bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Вплив психофізіологічних та фізичних факторів на структуру професійної підготовки студентів біолого-технологічного факультету
Authors: Semeniv B.S. , Stahiv M.М. , Yakymyshyn I.D. , Prystavskyi T.G. , Kovban A.L.
Published: May 2017

Профільна фізична підготовка розглядається як один з напрямів системи фізичного виховання, яка повинна формувати прикладні знання, фізичні, психологічні й спеціальні властивості, уміння й навички, що забезпечують об’єктивну готовність людини до успішної професійної діяльності. Особливу увагу в засвоєнні трудових навичок і в адаптації організму молодої людини до професії займають спеціальні засоби фізичної культури, в основі яких міститься перенесення фізичних якостей і рухових навичок, що і є одним з важливих питань в теорії фізичного виховання. Перенесення фізичних якостей і рухових навичок слід розуміти як вплив занять фізичними вправами на ті чи інші види діяльності людини. В кожній руховій дії можна виділити її головну сторону, яка полягає в переважному вияві й розвитку певних якостей і навичок. Спеціально направленими методами фізичної підготовки можна тренувати ті психологічні й фізіологічні механізми, які визначають функціональні можливості людини в процесі її трудової діяльності. Завдання фізичного виховання полягає в тому, щоб вміло та цілеспрямовано використовувати спеціальну фізичну підготовку для підвищення працездатності фахівця.
Coherent Lattice Vibrations in Bi and Sb
Authors: Vidal J. , Cheng T. K. , Zeiger H. J. , Dresselhaus G. , Dresselhaus M. S. , Ippen E. P.
Published: May 2017

Femtosecond time-resolved optical techniques have been shown to generate coherent phonons in some semimetals and narrow gap semiconductors. A previously-reported model describes the mechanism for generation of coherent lattice vibrations via the optically excited carriers. One of the most interesting consequences of such coherent lattice motion is the modulation of the electronic bands - and possibly of the transport properties of the material — at a THz timescale. Preliminary results are given for a band structure calculation, performed to evaluate the magnitude of these laser-induced band shifts.
Two Effective Methods for Improving the Output of NaCl(OH-): Color Center Laser
Authors: Jihuai Wu , Chenghuang Xu , Miaoliang Huang , Bizhou Lin
Published: May 2017

This paper reports two effective methods for improving the output of NaCl (OH-): color center laser. The first are eliminating the laser non – active color centers and enhancing the concentration of color center in laser crystal; The second is chosing the auxiliary light with suitable wavelength, such as 0. 475μm, during laser operation. The authors also discuss and interpretate the two methods in the paper.
Energy Transfer Between Two Sites in Nd3+:KLiYF5
Authors: Weidner H. , Summers P. L. , Peale R. E. , Chai B. H. T.
Published: May 2017

High resolution spectroscopy of Nd3+ in Potassium Lithium Yttrium Fluoride (KLiYF5 ) at ≤80 K reveals two crystal-field sites which are equally populated independent of concentration. Site selective excitation of photoluminescence distinguishes each site's contribution to the spectra. The analysis of integrated line intensities reveals a bidirectional energy transfer between Nd3+ ions in different sites. A rapid increase in transfer rate with increasing Nd concentration is explained only if non-radiative transfer via exchange interaction contributes strongly to the effect. The observed relative decrease with increasing concentration of those emission lines which overlap strongly with opposite-site absorption lines implies that radiative transfer is also important. The energy transfer strongly depends on temperature (2 K – 80 K) which indicates the participation of phonons.
Fabrication of Potassium Titanyl Phosphate Films by Pulsed Excimer Laser Ablation for Nonlinear Optical Application
Authors: Xiong Fulin , Hagerman M. E. , Zhou H. , Lundquist P. M. , Wong G. K. , Poeppelmeier K. P. , Ketterson J. B. , Chang R. P. H. , White C. W.
Published: May 2017

We have fabricated highly-orientated crystalline potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) films on a variety of substrates by pulsed excimer laser ablation. The resulting films have been extensively characterized in terms of their compositional, crystalline, and optical properties. Nonlinear optical property of secondary harmonic generation of the films has been evaluated with a high d value comparable to that of KTP bulk crystals. The results are encouraging that the KTP films deposited are very promising for nonlinear optical waveguide device applications.
Growth of Erbium Doped PbF2 - SrF2 Epitaxial Layers on GaAs(111)B for Upconversion Waveguide Laser Applications
Authors: Lui M. , McFarlane R. A. , Yap D.
Published: May 2017

Waveguide structures offer the possibility of making an upconversion laser operating at room temperature. By reducing the optical mode cross section can lead to a very high pump power density which allows modest pumping powers to overcome non-radiative decay processes. We have reported earlier on the observation of upconversion luminescence from both planar and channel waveguides of Erbium doped ZnF2 on MgF2(001) and Erbium doped PbF2 on GaAs(100). The epitaxial fluoride layers were all grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy. Fluoride films preferentially grow on the (111) GaAs surface. In order to exploit this fact, we have grown Erbium doped PbF2 on GaAs(111)B with an intervening SrF2 cladding layer. The SrF2 and PbF2 growth conditions have been optimized on GaAs(111)B using X-ray rocking curve analysis. The crystalline quality of the films grown on GaAs(111)B are far superior to those grown on GaAs(100). Upconversion luminescence has been observed in the PbF2: Er/SrF2/GaAs(111)B planar waveguide structures. The guide ends were formed by cleaving the semiconductor wafer and the 800nm and 980nm pump light was introduced from a Ti-Sapphire laser by end pumping using a microscope objective.
Material and Spectroscopic Properties of Cr in Different Oxidation States in Calcium Fluorapatite
Authors: Gruber J. B. , Hutchinson J. A. , Harris D. C. , Seltzer M. D. , Allik T. H. , Morrison C. A. , Scripsick M. P.
Published: May 2017

The material and spectroscopic properties of Cr-doped Ca5(PO4)3F (FAP) were investigated using several different chemical and physical means. From analytical titration measurements the chromium in Cr:FAP was found to be tetravalent. ESR measurements detected a trace (0.5 - 10 ppm) of Cr5+ (3d1) and no evidence for Cr3+ (3d3). The absorption and emission spectra of Cr: FAP can be interpreted on the basis of Cr4+ (3d2) ions substituting for P within a distorted tetrahedron of oxygen ions. Calculated electronic (Stark) levels for Cr4+ based on an approximate site symmetry of C4 agree well with levels deduced from an analysis of the experimental optical data. The model Hamiltonian includes Coulombic parameters B and C, interconfiguration interaction terms and the spin-orbit coupling for the 3d2 atomic configuration of Cr4+ and crystal-field terms in C4 symmetry. The parametrized Hamiltonian was diagonalized within the complete d2 configuration. Both free ion and crystal field parameters are presented.
Structural/Property Relationships for Optical Materials
Authors: Vivien D.
Published: May 2017

In this paper the relationships between the crystal structure, chemical composition and electronic structure of laser materials, and their optical properties are discussed. A brief description is given of the different laser activators and of the influence of the matrix on laser characteristics in terms of crystal field strength, symmetry, covalency and phonon frequencies. The last part of the paper lays emphasis on the means to optimize the matrix-activator properties such as control of the oxidation state and site occupancy of the activator and influence of its concentration.
The Effect of Growth Atmosphere Contamination on the Optical Quality of Fluoride Laser Crystals
Authors: Cassanho A. , Jenssen H. P.
Published: May 2017

Oxygen and moisture present in the growth atmosphere, may react with fluoride melts, compromising the optical quality of the grown crystals. Low level oxygen contamination can appear as an oxyfluoride coating over YLF boules without affecting their quality or as haze or milkiness in BaY2F8 and in LISAF and its analogs. Vacuum furnaces used to lower the level of these contaminants introduce hydrocarbon residues that might reduce the valence state of dopant ions such as Cr and Yb in some fluoride systems. Cr-doped LICAF and LISAF have similar behavior in contaminated atmospheres, whereas Cr-doped LISGAF displays very different behavior.
Spectra and Energy Levels of the Trivalent Ytterbium Ion Doped into Lithium Niobate by Thermal Indiffusion
Authors: Jones J. K. , Sandro J. P. De , Hempstead M. , Shepherd D. P. , Tropper A. C. , Wilkinson J. S.
Published: May 2017

An X-cut LiNbO3 substrate has been doped with Yb3+ ions by thermal diffusion from an Yb metal film of thickness 7nm. Polarised absorption and fluorescence spectra of the dopant ion have been measured using Ti-diffused y-propagating channel waveguides prepared in the doped region. Yb is a diode pumpable laser ion with characteristics that can be compared favourably with those of Nd in some respects; for example the small energy difference between pump and laser photons reduces thermal load facilitating high power operation. A waveguide laser geometry is particularly advantageous for Yb due to the quasi-3-level nature of the laser transition. The simple fabrication technique described here has been used to produce a system which may have the potential to operate as an Yb waveguide laser in an electro-optic host crystal.
New Saturable Absorber Q-Switch Materials for Solid State Lasers
Authors: Stultz Robert D. , Camargo Marly B. , Montgomery Suzanne T. , Birnbaum Milton , Spariosu Kalin
Published: May 2017

We have investigated new solid-state passive Q-switch materials for the Er:glass laser at 1.53 μm. Saturable absorber Q-switching has been obtained using Er3+:Ca5(PO4)3F, Er3 +:CaF2, and U4+:SrF2.
Improved Sol-Gel Materials for Efficient Solid State Dye Lasers
Authors: Canva Michael , Georges Patrick , Perelgritz Jean-Fran^ois , Brun Alain , Chaput Fréddric , Boilot Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2017

Photoresistant laser dyes were trapped in silica based xerogel host matrices to obtain solid state tunable lasers. For this purpose very dense xerogel samples with improved chemical and physical properties were prepared at room temperature by the sol-gel technology. The as-prepared materials were polished to obtain optical quality surfaces and were used as new lasing media.

Lasing action of such different dyes as rhodamine, perylene and pyrromethene doping dense sol-gel matrices was demonstrated. Efficiencies of 30 % or lifetimes of more than 100,000 shots were achieved with different new ≤dye dopant/host matrix≥ couples. Their different performances are reviewed and discussed.
β-BaB2O4 Single Crystals Obtained by Czochralski Method
Authors: Lukasiewicz T. , Kisielewski J. , Luczyński Z. , Sass J.
Published: May 2017

Many inorganic crystals show strong nonlinear optical properties, and there still exists a need for new materials. One of them is barium borate existing in two modifications i.e. a high temperature phase α-BaB2O4 and low temperature phase β-BaB2O4. The β-phase in single crystal form (BBO) belongs to trigonal structure and possess high nonlinearity. The a-phase crystals are centrosymetric and for nonlinear applications are not useful. Attractive features of BBO crystals are: large nonlinear optical coefficients about six times higher as compared with KDP, large birefringence, transmision range between 190 and 3500 nm, damage threshold as high as 10 GW/cm2 measured with 100 ps pulses, low absorption, moisture insensitivity, and good mechanical and thermal properties. BBO crystals are used successfully for efficient generation of ultraviolet light from visible light source. They are suitable for use with the most powerful lasers for second and higher harmonic generation laser light and as an optical parametric amplifier (OPA) and optical parametric oscillator (OPO). Crystal structure of BBO has similarities with a molecular crystal structure and origin of its nonlinear properties is reminiscent of organic nonlinearity of organic crystals. The structure is built from B3O6 rings packed up perpendicularly along the c-direction of hexagonal unit cell.
Comparison of Neodymium Laser Hosts Based on Fluoro-Apatite Structure
Authors: Loutts G. B. , Hong P. , Chai B. H. T.
Published: May 2017

A comparative study of the Czochralski crystal growth of Ca and Sr fluoro-phosphate, Ca and Sr fluoro- and chloro-vanadate is reported. Sr fluoro-phosphate and fluoro-vanadate demonstrate the best overall properties and crystal quality. Codoping of the fluoro-apatite crystals with Si4+ or Ge4+ ions increases the neodymium distribution coefficient but somewhat deteriorate the Nd3+ emission.
Pressure Studies of Energy Transfer in Cr3+:Tm3+:YAG
Authors: Wamsley Paula R. , Bray Kevin L.
Published: May 2017

The effect of pressure on the spectrum and energy transfer properties of Cr3+:Tm3+:YAG has been considered. The results of cw and pulsed luminescence experiments are reported. The high pressure cw experiments demonstrate the existence of 1G4 → 3H5 emission from Tm3+. We believe this emission is also present in Tm3+:YAG at ambient pressure and has been previously misassigned. High pressure pulsed luminescence studies indicate a lengthening of the lifetime of Cr3+ in Cr3+:Tm3+.YAG and indicate that the rate of energy transfer from Cr3+ to Tm3+ decreases with increasing pressure. We interpret this result in terms of a destabilization of the 4T2 level of Cr3+ with increasing pressure.
Organic Single Crystals for Electronic and Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Schön J. H. , Kloc Ch. , Dodabalapur A. , Batlogg B.
Published: May 2017

In order to investigate the capabilities and limitations of organic semiconductor devices high-quality single crystals of these materials have been grown and their properties have been investigated. The observation of the Integer and Fractional Quantum Hall effect in organic semiconductors reveals the similarity to conventional inorganic semiconductor materials, such as Si or GaAs. In addition, electronic as well as optoelectronic devices based on such crystals have been prepared leading to the demonstration of ambipolar field-effect transistors and electrically- pumped solid state lasers.
Electric Field Induced Ionization of the Exciton in Poly(Phenylene Vinylene)
Authors: Wang Jian , Moses Daniel , Heeger Alan J. , Kirova N. , Brazovski S.
Published: May 2017

The exciton binding energy (Eb) and the band gap energy (Eg) of poly(phenylene vinylene), PPV, have been determined by photoconductivity excitation profile spectroscopy as a function of light polarization, applied electric field, and temperature. The spectral signature of the exciton is a narrow peak (100 meV full width at half maximum) that emerges just below the band edge upon increasing the external field, the temperature or the defect density. The exciton peak is observed only for light polarized parallel to the chain axis. The exciton binding energy is obtained from the energy of the exciton peak with respect to the band edge and, independently from analysis of the field dependence of the exciton dissociation. It is Eb ≈ 60 meV.
Synthesis of New Building Blocks for Light Emitting Polymers
Authors: Fischmeister C. , Geneste F. , Holmes A. B. , Ma Y. , Martin R. E. , Sano T. , Tuan C.-S , Cacialli F. , Riehn R. H. , Friend R. H.
Published: May 2017

The synthesis of poly(2,3-dibutoxy-1,4-phenylene vinylene) (DB-PPV) has allowed the study of this material as the active layer in a multiple layer device using a composite combination of polymer and Alq3 with an oxadiazole as electron injection/transport layers. The luminous efficiency of the resulting device was significantly improved as a result of this combination of transport layers. An entirely new approach to the synthesis of monomers for PPV precursors is described in which the 2- and 5- substituents are introduced by directed metallation groups (DMGs) which ultimately become the bis(halomethyl) groups.
Self-Assembly of Phenylene Ethynylene Diazonium Salts on Metal Surfaces as Potential Molecular Wires
Authors: Kosynkin Dmitry V. , Yang Jiping , Tour James M.
Published: May 2017

A series of substituted phenylene ethynylene diazonium salts were prepared from the corresponding anilines by the action of nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate in sulfolane-acetonitrile solvent. Formation of self-assembled layers of the diazonium salts in acetonitrile solution was demonstrated on Au, Cu and Pt surfaces. The self-assembly rate of the diazonium salts was found to be markedly dependent on the electron withdrawing character of the substituents attached to the aromatic rings.
Optical Modeling of Organic Light-Emitting Diode Multilayer Device Structures
Authors: Kahen K. B.
Published: May 2017

We present an exact classical solution to the problem of dipole emission in a planar multilayer organic light-emitting diode (OLED) device. The inputs to the model are the photoluminescence and quantum yield of the emitter material, and the device layer thicknesses and indices of refraction. The results of the model are applied to predicting the radiant intensity of OLEDs as a function of varying device layer thickness. It is shown that the calculated radiances are in excellent agreement with the data; this suggests that at constant current the variation in electroluminescence caused by modifications of the layer thicknesses can be completely accounted for by optical effects. Finally, we present results (for positions both internal and external to the diodes) for the Poynting power distribution from a randomly aligned dipole in the emission layer.
Conjugated Polymer Thin Film Transistors Constructed Using Ohmic and Schottky Source/Drain Contacts
Authors: Lloyd Giles , Eccleston Bill
Published: May 2017

Measurement and theory are presented for accumulation mode P3AT TFTs with Schottky and ohmic contacts. The polymer has been allowed to turn p type through exposure to air. Sample characteristics for gold contact TFTs are presented. Mobility values are 0.2 cm2/Vs and are comparable to the best reported.

Using Schottky contacts as the source and drain electrodes can reduce off currents due to the existence of potential barriers at the contact. The presence, however, of the Schottky depletion region changes the mode of operation. A model is presented to describe the sub- threshold and gradual channel regions. Devices constructed using titanium show good agreement with the model. Transconductance for these devices is reduced when compared to ohmic contact devices with calculated mobilities of 0.01 cm2/Vs. Much smaller channel lengths are, however, possible in this technology. Off currents are found to be completely independent of gate voltage indicating good control of the off current by the Schottky junctions. Little or no gate modulation has been observed, to date, for aluminium and chromium contact devices.
Prediction of Charge Transport Properties of Molecular Materials by Ab Initio Molecular Orbital Calculations
Authors: Sotoyama Wataru , Hayano Tomoaki , Sato Hiroyuki , Matsuura Azuma , Narusawa Toshiaki
Published: May 2017

We developed a method to predict the charge transport (CT) type (hole or electron) in molecular materials that uses molecular orbital calculations. The hole-and-electron-mobility ratios of molecular materials were calculated based on molecular structural reorganization energies in a charge hopping process. The CT types predicted from the calculated mobility ratios agreed with those experimentally obtained in seven of the eight model molecules.
Injecting Inter-Layers and the Built-in Potential of Blue Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Brown Thomas M. , Millard Ian S. , Lacey David J. , Burroughes Jeremy H. , Friend Richard H. , Cacialli Franco
Published: May 2017

The semiconducting-polymer/injecting-electrode heterojunction plays a crucial part in the operation of organic solid state devices. In polymer light-emitting diodes (LEDs), a common fundamental structure employed is Indium-Tin-Oxide/Polymer/Al. However, in order to fabricate efficient devices, alterations to this basic structure have to be carried out. The insertion of thin layers, between the electrodes and the emitting polymer, has been shown to greatly enhance LED performance, although the physical mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. Here, we use electro-absorption measurements of the built-in potential to monitor shifts in the barrier height at the electrode/polymer interface. We demonstrate that the main advantage brought about by inter-layers, such as poly(ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulphonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) at the anode and Ca, LiF and CsF at the cathode, is a marked reduction of the barrier to carrier injection. The electro- absorption results also correlate with the electroluminescent characteristics of the LEDs.
Large Area, Rubber Stamped Plastic Circuits for Electronic Paper
Authors: Rogers John A. , Baldwin Kirk , Bao Zhenan , Dodabalapur Ananth , Raju V.R. , Ewing Jay , Amundson Karl
Published: May 2017

This paper illustrates the use of a high resolution form of rubber stamping, known as microcontact printing (μCP), for patterning plastic active matrix drive circuitry designed for electronic paper. The high resolution (∼1 [.mu]m) of the printed elements, the large area coverage (∼1 sq. ft.) and the good electrical performance of these systems suggest that the methods, materials and processing sequences may be attractive for realistic applications of plastic electronics.
Electrochromic Behavior of Ionically Self-Assembled Thin Films
Authors: Janik J.A. , Heflin J.R. , Marciu D. , Miller M.B. , Davis R.M.
Published: May 2017

Ionically self-assembled monolayers (ISAMs), fabricated by alternate adsorption of cationic and anionic components, yield exceptionally homogeneous thin films with sub- nanometer control of the thickness and relative spatial location of the component materials. Using organic electrochromic materials such as polyaniline, we report studies of electrochromic responses in ISAM films. Reversible changes in the absorption spectrum are observed with the application of voltages on the order of 1.0 V. Measurements are made using both liquid electrolytes and in all-solid state devices incorporating solid polyelectrolytes such as poly(2- acylamido 2-methyl propane sulfonic acid) (PAMPS).
Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Susceptibilities of New p-N,N'-Diamethylaniline Tetrathiafulvalene Derivatives
Authors: Sahraoui B. , Pluciński K.J. , Makowaska-Janusik M. , Kityk I. V. , Salle M. , Gorgues A.
Published: May 2017

A study was made of third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities of new tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) derivatives, using the degenerate four wave mixing (DFWM) method, as well as complex quantum chemical calculations. To understand the physical nature of the optical nonlinearities, we separated their electronic and nuclear contributions. We found that the electronic contribution to these nonlinearities predominated. Our investigations suggest that TTF may be a highly promising material for nonlinear optics (NLO).
Obrazy medialne – obrazy mentalne. Wybrane aspekty retoryki obrazu medialnego (na przykładzie wizerunku obcego/innego)
Authors: Cich Bernadeta , Drąg Katarzyna
Published: May 2017

Artykuł dotyczy problemu dostosowania narzędzi do opisu retoryki obrazu medialnego i mentalnego. Wybrane aspekty zjawiska zostały pokazane na przykładach wizerunku obcego (Romowie, migranci) w mediach wizualnych. Retoryczny opis takiego komunikatu – tekstu medialnego – wymyka się narzędziom klasycznej retoryki, której przedmiotem opisu jest język. Powstaje potrzeba analizy tekstu obrazowego z uwzględnieniem warsztatu filmowego. Szkic dotyczy kultury wizualnej postrzeganej z perspektywy medioznawczej.
Validação do Function Observational Learning Questionnaire para o Português - Brasil
Authors: Hayassaka Taciane Adeline Castelan , Marques Priscila Garcia
Published: May 2017

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi obter evidências de validade transcultural para a língua portuguesa - Brasil do Function of Observational Learning Questionnaire (FOLQ). Participaram do estudo atletas de natação, handebol e voleibol de ambos os sexos (n=362). O alpha de Cronbach e o coeficiente de Kappa foram utilizados para avaliar a consistência interna dos itens. Análise Fatorial Confirmatória foi realizada para verificar a adequabilidade do instrumento ao modelo conceitual. Para avaliar a fidedignidade teste-reteste, utilizou-se o teste t de student, com p < 0,05 para diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Os resultados mostram que foram obtidas evidências de validade para a língua portuguesa com 17 questões, mantendo os três fatores originais: habilidade, desempenho e estratégia.
O Envolvimento Paterno em Famílias de Diferentes Níveis Socioeconômicos
Authors: Gomes Quele de Souza , Alvarenga Patrícia
Published: May 2017

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar o envolvimento paterno em famílias de diferentes níveis socioeconômicos. Participaram 81 pais de crianças entre 4 e 6 anos, que foram classificados em três níveis socioeconômicos de acordo com a escala Hollingshead. Os pais responderam ao Questionário de Engajamento Paterno e à Ficha de Dados Sociodemográficos. Foram utilizados os testes ANCOVA e Kruskal-Wallis para verificar as diferenças no envolvimento paterno entre os grupos. Os resultados não revelaram diferenças no envolvimento paterno entre os grupos de diferentes níveis socioeconômicos, exceto na dimensão cuidados básicos. Discute-se a semelhança entre os três grupos e como as novas concepções e expectativas sobre a paternidade estão sendo compartilhadas por diferentes estratos da sociedade.
Subsídios para a construção de projetos em pesquisa social: reflexões epistemológicas e metodológicas
Authors: Fernandes Fernando Manuel Bessa , Moreira Marcelo Rasga , Fortes Pablo Dias
Published: May 2017

RESUMO O artigo dirige-se a alunos, docentes e pesquisadores. Visa a contribuir para o debate sobre construção e desenvolvimento de projetos de pesquisa, a partir da experiência profissional dos autores na docência da disciplina Metodologia em Pesquisa Social, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública do DCS/Ensp/Fiocruz (Departamento de Ciências Sociais da Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz). Busca-se refletir sobre questões comuns, como: O que são 'projeto de pesquisa', 'metodologia', 'método', 'objeto', 'objetivos', 'técnicas'? Como superar a recorrente confusão que se faz entre essas palavras, que gera problemas na construção de projetos? Como pensar as relações entre tais conceitos no processo de construção de um projeto de pesquisa e durante a sua execução?
As condições de saúde dos trabalhadores a partir dos exames periódicos de saúde
Authors: Mendes Eliane de Assis , Teixeira Liliane Reis , Bonfatti Renato José
Published: May 2017

RESUMO Objetivou-se apresentar o perfil de saúde dos trabalhadores de uma unidade federal que realizaram os exames periódicos de saúde. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e exploratório, no qual foram analisados 503 prontuários ocupacionais. Houve equilíbrio na participação por gênero e, proporcionalmente, uma maior participação dos servidores (70,6%). Em relação às condições de saúde, os celetistas apresentaram maiores queixas referentes a problemas respiratórios (52,5%); e os servidores, questões do aparelho circulatório (25,6%). Considera-se igualar não só os instrumentos, mas a qualidade da avaliação para os trabalhadores celetistas, melhorando os dados para propor ações de promoção.
Representações sociais de estudantes de escolas públicas sobre as pessoas que vivem com HIV/Aids
Authors: Angelim Rebeca Coelho de Moura , Pereira Verônica Mirelle Alves Oliveira , Freire Daniela de Aquino , Brandão Brígida Maria Gonçalves de Melo , Abrão Fátima Maria da Silva
Published: May 2017

RESUMO O estudo objetivou analisar as representações sociais dos jovens e adultos acerca de suas vivências ante a pessoa com Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana/Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida (HIV/Aids). Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de caráter exploratório com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido com 59 alunos do Programa de Educação de Jovens e Adultos, matriculados em duas escolas do município de Recife. Utilizou-se a técnica de entrevistas. Os dados foram analisados com apoio do software Alceste 4.5. Conclui-se que há necessidade de integrar temas sobre a conscientização social acerca da Aids. Ressalta-se a importância do enfermeiro como facilitador em colaborar para a desmistificação de sentimentos e atitudes referentes às pessoas com HIV.
Suprema Corte e segregação racial nos moinhos da Guerra Fria
Authors: Romanelli Sandro Luís Tomás Ballande , Tomio Fabrício Ricardo de Limas
Published: May 2017

Resumo Este artigo investiga a influência da política externa norte-americana na Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos da América no julgamento do caso Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, de 1954, buscando demonstrar a permeabilidade daquela Corte aos interesses da política externa norte-americana. Tomando como ponto de partida os argumentos em dois precedentes da Corte envolvendo questões de raça (casos Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1856 e Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896), defende-se que a mudança de entendimento da Corte – que resultou na declaração de inconstitucionalidade das leis de segregação racial nas escolas – tem como um de seus pilares a necessidade de melhoria da imagem dos Estados Unidos no plano internacional, inserida no contexto de Guerra Fria. Neste aspecto, o artigo busca contrapor a tradicional leitura de que o caso seria mostra exemplar do ativismo político da Corte, lançando a hipótese de que a atuação contramajoritária da Suprema Corte foi fortemente incentivada por setores do próprio governo, como demonstram peças processuais e notícias jornalísticas dos bastidores da decisão.
Sociologia e história na obra de José de Souza Martins
Authors: Soto William Héctor Gómez
Published: May 2017

Resumo O autor analisa a sociologia de José de Souza Martins, centrando a atenção em sua perspectiva teórica e seu método dialético. Martins escolhe como objeto aquilo que está à margem da sociedade e das ciências sociais, como, por exemplo, o destino das populações rurais, os sonhos dos trabalhadores das grandes cidades, a aparição do demônio numa fábrica e a vida cotidiana do homem simples. Discípulo de Florestan Fernandes, Martins dialoga com Marx e Lefebvre, dos quais toma duas noções fundamentais: a de menos-valia e a de resíduo. O autor deste artigo destaca que essas duas noções, aparentemente insignificantes, são a chave para compreender a contribuição de Martins. Na sociologia de Martins, o que está à margem e que é liminar não apenas é um tema como também, e principalmente, um recurso metodológico.
FDA Approval Summary: Pembrolizumab for the Treatment of Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Disease Progression on or After Platinum-Containing Chemotherapy
Authors: Larkins Erin , Blumenthal Gideon M. , Yuan Weishi , He Kun , Sridhara Rajeshwari , Subramaniam Sriram , Zhao Hong , Liu Chao , Yu Jingyu , Goldberg Kirsten B. , McKee Amy E. , Keegan Patricia , Pazdur Richard
Published: May 2017

On August 5, 2016, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration granted accelerated approval to pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA injection, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Kenilworth, NJ) for treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy. Approval was based on the objective response rate (ORR) and duration of response (DoR) in a cohort of patients in a nonrandomized multi-cohort trial (KEYNOTE-012) that included 174 patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC who had disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy. Patients received either intravenous pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks or 200 mg every 3 weeks. ORR was determined by independent review according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1. ORR was 16% (95% confidence interval 11, 22) with a complete response rate of 5%. DoR ranged from 2.4+ months to 27.7+ months. Twenty-three of 28 responding patients (82%) had response durations of ≥6 months. Safety was evaluated in 192 patients with HNSCC receiving at least one dose of pembrolizumab. Frequent (≥2%) serious adverse reactions were pneumonia, dyspnea, confusional state, vomiting, pleural effusion, and respiratory failure. Clinically significant immune-mediated adverse reactions included pneumonitis, colitis, hepatitis, adrenal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, skin toxicity, myositis, and thyroid disorders. The benefit-risk profile of pembrolizumab was considered acceptable in this patient population. As a condition of accelerated approval, Merck is required to conduct a confirmatory trial; this trial, KEYNOTE-040, is ongoing.
Leachate pre-treatment using non-woven geotextile filters
Authors: Silva Suzana A , Palmeira Ennio M
Published: May 2017

Geotextiles have been used as filters in geotechnical and geoenvironmental works for decades. They are cost-effective, easy to install and they reduce or avoid the need for exploitation and utilisation of natural granular filter materials. This study investigated the filtration function of geotextiles applied to the pre-treatment of leachate from a domestic waste landfill. Equipment was assembled where vertical panels of non-woven geotextiles were used as filters for raw leachate from a landfill. Five geotextiles with masses per unit area between 134 and 1800 g/m2 were tested, and up to three filter panels were employed in the tests. Several chemical and biological parameters of the leachate were measured before and after filtration. A local sand filter was also tested for comparison. The results obtained showed that the geotextile filters reduced the values of leachate parameters, with a reduction of up to 42% in the case of chemical oxygen demand. The toxicity of the pre-treated leachate was also reduced to some extent, and the geotextile filter performed better than the sand filter tested in most of the cases. The filter arrangement employed may be particularly relevant for the pre-treatment of leachate from landfills of small- to medium-sized communities.
Particle shape quantification using rotation-invariant spherical harmonic analysis
Authors: Zhao B. D. , Wei D. H. , Wang J. F.
Published: May 2017

A three-dimensional particle surface can be mathematically represented by a spherical harmonic (SH) coefficient matrix through surface parameterisation and SH expansion. However, this matrix depends not only on the particle shape, but also on the size, position and orientation. This study adopts a rotation-invariant analysis to explore the relationship between SH coefficient matrices and particle shape characteristics. Particle shapes are quantified at different scales (i.e. form, roundness and compactness). These methods are applied to two groups of particles [i.e. Leighton Buzzard sand (LBS) particles and LBS fragments] with distinct shape features. Using rotation invariants, the multi-scale nature of the particle shape is illustrated, and two novel shape descriptors are defined. The results in this paper serve as a starting point for the generation of particle shapes with the prescribed shape features using SHs.
The Role of Transfer Prices in Profit-Shifting by U.S. Multinational Firms: Evidence from the 2004 Homeland Investment Act
Authors: Flaaen Aaron
Published: May 2017

Using unique transaction-level microdata, this paper documents profit-shifting behavior by U.S. multinational firms via the strategic transfer pricing of intra-firm trade. A simple model reveals how differences in tax rates, both the corporate tax rates across countries and the dividend repatriation tax rate over time, affect the worldwide profit-maximizing transfer-prices set by firms for intra-firm exports and imports. I test the predictions of the model in the context of the 2004 Homeland Investment Act (HIA), a one-time tax repatriation holiday which generated a discreet change in the incentives for U.S. firms to shift profits to low-tax jurisdictions. Matching individual trade transactions by firm, product, country, mode-of-transport, and month across arms-length and related-party transactions (following Bernard, Jensen, and Schott (2006) ) yields a measure of the transfer-price wedge at a point in time. A difference-in-difference strategy reveals that this wedge responds as predicted by the model: In the period following passage of the HIA, the export transfer price wedge increased in low-tax relative to high-tax countries, while the import transfer price wedge exhibited the opposite behavior. Consistent with the form of tax avoidance known as "round-tripping, the results imply $6 billion USD of under-reported U.S. exports, nearly $7 billion USD of over-reported U.S. imports, and roughly $2 billion USD in foregone U.S. corporate tax receipts.
CONCEPTUALISATION OF ACADEMIC STAFF’S DIDACTIC PRACTICES IN THE CONTEXT OF PROFESSIONALISATION
Authors: Jatkauskienė Birutė , Acienė Elvyra
Published: May 2017

The article presents a theoretical discourse of academic staff’s didactic practices with a particular emphasis on importance of conceptualisation of their didactic practices in the professionalisation context. The authors analyse the essence of didactic practice conceptualisation studies and their contribution to the professionalisation process, disclose the interrelations of conceptualisation of didactic practices and lecturers’ professional behaviour, their role-playing and models of didactic practices, that are oriented to the study process organisation, planning programmes, modules and classes, a search of information transmittal forms, the use of advanced teaching methods, as well as student counselling and communication. On the basis of the didactic practice conceptualisation studies, the authors argue that the analysis of conceptualisation of lecturers’ didactic practices and their professional behaviour (performance models, roles) can be helpful in adding missing elements to the professionalisation of academic staff and suggest strategies for professional development.
DIARY OF A MOTHER IN A MODERN FAMILY AND ITS ROLE IN THE FORMATION OF ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE CHILD
Authors: Romenkova Valentīna
Published: May 2017

The study is devoted to factors of development of mother’s attitude towards her child and the reflection of this attitude by keeping a diary. Keeping of mother’s diary became common in privileged circles only in late 19th century. Scientists recommended it as a means of professionalization of motherhood, to improve the quality of childcare, and as an aid for pediatric control. Mother’s diary was preceded by scientist diaries, which, in fact, became first scientific sources when assessing child’s development. Currently there are new issues affecting the relationship between mother and child. They concern the family – the environment that takes in the child and determines the direction of his development. Issues include the loss of social significance of motherhood, promotion of the “desired” child, propaganda of maternal realization in her career, having fewer children and other phenomena that did not exist before. As a result of having fewer children, the expectant mother has little contact with babies before the birth of her own, she does not acquire communication experience with younger brothers or sisters, which reduces the ability to understand and accept her own children. If in the relatively recent past it was possible to speak of a “natural” motherhood – rich, multi-generational experience of feeding and nurturing children, then in the so-called developed society motherhood (generalized social attitudes) is forced to rely on the experience of the new mother herself, who chooses a method to make up for the deficiencies in maternal education. Therefore, the theme of the study of mother’s characteristics effect on the emotional, moral, and spiritual development is to be actively developed and topical. Mother’s diary is a means to improve the educational self-analysis of the mother and the reflection of her love and affection to the child.
THE JUNIOR LEARNER’S MORAL – ETHICAL EVALUATION ACTION BUILDUP
Authors: Vitkovskaya Irina , Khrabrova Tatiana
Published: May 2017

The moral – ethical evaluation action in the federal state educational standard of primary education is regarded as a universal educational activity, the formation of which provides the optimal development of junior learners, the possibility of a successful continuation of education, adaptation in society.

The article describes one of the approaches to the formation of the action based on the content of the subject "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture"
POSITION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION IN LITHUANIAN GENERAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM AND IN EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN GENERAL EDUCATION SCHOOL
Authors: Prakapas Romas , Žibėnienė Gintautė
Published: May 2017

Entrepreneurship, as one of today’s most relevant competences, is widely discussed in the public space. We must admit that scientific discussions have not yet led to a unanimous definition of the phenomenon, although the studies themselves are quite abundant. On the other hand, considering the social reality as being subject to constant change, it is also important to analyse the documents which are directly related to change of content of the said education. Scientific problem can be set as follows: what entrepreneurship education is provided in today’s general education school of Lithuania. Purpose – toreveal position of entrepreneurship education in Lithuanian general education curriculum and in educational process in general education school. It analysed the regulations on the Lithuanian general school curriculum content of the school year 2016-2017 in terms of the development of entrepreneurship: strategies, curricula, resources, etc. The analysis shows that in terms of modelling of curriculum formal education is aimed at training entrepreneurship following the principles of holistic approach, integrity and consistency. Lithuanian general curricula for general education are modelled in such a way that the learners integrally understand entrepreneurship, from different perspectives of subjects, as an integral competence.
TOLERANCE AS AN EXHIBITION OF HUMANISM FOR THE RISING GENERATION
Authors: Marchenoka Marina
Published: May 2017

The mankind is going the way of the fast scientific and technological progress, at the same time feeling shortage of respect, kindness, and mutual understanding in this global process. The modern scientific and technical progress is leaving behind the moral or ethical progress stimulating emergence of new forms of spiritual impoverishment, cruelty, violence and hostility. The best humanistic principles, which are based on mutual aid, sympathy are depreciating, blurring the very concept of the moral. The situation gives evidence of the process of dehumanisation of the society, when the person’s value becomes lower than other values.

The relevance of examination of tolerance in the aspect of humanisation is determined by the society’s demand for development of relations of a new type, which would be grounded on humanistic base, where every person is regarded as the highest value, where there is a priority of general human values against ethnic values, where the basic principle of people’s relations are: benevolence, humanity, mercy and respect.
CREATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHER PROFESSIONAL LEARNING COMMUNITY: INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS
Authors: Monkevicius Justinas , Čiužas Renaldas
Published: May 2017

The article presents a theoretical and empirical analysis of institutional factors of creation and development of successful teacher professional learning communities. On the basis of the conducted theoretical analysis, institutional factors were systemised and divided into four groups:factors related to organisational culture, to processes, to organisational structure, and factors related to financial and material resources.The empirical research reveals the relevance of theoretically distinguished factors to the practical processes of creation and development of successful teacher professional learning communities. It also singles out new factors that have not been investigated by other scholars and highlights the encountered barriers.
NON-TECHNICAL SKILL ADVISABLE AND ACTUAL SITUATION ANALYSIS
Authors: Bankovičs Arnis , Ivaņinoka Ieva , Jansons Andris
Published: May 2017

essential high-risk professions component is non-technical skills - human cognitive and social skill set. These skills gets and are integrated together with technical skills. This paper is discussed in the context of the three groups - cognitive skills, social skills and personal resource management skills. Each group includes important non-technical skills, without which high-risk professions would be unable to achieve the objectives and fulfill the tasks excellently. One of the following professions is ship navigator. It is believed that these skills are actual direct performance of their duties and non-technical skills are good performance to characterized "the perfect ship navigator." Skills gap arises because insufficient attention is paid to this problem, and due to this the young ship navigators performance is affected negative. This paper aims to describe and analyze the current situation in the preparation of the young ship navigators and compare them with experienced captains results. For performing the tasks was used complex methods to analyze and assess the desired and the real situation in this profession.
LASER AS A DEVICE FOR MEASUREMENT OF THIN THREADS - A SCHOOL LABORATORY EXPERIMENT IN PHYSICS
Authors: Deneva Hristina , Lazov Lyubomir , Teirumnieka Erika
Published: May 2017

The physics of the last century is included in all EU curricula and emphasis in education is shifted from content to the forms, methods and means of teaching and learning. Different kinds of lessons (including laboratory classes) and their didactic structure are subject to the understanding, adoption and creating conditions to build motivation to learn physics and astronomy, active utilization of physical knowledge and building cognitive and practical skills. Performance of demonstration and laboratory classes using a laser device is a type of teaching strategy to good education in physics. Properties of laser light as observation, classification, communication, drawing conclusions, planning, interpretation and forecasting, are particularly suitable when monitoring and studying the phenomena of interference and diffraction. Through both qualitative and quantitate ways, in this paper is presented a physical experiment for measurement of thin threads in a High school from students. Experimental skills will enhance interest in physics and especially to modern applications of laser devices, as well as career guidance of students.
EDUCATIONAL INNOVATION EXPRESSION IN COMMUNITY
Authors: Leliugiene Irena , Simonaitytė Ieva , Kaušylienė Angelė
Published: May 2017

In the article solves the following problematic issue: 1.What educational tools occur in the educational innovation community? The aim of article is to base the resolution of the educational innovations theoretically and empirically. The object of the researches resolution of the educational innovation. General research results. Performed the data analysis suggests that the surveyed communities are sufficiently concentrated, and members of the activity level is high enough, focus and activity is sufficient. As well as in communities dominated by positive approach to training and education, the absolute majority of respondents are motivated to learn and improve. An analysis chairman of community operational assessments showed that most community leader applies novation to develop an innovative learning environment in the planning and allocation of resources as well as finding new opportunities for business development and community members in education