bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relaxing Design Students’ Sketch Inhibition: Experiences with Theoretical Grounding and Impermanent Media
Authors: Altenburger Elke , Falche Isabella , Gwin Haley
Published: December 2022

This article reports about a study developed to understand the effectiveness of instructional strategies to manage sketch inhibition in design students through studio‐based pedagogy. Sketch inhibition among students and recent graduates of design programs is a prominent aspect of the prevailing digitization of the design industry and education. While traditional and digital media are ideally complementary tools to facilitate the complex process of designing, studio instructors struggle to effectively integrate both into their students’ conceptions and practices. Primary data sources were ethnographic fieldnotes, semi‐structured interviews, and students’ responses to open‐ended survey questions. Whiteboards used as an impermanent medium, requests for quantity of sketches, and gentle enforcement of time limits were incorporated into studio practices on the foundation of theoretical grounding. Students understood the purpose and advantages of using hand sketches at strategic moments during the design process. Inhibited students responded to this combination of interventions by relaxing enough to focus on engaging with the relevant design tasks rather than focusing on how best to avoid them. Production of rich records, documenting their projects’ progression, served as supporting evidence that sketching had become a more normal and accepted part of the design process than for previous studio cohorts. The authors suggest more experimentation with these strategies and propose that sketching instructors prioritize and nurture ‘thinking sketches’ over ‘persuasive sketches’ to transfer attention from the representation of design solutions toward the design process and the development of mature design solutions.
Association of occupational noise exposure with hypertension: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Jin , Zhang Panpan , Wang Yaning , Wang Hui , Gao Yuan , Zhang Yurong
Published: December 2022

The effects of chronic occupational noise exposure on hypertension are debated. We aimed to investigate the association between occupational noise exposure and the prevalence of hypertension. The cross‐sectional data were collected from 2017 to 2018 using occupational physical examination data from a local aircraft manufacturing enterprise in Xi'an. We categorized occupational noise exposure as high (≥85 dBA) and low noise exposure (< 85 dBA). Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between occupational noise exposure and hypertension, and associations were further evaluated using subgroup analyses for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Of the 4746 participants (median age, 43 years; 73.4% men), 9.57% (454/4746) had hypertension and 32.4% (1540/4746) were exposed to high noise. Compared to the participants with low occupational exposure to noise, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for hypertension prevalence was 1.30 (1.05–1.62) for those with high occupational noise exposure. Subgroup analyses revealed that the noise‐hypertension association only existed in young participants (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.21–2.40). This study revealed a harmful association between high occupational noise exposure and hypertension in young adults. The study suggests occupational noise exposure as a target for worksite interventions to prevent hypertension.
Using meta‐research to foster diverse, equitable, and inclusive collaborative research networks
Authors: Stevens Elizabeth R. , Brody Abraham A. , Epps Fayron , Sloan Danetta H. , Sherman Scott E.
Published: December 2022

Fostering diverse, equitable, and inclusive collaborative research networks is important for advancing the field of aging research. Despite sizeable investment in research consortia and career development programs, there has been only moderate progress toward diversifying the research workforce studying aging. Without critically examining what works and what does not, continuing to place more resources into these same strategies may not result in a substantial improvement in diversity or the creation of collaborative networks. Using meta‐research to rigorously evaluate potential strategies to promote diversity and collaboration may yield important insights that can be used to improve upon current efforts. For this reason, we sought to describe meta‐research and highlight how its principles can be used to achieve the aging research community's collaboration and diversity goals.
Three‐point sectional‐cast digital method for transferring the interocclusal relationship for full‐mouth rehabilitation of worn dentition
Authors: Liu Xiaoqiang , Zhou Ti , Gao Hanqi , Zhou Jianfeng , Li Deli , Tan Jianguo
Published: December 2022

For full‐mouth rehabilitation of worn dentition, “diagnostic” interim restorations are required to reestablish the interocclusal relationship. It is important but challenging to transfer the interocclusal relationship and to map the basic form and contour of interim restorations to the final restorations. Alignment of interim restorations and working casts is difficult when using digital workflows because of a lack of consistent hard tissue reference points. The digital workflow presented in this study used a “3‐point sectional‐cast digital cross‐mounting method” to transfer the interocclusal relationship during full‐mouth rehabilitation. An intermediate cast was made with three interim restorations: one on an incisor and two on molars. The interocclusal relationship and occlusal morphologies of the diagnostic interim prostheses were transferred and aligned to working casts using the 3‐point sectional casts.
Phylogenomics, divergence time estimation, and adaptive evolution in the Polygonoideae (Polygonaceae)
Authors: Cao Dong‐Ling , Zhang Xue‐Jie , Qu Xiao‐Jian , Fan Shou‐Jin
Published: December 2022

Previous phylogenetic analyses indicated that Polygonoideae, the largest subfamily in the Polygonaceae, is monophyletic. Phylogenetic relationships within the Polygonoideae have been substantially controversial. We collected 160 samples representing all currently recognized tribes for a more comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily. Here, we reconstructed phylogenetic relationships of the Polygonoideae, inferred ancestral character states, and estimated the divergence time with a dense taxon sampling. This study corroborated and expanded previous results regarding the phylogenetic relationships of the Polygonoideae clade, and resolved the phylogenetic status of some controversial taxa by integrating molecular and morphological evidence. Phylogenetic analyses based on the complete plastomes suggested strong support for six primary clades that correspond to the most recent circumscription of tribes: Polygoneae, Rumiceae, Calligoneae, Pteroxygoneae, Fagopyreae, and Persicarieae. In addition, we provided further morphological data and assessed characters that supported different clades. The 3‐colpate pollen, 5‐parted perianth, and 3 styles were inferred to be the ancestral states of Polygonoideae. Divergence time estimation revealed that Polygonoideae originated around the late Cretaceous, and diversification was concentrated in the Eocene and Miocene. Time estimation indicated that the rapid uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the intensification of the Asian monsoons might be potential driving forces for the diversification of Polygonoideae. Overall, this study advances our understanding of the phylogeny and diversification of the Polygonoideae and highlights the adaptive evolution of the taxa.
Metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease identifies subjects with cardiovascular risk better than non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Chun Ho Soo , Lee Minjong , Lee Jae Seung , Lee Hye Won , Kim Beom Kyung , Park Jun Yong , Kim Do Young , Ahn Sang Hoon , Lee Yong‐Ho , Kim Ji‐Hye , Kim Seung Up
Published: December 2022

Background and Aims

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of mortality in subjects with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated the association between CVD risk and metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) or NAFLD and the influence of significant liver fibrosis on the CVD risk.

Methods

Subjects who underwent a comprehensive medical check‐up were recruited (2014–2019). Significant liver fibrosis was defined using NAFLD fibrosis score, fibrosis‐4 index, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index, or FibroScan‐aspartate aminotransferase score. High probability of atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) was defined as ASCVD risk score > 10%.

Results

Of the study population (n = 78 762), 27 047 (34.3%) and 24 036 (30.5%) subjects had MAFLD and NAFLD respectively. A total of 1084 (4.0%) or 921 (3.8%) subjects had previous CVD history in MAFLD or NAFLD subgroup respectively. The previous CVD history and high probability of ASCVD were significantly higher in MAFLD or NAFLD subgroup with significant liver fibrosis than in the other groups (all p < .001). In multivariable analysis, MAFLD was independently associated with previous CVD history after adjusting for confounders (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.10, p = .038), whereas NAFLD was not (all p > .05). MAFLD (aOR = 1.40) or NAFLD (aOR = 1.22) was independently associated with high probability of ASCVD after full adjustment respectively (all p < .001). Significant liver fibrosis was independently associated with previous CVD history and high probability of ASCVD after adjustment in MAFLD or NAFLD subgroup respectively (all p < .05).

Conclusion

MAFLD might better identify subjects with CVD risk than NAFLD. Fibrosis assessment might be helpful for detailed prognostication in subjects with MAFLD.
Assessment of the current trophic state and water quality of Lake Naivasha, Kenya using multivariate techniques
Authors: Yongo Edwine , Agembe Simon W. , Manyala Julius O. , Mutethya Eunice
Published: December 2022

Lake Naivasha is a tropical freshwater body in Kenya, providing a source of livelihoods to the surrounding communities. The lake ecosystem, however, has become degraded over time because of increasing pollutant loads from multiple sources, including human settlements and agricultural and surface runoff in its basin. Thus, it is vital to study the lake's water quality to determine its current status to inform appropriate management measures. Accordingly, the present study analysed water quality parameters and the trophic state of Lake Naivasha on the basis of water samples collected at eight sampling sites during the dry and wet seasons from December 2019 to May 2020. The physico‐chemical parameters were measured in situ, while nutrients were analysed in the laboratory. The results indicated high turbidity, total nitrogen (TN), ammonium‐nitrogen (NH4+‐N), nitrate‐N (NO3‐N) and total phosphorus (TP) levels during the wet season, and at the Malewa and Karati River mouths, while pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and chlorophyll‐a values were relatively high during the dry season. The water temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, however, did not vary between sampling sites or seasons. Cluster analysis (CA) classified the sites into three clusters based on water quality spatial and seasonal variations. Cluster 1 was comprised of the isolated region (Crescent), while clusters 2 and 3 mainly comprised sites sampled during wet and dry seasons, respectively. Similarly, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed spatial and seasonal physico‐chemical variations, indicating nutrient parameters (TN, TP, NO3‐N and NH4+‐N), pH, Secchi depth and turbidity are the major variables influencing water quality variations. Furthermore, factor analysis (FA) identified nutrients, sediment and organic sources as the main lake pollution sources. The trophic state index (TSI = 60–72) indicated the lake varied from a eutrophic to hypertrophic state during the study period. The lake was found to be more eutrophic than reported in previous studies, indicating a progressive deterioration of its water quality. The overall results demonstrated some of the sampling sites in the lake are heavily contaminated with pollutants from various sources, attributable primarily to land use patterns and anthropogenic activities. The results of the present study are useful to inform decisions regarding management of the lake water quality.
The effect of training on coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients
Authors: Olgun Sule , Ozsaker Esma
Published: December 2022

Background

In the pre‐operative process, patients who will undergo cardiovascular surgery and their families require planned education and education materials. Education given to patients plays a key role in reducing anxiety, overcoming stress, and accelerating discharge.

Aims

This study was conducted to determine the effect of an education booklet in addition to training by nurses on efficacy expectation, pain and anxiety levels in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery patients.

Study Design

This quasi‐experimental study was conducted in the cardiovascular surgery service of a university hospital in Izmir, Turkey, between June and October 2018 and involved 60 patients. The patients were divided into two groups: control (n = 30) and intervention (n = 30). The intervention group was patients educated before surgery by using the booklet, but the control group only received routine care by nurses. The data were collected using the Mini‐Mental Test, Patient Information Form, Visual Analogue Pain Scale, Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety Scale, Barnason Efficacy Expectation Scale, and Education Evaluation Form.

Results

After the intervention at discharge, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of anxiety, pain, and efficacy expectation among the intervention group which received booklet education with the control group which received routine care (p <  .05).

Conclusion

The booklet education given to patients before CABG surgery was found to have potential effects on patients' post‐operative pain levels, the efficacy expectation, and satisfaction.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

In the pre‐operative process, the use of booklet education in addition to routine care increases the level of efficacy expectation and decreases pain and anxiety in CABG surgery patients. Therefore, nurses can use booklet education to improve self‐efficacy and reduce pain and anxiety in patients who have CABG surgery.
Inappropriate ventricular fibrillation annotation and defibrillator discharge despite the same tachycardia cycle length in ventricular tachycardia‐1 zone in an Abbott defibrillator – What is the mechanism?
Authors: Bera Debabrata , Mani Siddhartha , Sen Ranabrata , Majumder Suchit , Halder Antareep , Ray Adrita
Published: December 2022

Newer devices incorporate advanced algorithms to have more accurate delivery of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) therapy. Newer models of Abbott Implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators like Gallant and Entrant have a new ventricular fibrillation (VF) therapy assurance algorithm. This algorithm has a proven role in avoiding under‐detection of VF where some of the smaller electrograms are under‐sensed. We report a case of ventricular fibrillation therapy assurance (VFTA) algorithm malfunction in a 48‐year‐old lady having single chamber Entrant Implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator, where the patient received inappropriate therapies. The VFTA algorithm eventually had to be turned off.
Bireversible automata generating lamplighter groups
Authors: Francoeur Dominik
Published: December 2022

For every non‐trivial finite abelian group , we exhibit a bireversible automaton generating the lamplighter group .
Experiences and Perspectives of College Students With Disabilities Toward Integrated Physical Education in South Korea
Authors: Lee Seo Hee , Hodge Samuel R.
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the study was to analyze South Korean college students with disabilities’ recollections about their experiences in segregated (self-contained) special education classes and integrated physical education classes during elementary, middle, and/or high school in South Korea. The research design was retrospective multiple-case study. The participants were five South Korean college students matriculating at a university in South Korea. The primary data sources were semistructured interviews and researcher’s journal entries. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis and exposed four interrelated themes, which were (a) isolated, (b) felt not supported, (c) segregated from peers, and (d) felt relieved and safe. Overall, the findings exposed challenges the participants all had experienced in integrated physical education classes, including feeling isolated and excluded from meaningful participation in class activities. In contrast, they reflected on their experiences in the segregated (self-contained) special education classes with a sense of belonging and acceptance.
Career Transitions: Decision-Making Dynamics Regarding Physical Education Teacher Education Doctoral Program Applications and Entry
Authors: Patton Kevin , Parker Melissa
Published: December 2022

Purpose: This study’s purpose was to explore professional career paths into physical education teacher education. Methods: Participants included 27 physical education teacher educators with an average of 20.2 years of experience selected from among attendees at international conferences, using a combination of convenience and purposive sampling. Data sources included semistructured interviews, living graphs, and participant vitae. Results: Findings describe intrinsic and extrinsic motivating factors to pursue a professional role change and the selection of a doctoral program including: (a) prompted by others, (b) self-initiated, and (c) forced choice. After deciding to pursue a doctoral degree, program choice was predicated by disciplinary and institutional, as well as idiosyncratic and personal considerations. Conclusions: Understanding how and why participants repositioned themselves from their current roles into doctoral education has important implications for further research and practice to enhance the quality of doctoral education.
Lorentz symmetry violating Lifshitz-type field theories
Authors: Rizza Emiliano , Zappalà Dario
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we discuss the ultraviolet sector of (3 + 1)-dimensional Lifshitz-type anisotropic higher derivative scalar, fermion and gauge field theories, with anisotropy exponent [Formula: see text] and with explicit breaking of Lorentz symmetry. By discarding from the action of all momentum-dependent vertex operators, which is essential to avoid phenomenologically unacceptable deformations of the light cone, we find that renormalizable scalar self-interaction and Yukawa-like couplings are, in general, asymptotically free. However, the requirement of cancelling momentum-dependent vertex operators is incompatible with gauge symmetry and, therefore, for this kind of theories, gauge symmetry as well as Lorentz symmetry are recovered only as emergent properties below some energy scale [Formula: see text], that must be constrained from experiments. The quantum corrections to the scalar mass and their impact on the hierarchy problem are also analyzed.
Preparation and MRI Study of HER2‐Targeted Bimodal Molecular Probe Gd‐Cy5.5‐Pertuzumab for Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Tian Hongda , Liu Jinren , Xie Zhengrong , Li Zhongyuan , Li Chunxiang
Published: December 2022

Purpose. A bimodal nanoprobe for thyroid cancer targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) was synthesized by coupling the magnetic resonance contrast agent Gd3+ with the fluorescent dyes Cy5.5 and pertuzumab as a preliminary study of Gd‐Cy5.5‐pertuzumab in magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging. Methods. The bifunctional chelate p‐SCN‐Bn‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic‐acid (DOTA) was dissolved in deionized water, added to pertuzumab solution, and stirred overnight at room temperature to obtain the product DOTA pertuzumab. 1,2‐dichloroethane and N‐hydroxysuccinimide were added to activate the carboxyl group on DOTA. After 0.5 hr of activation, the amino fluorescent dye Cy5.5 was further added to react with it to synthesize the intermediate product Cy5.5‐DOTA‐pertuzumab. Finally, we added GdCl3‐6H2O and placed it in a magnetic stirrer for 6 hr before the unreacted substance was removed by dialysis to obtain Gd‐Cy5.5‐pertuzumab. Following that, the hydrated particle size and zeta potential of the nanoprobe were measured by particle size analyzer, the fluorescence spectrum by a fluorescence detector, the infrared spectrum by the infrared analyzer, the cytotoxicity by CCK‐8 method, the relaxation rate by Niumai small nuclear magnetic field, and the binding ability of HER2 to thyroid cancer 8505C by laser confocal microscope. Nanoprobes were injected into a subcutaneous thyroid cancer nude mouse model through the tail vein, and in vivo MRI and near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging were performed. Finally, the nude mice were dissected and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining of pathological tissues was performed to evaluate the imaging performance of the prepared bimodal probes. Results. The synthesized bimodal probe Gd‐Cy5.5‐pertuzumab had a hydrodynamic size of 131.34 ± 9.43 nm and zeta potential of −31.73 ± 6.24 mV with a significant absorption peak at 685 nm. The relaxation rate of the probe was 46.53 mM−1 s−1, which was determined by Niumai small nuclear magnetism, and the T1 signal intensity increased gradually with the concentration of the probe. Laser confocal microscopy showed that HER2 was mainly expressed in cell membranes. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that the probe had low cytotoxicity. MRI and small animal fluorescence imaging of tumor‐bearing nude mice showed that the probe could clearly image tumor tissue. Conclusion. The bimodal probe Gd‐Cy5.5‐pertuzumab was successfully synthesized with good stability, which can specifically bind to target cells in vivo and has good magnetic resonance/fluorescence imaging performance.
Nonlinear Buckling Analysis and Optimization Design of the Y‐Type Composite Insulator String
Authors: Bao Hua , Xia Lingzhi , Chai Shengcong , Cheng Yang , Cao Songyuan , Lan Zhiwen
Published: December 2022

Under the action of extreme wind load, the overhead transmission line will lead to the fracture of the traditional V‐type insulator string, which greatly affects the safety of the power system. Compared with the V‐type insulator string, the Y‐type insulator string has better stability under the wind load. Therefore, the overhead lines in the mountainous areas of Anhui Province are taken as the research object, considering the combined effect of wind load and conductor dead weight, and through theoretical derivation, the calculation formula of insulator string wind deflection angle is obtained. Using numerical simulation software, the nonlinear mechanical analysis of Y‐type insulator strings is conducted, and under the action of different wind speeds, the windage yaw angle and unloading angle of the Y‐type insulator string are obtained. Compared with the calculation results of the V‐type insulator string, the stability of the Y‐type insulator string in the structure is better than that of the V‐type insulator string, and the Y‐type insulator string can make full use of the distance between layers and the gap margin of the tower head, reduce the length of the cross arm, and reduce the weight of the tower, which has obvious advantages. Combined with the results of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the optimal design method of the Y‐type insulator string is given. Under the condition of ensuring the safety and stability of insulators, the distance of the cross arm is shortened as much as possible and the weight of the transmission line tower is reduced. The research results will provide a theoretical reference for engineering design and improvement.
Solving Some Partial Differential Equations by Using Double Laplace Transform in the Sense of Nonconformable Fractional Calculus
Authors: Injrou Sami , Hatem Iyad
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we introduce the non-conformable double Laplace transform. Its properties are studied, and it is applied to solve some fractional PDEs involving the nonconformable fractional derivative. Graphical representations of the obtained solutions are shown in figures. The study shows that this transform is effective and easy to apply to create an exact solution for types of fractional PDEs.
Comparison of Different Risk Scores for Prediction of In-Hospital Mortality in STEMI Patients Treated with PPCI
Authors: Wang Chih-Hwa , Wang Hui-Ting , Wu Kuan-Han , Cheng Fu-Jen , Cheng Cheng-I. , Kung Chia-Te , Chen Fu-Cheng
Published: December 2022

Background. Several risk scores have been developed to predict and analyze in-hospital mortality and short- and long-term outcomes of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI); these can classify patients as having a high or low risk of death or complications. Objective. To compare the prognostic precision of four risk scores for predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with STEMI treated with PPCI. Methods. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of patients with STEMI who underwent PPCI between 2012 and 2019 (N = 1346). GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Cardiac Events), CADILLAC (Controlled Abciximab and Device Investigation to Lower Late Angioplasty Complications), Zwolle, and TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) risk scores were calculated for each patient according to different variables. We evaluated the predictive accuracy of these scores for in-hospital mortality using the C statistic, which was obtained using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves. Results. The GRACE, CADILLAC, Zwolle, and TIMI risk scores all had good predictive precision for in-hospital mortality, with C statistics ranging from 0.842 to 0.923. The GRACE and CADILLAC risk scores were found to be superior. Conclusions. All GRACE, CADILLAC, Zwolle, and TIMI risk scores showed a high predictive value for in-hospital mortality due to all causes in patients with STEMI treated with PPCI. The GRACE and CADILLAC risk scores revealed a better accuracy for predicting in-hospital mortality than the Zwolle and TIMI risk scores.
Loss of WNK1 Suppressed the Malignant Behaviors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Promoting Autophagy and Activating AMPK Pathway
Authors: Wang Fang , Yan Xianxia , Shi Guangyan , Zhang Lei , Jing Xu
Published: December 2022

Background. WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1 (WNK1) has been shown to be highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples and related to poor prognosis of HCC patients based on bioinformatics analysis. However, the specific function of WNK1 in HCC has not been analyzed. This study is aimed at exploring the function of WNK1 in HCC progression as well as its related molecular mechanism. Methods. After knockdown of WNK1 by small interference RNA, cell counting kit-8, colony formation, western blot, Transwell, and wound healing assays were employed to evaluate the biological behaviors of HCC cells. Immunofluorescent staining was applied to detect the effect of WNK1 on LC3 II. GSK690693 or si-AMPK was applied to block AMPK pathway. The expression of autophagy and AMPK pathway related molecules was examined by western blot assay. Results. WNK1 was highly expressed in HCC cell lines and loss of WNK1 inhibited HCC cell proliferation, cell cycle, migration, and invasion. Additionally, we demonstrated that loss of WNK1 promoted the autophagy and activated AMPK pathway in HCC cells. While, GSK690693 treatment or si-AMPK transfection suppressed the autophagy and promoted HCC cells proliferation. However, WNK1 knockdown counteracted the effect of GSK690693 or si-AMPK in regulating HCC cell proliferation. Finally, we demonstrated that WNK1 regulated the malignant behaviors of HCC cells by modulating autophagy and AMPK pathway. Conclusions. The above results indicated that WNK1 may be a worthwhile target to be considered for therapy of HCC.
Starvation Affects the Muscular Morphology, Antioxidant Enzyme Activity, Expression of Lipid Metabolism-Related Genes, and Transcriptomic Profile of Javelin Goby (Synechogobius hasta)
Authors: Chen Xiangning , Xu Yili , Cui Xiangyu , Zhang Siying , Zhong Xiangqi , Ke Juntao , Wu Yuze , Liu Zhiyu , Wei Chaoqing , Ding Zhujin , Xu Jianhe , Cheng Hanliang
Published: December 2022

Fish in natural and cultivated environments can be challenged by starvation. However, inducing starvation in a controlled manner cannot only reduce feed consumption but also reduces aquatic eutrophication and even improves farmed fish quality. This study investigated the effects of starvation on the muscular function, morphology, and regulatory signaling in javelin goby (Synechogobius hasta) by evaluating the biochemical, histological, antioxidant, and transcriptional changes in the musculature of S. hasta subjected to 3, 7, and 14 days fasting. The muscle glycogen and triglyceride levels in S. hasta were gradually reduced under starvation, reaching their lowest at the end of the trial (

P
<
0.05

). The levels of glutathione and superoxide dismutase were significantly elevated after 3–7 days of starvation (

P
<
0.05

), but later returned to the level of the control group. The muscle of starved S. hasta developed structural abnormalities in some areas after 7 days of food deprivation, and more vacuolation and more atrophic myofibers were observed in 14-day fasted fish. The transcript levels of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (scd1), the key gene involved in the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids, were markedly lower in the groups starved for 7 or more days (

P
<
0.05

). However, the relative expressions of genes associated with lipolysis were decreased in the fasting experiment (

P
<
0

.05). Similar declines in the transcriptional response to starvation were found in muscle fatp1 and ppar γ abundance (

P
<
0.05

). Furthermore, the de novo transcriptome of muscle tissue from the control, 3-day and 14-day starved S. hasta generated 79,255 unigenes. The numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified by pairwise comparisons among three groups were 3276, 7354, and 542, respectively. The enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs were primarily involved in metabolism-related pathways, including ribosome, TCA pathway, and pyruvate metabolism. Moreover, the qRT-PCR results of 12 DEGs validated the expression trends observed in the RNA-seq data. Taken together, these findings demonstrated the specific phenotypical and molecular responses of muscular function and morphology in starved S. hasta, which may offer preliminary reference data for optimizing operational strategies incorporating fasting/refeeding cycles in aquaculture.
Temporal Variation Measure Analysis: An Improved Second‐Order Difference Plot
Authors: Diao Chen , Cai Ning
Published: December 2022

In this study, an improved second‐order difference plot is proposed to analyze the variability of heart rate variability. Although the variation of the physiological status of the cardiovascular system can be shown graphically by the second‐order difference plot, the descriptive ability of existing indicators for this plot is insufficient. As a result, the physiological information contained in the second‐order difference plot cannot be extracted adequately. Addressing the problem, the temporal variation measure analysis is presented to describe distribution patterns of scatter points in the second‐order difference plot quantitatively and extract the acceleration information for a variation of heart rate variability. Experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of the temporal variation measure analysis. As a quantitative indicator, the temporal variation entropy is properly designed and successfully applied in the recognition and classification of the physiological statuses of the heart.
Hybrid‐Mobile Stroke Unit: Opening the Indication Spectrum for Stroke Mimics and Beyond
Authors: Fassbender Klaus , Phillips Daniel J. , Grunwald Iris Q. , Schottek Andrea , Alam Sajid , Perera Saman , Chakrabarti Annie , Moon Robert , Lesmeister Martin , Wagner Viola , Wheddon Damon , Dommett David , Wells Brittany , Middleton Rheanne , Willis Robert , Bachhuber Monika , Merzou Fatma , Wagenpfeil Stefan , Thottath Jineesh , Bertsch Thomas , Walter Silke ,   for the Hybrid‐MSU Working Group
Published: December 2022

Background

Despite proven benefits, the use of single‐purpose mobile stroke units (MSUs) has raised concerns about their effective and cost‐efficient integration into clinical practice, especially when considered for operation in nonurban areas. The MSU concept may benefit from opening the indication spectrum to include frequent stroke mimics and additional emergencies.

Methods

The current observational study evaluated benefits for the treatment and triage decision‐making of use of an MSU with extended capabilities (Hybrid‐MSU), also including radiography, ultrasonography, extended point‐of‐care laboratory, ECG, electroencephalography, and advanced medications. Apart from patients with a dispatch code for “stroke”, the ambulance was also dispatched to those with codes for “seizures”, “falls with head trauma”, “headache”, “unconsciousness”, “infection and pandemic”, “chest pain”, and “breathing problems”.

Results

For 250 patients treated by the Hybrid‐MSU, but not for 250 conventionally treated patients, the prehospital diagnostic workup allowed, apart from treatment with stroke thrombolytics (n=15), prehospital administration of specific anticonvulsants (n=15), antibiotics (n=5), early secondary stroke prophylaxis with aspirin (n=49), and the Sepsis Six bundle (n=2). Prehospital diagnosis avoided 215 (86.0%) admissions to the emergency department, either by management at home (n=116, 46.4%) or by directly transferring patients to the required specialized wards (n=99, 39.6%).

Conclusion

The current study demonstrates the feasibility of the use of a Hybrid‐MSU and indicates its potential benefits for prehospital treatment and triage decision‐making. Opening the indication spectrum, together with an act‐alone ability, could be a key in the future integration of MSUs into routine health care.
Academic Publishing and the Indian Book Trade
Authors: Chesher Christoph
Published: December 2022

Christoph Chesher joined publishing in 1984 as a sales rep at Blackwell Science (BSP) and built up a sales team ground up in the UK and abroad including India – he had an instant connection with the country and its vibrant books market. In 1993 he joined OUP and came to Routledge/T&F in 1997, where he took the key decision to set up an India liaison office, which has since gone from strength to strength, expanding to a full-scale publisher. Large wholesalers continue to play a big part in servicing the extensive but fragmented Indian market, and levels of discounts, concerns around arbitrage, levels of copyright awareness and an overreliance on print by the key trade partners remain key challenges for publishers in India.
Interventional Strategies in the Ukrainian Dubbing of "The Simpsons Movie" (2007)
Authors: Weston Olena
Published: December 2022

This article analyses the interventional translation strategies employed in the Ukrainian dubbing of The Simpsons Movie (2007). Based on a parallel corpus of the English original and the Ukrainian dubbing, this paper argues that film translation frequently requires lexical adjustments by the translator in order to maintain the original context or to establish the desired emotional connection with the audience. The interventional strategies chosen for this paper and applied to detected Ukrainian fragments are generalisation, substitution and omission, which are elements of domestication strategies; and specification, which is an element of  foreignization strategies. In the process of analysing the parallel corpus for The Simpsons Movie, an additional type of interventional strategy was detected and added as a fifth category: lexical domestication. This strategy relates to elements that have been deliberately created with the aim of introducing foreign replicas closer to the target language.
Influence of Language Behaviour on the Identity Formation of the Ukrainian Military
Authors: Pidkuimukha Liudmyla
Published: December 2022

This article aims to highlight the analysis of language behaviour and language attitude in the military environment. The data included in this research was taken from the series of books Oral History of the Russian–Ukrainian War (2014–2019), which includes interviews with both military personnel and civilians, namely displaced people from the Donbas region and chaplains. The participants clarify their language choices and explain how it has influenced identity construction, as well as developing their linguistic personality. Since the interviewees are mostly from the south–eastern part of Ukraine, it is possible to make some general conclusions about the language situation of these territories, as well as to investigate language attitudes in the military environment. The analysis is informed by Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) involving the analysis of text, discourse and sociocultural practice.
Linguistic Diversity of Mountain Jews in Azerbaijan. The Judeo–Tat Language in the Regional Linguistic Context
Authors: Penkowska Kamelia Marta
Published: December 2022

Mountain Jews are one of the many ethnic groups that currently inhabit Azerbaijan. The largest centres of this community are the cities of Baku and Oghuz (formerly Vartashen) and the village of Krasnaya Sloboda in Quba District. The uniqueness of the Jewish community in the Caucasus lies primarily in the specificity of its culture, traditions and customs, which for many years were influenced by close contacts with other ethnic groups living in the Caucasus. Despite belonging to the same ethnic group with its own language (the Judeo–Tat language), Mountain Jews in Azerbaijan communicate in different languages. This article aims to show the linguistic diversity among Mountain Jews in Azerbaijan. Additionally, it presents the roles and significance of the Judeo–Tat language compared to those of other languages in the region.
Grammatical Error Analysis Approach in Teaching Polish as a Foreign Language to Ukrainian Learners. A Review of Dominika Izdebska-Długosz’s Monograph “Błędy gramatyczne w polszczyźnie studentów ukraińskojęzycznych” (Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka, 2021, ss. 472)
Authors: Morska Liliya
Published: December 2022

The reviewed monograph is one of the few publications on error analysis approach to teaching grammar of Polish as a foreign language. The book provides an extensive theoretical study of errors from several perspectives (linguistic, psycholinguistic, didactic and sociocultural), with a particular focus on the analysis of grammatical blunders made by Ukrainian learners of Polish in their written assignments, as well as profound methodical guidelines and resources for practitioners engaged in the process of teaching Polish as a foreign language to Ukrainian students, whose linguistic competence profile is characterized on the basis of the contrastive analysis of Polish and Ukrainian. The research is grounded on the empirical data collected by the author in the course of her teaching experience, which makes the theoretical findings reliable and practical recommendations worth implementing in teaching practices.
Cognitive Discourse Parameters of Directive Speech Acts in Modern Ukrainian
Authors: Mezhov Oleksandr , Kostusiak Nataliia , Navalna Maryna
Published: December 2022

The article presents a comprehensive multifaceted analysis of directive speech acts (based on modern media texts from the popular Ukrainian newspaper Day) taking into account the following approaches: 1) cognitive-semantic, with the projection of directive statements on extra-lingual reality, the study of their propositional-syntactic structure, and semantic relations between components; 2) formal-grammatical, which involves the identification of morphological and syntactic means of expression of motivation and the specifics of the positional structure of sentences; 3) communicative-syntactic, which allows for the characterization of directive statements in terms of their intonation and actual articulation; 4) communicative-pragmatic and discursive, which focuses on the specifics of certain types of directive speech acts in specific discourses, their perlocutionary effect, pragmatic intentions of the speakers, their communicative strategies and tactics, the interaction of the addresser and the recipient and more.
Directive speech acts with infinitives, verbs of imperative, conditional and optative moods, present, past and future tenses, which are based on performative constructions, are distinguished from the formal-grammatical point of view. They all have the same propositional meaning, which at the semantic-syntactic level of the sentence is implemented in the following obligatory syntaxemes: the subject (speaker), the predicate of volitional action, the recipient of volitional action or the potential subject of action, and the predicate of potential action. In specific communicative acts, the syntaxeme of the subject of volitional action is correlated with the recipient of speech, i.e., the speaker expressing the communicative intention of motivation, and the complex syntax of the recipient of volitional action-subject of potential action – with the recipient of speech, i.e., the interlocutor from whom the speaker expects on his volition. The core of directive speech acts is formed by sentences with verbs in the imperative mood (imperatives) and vocatives. The periphery is formed by indirect statements (including narrative, interrogative, conditional), the motivational modality of which is due to context or extra-lingual situation. Verbal predicates as the centre of directive speech acts, with the semantics of order, command, request, supplication, imploration, persuasion, invitation, permission, demand, coercion, appeal, instruction, direction, recommendation, suggestion, warning, precaution, advice, admonition, preaching, etc., are usually in a communicative position rheme with the actual articulation of statements.
Review: Gerd Hentschel, Jolanta Tambor, István Fekete: “Das Schlesische und seine Sprecher: Etablierung in der Gesellschaft, Attitüden, Vitalität der Germanismen / Śląski lekt i jego użytkownicy: rozpowszechnienie, postawy społeczne wobec śląszczyzny, żywotność germanizmów w lekcie śląskim” (Berlin: Peter Lang, 2022, Seiten 344)
Authors: Zielińska Anna
Published: December 2022

This is a review of the monograph by Gerd Hentschel, Jolanta Tambor, István Fekete (“Das Schlesische und seine Sprecher: Etablierung in der Gesellschaft, Attitüden, Vitalität der Germanismen / The Silesian lekt and its users: Dissemination, social attitudes towards the Silesian lekt, and the vitality of Germanisms in the Silesian lekt”), in which the authors present the linguistic situation of Upper Silesia, establish the frequency of Germanisms and conduct quantitative research (with a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of these analyses). The monograph is an important substantive voice in the discussion on the status of the Silesian language.
Greater angiogenic and immunoregulatory potency of bFGF and 5-aza-2ʹ-deoxycytidine pre-treated menstrual blood stem cells in compare to bone marrow stem cells in rat model of myocardial infarction
Authors: Manshori Mahmood , Kazemnejad Somaieh , Naderi Nasim , Darzi Maryam , Aboutaleb Nahid , Golshahi Hannaneh
Published: December 2022

Background

This study is designed to compare the menstrual blood stem cells (MenSCs) and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs)-secreted factors with or without pre-treatment regimen using basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and 5-aza-2ʹ-deoxycytidine (5-aza) and also regenerative capacity of pre-treated MenSCs and/or BMSCs in a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods

BMSCs and MenSCs were pre-treated with bFGF and 5-aza for 48 h and we compared the paracrine activity by western blotting. Furthermore, MI model was created and the animals were divided into sham, MI, pre-treated BMSCs, and pre-treated MenSCs groups. The stem cells were administrated via tail vain. 35 days post-MI, serum and tissue were harvested for further investigations.

Results

Following pre-treatment, vascular endothelium growth factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1, stromal cell-derived factor-1, and hepatocyte growth factor were significantly increased in secretome of MenSCs in compared to BMSCs. Moreover, systemic administration of pre-treated MenSCs, leaded to improvement of cardiac function, preservation of myocardium from further subsequent injuries, promotion the angiogenesis, and reduction the level of NF-κB expression in compared to the pre-treated BMSCs. Also, pre-treated MenSCs administration significantly decreased the serum level of Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) in compared to the pre-treated BMSCs and MI groups.

Conclusions

bFGF and 5-aza pre-treated MenSCs offer superior cardioprotection compare to bFGF and 5-aza pre-treated BMSCs following MI.
Association of Phenotypic Aging Marker with comorbidities, frailty and inflammatory markers in people living with HIV
Authors: Han Win Min , Apornpong Tanakorn , Gatechompol Sivaporn , Ubolyam Sasiwimol , Chattranukulchai Pairoj , Wattanachanya Lalita , Siwamogsatham Sarawut , Kerr Stephen J. , Erlandson Kristine M. , Avihingsanon Anchalee
Published: December 2022

Background

Aging characteristics in people living with HIV (PLWH) are heterogeneous, and the identification of risk factors associated with aging-related comorbidities such as neurocognitive impairment (NCI) and frailty is important. We evaluated predictors of novel aging markers, phenotypic age (PhenoAge) and phenotypic age acceleration (PAA) and their association with comorbidities, frailty, and NCI.

Methods

In a cohort of PLWH and age- and sex-matched HIV-negative controls, we calculated PhenoAge using chronological age and 9 biomarkers from complete blood counts, inflammatory, metabolic-, liver- and kidney-related parameters. PAA was calculated as the difference between chronological age and PhenoAge. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the factors associated with higher (>median) PAA. Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) was used to assess model discrimination for frailty.

Results

Among 333 PLWH and 102 HIV-negative controls (38% female), the median phenotypic age (49.4 vs. 48.5 years, p = 0.54) and PAA (− 6.7 vs. -7.5, p = 0.24) was slightly higher and PAA slightly less in PLWH although this did not reach statistical significance. In multivariate analysis, male sex (adjusted odds ratio = 1.68 [95%CI = 1.03–2.73]), current smoking (2.74 [1.30–5.79]), diabetes mellitus (2.97 [1.48–5.99]), hypertension (1.67 [1.02–2.72]), frailty (3.82 [1.33–10.93]), and higher IL-6 levels (1.09 [1.04–1.15]), but not HIV status and NCI, were independently associated with higher PAA. PhenoAge marker discriminated frailty better than chronological age alone (AUROC: 0.75 [0.66–0.85] vs. 0.65 [0.55–0.77], p = 0.04). In the analysis restricted to PLWH, PhenoAge alone predicted frailty better than chronological age alone (AUROC: 0.7412 vs. 0.6499, P = 0.09) and VACS index (AUROC: 0.7412 vs. 0.6811, P = 0.34) despite not statistically significant.

Conclusions

While PLWH did not appear to have accelerated aging in our cohort, the phenotypic aging marker was significantly associated with systemic inflammation, frailty, and cardiovascular disease risk factors. This simple aging marker could be useful to identify high-risk PLWH within a similar chronological age group.