bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sponsored multicentric clinical research conducted in Brazil in the respiratory area - losses and gains
Authors: Carvalho Andréa Kelly da Silveira , Nascimento Oliver Augusto , Fonseca Marcelo Cunio Machado , Pereira Eanes Delgado Barros , Jardim José Roberto
Published: May 2016

Summary Objective: To evaluate the sponsored centers for clinical trial in the respiratory care setting in Brazil: profile; logistics and structure. Methods: Principal investigators (29) and subinvestigators (30) of 39 research centers completed the questionnaires that addressed personal identification and training of researchers, the centers' facilities and advantages and/or disadvantages of performing sponsored trials. Results: 75.6% of the centers were located in southern and southeastern Brazil. Most principal investigators were men with a mean age of 53.4 years. The clinical trials in the respiratory care setting focus on asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonar disease (COPD). 80% of the researchers cited delay of the Conep and Anvisa as a barrier to performing research. The advantages of participating in clinical trials were updating knowledge of the researcher and the team, and additional income for the team. The main disadvantages mentioned by the researchers included low financial compensation for the performed workload, and time availability. The median number of professionals per research center was six people, predominantly physicians. Conclusion: The number of research centers in the respiratory care setting in Brazil is still relatively small. The teams have good training for performing the clinical trials. Asthma and COPD are the most studied diseases in sponsored clinical trials. The main barrier is delay by the Conep and Anvisa. The factors that lead investigators to participate range from being updated along with the team, to site and staff financial issues; the main disadvantage is the low compensation for the required workload demand.
Air pollutants and hospital admission due to pneumonia in children: a time series analysis
Authors: Souza Laís Salgado Vieira de , Nascimento Luiz Fernando Costa
Published: May 2016

Summary Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the association between expo sure to air pollutants and hospitalization for pneumonia among children in a medium-sized city located in the sugar cane plantation region of São Paulo State. Methods: An ecological time-series study was conducted with daily data of hospi talization for pneumonia including children aged 10 years or younger living in Ar araquara, state of São Paulo, from January 1st, 2010, to November 30th, 2012. To es timate the association between hospitalization due to pneumonia and particulate pollutants with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 µm, nitrogen dioxide and ozone, relative risks for hospitalization according to a generalized additive model of Pois son regression, with Lags of up to five days, were calculated. A percentage increase (PI) was obtained for relative risk (IRR - increase on relative risk) of hospitalization at each 10 µg/m3 increment in each air pollutants adjusted for the remaining. Results: A total of 234 hospitalizations were recorded during these three years. There was a strong association between hospitalization and PM10 and NO2. The PI in relative risk was 15% to PM10 in Lag 0 and 7% points in Lag 1 for NO2. Conclusion: There was evidence of the action of air pollutants on hospitaliza tion for pneumonia in a medium-sized city located in a region affected by air pollution from sugarcane burning and the data presented here provide subsi dies for the implementation of public policies aiming to decrease this risk.
O Xornalismo en transición, a antesala dun modelo de 'Total Journalism'
Authors: López García Xosé , Rodríguez Vázquez Ana Isabel
Published: May 2016

Resumo O Xornalismo está a vivir unha profunda metamorfose no proceso de reconfiguración do ecosistema mediático. O impacto de internet nas rutinas xornalísticas marcou un antes e un despois na práctica profesional. Ninguén pon en dúbida que os cambios introducidos foron relevantes. Tanto na busca de material como na súa difusión houbo mudanzas. O resultado é un renovado conxunto de rutinas sedimentadas que conviven con outras máis experimentais e aínda en construción. Unha mirada ao Xornalismo actual, focalizada sobre todo na Península Ibérica e no conxunto de Europa, permítenos indicar, sen embargo, que o básico permanece. Os xornalistas seguen contando historias de non ficción e permanecen como mediadores que teñen unha influenza decisiva nas sociedades actuais.
Entre o acelerador e o freio: o motorista no discurso publicitário
Authors: Meneguin Ana Marusia Pinheiro Lima
Published: May 2016

Resumo Este artigo objetiva identificar elementos recorrentes do discurso da Publicidade na composição do imaginário sobre o trânsito, destacando o motorista de automóvel como destinatário preferencial, tanto de campanhas mercadológicas quanto da Propaganda social. Com o suporte teórico e metodológico da Análise do Discurso Francesa, traça-se um comparativo entre diversas peças publicitárias veiculadas a partir de 1990. Os efeitos de sentido são evidenciados a ponto de se questionar a escolha da abordagem e da própria Propaganda como ferramenta de mudança comportamental num país onde o automóvel, mais que um objeto de desejo do indivíduo, é um objeto de desejo do Estado. Ao final, vislumbram-se algumas perspectivas sobre a segurança no trânsito.
A guerra gaúcha: o Cinema argentino no Brasil (1935 - 1945)
Authors: Autran Arthur
Published: May 2016

Resumo Esse artigo aborda a circulação da produção cinematográfica argentina no mercado brasileiro entre 1935 e 1945 objetivando mapear quais filmes foram exibidos no Rio de Janeiro e em São Paulo, sua repercussão na imprensa, como os produtores portenhos buscaram comercializar suas películas e as dificuldades encontradas por eles. A pesquisa tem como base principal fontes constituídas por revistas cinematográficas e jornais do período, além de bibliografia sobre a história do Cinema. Foi possível concluir que a estrutura do mercado no Brasil, caracterizada pelo predomínio de Hollywood, foi uma barreira intransponível para a ampla comercialização do produto argentino apesar da sua boa qualidade.
Ressonâncias da Tropicália no cinema brasileiro: uma análise comparada de 'Macunaíma' e 'Tenda dos Milagres'
Authors: Lapera Pedro Vinicius Asterito
Published: May 2016

Resumo Por meio da análise fílmica e da documentação referente à recepção de Macunaíma (Joaquim Pedro de Andrade, 1969) e de Tenda dos Milagres (Nelson Pereira dos Santos, 1976), avaliaremos como o debate sobre raça e etnicidade foi articulado no campo do cinema brasileiro por seus intelectuais após o golpe civil-militar de 1964. Partindo de uma pesquisa bibliográfica inicial sobre o tema, elegemos como foco a apropriação das conquistas estéticas da Tropicália pelos intelectuais ligados ao cinema brasileiro. O objetivo de reunir filmes não tão próximos no mesmo artigo é avaliar o efeito temporal sobre o papel dos intelectuais na transformação do debate sobre raça e etnicidade no campo do cinema brasileiro. Desse modo, enquanto Macunaíma fez parte do "momento tropicália", Tenda dos Milagres aproveitou os ganhos estéticos do movimento, ressoando posteriormente a guinada no papel dos intelectuais no campo do cinema brasileiro.
Bayley-III Scales of Infant and Toddler Development: Transcultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties
Authors: Madaschi Vanessa , Mecca Tatiana Pontrelli , Macedo Elizeu Coutinho , Paula Cristiane Silvestre
Published: May 2016

Abstract Scales with evidence of validity and reliability are important to evaluate child development. In Brazil, there is a lack of standardized instruments to evaluate young children. This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III). It was translated into Brazilian Portuguese, culturally adapted and tested on 207 children (12-42 months of age). Evidence of convergent validity was obtained from correlations of the Bayley-III with the: Peabody Developmental Motor Scale 2, Leiter International Performance Scale-R, Expressive Vocabulary Assessment List and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Exploratory factor analyses showed a single component explaining 86% of the variance, supported by goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis. The Bailey-III demonstrated good internal consistency with alpha coefficients greater than or equal to .90 and stability for fine motor scale only. These robust psychometric properties support the use of this tool in future national studies on child development.
Validity Evidence of the Z-Test-SC for Use With Children
Authors: Villemor-Amaral Anna Elisa de , Pavan Pâmela Malio Pardini , Tavella Raquel Rossi , Cardoso Lucila Moraes , Biasi Fabiola Cristina
Published: May 2016

Abstract In Brazil, there is a lack of tools to assess the children's affective and cognitive dynamics and investments are needed in research that seeks evidence of validity of some assessment tools for that public. The Zulliger test in the Comprehensive System (Zulliger-SC) evaluates the adequacy of reality perception, affects, self-perception, interpersonal relationship and cognitive processing and can be used with children, although there are few studies with this purpose in Brazil. Thus, the aim was to contribute in this field, comparing the performances in different stages of development. The participants were 103 children aged 6 and 12 years old, students from public schools in the state of São Paulo, who answered the test individually in the schools. The Zulliger-SC distinguished the children consistently with what is theoretically expected for their age, bringing some evidence of the Zulliger's validity with children.
Uncovering Interaction Structures in a Brief Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
Authors: Serralta Fernanda Barcellos
Published: May 2016

Abstract Interaction structures refers to the repetitive ways of interaction between the patient-therapist dyad over the course of treatment. This construct is operationalized by the repeated application of the Psychotherapy Process Q-Set (PQS) to psychotherapy sessions. Studies in this line of research have so far focused only on long-term treatment. The present study examines whether interaction structures can be detected empirically in short-term psychotherapies. All sessions (N = 31) of a successful case of brief psychodynamic psychotherapy were coded with the Psychotherapy Process Q-Set (PQS). The application of Q type factor analysis procedures with varimax rotation revealed five interaction structures: resistance, alliance, facing depression, expectation of change, and introspection and hearing. The analysis of variation of these structures over the course of the treatment showed that these interactions are nonlinear, may be positively or negatively protruding in different sessions, or be predominant at some treatment phase.
A ceroplastia e a medicina legal na Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 1934-1950
Authors: Carreta Jorge Augusto
Published: May 2016

Resumo O artigo busca investigar as relações entre a ceroplastia e a institucionalização da disciplina de medicina legal na Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. As peças em cera, representando doenças ou partes do corpo que seriam objeto da perícia médico-legal, foram produzidas por Augusto Esteves entre 1936 e 1960. Supõe-se que a produção ceroplástica representou o programa traçado por Flamínio Fávero, catedrático de medicina legal entre 1923 e 1955. A comparação entre as peças de cera do acervo do Museu Técnico-científico do Instituto Oscar Freire e o tratado de medicina legal de Fávero, publicado pela primeira vez em 1938, indica que tal suposição é plausível.
As investigações dos fenômenos psíquicos/espirituais no século XIX: sonambulismo e espiritualismo, 1811-1860
Authors: Pimentel Marcelo Gulão , Alberto Klaus Chaves , Moreira-Almeida Alexander
Published: May 2016

Resumo No início do século XIX, investigações sobre a natureza de fenômenos psíquicos/espirituais como transes e supostas aquisições de informações indisponíveis aos canais sensoriais normais geraram grande debate no meio científico. Este artigo discute as principais explicações oferecidas pelos pesquisadores dos fenômenos psíquicos entre 1811 e 1860, concentrando-se nos dois movimentos principais no período: sonambulismo magnético e espiritualismo moderno. As investigações desses fenômenos geraram diversas teorias, sem que se chegasse a consenso, mas trouxeram implicações para a compreensão da mente e de seus transtornos, notadamente na área do inconsciente e da dissociação, constituindo-se como parte importante da história da psicologia e da psiquiatria.
Identifying decreased diaphragmatic mobility and diaphragm thickening in interstitial lung disease: the utility of ultrasound imaging
Authors: Santana Pauliane Vieira , Prina Elena , Albuquerque André Luis Pereira , Carvalho Carlos Roberto Ribeiro , Caruso Pedro
Published: May 2016

Objective: To investigate the applicability of ultrasound imaging of the diaphragm in interstitial lung disease (ILD). Methods: Using ultrasound, we compared ILD patients and healthy volunteers (controls) in terms of diaphragmatic mobility during quiet and deep breathing; diaphragm thickness at functional residual capacity (FRC) and at total lung capacity (TLC); and the thickening fraction (TF, proportional diaphragm thickening from FRC to TLC). We also evaluated correlations between diaphragmatic dysfunction and lung function variables. Results: Between the ILD patients (n = 40) and the controls (n = 16), mean diaphragmatic mobility was comparable during quiet breathing, although it was significantly lower in the patients during deep breathing (4.5 ± 1.7 cm vs. 7.6 ± 1.4 cm; p < 0.01). The patients showed greater diaphragm thickness at FRC (p = 0.05), although, due to lower diaphragm thickness at TLC, they also showed a lower TF (p < 0.01). The FVC as a percentage of the predicted value (FVC%) correlated with diaphragmatic mobility (r = 0.73; p < 0.01), and an FVC% cut-off value of < 60% presented high sensitivity (92%) and specificity (81%) for indentifying decreased diaphragmatic mobility. Conclusions: Using ultrasound, we were able to show that diaphragmatic mobility and the TF were lower in ILD patients than in healthy controls, despite the greater diaphragm thickness at FRC in the former. Diaphragmatic mobility correlated with ILD functional severity, and an FVC% cut-off value of < 60% was found to be highly accurate for indentifying diaphragmatic dysfunction on ultrasound.
La bicicleta y la transformación del espacio público en Quito (2003-2014)
Authors: Oleas Mogollón Daniela , Albornoz Barriga María Belén
Published: May 2016

La cada vez más generalizada tendencia urbana de introducir el uso de la bicicleta genera profundas transformaciones en el espacio público de las ciudades. Este artículo se centra en explicar las controversias del diseño de la política pública de movilidad que impulsa el transporte no motorizado en la ciudad de Quito, a partir del análisis de los problemas políticos y técnicos del diseño de la ciclovía y el sistema de alquiler de bicicletas públicas del gobierno local, conocido como BiciQ. El modelo de análisis utilizado en este trabajo se basa en el enfoque socio-técnico a través de tres niveles de la política: el contexto en que se formula, la construcción del artefacto socio-técnico de la bicicleta y su uso en la vía pública, y el cierre de las controversias de los grupos relevantes en torno al impulso de la ciclovía como herramienta del transporte no motorizado.
Marcha por el agua, la vida y la dignidad de los pueblos
Authors: Ortiz Santiago
Published: May 2016

Este artículo da cuenta de la marcha  que se realiza del 8 al 21 de marzo de 2012, a través de diez provincias de Ecuador,  organizada por actores indígenas, pobladores urbanos y gobiernos regionales que luchaban por el agua y contra la minería, en el marco del gobierno de la Revolución Ciudadana. Se indaga sobre si la marcha logra posicionar en el escenario político la crítica a la producción minera y si constituye un momento de inflexión del ciclo de reflujo que vivieron los movimientos sociales desde principios de siglo. La respuesta es negativa a la primera pregunta y respecto a la segunda plantea que no se da tanto una inflexión como una transformación en la naturaleza de los movimientos sociales. El artículo  resume un  estudio que examina fuentes documentales y material audiovisual, está  sustentado en entrevistas a medio centenar de informantes calificados y en el análisis del  discurso del presidente Correa;  asume el enfoque del análisis de demandas y repertorios, inspirado en la teoría de la estructura de oportunidades políticas.
Организационная культура и совладающее поведение работника
Authors: Тащи Карина Валерьевна
Published: May 2016

Статья представляет собой аналитический обзор существующих современных исследований и литературных источников по проблеме представлений о совладающем поведении в рамках организационной, или корпоративной, культуры. Статья раскрывает понятия организационной культуры, совладающего поведения, и организационного стресса, а также содержит в себе аспекты, посвященные культуре безопасности работника.
Молодежь и общество: уроки истории. К 80-летию профессора Б. А. Ручкина
Authors: Ручкин Александр Борисович
Published: May 2016

В статье представлен обзор научной сессии, посвященной 80-летию Б. А. Ручкина (09.01.1936–02.06.2015), которая состоялась 1 марта 2015 г. в Московском гуманитарном университете.
Left Main protection during very high risk Transcatheter Aortic Valve-in-Valve procedure. A Collaborative Registry.
Authors: Testa Luca , Chakravarty Tarun , Latib Azeem , Castriota Fausto , Cremonesi Alberto , Colombo Antonio , Makkar Raj , Bedogni Francesco
Published: May 2016

Background. Surgically implanted aortic bio-prostheses are prone to degeneration and eventually failure within 10 to 20 years. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement “valve-in-valve” (TAVR-VIV) is an effective treatment for patients deemed at prohibitive risk for surgical redo. However, Mitroflow, Freedom, Toronto and Freestyle bioprostheses pose a high risk of left main obstruction and are only marginally represented in available literature.

Methods and Results. After evaluation of local Heart Team, TAVR-VIV implantation was performed in 20 patients with a failed Mitroflow (8), Freedom (5), Toronto SPV (3), Freestyle (2), Trifecta (1), or Mosaic (1) bioprostheses. Patients/prostheses were divided in type A (mainly stenotic, 8 pts), and type B (mainly regurgitant, 12 pts). All patients were managed protecting the left main ostium.

At 30 days, 2 fatalities (10%) and 2 myocardial infarction (10%) occurred. At a mean follow up of 6 months, 2 further fatalities (cumulative survival rate of 80%) were observed (cumulative incidence of 5%).

Conclusions. This registry specifically focusing on extremely high risk TAVR-VIV is a proof of concept. The protection of the left main during the procedure allows patients initially deemed at highest or even prohibitive risk to be successfully treated and further support the use of bioprostheses at the time of the surgical treatment. 
An Unusual Case of Pulmonary Embolism in a Patient with Psoriasis: Highlighting the Association between Psoriasis and Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Kang Guan-Yang , Chen Yu-Qiang , Xiao Jian-Min , Wang Zhi-Ming , Ling Yong-Huo
Published: May 2016

Psoriasis is a common immunoinflammatory disease and studies have demonstrated that psoriasis patients have an increased risk of thromboembolic events. We present an unusual case of pulmonary embolism (PE) in a patient with recurrent and poorly controlled plaque psoriasis and review the pathophysiology and diagnostic considerations. This case highlights the importance of having clinical awareness of occurrence of PE in patients with psoriasis.
Nutritional therapy leads to complete recovery of left ventricular dysfunction in anorexia nervosa: A case report
Authors: Wats Karan , Batul Syeda Atiqa , Plawes Zvi , Sadiq Adnan , Moskovits Manfred
Published: May 2016

This case highlights the cardiac complications associated with anorexia nervosa and how early recognition and treatment significantly affects overall prognosis. A few cases have been reported in literature where cardiomyopathy associated with anorexia nervosa was reported but this is the first case where adequate medical management and metabolic support lead to complete recovery

A young female presented to our hospital with lethargy and dehydration with EKG changes notable for T wave inversions in precordial and inferior leads. Echocardiogram showed severely reduced left ventricular (LV) function. Patient was diagnosed with anorexia nervosa and started on high calorie diet as per metabolic recommendations, ace inhibitor, beta-blockers and statin. 10 month follow up showed a significant improvement in heart function showing the reversible nature of anorexia nervosa induced cardiac dysfunction

Cardiac abnormalities, specifically cardiomyopathy are known in patients with Anorexia nervosa and have been attributed to the deficiency of multitude of minerals, vitamins and electrolytes. It is important to recognize that patients with anorexia can develop cardiac dysfunction and early nutrition along with medical optimization can lead to complete reversal of cardiac dysfunction. Multi-disciplinary team approach involving cardiologist, metabolic support, internist, and psychiatrist is required for appropriate care of these patients.
Molecular and biochemical aspects of Homocysteine in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Tripathi Pratima
Published: May 2016

Markedly or mildly elevated circulating homocysteine concentrations are associated with increased risk of vascular occlusion. Here we review possible mechanisms that mediate these effects. Inborn errors of homocysteine metabolism result in markedly elevated plasma homocysteine (200–300 μmol/L) and thromboembolic (mainly venous) disease which is easily normalized with oral folate and ongoing trials are assessing the effect of folate treatment on outcomes. Some people have a common genetic variant (called methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, abbreviated MTHFR) that also impairs their ability to process folate.  Indeed, there are evidences suggesting an acute antioxidant effect of folic acid on homocysteine concentrations. This antioxidant mechanism may oppose an oxidant effect of homocysteine and be relevant to treatment of patients with vascular disease, especially those with chronic renal insufficiency. Such patients have moderately elevated plasma homocysteine and greatly increased cardiovascular risk that is largely unexplained.
Reduced glutathione peroxidase activity predicts increased cardiovascular risk following an acute coronary syndrome.
Authors: Holley Ana S , Harding Scott A , Sasse Alexander , Miller John H , Larsen Peter D
Published: May 2016

Background:  Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is an antioxidant enzyme that comprises a primary defence against oxidative stress.  Deficiencies in GPx have been associated with progression of atherosclerosis and arterial thrombosis.  However, the relationship between GPx activity and clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) remains controversial.  This study examined the relationship between plasma GPx activity and subsequent major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in ACS patients.

Method:  In this prospective cohort study, 262 ACS patients had their plasma GPx activity measured using a colourimetric enzyme assay.  Patient demographics, clinical variables and MACE, a composite of death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke and acute heart failure, were collected.

Results:  At 1 year follow-up, 34 (13%) patients experienced MACE.  When the MACE rate was examined by quartiles of GPx activity, a significant decrease in MACE was demonstrated with increasing quartiles of GPx activity (P = 0.04).  The event rate for patients in the lowest quartile of GPx activity was 19.6% compared to 7.9% for the upper quartile.  Levels of GPx activity were significantly lower in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic patients (P = 0.02), and lower in males compared to females (P = 0.03).  GPx activity was a moderate predictor of MACE by receiver operator characteristic analysis with an area under the curve of 0.62 (P = 0.02).
Conclusion:  We have demonstrated that lower levels of GPx activity are associated with an increased risk of MACE at 1 year following an ACS.  Low levels of GPx activity may represent a decreased defence against oxidant-mediated cardiovascular damage.
Crisis, post-crisis y Estado de Bienestar: ¿hacia dónde transita el Modelo Social Europeo?
Authors: Muñoz de Bustillo Llorente Rafael
Published: May 2016

La crisis económica, su gestión y la post-crisis han tenido un efecto innegable sobre el desarrollo de los Estados de Bienestar en Europa. Las reformas estructurales desarrolladas han afectado gravemente la fortaleza del Estado de Bienestar ya sea por dirigirse directamente contra él, ya sea por los daños colaterales de la política de ajuste fiscal desarrollada. Este artículo tiene como objetivo valorar hasta qué punto la crisis económica y su gestión, impulsada y avalada por el ECO-FIN (Consejo de Asuntos Económicos y Financieros de la Unión Europea), ha afectado a unos Estados de Bienestar europeos que hasta la crisis se habían mostrado, en las grandes líneas de sus actuaciones, razonablemente resilientes a los ataques de los que habían sido objeto durante décadas.

Recibido: 23.09.2015
Aceptado: 27.01.2016
Las construcciones destructivas: Luchas y unanimidad en el discurso mediático dentro y alrededor de Ucrania
Authors: Novikova Anna N.
Published: May 2016

Este artículo enfoca la representación del conflicto en Ucrania por los medios de comunicación desde la perspectiva del lenguaje de odio y violencia y la creación de la imagen del enemigo. Hacemos un análisis comparativo de las narrativas de los medios de comunicación nacionales de Ucrania y Rusia completadas por las de los recién surgidos canales de información de los combatientes en el Este de Ucrania. Después analizamos la visión de la Unión Europea hacia la crisis ucraniana y observamos en líneas generales qué tipo de discurso mantiene. A lo largo del estudio intentamos abordar este conflicto desde enfoques de diferentes campos académicos: estudios de conflicto, estudios de comunicación de masas y estudios de memoria.

Recibido: 03.11.2015
Aceptado: 24.02.2016
Globalización – Unión Europea – Globalización
Authors: Mariscal Nicolás
Published: May 2016

Este artículo no pretende analizar la realidad de la globalización, ni de la Unión Europea, ni de su relación, de amplitud, complejidad y dinamismo casi insondables y aquí inabarcables, sino ofrecer solo una introducción a su estudio, que ayude a proseguir el debate. Éste ha generado en el siglo XXI numerosos y poderosos esfuerzos de definición, conceptualización y teorización; aquí se indican algunos puntos de referencia relevantes y algunas lógicas, que pueden servir como anclajes y cuerda para una posible vía por esos universos. La clave está en la paradoja de Castells: «la integración europea es, al mismo tiempo, una reacción al proceso de globalización y su expresión más avanzada» y se presentan tres estudios muy diferentes. A continuación, desde el constructivismo social, se exponen la «actoridad» («actorness») de la UE , constituida por la oportunidad, presencia y capacidad, y su identidad colectiva y se termina con la presentación de varias estrategias europeas globales.

Recibido: 20.11.2015
Aceptado: 18.01.2016
Fatores que influenciam a percepção de professores de enfermagem das competências na docência
Authors: Dos Santos Claudia Cristina Maciel , Puggina Ana Claudia Giesbrecht , Pereira Luciane Lúcio
Published: May 2016

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar os fatores que influenciam a percepção das competências para oexercício da docência. Pesquisa transversal quantitativo com 45 professores de graduação em enfermagemque responderam à “Escala de fatores que influenciam na percepção das competências para o exercício dadocência”. O escore médio total da escala foi de 170,6 (±13,7). Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa nofator Habilidades Interpessoais com atuação no Lato sensu (p-valor=0,03); nos fatores Abertura à Inovação eApoio Proativo à Docência com atuação no Stricto sensu os valores foram idênticos (p-valor<0,05). Os docentesparticipantes deste estudo tiveram uma percepção de moderada para alta da influência dos fatores na suacompetência docente. Os professores que atuam no Lato sensu tiveram melhor percepção das suas habilidadesinterpessoais com os alunos; os que atuam no Stricto Sensu tiveram menor percepção em relação a suashabilidades de busca por inovações no ensino e apoio proativo ao aluno.Descritores: Competência profissional; Ensino; Docentes de enfermagem.
Atitudes dos profissionais de enfermagem a respeito da segurança relacionada à assistência
Authors: Nazário Karine Clemente , Gasparino Renata Cristina
Published: May 2016

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar as atitudes de segurança da equipe de enfermagemrelacionadas à assistência. Estudo descritivo, transversal, realizado com 105 profissionais deenfermagem. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizada uma ficha para caracterização da amostra e oQuestionário Atitudes de Segurança, que considera como escore mínimo aceitável o valor de 75pontos em cada domínio. Foram obtidas as seguintes pontuações: clima de trabalho em equipe(65,8), clima de segurança (61,8), satisfação no trabalho (74,8), percepção do estresse (67,5),percepção da gestão da unidade (52,9), percepção da gestão do hospital (54,2), condições detrabalho (58,0) e comportamento seguro (67,2). Os participantes da pesquisa não demonstraramatitudes de segurança frente à assistência ao paciente. O estudo contribuiu para a identificação defragilidades que podem subsidiar o planejamento e desenvolvimento de estratégias para asegurança do paciente.Descritores: Segurança do paciente; Percepção; Cultura; Enfermagem.
La captura del servidor público: requisitos sustanciales y habeas corpus
Authors: Gómez Pavajeau Carlos Arturo , Farfán Molina Francisco Javier
Published: May 2016

La captura del servidor público investigado en un proceso penal está sujeta a reglas especiales y diversas a las previstas para la captura de los particulares, por cuanto la privación de la libertad de un funcionario puede afectar la continuidad, celeridad y eficacia de la función pública, como un valor constitucional igualmente relevante. Por tal motivo, como regla general,la captura del servidor público debe estar precedida de la solicitud de suspensión por parte de la Fiscalía General de la Nación y para que proceda sin suspensión previa, el fiscal debe consignar en su providencia las razones y argumentos por los cuales no se afecta el normal funcionamiento de la administración pública. La ausencia de motivación de este aspecto esencial constituye una vía de hecho procedimental que torna procedente la acción de habeas corpus, como mecanismo efectivo de garantía de la libertad personal. De igual manera, procede el habeas corpus cuando la captura del servidor público la ordena un fiscal sin competencia funcional para adelantar la investigación, por configuración de una vía de hecho por defecto orgánico.
Building Teachers’ Assessment Capacity for Supporting English Language Learners Through the Implementation of the STEP Language Assessment in Ontario K-12 Schools
Authors: Van Viegen Stille Saskia , Jang Eunice , Wagner Maryam
Published: May 2016

The Ontario Ministry of Education recently implemented the Steps to English Proficiency (STEP) language assessment framework to build educator capacity for addressing the needs of English language learners (ELLs) in K-12 schools. The STEP framework is a set of descriptors-based language pro ciency scales that specify observable linguistic behaviours from which educators can make inferences about students’ English language development. Teachers use these proficiency scales to assess, document, and track students’ language pro ciency development based on daily interactions with students in classrooms. The purpose of this article is to report on teachers’ perceptions of and experiences with the STEP proficiency scales during a three-year pilot implementation and validation study of the initiative. Based on analysis of these ndings, we articulate implications for building teachers’ assessment capacity using observational language assessment scales for K-12 ELLs. Le Ministère de l’Éducation de l’Ontario a récemment mis sur pied un cadre d’évaluation des compétences linguistiques (Steps to English Proficiency - STEP) pour accroitre la capacité des enseignants à répondre aux besoins des apprenants d’anglais dans les écoles K-12. Le cadre STEP est un ensemble d’échelles de compétences linguistiques basées sur des descripteurs qui décrivent des comportements linguistiques à partir desquels les enseignants peuvent faire des inférences quant au développement des élèves en anglais. Les enseignants se servent de ces échelles de compétence pour évaluer, documenter et suivre le déve- loppement langagier de leurs élèves dans leurs interactions quotidiennes avec les élèves en classe. L’objectif de cet article est de faire état des perceptions et des expériences des enseignants relatives aux échelles de compétences STEP pendant les trois années de la phase de mise en oeuvre initiale et d’étude de la validité de l’initiative. Nous nous appuyons sur les résultats de notre analyse pour formu- ler des implications relatives à l’accroissement de la capacité des enseignants par l’emploi des échelles de compétences linguistiques auprès d’apprenants d’anglais en K-12.
Test de Français Laval-Montreal: Does It Measure What It Should Measure?
Authors: Schmitt Romain , Saif Shahrzad
Published: May 2016

This article reports on a study conducted as part of a larger investigation of the predictive validity of the Test de Français Laval-Montreal (TFLM), a high-stakes French language test used for admission and placement purposes for Teacher- Training Programs (TTPs) in major francophone universities in Canada (Schmitt, 2015). The objective of this study is to examine the validity of TFLM tasks for measuring language abilities required by tasks common to the Target Language Use (TLU; Bachman & Palmer, 2010) domains in which preservice teachers are expected to function. Adopting Messick’s conception of construct validity (1989) and Bachman & Palmer’s Framework of Task Characteristics (2010), the study features a comprehensive task analysis detailing the characteristics of TFLM tasks in contrast to those of three major TLU academic and instructional contexts linked to the test. The results of the study are discussed in terms of the standards of validity (Messick, 1996) and qualities of usefulness (Bachman & Palmer, 1996). Findings suggest that TFLM tasks and constructs do not represent those of the TLU contexts and do not address the language needs of preservice teachers as identified by the Ministère de l’Éducation, du Loisir et du Sport (MELS). The implications for the consequential aspect of TFLM validity and the potential nega- tive consequences of TFLM use as an admission test are discussed. Cet article présente une partie d’une étude plus complète sur la validité prédictive du Test de Français Laval-Montréal (TFLM), test de langue française à enjeux critiques utilisé comme test d’admission et de placement dans les programmes de formation initiale en enseignement d’importantes universités francophones au Canada (Schmitt, 2015). Le but de ce e étude est d’analyser la validité des tâches du TFLM à des fins d’évaluation des compétences linguistiques exigées dans les tâches communes aux domaines d’utilisation de la langue cible dans lesquels les enseignants en formation doivent fonctionner (Target Language Use (TLU); Bachman & Palmer, 2010). Basée sur la conception de la validité conceptuelle de Messick (1989) et le cadre d’analyse des caractéristiques des tâches de Bachman & Palmer (2010), l’étude compare de manière détaillée les tâches du TFLM à celles de trois contextes académiques et pédagogiques d’emploi de la langue cible. Les résultats de cette analyse sont évalués en termes de validité (Messick, 1996) et des qualités des tests (Bachman & Palmer, 1996). Les résultats indiquent que les tâches du TFLM et les construits qu’il est sensé évaluer ne correspondent pas à ceux des contextes d’emploi de la langue cible et ne répondent pas aux besoins des ensei- gnants en formation tels qu’identi és par le Ministère de l’Éducation, du Loisir et du Sport (MELS). La validité du TFLM, les conséquences ainsi que les aspects potentiellement négatifs de son utilisation comme test d’admission sont discutés.
Local differences in parasitism and competition shape defensive investment in a polymorphic eusocial bee
Authors: Segers Francisca H. I. D. , von Zuben Lucas , Grüter Christoph
Published: May 2016

Many colonial animals rely for their defense on a soldier caste. Adaptive colony demography theory predicts that colonies should flexibly adjust the investment in different worker castes depending on the colony needs. For example, colonies should invest more in defensive workers (e.g., soldiers) in dangerous environments. However, evidence for this prediction has been mixed. We combined descriptive and experimental approaches to examine whether defensive investment and worker size are adjusted to local ecology in the only known bee with polymorphic workers, Tetragonisca angustula. Colonies of this species are defended by a morphologically specialized soldier caste. Our study included three populations that differed in the density of food competition and the occurrence of a parasitic robber bee. We found that colonies coexisting with robber bees had on average 43% more soldiers defending the nest entrance, while colonies facing stronger foraging competition had soldiers that were ~6–7% smaller. We then experimentally relocated colonies to areas with different levels of competition. When released from intense food competition, body sizes of guards and foragers increased. After introducing chemical robber bee cues at nest entrances, we found both a short‐term and a long‐term up‐regulation of the number of soldiers defending the colony. Active soldier numbers remained high after the experiment for a duration equivalent to 2–3 worker life spans. How information about past parasite threat is stored in the colony is currently unknown. In summary, T. angustula adjusts both the number and the body size of active soldiers to local ecological conditions. Competitor density also affects forager (or minor) size, an important colony trait with potential community ecological consequences. Our study supports adaptive colony demography theory in a eusocial bee and highlights the importance of colony threats and competition as selective forces shaping colony phenotype.
A compilation of quantitative functional traits for marine and freshwater crustacean zooplankton
Authors: Hébert Marie‐Pier , Beisner Beatrix E. , Maranger Roxane
Published: May 2016

This data compilation synthesizes 8609 individual observations and ranges of 13 traits from 201 freshwater and 191 marine crustacean taxa belonging to either Copepoda or Cladocera, two important zooplankton groups across all major aquatic habitats. Most data were gathered from the literature, with the balance being provided by zooplankton ecologists. With the aim of more fully assessing zooplankton effects on elemental processes such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and carbon (C) stocks and fluxes in aquatic ecosystems, this data set provides information on the following traits: body size (length and mass), trophic group, elemental and biochemical corporal composition (N, P, C, lipid and protein content), respiration rates, N‐ and P‐excretion rates, as well as stoichiometric ratios. Although relationships for zooplankton metabolism as a function of body mass or requirements have been explored in the past three decades, data have not been systematically compiled nor examined from an integrative and large‐scale perspective across crustacean taxa and habitat types. While this contribution likely represents the most comprehensive assembly of traits for both marine and freshwater species, this data set is not exhaustive either. As a result, this compilation also identifies knowledge gaps: a fact that should encourage researchers to disclose information they may have to help complete such databases. This trait matrix is made available for the first time in this data paper; prior to its release, the data set has been analyzed in a meta‐analysis published as a companion paper. This data set should prove extremely valuable for aquatic ecologists for trait‐based characterization of plankton community structure as well as biogeochemical modeling. These data are also well‐suited for deriving shortcut relationships that predict more difficult to measure trait values, most of which can be directly related to ecosystem properties (i.e., effect traits), from simpler traits (e.g., body size), and for exploring patterns of trait variation within and amongst taxonomic units or ecosystem types. Overall, this data set is likely to provide new insights into the functional structure of zooplankton communities and increase our mechanistic understanding of the influence of these pivotal organisms on aquatic ecosystems.
Propagule size and dispersal costs mediate establishment success of an invasive species
Authors: Lange Rolanda , Marshall Dustin J.
Published: May 2016

Bio‐invasions depend on the number and frequency of invaders arriving in new habitats. Yet, as is often the case, it is not only quantity that counts, but also quality. The process of dispersal can change disperser quality and establishment success. Invasions are a form of extra‐range dispersal, so that invaders often experience changes in quality through dispersal. To study effects of dispersal on invader quality, and its interactions with quantity on invasion success, we manipulated both in a field experiment using an invasive marine invertebrate. Establishment success increased with the number of individuals arriving in a new habitat. Prolonged larval durations – our manipulation of prolonged dispersal – decreased individual quality and establishment success. Groups of invaders with prolonged larval durations contributed only a third of the offspring relative to invaders that settled immediately. We also found an interaction between the quality and quantity of invaders on individual growth: only within high‐quality cohorts did individuals experience density‐dependent effects on growth. Our findings highlight that dispersal not only affects the quantity of invaders arriving in a new habitat but also their quality, and both mediate establishment success.
Chewing sandpaper: grit, plant apparency, and plant defense in sand‐entrapping plants
Authors: LoPresti Eric F. , Karban Richard
Published: May 2016

Sand entrapment on plant surfaces, termed psammophory or sand armor, is a phylogenetically and geographically widespread trait. The functional significance of this phenomenon has been poorly investigated. Sand and soil are nonnutritive and difficult for herbivores to process, as well as visually identical to the background. We experimentally investigated whether this sand coating physically protected the plant from herbivores or increased crypsis (e.g., decreased apparency to herbivores). We tested the former hypothesis by removing entrapped sand from stems, petioles, and leaves of the sand verbena Abronia latifolia and by supplementing natural sand levels in the honeyscented pincushion plant Navarretia mellita. Consistent with a physical defensive function, leaves with sand present or supplemented suffered less chewing herbivory than those with sand removed or left as is. To test a possible crypsis effect, we coated some sand verbena stems with green sand, matching the stem color, as well as others with brown sand to match the background color. Both suffered less chewing herbivory than controls with no sand and herbivory did not significantly differ between the colors, suggesting crypsis was not the driving resistance mechanism. Strong tests of plant apparency are rare; this experimental approach may be possible in other systems and represents one of few manipulative tests of this long‐standing hypothesis.
Crítica a la razón cínica contemporánea: reversión de la relación vida y aprendizaje
Authors: Peñuela Contreras Diana Milena
Published: May 2016

En el presente artículo se propone reflexionar alrededor de la relación vida-aprendizaje, desde el viraje producido por la introducción de la razón cínica en las sociedades contemporáneas. Se divide en tres momentos escriturales, en el primero, se realiza una contextualización de las formas de funcionamiento de la crítica a la razón cínica desde Sloterdjik y Deleuze; en el segundo, se discute sobre las implicaciones de esa razón cínica en lo que Sloterdijk denomina la reversión de la relación de vida y sus efectos en el aprendizaje; y en el tercer momento, se retoma la experiencia de Jacotot, reconstruida por Jaques Rancière, buscando dar otros sentidos y comprensiones a la relación vidaaprendizaje hoy.

 
Actitudes frente a la relación cts de estudiantes de licenciatura en ciencias naturales
Authors: Ochoa Camacho Edelmira , Gutiérrez Gómez Gloria Leonor
Published: May 2016

El trabajo de investigación que presenta este artículo se desarrolló en el marco de la tesis de Maestría en Educación de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia entre los años 2010 y 2012. Uno de sus objetivos fue evaluar las actitudes de los estudiantes universitarios de primer semestre de la Licenciatura en Ciencias Naturales y Educación Ambiental frente a la relación Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad (CTS), y su diseño metodológico se enmarcó dentro de la investigación cuantitativa, con enfoque descriptivo, que permitió a la vez hacer análisis cualitativos, para conocer e identificar puntos fuertes y débiles de las actitudes hacia dichos temas. Para tal propósito los estudiantes diligenciaron el Cuestionario de Opiniones de Ciencia Tecnología y Sociedad (COCTS) y se realizó el análisis de la información. Los resultados globales exhiben actitudes con valores cercanos a cero y el análisis detallado por cuestiones, categorías y frases permite identificar diversidad de creencias que configuran las actitudes previas de los estudiantes involucrados. Se concluyó que la utilización del COCTS y su análisis aporta a una mejor comprensión e identificación de las actitudes de los estudiantes encuestados sobre la relación CTS.

 
Consideraciones sobre la filosofía de la educación
Authors: Díaz Genis Andrea
Published: May 2016

Este artículo trata de desarrollar la idea de cómo debe entenderse la Filosofía de la Educación en el que se considera, abigarrado y confuso, panorama de las Ciencias de la Educación. Termina resaltando la función teórica y práctica de la filosofía como arte de existencia que “sirve” a una educación emancipadora y enriquecedora del ser humano.

 