bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOSYAL POLİTİKA AÇISINDAN UGANDA İLE GANA’NIN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: DAL Süleyman
Published: December 2023

Toplumun tüm kesimlerini kapsayan sosyal politika özellikle yaşlı, engelli, kadın ve çocuk gibi kırılgan ve dışlanmış dezavantajlı grupları desteklemeyi ve güçlendirmeyi hedeflemektedir. Sosyal fayda sağlayarak muhatabını kamusal hayata dahil eden sosyal politika uygulamaları, ekonomik ve psikolojik açıdan da önem arz etmektedir. Uganda ile Gana’nın sosyal politika açısından karşılaştırılmasına odaklanan bu çalışma, sosyal politikanın önemli bir aktörü olarak ilgili bakanlıkları incelemektedir. Çalışmanın araştırma sorusu, ilgili ülkelerdeki sosyal harcamaların ve sosyal politika uygulamalarının hangi düzeyde olduğunu anlamaya çalışmaktır. Amaç, iki ülkenin sosyal politika kapsamında mukayese edilmesidir. Uganda Cinsiyet, Çalışma ve Sosyal Kalkınma Bakanlığı ile Gana Cinsiyet, Çocuk ve Sosyal Koruma Bakanlığı’nın ülkelerin yıllık toplam bütçedeki miktar ve oranları irdelenmektedir. Çalışmada, güçlü bir sosyal politika aktörü olarak devletin ilgili bakanlıklarının yaptığı sosyal harcama ve proje/programların kayda değer olduğu savunulmaktadır. Derleme olan bu çalışmada betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılarak veriler ele alınmıştır. Bu minvalde; ülkelerin yıllık toplam bütçesi ne kadardır, ilgili bakanlıkların toplam bütçedeki miktarı ve payı ne orandadır, yüksek bütçeli diğer bakanlıkların işaret ettiği olgu nedir sorularına cevap aranmaktadır. Bu amaçla; yapılan araştırma neticesinde ülkelerin yıllık bütçeleri ve sözü edilen bakanlıkların aldıkları pay ortaya konmuş, sosyal politika bağlamında hayata geçirilen bazı kanun ile programlar analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar; birkaç göstergeye bağlı kalınarak net bir neticeye ulaşılması güç olsa da, Uganda ve Gana’daki ilgili bakanlıkların yıllık toplam bütçeden aldıkları yüzdelik dilimin birbirine çok yakın olduğunu, fakat Gana’da sosyal harcamalara ayrılan miktarın daha yüksek olduğunu, ayrıca sosyal sektörün ve kalkınmanın Uganda’ya nazaran Gana’da daha çok önemsendiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışmanın, Afrika çerçevesinde literatüre katkı sağlaması, Uganda ve Gana özelinde çalışma yapacak araştırmacılara fayda sunması beklenmektedir.
SOSYAL HİZMET BÖLÜMÜ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN GÖÇMENLERE YÖNELİK TUTUMLARINA İLİŞKİN BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: DEMİREL Buket , ÇAMUR Gülsüm
Published: December 2023

Son yıllarda özellikle Orta Doğu ülkelerinden Türkiye’ye doğru yaşanan yoğun göç hareketliliği nedeniyle yerel halk ve göçmenler arasında sosyal uyum ve entegrasyon sorunları yaşanmaktadır. 2011 yılı itibari ile yoğunlaşan bu sürecin günümüzde de devam etmesi ve göçmenlerin misafirlik sürecinin kalıcı olarak değişmesiyle birlikte yerel halkın göçmenlere yönelik olumsuz tutumlarında artış meydana gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada yerel halkın bir parçası olan ve doğrudan göçmenlerle çalışma potansiyeli bulunan Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Sosyal Hizmet Bölümü öğrencilerinin göçmenlere yönelik tutumları araştırılmak istenmiştir. Bu amaçla çalışma kapsamında 232 Sosyal Hizmet Bölümü öğrencisine sosyodemografik özellikleri belirleyen bir anket formu ile Göçmenlere Yönelik Olumsuz Tutum Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. İlişkisel tarama modeliyle gerçekleştirilen araştırmanın sonucunda öğrencilerin göçmenlere yönelik tutumlarının olumsuz olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın temel bulguları özetlenecek olursa; birinci sınıfların olumsuz tutumları ikinci sınıflara göre daha yüksek, köy-kasaba gibi daha kırsal alanda yaşayanların olumsuz tutumları metropol-büyükşehirde yaşayanlara göre daha düşük, Türk kökenlilerin olumsuz tutumları Arap kökenlilerden daha yüksek, ailelerinde göç deneyimi olanlarda olumsuz tutum düzeyi daha düşük; çevrelerinde göçmen tanıdıkları olanların olumsuz tutumları daha düşük; göç ile ilgili hem ders alıp hem de bir etkinliğe katılan öğrencilerin olumsuz tutumları herhangi bir etkinliğe katılmayan öğrencilerden daha düşüktür.
DASAR-DASAR RESOLUSI KONFLIK DALAM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Safei Abdullah
Published: December 2023

Berpijak pada kondisi dan realita dinamika kehidupan sosial masyarakat, agama dijadikan alasan pembenaran, maka agama yang sudah pasti mengajarkan kedamaian dan ketenteraman, akan terasa tidak relevan lagi untuk dijadikan pedoman. Terjadinya ketidakharmonisan dalam masyarakat yang memeluk agama, disebabkan ajaran agama tidak diamalkan sebagaimana mestinya. Agama dipinggirkan.  Di samping itu, tidak dapat diingkari bahwa ada di antara umat beragama, pemahamannya terhadap agama yang dipeluknya masih sebatas pemahaman parsial dan pengakuan yang sangat emosional. Masyarakat dunia dewasa ini, sedang bergelut dengan sejumlah problematika yang ditimbulkan dari pemikiran modernisasi, yaitu semakin menipisnya dan dangkalnya penghayatan dan pengamalan ajaran agama. Hal ini, memunculkan problema baru, yakni lahirnya berbagai krisis, di antaranya kemerosotan nilia-nilai moral, berkembangnya gaya hidup korup, menipisnya kekuatan hukum, tidak tegaknya kejujuran dan keadilan serta terkoyaknya perdamaian, kesatuan, dan integrasi sosial.
RIWAYAT HIDUP CLEMENS DAN PANDANGAN IMANNYA BAGI ORANG KRISTEN PADA MASA KEKAISARAN ROMAWI
Authors: Mateus Agus Joko
Published: December 2023

Sesungguhnya ada banyak pribadi-pribadi yang dapat dijadikansebagai panutan, khususnya bapak-bapak gereja kuno. Dan adabeberapa pribadi yang tidak begitu popular namanya dalam sejarahgereja, tetapi memiliki iman yang kokoh dalam pengiringannyakepada Kristus, walaupun melalui proses yang panjang untukmengenal secara pribadi kepada-Nya. Pribadi itu tidak lain adalahKlemens rekan kerja rasul Paulus. Yang memberitakan Injilkebeberapa daerah di Palestina dan Aleksandria, yang akhirnyamenjabat sebagai seorang uskup. Klemens menjadi bapak gerejaapostolik, walaupun para sarjana modern kurang menyetujuinya,oleh karena kurang popular. Dan pada bagian makalah ini,memberikan bukti-bukti tentang siapakah Klemens.
Görüntü İçeriği Sınıflandırmasında Yapay Zekanın Rolü ve Uygulamaları
Authors: ÖZDAL Mehmet Akif
Published: December 2023

Bu çalışma, yapay zekanın Görüntü içerikli sınıflandırmada oynadığı rolü ve çeşitli sektörlerdeki uygulamalarını sistemli bir yaklaşımla incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Literatür taraması ve mantıksal akıl yürütme yöntemlerini birleştirerek yapılan bu araştırma, yapay zekanın Görüntü içerikli sınıflandırmadaki potansiyelini daha iyi anlamayı hedeflemektedir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın amacı, yapay zekanın Görüntü içerikli sınıflandırmadaki rolünü vurgulamak ve bu teknolojinin tıp, güvenlik, otomotiv, eğitim ve sanat gibi farklı alanlardaki uygulamalarını açıklamaktır. Literatür taraması ve mantıksal akıl yürütme yöntemleri kullanılarak elde edilen sonuçlar, yapay zekanın Görüntü içerikli sınıflandırmadaki etkisini ve gelecekteki potansiyelini anlamamızı sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, yapay zekanın Görüntü içerikli sınıflandırmadaki önemini vurgulayarak, ilgili alanlarda daha etkili ve verimli çözümler sunma konusundaki yönlendirmelere katkıda bulunmaktadır.
Begteginliler Atabegi Muzafferüddin Kökböri’ye Ait Bakır Sikke Örneklerine Genel Bir Bakış
Authors: GÜNAY Emre , GÖKÇE Rahime
Published: December 2023

Bu çalışma, Amerikan Nümismatik Derneği ve Zeno.ru envanterinde yer alan Begteginliler atabegi Muzafferüddin Kökböri’ye ait dört bakır sikkenin numizmatik bilimi açısından irdelenmesini amaçlanmaktadır. Begteginliler, M.1144-M.1232 yılları arasında Erbil, Şehrizor, Hakkari, Tikrik, Sincar, Harran ve çevresinde hüküm süren Türk atabegliğidir. Beylik adını kurucusu Zeynüddin Ali Küçük’ün babası Begtegin’den almıştır. Beyliğin diğer adı merkez şehrinin Erbil olması dolayısıyla Erbil Atabegliği olarak da zikredilmektedir. Kaynakların “Türk”, “Türki”, “Türkman” ve “Türkmani” olarak adlandırdığı Begteginliler’in kökeni hakkında mevcut bilgiler Zeynüddin Ali Küçük’ün babasının Begtegin olduğundan ileri gitmemektedir. Çalışma kapsamında İslam sikkeleri içerisinde oldukça nadir bulunan Begteginli hükümdarı Muzafferüddin Kökböri’ye ait dört bakır sikke incelenmiştir. Çekiç ile dövme tekniğiyle darp edilen sikkelerin çap ve ağırlık ölçüleri birbirinden farklılık göstermektedir. Sikkelerde bulunan metinlerin tamamı kufi karakterli Arap alfabesiyle yazılmıştır. Metin içeriklerinin büyük çoğunluğu sikkeye kimlik kazandıran darp bilgilerinden oluşmaktadır. Sikkelerinin üç tanesinde darp yerlerinin ve darp tarihlerinin yazıldığı görülmektedir. Darp bilgileri ile birlikte sikkeler üzerine sikkeyi darp ettiren Muzafferüddin Kökböri’nin, Eyyübi hükümdarı Selahaddin Eyyüb’ün, Abbasi halifesi Nasır Lidinillah’ın ve halife varisi Zahir Biemrillah’ın adları ve unvanları yazılmıştır. Ayrıca sikkelerde dini karakter kazandıran besmele ve Kelime-i Tevhid gibi ibareler de mevcuttur. Sikkelerin tamamında görülen geometrik bezemeler, İslami sikkeler üzerinde gelenekselmiş formları takip etmektedir. Geometrik formlar, düz hatlı veya inci dizili konturdan meydana gelmektedir. Sikkelerde geometrik düzenlemelerin yanı sıra figürlü tasvirlerin kullanımıda dikkat çekmektedir. Sikkelerin üzerinde görülen bezemeler, Orta Çağ’da Irak, Suriye ve Anadolu’da hüküm süren Türk devletlerin sikkeleriylede yoğun bezerlikler taşımaktadır. Bu durumun belirleyici etkenlerinin başında siyasi bağlantıların, ticari ilişkilerin ve kültürel etkileşimlerin olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Muzafferüddin Kökböri’nin darp ettirdiği bakır sikkeler, Begteginliler atabeğliginin siyasi statüsü ve ekonomik durumu hakkında genel bilgiler vermektedir. Ayrıca Begteginlilere ait sanat eserlerinin neredeyse tamamına yakınının günümüze ulaşmadığı düşünüldüğünde bu sikkeler, beyliğin sanat ve estetik anlayışı hakkında, kısmi verileri ortaya koymaktadır.
The Efficiency of First Trimester Screening Test: A Retrospective Study in a Referral Center in Turkey
Authors: Öcal Fatma Doğa , Soysal Çağanay , Özdemir Oğuz , Yılmaz Elif
Published: December 2023

Objective: To investigate the effectivity of first trimester screening test applied in in a referral center in Ankara, Turkey.
Materials and Methods: The records of 2015 patients who underwent the first trimester screening test between January 2016 and December 2017 were retrospectively screened. We did not take the patients who does not postpartum newborn examination, whose pregnancies resulted as abortion and who did not sustain the routine pregnancy control visits. Invasive diagnostic test was recommended to patients who has high-risk test results. Amniocentesis was applied to the patients who accepted the procedure. We reached the newborn examination results of the patients who did not have amniocentesis result. Amniocentesis was recorded with the patient's new registrar record. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated according to biochemical and combined risks respectively.
Results: According to the combined risk of first trimester screening test, the sensitivity was 80%, specificity was 95.9%, positive predictive value was 6,25% and negative predictive value was 99,9%. Sensitivity was determined as 60%, specificity 88.6%, positive predictive value 1.7% and negative predictive value 99.9% according to biochemical risk.
Conclusions: The first trimester screening test is an effective prenatal test for the detection of chromosomal anomalies. Adding NT measurement to biochemical parameters increases the efficiency of the test significantly.
ÇİN’İN KÜRESEL YÜKSELİŞİNİN ORTA ASYA TÜRK CUMHURİYETLERİNE ETKİSİ: ENERJİ POLİTİKASI
Authors: Kenzhetay Nazgül
Published: December 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin 1978’den günümüze enerji politikalarını ve özelde de bu değişen enerji politikalarında Orta Asya’nın rolünü incelemektir. Günümüzde Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti dünyanın en büyük üretim kapasitesine sahip olan ülkesi konumundadır. Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’ni bu konumuna getiren süreç 1978’yılında Deng Xiaoping’in yönetimi ele geçirmesi ve bir dizi reformları uygulamasıyla başlamıştır. Bu uygulanan politikalar kapsamında Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin üretim kapasitesi kontrolden çıkamaya başlamış ve bu üretim kapasitesinin gerektirdiği enerji kaynakları ülke sınırları içerisinde olan kaynakları üstelemeye başlamıştır. Bunun doğal sonucu olarak Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti enerji kaynaklarına ilişkin politikalar geliştirmeye başlamış ve bu de ister bölge ülkeleriyle isterse de tüm dünya siyasetine aktif bir ilişkiyi zorunlu kılmıştır. Zira enerji politikalarının en önemli unsurları enerji kaynaklarına ulaşmak ve bu enerji kaynaklarından faydalanmanın sürekliliğinin sağlanmasıdır. Bu bağlamda Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin kuruluşunda egemen olan siyasi ve ekonomik politikalar da değişim göstermiştir.
RUSSIAN FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS AFRICA: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
Authors: Goumıdı Amıra
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this research is to give a thorough analysis of Russian foreign policy toward Africa by investigating the historical context and future possibilities of this engagement. It will examine the origins of Russian participation in Africa, the causes that have led to its revival, the attitude of Western nations, and the current state of Russian-African relations. The research will also analyze the constraints of Russian participation in Africa, as well as prospects for further cooperation and collaboration on mutually beneficial subjects. The research will help us comprehend world politics and international relations in the twenty-first century.
GATE OXIDES OF VARIOUS THICKNESSES FORMATION USING ISSG OXIDATION, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Chernyaev M.V. , Gorokhov S.A. , Patyukov S.I. , Rezvanov A.A.
Published: December 2023

To improve the functionality of state-of-the-art integrated circuits, it is often necessary to create gate oxides of various thicknesses on a single chip. Currently, double oxidation is used for this purpose: a thick dielectric is created as a result of two oxidation processes, and a thin dielectric – only one. In this paper, the formation of dual gate oxide using pyrogenic oxidation and ISSG (in situ steamgeneration) is investigated. It is shown that ISSG oxidation during the creation of the 2nd oxide has a negligible effect on the thickness of the 1st thick oxide compared with pyrogenic oxidation, which is explained by the kinetics of radical oxidation of silicon.
Empowering Users with An Intuitive Web App for Air Compressor Troubleshooting and Optimization
Authors: N. Baggyalakshmi , B.C. Danuja , R. Revathi
Published: December 2023

An E-Support system is an online system that provides users with support and assistance for various products or services. These systems are available 24/7, which means that customers can get the help they need at any time. The project is to implement and help people through online by developing an online website for compressor. This can be accessed online from any part of the world. It is a user - friendly website and was developed in visual studio code using java script, html and css. The app can provide step-by-step guidance to diagnose and resolve air compressor issues quickly. Users can avoid spending hours searching for solutions online or flipping through manuals, which saves valuable time and reduces downtime for their equipment. Quick problem identification and resolution mean less downtime for the air compressor. In industrial or commercial settings, minimizing equipment downtime is crucial for maintaining productivity and meeting deadlines. The customers can use this user-friendly website for checking compressors. The main objective of this web app is to provide users with a user-friendly, efficient, and effective tool for diagnosing and resolving issues related to air compressors. The app aims to help users quickly identify the root cause of problems and offer appropriate solutions to restore the compressor's functionality.
Molecular characteristics of early‐onset pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Debernardi Silvana , Liszka Lukasz , Ntala Chara , Steiger Katja , Esposito Irene , Carlotti Emanuela , Baker Ann‐Marie , McDonald Stuart , Graham Trevor , Dmitrovic Branko , Feakins Roger M. , Crnogorac‐Jurcevic Tatjana
Published: December 2023

The median age of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) at diagnosis is 71 years; however, around 10% present with early‐onset pancreatic cancer (EOPC), i.e., before age 50. The molecular mechanisms underlying such an early onset are unknown. We assessed the role of common PDAC drivers (KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A and SMAD4) and determined their mutational status and protein expression in 90 formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissues, including multiple primary and matched metastases, from 37 EOPC patients. KRAS was mutated in 88% of patients; p53 was altered in 94%, and p16 and SMAD4 were lost in 86% and 71% of patients, respectively. Meta‐synthesis showed a higher rate of p53 alterations in EOPC than in late‐onset PDAC (94% vs. 69%, P = 0.0009) and significantly higher loss of SMAD4 (71% vs. 44%, P = 0.0025). The majority of EOPC patients accumulated aberrations in all four drivers; in addition, high tumour heterogeneity was observed across all tissues. The cumulative effect of an exceptionally high rate of alterations in all common PDAC driver genes combined with high tumour heterogeneity suggests an important mechanism underlying the early onset of PDAC.
First report of a Kudoa lutjanus outbreak in farmed Chicken Grunts Parapristipoma trilineatum
Authors: Cheng Li-Wu , Lee Hsien-Chung , Yan Wei-Xiao , Tseng Yu-Han , Huang Wen-Rou , Wang Pei-Chi , Chen Shih-Chu
Published: December 2023

Objective

As part of the National Disease Surveillance Program for Taiwanese Aquaculture, we investigated the causative agent of disease outbreaks in farmed Chicken Grunts Parapristipoma trilineatum.

Methods

In this study, outbreak cases on two separate farms were noticed in coastal Pingtung County, Taiwan. In total, 50 juvenile fish showing clinical signs (such as emaciation and erratic swimming behavior) and broodstock (two females and two males) from both farms were collected to perform gross lesion assessment, histopathological examination, and molecular identification of the pathogen.

Result

Clinical symptoms were infected fish exhibited erratic swimming behavior, such as whirling and floating on the surface of the water. In the following months, cumulative mortality had reached 19% and 24%, respectively. The gross lesions in the infected fish included white oval cysts in the muscle, serosa of the internal organs, sclera of the eyes, and cerebral meninges. After conducting a wet mount examination of cysts using a light microscope, we observed a significant quantity of spores with morphological characteristics, suggesting their affiliation with the Myxosporea group. The spores were semiquadrate, with four tiny suture notches at the periphery; the mean spore length was 7.3 μm (SD = 0.5), and the mean spore width was 8.2 μm (SD = 0.6). The mean length and width of the pyriform polar capsules (nematocysts) were 3.6 μm (SD = 0.5) and 2.2 μm (SD = 0.5), respectively. The 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA sequences of these specimens were identical to those of Kudoa lutjanus.

Conclusion

As this was the first time an outbreak of K. lutjanus in Chicken Grunts was confirmed, its reappearance with substantial mortality should serve as a warning to the aquaculture industry.
One‐Stop Hybrid Printing of Bulk Metal and Polymer for 3D Electronics
Authors: Khan Zeba , Koltay Peter , Zengerle Roland , Kartmann Sabrina , Shu Zhe
Published: December 2023

Additive manufacturing (AM), so‐called 3D printing, has reshaped manufacturing technologies with attractive alternatives to the traditional centralized, subtractive‐based mass production. Further functionalities like multimaterial AM (MMAM) are essential for mainstream manufacturing. With MMAM of electrical traces, the traditional printed circuit board can be transformed to freeform 3D electronics using the entire volumetric space. Although research groups attempt MMAM for freeform 3D electronics, achieving easy integration of the electrical traces with high conductance into dielectric substrates in a streamlined and simplified process remains challenging. Herein, an in‐house developed printer, named Synkròtima, is demonstrated for one‐stop printing of 3D dielectric parts with fully embedded and structured conductive features via drop‐on‐demand printing of molten metal for the first time. Printed traces show 12 times lower electrical resistance of at 230 μm linewidth than the lines from conductive inks. Printed traces with 100 μm dot spacing reveal exemplary shape fidelity with a standard deviation of only 7 μm. Quantitative estimation of adhesion of metal traces to dielectric reveals a mean shear‐off force of 7.20 N which is half of what is obtained for reflow soldered electronics. Demonstrators with embedded functional electrical circuits, directly interconnected components, and 3D out‐of‐plane metal structures are printed via Synkròtima.
Anion‐Dependent Layered Double Hydroxide Nanoparticles Regulate Differentiation of CD206+ CX3CR1+ Macrophages by Inhibiting the IL‐17 Signaling Pathway Contributing to Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Niu Jintong , Guo Yang , Jing Guoxin , Wang Hong , Yang Li , Li Youyuan , Gao Yi , Wang Huichao , Li Ang , Xu Xiaorong , Qian Yechang , Fei Jian , Wang Shilong
Published: December 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and destructive autoimmune disease that has created a global burden. However, the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of IBD remain difficult problems to overcome. The anti‐inflammatory action of anion‐dependent layered double hydroxide (LDH) is evaluated in IBD. Raw264.7 macrophages induced by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced low levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines after LDH treatment. The results from dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced murine colitis models show that LDHs significantly reduce pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the colon tissue and inhibit colon atrophy. Most importantly, LDH with NO3− as the interlayer anion (LDH‐NO3−) demonstrates superior anti‐inflammatory ability compared to LDH with Cl− as the interlayer anion (LDH‐Cl−), both in vitro and in vivo. LDH‐NO3− promotes the differentiation of CD206+CX3CR1+ lamina propria macrophages, reduces the abundance of T helper 17 (Th17) cells, and inhibits the activation of the IL‐17 signaling pathway. LDH‐NO3− also limits the pro‐inflammatory effects of IL‐17A on macrophages, and the anti‐inflammatory effects of LDH‐NO3− are reversed by IL‐17RA‐siRNA. Suggesting that LDH effectively inhibits the inflammatory reaction induced by the interaction between macrophages and Th17 cells. This study demonstrates that LDH‐NO3− is a drug‐free nanomedicine that acts against IBD, providing application prospects for LDH‐NO3− in IBD treatment.
Programmable Matter with Free and High‐Resolution Transfiguration and Locomotion
Authors: Kaya Kerem , Kravberg Alexander , Scarpellini Claudia , Iseri Emre , Kragic Danica , van der Wijngaart Wouter
Published: December 2023

“hot flow in the cold changes shape in a dead world comes matter to life”

Programmable matter that allows free shape transfiguration and locomotion on command promises ubiquitous access to objects or functions of interest. Current approaches for the autonomous reshaping of solid objects (smart materials, soft actuators, modular robotics) are limited in spatial resolution and shape. Solid‐liquid phase change pumping as a mechanism for the contactless transfiguring and locomotion of solid objects is introduced. Thin objects are deformed into any intended shape with sub‐millimeter resolution and the ability to freely change their topology is demonstrated, including adding or removing holes, splitting and merging. The unique locomotion of objects through millimeter‐sized constrictions narrower than their body size is demonstrated, followed by restoring the original shape. This approach opens up avenues for developing autonomous programmable matter with free shape transfiguration.
Abundant Lithiophilic VO2/V8C7 Heterostructures Boost Charge Transfer toward High‐Rate Lithium Storage
Authors: Gao Yinhong , Nan Xu , Zhao Rong , Sun Bing , Xu Wenli , Li Qiqi , Cong Ye , Li Yanjun , Lv Wei , Zhang Qin , Li Xuanke , Yang Nianjun
Published: December 2023

The construction of a heterogeneous structure on an electrode can enhance its absorption energy, thereby improving ionic diffusion and reaction kinetics. Herein, hyperdispersed VO2/V8C7 nano‐heterostructures anchored on carbon nanofibers (VO2/V8C7@CNF), which are further utilized as a lithium anode are successfully developed. The self‐supported VO2/V8C7@CNF electrode features a synergistic effect, resulting from its well‐dispersed nano‐heterostructure, induced hetero‐interfacial electric field, and conspicuous lithiophilicity. This anode thus facilitates rapid Li+ ions diffusion and charge transfer, resulting in high‐rate performance and uniform Li deposition. It exhibits a reversible specific capacity of as high as 674.8 mA h g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 and maintains a high‐rate capability of 205.3 mA h g−1 at a current density of as high as 5.0 A g−1 even after undergoing 1000 charge/discharge cycles. The Li‐ion nucleation overpotential on this anode is significantly reduced to 27 mV. The hyperdispersed nano‐heterostructure strategy offers a universal blueprint for the fabrication of high‐performance anodes not only for lithium and other batteries.
Critical Roles of Chalcogenide Anion on Strengthening Stability of Ni2Mo6Te8 for Almost Exclusive Electrocatalysts Nitrate to Ammonia Conversion
Authors: Xia Fan , Li Bomin , Liu Yiqi , Tan Haiyan , An Bowen , Gao Siyuan , Marks Tobin J. , Cheng Yingwen
Published: December 2023

Electrochemical hydrogenation of nitrate to ammonia using renewable electricity is a promising route for sustainability but lacks catalysts that can deliver balanced selectivity, activity, and durability. Here, a new family of noble metal‐free and high‐performing Chevrel phase Ni2Mo6T8 (T = S, Se, and Te) catalysts that have similar structural and textural properties and differ presumably only in chalcogenide anion is systematically studied. The side‐by‐side comparisons allow the uncovering of the critical roles of chalcogenide anions in impacting kinetic activities and long‐term durability. The incorporation of anions with larger size and smaller electronegativity from sulfide to selenide and telluride invokes stronger inhibition of the otherwise competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and steers the hydrogenation toward the selective formation of ammonia, thus improving both Faradic selectivity and the turnover frequency to high levels of 99.4% and 21.5 s−1, respectively, on the Ni2Mo6Te8 catalyst. More significantly, the bulkier anion in the Ni2Mo6T8 catalyst kinetically inhibited the intercalation of electrolyte cations, a major degradation mechanism in the catalyst family examined here and delivered several times improved durability. Therefore, this study introduces novel active motifs for selective nitrate reduction and provides insights into the catalyst degradation mechanism and practical ways to improve durability.
Overcoming the Trade‐off Between Efficient Electrochemical Doping and High State Retention in Electrolyte‐Gated Organic Synaptic Transistors
Authors: Sung Min‐Jun , Seo Dae‐Gyo , Kim Jingwan , Baek Ho Eon , Go Gyeong‐Tak , Woo Seung‐Je , Kim Kwan‐Nyeong , Yang Hoichang , Kim Yun‐Hi , Lee Tae‐Woo
Published: December 2023

To achieve superior device performance such as low threshold voltage Vth, high maximum on‐current Ion,max, and long retention time in electrolyte‐gated organic synaptic transistors, efficient electrochemical doping and high state retention are essential. However, these characteristics generally show a trade‐off relationship. This work introduces an effective strategy to increase retention time while promoting efficient electrochemical doping. The approach involves blending two polymer semiconductors (PSCs) that have the same backbone but different types of side chains. Polymer synaptic transistors (PSTs) with the blend film showed the lowest Vth, highest Ion,max, longest retention time, and superior cyclic stability compared to PSTs that used films containing only one of the PSCs. The improvement in electrical and synaptic properties achieved through the blend strategy is consistently reproducible and comprehensive. It is attributed this improvement to the increased redox activity and constrained morphological changes observed in the blended PSCs during electrochemical doping, as confirmed by several electrochemical characterizations. This work is the first to increase retention time in PSTs without increasing the crystallinity of polymer film or sacrificing the electrochemical doping efficiency, which has been regarded as an unavoidable compromise in this field. This method provides an effective way to tune synaptic properties for various neuromorphic applications.
A Low‐Temperature Carbonization Strategy for Efficient Viscous Crude Oil Spill Disposal without Hydrophobic Coating: CoFe‐PBA‐Catalyzed Carbonization of Superhydrophobic Flame Retardant Melamine Sponge
Authors: Guan Haocun , Lian Richeng , Li Rongjia , Zhu Jianhao , Zhao Zexuan , Liu Lei , Chen Xilei , Jiao Chuanmei , Kuang Shaoping
Published: December 2023

Due to the difficulty of absorbing viscous crude oil, there is an urgent need for carbon sponges with excellent photothermal properties and oil‐water separation capabilities to reduce viscosity and facilitate oil absorption. However, the preparation of high‐temperature carbonization leads to poor mechanical properties, low absorption capacity, and stringent preparation conditions. To solve these challenges, a highly hydrophobic flame‐retardant melamine sponge (CPBA@CMS) is designed by assembling sponge at the interface of cobalt–iron Prussian blue (CoFe‐PBA) derived from metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and conducting low‐temperature catalytic carbonization under nitrogen. The results demonstrate that CPBA@CMS exhibits excellent superhydrophobic properties (water contact angle = 169.7°) and oil absorption capacity (80.7–219.5 g g−1). Furthermore, CPBA@CMS displays remarkable photothermal effects and thermal conductivity, making it adaptable to various environmental conditions. It can rapidly rise to 141 °C under 1 kW m−2 solar irradiation, with the maximum oil absorption rate reaching 98% and the highest oil absorption capacity at 105.5 g g−1. Additionally, CPBA@CMS shows significant fire safety performance, reducing heat release rate by 84.2%, smoke factor by 97.5%, and CO release rate by 81.4%, respectively. It provides an efficient, safe, and sustainable practical solution for effectively addressing spills of crude oil.
Recent Advances in Hybrid Seawater Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Yu Zhipeng , Liu Lifeng
Published: December 2023

Seawater electrolysis (SWE) is a promising and potentially cost‐effective approach to hydrogen production, considering that seawater is vastly abundant and SWE is able to combine with offshore renewables producing green hydrogen. However, SWE has long been suffering from technical challenges including the high energy demand and interference of chlorine chemistry, leading electrolyzers to a low efficiency and short lifespan. In this context, hybrid SWE, operated by replacing the energy‐demanding oxygen evolution reaction and interfering chlorine evolution reaction (CER) with a thermodynamically more favorable anodic oxidation reaction (AOR) or by designing innovative electrolyzer cells, has recently emerged as a better alternative, which not only allows SWE to occur in a safe and energy‐saving manner without the notorious CER, but also enables co‐production of value‐added chemicals or elimination of environmental pollutants. This review provides a first account of recent advances in hybrid SWE for hydrogen production. The substitutional AOR of various small molecules or redox mediators, in couple with hydrogen evolution from seawater, is comprehensively summarized. Moreover, how the electrolyzer cell design helps in hybrid SWE is briefly discussed. Last, the current challenges and future outlook about the development of the hybrid SWE technology are outlined.
Vapor‐Phase Synthesis of Electrocatalytic Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Mohamed Syed Ibrahim Gnani Peer , Namvar Shahriar , Zhang Tan , Shahbazi Hessam , Jiang Zhen , Rappe Andrew M. , Salehi‐Khojin Amin , Nejati Siamak
Published: December 2023

The inability to process many covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as thin films plagues their widespread utilization. Herein, a vapor‐phase pathway for the bottom‐up synthesis of a class of porphyrin‐based COFs is presented. This approach allows integrating electrocatalysts made of metal‐ion‐containing COFs into the electrodes’ architectures in a single‐step synthesis and deposition. By precisely controlling the metal sites at the atomic level, remarkable electrocatalytic performance is achieved, resulting in unprecedentedly high mass activity values. How the choice of metal atoms, i.e., cobalt and copper, can determine the catalytic activities of POR‐COFs is demonstrated. The theoretical data proves that the Cu site is highly active for nitrate conversion to ammonia on the synthesized COFs.
Multiscale Bioresponses of Metal Nanoclusters
Authors: Shi Yujia , Wu Zhennan , Qi Manlin , Liu Chengyu , Dong Weinan , Sun Wenyue , Wang Xue , Jiang Feng , Zhong Yuan , Nan Di , Zhang Yu , Li Chunyan , Wang Lin , Bai Xue
Published: December 2023

Metal nanoclusters (NCs) are well‐recognized novel nano‐agents that hold great promise for applications in nanomedicine because of their ultrafine size, low toxicity, and high renal clearance. As foreign substances, however, an in‐depth understanding of the bioresponses to metal NCs is necessary but is still far from being realized. Herein, this review is deployed to summarize the biofates of metal NCs at various biological levels, emphasizing their multiscale bioresponses at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. In the parts‐to‐whole schema, the interactions between biomolecules and metal NCs are discussed, presenting typical protein‐dictated nano–bio interfaces, hierarchical structures, and in vivo trajectories. Then, the accumulation, internalization, and metabolic evolution of metal NCs in the cellular environment and as‐imparted theranostic functionalization are demonstrated. The organismal metabolism and transportation processes of the metal NCs are subsequently distilled. Finally, this review ends with the conclusions and perspectives on the outstanding issues of metal NC‐mediated bioresponses in the near future. This review is expected to provide inspiration for tailoring the customization of metal NC‐based nano‐agents to meet practical requirements in different sectors of nanomedicine.
Cross‐Wired Memristive Crossbar Array for Effective Graph Data Analysis
Authors: Jang Yoon Ho , Han Janguk , Shim Sung Keun , Cheong Sunwoo , Lee Soo Hyung , Han Joon‐Kyu , Hwang Cheol Seong
Published: December 2023

Graphs adequately represent the enormous interconnections among numerous entities in big data, incurring high computational costs in analyzing them with conventional hardware. Physical graph representation (PGR) is an approach that replicates the graph within a physical system, allowing for efficient analysis. This study introduces a cross‐wired crossbar array (cwCBA), uniquely connecting diagonal and non‐diagonal components in a CBA by a cross‐wiring process. The cross‐wired diagonal cells enable cwCBA to achieve precise PGR and dynamic node state control. For this purpose, a cwCBA is fabricated using Pt/Ta2O5/HfO2/TiN (PTHT) memristor with high on/off and self‐rectifying characteristics. The structural and device benefits of PTHT cwCBA for enhanced PGR precision are highlighted, and the practical efficacy is demonstrated for two applications. First, it executes a dynamic path‐finding algorithm, identifying the shortest paths in a dynamic graph. PTHT cwCBA shows a more accurate inferred distance and ≈1/3800 lower processing complexity than the conventional method. Second, it analyzes the protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks containing self‐interacting proteins, which possess intricate characteristics compared to typical graphs. The PPI prediction results exhibit an average of 30.5% and 21.3% improvement in area under the curve and F1‐score, respectively, compared to existing algorithms.
Delineating the Impact of Transition‐Metal Crossover on Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase Formation with Ion Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Sim Richard , Su Laisuo , Dolocan Andrei , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: December 2023

Lithium‐metal batteries (LMB) employing cobalt‐free layered‐oxide cathodes are a sustainable path forward to achieving high energy densities, but these cathodes exhibit substantial transition‐metal dissolution during high‐voltage cycling. While transition‐metal crossover is recognized to disrupt solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation on graphite anodes, experimental evidence is necessary to demonstrate this for lithium‐metal anodes. In this work, advanced high‐resolution 3D chemical analysis is conducted with time‐of‐flight secondary‐ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) to establish spatial correlations between the transition metals and electrolyte decomposition products found on cycled lithium‐metal anodes. Insights into the localization of various chemistries linked to crucial processes that define LMB performance, such as lithium deposition, SEI growth, and transition‐metal deposition are deduced from a precise elemental and spatial analysis of the SEI. Heterogenous transition‐metal deposition is found to perpetuate both heterogeneous SEI growth and lithium deposition on lithium‐metal anodes. These correlations are confirmed across various lithium‐metal anodes that are cycled with different cobalt‐free cathodes and electrolytes. An advanced electrolyte that is stable to higher voltages is shown to minimize transition‐metal crossover and its effects on lithium‐metal anodes. Overall, these results highlight the importance of maintaining uniform SEI coverage on lithium‐metal anodes, which is disrupted by transition‐metal crossover during operation at high voltages.
Polydopamine‐Enabled Biomimetic Surface Engineering of Materials: New Insights and Promising Applications
Authors: Saraf Mohit , Prateek  , Ranjan Rahul , Balasubramaniam Bhuvaneshwari , Thakur Vijay Kumar , Gupta Raju Kumar
Published: December 2023

Surface modification is an important approach to modify the properties of materials. Numerous approaches have been adopted to tailor the properties of such materials, which have been proven successful at many scales and parameters. However, most of these techniques are often tedious, poorly adhesive, costly, sometimes hazardous, and surface‐specific, hence cannot be extended on a large scale and all kinds of surfaces. These shortcomings have led to the emergence of new dopamine (DA) based green surface modification technique where a thin polydopamine (PDA) layer is deposited on surfaces through a facile polymerization of DA under alkaline conditions to enable the surface for various applications. This surface modification strategy has several advantages over other techniques in deposition processing under mild conditions, cost‐effective and straightforward ingredients, and applicability to all kinds of surfaces regardless of their sizes, shapes, and types. Moreover, the PDA layer enhances the surface functionality. Therefore, it can serve as a versatile platform for various secondary reactions for a wide range of applications. Herein, the chemistry of DA is summarized and its polymerized form PDA for the modification of different families of materials’ surfaces with an emphasis on energy, environmental and biological applications.
High Brightness Electroluminescence of Non‐Carrier‐Injection QLEDs with Precise Layer Processing by Spontaneous Spreading Method
Authors: Zhao Zebang , Liu Heng , Yao Yanyue , Song Dandan , Xu Zheng , Qiao Bo , Wu Chaoxing , Swelm Wageh , Al‐Ghamdi Ahmed , Zhao Suling
Published: December 2023

The luminescent properties and mechanisms of non‐carrier injection (NCI) mode quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) are explored in this work. The intermediate insulator electric layer, Poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene‐chlorofluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE‐CFE)), effectively blocks carrier injection from the electrodes. Carriers for radiative recombination in the quantum dot (QD) layer are generated by the corresponding carrier generation complex layer under an AC electric field. In this investigation, the emission layer (EML), comprising distinct layers of Cd‐based quantum dots, is precisely regulated using the spontaneous spreading (SS) method. The work reveals that the thickness of the QDs in NCI‐QLEDs significantly influences the device's luminescent performance. In NCI‐QLEDs with a double QD layer as the EML, the device exhibits a maximum brightness of 1003.6 cd m⁻2 and a start‐up voltage of 7 root mean square voltage (VRMS). This brightness level represents the highest reported for vertical emission NCI‐QLEDs. All devices exhibit a broad range of driven voltages. Interestingly, luminescence is detected only during a half‐cycle of the driven signal, as indicated by transient time‐resolved spectrum test results. A system is established to analyze the luminescence mechanism comprehensively. Finally, a proposed carrier compounding mechanism sheds light on the behavior of NCI‐QLED devices.
Circularly Polarized Light Detection Through 3D Chiral Metasurface‐Based Phototransistors
Authors: Rajamani Saravanan , Simeone Daniela , Pecora Alessandro , Manoccio Mariachiara , Balestra Gianluca , Bayramov Ayaz H. , Mamedov Nazim T. , Passaseo Adriana , Gigli Giuseppe , Tobaldi David Maria , Tasco Vittorianna , Esposito Marco , Cola Adriano , Cuscunà Massimo
Published: December 2023

Distinguishing between different handedness of circularly polarized light can be a useful additional property in photodetector technology. The integration of this functionality can be obtained either using optical media with chiro‐optical response, or by the employment of chiral metamaterials. In this work, 3D chiral metasurfaces composed by a 3D helix array, are integrated onto a micrometer‐scale silicon‐based transistor and act as optical filter for circularly polarized light. The technological process involving focused electron beam induced deposition for helix manufacturing is carefully studied with respect to its effect on the phototransistor response. The integrated system exhibits a photoresponse which is dependent on the circular polarization, with a promising asymmetry factor in the visible spectral range. The proposed technology can pave the way for novel potential applications in diverse areas such as materials science, bioimaging, and quantum computing.
Squaraine Dyes for Single‐Component Shortwave Infrared‐Sensitive Photodiodes and Upconversion Photodetectors
Authors: Hu Wei‐Hsu , Nüesch Frank , Giavazzi Davide , Jafarpour Mohammad , Hany Roland , Bauer Michael
Published: December 2023

Sensitive detection of shortwave infrared (SWIR) light using organic dyes will be a significant advance toward many applications in industry and research. Furthermore, from a fabrication and optimization view, photogeneration of charges in diodes consisting of a single dye layer will be highly attractive. However, SWIR dyes are scarce and organic photodiodes usually utilize a donor–acceptor materials combination to split excitons into charges. Here, it is demonstrated that single‐component layers of several SWIR squaraine dyes operate as efficient photodetectors, with peak external quantum efficiency > 40% beyond 1000 nm and sensitivity out to 1300 nm. Photocurrents show a superlinear dependence on reverse bias. It is shown that this results from a field‐assisted exciton dissociation mechanism, and not from field‐dependent charge injection or extraction. SWIR photodiodes are combined with organic light‐emitting diodes to fabricate upconversion photodetectors – devices that convert SWIR photons directly into visible light. Upconverters are characterized by a low turn‐on voltage (1.5 V) and a high luminance contrast (on‐off ratio 16 000) and SWIR‐to‐visible (λ = 575 nm) photon conversion efficiency (1.85%). Upconversion photodetectors emerge as a promising alternative to the current inorganic‐based imaging technology.
Label‐Free Imaging of Low‐Index Samples Using Substrate‐Enhanced Subwavelength‐Resolution Scattering Nanoscopy
Authors: Wang Dong , Qi Mengping , Cao Yurong , Zhang Yi , Ye Yong‐Hong
Published: December 2023

There is an increasing demand for label‐free imaging of subwavelength low‐index dielectric samples with high contrast and high sensitivity using a dark‐field optical microscope. However, subwavelength low‐index dielectric samples usually do not show strong Mie scattering resonance characteristics due to the weak light confining ability, which makes them difficult to clearly resolve under a traditional optical microscope. In this work, a fast, simple, and effective approach is proposed to enhance the optical response of subwavelength low‐index dielectric samples by using metallic substrate‐enhanced scattering nanoscopy. It is found that the high reflectance of a substrate can significantly enhance the electric dipole resonance of a SiO2 nanoparticle and the substrate‐nanoparticle interaction, which amplifies the scattering signal of the sample and improves the imaging contrast. Compared with the silica substrate, the Ag‐coated substrate can enhance the scattering intensity of a SiO2 nanoparticle up to 3.7 times under 540 nm wavelength illumination. Furthermore, label‐free stand‐alone 50‐nm‐radius SiO2 nanoparticles and ≈100‐nm‐thick bacterial capsules can be clearly observed when placed on Ag‐coated substrates under a conventional dark‐field optical microscope. The substrate‐enhanced subwavelength‐resolution scattering nanoscopy can enhance the scattering of low‐index subwavelength samples and benefit a significant application in biology, medical testing, and optical detection.
Electrically Tunable Strong Optical Nonlinearity in Near‐Infrared by Coupled Metallic Quantum Wells
Authors: Chen Ching‐Fu , Qian Haoliang , Liu Zhaowei
Published: December 2023

An electrically tunable nonlinear optical device working at near‐infrared wavelength is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated. Ultrahigh optical second‐order nonlinearity from titanium‐nitride‐based coupled metallic quantum wells can be electrically tuned by external electric field. Tunability of second‐order susceptibility χ(2) reaches a 63% modulation depth with an average tunability of 10.5% per volt. In addition, electro‐optic modulation of second‐harmonic signal is presented by continuous tuning of χ(2) over a long period of time with high stability. These results provide a new material platform with actively controllable strong nonlinearity for future nonlinear photonic systems, such as ultra‐compact opto‐electronic modulation devices and reconfigurable nonlinear metamaterials and metasurfaces.
Facile Preparation of Ternary Cd0.9Pb0.1Se Quantum Dots Toward Photoelectrochemical Photodetectors
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhang Yule , Wei Songrui , Zhang Shaohui , Xu Chang , Xu Feicui , Irshad Muhammad Sultan , Ge Yanqi , Zhang Han , Yu Chengtao , Gao Lingfeng , Wang Hao
Published: December 2023

Due to the inherent high dark current of photoelectrochemical (PEC)‐type photodetectors (PDs), there is a tricky challenge to detect weak light. In this work, high‐quality Cd0.9Pb0.1Se quantum dots (CPS QDs) are prepared by thermal injection method, with horizontal size of 6.3 nm and thickness of 3.5 nm. The CPS QDs are directly utilized to construct the working electrode of PEC‐type PDs. The effects of experimental parameters on the photo‐response behavior are systematically studied, and optimized photocurrent density of 7.1 µA cm−2 and photo‐responsivity (Rph) of 2.75 mA·W−1 are achieved. Most importantly, the obvious photocurrent signals are observed under a light power density as low as 5.6 µW cm−2. For this interesting weak light detection, apparent Rph of 6.96 mA·W−1, detectivity of 1.2 × 109 Jones, and external quantum efficiency of 2.37% are achieved. Therefore, this work not only develops CPS QDs‐based PDs but also provides an example for PEC‐type PDs in weak light detection.