with different parameters. It is shown that the best performance in terms of noise reduction is achieved by sharp and deep serrations. The effects of flow conditions on the noise emitted by the serrated propellers are also investigated.
A copycat crime meme: Ghost riding the whip
Authors: Surette Ray
Published: August 2019

A 2006 US copycat crime wave came into being, surged with thousands of crimes committed, and dissipated without substantial news media attention. The development of this early copycat crime meme is traceable to the nature of the crime, “ghost riding the whip,” and the social media and popular music communication channels associated with it. Ghost riding the whip involved traffic violations where drivers exit their cars and dance atop or alongside the moving driverless vehicles. Social media allowed the widespread diffusion of detailed instructions that spread this crime from a single minority community to the middle class within a 3-month period. The study of this copycat crime meme examined four types of data: Google Trends, rap songs, ProQuest news media data, and YouTube videos. The examination of the crime wave suggests how Gabriel Tarde’s 19th-century ideas operate in the contemporary social media era. However, unlike pre-social media-based crime waves that were launched via interpersonal and legacy media communication pathways, for ghost riding, rap songs, YouTube postings, and Google searches spurred its growth. Legacy media were found to be most important during the crime wave’s decline, but not during its diffusion. For this copycat crime meme, social media’s influence flowed in a unique upward and outward pattern and the results raise the research questions as to how social media have changed the dynamics of crime waves and how important legacy media will be in future crime waves.
Gut microbiome in chronic rheumatic and inflammatory bowel diseases: Similarities and differences
Authors: Salem Fatouma , Kindt Nadège , Marchesi Julian R , Netter Patrick , Lopez Anthony , Kokten Tunay , Danese Silvio , Jouzeau Jean-Yves , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Moulin David
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and chronic rheumatic diseases (CRDs) are systemic chronic disorders sharing common genetic, immune and environmental factors. About half of patients with IBD develop rheumatic ailments and microscopic intestinal inflammation is present in up to half of CRD patients. IBD and CRD patients also share a common therapeutic armamentarium. Disequilibrium in the complex realm of microbes (known as dysbiosis) that closely interact with the gut mucosal immune system has been associated with both IBD and CRD (spondyloarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis). Whether dysbiosis represents an epiphenomenon or a prodromal feature remains to be determined.

Methods

In an attempt to further investigate whether specific gut dysbiosis may be the missing link between IBD and CRD in patients developing both diseases, we performed here a systematic literature review focusing on studies looking at bacterial microbiota in CRD and/or IBD patients.

Results

We included 80 studies, with a total of 3799 IBD patients without arthritis, 1084 CRD patients without IBD, 132 IBD patients with arthropathy manifestations and 12 spondyloarthritis patients with IBD history. Overall, this systematic review indicates that an increase in Bifidobacterium, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella and Proteus genera, as well as a decrease in Faecalibacterium, Roseburia genera and species belonging to Verrucomicrobia and Fusobacteria phyla are common features in IBD and CRD patients, whereas dozens of bacterial species are specific features of CRD and IBD.

Conclusion

Further work is needed to understand the functions of bacteria and of their metabolites but also to characterize fungi and viruses that are commonly found in these patients.
Necrotising fasciitis in a patient with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Authors: Vella John X. , Jeavons Richard P.
Published: August 2019

To consider the potential risk of an unprovoked infectious disease, such as necrotising fasciitis, being present in patients whereby monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance is an active co-morbidity.
Combined-Indications Significance Level of Multiple Related Indications Developed Simultaneously
Authors: Yuan Jiacheng , Zhu Ray , Jia Daniel , Palm Ulo , Koch Gary
Published: August 2019

Background:

Typically, regulatory requirements include 2 confirmatory studies, each at a 1-sided .025 significance level, for a medicine to be approved for a specific indication. When the same medicine has been approved in related indications, 1 confirmatory study at a 1-sided .025 significance level could constitute adequate evidence of efficacy for a new indication.

Methods:

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors. For multiple related indications developed simultaneously to constitute sufficient evidence of clinical efficacy, the combined-studies significance level can be set at the same level as if those indications are developed sequentially.

Results:

This article establishes possible strategies to develop a few related indications at the same time for marketing registration approval, maintaining a desired combined-studies significance level; for example, 1-sided .0000156 for 2 indications, with 1 option having each indication assessed with 1 confirmatory study at .00395 significance level.

Conclusion:

It is possible to develop a few indications at the same time for marketing registration approval, where the combined-studies significance level is less stringent than that of the usual paradigm with 2 confirmatory studies each at 1-sided .025 significance level for every indication.
At a Crossroads: Economic Hierarchy and Hardship at the Intersection of Race, Sex, and Nativity
Authors: Restifo Salvatore J. , Mykyta Laryssa
Published: August 2019

Immigration has been the focus of much contention in the United States in recent years. Indeed, concerns persist with regard to how the foreign-born will adapt and integrate into U.S. society and core institutions, including the economy and labor market. Despite the considerable insights of prior research, however, our understanding of contemporary racial/ethnic stratification remains limited, especially in terms of how race/ethnicity and sex intersect with immigrant status. Using pooled 2012–2016 American Community Survey data, we investigate wage differences and near-poverty status by race/ethnicity, sex, and nativity (among full-time, full-year workers) in five dynamic majority-minority U.S. labor markets and high-volume immigrant destinations (Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, and New York City). Findings demonstrate that assimilative and human capital attributes matter. Yet our analyses reveal discernible group-level inequalities suggestive of depressed mobility, blocked opportunity, and race/ethnic- and sex-based hierarchy—patterns that highlight the embedded character of assimilation and economic outcomes within contexts of constraint. We find significant inter- and intragroup variation in these regards—particularly for near-poverty. We discuss our findings in light of their empirical and theoretical implications toward understanding minority group incorporation and economic inequality.
Assessment of clayey materials from Santa Maria (Azores, Portugal) for preparation of peloids
Authors: Cerqueira Ângela , Costa Cristiana , Terroso Denise , Sequeira Cristina , Rocha Fernando
Published: August 2019

There is growing interest in the use of natural materials as alternatives to medicinal products composed of chemicals. For this reason, it is important to study materials which fill this need (e.g. the formulation of peloids). Historically, the Azores archipelago has long been visited for its mud baths, mainly on São Miguel Island, where volcanic muds demonstrate beneficial properties. The volcanic muds are scarce, however. Thus, residual clay materials of Santa Maria Island were studied to assess their suitability for the formulation of peloids. The results of tests from 20 samples, collected from all over the island, presented evidence that they are very favourable for peloid formulations, due to their mineralogical, chemical and technological properties. The materials showed good potential for blending with the São Miguel volcanic muds. The deposits studied show extensive outcrops.
How Prevalent Is Downward Rigidity in Nominal Wages? International Evidence from Payroll Records and Pay Slips
Authors: Elsby Michael W. L. , Solon Gary
Published: August 2019

For more than 80 years, many macroeconomic analyses have been premised on the assumption that workers’ nominal wage rates cannot be cut. Contrary evidence from household surveys reasonably has been discounted on the grounds that the measurement of frequent wage cuts might be an artifact of reporting error. This article summarizes a more recent wave of studies based on more accurate wage data from payroll records and pay slips. By and large, these studies indicate that, except in extreme circumstances (when nominal wage cuts are either legally prohibited or rendered beside the point by very high inflation), nominal wage cuts from one year to the next appear quite common, typically affecting 15–25 percent of job stayers in periods of low inflation.
Retrospectives Lord Keynes and Mr. Say: A Proximity of Ideas
Authors: Béraud Alain , Numa Guy
Published: August 2019

Since the publication of Keynes’s General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, generations of economists have been led to believe that Say was Keynes’s ultimate nemesis. By means of textual and contextual analysis, we show that Keynes and Say held similar views on several key issues, such as the possibility of aggregate-demand deficiency, the role of money in the economy, and government intervention. Our conclusion is that there are enough similarities to call into question the idea that Keynes’s views were antithetical to Say’s. The irony is that Keynes was not aware of these similarities. Our study sheds new light on the interpretation of Keynes’s work and on his criticism of classical political economy. Moreover, it suggests that some policy implications of demand-side and supply-side frameworks overlap. Finally, the study underlines the importance of a thorough analysis of the primary sources to fully grasp the substance of Say’s message.
An Empirical Study of Root-Cause Analysis in Automotive Supplier Organisation
Authors: Nagyová Anna , Pačaiová Hana , Gobanová Anna , Turisová Renáta
Published: August 2019

Purpose: The paper aims to introduce the practical application of using Root-cause analysis (RCA) by chosen methods of continual improvement in solving non-conformity occurrence in an organisation operating in the automotive field.Methodology/Approach: The chosen tools of (RCA), which includes an extended version of 5W2H and 5Whys were applied. Both tools were systematically applied step by step in case of claim solving, which occurred in automotive production.Findings: Non-conformity, which occurred in this case, was analysed through RCA and helped not only to identify the problem but also solve it and find adequate preventive measures to avoid occurrence non-conformity in the future.Research Limitation/implication: Practical application of chosen tools shows how problems and non-conformities should be solved using systematic steps of a different tool. In some cases, if it is needed, other methods and tools can be added, as well as metrology verifications.Originality/Value of paper: The innovative element of these tools application is the introduction of the extended version of the 5W2H method from the customer’s perspective as well as from the organisation perspective. It is also clear that to solve customer’s claim, it is necessary to use a combination of more tools to make sure that that kind problem is not going to occur in the future.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Inter-Organisational Trust in a B2B Context
Authors: Staniskiene Egle , Stankeviciute Zivile , Daunoriene Asta
Published: August 2019

Purpose: The purpose of the paper to reveal the linkage between the customer perception of the supplier’s CSR and inter-organisational trust in a B2B context.Methodology/Approach: The paper conceptualises the customer perception of CSR activities as a latent second-order factor composed of three dimensions: CSR towards environment and community; CSR towards employees; and CSR towards customers. Three-dimensional understanding of inter-organisational trust, is applied in this paper. A quantitative study was conducted.Findings: As it was expected, the findings revealed that the customer perception of supplier’s CSR, namely CSR towards environment and community, towards employees and customers, generates inter-organisational trust that could be divided into competence trust, benevolence trust and integrity trust.Research Limitation/implication: Seeing that the paper uses a sample from a single country, it has a limitation due to its restrictive generalisability (especially having in mind that the research was done in a low-trust societal context). Moreover, the paper does not incorporate the characteristics of organisations, and the future research could elaborate on the issues of how the perceived CSR and its impacts on inter-organisational trust vary depending on organisational financial performance, market share, and so forth.Originality/Value of paper: The paper challenges the researchers and managers to move towards more sophisticated assessments concerning the way the customer perception of CSR affects inter-organisational trust in a B2B context, which might lead to improved organisational performance and sustainability.
Case Article—The Rise and Fall of Taxi Club Management in New York
Authors: Teo Thompson S. H. , Kimes Sheryl E. , Yong Zhiyi
Published: August 2019

This case provides an interesting example of a traditional business being disrupted by a new business based on the sharing economy. Taxi Club Management (TCM) was the largest taxi fleet in New York City and was doing well until Uber came along. The case traces the entry of Uber and the disruption to TCM’s business, resulting in the eventual bankruptcy of TCM.
The Debt-Contracting Value of Accounting Numbers and Financial Covenant Renegotiation
Authors: Dou Yiwei
Published: August 2019

Building on incomplete contract theory, I investigate whether the likelihood of renegotiating financial covenants is affected by the debt-contracting value of borrowers’ accounting numbers. The debt-contracting value captures the inherent ability of accounting numbers to predict credit quality. Using a large sample of private credit agreements, I hypothesize and find that a higher debt-contracting value gives rise to smaller ex post measurement errors in accounting numbers used in covenants, and thus borrowers and lenders are less likely to renegotiate financial covenants. This effect is stronger when the financial covenant intensity is higher. Consistent with the notion that renegotiation improves contracting efficiency by eliminating errors in financial covenants, I show that the distance of the covenant variable to its new contractual threshold better predicts a borrower’s creditworthiness than does the distance to the original threshold absent the renegotiation.

This paper was accepted by Shiva Rajgopal, accounting.
Learning Through Crowdfunding
Authors: Chemla Gilles , Tinn Katrin
Published: August 2019

We develop a model in which reward-based crowdfunding enables firms to obtain a reliable proof of concept early in their production cycle: they learn about total demand from a limited sample of target consumers preordering a new product. Learning from the crowdfunding sample creates a valuable real option because firms invest only if updated expectations about total demand are sufficiently high. This is particularly valuable for firms facing a high degree of uncertainty about consumer preferences, such as developers of innovative consumer products. Learning also enables firms to overcome moral hazard. The higher the funds raised, the lower the firms’ incentives to divert them, provided third-party platforms limit the sample size by restricting campaign length. Although the probability of campaign success decreases with sample size, the expected funds raised are maximized at an intermediate sample size. Our results are consistent with stylized facts and lead to new empirical implications.

This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Enhanced Dynamic Discretization Discovery for the Continuous Time Load Plan Design Problem
Authors: Hewitt Mike
Published: August 2019

For less-than-truckload (LTL) freight transportation carriers, as shipment sizes are small relative to trailer capacity, profitability is driven by the ability to load trailers with shipments from multiple customers. However, LTL carriers are facing increased pressure from customers to provide short delivery times, which limits their ability to hold freight, a critical tactic for consolidation. As consolidation requires the coordination of shipment paths in both space and time, shorter delivery times necessitate planning methods that can accurately estimate consolidation opportunities in time. This paper adapts and enhances the dynamic discretization discovery method designed for solving the scheduled service network design problem, defined on an arbitrarily fine discretization of time, to produce exact and heuristic methods for the LTL analog, the continuous time load plan design problem. With instances from the literature and based on data from a U.S. LTL carrier, we provide computational evidence that the algorithm can effectively solve this problem. With an analysis of high-quality solutions to the instances based on LTL carrier data, we derive insights into terminal staffing policies.
Exploring how awareness of character strengths can benefit mental health nurses
Authors: Macfarlane Jan
Published: August 2019

This is the third in a series of articles that explores the meaning of positive psychology and the importance of applying the latest research findings for the wellbeing of the mental health workforce. It will focus on character strengths as a positive psychology intervention from its development to present day use and how it is relevant to mental health nursing. The activities provided in the boxes throughout the article will help the reader identify their own strengths and understand how to further develop their transferability to daily work, home life, education and recreation.
Autonomous navigation of the space debris collector
Authors: KOZOREZ Dmitriy A. , KRUZHKOV Dmitriy M.
Published: August 2019

The article discusses potential use of proposed by the authors configuration of onboard system of autonomous navigation and movement control of space debris collector to operate at GSO. The relevance of this research is that the problem of space debris is acute because of a large number of spent spacecraft that may damage other equipment. The purpose of the article is to analyses the launch of the work of navigation system for autonomous space debris collector. The solution of this problem is possible by applying the previously created the semi-natural modelling stands and simulation mathematical models implemented in software. The modelling results showed that during the formation of scenarios for the work of the debris collector at GSO, there was a significant number of time intervals during the year, when favorable conditions for receiving satellite signals remained at a given target longitude of GSO and, as a result, performed a high-precision solution for the navigation task.
Automation of the inner design of the aircraft
Authors: KUPRIKOV Mikhail Yu. , MARKIN Leonid V.
Published: August 2019

The task of forming the wind-swept surface according to the results of the aircraft’s inner design is described. The approach of the integration of natural and virtual prototyping in the design of equipment compartments is substantiated. Such approaches open up new possibilities for creating intelligent composition algorithms that eliminate the "blind search". For the practical implementation of these approaches, it is necessary to link the appropriate software to standard geometric modeling systems in the form of additional computational modules. Preparing the aircraft for design automation complicates the mathematical description of geometric models of placed objects, increases the complexity of their visualization in modern computer graphics systems and the need to create an additional interface between new geometric models and common CAD systems (SolidWorks, AutoCAD, COMPAS, etc.).
Business objective for the life cycle of aircraft
Authors: KUPRIKOV Mikhail Yu. , RABINSKIY Lev N. , KUPRIKOV Nikita M.
Published: August 2019

A structural-parametric analysis of the development of the global aviation market has been done and by the example of the development of the domestic helicopter industry, it was shown that the main revenue in the life cycle of aviation technology lies in the area of aviation service. The graphical model of the business objective in the development and operation of helicopters shows the need to maximize the service life of aircraft and reduce downtime. One of the forms that show these features was leasing with the inclusion of services in affiliated centers. At the request of the lessee, the leasing company may also provide additional services for advertising, recruitment, etc. Wet lease is mainly used by companies that manufacture special equipment or are engaged in wholesale activities in the field of aviation, i.e. in fact, they are monopolists. One of the ways to diversify sources of income is the sale of licenses for the production and maintenance of helicopters in the framework of the product lifecycle. Lost sales of helicopters for a holding company must be replenished through monopolization of the service and regulation of prices in this market. In general, the provision of service is a high-tech and profitable business. It requires constant monitoring and quality control of services at all stages of the life cycle of a helicopter. Income growth will be associated with an increase in the term and area of the business goal.
Calculation of heat transfer on the catalytically active surface of high-speed aircraft
Authors: NIKITIN Petr V. , TUSHAVINA Olga V. , SHKURATENKO Anna A.
Published: August 2019

The scientific paper analyzes the influence of the catalytically active surface on the intensity of heat and mass transfer in a chemically active boundary layer. Some features of the mechanism of heat and mass transfer under conditions of heterogeneous catalysis are indicated. Heat transfer analysis is performed in the laminar “frozen” boundary layer with zero and absolute catalytic surface activity. In order to improve the accuracy of the calculation of heat fluxes on the catalytically active surface, a modification of the Gullard ratio is carried out. Using the modified Gullard ratio obtained in this work, calculations of heat transfer on a catalytically active surface are carried out. It is shown that the levels of heat fluxes calculated using a modified ratio of up to 30% below the levels of heat fluxes obtained from the Gullard ratio under otherwise equal conditions.
A TECNOCIÊNCIA SUBSTITUI A ÉTICA?
Authors: Mendes Ademir Aparecido Pinhelli , Moser Alvino , Stigar Robson
Published: August 2019

Este artigo faz uma revisão de literatura sobre a proposta ética de Jonas (2006), em O princípio da responsabilidade: ensaio de uma ética para a civilização tecnológica. Tal princípio impõe como problema uma norma ética que obriga mais do que todas as morais escritas na história da humanidade, tornando-as, a partir desse momento, supérfluas. O objetivo é analisar o paradigma da tecnociência, no qual o saber e o poder fundiram-se segundo uma dinâmica da época, que encurta o espaço e torna o tempo mais veloz. A tecnociência promete a salvação e a eliminação da dor, mobilizando todos os recursos do planeta de maneira implacável, e propõe regras de conduta muito mais eficazes e constrangedoras do que qualquer ética. Os resultados indicam que a ação ética e o comportamento moral situam-se na confluência de uma finalidade ética do eu-com-o-outro-no-mundo, como centro ou fulcro. O eu, como agente da ação, implica a liberdade, a responsabilidade e a consciência do dever moral. Além das obrigações ético-morais, é preciso que se observem as leis emanadas de outras instâncias legítimas.
O OLHAR DOS ADOLESCENTES SOBRE A VIOLÊNCIA E O LAZER NOS TERRITÓRIOS PELAS LENTES DO PHOTOVOICE
Authors: Souza Aragão Ailton , Alves Querino Rosimár , Silveira Gomes Luana Cristina , Trajano da Silva Luciana , Bizinoto Caetano Maria Carolina , Loyola Martins Otávio , Amatângelo Oliveira Ana Angelina , Graner Araújo Oliveira Ana Carolina , Lopes Santos Maria , Oliveira Sabino Fabiano Henrique
Published: August 2019

A violência noticiada sob a forma de espetáculo favorece a produção de julgamentos apressados que ocultam seus determinantes sociais e engendram intervenções que reforçam a lógica ostensiva e a reclusão dos segmentos populacionais historicamente vulnerados, dentre estes, os adolescentes. Considerando-os como sujeitos de direitos e produtores de uma linguagem própria, as fotografias permitem desvelar os discursos que criminalizam a pobreza. A pesquisa objetivou analisar a apreensão de 77 adolescentes frequentadores de um programa de fortalecimento de vínculos e convivência comunitária denominado ProJovem Adolescente, funcionamento nos Centros de Referência de Assistência Social (CRAS), sobre seus territórios durante o ano de 2015 e 2016. Adotou-se o “photovoice”, seguido da audiogravação, transcrição das narrativas, categorização e análise de conteúdo temática. As imagens e as narrativas categorizadas retratam a violência e os limites para o lazer nos territórios: as pichações nas praças, as depredações de equipamentos de uso público; a presença de terrenos baldios e, fundamentalmente, o medo promovido pelo tráfico de drogas. As vulnerabilidades territoriais, como a ausência de equipamento públicos, evidenciam a violência estrutural que fragiliza e reduz a proteção aos riscos da violência, a qual colabora para a estigmatização das comunidades. A linguagem fotográfica e as narrativas estimulam o engajamento dos adolescentes e colabora para o empoderamento dos mesmos.
CURANDEIROS PARINTINTIN E BENZEDEIRAS: REPRODUÇÃO DO SABER POPULAR DE CURA
Authors: Clarindo Maximillian Ferreira , Strachulski Juliano , Floriani Nicolas
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo tem por objetivo geral discutir os saberes relacionados à cura de doenças, movimentados em um contexto de modernidades múltiplas, por benzedeiras localizadas na região sul do Brasil e por indígenas Parintintin localizados ao norte, no Estado do Amazonas. Fala-se de uma outra abordagem de saúde e doença a partir da Geografia, em uma perspectiva híbrida e holística da percepção das ausências e emergências destes atores. São saberes distantes do logocentrismo, que articulados por comunidades tradicionais ou de forma autônoma por benzedeiras urbanas ou rurais representam um importante aporte cultural do Brasil. O saber-fazer dos Parintintin incorpora signos não indígenas na mesma medida em que as benzedeiras envolvem simbolismos modernos com suas tradições. Tratam-se, portanto, de saberes e práticas que possuem base cognitiva semelhante e que vão se metamorfoseando ao longo dos anos, organizando por e através deles outras experiências espaciais, além das tracionadas pelas instituições. De maneira resiliente enfrentam seus diferentes algozes na perpetuação de seus saberes e modos de vida.
Genetic Aspects of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Marklová Eliška
Published: August 2019

Practically all types of diabetes mellitus (DM) result from complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors. Multifactorial and polygenic Type 1 DM is strongly influenced by genes controlling the immune system, mainly HLA-DQ and DR. In addition to this, many other predisposition loci, interacting with each other, have some influence on susceptibility to DM. Heterogeneous Type 2 DM, accounting for about 85 % of all diabetic patients, is supposed to be induced by multiple genes defects involved in insulin action and/or insulin secretion. Other genetically influenced traits like obesity and hyperlipidemia are strongly associated with the Type 2. The group called Other specific types of DM include monogenic forms MODY 1-5 and many various subtypes of the disease, where the specific gene mutations have been identified. Both genetic and intrauterine environmental influences are likely to contribute to the abnormalities defined as Gestational DM.
The Alveolar Septal Thickness and Type II Pneumocytes Number in Irradiated Lungs, Time Expression and the Effect of Pentoxifylline
Authors: Österreicher Jan , Mokrý Jaroslav , Navrátil Leoš , Knížek Jiří , Vávrová Jiřina , Škopek Jiří , Macela Aleš
Published: August 2019

Purpose: We studied the relationship between type II pneumocytes number and alveolar septal thickness during different time after sublethal whole-thorax irradiation of rats and we investigated the influence of pentoxifylline (TNF-α inhibitor). Materials and methods: Wistar rats were exposed to 15 Gy thoracic irradiation and pentoxifylline (35 mg/kg) twice a week. Lungs were examined histologically and imunohistochemically at intervals ranging from 1-12 weeks and alveolar septal thickness, number of type II pneumocytes (identified by immunoreactivity for cytokeratin 18), and neutrophile granulocytes were counted. Results: Significant increase of alveolar septal thickness and type II pneumocytes depletion 3 weeks after irradiation were found. Correlation of these markers was r = -0.759. Pentoxifylline significantly inhibits increased alveolar septal thickness without the influence on type II pneumocytes number. Neutrophil penetration started 5 weeks after irradiation in non-treated animals, 8 weeks after irradiation in PTX-treated rats. Conclusions: We suggest that pneumocytes depletion is linked to increased vascular permeability, and pentoxifylline therapy does not influence on pneumocytes kinetics after irradiation.
The Long Term Influence of Low-Level Sarin Exposure on Behavioral and Neurophysiological Functions in Rats
Authors: Kassa Jiří , Koupilová Marie , Herink Josef , Vachek Josef
Published: August 2019

1. Long term effects of low doses of highly toxic organophosphorus agent sarin on behavioral and neurophysiological functions were studied in rats exposed to sarin by inhalation. The toxic effects of sarin were monitored using a functional observational battery (FOB), an automatic measurement of motor activity and a test of excitability of central nervous system at 3, 6 and 12 months following sarin exposure. 2. The results indicate that sarin at symptomatic as well as asymptomatic doses (level 2 and 3) is able to induce some neurotoxic effects (a decrease in activity and mobility, an alteration of gait, an increase in stereotyped behavior) including an increase in the excitability of central nervous system (an increase in convulsive activity following the administration of pentamethylenetetrazole) in rats at 3 months following inhalation exposure. Some sings of increased excitability were also observed in sarin-exposed rats following 6 or 12 months (an increase in exploratory activity, body temperature and a hindlimb grip strength at 6 months following exposure to sarin at asymptomatic doses, an increase in tail-pinch response at 12 months following exposure to sarin at symptomatic doses). 3. Therefore, nerve agents such as sarin seem to be harmful not only at high, clinically symptomatic doses but also at low, clinically asymptomatic doses because of long term manifestation of alteration of neurophysiological functions in sarin-exposed rats without disruption of cholinergic nervous system.
Association Between Polymorphism of the Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme Gene and Hypertension in Turkish Type II Diabetic Patients
Authors: Araz Mustafa , Aynacioglu Sükrü , Aktaran Sebnem , Alasehirli Belgin , Okan Vahap
Published: August 2019

It has been suggested that an insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in intron 16 of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene may be associated with essential hypertension. The aim of this study was to examine the association between ACE I/D polymorphism with blood pressure level and hypertension status in Turkish type 2 diabetic subjects. Hundred and seven hypertensive (78 female, 29 male) and 132 normotensive type 2 diabetic subjects (73 female, 59 male) and 138 sex and age matched control subjects (87 female, 51 male) without diabetes and hypertension were included into the study. The I/D polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). There were no statistically difference in genotypic and allelic frequencies of the ACE I/D polymorphism between the hypertensive and normotensive diabetic patients and control subjects. Also no significant differences was detected in systolic and diastolic blood pressure among three different genotypes. ACE I/D polymorphism does not seem to play an important role in the development of hypertension in Turkish type 2 diabetic subjects, but prospective studies may show an association between ACE gene polymorphism and the development of hypertension in diabetic subjects.
Thyroid Function of Former Opioid Addicts on Naltrexone Treatment
Authors: Ilias Ioannis , Kakoulas Ioannis , Christakopoulou Ioulia , Katsadoros Kyriakos
Published: August 2019

In order to assess thyroid function in former opioid addicts undergoing adjunctive naltrexone (NA) p.o. treatment, we studied 24 subjects (BMI±SD: 23.3±3.2 kg/m2) on 50 mg NA p.o. daily for 15 days to 14.5 months continuously. Measurements included thyrotropin (TSH), total thyroxin (TT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), while the TT3/TT4100 ratio was calculated as a marker of peripheral conversion of T4 to T3. Reverse T3 (rT3) and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were also measured. Statistical analysis of thyroid parameters among them, of thyroid parameters versus duration of NA use as well as of thyroid parameters versus BMI was done with linear regression. All the subjects received NA well. The thyroid hormone work-up showed that all the subjects on NA were overall euthyroid. Mean±SD levels for TSH were 1.59±0.29 mU/L, TT4: 171.17±14.07 nmol/L, TT3: 2.01±0.27 nmol/L, TT3/TT4100: 1.18±0.19, rT3: 0.26±0.07 nmol/L and IL-6: 20.3±36.6 pg/mL. The duration of NA use was positively correlated with TT3 (r=+0.72, p<0.001) and TT3/TT4x100 (r=+0.77, p<0.001) and negatively, but not statistically significant, with TT4 (r=-0.38, p=0.065) and with TSH (r=-0.39, p=0.062). No significant correlations were found between TT3 and BMI, duration of NA use and rT3 and IL-6. Although few subjects were studied, there are indications that the duration of naltrexone may be positively correlated with TT3 and the ratio of T4 to T3 conversion.
Social preferences and supply chain transactions: an analysis with Brazilian decision makers
Authors: Ota Glaucia Miura , Silva Adriano Maniçoba da
Published: August 2019

Supply contracts amongst suppliers and buyers can be used as powerful mechanisms to manage trade-offs between risks and costs in negotiations amid the constituent parts of the supply chain. In decentralized decision-making, as a trade transaction between a wholesaler and a retailer, social preferences can influence behavior of these decision makers. The objective of this study was to verify the effect of social preferences on transactions in supply chains, using Brazilian individuals with the purpose of comparing the results with those obtained in other countries. The methodology proposed in this study was quantitative, as variables already studied by previous studies were investigated. An experiment was conducted with three handlings (normal, status and relationship) simulating buying and selling situations in a supply chain. The results indicated that highlighting the performance status of a supply chain improves the efficiency of the chain when compared to normal transactions, or when there is a relationship between the links.
Sales forecasting in a mechanical component manufacturer: comparison between monte carlo simulation and time series analysis
Authors: Paixão Kevin William Matos , Silva Adriano Maniçoba da
Published: August 2019

Organizations today are required to be prepared for future situations. This preparation can generate a significant competitive advantage. In order to maximize benefits, several companies are investing more in techniques that simulate a future scenario and enable more precise and assertive decision making. Among these techniques are the sales forecasting methods. The comparison between the known techniques is an important factor to increase the assertiveness of the forecast. The objective of this study was to compare the sales forecast results of a mechanical components manufacturing company obtained through five different techniques, divided into two groups, the first one, which uses the fundamentals of the time series, and the second one is the Monte Carlo simulation. The following prediction methods were compared: moving average, weighted moving average, least squares, holt winter and Monte Carlo simulation. The results indicated that the methods that obtained the best performance were the moving average and the weighted moving average attaining 94% accuracy.
How variables on the morphology of an indivisible load plays an important role on the choice of the set of carriers and transport routes. The transportation of an electric capacitor in city areas
Authors: Araujo Elson , Rodrigues Ênio Fernandes
Published: August 2019

The transportation of an indivisible load also bears the core definition of load transportation in logistics - delivering a load, considering its starting point as far as its destination, the decision upon the best set of carriers and the best transportation route to minimize final transportation costs. This research aimed at describing the issue regarding transportation of indivisible loads in urban areas where the road system might have limited transportation conditions depending on the complexity of the load. All researched books have come up with a number of situations regarding this type of transportation. From the information collected, it was observed that the transportation scenario and its difficulties were similar; a study has been suggested in order to give examples of how this type of transportation works. Results have shown that height, width, length and weight parameters should consider the transportation infrastructure offered, the appropriate set of carriers and the compliance with all legislations.