bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic simulation for optimisation solution of manufacturing processes
Authors: Schindlerová Vladimíra , Šajdlerová Ivana , Lehocká Dominika
Published: December 2018

One way how to study the real behaviour of industrial processes or systems in practice is to use computer simulations. We can simulate different conditions and find optimal parameters without increased risk. The right application of these parameters in practice can produce the desired results. The advantage is not only the safe verification of various variants of the simulated parameters, but also the possibility of their use in different areas of industrial practice. This article deals with an example of the use of simulation in the production of the selected automobile cooling system component. The simulation model was created to design the correct number of Kanban circuits to shorten production lead time and to reduce inter-operational supplies. The suitability of using computer simulations to optimize the production processes and systems in practice can be confirmed based on comparison of the results from the computer simulation with results achieved in practice.
Effect of incorrect mix ratio on strength of two component adhesive Butt-Joints tested at elevated temperature
Authors: Szabelski Jakub
Published: December 2018

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the incorrect mix ratio on the strength of joints bonded with a commercial epoxy adhesive compo-sition. The performance of cold-cured as well as accelerated cured butt joints was monitored at elevated temperature conditions. The obtained data was subjected to statistical analysis to show the correlation between joint strength at high temperature and incorrect mix ratio. The degradation of adhesive material properties with increase of hardener ratio in adhesive material was observed, as well as the change in failure type from mixed type to clearly cohesive (for inadequate volume of harde-ner) or adhesive (for excessive amount of hardener). Surprisingly insufficiency of hardener doesn’t affect the strength of joint in such manner. General recommend-dation were drawn for the preparation of two-component epoxy adhesives for joints to be used in elevated temperature, particularly when uncertainty regarding the correct resin/hardener mix ratio and future research was planned.
Contribution to the determination of the thermal emissivity of the composite material using longwave infrared camera
Authors: Stalmach Ondrej , Dekys Vladimir , Barnik Frantisek , Simon Jan
Published: December 2018

This paper deals with measurement of emissivity of the composite samples. Three composite samples with the different thickness are heated to the temperature sixty-five degrees Celsius. On each sample must be applied a known emissivity coating. Unknown emissivity is calculated using the information obtained during the measurement. The aim of this paper is to show one of the possible approaches to find out the emissivity of the composite material.
Influence of Ca, Sb and heat treatment on AlSi9CuMnNi alloy in frame of their properties from view of machining
Authors: Náprstková Nataša , Kraus Pavel , Sviantek Jan , Nguyen Van Tuong
Published: December 2018

Treatment of metal alloys is one of the ways to affect the quality and properties of the material At the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, one part of the research consists of searching for the influence of various modifying and inoculating elements on selected aluminium alloys. One of the alloys undergoing the present research is the hardening aluminium alloy AlSi9CuMnNi. The article describes one from these experiments, than AlSi9CuMnNi alloy was modified with various amounts of calcium (0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 wt. % Ca) and 0.2 wt. % Sb. The alloy without modification and with 0.2 wt. % Sb was heat-treated, too. In the experiment were made three castings for each type of alloy. Experimental samples were evaluated form view of final hardness, were machined, too and there were analysed tool wear of using cutting inserts and final ship from machining (turning). Presented experiments are part of the extensive research undertaken at FME at JEPU in Ústí nad Labem.
Comparative study of flank wear, tool life and type of chips for two similar turning inserts from different producers
Authors: Šramhauser Karel , Náprstková Nataša , Kraus Pavel , Marek Martin
Published: December 2018

The article describes the analysis of the durability and lifetime of selected interchangeable cutting inserts used for turning based on the wear measurement of the cutting tool, flank wear namely. The experiment was carried out on one type of material, such as stainless steel 1.4404 according to DIN EN 10088-3. The measurements were made on two turning inserts of the same type from two different manufacturers - Sandvik coromant and Pramet tools. Evaluation of turning inserts wear was performed at four different cutting speeds. The value that was observed was the flank wear VB of the tool until the critical value was reached. Other different analysis have been performed, such as the length and shape of the chips analysis according to ISO 3685. Based on the results of the measurements, it has been found that the Pramet insert, which has a thinner layer of coating, has reached a longer life and allows heat to flow out of the cutting area. It can be considered that thinner coating can positively contribute to better machining of stainless steels, which could be helpful for machining companies. Cutting inserts wear research is realized at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem.
Soil-concrete for use in the 3D printers in the construction of buildings and structures
Authors: Iubin Petr , Zakrevskaya Lubov
Published: December 2018

Nowadays, the construction of cement composite using 3D printers is considered one of the most promising methods of automation of building processes. However, the compositions of cement composites have several disadvantages, such as high cost, short workability and etc. It has been suggested that clay soil as an additive will help to solve these problems partially. The aim of the work is development the cement compositions with clay soil, for use in 3D printers to construction. The composite consists of cement paste with clay soil and additives. To study printability of a composite the rheological properties in a fresh state were studied. The study of the rheological properties of composites was carried out using a flow table test for mortar. The key factor for determining the suitability of the composite for printing was accepted the diameter of the cone after shaking. The test results showed the possibility of replacing cement paste with clay soil up to 25% which leads to a reduction in the cost and an increase in printability with a slight decrease in the strength of the obtained material to 7%. Utilizing of soil from the construction site provides maximum economic efficiency of the material application.
Mathematical modeling of temperature fields and concrete strength during winter concreting of building structures
Authors: Mestnikov Alexey , Turantaev Gavril , Fedorov Valeriy
Published: December 2018

In this paper we present a mathematical model of a three-dimensional non-stationary temperature field for concrete that hardens in winter conditions. The developed mathematical model describes heat transfer processes basing on the differential heat equation. We also consider the classical boundary conditions of the I, II, III and IV kinds. We compiled a computer interpolation of the family of nomograms in the second order regression equation in order to calculate the relative theoretical strength of concrete after heat treatment.
Building security in the arctic region of eastern Siberia
Authors: Amelchugov Sergei , Gofman Oksana , Mitskevich Oksana S , Danilovich Elena
Published: December 2018

The article considered the process of global warming, which is mostly represented in the northern territories of Eastern Siberia. A growth of snowfall gradient and wind load gradient, resulting in building up of snowy thermal insulation layer, which prevents ground freezing, is analyzed. According to the preliminary calculations the forecast of thawing of the permafrost will completely degrade in the second part of the 21st century.

The increase of the temperature and the strength of the active layer lead to the building and structures deformation. Together with natural factors technogenic and anthropogenic factors have a great impact: effect from building operation, improper handling of pile-foundation (restricted ventilation of crawlway, no provided runoff), destruction of networks. The simulation model of climate fluctuation influence on thawing of the permafrost was developed. The melting process or correspondingly crystallization takes place during thawing/freezing of the permafrost.
Simulation of induction heating technology for the production of seamless large diameter tees
Authors: Murashov Iurii , Shestakov Vyacheslav , Skornyakov Vladimir , Savelieva Irina
Published: December 2018

The article is dedicated to nonstationary simulation of induction heating technology for the production of seamless large diameter tees. A mathematical model of induction heating process representing a multi-physical (heat transfer and electromagnetism) task for technology of tees production is developed. Numerical simulation was carried out for a flat spiral inductor. The developed model was verified according to the results of experimental studies. The hydrodynamic 3D mathematical model is developed for the design of the inductor cooling system. Optimal operating modes are determined by simulation results and confirmed by experimental data. The calculation results are presented for pipes with wall thicknesses: 15 mm, 40 mm, 60 mm, 70 mm.
Numerical simulation of DC air plasma torch modes and plasma jet instability for thermal spraying technology
Authors: Murashov Iurii , Frolov Vladimir , Korotkikh Mikhail , Ushomirskaya Ludmila
Published: December 2018

The article is dedicated to nonstationary simulation of DC air plasma torch. The mathematical model for the analysis of plasma jet instability is developed. The proposed 2D axisymmetric model demonstrates the physical processes taking place inside and in the outer region of the plasma torch. The influence of the power source parameters and anode geometry on voltage and plasma jet fluctuation is described. Simplified mathematical model is developed in order to assess the effect of the flow behavior on heat transfer processes. The developed model can be used for the design of plasma torches and their operation modes. The results of mathematical model verification are based on experimental studies.
Technological possibilities of plasma hardening
Authors: Korotkikh Mikhail , Ushomirskaya Ludmila , Shestakov Vyacheslav , Ivanov Dmitriy
Published: December 2018

The article shows the advantages of plasma hardening in comparison with other methods of surface hardening of steel products. Appropriate schemes of hardening of various products are considered and experimental data characterizing the possibility of obtaining a hardened layer of various thickness during the realization of various methods of plasma heating are presented.
Non-stationary volume-adsorption model for pumping of vacuum chambers
Authors: Rozanov Leonid , Kirillov Aleksandr
Published: December 2018

The non-stationary mathematical model of pumping of gas, located in the volume and adsorbed on the inner surface of vacuum chambers is considered. A feature of the model is the use of variation of adsorption heat with respect to the logarithm of the degree of coverage obtained from the Frendlich adsorption isotherm. The relations between pressure, gas release, heat of adsorption, the amount of adsorbed gas and the pumping time are calculated. The existence of a regular pumping mode is shown. Experimental verification of the model confirms the theoretical calculations. The model makes it possible to specify the pumping time of International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor vacuum chambers and to obtain a significant economic effect when selecting pumping means by reducing the safety factor.
Influence of compressible medium on the operation of a reciprocating compressor
Authors: Kotlov Andrey , Kuznetsov Leonid , Hrustalev Boris
Published: December 2018

A reciprocating compressor is a volumetric machine. Consequently, the motion of gas in communications always is of non-stationary or pulsating character. The diagram of oscillatory processes in communications is complex because a number of factors affect the nature of the flow: cyclical gas supply, valve dynamics, change in the flow area of pipelines, variable cylinder volume, variable piston velocity, temperature gradients, etc. The analysis of non-stationary processes in the suction stage of a household refrigeration compressor is considered. A mathematical model of the flow of real gas in the suction system of a household refrigeration piston compressor has been developed. We performed a calculation study of the motion diagram of the suction valve, gas velocities in the suction pipe and pressure changes in the suction chamber. The results of a reciprocating compressor study while compressing various gases are given. The influence of the properties of refrigerants on the operation of the compressor and the suction system is considered.
Optimization of the level of thermal insulation of enclosing structures of civil buildings
Authors: Zemitis Jurgis , Terekh Maxim
Published: December 2018

In the work, methods of an estimation of economic efficiency of additional heat insulation of building enclosing structures and definition of an optimum thermal resistance are considered, deficiencies of the given techniques are marked. A model is proposed for determining the optimal level of heat protection in the new economic conditions.
Thermal Properties of Conventional and High-strength Concrete
Authors: Musorina Tatiana , Katcay Alexsander , Petrichenko Mikhail , Selezneva Anna
Published: December 2018

Important characteristics for the Nordic countries: a freeze-thaw resistance and an ability of a material to keep heat inside the building. This paper aims to define the thermophysical properties of a high-strength concrete, compare the discovered performance with the conventional concrete properties. With this object in mind two experiments in cold chamber “CHALLENGE 250” have been conducted and followed by analysis. In these experiments, the insulation of facades is beyond the framework of the investigation. Only the thermophysical properties of concrete are taken into account. The samples were affected by temperature fluctuations. Results from the experiments show that strength characteristics of a material are in indirect ratio to accumulation properties of a structure. This conclusion is directly related to porosity of material and additives. During 70 minutes, with outside temperature being below zero, the temperature inside the concrete dropped to an average. As the outside temperature increases significantly to more than zero, the temperature inside the concrete has become below average (continued to decline) in 70 minutes. The more strength of material, the better thermophysical properties. High-strength concrete is less susceptible to temperature fluctuations, therefore more heat-resistant. As mentioned in the paper below, the material has one disadvantage: this is a large cost per cubic meter.
Measurement of currents and voltages non-sinusoidal parameters in power supply systems with rectifier load
Authors: Vanin Valery , Bulychov Alexandr , Popov Maxim , Vasilyeva Olga , Shakhova Maria
Published: December 2018

The use of frequency-controlled electric drives in industry and municipal services is accompanied by the problem of their negative impact on the distribution network. As examples, the results of measurements of power quality indices in the power supply system of an oil producing enterprise and on the supply input of a railway traction substation are given. It is shown that the voltage subgroup total harmonic distortions (THDS) can exceed their rated permitted values in 100% of the measurement time.
Simulation of the joint effect of rotor-stator interaction and circumferential temperature unevenness on losses in the turbine stage
Authors: Kortikov Nicolay
Published: December 2018

The article devotes to problems of unsteady interaction of the hot streams downstream of the combustion chamber with the rotating blades of the rotor wheel. The hot streams downstream of the combustion chamber are caused by discrete circumferentially located fuel nozzles and openings for air supply to the combustion chamber mixing zone. Unsteady interaction of the hot streams with the rotating blades of the rotor wheel leads to local redistribution of the time average gas flow temperature which has effect on the blade – “temperature segregation”.
Study of condensation at the surfaces of tube with gradient heat flux measurement
Authors: Sapozhnikov Sergey , Mityakov Vladimir , Babich Alexandr , Zainullina Elza
Published: December 2018

Gradient heat flux measurement is used for study of heat transfer during condensation of water steam at inner and outer surfaces of tube. Experimental setups allow producing experiments with minimal distortion of condensate film flow. Experiments were carried out for different directions of steam and cooling water flows and for different angles of tube inclination relative to the vertical. Heat transfer coefficients and their change along the length and perimeter of tube were measured. The obtained data allow to study formation of condensate film and parameters of film motion. The results are corresponding to classical ideas.
Energy-saving irrigation management
Authors: Andreev Sergey , Zaginaylov Vladimir , Matveev Andris
Published: December 2018

A significant part of the water resources used in agricultural production comes for irrigation. Due to the strong dependence of soil moisture on weather factors, the irrigation process must be carefully managed. To date, irrigation management is mainly carried out either as a function of soil moisture or according to a predetermined program. The article shows that both methods of management are imperfect since they can lead to a violation of agrotechnical requirements and waste of water.

In order to improve the quality of irrigation and eliminate overspending of water resources, it was proposed to manage the water in a combined way. In this case, the formation of the control action occurs according to the results of the comparison of the controlled variable and disturbing influences with the reference values. The controlled value is the soil moisture, and as disturbing influences are considered the temperature and humidity of the air, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, precipitation. In addition, the proposed irrigation management method takes into account the forecast of the synoptic services on precipitation, their intensity and duration. To obtain information on the controlled value, as well as on disturbing influences, appropriate measuring devices are used, and information on the prediction of precipitation is delivered from a specialized server via the Internet.

Before starting to use the control method, the agrotechnical requirements, the type, age and vegetation period of the plants are determined and set. The inclusion of irrigation equipment is carried out in accordance with the program and shut down - depending on the magnitude of the control signal.
Improving the efficiency of heating boiler plants by using the variable-frequency drive with different methods of heat supply regulation
Authors: Pyatin Andrey , Shempelev Aleksander , Popova Ekaterina
Published: December 2018

The aim of the work is to improve the energy efficiency of heating boiler plants by reducing the spe-cific electric energy consumption for heat supply by using the variable-frequency drive (VFD) with different methods of heat supply regulation. Hydraulic and thermal calculations of the heating net-work are performed on the example of the real district heating system. Heat network temperature charts of district heating are selected and calculated considering preservation of high quality of district heating. The description of the calculation algorithm of the research and the results of the calculation of the basic mode of district heating heat supply according to the standard temperature chart of varia-ble temperature control are given in the article. Places of installation of VFD are determined on the base of the basic mode. The results of calculation of three different methods of heat supply regulation are presented: standard heat network temperature chart of variable temperature control with using the VFD, extended heat network temperature chart of constant temperature/variable flow control, extend-ed heat network temperature chart using the VFD.
Determination of non-uniform settlements caused by decompression of soil in the excavation
Authors: Yarkin Viktor , Kukhar Anna
Published: December 2018

The article is offered refined and simplified methods for determination of non-uniform settlements caused by decompression of soil in the excavation. The results of the calculations executed taking into account the done suggestions and in the program Plaxis are presented. The results of the calculations are compared with the results of experimental observations given in the literature. The influence of the excavation parameters on the non-uniform settlements is investigated. Present a proposal for adjustment of the conditions, which require consideration of soil decompression in the excavation.
Advantages of modeling ABL properties to determine wind loads on structures
Authors: Khrapunov Evgenii , Solovev Sergei
Published: December 2018

In present paper we introduce the main advantages of modeling atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) properties for determination of mean and peak wind loads on structures. Experimental tests were carried out using wind tunnel with uniform velocity profile and new Landscape Wind tunnel (LWT) of Krylov State Research Centre. General characteristics of simulated boundary layer (such as mean velocity profile and turbulence intensity profile) are presented. For wind loads measurements model of Silsoe cube in a scale of 1:15 was used. Comparison of the data obtained at both test rigs with data published in early studies is performed. New data about aerodynamic forces acting on the model in range of angles of oncoming flow are presented. Algorithm for determination of peak wind loads is discussed.
Verification of the CFD calculation for the centrifugal compressor medium flow model stages with the help of supercomputer
Authors: Gileva Lyubov , Kartashov Sergey , Zuev Anatoliy , Ivanov Vyacheslav
Published: December 2018

The goal of this work is to develop recommendations for the calculating problem formulation of the medium flow centrifugal compressor characteristics by computational fluid dynamics methods with the assessment of the computing resources necessary costs. Calculations are made on supercomputers of SPbPU “Polytechnic” and “DeltaCluster”. The object of the research is the centrifugal compressor stage for which the flow investigation has been held in the whole passage. The calculations result comparison with the practical experiment data for the whole working characteristics are shown in this work. The leakage in the lap seals and between the disks gaps investigation work has been made. The calculation of the whole 2π flat pattern has been made and also the influence on the calculation results of the between mesh interfaces has been analyzed.
Numeric modeling and estimating the performance characteristics of a pneumatic driven high pressure pump
Authors: Zhurkin Nikita , Donskoj Anatolij , Zharkovskij Aleksandr
Published: December 2018

Pneumatic driven high pressure pumps (PDHPPs), having a number of considerable advantages in comparison to other types of high pressure pumps, are widely used in different sectors of modern industry. However, estimating the performance characteristics of a PDHPP is complicated due to the specifics of physical processes taking place during its operation. A mathematical model was developed to solve this problem. Two main operating modes are considered: for constant load and for constant volume, which cover the most common uses of the PDHPPs. The solution of the model made it possible to estimate how various parameters affect the operation of the pump. Thus, with an increasing pressure of compressed air, the volume flow grows at the pump outlet; with a higher pressure of the pumped liquid due to compressibility and a higher load on the drive cylinder, the flow, on the contrary, reduces. In case the PDHPP operates for the constant volume, the time of pressure increase grows with an increase of the required pressure and the value of this volume. The mathematical model and computational data can be used in the development of new and modification of the existing pumps.
Development, research and metrological analysis of the measuring channel of a fiber-optic sensor for fluid flow parameters used in information-measuring systems
Authors: Badeeva Elena , Shachneva Elena , Udalov Alexandr , Murashkina Tatiana
Published: December 2018

The article proposes a device for measuring parameters of liquid flows (volume and velocity) (FOSLFP). A physico-mathematical model of optical signal conversion in a fiber-optic flux transducer of the proposed sensor is developed, in which the perceiving element is a truncated cylinder mounted on the inner surface of the bellows, experiencing angular bending during measurements. The conversion of optical signals is carried out using a two-way mirror plate mounted on the outer surface of the bellows in an open fiber optical channel. A circuit-analytical model of a new variant of a differential circuit for converting optical signals to a FOSLFP was developed, in accordance with which a metrological model of the sensor was developed to determine the possible sources of measurement errors. The nominal and real functions of the FOSLFP transformation were derived, the additive and multiplicative components of the errors of the two measuring channels of the sensor and the ways to reduce them were determined.
Dynamics of diffusion jet combustion in an ejection burner
Authors: Evdokimov Oleg , Guryanov Alexander , Veretennikov Sergey , Guryanova Marina
Published: December 2018

In this work we present the results of computational and experimental studies on the burnout dynamics of diffusion gas jets in an ejection burner with a two-stage air ejection scheme. It is shown that usage of this scheme leads to an increase in the uniformity of the distribution of thermogasdynamic parameters at the burner outlet, an increase in the completeness of combustion of the fuel, and a more stable operation of the device.
Analysis of crystallographic orientation influence on thermal fatigue with delay of the single-crystal corset sample by means of thermo-elasto-visco-plastic finite-element modeling
Authors: Savikovskii Artem , Semenov Artem , Getsov Leonid
Published: December 2018

The influence of a delay time at the maximum temperature on the number of cycles before the macrocrack initiation for two thermal loading programs was investigated for single-crystal nickel-based superalloy VZhM4. An analytic approximation of a delay time influence was proposed. Comparison of the computational results and analytic formula on the basis of constitutive equations with the experimental data was performed for various single-crystal nickel-based superalloys and showed a good accuracy. The influence of crystallographic orientation of the corset sample on the thermal fatigue durability with delay times was investigated for various thermal loading programs and single-crystal nickel-based superalloys.
Comparison of technical-economic performance of traditional and innovational sprinkler extinguishing units
Authors: Zorina Kseniia , Vasilieva Maria , Babikov Igor , Tanklevskiy Anton
Published: December 2018

One of the most important tasks during construction and maintenance of buildings and compartments is a fire-safety provision of the premise. Generally, the most reliable, effective and economical method of fire safety provision is implementation of automatic extinguishing units (AEU), water-based ones in particular, which effectively protect people and material assets. The present article contains an economic evaluation of applicability of innovational AEU with electrical activation and monitoring of activation (AEU with EA and MA) in comparison with traditional AEU. Results of hydraulic calculations, the choice of a general pressure of the system, water discharge, pipeline diameter and their cost are presented.
Permissible parameters for the circulation rate of the sludge mixture in airlift reactor-clarifier with suspended layer
Authors: Nezdoiminov Viktor , Zavorotnyi Dmitrii , Rozhkov Vitalii , Deminov Pavel
Published: December 2018

Factors affecting the permissible limits of sludge mixture circulation rate are given for airlift reactor-clarifier with a suspended layer. The upper limit of the circulation rate is justified as a function of some geometric dimensions of the bioreactor and the hydraulic load on the clarifier to comply with conditions of a suspended layer existence. The lower limit of the circulation rate was obtained on the basis of two conditions: the duration of the active sludge stay in anoxic conditions and the observance of recommended rates in the construction in order to avoid the settling of active sludge. Theoretical and empirical dependences of the maximum permissible values of the circulation rate on the main geometric parameters and on productivity of the airlift reactor-clarifier are presented.
Nuclear qualification process for systems, structures and components
Authors: Gvozdev Vladislav , Kozinetc Galina
Published: December 2018

The modern NPPs (Nuclear Power Plants) are the part of the very complex and demanding sector of industry. Its complexity is based on the innovate and the high-tech technologies, engineered safety features where the specific safety functions are to be performed to ensure the nuclear safety (as part of technosphere safety) and prevent radioactivity release, which consequently lead to the possible human losses and environmental disasters. Consequently, modern technologies incorporated in the design and construction of NPP (its systems, structure and components) shall be qualified to ensure its capability to perform designated safety functions in the demanded conditions, including harsh accident environment (qualified as intended) via the specific V&V activities. Thus, Qualification should not cover only the equipment, but the all: systems, structures and components (SSC), therefore a systematic approach to its organization and planning is needed, which is not fully presented in publications nowadays. The article objective is to define the SSC Qualification and its scope of application, identify the Functional and Environmental qualification and forming of the Qualification context. Then, the article determines the V&V actions that provide Qualification evidences.
Control of air pollution caused by vehicular emissions
Authors: Gumerova Eliza , Gamayunova Olga
Published: December 2018

Dispersion of air pollutants is caused often by vehicular emissions. It is necessary to define correctly parameters, which influence on emissions. In this article analysis of the parameters and calculations of Saint-Petersburg roads are shown. According to results, measures to improve the air state are defined. Solving of this ecological problem is implementation of development programs of urban public transport, the use of fuel with improved environmental characteristics, the development of electric modes of transport, traffic management methods to increase the capacity of the road and road network in the city.
The issue on environmental assessment of air quality of residential areas near traffic flows
Authors: Germanova Tatiana , Kernozhitskaya Anna
Published: December 2018

A significant role in ensuring comfortable living conditions in the urban environment is played by the competent organization of the transport and road complex, which is aimed at ensuring road safety, reducing the load on highways for car density and improving the efficiency of traffic in the city when performing planning and technological measures. At the same time, the current state of the city’s traffic flows as sources of increased chemical pollution of the air environment requires an increase in the distance from streets and roads to residential buildings. This distance should be normalized by chemical and physical indicators of the state of atmospheric air and should be taken into account when red lines are established. In this article we analyze: functional state of the city, road network, composition and intensity of traffic flows for Tyumen. The traffic flows of the city are concentrated mainly in the central part of it. A particularly critical situation is formed at the intersections of cargo-loaded main streets at the hours of maximum traffic intensity and on the main highways of the city. We substitute the provision of regulatory requirements for the chemical pollution level at a distance from the border of the carriageway to the border of residential buildings in order to achieve sustainable urban development.
SOLPS-ITER modeling of beryllium trace impurity in ITER
Authors: Makarov Sergei , Kaveeva Elizaveta
Published: December 2018

Beryllium transport modeling was carried out in the trace impurity regime by SOLPS-ITER code for tokamak ITER. It is valuable for developing of diagnostics protection from beryllium deposition. TRIM reflection model and Bogdanskii formula sputtering model were applied. The idea is to show possibility of using this code for beryllium transport. This code has key advantage comparing to other codes, which study beryllium transport, because in it the main plasma and impurities are described self-consistently. Therefore, if beryllium affect the background plasma, only this code can take this effect into account. Test calculations were performed with suppressed sputtering yield by 10 times, to reach trace impurity regime. Main features of behavior of beryllium in the tokamak were studied, however under restriction of static wall conditions. Sources, sinks, fluxes and density distribution were determined. In this test calculation plasma state kept unchanged as expected. Distribution of impinging and absorbed fluxes on the outer divertor plate were established in the position of divertor diagnostics. Main ways for the further improvement are suggested.
Influence of heat pumps inclusion in deaeration scheme of heating network make-up water on the operating modes of the TPP
Authors: Anikina Irina , Suslov Vyacheslav
Published: December 2018

The idea of using a heat pump in the heating cycle seems quite attractive at first glance, but requires careful analysis of the effect of the heat pump on the operation mode of the thermal power plant. In this work we analyze the influence of the heat pumps inclusion in deaeration schemes of heating network make-up water on the operating modes of the CHP. All calculations were made for the real scheme of the de-aeration plant DSV-800 of the power unit with a T-100 turbine. The calculations were carried out for three schemes of heat pumps of different capacities. The calculations took into the account various uses of the heat received from the heat pumps.
Hardware base and experimental potential of a smart building prototype
Authors: Mokhireva Arina , Loginova Polina , Glebova Ekaterina , Bespalov Vladimir
Published: December 2018

The concept of a model of a building for laboratory interdisciplinary experimental research to systems of a smart house is offered. At the first stage, the principal provisions of the future experiment are determined, the core of the system is constructed and its functional capabilities are determined. As a result, the Arduino-based processor was adopted as the core of the system, a circuit was built that reads data from two sensors and outputs control signals. The principle of assembly of a layout is developed, allowing to expand a control kernel and to connect any number of modules a lot at home. The main modules of the smart house have been determined, which will be experimentally investigated first. These are energy management modules from solar and wind power plants and control of the entire power system of the house, a coordination module with the BIM model, a structural monitoring module, ventilation, air conditioning and water supply modules, a dynamic layout module, and an Internet module for things and object tracking.
Smart Concept expansion from local to city scale
Authors: Borodinecs Anatolijs , Korjakins Aleksandrs , Zajacs Aleksandrs , Iufereva Anna
Published: December 2018

Rapid urbanization leads to the cities expansion in both dimensions: horizontal and vertical. Thus causing significant increase of energy consumption and reduction of environment quality. Nowadays European Initiative on Smart Cities development becomes a very popular across the globe. The aim of this initiative is to insure sustainable city development taking into consideration quality of life and reduction of carbon emissions. Residential sector is one of biggest energy consumers and carbon emission production in Latvia. Also, city transport is a crucial carbon emission producers. In scope of this study the city development potential is analyzed. The increase of energy efficient scale is taking into consideration.
Performance improvement of Arctic tracked vehicles
Authors: Dobretsov Roman , Porshnev Gennadii , Uvakina Darya
Published: December 2018

The technical tenders aimed at improving of track-type vehicles performances are considered and substantiated, and that vehicles are the irreplaceable basis of the Arctic transport network. The questions of the improving of reliability and Energy Performance of crawler due to the application of caterpillars with modernized tracks that have a lower mass and provide less resistance to movement of the vehicle are considered. The variants of transmission modernization with the purpose of improving the quality of turn control due to the use of a split-transmission diagram with a steering based on an electric motor and other solutions are proposed. An economically expedient approach to the introduction of a hybrid power plant of a parallel-serial type based on the developed kinematic scheme of a electromechanical split-transmission is proposed. It is shown the main technical proposals can be realize based on domestic units.
Simulation of the rotary-screw vehicle motion on snow
Authors: Arlauskas Yan , Molev Yuri , Obrezkova Valentina , Naumov Valery
Published: December 2018

The article presents the determination of oscillation parameters of the rotor-screw vehicle during motion on rough terrain. The study presented the dynamics of off-road vehicle movement. The dependence of the vehicle vibration characteristics on the mover geometry and suspension parameters was found. The experiment with the vehicle was performed. Analysis of the research results allows to conclude that the use of the suspension increases speed of the rotary-screw vehicle by 1.5 - 2.5 times. The developed model and obtained results will be useful in design of all-terrain vehicles.
Optimization of parameters of alcohol fermentation of xylose-containing inedible substrates using the yeast Pachysolen Tannophilus
Authors: Bazarnova Yuliya , Bolotnikova Olga , Michailova Natalia , Pu Jing
Published: December 2018

This work presents economical and ecological advances of microbiological utilization of inedible sources of plant biomass, procedure which is associated with bioethanol obtaining. We study influence of forced aeration and initial concentration of biomass of xylose-assimilating yeast P. tannophilus Y-1532/B2 on ethanol output from various xylose-containing substrates during periodical fermentation. The highest ethanol output is observed for OTR values equal to 5.0-8.0 mMole/l×h and yeast seeding density equal to 0.25 g a.d.s./g of substrate sugars. We show the possibility for intensification of ethanol obtaining technology from xylose-containing substrates. This was made using traditional biotechnological approaches of fermentation productions by optimization parameters of forced aeration of the fermentation medium and density of P. tannophilus biomass seeding. The obtained results might be used as initial parameters for calculation of laboratory regulations of complex microbiological utilization of secondary inedible sources of plant biomass of various origin and content. Industrial implementation of this technology will allow one to increase the economical coefficient of ethanol production from secondary inedible sources of plant biomass for 59.7-96.8% due to fermentation of D-xylose.
Determinants of the surface quality, density and dimensional correctness in selective laser melting of the Ti-13Zr-13Nb alloy
Authors: Seramak Tomasz , Zasinska Katarzyna , Mesnard Michel , Bednarz Karolina , Fic Paulina , Zielinski Andrzej
Published: December 2018

Selective laser melting is widely used for custom-designed elements. Successful manufacturing depends on laser treatment parameters and material features. This research aimed to determine the effects of laser power, scan time and hatch distance on surface quality, relative density and dimensional precision for cuboids made of the Ti-13Zr-13Nb alloy. The influence of energy density, energy flux and pre-heating was seen to be decisive to different degrees for the quality of the final specimen. The results obtained were used to produce prosthetic crowns and bridges. The thermal stresses that appeared resulted in a deflection of the bridges and consequently in a change in design approach.
Recombinant α- and β-tubulin from Echinococcus granulosus: expression, purification and polymerization
Authors: Liu Congshan , Yao Jiaqing , Yin Jianhai , Xue Jian , Zhang Haobing
Published: December 2018

Echinococcosis, which causes a high disease burden and is of great public health significance, is caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus species. It has been suggested that tubulin is the target of benzimidazoles, the only drugs for the treatment of echinococcosis. This study evaluated the characteristics of tubulins from Echinococcus granulosus. The full-length cDNAs of E. granulosus α- and β-tubulin isoforms were cloned by reverse transcription PCR from protoscolex RNA. Then, these two tubulin isoforms (α9 and β4) were recombinantly expressed as insoluble inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli. Nickel affinity chromatography was used to purify and refold the contents of these inclusion bodies as active proteins. The polymerization of tubulins was monitored by UV spectrophotometry (A350) and confirmed by confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that E. granulosus 1356 bp α9-tubulin and 1332 bp β4-tubulin encode corresponding proteins of 451 and 443 amino acids. The average yields of α9- and β4-tubulin were 2.0–3.0 mg/L and 3.5–5.0 mg/L of culture, respectively. Moreover, recombinant α9- and β4-tubulin were capable of polymerizing into microtubule-like structures under appropriate conditions in vitro. These recombinant tubulins could be helpful for screening anti-Echinococcus compounds targeting the tubulins of E. granulosus.
Statistical estimation of conditional Shannon entropy
Authors: Bulinski Alexander , Kozhevin Alexey
Published: December 2018

The new estimates of the conditional Shannon entropy are introduced in the framework of the model describing a discrete response variable depending on a vector ofdfactors having a density w.r.t. the Lebesgue measure in ℝd. Namely, the mixed-pair model (X,Y) is considered whereXandYtake values in ℝdand an arbitrary finite set, respectively. Such models include, for instance, the famous logistic regression. In contrast to the well-known Kozachenko–Leonenko estimates of unconditional entropy the proposed estimates are constructed by means of the certain spacial order statistics (ork-nearest neighbor statistics wherek=kndepends on amount of observationsn) and a random number of i.i.d. observations contained in the balls of specified random radii. The asymptotic unbiasedness andL2-consistency of the new estimates are established under simple conditions. The obtained results can be applied to the feature selection problem which is important,e.g., for medical and biological investigations.
Rate optimal estimation of quadratic functionals in inverse problems with partially unknown operator and application to testing problems
Authors: Kroll Martin
Published: December 2018

We consider the estimation of quadratic functionals in a Gaussian sequence model where the eigenvalues are supposed to be unknown and accessible through noisy observations only. Imposing smoothness assumptions both on the signal and the sequence of eigenvalues, we develop a minimax theory for this problem. We propose a truncated series estimator and show that it attains the optimal rate of convergence if the truncation parameter is chosen appropriately. Consequences for testing problems in inverse problems are equally discussed: in particular, the minimax rates of testing for signal detection and goodness-of-fit testing are derived.
Der diurnale Rhythmus der Haut: Mythos oder Realität?
Authors: Ostermeier M. , Kerscher M.
Published: December 2018

Hintergrund Bisher weisen nur wenige Studien auf tageszeitabhängige Rhythmen des transepidermalen Wasserverlustes (TEWL), der Talgproduktion und des pH-Wertes hin. Detailliertere Beschreibungen des Hautbarriere-Rhythmus’ könnten für die Wahl des richtigen Zeitpunktes der dermalen Applikation von pharmazeutischen und kosmetischen Wirkstoffen von großer Bedeutung sein. Es ist denkbar, dass eine Optimierung der Wirkung oder Verträglichkeit dermatologischer Behandlungen erreicht werden kann. Somit ist es Ziel dieser Studie, den diurnalen Rhythmus der Hautbarriereparameter Hautrötung, transepidermaler Wasserverlust (TEWL), Stratum corneum-Hydratation, mechanische Eigenschaften, pH-Wert und Sebum zu erfassen.

Methoden Insgesamt 24 hautgesunde Probandinnen (21 – 39 Jahre) wurden innerhalb von 12 Stunden in einem 4-Stunden-Rhythmus an den Wangen und an der Stirn anhand biophysikalischer Messverfahren untersucht.

Ergebnisse Die Tageszeit wirkt sich auf die Barrierefunktion der Haut aus. Der mittlere Erythem-Wert ist nachmittags signifikant höher als morgens. Anhand der Datenanalyse ist zu erkennen, dass der TEWL-Mittelwert sich abends statistisch sehr signifikant gegenüber dem Mittelwert morgens unterscheidet.

Schlussfolgerung Die Erkenntnisse über die tageszeitliche Veränderung der Barrierefunktion können Aufschluss über ideale Zeitfenster verschiedener Kosmetikbehandlungen geben. Somit bietet z. B. ein erhöhter TEWL am Abend aufgrund der Permeabilität eine bessere Absorption von Wirkstoffen mit höherem Molekulargewicht.