bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topical issues of prevention of acute postmanipulation pancreatitis
Authors: Frolov P. A. , Korotkevich A. G. , Pavlenko V. V. , Pachgin I. V. , Krasnov K. A.
Published: January 2023

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is one of the most informative and often in-demand methods for the detection and treatment of pathology of the biliary tract, its diagnostic value is 79-98%. A significant disadvantage of the method are side effects and various complications (acute pancreatitis, bleeding, retroduodenal perforation, cholangitis, acute cholecystitis, etc.). Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP) is a common and severe complication of intraluminal endoscopic operations on the large duodenal papilla, its etiology is multifactorial, and the pathophysiology has not yet been fully studied. According to many randomized, controlled studies, the incidence of PEP ranges from 2.7 to 37%. Despite all the possibilities of modern medicine and the introduction of new methods, mortality with the development of PEP remains at a very high level: it reaches 7-15%, and with the development of destructive forms - 40-70%. The problems of prevention of PEP are still the subject of discussions and numerous studies by leading clinics around the world. In this paper, we conducted a review of the literature over the past decade using the sources of major medical libraries Medline, eLibrary, PubMed. The article discusses current modern pathogenetic mechanisms and the main risk factors for the development of PEP, related to both the characteristics of the patient and the procedure being performed, technical options for performing ERCP. The article also presents currently used and recommended by most authors methods of drug prevention of PEP and various technical solutions related to this complication. Thus, the not entirely satisfactory results of the proposed methods of prevention of PEP force the authors to search for safer and more effective solutions to this urgent problem at the present time.
International experience in the primary prevention of cystic fibrosis (part one)
Authors: Kashirskaya N. Yu. , Petrova N. V. , Gembitskaya T. E. , Ivashchenko T. E. , Khavkin A. I. , Nesteruk O. N. , Ginter E. K. , Kutsev S. I. , Zinchenko R. A.
Published: January 2023

Preconceptional genetic screening (genetic testing of individuals at the stages of family planning and birth of a healthy child) has an important place in the prevention of hereditary diseases. This review focuses on the preconceptional prevention of cystic fibrosis (CF), one of the most common hereditary diseases of the Caucasian race. The first part highlights the general principles of screening for hereditary diseases, including CF, the advantages and disadvantages of pan-ethnic screening for CF, and the economic rationale for the programme, using international studies and guidelines, as illustrated by international sources.
Dynamics of clinical manifestations, functional state and structural changes of the pancreas, quality of life of patients with chronic pancreatitis in combination with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease under the influence of eradication of the syndrome of excessive bacterial growth in the small intestine
Authors: Monogarova N. E. , Zakomoldina T. V. , Lukashevich G. M. , Golubova O. A. , Fomenko P. G. , Borodiy K. N. , Kryuk M. A. , Voronin K. A. , Yaroshenko L. A.
Published: January 2023

The lack of efficiency in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis (CP) is associated with a number of objective and subjective reasons, one of which is insufficient knowledge about the pathogenesis of the disease, especially when it is combined with other internal diseases, in particular, with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The frequent combination of COPD and CP is associated not only with the frequency of these diseases, but also with the common links of pathogenesis, and a significant place in the pathogenesis of both diseases is occupied by the syndrome of excessive bacterial growth in the small intestine (SIBO). Aim: to increase the effectiveness of the treatment of CP in combination with COPD based on the inclusion of rifaximin and probiotic Subalin in the complex therapy of concomitant diseases. Materials and methods. We examined 128 patients with CP in the stage of exacerbation in combination with COPD in the stage of mild exacerbation, which were divided into two groups: the main group and the comparison group. The basic treatment of CP was carried out according to the clinical recommendations of the Russian Gastroenterological Association. Patients of the main group, in addition to basic therapy, received rifaximin (Alfa Normix) for 10 days, and then Subalin-forte for 2 weeks. Patients in the comparison group received only basic therapy. Results. Due to the treatment with the inclusion of rifaximin and Subalin, there is a significant suppression of the phenomenon of “evasion” of the pancreatic-specific enzyme into the blood, an improvement in the exocrine function of the pancreas according to the results of the fecal elastase test and the response of the pancreas to food intake according to the dynamics of uroamylase flow rates and endogenous pancreozymin induction coefficients. Under the influence of the main treatment option, there is an increase in the frequency of normalization of the echogenicity of the pancreas and less often than with traditional therapy, an increase in the pancreas or part of it, blurring and unevenness of the contours persist. In addition, the indicators of ultrasonic histography of the pancreas are significantly improved, and a more pronounced positive dynamics of the clinical manifestations of COPD is observed. Thus, the eradication of SIBO provides a significant increase in the effectiveness of the treatment of patients with a combination of CP and COPD.
Possibilities of improving the effectiveness of treatment of manifestations of metabolic syndrome in the elderly (on the example of taurine)
Authors: Golovanova E. V.
Published: January 2023

The article presents modern data on the formation and manifestations of multiple metabolic disorders with an emphasis on the features of pathology in old age. Age-related changes in nutrition, physical activity, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are additional risk factors for the development of metabolic syndrome and determine the high prevalence of this pathology in old age. Multiple metabolic disorders aggravate the course of each of them and worsen the prognosis due to high risks of cardiovascular and other types of mortality. Timely diagnosis and effective correction of metabolic syndrome manifestations will reduce these risks and increase life expectancy while improving its quality. In order to increase the effectiveness of basic therapy of metabolic disorders, the use of drugs capable of positively affecting multiple metabolic disorders has been shown. In particular, this paper provides an evidence base for the effectiveness of taurine in patients with metabolic syndrome. When using taurine in addition to basic standard therapy, there is a significant decrease in blood pressure, glucose levels, insulin, serum lipid spectrum, body mass index.
Vascular malformation of ileum
Authors: Kortieva A. T. , Krushelnitskiy V. S. , Gabriel S. A. , Dynko V. Yu. , Guchetl A. Ya. , Babenko E. S.
Published: January 2023

The aim of the study is to observe a patient with vascular malformation of the ileum complicated by recurrent bleeding. Materials and methods: the article presents a clinical case of small intestine bleeding from ileum angiectasia in a 64-year-old patient. At the patient's place of residence, a video capsule endoscopy of the gastrointestinal tract was performed, angiectasia of the ileum was detected, from which fresh blood was received. Upon admission, the patient has iron deficiency anemia, and hematocheesia. In our institution, the patient underwent diagnostic egophagogastroduodenoscopy, video colonoscopy, balloon-assisted enteroscopy (BAE). According to BAE, vascular malformation with a diameter of up to 10 mm is viuzalized in the ileum Results: The patient underwent endoscopic treatment: one endoclypse was applied to the identified vascular malformation. Conclusion: The capabilities of clinicians in the differential diagnosis of pathological conditions of the small intestine are enhanced by the availability of modern equipment in medical and preventive institutions, as well as to perform minimally invasive treatment, reducing the rehabilitation time due to the reduction of surgical trauma.
Clinical observation of a middle-aged patient with a masked course of pancreatic necrosis observed on an outpatient basis
Authors: Karpenko D. G. , Dryutova V. V. , Larina V. N. , Fedorova E. V.
Published: January 2023

Objective. On the example of a clinical case, the difficulties of timely diagnosis of acute pancreatitis are considered. Main points. Acute pancreatitis is an actual problem of modern medicine due to its wide prevalence and high mortality rates. A clinical observation of a 48-year-old patient with dyspeptic complaints and intestinal manifestations is presented. Conclusion. The presented clinical case illustrates not only the difficulty of timely diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, but also confirms that patients with existing pain, dyspeptic and asthenovegetative syndromes after a viral intestinal infection require special attention and are at risk of developing acute pancreatitis.
Gaspare Aselli’s discovery of lacteals
Authors: Kutia S. A. , Nikolaeva N. G. , Zvereva E. E. , Fominykh T. A. , D’Yachenko A. P.
Published: January 2023

Article is dedicated to the 400th anniversary of the discovery of lacteals by the Italian surgeon and anatomist Gaspare Aselli (1581-1626). The author's translation of a fragment of Aselli's original text "De lactibus sive lacteis venis quarto vasorum mesaraicorum genere novo invento" with a description of the circumstances of the discovery is provided. A brief biographical note of the scientist is given.
Role of polymorphisms rs16944 (-511C/T) of IL1B gene and rs1143634 (+ 3954 C/T) of IL1B gene as genetic predictors of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Dunayevskaya S. S. , Sergeeva E. Yu. , Deulina V. V. , Domoratskaya E. A. , Zambrzhitskaya M. K.
Published: January 2023

Purpose. Identify the role of ONP rs16944 (-511C/T) of the IL1B gene and rs1143634 (+ 3954 C/T) of the IL1B gene in the development of acute pancreatitis. Material and methods. The study involved 296 people diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. There were 124 (41.89%) males and 172 (58.11%) females. By age, patients ranged from 24 to 83 years old, the average age was 44,3±12,6 years. Patients with mild severity OP - 103 (34.79%) people, moderate severity OP - 110 (37.16%) people, severe severity OP - 83 (28.05%) people. The control group amounted to 78 people. Genomic DNA was isolated by sorption method, the carrier of rs16944 (-511C/T) and rs1143634 (+ 3954C/T) of the IL1B gene was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan allele discrimination technology and commercially available fluorescence probes. Results. Our study revealed a statistically significant increase in the frequency of carriage of the rs16944 (-511C/T) IL1B gene located in the promoter region of the functional polymorphism, which correlates with the severity of acute pancreatitis. It is known that this polymorphism enhances gene expression and leads to an increase in the level of proinflammatory cytokine. On the other hand, there is no correlation between the presence of the structural polymorphism rs1143634 (+ 3954 C/T), localized in exon 5 of the gene IL1B and the development of the disease, as well as the severity. Conclusions. Thus, it can be assumed that in residents of Krasnoyarsk, the carriage of the rs16944 (-511C/T) ONP gene IL1B is a predictor of the development of acute pancreatitis and severe disease, which coincides with the data obtained when compared with the European population of the NCBI base.
Changes in immune status and cytoarchitectonics of neutrophil granulocytes during development of acute necrotic pancreatitis
Authors: Pakhomova R. A. , Dunayevskaya S. S. , Gulikyan G. N. , Kozlov V. V.
Published: January 2023

The aim of the study is to study changes in immune status indicators and cytoarchitectonics of neutrophil granulocytes in patients with a severe course of acute necrotic pancreatitis. Materials and methods. The subject of the study was 32 patients aged 37 to 59 years, diagnosed with acute necrotizing pancreatitis, severe course, early phase. The control group was 30 donors, comparable by sex and age to the main group. Upon admission, atomic force microscopy of neurophilic granulocytes was performed to determine its shape, state of the membrane, geometric dimensions, and the immune status and chemical composition of the neutrophil were also evaluated. Results. During the development of severe acute pancreatitis in the early phase, immune inhibition along the cell link is recorded, a decrease in the concentration of immunoglobulins A and M. During atomic force microscopy, violations of the structural organization of the neutrophil granulocyte were found. Changes in the chemical state of the neutrophil were recorded, a significant decrease in the content of oxygen, sodium and calcium was revealed, which confirms the role of cellular hypoxia and apoptosis in the development of systemic inflammation. With an increase in the degree of severity of mechanical jaundice, the neutrophil acquired a convex shape, the number of nucleus segments increased, the cell membrane became not even, the neutrophil volume reached 61.58 ± 4.65 μm3. The value of neutrophil adhesion forces fell by 31% in severe pancreatitis. Conclusion. The severity of acute pancreatitis is due to the inhibition of the immune system and the functional capabilities of neutrophil granulocytes, leading to the generalization of the inflammatory reaction and the development of multi-organ insufficiency.
The Follow-up of the digestive system (for primary care specialists: internist, general practitioner, paramedic) The experience of the Perm region
Authors: Khlynova O. V. , Stepina E. A. , Vologzhanina L. G. , Voronova E. I. , Igumnova O. A. , Tretyakova Yu. I. , Alexeeva O. P. , Tarasova L. V. , Koryagina N. A.
Published: January 2023

These recommendations are intended for primary care professionals: internists, general practitioners, paramedics and include a statement of the basic requirements for the follow-up of patients with a number of diseases of the digestive system. The main material of the methodological recommendations is presented by adapted sections from modern clinical recommendations of specialized societies on certain nosological forms of diseases and current regulatory federal documents on dispensary supervision of the adult population. The guidelines were approved by the Perm Regional United Organization “Professional Medical Community of the Perm Region” and the Ministry of Health of the Perm Region. Also, the main provisions of the recommendations were presented and approved at the National Congress of the Society of Therapists (November 19, 2021).
Molecular genetic aspects of Gilbert's syndrome, Crigler-Najjar syndromes types I and II
Authors: Ivanova A. A. , Maksimov V. N.
Published: January 2023

Variants of the UGT1A1 gene are associated with impaired bilirubin metabolism, which is clinically expressed in Gilbert's syndrome (GS), Crigler-Najjar syndrome types I and II, as well as increased toxicity intaking certain drugs (indinavir, irinotecan, atazanavir, sorafenib, tocilizumab, belinostat, and paracetamol). A common manifestation of these conditions is unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. The most common variant in the UGT1A1 gene associated with GS (the most common pathology caused by UGT1A1 gene variants) is the UGT1A1*28 variant, which is an increased number of TA repeats in the promoter of the UGT1A1 gene up to 7. However, the UGT1A1*28 variant is not the only gene variant capable of causing unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. It is known that the variants UGT1A*7, UGT1A*6, and UGT1A*27 were found in the Asian population, which also causes GS with a high frequency. For Caucasians, the UGT1A1*28 variant remains the only common variant that causes GS. At the same time, even the carriage of the UGT1A1*28 variant in the homozygous state does not always lead to the appearance of clinical symptoms. While in the heterozygous form of the UGT1A1*28 variant, high unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia can be observed. Thus, other molecular genetic markers probably explain the incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity of the clinical manifestations of the UGT1A1 gene variants
Wilson Wilson-Konovalov disease. Features of the debut, course of the disease, diagnostic difficulties, progression factors
Authors: Podymova S. D.
Published: January 2023

Modern genetic studies of the prevalence of Wilson-Konovalov disease show that the disease is much more common than previously thought. Of particular importance for early diagnosis is the knowledge of the first manifestations of the disease. The article discusses the features of the debut and clinical course, diagnostic approaches to various forms of Wilson-Konovalov disease. A survey, retrospective analysis and subsequent two-year follow-up of 24 patients with Wilson-Konovalov disease were carried out. During the observation, two variants of the debut of the hepatic form were identified: abdominal with severe pain in the abdomen, liver enlargement, pronounced cytolysis syndrome and high activity of alkaline phosphatase, and the second, manifested by a picture of chronic hepatitis with a moderate increase in the activity of aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin levels. A feature of the course of the latent hepatic form was portal hypertension with an enlargement of the spleen to a huge size. With a mixed form of neurological and hepatic Wilson-Konovalov disease, four patients were diagnosed with “unexplained” encephalopathy caused by brain damage caused by Wilson-Konovalov’s disease.
Systematic analysis of the experimental and clinical pharmacology of nicotinamide and prospects for the treatment of atherosclerosis
Authors: Gromova O. A. , Torshin I. Yu.
Published: January 2023

Nicotinamide (niacin) is a PP (Pellagra-Preventive) vitamer necessary for the synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). The NAD molecule is a coenzyme of proteins involved in the synthesis of ATP from fats and carbohydrates. For more than 50 years, nicotinamide has been used as an antihyperlipidemic agent and to improve blood microcirculation. The results of a systematic analysis of 70417 publications on the pharmacology of nicotinamide made it possible to clarify the molecular mechanisms of the vasoprotective action of nicotinamide (including anti-inflammatory action), to summarize the results of experimental and clinical studies of anti-atherosclerotic effects (including the treatment of steatohepatosis and counteraction to obesity) and the cardioprotective properties of nicotinamide. The prospects for the combined use of statins and nicotinamide are shown, which allows to reduce the dosage of statins.
Gilbert’s syndrome as a model for studying the effects of bilirubin
Authors: Loshkova E. V. , Doroshenko I. V. , Yankina G. N. , Rafikova Yu. S. , Terentyeva A. A. , Zhelev V. A. , Anfinogenova O. B. , Khavkin A. I. , Odinaeva N. D. , Kondratieva E. I. , Lyulka T. S. , Bozhenko E. A. , Prudnikova V. K. , Rebrienko M. .
Published: January 2023

Numerous scientific studies conducted over the past years expand our understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological effects of bilirubin. In this review of the literature, the authors, using the example of Gilbert’s syndrome, as a classic condition occurring with hyperbilirubinemia, discuss the results of clinical and experimental studies demonstrating the protective mechanisms and the protective role of elevated bilirubin concentration in relation to diseases accompanied by metabolic inflammation, oncological diseases, and a number of others. The authors focus on the hormonal function of bilirubin and its potential therapeutic effect discussed in recent scientific works. The purpose of this review of the literature is to expand the understanding of bilirubin from the clinician’s usual in the context of the end product of heme and antioxidant metabolism to a signaling molecule involved in the pathophysiology of many diseases.
Analysis of outpatient attendances of gastroenterological patients against the backdrop of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Shelukhina S. V. , Vasilevskaya A. S. , Butov M. A. , Zagravskaya I. A. , Maslova O. A. , Markova E. V.
Published: January 2023

The aim of the study is to evaluate and describe the frequency of referrals of patients with gastrointestinal disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. A comparative analysis of clinical cases of outpatient access to a gastroenterologist is carried out for the corresponding periods from December 2019 to December 2021.
PostCOVID biliary dysfunctions: causes and treatment
Authors: Shelukhina S. V. , Vasilevskaya A. S. , Butov M. A. , Borisova M. V. , Kuznetsov P. V. , Ardatova V. B. , Goncharenko V. F.
Published: January 2023

The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is accompanied, among others, by the damage of the digestive system, in particular, the formation of biliary dysfunctions. The article presents the data of observation and treatment of patients with post-covid phenomena of biliary insufficiency.
A new challenge for the liver in the 21st century
Authors: Akhmedov V. A.
Published: January 2023

Recently accumulating evidence suggests that if patients have existing diffuse liver disease, the risk of developing serious complications both for the liver itself and for the course of COVID-19 increases significantly. The presented article provides information on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the social aspects of human life, changes in the daily routine, which has a particularly unfavorable course on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In turn, a relationship has been found between progressive liver fibrosis in NAFLD patients and the severe course of COVID-19. It is noted that in patients with alcoholic liver disease the incidence of which increases with self-isolation, cases of severe bilateral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome with unfavorable outcomes, including cardiopulmonary and multiple organ failure, have been described. It is shown that patients with cirrhosis of the liver, especially those with decompensated form, are the most vulnerable group of patients, since immune dysfunction makes them prone to any type of infection, including COVID-19, with potentially serious consequences. It was noted that the risk of detecting liver cancer at later stages increased in about 25% of patients with a biologically aggressive type of disease against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Caroli syndrome in children: a brief review and clinical observation
Authors: Gudkov R. A. , Dmitriev A. V. , Slobodyanyuk O. A.
Published: January 2023

A review of domestic and foreign literature on the disease and Caroli syndrome is presented. The review includes a historical background and a modern view on the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease, its place among fibrocystic diseases of the liver. Caroli’s disease is a rare genetic pathology, characterized by a wide clinical and morphological polymorphism from severe variants with fibrosis in the neonatal period to cases with manifestation at a late age. The genetic causes of pathology, in particular, mutations associated with autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant forms of polycystic kidney disease, have been studied. A large number of described mutations and the predominance of complex heterozygotes among patients explains the diversity of clinical forms of pathology. The relationship between the genotype and phenotypic variants of pathology has not been determined. In Caroli’s disease, in addition to cystic changes in the liver and kidneys, damage to other organs and systems, in particular cerebral vessels, can be observed. Extrahepatic and extrarenal symptoms of the disease are described, as well as combinations with various genetic diseases. A clinical case of Caroli syndrome in a child observed by the authors from birth is presented. The disease manifested as congenital cystic transformation of the kidney. Hepatic pathology was detected at the age of 5 years. Subsequently, there was a rapid progression of liver damage with the development of severe complications: cirrhosis of the liver, portal hypertension, edematous syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy. At the age of 11 years, the patient successfully underwent orthotopic liver transplantation. The presented case demonstrates the late detection of hepatic damage, its rapid progression. Despite the presence of severe complications, liver transplantation was a success and the patient is currently in a stable condition compensated for all functions.
A case of latent course of thyrotoxicosis with predominantly hepatic manifestations
Authors: Iakubovskaia A. G. , Koldynskaia E. I.
Published: January 2023

Thyrotoxic hepatitis develops in 55-60% of patients with hyperthyroidism, it is often asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally. The article describes a clinical case of thyrotoxic hepatitis in a 50-year-old female. The case seems to be rare as the overt signs of hyperthyroidism manifested in the patient 5 months later than the changes in liver function tests in blood. The current data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical picture of liver damage in thyrotoxicosis are represented in discussion.
Josef Hyrtl on the origin of the names of the small intestine parts
Authors: Kutia S. A. , Nikolaeva N. G. , Shimkus T. S. , Gafarova E. A. , Farkhutdinova G. S.
Published: January 2023

The article presents a translation of the chapters of the work “Onomatologia anatomica” (1880) by the Austrian anatomist Josef Hyrtl, devoted to terminology in small intestine anatomy; namely “Duodenum”, “Ileum”, “Jejunum” and “Intestinum”.
The role of viral hepatitis B and C in the development of adverse outcomes in patients after tuberculosis
Authors: Oskin D. N. , Filippov E. V.
Published: January 2023

Despite the study of the epidemiology of tuberculosis and its co-infection over the past decades, a number of questions remain, including those related to the impact of co-infection on survival depending on the chosen tuberculosis treatment regimen, the likelihood of adverse outcomes in the form of gastrointestinal bleeding and cirrhosis of the liver and their relationship with the therapy of the underlying disease. The purpose of the study: to evaluate the survival of patients with tuberculosis who have co-infection (viral hepatitis B and C) and receive multicomponent chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: The study included all patients who received treatment for active tuberculosis and had viral hepatitis B and/or C from 01/01/2004 to 12/31/2020. A total of 1687 patients were included. Twenty-two patients were lost to follow-up, and attempts to ascertain their clinical status were unsuccessful. Vital status was assessed in all patients. The mean duration of follow-up was 10.5±3.0 years. Median follow-up was 11.3 years (95% confidence interval (CI) 8.2-14.3). The average age of the cohort was 53.3±7.7 years. The study assessed survival and all-cause mortality annually. Results: The frequency of chronic hepatitis B in the group of patients with active tuberculosis was 3.8%, hepatitis C - 14.8%, hepatitis B and C - 0.5% of cases. Such an incidence of viral hepatitis is associated with a high frequency of illicit drug users (62.4%). It should be noted that the frequency of hepatitis treatment was low and amounted to 8.7%. When assessing the contribution of hepatitis B and C to the mortality of patients with active tuberculosis, it was found that hepatitis is not a predictor of death in patients. At the same time, patients who did not receive hepatitis therapy had a higher risk of death (unadjusted odds ratio (OR) - 1.28, 95% CI 1.04-1.65). The adjusted OR for hepatitis B was - 1.87 95% CI 0.67-1.52, C - 1.24 95% CI 0.90-2.18, B and C - 1.72 95% CI 0.99-2.02. Conclusion: The presence of chronic viral hepatitis B and/or C in patients with active tuberculosis did not affect mortality from all causes and regardless of the type of virus during a long period of observation. Patients who did not receive treatment for viral hepatitis and who had a history of tuberculosis had a higher risk of death from all causes (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.04-1.65).
The founder of the Ryazan gastroenterological school, Professor A. M. Nogaller
Authors: Butov M. A.
Published: January 2023

The Ryazan gastroenterological school was formed in the sixties and seventies of the twentieth century. It was during these years that clinical schools of surgeons (Professor A. L. Gushcha), pediatricians (Professor N. V. Dmitrieva), therapists (Professor V. Ya. Garmash), and pharmacologists (Professor A. A. Nikulin) were formed in Ryazan. In 1967, Professor A. M. Nogaller came to Ryazan from the Astrakhan Medical Institute. (1920-2021), who from 1967 to 1993 headed the Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases of the Ryazan Medical Institute / Academician I. P. Pavlov.
Method for increasing scientific value of portal hypertension modeling experiment
Authors: Fedoseev A. V. , Budarev V. N. , Chekushin A. A.
Published: January 2023

Aim: development and testing of a technically simple method for the formation of portal hypertension in the body of a domestic pig, which makes it possible to obtain a model that is close in key parameters to humans. Materials and methods. The material of the study was the results of an experiment conducted in the vivarium of the Ryazan State Medical University on 12 domestic pigs. Results. A method for modeling portal hypertension in the body of a domestic pig by dosed compression of the hepatoduodenal ligament with a plastic clamp was developed and tested. Conclusions. A model of portal hypertension was obtained, which makes it possible to obtain scientific data easily extended to humans, due to the similarity of the anatomy, physiology, and size of the used laboratory animal with those of humans.
Probiotics and hepatoprotectors in the treatment of acute viral hepatitis
Authors: Zhdanovich L. G. , Martynov V. A.
Published: January 2023

Relevance. In patients with acute viral hepatitis A and B, favorable conditions are created for the development of dysbiotic changes. As a result, the toxic load on the liver increases. For effective treatment of acute viral hepatitis A and B, the combined administration of probiotics and hepatoprotectors is necessary. Aim. To study the clinical course, the functional state of the liver, the intestinal microflora in patients with acute viral hepatitis A and B, and the effectasy of using a combination of probiotics and hepatoprotectors to correct the intestinal microflora. Materials and methods. The work used clinical and laboratory data of 74 patients with AVHA and AVHB. The main group of patients received complex therapy with probiotics and hepatoprotectors on the background of basic therapy. The comparison group patients were on conventional therapy. Clinical, biochemical, bacteriological parameters were observed before the start of therapy and 15 days later, serological markers - upon admission. Results. In patients with AVHA and AVHB of the main group, the main clinical manifestations disappeared significantly earlier than in the control group. Patients of the main group with AVHA after treatment had significantly lower values of ALT, total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, cholesterol than in the control group. Patients with AVHB who received complex treatment, after its completion, had values of ALT, total, direct bilirubin and cholesterol significantly lower than control group. After the treatment in the main group, a significant increase in the total number of bifidobacteria was revealed, and in the main group, patients with AVHA after treatment showed a significant increase in the total number of E. coli. Conclusion. The use of combination therapy with probiotics and hepatoprotectors against the background of basic treatment in patients with acute viral hepatitis A and B has a positive effect on clinical parameters, the functional state of the liver and intestinal microbiocenosis.
Clinical features of the doubling of the digestive tract in children
Authors: Soloviev A. E. , Shatskaya E. E. , Shatsky V. N.
Published: January 2023

The aim of the study is to study the features of diagnosis and treatment of children with doubling of the digestive tract. Materials and methods. The 50-year experience of treating 46 children with a doubling of the digestive tract was analyzed. Results. Of all the children with a doubling of the digestive tract, 39 were diagnosed with intestinal obstruction. The diagnosis is most often established during surgery and after histological examination. A clinical observation is given. Conclusion. There is no typical clinical picture of the doubling of the digestive tract in children. Most children with a doubling of the digestive tract are diagnosed with intestinal obstruction. The double and the main organ have a common wall and a common blood supply, which creates difficulties and risks of damage to the main organ during surgery.
Experience in the treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns
Authors: Soloviev A. E. , Shatskaya E. E. , Shatsky V. N.
Published: January 2023

Purpose. To study the results of surgical treatment of NEC in newborns. Material and methods. Over 7 years, 18 newborns with NEC were observed. Surgical treatment was performed by everyone. Anamnesis, clinical and laboratory data, ultrasound, X-ray examinations were used in the diagnosis. Results and discussion. Laparostomy was performed in 7 children, resection of the small intestine and ileostomy - in 11 children. 7 children (40%) survived. A clinical observation is given. Conclusions. Upon admission to the clinic, newborns with NEC need to undergo antibacterial and detoxification therapy. If there is no improvement within 1 day (stage II B according to Bell) - raise the question of surgical treatment.
Experiment ended
Authors: Hong Fei
Published: January 2023

The Future of Wildlife Conservation DNA Collection and Analysis
Experiment ended
Authors: End Exp
Published: January 2023

The True Cost of Data Breaches: A Closer Look
Experiment ended
Authors: Evans Isabelle
Published: January 2023

The True Costs of Data Breaches Revealed
Experiment ended
Authors: Evans Isabelle
Published: January 2023

The Impact of Science on Wildlife Conservation: DNA Collection and Analysis
Experiment ended
Authors: End Exp
Published: January 2023

The Impact of Science on Wildlife Conservation: A Look at DNA Collection and Analysis
Experiment ended
Authors: Hong Fei
Published: January 2023

Inflation and Tightening Supplies Budgets: How Cost Restrictions Impact Scientific Research
A Data-driven Approach to Petroleum Engineering Problems
Authors: Lu Rong
Published: January 2023

In this work, a data-driven approach is taken to tackle problems in Petroleum Engineering domain, for both conventional and unconventional reservoirs. Conventional reservoirs face the problem of losing energy for flowing after a few years of production, thus operators choose to inject water and inject CO$_2$ as a secondary and tertiary recovery method. The question of interest is that how injection scheme correlates with production responses. As shown from this work, supervised learning (support vector machines) can answer the question and come up with predictive models. On the other hand, unconventional oil and gas resources development has gained much more attention since the last decade, due to the advancement in hydraulic fracturing (HF, or ``frac'') technology. In order to develop shale gas reservoirs, which have extremely low permeability, HF has to be applied. In the process fluids and solids under high pressure are pumped into the formation to break the rock. As fractures are created, more reservoir contact are obtained and the shale gas would flow through the fractures to the wellbore. Two questions the industry are interested in are, where to frac the wells in unconventional shale plays, and with so many completion and stimulation parameters whether there exists any hidden patterns. The two aspects are approached by both supervised (linear regression) and unsupervised learning (cluster analysis) in the following.
The Feasibility of Goal Management Training to address cognitive impairment in an outpatient alcohol treatment population: findings from a novel case series
Authors: Monds Lauren Ann , Crowe Amy , aguilera Maria bravo , Ridley Nicole , Newcombe David , Mantell Rhys , lintzeris nicholas , Withall Adrienne
Published: January 2023

Introduction and Aims. People with alcohol use disorder (AUD) exhibit high rates of comorbidity with cognitive deficits, particularly for executive function (EF). Cognitive impairment has previously been found to be related to poorer outcomes in substance use treatment. However, traditional interventions to improve cognitive function within this group have encountered both high attrition and low retention rates. This paper reports on the feasibility of providing a cognitive remediation intervention at an outpatient alcohol treatment service in Sydney, Australia. Design, Methods and Results. Due to lower-than-expected recruitment rates, the paper details a case series of five clients recruited to a 9-week group intervention using Goal Management Training (GMT; a structured program which targets EF). Clients engaged in the intervention presented with a range of deficits in their cognitive functioning at baseline. Despite positive comments from participants regarding the intervention, there was a high level of attrition, with only one participant remaining until the end of the program. Discussion and Conclusions. It is thus concluded that this program in its current form is not suitable for this cohort in this outpatient setting. Suggestions are made for tailoring GMT and other approaches to increase engagement and retention in future interventions.
Insight and non-insight problem solving: A heart rate variability study
Authors: Stuyck Hans , Demeyer Febe , Bratanov Christo , Cleeremans Axel , Van den Bussche Eva
Published: January 2023

Occasionally, problems are solved with a sudden Aha! Moment (insight), while the mundane approach to solve problems is analytical (non-insight). At first glance, non-insight appears to depend on the availability and taxation of cognitive resources to execute the step-by-step approach, whereas insight does not or to a lesser extent. However, this remains debated. To investigate the reliance of both solution types on cognitive resources, we assessed the involvement of the prefrontal cortex using vagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV) as an index. Participants (N = 68) solved 70 compound remote associates word puzzles solvable with insight and non-insight. Before, during, and after solving the word puzzles, we measured vmHRV. Our results showed that resting-state vmHRV (trait) showed a negative association with behavioural performance for both solution types. This might reflect inter-individual differences in inhibitory control. As the solution search requires one to think of remote associations, inhibitory control might hamper rather than aid this process. Furthermore, we observed, for both solution types, a vmHRV increase from resting-state to solution search (state), lingering on in the post-task recovery period. This could mark the increase of prefrontal resources to promote an open-minded stance, essential for divergent thinking, which arguably is crucial for this task. Our findings suggest that, at a general level, both solution types share common aspects. However, a closer analysis of early and late solutions and puzzle difficulty suggested that metacognitive differentiation between insight and non-insight improved with higher trait vmHRV, and that a unique association between trait vmHRV and puzzle difficulty was present for each solution type.
Probing the unimaginable: The impact of aphantasia on distinct domains of visual mental imagery and visual perception
Authors: Liu Jianghao , Bartolomeo Paolo
Published: January 2023

Different individuals experience varying degrees of vividness in their visual mental images. The distribution of these variations across different imagery domains, such as object shape, color, written words, faces, and spatial relationships, remains unknown. To address this issue, we conducted a study with 117 healthy participants who reported different levels of imagery vividness. Of these participants, 44 reported experiencing absent or nearly absent visual imagery, a condition known as "aphantasia". These individuals were compared to those with typical (N = 42) or unusually vivid (N = 31) imagery ability. We used an online version of the French-language Battérie Imagination-Perception (eBIP), which consists of tasks tapping each of the above-mentioned domains, both in visual imagery and in visual perception. We recorded the accuracy and response times (RTs) of participants' responses. Aphantasic participants reached similar levels of accuracy on all tasks compared to the other groups (Bayesian repeated measures ANOVA, BF = 0.02). However, their RTs were slower in both imagery and perceptual tasks (BF = 266), and they had lower confidence in their responses on perceptual tasks (BF = 7.78e5). A Bayesian regression analysis revealed that there was an inverse correlation between subjective vividness and RTs for the entire participant group: higher levels of vividness were associated with faster RTs. The pattern was similar in all the explored domains. The findings suggest that individuals with congenital aphantasia experience a slowing in processing visual information in both imagery and perception, but the precision of their processing remains unaffected. The observed performance pattern lends support to the hypotheses that congenital aphantasia is primarily a deficit of phenomenal consciousness, or that it employs alternative strategies other than visualization to access preserved visual information.
Cross-national differences in socioeconomic achievement inequality in early primary school: The role of parental education and income in six countries
Authors: Dräger Jascha , Washbrook Elizabeth , Schneider Thorsten , Akabayashi Hideo , Keizer Renske , Solaz Anne , Waldfogel Jane , De la Rie Sanneke , Kameyama Yuriko , Kwon Sarah Jiyoon , Nozaki Kayo , Perinetti Casoni Valentina , Sano Shinpei , Sheridan Alexandra , Shikishima Chizuru
Published: January 2023

This paper presents comparative information on the socioeconomic status (SES) gradients in literacy skills at age 6-8, drawing on harmonized national datasets from France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We investigate whether understanding of comparative SES gradients in early-to-mid childhood depends on the operationalization of SES (parental education, income, or both); and whether differences in inequalities at the end of lower secondary schooling documented in international large-scale assessments are already present when children have experienced at most two years of formal compulsory schooling. We find marked differences in the SES gradient in early achievement across countries that are largely insensitive to the way SES is measured, and that seem to mirror inequalities reported for older students. We conclude that country context shapes the link between parental SES and children’s educational achievement, with country differences rooted in the early childhood period.
Evaluation of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in upstream and downstream of Kulekhani Multipurpose Reservoir, Makawanpur, Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Manisha , Regmi Tejendra , Shrestha Rajeshwor
Published: January 2023

Reservoir construction in the natural waterways can disrupt the structure and function of riparian ecosystems with the alteration in abundance and composition of aquatic organisms. This study assessed the variation in Benthic Macroinvertebrates (BMIs) communities in upstream (Chitlang and Seti Streams) and downstream (spillway) of Kulekhani multipurpose reservoir, Makawanpur, Nepal. Multi-habitat qualitative samplings with Ganga River System Biotic Score (GRSBIOS) index was used for the biological water quality assessment. Out of total 25 families and 8 orders of identified BMIs, Diptera and Coleoptera order are abundant whereas Oligochaeta and Odonata order are lowest. Taxa richness and abundance of BMIs were estimated to be higher upstream. Number of EPT taxa (6 to 2) and percentage of EPT (35.07 to 28.04 %) abundance were recorded in decreasing order of response toward downstream. The upstream showed a high Shannon and Simpson’s diversity index. Chitlang Stream is found slightly polluted as Average Score Per Taxa (ASPT) score is calculated as 6.1 (River Water Quality Status (RWQS)-I)). Similarly, immediate downstream is critically polluted with RWQS-III whereas Seti Stream and spillway after 4 km were found to be moderately polluted as RWQS-II. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen have a high influence in BMIs assemblages. The study depicts the ecological health of the stream immediately downstream of the reservoir is disturbed with presence of tolerant BMIs assemblages. The implication of the study can be in the assessment of impact caused by the reservoir in the ecological status of the water transfer.
Metafikcja komiczna i komizm metafikcyjny w dramatach Luigiego Pirandella i Witolda Gombrowicza. Studium porównawcze
Authors: Bąkowska Nadzieja
Published: January 2023

This comparative Polish-Italian study explores the comic potential of metafiction, and illustrates it with the examples drawn from drama works of Luigi Pirandello and Witold Gombrowicz. It is the first publication which juxtaposes this aspect of both writers’ works, and the theoretical model elaborated by the author allows reading works by other authors in this context.
Amaqaba nama Gqobhoka?
Authors: Kumalo Siseko H.
Published: January 2023

Working through the two concepts of amaqaba nama gqobhoka, I outline ‘ontological derision’. I argue that ontological derision is rooted in intra-Black conflict that leads to interracial conflict, and propose ontological recognition as a resolution to the tensions that exist in the South African political landscape. To reach the postcolonial condition advanced by scholars like Mahmood Mamdani (2021), the modes of life that existed in South Africa prior to colonial imposition need to be recognised as legitimate and worthy of participation in the formation of the public sphere. I argue that recognising this ontology will inform the genuine formation of an inclusive national identity in South Africa. Such a proposal is rooted in the thinking of William Wellington Gqoba, who suggests that the more the two cultures understand each other, the less tensions will exist between them.