bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic role of SOX2 and STAT3 expression on circulating T lymphocytes and CD44+/CD24neg cells in the locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Sobral Denise V. , Salgado Marcelo R. T. , Martins Mario R. , Vasconcelos Carolina de S. , Anunciação Carlos E. C. , de Andrade Victor P. , Torres Leuridan C.
Published: June 2024

Background

Breast cancer (BC) is associated with a continuous increase in incidence, with high mortality rates in several countries. CD44, STAT3, and SOX2 are related to regulating of somatic cell division, tumorigenesis, and metastasis in BC.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was carried out at the Hospital de Cancer de Pernambuco (HCP) between 2017 and 2018. Fifty‐one women with locally advanced (LA) and 14 with metastatic BC were included in the study.

Results

High CD44+/CD24neg and CD44+/CD24neg/SOX2+ levels in Luminal B (LB), HER2+, and triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) compared with controls (p < 0.05). Low CD44+/CD24negSTAT3+ levels in LB, HER2+, and TNBC compared with controls (p < 0.05). High T lymphocytes, and low STAT3 + T, and SOX2 + T levels in BC patients (p < 0.05). High SOX2 + T levels in patients with axillary lymph node‐negative (N0) compared with the axillary lymph node‐positives (N1 and N2 groups; p < 0.05). High SOX2 + T levels in N1 compared to N2 (p < 0.05). High T lymphocytes and low SOX2 + T levels in the LA tumor compared to metastatic disease (p = 0.0007 and p = 0.02, respectively). High CD44 + /CD24negSTAT3+, and T lymphocyte levels in TNBC patients with LA tumor compared to metastatic (p < 0.05). Low STAT3 + T levels in TBNC patients with LA tumor compared to metastatic (p = 0.0266).

Conclusion

SOX2 and STAT3 expression on circulating T lymphocytes and CD44 + /CD24neg cells in peripheral blood have prognostic roles in breast cancer. SOX2 and STAT3 expression are potential predictive biomarkers of disease progression in breast cancer regardless of tumor subtype.
Association Between COPD and Hearing Loss
Authors: Choi Hyo Geun , Kwon Mi Jung , Kim Ji Hee , Kim Joo‐Hee , Kim Yoonjoong , Kim So Young
Published: June 2024

Objective

The goal of the present study was to estimate the risk of hearing impairment in patients with COPD using huge nationwide population.

Methods

A retrospective case–control study was performed using the National Health Insurance Database in South Korea from 2002 through 2019. Totally 614,370 COPD patients and matched 2,170,504 control participants were selected at a 1:4 ratio. Hearing impairment was defined based on the registered data in the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Korea with six levels of severity of hearing impairment. The propensity score was calculated, and overlap‐weighted multinomial logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios of COPD for hearing impairment.

Results

A total of 2.67% of COPD patients and 1.9% of control participants had hearing impairment. The COPD patients indicated 1.10–1.21 times higher odds for hearing impairment according to the severity of hearing impairment than the control group. In accordance with age and sex, the younger age group (<65 years old) and female group demonstrated higher odds for hearing impairment related to the presence of COPD. The high odds for hearing impairment in patients with COPD was consistent in all other subgroups, except for the underweight group.

Conclusions

COPD was associated with an increased risk of hearing impairment in the general population in Korea.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 134:4716–4722, 2024
New Model and Public Online Prediction Platform for Risk Stratification of Vocal Cord Leukoplakia
Authors: Li Zufei , Lu Jinghui , Zhang Baiwen , Si Joshua , Zhang Hong , Zhong Zhen , He Shuai , Cai Wenli , Li Tiancheng
Published: June 2024

Objective

To extract texture features from vocal cord leukoplakia (VCL) images and establish a VCL risk stratification prediction model using machine learning (ML) techniques.

Methods

A total of 462 patients with pathologically confirmed VCL were retrospectively collected and divided into low‐risk and high‐risk groups. We use a 5‐fold cross validation method to ensure the generalization ability of the model built using the included dataset and avoid overfitting. Totally 504 texture features were extracted from each laryngoscope image. After feature selection, 10 ML classifiers were utilized to construct the model. The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was employed for feature analysis. To evaluate the model, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) were utilized. In addition, the model was transformed into an online application for public use and further tested in an independent dataset with 52 cases of VCL.

Results

A total of 12 features were finally selected, random forest (RF) achieved the best model performance, the mean accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of the 5‐fold cross validation were 92.2 ± 4.1%, 95.6 ± 4.0%, 85.8 ± 5.8%, and 90.7 ± 4.9%, respectively. The result is much higher than the clinicians (AUC between 63.1% and 75.2%). The SHAP algorithm ranks the importance of 12 texture features to the model. The test results of the additional independent datasets were 92.3%, 95.7%, 90.0%, and 93.3%, respectively.

Conclusion

The proposed VCL risk stratification prediction model, which has been developed into a public online prediction platform, may be applied in practical clinical work.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 134:4329–4337, 2024
The Application of Goal Attainment Scaling in Cervical Dystonia – An Exploratory Observational Pilot Study
Authors: Szabó Máté , Gárdián Gabriella , Szpisjak László , Salamon András , Gábor Tamás , Klivényi Péter , Zádori Dénes
Published: June 2024

Background

Due to its heterogeneous manifestation an individualized approach to reach therapeutic goals in cervical dystonia (CD) is advantageous.

Objectives

The aim of the current study was to adapt goal attainment scaling (GAS) to drive the management of CD.

Methods

38 patients with CD, regularly treated with botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), were involved in the current exploratory observational pilot study. GAS, including domains of motor, pain, disability, and psychiatric features, was applied to set up individualized goals with the calculation of initial GAS T‐scores. Following at least 4 BoNT injection cycles, patients were reassessed whether they reached the pre‐set goals.

Results

The initial GAS T‐scores (median: 36.9, range: 22.8–40) significantly improved (P < 0.001) to the end of the study (the median of final GAS T‐scores: 50, range: 25.5–63.6).

Conclusions

The applicability of GAS in CD patients was confirmed, but further large‐scale studies are needed refining this innovative approach.
An experimental study of intensity‐phase characterization of femtosecond laser pulses propagated through a polymethyl methacrylate
Authors: Imran Tayyab , Naeem Muddasir , Hussain Mukhtar
Published: June 2024

This article presents a comprehensive investigation into the intensity‐phase characteristics of ultrashort laser pulses propagated through a 10 mm thick polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) using frequency‐resolved optical gating (FROG) and cross‐correlation frequency‐resolved optical gating (XFROG) techniques. The study focuses on discerning characteristic changes that are induced by the PMMA on the laser pulse. The results reveal that the phase variations exhibit a consistent trend and pattern. At the same time, the temporal full width at half maximum (FWHM) of both FROG and XFROG measurements displays only minor changes. The overall analysis indicates that PMMA induces no discernible modifications in the pulse, thus positioning it as a viable optical element. The analysis of reference FROG, FROG, and XFROG with PMMA is compared and discussed, showing that this analysis provides a foundation for optimizing PMMA's utilization in the optical components of ultrafast laser systems. This experimental study strongly affirms that PMMA could be a potential candidate as an optical element for laser pulses.
Prospective follow‐up of overactive bladder symptoms in patients with prior SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Padmanabhan Priya , Roberts Ly Hoang , Chancellor Michael B. , Peters Kenneth M. , Zwaans Bernadette M. M.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

SARS‐CoV‐2 infection can result in genitourinary symptoms, such as frequency, urgency, nocturia, and pain/pressure. In this study, we followed the progression of overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms in patients that reported new or worsening OAB symptoms after coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) diagnosis.

Materials and Methods

Individuals from a COVID‐19 serology study were invited to participate in a follow‐up study. Respondents were divided into three groups based on prior COVID‐19 testing. Patients scored symptoms retrospectively before the pandemic, at study onset, and prospectively during 12‐month follow‐up. Genitourinary symptoms were assessed using international consultation on incontinence questionaire for OAB (ICIQ‐OAB). Change in ICIQ‐OAB scores from baseline were calculated. The minimal important difference of one on ICIQ‐OAB is considered a significant change.

Results

26.0% of participants previously had positive COVID polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test (PCR+), 5.6% a positive serology test only (Ser+), and 65.5% were COVID naïve (COVID−). 23.8% of participants reported a significant increase in ICIQ‐OAB score at study onset compared to prepandemic. ICIQ‐OAB scores were similar at prepandemic but significantly higher at study start (p < 0.001) in PCR+ group. During follow‐up, change in ICIQ‐OAB scores from baseline remained unchanged for COVID− group, but gradually reduced for PCR+, reaching similar levels as COVID− group by 12 months. By 12 months, 71.4% of PCR+, 42.9% of Ser+, and 68.8% of COVID− participants still reported significant increase in ICIQ‐OAB scores.

Conclusions

Most COVID‐19 patients experienced return of symptoms to baseline, indicative of the potential resolution of COVID‐associated cystitis. A subset of cases did not, raising questions about the underlying factors contributing to this outcome. Additional research is needed to assess long COVID on urological health.
Metal‐Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition Regrowth of Highly Doped n+ (In)GaN Source/Drain Layers for Radio Frequency Transistors
Authors: Banerjee Sourish , Peralagu Uthayasankaran , Alian Alireza , Zhao Ming , Hahn Herwig , Minj Albert , Vanhove Benjamin , Vohra Anurag , Parvais Bertrand , Langer Robert , Collaert Nadine
Published: June 2024

Herein, epitaxially regrown n+ (In)GaN source/drain layers for radio frequency high electron mobility transistors, addressing material and electrical characterization, are reported. A range of n+ GaN and n+ InGaN layers with indium 4–12 at% and silicon 0–5.1 × 1020 cm−3 are evaluated. The active carrier concentration in n+ InGaN exceeds 2 × 1020 cm−3. The layers exhibit so‐called V‐defects, observed by atomic force microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM), which are associated with local composition changes. In addition to the high Si doping levels, nitrogen vacancies are also considered to contribute toward their net carrier concentration. Due to its relevance for device processing, selectivity analysis is performed, and the optimal process conditions for selective regrowth are identified. Regrowth under high temperature (800 °C) is found to be conducive to improved selectivity. However, a high thermal budget negatively impacts the overall regrowth process, as reported here for In0.17Al0.83N and Al0.26Ga0.74N barriers: whereas the InAlN barrier suffers from intermixing, the AlGaN barrier demonstrates high‐temperature stability. The impact of intermixing is studied from complementary TEM and DC electrical measurements. A low overall contact resistance of 75 Ω μm is obtained with the regrown n+ InGaN layers.
Numerical Study of Graded CZT (S, Se) Solar Cell with 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Tungsten Disulfide (WS2) as a Buffer Layer
Authors: Lahoual Mohamed , Bourennane Mohammed , Aidaoui Lakhdar
Published: June 2024

Recently, there has been a surge of research interest in exploring solar cells based on Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4 (CZTSSe) for enhanced efficiencies. Traditionally, CdS has served as the buffer layer in these solar cells. However, there is growing scientific exploration aimed at replacing CdS with alternative materials. This work focuses on leveraging a graded CZTSSe absorber layer alongside tungsten disulfide (WS2) 2D transition metal dichalcogenides. WS2 semiconductor as buffer layer is less price, low toxicity with high‐stability, and its performance is compared to that of CdS/CZTSSe solar cells. This comparative study aims to assess the efficacy of the WS2/CZTSSe structure as a potential alternative to the conventional CdS/CZTSSe configuration, with the overarching objective of enhancing overall solar cell efficiency. Initially, to demonstrate the accuracy of our simulated results, a comparison is made between the reported experimental data of CdS/CZTSSe and the simulated data. This numerical investigation utilizes solar cell capacitance simulator ‐1D software. The primary focus of this research is to evaluate the effects of varying thicknesses and doping densities of the absorber and buffer layers, as well as WS2, CdS, and CZTSSe defect densities, on Voc, Jsc, fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency. The aim is to achieve optimal device performance through systematic optimization of these parameters. The findings reveal that the WS2/CZTSSe solar cell achieves the highest conversion efficiency of 14.38%, accompanied by a Voc of 0.6920 V, Jsc of 24.96 mA cm−2, and FF of 83.28%. This performance surpasses that of the CdS/CZTSSe configuration, which demonstrates an efficiency of 12.74%, Voc of 0.518 V, Jsc of 37.77 mA cm−2, and FF of 65.10%. These results hold significant promise for the practical implementation of WS2/CZTSSe solar cell structures, offering a pathway toward generating clean, pollution‐free, and cost‐effective energy solutions.
A composite study of extratropical cyclones accompanied by split fronts in the Northwestern Pacific
Authors: Tochimoto Eigo , Niino Hiroshi
Published: June 2024

The structure and environment of extratropical cyclones around East Asia that are accompanied by split fronts (SFs), hereafter referred to as SF cyclones, are examined using the Japanese 55‐year reanalysis dataset. The SFs are objectively and automatically detected with a thermal front parameter using equivalent potential temperature (). Previous statistical studies have shown that dry intrusion in the northern hemisphere occurs most frequently in winter; however, SFs occur more frequently in spring and autumn. In winter, SFs tend to occur at lower latitudes than in spring and autumn. A composite analysis in which the SF cyclones are simply superposed with respect to their centres indicates that the SFs tend to be located in the quadrants east and southeast of the cyclone centre, in accordance with previous case studies. For developing SF cyclones in the southern Northwestern Pacific (southern cyclone; SC) in autumn, a southward intrusion of low from the upper troposphere is the major contributor towards the formation of the SFs; for those in the northern Northwestern Pacific (northern cyclone; NC), a northward intrusion of low‐level high is the major contributor. For both SCs and NCs, high potential‐vorticity anomalies approach the cyclones from behind, suggesting that upper‐level troughs contribute to the formation of SFs by inducing ascent to the east and descent to the west of the upper‐level troughs.
Input‐output linearization and decoupling of mechanical control systems
Authors: Nowicki Marcin , Respondek Witold
Published: June 2024

In this article, we present the problem of simultaneous input‐output feedback linearization and decoupling (noninteracting) for mechanical control systems with outputs. We show that the natural requirement of preserving mechanical structure of the system and of transformations imposes supplementary conditions when compared to the classical solution of the same problem for general control systems. These conditions can be expressed using objects on the configuration space only. We illustrate our results with several examples of mechanical control systems.
A class of adaptive predefined‐time extended state observers for high‐order strict‐feedback systems
Authors: Lv Jixing , Ju Xiaozhe , Wang Changhong , Kao Yonggui , Jiang Yushi
Published: June 2024

Fast state estimation for nonlinear systems has been a key issue in control theory and the recently developed predefined‐time stability acts as an effective tool for the problem. However, the studies of predefined‐time state observer for nonlinear systems are rare. In this article, we consider the predefined‐time extended state observer (PTESO) design for a class of high‐order strict‐feedback systems subject to Hölder continuous nonlinearities and lumped disturbance. By developing an adaptive mechanism and using time‐varying functions, a class of adaptive PTESOs is designed to estimate the unavailable states and the lumped disturbance, in which the convergence time can be tightly and explicitly preset by only one parameter, irrelevant to the initial conditions. The adaptive mechanism is used to improve the transient performance under wide‐range lumped disturbance. Moreover, thanks to the design of the time‐varying gains, the PTESO could realize fast observation with trivial peaking observation errors. Finally, simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed observer.
Assessment of spawning habitat suitability for Amphidromous Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) in tidal Asahi River sections in Japan: Implications for conservation and restoration
Authors: Yoshida Keisuke , Yajima Hiroshi , Islam Md. Touhidul , Pan Shijun
Published: June 2024

The Amphidromous Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis), vital for Japan's riverine commercial fisheries, is experiencing population decline due to habitat degradation. In response, Japan is implementing restoration efforts by releasing juvenile fish and cultivating spawning habitats. This study, focusing on the Asahi River's Heidan area, evaluates Ayu spawning habitat suitability, especially in tidal zones, and its conservation implications. Through field surveys and numerical analysis, the research identifies optimal conditions for spawning amid dwindling numbers. Observations from the 2020 peak spawning season showed that water temperatures below 20°C are conducive to spawning, with the best sites producing up to 48,817 eggs/m2. Gravel sizes between 0.85 and 53.0 mm were identified as crucial for effective spawning. Notably, artificial spawning grounds established in 2019 showed no spawning activity, likely due to saline intrusion from tides. Using the three‐dimensional hydrodynamic‐aquatic ecosystem numerical model, the study assesses flow, substrate, and water quality's impact on spawning, corroborated by sensor data. A key finding is the negative correlation between salinity and egg density in tidal sections of the Asahi River. Furthermore, an artificial intelligence (AI)‐based YOLOv5 model, trained on underwater images, effectively detected Ayu aggregations, demonstrating an F1‐score of 0.757 in differentiating Ayu from other coexisting fish species in the same aquatic environment. This AI approach provides a nonintrusive method for monitoring Ayu populations and habitat preferences. The research underlines that successful spawning habitats require minimal saline intrusion, with optimal salinity and flow conditions. These insights are critical for spawning ground development, emphasizing the management of tidal effects and riverbed conditions to bolster Ayu populations and preserve aquatic ecosystems.
A Comparative Analysis of the Interaction between Donepezil and Albumin with and Without a ZnO/Chitosan Quantum Dot Nanocomposite
Authors: Dehghani Pegah , Hashemnia Sedigheh , Mokhtari Zaynab
Published: June 2024

In this study, a nanocomposite of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and chitosan‐based carbon quantum dots (ZnO/chQDs) in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a promising drug carrier candidate was synthesized and characterized. For this purpose, chitosan and citric acid were used for the synthesis of chQDs and donepezil (DNP) was selected as a model drug. The BSA binding properties of DNP were analyzed by FT‐IR and UV‐Vis techniques, electrochemical methods and molecular docking in the absence and presence of ZnO/chQDs. The thermodynamic parameters and binding constants of DNP with BSA were also evaluated by these methods. The changes in the structural properties of BSA in the presence of DNP, ZnO/chQDs and ZnO/chQDs‐DNP were monitored by ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy. Cyclic and differential pulse voltammetric techniques and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were applied to investigate the interactions, using methylene blue in electrolyte solution as redox probe, and its redox behaviour was observed to explore the interactions. Molecular docking was carried out on the interaction of DNP with BSA in the absence and presence of the synthesized ZnO/chQDs, and the results were compared with those of the experimental observations. The experimental results were confirmed by molecular docking studies.
Progress on Microwave Absorption Performance of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites
Authors: Ma Yizhi , Liu Ruixue , Sun Luning , Wei Sainan , Li Xinchao
Published: June 2024

The current electromagnetic environment exhibits a growing demand for efficient microwave‐absorbing materials. Developing multifunctional and efficient wave‐absorbing materials poses a challenging research hotspot. Numerous researchers have dedicated their efforts to developing high‐performance broadband wave‐absorbing materials with outstanding mechanical properties. Utilizing carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer composites (CFRP) for electromagnetic wave absorption (EMA) is a rapidly evolving field. Carbon fiber‐based EMA composites are characterized by high dielectric loss, high thermal stability, and low density, enabling them to achieve EMA properties while meeting mechanical property requirements. This review summarizes the principles of electromagnetic EMA, focusing on dielectric and magnetic losses, the preparation methods of CFRP, such as organic polymer synthesis, chemical vapor deposition, and vacuum forming processes, as well as their underlying principles. It also evaluates the research progress on the EMA properties of CFRP composites, particularly highlighting CFRP matrix modification and coating treatment. Finally, the challenges of CFRP EMA and potential future development directions are discussed. This analysis offers multiple recommendations for future researchers.
Exploring Potential Applications of α and β Polymorphs of Bi2O3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Pramila S. , Mallikarjunaswamy C. , Lakshmi Ranganatha V. , Nagaraju G. , Kavana C. P. , Chandan S.
Published: June 2024

In this investigation, we successfully synthesized bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) via simple combustion method using Artocarpous heterophyllus (Jackfruit) extract as fuel. Both α and β polymorphs of bismuth oxide NPs was prepared using same Artocarpous heterophyllus fuel but there is a variation in the addition of fuel in the range of 1 mL–6 mL. The prepared NPs were characterized by utilizing spectroscopic techniques. The photocatalytic efficiencies were found to be 84 %, 93 % for both α, β forms respectively. Methylene blue dye exhibits effective degradation for β‐phase compared to α‐phase. Furthermore, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and sensing (CV) activities were performed. The bismuth oxide modified electrodes exhibits better sensing activity towards dopamine, ascorbic acid, lead nitrate, and results obtained from EIS data revealed the super capacitor characteristics of Bi2O3 nanoparticles. This extensive investigation assessed the effectiveness of Aspergillus Niger‐fighting drugs, as well as the antibacterial effects of synthesized nanoparticles on Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia Coli. Measurements of optical density were used to establish the MIC values for antifungals. The protein 4XUY has a strong binding affinity of −6.4 Kcal/mol, with four important hydrogen bond interactions (LYS51, HIS84, ASN131, and GLU238) revealed by molecular docking research. These results expand our knowledge of the therapeutic uses of bismuth oxide nanoparticles by highlighting their potential as effective antibacterial agents and by providing insightful information about how they work against pathogenic microorganisms.
Porous ZnO Nanoparticles for Low‐Temperature, Specific and Selective Acetone Sensing
Authors: Wan Guixin , Xue Ruijia , Qin Tao , Jia Yunlong , Wang Xiaoyun
Published: June 2024

This study used a hydrothermal approach to create porous ZnO nanoparticles with the help of glucose (Glu), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The morphological characterization revealed some small pores on the surface of the samples, all of which were in the 10–20 nm pore size range. The gas test revealed that the Glu‐ZnO material performed best for acetone at 120 °C, with a response value of 82 for 100 ppm, which was approximately ten times for that of pure ZnO (8.6), and the response/recovery time was also twice as short.
Insight into Sonodynamic Activities of Gold Nanoparticles with Different Morphologies
Authors: Wang Danni , Li Jinghe , Wang Mengyuan , Jin Bo , Wang Xin , Zheng Ying , Liu Bin
Published: June 2024

The sonodynamic activities of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with different morphologies, gold nanospheres (GNSs), gold nanoflowers (GNFs) and gold nanorods (GNRs), were explored by multi‐spectroscopic methods, in which the lesion degree of human serum albumin (HSA) was used as assessment index. The results revealed that three GNPs all had certain sonosensitivity but varying from different morphologies. It was also found that GNPs concentration and ultrasonic parameters were all critical influencing factors of sonodynamic injury HSA. Investigating the physical damage mechanism, the results indicated that the secondary and tertiary structure of HSA were compromised by ultrasound (US) combined with GNPs, so that the conformation of HSA was altered and the function was variously disturbed due to GNPs different morphologies. Studying the chemical damage mechanism, the results discovered that the yield of singlet oxygen (1O2) produced by GNPs with various morphologies combined with US was significant difference. Therefore, comprehensively analyzing the research results under different factors, the order of sonodynamic activities of GNPs was GNSs≈GNFs>GNRs. These findings may provide reference for the application of GNPs as sonosensitizers in sonodynamic therapy.
Disposable Waste Aluminium Pan Derived Pseudoboehmite Nanoparticles for Concurrent Removal of Fluoride and Arsenate from Aqueous Medium
Authors: Prasad Panda Amulya , Aastha Ritika , Mishra Subhashree , Chandra Pattanaik Pratap , Jha Usha , Swain S. K.
Published: June 2024

The co‐occurrence of fluoride and arsenate in groundwater is a growing global concern owing to their synergistic adverse effect on human health. Thus, development of materials capable of capturing fluoride and arsenate simultaneously from aqueous medium is of much need. Moreover, it is a matter of great research importance to develop sustainable adsorbents by recycling solid wastes. Keeping this in mind, herein a novel pseudoboehmite nanoparticles (PBN) were synthesized by chemical valorization of disposable waste aluminium pan for simultaneous removal of fluoride and arsenate in aqueous medium. The physicochemical properties of the material were confirmed using analytical techniques such as XRD, BET, FT‐IR, FESEM etc. Batch study confirms the maximum monolayer adsorption of 90.10 mg g−1 and 94.84 mg g−1 of fluoride and arsenate respectively, which shows comparable affinity of the material for both contaminants. The selectivity of the adsorbent towards fluoride and arsenate was further evaluated by set of kinetic experiments in both single‐ion and mixture‐ion environment. The synthesis of pseudoboehmite nanomaterial using disposal waste Al pan and its high efficacy for removal of fluoride and arsenic even in presence of competing anionic environments provide a new direction of waste management for sustainable remediation of groundwater contaminants.
Effect of Metal Coordination Environment on the Stability of Zinc Complexes and Their Reactivity with NaSH
Authors: Lamberti Marina , Galotto Maria Vittoria , Vasca Ermanno , Landi Alessandro , Peluso Andrea , Strianese Maria
Published: June 2024

Metal complexes with multidentate ligands are frequently used as model compounds to shed light on the (bio)‐inorganic chemistry of H2S. Zinc complexes bearing salen‐type ONNO ligands with different bridging groups are particularly relevant in this respect. Here, we describe the use of zinc complexes with the sulfur‐analogues of the ONNO ligands with the S‐donors replacing either the neutral nitrogen donors or the anionic oxygen atoms of the classical salen ligands. In addition, we studied a hexadentate cyclic ligand, with four neutral sulfur atoms and two anionic oxygens. Having two coordinative pockets this ligand is able to form a bimetallic zinc complex. We report how the different coordinative environments of the explored ligands influence the stability of the zinc complexes and their abilities to form the related hydrosulfide species.
Synergistic Effect of P and Co Dual Doping Endows CuNi with High–Performance Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wu Quanshuo , Wang Junli , Wang Xuanbing , Wei Jinlong , Wang Jing , Zhang Can , Xu Ruidong , Yang Linjing
Published: June 2024

The rational design of highly active and durable non‐noble electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is significantly important but technically challenging. Herein, a phosphor and cobalt dual doped copper–nickel alloy (P, Co–CuNi) electrocatalyst with high–efficient HER performance is prepared by one‐step electrodeposition method and reported for the first time. As a result, P, Co–CuNi only requires an ultralow overpotential of 56 mV to drive the current density of 10 mA cm−2, with remarkable stability for over 360 h, surpassing most previously reported transition metal‐based materials. It is discovered that the P doping can simultaneously increase the electrical conductivity and enhance the corrosion resistance, while the introduction of Co can precisely modulate the sub‐nanosheets morphology to expose more accessible active sites. Moreover, XPS, UPS, and DFT calculations reveal that the synergistic effect of different dopants can achieve the most optimal electronic structure around Cu and Ni, causing a down‐shifted d‐band center, which reduces the hydrogen desorption free energy of the rate‐determining step (H2O + e− + H* → H2 + OH−) and consequently enhances the intrinsic activity. This work provides a new cognition toward the development of excellent activity and stability HER electrocatalysts and spurs future study for other NiCu‐based alloy materials.
A review of the impact of environmental pollutions on reproductive health and risk mitigation strategies
Authors: Afridah Wiwik , Nisa Fauziyatun , Martiana Tri
Published: June 2024

The reproductive health system holds paramount importance for human well‐being. Reproductive health is notably susceptible to oxidative stress, triggered by the generation of reactive oxygen species from pollutants such as Cd is often found in cigarette smoke ultimately resulting in diminished fertility among couples. This review aims to comprehensively discuss the repercussions and hazards posed by pollutants to reproductive health, elucidating how pollution can instigate reproductive disorders and proposing mitigation strategies. The first set of questions aimed to avert pregnancy abnormalities and curtail morbidity and mortality rates and underscores the need for antioxidants as a pivotal risk mitigation strategy. Fostering public awareness of a healthy lifestyle is imperative. These sustainable solutions and the involvement of expert organizations at local, national, and global scales, employing a multidisciplinary approach, are indispensable for effective problem‐solving in this domain. Findings from the review highlight a correlation between pregnancy complications, encompassing spontaneous abortions, premature deliveries, and low birth weight (LBW), attributable to pollutants, thereby escalating morbidity and mortality rates.
Outbreak of large skin wounds and necrotising soft tissue infection in Iberian pigs affected by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis
Authors: García‐Jiménez Waldo Luis , Martínez Carlos , Frontera Eva , Portero Miguel , Fernández‐Llario Pedro
Published: June 2024

Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis is an emerging pathogen in animals and humans. Herein, we describe an outbreak of S. dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis infection in Iberian pigs with large skin ulcerations and necrotising soft tissue. Postmortem examination was performed on two animals that had larger chronic lesions and secondary myiasis. Swabs from the edges of wounds from animals with more acute injuries were collected. The β‐haemolytic colonies obtained from the skin wounds and lymph nodes were identified as S. dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis. The isolate had low minimum inhibitory concentrations for β‐lactams. Stress due to the change of groups and the consequent increase in fights for the establishment of a new hierarchical order could be the reason why pigs that carry the bacteria in their gingival mucosa transmit them to other individuals through bites. This stressful situation could cause a certain immunosuppression, potentially favouring the exacerbation of S. dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis and the development of the lesions observed.
Ammonothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Ternary Amide Na2Ba(NH2)4
Authors: Engelsberger Florian Maximilian , Witthaut Kristian , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: June 2024

The ternary amide Na2Ba(NH2)4 was synthesized at ammonothermal conditions (870 K, 135 MPa) in custom‐built high‐pressure autoclaves. The compound was structurally characterized using X‐ray diffraction and crystallizes in space group Pccn (no. 56) with lattice parameters a=10.6492(2), b=7.8064(2) and c=8.1046(2) Å. To the best of our knowledge, the structure type has not yet been observed in any ternary amide before and can be described as a defective variant of the NaCl structure type. The presence of amide ions in the compound is verified by Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the experimental spectrum is compared to the theoretical spectrum obtained through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Na2Ba(NH2)4 complements the range of reported ternary alkali metal alkaline‐earth metal amides with the smallest Shannon radius ratio of rA/AE=0.76. The influence of this ratio on the formation of the new structure type is discussed as well. The characterization of intermediate species such as this ternary amide extends the understanding of the ammonothermal synthesis and can be useful for synthetic control in the formation of nitrides at ammonothermal conditions.
Theorising Interspaces: Creative and Critical Intersections
Authors: Angelaki Vicky
Published: June 2024

This book, the outcome of reflections, journeys and new constellations of landscape reformulated across different geo-cultural environments, is a pursuit to account for that which may be fleeting, but which has presence, substance and influence—and, more importantly, which carries interventionist potential. The chapter sets out the critical mapping of the book, presenting the case studies’ points of contact, and threading in the book’s overarching theoretical and analytical methods. Specifically, the section discusses the rationale and approach of Chapter3, “The Room: Intimate Microcosms and World Formation”; Chapter4, “The Transient: Palindromic Nomadisms and Invisible Transports”; Chapter5, “The Limbo: Liminal Loci and Timeless Travels”; Chapter6, “The Deviant: Unruly Spaces and Errant Experiences”; and Chapter7, “The Virtual: Hybrid Environments and Deepfake Realities”.
Afterword
Authors: Angelaki Vicky
Published: June 2024

The chapter is reflective of the fact that the book constitutes part of a narrative in formation, and, even more importantly, a world in transition: climatic, health, social, political and economical. Thus, it ends by emphasising the importance of recognising flows, possibilities and inter-, rather than fixed states. The theatre, which interconnects (to) all of the above, which affords this book its primary material, and which always motivates the effort, is also at a time of transitioning, adapting, reformulating and implementing new modes, practices and ways of surprising, engaging, surviving and inspiring. Some of these, this book has logged; others, it is very aware that it can imagine but not anticipate—and they, I hope the reader might agree, form the critical analysis and historiographies of our future(s).
Introduction
Authors: Momesso Lara , Ivanova Polina
Published: June 2024

This chapter starts by discussing the timeliness and significance of the topic of refugee policies and experiences in Japan and Taiwan. It defines two main and interrelated objectives of this volume which are: (1) to further scientific knowledge on the relatively understudied subjects of the acceptance, protection, and integration of refugees and asylum seekers in Japan and Taiwan, and (2) to raise public awareness of their plight in the hope that this promotes positive policy changes. The book attempts to achieve these objectives by examining three aspects of refugee-related issues which correspond to the three main parts of the book: (1) legal and policy frameworks, (2) media representation and public opinion, and (3) lived experiences of refugees and asylum seekers. This chapter proceeds by examining the role of human security as an overarching conceptual framework to help to fulfil both objectives. The subsequent two sections examine the existing refugee regimes in Taiwan and Japan, respectively. This introduction closes by highlighting the contribution of each chapter to the main ideas of the volume.
Kurdish Diaspora in Japan: Navigating Kurdish Identity and Activism on Social Media
Authors: Ahmadian Sohrab
Published: June 2024

The Kurdish community in Japan offers a dynamic diaspora, where social media plays a pivotal role in expressing and negotiating Kurdish cultural and political identities. This research examines how online communication and social media activism empower Kurdish diaspora members in Japan, facilitating transnational connections, identity expression, and advocacy for Kurdish causes. By exploring the intersection of Kurdish identity, activism, and social media in the Japanese context, this study enhances our understanding of evolving diasporic experiences in the digital age. This study employs a content analysis approach, examining Facebook posts by Kurdish users in Japan and the online activities of civil organisations affiliated with the Kurdish diaspora, to understand the representation of Kurdish identity and activism on social media. The analysis of collected data reveals that Kurdish nationalism is actively expressed within social media platforms, despite limitations such as the predominance of the Turkish language for representing Kurdish nationalism and identity. This highlights the significance of social media in facilitating Kurdish political mobilisation and the resilience of the Kurdish diasporic community in Japan.
The Lived Experience of Tibetan Refugees in Taiwan: Contesting Rights to Work, Residence, and Citizenship
Authors: Pan Mei-Lin , Tsering Dolma
Published: June 2024

The study explores the lived experiences of Tibetan refugees in Taiwan, with a focus on the rights to residence, work, and citizenship. Based on data collected from interviews, reports published by the Mongol and Tibet Affairs Commission, and other secondary sources, the study shows how the status of Tibetans in Taiwan has changed in the three different phases of political transformation in Taiwan. The study highlights how the political situation in Taiwan played a central role in determining the rights and status of Tibetan refugees in Taiwan. During Taiwan’s authoritarian phase, Tibetan refugees gained citizenship by serving the state’s purpose of advancing Chinese nationalist ideology, while in the democratic phase they were considered stateless and unable to obtain a residence visa due to national security concerns. Historical connections with Taiwan’s national identity politics have led to the particularity and complexity of Tibetans’ lived experiences in Taiwan today. The development of democracy in Taiwan has not improved the refugee rights’ protection. Even without a refugee law, Taiwan as a democratic country should seriously consider the challenges Tibetan refugees face in the light of basic human rights. Improving existing limitations, in the long run, will strengthen Taiwan’s democratic system.
“I Am Still a Refugee!” Displacement and Transnational Activism
Authors: Lin Shu-Fen
Published: June 2024

This chapter explores the trajectory and experience of a refugee profoundly shaped by the interplay between human agency and shifting geopolitical configurations and refugee/migration regimes in various historical contexts. Drawing upon materials from a life history project about Father Nguyễn Văn Hùng, this chapter centres on his personal journey as one of the Vietnamese “boat people” in the late 1970s, who later became a migrant rights advocate in Taiwan for over three decades. Father Nguyễn’s life history serves as a testimony to the impact of colonialism, the entanglement of the civil war and the Cold War, and the subsequent era of globalisation on the lives of ordinary Vietnamese. Simultaneously, it demonstrates his enduring aspiration for freedom and his identity as both a Vietnamese refugee and a dedicated human rights advocate. Through a nuanced analysis of Father Nguyễn’s life history, this chapter sheds light on the politics of humanitarianism and the varied approaches adopted by different countries, such as Japan, Australia, and Taiwan, in addressing Vietnamese refugees. Moreover, it provides valuable insights into the multifaceted forms of Vietnamese community building and transnational activism that have emerged and evolved in response to the changing patterns and dynamics of migration.
Examining Refugee Protection in Non-Signatories to the Refugee Convention and Protocol: Lessons Learned for the Taiwan Context
Authors: Lin Christine
Published: June 2024

Taiwan is not a member of the United Nations (UN) and is neither a signatory to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees nor the 1967 Protocol. While Taiwan’s enactment of a refugee act remains stalled, individuals fearing return to their countries of origin continue arriving on the island and need protection. Drafts of the refugee act contemplate the Taiwanese government’s cooperation with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), whose mandate is to lead and coordinate the global protection of refugees. While the UNHCR does not have a presence in Taiwan, it has operated in other areas that are neither UN members nor signatories to the Refugee Convention or Protocol. Filling a gap in current literature, this chapter examines the UNHCR’s role in other non-UN member and non-signatory states with asylum seeking and refugee populations, to explore potential collaboration between Taiwan and the UNHCR. To identify challenges in refugee protection in Taiwan and potential involvement from the UNHCR, I interviewed advocates representing asylum seekers in Taiwan. I also compared various versions of the draft refugee act and reviewed existing secondary sources. Through a literature review and interviews, I examined the successes and challenges of local frameworks for asylum and refugee protection and the UNHCR’s role in select non-UN member and non-signatory states. This chapter concludes with policy recommendations to the Taiwanese government and the UNHCR for establishing mechanisms that can better provide protection and safety for vulnerable individuals arriving on the island.
Stochastic Quantization of Two-Dimensional $$P(\Phi )$$ Quantum Field Theory
Authors: Duch Paweł , Dybalski Wojciech , Jahandideh Azam
Published: June 2024

We give a simple and self-contained construction of the $$P(\Phi )$$

P
(
Φ
)

Euclidean quantum field theory in the plane and verify the Osterwalder–Schrader axioms: translational and rotational invariance, reflection positivity and regularity. In the intermediate steps of the construction, we study measures on spheres. In order to control the infinite volume limit, we use the parabolic stochastic quantization equation and the energy method. To prove the translational and rotational invariance of the limit measure, we take advantage of the fact that the symmetry groups of the plane and the sphere have the same dimension.
Erfolgsfaktoren und Hindernisse bei der Implementierung kompetenzorientierter Lehre in der Chirurgie
Authors: Kruppa C. , Rudzki M. , Baron D. J. , Dudda M. , Schildhauer T. A. , Herbstreit S.
Published: June 2024

Hintergrund und Fragestellung

Für die kompetenzorientierte Ausrichtung der Lehre an den Fakultäten gilt es, die beeinflussenden Faktoren zu identifizieren, um Stärken zu nutzen und Schwächen auszugleichen. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Erfolgsfaktoren und Hindernisse bei der Implementierung kompetenzorientierter Lehre in der Chirurgie aus dem Blickwinkel der Studierenden und Dozierenden.

Methoden

Nach Implementierung kompetenzorientierter Lehre, basierend auf den Lernzielen des NKLM, in den Kursen Unterricht am Krankenbett Chirurgie (UAK) und Blockpraktikum Chirurgie (BP) an zwei Kliniken wurden Fokusgruppeninterviews und Fragebogenerhebung mit Studierenden (S) und Dozierenden (D) mit anschließender qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse mit Quantifizierung der Aussagen durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse

Im SoSe 2022 nahmen 31 Studierende und 14 Dozierende an Fokusgruppeninterviews teil. 143 Fragebögen (123 S, 20 D) wurden ausgewertet. Erfolgsfaktoren waren für die Studierenden das Vorhandensein konkreter Lernziele/Kompetenzen mit den Aspekten eines „Leitfadens für den Unterricht“, „Transparenz der Lernziele“ und „Einforderung möglich“ sowie „Unterrichtsablauf/-struktur“ und „Betreuung“; das Vorhandensein konkreter Lernziele/Kompetenzen mit den Aspekten „Hilfestellung zur Vorbereitung“ und „Strukturierung des Unterrichts“ sowie das Engagement der Studierenden stellten für die Dozierenden die Erfolgsfaktoren dar. Die Fragebogenerhebung ergab, dass die Mehrheit (88 % S, 75 % D) über die Lernziele informiert war und diese als verfolgt ansahen (84 % S, 95 % D). Als Hindernisse wurden die Faktoren „Zeit“, „Betreuung“ und „Information“ genannt. Faktoren, die nicht eindeutig positiv oder negativ zuzuordnen waren (indifferente Einflussfaktoren), stellten u. a. „Unklarheit, was Kompetenzorientierung ist“ und „Unsicherheit, wie diese zu überprüfen ist“ dar.

Diskussion

Die klare Strukturierung, transparente Lernziele und funktionierende Betreuung sind die Erfolgsfaktoren für die Implementierung und sollten als Stärken genutzt werden. Indifferente Faktoren sind als Hindernisse zu werten und u. a. durch Schulung zu lösen. Die immanenten Probleme des Zeit- und Personalmangels behindern auch diese Implementierung und bedürfen genereller struktureller Veränderungen.