bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tight frame oversampling and its equivalence to shift-invariance of affine frame operators
Authors: Chui Charles , Sun Qiyu
Published: January 2003

Let

Ψ
=
{

ψ
1

,
…
,

ψ
L

}
⊂

L
2

:=

L
2

(
−
∞
,
∞
)

\Psi =\{\psi _1, \ldots , \psi _L\}\subset L^2:=L^2(-\infty , \infty )

generate a tight affine frame with dilation factor

M
M

, where

2
≤
M
∈

Z

2\le M\in \mathbf {Z}

, and sampling constant

b
=
1

b=1

(for the zeroth scale level). Then for

1
≤
N
∈

Z

1\le N\in \mathbf {Z}

,

N
×

N\times

oversampling (or oversampling by

N
N

) means replacing the sampling constant

1
1

by

1

/

N

1/N

. The Second Oversampling Theorem asserts that

N
×

N\times

oversampling of the given tight affine frame generated by

Ψ
\Psi

preserves a tight affine frame, provided that

N
=

N
0

N=N_0

is relatively prime to

M
M

(i.e.,

g
c
d
(

N
0

,
M
)
=
1

gcd(N_0,M)=1

). In this paper, we discuss the preservation of tightness in

m

N
0

×

mN_0\times

oversampling, where

1
≤
m

|

M

1\le m|M

(i.e.,

1
≤
m
≤
M

1\le m\le M

and

g
c
d
(
m
,
M
)
=
m

gcd(m,M)=m

). We also show that tight affine frame preservation in

m

N
0

×

mN_0\times

oversampling is equivalent to the property of shift-invariance with respect to

1

m

N
0

Z

\frac {1}{mN_0}\mathbf {Z}

of the affine frame operator

Q

0
,

N
0

Q_{0,N_0}

defined on the zeroth scale level.
The first cohomology group of the generalized Morava stabilizer algebra
Authors: Nakai Hirofumi , Ravenel Douglas
Published: January 2003

There exists app-local spectrumT(m)T(m)withBP∗(T(m))BP_{*}(T(m))=BP∗[t1,…,tm]\!BP_{*}[t_{1},\dots ,t_{m}]. Its Adams-NovikovE2E_2-term is isomorphic toExtΓ(m+1)(BP∗,BP∗),\begin{equation*} \text {Ext}_{\Gamma (m+1)}(BP_*,BP_*), \end{equation*}where<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="normal upper Gamma left-parenthesis m plus 1 right-parenthesis equals upper B upper P Subscript asterisk Baseline left-parenthesis upper B upper P right-parenthesis slash left-parenthesis t 1 comma ellipsis comma t Subscript m Baseline right-parenthesis equals upper B upper P Subscript asterisk Baseline left-bracket t Subscript m plus 1 Baseline comma t Subscript m plus 2 Baseline comma ellipsis right-bracket period">Γ(m+1)=BP∗(BP)/(t1,…,tm)=BP∗[tm+1,tm+2,…].\begin{equation*} \Gamma (m+1) = BP_{*} (BP)/ \left (t_{1},\dots ,t_{m}\right ) = BP_{*}[t_{m+1},t_{m+2},\dots ]. \end{equation*}In this paper we determine the groups<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="Ext Subscript normal upper Gamma left-parenthesis m plus 1 right-parenthesis Superscript 1 Baseline left-parenthesis upper B upper P Subscript asterisk Baseline comma v Subscript n Superscript negative 1 Baseline upper B upper P Subscript asterisk Baseline slash upper I Subscript n Baseline right-parenthesis">ExtΓ(m+1)1(BP∗,vn−1BP∗/In)\begin{equation*} \text {Ext}^{1}_{\Gamma (m+1)} (BP_{*},v_{n}^{-1}BP_{*}/I_{n}) \end{equation*}for allm,n>0m,n>0. Its rank ranges fromn+1n+1ton2n^{2}depending on the value ofmm.
Commutator estimates
Authors: Taylor Michael
Published: January 2003

We produce a family of commutator estimates, bridging two sharp classical cases of Calderon-Coifman-Meyer type and of Kato-Ponce-Moser type, respectively. The result provides a useful sharpening of other commonly used commutator estimates.
Nonzero fixed points of power-bounded linear operators
Authors: Ok Efe
Published: January 2003

This paper provides a variety of sufficient conditions for the existence of a nonzero fixed point of a power-bounded linear operator defined on a real Banach space. In the case of power-bounded positive operators on a Banach lattice, among the conditions we provide are not being strongly stable along with commuting with a compact operator or being quasicompact. These results apply directly to Markov operators. In the case of an arbitrary power-bounded operator on a Hilbert space, being uniformly asymptotically regular and not strongly stable guarantees the existence of a nonzero fixed point.
Diagrams of divide links
Authors: Chmutov Sergei
Published: January 2003

Recently N. A’Campo suggested a construction of a link from a generic immersion of a curve into a 2-disk. It is tightly related to the singularity theory. In this paper, we give a simple procedure to draw a diagram of the link from a picture of the curve.
Endpoint estimates for the circular maximal function
Authors: Lee Sanghyuk
Published: January 2003

We consider the problem of endpoint estimates for the circular maximal function defined by
\[
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper M f left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis equals sup Underscript 1 greater-than t greater-than 2 Endscripts StartAbsoluteValue integral Underscript upper S Superscript 1 Baseline Endscripts f left-parenthesis x minus t y right-parenthesis d sigma left-parenthesis y right-parenthesis EndAbsoluteValue">

M
f
(
x
)
=

sup

1
>
t
>
2

|

∫

S
1

f
(
x
−
t
y
)
d
σ
(
y
)
|

Mf(x)=\sup _{1>t>2}\left |\int _{S^1} f(x-ty)d\sigma (y)\right |

\]
where

d
σ

d\sigma

is the normalized surface area measure on

S
1

S^1

. Let

Δ
\Delta

be the closed triangle with vertices

(
0
,
0
)
,
(
1

/

2
,
1

/

2
)
,
(
2

/

5
,
1

/

5
)

(0,0), (1/2, 1/2), (2/5,1/5)

. We prove that for
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis 1 slash p comma 1 slash q right-parenthesis element-of normal upper Delta minus StartSet left-parenthesis 1 slash 2 comma 1 slash 2 right-parenthesis comma left-parenthesis 2 slash 5 comma 1 slash 5 right-parenthesis EndSet">

(
1

/

p
,
1

/

q
)
∈
Δ
∖
{
(
1

/

2
,
1

/

2
)
,
(
2

/

5
,
1

/

5
)
}

(1/p,1/q)\in \Delta \setminus \{(1/2,1/2), (2/5,1/5)\}

, there is a constant

C
C

such that
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-vertical-bar upper M f double-vertical-bar Subscript upper L Sub Superscript q Subscript left-parenthesis double-struck upper R squared right-parenthesis Baseline less-than-or-equal-to upper C double-vertical-bar f double-vertical-bar Subscript upper L Sub Superscript p Subscript left-parenthesis double-struck upper R squared right-parenthesis Baseline period">

‖
M
f

‖

L
q

(

R

2

)

≤
C
‖
f

‖

L
p

(

R

2

)

.

\|Mf\|_{L^q(\mathbb R^2)}\le C\|f\|_{L^p(\mathbb R^2)}.

Furthermore,
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-vertical-bar upper M f double-vertical-bar Subscript upper L Sub Superscript 5 comma normal infinity Subscript left-parenthesis double-struck upper R squared right-parenthesis Baseline less-than-or-equal-to upper C double-vertical-bar f double-vertical-bar Subscript upper L Sub Superscript 5 slash 2 comma 1 Subscript left-parenthesis double-struck upper R squared right-parenthesis">

‖
M
f

‖

L

5
,
∞

(

R

2

)

≤
C
‖
f

‖

L

5

/

2
,
1

(

R

2

)

\|Mf\|_{L^{5,\infty }(\mathbb R^2)}\le C \|f\|_{L^{5/2,1}(\mathbb R^2)}

.
Countably generated Hilbert modules, the Kasparov Stabilisation Theorem, and frames in Hilbert modules
Authors: Raeburn Iain , Thompson Shaun
Published: January 2003

We consider a class of countably generated Hilbert modules in which the generators are multipliers of the module, and prove a version of the Kasparov Stabilisation Theorem for these modules. We then extend recent work of Frank and Larson on frames in Hilbert modules.
Kodaira dimension of symmetric powers
Authors: Arapura Donu , Archava Sviatoslav
Published: January 2003

We compute the plurigenera and the Kodaira dimension of the

d
d

th symmetric power

S
d

X

S^dX

of a smooth projective variety

X
X

. As an application we obtain genus estimates for the curves lying on

X
X

.
On bifurcation points of a complex polynomial
Authors: Jelonek Zbigniew
Published: January 2003

Let

f
:

C

n

→

C

f: \mathbb {C}^n \to \mathbb {C}

be a polynomial of degree

d
d

. Assume that the set

K
~

∞

(
f
)
=
{
y
∈

C

:

\tilde {K}_\infty (f)=\{ y \in \mathbb {C} :

there is a sequence

x
l

→
∞

x_l\rightarrow \infty

s.t.

f
(

x
l

)
→
y

f(x_l)\rightarrow y

and

‖
d
f
(

x
l

)
‖
→
0
}

\Vert d f(x_l)\Vert \rightarrow 0\}

is finite. We prove that the set
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="ModifyingAbove upper K With tilde left-parenthesis f right-parenthesis equals upper K 0 left-parenthesis f right-parenthesis union ModifyingAbove upper K With tilde Subscript normal infinity Baseline left-parenthesis f right-parenthesis">

K
~

(
f
)
=

K
0

(
f
)
∪

K
~

∞

(
f
)

\tilde {K} (f)= K_0(f)\cup \tilde {K}_\infty (f)

of generalized critical values of

f
f

(hence in particular the set of bifurcation points of

f
f

) has at most

(
d
−
1

)
n

(d-1)^n

points. Moreover,

#

K
~

∞

(
f
)
≤
(
d
−
1

)

n
−
1

.

\#\tilde {K}_\infty (f)\le (d-1)^{n-1}.

We also compute the set

K
~

(
f
)

\tilde {K} (f)

effectively.
On quasi-affine transforms of Read’s operator
Authors: Schlumprecht Thomas , Troitsky Vladimir
Published: January 2003

We show that C. J. Read’s example of an operator

T
T

on

ℓ
1

\ell _1

which does not have any non-trivial invariant subspaces is not the adjoint of an operator on a predual of

ℓ
1

\ell _1

. Furthermore, we present a bounded diagonal operator

D
D

such that even though

D

−
1

D^{-1}

is unbounded, the operator

D

−
1

T
D

D^{-1}TD

is a bounded operator on

ℓ
1

\ell _1

with invariant subspaces, and is adjoint to an operator on

c
0

c_0

.
Interpolation for multipliers on reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces
Authors: Bolotnikov Vladimir
Published: January 2003

All solutions of a tangential interpolation problem for contractive multipliers between two reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces of analytic vector-valued functions are characterized in terms of certain positive kernels. In a special important case when the spaces consist of analytic functions on the unit ball of

C

d

\mathbb {C}^d

and the reproducing kernels are of the form

(
1
−
⟨
z
,
w

⟩

−
1

)

I
p

(1-\langle z,w\rangle ^{-1})I_p

and

(
1
−
⟨
z
,
w
⟩

)

−
1

I
q

(1-\langle z,w\rangle )^{-1}I_q

, the characterization leads to a parametrization of the set of all solutions in terms of a linear fractional transformation.
On the correspondence of representations between 𝐺𝐿(𝑛) and division algebras
Authors: Lansky Joshua , Raghuram A.
Published: January 2003

For a division algebra

D
D

over a

p
p

-adic field

F
,

F,

we prove that depth is preserved under the correspondence of discrete series representations of

G

L
n

(
F
)

GL_n(F)

and irreducible representations of

D
∗

D^*

by proving that an explicit relation holds between depth and conductor for all such representations. We also show that this relation holds for many (possibly all) discrete series representations of

G

L
2

(
D
)
.

GL_2(D).
On the diophantine equation 𝑥²=4𝑞^{𝑚}-4𝑞ⁿ+1
Authors: Luca Florian
Published: January 2003

In this note, we find all positive integer solutions

(
x
,
q
,
m
,
n
)

(x,q,m,n)

of the diophantine equation from the title with

q
q

a prime power.
Algebras without noetherian filtrations
Authors: Stafford J. , Zhang J.
Published: January 2003

We provide examples of finitely generated noetherian PI algebras for which there is no finite dimensional filtration with a noetherian associated graded ring; thus we answer negatively a question of Lorenz (1988).
On the equation 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑌=𝑓 and application to control of phases
Authors: Bourgain Jean , Brezis Haïm
Published: January 2003

The main result is the following. Let

Ω
\Omega

be a bounded Lipschitz domain in

R

d

\mathbb {R}^{d}

,

d
≥
2

d\geq 2

. Then for every

f
∈

L

d

(
Ω
)

f\in L^{d}(\Omega )

with

∫
f
=
0

\int f =0

, there exists a solution

u
∈

C

0

(

Ω
¯

)
∩

W

1
,
d

(
Ω
)

u\in C^{0}(\bar \Omega )\cap W^{1, d}(\Omega )

of the equation div

u
=
f

u=f

in

Ω
\Omega

, satisfying in addition

u
=
0

u=0

on

∂
Ω

\partial \Omega

and the estimate
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-vertical-bar u double-vertical-bar Subscript upper L Sub Superscript normal infinity Baseline plus double-vertical-bar u double-vertical-bar Subscript upper W Sub Superscript 1 comma d Baseline less-than-or-equal-to upper C double-vertical-bar f double-vertical-bar Subscript upper L Sub Superscript d">

‖
u

‖

L

∞

+
‖
u

‖

W

1
,
d

≤
C
‖
f

‖

L

d

\begin{equation*}\Vert u\Vert _{L^{\infty }}+\Vert u\Vert _{W^{1, d}}\leq C\Vert f\Vert _{L^{d}} \end{equation*}

where

C
C

depends only on

Ω
\Omega

. However one cannot choose

u
u

depending linearly on

f
f

. Our proof is constructive, but nonlinear—which is quite surprising for such an elementary linear PDE. When

d
=
2

d=2

there is a simpler proof by duality—hence nonconstructive.
Totally positive Toeplitz matrices and quantum cohomology of partial flag varieties
Authors: Rietsch Konstanze
Published: January 2003

We show that the set of totally positive unipotent lower-triangular Toeplitz matrices inGLnGL_nforms a real semi-algebraic cell of dimensionn−1n-1. Furthermore we prove a natural cell decomposition for its closure. The proof uses properties of the quantum cohomology rings of the partial flag varieties ofGLn(C)GL_n(\mathbb {C})relying in particular on the positivity of the structure constants, which are enumerative Gromov–Witten invariants. We also give a characterization of total positivity for Toeplitz matrices in terms of the (quantum) Schubert classes. This work builds on some results of Dale Peterson’s which we explain with proofs in the typeAAcase.
Topological representations of matroids
Authors: Swartz E.
Published: January 2003

There is a one-to-one correspondence between geometric lattices and the intersection lattices of arrangements of homotopy spheres. When the arrangements are essential and fully partitioned, Zaslavsky’s enumeration of the cells of the arrangement still holds. Bounded subcomplexes of an arrangement of homotopy spheres correspond to minimal cellular resolutions of the dual matroid Steiner ideal. As a result, the Betti numbers of the ideal are computed and seen to be equivalent to Stanley’s formula in the special case of face ideals of independence complexes of matroids.
General elephants of three-fold divisorial contractions
Authors: Kawakita Masayuki
Published: January 2003

We treat three-fold divisorial contractions whose exceptional divisors contract to Gorenstein points. We prove that a general element in the anti-canonical system around the exceptional divisor has at worst Du Val singularities. As application to classification, we describe divisorial contractions to compound

A

n

A_{n}

points, and moreover, we deduce that any divisorial contraction to a compound

D

n

D_{n}

or

E

n

E_{n}

point has discrepancy

≤
4

\le 4

.
Relations in the cohomology ring of the moduli space of rank 2 Higgs bundles
Authors: Hausel Tamás , Thaddeus Michael
Published: January 2003

The moduli space of stable bundles of rank

2
2

and degree

1
1

on a Riemann surface has rational cohomology generated by the so-called universal classes. The work of Baranovsky, King-Newstead, Siebert-Tian and Zagier provided a complete set of relations between these classes, expressed in terms of a recursion in the genus. This paper accomplishes the same thing for the noncompact moduli spaces of Higgs bundles, in the sense of Hitchin and Simpson. There are many more independent relations than for stable bundles, but in a sense the answer is simpler, since the formulas are completely explicit, not recursive. The results of Kirwan on equivariant cohomology for holomorphic circle actions are of key importance.
Lessons learned about developing and coordinating an instruction program with freshman composition
Authors: McMillen Paula S. , Miyagishima Bryan , Maughan Laurel S.
Published: January 2003

In the Spring of 2001, the Oregon State University Libraries began planning for a collaboration with the university’s freshman composition program. In implementing this project, with no additional library resources, and with the majority of library faculty less experienced in working with freshman students, the coordinators of the program learned numerous lessons which highlighted both the steps needed in initiating and maintaining a new instruction program, and the functions and competencies vital to providing instructional leadership and coordination in an academic library. The following case study describes the process that the coordinators of this instruction program followed, and will discuss the important role that library instruction coordinators have to play in starting a new program of library instruction.
Information competency instruction in a two‐year college: one size does not fit all
Authors: Moore Deborah , Brewster Steve , Dorroh Cynthia , Moreau Michael
Published: January 2003

This paper discusses the information competency (information literacy) program at the Glendale Community College (California) Library, and the findings of a longitudinal study which indicate that information competency instruction has significant impact on student success (defined as retention and grades). The Glendale Community College Library’s information competency program consists of on‐demand instruction sessions, a series of standardized workshops repeated weekly, two transferable credit courses (one of which is being experimentally paired with English composition), and infusion of discipline‐related research skills into major courses. Quantitative data from the research study are included, as are anecdotal data regarding the paired Library‐English courses and the infusion into the nursing curriculum.
Reflections on collaboration: learning outcomes and information literacy assessment in the business curriculum
Authors: Fiegen Ann M. , Cherry Bennett , Watson Kathleen
Published: January 2003

Develops a model whereby information literacy competencies are formally adopted as learning outcomes for an undergraduate business curriculum. The information competencies are some of the mission driven competencies developed by a College of Business Administration at a regional university in keeping with the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business standards. In one class, develops an assessment instrument to measure student learning of information literacy competencies tied to the course objectives. The performance measures and learning outcomes in the Association of College and Research Libraries’ Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education were used to plan an information literacy curriculum within an upper division discipline program. Provides an example of how the learning outcomes can offer guidance to course instructors when designing activities and assignments that seek to measure information competence in business courses.
Investigating the environment: teaching and learning with undergraduates in the sciences
Authors: Raquepau Cynthia A. , Richards Louise M.
Published: January 2003

Two librarian/instructors developed and taught a three‐credit, quarter long course for undergraduates at the University of Washington, Seattle, USA. The course emphasized research skills in natural and environmental sciences. Presents a history of the course – how it came to be and the partnerships involved; and describe the process of research, design, implementation and revision involved with teaching. Using fluency in technology and surveys of current students, the researchers concluded that greater learning is achieved through a combination of computer technology and information resources. Collaborations between librarians and departments determined the specifics of the class, which were then incorporated into the course design and implementation. Presents an evaluation of the current course and an approach for best practices.
Using HorizonLive to deliver library instruction to distance and online students
Authors: Blakeslee Sarah , Johnson Kristin
Published: January 2003

With the move from satellite to Web‐based course delivery systems, librarians have greater opportunities, as well as greater challenges, regarding the best way to deliver information literacy instruction to distance students. Providing distance education through course delivery software like WebCT and HorizonLive is a growing trend in higher education. In addition, the opportunity to provide “real time” reference service to these distance students is afforded by the availability of live chat software. Librarians at California State University, Chico, decided to collaborate with distance education professors to use HorizonLive and chat reference to provide traditional library instruction, albeit in an untraditional format, to distance students. This article details the project and reports on its success.
New frontier trail guides: faculty‐librarian collaboration on information literacy
Authors: Cunningham Thomas H. , Lanning Scott
Published: January 2003

Information literacy is essential for successful expeditions into the ever‐expanding knowledge frontier. Faculty and librarians can guide each other, and the learners they serve, past wastelands to fertile soil and reliable wells to sustain inquiry and cultivate deeper understanding in their fields of study. The authors present definitions of information literacy, describe challenges in promoting it, and offer possible solutions for promoting faculty‐librarian collaboration on information literacy.
Problem‐based learning: evolving strategies and conversations for library instruction
Authors: Brock Enger Kathy , Brenenson Stephanie , Lenn Katy , MacMillan Margy , Meisart Michele F. , Meserve Harry , Vella Sandra A.
Published: January 2003

Problem‐based learning (PBL) is a teaching strategy that is currently being introduced in undergraduate curricula in colleges and universities across the country, particularly in applied areas such as engineering and the biological sciences. Faculty are increasingly interested in using PBL as an instructional tool because students more readily transfer the knowledge they acquire using PBL to real‐world situations. Librarians at a June 2002 LOEX‐of‐West pre‐conference workshop on PBL questioned how it could be used in the 50‐minute library instruction period, since PBL relies on cooperative learning techniques for successful implementation. The librarians determined that PBL could be applied in the 50‐minute library instruction period using specific Association of College and Research Libraries Information Literacy Competency Standards, but it could be more effectively implemented in two 75‐minute periods where collaboration among students may more easily be facilitated.
Employing transformational leadership to enhance the quality of management development instruction
Authors: Pounder James S.
Published: January 2003

In recent years, the transformational leadership construct has become a popular topic in leadership literature. Generally, the view is held that transformational leadership is superior to the more conventional transactional leadership and produces desirable leadership outcomes. The claims made for transformational leadership have been largely reported outside the instructional context yet the nature of the transformational leadership construct indicates considerable potential in the teaching of management development courses. This paper explores the idea that the enactment of transformational leadership by instructors can enhance the quality of management development instruction.
An on-line intelligent multi-input—multi-output autopilot design study
Authors: Sutton R , Craven P J
Published: January 2003

This paper describes the development of an on-line intelligent multi-input-multi-output autopilot for simultaneously controlling the yaw and roll dynamics of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) model. The six-degree-of-freedom non-linear AUV model used in the design study is hosted in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Simulation results are presented that demonstrate the ability of the autopilot to operate effectively in the presence of mass variation in the vehicle model and measurement noise. Thus, the approach adopted offers an attractive alternative to more traditional methodologies.
Prediction of welding deformations of stiffened panels
Authors: Jang C D , Lee C H , Ko D E
Published: January 2003

Welding deformation reduces the accuracy of ship hull blocks and decreases productivity due to the need for correction work. Preparing an error-minimizing guide at the design stage will lead to higher quality as well as higher productivity. Therefore, developing a precise method to predict the weld deformation is an essential part of it. This paper proposes an efficient method for predicting the weld deformation of complicated structures based on the inherent strain theory combined with the finite element method. The inherent strain is defined as the residual plastic strain after the welding heat cycle and is determined using the highest temperature and degree of restraint. In order to calculate precisely the inherent strain in real structures, it should be noted that the degree of restraint changes according to the different fabrication stages. The simulation of a stiffened panel confirmed the applicability of this method to simple ship hull blocks.
A vessel management expert system
Authors: Tran T , Harris C J , Wilson P A
Published: January 2003

A unified collision avoidance system is proposed to improve the efficiency and safety of marine transport, namely maritime avoidance navigation, totally integrated system (MANTIS). The principle behind its operation is to remove the difficulties and uncertainties involved in marine navigation through a system structure that makes marine transport deterministic rather than uncertain. Fundamental to its operation is a strategic interactive expert system that can determine safe and efficient navigation routes for all vessels as part of journey planning and en route collision avoidance. An important requirement is to take account of non-navigable areas, collision regulations, ship characteristics, sea state and sensor accuracy during evaluation. An outline of the MANTIS infrastructure is given, followed by a description of the vessel management system (VMES). Simulation results exemplify the significance of the system for future exploitation.
Asymmetric Synthesis of gem-Dimethylcyclopropane-fused Compounds through Chemo-, Regio-, and Stereoselective Cyclopropanation and Stereospecific Rearrangement
Authors: Sugimura Takashi , Tei Takahiro , Okuyama Tadashi
Published: January 2003

Optically active gem-dimethylcyclopropane-fused compound was synthesized by a tandem reaction consisting of chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective cyclopropanation of a 4-substituted 7,7-dimethylcycloheptatriene with an internal diazo ester and following stereospecific rearrangement.
Fabrication of Thin Films Using a Soluble Metal Phthalocyanine Salt and Their Photoconductive Properties
Authors: Matsuda Masaki , Ikeda Shingo , Hanasaki Noriaki , Yoshita Masahiro , Tajima Hiroyuki
Published: January 2003

We fabricated thin films from an acetone solution containing [(n-C7H15)4N]2[FeII(Pc)(CN)2] (Pc = phthalocyanine). The quality of films was improved by the pretreatment of the substrate with 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl chloride. The fabricated films exhibit the photoswitching phenomenon for ultraviolet (UV) irradiation.
Synthesis of Mesoporous Carbon-Containing Ferrocene Derivative and Its Electrochemical Property
Authors: Furukawa Hiroyasu , Hibino Mitsuhiro , Zhou Hao-Shen , Honma Itaru
Published: January 2003

Ordered mesoporous carbon-containing ferrocene derivative (Fc-MC) with a hexagonal framework structure has been prepared using a SBA-15 silica template. The electric double-layer capacitance of Fc-MC increases in comparison with that of pure mesoporous carbon.
Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitro and Carbonyl Compounds over Novel Fe(III) Substituted Hexagonal Mesoporous Aluminophosphates
Authors: Sonavane Sachin U , Mohapatra Susanta K , Jayaram Radha V , Selvam Parasuraman
Published: January 2003

Catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of aromatic nitro and carbonyl compounds over novel Fe(III) substituted hexagonal mesoporous aluminophosphate (FeHMA) molecular sieve catalyst showed excellent regioselectivity/chemoselectivity as well as superior recycling capability. Furthermore, the reduction occurs without affecting other functional groups such as –CN, –CHO, –Cl, –CH3, –OCH3 and –NH2.
Generation of Photoinduced Steady Current by Purple Membrane Langmuir-Blodgett Films at Electrode-Electrolyte Interface
Authors: Miyasaka Tsutomu , Atake Tatsuya , Watanabe Tadashi
Published: January 2003

The Langmuir-Blodgett films of purple membrane (PM) immobilized on a gold electrode produced steady cathodic photocurrents under cathodic polarization of the electrode in aqueous electrolyte. The photocurrent is attributable to proton-reducing current that responds to proton release from light-excited bacteriorhodopsin. Effect of DC electric field at the water-air interface on the orientation of PM monolayer film was investigated.
C–H Activation by Cu(III)2O2 Intermediate with Secondary Amino Ligand
Authors: Arii Hidekazu , Saito Yamato , Nagatomo Shigenori , Kitagawa Teizo , Funahashi Yasuhiro , Jitsukawa Koichiro , Masuda Hideki
Published: January 2003

Reaction of Cu(I) complex having a newly designed tridentate ligand i-Bu3CY with dioxygen has given an active bis(μ-oxo)dicopper(III) complex, which has exhibited a unique intramolecular hydroxylation of the β-methine carbon of isobutyl group of the ligand.
Platinum-catalyzed Amidocarbonylation
Authors: Sagae Takahiro , Sugiura Masaharu , Hagio Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Shu
Published: January 2003

The first example of platinum-catalyzed amidocarbonylation of aldehydes with amides and carbon monoxide is described. In contrast to precedent palladium catalysis, a remarkable ligand acceleration by phosphines was observed. Furthermore, an optically active N-acetyl amino acid was partially epimerized under the platinum-catalyzed conditions, while faster racemization was observed under the palladium catalysis.
Pronounced Effect of the Methods of Preparation of Organic Thin Films on Hole Injection from the Indium-tin-oxide Electrode–Vacuum Deposition vs Spin Coating
Authors: Ishihara Mari , Okumoto Kenji , Shirota Yasuhiko
Published: January 2003

The methods of preparation of organic thin films of hole-transporting materials, vacuum deposition and spin coating, were found to exert a pronounced influence on charge injection from electrodes into organic layers in organic electroluminescent devices, depending upon the kind of hole transporters.
Electrooxidative Copolymerization of Aniline with o-Aminobenzonitrile in Centrifugal Fields
Authors: Atobe Mahito , Sekido Michiko , Fuchigami Toshio , Nonaka Tsutomu
Published: January 2003

It was demonstrated for the first time that centrifugal effects controlled not only the electrooxidative copolymerization ratio of aniline and o-aminobenzonitrile but also the morphology of the copolymer films.
Primary HIV infection
Authors: Apoola Ade , Ahmad Sammena , Radcliffe Keith
Published: January 2003

Primary HIV can be asymptomatic or result in a severe symptomatic illness. Common symptoms are pyrexia, pharyngitis, malaise, lethargy, maculopapular rash, mucous membrane ulceration, lymphadenopathy and headache. It can be reliably diagnosed by a positive virologic test in the absence of HIV-specific antibodies. Progression to late-stage disease is influenced by the severity of the symptoms in primary HIV infection, the duration of the illness, the presence of neurological symptoms and the presence of oral candidiasis. This stage is characterized by a very high viral load and infectiousness. Currently the experimental data are insufficient to recommend whether or not those diagnosed with primary HIV infection should routinely receive antiretroviral therapy.
Reiter's syndrome and keratoderma blennorrhagica on glans penis — Is this unusual?
Authors: Edirisinghe D N , Sankar K N , Pattman R S
Published: January 2003

Current teaching on Reiter's syndrome is that keratoderma blennorrhagica lesions appear characteristically on the soles of feet, although they can be seen on other parts of the body infrequently. We therefore thought that it would be interesting to report the case of keratoderma blennorrhagica lesions found on the glans penis of a circumcised patient with Reiter's syndrome.
Why do gay men want to be vaccinated against hepatitis B? An assessment of psychosocial determinants of vaccination intention
Authors: Schutten M , de Wit J B F , van Steenbergen J E
Published: January 2003

We assessed to what extent gay men are motivated to obtain vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV), as well as the social cognitive determinants of this motivation. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among homosexual men by means of a written questionnaire that contained assessments of intention, knowledge and social–cognitive determinants of intention (i.e. attitude, social norm and perceived behavioural control towards vaccination, perceived severity and perceived vulnerability regarding HBV infection). Four hundred and thirty-three homosexual men completed the questionnaire. We conducted a linear regression analysis to determine the contribution of social–cognitive variables in explaining intention to be vaccinated. Attitude, social norm and perceived vulnerability were significant predictors of intention. Usually, health education emphasizes the severity of a disease, but from this analysis we can conclude that gay men should be convinced of their personal vulnerability to HBV, the benefits of vaccination, and that important referents of the targeted person think positively about vaccination.
One year of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Sweden: the prevalence study of antibiotic susceptibility shows relation to the geographic area of exposure
Authors: Berglund Torsten , Unemo Magnus , Olcén Per , Giesecke Johan , Fredlund Hans
Published: January 2003

The aim of this study was to compare epidemiological data with antibiotic susceptibility patterns, so as to characterize the risk of infection with a highly resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain. N. gonorrhoeae strains isolated in Sweden from February 1998 through January 1999 were tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Epidemiological data were received from each clinician reporting a case of gonorrhoea and these data were linked to the N. gonorrhoeae strains. A total of 348 N. gonorrhoeae isolates, representing 89% of all Swedish cases diagnosed during the 12-month period, were tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Of all isolates, 24% were β-lactamase-producing, and 18% had decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MIC>0.064 mg/l). All isolates were fully susceptible to ceftriaxone and spectinomycin. More than 99% of the isolates were fully susceptible to azithromycin. The antibiotic susceptibility varied with the places where patients were exposed to infection. When exposed in Asia, 63% of the isolates showed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, compared with 0-8.5% of the isolates from patients exposed in other places (RR=8.5, P<0.001). Ciprofloxacin cannot be recommended as the first choice of treatment if the place of exposure was in Asia.
Genomic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 in India
Authors: Sahni A K , Prasad V V S P , Seth P
Published: January 2003

Surveillance of HIV-1 subtypes has important implications for the development of candidate vaccine and understanding the possible differences in the transmission and natural history of different subtypes. In this study, HIV-1 subtypes were determined for homologies in the C2-V3-V5 region by heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) in HIV-1 seropositive patients referred to the National HIV/AIDS Reference Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences in New Delhi, India. Of the 125 samples analysed, 98 (78.4%) were HIV-1 subtype C, 11 (8.8%) were subtype B′, 3 (2.4%) were subtype A and 2 (1.6%) were subtype E. In 11 samples, subtype determination was not clear-cut. It is possible that these individuals may be infected with recombinant strains of HIV-1. These findings may have significant implications for the designing and testing of effective HIV-1 vaccine candidate in India.
Risk factors and cumulative incidence of anaemia among HIV-infected injection drug users
Authors: Semba Richard D , Shah Nina , Vlahov David
Published: January 2003

Risk factors for anaemia and cumulative incidence of anaemia were examined in a longitudinal cohort study of 622 injection drug users (IDUs) (8885 visits) in Baltimore, Maryland, from 1988 to 2000. At enrolment, 19.6% subjects were anaemic (16.1% of men and 30.5% of women, P<0.0001) and 8.4% had microcytic anaemia (6.7% of men and 14.0% of women, P=0.006). Cumulative incidence of anaemia was 82.2% (87.9% of men and 100% of women, P<0.0001) during a median of 7.5 years follow-up. Factors associated with anaemia included age (per 5 year increase, odds ratio (OR)=1.22; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10, 1.36), female gender (OR=1.62; 95% CI: 1.16, 2.27), CD4+ lymphocyte count <200 cells/ µl (OR 1.85; 95% CI: 1.52, 2.24), weight loss (OR 1.55; 95% CI: 1.26, 1.91), oral thrush (OR 1.53; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.94), Mycobacterium avium complex infection (OR 1.30; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.64), and zidovudine use (OR 1.24; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.48). Higher body mass index (OR 0.92; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.95) and marijuana use (OR 0.75; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.92) were associated with a lower risk of anaemia. The cumulative incidence of anaemia is high among IDUs, and women are at highest risk of anaemia.
A survey of non-consultant career grade doctors in genitourinary medicine: their knowledge of guidelines and their access to information technology 2001
Authors: Challenor Rachel , Crowley Tessa
Published: January 2003

Non-consultant career grade (NCCG) doctors in genitourinary medicine (GUM) perform a large proportion of the clinical work. To ensure quality of service delivery to patients, it is essential that these doctors keep up to date. Seven hundred questionnaires were sent to NCCGs in the UK to evaluate their knowledge of national guidelines and access to information technology. A summary of the 224 replies (31% response) is presented. Knowledge of guidelines (76%–86%) and access to the Internet at work (39%–44%) varied according to the number of sessions worked in GUM per week and by grade of doctor. Knowledge of relevant websites was poor, ranging from 40%–54% for the Medical Society for the Study of Venereal Diseases (MSSVD) website and 21%–39% for the Association of Genitourinary Medicine (AGUM) website. This survey highlights areas for concern, especially with regard to NCCGs who work three or less GUM sessions per week.
Opportunistic chlamydia screening; should positive patients be screened for co-infections?
Authors: Harindra V , Tobin J M , Underhill G
Published: January 2003

This study examines the requirement for testing patients for other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and bacterial vaginosis (BV) when diagnosed with genital chlamydia during opportunistic screening. Data were collected on all patients participating in the Department of Health chlamydia screening pilot study in Portsmouth. One thousand two hundred and forty-five women and 490 men with genital chlamydia were seen in Portsmouth genitourinary medicine (GUM) department. Of the women screened in GUM, 28% had coexisting STIs and 21% had BV. The corresponding figures for those initially screened in the community were 4% and 17%. An increased number of female sexual partners of male patients (76%) and male partners of female patients (55%) of the GUM group had co-infections; 58% of male partners from the community group had another STI. The increased morbidity associated with these infections warrants screening of all patients with chlamydia for other STIs and BV.
HIV epidemiology in Morocco: a nine-year survey (1991–1999)
Authors: Elmir Elharti , Nadia Safir , Ouafae Bennani , Rajae Mengad , Amina Siwani , Rajae El Aouad
Published: January 2003

The first case of HIV/AIDS in Morocco was notified in 1986. The Moroccan Ministry of Health has set up a system of management of HIV/AIDS cases and surveillance of the epidemic. Between 1991 and 1999, we studied 12,981 sera from patients in different Moroccan regions, who attended with high risk and/or symptoms of HIV/AIDS. The overall prevalence of positive HIV serology was 5.04% (4.67–5.44%). This rate was higher compared to blood donors which is 0.02%. From 1993 to 1998, the prevalence was around 4–5% (2.73-6.26%) then increased to 8.06% (6.89–9.36%) in 1999. Retrospective analysis of available epidemiological data have shown that the highest rate was observed in the South of Morocco with 12.23% (11.10–13.44%). Of the HIV positive cases, 72.22% of seropositives were infected heterosexually, 11.11% by intravenous drugs use, 7.41% by homosexuality, 4.63% by bisexuality and 4.63% and 0.62% by vertical transmission. The median age of infected persons was 33.3 years. Among documented HIV-positive individuals, 53.74% were aged 30–39 years, 21.43% were 20–29 years and 17.69% were 40 years or more. In this study, among HIV-positive patients 42.17% have loss of weight with fever and diarrhoea represent and 35.54% have loss of weight with fever, diarrhoea and opportunistic infections. The present work shows that the HIV infection increased significantly in 1999. Effective measures to control this trend should be implemented soon before the situation worsens.
The Role of Dissolved Organic Carbon in a Shallow Lowland Reservoir Ecosystem — A Long‐term Study
Authors: Górniak Andrzej , Zieliński Piotr , Jekatierynczuk‐Rudczyk Elżbieta , Grabowska Magdalena , Suchowolec Tomasz
Published: January 2003

Long‐term studies were conducted on the polymictic Siemianówka reservoir (SR), situated in a seminatural forest‐peat catchment in NE Poland. The studies were started on the second year of the reservoir's existence. The records showed dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations gradually increasing up to 25…30 mg/L. The largest DOC pool in the reservoir comes from the spring load input, supplemented by the excessive development of phytoplankton with cyanobacteria dominance. The DOC limited the range of the photic zone, eliminated the occurrence of aquatic plants, and was a significant carrier of nutrients, which were gradually released to water, bringing about the “humoeutrophication” of the reservoir.
Using web‐based technology in laboratory instruction to reduce costs
Authors: Powell Rita M. , Anderson Helen , Van der Spiegel Jan , Pope David P.
Published: January 2003

The authors report the results of a project to reemphasize high quality, hands‐on laboratory courses in the engineering curriculum while reducing their costs through the application of web‐based teaching tools. The project resulted in substantial gains in productivity of faculty and staff, increased utilization of laboratory space, cost reductions in equipment, and improved quality of learning for our students. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 10: 204–214, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.10029
WWW‐based virtual laboratories for reinforced concrete education
Authors: Jiang Hua , Kurama Yahya C. , Fanella David A.
Published: January 2003

This paper introduces three interactive virtual laboratory modules for undergraduate and graduate level education on the behavior and design of reinforced concrete structures using the World Wide Web (WWW). Users can select and configure module parameters (such as reinforcement) to investigate the design and behavior of a reinforced concrete member or section. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 10: 167–181, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.10030
Cover Picture: Chem. Eur. J. 2/2003
Authors: Tseng Hsian‐Rong , Vignon Scott A. , Celestre Paul C. , Stoddart J. Fraser , White Andrew J. P. , Williams David J.
Published: January 2003

The cover picture conveys the concise message that a fixed element of axial chirality residing in one ring of a catenane can induce chirality of a helical nature within a dynamic setting in the other (interlocked) ring. The overwhelming preference for one enantiomeric pair within a bipartite set of diastereoisomers relating to the particular [2]catenane, presented as its X‐ray crystal structure in the circular inset, becomes more and more pronounced as its 1,4‐dioxybenzene units are replaced, one at a time, by 1,5‐dioxynaphthalene ones, with their concomitant planar chiralities. The very high levels of induction of dynamic helical and planar chiralities by a fixed source of axial chirality in a simple catenane conjures up a number of scenarios where this approximately cubic nanometer of programmable information might be put to good use. For more details concerning these tiny stereochemical wonders with no stereogenic center in sight, see the article on p. 543 ff by J. F. Stoddart and D. J. Williams and the wizards that work their magic for them.
Structural Studies of N,N′‐Di(ortho‐fluorophenyl)formamidine Group 1 Metallation
Authors: Cole Marcus L. , Evans David J. , Junk Peter C. , Smith Matthew K.
Published: January 2003

The treatment of N,N′‐di(ortho‐fluorophenyl)formamidine (HFPhF) in tetrahydrofuran with equimolar amounts of n‐butyllithium, sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide or potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide affords the colourless crystalline formamidinate complexes [Li(FPhF)(thf)] (1), [Na(FPhF)(thf)] (2) and [K(FPhF)] (5). Low‐temperature preparation of 2 in diethyl ether yields the Et2O adduct [Na(FPhF)(Et2O)] (3). At ambient temperature the sodium fluoride inclusion complex [Na3(FPhF)3(Et2O)(NaF)] (4) is also formed. Spectroscopic (1H, 13C and 19F{1H} NMR) data for 1–5, microanalytical analyses for compounds 1, 2 and 5 and X‐ray structure determinations for 1, 3–5 confirm the formulae of these species. In the solid‐state, 1 and 3 possess a dimeric nature in which the formamidinate ligands coordinate through μ2:η2:η1 (1) and μ2:η2:η2 (3) binding modes. These are enabled by partial ortho‐fluoro donation. Compound 4, which is also dimeric, contains two trisodium tris(formamidinate) units that comprise μ2:η2:η2‐FPhF ligands, a bridging diethyl ether moiety and an unprecedented μ3:η2:η2:η2‐formamidinate donor. Together, these trinuclear units encapsulate two sodium fluoride units by η2‐N,N‐formamidinate chelation of the sodium cations (thereby creating further μ3:η2:η2:η2‐bound formamidinates) and fluoride–sodium interactions. Compound 5 extends the coordinative versatility of FPhF to μ2:η4:η3 coordination by the generation of K2(μ2:η4:η3‐FPhF)2 units that exhibit η2‐arene interactions. Macromolecularly, the overlaying of these units affords a polymeric solvent‐free structure that incites coordination of the FPhF ligands to metal atoms above and below the K2(FPhF)2 plane. Overall, this generates a remarkable μ4:η4:η3:η2:η1‐amidinate binding mode that incorporates both bridging and terminal fluorine donors. Compounds 1–5 are the first non‐chromium complexes of N,N′‐di(ortho‐fluorophenyl)formamidinate.