bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temperatures and Cooling Rates Recorded by the New Caledonia Ophiolite: Implications for Cooling Mechanisms in Young Forearc Sequences
Authors: Secchiari Arianna , Montanini Alessandra , Cluzel Dominique
Published: January 2022

To unveil how forearc lithosphere cools and re‐equilibrates, we carried out a comprehensive geothermometric investigation of the New Caledonia ophiolite, which represents a rare example of proto‐arc section generated during subduction infancy. A large data set, including more than 80 samples (peridotites and mafic‐ultramafic intrusives), was considered. Closure temperatures calculated for the lherzolites using slow (TREE‐Y) and fast diffusing (TCa‐in‐Opx, TBKN, TCa‐in‐Ol, TOl‐Sp) geothermometers provide some of the highest values ever documented for ophiolitic peridotites, akin to modern sub‐oceanic mantle. Cooling rates deduced from TREE‐Y and TBKN yield values of ≈10−3°C/y, similar to those obtained with TCa‐in‐Ol. These features are consistent with a post‐melting history of emplacement, possibly along a transform fault, and thermal re‐equilibration via conduction. Cpx‐free harzburgites register a high‐T evolution, followed by quenching and obduction. The relatively high TCa‐in‐Ol, TOl‐Sp and cooling rates computed from TCa‐in‐Ol (≈10−3°C/y) are atypical for this geodynamic setting, mirroring the development of an ephemeral subduction system, uplift and emplacement of the Peridotite Nappe. Temperature profiles across the crust‐mantle transect point to high closure temperatures, with limited variations with depth. These results are indicative of injection and crystallization of non‐cogenetic magma batches in the forearc lithosphere, followed by thermal re‐equilibration at rates of ≈10−4–10−3°C/y. Our study shows that the thermal conditions recorded by forearc sequences are intimately related to specific areal processes and previous lithospheric evolution. Thus, detailed sampling and exhaustive knowledge of the geological background are critical to unravel the cooling mechanisms in this geodynamic setting.
Spatial Variation of Surface O3 Responses to Drought Over the Contiguous United States During Summertime: Role of Precursor Emissions and Ozone Chemistry
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Yuxuan , Flynn James , Griffin Robert J. , Guo Fangzhou , Schnell Jordan L.
Published: January 2022

Drought is an extreme weather and climate event that has been shown to cause the worsening of ozone (O3) air pollution. Using 15‐year (2005–2019) surface O3 observations and weekly US Drought Monitor (USDM) indices, this study estimated that summertime US‐mean surface O3 increased by 1.47 ppb per USDM level. It is revealed that O3 responses to drought display a spatial east‐west variation: higher O3 enhancement in the Southeast (2.24 ppb/USDM), and no significant change or even a decrease in the west (e.g., −0.06 ppb/USDM in California). The diurnal changes of O3 with drought also show an opposite pattern between the Southeast and California. Formaldehyde (HCHO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) column, two satellite‐based O3 precursors proxies, show an increasing rate of 0.41 × 1015 molec/cm2/USDM and 0.03 × 1015 molec/cm2/USDM in the Southeast, respectively, while these rates are not statistically significant in California. We explained this spatial discrepancy from the perspective of O3 chemistry by applying a zero‐dimensional model at the sites with long‐term observations in California and Georgia. Isoprene concentrations decreased by ∼37% under exceptional drought in California causing a reduction of O3 production (PO3) by ∼23.7% during daytime. On the contrary, isoprene increased by ∼41% in Georgia inducing a consequent increase of PO3 by ∼33.4% which accounts for more than half of the O3 enhancement. This study reveals the key role of biogenic isoprene on ozone chemistry under drought conditions.
Decadal Temperature Variations Over the Northwestern Tibetan Plateau Deduced From a 489‐Year Ice Core Stable Isotopic Record
Authors: Zhang Wangbin , Pang Hongxi , Wu Shuangye , Song Jing , Zou Xiang , Hou Shugui
Published: January 2022

Information on decadal temperature variations over the northwestern Tibetan Plateau (TP) is still very limited due to a lack of long‐term instrumental data. In this paper, we present a 489‐year (1524–2012 A.D.) reconstruction of annual mean temperature for the northwestern TP using the δ18O record of a 58.82 meter‐long shallow ice core retrieved on the Chongce ice cap in the western Kunlun Mountains. The reconstructed temperature exhibits significant decadal variations, which were mainly driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability. Decadal temperature variation during the Little Ice Age (LIA) is significantly larger than that during the post‐industrial warming period, possibly due to such external forcing as large fluctuations of solar activity and frequent major volcanic eruptions during the LIA. In addition, our reconstruction shows that the recent warming since the 1980s is moderate, comparable to an earlier warm interval in the mid‐20th century, which may partly explain the relatively stable status of glaciers in this region since 1970s.
Factors Controlling the Dissolved 137Cs Seasonal Fluctuations in the Abukuma River Under the Influence of the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Accident
Authors: Igarashi Yasunori , Nanba Kenji , Wada Toshihiro , Wakiyama Yoshifumi , Onda Yuichi , Moritaka Shota , Konoplev Alexei
Published: January 2022

The 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident released large amounts of radioactive materials into the environment. River systems play an important role in the terrestrial redistribution of FDNPP‐derived 137Cs in association with water and sediment movement. We examined the seasonal fluctuations in dissolved and particulate 137Cs activity concentrations and clarified the biological and physicochemical factors controlling 137Cs seasonality in the Abukuma River's middle course in the region affected by the FDNPP accident. The results showed seasonal fluctuations in the dissolved 137Cs activity concentration, with an increase in summer and a decrease in winter, although there was no clear seasonal change in the particulate 137Cs activity concentration. Water temperature and K+ concentration dominated the seasonality of the dissolved 137Cs activity concentration. The volumetric activity concentration of the organically bound 137Cs was found to be several orders of magnitude lower than that of the dissolved 137Cs. Therefore, we concluded that the 137Cs in organic matter is not a source of dissolved 137Cs in river water. The study also revealed the temperature dependence of Kd in riverine environments from a Van't Hoff equation. The standard reaction enthalpy of 137Cs in the Abukuma River was calculated to be approximately −19.3 kJ/mol. This was the first study to clearly reveal the mechanisms by which the dissolved 137Cs activity concentration and Kd are influenced by chemical and thermodynamic processes in the middle course of a large river, and it is expected to lead to an improved model of 137Cs dynamics in rivers.
Mapping Flow‐Obstructing Structures on Global Rivers
Authors: Yang Xiao , Pavelsky Tamlin M. , Ross Matthew R. V. , Januchowski‐Hartley Stephanie R. , Dolan Wayana , Altenau Elizabeth H. , Belanger Michael , Byron Danesha , Durand Michael , Van Dusen Ian , Galit Hailey , Jorissen Michiel , Langhorst Theodore , Lawton Eric , Lynch Riley , Mcquillan Katie Ann , Pawar Sayali , Whittemore Aaron
Published: January 2022

To help store water, facilitate navigation, generate energy, mitigate floods, and support industrial and agricultural production, people have built and continue to build obstructions to natural flow in rivers. However, due to the long and complex history of constructing and removing such obstructions, we lack a globally consistent record of their locations and types. Here, we used a consistent method to visually locate and classify obstructions on 2.1 million km of large rivers (width ≥30 m) globally. We based our mapping on Google Earth Engine’s high resolution images, which for many places have meter‐scale resolution. The resulting Global River Obstruction Database (GROD) consists of 30,549 unique obstructions, covering six different obstruction types: dam, lock, low head dam, channel dam, and two types of partial dams. By classifying a subset of the obstructions multiple times, we are able to show high classification consistency (87% mean balanced accuracy) for the three types of obstructions that fully intersect rivers: dams, low head dams, and locks. The classification of the three types of partial obstructions are somewhat less consistent (61% mean balanced accuracy). Overall, by comparing GROD to similar datasets, we estimate GROD likely captured >90% of the obstructions on large rivers. We anticipate that GROD will be of wide interest to the hydrological modeling, aquatic ecology, geomorphology, and water resource management communities.
Sediments Suggest Vikings May Have Been the First to Settle the Azores
Authors: Fl�rez Santiago
Published: January 2022

A multidisciplinary team studying lake sediments and climate change found evidence that the archipelago was inhabited 700 years earlier than historical sources claim.
Body composition, physical capacity, and immuno-metabolic profile in community-acquired pneumonia caused by COVID-19, influenza, and bacteria: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ryrsø Camilla Koch , Dungu Arnold Matovu , Hegelund Maria Hein , Jensen Andreas Vestergaard , Sejdic Adin , Faurholt-Jepsen Daniel , Krogh-Madsen Rikke , Lindegaard Birgitte
Published: January 2022

Background

Different pathogens can cause community-acquired pneumonia (CAP); however, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has re-emphasized the vital role of respiratory viruses as a cause of CAP. The aim was to explore differences in metabolic profile, body composition, physical capacity, and inflammation between patients hospitalized with CAP caused by different etiology.

Methods

A prospective study of Danish patients hospitalized with CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2, influenza, or bacteria. Fat (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were assessed with bioelectrical impedance analysis. Physical activity and capacity were assessed using questionnaires and handgrip strength. Plasma (p)-glucose, p-lipids, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), p-adiponectin, and cytokines were measured.

Results

Among 164 patients with CAP, etiology did not affect admission levels of glucose, HbA1c, adiponectin, or lipids. Overall, 15.2% had known diabetes, 6.1% had undiagnosed diabetes, 51.3% had pre-diabetes, 81% had hyperglycemia, and 60% had low HDL-cholesterol, with no difference between groups. Body mass index, FM, and FFM were similar between groups, with 73% of the patients being characterized with abdominal obesity, although waist circumference was lower in patients with COVID-19. Physical capacity was similar between groups. More than 80% had low handgrip strength and low physical activity levels. Compared to patients with influenza, patients with COVID-19 had increased levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (mean difference (MD) 4.14; 95% CI 1.36–12.58; p = 0.008), interleukin (IL)-4 (MD 1.82; 95% CI 1.12–2.97; p = 0.012), IL-5 (MD 2.22; 95% CI 1.09–4.52; p = 0.024), and IL-6 (MD 2.41; 95% CI 1.02–5.68; p = 0.044) and increased IFN-γ (MD 6.10; 95% CI 2.53–14.71; p < 0.001) and IL-10 (MD 2.68; 95% CI 1.53–4.69; p < 0.001) compared to patients with bacterial CAP, but no difference in IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-8, IL-18, IL-12p70, C-reactive protein, and adiponectin.

Conclusion

Despite higher inflammatory response in patients with COVID-19, metabolic profile, body composition, and physical capacity were similar to patients with influenza and bacterial CAP.
Emergence of methicillin resistance predates the clinical use of antibiotics
Authors: Larsen Jesper , Raisen Claire L. , Ba Xiaoliang , Sadgrove Nicholas J. , Padilla-González Guillermo F. , Simmonds Monique S. J. , Loncaric Igor , Kerschner Heidrun , Apfalter Petra , Hartl Rainer , Deplano Ariane , Vandendriessche Stien , Černá Bolfíková Barbora , Hulva Pavel , Arendrup Maiken C. , Hare Rasmus K. , Barnadas Céline , Stegger Marc , Sieber Raphael N. , Skov Robert L. , Petersen Andreas , Angen Øystein , Rasmussen Sophie L. , Espinosa-Gongora Carmen , Aarestrup Frank M. , Lindholm Laura J. , Nykäsenoja Suvi M. , Laurent Frederic , Becker Karsten , Walther Birgit , Kehrenberg Corinna , Cuny Christiane , Layer Franziska , Werner Guido , Witte Wolfgang , Stamm Ivonne , Moroni Paolo , Jørgensen Hannah J. , de Lencastre Hermínia , Cercenado Emilia , García-Garrote Fernando , Börjesson Stefan , Hæggman Sara , Perreten Vincent , Teale Christopher J. , Waller Andrew S. , Pichon Bruno , Curran Martin D. , Ellington Matthew J. , Welch John J. , Peacock Sharon J. , Seilly David J. , Morgan Fiona J. E. , Parkhill Julian , Hadjirin Nazreen F. , Lindsay Jodi A. , Holden Matthew T. G. , Edwards Giles F. , Foster Geoffrey , Paterson Gavin K. , Didelot Xavier , Holmes Mark A. , Harrison Ewan M. , Larsen Anders R.
Published: January 2022

The discovery of antibiotics more than 80 years ago has led to considerable improvements in human and animal health. Although antibiotic resistance in environmental bacteria is ancient, resistance in human pathogens is thought to be a modern phenomenon that is driven by the clinical use of antibiotics1. Here we show that particular lineages of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus—a notorious human pathogen—appeared in European hedgehogs in the pre-antibiotic era. Subsequently, these lineages spread within the local hedgehog populations and between hedgehogs and secondary hosts, including livestock and humans. We also demonstrate that the hedgehog dermatophyte Trichophyton erinacei produces two β-lactam antibiotics that provide a natural selective environment in which methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates have an advantage over susceptible isolates. Together, these results suggest that methicillin resistance emerged in the pre-antibiotic era as a co-evolutionary adaptation of S. aureus to the colonization of dermatophyte-infected hedgehogs. The evolution of clinically relevant antibiotic-resistance genes in wild animals and the connectivity of natural, agricultural and human ecosystems demonstrate that the use of a One Health approach is critical for our understanding and management of antibiotic resistance, which is one of the biggest threats to global health, food security and development.
Network traits predict ecological strategies in fungi
Authors: Aguilar-Trigueros C A , Boddy L , Rillig M C , Fricker M D
Published: January 2022

Colonization of terrestrial environments by filamentous fungi relies on their ability to form networks that can forage for and connect resource patches. Despite the importance of these networks, ecologists rarely consider network features as functional traits because their measurement and interpretation are conceptually and methodologically difficult. To address these challenges, we have developed a pipeline to translate images of fungal mycelia, from both micro- and macro-scales, to weighted network graphs that capture ecologically relevant fungal behaviour. We focus on four properties that we hypothesize determine how fungi forage for resources, specifically: connectivity; relative construction cost; transport efficiency; and robustness against attack by fungivores. Constrained ordination and Pareto front analysis of these traits revealed that foraging strategies can be distinguished predominantly along a gradient of connectivity for micro- and macro-scale mycelial networks that is reminiscent of the qualitative ‘phalanx’ and ‘guerilla’ descriptors previously proposed in the literature. At one extreme are species with many inter-connections that increase the paths for multidirectional transport and robustness to damage, but with a high construction cost; at the other extreme are species with an opposite phenotype. Thus, we propose this approach represents a significant advance in quantifying ecological strategies for fungi using network information.
Niobium oxide promoted with alkali metal nitrates for soot particulate combustion: elucidating the vital role of active surface nitrate groups
Authors: Feng Xiaohui , Zhang Shijing , Liu Rui , Ma Jun , Xu Xianglan , Xu Junwei , Fang Xiuzhong , Wang Xiang
Published: January 2022

Active NO3− groups stabilized by K and Cs cations on the Nb2O5 surface contribute significantly to soot particle combustion.
Tunable tunneling magnetoresistance in in-plane double barrier magnetic tunnel junctions based on B vacancy h-NB nanoribbons
Authors: Yu Hailin , Shao Zhenguang , Tao Yongmei , Jiang Xuefan , Dong Yaojun , Zhang Jie , Liu Yushen , Yang Xifeng , Chen Dunjun
Published: January 2022

The schematic structure of in-plane double barrier magnetic tunnel junction based on VB-ZBNNR and its transport properties under 0.01 V bias.
Photoresponsive DNA materials and their applications
Authors: Wang Chen , O’Hagan Michael P. , Li Ziyuan , Zhang Junji , Ma Xiang , Tian He , Willner Itamar
Published: January 2022

Photoresponsive nucleic acids attract growing interest as functional constituents in materials science. We review the recent exciting developments of this field and identify the opportunities and challenges to be addressed by future research efforts.
Migration-assisted, moisture gradient process for ultrafast, continuous CO2 capture from dilute sources at ambient conditions
Authors: Prajapati Aditya , Sartape Rohan , Rojas Tomás , Dandu Naveen K. , Dhakal Pratik , Thorat Amey S. , Xie Jiahan , Bessa Ivan , Galante Miguel T. , Andrade Marcio H. S. , Somich Robert T. , Rebouças Márcio V. , Hutras Gus T. , Diniz Nathália , Ngo Anh T. , Shah Jindal , Singh Meenesh R.
Published: January 2022

An ultrafast, continuous CO2 capture process driven by moisture gradient and electric field with low energy consumption to capture and concentrate CO2 from dilute sources.
Synergistic complexation of phenol functionalized polymer induced in situ microfiber formation for 3D printing of marine-based hydrogels
Authors: Jafari Hafez , Delporte Christine , Bernaerts Katrien V. , Alimoradi Houman , Nie Lei , Podstawczyk Daria , Tam Kam Chiu , Shavandi Amin
Published: January 2022

This study proposes a strategy to design tough and 3D printable marine-based hydrogels based on the synergistic complexation of a phenolated polyelectrolyte complex and enzyme-mediated crosslinking.
Delineating toxicity mechanisms associated with MRI contrast enhancement through a multidimensional toxicogenomic profiling of gadolinium
Authors: Pallares Roger M. , An Dahlia D. , Hébert Solène , Faulkner David , Loguinov Alex , Proctor Michael , Villalobos Jonathan A. , Bjornstad Kathleen A. , Rosen Chris J. , Vulpe Christopher , Abergel Rebecca J.
Published: January 2022

Mechanisms of gadolinium toxicity have been identified by multidimensional toxicogenomic profiling.
Organic spacer engineering in 2D/3D hybrid perovskites for efficient and stable solar cells
Authors: Ye Xiaofang , Cai Hongkun , Sun Qinghe , Xu Tie , Ni Jian , Li Juan , Zhang Jianjun
Published: January 2022

The PMAI-based PSCs form multiple NH⋯I hydrogen bonds, which can passivate interface defects and suppress ion migration and diffusion.
Investigating cyanogen rich Manihot esculenta efficacy for Ru phytomining and application in catalytic reactions
Authors: Dube Sifelani , Matsinha Leah C. , Makhubela Banothile C. E. , Ambushe Abayneh A.
Published: January 2022

Effective catalytic transfer hydrogenation of furfural into furfural alcohol was accomplished using a bio-based Ru catalyst, Ru@CassCat. The catalyst was successfully produced from cassava biomass grown in Ru-rich laboratory soils.
Deciphering the sensing of α-amyrin acetate with hs-DNA: a multipronged biological probe
Authors: Pansare Amol V. , Shedge Amol A. , Sonawale Maryappa C. , Pansare Shubham V. , Mahakal Akshay D. , Khairkar Shyam R. , Chhatre Shraddha Y. , Kulal Dnyaneshwar K. , Patil Vishwanath R.
Published: January 2022

In this study, we focus on the biomimetic development of small molecules and their biological sensing with DNA.
Investigating natural compounds against oncogenic RET tyrosine kinase using pharmacoinformatic approaches for cancer therapeutics
Authors: Parate Shraddha , Kumar Vikas , Chan Hong Jong , Lee Keun Woo
Published: January 2022

Identification of natural product inhibitors against rearranged during transfection (RET) tyrosine kinase as cancer therapeutics using combination of in silico techniques.
Development of advanced electrolytes in Na-ion batteries: application of the Red Moon method for molecular structure design of the SEI layer
Authors: Bouibes Amine , Takenaka Norio , Kubota Kei , Komaba Shinichi , Nagaoka Masataka
Published: January 2022

This review aims to overview state-of-the-art progress in the collaborative work between theoretical and experimental scientists to develop advanced electrolytes for Na-ion batteries (NIBs).
Robust direct Z-scheme exciton transfer dynamics by architecting 3D BiOI MF-supported non-stoichiometric Cu0.75In0.25S NC nanocomposite for co-catalyst-free photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Prusty Deeptimayee , Mansingh Sriram , Acharya Lopamudra , Paramanik Lekha , Parida K. M.
Published: January 2022

Photon-assisted hydrogen evolution over a co-catalyst-free CIS–BOI composite abiding by the direct Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism.
A generalized kinetic model for compartmentalization of organometallic catalysis
Authors: Jolly Brandon J. , Co Nathalie H. , Davis Ashton R. , Diaconescu Paula L. , Liu Chong
Published: January 2022

Compartmentalization is an attractive approach to enhance catalytic activity by retaining reactive intermediates and mitigating deactivating pathways.
Solar energy conversion using first row d-block metal coordination compound sensitizers and redox mediators
Authors: Housecroft Catherine E. , Constable Edwin C.
Published: January 2022

The progress over the last decade in the applications of first row d-block metal, especially iron, cobalt, copper and zinc, coordination compounds in redox shuttles and sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells is reviewed.
Intercalation of cobalt cations into Co9S8 interlayers for highly efficient and stable electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Tian Bin , Kolodziejczyk Wojciech , Saloni Julia , Cheah Pohlee , Qu Jing , Han Fengxiang , Cao Dongmei , Zhu Xianchun , Zhao Yongfeng
Published: January 2022

A one-step solvothermal method is demonstrated to synthesize layered Co9S8 intercalated with Co cations. The as-prepared electrocatalyst exhibits outstanding performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction as well as remarkable long-term catalytic durability.
Flexible capacitive pressure sensors for wearable electronics
Authors: Wang Haizhen , Li Zhe , Liu Zeyi , Fu Jikun , Shan Tianyou , Yang Xiaoyi , Lei Qiyuan , Yang Yujie , Li Dehui
Published: January 2022

The device configuration and materials for each component, strategies to enhance the sensitivity of capacitive pressure sensors, and their applications as wearable electronics have been summarized.
SMARCB1 expression is a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for osteosarcoma
Authors: Guo Tao , Wei Ran , Dean Dylan C. , Hornicek Francis J. , Duan Zhenfeng
Published: January 2022

Background: Although weak SWI/SNF related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 (SMARCB1) expression is a known diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in several malignancies, its expression and clinical significance in osteosarcoma remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate SMARCB1 expression in osteosarcoma and its clinical significance with respect to chemosensitivity and prognosis.

Methods: We obtained 114 specimens from 70 osteosarcoma patients to construct a tissue microarray (TMA) and assess SMARCB1 protein expression via immunohistochemistry (IHC). The mRNA expression of SMARCB1 was in-silico analyzed using open-access RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and clinicopathological data provided by the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments on Osteosarcoma (TARGET-OS) project. The correlations between SMARCB1 expression and clinical features were statistically analyzed.

Results: Weak SMARCB1 expression occurred in 70% of the osteosarcoma patient specimens in the TMA, and significantly correlated with poor neoadjuvant response as well as shorter overall and progression-free survival (PFS). In addition, mRNA in-silico analysis confirmed that SMARCB1 expression correlates with chemotherapeutic response and prognosis in osteosarcoma patients.

Conclusion: To our knowledge, the present study is the first to analyze SMARCB1 expression in osteosarcoma. SMARCB1 may serve as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in osteosarcoma.
Digital analysis of tooth microwear, a potential application for dental microwear monitor
Authors: Xue Gang , Hu Conghu , Du Jianke , Hua Licheng
Published: January 2022

In general, tooth wear is difficult to be noticed until it leads to toothache in vivo. Developing a dynamic dental wear monitoring system to predict tooth wear in daily life is a necessity. The translation between complex surface wear morphology and corresponding digital signal source is a technical limitation to develop this kind of monitoring system. Microwear texture analysis has been widely employed in predicting diet by a palaeontologist. The main question is whether the microwear texture analysis has potential development space to develop a sensor for monitoring tooth wear. According to obtained results, the microwear texture analysis had enough sensitivity to display the surface morphology variations for different chewing foods and various angles. The corresponding sensitive digital signal of tooth microwear surface morphology makes it possible to develop a dental microwear sensor.
A flat aperture antenna composed of a series fed H‐plane horn array excited by a ridge gap waveguide horn
Authors: Farzin Nasab Farhaneh , Razavi Parizi Seyed Ali , Ostovarzadeh Mohammad Hossein
Published: January 2022

This study presents a new structure for planar aperture antennas with a very simple configuration by making use of gap waveguide technology. Applying the concept of H‐plane horn in both feeding network and radiating layer results in a flat configuration capable of providing a directive radiation with reasonable impedance bandwidth, high gain and low side lobes. The proposed structure introduces a very simple configuration, which does not face the enhancement of design and fabrication complexity for larger apertures and higher gains. The principle of operation and design procedure for both the radiating layer and feed network are fully discussed in detail. A sample is designed to operate at Ku band, which presents proper radiation performance with the maximum gain of 24.5 dBi, the maximum efficiency of 85% and the side lobe level (SLL) lower than −22 and −13 dB in H‐ & E‐planes, respectively.
Ultra‐compact and ultra‐broadband hybrid plasmonic‐photonic vertical coupler with high coupling efficiency, directivity, and polarisation extinction ratio
Authors: Pezeshki Hamed , Wright Amanda J. , Larkins Eric C.
Published: January 2022

An ultra‐compact, ultra‐broadband vertical coupler for dense photonic integrated circuits is reported with a 1.07 × 0.62 μm2 wavelength‐scale footprint. This hybrid plasmonic‐photonic coupler uses a unique two‐plane plasmonic nanoantenna array on a silicon‐on‐insulator waveguide. The in‐ and out‐of‐plane interference of the multipole moments and dual‐feed nanoantennas results in efficient, unidirectional coupling. Finite‐element simulations show that, for a 0.8 μm diameter Gaussian beam, the maximum coupling efficiency (CE) is −3.4 dB across the telecommunication C‐, L‐ and U‐bands with a 3‐dB bandwidth of 230 nm. The CE is > 9 dB higher than recently reported ultra‐compact plasmonic couplers. The maximum directivity and polarisation extinction ratio across the C‐ to U‐bands are 9.2 and 24.1 dB, respectively. Finally, as an out‐coupler, it has a vertical directivity of >8.5 dB, enabling its use for vertical optical interconnects between two vertically separated circuits.
A tale of two DIGs: The relative role of H II regions and low-mass hot evolved stars in powering the diffuse ionised gas (DIG) in PHANGS–MUSE galaxies
Authors: Belfiore F. , Santoro F. , Groves B. , Schinnerer E. , Kreckel K. , Glover S. C. O. , Klessen R. S. , Emsellem E. , Blanc G. A. , Congiu E. , Barnes A. T. , Boquien M. , Chevance M. , Dale D. A. , Diederik Kruijssen J. M. , Leroy A. K. , Pan H.-A. , Pessa I. , Schruba A. , Williams T. G.
Published: January 2022

We use integral field spectroscopy from the PHANGS–MUSE survey, which resolves the ionised interstellar medium structure at ∼50 pc resolution in 19 nearby spiral galaxies, to study the origin of the diffuse ionised gas (DIG). We examine the physical conditions of the diffuse gas by first removing morphologically defined H IIregions and then binning the low-surface-brightness areas to achieve significant detections of the key nebular lines in the DIG. A simple model for the leakage and propagation of ionising radiation from H IIregions is able to reproduce the observed distribution of Hαin the DIG. This model infers a typical mean free path for the ionising radiation of 1.9 kpc for photons propagating within the disc plane. Leaking radiation from H IIregions also explains the observed decrease in line ratios of low-ionisation species ([S II]/Hα, [N II]/Hα, and [O I]/Hα) with increasing Hαsurface brightness (ΣHα). Emission from hot low-mass evolved stars, however, is required to explain: (1) the enhanced low-ionisation line ratios observed in the central regions of some of the galaxies in our sample; (2) the observed trends of a flat or decreasing [O III]/Hβwith ΣHα; and (3) the offset of some DIG regions from the typical locus of H IIregions in the Baldwin–Phillips–Terlevich (BPT) diagram, extending into the area of low-ionisation (nuclear) emission-line regions (LI[N]ERs). Hot low-mass evolved stars make a small contribution to the energy budget of the DIG (2% of the galaxy-integrated Hαemission), but their harder spectra make them fundamental contributors to [O III] emission. The DIG might result from a superposition of two components, an energetically dominant contribution from young stars and a more diffuse background of harder ionising photons from old stars. This unified framework bridges observations of the Milky Way DIG with LI(N)ER-like emission observed in nearby galaxy bulges.
Enhancement of physicochemical characteristics of palm olein and winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) seed oil blends
Authors: Hishamuddin Elina , Saw Mei Huey
Published: January 2022

Incorporation of oils from non-conventional sources into palm olein through the blending process generates a sustainable source of novel oleins with improved physicochemical and functional properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of blending winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) seed oil (WBSO) and palm olein (POo) on the physicochemical properties of the blends. Blends of WBSO (25, 50 and 75% w/w) with POo were prepared and changes in fatty acid (FA) and triacylglycerol (TAG) compositions, iodine value (IV), cloud point and thermal behaviour were studied. Reductions in palmitic (C16:0) and oleic (C18:1) acids with concomitant increases in linoleic (C18:2) and behenic (C22:0) acids were observed as the amount of WBSO increased in the blends. Blending WBSO and POo at 75:25 increased the unsaturated FA content from 56% in palm olein to 64% in the blend, producing the highest IV of 70.5 g I2/100g. At higher WBSO ratios, triunsaturated and diunsaturated TAG species within the blends increased while disaturated TAG species decreased. The lowest cloud point (8.8 °C) was obtained in the oil blend containing 50% WBSO, while the cloud point further increased with increasing amount of WBSO in the blends. This was possibly attributed to increased trisaturated TAG with very long-chained saturated FA (C20 to C24) inherently present in WBSO within the blends. Thermal behaviour analysis by differential scanning calorimetry of the oil blends showed higher onset temperatures for crystallisation with increasing proportions of WBSO in POo, with melting thermograms correspondingly showing decreasing onset melting temperatures. These findings showed that blending WBSO with POo enhanced the physicochemical characteristics of the final oil blends, resulting in higher unsaturation levels and improved cloudiness resistance.
Evaluation of expression changes, proteins interaction network, and microRNAs targeting catalase and superoxide dismutase genes under cold stress in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Taghvaei Mohammad Mahdi , Lahiji Habibollah Samizadeh , Golfazani Mohammad Mohsenzadeh
Published: January 2022

Rapeseed is the third-largest source of plant oil and one of the essential oil plants worldwide. Cold stress is one of the critical factors that affect plant yield. Therefore, improving cold stress tolerance is necessary for yield increase. The present study investigated BnCAT1 and BnCSD1 genes’ expression behavior in a tolerant and sensitive cultivar under cold stress (4 °C). Besides, protein-protein interaction networks of CATs and CSDs enzymes, and their association with other antioxidant enzymes were analyzed. Moreover, the microRNAs targeting BnCAT1 and BnCSD1 genes were predicted. This study indicated many direct and indirect interactions and the association between the components of the plant antioxidant system. However, not only did the CATs and CSDs enzymes have a relationship with each other, but they also interacted directly with ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymes. Also, 23 and 35 effective microRNAs were predicted for BnCAT1 and BnCSD1 genes, respectively. The gene expression results indicated an elevated expression of BnCAT1 and BnCSD1 in both tolerant and sensitive cultivars. However, this increase was more noticeable in the tolerant cultivar. Thus, the BnCSD1 gene had the highest expression in the early hour of cold stress, especially in the 12th h, and the BnCAT1 gene showed the highest expression in the 48th h. This result may indicate a functional relationship between these enzymes.
New goods demand patterns in digital economy environment: The case of electric vehicles in Russia
Authors: Bozhuk Svetlana , Krasnostavskaia Nataliia
Published: January 2022

The trend of using electric vehicles is changing the automotive industry. Electric cars are becoming the most environmentally friendly replacement for combustion vehicles. Knowing the preferences of potential consumers will allow developing effective solutions to create demand for this product. Generating demand should be based on estimating its potential and shaping the consumer profile of this type of transport for market of each country. New goods need special methods to generate demand, since their potential buyers have difficulties in purchase decision making. This paper presents results of a study on prospects in Russia for such new goods as electric vehicles. The study identified factors that ultimately determine the interest of those Russian consumers who have the financial ability to purchase electric vehicles in the near future in electric vehicles. The study demonstrates that consumer prejudices are still there against difficulties in operating electric vehicles. The study confirmed that a number of factors affect the purchase of an electric car in Russia. Expanding the presence of electric vehicles in carsharing companies will significantly improve experience in using this type of transport by potential users. Generating the demand for electric vehicles by applying influence marketing tools is the one of the best solutions.
Platform Business in Korea: Advent and Growth of Kakao
Authors: Han Yoo-Jin
Published: January 2022

With the rapid development of ICT technology, a platform business is exerting a dominant influence in various fields. This type of a business has a great ripple effect in that it creates value by engaging and connecting various market actors such as producers, suppliers, and business partners to the platform ecosystem, rather than directly selling independent products or services. In this vein, the current study introduces the emergence and growth process of Kakao, which has a monopolistic dominance in the Korean mobile messenger market, as an example of a platform business. This company started to be distributed to Korean consumers in 2010 and is currently exercising its market influence in various fields such as commerce, entertainment, finance, and transportation, and more growth is expected in the future. Based on the case investigation, the background of Kakao’s success can be interpreted with a combination of various reasons, such as Korea’s developed ICT environment, a large game users’ population, quick service launch, the strategy to utilize the founder’s previous work experience, and service development geared towards Korean consumers.
Tourner en rond : le récit dans la gestion de crise en interaction de soin en réunion d’équipe
Authors: Ploog Katja
Published: January 2022

L’évocation de la crise donne lieu, au sein de l’équipe médicale, à des élaborations discursives diverses et intriquées à travers l’articulation nécessaire de différentes temporalités dans l’élaboration du parcours de soin, allant de l’immédiateté de l’acte au processus de soin dans sa globalité. Nous proposons une réflexion sur les ressources mobilisées par les membres d’une équipe pluridisciplinaire en addictologie pour établir, au cours d’une interaction puis au fil des réunions, les contours de la crise, éléments de diagnostic qui détermineront ensuite l’ajustement du projet de soin ; le récit est une ressource majeure pour ce faire. L’étude exemplaire d’un ensemble d’extraits d’interactions de soin en réunion d’équipe (ISRE) consacrés à la crise d’un usager particulier pris en charge dans le service, nous permettra de dégager les caractéristiques du fonctionnement des récits dans ce contexte : la thématisation de l’état de crise de l’usager par l’équipe soignante “synchronise” les temporalités en alternant entre les énonciations situées (dans le présent actuel ou le passé) et les énonciations plus générales. Aussi, la progression thématique est souvent récursive.
Soutien des équipes de santé mentale aux équipes MCO : une expérience de la crise Covid
Authors: Ehmke Ivan , Charpin Marie-Françoise , Girin Florent , Hersent Laurent , Odin Isabelle , Briane Magali
Published: January 2022

Nous avons développé depuis plusieurs mois une expertise sur la prise en charge des soignants, grâce à un pôle de soin spécifique. Le modèle thérapeutique utilisé s’appuie sur les thérapies comportementales et cognitives et sur la thérapie d’acceptation et d’engagement (ACT). Nous avons été sollicités début avril 2020 dans le contexte de la crise Covid, pour accompagner les équipes d'une clinique MCO (Médecine – Chirurgie – Obstétrique) de la région Parisienne. Le contexte d’intervention a permis d’identifier des critères d’alerte vis-à-vis de l’urgence d’une réponse face à la crise sanitaire. Par la suite, des besoins ont été identifiés à travers divers partenaires. La prise en charge s’est vue nécessairement en groupe et la qualité des intervenants a été une des clés du dispositif. Celui-ci s’est déployé dans trois services : un de médecine, un de réanimation et un d’urgence. Plus spécifiquement, les outils de la thérapie ACT, à différents niveaux, viennent explorer les ressources et favoriser un engagement vers le changement, tout en accueillant la difficulté de l’entreprendre face à l’arrêt d’un processus de penser. Le sens, de manière générale, s’est établi à travers la verbalisation et le débriefing, permettant un fil conducteur pour les équipes. Ainsi, en abordant d’autres perspectives, la temporalité de crise se voit transformer, et dépasse un certain désespoir vécu.
Lädierte Leiste – Red Flags erkennen
Authors: Zalpour Christoff , von Piekartz Harry
Published: January 2022

Anna arbeitet als Schwimmlehrerin. In ihrer Freizeit schwimmt sie selbst und spielt Wasserball. Über ein halbes Jahr ist nicht klar, woher die Schmerzen in ihrer Leiste kommen – und warum es ihr beim Wasserlassen weh tut.
Beste wissenschaftliche Arbeit prämiert – Züricher Forschungsteam gewinnt physioscience-Preis 2021
Authors: Pötting Andrea
Published: January 2022

Jetzt kann man schon von Tradition sprechen: Zum dritten Mal vergaben die Herausgebenden der physioscience gemeinsam mit dem Thieme Verlag den physioscience-Preis. Gewonnen haben Iris Sterkele, Dr. Pierrette Baschung Pfister, Dr. Ruud Knols und Professor Dr. Eling de Bruin.
Megaprothesen als Femurersatz – Versorgung nach Osteosarkom
Authors: Märdian Sven , Morgenstern Sabrina
Published: January 2022

Gelingt ein Totalersatz des Femurs, ermöglicht dies, die Beinfunktion von Menschen mit Sarkomen zu erhalten. Bei der Operation gilt es das tumoröse Gewebe zu entfernen und die Muskelansätze so zu rekonstruieren, dass die Funktion des künstlichen Hüft- und Kniegelenks gewährleistet ist. Um das Operationsergebnis nicht zu gefährden, ist auch bei der physiotherapeutischen Nachbehandlung Fingerspitzengefühl gefragt.
Botulinum Toxins for Esthetic Facial Injections: A Scientific Review to Support Evidence-Based Best Practice
Authors: Philipp-Dormston Wolfgang G. , Bertossi Dario , Houschyar Khosrow , Rahman Eqram
Published: January 2022

Botulinum toxins (BoNT) are complex biological products. Each licensed BoNT type A (BoNTA) has its own individual characteristics resulting into different attributes, some of them being of clinical relevance. Besides profound anatomical knowledge and understanding of esthetic principles, the responsible injecting physician should be aware of those pharmaceutical and clinical properties. Especially against the background of new BoNTA formulations receiving approval by the authorities, a critical and dedicated discussion on the individual characteristics should take place, and the potential relevance on the treatment outcome should be taken into consideration.
FeCl3-Promoted Facile Synthesis of Multiply Arylated Nicotinonitriles
Authors: Iwai Kento , Nishiwaki Nagatoshi , Yamauchi Haruka , Yokoyama Soichi
Published: January 2022

Many biologically active nicotinonitriles have been reported to date. Consequently, the development of synthetic methods for multiply arylated/alkylated nicotinonitriles remains a sought-after field of research. In the present work, a new synthetic strategy for multi-substituted nicotinonitriles is described. A FeCl3-promoted condensation–cyclization reaction of an enamino nitrile and α,β-unsaturated ketones proceeded efficiently with a wide range of substrates. It is noteworthy that this method facilitates access to fully and differently substituted nicotinonitriles, including tetra-arylated nicotinonitriles, in only three steps. Using the functionality of the cyano group, the copper-catalyzed annulation reaction of the nicotinonitrile was achieved to yield benzo­[c][2,7]naphthyridin-5(6H)-one.
Acute Endovascular Management of a Ruptured Choroidal Artery Arteriovenous Malformation in a Peripartum COVID-19-Positive Patient
Authors: Tyagi Gaurav , Kulanthaivelu Karthik , Saini Jitender , Gowda Aravind , Srinivas Dwarakanath
Published: January 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to significant reduction in specialty care causing delayed presentations and decreased resources for elective procedures. We present here a case of a 29-year-old female, 34 weeks primigravida who presented with a twice ruptured right choroidal artery arteriovenous malformation (AVM). She underwent an immediate external ventricular drain placement followed by an emergency cesarean. She underwent a diagnostic angiogram showing a right choroidal AVM with a feeder artery aneurysm along with small supply to its cortical component by the M4 segment of right middle cerebral artery, draining into the basal vein of Rosenthal and vein of Labbe. The patient underwent embolization of the aneurysm and the choroidal feeders. She improved symptomatically following the procedure with external cerebrospinal fluid diversion for 5 days. At follow-up magnetic resonance imaging, the residual AVM remained stable and is planned for Gamma knife radiosurgery. The newborn was taken care at a neonatal intensive care unit and was started on breastfeed on 16th day of birth once the mother had a negative COVID-19 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In this study, we highlight our experience with the above-mentioned patient profile, the multidisciplinary effort during the pandemic, and the measures taken (isolation ward, COVID-19 dedicated Cath-lab and personal precautions) and advised for tackling COVID-19 patients for endovascular procedures.
Effect of Replacing Vendor QTc Alerts with a Custom QTc Risk Alert in Inpatients
Authors: Stettner Steven , Adie Sarah , Hanigan Sarah , Thomas Michael , Pogue Kristen , Zimmerman Christopher
Published: January 2022

Objective The aim of the study is to implement a customized QTc interval clinical decision support (CDS) alert strategy in our electronic health record for hospitalized patients and aimed at providers with the following objectives: minimize QTc prolongation, minimize exposure to QTc prolonging medications, and decrease overall QTc-related alerts. A strategy that was based on the validated QTc risk scoring tool and replacing medication knowledge vendor alerts with custom QTc prolongation alerts was implemented.

Methods This is a retrospective quasi-experimental study with a pre-intervention period (August 2019 to October 2019) and post-intervention period (December 2019 to February 2020). The custom alert was implemented in November 2019.

Results In the pre-implementation group, 361 (19.3%) patients developed QTc prolongation, and in the post-implementation group, 357 (19.6%) patients developed QTc prolongation (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.87–1.20, p = 0.81). The odds ratio of an action taken post-implementation compared with pre-implementation was 18.90 (95% CI: 14.03–25.47, p <0. 001). There was also a decrease in total orders for QTc prolonging medications from 7,921 (5.5%) to 7,566 (5.3%) with an odds ratio of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93–0.99, p = 0.01).

Conclusion We were able to decrease patient exposure to QTc prolonging medications while not increasing the rate of QTc prolongation as well as improving alert action rate. Additionally, there was a decrease in QTc prolonging medication orders which illustrates the benefit of using a validated risk score with a customized CDS approach compared with a traditional vendor-based strategy. Further research is needed to confirm if an approach implemented at our organization can reduce QTc prolongation rates.
Direct numerical simulations show deficiencies in barriers against airborne viral spread
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: January 2022

Barriers commonly used to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 may not be as effective as they appear
Characterization of thermal transport and evolution of Au plasma in ICF experiments by Thomson scattering
Authors: Bruulsema C. , Farmer W. A. , Sherlock M. , Swadling G. F. , Rosen M. D. , Ross J. S. , Rozmus W.
Published: January 2022

This paper demonstrates the capability of optical Thomson scattering (OTS) to measure thermal transport, and provides support to radiation hydrodynamic and kinetic simulations of electron thermal transport and plasma evolution. OTS theory and plasma simulations are applied to the interpretation of experimental measurements of laser-produced plasma from spherical gold targets on the OMEGA laser facility. The dynamical form factor, S(k→,ω), of electron density fluctuations that is used in the fitting of Thomson scattering spectra includes ion–ion collisions and effects of non-Maxwellian distribution functions. OTS measurements and their interpretation are consistent with the nonlocal transport model in radiation hydrodynamic simulations as well as with kinetic simulations in the second half of the probe pulse duration. In particular, the reversal of heat transport during cooling is observed to be consistent with simulations, while some discrepancies are noted during the initial heating of the Au targets.