bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of survival prognostic models for head and neck cancer patients using machine learning and dosiomics and CT radiomics features: a multicentric study
Authors: Mansouri Zahra , Salimi Yazdan , Amini Mehdi , Hajianfar Ghasem , Oveisi Mehrdad , Shiri Isaac , Zaidi Habib
Published: January 2024

Background

This study aimed to investigate the value of clinical, radiomic features extracted from gross tumor volumes (GTVs) delineated on CT images, dose distributions (Dosiomics), and fusion of CT and dose distributions to predict outcomes in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients.

Methods

A cohort of 240 HNC patients from five different centers was obtained from The Cancer Imaging Archive. Seven strategies, including four non-fusion (Clinical, CT, Dose, DualCT-Dose), and three fusion algorithms (latent low-rank representation referred (LLRR),Wavelet, weighted least square (WLS)) were applied. The fusion algorithms were used to fuse the pre-treatment CT images and 3-dimensional dose maps. Overall, 215 radiomics and Dosiomics features were extracted from the GTVs, alongside with seven clinical features incorporated. Five feature selection (FS) methods in combination with six machine learning (ML) models were implemented. The performance of the models was quantified using the concordance index (CI) in one-center-leave-out 5-fold cross-validation for overall survival (OS) prediction considering the time-to-event.

Results

The mean CI and Kaplan-Meier curves were used for further comparisons. The CoxBoost ML model using the Minimal Depth (MD) FS method and the glmnet model using the Variable hunting (VH) FS method showed the best performance with CI = 0.73 ± 0.15 for features extracted from LLRR fused images. In addition, both glmnet-Cindex and Coxph-Cindex classifiers achieved a CI of 0.72 ± 0.14 by employing the dose images (+ incorporated clinical features) only.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrated that clinical features, Dosiomics and fusion of dose and CT images by specific ML-FS models could predict the overall survival of HNC patients with acceptable accuracy. Besides, the performance of ML methods among the three different strategies was almost comparable.
Fulgor: a fast and compact k-mer index for large-scale matching and color queries
Authors: Fan Jason , Khan Jamshed , Singh Noor Pratap , Pibiri Giulio Ermanno , Patro Rob
Published: January 2024

The problem of sequence identification or matching—determining the subset of reference sequences from a given collection that are likely to contain a short, queried nucleotide sequence—is relevant for many important tasks in Computational Biology, such as metagenomics and pangenome analysis. Due to the complex nature of such analyses and the large scale of the reference collections a resource-efficient solution to this problem is of utmost importance. This poses the threefold challenge of representing the reference collection with a data structure that is efficient to query, has light memory usage, and scales well to large collections. To solve this problem, we describe an efficientcolored de Bruijngraph index, arising as the combination of ak-mer dictionary with a compressed inverted index. The proposed index takes full advantage of the fact that unitigs in the colored compacted de Bruijn graph aremonochromatic(i.e., allk-mers in a unitig have the same set of references of origin, orcolor). Specifically, the unitigs are kept in the dictionary in color order, thereby allowing for the encoding of the map fromk-mers to their colors in as little as 1 +o(1) bits per unitig. Hence, one color per unitig is stored in the index with almost no space/time overhead. By combining this property with simple but effective compression methods for integer lists, the index achieves very small space. We implement these methods in a tool called , and conduct an extensive experimental analysis to demonstrate the improvement of our tool over previous solutions. For example, compared to —the strongest competitor in terms of index space vs. query time trade-off— requires significantly less space (up to 43% less space for a collection of 150,000Salmonella entericagenomes), is at least twice as fast for color queries, and is 2–6$$\times$$×faster to construct.
Percutaneous kyphoplasty combined with pediculoplasty for the surgical treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar burst fractures
Authors: Xiao Changming , Wang Haozhong , Lei Yang , Xie Mingzhong , Li Sen
Published: January 2024

Objective

This study introduces a minimally invasive technique for efficient three-column reconstruction, augmentation, and stabilization of osteoporotic thoracolumbar burst fractures (OTLBFs).

Methods

Sixty-eight patients with OTLBFs and no neurological deficits were included from July 2019 to September 2020. The patients were divided into two groups: the simple percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) group (n = 32) and the percutaneous kyphoplasty combined with pediculoplasty (PKCPP) group (n = 36). The clinical and radiological outcomes were assessed during a minimum 1-year follow-up period. Clinical outcomes were assessed via the visual analog scale (VAS) and modified MacNab grading criteria. The radiological outcomes included the Cobb angle (CA), anterior wall height (AWH), and posterior wall height (PWH). The surgery duration, postoperative analgesic dosage, length of hospital stay, and complications were recorded.

Results

Surgery duration was not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). The PKCPP group had a lower analgesic dosage and shorter hospital stay (P < 0.05). Postoperatively, the PKCPP group exhibited better VAS scores and modified MacNab scale scores (P < 0.05), but the differences at the last follow-up assessment were not significant (P > 0.05). Postoperative CA, AWH, and PWH correction were not significantly different on the first postoperative day (P > 0.05). However, the PKCPP group had significantly less CA and PWH loss of correction at the last follow-up visit (P < 0.05). The PKCPP group had significantly fewer complications (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The PKCPP technique complements simple PKP for OTLBFs. It quickly relieves pain, maintains the vertebral body height and Cobb angle, ensures cement stabilization, and offers more stable three-column support.
Drivers of men’s use of intimate partner violence in conflict-affected settings: learnings from the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Bourey Christine , Musci Rashelle J. , Bass Judith K. , Glass Nancy , Matabaro Amani , Kelly Jocelyn T. D.
Published: January 2024

Background

Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is prevalent in conflict-affected settings. Yet, there is limited knowledge about the risk factors that influence men’s use of IPVAW in conflict-affected settings. This paper adopts a transdisciplinary perspective to understand how experiences hypothesized to increase men’s use of IPVAW relate to each other and to men’s use of IPVAW. The findings may help researchers and interventionists to better select and target interventions for IPVAW in conflict-affected settings.

Methods

We used baseline data from the Tushinde Ujeuri project in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Men with at least partial data for the variables of interest were included in the analysis (n = 2080). We estimated a structural equation model that explored how five constructs – interpersonal violence, mental health, socioeconomic adversity, gender inequitable attitudes, and conflict violence – influenced men’s self-reported past-year use of physical and/or sexual IPVAW.

Results

The model had acceptable fit (χ2 = 1576.574, p = 0.000; RMSEA = 0.041; CLI = 0.882; SRMR = 0.055). There was a statistically significant path from interpersonal violence to IPVAW (β = 0.875; OR = 2.40). Interpersonal violence also was linked to gender inequitable attitudes (β = 0.364), which were linked to increased use of IPVAW (β = 0.180; OR = 1.20). Moreover, interpersonal violence was linked to trauma symptoms (β = 0.331), which were linked to increased use of IPVAW (β = 0.238; OR = 1.27). Use of IPVAW decreased as conflict exposures increased (β=-0.036; OR = 0.96), and there was no path from socioeconomic adversity to IPVAW.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest interpersonal violence exposures, trauma symptoms, and gender inequitable attitudes are all risk factors for the use of IPVAW in a conflict-affected setting. While continuing to focus on gender inequitable attitudes and norms, interventionists should also consider addressing men’s experiences of victimization and mental wellbeing. Doing so can help to improve trauma symptoms and may hold promise to reduce IPVAW in conflict-affected settings.
The dopamine receptor D1 inhibitor, SKF83566, suppresses GBM stemness and invasion through the DRD1-c-Myc-UHRF1 interactions
Authors: Xue Zhiyi , Zhang Yan , Zhao Ruiqi , Liu Xiaofei , Grützmann Konrad , Klink Barbara , Zhang Xun , Wang Shuai , Zhao Wenbo , Sun Yanfei , Han Mingzhi , Wang Xu , Hu Yaotian , Liu Xuemeng , Yang Ning , Qiu Chen , Li Wenjie , Huang Bin , Li Xingang , Bjerkvig Rolf , Wang Jian , Zhou Wenjing
Published: January 2024

Background

Extensive local invasion of glioblastoma (GBM) cells within the central nervous system (CNS) is one factor that severely limits current treatments. The aim of this study was to uncover genes involved in the invasion process, which could also serve as therapeutic targets. For the isolation of invasive GBM cells from non-invasive cells, we used a three-dimensional organotypic co-culture system where glioma stem cell (GSC) spheres were confronted with brain organoids (BOs). Using ultra-low input RNA sequencing (ui-RNA Seq), an invasive gene signature was obtained that was exploited in a therapeutic context.

Methods

GFP-labeled tumor cells were sorted from invasive and non-invasive regions within co-cultures. Ui-RNA sequencing analysis was performed to find a gene cluster up-regulated in the invasive compartment. This gene cluster was further analyzed using the Connectivity MAP (CMap) database. This led to the identification of SKF83566, an antagonist of the D1 dopamine receptor (DRD1), as a candidate therapeutic molecule. Knockdown and overexpression experiments were performed to find molecular pathways responsible for the therapeutic effects of SKF83566. Finally, the effects of SKF83566 were validated in orthotopic xenograft models in vivo.

Results

Ui-RNA seq analysis of three GSC cell models (P3, BG5 and BG7) yielded a set of 27 differentially expressed genes between invasive and non-invasive cells. Using CMap analysis, SKF83566 was identified as a selective inhibitor targeting both DRD1 and DRD5. In vitro studies demonstrated that SKF83566 inhibited tumor cell proliferation, GSC sphere formation, and invasion. RNA sequencing analysis of SKF83566-treated P3, BG5, BG7, and control cell populations yielded a total of 32 differentially expressed genes, that were predicted to be regulated by c-Myc. Of these, the UHRF1 gene emerged as the most downregulated gene following treatment, and ChIP experiments revealed that c-Myc binds to its promoter region. Finally, SKF83566, or stable DRD1 knockdown, inhibited the growth of orthotopic GSC (BG5) derived xenografts in nude mice.

Conclusions

DRD1 contributes to GBM invasion and progression by regulating c-Myc entry into the nucleus that affects the transcription of the UHRF1 gene. SKF83566 inhibits the transmembrane protein DRD1, and as such represents a candidate small therapeutic molecule for GBMs.
Differential patterns of reproductive and lifestyle risk factors for breast cancer according to birth cohorts among women in China, Japan and Korea
Authors: Nabila Salma , Choi Ji-Yeob , Abe Sarah Krull , Islam Md Rashedul , Rahman Md Shafiur , Saito Eiko , Shin Aesun , Merritt Melissa A. , Katagiri Ryoko , Shu Xiao-Ou , Sawada Norie , Tamakoshi Akiko , Sakata Ritsu , Hozawa Atsushi , Kim Jeongseon , Nagata Chisato , Park Sue K. , Kweon Sun-Seog , Cai Hui , Tsugane Shoichiro , Kimura Takashi , Kanemura Seiki , Sugawara Yumi , Wada Keiko , Shin Min-Ho , Ahsan Habibul , Boffetta Paolo , Chia Kee Seng , Matsuo Keitaro , Qiao You-Lin , Rothman Nathaniel , Zheng Wei , Inoue Manami , Kang Daehee
Published: January 2024

Background

The birth cohort effect has been suggested to influence the rate of breast cancer incidence and the trends of associated reproductive and lifestyle factors. We conducted a cohort study to determine whether a differential pattern of associations exists between certain factors and breast cancer risk based on birth cohorts.

Methods

This was a cohort study using pooled data from 12 cohort studies. We analysed associations between reproductive (menarche age, menopause age, parity and age at first delivery) and lifestyle (smoking and alcohol consumption) factors and breast cancer risk. We obtained hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the Cox proportional hazard regression analysis on the 1920s, 1930s, 1940s and 1950s birth cohorts.

Results

Parity was found to lower the risk of breast cancer in the older but not in the younger birth cohort, whereas lifestyle factors showed associations with breast cancer risk only among the participants born in the 1950s. In the younger birth cohort group, the effect size was lower for parous women compared to the other cohort groups (HR [95% CI] 0.86 [0.66–1.13] compared to 0.60 [0.49–0.73], 0.46 [0.38–0.56] and 0.62 [0.51–0.77]). Meanwhile, a higher effect size was found for smoking (1.45 [1.14–1.84] compared to 1.25 [0.99–1.58], 1.06 [0.85–1.32] and 0.86 [0.69–1.08]) and alcohol consumption (1.22 [1.01–1.48] compared to 1.10 [0.90–1.33], 1.15 [0.96–1.38], and 1.07 [0.91–1.26]).

Conclusion

We observed different associations of parity, smoking and alcohol consumption with breast cancer risk across various birth cohorts.
Bathing Adaptations in the Homes of Older Adults (BATH-OUT-2): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial, economic evaluation and process evaluation
Authors: Whitehead Phillip J. , Belshaw Stuart , Brady Samantha , Coleman Elizabeth , Dean Alexandra , Doherty Laura , Fairhurst Caroline , Francis-Farrell Sandra , Golding-Day Miriam , Gray Joanne , Martland Maisie , McAnuff Jennifer , McCarthy Andrew , McMeekin Peter , Mitchell Natasha , Narayanasamy Melanie , Newman Craig , Parker Adwoa , Rapley Tim , Rodgers Sara , Rooney Leigh , Russell Rachel , Sheard Laura , Torgerson David
Published: January 2024

Background

The onset of disability in bathing is particularly important for older adults as it can be rapidly followed by disability in other daily activities; this may represent a judicious time point for intervention in order to improve health, well-being and associated quality of life. An important environmental and preventative intervention is housing adaptation, but there are often lengthy waiting times for statutory provision. In this randomised controlled trial (RCT), we aim to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of bathing adaptations compared to no adaptations and to explore the factors associated with routine and expedited implementation of bathing adaptations.

Methods

BATH-OUT-2 is a multicentre, two-arm, parallel-group RCT. Adults aged 60 and over who are referred to their local authority for an accessible level access shower will be randomised, using pairwise randomisation, 1:1, to receive either an expedited provision of an accessible shower via the local authority or a usual care control waiting list. Participants will be followed up for a maximum of 12 months and will receive up to four follow-ups in this duration. The primary outcome will be the participant’s physical well-being, assessed by the Physical Component Summary score of the Short Form-36 (SF-36), 4 weeks after the intervention group receives the accessible shower. The secondary outcomes include the Mental Component Summary score of the SF-36, self-reported falls, health and social care resource use, health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L), social care-related quality of life (Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit (ASCOT)), fear of falling (Short Falls Efficacy Scale), independence in bathing (Barthel Index bathing question), independence in daily activities (Barthel Index) and perceived difficulty in bathing (0–100 scale). A mixed-methods process evaluation will comprise interviews with stakeholders and a survey of local authorities with social care responsibilities in England.

Discussion

The BATH-OUT-2 trial is designed so that the findings will inform future decisions regarding the provision of bathing adaptations for older adults. This trial has the potential to highlight, and then reduce, health inequalities associated with waiting times for bathing adaptations and to influence policies for older adults.

Trial registration

ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN48563324. Prospectively registered on 09/04/2021.
A physiotherapy group exercise and self-management approach to improve physical activity in people with mild-moderate Parkinson’s disease: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Brauer Sandra G. , Lamont Robyn M. , O’Sullivan John D.
Published: January 2024

Background

Physical activity levels are low in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and have proved difficult to increase with exercise programs alone. Intervention approaches that address both the capacity to engage in physical activity and self-management strategies to change and maintain exercise behaviours are needed to address this intractable issue.

Methods

This will be an assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial performed in Brisbane, Australia. Ninety-two people with mild-moderate PD will be randomly allocated to two groups: usual care, and a physiotherapy-led group exercise program combined with self-management strategies. In the intervention group, twelve, 80-min sessions will be conducted over 4 weeks in groups of up to 4 participants. The intervention will consist of circuit training including treadmill walking to target aerobic fitness, and activities targeting strength, balance, and gait performance. In addition, each session will also incorporate strategies focusing on self-management and behaviour change, augmented by the provision of a fitness activity tracker. Outcome measures will be collected at baseline (T1), immediately post intervention (T2) and at 6 months follow-up (T3). The primary outcome measure is free-living physical activity (average daily step count over 7 days) at pre (T1) and post (T2) intervention measured using an activPAL™ device. Secondary outcome measures captured at all time points include time spent walking, sedentary and in moderate intensity exercise over 7 days; spatiotemporal gait performance (step length, gait speed, endurance); health-related quality of life; and outcome expectations and self-efficacy for exercise.

Discussion

Sustainability of gains in physical activity following exercise interventions is a challenge for most populations. Our incorporation of a chronic disease self-management approach into the exercise program including fitness tracking extends previous trials and has potential to significantly improve free-living physical activity in people with PD.

Trial registration

This study has been prospectively registered in Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12617001057370), registered on 19/07/2017. Available from www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12617001057370.aspx.
Efficacy and safety of azvudine in symptomatic adult COVID-19 participants who are at increased risk of progressing to critical illness: a study protocol for a multicentre randomized double-blind placebo-controlled phase III trial
Authors: Tian Xinlun , Xu Yan , Wang Luo , Dong Chongya , Yan Xiaoyan , Fan Junping , Xie Huaiya , Zhang Hong , Wang Jinglan , Liu Yongjian , Wang Yaqi , Pan Siqi , Wu Aohua , Liu Xueqi , Yao Chen , Wang Mengzhao
Published: January 2024

Background

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 will coexist with humans for a long time, and it is therefore important to develop effective treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Recent studies have demonstrated that antiviral therapy is a key factor in preventing patients from progressing to severe disease, even death. Effective and affordable antiviral medications are essential for disease treatment and are urgently needed. Azvudine, a nucleoside analogue, is a potential low-cost candidate with few drug interactions. However, validation of high-quality clinical studies is still limited.

Methods

This is a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III clinical trial involving 1096 adult patients with mild-to-moderate symptoms of COVID-19 who are at high risk for progression to severe COVID-19. Patients will be randomized to (1) receive azvudine tablets 5 mg daily for a maximum of 7 days or (2) receive placebo five tablets daily. All participants will be permitted to use a standard treatment strategy except antiviral therapy beyond the investigational medications. The primary outcome will be the ratio of COVID-19-related critical illness and all-cause mortality among the two groups within 28 days.

Discussion

The purpose of this clinical trial is to determine whether azvudine can prevent patients at risk of severe disease from progressing to critical illness and death, and the results will identify whether azvudine is an effective and affordable antiviral treatment option for COVID-19.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05689034. Registered on 18 January 2023.
Developing, purchasing, implementing and monitoring AI tools in radiology: practical considerations. A multi-society statement from the ACR, CAR, ESR, RANZCR & RSNA
Authors: Brady Adrian P. , Allen Bibb , Chong Jaron , Kotter Elmar , Kottler Nina , Mongan John , Oakden-Rayner Lauren , dos Santos Daniel Pinto , Tang An , Wald Christoph , Slavotinek John
Published: January 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) carries the potential for unprecedented disruption in radiology, with possible positive and negative consequences. The integration of AI in radiology holds the potential to revolutionize healthcare practices by advancing diagnosis, quantification, and management of multiple medical conditions. Nevertheless, the ever-growing availability of AI tools in radiology highlights an increasing need to critically evaluate claims for its utility and to differentiate safe product offerings from potentially harmful, or fundamentally unhelpful ones.

This multi-society paper, presenting the views of Radiology Societies in the USA, Canada, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand, defines the potential practical problems and ethical issues surrounding the incorporation of AI into radiological practice. In addition to delineating the main points of concern that developers, regulators, and purchasers of AI tools should consider prior to their introduction into clinical practice, this statement also suggests methods to monitor their stability and safety in clinical use, and their suitability for possible autonomous function. This statement is intended to serve as a useful summary of the practical issues which should be considered by all parties involved in the development of radiology AI resources, and their implementation as clinical tools.

Key points • The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) in radiological practice demands increased monitoring of its utility and safety.

• Cooperation between developers, clinicians, and regulators will allow all involved to address ethical issues and monitor AI performance.

• AI can fulfil its promise to advance patient well-being if all steps from development to integration in healthcare are rigorously evaluated.
A necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of global solutions to reaction-diffusion equations on bounded domains
Authors: Chung Soon-Yeong , Hwang Jaeho
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this paper is to give a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence and non-existence of global solutions of the following semilinear parabolic equations $$ u_{t}=\Delta u+\psi (t)f(u),\quad \text{in }\Omega \times (0,\infty ), $$

u
t

=
Δ
u
+
ψ
(
t
)
f
(
u
)
,

in 
Ω
×
(
0
,
∞
)
,
under the mixed boundary condition on a bounded domain Ω. In fact, this has remained an open problem for a few decades, even for the case $f(u)=u^{p}$
f
(
u
)
=

u
p

. As a matter of fact, we prove: $$ \begin{aligned} & \text{there is no global solution for any initial data if and only if } \\ & \int _{0}^{\infty}\psi (t) \frac{f (\lVert S(t)u_{0}\rVert _{\infty} )}{\lVert S(t)u_{0}\rVert _{\infty}}\,dt= \infty \\ &\text{for every nonnegative nontrivial initial data } u_{0}\in C_{0}( \Omega ). \end{aligned} $$

there is no global solution for any initial data if and only if 

∫
0
∞

ψ
(
t
)

f
(

∥
S
(
t
)

u
0

∥

∞

)

∥
S
(
t
)

u
0

∥

∞

d
t
=
∞

for every nonnegative nontrivial initial data 

u
0

∈

C
0

(
Ω
)
.

Here, $(S(t))_{t\geq 0}$

(
S
(
t
)
)

t
≥
0

is the heat semigroup with the mixed boundary condition.
Pre-hatch thermal manipulation of embryos and post-hatch baicalein supplementation mitigated heat stress in broiler chickens
Authors: Al Amaz Sadid , Chaudhary Ajay , Mahato Prem Lal , Jha Rajesh , Mishra Birendra
Published: January 2024

Background

High environmental temperatures induce heat stress in broiler chickens, affecting their health and production performance. Several dietary, managerial, and genetics strategies have been tested with some success in mitigating heat stress (HS) in broilers. Developing novel HS mitigation strategies for sustaining broiler production is critically needed. This study investigated the effects of pre-hatch thermal manipulation (TM) and post-hatch baicalein supplementation on growth performance and health parameters in heat-stressed broilers.

Results

Six hundred fertile Cobb 500 eggs were incubated for 21 d. After candling on embryonic day (ED) 10, 238 eggs were thermally manipulated at 38.5 °C with 55% relative humidity (RH) from ED 12 to 18, then transferred to the hatcher (ED 19 to 21, standard temperature) and 236 eggs were incubated at a controlled temperature (37.5 °C) till hatch. After hatch, 180-day-old chicks from both groups were raised in 36 pens (n = 10 birds/pen, 6 replicates per treatment). The treatments were: 1) Control, 2) TM, 3) control heat stress (CHS), 4) thermal manipulation heat stress (TMHS), 5) control heat stress supplement (CHSS), and 6) thermal manipulation heat stress supplement (TMHSS). All birds were raised under the standard environment for 21 d, followed by chronic heat stress from d 22 to 35 (32–33 °C for 8 h) in the CHS, TMHS, CHSS, and TMHSS groups. A thermoneutral (22–24 °C) environment was maintained in the Control and TM groups. RH was constant (50% ± 5%) throughout the trial. All the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA in R and GraphPad software at P < 0.05 and are presented as mean ± SEM. Heat stress significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the final body weight and ADG in CHS and TMHS groups compared to the other groups. Embryonic TM significantly increased (P < 0.05) the expression of heat shock protein-related genes (HSP70, HSP90, and HSPH1) and antioxidant-related genes (GPX1 and TXN). TMHS birds showed a significant increment (P < 0.05) in total cecal volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration compared to the CHS birds. The cecal microbial analysis showed significant enrichment (P < 0.05) in alpha and beta diversity and Coprococcus in the TMHSS group.

Conclusions

Pre-hatch TM and post-hatch baicalein supplementation in heat-stressed birds mitigate the detrimental effects of heat stress on chickens' growth performance, upregulate favorable gene expression, increase VFA production, and promote gut health by increasing beneficial microbial communities.
Metagenomics reveals the temporal dynamics of the rumen resistome and microbiome in goat kids
Authors: Chai Jianmin , Zhuang Yimin , Cui Kai , Bi Yanliang , Zhang Naifeng
Published: January 2024

Background

The gut microbiome of domestic animals carries antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) which can be transmitted to the environment and humans, resulting in challenges of antibiotic resistance. Although it has been reported that the rumen microbiome of ruminants may be a reservoir of ARGs, the factors affecting the temporal dynamics of the rumen resistome are still unclear. Here, we collected rumen content samples of goats at 1, 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 84 days of age, analyzed their microbiome and resistome profiles using metagenomics, and assessed the temporal dynamics of the rumen resistome in goats at the early stage of life under a conventional feeding system.

Results

In our results, the rumen resistome of goat kids contained ARGs to 41 classes, and the richness of ARGs decreased with age. Four antibiotic compound types of ARGs, including drugs, biocides, metals, and multi-compounds, were found during milk feeding, while only drug types of ARGs were observed after supplementation with starter feed. The specific ARGs for each age and their temporal dynamics were characterized, and the network inference model revealed that the interactions among ARGs were related to age. A strong correlation between the profiles of rumen resistome and microbiome was found using Procrustes analysis. Ruminal Escherichia coli within Proteobacteria phylum was the main carrier of ARGs in goats consuming colostrum, while Prevotella ruminicola and Fibrobacter succinogenes associated with cellulose degradation were the carriers of ARGs after starter supplementation. Milk consumption was likely a source of rumen ARGs, and the changes in the rumen resistome with age were correlated with the microbiome modulation by starter supplementation.

Conclusions

Our data revealed that the temporal dynamics of the rumen resistome are associated with the microbiome, and the reservoir of ARGs in the rumen during early life is likely related to age and diet. It may be a feasible strategy to reduce the rumen and its downstream dissemination of ARGs in ruminants through early-life dietary intervention.
Reduced efficacy of single-dose albendazole against Ascaris lumbricoides, and Trichuris trichiura, and high reinfection rate after cure among school children in southern Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Gebreyesus Tigist Dires , Makonnen Eyasu , Tadele Tafesse , Mekete Kalkidan , Gashaw Habtamu , Gerba Heran , Aklillu Eleni
Published: January 2024

Background

Mass drug administration (MDA) program of albendazole to at-risk populations as preventive chemotherapy is the core public health intervention to control soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). Achieving this goal relies on drug effectiveness in reducing the parasite reservoirs in the community and preventing reinfection. We assessed the efficacy of albendazole against STH parasite infection and reinfection status after cure.

Methods

A total of 984 schoolchildren infected with at least one type of STH parasite (hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura) in southern Ethiopia were enrolled and received albendazole and praziquantel in MDA campaign conducted from January to March 2019. Stool exams at week-4 and at week-8 of post-MDA were done using Kato Katz technique. The primary outcome was efficacy assessed by cure rate (CR) and fecal egg reduction rates (ERRs) at four weeks of post-MDA. The secondary outcome was reinfection status defined as parasite egg positivity at eight weeks among those who were cured at 4 weeks of post-MDA. Group comparisons in CR and related factors were assessed with chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests. Predictors of CR were examined through univariate and multivariate regression analyses.

Results

The overall CR and ERR for hookworm infection were 97.2% (95% CI 94.6–99.4) and 97.02%, respectively. The overall CR and ERR for A. lumbricoides were 71.5% (95% CI 68.3–74.6) and 84.5% respectively. The overall CR and ERR and for T. trichiura were 49.5% (95% CI 44.8–54.2) and 68.3%, respectively. The CR among moderate T. trichiura infection intensity was 28.6%. Among children cured of hookworm, A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura at week 4 post-MDA, 4.6%, 18.3% and 52.4% became reinfected at week-8 post-MDA, respectively. Significantly lower CR (36.6%) and higher reinfection after cure (60.6%) among A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura coinfected children than A. lumbricoides only (CR = 69.6%, reinfection rate = 15.1%) or T. trichiura only infected children (CR = 55.6%, reinfection rate = 47.1%) was observed. Pre-treatment coinfection with ≥ two types of STH parasites was significantly associated with re-infection after cure.

Conclusion

Albendazole MDA is efficacious against hookworm but has reduced efficacy against A. lumbricoides and is not effective against T. trichiura. The low drug efficacy and high reinfection rate after cure underscore the need for alternative treatment and integration of other preventive measures to achieve the target of eliminating STHs as a public health problem by 2030.

Graphical Abstract
Spontaneous splenic rupture associated with scrub typhus: a case report
Authors: Hwang Hong Pil , Kim Kyoung Min , Han Hyojin , Hwang Jeong-Hwan
Published: January 2024

Background

Scrub typhus, an acute febrile disease with mild to severe, life-threatening manifestations, potentially presents with a variety of complications, including pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cardiac arrhythmias (such as atrial fibrillation), myocarditis, shock, peptic ulcer, gastrointestinal bleeding, meningitis, encephalitis, and renal failure. Of the various complications associated with scrub typhus, splenic rupture has rarely been reported, and its mechanisms are unknown. This study reports a case of scrub typhus-related spontaneous splenic rupture and identifies possible mechanisms through the gross and histopathologic findings.

Case presentation

A 78-year-old man presented to our emergency room with a 5-day history of fever and skin rash. On physical examination, eschar was observed on the left upper abdominal quadrant. The abdomen was not tender, and there was no history of trauma. The Orientia tsutsugamushi antibody titer using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test was 1:640. On Day 6 of hospitalization, he complained of sudden-onset left upper abdominal quadrant pain and showed mental changes. His vital signs were a blood pressure of 70/40 mmHg, a heart rate pf 140 beats per min, and a respiratory rate of 20 breaths per min, with a temperature of 36.8 °C. There were no signs of gastrointestinal bleeding, such as hematemesis, melena, or hematochezia. Grey Turner's sign was suspected during an abdominal examination. Portable ultrasonography showed retroperitoneal bleeding, so an emergency exploratory laparotomy was performed, leading to a diagnosis of hemoperitoneum due to splenic rupture and a splenectomy. The patient had been taking oral doxycycline (100 mg twice daily) for 6 days; after surgery, this was discontinued, and intravenous azithromycin (500 mg daily) was administered. No arrhythmia associated with azithromycin was observed. However, renal failure with hemodialysis, persistent hyperbilirubinemia, and multiorgan failure occurred. The patient did not recover and died on the fifty-sixth day of hospitalization.

Conclusions

Clinicians should consider the possibility of splenic rupture in patients with scrub typhus who display sudden-onset abdominal pain and unstable vital signs. In addition, splenic capsular rupture and extra-capsular hemorrhage are thought to be caused by splenomegaly and capsular distention resulting from red blood cell congestion in the red pulp destroying the splenic sinus.

Graphical abstract
Relationship of self-reported pica and avoidant restrictive food intake disorder symptomology with dimensions of impulsivity, perceived stress among Pakistani University students
Authors: Haqqi Sara Aleem , Irfan Siddrah
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Pica and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder are two of the three new eating and feeding disorders introduced in the DSM-5, this inclusion has drawn attention to the immediate need for research into their prevalence, diagnostic assessment, underlying risk factors and optimal treatment. There are very few studies available that explored the predictors or causes of these eating disorders specifically in Pakistani context.

Objectives

The objectives of the current study include (a) to estimate the presence of pica and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder symptomology among young adults in Pakistan, (b) to examine the relationship between dimensions of impulsivity, stress and presence of pica and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, (c) to explore the mediation role of stress.

Methods

The sample consisted of 660 young adults with age range 18–25 years, recruited through convenient sampling. The respondents were provided with a questionnaire comprising of an informed consent, a demographic information sheet and self-report measures including PARDI-AR-Q to assess symptomology of pica and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, UPPS-P Impulsive Behaviour Scale to assess dimensions of impulsivity and Perceived Stress Scale to measure perceived stress.

Results

The findings show that 28 participants (4.2%) reported Pica symptomology, of which eleven participants indicated that they currently consume more than one non-food item. 19 respondents (2.8%) reported avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder symptomology. 13 respondents reported varying degrees of all three symptom clusters namely sensory based food avoidance, lack of interest in food, and fear of negative consequences of eating. Additionally, each of the dimensions of impulsivity was found to be positively correlated to the presence of pica and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. Perceived stress was identified as a mediating factor between each of the dimensions of impulsivity and presence of pica and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder.

Conclusion

Although current study focused on a particular age range, it has drawn attention to the necessity of screening and investigating other strata of Pakistani population for pica and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. The clinical utility of the present research resided in the identification of factors associated with pica and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, an information which can be used to tailor psychological interventions, modify existing ones, and inform the future research on evidence-based treatment.
Generalized Estimating Equations Boosting (GEEB) machine for correlated data
Authors: Wang Yuan-Wey , Yang Hsin-Chou , Chen Yi-Hau , Guo Chao-Yu
Published: January 2024

Rapid development in data science enables machine learning and artificial intelligence to be the most popular research tools across various disciplines. While numerous articles have shown decent predictive ability, little research has examined the impact of complex correlated data. We aim to develop a more accurate model under repeated measures or hierarchical data structures. Therefore, this study proposes a novel algorithm, the Generalized Estimating Equations Boosting (GEEB) machine, to integrate the gradient boosting technique into the benchmark statistical approach that deals with the correlated data, the generalized Estimating Equations (GEE). Unlike the previous gradient boosting utilizing all input features, we randomly select some input features when building the model to reduce predictive errors. The simulation study evaluates the predictive performance of the GEEB, GEE, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) across several hierarchical structures with different sample sizes. Results suggest that the new strategy GEEB outperforms the GEE and demonstrates superior predictive accuracy than the SVM and XGBoost in most situations. An application to a real-world dataset, the Forest Fire Data, also revealed that the GEEB reduced mean squared errors by 4.5% to 25% compared to GEE, XGBoost, and SVM. This research also provides a freely available R function that could implement the GEEB machine effortlessly for longitudinal or hierarchical data.
Persisting in tough times across Hong Kong, mainland China, and the Philippines: grit, achievement goal orientation, and science engagement
Authors: Datu Jesus Alfonso D. , Chiu Ming Ming , Mateo Nino Jose , Yang Lan
Published: January 2024

Background

Past studies of grit's educational benefits, such as science engagement, showed mixed results across cultures. So, we elaborated the prior model of grit (perseverance of effort, consistency of interest) with adaptability to situations (forming a triarchic model of grit TMG), and tested TMG's relation to subsequent science engagement.

Methods

In this study, 1,972 high school students in Hong Kong, mainland China, and the Philippines completed surveys twice (about 6 months apart). We analysed these data with multilevel structural equation modelling.

Results

Results showed that country income (GDP per capita) negatively predicted science engagement, while schools with the highest ability students had higher science engagement. Conscientiousness and overall grit positively predicted science engagement at both time periods. Consistency of interest negatively predicted science engagement.

Conclusions

This research demonstrates the potential academic benefits of grit in non-Western societies. Promoting grit may serve as a pathway towards greater students’ engagement in science.
Development of a fabric classification system using drapability and tactile characteristics
Authors: Lee Somin , Han Yoojung , Yun Changsang
Published: January 2024

When producing clothing using virtual fitting technology or purchasing textile and clothing products online, it is challenging to make judgments or communicate information about sensory characteristics, such as drapability and tactile sensations, as there are no clear objective indicators for these factors. Therefore, the study aims to develop a classification system for the sensory properties of fabrics using drapability and tactile characteristics as quantitative indicators. The developed system was verified through subjective evaluations by an expert group, and it was found to be meaningful in reflecting classification levels in practice. The drapability and tactile sensation (softness; TS7) of the fabric were classified using fuzzy c-means cluster analysis, and the results were confirmed through a subjective evaluation by experts. The classification system was then used to predict the classification group, constituted by drapability and tactile characteristics, from mechanical properties using an artificial neural network. The network was trained on 534 fabric samples for drapability and tactile sensation (softness), and it correctly predicted 202 samples out of 243 validation data, with a forecasting accuracy of 83.5%. The developed classification system enables predictions and judgments about subjective characteristics like fabric drapability and tactile sensation based on the mechanical property values of various samples.
“Frisbee on football field”: the intergenerational conflict between two sports at grassroots level in China
Authors: Liu Songjie , Jin Ye , Chen Yutao
Published: January 2024

Ultimate frisbee has gained great attention and enjoyed explosive growth in China from 2019 to 2022 (especially in 2022), but has also aroused heated controversies in cyberspace, typically in the football community. This paper explores the forms and underlying reasons for conflicts between the two sports. Through field observation, in-depth interviews, and a survey of amateur participants in both frisbee and football, the paper finds that conflicts between the two sports, which arise from ultimate frisbee’s quest for legitimacy, are exaggerated as a result of the mediatization of sports. The study further revealed that Frisbee, as an alternative sport, exhibits notable cultural distinctions from football, a traditional sport. This divergence in sports culture mirrors the generational gap. Consequently, the conflict between the two sports is more of an intergenerational conflict within the realm of sports culture, reflecting the overall transformation of Chinese society.
Complement System Deficiencies in Elite Athletes
Authors: Vítek Libor , Woronyczova Jana , Hanzikova Veronika , Posová Helena
Published: January 2024

Background

Although regular physical activity improves immune competency and reduces the prevalence of inflammatory diseases, strenuous training in elite athletes is associated with an increased susceptibility to infectious complications. Therefore, the objective of our study was to assess the routinely examined parameters of the complement system in elite athletes. The study was carried out in a cohort of elite athletes (n = 134) and healthy control subjects (n = 110). In all subjects, besides a routine laboratory check-up, serum concentrations of the C3 and C4 complement components, mannose-binding lectin (MBL), as well as activation of all three complement pathways were determined.

Results

Compared to healthy controls, lower C3 and C4 complement component concentrations were observed in elite athletes (0.96 ± 0.1 vs. 1.08 ± 0.2 mg/L, and 0.18 ± 0.1 vs. 0.25 ± 0.1 mg/L, respectively, p < 0.05); with much higher frequency rates of C3 and C4 deficiencies in athletes (31.3 vs. 14.5%, and 6 vs. 0%, p < 0.05). Simultaneously, athletes had much higher frequency rates of deficiencies of activation of classical and alternative complement pathways; while, deficiency of activation of the lectin pathway was similar in both cohorts.

Conclusions

We confirmed a high frequency of defects in the complement system in elite athletes. Lower concentrations of C3 and C4 complement components, with high frequencies of deficiencies of the classical and alternative complement activation pathways were the most prevalent disorder of the complement system in elite athletes. Further studies are needed to uncover the functional impacts of these observations upon the susceptibility to infectious diseases.
Meaningful score changes for SF-36v2, FACIT-fatigue, and RASIQ in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Rendas-Baum Regina , Lin Xiaochen , Kosinski Mark , Bjorner Jakob Bue , Bracher Marguerite G. , Chen Wen-Hung
Published: January 2024

Background

Interpretation thresholds for patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores are of crucial importance, particularly when interpreting treatment benefit. This study was designed to determine the within-patient meaningful improvement (WPMI) thresholds for the Short-Form 36 Health Survey version 2 (SF-36v2), the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-Fatigue), and the novel Rheumatoid Arthritis Symptoms and Impact Questionnaire (RASIQ) among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

In this post-hoc analysis, anchor-based and supportive distribution-based methods were used to derive WPMI based on blinded data from all treatment arms in two Phase 2 RA trials with otilimab. Patient’s Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PtGA) was the general anchor for all SF-36v2 scales. SF-36 Patient’s Global Impression of Status (PGIS), PtGA, and VT03 (an SF-36v2 item) were used as anchors for FACIT-Fatigue. SF-36 PGIS, PtGA, and Patient’s Assessment of Arthritis Pain (PAIN) were anchors for RASIQ. Mean change was calculated for the anchor category associated with minimal meaningful improvement from baseline to Week 24 for SF-36v2 and FACIT-Fatigue, and to Week 12 for RASIQ. Sensitivity and specificity were used to evaluate the accuracy of estimated WPMI values.

Results

For the SF-36v2 physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role emotional, and mental health domains, anchor-based estimates of WPMI based on 0–100 scores were 24.5, 24.5, 25.4, 13.6, 21.5, 20.5, 16.9, and 14.3, respectively. Anchor-based WPMI estimates were 9.7 for the Physical Component Summary score and 7.6 for the Mental Component Summary score (using norm-based T-score metric). For FACIT-Fatigue (range 0–52), WPMI estimates ranged from 9.7 to 11.3 points. For RASIQ (range 0–100), anchor-based WPMI was determined as a change between -32.7 and -21.7 points for the Joint Pain scale, -26.7 to -23.7 for the Joint Stiffness scale, and -21.1 to -17.4 for the Impact scale.

Conclusions

This study derived WPMI thresholds for SF-36v2, FACIT-Fatigue, and RASIQ among patients with RA, using multiple anchors. Derivation of WPMI thresholds for these PRO instruments will enable their broader use in evaluating and interpreting treatment benefit in future RA studies.