bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A guide to lifting aperiodic structures
Authors: Baake Michael , Écija David , Grimm Uwe
Published: September 2016

The embedding of a given point set with non-crystallographic symmetry into higher-dimensional space is reviewed, with special emphasis on the Minkowski embedding known from number theory. This is a natural choice that does not require an a priori construction of a lattice in relation to a given symmetry group. Instead, some elementary properties of the point set in physical space are used, and explicit methods are described. This approach works particularly well for the standard symmetries encountered in the practical study of quasicrystalline phases. We also demonstrate this with a recent experimental example, taken from a sample with square-triangle tiling structure and (approximate) 12-fold symmetry.
Results of the Test Program for Replacement of AK-225G Solvent for Cleaning NASA Propulsion Oxygen Systems
Authors: Lowrey Nikki M. , Mitchell Mark A.
Published: September 2016

Since the 1990s, when the Class I ozone-substance chlorofluorocarbon-113 was banned, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) propulsion test facilities at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) and Stennis Space Center (SSC) have relied upon the solvent Asahiklin AK-225 (hydrochlorofluorocarbon-225ca/cb or HCFC-225ca/cb) and, more recently AK-225G (the single isomer form, HCFC-225cb) to safely clean and verify the cleanliness of large-scale propulsion oxygen systems. Effective January 1, 2015, the production, import, export, and new use of Class II ozone-depleting substances, including AK-225G, was prohibited in the United States by the Clean Air Act. In 2012 through 2014, NASA test labs at MSFC, SSC, and Johnson Space Center’s White Sands Test Facility collaborated to seek out, test, and qualify a solvent replacement for AK-225G that is both an effective cleaner and safe for use with oxygen systems. This paper summarizes the tests performed, the results, and the lessons learned.
Autogenous Ignition Test Approach for Hyperbaric Oxygen (HBO2) and Other Low-Pressure Oxygen Applications
Authors: Chiffoleau Gwenael J. , Barry Richard , Newton Barry E. , Linley Nicholas
Published: September 2016

A test approach for determining the autogenous ignition temperature of materials in clinical hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) is presented. This approach was developed because there was no current test approach to specifically evaluate materials for HBO2 service. The testing provides ignition temperatures of materials under HBO2 conditions and is designed to facilitate appropriate material selection. Establishing the difference between the tested material's ignition temperature and the maximum anticipated temperature of exposure in HBO2 provides a measure of the margin of safety—data that is not currently available to material selectors. Although initially designed for HBO2 environments, the test method would be applicable to other low-pressure oxygen equipment and applications commonly utilized by manufacturers of ventilators, hospital manifolds, aerospace systems, and welding/cutting equipment. This paper summarizes the test approach, discusses test variables, and data applications, and it provides considerations for using the test data to help evaluate the oxygen compatibility of materials and the qualification of materials for hyperbaric oxygen.
NASA Independent Assessment of Ambient Pressure Liquid Oxygen (LOX) Impact Testing of Halogenated Solvents
Authors: Ross H. R. , Gentz S. J.
Published: September 2016

The liquid oxygen (LOX) reactivity results using the ambient pressure LOX mechanical impact test did not yield reproducible results for halogenated (precision cleaning) solvents tested at the Johnson Space Center (JSC), the White Sands Test Facility (WSTF), and at the Marshall Space Flight Center–Materials Combustion Research Facility (MCRF–MSFC) to replace the precision cleaning solvent, HCFC 225 (AK225). The ambient pressure LOX impact testing is established in the ASTM G86-98 test method and is specified by Test 13A in NASA STD 6001(B). In this test method, a known amount of energy is transferred from a free falling plummet to a striker pin resting directly on the test specimen immersed in LOX. The WSTF impact tester produced higher reactivity rates at lower energy levels for the same tests performed at MSFC. This indicates factors other than total input energy to the sample influence the materials reactivity in LOX. Penetration (calibrated) drop tests were performed at WSTF and MSFC. The penetration drop tests provide a simple and reliable method for verifying impact energy, but this method does not provide a measurement of other factors that may contribute to the material’s sensitivity to impact reactions. This paper discusses the interaction of factors that are not clearly addressed in the ASTM G86-98 test method and that should be an important focus of attention. Many variables were examined, including percent of relative humidity during sample preparation, the use of the plummet (rebound) catcher, variability of sample preparation at each facility, and impact testing with and without the insert disks. These and other variables attribute to the wide differences in reactivity. More standardization and controls in the test protocol, along with further testing and improvements, are recommended. It is hoped that the insight and observations of the NASA independent assessment (IA) team will provide useful support and discussions for improving the standard test method that is used for ambient pressure LOX impact testing.
Oxygen Partial Pressure and Oxygen Concentration Flammability: Can They Be Correlated?
Authors: Harper Susana A. , Juarez Alfredo , Perez Horacio , Hirsch David B. , Beeson Harold D.
Published: September 2016

NASA possesses a large quantity of flammability data performed in International Space Station (ISS) airlock (30 % Oxygen 526 mmHg) and ISS cabin (24.1 % Oxygen 760 mmHg) conditions. As new programs develop, other oxygen and pressure conditions emerge. In an effort to apply existing data, the question arises: Do equivalent oxygen partial pressures perform similarly with respect to flammability? This paper evaluates how material flammability performance is impacted from both the maximum oxygen concentration (MOC) and maximum total pressures (MTP) perspectives. From these studies, oxygen partial pressures can be compared for both the MOC and MTP methods to determine the role of partial pressure in material flammability. This evaluation also assesses the influence of other variables on flammability performance. The findings presented in this paper suggest flammability is more dependent on oxygen concentration than equivalent partial pressure.
Inferring Past Effective Population Size from Distributions of Coalescent Times
Authors: Gattepaille Lucie , Günther Torsten , Jakobsson Mattias
Published: September 2016

Inferring and understanding changes in effective population size over time is a major challenge for population genetics. Here we investigate some theoretical properties of random-mating populations with varying size over time. In particular, we present an exact solution to compute the population size as a function of time, Ne(t), based on distributions of coalescent times of samples of any size. This result reduces the problem of population size inference to a problem of estimating coalescent time distributions. To illustrate the analytic results, we design a heuristic method using a tree-inference algorithm and investigate simulated and empirical population-genetic data. We investigate the effects of a range of conditions associated with empirical data, for instance number of loci, sample size, mutation rate, and cryptic recombination. We show that our approach performs well with genomic data (≥ 10,000 loci) and that increasing the sample size from 2 to 10 greatly improves the inference of Ne(t) whereas further increase in sample size results in modest improvements, even under a scenario of exponential growth. We also investigate the impact of recombination and characterize the potential biases in inference of Ne(t). The approach can handle large sample sizes and the computations are fast. We apply our method to human genomes from four populations and reconstruct population size profiles that are coherent with previous finds, including the Out-of-Africa bottleneck. Additionally, we uncover a potential difference in population size between African and non-African populations as early as 400 KYA. In summary, we provide an analytic relationship between distributions of coalescent times and Ne(t), which can be incorporated into powerful approaches for inferring past population sizes from population-genomic data.
Extraction of the Constituent Subgenomes of the Natural Allopolyploid Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Zhu Bin , Tu Yuqin , Zeng Pan , Ge Xianhong , Li Zaiyun
Published: September 2016

As the dynamic nature of progenitor genomes accompanies the speciation by interspecific hybridization, the extraction of the constituent subgenome(s) from a natural allopolyploid species of long history and then restitution of the progenitor(s) provides the unique opportunity to study the genome evolution and interplay. Herein, the A subgenome from the allotetraploid oilseed rape (Brassica napus L., AACC) was extracted through inducing the preferential elimination of C-subgenome chromosomes in intertribal crosses and the progenitor B. rapa was restituted (RBR). Then by crossing and backcrossing RBR with B. napus donor, the C subgenome was in situ dissected by adding each of its nine chromosomes to the extracted A subgenome and establishing the whole set of monosonic alien addition lines (MAALs). RBR from spring-type B. napus genotype “Oro” expressed a phenotype resembling some type of B. rapa never observed before, but showed a winter-type flowering habit. This RBR had weaker growth vigor and suffered more seriously from biotic and abiotic stresses compared with Oro. The phenotypes specific for these MAALs showed the location of the related genes on the particular C-subgenome chromosomes. These MAALs exhibited obviously different frequencies in homeologous pairing and transmission of additional C-subgenome chromosomes, which were associated with the distinct degrees of their relatedness, and even with the possible genetic regulation for meiotic pairing evolved in B. napus. Finally, large scaffolds undetermined for sequence assembly of B. napus were anchored to specific C-subgenome chromosomes using MAALs.
Suicide in Elementary School-Aged Children and Early Adolescents
Authors: Sheftall Arielle H. , Asti Lindsey , Horowitz Lisa M. , Felts Adrienne , Fontanella Cynthia A. , Campo John V. , Bridge Jeffrey A.
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Suicide in elementary school–aged children is not well studied, despite a recent increase in the suicide rate among US black children. The objectives of this study were to describe characteristics and precipitating circumstances of suicide in elementary school–aged children relative to early adolescent decedents and identify potential within-group racial differences.

METHODS:

We analyzed National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) surveillance data capturing suicide deaths from 2003 to 2012 for 17 US states. Participants included all suicide decedents aged 5 to 14 years (N = 693). Age group comparisons (5–11 years and 12–14 years) were conducted by using the χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate.

RESULTS:

Compared with early adolescents who died by suicide, children who died by suicide were more commonly male, black, died by hanging/strangulation/suffocation, and died at home. Children who died by suicide more often experienced relationship problems with family members/friends (60.3% vs 46.0%; P = .02) and less often experienced boyfriend/girlfriend problems (0% vs 16.0%; P < .001) or left a suicide note (7.7% vs 30.2%; P < .001). Among suicide decedents with known mental health problems (n = 210), childhood decedents more often experienced attention-deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity (59.3% vs 29.0%; P = .002) and less often experienced depression/dysthymia (33.3% vs 65.6%; P = .001) compared with early adolescent decedents.

CONCLUSIONS:

These findings raise questions about impulsive responding to psychosocial adversity in younger suicide decedents, and they suggest a need for both common and developmentally-specific suicide prevention strategies during the elementary school–aged and early adolescent years. Further research should investigate factors associated with the recent increase in suicide rates among black children.
Transformaciones territoriales: una categoría de análisis para explicar las dinámicas de conformación territorial.
Authors: Ramirez Camilo Mahecha
Published: September 2016

La siguiente reflexión tiene como objeto proponer la construcción de una categoría de análisis que permita dar cuenta la forma en que se ha trasformado el territorio colombiano en el marco del modelo extractivo, con especial énfasis en la industria petrolera. Se propone un recorrido analítico sobre conceptos claves que dan forma a la propuesta de elevar  a nivel  de categoría las “transformaciones territoriales.” Teniendo como  principales  elementos los impactos de la globalización en el modelo de desarrollo, así como los procesos de descentralización, el conflicto armado y las resistencias sociales. En este sentido, se toma como estudio de casoel departamento de Putumayo intentando entender  sus dinámicas territoriales desde la categoría de análisis propuesta.
Thromboemboliás kockázat pitvarfibrillációban
Authors: Csanádi Zoltán
Published: September 2016

Atrial fibrillation is considered as one of the cardiovascular pandemics of our days due to its increasing prevalence and the significant burden on healthcare systems. Management, especially prevention of thromboembolism associated with the arrhythmia is still a challenge even with recently available treatment options. Herein, the author reviews the possibilities of risk stratification and stroke prevention, which are important to all medical professionals who potentially encounter patients with this arrhythmia. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(38), 1511–1515.
The Disappearing Middle: An Incumbency-Based Explanation For The Decline of Congressional Moderates
Authors: Forgette Richard , Platt Glenn
Published: September 2016

Why has Congress become more partisan? We offer and test an explanation for the rise of institutional partisanship. Relative to their peers, ideologically moderate House incumbents from electorally unsafe seats are more likely to attract quality challengers, have smaller vote shares, and have a higher defeat rate. A growing quality effect, though, has insulated these moderate members electorally over time allowing them to cast more ideological votes. We test this explanation using district and member-level data for House elections from 1952 to1998 and find evidence confirming our expectations.
What Moves the Court? Interest Groups, Public Opinion, Court Composition and the Solicitor General
Authors: Marshall Thomas R.
Published: September 2016

The impact of several major types of interest groups, the solicitor general, Court composition, and American public opinion on U.S. Supreme Court decision-making is tested with a poll-matched database from the Warren, Burger, and Rehnquist Courts. Results indicate that the solicitor general’s position, American public opinion, Court composition, and a few (but not most) interest groups all significantly and independently affect Supreme Court decision-making.
Race and Gender as Cues for Blacks and Whites: A Survey-Based Experiment
Authors: Howell Susan E.
Published: September 2016

This research compares the impact of party, race, and gender cues and their interactions in a population of white Americans and a population of black Americans. An experiment embedded in a survey measures the effects of these cues on inferences made about the policy positions of a fictitious legislator. The cues of party and race have greater impact among whites, but the cue of gender has greater impact among blacks. Other findings indicate that blacks view Republican white male officials as particularly conservative and that female officials moderate the respondents’ tendency to attribute liberalism or conservatism on the basis of race and party cues.
Introduction: About This Special Issue
Authors: Marshall Thomas R.
Published: September 2016

Understanding the role of political parties is critical to understanding political change in the world today. Political parties often help to translate mass public opinion into government policy-making. Parties also are them-selves rapidly changing. During the last decade many once-dominant parties fell into decline in many parts of the world, while other parties rapidly gained in strength. In short, political parties both shape political change and themselves are affected by social changes.
Declining Voter Turnout in Comparative Perspective: A Result of Converging Party Profiles?
Authors: Kittilson Miki Caul
Published: September 2016

Voter participation has declined in 16 of 18 established industrial democracies between 1950 and 1998, while national electoral institutions have remained fairly constant. At the same time, analysis of Left-Right party profiles over the same period reveals that the majority of industrial democracies have witnessed a drift toward centrist party profiles. Do increasingly similar party profiles lower voters’ sense of stake in elections, thereby contributing to declining turnout? Multi-variate analysis of a pooled cross-section of elections from 1950 and 1998 suggests that converging party profiles have little impact, while unionization levels remain the strongest indicators of relative change in turnout levels.
Introduction: Studying Southern Political Party Activists
Authors: Clark John A. , Prysby Charles
Published: September 2016

The political changes that have occurred in the South over the past several decades have affected the political party organizations in the region. A region once marked by a weak and highly factionalized Democratic Party organization and an almost non-existent Republican Party organization now has two significant party organizations operating in each state. Examining the development of party organizations in the region should tell us much about both political party organizations and southern politics. This study, the Southern Grassroots Party Activists 2001 Project, focuses on political party activists active at the county level. Over 7,000 activists in the eleven southern states were surveyed in 2001. This study is linked to the 1991 Southern Grassroots Party Activists Project, which surveyed a similar group of activists, using a similar questionnaire. The following articles both analyze the 2001 data patterns and compare the 2001 results to the 1991 patterns.
Arkansas: More Signs of Momentum for Republicanism in Post-"Big Three" Arkansas
Authors: Barth Jay
Published: September 2016

An analysis of the 2001 Southern Grassroots Party Activists survey of Democratic and Republican party activists in Arkansas highlights the continued strengthening of the Arkansas GOP at the local level in the state, another sign of momentum for the traditional minority party in the state. Continuing trends seen in the first wave of the survey in 1991, Arkansas GOP activists are more united and more dedicated to their party than are their Democratic counterparts in their commitment of time, in their loyalty to their party’s candidates, and in their ideological cohesion. One potential barrier to continued Republican development in the state, however, is evidence that the extreme conservatism of rank-and-file GOP activists may impede the party’s growth in a state whose electorate has shown an unwavering sentiment for ideological moderation in recent decades.
North Carolina: The Development of Party Organizations in a Competitive Environment
Authors: Prysby Charles
Published: September 2016

Activists in the two political parties have moved further apart over the past ten years. They already were ideologically distinct in 1991, but since then the Republicans have become even more conservative and the Democrats have moved in a liberal direction. Also, Democratic activists now have a substantially higher percentage of blacks and women in their ranks than was the case in 1991. Both parties have become somewhat more cohesive than they were in 1991, although both organizations still contain conflict and factions, with the Democrats being somewhat more divided than the Republicans. Among Democrats, the tensions involved in keeping their biracial coalition together can be stressful. Among Republicans, the split between Christian Right conservatives and others is the most obvious deep division. Both parties appear to be stronger organizations now than a decade ago. In particular, the activists report higher levels of organizational activity and the two parties seem fairly evenly matched in grassroots organizational strength at this point in time.
Tennessee: A Maturing Two-Party System
Authors: Bruce John M. , Clark John A. , Gant Michael M. , Daugherty Linda M.
Published: September 2016

Although Tennessee has long had a Republican presence in its political system, the two par-ties have only recently become competitive across the state. As a result, party organizations and activists have the opportunity to play an important role in the state’s elections. Activists in the two parties grew increasingly polarized across the decade of the 1990s in terms of their ideologies and issue positions. Organizationally, both parties seem to be settling into their roles in the political system. Democrats take a more pragmatic approach to politics, while Republicans see more dramatic growth in the strength of their organizations.
Texas: Incipient Polarization?
Authors: Feigert Frank B. , Miller Dawn , Cunningham Kenda , Burlage Rachel
Published: September 2016

Population changes are leading Texas to becoming a majority-minority state, especially with the increase of Hispanics. Texas has become a GOP stronghold, and the GOP is increasingly cohesive, and conservative, winning all statewide offices in both 1998 and 2002, plus control of the legislature in 2002. Religious fundamentalism is clearly evident in the GOP, but many distance themselves from the Christian right. Ideological differences between the parties have increased, largely because Democrats are more liberal. GOP activists are upbeat, while Democrats appear dispirited, although less so than in 1991.
Alabama: Maturing Party Competition
Authors: Cotter Patrick R. , Fisher Samuel H. , Fuller Patrick
Published: September 2016

After years of a virtual Democratic monopoly over its electoral politics, Alabama has become a politically competitive state. Reflecting this political transformation, the results of the 1991 and 2001 Grassroots Party Activists surveys show that Alabama’s Democratic and Republican party activists are increasingly distinguishable in their social characteristics, ideological stands, and policy positions. Also accompanying the state’s new political competitiveness has been the development of party organizations that are now roughly balanced in terms of their strength and capabilities.
Response to Jacobson
Authors: Stonecash Jeffrey M.
Published: September 2016

The purpose in presenting results about the trend in the vote proportions of House incumbents since 1946 is to prompt a reconsideration of the conventional wisdom. What seems very clear to others—that incumbents are increasing their vote proportions, resulting in declining competition—is not so clear to me. Jacobson offers a criticism of including uncontested results and cites two other trends to reinforce the conclusion that vote proportions are increasing.
White Voter Support for Southern Black Congressional Candidates
Authors: Bullock Charles S. , Dunn Richard E.
Published: September 2016

In the wake of Miller v. Johnson (1995) which required redrawing of congressional districts in order to conform with the U.S. Constitution, African Americans have begun winning elections in majority-white southern congressional districts. Three hypotheses to account for the increased rates of white voter support are examined. The incumbency hypothesis explains black victories in terms of increased white support which comes in response to the activities of the incumbent. The color blind white hypothesis suggests that white voters are no more likely to reject a black Democrat candidate than a white Democrat. The greater tolerance hypothesis suggests that while African Americans now get larger shares of the white vote than in the past, they still run less well than white Democrats. Evidence from almost 100 congressional elections shows that although greater percentages of the white electorate votes for black candidates than in the past, black Democrats continue to attract smaller shares of the white vote than to white Democrats. This pattern maintains after controlling for incumbency, campaign spending, candidate experience and white partisanship.
Georgia: Partisan Parity in the Peach State
Authors: Clark John A. , Haynes Audrey A. , Lockerbie Brad , Seitz Jason
Published: September 2016

Heading into the 2002 elections, Georgia was the only state that had not elected a Republican governor, and the state legislature continued to be held by Democrats. Organizationally, on the other hand, both parties had made dramatic strides since the 1970s, when they had a minimal presence at the local level. The decade of the 1990s brought diverging trends to the two parties. The county chairs we surveyed in 2001 tended to be more active in performing campaign activities than respondents from ten years before. Republican chairs overwhelmingly thought their organizations were getting stronger, though, while Democrats were more pessimistic about their parties. The parties became more ideologically extreme between 1991 and 2001. It remains to be seen whether the Republican trend in grassroots activity will translate into electoral success.
Mississippi: Conservative Ideologues Battle the Party of Inclusion
Authors: Newman James , Shaffer Stephen D. , Breaux David A.
Published: September 2016

Republican grassroots party activists in Mississippi constitute an essentially conservative, higher income, middle aged, and white male organization, which has become even more so since 1991. Democrats are a truly biracial party with equal numbers of men and women and a more middle class background, but it has become more liberal since 1991 due to the influx of more African-Americans into the organization. Compared to Republicans, Democrats have a more professional orientation geared towards winning elections rather than fighting for ideological purity, and have become increasingly active over the last decade to meet the growing GOP electoral challenge.
As Relações Civis-Militares em Portugal: O Longo Processo para o Controle Civil e a Eficácia Militar
Authors: Bruneau Thomas C.
Published: September 2016

RESUMO O artigo trata das relações entre civis e militares em Portugal usando um quadro analítico baseado em indicadores empíricos relativos a três dimensões: controle democrático por parte de civis, eficácia no desempenho de tarefas e missões, e eficiência. Apesar da crise econômica e da consequente falta de recursos do governo, esta análise se mostra positiva numa perspectiva comparada. Ademais da influência e dos incentivos de organizações internacionais, especificamente da OTAN, da União Europeia e das Nações Unidas, o artigo examina a utilização de políticas de defesa e das Forças Armadas, tanto pelos civis quanto pelos militares, na perseguição de objetivos estratégicos.
Prostituição: Que Modelo Jurídico-Político para Portugal?
Authors: Graça Marta , Gonçalves Manuela
Published: September 2016

RESUMO A prostituição em Portugal conheceu diversos modelos jurídico-políticos, como a regulamentação, o proibicionismo e o abolicionismo, prevalecendo este último na atualidade. No discurso social e científico encontramos sobretudo duas posições: os defensores da prostituição como trabalho e os que a consideram uma violação dos direitos humanos. Este artigo apresenta a evolução histórico-legal dos modelos de intervenção na prostituição em Portugal, de forma a contextualizarmos e compreendermos a influência dos discursos. Em seguida, expõe as opiniões dos profissionais das instituições, que dirigem respostas a esta população, sobre a atual moldura jurídico-política, com a finalidade de analisar as diferentes perspectivas sobre o trabalho sexual. Baseando-se em pesquisa de natureza qualitativa que contemplou 23 entrevistas, conclui-se que embora não exista uma ideia clara sobre qual modelo adotar, a preocupação com o respeito pelos direitos humanos e o combate ao estigma estão patentes, independentemente do paradigma em questão.
Terceirização: Um Objeto de Luta Político-Cognitiva no Campo Jurídico Brasileiro
Authors: Barbosa Attila Magno e Silva
Published: September 2016

RESUMO Nas últimas três décadas, o fomento das estratégias de flexibilização das relações de trabalho ocorreu em estreita consonância com políticas de inspiração neoliberal. No caso brasileiro, essa situação é delicada devido ao uso excessivo da terceirização e à falta de um marco legal. Isto porque a Súmula 331 do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho é o principal instrumento norteador das decisões judiciais e se mostra insuficiente para fazê-lo adequadamente. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a luta político-cognitiva travada no campo jurídico brasileiro sobre a terceirização. Parte-se do entendimento de que toda luta política é uma luta cognitiva pelo poder de impor a visão legítima do mundo social. Destarte, foram analisados dispositivos legais, interpretações doutrinárias e posicionamentos dos ministros do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho relacionados ao tratamento da terceirização. Com base neste material fez-se uma análise do discurso a fim de identificar as construções jurídicas e ideológicas que orientam os entendimentos dentro do campo jurídico.
A Racionalização da Indústria da Reparação Automotiva e a Resistência dos Mecânicos aos Modelos de Competência e de Empreendedorismo
Authors: Ferreira Laura Senna
Published: September 2016

RESUMO O propósito deste artigo é examinar os processos de racionalização da empresa e do trabalho na indústria da reparação automotiva e as formas de recusa aos mesmos, a partir das práticas de resistência de uma categoria de ofício. Tendo como base um estudo de caso na cidade de Porto Alegre (Brasil), além de entrevistas, etnografia e pesquisa documental, foram analisados os impactos da reestruturação produtiva do complexo automobilístico no setor de serviços de automóveis, a partir dos anos 1990. Observa-se a emergência dos princípios do empreendedorismo e do modelo da competência no campo das oficinas mecânicas, bem como a forma pela qual tais preceitos são contestados pela experiência concreta dos sujeitos.
Uma Relação a Três: O Papel Político e Sociológico do Terceiro no Tratamento dos Conflitos
Authors: Spengler Fabiana Marion
Published: September 2016

RESUMO O presente artigo objetiva discutir o papel político e sociológico do “terceiro” (incluído e excluído) na administração, gestão, tratamento e resolução dos conflitos, tomando como base, especialmente, as teorias de Carl Schmitt (papel político) e de Georg Simmel (papel sociológico). Posteriormente, a análise se voltará para a necessidade do “terceiro” na construção de um “pluriverso” político que fuja da dualidade universalista e binária na qual se encontram envolvidos os atuais conflitos sociais. Para cumprir o objetivo proposto utilizou-se do método de abordagem hermenêutico no qual se pretende partir da análise de categorias consideradas fundamentais para o desenvolvimento do tema (como o conflito social, e o desenvolvimento do papel do terceiro no tratamento de tais conflitos) para então enfrentar o problema propriamente dito. Como método de procedimento utilizou-se o comparativo e como técnica aplicou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica baseada em documentação indireta que serviu de base teórica para o desenvolvimento do estudo.
Estrutura de uma floresta tropical dez anos após exploração de madeira em Moju, Pará
Authors: Jardim Fernando Cristóvam da Silva , Quadros Larissa Corrêa Lopes
Published: September 2016

RESUMO Estudos das dinâmicas florística e estrutural em áreas de exploração florestal permitem avaliar os impactos e fornecem informações básicas para o manejo florestal racional. Nesse contexto, as dinâmicas florística e estrutural foram avaliadas em uma floresta tropical, dez anos após sua exploração madeireira. O experimento foi executado em 200 ha do Campo Experimental da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, em Moju, PA, onde foi feita a exploração madeireira. No entorno de nove clareiras selecionadas foram instaladas faixas de 10 m x 50 m, divididas em parcelas quadradas de 10 m de lado (1 a 5), onde foram inventariadas as plantas com DAP ≥ 5 cm. Nas parcelas 1, 3 e 5 e no centro da clareira foram instaladas subparcelas de 2 m x 2 m, onde foram medidos os indivíduos com altura ≥ 10 cm e DAP < 5 cm. O monitoramento da floresta abrangeu um período de nove anos e meio, entre março de 1998 e outubro de 2007. A análise estrutural foi feita com base nos parâmetros de abundância, frequência, dominância, regeneração natural, posição sociológica e índice de valor de importância ampliado (IVIA), sendo comparadas as estruturas da floresta dos anos de 2007 e 1998. Dez anos após a exploração, a alta heterogeneidade foi mantida e aumentou no povoamento mais jovem, graças ao ingresso de espécies com forte demanda por luz. Entretanto, a composição florística e a estrutura da floresta manejada ainda mostram grande importância de espécies que, em florestas não perturbadas, não teriam grande expressão em termos de IVIA.
AMMI methodology in soybean: Cluster analysis with bootstrap resampling in genetic divergence and stability
Authors: Faria Priscila Neves , Dias Carlos Tadeu dos Santos , Pinheiro José Baldin , Araújo Lúcio Borges de , Cirillo Marcelo Ângelo , Araújo Mirian Fernandes Carvalho
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT This study aimed to propose a clustering methodology with bootstrap resampling using the Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction Analysis (AMMI) to contribute to better prediction of phenotypic stability of genotypes and environments. It also aims to analyze the genetic divergence in the assessment of soybean lines, identify genotypes with high-yielding characteristics, with control of chewing and sucking insect pests, and cluster similar genotypes for the traits evaluated. A total of 24 experiments were conducted in randomized blocks, with two replications subdivided in experimental groups with common controls. AMMI with principal component analysis indicated that PC1 and PC2 were significant, explaining 83.9% of the sum of squares of the interaction. The first singular axis of AMMI analysis captured the highest percentage of "pattern" and, with subsequent accumulation of the dimensions of the axes, there was a decrease in the percentage of "pattern" and an increase in "noise". The Euclidean distance between genotype scores was used as the dissimilarity measure and clusters were obtained by the hierarchical method of Ward. Genotypes 97-8011, 97-8029, 97-8050 and IAS-5 had the best performance and are promising for recommendation purposes, with the greatest stability and best performance on grain yield.
Calcium and potassium contents in nutrient solution on Phoma leaf spot intensity in coffee seedlings
Authors: Catarino Aricléia de Moraes , Pozza Edson Ampélio , Pozza Adélia Aziz Alexandre , Santos Leone Stabile dias , Vasco Gabriel Brandão , Souza Paulo Estevão de
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT Coffee is one of the main export commodities of Brazilian agribusiness. Phoma leaf spot [Phoma tarda (Stewart) Boerema & Bollen] is one of the most important coffee fungal diseases in Brazil. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the intensity of Phoma leaf spot in coffee seedlings supplied with different rates of Ca+2 and K+. The study was conducted under controlled conditions in a growth chamber, at the Department of Phytopathology - UFLA, from February 2010 to December 2011. The assay was repeated twice under the same conditions. The nutrient solutions consisted of five concentrations of K+ (3, 4, 5, 6, 7 mmol L-1) and Ca+2 (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mmol L-1). The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, with 25 treatments and three replicates, with two plants per plot. The areas under incidence progress curve (AUIPC) and severity (AUSPC) were calculated. At the lowest rate of Ca2+ (2 mmol L-1) and highest K+ (6 and 7 mmol L-1), approximately, the AUIPC was the smallest. For the AUSPC, the lowest rates of Ca+2 and K+ resulted in the lowest severities. Supply of Ca+2 and K+ in nutrient solution reduced AUIPC and AUSPC of Phoma leaf spot, and these nutrients can be recommended for the management of the disease.
Crescimento de dois genótipos de maracujazeiro-amarelo sob condições de Salinidade
Authors: Bezerra Jeferson Dutra , Pereira Walter Esfrain , Silva José Madson da , Raposo Roberto Wagner Cavalcanti
Published: September 2016

RESUMO A elevada salinidade do solo, na maioria dos mananciais de diferentes áreas da região nordeste, a qual é considerada a mais expressiva na produção do maracujazeiro-amarelo, tem afetado a formação de mudas e o estabelecimento da cultura sob manejo convencional. Objetivou-se, com este experimento, comparar dois genótipos de maracujazeiro-amarelo, submetidos a diferentes condutividades elétricas (CE) da água de irrigação, em ambiente protegido, por meio de variáveis de crescimento. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, no esquema fatorial 5x2, sendo cinco valores de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação: 0,3; 2,0; 4,0; 6,0 e 8,0 dS m-1, e dois genótipos de maracujazeiro-amarelo: 'BRS Sol do Cerrado' e 'Redondo Amarelo'. O 'BRS Sol do Cerrado' sobressai-se em relação à taxa relativa de crescimento quando comparado com a do 'Redondo Amarelo', cuja taxa reduz com o aumento da salinidade da água. De modo geral, a alta salinidade da água de irrigação promove redução do crescimento dos genótipos estudados.
Desenvolvimento e validação de indicadores de boas práticas de segurança do paciente: Projeto ISEP-Brasil
Authors: Gama Zenewton André da Silva , Saturno-Hernández Pedro Jesus , Ribeiro Denise Nieuwenhoff Cardoso , Freitas Marise Reis de , Medeiros Paulo José de , Batista Almária Mariz , Barreto Analúcia Filgueira Gouveia , Lira Benize Fernandes , Medeiros Carlos Alexandre de Souza , Vasconcelos Cilane Cristina Costa da Silva , Silva Edna Marta Mendes da , Faria Eduardo Dantas Baptista de , Dantas Jane Francinete , Neto Júnior José Gomes , Medeiros Luana Cristina Lins de , Sicolo Miguel Angel , Fonseca Patrícia de Cássia Bezerra , Costa Rosângela Maria Morais da , Monte Francisca Sueli , Melo Neto Veríssimo de
Published: September 2016

Resumo: Um monitoramento eficaz da segurança do paciente precisa focar a implantação de práticas baseadas em evidências que evitem danos desnecessários ligados à assistência à saúde. O objetivo do Projeto ISEP-Brasil foi desenvolver e validar indicadores de boas práticas de segurança do paciente para o contexto brasileiro. Tomou por base a tradução e adaptação dos indicadores validados no Projeto ISEP-Espanha, além do documento Safe Practices for Better Healthcare do National Quality Forum dos Estados Unidos, que possui 34 recomendações de boas práticas. Realizou-se validação por um painel de 25 especialistas e análise da confiabilidade e viabilidade em um estudo-piloto realizado em três hospitais com diferentes tipos de gestão (estadual, federal e privada). Aprovaram-se 75 indicadores de boas práticas (39 de estrutura; 36 de processo) para 31 das 34 recomendações. Os indicadores foram considerados válidos, confiáveis e úteis para o monitoramento da segurança do paciente em hospitais brasileiros.
Eventos adversos e incidentes sem dano em recém-nascidos notificados no Brasil, nos anos 2007 a 2013
Authors: Lanzillotti Luciana da Silva , Andrade Carla Lourenço Tavares de , Mendes Walter , Seta Marismary Horsth De
Published: September 2016

Resumo: O estudo teve o objetivo de analisar os eventos adversos e outros incidentes que não causaram danos em recém-nascidos até 28 dias de vida, notificados no Sistema de Notificações para a Vigilância Sanitária (NOTIVISA) nos anos de 2007 a 2013. Trata-se de estudo quantitativo, descritivo, retrospectivo, com análise de dados secundários. Foram notificados 355 incidentes, desses, 118 (33,3%) relacionaram-se a artigos médicos, 4 (1,1%) a equipamentos médicos, e 233 (65,6%) a medicamentos. No que tange aos medicamentos, o nitrato de prata e os antibióticos foram os mais notificados, e nos artigos e equipamentos médicos, o uso de cateteres venosos como precursores de flebites, o evento adverso mais notificado. O estudo desvela notificações de eventos adversos e de incidentes que não causaram dano, provocando discussões do que efetivamente é considerado dano para aquele que faz a notificação. O desafio para o NOTIVISA é o seu aprimoramento que, como nos demais sistemas de informação, decorre de: uso, crítica e relação com os usuários - notificadores e interessados, tais como as instituições de pesquisa e ensino.
Efetividade da Estratégia Nacional para Alimentação Complementar Saudável na melhoria da alimentação complementar de lactentes em um município do Sul do Brasil
Authors: Baldissera Rosane , Issler Roberto Mário Silveira , Giugliani Elsa Regina Justo
Published: September 2016

Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a efetividade da Estratégia Nacional para Alimentação Complementar Saudável (ENPACS) na melhoria da alimentação complementar no primeiro ano de vida em um município brasileiro. Trata-se de um estudo avaliativo de impacto, envolvendo 340 crianças com idades entre 6 e 12 meses, acompanhadas nas unidades básicas de saúde. Os desfechos avaliados foram prevalência do consumo de verduras, legumes, frutas e alimentos não saudáveis, e prevalência de alimentos com consistência adequada para a idade. A regressão de Poisson revelou que a ENPACS esteve associada a uma redução de 32% no consumo de refrigerante e/ou suco industrializado, 35% no de comidas industrializadas e 5% no consumo de alimentos não saudáveis. Não houve aumento no consumo de frutas, legumes, verduras e alimentos com consistência adequada para a idade. Conclui-se que o efeito positivo da estratégia foi parcial, mas que ela tem potencial de contribuir para a melhoria da alimentação infantil, haja vista sua efetividade na redução do consumo de alimentos não saudáveis.
Vulnerabilidade ambiental, social e viária em acidentes com transporte de produtos perigosos: estudo de caso na BR-101 entre Osório e Torres, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Tinoco Maria Auxiliadora Cannarozzo , Nodari Christine Tessele , Pereira Kimberllyn Rosa da Silva
Published: September 2016

Resumo: O presente estudo objetiva avaliar a vulnerabilidade ambiental e social e identificar trechos críticos, na ocorrência de acidentes com o transporte de produtos perigosos na BR-101, entre os municípios de Osório e Torres, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A abordagem proposta e aplicada neste trabalho consiste de uma análise multicriterial que integra metodologias de análise de segurança viária, análise de vulnerabilidade ambiental e social na ocorrência de acidentes com produtos perigosos, e técnicas de análise de mapas. Os resultados apontaram que 38 quilômetros da rodovia apresentam vulnerabilidade elevada, sendo 8 quilômetros com vulnerabilidade crítica, vinculada à presença de pontes sobre rios, pontos de captação de água, túnel, áreas de preservação ambiental e zona urbana. Esses trechos devem ser priorizados no desenvolvimento de planos de ação para a mitigação de acidentes e definição de políticas públicas na rodovia em estudo. A abordagem utilizada constitui um enfoque inédito em relação aos estudos existentes e uma ferramenta que pode auxiliar no processo de tomada de decisões em operações de emergência.
Avaliação da cascata de cuidado na prevenção da transmissão vertical do HIV no Brasil
Authors: Miranda Angelica Espinosa , Pereira Gerson Fernando Mendes , Araujo Maria Alix Leite , Silveira Mariangela Freitas da , Tavares Leonor De Lannoy , Silva Leila Cristina Ferreira da , Moreira-Silva Sandra Fagundes , Saraceni Valéria
Published: September 2016

Resumo: Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a cascata de cuidado da redução da transmissão vertical do HIV nos estados do Amazonas, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul e no Distrito Federal, usando dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Entre os anos de 2007 e 2012, cresceu a taxa de detecção de HIV na gestação em 5 estados, variando de 7,3% no Distrito Federal a 46,1% no Amazonas, com redução de 18,6% no Rio de Janeiro. Menos de 90% das mulheres usaram antirretroviral durante o pré-natal, incluídas as que já se sabiam portadoras do HIV. A realização de cesárea eletiva foi baixa. A taxa de detecção de AIDS em crianças menores de 5 anos como proxy da transmissão vertical do HIV apresentou uma redução de 6,3% entre 2007 e 2012, sendo a maior no Rio Grande do Sul (50%), que apresentou as maiores taxas do período, enquanto no Espírito Santo ocorreu o maior aumento (50%). A avaliação da cascata do cuidado do HIV na gestante apontou falhas em todos os pontos. É necessária uma conexão entre a atenção básica e os centros de referência para HIV/AIDS, ordenando o cuidado da família e o melhor desfecho para a criança.
"Bomba hormonal": os riscos da contracepção de emergência na perspectiva dos balconistas de farmácias no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Brandão Elaine Reis , Cabral Cristiane da Silva , Ventura Miriam , Paiva Sabrina Pereira , Bastos Luiza Lena , Oliveira Naira Villas Boas Vidal de , Szabo Iolanda
Published: September 2016

Resumo: A pesquisa objetivou conhecer a perspectiva dos balconistas de farmácias sobre a contracepção de emergência na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. O material empírico advém de pesquisa socioantropológica com vinte entrevistas semiestruturadas com balconistas dos sexos feminino (8) e masculino (12). Os entrevistados apresentam concepções negativas sobre a contracepção de emergência, enfatizando os riscos que ela pode provocar à saúde. O medicamento é considerado uma "bomba hormonal" que pode causar danos aos órgãos reprodutivos femininos e outros sistemas do corpo. Eles destacam os riscos do uso "descontrolado" ou "indiscriminado", especialmente por adolescentes e mulheres jovens. Por ser considerado "perigoso" aos corpos femininos, eles atribuem a responsabilidade de orientação e aconselhamento sobre o uso do método aos médicos ginecologistas e não aos farmacêuticos. Discute-se a necessidade de ampliação do debate público sobre contracepção de emergência no Brasil, incluindo-se os farmacêuticos e balconistas de farmácia, além dos profissionais de saúde e educadores.
Saúde e escola: reflexões em torno da medicalização da educação
Authors: Pais Sofia Castanheira , Menezes Isabel , Nunes João Arriscado
Published: September 2016

Resumo: É sabido que à escola chegam crianças e jovens com diferentes pontos de partida. O que não se sabe ao certo é até onde chegam essas crianças e jovens, e que percurso a escola lhes reserva, particularmente numa altura em que os profissionais de educação se veem divididos entre inúmeras tarefas (algumas meramente administrativas) e parece cada vez mais comum atribuir-se ao comportamento "pouco adequado" dos alunos explicações de natureza tendencialmente biomédica. Face à emergência crescente de transtornos e déficits torna-se, assim, inevitável refletir criticamente acerca do que efetivamente acarretam em termos de saúde pública. Este artigo centra-se numa investigação acerca do papel da escola no sucesso educativo e no desenvolvimento integral dos alunos sinalizados ou com indicação médica para ingestão de medicação a partir de diagnósticos "nebulosos". O conceito de medicalização adquire uma dimensão central e as suas implicações são discutidas baseando-se num conjunto de notas de campo e entrevistas realizadas com pais e profissionais de educação da Zona Norte de Portugal.