bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal dietary copper requirements and relative bioavailability for weanling pigs fed either copper proteinate or tribasic copper chloride
Authors: Lin Gang , Guo Yang , Liu Bing , Wang Ruiguo , Su Xiaoou , Yu Dongyou , He Pingli
Published: May 2020

Background

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of supplementing Cu on growth performance, Cu metabolism and Cu-related enzyme activities of weanling pigs fed diets with two different Cu sources, and to estimate optimal Cu requirements and relative bioavailability from these two sources for pigs.

Methods

Weanling pigs were allocated to 14 treatments arranged factorially, including 6 added Cu levels (5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 mg/kg), and 2 mineral sources (tribasic Cu chloride, TBCC and copper proteinate, CuPro), as well as one negative control (0 mg/kg added Cu level) and one maximum allowed level treatment (200 mg/kg TBCC) for the entire 38-d experiment. Growth performance, mineral status and enzyme activities were measured at the end of this study.

Results

Increasing levels of Cu showed linear and quadratic responses (P < 0.01) for final BW, ADG and FCR regardless of the sources. Supplementation with TBCC (> 80 mg/kg) and CuPro (> 20 mg/kg) significantly decreased (P < 0.05) diarrhea incidence of weanling pigs. There were linear and quadratic increases (P < 0.01) in bile, hepatic, and intestinal Cu concentrations, fecal Cu contents, and plasma enzyme activities (alkaline phosphatase, ceruloplasmin, Cu, Zn-Superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), and glutathione peroxidase), whereas plasma malondialdehyde decreased (P < 0.01) linearly and quadratically as dietary Cu level increased. Similarly, pigs fed CuPro absorbed and retained more Cu and excreted less Cu than those fed TBCC when supplemented 80 mg/kg and above. Optimal dietary Cu requirements for pigs from 28 to 66 d of age estimated based on fitted broken-line models (P < 0.05) of bile Cu, plasma Cu/Zn SOD and growth performance were 93–140 mg/kg from TBCC, and 63–98 mg/kg from CuPro accordingly. According to slope ratios from multiple linear regression, the bioavailability value of CuPro relative to TBCC (100%) was 156–263% (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

The findings indicated that Cu recommendation from current NRC (5–6 mg/kg) was not sufficient to meet the high requirement of weanling pigs. Cu from CuPro was significantly more bioavailable to weanling pigs than TBCC in stimulating growth and enzyme activities, decreasing diarrhea frequency and fecal Cu contents to the environment.
More endemic birds occur in regions with stable climate, more plant species and high altitudinal range in China
Authors: Feng Gang , Huang Xiongwei , Mao Lingfeng , Wang Na , Yang Xueting , Wang Yanping
Published: May 2020

Background

Geographical distribution of endemic species and its multiple scale drivers are an important topic in biodiversity conservation, because these species are especially vulnerable to climate change and habitat degradation, and therefore have high conservation priority. Here, for the first time, we simultaneously linked glacial-interglacial climate change, contemporary climate, plant species richness and altitudinal range with endemic bird distribution in China.

Methods

Ordinary least squares models and simultaneous autoregressive models were used to assess the associations between endemic bird richness, endemic bird ratio and each explanatory variable. Structural Equation Models were also performed to test the direct and indirect effects of these variables on endemic bird richness and endemic bird ratio.

Results

Higher endemic bird richness and endemic bird ratio occurred in regions with stable glacial-interglacial temperature, i.e., southwest China. Plant species richness and altitudinal range were also positively correlated with endemic bird richness and endemic bird ratio. Glacial-interglacial temperature change, contemporary precipitation, plant species richness and altitudinal range were all included in the best combination of variables for endemic bird richness. Importantly, glacial-interglacial temperature change had strong direct effects on both endemic bird richness and endemic bird ratio, while plant species richness only had a direct effect on endemic bird richness.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that endemic birds in China concentrate in southwest regions where there are stable glacial-interglacial temperature, more plant species and larger altitudinal range. Notably, while stable climate has strong direct effects on both endemic bird richness and endemic bird ratio, plant species may affect endemic bird richness through its effect on overall bird species richness. Importantly, the recent anthropogenic activities have also significantly intensified in this region, which would pose huge challenge for biodiversity conservation in China.
Monitoring activity of hip injury patients (MoHIP): a sub-study of the World Hip Trauma Evaluation observational cohort study
Authors: Armitage Laura C. , Chi Yuan , Santos Mauro , Lawson Beth K. , Areia Carlos , Velardo Carmelo , Watkinson Peter J. , Tarassenko Lionel , Costa Matthew L. , Farmer Andrew J.
Published: May 2020

Background

Hip fracture is common, affecting 20% of women and 10% of men during their lifetime. The trajectory of patients’ recovery as they transition from the acute hospital setting to their usual residence is poorly understood. Recently, the use of activity trackers to monitor physical activity during recovery has been investigated as a way to explore this trajectory.

Methods

This prospective observational cohort study followed patients from hospital to home as they recovered from a hip fracture. Participants were recruited from a single centre and provided with a 3-axis logging accelerometer worn as a pendant, for 16 weeks from recruitment. Participants received monthly follow-up visits which included questions about wearing the monitor. Monthly activity monitor data were also downloaded. Participant activity was estimated from the monitor data using the calibrated “Euclidean Norm Minus One” (ENMO) metric. Polynomial mixed-effects modelling was used to evaluate the difference between the weekly activity trends of 2 groups of participants: those with and without independent mobility at 16 weeks (defined by whether aids or personal assistance were required to mobilise).

Results

Twenty-nine participants from 125 eligible patients were recruited. Of these, 19 (66%) reported being aware of wearing the monitor at least some of the time. Fourteen (48%) participants withdrew before study completion. Data for thirteen (45%) participants were of sufficient quantity to be included in the activity modelling procedure. Of these, 8 reported independent mobility at 16 weeks post-surgery, and 5 did not. By week 7, the weekly predicted mean ENMO ($$ {\overline{ENMO}}_W $$ENMO¯W) values were significantly different between the two participant groups, demonstrating feasibility of the model’s ability to predict which patients will report independent mobility at 16 weeks.

Conclusions

This is the first study to our knowledge to investigate acceptability and feasibility of a pendant-worn activity monitor in this patient cohort. Acceptability of wearing the monitor and feasibility of recruitment and retention of participants were limited. Future research into the use of activity monitors in this population should use minimally intrusive devices which are acceptable to this population.

Study registration

MoHIP is a sub-study of the World Hip Trauma Evaluation (WHiTE) Study (ISRCTN 63982700).
Pre-filter that incorporates the noise model
Authors: Zeng Gengsheng L.
Published: May 2020

A linear denoising filter is usually of lowpass type, and the main parameter in a lowpass filter is the cutoff frequency. The lowpass filters are normally shift invariant and can be implemented as convolution in the spatial domain or as multiplication in the Fourier domain. This paper presents a linear filter that is not characterized by its cutoff frequency but is characterized by the noise model. An example of such a linear filter is presented for low-dose X-ray computed tomography (CT).
An ecosystems approach to mental health services research
Authors: Furst Mary Anne , Bagheri Nasser , Salvador-Carulla Luis
Published: May 2020

Mental health ecosystems research is an emerging discipline which takes a whole-systems approach to mental healthcare, facilitating analysis of the complex environment and context of mental health systems, and translation of this knowledge into policy and practice. Evidence from the local context is needed in the analysis of complex interventions and of geographic variations in the outcomes of care. Technical tools and support have been developed to gather and interpret evidence from the local context and translate it in a meaningful and relevant manner for planners and policy makers to guide their decision-making.
Screening for Androgen Excess in Women: Accuracy of Self-Reported Excess Body Hair Growth and Menstrual Dysfunction
Authors: Chan Jessica L , Pall Marita , Ezeh Uche , Mathur Ruchi , Pisarska Margareta D , Azziz Ricardo
Published: May 2020

Context

Epidemiologic studies of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are limited, especially in populations where diagnostic resources are less available. In these settings, an accurate, low-cost screening tool would be invaluable.

Objective

To test the use of a simple questionnaire to identify women at increased risk for PCOS and androgen excess (AE) disorders.

Study Design

Prospective cohort study from 2006–2010.

Setting

Community-based.

Participants

Women aged 14 to 45 years.

Intervention

A screening telephone questionnaire consisting of 3 questions was tested, where participants were asked to self-assess the presence/absence of male-like hair and menstrual irregularity. Participants were then invited to undergo a direct examination, including completing a medical history and undergoing a modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mFG) hirsutism score, ovarian ultrasound, and measurement of circulating total and free testosterone, DHEAS, TSH, prolactin and 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels.

Main Outcome Measure

Accuracy of questionnaire in predicting PCOS, AE, and irregular menses.

Results

Participants with self-assessed irregular menses and/or excess hair were labeled “Possible Androgen Excess (Poss-AE)” and those self-assessed with regular menses and no excess hair were labeled “Probable Non-Androgen Excess (Non-AE).” The study was completed in 206/298 (69%) of the Poss-AE and in 139/192 (73%) of the Non-AE. Of Poss-AE and Non-AE subjects, 82.5% and 15.8%, respextively, presented with PCOS. The calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the 3-question telephone survey to predict PCOS was 89%, 78%, 85%, and 83%, respectively.

Conclusions

A simple telephone questionnaire, based on self-assessment of body hair and menstrual status, can be used with a high predictive value to identify women at risk for AE disorders, including PCOS, and to detect healthy controls. This approach could be an important tool for needed epidemiologic studies.
F-actin flashes on phagosomes mechanically deform contents for efficient digestion in macrophages
Authors: Poirier Mathieu B. , Fiorino Cara , Rajasekar Thiviya K. , Harrison Rene E.
Published: May 2020

The mechanism and role of transient F-actin recruitment, or F-actin ‘flashes’, on phagosomes remains enigmatic. Here we provide a comprehensive characterization of F-actin flashing dynamics on phagosomes, including receptor and signaling involvement. F-actin flashes predominate during the integrin-driven complement receptor (CR)-mediated phagocytosis. F-actin flashes begin shortly after internalization and persist on phagosomes for approximately 3 minutes before disassembling and reassembling several times within the first hour. Strikingly, the appearance of F-actin flashes on phagosomes coincides with morphological deformation, lysis and occasional fission of internalized red blood cells. The cadence of flashes depends on particle stiffness, and the F-actin networks on phagosomes are enriched in mechanosensitive components including focal adhesion proteins, RhoA and actomyosin. Inhibiting Arp2/3 and myosin IIA activity significantly reduces the frequency at which phagosome cargo becomes deformed during transient F-actin accumulation. At later time points, post-F-actin flashing, enhanced degradation of phagosome contents is observed, compared with non-flashing phagosomes. Taken together, these data suggest that actomyosin-driven phagosome contractions serve to disrupt malleable particles physically, a process akin to mastication, to enhance later enzymatic digestion.
Epb41l5 interacts with Iqcb1 and regulates ciliary function in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Yu Tiffany , Matsuda Miho
Published: May 2020

Erythrocyte protein band 4.1 like 5 (EPB41L5) is an adaptor protein beneath the plasma membrane that functions to control epithelial morphogenesis. Here we report a previously uncharacterized role of EPB41L5 in controlling ciliary function. We found that EPB41L5 forms a complex with IQCB1 (previously known as NPHP5), a ciliopathy protein. Overexpression of EPB41L5 reduced IQCB1 localization at the ciliary base in cultured mammalian epithelial cells. Conversely, epb41l5 knockdown increased IQCB1 localization at the ciliary base. epb41l5-deficient zebrafish embryos or embryos expressing C-terminally modified forms of Epb41l5 developed cilia with reduced motility and exhibited left–right patterning defects, an outcome of abnormal ciliary function. We observed genetic synergy between epb41l5 and iqcb1. Moreover, EPB41L5 decreased IQCB1 interaction with CEP290, another ciliopathy protein and a component of the ciliary base and centrosome. Together, these observations suggest that EPB41L5 regulates the composition of the ciliary base and centrosome through IQCB1 and CEP290.
RGS4 controls Gαi3-mediated regulation of Bcl-2 phosphorylation on TGN38-containing intracellular membranes
Authors: Bastin Guillaume , Dissanayake Kaveesh , Langburt Dylan , Tam Alex L. C. , Lee Shin-Haw , Lachhar Karanjit , Heximer Scott P.
Published: May 2020

Intracellular pools of the heterotrimeric G-protein alpha-subunit, Gαi3, has been shown to promote growth factor signaling, while at the same time inhibiting the activation of JNK and autophagic signaling following nutrient starvation. The precise molecular mechanisms linking Gαi3 to both stress and growth factor signaling remain poorly understood. Importantly, JNK-mediated phosphorylation of Bcl-2 was shown to activate autophagic signaling following nutrient deprivation. Our data shows that activated Gαi3 decreases Bcl-2 phosphorylation, whereas biochemical inhibitors of Gαi3, such as RGS4 and AGS3, markedly increase the levels of phosphorylated Bcl-2. Manipulation of the palmitoylation status and intracellular localization of RGS4 suggests that Gαi3 modulates phosphorylated Bcl-2 levels and autophagic signaling from discreet TGN38-labelled vesicle pools. Consistent with an important role for these molecules in normal tissue responses to nutrient-deprivation, increased Gαi signaling within nutrient-starved adrenal glands from RGS4-KO mice resulted in a dramatic abrogation of autophagic flux, compared to wild type tissues. Together, these data suggest that the activity of Gαi3 and RGS4 from discreet TGN38-labelled vesicle pools are critical regulators of autophagic signaling via their ability to modulate phosphorylation of Bcl-2.
Real-time dynamics of Plasmodium NDC80 reveals unusual modes of chromosome segregation during parasite proliferation
Authors: Zeeshan Mohammad , Pandey Rajan , Ferguson David J. P. , Tromer Eelco C. , Markus Robert , Abel Steven , Brady Declan , Daniel Emilie , Limenitakis Rebecca , Bottrill Andrew R. , Le Roch Karine G. , Holder Anthony A. , Waller Ross F. , Guttery David S. , Tewari Rita
Published: May 2020

Eukaryotic cell proliferation requires chromosome replication and precise segregation to ensure daughter cells have identical genomic copies. The genus Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria, displays remarkable aspects of nuclear division throughout its lifecycle to meet some peculiar and unique challenges of DNA replication and chromosome segregation. The parasite undergoes atypical endomitosis and endoreduplication with an intact nuclear membrane and intranuclear mitotic spindle. To understand these diverse modes of Plasmodium cell division, we have studied the behaviour and composition of the outer kinetochore NDC80 complex, a key part of the mitotic apparatus that attaches the centromere of chromosomes to microtubules of the mitotic spindle. Using NDC80-GFP live-cell imaging in Plasmodium berghei we observe dynamic spatiotemporal changes during proliferation, including highly unusual kinetochore arrangements during sexual stages. We identify a very divergent candidate for the SPC24 subunit of the NDC80 complex, previously thought to be missing in Plasmodium, which completes a canonical, albeit unusual, NDC80 complex structure. Altogether, our studies reveal the kinetochore as an ideal tool to investigate the non-canonical modes of chromosome segregation and cell division in Plasmodium.
Internet-mediated research in the wake of Covid-19: Dealing with disclosure of serious risk of harm
Authors: Edelman Natalie
Published: May 2020

In response to the Covid-19 pandemic many studies are using internet-mediated research (IMR) methods. However, IMR guidance omits the issue of disclosure of serious risk of harm to self or others (DSRHSO). Studies involving face-to-face data collection on sensitive topics or with participants experiencing high adversity, often stipulate that participant confidentiality be broken in the face of DSRHSO. In IMR, participation may have been anonymous, either as part of a research strategy or because participants have chosen a pseudonym. Lack of valid contact details and other identifiers can also make tracing participants—to invoke safeguarding procedures such as social services involvement—more difficult.

The need for guidance is also pressing as the pandemic impacts emotional and psychological well-being, so that DSRHSO may be more likely, even when researching non-sensitive topics. Those suffering abuse or severe mental illness may also take the opportunity afforded by research participation to DSRHSO in order to access help, but may still need guidance or prompts to provide contact details. Lack of existing guidance likely reflects that studies on sensitive topics are recommended for face-to-face data collection precisely because researchers have low control over risks in online settings.

Prioritising participant safety (by requiring participant identifiers so that confidentiality can be broken if needed) may reduce data validity and participation by the most vulnerable. Nonetheless, the current pandemic presents both an opportunity and a need to establish IMR guidance on handling DSRHSO. In the post-pandemic era, such guidance may also facilitate safe online participation by those who are unable to participate in face-to-face data collection for reasons such as domestic abuse, care and work responsibilities or stigmatisation fears. Planned production of DSRHSO guidance will take an open, transparent and inter-disciplinary approach.
Optimal Off-line Experimentation for Games
Authors: Allen Theodore T. , Hernandez Olivia K. , Alomair Abdullah
Published: May 2020

Many business situations can be called “games” because outcomes depend on multiple decision makers with differing objectives. Yet, in many cases, the payoffs for all combinations of player options are not available, but the ability to experiment off-line is available. For example, war-gaming exercises, test marketing, cyber-range activities, and many types of simulations can all be viewed as off-line gaming-related experimentation. We address the decision problem of planning and analyzing off-line experimentation for games with an initial procedure seeking to minimize the errors in payoff estimates. Then, we provide a sequential algorithm with reduced selections from option combinations that are irrelevant to evaluating candidate Nash, correlated, cumulative prospect theory or other equilibria. We also provide an efficient formula to estimate the chance that given Nash equilibria exists, provide convergence guarantees relating to general equilibria, and provide a stopping criterion called the estimated expected value of perfect off-line information (EEVPOI). The EEVPOI is based on bounded gains in expected utility from further off-line experimentation. An example of using a simulation model to illustrate all the proposed methods is provided based on a cyber security capture-the-flag game. The example demonstrates that the proposed methods enable substantial reductions in both the number of test runs (half) compared with a full factorial and the computational time for the stopping criterion.
Admission Control Biases in Hospital Unit Capacity Management: How Occupancy Information Hurdles and Decision Noise Impact Utilization
Authors: Kim Song-Hee , Tong Jordan , Peden Carol
Published: May 2020

Providing patients with timely care from the appropriate unit involves both correct clinical evaluation of patient needs and making admission decisions to effectively manage a unit with limited capacity in the face of stochastic patient arrivals and lengths of stay. We study human decision behavior in the latter operations management task. Using behavioral models and controlled experiments in which physicians and MTurk workers manage a simulated hospital unit, we identify cognitive and environmental factors that drive systematic admission decision bias. We report on two main findings. First, seemingly innocuous “occupancy information hurdles” (e.g., having to type a password to view current occupancy) can cause a chain of events that leads physicians to maintain systematically lower unit utilization. Specifically, these hurdles cause physicians to make most admission decisions without checking the current unit occupancy. Then—between the times that they do check—physicians underestimate the number of available beds when occupancy increases from admissions are more salient than occupancy decreases from discharges. Second, decision-related random error or “noise” leads to higher- or lower-than-optimal utilization of hospital units in predictable patterns, depending on the system parameters. We provide evidence that these patterns are due to some settings providing more opportunity for physicians to mistakenly admit patients and other settings that provide more opportunity to mistakenly reject patients. These findings help identify when and why clinicians are likely to make inefficient decisions because of human cognitive limitations and suggest mitigation strategies to help hospital units improve their capacity management.

This paper was accepted by Charles Corbett, operations management.
Supply Chain Competition: A Market Game Approach
Authors: Korpeoglu C. Gizem , Körpeoğlu Ersin , Cho Soo-Haeng
Published: May 2020

We study supply chains where multiple suppliers sell to multiple retailers through a wholesale market. In practice, we often observe that both suppliers and retailers tend to influence the wholesale market price that retailers pay to suppliers. However, existing models of supply chain competition do not capture retailers’ influence on the wholesale price (i.e., buyer power) and show that the wholesale price and the order quantity per retailer do not change with the number of retailers. To overcome this limitation, we develop a competition model based on the market game mechanism in which the wholesale price is determined based on both suppliers’ and retailers’ decisions. When taking into account retailers’ buyer power, we obtain the result that is consistent with the observed practice: As the number of retailers increases, each retailer’s buyer power decreases, and each retailer is willing to pay more for her order, so the wholesale price increases. In this case, supply chain expansion to include more retailers (or suppliers) turns out to be more beneficial in terms of supply chain efficiency than what the prior literature shows without considering buyer power. Finally, we analyze the integration of two local supply chains and show that although the profit of the integrated supply chain is greater than the sum of total profits of local supply chains, integration may reduce the total profit of firms in a retailer-oriented supply chain that has more retailers than suppliers.

This paper was accepted by Charles Corbett, operations management.
Trust, Collaboration, and Economic Growth
Authors: Kondo Jiro , Li Danielle , Papanikolaou Dimitris
Published: May 2020

We propose a macroeconomic model in which variation in the level of trust leads to higher innovation, investment, and productivity growth. The key feature in the model is a hold-up friction in the creation of new capital. Innovators generate ideas but are inefficient at implementing them into productive capital on their own. Firms can help innovators implement their ideas efficiently but cannot ex ante commit to compensating them appropriately. Rather, firms are disciplined only by the value of their reputations—the present value of their future partnerships. We model trust as a public signal and construct a correlated equilibrium. When trust is high, firms anticipate fruitful collaborations and thus can credibly commit to not expropriating inventors, leading to the more efficient production of new capital. Our model can be used to qualitatively replicate the empirical relation between measures of trust and investment, innovation, and productivity growth—at both the micro and macro level.

This paper was accepted by Tomasz Piskorski, finance.
Dynamic Scheduling of Multiclass Many-Server Queues with Abandonment: The Generalized cμ/h Rule
Authors: Long Zhenghua , Shimkin Nahum , Zhang Hailun , Zhang Jiheng
Published: May 2020

In “Dynamic Scheduling of Multiclass Many-Server Queues with Abandonment: The Generalized cμ/h Rule,” Long, Shimkin, Zhang, and Zhang propose three scheduling policies to cope with any general cost functions and general patience-time distributions. Their first contribution is to introduce the target-allocation policy, which assigns higher priority to customer classes with larger deviation from the desired allocation of the service capacity and prove its optimality for any general queue-length cost functions and patience-time distributions. The Gcμ/h rule, which extends the well-known Gcμ rule by taking abandonment into account, is shown to be optimal for the case of convex queue-length costs and nonincreasing hazard rates of patience. For the case of concave queue-length costs but nondecreasing hazard rates of patience, it is optimal to apply a fixed-priority policy, and a knapsack-like problem is developed to determine the optimal priority order efficiently.
Diffusion Approximation for Efficiency-Driven Queues When Customers Are Patient
Authors: He Shuangchi
Published: May 2020

The analysis of queues with multiple servers is typically challenging when the service time distribution is general. Such analysis usually involves an infinite-dimensional process for tracking service ages or residual service times. In “Diffusion Approximation for Efficiency-Driven Queues When Customers Are Patient,” He demonstrates from a macroscopic perspective that, if customers are relatively patient and the system is overloaded, the dynamics of a many-server queue could be as simple as the dynamics of a single-server queue. In particular, the virtual waiting time process can be captured by a one-dimensional diffusion process, which enables us to obtain simple formulas for performance measures, such as service levels and effective abandonment fractions. To justify this diffusion model, a functional central limit theorem is established for the superposition of stationary renewal processes.
Nas Trilhas do Cuidado: A Afirmação da Dimensão Sensível da Experiência na Abordagem Gestáltica
Authors: Quadros Laura Cristina de Toledo , Prestrelo Eleonôra Torres
Published: May 2020

O artigo em questão busca discorrer acerca das exigências, ou melhor dizendo, das convocações que a tarefa de atuar e ensinar Gestalt-terapia nos traz, considerando algumas peculiaridades que atravessam esse fazer gestáltico no contexto acadêmico. Ressaltamos que o eixo central de nossa narrativa apoia-se na ideia do cuidado enquanto prática e intervenção nas múltiplas ações e proposições que constituem a formação universitária em psicologia, perpassando pela nossa compreensão e atuação na clínica gestáltica. Ao afirmarmos a dimensão sensível da abordagem gestáltica, discutimos a articulação da sensibilidade e do cuidado como uma política ontológica, destacando a responsabilidade que temos de produzir mundos com nossas práticas. Nesse sentido, o texto tem a proposição de discutir e pensar nossas práticas durante todos esses anos na interseção entre a universidade, a clínica e a vida. Esse movimento, portanto, enfatiza a impossibilidade de separação entre tais aspectos numa abordagem visionária como é a Gestalt-terapia, cujo fundamento principal é a experimentação. Finalizamos ressaltando a importância da valorização das pequenas ações, afastando-nos de uma certa espetacularização desse fazer, cuja a dimensão política se desdobra no cotidiano.
Plantão Psicológico Gestáltico - A Escrita de uma Experiência
Authors: Soares Luciana Loyola Madeira
Published: May 2020

Apresento a escrita de minha experiência de criação do campo de estágio em Plantão Psicológico fundamentado na Abordagem Gestáltica num curso de graduação em Psicologia numa Instituição particular de Ensino Superior no Rio de Janeiro. Sendo escassa a literatura gestáltica neste tema, recorri a autores baseados em Carl Rogers, em cuja abordagem há farta oferta de publicações, o que me permitiu criar boas conexões com autores da Gestalt-terapia. Chamei para compor esse diálogo autores da Psicologia Social e, assim, proponho o único atendimento no Plantão Psicológico Gestáltico como uma prática de clínica ampliada que pró-move deslocamentos nos fazeres acadêmicos na graduação em Psicologia por expandir as práticas clínicos na clínica-escola para além da psicoterapia bipessoal e por propor a sensibilidade como condição de encorpamento ético nos fazeres psicológicos. Finalizo, indicando o Plantão Psicológico Gestáltico como uma prática política e inclusiva, portanto, democrática, contemplando contemporaneamente a demanda por atenção psicológica pontual, em diferentes espaços e contextos - fomentando atenção especialmente à nossa formação universitária.
Gestalt-terapia e Cuidado
Authors: Lima Patricia Valle de Albuquerque
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo pretende considerar o conceito de cuidado dentro das perspectivas filosóficas e teóricas da Gestalt-terapia, buscando refletir sobre sua aplicabilidade na clínica ampliada. A experiência da autora, enquanto professora universitária e supervisora de estágio em Gestalt-terapia, servirá como ponto de sustentação para a reflexão sobre o cuidado na clínica ampliada, dado o vínculo que a mesma construiu e mantêm com a rede pública de saúde e assistência social em uma cidade do norte fluminense, através da oferta de estágio em diversos dispositivos desta rede. Ao longo deste artigo, não se pretende propor modos específicos de cuidado, mas refletir sobre a visão de cuidado em Gestalt-terapia e das implicações da abordagem na atuação do gestalt-terapeuta. O nosso objetivo, portanto, não é apontar modos apropriados de cuidar em Gestalt-terapia, mas possibilitar um maior entendimento do que podemos considerar cuidado e se a visão de cuidado proposta é compatível com a atuação na clínica ampliada.
O Uso do Jogo Digital "Hospital Mirim" como Estratégia de Enfrentamento à Procedimento Invasivo
Authors: Furtado Kamilla Regatieri , Dias Tatiane Lebre , Marchett Alice , Nunes Eunice Pereira dos Santos
Published: May 2020

Os procedimentos invasivos que envolvem agulha são capazes de provocar dor e ansiedade nas crianças, em função de implicarem uma expectativa de sofrimento físico e perda de controle da situação. A utilização de atividades lúdicas visa minimizar os efeitos dos processos dolorosos, se constituindo como estratégias de humanização para o contexto hospitalar. Este trabalho investigou os efeitos do serious game "Hospital Mirim" como estratégia de enfrentamento ao procedimento invasivo de coleta de sangue. Participaram 40 crianças com idade entre seis e 10 anos, sendo 20 do grupo controle e 20 do grupo experimental (intervenção), sorteadas aleatoriamente. Os instrumentos incluíram: (a) Entrevista semiestruturada; (b) Jogo digital Hospital Mirim; (c) Escala de dor; (d) Escala de observação de procedimento invasivo. Os resultados permitiram verificar que: (a) o grupo controle na etapa de pós-procedimento invasivo apresentou maior percepção de nível de dor comparado ao grupo experimental; (b) houve diferença significativa nos grupos entre a percepção da dor e os comportamentos apresentados durante o procedimento; (c) não houve diferença entre os grupos em relação aos comportamentos durante o procedimento invasivo. De modo geral, o jogo foi um instrumento facilitador ao enfrentamento da coleta de sangue pelas crianças, diminuindo a percepção da dor.
O Trabalho como Potencialidade Subjetiva na Experiência Migratória
Authors: Forno Cristiano Dal , Canabarro Rita De Cássia dos Santos , Macedo Mônica Medeiros Kother
Published: May 2020

A busca por oportunidades de trabalho profissional que permitam aos sujeitos melhores condições de vida está diretamente relacionada às migrações internacionais. O trabalho profissional afigura-se como recurso potencializador de saúde psíquica ao promover a experiência de reconhecimento de capacidades do migrante, com efeitos em sua subjetividade. Por meio do método de pesquisa psicanalítica, este artigo discorre sobre o papel do trabalho profissional frente aos impasses da vivência migratória. Discutem-se os riscos à tendência de patologização social da migração e aborda-se a relação entre migração e potencialidades criativas da prática laboral. Entrevistou-se um migrante haitiano e se elegeu, também, como material de análise, o livro intitulado "Sonhos que mobilizam o imigrante haitiano: biografia de Renel Simon". No testemunho constituído a partir da análise dessas narrativas, elabora-se o modo particular com que cada um destes sujeitos tem enfrentado seus desafios no caminho do trabalho de migrar. Conclui-se que o trabalho profissional responde à dimensão identitária, aquilatando o valor de si mesmo, na medida em que possibilita ao sujeito sua inserção social e vivências intersubjetivas de reconhecimento pelas atividades realizadas.
Kierkergaard e Comte-Sponville: dois posicionamentos acerca do desespero
Authors: De Oliveira Gustavo Maciel , Bezerra Saraiva José Américo
Published: May 2020

o presente trabalho tem como meta proceder à análise da relação de contraposição entre o discurso de André Comte-Sponville (1952-) e o do filósofo dinamarquês Kierkergaard (1813-1855) no que tange especificamente ao modo de abordar a paixão do desespero. Com base na análise, podemos dizer que, por considerar o desespero de modo positivo, de maneira oposta à do filósofo dinamarquês, Comte-Sponville se posiciona não só em relação a Kierkergaard mas também em relação a toda uma tradição do pensamento ocidental. Entendemos que, na malha interdiscursiva que o envolve, o pensamento do filósofo francês ainda se mostra capaz de dialogar com os discursos sobre o desespero tecidos na contemporaneidade, uma vez que, ao euforizar “um aprender a viver sem esperanças”, afirma a imagem moderna de um mundo vivido na distopia. Para levar a efeito a análise, nos ancoramos em conceitos extraídos da Análise do Discurso Francesa (MAINGUENEAU, 2008) e da Semiótica Discursiva (GREIMAS; COURTÉS, 1979; SARAIVA, 2012; OLIVEIRA, 2019), tendo em vista as convergências possíveis entre esses dois campos de pesquisa.
ANALISIS TINGKAT KEBISINGAN PADA KAWASAN SEKOLAH DASAR DI MAKASSAR
Authors: Nurasrin Nurul Rizki
Published: May 2020

Penelitian dilaksanakan di SD.Bawakaraeng Makassar yang berlokasi dekat dengan salah satu jalan arteri dikota Makassar. Sekolah Dasar ini mempunyai jarak dari gedung ke jalan paling dekat yaitu 11.2 meter danberlokasi dekat dengan traffic light sehingga terjadi perlambatan kendaraan disekitar Sekolah Dasar tersebutyang menyebabkan adanya kebisingan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat kebisingan,memetakan sebaran tingkat kebisingan, dan mengetahui persepsi masyarakat (siswa, guru, staf, orang tua siswa)akibat tingkat kebisingan di SD.Bawakaraeng Makassar. Penentuan titik pengukuran dilakukan pada aplikasigoogle earth, kemudian pada saat di lapangan titik koordinatnya disesuaikan menggunakan aplikasi GPSTracker Lite pada android. Pengukuran tingkat kebisingan dilakukan di 42 titik pada area SD.Bawakaraengdengan menggunakan alat Sound Level Meter TM-103 yang dilakukan selama 10 menit pada setiap titik dandata yang diperoleh adalah data tingkat kebisingan. Pemetaan sebaran tingkat kebisingan menggunakan aplikasisurfer 7.0. dan untuk mengetahui persepsi akibat tingkat kebisingan di SD.Bawakaraeng dilakukan denganmembagikan kuesioner ke 250 responden. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa nilai tingkat kebisingan rata-rataadalah 76.44 dBA. Ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kebisingan di sekitar SD.Bawakaraeng melebihi baku mutuyaitu 55 dBA. Peta sebaran tingkat kebisingan di SD.Bawakaraeng dominan berwarna kuning yang artinyatingkat kebisingan rata-rata di antara 70-80 dBA. Berdasarkan kuesioner yang telah dibagikan, seluruhresponden merasa ribut dengan kebisingan di SD.Bawakaraeng dan sebagai upaya pengendalian kebisingandominan responden memilih pembatasan kecepatan kendaraan sebagai solusinya.
Pengembangan Sistem Distribusi Air Bersih Di Kecamatan Dawarblandong, Kabupaten Mojokerto
Authors: Sugiarti Riris
Published: May 2020

Kecamatan Dawarblandong merupakan wilayah pedesaan yang direncanakan akan menjadi kawasan pertambangan mineral dan kawasan strategis sebagai penompang industri besar di Kabupaten Mojokerto. Pengembangan wilayah ini akan mengakibatkan peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat, dan peningkatan jumlah penduduk. Meningkatnya jumlah penduduk harus diimbangi dengan pelayanan masyarakat yang lebih baik lagi seperti halnya pemenuhan kebutuhan air bersih. Direncanakannya pengembangan tersebut, maka akan dianalisis  kondisi perpipaan. Analisis teknis dilakukan berdasarkan data yang didapatkan dilapangan dan hasil real demand survey. Analisis dan simulasi sistem distribusi dilakukan dengan program EPANET 2.0 dengan mengacu pada SNI 7509-2011. Pengembangan sistem distribusi yang direncanakan untuk tahap 1 mampu melayani 60 % dari jumlah penduduk dengan kebutuhan air bersih rata-rata 56,55 L/dtk yang disediakan oleh PDAM. Tahap 2 melayani 80% dari jumlah  penduduk yang ada dengan kebutuhan air bersih rata-rata dari PDAM sebesar 74,87 L/dtk. Pemenuhan kebutuhan air bersih ini mampu dilayani oleh SPAM Regional Mojo-Lamong. Rencana anggaran biaya dalam perencanaan pengembangan sistem distribusi air bersih sebesar Rp 4.111.117.543,90.
Medicine, the Environment and the Poor
Authors: Henderson John
Published: May 2020

This chapter emphasises the importance of taking seriously seventeenth-century medical theory, and its understanding of the environmental factors associated with plague. The increasing belief in the link between environment and disease led to closer attention by government and medical staff to the living conditions of the poor. In Florence, as in some other Italian cities at the time, the public health authorities instituted a detailed house-by-house survey of the living conditions of the poor. The chapter provides a detailed analysis of the survey, and in the process reveals the crowded and insanitary living conditions of the poorer members of society. It stresses that measures taken to address these problems are not just evidence of insanitary conditions, but are also part of a long tradition of proactive sanitary legislation which sought to cleanse houses and streets of the filth seen as causing disease. More broadly, the chapter seeks to understand these measures in relation to attitudes towards the poorer members of society, as reflected in contemporary medical and government rhetoric, which even sought to blame the poor for the worsening epidemic through their poor diet, lifestyle, and behaviour.
Healing Black Magic
Authors: Waters Thomas
Published: May 2020

This chapter explains that, throughout the Victorian era, thousands of magicians made money from the dark arts. The urban fortune-tellers, itinerant Roma women, and powerful characters known as ‘cunning-folk’ are the focus of this chapter. Their weird work could be misleading, downright fraudulent, and outrageously expensive. At the same time, the techniques Victorian magicians used to cure witchcraft did some good for their clients. Unwitching, the practice of removing harmful spells, functioned as a form of cryptic mental health care, which helped despairing people cope with terrible problems. It was all about creating a strong, ardent belief in the reality of mystic powers. This was difficult. Yet it was often better than the paralysing alternative — the awful idea that life's most precious things can be destroyed by mere bad luck.
California Complexity and Possibility
Authors: Méndez Michael
Published: May 2020

Reviews the scholarly and practical implications of California’s evolving climate change programs and its contentious politics over knowledge, markets, scale, and social and environmental inequality. It argues that activists conceptualize and enact alternative and more equitable climate futures through experimentation, conflict, and compromise.
The Cyber-Physical Disruption
Authors: DeNardis Laura
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines four emerging areas of technological innovation in which digital technologies are becoming embedded into the physical world. The digitization of everyday objects includes consumer Internet of things and connected objects in smart cities. The Internet of self encompasses cyberphysical systems entangled with the body, such as wearable technologies, implantable chips, biometric identification devices, and digital medical monitoring and delivery systems. The industrial Internet of things, sometimes called the “fourth industrial revolution,” involves restructurings of industries and labor around cyber-physical systems. Finally, emergent embedded systems include those embedded objects that are born digital, such as robotics, 3D printing, and arguably augmented reality systems. Understanding these heterogeneous technical architectures, and the technological affordances and characteristics they all share, is necessary for understanding emerging governance debates.
Privacy Gets Physical
Authors: DeNardis Laura
Published: May 2020

This chapter addresses the critical area of cyber-physical system privacy. Cyber-physical system privacy concerns encroach into intimate spaces in and around the body and in material spaces of industry, the home and society that were once distinctly bounded from the digital sphere. Privacy problems are also concerns about discrimination, such as using collected data for employment, insurance, and law enforcement decisions. Privacy problems in digital-physical spaces also raise a host of national security concerns. The chapter then explains some of the constraints that complicate privacy and recommends a baseline privacy-protection framework to address this extraordinary policy challenge. Transparency and notice to consumers about data gathering and sharing practices should represent absolute minimal standards of practice. But even this minimal standard is difficult to attain.
Cyber-Physical Security
Authors: DeNardis Laura
Published: May 2020

This chapter explains how cybersecurity increasingly connects to consumer safety and critical industrial infrastructure, as well as the digital economy and systems of democracy. Thus, the stakes of cyber-physical security have never been higher. From attacks on the energy sector to the attacks on the consumer Internet of things and democracy, cybersecurity governance is an existential concern in society. Regrettably, security is woefully inadequate. Market incentives privilege rapid product introduction rather than strong security. The chapter then suggests baseline recommendations, across all stakeholders, necessary for improving the cyber-physical ecosystem. It also looks at how cyber-physical systems complicate and increasingly shape already-difficult global cybersecurity governance questions such as when governments choose to stockpile knowledge of software vulnerabilities for cyber offense, rather than disclose them to secure critical infrastructure.
The Internet Freedom Oxymoron
Authors: DeNardis Laura
Published: May 2020

This chapter addresses how discourses around Internet freedom have served a variety of interests and ideologies. However, all of the various conceptions of Internet freedom have to be challenged in light of technological change. Traditional notions of Internet freedom are disconnected from actual technical, political, and market conditions. Internet freedom has a long history, but all incarnations center on the transmission and free flow of content, from John Perry Barlow's “A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace” and calls for freedom from regulation to the United States Department of State's Internet freedom foreign-policy campaign. Normative frameworks should adjust both to the realities of information control from private ordering and authoritarian power and the rising human rights challenges of cyber-physical systems.
The Cyber-Physical Policy Moment
Authors: DeNardis Laura
Published: May 2020

This concluding chapter argues that privacy and security have to take primacy as aspirational values as networks shift from digital only to directly embedded in the physical world. It calls for various stakeholders to urgently take serious cyber-physical policy choices and collectively elevate cybersecurity as a generational imperative necessary for human security, economic security, and national security. For example, a long-standing Internet policy tradition, while varying by region, is immunity from liability for information intermediaries. What counts as an intermediary in cyber-physical architectures and how should risk, accountability, and liability be reconceptualized in the high-risk era? Ultimately, the chapter contends that policy attention needs to shift from digital content to digital infrastructure.
The Impact of the Reformation
Authors: Pugh Martin
Published: May 2020

This chapter focuses on the Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century. Following Henry VIII's break with Rome in 1531, the English Reformation led Britain into a protracted struggle with the two great Catholic powers, Spain and France, for the next 300 years. The long-term effect was to define Britain as the leading Protestant power; but more immediately, it posed a far greater threat to England than Islam, and effectively destroyed the rationale for crusading activities. In this situation, the Islamic empires actually became a valuable balancing factor in European diplomacy. Henry's readiness to deal with the Muslim powers was far from eccentric during the sixteenth century. Both King Francis I of France and Queen Elizabeth I of England took the policy of collaboration much further.
India and the Anglo-Muslim Love Affair
Authors: Pugh Martin
Published: May 2020

This chapter explains that it was in India that the British became most fond of Muslims, and there that the relationship acquired an element of romance. For all the Victorians' self-confidence in the superiority of their civilisation, when the relationship with India began in the seventeenth century, the British played a distinctly subordinate role. The early modern world was dominated by three great empires: the Ottomans, based in modern Turkey but stretching far beyond it; the Safavids in Persia; and the Mughals in India. Apart from their military might, all three boasted impressive cultural achievements in terms of art, architecture, science, and literature that made them superior to the Europeans of the time. When the British sought to trade with India at the start of the seventeenth century, they found the country under arguably the greatest of the Mughal emperors, Akbar, who ruled from 1556 to 1605.