bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of magnesium supplementation on abnormal uterine bleeding, alopecia, quality of life, and acne in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Jaripur Mahsima , Ghasemi-Tehrani Hatav , Askari Gholamreza , Gholizadeh-Moghaddam Mahsa , Clark Cain C. T. , Rouhani Mohammad Hossein
Published: August 2022

Background

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), alopecia, low quality of life, and acne are considered as complications of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We hypothesized that magnesium supplementation would yield beneficial effects on PCOS related complications.

Objective

To examine the effects of magnesium supplementation on AUB, alopecia, quality of life, and acne.

Methods

In this parallel randomized clinical trial, we randomly assigned 64 women with PCOS to the magnesium group (n = 32) or placebo group (n = 32) for 10 weeks. AUB, alopecia, quality of life, and acne were assessed by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics criterion, the Sinclair Scale, the Health Survey Quality of Life Questionnaire, and the Global Acne Grading System, respectively. This randomized clinical trial was registered at IRCT.ir (IRCT20130903014551N9).

Results

Magnesium supplementation significantly improved the components of quality of life including physical functioning (p = 0.011), role limitations due to physical health (p = 0.012), role limitations due to emotional problems (p < 0.001), energy/fatigue (p = 0.005), emotional wellbeing (p < 0.001), social functioning (p = 0.002), general health (p = 0.013), and total quality of life (p < 0.001), compared with placebo. No significant effect was observed on acne, alopecia, and AUB.

Conclusion

Magnesium supplementation in women with PCOS had a significant positive effect on improving total quality of life.

Trial registration

This randomized clinical trial was registered at IRCT.ir on 2020–10-18 (Registration Code: IRCT20130903014551N9).
A comparison of functional outcomes following inpatient versus outpatient hip or knee arthroplasty
Authors: Sattler Larissa , Kisaloff Luke , Cragnolini Taiyler , Peters Radd , Hing Wayne
Published: August 2022

Background

The length of hospital stay after lower limb arthroplasty has rapidly decreased in the last decade, largely in part due to the rise of improved perioperative protocols, but also as a response to the increased economic demand associated with the rapid growth in hip and knee arthroplasty procedures. In line with this, the development of a new pathway after lower limb arthroplasty that allows for the surgery to be performed in an outpatient setting and permits for same-day discharge after the procedure is increasingly being offered. Although costs and complications between the inpatient and outpatient models have been compared, there appears to be little known about the effects on a patient’s physical function after undergoing hip or knee outpatient arthroplasty. Therefore, this systematic review aims to explore the available evidence for the effect on functional outcomes following inpatient versus outpatient hip or knee arthroplasty.

Methods

This systematic review adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and was prospectively registered (https://osf.io/8bfae/). An electronic search of three online databases (PubMed, CINAHL and EMBASE) was conducted to identify eligible studies. All studies investigating inpatient and outpatient comparator groups, for a population of patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty, that assessed one or more functional outcomes, were included. A methodological quality appraisal was undertaken for the final studies contained in this review. A narrative synthesis of results is described along with quantitative outcomes presented in tables and figures.

Results

A total of seven studies containing 1,876 participants were included in this review. Four studies assessed a THA population, two assessed TKA and one assessed both. Functional outcomes varied, with 20 different functional outcomes utilised, of which 18 were patient-reported tools. Results of functional outcomes offered mixed support for both inpatient and outpatient pathways.

Conclusions

The results of this review suggest that outpatient or inpatient pathway selection for hip or knee arthroplasty should not be based on the superiority of functional outcomes alone. However, given there is growing evidence in support of an outpatient pathway in select patients with respect to cost savings and without any increase in complications, it could be proposed that an equivalency of post-operative function between the two settings makes same-day discharge favourable.

Publicly registered with Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/8bfae/).
Toxoplasma gondii dense granule protein 3 promotes endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis by activating the PERK pathway
Authors: Obed Cudjoe , Wu Minmin , Chen Ying , An Ran , Cai Haijian , Luo Qingli , Yu Li , Wang Jie , Liu Fang , Shen Jilong , Du Jian
Published: August 2022

Background

Toxoplasma gondii is a neurotropic single-celled parasite that can infect mammals, including humans. Central nervous system infection with T. gondii infection can lead to Toxoplasma encephalitis. Toxoplasma infection can cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) activation, which ultimately can lead to apoptosis of host cells. The dense granule protein GRA3 has been identified as one of the secretory proteins that contribute to the virulence of T. gondii; however, the mechanism remains enigmatic.

Methods

The expression of the GRA3 gene in RH, ME49, Wh3, and Wh6 strains was determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR). pEGFP-GRA3Wh6 was constructed by inserting Chinese 1 Wh6 GRA3 (GRA3Wh6) cDNA into a plasmid encoding the enhanced GFP. Mouse neuro2a (N2a) cells were transfected with either pEGFP or pEGFP-GRA3Wh6 (GRA3Wh6) and incubated for 24–36 h. N2a cell apoptosis and ER stress-associated proteins were determined using flow cytometry and immunoblotting. Furthermore, N2a cells were pretreated with GSK2656157 (a PERK inhibitor) and Z-ATAD-FMK (a caspase-12 inhibitor) before GRA3Wh6 transfection, and the effect of the inhibitors on GRA3Wh6-induced ER stress and apoptosis were investigated.

Results

GRA3 gene expression was higher in the less virulent strains of type II ME49 and type Chinese 1 Wh6 strains compared with the virulent strains of type I RH strain and type Chinese 1 Wh3 strain. Transfection with GRA3Wh6 plasmid induced neuronal apoptosis and increased the expression of GRP78, p-PERK, cleaved caspase-12, cleaved caspase-3, and CHOP compared with the control vector. Pretreatment with GSK2656157 and Z-ATAD-FMK decreased apoptosis in N2a cells, and similarly, ER stress- and apoptosis-associated protein levels were significantly decreased.

Conclusion

GRA3 induces neural cell apoptosis via the ER stress signaling pathway, which could play a role in toxoplasmic encephalitis.

Graphical Abstract
Reactive strength index during single-limb vertical continuous jumps after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: cross-sectional study
Authors: Hirohata Kenji , Aizawa Junya , Ohmi Takehiro , Ohji Shunsuke , Mitomo Sho , Ohara Toshiyuki , Koga Hideyuki , Yagishita Kazuyoshi , Jinno Tetsuya , Okawa Atsushi
Published: August 2022

Background

The association of the reactive strength index (RSI) during single-limb vertical continuous jumps (SVCJs) with single-limb hop tests in athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is unclear. Thus, this study aimed to confirm the measurement properties of the RSI during SVCJs in athletes with ACLR at the phase of determining the timing of their return to sport.

Methods

RSI during SVCJs and single-limb hop (single, triple, and crossover) tests were measured for post-ACLR and healthy athletes. The limb symmetry index (LSI) was calculated using the measurements of each parameter. For each test, patients were divided into two subgroups according to their LSI score (≥ 90%, satisfactory; < 90%, unsatisfactory). Fisher’s exact test was used to examine the association of single-limb hop tests with RSI during the SVCJs.

Results

A total of 21 post-ACLR and 17 healthy athletes completed all the tests. RSI during SVCJs was significantly lower on the involved limb than on the uninvolved limb in post-ACLR athletes (P < 0.001). The LSI of RSI during SVCJs of post-ACLR athletes was significantly lower than that of the healthy athletes (P < 0.01). Among the post-ACLR athletes, < 30% of those with LSIs > 90% in the single-limb hop tests had an LSI > 90% of the RSI during SVCJs.

Conclusions

RSI during SVCJs of post-ACLR athletes was significantly lower on the involved limb than on the uninvolved limb, and the asymmetry was more remarkable in the SVCJs than in the single-limb hop tests.
Diabetic ketoacidosis as first presentation of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults in a patient with hashitoxicosis as first presentation of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: a case report
Authors: Xenou Maria , Zoupas Ioannis , Lygnos Dimitrios , Fousteris Evangelos
Published: August 2022

Background

Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults is an infrequent form of autoimmune diabetes mellitus, while Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, the most common thyroid disease in adults, rarely manifests as thyrotoxicosis. The concurrent initial presentation of these two autoimmune disorders is extremely rare.

Case presentation

A 29-year-old male of Albanian descent presented after being hospitalized owing to diabetic ketoacidosis. The diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus was placed, and intensified insulin therapy was initiated. Medical history was not of significance except a 5 kg weight loss within 2 months. The patient presented with recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia, and the doses of preprandial and basal insulin were reduced. The differential diagnosis included type 1 diabetes mellitus “honeymoon” period or another type of diabetes mellitus. His serological tests only revealed positive autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 and C-peptide. The diagnosis leaned toward latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, and the therapeutic approach involved cessation of preprandial insulin therapy, regulation, and subsequent discontinuation of basal insulin and introduction of metformin. Two years later, basal insulin was reintroduced along with a glucagon-like peptide-receptor agonist and metformin. Further physical examination during the initial visit disclosed upper limb tremor, lid lag, excessive sweating, increased sensitivity to heat, and tachycardia. Laboratory tests were indicative of hashitoxicosis (suppressed level of thyroid-stimulating hormone, high levels of total and free thyroid hormones, positive anti-thyroglobulin and anti-thyroid peroxidase, and negative anti-thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor). Thyroid-stimulating hormone level was spontaneously restored, but an increase was observed during follow-up. Levothyroxine was administrated for 2 years until the patient had normal thyroid function.

Conclusions

The prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults ranges from 20% to 30%. This correlation can be attributed to genetic involvement as well as disorders of immune tolerance to autoantigens. Hence, this report gives prominence to the holistic approach and consideration of comorbidities in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Rif1 interacts with non-canonical polycomb repressive complex PRC1.6 to regulate mouse embryonic stem cells fate potential
Authors: Li Lu , Li Pishun , Chen Jiale , Li Li , Shen Yunfan , Zhu Yangzixuan , Liu Jiayi , Lv Lu , Mao Song , Chen Fang , Hu Guang , Yuan Kai
Published: August 2022

Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) cycle in and out of a transient 2-cell (2C)-like totipotent state, driven by a complex genetic circuit involves both the coding and repetitive sections of the genome. While a vast array of regulators, including the multi-functional protein Rif1, has been reported to influence the switch of fate potential, how they act in concert to achieve this cellular plasticity remains elusive. Here, by modularizing the known totipotency regulatory factors, we identify an unprecedented functional connection between Rif1 and the non-canonical polycomb repressive complex PRC1.6. Downregulation of the expression of either Rif1 or PRC1.6 subunits imposes similar impacts on the transcriptome of mESCs. The LacO-LacI induced ectopic colocalization assay detects a specific interaction between Rif1 and Pcgf6, bolstering the intactness of the PRC1.6 complex. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis further reveals that Rif1 is required for the accurate targeting of Pcgf6 to a group of genomic loci encompassing many genes involved in the regulation of the 2C-like state. Depletion of Rif1 or Pcgf6 not only activates 2C genes such as Zscan4 and Zfp352, but also derepresses a group of the endogenous retroviral element MERVL, a key marker for totipotency. Collectively, our findings discover that Rif1 can serve as a novel auxiliary component in the PRC1.6 complex to restrain the genetic circuit underlying totipotent fate potential, shedding new mechanistic insights into its function in regulating the cellular plasticity of embryonic stem cells.
HPLC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of aflatoxins in blood: toxicokinetics of aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin M1 in rats
Authors: Chen Mobing , Liu Xinze , Yang Shuo , Chen Zhuonan , Di Bin , Liu Wei , Yan Hui
Published: August 2022

Mycotoxins are highly toxic fungal metabolites that can pose health threats to humans and animals. Aflatoxins are a type of mycotoxin produced mainly by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. A sensitive high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) method with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes was developed for the determination of aflatoxins in blood after acetonitrile precipitation extraction. The limits of quantification of aflatoxins ranged from 0.05 to 0.2 ng/mL. Intra-day accuracy ranged from 92 to 111.0%, and intra-day precision (n = 6) ranged from 1 to 8%. Inter-day accuracy and precision were 94.0–102.0% and 2.0–8.0%, respectively. The toxicokinetics of AFB1 and its metabolite AFM1 after a single oral administration (AFB1 1 mg/kg body weight) were studied in male Sprague–Dawley rats. The blood AFB1 and AFM1 profiles could be adequately described by a noncompartmental model. The highest concentration of AFB1 (Cmax 93.42 ± 23.01 ng/mL) was observed with Tmax at 0.15 ± 0.034 h. AFB1 was rapidly metabolized to AFM1 which reached its peak blood concentration (Cmax 53.86 ± 12.12 ng/mL) at 0.33 ± 0.11 h. The HPLC–MS/MS method was simple and sensitive, appropriate for studying the in vivo toxicokinetics of aflatoxins.
Too soon to discard Kraepelin: improving diagnosis by appropriate use of neo-Kraepelinian and unitary psychosis models
Authors: Huda Ahmed , Petch Joel
Published: August 2022

There is a debate in psychiatry regarding whether it is better to use neo-Kraepelinian diagnostic categories or unitary models of psychosis in clinical practice. This article argues that clinicians should use either model as appropriate for the case in question, along with the conceptual framework used in the clinical management of psychosis without a clear biological cause. It first explores the values involved in the development of psychiatric classification systems, the purpose of classification and how we reached the current DSM/ICD and unitary models of psychosis. It then describes a diagnostic approach in which the choice of model should depend on the case in question, and offers a diagnostic protocol to guide the decision.
Thermodynamics and neutral sets in the RNA sequence-structure map
Authors: Martin N. S. , Ahnert S. E.
Published: August 2022

The sequence-structure map of biological macromolecules, also referred to as a genotype-phenotype (GP) map, shapes evolutionary processes by determining how mutations affect molecular structures. RNA secondary structure constitutes a central model in the field, both because of the availability of efficient folding algorithms and the biological importance of RNA structures. Despite the immense knowledge about the characteristics of the RNA GP map, there is not enough understanding of how these characteristics emerge from the underlying energetics of RNA folding. In this paper, we fill this gap with a computational study of the connection between the energy gap between the lowest-energy structures, here referred to as the stability, and the characteristics of the GP map. We focus on neutral sets, i.e., sequences that share a structure, and on connected neutral components within neutral sets. We find first that both mean stability and the stability change through point mutations are linked to the size of neutral sets and neutral components and secondly that the typical stability change through mutations depends on structural characteristics. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the RNA GP map and are relevant for evolutionary processes since stability may be under selection.
Toward a Ruminant Gastronomy
Authors: Donati Kelly
Published: August 2022

For millennia, gastronomy has concerned itself with the deceptively simple question of how best to eat and live. This article proposes gastronomy as a fertile discourse, practice, and site of scholarly inquiry for thinking about the social and sensual pleasures of eating and living well across species difference. Based on ethnographic fieldwork with a cheesemaker in southern Australia, this article asks what it means to take seriously goats as gastronomic subjects and to consider what a ruminant gastronomy might look like within the web of creaturely relations that make cheese possible. The article highlights the cultivation of practices of attentiveness, focusing on the use of Obsalim, a system for managing ruminant health by interpreting the “language of the rumen.” Thinking about and responding to the rumen’s microbial communities offers productive possibilities for understanding how goats bring their evaluations to bear on the quality of their nourishment. This counternarrative to Western gastronomy’s humanist orientations proposes a re-imagination of the multi-species liveliness on which the practices and politics of eating well depend.
Acoustic and postural displays in a miniature and transparent teleost fish,Danionella dracula
Authors: Tatarsky Rose L. , Guo Zilin , Campbell Sarah C. , Kim Helena , Fang Wenxuan , Perelmuter Jonathan T. , Schuppe Eric R. , Conway Kevin W. , Reeve Hudson K. , Bass Andrew H.
Published: August 2022

Acoustic behavior is widespread across vertebrates, including fishes. We report robust acoustic displays during aggressive interactions for a laboratory colony of Danionella dracula, a miniature and transparent species of teleost fish closely related to zebrafish (Danio rerio), which are hypothesized to be sonic based on the presence of a hypertrophied muscle associated with the male swim bladder. Males produce bursts of pulsatile sounds and a distinct postural display – extension of a hypertrophied lower jaw, a morphological trait not present in other Danionella species – during aggressive but not courtship interactions. Females show no evidence of sound production or jaw extension in such contexts. Novel pairs of size-matched or -mismatched males were combined in resident–intruder assays where sound production and jaw extension could be linked to individuals. In both dyad contexts, resident males produced significantly more sound pulses than intruders. During heightened sonic activity, the majority of the highest sound producers also showed increased jaw extension. Residents extended their jaw more than intruders in size-matched but not -mismatched contexts. Larger males in size-mismatched dyads produced more sounds and jaw extensions compared with their smaller counterparts, and sounds and jaw extensions increased with increasing absolute body size. These studies establish D. dracula as a sonic species that modulates putatively acoustic and postural displays during aggressive interactions based on residency and body size, providing a foundation for further investigating the role of multimodal displays in a new model clade for neurogenomic and neuroimaging studies of aggression, courtship and other social interactions.
Defensive shimmering responses in Apis dorsata are triggered by dark stimuli moving against a bright background
Authors: Vijayan Sajesh , Warrant Eric J. , Somanathan Hema
Published: August 2022

Giant honeybees, including the open-nesting Asian giant honeybee Apis dorsata, display a spectacular collective defence behaviour – known as ‘shimmering’ – against predators, which is characterised by travelling waves generated by individual bees flipping their abdomens in a coordinated and sequential manner across the bee curtain. We examined whether shimmering is visually mediated by presenting moving stimuli of varying sizes and contrasts to the background (dark or light) in bright and dim ambient light conditions. Shimmering was strongest under bright ambient light, and its strength declined under dim light in this facultatively nocturnal bee. Apis dorsata shimmered only when presented with the darkest stimulus against a light background, but not when this condition was reversed (light stimulus against dark background). This response did not attenuate with repeated exposure to the stimuli, suggesting that shimmering behaviour does not undergo habituation. We suggest that this is an effective anti-predator strategy in open-nesting A. dorsata colonies which are exposed to high ambient light, as flying predators are more easily detected when they appear as dark moving objects against a bright sky. Moreover, the stimulus detection threshold (smallest visual angular size) is much smaller in this anti-predatory context (1.6–3.4 deg) than in the context of foraging (5.7 deg), indicating that ecological context affects the visual detection threshold.
Enhancement of Oxygen Reduction Activity of Fe-added Zirconium Oxide Electrocatalysts without Conductive Supports in Sulfuric Acid
Authors: Takeuchi Yuu , Watanabe Keita , Matsuzawa Koichi , Nagai Takaaki , Ikegami Kaoru , Monden Ryuji , Ishihara Akimitsu
Published: August 2022

Fe-added zirconium oxide electrocatalyst was synthesized using pyrazine carboxylic acid for catalyzing oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) in acidic media. The optimization of the Fe-additive ratio led to the highest onset potential of 0.917 V for ORR at −10 mA gcat−1 compared to that of previous studies. The high ORR activity was due to the formation of high-quality active sites with Fe addition in monoclinic ZrO2 and a suitable electron supply path created through carbon deposited using a pyrazine carboxylic acid complex.
Army Public School Terrorist Attack - Perceptions and Experiences of school children of Karachi
Authors: Musharraf Mehjabeen , Baig Lubna , Baig Zarrukh Ali
Published: August 2022

Objectives: To explore the experiences and perceptions of school children of Karachi after the Army Public School (APS) attack.

Methods: It was a qualitative transcendental phenomenological study. Data collection started nine months after the attack, in September 2015, and continued till November 2019. Study participants were school children from Army, Government, and Private schools. The sampling strategy was convenience. Data collection of 53 students was done by focus group discussions and in depth interviews. Data analysis was performed using the phenomenological analytical techniques of Colaizzi.

Results: Inductive analysis of the qualitative data gave rise to three themes - The journey beyond fear, Response of parents and schools and Role of media.

Conclusion: The study concluded that the APS attack was the source of emotional distress and fear for the school children of Karachi as they personalized the event due to the nature of the attack. Immediately after the incident, they were in anger, grief, and fear, which altered their daily life activities and caused apprehensions in socializing and attending school. However, later they became highly motivated to study and gained courage. This motivation is revenge from terrorists as they wanted to keep children away from schools.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.5596

How to cite this:Musharraf M, Baig LA, Baig ZA. Army Public School Terrorist Attack - Perceptions and Experiences of school children of Karachi. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.5596

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case Report: Focal leptomeningeal disease, atypical cancer of unknown primary site in Peru
Authors: Vences Miguel A. , Araujo-Chumacero Mary M. , Urrunaga-Pastor Diego , Barreto Leila , Rodríguez-Kadota Liliana , Barreto-Acevedo Elliot , Saavedra-Rocha César , Quispe-Huamaní Elder V.
Published: August 2022

Background: Leptomeningeal metastasis is an infrequent form of cancer expression, and it has a poor prognosis due to its torpid evolution and its challenging diagnosis.

Case report: We report the case of a 68-year-old woman with rapidly progressing cognitive decline and focal epilepsy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed extensive gyriform hypersignal in the right precentral sulcus region, without mass effect, tenuous contrast uptake, and hydrocephalus with transependymal edema. The body tomographic study was negative for solid cancer and the 18F-FDG PET-CT revealed a severe hypermetabolism in the right lung upper lobe. These findings were suggestive of lung cancer with leptomeningeal metastasis. We performed a brain biopsy, finding atypical cells in the leptomeningeal region with positive immunohistochemical staining for CK7 and negative for CK20 corresponding to lung adenocarcinoma. The patient was evaluated in the oncology service and scheduled for radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Conclusions: Focal leptomeningeal disease is an entity that should be considered as a differential diagnosis in all cases of focal leptomeningitis. Timely diagnosis and adequate cancer management can increase patient survival.
LINGUO-CULTURAL SPECIFICITY OF PROVERBS AS AN INDIRECT SPEECH ACT IN THE COMMUNICATIVE EPISODE OF A LITERARY TEXT
Authors: Abakumova Ol'ga , Il'minskaya V.
Published: August 2022

The paper focuses on the actual problems of the functioning of proverbs in communicative episodes based on a literary text and their role in the semantic micro- and macrostructure. The analysis was performed using a cognitive-communicative model of describing the meaning of a proverb in discourse.

Aim. Consideration of the possibilities of modeling the realization of the meaning of proverbs about learning in communicative episodes based on the material of English and Russian literary texts and identification of the features of their functioning in this type of discourse, taking into account their linguistic and cultural affiliation.

Methodology and research methods. The following methods were used to analyze proverbs in a literary text: linguistic and philological analysis of communicative episodes (based on a literary text), dictionary definitions analysis, linguo-cultural method, the method of cognitive-discursive modeling.

Results. The functioning of proverbs in artistic discourse, as well as certain cultural differences in the attitude of representatives of two comparable linguistic cultures (Russian and English) to learning, taking into account the age of the trainees, are revealed.

Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the study is that trends in the functioning of proverbs about learning have been identified, taking into account their linguistic and cultural affiliation, and the results obtained can be used in further study of their role in the communicative act.

Practical significance. The practical significance of the research is that the results obtained can be used for deeper integration into intercultural communication and linguistic and cultural aspects of translation.
IDIOMS IN THE FORMULATION OF ARGUMENT PREMISES IN COMMUNICATION IN ENGLISH
Authors: Mikhailova Yuliya , Timkina Yuliya
Published: August 2022

In order to ensure effective communication, it is necessary to activate critical thinking, including the analysis of information, the argumentation of statements. The argument formulation is based on the presentation of its premises, the correct construction with the help of discursive markers. It helps to determine the cause-and-effect relationship, highlight the main and the secondary information, and links to individual judgment. It is noted, that the use of idioms as discursive markers of an argument premises allows building the logic of the message, formulating a clear statement, providing figurativeness, emotional coloring, and a variety of speech. A study conducted using the Sketch Engine system in the British National Corpus showed that a sufficient number of idioms were identified as synonyms, such as by right of, except that, in the light of something and others. The frequency of idioms use demonstrates a sufficient number of their occurrences in the corpus, and indicates their use in modern English. Identified and grouped idioms: idioms that reflect the reliability or doubts about the information provided; idioms that show the subjectivity of information evaluation, idioms that allow structuring prerequisites. It is shown that idioms make it possible to focus on the fact that certain information is introduced, which is the basis for an argument, the introduction of information, a premise for conclusions or generalizations, and they are widely used in informal and semi-official academic communication.
CONFIXES/ ZIRCUMFIXES AND CONFIXAL DERIVATION IN CONTEMPORARY COMMUNICATION
Authors: Shaposhnikov V.
Published: August 2022

Confixation is considered to be a way of derivation, characteristic of the modern Russian language. Confixes are the addition of prefixes and suffixes framing the root of the word, which act together in the language mechanism. Combinations of morphemes that make up various confixes are fixed. There is a confixal way of word formation in different parts of speech - verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, numerals. Different productivity of the confixal method in the formation of words of different parts of speech is noted. The stylistic affiliation of words formed with the help of confixes is determined. New words formed in a confix way are fixed.
PROFESSIONAL LANGUAGE TRAINING OF MILITARY TRANSLATORS: COMMUNICATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Kostikova L. , Chernyavskaya E. , Shevchenko B.
Published: August 2022

Introduction. Communicative technologies are one of the most effective pedagogical technologies in the professional language training of military translators. Determining the attitude of students to the use of communicative technologies in the educational process will contribute to improving the quality of their training.

The aim of the study is to identify the attitude of future military translators to the use of communicative technologies in their professional language training.

Methods and materials. This study is based on an integrative methodological approach, which allows combining various educational disciplines, technologies and techniques into a single educational process. The analysis of pedagogical technologies is carried out on the basis of a communicative methodological approach that determines the principles of interaction between participants in the educational process. In classes on foreign language and military translation, the training of military translators uses various communication technologies that contribute to the formation of professional and military-special language competencies of future military translators, such as, for example, case analysis, role-playing, design technologies, etc.

Results of the study. A study was conducted identifying the opinion of cadets on the advisability of preparing for the use of attack and self-defense strategies in the negotiation process. The questionnaire was attended by 96 cadets of 3 and 4 years of training at the Ryazan Guards Higher Airborne Command School. 93 students (88.3 per cent) noted the importance of using communicative technologies in the training of military translators. 94 (97.9 per cent) of the cadets perform case analysis with interest, 82 (85.4 per cent) of the cadets are interested in the role-playing game and 76 (79.1 per cent) of the cadets are interested in project activities. The communication technologies used in military translation sessions undoubtedly contribute to improving the level of professional language training of military interpreters.

Conclusion. The results of the study can be used to further develop the issues of professional language training of cadets of military universities with a focus on the individualization of the educational process and on the technology of personalized training.
COMMUNICATIVE TOOLS IN MODERN FEMINIST CYBERACTIVISM: STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Authors: Bozhenkova N. , Negushina A.
Published: August 2022

Modern Russian feminist discourse, being a poorly described area of communicative interaction, turns out to be one of the most important factors in the formation of the axiological determinants of Russian society today. In this regard, the article presents an analysis of new forms of social and linguocultural interactions - feminist cyberactivism, broadcast in the network environment for political activities and representing a significant part of today's online content. The authors focus on the description of specific linguistic features of different semiotic text units (online flashmob, information cards and communities/blogs of Russian fem-activists), demonstrating the ideological views of the feminist movement. Particular attention is paid to the methods of verbal explication of the problematic field of feminist cyberctivism (primarily, the definition of gender inequality index in Russia) and identification of the basic semasiological mechanisms for the "modification" of pragmatic parameters of the Russian-speaking feminist blogosphere. By developing the sense-forming component of feminist discourse, which is a critical reflection of female subjectivity, "from a certain angle", feminist cyberactivism demonstrates a high degree of involvement of the civil society in political processes, since it is essentially aimed at implementing not an informational, but rather an influence function (to evoke the desired emotional response in the recipient and to urge the need to share an updated position). The authors assume that a (subsequently) detailed consideration of the phenomenon of feminist cyberactivism, which is both the main means for the expansion of the fem-community in Russia and its constitutive feature, can answer many questions of the social and, more broadly, civilizational structure of Russian society.
THE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN GENERATIONS IN THE MUSEUM SPACE: THE FORMATION OF HISTORICAL AND AESTHETIC IDEAS ABOUT THE RUSSIAN NOBILITY CULTURE
Authors: Fedorova E.
Published: August 2022

Prince Nikita Dmitrievich Lobanov-Rostovsky is a world-renowned collector and initiator of large-scale Russian projects: the Monument to soldiers who died in the First World War, in Moscow, the Monument of Reconciliation and Concord, in Sevastopol (projects implemented).Lobanov is the author of a projetct for a National Portrait Gallery in Moscow .The projects seek to recreate the integrity of the multi-layered Russian culture. The idea of the Lobanov-Rostovsky Museum is to fill the gap associated with the visual history of the aristocrats. The project aims to demonstrate the integrity of culture, which includes a historically significant layer - the chronicle of the nobility. Lobanov-Rostovsky's significant gift to the city of Rostov the Great ensured the creation of the museum. Over the last century, the history of the ancient noble families who "built Russia for a thousand years" has largely been forgotten. Oleg Zharov, a major businessman, the head of the Rostov the Great - the Spiritual Center of Russia project, took it upon himself to make up for the historical injustice. The concept of the museum: a combination of diachrony and synchrony, as well as an interdisciplinary approach to museification. This is a museum of the life of noble men, an art museum, a historical one. The diachronic part of the exposition consists of significant historical figures from the Lobanov-Rostovsky family. The synchronic part is artifacts and historical documents from the collection of Nikita Lobanov-Rostovsky, which represent Lobanov as a person and collector, show his artistic priorities. The exhibits of the museum were obtained first-hand, Lobanov in this case acts as a historical witness. The project has cultural value for Russia and is the only one of its kind. The museum will undoubtedly prove to be an attractive object for Russian and foreign tourists and will contribute to the material well-being of the city.
Phénoménologie cartésienne de l’idée / des idées
Authors: Starzyński Wojciech
Published: August 2022

CARTESIAN PHENOMENOLOGY OF THE IDEA/IDEAS The article discusses the Cartesian theory of ideas, which is considered as the proper locus of the phenomenological reduction that precedes the famous cogito argument traditionally associated with it. As its result, one can speak of the intuitive, epistemological, intentional, ontological aspect of the idea, which thus becomes an irreducible component of all mental activity, opening up to reality in its richness.
Vulnérabilité psychique à la frontière entre le normal et le pathologique : l’apport de Ricoeur et son application
Authors: Grzywacz Robert
Published: August 2022

PSYCHIC VULNERABILITY BETWEEN THE NORMAL AND THE PATHOLOGICAL: RICOEUR’S CONTRIBUTION AND ITS APPLICATION In the contribution below, I intend to demonstrate that the constitutive human vulnerability lies in his/her susceptibility to mental disorders, which in turn results from the fluidity of the line that separates what is deemed normal from pathological. In doing so, I proceed in three steps. First, by referring to a few selected recent studies that I consider representative, I try to show that the Ricoeurian heritage is indeed, and successfully, applied to the issue of vulnerability, and that such an approach seems justified even if the philosophy of Ricoeur is often classified rather as a philosophy of action. Second, while taking into account some of the achievements of the briefly examined research, I attempt to outline a Ricoeurian philosophy of the human affective life, and thus to establish the relevance of this philosophy to explore the border zone between the normal and pathological that I consider as the focus of specifically human vulnerability. And finally, while retaining the undeniable values of the theory of feeling according to the author analyzed, I compare this theory with the approach of a Polish psychiatrist-philosopher, Antoni Kępiński. His stance, it is true, is modeled on biology, but at the same time it remains deeply humanistic. I finish my analysis with conclusions about the nature of a constitutive human disproportion, which resides within us and makes us fundamentally vulnerable beings.
La subjectivité à l’écart (ἐν παρέργῳ) du quelque chose. Une expression d’Aristote dans la pensée de Husserl et de Freud
Authors: Moroz Kamil
Published: August 2022

SUBJECTIVITY APART (ἐΝ ΠΑΡΈΡΓῳ) FROM SOMETHING: AN EXPRESSION OF ARISTOTLE IN THE THOUGHT OF HUSSERL AND FREUD In this article, I show that Husserl’s phenomenology and Freud’s psychoanalysis – two methods that cannot be reduced to each other – can be considered together because they both deal with the question of subjectivity in line with Aristotle’s view of subjectivity on the sidelines (ἐν παρέργῳ) of something. In this approach, the answer to the question about the subject in phenomenology and psychoanalysis will have to operate on at least three thematic axes: 1) relationship with the other, 2) desire, 3) the problem of dream and madness. In Husserl’s phenomenology, the other is a possibility of phenomenological transcendental consciousness and therefore constitutes an important issue of it. In turn, Freud’s psychoanalysis recognizes its inadequate approach in common consciousness, and that is why the psychoanalytic method is particularly interested in it. Phenomenology broadly understood as teleology, i.e., the desire for knowledge, and psychoanalysis understood as archeology, i.e., knowledge of desire, lead to the question of dream and madness, a question ignored in the Kantian Critique of Pure Reason but valid in Aristotle’s Metaphysics. The question of dream and madness, therefore, turns out to be not only empirical but transcendental because it concerns the possibilities and limits of experience. On the basis of philosophical anthropology, it may also mean the need to go beyond the paradigm of finitude understood only as mortality.
Three Challenges Facing Contemporary Phenomenology
Authors: Jakubowski Jarosław
Published: August 2022

THREE CHALLENGES FACING CONTEMPORARY PHENOMENOLOGY Despite the profound changes occurring in phenomenology since its birth, it still seems legitimate to seek in it the ideological uniformity imposed by Husserl’s call to turn towards that which is given originally. It is obvious, however, that achieving this can have a more „realistic” (e.g., in Scheler, Sarter, Ingarden) or more transcendental character (e.g., in Landgrebe and Fink). Ultimately it transpires that phenomenology is always practiced, more or less tacitly, “from within the world.” Therefore, even when phenomenology highlights the dimension of theorein, it remains entangled in the sphere of praxis. The history of phenomenology to date is a process of increasing understanding of this entanglement. For this reason, the most important challenges phenomenology faces today are determined by the turn which it makes from theorein towards praxis. Three are especially significant: the first challenge is focused on the question of action, the second on politics, and the third is concerned with the question of virtuality. The first challenge is that when dealing with the question of action, one should not be happy with merely describing action post factum or even stimulating action, but should try to capture it as it happens. The second challenge consists of seeking the possibility of reviving the world of politics defined as a space of openness in the public sphere (Held), and finding means to prevent its destruction. Finally, the third challenge is to make an effort to find the measure of being of the existing being, considering the increase in formalization and anonymity of social life sanctioned by the growth of the virtual sphere, as well as the dangers resulting from the improvement of superintelligence (Bostrom).
RBAFS: análise dos artigos originais publicados entre 2016 e 2020
Authors: Guerra Paulo Henrique , Sposito Letícia Aparecida Calderão , Florindo Alex Antonio
Published: August 2022

Com objetivo de analisar as características das publicações do periódico relacionado ao tema “atividade física e saúde”, foi conduzida uma revisão de escopo a partir dos estudos originais publicados na Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde entre 2016 e 2020. Foram avaliados e encaminhados para a síntese os artigos originais que envolveram amostras de seres humanos, independente da abrangência dos dados, contexto de pesquisa, delineamentos, fenômenos e temas estudados e abordagem utilizada para a coleta e análise de dados. A partir dos dados de 207 artigos, observou--se maiores frequências de primeiros autores afiliados às instituições localizadas na região Sul do país; com estudos conduzidos em cidades da mesma região; pesquisas de desenho transversal com abordagens quantitativas à coleta e análise dos dados; que envolveram amostras com indivíduos de ambos os sexos; indivíduos adultos; com recrutamento nos cenários de atenção primária à saúde e tamanho amostral de até 50 indivíduos e com objetivos de identificar correlatos e fatores associados à atividade física. Visto o cenário de produtividade e competitividade entre pesquisadores e periódicos interessados no tema atividade física e saúde, esforços são necessários para que a revista aumente seu potencial como opção primária de submissão entre os pares da área.
The Dual Challenge of Search and Coordination for Organizational Adaptation: How Structures of Influence Matter
Authors: Koçak Özgecan , Levinthal Daniel A. , Puranam Phanish
Published: August 2022

Organizations increasingly need to adapt to challenges in which search and coordination cannot be decoupled. In response, many have experimented with “agile” and “flat” designs that dismantle traditional forms of hierarchy to harness the distributed knowledge of specialized individuals. Despite the popularity of such practices, there is considerable variation in their implementation as well as conceptual ambiguity about the underlying premise. Does effective rapid experimentation necessarily imply the repudiation of hierarchical structures of influence? We use computational models of multiagent reinforcement learning to study the effectiveness of coordinated search in groups that vary in how they influence each other’s beliefs. We compare the behavior of flat and hierarchical teams with a baseline structure without any influence on beliefs (a “crowd”) when all three are placed in the same task environments. We find that influence on beliefs—whether it is hierarchical or not—makes it less likely that agents stabilize prematurely around their own experiences. However, flat teams can engage in excessive exploration, finding it difficult to converge on good alternatives, whereas hierarchical influence on beliefs reduces simultaneous uncoordinated exploration, introducing a degree of rapid exploitation. As a result, teams that need to achieve agility (i.e., rapid satisfactory results) in environments that require coordinated search may benefit from a hierarchical structure of influence—even when the apex actor has no superior knowledge, foresight, or capacity to control subordinates’ actions.

Funding: Puranam thanks the Desmairis Fund at INSEAD for supporting the Organizations and Algorithms project.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1601 .
Andejos e desterrados nas narrativas do cacau de Jorge Amado
Authors: Souza Marcos Aurélio
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo analisa a presença de dois tipos de personagens nas chamadas obras do cacau de Jorge Amado: Cacau de 1933, Terras dos sem fim de 1943, São Jorge dos Ilhéus de 1944, Gabriela, cravo e Canela de 1958 e Tocaia Grande de 1984. São eles: os andejos e os desterrados. Andejos são personagens de intensa mobilidade geográfica, que se deslocam por motivos econômicos e/ou prosaicos. Desterrados são deslocados por injunções históricas coletivas (guerra, fome etc.), que buscam permanência em lugar que lhe acene possibilidades econômicas, culturais e emocionais de vida. Tais nomenclaturas (andejo e desterrado) não expressam conceitos fechados ou indicam entidades fixas. São estabelecidas aqui pelas possibilidades de suplementação de uma identidade móvel (DERRIDA, 2005), com a qual valores culturais são negociados.