bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On-yomi dan Kun-yomi pada Huruf Kanji
Authors: Monoarfa Stanly
Published: August 2023

There are three important things in studying Kanji letters in Japanese. These are the way of writing, the way of reading, and the meaning. Of these three things the way of reading Kanji is quite difficult to study due to the way of reading kanji is still subdivided into three parts: onyomi and kunyomi (the way of reading on and kun) The way of reading on is the way of reading kanji which is taken from Chinese . whereas the way of reading kun is a way of reading  originated from the Japanese itself. Generally, the way of reading on is the way of reading two letters or more which are combined into one and the result of this combination is a new word with the new meaning. The way of reading kun is not like that of on., however, it’s only a kanji that can stand alone which has its own meaning without combination The important things that we should study in reading on and kun in kanji letters are to know clearly the difference of the meaning of the new vocabulary either from the combined kanji or the kanji which is stand alone. It also helps us in translating a new vocabulary that arises when we are translating a sentence in a reading passage. We can also understand clearly how to use Kanji dictionary and to know the new vocabulary that arises from each sentence that we are translating. To know when the kanji letters is red in on way and when to read it in kun way, the following are the things that we need to study.
Penyuluhan dan Pelatihan Pembuatan Jamu Sehat Pada Kelompok UMKM PKK Lingkungan VII Kelurahan Malendeng Manado
Authors: Fatimawali Fatimawali , Kepel Billy , Bodhi Widdhi , Manampiring Aaltje , Budiarso Fona , Yamlean Paulina , Tallei Trina
Published: August 2023

Indonesia kaya akan tanaman obat yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional. Obat tradisional merupakan warisan nenek moyang Indonesia yang diperoleh secara empiris, biasanya dibuat dalam bentuk minuman herbal Jamu. Sampai saat ini keberadaan jamu terus berkembang karena sebagian besar masyarakat mengkonsumsi jamu yang memberikan manfaat kesehatan baik untuk pencegahan dan pengobatan terhadap suatu penyakit maupun meningkatkan stamina tubuh. Tujuan penyuluhan dan pelatihan ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan kepada masyarakat melalui kelompok Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) dari Pembinaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga (PKK) Lingkungan VII Kelurahan Malendeng Manado tentang manfaat dan cara pembuatan jamu herbal yang dapat meningkatkan imunitas tubuh dan berdaya guna bisnis. Metode yang digunakan berupa penyuluhan kepada kelompok PKK tentang manfaat herbal yang dapat dibuat jamu seperti temulawak, jahe, kunyit, sereh dan jeruk nipis dalam meningkatkan imunitas tubuh, dilanjutkan dengan pelatihan pembuatan jamu herbal kepada kelompok UMKM. Hasil penyuluhan dan pelatihan dapat menambah pengetahuan kelompok UMKM PKK tentang manfaat jamu herbal dan cara pembuatannya yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai usaha kelompok.
Edukasi Pengendalian Lalat Penyebar Penyakit Pada Peternak Babi Tangkoko Bitung Sulawesi Utara Bitung Provinsi Sulawesi Utara
Authors: Nangoy Meis , Onibala Jane , Kawatu Martha , Lapian Hapry , Laatung Sylvia , Koneri Roni , Sompie Florencia
Published: August 2023

Pig farmers in Batuputih Tangkoko Village generally raise pigs in cages made of wood or live plants, without a roof, or left loose in the yard. Limited levels of education and knowledge mean that they are unable to handle sanitation management. Therefore, the Sam Ratulangi University Faculty of Animal Husbandry Team, through the cluster 2 community partnership program, carried out educational activities to control flies that spread disease in this village. This activity was carried out for 6 months in Batuputih Tangkoko Village using the Focus group discussion method, lectures and practice. Focus group discussions are conducted to explore the potential of breeders. The lecture was conducted to provide knowledge about fly bioecology. The lecture was held at the village head's house. The practice was carried out at the farm site and divided into two topics, namely the practice of identifying types of flies and controlling flies using fly traps. A total of 10 pig farmers and 10 government officials were given knowledge about fly bioecology and its control using traps and sanitation practices. Regular mentoring activities are needed so that the level of concern for the community in this village in preventing the spread of disease is high and they behave cleanly and live a healthy life.
Precise 3D profile determination of high aspect ratio hole patterns by transmission small-angle X-ray scattering
Authors: Suenaga Rieko , Ito Yoshiyasu , Goto Takumi , Omote Kazuhiko
Published: August 2023

The etching process of high aspect ratio (HAR) hole patterns on a wafer surface is a key step for fabricating new-generation semiconductor memory devices with vertically stacked structures. As the stacking number of these memory devices increases, it is getting more challenging to maintain the ideal etching profile of HAR holes. Therefore, detailed profile evaluation of these HAR holes is increasingly important. In this study, we have measured 4.2 μm deep holes by transmission small-angle X-ray scattering (T-SAXS) to determine the precise three-dimensional (3D) hole profile. By applying an improved 3D shape model for a hole, we successfully determined a hole profile whose cross-section parallel to the sample surface changes from elliptical to rectangular along its depth. This 3D profile measurement demonstrated that T-SAXS has sufficient sensitivity to evaluate a cross-sectional shape change along the depth of HAR holes.
Trends of development of Azerbaijan’s banking sector
Authors: Garaeva M. I.
Published: August 2023

Aim. To identify new trends in the development of the banking sector of Azerbaijan, one of the key links in the national economy of the country, based on the analysis of its condition in the last five years.

Tasks. To analyse the mandate of the Central Bank of Azerbaijan (CBA), the structure of the country’s banking market, the level of banks’ capitalisation; to sum up the results of the analysis; to formulate proposals for improving the situation.

Methods. The study relies on a systematic approach to solving the set tasks. The article presents different points of view of authors and analysts regarding reforms in the banking sector of Azerbaijan. The dialectical approach to the analysis of the main phenomena and regularities, as well as the systematic approach to the disclosure of the key factors of development of the national banking sector of the country served as the methodological basis of the study.

Results. The main trends in the development of the banking sector of Azerbaijan were analysed, its current state was assessed, and the mandate of the CBA was determined. The research shows that the growth of the banking market, new trends in the expansion of banking services create significant qualitative changes in this market. During the year, the banking sector as a whole showed resistance to exogenous shocks.

Conclusions. In the banking business of Azerbaijan, one of the special tendencies manifested in the activity of the banking services market is technological improvement and expansion of application of modern automatic systems. The analysis showed that in recent years, despite the growth of current expenses in the activity of banks, the most modern and productive communication technologies replacing labour-intensive processes are introduced. The mandate of the CBA was focused mainly on monetary policy, ensuring regulation and development of interbank centralised and other unlicensed payment systems. Monetary policy implemented by the CBA has been aimed at mitigating inflationary pressures. Although high global inflation remains risky in the context of uncertainty due to the global geopolitical and geo-economic situation, the accelerated recovery of economic growth, the country’s trade surplus and the increase in strategic foreign exchange reserves allow the macroeconomic environment of the financial system to remain stable.
Self and counterfeit consumption in emerging markets
Authors:   Faculty of Business Studies, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, Tanha Moutusi , Mahumd Akib ,   Faculty of Business Studies, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, Sultana Mahfuza ,   Faculty of Business Studies, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, Chakma Tozim ,   Faculty of Business Studies, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, Hassan Emam Mehede ,   Faculty of Business Studies, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, Mabud Sajid A. ,   Faculty of Business Studies, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, Razon Md. Ferdous Rahman ,   Faculty of Business Studies, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, parvez Sheikh Shahanewaz ,   Faculty of Business Studies, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, Joy Azmol Hossain ,   Faculty of Business Studies, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
Published: August 2023

urpose: This research has focused on independent and interdependent self-concepts of fake self & pretentious consumption in counterfeit consumption. In this research role of self in the case of fake consumption in the emerging market of Bangladesh has been revealed Research methodology: For this study, qualitative research has been undertaken. Ethnographic and netnographic approaches have been used. Twenty in-depth interviews were conducted with the participants. The participants were approximately equal as far as gender was concerned. The participants were between 20-35 years old; 80% were students, and 20% were employed. The snowball sampling technique was used for sample selection. Participants were selected for the final interview after the initial screening to know the pattern of their behavior, preferences, and experience with counterfeit & luxury brands. The Facebook profiles of these participants were studied to find photos, posts, shares, and preferences for counterfeit and luxury brands. Results: The results reveal that consumers feel their missing self, which means they understand they don't have appropriate possessions, and the extended self means a self that is created by external objects, some particular possessions considered as a part of them. As a result, they try to show their imaginary self, which means they try to copy others, but when they fail, they start to show their fake self through counterfeit consumption. Limitations: The research is conducted within Bangladesh only. Contribution: This research has focused on the patrons of the emerging market of Bangladesh. Findings have been revealed through a projective technique using word and picture associations. The iterative hermeneutic method has been used for data analysis. The research results conclude that variation in self affects the inauthentic consumption behaviors of patrons in the emerging market of Bangladesh.
The impact of User-Characteristics and Organizational-Characteristics on End-user Satisfaction with Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems
Authors:   Department of Accounting, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka, Seneviratne S M Chaturika , Colombage Lashini ,   Department of Accounting, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
Published: August 2023

Purpose: This study aims to examine characteristics that influence end-user satisfaction with ERP systems within the Sri Lankan context to understand what critical factors should be considered in the ERP decision-making processes. Research methodology: Data collection is conducted through an online questionnaire targeting end-users of ERP systems belonging to various industries. Results: The study found a significant relationship between five user characteristics and end-user satisfaction, as well as the significance of usability to end-user satisfaction. Minimal memory load was found to have no significant relationship with end-user satisfaction. In terms of organisational characteristics, user training and top-management support had a significant influence on end-user satisfaction as well. Limitations: Since this study is on ERP systems such as SAP, IFS, and Oracle with a high industry focus, organisations that do not use commercial ERP systems are not considered particularly public-sector organizations. Contributions: Although previous studies emphasised various factors that contributed to implementation failures, those factors have not been given importance to end-user satisfaction or the success of an ERP system. Within the Sri Lankan context, ERP implementations are still in the early stages, so it would be very useful to understand the factors that affect user satisfaction with such systems. Novelty: The findings identify what factors ERP vendors can focus on when making changes to their commercial products and give managers an idea of what factors they should consider when choosing the right ERP system for an organization.
Analysis of the potential implementation of Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA) in muslim fashion SMEs Y
Authors:   Faculty of Economics and Business, Indonesia University, Indonesia, Pranata M. Wahyudi , Adhariani Desi ,   Faculty of Economics and Business, Indonesia University, Indonesia
Published: August 2023

Purpose: Conducting analysis on the current inventory control and proposing suggestions and improvements related to inventory control in SMEs Y using the Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA) approach. Research methodology: This research adopts a case study approach with research methods including observation, document analysis and interviews. Results: Based on the summation of raw material costs, energy costs, and system costs, the total allocation of product costs and allocation of material loss costs can be calculated. In the cost flow matrix, it is concluded that the company experiences a material loss of 7.5%. In fact, every production stage generates waste, and although the percentage of material loss may not always be significant, by reducing that percentage, the company can enhance the cost efficiency of its production. Limitations: The focus on manufactured firms especially SMEs Y limits the generalizability of the study findings to other sectors of the economy and scalability. Contributions: The results of this study can be used as a consideration in formulating policies related to the management of fashion raw material inventory in Indonesia, particularly for other SMEs in managing their inventory and if they intend to implement Material Cost Flow Accounting in their production processes.
„GRAMMATIK SELBST ENTDECKEN" — MERKMALE UND VORTEILE DES LERNENS DER DEUTSCHEN GRAMMATIK FÜR KINDER IM GRUNDSCHULALTER
Authors: TAJIBAYEVA Dilbar
Published: August 2023

Das frühe Erlernen von Fremdsprachen leistet einen wichtigen Beitrag zur allgemeinen Entwicklung des Lernenden und trägt somit zur Entwicklung seiner emotionalen, kreativen, sozialen, kognitiven und sprachlichen Fähigkeiten bei. In diesem Artikel werden Fragen des frühen Lernens von Fremdsprachen, insbesondere Deutsch, untersucht, die Sprachkenntnisse von Kindern im Vorschul- und Grundschulalter analysiert und die Vorteile des Lernens der deutschen Grammatik anhand des Ansatzes «Grammatik entdecken» beschrieben. Die Autorin der Studie gibt auch Empfehlungen für die Anwendung dieses Ansatzes nach dem durchgeführten Praxiserkundungsprojekt im Rahmen des DLL-Weiterbildungsprogramms „Deutsch lehren lernen“.
VALIDITY OF MENTZER INDEX AS A SCREENING TOOL FOR β-THALASSEMIA
Authors: C K Prafulkumar , P Bommanahalli Basavaraj , S Aramani Shakunthala , S Sushmitha
Published: August 2023

Hemoglobinopathies are most common monogenic hereditary disorders. β-thalassemias and their interaction with hemoglobin E (Hb E) and hemoglobin S (Hb S) are a considerable health problem in India. Hemoglobinopathies are diagnosed by HPLC based on the fractions of normal and aberrant hemoglobin variants. It is a costly setup and available in only few referral centers. To assess predictive value of Mentzer index Objectives: in identication of thalassemia. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Material And Methods: the GIMS, Gadag from December 2020 to may 2022. A total number of 1070 patients with anemia were included in present study. In the present st Results: udy the mean age of patients with anemia was 25.8 years. 80.8% were females and 19.2% were males. 95.2% of patients with anemia showed absence of abnormal hemoglobin variant and 2.4% of the patients had BTT, 2.9% of other hemoglobinopathies. Hemoglobinopathies Conclusion: are public health issues and can have patients from pediatric/adolescent to adult care. HPLC is the gold standard to quantify normal and aberrant hemoglobin fractions. Various discriminant indices add value in identifying the patients with anemia in whom HPLC is indicated for detection of hemoglobinopathies.
EFFICACY OF LUMBAR TRANSFORAMINAL EPIDURAL STEROID INJECTION IN CASE OF LUMBAR HERNIATED DISC WITH RADICULOPATHY
Authors: Bhosale Sunil , Agrawal Harsh , Naseem Atif
Published: August 2023

Introduction- Low back pain with radiculopathy to lower limb are common conditions. It has been studied that most people experience neck and back pain at least once in their lifetime. Transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) under uoroscopic guidance is becoming very effective therapy in mild to moderate grades of lumbar herniated disc. Patients fullli Methods- ng the inclusion and exclusion criteria were explained about the procedure and valid consent was taken. 1 mL of 2% lignocaine + 1 mL of 40 mg triamcinolone acetate is administered through Kambins triangle approach under uoroscopy guidance. Numeric rating score was used to assess the efcacy of transforaminal steroid injection by using a questionnaire. A total 49 patients underwent a follow up of 6 weeks. In our study the Results- success rate is 77.6%. Patients having only radiculopathy without associated back pain have a better outcome. MRI changes with Prrmann grade 3 has better prognostic outcome. Conclusion- The study has come to conclude that single dose of transforaminal epidural steroid injection in appropriately selected patients can give pain relief which is statistically signicant. The onset of action is almost instantaneous with no severe adverse effects. The uoroscopic guidance gives anatomic landmarks for precise local delivery of drug. This technique increases local drug concentration at site of pathology and help reduce their systemic side effects.
New Scenopinidae (Diptera) from Nigeria
Authors: KELSEY L.P.
Published: August 2023

The six new species of scenopinids described and the new record noted bring to eleven the known Scenopinidae from Nigeria. Four of the new species belong to the genus Scenopinus, the fifth to the genus Metatrichia and the sixth to the genus Seguya. The new record is Prepseudatrichia mateui Kelsey, previously reported to the North and West. Keys are provided for he identification of Nigerian species of Scenopinidae.
The pattern of tsetse catches within 1973-1983 at Abuja, Niger State, Nigeria
Authors: OFFOR I.I. , NLUMANZE S.E.
Published: August 2023

This paper reports the catches of tsetse at Abuja out-station between 1973 and 1983 for the insectary at the Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research (NITR) Kaduna, Nigeria. A study of the number of catches over these years has helped to produce the distribution curve showing the period of availability of both adult flies and the puparia. The adults, of which the males were more often in number, were abundant during the wet season with peak collection in June/July while the puparia were abundant in the dry season with peak collection in February. The presence of tsetse within the new Federal capital territory poses a threat to the local population.
The Difficulties of the Students of IAI As’adiyah Sengkang in Mastering English
Authors: Bunyamin Bunyamin
Published: August 2023

This research objective is to describe the difficulties of the students in mastering English Preliminary observations in IAI As’adiyah Sengkang indicate that the English ability of the students is varied. The researcher limited this research in the second semester students of English Education Program of IAI As’adiyah Sengkang as participants of the research. The researcher focused in the difficulties of the students in mastering English. There are Two Difficulties discussed. They are the difficulties of the students in speaking and the difficulties of students in grammar. The researcher used descriptive qualitative research in this research. The technique of collecting the data in this research is in the form of interviews. The interviews provided questions that on the difficulties of students in mastering English. Interview is the technique in getting evidence deeply to students. The result of the research proves that most of the students in the second semester of English education program of IAI As’adiyah Sengkang liked learning English. They have many reasons why they like learning English. Besides that, they consider that English speaking is difficult to be learnt. They have two main problems. Those are pronunciation and vocabulary. Most of students also have problems in learning grammar. They are difficult to understand the formula of the structure. They also have problems in understanding the tenses.
Selectief mutisme en autisme: een verkenning en aanbevelingen voor de praktijk
Authors: de Jonge Maretha , Spruijt Andrea
Published: August 2023

In recent years, the clinical view on selective mutism has shifted from willful silence in specific situations and with specific persons, to being anxious to communicate in social situations. These social communication difficulties make it challenging for clinicians to distinguish selective mutism from autism. Historically, selective mutism and autism could not be formally classifi ed side by side. Currently, however, there is a debate about whether these classifications can co-occur. This raises questions for clinical practice, such as what this means for the diagnostic and treatment process. In this review we will discuss these issues based on recent literature, and we will provide clinicians with recommendations for clinical practice.
Identiteitsontwikkeling bij autisme
Authors: de Graaff Benjamin , Alma Manna A. , Stoffels Arie J. , Sloot Louis , Jagersma Gabrine , Mandemaker Henri , van der Weide Klaske , Michel Tammo , Beskers Theo , Verhoeven Elisabeth W. , Vogelezang Marieke W. , Landsman Jeanet , Greaves-Lord Kirstin
Published: August 2023

Problems with identity development probably aff ect wellbeing in autistic people through camouflaging behavior and associations with self-concept, self-acceptance and meaning of life. To improve our understanding of the process of identity development within autistic people, interviews were conducted with n=14 participants. Participants narrated about how their conceptualization of their ‘self’ had evolved over time, the challenges of subsequently authentically presenting this ‘self' in social settings, the necessities and requirements for fitting in, and their search for meaning. Potential avenues to aid identity development in autistic people include: facilitating learning opportunities, regarding autism as a positive social identity, asserting one’s authentic ‘self’ as a result of mutual trust, and taking concrete actions towards self-realisation. In a follow-up project, these avenues will be combined into an integrated approach bringing together initiatives that aid identity development in autistic/neurodivergent people.
جمالية توظيف المصطلحات العلمية و التلاعب بالألفاظ و الأحرف في ديوان ابن نباتة المصري
Authors: کرمي أحمد , الحسیني سید محمود , نیسي أیاد
Published: August 2023

عاش ابن نباتة في عصر خيم استخدام المحسنات البديعية و زخرفة الألفاظ و تنميق الكلام علي الأدب عامّة و علي الشعر خاصة. فأكثر الشعراء من المحسنّات البديعية بفرعيها في نتاجاتهم و أصبح اللجوء إلي الصّناعة و التّكلف وسمة بارزة في أدب هذا العصر و مضماراً بعيد الشَّوط لِإبراز المقدرة الأدبية و الغزارة اللغوية بين الشعراء و الأُدباء. و لم يكن ابن نباتة المصري بمنأي عن هذه النزعة. و إنّما سايرها و عالجها و أولع بها لتصبح طابعاً مميزاً لشعره. فنراه تارة يميل إلي المحسنات المعنوية و يسرف في استخدامها في شعره و تارة أُخري تستهويه المُحسناتُ اللفظية فيوظفّها توظيفاً يطغي علي بعض شعره و نتعرض له مرّةً فنراه يتلاعب بالألفاظ و الحروف، يفصل بينها و يقطّعها تارة و يرّخمها أُخري لينتج منها ألفاظاً جديدة يثري بها نتاجه الشعري، و ليكون مظهراً لسعة اطّلاعه اللغوي و مرونته في تصريف الألفاظ و تقليبها و التّلاعب بها. و قد نراه في غير قليلٍ من قصائدِهِ يميل إلي المصطلحات اللغوية و يستعير منها مادته الشعرية للتعبير عن هواجسه و ما يختلج في صدره من عواطف و آلام، و لتلوين المعني أو إيراده بطريقة جديدة تجعل القارئ يتوقف قليلاً للوقوف علي مراد الشّاعر. و لا يخفي علي القارئ أنّ دراسة هذه المصطلحات تميط اللثام عن بعض خبايا أفكاره و آرائه كما تكشف عن سعة إلمامه بالعلوم الّتي وظّف مصطلحاتها في شعره، و تبين كيف استطاع الشاعر أن يوظّف قواعد اللغة و خاصة النحو لتكثير المعاني و توليدها من المعاني القديمة و خلقِ الصور الشعرية. فمن هنا يتوقف هذا البحث عند توظيف المصطلحات في شعره تركيزاً علي النّحوية و الصّرفيه منها و كذلك تلاعبه بالأحرف و الألفاظ.
دراسة في المعاجم الفارسية ـ العربية تركيزا على المعجم الفارسي الكبير لإبراهيم الدسوقي شتا
Authors: فشارکي محسن , حسنعليان سمية
Published: August 2023

قد ألحت ضرورة تعليم ونقل المفاهيم والمعاني من لغة إلي لغة أخري تدوين المعاجم الثنائية اللغة، وبما أن هذا الأمر يتعلق أحيانا بلغتين تنتميان إلي أسر لغوية مختلفة فيقتضي الدقة البالغة ويواجه المشاكل والصعوبات التي لا بد منها. وعلى المعجمي أن يكون متقنا في اللغتين وخبيرا بالمناهج الخاصة لتأليف المعجم وإستراتيجيات كتابته، وعالما بالنظريات اللغوية لإنتاج معجمات أفضل، لأن صناعة ‌المعجم (Lexicography) تندرج تحت علم اللغة التطبيقي؛ إذ يهتم بالجانب العلمي للغة إلي جانب فروع اللسانيات التطبيقية مثل المصطلحية، علم اللغة الآلي، علم اللغة النفسي و... وكذلك أن هذا العلم يرتبط بعلوم شتي كعلم الدلالة، والنحو، والصرف، والأدب و.. وعدم الاهتمام بمثل هذه القضايا قد يؤدي إلي نواقص في المعاجم ويجعل تيار البحث يسير بطيئا.

من هذا المنطلق ونظرا لأهمية المعاجم في تعليم اللغة لغير الناطقين بها فيستهدف هذا البحث إلي دراسة أحد المعاجم الفارسية العربية المعنون بالمعجم الفارسي الكبير لإبراهيم دسوقي شتا دراسة نقدية مشيرا إلي أهم العيوب التي تخللت هذا المعجم القيم.
دور الريادة والتفكير الريادي في تعزيز جودة الخدمة المصرفية : دراسة استطلاعية على عينة من مسؤولي مصارف القطاع الخاص العراقي في محافظة النجف الاشرف
Authors: جاسم ارشد
Published: August 2023

يعد التفكير الريادي من المواضيع التي لاقت ولازالت تلاقي اهمالاً على مر الزمن في منظماتنا ، على الرغم من دوره الفاعل في إظهار التفوق في الأداء لكافة القوى العاملة في المنظمات بما فيها المدراء والقادة بشكل خاص ، ولا بد من أن يكون لذلك الأداء اثراً إيجابياً يعود بالنفع العام على حياة المنظمة واستمراريتها في بيئة يسودها التغير والتطور المتسارع الذي يفرض عليها أن تتكيف وتستجيب لتلك التغيرات بما يضمن تلبية حاجات الزبائن و رضاهم على أحسن وجه . ومن الجدير بالذكر أن الجودة تعد من أحد الاسبقيات التنافسية التي أضحت منظمات الأعمال بإعطائها الأولوية في أعمالها كونها تعد مدخلاً معاصراً تتبناه كفلسفة إدارية ومنهج علمي سواء كانت تلك المنظمات إنتاجية أو خدمية على حد سواء ، فالمنظمات الخدمية بصورة عامة والمصرفية بصورة خاصة تحتاج إلى التوجه نحو الجودة أي تصميم خدماتها بصورة متميزة لما افرزته الجودة من مؤشرات إيجابية في أداء عمل المنظمات وبقائها ونموها , لذلك فقد ركزت الدراسة على موضوع الريادة وبالأخص في مجال التفكير ضمن طاقات الفرد وقدراته ، فقد تم اعتماد المتغير التابع «جودة الخدمة المصرفية» التي تمثل الرمز (Xllb) ، واختيار المتغير المستقل «التفكير الريادي» والذي يرمز له (Xlla) والذي نصت عليه فرضيات الدراسة . وقد تم التعرف على آراء عينة الدراسة حولهما من خلال الخيارات المدرجة لكل منهما . شملت الدراسة أربعة فقرات رئيسية : تضمنت الأولى منهجية الدراسة ، فيما عرضت الثانية الإطار النظري الذي شمل كل من الريادة والتفكير الريادي وجودة الخدمة المصرفية ، في حين شكلت الثالثة الإطار التطبيقي للدراسة ، وأخيراً جاءت الفقرة الرابعة بالاستنتاجات وأهم التوصيات .
مفهوم الجهاد في مدرسة أهل البيت ((عليهم السلام))
Authors: النصيري كاظم
Published: August 2023

أهمية بحث مفهوم الجهاد في مدرسة أهل البيت (عليهم السلام).

ان عنصر الجهاد لا يتحقق الا بالاهتمام والتركيز على المنهج والاسلوب من سيرة هؤلاء العظماء (عليهم السلام). 

ونجد في مدرسة أهل البيت (g) انه لا تعارض بين العلم والجهاد ، بل هناك  (g) تأكيد على وجوب التعليم للعلم ونشر الدين بين العباد والامر بالمعروف والنهي عن المنكر.

ويعتبر الجهاد من فروع الدين ووجوبه ثابت بالضرورة الدينية عند جميع المسلمين، وهو جهاد العدو الظاهر ببذل النفس والمال في جهاد الاعداء والبغاة لإقامة شعائر الدين، بالإضافة الى بيان فضل المجاهدين في الدنيا والاخرة .

وقد كانت اغلب الحروب والغزوات التي قام بها النبي (9) دفاعية من اجل الدفاع عن بيضة الاسلام وحياة المسلمين، فان مثل غزوة (بدر، احد ، والاحزاب) كانت لدفع الحملات واطفاء نيران الفتن واحباط المؤامرات التي يشعلها ويحيكها اعداء الدين للقضاء عليه واستئصال جذوره وهدم بنيانه. وتضمن البحث ثلاثة مطالب رئيسية تتعلق بالجهاد في السنة المشرفة وشروط
فتوى الجهاد الكفائي وتأثيرها في مكافحة الإرهاب وانعكاسها في دعم أسس الدولة المدنية
Authors: الطاهر محمد , سلمان حيدر
Published: August 2023

تهدف الدراسة للتعرف على دور فتوى الجهاد الكفائي للمرجعية الدينية العليا في تمكين قوى الامن العراقية وتأثيرها في مكافحة الإرهاب الذي تنامى بشكل فاعل في عام 2014، من خلال اجراء دراسة تحليلية ونقدية. إذ تتركز مشكلة الدراسة الرئيسة بـــ "هل ان انخفاض مستوى الإرهاب المحلي ناتج عن تأثير فتوى الجهاد الكفائي للمرجعية الدينية؟"

ان أهمية الدراسة تأتي من خلال تسليطها الضوء على متغيرين مُهمين بالنسبة للمهتمين في هذا الصدد وهما (فتوى الجهاد الكفائي والإرهاب). اذ تعد دراسة تلك المتغيرات من الضروريات الملحة في تعزيز قوة واقدام أجهزة الامن العراقية في جميع مفاصلها. ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة اعتمد الباحثين على اجراء التحليل النقدي والموضوعي للمتغيرات أعلاه محاولين التوصل الى علاقة التأثير من عدمه لمتغيري الدراسة، آخذين بنظر الاعتبار آراء أصحاب العلاقة من القيادات العسكرية من خلال بعض المقابلات الشخصية فضلا عن الجهات الدينية المختصة.

وخرجت الدراسة بعدة استنتاجات كان أهمها، بيان الدور الايجابي لفتوى الجهاد الكفائي للمرجعية الدينية وانعكاسها في دعم الأجهزة الامنية التي انعكست بشكل مباشر في مكافحة الإرهاب وإرساء أسس الدولة المدنية خدمةً للصالح العام. ويعتقد الباحثون ان متغيرات الدراسة وابعادها الفرعية رغم النتائج التي توصل اليها، هي بحاجة الى المزيد من الجهود البحثية لتقليص وردم الفجوة المعرفية المتعلقة بقضايا الإرهاب والتطرف المحلي والدولي على حدا سواء.
التوجهات الفكرية الحاكمة عند المرجعية الدينية وأثرها في تكوين الحشد الشعبي دراسة في فلسفة البناء الفكري
Authors: العلاق حسن
Published: August 2023

يكاد العمل الفكري في العراق يترابط بشكلٍ كُلي وفاعل مع تاريخ نشوءِ هذه الدولة حتى يبدو إنه يُشكل المحور الفاعل في بنيتها الفكرية وبالأخص بين أطراف المسافة الزمنية الممتدة بين لحظة التأسيس ولحظات التحولات الفكرية والسياسية المتتابعة.    فما بين تلك اللحظات يمتد زمن من الصيرورة اللامتناهية منَ العقل الفكري والسياسي والتوجهات المتعددة الأنماط والحالات والأزمات المزمنة التي يُصنف إهمالها ضمن مقولات الحساسية في التعاطي مع تاريخ العمل الفكري وحاضرهِ.

من جانب آخر، فأنَ الواقع السياسي الذي شهدهُ العراق بعد عام 2003 لم يكن ليحظى بظروف التعايش الملائمة للسلم والاستقرار. بل إنَ البناء التعددي المطروح للتداول أخذ  يشهد نوعاً من النكوص والارتكاز على هويات فرعية بدلاً من الانفتاح على تمثيل أوسع ما بين المكونات فقد أظهرت الأدبيات الثقافية المعاصرة من الناحية الديمغرافية أن العراق مجالاً خصباً لاختيار مشاريع التقسيم على أساس تقرير مصير تلك الهويات الفرعية. وأن ذلك لم يكن ليتم لولا الاستناد على جذور ثقافية وفكرية تستهدف الأقصاء. الأمر الذي جعله أثراً ونتيجة حاكمة في صياغة المشهد السياسي العراقي بعد عام 2003. وهو ما أدى الى صعود طبقات سياسية واجتماعية ذات هويات استبعادية والتي غالباً ما شكلت أداة للكراهية بدلاً من التعايش السلمي.

ونتيجة لذلك، فكأن الذي حصل بعد عام 2003 لم يكن تحولاً بنيوياً في مفهوم الحكم والادارة وبناء الهوية الوطنية، ولم يكن الحدث العالمي الذي غير خارطة الواقع العراقي في ذلك العام قد أخذ يُرسم خريطة فكرية وسياسية تجب الخريطة التي قبلها، لذلك امتد الصراع بين الاتجاهات الفكرية والسياسية وكأنه صراعٌ على النماذج المطروحة، وصراعٌ بين الخرائط القديمة والجديدة فتعسر عند ذلك إيجاد مثل ذلك التوافق في الاتجاهات الرئيسية. فثمة مهزوم ومنتصر قد تواجها في المعادلة الفكرية والسياسية العراقية، وثمة تمكين وإزاحة أخذت تجري وعلى قاعدة من شعارات الديمقراطية في ضمن نظامٍ توافقي يصنع مشهدهُ الجميع.

لذلُك تصاعدت حدة الثقافات المتقاطعة، وتعاظم الميول نَحو المرجعيات السياسية والثقافية والاجتماعية في ظلِ امتلاك العديد من تلك المرجعيات جانباً تنظيماً مسلحاً.
مفهوم الشهادة من القيمة اللّغويّة إلى القيمة الجهادية دراسة توثيقيّة في سيرة شهداء الحشد الشعبيّ
Authors: طعمة حسن , مفتن غفران
Published: August 2023

يشتغل هذا البحث على مساحة مهمّة ومتميّزة من مساحات الدرس اللغويّ، إذ يحاول إعادة قراءة مفهوم الشهادة ودلالاته على وفق المعطيات الحديثة التي تتعلّق بسيرة شهداء الحشد الشعبيّ، فيسعى إلى تقديم صورة معاصرة عن تجليّات الشهادة من أجل الوطن عبر سيرة شهداء الحشد الشعبيّ ممّن استشهدوا في السنة الأولى لفتوى الجهاد الكفائيّ.

ومن هنا يأتي البحث في مسارين: المسار الأوّل يتكفّل بالكشف عن مفهوم الشهادة في البعد اللّغويّ المعجميّ، وفي السياق القرآنيّ، ثمّ يحاول تحديد الإطار الحديث لمفهوم الشهادة الذي أضفت فتوى الجهاد الكفائيّ بعدا مفهوميّا، وأمّا المسار الثاني فينطلق من مفهوم الشهادة إلى مقاربة سيرة بعض أبطال الحشد الشعبيّ على وفق المفاهيم المترسّخة في أذهانهم.
دور الحشد الشعبي في التصدي للإرهاب وحماية حقوق الانسان
Authors: الدفاعي محمد
Published: August 2023

يعد الحشد الشعبي من اهم الجيوش العقائدية التي تشكلت في العراق بعد احتلال عصابات داعش الارهابية لمساحات من الاراضي العراقية وجاء تأسيسه استنادا الى فتوى الجهاد الكفائي التي اطلقتها المرجعية بتاريخ 13/6/2014   

 ومن هنا  انبثق دور الحشد الشعبي الدور البارز في حماية حدود واراضي الدولة العراقية نتيجة لقيام عصبات الارهابية بخلق حالة من حالات الفزع والقلق لدى المواطنين اضافة  الى ذلك تدمير المؤسسات الحكومية   كما يعد الحشد الشعبي في العراق  عبارة عن قوات شبه عسكرية تعزز حضورها خلال مواجهة تنظيم الإرهابي في الموصل وغرب العراق و دعمه لقوات الجيش العراقي في حربه ضد تنظيم داعش، مع صيانه حق الانسان وكرامته حيث ان ارادة الحشد الشعبي سطرت اروع معاني البطولة والفداء من خلال ممارسات التي قام بها مقاتلين الحشد الشعبي  في الدفاع عن الاراضي العراقية ومقدساته لغاية تحقيق النصر على الارهاب وداعميه كونه ظاهرة الاجرامية خطيرة و اضافة الى الدور الذي قام فيه في ساحات القتال التزامه بمعايير حقوق الانسان وفق القانون الدولي لحقوق الانسان 0
فتوى الجهاد الكفائي حرب من أجل السلم
Authors: الخفاجي مجاهد
Published: August 2023

هذا البحث الموسوم بـ (فتوى الجهاد الكفائي حرب من أجل السلم) كُتب إلى مهرجان (فتوى الجهاد الكفائي في الذاكرة العراقية ) . ويشتمل على ثلاثة مباحث , الأولى:  الجهاد ,تعريفه , مفهومه لغة واصطلاحا , موجباته العامة في القرأن الكريم, فروعه , العلة منه , منهجيته .

والمبحث الثاني : تاريخ الجهاد عند أتباع أهل البيت : ذكر فتوى الجهاد السابقة في العصر الحديث . إما المبحث الثالث: فتوى الجهاد الكفائي , العوامل الأساسية لها , متابعتها , أبعادها , نتائجها.

أوضحنا في هذا البحث المواضيع المذكورة بعدة نقاط , وحاولنا أشباع البحث بالأدلة من خطب المرجعية الدينية العليا , ومن خلال ذلك بينا حرص السيد السيستاني أصدر فتواه من أجل السلم وانتشال البلد من الخطر الخارجي والداخلي , ثم كيف أوقد نار حب الوطن بين أبناءه ؟

ووصلنا بالاستنتاج إلى نتائج كان للفتوى الآثر الحاسم فيها كمنع مخطط تقسيم العراق , والدعوة للوحدة الوطنية ,فصلا عن ذلك ما اسشتملته الفتوى من قضايا إنسانية .

  ذكرنا في الهوامش بعض المصادر المعتمدة , والتعريف بالعلماء الذين أصدروا فتاوى الجهاد.

وينتهي البحث بذكر المصادر مع الخلاصة , وأسأل الله سبحانه وتعالى أن يحفظ المرجعية ويمد في عمره , ويرحم شهداء الفتوى من كافة القوات الأمنية , ويشافي الجرحى إنه سميع مجيب.
Sentence Versus Redemption and the ‘Spiritual World’ in Osiris Rising, Fragments, Why Are We So Blest? KMT: In the House of Life by Ayi Kwei Armah and Mama Day by Gloria Naylor
Authors: Tine Pierre Malick
Published: August 2023

This paper attempts to evaluate the different characteristics in the spiritual world that act on human destiny in blacks ‘cosmology in Ayi Kwei Armah and Gloria Naylor’s fiction while justifying the awareness of black intellectuals in their different approaches to sentence and redemption for African cultural revival. It also exposes black people facing acculturation phenomena and the deconstruction of the ancestral home. However, it argues that the achievement of the struggle for African cultural revival will be possible if they take the initiative in finding out specific strategies that would culturally, socially and politically reconnect black with their indigenous cultural reality. Some of these stratagems include good cultural references, rootedness, unity, teaming work, and rationality. To examine blacks’ spirituality in its double vocation of sentence and redemption, this study uses theories of anti-colonialists and Afro-centrists that advocate total liberation and empowerment of black people while assessing the issues of the disgrace of both African and African-American people. Similarly, the insights and commitment of thinkers like Afro-centrists are well considered as additional elements in this work. Ultimately, the novels contend that in African spirituality there is a divine will owed to the ancestors that have the mission of watching over their people and judging them in several ways when they are satisfied through rituals or recognition. As the authors of the three books suggest, the appreciation of ancestral legacy and cultural advancement is an effective means of ensuring blacks ‘social welfare in their communities and elsewhere.
Impact of International Trade on Economic Growth: Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Yakubu Sanusi , Isah Auwal , Kumo Abdulmajeed Bello
Published: August 2023

The paper investigates the impact of international trade on economic growth in Nigeria from 2000Q1- 2020Q4. The choice of the period was informed by the economic recessions which the country experienced within the period. The paper employed an autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) and error correction model (ECM) to estimate the short run and long run relationships among the series. The findings of the paper reveal that exports demand has significant and positive short run and long run relationship with economic growth, while imports demand and exchange rate volatility have short run and long run negative relationships with economic growth in Nigeria during the study period. The paper recommend that Nigerian government should intensify efforts towards expanding the country’s export based in order to improve its external competitiveness for the enhancement of the aggregate external demand and foreign exchange earnings that will mitigate the adverse effect of exchange rate volatility. By expanding the exports based, the country will likely reduce its import demand particularly in consumer goods thereby saving millions of dollars to boost the nation’s reserve which will attract more foreign investors that will boost the country’s economic activities to achieve higher and inclusive economic growth in the country.
The Concept of Law Enforcement of the Crime of Theft through a Restorative Justice Approach
Authors: Nugroho Fajar Seto , Mashdurohatun Anis , Bawono Bambang Tri , Wiwoho Jamal
Published: August 2023

This research is considered important because efforts to resolve general criminal cases in Indonesia through a restorative justice approach can be realized if a regulation of material criminal law can be substantively reconstructed to provide legal certainty for justice seekers in a restorative justice manner. There was a conflict between Das Sein and Das Sollen. There are three problems raised in this dissertation research, which are about how the concept of law enforcement for criminal acts of theft through a restorative justice approach. To analyze these problems used the social legal research method. The results of this study found that the restorative justice approach is to realize the implementation of restorative justice in the settlement of general crimes with substantive legal, progressive, efficient and just powers. Reconstruction of several articles consisting of formal and material laws and regulations as well as law enforcement implementing regulations including the Criminal Code, the Criminal Procedure Code, the Prosecutor's Office Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 15 of 2020 concerning Termination of Prosecution Based on Restorative Justice, Regulations Kapolri Number 14 of 2012 concerning Investigation Management, Kapolri Regulation Number 3 of 2015 concerning Community Policing. The concept of upholding the crime of theft through a restorative justice approach is to realize sentencing efficiency and a change in the sentencing paradigm. Looking at the phenomenon of the Indonesian judiciary which is very crowded from the accumulation of case files as an illustration of the large number of cases in this Republic, the condition of prisons that are over capacity, as well as the increasingly high state budget for financing legal proceedings.
Model of Narcotics Criminal Investigation Authority between BNN and Police of the Republic of Indonesia Based on Justice Value
Authors: Mulyadi Gusti , Mashdurohatun Anis , Soponyono Eko , Amin H. M. Ercham
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze and discover a new concept of the authority of the National Police and the National Narcotics Agency in investigating narcotics crimes based on justice. The approach method used in this research is social legal research. This research uses primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques through literature studies, interviews and questionnaires. The data collected was analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study found that the authority to investigate narcotics crimes regulated in Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics is not balanced between the BNN and the National Police. The model of authority to investigate narcotics crimes, especially in the investigation stage by adopting the Pancasila values of justice, so that there is equality between Polri investigators and BNN investigators. In addition to the reconstruction of values, it is also necessary to reconstruct the regulatory norms for investigating narcotics crimes so that they are based on Pancasila values of justice, namely the addition of the word Polri investigator in Article 75, Article 80, Article 86, Article 106, Article 107 of Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, and the elimination Article 108 of Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, so that there is equality of authority between Polri investigators and BNN investigators in investigating narcotics crimes.
Factors associated with pulmonary infection in kidney and kidney-pancreas transplant recipients: a case-control study
Authors: Meira de Faria1,2,3 Leonardo , Nobre2 Vandack , Ribeiro de Oliveira Guardão1 Letícia , Magalhães Souza1 Camila , Damasceno de Souza4 Amanda , dos Reis Estrella3,5 Deborah , Porto Pessoa1 Bruno , Amorim Corrêa2 Ricardo
Published: August 2023

Objective: To evaluate the etiology of and factors associated with pulmonary infection in kidney and kidney-pancreas transplant recipients. Methods: This was a single-center case-control study conducted between December of 2017 and March of 2020 at a referral center for kidney transplantation in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The case:control ratio was 1:1.8. Cases included kidney or kidney-pancreas transplant recipients hospitalized with pulmonary infection. Controls included kidney or kidney-pancreas transplant recipients without pulmonary infection and matched to cases for sex, age group, and donor type (living or deceased). Results: A total of 197 patients were included in the study. Of those, 70 were cases and 127 were controls. The mean age was 55 years (for cases) and 53 years (for controls), with a predominance of males. Corticosteroid use, bronchiectasis, and being overweight were associated with pulmonary infection risk in the multivariate logistic regression model. The most common etiologic agent of infection was cytomegalovirus (in 14.3% of the cases), followed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (in 10%), Histoplasma capsulatum (in 7.1%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (in 7.1%). Conclusions: Corticosteroid use, bronchiectasis, and being overweight appear to be risk factors for pulmonary infection in kidney/kidney-pancreas transplant recipients, endemic mycoses being prevalent in this population. Appropriate planning and follow-up play an important role in identifying kidney and kidney-pancreas transplant recipients at risk of pulmonary infection.
Rinoscopia como auxiliar no diagnóstico de criptococose felina: relato de caso
Authors: Macedo Erick Ewdrill Pereira de , Nogueira Marilia Alarcon , Baquiao Arianne Costa
Published: August 2023

Criptococose é uma micose sistêmica não contagiosa que acomete, principalmente, felinos. O agente etiológico é uma levedura do gênero Cryptococcus sp., e a sua transmissão ocorre por via aerógena, com a inalação dos esporos que se alojam, principalmente, na cavidade nasal e pulmão. A forma nasal é a mais comum em felinos e as suas manifestações clínicas incluem edema nasofacial, eritema e secreção nasal. O diagnóstico pode ser realizado por meio de cultivo micológico, citologia, histologia e reação em cadeia polimerase. Neste artigo, é apresentado o relato de caso de um felino diagnosticado com criptococose, no qual o diagnóstico de triagem foi realizado por meio de rinoscopia. No atendimento inicial, o animal apresentava hiporexia, reflexo de deglutição constante, engasgos, odor acentuado em região nasal e crepitações pulmonares com evolução de três meses. O diagnóstico foi realizado com o emprego de rinoscopia, que identificou massa interna na região da mucosa nasofaríngea, com posterior biópsia e exame anatomopatológico. Após a confirmação diagnóstica, o paciente foi medicado com itraconazol 10 mg/kg SID, por 5 meses, e teve a resolução de todos os sinais clínicos apresentados. A criptococose deve ser considerada como diagnóstico, diferencial de alterações do sistema respiratório em felinos e a rinoscopia pode ser um recurso diagnóstico importante para auxiliar na conclusão e reconhecimento da enfermidade.
Development of a Conceptual Model to Understand Disease Burden in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Organ Damage
Authors: Broderick Lynne , Chen Wen-Hung , Levy Roger , Mitchell Foster April , Umanzor Figueroa Cindy , Gairy Kerry , Chauhan Deven
Published: August 2023

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can lead to irreversible organ damage (OD). Data describing the patient burden of OD, as compared with SLE without OD, are limited. Objective: To develop a comprehensive conceptual model describing the burden experienced by patients living with SLE-associated OD. Methods: There were three phases to this qualitative study. First, a targeted literature review was conducted to inform a draft conceptual model. Second, key opinion leaders (KOLs) were interviewed to assess the draft conceptual model and help shape patient interview materials. Third, patients of different demographic backgrounds from across the United States were interviewed individually to gather their perspectives on living with SLE-associated OD. Data from concept elicitation interviews with KOLs and patients were coded and analyzed using NVivo software to identify the key concepts of the overall patient burden of SLE-associated OD. Findings from the KOL and patient interviews were used to finalize the conceptual model. Results: KOLs highlighted that SLE-associated OD carried a higher rate of mortality than SLE alone. Participants with SLE-associated OD (n = 40) experienced detrimental impacts across 4 areas of their lives: physical, cognitive, psychosocial functioning, and economic and work-related well-being. Physical impacts were described by all participants, often affecting their ability to perform everyday tasks. Many also described deterioration of cognitive functioning. Almost all participants experienced emotional impacts and challenges to their relationships and social lives resulting from living with SLE-associated OD. Additionally, SLE-associated OD imposed an economic burden including increased healthcare costs. SLE-associated OD had a more severe and debilitating impact on all aspects of the patient’s quality of life than SLE prior to OD development, including further limitations in activities of daily living after the development of OD. Discussion: Study findings guided the development of a comprehensive conceptual model that fully represents the patient experience of living with SLE-associated OD, highlighting the additional burden of OD when compared with SLE alone. Conclusions: The conceptual model will inform improvements in disease management, which may result in better patient outcomes and aid development of clinical outcome assessments of disease burden.