bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Consumer Associations with the Organization on Brand Loyalty: Considering the Role of Consumer Perception (Case Study: Tehran Tejarat Bank)
Authors: Gholami Afshar Mojgan , Moradi Hazarvand Ebrahim
Published: October 2024

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of consumer associations with the organization on consumer perception in Tejarat Bank, Tehran. The current research was applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-correlation in nature and quantitative in terms of data type. The statistical population of the study was all the customers of Tejarat Bank in Tehran, which were unlimited in number, and based on Cochran's sample size formula in unlimited population mode and multi-stage cluster sampling method, 384 people were selected as the sample size. In order to collect data from the standard questionnaires of Brown and Dassin's (1997) and Choi and Park (2011) organization associations, Moon et al.'s (2015) organizational brand loyalty, and Choi and Park's (2011) personal and social consumer self-concept and Swayaminathan et al. (2017) was used. In this research, content and construct validity were used to calculate validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to calculate reliability, and the results indicated the validity and reliability of the research questionnaires. Data analysis was done in two parts: descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, etc.) and inferential (structural equation modeling) through Amos software. The findings showed that the consumer's association with the organization (association of social responsibility (0.71) and association of the organization's ability (0.63)) has a positive effect on consumer perception, consumer perception (individual perception (0.58) and social perception). (0.46) has a positive effect on brand loyalty, and consumer associations with the organization (association of social responsibility (0.326) and organization ability association (0.363)) with the role of consumer perception have a positive effect on brand loyalty. Finally, it can be said that the research model had a good fit.
The Effect of Organizational Cynicism on Perceived Organizational Pride According to the Moderating Role of Demographic Variables of Gilan Oil Company Employees
Authors: Magholi Fariborz , Rudgarnezhad Forogh
Published: October 2024

The general purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of organizational cynicism on perceived organizational pride, considering the moderating role of demographic variables. The research method is descriptive and practical in terms of purpose. The method of field data collection and its tool is a standard questionnaire. The statistical population of the current research is the employees of Gilan province Oil company with a number of 264 people. The data was analyzed using SPSS22 and SMART PLS3 software. According to the obtained results, it was found that education and work experience moderates the relationship between organizational pessimism and perceived organizational pride, but no evidence was found to confirm the moderating role of gender in the relationship between these two variables. Also, the results showed that the dimensions of pessimism have a significant effect on the dimensions of organizational pride.
Examining the Impact of Organizational Democracy on the Citizenship Behavior of Employees in the Foundation for the Needy, with the Mediating role of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment
Authors: Khodabakhshi Nasrin
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to investigate the impact of organizational democracy on the organizational citizenship behavior of employees in the Foundation of the Oppressed, with job satisfaction and organizational commitment as mediating factors. Accordingly, the present research falls within the realm of applied research in terms of its objective, and correlational research based on structural equation modeling in terms of method and nature. The statistical population of the study comprised 391 employees of the Foundation of the Oppressed in Tehran in the year 2023. Using Morgan's table, a sample of 194 individuals was selected, and questionnaires were distributed among them through simple random sampling. The data collection instruments included the Padscaw Organizational Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire (2000), the Rahnavard Organizational Democracy Questionnaire (1380), the Kendall and Hulin Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (1969), and the Allen Meyer Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (1993). Data analysis, conducted using SPSS (version 22) and LISREL (version 3) software, revealed that organizational democracy had a significant impact on organizational citizenship behavior, both directly and through the mediating variables of job satisfaction and organizational commitment (p<0.05). Therefore, considering the importance of organizational democracy in shaping the organizational citizenship behavior of employees, the Foundation of the Oppressed in Tehran should pay special attention to this issue.
A Model for Developing a Roadmap for the Growth of Industrial Startups Using the Blue Ocean Strategy Approach
Authors: Naghibi Mirmahmoud , Valmohammadi Changiz , Fathi Hafshejani Kiamars , Modiri Mahmoud
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study aims to develop a roadmap for the growth of industrial startups using the Blue Ocean Strategy approach. Methodology: This research is applied in nature and descriptive-survey in method. Initially, information was gathered from literature reviews, field studies, and comparative analyses. Then, 19 experts and specialists in the field of industrial startups were interviewed, selected through purposive sampling, to extract the components and variables of this domain. The obtained indices were screened using the fuzzy Delphi method over three rounds. In the quantitative section, the statistical population included managers and stakeholders of industrial startups, with 60 individuals selected through simple random sampling and Cochran's formula. The final Delphi questionnaire was distributed among this sample. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by six startup experts with PhDs and at least five years of managerial experience in the field. Reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling and PLS software. Findings: The findings indicated that the derived indices were strongly validated. These indices included 38 indicators across 11 components and 5 dimensions, each playing a significant role in the development of industrial startups. Key components such as innovation, creativity, and the use of information technology and the internet showed a positive and significant impact on startup development. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that developing a roadmap for the growth of industrial startups using the Blue Ocean Strategy approach can significantly aid the growth and development of these businesses. Additionally, using this approach can reduce market competition and create new opportunities for startups. These findings underscore the importance of precise policymaking and effective support from both the government and the private sector to provide the necessary infrastructure for startup success.
Modeling the Effects of Volatility and Uncertainty in Psychological Errors on Collective Decision-Making of Investors in the Iranian Capital Market
Authors: Shojaei Ali , Ghiyasvand Alireza , Sefaty Farid
Published: October 2024

Objective: The aim of the present study is to model the effects of volatility and uncertainty in psychological errors on the collective decision-making of investors in the Iranian capital market. Methodology: To test the hypotheses, a sample consisting of 204 companies from those listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange was selected using the systematic elimination method over a 5-year period from 2018 to 2022. The research data were collected on a monthly basis with a panel data approach and were analyzed using three multiple linear regression models. These models were calculated using the Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (EGARCH) and Threshold Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (TGARCH) methods, with the help of Excel 2016 and Eviews13 software for statistical analysis. Findings: According to the results of the statistical tests of the research hypotheses, the volatility of the psychological error index and investors' trading behavior has a significant and negative impact on abnormal stock returns. Additionally, the volatility of the psychological error index has a significant and positive impact on the volume and frequency of abnormal stock trades. However, the volatility of investors' trading behavior has a significant and negative impact on the volume and frequency of abnormal stock trades. Conclusion: The results of the analysis of the EGARCH and TGARCH conditional heteroskedasticity models indicate asymmetry in the influence of collective investment decisions from past data and past volatility, which is consistent with the Prospect Theory that claims positive and negative returns have different effects on investor utility.
Proposing a Model for Nurses' Quality of Work Life: A Grounded Theory Approach
Authors: Kiyani Nahid , Esmaeilishad Behrang , Afrassiabi Roya
Published: October 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a model for the quality of work life (QWL) of nurses using a grounded theory approach. Methodology: The study employed a qualitative research method with a grounded theory design. The research sample included 24 nurses from treatment-educational hospitals in Mashhad, selected using snowball sampling until data saturation. Data were collected through in-depth, unstructured interviews and analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding. Findings: The study identified key causal conditions influencing QWL, including the provision of welfare services, participation, career advancement, improvement of environmental conditions, fostering a favorable culture, and organizational justice. Strategic factors such as fair treatment, efficient incentive systems, utilization of competencies, and valuing were also significant. The outcomes of improved QWL were categorized into job satisfaction, productivity, multipurpose use of space, and organizational commitment. Conclusion: The proposed model suggests that improving both causal and strategic factors can enhance the quality of work life for nurses, leading to greater job satisfaction, increased productivity, and stronger organizational commitment.
Identifying Factors Affecting Variety-Seeking Behavior of Customers in Online Retail Markets: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Soleymani Ali , Aghajani Mojtaba , Landaran Saeed
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study aims to identify the factors influencing variety-seeking behavior in customers of online retail markets. Methodology: This is a qualitative and applied study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 experts and experienced individuals in the field of online businesses and digital retail. Purposeful sampling was used to select participants, and the data were analyzed using grounded theory with open, axial, and selective coding. Maxqda software was employed for data analysis. Findings: The study revealed that factors such as the weaknesses of online businesses, marketing culture, competitor appeal, purchase motivation, and the desire to experience new products directly influence customers' variety-seeking behavior. Pricing strategies, online marketing, and customer loyalty were also found to play a crucial role in either reducing or increasing this behavior. Conclusion: Variety-seeking behavior in online retail markets is a complex phenomenon influenced by various factors. By improving service quality, creating a unique shopping experience, and utilizing targeted marketing strategies, online businesses can enhance customer loyalty and benefit from reduced variety-seeking behavior.
Investigating the Impact of Investor Sentiment and Liquidity on Stock Returns of the Iranian Stock Exchange
Authors: Eyshi Ravandi Mohsen , Moeinaddin Mahmoud , Taftiyan Akram , Rostami Bashmani Majid
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study investigates the impact of optimistic investor sentiment and stock liquidity on the stock returns of the Iranian stock exchange. The primary objective is to analyze how psychological and financial factors influence stock market performance. Methodology: The research utilizes monthly data on stock returns, investor sentiment, and liquidity from April 2013 to June 2022. Two methods, Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) and Robust Least Squares (RLS), were employed for data analysis. These methods allow researchers to precisely examine the longitudinal and robust relationships between the variables. Findings: The results indicate that optimistic investor sentiment has a positive and significant effect on stock returns, while illiquidity has a negative and significant impact on stock returns. These findings underscore the importance of managing market-related information and news to channel investor sentiment positively. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that proper management of investor sentiment and increased liquidity can improve stock returns and stabilize financial markets. It is recommended that stock market regulators and economic policymakers utilize these findings to enhance stock market performance through appropriate policy-making and implementation. Additionally, directing liquidity from parallel markets to the stock market can help control inflation and reduce price volatility.
Presentation of the Institutional Role Model in Developing Local Entrepreneurship Based on Outsourcing of Large Regional Companies Active in the Oil and Gas IndustryPresentation of the Institutional Role Model in Developing Local Entrepreneurship Based on Outsourcing of Large Regional Companies Active in the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Ehterami Vahid , Sadeghi Hossein
Published: October 2024

Objective: The aim of this study is to present a model of the institutional role in developing local entrepreneurship based on outsourcing large regional companies active in the oil and gas industry. Methodology: In the qualitative section of this research, theoretical sampling was used, and the opinions of 20 experts from Gachsaran Oil and Gas Company as well as academic experts were utilized. Additionally, in the quantitative section of the research, and based on the power analysis method, the opinions of 452 related experts were collected. The tools and methods for data analysis in the qualitative and quantitative sections were, respectively, interviews - grounded theory and questionnaires - structural equation modeling (PLS). Findings: The findings indicate that the paradigm model of the research includes internal causal factors and external factors; contextual conditions, including the government and national institutions, institutional entrepreneurship; intervening conditions, such as legal uncertainty, poor and unhealthy competitive performance, transparency in all outsourcing pillars; strategies, including reforms aligned with existing conditions and potential, local institutional capacity building, creating an environment for promoting productive local entrepreneurship, and creating local participation platforms for entrepreneurial development. Moreover, the consequences of the institutional role in developing local entrepreneurship through outsourcing large regional companies include the successful promotion of development-oriented policies, support for local activities, productive and sustainable employment, and sustainable and inclusive economic growth in the region. Conclusion: This research assists companies and institutions related to the oil and gas industries in gaining a deeper understanding of the institutional role in developing local entrepreneurship and in designing and implementing optimal strategies and approaches to enhance local entrepreneurship.
Compilation of the Job Competencies Model of the Parent Company Specialized in the Production and Development of Atomic Energy in Iran
Authors: Jafarzadeh Kochchi Ahmad , Beikzad Jafar , Ghorbani Saber
Published: October 2024

Objective: The aim of this study is to develop a competency model for jobs at the Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant, a subsidiary of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran. Methodology: This mixed-methods research utilized both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Initially, qualitative data were collected through library studies and thematic analysis. Based on this data, a questionnaire was designed to gather quantitative information, which was distributed among 90 employees and managers of the Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant. The collected data were then analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings: The results of the analysis showed that the proposed competency model had a good fit, with all structural paths being statistically significant. Both technical and managerial competencies played a crucial role in improving employee performance and safety. The model’s goodness-of-fit index was calculated at 0.413, indicating a strong fit. Conclusion: This study concluded that developing a multidimensional competency model, including technical, managerial, and communication skills, can lead to improved efficiency and safety in nuclear power plants. Implementing such models in recruitment, training, and employee evaluation processes can positively impact organizational productivity.
Providing a Comprehensive Framework for Human Resource Auditing in Line with Performance Evaluation
Authors: Adllaleh Mohamad , Moghadam Abolfazl , Mohammadi Nabiolah , Droudi Homa
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study aimed to propose a comprehensive framework for human resource auditing to assess organizational performance. Methodology: This applied research employed a qualitative, exploratory approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with experts and professionals in human resource management. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis, and the participants were selected through purposive sampling among senior managers and HR experts. Findings: The findings revealed the identification of three new levels for human resource auditing: the level of HR unit outcomes, the level of HR professionals and custodians, and the level of HR processes and activities. These levels were defined as subsets for operational auditing and contributed to a more precise evaluation of HR unit performance. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that human resource auditing can serve as a key tool in improving managerial processes and increasing organizational productivity. Additionally, the newly identified auditing levels in the proposed framework can help organizations evaluate HR unit performance more effectively and improve their management processes
Analysis of Corruption in the Managerial Elections of Sports Federations and Its Impact on Development Strategies
Authors: Rahpeyma Alireza , Naderinasab Mehdi , Nasiri Farsani Mokhtar
Published: October 2024

Objective: This article analyzes corruption in the managerial elections of Iran's sports federations and its impact on the development strategies of these organizations. Methodology: The research is descriptive-analytical and employs qualitative methods for an in-depth exploration of the topic. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with experts and sports managers, as well as a review of relevant literature and past studies. Data analysis was conducted using qualitative content analysis. Findings: The findings indicate that corruption in the managerial elections of sports federations significantly affects the allocation of resources and budgets, leading to reduced efficiency and effectiveness in executing development projects. Moreover, corruption diminishes the quality of athlete training and human resource development, weakening the performance and credibility of sports federations at national and international levels. Strengthening oversight institutions, enhancing transparency, and promoting an organizational culture based on ethics are identified as effective strategies for combating corruption. Conclusion: The research concludes that to combat corruption in Iran's sports federations and improve their management, it is essential to strengthen oversight institutions, increase transparency in electoral and managerial processes, and foster an organizational culture rooted in ethical and democratic principles. Additionally, the use of modern technologies such as blockchain could help reduce corruption and increase public trust.
Identification of Factors Influencing Organizational Silence and Its Impact on Managerial Decision-Making
Authors: Mohamadzadeh Neda , Mashali Behzad , Zolfaghari Zaferani Rashid
Published: October 2024

Objective: The present study aims to identify the factors influencing organizational silence and its impact on managerial decision-making. Methodology: This applied research was conducted using a sequential exploratory mixed-methods approach. The identification of factors was carried out qualitatively using the thematic analysis method. Participants in this stage included academic faculty members and executive experts from Bank Mellat, whose perspectives were gathered through semi-structured interviews. To validate the identified factors in the quantitative stage, the structural equation modeling (confirmatory factor analysis) method was used. For this purpose, a questionnaire based on the identified factors was designed and purposively distributed among the central managers of Bank Mellat to evaluate the relationships between the indicators and categories. The quantitative data were analyzed using Smart PLS version 3 software. Findings: The findings revealed that the factors influencing organizational silence include individual factors (tendencies and interests, concerns and anxieties, motivations, personal traits, and characteristics), interpersonal factors (communication factors), organizational factors (job-related factors, organizational culture, managerial factors, structural factors), and extra-organizational factors (social, cultural, and economic factors). These factors affect the quality of managerial decision-making, including (accuracy, precision, timeliness, efficiency, reliability, and follow-up of decision-making). The quantitative analyses also confirmed the significance of the relationships between the indicators and the targeted components. Conclusion: The results of this study can provide useful insights into managing the phenomenon of organizational silence. Simultaneous identification of the factors influencing the occurrence of organizational silence across the four aforementioned levels, as well as the consequences that this phenomenon can have on the quality of managerial decision-making, can offer effective insights for managing this destructive organizational behavior.
Identification and Prioritization of Religious Mental Models Influencing the Business Model
Authors: Valipour Abolfazl , Hashemi Neko Seyed Alireza , Haghighat Monfared Jalal
Published: October 2024

Objective: The primary objective of this study is to identify and prioritize the religious mental models that influence business models among Iranian Muslim entrepreneurs. Methodology: The study employs a mixed-method research approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. Data were gathered through interviews and questionnaires. The interview sample consisted of 13 entrepreneurs from the city of Mashhad, while the questionnaire sample included 21 faculty members from management disciplines at Adib Mazandaran Institute of Higher Education. The collected data were analyzed using Excel and MICMAC software to identify and prioritize the key dimensions of religious mental models that influence business practices. Findings: The study identified eight key dimensions of business models influenced by religious beliefs: business ethics, stakeholder importance, cultural context, institutional context, family-centeredness, customer orientation, the divine meaning of business, and business skills. Among these, business ethics, family-centeredness, and the divine meaning of business were found to have the highest priority. These dimensions reflect the deep integration of religious values into business practices, with a strong emphasis on ethical conduct, the centrality of family, and the spiritual significance of business activities. Conclusion: The findings underscore the critical role that religious beliefs play in shaping the business models of Iranian Muslim entrepreneurs. Business ethics, family-centeredness, and the divine meaning of business emerge as the most influential dimensions, highlighting the importance of aligning business practices with Islamic values.
Development of a Growth Hacking Model for Startups in the Construction and Real Estate Industry (PropTech Sector) in Iran
Authors: Sayari Soroush , Hashangholipoor Yasory Tahmoores
Published: October 2024

Objective: The primary objective of this study is to develop a growth hacking model for startups operating in the PropTech sector in Iran. Methodology: This study employed a qualitative research method. Data were collected through interviews with experts in the PropTech sector in Iran. Content analysis and coding techniques were used to analyze the data. The sampling was conducted using the snowball technique, resulting in a final sample of 16 participants. Data analysis was performed using MAXQDA software. Findings: The results of the study revealed that the factors influencing growth hacking include environmental, organizational, marketing, human resources, and technological factors. Additionally, growth hacking techniques such as digital marketing, continuous and rapid improvement, and the use of smart marketing technologies were identified as key strategies for the growth of PropTech startups. This model helps businesses navigate their growth trajectory by accurately identifying influential factors and utilizing appropriate techniques. Conclusion: The proposed growth hacking model can serve as an effective tool for accelerating the growth of PropTech startups in Iran. By focusing on key factors and innovative techniques, the model assists businesses in achieving greater success in today's competitive market. It is recommended that this model be further tested in other industries and countries to enhance its generalizability.
Presenting an Optimal Model for Explaining Capital Structure Management with a Market Value Creation Approach
Authors: Aminifar Masoud , Khatibi Saeed Anvar , Zeynali Mehdi
Published: October 2024

Objective: The aim of this study is to present an optimal model for capital structure management with a market value creation approach. Methodology: This study utilized data from companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange over a six-year period (2017-2022). A regression model was first used to analyze the impact of various variables on capital structure. Subsequently, a decision tree algorithm and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) criterion were employed to provide an optimal model for capital structure management. The primary variables studied include economic value added (EVA), growth rate of shareholders' equity, earnings per share (EPS) growth, company size, financial leverage, and free cash flow. Findings: The results indicated that economic value added, growth rate of shareholders' equity, and earnings per share growth had the most substantial impact on market value added. In contrast, variables such as company size, book-to-market ratio, financial leverage, and free cash flow did not establish a significant relationship with market value added. Additionally, it was found that capital structure alone is not the primary driver of market value creation. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that in capital structure management, companies should focus on variables such as economic value added and earnings growth rather than solely on optimizing the debt-equity mix. These variables can significantly contribute to increasing market value and improving financial performance.
Pathology of Intellectual Capital in the Healthcare and Medical Education System During the COVID-19 Pandemic at North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Nemati Ali , Zamani Moghadam Afsaneh , Alipour Darvishi Zahra
Published: October 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze and diagnose intellectual capital challenges within the healthcare and medical education system of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: This research was conducted using a mixed-methods approach, including both qualitative and quantitative analyses. The qualitative section involved interviews with 17 experts in the healthcare and medical education system, selected through purposive sampling. For the quantitative part, 278 presidents, deputies, and experts from the healthcare and medical education sectors were surveyed using stratified random sampling. Data collection involved field methods (interviews, questionnaires) and library research. MAXQDA software was used for qualitative data analysis, while SPSS22 and PLS3 were used for quantitative testing of components' validity and reliability. Findings: The study identified three main themes related to intellectual capital issues: structural weaknesses, human resource challenges, and communication problems. These factors were found to have a significant impact on the current and desired state of the healthcare and medical education systems during the pandemic. The analysis showed that the influence of these issues on intellectual capital retention exceeded the threshold of 1.96, indicating their critical role in affecting organizational efficiency and effectiveness during the COVID-19 crisis. Conclusion: The findings highlight that intellectual capital, particularly in terms of human resources, structural processes, and communication, plays a crucial role in the successful management of healthcare and educational systems during a crisis. Addressing these challenges through improved infrastructure, human resource development, and enhanced communication strategies can significantly improve organizational performance during future crises.
Examining the Impact of Supply Chain Quality Management on the Performance of Premier League Volleyball Clubs with the Mediating Role of Organizational Structure
Authors: Poshtiban Khalil , Esfaninia Akram , Nodehi Mohamadali , Ahmadi Mojtaba , Rezaei Shirazi Reza
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of supply chain quality management on the performance of Premier League volleyball clubs, with the mediating role of organizational structure. Methodology: The research was descriptive-survey in nature, and the statistical population consisted of head coaches, coaches, and operational staff of the Iranian Premier League volleyball clubs. A total of 120 participants were selected through simple random sampling. The research tools included the Supply Chain Management Questionnaire by Mahmoudzadeh (2012), the Organizational Structure Questionnaire by Robbins (1989), and the Organizational Performance Questionnaire by Shafiei et al. (2013). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 and AMOS software. Findings: The results of the path analysis showed that supply chain quality management has a significant impact on the performance of Premier League volleyball clubs. The mediating role of organizational structure in this relationship was also confirmed. Additionally, the use of information technology as a reinforcing factor increased the positive effect of supply chain management on club performance. Fan satisfaction was significantly improved through better supply chain management and organizational structure. Conclusion: The findings indicate that supply chain quality management and organizational structure are two key factors in improving the performance of Premier League volleyball clubs. The use of information technology further enhances the positive effects of supply chain management. Sports managers should utilize these factors to increase efficiency and fan satisfaction.
Designing a Holistic Marketing Model in the Telecommunications Services Sector
Authors: Jahanian Mahdi , GHobadi Lamoki Tohfeh , Shafeei Reza , Hajibabaee Hossein
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study aimed to design and explain a holistic marketing model in the telecommunications services sector. Methodology: The research is applied in nature and employs a mixed-methods approach (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative phase, 11 experts in marketing and senior managers of telecommunications companies were selected through purposive sampling and interviewed using semi-structured interviews. In the quantitative phase, a questionnaire with 29 items was distributed among 108 marketing and sales managers and staff of telecommunications companies in Tehran and Hamedan. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS and Smart-PLS software. Findings: The results revealed that the holistic marketing model in the telecommunications services sector consists of six main themes and twenty-nine sub-themes. This model helps telecommunications companies to enhance customer loyalty, improve market share, and elevate overall company performance by utilizing both traditional and modern marketing strategies. Conclusion: The study concludes that implementing a holistic marketing model can positively impact the performance of telecommunications companies. To successfully implement this model, companies should leverage modern marketing approaches such as experiential marketing, social media marketing, and collaborative marketing.
Some iterations and its applications to BCK-algebras
Authors: Ahn S.S. , Kim H.S.
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we discuss some iterations and apply it to $d/BCK$-algebras and semigroups. Given a $BCK$-algebra $(X,*, 0)$, we construct an edge $d$-algebra by using the notion of iterations.
Fuzzy Galois connections in L-fuzzy posets
Authors: Kondo M.
Published: October 2024

We consider properties of fuzzy Galois connections on L-fuzzy posets for complete residuated lattices L and show some results about their properties by operator-based methods. We also prove that there is a new fuzzy Galois connection on fuzzy posets. Moreover, we give a simple condition for the existence of right adjoint map.
A study of BL-algebras by co-zero divisors
Authors: Bedrood M. , Borumand Saeid A.
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we delve into the set of co-zero divisors in a BL−algebra and explore their properties. We used these elements for a new classification of BL−algebras. The main result establishes that the set of all co-zero divisors of a BL−algebra L is precisely the union of all minimal prime filters of L. Additionally, we introduce a special type of minimal prime filters. This new concept is called Z◦−filter and its features are examined. We also analyze the relationship between Z◦−filters and other types of filters in the BL−algebra.
Göz Kuruluğu olan hastalarda Helikobakter Pilori varlığı ve endoskopik bulguların özellikleri
Authors: Özkahraman Adnan , Yavuzer Beyza , Yavuzer Kamil , Durmaz Ozan , Bayram Kayar Nüket , Bilgili Mehmet Ali , Kayar Yusuf
Published: October 2024

Amaç: Helicobacter pylori, peptik ülser ve mide adenokarsinomunun yanı sıra birçok mide dışı tutuluma da neden olmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalarda çelişkili sonuçlar bildirilse de bazı göz hastalıklarının Helicobacter pylori ile ilişkili olduğu rapor edilmiştir. Çalışmamızda kuru göz varlığı ile Helicobacter pylori pozitifliği arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmayı amaçladık.
Gereç ve yöntem: Demografik veriler, uyuşturucu, sigara, alkol kullanımı, endoskopik, histolojik bulgular ve kuru göz varlığı dokümante edildi. Kuru göz hastaları ve kontrol grubu arasında endoskopik ve histopatolojik bulgular karşılaştırıldı. Veriler istatistiksel olarak analiz edildi ve p
Metal Zehirlenmeleri ve Şelasyon Tedavisi
Authors: Buluz Pınar , Başpınar Nuri
Published: October 2024

Yarım yüzyıldan fazla süren klinik deneyime rağmen, toksik ağır metallere yönelik şelasyon, klinik toksikolojide en tartışmalı ve yanlış uygulanan müdahalelerden biridir. Spesifik şelatların doğru kullanımının genel destekleyici bakımla birleştirildiğinde ciddi zehirlenmelerle ilişkili morbidite ve mortaliteyi azalttığına dair yeterli kanıt vardır. Bu derlemede, beş ağır metal (civa, kurşun, arsenik, kadmiyum, bakır) intoksikasyonunun tedavisi için mevcut şelasyon ajanları ve tedavi stratejileri hakkında bir güncelleme sunuyoruz.
A DISEASE-BASED PERSPECTIVE OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NEUROINFLAMMATION AND IMPAIRED GLUCOSE METABOLISM
Authors: Ovalı Mehmet Akif , Perçin Şevval
Published: October 2024

Neuroinflammation is a significant contributor to the pathogenesis of several central nervous system disorders including Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuroinflammation is the immune response of the central nervous system against central or peripheral abnormalities disturbed by foreign agents, molecules, metabolic activities, or various diseases. Astrocytes and microglia activation are the main activators of neuroinflammation. The polarization changes of these defender cells have some key roles in bodily metabolism as much as neuronal behavior. The blood-brain barrier is known as the first defender of brain parenchyma. Neuroinflammation disrupts blood-brain barrier integrity and may cause blood-brain barrier breakdown. Glucose is the main energy source of brain and glucose uptake is achieved through the blood-brain barrier. Altered glucose metabolism may have detrimental effects on brain functions and may cause brain disorders. Also, it has been suggested that neuroinflammation may have crucial roles in glucose metabolism. The distribution of the blood-brain barrier in vascular endothelial cells of neurons, astrocytes, and microglia contributes to the transport of glucose to the cells of brain. Microglia and astrocyte polarization are suggested as the two main underlying mechanisms in neuroinflammation. It’s obviously determined that neuroinflammation-caused neurodegenerative diseases are tightly linked with the brain insulin resistance and disrupted cerebral and peripheral glucose metabolism. However, there is lacking knowledge about glucose metabolism deficiencies and microglia/astrocyte polarization. Herein this review, we summarized the neuroinflammation and glucose metabolism with the most common neurological diseases and the possible effects of microglia/astrocyte polarization on glucose metabolism.
Discrimination Against Non-native English Speakers in the English Language Teaching Profession: Evidence from Internship Advertisements
Authors:   University of Birjand, Chahkandi Fateme
Published: October 2024

Despite the non-native English-speaking teachers’ (NNESTs) movement, the literature documents widespread discrimination against NNESTs particularly in hiring discourse in English as a foreign language (EFL) contexts. The present study aims to shed light on another aspect of this discrimination in EFL internship advertisements by investigating the ideal interns’ qualifications and requirements as well as the characteristics of internship locations and fringe benefits attributed to the internship positions. To this aim, 13 international advertisements were chosen as the corpus of the study from the Premier TEFL website and were thematically analyzed. The results pointed to the native speaker fallacy in internship advertisements as all the programs required the candidates to be native speakers of inner-circle English-speaking countries or hold academic degrees from these locations. Additionally, a variety of selling strategies and marketing tactics such as the description of landscapes and outdoor activities along with a diversity of fringe benefits were utilized to attract native speakers. The results are discussed in the light of native speaker dominance in the profession and the ways to fight against this legacy. Finally, the paper ended with the implications the study has for various stakeholders including native English-speaking teachers (NESTs) and NNESTs themselves.
The Effects of Looping on Undergraduate Students’ TESOL Knowledge Acquisition and EFL Teaching Career Preparation: A Qualitative Case Study
Authors:   World University of Bangladesh, Alam Md. Saiful , Asmawi Adelina ,   World University of Bangladesh, Fatema Sayeda ,   nternational Islamic University Chittagong, Ullah Md. Mohib
Published: October 2024

Looping is an educational policy in which a teacher teaches the whole or part of the same class in consecutive years. It is advocated as one of the most useful 21st century instructional strategies. Research has reported that looping results in greater success in students’ learning of some school subjects, including mathematics, sciences, languages, and social sciences, while it is also claimed to be instrumental in fostering students’ appropriate behavior. However, studies on looping in higher education are scarce. Our study aimed to understand the effects of looping of a TESOL teacher educator on pre-service EFL teachers’ academic achievements in TESOL education and their career preparation for EFL teaching. We designed a case study to understand the looped students’ real-life experiences. The qualitative data were collected from three sources: documents, semi-structured interviews, and field notes (observation) for data and method triangulation. The data were analyzed using Williams and Moser’s (2019) qualitative data coding and following phenomenological reduction, bracketing (Dornan et al., 2005), and essences (Ganeson & Ehrich, 2009). The findings showed that the looping of a proficient, experienced, and effective TESOL lecturer results in the success of undergraduate students’ acquisition of TESOL skills, and in developing their readiness for career start in EFL teaching.
Policy and Practice of Listening in Secondary English Education: A Critical Reflection from Bangladesh
Authors:   University of Canterbury, Kabir S. M. Akramul
Published: October 2024

The current National Curriculum 2012 of English (VI- X) in Bangladesh incorporates both listening and speaking skills for its English education. Textbooks have also been designed in accordance with the policy which is set by the National Curriculum and Textbook Broad (NCTB). The English textbook, titled English for Today (EfT), was designed in alignment with the current National Curriculum for English (VI-X) for students in grades 6 through 10. The target of the EfT is to achieve students’ competency in integrated four skills of English language: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. However, although the listening module is now in policy and classroom practice, it is neither assessed in school or in public exams at the secondary level (Kabir, 2020). This study explores the perceptions of policy and practice of listening in secondary English education in Bangladesh. This study may be significant as little research has been done in Bangladesh on listening skill and its significance for language competence, let alone on the teaching of listening in connection to language learning. This qualitative study is based on in-depth interview data collected in 2019. The interviews included pertinent participants of policymakers and secondary English teachers. The findings indicated that there was a disconnect in curriculum, classroom practice and assessment in secondary English education.
The Post Pandemic Student and Education: Challenges and Implications
Authors:   Hanyang University, Thorkelson Tory
Published: October 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic forced institutions, faculty, and students to use emergency remote teaching (ERT) in the early stages of 2020. All educational levels, as well as schools and universities around the world, were affected. Although ERT and online education are not necessarily synonymous (see Thorkelson, 2021), most classes were delivered online, demanding an increased use of online tools like learning management systems (LMSs) and applications Zoom, Microsoft Teams, and Google Meet, among others, to meet the educational needs of most students. Post-pandemic students and faculty had returned to face-to-face classes or a hybrid model of education that balances online and offline classes and content as the pandemic faded. (See Thorkelson, 2021). However, both teachers and students gained new skills while losing or weakening some more traditional classroom-related skill sets. To draw some conclusions and make recommendations for establishing a successful post-pandemic educational milieu, this paper examines some of these skills and the related factors as they could affect both students and faculty in the post-pandemic educational environment.
Research Literacy Assessment Instruments in Social Sciences and Education: A Scoping Review
Authors:   Shahid Beheshti University, Aghazadeh Solmaz , Anani Sarab Mohammad Reza ,   Shahid Beheshti University
Published: October 2024

Educational research plays a crucial role in the advancement of knowledge in the teaching profession. In fact, raising the quality standards in education necessitates teachers’ engagement in different levels and dimensions of research. To this end, improving teachers' research literacy is an essential first step, which also entails assessing the current state of teachers' research literacy using reliable and valid instruments. The present study provides a comprehensive review of the available instruments for assessing teachers’ research literacy, along with a description of the characteristics of the reviewed instruments. It also presents a review of the results of using these instruments in measuring the research literacy of various populations. Based on the findings, teachers’ research literacy is below the expected average level, reflecting the need for a change in policies and planning to improve it. Moreover, the results of this scoping review indicated that the instruments developed for measuring research literacy reflected the expectations of just the instructional context in which they have been developed and may not reflect the full dimensions of research literacy. Furthermore, the developed instruments each came with its own strengths and weaknesses in assessing teachers' research skills. Therefore, it is suggested that research literacy instruments should be selected based on the research skills expected from teachers in their institutional contexts and with full awareness of their limitations. To enhance the strengths and minimize the weaknesses, it is suggested that different sections from the current research literacy assessment instruments should be combined selectively to assess teachers’ research abilities.
Integrating Digital Technology into Project-Based Learning: Its Impact on Speaking Performance
Authors:   Politeknik Negeri Malang, Hoesny Mariana Ulfah , Setyosari Punaji , Praherdhiono Henry , Suryati Nunung ,   Universitas Negeri Malang
Published: October 2024

This research is aimed at investigating the implementation of project-based learning (PBL) using a voice recorder, Orai application, and web as material sources. It is conducted to determine the impact of combining PBL and digital tools on speaking performance. The participants were 80 students who took English subject in State Polytechnic of Malang, Electronic Engineering study program. Five aspects of speaking performance were observed to determine which ones are affected by the strategy. The research methodology employed was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test. Participants were selected via random sampling. The research sample consisted of two classes with the total sample of 80 students. Data analysis was done through hypothesis testing of the speaking performance data. The results showed that infusing digital technology into project-based learning can significantly improve speaking performance in the aspects of grammar, comprehension, and vocabulary, but does not significantly affect the fluency and pronunciation aspects. Advice and recommendations to the faculty and teacher candidates were discussed further.