bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of currently employed food preservation conditions to tackle biofilm forming food pathogens
Authors: Vijayakumari Nadaraja Anupama , Jayakumaran Nair Ananthanarayan , Prameela Mary , Hari Neethu , Balakrishnan Nidhin
Published: October 2017

Controlling biofilm forming, pathogenic bacteria is an emerging challenge in the food industry, and the present study aims to test the efficacy of existing food preservation methods against these bacteria. We isolated 10 different biofilm forming pathogenic bacteria viz. Klebsiella quasipneumoniae, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus anthracis, and Myroides odoratimimus from spoiled milk, biscuits, and cakes. K. quasipneumonia and B. amyloliquifaciens formed strong biofilm (OD550 > 0.85), whereas B. cereus, B. anthracis, and M. odoratimimus made moderate biofilm (OD5505 > 0.6) in 72 hr. The isolates, B. amyloliquifaciencs, B. anthracis, and M. odoratimimus were found positive for protease activity. The isolates showed significant tolerance to preservation conditions: pH (4–10), salt (up to 5%), temperature (up to 50°C) and sodium benzoate (up to 0.1%). The isolates also exhibited high antibiotic resistance, maximum by M. odoratimimus (MIC ≤ 256 µg/ml) against chloramphenicol which can have serious implications especially in tackling food borne illness caused by the biofilm forming food pathogens.

Practical applications

The present study discloses the presence of biofilm forming pathogenic bacterial strains in common food stuff and their tolerance of preservation conditions and resistance to antibiotics. The occurrence of pathogens tolerant to common preservation conditions and their resistance to antibiotic should be addressed very cautiously. The significant findings of this study warrant the need for more stringent preservation methods to control food pathogens, especially the biofilm forming type. Moreover, findings of the present study will help to design novel preservation techniques such as incorporating antibiofilm coatings in food processing units and packaging materials, which will ensure food safety and public health.
The Role of Sexual Communication in Couples’ Sexual Outcomes: A Dyadic Path Analysis
Authors: Jones Adam C. , Robinson W. David , Seedall Ryan B.
Published: October 2017

In a study of 142 couples, we gathered survey data to show how sexual communication influences sexual and relationship satisfaction as well as sexual and orgasm frequency. In two dyadic data path analyses, we observed the significant paths of influence that sexual communication has on sexual and relationship satisfaction, as well as sexual and orgasm frequency. Our findings revealed greater amounts of sexual communication were associated with increased orgasm frequency in women and greater relationship and sexual satisfaction in both sexes. We also observed important differences in the associations of sexual communication and general communication on satisfaction levels. With these analyses, we expand the current literature to broaden our understanding of the role that sexual communication plays in committed relationships.
Metamorphic record of collision and collapse in the Ediacaran‐Cambrian Araçuaí orogen, SE‐Brazil: Insights from P–T pseudosections and monazite dating
Authors: Peixoto Eliza , Alkmim Fernando F. , Pedrosa‐Soares Antônio , Lana Cristiano , Chaves Alexandre O.
Published: October 2017

The Araçuaí orogen is the Brazilian counterpart of the Araçuaí‐West Congo orogenic system (AWCO), a component of the Ediacaran‐Cambrian orogenic network formed during the amalgamation of West Gondwana. The northwestern portion of the Araçuaí orogen is dominated by a succession of metasedimentary rocks made up of Meso‐ to Neoproterozoic rift, passive margin and syn‐orogenic sequences, locally intruded by post‐collisional granites. These sequences are involved in three distinct tectonic units, which from west to east are: the southern Espinhaço fold‐thrust system (SE‐thrust system), the normal‐sense Chapada Acauã shear zone (CASZ) and the Salinas synclinorium. Three deformation phases were documented in the region. The first two phases (D1 and D2) are characterized by contractional structures and represent the collisional development stage of the orogen. The third phase (D3) is extensional and currently viewed as a manifestation of orogenic collapse of the system. The distribution of the metamorphic mineral assemblages in the region characterizes two metamorphic domains. The M‐Domain I on the west, encompassing the SE‐thrust system and the CASZ, is marked by a syn‐collisional (syn‐D1) Barrovian‐type metamorphism with P–T conditions increasing eastwards and reaching ~8.5 kbar at ~650°C between 575 and 565 Ma. The M‐Domain II comprises the Salinas synclinorium in the hangingwall of the CASZ, and besides the greenschist facies syn‐collisional metamorphism, records mainly a Buchan‐type metamorphic event, which took place under 3–5.5 kbar and up to 640°C at c. 530 Ma. The northwestern Araçuaí orogen exhibits, thus, a paired metamorphic pattern, in which the Barrovian and Buchan‐type metamorphic domains are juxtaposed by a normal‐sense shear zone. Lithospheric thinning during the extensional collapse of the orogen promoted ascent of the geotherms and melt generation. A large volume of granites was emplaced in the high grade and anatectic core of the orogen during this stage, and heat advected from these intrusions caused the development of Buchan facies series over a relatively large area. Renewed granite plutonism, hydrothermal activities followed by progressive cooling affected the system between 530 and 490 Ma.
Flexibility in Wage Setting Under the Threat of Relocation
Authors: Goeddeke Anna , Haucap Justus , Herr Annika , Wey Christian
Published: October 2017

Relocation of production to countries with low labour costs has induced increased labour market flexibility, which has been praised as a silver bullet for economic growth and low unemployment. Within a unionised oligopoly framework, in which a multinational firm has the option to relocate its production to a foreign country, we analyse the welfare implications of both centralised and flexible wage‐setting regimes. For very low foreign wages, wage flexibility leads to higher welfare than a rigid centralised regime. In contrast, for ‘intermediate’ wage levels in the foreign country, an industry‐wide uniform wage leads to higher social welfare than flexible wages.
Chemical composition and iron oxidation state of amorphous matrix silicates in the carbonaceous chondrite Acfer 094
Authors: Hopp Timo , Vollmer Christian
Published: October 2017

Nanoscale amorphous silicates are a major component in primitive carbonaceous chondrite matrices and anhydrous interplanetary dust particles. Owing to their metastability and sensitive response to reactions with water, this material is of particular interest in understanding nebular and parent body processes in the early solar system. Here we investigated the amorphous silicate matrix (ASM) in the ungrouped carbonaceous chondrite Acfer 094 regarding its texture, chemical composition, and Fe oxidation state. We applied transmission electron microscopy techniques on six, focused ion beam technique‐prepared, electron‐transparent lamellae of Acfer 094 to determine the textures of this material. Furthermore, we used energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis and electron energy loss spectroscopy to quantify the Fe content and the Fe oxidation state of the ASM. Textural investigations reveal differences in sulfide content, porosity, and distribution of the ASM among the samples, as well as evidence for rare recrystallization of phyllosilicate fibers. The chemical composition reveals mobilization of Fe. Furthermore, the determined Fe3+/ΣFe ratios of the ASM in the six samples display a homogeneously high oxidation state (0.66–0.73). This high and homogeneous Fe oxidation state in the ASM of Acfer 094 disagrees with its formation as a primary phase in a reduced solar gas and must have been induced in a later stage process. Most likely, this process was aqueous alteration on the Acfer 094 parent body, which led to hydration and oxidation of the ASM, which is supported by textural and chemical evidence of aqueous alteration.
Overexpression of serine acetyltransferase in maize leaves increases seed‐specific methionine‐rich zeins
Authors: Xiang Xiaoli , Wu Yongrui , Planta José , Messing Joachim , Leustek Thomas
Published: October 2017

Maize kernels do not contain enough of the essential sulphur‐amino acid methionine (Met) to serve as a complete diet for animals, even though maize has the genetic capacity to store Met in kernels. Prior studies indicated that the availability of the sulphur (S)‐amino acids may limit their incorporation into seed storage proteins. Serine acetyltransferase (SAT) is a key control point for S‐assimilation leading to Cys and Met biosynthesis, and SAT overexpression is known to enhance S‐assimilation without negative impact on plant growth. Therefore, we overexpressed Arabidopsis thaliana AtSAT1 in maize under control of the leaf bundle sheath cell‐specific rbcS1 promoter to determine the impact on seed storage protein expression. The transgenic events exhibited up to 12‐fold higher SAT activity without negative impact on growth. S‐assimilation was increased in the leaves of SAT overexpressing plants, followed by higher levels of storage protein mRNA and storage proteins, particularly the 10‐kDa δ‐zein, during endosperm development. This zein is known to impact the level of Met stored in kernels. The elite event with the highest expression of AtSAT1 showed 1.40‐fold increase in kernel Met. When fed to chickens, transgenic AtSAT1 kernels significantly increased growth rate compared with the parent maize line. The result demonstrates the efficacy of increasing maize nutritional value by SAT overexpression without apparent yield loss. Maternal overexpression of SAT in vegetative tissues was necessary for high‐Met zein accumulation. Moreover, SAT overcomes the shortage of S‐amino acids that limits the expression and accumulation of high‐Met zeins during kernel development.
The Historical Presidency: Few and Mostly Far Between: Reflections on Intellectuals as Presidents
Authors: Cooper John Milton
Published: October 2017

Intellectuals as presidents are few—seven in all—and mostly far between: the two Adamses, Jefferson, and Madison early on; the first Roosevelt and Wilson early in the last century; and Obama most recently. The early cluster springs in part from social recruitment and education then prevailing. The later pair also came at a time of elevated public discourse. The latest seems to be a product of sheer chance. The intellectualism of the latter three was self‐conscious and mostly constructive to their presidencies. The prospects for future intellectuals as presidents are not bright.
Talking with the dead: Spirit mediumship, affect and embodiment in Stoke‐on‐Trent
Authors: Bartolini Nadia , MacKian Sara , Pile Steve
Published: October 2017

While Spiritualism has attracted much attention in other disciplines, geographers have largely ignored it. However, we agree with Holloway (2006 Enchanted spaces: the séance, affect, and geographies of religion Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 96, pp. 182–187) that Spiritualism presents conceptual challenges that make it worthy of more attention. As Holloway suggests, the themes of affect, embodiment and materiality are particularly helpful in exploring religious experiences. The focus of this paper is on the practice and experience of spirit mediumship in a Spiritualist setting. In mediumship, a specific challenge is to materialise and embody spirit such that spirit communication feels personal and rings true. For us, this suggests that mediumship is routinely successful both because it can produce accurate messages, which are judged empirically, and also because it produces what we call affectual truths, which are judged tacitly on whether they feel right or not. To account for this, we introduce the idea of intermediumship to describe interactions in the space in‐between the medium and the congregation. It is through this space in‐between that the affects associated with mediumship emerge, are experienced and are verified. Rather than seeing spirit communication as somehow enchanted or extraordinary, we assert that talking with the dead is predicated on the ordinariness of the experience: that is, that talking with the dead is emblematic of affect and embodiment in everyday life.
Production of space, intercultural encounters and politics: Dynamics of consummate space and spatial intensity among the Israeli Bedouin
Authors: Meir Avinoam , Karplus Yuval
Published: October 2017

The “spatial turn”, represented primarily by the Lefebvrean theory of production of space, fails to internalise insights from the “cultural turn” which delves into high cultural resolutions of minority ethnic or religious sub‐groups within Western culture. These insights suggest that space may be characterised by spatial pluralism that originates in ontological pluralism of place and space. This ontological pluralism originates in the contemporary reality of cultural pluralism within the same space. By deconstructing the classical Lefebvrean theory of production of space as a super concept into finer scales, we facilitate internalisation of these cultural insights through a series of new sub‐concepts of consummate space, spatial imbrication and spatial intensity. These successive concepts are capable of creating a process of production of space with possible political consequences at group level. That is, violation of a space perceived and practised as consummate may lead to political action by group members. This conceptual framework, highlighting at high resolution the agency of space in culture, is demonstrated through a detailed analysis of a unique cultural group, the indigenous Bedouin of the Negev desert in Israel, through three phases of their spatial history over a period of two centuries – semi‐nomadic pastoralism, sedentary farming and urban wage labour. This case may serve to illustrate the value of this theoretical approach for future analysis of other unique cultural groups and a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of production of space.
Canine central corneal thickness measurements via Pentacam‐HR®, optical coherence tomography (Optovue iVue®), and high‐resolution ultrasound biomicroscopy
Authors: Wolfel Allison E. , Pederson Samantha L. , Cleymaet Allison M. , Hess Ann M. , Freeman Kate S.
Published: October 2017

Objective

To compare central corneal thickness (CCT) values in canine eyes using Pentacam‐HR®Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam), Optovue®iVue spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT), and high‐resolution ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and generate normative canine Pentacam CCT values.

Animals studied

Twenty‐four client‐owned dogs (37 eyes) with nondiseased cornea(s) presenting to the Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital.

Procedures

Corneal images were acquired via Pentacam, SD‐OCT, and UBM in the listed order. Machine‐calculated values of CCT from Pentacam and SD‐OCT were compared to operator‐measured values from UBM. Bland–Altman analysis was performed to evaluate agreement between instruments.

Results

Mean CCT ± SD measured by Pentacam was 629.73 ± 64.57 μm, by SD‐OCT was 610.56 ± 57.48 μm, and by UBM was 689.77 ± 55.93 μm. On average, Pentacam CCT was 19.17 ± 32.90 μm (3%) thicker than SD‐OCT and 65.12 ± 44.52 μm (10.3%) thinner than UBM. SD‐OCT was on average 82.47 μm (13.5% ) thinner than UBM. The 95% limits of agreement were (−45.31, 83.65), (−152.38, 22.13), and (−126.674, −38.270) for Pentacam vs. SD‐OCT, Pentacam vs. UBM, and SD‐OCT vs. UBM respectively. All differences were statistically significant (P< 0.01).

Conclusions

Considering there is an average of 7.5% normal diurnal variation in canine CCT, a 3.0% difference between Pentacam and SD‐OCT values is likely not clinically relevant. However, Pentacam measurements were both statistically and clinically significantly different from UBM and SD‐OCT measurements.
Preference Reasons for Recreational Areas Which Belongs to the Local Administrations
Authors: Kırtepe Abdurrahman , Altungul Oguzhan , Karahuseyınoglu M. Fatıh
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the effective factors of people choosing outdoor recreation areas, which is belonging to local government in Elazıg Province Center, for feel comfortable in social, cultural and physiological aspects where they can evaluate their free time and benefit from different purposes according to different variables.The sample group of the study consisted of 232 persons, 106 male and 126 female, selected randomly using recreational areas of local governance in Elazıg province center. The data were obtained by participation preference factors for use of recreation area survey which consist 24 questions and 5 sub-dimensions that developed by Gümüs H. and Alay Özgül S. (2017) with face to face survey application method.The data obtained from the study were analyzed using the SPSS 22 packet program. The normality test has been done so that analyzes can be done correctly. According to this, Kruskal-wallis was used in multiple groups in the analysis of data which not normal distribution and Mann Whitney-u Test was applied to determine the group which the difference occurred. In the analysis of normal distribution data, anova in multiple groups and independent samples t test in binary groups were applied. Significance level was accepted as p<0.05. There was a statistically significant difference between participants who are married and have children, who perform sports 3-4 days a week and who state their health status as good and good and sport diversity, personnel and activity sub-dimensions of the scale (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the private vehicle ownership variable and participation preference for recreation areas scale (p>0, 05).It was determined that, for participants who married and with children, it is effective that there is playground for children in the recreational areas, the individuals who are good and very good health status are influenced by the sport diversity, activity and personnel situation in choosing these areas, private vehicle ownership is not that important for choosing these areas.
Helping Students Draw Correct Free-Body Diagrams
Authors: Lee Albert
Published: October 2017

As physics instructors, we try to help our students learn physics. But most of us begin to realize that our students are not learning as much as we hope they would. As we listen to our students, we begin to see some of their difficulties. Some of their difficulties are expected, but some are unexpected. One such difficulty is drawing the force diagram, or free-body diagram (FBD). Knowing the importance of being able to draw correct FBDs, we try to help our students by presenting the necessary steps clearly. Unfortunately, many times, what seemed clear to us isn’t as clear to our students. So, how can we help our students draw correct FBDs? In this paper, we present an approach we used in lectures to help our students draw FBDs correctly. We also present some encouraging preliminary results from a comparison study of two introductory physics classes. As you will see in the discussion of our approach, we will be highlighting a few things, so in this paper we will refer to our approach as “the highlight approach.”
Superconductors in the high school classroom
Authors: Lincoln James
Published: October 2017

In this article, we discuss the behavior of high-temperature superconductors and how to demonstrate them safely and effectively in the high school or introductory physics classroom. Included here is a discussion of the most relevant physics topics that can be demonstrated, some safety tips, and a bit of the history of superconductors. In an effort to include first-year physics students in the world of modern physics, a topic as engaging as superconductivity should not be missed. It is an opportunity to inspire students to study physics through the myriad of possible applications that high temperature superconductors hold for the future.
Linear combination of auditory steady-state responses evoked by co-modulated tones
Authors: Guérit François , Marozeau Jeremy , Epp Bastian
Published: October 2017

Up to medium intensities and in the 80–100-Hz region, the auditory steady-state response (ASSR) to a multi-tone carrier is commonly considered to be a linear sum of the dipoles from each tone specific ASSR generator. Here, this hypothesis was investigated when a unique modulation frequency is used for all carrier components. Listeners were presented with a co-modulated dual-frequency carrier (1 and 4 kHz), from which the modulator starting phase Φi of the 1-kHz component was systematically varied. The results support the hypothesis of a linear superposition of the dipoles originating from different frequency specific ASSR generators.
Computer-Aided Stroke-by-Stroke Visualization of Actual and Target Power Allows for Continuously Increasing Ramp Tests on Wind-Braked Rowing Ergometers
Authors: Treff Gunnar , Winkert Kay , Machus Katja , Steinacker Jürgen M.
Published: October 2017

Purpose: Ramp tests are continuously increasing exercise tests used for the determination of maximal oxygen uptake (), which is identifiable by a plateau in oxygen uptake despite increasing mechanical power output (LOAD). On wind-braked rowing ergometers (RowErg), it is hardly feasible to ensure a continuous increase in LOAD until test termination, as neither resistance nor stroke frequency is externally adjustable but depends on the rower. To enable ramp tests on RowErg, the authors produced visual stroke-by-stroke feedback showing target and actual LOAD to the rower. The software supports automatic test termination (TERMauto) if LOAD ceases to increase. The authors aimed to evaluate linearity of the LOAD increment and calculate the difference between TERMauto and test duration at subjective exhaustion. Materials: Twenty-eight highly trained male rowers performed a ramp test until subjective exhaustion on RowErg, targeting an increment of 35 W·min−1. LOAD was measured as work per time via external force and position sensors and visualized on a computer screen. TERMauto was deactivated, but all data were logged. Test duration at subjective exhaustion was subsequently compared with virtual test duration at TERMauto calculated from the log files. Results: Regression between time and LOAD was y = 167 + 34.6 W (r = .99). Individual correlations ranged from .97 to 1.0. TERMauto caused 12- to 35-s-shorter test durations than subjective exhaustion in 4 rowers, leading to an underestimation in not higher than 1.2% or 3.7%. Conclusion: This setup allows one to perform ramp tests on RowErg with continuously increasing LOAD until TERMauto. In particular cases might be slightly underestimated at TERMauto.
The Elevated Track in Pole Vault: An Advantage During Run-Up?
Authors: Cassirame Johan , Sanchez Hervé , Morin Jean-Benoit
Published: October 2017

Background: Approach speed is a major determinant of pole-vault performance. Athletic jump events such as long jump, triple jump, and pole vault can utilize an elevated track for the runway. Feedback from athletes indicates a benefit of using an elevated track on their results. However, there is no evidence that elevated tracks increase athletes’ performance. Purpose: To investigate the potential advantage of using an elevated track during elite pole-vault competitions on run-up speed parameters. Methods: Performance and run-up criteria (speed, stride rate, contact, and aerial time) were measured from 20 high-level male pole-vaulters during official competitions on either a regular or an elevated track. Parameters comparisons were made between both conditions, and run-up parameters were confronted to speed modification on the elevated track. Results: Statistical analyses indicated that for the elevated track, there was a small improvement in final speed (1.1%), stride rate (1.1%), and takeoff distance (3.1%) and a small reduction in aerial time (−1.9%). The study highlighted different individual responses depending on athletes’ capabilities. The authors noted that speed improvement was largely correlated with stride-rate improvement (r = .61) and contact-time reduction (r = −.51) for slower athletes. Conclusions: Elevated tracks can increase final approach speed in pole vault and positively influence performance. Interindividual responses were observed in these findings.
Accuracy of W′ Recovery Kinetics in High Performance Cyclists—Modeling Intermittent Work Capacity
Authors: Bartram Jason C. , Thewlis Dominic , Martin David T. , Norton Kevin I.
Published: October 2017

Purpose: With knowledge of an individual’s critical power and W′, the SKIBA 2 model provides a framework with which to track W′ balance during intermittent high-intensity work bouts. There are fears that the time constant controlling the recovery rate of W′ (τW′) may require refinement to enable effective use in an elite population. Methods: Four elite endurance cyclists completed an array of intermittent exercise protocols to volitional exhaustion. Each protocol lasted approximately 3.5–6 min and featured a range of recovery intensities, set in relation to the athlete’s critical power (DCP). Using the framework of the SKIBA 2 model, the τW′ values were modified for each protocol to achieve an accurate W′ at volitional exhaustion. Modified τW′ values were compared with equivalent SKIBA 2 τW′ values to assess the difference in recovery rates for this population. Plotting modified τW′ values against DCP showed the adjusted relationship between work rate and recovery rate. Results: Comparing modified τW′ values against the SKIBA 2 τW′ values showed a negative bias of 112 (46) s (mean ± 95% confidence limits), suggesting that athletes recovered W′ faster than predicted by SKIBA 2 (P = .0001). The modified τW′–DCP relationship was best described by a power function: τW′ = 2287.2 × DCP–0.688 (R2 = .433). Conclusions: The current SKIBA 2 model is not appropriate for use in elite cyclists, as it underpredicts the recovery rate of W′. The modified τW′ equation presented will require validation but appears more appropriate for high-performance athletes. Individual τW′ relationships may be necessary to maximize the model’s validity.
Effect of the Pacing Strategies on the Open-Water 10-km World Swimming Championships Performances
Authors: Rodriguez Luis , Veiga Santiago
Published: October 2017

Purpose: To (1) compare the pacing strategies of different-level open-water swimmers during the 10-km race of the FINA 2015 Swimming World Championships and (2) relate these pacing strategies to the race performance. Methods: Final and intermediate split times, as well as intermediate race positions, from the 10-km race participants (69 men and 51 women) were collected from the public domain and were divided into 5 groups (G1–G5) depending on their finishing positions. Results: Medalists and finalists (G1 and G2, respectively) presented an even pacing profile with swimming velocities similar to those of the less successful swimmers (G3–G5) on the initial and middle stages of the race but a 1.5–3% increase in swimming velocity in the last quarter of the race. This acceleration toward the end of the race, or “end spurt,” was largely related to the race performance and was not observed in the G3 and G4 (even-paced profile) or G5 (positive pacing profile) groups. Intermediate race positions and lap rankings were negatively related to finishing position, indicating a delayed positioning of the most successful swimmers at 25%, 50%, and 75% of race distance. Conclusions: The adoption of a conservative starting strategy by open-water swimmers with a negative pacing profile and delayed partial positioning seems to increase the chances of overall race success, as it allows a fast end spurt that is closely related to successful finishing race positions.
Returners Exhibit Greater Jumping Performance Improvements During a Peaking Phase Compared With New Players on a Volleyball Team
Authors: Bazyler Caleb D. , Mizuguchi Satoshi , Kavanaugh Ashley A. , McMahon John J. , Comfort Paul , Stone Michael H.
Published: October 2017

Purpose: To determine if jumping-performance changes during a peaking phase differed among returners and new players on a female collegiate volleyball team and to determine which variables best explained the variation in performance changes. Methods: Fourteen volleyball players were divided into 2 groups—returners (n = 7) and new players (n = 7)—who completed a 5-wk peaking phase prior to conference championships. Players were tested at baseline before the preseason on measures of the vastus lateralis cross-sectional area using ultrasonography, estimated back-squat 1-repetition maximum, countermovement jump height (JH), and relative peak power on a force platform. Jumping performance, rating of perceived exertion training load, and sets played were recorded weekly during the peaking phase. Results: There were moderate to very large (P < .01, Glass Δ = 1.74) and trivial to very large (P = .07, Δ = 1.09) differences in JH and relative peak power changes in favor of returners over new players, respectively, during the peaking phase. Irrespective of group, 7 of 14 players achieved peak JH 2 wk after the initial overreach. The number of sets played (r = .78, P < .01) and the athlete’s preseason relative 1-repetition maximum (r = .54, P = .05) were the strongest correlates of JH changes during the peaking phase. Conclusions: Returners achieved greater improvements in jumping performance during the peaking phase compared with new players, which may be explained by the returners’ greater relative maximal strength, time spent competing, and training experience. Thus, volleyball and strength coaches should consider these factors when prescribing training during a peaking phase to ensure their players are prepared for important competitions.
Relationship Between Muscle Strength Asymmetry and Body Sway in Older Adults
Authors: Koda Hitoshi , Kai Yoshihiro , Murata Shin , Osugi Hironori , Anami Kunihiko , Fukumoto Takahiko , Imagita Hidetaka
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between muscle strength asymmetry and body sway while walking. We studied 63 older adult women. Strong side and weak side of knee extension strength, toe grip strength, hand grip strength, and body sway while walking were measured. The relationship between muscle strength asymmetry for each muscle and body sway while walking was evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Regarding the muscles recognized to have significant correlation with body sway, the asymmetry cutoff value causing an increased sway was calculated. Toe grip strength asymmetry was significantly correlated with body sway. Toe grip strength asymmetry causing an increased body sway had a cutoff value of 23.5%. Our findings suggest toe grip strength asymmetry may be a target for improving gait stability.
Examination of Risk for Sleep-Disordered Breathing Among College Football Players
Authors: Peck Bailey , Renzi Timothy , Peach Hannah , Gaultney Jane , Marino Joseph S.
Published: October 2017

Context:Professional football linemen are at risk for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) compared with other types of athletes. It is currently unknown whether college football linemen display a similar risk profile.Objective:(1) To determine for the first time whether college football linemen show risk for SDB and (2) test the hypothesis that SDB risk is higher in college football linemen compared with an athletic comparison group.Design:Descriptive laboratory study.Setting:The Health Risk Assessment Laboratory.Participants:Male football linemen (n = 21) and track (n = 19) Division I athletes between the ages of 18 and 22 years.Interventions:Participants completed the Multivariable Apnea Prediction Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale surveys, validated measures of symptoms of sleep apnea and daytime sleepiness, respectively. Neck and waist circumferences, blood pressure, Modified Mallampati Index (MMPI), and tonsil size were determined, followed by body composition assessment using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.Main Outcome Measures:Scores from surveys, anthropometric data, MMPI, and body composition.Results:Survey data demonstrated a deficiency in sleep quality and efficiency, coinciding with increased self-reported symptoms of apnea (Multivariable Apnea Prediction Index = 0.78) in college linemen relative to track athletes. Neck circumference (44.36 cm), waist circumference (107.07 cm), body mass index (35.87 kg/m2), and percent body fat (29.20%), all of which exceeded the clinical predictors of risk for obstructive sleep apnea, were significantly greater in linemen compared with track athletes. Multivariable Apnea Prediction variables were significantly correlated with MMPI, neck circumference, percent body fat, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure (r ≥ .31,P < .05), indicating that college football linemen are at increased risk for SDB.Conclusions:Risk factors for SDB recognized in professional football linemen are also present at the college level. Screening may minimize present or future risk for SDB, as well as the downstream risk of SDB-associated metabolic and cardiovascular disease.
Under Surveillance: Collegiate Athletics as a Total Institution
Authors: Hatteberg Sarah J.
Published: October 2017

Scholars have identified similarities between collegiate athletics and total institutions for profit-athletes, but few examined the relationship for athletes participating in other sports. Drawing on qualitative data collected from a sample of NCAA Division I athletes participating in four different sports, this study examined how collegiate athletics might approximate a total institution according to Goffman’s 1961 conceptualization. Consistent with Goffman’s conceptualization, athletes experienced 1) an absence of barriers between their spheres of life, 2) insularity of the athletic community, 3) strict schedules, and 4) institutional objectives used to justify totalitarian practices. These aspects of the institution helped to facilitate pervasive surveillance and extensive institutional power and control, aspects of the institution that athletes of all sports types perceived as stressful. These findings suggest that structural aspects of collegiate athletics may operate as ambient strains that could have consequences for athlete well-being, a possibility that should be explored in future research.
A radio counterpart to a neutron star merger
Authors: Hallinan G. , Corsi A. , Mooley K. P. , Hotokezaka K. , Nakar E. , Kasliwal M. M. , Kaplan D. L. , Frail D. A. , Myers S. T. , Murphy T. , De K. , Dobie D. , Allison J. R. , Bannister K. W. , Bhalerao V. , Chandra P. , Clarke T. E. , Giacintucci S. , Ho A. Y. Q. , Horesh A. , Kassim N. E. , Kulkarni S. R. , Lenc E. , Lockman F. J. , Lynch C. , Nichols D. , Nissanke S. , Palliyaguru N. , Peters W. M. , Piran T. , Rana J. , Sadler E. M. , Singer L. P.
Published: October 2017

GROWTH observations of GW170817

The gravitational wave event GW170817 was caused by the merger of two neutron stars (see the Introduction by Smith). In three papers, teams associated with the GROWTH (Global Relay of Observatories Watching Transients Happen) project present their observations of the event at wavelengths from x-rays to radio waves. Evans
et al.
used space telescopes to detect GW170817 in the ultraviolet and place limits on its x-ray flux, showing that the merger generated a hot explosion known as a blue kilonova. Hallinan
et al.
describe radio emissions generated as the explosion slammed into the surrounding gas within the host galaxy. Kasliwal
et al.
present additional observations in the optical and infrared and formulate a model for the event involving a cocoon of material expanding at close to the speed of light, matching the data at all observed wavelengths.

Science
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1579
, p.
1559
; see also p.
1554
Early spectra of the gravitational wave source GW170817: Evolution of a neutron star merger
Authors: Shappee B. J. , Simon J. D. , Drout M. R. , Piro A. L. , Morrell N. , Prieto J. L. , Kasen D. , Holoien T. W.-S. , Kollmeier J. A. , Kelson D. D. , Coulter D. A. , Foley R. J. , Kilpatrick C. D. , Siebert M. R. , Madore B. F. , Murguia-Berthier A. , Pan Y.-C. , Prochaska J. X. , Ramirez-Ruiz E. , Rest A. , Adams C. , Alatalo K. , Bañados E. , Baughman J. , Bernstein R. A. , Bitsakis T. , Boutsia K. , Bravo J. R. , Di Mille F. , Higgs C. R. , Ji A. P. , Maravelias G. , Marshall J. L. , Placco V. M. , Prieto G. , Wan Z.
Published: October 2017

Photons from a gravitational wave event

Two neutron stars merging together generate a gravitational wave signal and have also been predicted to emit electromagnetic radiation. When the gravitational wave event GW170817 was detected, astronomers rushed to search for the source using conventional telescopes (see the Introduction by Smith). Coulter
et al.
describe how the One-Meter Two-Hemispheres (1M2H) collaboration was the first to locate the electromagnetic source. Drout
et al.
present the 1M2H measurements of its optical and infrared brightness, and Shappee
et al.
report their spectroscopy of the event, which is unlike previously detected astronomical transient sources. Kilpatrick
et al.
show how these observations can be explained by an explosion known as a kilonova, which produces large quantities of heavy elements in nuclear reactions.

Science
, this issue p.
1556
, p.
1570
, p.
1574
, p.
1583
; see also p.
1554
Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Cefiderocol, a Parenteral Siderophore Cephalosporin, in Healthy Subjects, Subjects with Various Degrees of Renal Function, and Patients with Complicated Urinary Tract Infection or Acute Uncomplicated Pyelonephritis
Authors: Kawaguchi Nao , Katsube Takayuki , Echols Roger , Wajima Toshihiro
Published: October 2017

Cefiderocol, a novel parenteral siderophore cephalosporin, exhibits potent efficacy against most Gram-negative bacteria, including carbapenem-resistant strains. The aim of this study was to perform a population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis based on plasma cefiderocol concentrations in healthy subjects, subjects with various degrees of renal function, and patients with complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI) or acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis (AUP) caused by Gram-negative pathogens and to calculate the fraction of the time during the dosing interval where the free drug concentration in plasma exceeds the MIC (
fT
MIC
). Population PK models were developed with three renal function markers, body surface area-adjusted estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), absolute eGFR, and creatinine clearance, on the basis of 2,571 plasma concentrations from 91 subjects without infection and 238 patients with infection. The population PK models with each renal function marker adequately described the plasma cefiderocol concentrations. Clear relationships of total clearance (CL) to all renal function markers were observed. Body weight and disease status (with or without infection) were also significant covariates. The CL in patients with infection was 26% higher than that in subjects without infection. The
fT
MIC
values were more than 75% in all patients (and were 100% in most patients), suggesting that a sufficient exposure to cefiderocol was provided by the tested dose regimens (2 g every 8 h as the standard dose regimen) for the treatment of cUTI or AUP caused by Gram-negative pathogens.
Effect of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy in the treatment of a post-traumatic chondral defect of the knee
Authors: Freitag Julien , Li Douglas , Wickham James , Shah Kiran , Tenen Abi
Published: October 2017

Isolated chondral defects have a limited capacity to heal and predispose to the development of osteoarthritis. Current surgical management can be unpredictable in outcome. Improved understanding of the action of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has seen renewed interest in their role in cartilage repair. A 26-year-old athlete presented with a post-traumatic, isolated patella chondral defect. The patient underwent an arthroscopy with removal of a chondral loose body. After failure to symptomatically improve 12 months following surgery, the patient received intra-articular autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC) therapy.
Optimising the quality of antibiotic prescribing in out-of-hours primary care in Belgium: a study protocol for an action research project
Authors: Colliers Annelies , Coenen Samuel , Philips Hilde , Remmen Roy , Anthierens Sibyl
Published: October 2017

Introduction

Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health threat driven by inappropriate antibiotic use, mainly in general practice and for respiratory tract infections. In Belgium, the quality of general practitioners’ (GPs) antibiotic prescribing is low. To improve antibiotic use, we need a better understanding of this quality problem and corresponding interventions. A general practitioners cooperative (GPC) for out-of-hours (OOH) care presents a unique opportunity to reach a large group of GPs and work on quality improvement. Participatory action research (PAR) is a bottom-up approach that focuses on implementing change into daily practice and has the potential to empower practitioners to produce their own solutions to optimise their antibiotic prescribing.

Methods

This PAR study to improve antibiotic prescribing quality in OOH care uses a mixed methods approach. In a first exploratory phase, we will develop a partnership with a GPC and map the existing barriers and opportunities. In a second phase, we will focus on facilitating change and implementing interventions through PDSA (Plan-Do-Study-Act) cycles. In a third phase, antibiotic prescribing quality outside and antibiotic use during office hours will be evaluated. Equally important are the process evaluation and theory building on improving antibiotic prescribing.

Ethics

The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Antwerp University Hospital/University of Antwerp. PAR unfolds in response to the needs and issues of the stakeholders, therefore new ethics approval will be obtained at each new stage of the research.

Dissemination

Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing are needed now more than ever and outcomes will be highly relevant for GPCs, GPs in daily practice, national policymakers and the international scientific community.

Trial registration number

NCT03082521; Pre-results.
Health-related quality of life variations by sociodemographic factors and chronic conditions in three metropolitan cities of South Asia: the CARRS study
Authors: Singh Kavita , Kondal Dimple , Shivashankar Roopa , Ali Mohammed K , Pradeepa Rajendra , Ajay Vamadevan S , Mohan Viswanathan , Kadir Muhammad M , Sullivan Mark Daniel , Tandon Nikhil , Narayan K M Venkat , Prabhakaran Dorairaj
Published: October 2017

Objectives

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a key indicator of health. However, HRQOL data from representative populations in South Asia are lacking. This study aims to describe HRQOL overall, by age, gender and socioeconomic status, and examine the associations between selected chronic conditions and HRQOL in adults from three urban cities in South Asia.

Methods

We used data from 16 287 adults aged ≥20 years from the baseline survey of the Centre for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia cohort (2010–2011). HRQOL was measured using the European Quality of Life Five Dimension—Visual Analogue Scale (EQ5D-VAS), which measures health status on a scale of 0 (worst health status) to 100 (best possible health status).

Results

16 284 participants completed the EQ5D-VAS. Mean age was 42.4 (±13.3) years and 52.4% were women. 14% of the respondents reported problems in mobility and pain/discomfort domains. Mean VAS score was 74 (95% CI 73.7 to 74.2). Significantly lower health status was found in elderly (64.1), women (71.6), unemployed (68.4), less educated (71.2) and low-income group (73.4). Individuals with chronic conditions reported worse health status than those without (67.4 vs 76.2): prevalence ratio, 1.8 (95% CI 1.61 to 2.04).

Conclusions

Our data demonstrate significantly lower HRQOL in key demographic groups and those with chronic conditions, which is consistent with previous studies. These data provide insights on inequalities in population health status, and potentially reveal unmet needs in the community to guide health policies.
Probiotics administered intravaginally as a complementary therapy combined with antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Ma Liyan , Su Jianrong , Su Yanli , Sun Wei , Zeng Zhaoying
Published: October 2017

Introduction

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a highly prevalent vaginal polymicrobial disorder commonly encountered in women of childbearing age. Therapy with only recommended antibiotics results in low cure rates and unacceptably high recurrence rates. The use of probiotics as a complementary approach for use with antibiotics for the treatment of BV remains unclear. This review aims to assess the efficacy of lactobacilli administered intravaginally in conjunction with antibiotics for the treatment of BV.

Methods and analysis

The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in The Cochrane Library, Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, Medline/PubMed and Embase will be used to search for articles from database inception to November 2016. Randomised controlled clinical trials using lactobacilli administered intravaginally in conjunction with antibiotics to treat BV will be included. Primary outcome will be the BV cure rate. The recurrence rate will be examined as secondary outcome. Two reviewers will independently select trials and extract data from the original publications. The risk of bias will be assessed according to the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. We will perform data synthesis using the Review Manager (RevMan) software V.5.2.3. To assess heterogeneity, we will compute the I2statistic.

Ethics and dissemination

This study will be a review of published data and it is not necessary to obtain ethical approval. Findings of this systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Trial registration number

International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews 2014: CRD42014015079.
MMS19 localizes to mitochondria and protects the mitochondrial genome from oxidative damage
Authors: Wu Rui , Tan Qunsong , Niu Kaifeng , Zhu Yuqi , Wei Di , Zhao Yongliang , Fang Hongbo
Published: October 2017

MMS19 localizes to the cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments involved in transcription and nucleotide excision repair (NER). However, whether MMS19 localizes to mitochondria, where it plays a role in maintaining mitochondrial genome stability, remains unknown. In this study, we provide the first evidence that MMS19 is localized in the inner membrane of mitochondria and participates in mtDNA oxidative damage repair. MMS19 knockdown led to mitochondrial dysfunctions including decreased mtDNA copy number, diminished mtDNA repair capacity, and elevated levels of mtDNA common deletion after oxidative stress. Immunoprecipitation – mass spectrometry analysis identified that MMS19 interacts with ANT2, a protein associated with mitochondrial ATP metabolism. ANT2 knockdown also resulted in a decreased mtDNA repair capacity after oxidative damage. Our findings suggest that MMS19 plays an essential role in maintaining mitochondrial genome stability.