bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermophysical properties and microstructure of 32CrMoV12-28 hot-work tool steel
Authors: Koniorczyka Piotr , Zielińskia Mateusz , Sienkiewicza Judyta , Zmywaczyka Janusz
Published: June 2024

Measurements of thermal diffusivity, heat capacity and thermal expansion of hot work tool steel 32CrMoV12-28 have been carried out in the temperature range from room temperature (RT) to 1000℃. 32CrMoV12-28 steel has been tested for military applications as steel for gun barrels. The thermophysical properties of this steel can be used as input data for numerical simulations of heat transfer in gun barrels. Both the LFA 427 laser flash apparatus in the RT1000℃ temperature range and the LFA 467 light flash apparatus in the RT500℃ temperature range were used for thermal diffusivity tests. Specific heat capacity was investigated in the range RT1000℃. The specific heat was determined by two methods, i.e. the classical method, the so-called continuous-scanning method and the stepwise-scanning method according to EN ISO 11357-4. The paper compares both methods and assesses their suitability for testing the specific heat capacity of barrel steels. Thermal expansion was investigated in the range RT1000℃. Inconel 600 was selected as the reference material during the thermal diffusivity test using LFA 467. Light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Vickers microhardness measurements were performed to detect changes in the microstructure before and after thermo-physical measurements. We compared the results of measurements of the thermophysical properties of 32CrMoV12-28 steel with the results of our tests for other barrel steels with medium carbon content, i.e. X37CrMoV5-1 (1.2343), 38HMJ (1.8509) and 30HN2MFA. The comparison was made in terms of shifting the effect of material shrinkage towards higher temperatures.
Are there differences in business ethics within SMEs’ most important business sectors in the V4 countries? Empirical research
Authors: Belas Jaroslav , Zvarikova Katarina , Streimikis Justas , Jakubcinova Martina
Published: June 2024

Business ethics represents an important aspect that influences each country’s socio-economic system, and is important to society, environment, and economy. The present article aims to define significant attributes of business ethics in the sector of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and compares their attitudes within the three most significant business sectors in the Visegrad Group countries (V4 countries: Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Poland, and Hungary). An empirical study, focusing on the attitudes of small and medium-sized firms, was conducted in June 2022 in Visegrad Group countries through the reputable hired company MNFORCE, using the Computer Assisted Web Interviewing research method. The total number of respondents in the Visegrad Group countries was 1,398. Statistical hypotheses were tested using descriptive statistics, chi-square, and Z-score at a significance level of α = 5%. The most important conclusion of this research is that there are no significant differences in the approach of SMEs to business ethics based on the sector in which the companies operate. Some notable differences in attitudes among SMEs in Slovakia and the Czech Republic were identified, but these were marginal. Therefore, differences in the transformation process within selected economic sectors do not impact the formation of attitudes of small and medium-sized companies in business ethics. It is evident that business ethics is significantly determined primarily by the personal characteristics of the owner/manager of the company, and the specificities of individual sectors do not influence this field.
A Comparison between EU and South Korean VAT from a Legal Transplants Perspective1
Authors: Kristoffersson Eleonor , Jeong In-Gi
Published: June 2024

South Korea introduced VAT in 1977 and the Sixth VAT Directive was enacted n the same year. In this article, the EU and Korean VAT systems are compared and analysed from a legal transplants perspective. The first research question pertains to whether there was any European influence on the Korean VAT Act at the time of its introduction, and, if so, how this influence was exerted. The second research question concerns the identification and explanation of similarities and differences between the two systems, both at the time of the introduction of Korean VAT and today. This leads to the third research question, whether the two VAT systems have moved towards or away from each other. The analysis has been carried out from a legal transplants’ perspective, which analyses whether, how and why such laws spread across the globe. The article ends with a final analysis and conclusions. Our conclusions are that there was a European influence on the Korean VAT Act by the time of its introduction, that many similarities are so close that they can hardly have occurred spontaneously, and that the two systems have drifted apart from each other.
Sistem Monitoring pada Ruang Perpustakaan berbasis Internet of Things
Authors: William Andre , Wagyana Agus
Published: June 2024

Sistem monitoring ruangan perpustakaan berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) merupakan solusi inovatif yang memanfaatkan teknologi terkini untuk membantu memonitoring suhu, kelembapan, tingkat pencahayaan dan tingkat kebisingan pada ruang perpustakaan. Sistem ini dirancang untuk memberikan informasi yang akurat dan cepat kepada pengelola perpustakaan. Sistem ini bertujuan untuk mempermudah pengelola perpustakaan dalam memantau ruang perpustakaan. Sistem ini dapat diakses melalui aplikasi mobile, memungkinkan pengelola perpustakaan untuk memantau situasi perpustakaan dari jarak jauh. Sistem ini menggunakan sensor yang terhubung dengan internet untuk mengumpulkan data secara real-time tentang kondisi ruangan perpustakaan. Sensor-sensor ini ditempatkan di bagian ruangan baca perpustakaan untuk memantau parameter-parameter tersebut dan mengirimkan data ke database. Perancangan sistem monitoring ini menggunakan perangkat ESP32 sebagai mikrokontroler utama yang mengendalikan setiap sensor dan koneksi internet dan ESP32CAM sebagai kameranya. Pengukuran nilai eror relatif dihitung berdasarkan perbedaan antara nilai dari alat aktual yang ada dengan nilai yang dibaca oleh sensor yang digunakan. Nilai dari alat ukur aktual yang didapatkan akan digunakan untuk kalibrasi dari setiap sensor agar hasil sensor nantinya mendekati nilai dari hasil pengukuran alat ukur. Pengujian tiap sensor dilakukan 10 – 20 kali untuk mendapatkan hasil pengujian yang lebih akurat. Nilai eror relatif suhu sensor DHT22 adalah 1,15% dan kelembapannya 5,12%. Nilai eror relatif pada sensor BH1750 pada saat lampu mati dan menyala masing masing 2,84% dan 2,10%. Nilai eror relatif pada sensor suara MAX 9814 pada jarak 4 meter dan 3 meter masing masing 6,02% dan 6,24%. Saat terjadi kebisingan, alat akan memberikan respon berupa bunyi buzzer dan pengambilan gambar dari ESP32 CAM.
OTOMATISASI PROSES APPLY GREASE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EFISIENSI PEMAKAIAN GREASE LINE SUB ASSY PAD COMP
Authors: Aulia Hani Aulia Lejaringtyas , Fatkhurrozi Bagus , Kurniawan Andriyatna Agung
Published: June 2024

One aspect that needs to be paid attention to in the manufacturing industry in order to produce goods with guaranteed quality is the final process. This process is an assembly process. One of the parts that goes through the assembling process is the caliper. The caliper is an important component in disc brakes which functions to clamp the brake lining (pad comp) to the disc disc area and also to support the brake lining (pad comp) and brake piston. This comp pad will then press the disc disc so that it will create friction to stop the rotation of the disc brake. The comp pad must work optimally to be able to stop the disc brake rotation. In order for the comp pad to work optimally, it requires dampening material in the form of grease with the right quality and quantity. The applied volume of grease on the comp pad must comply with the standards for each type of comp pad. Apart from that, grease should not get on the front of the comp pad (lining) because that will make the product Not Good (NG). Therefore, an automatic grease application tool was created to increase the efficiency of grease use and the grease volume on the comp pad can be stable according to the requirements. with standards and there is no process of applying grease to parts where it is not supposed to. With this tool, the percentage of grease usage efficiency for the inner area is 0.5% and for the outer part it is 2.55%. Apart from that, there is no longer a process of applying grease to parts where it shouldn't be
Abstrak
Salah satu aspek yang perlu diperhatikan pada industri manufaktur agar menghasilkan barang dengan kualitas terjamin adalah pada proses terakhir. Proses tersebut adalah proses perakitan (assembling). Salah satu part yang melalui proses assembling adalah caliper. Caliper adalah komponen penting pada rem cakram yang berfungsi untuk menjepit kampas rem (pad comp) pada daerah piringan cakram dan juga untuk menopang kampas rem (pad comp) dan piston brake. Pad comp ini nantinya akan menekan bagian piringan cakram sehingga akan menimbulkan gesekan untuk menghentikan putaran rem cakram. Pad comp harus bekerja secara optimal supaya mampu menghentikan putaran rem cakram. Agar pad comp dapat bekerja dengan optimal, diperlukan adanya bahan peredam berupa grease dengan kualitas dan kuantitas yang tepat. Volume apply grese pada pad comp harus sesuai dengan standar masing-masing jenis pad comp. Selain itu, grease juga tidak boleh terkena pada bagian depan pad comp (lining) karena itu akan membuat produk menjadi Not Good (NG) Maka dari itu, dibuatlah alat apply grease otomatis untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pemakaian grease dan volume grease pada pad comp bisa stabil sesuai dengan standarnya serta tidak ada proses apply grease ke bagian yang tidak seharusnya. Dengan adanya alat ini, diperoleh persentase efisiensi pemakaian grease untuk inner sebesar 0,5% dan untuk outer sebesar 2,55%. Selain itu, tidak ada lagi proses apply grease ke bagian yang tidak semestinya
Dari Petani Markisa ke Petani Bawang: Kehidupan Sosial Ekonomi Petani di Nagari Air Dingin, Kecamatan Lembah Gumanti, Kabupaten Solok (2005-2022)
Authors: Suwarni Siti , Midawati Midawati
Published: June 2024

This research discusses the socio-economic life of farmers in Nagari Air Dingin, Lembah Gumanti District, Solok Regency (2005-2022). This research uses historical research methods. The stages carried out are heuristics, source criticism, interpretation and historiography. Initially farmers in this area worked as passion fruit farmers. However, passion fruit only lasted for two decades and was replaced by onion crops. The causes are the eruption of Mount Talang, pest attacks on passion fruit stems, the difficulty of passion fruit growing again, land conversion and increasing development of onion cultivation. As a result, many farmers have switched from growing passion fruit to growing onions. The reason farmers choose to switch to onion plants is because onions have the opportunity to provide high yields and the increasing demand for onions. Apart from that, the transition from passion fruit to onions is also supported by geographical conditions that are suitable as an area for cultivating vegetable crops, especially onions.
New perspectives in the management of low-risk thyroid cancer. Experience with thyroid lobectomy in a cohort of 114 patients
Authors:   Hospital Universitario Austral Buenos Aires. Argentina, Saco Pedro A. , Voogd Ana I. , Beguerí Buquet Alejandro M. , Valde Pedro , Russier Gerardo , Matsuda María E. , Seffino Nicolás , Guerra Jorgelina
Published: June 2024

Background: The treatment of low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is still a matter of debate. Over the past few decades, there has been a shift towards a more personalized approach, tailored to the individual risks of each patient and tumor. The current practice guidelines recommend lobectomy in selected patients, with low risk of recurrence. Objective: To describe the results of thyroid lobectomy in a cohort of patients with DTC with low risk of recurrence. Material and methods: We conducted a descriptive and observational study. The medical records of patients with DTC who underwent thyroid lobectomy between January 2015 and April 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: A total of 114 patients were operated on; mean age was 44 ± 12 years and 90 (79%) were women. The median tumor size was 9.4 mm (IQR 25-75% 7-13 mm), and 103 nodules (90%) were solid on ultrasound. Only 2 patients with vascular invasion involving > 4 vessels required completion thyroidectomy. There were no major complications and only one patient developed temporary recurrent laryngeal palsy. There were no locoregional or distant recurrences during mean follow-up of 33.4 months. Conclusion: Thyroid lobectomy for low-risk DTC had low morbidity and no recurrences in the series presented. The rigorous selection of patients and the interaction of a multidisciplinary team are considered essential for the successful implementation of this therapeutic approach.
Editorial on New perspectives in the management of low-risk thyroid cancer. Experience with thyroid lobectomy in a cohort of 114 patients.
Authors:   Unidad de Tiroides del Grupo Oroño, Rosario, Argentina. Instituto Cardiovascular de Rosario., Novelli José L.
Published: June 2024

As the authors of the paper state, the management of low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) remains controversial because of the indolent nature of the disease and the challenge of balancing morbidity of treatments with the risk of disease progression. The extent of thyroid resection is still a matter of debate: total thyroidectomy (TT) versus hemithyroidectomy (HT) (lobectomy plus isthmusectomy) using either a conventional neck incision or, in selected patients, a remoteaccess procedure, in this case the Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach (TOETVA)1 . In the article published in this issue, Sacco et al. report the results of an observational study analyzing retrospective data obtained from the electronic medical records of a cohort of 114 patients with low-risk DTC managed with HT though different surgical approaches (neck incision and remote transoral approach) between January 2015 and April 2023. The number of TH proced
De ce qui est juste à ce qui est juste de dire dans comme de raison
Authors:   Universitatea Alexandru Ioan Cuza de Iași (Rumanía), Anca Petraș Cristina
Published: June 2024

The article proposes an approach to the types of functioning and mechanisms of change intervening in the rise of the discourse marker comme de raison in French, associated with evidentiality. The diachronic analysis provides the opportunity to study the relationship between comme de raison and the meanings of raison, but also the type of structure at the origin of the discourse marker. The status of the construction will be questioned, which is intertwined with the discussion about the mechanism of change (lexicalization, grammaticalization / pragmaticalization, cooptation). The semantic evolution could be described as follows: from « what is normal, right to do, what should be done » to « what is normal, right to say, what should be said », since this could be inferred from a previous sentence or a more general context.
Rosa et Elise, le diptyque de Marcel Sel. Un vibrant plaidoyer contre tous les totalitarismes
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (España), Bénit André
Published: June 2024

"In his diptych Rosa (2017) and Elise (2019), which he intersperses with a number of captivating enigmas that keep the reader on the edge of his seat from one end to the other, all of which are gradually solved, Belgian novelist Marcel Sel paints a masterly fresco of some of the major totalitarianisms that bloodied Europe in the twentieth century: Fascism in Italy, Nazism in Germany and Stalinism in the USSR and its satellite countries. Our study, in which we will highlight the main aspects of this cataclysm, will show that this spectacular novelistic undertaking responds perfectly to the desire for remembrance (as opposed to the compelling duty to remember) that Vincent Engel advocates in his 2020 essay."
Quels termes pour communiquer ? Autour des néologismes officiels dans le domaine de la communication sur FranceTerme
Authors:   Ostravská univerzita (República Checa), Holeš Jan
Published: June 2024

"The article aims to review the processes of enrichment of French terminology in the field of communication, paying attention to the modification of pre-existing resources in the French language (derivation, improper derivation, abbreviation, composition, complex terms), various forms of borrowings, as well as the use of pre-existing resources, i. e. semantic neology (terminologization of words from everyday language, metaphors, and metonymies). The 113 terms contained in the FranceTerme database under the heading Communication were subjected to qualitative and, partially, quantitative analyses. Attention is paid to some other features of the neologisms, such as their variation and synonymy."
Crecer en el lager: los testimonios literarios de la infancia y la adolescencia en el campo de concentración
Authors:   Universitat de València (España), Rodríguez Varela Rita
Published: June 2024

Narrating the experience of deportation in nazi concentration camps is a highly complex task that grapples with issues related to the difficulty of transmission and Trauma Studies. Over the past two decades, there has been an increase in publications of testimonies from children of the Shoah, who have begun to narrate their memories motivated by the need to transmit their legacy to new generations and due to the natural disappearance of witnesses. This study aims to address the main characteristics of this new literary corpus to establish its bases and obtain a clear picture of the childhood experience in the camps.
Problems in Philosophy of Literature
Authors: Pitari Paolo
Published: June 2024

This article discusses methodological inconsistencies affecting philosophy of literature today, especially in its analytical and perspectivist instantiations. In doing so, it raises questions on method that apply to the humanities in general. As a result of the inquiry, an invitation to return to ontology-metaphysics is formulated: too often, isolating specificities from their contexts can lead to arbitrary definitions and incomplete analyses. It might be necessary to adopt a wider outlook—one which seeks the foundations of knowledge and to explain a specific object in relation to its widest possible context—to explain many of the literary objects we want to understand.
Perfil epidemiológico da tuberculose em menores de 15 anos: um retrato dos últimos 10 anos no Brasil
Authors: Macêdo Maria Fernanda Lima de , Silva Amanda Raquel Benigno da , Azevedo Johhanna Maria Anne Araújo Vieira de , Leite Francieldo Bertulino , Araújo Lucas Sued Calaça de , Sá Maria da Conceição Aquino de
Published: June 2024

Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência e identificar o perfil dos pacientes acometidos por tuberculose em menores de 15 anos. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo observacional transversal, descritivo, retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa, por meio do levantamento de dados epidemiológicos e revisão bibliográfica da literatura. As informações foram obtidas no DATASUS, nas subseções do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) e Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM). Resultados: Foram notificados 27.715 casos de tuberculose no Brasil. O sexo mais acometido foi masculino (52,0%), a faixa etaria mais comum é de 10 a 14 anos (39,5%), a raça predominante é a raça parda (49,1%). Conclusão: O perfil predominante foi de crianças entre 10 a 14 anos, da raça parda, no sexo masculino, com o maior número de casos notificados na região Sudeste, no ano de 2022. A região Norte obteve uma maior incidência devido ao elevado número de pacientes na faixa etária estudada. A mortalidade está associada ao padrão de paciente mais acometido.
Corioamnionite clínica: manejo baseado em evidências
Authors: Fernandes Beatriz Aparecida , Lima Ana Eduarda Gomes de , Horikawa Maria Julia , Martins Regina da Silva , Aguiar Andrezza Vasconcelos do Vale
Published: June 2024

Objetivo: Elucidar sobre o manejo clínico da corioamnionite baseado em evidência científica. Revisão bibliográfica: A corioamnionite é uma inflamação aguda das membranas amnióticas e do córion da placenta que cursa com implicações para o binômio mãe-feto a curto e a longo prazo, demonstrando desse modo a necessidade de um diagnóstico assertivo baseado na sintomatologia e pela análise do líquido amniótico, por meio da amniocentese possibilitando desse modo um manejo adequado. Após confirmação do quadro é fundamental a interrupção precoce da gestação independentemente da idade gestacional, sendo a via de parto preferível a vaginal a cesariana. Além da utilização de antibioticoterapia no intraparto, buscando reduzir processos infecciosos e o suporte necessário no que tange prematuridade do recém-nascido. Considerações finais: Considera-se que para haver um manejo adequado da corioamnionite baseado em evidência científica é fundamental que o diagnóstico tenha critérios bem definidos e que seja realizado em tempo oportuno, para que assim as implicações ao feto sejam amenizadas.
Effect of wearing high heel and flat footwear on balance and stability dynamics: A kinetic study
Authors: Das Kumar Sugata , Sandhu Kamalpreet , Pal Madhusudan
Published: June 2024

Objectives:

Maintaining balance and stability is essential for performing everyday activities and complex tasks that require coordination between muscles, tendons, bones, eyes, ears and the brain. However, slip, trip or fall incidents may occur if balance is compromised. Footwear (FW) design features have been identified as factors that affect balance. To investigate the impact of high-heeled and flat FW on balance stability during stationary standing, this study was conducted.

Materials and Methods:

Seven (n = 7) physically fit female subjects volunteered for the study. A repeated method was used to conduct this study. A high heel and flat FW were investigated for detailed kinetic parameters during standing. Participants stood on a force platform for 40 seconds in each condition. Bioware software was used to collect and process the data. Student’s t-test was applied to determine the significant effects (P < 0.05) of the selected FW on dependent variables.

Results:

Ground reaction force (GRF) (Fx, P = 0.001), (Fy, P = 0.002), (Fz, P = 0.000), Centre of Pressure (CoP) Trajectories (Ax, P = 0.02), (Ay, P = 0.011), displacement (sx, P = 0.002), (sy, P = 0.001) and (sz, P = 0.002) and Absolute Coefficient of Friction (Cofxy) (P = 0.0012) values of high heel FW reflect poor balance and stability patterns compared to flat FW.

Conclusion:

Recent studies have shown that wearing high-heeled FW for extended periods can be detrimental to one’s health. This is due to the significantly elevated GRF, a more dispersed body sway area in terms of Centre of Pressure (CoP) movement, a curved displacement path and a lower coefficient of friction value. As a result, there is an increase in postural load and effort, which can lead to an increased risk of injury.
Calculation of IOL in combined surgery: cataract phacoemulsification and vitrectomy. Own experience
Authors:   LLC Tri-Z, branch in Moscow, Perevozchikov P.A. , Peregudov D.V. ,   LLC Tri-Z, branch in Moscow, Solovey A.V. ,   LLC Tri-Z, branch in Moscow
Published: June 2024

At the present stage of development of ophthalmic surgical technique, indications for simultaneous cataract phacoemulsification and pars plana vitrectomy are constantly expanding, however, there is a problem of predicting refractive results, which is due to the difficulty of determining the effective position of the intraocular lens (IOL) in the eye without the presence of a vitreous body. Purpose. Assessment of the accuracy of the preoperative calculation of IOL in the eyes during combined surgery — cataract phacoemulsification and vitrectomy on the state of postoperative refraction. Material and methods. Combined surgery of cataract phacoemulsification and vitrectomy of pars plana with a caliber of 25 Gage was performed in 51 people (51 eyes) aged 70.4 ± 8.4 years. The calculation of IOL before surgery was carried out according to the data of a preoperative examination on an optical biometer IOL-Master-700 (Carl Zeiss, Germany), keratopography was performed on a rotary Scheimpflug camera (Oculus, Germany). The data on SRK-T with a range of more than 22.5 mm and Hoffer-Q with a range of less than 22.5 mm were used as a basis. Results. There were no complications during the operations and in the postoperative period. Preoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 0.21 ± 0.2 (0.05 to 0.8) and the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.44 ± 0.22 (from 0.1 to 0.9). The correction is from –9.0 D to +7.75 D (–0.61 ± 2.71 D). 6 months after the operation, the UCVA was 0.67 ± 0.22 (from 0.05 to 1.0), the BCVA was 0.9 ± 0.2 (from 0.3 to 1.0), respectively, while the correction was from –1.25 D to +1.0 D (–0.17 ± 0.94 D). The deviation from the expected refraction of the target at 1 week after surgery was ± 0.5 D, at 6 months after surgery ± 0.4 D, which turned out to be statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). Conclusions. 1. Combined surgery phacoemulsification and vitrectomy in combination of cataracts with pathology of the vitreomacular interface, significantly increases visual acuity after surgery (by 0.43 ± 0.03, p < 0.001). 2. Changes in clinical refraction during implantation of IOL based on hydrophobic acrylic in combined surgery are not statistically significant (an average shift of ± 0,4–0,5 D, p > 0.05), which allows us to apply generally accepted formulas for calculating the effective position of IOL without using correction factors. Keywords: IOL calculation, cataract phacoemulsification, vitrectomy
The effectiveness of sectoral local retinectomy in the treatment of «glial-vascular syndrome»
Authors:   LLC SOC Ophthalmological clinic FACT city of Pyatigorsk, Podgorniy A.I.
Published: June 2024

The results of the surgical treatment of 15 patients with glial-vascular syndrome using sectoral retinectomy were analyzed. The results of the operation were later assessed within 1 to 7 years. The anatomical and functional outcomes obtained indicate the efficiency of the retinectomy, and the clinical complexity of this disease requires further work. Keywords: retinectomy, glial-vascular syndrome
Unilateral occlusive retinal vasculitis as the first symptom of the Susak syndrome manifestation. A clinical case
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Doga A.V. , Volodin P.L. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Pedanova E.K. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Poroshina M.A. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Tarhanova A.A. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow
Published: June 2024

A clinical case of unilateral occlusive retinal vasculitis, complicated by macular edema, was described as the first symptom of “possible” Susak syndrome. The presumptive diagnosis was based on the ophthalmological examination and the patient’s complaints. To confirm the diagnosis additional examinations and consultation of other specialists are necessary. Keywords: Susak syndrome, occlusive vasculitis, autoimmune vasculopathy, retinal occlusions
Neurophthalmological studies in the early diagnosis of dyscirculative encephalopathy of the brain
Authors:   Central Hospital of Samarkand Municipal Medical Association, Zainiddinova G.U.
Published: June 2024

The article discusses the features of the development and course of optic neuropathies in patients with cerebral dyscirculatory encephalopathy, and also, the article touches upon such aspects as the dependence of the incidence of optic neuropathies on the etiology of encephalopathy, the age of the patient, the nature of visual impairment. Keywords: optic neuropathy, cerebral dyscirculatory encephalopathy, ophthalmology
Clinical cases of early ophthalmological diagnosis of septo-optic dysplasia
Authors:   GBU RO Hospital for war veterans, Karelyan V.I. , Timolyanova E.К. ,   GBU Perinatal Center RO
Published: June 2024

Identification of a genetic variant of a hereditary disease of the visual organ is necessary not only to determine the features of clinical manifestations and course of the disease, but also to carry out preventive measures to prevent the birth of a sick child. Therefore, the identification of ophthalmopathology requires a mandatory assessment of the condition of the patient's body as a whole. The article presents two clinical cases of ophthalmological diagnosis of septo-optic dysplasia. It is a clinically heterogeneous condition representing a combination of hypoplasia of the optic nerves, pituitary hypoplasia and abnormal formation of structures along the midline of the brain. The diagnosis is established in the presence of two or more signs of the classical triad. Hypoplasia of the optic nerves leads to decreased vision, amblyopia. Violation of the hypothalamic-pituitary system requires hormone replacement therapy. The prognosis of mental development depends on central nervous system abnormalities, if any, mental retardation occurs. The first clinical case: a boy R., 11 months old, was directed by a neurologist due to the presence of a pendulum-like nystagmus, hypoplasia of the optic nerves of both eyes, uneven caliber and convoluted course of retinal vessels were also revealed upon examination. The lag in physical and neuropsychic development drew attention to itself. To clarify the diagnosis, the child was recommended to perform an MRI of the head, which revealed aplasia of the septum pellucidum. Septo-optic dysplasia was diagnosed on the basis of the revealed disorders. The second patient, a girl, 2 days old, was referred to an ophthalmologist by a neurologist, the absence of a septum pellucidum was revealed on the neurosonogram, hypoplasia of the optic nerves and tortuosity of the retinal vessels were found on examination of the fundus. Septo-optic dysplasia was diagnosed. Thanks to the early detection of this severe hereditary pathology, timely maintenance and replacement therapy by a neurologist and endocrinologist, and observation by a geneticist, it is possible not only to prevent complications of the disease itself, but also to prevent the re-birth of a sick child in the family. Keyword: septo-optic dysplasia; hypoplasia of the optic nerves; aplasia of the septum pellucidum
Contrast sensitivity and contrast as criteria for loss of vision quality in retinal diseases
Authors:   Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko Voronez, Kovalevskaya M.A. , Evdokimova O.A. ,   Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko Voronez,   Federal Medical Biophysical Center of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (FMBA), Moscow, Russia, Sorokin V.V. ,   Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko Voronez, Kartamyshev E.G. ,   Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko Voronez, Podoprigora A.V. ,   Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko Voronez
Published: June 2024

Contrast sensitivity (CS) better correlates with subjective visual impairment and visionrelated quality of life compared with visual acuity (VA). Scleral lenses (SL) are a promising approach in the rehabilitation of patients with AMD, as they have a number of functional and cosmetic advantages. Despite the available types of SL, the search for possible modifications to improve the quality of life of patients with AMD continues. Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of contact correction using color filters to improve contrast sensitivity in patients with AMD. Material and methods. In the first group of patients with AMD, 64 % (218 patients, 267 eyes) were diagnosed with the dry form, 36 % (123 patients, 174 eyes) were diagnosed with neovascular AMD (nAMD), of which 87 patients (94 eyes) received anti-VEGF therapy or completed it and are under monthly monitoring without signs of MNV activity. The SpethRichman (SPARCS) and Pelly-Robson tests were performed with and without soft contact lenses ACUVUE OASYS with Transitions. Results. In group nAMD a statistically significant increase was revealed from 13.48 ± 1.56 % to 15.2 ± 2 % according to the SPAPCS test (p = 0.03) and the overall CN from 1.58 ± 0.16 to 1.75 ± 0.08 logarithmic units according to the Pelly-Robson test (p = 0.005). In the subgroup of dry AMD, there was no significant increase in CS when using contact lenses. Conclusion. Contact correction using color filters in patients with nAMD without signs of MNV activity can improve the CS in the central zone, but due to the instability of the soft lenses color filter, the study of other correction methods using color filters, such as SL. Keywords: age-related macular degeneration, contrast sensitivity, contact correction, scleral lenses
Diagnosis of chronic postoperative endophthalmitis (clinical case)
Authors:   Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Yusef Y.N. , Petrachkov D.V. ,   Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Korobov E.N. ,   Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Novikov I.A. ,   Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases
Published: June 2024

Purpose. To demonstrate the possibility of using electron microscopy in the diagnosis of chronic postoperative endophthalmitis of fungal etiology using a clinical example. Material and methods. A clinical case of chronic postoperative endophthalmitis of fungal etiology is presented in the diagnosis of which light electron microscopy (SEM) was crucial. Results and discussion. The correct diagnosis of fungal chronic endophthalmitis was achieved based on the results of SEM, after which etiotropic treatment was prescribed with a positive clinical result. Conclusion. SEM can act as an additional method for diagnosing chronic postoperative endophthalmitis. Keywords: vitrectomy, endophthalmitis, intravitreal injection of antibiotics, electron microscopy, bacteriological examination
Effect of prophylactic carbonic anhydrase inhibitor on increased intraocular pressure after intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drug
Authors:   Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation, Andreeva Y.S. , Shelankova A.V. ,   Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

Purpose. To evaluate the effect of a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (brinzolamide 1%) on the short-term increase of intraocular pressure (IOP) after intravitreal injections (IVI) of an anti-VEGF drug in patients with neovascular AMD (nAMD). Material and methods. This study included 60 patients with newly diagnosed nAMD. In group 1 (30 people), prophylactic drugs were not used; in group 2 (30 people), brinzolamide 1% was instilled twice the day before the injection (at 8 pm) and on the day of injection 2 hours before the procedure (at 8 am). IOP was measured with an ICare Pro before IVI (T0), 1 minute after IVI (T₁), 30 minutes (T₂), 60 minutes (T₃). Results. Dynamic changes of IOP in all groups occurred with the same pattern: IOP increased immediately after IVI of the anti-VEGF drug, after 30 minutes IOP decreased and returned to the initial IOP level over the next 60 minutes. Brinzolamide 1% led to a statistically significant decrease in IOP immediately after injection during the first IVI by an average of 3.84 ± 5.1 [95 % CI 1.58–6.1] mm Hg. compared with the control group (p < 0.001), during the second IVI by 5.26 ± 5.7 [95 % CI 2.86–7.66] mm Hg (p < 0.001), by 5.49 ± 5.8 [95 % CI 3.1–7.88] mm Hg (p < 0.001) during the third IVI. Conclusions. Prophylactic instillation of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (brinzolamide 1%) twice led to a statistically significant decrease in ocular hypertension immediately after IVI of anti-VEGF drug compared to the control group over three loading injections. Keywords: anti-VEGF drug, intraocular pressure, carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Comparative evaluation of loading injections of anti-VEGF drugs for vascular detachments of the retinal pigment epithelium
Authors:   Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation, Afanasyeva M.A. , Plyukhova A.A. ,   Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation, Sorokin P.A. ,   Kлиника микрохирургии глаза ОКДЦ ПАО «Газпром», Москва, Российская Федерация
Published: June 2024

Purpose. To compare of the effectiveness of anti-VEGF therapy in patients with exudative form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Material and methods. This study included 30 patients (30 eyes) with the exudative form of AMD. Standard ophthalmological examination methods and additional methods were carried out: optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography using the Spectralis HRA+OCT device “Heidelberg Engineering” (Germany) in standard mode. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the anti-VEGF drug: group I (15 eyes) — patients receiving aflibercept (Eylea, Bayer, Germany); group II (15 eyes) — patients who received faricimab (Vabismo, F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd, Switzerland). All patients received loading intravitreal injections (IVI) of anti-VEGF drugs: 3 IVI of aflibercept or 4 IVI of faricimab. Data were assessed before the start of treatment, 1 month after the start of treatment and after loading injections. Results. In groups I and II, after the first intravitreal injection, there was a decrease in the height of the retinal pigment epithelium detachment and the central thickness of the retina, and an increase in visual acuity. In both groups, after loading injections, compared with the beginning of the study, the height of the retinal pigment epithelium detachment decreases and the thickness of the central zone of the retina decreases, and visual functions stabilize. Conclusions. Antiangiogenic therapy is an effective treatment for neovascular AMD. Despite the fact that intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF drugs stabilize visual acuity and improve morphological parameters, longer observation periods are required to further evaluate the effectiveness of anti-VEGF therapy. Keywords: retinal pigment epithelium detachment, age-related macular degeneration, antiVEGF therapy
A clinical case of cataract phacoemulsification after thermokeratoplasty in the anamnesis
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Foundation to promote the development of advanced medical technology, Moscow, Stalnaya A.S. , Mironov A.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Foundation to promote the development of advanced medical technology, Moscow, Kutin I.M. ,   The S. Fyodorov Foundation to promote the development of advanced medical technology, Moscow, Magaryan T.O. ,   The S. Fyodorov Foundation to promote the development of advanced medical technology, Moscow
Published: June 2024

Purpose. To present a clinical case of cataract phacoemulsification in a patient with a thermokeratoplasty in anamnesis. Material and methods. Patient M., went to the clinic with complaints of decreased vision, “fog” in front of both eyes, especially in front of the right one. In the anamnesis 30 years ago, she had thermokeratoplasty for high degree hypermetropia (+8.00D) in both eyes. Due to the existing complaints and the presence of cataracts in both eyes, cataract phacoemulsification was performed with the implantation of toric IOLs in both eyes. Results. When evaluating the results in the longterm postoperative period (1 year after surgery), it was revealed that despite the difficulties that the surgeon faces when calculating intraocular lenses in patients after keratorefractive operations, we managed to achieve high visual acuity. Conclusions. The presented clinical case indicates that the measurement of the refractive power of the cornea using a modern scanning keratotopograph, the axial length of the eye using a noncontact biometer, the use of modern formulas for calculating the IOL, as well as the experience of an ophthalmic surgeon, allow achieving high functional results in the rehabilitation of patients with this pathology. Keywords: thermokeratoplasty, phacoemulsification of cataract, toric intraocular lens
Standardized model of gunshot penetrating injury of the eye without an intraocular foreign body (open globe injury type B)
Authors:   S.M. Kirov Military medical academy The Department of ophthalmology, St. Petersburg, Kolbin A.A. , Kulikov A.N. ,   S.M. Kirov Military medical academy The Department of ophthalmology, St. Petersburg
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the work was to creation of a standardized model of a gunshot penetrating wound of the eye without an intraocular foreign body. The wound was inflicted by a specially made projectile. The shot was fired from an air rifle with modulated pumping of a compression pump. A set of shells (specially made and standard) was used, and they were weighed with laboratory analytical scales. The velocity of the projectiles was recorded with a ballistic chronograph. The parameters of the shot were previously worked out on a bar of ballistic plasticine, then on 11 heads of cadaver rabbits (22 eyes). 4 series of experiments were performed. We studied the flight speed of projectiles, the nature of their flight and the meeting with the target (plasticine, cadaver eyes). The nature of the eye injury (type of injury) was analyzed depending on the energy (based on speed and mass) and aerodynamic characteristics of the projectile. According to preliminary results, a decision was made to modernize the standard projectile. A projectile has been upgraded to meet external ballistic characteristics to create a standardized model of a gunshot penetrating wound to the eye without an intraocular foreign body. The specified wound parameters were as follows: the distance from the muzzle of the air rifle to the target was 30 cm. Shots were fired into the sclera projection area 2–3 mm from the limb. The parameters of the shot were as follows: the mass of the upgraded projectile was 0.54‒0.55 g, two pumps of the rifle's air pump. The parameters used provided a speed range of 40–46 m/s. In an experiment on laboratory animals, pathogenetic factors characteristic of a gunshot injury to the eye were reproduced. This made it possible in 100 % of cases to reproduce an injury simila to a gunshot penetrating injury to the eye without an intraocular foreign body (an open eye injury of type B). Keywords: pneumatic installation, standardized experimental model, gunshot open globe injury
First results of micropulse cyclophotocoagulation in patients with secondary glaucoma after vitreoretinal surgery using silicone oil
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Krasnodar branch, Krasnodar, Martsinkevich A.O. , Usov A.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Krasnodar branch, Krasnodar, Velilyaev A.M. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Krasnodar branch, Krasnodar
Published: June 2024

Quite often, the use of silicone oil (SO) in routine vitrectomy can lead to increased IOP. Silicone-induced glaucoma is classified as refractory. It is difficult to treat with hypotensive drops or surgical treatment. The introduction of MicroPulse cyclophotocoagulation (MP-CPC) significantly contributed to reducing the number of side effects of laser operations by reducing the operating cycle to 31.3 %. Purpose. To analyze the first results of MP-CPC for secondary glaucoma that developed after vitrectomy using SO. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of data from 22 patients was performed: 13 eyes were avitreal and 9 eyes had SO. IOP monitoring was carried out on first day, after 2 weeks, 1, 3 and 6 months. Results. On the first day after MP-CPC, a significant decrease in IOP was noted by 28 % compared to the baseline and averaged 19.2 ± 4.2 mmHg (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups of patients with avitria and with SO. Over the next 3 months, the average IOP level after MP-CPC remained within the range of 19–21 mmHg. By the 6th month of observation, there was a tendency to increase IOP, which required to repeat MP-CPC. Conclusion. MP-CPC for secondary silicone-induced glaucoma that developed after vitrectomy has shown high efficiency and safety in patients with both avitria and the presence of silicone. Considering the compensation of IOP, which persists for up to 6 months after MP-CPC, it is possible to perform a repeat laser procedure without changing the hypotensive therapy regimen. Keywords: micropulse cyclophotocoagulation; secondary glaucoma; silicon oil
Prognostic factors for macular hole closure during surgical treatment of retinal detachment complicated by macular hole without membrane peeling
Authors:   N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Vaganova E.E. , Fayzrakhmanov R.R. ,   N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Larina E.A. ,   N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow
Published: June 2024

The desire to preserve the internal limiting membrane poses the challenge for researchers to develop personalized treatment tactics for retinal detachment with macular hole, depending on prognostic factors. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the influence of prognostic factors of anatomical success in patients after surgical treatment of retinal detachment with macular hole without membrane peeling. Material and methods. We studied the data of 20 patients (20 eyes) diagnosed with retinal detachment with macular hole stage C proliferative vitreoretinopathy. All patients were assessed for macular hole indices. Vitrectomy and endotamponade with silicone oil were performed. During the second operation, silicone was removed, the rupture was repaired with an inverted flap, and endotamponade was performed with a C2F6 gas-air mixture. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (16 people / 16 eyes) — patients whose macular hole closed on its own; Group 2 (4 people / 4 eyes) — patients who underwent membrane peeling and repair of the gap with an inverted flap to close the hole at the second stage of treatment. Results. A significant difference between the groups was revealed when analyzing the macular hole index: among patients in whom the hole closed on its own, the indicator was 0.79 ± 0.07 and was higher than in patients who required plastic surgery at 1.65; traction index, in patients with a closed gap the indicator was 1.08 ± 0.13 and was 2.08 times higher. Conclusions. The study noted cases of convergence of the edges and complete closure of the macular hole without peeling of the internal limiting membrane during tamponade of the vitreal cavity with silicone oil. Indicators of the macular hole index and traction index of the hole can be used in determining personalized treatment tactics for patients with retinal detachment complicated by a macular hole. Keywords: rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, macular hole, membrane peeling, silicone tamponade, macular hole index