bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enriching the Typology of Social Entrepreneurs: The Transnational Dimension
Authors: Ascencio Christine , Benmamoun Mamoun , Katz Jerome , Brinkmeier Alex
Published: December 2024

Previous researchers developed a comprehensive typology for categorizing social entrepreneurship; however, their framework does not fully address some emerging forms. This paper offers a critical addition to their model by introducing the “transnational pragmatist”, a type of social entrepreneur with a grassroots background who creates a community-centric social enterprise in a foreign context. Through insights gained from interviews with social entrepreneurs, this paper identifies and defines the transnational pragmatist as a distinct category that fills a significant gap in Abebe’s framework. Our contribution broadens the typology to better capture smaller for-profit and nonprofit ventures operating transnationally, enhancing the model’s relevance for international social entrepreneurs from humble origins.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Generation Z and Tourism Research: Insights from VOSviewer Mapping
Authors: Ivasciuc Ioana-Simona , Candrea Adina Nicoleta , Ispas Ana , Piuaru Brenda-Andreea
Published: December 2024

In recent years, Generation Z has had a pivotal influence across global industries, with tourism being significantly impacted. As the first generation fully immersed in digital technology, Generation Z members have travel preferences, behaviours, and values which differ markedly from previous generations, presenting both challenges and opportunities for the tourism sector. This study explores studies on Generation Z in the context of the tourism industry through key research questions, including the primary trends and thematic clusters in the existing literature, the most influential journals and authors, and the temporal evolution of research in this area. To address these questions, this article presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 217 publications on Generation Z and tourism, spanning from 2018 to 2024, sourced from the Web of Science. Using VOSviewer, the analysis maps the main trends, the most influential publications, and the emerging themes, providing insights into how Generation Z is reshaping the tourism landscape. The bibliometric analysis and VOSviewer mapping add a rigorous methodological approach, offering a structured overview of existing research while identifying gaps for further exploration, especially in this emerging field. The study highlights the most published and cited journals, providing a broad contextual view, followed by an in-depth exploration of thematic clusters within Generation Z tourism research. The results indicate that although research on this topic gained attention in 2018, it is still in its early stages, with significant room for expansion. Current studies primarily focus on social media marketing communications for Generation Z, as well as Generation Z tourism experiences and their attitudes and preferences towards tourism, suggesting areas for future exploration.
Mathematical Mechanism of Gini Index Used for Multiple-Impulse Phenomenon Characterization
Authors: Jin Guofeng , Ming Anbo , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2024

The Gini index (GI) is widely used for measuring the sparsity of signals and has been proven to be effective in the extraction of fault features. A fault-induced vibration, which involves the obvious phenomenon of multiple impulses, is a kind of sparse signal and the GI has been widely used in the diagnosis of rotating machine faults. However, why the GI can be used to evaluate the sparsity or impulsiveness of a signal has not been revealed directly. In this study, the mathematical mechanism of the GI, used for the representation of the multiple-impulse phenomenon, is deeply researched based on the theoretical deviation of the GI with regard to several typical signals. The theoretical results show that the GI increases with the increment in the number of impulses in the signal when the signal is interrupted by relatively low degrees of white noise. The bigger the difference between the amplitude of the impulse and the variance in the noise, the bigger the value of the GI. Namely, the signal-to-noise ratio has a great influence on the value of the GI. However, the GI is still a powerful tool for the characterization of the impulsive intensity of the multiple-impulse phenomenon. Both simulation and experimental data analysis are introduced to show the application of the GI in practice. It is shown that the fault diagnosis method based on the maximization of the GI is more powerful than that of kurtosis in terms of the extraction of fault features of rolling element bearings (REBs).
Multi-Stage Design Method for Complex Gas Supply and Exhaust System of Space Station
Authors: Guo Dongcai , Zhu Qinglin , Zhang Lu , Zhang Jule , Guo Dong , Wang Fufu , Wang Anping , Xu Ying , Sheng Qiang , Wang Ke
Published: December 2024

The supply and exhaust system of the experimental rack on the Chinese space station is a complex integrated system. In this paper, a multi-stage simulation, testing, and verification method is designed for a multi-team, multi-location, and multi-stage integrated gas system. This method is designed to solve the problem of missing input parameters between the gas supply system and the exhaust system. Preliminary tests and strategy verifications were carried out through theoretical simulation and semi-physical simulation, and good calculation results were obtained for the single-rack product. The external systems were tested using a simulation system, and a calculation method was designed to obtain relatively accurate parameters. In the early stage, the performance of the product was predicted using the parameter library of Flomaster and semi-physical simulation methods, but the error was large. In the middle and late stages of development, as some products became realistic, multi-stage testing was carried out using a vacuum simulator, simulated flow resistance, and other methods, achieving a performance prediction with an error of 12% before ground testing. The final ground test and on-orbit test showed that the design and calculation method of this paper is effective. The multi-stage design method proposed in this paper was successfully applied to the integrated gas system of the Chinese space station, which can provide a reference for the design of fluid components in long-term system engineering.
Geochemical Profiles of Deep Sediment Layers from the Kolubara District (Western Serbia): Contamination Status and Associated Risks of Heavy Metals
Authors: Vasić Milica Vidak , Radomirović Milena , Velasco Pedro M. , Mijatović Nevenka
Published: December 2024

Global awareness of the harmful effects of heavy metal contamination in soil has increased significantly. Understanding the vertical distribution of oxides and elements is vital for tracing the history of potential contamination. Thus, this study focuses on deep sediment cores primarily composed of quartz and clay minerals from a small village in the western Tamnava Basin of Serbia. The aim was to assess the vertical distribution of 11 oxides and 21 elements and the ecological risks of eight heavy metals by analyzing 250 sediment samples from 18 boreholes at depths ranging from 5 to 58.5 m. Deep sediment core samples were analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ED-XRF). Potential contamination levels were evaluated within the study area. Additionally, samples were analyzed for total carbonate and organic carbon contents and particles retained on a 0.063 mm sieve. Higher than permitted concentrations of vanadium (V), thallium (Tl), and barium (Ba) were found. Notably, this zone is located above a proposed lithium and boron mine in Gornje Nedeljice, making it crucial for monitoring efforts. Even if mining operations do not commence, examining the deep sediment layers in this rural area remains important. This study offers novel and valuable data on the concentrations of potentially toxic elements in undisturbed deep sediment, serving as a benchmark for future comparisons.
Chemical Topping and Planting Density Interactively Affect Cotton Growth and Partitioning Index
Authors: Zhang Yutong , Chen Yongfan , Sun Shuai , Zhang Pengzhong , Zhang Zeshan , Wang Xuejiao , Tang Xuelian , Yang Mingfeng , Xiang Dao , Wang Sen , Ji Fen , Zhang Lizhen
Published: December 2024

Due to the labor shortage, replacing manual topping with chemical topping has become an important practice in cotton-producing areas such as Xinjiang, China. Similarly, increasing planting density is a common strategy to enhance cotton yields. This study aimed to quantify the interactive effects of chemical topping and planting density on cotton growth and assimilate partitioning. To achieve this, a two-year (2020–2021) field experiment was conducted in Xinjiang, China. The main plots were assigned low (15 plants m−2) or high plant density (25 plants m−2), and the subplots were chemical topping using heavy amounts of mepiquat chloride (MC) or manual topping. The dynamics of dry matter accumulation and partitioning in cotton were well quantified using a beta-growth function with an overall nRMSE of 11.5%. Results indicated that chemical topping increased aboveground dry matter maximum by 4.88%, fruit dry matter maximum by 17.9% and seed cotton yield by 14.0% compared to manual topping. At low plant density, the partitioning index between vegetative and reproductive organs showed no significant differences. However, at high plant density, the time when 50% of assimilate partitioning to reproductive organs for chemical topping was 2.6 physiological days (under optimal temperature conditions) delayed than that for manual topping, resulting in a 2.7 physiological days delay in the time that fruits reached maximum growth rate. The results of the study suggest that applying chemicals for topping a little earlier in high-density planting could reduce the negative effects of delayed boll growth and promote carbon assimilate partitioning to fruit growth.
Major QTL Mapping and Candidate Gene Analysis of Branching Number Habits in Cucumis melo
Authors: Wang Ling , Yang Limin , Zhang Fan , Dai Dongyang , Wang Di , Sheng Yunyan
Published: December 2024

Branching number (BN) is a crucial architectural trait in Cucumis melo. Because of its multiple branch habits, much more labour costs are needed in melon production. However, the genetic mechanism of branching numbers in melon is not clear. Here, a genetic population from multiple branching material S8 (only two branching number in the first node) as the female line and S7 (multiple branching numbers in each node; more than nine branch numbers) as the male parent is used to make a cross F2:3 generation. By performing QTL mapping based on bulked segregate analysis (BSA) after two years, a candidate QTL region of the BN was located on chromosome 3. For further QTL mapping, a genetic linkage map, which contained 16 SSR markers with a total length of 2.27 Mb, was constructed. One major QTL locus bnDQ-2022-3.1 was detected between CmSSR9556 and CmSSR9580, with a LOD threshold of 11.37 and a contribution rate of 49.11% in the spring of 2022 in Daqing City. Then, a consistent QTL bnSY-2022-3.1 was also investigated in Sanya, Hainan Province, in the autumn of 2022, with a LOD threshold of 10.85 and a contribution rate of 45.01%. Nine genes were investigated within the interval of the candidate region located in chromosome 3 between 22,723,436 and 22,807,889 of the melon’s physical position within the 85.45 kb length region. Gene expression analysis showed significant differences between MELO3C019872.2.1, MELO3C030060.2.1, and MELO3C019871.2.1 in different development stages. Gene sequence different analysis revealed a “C”-to-“T” mutation in the 1280 bp site of MELO3C030060.2.1 in parental lines. Heterologous transformation of MELO3C030060.2.1 into cucumber revealed that overexpression of MELO3C030060.2.1 resulted in more and denser branches in cucumber plants, and the growth rate of lateral branches was significantly faster than that of the wild type. Transferring to antisense of MELO3C030060.2.1 had the opposite effect. To sum up, MELO3C030060.2.1 is related to melon branching initial habits. This study could provide a new insight into melon branching habits and provide a theoretical base for melon breeding.
Drivers of Adoption of Sustainable Prickly Pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) Innovations and Conservation Agriculture by Smallholder Farmers in Morocco
Authors: Slot Laura Eline , Fort Fatiha
Published: December 2024

Climate change poses significant challenges for countries in Northern Africa such as Morocco. Smallholder farmers are especially vulnerable to climate change because they experience several challenges in the adoption of climate-resilient practices. The sustainable and well-managed cultivation of the cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) could contribute to conservation agriculture (CA) in dry climates threatened by climate change. Due to its high-water-use efficiency and ability to withstand extremely dry conditions, the cactus pear is increasingly being recognised as a more sustainable alternative to traditional livestock foraging in dryland areas. Compared to many other common crops and fodder, the cactus pear is easy to establish, maintain, and has a wealth of uses. Two innovative cultivation techniques are being developed: (1) the use of mixed inoculum formulations containing AMF (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi) and PGPB (Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria) in the soil; and (2) intercropping between perennial (cactus pear) and short-term species (field crops). We propose to identify factors that could facilitate farmers’ innovation adoption. We conducted face-to-face interviews with 24 smallholder cactus pear farmers in Morocco. We concluded that farmers do not yet have a comprehensive understanding of the principles of the innovations. The main aim of farmers was to increase production and income. Farmers, in general, pay little attention to the environment. The recommendations that are given in relation to these issues are that training and social networks are essential in innovation transfer, adoption needs to be facilitated by providing resources, an innovation transfer needs to be adapted to the current and future needs of farmers, and we need patience so that farmers can slowly learn the innovations.
Iodine Accumulation and Distribution in Carrots (Daucus carota L.)
Authors: Duborská Eva , Bujdoš Marek , Matúš Peter , Diviš Pavel , Urík Martin
Published: December 2024

Iodine is a critical trace element necessary for human and animal health owing to its role in thyroid hormone synthesis. Despite its importance, iodine deficiency remains a global health concern. Traditional methods to address this issue, such as salt iodization, face challenges like iodine loss during storage and cooking. The biofortification of plants, particularly carrots, offers a promising alternative. This study investigates iodine accumulation and distribution in carrots biofortified with potassium iodide (KI) and potassium iodate (KIO3) using single extraction at elevated temperatures with tetramethylammonium hydroxide followed by iodine determination by ICP-MS. Results show that iodine biofortification significantly increases the iodine content of various parts of the carrot, especially the leaves and the root peels. Carrots treated with iodate accumulate 2.7 times more iodine than those treated with iodide. The leaves exhibit the highest iodine content, particularly in iodate-treated plants, where levels can be over 24 times higher than those of control carrots. Root peel and roots also accumulate substantial amounts of iodine, with the iodate treatment resulting in 5.42 mg·kg−1 and 3.75 mg·kg−1 dry weight, respectively. The potential application of biofortified carrots can help meet human dietary iodine requirements; additionally, iodine-rich carrot leaves as livestock feed offer a sustainable approach to increasing the iodine intake in animals.
Characterization of Aminoglycoside-Modifying Enzymes in Uropathogenic Enterobacterales of Community Origin in Casablanca, Morocco
Authors: Essalhi Aicha , Nayme Kaotar , Maaloum Fakhreddine , Errami Abderrahmane , Zerouali Khalid , Bousfiha Ahmed Aziz , El Kettani Assiya
Published: December 2024

Community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent a significant public health issue, primarily due to the increasing antibiotic resistance among uropathogens. This study assesses the resistance status of uropathogenic community Enterobacterales to various antibiotics, particularly aminoglycosides, and determines the prevalence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme (AME) genes, while investigating the coexistence of 16S rRNA methylating enzymes. We analyzed 628 clinical isolates of Enterobacterales obtained from 4282 cytobacteriological urine examinations at the Pasteur Institute Casablanca, Morocco, collected from October 2018 to December 2021. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were conducted using the VITEK 2® COMPACT system, following CA-SFM guidelines. DNA extraction utilized the heat shock method, and subsequent PCR was performed. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 85% of isolates, with Enterobacterales representing 91% of this group. E. coli (73%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (20%) were the most common species among Enterobacterales. Resistance was particularly high for ampicillin (76.7%) and amoxicillin-clavulanate (58%). Among aminoglycosides, gentamicin and tobramycin resistance rates were 33.5% and 35%, respectively, while amikacin resistance was observed in 21.3% of isolates. High frequencies of AME genes were detected, with AAC(3′)-IIa (27.7%) and AAC(6′)-Ib (25.9%) being the most prevalent. Notably, no 16S rRNA methylation genes (rmtA, rmtB, rmtC, rmtD) were found. All tested strains exhibited biofilm-forming capacity, with K. pneumoniae demonstrating intense biofilm production. The study highlights a concerning trend of antibiotic resistance among uropathogenic Enterobacterales in the community setting, correlating genotype with resistance phenotype and emphasizing the need for enhanced surveillance and targeted treatment strategies.
Comparative Analysis of Visitor Codes of Conduct in Chinese and Anglophone Zoos
Authors: Guo Yulei , Fennell David
Published: December 2024

Zoos worldwide use codes of conduct to regulate visitor behavior. Despite their global popularity, the ethical management of zoo visitors remains an underexplored area of research. This study analyzes 899 statements from 27 Chinese zoos and 22 zoos in predominantly English-speaking countries, uncovering significant cross-cultural similarities in the structure and content of these codes. The findings reveal that a deontological approach currently dominates, emphasizing the rule-based regulation of visitor behavior. However, this study highlights the potential to expand the scope of these codes by integrating animal welfare principles and conservation education to foster greater awareness and engagement. Furthermore, adopting teleological and context-sensitive approaches in designing these codes could enhance visitor involvement and support more effective zoo management.
Effects of Bacillus subtilis KG109 on Growth Performance, Carcass Quality, Serum Indicators, Intestinal Morphology, and Digestive Enzymes in Broilers
Authors: Chen Hong , Liu Weixin , Zhang Hao , Yan Yibo , Chen Meiqi , Ding Xiaoling , Zhang Cheng , Jiang Runsheng , Wang Zaigui
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this experiment is to investigate how different doses of Bacillus subtilis KG109 powder affect the growth performance, carcass quality, serum biochemical indexes, serum antioxidant and immunological index, intestinal morphology, and digestive enzyme activity of broilers. Four hundred chicks of a similar weight (1 day old) are randomly assigned to four groups of five replicates of 20 chicks each (half males and half females). The control group is fed a basal ration, and the experimental groups T1, T2, and T3 are supplemented with 6.0 × 108 CFU/kg, 1.2 × 109 CFU/kg, and 1.8 × 109 CFU/kg of Bacillus subtilis KG109 bacterial powder, respectively, in the basal ration. The feeding cycle is 52 d. Compared with the control group, Bacillus subtilis KG109 powder (1) increases the broiler feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p < 0.05), (2) improves the carcass quality (slaughter rate, cooking loss, L* and b* values) (p < 0.05), (3) enhances the serum biochemical indexes (alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), albumin (ALB), and triglycerides (TG)) (p < 0.05), (4) improves the serum antioxidant capacity (total an-tioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX)) and immunoglobulins (lg A, lg G, lg M) (p < 0.05), (5) improves the intestinal morphology (villus height and villus height to crypt depth (VCR)) (p < 0.05), and (6) increases the intestinal digestive enzyme activities (amylase, protease, and lipase) (p < 0.05). In summary, adding Bacillus subtilis KG109 to broiler diets can result in a significant decrease in broilers’ FCR, an increase in their slaughtering rate, a decrease in their serum ALT, ALP, and AST activities, an increase in their serum TG content, an improvement of their immune and antioxidant capacity, an improvement of their intestinal morphology, and an improvement of their intestinal digestive enzyme activity. It is recommended to add 1.8 × 109 CFU/kg of bacteria.
Effect of Bio-Electro-Magnetic-Energy-Regulation (BEMER) Horse Therapy on Cardiopulmonary Function and Recovery Quality After Isoflurane Anesthesia in 100 Horses Subjected to Pars-Plana Vitrectomy: An Investigator-Blinded Clinical Study
Authors: Brandenberger Olivier , Kalinovskiy Andrey , Körner Jens , Genn Hermann , Burger Ralph , Leser Stephan
Published: December 2024

The use of Bio-Electro-Magnetic-Energy-Regulation (BEMER) therapy during general anesthesia has not previously been reported in horses. This randomized, investigator-blinded, placebo-controlled trial evaluates equine cardiopulmonary function and recovery quality after BEMER therapy application for 15 min in 100 horses during general anesthesia using isoflurane for pars-plana vitrectomy surgery as treatment for recurrent uveitis. Visually identical blankets were used in the two groups (1:1 ratio), one with a functional BEMER module and the other with a placebo module. Arterial blood pressure, blood gas, lactate, and creatine kinase (CK) values were measured at different timepoints, and each timepoint was compared between the groups using paired t-tests. The quality of recovery from anesthesia was assessed by one blinded veterinary surgeon using a 10-category scoring system with scores ranging from 10 (best) to 72 (worst) and compared by an ordinary least squares regression analysis. The placebo group had a significantly better recovery (mean 16.1, standard deviation 7.15) than the BEMER-therapy group (mean 22.4, SD 13.0). Arterial blood pressure and blood lactate were lower in the BEMER-therapy group without reaching statistical significance, while CK and blood gas values were comparable. BEMER-horse therapy showed an effect on the recovery quality of horses undergoing general anesthesia.
Effect of Seminal Plasma on the Freezability of Boar Sperm
Authors: Zhu Kuanfeng , Song Yukun , He Zhi , Wang Peng , Wang Xuguang , Liu Guoshi
Published: December 2024

Background: Seminal plasma is an important component of semen and has a significant effect on sperm function. However, the relationship between seminal plasma and sperm freezing capacity has not been fully studied. Purpose: Exploring metabolites and proteins related to the boar sperm freezing capacity in seminal plasma, by metabolomic and proteomic approaches, and directly verifying the protective effect of seminal plasma on the cryopreservation of boar sperm using high and low freezability seminal plasma as base freezing extender. Methods: Semen samples were collected from 30 different boars, 11 high and 11 low freezing-resistant boars were selected after freezing 2~4 times, and seminal plasma was selected at the same time. Sperm motility and movement parameters were analyzed using a CASA system. Reproductive hormones (Testosterone, progesterone, estradiol, prolactin, prostaglandin F2α, luteinoid hormone) in seminal plasma were detected by ELISA. Analysis of proteins and metabolites in high and low freezing-resistant seminal plasma by proteomics and metabolomics techniques. Results: The six reproductive hormones tested were not significantly associated with sperm freezing resistance. A total of 13 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) and 38 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified, while a total of 348 metabolites and 1000 proteins were identified. These DEMs were related to energy metabolism, drugs, or environmental pollutants, while the DEPs were mainly involved in the cytoskeletal dynamics and cell adhesion processes. There were 33 metabolites and 70 proteins significantly associated with mean progress motility (PM) at 10 min and 2 h after thawing. The 70 related proteins were associated with cell division and cycle regulation in gene ontology (GO) terms, as well as KEGG pathways, thermogeneration, and pyruvate metabolism. Using highly freezable boar SP as a base freezing extender made no difference from using lowly freezable boar SP, and both were not as good as the commercial control. Conclusion: There were significant differences in seminal plasma with different freezability, but the similarity was much greater than the difference. The protection effect of seminal plasma is not remarkable, and it does not exhibit superior cryoprotective properties compared to commercial semen cryoelongators. Significance: This study provides a deeper understanding of how seminal plasma composition affects sperm freezabilty. It provides potential biomarkers and targets for improving sperm cryopreservation techniques.
Hemodynamic Response to Lipopolysaccharide Infusion and Effect of Meloxicam Administration on Cardiac Function in Donkeys
Authors: Mendoza Francisco J. , Buzon-Cuevas Antonio , Aguilera-Aguilera Raul , Gonzalez-De Cara Carlos A. , De Las Heras Adelaida , Perez-Ecija Alejandro
Published: December 2024

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in donkeys is observed to be secondary to colic, diarrhea or pleuropneumonia, among other disorders. Horses with SIRS develop secondary disturbances such as hyperlipemia, laminitis, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, and hemodynamic and cardiac derangements, which impair their prognosis and increase the mortality rate. In donkeys, no information is available on the effect of experimentally induced endotoxemia in the cardiovascular system. Acute experimental endotoxemia was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion in six healthy adult non-pregnant jennies. Physical signs, arterial (systolic, diastolic and mean) and central venous pressure were monitored during 360 min. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations were measured in blood samples, and echocardiography was performed. LPS infusion caused an increase in cTnI, hypotension and diminution of central venous pressure, cardiac dysfunction, with a decrease in stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO) and cardiac index, and impairment of ultrasonographic ventricular function parameters. Intravenous meloxicam administration prevented the cTnI increase, hypotension, diminution of SV and CO, and changes in ultrasonographic parameters related to ventricular dysfunction. Thus, meloxicam could be proposed as an effective therapeutical option to control the hemodynamic and cardiac derangements observed in donkeys with SIRS.
Evaluation of Whitening Effects and Identification of Potentially Active Compounds Based on Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis in Different Chrysanthemum Cultivar Extracts
Authors: Wang Fenglan , Liu Huiya , Huang Zifeng , Zhang Yangyang , Lu Yitong , Zhou Yiwei
Published: December 2024

Chrysanthemum is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb. Chrysanthemum extracts are rich in bioactive compounds; however, there are few reports evaluating the whitening effects of organic chrysanthemum extracts. This study assessed the antioxidant and whitening effects of organic extracts from the petals of five chrysanthemum cultivars from Guangdong, China. Significant differences were observed among the five cultivars across various parameters, including IC50 values for tyrosinase inhibition activity, DPPH and ABTS values, UV absorption, and SPF values. Additionally, there were notable variations in total flavonoid, total phenolic, and chlorogenic acid contents. The BJ cultivar extract exhibited strong antioxidant capacity and superior whitening effects, containing the highest levels of total flavonoids, total phenolics, and chlorogenic acid. Correlation analysis indicated a significant relationship between total flavonoid content and IC50 of DPPH, and between chlorogenic acid and both IC50 of ABTS and SPF. Untargeted metabolomic analysis of three representative cultivars (BJ, WYHJ, and JSHJ) identified 22 compounds potentially related to antioxidant and whitening effects. Compounds significantly correlated with multiple antioxidant or whitening indicators (p < 0.05, r > 0.8) included tangeritin, hydroquinone, eupatilin, quercetin 3-(6″-malonyl-glucoside), biochanin A, and cyanidin 3-glucoside. These compounds may play crucial roles in the antioxidant and whitening effects of chrysanthemum extracts. The results highlight the promising antioxidant and whitening properties of chrysanthemum extracts, with certain genotypes, such as BJ, showing potential as superior raw material sources.
Effect of Adaptation to High Concentrations of Cadmium on Soil Phytoremediation Potential of the Middle European Ecotype of a Cosmopolitan Cadmium Hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L.
Authors: Miszczak Ewa , Stefaniak Sebastian , Cembrowska-Lech Danuta , Skuza Lidia , Twardowska Irena
Published: December 2024

The Cd hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. exhibits a cosmopolitan character and proven high and differentiated efficiency. This suggests the possibility of optimizing its Cd phytoremediation capacity and applicability through searching among remote ecotypes/genotypes. However, the extensive studies on this hyperaccumulator have been limited to Far East (Asian) regions. Pioneer pot experiments on the Middle European ecotype of S. nigrum within a concentration range of 0–50 mg kg−1 Cd in soil revealed its Cd phytoremediation capacity to be comparable to Asian ecotypes but with a fundamentally different Cd tolerance threshold. While biomass of the Asian ecotypes declined sharply at Csoil ≈ 10 mg kg−1 Cd, in the Middle European ecotype, a gradual mild biomass decrease occurred within the whole Csoil ≈ 0–50 mg kg−1 Cd range with no toxic symptoms. Its adapted A50 variety was obtained from the seeds of first-generation plants grown in soil with Csoil ≈ 50 mg kg−1 Cd. In this variety, Cd tolerance, accumulation performance, and all physiological parameters (chlorophyll, carotenoids, RuBisCO, and first- and second-line defense anti-oxidant activity) were significantly enhanced, while cell damage by ROS was considerably lesser. This makes the Middle European ecotype and its adapted variety A50 particularly useful to sustainable decontamination of heavily polluted “hot spots” in degraded post-industrial areas.
AI Technologies for Collaborative and Service Robots
Authors: Boschetti Giovanni , Bottin Matteo , Minto Riccardo
Published: December 2024

In the last few years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become increasingly popular, even in the consumer field [...]
Novel Approach for Enhancing Challenging Terrains Using an Integrated Pyrolysis and Furrow-Diking Technology
Authors: Stan Constantin , Nenciu Florin , Vlăduțoiu Laurentiu , Voicea Iulian , Oprescu Marius-Remus
Published: December 2024

Poultry-processing industries generate substantial quantities of waste, posing significant environmental challenges due to the complexity of handling and disposal. This study explores an innovative solution that combines thermochemical treatment of poultry waste with furrow-diking technology to transform non-recyclable feathers and bones into biochar—a nutrient-rich soil amendment. The research identifies optimal pyrolysis conditions for biochar production and evaluates its effects on soil moisture retention, compaction reduction, and erosion control. Experimental trials on sloped terrains reveal that incorporating biochar into compartmentalized furrows enhances water-holding capacity and soil structure, providing a sustainable approach to addressing agricultural challenges. Pyrolyzing poultry waste at 500 °C produced biochar with high nitrogen content and stability, capable of retaining up to 90% of its mass in water and significantly reducing soil compaction. Furthermore, applying 10 metric tons of biochar per hectare can sequester 5–8 metric tons of carbon annually, contributing to long-term carbon mitigation and regenerative agriculture. This integrated methodology combines waste valorization with ecological restoration, unlocking new opportunities for scalable and sustainable soil-management solutions.
An Improved Pied Kingfisher Optimizer for Maritime UAV Path Planning
Authors: Cong Wenyuan , Yi Hao , Yu Feifan , Chen Jiajie , Chen Xinmin , Xu Fengrui
Published: December 2024

Maritime activities have become increasingly frequent with the deepening of economic globalization, highlighting the burgeoning significance of maritime rescue. However, in practical applications, UAVs for maritime rescue face numerous challenges, such as limited endurance and inadequate autonomous planning capabilities. To optimize flight routes and circumvent adverse sea conditions, an improved Pied Kingfisher Optimizer (IPKO) that incorporates refraction reverse learning, variable spiral search, and Cauchy mutation strategies was proposed. Comparative experiments conducted on CEC2005 and CEC2022 datasets with seven traditional algorithms demonstrate that the proposed algorithm exhibits superior precision and convergence speed. Subsequently, a path planning objective function was constructed based on trajectory cost and threat cost to simulate a 3D space for UAV maritime rescue missions, and the IPKO algorithm was applied to address the UAV path planning problem. The results showed that the total cost incurred by the IPKO algorithm decreased by 5.77% compared to the PKO algorithm and by 51.19% compared to the SCA algorithm. Finally, through UAV flight tests validating its practical applicability, it is ascertained that IPKO can enhance rescue efficiency in complex maritime rescue environments.
Surfactant-Free w/o Gelled Emulsions with Benzyl Alcohol: Analytical Study for Varnish Removal on Oil Paintings
Authors: Potenza Marianna , Germinario Silvia , Volpin Stefano , Isella Elisa , Cremonesi Paolo , Casoli Antonella
Published: December 2024

In this study, the use of surfactant-free water-in-oil gelled emulsions containing benzyl alcohol (BAl/w) is proposed as an alternative to the more traditional use of organic solvents for removing varnishes. To mitigate the strong swelling and solvent action of benzyl alcohol and protect the paint and the underlying layers, temporary hydrophobization with cyclomethicone D5 has been proposed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of BAl/w surfactant-free, constructed with three different gelling agents of the aqueous dispersing phase (xanthan gum, agar-agar, and polyacrylate) on the surface of an oil painting varnished with and without preliminary saturation with D5. The role of pH, which can influence the ionization, and therefore the water solubility of terpene molecules and all other acid species present on the surface, was also studied. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies were used to characterize the pigments and the surface before and after varnish removal. Elemental analysis and any morphological changes were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The leaching efficiency of each surfactant-free emulsion applied on the paint surface was evaluated using a gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis: the fatty acid content was established in each sample before and after the treatments.
Exploring the Impact of Thermal Environment on Student Well-Being in Sustainable Campus Settings
Authors: Alkaabi Khaula , Mehmood Kashif , Hdhaiba Saif Bin , Aljaberi Sarah , Alkaabi Noora
Published: December 2024

As universities strive to create sustainable and comfortable learning environments, understanding the factors that influence student well-being is crucial for promoting good health and well-being (SDG 3) and fostering sustainable communities (SDG 11). This study, conducted at a female campus in the UAE, investigates the impact of various external factors on students’ psychological perceptions. Specifically, it examines how abaya color, landscape settings, and time of day affect body fatigue, eye fatigue, and thermal discomfort, providing valuable insights for campus planning and design. Using GrADS and an FLIR thermal camera, this research analyzed temperature, humidity, and surface temperatures. The Kruskal–Wallis test and Don Bonferroni pairwise comparisons were employed to assess the impact of conditions on psychological perceptions. The results indicate that abaya color insignificantly affected perceptions in summer, but light brown was preferred in spring. Landscape sites influenced eye fatigue and skin dryness in summer, favoring shaded areas. The time of day affected body heat, skin dryness, and thermal discomfort, with greater discomfort in summer afternoons. These findings offer valuable insights for campus planning, particularly in hot summer months, promoting students’ psychological well-being (SDG 3) and sustainable campus communities (SDG 11).
Numerical Simulation of Microwave-Induced Cracking of Coal Containing Pyrite Powder Based on a Multi-Field Coupling Model
Authors: Hong Yidu , Long Shengyi , Sun Xiaowan
Published: December 2024

Microwave irradiation has become a potential technical method for coalbed degassing, which can effectively improve its permeability. A coupled electromagnetic—thermomechanical damage (ETMD) model was established to study the damage characteristics of coal containing pyrites. Under microwave irradiation, the temperature increase rate of pyrite was significantly higher compared to the coal matrix. The coal matrix was cracked by expansion stress in high-temperature spots. In the rotational heating mode, the coal matrix was easier to damage than under the static heating mode. The coal matrix damage efficiency was also related to the position of the sample under the static heating mode. Uniform centripetal pressure could inhibit coal matrix damage. Moreover, the pressure distribution affected the damage paths. Compared to no confining pressure, the percentage of areas damaged in coal was lower under low parallel pressure and higher under high parallel pressure.
Predictors of Efficiency in Throwing Disciplines: Insights from 35 Elite Coaches
Authors: Žuvela Frane , Mastelić Marko , Jelaska Goran , Matijašević Paula , Maleš Josip
Published: December 2024

The primary objective of this research was to determine coaches’ assessments of the key variables that define the success model in athletic throwing disciplines, as well as to evaluate differences between sexes in the disciplines of javelin, discus, shot put, and hammer throw. Thus, 35 elite coaches were asked about the influence of maximum strength and explosive power factors, manifested through various physical exercises, on final success in throwing disciplines. The questionnaire gathered general information about the coach’s achievements as an athlete and coach and key strength and power metrics, including knee lunge, knee jerk, back squat, bench press, deadlift, standing long jump, standing triple jump, and the 20 m sprint. A two-way within–within 2 × 4 ANOVA revealed a significant effect of sex (male, female) (p < 0.001, η2 ranged 0.820–0.996) and discipline (javelin, discus, shot put, hammer) (p < 0.001, η2 ranged 0.359–0.996) in all variables except triple standing jump. These findings offer valuable insights into how explosive power and maximum strength are perceived by elite coaches to affect success in different throwing disciplines. The results have practical applications, as they can inform the design and refinement of success models tailored to throwing disciplines, providing essential guidelines for optimizing contemporary training approaches in elite athletics and enhancing performance outcomes across genders and specific events.
Analysis and Prediction of Wear in Interchangeable Milling Insert Tools Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques
Authors: Val Sonia , Lambán María Pilar , Lucia Javier , Royo Jesús
Published: December 2024

Milling machines remain relevant in modern manufacturing, with tool optimization being crucial for cost reduction. Inserts for compound cutting tools can reduce the cost of operations by optimizing their lifespan. This study analyzes the flank wear of cutting tools in milling machines, with an emphasis on evaluating different approaches to predict their lifespan. It compares three distinct modeling approaches for predicting tool lifespan using algorithms: traditional ensemble methods (Random Forest, Gradient Boosting) and a deep learning-based LSTM network. Each model is evaluated independently, and this comparative analysis aims to determine which modeling strategy best captures the intricate interactions between various process variables affecting tool wear. This method ensures greater efficiency and accuracy than conventional techniques, providing a scalable, resource-efficient solution for reliable and insightful tool wear predictions. The results obtained from the dataset of an insert tool can be extrapolated to other milling inserts and demonstrate the progression of tool wear over time under varying cutting parameters, providing critical insights for optimizing milling operations. The integration of uncertainty awareness in the predictive outputs is a unique feature of this research and enhances decision-making for smarter manufacturing. This proactive approach enhances operational efficiency and reduces overall production costs. Furthermore, the data-driven, AI-centric methodology developed in this study offers a transferable approach that can be adapted to other machining processes, advancing state-of-the-art tool wear prediction.
Application of a Validated HPLC Method for the Determination of Resveratrol, Ferulic Acid, Quercetin, Retinol, and α-Tocopherol in a Cold Cream—Permeability Study
Authors: Karavalasi Athanasia , Almpani Sofia , Tserkezou Panagiota , Chachlioutaki Konstantina , Kamaris Georgios , Markopoulou Catherine K.
Published: December 2024

Due to the rapid increase in the use of anti-aging cosmetic products, there is a need to develop valid analytical methods to control their quality. The present work deals with the development and validation of a new chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of five lipophilic components (resveratrol, ferulic acid, quercetin, retinol, and α-tocopherol), with anti-aging properties, in a cold cream (w/o). For the HPLC-UV separation of the active ingredients, an HS, Discovery® Supelco (Supelco Inc., Bellefonte, PA, USA), C18 column (25 cm × 4.6 mm), 5 μm (at 40 °C) was used as a stationary phase while a binary system of A: Acetonitrile with formic acid 0.2% and B: H2O with formic acid 0.2%, in gradient elution (flow 1.5 mL·min−1), was used as mobile. The analytical method was validated according to ICH guidelines Q2(R2), where linearity (r2 ≥ 0.998), selectivity, precision (% recovery 97.1–101.9), and accuracy (%RSD < 2) were evaluated. The processing of the samples for the recovery of the five analytes from the cream was investigated by experimental design methodology and the cross D-optimal technique (% recovery 98.5–102.9, %RSD < 2%, n = 5). Finally, the same analysis was applied to study the transdermal penetration of the active ingredients incorporated in cold cream (over a period of 8 h). Their behavior was compared with the corresponding one in suspension using Franz cells in a vertical arrangement. The new method is considered reliable for the analysis of the anti-aging product.
Stability Analysis of DC Microgrids: Insights for Enhancing Renewable Energy Integration, Efficiency and Power Quality
Authors: Sousa António , Grasel Bernhard , Baptista José
Published: December 2024

In the current context of smart grids, microgrids have proven to be an effective solution to meet the energy needs of neighborhoods and collective buildings. This study investigates the voltage behavior and other critical parameters within a direct current (DC) microgrid to enhance system efficiency, stability, and reliability. The dynamic performance of a DC microgrid is analyzed under varying load and generation conditions, with particular emphasis on the voltage response and load-sharing mechanisms required to ensure stable operation. The findings indicate that specific control strategies, particularly droop methods, are effective in mitigating voltage fluctuations, enhancing power quality, and ensuring proper load distribution across multiple sources. This study also addresses significant challenges, including voltage regulation and fault resilience, to provide guidelines for designing robust and efficient DC microgrids. These insights are essential to inspire further advancements in control strategies and facilitate the practical deployment of DC microgrids as a sustainable solution for distributed energy systems, especially in scenarios prioritizing high DC load penetration and renewable energy integration.
Technical Code Analysis of Geomagnetic Flaw Detection of Suppression Rigging Defect Signal Based on Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Zhao Gang , Han Changyu , Yu Zhongxiang , Li Zhipan , Yu Guoao , Zhang Hongmei , Zhao Dadong , Jiang Zhengyi
Published: December 2024

In this paper, technical code analysis and recognition of the defect signal of the suppression rigging based on a convolutional neural network are carried out given the difficulty and low recognition rate of the defect detection and recognition of the suppression rigging. Firstly, the magnetic induction signal of the suppression rigging defects is collected using CM-801 (Anshan, China), Kalman filtering is used to screen and pre-process the collected data, and the noise reduction data are presented in the form of a cloud image. The pressed rigging defect data set is constructed, and the region of broken wire defect and stress in the image is calibrated. The single-stage object detection algorithm YOLOv5 (You Only Look Once) based on convolutional neural network model calculation is used, the scale detection layer and positioning loss function of the YOLOv5 algorithm are improved and optimized, and the improved YOLOv5 algorithm is used for experiments. The experimental results show that the detection accuracy of the convolution neural network model can reach 97.1%, which can effectively identify the defect signal of the suppressed rigging.