bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasma Levels of Propionylcarnitine Improved Prediction of Heart Failure and All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Lumpuy-Castillo Jairo , Rupérez Francisco J. , Porto Brenda Lee Simas , Cristóbal Carmen , Tarín Nieves , Huelmos Ana Isabel , Alonso Joaquín , Egido Jesús , Mahíllo-Fernández Ignacio , López-Bescós Lorenzo , Tuñón José , Lorenzo Óscar
Published: December 2024

Background: Plasma metabolites could be suitable as predictive biomarkers for cardiovascular pathologies or death, thereby improving the prediction of protein biomarkers. The release of acylcarnitines may be altered after coronary artery disease (CAD) in subjects with recurrent clinical outcomes, and this could be used as a prognosis tool. Methods: Patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) who had suffered an acute coronary syndrome 6–9 months before were followed for up to 4.3 years for adverse events. Soluble pro-inflammatory/fibrotic proteins, and a panel of 13 amino acids and 13 acylcarnitines, were evaluated by ELISA and metabolomics analyses as potential predictors of a primary outcome [heart failure (HF) or death]. Results: Among 139 patients (67.0 years old, BMI = 28.6 kg/m2, and 71.2% male), 25 developed the primary outcome after a mean follow-up of 2.2 years. These patients showed increased plasma levels of NT-proBNP (1300 vs. 250 pg/mL; p < 0.001), pro-inflammatory/fibrotic MCP-1 (1.7 vs. 1.4 × 102 pg/mL; p = 0.043), Gal-3 (12.7 vs. 7.9 ng/mL; p < 0.001), and NGAL (2.7 vs. 1.6 × 102 ng/mL; p < 0.001), and lower acetyl- and propionylcarnitines (0.59 vs. 0.99 µM, p = 0.007, and 3.22 vs. 6.49 × 10−2 µM, p < 0.001, respectively). Instead, plasma amino acids were not significantly changed. Through a multivariable logistic regression analysis, a combined model of age, Gal-3, and the NGAL/propionylcarnitine ratio showed the highest prediction for HF or death (AUC = 0.88, sensitivity = 0.8, and specificity = 0.81; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Patients with SCAD led to recurrent HF or all-cause death. Interestingly, increased levels of plasma NGAL and Gal-3, and a reduction in propionylcarnitine, could predict the occurrence of these events.
Co-Localized in Amyloid Plaques Cathepsin B as a Source of Peptide Analogs Potential Drug Candidates for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Theodoropoulou Marilena K. , Vraila Konstantina D. , Papandreou Nikos C. , Nasi Georgia I. , Iconomidou Vassiliki A.
Published: December 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by extracellular amyloid plaques, predominantly consisting of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. The oligomeric form of Aβ is acknowledged as the most neurotoxic, propelling the pathological progression of AD. Interestingly, besides Aβ, other proteins are co-localized within amyloid plaques. Peptide analogs corresponding to the “aggregation-prone” regions (APRs) of these proteins could exhibit high-affinity binding to Aβ and significant inhibitory potential against the Aβ oligomerization process. The peptide analogs of co-localized protease, Cathepsin B, may act as such potent inhibitors. In silico studies on the complexes of the oligomeric state of Aβ and Cathepsin B peptide analogs were performed utilizing molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, revealing that these analogs disrupt the β-sheet-rich core of Aβ oligomers, a critical structural feature of their stability. Of the four peptide analogs evaluated, two demonstrated considerable potential by effectively destabilizing oligomers while maintaining low self-aggregation propensity, i.e., a crucial consideration for therapeutic safety. These findings point out the potential of APR-derived peptide analogs from co-localized proteins as innovative agents against AD, paving the way for further exploration in peptide-based therapeutic development.
Hole Transfer and the Resulting DNA Damage
Authors: Chatgilialoglu Chryssostomos , Peluso Andrea
Published: December 2024

In this review, we focus on the one-electron oxidation of DNA, which is a multipart event controlled by several competing factors. We will discuss the oxidation free energies of the four nucleobases and the electron detachment from DNA, influenced by specific interactions like hydrogen bonding and stacking interactions with neighboring sites in the double strand. The formation of a radical cation (hole) which can migrate through DNA (hole transport), depending on the sequence-specific effects and the allocation of the final oxidative damage, is also addressed. Particular attention is given to the one-electron oxidation of ds-ODN containing G:C pairs, including the complex mechanism of the deprotonation vs. hydration steps of a G:C•+ pair, as well as to the modes of formation of the two guanyl radical tautomers after deprotonation. Among the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in aerobic organisms by cellular metabolisms, several oxidants react with DNA. The mechanism of stable product formation and their use as biomarkers of guanine oxidation in DNA damage are also addressed.
C/EBPβ Regulates HIF-1α-Driven Invasion of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Seo Seung Hee , Lee Ji Hae , Choi Eun Kyung , Rho Seung Bae , Yoon Kyungsil
Published: December 2024

Metastatic cancer accounts for most cancer-related deaths, and identifying specific molecular targets that contribute to metastatic progression is crucial for the development of effective treatments. Hypoxia, a feature of solid tumors, plays a role in cancer progression by inducing resistance to therapy and accelerating metastasis. Here, we report that CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) transcriptionally regulates hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF1A) and thus promotes migration and invasion of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells under hypoxic conditions. Our results show that knockdown or forced expression of C/EBPβ was correlated with HIF-1α expression and that C/EBPβ directly bound to the promoter region of HIF1A. Silencing HIF1A inhibited the enhanced migration and invasion induced by C/EBPβ overexpression in NSCLC cells under hypoxia. Expression of the HIF-1α target gene, SLC2A1, was also altered in a C/EBPβ-dependent manner, and knockdown of SLC2A1 reduced migration and invasion enhanced by C/EBPβ overexpression. These results indicate that C/EBPβ is a critical regulator for the invasion of NSCLC cells in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Collectively, the C/EBPβ-HIF-1α-GLUT1 axis represents a potential therapeutic target for preventing metastatic progression of NSCLC and improving patient outcomes.
Insights into the Allosteric Regulation of Human Hsp90 Revealed by NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Goričan Tjaša , Golič Grdadolnik Simona
Published: December 2024

Human heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is one of the most important chaperones that play a role in the late stages of protein folding. Errors in the process of the chaperone cycle can lead to diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the activity of Hsp90 must be carefully regulated. One of the possibilities is allosteric regulation by its natural allosteric modulators—nucleotides, co-chaperones and client proteins—and synthetic small-molecule allosteric modulators, such as those targeting the middle domain or the C-terminal domain (CTD) of Hsp90. Since no experimentally determined structure of a small-molecule allosteric modulator bound to the CTD of human Hsp90 has yet been obtained, the challenge for a structure-based design of allosteric modulators remains. Solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy could be utilized to overcome these problems. The main aim of this review article is to discuss how solution NMR techniques, especially protein-based, and the advanced isotope labeling of proteins have been used to investigate the allosteric regulation of the cytosolic isoforms of human Hsp90 with allosteric modulators. This article provides the basis for planning future NMR experiments, with the aim of gaining insights into allosteric sites and the mechanisms of allosteric regulation.
NADH Reductive Stress and Its Correlation with Disease Severity in Leigh Syndrome: A Pilot Study Using Patient Fibroblasts and a Mouse Model
Authors: Ishima Tamaki , Kimura Natsuka , Kobayashi Mizuki , Watanabe Chika , Jimbo Eriko F. , Kobayashi Ryosuke , Horii Takuro , Hatada Izuho , Murayama Kei , Ohtake Akira , Nagai Ryozo , Osaka Hitoshi , Aizawa Kenichi
Published: December 2024

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a critical cofactor in mitochondrial energy production. The NADH/NAD+ ratio, reflecting the balance between NADH (reduced) and NAD+ (oxidized), is a key marker for the severity of mitochondrial diseases. We recently developed a streamlined LC-MS/MS method for the precise measurement of NADH and NAD+. Utilizing this technique, we quantified NADH and NAD+ levels in fibroblasts derived from pediatric patients and in a Leigh syndrome mouse model in which mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I subunit Ndufs4 is knocked out (KO). In patient-derived fibroblasts, NAD+ levels did not differ significantly from those of healthy controls (p = 0.79); however, NADH levels were significantly elevated (p = 0.04), indicating increased NADH reductive stress. This increase, observed despite comparable total NAD(H) levels between the groups, was attributed to elevated NADH levels. Similarly, in the mouse model, NADH levels were significantly increased in the KO group (p = 0.002), further suggesting that NADH elevation drives reductive stress. This precise method for NADH measurement is expected to outperform conventional assays, such as those for lactate, providing a simpler and more reliable means of assessing disease progression.
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Cardio-Renoprotective Pharmacological Interventions in Chronic Kidney Disease: An Umbrella Review of Network Meta-Analyses and a Multicriteria Decision Analysis
Authors: Bellos Ioannis , Marinaki Smaragdi , Lagiou Pagona , Benetou Vassiliki
Published: December 2024

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1a), and non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (ns-MRA) are promising treatments for chronic kidney disease. This umbrella review of network meta-analyses evaluated their effects on cardiovascular outcomes, kidney disease progression, and adverse events, using the TOPSIS method to identify the optimal intervention based on P-scores. A total of 19 network meta-analyses and 44 randomized controlled trials involving 86,150 chronic kidney disease patients were included. Compared to placebo, SGLT2i were associated with reduced risks of cardiovascular events [Hazard ratio (HR): 0.776, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.727–0.998], kidney disease progression (HR: 0.679, 95% CI: 0.629–0.733), acute kidney injury (HR: 0.873, 95% CI: 0.773–0.907), and serious adverse events (HR: 0.881, 95% CI: 0.847–0.916). GLP1a and ns-MRA were also associated with significant reductions in cardiovascular and kidney-specific composite outcomes. Indirect evidence showed that SGLT2i demonstrated a lower risk of kidney disease progression compared to GLP1a (HR: 0.826, 95% CI: 0.716–0.952) and ns-MRA (HR: 0.818, 95% CI: 0.673–0.995), representing the best intervention across all endpoints. In conclusion, while SGLT2i, GLP1a, and ns-MRA all reduce cardiovascular and kidney disease risks in chronic kidney disease, SGLT2i appears to provide the most favorable balance of efficacy and safety.
Saponins Effect on Human Insulin Amyloid Aggregation
Authors: Mari Eleonora , Vilasi Silvia , Moretti Paolo , Mangione Maria Rosalia , Giorgini Giorgia , Galeazzi Roberta , Ortore Maria Grazia
Published: December 2024

The misfolding and amyloid aggregation of proteins have been attracting scientific interest for a few decades, due to their link with several diseases, particularly neurodegenerative diseases. Proteins can assemble and result in insoluble aggregates that, together with intermediate oligomeric species, modify the extracellular environment. Many efforts have been and are devoted to the search for cosolvents and cosolutes able to interfere with amyloid aggregation. In this work, we intensively study the effect of saponins, bioactive compounds, on human insulin aggregation. To monitor the kinetic of amyloid aggregation following secondary structure changes, we perform fluorescence and UV-Visible absorption spectroscopies, using Thioflavin T and Congo Red as amyloid specific probes, and Circular Dichroism. To study the overall structural features and size of aggregates, we perform Synchrotron Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Dynamic Light Scattering experiments. The morphology of the aggregates was assessed by Atomic Force Microscopy. To deepen the understanding of the saponins interaction with insulin, a Molecular Dynamics investigation is performed, too. The reported data demonstrate that saponins interfere with the amyloid aggregation by inducing a strong inhibition on the formation of insulin fibrils, likely through specific interactions with insulin monomers. A dose-dependent effect is evident, and amyloid inhibition is already clear when saponins are just 0.01% w/w in solution. We suggest that saponins, which are natural metabolites present in a wide range of foods ranging from grains, pulses, and green leaves to sea stars and cucumbers, can be promising metabolites to inhibit human insulin aggregation. This basic research work can pave the way to further investigations concerning insulin amyloidosis, suggesting the use of saponins as amyloid inhibitors and/or stabilizing agents in solution.
Early Myocardial Strain Reduction and miR-122-5p Elevation Associated with Interstitial Fibrosis in Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Caballero-Valderrama María de Regla , Bevilacqua Elisa , Echevarría Miriam , Salvador-Bofill Francisco Javier , Ordóñez Antonio , López-Haldón José Eduardo , Smani Tarik , Calderón-Sánchez Eva M.
Published: December 2024

Echocardiographic myocardial strain is crucial for early detection of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, particularly in patients at moderate or high risk. Background/Objectives: This study investigates changes in global longitudinal strain (GLS) in breast cancer patients with low baseline risk for cardiotoxicity during cancer therapy. We also examined the relationship between echocardiographic strain, structural myocardial changes, and microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation associated with cancer treatment using an animal model. Methods: Echocardiography and blood tests were examined in 33 breast cancer patients with low baseline risk for cardiotoxicity during anthracycline treatment, with a follow-up at 12 months. Additionally, 16 Wistar rats received epirubicin (20 mg/kg over 4 weeks) to examine cardiac strain and structural changes. Moreover, circulating miRNA levels were assessed in patients’ serum using microarray at the end of the treatment and further analyzed in peripheral blood from the animal model. Results: Pathological GLS values were observed in 27.27% of patients after four cycles, with 15.15% showing reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) after 12 months. In the animal model, epirubicin-induced circumferential strain (CS) decrease correlates with myocardial fibrosis assessed histologically and by a significant increase in COL1 and TGFB2 expression. Furthermore, we found a significant decrease in aquaporin1 expression associated with the presence of vacuoles in treated rats. Furthermore, dysregulation in the expression of miRNAs was observed in patients with cardiotoxicity. Among them, hsa-miR-122-5p is increased in both patient and rat serum post-treatment. Conclusions: A notable percentage of low-risk patients exhibited cardiac strain reduction due to cardiotoxicity. Epirubicin treatment caused structural heart changes in rats, highlighting miR-122-5p as a potential fibrosis marker that correlated with echocardiographic parameters.
Associations of Abnormal Sleep Duration and Chronotype with Higher Risk of Incident Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A UK Biobank Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Gan , Cao Wen , Wang Zhuoya , Xia Kailin , Deng Binbin , Fan Dongsheng
Published: December 2024

Background: The occurrence of sleep disturbances in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients is widely reported. However, there is still a lack of reliable evidence of a relationship between sleep disturbances and the risk of developing ALS. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate the longitudinal associations between sleep traits and the risk of incident ALS. Methods: We included information from 409,045 individuals from the prospective cohort of the UK Biobank. Sleep traits at baseline were measured using a standardized questionnaire. All sleep traits were analyzed in relation to the subsequent incidence of ALS using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that 6–7 h of sleep was related to the lowest risk for ALS. A long sleep duration (≥8 h) was associated with an increased risk of ALS incidence (HR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.07–1.61; p = 0.009). A short sleep duration (<6 h) was associated with an increased risk of ALS incidence (HR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.10–3.30, p = 0.021) in females. In participants aged ≥65 years, eveningness was associated with increased ALS risk (HR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.08–1.61; p = 0.006). Conclusion: Our results hint at a sleep duration that is too short or too long, and certain chronotypes might be related to the risk of developing ALS. Despite the limitations imposed by the study design and the subjectivity of sleep information, our findings suggest that sleep disturbances may influence the risk of developing ALS.
Systemic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Childhood Obesity: Sex Differences in Adiposity Indices and Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Hertiš Petek Tjaša , Homšak Evgenija , Svetej Mateja , Marčun Varda Nataša
Published: December 2024

Background: Systemic inflammation and oxidative stress are fundamental contributors to the onset of conditions related to childhood obesity, such as cardiovascular (CV) diseases. We aimed to assess CV risk in childhood obesity by examining sex differences in adiposity indices, cardiometabolic profiles, inflammation, and oxidative stress biomarkers. We also aimed to assess the potential of the interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC/CXCL11) as a novel biomarker. Methods: Eighty children (36 girls) aged 5–18 years with overweight, obesity, or normal weight were analyzed. Fasting blood samples were obtained to assess C-reactive protein (CRP), leukocytes, myeloperoxidase (MPO), adiponectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, superoxide dismutase-1, I-TAC/CXCL11, and a comprehensive cardiometabolic profile, including glucose, lipid, renal, liver, and thyroid function markers. Adiposity indices were determined using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and anthropometric measures, including BMI, waist-to-hip and waist-to-height ratios, and visceral and subcutaneous fat thickness. Blood pressure (BP) and pulse wave velocity were also evaluated. Results: Girls had less central obesity and fewer CV risk factors than boys, despite having similar total fat mass. Both girls and boys with overweight or obesity showed higher CRP levels. Girls with excess weight had increased leukocyte counts, while boys had elevated MPO levels, which correlated positively with adiposity indices, systolic BP, and homocysteine, and negatively with HDL. I-TAC/CXCL11 levels were similar across groups. Conclusions: Adiposity indices are essential for evaluating CV risk in children and adolescents, with sex differences underscoring the need for tailored approaches. MPO correlated significantly with CV risk markers, supporting its inclusion in routine assessments. I-TAC/CXCL11 warrants further study in childhood obesity.
Human Endogenous Retroviruses and Their Putative Role in Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease, Inflammation, and Senescence
Authors: Kozubek Patrycja , Kuźniar Julia , Czaja Magdalena , Sitka Hanna , Kochman Urszula , Leszek Jerzy
Published: December 2024

The human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are ancient exogenous retroviruses that were embedded in the germline over 30 million years ago and underwent an endogenization process. They make up roughly 8% of the human genome. HERVs exhibit many physiological and non-physiological functions; for example, they play a role in the development of many diseases. They have been shown to affect carcinogenesis by modifying the expression of host genes through their functions as enhancers and promoters. Additionally, some molecules derived from HERVs may stimulate the immune system. Recently research has been focused on the effect of human endogenous retroviruses on the development of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is the most common cause of dementia. AD is also linked to a significant deterioration in quality of life. The article aims to highlight the potential role of HERVs in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and senescence. Moreover, it is estimated that HERVs may be potential targets for diagnosis and therapy of AD.
Nature–Inspired Metaheuristic Optimization for Control Tuning of Complex Systems
Authors: Garicano-Mena Jesús , Santos Matilde
Published: December 2024

In this contribution, a methodology for the optimal tuning of controllers of complex systems based on meta–heuristic techniques is proposed. Two bio-inspired meta-heuristic optimization algorithms –the Antlion Optimizer (ALO) and the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA)– have been applied to two different dynamic systems: the Hoop & Ball electromechanical system, a system where a linearized description is adequate; and to a Wind Turbine–Generator–Rectifier, as an example of a complex non-linear dynamic system. The performance of the ALO and WOA techniques for the tuning of conventional PID controllers is evaluated in relation to the number of agents nS and the maximum number of iterations nMaxIter; given the stochastic nature of both methods, repeatability is also addressed. Finally, the computational effort required for their implementation is considered. By analyzing the obtained metrics, it is observed that both methods provide comparable results for the two systems considered and, therefore, the ALO and WOA techniques can complement each other by exploiting the advantages of each of them in controller tuning.
A Microfluidic Biosensor for Quantitative Detection of Salmonella in Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Wu Yutong , Liu Yang , Ma Jinchen , Zhu Shanxi , Zhao Xiaojun , Mou Huawei , Ke Xuanqi , Wu Zhisheng , Wang Yifei , Lin Sheng , Qi Wuzhen
Published: December 2024

Microbial contamination is an important factor threatening the safety of Chinese medicine preparations, and microfluidic detection methods have demonstrated excellent advantages in the application of rapid bacterial detection. In our study, a novel optical biosensor was developed for the rapid and sensitive detection of Salmonella in traditional Chinese medicine on a microfluidic chip. Immune gold@platinum nanocatalysts (Au@PtNCs) were utilized for specific bacterial labeling, while magnetic nano-beads (MNBs) with a novel high-gradient magnetic field were employed for the specific capture of bacteria. The immune MNBs, immune Au@PtNCs, and bacterial samples were introduced into a novel passive microfluidic micromixer for full mixing, resulting in the formation of a double-antibody sandwich structure due to antigen–antibody immune reactions. Subsequently, the mixture flowed into the reaction cell, where the MNBs-Salmonella-Au@PtNCs complex was captured by the magnetic field. After washing, hydrogen peroxide-tetramethylbenzidine substrate (H2O2-TMB) was added, reacting with the Au@PtNCs peroxidase to produce a blue reaction product. This entire process was automated using a portable device, and Salmonella concentration was analyzed via a phone application. This simple biosensor has good specificity with a detection range of 9 × 101–9 × 105 CFU/mL and can detect Salmonella concentrations as low as 90 CFU/mL within 74 min. The average recoveries of the spiked samples ranged from 76.8% to 109.5%
Development and Validation of the Interpreting Learning Engagement Scale (ILES)
Authors: Yu Wenting , Wu Chenggang
Published: December 2024

This study developed and validated the Interpreting Learning Engagement Scale (ILES), which was designed to measure the engagement of students in the interpreting learning context. Recognizing the crucial role of learning engagement in academic success and the acquisition of interpreting skills, which demands considerable cognitive effort and active involvement, this research addresses the gap in empirical studies on engagement within the field of interpreting. The ILES, comprising 18 items across four dimensions (behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and agentic engagement), was validated with data collected from a cohort of 306 students from five universities in China. The study employed exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to establish the scale’s theoretical underpinnings and provided further reliability and validity evidence, demonstrating its adequate psychometric properties. Additionally, the scale’s scores showed a significant correlation with grit, securing the external validity of the ILES. This study not only contributes a validated instrument for assessing student engagement in interpreting learning but also provides implications for promoting engagement through potential interventions, with the ultimate aim of achieving high levels of interpreting competence.
Approach or Avoidance? The Mechanisms Underlying the Impact of Community Goal Orientation on Residents’ Waste Separation Recycling Behaviors
Authors: Wang Zhihao , Huang Lingchao , Li Wei , Xu Duo
Published: December 2024

Amidst the vigorous pursuit of sustainable development, the significance of community management has become increasingly evident. This study, anchored in goal orientation theory, delineated a conceptual model that elucidated the influence of community goal orientation on residents’ waste separation recycling behaviors. Utilizing a longitudinal study design combined with self-report methods, data comprising 871 paired observations from 166 residents were collected and analyzed via multilevel structural equation modeling to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings corroborated that the community approach goal orientation not only had a direct positive impact on the residents’ waste separation and recycling behaviors but could also induce the residents’ environmental passion and subsequently influence their waste separation and recycling behaviors. Conversely, community avoidance goal orientation exhibited no significant effect on either the environmental passion or waste separation recycling behaviors. Furthermore, the community trust was found to positively moderate the effect of community approach goal orientation on the environmental passion. Meanwhile, the community trust moderated the mediating role of environmental passion. However, the community trust did not moderate the effect of the community avoidance goal orientation on environmental passion.
Effects of Failure Acceptance, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Social Safety Net on Entrepreneurial Intention: A Moderated Mediation Analysis of Korean Employees
Authors: Chang Yu Jin , Martirosyan Arpine , Lim Hae Wen , Yoo Jae Wook
Published: December 2024

This study aims to examine innovation using an entrepreneurial event model by exploring the effects of failure acceptance, entrepreneurial orientation, and social safety nets on entrepreneurial intention. A survey was conducted with employees in South Korea to collect data, which were analyzed statistically using SPSS version 27.0 and Macro 4.1. The findings indicate that the failure acceptance of South Korean employees does not directly influence their entrepreneurial intention; rather, it has a complete mediation effect through entrepreneurial orientation. This reflects the unique entrepreneurial culture in South Korea, where entrepreneurship is highly emphasized. Additionally, perceptions of social safety nets positively moderate the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention. The research highlights the significance and direction of studies in the entrepreneurial sector by considering national cultural differences and emphasizing the interaction between individual psychological traits and environmental factors. Furthermore, it presents South Korea’s distinctive entrepreneurial culture and offers elements that could enhance the entrepreneurial environment, thereby creating practical value.
Systematic Exploration of the Knowledge Graph on Rock Porosity Structure
Authors: Geng Chengwei , Xiong Fei , Liu Yong , Zhang Yun , Xue Yi , Xia Tongqiang , Ji Ming
Published: December 2024

The porosity structure of rocks is an important research topic in fields such as civil engineering, geology, and petroleum engineering, with significant implications for groundwater flow, oil and gas reservoir exploitation, and geological hazard prediction. This paper systematically explores the research progress and knowledge graph construction methods for rock porosity structure, aiming to provide scientific foundations for a multidimensional understanding and application of rock porosity structure. It outlines the basic concepts and classifications of rock porosity, including the definitions and characteristics of macropores, micropores, and nanopores. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the main technical methods employed in recent research on rock porosity structure, including X-ray computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and 3D reconstruction technologies. It explores the relationship between porosity structure and the physical and mechanical properties of rocks, focusing on the impact of porosity, permeability, and pore morphology on rock mechanical behavior. A knowledge graph of rock porosity structure is constructed to highlight key research areas, core technologies, and emerging applications in this field. The study utilizes extensive literature review and data mining techniques, analyzing 4807 papers published over the past 20 years, sourced from the Web of Science database. Bibliometric and knowledge graph analyses were performed, examining trends such as annual publication volume, country/region distribution, institutional affiliations, journal sources, subject categories, and research databases, as well as research hotspots and frontier developments. This analysis offers valuable insights into the current state of rock porosity structure research, shedding light on its progress and providing references for further advancing research in this area.
A Theoretical Prediction for Shear Capacity of Cellular Solid Shear Walls
Authors: Ghayour Najafabadi Alireza , Memarzadeh Parham , Zirakian Tadeh , Ghasemi Jouneghani Habib
Published: December 2024

Steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) nowadays are accepted as an efficient lateral force-resisting system, especially for high-rise structures, because of their large initial stiffness and high level of energy absorption. There are different types of SPSWs based on their infill plate type. Cellular solid shear walls (CSSWs) are innovative steel shear walls filled with cellular solids. CSSWs can be useful for special architectural designs because of their unique appearance and openings. Whereas many studies have been reported on the SPSWs, there is a shortage of studies about CSSWs. This study presents the results of a detailed, numerical parametric analysis of triangular and quadrilateral CSSWs under monotonic loading in terms of their shear capacity, initial stiffness, and ductility, and also compares them with SPSWs. The investigated parameters are the size of cells, the cellular solid depth, and the cell wall thickness. The study results indicate that at the same capacity, the quadrilateral cellular solids are far lighter than triangular ones, making the quadrilateral CSSWs more suitable for use. In addition, the findings reveal that the performance of CSSWs is good enough to be used as a lateral force-resisting system in buildings. Finally, a practical procedure for the strength capacity of CSSWs based on the theoretical strip model is proposed.
Enhancement and Optimization of the Mechanical Properties in Cement Concrete with Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP)
Authors: Alwathaf Ahmed H. , Abdel Jaber Mu’tasim , Hunaiti Yasser M.
Published: December 2024

Using recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) as a natural aggregate (NA) replacement supports environmental preservation but requires performance evaluation. This study investigated the mechanical properties of concrete containing RAP and the potential of silica fume (SF) and superplasticizer (SP) to enhance these properties. Thirty-five concrete mixtures were prepared with a 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% replacement of natural coarse aggregate by crushed coarse RAP. SF (0–21%) and SP (0–2.1% per 100 kg of cement) were added separately as admixtures. Tests on compressive, splitting, and flexural strength showed that RAP generally reduced compressive and splitting tensile strength but increased flexural strength at low RAP content. SF and SP partially restored strength losses, with higher RAP content benefiting more from these admixtures. Optimal compressive strength gains ranged from 8% to 58%, with splitting and flexural tensile strength improvements of 40% and 28%, respectively. The ideal SF and SP contents were 5–7% and 0.8–1.5%, respectively. These findings demonstrate that 100% RAP concrete, combined with appropriate admixtures, can meet performance requirements, offering a sustainable solution for structural applications and promoting resource conservation.
Analysis of the Structural Behavior Evolution of Reinforced Soil Retaining Walls Under the Combined Effects of Rainfall and Earthquake
Authors: Li Xinxin , Cai Xiaoguang , Li Sihan , Huang Xin , Zhu Chen , Xu Honglu
Published: December 2024

Major earthquakes and rainfall may occur at the same time, necessitating further investigation into the dynamic characteristics and responses of reinforced soil retaining walls subjected to the combined forces of rainfall and seismic activity. Three sets of shaking table tests on model retaining walls were designed, a modular reinforced earth retaining wall was utilized as the subject of this study, and a custom-made device was made to simulate rainfall conditions of varying intensities. These tests monitored the rainwater infiltration pattern, macroscopic phenomena, panel displacement, tension behavior, dynamic characteristics, and acceleration response of the modular reinforced earth retaining wall during vibration under different rainfall intensities. The results indicated the following. (1) Rainwater infiltration can be categorized into three stages: rapid rise, rapid decline, and slow decline to stability. The duration for infiltration to reach stability increases with greater rainfall. (2) An increase in rainfall intensity enhances the seismic stability of the retaining wall panel, as higher rainfall intensity results in reduced sand leakage from the panel, thereby diminishing panel deformation during vibration. (3) Increased rainfall intensity decreases the shear strength of the soil, leading to a greater load on the reinforcement. (4) The natural vibration frequencies of the three groups of retaining walls decreased by 0.21%, 0.54%, and 2.326%, respectively, indicating some internal damage within the retaining walls, although the degree of damage was not severe. Additionally, the peak displacement of the panel increased by 0.91 mm, 0.63 mm, and 0.61 mm, respectively. (5) The amplification effect of rainfall on internal soil acceleration is diminished, with this weakening effect becoming more pronounced as rainfall intensity increases. These research findings can provide a valuable reference for multi-disaster risk assessments of modular reinforced soil retaining walls.
Assessment of the Applicability of Commercial Pigments for Photocatalytic Degradation of Pharmaceuticals: Comparison of Kinetics and Products of the Processes
Authors: Madej-Knysak Daria , Baran Wojciech
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to compare the photocatalytic activity of ZnO and four inexpensive TiO2-based pigments in the degradation of tetracyclines, beta-lactams, sulfonamides and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. TiO2-P25 (Aeroxide®) was used as the reference standard catalyst. For the photocatalytic degradation of selected drugs, kinetics were determined, and intermediates were identified. Efficient drug degradation was observed in the presence of ZnO and TiO2 pigments containing only anatase. The pigment containing a mixture of anatase and rutile was practically inactive. ZnO had the highest photocatalytic activity, higher than the standard. The other pigments were found to be less active than the standard. However, the use of these pigments for drug degradation may be economically justified due to their significantly lower price than TiO2-P25 (Aeroxide®). Seventy-two drug degradation products were identified. The photodegradation process followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. It was found that the degradation products of the tested drugs are very similar regardless of the catalyst used. Only the photodegradation products of diclofenac and consequently its products were significantly different in the presence of ZnO compared to TiO2-containing photocatalysts. It was confirmed that the tested photocatalysts, with the exclusion of FS, could be useful for pharmaceutical degradation.
Graphene Oxide Decorated Ce2S3 Nanocomposite for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline
Authors: Liu Zengguang , Zuo Zeyu , Yang Kai , Lu Kangqiang
Published: December 2024

Photocatalysis technology has been shown to be a promising and effective method for solving the growing energy and environmental challenges through the use of solar energy. In this work, Ce2S3 semiconductor photocatalysts decorated with small amounts of reduced graphene oxides are successfully synthesized by hydrothermal and calcination methods. The synthesized Ce2S3-RGO nanocomposite shows outstanding photocatalytic performance on the degradation of tetracycline (TC). The combination of Ce2S3 and RGO significantly promotes the separation of photon-generated carriers. The degradation rate of TC achieves 76% under visible light, which is 2.5 times over the pure Ce2S3 sample. In addition, a series of characterizations demonstrate that the introduction of RGO expands the visible light absorption range and increases the number of active sites. This work introduces the pivotal role of graphene oxide in the field of photocatalytic degradation and offers novel insights for the reasonable construction of effective composite photocatalysts.
Transition Metal Oxides Supported on TiO2 as Catalysts for the Low-Temperature Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx by NH3
Authors: Liebau Michael , Suprun Wolodymyr , Kasprick Marcus , Gläser Roger
Published: December 2024

The conversion of NOx and the yield of N2O during NH3-SCR-DeNOx below 473 K over TiO2-supported transition metal oxide catalysts with equal loading of 20 wt.-% decreases in the following order of the supported oxides: MnOx > CuOx > CoOx > FeOx > NiOx > CeOx. The storage capacity for NH3, characterized by the acid site density of the catalyst, is not directly correlated with the catalytic activity. Rather, the temperature range for the reduction of the supported transition metal oxides as determined by TPR-H2 is the main governing factor for high NH3-SCR-DeNOx activity, especially in the temperature range below 473 K. At the same time, oxidation temperature range and the density of Lewis acid sites govern the formation of N2O. The decomposition of NH4NO3 as an intermediate in the NH3-SCR-DeNOx reaction is determined by the redox property of TMO-based catalysts, which further influences both the windows of the decomposition temperature and the yield of N2O. The correlation between the redox properties and the activity for NH3-SCR-DeNOx was confirmed for a series of MnOx-CeOx/TiO2-SiO2 mixed transition metal oxide catalysts as a promising combination of the less active and more selective CeOx with less selective and highly active MnOx. The linear correlation between reduction temperature range and the NH3-SCR-DeNOx activity indicates that the found relation can be transferred to other supported transition metal-containing catalysts for low-temperature NH3-SCR-DeNOx.
Synthesis of Monodisperse Magnetic Fe3O4 Microspheres and Their Photocatalytic Degradation of Xylenol Orange
Authors: Xu Yaohui , Li Yong , Ding Zhao , Zheng Yang
Published: December 2024

To further enhance the safety and energy efficiency of the Fe3O4 preparation experiment, we proposed a strategy for synthesizing monodisperse Fe3O4 microspheres through a one-step solvothermal process. In this environmentally friendly synthesis method, stable FeCl3∙6H2O was utilized as the sole raw material, while ethylene glycol, characterized by its high boiling point and favorable safety profile, served as the solvent. Additionally, inexpensive and readily available urea was selected to function either as a mineralizer or surfactant. Through this one-step solvothermal reaction, the target product of Fe3O4 could be obtained without subsequent calcination under reducing or inert atmospheres, thereby enhancing experimental safety and promoting energy conservation. By controlling the amount of urea added, it became feasible to produce monodisperse magnetic Fe3O4 microspheres characterized by complete crystallinity and high yield. Utilizing the as-synthesized Fe3O4 as a catalyst, we investigated its photocatalytic activity against xylenol orange organic dyes along with its regeneration characteristics. When 40 mmol of urea was incorporated into the reaction mixture, the resulting Fe3O4 sample exhibited optimal photocatalytic performance; a 20 mg/L xylenol orange solution became colorless and transparent after just 1.5 h of UV light irradiation. Furthermore, during five consecutive regeneration cycles, its catalytic activity could be restored to its initial level. Importantly, Fe3O4 demonstrated excellent magnetic sensitivity properties that facilitated rapid targeted separation under an external magnetic field, providing convenience for recovery and collection purposes.
High-Level Expression and Engineering of Candida antarctica Lipase B in a Non-Methanol-Induced Pichia pastoris System
Authors: Lu Xinkun , Chen Bin , Shen Xiaowei , Cui Ziheng , Chen Biqiang
Published: December 2024

The efficient expression and excellent thermal stability of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) are crucial for its industrial production. In this study, through genetic engineering and rational design, while preserving the superior catalytic properties of CALB, we optimized the induction pathway using glycerol as the sole carbon source; moreover, the thermal stability sites of CALB were predicted and optimized. The results revealed that the level of CALB expression in this expression system reached 2.27 g/L under the condition of a 5 L fermenter. The Tm value of the CALB-Q231F increased by 10 °C. Moreover, after thermal inactivation at 80 °C for 1 h, the retention rate of esterification enzymatic activity over 24 h was 2.99 times that of wild-type (WT) CALB, whereas the retention rate of hydrolytic enzymatic activity was 2.23 times that of WT CALB. In this study, a non-methanol-induced Pichia pastoris expression system was successfully designed and constructed; a non-methanol-induced CALB-producing strain, X33-pGAPZ(Mα) A-CalB-Q231F, with high thermal stability and a high expression level was obtained, which can be used for the development of industrial enzymes.
Treatment of Shale Gas Flowback Wastewater by Electroflocculation Combined with Peroxymonosulfate
Authors: Liang Yuanjie , Li Xia , Feng Qi , El-Din Mohamed Gamal , Chelme-Ayala Pamela , Xu Longjun
Published: December 2024

In this study, potassium peroxymonosulfate was added to an electrolytic cell with an iron anode to achieve the dual flocculation and sulfate-radical-driven oxidative degradation of organic matter in shale gas flowback wastewater. The effects of current density, solution pH, and potassium peroxymonosulfate concentration on organic matter degradation were investigated. The results showed that chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal reached 93.4% at a current density of 40 mA/cm2, pH 7, and a potassium peroxymonosulfate concentration of 1500 mg/L, surpassing the efficiency of single electroflocculation (82.4%). The characterization of the coupled electroflocculation and peroxymonosulfate system confirmed the production of sulfate radicals and identified Fe2O3 as the primary final product in the treated wastewater. The introduction of sulfate significantly enhanced organic matter degradation, accelerated the reaction rate and improved the overall efficiency of the treatment process. This study offers valuable insights into the chemical synergistic treatment approach and its potential applications in organic wastewater treatment.
Production of Ligninolytic and Cellulolytic Fungal Enzymes for Agro-Industrial Waste Valorization: Trends and Applicability
Authors: Pérez-Contreras Serafín , Avalos-de la Cruz Dora A. , Lizardi-Jiménez Manuel A. , Herrera-Corredor José A. , Baltazar-Bernal Obdulia , Hernández-Martínez Ricardo
Published: December 2024

Cellulolytic and ligninolytic enzymes play a vital role in biomass valorization as they can hydrolyze cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, enabling eco-friendly carbohydrate utilization. This study aimed to analyze research on the production of cellulolytic and ligninolytic enzymes using fungal strains. In this review, scientific articles were searched using keywords related to cellulolytic and ligninolytic enzymes and the utilization of agro-industrial waste. Priority was given to information from peer-reviewed articles published between 2020 and 2024. The primary findings highlight the high costs associated with enzyme production, which can be partly reduced by employing low-cost carbon sources like lignocellulosic biomass. Optimization processes were also identified as critical to enhancing efficiency by reducing fermentation times, lowering energy demands for temperature control, and minimizing the use of salts or other additives in the culture medium. Researchers have approached these optimizations using traditional one-factor-at-a-time methods and statistical tools such as response surface methodologies, suggesting practical routes to improve process sustainability.
Recent Progress on the Production of Liquid Fuel 2,5-Dimethylfuran via Chemoselective Hydrogenolysis Biomass-Derived 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: He Jiadai , Peng Jiayi , Ling Renhui , Wang Jianjian
Published: December 2024

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is regarded as an important representative of biomass-derived platform chemicals due to its multiple functional groups, including a hydroxyl group, aldehyde group, and furan ring within its molecular structure. Chemoselective hydrogenolysis of HMF to produce high-value-added liquid fuel 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) has emerged as a prominent area of research nowadays. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in catalyst design for efficient DMF production from HMF, with a primary focus on elucidating the key factors influencing the hydrogenolysis reaction. This encompasses an extensive range of catalyst types and reaction conditions. Furthermore, the reaction mechanisms over the active sites of various catalysts are analyzed in depth. Drawing upon the comprehensive summary of existing research, this review discusses the future research prospects of the catalytic hydrogenolysis of HMF and provides valuable insights for the efficient conversion of biomass resources.