bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melanopsin‐mediated pupillary light reflex and sleep quality in patients with normal tension glaucoma
Authors: Ahmadi Hamid , Lund‐Andersen Henrik , Kolko Miriam , Bach‐Holm Daniella , Alberti Mark , Ba‐Ali Shakoor
Published: May 2019

Purpose

The intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) and sleep quality are impaired in patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG). In this study, we investigated whether ipRGCs and sleep quality were also impaired in patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG).

Methods

We performed pupillometry and sleep quality assessment in 15 patients with NTG and 17 healthy age‐matched controls. Pupillometry protocol consisted of monocular stimulation with high illuminance (100 lux) red (633 nm, 300 cd/m2 or 15.23 log quanta/cm2/s) and blue light (463 nm, 332 cd/m2 or 15.27 log quanta/cm2/s) and binocular pupil measurements. Prior to light stimulation, patients were dark‐adapted for 5 min. The late postillumination pupillary response (PIPRLate) to blue light was used as marker of ipRGC activity. Sleep quality was assessed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire.

Results

The PIPRLate to blue light was significantly reduced in patients with NTG compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.001), indicating impairment of the melanopsin‐mediated pupillary pathway. There was no significant difference in the response elicited by red light (p = 0.6). Baseline pupil diameter and pupillary constriction amplitude to both red and blue light were reduced in patients with NTG (p < 0.05). The global score in PSQI was not significantly different between healthy controls and patients with NTG, indicating normal sleep quality (p = 0.6). Furthermore, we found no correlation between sleep parameters and pupillary light reflex parameters.

Conclusion

Patients with NTG exhibited reduced ipRGC activity compared to healthy subjects, while no differences were observed in sleep quality.
To learn, to remember, to forget—How smart is the gut?
Authors: Schemann Michael , Frieling Thomas , Enck Paul
Published: May 2019

The enteric nervous system (ENS) resides within the gut wall and autonomously controls gut functions through coordinated activation of sensory, inter and motor neurons. Its activity is modulated by the enteric immune and endocrine system as well as by afferent and efferent nerves of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system. The ENS is often referred to as the second brain and hence is able to perform sophisticated tasks. We review the evidence that the “smartness” of the ENS may even extend to its ability to learn and to memorize. Examples for habituation, sensitization, conditioned behaviour and long‐term facilitation are evidence for various forms of implicit learning. Moreover, we discuss how this may change not only basic Neurogastroenterology but also our understanding of development of gut diseases and chronic disorders in gut functions. At the same time, we identify open questions and future challenges to confirm learning, memory and memory deficits in the gut. Despite some remaining experimental challenges, we are convinced that the gut is able to learn and are tempted to answer the question with: Yes, the gut is smart.
Negotiating Violence and Creative Agency in Commissioned Mexican Narco Rap
Authors: Malcomson Hettie
Published: May 2019

This article explores agency as an ability to act and exert power creatively when failure implies literal death. It draws on interviews with an ex‐narco and rappers who willingly accept narco‐commissions in 2010s Tamaulipas, Mexico, a context where precarity and necropolitical logics prevail. It asserts that many rappers exert power creatively, despite the risks. Rappers shape narco‐aesthetics by determining the lyrical and sonic elements of songs; draw on experiences of narco‐life to contribute to narco‐ethics; and mould narco‐masculinities by encouraging listeners to stay firm. It proposes that prevalent discursive Us–Them dichotomies facilitate Othering and stigmatisation of actors in the narco‐world, and serve to accentuate narco‐power.
Interval estimation for linear functions of medians in within‐subjects and mixed designs
Authors: Bonett Douglas G. , Price Robert M.
Published: May 2019

The currently available distribution‐free confidence interval for a difference of medians in a within‐subjects design requires an unrealistic assumption of identical distribution shapes. A confidence interval for a general linear function of medians is proposed for within‐subjects designs that do not assume identical distribution shapes. The proposed method can be combined with a method for linear functions of independent medians to provide a confidence interval for a linear function of medians in mixed designs. Simulation results show that the proposed methods have good small‐sample properties under a wide range of conditions. The proposed methods are illustrated with examples, and R functions that implement the new methods are provided.
Immediate occlusal vs nonocclusal loading of implants: A randomized prospective clinical pilot study and patient centered outcome after 36 months
Authors: Vogl Susanne , Stopper Marlene , Hof Markus , Theisen Kerstin , Wegscheider Walther A. , Lorenzoni Martin
Published: May 2019

Background

Immediate provisionalization reduces chair time and improves patient comfort.

Purpose

To analyze immediate functional loading vs nonfunctional loading with restorations in the posterior mandible for marginal bone defects, implant success/survival, and patient satisfaction.

Materials and Methods

A randomized controlled clinical trial was designed to assess these parameters based on 20 adult patients who underwent implant surgery, followed by immediate delivery of screw‐retained or cemented single or splinted restorations in full occlusal contact or in infraocclusion (test and control group). A questionnaire with visual analog scales was used to assess patient satisfaction.

Results

Following 36‐month data were evaluable for 9 patients (21 implants) in the study group (immediate functional loading) and for 10 patients (31 implants) in the control group (immediate nonfunctional loading). One implant in the control group was lost, hence the overall implant survival and success rate was 98.2%. Marginal bone defects were consistent with previous studies and comparable in both groups. Periotest values did not significantly change from baseline and the 12‐month follow‐up (Friedmann test). Patient satisfaction was high and did not involve any significant intergroup differences (Mann‐Whitney U‐test).

Conclusions

Both types of immediate provisional restorations are viable in selected patients. Larger randomized controlled trials are needed to establish immediate functional loading as a standard treatment for partially edentulous jaws.
Cochlear implants for patients with inner ear malformation: Experience in a cohort of 877 surgeries
Authors: Shi Ying , Li Yongxin , Gong Yue , Chen Biao , Chen Jingyuan
Published: May 2019

Objective

To analyse clinical information from a cohort of 877 cochlear implant (CI) surgeries performed in patients with inner ear malformations and report our experience with this procedure.

Methods

Clinical information on patients with inner ear malformation who underwent CI surgery in our department from January 2010 to April 2017 was analysed.

Results

Seven hundred and fifty‐four CI surgeries (86.0%) were uneventful but cerebrospinal fluid gusher occurred during surgery in 118 cases (13.5%). Not including the patients lost to follow‐up, postoperative Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) and Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) scores were collected from 13 patients with common cavity deformity, 38 with IP‐I, 11 with hypoplasia, 13 with IP‐III, 285 with IP‐II and 43 with cochlear nerve deficiency. The mean CAP scores were 2.55, 3.39, 3.45, 3.77, 3.98, 2.95 and 2.90, and the mean SIR scores were 1.54, 3.68, 3.72, 3.54, 3.80, 2.31 and 2.32. Patients with common cavity deformity who underwent surgery using the traditional facial recess approach or transmastoid slotted labyrinthotomy approach had significantly better post‐activation scores on the CAP, SIR and Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale/Infant‐Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale, with no significant differences between the two approaches.

Conclusion

The traditional facial recess approach can be successful, and several approaches may be used for electrode insertion and gusher control in patients with a severe deformity, particularly common cavity deformity and IP‐III. A gusher was the most common intraoperative finding and occurred most often in patients with IP‐III. Careful consideration of the type of electrode used is important.
Crystal structures of a putative periplasmic cystine‐binding protein from Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus: insights into an adapted mechanism of ligand binding
Authors: Kumar Pranav , Kesari Pooja , Kokane Sunil , Ghosh Dilip Kumar , Kumar Pravindra , Sharma Ashwani Kumar
Published: May 2019

The amino acid‐binding receptors, a component of ABC transporters, have evolved to cater to different specificities and functions. Of particular interest are cystine‐binding receptors, which have shown broad specificity. In the present study, a putative periplasmic cystine‐binding protein from Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLasTcyA) was characterized. Analysis of the CLasTcyA sequence and crystal structures in the ligand‐bound state revealed novel features of CLasTcyA in comparison to related proteins. One of the unique features found in CLasTcyA structure was the positioning of the C‐terminal extended loop of one chain very close to the substrate‐binding site of the adjacent monomer in the asymmetric unit. The presence of a disulphide bond, unique to Candidatus Liberibacter family, holds the C‐terminal extended loop in position. Analysis of the substrate‐binding pocket of CLasTcyA suggested a broad specificity and a completely different orientation of the bound substrates in comparison to related protein structures. The open conformation for one of the two chains of the asymmetric unit in the Arg‐bound structure revealed a limited open state (18.4°) for CLasTcyA as compared to open state of other related proteins (~ 60°). The strong interaction between Asp126 on helix‐α5 of small domain and Arg82 (bigger domain) restricts the degree of opening in ligand‐free open state. The dissociation constant of 1.26 μm by SPR and 3.7 μm by MST exhibited low affinity for the cystine. This is the first structural characterization of an l‐cystine ABC transporter from plant pathogen and our results suggest that CLasTcyA may have evolved to cater to its specific needs for its survival in the host.
TLR5 activation induces expression of the pro‐inflammatory mediator Urokinase Plasminogen Activator via NF‐κB and MAPK signalling pathways in human dental pulp cells
Authors: Hwang H.‐S. , Kim J.‐W. , Oh S.‐H. , Song J. H. , Yang J.‐W. , Zang Y. , Kim Y.‐H. , Lee S.‐E. , Hwang Y.‐C. , Koh J.‐T.
Published: May 2019

Aim

To explore the involvement of TLR5 in pulp inflammation and to examine the effects of TLR5 activation with its ligand, FlaB protein, on pro‐inflammatory gene expression.

Methodology

TLR5 expression in dental pulp tissues and human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) were determined by immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, Western blots and RT‐PCR analyses. To examine the role of TLR5, hDPCs were treated with recombinant FlaB protein (500 ng mL−1) to activate the receptor or with a small interfering RNA against TLR5 (si‐TLR5) to downregulate the receptor. After exposure to FlaB, the expression of inflammation‐related proteins was screened using a protein array kit. Western blots or qRT‐PCR analyses were performed to identify changes in the expression of uPA (urokinase plasminogen activator), TIMPs (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases), and IL‐6 and to determine their signalling pathways. Statistical analysis was performed using one‐way analysis of variance (anova) with Tukey post hoc test; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Result

TLR5 expression was identified in pulp tissues and hDPCs. In the protein array analysis, treatment with FlaB significantly increased uPA expression (P < 0.01) and significantly decreased TIMP1/4 (P < 0.05). FlaB treatment also significantly increased expression of the inflammatory marker IL‐6 (P < 0.01). FlaB treatment increased phosphorylation of the NF‐κB p65 subunit, JNK, p38 and ERK. Chemical inhibitors of NF‐κB (Bay11‐7082), p38 (SB202190) or ERK (U0126) decreased the FlaB induction of uPA expression. Downregulation of TLR5 expression by siRNA decreased the FlaB induction of uPA protein and p65 phosphorylation.

Conclusion

TLR5 activation with FlaB treatment induced the expression of uPA via the NF‐κB and MAPK signalling pathways. Flagellin‐bearing oral bacteria may cause pulp inflammation through TLR5. The findings provide new clues to control pulpal diseases by targeting TLR5 signalling pathways.
Factors affecting consumers’ purchase intention of eco‐friendly food in China: The evidence from respondents in Beijing
Authors: He Qile , Duan Yanqing , Wang Ruowei , Fu Zetian
Published: May 2019

The purpose aims to examine the key factors influencing Chinese consumer’s purchasing behaviour of eco‐friendly food in China giving its context as an emerging economy and its rapidly rising importance in the world eco‐friendly food market. This paper adopts and extends the Responsible Environmental Behaviour (REB) theory by empirically testing key psychosocial factors influencing the purchase intention of eco‐friendly food and the moderating effects of consumers’ demographic characteristics on the relationship between the key psychosocial factors and the purchase intention. A number of hypotheses are proposed. A questionnaire was designed and distributed via online survey in Beijing, China. A total of 239 valid responses were received. The empirical data were used to test the research hypotheses using the hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The research finds that the personality factors in the REB model (i.e., pro‐environmental attitudes, the internal locus of control and personal responsibly) have significant positive effects on the consumers’ eco‐friendly food purchase intention. Such effect is stable across consumers with different income levels. On the other hand, the knowledge–skill factors in the REB model do not have significant effect on the purchase intention of consumers. This study contributes to a better understanding of factors affecting eco‐friendly food consumption intention in China and the behavioural characteristics of consumers in developing countries. Moreover, the findings also shed light on the applicability of the REB theory in emerging economies and a specific industrial context.
Safety and outcomes of 177Lu‐DOTATATE for neuroendocrine tumours: experience in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Lin Enmoore , Chen Tina , Little Alana , Holliday Laura , Roach Paul , Butler Patrick , Hosking Erika , Bailey Elizabeth , Elison Barry , Currow David
Published: May 2019

Background

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with 177Lu‐DOTATATE is a promising treatment for inoperable or metastatic neuroendocrine tumours (NET). In 2015, the NSW Ministry of Health provided funding for 177Lu‐DOTATATE treatment of NET under an evaluation framework.

Aims

To examine the safety and outcomes of NET patients treated with 177Lu‐DOTATATE under the evaluation framework and assess the statewide implementation of the NSW Lutate therapy referral and protocol for neuroendocrine cancer patients.

Methods

A quality of care clinical audit was conducted on all NET patients treated with 177Lu‐DOTATATE from October 2010 to October 2015 at St George Hospital, and from August 2013 to March 2017 at Royal North Shore Hospital. Percentage of patients who met protocol selection criteria was calculated. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Adjusted regression analyses assessed associations between key clinical factors and outcomes.

Results

A total of 279 patients was treated. Statewide protocol implementation led to an increase from 60.5 to 83.8% in patients meeting selection criteria. Estimated median overall survival was significantly longer for patients who met selection criteria compared with those who did not (50.7 vs 34.2 months) (P = 0.018). This was driven by the significantly worse overall survival in patients who failed exclusion criteria (P < 0.001). 177Lu‐DOTATATE was well tolerated with haematological, renal and hepatic treatment‐related serious adverse events experienced by 9.7, 0.4 and 0.4% of patients respectively.

Conclusions

177Lu‐DOTATATE is a promising treatment for advanced NET. Superior survival in patients who met selection criteria emphasise the importance of protocol adherence.
Toward a Better Understanding of Recurrence Intervals, Bankfull, and Their Importance
Authors: Edwards Pamela J. , Watson Edward A. , Wood Frederica
Published: May 2019

Bankfull is a concept that is intimately tied to the annual flood series through the well‐accepted tenet that bankfull discharge occurs at approximately the 1.5‐year recurrence interval on the annual series. Thus, due to this association the annual series provides a useful diagnostic tool for helping to identify the bankfull elevation in the field. The partial‐duration series does not provide an equivalent tool because paired discharge and recurrence interval values from the flood frequency curve depend upon the minimum threshold selected for developing the partial‐duration series. However, the interpretation that bankfull discharge occurs on average once every 1.5 years, or two out of every three years from that bankfull discharge/recurrence interval relationship on the annual series is incorrect. Frequencies of small floods (those with recurrence intervals ≤10 years) should be obtained using the partial‐duration flood series because it contains a more accurate representation of the size and frequency of small events. We used discharge data from 11 streams in West Virginia watersheds that ranged from about 0.14 to 223 km2 to compare the two series and to illustrate the variability in small flood frequencies through time. Flooding to the bankfull stage was absent some years but occurred as many as four or five times during other years.
Opportunities for investment into small ruminant breeding programmes in Brazil
Authors: Braga Lobo Raimundo Nonato
Published: May 2019

The social contribution of goat and sheep industries is very important to many Brazilian families mainly in semi‐arid regions of the country. However, the productive chains of these two species in Brazil are unorganized and ultimately informal. On the other hand, there is potential for growth and development to which an upscaling of breeding programmes will be essential. Historically, many attempts to structure these programmes have been unsuccessful. Inadequate understanding of how to achieve genetic improvement often leading to distributing unsuitable exotic genetics among the producers is one of the reasons for the failure. Another important factor is related to the sources of funding and the priorities for the use of funds. According to the experience and the state of the art in Brazil, the priorities for funding must be in the characterization of the different systems and animal genetic resources, organization of information collection procedures and national databanks, training of technicians and producers and development of system to enable animal evaluation.
Reconciling supertramps, great speciators and relict species with the taxon cycle stages of a large island radiation (Aves: Campephagidae)
Authors: Pepke Michael Le , Irestedt Martin , Fjeldså Jon , Rahbek Carsten , Jønsson Knud Andreas
Published: May 2019

Aim

The taxon cycle concept provides a geographically explicit and testable set of hypotheses for exploring the evolutionary processes underlying the distribution of species in space and time. Here, we test taxon cycle predictions within a large avian island radiation, the core Campephagidae and explicitly integrate the concepts of ‘supertramps’, ‘great speciators’ and relictualization.

Location

The Indo‐Pacific, Australia, Asia and Africa.

Taxon

Corvoid passerine birds.

Methods

We constructed a new time‐calibrated molecular phylogeny of the core Campephagidae (cuckooshrikes, cicadabirds and trillers) using Bayesian phylogenetic methods. Ancestral range estimation methods and diversification rate analyses were used to explore the dispersal and diversification history of the group. We used an extensive dataset on wing morphology and range distributions to test for correlations between evolutionary age of species and dispersal capacity, diversification and distribution, while accounting for phylogenetic non‐independence.

Results

The core Campephagidae represents an ecologically homogeneous radiation distributed across the Indo‐Pacific, Australia, Southeast Asia and Africa. Its members represent a continuum of dispersal abilities; some species are widespread and undifferentiated (‘supertramps’) or show strong differentiation of local populations (‘great speciators’), and a few are endemic to single islands (relicts). We show that older species relative to younger species inhabit fewer and larger islands at higher elevations. The level of intraspecific variation measured as the number of subspecies also decreases with species age, and is highest in ‘great speciators’ with intermediate levels of dispersal abilities (as per hand‐wing index).

Main conclusions

Based on trait correlations with species age, we infer phases of range expansion and contraction over millions of years (taxon cycles), within a single monophyletic group of birds. These observations demonstrate reconciliation of the concepts of ‘supertramps’, ‘great speciators’ and relictual palaeoendemics within the temporal stages of the taxon cycle.
Down‐regulation of TFAM increases the sensitivity of tumour cells to radiation via p53/TIGAR signalling pathway
Authors: Jiang Xu , Wang Jun
Published: May 2019

Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is a key regulator of mitochondria biogenesis. Previous studies confirmed that reduced TFAM expression sensitized tumours cells to chemical therapy reagents and ionizing irradiation (IR). However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified that decreased expression of TFAM impaired the proliferation of tumour cells by inducing G1/S phase arrest and reducing the expression of E2F1, phospo‐Rb, PCNA and TK1. Furthermore, we proved that knockdown of TFAM enhanced the interaction between p53 and MDM2, resulting in decreased expression of p53 and the downstream target TIGAR, and thus leading to elevated level of mitochondrial superoxide and DNA double‐strand break (DSB) which were exacerbated when treated the cell with ionizing radiation. Those indicated that knockdown of TFAM could aggravate radiation induced DSB levels through affecting the production of mitochondria derived reactive oxygen species. Our current work proposed a new mechanism that TFAM through p53/TIGAR signalling to regulate the sensitivity of tumour cells to ionizing radiation. This indicated that TFAM might be a potential target for increasing the sensitization of cancer cells to radiotherapy.
Measuring Quality in Home Healthcare
Authors: Dick Andrew W. , Murray Meghan T. , Chastain Ashley M. , Madigan Elizabeth A. , Sorbero Mark , Stone Patricia W. , Shang Jingjing
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

Improving quality performance in home health is an increasingly high priority. The objective of this study was to examine trends in industry performance over time using three quality measures: a composite quality metric (Q index), an infection prevention measure (vaccination verification), and an outcome measure (hospital avoidance).

DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS/MEASURES

We linked Home Health Compare and Provider of Services data from 2012 to 2016, which included 39 211 observations during the 5‐year study period and 7670 agencies in 2016. The Q index was developed to allow comparability over time, equally weighting the contributions of each element. After examining summary statistics, we developed three regression models stratified by ownership (for‐profit/nonprofit agency) and included two constructs of nurse staffing, in addition to controlling for known confounders.

RESULTS

Most agencies (80.4%) were for‐profit agencies. The Q index and vaccination verification improved substantially over time, but there was no change in hospital avoidance. Ownership status was associated with all three measures (P < .001). Registered nurse staffing (relative to licensed practical nurses and home health aides) was associated with higher Q index and vaccination verification (P < .001).

CONCLUSION

The Q index allows for assessment of trends over time in home healthcare. Ownership and nurse staffing are important factors in the quality of care. The overall home care market is driven by for‐profit agencies, but their characteristics and outcomes differ from nonprofit agencies. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1859–1865, 2019
Successful use of fetoscopic laser surgery as treatment for a monochorionic‐triamniotic triplet pregnancy complicated by twin‐reversed arterial perfusion sequence and severe selective fetal growth restriction: A case report
Authors: Takano Mayumi , Nakata Masahiko , Rikitake Takayuki , Nagasaki Sumito , Hayata Eijiro , Morita Mineto
Published: May 2019

Monochorionic triplet pregnancy is a rare condition, and twin‐reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence and severe selective fetal growth restriction (FGR) are associated with high perinatal morbidity and mortality rates. We report a case of TRAP sequence and selective FGR typeIIconcurrently complicating a monochorionic triplet pregnancy. Fetoscopic laser surgery (FLS) was performed at 16 + 1 weeks of gestation and was technically successful. Inter‐fetus placental anastomoses were coagulated. The pregnancy continued until 28 + 4 weeks of gestation, when the patient presented with preterm rupture of membranes and preterm labor. Two live female newborns were delivered by a cesarean section, and their postnatal course of the neonates was uneventful and in accordance with their gestational age at birth. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of FLS resulting in favorable outcomes for a monochorionic triplet pregnancy concurrently complicated with TRAP sequence and selective FGR type II.
Guidance for the Treatment of Femoral Neck Fracture with Precise Minimally Invasive Internal Fixation Based on the Orthopaedic Surgery Robot Positioning System
Authors: Wu Xin‐bao , Wang Jun‐qiang , Sun Xu , Han Wei
Published: May 2019

Femoral neck fractures are among the most common fractures in orthopaedics. There are many surgical methods for the treatment of femoral neck fracture. Percutaneous cannulated lag screw fixation for the treatment of femoral neck fractures is favored by orthopaedic doctors because of its characteristics of being minimally invasive, with less bleeding and firm fixation. However, traditional freehand screw placement is limited by many factors, and the screw malposition rate is very high, which directly leads to the reduction of its biomechanical stability, and even leads to the ischemic necrosis of the femoral head caused by damage to blood vessels. In addition, excessive attempts to drill holes can damage cancellous bone and affect the screw's holding force, which reduces the stability of internal fixation and increases the risk of failure. At the same time, too much radiation exposure to medical personnel and patients also causes great damage to the body. Robot‐assisted orthopaedic surgery combines the mechanical “eye” (an infrared ray tracking device) and the mechanical “hand” (six degrees of freedom mechanical arm), and through the process of preoperative planning, intraoperative assistance in screw placement, and postoperative confirmation, provides a more minimally invasive and precise treatment method for this kind of surgery, and significantly reduces radiation exposure. This guide uses the TiRobot system as an example to describe the robot surgery in detail, aiming at standardizing the application of robots in orthopaedic surgery.
Intersectional Consciousness in Collective Victim Beliefs: Perceived Intragroup Differences Among Disadvantaged Groups
Authors: Nair Rashmi , Vollhardt Johanna Ray
Published: May 2019

Although our experiences are shaped by multiple social identities such as race, class, and gender, most research has focused on single‐identity groups (e.g., race). This includes research on collective victimization, which assumes that violence impacts group members uniformly. Conversely, work on intersectional consciousness examines awareness of how multiple social identities intersect and create within‐group differences. Integrating and expanding the research on intersectional consciousness and on collective victimhood, this article investigates perceived intragroup differences in experiences of victimization stemming from intersecting identities of gender and class among two disadvantaged groups in the understudied context of India. We conducted individual interviews (N = 33) and focus groups (K = 12; N = 66) among Muslims and Dalits (lower‐caste Hindus). Thematic analysis revealed that—even though ingroup cohesion (i.e., intragroup similarity) is often enhanced by external threat— people expressed awareness of intragroup differences in experiences of victimization in three distinct ways: highlighting relative privilege, engaging in competitive victimhood, or describing qualitative differences. We discuss the implications for conflict and solidarity within minority groups in the context of political developments in India, where there have been attempts to polarize intragroup divisions.
Waking the sleeping beauty: Swarovski’s open innovation journey
Authors: Dąbrowska Justyna , Lopez‐Vega Henry , Ritala Paavo
Published: May 2019

Even in today’s turbulent business environment, there are companies in many industries that have enjoyed decades of relatively undisturbed success. However, eventually, after such prolonged periods of calm, existing market positions are challenged. We describe such companies as ‘Sleeping Beauties’ and discuss how they can reinvent themselves through opening up of their boundaries and moving from compartmentalized exploitation and exploration efforts to a more dynamic ambidexterity model. We analyse Swarovski’s open innovation journey in this regard, instigated as a response to recent changes in its business environment. Our analysis of this process offers useful insights for companies struggling with similar problems.
Balancing experimentalist and hierarchical governance in European Union electricity and telecommunications regulation: A matter of degrees
Authors: Mathieu Emmanuelle , Rangoni Bernardo
Published: May 2019

While the widespread diffusion of experimentalism across sectors and polities is well documented, less is known about the extent of the shift to this non‐hierarchical form of governance, which continues to coexist with traditional hierarchical governance and involves more inclusive rulemaking and revision based on review of alternative implementation experiences. By comparing and process‐tracing electricity and telecommunications regulation in the European Union, we find diversity in experimentalism over time and across two sectors often considered similar. We explain varying degrees of experimentalism with strategic uncertainty and the constellation of preferences, which we label “de facto polyarchy.” Thus, we confirm the emphasis on uncertainty documented in the experimentalist literature, while addressing a conventional critique by also highlighting the relevance of “politics.” Moreover, while corroborating the common spread of experimentalism, we suggest that an analytical framework based on ideal types offers the best route forward to develop comparative analysis of experimentalism and non‐hierarchical forms of governance more broadly.
A document analysis of how the concept of health is incorporated in care plans when using the nursing diagnosis classification system (NANDA‐I) in relation to individuals with bipolar disorder
Authors: Rubensson Anton , Salzmann‐Erikson Martin
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Nursing diagnosis classification systems have been developed to help nurses identify problems and patient needs. However, the question of how classification systems have adopted the concept of health has been given little attention.

Aim

The aim was to explore and analyse which perspectives on health are incorporated into the NANDA‐I‐based care plans of individuals with bipolar disorder.

Methods

A document analysis was used to systematically review and analyse care plans based on nursing diagnosis classification system. Thematic analysis was used as an analytic tool. Findings: The results are presented in three themes: (i) health as strengths; (ii) health as satisfaction; and (iii) health as behaviour and functionality.

Discussion

We discuss how health is deeply embedded in nursing diagnosis classification system‐based care plans. The care plans correspond to the holistic perspective, as they acknowledge the existence of health even during illness. Further, health is viewed as nonstatic and discussed from the perspective of person‐centred care.
Epistemological and other injustices
Authors: Saegert Susan
Published: May 2019

People of color struggle within academia and in the streets for recognition, freedoms, and life itself. I write this paper in response to a real incident in my department that left me in real doubt about how scholarship, research, and the academy affect that state of affairs. I begin by trying to understand how the ways psychologists understand difference might be epistemologically unjust. Critical Social and Personality Psychology offers a clear indictment of the wrongs done by psychology to the representation of people of color and perhaps more harmfully, the remedies to their clearly disadvantaged situations. When people come together across identities to work against these distortions and harms, conflicts still arise within the alliance. That is the focus of this paper. Pragmatism proves a resource in these circumstances. It adds to Critical Social and Personality Psychology by understanding identity as not only relational but also mutable and multiple. Pragmatism emphasizes the truth claims of broad inclusion and epistemological justice as well as the moral claims. Pragmatists treat these two as inevitably intertwined. This paper explores how pragmatists of color and women address key issues of the behavior, social practices, modes of thought, and challenges of inequalities they/we face. These thinkers have observed that being dominated produces both the epistemological strengths of “double consciousness” and brute vulnerability in the struggle over material and conceptual ownership of the geographies of bodies, public spaces, homes, communities, and even nations and continents. The implications for pragmatist ways of knowing and acting are then considered.
Supporting the existence of two isolated evolutionary lineages ofGerres(Perciformes: Gerreidae) in America
Authors: García‐Rodríguez Francisco J. , Chollet‐Villalpando Jorge G. , Martínez‐Guevara Adriana , De La Cruz‐Agüero José
Published: May 2019

For many years in America, many authors have considered that theGerresgenus contained a single species, the yellowfin mojarraGerres cinereus(Walbaum, 1792); however, others have recognized two species in this genus in the Neotropics. In this study, specimens ofG. cinereus(sensulato) caught throughout its geographic range on both coasts of America were compared for the first time to analyse divergence among the sampled populations. A genetic analysis based on DNA sequences from three mitochondrial genes and one nuclear gene revealed a clear separation of two clades, one in the Pacific and one in the Atlantic. Geometric morphometric differences, based on body shape, sagittae otoliths and urohyal bone features, were significant between the two groups, including separation by an accurate classification a posteriori by a canonical variate analysis (CVA) > 82% in all data sets (overall mean >91%). Integration of the results of these approaches indicates that there is sufficient evidence to support species status forGerres simillimusRegan, 1907, and it should be considered a valid species in the neotropical Pacific.
Thermogravimetric Investigations of Novel γ–γ′ Co-Al-W and Co-Al-Mo-Nb Cobalt-Based Superalloys
Authors: Moskal Grzegorz , Migas Damian , Niemiec Dawid , Tomaszewska Agnieszka
Published: May 2019

Cobalt-based γ–γ′ superalloys are novel heat-resistant materials suitable for high-temperature applications, such as components of the turbine engine. These alloys exhibit favorable strength and corrosion resistance at high temperatures owing to the γ–γ′ microstructure, analogous to that of Ni-based superalloys. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the oxidation behavior of basic Co-9Al-9W (at%) and new tungsten-free Co-10Al-5Mo-2Nb (at%) alloys at elevated temperatures. The investigation is concerned with thermogravimetric studies in the temperature range of 40–1200 °C. The oxidized surfaces after high temperature oxidation have been characterized using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD).
Accuracy of Diesel Engine Combustion Metrics Over the Full Range of Engine Operating Conditions
Authors: Dowell Peter G. , Akehurst Sam , Burke Richard D.
Published: May 2019

Measuring and analyzing combustion is a critical part of the development of high efficiency and low emitting engines. Faced with changes in legislation such as real driving emissions (RDE) and the fundamental change in the role of the combustion engine with the introduction of hybrid-electric powertrains, it is essential that combustion analysis can be conducted accurately across the full range of operating conditions. In this work, the sensitivity of five key combustion metrics is investigated with respect to eight necessary assumptions used for single zone diesel combustion analysis. The sensitivity was evaluated over the complete operating range of the engine using a combination of experimental and modeling techniques. This provides a holistic understanding of combustion measurement accuracy. For several metrics, it was found that the sensitivity at the mid-speed/load condition was not representative of sensitivity across the full operating range, in particular at low speeds and loads. Peak heat release rate and indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) were found to be most sensitive to the determination of top dead center (TDC) and the assumption of in-cylinder gas properties. An error of 0.5 deg in the location of TDC would cause on average a 4.2% error in peak heat release rate. The ratio of specific heats had a strong impact on peak heat release with an error of 8% for using the assumption of a constant value. A novel method for determining TDC was proposed which combined a filling and emptying simulation with measured data obtained experimentally from an advanced engine test rig with external boosting system. This approach improved the robustness of the prediction of TDC which will allow engineers to measure accurate combustion data in operating conditions representative of in-service applications.
A Dynamic Three Invariant Cap-Viscoplastic Damage Model for Ultrahigh-Performance Concrete
Authors: Paliwal Bhasker , Hammi Youssef , Chandler Mei , Moser Robert D. , Horstemeyer Mark F.
Published: May 2019

A new dynamic strain rate-dependent elasto-viscoplastic damage constitutive model for ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) is developed by incorporating Duvaut–Lions viscoplasticity generalized to multisurface plasticity followed by rate-dependent dynamic damage initiation and evolution under multiaxial loading, to our previous elastoplastic damage model. The predictive capability of the proposed model is compared against experimental results and experimentally observed features from tests on Cor-Tuf concrete, a reactive powder concrete (RPC) and a proprietary UHPC developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. These experiments were conducted under various compressive loading conditions under low to high confinement and different strain rates, and model predictions demonstrate excellent agreement with these results.
A comprehensive ultrasonographic investigation of the common flexor tendon and medial epicondyle in asymptomatic individuals
Authors: Parlak Selcuk , Beşler Muhammed Said , Ozer Hamza , Baskan Bedriye , Toprak Ugur
Published: May 2019

Aim: To investigate the common flexor tendon (CFT) thickness and the frequency of ultrasound (US) pathological alterations in its structure in a healthy population and to evaluate if these findings can be correlated with dominant hand, age, gender, body mass index, workload, menopause status.Material and methods: The study population consisted of 111 healthy volunteers. Bilateral CFT thicknesses were measured at 5 mm, 10 mm and 15 mm distance to medial epicondyle. Tendon echotexture, tears, calcification, enthesophyte, and neovascularization were also evaluated.Results: The CFT was thicker on the dominant side at all three locations (2.1 versus 1.9 mm proximal, 4.0 versus 3.7 mm in the middle and 7.0 versus 6.6 mm distal, all p<0.05). Thickness correlated negatively with postmenopausal duration in all landmarks, except for the nondominant side distal part and positive with body mass index, significantly on the dominant side proximal and middle parts. A statistically significant correlation was found between heavy workers group and tendon thicknesses on the proximal and middle parts of the dominant side and the distal part of the non-dominant sides. US tendinosis was detected in 24/222 tendons, calcification in 11/222 tendons and enthesophyte in 33/222 tendons. The threshold age was 46.5 years for enthesophytes and 51.5 years for calcifications. The prevalence of calcification and enthesophyte tended to be higher in blue-collar workers and on the dominant side.Conclusions: The CFT thickness varies depending on measurement locations, handedness, body mass index, postmenopausal duration and workload. The US signs of tendinosis may be encountered in a symptom-free population. Calcification and enthesophyte tended to be more frequent in blue-collar workers.
Reactive sputter deposition of WO3 films by using two deposition methods
Authors: Yasuda Yoji , Hoshi Yoichi , Kobayashi Shin-ichi , Uchida Takayuki , Sawada Yutaka , Wang Meihan , Lei Hao
Published: May 2019

Tungsten-trioxide (WO3) films were deposited using two types of sputtering systems: a planar magnetron sputtering system and a facing-target sputtering (FTS) system. The structure and gasochromic properties of the resulting films were compared, and film uniformity and gasochromic properties were found to be significantly improved when using FTS because the incidence of high-energy negative oxygen ions on the substrate during sputtering was significantly suppressed. The authors confirmed that the deposition rate of WO3 films increased by hundreds of times with an increase of the sputtering voltage from 500 to 800 V in the FTS system, and a deposition rate above 100 nm/min was easily achieved. The authors clarified that the deposition rate of the WO3 film strongly depends on the sputtering voltage under the condition of a constant sputtering current.
Structural insights into the functional versatility of an FHA domain protein in mycobacterial signaling
Authors: Wagner Tristan , André-Leroux Gwénaëlle , Hindie Valérie , Barilone Nathalie , Lisa María-Natalia , Hoos Sylviane , Raynal Bertrand , Vulliez-Le Normand Brigitte , O’Hare Helen M. , Bellinzoni Marco , Alzari Pedro M.
Published: May 2019

The FHA domain of mycobacterial GarA mediates interactions with both phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated partners.
Helicobacter pylori Mutations Detected by Next-Generation Sequencing in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Gastric Biopsy Specimens Are Associated with Treatment Failure
Authors: Nezami Behtash G. , Jani Mehul , Alouani David , Rhoads Daniel D. , Sadri Navid
Published: May 2019

Helicobacter pylori
antibiotic resistance is widespread and increasing worldwide. Routine detection of
H. pylori
mutations that invoke antimicrobial resistance may be a useful approach to guide antimicrobial therapy and possibly avert treatment failure.
eCD4-Ig Limits HIV-1 Escape More Effectively than CD4-Ig or a Broadly Neutralizing Antibody
Authors: Fellinger Christoph H. , Gardner Matthew R. , Weber Jesse A. , Alfant Barnett , Zhou Amber S. , Farzan Michael
Published: May 2019

HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) and engineered antibody-like inhibitors have been compared for their breadths, potencies, and
in vivo
half-lives. However, a key limitation in the use of antibodies to treat an established HIV-1 infection is the rapid emergence of fully resistant viruses. Entry inhibitors of similar breadths and potencies can differ in the ease with which viral escape variants arise. Here we show that HIV-1 escape from the potent and exceptionally broad entry inhibitor eCD4-Ig is more difficult than that from CD4-Ig or the bNAb NIH45-46. Indeed, full escape was not observed under conditions under which escape from CD4-Ig or NIH45-46 was readily detected. Moreover, viruses that were partially resistant to eCD4-Ig were markedly less infective and more sensitive to antibodies in the serum of an infected person. These data suggest that eCD4-Ig will be more difficult to escape and that even partial escape will likely extract a high fitness cost.
K63-Linked Ubiquitin Is Required for Restriction of HIV-1 Reverse Transcription and Capsid Destabilization by Rhesus TRIM5α
Authors: Imam Sabrina , Kömürlü Sevnur , Mattick Jessica , Selyutina Anastasia , Talley Sarah , Eddins Amani , Diaz-Griffero Felipe , Campbell Edward M.
Published: May 2019

Although the mechanisms by which TRIM5α can induce the abortive disassembly of retroviral capsids have remained obscure, numerous studies have suggested a role for ubiquitination and cellular degradative pathways. These studies have typically relied on global perturbation of cellular degradative pathways. Here, through the use of linkage-specific deubiquitinating enzymes tethered to TRIM5α, we delineate the ubiquitin linkages which drive specific steps in restriction and degradation by TRIM5α, providing evidence for a noncanonical role for K63-linked ubiquitin in the process of retroviral restriction by TRIM5α and potentially providing insight into the mechanism of action of other TRIM family proteins.
Picornavirus RNA Recombination Counteracts Error Catastrophe
Authors: Kempf Brian J. , Watkins Colleen L. , Peersen Olve B. , Barton David J.
Published: May 2019

Positive-strand RNA viruses produce vast amounts of progeny in very short periods of time via template-dependent RNA replication mechanisms. Template-dependent RNA replication, while efficient, can be disadvantageous due to error-prone viral polymerases. The accumulation of mutations in viral RNA genomes leads to error catastrophe. In this study, we substantiate long-held theories regarding the advantages and disadvantages of asexual and sexual replication strategies among RNA viruses. In particular, we show that picornavirus RNA recombination counteracts the negative consequences of asexual template-dependent RNA replication mechanisms, namely, error catastrophe.
Оптимальное расположение источников тепла внутри областей сложной геометрической формы
Authors: Осипов Олег Васильевич , Osipov Oleg Vasil'evich , Брусенцев Александр Григорьевич , Brusentsev Alexander Grigorievich
Published: May 2019

Рассматриваются алгоритмы оптимального расположения источников тепла с объeмным тепловыделением внутри областей сложной геометрической формы. Найденное распределение обладает минимальной суммарной мощностью и обеспечивает температуру в заданном температурном коридоре. Строятся конечномерные аппроксимации исходной задачи в виде задачи линейного программирования. Приводится метод построения конечно-разностной схемы для решения уравнения теплопроводности, краткое описание разработанных программных модулей для построения расчeтных сеток и решения уравнений. С использованием разработанных программ проведено несколько вычислительных экспериментов.