bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dementia and ethnicity
Authors: Robinson Gina
Published: March 2017

This article provides a contemporary overview of the aetiology and pathophysiology of dementia, including risk factors, diagnosis and treatment, and will further explore the specific issues of dementia in the UK's ethnic minority population. As the number of dementia diagnoses continues to rise, the need for allied health professionals in all areas of health care to assist in the prevention, diagnosis and management of dementia is essential. Nurses are often at the front-line of health promotion, and non-medical prescribers, while not necessarily specialists in dementia, may also be involved in the monitoring and review of patients with dementia, and their medication, and will be involved in supporting their families and carers.
One size does not fit all: The management of hypertension in frail older people
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: March 2017

Ageing affects every system in the body and as our population grows older and we care for people with multiple comorbidities we reach the limits of certain evidence bases. This article uses a case study to examine the limitations of knowledge in relation to hypertension in frail older people and stresses the importance of incorporating gerontology into under- and post-graduate nursing and medical education, and working with the older person and family members.
Putting Friends and Family to the test
Authors: Hancock Dave
Published: March 2017

With the Friends and Family Test firmly embedded, how useful is it and what improvements can be made? Dave Hancock finds out
The truth is out there … somewhere
Authors: Ainsworth Steve
Published: March 2017

We appear to live in a post-truth world in which ‘alternative facts’ are as likely to be reported in national and international news as the actual truth, says Steve Ainsworth
Dealing with disruptive patients
Authors: Stacey Richard
Published: March 2017

Dealing with disruptive patients can be one of the most challenging aspects of general practice. Medical Protection Senior Medicolegal Adviser, Dr Richard Stacey, provides some advice on the steps practice managers should take
A credible plan for change?
Authors: Moffat Polly
Published: March 2017

Sustainability and Transformation Plans are in the early stages, with detail now published on implementation in each footprint. What are the main challenges?
Irinotecan Liposome Injection
Authors: Baker Danial E. , Levien Terri L.
Published: March 2017

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are are available online to subscribers. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service, contact Wolters Kluwer customer service at 866–397–3433. The February 2017 monograph topics are bezlotoxumab, binimetinib, broadalumab, deuterabenazine, prasterone vaginal, and valbenazine. The DUE is on bezlotoxumab.
Summaries of Safety Labeling Changes Approved by the FDA: Boxed Warnings Highlights October - December 2016
Authors: Rose Brenda J.
Published: March 2017

The FDA's MedWatch program safety labeling changes for boxed warnings are compiled quarterly for drugs and therapeutic biologics where important changes have been made to the safety information. Search of Drug Safety Labeling Changes (SLC) database was conducted on December 31, 2016 for date range “10/1/2016-12/31/2016”, labeling section “Boxed Warning”. These and other label changes are searchable in the Drug Safety Labeling Changes (SLC) database, where data are available to the public in downloadable and searchable formats. (Drug Safety Labeling Changes are available at: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/safetylabelingchanges/?source=govdelivery&utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery.) ) Boxed warnings are ordinarily used to highlight either: adverse reactions so serious in proportion to the potential benefit from the drug that it is essential that it be considered in assessing the risks and benefits of using the drug; OR serious adverse reactions that can be prevented/reduced in frequency or severity by appropriate use of the drug; OR FDA approved the drug with restrictions to ensure safe use because FDA concluded that the drug can be safely used only if distribution or use is restricted.
Menderatzen ez ditugun aditz-formak saihesteko: euskal aditzaren gramatikaren erdigunea eta periferia
Authors: Jendraschek Gerd
Published: March 2017

This article deals with the morphological reflection of the interaction between argument relations and TAM exponents in Basque, as well as the diachronic, sociolinguistic, and diatopic variation observed in this area. The more an inflected auxiliary represents marked values, the higher its proneness to obsolescence. This explains why certain auxiliary forms are virtually non-existent in corpora. Moreover, morphemic obliteration and routinization lead to the reanalysis of once polymorphemic sequences to a single morpheme. If they are sufficiently frequent, such morphologically complex forms are then stored as ‘single processing units’. Less frequent forms in contrast never enter the morpheme inventory as fused morphemes. As a result, they are marginalized and pushed to the periphery of the linguistic system. The discrepancy between the combinatorial potential of verbal morphology on the one hand, and the frequency of forms in real-language corpora has important consequences for an adequate description of the language as well as its development. The possible number of forms is immense – this is why we find large numbers of tables with elaborate paradigms in most grammatical descriptions of Basque. However, these descriptions produce a false impression, as present-day spoken Basque uses only a small subset of all possible forms. The two approaches —list all the possible forms vs. list frequently attested forms— can be unified though, if we locate possible forms along a cline leading from the core of the grammatical system to its periphery. Whereas the core contains the most frequent and stable forms, the outer periphery contains forms which exist only in theory, with intermediate forms being subject to a great deal of intra-speaker, inter-speaker, and interdialectal variation. And while a peripheral form does not violate any grammatical rule, (most) speakers will avoid it, as their primary aim is not to exploit the morphological potential of the system, but to make themselves understood. The concepts of core vs. periphery can be applied to other grammatical systems where an inflation of morphological forms leads to a hierarchical organization of the system. As for linguistic typology, the Basque scenario is an illustration of what is likely to happen when a language is simultaneously high on the indices of synthesis and fusion.
Estrategias para la recuperación de poder sindical en España
Authors: Calleja José Pablo
Published: March 2017

La crisis de los sindicatos tiene una dimensión mundial. Sin embargo, la gravedad del declive, los factores del debilitamiento y las estrategias disponibles para la recuperación dependen de cada sistema de relaciones laborales. Este texto comienza con un breve repaso de las aportaciones teóricas más relevantes acerca de las fuentes del poder sindical. Acudir a este nivel de análisis se considera el más operativo para la revitalización sindical, pues ubica las causas del debilitamiento y las estrategias para el fortalecimiento en las propias organizaciones sindicales. A continuación, el artículo realizará un recorrido por el estado de cada una de las fuentes de poder sindical en las principales organizaciones españolas a partir de entrevistas semi-estructuradas a sindicalistas e informantes-clave y concluirá con propuestas estratégicas derivadas del enfoque propuesto.
¿Cabe utilizar la negociación colectiva para integrar laboralmente a las personas con discapacidad? Una propuesta a la luz de la experiencia francesa
Authors: Ribes Moreno María Isabel
Published: March 2017

La ratificación por España de la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad de la ONU (CDPD), requiere reevaluar el vigente contenido de los convenios colectivos estatutarios. Es preciso establecer mecanismos dentro de la negociación colectiva destinados a proteger los derechos fundamentales de las personas con discapacidad, articulando medidas y soluciones que faciliten su acceso y/o permanencia en el mercado de trabajo, con técnicas similares a las previstas en otros Estados como Francia.El presente trabajo plantea, tras examinar la negociación colectiva posterior a la entrada en vigor de la CDPD, la necesidad de reforzar el marco de garantía para el empleo de las personas con discapacidad, favoreciendo su inclusión, limitando las excepciones al cumplimiento efectivo de la cuota de inserción y, en consecuencia, proponiendo una modificación normativa en el sentido de formular el desarrollo de dicha obligación como parte del contenido mínimo de los convenios colectivos estatutarios.
Correlation of blood lead level and intelligence quotient in children
Authors: Gunawan Lilian , Masloman Nurhayati
Published: March 2017

Background Lead poisoning is a source of health problems inhumans. A chronic complication oflead poisoning in children ispermanent intellectual impairment.Objective To assess for a correlation of blood lead levels andintelligence quotient (IQ) in children.Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in children aged6 to 8 years in th e Talawaan (a rural area) and Wenang (an urbanarea) Distticts, North Sulawesi, from April to July 2012. Blood leadlevels were measured using the graphite furnace atomic absorptionspectrometry technique; and intelligence was meas ured with theWechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Indonesian version.Results There were 50 subjects from the Talawaan District and 54subjects from the Wenang Disttict in this study. The mean bloodlead level in the Talawaan District subjects was significantly higherthan that of the Wenang Disttict subjects [25.8 (SD 16.98) μgidLvs 11.4 (SD 13.81) μgidL, respectively; (P<0.001)]. There was aweak negative correlation between blood lead level and IQ in theTalawaan Disttict children (P= 0.038; r= -0.3). As such, there wasa 0.05 IQ point decrement associated with each increase of 1 μ gidLin blood lead level in Talawaan District children. However, therewas no correlation between blood lead level and IQ in the WenangDisttict children (P=0.42; r =0.03).Conclusion There is a weak negative correlation between bloodlead level and IQ in children living in a rural area, howevei; thiscorrelation is not found in children living in an urban area.
Risk factors for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm neonates
Authors: Bernati Novia , Nova Ria , Tasli Julniar M. , Theodorus Theodorus
Published: March 2017

Background The reported prevalences of patent ductus arteriosus(PDA) in preterm neonates vaty, and are currently unknown inPalembang. Birth weight, ges tational age, asphyxia, histoty ofantenatal steroid use, hyaline membrane disease (HMD), raceand ethnicity, are potential risk factors for PDA.Objective To determine the prevalence of PDA and its riskfactors in preterm neonates at Mohammad Hoesin Hospital,Palembang.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from October2011 to April 2012. Echocardiographic examinations wereperformed on 242 preterm neonates aged 15 hours to 7 days. Datawas taken from medical records and interviews, and analyzed byChi square and logistic regression analyses.Results Patent ductus arteriosus was found in 142 (58.7%)preterm neonates with a prevalence ratio of 1.43. Neonates withbirthweight ::;;2,000 grams tended to have 1.9 (95% CI 1.17 to3.32) rimes higher risk for PDA (P=0.01). Neonates ::;;JO weeksgestation were also at 1.9 rimes higher risk for PDA (P=0.16).Probabilities for PDA occurrence in neonates with asphyxia,without antenatal corticosteroids and HMD were 1.6 (95%CI 1.13 to 3.36) rimes, 1.3 (95%CI 0.73 to 2.50) times and 2.2(95%CI 1.29 to 3.72) rimes higher risk for PDA, respectively(P=0.22, 0.41, and 0.005, respectively).Conclusion Birth weight and HMD are statistically significantrisk factors of PDA, but the more significant one is HMD.
Concomitant production of gum, nut and peduncle in dwarf cashew tree explored under different levels of irrigation and fertilization
Authors: Lima Reivany Eduardo Morais , De Araújo Laíse Ferreira , Barros Josivavia Rodrigues , Bezerra Marlos Alves
Published: March 2017

The main goal of this innovator study was to evaluate if the gum extraction influences the production of nut and peduncle of precocious dwarf cashew tree grown under different water regimes and mineral nutrition. Adult trees of CCP-76 clone were submitted to water regimes: irrigated (100% da ETpc) and non-irrigated, and three fertilization levels with NK: 50%, 100% and 150% of the recommended for the crop nutrition. Additionally was added a treatment in which the gum was not extracted from plants (control). The extraction of gum was performed monthly during a period of 15 months, while the nut and peduncle were collected at the end of the cropping season, after the gum extraction period. The quality of the peduncle was determined by the soluble solids content (SSP). The production of gum in the first semester of the year followed an increasing trend on every three months, regardless the water regime. In the second semester, an interaction between the factors was observed, with irrigated plants producing more gum in higher fertilizer levels (100 and 150%), while in the non-irrigated conditions, the highest gum production occurred with the lower fertilization level (50%). The production of nut and peduncle were not affected by treatments or gum extraction. The highest contents of SSP was observed when the plants were irrigated.
Qualidade pós-colheita de maracujá-amarelo em função de porta-enxertos e ambientes de cultivo
Authors: Botelho Silvia De Carvalho Campos , Miguel-Wruck Dulândula Silva , Roncatto Givanildo , Oliveira Suzinei Silva , Botelho Fernando Mendes , Wobeto Carmen
Published: March 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of rootstocks on passion fruit physicochemical characteristics. The experiment was conducted in two properties in Terra Nova do Norte municipality, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in a 2×8 factorial, in a completely randomized block design with four repetitions, being two growing environments (Environment 1 and Environment 2) and seven rootstocks with one control. The rootstocks used were: CPAC M5-H-67, H-CPAC MJ-65, CPAC MJ-45-03, CPAC MJ-H-68, Passiflora nitida (PN), P. alata (PA) and P. edulis (PE), under the canopy of a yellow passion fruit, BRS Gigante Amarelo cultivar. The same cultivar without rootstock was used as a control. The fruits were randomly harvest from each block. The following physical, physicochemical and chemical analysis were performed: weight, fruit length and diameter of the fruit, skin thickness, total soluble solids content (TSS), total acidity (TA), TSS/TA and vitamin C content. The use of rootstocks and rootstocks x environment interaction influenced the passion fruit physical characteristics. The environments influenced fruit quality, except for total acidity content. Environment 1 resulted in best fruit quality. For the Environment 2 no weight and length variation caused by rootstocks was observed. All analyzed rootstocks produced fruit with suitable characteristics for ‘in natura’ consumption or industrialization.
Micronutrientes foliares na goiabeira fertirrigada com biofertilizante e nitrogênio no semiárido
Authors: Santana Elisson Alves , Lobo Jackson Teixeira , Pereira Renan Nunes , Lima Augusto Miguel Nascimento , Cunha Jaílson Cavalcante , Cavalcante Ítalo Herbert Lucena
Published: March 2017

Required in small amounts, micronutrients play a key role for adequate plant development, which can be supplied by synthetic or organic fertilizers, such as biofertilizers. Thus, an experiment was conducted between July 2014 and August 2015, in the experimental area of the Federal University of the São Francisco Valley, Petrolina-PE, Brazil, to evaluate the micronutrient leaf concentrations of Paluma guava as a function of fertigation with bovine biofertilizer and Nitrogen fertilization. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design (5 x 2) referring to the concentrations of bovine biofertilizer (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10%) and N-fertilizing (50% and 100% of N dose following plant demand), with four replicates and five plants per plot. Only the leaf Mn concentrations are affected by bovine biofertilizer in guava trees fertigated with 100% of recommended N. Leaf concentrations of all the micronutrients (Mn, B, Fe and Zn) are not influenced by nitrogen fertigation. The biofertilizer is efficient in providing Fe.
Progress in the field of iodine deficiency disorders prevention in Republic of Uzbekistan (1998–2016)
Authors: Ismailov Said I. , Rashitov Murodjon M.
Published: March 2017

Несмотря на проводимые мероприятия, направленные на ликвидацию йододефицитные состояния в стране РУз остается зоной высокой распространенности ЙДЗ. Динамика к снижению йоддефицита была связана с активной работой  по ликвидации йоддефицитных заболевания (ЙДЗ) – это обеспечение йодирующими установками и йодатом калия соледобывающих и солеперерабатывающих предприятий, проведение широкомасштабных санитарно-просветительских мероприятий среди различных слоев населения, государственных предприятий и частного сектора, проведение регулярного мониторинга содержания йода в соли и моче.  В мае 2007 г. был принят закон РУз «О профилактике йододефицитных заболеваний». В настоящей работе приводится анализ йододефицитных состояний в РУз согласно рекомендациям ВОЗ, сентинельным методом.  Согласно данным йодурии нормальные значения йодурии (100-300 мкг/л) наблюдались в 1998 году у 5,6%, в 2016 году у 77% населения. Оптимальный уровень потребления йодированной соли (15,0-55 мкг/г йодата калия) в 1998 году составлял 7,6 % и в 2016 году увеличился до 81 % среди населения.  Распространённость эндемического зоба снизился от 70% в 1998 году до 31% в 2016 году среди населения РУз. Таким образом, отмечается заметное улучшение показателей ЙДЗ по сравнению с предыдущими годами. Однако целевые значения пока не достигнуты.
Loss of signal during intraoperative neuromonitoring of laryngeal nerves as a predictor of postoperative larynx paresis: Analysis of 1065 consequetive thyroid and parathyroid operations. Surgeons' algorythm (tactics)
Authors: Makarin Viktor A. , Uspenskaya Anna A. , Semenov Arseniy A. , Timofeeva Natalia I. , Chernikov Roman A. , Slepcov Il`ya V. , Chinchuk Igor` K. , Karelina Yulia V. , Novokshonov Konstantin Y. , Fedorov Elisey A. , Malyugov Yuriy N. , Rusakov Vladimir F. , Sablin Il`ya V. , Gorskaya Natalia A. , Denisenkova Vlada N. , Ostanina Yulia V. , Krasnov Leonid M. , Fedotov Yuriy N. , Bubnov Alexandr N.
Published: March 2017

During thyroid and parathyroid operations performed with laryngeal nerves neuromonitoring, a segmental or global loss of signal may occur. The most frequent cause of loss of signal – is tension of thyroid gland tissue and at the same time tension of the laryngeal nerves. There is no consensus if this complication arises regarding surgeon’s actions.Aim. Evaluation of predictive value of loss of signal during IONM regarding larynx paresis in postoperative period, and algorithm suggestion in case of loss of signal develops.Materials and methods. 1065 patients were operated on thyroid and parathyroid glands with neuromonitoring of laryngeal nerves. Neuromonitore C2 (Inomed, Emmendingen, Germany) was used. We evaluated frequency of loss of signal, described types of loss of signal, showed sensitivity and specificity of loss of signal and development of postoperative larynx paresis.Results. Loss of signal developed in 32 (1,9%) patients. More frequently loss of signal was detected at left side (p=0,01, χ2 = 4,2 OR=2,9). Sensitivity (Se)  of loss of signal and postoperative larynx paresis development reached 59,2%, specificity – 99,7% (Sp), positive predicitive value (PPV) – 91,4%, negative predictive value (NPV) – 97,8%. There are no statistically reliable differences in recovery periods of larynx function depending on type of loss of signal (segmental or global) (p=0,5).Conclusions. In most cases loss of electromyographical signal indicates injury of laryngeal nerves during operation on thyroid and parathyroid glands. When there is loss of signal in case of bilateral thyroid gland disease it is reasonable to make a decision to stop operation to prevent development of bilateral larynx paresis.
Ultrasonography of the larynx for diagnosis of the vocal folds mobility impairment
Authors: Vetshev Petr S. , Yankin Pavel L. , Zhivotov Vladimir A. , Poddubnyi Evgeny I. , Drozzin Alexandr Y. , Bondarev Nikita S. , Korol Valeriya V. , Maady Ayas S. , Vasilev Igor V. , Alekseev Konstantin I. , Osipov Andrey S. , Apostolidi Konstantin G. , Savchuk Oleg V. , Shirokova Nadezhda V. , Krastyn Ellina A. , Balan Boris A.
Published: March 2017

Purpose. To study a possibility of performance and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography (US) of a larynx in identification of motility disorders of VF (vocal folds) in comparison with the laryngoscope which is traditionally applied for this purpose.Materials and methods. According to the objectives of the study, two patient groups were formed. In first group of patients (n = 466) we studied acceptability of ultrasonografy to discriminate various laryngeal structures. In second group of patient (n = 432) we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in point of detection of vocal muscles paresis.Results. Laryngeal structures were available to examination by ultrasound (without taking in account age and sex) in 92.7% of patients. Two patterns have been identified in the course of this part of the study: deterioration of visibility of the vocal folds with increasing patient age and better visibility of the vocal folds in women than in men. According to the comparative analysis, ultrasonography accuracy rate (in those patients who had had clearly visible vocal folds during ultrasonography) did not differ from that during videolaryngoscopy.Conclusion. During the conducted research it was found that the US of the larynx is an effective and perspective method for detection of a paresis of VF with sensitivity and specificity 93,55% and 100% respectively. Among those patients who' VF are available to ultrasound evaluation the accuracy of method is comparable with a videolaryngoscopy and can be used with success in daily work of units of endocrine surgery.
PENGELOLAAN SISTEM SOSIAL MARGA DI SUMATERA SELATAN: Telaah atas Kontribusi Teori Fungsionalisme Struktural Parsons
Authors: Syawaludin Mohammad
Published: March 2017

Before colonial periode, community forms have been found in certain region to take traditions, Example owning selected self governance, arranging its rural citizen of law compiled. In referred such as Bali community, Banjar, in South Sumatra named as Marga, Minangkabau called Nagari. Countryside, Clan, Nagari, Marga or Kampong, often called as community and in which the right to manage region (sovereignty) which recognized customary right for land or region . It’s mean social custom communities have organization to arrange many aspects of governance, leadership structure, decision mechanism, and management of internal conflct.
Konflk Antar Agama dan Intra Agama di Indonesia
Authors: Riyadi Ahmad , Hendris Hendris
Published: March 2017

Judul: Pemolisian Konflk Keagamaan di IndonesiaPenulis: Rizal Pangabean & Ihsan Ali FauziPenerbit : Pusat Studi Agama dan Demokrasi (PUSAT) YayasanWakaf ParamadinaCetakan : Januari 2014Tebal : vii + 368 HalamanISBN: 10 : 978-979-772-042-21
COMMUNITY BASED EMPOWERMENT: STUDI PADA KELOMPOK USAHA BERSAMA “SEDAP MELATI” DI DUSUN BABADAN, SITIMULYO, PIYUNGAN, BANTUL, YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Sulistyaningsih Sulistyaningsih , Arifin Achmad Zainal , Nurhaedi Dadi
Published: March 2017

This study aims to determine the efforts of a small Entreprise of Sedap Melati in resolving some problems related to the issue of developing its productive process. Two theories used in this study, which are communication action theory of Habermas and empowerment of If’s theory. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method using a Participatory Action Research (PAR) model. To collect the data, several methods are used including: observation, interviews, FGD (Focus Group Discussion) and documentation. Interpretative methods of data analysis is done by comparing, sifting through and combining various data residing in the same context, the audit trial (checking the raw data, analyzing them, and making conclusions process) as well as a review by related parties are seriously considered. The results show that Kube Sedap Melati has facing some serious constraints in its development, such as the issue of human resources, marketing, and infrastructure facilities. Some efforts have been undertaken by Kube Sedap Melati to overcome these problems. For the issue of transportation, for example, members of Kube Sedap Melati agrred to hire transports to deliver their products to consumers. They also aware of the needs of having a better promotions, including the use of internet and social media. Based on the analysis using communication actions’ theory of Habermas, there is a necessary for all members of Kube Sedap Melati to establish an open communication between members and administrators, either in a formal or informal ways. Mutual trust among the members is essential in order to overcome their human resource problem. In the context of empowerment, Kube Sedap Melati can actualize in three sides: fist, to create a conducive atmosphere to develop and maximize their potentials; second, to strengthen their competitiveness to other similar enterprises; and third, to protect a strong group and prevent unhealthy competition among them. Other potentials that need to be considered is to include religious practices and traditions of the community as an important source of income through providing some snacks and foods in every religious events or traditions conducted by members of community
MENUJU PARADIGMA PENELITIAN SOSIOLOGI YANG INTEGRATIF
Authors: Malik Abdul , Nugroho Aris Dwi
Published: March 2017

Sociology as a science which has many paradigms. Variety of existing paradigms were born by a long debate on the historical birth of sociology widely known as methodenstreit (debate of methods) that distinguish inductive and deductive methods, nomothetic ideographic sciences and sciences, value-free and solid values, and the separation of theory from praxis. The long debate generated a variety of paradigms in sociological research methodology, namely: positivism, post-positivism, constructivism, critical theory and participatory
Assessment of epilepsy using noninvasive visual psychophysics tests of surround suppression
Authors: Yazdani Partow , Read Jenny C.A. , Whittaker Roger G. , Trevelyan Andrew J.
Published: March 2017

Powerful endogenous inhibitory mechanisms are thought to restrict the spread of epileptic discharges in cortical networks. Similar inhibitory mechanisms also influence physiological processing. We reasoned, therefore, that useful information about the quality of inhibitory restraint in individuals with epilepsy may be gleaned from psychophysical assays of these physiological processes. We derived a psychophysical measure of cortical inhibition, the motion surround suppression index (SSI), in 54 patients with epilepsy and 146 control subjects. Multivariate regression analyses showed that SSI was predicted strongly by age and seizure type, but not by seizure frequency. Specifically, we found that patients with exclusively focal epilepsy, and no history of generalization, showed significantly stronger cortical inhibition as measured by the SSI compared to all other groups, including controls. In contrast, patients with focal seizures evolving into generalized seizures, and patients with generalized genetic epilepsy, showed similar levels of cortical inhibition to controls. The presumptive focus, when one could be identified, was rarely found in visual cortex, meaning that the relationship with the epilepsy subtype is likely to reflect some global difference in inhibition in these subjects. This is the first reported instance of raised SSI in any patient cohort, and appears to differentiate between patients with respect to the likelihood of their experiencing generalization of their seizures. These results suggest that such simple psychophysical assays may provide useful aids to clinical management, particularly at the time of diagnosis.
Maternal high‐fat diet in mice leads to innate airway hyperresponsiveness in the adult offspring
Authors: MacDonald Kelvin D. , Moran Aurelia R. , Scherman Ashley J. , McEvoy Cindy T. , Platteau Astrid S.
Published: March 2017

Maternal obesity prior to and during pregnancy has been associated with an increased incidence of childhood asthma. As diets rich in saturated fat are linked to obesity and inflammation, we created a murine model to investigate the effect of maternal high‐fat diet (HFD) on adult offspring airway hyperreactivity (AHR), a cardinal feature of asthma. Balb/cByJdams were fed aHFD(60% fat Calories) or normal‐fat diet (NFD) (10% fat Calories) from 8 weeks prior to first breeding through their pregnancies. Pups were weaned to either aHFDorNFD(at 4 weeks of age).AHRwas measured in the 10‐week‐old offspring following inhaled methacholine challenge by end‐inflation technique. Bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed for cell count, total protein, andIL‐6. Offspring ofHFDdams weaned toNFDhad increasedAHRcompared to offspring ofNFDdams weaned toNFD. Offspring ofHFDdams that remained onHFDs had increasedAHRcompared to offspring ofNFDdams weaned toHFDs. Offspring ofHFDdams had higherBALFcell counts, higher neutrophil percentage, greater total protein, andIL‐6 in theBALF. These results demonstrate that a maternal diet high in saturated fat through pregnancy and lactation plays a key role in programming adult offspring AHR.
Mutational analysis of mitochondrial tRNA genes in patients with lung cancer
Authors: He ZF , Zheng LC , Xie DY , Yu SS , Zhao J
Published: March 2017

Mutations in mitochondrial tRNA (mt-tRNA) genes have been found to be associated with various diseases including lung cancer. To understand the possible relationship between mtRNA mutations and lung cancer, we sequenced the 22 mt-tRNA genes from 200 lung cancer blood samples, as well as 100 healthy subjects. As a result, five mutations were identified including the tRNAAla T5655C, tRNAArg T10454C, tRNALeu(CUN) A12330G, tRNASer(UCN) T7505C and tRNAThr G15927A. These mutations were absent in the healthy subjects. These mutations and polymorphisms were localized at the highly conserved nucleotides of the corresponding mitochondrial tRNAs, which are critical for the tRNA steady state level and may result in failure in the tRNA metabolism. Moreover, through the application of the pathogenicity scoring system, we found that only the T10454C mutation should be classified as a “neutral polymorphism,” while the other mutations were regarded as “definitely pathogenic.” Taken together, our data indicate that tRNA genes are the hot-spots for pathogenic mutations associated with lung cancer. Our findings may provide valuable information for pathophysiology, management and genetic counseling of lung cancer.
Non-arithmetic lattices and the Klein quartic
Authors: Deraux Martin
Published: March 2017

We give an algebro-geometric construction of some of the
non-arithmetic ball quotients constructed by the author, Parker and
Paupert. The new construction reveals a relationship
between the corresponding orbifold fundamental groups and the
automorphism group of the Klein quartic, and also with groups
constructed by Barthel–Hirzebruch–Höfer and Couwenberg–Heckman–Looijenga.
Live birth pregnancy outcome after first in vitro fertilization treatment in a patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and isolated high positive IgA anti-β2glycoprotein I antibodies: a case report
Authors: Andreeva Hristina , Seip Marit , Koycheva Stanislava
Published: March 2017

IgA anti-β2glycoprotein I antibodies (IgA-anti-β2GPI) seems to be the most prevalent isotype in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) with a significant association to thrombotic events. Both SLE and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) can be associated with implantation failure, fetal loss and obstetric complications. Recent reports highlight the clinical value of IgA-anti-β2GPI determination in supporting in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment and IVF pregnancy outcomes. We report a 36-year-old female diagnosed with SLE, endometriosis and unexplained infertility. Conventional APS markers were consistently negative: anti-cardiolipin (aCL) and anti-β2GPI: IgG/IgM. She was then tested with reports of repeatedly high IgA-anti-β2GPI and tested positive from 2014 after IgA (aCL; anti-β2GPI) were established in our APS diagnostic panel. She underwent successful first IVF procedure with a 30 week live birth pregnancy outcome. During the follow up no lupus flare, thrombosis or ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome were registered. Serum IgA anti-β2GPI and anti-dsDNA levels declined statistically significant during the second and third trimester. Titres of IgA-anti-β2GPI remained lower postpartum as well. This case highlights the clinical importance of IgA-anti-β2GPI testing for family planning, assisted reproduction and pregnancy in women with SLE and/or APS.
Leptin Signaling in AgRP Neurons Modulates Puberty Onset and Adult Fertility in Mice
Authors: Egan Olivia K. , Inglis Megan A. , Anderson Greg M.
Published: March 2017

The hormone leptin indirectly communicates metabolic information to brain neurons that control reproduction, using GABAergic circuitry. Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons in the arcuate nucleus are GABAergic, express leptin receptors (LepR), and are known to influence reproduction. This study tested whether leptin actions on AgRP neurons are required and sufficient for puberty onset and subsequent fertility. First,Agrp-Cre andLepr-flox mice were used to target deletion of LepR to AgRP neurons. AgRP-LepR knock-out female mice exhibited mild obesity and adiposity as described previously, as well as a significant delay in the pubertal onset of estrous cycles compared with control animals. No significant differences in male puberty onset or adult fecundity in either sex were observed. Next, mice with a floxed polyadenylation signal causing premature transcriptional termination of theLeprgene were crossed with AgRP-Cre mice to generate mice with AgRP neuron-specific rescue of LepR. Lepr-null control males and females were morbidly obese and exhibited delayed puberty onset, no evidence of estrous cycles, and minimal fecundity. Remarkably, AgRP-LepR rescue partially or fully restored all of these reproductive attributes to levels similar to those of LepR-intact controls despite minimal rescue of metabolic function. These results indicate that leptin signaling in AgRP neurons is sufficient for puberty onset and normal adult fecundity in both sexes when leptin signaling is absent in all other cells and that in females, the absence of AgRP neuron leptin signaling delays puberty. These actions appear to be independent of leptin's metabolic effects.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSexual maturation and fertility are dispensable at the individual level but critical for species survival. Conditions such as nutritional imbalance may therefore suppress puberty onset and fertility in an individual. In societies characterized by widespread obesity, the sensitivity of reproduction to metabolic imbalance has significant public health implications. Deficient leptin signaling attributable to diet-induced leptin resistance is associated with infertility in humans and rodents, and treatments for human infertility show a decreased success rate with increasing body mass index. Here we show that the transmission of metabolic information to the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis is mediated by leptin receptors on AgRP neurons. These results provide conclusive new insights into the mechanisms that cause infertility attributable to malnourishment.
Astrocytic LRP1 Mediates Brain Aβ Clearance and Impacts Amyloid Deposition
Authors: Liu Chia-Chen , Hu Jin , Zhao Na , Wang Jian , Wang Na , Cirrito John R. , Kanekiyo Takahisa , Holtzman David M. , Bu Guojun
Published: March 2017

Accumulation and deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain represent an early and perhaps necessary step in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ accumulation leads to the formation of Aβ aggregates, which may directly and indirectly lead to eventual neurodegeneration. While Aβ production is accelerated in many familial forms of early-onset AD, increasing evidence indicates that impaired clearance of Aβ is more evident in late-onset AD. To uncover the mechanisms underlying impaired Aβ clearance in AD, we examined the role of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) in astrocytes. Although LRP1 has been shown to play critical roles in brain Aβ metabolism in neurons and vascular mural cells, its role in astrocytes, the most abundant cell type in the brain responsible for maintaining neuronal homeostasis, remains unclear. Here, we show that astrocytic LRP1 plays a critical role in brain Aβ clearance. LRP1 knockdown in primary astrocytes resulted in decreased cellular Aβ uptake and degradation. In addition, silencing of LRP1 in astrocytes led to downregulation of several major Aβ-degrading enzymes, including matrix metalloproteases MMP2, MMP9, and insulin-degrading enzyme. More important, conditional knock-out of theLrp1gene in astrocytes in the background of APP/PS1 mice impaired brain Aβ clearance, exacerbated Aβ accumulation, and accelerated amyloid plaque deposition without affecting its production. Together, our results demonstrate that astrocytic LRP1 plays an important role in Aβ metabolism and that restoring LRP1 expression and function in the brain could be an effective strategy to facilitate Aβ clearance and counter amyloid pathology in AD.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAstrocytes represent a major cell type regulating brain homeostasis; however, their roles in brain clearance of amyloid-β (Aβ) and underlying mechanism are not clear. In this study, we used both cellular models and conditional knock-out mouse models to address the role of a critical Aβ receptor, the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) in astrocytes. We found that LRP1 in astrocytes plays a critical role in brain Aβ clearance by modulating several Aβ-degrading enzymes and cellular degradation pathways. Our results establish a critical role of astrocytic LRP1 in brain Aβ clearance and shed light on specific Aβ clearance pathways that may help to establish new targets for AD prevention and therapy.
Enduring Memory Impairments Provoked by Developmental Febrile Seizures Are Mediated by Functional and Structural Effects of Neuronal Restrictive Silencing Factor
Authors: Patterson Katelin P. , Barry Jeremy M. , Curran Megan M. , Singh-Taylor Akanksha , Brennan Gary , Rismanchi Neggy , Page Matias , Noam Yoav , Holmes Gregory L. , Baram Tallie Z.
Published: March 2017

In a subset of children experiencing prolonged febrile seizures (FSs), the most common type of childhood seizures, cognitive outcomes are compromised. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here we identified significant, enduring spatial memory problems in male rats following experimental prolonged FS (febrile status epilepticus; eFSE). Remarkably, these deficits were abolished by transient,post hocinterference with the chromatin binding of the transcriptional repressor neuron restrictive silencing factor (NRSF or REST). This transcriptional regulator is known to contribute to neuronal differentiation during development and to programmed gene expression in mature neurons. The mechanisms of the eFSE-provoked memory problems involved complex disruption of memory-related hippocampal oscillations recorded from CA1, likely resulting in part from impairments of dendritic filtering of cortical inputs as well as abnormal synaptic function. Accordingly, eFSE provoked region-specific dendritic loss in the hippocampus, and aberrant generation of excitatory synapses in dentate gyrus granule cells. Blocking NRSF transiently after eFSE prevented granule cell dysmaturation, restored a functional balance of γ-band network oscillations, and allowed treated eFSE rats to encode and retrieve spatial memories. Together, these studies provide novel insights into developing networks that underlie memory, the mechanisms by which early-life seizures influence them, and the means to abrogate the ensuing cognitive problems.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhereas seizures have been the central focus of epilepsy research, they are commonly accompanied by cognitive problems, including memory impairments that contribute to poor quality of life. These deficits often arise before the onset of spontaneous seizures, or independent from them, yet the mechanisms involved are unclear. Here, using a rodent model of common developmental seizures that provoke epilepsy in a subset of individuals, we identify serious consequent memory problems. We uncover molecular, cellular, and circuit-level mechanisms that underlie these deficits and successfully abolish them by targeted therapeutic interventions. These findings may be important for understanding and preventing cognitive problems in individuals suffering long febrile seizures.
Increasing ED Use of Jet Injection of Lidocaine for IV-Related Pain Management
Authors: Jain Shobhit , Hegenbarth Mary A. , Humiston Sharon G. , Gunter Erin , Anson Lynn , Giovanni Joan E.
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Venipuncture is a leading cause of procedural pain for children. Jet injection of lidocaine (JIL; J-Tip) has been demonstrated to be effective in controlling intravenous (IV) placement–related pain and, due to its rapid onset, is particularly suited to emergency department (ED) use. Our objective was to increase JIL use with IV placements in our ED from 11% at baseline to 50% within 12 months.

METHODS:

We initiated the project at our urban, tertiary pediatric ED in July 2014. We surveyed medical and nursing teams to identify barriers to JIL use. We initiated changes at monthly intervals: (1) order set changes, (2) online education, (3) hands-on workshops, (4) improved accessibility, (5) standing order policy revision, and (6) reminders. We collected biweekly data on IV placements for all ED patients, except level 1 (critical) triage patients. We used standard quality improvement methodology and statistical process control for statistical analysis.

RESULTS:

JIL use with IV placement increased to 54% over 7 months and has remained >50% for >12 months. For all eligible IV placements (n = 12 791), 76.4% of those where JIL was used were successful on the first attempt compared with 75.8% without JIL (χ21degrees of freedom = 0.33, P = .56), with no significant difference in the success at IV placement.

CONCLUSIONS:

We sustainably increased JIL use with IV placement. The use of JIL was not associated with a difference in first-attempt IV placement success rates. We are expanding the project to other parts of the institution.
Del Caribe al Hexágono: la emigración martiniquésa en los anos cincuenta/sesenta
Authors: Milia Monique
Published: March 2017

A emigração dos martiniquenses dos anos 1950/1960 é característica dos movimentos migratórios na região caribenha após a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Essencialmente dirigidos para as antigas metrópoles, estes movimentos migratórios são em parte organizados por agências governamentais, e sustentados por uma política migratória.
Imigração portuguesa, política e cotidiano no Rio de Janeiro do início do século XIX
Authors: Ribeiro Gladys Sabina
Published: March 2017

Este texto discute a política imigratória do governo português desde o final do século XVIII. Pretende também mostrar a importância da mão-de-obra portuguesa na cidade, no início do século XIX.
Identidade de classe e identidade nacional entre solidariedade e conflito: socialistas e republica-nos italianos na São Paulo do início do século XX e suas relações com as associações patrícias e o nascente sindicalismo
Authors: Biondi Luigi
Published: March 2017

No âmbito do estudo da relação imigração italiana – movimento operário, o texto focaliza o conflito entre identidade de classe e identidade nacional na comunidade de trabalhadores italianos imigrados em São Paulo no início do século XX. Em particular é sublinhada a intensa atividade política, mutualista e sindical dos socialistas e republicanos ítalo-paulistanos.
Conflitos de interesses sobre a colonização alemã do sul do Brasil na segunda metade do século XIX
Authors: Cunha Jorge Luiz da
Published: March 2017

Especialmente na segunda metade do século XIX, no contexto dos interesses nacionalista que indicavam a unificação de todos os Estados alemães, um conjunto de episódios produzidos por autoridades e empresários brasileiros e alemães conduziram à interdição por parte da Prússia da emigração para o Brasil, e afetaram consideravelmente o processo de colonização do sul do Brasil com imigrantes alemães.
A Antropofagia e a redescoberta do Brasil
Authors: Kern Maria Lucia Bastos
Published: March 2017

O presente estudo tem em vista analisar o "Manifesto Antropofágico" de Oswald de Andrade e os textos da revista Antropofagia como discursos que procuram construir uma nova identidade brasileira e fundamentam o projeto de modernidade do país.
A participação da nobreza na expansão ultramarina portuguesa
Authors: Fernandes Fátima Regina
Published: March 2017

A nossa proposta de estudo versa sobre o desencontro entre a evolução das estruturas econômicas, sociais e políticas no século XIV-XV, a partir da transição dinástica de Borgonha-Avis, e a análise das permanências e mudanças de elementos estruturais medievais num contexto econômico pré-moderno.
Formas de controle do cotidiano da população urbana setecentista: o direito de almotaçaria
Authors: Pereira Magnus Roberto de Mello
Published: March 2017

A almotaçaria, uma das mais antigas e duradouras instituições das cidades de origem portuguesa foi praticamente ignorada pela historiografia. O presente artigo tem por objetivo resgatar esse tema. Procura demonstrar que as atribuições básicas do direito de almotaçaria (controle do mercado, do sanitário e do edificatório) revelam o núcleo profundo daquilo que era entendido como o urbano. A ciência política tem proposto que o Estado Moderno centralizado nasceu do aprofundamento e desdobramento da esfera administrativa do rei. Todavia, o estudo do direito de almotaçaria pode levar à conclusão que este Estado de políticas públicas nasce pela apropriação das atribuições administrativas da cidade.
Os enigmas de um continente: as origens da Arqueologia americana, 1750-1850
Authors: Langer Johnni
Published: March 2017

O artigo aborda o nascimento da arqueologia americana, durante os séculos XVIII e XIX.
Modernización y la difusión de la telefonia en las ciudades de Porto Alegre y Pelotas (1882-1908)
Authors: Ueda Vanda
Published: March 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como ocorreu a difusão do telefone nas cidades de Porto Alegre e Pelotas. Verificamos os conflitos e estratégias utilizadas pelos diferentes agentes inovadores no momento de sua implantação e difusão.