bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An improved generalized flexibility matrix-based damage identification technique for derrick steel structures
Authors: Zheng Shaopeng , Li Zhu , Yu Yongping , Gao Qianhui , Li Zhengguang
Published: October 2024

An improved generalized flexibility matrix-based method using matrix partitioning technique for structure damage identification is proposed. As an effective damage identification method, the generalized flexibility matrix requires fewer vibration frequencies and corresponding modal shapes compared with the traditional flexibility matrix method. By introducing a new partitioning technique of the matrices involved in the constructive process of the governing equation, the improved method simplifies the process of calculation with a dramatic reduction in computational cost while maintaining accuracy of identification results. In the case of incomplete measured modal data, an improved matrix partitioning technique based on the model expansion method is applied and the damaged indicators can be identified using partial measured modal data. A K-type derrick steel structure in service is considered as a numerical example for inspection the validity and feasibility of the proposed method. Numerical results show better accuracy and efficiency of this method for various damage scenarios, and can be used for damage diagnosis or health monitoring of other large structures.
‘Fighting for breath’: Inhabiting uninhabitable places
Authors: Rondel Louise
Published: October 2024

In 2021, clean-air activists Choked Up put up hacked road signs in the London neighbourhoods of Catford, Brixton and Whitechapel. The signs stated: ‘People of colour are more likely to live in an area with illegal pollution levels’. They also demanded ‘Clean air for all’. The following year, Breathe: 2022 by artist Dryden Goodwin was installed across the borough of Lewisham. Depicting people struggling to breathe, like the road signs, the delicate pencil-drawn images were a way of ‘making the invisible visible’. These interventions highlight both the elevated levels of air pollution in particular locations and the unevenness of its distribution. They also point to how places and bodies are interconnected in the air that ‘we’ breathe. Foregrounding this activism, this article draws on Nirmal Puwar’s conceptualisation of the ‘somatic norm’ whereby particular spaces are (or, rather, become) ‘reserved’ for particular bodies and, concomitantly, the ‘ontological anxiety’ provoked when bodies enter into spaces not meant for them. I extend Puwar’s work on Space Invaders in two ways. First, reading air quality research data through work which has theorised the spatial–bodily relationship, the article explores how the yoking together of spaces and bodies can serve to locate people in places which are not fit for habitation. Second, I draw attention to the highly corporeal and emotional ways in which these interconnections are manifested, and like the visceral registers of ‘ontological anxiety’, I consider what this might tell us about spatialised and bodied power relations. To render the asymmetries in air pollution exposure not only visible but sense-able, the article draws on a mobile, emplaced and embodied methodology of walking and cycling through London. The processes of moving, breathing and leaving put into relief both the deep fleshiness of spatial–bodily interconnections and the palpability of the power dynamics which permeate them.
Renewal of an active substance found in an insecticide: How to articulate risk assessment and risk management?
Authors: de Sadeleer Nicolas
Published: October 2024

In Pesticide Action Network Europe v Commission (Case T-536/22), Pesticide Action Network Europe (PAN Europe) contested the renewal by the European Commission of the active substance cypermethrin. This substance is used or is marketed as an insecticide in large-scale commercial agricultural applications as well as in consumer products for domestic purposes (ant and cockroach killer). PAN Europe sought the annulment of the European Commission's decision of 23 June 2022 by which the latter rejected the request for internal review made by PAN Europe in accordance with Regulation (EC) No. 1367/2006 on the application of the provisions of the Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters. The applicant argued, in essence, that where a risk is established with sufficient certainty by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the Commission could not disregard the conclusions of the scientific assessment by relying on its powers as risk manager. In stressing the discretion enjoyed by the Commission, the General Court dismissed the action of PAN Europe. This casenote suggests that the General Court applied the precautionary principle too formally.
Too many numbers and worse word choice: Why readers find data-driven news articles produced with automation harder to understand
Authors: Thäsler-Kordonouri Sina , Thurman Neil , Schwertberger Ulrike , Stalph Florian
Published: October 2024

The production of data-driven journalism is becoming increasingly automated, impacting its composition and comprehensibility. Given the importance of data-driven reporting for democratic participation, this study investigates, firstly, how readers evaluate the composition of data-driven articles produced with and without the help of automation and, secondly, how these evaluations affect readers’ perceptions of the articles’ comprehensibility. In an online survey experiment, 3135 online news consumers evaluated 24 articles produced with or without automation using criteria developed in prior research. Our factor analysis reduced those criteria to five categories that matter in readers’ evaluations of the articles’ composition: numeric features, writing style, sentence and paragraph length, descriptive language, and word choice. Our results show, firstly, that although the perception of news stories produced with automation did not differ significantly from that of news stories produced without automation regarding sentence and paragraph length and writing style, the stories produced with automation were evaluated as significantly less comprehensible; and, secondly, that this can be explained partly by readers’ perceptions of some of the other article composition categories, which were rated significantly worse in automated articles. Our findings suggest that using automation to produce data-driven news articles changes their perceived composition in ways that negatively impact comprehensibility. However, this study also suggests how such articles could be made more comprehensible. Specifically, when ‘post-editing’ automated articles, journalists should aim to further reduce the quantity of numbers, better explain words that readers are unlikely to understand and change inappropriate wording.
Preparing a Globally Competent Workforce: A Mixed Methods Study of an Innovative Co-Curricular University Program
Authors: Cseh Maria , Crocco Oliver S. , Engel Laura , Follman Joseph
Published: October 2024

Problem

Human resource development (HRD) scholars and practitioners have long sought ways to develop employees to meet the needs of globalized workplaces. However, given that many employers expect employees to possess global skills before they begin working, it is incumbent upon HRD educators in higher education contexts to develop and implement innovative programs to enrich global competence, which includes the knowledge, skills, experience, and mindset required for global work.

Solution

This mixed methods study describes and explores the efficacy of an innovative co-curricular program, the Global Competence Enrichment Program, designed to enhance the global competence of American and international graduate students enrolled at a higher education institution in the United States through a mutual intercultural learning process.

Stakeholders

Stakeholders include HRD scholars and practitioners as well as organizational leaders interested in designing and implementing HRD programs around global competence enrichment.
Incidence of Compartment Syndrome Following Peri-Pandemic Intervention for Non-traumatic Acute Limb Ischemia
Authors: Chihade Deena B. , Williams Zachary E. , Wainwright Brandon S. , Shaw Palma M.
Published: October 2024

Objective

During the pandemic, our institution anecdotally observed a significant proportion of acute limb ischemia (ALI) patients developing compartment syndrome (CS) following revascularization compared to pre-pandemic rates. To determine whether this perceived increase was occurring globally, we utilized the TriNetX database to evaluate the incidence of CS secondary to ALI intervention in both the pre-pandemic (2017-2019) and pandemic eras (2020-2022).

Methods

We conducted a multicenter query using the TriNetX global research network for ALI patients receiving treatment. Incidence of CS diagnosis within 1 calendar day of ALI intervention was calculated for each era. Demographics and comorbidities were then compared between CS and non-CS patients within each era. Risk of adverse outcomes within 30 days of CS diagnosis was also determined for each era, including mortality, major amputation, and re-intervention.

Results

The pre-pandemic cohort contained 7736 patients while the pandemic era cohort included 8,306, for 16,042 total patients. A significant increase in CS incidence (risk ratio (RR) = 1.23, P = 0.0026) was demonstrated within the pandemic era. An increased prevalence of comorbidities such as dyslipidemia (pre-pandemic: P = 0.0022; pandemic: P = 0.0026) and peripheral vascular disease ( P < 0.0001, both eras) was observed in the non-CS cohort within both eras. 30-day mortality was significantly increased in CS patients (pre-pandemic: RR = 3.057; pandemic: RR = 2.710; P < 0.0001 both eras) compared to non-CS patients. CS patients were more likely to receive major amputation (pre-pandemic: RR = 3.734; pandemic: RR = 2.809; P < 0.0001 both eras) and/or re-intervention within 30 days (pre-pandemic: RR = 1.871, P < 0.0001; pandemic: RR = 1.370, P = 0.0218) over non-CS patients.

Conclusions

The incidence of CS following revascularization for ALI rose worldwide during the pandemic. Patients who developed CS are younger with fewer comorbidities than non-CS patients. Despite a more favorable comorbid profile, CS patients demonstrate significantly higher rates of adverse outcomes. Further investigation is necessary to determine the specific underlying mechanisms driving this increased incidence in CS among ALI patients.
Examining Leisure Re-Engagement and Its Relationship With Self-Regulation After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gahlot Amanda , Krch Denise , Goverover Yael
Published: October 2024

Engagement in leisure activities is a significant contributor to health. Individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) report not returning to pre-injury levels of leisure participation. Self-regulation (SR) is a possible factor of limited re-engagement. This study aimed to examine leisure re-engagement patterns and the impact of SR on these patterns. Fifty-five adults with TBI were included in a cross-sectional study. Participants completed a leisure activity survey, rating engagement before and after injury. Participants and an informant completed the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe) to assess SR. Leisure was significantly lower after injury than before injury, t(54) = 3.83, p < .001. The FrSBe apathy score was significantly associated with lower re-engagement (eta = 0.42) and may predict engagement after injury (Δ R2 = .09, p < .05). Apathy may contribute to difficulty re-engaging in leisure activities. Re-engagement in leisure activities should be a focus of occupational therapy intervention after TBI.
Re-designing the experience of transition into nursing homes: A Singapore study
Authors: Lim Benjamin Wei Ming , Xue Agnes Lishan , Toh Irene , Lim Sok Mui
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Transition of senior adults from community into nursing homes (NH) is a challenging event for both the senior adults and their family. Even with the introduction of new service models, studies continued to advocate that the navigation of services should remain simple and streamlined. In relation to the ‘wicked problem’ that persist, design thinking methodology and tools can be adopted to address the unacceptably huge gap between the services that NH operators aim to deliver and the actual service that is delivered. The study aims to understand the experience of senior adults transitioning into NH from the design thinking approach.

Methods

A phenomenological research design was used with 10 senior adults recruited. The protocol consisted of three 8-h sessions, in-depth observations of the participants in an NH environment and a 45-min semi-structured interview with the participants to understand their experience of transition into a NH.

Results

Four distinct phases were unravelled to illustrate the transition process. Four personas were also created to represent the types of senior adults who are likely to transition into a NH. Main factors that influence the experience of transition include (1) emotions of the senior adults, (2) support provided during the transition, and (3) frequency of visitation by others.

Conclusion

The study validated the complexity of transition into a NH. Using the design thinking methodology and tools, such as interviewing with empathy and the creation of personas, findings can be used to develop a service model that addresses the challenges of seniors’ transition into a NH.
Research on multi-objective topology optimization of unmanned sightseeing vehicle frame based on Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Tang Pei , Xu Weikai , Ding Zhenyu , Jiang Minnan , Lv Mao
Published: October 2024

To optimize the frame of a sightseeing vehicle, this paper proposes a multi-objective topology optimization method combining Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and topology optimization. Firstly, the edges of the unmanned sightseeing car are statically analyzed. The rectangular steel frame structure of the original frame is replaced with square plates, the basic model of the unmanned sightseeing car frame is established, and a single-objective topology optimization mathematical model of the frame is established to optimize the topology design of the frame. Then, in order to design a frame structure that meets all the working conditions at the same time, a mathematical model of multi-working condition topology optimization is established, and the weights of each working condition are determined by using AHP, and the multi-working condition topology optimization design of the frame is carried out. Finally, a comparison of the comprehensive performance of the frame before and after optimization shows that the proposed method enables the optimized frame to meet the strength requirements under various working conditions, resulting in a weight reduction of 16.5 kg.
Internal flow characteristics in the draft tube of a Francis turbine under different working conditions
Authors: Hou Yuanhang , Liu Xiaobing , Xiao Ming , Zhang Haibin , Cai Yinhui , Zeng Yongzhong , Zou Lei , Pang Jiayang
Published: October 2024

The Francis turbine stability is impacted significantly by the flow characteristics in its draft tube. In the case of a Francis turbine in a hydropower plant, numerical simulations were undertaken at the maximum and rated heads, respectively, under three output scenarios of 20%, 100%, and 120%. The flow characteristics in the turbine draft tube and the evolution mechanism of flow pattern were assessed, as well as the impact of opening on vortex rope. The results demonstrate that with the increasing of the guide vane opening, a progressive transformation is noted for the random large vortex rope located in the conical section at the draft tube inlet into uniformly distributed one. The opening influences the velocity and pressure greatly, and as the opening enlarges, enhancement of the flow pattern is noted in the draft tube. Meanwhile, as the head increases, the influence scope of the vortex rope becomes larger. This research can reveal the operating conditions not suitable for the Francis turbine, thereby offering guidance for ensuring the stability of power station operation.
Comparison of intrathecal fentanyl as an adjunct in spinal anaesthesia to ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block as an effective postoperative analgesia for Caesarean section surgery
Authors: Patnaik Subhasish , Singh Shalendra , Dash Lalita Kumar , Sharma Arunav , Chandran Anand Naveen , Taank Priya
Published: October 2024

Background:

Postoperative pain in patients, if dealt with inadequately, has been a significant cause of morbidity. The present study compared the postoperative analgesic efficacy of intrathecal fentanyl and ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block following Caesarean surgery.

Methods:

A prospective randomised controlled study was planned for parturients who underwent Caesarean surgery under spinal anaesthesia. Patients received bupivacaine (10mg) and 25µg of intrathecal fentanyl in the spinal anaesthesia (group intrathecal fentanyl, n = 30) or 20mL of 0.375% ropivacaine bilateral quadratus lumborum block (group quadratus lumborum; n = 30) after surgery. The visual analogue scale score, quality of recovery-15 score and incidence of ill effects were recorded.

Results:

The postoperative haemodynamic parameters were comparable between the two groups. The visual analogue scale score at different time intervals decreased after the quadratus lumborum block (p < 0.05). The mean global quality of recovery score was better in the quadratus lumborum group (p < 0.001). In the quadratus lumborum group, the mean time to first ambulation was lower than that in the intrathecal fentanyl group (p < 0.05). The requirement for first-rescue analgesia was earlier in the intrathecal fentanyl group (4.67 ± 0.72) than in the quadratus lumborum group (4.92 ± 0.88).

Conclusion:

Intrathecal fentanyl and quadratus lumborum block had effective postoperative analgesic effects on Caesarean surgery patients. However, the quadratus lumborum block group exhibited better analgesia and early ambulation than the intrathecal fentanyl group, with an improved quality of recovery.
Application of Kaempferia parviflora: A Perspective Review
Authors: Tan Terence Yew Chin , Lim Xin Yi , Krishnan Puspawathy , Muhamad Rosli Siti Hajar , Chan Janice Sue Wen , Voon Yee Lin , Ahmad Ida Farah , Siau Thien Chen , Awang Norizah , Syed Mohamed Ami Fazlin
Published: October 2024

Kaempferia parviflora, also known as black ginger, is a popular medicinal plant among the Southeast Asian community. Recently, there has been increased interest in further exploring the potential health benefits and therapeutic applications of K. parviflora in Malaysia, Thailand's neighboring country. This review provides an overview of current literature regarding K. parviflora's traditional use and literature on efficacy and safety. We found that, traditionally, K. parviflora was used for gastrointestinal disorders, allergies, as sexual stimulants, and body nourishment. K. parviflora demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, anticancer, vascular relaxation, and antimicrobial effects. In humans, there is evidence of its general benefits on physical fitness. In conclusion, K. parviflora is a plant with significant potential for various pharmacological applications. The rhizome is most popularly used and investigated, with polymethoxyflavones as the main bioactive phytoconstituent.
Affordance trajectories and the usefulness of online records access among older adults in Sweden
Authors: Huvila Isto , Rexhepi Hanife , Moll Jonas , Ghorbanian Zolbin Maedeh , Blease Charlotte , Bärkås Annika , Åhlfeldt Rose-Mharie , Hagström Josefin , Kane Bridget , Scandurra Isabella , Hägglund Maria , Klein Gunnar O. , Wang Bo , Kharko Anna
Published: October 2024

Objective

The current understanding of the breadth of individual differences in how eHealth technologies are perceived as useful for different purposes is incomprehensive. The aim/purpose of the study is to improve the understanding of diverse perceptions of the usefulness of technologies by exploring older adults’ use of their patient-accessible electronic health records (PAEHRs).

Methods

The study applies and extends Affordance Theory based on an empirical analysis of data from the NORDeHEALTH 2022 Patient Survey on attitudes toward PAEHR in Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Estonia. Responses from 3964 participants in Sweden, aged 65 + years were analysed. Data included demographics and agreement ratings to reasons for using PAEHR. To analyse variation in the reasons for using PAEHR, group comparisons were conducted based on gender (male/female), age group (65–74, 75–84 and 85+) and earlier encouragement to use PAEHR.

Results

Overall, the findings suggest that PAEHRs have multiple parallel affordance trajectories and affordance potencies that actualise differently depending on needs. The top reasons, pointing to both orientational and goal-oriented affordances for using PAEHR, were improving understanding of health issues, getting an overview of medical history/treatment and ensuring understanding of what the doctor said. Men reported more often sharing information with relatives or friends as a reason to access PAEHR. Women were more inclined, albeit similarly to men less frequently, to read their PAEHR for detecting errors. Age had little influence on reasons for using PAEHR.

Conclusions

The study applies and extends Affordance Theory in the context of older adults’ PAEHR use based on findings from the largest national investigation of reasons for older users to access PAEHR in Sweden demonstrating the applicability of the theory in improving the understanding of the diversity of individual perceptions on eHealth technologies.
Beyond the filter: Impact of popularity on the mental health of social media influencers
Authors: Azayem Ala’a K. , Nawaz Faisal A. , Jeyaseelan Lakshmanan , Kair Hawk M. , Sultan Meshal A.
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study examines the emotional state and interpersonal relationships of social media influencers, focusing on the psychological effects of their popularity and engagement. Despite increased awareness of mental health issues, influencers remain underrepresented in research. Barriers such as low mental health literacy, stigma, access issues, and the pressure to maintain virtual personas highlight the need for this investigation. This research addresses these gaps by systematically examining the impact of social media on influencers’ mental health.

Methods

An online survey was conducted using the positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS) and the Relationship Structures Questionnaire (ECR-RS). The target audience was social media influencers from various countries, with a specific focus on the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Participants were recruited from 2 November 2022, to 1 March 2023, through email, SMS, and direct messages on social media platforms. Statistical analyses included t-tests, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients.

Results

A total of 161 social media influencers completed the survey. A significant association was found between extended social media usage and heightened negative emotions among influencers spending more than 5 hours daily on these platforms ( p < .05). Influencers earning less than $10,000 from social media reported the lowest negative feeling scores. However, higher income levels correlated with increased relationship avoidance and anxiety scores (e.g., p < .01 for avoidance and anxiety from parents and best friends). Additionally, an increase in the number of followers was associated with increased negative emotions ( p = .001).

Conclusion

Our study provides compelling insights into the well-being, emotions, and relationship quality of social media influencers. It underscores the urgency of prioritizing their mental well-being on a global scale, helping them navigate the challenges of their digital careers while maintaining a positive impact on their audiences.
Data professionals’ attitudes on data privacy, sharing, and consent in healthcare and research
Authors: Kaplow Katya , Downey Max , Stewart Darren , Massie Allan B. , Motter Jennifer D. , Taylor Lauren , Massarelli John , Matalon Taylor , Sidoti Carolyn , Levan Macey L. , Parent Brendan
Published: October 2024

Objective

Individuals who work on health data systems and services are uniquely positioned to understand the risks of health data collection and use. We designed and conducted a survey assessing the perceptions of those who work with health data around health data consent, sharing, and privacy practices in healthcare and clinical research.

Methods

A 43-item online survey was distributed via a market research firm to individuals (18+) who work with health data in the United States from March to April 2023. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all variables. Associations with demographic variables were assessed using Pearson's X2 tests and ordinal logistic regression.

Results

Most of our respondents (61.7%) reported that they would trust people to use their health data across various sectors, but more respondents trusted those working in academic medical research (86.5%) and healthcare offices (89.9%) compared to those working in industry (68.2%). Despite this reported trust, a strong majority believed that individuals should have complete control over their health data (97.3%), specific consent should be obtained for each use of their health data (92.0%), and that there should be higher standards of consent and privacy for health records data than other types of data (93.7%).

Conclusions

Based on our findings, we might infer that people who work with health data generally trust institutions across sectors to protect their health data. However, many would prefer to have complete control over who has access to their health data and how it is used. These insights should be explored further through qualitative studies.
Factors Influencing Students’ Academic Self-Efficacy in Related Domains
Authors: Hinduja Preeta , Fakir Mohammad Razia , Siddiqui Sohni
Published: October 2024

The importance of a person’s belief in their own academic abilities cannot be overstated when it comes to pursuing further education and selecting a career aligned with their studies. This research investigates the influence of family dynamics and background, behavior and values, school experiences and out-of-school experiences on academic self-efficacy (ASE). The study also examines how sub-variables of behaviors and values mediate the development of self-efficacy. The research employs a quantitative cross-sectional survey with a convenience sample of 350 intermediate students from various academic domains. The data analyzed using Smart PLS 4 software, revealed that students’ behaviors and values, as well as their out-of-school experiences have a significant impact on the development of self-efficacy. All variables related to behaviors and values show a significant positive impact, except for decision-making skills, which have no significant effect. However, the indirect influence of technology is also noticed. On the other hand, most background factors and school experiences have no direct influence on ASE. This study offers valuable insights into the multifaceted factors that play a crucial role in family education, teacher education, and career counseling. Additionally, it provides a foundation for future research in this area and contributes to the understanding of adolescents; self-efficacy in academic domains.
Narrative Identity Dimensions of Students in Private Alternative Schools
Authors: Vlčková Kateřina , Lojdová Kateřina
Published: October 2024

This study examines how students’ identities are co-constructed through educational experiences. We analyzed narratives of fifth and seventh grade students from two private alternative schools in the Czech Republic. The findings reveal that students identified with friends, had positive relationships with teachers and the school, and experienced interesting education, closeness, and respect. These insights highlight typical identity characteristics for their age group and emphasize the importance of positive educational experiences in shaping students’ identities. This study contributes to research on narrative identity and the role of alternative private schools in primary and lower secondary education.
Postoperative Rehabilitation and Return-to-Sport Criteria After Distal Triceps Rupture Repair: A Scoping Review
Authors: Phelps Brian M. , Fomunung Clyde , Singer William , George Andrew , Jack Robert A.
Published: October 2024

Background:

Distal triceps rupture is a rare injury that is commonly surgically repaired to improve elbow strength and function. Most patients are active and have goals to return to specific activities and sports. There is no gold standard rehabilitation protocol for return to sport (RTS) after distal triceps repair.

Purpose:

To identify in the literature any criteria used for RTS after distal triceps repair.

Study Design:

Scoping review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Under PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, level 1 to 4 studies that examined distal triceps repair and had a minimum follow-up duration of 12 months were deemed eligible for study inclusion. Exclusion criteria encompassed studies that employed nonoperative treatment, lacked specific RTS criteria, or involved revision cases. The selected studies underwent assessment regarding RTS outcomes, timelines, rates, and methodological quality.

Results:

Of the initial 378 unique studies, 6 studies (including 116 patients involved in 16 different sports) met the inclusion criteria. Four of the studies reported RTS rates, with a mean of 89.3%. The duration of time for returning to sport was reported in 2 studies and varied from 4 to 6 months. The parameters most emphasized in the rehabilitation protocols were progressive range of motion exercises, followed by early immobilization and progressive strengthening exercises. Supervised therapy was reported in only 2 (33%) studies. Although all studies included a rehabilitation protocol and 5 studies included a timeline for RTS, only 1 study provided subjective criteria, and no studies utilized specific objective measurement criteria. The overall study quality was fair.

Conclusion:

This review demonstrated that the overall RTS rate after distal triceps repair was high (89.3%), with no consensus on RTS criteria. Most studies included initial immobilization followed by progressive range of motion and strengthening. Timing after surgery was used as a measure to RTS in the minority of studies and varied between 4 and 6 months. Further research is needed to develop functional and performance-based metrics to better standardize RTS criteria and rehabilitation protocols.
Predictors of Academic and Clinical Stress Among Nursing Students
Authors: Mohamed Nermen Abdelftah , Ali Samah Osman , Ehrahim Elturabi Elsayed Elkhider , Ahmed Amany Lotfy , Wahba Ahmed Mohamed
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Nursing students experience significant academic and clinical stress due to challenging coursework, assessments, and educational demands, as well as the pressures associated with gaining practical healthcare experience. These challenges can lead to anxiety, fear of making errors, and concerns about patient well-being, ultimately impacting students’ mental health and their preparation for a nursing career.

Objective

assesses the predictors of academic and clinical stress among nursing students.

Method

A cross-sectional study design was used with a convenience sample of 113 nursing students. The study team conducted the study at the Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Nursing Department at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University. The researchers used three instruments for data collection and asked all nurse students to complete the online questionnaires, which utilized perceived clinical settings and academic stress.

Results

The mean age of the studied nursing students was 21.2 years old. The study observed students had moderate perceived stress levels furthermore, the total levels of the academic stress domain's mean and standard deviation in students were 90.5 ± 32. Also, a significant relationship between perceived stress and clinical setting hours per week in nursing students, and hospital clinical setting type in nursing students. There was a correlation between academic stress and the ages of students. Students’ academic stress was statistically significantly correlated with their educational level.

Conclusion

Academic and clinical stress significantly impacts nursing students; the most common reasons that increase stress are fear of making mistakes and harming the patient.

Recommendation

Accordingly, the study advocates for developing educational strategies and a structured course curriculum before student nurses are sent to clinical areas to enhance their capabilities and reduce academic and clinical stress.
Public Funding, Private Work Outcomes: Multiple Job Holding among U.S. K–12 Public School Teachers
Authors: Fajardo Ryan
Published: October 2024

Reporting suggests that declining salaries cause high multiple job holding (MJH) among full-time public school teachers in the United States. Studies investigating this relationship assume an individual teacher, neglecting the effects of family characteristics on work behavior. This article examines K–12 public school teachers’ employment patterns for March and July from 2011 to 2019 to test the associations of state-level teacher salaries and familial roles with MJH. In March and July, a teacher’s familial role correlates with MJH in a pattern consistent with persistent work-family divisions: Male teachers, single or married with children, are the most likely to hold another job, and married female teachers with children are the least. These differences increase during the summer break. State-level salaries correlate with MJH only in July. Single male teachers exhibit greater sensitivity to salary changes. This article demonstrates how family characteristics, occupational schedules, and salaries interact and influence MJH.
Ascorbate deficiency increases quiescence and self-renewal in hematopoietic stem cells and multipotent progenitors
Authors: Comazzetto Stefano , Cassidy Daniel L. , DeVilbiss Andrew W. , Jeffery Elise C. , Ottesen Bethany R. , Reyes Amanda R. , Paul Animesh , Bansal Suraj , Xie Stephanie Z. , Muh Sarah , Mathews Thomas P. , Chen Brandon , Zhao Zhiyu , Morrison Sean J.
Published: October 2024

Ascorbate (vitamin C) limits hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function and suppresses leukemia development, partly by promoting the function of the Tet2 tumor suppressor. In humans, ascorbate is obtained from the diet, whereas in mice, it is synthesized in the liver. In this study, we show that deletion of the Slc23a2 ascorbate transporter from hematopoietic cells depleted ascorbate to undetectable levels in HSCs and multipotent hematopoietic progenitors (MPPs) without altering the plasma ascorbate levels. Slc23a2 deficiency increased HSC reconstituting potential and self-renewal potential upon transplantation into irradiated mice. Slc23a2 deficiency also increased the reconstituting and self-renewal potentials of MPPs, conferring the ability to reconstitute irradiated mice long term. Slc23a2-deficient HSCs and MPPs divided much less frequently than control HSCs and MPPs. Increased self-renewal and reconstituting potential were observed particularly in quiescent Slc23a2-deficient HSCs and MPPs. The effect of Slc23a2 deficiency on MPP self-renewal was not mediated by reduced Tet2 function. Ascorbate thus regulates quiescence and restricts self-renewal potential in HSCs and MPPs such that ascorbate deficiency confers MPPs with long-term self-renewal potential.
Lhx6 deficiency causes human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cell mitophagy dysfunction in cleft palate
Authors: Luo Haotian , Ieong Hio Cheng , Li Runze , Huang Delan , Chen Danying , Chen Xin , Guo Yuqing , Qing Yangqiao , Guo Bingyan , Li Ruoyu , Teng Yungshan , Li Wenfeng , Cao Yang , Zhou Chen , Wang Weicai
Published: October 2024

Background

Overconsumption of retinoic acid (RA) or its analogues/derivatives has been linked to severe craniomaxillofacial malformations, such as cleft palate and midface hypoplasia. It has been noted that RA disturbed the proliferation and migration of embryonic palatal mesenchymal (EPM) cells in these malformations, yet the exact mechanisms underlying these disruptions remained unclear.

Methods

A model of retinoic acid (RA)-induced cleft palate in fetal mice was successfully established. Histological alterations in the palate were evaluated using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining and RNA in situ hybridization (RNAscope). Cellular proliferation levels were quantified via the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and EdU incorporation assay, while cell migration capabilities were investigated using wound healing and Transwell assays. Mitochondrial functions were assessed through Mito-Tracker fluorescence, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, ATP level quantification, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number analysis. Differential gene expression and associated signaling pathways were identified through bioinformatics analysis. Alterations in the transcriptional and translational levels of Lhx6 and genes associated with mitophagy were quantified using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot analysis, respectively. Mitochondrial morphology and the mitochondrial autophagosomes within cells were examined through transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Results

Abnormal palatal development in mice, along with impaired proliferation and migration of human embryonic palatal mesenchymal (HEPM) cells, was associated with RA affecting mitochondrial function and concomitant downregulation of Lhx6. Knockdown of Lhx6 in HEPM cells resulted in altered cell proliferation, migration, and mitochondrial function. Conversely, the aberrant mitochondrial function, proliferation, and migration observed in RA-induced HEPM cells were ameliorated by overexpression of Lhx6. Subsequent research demonstrated that Lhx6 ameliorated RA-induced dysfunction in HEPM cells by modulating PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, thereby activating the MAPK signaling pathways.

Conclusion

Lhx6 is essential for mitochondrial homeostasis via tuning PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy and MAPK signaling pathways. Downregulation of Lhx6 by RA transcriptionally disturbs the mitochondrial homeostasis, which in turn leads to the proliferation and migration defect in HEPM cells, ultimately causing the cleft palate.

Graphical abstract
Peripheral blood to next-generation sequencing ready DNA library: a novel engineering design for automation
Authors: Naranbat Dulguunnaran , Brassard Lothar à , Lawandy Nabil , Tripathi Anubhav
Published: October 2024

Whole genome sequencing (WGS) has become a gold standard for diagnosing genomic variation. Peripheral blood is a common sample source for the extraction of nucleic acids for Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) applications. Here, we present an integrated and fully automated device design that uses new concepts of fluid mechanics, heat-mass transfer, and thermodynamics of enzymatic reactions to extract nucleic acids from the blood and perform DNA library preparation from a pre-filled plate. We demonstrate that the presented device effectively extracts dsDNA with an average of 25.03 µg/mL and 25.91 µg/mL yield from citrate-stabilized human peripheral blood stored in Fresh (4 °C) and Frozen (-20 °C) conditions, respectively. Furthermore, our method automatically extracts nucleic acids and creates a high-quality sequence-ready DNA library from blood stabilized with citrate and EDTA for 8 samples simultaneously in a single run with a total operation time of ~ 7 h. Our results show the required coverage and depth of the genome, highlighting an essential application of this device in processing blood samples for genome sequencing.

Graphical Abstract
Genomic insight on Klebsiella variicola isolated from wastewater treatment plant has uncovered a novel bacteriophage
Authors: Lekota Kgaugelo E. , Mabeo Refilwe O. , Ramatla Tsepo , Van Wyk Deidre A. B. , Thekisoe Oriel , Molale-Tom Lesego G. , Bezuidenhout Cornelius C.
Published: October 2024

Klebsiella variicola is considered an emerging pathogen, which may colonize a variety of hosts, including environmental sources. Klebsiella variicola investigated in this study was obtained from an influent wastewater treatment plant in the North-West Province, South Africa. Whole genome sequencing was conducted to unravel the genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance patterns of K. variicola. Whole genome core SNP phylogeny was employed on publicly available 170 genomes. Furthermore, capsule types and antibiotic resistance genes, particularly beta-lactamase and carbapenems genes were investigated from the compared genomes. A 38 099 bp bacteriophage was uncovered alongside with K. variicola genome. Whole genome sequencing revealed that the extended beta-lactamase blaLEN (75.3%) of the beta-lactamase is dominant among compared K. variicola strains. The identified IncF plasmid AA035 confers resistance genes of metal and heat element subtypes, i.e., silver, copper, and tellurium. The capsule type KL107-D1 is a predominant capsule type present in 88.2% of the compared K. variicola genomes. The phage was determined to be integrase-deficient consisting of a fosB gene associated with fosfomycin resistance and clusters with the Wbeta genus Bacillus phage group. In silico analysis showed that the phage genome interacts with B. cereus as opposed to K. variicola strain T2. The phage has anti-repressor proteins involved in the lysis-lysogeny decision. This phage will enhance our understanding of its impact on bacterial dissemination and how it may affect disease development and antibiotic resistance mechanisms in wastewater treatment plants. This study highlights the need for ongoing genomic epidemiological surveillance of environmental K. variicola isolates.
TRANscranial direct current stimulation for FOcal Refractory epilepsy in mitochondrial disease (TRANSFORM): delayed-start, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Bangel Katrin A. , Lim Albert Z. , Blain Alasdair , Ng Yi Shiau , Winder Amy , Bulmer Joseph , Gorman Grainne , Baker Mark , McFarland Robert
Published: October 2024

Background

Focal epilepsy is common in children and adults with mitochondrial disease. Seizures are often refractory to pharmacological treatment and, in this patient group, frequently evolve to refractory focal status epilepticus (also known as epilepsia partialis continua). Where this occurs, the long-term prognosis is poor. Transcranial DC stimulation (tDCS) is a promising, non-invasive, adjunctive treatment alternative to common surgical procedures. Limited recruitment of study participants with this rare disease and the ethical challenges of administering a treatment to one group and not another, while maintaining strict methodological rigour can pose challenges to the design of a clinical study.

Method

We designed the first delayed start, double-blinded, sham-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of tDCS as an adjunctive treatment for focal epilepsy. We will include participants with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of mitochondrial disease with drug-resistant focal epilepsy aged ≥ 2 years, aiming to collect 30 episodes of focal status epilepticus, each treated for a maximum period of 14 days. The early start intervention arm will receive tDCS from day 1. The delayed start intervention arm will receive sham stimulation until crossover on day 3. Our primary endpoint is a greater than 50% reduction from baseline (on day 0) in seizure frequency assessed by 3x daily reporting, accelerometery, and video monitoring. Changes in the underlying epileptogenic focus within the brain related to the tDCS intervention will be assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or electroencephalography (EEG).

Discussion

Study results in favour of treatment efficacy would support development of tDCS into a mainstream treatment option for focal epileptic seizures related to mitochondrial disease.

Trials registration

ISRCTN: 18,241,112; registered on 16/11/2021.
Evaluation of insulin-like growth factor-1 in apparently healthy infants and prepubertal Egyptian children with different nutritional statuses
Authors: Fouad Hanan Mina , Mohamed Amal Ahmed , Adel Nashwa , Abdulhay Mohamed , Khalifa Iman , Ibrahim Randa , Elsalway Naglaa , Thabet Ghada Maher , Nasraldin Karima , El-Hefny Ingy Maher , El-raouf Marwa S. Abd , Ghareeb Dalia
Published: October 2024

Objectives

to estimate insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels in apparently healthy infants and prepubertal children and compare results among different nutritional statuses.

Methods

Our cross-sectional work is a sub-study of a screening project for anemia and nutritional status. We included 252 apparently healthy infants and children with a mean age of 3.7 ± 1.3 years (1.1–6.6), with equal gender distribution. Data retrieved included breastfeeding and anthropometric measures. We tested the stored blood samples for IGF-1 levels. The sample size was reached when all kits were consumed.

Results

abnormal anthropometric measures were detected in 32.9%, either a single or multiple, and 86.5% were breastfed. Girls had significantly higher serum IGF-1 levels than boys (P: <0.001), which was noticeable in girls with abnormal nutritional status detected with anthropometry. Breastfeeding showed no significant association with IGF-1 levels. No significant difference was observed between IGF-1 levels between children with normal versus those with abnormal growth measures. Children with overweight or obesity had significantly lower IGF-1 than children with other body mass index (BMI) categories. Serum IGF-1 levels correlated positively with arm muscle area Z scores in infants and toddlers and weight and BMI Z scores in children between three and four. Also, IGF-1 correlated positively with the triceps skinfold Z score and arm muscle area Z score between four and five.

Conclusions

Among studied infants and prepubertal children, serum IGF-1 was significantly higher in girls than boys and was considerably lower in children with overweight or obesity. Breastfeeding showed no association with IGF-1 levels.