bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New N‐(Substituted phenyl)‐N′‐ [2,3‐dihydro‐2‐oxido‐3‐(4′‐fluorophenyl)‐1H‐(1,3,2)benzoxazaphosphorin 2‐yl]ureas.
Authors: Haranath P. , Kumar V. Sreedhar , Reddy C. Suresh , Raju C. Naga , Reddy C. Devendranath
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel Norditerpene from Eupatorium adenophorum.
Authors: Wang Ming‐Zhong , Cai Xiang‐Hai , Du Guo‐Shun , Luo Xiao‐Dong
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Two New Leucosesterterpenes from Leucosceptrum canum.
Authors: Choudhary Muhammad Iqbal , Ranjit Rosa , Atta‐ur‐Rahman Atta‐ur‐Rahman , Devkota Krishna Prasad , Shrestha Tirtha Maiya
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthetic and Isolation Studies Related to the Marine Natural Products (+)‐Elisabethadione (I) and (+)‐Elisabethamine (II).
Authors: Dai Xing , Wan Zhongliang , Kerr Russell G. , Davies Huw M. L.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Progress Towards the Total Synthesis of Trichodermamides A (IIa) and B (IIb): Construction of the Oxazine Ring Moiety (I).
Authors: Wan Xiaobo , Doridot Gabriel , Joullie Madeleine M.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Readily Available Amino Acid Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Phosphole‐Containing Peptides.
Authors: van Zutphen Steven , Margarit Vicente J. , Mora Guilhem , Le Floch Pascal
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Versatile Strategy for C‐Aryl Glycosides.
Authors: Kaliappan Krishna P. , Subrahmanyam Ayyagari V.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Direct Azidation of Unprotected Carbohydrates with PPh3/CBr4/NaN3. Modulation of the Degree of Substitution.
Authors: Gouin Sebastien G. , Kovensky Jose
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Antihyperglycemic and Antidyslipidemic Agent from Aegle marmelos.
Authors: Narender T. , et al. et al.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Short, Efficient, and Stereoselective Total Synthesis of a Pyrrolidine Alkaloid: (‐)‐Codonopsinine.
Authors: Reddy Jangari Santhosh , Rao Batchu Venkateswara
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Concise, Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Alstonerine.
Authors: Miller Kenneth A. , Martin Stephen F.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Concise Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Marcfortine B.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Cramer Nicolai , Bernsmann Heiko
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New and Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Alkoxyapomorphines.
Authors: Berenyi Sandor , Csutoras Csaba , Sipos Attila , Gyulai Zsuzsanna
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oligonucleotide Analogues with Integrated Bases and Backbone. Part 15. Synthesis and Association of Ethenylene‐Linked Self‐Complementary Dimers.
Authors: Zhang Xiaomin , Bernet Bruno , Vasella Andrea
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Formal Synthesis of Psymberin.
Authors: Shangguan Ning , Kiren Sezgin , Williams Lawrence J.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of Azumamide A (Ia) and Azumamide E (Ib): Evaluation as Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors, and Design of a More Potent Analogue (Ic).
Authors: Wen Shijun , Carey Krystle L. , Nakao Yoichi , Fusetani Nobuhiro , Packham Graham , Ganesan A.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Practical and Efficient Entry to Isoflavones by Pd(0)/C‐Mediated Suzuki—Miyaura Reaction. Total Synthesis of Geranylated Isoflavones.
Authors: Felpin Francois‐Xavier , Lory Cecile , Sow Hawaa , Acherar Samir
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Efficient Synthesis of (+)‐Decursinol from Umbelliferone.
Authors: Lee Jung Ho , Bang Hyun Bae , Han Su Young , Jun Jong‐Gab
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Isolation and Structure Elucidation of a Potent Growth Inhibitor, Helian, from Blue Light‐Illuminated Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Hypocotyls.
Authors: Hasegawa Tsuyoshi , Togo Shigenori , Hisamatsu Yosuke , Yamada Kosumi , Suenaga Kiyotake , Sekiguchi Mitsuhiro , Shigemori Hideyuki , Hasegawa Koji
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Current and Emerging Targets to Treat Neuropathic Pain.
Authors: Butera John A.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nitroimidazoles. Part 3. Synthesis and anti‐HIV Activity of New N‐Alkyl‐4‐nitroimidazoles Bearing Benzothiazole and Benzoxazole Backbones.
Authors: Al‐Soud Yaseen A. , Al‐Sa'doni Haitham , Amajaour Houssain A. S. , Al‐Masoudi Najim A.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pressure‐ and Field‐Induced Non‐Fermi‐Liquid Behaviors in a Heavy‐Fermion Antiferromagnet Ce7Ni3.
Authors: Umeo K. , Takabatake T.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Low‐Temperature Anomalies in Magnetic, Electric Transport and Thermal Properties of CeRhSn
Authors: Slebarski Andrzej
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cantilever Stress Measurements of Ferromagnetic Monolayers
Authors: Sander D. , Kirschner J.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
High Temperature Ferromagnetism and Nano‐Scale Phase Separations in Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors and Oxides
Authors: Dietl T.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Thermochemistry of Sulfide Mineral Solutions
Authors: Sack Richard O. , Ebel Denton S.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stanna‐closo‐dodecaborate Chemistry
Authors: Gaedt Torben , Wesemann Lars
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Exploring Chemical Space with Organometallics: Ruthenium Complexes as Protein Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Meggers Eric , Atilla‐Gokcumen G. Ekin , Bregman Howard , Maksimoska Jasna , Mulcahy Seann P. , Pagano Nicholas , Williams Douglas S.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Creation of Fullerene‐Based Artificial Photosynthetic Systems
Authors: Imahori Hiroshi
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ruthenium Allenylidene Complexes. A Promising Alternative in Metathesis Catalysis
Authors: Dragutan Ileana , Dragutan Valerian
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Advances in Metal‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Additions
Authors: Christoffers Jens , Koripelly Girish , Rosiak Anna , Roessle Michael
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Development of Dendrimers: Macromolecules for Use in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes and Solar Cells
Authors: Lo Shih‐Chun , Burn Paul L.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Micro‐ and Nanopatterning Techniques for Organic Electronic and Optoelectronic Systems
Authors: Menard Etienne , Meitl Matthew A. , Sun Yugang , Park Jang‐Ung , Shir Daniel Jay‐Lee , Nam Yun‐Suk , Jeon Seokwoo , Rogers John A.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Efficient Organic Devices Based on Electrically Doped Transport Layers
Authors: Walzer K. , Maennig B. , Pfeiffer M. , Leo K.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Conjugated Polymer‐Based Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Guenes Serap , Neugebauer Helmut , Sariciftci Niyazi Serdar
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Natural Product Growth Inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Copp Brent R. , Pearce A Norrie
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Thirty‐Five Years of Synthetic Studies Directed Towards the Histrionicotoxin Family of Alkaloids
Authors: Sinclair Alex , Stockman Robert A.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Direct and Efficient Organic Synthesis Using Indium Catalysts
Authors: Yasuda Makoto
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Studies on Organic Synthesis Inspired by Carbohydrates
Authors: Suzuki Keisuke
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Cyclizations via Rhodacycle Intermediates: Application to the Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Epiglobulol
Authors: Oonishi Yoshihiro , Mori Miwako , Sato Yoshihiro
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Transition of Methylenation Reaction — The Outcome of “Ingredients of Couldron”
Authors: Matsubara Seijiro
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Selective Molecular Transformation of 1,2‐Diols Based on Molecular Recognition
Authors: Matsumura Yoshihiro , Onomura Osamu , Demizu Yosuke
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Organotrifluoroborates: Protected Boronic Acids that Expand the Versatility of the Suzuki Coupling Reaction
Authors: Molander Gary A. , Ellis Noel
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Modifications of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics Targeting RNA
Authors: Zhou Jian , Wang Guannan , Zhang Li‐He , Ye Xin‐Shan
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Evolution of Progesterone Receptor Ligands
Authors: Madauss Kevin P. , Stewart Eugene L. , Williams Shawn P.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nicotinic Acid Receptor Subtypes and Their Ligands
Authors: Soudijn Willem , van Wijngaarden Ineke , IJzerman Adriaan P.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthetic Approaches to New Drugs (2005)
Authors: Sakya Subas M. , Li Jin , Liu Kevin K.‐C.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Assisted Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Alcazar Jesus , Diels Gaston , Schoentjes Bruno
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium Analogues of Ketenes
Authors: Spanka C. , Schaumann E.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Bisketenes
Authors: Tidwell T. T.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Halogen‐Substituted Ketenes
Authors: Tidwell T. T.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Progress in the Field of Glycopeptide Synthesis
Authors: Hojo Hironobu , Nakahara Yoshiaki
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Valiolamine and Some Precursors for Bioactive Carbaglycosylamines from (‐)‐vibo‐Quercitol Produced by Biogenesis of myo‐Inositol
Authors: Ogawa Seiichiro , Kanto Miki
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Systematic Synthesis of Aminosugars and Their Stereoselective Glycosylation
Authors: Wang Jinhua , Chang Cheng‐Wei Tom
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthetic Methods to Incorporate α‐Linked 2‐Amino‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucopyranoside and 2‐Amino‐2‐deoxy‐D‐galactopyranoside Residues into Glycoconjugate Structures
Authors: Kerns Robert J. , Wei Peng
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereogenic Phosphorus
Authors: Engel R. , Rizzo J. I.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Electron Transfer and Structural Change: Distinguishing Concerted and Two‐Step Processes
Authors: Macias‐Ruvalcaba Norma A. , Evans Dennis H.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Molecular Mechanisms of agr Quorum Sensing in Virulent Staphylococci
Authors: George Elizabeth A. , Muir Tom W.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Smart Nanomaterials Inspired by Biology: Dynamic Assembly of Error‐Free Nanomaterials in Response to Multiple Chemical and Biological Stimuli
Authors: Lu Yi , Liu Juewen
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nanoparticle Interaction with Biological Membranes: Does Nanotechnology Present a Janus Face?
Authors: Leroueil Pascale R. , Hong Seungpyo , Mecke Almut , Baker James R. Jr. , Orr Bradford G. , Holl Mark M. Banaszak
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regulation of Neuronal Cell Function by Glyco‐Signals
Authors: Higashi Hideyoshi
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Next Generation, Sequentially Assembled Ultrathin Films: Beyond Electrostatics
Authors: Quinn John F. , Johnston Angus P. R. , Such Georgina K. , Zelikin Alexander N. , Caruso Frank
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Direct Cellular Responses to Platinum‐Induced DNA Damage
Authors: Jung Yongwon , Lippard Stephen J.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sludge Minimization Technologies
Authors: Perez‐Elvira S. I. , Nieto Diez P. , Fdz‐Polanco F.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Thermodynamics and Mechanisms of the Formation of Supramolecules and Supramolecular Assemblies of s, p, d and f Elements: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Tsivadze A. Yu. , Ionova G. V. , Mikhalko V. K. , Kostrubov Yu. N.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sorptive Extraction Techniques for Trace Analysis of Organic Pollutants in the Aquatic Environment
Authors: Buchberger Wolfgang , Zaborsky Pola
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structure–Activity Studies on Suramin Analogues as Inhibitors of NAD+‐Dependent Histone Deacetylases (Sirtuins)
Authors: Trapp Johannes , Meier Rene , Hongwiset Darunee , Kassack Matthias U. , Sippl Wolfgang , Jung Manfred
Published: July 2007

Suramin is a symmetric polyanionic naphthylurea originally used for the treatment of trypanosomiasis and onchocerciasis. Suramin and diverse analogues exhibit a broad range of biological actions in vitro and in vivo, including, among others, antiproliferative and antiviral activity. Suramin derivatives usually target purinergic binding sites. Class III histone deacetylases (sirtuins) are amidohydrolases that require nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a cofactor for their catalytic mechanism. Deacetylation of the target proteins leads to a change in conformation and alters the activity of the proteins in question. Suramin was reported to inhibit human sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). We tested a diverse set of suramin analogues to elucidate the inhibition of the NAD+‐dependent histone deacetylases SIRT1 and SIRT2 and discovered selective inhibitors of human sirtuins with potency in the two‐digit nanomolar range. In addition, the structural requirements for the binding of suramin derivatives to sirtuins were investigated by molecular docking. The recently published X‐ray crystal structure of human SIRT5 in complex with suramin and the human SIRT2 structure were used to analyze the interaction mode of the novel suramin derivatives.
Access, access, access
Authors: Milbourne Andrea
Published: July 2007

Cervical cancer remains a significant problem in the U.S., with approximately 10,000 new cases diagnosed annually. Low income and low socioeconomic status appear to be strong risk factors for developing cervical cancer. In this issue of Cancer, Saraiya and colleagues report the results of a 2004 survey of practitioners who offer cervical cancer screening, comparing practices among participants in the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) with those of nonparticipants.
Expanded phase II trial of gemcitabine and capecitabine for advanced biliary cancer
Authors: Riechelmann Rachel P. , Townsley Carol A. , Chin Sheray N. , Pond Gregory R. , Knox Jennifer J.
Published: July 2007

BACKGROUND.

A phase 2 trial of gemcitabine and capecitabine (GemCap) in patients with advanced biliary cancer led to an objective response in approximately 30% of patients and a median survival of 14 months. In the current study, the authors report further efficacy data of a larger cohort of such patients treated with the GemCap regimen.

METHODS.

Patients aged >18 years and who had a diagnosis of locally advanced biliary cancer received first‐line treatment with capecitabine at a dose of 650 mg/m2 twice daily for 14 days and gemcitabine at a dose of 1000 mg/m2 on Day 1 and Day 8, every 3 weeks until disease progression. Tumor response was assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria.

RESULTS.

Between July 2001 and January 2005, 75 patients were enrolled in the study. At a median follow‐up of 9.5 months, the overall response rate was 29% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 19.4–41%), with a median duration of 9.7 months (range, 3–36 months). Three patients achieved complete responses, with a median duration of 17 months (range, 9–27 months). The median progression‐free survival and overall survivals were 6.2 months (95% CI, 4.4–8.3 months) and 12.7 months (95% CI, 9.5–31 months), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS.

The GemCap regimen is active in patients with biliary cancer. Randomized trials are warranted to define the impact of such a regimen on patient survival and quality of life. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Lightweight emulation to study peer‐to‐peer systems
Authors: Nussbaum Lucas , Richard Olivier
Published: July 2007

The current methods used to test and study peer‐to‐peer systems (namely modeling, simulation or execution on real testbeds) often show limits regarding scalability, realism and accuracy. This paper describes and evaluates P2PLab, our framework to study peer‐to‐peer systems by combining emulation (use of the real studied application within a configured synthetic environment) and virtualization. P2PLab is scalable (it uses a distributed network model) and has good virtualization characteristics (many virtual nodes can be executed on the same physical node by using process‐level virtualization). Experiments with the BitTorrent file‐sharing system complete this article and demonstrate the usefulness of this platform. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Telecommunication system architectures: Dealing with complexity
Authors: van den Dool F.
Published: July 2007

The changing environment of telecommunications service operators leads to an increasing customer orientation and an ever increasing complexity. The technical consequence of the increased customer orientation is visible in the higher interest in flexibility engineering. The increasing complexity is becoming the major problem in telecommunication systems of this decade. To deal with this complexity two fundamental capabilities are used: abstraction and structuring. In general, models can be identified on any level of abstraction, e.g. high‐level system behaviour models, high‐level system architectural models and low‐level architectural models. When system complexity increases, more levels of abstraction will be necessary to deal with this complexity. Various methods exist to define models at different levels of abstraction. In this paper three modelling methods are discussed. It is demonstrated that abstraction is used in a similar way in these modelling methods. One particular method for abstraction is the use of the object‐oriented paradigm, a powerful approach for modelling as well as for implementation. Additional structuring methods based on considerations with respect to the functionality, however, remain indispensable in order to keep complexity under control. Those methods, stratification and segregation, are specifically relevant in high level architectural models.
Maximal connected sets—application to microcell CDMA
Authors: Tirkel A. Z. , Osborne C. F. , Mee N. , Rankin G. A. , McAndrew A.
Published: July 2007

Current trends in personal and data communication networks favour code division multiple access (CDMA) as a solution to spectral congestion. This is because of enhanced capacity, security, network flexibility, simplified protocol, and relative immunity to propagation induced errors such as multipath and interference, as compared with traditional frequency division multiple access (FDMA). Various CDMA schemes have been proposed and described in relation to VSAT systems, local area microcells,2 and cellular telephones. Additionally, numerous product applications have emerged in the areas of modems, voice links and wireless local exchanges. These systems require inter‐ and intra‐cell control. By contrast, the scheme presented in this paper places no reliance on intercell protocol. It enables new cells to be added to the network without any impact on the hardware. Network reconfiguration requires software changes only. Therefore, the scheme is appropriate to systems which demand flexibility with minimum overheads.
Staggered multicast protocol with collision‐free acknowledgement in multihop spread spectrum packet radio networks
Authors: Hung Kwok‐Wah , Yum Tak‐Shing
Published: July 2007

The staggered multicast protocol for multihop spread spectrum packet radio networks is suitable for unicasting and broadcasting as well as multicasting. The common‐header/transmitter‐based spreading code is used for data packet transmission and the receiver‐based code is used for acknowledgement packet transmission. By staggering packet transmission the protocol can significantly reduce broadcasting delay. A special addressing method and packet format are also designed to achieve collision‐free acknowledgement and multicast capability. Simulation results show that the protocol provides better throughput‐delay performance than the common‐header/transmitter‐based slotted ALOHA protocol.
Interferences of digital signals
Authors: Hillion Pierre
Published: July 2007

We discuss the interference of two sequences of n pulses reaching a point x of space at two separate times.
Object‐oriented analysis of signalling and control in broadband networks
Authors: Veeraraghavan M. , la Porta T. F.
Published: July 2007

This paper analyses the problem of providing call, connection, channel, and service control in broadband and intelligent networks to support a wide variety of services. A formal methodology called object‐oriented analysis (OOA) is used to analyse this problem. Three types of OOA models are constructed: the information model, state models and the object communication model. From these models, a distributed call processing architecture that proposes separate servers for call control, connection control, channel control and service control, is derived. Based on the events used for inter‐object communication in the object communication model, service‐specific and control‐function specific application service elements are defined as client‐server based protocols.
Bursty ATM user traffic allowed by a jitter tolerant leaky bucket and its impact on link utilization
Authors: Heiss Herbert
Published: July 2007

In a network based on the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), quality of service requirements have to be met even in the presence of users who send traffic as bursty as the policing device allows. For peak cell rate policing with a jitter tolerant leaky bucket, a periodic maximally bursty traffic pattern allowed by the leaky bucket is derived. The impact of this kind of bursty user traffic on the cell loss performance of the remaining sources is investigated by introducing, solving and applying the queueing model Geo(n) + P/D/1/K, where P stands for ‘periodic’. Taking bursty user traffic into account, it is shown that the maximal jitter or cell delay variation allocated to the user and tolerated by the leaky bucket is an important parameter for link utilization. The results help to answer the question under which conditions a shaping function is needed in conjunction with the usage parameter control function.
Influence of sampling period on time and frequency stability measurements
Authors: Carbonelli Marco , de Seta Domenico , Perucchini Daniele , Zampilloni Guido
Published: July 2007

Because of the introduction of SDH based networks, the exigence of performing stability measurements on timing signals is becoming more and more stringent. In this paper, the influence of the measurement sampling period on the behaviour of the stability quantities is analysed and useful information for specification design and assessment purposes are provided.
A performance analysis of the IEEE 802.6 DQDB metropolitan area network protocol
Authors: O'Donohoe Brian
Published: July 2007

This paper describes a performance analysis of the IEEE 802.6 distributed queue dual bus (DQDB) metropolitan area network (MAN) protocol based on computer simulation. The MAN is a new broadband communications network that is designed to support both constant and variable bit rate applications. An overview of the important fast packet technologies and the position of the DQDB MAN is explained before the performance evaluation is carried out. The network is intended to offer high data rates and throughputs for users. The main use will be to interconnect remote LANs within a city and provide LAN‐like performance with respect to delays. The analysis given here begins with a description of the MAN and the operation of the DQDB protocol. A state description is derived and expanded upon. The use of the simulation package OPNET is described and its use in modelling DQDB is explained. The method of modelling using OPNET via an extended state description is given. A model giving the full simplified functional operation of a DQDB node is arrived at and the basic model is used to analyse a fifty‐node network under varying traffic conditions; underload, overload, varied traffic mix, etc. The unfairness characteristic of the protocol is demonstrated and the conclusions drawn are that the DQDB MAN provides a fast data transport network up to very high loadings.
A high‐speed‐retry banyan switch architecture for giga‐bit‐rate BISDN networks
Authors: Genda Kouichi , Yamanaka Naoaki , Arai Yoshimitsu , Kataoka Hideki
Published: July 2007

This paper proposes a high‐speed ATM switch architecture for handling cell rates of several Gb/s in a broadband communication switching system or cross‐connect system. The proposed switch architecture, named the high‐speed‐retry banyan switch, employs a bufferless banyan network between input and output buffers; a cell is repeatedly transmitted from an input buffer until it can be successfully transmitted to the desired output buffer. A simple cell‐retransmission algorithm, is employed as is a ring‐arbitration algorithm for cell conflict. They are suitable for FIFO type buffers and bufferless highspeed devices. Good traffic characteristics which are independent of switch size are achieved for an internal speed ratio of only four times the input line speed. A prototype system with the internal speed of 1·2 Gb/s is constructed in order to confirm the basic operation of the high‐speed‐retry banyan switch. The prototype system, even in its present state, could be used to realize a giga‐bit‐rate BISDN switching system.
Data link layer design issues in a home automation system
Authors: Douligeris Christos , Khawand Jean , Khawand C.
Published: July 2007

In this paper, we examine design issues relevant to the implementation of a data link layer of a home automation system based on the Electronics Industries Association (EIA) Consumer Electronics Bus (CEBus). The hardware and software components of the system are described along with several techniques that enhance the performance of the system, allow for a faster implementation using off‐the‐shelf components and provide low overhead. The proposed design has been incorporated into a basic home automation system (BHAS) that is used as a testbed for alternative technologies and algorithms.
A new token ring protocol and its performance for single and dual ring lan systems
Authors: Obaidat M. S.
Published: July 2007

This paper presents a new protocol for token ring local computer networks and its performance for single and dual ring networks using simulation modelling. The proposed protocol is a modification of the IEEE 802·5 token ring standard. In this protocol, a station can start transmission if it receives a free token or a data packet passing its interface logic. Idle stations are skipped whenever there is at least one station that has a ready packet to transmit. This is achieved by using two of the reserved bits in the frame status (FS) field. The bits used are called transmission reservation bits (TR‐bits). The TR‐bits are reset by the sending station and set by the first station that has data to transmit during the round trip of the associated packet along the ring. It is found that the proposed modified token ring (MTR) protocol provides better throughput and delay performance for both the single and dual ring networks. The reduction in mean delay of the MTR as compared to the standard token ring (STR) reaches about 45 per cent under heavy traffic conditions. Moreover, it is found that the performance of the MTR decreases as the packet size increases but remains higher than the corresponding performance of the STR for both the single and dual ring networks. The MTR provides a maximum throughput improvement of about 6 per cent over the STR for both dual and single ring cases. Finally, the proposed protocol (MTR) is easy to implement, with no extra hardware and has low cost/performance characteristics.
Evolution and service requirements of CBR applications on ATM networks
Authors: Shah Syed I. A. , Ashton P. , Wernik M.
Published: July 2007

Broadband integrated networks based on asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technology are being proposed to provide a single integrated access to a variety of services and applications. Constant bit rate services will form an important part of this unified networking solution. In this paper, we identify and describe the relevant aspects related to the implementation of CBR services on ATM. First, we identify two broad categories of potential CBR services for broadband ATM networks. The ATM infrastructure for the identified services is then developed along with the required functionalities of different network elements. Finally, end‐to‐end performance objectives for the ATM network are determined and verified empirically based on results of laboratory experiments. These performance objectives help us determine the minimum QOS required by the highest class of service category offered by an ATM network.
Frequency hopping sequences with small cross‐correlation
Authors: Komo John J. , Liu Shyh‐Chang
Published: July 2007

The cross‐correlation of frequency hopping sequences obtained from non‐binary m‐sequences represented as vector m‐sequences is developed. Preferred pairs of these vector m‐sequences then yield vector or frequency hopping m‐sequences which are shown to have small three‐and four‐level cross‐correlation values. Modified preferred pairs are developed that yield frequency hopping m‐sequences with reduced peak cross‐correlation.
A high‐capacity broadband packet switch architecture based on a multilink approach
Authors: Widjaja I. , Kim H. S. , Leon‐Garcia A.
Published: July 2007

Broadband packet networks based on asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) are expected to provide a wide range of services, including motion video, voice, data and image. When these networks become prevalent, some applications such as motion video and high‐speed LAN interconnections will place a very large bit rate requirement on the channels. Currently, the physical layer supported by the synchronous optical network (SONET) allows the transmission of up to 2.4 Gbit/s with the OC‐48 optical interface. However, it is not feasible for the electronic packet switch to route packets at this rate on a single link. In this paper we present a design of a broadband packet switch that uses multiple links in parallel to realize a high‐speed channel. This implementation permits the switch to operate at the lower link rate, which can be at 150 Mbit/s, while having the ability to support a virtual circuit at a higher rate (up to 2.4 Gbit/s). The main contribution of the design is that packet sequence on a channel is still maintained even though packets are allowed to use any of the links belonging to the same channel. Besides allowing the switch to function at a slower rate than the transmission channel rate, the implementation of the multilinks benefits from statistical multiplexing gain. Analytical results show the performance advantages of multilink design with respect to delay, throughput and packet loss probability.
Response time performance of a narrowband information broadcast system
Authors: Siu Y. M. , Chan C. K. , Ho K. L.
Published: July 2007

This paper describes the architecture and performance analysis of a system using narrowband broadcasting channels for real‐time information delivery. Broadcast delivery is attractive because a single transmission of a piece of information will satisfy all users waiting for that information. Therefore, the system may support an unlimited number of users with no effect on system response time. The main drawback of these types of systems compared with interactive systems is that a user must wait until the required information arrives. In order to reduce this waiting time, high data rate networks must be used if real‐time information is to be broadcast. In this paper, a new method is proposed to enable inexpensive narrowband networks to be used.
Learning automata routeing in connection‐oriented networks
Authors: Economides Anastasios A.
Published: July 2007

Learning automata are used at the source nodes of a connection‐oriented network to dynamically route newly arriving virtual calls to their destination.

First, two new learning automata are introduced. Then, these two learning automata, as well as the well‐knownLLearning automaton and the deterministic shortest‐path algorithms are used in a simulation program to route virtual calls. The more frequent the updating and the more recent network state information used, the better the performance.

In the sequence, the virtual link length is developed as a function of both the number of packets and the number of virtual calls at the network link. This virtual link length is used in the learning automata routeing algorithm and is shown via simulation to be superior to the minimum packet delay or shortest‐queue‐type link length, usually used in real networks. Thus, in connection‐oriented networks, not only the packet but also the virtual call traffic characteristics should be used in the routeing decisions.

Furthermore, when the network state information is out‐of‐date, or when there are few virtual calls and each one carries a large number of packets, then the virtual link length should be based more on the number of virtual calls than on the number of packets at this link. On the other hand, when the network state information is current and there are many virtual calls and each one carries a small number of packets, then the virtual link length should be based more on the number of packets than on the number of virtual calls at this link.
Some analytical tools for the global performance evaluation of packet switching networks based on virtual paths
Authors: Borella Andrea , Chiaraluce Franco , Meschini Fabrizio
Published: July 2007

We present a simple model for the global performance evaluation of a packet switching network. Through a detailed analytical treatment, a set of formulae is derived which allow a compact and reliable evaluation of the most significant statistical properties of the network, such as the arrival probabilities, the queue states distribution and the mean utilizations of the links. Starting from the knowledge of these quantities, the network can be characterized also taking into account the mutual interaction between different nodes. An example is given with reference to a mesh‐connected structure.
Estimating cell loss rates in high‐speed networks with leaky bucket controlled sources
Authors: Johri Pravin K.
Published: July 2007

This paper deals with high‐speed networks, such as the ATM network, over which data is transferred in cells or packets. Results based on asymptotic analysis of stochastic fluid flow models imply that these networks would have to be run at very low utilization to satisfy the stringent performance requirement of very low cell loss rates. Recent papers have quantified that asymptotic approximations can be quite bad with even a modest number of users sending traffic into the network. In this paper it is shown that two more assumptions in the asymptotic analysis may lead to significant overestimation of the cell loss rates. The more significant of these is the use of the underlying exponential ON durations if sources are policed. The second and less significant is the assumption of an infinite buffer. A new approximate nalytic method is then developed for estimating the cell loss rate with sources policed by a leaky bucket type mechanism. This method focuses directly on the problem of measuring cell losses in the presence of many sources simultaneously bursting in a time period small enough to cause buffer overflow. It turns out to be highly accurate even with some rather drastic simplifying assumptions.
Performance analysis of fast distributed link restoration algorithms
Authors: Chow C. Edward , Bicknell John D. , McCaughey Steve , Syed Sami
Published: July 2007

Four distributed link restoration algorithms are analysed in detail using a set of important performance metrics and functional characteristics. The functional characteristics are used to explain how these algorithms function and provide insight into their performance. The analysis and simulation results indicate that the two prong link restoration algorithm, which is based on issuing aggregate restoration requests from both ends of the disruption and on an intelligent backtracking mechanism, outperforms the other three algorithms in terms of restoration time. The RREACT link restoration algorithm consistently found paths that use fewer spares.