bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Підхід до побудови багатопозиційної системи місцевизначення джерел радіовипромінювання
Authors: Гаценко Сергій , Сапожников Костянтин , Сташко Віталій , Сейфетдінов Єфім
Published: December 2021

Умови вирішення завдання побудови надійної системи моніторингу вимагає вирішення важливого завдання місцевизначення джерел радіовипромінювань. Серед різноманіття методів визначення координат джерела радіовипромінювання (ДРВ) діапазону коротких хвиль (КХ) найбільш широке застосування знайшов тріангуляційний (кутомірний) метод. Його реалізація вимагає наявності не менше двох приймачів-пеленгаторів, рознесених на відстань, визначену як база пеленгування, з точною взаємною тимчасовою синхронізацією при електромагнітній доступності об'єкта пеленгування одночасно для всіх постів. Постійне виконання цих умов у КХ діапазоні ускладнено з огляду на те, що характеристики поширення радіохвиль істотно залежать від профілю та електрофізичних параметрів радіотрас і схильні до сезонних і добових флуктуацій концентрації заряджених частинок у шарах іоносфери. При порушенні умов доступності або відсутності тимчасової синхронізації в системі визначення місцезнаходження єдиним доступним для вимірювання параметром стає направлення на ДРВ з одного пеленгаторного посту, що виключає можливість тріангуляційної оцінки координат.
Для усунення зазначеного недоліку у статті проведено аналіз умов іоносферного поширення радіохвиль та виявлено основні фактори, що впливають на порушення електромагнітної доступності джерел радіовипромінювання для приймачів-пеленгаторів тріангуляційної системи визначення місцезнаходження в діапазоні коротких хвиль. Представлений спосіб оцінки координат випромінювачів за вимірами амплітуд їх сигналів системою програмно-керованих приймачів, розміщених у зонах електромагнітної доступності. Отримано оцінки зміни областей розташування об'єктів при спільній оцінці амплітуд сигналів у багатопозиційній системі приймачів-вимірювачів та напрямів їх приходу віддаленими пеленгаторами.
Використання можливостей засобів імітаційного моделювання бойових дій у ході практичної підготовки органів військового управління
Authors: Заїка Людмила , Лавринчук Олександр , Крайнов Валерій
Published: December 2021

Сучасні тенденції розвитку інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій, зокрема в середовищі засобів імітаційного моделювання військового призначення, світовий досвід їх використання в оперативній і бойовій підготовці військ створюють сприятливі умови для розвитку різних аспектів їх використання. У статті авторами розглянуто класифікацію таких засобів, обґрунтовано використання можливостей засобів імітаційного моделювання бойових дій щодо розвитку інтелектуальних, емоційно-вольових якостей військовослужбовців в умовах навчально-бойової обстановки для підвищення рівня їх навченості.
Ґрунтуючись на результатах проведених досліджень, досвіді використання сучасного засобу імітаційного моделювання бойових дій  JCATS (Joint Conflict and Tactical Simulation) у ЗС України протягом останніх років, авторами досліджено шляхи використання результатів моделювання для оцінювання практичної складової навченості органів військового управління вже на одному із етапів підготовки органів управління бригад під час командно-штабних навчань базового етапу бойової підготовки Сухопутних військ ЗС України.  Керуючись зазначеними  методиками проведення оцінювання та отриманими у ході імітаційного моделювання на JCATS результатами (кількісними, результатами спостереження посередників, експертів тощо) автори розглядають можливість отримання кількісної оцінки рівня навченості органу військового управління.
Hrómundur in prose and verse: On the relationships between four versions of the story of Hrómundur Greipsson
Authors: Kapitan Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

The present study examines the transmission history of the story of Hrómundur Gr(e)ipsson in Icelandic. Its focus lies in the investigation of textual relationships between four works dealing with the story of Hrómundur: two in metric from, Griplur and Hrómundar rímur Greipssonar (RHG), and two in prose, the seventeenth-century saga (17HsG) and the younger, hitherto unknown saga, possibly originating in the nineteenth-century (19HsG). The study concludes that the saga-writer of 19HsG most likely utilised both Griplur and the older saga to create a coherent story of Hrómundur. Alternatively, they based their adaptation on a now lost intermediate version of the story that already merged the accounts of the rímur and the saga, as elements from both older adaptations can be found in the younger saga. Furthermore, the study concludes that the younger set of rímur (RHG) are derived from the printed edition of the seventeenth-century saga, as the editorial error of C.C. Rask, the saga’s editor, appears in the poem.
Lingkungan Pengendapan Formasi Tanjung di Lintasan Gunungbatu, Binuang, Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Faturrakhman Muhammad Luthfi , Jamal Jamal , Maryanto Sigit , P. Rattyananda Nela
Published: December 2021

Pengkajian aspek lingkungan pengendapan terhadap batuan sedimen klastika penyusun Formasi Tanjung di Gunungbatu menarik karena batuan tersingkap baik di lokasi ini. Batuan ini tersingkap di tebing dan selokan jalan, perlapisan batuan miring sedang hingga curam ke arah barat-baratlaut, tebal lapisan terukur mencapai 160 m. Batuan yang dijumpai di lintasan ini secara umum berupa batupasir yang berselingan dengan batulempung, dan sisipan batubara. Batuan pada awalnya merupakan hasil endapan sungai, khususnya wilayah limpasan. Lingkungan pengendapan berkembang menjadi wilayah limpah banjir, khususnya di cekungan banjir yang sering terganggu akibat banjir. Selanjutnya, lingkungan pengendapan batuan lebih menuju ke laut, meskipun masih berada di lingkungan fluvial hingga daerah rawa pada dataran delta, dengan pengaruh laut. Batuan sumber formasi ini terangkut dan terendapkan di cekungan pengendapan di bagian timur-tenggara.Katakunci: Formasi Tanjung, klastika, limpah banjir, rawa, sedimentologi.
Potensi Geologi Daerah Banten dan Sekitarnya Berdasarkan Analisis Data Anomali Gayaberat
Authors: Ervan M , Subagio Subagio
Published: December 2021

Potensi geologi daerah Banten dan sekitarnya dianalisis berdasarkan interpretasi anomali gayaberat, baik potensi positif (sumberdaya mineral) maupun potensi negatif (kebencanaan geologi). Data anomali gayaberat yang digunakan untuk analisis potensi tersebut berupa anomali Bouguer dan anomali sisa. Kedua pola anomali ini di beberapa lokasi mempunyai hubungan langsung yang dapat dianalisis keterikatannya, sehingga memberikan pemahaman tentang hubungan struktur geologinya. Beberapa contoh, seperti Cekungan Jakarta dan Cekungan Ujung Kulon (merupakan bagian dari potensi geologi yang positif) dapat dianalisis dari kedua anomali di atas. Contoh lainnya adalah struktur geologi sesar geser (merupakan bagian dari potensi geologi negatif) berarah hampir baratlaut-tenggara. Sesar ini dapat diamati dari pola anomali Bouguer dan pola anomali sisa. Oleh sebab itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa struktur geologi yang membentuk fenomena tersebut merupakan struktur dalam yang menerus hingga ke permukaanKatakunci: Anomali gayaberat, Cekungan Jakarta, Cekungan Ujung Kulon,Â  potensi negatif, potensi positif,Â Â  sesar geser.
Marking strategies of attributive possession in Selkup
Authors: Budzisch Josefina
Published: December 2021

This paper deals with attributive possession in North, Central and South Selkup and focuses on a quantitative analysis of the frequency with which marking strategies are used in Selkup dialects. In Selkup, attributive possession can be head marked (with a possessive suffix), dependent marked (with genitive or adessive marking), and double marked (both combined), but close study shows that while dependent marking with genitive is most commonly used for lexical possessors, for non-lexical possessors the most common usage is head marking with a possessive suffix. The paper also illustrates the usage of different types of possession (e.g. inalienable/alienable) and shows that they are rarely treated differently with regard to their marking.
İNGİLİZ VATANDAŞLARININ TÜRKİYE’YE YÖNELİK TAZMİNAT TALEPLERİ HAKKINDA İNGİLTERE LORDLAR KAMARASI’NDA YAPILAN OTURUM ÜZERİNE DEĞERLENDİRMELER
Authors: YÜKSEL Çağdaş
Published: December 2021

Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun güç kaybetmesi Batı devletlerinin Osmanlı topraklarına göz dikmelerine yol açmıştır. Osmanlı topraklarının paylaşımı konusunda emperyalist devletler arasında büyük bir mücadele yaşanmış ve böylece Şark Meselesi ortaya çıkmıştır. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun Birinci Dünya Savaşı’na girmesi İngiltere, Fransa ve Rusya’nın gizli antlaşmalarla Osmanlı topraklarını paylaşmalarına yol açmıştır. Daha sona bu paylaşım planlarına İtalya’da dahil olmuştur. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda yenilmesi paylaşım planlarının hayata geçirilmesine imkan tanımıştır. İtilaf Devletleri Birinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında imzalanan Sevr Antlaşması ile Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun topraklarını paylaşmışlardır. Bu antlaşma ile Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’na pek çok sınırlama getirilmiş ve ağır bir tazminat da yüklenmiştir. Kapitülasyonlar ile Osmanlı ekonomisi denetim altına alınmış ve böylece Türklerin kendilerini toparlamalarının önüne geçilmek istenmiştir. Fakat Mustafa Kemal Paşa liderliğinde Anadolu’da başlayan Milli Mücadele Sevr Antlaşması’nın hayata geçirilmesine olanak tanımamıştır. Milli Mücadele’nin zaferi sonrasında İtilaf Devletleri ile Türkiye arasında yeniden barışı tesis etmek için Lozan Antlaşması imzalanmıştır. Lozan Antlaşması’nda Sevr Antlaşması’nın pek çok hükmünün ortadan kaldırılması İtilaf Devletleri kamuoyunda çeşitli tartışmalara yol açmıştır. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’ndan alınması planlanan tazminattan vazgeçilmesi İngiltere’de siyaset gündemini oldukça meşgul etmiştir. Tazminat meselesi için Lordlar Kamarası’nda bir oturum yapılmış ve İngiliz Hükümeti’ne pek çok eleştiri yöneltilmiştir. Bu oturumda bazı politikacılar Birinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun İngiliz vatandaşlarını zarara uğrattığını savunmuşlardır. Savaş sonrası yapılan barış antlaşmalarında tazminat maddeleri olduğunu ileri sürerek Lozan Antlaşması’nda tazminat hükmü olmamasını eleştirmişlerdir. Lordlar Kamarası’ndaki oturumda İngiliz Hükümeti zarara uğrayan İngiliz vatandaşlarının haklarını savunamamakla suçlanmıştır.
Development of cooperation in Belarus and formation of personnel potential of the Belarusian State University in the 1920s
Authors: Khodzin Siarhei M.
Published: December 2021

The relevance of the problems of cooperative construction in the formation of Belarusian scientific schools is determined. The role of the Belarusian State University in the development of problems of cooperation in the 1920s is characterised. The activity of S. L. Pevsner as a representative of the economic thought of the 1920s is studied. In the perspective of «history through personality», the problems of the formation of the personnel potential of Belarusian State University are revealed. The relations between the management and the teaching staff of the university, the status and issues of material well-being of teachers invited to Belarusian State University are characterised. The conclusion is made about a significant personnel shortage and the presence of serious competition in the personnel sphere of university science in the 1920s with the development of higher education in the USSR.
Clinical importance of determination of procalcitonin in diagnosis of sepsis
Authors: Bayramova S. S. , Tsygankova O. V. , Nikolayev K. Yu. , Tuzovskaya O. V.
Published: December 2021

The review presents an assessment of the dynamics of the change in procalcitonin as the main marker of bacterial inflammation in patients with the syndrome of systemic inflammatory reaction, sepsis and septic shock, clarification of the practical and predictive significance of PCT in patients with an identified and not identified focus of infection.
Significance of gram-resistant flora in etiology of nosocomial infections in determining rational antibiotic therapy
Authors: Ermilin A. E. , Teplova N. V. , Postnikov S. S. , Kostyleva M. N. , Gratzhianskaya A. N. , Tatarinov P. A.
Published: December 2021

In recent years, the problem of resistance of gram-negative microorganisms to carbapenems, as well as the emergence of multiresistant strains is gaining urgency. This problem is of particular importance in neonatal practice due to the age limitations of the use of many antibiotics and the lack of specific recommendations. Local bacteriological monitoring data should be taken into account when selecting a starting antibiotic, and for this purpose, methods of rapid identification of the pathogen and its resistance mechanisms should be introduced. Pediatricians need controlled trials of new antibiotics to successfully treat MDR-Gram-infections.
Comparative assessment of risk of development of purulent septic infections in children after open and closed cardiac operations for congenital diseases
Authors: Kudryavtseva L. G. , Lazarkov P. V. , Sergevnin V. I.
Published: December 2021

Purpose of the study. Comparative assessment of the incidence of nosocomial purulent-septic infections (PSI) in children after open and closed heart surgery for congenital defects.Materials and methods. 503 medical records of children after cardiac surgery were studied. GSI was identified according to epidemiological standard case definitions.Results. It turned out that the incidence rate of PSI in children after open heart surgery is an order of magnitude higher than after minimally invasive endovascular interventions. Hospital-acquired pneumonia most often occurs in children after operations.Conclusion. The increased incidence of PSI after open heart surgery, as compared to endovascular surgery, is due to a longer surgical intervention and the subsequent longer stay of patients in the intensive care unit, where such an epidemiologically significant procedure as artificial lung ventilation is performed.
Influence of combined use of gas-liquid peeling and PDT on quality of life of patients with visible signs of involutive skin changes
Authors: Surkichin S. I. , Kholupova L. S.
Published: December 2021

Objective of the study. To develop a questionnaire to determine the quality of life of a patient with visible signs of involutive skin changes. To determine the effect of the combined use of gas-liquid peeling and PDT on the quality of life of patients with visible signs of involutive skin changes.

Materials and methods. The study involved 50 patients aged 35 to 45 years. The state of the emotional sphere was assessed before and after the course of treatment using the following methods: a scale for assessing discomfort; ‘The Scale of States’ methodology by А. B. Leonova, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Dermatological Life Quality Index (DLQI). The condition was assessed before and after treatment (gas-liquid peeling and photodynamic therapy).

Results. The use of the questionnaire developed by us made it possible to determine the index for assessing the quality of life in persons with agerelated skin changes and to reveal the influence of the latter on the emotional sphere and behavior of the respondents. A clear positive trend was observed when comparing indicators of discomfort, anxiety, depression, quality of life. The data obtained make it possible to recommend an assessment of the dermatological index of the quality of life in patients with age-related skin changes as a criterion for the effectiveness of the therapy, and also focus on the need for further study and correction of factors that cause deterioration in life in this category of women.
Balanoposthitis: issues of classification, diagnosis and approaches to therapy
Authors: Ignatovsky A. V.
Published: December 2021

Objective. To present a variant of the modern classification of the processes occurring with lesions of the genitals, to draw specialists’ attention to the peculiarities and variety of causes leading to inflammation of the glans and foreskin, as well as to discuss topical issues of external therapy of balanopostitis.

Material and methods. Data from modern studies and clinical guidelines were used in the preparation of the publication.

Results. The variety of variants of lesions of the glans and foreskin can be due to a number of reasons and can be either an independent local process or a fragment of dermatosis, where it is possible to be affected in the form of balanoposthitis. Also, when examining and selecting therapy options, it is important to consider the possible role of microorganisms, whose spectrum as a cause of balanoposthitis varies from aerobic and anaerobic, to viral and fungal microflora. Treatment approaches are determined by the etiological factors.

Conclusions. Balanoposthitis is a heterogeneous group of nosologies. The choice of treatment is based on the identified cause or empirically when possible. External therapy and hygiene constitute an essential part of treatment. When choosing drugs for topical glucocorticosteroids, preferenceshould be given to drugs with a high therapeutic index and low atrophogenic potential. Dysplastic processes of the penis are associated with human papillomavirus infection, the treatment of which can be both conservative and destructive.
Finding at dermatologist’s appointment: linear porokeratosis
Authors: Manturova N. E. , Rodina A. L.
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the epidemiology, pathomorphological picture, trigger factors of development, clinical manifestations and forms, diagnosis, and peculiarities of treatment of linear porokeratosis. A clinical case is presented.

Purpose of the article. To consider the clinical manifestations and peculiarities of the course of porokeratosis, paying special attention to linear porokeratosis and its management tactics.

Material and methods. The article presents a clinical case of linear porokeratosis. The analysis of medical records was carried out. The forms of porokeratosis, clinical manifestations, peculiarities of diagnosis and approaches to the treatment of porokeratosis in modern conditions are considered.

Results. This clinical case demonstrates the difficulty of making a diagnosis of linear porokeratosis. The diagnosis was made based on the results of histological examination of biopsy material. A tactic for the management of the patient was developed.

Conclusions. Porokeratosis is a rare skin disease with a wide range of clinical variants, which is important for clinicians to know in order to make a correct diagnosis and avoid errors in diagnosis. The clinical manifestations of the disease are varied, with localized, disseminated, and rash forms.
Budist Sanatta ve İkonografide Buda’nın Temel Mudraları ve Fiziksel Özellikleri
Authors: Gül Ali
Published: December 2021

İkonografik ögeler sanat tarihinin olduğu kadar dinler tarihinin de önemli kaynaklarındandır. Bu eserlerden dinî şahıslara, öğretilere ve anlatılara dair geniş malumat elde edilebilir. Üzerinde çalışacağımız Budizm ikonografi yönünden son derece zengin bir dinî gelenektir. Antik Hint sanatı üzerine bina edilen, Pers ve Grek sanatından etkilenen ve yayıldığı toprakların kültürel rengini bünyesine katan Budist sanat, tarih boyunca çok zengin ikonografik eserler üretmiştir. Budist ikonografinin temel unsuru Buda’dır. Buda’nın şahsı, yaşamı ve öğretisi bu eserlerde Budist sanatçılar tarafından tasvir edilmiştir. Bu tasvirler içinde öne çıkan bir husus ise mudra adı verilen el jestleridir. Bedenin genel duruşu da dikkate alınarak değerlendirilen mudralar Buda ve Budist gelenek açısından çok kıymetli bilgiler ortaya koyar. Elinizdeki makale görsel ögeler eşliğinde temel mudralar, bunların anlamı ve önemi ile Budist sanatta Buda’nın öne çıkan kimi fiziksel özellikleri üzerinde duracak, Budist ikonografinin Budist geleneği ve öğretiyi aktarmadaki önemini ortaya koymaya çalışacaktır. Bunu yaparken çalışmada Budist sanat ve ikonografi, sanat tarihi yaklaşımı ile değil, dinler tarihi bakış açısı ile ele alınacaktır.
Board Oversight and Financial Performance of Islamic Banks in Arab and Non-Arab Countries
Authors: Yousuf Ali Badshah  , Abdullah  , Muhammad Arsalan Hashmi  , Muhammad Hashim Shah
Published: December 2021

This study analyzes the impact of corporate governance (CG) practices and Shariah Supervisory Board (SSB) on the financial performance of Islamic banks (IB). A sample of 20 Islamic banks from Arab and Non-Arab countries i.e. Bahrain, Kuwait, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Pakistan and Malaysia were used. A CG-index was adopted from the literature which comprises of three sub-indices including Board of Directors (BOD), Audit Committee (AC) and Shariah Supervisory Board (SSB). The dataset covers the period from 2012 to 2018. The panel data regression technique was used for data analysis. The descriptive statistics suggest that the average score for CG-index is 76% which indicates that Islamic banks reasonably adhere to CG regulations. The panel regression results suggest an insignificant relationship between (1) CG and IB’s financial performance and (2) BOD and IB’s financial performance. These findings are consistent with earlier studies conducted on Arab countries. Moreover, the results also suggest that SSB and AC contribute positively towards asset performance but negatively towards equity performance. Policymakers should revisit the CG regulations in their countries to make them more influential towards the performance of Islamic banks.
Loneliness, Coping Strategies and Perceived Social Support among Students of Public Universities in Malaysia during the Covid-19 MCO
Authors: Siti Haslina Hussin  , Awang Ideris Awang Daud  , Malia Taibi  , Siti Rahayu Hussin
Published: December 2021

The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic had prompted many governments to enforce lockdown to prevent the virus from spreading. In Malaysia, a series of Movement Control Orders (MCO) were introduced starting March 18, 2020. As a result, many people’s lives were affected, including university students. These affected students had to stay in their campus residential facilities, isolated from family, relatives and friends, which could lead to the feeling of loneliness. This study aims to explore the phenomenon among students stranded on campus during MCO periods. Approximately 243 students from several public universities were surveyed using Google form. Results from the 210 usable responses showed that most of these students experienced moderate loneliness and often used coping approaches like acceptance, positive interpretation, active coping, and active solitude. Friends seemed to be a more immediate source to seek for support in times of isolation. Correlation results suggested that social support availability is negatively associated with student loneliness experience, and positively related with student coping strategies. Specifically, the availability of support from friends and significant others may minimize loneliness experience.
How Has the Indonesian Stock Market Performed During Covid-19 Outbreaks?
Authors: Doddy Setiawan  , Taufiq Arifin  , Y Anni Aryani  , Josephine Tan-Hwang Yau
Published: December 2021

This paper analyzes the stock market reaction towards the Covid-19 pandemic by using a sample of Indonesian listed firms. In general, we document a significant negative cumulative abnormal returns when the Indonesian President announces the first case of Covid-19 in Indonesia. This effect remains ten days (weaker) after the announcement. However, we only find a short-term effect on the finance industry. While the explanation is still unclear, the investors may observe that the economic impact on the finance industry may arise in the long-run.
Customer Engagement and Loyalty Issues in Omnichannel Fast-Food Industry
Authors: Ing @ Grace Phang  , Jing-En Ng  , Kim-Shyan Fam
Published: December 2021

Building on Social Exchange Theory and Congruity Theory, this study aims to examine the relationships between channel integration quality (i.e., channel-service configuration and integrated interaction) and congruity (i.e., self-brand image congruity and value congruity) towards customer engagement; as well as the impacts of customer engagement on customer behavioural loyalty (i.e., repurchase intention and positive WoM). Adopting convenience and snow-ball sampling methods, a total of 151 valid questionnaires were collected and analysed using SPSS 25 and SmartPLS 3.0 software. Congruity aspects play significant roles in influencing customer engagement, while channel integration qualities do not. This result could be attributed to the unique characteristics of the fast-food products and Malaysian fast-food consumers. Importantly, customer engagement influences both transactional (i.e., repurchase intention) and emotional (i.e., intention to spread positive word of mouth) loyalty positively. The findings provide useful insights to both academicians and practitioners to plan for different omnichannel strategy in the effort to increase customer engagement and desired post purchase behaviours.
Loss of Employment, Lockdown Measures and Government Responses in Malaysia during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Note
Authors: Muzafar Shah Habibullah  , Mohd Yusof Saari  , Sugiharso Safuan  , Badariah Haji Din  , Anuar Shah Bali Mahomed
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we use daily administrative data from January 25, 2020 to December 31, 2020 to examine the relationship between job losses and the Malaysian lockdown measures. The Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach is used to estimate both the long-run and short-run models. The results of the Bounds F-test for cointegration reveal that there is a long-run link between job losses and the Malaysian government lockdown measures (both linear and non-linear). The positive association between job loss and lockdown measures shows that as the lockdown gets tighter, more people will lose their jobs. However, as time passes, especially in conjunction with the government stimulus package programmes, job losses decrease.
Study on Prevention and Solution of Ransomware Attack
Authors: Tiu Yan Lin , Zolkipli Mohamad Fadli
Published: December 2021

The development of science and technology in this era brought many advantages for peoples, organizations, enterprises, and companies merely a lot of cyber threats are occurring nowadays. Ransomware is one of the families of malicious software that spread quickly and cause a critical impact around the world. Ransomware attacks the victim by infecting the malicious file into the device; they will encrypt and deny the victim to access it. A ransom demand message will prompt the user so that they will gain the money anonymously. The victims are only allowed to access after pay the demand using crypto-currencies such as Bitcoin. There is a lot of reason that cause the ransomware attack around the world, for example, the vulnerability of the system. Otherwise, the weaknesses of security knowledge also become one of the causes. However, many preventions allow the user to avoid the ransomware propagate but the system is not fully free from the ransomware attack. Thus, a lot of solutions are giving out by the researcher to overcome the problem after the attack.
TECHNOLOGIES OF PREVENTION OF LOSSES (EMISSIONS) OF HYDROCARBONS FROM FUEL TANKS OF VEHICLES
Authors:   National Aviation University, Kyiv, Ukraine, S Boichenko S , A Yakovlieva ,   National Aviation University, Kyiv, Ukraine, N Kalmykova ,   National Aviation University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

This article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of existing technologies and methods to prevent hydrocarbon losses from fuel tanks, taking into account the study of the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies that affect the effectiveness of emission prevention. The aim of the work is to identify the best technologies, systems, trends, features of capture and prevention of hydrocarbon losses from fuel tanks. The main causes of fuel losses from car fuel tanks are considered. Losses of hydrocarbons from fuel tanks due to large and small "breaths" are described. The physical properties of gasoline that characterize its evaporation and evaporation ability are described. The largest sources of emissions in the form of evaporation from vehicles are listed. Three separate mechanisms related to losses through the breathing valve of the fuel tank and fuel leakage are considered. Qualitative characteristics of the fuel-air mixture that evaporates from car tanks and emissions of pollutants during refueling of car fuel tanks are given. The causes, sources, consequences of fuel losses from car fuel tanks are considered and summarized in the figure. Also, the modern means of capturing hydrocarbon vapor from the fuel tanks of cars, which are relevant today, are summarized in the table. Based on a comprehensive situational analysis of current technologies and methods to prevent loss of hydrocarbons from fuel tanks, taking into account the study of the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies, we have identified the best technologies to prevent losses from large and small breaths. KEY WORDS: FUEL TANKS, PETROL, LOSSES, EMISSIONS, ANALYSIS, LOSS PREVENTION TECHNOLOGIES.
EFFECT OF ALCOHOL ADDITIVE TO GASOLINE ON EMISSIONS OF POLLUTANTS WITH THE EXHAUST GAS OF SPARK IGNITION ENGINE
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, O Dobrovolsky , M Tsiuman ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, N Stupak ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, S Sosida ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

The constant increasing the number of motor vehicles leads to increase the fuel consumption. Because of oil reserves are exhaustive, the problem of replacing the petroleum fuel with alternative ones is actual. One of which is alcohol fuel. At present, the shortage of motor fuels for internal combustion engines requires their improvment in order to reduce fuel consumption and use the alcohol and various its blends with conventional petroleum-based fuels. The pollutant emissions from motor vehicles are more than a third part of the total emissions to atmosphere and more than 90% of all mobile sources. In addition, motor vehicles are the main source of environmental pollution precisely in places with high concentration of people. It enhances significantly the negative impact of motor transport. In the article it is considered the impact of alcohol additive in standard gasoline on the mass emissions of harmful substances by modern petrol engine equipped with fuel injection system with feedback. The study of using the alcohol and gasoline fuel blends with different content of the alcohol in range from 0 to 36% has been fulfilled. Dependence of load influence on the mass emissions of pollutants is found. Oxygen concentration in fuel are increased when using the alcohols. It contributes to more complete combustion of the fuel and reduction the mass emissions of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The disadvantages of the alcohol and gasoline fuel blends include less net calorific value than for conventional gasoline and increased emissions of nitrogen oxides due to free oxygen presence. The mass emissions of harmful substances equivalent to carbon monoxide G∑CO have been slightly increased when using the alcohol and gasoline fuel blends. It is explained by increasing the nitrogen oxides emissions. Objective: To determine the effect of alcohol content in blended fuel for mass emissions of pollutants. Object: environmental performance of spark ignition engine powered by the alcohol and gasoline fuel blends. Subject: determination of expedient alcohol content in the fuel to improve environmental performance of spark ignition engine. The conclusions have been made and the obtained results have been analyzed for further experimental and theoretical studies. KEYWORDS: GASOLINE, ALCOHOL, BLENDED FUEL, EXHAUST GAS, POLLUTANTS, MASS EMISSIONS.
WAYS TO INCREASE THE PRODUCTIVITY IN CONTINUOUSLY OPERATING TRENCHING EXCAVATORS
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, V Musiiko , A Koval ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, D Patsora ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

The article considers and reasons the ways and possibilities to create the highly efficient constructions of trenching excavators that dig trenches of the defined profile by means of using bucketless rotors as soil excavating implements together with design of the discharge assembly improved construction. Study objective: to create a bucketless highly efficient rotary implement of the trenching excavator with two-stage discharge. Study object: continuously operation earthmoving machines. Research technique – analytical-experimental. One of the most important problems for the machine-building industry of Ukraine is the efficiency improvement of machines created in the country. Solving of this problem is required due to necessity to perform the increasing amount of earthworks in building and construction works. The cheapest way to perform lengthy soil excavations is to excavate them with trenching excavators. Increasing of their productivity is the one of the main directions to improve the efficiency of the earthworks mechanization. Increasing the efficiency of trenching excavators is possible by means bucketless rotary implement usage and by improving of the rotary discharge process. The study justifies and proves the scientific hypothesis about the possibility to use the force of the soil flow header pressure create by the soil that is being transported from the excavation for the bucketless rotary implements discharge. This allows by means of two-stage discharge of the implement to ensure the full clean-up and to improve the productivity of the soil excavation. The study analytically justifies the requirements for the main construction parameters of the bucketless rotor. Based on the obtained results the technical proposal is created for highly efficient construction of the bucketless rotary implement of the trenching excavator with two-stage discharge. KEYWORDS: BUCKETLESS ROTOR, SOIL, TWO-STAGE, DISCHARGE, DISCHARGE ASSEMBLY, TRENCH DIGGER
ANALYSIS OF REPEATABILITY OF TECHNICAL TESTS OF VEHICLE WITH TOTAL WEIGHT UP TO 3.5 TONNES
Authors:   Rzeszow University of Technology, Rzeszow, Poland, A KRZEMIŃSKI , P SZYMCZUK ,   Rzeszow University of Technology, Rzeszow, Poland
Published: December 2021

Vehicles are subject to mandatory periodic technical inspection. In the case of new vehicles, the first technical inspection is carried out three years after the date of production, and the next one after two years. Further checks are carried out annually. Technical inspection is used to check the technical condition of the vehicle, to identify defects that may threaten road safety. Vehicle technical tests are divided into periodic tests and additional studies. Periodic technical inspection consists in checking the correct operation of individual components and systems of the vehicle. During a periodic inspection, the diagnostician checks the compliance of the actual vehicle data with those stored in the registration certificate and checks the technical condition of the vehicle. An additional inspection of the vehicle is carried out after making changes to the design or replacing the elements permitted by law that change the data contained in the registration certificate. An additional test may also be carried out when a vehicle is sent for technical inspection by a traffic authority as a result of suspicion that it poses a threat to road safety or violates environmental requirements. The article discusses the selected elements of the diagnostic line, the results of which were compared with each other. The studies were carried out at four diagnostic stations. For the tests, a front-wheel drive vehicle with a total weight of up to 1510 kg was used. Analyzed are the average measurement results obtained by monitoring the lateral input of the wheel, testing the effectiveness of shock absorbers and braking. After analyzing all the differences in the test results, we can conclude that the repeatability of measurements remains between different diagnostic lines. Moreover, the same vehicle malfunctions were found at all stations. KEYWORDS: TECHNICAL OVERVIEW, PERIODICALLY TEST, ADDITIONAL OVERVIEW, DIAGNOSTIC LINE, MEASUREMENT REPEATABILITY.
WAYS TO IMPROVE OF THE COMBINED METHOD POWER REGULATION OF A SPARK
Authors:   Enterprise “State Road Transport Research Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine, S Rychok
Published: December 2021

The article considers the problem of spark ignition engines low efficiency in low-load and idling modes, as well as one of the ways to solve it by improving the combined method of power control. The object of research is the influence of the power control method of spark ignition engine on fuel efficiency. The purpose of research is to improve the combined method of power control of a spark ignition engine. As a result of familiarization with the previous works which were conducted in this direction, it is established that by deactivating a group of cylinder when engine is idling or at low loads a fuel economy is improving. However, previous works has not considered a possibility of performance improving of engine with electronic control system by filling the deactivated cylinders with exhaust gases of working cylinders, heated air, or a mixture of exhaust gases and air. KEY WORDS: CYLINDER DISCONNECTION, FUEL ECONOMY, POWER ADJUSTMENT.
Preliminary Findings of the Distribution of Alpha-2-Adrenergic Receptor (ADRA2A) rs1800544 Polymorphisms in Kickboxing Players
Authors: EKEN Başak Funda , SAVCİ Ayşe Aysun , POLAT Tolga , YILMAZ Özlem Özge , ŞILAR Çisem , TACAL ASLAN Beste , OKTAY Şehkar , ULUCAN Korkut
Published: December 2021

Objective: Adrenergic receptors have a critical role in regulating neurotransmitter release from sympathetic nerves and adrenergic neurons in the central nervous system. The rs1800544 polymorphism in 3’-untranslated region of ADRA2A is caused by C-1291>G nucleotide change. In this study, we aimed to analyze the rs1800544 distribution in kickboxing players.

Methods: A total of 12 male players and 101 sedentary individuals (as a control group) participated in the study. Following DNA isolation, rs1800544 polymorphism of ADRA2A was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (Rt-PCR). Statistical analysis was carried out by chi-square test.

Results: CC, CG and GG genotypes and percentages for rs1800544 polymorphism were analyzed as 5 (41,7%), 4 (33,3%) and 3 (25%), respectively. C allele was counted as 14 (58,3%) and G allele as 10 (41,7%). In the control group CC, CG and GG were found as 34 (33,6%), 53 (52,5%), 14(13,9%), respectively. C allele was counted as 121 (60%) and G allele as 81 (40%). When we compare athletes and controls in the terms of genotypes, we detected no statistically significant difference (p>0,3940). For the allele comparison, we detected no significant difference between groups (p>0,0871).

Conclusion: Determination of gene combinations in Turkish athletes is of great importance for carrying out of these studies. Therefore, we aimed to determine the distribution of the alleles related with athletic performance on successful athletes. In our cohort, CC genotype was more frequently found, and C allele was also higher in players. We think that the effect of ADR2A2 gene on athletic performance might be determined more clearly by the fact that this study is an example of similar studies involving higher numbers of subjects.
Islamic Principles in Marketing: An Overview of Islamic Marketing mix in Social-Media Campaign
Authors: Syafril Syafwendi , Hadziq M. Fuad
Published: December 2021

The increasing number of internet users among Muslims worldwide has open opportunities for business players to develop Islamic marketing and get attention from them. Social media becomes a popular platform for the Muslim community to interact, communicate, and share regarding humanity, education, donation, and the Islamic lifestyle. This paper arranges to analyzes the Islamic marketing mix that must be existed in social media campaigns. The Islamic principles in marketing are the main key to determine whether businesses not only provide sharia-compliant products and services but also succeed to comminates it based on Islamic ethics and value. The library research was conducted in research methodology to review marketing theory and concept from an Islamic perspective. Findings. The analytical result shows that the integrated Islamic principles such as halalan tayyiban, anti-monopoly, gharar, speculation, excessive action, manipulative sales tactic, etc., should be eliminated in the marketing mix in social media campaigns. All that aims to ensure marketing activities run properly according to Shariah principles.
Preservation Method of Rumen Fluid Collected From Harvested Cattle Alters in vitro Digestibility of Reference Feedstuffs
Authors: Garcia Taylor J. , Cherry Nichole M. , Guay Kimberly A. , Brady Jeffrey A. , Muir James P. , Smith William B.
Published: December 2021

The objective of our experiment was to evaluate preservation and revitalization strategies for rumen inoculum anticipating research and veterinary applications. Rumen fluid samples were collected from 12 harvested cattle. Liquid samples were divided into five 500-mL aliquots which were randomly allocated to one of five treatments in a 2 × 2 + 1 augmented factorial design. Factors included preservation method [freezing (FZN) or lyophilization (LYO)] and preservative (glycerol; + or –). A fresh control (CON) was maintained from each sample. Feedstuffs used in this experiment were alfalfa hay, Coastal bermudagrass hay, cracked maize, rice bran, and soybean meal. Reference feedstuffs were subjected to batch culture in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) and in vitro NDF digestibility (IVNDFD) assays using inoculum from each of the five treatments. There was an effect (P < 0.05) of preservation method, preservative, and their interaction for both IVTD and IVNDFD of each of the five references feedstuffs. Freezing or lyophilization of rumen inoculum reduced (P < 0.05) IVTD and IVNDFD of reference feeds relative to the CON. Despite lower degradation of feeds when frozen or lyophilized rumen fluid was used rather than fresh, differences between them in IVTD and IVNDFD suggest that, in the absence of fresh inoculum, preserved rumen fluid may be a viable option for veterinary applications, such as transfaunation, but likely will not be viable for research applications.
Strategies for Articular Cartilage Repair and Regeneration
Authors: Liu Yanxi , Shah Karan M. , Luo Jian
Published: December 2021

Articular cartilage is an avascular tissue, with limited ability to repair and self-renew. Defects in articular cartilage can induce debilitating degenerative joint diseases such as osteoarthritis. Currently, clinical treatments have limited ability to repair, for they often result in the formation of mechanically inferior cartilage. In this review, we discuss the factors that affect cartilage homeostasis and function, and describe the emerging regenerative approaches that are informing the future treatment options.
IL-18-Mediated SLC7A5 Overexpression Enhances Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells via the c-MYC Pathway
Authors: Ni Feifei , Zhang Tao , Xiao Wanan , Dong Hong , Gao Jian , Liu YaFeng , Li Jianjun
Published: December 2021

Objective: To investigate the role of IL-18 in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs).

Methods: To assess whether IL-18 affects the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs through the c-MYC/SLC7A5 axis, IL-18 dose-response and time-course experiments were performed to evaluate its impact on osteogenic differentiation. To confirm osteogenic differentiation, alizarin red staining calcium measurement were performed. RT-qPCR and western blotting were used to determine the expression levels of bone-specific markers ALP, RUNX2, and BMP2, as well as those of SLC7A5 and c-MYC. Furthermore, SLC7A5 and c-MYC expression was evaluated via immunofluorescence. To elucidate the roles of SLC7A5 and c-MYC in osteoblast differentiation, cells were transfected with SLC7A5 or c-MYC siRNAs, or treated with the SLC7A5-specific inhibitor JPH203 and c-MYC-specific inhibitor 10058-F4, and the expression of SLC7A5, c-MYC, and bone-specific markers ALP, RUNX2, and BMP2 was assessed.

Results: Our results demonstrated that IL-18 increased calcium deposition in hBMSCs, and upregulated the expression of SLC7A5, c-MYC, ALP, RUNX2, and BMP2. Silencing of SLC7A5 or c-MYC using siRNA reduced the expression of ALP, RUNX2, and BMP2, while IL-18 treatment partially reversed the inhibitory effect of siRNA. Similar results were obtained by treating hBMSCs with SLC7A5 and c-MYC specific inhibitors, leading to significant reduction of the osteogenesis effect of IL-18 on hBMSCs.

Conclusion: In conclusion, our results indicate that IL-18 promotes the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs via the SLC7A5/c-MYC pathway and, therefore, may play an important role in fracture healing. These findings will provide new treatment strategies for delayed fracture healing after splenectomy.
DHOK Exerts Anti-Cancer Effect Through Autophagy Inhibition in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Shu Yuhan , Sun Xin , Ye Guiqin , Xu Mengting , Wu Zhipan , Wu Caixia , Li Shouxin , Tian Jingkui , Han Haote , Zhang Jianbin
Published: December 2021

DHOK (14,15β-dihydroxyklaineanone) is a novel diterpene isolated from roots of Eurycoma longifolia Jack, a traditional herb widely applied in Southeast Asia. It is reported that DHOK has cytotoxic effect on cancer cells, but its anti-cancer mechanism has still been not clear. In our study, we first observed that DHOK inhibits cell proliferation of colorectal cancer cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Next, we performed transcriptome sequencing to identify the targets of DHOK and found that autophagy-related signaling pathways are involved under DHOK treatment. Indeed, in DHOK-treated cells, the level of autophagosome marker LC3 and the formation of GFP-LC3 puncta were decreased, indicating the reduction of autophagy. Moreover, confocal microscopy results revealed the lysosomal activity and the formation of autolysosomes are also inhibited. Our western blotting results demonstrated the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway by DHOK, which may be attributed to the enhancement of ERK and AKT activity. Functionally, activation of autophagy attenuated DHOK-caused cell death, indicating that autophagy serves as cell survival. In xenograft mouse model, our results also showed that DHOK activates the mTOR signaling pathway, decreases autophagy level and inhibits the tumorigenesis of colon cancer. Taken together, we revealed the molecular mechanism of DHOK against cancer and our results also demonstrate great potential of DHOK in the treatment of colorectal cancer.