bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perilipin-5 as a potential new biomarker in patients with liver disease and impaired De Ritis ratio
Authors: ŞAHİN İbrahim Ethem , HACIOĞLU Ceyhan , DAVRAN Fatih , ALPAY Merve
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Liver dysfunctions are one of the most prevalent and deadly diseases worldwide. The De Ritis ratio, which is obtained by proportioning serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), has been suggested to be a precious marker to assess the prognosis of liver diseases. This study was to investigate the relationship between perilipin 5 (PLIN5) levels and De Ritis ratio in patients with liver disease.

Materials and Methods: There were 3 groups: control (Group1; n=20), hepatic patients with normal De Ritis ratio (Group2; n=35) and hepatic patients with impaired De Ritis ratio (Group3; n=35). De Ritis rates of all patients were determined according to the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) results. Additionally, PLIN5 was spectrophotometrically analyzed from serum samples.

Results: There is no significant difference between the groups in terms of age and gender. PLIN5 levels increased by 2.6 and 3.8 times in Group2 and Group3, respectively. De Ritis ratio was significantly increased in the Group3 compared the control, and enhanced PLIN5 levels was correlated with De Ritis ratio in the Group3. There was a significant positive correlation between De Ritis ratio and PLIN5 levels.

Conclusion: PLIN5 levels together with De Ritis rate in liver patients may be used as a prognostic marker. Furthermore, this relationship could be a useful method in the follow-up of liver diseases.
Application of the bootstrap method to quantify uncertainty in seismic hazard estimates
Authors: Lamarre Michéle , Townshend Brent , Shah Haresh C.
Published: September 2021

This paper describes a methodology to assess the uncertainty in seismic hazard estimates at particular sites. A variant of the bootstrap statistical method is used to combine the uncertainty due to earthquake catalog incompleteness, earthquake magnitude, and recurrence and attenuation models used. The uncertainty measure is provided in the form of a confidence interval. Comparisons of this method applied to various sites in California with previous studies are used to confirm the validity of the method.
Microearthquakes at Yucca Mountain, Nevada
Authors: Brune James N. , Nicks Walter , Aburto Arturo
Published: September 2021

We operated a microearthquake array in the neighborhood of the proposed high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The array consists of four high-gain (up to 34 million), narrow band (25 Hz) telemetered stations.

Based on approximate magnitude calibration of the array we expect during quiet periods, for distances less than 15 km, complete recording of events at Yucca Mt. for M ≧ −1. We have operated the four stations for 12-hour periods overnight between August and October 1990 and intermittently afterward, until April 1991, when we began more or less continuous operation.

The pattern of microearthquake activity confirms the existence of a zone of seismic quiescence in the vicinity of proposed repository. We recorded only about 10 events with S-P times of less than 3 sec (D < 24 km). Most events had S-P times between 3 and 6.5 sec, consistent with the higher seismic activity at distances between 24 and 52 km observed by Rogers et al. (1987) and Gomberg (1991). Oliver et al. (1966) found, contrary to what has been observed by us for Yucca Mountain, that in seismically active areas most of the events had S-P times of less than 3 sec. We confirmed this expectation for four microearthquake stations near Mammoth Lakes, where we observed microearthquake rates of over 100 per day, most with S-P times of less than 3 sec. Extrapolation of seismicity data from the Southern Great Basin Seismic Network confirms the low microearthquake activity in the immediate vicinity of Yucca Mountain.
Pulse-shape distortion introduced by broadband deconvolution
Authors: Sipkin Stuart A. , Lerner-Lam Arthur L.
Published: September 2021

The availability of broadband digitally recorded seismic data has led to an increasing number of studies using data from which the instrument transfer function has been deconvolved. In most studies, it is assumed that raw ground motion is the quantity that remains after deconvolution. After deconvolving the instrument transfer function, however, seismograms are usually high-pass filtered to remove low-frequency noise caused by very long-period signals outside the frequency band of interest or instabilities in the instrument response at low frequencies. In some cases, data must also be low-pass filtered to remove high-frequency noise from various sources. Both of these operations are usually performed using either zero-phase (acausal) or minimum-phase (causal) filters. Use of these filters can lead to either bias or increased uncertainty in the results, especially when taking integral measures of the displacement pulse. We present a deconvolution method, based on Backus-Gilbert inverse theory, that regularizes the time-domain deconvolution problem and thus mitigates any low-frequency instabilities. We apply a roughening constraint that minimizes the long-period components of the deconvolved signal along with the misfit to the data, emphasizing the higher frequencies at the expense of low frequencies. Thus, the operator acts like a high-pass filter but is controlled by a trade-off parameter that depends on the ratio of the model variance to the residual variance, rather than an ad hoc selection of a filter corner frequency. The resulting deconvolved signal retains a higher fidelity to the original ground motion than that obtained using a postprocess high-pass filter and eliminates much of the bias introduced by such a filter. A smoothing operator can also be introduced that effectively applies a low-pass filter. This smoothing is useful in the presence of blue noise, or if inferences about source complexity are to be made from the roughness of the deconvolved signal.
Appraising relative earthquake location errors
Authors: Pavlis Gary L.
Published: September 2021

Earthquake location estimates suffer from two types of errors: (1) systematic offsets caused by large scale earth structure, and (2) scatter of locations of different earthquakes relative to each other. I show that relative location errors are controlled by four separate error terms: (1) scatter caused by random, measurement error; (2) nonlinear effects; (3) mislocations caused by interaction of errors in modeling travel times with variations in the number and quality of arrivals recorded by different events; and (4) mislocations caused by variations in how errors in modeling travel times vary with position inside the real Earth. The first can be handled by conventional statistical methods. The second can be bounded using a second-order approximation, provided one can provide a reasonable estimate for an upper bound on the total spatial error that might be present in the location estimate. I demonstrate that the size of each of the two error terms related to inadequate knowledge of the Earth's velocity structure can be bounded provided we can determine an upper bound on travel-time errors as a function of distance. I describe an empirical approach for determining such a bound using differences between the sum of squared residuals of earthquakes located with all available data and the same event located with a single arrival deleted. This calculation is repeated for all arrivals and used to construct an upper bound on travel-time errors as a function of distance. The concepts developed are applied to bound errors in locations of earthquakes in the Garm region of central Asia, and they demonstrate the utility of these ideas in sorting out events with minimal relative error.
Automatic seismogram analysis: Statistical phase picking and locating methods using one-station three-component data
Authors: Tarvainen Matti
Published: September 2021

Seismic events at local and regional distances are located using data from the Vaasa (VAF 63.0 °N, 22.7 °E) three-component station in western Finland. The analysis is performed off-line after pseudo on-line detections. The continuous data are first recorded on long disk loops. These loops can cover 10 days of data. The events are picked using Murdock-Hutt detector and after that they are recorded as separate files for further analysis.

The direction of approach, which estimates the polarization state of the signal, is determined by the well-established maximum likelihood method. The difference between the arrival times of P and S phases is used to estimate the distance. Phases observed up to 185 km distance from the source are assumed to be Pg and Sg and beyond that Pn and Sn. The onset times of the phases are estimated by a statistical data-adaptive method. The onsets calculated in this way are very accurate when compared with earlier methods like STA/LTA.

Epicenter locations are similar to those of FINSA network reported in Helsinki bulletins. The median of the location differences is about 50 km.
Short-period surface-wave dispersion and shallow crustal structure of central and eastern Tennessee
Authors: Yao Paul C. , Dorman James
Published: September 2021

Group velocity dispersion of explosion-generated seismic surface waves with periods ranging from 0.2 to 1.5 sec is used to investigate shallow crustal structure of eastern and central Tennessee. Several modes of both Rayleigh and Love waves can be identified and separated on the seismograms of seven SARSN regional network stations by zero-phase digital filtering. Dispersion data for sinusoidal wave motion were based on digitized zero-crossing times.

By forward modeling, we find that a wave guide of at least two layers over a half-space can adequately represent our particular multi-mode, narrow-band observations. In a layered section about 3 km thick, lower velocities characterize outcropping clastic rocks of the Cumberland plateau, and higher velocities correspond to shallow carbonate rocks of the Nashville Dome. Half-space shear velocities of about 3.9 km/sec appear to represent lower Paleozoic carbonate lithology deeper than 2 to 4 km on most of the observed paths.

Our best data, interpreted jointly with earlier data of Oliver and Ewing (1958) and of Chen et al. (1989), have a composite period range of 0.2 to 40 sec, but they represent different Appalachian paths. Group velocities over this broad spectrum are satisfied by a complex model with two low-velocity layers. The uniqueness of this model cannot be demonstrated, but it represents important hypotheses concerning regional geologic features that can be tested more rigorously by improved surface-wave dispersion data.
Comments on “Lamb's problem for fluid-saturated porous media”
Authors: Sharma M. D.
Published: September 2021

Philippacopoulos (1988) discusses axisymmetric wave propagation in a fluid-saturated porous solid half-space. The disturbance is considered to be produced by the concentrated load P0exp(iωt) acting vertically at the surface. Boundary conditions chosen imply that a vertical force acting on the surface of fluid-saturated porous solid exerts no pressure on the interstitial liquid. These boundary conditions do not seem appropriate.

In the present study, the boundary conditions have been changed in order to satisfy the concept of porosity. These are also in accordance with those discussed by Deresiewicz and Skalak (1963) for the special case of interface between liquid and liquid-saturated porous media. Analytic expressions have been derived for the displacements at the surface. The limiting case of a dry elastic solid is also deduced. Effects of intergranular energy losses due to solid phase and of dissipation due to flow of pore fluid are exhibited on the displacements at the surface. Contrary to Philippacopoulos (1988), the displacements in saturated poroelastic solids are found to be larger than those in a dry elastic solid with same Lamb's moduli.
Seismic source spectrum of microearthquakes
Authors: Iio Yoshihisa
Published: September 2021

The seismic source spectra of microearthquakes having seismic moments between 1014 and 1018 dyne cm were investigated by using local recordings from an excellent hard-rock site. The P-wave velocity near the site was estimated as about 6 km/sec, even immediately below the ground surface. The effect of anelastic attenuation was thought to be very small, since predominant frequencies of greater than 100 Hz were detected in seismograms recorded at focal distances greater 10 km. Many seismograms with S-P times of less than 0.6 sec were observed.

The first cycle of the P-wave velocity seismogram was used in this study. The waveforms after the first cycle are likely formed near the site, since their periods are exactly the same for earthquakes that have different source processes. In the high-frequency portion of the estimated displacement source spectra, the slopes of the fall-off have values much greater than 2. The source process of microearthquakes is assumed to be very slow and smooth.
Comparison of ultra-low frequency electromagnetic signals with aftershock activity during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake sequence
Authors: Fenoglio M. A. , Fraser-Smith A. C. , Beroza G. C. , Johnston M. J. S.
Published: September 2021

Ultra-low frequency (0.01 to 10.0 Hz) magnetic field fluctuations near the epicenter of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake rose sharply immediately before the earthquake following indications of increased disturbance during the previous 12 days. The magnetic activity remained much higher than the pre-earthquake background level for 6 weeks following the mainshock. These observations suggest a causal relationship between the earthquake failure process and the magnetic signals. A search for similar precursory electromagnetic signals associated with aftershocks of this earthquake yields negative results. Specifically, no correlation appears to exist between the amplitude of the electromagnetic activity and the frequency or magnitude of aftershocks following the mainshock. Either a “threshold” earthquake magnitude larger, in this case, than ML 5.5, may be necessary to generate precursory electromagnetic signals or the continued generation of magnetic signals related to the mainshock may have masked signals generated by the larger aftershocks.
Modeling teleseismicP-wave propagation in the upper mantle using a parabolic approximation
Authors: Bostock M. G. , VanDecar J. C. , Snieder R. K.
Published: September 2021

Teleseismic waves propagating in the upper mantle are subject to considerable distortion due to the effects of laterally heterogeneous structure. The magnitude and scale of velocity contrasts representative of features such as subducted slabs may be such that wave diffraction becomes an important process. In this case forward modeling methods based on high-frequency asymptotic approximations to the wave equation will not accurately describe the wavefield. A method is introduced to model the propagation of teleseismic P waves in a laterally heterogeneous upper mantle that accounts for distortion of the initial portion of the wavefield including the effects of multipathing and frequency-dependent diffraction. The method is based on a parabolic approximation to the wave equation that is solved in the time domain on a finite-difference grid which mimics the expected pattern of energy flow in a reference velocity field. Numerical examples for a simple two-dimensional subducting slab model demonstrate the application of the method and illustrate the effects of multipathing and diffraction which dominate waveform distortion at high and low frequencies, respectively.
Effects of viscoelasticity on seismic wave propagation in fault zones, near-surface sediments, and inclusions
Authors: Kang Ik Bum , McMechan George A.
Published: September 2021

By defining anelastic effects through the superposition of relaxation mechanisms, and incorporating them into the wave equation in terms of memory variables, the time-domain computation of responses of viscoelastic media with arbitrary spatial variations is feasible. This approach is applied to simulation of the effects of realistic distribution of compressional and shear wave quality factors (Qp and Qs) in a sequence of viscoelastic models of increasing complexity from a homogeneous medium, to a fault zone, a near-surface attenuating zone, and inclusions with anomalous Qp and Qs values. Comparisons of elastic and viscoelastic responses for both surface and borehole recordings show pronounced Q-dependent attenuation; analysis of data from viscoelastic media using elastic, rather than a viscoelastic, model may result in misleading or erroneous interpretations.
Azimuth estimation capabilities of the ARCESS regional seismic array
Authors: Carr Dorthe B.
Published: September 2021

The effect of local geology and noise conditions on the performance of a small regional array is investigated by comparing the regional Pn backazimuth estimation capabilities of the ARCESS array in northern Norway to the NORESS array. A broadband frequency-wavenumber estimator was used to calculate backazimuths from the Pn arrival for each of 203 regional events recorded at ARCESS while varying element spacing, frequency band, and time window. Most of the errors in backazimuth are less than 20° when appropriate parameter combinations are used, and mean backazimuth errors are close to zero. The best results are obtained using a 13-element configuration that has a 1.4 km aperture and a maximum station spacing of about 600 m. With the 13-element configuration and the data filtered to include frequencies between 3 and 10 Hz, the mean errors for the 203 event data set are less than 0.9°, and S.D. are as small as 16.9°. There are differences seen in the backazimuth estimation capabilities of ARCESS and NORESS with specific parameter combinations. The larger aperture configurations (10- and 17-elements) have smaller means at ARCESS, although the precision is about the same. The estimates using unfiltered data at ARCESS are poor, because of local noise conditions that increase the level of background noise at low frequencies. Overall the precision is better at NORESS, but both regional arrays have the best results using the 13-element configuration and filtering the data in the middle frequency range (3 to 10 Hz). Other factors investigated include SNR and source region. Backazimuth estimation statistics improve if only events with 5 dB of SNR are included in the data set at both ARCESS and NORESS. The mean errors move closer to zero and standard deviations decrease. The differences between the two arrays are not as pronounced. There are some path effects from different source regions around the ARCESS array. However, combinations of small aperture configurations and middle (3 to 10 Hz) frequency bands work well for events over the entire distance range of 30 to 1200 km. ARCESS and NORESS have similar backazimuth estimation capabilities even though there are differences in the local geology and noise conditions. Because a 13-element configuration produces reliable results for both arrays, it would be reasonable to reduce the number of elements in a regional array. This in turn will reduce the costs associated with building and deploying small regional arrays.
Theory of scattered P- and S-wave energy in a random isotropic scattering medium
Authors: Zeng Yuehua
Published: September 2021

A new theory is presented to study the scattered elastic wave energy propagation in a random isotropic scattering medium. It is based on a scattered elastic wave energy equation that extends the work of Zeng et al. (1991) on multiple scattering by considering S to P and P to S wave scattering conversions. We obtain a complete solution of the scattered elastic wave energy equation by solving the equation in the frequency/wave-number domain. Using a discrete wave-number sum technique combined with a modified repeated averaging and the FFT method, we compute numerically the complete solution. By considering that the scattering conversion from P- to S-wave energy is about (α/β)4 times greater than that from S to P waves (Aki, 1992), we found that the P-wave scattering field was converted quickly to the S-wave scattering field, leading to the conclusion that coda waves generated from both P- and S-wave sources are actually dominated by scattered S waves. We also compared our result with that obtained under the acoustic wave assumption. The acoustic wave assumption for seismic coda works quite well for the scattered S-wave field but fails for the scattered P-wave field. Our scattered elastic wave energy equation provides a theoretical foundation for studying the scattered wave field generated by a P-wave source such as an explosion. The scattered elastic wave energy equation can be easily generalized to an inhomogeneous random scattering medium by considering variable scattering and absorption coefficients and elastic wave velocities in the earth.
Scattering of elastic waves near an explosion
Authors: Leavy Donald
Published: September 2021

We use the method of small perturbation to study the scattered waves generated by an arbitrary 3D inhomogeneous medium around a spherically symmetric compressional source. We consider two models of the medium inside the source: a homogeneous solid and a fluid. The results from these two models differ only when scattering occurs within a few source's radii from the explosion. We find that there is a simple relation between the structure of the first order scattered waves and the structure of the medium, namely that a given harmonic of the medium parameters excites only the same harmonic of the two spheroidal potentials. When scattering occurs within a wavelength from the source, we find that the quadrantal terms in the spherical harmonic decomposition of the field have the lowest frequency dependence. They depend on frequency only through the spectrum of the source. Thus, in the far field, the dominant scattered waves generated near an explosion are similar to the primary waves generated by an earthquake. However, when the displacement field is observed in the near field of the explosion, the static solution reveals that a complete set of harmonics may be required to properly account for the displacement field. We compare the perturbation solution with the exact solution of the scattering by a sphere located within a wavelength from the source. This suggests that the perturbation solution has a fairly wide domain of practical applicability. We attempt to apply these results to the Love wave generated near the Boxcar nuclear explosion.
Spectra of quarry blasts and microearthquakes recorded at local distances in Israel
Authors: Gitterman Yefim , Eck Torild van
Published: September 2021

In northern Israel, quarry blasts and microearthquakes occur in a region with complicated tectonics. Therefore correct event identification, preferably based on a simple method that can be applied on a routine basis, is essential for accurate and detailed seismotectonic studies. Spectral analysis of quarry blasts and microearthquakes recorded at local distances (5 < Δ < 2000 km) by stations of the Israel Seismograph Network revealed spectral characteristics in the frequency range less than 12.5 Hz that can be used routinely for event identification. Most quarry blasts in northern Israel are ripple-fired, open pit blasts, consequently we chose an event discrimination method based on the recognition of ripple-firing patterns in the signal. A simple model for ripple firing parameters, based on interference theory of linear systems and including random effects, predicts spectral minima at low frequencies identical for different seismic phases. We compared the spectra of complete seismogram signals of 52 events recorded by the ISN at different distances and azimuths, including both microearthquakes and quarry blasts in a selected region of northern Israel. Consistent spectral modulation was found in a band from about 2 to 8 Hz for 18 of 21 reliably identified, i.e., reported, quarry blasts with time delays of 20 to 40 msec. The spectral minima frequencies correspond to those predicted by the theory.
Distance dependence ofMsand calibrating function for 20 second Rayleigh waves
Authors: Herak Marijan , Herak Davorka
Published: September 2021

The study of 5514 Ms readings reported to the International Seismological Center and U.S. Geological Survey revealed that Ms values as obtained by the Moscow-Prague formula are significantly distance dependent. Average relative errors of over 0.5 magnitude units are made when using amplitude readings from very near and very distant stations. The new calibrating function for 20 sec Rayleigh waves is proposed in which the amplitudes decrease as distance+1.094, which agrees with results of theoretical studies.
Modern Dance As an American Alternative to Classical Ballet
Authors:   Russian State Social University, Taranda G.L.
Published: September 2021

the article analyzes the features of the American modern dance, which formed in the first half of the 20th century as an alternative to the classical ballet of the United States, which had Russian roots. In the article there were formulated both the artistic and aesthetic principles of modern dance and the historical and cultural prerequisites for the formation of the US national choreographic school. The work uses theoretical methods: visual and text analysis of choreographic works and music for performances, comparison of the means of plastic expressiveness, movements and figures of classical ballet and modern dance, the principles of stage development of artistic images of performances. The basis of the empirical study was a generalization of the practical experience of staging performances by leading American dancers of the 20th century. According to the results of the study, it is noted that the features of modern dance are opposite to the classical ballet of the United States, testify to the desire of Americans to illuminate the problems of modern time and convey the unique national features of US culture, using elements of African or Indian dances, as well as movements that are not characteristic of classical ballet, but reflect the spirit of our time. The materials of the article have theoretical and practical value for specialists dealing with the problems of culture and art of the 20th century, including modern choreography
Genesis and Transformation of Platform 1.0. in the Context of Social Work
Authors:   Russian State Social University, Firsov M.V. , Chernikova A.A. ,   Institute for Demographic Research of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: September 2021

the articles analyses the platforms genesis and transformation against the background of globalization, as well as the changes in the sociopathogenic space of self-care. Depending on the socioeconomic and sociocultural conditions, the evolution of the sociopathogenic platform 1.0 transformations is shown, starting from early Christian help to the 1980s. This concept was realized at the level of public administration, practice, in the development of the education system, and in the design of scientific approaches to the theory of social work until the end of the 20th century
Features of Coping Professional Behavior of Social Workers Providing Assistance to Clients During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Russian State Social University, Polyakova O.B. ,   Open Humanitarian and Economic University
Published: September 2021

the features of coping professional behavior of social workers who provide assistance to clients in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic have been identified – above the average degree of building interpersonal interaction (models of prosocial coping nature of activity, maintaining loyalty and contact with colleagues and clients, establishing positive mutual relationships of a personal plan); design and problem solving (analytical approach to problem solving, voluntary problem-focused efforts to change stressful situations); seeking social support (a prosocial model of coping behavior, efforts to find effective, informational, material and emotional support and help from colleagues and clients); self-control (efforts to self-regulate actions and feelings). It was found that the higher the search for social support, positive revaluation and acceptance of responsibility, the higher the building of interpersonal interaction, prudent coping behaviors and acceptance of responsibility and problem solving. It has been proven that the higher the search for social support, positive reappraisal and problem solving, the lower are aggressive and manipulative actions, assertiveness and problem avoidance
La Ciudad Jardín coruñesa: textos para un centenario
Authors: Río Vázquez Antonio S.
Published: September 2021

Con la premisa de urbanizar el campo y ruralizar la ciudad, la alternativa urbana de la ciudad jardín se extendió por toda Europa en las primeras décadas del siglo veinte, introduciéndose en Galicia a partir del año 1914. Entre todos los casos construidos destaca la Ciudad Jardín coruñesa, proyectada en 1921. Limitada por un anillo o paseo de ronda, la propuesta englobaba desde sus inicios la función residencial, siguiendo los principios de la ciudad jardín enunciada por Ebenezer Howard, pero también la función equipamental, incorporando los espacios de ocio, de deporte y educativos que demandaba entonces la urbe herculina, pudiéndose decir que es a la vez una ciudad jardín residencial, una ciudad jardín escolar y una ciudad jardín deportiva. De la ciudad residencial se encargó inicialmente el arquitecto Eduardo Rodríguez-Losada Rebellón y en su construcción participaron con él los mejores arquitectos gallegos de su tiempo, como Rafael González Villar o Santiago Rey Pedreira. De la ciudad escolar se encargó Antonio Tenreiro Rodríguez, en su doble condición de arquitecto municipal y técnico del Ministerio de Educación, a partir del año 1935. Su arquitectura racional cristaliza en obras maestras como la Escuela Normal. De la ciudad deportiva se encargó Santiago Rey Pedreira, ocupando la zona central del conjunto. Su elemento principal era el Estadio Municipal, que fue completando después con otras obras emblemáticas como el Palacio de Deportes del mismo arquitecto. Lugar para vivir, lugar para aprender y lugar para el disfrute y el deporte: una Ciudad Jardín plural que constituye la principal aportación coruñesa a la arquitectura y el urbanismo de la Galicia de su tiempo. En la celebración de su centenario, y dentro de las actividades de la Semana de la Arquitectura 2021, el Grupo de Investigación en Historia de la Arquitectura de la Universidade da Coruña ha querido dedicarle esta publicación reuniendo doce aportaciones que analizan diferentes aspectos de la arquitectura de la Ciudad Jardín coruñesa, en sus múltiples escalas y desde sus orígenes hasta la contemporaneidad.
Implementación de un sistema de detección de flavivirus en mosquitos
Authors: Cardozo Fátima , Rojas Alejandra , Bernal Cynthia , Ferreira Luis , Díaz Adrián , Páez Malvina , Guillén Yvalena , Contigiani Marta , Mendoza Laura
Published: September 2021

Los Flavivirus constituyen virus transmitidos por artrópodos, principalmente mosquitos. Pueden producir enfermedades en humanos y animales, también incluyen virus específicos de insectos que solo infectan y se replican en los insectos, no así en vertebrados. En Paraguay los virus dengue, fiebre amarilla y Zika fueron detectados en infecciones humanas, pero los estudios de flavivirus en mosquitos son aún escasos. Por ello, el objetivo del presente estudio fue implementar un sistema de detección de flavivirus en mosquitos en el IICS-UNA. Primero, se organizaron capacitaciones en colecta, preparación de pools y procesamiento por técnicas de RT-PCRs convencionales realizadas por expertos internacionales a profesionales locales (bioquímicos y biólogos). Además, se implementaron planillas de registro de datos y de control de transporte de muestras de los lugares de colectas hasta el IICS-UNA. Se prepararon en total 201 pools de 1 a 35 mosquitos cada uno agrupados por especie, localidad, entre otros criterios. Para asegurar la integridad del RNA extraído se realizó la detección de un control interno (Actina-1), siendo todos los pools positivos para el mismo, 91/201 pools fueron positivos para flavivirus. Se realizó la secuenciación de 19/91 pools positivos para flavivirus identificándose flavivirus de insectos (detectándose principalmente Culex Flavivirus, cell fusing agents Flavivirus y Kamiti river virus), evidenciando la elevada distribución de estos virus. Estos resultados demuestran que fue factible implementar el sistema de detección de flavivirus en mosquitos, lo cual podría contribuir a fortalecer la vigilancia y control de estas virosis, así como el conocimiento sobre la importancia ecológica de flavivirus de insectos.
Detección de papilomavirus humano en mucosa oral en hombres con verrugas anogenitales
Authors: Medina Marcelo Gabriel , Marinic Karina , Medina Myriam Lucrecia , Sorrentino Alicia , Giménez Manuel Fernando , Merino Luis Antonio
Published: September 2021

El virus del papiloma humano (HPV) es el agente etiológico de infecciones de transmisión sexual relacionadas con procesos oncogénicos genitales y orales. La biología molecular, mediante la identificación de los tipos virales involucrados, proporciona precisión diagnóstica con un enfoque epidemiológico. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la presencia de HPV en la mucosa oral de hombres con verrugas anogenitales y correlacionar los genotipos detectados en ambas muestras. Se estudiaron 26 pacientes varones con verrugas anogenitales que acudieron al Instituto de Dermatología de la ciudad de Resistencia (Argentina). La presencia de HPV en muestras orales y anogenitales se estudió mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) y la genotipificación se realizó mediante PCR-RFLP. La prevalencia de HPV oral en pacientes con HPV anogenital fue del 46,2% (12/26). Se encontraron dieciocho genotipos con alto riesgo oncogénico en muestras orales de pacientes con infecciones únicas o múltiples y el tipo 16 fue el más frecuente (6 pacientes). Catorce genotipos en muestras orales fueron de bajo riesgo oncogénico, el más frecuente fue el tipo 6 (10 pacientes). En muestras anogenitales el genotipo 6 fue el más frecuente (13 pacientes), solo o en coinfección. Se encontró una alta prevalencia de HPV oral de malignidad de alto grado en nuestra población y coinfección con tipos oncogénicos. Las prácticas de sexo oral fueron la principal conducta de riesgo para la infección, lo que quedó demostrado por el hallazgo simultáneo del mismo tipo de HPV en muestras orales y anogenitales.
Determinantes sociales de la mortalidad infantil reducible en departamentos del noroeste argentino entre los años 2010 y 2014
Authors: Bertone Carola Leticia , Andrada Marcos Javier , Torres Víctor Eduardo
Published: September 2021

Este artículo compara los determinantes sociales de la salud (DSS) entre los departamentos del Noroeste Argentino que poseen alto riesgo de mortalidad infantil neonatal o pos-neonatal reducible y el resto de ellos, entre los años 2010 y 2014. El análisis de las condiciones socioeconómicas y su vínculo con la mortalidad infantil aporta conocimiento necesario respecto a la importancia de la consideración del entorno de las poblaciones y resulta imprescindible para formular políticas públicas adecuadas. Se propone un estudio ecológico con datos censales de 2010 y estadísticas vitales. Se identifican los departamentos de alto riesgo de muerte mediante el software libre SaTScan. Luego, se realiza una prueba T de comparación de medias para muestras independientes. De esta forma, se identificaron mayores deficiencias en los DSS de las zonas con alto riesgo.
Características clínicas, demográficas y acceso a los productos sin gluten de pacientes con enfermedad celíaca registrados en la FUPACEL
Authors: Román-Giménez Karina Gisselle , Cuevas-Duarte Elsi Fiorella , Acosta Sanchez Lilian , Samudio Margarita
Published: September 2021

La enfermedad celíaca (EC) es una enfermedad inflamatoria autoinmune que afecta la mucosa del intestino delgado que lleva a un estado de mal absorción en pacientes genéticamente susceptibles desencadenada por la ingesta de gluten. Tiene síntomas inespecíficos, complicaciones asociadas y no existe a nivel nacional una ley de apoyo económico para las personas con dificultad para seguir una dieta libre de gluten. El objetivo de este estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal fue describir las características clínicas, demográficas y acceso a productos sin gluten de 237 pacientes con enfermedad celíaca registrados en la Fundación Paraguaya de Celiacos (FUPACEL) en el 2020 y que aceptaron responder una encuesta en línea publicada en la página oficial de la FUPACEL. El 70,4% de los participantes era del sexo femenino, la edad de diagnóstico fue en el 34,5% entre 20-30 años, 48 % tenía algún familiar con EC, el 69,1% presentó distensión abdominal como sintomatología inicial, 16,8% presentó hipotiroidismo como patología asociada, y 42% fue hospitalizado al menos una vez. El 82,7% de los encuestados respondió que la dieta era suficiente como tratamiento, 48% tenía un trabajo y podía solventar los gastos, sin embargo, el 79,3% opinó tener acceso limitado a los productos sin gluten, el 92% que los alimentos sin gluten eran costosos y que se necesitaba una ley de apoyo económico para solventar los gastos. La mayoría reconoció que la dieta sin gluten como tratamiento era suficiente, sin embargo, por su alto costo se necesita una ley de apoyo económico para las personas con enfermedad celiaca.
A comparative study of effect of epidermal growth factor on chronic leg ulcers with anti-septic dressing
Authors: M. Mallikarjuna Reddy , Sirigireddy Vijayabhaskarreddy
Published: September 2021

Background: Chronic wounds, particularly non-healing wounds, are one of the most prevalent surgical disorders that a surgeon may see. The characteristic of a chronic wound is that it does not heal despite daily dressings and costly local treatments. Aims of the study to investigate the healing effects of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) on non-healing ulcers and to assess the effectiveness, acceptability, and safety of a new epidermal growth factor (EGF) wound dressing.Methods: On 60 patients with chronic non-healing ulcers, a randomized, prospective, and comparative research was conducted in the department of general surgery, SVS medical college and hospital, Mahbubnagar. These 60 patients were separated into two groups, each with fifteen patients. The EGF was applied to group A, whereas normal saline was given to group B.Results: The 60 patients who agreed to participate in the trial were separated into two groups (30 each) that were equal and comparable. Patients who received topical EGF 0.01% gel dressings were assigned to the trial, whereas those who received standard antiseptic wound dressing were assigned to the control group. Six of the fifteen patients in the test group were men, whereas eleven were males and four were females in the control group. When the two groups were compared, the test group had a substantial reduction in ulcer area compared to the control group (p<0.001)Conclusions: EGF is a superior alternative for treating chronic non-healing ulcers because of its cost effectiveness, availability, reduced hospital stay, and simplicity of administration.
Axillary crystallizing galactocele masqueradingmalignancy:A rare case report andreview of literature
Authors: Raj Swati , Baunihiyal Abhishek , Shah Shalini , Thapliyal Naveen
Published: September 2021

Galactocele are the most common benign lesion in lactating breast, whereas crystallizing galactocele are the rare variant. Axillary crystallizing galactocele are extremely rare to see , most commonly occur due to wrong breastfeeding technique. FNAC smear shows variety of crystals along with cysteine like crystals in a background of granular amorphous material or lipid micelles.
Histomorphological study of colonoscopic biopsies in patients presenting with chronic diarrhea
Authors: R Kabbur Radha , K Vidya , Reddy K Manasa
Published: September 2021

: Colonoscopic biopsy is an important tool in the diagnosis of large bowel diseases affected by a wide range of conditions both non neoplastic and neoplastic which can present with chronic diarrhea. The causes for chronic diarrhoea vary depending on socio-economic factors, hygienic practices. Studies exploring the causes of chronic diarrhea in developing countries are few, with no generalized uniformity. With this background information the present study is planned to know various causes of chronic diarrhea by histopathological study.

To assess the histopathological findings among colonoscopic biopsies in patients undergoing work up for chronic diarrhea and to deternine the sex and age incidence in major causes

: A total of 100 colonoscopic biopsies from the patients suffering from chronic diarrhea were obtained from the Department of Medical Gastroenterology and received in the Department of Pathology, VIMS & RC Bangalore from January 2014 to January 2015 were studied.

: In the present study 100 colonoscopic biopsies were studied with a mean age of 45 years and male to female ratio of 3.3:1. Out of 100 cases, 92 cases were non-neoplastic lesions, 3 cases were benign and 5 cases were malignant lesions. Among 92 cases, majority of them were inflammatory lesions accounting to 85 cases (92.4%), 4 (4.3%) cases were polypoid lesions. The inflammatory bowel disease were more commonly seen in 31-40 years with the male preponderance.

: Colonoscopy biopsy is a useful investigation to be carried out in patients with chronic diarrhea for proper diagnosis and treatment. It has a role in diagnosis, follow up and treatment, especially in cases of inflammatory bowel disease and malignancies. It is the gold standard for cancer surveillance.
Adult spindle cell/ sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma of the buccal maxillary gingiva: Unique entity, a rare case report
Authors: Chopra Shikha , Jindal Richa , Joseph Molly , Gupta Bhumika , Lakhiani Lipakshi , Kaur Kuldeep
Published: September 2021

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal cells, which shows varying degrees of striated muscle cell differentiation. It predominantly occurs in children while rarely found in adults. Involvement of the oral cavity accounts for only 10-12% of all head and neck cases. Herewith, we report a rare case of oral spindle cell / sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma in a 47-year-old male presented with a small mass involving the gingiva of right upper incisor. The mass was excised with a preoperative diagnosis of gingival epulis and subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical examination which confirmed it to be spindle cell / sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma. Data regarding its clinical course, genetic abnormalities and prognosis as a combined subtype is scant.
Dirofilariasis in humans presenting as a subcutaneous nodule
Authors: MS Srikousthubha , AS Mohandas
Published: September 2021

Human dirofilariasis is an uncommon zoonotic roundworm infection caused by worms belonging to dirofilaria species transmitted by zoo -anthropophilic blood sucking insects which is known to manifest as ocular infection or as a subcutaneous nodule usually in the upper part of the body. We present a case report of subcutaneous dirofilariasis in the left temporal region besides the eye brow in a 65yr old female, clinically diagnosed as epidermal cyst. Gross and histopathological evaluation revealed the presence of an adult worm with granulomatous inflammatory reaction.
NDC Invest Annual Overview 2020
Authors: Fazekas Andreas , Nuñez Castillo Scarleth
Published: September 2021

NDC INVEST is an IDB Group platform offering financial solutions and technical support to help build national goals and transform them into attainable plans that generate prosperous, resilient, and carbon neutral economies. Throughout the years closely supporting LAC countries, NDC INVEST has gained valuable experience and knowledge in designing and implementing concrete actions that lead to long-term climate resilience and net-zero emissions by 2050. In 2020, NDC INVEST confirmed its key role in successfully translating national climate commitments into physical and beneficial economic plans and transformational development projects. 331 initiatives have been supported in IDB Group regional member states through the IDB sovereign window, IDB Invest and IDB Lab. This publication highlights the successful work of NDC Invest in i.) developing relevant knowledge and building national capacities for long-term strategies (LTS), ii.) supporting countries in creating ambitious climate goals and NDCs, and iii.) implementing LTS and NDCs through financial strategies and investment plans.
Political Determinants of Public-Private Partnerships
Authors: Prats Joan , Harris Helen , Pérez Juan Andrés
Published: September 2021

During the last three decades, Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) have emerged as a new contractual arrangement to provide infrastructure investment and services. Examining the evolution of PPPs contracts in emerging countries, this paper analyses the role played by political institutions and partisanship showing that: (i) PPPs are more used when governmental and legislative transaction costs increase; and (ii) political partisanship does not explain the use and consolidation of PPPs as a contractual arrangement. The paper also confirms the relevance of macroeconomic and institutional quality variability variables found in previous literature and sheds new light regarding the political economy of PPPs, especially on how political governance structures shape incentives for using PPPs as a contractual mechanism.
Convergencia estadística en medida para sucesiones triples de funciones con valores difusos
Authors: Granados Carlos
Published: September 2021

En este artículo, definimos y extendemos las nociones de dos tipos de convergencia en medida, estos son interna y externa estadística convergencia para sucesiones triples de funciones medibles con valores difusos. Además, mostramos que ambas sucesiones son equivalentes en un espacio de medida finita. Adicionalmente, definimos y estudiamos la noción de estadística convergencia en medida para sucesiones triples de funciones medibles con valores difusos. En adición, mostramos y probamos la versión estadística del teorema de Egorov para sucesiones triples de funciones con valores difusos sobre un espacio de medida finita.
Densidad electrónica en regiones H II gigantes
Authors: Caicedo Ortiz Hernando Efrain , Castañeda-Fernández Hector Osvaldo
Published: September 2021

Se estudió la densidad electrónica a escala global y punto a punto de las regiones H II gigantes Hubble V y Hubble X, localizadas en la galaxia NGC 6822, utilizando espectroscopia de rendija larga en el espectro visible. Los resultados obtenidos presentan por primera vez una medida de la variación espacial de la densidad electrónica de estas dos regiones H II gigantes, demostrando que poseen un comportamiento no homogéneo en su densidad a nivel local así como un régimen de baja densidad a nivel global y comprobando que la temperatura electrónica tienen una baja incidencia en su determinación.