bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is there a difference in physical activity levels in patients before and up to one year after unilateral total hip replacement? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Withers Thomas M , Lister Sarah , Sackley Catherine , Clark Allan , Smith Toby O
Published: October 2016

Objective:

To determine the difference in physical activity levels before and up to one year after unilateral primary total hip replacement.

Data sources:

A search was performed on 13 July 2016. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they presented preoperative and up to one year postoperative measures of physical activity for patients who had undergone unilateral primary total hip replacement.

Review methods:

Any article that used a measure of physical activity pre and up to one year post-unilateral primary total hip replacement. Data was synthesised using a meta-analysis with 95% confidence intervals (CI), if appropriate. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme cohort study checklist was used to assess the quality of evidence.

Results:

From 6024 citations, 17 studies were selected: Nine studies were analysed in a meta-analysis and eight studies were analysed qualitatively. The quality of the evidence was ‘low’ to ‘moderate’. There was no statistically significant difference in physical activity pre- to post-total hip replacement when assessed using: movement-related activity (mean difference (MD): −0.08; 95% CI: 1.60, 1.44; I2= 0%; n = 77), percentage of 24-hours spent walking (MD: −0.21; 95% CI: −1.36, 0.93; I2= 12%; n = 65), 6-minute walk test (MD: −60.85; 95% CI: −122.41, 0.72; I2= 84%; n = 113) or the cardiopulmonary exercise test (MD: −0.24; 95% CI: −1.36, 0.87; I2= 0%; n = 76).

Conclusion:

There is no statistically significant difference in physical activity levels before and up to one year after unilateral primary total hip replacement. However, the low to moderate methodological quality of the included articles should be taken into consideration when drawing conclusions.
Republication of “On Becoming a Critically Reflexive Practitioner”
Authors: Cunliffe Ann L.
Published: October 2016

Critically reflexive practice embraces subjective understandings of reality as a basis for thinking more critically about the impact of our assumptions, values, and actions on others. Such practice is important to management education, because it helps us understand how we constitute our realities and identities in relational ways and how we can develop more collaborative and responsive ways of managing organizations. This article offers three ways of stimulating critically reflexive practice: (a) an exercise to help students think about the socially constructed nature of reality, (b) a map to help situate reflective and reflexive practice, and (c) an outline and examples of critically reflexive journaling.
Identifying the elements of entrepreneurial opportunity constructs
Authors: Hansen David J. , Monllor Javier , Shrader Rodney C.
Published: October 2016

There is plenty of debate in the entrepreneurship literature regarding entrepreneurial opportunity. There also has been a lack of construct clarity. These two issues have combined to stifle progress in understanding this important phenomenon. We believe that across these debates there are many underlying commonalities and potential for more clear constructs. In this article, we review how scholars have defined and operationalized entrepreneurial opportunity and opportunity-related processes in order to better understand what they really mean when they say ‘opportunity’. We found a total of 102 definitions and 51 operationalizations from 105 articles published in leading entrepreneurship and management journals. A total of 81 elements were identified across the definitions and operationalizations and compiled into an integrated process model. The model incorporates what seemed to be disparate views into a single unifying model. Comparison between conceptual definitions and operationalizations reveals many elements that are missing either conceptual or empirical attention. The model will help scholars more easily identify and build upon prior research. To that effect, numerous suggestions for future research are discussed and are summarized in a table.
Animating Best Practice
Authors: Jacobs Brendan , Robin Bernard
Published: October 2016

This article discusses the affordances of the explanatory animation creation process on the person who makes the animation, specifically, how his or her own conceptual understanding of any chosen topic is challenged, deepened, and ultimately consolidated throughout this process. Third generation activity theory was used in this study as a methodological lens to examine the explanatory animation process at various stages as both a tool and an object. Whilst educational animations have traditionally been the result of collaborations between professional animators and educators, this article documents how children can be engaged in this same process, as a means in itself, for the sake of their own learning. Our claim here is that the children’s mental models, as depicted through the animation key frames, functioned as both flexible models and diagnostic tools.
From Animation to Augmentation: Dennō Coil and the Composited Self
Authors: Roquet Paul
Published: October 2016

When cities are covered over with layers of augmented reality, what shadows are cast by this new ability to see? The Japanese anime series  Dennō Coil  explores exactly this question, following a group of children living in a near-future society where augmented reality glasses have become as essential to daily life as smartphones have today. Comparing debates over ‘seamful’ design in ubiquitous computing with the role of the alpha channel in digital image compositing, the author argues for understanding the sensory environments of augmented reality as part of a longer history of bringing the animated image out into the spaces of everyday life. This article explores the new physical and psychological demands placed on individuals as they seek to navigate the protocols of this newly augmented world, while cultivating and conditioning what the author calls the ‘composited self’.
Land, Labour and Market: Exclusion of Dalits in Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Pankaj Ajeet Kumar
Published: October 2016

Social exclusion has been identified as an obstacle for Dalits in every sphere of society, which deprives them of access to resources. It has multiple forms which exclude Dalits from labour market and which creates adverse impact on their means of living. This article provides a theoretical and empirical perspective on the study of caste-based discrimination in the sphere of resource accessibility and consumer market discrimination. It sets the stage for addressing some of the key questions surrounding discrimination in consumer market and labour market, by highlighting the ways in which the caste system persists through various forms of discrimination. It specifically looks into the plight of discrimination in various labour markets in terms of access to employment, wages and employer behaviour at workplace. It also examines the consequences of discrimination in labour market on Dalits, that is, labouring class and caste relation in the local market. The article, in its essence, contextualizes from literature and empirical evidences collected from the field.
Identity and Social Exclusion of Dalit Women: A Psychosocial Perspective
Authors: Jose Justin P.
Published: October 2016

This study empirically validates the psychosocial model of social exclusion in 301 randomly selected Dalit women. The model postulates that stigmatized lower caste identity is non-dominant that induces and sustains discrimination, disposing individuals vulnerable to psychosocial disability, which substantially reduce quality of social life. The fit indices show good data model fit. The X2 = (10, N = 301) = 16.228; p > 0.05). Adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) was 0.915, comparative fit index was 0.920, root mean square error of approximation was 0.050 and Root mean square residual (RMR) was 0.073. Enacted stigma (β = 0.211; p < 0.001), non-dominant identity (β = 0.113; p < 0.05) and perceived stigma (β = 0.419; p < 0.001) significantly increased discrimination in Dalit women. Discrimination significantly increases psychological disability (β = 0.169; p < 0.001) and social disability (β = 0.550; p < 0.001). Psychological disability (β = –0.111; p < 0.05), social disability (β = –0.272; p < 0.001) and discrimination (β = –0.340; p < 0.001) significantly reduced Dalit women’s quality of social life. Hence, the study concludes that this model is potentially useful to explain the process of social exclusion in Dalit women.
Hindu Code Bill: Towards Liberation of Women
Authors: Chaudhary Poonam
Published: October 2016

Multiple roles of maternity formed the core of the discourse surrounding the controversial Hindu Code Bill during 1941–1956. In the struggle to reach a social agreement on family laws for the majority Hindu community in modern India, the discourse in the public and legislative scope brought out the split social ethics on maternity in Indian society. The constructive phase of family law reforms also played an important role in the social formation of the identity of maternity. The current revitalization of the discussion on enacting a uniform civil code, which its proponents trust will give all oppressed women equal rights, manages the reality of the discrimination that Hindu women continue to face in spite of alterations in Hindu personal laws, including issues of maintenance and inheritance. Instead of consistency in law oppressed women need an accessible and affordable justice system. Gender equality often stands compromised in several personal laws in India, along with the history of legislature having a non-interfering attitude in altering inequitable personal laws, in order to avoid negotiating on their political vote banks, unless rebuked by the judiciary.
Structures of Social Exclusion, Dera Culture and Dalit Social Mobility in Contemporary East Punjab
Authors: Ram Ronki
Published: October 2016

Dalit social exclusion emanates from structures of cultural differentiation and spatial demarcation. The structures of cultural differentiation are entrenched in the oppressive social system of caste hierarchy. They are further fortified with the seamless social boundaries of segregated Dalit neighbourhoods. If graded caste hierarchy reduced Dalits to the lowest rung on the scale of social status, their segregated neighbourhoods ghettoized them within the socio-spatial boundaries of oppressive territorial demarcations. Until recently, segregated Dalit space used to be a submissive site of despair, dependence and helplessness. All public amenities and sacred domains of mainstream religions were/are housed within the well-guarded neighbourhoods of the upper/dominant castes. Dalit neighbourhoods were/are deprived of all such essential facilities and access to the sanctum sanctorum of the mainstream religious centres. However, embolden by the presence of a large number of Ravidass Deras, Dalits have come to muster enough strength to assert for their distinct and independent socio-cultural and religious identity, which in turn prompted them to ask for their long denied due share in the local structures of power. The mushrooming of Ravidass Deras and the concomitant rise of separate Dalit identity is an apt case for a critical study of Dalit social mobility in contemporary East Punjab.
Changing Lives of Birhors in Purulia: A Socio-economic Observation in Twenty-first Century
Authors: Bose Rumki
Published: October 2016

Purulia is a habitat of various tribal communities of West Bengal as well as the vast tribal families of Indian sub-continent. The tribes are normally portrayed as discrete categories, having little linkages with the happenings of the mainstream civilization. Having very little population in West Bengal, the Birhors mainly reside in the area under Baghmundi, Jhaldah and Balarampur police stations of Purulia district which forms an extension of Hazaribagh plateau. One of the earliest nomadic tribes of our country, the Birhors settled down, giving up their wanderer characteristic feature, over time. This article highlights their past as well as quite colourful present to show the difference made by government initiatives under tribal development programmes. The article also depicts the socio-economic, educational and cultural condition of the Birhors in the fast-moving world of twenty-first century.
Clusterflock: a flocking algorithm for isolating congruent phylogenomic datasets
Authors: Narechania Apurva , Baker Richard , DeSalle Rob , Mathema Barun , Kolokotronis Sergios-Orestis , Kreiswirth Barry , Planet Paul J
Published: October 2016

Background

Collective animal behavior, such as the flocking of birds or the shoaling of fish, has inspired a class of algorithms designed to optimize distance-based clusters in various applications, including document analysis and DNA microarrays. In a flocking model, individual agents respond only to their immediate environment and move according to a few simple rules. After several iterations the agents self-organize, and clusters emerge without the need for partitional seeds. In addition to its unsupervised nature, flocking offers several computational advantages, including the potential to reduce the number of required comparisons.

Findings

In the tool presented here, Clusterflock, we have implemented a flocking algorithm designed to locate groups (flocks) of orthologous gene families (OGFs) that share an evolutionary history. Pairwise distances that measure phylogenetic incongruence between OGFs guide flock formation. We tested this approach on several simulated datasets by varying the number of underlying topologies, the proportion of missing data, and evolutionary rates, and show that in datasets containing high levels of missing data and rate heterogeneity, Clusterflock outperforms other well-established clustering techniques. We also verified its utility on a known, large-scale recombination event in Staphylococcus aureus. By isolating sets of OGFs with divergent phylogenetic signals, we were able to pinpoint the recombined region without forcing a pre-determined number of groupings or defining a pre-determined incongruence threshold.

Conclusions

Clusterflock is an open-source tool that can be used to discover horizontally transferred genes, recombined areas of chromosomes, and the phylogenetic ‘core' of a genome. Although we used it here in an evolutionary context, it is generalizable to any clustering problem. Users can write extensions to calculate any distance metric on the unit interval, and can use these distances to ‘flock' any type of data.
Draft genome sequence of Streptomyces sp. TP-A0867, an alchivemycin producer
Authors: Komaki Hisayuki , Ichikawa Natsuko , Oguchi Akio , Hamada Moriyuki , Harunari Enjuro , Kodani Shinya , Fujita Nobuyuki , Igarashi Yasuhiro
Published: October 2016

Streptomyces sp. TP-A0867 (=NBRC 109436) produces structurally complex polyketides designated alchivemycins A and B. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of this strain together with features of the organism and assembly, annotation, and analysis of the genome sequence. The 9.9 Mb genome of Streptomyces sp. TP-A0867 encodes 8,385 putative ORFs, of which 7,232 were assigned with COG categories. We successfully identified a hybrid polyketide synthase (PKS)/ nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene cluster that could be responsible for alchivemycin biosynthesis, and propose the biosynthetic pathway. The alchivemycin biosynthetic gene cluster is also present in Streptomyces rapamycinicus NRRL 5491T, Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. hygroscopicus NBRC 16556, and Streptomyces ascomycinicus NBRC 13981T, which are taxonomically highly close to strain TP-A0867. This study shows a representative example that distribution of secondary metabolite genes is correlated with evolution within the genus Streptomyces.
An Adaptive Flex-Deluge Approach to University Exam Timetabling
Authors: Burke Edmund K. , Bykov Yuri
Published: October 2016

This paper presents a new methodology for university exam timetabling problems, which draws upon earlier work on the Great Deluge metaheuristic. The new method introduces a “flexible” acceptance condition. Even a simple variant of this technique (with fixed flexibility) outperforms the original Great Deluge algorithm. Moreover, it enables a run-time adaptation of an acceptance condition for each particular move. We investigate the adaptive mechanism where the algorithm accepts the movement of exams in a way that is dependent upon the difficulty of assigning that exam. The overall motivation is to encourage the exploration of a wider region of the search space. We present an analysis of the results of our tests of this technique on two international collections of benchmark exam timetabling problems. We show that 9 of 16 solutions in the first collection and 11 of 12 solutions in the second collection produced by our technique have a higher level of quality than previously published methodologies.
Large-Scale Loan Portfolio Selection
Authors: Sirignano Justin A. , Tsoukalas Gerry , Giesecke Kay
Published: October 2016

We consider the problem of optimally selecting a large portfolio of risky loans, such as mortgages, credit cards, auto loans, student loans, or business loans. Examples include loan portfolios held by financial institutions and fixed-income investors as well as pools of loans backing mortgage- and asset-backed securities. The size of these portfolios can range from the thousands to even hundreds of thousands. Optimal portfolio selection requires the solution of a high-dimensional nonlinear integer program and is extremely computationally challenging. For larger portfolios, this optimization problem is intractable. We propose an approximate optimization approach that yields an asymptotically optimal portfolio for a broad class of data-driven models of loan delinquency and prepayment. We prove that the asymptotically optimal portfolio converges to the optimal portfolio as the portfolio size grows large. Numerical case studies using actual loan data demonstrate its computational efficiency. The asymptotically optimal portfolio’s computational cost does not increase with the size of the portfolio. It is typically many orders of magnitude faster than nonlinear integer program solvers while also being highly accurate even for moderate-sized portfolios.
Modelling of High Torque Density Switched Reluctance Motors with Mutual Coupling
Authors: Greule Mario , Müller Johannes , Doppelbauer Martin
Published: October 2016

In this paper a method is introduced which models the resulting motor torque and current dynamics directly from the flux linkages. With the introduced method to process the flux linkage characteristics it is sufficient to calculate half of an electrical period to receive all information for modelling the system’s behaviour, even for both long and short flux path mutual coupling. The model is validated by 2D finite
Papeles de investigación: Figuras de habla poética
Authors: Milone Gabriela
Published: October 2016

Nuestro trabajo indaga figuras de la lengua asociadas a la poesía, específicamente a la nociónde «habla poética» (la cual se desprende de laensayística de Maurice Blanchot y se conectacon reflexiones de otros pensadores contempo-ráneos, como Giorgio Agamben, Jacques Derri-da, Daniel Heller-Roazen, Henri Meschonnic yJean-Luc Nancy, entre otros). Desde esta perspectiva, analizaremos dos figuras específicas delhabla poética: «bocado de habla» (Meschonnic)y «babelización» (Agamben, Derrida). Así, bus-camos reflexionar sobre la materia del lenguaje (Agamben) en el quiasmo del sentido quese siente sentirse (Nancy) y en la posibilidaddel habla a partir de los fragmentos, de bocaa boca, de lengua en lengua. Acompañaremosestas indagaciones teóricas con voces poéticasargentinas contemporáneas, principalmente deRoberto Cignoni, Oscar del Barco, Juan Car-los Bustriazo Ortiz, y José Villa, voces que nosinvitan particularmente a reflexionar sobre larecursividad de la escritura, la reverberancia delsonido, los singulares y múltiples desvíos delhabla poética.
Dossier: ¿Para quién escribimos?
Authors: Quintana Isabel Alicia
Published: October 2016

El dossier reúne artículos de algunos integran-tes del Comité Científico de la revista El taco enla brea que reflexionan a partir de la pregunta:«¿Para quién escribimos?». Los ensayos planteanla relación tensa entre escritura y normativa ins-titucional, las expectativas y desencuentro conla comunidad de pares, el desarrollo complejode redes en los que circulan los textos y sus lec-tores, las modificaciones en la producción detextos debido al uso de nuevas tecnologías, losresultados imprevisibles a causa de la apropia-ción de ensayos críticos por parte de lectores noestrictamente académicos (universitaria).
Dossier: Lo que escribimos, los que nos leen
Authors: Montaldo Graciela
Published: October 2016

Este artículo se propuso describir algunas prác-ticas de escritura y lectura en la escena contem-poránea. Apunta a dos aspectos de la mismapráctica: cierta experiencia histórica de la escri-tura crítica y las condiciones del trabajo críticoen el presente. Se detiene básicamente en losproblemas y desafíos institucionales de la pro-ducción cultural contemporánea y en la formaque entendemos los cambios en los saberes. Lohace en el contexto de los estudios latinoameri-canos. Su hipótesis principal es que la férrea ho-mogeneización institucional abre, sin embargo,espacios de fuga a la normalización escrituraria.
The Role of M-Commerce Readiness in Emerging and Developed Markets
Authors: Ashraf Abdul R. , Thongpapanl Narongsak (Tek) , Menguc Bulent , Northey Gavin
Published: October 2016

Although mobile commerce (m-commerce) growth provides ample potential for retailers around the globe, several studies have shown that it has failed to attract potential customers across different countries. This study advances the literature by comparing m-commerce customers’ behavioral intentions and actual behaviors using data from 812 m-commerce users across four countries (Australia, India, the United States, and Pakistan). This context offers a unique opportunity for understanding how m-commerce consumers’ behaviors differ across disparate national markets. The authors propose a conceptual framework linking m-commerce users’ behaviors (intentions and actual usages) to key drivers (ubiquity and habit), and they develop hypotheses about the moderating roles of m-commerce readiness and habit in these linkages. The results reveal important asymmetries between m-commerce readiness stage and between habit: users at an early m-commerce readiness stage assign more importance to ubiquity relative to habit in influencing purchase intentions, whereas the opposite is true for the users who are at an advanced stage. Habit moderates the influence of ubiquity such that its importance in determining intention decreases as the behavior in question takes a more habitual nature. The authors outline how m-retailers operating across developed and developing countries should adapt their marketing strategies to customers at different m-commerce readiness stages.
Experimental measurements for improved understanding and simulation of snowmelt events in the Western Tatra Mountains
Authors: Krajčí Pavel , Danko Michal , Hlavčo Jozef , Kostka Zdeněk , Holko Ladislav
Published: October 2016

Snow accumulation and melt are highly variable. Therefore, correct modeling of spatial variability of the snowmelt, timing and magnitude of catchment runoff still represents a challenge in mountain catchments for flood forecasting. The article presents the setup and results of detailed field measurements of snow related characteristics in a mountain microcatchment (area 59 000 m2, mean altitude 1509 m a. s. l.) in the Western Tatra Mountains, Slovakia obtained in winter 2015. Snow water equivalent (SWE) measurements at 27 points documented a very large spatial variability through the entire winter. For instance, range of the SWE values exceeded 500 mm at the end of the accumulation period (March 2015). Simple snow lysimeters indicated that variability of snowmelt and discharge measured at the catchment outlet corresponded well with the rise of air temperature above 0°C. Temperature measurements at soil surface were used to identify the snow cover duration at particular points. Snow melt duration was related to spatial distribution of snow cover and spatial patterns of snow radiation. Obtained data together with standard climatic data (precipitation and air temperature) were used to calibrate and validate the spatially distributed hydrological model MIKE-SHE. The spatial redistribution of input precipitation seems to be important for modeling even on such a small scale. Acceptable simulation of snow water equivalents and snow duration does not guarantee correct simulation of peakflow at short-time (hourly) scale required for example in flood forecasting. Temporal variability of the stream discharge during the snowmelt period was simulated correctly, but the simulated discharge was overestimated.
Identification of long-term high-flow regime changes in selected stations along the Danube River
Authors: Pekárová Pavla , Pramuk Branislav , Halmová Dana , Miklánek Pavol , Prohaska Stevan , Pekár Ján
Published: October 2016

The aim of the paper is to study spatial and temporal changes in the magnitude, duration and frequency of high flows in the Danube basin. A hydrological series of the mean daily discharges from 20 gauging stations (operated minimally since 1930) were used for the analysis of changes in the daily discharges. The high flow events were classified into three classes: high flow pulses, small floods, and large floods. For each year and for each class, the means of the peak discharges, the number and duration of events, and the rate of changes of the rising and falling limbs of the waves were determined.

The long-term trends of the annual time series obtained were analyzed and statistically evaluated. The long-term high flow changes were found to be different in three individual high flow classes. The duration of the category of high flow pulses is decreasing at 19 stations on the Danube and is statistically significant at the Linz, Vienna, Bratislava and Orsova stations. The frequency of the high flow pulses is increasing in all 20 stations. Also, the rising and falling rates of the high flow pulse category are increasing at the majority of the stations. The long-term trends of the selected characteristics of the small floods are very similar to the trends of the high flow pulses, i.e., the duration of small floods is decreasing, and their mean number per year is increasing. In the category of large floods the changes were not proved.
Vandetanib induces a marked anti-tumor effect and amelioration of ectopic Cushing’s syndrome in a medullary thyroid carcinoma patient
Authors: Bseiso Hashem , Lev-Cohain Naama , Gross David J , Grozinsky-Glasberg Simona
Published: October 2016

A 55-year-old woman diagnosed with sporadic MTC underwent total thyroidectomy 20 years ago. After the first surgery, elevated calcitonin levels in parallel with local disease persistence were noted and therefore she underwent repeated neck dissections. During follow-up, multiple foci of metastatic disease were noted in the neck and mediastinal lymph nodes, lungs and bones; however, the disease had an indolent course for a number of years, in parallel with a calcitonin doubling time of more than two years and without significant symptoms. During a routine follow-up visit 2 years ago, findings suggestive of Cushing’s syndrome were observed on physical examination. The biochemical evaluation demonstrated markedly elevated serum calcitonin level, in parallel with lack of cortisol suppression after an overnight 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test, lack of cortisol and ACTH suppression after high-dose IV dexamethasone 8 mg, elevated plasma ACTH up to 79 pg/mL (normal <46 pg/mL) and elevated 24-h urinary free cortisol up to 501 µg/24 h (normal 9–90 µg/24 h). After a negative pituitary MRI, she underwent IPSS, which was compatible with EAS. Whole-body CT demonstrated progressive disease at most of the tumor sites. Treatment with vandetanib at a dosage of 200 mg/day was commenced. The patient showed a significant, rapid and consistent clinical improvement already after two months of treatment, in parallel with biochemical improvement, whereas a decrease in tumor size was demonstrated on follow-up CT.

Learning points:

Ectopic Cushing’s syndrome due to ectopic ACTH secretion (EAS) by MTC is an uncommon and a poor prognostic event, being associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

We demonstrate that vandetanib is effective in controlling the signs and symptoms related to the EAS in patients with advanced progressive MTC.

We demonstrate that vandetanib is effective in decreasing tumor size and in inducing tumor control.
Rhabdomyolysis case based on hypothyroidism
Authors: Katipoglu Bilal , Ates Ihsan , Acehan Fatih , Meteris Ayşenur , Yılmaz Nisbet
Published: October 2016

Hypothyroidism is a wide clinical spectrum disorder and only a few cases in literature show this. Rhabdomyolysis and acute renal impairment can be seen concurrently in a hypothyroid state. We report a case of severe hypothyroidism with poor drug compliance leading to rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury.

Learning points:

Hypothyroidism is a rare cause of acute kidney injury.

In this case report, we studied a rare occurrence of acute renal impairment due to hypothyroidism with poor drug compliance, which induced rhabdomyolysis.

Our report emphasized that thyroid status should be evaluated in patients with unexplained acute renal impairment or presenting with the symptoms of muscle involvement.
SIDS and Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Evidence Base for 2016 Updated Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment
Authors: Moon Rachel Y. ,   TASK FORCE ON SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME, Darnall Robert A. , Feldman-Winter Lori , Goodstein Michael H. , Hauck Fern R.
Published: October 2016

Approximately 3500 infants die annually in the United States from sleep-related infant deaths, including sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), ill-defined deaths, and accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed. After an initial decrease in the 1990s, the overall sleep-related infant death rate has not declined in more recent years. Many of the modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for SIDS and other sleep-related infant deaths are strikingly similar. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a safe sleep environment that can reduce the risk of all sleep-related infant deaths. Recommendations for a safe sleep environment include supine positioning, use of a firm sleep surface, room-sharing without bed-sharing, and avoidance of soft bedding and overheating. Additional recommendations for SIDS risk reduction include avoidance of exposure to smoke, alcohol, and illicit drugs; breastfeeding; routine immunization; and use of a pacifier. New evidence and rationale for recommendations are presented for skin-to-skin care for newborn infants, bedside and in-bed sleepers, sleeping on couches/armchairs and in sitting devices, and use of soft bedding after 4 months of age. In addition, expanded recommendations for infant sleep location are included. The recommendations and strength of evidence for each recommendation are published in the accompanying policy statement, “SIDS and Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Updated 2016 Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment,” which is included in this issue.
POLÍTICAS DE SEGURIDAD CONTRA EL NARCOTRÁFICO: MÉXICO, BRASIL Y COLOMBIA
Authors: Estrada Fernando , Moscoso Durán Fabio Fernando , Andrade Valbuena Nelson A.
Published: October 2016

Durante la década anterior la criminalidad organizada incrementó considerablemente la violencia contra los estados del norte en México, si se le compara con la relativa disminución en Brasil y Colombia. ¿Por qué difieren las políticas de seguridad al intentar reducir la violencia causada por el narcotráfico? ¿Repite México los mismos fenómenos de violencia que Colombia durante los años 90? ¿Qué diferencia los modelos de seguridad en Rio y la política de contención implementada en Medellín durante el gobierno del presidente Uribe? El análisis de la violencia criminal como subtipo de las guerras civiles provee pocas herramientas dadas las diferencias entre las organizaciones de la mafia y agrupaciones insurgentes. En este artículo se sustenta que los carteles de las drogas no luchan exclusivamente por territorio o por el control del poder político, sino que entre sus objetivos está condicionar a los actores estatales a trabajar por ellos. El medio preferido por los carteles de las drogas es la corrupción –amenazando funcionarios o sobornándolos. Nuestra lectura permite observar que una mayor represión incrementa los precios del soborno y promueve la guerra entre los mismos carteles, siempre que se cumplan dos condiciones (a) que la corrupción sea generalizada, y (b) que la represión obligue a los carteles a tomar retaliaciones como venganza. Analizar los cambios en las políticas de seguridad contribuye a explicar las diferencias entre los mismos carteles.
Reading Aloud and Interpretative Reading in Class/Čitanje naglas i interpretativno čitanje u razredu
Authors: Pletikos Olof Elenmari , Vlašić Duić Jelena
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis work examines the place and importance of reading aloud in class in the framework of teaching reading skills and reading strategies. Reading aloud develops motivation for reading and improves reading fluency. Listening to and practising interpretative reading stimulate children's emotional and cognitive development, facilitate the understanding and memory of the content, and contribute to reading literacy. The aim of this paper is to examine how much time teachers devote to reading aloud in the class, how they coordinate it with reading strategies before, during and after the reading, how well teachers have learned interpretative reading and how often they use literature audio recordings. The results show that the majority of teachers (91.3%) often, i.e., one to three times a week, read aloud in class, and that the majority of teachers (80.6%) encourage pupils to read often in the classroom. The use of strategies before reading aloud is insufficient (29.6%), and literature audio recordings in teaching are used infrequently, especially by teachers with less experience, of whom one third never use them. The work suggests that in teacher interpretative reading special attention should be paid to affectivity. The paper hopes to encourage reading aloud in class by teachers, pupils and parents, as well as the use of literature audio recordings.Key words: interpretative reading; literature audio recordings; read-aloud in class; reading literacy; reading strategies.---Sažetak Ovaj rad u okviru poučavanja vještina i strategija čitanja ističe važnost čitanja naglas u razredu. Čitanje naglas razvija motivaciju i stvara zadovoljstvo pri čitanju te unapređuje glatkoću čitanja. Ciljevi su ovoga rada istražiti koliko se vremena i pozornosti posvećuje čitanju naglas u razrednoj nastavi, kako se usklađuje čitanje naglas s postupcima i strategijama usmjerenim na razumijevanje teksta, koliko su nastavnici upućeni u vještine interpretativnog čitanja te koriste li u nastavi snimke umjetničkih govornih interpretacija. Rezultati pokazuju da većina učitelja (91,3 %) često, tj. jedan do tri puta tjedno, čita naglas u razredu i kako većina učitelja (80,6 %) potiče učenike da često čitaju u razredu. Nedovoljno se koriste strategije prije čitanja naglas (29,6 %) i rjeđe se koriste zvučne snimke u nastavi, osobito kod učitelja s kraćim radnim stažom od kojih se trećina nikada ne koristi zvučnim snimkama. Rad upućuje na to da bi u učenju govorne interpretacije veću pozornost trebalo pridavati afektivnosti, da treba poticati čitanje naglas učitelja, učenika i roditelja u školi te se u nastavi koristiti umjetničkim audiosnimkama.Ključne riječi: audiosnimke književnih djela; čitalačka pismenost; čitanje naglas; interpretativno čitanje u razredu; strategije čitanja.
CONFUSIÓN MEREOLÓGICA Y PRAXIS PSIQUIÁTRICA: ASPECTOS DE LA INSUFICIENCIA TEÓRICA Y EMPÍRICA
Authors: Sánchez de las Matas Matín María Del Carmen
Published: October 2016

Desde la neurociencia teórica (Bickle, Mandik & Landreth, 2012) y crítica (Choudhury, Nagel & Slaby, 2009), se plantean a continuación determinados aspectos de la insuficiencia antropológica, ética, lógica y empírica del constructo conceptual de la “esquizofrenia”, atendiendo en este caso a su reducción exclusivamente biologicista sobre el supuesto unidireccional fisicalista (Sass, 2014). En las categorías diagnósticas occidentales subyacen asunciones culturales respecto de lo que sean la ‘conciencia’ y los ‘estados patológicos de la conciencia’ (Lewis-Williams, 2015) que, a su vez, enuncian juicios culturales respecto de la “normalidad” o “anormalidad” (Geertz, 2006; Fourasté, 1992; Harris, 2014a) de los ‘estados de conciencia’ y de las conductas de determinados individuos que nuestra tradición denomina, en la actualidad, “esquizofrénicos” (APA, 2013/2014). La confusión mereológica de las neurociencias (Bennett & Hacker, 2006; 2007) tiene su equivalente empírico en la investigación cerebro-reductiva y en su praxis biomédica asociada (Bentall, 2004; Sass, 2014). Sobre estas bases, la normativa internacional es ineficiente pare evitar situaciones como la ejemplificada por la prestigiosa psiquiatra Nancy C. Andreasen respecto de la pérdida de tejido cerebral por acción de los antipsicóticos (Dreyfus & Andreasen, 2008; Andreasen, 2013; Valverde, 2010; Sánchez Vallejo, 2013). La investigación empírica reductivista del cerebro “esquizofrénico” acumula proposiciones particulares subcontrarias, inducciones falaces e hipótesis ad hoc, incumpliendo en sí misma sus criterios cientificistas y sin haber respondido adecuadamente a la neuroepigenética (Ming, 2015).  En este sentido se entiende un progreso lógico de las neurociencias hacia las ciencias humanas, en el contexto de la ruptura paradigmática del postcognitivismo y de una exigente transdisciplinariedad (Decety & Christen, 2014; Clark & Chalmers, 1998; Noë, 2010; Northoff, 2014; Kirmayer & Ryder, 2016).
Aplicando los credos neoliberales: el impacto de los tratados de libre comercio en el gremio azucarero costarricense, 1994-2010.
Authors: Marchena Sanabria Jorge
Published: October 2016

Este trabajo analiza la estrecha relación entre tratados comerciales y el mercado azucarero costarricense a partir de mediados de la década de 1990 y hasta el año 2010. Se busca enfatizar en las sobre dimensionadas expectativas de éxito que se pretendía con la exportación del azúcar y sus derivados, para contrastarlos con sus magros resultados. Asimismo, se explora la coyuntura electoral de 2005-2006, en la cual se dio una peculiar promoción de los intereses azucareros.
Characteristics of self-identified sexual addicts in a behavioral addiction outpatient clinic
Authors: Wéry Aline , Vogelaere Kim , Challet-Bouju Gaëlle , Poudat François-Xavier , Caillon Julie , Lever Delphine , Billieux Joël , Grall-Bronnec Marie
Published: October 2016

Background and aims

Research on sexual addiction flourished during the last decade, promoted by the development of an increased number of online sexual activities. Despite the accumulation of studies, however, evidence collected in clinical samples of treatment-seeking people remains scarce. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics (socio-demographics, sexual habits, and comorbidities) of self-identified “sexual addicts.”

Methods

The sample was composed of 72 patients who consulted an outpatient treatment center regarding their sexual behaviors. Data were collected through a combination of structured interviewing and self-report measures.

Results

Most patients were males (94.4%) aged 20–76 years (mean 40.3 ± 10.9). Endorsement of sexual addiction diagnosis varied from 56.9% to 95.8% depending on the criteria used. The sexual behaviors reported to have the highest degree of functional impairment were having multiple sexual partners (56%), having unprotected sexual intercourse (51.9%), and using cybersex (43.6%). Ninety percent of patients endorsed a comorbid psychiatric diagnosis, and 60.6% presented at least one paraphilia.

Conclusions

Results showed highly different profiles in terms of sexual preferences and behaviors, as well as comorbidities involved. These findings highlight the need to develop tailored psychotherapeutic interventions by taking into account the complexity and heterogeneity of the disorder.
International perspectives in managing construction contracts
Authors: Manie Barry
Published: October 2016

Civil engineers may operate in a global market but it is far from harmonised or harmonious. International construction law expert Barry Manie reviews a recent themed issue of an Institution of Civil Engineers journal on international perspectives in construction contracts.
Book review
Authors: Walsh Ian
Published: October 2016

Sustainable Use of Traditional Geomaterials in Construction Practice
Book review
Authors: Cox Richard
Published: October 2016

ICOLD Bulletin 144: Cost Savings in Dams
Book review
Authors: Cox Richard
Published: October 2016

ICOLD Bulletin 152: Cost Savings in Specific Dams
Bamboo active school: structural design and material testing
Authors: Richard Michael J. , Kassabian Paul E. , Schulze-Ehring Holger S.
Published: October 2016

In October 2013, the Philippines experienced a large (magnitude 7·2) earthquake and typhoon in a span of three weeks. As part of the rebuilding process, Simpson Gumpertz & Heger Inc. (SGH), working with New York architecture firm actLAB, consulted on designs to reconstruct two schools in the towns of Maribojoc and Loon. Designers and builders have given increasing attention to bamboo for engineered structures and are now using the material in a range of applications. Bamboo has good structural properties and can provide a sustainable construction material. Bamboo is a locally sourced material in the Philippines and was used for the structural columns and roof trusses in the school design while brick bearing walls provided the lateral force resisting system. SGH consulted on the overall structural design for the schools and focused on bamboo behaviour and details using its in-house materials laboratory. SGH also conducted a series of tests to investigate the strength of the bamboo connections in the roof truss. actLAB then used SGH's recommendations to work with a local structural engineer and bamboo craftsman to finalise construction of the schools. The project brought together craftsmen, designers and engineers with local construction methods to re-engineer new classrooms and maximise structural resiliency.
CONCENTRAÇÃO DE EFLUENTE AGROINDUSTRIAL PARA A PRODUÇÃO DE MASSA CELULAR BACTERIANA
Authors: Ponsano Elisa Helena Giglio , Lima Leandro Kanamaru Franco de , Grassi Thiago Luis Magnani
Published: October 2016

Grandes volumes de ·gua s„o utilizados para o processamento do pescado, originando significativa quantidade de resÌduos lÌquidos (efluentes) com variada concentraÁ„o de matÈria org‚nica, e que podem ser utilizados para o cultivo de bactÈrias fototrÛficas como R. gelatinosus. Essas bactÈrias convertem a matÈria org‚nica em biomassa que pode ser utilizada em raÁıes animais como aditivo pigmentante. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da concentraÁ„o do efluente de ind˙stria de pescado para a produÁ„o de massa celular de R. gelatinosus. A concentraÁ„o foi realizada por microfiltraÁ„o, originando quatro tratamentos (T1 = efluente in natura; T2 = efluente concentrado em 25%; T3 = efluente concentrado em 50% e T4 = efluente concentrado em 75%) que foram repetidos por trÍs vezes. Os substratos foram analisados quanto a composiÁ„o quÌmica e Demanda QuÌmica de OxigÍnio (DQO), tratados termicamente a 65 ∞C por 30 minutos, resfriados para 25 ∞C, acondicionados em reatores de vidro com capacidade de 50 L e adicionados do inÛculo da bactÈria (1% v v-1). O cultivo foi realizado durante cinco dias em anaerobiose, a 32 ± 2 ∞C e 1.500 ± 200 lux. A massa celular foi recuperada por microfiltraÁ„o, liofilizada e analisada quanto ‡ composiÁ„o proximal. Rendimento e produtividade foram calculados para avaliar a eficiÍncia do processo de obtenÁ„o da biomassa. Os resultados indicaram maior recuperaÁ„o (28,61 ± 0,71 g), rendimento (0,5722 g L-1) e produtividade (0,1144 g L-1 dia-1) no cultivo com a maior quantidade de matÈria org‚nica (T4). A maior reduÁ„o de DQO foi de 69,23%, encontrada no T1, porÈm sem diferir da reduÁ„o encontrada no T4. A composiÁ„o proximal da massa celular variou entre os tratamentos nos teores de lipÌdeos e proteÌnas, que foram maiores no T4. Portanto, a concentraÁ„o do efluente em 75% mostrou-se a mais apropriada para a produÁ„o de massa celular de R. gelatinosus
TECNOLOGIA EM REDE NA GESTÃO DA ÁGUA
Authors: Ponçano Vera Maria Lopes , Araujo Natália Aparecida Braconaro de
Published: October 2016

Este trabalho apresenta e analisa diversos aspectos relativos ‡ operaÁ„o e desempenho de sistema em redes com Ínfase em serviÁos tecnolÛgicos, utilizando a experiÍncia vivenciada na Rede de Saneamento e Abastecimento de ¡gua (RESAG), do Sistema Brasileiro de Tecnologia (Sibratec). A Resag È parte do Sibratec ñ MCTI e se constitui na uni„o sinÈrgica de laboratÛrios brasileiros com capacitaÁ„o no desenvolvimento e oferta de serviÁos tecnolÛgicos ‡s empresas, em especial ‡s micro, pequena e mÈdia empresas. Suas atividades s„o realizadas, nesta primeira fase, por um conjunto de 37 laboratÛrios de 19 organizaÁıes distribuÌdas em 10 Estados do Brasil, com 307 membros sob a coordenaÁ„o da Rede MetrolÛgica de S„o Paulo - Remesp, gerando resultados importantes nessa ·rea ao PaÌs. S„o apresentadas as diretrizes de formaÁ„o da Resag, critÈrios, estruturaÁ„o e funcionamento que propiciaram o alcance das metas, conforme resultados apresentados, obtidos nos primeiros quatro anos de sua existÍncia, conforme apresentado. A percepÁ„o do potencial do modelo em rede para o alcance dos benefÌcios gerados em uma atuaÁ„o em rede foi o motivador inicial da elaboraÁ„o deste trabalho. A Teoria dos Atores em Rede ñ Actor-Network Theory apresenta, em conjunto com outros autores, aspectos relevantes na gest„o de redes, em sua estruturaÁ„o e funcionamento. Os benefÌcios de atuaÁ„o em rede s„o visÌveis, porÈm deve-se atentar aos fatores de influÍncia internos e externos para o sucesso no alcance das metas. Temas transversais como o da rede de saneamento e abastecimento de ·gua demandam uma vis„o de conjunto e uma aÁ„o articulada entre v·rios atores e a melhor integraÁ„o entre eles e, nesse contexto, È estratÈgico que existam laboratÛrios atuantes em patamares de qualidade adequados em todo o territÛrio nacional.
IMPLANTAÇÃO DE METODOLOGIA APLICADA AO MONITORAMENTO DE METAIS EM OSTRAS, COMO SENTINELA DA CONTAMINAÇÃO DE ZN E CD DA BAÍA DE SEPETIBA/RJ
Authors: Fernandes Natasha Leite , Correa Savério Martins , Da Rocha Genilda Pressato , Lavatori Marcos Paulo Alves , Teixeira Joao Ricardo Fonseca
Published: October 2016

O presente trabalho trata da implantaÁ„o de uma metodologia analÌtica para o monitoramento da toxicidade provocada pelos metais c·dmio e zinco na baÌa de Sepetiba mediante utilizaÁ„o ostras Cassostrea rhizophorae como bioindicadores. O processo de preparo das ostras utilizado nesta metodologia consiste em duas etapas: liofilizaÁ„o e digest„o dos moluscos. Com a necessidade de se garantir a confiabilidade metrolÛgica dos resultados, realizou-se a validaÁ„o de acordo pelo documento orientativo DOC-CGCRE-08 revis„o 04 do INMETRO. Foi realizado tambÈm o c·lculo de estimativa de incerteza da mediÁ„o, procedimento que visa agregar, juntamente ‡ validaÁ„o, maior qualidade aos procedimentos de quantificaÁ„o dos metais. A comprovaÁ„o de que a metodologia desenvolvida alcanÁou o objetivo proposto, foi o reconhecimento junto ao Inmetro atravÈs da sua acreditaÁ„o em 2014.