bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Creative Drama Method on the Success in Basic Language Skills, Grammar and Vocabulary Teaching Fields in Turkish Lesson: Meta-Analysis Study
Authors: GEÇİCİ Fidan , AZİZOĞLU Nahide İrem
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the creative drama method on the success in basic language skills (listening, reading, speaking, writing), grammar, and vocabulary teaching fields in Turkish lessons by using the meta-analysis method. 37 Effect sizes within 24 different studies were reviewed. Publication type, class level, skill areas, practice time were used as moderator variables in this research. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 2 (CMA 2) was utilized to analyze the studies determined in the research. According to the results, the creative drama method creates positive (significant) impacts on basic language skills (listening, reading, speaking, writing), grammar, and vocabulary teaching fields (z=9.959; p=.000). As time increases in creative drama applications, the effect of application increases at the same time. However, it is also found that the effect of the creative drama method on students’ success does not significantly vary by publication type and class level. Moreover, the effect of creative drama on students’ success varies by skill areas while the highest effect size is in speaking skill and the lowest effect size is in vocabulary teaching.
Fen Öğretmenlerinin TPAB temelli Argümantasyon Uygulamalarıyla Jeoloji Dersi Planlama Performanslarının İncelenmesi
Authors: ÜNAL ÇOBAN Gül , KOCAGÜL Merve , AKPINAR Ercan , BARAN Bahar
Published: October 2022

Bu çalışma jeoloji öğretiminde TPAB temelli argümantasyon uygulamaları tasarlama konusunda fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin performanslarını ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Katılımcılarını mesleki gelişim programına katılan 32 fen bilimleri öğretmeninin oluşturduğu çalışmada bütüncül tekli durum çalışması deseni kullanılmıştır. Öğretmenler tarafından kullanılan video vb. tüm materyaller ile Pedagojik Akıl Yürütme Değerlendirme Formu (PADF) veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Ders planları için puanlama rubriği aracılığıyla betimsel analiz, PDAF için içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Bulgular öğretmenlerin TPAB göstergelerini derslerinde kullanma konusunda başarılı olduklarını göstermiştir. Bulgular ayrıca öğretmenlerin mesleki gelişim programında öğrendikleri ile süreç değerlendirmenin iyileştirilebileceğini düşündüklerini ancak ders planlarında değerlendirme için teknoloji kullanmadıklarını ortaya çıkarmıştır. Argümantasyon süreciyle ilgili olarak, öğretmenlerin argümanlarını tek bir çürütücü ile oluşturmaya eğilimli oldukları ve gerekçe kullanamadıkları bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte, öğretmenler iddia, çürütücü ve destekleyici kaliteleri bakımından yüksek puanlara sahip olmalarına rağmen, veri sunma ve iddiayı gerekçelendirme konusunda bazı problemler yaşamaktadırlar. PADF bulguları, TPAB temelli argümantasyon uygulamalarının bazı açılardan ders planlarını zenginleştirdiğini göstermiştir.
MIDDLE JURASSIC TURBIDITES OF THE ELGON FORMATION OF THE ULBAN TERRANE: SEDIMENTOLOGICAL FEATURES AND PALEOCURRENT DIRECTIONS
Authors:   Kosygin Institute of Tectonics and Geophysics, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zyabrev S.V. , Kudymov A.V. ,   Kosygin Institute of Tectonics and Geophysics, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Peskov A.Yu. ,   Kosygin Institute of Tectonics and Geophysics, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Karetnikov A.S. ,   Kosygin Institute of Tectonics and Geophysics, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Didenko A.N. ,   Kosygin Institute of Tectonics and Geophysics, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2022

The Ulban terrane composed of a thick sedimentary series of Jurassic clastic deposits is located at the junction of the Mongol-Okhotsk and Sikhote-Alin orogenic belts. The results of the study of the deposits assigned to the Middle Jurassic Elgon Formation are presented. The structure of the sedimentary succession and sedimentological features are considered and illustrated, which indicate sand-reach turbidite sedimentation in a setting of sandy lobe of turbidite cones or ramps. The paleocurrent directions measured in outcrops and calculated using the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility suggest the transport of clastic material from the western or southwestern sources.
Implementation of FCM Approach: Challenges Before Teachers and Identification of Gaps
Authors: Alahmadi Alaa , Saleem Mohammad
Published: October 2022

FCM is a new approach to lesson delivery in most of the developing world, and neither the (higher education) system, nor the teachers and learners are prepared and well-equipped to handle the demands of the approach. The present study was conducted to document the challenges before teachers implementing FCM in EFL/ESL classrooms. The study was conducted as an end-of-term survey using questionnaires and interview techniques for data collection. The questionnaire was comprised of statements on methods, materials, mode of delivery, and feedback to learners, while the semi-unstructured interviews were meant to gather a narrative account of teachers’ experiences in implementing FCM approach to language teaching. 50 university teachers from Saudi Arabia were surveyed for the study. The obtained results present a picture of difficulties before ESL teachers in implementing FCM. The majority of the participants (mean=49.8) opine that they face one or the other challenge when they use FCM approach in ESL classrooms. Roughly one third (mean=31.6) of the participants expressed that they do not face any challenges in implementing FCM. In the semi-structured interview sessions, the teachers expressed their dissatisfaction with the approach, and said they are generally ill-equipped to deliver lessons and address feedback issues effectively.
Solving word problems involving triangles by transitional engineering students: Learning outcomes and implications
Authors: Guo William
Published: October 2022

Transitional engineering students are those who are academically ineligible to enter a bachelor’s engineering program but are enrolled in an associate engineering program with a university. Successful completion of such an associate engineering program allows the higher achievers to transfer to a full bachelor’s engineering program. The associate engineering program is taken commonly by self-employed tradesmen, technical workers, and young apprentices in regional, rural, and remote (RRR) areas. The foundation engineering mathematics course in the associate engineering program, particularly knowledge and skills in solving word problems involving triangles, plays a key role for the smooth transition of these students to the engineering disciplinary courses. However, there is little we have known about the performances of the transitional engineering students in solving problems involving triangles as the associate engineering programs are not among the mainstream of undergraduate programs. This study analyzed the 27 transitional engineering students’ performances in solving word problems involving triangles assigned to the students in the foundation mathematics course at a regional Australian university and found that the RRR transitional engineering students demonstrated a higher level of study ethics and achievement in solving word problems involving triangles, compared with the RRR student mathematics teachers. This seems mainly due to the professional experiences in delivering real-world projects prior to the start of their mathematics learning. Further research should be expanded to more areas of mathematics to gauge the overall performances of the transitional engineering students in mathematics learning and progression.
Trends in Pediatric Palliative Care Research (TPPCR) 2022; Issue #9: Commentary on Dorman et al.
Authors: Ozono Shuichi
Published: October 2022

This TPPCR commentary discusses the 2022 paper by Dorman et al., “Family experiences with palliative care in freestanding paediatric hospices: A scoping review” published in BMJ Supportive Palliative Care.
Research: Gift-giving in China follows the norms
Authors: Nguyen Quang-Loc
Published: October 2022

Gift-giving is a common practice around the world. In Asian societies influenced by Confucianism, gift-giving involves complex norms and underlying meanings in interpersonal relationships.
Research: Gift-giving in China follows the norms
Authors: Mindsponge AISDL
Published: October 2022

Gift-giving is a common practice around the world. In Asian societies influenced by Confucianism, gift-giving involves complex norms and underlying meanings in interpersonal relationships. Gift-giving in China is a deeply integrated aspect of various social interactions, including social obligations in politics and business.
Impact-based probabilistic modeling of hydro-morphological processes in China (1985-2015)
Authors: Wang Nan , Cheng Weiming , Zhang Hongyan , van Westen Cees , Xiong Junnan , Liu Changjun , Lombardo Luigi
Published: October 2022

Hydro-morphological processes (HMP, any natural phenomenon contained within the spectrum defined between debris flows and flash floods) pose a relevant threat to infrastructure, urban and rural settlements and to lives in general. This has been widely observed in recent years and will likely become worse as climate change will influence the spatio-temporal pattern of precipitation events. The modelling of where HMP-driven hazards may occur can help define the appropriate course of actions before and during a crisis, reducing the potential losses that HMPs cause in their wake. However, the probabilistic information on locations prone to experience a given hazard is not sufficient to depict the risk our society may incur. To cover this aspect, modeling the loss information could open up to better territorial management strategies.In this work, we made use of the HMP catalogue of China. This catalogue reports reliable records from 1985 to 2015 across the whole Chinese territory. Specifically, we implemented the Light Gradient Boosting (LGB) classifier to model the impact level that locations across China have suffered from HMPs over the thirty-year record. In doing so, we estimated spatial probabilities of certain HMP impact, something that has yet to be tested in the natural hazard community, especially over such a large spatio-temporal domain.This experiment follows a project launched by the Chinese government with the aim of improving national efforts against climate change and improving societal resilience to disastrous events. In this context, the good predictive performance our model produced suggest that the cartographic output could be useful to inform authorities of locations prone to human and infrastructural losses of specific magnitudes.
Efficiently Simulating Lagrangian Particles in Large-Scale Ocean Flows – Data Structures and their Impact on Geophysical Applications
Authors: Kehl Christian , Nooteboom Peter , Kaandorp Mikael , Sebille Erik
Published: October 2022

Studying oceanography by using Lagrangian simulations has been adopted for a range of scenarios, such as the determining the fate of microplastics in the ocean, simulating the origin locations of microplankton used for palaeoceanographic reconstructions, for studying the impact of fish aggregation devices on the migration behaviour of tuna. These simulations are complex and represent a considerable runtime effort to obtain trajectory results, which is the prime motivation for enhancing the performance of Lagrangian particle simulators. This paper analyses and compares established performance enhancing technique from Eulerian simulators with the computational conditions and demands of Lagrangian simulators. A performance enhancement strategy specifically targeting physics-based Lagrangian particle simulations is outlined to address the performance gaps, and techniques for closing the performance gap are presented and implemented. Realistic experiments are derived from three specific oceanographic application scenarios, and the suggested performance-enhancing techniques are benchmarked in detail, so to allow for a good attribution of speed-up measurements to individual techniques. The impacts and insights from the performance enhancement strategy are further discussed for Lagrangian simulations in other geoscientific applications. The experiments show that I/O-enhancing techniques, such as dynamic loading and buffering, lead to considerable speed-up on-par with an idealised parallelisation of the process over 20 nodes. Conversely, alternative data structures to a CPU cache-efficient structure-of-arrays do not fulfill the theoretically-expected performance increase, which also demonstrates the importance of good cache alignment for Lagrangian physics simulations.
Integrated field, model, and theoretical advances inform a predictive understanding of transport and transformation in the critical zone
Authors: Singley Joel , Briggs Martin , Hoagland Beth , Lauer Rachel , Meeks Jessie , Regberg Aaron , Rey Dave , Swift Bird Kenny , Ward Adam
Published: October 2022

Dr. Kamini Singha’s work has been transformative in advancing our predictive understanding of transport and transformation in Earth’s critical zone. She integrates empirical, numerical, and theoretical advances at scales spanning individual pores to regional aquifers, and works seamlessly across disciplines to connect otherwise disparate fields. Her work has both applied and basic research dimensions, ensuring advances inform best practices across the industry. That she has achieved prominence in research while maintaining a successful portfolio of teaching, mentoring, and service to the profession is particularly impressive. Indeed, Singha has fostered the burgeoning discipline of hydrogeophysics and ensured that this discipline, and its role in critical zone science, is an open, accessible, and welcoming field. Here, we summarize Singha’s impact on hydrologic science as a researcher, educator, mentor, and agent of change in the field.
Reconciling the Cretaceous breakup and demise of the Phoenix Plate with East Gondwana orogenesis in New Zealand
Authors: van de Lagemaat Suzanna , Kamp Peter , Boschman Lydian , van Hinsbergen Douwe
Published: October 2022

Following hundreds of millions of years of subduction in all circum-Pacific margins, the Pacific Plate started to share a mid-ocean ridge connection with continental Antarctica during a Late Cretaceous south Pacific plate reorganization. This reorganization was associated with the cessation of subduction of the remnants of the Phoenix Plate along the Zealandia margin of East Gondwana, but estimates for the age of this cessation from global plate reconstructions (~86 Ma) are significantly younger than those based on overriding plate geological records (105-100 Ma). To find where this discrepancy comes from, we first evaluate whether incorporating the latest available marine magnetic anomaly interpretations change the plate kinematic estimate for the end of convergence. We then identify ways to reconcile the outcome of the reconstruction with geological records of subduction along the Gondwana margin of New Zealand and New Caledonia. We focus on the plate kinematic evolution of the Phoenix Plate from 150 Ma onward, from its original spreading relative to the Pacific Plate, through its break-up during emplacement of the Ontong Java Nui Large Igneous Province into four plates (Manihiki, Hikurangi, Chasca, and Aluk), through to the end of their subduction below East Gondwana, to today. Our updated reconstruction is in line with previous compilations in demonstrating that as much as 800-1100 km of convergence occurred between the Pacific Plate and Zealandia after 100 Ma, which was accommodated until 90-85 Ma. Even more convergence occurred at the New Zealand sector owing to spreading of the Hikurangi Plate relative to the Pacific Plate at the Osbourn Trough, with the most recent age constraints suggesting that spreading may have continued until 79 Ma. The end of subduction below most of East Gondwana coincides with a change in relative plate motion between the Pacific Plate and East Gondwana from westerly to northerly, of which the cause remains unknown. In addition, the arrival of the Hikurangi Plateau in the subduction zone occurred independent from, and did not likely cause, the change in Pacific Plate motion. Finally, our plate reconstruction suggests that the previously identified geochemical change in the New Zealand arc around 105-100 Ma that was considered evidence of subduction cessation, may have been caused by Aluk-Hikurangi ridge subduction instead. The final stages of convergence before subduction cessation must have been accommodated by subduction without or with less accretion. This is common in oceanic subduction zones but makes dating the cessation of subduction from geological records alone challenging.
Nine-Year Changes in Work Satisfaction in Midlife – the Role of Age and Flexible Goal Adjustment
Authors: Henning Georg , Kelle Nadiya , Infurna Frank J
Published: October 2022

As the work force is ageing and many countries raise or abolish retirement ages, it becomes more and more important to understand how work satisfaction develops over the lifespan, particularly in midlife and older age. Although many studies report positive associations of age and work satisfaction, there are only few longitudinal studies with large samples investigating within-person change over longer time spans. To overcome these limitations, we used data from the German Ageing Survey to investigate changes in work satisfaction among n = 2,588 individuals aged 40 – 59 at four measurement occasions between 2008 and 2017. As our study was informed by life span approaches to self-regulation at work, we were also interested in the role of age and flexible goal adjustment, which is the ability to adjust one’s goals according to restrictions in the environment. Results showed that work satisfaction was characterized by stability in midlife, but workers in their 60’s experienced increases in work satisfaction. Nevertheless, these effects may partly show selection effects due to dissatisfied older workers retiring over time and / or dropping out of the survey. Flexible goal adjustment was related to higher work satisfaction, but not to changes in work satisfaction. Our results demonstrate that work satisfaction can increase in older age and that flexible goal adjustment may play a role in shaping the course of work satisfaction in midlife and older age. More research is needed to understand which coping mechanisms help aging workers to stay satisfied at work.
Desperation and inequality increase stealing: evidence from experimental microsocieties
Authors: Radkani Setayesh , Holton Eleanor , de Courson Benoît , Saxe Rebecca , Nettle Daniel
Published: October 2022

People facing material deprivation are more likely to turn to acquisitive crime, but it is not clear why. Recent theory suggests that people should be more willing to steal if they are on the wrong side of a ‘desperation threshold’; that is, a level of resources critical to wellbeing. Below such a threshold, people should pursue any risky behaviour that offers the possibility of a short route back above, and should be insensitive to the severity of possible punishments, since they have little left to lose. We developed a multi-player economic game with a desperation threshold and the possibility of theft as well as cooperation. Across four experiments with 1000 UK and US adults, we showed that falling short of a desperation threshold increased stealing from other players. Within the microsocieties created in the game, the presence of more players with below-threshold resources produced low trust, driven by the experience of being stolen from. Contrary to predictions, our participants appeared to be somewhat sensitive to the severity of punishment for being caught trying to steal. Our results show, in an experimental microcosm, that some members of society falling short of a threshold of material desperation can have powerful social consequences.
Hubungan Rawat Gabung Dengan Produksi Asi di Puskesmas Wara Barat Kota Palopo
Authors: Ridwan Erni , Capriani Diaz
Published: October 2022

Combined care is mother and baby care cared for 24 hours, immediately after birth until they return from the hospital that can contribute to the health of the baby because it can produce milk properly. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of nursing care with breast milk production in the West Wara Public Health Center in Palopo City in 2019. The research design used a cross sectional method. with a purposive sampling technique. Samples in this study were 56 respondents selected. Data collection using questionnaires and observations. The study was conducted from July to August 2019. The results of the study showed that respondents who took care to join and had ASI production were 15 people (46.9), respondents who took care to join and did not have ASI production as many as 17 people (53.1). Data analysis (p value = 0.005; X2 = 7.778). There is a significant relationship between merger care and breast milk production in postpartum mothers at the Wara Barat Health Center in Palopo City.Rawat gabung merupakan perawatan ibu dan bayi dirawat bersama selama 24 jam, segera setelah lahir sampai mereka pulang dari rumah sakit yang dapat berkonstribusi bagi kesehatan bayi karena dapat memproduksi ASI dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Hubungan Rawat Gabung dengan Produksi ASI di Puskesmas Wara Barat Kota Palopo tahun 2019. Desain penelitian menggunakan metode cross sectional. dengan teknik purposive sampling.Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 56 responden dipilih. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan observasi. Penelitian dilakukan bulan Juli sampai Agustus 2019. Hasil penelitian yang menunjukkan bahwa responden yang rawat gabung dan memiliki produksi ASI sebanyak 15 orang (46,9), responden yang rawat gabung dan tidak memiliki produksi ASI sebanyak 17 orang (53,1). Analisa data (p value = 0,005; X2= 7,778). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara rawat gabung dengan produksi asi pada ibu nifas di Puskesmas Wara Barat Kota Palopo.
3D Power Module Packages—Failure Analysis Challenges & How to Overcome Them
Authors: Baig Mirza Imran
Published: October 2022

3D package technologies like Multi-Chip Modules (MCM) and System in Package (SIP) have been in the semiconductor package industry for some time now. At the advent these technologies were mostly incorporated for digital solutions, however more recently these packaged solutions have been increasingly used for analog technologies specifically for power applications. With these packaged innovations increasingly adapted, Failure Analysis (FA) takes a central stage not just in supporting customer returned devices but also in root cause investigations leading to new product development, qualifications and ramp to market. These 3D heterogeneous packages however pose multiple newer challenges to FA compared to traditional single chip package solutions. This paper presents some of these Failure Analysis challenges encountered most commonly on analog 3D power modules and talks about possible solutions to overcome them with case studies. Further it also addresses solution that will require FA to think and adapt improved tool sets whether it’s newer solutions that market has to offer or modification to existing approach including chemical recipes, decapsulation methods, etc. to navigate these intricate packages.
A BERT-Based Report Classification for Semiconductor Failure Analysis
Authors: Grabner Corinna , Safont-Andreu Anna , Burmer Christian , Schekotihin Konstantin
Published: October 2022

Failure Analysis (FA) is a complex activity that requires careful and complete documentation of all findings and conclusions to preserve knowledge acquired by engineers in this process. Modern FA systems store this data in text or image formats and organize it in databases, file shares, wikis, or other human-readable forms. Given a large volume of generated FA data, navigating it or searching for particular information is hard since machines cannot process the stored knowledge automatically and require much interaction with experts. In this paper, we investigate applications of modern Natural Language Processing (NLP) approaches to the classification of FA texts with respect to electrical and/or physical failures they describe. In particular, we study the efficiency of pretrained Language Models (LM) in the semiconductors domain for text classification with deep neural networks. Evaluation results of LMs show that their vocabulary is not suitable for FA applications, and the best classification accuracy of appr. 60% and 70% for physical and electrical failures, respectively, can only be reached with fine-tuning techniques.
The Low-Voltage Limits of Lithium-Ion Batteries—Overdischarge and Degradation from a Safety Perspective
Authors: Cohn Adam P. , Hayes Troy A. , Harding Jonathon R. , Horn Quinn C.
Published: October 2022

Despite modern battery management systems, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries can be subjected to varying levels of overdischarge during transport, storage and use in the field. While the general degradation risks associated with overdischarge are well documented, there are not widely accepted cell voltages at which the onset of such degradation processes occur. In this work, reference electrode testing is performed to study a variety of commercial lithium-ion cells during varying levels of overdischarge. Common trends between different types of lithium-ion cells are first identified, and the resulting implications are discussed.
Improved Failure Analysis Success Rate & Efficiency Through Readiness & Smart Solutions for Bench Testing & Fault Localization
Authors: Kabadi Rajesh , Muela Leandro
Published: October 2022

Failure Analysts are often required to work on a vast array of part types. These integrated circuits (IC) can have wide ranging functions and applications. Also, the ICs can be offered in a multitude of package types. All these factors compound the challenges faced by the Failure Analysts. This paper provides a brief snapshot of one approach adopted by the ON Semiconductor Product Analysis Labs to prepare in advance for the products that offer significant challenges in terms of electrical bench testing and fault localization. The approach demonstrates how the prospects of success of a given failure analysis (FA) case can be improved by making available smart solutions that cut down on the effort required for bench testing, defect localization and failure verification activities. This in turn can contribute to cycle time reduction and improve overall efficiency of the FA process.
2GHz Contactless Electron Beam Probing
Authors: Leslie Neel , Vickers James , Freeman Blake , Samani Seema , Sabbineni Prasad , Vedagarbha Praveen
Published: October 2022

Recently, electron beam probing (EBP) has had a resurgence in failure analysis communities due to its clear resolution advantage compared to optical techniques. This paper describes an approach for a detailed advanced logic e-beam probing system, capable of measuring both high bandwidth waveforms and frequency maps. An investigation of optimizing the signal-to-noise of the pulsed beam is presented. By minimizing the working distance and the use of quadrature signal analysis, the e-beam prober is capable of high bandwidth and high-resolution data with adequate signal-to-noise. The use of such system provides a scalable solution for electrical failure analysis for advanced logic integrated circuits.
Failure Analysis Techniques for Detection of Copper Migration in Die Attach Film
Authors: Bejo Dubhe Cyrine , Posadas Greg Harold , Guzman Romel De , Gobway Margie Dalen
Published: October 2022

Newly designed products require extensive reliability and stress testing to catch early failures due to defects during fabrication or assembly processes before they can be introduced to the market. Failure analysis plays an important role in verifying these failures and defining the root cause which will drive relevant process resolution and quality improvement. In this paper, the authors demonstrate comprehensive and innovative failure analysis techniques on leakage current localization to prove the defect mechanism of copper migration seen from the internal lead fingers into the die’s substrate on a device with chip-on-lead architecture.
Corrosion Mechanisms of Copper and Gold Ball Bonds
Authors: Qin Wentao
Published: October 2022

Copper ball bonding is the most widely used interconnection method in microelectronic packages. It has enabled many modern technologies, but the bond can fail due to corrosion. This paper concerns quantitative analyses of corrosion products of passing and failing copper ball bonds, and correlation with the corrosion thermodynamics. The role each element in the aluminum-copper intermetallic compound plays during crevice corrosion is described, and relative abundances of the oxidized elements are estimated. New insights regarding mechanisms of the highest vulnerability to corrosion attack in the thin film-stack across the bond are presented. Limited data indicate the same corrosion mechanisms for Au ball bonds.
The Impact of Ambient Humidity on the Surface Conductance of SiNx Films for Application in Capacitive MEMS Switches
Authors: Birmpiliotis Dimitris , Papaioannou George
Published: October 2022

The present paper provides an inexpensive method to assess the surface charge density variance directly in capacitive MEMS switches. It was found experimentally that the charge variance decay is directly associated with the presence of ambient humidity, which increases the dielectric film surface conductance. This result is qualitatively confirmed with the aid of interdigitated comb structures, where the same behavior was detected.
Decapsulating Small Outline Transistor Packaged Devices Using Acrylic Molding Technique
Authors: Saputil John Michael
Published: October 2022

As the electronics industry moves towards miniaturization, the semiconductor industry provided packaging innovations to meet the demands for smaller footprints. One of the packaging solutions is the small outline transistor (SOT) which is widely used in various applications including automotive engine downsizing. Decapsulation of small packaged devices like a 1.3mm by 2.9mm SOT is one of the greatest challenges in failure analysis. The destructive nature of decapsulation may cause inadvertent and permanent damage, hindering further electrical verification on the unit. In this paper, a novel method for decapsulating SOT devices is presented utilizing the use of acrylic molding to avoid damage on the units during decapsulation process. Results show that the use of acrylic molding is an effective method in decapsulating SOT packaged devices maintaining die functionality, hence, addressing the decapsulation issues and risks caused by other existing decapsulation methods.
Review of Scanning Probe Microscopy Methods for Failure Analysis
Authors: De Wolf Peter
Published: October 2022

This presentation provides an introduction to atomic force microscopy (AFM) and its many uses in semiconductor failure analysis. It provides examples showing how AFM is used to obtain information on electric fields, surface potential, current, resistance, capacitance, impedance, carrier concentration, mechanical contact (height and energy dissipation), temperature, and composition. It also addresses a number of related issues including the use of external stimuli, sample preparation requirements, and probe tip selection.
Charged Particle Systems—Fundamentals and Opportunities (2022 Update)
Authors: Principe Edward
Published: October 2022

This presentation covers ion beam analytical tools, their capabilities, and uses. It provides an overview of ion sources, examines emerging trends in surface analysis, and assesses the potential of ultrafast lasers for panoscopic patterning, athermal ablation, and elemental analysis. It compares and contrasts liquid metal, gas field, and plasma sources and presents examples highlighting the capabilities of FIB-SIMS and FIB-SEM Auger/XPS surface analysis techniques. It also introduces computationally guided microspectroscopy (CGM) and assesses its potential impact on multi-variant analysis, point spread deconvolution, and compressed sensing.
Leveraging the Power of Arduino to Elevate the Failure Analysis Lab
Authors: Watson Tim
Published: October 2022

This presentation provides an overview of the Arduino microcontroller development board, its features and capabilities, and its integrated design environment. It also provides examples of its use in soft defect localization (SDL) and laser assisted device alteration (LADA).
Additive Manufacturing in Medicine and Craniofacial Applications of 3D Printing
Authors: Spake Carole S.L. , Woo Albert S.
Published: October 2022

This article provides highlights of the general process and workflow of creating a 3D-printed model from a medical image and discusses the applications of additively manufactured materials. It provides a brief background on Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classification and regulation of medical devices, with an emphasis on 3D-printed devices. Then, the article discusses two broad applications of 3D printing in craniofacial surgery: surgery and education. Next, it discusses, with respect to surgical applications, preoperative planning, use in the operating room, surgical guides, and implants. The article includes sections on education that focus on the use of 3D-printed surgical simulators and other tools to teach medical students and residents. It briefly touches on the FDA regulations associated with the respective application of 3D printing in medicine. Lastly, the article briefly discusses the state of medical billing and reimbursement for this service.
Inkjetting of Biomaterials
Authors: Barui Srimanta
Published: October 2022

Inkjet printing is extremely precise in terms of the ejected microdroplets (picoliter volume), contributing an unparalleled lateral resolution. Additionally, the benefits of high-speed deposition, contactless ink delivery, and the use of a range of ink materials endorse this technique as suitable for high-throughput 3D manufacturing. This article provides an overview of inkjet 3D printing (also referred to as 3D inkjetting). It then highlights the major components and accessories used in commercial and laboratory-based 3D inkjet printers. Next, the article describes the process physics of the transient phenomena involved in both binder-jetting- and direct-inkjetting-based 3D printing. It then discusses the scope and advantages of 3D inkjetting in the manufacturing of metallic, ceramic, and polymer-based biomaterials. The article also discusses several approaches and methodologies to examine the in vitro cytocompatibility and in vivo biocompatibility of both binder-jetted and direct-inkjetted scaffolds for biomedical applications. Finally, it discusses the challenges and troubleshooting methodologies in 3D inkjetting of biomaterials.
Powder-Bed Fusion of Polymers
Authors: Whenish Ruban , Hameed Pearlin , Alexander Revathi , Nathanael Joseph , Manivasagam Geetha
Published: October 2022

According to International Organization for Standardization (ISO)/ASTM International 52900, additive manufacturing (AM) can be classified into material extrusion, material jetting, vat photo polymerization, binder jetting, sheet lamination, powder-bed fusion (PBF), and directed-energy deposition. This article discusses the processes involved in polymer powder 3D printing using laser fusion/ sintering and fusing agents and energy, as well as the thermally fused PBF. It provides information on polymer powder parameters and modeling, the powder-handling system, powder characterization, the flowability of powder feedstock, and polymer part characteristics. The article describes the types of polymers in PBF, the processes involved in powder recycling, and the prospects of PBF in AM. In addition, the biomedical application of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is also covered.
Directed-Energy Deposition
Authors: Nartu Mohan Sai Kiran Kumar Yadav , Sharma Shashank , Mantri Srinivas Aditya , Joshi Sameehan S. , Pantawane Mangesh V. , Mazumder Sangram , Dahotre Narendra B. , Banerjee Rajarshi
Published: October 2022

This article focuses on the directed-energy deposition (DED) additive manufacturing (AM) technique of biomedical alloys. First, it provides an overview of the DED process. This is followed by a section describing the design and development of the multiphysics computational modeling of the layer-by-layer fusion-based DED process. A brief overview of the primary governing equations, boundary conditions, and numerical methods prescribed for modeling laser-based metal AM is then presented. Next, the article discusses fundamental concepts related to laser surface melting and laser-assisted bioceramic coatings/composites on implant surfaces, with particular examples related to biomedical magnesium and titanium alloys. It then provides a review of the processes involved in DED of biomedical stainless steels, Co-Cr-Mo alloys, and biomedical titanium alloys. Further, the article covers novel applications of DED for titanium-base biomedical implants. It concludes with a section on the forecast of DED in biomedical applications.
Selective Laser Sintering of Hydroxyapatite-Based Materials for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Softas Christos
Published: October 2022

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is one of the most popular materials in tissue scaffold engineering due to its similarity to the nature of human bone; it accounts for more than half of the total weight of the latter. Selective laser sintering (SLS) is an additive manufacturing method that is used in producing tissue engineering parts from HA feedstocks. This article provides a brief overview of the process itself, along with a detailed review of HA-based tissue engineering applications using SLS. Discussion on the various polymer composites is presented. A detailed overview of selected publications on HA-based SLS studies is listed, which provides insight regarding technical aspects of processing HA powder feedstocks.
Additive Manufacturing of Stainless Steel Biomedical Devices
Authors: Ury Nicholas , Firdosy Samad , Ravi Vilupanur
Published: October 2022

Metallic alloys that are typically used for medical purposes include stainless steels, Ti-6Al-4V, and Co-Cr-Mo. This article discusses the relative merits of each of these alloys. The utilization of stainless steels in the biomedical industry, especially in relation to the additive manufacturing (AM) process, is the main focus of this article. The characteristics of various stainless steels are described subsequently, and the categories that are of relevance to the biomedical industry are identified. The types of stainless steels covered are austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, duplex, and precipitation-hardened stainless steels. The article discusses the potential benefits of AM for biomedical devices. It describes the types of AM processes for stainless steels, namely binder jet, directed-energy deposition, and laser powder-bed fusion. The article reviews the AM of austenitic, martensitic, and PH stainless steels for biomedical applications. In addition, the challenges and obstacles to the clinical use of AM parts are covered.
Microvalve Jetting of Biomaterials
Authors: Lai Jiahui , Wang Min
Published: October 2022

Microvalve jetting, with its advantages of low cost, ease of operation, high printing speed, and ability to process living cells with high viability, has been primarily used for fabricating high-throughput drug-screening models, in vitro cellular structures for fundamental cell biology research, and cell-laden structures for regenerating tissues or organs in the human body after disease or trauma. This article provides an overview of microvalve jetting of biomaterials, including operational parameters. The jetting technologies covered are inkjet printing, microvalve jetting, and laser-assisted jetting. The parameters covered include nozzle size (nozzle inner diameter), pneumatic pressure, valve-opening time, and printing speed of microvalve jetting. Subsequently, the article discusses biomaterials for microvalve jetting in terms of biomaterial definition, required properties for a suitable biomaterial, currently used biomaterials, and cells and cellular structures. Additionally, applications of microvalve jetting in biomedical engineering are presented, which include cellular and RNA analysis, high-throughput drug screening, and tissue engineering.
Three-Dimensional Bioprinting of Naturally Derived Protein-Based Biopolymers
Authors: Griffanti Gabriele , Nazhat Showan N.
Published: October 2022

This article discusses the state of the art in the 3D bioprinting field. It examines the printability of protein-based biopolymers and provides key printing parameters, along with a brief description of the main current 3D bioprinting approaches. The article presents some studies investigating 3D bioprinting of naturally derived proteins for the production of structurally and functionally biomimetic scaffolds, which create a microenvironment for cells resembling that of the native tissues. It describes key structural proteins processed in the form of hydrogels, such as collagen, silk, fibrin, and others such as elastin, decellularized matrix, and Matrigel (Corning), which are used as biomaterials.
High-Throughput Electrospinning of Biomaterials
Authors: Mikaeili Fateh , Abe Owen O. , Gouma Pelagia-Irene
Published: October 2022

This article discusses electrospinning as a method for obtaining nanofibers, some of the challenges and limitations of the technique, advancements in the field, and how it may be used in key functional applications. The key drawbacks of traditional electrospinning processes include relatively slow speed of nanofiber production, low product yield, and relatively high cost. The article also addresses novel high-throughput techniques and methods designed for the scalable synthesis of nanofibers and nanofibrous mats that are of reasonable cost.
Additively Manufactured Orthotics
Authors: Banga Harish Kumar , Kalra Parveen , Belokar R.M. , Kumar Rajesh
Published: October 2022

An ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) is a support designed to regulate the ankle's position and mobility, compensate for weakness, or rectify abnormalities. This article focuses on the biomechanical affects and mechanical properties of custom-made 3D-printed AFOs and compares them to traditionally created AFOs. Investigations in the fields of 3D scanning, 3D printing, and computer-aided design and analysis for the production of custom-made AFOs are also covered.
Binder Jet Additive Manufacturing of Biomaterials
Authors: Bose Susmita , Jo Yongdeok , Majumdar Ujjayan , Bandyopadhyay Amit
Published: October 2022

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies print three-dimensional (3D) parts through layer-by-layer deposition based on the digital input provided by a computer-aided design file. This article focuses on the binder jet printing process, common biomaterials used in this AM technique, and the clinical applications relevant to these systems. It reviews the challenges and future directions of binder-jetting-based 3D printing.
Additive Manufacturing of Medical Devices
Authors: Nakano Takayoshi , Hagihara Koji
Published: October 2022

This article provides an overview of additive manufacturing (AM) methods, the three-dimensional (3D)-AM-related market, and the medical additive manufactured applications. It focuses on the current scenario and future developments related to metal AM for medical applications. The discussion covers the benefits of using 3D-AM technology in the medical field, provides specific examples of medical devices fabricated by AM, reviews trends in metal implant development using AM, and presents future prospects for the development of novel high-performance medical devices via metal 3D-additive manufacturing.
Development of Alloy Powders for Biomedical Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Nomura Naoyuki , Zhou Weiwei
Published: October 2022

Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques include powder-bed fusion (PBF), directed-energy deposition, binder jetting (BJ), extrusion-based desktop, vat photopolymerization, material jetting, and sheet lamination. The development of suitable powders for AM is a challenging task because of critical design parameters including chemical composition, flowability of powders, and melt surface tension. This article explains the fabrication methods of metal and novel alloy powders for medical applications. The development of zirconium alloy powder for laser-PBF is introduced as a case study.
Material Aspects of Additively Manufactured Orthopedic Implants of Titanium Alloys
Authors: Roy Abhijit , Criado Matthew , Ohodnicki John , Kuhn Howard , Kumta Prashant N.
Published: October 2022

Additive manufacturing, or three-dimensional printing technologies, for biomedical applications is rather different from other engineering components, particularly for biomedical implants that are intended to be used within the human body. This article contains two sections: "Design and Manufacturing Considerations of 3D-Printed, Commercially Pure Titanium and Titanium Alloy-Based Orthopedic Implants" and "Device Testing Considerations Following FDA Guidance" for additive-manufactured medical devices. These are further subdivided into five major focus areas: materials; design, printing, printing characteristics and parameters as well as postprinting validation; removal of the many manufacturing material residues and sterilization; physical, chemical, and mechanical assessments of the final devices; and biological considerations of all the final devices including biocompatibility.
Analyzing Nouns and Verbs Marked With Self-Mention Suffixes in Graduate Theses
Authors: ÜSTÜNALP İbrahim , ESMER Elçin
Published: October 2022

Self-mention is considered as the most powerful tool to project authorial presence in academic writing. Although some research has been done on self-mention, there is still little investigated in Turkish academic writers’ self-mention use. Descriptive in nature, the study aims to discover the lexical items marked with first person pronoun suffixes, with a focus on nouns and verbs. Data in this study is drawn from a corpus of master and doctorate theses written in the field of teaching Turkish as a foreign language. The results suggest that writers make use of more nouns than verbs to code their authorial identity, even though verbs display a greater variety. While nouns marked with a self-mention suffix dominate verbs in abstract, introduction, methodology and discussion, conclusion and suggestion chapters, verbs suffixed by a self-mention stand out in literature and results chapters. The study ends with a discussion of top frequent noun and verbs.
Local Positioning Systems for Drones without Usage of Digital Cameras
Authors: Averin D. , Borovytsky V. , Tuzhanskyi S.
Published: October 2022

The article describes drone positioning systems that ensure reliable takeoff, landing and delivery of cargo without the use of digital cameras and their classification. This classification includes all combinations of sources and receivers of radiation that may be located both on the drone and on the landing or cargo delivery area. An analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each system and recommendations for choosing the best drone positioning system.
Climate Change and Resilience Perspectives
Authors: Vinicius Rosário da Silva Marcus , Walbe Ornstein Sheila
Published: October 2022

Brazilian museum operations and maintenance practices, as well as collections and educational activities, can be important actors in communicating the risks of climate change and can be examples of best practice in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Documentary research for this article was conducted with museum institutions that promote operations and maintenance best practices applicable to the sector in Brazil. As a result, Brazilian cases were assessed for greenhouse gas emission and sustainable practice metrics focusing on energy efficiency. The results still show a low Brazilian commitment by the museum sector in the combat against climate change.