bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modification of the Sommerfeld effect due to coannihilator decays*
Authors: Luo 罗 Feng 峰
Published: November 2024

In dark matter coannihilation scenarios, the Sommerfeld effect of coannihilators is usually important in the calculations of dark matter thermal relic abundance. Due to decays of coannihilators, two annihilating coannihilators can only approach each other from a finite initial separation. While conventional derivations of Sommerfeld factors essentially assume an infinite initial separation, Sommerfeld factors for a pair of annihilating coannihilators may be different. We find that the Sommerfeld factor for a pair of coannihilators is less prominent than that obtained without considering decays. Modification of the Sommerfeld factor may result in a change of the dark matter thermal relic abundance well beyond the percent level.
An overview of the STEP divertor design and the simple models driving the plasma exhaust scenario
Authors: Henderson S.S. , Osawa R.T. , Newton S.L. , Moulton D. , Xiang L. , Futtersack R. , Kryjak M. , Ridgers C. , Karhunen J. , Jarvinen A. , Hudoba A. , Bakes S. , Eriksson F. , Meyer H. , Lord M. , Tarazona A. , Cureton A. , Barth A. , Chuilon B. , Hebrard T. , Wang S. , Vizvary Z. , Vaccaro D. , Perez Smith F. , Farrington J. , Harrison J. , Dudson B. , Lipschultz B.
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the preliminary divertor design and plasma exhaust scenario for the reactor-class Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production project. Due to the smaller size of the machine, with a major radius less than half that of most DEMO concepts, the current design features a double-null divertor geometry, comprising tightly baffled extended outer legs and shorter inner legs approaching an X-divertor. Leveraging a significant database of SOLPS-ITER simulations, the exhaust operational space is mapped out, offering valuable insights into the plasma exhaust dynamics. An approach involving the validation of simple, yet robust models capable of accurately predicting key exhaust parameters is detailed, thereby streamlining the design process. The simple models are used to simulate the entire plasma scenario from the plasma current ramp-up, through the burning phase, to the plasma current ramp-down. Notably, the findings suggest that pronounced detachment, with peak heat loads below engineering limits and electron temperatures below 5 eV, is achievable with a divertor neutral pressure between 10 Pa and 15 Pa during the burning phase, and pressures below 5 Pa during the ramp-up to maximise the auxiliary current-drive efficiency. Throughout the scenario, an Ar concentration of

≈

3

% in the scrape-off layer (SOL) is required, in combination with a core radiation fraction of 70% driven by intrinsic emission and extrinsic injection of Xe seeded fuelling pellets. However, significant uncertainties remain regarding key parameters such as the SOL heat flux width, Ar screening, and plasma kinetic effects.
Sentinel-2A imaging in mapping greenhouse rose production and rainwater harvesting for agricultural irrigation use
Authors: Cachipuendo Charles , Sandoval Catalina , Sandoval Jorge
Published: November 2024

Agricultural production within controlled environments, such as rose cultivation, has traditionally followed the principles of a linear economy focused on maximizing crop yields through increased evapotranspiration. This approach significantly elevates water consumption throughout the year, leading to water scarcity and pollution in various regions. In this context, this study aims to assess the expansion of areas designated for production and the volume of rainwater captured by the roofs of floral greenhouses. The study was conducted in the Pisque River basin in Ecuador from 2016 to 2023. Using remote sensing techniques, the increase in greenhouse areas was quantified, water capture was measured in two types of greenhouses through rainfall simulations, and water requirements were calculated using the Penman-Monteith method. Results indicate a 70% increase in flower production, particularly in the upper and middle basin communities, with a notable rise following the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 5,473.54 hectares of greenhouses were identified, which can capture rainwater with 93% efficiency, thereby meeting 35% of the annual water needs for crop irrigation. The study concludes that capturing, storing, and utilizing rainwater in rose production is viable and facilitates the transition from a linear to a circular economy.
Dynamic simulation of roll bond PVT solar collector under Simulink/Matlab
Authors: Brahim Taoufik , Abdelati Riadh , Jemni Abdelmajid
Published: November 2024

This paper presents an innovative methodology to investigate dynamic roll bond PVT solar systems under real-world operational weather conditions using the Simulink/Matlab environment. The method is based on the MPPT electrical model of the solar cell and the differential energy equations of PVT at each of its layers. The effect of PV operating temperature, mass flow rate, and insulation medium on overall PVT thermal performance are all thoroughly examined. Results reveal that the annual average power delivered, in terms of both heat and electricity, is 352.8 W and 34.08 W, respectively. Furthermore, the addition of an insulating layer could lead to a significant improvement in PVT overall effectiveness. The present work offers a simple and flexible integration tool for roll bond PVT system simulation.
Mechanical and dynamic response of epoxy based pineapple/flax fiber composites reinforced with steel and nylon wire meshes
Authors: Rajamurugan G , Raja Promoth , Ramakrishnan  , Krishna Pavan , Raj Jesulin , Elayaraja R
Published: November 2024

This research investigates the mechanical and vibrational behaviour of a new class of hybrid composites. These composites utilize pineapple, flax fibers, nylon mesh, stainless steel wire mesh, and an epoxy resin matrix. For this experiment, three distinct composite samples of Pineapple/nylon mesh/Pineapple/wire mesh/pineapple (S1), Pineapple/nylon mesh/Flax/wire mesh/pineapple (S2), and Flax/nylon mesh/flax/wire mesh/flax (S3) were fabricated using a hand layup process. Mechanical properties, including hardness, impact resistance, flexural strength, and tensile strength, are evaluated according to established ASTM protocols. Additionally, free vibration studies are conducted under both clamp-clamp and clamp-free conditions. This study is expected to divulge a significant influence of fiber arrangement and composition on the mechanical properties of the composites. The S3 composites exhibited a 13.88% increase in tensile strength when compared to the other two composites (i.e., S1 and S2). This enhancement is attributed to the inclusion of flax fiber at both ends and at the center of the composite. Flax fibers not only possess desirable inherent qualities but also demonstrates strong adhesion to the nylon and stainless-steel wire mesh and S3 composites achieved the highest flexural strength due to its inherent flexibility and excellent bonding properties of the flax layers. Furthermore, the effective bonding between the center flax layer and the surrounding mesh in S2 composites contributed to its maximum impact resistance and hardness. Composite S3 unveiled higher rigidity in both unconstrained (241.3 Hz) and constrained (220.6 Hz) states. The Mode III vibration characteristics were found to be extremely sensitive in evaluating the stiffness properties of the composites.
Self-reconfigurable multifunctional memristive nociceptor for intelligent robotics
Authors: Wang Shengbo , Fang Mingchao , Song Lekai , Li Cong , Zhang Jian , Nathan Arokia , Hu Guohua , Gao Shuo
Published: November 2024

Artificial nociceptors, mimicking human-like stimuli perception, are of significance for intelligent robotics to work in hazardous and dynamic scenarios. One of the most essential characteristics of the human nociceptor is its self-adjustable attribute, which indicates that the threshold of determination of a potentially hazardous stimulus relies on environmental knowledge. This critical attribute has been currently omitted, but it is highly desired for artificial nociceptors. Inspired by these shortcomings, this article presents, for the first time, a self-directed channel memristor-based self-reconfigurable nociceptor, capable of perceiving hazardous pressure stimuli under different temperatures and demonstrates key features of tactile nociceptors, including ‘threshold,’ ‘no-adaptation,’ and ‘sensitization.’ The maximum amplification of hazardous external stimuli is 1000%, and its response characteristics dynamically adapt to current temperature conditions by automatically altering the generated modulation schemes for the memristor. The maximum difference ratio of the response of memristors at different temperatures is 500%, and this adaptability closely mimics the functions of biological tactile nociceptors, resulting in accurate danger perception in various conditions. Beyond temperature adaptation, this memristor-based nociceptor has the potential to integrate different sensory modalities by applying various sensors, thereby achieving human-like perception capabilities in real-world environments.
Plant-inspired surfaces and interfaces for sustainable technologies
Authors: Wijerathne Binodhya , Liao Ting , Jiang Xudong , Zhou Juan , Sun Ziqi
Published: November 2024

The flora and fauna in nature endow the Earth with a flourishing scene of prosperity with their diverse appearances, colors and patterns, constituting common biopolymers and biominerals. The principles of construction of manifold structures and functionalities from fundamental building blocks in flora and fauna have inspired materials scientists to innovate artificial materials with superior properties and performance. Specifically, florae present numerous minute structures established from elementary blocks of lignin, cellulose, pectin and hemicellulose to induce extraordinary demands to survive in extremely diverse environments on Earth. In this review, we introduce the robust material properties and thought-provoking functionalities of plants, such as super-wettability, liquid/ion transport properties, actuation properties, etc. Then, we summarize the intriguing inspiration in the development of artificial superstructures, self-cleaning surfaces and responsive structures for applications in energy harvesting and generation, electrochemical energy storage, environmental cleaning and remediation, and strong and tough mechanical components. It is expected that some principles of how minute structures and functionalities of plants construct extraordinary capabilities and properties that could be extracted from the current progress and some insight could be offered for future material innovations by learning the best from nature.
Descent and cyclotomic redshift for chromatically localized algebraic 𝐾-theory
Authors: Ben-Moshe Shay , Carmeli Shachar , Schlank Tomer , Yanovski Lior
Published: November 2024

We prove that

T
(
n
+
1
)

T(n+1)

-localized algebraic

K
K

-theory satisfies descent for

π
\pi

-finite

p
p

-group actions on stable

∞
\infty

-categories of chromatic height up to

n
n

, extending a result of Clausen–Mathew–Naumann–Noel for finite

p
p

-groups. Using this, we show that it sends

T
(
n
)

T(n)

-local Galois extensions to

T
(
n
+
1
)

T(n+1)

-local Galois extensions. Furthermore, we show that it sends cyclotomic extensions of height

n
n

to cyclotomic extensions of height

n
+
1

n+1

, extending a result of Bhatt–Clausen–Mathew for

n
=
0

n=0

. As a consequence, we deduce that

K
(
n
+
1
)

K(n+1)

-localized

K
K

-theory satisfies hyperdescent along the cyclotomic tower of any

T
(
n
)

T(n)

-local ring. Counterexamples to such cyclotomic hyperdescent for

T
(
n
+
1
)

T(n+1)

-localized

K
K

-theory were constructed by Burklund, Hahn, Levy and the third author, thereby disproving the telescope conjecture.
New Frontiers of Legal Integration: Developing the Regulatory Framework of the Greater Bay Area
Authors: Migliorini Sara , Matias Célia
Published: November 2024

This special issue collects the insights and discussions that emerged during a conference held at the Faculty of Law of the University of Macau in May 2022. As the Greater Bay Area (GBA) evolves into a pivotal hub for economic development, it also presents a unique opportunity to explore the complexities of juxtaposing diverse legal systems within a single sovereign State. This collection of contributions from leading scholars and practitioners seeks to address the multifaceted legal challenges and opportunities inherent in the GBA’s development, focusing on topics of regulatory law. By examining these themes, we aim to foster a deeper understanding of how regulatory frameworks can be shaped to enhance cross-border cooperation and openness while respecting the distinct legal traditions of the region.
Cardiovascular status in endogenous cortisol excess: the prospective CV-CORT-EX study
Authors: Morbach Caroline , Detomas Mario , Sahiti Floran , Hoffmann Kristina , Kroiss Matthias , Gelbrich Götz , Frantz Stefan , Hahner Stefanie , Heuschmann Peter Ulrich , Fassnacht Martin , Störk Stefan , Deutschbein Timo
Published: November 2024

Objective

Cushing's syndrome (CS) results in increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Subtype-specific differences and possible reversibility after biochemical cure are not well investigated.

Design

Prospective cohort study evaluating the CV status in different forms of endogenous cortisol excess.

Methods

Patients with overt CS (n = 40, 47 ± 13 years, 75% women; 18 pituitary, 13 adrenal, and 9 ectopic), biochemically cured CS (n = 56, 53 ± 12 years, 79% women; 30 pituitary, 21 adrenal, and 5 ectopic), and adrenal incidentalomas with mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) (n = 18, 62 ± 11 years, 56% women) underwent comprehensive biochemical, metabolic, and CV assessment. Results were compared with a representative sample of the general population of Würzburg (n = 4965, 55 ± 12 years, 52% women).

Results

Overt CS was associated with left ventricular (LV) remodeling along with hypertrophy and impaired longitudinal systolic/diastolic function at echocardiography. In 20 CS patients followed for a median of 8 (quartiles: 6, 11) months after biochemical remission, hypertension, and hyperglycemia were better controlled, while cardiac alterations only partially improved. Patients with previous CS (median time of biochemical remission: 95 [36, 201] months) had worse diastolic function than the general population (LV relaxation velocity e′ 0.08 [0.07, 0.10] ms−1 vs 0.10 [0.08, 0.12] ms−1, P < .001). In MACS, cardiac remodeling was even more pronounced than in individuals with metabolic syndrome.

Conclusions

In patients with overt CS, cured CS, and MACS, we found a sizable and significant deviation from the general population mean regarding cardiac structure and function. Even mild cortisol excess is associated with glucocorticoid-induced cardiac alterations, which appear to persist despite long-term biochemical remission.
Targeted multiplex proteomics for the development and validation of biomarkers in primary aldosteronism subtyping
Authors: Zhou Fangli , Ding Yun , Chen Tao , Tang Qiming , Zhang Jingjing , Thyparambil Sheeno , Jin Bo , Han Zhi , Chou C James , Schilling James , Luo Ruben Y , Tian Haoming , Sylvester Karl G , Whitin John C , Cohen Harvey J , McElhinney Doff B , Tian Li , Ling Xuefeng B , Ren Yan
Published: November 2024

Objective

Primary aldosteronism (PA), a significant cause of secondary hypertension affecting ∼10% of patients with severe hypertension, exacerbates cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular complications even after blood pressure control. PA is categorized into two main subtypes: unilateral aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA) and bilateral hyperaldosteronism (BHA), each requiring distinct treatment approaches. Accurate subtype classification is crucial for selecting the most effective treatment. The goal of this study was to develop novel blood-based proteomic biomarkers to differentiate between APA and BHA subtypes in patients with PA.

Design and Methods

Five subtyping differential protein biomarker candidates (APOC3, CD56, CHGA, KRT5, and AZGP1) were identified through targeted proteomic profiling of plasma. The subtyping efficiency of these biomarkers was assessed at both the tissue gene expression and blood protein expression levels. To explore the underlying biology of APA and BHA, significant differential pathways were investigated.

Results

The five-protein panel proved highly effective in distinguishing APA from BHA in both tissue and blood samples. By integrating these five protein biomarkers with aldosterone and renin, our blood-based predictive methods achieved remarkable receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the ROC curves of 0.986 (95% CI: 0.963-1.000) for differentiating essential hypertension from PA, and 0.922 (95% CI: 0.846-0.998) for subtyping APA versus BHA. These outcomes surpass the performance of the existing Kobayashi score subtyping system. Furthermore, the study validated differential pathways associated with the pathophysiology of PA, aligning with current scientific knowledge and opening new avenues for advancing PA care.

Conclusions

The new blood-based biomarkers for PA subtyping hold the potential to significantly enhance clinical utility and advance the practice of PA care.
The pathway to health in all policies through intersectoral collaboration on the health workforce: a scoping review
Authors: Tancred Tara , Caffrey Margaret , Falkenbach Michelle , Raven Joanna
Published: November 2024

The health workforce (HWF) is a critical component of the health sector. Intersectoral/multisectoral collaboration and action is foundational to strengthening the HWF, enabling responsiveness to dynamic population health demands and supporting broader goals around social and economic development—such development underpins the need for health in all policies (HiAP). To identify what can be learned from intersectoral/multisectoral activity for HWF strengthening to advance HiAP, we carried out a scoping review. Our review included both peer-reviewed and grey literature. Search terms encompassed terminology for the HWF, intersectoral/multisectoral activities and governance or management. We carried out a framework analysis, extracting data around different aspects of HiAP implementation. With the aim of supporting action to advance HiAP, our analysis identified core recommendations for intersectoral/multisectoral collaboration for the HWF, organized as a ‘pathway to HiAP’. We identified 93 documents—67 (72%) were journal articles and 26 (28%) were grey literature. Documents reflected a wide range of country and regional settings. The majority (80, 86%) were published within the past 10 years, reflecting a growing trend in publications on the topic of intersectoral/multisectoral activity for the HWF. From our review and analysis, we identified five areas in the ‘pathway to HiAP’: ensure robust coordination and leadership; strengthen governance and policy-making and implementation capacities; develop intersectoral/multisectoral strategies; build intersectoral/multisectoral information systems and identify transparent, resources financing and investment opportunities. Each has key practical and policy implications. Although we introduce a ‘pathway’, the relationship between the areas is not linear, rather, they both influence and are influenced by one another, reflecting their shared importance. Underscoring this ‘pathway’ is the shared recognition of the importance of intersectoral/multisectoral activity, shared vision and political will. Advancing health ‘for’ all policies—generating evidence about best practices to identify and maximize co-benefits across sectors—is a next milestone.
A process evaluation of a family planning, livelihoods and conservation project in Rukiga, Western Uganda
Authors: Beare Megan , Muhumuza Richard , Namanya Gift , Mayhew Susannah H
Published: November 2024

Although Population–Health–Environment (PHE) approaches have been implemented and studied for several decades, there are limited data on whether, how and why they work. This study provides a process evaluation of the ‘Healthy Wetlands for the Cranes and People of Rukiga, Uganda’ project, implemented by an NGO–local hospital consortium. This programme involved a research design element, testing two delivery modalities to understand the added benefit of integrating conservation, livelihoods and human health interventions, compared to delivering sector support services separately (as is more usual). The process evaluation sought to understand how the programme was implemented, the mechanisms of impact, how it was shaped by the context in which it was delivered and whether there were discernable differences across the two delivery arms. Methods involved key informant interviews with implementing staff and community educators, a review of programme documents and secondary qualitative analysis of interviews and focus groups with community members. The findings include a statistically significant increase in the reach of the programme, in both service delivery and sensitization activities, when the sectors were fully integrated. It appears that this comparative advantage of integration is because of the improved acceptability and motivation among stakeholders, and increased initiative (and agency) taken by community-based peer educators and community members. We argue that the ‘software’ of the programme underpins these mechanisms of impact: trust-based relationships embedded in the system enabled coordinated leadership, supported local staff agency and encouraged motivation.
Adding sugar to children’s beverages: a theory of planned behavior study of Lebanese mothers
Authors: Abdel Rahman Abir , Kassem Nada O F , Edwards Marc Lewis Emrys , Abdallah Bahia , Abdel Malak Rana
Published: November 2024

This study, guided by the theory of planned behavior (TPB), aimed to investigate whether attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control can predict parents’ intentions to reduce or stop adding sugar to their child’s beverages, such as tea or milk. The research also seeks to determine the predictive power of the TPB on the actual behavior of parents in reducing or halting sugar intake in their children’s drinks. A questionnaire was developed to assess sweetening beverage behavior variables by mothers of children aged 3–7 years attending Lebanese public schools, with 184 responses retained with no missing values for analysis. Regression analysis was utilized to examine determinants of self-reported practice and intentions regarding sweetening beverages. Results showed that attitude and perceived behavioral control were significant predictors of intention to reduce or stop adding sugar to a child's beverages. The perception of behavioral control was found to predict the behavior of adding sugar to a child’s beverages, even though the intention to reduce or stop did not. The study findings suggest that individuals with low perceived behavioral control and strong habits would be more likely to be actual performers of the adding sugar behavior regardless of their intention level. When adding sugar to a child’s beverages is a common parental habit in low-income Lebanese families, our findings offer valuable insights for developing culturally and socially tailored health promotion strategies to reduce or stop adding sugar to children’s beverages and raise parental awareness about the health risks associated with excessive sugar consumption in children.
Modelling the evolution of an ice sheet’s weathering crust
Authors: Woods Tilly , Hewitt Ian J
Published: November 2024

The weathering crust is a layer of porous ice that can form at the surface of an ice sheet. It grows and decays in response changing weather and climate conditions, affecting the albedo, the melt rate and the transport of meltwater across the surface. To understand this behaviour, we seek time-dependent solutions to a continuum, thermodynamic model for the porosity, temperature and thickness of the weathering crust, and the internal and surface melt rates. We find solutions using a numerical enthalpy method, presented in this study. We use idealized ‘switching’ and sinusoidal forcings to explore the different dynamics exhibited during growth and decay, the timescales involved, and the impact of diurnal vs. annual variations. The results demonstrate qualitative agreement with observations, and provide insight into the relative importance of different surface heat fluxes during the growth and decay of the crust. The model therefore provides a useful tool for exploring the response of the weathering crust to climate change.
Surgery and the first 8000 days of life: a review
Authors: Seyi-Olajide Justina , Ali Abdelbasit , Powell Jr. William F , Samad Lubna , Banu Tahmina , Abdelhafeez Hafeez , Maswime Salome , Abbas Alizeh , Ademuyiwa Adesoji , Ameh Emmanuel A , Abib Simone , Aziz Tasmiah , Bickler Stephen , Bundy Donald , Chowdhury Tanvir K , Echeto Maria A , Evans Faye , Gathuya Zipporah , Gray Rebecca , Hodges Sarah , Jamison Dean , Klazura Greg , Lakhoo Kokila , Martin Benjamin , Meara John , Nabukenya Mary , Newton Mark , Ozgediz Doruk , Rai Ekta , Philipo Godfrey S , Sykes Alicia , Yap Ava
Published: November 2024

The first 8000 days of life, from birth to adulthood, encompasses critical phases that shape a child's health and development. While global health efforts have focused on the first 1000 days, the next 7000 days (ages 2–21) are equally vital, especially concerning the unmet burden of surgical conditions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Approximately 1.7 billion children globally lack access to essential surgical care, with LMICs accounting for 85% of these unmet needs. Common surgical conditions, including congenital anomalies, injuries, infections, and pediatric cancers, often go untreated, contributing to significant mortality and disability. Despite the substantial need, LMICs face severe workforce and infrastructure shortages, with most pediatric surgical conditions requiring specialized skills, equipment, and tailored healthcare systems. Economic analyses have shown that pediatric surgical interventions are cost-effective, with substantial societal benefits. Expanding surgical care for children in LMICs demands investments in workforce training, infrastructure, and health systems integration, complemented by innovative funding and equitable global partnerships. Prioritizing surgical care within national health policies and scaling up children's surgery through initiatives like the Optimal Resources for Children's Surgical Care can improve health outcomes, align with Sustainable Development Goals, and foster equity in global health. Addressing the surgical care gap in LMICs will reduce preventable mortality, enhance quality of life, and drive sustainable growth, emphasizing surgery as an essential component of universal health coverage for children.
Genetic parameters of functional longevity and associated traits in Italian Charolais and Limousine breeds
Authors: Callegaro Simone , Tiezzi Francesco , Maltecca Christian , Fabbri Maria Chiara , Bozzi Riccardo
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters of stayability (STAY) at different calvings using a single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) approach, comparing Gaussian-linear and threshold models in Italian Charolais and Limousine beef cattle. It also examined the genetic relationship between STAY and other traits to identify potential indicators of longevity and assessed the impact of STAY selection on economically important traits. STAY, a key trait for farm profitability, is defined as the probability of a cow surviving and remaining productive in the herd until a determined age. We evaluated STAY from the second to third calving and subsequent intervals (e.g., STAY23, STAY78), along with two fertility traits and several conformation traits. Data included 47,362 Limousine cows and 9,174 Charolais cows from 2,471 to 1,774 herds, respectively, born between 1977 and 2023. Analyses were performed fitting univariate threshold and Gaussian-linear animal models to estimate genetic parameters for STAY traits (STAY2 to STAY8) using ssGBLUP. Also, bivariate models were used to estimate genetic correlations between STAY and fertility and conformation traits. Heritabilities for STAY ranged from 0.13 to 0.11 and from 0.21 to 0.14 for Limousine, and from 0.14 to 0.11 and from 0.21 to 0.19 for Charolais, using Gaussian-linear and threshold models, respectively. Significant re-ranking of genotyped sires based on STAY traits was observed, particularly for more distant calvings (STAY8) compared to earlier ones (STAY3), indicating that STAY traits are genetically distinct. Genetic correlations were positive between STAY and conformation traits for Limousine. In Charolais, many traits were uncorrelated, but some conformation traits showed positive correlations, except for rump convexity, which had negative correlations with STAY. In conclusion, the heritability estimates of STAY suggests that genetic improvement for longevity in Limousine and Charolais herds is feasible. Selecting sires with consistently high genomic breeding values for STAY across early and late calvings highlights the importance of long-term longevity. Genetic correlations indicate that selection based on conformation traits could enhance herd survival by improving cow resilience for the Limousine. Instead for the Charolais some conformation traits showed positive correlations with STAY, while rump convexity had negative association, potentially affecting longevity.
Cellular senescence: mechanisms and relevance to cancer and aging
Authors: Yamauchi Shota , Takahashi Akiko
Published: November 2024

Cellular senescence is an irreversible cell cycle arrest induced by stresses such as telomere shortening and oncogene activation. It acts as a tumor suppressor mechanism that prevents the proliferation of potentially tumorigenic cells. Paradoxically, senescent stromal cells that arise in the tumor microenvironment have been shown to promote tumor progression. In addition, senescent cells that accumulate in vivo over time are thought to contribute to aging and age-related diseases. These deleterious effects of senescent cells involve the secretion of bioactive molecules such as inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, a phenomenon known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. While the role of cellular senescence in vivo is becoming increasingly clear, the intracellular signaling pathways that induce the expression of senescent phenotypes are not fully understood. In this review, we outline senescence-associated signaling pathways and their relevance to cancer and aging.
Transposable element accumulation drives genome size increase in Hylesia metabus (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), an urticating moth species from South America
Authors: Perrier Charles , Allio Rémi , Legeai Fabrice , Gautier Mathieu , Bénéluz Frédéric , Marande William , Theron Anthony , Rodde Nathalie , Herrera Melfran , Sauné Laure , Parrinello Hugues , McClure Melanie , Arias Mónica
Published: November 2024

We present the first nuclear genome assembly and a complete mitogenome for Hylesia metabus (Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Saturniidae). The assembled nuclear genome sequence is 1,271 Mb long, which is among the 10 largest lepidopteran genome assemblies published to date. It is scaffolded in 31 pseudo chromosomes, has a BUSCO score of 99.5%, and has a highly conserved synteny compared with phylogenetically close species. Repetitive elements make up 67% of the nuclear genome and are mainly located in intergenic regions, among which LINEs were predominant, with CR1-Zenon being the most abundant. Phylogenetic and comparative analyses of H. metabus assembly and 17 additional Saturniidae and Sphingidae assemblies suggested that an accumulation of repetitive elements likely led to the increased size of H. metabus’ genome. Gene annotation using Helixer identified 26,122 transcripts. The Z scaffold was identified using both a synteny analysis and variations of coverage for two resequenced male and female H. metabus. The H. metabus nuclear genome and mitogenome assemblies can be found and browsed on the BIPAA website and constitute useful resources for future population and comparative genomics studies.
Associations of physical activity and sedentary time with psychological distress among Japan self-defense forces personnel dispatched overseas: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Noguchi Norihito , Shoji Kotaro , Sasai Hiroyuki , Kitano Masato , Waki Fumiko , Edo Naoki , Saito Taku , Sawamura Takehito , Nagamine Masanori
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Physical inactivity and sedentary time can worsen mental health; however, their relationship remains elusive, and related evidence among workers with overseas assignments is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between changes in physical activity and sedentary time and explored the subsequent risk of psychological distress among Japan Self-Defense Forces personnel.

Methods

This prospective study enrolled male Japan Self-Defense Forces personnel dispatched to the Republic of Djibouti from May 2018 to June 2019. Psychological distress data were collected before and after overseas deployment. Physical activity and sedentary time data were obtained using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Psychological distress was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire 30. Mixed-effects modeling was performed to test associations between psychological distress and changes in sedentary time and physical activity.

Results

The cohort comprised 334 male Japan Self-Defense Forces personnel. The prevalence of psychological distress after deployment was 12.6%. The interaction of sedentary time and time was significantly associated with a greater psychological distress risk. Psychological distress was greater when sedentary time showed a large increase than when sedentary time showed less change during deployment. A greater increase in work-related physical activity from before to during deployment was associated with decreased psychological distress.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that a greater increase in sedentary time from before deployment to during deployment is associated with increased psychological distress after deployment. Healthcare professionals should recommend reducing sedentary time to improve mental health, especially after overseas deployments.
Surgical approach to management of oroantral communications. Case report
Authors: Salas Edgar , Ladino Luis Gabriel
Published: November 2024

One of the most frequent post-extraction complications of posterior maxillary teeth is oroantral communication, which consists of direct communication between the maxillary sinus and the oral cavity. The recommendation is to make an immediate closure within the first 48 hours to avoid possible complications that may include an oroantral fistula or chronic sinus disease. Currently, different techniques have been described for closing communication, including various types of materials. Some of the techniques are exclusively oriented toward closure, while others seek to achieve bone regeneration by using bone substitutes for the subsequent placement of dental implants. The aim of this study is to describe a simple surgical technique for managing oroantral communication using a collagen sponge with hydroxyapatite and ribose and covering it with overlapping double layers of ribose cross-linked collagen membrane without fixation.
European Banks and Multilevel Institutional Governance
Authors: Lo Schiavo Gianni
Published: November 2024

This chapter discusses the multilevel institutional governance of banks in the European Union (EU). It begins by looking at the theories behind institutional governance of banks in the EU. The chapter then presents the different levels of EU institutional governance, examining the main actors of EU decision-making and their internal bodies and rules of functioning. The European Banking Union is the most important framework, in which the European Central Bank and the Single Resolution Board play a key role. Meanwhile, there are mainly three institutional actors at the international level: the G-20, the Financial Stability Board, and the Bank of International Settlement, where the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision has the most relevant role for banking regulation. There are also other EU institutions, agencies, and bodies that play a key role in EU banking regulation and supervision, having certain tasks and powers impacting the supranational framework.
New Frontiers in EU Banking Regulation
Authors: Lo Schiavo Gianni
Published: November 2024

This chapter explores some critical areas of banking regulation that can be considered new frontiers, where the supranational EU banking framework shows relevant reform prospects and areas of challenges and opportunities. It begins by discussing the evolution of digital innovation and Fintech as a new form of banking service provision and functioning. The chapter then considers the impact of the ESG (environmental, social, and governance) and the Green Deal EU agenda on banking regulation. It also looks at the main challenges of Brexit from a European banking law and policy perspective and the need to understand the implications of the UK departure for European banks in Europe. Finally, the chapter examines the intersection between EU banking regulation and central banking tasks.
Introduction
Authors: Wood Michael , Sender Omri
Published: November 2024

This introductory chapter recalls that even though the international legal system remains heavily dependent on customary international law, determining the existence and content of customary rules is not always straightforward. It then explains the aim of the present book, which seeks to complement the work of the International Law Commission on ‘Identification of customary international law’ by offering greater detail and analysis for those with the time or need to dig deeper, including in respect of several matters not covered by the Commission’s work. The chapter also explains why there is a need for a rigorous approach to identifying customary international law, and the importance of using accurate terminology. customary international law
Acceptance as Law (Opinio Juris)
Authors: Wood Michael , Sender Omri
Published: November 2024

This chapter considers in detail the constituent element of acceptance as law (opinio juris), discussing its meaning and role in the development and determination of customary international law. The chapter highlights the distinction between acceptance as law and other motives that may underlie a practice. It explains whose acceptance as law is to be ascertained for a practice to be considered a right or obligation under customary international law. It also elaborates on the variety of ways in which acceptance as law may be evidenced, in relation to both States and, where relevant, international organizations. customary international law
The Significance of Treaties for the Identification of Customary International Law
Authors: Wood Michael , Sender Omri
Published: November 2024

This chapter examines the significance of treaties for the identification of customary international law, demonstrating that these two primary sources of international law do not exist in sealed compartments. It explains that a rule set forth in a treaty may sometimes codify, crystallize, or generate a corresponding rule of customary international law, and points to several considerations that need to guide an inquiry into whether this had occurred in any particular case. The chapter also considers the potential significance of a series of similar treaty provisions as evidence of customary international law.customary international law
UniProt: the Universal Protein Knowledgebase in 2025
Authors:   The UniProt Consortium, Bateman Alex , Martin Maria-Jesus , Orchard Sandra , Magrane Michele , Adesina Aduragbemi , Ahmad Shadab , Bowler-Barnett Emily H , Bye-A-Jee Hema , Carpentier David , Denny Paul , Fan Jun , Garmiri Penelope , Gonzales Leonardo Jose da Costa , Hussein Abdulrahman , Ignatchenko Alexandr , Insana Giuseppe , Ishtiaq Rizwan , Joshi Vishal , Jyothi Dushyanth , Kandasaamy Swaathi , Lock Antonia , Luciani Aurelien , Luo Jie , Lussi Yvonne , Marin Juan Sebastian Martinez , Raposo Pedro , Rice Daniel L , Santos Rafael , Speretta Elena , Stephenson James , Totoo Prabhat , Tyagi Nidhi , Urakova Nadya , Vasudev Preethi , Warner Kate , Wijerathne Supun , Yu Conny Wing-Heng , Zaru Rossana , Bridge Alan J , Aimo Lucila , Argoud-Puy Ghislaine , Auchincloss Andrea H , Axelsen Kristian B , Bansal Parit , Baratin Delphine , Batista Neto Teresa M , Blatter Marie-Claude , Bolleman Jerven T , Boutet Emmanuel , Breuza Lionel , Gil Blanca Cabrera , Casals-Casas Cristina , Echioukh Kamal Chikh , Coudert Elisabeth , Cuche Beatrice , de Castro Edouard , Estreicher Anne , Famiglietti Maria L , Feuermann Marc , Gasteiger Elisabeth , Gaudet Pascale , Gehant Sebastien , Gerritsen Vivienne , Gos Arnaud , Gruaz Nadine , Hulo Chantal , Hyka-Nouspikel Nevila , Jungo Florence , Kerhornou Arnaud , Mercier Philippe Le , Lieberherr Damien , Masson Patrick , Morgat Anne , Paesano Salvo , Pedruzzi Ivo , Pilbout Sandrine , Pourcel Lucille , Poux Sylvain , Pozzato Monica , Pruess Manuela , Redaschi Nicole , Rivoire Catherine , Sigrist Christian J A , Sonesson Karin , Sundaram Shyamala , Sveshnikova Anastasia , Wu Cathy H , Arighi Cecilia N , Chen Chuming , Chen Yongxing , Huang Hongzhan , Laiho Kati , Lehvaslaiho Minna , McGarvey Peter , Natale Darren A , Ross Karen , Vinayaka C R , Wang Yuqi , Zhang Jian
Published: November 2024

The aim of the UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProtKB; https://www.uniprot.org/) is to provide users with a comprehensive, high-quality and freely accessible set of protein sequences annotated with functional information. In this publication, we describe ongoing changes to our production pipeline to limit the sequences available in UniProtKB to high-quality, non-redundant reference proteomes. We continue to manually curate the scientific literature to add the latest functional data and use machine learning techniques. We also encourage community curation to ensure key publications are not missed. We provide an update on the automatic annotation methods used by UniProtKB to predict information for unreviewed entries describing unstudied proteins. Finally, updates to the UniProt website are described, including a new tab linking protein to genomic information. In recognition of its value to the scientific community, the UniProt database has been awarded Global Core Biodata Resource status.
Watch-and-wait approach versus adjuvant treatment after radical awake resection in selected adult-type grade 3 gliomas, isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant: A case-matched cohort
Authors: Elia Angela , Roux Alexandre , Trancart Bénédicte , Moiraghi Alessandro , Seneca Maimiti , Dezamis Edouard , Varlet Pascale , Chretien Fabrice , Oppenheim Catherine , Zanello Marc , Pallud Johan
Published: November 2024

Background

Following large resection, proposing a watch-and-wait strategy in selected grade 3 glioma, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant patients is an emerging practice. We compared the watch-and-wait approach to the standard postoperative adjuvant oncological treatment for grade 3 gliomas, IDH-mutant.

Methods

Observational, retrospective, single-institution cohort (2011–2023) of 106 consecutive adult patients harboring supratentorial grade 3 gliomas, IDH-mutant treated by maximal awake resection and who received a watch-and-wait approach (surgery group) or an adjuvant oncological treatment (oncological group) postoperatively. Case-matched analysis (1:1) criteria between the surgery group and oncological group: extent of resection, tumor volume, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score, tumor location and size, and age.

Results

Patients of the surgery group (n = 26) had significantly better KPS scores, less preoperative neurological and/or neurocognitive deficits, less hyperperfusion, less corpus callosum infiltration, smaller tumor volume, higher rate of total resection, and smaller residual tumor than patients of the oncological group (n = 80). The 5-year progression-free survival (66.2 vs. 77.9 months, P = .713) and the 5-year overall survival (88.9 vs. 83.9 months, P = .291) did not differ between surgery and oncological groups. In the whole series, a preoperative KPS score >70, a total resection, and the oligodendroglioma subtype were independent predictors of longer progression-free survival and overall survival. After case matching, no difference in survival was observed between watch-and-wait and oncological treatment both in astrocytomas (n = 14 per group) and oligodendrogliomas (n = 12 per group).

Conclusions

Watch-and-wait following radical resection appears to be feasible in highly selected grade 3 gliomas, IDH-mutant patients without impairing survival both in astrocytoma and in oligodendroglioma subgroups.
Time-Dependent Evolution And Source Heterogeneities of Ocean Island Basalts From a Weak Plume, São Jorge, Azores
Authors: Marzoli Andrea , Madeira José , Mata João , De Min Angelo , da Silveira Antònio Brum , Youbi Nasrrddine , Silva Pedro , Bertrand Hervé , Chiaradia Massimo , Jourdan Fred , Meyzen Christine M , Callegaro Sara
Published: November 2024

The geochemical composition of ocean island basalts (OIBs) from the Azores (AZ) reflects the spatial distribution, shape and temporal evolution of small-scale geochemical heterogeneities within their mantle plume source. Here, we investigate the time-related evolution of volcanism at São Jorge Island, Central AZ. New field observations, a magnetic survey, 40Ar/39Ar and 14C ages and geochemical data indicate that the fissural volcanic activity at São Jorge produced at least four main mafic volcanic complexes (V. C.). The oldest V. C., São João, produced the thickest lava piles at ca. 1.3 Ma in the eastern part of the island. After a period of quiescence, the Serra do Topo V. C. was produced at ca. 0.8–0.5 Ma in the central part of the island. The Rosais V. C. was emplaced between ca. 0.4 and 0.1 Ma on the entire island. Finally, the Holocene Manadas V.C. volcanism became active in the western part of the island and includes three historic eruptions (1580, 1808 and 1964 CE).

Magmas were formed at low melting degrees from a peridotitic mantle with possible minor contributions of recycled components. Olivine compositions and whole-rock trace element ratios discard a significant contribution from pyroxenitic source rocks. Melting temperatures (ca. 1420–1480 °C) were slightly higher than those of the ambient upper mantle. The four V.C. are characterized by distinct geochemical compositions in terms of incompatible trace elements and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic ratios. The oldest V.C., São João, is characterized by Pb isotopic compositions (e.g. markedly negative Δ7/4 and 8/4 values) plotting well below the Northern Hemisphere Reference Line (NHRL). The Upper Pleistocene (Rosais V.C.) lavas from the north-western cliffs have compositions similar to enriched mantle (EM) end-member basalts (e.g. high 207Pb/204Pb at moderate 206Pb/204Pb; high Ba/Nb), which are rare among northern hemisphere OIBs. Finally, high 206Pb/204Pb (up to 20), reflecting contribution from a HIMU-type component characterizes the Holocene Manadas lavas and is occasionally found in lavas from other VCs from 1.3 to 0.1 Ma. These findings indicate that magmas from São Jorge and the nearby Central AZ islands were sourced from a strongly heterogeneous mantle plume, which displayed localized filaments of heterogeneous material that were rapidly exhausted (in ca. 0.2 Ma). The dominant component at São Jorge and in the Central AZ in general appears to be the HIMU-type end-member, which instead is not significant in the Eastern AZ. Possibly, the Central and Eastern AZ were produced by distinct branches of the AZ mantle plume, as would also be consistent with previous tomographic studies.