bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of the Soviet Social Experiment of the 1920s in the Architectural Practice of Rostov-on-Don
Authors: Tokarev A G
Published: April 2020

With a birth of the Soviet state a new social system started to form which stimulated the search of new forms of living space and emerging of new types of buildings, such as transition-type houses, residential facilities and house-communes. These types of buildings have not been widely spread in real practice due to their utopian nature. However, the ideas of collective daily routine of the 1920s ended up viable and productive if not taken in radical forms. Thus, the architectural practice of one of the largest southern Russian cities Rostov-on-Don has managed to acquire reasonable balance which determined vitality of a new social idea of collective dwelling for many years to come.
Model of Organizational Behavior in a Hierarchical Structure
Authors: Smarzhevskiy I A , Solovev D B
Published: April 2020

Interaction between persons performing operational activities within hierarchical organizational structures depends upon their mutual perception. Since certain aspects of mutual perception are poorly measurable, it is required to apply simulation methods. The purpose of this study is to elaborate an agent-based model of the hierarchical structure involving persons, whose behavior is described in the concept of mutual perception previously formulated by the author, but also to carry out a simulation exercise that determines the correlation between mutual perception of agents and group productivity of operational activities.

The simulation exercise also concluded that provisions of the concept of mutual perception within the hierarchy remain valid, namely, those stipulating that behavior of agents is consistent with phenomena specific to organizational behavior: if operational commands are being issued on the basis of mutually positive relationships between superiors and subordinates, group productivity increases.

The tool developed (an agent-based model with its code and documents that are publicly available) can be used in further studies on organizational behavior within hierarchical structures.
Prospects for Sustainable Development of Kazan Considering the Assessment of Key Indicators
Authors: Maksimova O A , Ledashcheva T N , Shcherbakova N S
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to development of sustainable development recommendations of the city of Kazan, inclusive of the assessment of key indicators. Today, the development of sustainable development indicators for Russian cities is given little attention. Different author’s sustainable development indicators of large cities are characterized by general abstract criteria and have a universal character. Based on official sources, we carried out an assessment of Kazan on a condensed system of sustainable development indicators, proposed by the UN in 2001. Thus, we identified the priority socio-ecological and economic problems of Kazan and formulated it’s relevant sustainable development indicators. Then we made an assessment for the sustainability of the socio-ecological and economic development of Kazan. The prognosis of the socio-ecological and economic development of Kazan was simulated in the same manner by the indicators that we have identified for 2030. In conclusion, recommendations on sustainable development of Kazan were made.
The Study of the State of the World Ocean Areas Based on Modern Technologies for Processing and Analysing Data
Authors: Zakharova N B
Published: April 2020

This paper is devoted to the processing of hydrophysical data on the state of marine areas utilizing modern data processing technologies. Author uses Python programming language to process marine data. The results on the processing of the remote sensing data on the Baltic and the Black Seas surface temperature are presented in the study. Daily satellite data for the years 1982–2018 were processed using Python scripts for both water areas. The analysis of the obtained information was conducted with R programming language. This language supports a wide range of statistical and numerical methods and is convenient to use to determine the statistical characteristics of the studied quantities. Data analysis reveals statistically significant positive trend in the sea surface temperature (SST) values in the both studied water areas over the past decades. The paper has also analyzed the spatial variability of the surface temperature within considered areas. The analysis illustrates the temperature variability in certain areas of the sea and identifies areas with the highest rate of temperature increase. Conclusions are made on the usability of the programming languages for various data processing tasks.
Analysis of Protodyakonov’s Correlation Relationships between Indices of Strength Properties
Authors: Tsoi P A , Usol’tseva O M
Published: April 2020

Indices of strength properties are a mandatory indicators characterizing the mechanical behavior of rocks in the process of conducting civil and industrial geoengineering work. To assess the strength properties of rocks, both in-situ and laboratory test methods can be used, which have their pros and cons. The first are considered reliable and time consuming, the second - less time consuming and less reliable. The definition of the correlation dependences between the indices of strength properties was carried out by researchers all over the world, in particular, by outstanding Russian mining scientist Protodyakonov M. M. In this paper, some of its dependencies were analyzed and refined: compressive strength versus tensile strength, compressive strength versus shear strength, shear strength versus tensile strength, shear strength versus cohesion coefficient.
The Statistic Analyze of Stress-Corrosion Cracks on the Main Gas Pipeline Section
Authors: Moskovkina V N , Zagidulin R V
Published: April 2020

The information on the technical diagnostics problems for pipeline systems is given; the analysis of these problems is made. The ways of their solution are considered using non-destructive testing methods and technical means. According to the results of technical diagnostics, stress-corrosion cracks of natural (operational) wear, which arose in a section of a steel pipe cut from a gas pipeline, were investigated. Some parameters characterizing the distribution of stress-corrosion cracks on the metal surface of a steel pipe are given. The statistical dependences for the lengths of stress-corrosion cracks are obtained: 46% of cracks have a length of less than 1 mm, 50.7% of cracks have a length l from 1 mm to 6 mm, and less than 3% of cracks have a length from 6 mm to 26 mm. The statistical dependences for the distribution of intervals between adjacent stress-corrosion cracks in the metal were also obtained: more than 42% of cracks are located within an interval not exceeding 1 mm, more than 52% of cracks are located within an interval varying from 1 to 3 mm and about 5% of cracks are located within an interval varying from 3 to 5 mm and more.
The Study of Possibility of Stress-Corrosion Cracks Group Resolution by Eddy-Current Flaw Detector
Authors: Moskovkina V N , Zagidulin R V
Published: April 2020

The question on the possibilities of spatial resolution for a group of stress-corrosion cracks in the body of a steel pipe under eddy current control was considered. Using a VD-12NFP eddy current flaw detector, stress-corrosion cracks on specimens with artificial defects were investigated. Specimens were made according to the results of statistical studies of linear dimensions and the location of stress-corrosion cracks of operational origin in a section of the main gas pipeline. In the course of the research, it was revealed that it is possible to achieve sufficient spatial resolution for a group of stress-corrosion cracks in the pipe body using signals from a detachable eddy current probe (ECT) of the transformer type, which is part of the eddy current flaw detector. For this, the diameter of the probe core should not exceed the interval between adjacent defects in the group of cracks. The signal half width of the detachable eddy current probe installed above the defect is an informative parameter for the eddy current probe signals. It depends on the number of defects in the stress-corrosion crack group.
Newest Tectonics and Modern Geodynamics of Mining Industrial Areas of Central Kazakhstan
Authors: Abetov A E , Uzbekov A N , Grib N N , Imaev V I
Published: April 2020

The rapidly developing mining industry in the territory of Central Kazakhstan leads to emergence of near the areas of active mining of tangible earthquakes of technogenic genesis, which creates difficulties in their operation. Displays of irreversible changes in the state of rock mass with the development of new structures, active faults. The features of the formation of potentially dangerous areas of the occurrence of seismicity. We have considered one of the major factors the features of modern tectonics and modern geodynamics of ore-industrial facilities in Central Kazakhstan.

The shield of the young platform is a wide area protrusion of the basement of the epigercina platform, adjoining mountain-building area in the southeast, and in all other directions sinking under Mesozoic-Cenozoic deposits. Geomorphologically it is a vault, complicated by increases of a higher order with contrastingly expressed tectonic layers. The seismic events were concentrated on the boundaries of the active of passive blocks of the earth’s crust of Neogene-Quaternary tectonic activity of the Kazakh shield.

The active impact on the geological environment of industrial explosions will change the geodynamical activity and as consequence occurring technogenic earthquakes in the fields of central Kazakhstan.
Exodynamic Processes of the Coast in the South-Eastern Part of Crimea
Authors: Drygval A V , Stanis E V , Parakhina E A
Published: April 2020

The main exogenous geological processes developing in the coastal zone of the Karadag nature reserve are considered in this article. Karadag coastal zone – as a site with minimal anthropogenic impact, fully shows the nature of the development of natural processes in the coastal zone in the South-Eastern part of the Crimea. The article provides an overview of the exogenous geological processes considered by the authors in the field survey of the territory in the summer of 2018.
Taluses and Downfall Slopes as Geomorphological Refugia of Flora Relict Endemics of the Mountain Crimea and their Modern Phytoindication
Authors: Nikiforov A R , Nikiforova A A , Petlukova E A
Published: April 2020

In geomorphology, slopes are defined as any kind of irregularities of vertical and subhorizontal surface. A slope is an inclined part of the earth’s surface, which steepness is sufficient to determine further development of relief as a single geomorphological complex over its entire surface. There were given the being heterogeneous geomorphologic structures, slopes and their azonal landscapes and the reasons for peculiarities of the ecological environment, the link of some rare species to specific relief microforms have. The study of this phenomenon is important for geomorphology, paleogeography, phytocenology, elaboration of measures for protecting rare species (relics, endemics, relic endemics).
Methodology for Evaluating a Prevented Damage in Accidents at Energy Saturated Objects
Authors: Tumanov A Y , Ryabinina E P , Avdeeva M O , Tumanov V A
Published: April 2020

The topic of low-power nuclear power plants has been relevant for more than 50 years. They allow you to conduct electrical energy in remote areas, such as, for example, the Arctic, and to build stations with the possibility of mobile regulation in cases of emergency. Currently, the state corporation Rosatom has launched a broad propaganda about the prospects of these nuclear power plants and has stepped up the construction of the first floating nuclear thermal power plant, which is one of the variants of this type of nuclear power plants. The idea of creating this project has generated a mass of protests from environmental organizations.

In this paper, the scenario of a beyond design basis accident at a floating nuclear power plant is considered. Calculation of the damaging factors of this accident. The calculation of prevented damage was made using the existing methodology with some changes made for convenience of calculation, and a formula was introduced for comparing the costs of measures to prevent damage with the magnitude of this damage. The improved methodology can be used in the EMERCOM of Russia system for forecasting emergencies at the facility level. The introduction of this methodology and its practical application for the assessment of prevented damage will make it possible to predict the consequences of the occurrence of emergency situations on energy-saturated objects, objects with a massive presence of people.
Assessment of the Impact of Fires on the Steppe Phytocenoses of the Russian Federation
Authors: Kovalenko V S , Glebov V V , Kuliev G A , Mikhaylichenko K Yu , Solovev D B
Published: April 2020

Steppe zone in the Orenburg region is subject to a powerful anthropogenic load. Most of the territory of the steppes is plowed, and the rest of the land is adapted for pasture or is a Deposit. In addition, fires are a serious threat to the biodiversity of the region’s ecosystems. Fires affect the phytocenosis and cause substantial conversion of plant communities. The level of exposure may vary depending on the frequency of the fire, timing and intensity. In recent years, the spread of steppe fires in Russia and their frequency have acquired an extraordinary scale. The climatic conditions of the region (dry, hot summers and long atmospheric droughts) contribute to the spread of fires in large areas. In order to trace the restoration of steppe ecosystems after a fire we have investigated the dynamics of stocks of aboveground phytomass in the 2015-2017 periods, the article considers the initial stages of the leftover post-fire changes in grass communities (Festuca valesiaca, Stipa zalesskii, Artemisia austriaca, Herbae stepposae). Studies have shown how components of above-ground phytomass (live phytomass, rags, litter) accumulate and distribute in the community after a fire. A comparison with similar unburned grasses (Stipa zalesskii, Poa transbaicalica, Herbae stepposae) community with Spiraea crenata. The change of dominant species in the phytocenosis, reduction of the total projective cover in comparison with the control was revealed.
Complex Environment-Forming Phytotechnologies of the XXI Century: Successful Ecotechnological Solutions
Authors: Lyamina D S , Glebov V V
Published: April 2020

The risk factors of various diseases for the modern urban dweller are the environmental conditions of the environment, and above all the quality of the air. The aim of this work was to generalize the environmental innovations proposed as technological solutions for air purification using plants. Methods. The modern methods of greening urban space, allowing to solve environmental problems, including air purification of cities are analyzed. Results. Modern solutions of green architecture and different approaches to landscaping elements of urban areas are considered. It is shown how vegetation provides and regulates (within certain limits) the gas composition of the air, the degree of its pollution, improves the microclimatic characteristics of urban areas, reduces the influence of the noise factor and is a source of aesthetic relaxation, increases the comfort of living conditions in the city. Conclusion. The implementation and use of the technologies considered should involve specialists in various fields, conduct educational work and solve environmental problems in practice.
Chemical and Mineralogical Composition of Water-Bearing Materials of the Kuldur Geothermal Reservoir (Jewish Autonomous Region)
Authors: Lyamina L A , Kharitonova N A , Karabtsov A A
Published: April 2020

This article provides results of mineralogical and geochemical studies of granodiorites of the Kuldur low-mineralized thermal water reservoir. The site of geological and groundwater studies belongs to the Pionerskii massif located within the Lesser Khingan block of the Bureya compoite terrain. Granitoids of the Tyrma-Bureya assemblage in the Pionerskii massif are considered to have formed in the early Mesozoic era, not in the late Paleozoic era, as deemed before. Granitoids of the assemblage under study were likely formed in the geodynamic backdrop of the collision of the North Asian and Sino-Korean cratons.
Analysis of Longitudinal Stresses in Main Pipelines with a Long Operating Life
Authors: Askarov R M , Gumerov A K , Shamilov Kh Sh
Published: April 2020

With the advent of the possibility of determining the actual bending radius of long-operating main pipelines by pigging inline inspection tools, it became clear that up to 100% of trunk lines cannot provide elastic bend radius within the limits required. Assessing the that requirement for bending radius to be of not more than 1000D, it can certainly be considered justified in relation to construction of new trunk lines, but for most long-operating main pipelines, this requirement conflicts with its actual stress-strain state. Re-lay them for this reason, due to the scale of the problem is not possible. At the same time, a sharp increase in accident rate is also not observed, as a result of which we can conclude that it is necessary to revise the existing regulations for the limiting values of permissible elastic bend radius.
Improving the Energy Efficiency of the Transport Infrastructure of the Modern City and Region
Authors: Borisova N I , Maksimchuk O V , Beznebeyeva A M
Published: April 2020

The energy efficiency of urban transport infrastructure, especially motor transport infrastructure, is a very actual problem in the modern world, and is of both theoretical and practical interest. The purpose of the survey is to study the negative impact of transport infrastructure on the ecology of Volgograd and the Volgograd region, to identify the main directions for improving the energy efficiency of certain types of transport in the city and region. The following tasks were solved to achieve the aim: the characteristics, the state of the transport infrastructure and its negative impact on the environment of the city and region were considered; proposals for improving the energy efficiency of the transport infrastructure of the city and region are presented, which are based on the study of experience of successful practices. The object of study is the transport infrastructure of the city and region, the subject of the study is external and internal factors, the processes of the negative impact of the transport infrastructure of the city and region on its environment. The obtained results and conclusions are characterized by novelty, scientific and practical importance in terms of substantiating proposals for the use and introduction of new energy-saving technologies in the transport infrastructure as a condition for the safe and sustainable development of the economy and ecology of the city and region. The main methods are the analytical method and the method of collecting information which are used in this study.
The Content of the Physical Education in the Strategic Forces
Authors: Popova I A , Yurina A S , Solovev D B
Published: April 2020

The aim of the study was to examine the content of physical education in the strategic forces. The main techniques are testing the level of physical working capacity (Cooper test -4 standard exercises); pedagogical experiment and others. In this work the physical training methodology (technique) for the Komsomolsk-on-Amur Strategic forces military unit servicemen who are preparing for the military takes texting is described and experimentally tested. New forms of physical training organization in the course of educational and fighting activity are introduced (the military takes testing imitation, physical education process realization according to individual routes). In our method we have used the following psycho-physical exercises and trainings: swimming on improvised means through a water obstacle with a fast current; throwing fighting hand grenades; covert movement on difficult area while solving tactical problems on the way; exercises to eliminate the fear of height, water, fire, explosions, closed space; crossing the rope railing across the river, ravine in full combat equipment; hand-to-hand fight with two or three opponents; resistance to painful and suffocating receptions; overcoming of a route of 30 km on the cross-country area at night on azimuth, etc. Thus, difficult tasks facing physical education in the formation and maintenance of physical readiness of the staff for combat activities require the integrated use of all forms of physical improvement of military personnel on the basis of their optimal combination and interconnection.
Human Resources Policy of the Enterprise in the Conditions of Digitalization of the Economy: Change of Content and Prospects of Formation
Authors: Borovskikh N V , Kipervar E A , Solovev D B
Published: April 2020

Sustainable development of the enterprise in the conditions of continuous development of economy and social changes is based on the effective personnel policy as the personnel is the most valuable resource of the organization. The purpose of the work was to identify problems and determine the prospects of formation of personnel policy of the enterprise in the conditions of digitalization of the economy. The research is based on the use of general research methods, comparative and structural-logical analysis, empirical generalization, tabular and graphical methods of presentation of statistical and computational data. The work defines the elements of personnel policy and reveals the main functional directions of personnel policy development in the conditions of digitalization of the economy. The stages of formation of personnel policy at the enterprise are considered, as well as the directions of transformation of personnel policy in the conditions of digitalization of economy are defined. It is determined that the use of electronic document flow is a direction of increasing the efficiency of the functioning of personnel policy of the enterprise. It is concluded that the use of personnel electronic document management system is based on the use of telecommunication channels. The advantages of electronic information exchange application are revealed, and also stimulating and restraining factors of its development are identified. The attention is focused on the directions of development of personnel electronic turnover in the conditions of digital transformation. It is argued that the use of information technologies creates new tools in the work with the personnel of the enterprise, ensuring the growth of the efficiency of enterprises. As a result, it was concluded that the transformation of personnel policy of the enterprise is a necessary process in the conditions of digitalization. Information technologies create opportunities for using new tools of work with the personnel of the enterprise. Creation of info-communication platform, including technological, legal, financial components, knowledge and technology management system, will ensure the growth of efficiency of enterprises’ activity
The Use of Alternative Fuel for Heavy-Duty Dump Trucks as a Way to Reduce the Anthropogenic Impact on the Environment
Authors: Dubov G M , Trukhmanov D S , Nokhrin S A
Published: April 2020

The state-of-the-art of relevance and prospects of using alternative fuels for heavy-duty dump trucks as an effective way to reduce the anthropologic impact on the environment is considered. The analysis of the combination of factors (economic, technological, engineering, safety) determining the possibility and prospects of using alternative fuels in the operation of heavy-duty dump trucks in mining industry is carried out. The data are presented on the available experience of using environmentally friendly (alternative) fuels for heavy-duty dump trucks: electric energy, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), com-pressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG). The studies conducted show that liquefied natural gas (LNG), for a number of objective reasons, seems to be the most promising alternative to diesel of all possible fuels in the segment of heavy-duty haulage vehicles. It is said that in Russia, in the Kemerovo region, for the first time, within the framework of one group of companies, an integrated project for the production of liquefied natural gas and its consumption by BelAZ heavy-duty dump trucks was successfully implemented.
Optimization Approach in Modelling the Effects of Technological Disasters
Authors: Soboleva O V , Brizitskaya A V , Dyachenko Yu K
Published: April 2020

In present paper the applying of an optimization approach in modeling the effects of technological disasters are studied. Mathematical models of the pollutants propagation in the water or in air, based on the convection-diffusion-reaction equation are used. The problems of recovering the diffusion and reaction coefficients by the pollutant concentration measured in a certain subdomain are studied. In framework of optimization approach these problems are reduced to the multiplicative control problems. Solvability of considered control problems are proved and the local stability estimates are obtained. The recovering of the diffusion coefficients and the reaction from the measured concentration makes it possible to realistically estimate the intensity of the diffusion of pollutants and the effectiveness of the processes aimed at the decomposition of the pollutant (reaction coefficient).
Geochemistry of Rare Earth Elements in the Rivers and Groundwaters of Chistovodnoe Thermal Area (Primorye, Far East of Russia)
Authors: Chelnokov G A , Bragin I V , Kharitonova N A
Published: April 2020

The behaviour and hydrogeochemistry of rare earth elements were investigated in the surface and groundwaters of Chistovodnoe thermal area (Far East of Russia). The waters were classified according to the pH into neutral waters with pH ranging from 6.6 to 7.3 and alkaline waters with pH between 7.5 and 9.3. The REE concentrations in the river waters with pH=6.6-6.8 are markedly higher than those from the thermal groundwaters with pH=7.9-9.3. The surface water mass in the Chistovodnoe area has similar REE patterns reflected in negative Ce and Eu anomalies. The cold and thermal groundwaters are influenced by the water-rock interaction processes. Such correlations are explained by the redox changes with depth within the area. The oxidizing conditions in the shallower aquifer generate a larger Ce anomaly. The low concentrations of REE in groundwater suggest that the elements are relatively immobile during weathering and transport, being carried partly in heavy detrital minerals, especially zircon and titanite, and partly adsorbed onto clay particles. Heavy REE enrichment is explained by successive water-rock interactions supplying REE to the water in which differential scavenging of light REE by particulate matters occurs.
Management of the Industrial Waste When Exploiting Mineral Resources of the Arctic
Authors: Tsukerman V A , Ivanov S V
Published: April 2020

The question of increasing the efficiency of industrial waste management of the Arctic is of a big importace due to the disturbance of the environment under the influence of intensive exploitation of mineral resources. The analysis of the effectiveness of the solid waste management over the past five years on the Arctic industrial enterprises such as: PJSC Novatek, PJSC ALROSA, Polar Division and Kola MMC of PJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel, Kirovsk branch of Apatit of PJSC PhosAgro, industrial enterprises JSC Karelsky Okatysh, JSC Olcon, JSC Vorkutaugol and JSC Yakovlevsky mine of Division Severstal Resources of PJSC Severstal. Based on data obtained from company reports in open access the dynamics of waste generation and utilization was investigated. It was shown that despite the fact that in recent years the Government of the Russian Federation approved a number of documents related to waste management and aimed at the formation and future development of a new industry for waste management a significant part of enterprises does not pay enough attention and does not take proper measures in the field of industrial waste management.
Management of the Large-Scale Arctic Transport System – the Basis for the Exploitation of the Hydrocarbon Resources of the Northern Seas Shelf
Authors: Tsukerman V A , Goryachevskaya E S
Published: April 2020

The problems of managing the Arctic transport system are considered. Particular attention is paid to the development of Arctic shelf deposits, as well as to the challenges and risks associated with the extreme conditions of transportation of hydrocarbon raw materials. Certain volumes of cargo transportation via the NSR have positive dynamics, which determines the encouraging results and allows us to develop strategic plans for the extraction of hydrocarbons and the delivery of finished products. The main promising directions for the development of sea transportation of hydrocarbons in the waters of the Northern Sea Route are outlined. Certain prospects for the development of Arctic oil and gas resources are identified. It is shown that an increase in the number of freight vehicles in the water areas of marine transport corridors in the near future will be associated with an increase in the turnover of ports and terminals. The main directions of improving the Arctic fleet and technological updates of the port infrastructure to ensure the development of hydrocarbon deposits in the Arctic seas are substantiated. The introduction in this area of the most important innovative methods for the development of the oil and gas sector is a full-scale implementation of transport and transit traffic, primarily in order to improve the system of internal corridors passing through the NSR under the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation. The directions of improving and increasing the efficiency of operation of the Arctic transport system are proposed.
The Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of the “GP-ice” Use in Ships Model Tests
Authors: Zuev V A , Gramuzov E M , Dvoychenko Y A , Sebin A S
Published: April 2020

The issues of modelling model-scale ice during model ships testing are considered in the paper. The modelling conditions in solid ice of natural structure as well as in composite-structured ice (GP-ice) are also given here. Besides, we have described the technologies of making ice in an ice testing tank, testing it and expansion.
Waste-Free Processing of Pea Grain to Optimize the Use of Starch Byproducts
Authors: Shelepina N V
Published: April 2020

Grain processing is a source considerable environmental pollution. 60% to 90% of the raw materials used in this industry are recyclable. This paper proposes a deep grain processing technology that can produce a variety of products with high added value. The authors hereof have developed and substantiated a waste-free pea grain processing technology that uses pea varieties selected by Federal Legume and Cereal Research Center, Oryol, Russia. This technology can produce high quality starch and its byproducts while also extracting the recyclables contained in pea grains: the germ and the seed husks, both of which have high added value.
Development of Risk-Oriented Thinking for Sustainable Functioning of the Technosphere
Authors: Muravyova E V , Danilina N E , Rybakova A M
Published: April 2020

The increasing dependence of the mankind on technical systems makes us a “risk society.” Therefore, in order to minimize consequences of anthropogenic activity those specialists who have access to complex technical systems need to develop advanced risk-oriented thinking.

The purpose of this study is to formulate and clarify the concept of “risk-oriented thinking” and substantiate integration of the systemic and the competency-based approaches. According to the authors hereof, the use of the Perrow model is the most effective educational condition of development of risk-oriented thinking in future engineers. Study results include both a definition of the “risk-oriented thinking” and criteria of the advanced risk-oriented thinking.
Reducing Anthropogenic Impact on Hydrosphere Related to Synthetic Rubber Manufacture by Means of Their Formulation Technology Enhancement
Authors: Pugacheva I N , Molokanova L V
Published: April 2020

Negative impact of industrial sewage waters on the state of water objects requires the development of measures for reducing the volume of wastes disposal and searching for the solutions on the decrease or complete exclusion of toxic reagents from industrial processes. The use of emulsive rubbers made of latex as tin chloride coagulant (IV) allows reducing the level of sewage water pollution due to the decreased volume electrolyte velocity and the absence of the necessity to use sulphuric acid as an acidating agent.
Improving the Environmental Friendliness of Russian Transport Through the Use of Hybrid Vehicles
Authors: Permyakova O G , Ovsyannikov V V , Kaminskiy N S , Gorchakov Y N , Pogotovkina N S
Published: April 2020

Environmental problems are a pressing matter; the actual transfer to environmental friendliness of life and production has become possible due to the recently emergent serious achievements of science related to introduction of digital technologies and innovations into all the spheres, including the automotive industry. According to the Strategy, by 2025, the share of electric vehicles in the Russian Federation must reach 5%, which is consistent with their share in the developed countries. Transfer from internal combustion engine (ICE)-powered to hybrid vehicles is a serious step of modernization of the transport system, which requires a comprehensive approach possible when actions of all the parties to the process are coordinated. A roadmap is an instrument that allows identifying the main stages and means of fulfilling innovative goals of the object that require drafting text and graphic documents, and introduction of the information required to make managerial decisions thereto.
Heliocyclical Factors in Interdecadal Variability of Climate and Natural Processes on the Example of Yakutia
Authors: Pomortsev O A , Pomortseva A A
Published: April 2020

The natural systems of Yakutia (Eurasian north-east) serve as example in examining the problem of interdecadal variability of climate and natural processes. The work explores the response of heat and moisture supply of the climate and of tree trunk growth for the pines of aufeis valleys of Central Yakutia over the modulation of odd and even 11-year solar cycles. The climatic forecasting for slowing down of winter warming and enhancing the role of summer drought seasons within the next decade is substantiated. In the aufeis valleys we can expect the recovery of aufeis formation, forest fires and slowing down of forest stand trunk growth. The most consequential natural process abnormalities (extremal cooling and warming, droughts, flood waves, forest fires, etc.) are to develop in the segments of rise and fall of the 11-year cycles, in proximity to the periods of solar activity extremums (the maximums and the minimums). Today we have one of such extremums (the minimum of 11-year cycle №25).
Monitoring of Bioresources in Shallow Water by Parametric Systems
Authors: Pivnev P P , Voloshchenko A P , Tarasov S P
Published: April 2020

Hydroacoustic parametric systems and methods of nonlinear acoustics in the study of bioresources in shallow areas of the oceans are considered. Unique characteristics of parametric antennas are given. The general issues of nonlinear interaction of acoustic waves are considered. The features of the interaction and propagation of acoustic waves in shallow water are presented. The characteristics of parametric instruments are presented, and the results of their applications for monitoring bioresources in shallow areas of the oceans are considered
Modeling the Process of the Distribution of Suspended Particles of Nano- and Microparticles of Industrial Aerosols in Electroplating Workshop
Authors: Kirichenko K Yu , Vakhniuk I A , Kholodov A S , Golokhvast K S
Published: April 2020

The paper presents the results of a study of quantitative composition of airborne particles in electroplating workshop working with aluminum and non-ferrous metals using the most common electrochemical processes in industry. Based on the results of the quantitative content of particles in samples located at different spatial points, a 3D model of industrial aerosol cloud was created, demonstrating the propagation of nano- and microparticles inside the workshop.
The Technology of Opening and Mining Sites of Complex Occurrence of Placer Deposits in Permafrost Conditions
Authors: Petrova L V , Petrov A N
Published: April 2020

The article presents technical solutions for the opening and development of sites of the placer deposits with upper «hanging blocks» in the conditions of the «Obryv-Razvalisty-Promezhutochnyj» placer deposit. According to the experience of the opening workings in placer deposits of the North-East of the Russian Federation, a scheme has been adopted for opening mine fields by inclined conveyor and scraper inclines using access drifts.

The choice of the most rational scheme of mine field preparation in the conditions of the «Obryv-Razvalisty-Promezhutochnyj» deposit is based on many years of experience in underground mining of placer deposits in the North-East of the Russian Federation. According to the results of the analysis, a chamber-longwall method was selected.

The peculiarity of the field, the presence of “upper hanging blocks” and lower blocks on the placer rock bed, determines the interposition and parameters of stopes and inter-chamber pillar.
Sustainable Aquaculture in the Baltic Sea Region of Russia: Ecotoxicological Issues of Restocking Wild Salmon and Whitefish Populations
Authors: Oripova A A , Sergienko O I , Dinkelaker N V , Ovsuk E A , Gunkova P I , Oripov U
Published: April 2020

It is widely recognized that aquaculture plays an important role in rural development, contributing significantly to food availability, household food security, and income generation in particular. In developing sustainable aquaculture in the Baltic Sea region of Russia, it is essential to strike a balance between the need for aquaculture development and the need for natural resource conservation, especially in the case of Atlantic Salmon and Whitefish—the most valuable object of fishery, which almost lost their native spawning areas due to negative anthropogenic impacts. Without sufficient information about the accumulation of dangerous pollutants in fish tissues it is hard to develop a sustainable strategy for restocking populations of wild Salmonids and Whitefish in their natural habitats. In this paper, the accumulation of heavy metals in the tissues of wild Salmonids and Whitefish caught for artificial reproduction and their fry from the state hatcheries of northwest Russia was studied with the use of voltammetry, X-ray fluorescence analysis, and capillary electrophoresis. Analysis of the obtained data showed that significant bioaccumulation of heavy metals happens during growth and feeding after Salmon fry are released into the wild. This study demonstrates the necessity of improving state hatcheries with automatic control systems for ecological parameters.
An Integrated Approach to the Development and Reservation of Gas in Central Yakutia
Authors: Sivtsev A I , Taran V I , Kalinin A I
Published: April 2020

The article provides a detailed overview of diverse problems in gas industry in the Central part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The problems associated with the provision of recoverable gas reserves, seasonal contrast of produced amounts, production and gas transportation system and the challenges of increasing the gas consumption market are considered in details. A retrospective assessment of the initial geological reserves of natural gas of the Middle-Viluy gas condensate deposit is given. On the basis of production characteristics of deposits and the analysis of development of the worked-out deposits, coefficient of recovery of gas is estimated. It is concluded that under the current system of development of the Middle-Viluy gas condensate deposit, the ratio of the ultimate gas recovery will amount to just 0.5. The inexpediency of construction of boosting compressor station for production of several billion cubic meters of gas is shown. An integrated approach to solving the existing problems of the gas industry is proposed. The necessity of reserving gas raw materials in close proximity to the consumer by creating an subsurface gas storage is noted. It is concluded that only the creation of a gas reservation system will allow to extract most efficiently gas resources of the Central Yakutia and provide the necessary level of energy security.
Means to Solve the Problems of the Development of Helium Resources in Eastern Siberia
Authors: Sivtsev A I , Aleksandrov A R , Petrov D M
Published: April 2020

The article reviews the problem of effective development of helium resources of East Siberian oil and gas fields in the medium and long potential. It is noted that porous deposits of a gas field of small reserves appear to be the cheapest and the most reliable choice for the organization of underground helium concentrate storage (UHCS). In the medium term, it is proposed to consider the Otradninskoye gas condensate field (GCF), which is located in close proximity of the gas pipeline “Power of Siberia”. In the long term, the need to survey for a promising structure for the organization of UHCS is indicated. The basic requirements for the prospective structure are indicated by location, lithological section and by features of its development. As an example for the organization of UHCS, the Nizhne-Dzherba structure of the Predpatom trough is considered
Oil and Gas Resources of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Sitnikov V S , Sleptsova M I
Published: April 2020

The development of the oil and gas industry in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) is of great importance not only for the republic, but also for all of Russia. Major Russian projects are the active ESPO oil pipeline and the Power of Siberia gas pipeline under construction, passing through the territory of the republic. This article presents the current state of the oil and gas industry in the Sakha Republic: oil and natural gas production by field and the state of hydrocarbon reserves in the Sakha Republic by petroleum regions. The article reveals the importance of the oil and gas complex in the economic development of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The reserves of natural gas in the republic make it possible not only to fully meet the needs of the republic, but also to supply hydrocarbon raw materials beyond its borders. The potential of the fields and the real prospects for a significant increase in reserves allow for over 50 years to supply consumers up to 30-35 billion m3 of gas per year
Hydrology and Ion Sink of the Arctic River Alazeya
Authors: Makarov V N , Nogovitsyn D D , Sheina Z M
Published: April 2020

The features of hydrology and flow of dissolved substances of the Alazeya River located above the Arctic Circle in the area of continuous distribution of permafrost are considered. As starting materials the results of field studies and laboratory analyses of water samples made by the complex research expedition were used. The Alazeya River in hydrological and hydro chemical relation is a little-studied river of the Arctic zone. The river basin is characterized by minimal human pressure. The territory of the Alazeya basin is one of the hard-to-reach Arctic regions of the North-East Yakutia with natural complexes. Precipitation, groundwater and underground ice of active layer and permafrost are the primary power supply of surface waters. Annually 0.5 million tons of dissolved substances are removed by the processes of fluvial denudation from the Alazeya basin to the East Siberian Sea. Module of the ion sink is very low - 6.8 tons/km2. It is typical for the sluggish rivers of the Arctic regions. Minimum value is a result of the Arctic climatic and landscape parameters affecting the intensity of chemical weathering of rocks. The ion sink of the Alazeya River is almost independent from human influence and determined by the geochemical properties of elements, lithological features of rocks and soil composition of the river basin, climatic conditions, and vegetation
Features of Transformation of Oil-contaminated Soils in Arctic Region
Authors: Lifshits S Kh , Glyaznetsova Yu S , Popova N I
Published: April 2020

A study of the comparative characteristic of Yakutia´s frozen soils ability to remediation, when contaminated with oil, has been carried out. The samples of permafrost soils from the territories of the the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), exposed to industrial pollution by oil and its products, with old periods of pollution (10 ÷ 12 years) were examined. Remediation was not carried out anywhere. In the soils of the western part of Yakutia, despite a high residual level of pollution (8.58%), signs of oxidative destruction of petroleum hydrocarbons are clearly visible (high content of resinous components (61.3%)), and almost complete transformation of acyclic hydrocarbons. In arctic soils, self-remediation processes occur at a significantly slower pace. In these soils the content of hydrocarbon fractions is still high (60.3-64.9%). There is no selectivity in the transformation processes of individual acyclic hydrocarbons. This suggests that the oxidative destruction of oil pollution in Arctic soils is mainly influenced by physical and chemical environmental factors, rather than microbiological oxidation. The low microbiological activity of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms in the Arctic soils indicates the need to develop special remediation measures to clean the soil from oil pollution
Design of Life Cycle Technologies of Associated Products and Waste in the Process of Preparing the Production of a New Automotive Component
Authors: Safarova L R , Safarov D T
Published: April 2020

The approach to minimizing the impact of automotive production on the environment, reducing resource consumption and losses due to adequate planning of waste generation in the workplace and the development of processes of their life cycle at the stage of preparation of production of automotive components. The algorithm of design of manufacturing technology of automotive components with the development of processes of generation in the workplace of all types of by-products, aimed at preventing potential losses in mass production. Blocks of calculation procedures of the design algorithm of manufacturing technologies of automotive components are implemented in accordance with the stages of preparation of a new product in the nuclear industry. Calculation of volumes of associated products is integrated as an integral part in the design and calculations of the process of creating a commodity product, for which the structural part of the process is allocated, modeling of the content of intraoperative processes of creating basic and associated products is performed, time chains are formed. The system calculates the volume of commodity and associated products. Schedules for the timely removal of by-products, waste and emissions from workplaces are being developed, with the planning of types of additional work for the maintenance of workplaces. Economic calculations are performed for decision-making by engineering services of the enterprise.
A Novel Public Utility Layout for Sustainable Development of Major Cities
Authors: Finogenov A I
Published: April 2020

The paper presents the science-backed concept of a layout for specialized public utilities and their placement within major cities. It analyzes the shortcomings of utility placement in the historical build-up of Russia’s major cities; the shortcomings make such utilities inefficient, overload the inner-city trunklines, and are suboptimal with respect to sanitation and environment. The paper proposes a novel model for a more optimal functional layout of placing such utilities as support modules within the structure of residential property; the modules are designed to enable the city’s sustainable development and livelihood.