bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of the Impact of Healthcare Reforms on Access to Emergency Department and Elective Surgery Services
Authors: Reddy Sandeep , Jones Peter , Shanthanna Harsha , Damarell Raechel , Wakerman John
Published: July 2017

This systematic review sought to identify whether health care reforms led to improvement in the emergency department (ED) length of stay (LOS) and elective surgery (ES) access in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. The review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42015016343), and nine databases were searched for peer-reviewed, English-language reports published between 1994 and 2014. We also searched relevant “grey” literature and websites. Included studies were checked for cited and citing papers. Primary studies corresponding to national and provincial ED and ES reforms in the four countries were considered. Only studies from Australia and the United Kingdom were eventually included, as no studies from the other two countries met the inclusion criteria. The reviewers involved in the study extracted the data independently using standardized forms. Studies were assessed for quality, and a narrative synthesis approach was taken to analyze the extracted data. The introduction of health care reforms in the form of time-based ED and ES targets led to improvement in ED LOS and ES access. However, the introduction of targets resulted in unintended consequences, such as increased pressure on clinicians and, in certain instances, manipulation of performance data.
Between the local and the global: An analysis of economic tensions in cooperatives’ practices
Authors: Vo Charity Samantha
Published: July 2017

Cooperatives help meet critical livelihood needs worldwide. This article seeks to provide an understanding of the potential of cooperatives to promote economic and social objectives by illuminating the tensions that cooperatives face at the nexus of local and global forces. To achieve this goal, this article draws on data from an 8-month qualitative case study of two coffee cooperatives in southern Costa Rica and focuses on the tensions experienced by the cooperatives in the economic realm. The research suggests that these tensions actually further the cooperatives’ economic objectives and are necessary for the cooperatives’ flourishing and growth.
Orthodontics with Customized versus Noncustomized Appliances: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Penning E.W. , Peerlings R.H.J. , Govers J.D.M. , Rischen R.J. , Zinad K. , Bronkhorst E.M. , Breuning K.H. , Kuijpers-Jagtman A.M.
Published: July 2017

This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the duration and outcome quality of orthodontic treatment with a customized fixed appliance system versus a noncustomized system. Patients ( n = 180) were randomized and received orthodontic treatment with the Insignia customized orthodontic system or the Damon Q noncustomized orthodontic system. The allocation sequence was concealed using identical, sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes. Patients with nonextraction treatment plans were treated by 2 equally experienced orthodontists. Pretreatment and posttreatment plaster casts were made for each patient, and the models were rated using the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) score. Planning time, treatment duration, and numbers of loose brackets, visits, and complaints were recorded. The examined null hypothesis was that the customized appliance system was not associated with significantly ( P < 0.05) shorter treatment duration compared to a noncustomized appliance. We analyzed 85 patients in the customized group and 89 in the noncustomized group. Treatment duration was 1.29 ± 0.35 y in the customized group and 1.24 ± 0.37 y in the noncustomized group. In the customized group, the PAR score was 23.32 ± 9.15 pretreatment and 5.38 ± 3.75 posttreatment. In the noncustomized group, the PAR score was 21.84 ± 7.95 pretreatment and 5.93 ± 3.58 posttreatment. None of these outcomes significantly differed between groups. On the other hand, the orthodontist had a significant effect on treatment duration, quality of treatment outcome, and number of visits ( P < 0.05). A higher PAR score pretreatment was associated with increased treatment duration, posttreatment PAR, and number of visits ( P < 0.05). Compared to the noncustomized group, the customized group had more loose brackets, a longer planning time, and more complaints ( P < 0.05). The customized orthodontic system was not associated with significantly reduced treatment duration, and treatment quality was comparable between the 2 systems ( ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT01268852).
Beyond disciplinary boundaries: Leveraging complementary perspectives on global labour
Authors: Schulze-Cleven Tobias , Herrigel Gary , Lichtenstein Nelson , Seidman Gay
Published: July 2017

This symposium-style article brings together scholars from history, sociology and political science to explore how different disciplinary traditions can contribute to a productive dialogue on workers’ collective action and labour power around the world. Grounded in reflections on recent research in three disciplinary communities, the article encourages scholars to tap into findings from other academic traditions to refine the focus and the contextualization of their own analyses. This strategy of moving beyond disciplinary boundaries, the article argues, promises to expand inherited styles of inquiry by encouraging analyses with a wider selection of cases, a more conscious temporal anchoring and broadened geographic reach. The evolution of scholarship along these lines would honour each discipline’s particular conceptual commitments and simultaneously seek to enlist them more broadly for a deeper understanding of labour’s contemporary reorientation.
Validity of the Breakup Strategies Questionnaire in Korea: Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling and Rasch's Modeling
Authors: Lee Dong-gwi , Sohn Harim , Bae Byeong Hoon , Song Yoorim
Published: July 2017

This study examines the validity of the Korean implementation of the Breakup Strategies Questionnaire. In Study 1, the construct validity of the Breakup Strategies Questionnaire was explored with 292 Korean undergraduate students. Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling and Rasch's Modeling suggest 30 items with four factors (Avoidance/withdrawal, Positive tone/self-blame, Open confrontation, and Indirect manipulation) and five points in response. Study 2 with 174 Korean undergraduate students suggested potential gender differences in breakup strategy dimensions and provided support for concurrent validity with a measure of personal styles of coping as well as discriminant validity with social desirability. Cultural implications for the use of breakup strategies are discussed.
Religious belief in Christian higher education: Is religious and political diversity relativizing?
Authors: Thomson Robert A , Davignon Phil
Published: July 2017

While attending college, religious participation tends to decline among American students, but evidence of changes in religious belief is less clear. On the bases of both secularization theory and the moral communities thesis, we used multi-level modeling techniques to test whether institutional diversity predicts changes in student belief at Christian institutions. Results suggest that declines in absolutism were associated with increasing religious and political diversity, and religious diversity amplified the effects of academic tenure. Political diversity, however, explained the effects of religious diversity in combined models, suggesting that challenging political discourse may be more important for changes in religious belief than diversity of religious worldviews in the context of Christian higher education in the United States.
A study of the theological implications of the Korean reunification movement focusing on the story of Rev. Ik-whan Moon
Authors: Seong ShinHyung
Published: July 2017

Peace matters in various ways in this globalized world, and the Korean Peninsula has been a critical situation in this matter, especially in the current climate. This article delves into Rev. Ik-whan Moon, a leader of the reunification movement, in South Korea in order to deal with the issue of peace. This article examines him in three parts: the enjoyable tenets of his life and social action, the theological meaning of his activism, and the new horizon of social activism through his new vision of the Kingdom of God. Rev. Moon began his social action at 59, but he dedicated his life to society as he wrote many poems, playing a part in the Korean reunification movement. His activism is based on his theology of the oppressed ( min-joong) and the Kingdom of God. Lastly, he created a historical momentum for the Korean reunification movement by visiting North Korea in 1989, in that he opened a new hope that South Korean civilians and North Korean civilians could meet each other. It was a non-obedience movement because no civilians could visit North Korea due to the National Security Law. Rev. Moon's actions towards Korean reunification give us great wisdom for peace in this contemporary violent world.
“In einem Augenblick”: Christian naturalism, death, and Brahms’s Ein deutsches Requiem”
Authors: Ott Daniel J.
Published: July 2017

This article is a Christian naturalist reading of Johannes Brahms’s Ein deutsches Requiem. The first sections briefly introduce the basic commitments of Christian naturalism and the challenge presented to such a theology in the mystery of death. Then, the paper shows how Brahms gives artistic expression to a naturalistic interpretation of death. Brahms uses elements from the Christian myth, especially the apocalyptic, in new ways that are helpful to Christian naturalists seeking to deal with death meaningfully and beautifully.
Liberating Augustine: Rethinking Augustine’s emphasis on interiority
Authors: Bedford Nancy Elizabeth
Published: July 2017

Has Augustine’s emphasis on interiority, along with his ideas about how to imagine the Trinity, been a negative influence on “Western” (in the sense of Protestant and Catholic) theology? Jürgen Moltmann has been very critical of Augustine’s influence in this regard, as have other theologians, including many feminists. The essay problematizes that claim from the perspective of subaltern subjectivities and the construction of personhood in situations of vulnerability.
Karl Barth and Charlotte von Kirschbaum
Authors: Tietz Christiane
Published: July 2017

In 2008, the letters between Charlotte von Kirschbaum and Karl Barth from 1925–1935 were published in German. They reveal the love between them, but also the conflicts between Barth, von Kirschbaum, and Barth’s wife Nelly Barth and how much all three suffered from this constellation. The paper first discusses if and how we are allowed to read these letters and then describes their love relation as well as the conflicts and the importance this experience had for Barth’s theology.
The urbanisation of rural migrants and the making of urban villages in contemporary China
Authors: Zhan Yang
Published: July 2017

In the past decades, urban villages proliferate in major cities of China. These marginalised places not only are home to many local villagers, but also host millions of rural migrants. This paper provides an ethnographic account of the spatial and social production of Chinese urban villages. It discusses urban village residents’ detailed tactics in developing/participating in the informal housing market, service market and labour market. By so doing, it emphasises people’s agency in making their own living spaces and further challenges the marginalisation paradigm that either victimises or disparages urban village residents. It shows peasants, who are commonly assumed to be the antithesis of modernisation and urbanisation, are major actors and urbanise their living spaces. This paper also elaborates on the types of governing strategies at the village and municipal levels. It points out that the contradictions and loopholes in state power have left space for the formation of informal markets and contribute to the making of urban villages in contemporary China.
A Set-Theoretic Approach to Bayesian Process Tracing
Authors: Barrenechea Rodrigo , Mahoney James
Published: July 2017

This article develops a set-theoretic approach to Bayes’s theorem and Bayesian process tracing. In the approach, hypothesis testing is the procedure whereby one updates beliefs by narrowing the range of states of the world that are regarded as possible, thus diminishing the domain in which the actual world can reside. By explicitly connecting Bayesian analysis to its set-theoretic foundations, the approach makes process tracing more intuitive and thus easier to apply for qualitative researchers. Moreover, the set-theoretic approach provides new tools for assessing both the consequentialness and expectedness of evidence when conducting process tracing. It also provides a new way to classify and interpret process-tracing tests, such as hoop tests and smoking gun tests, by viewing them as zones in a continuous space whose dimensions reflect the magnitude of changes in sets. The article shows that Bayesian process tracing and set-theoretic process tracing are not alternatives to each other but rather two sides of the same coin.
A case study of lessons learnt from implementing a routine outcome monitoring system for psychotherapy in a South African community clinic
Authors: Bantjes Jason , Hunt Xanthe , Tomlinson Mark , Smit Anja
Published: July 2017

Monitoring outcomes in psychotherapy is important for advancing research into empirically supported treatments, collecting data to inform practice-based evidence and for monitoring patient treatment responses during routine care. We implemented two routine outcome monitoring measures in a community psychology clinic in South Africa, namely, the Outcome Rating Scale and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. In this article, we adopt a case study methodology to describe and critically reflect on the implementation process and evaluate the utility of the outcome data collected during the first year of implementation. Our findings suggest that the measures have some utility but that there were significant problems with implementation. We found that Outcome Rating Scale and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale scores correlated in the expected direction; however, Outcome Rating Scale intake scores for the present population were at odds with the measure’s norms. The findings highlight the care that needs to be taken to change routine clinical practice when outcome measures are implemented in local settings and the need for research to validate the use of these ROM measures in South African clinical settings.
Preparation of a novel CeO2/SiO2 adsorbent and its adsorption behavior for fluoride ion
Authors: Lin Jin , Wu Yan , Khayambashi Afshin , Wang Xiaolong , Wei Yuezhou
Published: July 2017

The silica-based CeO2 adsorbent (CeO2/SiO2) was prepared for removing fluoride from the aqueous solution. The synthesized adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrum, X-ray diffractometer, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and zeta potential measurement analyses. The adsorption batch experiments in the various experimental conditions including solution pH, contact time, initial fluoride concentration, and adsorption temperature were performed and investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity of fluoride into CeO2/SiO2 was 2.441 mmol/g at pH 3 and 298 K. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms were well described by the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir model, respectively. The fluoride adsorption reached the equilibrium in 15 min from the aqueous solution with the initial fluoride concentration of 400 mg/l at 298 K. In the temperature range of 298–338 K, the maximum adsorption capacity of fluoride decreased from 2.441 mmol/g to 2.109 mmol/l at pH 3. The adsorption thermodynamics study revealed that this process was a spontaneous, exothermic, and entropy-driving adsorption. Furthermore, the mechanism of adsorption was identified as the anion exchange and the electrostatic interaction. The desorption efficiency of fluoride-loaded CeO2/SiO2 adsorbent could reach about 95% by 0.1 mol/l NaOH.
Longitudinal study of hippocampal volumes in heavy cannabis users
Authors: Koenders L , Lorenzetti V , de Haan L , Suo C , Vingerhoets WAM , van den Brink W , Wiers RW , Meijer CJ , Machielsen MWJ , Goudriaan AE , Veltman DJ , Yücel M , Cousijn J
Published: July 2017

Background:

Cannabis exposure, particularly heavy cannabis use, has been associated with neuroanatomical alterations in regions rich with cannabinoid receptors such as the hippocampus in some but not in other (mainly cross-sectional) studies. However, it remains unclear whether continued heavy cannabis use alters hippocampal volume, and whether an earlier age of onset and/or a higher dosage exacerbate these changes.

Methods:

Twenty heavy cannabis users (mean age 21 years, range 18–24 years) and 23 matched non-cannabis using healthy controls were submitted to a comprehensive psychological assessment and magnetic resonance imaging scan at baseline and at follow-up (average of 39 months post-baseline; standard deviation=2.4). Cannabis users started smoking around 16 years and smoked on average five days per week. A novel aspect of the current study is that hippocampal volume estimates were obtained from manual tracing the hippocampus on T1-weighted anatomical magnetic resonance imaging scans, using a previously validated protocol.

Results:

Compared to controls, cannabis users did not show hippocampal volume alterations at either baseline or follow-up. Hippocampal volumes increased over time in both cannabis users and controls, following similar trajectories of increase. Cannabis dose and age of onset of cannabis use did not affect hippocampal volumes.

Conclusions:

Continued heavy cannabis use did not affect hippocampal neuroanatomical changes in early adulthood. This contrasts with prior evidence on alterations in this region in samples of older adult cannabis users. In young adults using cannabis at this level, cannabis use may not be heavy enough to affect hippocampal neuroanatomy.
Magnetic resonance imaging in children presenting migraine with aura: Association of hypoperfusion detected by arterial spin labelling and vasospasm on MR angiography findings
Authors: Cadiot Domitille , Longuet Romain , Bruneau Bertrand , Treguier Catherine , Carsin-Vu Aline , Corouge Isabelle , Gomes Constantin , Proisy Maïa
Published: July 2017

Objective

A child presenting with a first attack of migraine with aura usually undergoes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to rule out stroke. The purpose of this study was to report vascular and brain perfusion findings in children suffering from migraine with aura on time-of-flight MR angiography (TOF-MRA) and MR perfusion imaging using arterial spin labelling (ASL).

Methods

We retrospectively included all children who had undergone an emergency MRI examination with ASL and TOF-MRA sequences for acute neurological deficit and were given a final diagnosis of migraine with aura. The ASL perfusion maps and TOF-MRA images were independently assessed by reviewers blinded to clinical data. A mean cerebral blood flow (CBF) value was obtained for each cerebral lobe after automatic data post-processing.

Results

Seventeen children were finally included. Hypoperfusion was identified in one or more cerebral lobes on ASL perfusion maps by visual assessment in 16/17 (94%) children. Vasospasm was noted within the intracranial vasculature on the TOF-MRA images in 12/17 (71%) children. All (100%) of the abnormal TOF-MRA images were associated with homolateral hypoperfusion. Mean CBF values were significantly lower ( P < 0.05) in visually hypoperfused lobes than in normally perfused lobes.

Conclusion

ASL and TOF-MRA are two totally non-invasive, easy-to-use MRI sequences for children in emergency settings. Hypoperfusion associated with homolateral vasospasm may suggest a diagnosis of migraine with aura.
The Forgotten
Authors: García-Santesmases Andrea , Pié Balaguer Asunción
Published: July 2017

The violence against disabled women has its own mechanisms, which differentiates it from the violence suffered by women or the disabled in general. The few Spanish studies on this issue have focused on “double discrimination,” instead we propose intersectionality as a more suitable epistemological framework. The research, carried out in Spain, is based on five life stories of disabled activist women which show us how heteropatriarchal and ableist violence intersect in their lives, and the resistance mechanisms that they develop to deal with it. This research gives important clues to plan and design effective interventions for and with disabled women.
A Critical Appraisal of 25 Years of Research Related to Fashion Adoption Groups
Authors: Workman Jane E. , Lee Seung-Hee
Published: July 2017

Objectives of this study were to investigate research examining fashion adoption groups for (a) specific variables studied and major findings within broad categories of variables, (b) research propositions from which hypotheses can be derived, and (c) research trends over time. Fashion adoption groups differed in many ways that influence time of adoption. Sixteen propositions were detected that can be used as a structured framework for future research to derive hypotheses for empirical testing and to develop a theory/model focused specifically on fashion. A wealth of information about variables related to fashion adoption was compiled, organized, and presented to provide a more complete and updated view of fashion adoption. Gaps and shortcomings in research were uncovered that offered ideas for further research. Assessment of trends in research provided a sense of progress in the field regarding fashion adoption.
Polyimide nanocomposites with functionalized graphene sheets
Authors: Chang Jin-Hae
Published: July 2017

Polyimide (PI) nanocomposites containing two different functionalized graphene sheets (FGSs) were synthesized, and their thermal properties, morphology, oxygen permeability, and electrical conductivity were compared. Hexadecylamine–graphene sheets and 4-amino- N-hexadecylbenzamide–graphene sheets were utilized. Hybrid films were obtained from blended solutions of PI and FGSs, with the filler content with respect to the PI varying from 0 wt% to 10 wt%. The differences in the properties of the PI matrix were then analyzed with respect to filler content. Transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed that the two FGSs were dispersed homogeneously throughout the polymer matrix, although some FGS aggregates were also formed. Furthermore, it was observed that the addition of small amounts of FGS nanofiller was sufficient to improve the coefficient of thermal expansion, the gas barrier properties, and the electrical conductivity of the hybrid films. In contrast, the glass transition temperature and the initial decomposition temperature of the PI hybrid films continued to decrease with increasing FGS content.
Testing a Two-Stage Grant Allocation Process: The Case of the United Way
Authors: Paarlberg Laurie E. , Moulick Abhisekh Ghosh , Van Puyvelde Stijn
Published: July 2017

Drawing upon transaction costs economics, we examine the determinants of the two-stage allocation process within the local United Way (UW) system. We use a unique multiyear data set that captures local UW allocations to nonprofit grantees at four points in time (2000, 2004, 2008, and 2010). We find that the first stage is screening, in which organizations’ legitimacy, mission, and financial performance are preliminary determinants of partnership in the UW system. In the second stage, UWs incentivize existing grantees with high legitimacy to stay in the system through larger allocation share. These determinants are stable over time. However, size of these effects varies across size of UW system; this finding suggests that transaction costs influence the likelihood of using performance measures to evaluate grantees in the first stage of the allocation process.
The Role of Formal Third-Party Endorsements and Informal Self-Proclaiming Signals in Nonprofit Reputation Building
Authors: Willems Jurgen , Waldner Carolin J. , Dere Yasemin I. , Matsuo Yuka , Högy Kevin
Published: July 2017

In this study, we experimentally test the impact of a formal signal (a third-party certificate) and an informal signal (self-proclaimed management quality with respect to social entrepreneurship) on stakeholder supportive intentions and perceived organizational effectiveness. Our study confirms the social entrepreneurship advantage, but we find no proof of a convincing effect from the formal signal. However, complementary analyses and additional testing of control variables add new perspectives on the relative importance of the social entrepreneurship advantage and on potential moderators that could better explain in future studies the varying effects and specific contextual elements that influence formal and informal reputation-building signals.
Philosophy and science in Adam Smith’s ‘History of Astronomy’
Authors: Kim Kwangsu
Published: July 2017

This article casts light on the intimate relationship between metaphysics and science in Adam Smith’s thought. Understanding this relationship can help in resolving an enduring dispute or misreading concerning the status and role of natural theology and the ‘invisible hand’ doctrine. In Smith’s scientific realism, ontological issues are necessary prerequisites for scientific inquiry, and metaphysical ideas thus play an organizing and regulatory role. Smith also recognized the importance of scientifically informed metaphysics in science’s historical development. In this sense, for Smith, the metaphysico-scientific link (i.e. metaphysically coherent conjecture), was a basic criterion of scientific validation by Inference to the Best Explanation. Furthermore, Smith’s comments implicitly suggest that in scientific progress there is a dialectic between metaphysics and science. These themes are illustrated primarily through his writings on the history of astronomy.
Gregory Bateson and Eric Voegelin
Authors: Thomassen Bjørn
Published: July 2017

This article argues that two important thinkers of the 20th century, Gregory Bateson (1904–80) and Eric Voegelin (1901–85), developed a set of ideas that are of importance to the history of the human sciences. The article also argues that their ideas are, in essential ways, comparable and display similarities that have not yet been discussed within the larger history of the human sciences. The aim of the article is to show how the diagnostic terms provided by Bateson and Voegelin complement each other toward an understanding of underlying tensions and social pathologies of contemporary civilization.
Boundary condition for deformation wear mode material removal in abrasive waterjet milling: Theoretical and experimental analyses
Authors: Srikanth R , Babu N Ramesh
Published: July 2017

Producing quality features with abrasive waterjet milling requires the generation of shallow kerfs with low surface waviness. Typically, such kerfs are produced by deformation wear mode of material removal realized with certain combination of process parameters chosen based on an elaborate experimental analysis. Instead, these parameters can be selected through a modeling methodology developed based on deformation wear erosion theory. As a first part of this development, it is essential to identify the conditions for the prevalence of deformation wear during the generation of shallow kerfs with abrasive waterjets. To establish this condition, this article presents a theoretical analysis of kerf formation formulated based on deformation wear erosion by solid particles. In this analysis, the interaction of the abrasive particles with the material and the subsequent material removal through deformation wear is considered to define the geometry of the cutting front. The geometry of the cutting front was then used to determine the condition at which local impact angle of abrasives striking the cutting front changes to alter the mode of material removal from deformation wear to cutting wear. This analysis has brought out the boundary condition for deformation wear as the maximum depth of kerf to be equal to the average size of the abrasive particles used in the jet. The generic nature of this condition is established with kerfing experiments over three different ductile materials.
Numerical analysis of the lubricating gap between the gear shaft and the journal bearing in water hydraulic internal gear pumps
Authors: Du Ruilong , Chen Yinglong , Zhou Hua
Published: July 2017

Water hydraulics has drawn considerable attention in recent years for its environmental friendliness. This paper presents a numerical model for analysing the lubricating gap between the gear shaft and the journal bearing in water hydraulic internal gear pumps. The model consists of two parts: the gear part that addresses the radial force on the gear shaft and the film part that addresses the film characteristics of the gear shaft/journal bearing interface. The radial force is obtained by summing the fluid pressure around the gear circumference and the meshing force of the gear pair. The film characteristics are analysed by an elastohydrodynamic model that involves the evaluation of the film geometry, the film pressure, and the elastic deformation of the gear shaft/journal bearing interface. The radial force evaluated by the gear part is balanced by the film pressure evaluated by the film part. The gear part is validated by experiments on an oil internal gear pump from the aspect of the outlet pressure ripple, and the film part is validated by comparison with the results from other research groups. The proposed model allows the evaluation of radial micro-motion as well as the eccentric positions of the gear shaft. In addition, the influence of film deformation is further discussed, suggesting that the maximum film deformation should be maintained under 1.3 times the minimum film height. The proposed model can be used as a tool for design optimization of the water-lubricated journal bearing in water hydraulic internal gear pumps.
Effect of the screw–nut joint stiffness on the position-dependent dynamics of a vertical ball screw feed system without counterweight
Authors: Zou Cunfan , Zhang Huijie , Lu Dun , Zhang Jun , Zhao Wanhua
Published: July 2017

The study on the position-dependent dynamic characteristics of a vertical ball screw feed system without counterweight is an important step in the enhancement of the structural performance of mini-type vertical milling machines. The ball screw is generally driven by a servomotor, which converts a rotary motion into a linear motion through a screw–nut pair. To assess the position-dependent dynamic characteristics of a vertical ball screw feed system subjected to the influence of the screw–nut joint stiffness, a variable-coefficient lumped parameter model of the system is developed. This model is established taking into account the screw–nut joint stiffness under three different strategies: (1) considering the preload and the weight of the spindle system, (2) considering the elastic deformation but ignoring the effect of the weight, and (3) a perfectly rigid model. The differences between the three models in predicting the position-dependent dynamic characteristics of the system are compared, revealing that the stiffness of screw–nut joint greatly affects the vibratory behavior of the spindle system in the transmission direction. A set of conducted experimental results demonstrate that the stiffness model under the preload and the weight of the spindle system is the most accurate model for the prediction of the position-dependent natural frequency and displacement response of the system with the spindle system position. Therefore, it is more suitable for structure design, performance simulation, and evaluation of a vertical ball screw feed system without counterweight.
The relationship between serum ammonia level and neurologic complications in patients with acute glufosinate ammonium poisoning: A prospective observational study
Authors: Cha YS , Kim H , Lee Y , Choi EH , Kim HI , Kim OH , Cha K-C , Lee KH , Hwang SO
Published: July 2017

Glufosinate ammonium poisoning can cause neurological complications even after a symptom-free period. We prospectively investigated the predictors of neurologic complications in acute glufosinate ammonium poisoning and the change of serum ammonia level as a predictor of patient’s presence and recovery of neurologic complication. This prospective observational study collected data from consecutive patients diagnosed with acute glufosinate ammonium poisoning between September 2014 and June 2016. Serum ammonia was serially measured. The patients were divided into two groups: the neurologic complication group and the nonneurologic complication group. We also defined 25 other insecticide- or herbicide-poisoned patients as controls. The neurologic complication group included 18 patients (72.0%). The latency period for neurologic complications was within 48-h postingestion. The peak ammonia level was statistically higher in the neurologic complication group than in the control group ( p < 0.001) and the nonneurologic complication groups ( p = 0.001). There was a statistical difference between the nonneurologic complication group and the neurologic complication group ( p = 0.0085) in terms of ingested amount. The peak ammonia was the only predictor for the development of neurologic complications (the optimal cutoff: 90 μg/dL). In patients with mental changes, the mean serum ammonia levels before and after recovery of the mental changes were statistically different ( p = 0.0019). In acute glufosinate ammonium poisoning, serial serum ammonia level measurements are needed and a serum peak ammonia level greater than 90 μg/dL is a predictor of neurologic complications. Also, it is important to treat the hyperammonemia in acute glufosinate ammonium poisoning.
Procainamide-induced autoimmunity: Relationship to T-helper 2-type T-cell activation
Authors: Huang Y , Lin Z , Huo Y , Geng X , Li M , Yang Y , Li B
Published: July 2017

Drug-induced autoimmunity (DIA) refers to a group of adverse drug reactions, and they remain unpredictable largely due to the limited understanding of the mechanisms involved. There is evidence that procainamide can cause autoimmune reactions in humans but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. To examine the cellular and genetic factors involved in the procainamide-induced autoimmune response, we compared rats that are genetically T-helper (Th)2-predisposed (Brown Norway (BN)), Th1-predisposed (Lewis (LEW)) or not genetically predisposed (Sprague Dawley (SD)). We revealed significant differences in response to autoimmunity induced by procainamide among three strains rats, BN was the most sensitive one, SD exhibited less sensitive, while LEW resistance to procainamide. Much more pronounced of Th2-type responses and more complex differentially expressed genes involved in immune regulation and response in BN might contribute to its susceptibleness to DIA. Moreover, similar immune mechanisms were found between BN and SD, which suggesting that these changes would serve as the potential bridge biomarkers to predict DIA among species. This study may also benefit to further understand the toxicological mechanism of drug-induced autoimmune reactions.
Non-health care facility anticonvulsant medication errors in the United States
Authors: DeDonato Emily A , Spiller Henry A , Casavant Marcel J , Chounthirath Thitphalak , Hodges Nichole L , Smith Gary A
Published: July 2017

Introduction:

This study provides an epidemiological description of non-health care facility medication errors involving anticonvulsant drugs.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of National Poison Data System data was conducted on non-health care facility medication errors involving anticonvulsant drugs reported to US Poison Control Centers from 2000 through 2012.

Results:

During the study period, 108,446 non-health care facility medication errors involving anticonvulsant pharmaceuticals were reported to US Poison Control Centers, averaging 8342 exposures annually. The annual frequency and rate of errors increased significantly over the study period, by 96.6 and 76.7%, respectively. The rate of exposures resulting in health care facility use increased by 83.3% and the rate of exposures resulting in serious medical outcomes increased by 62.3%. In 2012, newer anticonvulsants, including felbamate, gabapentin, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, other anticonvulsants (excluding barbiturates), other types of gamma aminobutyric acid, oxcarbazepine, topiramate, and zonisamide, accounted for 67.1% of all exposures.

Conclusions:

The rate of non-health care facility anticonvulsant medication errors reported to Poison Control Centers increased during 2000–2012, resulting in more frequent health care facility use and serious medical outcomes. Newer anticonvulsants, although often considered safer and more easily tolerated, were responsible for much of this trend and should still be administered with caution.
The home as ethos of caring: A concept determination
Authors: Hilli Yvonne , Eriksson Katie
Published: July 2017

Background:

Within nursing, the concepts of home and homelike have been used indiscriminately to describe characteristics of healthcare settings that resemble a home more than an institution.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to investigate the concept of home ( hem in Swedish). The main questions were as follows: What does the concept of home entail etymologically and semantically? Of what significance is the meaning of the concept to caring science and nursing?

Design and methods:

This study had a qualitative design with a hermeneutical approach guided by Gadamer. Eriksson’s model of concept determination was partly used to determine the etymology and semantics, the essence and epistemic category of the concept of home. In this study, etymological dictionaries and 17 Swedish language dictionaries published between 1850 and 2001 were investigated.

Ethical consideration:

In all parts of this study, ethical guidelines have been followed concerning both gathering data from dictionaries and other sources and during the interpretation of these sources.

Findings:

The home, framed as the ethos of caring, can be drawn as a three-dimensional picture where the three dimensions have a common core, enclosed and inviolable. Symbolically, the picture of home can be seen as the ethos of the human being’s innermost room, the human being’s manner of being and the tone expressed in the external or abstract room where the human being lives and interacts with others.

Conclusion:

Based on the findings in this study, we conclude that home as ethos is an inner ethical dimension within the human being. Human beings who are in contact with their ethos, the self, feel at home and dare to follow the voice of their heart. Nurses who experience at-homeness have an ability to invite the patient into a caring relationship. The home and the feeling of being at home have significant meaning in terms of human beings’ health and well-being.
Narrating the Monarch Butterfly: Managing Knowledge Complexity and Uncertainty in Coproduction of a Collective Narrative and Public Discourse
Authors: Gustafsson Karin M.
Published: July 2017

In January 2014, the monarch butterfly reached North American political agendas due to reports of a long-term population decline. Requests were made for reliable descriptions of what was known about the butterfly, its population and migration, and the actions needed to protect it. This article studies the construction of the collective narrative that has come to dominate the public discourse on the butterfly. The analysis demonstrates how complexity and uncertainty in monarch knowledge have been managed through a process of coproduction, where focus has been on emphasizing knowledge certainty by portraying science and conservation as two separate but dependent social spheres.
High Prevalence of Dysgraphia in Elementary Through High School Students With ADHD and Autism
Authors: Mayes Susan D. , Breaux Rosanna P. , Calhoun Susan L. , Frye Sara S.
Published: July 2017

Objective:Prevalence of dysgraphia by age across all grade levels was determined in students with ADHD or autism. Method: Referred children with normal intelligence and ADHD–Combined, ADHD–Inattentive, or autism ( N = 1,034) were administered the Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (VMI) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). Results: VMI and WISC Coding scores were significantly lower than IQ and the normal mean of 100 for all diagnoses. More than half (59%) had dysgraphia, and 92% had a weakness in graphomotor ability relative to other abilities. Dysgraphia prevalence did not differ between diagnostic or age groups (6-7 years, 56%; 8-10 years, 60%; and 11-16 years, 61%). Conclusion: Dysgraphia is common at all ages in children and adolescents with ADHD and autism. Accommodations and strategies for addressing this problem are discussed.
Failure mode maps for four-point-bending of hybrid sandwich structures with carbon fiber reinforced plastic face sheets and aluminum foam cores manufactured by a polyurethane spraying process
Authors: Rupp Peter , Elsner Peter , Weidenmann Kay A
Published: July 2017

This work focuses on failure mode maps of sandwich panels exposed to bending load, which were produced using a polyurethane spraying process. This process allows for an automated production of sandwich panels omitting a separate bonding step of the face sheets to the core. The investigated sandwich panels consisted of carbon fiber reinforced face sheets in various configurations, and four different core structures of aluminum foam or Nomex honeycomb. After production, measurements of the pores inside the core foam structures, the fiber package thickness inside the face sheets, and the density homogeneity of the core structure were made using X-ray computed tomography. The failure mode maps were based on the individual mechanical properties of the face sheets and the core, determined by mechanical testing. The critical forces determining the failure modes were partially modified to fit the application on foam core structures and face sheets with a porous matrix. The verification of the failure modes was performed with four-point bending tests. Since all tested configurations of sandwich specimens were produced using the same process route, the applied models for the creation of the failure mode maps could be verified for numerous parameter combinations. Except for two parameters with inconstant properties, the failure modes determined by the failure mode maps matched the observed failure modes determined by the bending tests.
Jamming with Urban Rhythms
Authors: Sand Anne-Lene
Published: July 2017

Based on an ethnographic multi-sited fieldwork, this article analyzes alternative rhythms of youth culture. The aim is to illustrate how young people improvise and organize rhythms in the city as a part of their place-making. I develop the concept of a spatial jam session, which provides a framework suitable for analyzing spatial dimension of contemporary youth culture. Developing Henri Lefebvre’s rhythm analysis through empirical material, a phenomenological understanding of place and jazz theory contributes an analytical framework that takes bodily, material, spatial and temporal dimensions of the place-making practices of young people into account. Using the concept of a spatial jam session, I argue that a central aspect of young people’s place-making is being able to improvise through materiality, sociality, cultural norms and musical expression. I illustrate how young people create spatial and temporal obstructions in order to maintain a practice of improvising, which to these young people is a way of constructing meaning in everyday life.
The mediated festival: Live music as trigger of streaming and social media engagement
Authors: Danielsen Anne , Kjus Yngvar
Published: July 2017

Live music events are increasingly saturated with and mediated via the online and mobile devices of the audience. This article explores patterns in this media use surrounding the Øya festival in Norway and focuses, in particular, on music streaming and social media activity. It presents statistical analysis of listening sessions via the streaming service Wimp and social interactions via the micro-blogging platform Twitter. The juxtaposition of these unique access points allows the analysis to explore the impact of physical live concerts on the digital music experience. It also enables a nuanced examination of how the festival audience responds to different artist segments, from international headliners to local acts. One key finding is that local artists that are positively evaluated via Twitter have the greatest boost in subsequent music streaming. The article argues that in-depth studies of the intersection of live and mediated music are essential to understanding the encounter between artists and audiences that is facilitated by contemporary live music events.
Outreach syncope clinic managed by a nurse practitioner: Outcome and cost effectiveness
Authors: Hamdan Mohamed H , Walsh Kathleen E , Brignole Michele , Key Jamie
Published: July 2017

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical and financial outcomes of a novel outreach syncope clinic.

Methods

We compared the clinical outcome of the Faint and Fall Clinic at the American Center (January–June 2016) with that of the University of Wisconsin Health and Clinics Faint and Fall Clinic (January 2013–December 2014). The American Center-Faint and Fall Clinic is run solely by a nurse practitioner, assisted by online faint-decision software and consultancy of a faint specialist through video-conferencing.

Results

Five hundred and twenty-eight consecutive patients were seen at the University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics-Faint and Fall Clinic and 68 patients at the American Center-Faint and Fall Clinic. The patients’ clinical characteristics were similar except for a lower age in the American Center patients (45 ± 18 vs 51 ± 22, p = 0.03). Overall, a diagnosis was made within 45 days in 70% (95% confidence interval 66–74%) of the University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics patients and 69% (95% confidence interval 58–80%) of the American Center patients, ( p = 0.9). A mean of 3.0 ± 1.6 tests per patient was used in the University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics group compared to 1.5 ± 0.8 tests per patient in the American Center group, p = 0.001. Over the six-month study period, the total revenue at the American Center was US$152,597 (contribution margin of US$122,393 plus professional revenue of US$30,204). The total cost of the nurse practitioner including benefits was US$66,662 ((US$98,466 salary/year + 35.4% benefits)/2). Total revenue minus expenses resulted in a net profit of US$85,935.

Discussion

A nurse practitioner-run outreach syncope-clinic equipped with online faint-decision software and consultancy of a faint specialist through vedio-conferencing is feasible and financially self-sustainable. It allows the dissemination of standardized high-quality syncope care to patients who have no immediate access to a tertiary teaching hospital.
Shame and emotion regulation in inflammatory bowel disease: Effects on psychosocial functioning
Authors: Trindade Inês A , Ferreira Cláudia , Pinto-Gouveia José
Published: July 2017

Although patients with inflammatory bowel disease seem to be prone to high levels of shame, the mechanisms behind the impact of chronic illness–related shame on patients’ functioning have not been explored yet. This study aims to address these gaps using a sample of 161 patients with inflammatory bowel disease who completed self-report measures on an online survey. The results from path analyses showed that chronic illness–related shame presented direct and indirect effects on psychological health ( R2 = .66) and social relationships ( R2 = .46). The indirect effects were mediated by experiential avoidance and uncommitted living. Possible explanations to these findings and clinical implications are discussed.