bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tissue-specific FAH deficiency alters sleep–wake patterns and results in chronic tyrosinemia in mice
Authors: Yang Shuzhang , Siepka Sandra M. , Cox Kimberly H. , Kumar Vivek , de Groot Marleen , Chelliah Yogarany , Chen Jun , Tu Benjamin , Takahashi Joseph S.
Published: October 2019

Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) is the last enzyme in tyrosine catabolism, and mutations in the
FAH
gene are associated with hereditary tyrosinemia type I (HT1 or TYRSN1) in humans. In a behavioral screen of
N
-ethyl-
N
-nitrosourea mutagenized mice we identified a mutant line which we named “
swingshift
” (
swst
, MGI:3611216) with a nonsynonymous point mutation (N68S) in
Fah
that caused age-dependent disruption of sleep–wake patterns. Mice homozygous for the mutation had an earlier onset of activity (several hours before lights off) and a reduction in total activity and body weight when compared with wild-type or heterozygous mice. Despite abnormal behavioral entrainment to light–dark cycles, there were no differences in the period or phase of the central clock in mutant mice, indicating a defect downstream of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Interestingly, these behavioral phenotypes became milder as the mice grew older and were completely rescued by the administration of NTBC [2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione], an inhibitor of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, which is upstream of FAH. Mechanistically, the
swst
mutation had no effect on the enzymatic activity of FAH, but rather promoted the degradation of the mutant protein. This led to reduced FAH protein levels and enzymatic activity in the liver and kidney (but not the brain or fibroblasts) of homozygous mice. In addition, plasma tyrosine—but not methionine, phenylalanine, or succinylacetone—increased in homozygous mice, suggesting that
swst
mutants provide a model of mild, chronic HT1.
Amazon deforestation drives malaria transmission, and malaria burden reduces forest clearing
Authors: MacDonald Andrew J. , Mordecai Erin A.
Published: October 2019

Significance

Widespread human impacts on the environment are expected to harm human health, which may in turn alter our interactions with the environment. However, evidence for impacts of environmental changes on health, and for feedbacks between environmental change and health, remains locally specific and context dependent. Using a large, geospatial dataset encompassing the Brazilian Amazon rainforest across 13 y, we identify strong evidence for a feedback between deforestation and malaria: Deforestation significantly increases malaria transmission, while high malaria burden simultaneously reduces forest clearing. Our results put into broader context the contradictory effects of deforestation on malaria found in earlier studies and provide evidence useful to land use policy and public health interventions that provide win–win solutions for conservation and health.
The concurrent decline of soil lead and children’s blood lead in New Orleans
Authors: Mielke Howard W. , Gonzales Christopher R. , Powell Eric T. , Laidlaw Mark A. S. , Berry Kenneth J. , Mielke Paul W. , Egendorf Sara Perl
Published: October 2019

Significance

The inextricable link between topsoil lead (Pb) and children’s blood lead (BPb) has not been widely accepted. Pb is associated with multiple health adversities. Urban residents are at risk from exposure to legacy Pb dust in topsoil resulting from smelting, industrial discharges, leaded gasoline emissions, leaded paint, and incineration. In New Orleans, topsoil median Pb decreased in ∼15 y from 99 mg/kg to 54 mg/kg, or ∼2.4 mg⋅kg⋅y
−1
. In ∼12 y, children’s median BPb declined from 3.6 μg/dL to 1.3 μg/dL, or ∼0.2 μg⋅dL⋅y
−1
. We argue that depletion of topsoil Pb is an important factor in the continuous decline of children’s BPb. Similar processes are expected in all US cities. Primary prevention requires curtailing Pb in all sources, including topsoil.
AFF1 acetylation by p300 temporally inhibits transcription during genotoxic stress response
Authors: Kumari Nidhi , Hassan M. Abul , Lu Xiangdong , Roeder Robert G. , Biswas Debabrata
Published: October 2019

Soon after exposure to genotoxic reagents, mammalian cells inhibit transcription to prevent collisions with repair machinery and to mount a proper DNA damage response. However, mechanisms underlying early transcriptional inhibition are poorly understood. In this report, we show that site-specific acetylation of super elongation complex (SEC) subunit AFF1 by p300 reduces its interaction with other SEC components and impairs P-TEFb−mediated C-terminal domain phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II both in vitro and in vivo. Reexpression of wild-type AFF1, but not an acetylation mimic mutant, restores SEC component recruitment and target gene expression in AFF1 knockdown cells. Physiologically, we show that, upon genotoxic exposure, p300-mediated AFF1 acetylation is dynamic and strongly correlated with concomitant global down-regulation of transcription—and that this can be reversed by overexpression of an acetylation-defective AFF1 mutant. Therefore, we describe a mechanism of dynamic transcriptional regulation involving p300-mediated acetylation of a key elongation factor during genotoxic stress.
Quantitative structural assessment of graded receptor agonism
Authors: Shang Jinsai , Brust Richard , Griffin Patrick R. , Kamenecka Theodore M. , Kojetin Douglas J.
Published: October 2019

Ligand–receptor interactions, which are ubiquitous in physiology, are described by theoretical models of receptor pharmacology. Structural evidence for graded efficacy receptor conformations predicted by receptor theory has been limited but is critical to fully validate theoretical models. We applied quantitative structure–function approaches to characterize the effects of structurally similar and structurally diverse agonists on the conformational ensemble of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). For all ligands, agonist functional efficacy is correlated to a shift in the conformational ensemble equilibrium from a ground state toward an active state, which is detected by NMR spectroscopy but not observed in crystal structures. For the structurally similar ligands, ligand potency and affinity are also correlated to efficacy and conformation, indicating ligand residence times among related analogs may influence receptor conformation and function. Our results derived from quantitative graded activity–conformation correlations provide experimental evidence and a platform with which to extend and test theoretical models of receptor pharmacology to more accurately describe and predict ligand-dependent receptor activity.
Loss of p53 function at late stages of tumorigenesis confers ARF-dependent vulnerability to p53 reactivation therapy
Authors: Klimovich Boris , Mutlu Samet , Schneikert Jean , Elmshäuser Sabrina , Klimovich Maria , Nist Andrea , Mernberger Marco , Timofeev Oleg , Stiewe Thorsten
Published: October 2019

Significance

Mouse studies demonstrating regression of p53-null tumors following reinstatement of functional p53 have fueled the development of p53 reactivating drugs. However, successful p53 reactivation responses have only been formally demonstrated in tumor models where p53 inactivation served as the initiating event. Our study provides the first proof-of-principle evidence that p53 inactivation at late stages of tumorigenesis can also generate a vulnerability to p53 reactivation. However, this is dependent on intact ARF function highlighting ARF as a potential biomarker for p53 reactivation responses in tumors with late-stage p53 inactivation. It furthermore suggests the use of Mdm2 inhibitors as ARF mimetics for sensitizing ARF-deficient tumors to p53-reactivating drugs.
Myeloid cells activate iNKT cells to produce IL-4 in the thymic medulla
Authors: Wang Haiguang , Breed Elise R. , Lee You Jeong , Qian Lily J. , Jameson Stephen C. , Hogquist Kristin A.
Published: October 2019

Significance

T cells, essential components of the immune system, are developed in the thymus. Various effector cytokines are produced in the thymus in the steady state, which affect T cell development and tolerance. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) produced by a unique subset of lipid-specific invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells (NKT2) in the steady state influences a series of immune events to alter thymic development. However, the underling mechanisms for this steady-state IL-4 production are not completely understood. In this study, we show that steady-state IL-4–producing NKT2 cells predominantly localize to the thymic medulla. Furthermore, this steady-state IL-4 production requires continuous T cell receptor (TCR) signaling in NKT2 cells majorly stimulated by thymic macrophages.
Gastrointestinal dysfunction in autism displayed by altered motility and achalasia in
Foxp1
+/−
mice
Authors: Fröhlich Henning , Kollmeyer Marie Luise , Linz Valerie Catherine , Stuhlinger Manuel , Groneberg Dieter , Reigl Amelie , Zizer Eugen , Friebe Andreas , Niesler Beate , Rappold Gudrun
Published: October 2019

Gastrointestinal dysfunctions in individuals with autism spectrum disorder are poorly understood, although they are common among this group of patients.
FOXP1
haploinsufficiency is characterized by autistic behavior, language impairment, and intellectual disability, but feeding difficulties and gastrointestinal problems have also been reported. Whether these are primary impairments, the result of altered eating behavior, or side effects of psychotropic medication remains unclear. To address this question, we investigated
Foxp1
+/−
mice reflecting
FOXP1
haploinsufficiency. These animals show decreased body weight and altered feeding behavior with reduced food and water intake. A pronounced muscular atrophy was detected in the esophagus and colon, caused by reduced muscle cell proliferation. Nitric oxide-induced relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter was impaired and achalasia was confirmed in vivo by manometry. Foxp1 targets (
Nexn
,
Rbms3
, and
Wls
) identified in the brain were dysregulated in the adult
Foxp1
+/−
esophagus. Total gastrointestinal transit was significantly prolonged due to impaired colonic contractility. Our results have uncovered a previously unknown dysfunction (achalasia and impaired gut motility) that explains the gastrointestinal disturbances in patients with FOXP1 syndrome, with potential wider relevance for autism.
Staphylococcus aureus
exhibits heterogeneous siderophore production within the vertebrate host
Authors: Perry William J. , Spraggins Jeffrey M. , Sheldon Jessica R. , Grunenwald Caroline M. , Heinrichs David E. , Cassat James E. , Skaar Eric P. , Caprioli Richard M.
Published: October 2019

Siderophores, iron-scavenging small molecules, are fundamental to bacterial nutrient metal acquisition and enable pathogens to overcome challenges imposed by nutritional immunity. Multimodal imaging mass spectrometry allows visualization of host−pathogen iron competition, by mapping siderophores within infected tissue. We have observed heterogeneous distributions of
Staphylococcus aureus
siderophores across infectious foci, challenging the paradigm that the vertebrate host is a uniformly iron-depleted environment to invading microbes.
A
Wolbachia
nuclease and its binding partner provide a distinct mechanism for cytoplasmic incompatibility
Authors: Chen Hongli , Ronau Judith A. , Beckmann John F. , Hochstrasser Mark
Published: October 2019

Significance

Wolbachia
are utilized to control agricultural pests and reduce transmission of vector-borne human diseases such as dengue fever. Reproductive manipulation through cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is essential to these uses. A causal role in CI has been ascribed recently to a linked pair of
Wolbachia
genes,
cidA
and
cidB
. However, some CI-inducing
Wolbachia
strains lack the
cid
operon, implicating additional CI mechanisms. The
cinA–cinB
operon is paralogous to
cidA–cidB
and is a strong candidate for a distinct CI system. We show that the
cin
operon constitutes another toxin–antidote system in which CinB is a nuclease toxin and CinA binds tightly to CinB and can rescue embryo viability. Our data provide important insights into the molecular basis of CI.
How much reading between the lines is there in online game playing?
Authors: Sakai Noboru
Published: October 2019

This paper discusses to what extent people can convey and understand intentions and messages in Monster Strike,
which has only one tool for intentional messaging – called ‘good job’ (GJ) – to send messages to other players, and it is,
therefore, interesting to analyze how players exchange ideas and infer each other’s communicative intentions using a limited means
of communication towards a common goal. This paper describes the significance of GJ first through an analysis of actual game
playing, with supplemental information from players’ discussion spaces on line. The communications encompass (1) the original
meaning (i.e., ‘good job’); (2) extended interpretations; and (3) an attention signal, with shared temporary and cumulative
knowledge of the game and the players’ own dispositions.
Arkaitz Carracedo: If the scientific question is good, the result will be interesting
Authors: Houston Stephanie
Published: October 2019

Arkaitz Carracedo is a principal investigator at the Association for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE) in Spain; his laboratory focuses on signaling and metabolic alterations in cancer. Arkaitz has investigated the regulation of fatty acid oxidation in cancer cells and how these changes could be manipulated therapeutically. We chatted with Arkaitz to find out about his career in science so far.
Structural and functional insights into transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory protein complexes
Authors: Twomey Edward C. , Yelshanskaya Maria V. , Sobolevsky Alexander I.
Published: October 2019

Fast excitatory neurotransmission is mediated by the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor (AMPAR). AMPARs initiate depolarization of the postsynaptic neuron by allowing cations to enter through their ion channel pores in response to binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate. AMPAR function is dramatically affected by auxiliary subunits, which are regulatory proteins that form various complexes with AMPARs throughout the brain. The most well-studied auxiliary subunits are the transmembrane AMPAR regulatory proteins (TARPs), which alter the assembly, trafficking, localization, kinetics, and pharmacology of AMPARs. Recent structural and functional studies of TARPs and the TARP-fold germ cell-specific gene 1-like (GSG1L) subunit have provided important glimpses into how auxiliary subunits regulate the function of synaptic complexes. In this review, we put these recent structures in the context of new functional findings in order to gain insight into the determinants of AMPAR regulation by TARPs. We thus reveal why TARPs display a broad range of effects despite their conserved modular architecture.
Tripartite Entanglement Measures of Generalized GHZ State in Uniform Acceleration*
Authors: Dong Qian , Mercado Sanchez M. A. , Sun Guo-Hua , Toutounji Mohamad , Dong Shi-Hai
Published: October 2019

Using the single-mode approximation, we study entanglement measures including two independent quantities; i.e., negativity and von Neumann entropy for a tripartite generalized Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state in noninertial frames. Based on the calculated negativity, we study the whole entanglement measures named as the algebraic average π
3
-tangle and geometric average Π
3
-tangle. We find that the difference between them is very small or disappears with the increase of the number of accelerated qubits. The entanglement properties are discussed from one accelerated observer and others remaining stationary to all three accelerated observers. The results show that there will always exist entanglement, even if acceleration r arrives to infinity. The degree of entanglement for all 1–1 tangles are always equal to zero, but 1–2 tangles always decrease with the acceleration parameter r. We notice that the von Neumann entropy increases with the number of the accelerated observers and S

κ
I
ζ
I
(κ, ζ ∈ (A, B, C)) first increases and then decreases with the acceleration parameter r. This implies that the subsystem ρ

κ
I
ζ
I

is first more disorder and then the disorder will be reduced as the acceleration parameter r increases. Moreover, it is found that the von Neumann entropies S
ABCI, S
ABICI
and S
AIBICI
always decrease with the controllable angle θ, while the entropies of the bipartite subsystems S
2−2non

(two accelerated qubits), S
2-1non

(one accelerated qubit) and S
2-0non

(without accelerated qubit) first increase with the angle θ and then decrease with it.
Manipulating the Flipping of Water Dipoles in Carbon Nanotubes*
Authors: Mao Dang-Xin , Wang Xiao-Gang , Zhou Guo-Quan , Zeng Song-Wei , Chen Liang , Chen Jun-Lang , Dai Chao-Qing
Published: October 2019

Flipping of water dipoles in carbon nanotubes is of great importance in many physical and biological applications, such as signal amplification, molecular switches and nano-gates. Ahead of these applications, understanding and inhibiting the non-negligible thermal noise is essential. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations to show that the flipping frequency of water dipoles increases with the rising temperature, and the thermal noise can be suppressed by imposed charges and external uniform electric fields. Furthermore, the water dipoles flip periodically between two equiprobable and stable states under alternating electric fields. These two stable states may be adopted to store 0 and 1 bits for memory storage or molecular computing.
Neutron Powder Diffraction Study on the Non-Superconducting Phases of ThFeAsN1−xOx (x = 0.15, 0.6) Iron Pnictide*
Authors: Mao Hui-Can , Hu Bing-Feng , Xia Yuan-Hua , Chen Xi-Ping , Wang Cao , Wang Zhi-Cheng , Cao Guang-Han , Li Shi-Liang , Luo Hui-Qian
Published: October 2019

We use neutron powder diffraction to study the non-superconducting phases of ThFeAsN
1−x

O

x

with x = 0.15, 0.6. In our previous results of the superconducting phase ThFeAsN with T
c = 30 K, no magnetic transition is observed by cooling down to 6 K, and possible oxygen occupancy at the nitrogen site is shown in the refinement [Europhys. Lett. 117 (2017) 57005]. Here in the oxygen doped system ThFeAsN
1−x

Ox, two superconducting regions (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.1 and 0.25 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.55) are identified by transport experiments [J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 30 (2018) 255602]. However, within the resolution of our neutron powder diffraction experiment, neither the intermediate doping x = 0.15 nor the heavily overdoped compound x = 0.6 shows any magnetic order from 300 K to 4 K. Therefore, while it shares the common phenomenon of two superconducting domes as most 1111-type iron-based superconductors, the magnetically ordered parent compound may not exist in this nitride family.
Numerical and Experimental Study on the Device Geometry Dependence of Performance of Heterjunction Phototransistors*
Authors: Lu Jin-Lei , Yue Chen , Li Xuan-Zhang , Wang Wen-Xin , Jia Hai-Qiang , Chen Hong , Wang Lu
Published: October 2019

Heterojunction phototransistors (HPTs) with scaling emitters have a higher optical gain compared to HPTs with normal emitters. However, to quantitatively describe the relationship between the emitter-absorber area ratio (Ae/Aa) and the performance of HPTs, and to find the optimum value of A
e
/A
a
for the geometric structure design, we develop an analytical model for the optical gain of HPTs. Moreover, five devices with different A
e/Aa
are fabricated to verify the numerical analysis result. As is expected, the measurement result is in good agreement with the analysis model, both of them confirmed that devices with a smaller A
e
/A
a
exhibit higher optical gain. The device with area ratio of 0.0625 has the highest optical gain, which is two orders of magnitude larger than that of the device with area ratio of 1 at 3 V. However, the dark current of the device with the area ratio of 0.0625 is forty times higher than that of the device with the area ratio of 1. By calculating the signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of the devices, the optimal value of A
e
/A
a
can be obtained to be 0.16. The device with the area ratio of 0.16 has the maximum SNR. This result can be used for future design principles for high performance HPTs.
Microscopic Study of Domain Structure in Charge Density Wave States in 2H-TaS1.8Se0.2
Authors: Ohta S , Fujisawa Y , Demura S , Sakata H
Published: October 2019

Transition metal dichalcogenides 2H-TaS2 and 2H-TaSe2 show charge density wave (CDW) state and superconductivity. It has been reported that elemental substitution of chalcogenide suppresses the CDW and enhances superconductivity. However, how the CDW order is suppressed by the substitution has not been clarified yet. To clarify this, we performed real space observation of the CDW state in the commensurate phase of 2H-TaS1.8Se0.2 by scanning tunneling microscopy. The existence of domains separated by walls at which the phase of the CDW shifts was observed. The change in the electronic state on the domain boundaries in 2H-TaS1.8Se0.2 was not as drastic as that in 1T-Fe
x
Ta1-x
S2.
Influence of focused-ion-beam microfabrication on superconducting transition in exfoliated thin films of layered superconductor NbSe2
Authors: Tomori Hikari , Hoshi Naoki , Inoue Dai , Kanda Akinobu
Published: October 2019

We have experimentally studied the influence of the focused ion beam (FIB) microfabrication on the superconducting properties of exfoliated thin films of layered superconductor NbSe2 through transport measurement. We observed significant decrease of the residual-resistance ratio (RRR), indicating the formation of defects by the FIB. Although clear superconducting transition was seen before the FIB microfabrication, after FIB it was blurred, and one sample exhibited insulating behavior. The possible origins of the changes in the superconducting properties are discussed.
New oxide diluted magnetic semiconductor La0.75Ca0.25Cu0.75Mn0.25SO with independent spin and charge doping by first -principle study
Authors: Chen Haoze , Li Linxian , Wang Sheng , Li Yuke , Chen Jianye , Zhang Li
Published: October 2019

Here we report the first-principle study of a bulk oxide diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) La0.75Ca0.25Cu0.75Mn0.25SO and its parent LaCuSO. As a wide band gap p-type oxide semiconductor, LaCuSO system satisfies all the conditions forecasted theoretically to be a room temperature DMS, which is important for formation of high temperature spintronic devices. Then we compare the band gap and optical properties (such as loss function, reflectivity, absorption, the real part and the imaginary part of dieletric function among LaCuSO, (La0.75Ca0.25) (Cu0.75Mn0.25)SO, (La0.75Ba0.25) (Ag0.75Mn0.25)SO and (Y0.75Sr0.25) (Cu0.75Mn0.25)SO. The results show that the band gap of LaCuSO system decreases most drastically with co-doped Ca and Mn (from 2.1eV to 1eV). As for the optical properties, both the position and intensity of the peaks changed most drastically, too. It illustrates that the energy band structure influences the optical properties.
On the growth of Co-doped BaFe2As2thin films on CaF2
Authors: Langer Marco , Meyer Sven , Ackermann Kai , Grünewald Lukas , Kauffmann-Weiss Sandra , Aswartham Saicharan , Wurmehl Sabine , Hänisch Jens , Holzapfel Bernhard
Published: October 2019

The competition between phase formation of BaF2and Ba(Fe1−xCox)2As2on CaF2single crystals has been analysed. Ba(Fe0.92Co0.08)2As2thin films have been deposited by pulsed laser deposition. X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy studies have revealed that the formation of secondary phases and misorientations as well as the growth modes of the Ba(Fe0.92Co0.08)2As2thin films strongly depend on the growth rate. At high growth rates, formation of BaF2is suppressed. The dependency of the Ba(Fe0.92Co0.08)2As2lattice parameters supports the idea of fluorine diffusion into the crystal structure upon suppression of BaF2formation similar as was proposed for FeSe1−xTexthin films on CaF2. Furthermore, a growth mode transition from a layer growth mechanism to a three-dimensional growth mode at high supersaturation has been found, suggesting similarities between the growth mechanism of iron-based superconductors and high-Tccuprate thin films.
Transport properties of FeSe1−xSx and FeSe1−yTey epitaxial thin films under magnetic fields
Authors: Shikama N , Ishikawa T , Nabeshima F , Maeda A
Published: October 2019

We comparatively investigated transport properties of FeSe1−x
S
x
and FeSe1−y
Te
y
epitaxial thin films under magnetic field. The contrastive behavior between Te and S substituted materials was observed in the carrier density estimated from the Hall effect as a function of x (or y), which is similar to that in T
c. This means that the effect of the disappearance of the structural transition is not universal for superconductivity in Fe chalcogenides. T
c was found to have a strong correlation with carrier concentration, which is in agreement with our recent result in FeSe film samples where the strain was changed systematically from compressive to tensile.
Response of a superconductor NbSe2 flake to magnetic field detected with small tunnel junctions
Authors: Hoshi Naoki , Inoue Dai , Sonoda Hiroki , Yabe Daisuke , Tomori Hikari , Kanda Akinobu
Published: October 2019

We have experimentally studied response of a superconductor NbSe2 flake to perpendicular magnetic fields using small tunnel junctions. The NbSe2 film (lateral size ∼ several μm, thickness ∼ 50 nm) was obtained using the mechanical exfoliation of a bulk crystal and was transfered on top of predefined Au electrodes, forming an Au/NbSe2/Au double SIN tunnel junction system. At 4.2 K, between the lower and upper critical fields (H

C1 and H

C2), the voltage of the Au/NbSe2/Au structure under constant current of 1 μA exhibited random-telegraph-noise-like fluctuations as a function of the magnetic field which was applied perpendicular to the NbSe2 flake. The origin of the voltage fluctuations is discussed.
High-Yield Fabrication of Ag Films by Reel-to-Reel Pulsed Laser Deposition System
Authors: Matsuzaka Jin , Tsuchiya Yuji , Ichino Yusuke , Yoshida Yutaka
Published: October 2019

Ag films are deposited on REBCO tapes as a stabilizing layer by a sputtering method in the most case. The sputtering deposition has a disadvantage of material cost for wasted Ag due to a low deposition yield, contrary to the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method. Therefore, we developed Reel-to-Reel PLD system to fabricate Ag films on tapes with the high deposition yield. As results, the PLD method has a deposition rate up to 1 nm/s as the sputtering method. The electrical resistivity of the Ag film by the PLD method is 4.7 times higher than the sputtering method. The deposition yield of the PLD method is 13 times higher than the sputtering method. Finally, the Ag film was deposited on moving tapes by using the developed Reel-to-Reel PLD system with a uniform thickness.
Improvement of the trapped field of REBCO bulk activated by pulsed field magnetization with a large soft-iron yoke
Authors: Yokoyama K , Oka T
Published: October 2019

We study to increase the trapped magnetic field of a REBCO bulk magnet excited by pulsed field magnetization (PFM). In PFM, a soft-iron yoke is used to expose the bulk to the magnetic field for a long time. Although a small yoke 40 mm in diameter was used in our previous study, it was changed to a large yoke 64 mm in diameter in this paper. Accordingly, the pulse width was extended by 13%. When a GdBCO bulk 60 mm in diameter and 20 mm thick was magnetized by varying an amplitude of the applied field and temperature in a bulk magnet system using a two-stage GM-type refrigerator with a cooling capacity of 12 W at 20 K, the maximum trapped flux density reached 4.07 T on the center of the bulk surface and 2.56 T on the pole surface at 20 K. Moreover, the total magnetic flux was 3.28 mWb, which was about 13% larger than that of a small yoke. This result suggests that this method is useful in practice because the trapped field can be enhanced only by changing the soft-iron yoke.
Ginzburg-Landau theory for the operation principle of superconducting delay-line inductance detectors
Authors: Koyama T , Ishida T
Published: October 2019

Transmission of voltage pulses generated by local heating in a kinetic inductance detector made of a superconducting stripline is theoretically investigated on the basis of the TDGL equation. The effect of thermal diffusion is also incorporated into the electrodynamics of this system. We derive an equation that can describe the generation and transmission of voltage pulses in this detector. A pair of voltage pulses with opposite polarities are created when a spatiotemporal variation in the superconducting order parameter occurs in a small region of this superconducting stripline. We clarify the characteristic feature in the shape of the voltage pulse.
Temperature dependent characteristics of neutron signals from a current-biased Nb nanowire detector with 10B converter
Authors: Vu The Dang , Iizawa Yuki , Nishimura Kazuma , Shishido Hiroaki , Kojima Kenji M , Oikawa Kenichi , Harada Masahide , Miyajima Shigeyuki , Hidaka Mutsuo , Oku Takayuki , Soyama Kazuhiko , Aizawa Kazuya , Koyama Tomio , Ishida Takekazu
Published: October 2019

We are developing a new type of the neutron imager based on a superconducting neutron detector. We previously succeeded in constructing and demonstrating neutron detection capability of a superconducting current-biased kinetic inductance detector (CB-KID). In order to improve the spatial resolution and detection efficiency, the characteristics of a superconducting neutron detector have been studied systematically in the present work. As an extension of studying the characteristics of neutron detector, we investigated temperature dependence of neutron signal such as propagation velocity and the signal amplitude as a function of time of flight (ToF) with temperature. We consider that it is important to understand the temperature dependence of the signal to improve the spatial resolution and detection efficiency of a superconducting neutron detector.
Multipoint measurements of a Pipe Using HTS-SQUID and Magnetostriction-Based Ultrasonic Guided Wave
Authors: Azuma Y , Terawaka T , Kubota S , Yokouchi Y , Hatsukade Y , Adachi S , Tanabe K
Published: October 2019

This paper describes study on remote inspection technology for pipes by using magnetostriction-based ultrasonic guided wave and high temperature superconductor (HTS) superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) gradiometer. Magnetized nickel plates were adhered on an aluminium pipe sample, in order to use them as magnetostriction-based guided wave transceivers. A pair of 10mm-wide nickel plate with different angle arrangement were used to transceive uniformly distributed guided waves at all angles. A field coil was wound around one set of the nickel plates as a transmitter, while the other was used as a receiver. T (0, 1) mode guided wave was generated on the pipe by supplying a burst sine wave current of one cycle at several tens kHz to the coil. Multipoint measurements of the T (0, 1) mode guided waves around the pipe’s circumference were carried out by setting the HTS-SQUID gradiometer above the receiver with lift-off of about 9 mm and rotating the pipe for 360 degrees. Signal of reflected wave from an artificial slit on the sample was well detected. We simulated the distribution of the guided wave propagating on the pipe with the slit using an ultrasonic simulator and compared the distribution with the experiment result. The guided wave signal distributions including the defect signal obtained by experiment and simulation agreed well.
Experimental investigation of the processes of degradation and transition to the normal state in CC-tapes under the action of current pulses
Authors: Osipov M , Pokrovskii S , Abin D , Anishenko I , Rudnev I
Published: October 2019

The study of the behaviour of CC tapes under the action of nonstationary current loads was conducted: a transition to the normal state was observed, as well as processes of CC-tape degradation. The obtained data make it possible to solve the problems associated with the creation of high-speed switching devices based on high-temperature superconductors, intended for functioning in superconducting energy storage devices, energy distribution and transmission systems, current limiters, and new types of transport. In addition to superconducting switches, pulsed current loads can occur in the mentioned above systems due to short-circuit conditions or other factors, and can lead to local heating of HTSC, especially if there is an inhomogenity in the critical current in the CC-tapes. In this work we present the results of a study of non-stationary processes second generation HTS tapes heating under the impulse current loads with amplitudes up to 2.2Ic (77K, self-field). Superconducting tapes with a copper protective layer were used as the samples. The I-V characteristics of the samples were measured under the action of current pulses during cooling in liquid nitrogen. Critical parameters (amplitude, rise time of the transport current) of the current pulses, leading to the degradation of the superconductor were obtained. local current carrying characteristics of CC-tapes investigated using Hall probe magnetometry. The features of the influence of local inhomogeneities in the distribution of the critical current of the tapes on the transition of the superconductor to the normal state are revealed.
Experimental and theoretical discussion on step-out characteristics of high temperature superconducting induction/synchronous motor
Authors: Nakamura T , Sekiguchi D
Published: October 2019

This paper presents experimental and theoretical results of step-out characteristics of a 20 kW class High Temperature Superconducting Induction/Synchronous Motor (HTS-ISM). A fabricated motor (3-phase, 8-pole, rotor windings: HTS, stator windings: Cu) is investigated, and its maximum quasi-synchronous output is 20 kW at line voltage of 400 V. The step out condition and its behaviour is investigated for different combinations of the input voltage and the drive frequency at 77 K (atmospheric liquid nitrogen). It is shown that tested results of torque versus primary current characteristics agree well with the theoretical expression by compensating with no-load currents. However, the corresponding step-out current differ each other when air-gap magnetic flux density, which is in proportion to (voltage/frequency), increases. Based on electromagnetic field analysis, it could be concluded the reason for the above discrepancy is the magnetic saturation of the iron core. Furthermore, step-out occurs at the phase angle of 45 degree regardless of which is whether or not the step-out current is affected by the above magnetic saturation. These results are really important for the consideration of stable rotation condition of the HTS-ISM.
Fundamental Study on Cancer Therapy by Blocking Newborn Blood Vessels Using a Rotating Magnetic Field
Authors: Kirimura Makoto , Akiyama Yoko
Published: October 2019

In this study, we examined a novel cancer therapy by blocking newborn blood vessels with ferromagnetic particles. In this treatment, we try to necrose cancer by accumulating and aggregating the ferromagnetic particles inside the newborn blood vessels. Practically, this method needs to accumulate the particles in the deep part of the body, so the use of superconducting solenoidal magnets is essential. In addition, a design of magnetic field for accumulating the particles selectively in newborn blood vessels is necessary. We designed a rotating magnetic field that can locally accumulate the particles within a spherical range of 10 mm in diameter, 200 mm away from a source of magnetic field. According to the result of experiment and particle trajectory calculation, it was found that the accumulation range of the ferromagnetic particles can be controlled by the rotation frequency of the rotating magnetic field.
Palm oil spills on the performance of non-palm plantations in Indonesia: an empirical analysis
Authors: Harianto
Published: October 2019

Rapid development of oil palm plantations is predicted to cause various problems, one of which is the conversion of land and the shift of non-palm oil businesses to palm oil businesses. This research is aimed at analyzing the impacts of palm oil industry, through the price of palm oil in the international market, to the area and production of non-oil palm plantations (rubber, cacao, and coffee). The study employed time series data from 1991 to 2015. An econometric model was built to connect variables that affect the area and the production level of non-palm plantation and use multiple regression methods to determine its effect. The results showed that the price of palm oil had a positive effect on the expansion of rubber, cocoa, and coffee plantations. The effect of the price of palm oil on the production of non-palm plantations also shows a positive direction. Thus, the development of oil palm plantations does not have a negative impact on the development of non-palm plantations. The policy implications of the results of this study are the need to utilize the positive impacts of development of the palm oil industry for the development of plantations in the broadest sense.
Replanting policy of Indonesian palm oil plantation in strengthening the implementation of sustainable development goals
Authors: Purba Jan Horas Veryady
Published: October 2019

Indonesia’s palm oil industry is one of the National strategic commodities. This industry is inclusive and has a very broad impact on Indonesia’s economic development, regional development, poverty alleviation, the country’s foreign exchange resources and attempted to help overcome Indonesia’s balance of payments deficit. Along with the end of the first 25 years of age in most of oil palm plantations in Indonesia, the replanting policy has become an important momentum, because it concerns the future of the Indonesian oil industry, then continued with the second milestone of the 2040s. With replanting, Indonesia also improves productivity and is followed by improvements in technical culture. Indonesian oil palm productivity is directed to reach the 35-26 scenario, which is the production of 35 tons of FFB per ha and 26 percent yield so that Indonesia’s palm productivity will shift from productivity levels of 4.4 tons of CPO per hectare to 9 tons of CPO per hectare. With this level of productivity, Indonesia’s CPO production will increase from 77.17 million tons in 2050 to 94.64 million tons. The purpose of this study is not merely to look at oil palm plantations from an economic standpoint because in a broader scope, oil palm plantations have four multifunction agriculture, namely green functions, blue functions, yellow functions, and white functions. The replanting policy of Indonesian palm oil also plays a role in strengthening Indonesia’s palm oil industry in the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, which includes the economic fields (8 SDGs), social fields (6 SDGs) and the environment (3 SDGs).
Comparative analysis between smallholder and partnership oil palm farming system in Jambi Province
Authors: Napitupulu Dompak , Ernawati HD , Elwamendri  , Yanita Mirawati , Fauzia Gina
Published: October 2019

Indonesia is becoming the largest palm oil producer in the world. This commodity estate farm is carried out by smallholder, government, as well as big private companies. As the law rules it, both government and big private companies are urged to run the oil palm plantation in partnership system. This study is aimed to compare the oil palm estate revenue between smallholder and partnership farmer in Jambi Province. Data is analyzed in quantitative descriptive model analysis. The results showed that the average farm income of smallholder is significantly higher than the oil palm partnership farmer. Statistical Analysis also showed that the fresh fruit bunches price (TBS), fertilizer, and labour factors used were significantly affected the oil palm estate benefit.
The loss, gain, and diversity of butterfly species due to the development of PT PKWE oil palm plantation, West Kalimantan Province
Authors: Ginoga Lin Nuriah , Santosa Yanto , Mutmainnah Andi Rezki
Published: October 2019

An increase in oil palm plantation area of ± 9.3 million hectares within 20 years (1997 – 2006) raises concerns of the international communities on the loss of diversity, including butterflies. Butterflies have multiple ecological functions, including as pollinator and ecosystem balancer, hence research about the impact of oil palm plantation development on the loss, gain, and diversity is important to conduct. The research was conducted in March 2018 in PKWE Plantation, West Kalimantan Province, by using Pollard transect method and trap in seven land covers. The land covers consist of two original land covers before made into oil palm plantation, in the form of shrubs and secondary forest, and five land covers after made into oil palm plantation, in the form of old, medium, young oil palm plantation, High Conservation Value (NKT) area, and yard. The total butterfly species found amounted to 49 species, 315 individuals, four families: Papilionidae (8 species), Pieridae (8 species), Nymphalidae (31 species), and Lycanidae (2 species). The highest number of species and diversity were discovered in the High Conservation Value (HCV) area (S=26; Dmg=6.24), while the lowest ones were located in a yard area (S=11; Dmg=2.09). Based on conservation status, there were a butterfly species which is protected namely Troides helena. Regarding the loss and gain of butterfly species, oil palm plantation development had caused a much lower loss than gain. With the loss of five species and gain of 27 species compared to the original land cover in the form of secondary forest, and the loss of three species and gain of 26 species compared to the original land cover in the form of shrubs.
CART- A Statistical Model for Predicting QoE using Machine Learning in Smartphones
Authors: Christina Ruth , Liz Shajan Greeshma , Ankayarkanni B.
Published: October 2019

The proliferation of fast, cheap, and ubiquitous network access, in particular on mobile devices, has significantly changed the way user’s access online benefits on an everyday premise. Alongside the expanded accessibility of a dependably on Internet, new advancements, for example, LTE have empowered the utilization of a wide range of administrations, with stringent necessities regarding system execution and limit requests. We consider different QoE appraisal models in view of administered machine learning strategies, which are proficient to foresee the QoE experienced by the end client of well-known cell phone applications (e.g., YouTube and Face book), utilizing as info the inactive in-gadget estimations. In this extraordinary issue, we investigate the connection between the Quality of Service (QoS) that administrators screen and oversee and the Quality of Experience (QoE) that the clients really get. Utilizing a rich QoE dataset got from field trials in operational cell systems, we benchmark the execution of various machine learning based indicators, and build a choice tree based model which is able to foresee the per-client general understanding and administration worthiness with a win rate of 91% and 98% separately. To the best of our knowledge, this is the initial proposal using end-user, in-device passive measurements and machine learning models to predict the QoE of smartphone users in operational cellular networks.
A Proficient DDoS Overflow Attack Discovery and Avoidance Scheme
Authors: Jesudoss A. , Manoj Kumar H. , Sai Charan Reddy Manchala L.
Published: October 2019

The DDoS(distributed denial-of-service) attack happens when several clients seek the web server to a particular system which may lead to overflowing with abnormal traffic. The proxy server which measures the traffic on the server and classifies the attacks with floods. The current problem faced by web servers is that the anonymous user enters and done some malicious tasks, causes the server crashing. We provide a solution to blacklist and restrict the access. If the anonymous user tries to access the server, the mechanism will check with the backlist data and if it exists means it will block and provide a message to us by sending an alert to the server.
Design and Analysis of Wearable Antenna for Wireless Body Area Network
Authors: Karthikeyan S. , Venu Gopal Yedduri , Giri Narendra Kumar V. , Ravi T.
Published: October 2019

The fast development of wearable low-power devices has increased the requirement of solutions for WBAN implementation. In addition to the need, to reduce the device’s dimensions and improve power consumption, it is also important to work on developing flexible antenna’s that may be integrated into a wide variety of applications. This paper is a study of wearable antenna design for wireless body area network applications. A literature review of existing wearable antennas is studied. A wearable antenna is designed with size optimization. The antenna is designed using ANSYS High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS) software. The designed antenna works at operating frequency of 2.45 GHz. A rectangular patch made up of copper is used as radiating patch and the ground is also made with copper. The substrate material used is bed sheet cotton with a relative permittivity of 3.27 and the loss tangent is 0.00786. The size of the antenna is 40mm*34mm*1.26mm. The properties such as gain directivity and VSWR are studied for the designed antenna. The properties are studied using the ANSYS HFSS software.
Automated Payroll Using GPS Tracking and Image Capture
Authors: Mohan Prasad K. , Sai Nagendra Goru Rajeev , Vamsi Desu , Albert Mayan Mr.J.
Published: October 2019

The main theme of this paper is tracking the employee using an android device and calculating payroll for the working hours he worked. From olden days there are many methods for evaluating the attendance, for example, paper and pen method in this method either the supervisor will take the attendance or under his control, the workers used to sing with their names, but this process had many backlogs and many proxies can be generated. Later on the technology developed to great extent in the similar way the way of taking attendance also developed a lot for example in current days they are using RFID chips, biometric devices, etc. but each of the methods is having a same or different backlogs to eradicate the disadvantages and for accurate result we are introducing attendance method using GPS tracking. Now a day’s people or any organization wants their work to be completed fast without taking any time one of the examples payroll allotment so we also include a module for paying payroll according to the number of days that they worked. This project contains two phases one is the mobile phase i.e. android app for field workers for tracking their position for every 5 minutes and there is a web phase where the HR and admin will monitor the employees and for security purpose they are allotted with the employee identification number and password and in the web phase the tracking is done under the control of HR and admin.
Optimal and Suboptimal Resource Allocation Techniques by Using Virtualmigration in Cloud Computing
Authors: Prasanth Varma C. , Infant Cinty L. , Muthukumar B , Albert Mayan J
Published: October 2019

This paper discusses about data transmission between hot machines and warm machines. We employ a Main Cloud Server (MCS) for this purpose. MCS provides a variety of services. User have to give request to MCS and it will provide necessary service. User will be sends request to MCS for data upload and the request will be sent to CSP and that allocates job to Virtual Machines. We need to use two machines such as HOT MACHINES and WARM MACHINES. Hot machines can handle current job. Warm machines can be idle state until the job is assigned. Every machines will be having three virtual machines. The user can raise the service request CSP to access the resources found in cloud. So, the CSP provides approve or rejection is accept by CSP, then user can immediately access or download the resource from cloud server.