bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increasing the uptake of multispecies models in fisheries management
Authors: Karp Melissa A , Link Jason S , Grezlik Max , Cadrin Steve , Fay Gavin , Lynch Patrick , Townsend Howard , Methot Richard D , Adams Grant D , Blackhart Kristan , Barceló Caren , Buchheister Andre , Cieri Matthew , Chagaris David , Christensen Villy , Craig J Kevin , Cummings Jonathan , Damiano Matthew D , Dickey-Collas Mark , Elvarsson Bjarki Þór , Gaichas Sarah , Haltuch Melissa A , Haugen Janne B , Howell Daniel , Kaplan Isaac C , Klajbor Willem , Large Scott I , Masi Michelle , McNamee Jason , Muffley Brandon , Murray Sarah , Plagányi Éva , Reid David , Rindorf Anna , Sagarese Skyler R , Schueller Amy M , Thorpe Robert , Thorson James T , Tomczak Maciej T , Trijoulet Vanessa , Voss Rudi
Published: January 2023

Multispecies models have existed in a fisheries context since at least the 1970s, but despite much exploration, advancement, and consideration of multispecies models, there remain limited examples of their operational use in fishery management. Given that species and fleet interactions are inherently multispecies problems and the push towards ecosystem-based fisheries management, the lack of more regular operational use is both surprising and compelling. We identify impediments hampering the regular operational use of multispecies models and provide recommendations to address those impediments. These recommendations are: (1) engage stakeholders and managers early and often; (2) improve messaging and communication about the various uses of multispecies models; (3) move forward with multispecies management under current authorities while exploring more inclusive governance structures and flexible decision-making frameworks for handling tradeoffs; (4) evaluate when a multispecies modelling approach may be more appropriate; (5) tailor the multispecies model to a clearly defined purpose; (6) develop interdisciplinary solutions to promoting multispecies model applications; (7) make guidelines available for multispecies model review and application; and (8) ensure code and models are well documented and reproducible. These recommendations draw from a global assemblage of subject matter experts who participated in a workshop entitled “Multispecies Modeling Applications in Fisheries Management”.
Periodical Evidence for the Original Publication of Richardson’s New Dictionary of the English Language
Authors: Considine John
Published: January 2023

Charles Richardson’s New Dictionary of the English Language is a work of great importance for the history of lexicography, but the dates of its first serial publication from 1818 onwards among the 59 instalments of the Encyclopaedia Metropolitana appear never to have been ascertained. They are worked out here, together with the alphabetical ranges of many instalments, from announcements in contemporary periodicals such as the Athenaeum, the Morning Chronicle, and The Times, and are followed by extracts from the first reviews of the dictionary in the same periodicals.
Integration of Cutaneous Functional Units Principles in Burn Rehabilitation: A Diffusion of Innovations Assessment
Authors: Yelvington Miranda L , Parry Ingrid
Published: January 2023

Early recognition of contractures can lead to a more targeted therapy regimen, potentially preventing range of motion losses and improving function and quality of life. Cutaneous functional units (CFUs) allow therapists to explain motion limitations and formulate patient-specific treatment plans. Evidence-based research demonstrates the potential of using these principles to improve the current standard of care. Still, the consistent use of these principles has been slow to diffuse through burn care. Occupational and physical therapists were surveyed to determine the degree to which CFU principles are being integrated into clinical practice. Respondents (297) were occupational therapists (52%) and physical therapists (49%) working in burn units (81%) in North America (70.7%). Most respondents (78.4%) report familiarity with CFU principles. Of those familiar, most respondents reported their knowledge (66.7%) and ability to apply (65.7%) at an intermediate level or greater. A slight majority (59.3%) responded that the concepts influenced their practice, while 40.7% said the concepts did not influence their practice. Forty percent to sixty-nine percent of respondents correctly answered knowledge questions, but only 15% of respondents correctly completed CFUs identification questions. Respondents (77%) report barriers, including difficulty incorporating into practice, time constraints, and the need for more education. Results suggest that diffusion can be improved by developing tools to assist therapists in understanding and incorporating CFUs’ principles.
Aedes aegyptiandAedes albopictus(Diptera: Culicidae) Oviposition Activity and the Associated Socio-environmental Factors in the New Orleans Area
Authors: Thongsripong Panpim , Carter Brendan H , Ward Matthew J , Jameson Samuel B , Michaels Sarah R , Yukich Joshua O , Wesson Dawn M
Published: January 2023

The transmission of Aedes-borne viruses is on the rise globally. Their mosquito vectors, Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, Diptera: Culicidae) and Ae. albopictus (Skuse, Diptera: Culicidae), are focally abundant in the Southern United States. Mosquito surveillance is an important component of a mosquito control program. However, there is a lack of long-term surveillance data and an incomplete understanding of the factors influencing vector populations in the Southern United States. Our surveillance program monitored Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus oviposition intensity in the New Orleans area using ovicups in a total of 75 sites from 2009 to 2016. We found both Aedes spp. throughout the study period and sites. The average number of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus hatched from collected eggs per site per week was 34.1 (SD = 57.7) and 29.0 (SD = 46.5), respectively. Based on current literature, we formed multiple hypotheses on how environmental variables influence Aedes oviposition intensity, and constructed Generalized Linear Mixed Effect models with a negative binomial distribution and an autocorrelation structure to test these hypotheses. We found significant associations between housing unit density and Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus oviposition intensity, and between median household income and Ae. albopictus oviposition intensity. Temperature, relative humidity, and accumulated rainfall had either a lagged or an immediate significant association with oviposition. This study provides the first long-term record of Aedes spp. distribution in the New Orleans area, and sheds light on factors associated with their oviposition activity. This information is vital for the control of potential Aedes-borne virus transmission in this area.
A randomized comparison of group mindfulness and group cognitive behavioral therapy vs control for couples after prostate cancer with sexual dysfunction
Authors: Kemerer Bibiana M , Zdaniuk Bozena , Higano Celestia S , Bossio Jennifer A , Camara Bicalho Santos Raysa , Flannigan Ryan , Brotto Lori A
Published: January 2023

Background

Sexual dysfunction is the most common and most distressing consequence of prostate cancer (PCa) treatment and has been shown to directly affect the sexual function and quality of life of survivors’ partners. There are currently no established therapies to treat the emotional and psychological burden that sexual issues impose on the couple after PCa.

Aim

Our study examined the impact of 2 therapies—cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and mindfulness therapy—on sexual, relational, and psychological outcomes of PCa survivor and partner couples.

Methods

PCa survivors (n = 68) who self-reported current sexual problems after PCa treatments and their partners were randomized to 4 consecutive weeks of couples’ mindfulness therapy, couples’ CBT, or no treatment (control).

Outcomes

Couples’ sexual distress, survivors’ sexual satisfaction, and couples’ relationship satisfaction, quality of life, psychological symptoms (anxiety and depression), and trait mindfulness were measured at baseline, 6 weeks after treatment, and 6 months after treatment.

Results

Sexual distress and sexual satisfaction were significantly improved 6 weeks after the CBT and mindfulness interventions as compared with the control group, but only sexual distress remained significantly improved at 6 months. Relationship satisfaction decreased and more so for partners than survivors. There were increases in domains of quality of life for survivors vs their partners 6 months after treatments and an overall increase in general quality of life for couples 6 weeks after mindfulness. There were no significant changes in psychological symptoms and trait mindfulness. Qualitative analysis showed that the mindfulness intervention led to greater personal impact on couple intimacy after the study had ended.

Clinical Implications

CBT and mindfulness can be effective treatments for helping couples adapt to and cope with changes to their sexual function after PCa treatments and could help improve the most common concern for PCa survivors—that is, couples’ sexual intimacy—after cancer, if added to routine clinical care.

Strengths and Limitations

We used established standardized treatment manuals and highly sensitive statistical methodology and accounted for covariable factors and moderators of primary outcomes. Due to difficulty in recruitment, we had a smaller control group than treatment, reducing our power to detect between-group differences. Our sample was mostly White, heterosexual, and affluent, thereby limiting the generalizability.

Conclusion

This is the first randomized clinical trial to test and demonstrate benefits among PCa survivors and partners’ sexual outcomes after CBT and mindfulness as compared with a nontreatment control group.
Relationship between arthritis of the second and third tarsometatarsal joints and incongruity of the first tarsometatarsal joint in patients with hallux valgus
Authors: Hosokawa Toshihiro , Ikoma Kazuya , Maki Masahiro , Kido Masamitsu , Hara Yusuke , Sotozono Yasutaka , Takahashi Kenji
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Hallux valgus is associated with tarsometatarsal arthritis; its pathophysiology remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the relationship between arthritis of the second and third tarsometatarsal joints and incongruity of the first tarsometatarsal joint in the sagittal plane.

Methods

Forty-three patients (64 feet) with hallux valgus who underwent surgery at University Hospital Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine were included and divided into two groups: control (without second and third tarsometatarsal joint degeneration) and osteoarthritis (with second and third tarsometatarsal joint degeneration). Intergroup comparisons of the incongruity of the first tarsometatarsal joint in the sagittal plane, age, body mass index, hallux valgus angle, first–second intermetatarsal angle, metatarsus adductus angle, Meary’s angle, and calcaneal pitch angle were performed.

Results

The proportion of patients with incongruity of the first tarsometatarsal joint was significantly higher in the osteoarthritis group than in the control group. Logistic regression analysis identified incongruity of the first tarsometatarsal joint and metatarsus adductus angle as significant related factors for arthritis of the second and third tarsometatarsal joints.

Conclusions

Incongruity of the first tarsometatarsal joint in the sagittal plane was involved in the development of arthritis of the second and third tarsometatarsal joints in patients with hallux valgus.
The effect of smoking on response to methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nayebirad Sepehr , Javinani Ali , Javadi Minoo , Yousefi-Koma Hannaneh , Farahmand Kimia , Atef Yekta Reza , Tamartash Zahra , Mohammadzadegan Amir Mohammad , Salehi Samira , Kavosi Hoda
Published: January 2023

Objectives

In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of smoking on inadequate response to methotrexate (MTX-IR) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science until 6 June 2022. Observational or interventional studies investigating MTX-IR in RA patients based on smoking status were included. Two independent reviewers assessed the risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence using the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies–of Interventions and Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tools, respectively.

Results

We included 23 studies in the systematic review and 13 in the meta-analysis. Of the 13 included studies, 6 had a moderate risk, 3 had a serious risk, and 4 had a critical risk of bias. The overall random-effect meta-analysis suggested that smokers were 58% more likely to be MTX-IR when compared with nonsmokers [odds ratio (OR) 1.58, 95% confidence interval 1.21–2.06; P = .001; I2 = 69.3%]. The common-effect meta-analysis of the adjusted ORs demonstrated an overall OR of 2.69 (1.88–3.83; P < .001; I2 = 27.1%).

Conclusions

The current study showed that smoking is a significant predictor of MTX-IR, especially in disease-modifying antirheumatic drug–naïve early RA patients, as most of the included studies in the meta-analysis consisted of this population.
Oncogenic ERRB2 signals through the AP-1 transcription factor to control mesenchymal-like properties of oesophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ogden Samuel , Ahmed Ibrahim , Yang Shen-Hsi , Fullwood Paul ,   the OCCAMS consortium, Francavilla Chiara , Sharrocks Andrew D
Published: January 2023

Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is a deadly disease with poor survival statistics and few targeted therapies available. One of the most common molecular aberrations in OAC is amplification or activation of the gene encoding the receptor tyrosine kinase ERBB2, and ERBB2 is targeted in the clinic for this subset of patients. However, the downstream consequences of these ERBB2 activating events are not well understood. Here we used a combination of phosphoproteomics, open chromatin profiling and transcriptome analysis on cell line models and patient-derived datasets to interrogate the molecular pathways operating downstream from ERBB2. Integrated analysis of these data sets converge on a model where dysregulated ERBB2 signalling is mediated at the transcriptional level by the transcription factor AP-1. AP-1 in turn controls cell behaviour by acting on cohorts of genes that regulate cell migration and adhesion, features often associated with EMT. Our study therefore provides a valuable resource for the cancer cell signalling community and reveals novel molecular determinants underlying the dysregulated behaviour of OAC cells.
Therapeutic health effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale): updated narrative review exploring the mechanisms of action
Authors: Crichton Megan , Marshall Skye , Marx Wolfgang , Isenring Elizabeth , Lohning Anna
Published: January 2023

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has been investigated for its potentially therapeutic effect on a range of chronic conditions and symptoms in humans. However, a simplified and easily understandable examination of the mechanisms behind these effects is lacking and, in turn, hinders interpretation and translation to practice, and contributes to overall clinical heterogeneity confounding the results. Therefore, drawing on data from nonhuman trials, the objective for this narrative review was to comprehensively describe the current knowledge on the proposed mechanisms of action of ginger on conferring therapeutic health effects in humans. Mechanistic studies support the findings from human clinical trials that ginger may assist in improving symptoms and biomarkers of pain, metabolic chronic disease, and gastrointestinal conditions. Bioactive ginger compounds reduce inflammation, which contributes to pain; promote vasodilation, which lowers blood pressure; obstruct cholesterol production, which regulates blood lipid profile; translocate glucose transporter type 4 molecules to plasma membranes to assist in glycemic control; stimulate fatty acid breakdown to aid weight management; and inhibit serotonin, muscarinic, and histaminergic receptor activation to reduce nausea and vomiting. Additional human trials are required to confirm the antimicrobial, neuroprotective, antineoplastic, and liver- and kidney-protecting effects of ginger. Interpretation of the mechanisms of action will help clinicians and researchers better understand how and for whom ginger may render therapeutic effects and highlight priority areas for future research.
Essential elements of weight loss apps for a multi-ethnic population with high BMI: a qualitative study with practical recommendations
Authors: Chew Han Shi Jocelyn , Lim Su Lin , Kim Guowei , Kayambu Geetha , So Bok Yan Jimmy , Shabbir Asim , Gao Yujia
Published: January 2023

Smartphone weight loss apps are constantly being developed but the essential elements needed by a multi-ethnic population with overweight and obesity remains unclear. Purpose: To explore the perceptions of an Asian multi-ethnic population with overweight and obesity on the essential elements of weight loss apps. Twenty two participants were purposively sampled from a specialist weight management clinic in Singapore from 13 April to 30 April 2021. Recorded interviews were conducted using face-to-face and videoconferencing modalities. Data saturation was reached at the 18th participant. Data analysis was performed using inductive content analysis with constant comparison between and within transcripts. Findings: Three themes and eight subthemes on the essential app components emerged—(a) comprehensive and flexible calorie counters; (b) holistic, gradual and individualized behavior change recommendations tailored for people with overweight and obesity, and (c) just-in-time reminders of future consequences. There was a need to incorporate flexible options for food logging; break down general recommendations into small steps towards sustainable changes; tailor app contents for people with overweight and obesity; and evoke one’s considerations of future consequences. Future weight loss apps should be designed to meet the needs of those with overweight and obesity, the very population that needs assistance with weight loss. Future apps could consider leveraging the capacity of artificial intelligence to provide personalized weight management in terms of sustaining self-regulation behaviors, optimizing goal-setting and providing personalized and timely recommendations for weight loss.
Deficiency of IKKβ in neurons ameliorates Alzheimer's disease pathology in APP‐ and tau‐transgenic mice
Authors: Schnöder Laura , Quan Wenqiang , Yu Ye , Tomic Inge , Luo Qinghua , Hao Wenlin , Peng Guoping , Li Dong , Fassbender Klaus , Liu Yang
Published: January 2023

In Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, inflammatory activation regulates protein levels of amyloid‐β‐peptide (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (p‐tau), as well as neurodegeneration; however, the regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. We constructed APP‐ and tau‐transgenic AD mice with deletion of IKKβ specifically in neurons, and observed that IKKβ deficiency reduced cerebral Aβ and p‐tau, and modified inflammatory activation in both AD mice. However, neuronal deficiency of IKKβ decreased apoptosis and maintained synaptic proteins (e.g., PSD‐95 and Munc18‐1) in the brain and improved cognitive function only in APP‐transgenic mice, but not in tau‐transgenic mice. Additionally, IKKβ deficiency decreased BACE1 protein and activity in APP‐transgenic mouse brain and cultured SH‐SY5Y cells. IKKβ deficiency increased expression of PP2A catalytic subunit isoform A, an enzyme dephosphorylating cerebral p‐tau, in the brain of tau‐transgenic mice. Interestingly, deficiency of IKKβ in neurons enhanced autophagy as indicated by the increased ratio of LC3B‐II/I in brains of both APP‐ and tau‐transgenic mice. Thus, IKKβ deficiency in neurons ameliorates AD‐associated pathology in APP‐ and tau‐transgenic mice, perhaps by decreasing Aβ production, increasing p‐tau dephosphorylation, and promoting autophagy‐mediated degradation of BACE1 and p‐tau aggregates in the brain. However, IKKβ deficiency differently protects neurons in APP‐ and tau‐transgenic mice. Further studies are needed, particularly in the context of interaction between Aβ and p‐tau, before IKKβ/NF‐κB can be targeted for AD therapies.
Quality indicators for anesthesia and perioperative medicine
Authors: Wacker Johannes
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review

Routine monitoring of care quality is fundamental considering the high reported rates of preventable perioperative morbidity and mortality. However, no set of valid and feasible quality indicators is available as the gold standard for comprehensive routine monitoring of the overall quality of perioperative care. The purpose of this review is to describe underlying difficulties, to summarize current trends and initiatives and to outline the perspectives in support of suitable perioperative quality indicators.

Recent findings

Most perioperative quality indicators used in the clinical setting are based on low or no evidence. Evidence-based perioperative quality indicators validated for research purposes are not always applicable in routine care. Developing a core set of perioperative quality indicators for clinical practice may benefit from matching feasible routine indicators with evidence-based indicators validated for research, from evaluating additional new indicators, and from including patients’ views.

A core set of valid and feasible quality indicators is essential for monitoring perioperative care quality. The development of such a set may benefit from matching evidence-based indicators with feasible standard indicators and from including patients’ views.
Endogenous dehydroepiandrosterone and depression in postmenopausal women: a systematic review of observational studies
Authors: Hemachandra Chandima , Davis Susan R. , Bell Robin J. , Sultana Farhana , Islam Rakibul M.
Published: January 2023

Importance

The associations between endogenous dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS), and depression in older women are uncertain. However, DHEA supplements are widely available over the counter in some countries, and some people may be taking DHEA with the hope of positive mood effects.

Objective

This systematic review aimed to investigate the association between endogenous DHEA/DHEAS blood concentrations and depression/depressive symptoms in community-dwelling postmenopausal women.

Evidence Review

Searches were conducted in Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases for observational studies with at least 100 community-dwelling participants until March 9, 2022. The bibliographies of retrieved articles were manually searched. The studies published in English and meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the review. The risk of bias was assessed with the modified Hoy tool for cross-sectional designs and the Joanna Briggs Institute modified critical appraisal checklist for cohort studies.

Findings

Of the 30 articles retrieved for full-text review, 14 met the criteria for inclusion. Seven studies were cross-sectional, six were longitudinal, and one had both cross-sectional and longitudinal data. Five of eight cross-sectional studies found no association between DHEAS and depression, whereas three studies reported an inverse association. Similarly, most of the studies (n = 4) with longitudinal data reported no association, whereas two studies reported either an inverse association or mixed results for DHEAS and depression severity. No association between DHEA and depression was found irrespective of the study design. Heterogeneity of design was a barrier to meta-analysis and between study comparison. The majority of studies were limited by high risk of bias in at least one assessed domain.

Conclusion and Relevance

This systematic review does not support an association between endogenous DHEA/DHEAS and depression in postmenopausal women.
Impacts of HER2 immunohistochemical scores on response and outcomes of HER2-positive breast cancers after neoadjuvant therapy
Authors: Chiu Yun-Ning , Hsu Chih-Yi , Lien Pei-Ju , Chao Ta-Chung , Liu Chun-Yu , Lin Yen-Shu , Wang Yu-Ling , Tsai Yi-Fang , Tseng Ling-Ming
Published: January 2023

Background:

Neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) is conducted in increased number of patients with breast cancer overexpressing human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Whether the intensity of HER2 protein expression determines response to treatment is challenged. This study aims to analyze the impact of HER2 immunohistochemical (IHC) scores on NST response and survival outcome.

Methods:

We analyzed a total of 197 patients with HER2-positive breast cancer receiving NST and definite surgery from a prospectively collected database. The analyzed endpoints included pathological complete response (pCR), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). More patients with IHC 2+/in situ hybridization (ISH)-positive tumors presented positive for hormonal receptors, compared with those with IHC 3+ tumors. No clinicopathological features except tumor necrosis were significantly associated with pCR.

Results:

Both positive hormone receptors and IHC scores stood on the borderline in statistical analysis. IHC 3+ group tends to present a higher pCR rate than IHC 2+/ISH+ groups (52.5% vs. 34.3%). Patients who achieved pCR had better survival outcome than that of non-pCR group. The impact of pCR on survival reached the statistical significance in the IHC 3+ group both in DFS (90.9% vs. 76.5%; p = 0.004) and OS (97.4% vs. 83.2%; p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis demonstrated IHC scores as an independent predictor of survival outcome with the adjustment of tumor staging and pCR.

Conclusion:

HER2 IHC score is an independent predictor for outcome. IHC 3+ tumors presented a trend of higher pCR rate and better outcome in HER2-positive breast cancer patients who receive NST.
Hypertension in Pregnancy: What We Now Know
Authors: Gupta Sonali , Petras Lohana , Tufail Muhammad Umer , Rodriguez Salazar Juan Diego , Jim Belinda
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy remain a highly morbid condition that affects both the mother and fetus, complicate approximately 10% of pregnancies worldwide, and contribute to immediate and long-term cardiovascular outcomes. There is still much to learn regarding pathogenesis and treatment goals.

Recent findings

There is updated information on the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and treatment thresholds for HTN in pregnancy. l-Kynurenine, a metabolite of the essential amino acid l-tryptophan, has been implicated in preeclampsia as decreased levels were found in a uninephrectomized pregnant mouse model of preeclampsia, where replacement of l-kynurenine rescued the preeclamptic state. Further, data from CHIPS (The Control of HTN in Pregnancy Study) and CHAP (Chronic HTN and Pregnancy) trials demonstrate not only the safety of lowering blood pressure to either a diastolic goal of 85 mmHg (CHIPS) or less than 160/105 mmHg (CHAP) without detriment to the fetus but the CHAPS trial has also shown a decrease in the rate of preeclampsia in the treatment group.

We will summarize the different types of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, updates on the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, and appropriate HTN management based on the latest evidence in order to better care for mother and child.
Type 4 renal tubular acidosis and uric acid nephrolithiasis: two faces of the same coin?
Authors: Adomako Emmanuel A. , Maalouf Naim M.
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review

The present review summarizes findings of recent studies examining the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of type 4 renal tubular acidosis (RTA) and uric acid nephrolithiasis, two conditions characterized by an abnormally acidic urine.

Recent findings

Both type 4 RTA and uric acid nephrolithiasis disproportionately occur in patients with type 2 diabetes and/or chronic kidney disease. Biochemically, both conditions are associated with reduced renal ammonium excretion resulting in impaired urinary buffering and low urine pH. Reduced ammoniagenesis is postulated to result from hyperkalemia in type 4 RTA and from insulin resistance and fat accumulation in the renal proximal tubule in uric acid nephrolithiasis. The typical biochemical findings of hyperkalemia and systemic acidosis of type 4 RTA are rarely reported in uric acid stone formers. Additional clinical differences between the two conditions include findings of higher urinary uric acid excretion and consequent urinary uric acid supersaturation in uric acid stone formers but not in type 4 RTA.

Type 4 RTA and uric acid nephrolithiasis share several epidemiological, clinical, and biochemical features. Although both conditions may be manifestations of diabetes mellitus and thus have a large at-risk population, the means to the shared biochemical finding of overly acidic urine are different. This difference in pathophysiology may explain the dissimilarity in the prevalence of kidney stone formation.
Survey of Adolescents' and Emerging Adults' Preferences for Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Testing in Primary Care
Authors: Reingold Sarah , Tomcho Margaret , Thomas-Gale Tara , Haynes Christine , O'Leary Sonja , Warsh Sarah , Rinehart Deborah , Frost Holly
Published: January 2023

Our study assessed adolescents' and emerging adults' (ages 14–24 years) preferences for opt-out gonorrhea and chlamydia screening compared with risk-based screening. Most participants (93%) preferred opt-out gonorrhea and chlamydia testing compared with risk-based testing (6%), and opt-out testing was associated with less sexually transmitted infection–related stigma (P < 0.05).
Pleural Mesothelioma: Current Practice and Approach
Authors: Lenskaya Volha , Moran Cesar A.
Published: January 2023

Pleural mesotheliomas represent one of the most common diagnostic challenges in thoracic pathology. The diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma weighs heavily on clinical and radiologic information. In addition, in the past, before the era of immunohistochemistry, the diagnosis was aided with the use of special histochemical stains—PAS, D-PAS, and mucicarmine, which now very much have been replaced by immunohistochemical stains. In the era of immunohistochemistry, a combination of carcinomatous epitopes and positive mesothelioma markers has become paramount in the diagnosis of mesothelioma, and more recently the use of molecular techniques has become another ancillary tool in supporting such a diagnosis. At the same time, the treatment and clinical outcome of these patients may in some measure be determined by the histopathological features of the tumor and one that also over the years has changed from a palliative type to surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or a combination of these types. The histopathological growth patterns of mesothelioma are also wide, and in some cases may mimic other tumors that may be primary or metastatic to the pleura. Therefore, the assessment of the diagnosis of mesothelioma is one that requires a global view of the different factors including clinical, radiologic, pathologic—including immunohistochemistry and molecular diagnosis.
Rasch validation of the German translation of the Prosthetic Limb Users Survey of Mobility short forms in people with lower limb amputation
Authors: Bekrater-Bodmann Robin , Kehl Isabelle , Hafner Brian J. , Ranker Alexander , Giordano Andrea , Franchignoni Franco
Published: January 2023

Background:

Prostheses are a primary rehabilitative intervention for people after lower limb amputation. To appropriately measure the effectiveness of prosthetic interventions, valid and reliable measures of prosthetic mobility are required. The Prosthetic Limb Users Survey of Mobility (PLUS-M) is a promising instrument for measuring prosthesis users' mobility. However, German translations of the PLUS-M short forms have not yet been validated.

Objectives:

Rasch validation of the German translation of the PLUS-M short forms in people with lower limb amputation.

Study design:

This study is based on a cross-sectional survey of prosthesis-using lower limb amputees from a nation-wide cohort.

Methods:

PLUS-M data (the 7-item and the 12-item shortforms; PLUS-M-7 and PLUS-M-12, respectively) from 194 lower limb prosthesis users were subjected to Rasch analysis, an advanced statistical method for assessing if the measurement properties of a questionnaire comply with a wide spectrum of psychometric requirements.

Results:

Analysis showed appropriate rating scale functioning, good internal construct validity (item fit), unidimensionality, and good targeting of the PLUS-M-7 and PLUS-M-12 short forms. Moreover, the greater conditional measurement precision of PLUS-M-12 (regarding higher test information and lower standard error of mobility estimates) was quantified.

Conclusions:

Rasch analysis of the German translation of both PLUS-M short forms showed good psychometric qualities. In addition, our study showed that test scores from the PLUS-M-12 are more accurate. Therefore, the PLUS-M-12 is recommended for individual-level clinical applications (e.g., classification or change assessment).
Effects of Conditioned Medium of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Exposed to Platelet-Rich Plasma on the Expression of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Angiogenesis by Endothelial Cells
Authors: Morita Maki , Suyama Yoshiko , Notsu Tomomi , Fukuoka Kohei , Ikuta Kento , Kanayama Haruka , Umeda Ryunosuke , Teraoka Shogo , Minato Hiroyuki , Ninomiya Haruaki , Tsuneto Motokazu , Shirayoshi Yasuaki , Hisatome Ichiro , Yagi Shunjiro
Published: January 2023

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are known to secrete angiogenic factors that contribute to the treatment of intractable ulcers. The combination of PRP and ADSCs may enhance their angiogenic effects. However, it remains unclear whether treatment of ADSCs with PRP influences angiogenesis. We studied whether the conditioned medium from PRP-treated ADSCs under hypoxic conditions exerts angiogenic effects. Although PRP stimulated the proliferation of ADSCs obtained from rats, it decreased the mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and TGF-β1, but not of basic fibroblast growth factor, under hypoxia. The conditioned medium of PRP-treated ADSCs inhibited endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation, decreased NO production, and suppressed tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Transplantation of ADSCs alone increased both blood flow and capillary density of the ischemic limb; however, its combination with PRP did not further improve blood flow or capillary density. This suggests that both conditioned medium of ADSCs treated with PRP and combination of PRP with ADSCs transplantation may attenuate the phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and angiogenesis.
Comparison of Lymphatic Drainage of the Lower Limbs After Soft Tissue Reconstruction by Microvascular Muscle Flap Versus Fasciocutaneous Flaps
Authors: Cordelia M.J. Felix , Ete Geley , Paul M. Kingsly , Akamanchi Anirudha K. , Hephzibah Julie , Benjamin Justin , Agarwal Shwetha
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Complex traumatic injuries of the lower limb are increasingly being salvaged. The common long-term morbidity includes secondary lymphedema. The role of microvascular flaps is often discussed for lymph flow restoration. However, the differential effect of using muscle flap versus fasciocutaneous flap in the lower-limb trauma to avoid secondary lymphedema is not studied.

Methods

Forty patients who underwent microvascular flap reconstruction were reviewed retrospectively to obtain data regarding clinical demographics and surgical procedure. Assessment for presence of clinical lymphedema was done. The lymphatic drainage in all these patients was assessed by 99mTc lymphoscintigraphy.

Results

Of the 40 patients included in the study, group A (n = 23) underwent muscle-based free flap reconstruction, and group B (n = 17) had fasciocutaneous flaps. Clinical lymphedema was present in 21 patients, of which 18 were of group A and 3 of group B. On lymphoscintigraphy, 14 patients had either partial or complete obstruction in the reconstructed lower limb, 11 in group A and 3 in group B. All of them (n = 14) were found to have associated clinical lymphedema. The association of clinical lymphedema (P < 0.001) and obstructive pattern on lymphoscintigraphy (P < 0.05) with muscle flaps was found to be statistically significant.

Conclusions

With the advancement in surgery and techniques, not only salvageability but also stable and morbidity free outcomes are the goals. Fasciocutaneous flaps may have better lymphatic outcomes than the muscle-based flaps, and the criteria for lower-limb reconstruction can be reformed to include simultaneous soft tissue and lymphatic reconstruction.
The Progression of Interstitial Fibrosis and Tubular Atrophy at 6 Months Is an Independent Predictor of Poor Graft Outcomes in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Ouellet Gabriel , Houde Isabelle , Riopel Julie , Latulippe Eva , Douville Pierre , Lesage Julie , Côté Isabelle , Lapointe Isabelle , De Serres Sacha A.
Published: January 2023

Background.

Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) found on 1-y surveillance biopsies has been associated with poor graft outcomes. However, its progression over time and relationship to outcomes are less well defined.

Methods.

We studied implantation and 6-mo surveillance biopsies and examined the association between the progression of IFTA (ΔIFTA) and a composite of censored graft loss or doubling of serum creatinine in 248 adult kidney recipients.

Results.

The percentage of patients with ΔIFTA of 1 or ≥2 was 35% and 22%, respectively. Positive ΔIFTA was a risk factor for the composite endpoint (hazard ratio, 1.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.79). This estimate was robust to adjustment for recipient and donor baseline characteristics, baseline IFTA, tacrolimus levels, and rejection status. ΔIFTA was associated with decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate at 3 and 5 y. IFTA+i was a predictor in the cohort; however, IFTA progression was not limited to those with a mononuclear cell interstitial inflammation (Banff “i”) score above zero. Notably, donor age was a predictor of IFTA at 6 mo, but not of ΔIFTA, whereas rejection, donor diabetes, and recipient smoking status were.

Conclusions.

Progression of IFTA at 6 mo can predict outcomes. ΔIFTA was not related to donor age but may be linked to other risk factors influencing decision-making for donor versus recipient selection.
Assessment of dd-cfDNA Levels in Clinically Stable Lung Allograft Recipients Beyond the Initial 2 y Posttransplant
Authors: Trindade Anil J. , Chapin Kaitlyn C. , Mullican Amy , Gray Jennifer N. , Hoy Haley , Demarest Caitlin T. , Lambright Eric S. , McPherson Katie A. , Norfolk Stephanie G. , Robbins Ivan M. , Bacchetta Matthew , Erasmus David B. , Shaver Ciara M.
Published: January 2023

Background.

Donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) is a useful biomarker for the diagnosis of acute allograft injury within the first 1 to 2 y after lung transplant, but its utility for diagnosing chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) has not yet been studied. Understanding baseline dd-cfDNA kinetics beyond the initial 2 y posttransplant is a necessary first step in determining the utility of dd-cfDNA as a CLAD biomarker. We seek to establish baseline dd-cfDNA% levels in clinically stable lung allograft recipients who are >2 y posttransplant.

Methods.

We performed a prospective, single-center, observational study to identify plasma dd-cfDNA levels in clinically stable lung allograft recipients >2 y posttransplant.

Results.

Fifty-one subjects were enrolled and ≥3 baseline dd-cfDNA measurements were acquired during a median of 252 d. The median baseline percent dd-cfDNA level in our cohort was 0.45% (interquartile range [IQR], 0.26–0.69). There were statistically significant differences in dd-cfDNA based on posttransplant duration (≤5 y posttransplant median 0.41% [IQR, 0.21–0.64] versus >5 y posttransplant median 0.50% [IQR, 0.33–0.76]; P < 0.02). However, the clinical significance of this small change in dd-cfDNA is uncertain because this magnitude of change is within the biologic test variation of 73%.

Conclusions.

This study is the first to define levels of dd-cfDNA in clinically stable patients who are >2 y post–lung transplant. These findings lay the groundwork for the study of dd-cfDNA as a possible biomarker for CLAD.
Scaffolding individuality: coordination, cooperation, collaboration and community
Authors: Griesemer James , Shavit Ayelet
Published: January 2023

Processes of evolutionary transition (ET), becoming part of a new reproducing collective while losing the capacity of independent reproduction, seem difficult to track without circularity, since their features—units of selection, individuality, inheritance at multiple levels (MLS1, MLS2)—are products of one process. We describe ET in a non-circular way, noting kinds of
interactions
among community members necessary for such major transitions that are
not
instances of those same interactions within community members. Reproducing ‘systems’ tend to hybridize with environmental components, employing eco–devo scaffolding interactions forming communities. Communities are developmentally scaffolded systems of diverse members engaged in heterogeneous interactions. They may become individuals in their own right with the potential to evolve an inheritance system at the emergent community level. We argue for the explanatory benefits of treating ‘individuality’ as a special case of ‘collectivity’. We characterize an idealized sequence of collective processes—coordination, cooperation and collaboration (3Cs)—which scaffolds transitions to new forms of collective individuality: communities. Hominid evolution and learning draw attention to developmental interactions driving both dimensions of ET: new ‘levels of individuality’ and inherited ‘information systems’. Here, we outline a theoretical perspective that we suggest applies across a wide range of cases and scenarios.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Human socio-cultural evolution in light of evolutionary transitions’.
Evolutionary ecology of language origins through confrontational scavenging
Authors: Szilágyi András , Kovács Viktor P. , Czárán Tamás , Szathmáry Eörs
Published: January 2023

A dynamic model and an agent-based simulation model implementing the assumptions of the confrontational scavenging hypothesis on early protolanguage as an adaptive response ofHomo erectusto gradual change in their habitat has been developed and studied. The core assumptions of the hypothesis and the model scenario are the pre-adaptation of our ancestors to occupy the ecological niche that they constructed for themselves by having evolved displaced communication and a rudimentary tool manufacture, two features allowing them to use a new, concentrated and abundant resource—megafauna carrion—on the savannahs replacing arboreal habitats owing to the drying climate of East Africa at about 2 Ma. The shift in diet required coordinated cooperation by the hominin scavengers confronted with concurrent predators. Power scavenging compelled displaced symbolic communication featuring a limited semantic range; syntax was not yet required. We show that phenotypic evolution on the accuracy of information transfer between cooperating hominins is a necessary and sufficient condition for the population of agents to survive the diet shift. Both the individual and the group fitness of the hominin horde increased with the accuracy of their protolanguage, with decreasing time allocated to foraging and thus more time left for culture.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Human socio-cultural evolution in light of evolutionary transitions’.
Can models of evolutionary transition clarify the debates over the Neolithic Revolution?
Authors: Shavit Ayelet , Sharon Gonen
Published: January 2023

The ‘Neolithic Revolution,’ sometimes referred to as the emergence of agriculture at its earliest in the southern Levant, is the most significant shift in human history, shaping the world we live in today. Yet, after 100 years of study, its major cause, tempo (gradual or revolutionary), and impact of human intentionality remain disputed. Here, we examine the research potential of an evolutionary transition in individuality (ETI) to clarify this dramatic shift. Applying an ETI research perspective reveals how different causes and conditions lead to the same result, enabling a holistic view rather than a reduction of ‘Neolithic' to ‘agriculture,' or to one major climatic condition, inheritance system or standard evolutionary model, thus allowing us to clarify and bypass some of these heated, unresolved disputes. Additionally, unlike current archaeological emphasis on ‘where,' ‘when,' ‘why' and ‘how' questions, the ETI perspective offers a productive path for resolving a fundamental preliminary anomaly: why and how could the Neolithic lifeway evolve at all, given the selfish interest of individuals in a hunter–gatherer group? We do not intend to solve the shift to Neolithic lifeways, only to offer a fresh lens for examining it, emphasizing the relevance of tracking within and between group differences.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Human socio-cultural evolution in light of evolutionary transitions’.
Evolution of the Okvik/Old Bering Sea culture of the Bering Strait as a major transition
Authors: Prentiss Anna Marie , Laue Cheyenne , Gjesfjeld Erik , Walsh Matthew J. , Denis Megan , Foor Thomas A.
Published: January 2023

Great transitions are thought to embody major shifts in locus of selection, labour diversification and communication systems. Such expectations are relevant for biological and cultural systems as decades of research has demonstrated similar dynamics within the evolution of culture. The evolution of the Neo-Inuit cultural tradition in the Bering Strait provides an ideal context for examination of cultural transitions. The Okvik/Old Bering Sea (Okvik/OBS) culture of Bering Strait is the first representative of the Neo-Inuit tradition. Archaeological evidence drawn for settlement and subsistence data, technological traditions and mortuary contexts suggests that Okvik/OBS fits the definition of a major transition given change in the nature of group membership (from families to political groups with social ranking), task organization (emergent labour specialization) and communication (advent of complex art forms conveying social and ideological information). This permits us to develop a number of implications about the evolutionary process recognizing that transitions may occur on three scales: (1) ephemeral variants, as for example, simple technological entities; (2) integrated systems, spanning modular technology to socio-economic strategies; and (3) simultaneous change across all scales with emergent properties.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Human socio-cultural evolution in light of evolutionary transitions’.