bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of recovery model implementation in psychiatric hospitals: Clients and multidisciplinary staff perspective
Authors: Biran‐Ovadia Ateret , Strous Rael D. , Bart Orit , Lipskaya‐Velikovsky Lena
Published: December 2022

The recovery model guides mental health services. However, the delivery of recovery‐oriented services in inpatient settings is still a challenge. Factors affecting recovery model implementation can be classified into three types: the hospital environment, the inpatient and the service provider. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the impact of environment, inpatient and service provider factors on recovery model implementation in hospitals. Forty‐five service providers and 42 inpatients from three types of wards (acute locked, acute open and daycare) of two hospitals participated in this cross‐sectional study. We assessed inpatient cognition, functional capacity and illness severity. In addition, we retrieved information on service providers' professional status and evaluated the recovery model knowledge and attitudes. Implementation of the recovery model was measured using the Recovery Self‐Assessment, both the inpatient and service provider versions. Differences were found between the three types of wards in recovery orientation as reported by service providers ( = 15.3, P < 0.001), but not by inpatients ( = 2.34, P > 0.05). Providers' internalized knowledge and attitudes toward recovery, inpatients' functional capacity and age of illness onset were associated with recovery implementation (0.31 < r < 0.48, P < 0.05). The findings confirm quantitatively the multilevel nature of factors that affect the implementation of the recovery model in psychiatric hospitals. The inpatients' perspective should be incorporated into the service development process. Based on the study results, the reduction in the restrictive features of the wards' environment is recommended. Promotion of the recovery model implementation in the hospital setting requires the expansion of staff's internal positive attitudes toward recovery.
Novice nurses' experiences in provision of mental ill health care within a regional emergency department: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Peart Talitha , Kerr Debra , Searby Adam
Published: December 2022

Emergency departments are often the first point of contact for individuals presenting to healthcare services for assistance and treatment for mental ill health. Emergency departments, particularly those in regional areas, can experience high staff turnover and rely on novice nurses for workforce sustainability. The aim of this paper is to explore the experiences of novice nurses (nurses with <3 years of experience) in providing care to individuals presenting with mental ill health in the emergency department. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with novice nurses (N = 13) in a regional emergency department, using qualitative description as the guiding framework. The following three main themes were identified: (i) confidence in providing quality and safe nursing care, (ii) perceived barriers to providing quality and safe nursing care, and (iii) factors that increase confidence. Our findings indicate that proving safe and appropriate nursing care is affected in novice nurses by factors that lead to a perceived lack of confidence, such as how individuals present to the emergency department (e.g. intoxicated or violent), an inability to conduct conversations to assess accurately and perceived shortfalls in the emergency department environment itself. Future research should examine the curriculum for relevance of undergraduate education regarding acute mental health presentations and develop training strategies that enhance communication with individuals who present to the emergency department with mental ill health.
Ink development for the additive manufacturing of strong green parts by layerwise slurry deposition (LSD‐print)
Authors: Diener Sarah , Schubert Hendrik , Günster Jens , Zocca Andrea
Published: December 2022

Obtaining dense fine ceramics by the binder jetting additive manufacturing process is challenging. A slurry‐based binder jetting process, such as the layerwise slurry deposition (LSD‐print) process, can enable the printing of dense ceramic parts. This work describes a procedure to develop and qualify a suitable ink to manufacture silicon carbide green parts by LSD‐print. Not only the printability but also the compatibility of the ink with the powder bed and the effect of the binding agent on the properties of the green parts are considered. Both aspects are important to obtain high green strength, which is necessary for printing large or thin‐walled parts. Characterization methods, such as rheological and surface tension measurements, are applied to optimize three selected inks. The interplay between ink and powder bed is tested by contact angle measurements and by comparing the biaxial strength of cast and additively manufactured specimens. Out of the three binding agents tested, a polyethyleneimine and a phenolic resin have a high potential for their use in the LSD‐print of silicon carbide green bodies, whereas a polyacrylate binding agent did not show the required properties.
Experiences of people with intellectual disability and dementia: A systematic review
Authors: Jacobs Paula , Watchman Karen , Wilkinson Heather , Hoyle Louise , McGenily Laura
Published: December 2022

Background

Dementia disproportionately affects people with intellectual disability. Most qualitative studies explore their experiences by utilising proxy‐reports. A smaller number of studies illustrate the possibility of exploring perspectives directly from people with intellectual disability and dementia.

Method

This systematic review synthesised findings from existing studies (n = 8) that involve people with intellectual disability and dementia as participants to understand their experiences of dementia. Searches were conducted using CINAHL, PsychInfo and Social Services Abstracts.

Results

Findings include descriptions of changes in individual functioning, a narrowing of social worlds and of how people made sense of the changes despite often having no knowledge of their dementia diagnosis. Additionally, discussion focuses on how people's experiences are shaped by their environments.

Conclusion

The review recognises the complexities of speaking to people with intellectual disability about dementia, challenges views that people with intellectual and dementia cannot be involved in research and makes recommendations to support inclusion in future studies.
Peace, Prosperity and Protection: Narratives of Integration and the ‘Justification Jungle’ of Europe's Public Spheres
Authors: de Wilde Pieter
Published: December 2022

The European Union (EU) is in search of a new narrative to create a sense of common purpose, but it is unclear around which values that narrative should be built. To analyse how different narratives resonate in Europe's public spheres, this article presents a novel dataset based on claims analysis of newspaper articles from Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Poland and Denmark between 2012 and 2019 on the issues of migration, the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), trade and counterterrorism. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses show how different frames have been used for various policy agendas. This reveals considerable variation, but comparatively low levels of explained variance. Europe's public spheres can thus be described as a ‘justification jungle’, where many actors use a range of arguments to back up diverging political demands. This poses a formidable obstacle to any single narrative of European integration.
Attentional biases for sad faces in offspring of mothers with a history of major depression: trajectories of change from childhood to adolescence
Authors: Gibb Brandon E. , Owens Max , Brick Leslie A. D.
Published: December 2022

Background

Theorists have proposed that the way children process social–emotional information may serve as a mechanism of risk for the intergenerational transmission of depression. There is growing evidence that infants and children of mothers with a history of major depressive disorder (MDD) during the child's life exhibit attentional avoidance of sad faces, which has been proposed as an early emerging emotion regulation strategy. In contrast, there is clear evidence that at‐risk and depressed adolescents and adults exhibit difficulty disengaging attention from sad faces.

Methods

Seeking to link these two literatures, the current U.S.‐based study used eye tracking within the context of an accelerated longitudinal design to assess attentional biases in 8–14‐year‐old offspring of mothers with a history MDD during the child's life (n = 123) or no history of MDD (n = 119) every six months for two years, allowing us to map trajectories of attention from age 8 to 16.

Results

Mother MDD history moderated age‐based changes in children's gaze duration to sad (t[240] = 2.44, p = .02), but not happy (t[240] = 0.11, p = .91) or angry (t[240] = 0.67, p = .50), faces. Consistent our hypotheses, offspring of mothers with MDD exhibited significantly less attention to sad faces than offspring of never depressed mothers before age 8.5 but significantly more attention to sad faces after age 14.5, which was due to an increase in gaze duration to sad faces from childhood to adolescence among offspring of mothers with MDD (t[122] = 5.44, p < .001) but not among offspring of never depressed mothers (t[118] = 1.49, p = .14).

Conclusions

It appears that the form, and perhaps function, of attentional bias may shift across development in at‐risk youth. To the extent that this is true, it has significant implications not only for theories of the intergenerational transmission of depression risk but also for prevention and early intervention efforts designed to reduce this risk.
Commentary: The roles of mothers versus fathers in intergenerational family risk – a commentary on Rothenberg et al. (2023)
Authors: Capaldi Deborah M. , Kerr David C.R.
Published: December 2022

Basic research studies in the past 2 decades have established that conduct problems and antisocial behavior are associated across generations within families. The Fast Track study represents a major prevention effort with children showing higher levels of conduct problems in childhood, and the Rothenberg et al. (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2022) study sheds light on whether this intervention has beneficial effects on the family of procreation. In this commentary, we consider the implications of the major finding that such effects were found for women but not for men. We discuss evidence that men's parenting behavior is influenced by the parenting behavior and overall risk of their women partners, and thus preventive interventions in childhood may have beneficial influences on fathers through mothers.
Blocking interleukin‐17 in psoriasis: Real‐world experience from the PsoPlus cohort
Authors: Schots Lisa , Soenen Rani , Blanquart Brigitte , Thomas Debby , Lambert Jo
Published: December 2022

Background

Real‐world studies on the use of biologics in psoriasis (Pso) are increasing, but still scarce. Trough concentrations (Cts) of interleukin‐17 inhibitors (IL‐17i) seem promising for clinical decision‐making, but their value in daily practice has yet to be proven.

Objectives

To report on IL‐17i effectiveness, treatment modifications and Ct use in our clinic.

Methods

Data were collected from IL‐17i‐treated Pso patients followed up in the PsoPlus clinic at the Dermatology department, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium. Descriptive statistics and Kaplan–Meier analysis were performed.

Results

A total of 111 patients were included, counting for 134 IL‐17i courses (secukinumab, ixekizumab, and brodalumab). Fifty‐five per cent of the patients were bio‐naive prior to IL‐17i initiation. During maintenance, merely 97.0% and 77% achieved near‐complete and complete skin clearance, respectively. Major reasons for treatment modification were suboptimal response (63.0%) and safety issues (9.3%). Reported modifications were switch (25.4%), dose escalation (11.9%), dose de‐escalation (6.7%), treatment association (6.0%) and IL‐17i stop (3.0%). Overall drug survival was 69.0 months, without difference between the different IL‐17i (p = 0.078). Ixekizumab tended to have the highest survival. Drug survival was higher in bio‐naive subjects compared to bio‐experienced subjects (p = 0.011). Ct was measured in 20 patients and interpreted post hoc. In 85%, the clinical decision was in accordance with the Ct (e.g. substantiated need for dose escalation). For the other cases, the Ct would have led to another clinical decision if known at that time.

Conclusions

This real‐world study showed that IL‐17i are very effective drugs for Pso, with ixekizumab as leading biologic. Prior bio‐experience seemed to impact IL‐17i drug survival. Treatment modifications were mainly performed in case of insufficient response, primarily via switch and dose escalation, and least frequently in ixekizumab patients. Ct might rationalize clinical decision‐making; however, there is need for standardized algorithms to corroborate its use.
The relationships between specific dynamic action, nutrient retention and feed conversion ratio in farmed freshwater Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
Authors: Elvy Jordan E. , Symonds Jane E. , Hilton Zoë , Walker Seumas P. , Tremblay Louis A. , Herbert Neill A.
Published: December 2022

Improving the feed conversion ratio (FCR; the amount of feed consumed relative to the amount of weight gain) can reduce both production costs and environmental impacts of farmed fish. The aim of this study was to investigate what drives FCR to understand how nutrients are retained, as well as the amount of oxygen consumed for digestion, absorption and assimilation (a metabolic process known as specific dynamic action, SDA). Feed‐efficient and inefficient Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in fresh water were identified using ballotini beads and X‐radiography that tracked individual feed intake across three assessment periods under satiated feeding. This allowed a comparison of physiological traits and body composition between the two FCR phenotypes over two time points as Chinook salmon grew from 305 to 620 g. Fish with higher daily feed intake (DFI) had higher daily weight gain (DWG) as expected. Nonetheless, the relationship between FCR and DFI as well as FCR and DWG was variable between time points. FCR and DWG were not correlated at the first time point and were negatively correlated at the second time point. In contrast, FCR and DFI were positively correlated at the first time point but not the second. Despite this, efficient fish ate smaller meals and retained more protein, lipid and energy in their body tissues. There was no detectable difference in metabolism between the two FCR phenotypes with respect to minimal resting metabolic rate, maximum metabolic rate, aerobic scope, or SDA parameters. In conclusion, FCR is not consistently associated with growth and metabolic differences in freshwater Chinook salmon, but FCR‐efficient fish retain more nutrients and consume smaller meals.
Benefits, limitations and implementation issues for integrating organic foods into hospital foodservices: a systematic review
Authors: Buller Marnie , Di Stefano Jack , D'Anna Natalie , Haimovich Julia , Indovino Alessia , Leeson Taylor , Muscat Cassie , Triskelidis Ariana , Cook Nathan , Porter Judi
Published: December 2022

Background

Public institutions have the opportunity to implement environmental sustainability policies through leveraging their buying potential. Given the role of hospitals within the food system, the implementation of sustainable initiatives into hospital foodservices is a priority. Compared to conventional agricultural methods, organic food production uses more sustainable practices and warrants consideration for utilisation in hospitals. This systematic review aimed to synthesise the published literature to identify benefits, limitations and implementation issues regarding the use of organic foods in hospital foodservice settings.

Methods

The review protocol was prospectively published (PROSPERO registration CRD42022322245) and reported consistent with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A systematic search of four databases was undertaken for papers published from January 2000 to March 2022; key outcome data were extracted and synthesised. Study quality was assessed using the Quality Criteria Checklist for Primary Research or the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist.

Results

After review of 4102 titles/abstracts and 113 full‐text papers, the final library comprised 10 papers of moderate to high quality. The implementation of organic foods increased quality in addition to environmental sustainability improvements. The price premium, additional production requirements, change to kitchen routines and concerns with food quality and security of supply were reported as barriers. Government targets for increasing organic food, organisational support, and staff knowledge and training supported implementation.

Conclusions

This review identified opportunities for the implementation of organic foods into hospital foodservices, but there are numerous barriers to be overcome through strategies including organisational support and staff training.
To curve for survival: Apical hook development
Authors: Wang Yichuan , Peng Yang , Guo Hongwei
Published: December 2022

Apical hook is a simple curved structure formed at the upper part of hypocotyls when dicot seeds germinate in darkness. The hook structure is transient but essential for seedlings' survival during soil emergence due to its efficient protection of the delicate shoot apex from mechanical injury. As a superb model system for studying plant differential growth, apical hook has fascinated botanists as early as the Darwin age, and significant advances have been achieved at both the morphological and molecular levels to understand how apical hook development is regulated. Here, we will mainly summarize the research progress at these two levels. We will also briefly compare the growth dynamics between apical hook and hypocotyl gravitropic bending at early seed germination phase, with the aim to deduce a certain consensus on their connections. Finally, we will outline the remaining questions and future research perspectives for apical hook development.
Shrub diversity in Mediterranean shrublands: Rescuer or victim of productivity?
Authors: Madrigal‐González Jaime , Fernández‐Santos Belén , Silla Fernando , García Rodríguez José Antonio
Published: December 2022

Aims

Unravelling the most prevalent causal direction between diversity and function in naturally recovered plant assemblages can greatly improve our understanding of the functional significance of diversity and its applications under the ongoing environmental changes. In this study, we apply a structural equation model framework to unravel the most plausible causal direction in the diversity–productivity relationship in subseral Mediterranean shrub‐dominated communities.

Methods

Total shrub cover (as a proxy of productivity when controlled by the time since land use cessation or the last wildfire), the number of species, and the number of functional types based on the dominant life forms (phanerophytes vs. chamaephytes), and the dominant foliar syndromes (deciduous vs. evergreen, needled vs. broad‐leaved), were sampled in 195 circular plots distributed along an elevation gradient ranging from 400 to 1400 m a.s.l. in the Central Iberian Peninsula. We first explored the distribution of functional types along the elevation gradient using a non‐metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). Secondly, a structural equation model (SEM) framework using mixed‐effects models was defined to unveil the prevalent causal direction between diversity (species and functional types) and productivity at the landscape scale.

Results

Model selection using the Fisher'sCinformation criterion supported a causal direction from total shrub cover to diversity in this landscape. Interestingly, the best supported model also supported a positive relationship between species richness and the number of functional types, which in turn is driven by the total shrub cover along the elevation gradient.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that more species might not necessarily boost productivity. On the contrary, ongoing warming temperatures and aridity, which are characteristic of low elevations compared to highlands, might significantly reduce the number of species (victim rather than rescuer) through deleterious effects on productivity.
The assessment of genetic diversity and population structure of Verbascum gypsicola by ISSR markers for conservation purposes
Authors: Keser Ali Murat , Yaprak Ahmet Emre
Published: December 2022

The habitats of many plant species are under severe threat, especially from human activities. Therefore, it was aimed to determine the genetic potential of endemic Verbascum gypsicola in Turkey. Samples were taken from 96 individuals belonging to four populations of V. gypsicola. While the percentage of polymorphic locus at the species level was 99.5%, the average percentage of polymorphic locus at the population level was 61.1%, the Nei gene diversity was H = 0.14; the Shannon information index was determined as I = 0.24. At the same time, the total genetic diversity of the species, genetic diversity within the populations, genetic diversity among populations and gene flow values between the populations were determined as HT = 0.14, HS = 0.13, GST = 0.11 and NM = 3.72, respectively. Within‐population variation was 81%, among‐population variation was 8% and interregional variation was 11% according to AMOVA. Results from STRUCTURE analyses revealed two major groupings of populations and some divergence within one of the major groupings. While the genetic diversity at the species level was high, the genetic diversity at the population level was found to be lower than observed for previously studied Verbascum species. The most important reason for this is thought to reductions in population size, driven by environmental damage.
Which is more stable and specific: DSM‐5 internet gaming disorder or ICD‐11 gaming disorder? A longitudinal study
Authors: Hong Yu Na , Hwang Hyunchan , Starcevic Vladan , Choi Tae Young , Kim Tae Ho , Han Doug Hyun
Published: December 2022

Aim

The high comorbidity rates of internet gaming disorder (IGD) and gaming disorder (GD) with other psychiatric disorders are concerning. A follow‐up study of gamers from clinical and nonclinical samples with and without diagnoses of IGD or GD was conducted to investigate the changes in diagnoses over a 1‐year period, compare their diagnostic stability, and examine the patterns of co‐occurrence between IGD and GD with other psychiatric disorders over the same period.

Methods

Baseline and 1‐year follow‐up data of 279 participants, including 120 problematic gaming patients and 159 gamers from the general population, were analyzed. Information on demographics, gaming habits, and self‐reported psychological status was collected. Additionally, a structured interview was conducted using the Gaming Diagnostic Interview and the Mini‐International Neuropsychiatric Interview.

Results

Although there was no significant difference between the changes in IGD/GD diagnosis during the 1‐year period, 34.7% of the participants had a change in IGD diagnosis, while the number of GD cases increased to 60.4%. When evaluating the fixed effects of comorbidity on IGD and GD, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder had the highest odds ratio for both IGD (75.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.67–530.61) and GD (117.02 × 106; 95% CI, 2.23 × 106–6132.64 × 106).

Conclusion

These results reveal that a GD diagnosis might be more prone to change than an IGD diagnosis. GD was also found to be more affected by comorbid psychiatric disorders.
Impact of telemedicine on the mental status of parents of children with CHD: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Sutjonong Tioky , Kalangi Ottofianus Alvedo H. , Pulinggomang Bethseba Brontang , Husada Dominicus
Published: December 2022

Background

Studies on telemedicine concentrate largely on children with congenital heart disease (CHD), in lieu of their respective parents. The psychological responses of parents of children with CHD may impact on their child's well‐being. This study aimed to examine the impact of telemedicine on the mental status of parents of children with CHD.

Methods

A meta‐analytic approach was used to analyze scores on the Self‐reporting Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Self‐reporting Depression Scale (SDS), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life, Brief Report (WHOQOL‐BREF) of the parents of children with CHD. Scores were compared between the telemedicine group and the control group prior to and following the intervention using the measurement of mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CIs).

Results

A total of 209 studies were assessed, of which 10 were incorporated into the systematic review, while four other studies met the meta‐analysis inclusion criteria. Following the intervention, the SAS and SDS scores were significantly lower in the telemedicine group in comparison to the control group (p < 0.001). Telemedicine also exerted a substantial influence on lowering the parents' SAS (p < 0.001) and SDS scores (p < 0.001), as well as improving the quality of life of the parents (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Telemedicine has a positive impact on lowering both anxiety and depression as well as improving the quality of life of parents of children with CHD.
What does it mean for humans to be groupish?
Authors: Moya Cristina
Published: December 2022

Perhaps because groupishness comes so easily to humans, clear operational definitions of the phenomena and justifications for the claim that it is deep‐seated are lacking in much of the literature. Furthermore, the assertion of human groupishness glosses over several important questions including which behaviors, which social boundaries, and which evolutionary processes make us groupish. In this paper I use an evolutionary lens, and cross‐species and cross‐cultural comparative examples to clarify the bases on which such a claim of particular human groupishness can be made. Specifically, if humans are particularly groupish, it is because we produce culturally‐structured social landscapes. This means the cognitive science of groupishness must incorporate the social science of the cultural evolution of group boundaries.
Shine, Shine, Ruthenium Caged Drug†
Authors: Etchenique Roberto , Filevich Oscar
Published: December 2022

This is a highlight on the paper by Bonnet et al.: A Lock‐and‐Kill Anticancer Photoactivated Chemotherapy Agent. which constitutes an important step toward establishing photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) as a widespread tool to treat different health issues, specially tumors. PACT can be a useful technique to deliver already tested drugs, where the effect of the desired molecule is directed only to its target after light irradiation, even in the cases in which it is difficult to achieve a precise delivery in the desired organ or tissue. Ruthenium‐polipyridyl caged‐compounds are near ideal devices to deliver a drug in that precise fashion, albeit they usually fail in revealing their actual location due to their weak light emission properties. The mentioned work introduces a simple and clever idea: the use of a covalently linked fluorophore to map the caged‐compounds in‐vivo distribution prior to the eventual irradiation to activate the chemotherapy.
Polymorphisms in alternative oxidase genes from ecotypes of Arabidopsis and rice revealed an environment‐induced linkage to altitude and rainfall
Authors: Thiers Karine Leitão Lima , da Silva João Hermínio Martins , Vasconcelos Disraeli Cavalcante Araújo , Aziz Shahid , Noceda Carlos , Arnholdt‐Schmitt Birgit , Costa José Hélio
Published: December 2022

We investigated SNPs in alternative oxidase (AOX) genes and their connection to ecotype origins (climate, altitude, and rainfall) by using genomic data sets of Arabidopsis and rice populations from 1190 and 90 ecotypes, respectively. Parameters were defined to detect non‐synonymous SNPs in the AOX ORF, which revealed amino acid (AA) changes in AOX1c, AOX1d, and AOX2 from Arabidopsis and AOX1c from rice in comparison to AOX references from Columbia‐0 and Japonica ecotypes, respectively. Among these AA changes, Arabidopsis AOX1c_A161E&G165R and AOX1c_R242S revealed a link to high rainfall and high altitude, respectively, while all other changes in Arabidopsis and rice AOX was connected to high altitude and rainfall. Comparative 3D modeling showed that all mutant AOX presented structural differences in relation to the respective references. Molecular docking analysis uncovered lower binding affinity values between AOX and the substrate ubiquinol for most of the identified structures compared to their reference, indicating better enzyme‐substrate binding affinities. Thus, our in silico data suggest that the majority of the AA changes found in the available ecotypes will confer better enzyme‐subtract interactions and thus indicate environment‐related, more efficient AOX activity.
Do the Retired Elderly in Europe Decumulate Their Wealth? The Importance of Bequest Motives, Precautionary Saving, Public Pensions, and Homeownership
Authors: Yuji Horioka Charles , Ventura Luigi
Published: December 2022

We use microdata on a large number of European countries from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) to examine the wealth accumulation (saving) behavior of the retired elderly in Europe. We find that less than half of the retired elderly in Europe are decumulating their wealth and that the average wealth accumulation rate of the retired elderly in Europe is positive though relatively moderate (6.6 percent over a 3‐year period). These findings suggest that the Wealth Decumulation Puzzle (the tendency of the retired elderly to not decumulate their wealth or to decumulate their wealth more slowly than expected) applies in the case of Europe. Moreover, our regression results suggest that bequest motives, generous public pension systems, and the reluctance of retired elderly homeowners to sell or borrow against their owner‐occupied housing are the primary explanations for the existence of the Wealth Decumulation Puzzle in Europe.
Sizing Optimization Algorithm for Vehicle-to-Grid System Considering Cost and Reliability Based on Rule-Based Scheme
Authors: Alsharif Abdulgader , Tan Chee Wei , Ayop Razman , Hussin Mohamed Nuri , Bukar Abba Lawan
Published: December 2022

The most widely two Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) used are solar and wind as naturally found sources due to the provided merits as clean, free of charge, and environmentally friendly. However, they are facing limitations in intermittency. This article aims to utilize natural resources integrated with the utility grid and Electric Vehicle (EV) to provide a hybrid system with a minimum of two objectives namely Cost of Electricity (COE) and reliability using the Losses Power Supply Probability (LPSP) method. The two mentioned objectives are considered to satisfy the residential load demand with EV in terms of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) as this article considered. The mentioned objective has been addressed by the Improved Antlion Optimization Algorithm (IALO) and coupled with a high supervisory control method called Rule-Based Energy Management Strategy (RB-EMS) to guarantee to spread the power among the system component. Optimization results show the hybrid integration of the utilized RESs with the Battery (BT) gives the most economic and reliable system for the study area integrated with the EV battery. The gained result was validated with a natural-inspired metaheuristic algorithm called Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). This article assesses the effect on the RESs generators to achieve an economic and reliable system.
Mitigate the Effect of Distributed Generators Connected to Distribution System
Authors: Oraibi Saleh , Idris Rasyidah
Published: December 2022

This paper proposes the use of two methods, the first being the conventional method and the second being curve time grading methods to study and mitigate the effect of connecting the distributive generators to the IEEE15 bus distribution system. The main contribution of this work is that they are simple and applicable to all types of medium-sized networks and high speed to obtain results, compared with other methods that require the use of complex programs and require a long time to implement and obtain results. This is achieved through the use of some simple and uncomplicated equations with almost total dependence on ETAP software. ETAP program is used for analyzing and checking the results obtained, where the operating time and TMS value of all relays in the system are calculated in case the distribution generators are not connected, and to ensure the quality of coordination by Etap software, then the distributive generators are connected, their effects are studied, and the relays are coordinated again by the two previous methods. The conventional method applies to all topologies, but it requires accuracy in transferring information and takes a longer time to obtain results compared to the curve time grading method, which in its work depends entirely on the use of star view from Etap curves characteristics, its results are more accurate and can be obtained in less time. The methods mentioned enabled the engineers and technicians in controlling the electrical system connected to distribution generators by obtaining high accuracy results in a very short time.
Depositional Sequences of the Itararé Group in the Region of Mafra (SC) and their Regional Correlation
Authors: Kraft Ronaldo Paulo , Vesely Fernando Farias , Weinschütz Luiz Carlos
Published: December 2022

The Itararé Group, Permocarboniferous of the Paraná Basin, has its deposition associated with the Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA), which encompassed multiple glacial advance-retreat cycles. Recognizing the nature of the processes that form these rocks is essential to understand the diversity of glacial and non-glacial depositional systems that were active during the LPIA. Previous authors have carried out sedimentological and stratigraphic studies in outcrops of the Itararé Group in the Santa Catarina and Paraná states, however, the integration between these areas and the delimitation of glacial cycles is still little known. Seeking to increase the knowledge on the stratigraphy of the Itararé Group, this work aims to investigate its facies in five shallow boreholes in the Mafra region, northern Santa Catarina state. In this region, 300 meters of cores sampled almost the entire stratigraphic succession of the Itararé Group. We further integrate our results with published data from Alfredo Wagner, Vidal Ramos, Presidente Getúlio, Doutor Pedrinho and São João do Triunfo in order to build a regional stratigraphic framework. A total of 33 sedimentary facies were recognized and organized in five genetic associations, corresponding to subaqueous outwash fans, rain-out and mud settling, thin-bedded turbidites, mass- transport deposits, and thick-bedded turbidites. The regional stratigraphic correlation allowed the recognition of 5 glacial cycles, corresponding to depositional sequences of deglaciation. They show signs of glacial influence that diminish toward the top, where deltaic deposits developed as climatic conditions improved. Diamictites are present in all areas and distributed preferentially in the lower and middle sequences. They consist of mass- transport deposits with origin attributed to gravitational instability due to sediment accumulation in melting and glacial retreat phases.
A Technique for Constrained and Quantized Control of Nonlinear Systems Using Second-Order Cone Programming
Authors: Jansson Olli , Harris Matthew W.
Published: December 2022

This paper presents a novel technique for control of systems with bounded nonlinearity, convex state constraints, and control constraints. The technique is particularly useful for problems whose control constraints may be written as convex sets or the union of convex sets. The problem is reduced to finding bounding solutions associated with linear systems, and it is shown that this can be done with efficient second-order cone program (SOCP) solvers. The nonlinear control may then be interpolated from the bounding solutions. Three engineering problems are solved. These are the Van der Pol oscillator with bounded control and with quantized control, a pendulum driven by a DC motor with bounded voltage control, and a lane change maneuver with bounded rotational control acceleration. For each problem, the resulting second-order cone program solves in approximately 0.1 s or less. It is concluded that the technique provides an efficient means of solving certain control problems with control constraints.
Integration of Dynamic Models and Virtual Reality for the Training of Steam Generator Operators
Authors: Mantelli Luca , Ferrando Marco , Traverso Alberto , Giannini Franca , Lupinetti Katia , Monti Marina , Anastasi Sara , Augugliaro Giuseppe , Monica Luigi
Published: December 2022

The goal of the PITSTOP (Immersive platform for structured operator training) project is to overcome the limits of traditional workplace training on dangerous systems and reduce the related risks, using an innovative integration of engineering simulation models and virtual reality (VR) tools. This article specifically presents the first VR platform for training on small-scale industrial steam generators, representative of a vast class of hazardous industrial equipment. The dynamic model of the steam generator was developed in matlab-simulink using a mixed physics-based and data-driven approach. The generator model includes the main engineering components, actuators and measuring equipment, as well as control logic and emergency procedures. It can simulate normal operations and emergency situations. The model was calibrated using experimental data collected from the real system at various operating conditions to align simulated performance with the real behavior. The VR environment was developed in Unity, a graphics engine widely adopted by the videogame industry, using three-dimensional computer-aided design models of the steam generator and its surroundings. The user can access this immersive system wearing an HTC Vive headset. Unlike most existing training systems, learners can interact with the actuators using bare hands gestures, without controllers, making the experience intuitive and easily accessible. By connecting the dynamic model with the VR environment, the user's interactions are directly provided to the steam generator model, which in turn directly outputs the steam generator response to the VR environment, providing audio and visual feedback to the user, as if they were actually acting on the real generator. The results from this study could boost the further development of training platforms to safely train operators and certify their competence.
Synergy in Syngas Yield From Co-Pyrolysis of Cow and Chicken Manures
Authors: Goud Burra Kiran Raj , Selim Osama M. , Amano Ryoichi S. , Gupta Ashwani K.
Published: December 2022

Manure waste from dairy, livestock, and poultry industries can pose significant challenges in their disposal due to their odor, nitrogen, phosphorous, and heavy metals contents, and pathogens. Existing disposal techniques like anaerobic digestion, although can provide biogas with energy output, is a slow process with significant carbon loss to CO2 and can also result in leaching. High-temperature pyrolysis can convert these wastes into syngas along with biochar which can be used for various applications. Thermochemical conversion needs to be feed-flexible, and operating it with manures from various animal sources such as poultry and dairy sectors can provide sustained operation, intensified process, and improved conversion throughput. So, we examined high-temperature co-pyrolysis of chicken and cow manures to understand the influence of their mixture fractions on the syngas components and char yield. Lab-scale semi-batch co-pyrolysis was carried out for cow and chicken manures at 900 °C with mixture fractions varying from 0 to 100%. Syngas analysis from these tests revealed the presence of synergistic enhancement of its components and in terms of syngas energy yield and carbon conversion, a 2:3 ratio of cow to chicken manure resulted in the most enhancement compared to the expected aggregate of pyrolyzing cow and chicken manures separately. This paper provides a detailed analysis of these syngas components from co-pyrolysis in comparison with separate pyrolysis to explore the advantages of blended feedstock toward an efficient, clean, and feed-flexible pathway for manure waste disposal and utilization.
The Effect of Laser Shock Peening on Back Stress of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel Parts
Authors: Over Veronica , Donovan Justin , Lawrence Yao Y.
Published: December 2022

This work studies the use of laser shock peening (LSP) to improve back stress in additively manufactured (AM) 316L parts. Unusual hardening behavior in AM metal due to tortuous microstructure and strong texture poses additional design challenges. Anisotropic mechanical behavior complicates application for mechanical design because 3D printed parts will behave differently than traditionally manufactured parts under the same loading conditions. The prevalence of back-stress hardening or the Bauschinger effect causes reduced fatigue life under random loading and dissipates beneficial compressive residual stresses that prevent crack propagation. LSP is known to improve fatigue life by inducing compressive residual stress and has been applied with promising results to AM metal parts. It is here demonstrated that LSP may also be used as a tool for mitigating tensile back-stress hardening in AM parts, thereby reducing anisotropic hardening behavior and improving design use. It is also shown that the method of application of LSP to additively manufactured parts is key for achieving effective back-stress reduction. Back stress is extracted from additively manufactured dog bone samples built in both XY and XZ directions using hysteresis tensile. Both LSPed and as-built conditions are tested and compared, showing that LSPed samples exhibit a significant reduction to back stress when the laser processing is applied to the sample along the build direction. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) performed under these conditions elucidates how grain morphologies and texture contribute to the observed improvement. Crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) modeling develops insights as to the mechanisms by which this reduction is achieved in comparison with EBSD results. In particular, the difference in plastic behavior across build orientations of identified crystal planes and grain families are shown to impact the degree of LSP-induced back-stress reduction that is sustained through tensile loading.
Vane–Probe Interactions in Transonic Flows
Authors: Torre Antonino Federico Maria , Patinios Marios , Lopes Gustavo , Simonassi Loris , Lavagnoli Sergio
Published: December 2022

In this article, a numerical investigation of the effect of a miniaturized five-hole probe downstream of a transonic low-pressure turbine vane row is presented. First, a numerical calibration of the probe was performed in uniform flow conditions, as is the case for any traditional calibration, for a wide range of Mach number, yaw angle, and pitch angle conditions. The effect of the probe on the general flow field throughout the turbine vane segments was then evaluated by performing a comparison between a setup with vanes only (no probe) and with vanes and probes. It was found that, as the probe traverses downstream the vane, the probe impact on the vane isentropic Mach number depends on the probe circumferential position. The highest impact was observed when the probe is located at the upper mid-passage (θ = 0.5), consisting of a relatively small reduction of the isentropic Mach number on the vane suction side of just 0.02. To assess the accuracy of the quantities “measured” by the probe, the probe-determined flow field was compared to the flow field of the vanes-only setup. A nonnegligible modification of the probe-determined local distributions of Mach number, yaw angle, and pitch angle is revealed with respect to the undisturbed flow. Further investigation involving stagnation point tracking showed that the artificial high circumferential variation of the yaw angle is not caused by a modification of the vane outlet flow angle, but is induced by nonuniform flow conditions downstream of the vanes. With knowledge of the above, a two-step correction is used to account for the effects of the nonuniformity of the flow, and its impact is evaluated on 2D and 3D flow regions. A significative effect of the correction was found on the probe-determined yaw angle, in which the difference from the vanes-only data was reduced to below 1 deg, except near the endwalls where larger discrepancies remain due to probe–endwall interactions. A shortfall of the correction was instead observed on the probe-determined Mach numbers. Finally, the pitch-wise averaged quantities were evaluated. It was observed that the highest differences between probe-determined and undisturbed data occur where radial gradients of total pressure are stronger and that the two-step correction had almost negligible impact on the pitch-wise averaged quantities.
Aerodynamic Performance and Leakage Flow in Turbine Cascades With Sweeping Jet Actuators
Authors: Chen Shaowen , Li Weihang , Yang Pengcheng , Liu Yueqi
Published: December 2022

In recent years, unsteady flow-control technology has been considered as more promising for reducing secondary flow loss in turbines. Sweeping jet actuators (SJAs), in particular, have steadily been used in turbomachinery to reduce loss due to their wide sweeping range. However, most of the preliminary studies were focused mainly on computational fluid dynamics calculations, with very few on wind tunnel experiments to verify the flow-control effectiveness. To fill this gap, an innovative attempt to investigate experimentally the influences of SJAs on the aerodynamic performance and leakage flow is presented in a high-pressure turbine cascade. Comparing SJAs and hole-type steady jet actuators (HSJAs), the influence on the tip leakage flow and the loss characteristics at various incidences and injection frequencies are discussed in detail. The results indicate that the SJAs effectively reduce the magnitude and extension of the leakage vortex and the passage vortex, and weaken the interactions between them. The loss at the cascade outlet drops by up to 10.3% when the jet flow of an SJA equals 0.2% of the inlet flow, which is significantly better than that with an HSJA (6.3%).
MALAT1 modulates alternative splicing by cooperating with the splicing factors PTBP1 and PSF
Authors: Miao Hui , Wu Fan , Li Yu , Qin Chenyu , Zhao Yongyun , Xie Mingfeng , Dai Hongyuan , Yao Hong , Cai Haoyang , Wang Qianhong , Song Xu , Li Ling
Published: December 2022

Understanding how long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) cooperate with splicing factors (SFs) in alternative splicing (AS) control is fundamental to human biology and disease. We show that metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), a well-documented AS-implicated lncRNA, regulates AS via two SFs, polypyrimidine tract–binding protein 1 (PTBP1) and PTB-associated SF (PSF). MALAT1 stabilizes the interaction between PTBP1 and PSF, thereby forming a functional module that affects a network of AS events. The MALAT1-stabilized PTBP1/PSF interaction occurs in multiple cellular contexts; however, the functional module, relative to MALAT1 only, has more dominant pathological significance in hepatocellular carcinoma. MALAT1 also stabilizes the PSF interaction with several heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoparticle proteins other than PTBP1, hinting a broad role in AS control. We present a model in which MALAT1 cooperates with distinct SFs for AS regulation and pose that, relative to analyses exclusively performed for lncRNAs, a comprehensive consideration of lncRNAs and their binding partners may provide more information about their biological functions.