bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Genotype-Phenotype Study of High-Resolution FMR1 Nucleic Acid and Protein Analyses in Fragile X Patients With Neurobehavioral Assessments
Authors: Budimirovic Dejan B , Schlageter Annette , Sadic-Filipovic Stela , Protic Dragana , Bram Eran , Mahone E. Mark , Nicholson Kimberly , Culp Kristen , Javanmardi Kamyab , Hadd Andrew , Sharp Kevin , Adayev Tatyana , LaFauci Giuseppe , Dobkin Carl , Zhou Lili , Brown William Ted , Berry-Kravis Elizabeth , Kaufmann Walter E , Latham Gary J
Published: June 2020

Background. Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by silencing of the FMR1 gene, which encodes a protein with a critical role in synaptic plasticity. The molecular abnormality underlying FMR1 silencing, CGG repeat expansion, is well characterized; however, delineation of the pathway from DNA to RNA to protein using biosamples from well characterized patients with FXS is limited. Since FXS is a common and prototypical genetic disorder associated with intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a comprehensive assessment of the FMR1 DNA-RNA-protein pathway and its correlations with the neurobehavioral phenotype is a priority.Methods. We applied nine sensitive and quantitative assays evaluating FMR1 DNA, RNA, and FMRP parameters to a reference set of cell lines representing the range of FMR1 expansions. We then used the most informative of these assays on blood and buccal specimens from cohorts of patients with different FMR1 expansions, with emphasis on those with FXS (N = 42 total, N = 31 with FMRP measurements). The group with FMRP data was also evaluated comprehensively in terms of its neurobehavioral profile, which allowed molecular-neurobehavioral correlations. Results. FMR1 CGG repeat expansions, methylation levels, and FMRP levels, in both cell lines and blood samples, were consistent with previous FMR1 genomic and protein studies. They also demonstrated a high level of agreement between blood and buccal specimens. These assays further corroborated previous reports of the relatively high prevalence of methylation mosaicism. Molecular-neurobehavioral correlations confirmed the inverse relationship between overall severity of the FXS phenotype and decrease in FMRP levels. Other intriguing findings included a potential relationship between diagnosis of FXS with ASD and very low levels of FMRP, compared to FXS without ASD. Conclusions. The results underscore the link between FMR1 expansion, gene methylation, and FMRP deficit. The association between FMRP deficiency and overall severity of the neurobehavioral phenotype invites follow up studies in larger patient cohorts. They would be valuable to confirm and potentially extend our initial findings of a relationship between ASD and other neurobehavioral features and the magnitude of FMRP deficit. Molecular profiling of individuals with FXS may have important implications in research and clinical practice.
Effects of regulatory exercise on lipolysis pathway in obese pre and postmenopausal women
Authors: Park Kyu-Min , Lim Seung-Taek , Sung Kun-Young , Kang Sunghwun
Published: June 2020

Background

The purpose of study was to examine the effects of regulatory resistance exercise for 12 weeks on lipolysis pathway in pre- and post- menopausal women with obesity.
Methods

Twenty-three pre- and post- menopausal women with body fat percentages of 30% or more divided into pre- menopausal group (n = 9) and post- menopausal group (n = 14). All subjects participated in resistance exercise training for 12 weeks. All participant’s anthropometric measurements and physical fitness tests were performed. Protein analyses were performed with subcutaneous fatty tissue extracted, and the samples were analyzed of relevant protein expression changes by using Western blotting. All serum samples were submitted for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measurements of adipocyte factors.
Results

After 12 weeks between pre- menopausal and post- menopausal groups ATGL, MGL and PLIN protein expression were significantly lower in the post- menopausal group than in the pre- menopausal group. HSL protein expression were significantly higher in the post- menopausal group than in the pre- menopausal group. In addition, leptin concentration was significantly decreased, and adiponectin concentration was significantly increased after resistance exercise in the post- menopausal group more than pre- menopausal group.
Conclusions

In this study indicates that regular resistance exercise to change of leptin and adiponectin might be release of overall decreased ATGL, HSL, MGL and PLIN expression in subcutaneous fatty tissue, and driving reduction of % fat in the obese post- menopausal group more than obese pre- menopausal group.
LINC00665 enhances tumorigenicity of endometrial carcinoma by interacting with high mobility group AT-hook 1
Authors: Liu Yun , Chang Yue , Cai Yixuan
Published: June 2020

Background: Endometrial carcinoma is a frequently diagnosed cancer among females. LncRNAs are reported to be associated with various cancers. Their biological roles in endometrial carcinoma progression is an emerging scientific area. LINC00665 can exert a significant role in many cancers. Up to now, its potential function in endometrial carcinoma is still poorly known.Method: qRT-PCR was carried out to test expression of LINC00665 and HMGA1. Western blot analysis was carried out to detect protein expression of HMGA1. Cell proliferation was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and EdU assay. Flow cytometry assay was used to determine cell apoptosis and cell cycle. Would healing and transwell invasion assay was carried out to test cell migration and invasion. Immunohistochemical staining and HE staining were conducted to assess Ki-67 and tumor growth respectively.Results: Expression of LINC00665 in clinical endometrial carcinoma tissues and cells was obviously up-regulated. Loss of LINC00665 could repress endometrial carcinoma cell viability, induce cell apoptosis and blocked cell cycle in G1 phase. KLE and HHUA cell migration and invasion ability were depressed by LINC00665 shRNA. Decrease of LINC00665 suppressed endometrial carcinoma tumorigenicity in vivo. RIP assay evidenced LINC00665 directly bound with HMGA1 protein. shRNA of HMGA1 obviously restrained endometrial carcinoma cell growth and cell invasion.Conclusions: LINC00665 might promote endometrial carcinoma progression by positively modulating HMGA1.
RNA-sequencing reveals the expression profiles of tsRNAs and their potential carcinogenic role in cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Yan Li-rong , Wang Ang , Xu Qian , Wang Ben-gang
Published: June 2020

Background: Recently, the incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has gradually increased. As CCA has a poor prognosis, the ideal survival rate is scarce for patients. The abnormal expressed tsRNA may regulate the progression of a variety of tumors, and tsRNA is expected to become a new diagnostic marker of cancer. However, the expression of tsRNA is obscure and should be elucidated in CCA.Methods: We collected CCA tissues and adjacent normal tissues from three patients. High-throughput RNA-seq was utilized to determine the overall expression profiles of tsRNA in CCA and adjacent normal tissues and to screen the tsRNAs that were differentially expressed. The biological effects and potential signaling pathways of dysregulated tsRNAs between the CCA and adjacent normal tissues were explored by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses.Results: High-throughput RNA-seq totally demonstrated 535 dysregulated tsRNAs, of which 241 tsRNAs were upregulated and 294 tsRNAs were downregulated in CCA compared with adjacent normal tissues (|log2 (fold change)| >=1 and p value< 0.05). GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that the target genes of dysregulated tRFs (tRF-34-JJ6RRNLIK898HR, tRF-38-0668K87SERM492V, tRF-39-0668K87SERM492E2) were mainly enriched in the Notch signaling pathway, Hippo signaling pathway, and cAMP signaling pathway and in growth hormone synthesis, secretion and action.Conclusion: Differentially expressed tRFs in CCA are enriched in many pathways associated with neoplasms, which may impact the progression of CCA.
From Passive Surveillance to Response: Suriname's Steady Efforts to Implement Maternal Death Surveillance and Response (MDSR)
Authors: Kodan Lachmi R. , Verschueren Kim J.C. , Boerstra Geertje E. , Gajadien Inder , Mohamed Robert S. , Olmtak Lily D. , Mohan Satish R. , Bloemenkamp Kitty W.M.
Published: June 2020

Background Maternal death surveillance and response (MDSR) is essential in preventing avoidable maternal deaths. The cycle starts by accurately capturing maternal deaths with a surveillance system, followed by an audit to give insight into the underlying causes and "lessons learned." Subsequently, recommendations are formulated and targeted multisectoral responses such as quality of care improvement strategies, including clinical guidelines update, health promotion interventions, research to fulfill knowledge gaps, enabling policies and legislation and interventions addressing social determinants. Finally, continuous evaluation and monitoring close the MDSR cycle. We aim to describe the MDSR implementation process in Suriname to share valuable lessons with other countries.Methods We provide an overview of the evolvement from improved maternal death surveillance, toward review, response, and monitoring to fulfill the MDSR cycle in Suriname. Findings Middle-income country Suriname called for many years for improved surveillance and review, and in 2000 the first action was commenced by extension of maternal death case capturing from death certificates to active hospital surveillance. Consequently, the maternal mortality ratio increased in the following years. However, not the full MDSR cycle was completed in 2015, and local health care providers initiated the next step of the MDSR cycle with the installation of a national maternal death review committee (MaMS). Since then, the committee reviews each maternal death applying the "no blame, no shame" culture, formulates, and disseminates recommendations. Collaboration with the Ministry of Health (MOH), Bureau of Public Health (BOG), and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) should ensure progress to the sustainable implementation of MDSR. Committee MaMS demonstrates that maternal death review and recommended high impact interventions can only be effectively implemented and sustained, through strong professional and government commitment and practical, solution-oriented responses. Conclusions Crucial elements for a successful MDSR implementation are Commitment, "no blame, no shame" Culture, Coordination, Collaboration, and Communication (5 C's).We hope that describing this process toward successful nationwide MDSR implementation, with its facilitators and barriers, is helpful for other countries with similar ambitions.
Efficacy Of Unsupervised Home-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation For Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Lee Jang Ho , Lee Hyang Yi , Jang Youngwon , Lee Jae Seung , Oh Yeon-Mok , Lee Sang-do , Lee Sei Won
Published: June 2020

Background: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a well-established treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The standard protocol for PR requires frequent hospital visits, which can be difficult for patients. We performed this study to assess whether unsupervised home-based PR (HBPR) is effective for patients with COPD.Methods: This investigation was a prospective cohort study. After assessing the outcome data, including the results of a COPD assessment test (CAT); the body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity (BODE) index; a pulmonary function test; the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale; and the 6-min walking test (6MWT), specialists imparted education to patients about unsupervised HBPR. Patients who exercised more than three times per week were classified as the compliant group, and the others were categorized as the noncompliant group. Changes in the outcomes were compared between the compliant and noncompliant groups.Results: 41 patients were enrolled in this study. After 8 weeks of unsupervised HBPR, there were significant improvements in CAT scores, BODE index, and forced expiratory volume in 1 s among patients in the compliant group compared with those in the noncompliant group. Moreover, their CAT and mMRC scores improved significantly after 8 weeks compared with those at baseline. On the other hand, patients in the noncompliant group showed no significant improvement in any of the outcomes.Conclusions: Unsupervised HBPR can be effective for compliant patients with COPD. We recommend unsupervised HBPR for patients with COPD even when regular hospital visits for PR are not possible.Trial registration: NCT03754881
The association of Coronavirus Disease-19 mortality and prior bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination: a robust ecological evaluation using unsupervised machine learning
Authors: Brooks Nathan A , Puri Ankur , Garg Sanya , Nag Swapnika , Kaka Noshir , Zemmel Rodney W. , Corbo Jacomo , Turabi Anas El , Hegarty Paul K. , Kamat Ashish M.
Published: June 2020

Population-level data have suggested that bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination may lessen the severity of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) prompting clinical trials in this area. Some reports have demonstrated conflicting results. We performed a robust, ecologic analysis comparing COVID-19 related mortality (CSM) between strictly selected countries based on BCG vaccination program status utilizing publicly available databases and machine learning to define the association between active BCG vaccination programs and CSM. Validation was performed using linear regression and country-specific modeling. CSM was lower for 80% of similarly clustered countries with a BCG vaccination policy for at least the preceding 15 years (BCG15). CSM increased significantly for each increase in the percent population over age 65. The total population of a country and BCG15 were significantly associated with improved CSM. There was a consistent association between countries with a BCG vaccination for the preceding 15 years, but not other vaccination programs, and CSM.
Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii extracts exert anti-tumour effects on non-small cell lung cancer and multiple myeloma by inhibiting STAT3 signalli
Authors: Fu Yufei , Zhu Fanfan , Ma Zhongjun , Lv Bin , Wang Xi , Dai Chunyan , Ma Xiaoqiong , Liu Pei , Lv Hang , Chen Xin , Shen Li , Chen Zhe
Published: June 2020

Background: Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii is an herb that possesses various ethnopharmacological applications. Herein, our current study focuses on the anti-tumour effect of the combination of various physalins, which are regarded as the most representative secondary metabolites from calyces of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii.Methods: We mainly investigated the anti-tumour activity of the physalins extracted from Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii on both solid and haematologic cancers. The main cells used in this study were NCI-H1975 and U266 cells. The major assays used were the CCK8 assay, western blot analyses, an immunofluorescence assay, the Annexin V assay, and xenograft mouse model.Results: The results showed that physalins exhibited strong anti-tumoural effect on both non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and multiple myeloma (MM) cells by suppressing the constitutive STAT3 activity and further inhibiting the downstream target genes expression of STAT3 signalling, resulting in the enhanced apoptosis of tumour cells. Moreover, physalins significantly reduced tumour growth in xenograft models of lung cancer.Conclusions: Collectively, these findings demonstrated that the physalins from Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii may potentially act as chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agents for NSCLC and MM by inhibiting the STAT3 signalling pathway. It is promising that the present study served as a guide to further explore the precise mechanism of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii in cancer treatment.
Detecting nematic order in STM/STS data with artificial intelligence
Authors: Goetz Jeremy B. , Zhang Yi , Lawler Michael
Published: June 2020

Detecting the subtle yet phase defining features in Scanning
Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy data remains an important
challenge in quantum materials. We meet the challenge of detecting
nematic order from the local density of states data with supervised
machine learning and artificial neural networks for the difficult
scenario without sharp features such as visible lattice Bragg peaks or
Friedel oscillation signatures in the Fourier transform spectrum. We
train the artificial neural networks to classify simulated data of
symmetric and nematic two-dimensional metals in the presence of
disorder. The supervised machine learning succeeds only with at least
one hidden layer in the ANN architecture, demonstrating it is a higher
level of complexity than a nematic order detected from Bragg peaks,
which requires just two neurons. We apply the finalized ANN to
experimental STM data on CaFe_22As_22,
and it predicts nematic symmetry breaking with dominating confidence, in
agreement with previous analysis. Our results suggest ANNs could be a
useful tool for the detection of nematic order in STM data and a variety
of other forms of symmetry breaking.
YARGILAMAYI HIZLANDIRAN BİR MODEL OLARAK ALMAN CEZA MUHAKEMESİ HUKUKUNDA HÜKÜM ANLAŞMASI (§257c StPO)
Authors: EKİCİ ŞAHİN Meral
Published: June 2020

Alman ceza muhakemesi hukukunda 1970’li yıllardan bu yana, yargılamanın hızlandırılması ve mahkemelerin iş yükünün azaltılması yönünde genel bir eğilim bulunmaktadır. Bunun sonucunda, yeni ceza muhakemesi hukuku kurumları ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu kurumlardan biri de uygulamada uzun süredir mahkemelerin rutuni haline gelmiş olan, ancak 2009 yılında Alman Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu §257c’de yapılan düzenlemeyle yasal zemine kavuşan hüküm anlaşmasıdır. Türk ceza muhakemesi hukukunda da yargılamayı hızlandırmak amacıyla, Ceza Muhakemesi Kanununda “seri muhakeme usulü” (TCMK m.250) ve “basit yargılama usulü” (TCMK m.251) gibi yeni kurumlar düzenlenerek, Ceza Muhakemesi Kanununa eklenmiştir. TCMK m.250’yi yeniden düzenleyerek “seri muhakeme usulü” getiren 7188 sayılı Kanun’un 23. maddesinin gerekçesinde: “maslahata uygunluk” ilkesinden daha geniş bir biçimde istifade edilmeye başlanan Alman hukukunda, günümüzde Alman Ceza Usul Kanununun 257c maddesinde yer alan şekliyle “mahkeme ve muhakeme süjeleri arasında anlaşma” adı altında, sanığın suçunu kabul etmesi durumunda uygulanan bir muhakeme usulü bulunmaktadır”, şeklinde bir açıklamaya yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca seri muhakeme usulünün düzenlenmesinde Almanya’nın modellendiğinden de söz edilmiştir. Bu nedenle hüküm anlaşması kurumu dikkatimizi çekmiştir. Bu çalışmada, ceza muhakemesini hızlandırma çabalarına katkı sağlamak amacıyla, AlCMK §257c’de düzenlenmiş olan “hüküm anlaşması” kurumu incelenmiştir.
Identification and characterization of porcine parvovirus in Hunan province, China
Authors: ZHAO DUN , YAN MEIJUN , YU XINGLONG
Published: June 2020

Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is considered one of the most important infectious agents of reproductive failure in sows. Little information, however, is available on its prevalence in healthy fattening pigs. Therefore, in the present study, 197 fecal swabs, 197 nasal swabs, 389 serum samples, and 310 lung samples were collected from pigs aged 10-25 weeks across Hunan, China, and tested for the presence of PPV. PPV DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, demonstrating an overall positivity rate of 7.69%, with a particularly high infection rate of 22.90% in the lungs. A total of five PPV strains (PPV-HuN1-5) were isolated on the basis of cytopathic effects in swine testicular cells, and the near-complete genomes were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis with reference to reported PPV sequences in GenBank. The five Hunan isolates showed a close relationship with each other and predominantly with reported European PPV strains. Moreover, seven amino acid substitutions were detected within the coding region of the VP2 of PPV-HuNs when compared with that of the Chinese vaccine strain PPV-NJ. The relatively high prevalence of PPV discovered in healthy fattening pigs despite a long-term vaccination program in China, highlights the need for improved prevention, monitoring, and control of related diseases in herds.
Capsular types, LPS genotypes, and virulence-associated genes of Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from pigs
Authors: LI RUN CHENG , FANG CHAO , LUO WEI , GE MENG , YU LI HU , ZHAO DUN , QING REN KE , YU XING LONG
Published: June 2020

Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida), an opportunistic zoonotic pathogen associated with high morbidity and mortality in livestock, shows significant temporal and geographical variation in its serotype distributions and phenotypic characteristics. The aim of this study was To investigate capsular types, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) genotypes, and virulence-associated genes of P. multocida strains isolated from pigs. A total of 801 samples (lungs, tonsils, nasal swabs) were collected from slaughterhouses and various regions of the Hunan province. P. multocida strains were isolated from various samples, classified, and virulence-associated genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 124 P. multocida strains were assigned to six groups based on both capsular type and LPS genotype, namely A: L3 (capsular type A and LPS genotype 3, 64/124); A: L6 (16/124); D: L6 (38/124); F: L3 (4/124); L3 (1/124) and 1 untypable strain. Of the 23 virulence-associated genes investigated in this study, 14 were highly expressed in 98% to 100% of the 124 strains. While tbpA was undetectable in any of the isolated strains, hsf-1, pfhA, tadD, toxA, pmHAS, hgbA, hgbB, and nanB showed differential distribution among the strain groups. Interestingly, pfhA (Mutation or inactivation of pfhA was reported to decrease the virulence of P. multocida) was found in 46% of group A: L3 strains and in 100% of group F: L3 strains, but not found in other groups. Further investigation is needed to determine whether strains in group A: L3show greater virulence than the A: L6 P. multocida strains.
Phylogenetic analysis of deformed wing virus, black queen cell virus and acute bee paralysis viruses in Turkish honeybee colonies
Authors: CAGIRGAN ABDURRAHMAN ANIL , YILDIRIM YAKUP , USTA AYSEGUL
Published: June 2020

Viruses are chiefly responsible for colony losses globally, and deformed wing virus (DWV), black queen cell virus (BQCV), and acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV) are the most common viral infections in honeybee colonies. As Turkey ranks third in the world in terms of bee colonies, honeybees are of great ecological and economic importance. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct a phylogenetic analysis of DWV, BQCV, and ABPV, all of which were detected in the southern city of Burdur, which is located along the route that migratory bees take and is a dwelling place for them. Phylogenetic trees were constructed for DWV, BQCV, and ABPV partial nucleotide sequences of the RNA helicase region, the structural polypeptide coding region, and the capsid protein region, respectively. Burdur DWV1 and DWV14 isolates were highly conserved, with 99-100% similarity, and they also shared 93-100% similarity with isolates from Europe and Korea. The two Burdur DWVs had 98% similarity. The DWV1 genome was more similar to the other Turkish isolates than the DWV14. Burdur BQCV2 and BQCV19 isolates, which were highly conserved with 97-99% similarity, formed the same cluster with other Turkish isolates but excluding the Turkey Koycegiz isolate. Burdur ABPV isolates were highly conserved with 99% similarity. Although they showed 94-97% similarity with other European isolates, they were in the same cluster as Turkish isolates. Thus, it was found that although the DWV, BQCV, and ABPV isolates obtained as a result of the present study were highly conserved, they showed differences in relation to the DWV, BWCV, and ABPV isolates that were isolated from different geographical regions.
The effect of flushing on lead concentrations in drinking water
Authors: Budgen Jack , Flack Anna
Published: June 2020

Current Environmental Health Standing Committee (enHealth) advice recommends flushing kitchen taps for 30 seconds each morning, because lead can leach into water that has been in contact with brass plumbing fittings for an extended period. A study of 108 Sydney households identified that a five to ten second flush was sufficient to reduce lead concentrations below the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG) in all kitchen tap water samples. This supports a change to enHealth recommendations, as a five to ten second flush not only meets public health requirements but is also more realistic for customers to achieve and increases water savings.
An Overview of the Loading Efficacy of Cationic Lipids with Milk Proteins: A Potential Application for Lipid Delivery
Authors: Chanphai Penprapa , Bourassa Philippe , Tajmir-Riahi Heidar Ali
Published: June 2020

In this review, the loading efficacies of helper and Cationic Lipids Cholesterol
(CHOL), 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP), Dioctadecyl Dimethyl-
Ammonium Bromide (DDAB) and Dioleoyl Phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) with milk β-
lactoglobulin, α-casein and β-casein were compared in aqueous solution at physiological conditions.
Structural analysis showed that lipids bind milk proteins via hydrophilic, hydrophobic
and H-bonding contacts with DOTAP and DDAB forming more stable protein conjugates.
Loading efficacy was 30-50% and enhanced with cationic lipids. Lipid conjugation altered
protein conformation, causing a partial protein structural destabilization. Milk proteins are
capable of transporting lipids in vitro.
Gut Barrier Proteins Mediate Liver Regulation by the Effects of Serotonin on the Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Zhang Ke , Li Xue , Wang Xian , Zheng Hongyu , Tang Shusheng , Lu Lin , Ma Xi
Published: June 2020

:

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) has been recognized as a potent pro-inflammatory
mediator. Increasing the bioavailability and preventing the formation of 5-HT can reduce the inflammatory
response in the body. Moreover, 5-HT is considered as an important central physiologic mediator
of intestinal function by regulating intestinal motility, permeability, and other functions. The dysfunction
of intestinal serotonergic system causes intestinal barrier damage and further leads to the increase
of bacterial endotoxin (LPS) translocation into the liver, which contributes to the development
of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In addition, increasing the expression of serotonin reuptake
transporter (SERT) and decreasing the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase1 (TPH1) can relieve
the symptoms of NAFLD. Tryptophan (TRP), as a precursor of 5-HT synthesis, plays an important role
in gut homeostasis and energy metabolism. Previous studies have found that TRP supplementation
aggravates fatty liver degeneration by producing 5-HT, which activates mTOR signaling pathway in
mice fed a high fat and high fructose diet. However, recent researches reveal that TRP supplementation
stabilizes the intestinal barrier damage by increasing the expression of occludin and reduces the accumulation
of fatty acids in liver. Although the effects of TRP supplementation on NAFLD are not clear
and the specific mechanism needs to be further explored. A better understanding of the mechanisms of
5-HT on the liver and gut may open new therapeutic strategies in NAFLD.
Direct Gas-Phase Oxidation of Propylene to Acetone in the Presence of H2 and O2 over Au/TS-1 Catalyst
Authors: Fu Jinsong , Zhang Xiaoming , Liang Wuyang , Lei Qian , Sun Bing , He Wujun , Deng Guowei
Published: June 2020

A novel process for the preparation of acetone is reported by gas-phase oxidation of propylene in the
presence of H2 and O2 with Au supported TS-1 catalyst (Au/TS-1). By elevating the reaction temperature to
280 oC, Au/TS-1 catalyzes 11.6% propylene generating acetone with 70.6% selectivity, and 8.2% acetone in onepass
yield. Acetone is originated from propylene oxide isomerization, which is mainly attributed to the surface of
the Lewis base and high reaction temperature. Furthermore, small Au nanoparticle size promotes the reaction.
Potential Novel Benefits of Sodium Restriction in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Valtuille Rodolfo
Published: June 2020

:

Chronic kidney disease is a global public health issue, and it has been considered as the epidemic of the 21st century. Therefore, all initiatives addressed to slow down the evolution and complications of this condition should be well received. While the effects of salt reduction on cardiovascular disease have some controversial issues, in chronic kidney disease, such a policy is beneficial in multiple aspects. In chronic kidney disease patients, dietary sodium restriction is regularly recommended to control extracellular fluid expansion, hypertension and cardiovascular risk. Instead, the effects of sodium reduction on chronic kidney disease progression are still controversial. In the last years, potentially beneficial effects of a low sodium diet on chronic kidney disease evolution have emerged. Firstly, recent magnetic resonance-based findings of increased Na depots in skin and muscle associated with renal function, ageing and sodium intake open a vast body of investigation as a potential tool for monitoring effects of sodium restriction. In this narrative review, we also discussed novel aspects of sodium restriction in chronic kidney disease to manage metabolic acidosis as well as renal effects on fibroblast growth factor 23 or gut microbiota. Beyond current evidence, these approaches showed that common findings of kidney failure environment such as sodium -sensitivity, micro-inflammation, arterial stiffness metabolic acidosis and sarcopenia could be delayed controlling dietary sodium. Additional studies are now needed in populations with chronic kidney disease to confirm these new findings, addressed to slow down the evolution and complications of this condition.
Determination of Shanzhiside Methylester in Rat Plasma by Uplc-Ms/Ms and its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Weng Qinghua , Chen Yichuan , Zhong Zuoquan , Wang Qianqian , Chen Lianguo , Wang Xianqin
Published: June 2020

Introduction:

In this study, we used UPLC-MS/MS to detect shanzhiside methylester in
rat plasma, and investigated its pharmacokinetics in rats.

Materials and Methods:

Diazepam was utilized as an internal standard (IS), and acetonitrile precipitation
method was used to process the plasma samples. Chromatographic separation was
achieved using a UPLC BEH C18 column using mobile phase of methanol-0.1 % formic acid with
gradient elution. Electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction
monitoring (MRM) mode with positive ionization was applied.

Results:

The results indicated that within the range of 5-4000 ng/mL, linearity of shanzhiside
methylester in rat plasma was acceptable (r>0.995), and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ)
was 5 ng/mL. Intra-day and inter-day precision RSD of shanzhiside methylester in rat plasma were
lower than 14%. Accuracy range was between 87.3 % and 109.1 %, and matrix effect was between
99.2% and 106.3%.

Conclusion:

The method was successfully applied in the pharmacokinetics of shanzhiside methylester
in rats after intravenous administration.
Occurrence of blaTEM and blaROB in Haemophilus species Causing Respiratory Tract Infections
Authors: Khurana Prerna , Shenoy Suchitra
Published: June 2020

Background:

Emergence of resistance to some antibiotics in Haemophilus influenzae, a
respiratory pathogen is a cause of concern. The aim is to study the antibiotic susceptibility pattern
of Haemophilus isolates from respiratory infections with reference to beta-lactam resistance.

Methods:

This is a laboratory based prospective study done in the department of microbiology in
a tertiary care center after institutional ethics committee clearance. Haemophilus influenzae isolates
from respiratory tract specimens over a period of one year were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility
tests. Beta-lactamase production was detected by nitrocefin disc. hpd gene, blaTEM and
blaROB genes were detected by PCR. The data was analysed using SPSS 11.5 version.

Results:

Of the 162 isolates, 89.5% were from sputum specimens. Ampicillin resistance was seen
in 5 (3.09%) isolates. The ampicillin resistant strains were positive for beta-lactamase enzyme and
blaTEM gene. BLNAR and isolates with blaROB gene were not found.

Conclusion:

In case of Haemophilus influenzae respiratory tract infection empirical treatment
with amoxicillin clavulanate or third generation cephalosporin may be the drugs of choice in our
geographic area.
Морфология и оптические свойства композитного материала на основе наночастиц золота и нестехиометрического оксида кремния
Authors: Замчий А.О. , Старинский С.В. , Баранов Е.А.
Published: June 2020

In this work, the morphology, structural and optical properties of a composite material based on gold nanoparticles and a thin film of amorphous non-stoichiometric silicon oxide (a-SiOx, x = 1.8) were studied for the first time. Based on the results obtained, it was experimentally shown that the a-SiO1.8 layer conformally covered the spherical nanoparticles. An analytical model based on the Mie theory well described the optical properties of the gold nanoparticles and the composite material in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum obtained from the experiment, as well as the change in the amplitude of the plasmon peak that occurs during the formation of the composite material.
Пластическая деформация меди в результате воздействия мощного ультрафиолетового наносекундного лазерного импульса
Authors: Малинский Т.В. , Миколуцкий С.И. , Рогалин В.Е. , Хомич Ю.В. , Ямщиков В.А. , Каплунов И.А. , Иванова А.И.
Published: June 2020

The modification of the polished surface of oxygen-free copper after exposure to a rigidly focused single pulse of a UV Nd:YaG laser was investigated. It was revealed that at pre-threshold energy densities (E ~ 0.6 J / cm2), in the absence of noticeable traces of ablation, an irreversible elevation of the metal surface in the irradiation zone arised. With an increase in the energy density ablation processes noticeably level out this effect.
Improving Adherence to Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy Among Disadvantaged Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer in South Carolina: Proposal for a Multimethod Study
Authors: Felder Tisha M , Heiney Sue P , Hebert James R , Friedman Daniela B , Elk Ronit , Franco Regina , Gansauer Lucy , Christensen Barbara , Ford Marvella E
Published: June 2020

Background

Current clinical guidelines recommend that hormone receptor–positive breast cancer survivors take adjuvant hormonal therapy (AHT) for 5 to 10 years, following the end of definitive treatment. However, fewer than half of patients adhere to the guidelines, and suboptimal adherence to AHT is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer mortality. Research has extensively documented sociodemographic and disease-specific factors associated with adherence to AHT, but very little evidence exists on behavioral factors (eg, knowledge, patient-provider communication) that can be modified and targeted by interventions.

Objective

The goal of this study is to develop and test a theory-based, multilevel intervention to improve adherence to AHT among breast cancer survivors from racially and socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds (eg, Medicaid-insured). The specific aims are to (1) explore multilevel (eg, patient, health care system) factors that influence adherence to AHT; (2) develop a theory-based, multilevel intervention to improve adherence to AHT; and (3) pilot test and evaluate the intervention developed in Aim 2.

Methods

For Aim 1, we will recruit breast cancer survivors and health care professionals to participate in semistructured interviews to gain their perspectives about barriers and facilitators to AHT use. We will conduct a directed content analysis of the Aim 1 qualitative interview data. For Aim 2, we will integrate Aim 1 findings and current literature into the design of a multilevel intervention using an Intervention Mapping approach. For Aim 3, we will recruit Medicaid-insured breast cancer survivors to assess the feasibility of the pilot intervention.

Results

From May 2016 to July 2018, we completed interviews with 19 breast cancer survivors and 23 health care professionals in South Carolina. We will conduct a directed content analysis of the qualitative interview data. Results from this analysis will be used, in combination with current literature, to design (Aim 2) and pilot test a theory-based multilevel intervention (Aim 3) in Summer 2021. Results of the pilot are expected for Fall 2021.

Conclusions

This study will provide a deeper understanding of how to improve adherence to AHT, using a novel and multilevel approach, among socioeconomically disadvantaged breast cancer survivors who often experience disproportionate breast cancer mortality.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/17742
DRUGS IN PREGNANCY
Authors: AL-ANI OMAR ABDULWAHID
Published: June 2020

Objective: During pregnancy, various drugs associated with a contraindication, hence their application is limited and dangerous to mothers along with the fetus. Even though during pregnancy, medication is less preferred but in some instances cannot escape treating the ailments in mother. So here we discussed the medication that can be used safely during pregnancy along with the drugs which are unsafe or highly contraindicated for both mother and the fetus; the problems or complications may be attributed to possible drug interactions during the pregnancy.

Methods: The study was conducted from October 2018 until February 2019 in Baghdad, Iraq. It is conducted in four hospitals: Baghdad teaching hospital, Iraqi Red Crescent Society, Saint Raphael (Al Rahibat) Hospital, and Al-Elwiya Educational Hospital. The medical staff in these hospitals assessed for their knowledge about drug effects, complications, and safety during pregnancy. Those medical staff assayed was divided into three groups: Physicians, pharmacists, and other medical staff (47 pharmacists, 38 physicians, and 15 nurses who participated in this study).

Results: We found that the majority of doctors and pharmacists useful information on pregnancy categories which is a good indicator of the knowledge of these specialists as the subject of drugs and their impact on pregnant women and the fetus is sensitive and vital because it affects all segments of society.

Conclusion: It is the responsibility of all clinicians, including pharmacists, to counsel patients with complete, accurate, and current information on the risks and benefits of using medications during pregnancy.
STUDY OF MEDICATION ERRORS BY PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL APPROACH IN WARANGAL HOSPITALS
Authors: RAVULA SHIVANI , JANGA AKHILA , POONURU RAJASEKHAR
Published: June 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of medication errors occurring in a multispecialty hospital in Warangal.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in Rohini Superspeciality Hospital, Hanamkonda, Warangal, from October 2018 to March 2019, to study the prevalence of medication errors.

Results: In this study, 500 patients were selected, of which 160 were identified with medication errors. Two hundred and seventy-one medication errors were identified among these patients, of which 100 (60.63%) patients were male and 24.37% of patients were female.

Conclusion: This present study manifests that medication errors were predominate in males than in females and also the common age group was 50–60 years.
EXAMINATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS – USING SEED EXTRACT OF MADHUCA LONGIFOLIA
Authors: D MANIKANDAN , S PARVEEN , PA PERIASAMY
Published: June 2020

Objective: Our main scope and objective are to prepare seed extract of Madhuca longifolia, to characterize them using phytochemical activity studies, and to study the presence of so many bioactive substances established phytochemical activity and anti-foot ulcer treatment.

Methods: Weighed 75 g of plant sample (without preliminary drying) accurately (precisely weighed to within 0.10 g) in a tarred evaporating dish. Care was taken so that no substantial amount of moisture is lost during preparation and that was representative of the official sample and the sample has been made to screening to following studies such as physicochemical constants, determination of moisture content, evaluation of pH of aqueous solution, evaluation of total ash, evaluation of acid-insoluble ash, evaluation of extractive values, evaluation of water-soluble extractive, evaluation of alcohol-soluble extractive, and preliminary phytochemical screening phytochemical profile of M. longifolia seed.

Results: The presence of so many bioactive substances established phytochemical activity and anti-foot ulcer treatment using M. longifolia seed which supports the traditional tribal medicinal consumption of the plant.

Conclusion: The quality of the plant can be estimated by determining the physical parameters. These investigations are of great importance for carrying out the revalidation and it was accomplished from the phytochemical study that the solvent extract contains flavonoid, carbohydrate, saponin, tannin, glycoside, protein, alkaloid, and amino acid which are responsible for various pharmacological actions and promotes that biological study is required to explore their potential therapeutic activities.
ADHERENCE AND ASSOCIATED ADVERSE DRUG REACTION WITH ANTIDEPRESSANTS MEDICATION AMONG DEPRESSION PATIENTS IN PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL IN POKHARA, NEPAL
Authors: MARASINE NIRMAL RAJ , SANKHI SABINA , LAMICHHANE RAJENDRA , MARASINI NABIN RAJ , BAHADUR DANGI NIM
Published: June 2020

Background: The present study determined the prescription pattern of antidepressants, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), the level of adherence, and factors affecting it.

Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted with depression patients (n=174; 55.74% female) from August 2019 to November 2019 at a psychiatric hospital of Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal. The Naranjo ADR Probability Scale was employed to assess the ADRs. The rate of medication adherence (MA) was determined using Morisky MA Measurement Scale-Eight. Descriptive statistics (median, interquartile range, frequency, and percentage), bivariate analysis, and Chi-square test were used; p<0.05 was taken as significant in multivariate analysis.

Results: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were found to be the most commonly prescribed antidepressants (58.04%) followed by serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs; 13.79%). More than half of the patients had a low level of adherence (52.29%) and about 74.13% experienced ADR. The most common ADRs were insomnia (17.05%) and anxiety (17.05%). Female were found to be more non-adherent compared to male (odds ratio 1.011; 95% confidence interval; 0.507–1.832). The level of adherence was found to be associated with the probability and severity of ADR.

Conclusion: The majority of patients used SSRIs. ADRs were more prevalent. However, adherence to medications was extremely poor in the hospital, which was attributed to factors such as gender, occupation, education, and ADRs.
THE DENGUE VACCINES: ASSESSMENT OF FUTURE PROSPECTS, TREATMENT, AND VACCINE CHALLENGES
Authors: KALYANI GADE , N THANUSHREE
Published: June 2020

Objectives: As per the national survey data, the prevalence of dengue has been still rising consistently, and the burden of the disease is predominantly affecting the adults with progression toward the DF, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome. The higher hospitalization rate result in massive mortality.

Methods: Vector control alone cannot reduce the transmission of viral infection, so effective vaccine development is made high priority.

Results: Several vaccine candidates including live attenuated, live chimeric, inactivated and many other vector vaccines are key elements needed to achieve the dengue public health targets. Global strategies like diagnosis, care management, outbreak preparedness and integrated surveillance, sustainable vector control, and future vaccine implementation are needed to be addressed.

Conclusion: This review mainly describes the dengue treatment challenges, in addition to a brief discussion of dengue vaccine challenges and future outlook on dengue that might help in making efficacious vaccine in near future.
PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL CONSEQUENCES OF POLYPHARMACY ON MEDICATION PROFILE AMONG THE ELDERLY IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: MN LAKSHMI PRASANNA , UNNISA AZIZ
Published: June 2020

Objective: A sharp increase in chronic diseases for elderly patients has been observed in recent years resulting in polypharmacy, which may lead to drug-drug interactions (DDI’s), drug-related problems, adverse drug reactions (ADR’s), and many more issues in these patients. The present study was conducted to assess the clinical consequences of polypharmacy and its prevalence in the older adult population.

Methods: Our work is a prospective, observational study carried out in a tertiary care teaching hospital. The polypharmacy prescriptions were identified (taking at least five medications), and drug-drug interactions were detected by Micromedex® DrugReax® System 2.0 version. The medication profiles were also checked for inappropriate prescribing according to Beers Criteria 2015.

Results: In the study, the mean age of patients was found to be 72.4±8.8 years. Most of the patients (81.8%) had more than two and less than five diseases. The mean number of drugs prescribed in all the prescriptions was found to be 7.4±2.6. According to Beers Criteria-2015, 3.83% of the total medications prescribed were inappropriate, 74.1% of moderate DDI’s were observed in patients, and 50.2% of the DDI’s observed theoretically were documented as fair.

Conclusion: The impact of polypharmacy on consequences such as the length of stay, DDI’s, and DRP’s was also found to be significant. This study concludes that the medication profile of older adult patients should be assessed regularly for the rationality of drug therapy to maximize the therapeutic response positively with the lowest number of medications possible.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT AGROFORESTRY UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN EDUWISATA BERBASIS PERTANIAN DAN KOPI ORGANIK DESA TAWANGARGO KECAMATAN KARANGPLOSO KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Ariadi Bambang Yudi , Syarifuddin Amir , Irfan Muhammad
Published: June 2020

Desa Tawangargo merupakan salah satu Desa Perbatasan di wilayah Kabupaten Malang dan Kota Batu,Secara geografis Desa Tawangargo secara tidak langsung pola hidup dan cara pandang masyarakat lebih tertuju pada pola hidup masyarakat kota, namun demikian adat istiadat serta dinamika masyarakat masih sifat kegotong royongan masih sangat tinggi.Sehingga secara umum masyarakat merasa ikut memiliki, memikirkan bagaiman Desanya menjadi berkembang,maju dan madiri menjadi desa swasembada.Melihat manfaat dari lomba Desa dan Kelurahan adalah salah satu kegiatan Pemerintah yang hakekatnya merupakan upaya untuk mendorong usaha Pembangunan masyarakat atas dasar tekat dan kekuatan sendiri. Kegiatan tesebut sekaligus untuk meneliti dan menilai keberhasilan usaha-usaha masyarakat dalam membangun Desa dan Kelurahan, yang terwujut dalam peningkatan kualitas dibidang kehidupan ekonomi, sosial, politik dan kebudayaan masyarakat serta terpeliharanya lingungan Desa yang sejahtera.