bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards a Service-Oriented Architecture for Knowledge Management in Big Data Era
Authors: Le Dinh Thang , Phan Thuong-Cang , Bui Trung , Vu Manh Chien
Published: August 2018

Nowadays, big data is a revolution that transforms conventional enterprises into data-driven organizations in which knowledge discovered from big data will be integrated into traditional knowledge to improve decision-making and to facilitate organizational learning. Consequently, a major concern is how to evolve current knowledge management systems, which are confronted with a various and unprecedented amount of data, resulting from different data sources. Therefore, a new generation of knowledge management systems is required for exploring and exploiting big data as well as for facilitating the knowledge co-creation between the society and its business environment to foster innovation. This article proposes a service-oriented architecture for elaborating a new generation of big data-driven knowledge management systems to help enterprises to promote knowledge co-creation and to obtain more business value from big data. The proposed architecture is presented based on the principles of design science research and its evaluation uses the analytical evaluation method.
Written Speech
Authors: Moen Pamela , Walters Kelley
Published: August 2018

Data collected within this qualitative, multiple-case study included teachers' knowledge building preferences for written speech in a virtual community of practice (VCoP), blended learning, teacher professional development program. This data was analyzed using the theoretical tenets of Vygotsky's social constructivist learning theory. Through heterogeneous sampling, six sites were selected from 11 program participating schools, with 11 participating teachers purposively selected from these sites. Following semi-structured participant interviews, data were coded and analyzed, where the findings indicated that participants preferred the audiovisual learning content to the written activity format in the blended learning, VCoP teacher professional development program. Program developers may use the research findings to guide the development of VCoP content alternatives to singularly text based online professional development delivery models. Recommendations for future research include studies that address the impact of audiovisual VCoP content on knowledge building.
Conceptual Model of Generic Learning Design to Teach Cultural Artifacts in Computing Education
Authors: Anohah Ebenezer , Suhonen Jarkko
Published: August 2018

Cultural heritage can provide interesting aspects to computing education. For instance, conceptual understanding of learners can be supported by exemplifying computing concepts with cultural practices. If we are, however, to adapt an indigenously relevant curriculum, then we need to model a learning space that aligns with learners' background in underrepresented communities. In this article, the authors explored indigenously relevant learning space for computing studies in the context of Ghana. Altogether forty-one (41) computing educators completed a questionnaire and twenty-two (22) educators were interviewed using a semi-structured interview method. The authors also propose a conceptual model for designing culturally enriched learning environments. The main components of the model are indigenous learning resources, scaffolds and learning activities. Finally, they discuss what should be taken into consideration when cultural artifacts are used in computing education.
The Tertiary Institutions and Entrepreneurship Development
Authors: Raimi Lukman , Ajiboshin Isaac O.
Published: August 2018

The entrepreneurship development programme (EDP) was introduced into the curricula of tertiary institutions for the purpose of nurturing a new set of undergraduate students with practical skills for self-employment. This article investigates the students' viewpoints on the outcomes of EDP on entrepreneurial mindset (EM), entrepreneurial intention (EI) and entrepreneurial capacities (EC) after undergoing entrepreneurship education courses. The method of investigation is the quantitative research approach leveraging on the survey as the strategy for data collection. From a population of 458 students in a school, a sample of 200 undergraduate students was randomly administered structured questionnaires. Using descriptive and inferential statistics, this article found that EDP has a significant influence on students' EM, EI, and EC. The article recommends interventions such as adequate funding, capacity-building for entrepreneurship lecturers, improved curriculum development and Town-Gown collaboration for the synergy of practice and theory.
Afrikaans uit en van Europa: Deel een van die storie van Afrikaans
Authors: Kirsten Johanita
Published: August 2018

No abstract available.
Kerkgeskiedenis & Ekumene/ Church History and Ecumenical Studies
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: August 2018

Brent A, 2007. Ignatius of Antioch: A martyr bishop and the origin of episcopacy. London: T & T Clark/Continuum. 180pp. Price: ₤55-00. ISBN: 978-0567-03200-3.Nel, R & Du Toit, H (reds.) 2007. Ons Pelgrimstog na Eenheid. Our Pilgrimage to Unity. Pretoria: UP Drukkery. Prys: R59-00. [Bestel by NG Kerk Sinode van Suid Transvaal. ABSA Bank Rekeningnommer: 4050306630. Faks depositostrokie met eie posadres en vermelding van “kerkhereniging” na 011-4033050.]Els, J 2008. Ligdans. Depressie-vegters se verhale van hoop. Wellington: Lux Verbi.BM. Pp. 224. Prys onbekend.
Book Reviews: Das Weihnachtsevangelium: Neu über-setzt und ausgelegt von Rudolf Pesch
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: August 2018

Das Weihnachtsevangelium: Neu über-setzt und ausgelegt von Rudolf Pesch by C StenschkeBibelkritik und Auslegung der Heiligen Schrift: Beiträge zur Geschichte der biblischen Exegese und Hermeneutik.by C StenschkeVon Jesus zum Neuen Testament: Studien zur urchristlichen Theologiegeschichte und zur Entstehung des neutestamentlichen Kanons. by C StenschkeDie Begegnung mit Christus im Armen by D P VeldsmanDOGMATIEK EN CHRISTELIKE ETIEK / DOGMATICS AND CHRISTIAN ETHICS by D P VeldsmanKERKGESKIEDENIS / CHURCH HISTORY by C StenschkePRAKTIESE TEOLOGIE / PRACTICAL THEOLOGY by H J C Pieterse
Bybelwetenskappe/Biblical Sciences
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: August 2018

Aune, D E 2006. Apocalypticism, Prophecy and Magic in Early Christianity: Collected Essays. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. (WUNT 199). Pp. xii + 482. Price: 100 €. ISBN 3-16-149020-7.Brownson, J V 2007. The Promise of Baptism. An introduction to Baptism in Scripture and the Reformed Tradition. Grand Rapids, MI/Cambridge, U.K.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. Pp. 223. Price: $16-00. ISBN: 978-0-8028-3307.Buchholz, Armin. Schrift Gottes im Lehrstreit: Luthers Schriftverständnis und Schriftauslegung in seinen drei großen Lehrstreitigkeiten der Jahre 1521-1528, TVG Systematisch-Theologische Monografien (STM) 20 (Gießen: Brunnen, 2007). Paperback, 340 S. ISBN 978-3-7655-9549-3. Price: 30 €Helmer, C (ed) 2005. Biblical Interpretation: History, Context and Reality. Leiden: Brill. ISBN: 9004130748. Price: €80-00.Koch, H 2006. Die Kirchen und ihre Tabus. Die Verweigerung der Moderne. Düsseldorf: Patmos. Pp. 230. Hard cover. ISBN 3-491-72498-8. Price: €18-00.
Complex Pitting Corrosion in Long-Term Immersed Exposures of 6060 Aluminum Alloys in Temperate Natural Seawater
Authors: Liang Mengxia , Melchers Robert E. , Chaves Igor A.
Published: August 2018

Novel observations of changes in pitting morphology of 6060 aluminum alloys immersed for periods of 3 y, 3.5 y, and 4 y in temperate seawater are reported. They indicate that the initiation and propagation of pitting involve several different mechanisms. These result in small (semi-) hemispherical pits, irregular polygonal-shaped larger pits, and also extremely large and deep pits with complex morphologies. Principally intergranular corrosion and crystallographic pitting were observed. It is proposed that the changing nature of the pit morphologies is associated with the accumulated corrosion products and, to a lesser extent, affected by the marine growth attached to the metal surface.
Evaluating and improving the Community Land Model's sensitivity to land cover
Authors: Meier Ronny , Davin Edouard L. , Lejeune Quentin , Hauser Mathias , Li Yan , Martens Brecht , Schultz Natalie M. , Sterling Shannon , Thiery Wim
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Modeling studies have shown the importance of biogeophysical effects of deforestation on local climate conditions but have also highlighted the lack of agreement across different models. Recently, remote-sensing observations have been used to assess the contrast in albedo, evapotranspiration (ET), and land surface temperature (LST) between forest and nearby open land on a global scale. These observations provide an unprecedented opportunity to evaluate the ability of land surface models to simulate the biogeophysical effects of forests. Here, we evaluate the representation of the difference of forest minus open land (i.e., grassland and cropland) in albedo, ET, and LST in the Community Land Model version 4.5 (CLM4.5) using various remote-sensing and in situ data sources. To extract the local sensitivity to land cover, we analyze plant functional type level output from global CLM4.5 simulations, using a model configuration that attributes a separate soil column to each plant functional type. Using the separated soil column configuration, CLM4.5 is able to realistically reproduce the biogeophysical contrast between forest and open land in terms of albedo, daily mean LST, and daily maximum LST, while the effect on daily minimum LST is not well captured by the model. Furthermore, we identify that the ET contrast between forests and open land is underestimated in CLM4.5 compared to observation-based products and even reversed in sign for some regions, even when considering uncertainties in these products. We then show that these biases can be partly alleviated by modifying several model parameters, such as the root distribution, the formulation of plant water uptake, the light limitation of photosynthesis, and the maximum rate of carboxylation. Furthermore, the ET contrast between forest and open land needs to be better constrained by observations to foster convergence amongst different land surface models on the biogeophysical effects of forests. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of comparing subgrid model output to local observations to improve current land surface models' ability to simulate land cover change effects, which is a promising approach to reduce uncertainties in future assessments of land use impacts on climate.
An Analysis on the Reading Habits of University Students Studying Physical Education and Sports Training
Authors: Arslanoğlu Cansel , Mor Ahmet
Published: August 2018

The aim of this research is to analyze the reading habits of students studying physical education and sports trainingwith respect to certain variables. A total of 324 first-year students (125 females, 199 males) voluntarily participatedin the research from physical education and sports training departments of Sinop University, Kafkas University, andOndokuz Mays University. A questionnaire consisting of two parts was used as the data collection tool in theresearch. The personal information form was used in the first part and the "Reading Habit Attitude Scale" developedby Gömleksiz (2004) was used in the second part. Shapiro Wilk and Levene tests were employed to determinewhether the data exhibited a normal distribution in the analysis. The data exhibiting a normal distribution wereanalyzed with the help of t-test and One-Way ANOVA. In multiple comparisons, the Tukey HSD test was used todetermine the groups causing the difference. According to the results of the research, a significant difference wasfound in favor of women in the age variable of sub-dimensions of "love, habit, will, effect and benefit"; in the gendervariable; in favor of ages 18-20-21-22 in sub-dimension of "necessity"; in favor of primary and secondary schoolgraduates in sub-dimensions of "habit, necessity and will" in the father's educational background variable; in favor ofthe average value above 1.5 in sub-dimension of "love" and in favor of average grades between 1.0-2.5 insub-dimension of "benefit" in the academic grade averages variable (p <0.05). No significant difference was foundwith respect to the variables of the department and mother's education background (p> 0.05).It was revealed that among the university students studying physical education and sports training, female studentsread more than the male students and those whose father was a primary or secondary school graduate were morewilling to read and they regarded this habit as a necessity.
Leg Volume and Mass Scales of Elite Male and Female Athletes in Some Olympic Sports
Authors: Mavi Var Sevde , MARANGOZ Irfan
Published: August 2018

This study aims to scale average leg volume and mass scales of elite male and female athletes in some olympicsports. A total of 280 elite athletes comprising of 200 males and 80 females studying at School of Physical Educationand Sports at University of Kirsehir Ahi Evran voluntarily participated in this study. Frustum and Hanavan methodswere used to determine leg volume and mass, respectively. SPSS 22.0 package program for Windows was used fordescriptive statistics analysis of the study. The present study found average leg volume and mass scale of maleathletes in football, basketball, volleyball, handball, gymnastics and wrestling and female athletes in football,basketball, volleyball, handball, gymnastics, box, taekwondo and tennis. It was observed in the related scale that legvolume of the athletes in the lowest weight classes in weight sports were lower. In other words, leg volume and massof the athletes were in direct proportion to their weight class. When the scale of female athletes is analyzed, it can benoted that volleyball players have the highest leg volume and mass among team sports players.
The Changes in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) Studies between 2012 and 2017- A Review of Literature
Authors: Alzahrani Abdulaziz
Published: August 2018

In recent decades, the use of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) has changed according to the different goalsand studies that have been applied. Therefore, it is very important to explore and examine these changes and identifythe development of use and conception of MOOCs. This research is considered empirical in nature and focuses onstudies published between 2012 and 2017. The current study is conducted on three scientific databases to collectthose studies that matched the research method and achieved its goal. Nine hundred seventy-nine studies wereconsidered, and 37 studies have been selected for this study and will be analyzed based on study design and othervariables. The collected studies utilized the qualitative method, quantitative method, and mixed-method approaches.These studies were analyzed through the use of MOOCs according to students’ views, instructors’ views, andstudents’ and instructors’ views. The results showed a different understanding of MOOCs between the students’views, instructors’ views, and students’ and instructors’ views. Recommendations and future research opportunitiesare also discussed.
Decaimento das emissões de biogás após um ano do encerramento de um aterro controlado de uma cidade de 500.000 habitantes
Authors: Quadros Adriano , Audibert Jorge Luiz , Fernandes Fernando
Published: August 2018

Este trabalho apresenta resultados de medidas que permitem avaliar o decaimento das emissões de biogás no aterro controlado de Londrina (Limoeiro), após um ano de fechamento e uma comparação com as previsões de três modelos matemáticos. Foram realizadas medidas na camada de superfície através de ensaios de placa estática de fluxo e também nos drenos verticais. A emissões totais de metano foram de 9.602.192 Nm3/ano e as de biogás foram de 21.117.824 Nm3/ano. Em comparação com as últimas medidas antes de fechamento do aterro, houve uma redução de 38% na emissão de biogás após o período de um ano. Os valores previstos pelos modelos matemáticos foram 55%, 69% e 57% maiores do que o valor medido, para os modelos Triangular, Scholl Canyon e Software Landgem 3.02, respectivamente.
Construction of Modified Central Composite Designs for Non-standard Models
Authors: M. P. Iwundu,
Published: August 2018

The use of loss function in studying the reduction in determinant of information matrix due to missing observations has effectively produced designs that are robust to missing observations. Modified central composite designs are constructed for non-standard models using principles of the loss function or equivalently first compound of (I ) matrix associated with hat matrix . Although central composite designs (CCDs) are reasonably robust to model mis-specifications, efficient designs with fewer design points are more economical. By classifying the losses due to missing design points in the CCD portions, where there are multiple losses associated with specified CCD portions, the design points having less influence may be deleted from the full CCD. This leads to a possible increase in design efficiency and offers alternative designs, similar in the structure of CCDs, for non-standard models.
2018/11 Medical diagnosis in disability discrimination cases not necessary (DK)
Authors: Klasen Christian K.
Published: August 2018

2018/11 Medical diagnosis in disability discrimination cases not necessary (DK)

The Danish Supreme Court has ruled that a medical diagnosis is not required when deciding whether a person suffers from a disability protected under Directive 2000/78.
2018/20 Labour Court sets out employers’ equal treatment obligations following the transfer of a business (FI)
Authors: Nurminen Janne
Published: August 2018

2018/20 Labour Court sets out employers’ equal treatment obligations following the transfer of a business (FI)

The Finnish Labour Court recently decided a case about the transfer of a business and the associated obligation to harmonise employees’ salaries. The Court held that the employer had not shown good reasons for continuing to pay different salaries to employees with equivalent responsibilities long after the transfer.
Errata
Authors: RBMFC Revista
Published: August 2018

No artigo “Prevenção quaternária: primeiro não causar dano”, com número de DOI: “http://dx.doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc10(35)1064”, publicado na Revista Brasileira de Medicina de Família e Comunidade,v. 10, n. 35, versão em português, na página 1, Figura 1:Onde se lia: “sente-se bem”leia-se “sente-se mal”  e vice-versa.No artigo “Saúde da População Negra: percepção de residentes e preceptores de Saúde da Famíliae Medicina de Família e Comunidade” com número de DOI: “https://doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc13(40)1712”,publicado na Revista Brasileira de Medicina de Família e Comunidade, v. 13, n. 40, na página 1, Parecer doCEP :Onde se lia: "2.270.572 (PMF), aprovado em 12/09/2017"leia-se " "2.270.572 (Hospital Governador Celso Ramos - HGCR), aprovado em 12/09/2017".
Study of Oxyclozanide’s Innate Stability Coupled with the Assessment of its Aquatic Photo-Transformation Using a Validated Isocratic HPLC Method
Authors: Saad Ahmed S , Ismail Nahla S , Soliman Marwa , Zaazaa Hala E
Published: August 2018

Background: Oxyclozanide (OXY) is a veterinary medicine used for control of fascioliasis in farm animals. Literature review shows absence of sufficient information regarding its stability. Such information is important as it affects many stages of a drug’s life cycle, from pharmaceutical manufacturing to its environmental fate understanding of the degradation of the drug once itis placed in the environment. Objective: An HPLC method was developed to address the impact of different stress conditions on OXY’s stability. Methods: OXY’s stability was investigated by exposure to forced acid and alkaline hydrolysis, thermal, oxidative and photolytic degradation, which are different stress conditions applied to the forced degradation study. Separation was performed on Eurosphere C18 analytical column (125 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size) using 50 mM sodium acetate trihydrate (pH 4.5) and acetonitrile (50:50, v/v) as mobile phase and UV detection at 254 nm. A photolytic kineticsstudy was conducted by monitoring OXY photolysis under monochromatic and polychromatic light sources (UV lamp at 366 nm and natural sunlight) in aqueous buffers of different pHs (5, 7, and 9). LC-MS was used to identify the major photolytic degradate. Results: OXY was quantified over a concentration range of 1–80 μg/mL with mean recovery of 99.32 ± 1.80%. The drug wassusceptible to oxidative and photolytic degradation. The photolytic kinetics were pH dependent. The LC-MS result supported photo-dehalogenation degradation mechanism. Conclusions: The developed method could be used in OXY stability testing. The results of the photolytic kinetics study canaddress OXY aquatic photo-transformation, thereby predicting its environmental fate and risks imposed on the ecosystem. Highlights: An HPLC method was developed for monitoring OXY degradation behavior and studying its photolytic kinetics with identification of its photodegradate.
Making Sense of the Sentence
Authors: Coren Daniel ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2018

Early on in his Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle argues that there must be a single end or good desired for its own sake, for the sake of which all of our other ends are desired. The argument includes the following conditional: “If we chose everything for the sake of something else so that the process went on forever, then our desire would be empty and futile.” This paper addresses that conditional. First, I explain why the conditional appears to be false. Second, I resolve some ambiguity in it. Third, I argue that the conditional enjoys a plausible and charitable reading when understood as a claim about ordinary human lives and psychology, and when read in the context of Aristotle’s conception of ethics.
Intestinal Neuronal Dysplasia Type B: An Updated Review of a Problematic Diagnosis
Authors: Kapur Raj P. , Reyes-Mugica Miguel
Published: August 2018

Context.—

Intestinal neuronal dysplasia type B (IND B) is a controversial histopathologic phenotype that has been associated with intestinal dysmotility, either as an isolated condition or in conjunction with established pathologic disorders (eg, Hirschsprung disease). Many factors contribute to the debate over the existence and/or clinical significance of IND B, including a large body of published data based on inconsistent diagnostic criteria and methods, which have fostered many unwarranted conclusions that lack sufficient scientific basis.

Objective.—

To critically analyze existing published data regarding IND B to provide supporting evidence-based diagnostic practice and to stimulate necessary and scientifically sound research.

Data Sources.—

This update focuses on published literature related to the pathology of IND B because without a reliable pathologic diagnosis, studies of epidemiology, pathogenesis, natural history, management, and outcome are all suspect. Problems with existing data are identified explicitly with suggestions as to how future investigations should be designed and evaluated to better understand this entity.

Conclusions.—

Inconsistencies in diagnostic criteria and methods used to define IND B justifiably encumber the universal acceptance of IND B as a neuropathologic etiology for intestinal dysmotility. IND B will remain a controversial diagnosis until rigorous, well-controlled scientific studies are conducted to establish reproducible and reliable diagnostic criteria that reliably translate from one laboratory to another.
Electroencephalographic responses of anaesthetised rats to carbon dioxide inhalation
Authors: Kells NJ , Beausoleil NJ , Mcllhone AE , Johnson CB
Published: August 2018

Exposure to high concentrations of CO2is a common means of stunning and killing laboratory rodents. However, there is concern regarding the potential for animals to have aversive experiences, such as pain or breathlessness, prior to loss of awareness. This preliminary study evaluated the electroencephalographic (EEG) responses of rats (Rattus norvegicus) to CO2inhalation, using a method based on a minimal anaesthesia model previously used to assess nociception in mammals. Fifteen adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were anaesthetised with halothane in oxygen and maintained at a minimal plane of anaesthesia. EEG was continuously recorded throughout a 10-min baseline period followed by sequential exposure to 5, 15, 30 and 50% CO2. The EEG summary variables median frequency (F50), 95% spectral edge frequency (F95) and total power (PTOT) were derived from the raw EEG. The F50 of the EEG, a sensitive indicator of nociception, increased significantly above baseline during exposure to 15% CO2, suggesting this concentration was noxious to rats. This is consistent with behavioural aversion in rats at around the same CO2concentration. Stimulation of the rat mucosal nociceptors only occurs at CO2concentrations of 37% or greater; therefore, it is hypothesised that the observed response was a result of what would have been CO2-induced aversive respiratory sensation in conscious animals, rather than pain. This study provides some evidence that an anaesthesia model may be utilised to study the nocuous effects of low-moderate CO2exposure in rodents.
Evaluation of the CASH Dispatch Kit combined with alternative shot placement landmarks as a single-step euthanasia method for cattle of various ages
Authors: Gilliam JN , Woods J , Hill J , Shearer JK , Reynolds J , Taylor JD
Published: August 2018

Humane euthanasia of cattle under field conditions presents special challenges for veterinarians and producers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the CASH Dispatch Kit captive-bolt system combined with improved shot placement landmarks as a single-step euthanasia method for cattle. Cattle destined for euthanasia for reasons unrelated to the study were utilised. Adult (> 2 years), young (6-24 months) and neonatal (< 1 month) cattle each received a single shot from the CASH penetrating captive-bolt pistol. An additional group of neonatal animals was shot with a non-penetrating muzzle attachment. The shot was placed on midline halfway between the top of the poll and an imaginary line connecting the lateral canthus of each eye. Following the shot, the animals were immediately assessed for loss of consciousness based upon: i) immediate collapse (if standing); ii) loss of eye reflexes with a centered, dilated pupil; iii) lack of co-ordinated respiration; iv) lack of vocalisation; and v) lack of a righting reflex. Lack of consciousness and heartbeat were assessed at 1-min intervals until cardiac arrest. All animals were adequately stunned by a single shot. Euthanasia via a single shot was successful in 28/31, 17/19, 8/10, and 9/10 adult, young, neonate (penetrating) and neonate (non-penetrating) animals, respectively. Reasons for failure included return of co-ordinated respiration and prolonged time until cardiac arrest. A single shot from the CASH Dispatch captive-bolt system will humanely euthanase most animals. However, the results of this study indicate that application of a follow-up step to ensure death is still needed in certain instances.
A review of current indicators of welfare in captive elephants (Loxodonta africana and Elephas maximus)
Authors: Williams E , Chadwick CL , Yon L , Asher L
Published: August 2018

Concerns over elephant welfare in UK zoos have implications for their future in captivity. To monitor improvements made to elephant welfare in UK zoos, non-invasive, valid and reliable indicators of welfare are needed. Using a rapid review strategy and critical appraisal tool, we aimed to appraise evidence from peer-reviewed literature on potential welfare indicators for captive elephants. Scopus, Web of Knowledge and Ovid were searched in January 2014 using terms relevant to captive elephants and welfare assessment. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and remaining articles were critically appraised against a specially designed welfare indicator appraisal tool. Thirty-seven unique indicators of welfare were extracted from 30 peer-reviewed papers which met the inclusion criteria. Behavioural measures of welfare (n = 21) were more common than either physical (n = 11) or physiological (n = 5) measures. Stereotypies were the most frequently used behavioural measure, glucocorticoids were the most frequently used physiological measure and body condition scores were the most frequently used physical measure. There was most support for the following indicators of improved welfare state: reduced stereotypies, reduced glucocorticoids and improved body condition scores. Additional measures which require further validation but had strong associations with the most supported measures, and thus have potential use in welfare assessment, were: increased lying rest and positive social interactions. Further validation of the described measures is needed, but this information forms a crucial part of the knowledge required to efficiently monitor and improve the welfare of elephants in captivity.
Principals’ Beliefs About Language Learning and Inclusion of English Language Learners in Canadian Elementary French Immersion Programs
Authors: Mady Callie , Masson Mimi
Published: August 2018

Gatekeepers’ language ideologies and beliefs about language learning determine how learners experience French as a second language programs, in particular, their access to, and success and inclusion in, the French immersion (FI) program. In this article, we explore how FI principals understand language learning and the inclusion of English language learners (ELLs) and how these perspectives shape school policy in FI programs. The study took place in a large urban school board in southern Ontario with student population consisting of 50% ELLs. After conducting a questionnaire with principals across the school board, we interviewed a subgroup of principals gathering quantitative and qualitative data. In addition, we consulted the board’s website and documentation provided to parents regarding enrolling their children in FI. The study highlights convergence or divergence from principals’ beliefs in relation to board policy about access and inclusion to the FI program. Through critical discourse analysis, data revealed that principals have contradictory beliefs about language learning, and at times principals struggle to reconcile these beliefs with official board policy. While FI principals are mostly positive about including ELLs in FI, to provide equal access to the program, they would benefit from (a) moving away from a definition of bilingualism as equalingualism and (b) expanding and developing the meaning of inclusivity beyond physical presence to adapt the FI space for greater inclusion of ELLs.
Maintaining confidence in the reporting of scientific outputs
Authors: Sarabipour Sarvenaz , Wissink Erin M , Burgess Steven J , Hensel Zach , Debat Humberto , Emmott Edward , Akay Alper , Akdemir Kadir , Schwessinger Benjamin
Published: August 2018

The timely and accurate dissemination of scientific discoveries is of utmost importance so that scientific knowledge can be advanced and applied to benefit the public. Scientists communicate amongst themselves at conferences, via journal articles, and, increasingly in the life sciences, in preprint manuscripts which have not been subject to peer review. Journalists translate new research into a language the public can understand, relying on both work presented in scientific forums and interviews with experts. Critically, scientists and journalists both share the ethical principle that publications should be rigorously sourced and fact-checked, with errors subject to publicized corrections. Here we respond to concerns raised about the impact of reporting on results that have not passed through peer review, calling for improved dialogue between scientists and journalists to maintain public trust in research and arguing that imposing limits is against the public interest.
INsideVisible Cities: Transcending Substance
Authors: Vrabcheva Zarya
Published: August 2018

The interior, as one of the most human and sensual forms of architecture, is an intimate connection with the built environment and a powerful tool in provoking and altering the human mind, stimulating its curiosity, desires and solutions by way of visible and ambient matter. I aspire to explore the sense of interiority as betweenness, a space of transition in which both the human and the architecture body transcend from one state to another through empathetic interaction. Empathy, besides the ability to feel and experience someone else’s emotions and mental state, also depicts our capacity to feel and experience situations, surroundings and non-living bodies. Interiority encounters three states of empathy in which our capacities of memory, imagination and illusion convey the invisible relationships we have with spaces and inanimate matter. Memory conveys the ability of both humans and space to encapsulate presence, activity and emotion through time. Imagination is our capacity to dream and inject a space with our own vision, shape and create new worlds. Illusion, on the other hand, forms a vigorous relationship with the human being through projecting its character and influence onto our minds. The interiority I seek to illustrate surpasses the rationalities, containment and materiality it is commonly related and rather stimulates curiosity in our being, revealing the qualities of a space as a living organism - growing, living, talking, affecting, absorbing, aging and eventually dying...
Passage Territories: Reframing Living Spaces in Contested Contexts
Authors: Paramita Kristanti Dewi , Schneider Tatjana
Published: August 2018

This paper investigates the concept of ‘passage territories’ (Sennett, 2006), de ned as living spaces constructed from one’s passage of movement from one separate space to another, and how it extends the discussion of interiority in contested contexts. Through observations of living spaces and the narrative accounts of dwellers’ in Kampung Pulo and Manggarai neighbourhoods of Jakarta, this study draws attention to the interiority of dispersed and layered spaces occupied by the kampungs’ dwellers. In this context, passage territories are driven by a) a limitation of space that, in turn, triggers the need to acquire more space; b) the occupation of a dweller that necessitates different types of space; and c) the limited access to infrastructural resources that influence the extent of a living space’s dispersal. Through the use of drawings, this study reveals the complete interiority of living spaces consisting of spaces with diverse spatial ownerships and scales. The boundaries of passage territories tend to be de ned by the frequency and length of time needed for an activity instead of the relative proximity between certain spaces. Furthermore, the way objects are placed also shapes the boundaries of passage territories, both for permanent and temporary use of space. This paper then discusses the impact of this knowledge on the interiority of passage territories, proposing to use mechanisms of ‘patches’ and ‘corridors’ to shape the interior of territory that cross, share, and change into one another.
Detection of Matrix Metallopeptidase 13 for Monitoring Stem Cell Differentiation and Early Diagnosis of Osteoarthritis by Fluorescent Light‐Up Probes with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Characteristics
Authors: Li Jinming , Lee Wayne Yukwai , Wu Tianyi , Leung Chris Waitung , Xu Jianbin , Wong Dexter Siuhong , Li Rui , Li Gang , Tang Ben Zhong , Bian Liming
Published: August 2018

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the leading cause of chronic disability affecting the elderly. There is an acute demand for novel approaches to sensitively and specifically detect OA biomarkers in conjunction with traditional radiographic outcomes to facilitate early diagnosis and allow timely treatment. In this study, a novel strategy is introduced to detect the activity of matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP‐13)—a key enzyme responsible for cartilage matrix degradation in OA with a synthesized molecular probe containing a hydrophilic MMP‐13‐sensitive peptide conjugated to an aggregation induced emission fluorogen (AIEgen). The MMP‐13 cleaves the MMP‐13 sensitive peptide and induces aggregation of the hydrophogic AIEgen residues resulting in the activation of a fluorescent signal. The results demonstrate that this probe can detect increasing MMP‐13 activity, which is an important marker of osteogenic differentiation in living and differentiating stem cells. This allows easy and semi‐quantitative assessment of the extent of stem cell differentiation. Furthermore, by administering this probe to diseased joints of rats with induced OA, the real‐time detection of MMP‐13 activity is demonstrated in the osteoarthritic knee joints of living animals. It is believed that the molecular probe is a promising tool for real‐time detection of disease markers with high fluorescence contrast to aid the early diagnosis of OA.
Pioneering Effects and Enhanced Neurite Complexity of Primary Hippocampal Neurons on Hierarchical Neurotemplated Scaffolds
Authors: Kim Beom Jin , Park Matthew , Park Ji Hun , Joo Sunghoon , Kim Mi‐Hee , Kang Kyungtae , Choi Insung S.
Published: August 2018

In this work, the use of scaffolds is reported, templated from live neurons as an advanced culture platform for primary neurons. Hippocampal neurons cultured on neurotemplated scaffolds exhibit an affinity for templated somas, revealing a preference for micrometric structures amidst nanotopographical features. It is also reported, for the first time, that neurite complexity can be topographically controlled by increasing the density of nanometric features on neurotemplated scaffolds. Neurotemplated scaffolds are versatile, hierarchical topographies that feature biologically relevant structures, in both form and scale, and capture the true complexity of an in vivo environment. The introduction and implementation of neurotemplated scaffolds is sure to advance research in the fields of neurodevelopment, network development, and neuroregeneration.
Recombination Dynamics Study on Nanostructured Perovskite Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Chen Ziming , Li Zhenchao , Zhang Chongyang , Jiang Xiao‐Fang , Chen Dongcheng , Xue Qifan , Liu Meiyue , Su Shijian , Yip Hin‐Lap , Cao Yong
Published: August 2018

The field of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) has developed rapidly in recent years. Although the performance of PeLEDs continues to improve through film quality control and device optimization, little research has been dedicated to understanding the recombination dynamics in perovskite thin films. Likewise, little has been done to investigate the effects of recombination dynamics on the overall light‐emitting behavior of PeLEDs. Therefore, this study investigates the recombination dynamics of CH3NH3PbI3 thin films with differing crystal sizes by measurement of fluence‐dependent transient absorption dynamics and time‐resolved photoluminescence. The aim is to find out the link between recombination dynamics and device behavior in PeLEDs. It is found that bimolecular and Auger recombination become more efficient as the crystal size decreases and monomolecular recombination rate is affected by the trap density of perovskite. By defining the radiative efficiency Φ(n), which relates to the monomolecular, bimolecular, and Auger recombination, the fundamental recombination properties of CH3NH3PbI3 films are discerned in quantitative terms. These findings help us to understand the light emission behavior of PeLEDs. This study takes an important step toward establishing the relationship between film structure, recombination dynamics, and device behavior for PeLEDs, thereby providing useful insights toward the design of better perovskite devices.
Two‐Component Stapling of Biologically Active and Conformationally Constrained Peptides: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Iegre Jessica , Gaynord Josephine S. , Robertson Naomi S. , Sore Hannah F. , Hyvönen Marko , Spring David R.
Published: August 2018

Peptides are an emerging class of therapeutics in the pharmaceutical world. Whilst small molecules have dominated the therapeutic landscape for decades, the design and application of peptide drugs is emerging among the pharmaceutical industries and academia. Although highly selective and efficacious, peptides are characterized by poor pharmacokinetic properties and amelioration of their bioavailability remains a major hurdle. Incorporation of conformational constraints within the peptide (such as peptide stapling) has been extensively used to improve the bioavailability of these molecules; consequently, it is not surprising that a plethora of stapling techniques has been developed and has had a significant impact on the development of peptide therapeutics. Among the numerous stapling techniques known, two‐component methodologies allow facile and divergent functionalization of peptides. The authors have pioneered a stapling technique that makes use of the double Cu‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition between di‐azido peptides and functionalized di‐alkynyl staples. In recent years, the authors have created biologically active, conformationally constrained peptides functionalized with cell‐penetrating peptides, fluorescent tags, and photo cross‐linking moieties, demonstrating the wide applicability of this methodology. Herein, the impact, advantages, limitations, and future applications of this technology and other two‐component peptide stapling techniques on the development of clinically relevant peptides are highlighted.
Local Charge Distribution Engineered by Schottky Heterojunctions toward Urea Electrolysis
Authors: Li Caicai , Liu Youwen , Zhuo Zhiwen , Ju Huanxin , Li Dian , Guo Yanpeng , Wu Xiaojun , Li Huiqiao , Zhai Tianyou
Published: August 2018

Urea electrooxidation with favorable thermodynamic potential offers great promise for decoupling H2/O2 evolution from sluggish water splitting, and simultaneously mitigating the problem of urea‐rich water pollution. However, the intrinsically slow kinetics of the six‐electron transfer process impels one to explore efficient catalysts in order to enable widespread use of this catalytic system. In response, taking CoS2/MoS2 Schottky heterojunctions as the proof‐of‐concept paradigm, a catalytic model to modulate the surface charge distribution for synergistically facilitating the adsorption and fracture of chemical group in urea molecule is proposed and the mechanism of urea electrooxidation at the molecular level is elucidated. Based on density functional calculations, the self‐driven charge transfer across CoS2/MoS2 heterointerface would induce the formation of local electrophilic/nucleophilic region, which will intelligently adsorb electron‐donating/electron‐withdrawing groups in urea molecule, activate the chemical bonds, and thus trigger the decomposition of urea. Benefiting from the regulation of local charge distribution, the constructed Schottky catalyst of CoS2‐MoS2 exhibits superior urea catalytic activities with a potential of 1.29 V (only 0.06 V higher than the thermodynamic voltage of water decomposition) to attain 10 mA cm−2 as well as robust durability over 60 h. This innovational manipulation of charge distribution via Schottky heterojunction provides a model in exploring other highly efficient electrocatalysts.
Prominent and elongated coccyx, a new manifestation of KBG syndrome associated with novel mutation in ANKRD11
Authors: De Bernardi Margherita Lucia , Ivanovski Ivan , Caraffi Stefano Giuseppe , Maini Ilenia , Street Maria Elisabeth , Bayat Allan , Zollino Marcella , Lepri Francesca Romana , Gnazzo Maria , Errichiello Edoardo , Superti‐Furga Andrea , Garavelli Livia
Published: August 2018

KBG syndrome is characterized by short stature, distinctive facial features, and developmental/cognitive delay and is caused by mutations in ANKRD11, one of the ankyrin repeat‐containing cofactors. After the advent of whole exome sequencing, the number of clinical reports with KBG diagnosis has increased, leading to a revision of the phenotypic spectrum associated with this syndrome. Here, we report a female child showing clinical features of the KBG syndrome in addition to a caudal appendage at the coccyx with prominent skin fold and a peculiar calcaneus malformation. Exons and exon–intron junctions targeted resequencing of SH3PXD2B and MASP1 genes, known to be associated with prominent coccyx, gave negative outcome, whereas sequencing of ANKRD11 whose mutations matched the KBG phenotype of the proband showed a de novo heterozygous frameshift variant c.4528_4529delCC in exon 9 of ANKRD11. This report contributes to expand the knowledge of the clinical features of KBG syndrome and highlights the need to search for vertebral anomalies and suspect this condition in the presence of a prominent, elongated coccyx.
Synthesis of Chiral Sulfur‐Containing Polymers: Asymmetric Copolymerization of meso‐Epoxides and Carbonyl Sulfide
Authors: Yue Tian‐Jun , Ren Wei‐Min , Chen Li , Gu Ge‐Ge , Liu Ye , Lu Xiao‐Bing
Published: August 2018

Synthesis of chiral sulfur‐containing polymers was realized for the first time by the asymmetric alternating copolymerization of achiral meso‐epoxides with carbonyl sulfide (COS) using catalyst systems based on enantiopure binaphthol‐linked dinuclear CoIII complexes under mild reaction conditions. The resultant poly(monothiocarbonate)s have main‐chain chirality and more than 99 % isotacticity. Notably, the stereoregular copolymers are typical semicrystalline thermoplastics with high melting temperatures up to 232 °C. Additionally, these sulfur‐containing polymers have good optical properties with refractive indices of up to 1.56 and Abbe's numbers of up to 43.
Schwefel‐Spillover auf Kohlenstoffmaterialien und mögliche Einflüsse auf Metall‐Schwefel‐Batterien
Authors: Medenbach Lukas , Escher Ines , Köwitsch Nicolas , Armbrüster Marc , Zedler Linda , Dietzek Benjamin , Adelhelm Philipp
Published: August 2018

Gängige Methoden zur Herstellung von Schwefel‐Kohlenstoff‐Kompositen als positive Elektroden für wiederaufladbare Batterien sind die Vermahlung in der Kugelmühle und das Imprägnieren des Kohlenstoffs durch flüssigen, gelösten oder gasförmigen Schwefel. Durch den so gewährleisteten, guten Kontakt der Elemente werden verbesserte Batterieeigenschaften erhofft. Hier wird über einen unerwarteten Spillover‐Effekt des Schwefels in Kontakt mit porösem Kohlenstoff bei Umgebungsbedingungen berichtet. Nach kurzem Mischen von Schwefel und porösem Kohlenstoff im Massenverhältnis 1:1 erfolgt eine vollständige Oberflächenbedeckung des Kohlenstoffs innerhalb weniger Tage. Gleichzeitig verliert Schwefel charakteristische Eigenschaften der Volumenphase wie Kristallinität, Schmelzpunkt und Raman‐Aktivität. Der Spillover kann auch bei Gegenwart einer flüssigen Phase auftreten, und Konsequenzen des Phänomens werden am Beispiel einer Natrium‐Schwefel‐Zelle mit Festelektrolytmembran diskutiert.
Annelated Cyclobutanes by Fe‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Enyne Acetates
Authors: Kramm Frederik , Teske Johannes , Ullwer Franziska , Frey Wolfgang , Plietker Bernd
Published: August 2018

Cationic Fe complexes of the general type [(Ph3P)2Fe(CO)(NO)]X (X=BF4, BArF4) catalyze the redox‐neutral cycloisomerization of 1,6‐ and 1,7‐enyneacetates to afford bicyclic cyclobutanes under mild conditions in good yields and diastereoselectivities.