bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le rite et ses traces. Perspectives méthodologiques
Authors: Donnat Sylvie , Husser Jean-Marie
Published: August 2020

Établir la matérialité des gestes, qu’ils soient quotidiens, professionnels ou symboliques, est l’une des difficultés majeures de la recherche historique. La reconstitution, aussi précise que possible, et l’interprétation des gestes rituels dans les sociétés anciennes posent des questions méthodologiques et herméneutiques complexes. La difficulté à restituer la matérialité des gestes rituels à travers une documentation textuelle et archéologique fragmentée, d’interprétation souvent difficile, est illustrée par une série d’études de cas à travers la Grèce ancienne, l’Égypte, le Proche-Orient et l’Océanie contemporaine – contribution bienvenue de l’ethnologie à ces échanges interdisciplinaires.
A Glocalização da educação na Região do Araguaia – pela janela de Casaldáliga
Authors: Jorge de Sousa Maria de Lourdes , Ferreira Machado Ilma , França Silva Alves Edineth Sousa , Di Renzo Ana Maria
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo aborda aspectos da educação na região do Araguaia, nas décadas de 80 e 90 do século XX, referenciadas em documentos e nas dissertações de mestrado e artigos das autoras. O intuito é tecer uma compreensão e levar a refletir como, discursivamente, Casaldáliga (2004) define uma perspectiva libertadora para a educação que foi institucionalizada por meio da Prelazia de São Félix do Araguaia-MT nesse período. Para tanto buscou-se conhecer os princípios da “educação libertadora”, proposta pelo educador Paulo Freire e pelo Filósofo Theodor Adorno e articulá-los à noção de “glocalização” apresentada por Casaldáliga (op. cit). As reflexões partem de um diálogo com a Teoria Crítica e a perspectiva crítico-dialética, bem como a apropriação de contribuições teórico-metodológicas da Análise de Discurso franco-brasileira, desenvolvida por Michel Pêcheux na França e por Eni Orlandi no Brasil, com o intuito de compreender os efeitos de sentido de mundialidade, globalização e intersetorialidade nos modos de produção da educação no Araguaia.
Hyperelastic Bone Involving the Washer Method
Authors:   University of South Florida, Jones Kristin
Published: August 2020

The research conducted focuses on 3D printing and its application in medical equipment. A recent breakthrough in modern material science was made with the creation of hyperelastic bone. This exploration looks at how hyperelastic bone is created, the cost comparison to older tools, and the possible design for hyperelastic bone. Detailed calculations and descriptions are also included to explain the reasoning behind the work conducted.
Locating the Center of Mass of Various Simplified Car Designs for the Problem of Flipping Over an Incline
Authors:   University of South Florida, Musgrove Sullivan
Published: August 2020

The center of mass of a given system is referred to as a position that is the average of all of its components. I am given two cases in which I need to find the center of mass for the problem of flipping over an incline. To solve the problem given, I utilize many equations that are derived to find the center of mass of both cases and then test each system when it is encountered with three different inclines increasing by fifteen degrees increments. The tests prove that the probability that a system will flip on an incline is due to many factors, the main of them being the height of the system, the area of support, as well as the weight of the system. This method of solving is not the most time-efficient one to find the center of mass and flipping probability; however, it does work and gives a viable solution.
Paleobotanical proxies for early Eocene climates and ecosystems in northern North America from middle to high latitudes
Authors: West Christopher K. , Greenwood David R. , Reichgelt Tammo , Lowe Alexander J. , Vachon Janelle M. , Basinger James F.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Early Eocene climates were globally warm, with ice-free conditions
at both poles. Early Eocene polar landmasses supported extensive forest
ecosystems of a primarily temperate biota but also with abundant
thermophilic elements, such as crocodilians, and mesothermic taxodioid
conifers and angiosperms. The globally warm early Eocene was punctuated by
geologically brief hyperthermals such as the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal
Maximum (PETM), culminating in the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO),
during which the range of thermophilic plants such as palms extended into
the Arctic. Climate models have struggled to reproduce early Eocene Arctic
warm winters and high precipitation, with models invoking a variety of
mechanisms, from atmospheric CO2 levels that are unsupported by proxy
evidence to the role of an enhanced hydrological cycle, to reproduce winters
that experienced no direct solar energy input yet remained wet and above
freezing. Here, we provide new estimates of climate and compile existing
paleobotanical proxy data for upland and lowland midlatitude sites in
British Columbia, Canada, and northern Washington, USA, and from
high-latitude lowland sites in Alaska and the Canadian Arctic to compare
climatic regimes between the middle and high latitudes of the early
Eocene – spanning the PETM to the EECO – in the northern half of North
America. In addition, these data are used to reevaluate the latitudinal
temperature gradient in North America during the early Eocene and to provide
refined biome interpretations of these ancient forests based on climate and
physiognomic data.
Sensitivity analysis of the PALM model system 6.0 in the urban environment
Authors: Belda Michal , Resler Jaroslav , Geletič Jan , Krč Pavel , Maronga Björn , Sühring Matthias , Kurppa Mona , Kanani-Sühring Farah , Fuka Vladimír , Eben Kryštof , Benešová Nina , Auvinen Mikko
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Sensitivity of the PALM model 6.0 is tested in a real urban environment in the vicinity of a typical crossroad in a densely built-up residential area in Prague, Czech Republic. Two types of scenarios are employed. First are the synthetic scenarios altering mainly surface and material parameters such as albedo, emissivity or wall conductivity, testing sensitivity of the model simulations to potentially erroneous setting of model inputs. Second, real-life type scenarios are analyzed, in which commonly considered urban heat island mitigation measures are applied, such as greening of the streets or changing surface materials. For the first-type scenarios, surface parameters used in radiation balance equations are found to be the most sensitive overall followed by volumetric heat capacity and thermal conductivity of walls. Other parameters show limited average effect, however, some can still be significant in some parts of the day, such as surface roughness in the morning hours. Second type, the mitigation scenarios, show urban vegetation to be the most effective measure, especially when considering both physical and biophysical temperature indicators. Influence of both type scenarios was also tested for air quality, specifically PM10 dispersion which generally shows behaviour opposite to thermal indicators, ie., improved thermal comfort brings deterioration of PM10 concentrations.
Compromiso de las universidades colombianas con la sustentabilidad
Authors: Plata Rangel Ángela María , Holguín Aguirre María Teresa , Sáenz Zapata Orlando , Mora Penagos William Manuel , Callejas Restrepo María Mercedes
Published: August 2020

Este artículo presenta el nivel de institucionalización del compromiso con la sustentabilidad de las universidades colombianas. El estudio aborda cinco ámbitos institucionales: gobierno y participación; docencia y formación ambiental; investigación ambiental; extensión o proyección social ambiental; y gestión y ordenamiento ambiental. Se realizó mediante la aplicación de una encuesta a 60 instituciones de educación superior de Colombia. Para el análisis se utilizaron los indicadores de la estadística descriptiva, cuyos resultados muestran que las universidades colombianas han avanzado en el compromiso con la sustentabilidad, pero aún se encuentran en un nivel bajo de la escala utilizada en la investigación. Solo el ámbito de docencia y formación ambiental se encuentra en un rango medio.
Enseñanzas y aprendizajes sobre la Cátedra de la paz en Colombia
Authors: Vásquez Russi Catalina María
Published: August 2020

La Cátedra de la Paz es un espacio académico obligatorio para todas las instituciones educativas de Colombia, que tiene como objetivo generar competencias ciudadanas para una convivencia democrática, respetuosa de los Derechos Humanos y en paz. Este artículo analiza la producción bibliográfica sobre la Cátedra de la Paz a partir de tres categorías: cómo se define la paz, qué rol se les asigna a las instituciones educativas en la formación de ciudadanías de paz y cuáles son los enfoques y metodologías de enseñanza para la aplicación de los principios y contenidos de la Cátedra. Se concluye que la bibliografía sobre la Cátedra de la Paz debe profundizar en el estudio de imaginarios, posibilidades y características de los estudiantes, para crear rutas de acción más certeras sobre la formación de ciudadanos para la paz. Por otro lado, se encontró un consenso sobre el rol de los colegios como responsables principales de la formación ciudadana, teniendo como punto de partida la participación de los estudiantes.
Diarios de clase: estrategia para desarrollar el pensamiento reflexivo de profesores
Authors: Aranda Vega Eva María , Martín Cuadrado Ana María , Corral Carrillo María José
Published: August 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la práctica reflexiva como elemento facilitador del conocimiento práctico. Para ello, se realizó un análisis cualitativo de 52 diarios de clase, realizados por estudiantes del Máster de Formación del Profesorado de Enseñanza Secundaria, de la Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), España, durante el curso académico 2016-2017. El análisis muestra que los diarios de clase son un instrumento eficaz para desarrollar el pensamiento reflexivo de los profesores, facilitan el aprendizaje experiencial y permiten el desarrollo de competencias profesionales necesarias para el ejercicio docente.
Juegos de negociación: estrategia para formación de competencias ciudadanas en universitarios
Authors: Núñez Rueda Silvia Nathalia , Zambrano Mantilla Angélica María , Palacio García Luis Alejandro , Maldonado Serrano Jorge Francisco
Published: August 2020

Las competencias ciudadanas son todas las habilidades necesarias para ejercer, defender y difundir los derechos, participar en la política y comprender de forma crítica la sociedad, sus instituciones y normas. Con el propósito de formar integralmente en estas competencias surge el Taller juegos de negociación, en el que se propone una serie de retos que sitúan al estudiante como actor responsable de su aprendizaje al analizar y resolver problemas sociales. A partir de una evaluación cualitativa, el equipo de investigación busca responder la pregunta sobre la efectividad Taller juegos de negociación para la formación en competencias ciudadanas en un grupo de universitarios. El estudio muestra una incidencia positiva del Taller juegos de negociación en la formación de competencias como el multiperspectivismo y el pensamiento sistémico.
Characterization and Shelf Life of Semi-preserve Black Caiman (Melanosuchus niger) Meat
Authors: Kluczkovski Ariane M. , Ale Vanessa , Pinto Samir , Silva Allyne , Kluczkovski-Junior Augusto
Published: August 2020

Some conservation methods can add value to the product involved, especially those that involve meat derivatives. To take advantage of the raw materials available in the Amazon region, a semi-preserve using the meat of black caiman (Melanosuchus niger) was elaborated and evaluated for 90 days. The product was prepared using a curing brine of 4% acetic acid and 5% sodium chloride (NaCl), tail meat and back strap (sirloin), and was maintained at a controlled temperature of 5 °C for 30 d., with subsequent addition of flavoring brine (olive oil or Brazil nut oil), seasoning and soy lecithin for emulsification. The product was pasteurized at 70 °C/20 min and stored at 25 °C/90 d. The proximate composition, pH, acidity index, total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN), were determined. In the microbiological analysis for Salmonella sp., total coliforms and E. coli were within the standards required by current Brazilian legislation. The results of the physical-chemical analyses showed that the product had remained stable during the 90 d. of storage at room temperature (25 °C), and the pH values confirm that the immersion in acetic acid and sodium chloride in the proposed concentrations were enough to promote the reduction of pH and thus maintain the stability of the product.
“Participar não é só fazer activismo”: olhares de crianças e adolescentes moçambicanos
Authors: Colonna Elena
Published: August 2020

A participação de crianças e adolescentes tem sido geralmente entendida como um envolvimento em processos de tomada de decisão e de acção em contextos públicos. A partir de uma pesquisa visual e participativa em três contextos de Moçambique, o presente artigo apresenta as oportunidades e as barreiras para a participação que crianças e adolescentes encontram nos seus contextos de vida quotidiana, a nível individual, nas relações de pares e na família. Os resultados indicam que, apesar dos desafios enfrentados, a expressão individual, as amizades e o contexto familiar representam espaços significativos para exercer a sua agência e participar no sentido de “tomar parte em” e sentir-se incluídos.
Literatura infantil com personagens negras: narrativas descolonizadoras para novas construções identitárias e de mundo
Authors: Pereira Simone Dos Santos , Nascimento Iracema Santos do
Published: August 2020

Este artigo parte de reflexões sobre a fabricação de uma história única, que elege e valoriza determinada cosmovisão em detrimento das outras que compõem a formação histórico-cultural de um povo ou nação, legitimando e transmitindo apenas uma herança cultural. No Brasil, esse discurso tem apresentado o povo negro como escravo, submisso, inferior... Na escola, uma das importantes vias de transmissão de tal narrativa são as histórias nos livros de literatura, que sugerem padrões do que é verdadeiro, bom e bonito, a partir da supremacia branca e heteronormativa. Este artigo analisa e problematiza, de modo interdisciplinar, dois textos da literatura infantil contemporânea que provocam a desnaturalização das narrativas e das relações colonizadoras e dualistas: entre o bem e o mal, o certo e o errado, o belo e o grotesco, o incluído e o excluído. Eles mobilizam discursos de africanidades e negritudes para o empoderamento da criança negra. Conforme observado em pesquisa de campo em escola municipal de educação infantil da cidade de São Paulo, sua leitura por educadoras para crianças pequenas possibilita releituras e reescritas de corpos negros, a partir da interseccionalidade de gênero e de etnicidade, permitindo às (aos) leitoras uma ampliação de visões de si e de mundo
A escrita do gênero textual poema no ensino fundamental I
Authors: Santos Flávio Renato , Osti Andréia , Cunha Neide De Brito
Published: August 2020

Este artigo, de natureza qualitativa, discute a escrita do gênero textual poema no Ensino Fundamental, buscando avaliar seus componentes internos (conteúdo temático, estilo de linguagem e estrutura composicional), relacionando-os à sequência didática elaborada e executada por uma docente. O estudo inicia-se com um breve resgate da história do ensino da escrita, do início das práticas de letramento e do ensino dos gêneros textuais nas escolas brasileiras. Além disso, recuperam-se trabalhos sobre a importância das sequências didáticas para o ensino dos gêneros. Por fim, observa-se a atividade de escrita do gênero textual poema por alunos de um quinto ano de escola pública, cujos textos são descritos e analisados. Os resultados obtidos apontam, positivamente, para a adequação ao tema e à estrutura composicional requeridos, porém, indicam fragilidades, sobretudo, no estilo de linguagem adotado. A análise dos resultados sugere relação direta entre as atividades da Sequência Didática e os componentes desenvolvidos nos poemas.
MIGRACIÓN, DERECHO CONSULAR Y JUSTÍCIA GLOBAL
Authors: Bolaños Bernardo
Published: August 2020

El aumento en el número de migrantes internacionales suele ser considerado como un indicador de un mejoramiento material global, pero la tendencia de las recientes reformas al derecho consular muestra más bien la existencia de una amenaza al Estado de derecho y a la justicia global. Las condiciones a las que se somete la migración y la movilidad transnacional en general conducen a una creciente estratificación social y jurídica. Cruzar las fronteras territoriales, incluso de manera temporal y con propósitos científicos y culturales, se ha convertido en un privilegio de los ciudadanos de países ricos. En los hechos, el derecho consular y su aplicación toleran con frecuencia la discriminación étnica, religiosa, cultural y socio-económica. Que todo tipo de solicitantes de escasos recursos sean relegados en las oficinas consulares supone un mecanismo de reproducción de la desigualdad global.
Assessment of the financial situation of Polish gminas using the k-means method
Authors: Dawidowicz Dawid
Published: August 2020

Dynamic changes in the economy and law amendments affecting the activity of local government units create the need for an ongoing assessment of their financial situation. The aim of the study presented in this article is to assess the financial situation of gminas (communes, municipalities). This situation was determined by means of four variables: total income per capita, the value of total liabilities per capita, the value of investment expenditures per capita and operating result per capita. The analysis was based on data obtained from the Local Data Bank of Statistics Poland (GUS) and the Ministry of Finance, covering the years 2016–2018. The k-means clustering algorithm was applied as a research method. The study demonstrates that while in the years 2016 and 2017 the financial situation of gminas was stable, the debt of most of the surveyed units increased within the analysed period. The most significant differences between gminas became visible in 2018. The proportion of gminas with the worst financial situation increased from approx. 3.3% in 2016 to 7.9% in 2018, which, jointly with the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, result in these gminas' potential great financial problems in the future.
EXPOSING WYSPIAŃSKI
Authors: Haduch Bartosz
Published: August 2020

The purpose of the paper is to show the
designer’s perspective on the story and a broader context
of the creation of a monograph exhibition dedicated to the
oeuvre of Stanisław Wyspiański at the National Museum
in Cracow. Composed of two parts: ‘Wyspiański’ and
‘Wyspiański. Unknown’, the Exhibition held between 28
November 2017 and 5 May 2019 was the largest to-date
presentation of the works of the versatile artist, while
from the point of view of its arrangement, it served as
an attempt at finding adequate contemporary expression
means to show the multiple and varied character of
his oeuvre. A wide range of inspirations are presented:
beginning with carefully selected motifs derived from
Wyspiański’s art, up to indirect echoing of the activity
of some selected artists, mainly affiliated with minimal
art. That temporary implementation is thus not analyzed
merely in the local context, but also a broader, global one,
taking into account carefully selected pieces of world art
and architecture, while the paper itself can be regarded as
a completion and perpetuation of the no longer existing
Exhibition.
Krisepolitikk og epidemier i Midtøsten
Authors: Wigen Einar
Published: August 2020

I likhet med resten av verden er Midtøsten rammet av koronaepidemien. Men den politiske betydningen og epidemitiltakene har variert mellom landene i regionen. Da Iran ble hardt rammet tidlig i det globale forløpet, overtok Revolusjonsgarden epidemibekjempelsen. Senere har også Saudi-Arabia, Qatar og Egypt blitt hardt rammet. Tyrkia og Israel har til en viss grad lyktes i å begrense epidemien ved hjelp av sosial distansering, portforbud og utvidede reiseforbud, mens Libya, Syria, Irak og Jemen har langt større kriser å forholde seg til.
Questioning COVID-19 Pre-packaged Solidarity Initiatives in the Dutch Urban Spaces
Authors: Sniečkutė Marija , Fiore Elisa
Published: August 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown has drastically transformed the urban topography and rhythms of the Dutch cities, both in the streets and when “seen from the window” (Lefebvre 1992/2004, 27). Windows and balconies, the liminal spaces where the private and public meet and depart, have become sites not only to “gaze from” but also to “gaze at”. Teddy bears, children’s drawings and letters, white T-shirts with red hearts hanging on/from the windows, as well as flags fluttering from balconies, all contributed to transforming this retracted border of cityness into a political space of communication. Similarly, the windows of commercial spaces have turned into message boards of unity and solidarity, with posters at once inviting customers to support local businesses and boosting feelings of locality...
Pharmaceutical pricing policy in Saudi Arabia: findings and implications
Authors: Alrasheedy Alian A
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Many countries have introduced policies and strategies to limit pharmaceutical expenditures. These include pharmaceutical pricing policies and related strategies to control medicine prices and to ensure appropriate and stable prices. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the current pharmaceutical pricing policy for medicines in Saudi Arabia and to provide an evaluation of the impact of this policy on medicine prices. Methods: A description of the current pharmaceutical policy is presented by reviewing the current official documents and regulations related to pharmaceutical pricing in Saudi Arabia. A price comparison between the original brand medicines and their generic versions was conducted for the top six selling medicines in Saudi Arabia during the period of 2010–2015. Results: The findings showed that Saudi pharmaceutical pricing policy takes into consideration several factors including an international price benchmark, internal price referencing, and the price of the medicine in the country of origin when determining medicine prices. Based on this policy, there were large differences in the prices of generic medicines compared to original brand medicines. The generic medicine to original brand medicine price ratio was 0.87–0.30. However, the price of the first generic medicine was close to the price of original brand medicine, with the first generic medicine-to-original brand medicine price ratio was 0.87–0.81. In this study, there were large differences in the prices of generic medicines for the same molecule. In fact, price ratio among the generic medicines for the same molecule was between 0.96 and 0.18. However, some generic medicines imported from high income countries were cheaper than the medicines manufactured locally or manufactured in other countries in the Middle East. Conclusion: Medicine prices are strictly controlled through the pharmaceutical pricing policy in Saudi Arabia. Overall, the current policy has resulted in significant price differences among medicines, including medicines of the same molecule. Due to this large difference, the cost savings will depend on the product prescribed or procured by the health organization.
An evolving role for non-governmental organizations dealing with registration backlogs and rising costs: the example of cancer biosimilars in South Africa
Authors: Malherbe Paul
Published: August 2020

Around the world, especially in low- and middle-income countries, national regulatory authorities are struggling with registration backlogs and the affordability of medicines. This paper draws on the example of cancer biosimilars in South Africa to illustrate how non-governmental organizations can help regulatory authorities decide which registration applications to prioritize by providing information on clinical need, cost-benefit analysis and insight into the potential for cost reduction through biosimilar competition.
RELIGIÃO, VIOLÊNCIA E POLÍTICA NO BRASIL
Authors: Barsalini Glauco
Published: August 2020

A

Apesar dos avanços que se pode perceber na Nova República brasileira, no que concerne aos direitos humanos, em que se incluem os direitos das minorias, bem como os direitos difusos, observa-se, no contexto da própria democracia, a escalada dos discursos e das propostas políticas de cunho ultraconservador, notoriamente também lastreadas em movimentos religiosos de caráter moralista. Seria este um fenômeno atípico, anacrônico e desconectado das estruturas de poder do Brasil? Ou ele é apenas uma das faces, talvez a mais reveladora, da forma como se constitui a política e a economia neste país, e que ganha, nos últimos tempos, enorme visibilidade, galgando o podium da política institucional nacional ao ter, como seu porta-voz, o próprio presidente da República? O caráter quase nada dialógico dessa forma de fazer política, arvorada na intolerância e no sectarismo, indica uma anomalia na tradição política brasileira ou demonstra, sem qualquer prurido, o caráter autoritário e violento de nosso Estado e de nossas elites políticas, sociais e econômicas? No vértice da teologia política, este artigo pretende investigar as relações entre a religião, a violência e a política no Brasil, entendendo que estamos, ainda, muito distantes de um estado, de fato, democrático.
TEXTOS QUE ABREM PORTAS
Authors: Toledo Joilson de Souza
Published: August 2020

A Leitura Popular da Bíblia foi/é uma das grandes contribuições da interpretação que a Igreja no Brasil fez das intuições do Concílio Vaticano II. Nesta trajetória, Carlos Mesters e o Centro Ecumênico de Estudos Bíblicos (CEBI) são grandes expoentes. A preocupação com um método de leitura da bíblia que contribuísse (e tivesse significado) para a vida das pessoas foi um dos objetivos centrais. O uso de leituras bíblicas como síntese metodológica e a compreensão do êxodo como evento fundante também marcam este estilo hermenêutico. O presente artigo visa fazer uma recapitulação desse processo a partir de uma literatura próxima do CEBI, bem como sinalizar possibilidades hermenêuticas para uma leitura bíblica a partir dos jovens.
“QUANDO ALGUÉM LÊ ISAIAH BERLIN, SENTE-SE EM BOAS MÃOS”
Authors: Goudinho Jonathan , Coppe Caldeira Rodrigo
Published: August 2020

O filósofo político e historiador das ideias Isaiah Berlin (1909-1997) é considerado um dos principais intelectuais do século XX. Russo-judeu naturalizado britânico, Berlin ofereceu importantes contribuições nos debates sobre liberdade e pluralismo de valor. Como não era um escritor sistemático, seu trabalho se tornou amplamente conhecido a partir do trabalho do também filósofo britânico Henry Hardy (1949), que desde a década de 1970 é o principal editor das obras de Isaiah Berlin. Nesta entrevista, publicada originalmente no portal Estado da Arte, do jornal O Estado de S. Paulo, no dia 17 de fevereiro de 2019, Hardy comenta e interpreta importantes temas abordados por Berlin e que permanecem em destaque no debate contemporâneo.
CIÊNCIA DA RELIGIÃO APLICADA
Authors: Bastos Flávio
Published: August 2020

O livro “Ciência da Religião Aplicada: ensaios pela autonomia e aplicação profissional” (2018), organizado pelos cientistas e autores em Ciência da Religião Fábio Stern e Matheus Oliva da Costa, configura-se como um marcador para os programas de Ciência das Religiões no Brasil, bem como para a afirmação e o estabelecimento de uma disciplina capaz de abrir horizontes de atuação profissional dentro do corpus acadêmico: a “ciência da religião aplicada". O livro supracitado é fruto do Seminário de Ciência da Religião Aplicada (SEMCREA), realizado na Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP) desde 2017, e tem como proposta semear ideias e discussões norteadas pela valorização dessa ciência na sociedade.
O DOGMA TRINITÁRIO E A TEOLOGIA POLÍTICA
Authors: Pfister Mariana
Published: August 2020

Em O Reino e a Glória, o pensador italiano Giorgio Agamben procura demonstrar que o poder, forjado pela teologia cristã, apresenta-se por dois grandes paradigmas: teológico político e teológico econômico.  A teologia política aponta não só para a origem estrutural que alicerça o Estado Moderno firmado sob conceitos teológicos, como também enfatiza a primazia do paradigma teológico econômico sobre o teológico político.  É a partir dessa dupla estrutura advinda da teologia cristã que se consolida a máquina governamental na qual todo poder tipicamente soberano articula-se segundo essas duas polaridades, Reino e Governo, o poder de julgar e o exercício do julgamento, trindade imanente e trindade econômica. Ao buscar incansavelmente renovar essa clássica separação entre as “duas trindades”, Deus e sua práxis, Jürgen Moltmann parece observar, tal como Agamben, problemas na constituição da dogmática trinitária. Nosso objetivo é apresentar alguns pontos desse diálogo acerca da doutrina trinitária, cujo pano de fundo revela a crítica dos dois pensadores ao atual modo de governo, o teológico político.
Marxism And Its ‘Other’: Why Do We Need Althusser To Understand Foucault?
Authors: Rodin Lika
Published: August 2020

With the current renewal of interest in the Marxist theoretical tradition, revisiting its classical and neoclassical texts is crucial for understanding Marxism’s explanatory potential in the context of contemporary socio-political relationships. This paper makes productive efforts to review existing theoretical perspectives on non-coercive mechanisms of engaging the masses with particular value systems. I discuss Althusser’s theory of ideology: its content, central critique, and developments in relation to other compatible theories, the most salient of which is the idea of governmentality proposed by Foucault. Foucault’s approach is especially interesting due to its consistent attempts to separate itself from the critical tradition. As I demonstrate, however, several parallels can be drawn between the theory of ideology and the notion of governmentality, including the focus on reproduction, attempts to address the issue of contingency, interest in both the symbolic and the material, the emphasis on the mechanism of subjection and recognition of individualization of power relationships. I conclude that critical reflections over Althusser’s epistemological findings and the legacy of his ideas may facilitate our understanding of prospective developments in the Marxist tradition and its alternatives.
Effect of Resveratrol on Thioacetamide-induced Liver Damage in Rat Models
Authors: Hosseini Sahar , Ebrahimi Alireza , Bagheri Fereshteh , Emami Yasaman , Esmaeilzadeh Elmira , Azarpira Negar , Ebrahimi Sedigheh , Ashkani-Esfahani Soheil
Published: August 2020

Background: The current treatments of liver diseases are not sufficiently effective, and there has been no therapy that can successfully prevent liver failure and its complications. Previous studies have suggested that resveratrol could inhibit the progression of hepatic diseases based on its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory potentials. Objectives: The present study evaluated the hepato-protective effects of resveratrol in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced acute liver damage in rats using neurobehavioral and biochemical parameters. Methods: Forty-eight healthy adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups: C1: healthy control group, C2: non-treated liver failure, E1: liver failure treated with resveratrol 5 mg/kg/day, and E2: liver failure treated with resveratrol 10 mg/kg/day. Aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT), alkaline phosphatase (Alk), total bilirubin (TB), and plasma-ammonia (NH4) were analyzed, and histopathological evaluations of the specimens were carried out after sacrificing the models. Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) grading, open-field, elevated plus arms, and forced-swimming tests were performed in the study. Results: The resveratrol-treated groups had lower serum concentrations of NH4, ALT, and AST than the C2 group (P < 0.05). The pathological evaluations demonstrated that resveratrol-treated groups had better outcomes in inflammatory cell infiltration, apoptosis, vacuolization, liver tissue necrosis, and liver damage stage than the C2 group (P < 0.05). They also showed lower grades of HE, higher locomotor activity (open-field test), and diminished levels of depression (forced-swimming) when compared to the C2 group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Resveratrol supplementation can improve liver damage as AST, ALT, NH4, and tissue damages were decreased after administering the agent in TAA-induced liver damage. Resveratrol can also improve the neurobehavioral manifestations in animal models of liver failure.
Effectiveness of Exposure/Response Prevention plus Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing in Reducing Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms Associated with Stressful Life Experiences: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sarichloo Mohammad Ebrahim , Taremian Farhad , Dolatshahee Behrouz , Haji Seyed Javadi Seyed Alireza
Published: August 2020

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is known as a non-psychotic mental disorder resistant to treatment. It has been found that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) can increase the effectiveness of its standard treatments. Objectives: The current study aimed at evaluating the impact of exposure/response prevention (ERP) combined with EMDR as a treatment method on patients with OCD who had experienced stressful life events by comparison to ERP alone. Methods: The present randomized controlled trial was conducted among 60 OCD patients who experienced stressful life events and were resistant to medication treatment. The participants were randomly assigned to the ERP plus EMDR (n = 30) and ERP (n = 30) groups. The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive scale (Y-BOCS) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were completed before and after the intervention, as well as, after a follow-up period of three months. The scores were compared using the chi‐squared test, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: ANOVA results demonstrated that both treatment protocols had a significant effect on the reduction of anxiety and severity of OCD symptoms, while the results of ANCOVA showed a significantly higher effect of ERP plus EMDR compared to the ERP protocol (P = 0.001), and sample attrition was significantly higher in the ERP group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The ERP plus EMDR protocol compared to the ERP protocol showed a higher rate of completion and efficacy in OCD treatment.
Evaluating the Effect of Planned Online Video Visitations on Anxiety and Depression of Patients at Open Heart Intensive Care Unit: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Shahdosti Hossein , Mazlom Seyed Reza , Vaghee Saeed , Amini Shahram
Published: August 2020

Background: Anxiety and depression are among the most important and common problems in patients admitted to the intensive care unit open-heart (ICU-OH). While the family plays a vital supportive role in decreasing these complications, patients are deprived of this supportive source during the important post-operative days due to visiting restrictions at these wards. Objectives: Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the role of online video visitations on the anxiety and depression of patients at ICU-OH. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was carried out among 66 patients at ICU-OH of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran. The subjects were selected by the convenience sampling method and were randomly allocated to the intervention and control groups. Data were collected using a demographic characteristics checklist and HADS. In the intervention group, online video visitations with the family were carried out three times in the morning, evening and night on the second and third days of hospitalization in ICU-OH. In the control group, patients received the routine care of the ward and had no visitations with their families. Data were collected before the surgery, as well as 24 and 48 hours after admission to the ICU-OH. In addition, data analysis was performed in SPSS using independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, paired t-test, and Chi-square test. Results: No significant difference was observed between the intervention (7.8 ± 2.2) and control (8.3 ± 2.3) groups regarding the mean anxiety score 24 hours after the intervention (P = 0.416). However, the mean anxiety scores 48 hours after the intervention were 6.1 ± 2.3 and 7.7 ± 2.6 in the intervention and control groups, respectively, showing a significant decrease in the intervention group, compared to the control group (P = 0.010). However, the mean depression scores 24 and 48 hours after the intervention were estimated at 8.0 ± 2.0 and 7.1 ± 2.0, respectively, demonstrating no significant difference from the control group (P = 0.933 and P = 0.269). Conclusions: According to the study results, online video visitations decreased anxiety in patients at ICU-OH. Therefore, it is recommended that this method be used as an alternative to in-person meetings of patients at this ward.
Comparison of Quality and Lifestyle in Women with and Without Uterine Leiomyoma Referred to Gynecology Clinics of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2018
Authors: Zarshenas Mahnaz , Sorkhenezhad Mozhgan , Akbarzadeh Marzieh
Published: August 2020

Background: Uterine leiomyomas are considered as a major source of complications and the most common cause of hysterectomy. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life in women with and without uterine leiomyoma referred to gynecology clinics of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 126 patients who referred to the clinics of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were selected and divided into equal groups according to uterine leiomyoma, 1 - 7 cm uterine leiomyoma group and non-uterine leiomyoma group by convenience sampling. The World Health Organization Quality of Life and Healthy Lifestyle questionnaires were used for data collection. Independent t-test was used to analyze the data. Results: The mean quality of life of women with uterine leiomyoma was 47.20 ± 12.41 and women without uterine leiomyoma had a significant difference (51.11 ± 11.23, t = 3.93, P = 0.041). The mean lifestyle of women with uterine leiomyoma was 114.18 ± 25.48 and women without uterine leiomyoma had 149.11 ± 23.81 (t = 4.01, P = 0.029). Conclusions: The mean score of quality of life and lifestyle were significantly different in women with and without uterine leiomyoma. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the quality of life of women by improving their lifestyle and providing psychological counseling.
Valoración de la proporcionalidad de los pliegues cutáneos entre futbolistas profesionales titulares y reservas peruanos
Authors: Cossio-Bolaños M.A. , Hespanhol J.E. , Portella D. , Muniz da Silva Y. , Pablos Abella C. , Masi Alves V. , Vargas Vitoria R. , Arruda M.
Published: August 2020

El objetivo del estudio fue proporcionar información descriptiva sobre las diferencias de proporcionalidad de la masa corporal y pliegues cutáneos entre jugadores titulares y reservas en función de la posición de juego. Fueron seleccionados de forma no probabilística 4 clubes profesionales de Primera División del Fútbol Profesional Peruano, considerándose 44 titulares y 28 reservas. Se evaluó la masa corporal, estatura, seis pliegues cutáneos, determinándose la proporcionalidad corporal por medio de la estrategia del Phantom. Los resultados muestran que la proporcionalidad de la masa corporal y los pliegues cutáneos es similar, tanto de forma general y por ubicación de juego, no existiendo diferencias significativas entre las posiciones de juego y entre titulares y suplentes. En conclusión, todos los jugadores, independientemente de la posición de juego y la titularidad y/o suplencia muestran similares valores de proporcionalidad corporal y de pliegues cutáneos, mostrando en general altos valores de masa corporal y bajos niveles de tejido adiposo.

The aim of the study was to provide descriptive information about the differences in proportionality of body mass and skinfold thickness between starters and reserves as playing position. They were selected in a non-probabilistic 04 professional clubs in the First Division of Professional Football Peruvian, considering 44 starters and 28 reserves. We assessed body mass, height, six skinfolds, body proportionality determined by the strategy of the Phantom. The results show that the proportionality of body mass and skinfold is similar, both generally and by playing position, with no significant differences between playing positions and titular or alternate players. In conclusion, all players regardless of playing position and title and/or substitution proportionality show similar values and skinfold body, showing generally high body mass values and low levels of fat.
The Rule-Following Problem and Wittgenstein’s Place in Sociology Studies
Authors: Rodin Kirill A. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2020

The article presents an attempt to evaluate the influence of the late Wittgenstein philosophy (by the example of the rule-following problem) on sociology and some empirical programs of sociological research. At first we give a brief overview of the rule-following problem and consider, on the one hand, a skeptical reading and a skeptical solution to the problem by S. Kripke and, on the other hand, criticism towards Kripke by some Wittgensteinians). Then we reveal the role of skeptic reading in the sociological works of D. Bloor and the role of anti-sceptic reading in ethnomethodological projects. At the end we show the paramount importance of Peter Winch – we prove the following thesis: the ideas of Peter Winch anticipated many of the points and arguments in the dispute between D. Bloor and ethnomethodology.
Wittgenstein’s Problem of Rule-Following and Legal Philosophy Studies
Authors: Ogleznev Vitaly V. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2020

The article presents an analysis of K.A. Rodin’s argument that after publishing of Peter Winch’s book “The Idea of Social Science” (1958) the discussions of rule-following problem concerning to social epistemology and the methodology of social studies have not had tangible results. It is shown by the example of modern legal studies that this conclusion is not valid. On the contrary, Wittgenstein’s problem of rule-following and the very idea of rule-shaped activity have proved to have a great importance for an analytical legal philosophy and turned into an independent subject of study.
Sociology or Psychology?
Authors: Kuznetsov Andrei G. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2020

The article is an attempt at the reverse engineering of conceptual architecture and logic of David Bloor's Strong Programme (SP) in the sociology of scientific knowledge via explicating key resources and interpretative techniques for constructing it. To do this I show how problematic is a conventional interpretation of the SP as a radicalization of Kuhn's theory of science and as a sociologization of epistemology. This problematization allows me to put anew three questions concerning the SP. In what sense it is post-positivist? In what sense it is sociological? Does it belong to social epistemology? To answer these questions I set myself four tasks. First, Bloor’s theoretical position concerning the Kuhn-Popper debate is located. Second, I point to and present Mary Hesse’s network model of science (NM) as a crucial theoretical source for the early SP. Third, I analyze in detail how Bloor interpreted and appropriated NM. Finally, I show what theoretical and methodological effects this interpretation had for the SP as presented in 1976. The general layout of the conceptual architecture of SP is modeled on the Hesse’s NM. It combines the principle of correspondence and that of coherence and sees the language of science as a network of predicates and laws segmented by contingent and empirical boundaries and not a priori logical divisions between theory and observation. But Bloor creatively interprets and appropriates NM by the double move of generalization and specification. Whereas Hesse’s NM refers to the functioning of scientific language, in Bloor’s hands, it comes to describe human learning in general inscribed in psychological processes (perception and thinking). As a result, SP is based on a form of psychological empiricism that sees science as a two-storied building. The first floor (perception) ensures correspondence and the second one (thinking) provide conditions of coherence. SP of 1976 is a specific model for the sociological segmentation of the second floor.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics in the Context of Contemporary Physical Research
Authors: Karpenko Ivan A. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2020

The second law results in the growth of the entropy – in superficial interpretation this principle presumes that the sufficient energy inevitably turns into the substandard energy. Order turns into chaos over time; however, chaos also turns into order under certain circumstances. The first research objective is to establish the possible prescientific ideas about the phenomenon – some philosophical intuitions that have preceded the scientific discovery of the second law and have conformed to it in a certain sense. It is essential because there are always certain bonds and continuity in the history of philosophy and science – the correct interpretation of the phenomenon becomes difficult, if not impossible, without the establishment of such bonds.Moreover, the main task is to understand what the second law is and which significance its principal corollaries have. We need to give the second law a correct interpretation that will allow making assumptions about its connection with time in the context of the initial state problem and about the possible new ways of modern physics development – in particular, the creation of the quantum theory of gravity. Two solutions to the entropy and initial state connection problem are proposed in the context of the time arrow discussion (G. Calender’s approach to solving the problem is disputed).