bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification of Cellulosic Insulation State Based on Smart Life Prediction Approach (SLPA)
Authors: Nezami Md. Manzar , Equbal Md. Danish , Khan Shakeb A. , Sohail Shiraz , Ghoneim Sherif S. M.
Published: June 2021

The state of cellulosic solid kraft paper (CSKP) insulation, to a large extent, is an indication of a transformer’s health. It not only reflects the condition of transformer but also diagnose its residual life. The quantity of 2-furfuraldehyde (2-FAL), carbon dioxide (CO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) dissolved in the transformer oil are useful diagnostic indicators to predict the state of the CSKP insulation. In this work, the current physical state of the CSKP is determined with the help of easily measurable parameters, like temperature, moisture, and the aging time. Here, the degree of deterioration of CSKP insulation has been determined using an integrated insulation health assessment system. This technique integrates a two-stage system comprising of a neural network (NN) model followed by a Smart Life Prediction Approach (SLPA). A thermo-moisture-aging multi-layer feed-forward NN model has been developed to predict the concentrations of 2-FAL, CO2, and CO, which are further correlated to estimate the Degree of Polymerization (DP) values adopting an SLPA. The advantage of the proposed integrated system is that it provides an alternative means of paper health assessment based on Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) without estimating dissolved gas concentrations in oil, thereby avoiding the use of sophisticated measuring instruments. The optimal configuration of the NN model has been achieved at minimum iterations with an average cross-validation mean square error of 3.78 × 10−7. The proposed system thereby avoids destructive and offline measurement of DP and facilitates real-time condition monitoring of oil-immersed transformers. The test results of the developed system show considerable reliability in determining insulation health using easily measurable parameters. Furthermore, the system’s performance is compared with reported work and has been found to provide encouraging outcomes.
Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis: The Characterization and Testing of Pt-Co/SiO2 Catalysts Prepared with Alternative Cobalt Precursors
Authors: Mehrbod Mohammad , Martinelli Michela , Watson Caleb D. , Cronauer Donald C. , Kropf A. Jeremy , Jacobs Gary
Published: June 2021

Different low-cost cobalt precursors (acetate, chloride) and thermal treatments (air calcination/H2 reduction versus direct H2-activation) were investigated to alter the interaction between cobalt and silica. H2-activated catalysts prepared from cobalt chloride had large Co0 particles (XRD, chemisorption) formed by weak interactions between cobalt chloride and silica (temperature programmed reduction (TPR), TPR with mass spectrometry (TPR-MS), TPR with extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) techniques) and retained Cl-blocked active sites, resulting in poor activity. In contrast, unpromoted Co/SiO2 catalysts derived from cobalt acetate had strong interactions between Co species and silica (TPR/TPR-MS, TPR-EXAFS/XANES); adding Pt increased the extent of the Co reduction. For these Pt-promoted catalysts, the reduction of uncalcined catalysts was faster, resulting in larger Co0 clusters (19.5 nm) in comparison with the air-calcined/H2-activated catalyst (7.8 nm). Both catalysts had CO conversions 25% higher than that of the Pt-promoted catalyst prepared in the traditional manner (air calcination/H2 reduction using cobalt nitrate) and three times higher than that of the traditional unpromoted Co/silica catalyst. The retention of residual cobalt carbide (observed in XANES) from cobalt acetate decomposition impacted performance, resulting in a higher C1–C4 selectivity (32.2% for air-calcined and 38.7% for uncalcined) than that of traditional catalysts (17.5–18.6%). The residual carbide also lowered the α-value and olefin/paraffin ratio. Future work will focus on improving selectivity through oxidation–reduction cycles.
Formulation of Development Strategies for Regional Agricultural Resource Potential: The Ukrainian Case
Authors: Shpak Nestor , Kulyniak Ihor , Gvozd Maryana , Vveinhardt Jolita , Horbal Natalia
Published: June 2021

The agricultural sector is one of the leading ones in the economy of many countries, as it creates the basis for their economic growth. Every region in every country has its own unique sphere of social reproduction due to different resource potential, i.e., fertile soils, favourable climatic conditions, etc. Under such conditions, it is irrelevant to choose a single development path for this sector. Given these facts, the study formulates development strategies for regional agricultural development of the country. In particular, we grouped regions into clusters according to the level of development of crop production and stockbreeding potential, as well as investment attractiveness. The method of cluster analysis was used to group regions by the level of capacity development, whilst the matrix method was used to formulate a matrix for choice of the strategy to improve the agricultural potential of regions. On the basis of the conducted analysis, the 3D matrix for the choice of investment strategy of the regional agricultural development of the country depending on the level of development of crop production and stockbreeding potential and investment attractiveness was constructed.
Observation of Diurnal Ground Surface Changes Due to Freeze-Thaw Action by Real-Time Kinematic Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Nakata Yasutaka , Hayamizu Masato , Ishiyama Nobuo , Torita Hiroyuki
Published: June 2021

Ground surface changes caused by freeze-thaw action affect agriculture and forestry, as well as artificial structures such as roads. In this study, an area is examined in which reforestation is urgently needed but the growth of naturally restored seedlings and planted trees is impaired by freeze-thaw action. Thus, a method of measuring freeze-thaw induced ground surface changes and mitigating their negative impacts is needed. Real-time kinematic unmanned aerial vehicle and structure-from-motion multiview stereophotogrammetry are used on slope-failure sites in forest areas to observe the ground surface changes caused by freeze-thaw action over a wide area, in a nondestructive manner. The slope characteristics influencing the ground-surface changes were examined, and it was confirmed that it is possible to observe minute topographical changes of less than ±5 cm resulting from freeze-thaw action. Statistical models show that the amount of freeze-thaw action is mostly linked to the cumulative solar radiation, daily ground-surface temperature range, and topographic-wetness index, which influence the microscale dynamics of the ground surface. The proposed method will be useful for future quantitative assessments of ground-surface conditions. Further, efficient reforestation could be implemented by considering the effects of the factors identified on the amount of freeze-thaw action.
Accuracy in WiFi Access Point Position Estimation Using Round Trip Time
Authors: Garcia-Fernandez Miquel , Hoyas-Ester Isaac , Lopez-Cruces Alex , Siutkowska Malgorzata , Banqué-Casanovas Xavier
Published: June 2021

WiFi Round Trip Time (RTT) unlocks meter level accuracies in user terminal positions where no other navigation systems, such as Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), are able to (e.g., indoors). However, little has been done so far to obtain a scalable and automated system that computes the position of the WiFi Access Points (WAP) using RTT and that is able to estimate, in addition to the position, the hardware biases that offset the WiFi ranging measurements. These biases have a direct impact on the ultimate position accuracy of the terminals. This work proposes a method in which the computation of the WiFi Access Points positions and hardware biases (i.e., products) can be estimated based on the ranges and position fixes provided by user terminals (i.e., inverse positioning) and details how this can be improved if raw GNSS measurements (pseudoranges and carrier phase) are also available in the terminal. The data setup used to obtain a performance assessment was configured in a benign scenario (open sky with no obstructions) in order to obtain an upper boundary on the positioning error that can be achieved with the proposed method. Under these conditions, accuracies better than 1.5 m were achieved for the WAP position and hardware bias. The proposed method is suitable to be implemented in an automated manner, without having to rely on dedicated campaigns to survey 802.11mc-compliant WAPs. This paper offers a technique to automatically estimate both mild-indoor WAP products (where terminals have both Wi-Fi RTT and GNSS coverage) and deep-indoor WAP (with no GNSS coverage where the terminals obtain their position exclusively from previously estimated mild-indoor WAPs).
AI-Driven Framework for Recognition of Guava Plant Diseases through Machine Learning from DSLR Camera Sensor Based High Resolution Imagery
Authors: Almadhor Ahmad , Rauf Hafiz , Lali Muhammad , Damaševičius Robertas , Alouffi Bader , Alharbi Abdullah
Published: June 2021

Plant diseases can cause a considerable reduction in the quality and number of agricultural products. Guava, well known to be the tropics’ apple, is one significant fruit cultivated in tropical regions. It is attacked by 177 pathogens, including 167 fungal and others such as bacterial, algal, and nematodes. In addition, postharvest diseases may cause crucial production loss. Due to minor variations in various guava disease symptoms, an expert opinion is required for disease analysis. Improper diagnosis may cause economic losses to farmers’ improper use of pesticides. Automatic detection of diseases in plants once they emerge on the plants’ leaves and fruit is required to maintain high crop fields. In this paper, an artificial intelligence (AI) driven framework is presented to detect and classify the most common guava plant diseases. The proposed framework employs the ΔE color difference image segmentation to segregate the areas infected by the disease. Furthermore, color (RGB, HSV) histogram and textural (LBP) features are applied to extract rich, informative feature vectors. The combination of color and textural features are used to identify and attain similar outcomes compared to individual channels, while disease recognition is performed by employing advanced machine-learning classifiers (Fine KNN, Complex Tree, Boosted Tree, Bagged Tree, Cubic SVM). The proposed framework is evaluated on a high-resolution (18 MP) image dataset of guava leaves and fruit. The best recognition results were obtained by Bagged Tree classifier on a set of RGB, HSV, and LBP features (99% accuracy in recognizing four guava fruit diseases (Canker, Mummification, Dot, and Rust) against healthy fruit). The proposed framework may help the farmers to avoid possible production loss by taking early precautions.
Development of a Real-Time Surface Solar Radiation Measurement System Based on the Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Rocha Álvaro B. da , Fernandes Eisenhawer de M. , Santos Carlos A. C. dos , Diniz Júlio M. T. , Junior Wanderley F. A.
Published: June 2021

The determination of the levels of solar radiation incident on the terrestrial surface (W·m−2) is essential for several areas such as architecture, agriculture, health, power generation, telecommunications, and climate forecasting models. The high cost of acquiring and maintaining radiometric equipment makes it difficult to create and expand monitoring networks. It contributes to the limited Brazilian radiometric network and affects the understanding and availability of this variable. This paper presents the development of a new surface solar radiation measurement system based on silicon photodiodes (Si) with a spectral range between 300 nm and 1400 nm incorporating Internet of Things (IoT) technology with an estimated cost of USD 200. The proposed system can provide instantaneous surface solar radiation levels, connectivity to wireless networks and an exclusive web system for monitoring data. For the sake of comparison, the results were compared with those provided by a government meteorology station (INMet). The prototype validation resulted in determination coefficients (R2) greater than 0.95 while the statistical analysis referred to the results and uncertainties for the range of ±500 kJ·m−2, less than 4.0% for the developed prototypes. The proposed system operates similarly to pyranometers based on thermopiles providing reliable readings, a low acquisition and maintenance cost, autonomous operation, and applicability in the most varied climatological and energy research types. The developed system is pending a patent at the National Institute of Industrial Property under registration BR1020200199846.
Link-Correlation-Aware Opportunistic Routing in Low-Duty-Cycle Wireless Networks
Authors: Shen Xingfa , Liu Lili , Ni Zhenxian , Liu Mingxin , Zhao Bei , Shang Yuling
Published: June 2021

In low-duty-cycle wireless networks with unreliable and correlated links, Opportunistic Routing (OR) is extremely costly because of the unaligned working schedules of nodes within a common candidate forwarder set. In this work, we propose a novel polynomial-time node scheduling scheme considering link correlation for OR in low-duty-cycle wireless networks (LDC-COR), which significantly improves the performance by assigning nodes with low correlation to a common group and scheduling the nodes within this group to wake up simultaneously for forwarding packets in a common cycle. By taking account of both link correlation and link quality, the performance of the expected transmission count (ETX) is improved by adopting the LDC-COR protocol. As a result, the energy consumption of low-duty-cycle OR is significantly reduced. LDC-COR only requires the information of one-hop neighboring nodes which introduces minimal communication overhead. The proposed LDC-COR bridges the gap between the nodes’ limited energy resource and the application lifetime requirements. We evaluate the performance of LDC-COR with extensive simulations and a physical wireless testbed consisting of 20 TelosB nodes. The evaluation results show that both transmission efficiency and energy consumption of low-duty-cycle OR are significantly improved with only a slight increase of end-to-end delay.
Refined Mode-Clustering via the Gradient of Slope
Authors: Zhang Kunhui , Chen Yen-Chi
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we propose a new clustering method inspired by mode-clustering that not only finds clusters, but also assigns each cluster with an attribute label. Clusters obtained from our method show connectivity of the underlying distribution. We also design a local two-sample test based on the clustering result that has more power than a conventional method. We apply our method to the Astronomy and GvHD data and show that our method finds meaningful clusters. We also derive the statistical and computational theory of our method.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Tax Aggressiveness: A Scientometric Analysis of the Existing Literature to Map the Future
Authors: Issah Osman , Rodrigues Lúcia Lima
Published: June 2021

Using data from 2003 to 2020, this study uses a scientometric approach to investigate the nexus between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and corporate tax aggressiveness research. The objective is to identify under-explored regions, variables, citation patterns, theories, and unexplored topics in the body of knowledge to establish trends in publications on issues about corporate social responsibility and corporate tax aggressiveness. In addition, the study also considers publication journal areas of focus. Research linking CSR and tax avoidance using VOSviewer and triangulating with CiteSpace, by way of approach, is not found in the literature. The findings suggest that CSR and corporate tax aggressiveness researchers do not use far-reaching relevant theories and applicable findings from studies beyond their clusters. Another finding is that African countries remain under-explored due to the absence of institutional representation and an adequate number of investigators regarding CSR and corporate tax aggressiveness research. Finally, the study reveals a number of research topics to be explored. Governments, particularly in developing economies, should create policies that define taxes as part of an entity’s CSR narrative to enhance transparency and legitimacy. In addition, the study is of immense significance to master and PhD students since it provides an agenda for future research.
Determinants of Electricity Consumption and Volatility-Driven Innovative Roadmaps to One Hundred Percent Renewables for Top Consuming Nations in Africa
Authors: Agyei-Sakyi Mark , Shao Yunfei , Amos Oppong , Marymargaret Armah
Published: June 2021

The determinants of providing affordable electricity for all in top energy-consuming African countries vary and are in line with the percentage of the current population with access to electricity and volatility in a country’s electric power system, but there is rare evidence of such research. This study categorizes Egypt–Algeria as a panel of countries with 100% access to electricity, and Nigeria–South Africa as otherwise, to investigate the causal relationship between domestic electricity demand, renewable electricity generation, population, and GDP. The study proposed and implemented a novel machine learning model for viable and volatility-driven pathways for renewable electric power transition up to 2030. Results from Pedroni cointegration analysis suggest no evidence of long-run relationships among the variables. Nonetheless, there exists a short-run unidirectional causal relationship from GDP to electricity consumption for Nigeria–South Africa; all except Egypt can achieve 100% access to green electricity. The implication is that, through radical renewable electricity generation innovations, countries can achieve renewable-dominated electric power systems despite expected disruptions from the coronavirus pandemic. For sustainable energy planning, countries aiming to achieve 100% renewables is possible due to the radical transition pathways since it takes into account the volatility.
The Effectiveness of Integral Urban Strategies: Policy Theory and Target Scale. The European URBAN I Initiative and Employment
Authors: Navarro-Yáñez Clemente J.
Published: June 2021

Integrated urban development strategies are shaping a new policy frame to cope with the complexity of urban problems. This implies multi-level policy mixes involving multiple goals, the collaboration between different actors, and policy theories based on complementarity between different policy tools (and their causal processes). As in other policies, the third aspect has been less analysed. This article studied the theory behind policy mixes developed in the European Union URBAN I Initiative framework and the effects on its employment inclusion goal. The policy theory suggests complementary effects between policy actions oriented toward economic activities and those oriented at increasing employment skills to, in turn, increase residents’ inclusion in the labour market. The quasi-experimental approach applied at the neighbourhood level in Spain showed a moderate influence on employment among the youngest age cohorts and a more evident impact on business density. Nevertheless, evidence concerning the complementarity between actions oriented at improving labour market demand and labour market supply in targeted neighbourhoods suggested in the program theory is less convincing. This exercise showed the methodological challenges in assessing the effectiveness of integral urban initiatives and offered some suggestions regarding the policy theory behind them through a European Union case.
Environmental, Economic, and Social Potentialities of Ornamental Vegetation Cultivated in Constructed Wetlands of Mexico
Authors: Zitácuaro-Contreras Irma , Vidal-Álvarez Monserrat , Hernández y Orduña María Graciela , Zamora-Castro Sergio Aurelio , Betanzo-Torres Erick Arturo , Marín-Muñíz José Luis , Sandoval-Herazo Luis Carlos
Published: June 2021

Sustainable development implies the proper use of natural resources, such as water resources, but the environmental, economic, and social benefits should also be considered. In the water sector, for example, sanitation is one of the challenges that arise in rural localities. However, issues related to it may be solved with the use of constructed wetlands (CWs), which may allow the cultivation of ornamental plants with phytoremediation properties. Through a content analysis, the environmental, economic, and social potential of ornamental species used in Mexico for phytoremediation in CWs is documented in this study. The environmental potential of the plants was considered based on their phytoremediation properties. The economic potential was determined from research articles and from the National Agri-Food Information System. The social potential was analyzed considering the ornamental and artisanal use of the plants. In total, 21 species of phytoremediation plants were identified. Anthurium andreanum and Zantedeschia aethiopica stand out for their commercial value, reported in 2018 to be 272,875 and 30,318 USD, respectively, at the national level. The social potential was identified by the ornamental or artisanal use for flower arrangements and weaving. This study reveals that the use of CWs with ornamental vegetation is a sustainable option to clean wastewater, reuse water, and generate economic incentives. Thus, it is essential to provide the community with adequate training for the management of CWs in those sites that lack treatment systems.
New Beach Landscapes to Promote Social Distancing and Coastal Conservation during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Moreno-Casasola Patricia , Martínez Marisa Luisa , Lithgow Debora
Published: June 2021

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic that has altered practically all human activities worldwide. Since the pandemic started at the beginning of 2020, infections have fluctuated drastically over time. It is difficult to predict how this situation will evolve in the coming months/years or when a return to some semblance of ’normal’ activity might occur. Because of global lock-up and distancing measures, the beaches, otherwise filled with tourists, first emptied and then had a reduced density of visitors owing to a wide variety of social-distancing measures. Therefore, new safety protocols need to include a wide range of aspects, such as epidemiological conditions, socioeconomic realities, and ecological contexts in which the pandemic occurs. Here, we propose new nature-based landscapes for sandy beaches to help maintain the social distancing of beach visitors while beaches and dunes are restored. When sufficient sediment is available, the maintenance and restoration of healthy beaches with incipient dunes and vegetation will help reduce contagion, promote human health, and recover natural ecosystems.
Optimization of Fuel Injection Parameters of Moringa oleifera Biodiesel-Diesel Blend for Engine-Out-Responses Improvements
Authors: Teoh Yew Heng , How Heoy Geok , Sher Farooq , Le Thanh Danh , Ong Hwai Chyuan , Nguyen Huu Tho , Yaqoob Haseeb
Published: June 2021

Biodiesel has gained popularity in diesel engines as a result of the rapid decline of fossil fuels and population growth. The processing of biodiesel from non-edible Moringa Oleifera was investigated using a single-step transesterification technique. Both fuels had their key physicochemical properties measured and investigated. In a common-rail diesel engine, the effects of MB50 fuel blend on the symmetric characteristics of engine-out responses were evaluated under five load settings and at 1000 rpm. As compared to standard diesel, MB50 increased brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions while lowering brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and smoke emissions for all engine loads. A further study of injection pressure and start of injection (SOI) timing for MB50 fuel was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM optimization resulted in improved combustion dynamics due to symmetry operating parameters, resulting in a simultaneous decrease in NOx and smoke emissions without sacrificing BTE. RSM is an efficient optimization method for achieving optimal fuel injection parameter settings, as can be deduced. As a result, a clearer understanding of the use of MB50 fuel in diesel engines can be given, allowing for the best possible engine efficiency.
Side Effects Reported by Jordanian Healthcare Workers Who Received COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors: Abu-Hammad Osama , Alduraidi Hamza , Abu-Hammad Shaden , Alnazzawi Ahmed , Babkair Hamzah , Abu-Hammad Abdalla , Nourwali Ibrahim , Qasem Farah , Dar-Odeh Najla
Published: June 2021

Background Distribution of COVID-19 vaccines has been surrounded by suspicions and rumors making it necessary to provide the public with accurate reports from trustworthy experts such as healthcare professionals. Methods We distributed a questionnaire in Jordan among physicians, dentists and nurses who received a COVID-19 vaccine to explore the side effects (SE) they encountered after the first or the second dose of one of three vaccines namely: AstraZeneca Vaxzevria (AZ), Pfizer-BioNTeck (PB), and SinoPharm (SP) vaccines. Results A total of 409 professionals participated. Approximately 18% and 31% of participants reported no SE after the first dose and second dose, respectively. The remainder had mostly local side effects related to injection site (74%). Systemic side effects in the form of fatigue (52%), myalgia (44%), headache (42%), and fever (35%) prevailed mainly after the first dose. These were significantly associated with AZ vaccine, and age ≤ 45 years (p = 0.000 and 0.01, respectively). No serious SE were reported. Conclusions We can conclude that SE of COVID-19 vaccines distributed in Jordan are within the common range known so far for these vaccines. Further studies are needed to include larger sample size and longer follow-up period to monitor possible serious and long-term SE of the vaccines.
Pengembangan UMKM Melalui Pemanfaatan Model Layanan Fintech Syariah Ammana.id
Authors: Yahya Adibah , Affandy Azhar , Narimawati Umi
Published: June 2021

Financial teknologi merupakan inovasi teknologi di bidang keuangan, berbagai layanan diberikan oleh perusahaan startup secara daring mulai dari lalu lintas pembayaran, asuransi, pembiayaan hingga penilaian risiko perusahaan. Kemudahan layanan fintech, dijadikan sebagai alasan pelaku UMKM mengembangkan usahanya terutama dalam hal pendanaan dan pembiayaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji model layanan fintech syariah ammana.id dalam menegmbangkan UMKM di Indonesia. Peran pemerintah dalam hal ini Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) sebagai pembuat kebijakan atas jasa keuangan yang beroperasi di Indonesia. Peraturan atas fintech terdapat Peraturan OJK (PJOK) Nomor 77 Tahun 2016 tentang layanan pinjam-meminjam yang berbasis teknologi informasi atau fintech pinjaman. UMKM merupakan salah satu pengguna fintech melalui model layanan P2P Lending. Model layanan fintech syariah terutama P2P Lending yang digunakan oleh perusahaan fintech Ammana telah banyak membantu pelaku usaha dan mikro (UMKM). Ammana merupakan perusahaan fintech yang berbasis syariah, dimana model layanan fintech berupa pendanaan dan pembiayaan yang diberikan kepada para pelaku usaha UMKM melalui kerjasama dengan lembaga syariah. Dengan penerapan sistem bagi hasil, ammana memiliki tingkat keberhasilan penyelesaian kewajiban pinjam meminjam (TKB) sebesar 94,81%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi TKB maka semakin baik penyelenggaraan dalam pelayanan pembiayaan berbasis teknologi informasi. Ammana telah menyalurkan dana sesuai syariah kepada 2.285 pelaku usaha dan mikro serta memiliki 1.445 pemberi dana serta sebanyak 23 Milyar telah diserap dalam pada model layanan P2P lending. Kepuasan atas kinerja Ammana dibuktikan dengan peningkatan jumlah investor dan peminjam, serta mitra lembaga keuangan syariah yang turut andil dalam layanan fintech tersebut.
Use of Ultrasound to Assess Hemodynamics in Acutely Ill Patients
Authors: Safadi Sami , Murthi Sarah , Kashani Kianoush B.
Published: June 2021

Early diagnosis of AKI and preventive measures can likely decrease the severity of the injury and improve patient outcomes. Current hemodynamic monitoring variables, including BP, heart and respiratory rates, temperature, and oxygenation status, have been used to identify patients at high risk for AKI. Despite the widespread use of such variables, their ability to accurately and timely detect patients who are high risk has been questioned. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop and validate tools that can measure new and more kidney-specific hemodynamic and laboratory variables, potentially assisting with AKI risk stratification, implementing appropriate and timely preventive measures, and hopefully improved outcomes. The new ultrasonography techniques provide novel insights into kidney hemodynamics and potential management and/or therapeutic targets. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography; Doppler flow patterns of hepatic veins, portal vein, and intrakidney veins; and ultrasound elastography are among approaches that may provide such information, particularly related to vascular changes in AKI, venous volume excess or congestion, and fluid tolerance. This review summarizes the current state of these techniques and their relevance to kidney hemodynamic management.
Style syncretism of the beginning of the XX century: the novel “I Haven’t Seen Flowers” by Denys Lukiyanovych
Authors:   Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Shmorlivska Liliya
Published: June 2021

In the article the short story “I haven’t seen flowers” (1904) written by Denys Lukiyanovych (1873–1965) and published only in the edition of the “Literaturno-Naukovyi Visnyk” is analyzed. It is stated that the novel is closely included in the thematic, genre-stylistic paradigm of modernism of the beginning of the twentieth century, has the main stylistic features of the analyzed period, in particular the poetics of impressionism and expressionism, sometimes naturalism. The figurative system, genre features and motives of the work are studied. The following characteristic features of the poetics of impressionism are revealed: visual and auditory perception, the presence of a lyrical hero, focusing on the innerworld of the character, leveling the significance of the dynamics of the plot. The use of images inherent in impressionism works, such as death (fluidity of time), city (mechanical life), flowers (eternity in beauty), etc. is evaluated. Attention is paid to the reception of the use of characters and replicas of characters in an epic work. The trinity “author-narrator-lyrical hero”, formed on the basis of the merger of these images, is analyzed. The use of artistic contrast in the depiction of the experience of lyrical hero is evaluated. An attempt is made to demonstrate the fragmentary, allusiveness and unprovability of writing in herentin the Impressionist style. The article also focuses on the expression of the worldview of the heroes through the prism of personal and social problems. The cult of suffering of the main character as such, which is obvious in every earthly life, is analyzed. By leveling the significance of “temporary” values, the author shows that human life is only a temporary phenomenon, on of the intermediate links of existence. Because of such interpretation of this stylistic trend, another trinity is offered, that one can notice in the work, “author-hero-reader”, because it is the latter who has to “conduct” all these “expressions” through himself. It is noted that the manifestation of naturalistic details further exaggerate the concept of death and suffering. They vividly convey the physical and emotional state of the hero, who is struggling to survive as an earthly being, but still strives for eternity. The novel is compared with other texts similar in style and written in one temporal and cultural dimension. The features of literary “value" in comparison with other works of the mentioned epoch are clarified. The conclusion about the application of stylistic syncretism at the turn of the century is made.
Language expressive means of moral and ethical portrait of a monk in the Kyiv-Pechersk patericon text
Authors:   O.O. Potebnia Institute of Linguistics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Honcharenko Alina
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of a fragment of Kyiv Rus’ linguistic picture of the world and to the reconstruction of human ethic orientations of the Early Middle Age. The aim of this scientific research is to highlight the semantic scope and functions of language units in the Kyiv-Pechersk Patericon are to describe the moral and ethic portrait of a monk. The proposed theme of a study allows updating the analysis aimed at the reconstruction of the Old Ruthenians ethical ideals. The Kyiv-Pechersk Patericon is the first original collection of lives of the Old East Slavic saints of the 13th century. It does not only fully describe the images of the first Rus’ ascetics, but thanks to its unique structure it is the only one among the East Slavic written papers, which gives a valuable possibility to unite different materials into a holistic picture of the moral life in ancient Kyiv. The linguistic means of depicting the moral and ethical characteristics of the inhabitants of the monastery became the subject of the study. It is concluded that in the selection of the characteristics of the monks in the text under consideration there is a tendency to idealize, focus on the literary etiquette norms and highlight the concept of the honor of the clergy. A special attention is paid to such qualities as the allegiance to Christian teaching, humbleness, restraint, mercy, expressed through about 40 positively connotated substantive and adjective lexemes (some negative characteristics are isolated and, therefore, are not involved in the analysis). The selected names don’t perform any terminological functions (they are not components of the titles of the highest ranks of the clergy or namings of the faces of holiness) but rather represent moral and ethical characteristics. In the use of most part of laudatory epithets-definitions there is a tendency to associate them with a specific person, which in the process of further canonization will be the basis for the inclusion of each of them in the certain category of sainthood. According to the origin and character of their use, these lexemes pertain to the church-bookish element. The consistency in refusing to borrow Greek or Latin words to denote the holiness idea indicates a high level of language and cultural-religion consciousness and can be regarded as the main feature of the Slavic choice in denoting this idea. The proposed article considers one of the fragments of the lexical originality of the Kyiv-Pechersk Patericon, which opens us prospects for further studies of this ancient text at different language levels.
Contextual analysis of communicative situations of will expression (based on the novel “A Monologue in my Son’s Face” written by Mykhaylo Ivasyuk)
Authors:   Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Daskaliuk Oksana
Published: June 2021

A nonfiction narrative is an image of a certain reality through the prism of the author’s vision. In the story the author can use not only descriptions or reflections, but also situations of communication, which contain features of communicative behaviour of certain social groups during the timeline described in the text. The novel “A Monologue in My Son’s Face” written by Mykhailo Ivasyuk can be considered as an example of such a work. Not only the described events correspond to the spirit of that time, but also do so the communicative models, in particular the situations of motivation. The purpose of our study is to describe the situations of will expression in the work, to find out how it complements the features of the characters and records the peculiarities of communicative behaviour of the inhabitants of Soviet Ukraine at the time mentioned in the novel. The study will analyse the communicative situations of motivation, identify the linguistic means of motivation, describe the book characters through their methods of volitional influence presented by the author. The study aims to find out how the writer's creative idea is comprehended through individual situations (in this case through motivation). It also investigates, how the description of book characters can be complemented by contextual analysis. The study will draw conclusions about the communicative behaviour of certain segments of the Ukrainian society for the period described in the work. The object of the study were motivational constructions from the period of adult life of Volodymyr Ivasyuk, as there are many examples of communication with representatives of different segments of the Ukrainian population. The main characters almost do not use verbs in the imperative mood, motivating interlocutors through indirect means, for example, with the word want, would like, questions, emphasis on the benefits of the proposed action and so on. The author makes more decisive demands as a statement of fact or conveys through the predicate word “need”. Interestingly, the prepositional word “must”, which can be interpreted as addressed form of the word “need”, was used only twice, and even so, in situations involving public service guidelines. Another feature that allows us to characterize Volodymyr Ivasyuk as a rather self-demanding personality is the use of word “need” in situations of self-motivation. Verbs in the form of the imperative mood are found in situations of unappealable expression of will by officials, which were accompanied by using the word “thou” and the Russian language. This way of managing a much older person, because it is addressed to the father of Volodymyr Ivasyuk, who was looking for his missing son, complements the negative impression of these characters. In the end, such communicative behaviour is fully consistent with the realities of that time, although it might depended on the personality of the speaker.
Characteristics of language personality of the US president Donald Trump
Authors:   O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Ilienko Olena , Shumeiko Liudmyla ,   O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the linguistic personality of President Donald Trump, taking into account this status in political discourse. The president, as an elected representative of power, acts primarily in certain communication genres, and the content of his speeches, statements, appeals reflects both the policy of the state in general in a certain period of time, and specific political intentions. Thus, even within the limits of the regulated political discourse in modern conditions of communication individual features of the person as the president of the country are seen. The article analyzes Trump’s speeches and tweets in terms of their lexical, syntactic, and epideictic content, highlights the key words that denote the basic concepts of President Trump’s activities and serve as a means of rhetorical influence. The article presents and analyses the key words in Trump’s speeches. They are as follows: America, Americans, democracy, success, president, to defend, hounorable, responsibility, to promise, which, in general, help to form the image of the President who is ready to take responsibility for the democratic values of Americans. The traditional topics of the President’s speeches are finance, war and peace, protection of the country, its food and legislation. Syntactically, Trump’s speeches and statements are characterized by the use of simple, short sentences, in the content of which there is the use of simple, unambiguous nouns with the strong emotional meaning – fear, pride, crisis, dream, success. As a means of rhetorical influence, Trump places the most meaningful positions of his speeches at the end of sentences with logical emphasis on them. A lot of points in Trump’s speeches are the expressions of gratitude, jokes, references, and other means of establishing the connection with the audience and expressing hi own personal position. A feature of the linguistic personality in modern communication is the use of social networks, where there may be some deviations from the formalized institutional political discourse in terms of grammar and style, and this fact as clearly as possible also characterizes Trump’s language personality. For political discourse, especially in the country with the democratic values, the reaction of the society, feedback from the people of a government official’s activities is important, and social networks can fully provide the people’s immediate response to the President’s activity, so the communication can be full, not one-sided.
Peculiarities of medical advertising discourse
Authors:   Zaporizhzhia State Medical University, Tsupikova Olena
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of medical advertising discourse, particular features of the advertised objects are outlined, functions and reasons of medications advertising discourse are described, and methods of influencing the addressee in this discourse are analyzed. It is stated that in the modern Ukrainian advertising reality a significant place is occupied by medical goods and services advertising. The relevance and importance of an in-depth study of this discourse are substantiated. The purpose of this article is to analyze the features of medical advertising discourse. Descriptive and functional research methods and a dictionary definition analysis method constitute a research methodology. The results of the study allowed concluding that medications advertising discourse has some features due to its subject area – intended for human health. Therefore, medical advertising discourse requires more detailed argumentation, persuasion, and evidentiality. The main functions of medical advertising discourse are distinguished, inter alia informational and pragmatic ones. The intelligence presents the key reasons stimulating the target audience to make a specific purchase: a reason for health, pain relief, desire to improve health, disease prevention, improving appearance, guidelines for the quality of medication, rate of response, and others. The main focus is the analysis of methods of influence on the addressee in the medical advertising discourse. These are methods of comparison, «appeal to figures of authority» method, application of a recommendation system, statistics provision, demonstrating concern for consumer health, creating a positive pragmatic background, unrevealed criticism of other medications, the opposition of «outdated» and «modern» in pharmacology, «scenario: problem-solution» method. The author notes that the peculiarities of medical advertising discourse require copywriters to find new ways to present information about medications. The article emphasizes that a characteristic feature and a mandatory component of medical advertising discourse is to warn of the risks of self-medication, the need for specialized medical consultation, and reading the instructions. The novelty of the scientific intelligence results lays in the study of the medical advertising discourse features, in particular the analysis of methods of linguistic manipulation with the conscious and the subconscious of the recipient in medical advertising texts.
Self-Reference discourse in Andrzej Chciuk’s recollective dilogy «Atlantis» and «Lunar Land»
Authors:   Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, Durkalevych Viktoriya
Published: June 2021

The article explores the system of self-reference expressions as an important structural element of A. Chciuk’s recollective dilogy «Atlantis» and «Lunar Land». The question of complex and multidimensional connections between literature, self-identity and place is considered. It is shown how and with what strategies the literature works with a complex experience of loss. Most of contemporary literary studies devoted to the mentioned dilogy focus mainly on the specifics of the narrated world, the issues of bałak, the characteristics of ethnocultural discourse or genre and style features. Instead, there is a lack of research on the self-reflexive dimension widely represented in the dilogy «Atlantis» and «Lunar Land». Research of this dimension as an important structural element of A. Chciuk’s texts will provide a better understanding of the peculiarities of the creation and functioning of a particular model of memoirs with the possibility of its further typology and contextualization, in particular in terms of a clearly signaled need to create new historical literary projects. One of the characteristic features common to both books by A. Chciuk can be considered a developed self-reference dimension, which covers various aspects of the creation and functioning of the recollective emigration narrative. The narrator of «Atlantis» and «Lunar Land» is interested not only in what and how to tell, but also in the very nature of writing. In narrator’s opinion, writing is always an anthropocentric act, a way of self-expression, work with individual experience, an attempt to discover self-constitution, the search for self-identity. The self-reference discourse of «Atlantis» and «Lunar Land» also reveals the relationships that are built between literature, self-identity and place. The narrativization of memory is a work with complex traumatic experience, complex frontier space, complex anthroposphere, burdened with destructive autostereotypes and heterostereotypes. The complex analysis of A. Chciuk’s recollective dilogy «Atlantis» and «Lunar Land» allows us to assert that self-reference is one of its important structural elements. It is important for the narrator to find out the compositional, thematic and genre features of writing about the past. In the center of narrator’s interest are such fundamental categories as memory, reminiscence and recollection. Writing, according to the subject of the narration, is always self-centered, (re)constructive, and meaningful. Writing about the past also means showing the complex interrelationships between self-identity, place, and experience. The self-reference dimension also focuses on the ways and strategies of writing about the phenomenology of the local community and cultural frontier’s functioning. The dilogy offers, therefore, a kind of methodology for modeling a recollective emigration self-narrative through overcoming the stereotype of multicultural idyll.