bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bibliothek, Kütüphane, Bibliothèque, БИБЛИОТЕКА, Kirjasto, Biblioteca, Könyvtár, Bókasafn, 图书馆, Library - der Einstieg in den internationalen Bibliotheksdschungel
Authors: Klauser Hella
Published: January 2021

In der heutigen globalisierten Welt, die auch nicht vor dem Bibliotheksgeschehen Halt macht, ist es unabdingbar geworden, Kontakt und Erfahrungen auch im Ausland einzuholen und in die eigenen Bibliotheksentwicklungen vor Ort einzubringen. Auch in Zeiten von pandemiebedingten Reisebeschränkungen gibt es zahlreiche Möglichkeiten, den internationalen Austausch auszuprobieren und zu entwickeln. Der Beitrag stellt diese vor, verweist auf die Bedeutung des internationalen Austauschs bereits während der Studienzeit und gibt Hinweise zur Umsetzung auch realer Auslandspläne.
TINDAK PIDANA EKONOMI DALAM FIKIH PIDANA ISLAM
Authors: Jaenudin J , Faizal Enceng Arif
Published: January 2021

This article aims to answer the economic criminal sanctions in Islamic criminal jurisprudence. Islamic law has regulated criminal acts that are clear and described in the field of jinayah. However, it is necessary to specifically classify economic criminal sanctions. This research uses literature research with content analysis techniques in examining the development of economic crimes in Islamic criminal jurisprudence. The results showed that the arrangement of the fingers was clearly regulated through texts which were called hudud and outside texts which were categorized as ta'zir. This classification is based on whether there are sanctions provisions in the text. Economic crimes in fiqh jinayah are grouped: economic crimes in the hudud category, namely sariqah or robbery, and hirabah or robbery. Second, ta'zir economic crimes, namely corruption, money laundering, smuggling, counter­feiting, fraud, and environmental pollution, the sanctions are given to the level of benefit and ulil amri.
PEMIDANAAN KEBIRI TERHADAP PELAKU KEJAHATAN SEKSUAL KEPADA ANAK PERSPEKTIF HAK ASASI MANUSIA DAN HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Jamaludin Ahmad , Rifqi Noval Sayid Mohammad
Published: January 2021

Sexual crimes in Indonesia have become increasingly worrying, especially against children, efforts to protect child victims by the government with Perpu No.1 of 2016 which has been passed into Law Number 17 of 2017 concerning child protection. This Perpu provides for additional regulations with castration for sexual crimes against children. The making of this policy was tinged with pros and cons because it was not in accordance with the objectives of punishment and Islamic law. The research method used is normative juridical with quantitative analysis. The purpose of this research is to see the view of the purpose of the punishment of chemical castration which is released to perpetrators of sexual crimes and to see and explain the Islamic legal views of the act of castration. The results of this study are First, the implementation of castration is an act of violence and contrary to the 1945 Constitution, namely Article 28 G paragraph 2 and Article 33 paragraph 1 of Law No. 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights. Both Islamic Laws do not speak in writing about castration. The castration penalty stipulated in Law 17 of 2016 is a prohibition which is categorized as a punishment for takzir, because it is made by the state or leaders to overcome sexual crimes against children. The conclusion of this research is that first, castration punishment is a punishment that can violate human rights. Second, castration punishment in Islam is categorized as takzir punishment.
UANG SASUDUIK DALAM SISTEM PERKAWINAN DI NAGARI SITUJUAH GADANG KECAMATAN SITUJUAH LIMO NAGARI KABUPATEN LIMA PULUH KOTA PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Umulhusni Annisa , Fatoni Nur
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTObligatory giving by a prospective bridegroom to a prospective bride in a marriage is only a dowry, as explained in Article 30 of the Compilation of Islamic Law. Whereas in traditional marriages in Nagari Situjuah Gadang Situjuah District Limo Nagari Lima Puluh Regency in West Sumatra Province, a man who is going to get married is not required to give dowry only but is also required to give sasuduik money. Sasuduik money is a gift that is required to be a man who will get married by giving the amount of money desired by his future wife and family. If the sasuduik money cannot be fulfilled by men, the marriage will be delayed or even canceled. The purpose of this research is to find out the marriage system; the origin and position of Sasuduik money in the marriage system; a review of Islamic law on the provision of money for men who will hold marriages in Nagari Situjuah Gadang Situjuah Limo Nagari District Lima Puluh Regency City of West Sumatra Province. Keywords: Dowry, Marriage, Uang Sasuduik
POLA PEMENUHAN HAK DAN KEWAJIBAN SUAMI ISTRI LONG DISTANCE RELATIONSHIP (LDR)
Authors: Zakiah Reza Umami
Published: January 2021

Ideally, a married couple lives together to carry out their respective duties and obligations. However, because the demands of work cause some of them must be far apart and live the life of Long Distance Relationship (LDR) as happened in Batujaya Village, Kec. Batujaya, Kab. Karawang. The problem that arises is how the pattern of fulfilling the rights and obligations of husband and wife in Batujaya Village, Kec. Batujaya, Kab. Karawang. How to communicate on LDR and how to overcome the difficulties that arise between the two. Through research using descriptive analysis method, the results of the study show that: (1) The pattern of fulfilling the rights and obligations of a husband and wife who are on a LDR at Batujaya Village, Kec. Batujaya, Kab. Karawang can be understood in three aspects, namely the Financial/material aspect is done by meeting in person/transferring money through Alfamart/ATM/POS. The biological aspect when far apart is by interacting by telephone, occupying with homework. Psychological aspects, namely by giving attention over the phone or when meeting by serving all their needs. (2) The way of LDR husband and wife communication via telephone, massage, whatsapp, and video call, but for those who do not use the telephone as a communication tool, the communication is carried out directly when meeting. (3) The way to overcome the difficulties that arise between the two is to maintain mutual trust, understanding, commitment, intensive communication, mutual attitude. The difficulties faced are financial, trust, communication, cooperation and sexual needs.
HAK ASUH ANAK AKIBAT CERAI GUGAT DALAM PERKARA NOMOR 0915/Pdft.G/2017/PA.Bgr
Authors: Arnengsih A , Sar’an Mohamad
Published: January 2021

This research is motivated by the existence of an Application for Divorce Claims in Bogor Religious Court ruling as an Applicant filing for Claims Divorce and Child Custody. The Plaintiff as a mother filed a lawsuit to the Bogor Religious Court so that Child Custody fell on the Plaintiff. But the Defendant as the father is suing back, that the child custody holder is his father because his mother does not reflect as a good mother. Then the Board of Judges of the Bogor Religious Court rejected the Plaintiff's claim and granted the Defendant's claim to establish custody of the child at the Defendant until the child is 14 years old provided that the plaintiff is given access to meet the child. This study aims to determine the legal basis of the Panel of Judges, the method of finding the Panel of Judges in child custody cases. The results of this study are: 1. The consideration of the panel of judges granted the Defendant's lawsuit because he saw from the facts in the trial and based on the evidence submitted by the parties and looked at the benefit of the child. 2. Judges use the method of legal construction in legal discovery, namely the method of law enforcement (rechtsvervjnings). In this method, the judge can rule out articles that are deemed incompatible with the facts at this time.Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi adanya Permohonan Cerai Gugat putusan PA Bogor sebagai Pemohon mengajukan Cerai Gugat dan Hak Asuh Anak. Penggugat sebagai ibu mengajukan gugatan ke PA Bogor agar Hak Asuh Anak. Namun Tergugat sebagai ayah melakukan gugatan balik terhadap pemegang hak asuh anak, dikarenakan ibunya bukan merupakan ibu yang baik dan tidak mencerminkan cara hidup seorang ibu yang baik. Kemudian Majelis Hakim Pengadilan Agama Bogor menolak gugatan Penggugat dan mengabulkan gugatan Tergugat menetapkan hak asuh anak berada pada Tergugat hingga anak tersebut berusia 14 tahun dengan ketentuan penggugat diberi akses bisa bertemu dengan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui landasan hukum Majelis Hakim, Metode penemuan Majelis Hakim dalam perkara hak asuh anak. Hasil penelitian ini adalah menunjukan bahwa pertama, Pertimbangan majelis hakim mengabulkan gugatan Tergugat karena melihat dari fakta yang ada di persidangan dan berlandaskan pada pembuktian yang diajukan oleh para pihak dan melihat kepada kemaslahatan anak. Kedua Hakim menggunakan metode konstruksi hukum dalam penemuan hukumnya, yaitu metode pengkongkretan hukum (rechtsvervjnings). Dalam metode ini, hakim dapat menyampingkan pasal yang sudah dianggap tidak sesuai dengan fakta pada saat ini.
PERCERAIAN USIA 3 TAHUN PERKAWINAN DARI PASANGAN MUDA
Authors: Khosyi’ah Siah , Jundan Gozwan M.
Published: January 2021

Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning marriage explains that marriage is an inner and outer bond between a man and a woman as husband and wife with the aim of forming a happy family (household) based on the divinity of the Almighty. However, it was found several decisions of the Garut Religious Court which showed the age of marriage which lasted a short period of time. This study aims to determine the factors causing divorce at the age of 3 years of marriage from a young couple in the Garut Religious Court, to find out the legal reasons for judges for divorce at the age of 3 years of marriage from a young couple in the Religious Court of Garut and the judge's view of the granting of a 3 year marriage divorce decision. from a young couple in the Garut Religious Court. The results showed that the factors causing divorce at the age of 3 years of marriage can be classified into 3 main causes, namely: disputes and quarrels, lack of responsibility from the spouse and interference from outside parties. The legal reasons for judges who are sufficient to meet the reasons for divorce based on the law of several examples of decisions include: based on the information submitted before the trial the judge found the fact that between couples often quarrels and disputes occur and are not responsible for obligations in fulfilling the needs of living , as well as the parties split up residence.Undang-undang Nomor 1 tahun 1974 tentang perkawinan menjelaskan bahwa perkawinan ialah ikatan lahir bathin antara seorang pria dan seorang wanita sebagai suami istri dengan tujuan membentuk keluarga (rumah tangga) yang bahagia kekal berdasakan ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa. Namun ditemukan beberapa putusan Pengadilan Agama Garut yang menunjukan adanya usia perkawinan yang berlangsung dalam kurun waktu yang singkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab perceraian usia 3 tahun perkawinan dari pasangan muda di Pengadilan Agama Garut, untuk mengetahui alasan hukum hakim atas perkara perceraian usia 3 tahun perkawinan dari pasangan muda di Pengadilan Agama Garut dan pandangan hakim terhadap dikabulkannya putusan perceraian usia 3 tahun perkawinan dari pasangan muda di Pengadilan Agama Garut. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa faktor penyebab terjadinya perceraian usia 3 tahun perkawinan dapat digolongkan menjadi 3 penyebab utama, yaitu: perselisihan dan pertengkaran, tidak adanya tanggung jawab dari pasangan dan gangguan dari pihak luar. Adapun alasan hukum hakim yang cukup memenuhi alasan perceraian berdasarkan undang-undang dari beberapa contoh putusan antara lain: berdasarkan keterangan yang diajukan di depan muka persidangan hakim menemukan fakta bahwa diantara para pasangan sering terjadi pertengkaran dan perselisihan dan tidak bertanggung jawab dalam kewajiban dalam memenuhi kebutuhan nafkah, serta para pihak berpisah tempat tinggal.
Zarzut potrącenia jako podstawa powództwa opozycyjnego po zmianach wprowadzonych na mocy ustawy z dnia 4 lipca 2019 r. o zmianie ustawy – Kodeks postępowania cywilnego oraz niektórych innych ustaw (Dz.U. 2019, poz. 1469)
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków, Polska, Olaś Andrzej
Published: January 2021

This article discusses the issue of the set-off defense as the basis for an action to limit or cancel the enforceability of an enforceable title after amendments as provided for pursuant to the Act of 4 July 2019 amending the Act – Code of Civil Procedure and some other acts. The purpose of the article is to indicate the basic interpretative issues emerging from the regulations contained in the Article 840 § 1 item 2 of the Code of Civil Procedure which are likely to pose major problems in its practical application and to offer some reasoned proposals for their solution in a manner consistent with theoretical assumptions and at the same time as useful as possible for judicial practice in the civil proceedings.
Rewolucja w procedurze cywilnej – doręczenia pism procesowych
Authors:   Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski, Polska, Stadnik-Cząstka Kinga
Published: January 2021

In connection with the promulgation of the Act of 4 July 2019 amending the Act – Code of Civil Procedure and some other acts, there was an unexpected change after three years in the provisions on the delivery of pleadings. The article will present new provisions related to delivery and discuss the legal tool aimed at limiting the „fiction of service”, i.e. the implemented solution involving bailiffs in the process of delivery. The article will discuss the essence of the change, which leads to a situation where all cases, regardless of when they were initiated, will be subject to uniform regulation, and will also indicate why the formalities related to these changes are significant, mainly due to the severe sanctions that threaten to fail new procedural requirements. The essence of the correctness of direct service from the point of view of procedural practice and the effectiveness of communication between the parties necessary in a civil procedure will be assessed.
Model zażalenia w świetle nowelizacji Kodeksu postępowania cywilnego z 4 lipca 2019 r.
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Kościółek Anna
Published: January 2021

The following paper includes an analysis of the model of a complaint in the polish civil proceedings. This issue is discussed especially in the light of essential legislative changes introduced by the Act of 4 July 2019 amending the Act – the Code of Civil Procedure and some other acts. These changes fundamentally altered the model for reviewing court decisions in incidental matters, which are not conclusive for the entire proceedings. The Act, in particular, significantly limited the catalogue of decisions of courts of first instance which can be appealed againts to the court of second instance, reshaping this particular model of control into an exception to the simultaneously introduced principle of examining a complaint by different judges of the same court. On the other hand, the act expanded the scope of decisions of courts of second instance which are examined by different judges of the same court. A similar solution was introduced also in in the enforcement proceedings. Therefore, in the current legal status, majority of incidental decisions in civil proceedings has been covered by the so called horizontal complaint. In consequence, a complaint lost its devolutive nature and thus ceased to be an appelate messure.
Impairment of Proteasome Function in Podocytes Leads to CKD
Authors: Makino Shin-ichi , Shirata Naritoshi , Oliva Trejo Juan Alejandro , Yamamoto-Nonaka Kanae , Yamada Hiroyuki , Miyake Takafumi , Mori Kiyoshi , Nakagawa Takahiko , Tashiro Yoshitaka , Yamashita Hirofumi , Yanagita Motoko , Takahashi Ryosuke , Asanuma Katsuhiko
Published: January 2021

Significance Statement

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagy-lysosomal system (APLS) are major intracellular protein degradation mechanisms. The importance of the APLS in podocytes is established, but the role of the UPS is not well understood. The first mouse model of podocyte-specific proteasome impairment revealed that UPS plays important roles in podocyte homeostasis, inducing p53-mediated apoptosis and mTOR-mediated autophagy suppression. The podocytes with impaired proteasomes exhibited characteristic features of aging and increase in a marker of aging. Our data suggest that proteasome impairment in podocytes leads to CKD and show that antioxidants and autophagy activators could be therapeutic agents for age-dependent CKD.

Background

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagy-lysosomal system (APLS) are major intracellular degradation procedures. The importance of the APLS in podocytes is established, but the role of the UPS is not well understood.

Methods

To investigate the role of the UPS in podocytes, mice were generated that had deletion of Rpt3 (Rpt3
pdKO), which encodes an essential regulatory subunit required for construction of the 26S proteasome and its deubiquitinating function.

Results

Rpt3
pdKO mice showed albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis, leading to CKD. Impairment of proteasome function caused accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and of oxidative modified proteins, and it induced podocyte apoptosis. Although impairment of proteasome function normally induces autophagic activity, the number of autophagosomes was lower in podocytes of Rpt3pdKO mice than in control mice, suggesting the autophagic activity was suppressed in podocytes with impairment of proteasome function. In an in vitro study, antioxidant apocynin and autophagy activator rapamycin suppressed podocyte apoptosis induced by proteasome inhibition. Moreover, rapamycin ameliorated the glomerular injury in the Rpt3
pdKO mice. The accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and of oxidative modified proteins, which were detected in the podocytes of Rpt3
pdKO mice, is a characteristic feature of aging. An aging marker was increased in the podocytes of Rpt3
pdKO mice, suggesting that impairment of proteasome function promoted signs of aging in podocytes.

Conclusions

Impairment of proteasome function in podocytes led to CKD, and antioxidants and autophagy activators can be therapeutic agents for age-dependent CKD.
The North-West University’s High Altitude Radiation Monitor programme
Authors: Mosotho Moshe G. , Strauss Roelf D. , Nndanganeni Rendani R. , Van den Berg Jacobus P.
Published: January 2021

Since the discovery of cosmic radiation by Victor Hess in 1912, when he reported a significant increase in radiation as altitude increases, concerns about radiation effects on human bodies and equipment have grown over the years. The secondary and tertiary particles which result from the interaction of primary cosmic rays with atmospheric particles and commercial aircraft components, are the primary cause of the radiation dose deposited in human bodies and in electronic equipment (avionics) during aircraft flights. At an altitude of about 10 km (or higher) above sea level, the dose received by frequent flyers, and especially flight crew, is a serious concern. Also of concern is the possible failure of sensitive equipment on board commercial aircrafts as a result of flying through this mixed radiation field. Monitoring radiation in the atmosphere is therefore very important. Here we report on the first measurements by the High Altitude Radiation Monitor (HARM) detector during a commercial flight from Johannesburg (O.R. Tambo International Airport) to Windhoek (Hosea Kutako International Airport). As part of a public awareness activity, the HARM detector was placed on a high-altitude balloon, and these measurements are also shown here. Model calculations (estimations) of radiation levels for the commercial aircraft flight are shown and the results are used to interpret our measurements.
Significance:

Measurements of the Regener–Pfotzer maximum in South Africa and dosimetric measurements on board a commercial flight are presented.
These radiation measurements are compared to model calculations which can be used to predict the radiation dose during commercial flights.
This study also aims to raise public awareness about the atmospheric radiation environment from ground level to the Regener–Pfotzer peak at high altitude.
Performance assessment of four HIV self-test devices in South Africa: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Majam Mohammed , Fischer Alex E. , Rhagnath Naleni , Msolomba Vanessa , Venter Willem D.F. , Mazzola Laura , Lalla-Edward Samanta T.
Published: January 2021

HIV self-testing (HIVST) has been introduced to supplement existing HIV testing methods to increase the number of people knowing their HIV status. Various HIVST kits have been developed; however, in many countries, their entry into the market is contingent on either being listed as World Health Organization (WHO) prequalified diagnostics/products or being approved by that country’s health device regulator or both. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the usability, sensitivity and specificity of HIVSTs, as directed by the WHO prequalification literature. A boxed, sealed HIVST kit was provided to enrolled lay users with no further instruction, who then performed the test under observation. For each HIVST, a product-specific semi-structured checklist was used to calculate a usability index, while the sensitivity and specificity of each HIVST were calculated by comparing the HIVST results to the ‘gold standard’ – fourth-generation ELISA laboratory blood test. The average usability index was 97.1% (95.9–97.8%), while the average sensitivity and specificity were 98.2% (96.8–99.3%) and 99.8% (99.4–100.0%), respectively. We also diagnosed 507 (15.1%) HIV-positive participants from the general population. The average usability index, sensitivity and specificity were all comparatively high, and these results corroborate previous usability and performance studies from other regions. These results suggest HIVSTs are appropriate for the South African market and can assist manufacturers with readying their devices for final WHO prequalification evaluation.
Significance:

This study has followed the WHO Technical Specification Series for the prequalification of HIV self-test devices, so the usability, sensitivity and specificity results may be used to inform the WHO prequalification process.
The average usability index (97.1%), sensitivity (98.2%) and specificity (99.8%) were all very high, and these results support previous usability and performance studies from other regions, which suggest HIV self-tests are appropriate for WHO prequalification, and subsequently, the South African market.
This study also diagnosed 507 (15.1%) HIV-positive participants from the general population – slightly higher than the national prevalence of 13.1%.
Water security and rangeland sustainability: Transdisciplinary research insights from Namibian–German collaborations
Authors: Luetkemeier Robert , Mbidzo Meed , Liehr Stefan
Published: January 2021

The Global South is facing severe challenges in ensuring livelihood security due to climate change impacts, environmental degradation and population growth as well as changing lifestyles. These complex problems cannot be solely solved by single scientific disciplines – they require transdisciplinary research (TDR). Stakeholders from civil society, the corporate sector, government and science need to pool their knowledge to find solutions for sustainable transformations. In Namibia, we have been involved in TDR projects on water supply, and sanitation services as well as livestock management in rangeland systems. In this paper, we review two TDR projects that differ in multiple ways and hence allow us to carve out structural differences and critically discuss research outcomes, lessons learned and the challenge of North–South collaborations. Our review builds upon published and unpublished project documents as well as expert interviews with Namibian and German researchers who were involved in the projects. Our results show that TDR can be put into practice in different ways, depending on the research focus and the period available. The TDR phases of problem framing, inter- and transdisciplinary integration were implemented with different tools and foci points. We discuss the role of project length and funding conditions for project success and outcome generation. In addition, we critically consider the role of Namibian and German researchers in these international collaborations. The conclusions we draw touch upon the points of preparatory research funding, the equal acknowledgement of Global South contributions to joint research projects and the explicit handling of TDR components in project work.

Significance:

The current social-ecological challenges are complex and require TDR as a mode of knowledge coproduction, particularly in a development context.

Inter- and transdisciplinary integration are critical processes for a project to be successful and require the allocation of adequate time and monetary resources.

Longer-term projects with a funded preparatory research phase constitute a structural model for TDR as project outcomes can evolve over time.

Global South researchers carry a hidden burden in international collaborations that has to be adequately acknowledged upfront in project planning and final products.
Possible causes of a substantial decline in sightings in South Africa of an ecologically important apex predator, the white shark
Authors: Fisher Robin
Published: January 2021

A decline in sightings of a top predator, the white shark (Carcharadon carcharias), in South Africa was quantified in order to identify possible causes for this decline. White shark sightings data across 8 years (2011–2018), recorded from a cage-diving vessel in Gansbaai are reported. A significant decline in mean total white shark sightings per boat trip (>6 in 2011 to <1 in 2018) and a 69% reduction in the probability of a sighting were found. Correlating with this decline in sightings is a rise in sightings of sevengill sharks (Notorynchus cepedianus) in False Bay and copper sharks (Carcharhinus brachyurus) in Gansbaai, as well as substantial ecosystem changes. The effects of lethal conservation measures such as the use of shark nets in KwaZulu-Natal; the direct and indirect effects of overfishing including a reduction in smoothhound (Mustelus mustelus) and soupfin (Galeorhinus galeus) sharks; and novel predation on white sharks are discussed as possible causative factors for this decline in white shark sightings.

Significance:

The results of this paper highlight the need to reassess the impact of marine conservation initiatives and fishing practices. Failure to do so could seriously affect ecologically and economically important marine species. This paper reveals a potentially serious decline to the South African white shark population, characterised by a substantial decline in white shark sightings. This decline correlates with the overfishing of prey species, bycatch, the use of lethal gill nets and ecological changes such as the novel presence of orca. Better marine management is required if South Africa wishes to keep a healthy white shark population.
Rates and patterns of habitat loss across South Africa’s vegetation biomes
Authors: Skowno Andrew L. , Jewitt Debbie , Slingsby Jasper A.
Published: January 2021

The loss of natural habitat resulting from human activities is the principal driver of biodiversity loss in terrestrial ecosystems globally. Metrics of habitat loss are monitored at national and global scales using various remote sensing based land-cover change products. The metrics go on to inform reporting processes, biodiversity assessments, land-use decision-making and strategic planning in the environmental and conservation sector. We present key metrics of habitat loss across South Africa at national and biome levels for the first time. We discuss the spatial patterns and trends, and the implications and limitations of the metrics. Approximately 22% of the natural habitat of South Africa has been lost since the arrival of European settlers. The extent and the rate of habitat loss are not uniform across South Africa. The relatively mesic Grassland, Fynbos and Indian Ocean Coastal Belt biomes have lost the most habitat, while the arid Nama-Karoo, Succulent Karoo and Desert have lost the least. Rates of loss increased across all biomes in recent years (2014–2018), indicating that the historical drivers of change (i.e. expansion of croplands, human settlements, plantation forestry and mining) are intensifying overall. We should caution that the losses we report are conservative, because the land-cover change products do not capture degradation within natural ecosystems. Preventing widespread biodiversity losses and securing the benefits we derive from biodiversity requires slowing and preventing further habitat degradation and loss by using existing land-use planning and regulatory tools to their full potential.
Significance:

The loss of natural habitat resulting from human activities is the principal driver of biodiversity loss in terrestrial ecosystems in South Africa.
Monitoring trends and patterns of habitat loss at a national scale provides a basis for informed environmental decision-making and planning, thus equipping civil society and government to address habitat loss and protect biodiversity while also meeting key development and socio-economic needs.

Open data set:
https://doi.org/10.15493/SAEON.FYNBOS.10000011
La voix d’al-Niffarī dans _Kitāb al-tağalliyāt_ de Ğamāl al-Ġīṭānī
Authors: EL ALOUI Abdelaziz
Published: January 2021

La voix d’al-Niffarī est l’une des sources de l’intertextualité avec le texte soufi dans _Kitāb_ _al-tağalliyāt_ de Ğamāl al-Ġīṭānī. Elle contribue, à la fois, à l’agencement du cadre soufi fictif enveloppant la fable et à enrichir l’allure stylistique archaïsante de l’œuvre. Grâce à son image énigmatique dans l’histoire du soufisme et l’insondable mystère de son langage dans _al-Mawāqif_ (les Expériences), à la fois, profond et sévère, al-Niffarī sert d’un masque propice pour porter les contrastants souvenirs de l’expérience politique instable d’al-Ġīṭānī dans son projet autobiographique d’_al-Tağalliyāt._ Cette intertextualité témoigne, non seulement, de la dynamique du texte d’al-Niffarī et sa capacité de dire le moment présent avec sa complexité et ses inquiétudes, mais aussi d’une recherche critique profonde entamée par al-Ġīṭānī sur les textes littéraires soufis.
Questões de gênero associadas ao medo de dirigir
Authors: Fiuza William Macedo , Godoy Rossane Frizzo de
Published: January 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: O medo de dirigir é uma condição emocional que provoca significativo nível de sofrimento e limitação de possibilidades, estimando-se que ocorra predominantemente em mulheres. OBJETIVO: Discutir questões de gênero associadas ao medo de dirigir em mulheres. MÉTODO: Revisão narrativa da literatura, buscando-se integrar aspectos trazidos em publicações referentes a medo de dirigir e questões de gênero. Buscou-se como fontes livros, artigos e dissertações publicados entre 2010 e 2020, excluindo-se estudos que não correspondiam a questão norteadora de pesquisa ou que não fossem disponibilizados na íntegra. As bases de dados utilizadas foram: PsycINFO, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde em Psicologia, portal de periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, biblioteca pessoal dos pesquisadores e Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações. RESULTADOS: Entre os aspectos apontados na literatura que parecem contribuir para que o medo de dirigir seja mais comum e intenso em mulheres estão: papéis de gênero construídos socialmente, associação cultural de que o trânsito é um espaço masculino, percepção das mulheres de que seu desempenho como motorista está sendo constantemente avaliado, falta de estímulo por parte da família, ausência de um modelo de motorista feminino. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Questões culturais e sociais parecem estar associadas à manutenção do medo de dirigir em mulheres. Recomenda-se novos estudos com a temática para que se possa analisar diferentes percepções e vivências no trânsito relacionadas às questões de gênero.
Sirtuin 1 rs7069102 polymorphism is associated with diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Letonja Jernej , Završnik Matej , Makuc Jana , Šeruga Maja , Peterlin Ana , Cilenšek Ines , Petrovič Danijel
Published: January 2021

The global prevalence for diabetes mellitus nearly doubled from 4.7% in 1980 to 8.5% in 2014. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is an NAD+-dependent deacetylase that is expressed in a variety of tissues. It modifies proteins that participate in DNA repair, stress, and inflammatory response. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between SIRT1 rs7069102 polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with T2DM. In our retrospective association study, we included 724 Slovene (Caucasian) patients who have had T2DM for at least 10 years. We classified the participants into two groups, the first group was comprised of 301 patients with DN, and the second (control) group was comprised of 423 patients without DN. We analyzed the rs7069102 polymorphism using StepOne Real-Time PCR System and TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay. We found a statistically significant difference in the distribution of rs7069102 genotypes and alleles between the two groups. We used logistic regression analysis and adjusted for systolic pressure, arterial hypertension (AH), duration of AH, triglycerides, the value of HbA1c, carotid disease, diabetic foot, and DR.  Furthermore, we discovered that patients with the CC genotype are significantly more likely to develop DN according to both the codominant (OR = 1.94; 95% CI = 1.09 – 3.45; p = 0.02) and recessive (OR = 2.39; 95% CI = 1.12 – 5.08; p = 0.02) models of inheritance. We found a significant association between the SIRT1 rs7069102 polymorphism and DN in T2DM. We speculate that SIRT1 rs7069102 might be an interesting marker of DN.
Цифровая экономика: 2021
Authors: Абдрахманова Гульнара , Вишневский Константин , Гохберг Леонид , Демидкина Ольга , Демьянова Анна , Ковалева Галина , Коцемир Максим , Кузнецова Ирина , Левен Екатерина , Озерова Ольга , Полякова Валентина , Ратай Татьяна , Рыжикова Зинаида , Стрельцова Екатерина , Суслов Антон , Утятина Кристина , Фридлянова Светлана , Фурсов Константин , Шугаль Николай
Published: January 2021

В сборнике представлены статистические данные, отражающие уровень развития цифровой экономики в России. По ряду индикаторов приведены международные сопоставления. Материал сформирован на основе данных Минцифры России, Росстата, Банка России, Евростата, ОЭСР, Международного союза электросвязи (МСЭ), Конференции ООН по торговле и развитию (ЮНКТАД), Департамента экономического и социального развития ООН, Всемирной организации интеллектуальной собственности (ВОИС), базы данных Scopus, а также разработок Института статистических исследований и экономики знаний Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики» (ИСИЭЗ НИУ ВШЭ). В ряде случаев данные по отдельным показателям уточняют ранее опубликованные.
Наука. Технологии. Инновации: 2021
Authors: Гохберг Леонид , Дитковский Кирилл , Евневич Евгения , Коцемир Максим , Кузнецова Ирина , Мартынова Светлана , Нефедова Алёна , Полякова Валентина , Ратай Татьяна , Росовецкая Лариса , Рудь Виталий , Сагиева Галина , Стрельцова Екатерина , Суслов Антон , Тарасенко Ирина , Фридлянова Светлана , Фурсов Константин , Варзановцева Ирина
Published: January 2021

Краткий статистический сборник содержит основные показатели, характеризующие научный и инновационный потенциал Российской Федерации. Приводятся сведения о результативности исследований и разработок, данные международных сопоставлений. В сборнике использованы материалы Росстата, Минобрнауки России, Роспатента, ОЭСР, Евростата, ЮНЕСКО, ВОИС, национальных статистических служб зарубежных стран, а также разработки Института статистических исследований и экономики знаний Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики». Отдельные данные по итогам 2019 г. носят предварительный характер.
HuBMAP | GE/UPitt Cell DIVE™ Modality Overview v1
Authors: McDonough Liz
Published: January 2021

This is an overview of all protocols currently in use for the GE/UPitt Cell DIVE collaboration for the Human BioMolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP). It includes links to each of the individual protocols that make up this project workflow.
Fluorescent immunochemistry v1
Authors: Cras-Méneur Corentin
Published: January 2021

General fluorescent immunostaining protocol for paraffin sections
Supporting protocol for use-case 1: N-linked glycan m/z candidate detection in "M2aia - Interactive, fast and memory efficient analysis of 2D and 3D multi-modal mass spectrometry imaging data" v3
Authors: Cordes Jonas
Published: January 2021

An N-glycan MALDI-MSI dataset (treated and untreated sections) [1,2] is preprocessed in M²aia [3], resulting in an intermediate result in the form of a combined continuous centroid-imzML file. In this protocol, the M²aia-based processing steps are demonstrated. [1] Gustafsson et al. 2018; Data in Brief [2] Gustafsson et al. 2018: PRIDE repository; N-Glycane data set page [3] M²aia (RRID:SCR_019324): MSI applications for interactive analysis in MITK
Depuración de Aguas Residuales y uso De Aguas Regeneradas: Un Análisis Descriptivo del Caso de la Provincia de Jaén
Authors: Moral Pajares Encarnación , Gallego Valero Leticia , Garcia Moral Francisco , Roman Sánchez Isabel M.
Published: January 2021

En 1991 se aprueba la Directiva 91/271/CEE que exige que las aguas residuales urbanas de los países de la UE sean tratadas antes de ser vertidas, favoreciendo su reutilización. El análisis exploratorio realizado permite afirmar que veintiséis años después de la aprobación de esta norma continúan existiendo municipios en Europa que no tratan las aguas servidas o lo hacen de forma incorrecta. Una realidad que influye negativamente en el estado ecológico y químico de los recursos hídricos, los ecosistemas naturales y la biodiversidad. Jaén, una provincia del sur de España, con 64 centros urbanos obligados a depurar las aguas vertidas, presenta en 2017 un elevado déficit en capacidad de tratamiento, siendo prácticamente nulo el volumen de agua reutilizada. Una situación que influye sobre las condiciones del medio natural hídrico.
Hooking Consumers with Stories: Sequential Mediation Analyses On Ad Credibility and Purchase Intentions
Authors: ÇAM Mehmet Safa
Published: January 2021

The present study aims to compare two different advertising types that are known to have a significant role on advertising credibility and purchase intentions. The effects of narrative ads through being-hooked and of expert endorsement through internalization on the dependent variables were analyzed via empirical research design. The hypothesized model was tested with the sequential mediation analyses. Besides, the differences of mediator variables within the scope of ad credibility and buying intentions were investigated by conducting a series of t-tests. The subjects were exposed to one of the stimulus ad types composed of either story-based (n=128) or expert endorsement (n=124) advertising style. The results showed that both the direct effects of narrative advertising and the mediating effects of being-hooked significantly predicted the dependent variables. Although almost similar findings were reached for the expert endorsing and internalization, the mean scores remained behind the narrative ad type.
Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk Bağlamında Modada Geri Dönüşüm ve Sürdürülebilirlik: Göstergebilimsel Bir Analiz
Authors: TURANCI Eda
Published: January 2021

Tüketicilerin bilinç düzeyi, toplumsal farkındalıklar, artan çevresel hassasiyet, küresel
ölçekli krizler, kaynakların hızla tükenmesine bağlı olarak geri dönüşüm anlayışının
yaygınlaşması gibi unsurlar, kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk uygulamaları üzerinde etkili
olmuştur. Moda sektörü, hammadde ihtiyacının yoğun olduğu ve çevre üzerinde önemli
etkileri olan bir sektördür. Özellikle hazır giyim ve fast fashion (hızlı moda) endüstrisi,
bir yandan tüketimin devam etmesine hizmet ederken bir yandan da sektörde,
sürdürülebilirlik anlayışının yaygınlaştığı gözlemlenmektedir. Paradoksal bir ilişki
gibi görülebilecek olan bu durum, özellikle moda sektöründe çevresel hareketlerin ve
sosyal sorumluluk uygulamalarının artması ile kendini göstermektedir. Son yıllarda
dikkat çeken H&M “Kıyafet Toplama Programı-Modada Geri Dönüşüm” projesi, hem
tüketimin devamlılığı, hem de geri dönüşümün arttırılması açısından önemlidir.
Çalışmada H&M markasının geri dönüşüm kampanyasına ait iki kampanya (reklam) filmi,
göstergebilimsel yöntem aracılığıyla incelenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel sorunsalı
örneklem olarak seçilen filmlerde hangi göstergeler ile sosyal sorumluluk, geri dönüşüm,
çevresel duyarlılık ve sürdürülebilirlik anlayışının kodlandığını anlamaktır. Elde edilen
bulgular çerçevesinde filmlerde, doğaya ilişkin göstergelerin sıkça kullanıldığı, kullanılan
kıyafetlerin renk ve desenleriyle de bu göstergelerin desteklendiği, özgürlük, mutluluk,
eğlence gibi temalara sıkça yer verildiği sonuçlarına varılmıştır.
Social Media Usage of Non-Governmental Organizations: Red Cross Societies of the G7 Countries and the Turkish Red Crescent
Authors: GÖRKEMLİ Hayriye , DEMİR Eda
Published: January 2021

Nowadays, with the emergence of the internet concept and its continuous development, non-governmental organizations have started to use these channels to maintain their existence and to promote themselves. In this study, it is examined how non-governmental organizations in developed countries and Turkey use their Twitter accounts. The study covers a period of six months (from May 1 to October 31, 2019). The universe of this study consists of all Red Cross organizations in developed countries and the Turkish Red Crescent. The sample of the study consists of Germany, Italy, France, the USA, England, Japan, and Canada, which are G7 countries and hold the majority of global wealth. In the scope of the study, G7 countries and the Turkish Red Crescent will be compared. As a result of the review, it is reached that the Turkish Red Crescent ranks first in the number of posts on Twitter and uses visual icons like other Red Cross organizations in the study. Moreover, similar to other institutions, the Turkish Red Crescent does not go into time and day limitations in their posts. It can be said that all the NGOs under the study used this medium effectively; however, the biggest deficiency is that they are not successful in answering the comments for the posts.
Film Festivalleri ve Turizm İlişkisi: Belgesel Film Yönetmenleri Üzerine Bir Çalışma
Authors: TÜRTEN Burak
Published: January 2021

Yönetmenler gerek mesleki açıdan gerekse toplum içerisindeki konumları itibariyle
kitleleri yönlendirebilme ve etkileyebilme özelliğine sahiptir. Bu özelliklere sahip
olan yönetmenler film festivallerinin de önemli paydaşları arasındadır. Bu çalışmada,
yönetmenlerin bakış açısıyla turizm kapsamında destekleyici bir ürün olarak ele alınan
film festivallerinin düzenlendiği bölgeye ve bölge turizmine katkılarının tespit edilmesi
amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla yapılan çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış olup
veriler görüşme tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemi kolayda örnekleme
yöntemi ile en az 5 film festivaline davet edilmiş ve festival yönetimi tarafından
ağırlanmış 12 belgesel film yönetmeninden oluşmaktadır. Elde edilen veriler MAXQDA
2020 nitel analiz programı yöntemi ile içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Çalışma
neticesinde yönetmenlerin, turizm kapsamında destekleyici bir ürün olarak ele alınan
film festivallerinin düzenlendiği bölgeye ve bölge turizmine olası katkılarına ilişkin
vermiş oldukları cevaplar “ekonomik”, “sosyo-kültürel” ve “tanıtım/imaj” olmak üzere üç
tema altında toplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda film festivallerinin bölge
ve bölge turizmine yönelik ekonomik katkıları bölgede ziyaretçi sayısında artış yaratma,
sosyo kültürel katkıları bölgeye ait kültürel mirasın tanıtılması ve korunması, son olarak
imaj ve tanıtıma yönelik katkıları ise bölgenin ulusal ve uluslararası alanda bilinirliğinin
sağlanması üzerine yoğunlaştığı tespit edilmiştir.
Televizyon Haber Retoriğine Türk Kimliğinin Etkisi
Authors: SEYHAN Ahmet Selman , ZARARSIZ Ömer Faruk
Published: January 2021

Televizyon haber merkezi olayın haberleştirilmesi sırasında her bir seçme, eleme ve
mesleki uygulamada içinde yaşadıkları toplumun kültüründen ve kültürel kimliğinden
etkilenmektedir. Çünkü kültür, toplumların maddi ve manevi ürünlerinin toplamını ifade
eden, o toplumdaki insanların düşünce ve eylemlerine yön veren ahenkli bir değerler
bütünüdür. Bu sebeple haber merkezinde çalışan profesyonellerin haber ile ilgili
alacakları herhangi bir karar bu ahenkli bütünün bir parçası olacak ve izleyiciler ile ortak
bir bağı bulunacaktır. Televizyon haber merkezi, izleyicilerin haberdeki enformasyonlara
inanması için haber retoriğine başvurmaktadır. İnandırılmak istenen izleyicilerin
kültürel kimlikleri, haber retoriğinin şekillenmesinde de etkili olmaktadır. İzleyicilerin
nelerden hoşlanacağı, nelere değer verip neleri görmezden geleceği ya da neyi nasıl daha
iyi anlayacağı kültürel kimliklerinin bir yansıması olup haber retoriğinde bu seçenekler
göz önünde bulundurulmaktadır. Çalışmada Türk kültürel kimliğinin televizyon haber
retoriğine nasıl ve ne şekilde yansıdığının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bunun için
toplumun büyük kesimine hitap etmesi sebebiyle reyting oranlarında en çok izlenen beş
ana haber bülteninin 150 haber bülteni ve bu bültenlerdeki 2250 haber incelenmiştir.
Kültürün ve kimliğin etkilerini tespit edilebilmek için iletişimsel zihniyet analizi yöntemi
kullanılmıştır. İnceleme sonucunda Türk kimliği ile haber retoriği arasında anlamlı bir
ilişki olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
A Potential Friend Recommendation Algorithm for Obtaining Spatial Information
Authors:   School of Resource and Environmental and Sciences, Wuhan University, China, Zhang Hang , Cai Zhongliang
Published: January 2021

With the rapid development of social network, friend recommendation algorithm has become an important component of social application. Location-based social network (LBSN) enables users to record and share their locations anytime and anywhere, which is a high quality information source. In order to meet people's demand of expanding social circle and obtaining diversified spatial information when making friends, this paper proposes a potential friend recommendation algorithm based on the similarity of user's check-in behavior and spatial information acquisition level in the real world. Firstly, we employ kernel density estimation and time entropy to solve the problems of data sparsity and low concentration, then employ cosine distance to measure the check-in behavior similarity. Secondly, we analyze users’ spatial distribution of check-in location and cognitive differences on spatial information. Finally, the method mentioned above is tested with dataset called Foursquare. The results of the experiment show that the proposed method has competitive performance.