bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CAR T in patients with large B‐cell lymphoma not fit for autologous transplant
Authors: Kuhnl A. , Kirkwood A. A. , Roddie C. , Menne T. , Tholouli E. , Bloor A. , Besley C. , Chaganti S. , Osborne W. , Norman J. , Gibb A. , Sharplin K. , Cuadrado M. , Correia de Farias M. , Cheok K. , Neill L. , Latif A. L. , González Arias C. , Uttenthal B. , Jones C. , Johnson R. , McMillan A. , Sanderson R. , Townsend W.
Published: April 2023

Large B‐cell lymphoma (LBCL) patients with comorbidities and/or advanced age are increasingly considered for treatment with CD19 CAR T, but data on the clinical benefit of CAR T in the less fit patient population are still limited. We analysed outcomes of consecutive patients approved for treatment with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi‐cel) or tisagenlecleucel (tisa‐cel) by the UK National CAR T Clinical Panel, according to fitness for autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). 81/404 (20%) of approved patients were deemed unfit for ASCT. Unfit patients were more likely to receive tisa‐cel versus axi‐cel (52% vs. 48%) compared to 20% versus 80% in ASCT‐fit patients; p < 0.0001. The drop‐out rate from approval to infusion was significantly higher in the ASCT‐unfit group (34.6% vs. 23.5%; p = 0.042). Among infused patients, response rate, progression‐free and overall survival were similar in both cohorts. CAR T was well‐tolerated in ASCT‐unfit patients with an incidence of grade ≥3 cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity of 2% and 11%, respectively. Results from this multicentre real‐world cohort demonstrate that CD19 CAR T can be safely delivered in carefully selected older patients and patients with comorbidities who are not deemed suitable for transplant.
Screening and introduction of key cell cycle microRNAs deregulated in colorectal cancer by integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Firouzjaei Ali Ahmadizad , Sharifi Kazem , Khazaei Majid , Mohammadi‐Yeganeh Samira , Aghaee‐Bakhtiari Seyed Hamid
Published: April 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in women and the third most common in men worldwide. Impaired cell cycle regulation leads to many cancers and is also approved in CRC. Therefore, cell cycle regulation is a critical therapeutic target for CRC. Furthermore, miRNAs have been discovered as regulators in a variety of cancer‐related pathways. This study is designed to investigate how miRNAs and mRNAs interact to regulate the cell cycle in CRC patients. Utilizing the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), cell cycle‐associated genes were identified and evaluated. Seven of the 22 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) implicated in the cell cycle in three GSEs (GSE24514, GSE10950, and GSE74604) were identified as potential therapeutic targets. Then, using PyRx software, we performed docking proteins with selected drugs. The results demonstrated that these drugs are appropriate molecules for targeting cell cycle DEGs. Tarbase, miRTarbase, miRDIP, and miRCancer databases were used to find miRNAs that target the indicated genes. The ability of these six miRNAs to impact the cell cycle in colorectal cancer may be concluded. These miRNAs were found to be downregulated in SW480 cells when compared to the normal tissue. Our data imply that a precise selection of bioinformatics tools can facilitate the identification of miRNAs that impact mRNA translation at different stages of the cell cycle. The candidates can be investigated more as targets for cell cycle arrest in cancers.
Megf10‐related engulfment of excitatory postsynapses by astrocytes following severe brain injury
Authors: Zhuang Yuan , Xu Xiaojian , Li Hao , Niu Fei , Yang Mengshi , Ge Qianqian , Lu Shenghua , Deng Yu , Wu Hongbin , Zhang Bin , Liu Baiyun
Published: April 2023

Aims

To investigate astrocyte‐related phagocytosis of synapses in the ipsilateral hippocampus after traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods

We performed controlled cortical impact to simulate TBI in mice. Seven days postinjury, we performed cognitive tests, synapse quantification, and examination of astrocytic phagocytosis in association with Megf10 expression.

Results

During the subacute stage post‐TBI, we found a reduction in excitatory postsynaptic materials in the ipsilateral hippocampus, which was consistent with poor performance in the cognitive test. The transcriptome data suggested that robust phagocytosis was responsible for this process. Coincidently, we identified phagocytic astrocytes containing secondary lysosomes that were wrapped around the synapses in the ipsilateral hippocampus. Moreover, a significant increase in the co‐location of GFAP and PSD‐95 in the CA1 region suggested astrocytic engulfment of excitatory postsynaptic proteins. After examining the reported phagocytic pathways, we found that both the transcription level and protein expression of Megf10 were elevated. Co‐immunofluorescence of GFAP and Megf10 demonstrated that the expression of Megf10 was spatially upregulated in astrocytes, exclusively in the CA1 region, and was related to the astrocytic engulfment of PSD‐95.

Conclusion

Our study elaborated that the Megf10‐related astrocytic engulfment of PSD‐95 in the CA1 region of the ipsilateral hippocampus aggravated cognitive dysfunction following severe TBI.
m6A promotes planarian regeneration
Authors: Cui Guanshen , Zhou Jia‐Yi , Ge Xin‐Yang , Sun Bao‐Fa , Song Ge‐Ge , Wang Xing , Wang Xiu‐Zhi , Zhang Rui , Wang Hai‐Lin , Jing Qing , Koziol Magdalena J. , Zhao Yong‐Liang , Zeng An , Zhang Wei‐Qi , Han Da‐Li , Yang Yun‐Gui , Yang Ying
Published: April 2023

Regeneration is the regrowth of damaged tissues or organs, a vital process in response to damages from primitive organisms to higher mammals. Planarian possesses active whole‐body regenerative capability owing to its vast reservoir of adult stem cells, neoblasts, providing an ideal model to delineate the underlying mechanisms for regeneration. RNA N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification participates in many biological processes, including stem cell self‐renewal and differentiation, in particular the regeneration of haematopoietic stem cells and axons. However, how m6A controls regeneration at the whole‐organism level remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the depletion of m6A methyltransferase regulatory subunit wtap abolishes planarian regeneration, potentially through regulating genes related to cell–cell communication and cell cycle. Single‐cell RNA‐seq (scRNA‐seq) analysis unveils that the wtap knockdown induces a unique type of neural progenitor‐like cells (NP‐like cells), characterized by specific expression of the cell–cell communication ligand grn. Intriguingly, the depletion of m6A‐modified transcripts grn, cdk9 or cdk7 partially rescues the defective regeneration of planarian caused by wtap knockdown. Overall, our study reveals an indispensable role of m6A modification in regulating whole‐organism regeneration.
IRF8 may be a useful marker for blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm, especially with weak CD123 expression
Authors: Tang Haiming , Panse Gauri , Braddock Demetrios , Perincheri Sudhir , Xu Mina L. , McNiff Jennifer M.
Published: April 2023

We highlight the utility of interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8), a novel marker of monocytic and dendritic cell lineages, in the diagnosis of a case of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) presenting initially in the skin. A 60‐year‐old male with a previous history of myelodysplastic syndrome presented with cutaneous nodules on chest and scalp. A punch biopsy specimen of a skin nodule showed a diffuse dermal infiltrate of atypical mononuclear cells. The neoplastic cells expressed CD4, CD56, CD43, and TdT but showed minimal reaction for TCL‐1 and CD123, and were negative for CD34, CD117, and MPO, confounding the diagnosis. IRF8 performed in retrospect was strongly positive. A new punch biopsy specimen of a chest nodule showed the blastoid tumor cells were positive for TCL‐1, CD4, and CD56, but dim CD123. Subsequent bone marrow involvement showed blastoid tumor cells with intense positivity for CD123, CD4, and CD56, which was supportive of the BPDCN diagnosis. BPDCN cases with weak or variable CD123 and TCL‐1 expression represent a potential diagnostic pitfall. In a recent study, 15 cases of BPDCN showed uniformly strong staining for IRF8, while CD123 was dim or negative in 4 of these 15 cases. We suggest IRF8 may be a useful marker for BPDCN, especially in cases with weak or variable expression of CD123 and TCL1.
The quest for ICO: Identifying and prioritising the factors influencing initial coin offering selection
Authors: Wats Sangeeta , Singh Simarjeet , Gupta Sanjay
Published: April 2023

Initial coin offerings (ICOs) have emerged as a niche source of entrepreneurial financing and a novel investment option that has appealed to investors. The present study aims to identify and prioritise factors that attract investors in the ICO selection process, thus providing valuable insights in improving their decision‐making process. To examine this objective, data were collected from respondents of four continents who had invested in ICO. The fuzzy analytical hierarchy process was applied to prioritise the factors inducing the decision‐making process of the respondents. Ideological factors, white paper, return expectations and behavioural factors emerged as the top four factors, respectively, that influenced the selection process. In contrast, technological factors appeared to be the least significant factor driving the selection process. This is the first kind of research that deals with the identification and prioritisation of factors and sub‐factors regarding the ICO selection decision‐making. The study will be of huge relevance to investors as it will offer them better clarity regarding the spectrum of factors and sub‐factors that impact their ICO selection process and simultaneously extend guidelines that will help them invest more rationally and strategically. The study will also ensure that issuers devise and design their ICO effectively to draw investors eventually leading to its success. Consequently, the study will serve the policymakers to establish a framework to enhance investors’ protection from any unscrupulous practices.
Do bank managers signal through cash flow statements?
Authors: Saito Yoshie , Yasuda Yukihiro
Published: April 2023

We empirically examine the cash flow statements for Japanese banks and whether their managers engage in classification shifting to temper concerns about risk exposure. To create a buffer against liquidity shocks, they shift cash flows from investing and/or financing activities to operating activities. We also find robust evidence that classification shifting intensifies in higher risk situations. Although prior research on managerial discretion focuses on earning management, we are the first to show cash flow management to avoid sequential negative changes in operating cash flows. We show that these activities convey valuable information about changes in banks' risk exposure.
The histologic reaction and permanence of hyaluronic acid gel, calcium hydroxylapatite microspheres, and extracellular matrix bio gel
Authors: Hu Yuling , Lu Haibin , Yuan Xihang , Yang Zhenyu , Gao Qiuni , Qi Zuoliang
Published: April 2023

Background

The filling materials on the beauty market can be classified into three types: natural biological materials, synthetic polymer materials, and composites containing bioactive substances. However, comparative experimental data is lacking to compare their biological responses and permanence.

Aims

The main object of this study was to evaluate the biological response of these three types of fillers to provide a theoretical basis for clinical application.

Methods

Six‐week‐old female mice were injected subcutaneously with hyaluronic acid (HA) gel, calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) microspheres, and extracellular matrix (ECM) bio gel to observe the body reaction and permanence. At 1, 4, 8, and 16 weeks, the test sites were excised and analyzed by histopathology and proteomics.

Results

Extracellular matrix had a minimal foreign body response. HA had a good volume effect at the early stage but the volume retention rate was lower than CaHA in the long term. CaHA could stimulate neo‐collagen formation.

Conclusion

This study has proven the effectiveness and safety of these fillers and could provide clinical guidance for the plastic surgeon.
Retrospective real‐world study of Definisse threads for jaw line reshaping in Indian patients (REDEFINE JAW study)
Authors: Singh Sukhbir , Ballani Indu , Patil Chetan Y. , Kaushik Isha
Published: April 2023

Background

Thread lifting is a minimally invasive aesthetic procedure that lifts and realigns sagging tissue. Definisse double‐needle threads are the latest fourth generation absorbable, monofilament, suspension barbed threads of synthetic origin with convergent bidirectional barbs. Definisse thread produces dual action; mechanical action gives a lifting effect and over a period, it promotes histological revitalizing action.

Objectives

To evaluate the real‐world efficacy and safety of Definisse double‐needle threads for lower facial lifting for jaw line reshaping in Indian patients.

Methods

This is an observational, retrospective study involving patients who underwent treatment for lower‐face reshaping using Definisse double‐needle 12 cm threads.

Results

Fifty patients with a mean age of 47.44 years were included in the study with an average follow‐up of 5.14 months. All the patients have undergone Jawline Reshaping (JR) procedure, while 70% of patients also underwent Malar Reshaping (MR) technique simultaneously. Mean of Physician and Subject Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (PGAIS and SGAIS) showed improvement immediately after the procedure (mean scores 2.82 and 2.7, respectively) and showed further improvement at the follow‐up (3.72 and 3.58, respectively). Moreover, most of the patients immediately after the procedure rated the improvement in PGAIS and SGAIS as “much improved” compared to pre‐procedure appearance (78% and 66%, respectively), while, at follow‐up, 76% and 66% of the patients, respectively, rated “improved very much” compared to pre‐procedure appearance.

Conclusion

Current study has demonstrated the effectiveness of the latest Definisse threads in Indian patients in performing tissue repositioning to provide a noticeable lifting effect. Procedure was also well tolerated and none of the patients developed serious complications.
Evaluating the effect of tranexamic acid as mesotherapy on persistent post‐acne erythema: A before and after study
Authors: Bazargan Afsaneh Sadeghzadeh , Ziaeifar Elham , Abouie Abolfazl , Mirahmadi Sadegh , Taheri Amirmasoud , Gheisari Mehdi
Published: April 2023

Background

Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease that is more common in young population and it can be associated with some sequels after resolving the lesions. Post‐inflammatory erythema is one of these complications that can be disturbing for patients and does not have any definite treatment. This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid (TA) as mesotherapy in treatment of post‐acne erythema (PAE) treatment.

Method

This clinical trial study was performed in the dermatology clinic on 17 patients with persistent PAE (3 months after acne recovery). Two sessions of treatment were performed by a physician with 2‐week intervals; TA was injected as mesotherapy into the right side of each patient's face as the case group, while the opposite side was used as the control group. A Visioface device was used to compare before and after treatment photographs of each side of the face in color mode with quantitative measures such as lesions count, area, and area percent.

Results

Finally, 15 patients completed treatment sessions. There were statistically significant differences in right side lesions before and after treatment withp‐values of 0.047, 0.002, and 0.035 for count, area, and area percent, respectively. There was no significant difference before and after treatment in terms of count, area. and area‐percent on the left side.

Conclusion

According to the results of this study, TA injection as mesotherapy for resolving PAE can be effective. However, due to small sample size, further studies are needed.
Impacts of technology implementation on nurses' work motivation, engagement, satisfaction and well‐being: A realist review
Authors: Jedwab Rebecca M. , Manias Elizabeth , Redley Bernice , Dobroff Naomi , Hutchinson Alison M.
Published: April 2023

Aim

To examine current literature for causal explanations on how, why and under what circumstances, implementation of a new hospital electronic medical record system or similar technology impacts nurses' work motivation, engagement, satisfaction or well‐being.

Background

Implementation of new technology, such as electronic medical record systems, affects nurses and their work, workflows and inter‐personal interactions in healthcare settings. Multiple individual and organisational‐level factors can affect technology adoption by nurses and may have negative consequences for nurses and patient safety.

Design

Five‐step realist review method and Realist And Meta‐narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards checklist was used to guide this review. Eight initial theories (programme theories) were used as the basis to explore, examine and refine literature from a range of sources.

Data Sources

Literature from five databases (APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, Embase, IEEE Xplore and MEDLINE Complete) and grey literature (from 1 January 2000 to 31 October 2021) were systematically searched and retrieved on 4 November 2021.

Results

In all, 8980 records were screened at the title and abstract level, of which 1027 full texts were screened and 10 were included in the review. Seven studies assessed concepts in both pre‐ and post‐technology implementation. Most common contexts related to knowledge, rationale and skills to use new technology. Mechanisms that impacted nurses or nursing care delivery included: nurses' involvement in technology implementation processes; nurses' perceptions, understanding and limitations of technology impact(s) on patient care delivery; social supports; skills; implementation attitude and hardware. Work satisfaction was the most frequently examined outcome. An analysis led to nine final programme theories (including two original, six revised and one new programme theory).

Conclusion

Nurses must be informed about the rationale for new technology and have the knowledge and skills for its use. Understanding nurses' work motivation and attitudes related to technology adoption in the workplace can support work engagement, satisfaction and well‐being.

Implications for the Profession

Complex contexts and mechanisms play a role in nurses' work motivation, engagement, satisfaction and well‐being with the implementation of new technology into healthcare settings.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Nurses, their work and workflows are all influenced by the implementation of new technologies (such as electronic medical records), which in turn has consequences for patient safety and quality of care.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.

Prospero Registration Number

CRD42020131875 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=131875).
Risk factors associated with outcome in goats with encephalitic listeriosis: A retrospective study of 36 cases from 2008 to 2021
Authors: Kennedy Shari , Passler Thomas , Stockler Jenna , Bayne Jenna
Published: April 2023

Background

There exists a scarcity of information on risk factors associated with case outcomes in goats diagnosed with encephalitic listeriosis.

Objective

Evaluate risk factors associated with outcomes in 36 cases of suspected encephalitic listeriosis in goats presented to a referral hospital.

Animals

Thirty‐six goats (26 does, 7 bucks, and 3 wethers) were presented to Auburn University Large Animal Teaching Hospital between 2008 and 2021 for treatment of neurologic disease diagnosed as encephalitic listeriosis based on any combination of clinical signs, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) analysis, or postmortem examination.

Methods

Retrospective study. Data were analyzed as binary and under a proportional odds model. The medical records were searched for presumptive encephalitic listeriosis in goats between 2008 and 2021. Data collected included signalment (sex, age, and breed), history, clinical signs, temperature, and ability to stand at presentation. Final diagnosis, CSF results, all treatments, outcomes, and results of necropsy were also collected for analysis.

Results

Male goats were 14 (95% CI: 1.98‐166.0) times more likely to be a non‐survivor compared to females despite being presented with similar history, clinical signs, and treatments. Animals presented with circling or a history of circling were 6.24 (95% CI: 1.40‐23.21) times more likely to be a survivor than a non‐survivor. Other risk factors evaluated were not significantly associated with outcomes.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Few risk factors were associated with outcomes. Duration of clinical signs, antimicrobial or anti‐inflammatory choices, or CSF results were not associated with outcome. Only sex and history or presence of circling were associated with case outcomes.
Nurse shrubs influence plant biodiversity across environmental gradients in rocky outcrops and surrounding rangelands
Authors: Rafiee Fahime , Bashirzadeh Maral , Zare Habib , Ejtehadi Hamid , Farzam Mohammad
Published: April 2023

Question

Rocky outcrops generally restrict recruitment and survival of plant species due to their environmental conditions including low soil moisture, nutrient shortages and microclimate harshness. Under such severe conditions, nurse plants may play critical roles in preserving plant biodiversity. Although the nurses' effects on plant biodiversity are fully understood in different major biomes, the relative effects of abiotic factors and nurse plants as important factors have rarely been studied in rocky outcrops, and compared to those in the surrounding rangelands. Therefore, we sought to assess the effects of two dominant shrub species (Artemisia aucheri and Prunus pseudoprostrata) on all biodiversity components including taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity across some environmental gradients such as precipitation and soil gradients in rocky outcrops and their surrounding rangelands.

Location

The study was conducted on six sites located in rocky outcrops and their surrounding rangelands across a precipitation gradient (160–910 mm) and under different soil fertility levels in northern Iran.

Methods

We established 80 1‐m2 (1 m × 1 m) plots in each site with respect to the presence of nurse shrubs, and measured biodiversity components within the plots using Rao Q entropies (q0, q1 and q2) and mean pairwise distance (MPD) indices. The relative interaction index (RII) was also calculated to quantify the interaction type and intensity. Finally, variation partitioning analysis was performed to determine the relative importance of biotic interactions and abiotic factors such as precipitation, electrical conductivity (EC) and phosphorus on structuring biodiversity components.

Results

Plant–plant interactions and abiotic factors consistently influenced different components of biodiversity in rocky outcrops and their surrounding rangelands. However, nurse shrubs showed stronger effects on plant biodiversity than abiotic factors by providing suitable microenvironments to harbor less‐tolerant plant species under the severe conditions of outcrops. In addition, microhabitats beneath nurse shrubs significantly responded to soil EC and precipitation gradients, with a decrease in competition intensity under intermediate levels of the gradients. In contrast, nurse shrubs negatively affected different components of biodiversity, with a decrease in biodiversity under intermediate levels of environmental gradients in surrounding rangelands.

Conclusions

Our findings show critical roles of nurse shrubs for maintaining plant biodiversity in rocky outcrops depending on their growth form and the biodiversity component considered. In this case, nurse shrubs could reduce double environmental filtering, consistent with establishing a functional paradox trade‐off to support a wide range of plant species with functionally divergent relatedness.
Bilevel optimization of a housing allocation and traffic emission problem in a predictive dynamic continuum transportation system
Authors: Yang Liangze , Wong S. C. , Ho H. W. , Shu Chi‐Wang , Zhang Mengping
Published: April 2023

In recent decades, the effects of vehicle emissions on urban environments have raised increasing concerns, and it has been recognized that vehicle emissions affect peoples’ choice of housing location. Additionally, housing allocation patterns determine people's travel behavior and thus affect vehicle emissions. This study considers the housing allocation problem by incorporating vehicle emissions in a city with a single central business district (CBD) into a bilevel optimization model. In the lower level subprogram, under a fixed housing allocation, a predictive dynamic continuum user‐optimal (PDUO‐C) model with a combined departure time and route choice is used to study the city's traffic flow. In the upper level subprogram, the health cost is defined and minimized to identify the optimal allocation of additional housing units to update the housing allocation. A simulated annealing algorithm is used to solve the housing allocation problem. The results show that the distribution of additional housing locations is dependent on the distance and direction from the CBD. Sensitivity analyses demonstrate the influences of various factors (e.g., budget and cost of housing supply) on the optimized health cost and travel demand pattern.
Cephalad extraspinal spinal cord stimulator lead migration & salvage: A case report
Authors: Heros Robert D. , Anderson Jason G. , Cariello Christopher
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Spinal cord stimulation is an important therapy option for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain of spinal or peripheral etiology. As with any implantable device, complications may arise. These must be promptly identified and managed to maintain patients in successful therapy.

Case Report

We report an unusual case of cephalad and extraspinal lead migration requiring surgical intervention in order to salvage therapy.

Conclusion

Lead migration is one of the most common complications of spinal cord stimulation, and left untreated can lead to loss of therapy and possible device explant. A strategy for correcting this issue is needed, and we present an unusual case to consider when faced with a loss of therapy from lead migration.
Transition readiness in adolescents and young adults with chronic genetic skin conditions
Authors: Ho Frances O. , Rustad Andrea M. , Ren Ziyou , Khabbaz Lydia R. , Knoll Justin M. , Rangel Stephanie M. , Paller Amy S.
Published: April 2023

Background/Objectives

Healthcare transition (HCT) refers to movement from pediatric to adult healthcare models. Lack of HCT preparation contributes to poor health outcomes. This study measures readiness to transition in individuals with genetic skin conditions.

Methods

Participants signed IRB‐approved consents/assents. Participants ages 14–22 years with genetic skin disorders were surveyed with measures of QoL (Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index/CDLQI or DLQI) and HCT readiness using the Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ) and adapted non‐validated measures of Skin Knowledge and Psychosocial Factors (5 = highest readiness). Mean TRAQ was compared with historical data on controls and other chronic conditions (t‐tests) and correlated (Pearson) with Skin Knowledge and Psychosocial. Multivariable regression compared demographics and QoL with transition readiness.

Results

A total of 45 participants were enrolled (mean age 17.8 years, 67% female, 71% White; disorders of cornification [n = 31], ectodermal dysplasias [n = 7], epidermolysis bullosa [n = 4], tuberous sclerosis [n = 3]). Mean TRAQ (3.3 ± 0.9) was lower than controls (3.9; p < .001) and some chronic disorders (sickle cell [3.7; p < .05], type 1 diabetes [3.7; p < .01]), but higher than with spina bifida (2.8; p < .001) and congenital heart disease (2.9; p < .01). Mean Skin Knowledge was 4.2 ± 1.0, and mean Psychosocial was 3.4 ± 0.8. TRAQ correlated strongly with Skin Knowledge (r = .61; p < .05), but not Psychosocial (r = .12; p = .6). Ages 14–17 years versus 18–22 years and public versus private insurance predicted lower TRAQ scores. Poor DLQI predicted higher TRAQ and Skin Knowledge, but poor DLQI and CDLQI predicted lower Psychosocial.

Conclusions

Adolescents and young adults with genetic skin disorders demonstrated low transition readiness, especially among younger‐aged and lower socioeconomic groups. We recommend a HCT intervention to improve health outcomes.
The antiviral activity of currently used medicinal plants in aquaculture and structure–activity relationship of their active ingredients
Authors: Hu Yang , Zhang Xu , Shan Li‐peng , Liu Lei , Chen Jiong
Published: April 2023

Aquaculture is an important source of high‐quality protein and plays a crucial role in ensuring global food security. However, viral diseases have caused significant damage to aquaculture production, making it necessary to develop effective measures to treat them. Although drugs are commonly used to treat viral diseases, recent studies have shown that crude extracts of medicinal plants and their active ingredients have potential applications in the treatment of aquatic viral diseases. Furthermore, natural small molecule compounds from herbs could be used as lead compounds to develop more potent anti‐aquatic virus derivatives. As such, there is an urgent need to develop and apply drugs for the treatment of viral disease outbreaks in aquaculture. In this review, we summarize previous studies on the efficacy of different agents used as antiviral drugs in aquaculture, with a focus on their protective effects. Additionally, we highlight the potential of active natural compounds isolated from medicinal plants, which could serve as lead compounds for developing aquatic‐specific drugs. However, the relationship between the structure of a compound and its antiviral activity in aquaculture has not been clearly elucidated, posing a challenge for further drug optimisation. Therefore, this study also analyses the structure–activity relationship of several reported lead compounds and their derivatives in aquaculture, providing a reference for subsequent drug development efforts.
More control–less agency slack? Principal control and the risk of agency slack in international organizations
Authors: Jankauskas Vytautas , Knill Christoph , Bayerlein Louisa
Published: April 2023

Principal‐agent theorizing is based on the idea of a linear inverse relationship between principal control and agency slack: the higher the control over the agent, the less likely is the agent to slack. In this paper, we challenge this assumption by explicitly taking the varying nature of agents into account. While control may reduce the agent's room for maneuver, it does not explain the extent to which different agents are inclined to put efforts in circumventing these obstacles. Focusing on international organizations (IOs), we measure member states' as principals' control over IO administrations as their agents as well as the latter's intrinsic propensity to slack across eight major IOs. The analysis shows that low control by the principal is not necessarily associated with run‐away agents, whereas high control is not necessarily associated with servant‐like agents. The assumed control–slack relationship can thus be distorted and determining an ideal level of control is not possible without considering the agent's entrepreneurialism.
Evidence‐based analysis of multi‐pronged approaches for education and behavior management of autistic patients in a dental setting
Authors: Goyal Tavisha , Kalra Namita , Tyagi Rishi , Khatri Amit , Sabherwal Puja , Yangdol Padma
Published: April 2023

Background

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition which has posed a challenge to carers, pediatricians and dentists through the years. Over the last four decades, the disorder has been better understood and management techniques have evolved. In the field of dentistry, the autistic child presents difficulty in management, even for the simplest dental procedures. A comprehensive understanding of other psychoeducational and behavioral approaches to manage autism is very important. This article aims to introduce various important key techniques such as Applied Behavior Analysis, TEACCH, Sensory Adapted Dental Environment, Picture Exchange Communication System, and Animal Assisted Therapy and analyze their application in dentistry.

Methods

A search of literature was carried out in Clinicaltrials.gov, Medline and Scopus with the search terms “Applied Behavior Analysis,” “TEACCH,” “Sensory Adapted Dental Environment,” “Picture Exchange Communication System,” and “Animal Assisted Therapy” along with “autism OR autistic,” “dental OR dentistry OR oral health.” After the screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 eligible articles were included, in English, published within the last 10 years.

Results

Limited research was available regarding these lesser‐known behavioral approaches in dentistry. The few that were available showed encouraging results. The different techniques proved useful in increasing acceptance of dental treatment and reducing behavioral disturbances. The patients experienced reduced dental anxiety, lesser discomfort, improved communication, and knowledge.

Conclusion

Pediatric and special care dentists are likely to benefit by incorporating the recommended comprehensive behavior management techniques in their practice. There is evidence that these techniques will reduce behavioral disturbances in autistic children thereby making primary dental care possible without the need for sedation or general anesthesia.
A Spinozist defense of trope theory
Authors: Costa Emanuele
Published: April 2023

Trope theory and Spinoza's metaphysics apparently present two incompatible ontological landscapes. Spinoza assigns a strong metaphysical priority to a grounding substance and describes common objects as adjectival upon such substance. By contrast, several contemporary trope theories attempt to reduce all substances (both universal and particular) to bundles of individual properties. In this article, I motivate, defend, and develop a compatible reading of Spinozism and trope theories. This interpretation provides new reasons to take seriously some of the most controversial of Spinoza's claims, such as its monism and its commitment to universal necessity. Moreover, my interpretation undermines some classical objections against trope theories, such as their unwarranted multiplication of metaphysical objects, and their commitment to a description of objects based on necessary sets of their properties.
Differences in specific abdominal fat depots between metabolically healthy and unhealthy children with overweight/obesity: The role of cardiorespiratory fitness
Authors: Cadenas‐Sanchez Cristina , Medrano María , Villanueva Arantxa , Cabeza Rafael , Idoate Fernando , Osés Maddi , Rodríguez‐Vigil Beatriz , Álvarez de Eulate Natalia , Alberdi Aldasoro Nerea , Ortega Francisco B. , Labayen Idoia
Published: April 2023

Objectives

Fat depots localization has a critical role in the metabolic health status of adults. Nevertheless, whether that is also the case in children remains under‐studied. Therefore, the aims of this study were: (i) to examine the differences between metabolically healthy (MHO) and unhealthy (MUO) overweight/obesity phenotypes on specific abdominal fat depots, and (ii) to further explore whether cardiorespiratory fitness plays a major role in the differences between metabolic phenotypes among children with overweight/obesity.

Methods

A total of 114 children with overweight/obesity (10.6 ± 1.1 years, 62 girls) were included. Children were classified as MHO (n = 68) or MUO. visceral (VAT), abdominal subcutaneous (ASAT), intermuscular abdominal (IMAAT), psoas, hepatic, pancreatic, and lumbar bone marrow adipose tissues were measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using the 20 m shuttle run test.

Results

MHO children had lower VAT and ASAT contents and psoas fat fraction compared to MUO children (difference = 12.4%–25.8%, all p < 0.035). MUO‐unfit had more VAT and ASAT content than those MUO‐fit and MHO‐fit (difference = 34.8%–45.3%, all p < 0.044). MUO‐unfit shows also greater IMAAT fat fraction than those MUO‐fit and MHO‐fit peers (difference = 16.4%–13.9% respectively, all p ≤ 0.001). In addition, MHO‐unfit presented higher IMAAT fat fraction than MHO‐fit (difference = 13.4%, p < 0.001). MUO‐unfit presented higher psoas fat fraction than MHO‐fit (difference = 29.1%, p = 0.008).

Conclusions

VAT together with ASAT and psoas fat fraction, were lower in MHO than in MUO children. Further, we also observed that being fit, regardless of metabolic phenotype, has a protective role over the specific abdominal fat depots among children with overweight/obesity.
Testing the Phillips Curve: Inflation or Unemployment? Evidence from a Behavioral Experiment
Authors: Conrad Christian A.
Published: April 2023

The central thesis of the Phillips Curve is that inflation leads to less unemployment. The link between inflation and employment has been tested empirically many times using econometrics but never by behavioral science. The purpose of this paper is to use behavioral science to test the Phillips Curve thesis. A simplified company was used as a model, where labor demand was related to investments. Our experiments have shown that inflation reduces unemployment in the short term, thus confirming the Phillips hypothesis. This would mean that the central banks are able to counteract unemployment through an inflationary, expansive monetary policy and generate growth in the short term, but there are strong distributional effects.
The Relation of Paser Ethnic Subalternity in the Process of Moving the Indonesian Capital City in East Kalimantan
Authors: Umasangaji Nurul Kamaliah , Kamaruddin Syamsu A. , Ihsan Andi , Zainal Muhammad Isradi , Adam Arlin , Alim Andi
Published: April 2023

The process of moving the National Capital in Panajam has had an impact on the original ethnicity that inhabits the location, in this case, the Paser ethnicity. These ethnic communities experience patterns of subalternity relations such as their settlement land and livelihood land are suddenly determined without their knowledge, are not involved in decision-making processes, they are prohibited from accessing the zero point and the Central Government Core Area, and are not given space to become local workers in the work of the State Capital projects. This pattern of subalternity relations then developed into a communal identity which became the basis for the spirit of this community to carry out struggles for emancipation. How this community defines itself as a subaltern is the formulation of the problem that will be answered by this research as well as a research objective. This research approach is based on a critical paradigm because the Paser ethnic community which is used as a research subject is in a cyborg position which requires the role of researchers as transformative intellectuals in helping them to get out of their problems. The research method used is a qualitative method with data collection in the form of interviews, FGDs, and observations, all of which are carried out in a participatory manner. The data were analyzed by finding patterns/themes of meaning and presented narratively. The results of the study found that the pattern of unequal relationships gave rise to collective anxiety and collective perceptions as a subordinated group. The conclusion of this study is the pattern of subaltern relations of the 4 dominant forces, namely the state, companies, dominant culture, and transmigrants, which makes them perceive their group as subordinate. The expected suggestion is that this community needs to continue to build awareness together to continue the struggle for the existence of culture and life while continuing to strive for community empowerment in the form of capacity building.
An Exploration of the Relationships Between Cognitive Style, Psychological Safety, and the Paradigm-Relatedness of Design Solutions in Engineering Design Teams in Education
Authors: Cole Courtney , Marhefka Jacqueline , Jablokow Kathryn , Mohammed Susan , Ritter Sarah , Miller Scarlett
Published: April 2023

Thomas Kuhn revolutionized how we think of scientific discovery and innovation when he identified that scientific change can occur on a continuum from incremental developments to drastic change in the form of a paradigm shift. In engineering design, both types of scientific change are critical when exploring the solution space. This study investigates this gap under a psychological safety lens through an empirical study with 64 engineering design student teams over the course of a 4- and 8-week design project. Specifically, we sought to identify the role of cognitive style using KAI scores, derived from Kirton’s Adaption-Innovation (A-I) theory, on the paradigm-relatedness of ideas generated by individuals and teams. Our results identify that cognitive style may not have a direct relationship to the paradigm of ideas an individual generates, or a team selects and develops. Similarly, both individual perceptions and team psychological safety do not predict the paradigm of ideas generated or selected in a team. The results instead identify that the availability of ideas in each paradigm is the primary driver for teams selecting a higher ratio of these ideas during concept screening. These results highlight that cognitive style at the individual and team levels may not be of paramount importance for developing paradigm-challenging ideas, and that teams should instead turn their focus to developing strategies to generate more ideas within the paradigm that fits best with the desired goals of the design tasks.
Validation of Broadband Noise Prediction Methodology Based on Linearized Navier–Stokes Analyses
Authors: Blázquez-Navarro Ricardo , Corral Roque
Published: April 2023

This article presents an integral validation of a synthetic turbulence broadband noise prediction methodology for fan/outlet-guide-vane (OGV) interaction. The test vehicle is the ACAT1 fan, a modern scaled-down fan, experimentally analyzed in 2018 within the TurboNoiseBB project. Three operating points, namely, Approach, Cutback, and Sideline, and two different rig configurations in terms of the axial gap between the fan and OGV are examined within this work. The methodology consists of using a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solver to model the fan wake and the use of two-dimensional frequency domain linearized Navier–Stokes simulations to resolve the acoustics, including quasi-3D corrections to obtain representative results. The RANS results with no ad hoc tuning are compared in detail against hotwire data to determine the degree of uncertainty incurred by this kind of approach. The predicted broadband noise spectra and noise azimuthal decompositions are compared against the experimental data. The spectral levels are well predicted despite an average underprediction of around 3dB. The noise azimuthal decompositions feature a remarkable agreement with the experiment, denoting accurate modeling of the main physics governing the problem. The impact of increasing the fan/OGV axial gap is quantified numerically for the first time. It is concluded that increasing the gap is detrimental for the broadband noise footprint, unlike intuitively could be expected. Overall, the presented broadband noise methodology yields robust broadband noise predictions at an industrially feasible cost and enables a deeper understanding of the problem.
Combination therapy for painful diabetic neuropathy is safe and effective
Authors: Saul Helen , Deeney Brendan , Imison Candace , Tesfaye Solomon
Published: April 2023

The study

Tesfaye S, Sloan G, Petrie J, et al. Comparison of amitriptyline supplemented with pregabalin, pregabalin supplemented with amitriptyline, and duloxetine supplemented with pregabalin for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (OPTION-DM): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised crossover trial.Lancet2022;400:680-90.

To read the full NIHR Alert, go to:https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/combination-therapy-for-painful-diabetic-neuropathy-is-safe-and-effective/
Ghrelin attenuates inflammation in diabetic lung disease by TLR4 pathway in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Liu Xiao-Yan , Wei Dong-Guang , Li Rong-Shan
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Diabetic lung disease is already known as one of the diabetes complications, but report on its therapeutic strategy is rare. The present study aimed to add novel therapeutic strategy for diabetic lung disease, to reveal the protective effect of ghrelin on diabetic lung disease both in vivo and in vitro, and to discuss its probable molecular mechanism.

Research design and methods

Diabetic mice and 16HBE cells were our research objects. We surveyed the effect of ghrelin on streptozotocin-induced lung tissue morphology changes by H&E staining. Furthermore, the changes of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) were detected by ELISA. To expound the molecular mechanism, we detected critical proteins of TLR4 pathway and observed their changes by immunohistochemistry (IHC), real-time PCR and western blot analysis in vivo and in vitro, respectively.

Results

The results of H&E staining showed that pathological alterations of the lung induced by hyperglycemia were ameliorated by ghrelin. The results of ELISA demonstrated that the elevated levels of IL-1β and TNF-α induced by hyperglycemia turned to decrease in the lung after ghrelin treatment. In the results of IHC, real-time PCR and western blot analysis, we found that the TLR4 pathway was elevated by hyperglycemia or high glucose and is remarkably inhibited by the treatment of ghrelin both in vivo and in vitro.

Conclusions

Ghrelin could inhibit inflammation of diabetic lung disease by regulating the TLR4 pathway. This study might affect research on diabetic lung disease, and the therapeutic potential of ghrelin for diabetic lung disease is worth considering.