bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kemampuan Representasi Matematis pada Materi Barisan dan Deret Berdasarkan Gaya Belajar
Authors: Ramadhana Baiq Rachmawatin , Prayitno Sudi , Wulandari Nourma Pramestie , Subarinah Sri
Published: February 2022

This study aims to describe the mathematical representation ability based on the learning styles of students for 11th grade of senior high school 4 Praya Academic year 2020/2021. Type of research used descriptive research with a quantitative approach. In determining the sample used purposive sampling technique. The sample in this study was 60 students of class XII MIPA 4 and XII MIPA 6 SMAN 4 Praya. According results of the research, the conclusion was mathematical representation ability of students with visual learning style reach 51.59 in very low category. The mathematical representation ability of students with auditory learning style reach 64.29 in medium category. The mathematical representation ability of students with kinesthetic learning styles reach 49.89 in very low category. The mathematical representation ability of students with auditory learning style has highest category than students with visual and kinesthetic learning styles.
Kemampuan Literasi Matematika: Kaitannya dengan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah
Authors: Samosir Ernika
Published: February 2022

Kemampuan literasi matematika dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah merupakan kemampuan yang sangat penting dalam pendidikan Matematika. Literasi matematika secara konseptual memiliki keterkaitan dengan kemampuan pemecahan masalah. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini yaitu untuk mengkaji defenisi literasi matematika dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah berdasarkan literatur dan mengkaji keterkaitan dari kedua kemampuan matematis tersebut. Metode dalam penulisan artikel ini yaitu menggunakan metode studi literatur. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengkaji artikel, makalah konferensi dan juga buku yang terkait. Dari 40 artikel awal, hanya ada 32 artikel yang sesuai kriteria yaitu terbitan 10 tahun terakhir dan juga terindeks Sinta atau Scopus. Dari hasil kajian, disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan pemecahan masalah merupakan komponen kompetensi dalam literasi matematika. Sehingga keberadaan kemampuan pemecahan masalah dalam individu akan mempengaruhi kemampuan literasi matematika.
Trends and Variation in the Gap Between Current and Anticipated Life Satisfaction in the United States, 2008–2020
Authors: Riley Carley , Herrin Jeph , Lam Veronica , Parsons Allison A. , Kaplan George A. , Liu Diana , Witters Dan , Krumholz Harlan M. , Roy Brita
Published: February 2022

Objectives. To describe national- and county-level trends and variation in a novel measure of hope.

Methods. Using data from the Gallup National Health and Well-Being Index (n = 2 766 728), we summarized the difference between anticipated life satisfaction (ALS) and current life satisfaction (CLS), measured by the Cantril Self-Anchoring Scale, for each year from 2008 to 2020 and by county over two 5-year periods in the United States.

Results. Across all years, there was a significant positive trend in the difference between ALS and CLS for the nation (P = .024), which remained positive but not significant when we excluded 2020. Maintenance of ALS with a decrease in CLS drove the 2020 increase. From 2008–2012 to 2013–2017, 14.5% of counties with 300 or more responses (n = 599) experienced an increase in the difference of more than 1 SD, whereas 13.9% experienced a more than 1 SD decrease. Fifty-two counties experienced decreases in ALS and CLS.

Conclusions. Responding to trends in the gap between ALS and CLS at national and local levels is essential for the collective well-being of our nation, especially as we navigate and emerge from crisis.
Health Benefits of Strategies for Carbon Mitigation in US Transportation, 2017‒2050
Authors: Maizlish Neil , Rudolph Linda , Jiang Chengsheng
Published: February 2022

Objectives. To quantify health benefits and carbon emissions of 2 transportation scenarios that contrast optimum levels of physical activity from active travel and minimal air pollution from electric cars.

Methods. We used data on burden of disease, travel, and vehicle emissions in the US population and a health impact model to assess health benefits and harms of physical activity from transportation-related walking and cycling, fine particulate pollution from car emissions, and road traffic injuries. We compared baseline travel with walking and cycling a median of 150 weekly minutes for physical activity, and with electric cars that minimized carbon pollution and fine particulates.

Results. In 2050, the target year for carbon neutrality, the active travel scenario avoided 167 000 deaths and gained 2.5 million disability-adjusted life years, monetized at $1.6 trillion using the value of a statistical life. Carbon emissions were reduced by 24% from baseline. Electric cars avoided 1400 deaths and gained 16 400 disability-adjusted life years, monetized at $13 billion.

Conclusions. To achieve carbon neutrality in transportation and maximize health benefits, active travel should have a prominent role along with electric vehicles in national blueprints. (Am J Public Health. 2022; 112(3):426–433. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306600 )
Combined Surgical Dislocation and Periacetabular Osteotomy for Complex Residual Legg-Calvé-Perthes Deformities
Authors: Nepple Jeffrey J. , Freiman Serena , Pashos Gail , Thornton Tanner , Schoenecker Perry L. , Clohisy John C.
Published: February 2022

Update

This article was updated on May 27, 2022, because of an incorrect URL for the Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest on page 780.

An erratum has been published: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2022 Jul 6;104(13):e61.

Background:

Residual Legg-Calvé-Perthes (LCP) deformities represent one of the most challenging disorders in hip reconstructive surgery. In complex cases, both instability (acetabular dysplasia) and multifocal femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) (proximal femoral deformities) require correction. We assessed intermediate-term patient-reported outcome measures, radiographic correction, complications, and survivorship for combined surgical dislocation (SD) and periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) for the treatment of complex LCP deformities.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was performed on 31 hips with complex LCP deformities undergoing combined SD and PAO for concurrent instability and FAI. Treatment included femoral head reshaping, trochanteric advancement and relative femoral neck lengthening, management of intra-articular lesions, and PAO. Twenty-seven hips (87%) had a minimum follow-up of 5 years. The mean age was 19.8 years, 56% of patients were female, and 44% of patients had undergone a previous surgical procedure.

Results:

At a mean of 8.4 years, 85% of hips (23 of 27) remained preserved (no conversion to total hip arthroplasty). The survivorship estimates were 93% at 5 years and 85% at 10 years. The median (and interquartile range) increased from 64 points (55, 67 points) to 92 points (70, 97 points) (p < 0.001) for the modified Harris hip score (mHHS) and from 60 points (45, 75 points) to 86 points (75, 100 points) (p = 0.001) for the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain score. Symptoms (mHHS < 70 points) were reported for an additional 19% of hips (n = 5) at the final follow-up. The University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) activity score increased from a median of 8 points (6, 10 points) to 9 points (7, 10 points) (p = 0.207). Structural correction included mean improvement (and standard deviation) of 15.3° ± 7.6° for acetabular inclination, 20.7° ± 10.8° for the lateral center-edge angle, 23.4° ± 16.3° for the anterior center-edge angle, and 18 ± 10 mm for trochanteric height (p < 0.001 for all). Complications occurred in 2 hips (7%), including 1 deep wound infection and 1 superficial wound infection. There was 1 reoperation due to complication, but there were no nerve palsies, thromboembolic events, fractures, or nonunions.

Conclusions:

At an intermediate follow-up of combined SD and PAO for complex LCP deformities, 85% of hips were preserved. This procedure provides reliable deformity correction, major pain relief, improved function, and acceptable complication and failure rates.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
TRANSMISSION OF SARS-CoV-2 CAN BE CONTROLLED BY ADOPTING STANDARD SAFETY PROCEDURES AND USING PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE).
Authors: Elmaghrabi Marwa M.
Published: February 2022

A pneumonia or respiratory illness of unknown source was detected in China during the late 2019,[2] that was identified afterward as a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genomic material called SARS-CoV-2. World Health Organization (WHO) declared that as nCoV- 19 or COVID-19. The person to person transmission of the virus is rapid by close contact and droplets produced when infected patients talk, sneeze or cough. The virus may also be transferred by touching the contaminated surfaces followed by contacting the nose, mouth or eyes.
Teaching first order phase transition using a zipper model
Authors: Perayil Reshma , Murkoth Udayanandan Kandoth , Pulinchery Prasanth
Published: February 2022

In 1968, Kittel published the zipper model for demonstrating the first order phase transition which is applicable to DNA like structures. This paper utilize this model to explain the behavior of many thermodynamic properties before, at and after phase transition to get a clear picture about what the changes are happening to the system during phase transition. Many textbooks say that entropy and volume show discontinuity at phase transition whereas Gibbs free energy is continuous. The zipper model shows that energy is also discontinuous as shown in the paper. Understanding the phase transition is still a difficult topic for the undergraduate students and hopefully this paper can help them to overcome this difficulty.
Influence of raw milk quality attributes on its pricing in Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Waseem
Published: February 2022

In developing countries, milk quality characteristics are not maintained by the milk producers and the middlemen. This study initially estimates the influence of various milk quality attributes on its price and then estimate the effect of socio-demographic characteristics on the marginal price of the milk components. Data collected from milk consumers through personal interview method, and milk sample took from the same consumers are used to estimate a two-stage hedonic model. In the first stage, prices were estimated for milk components and in the second stage, implicit price of each component was used as the dependent variable. The first stage results show that fat, solids-not-fat, total plate counts, color, and pleasant aroma have a significant impact on the milk price. The second stage results indicate that fat and solids-not-fat values are a function of the sociodemographic characteristics of consumers. To maintain milk quality attributes, we recommend the establishment of chilling centers for maintenance of quality, checkpoints and mobile laboratories for testing quality, provision of basic testing equipment at subsidized rates, hygiene awareness program for stakeholders in value chain, health risk awareness for consumers consuming raw milk and its products, and introduction and popularization of enzyme-based lactoperoxidase preservation technology.
Multivariate analysis of morpho-physiological and grain yield traits in advance lines of bread wheat under different leaf rust disease regimes
Authors: Jabran Muhammad
Published: February 2022

Leaf rust disease affects the wheat crop in several countries around the globe and it can influence the grain yield and its components. This research was carried out using 35 wheat genotypes during the growing season of 2016-2017 with 3 replications by RCBD under contrasting rust disease regimes. The statistical techniques used for the multivariate analyses include the calculations of correlations, principal components and clusters. The data about various physiological traits, grain yield components and disease severity were recorded under high disease pressure and maximum disease control conditions. Correlation analysis showed highly significant positive relationship of disease severity with relative membrane permeability but negative association with chlorophyll contents in the flag leaf and some yield attributes. In control conditions, the relative water content exhibited a highly significant positive relationship with the flag leaf area while highly significant negative relationship was observed with specific flag leaf weigh under disease condition. Principal component analysis demonstrated that first 4 PCs having eigenvalue >1 elucidated 73.578% and 82.80% of the total variation under diseased and control conditions respectively. Cluster analysis grouped 35 wheat genotypes among four different clusters. The members of cluster 1 revealed the maximum disease severity under control condition, but the disease severity was maximum for cluster 4 under disease condition. Scatter plot explained that, not a single cluster showed clear separation. The tree diagram also indicated that diversity in different disease conditions is controlled by genotypes. The results concluded that this genetic diversity could be helpful to the researchers and breeders for future objectives to enhance the food production and leaf resistance in bread wheat. Keywords: Wheat, Leaf rust, Multivariate analysis, Genetic diversity, Morpho-physiological traits
Clear evidence against superconductivity in hydrides under high pressure
Authors: Hirsch J. E. , Marsiglio F.
Published: February 2022

The Meissner effect, magnetic field expulsion, is a hallmark of superconductivity. Associated with it, superconductors exclude applied magnetic fields. Recently Minkov et al. presented experimental results reportedly showing “definitive evidence of the Meissner effect” in sulfur hydride and lan-thanum hydride under high pressure1, and more recently Eremets et al. argued that "the arguments against superconductivity (in hydrides) can be either refuted or explained"2. Instead, we show here that the evidence presented in those papers does not support the case for superconductivity in these materials. Together with experimental evidence discussed in earlier papers, we argue that this clearly indicates that hydrides under pressure are not high temperature superconductors.
Transcriptome analysis of spleen in chickens administered β-glucan derived from yeast cell wall
Authors: Cao Liting , Zhang Jianrong , Huang Huan , Gui Fuxing , xu Wei , Bi Shicheng
Published: February 2022

Background
Our previous study shown that oral administration of a product contained yeast cell wall polysaccharides enhanced immune responses elicited by Newcastle disease virus and changed microbial community of cecum in chickens.
Results
The present study was design to investigate the potential molecular mechanism in relation to the immunomodulation of β-glucan in chickens. Using RNA-sequence (RNA-seq) technique, we identified 198 differential expression genes (DEGs) in spleen in chickens after oral administration of β-glucan. In addition, these DEGs were significantly enriched in 205 Gene Ontology (GO) terms and 7 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways.
Conclusions
β-glucan might regulate chicken immune system by regulating expression of genes involved in cognition, cytokines, binding, enzyme activities and multiple signaling pathway.
Excellent outcomes arising from haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation in 64 children with chronic granulomatous disease: a retrospective study from a single-center
Authors: Tang Xiang-Feng , He Jian-xin , Lu Wei , Xi Xiao-Qin , Cao Xiu-Yan , Jing Yuan-Fang
Published: February 2022

Background: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a radical treatment for certain refractory patients with CGD. Haplo-HSCT have been used as treatments for CGD, however, only a few cases have been reported from a single center. There have been no previous publications relating to the combination of Haplo-HSCT combined with tp-UCB for the treatment of CGD. Here, we present the outcomes of 64 pediatric patients with CGD who underwent Haplo-HSCT combined with tp-UCB in our center.Methods: From May 2014 to November 2020, 64 consecutive children with CGD underwent allo-HSCT from Haplo-HSCT combined with tp-UCB in our center. We retrospectively collected their clinical data and analyzed the TRM, OS, and EFS survival.Results: The median days of neutrophil and platelet engraftment were 13 days and 22 days respectively. The cumulative incidence of grade III-IV aGVHD was 15.6% and that of cGVHD was 7.8%. In total, 60 patients achieved EFS during a median follow-up period of 885 days. The cumulative incidence of TRM, OS, and EFS were 6.9%, 93.1%, and 84.6%, respectively. Conclusion: Collectively, our data indicate that Haplo-HSCT combined with tp-UCB, can both provide good therapeutic effects for children with CGD.
An approach for evaluation of grading forecasting index of coal spontaneous combustion by temperature-programmed analysis
Authors: Wang Kai , Li Yang , Zhang Yanni , Deng Jun
Published: February 2022

Focused on the prediction and forecast index of coal spontaneous combustion, the temperature-programmed experiments were carried out to identify the releasing rule of the gaseous compounds with the consideration of coal particle sizes. Based on the method of growth rate analysis, critical and dry cracking temperature temperatures were determined, dividing the coal low-temperature oxidation process into three stages. The critical temperature for the spontaneous combustion of the coal is in the range of 60℃~70℃, with the dry cracking temperature ranging from 100℃ to 110℃. It was found that the particle sizes had obvious effects on the release of gaseous compounds during the coal heating test. To reduce the influence of coal particle size on the forecasting of coal spontaneous combustion, the combination methods of coefficient of variation and the weighted grey relational analysis were proposed for the selection and evaluation of coal spontaneous combustion indexes. For the tested coal sample, CO2/CO was selected as the first index, O2/(CO+CO2) and CO2/O2 as the second index. C2H4 and C2H6 were selected as the index gases to confirm that the coal oxidation reached the dry cracking temperature. This research could provide a reference for the determination of the grading forecasting index of coal spontaneous combustion.
A cross-sectional study of Simulium damnosum s.l. breeding sites and species distribution in sudan savanna, mixed savanna-forest and rainforest regions in Cameroon
Authors: Ayisi Franklin , Sedou Naniogué , Dieunang Stephanie Kouahou , Yaya Florent , Tchago Edmond François , Ndellejong Cosmas Ejong , Biholong Benjamin , Boakye Daniel Adjei
Published: February 2022

Background: The presence of breeding sites and distribution of species of Simulium damnosum s.l are critical in understanding the epidemiology of onchocerciasis and evaluating the impact of elimination interventions. Reports on breeding sites and species distribution of members of S. damnosum s.l in Cameroon are scarce and the few available date back to more than 3 decades. The aim of this study is to provide information on S. damnosum breeding sites across the rainy (RS) and dry (DS) seasons and the species composition in three different regions in Cameroon: Southwest (SW), Northwest (NW) and North (N).Methods: A cross-sectional two-seasons study was carried out in three regions with different ecological characteristics (SW – rainforest; NW- mixed forest-Guinea savanna; N- Sudan savanna). Pre-control onchocerciasis endemicity, relief maps and historical entomological information were used to identify potential rivers for purposive sampling. Sampled larvae were fixed in Carnoy’s solution, sorted and S. damnosum s.l larvae stored until identification by cytotaxonomy. Geographical coordinates of potential breeding sites were recorded to produce maps using ArcGIS, while SPSS used for Chi-square test to estimate difference between blackfly seasonal breeding rates.Results: 237 potential breeding sites were sampled (RS=81; DS=156) and 72 were found positive for S. damnosum s.l. SW had the most positive sites [67 (RS=24; DS=43)], having significant difference in rate of breeding between the seasons (p<0.05). Among 68 sites visited in both seasons, 16(23.5%) were positive in one of two seasons, 14(20.6%) and 38(55.9%) respectively positive and negative in both seasons, and more sites positive in DS(11) than in RS(05). Simulium damnosum s.s and S. sirbanum were the main species in N while S. squamosum and S. mengense the predominant species in NW and SW. S. soubrense and S. yahense were uniquely recorded in SW.Conclusions: A comprehensive mapping of breeding sites requires rainy and dry seasons sampling. Study also demonstrates S. damnosum s.l breeding site survey is achievable in forest as in savanna zones. Not all potential breeding sites are actual breeding sites. Observation of S. soubrense in SW indicates changes in species composition over time and could affect onchocerciasis epidemiology in this area.
Over 200,000 kilometers of river-fish habitat is lost to impoundments in Europe.
Authors: Parasiewicz Piotr , Belka Kamila , Lapinska Malgorzata , Ławniczak Karol , Prus Paweł , Adamczyk Mikołaj , Buras Paweł , Szlakowski Jacek , Kaczkowski Zbigniew , Krause Konga , O'Keeffe Joanna , Suska Katarzyna , Ligięza Janusz , Melcher Andreas , O'Hanley Jesse , Birnie-Gauvin Kim , Aarestrup Kim , Jones Peter , Jones Joshua , de Leaniz Carlos Garcia , Tummers Jeroen , Consuegra Sofia , Kemp Paul , Schwedhelm Hannah , Popek Zbigniew , Segura Gilles , Vallesi Sergio , Zalewski Maciej , Wiśniewolski Wiesław
Published: February 2022

We estimate over 200,000 km or 10% of previously free-flowing river habitat length has been lost due to impoundments, an amount equivalent to the entire length of rivers in Italy. This loss strongly depends on the biogeographical location and a type of impounding barrier. European rivers are disconnected by more than one million man-made barriers that physically limit or completely block aquatic species migration and contribute to the loss of freshwater habitats8. One of the pervasive effects of barriers is the one caused by impoundment, which directly modifies lotic (flowing) stretches of river into lentic (lake-like) habitats5. Depending on structure and composition of fish communities expected at the barrier location the biological consequences may vary. EU-wide analysis of fish communities observed at river sections with low human induced alteration resulted in a macrohabitat classification of European rivers into 15 river types with expected fish community structure. This set a baseline for assessing the impacts of six main barrier types (dams, weirs, sluices, culverts, ramps, and fords) on river fish habitats across Europe. The largest habitat losses are caused by dams, weirs and sluices in mountainous areas where fish most sensitive to ponding are expected. Although many impoundments are smaller than in lowlands their individual impacts are the greatest. Hence, regional variation in the magnitude of impoundment impact is not only a function of barrier height and density, but to large extent of biogeographical location and barrier type. Strategies for enhancing European riverine biodiversity should focus on prioritization of most sensitive regions and barrier types causing high degree of habitat fragmentation. This work is based on four novel methodological approaches: fish community grouping into habitat use guilds, continental river reference model for ecological sound river management, landscape scale application of physical habitat models and conceptual model of impoundment impacts on fish habitat.
Dexmedetomidine preconditioning alleviates H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells via p38MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Long Songkai , Zhong Huanhui , Zhao Chengda , Xia Dan , Liang Na , Zhou Qier , Li Wanjun , Liu Jia , Wang Baiyun
Published: February 2022

Background: Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the main cause of perioperative organ injury, and the morbidity increase constantly in population. Due to a lack of effective treatment, IRI is associated with a high mortality rate. Thus, we need to discover an effective means to alleviate IRI.Methods: HUVECs were treated with different concentrations of H2O2 alone and in combination with Dex to explore the dose-effect relationship of different concentrations of H2O2 and Dex on HUVEC. In order to explore the relationship between Dex and p38MAPK signal pathway, HUVEC was treated with SB202190, an inhibitor of p38MAPK signal pathway. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 method. ELISA kit was used to detect lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Fluorescence probe DCFH-DA staining was used to detect ROS level. Flow cytometry analysis with Propidium Iodide (PI) was used to determine the rate of cell apoptosis. And the protein expression of p-p38MAPK, total p38MAPK, p-ERK1/2 and caspase9 was detected by western blot.Results: 1）H2O2 could damage HUVEC and lead to the release of LDH. The higher the concentration of H2O2, the more severe the injury. 2）Dex pretreatment attenuated H2O2-induced oxidative stress injury and apoptosis of HUVEC. The cell activity of HUVEC increase as Dex concentration increase, the release of LDH decreased, the intracellular ROS level and apoptosis rate decreased, the protein expression of p-p38MAPK and caspase9 decreased, while the protein expression of p-ERK1/2 increased. 3）Dex had the same effect as SB202190, an inhibitor of p38MAPK signaling pathway. After the application of SB202190, the activity of HUVECs increased significantly, while LDH, intracellular ROS and apoptosis rate decreased significantly. Western blot showed that the protein expression of p-p38MAPK and caspase9 decreased significantly, while the protein levels of p-ERK1/2 increased significantly.Conclusion: 1）Dex attenuates H2O2-induced oxidative stress injury and apoptosis of HUVEC in a concentration-dependent. 2）Dex may attenuate H2O2-induced oxidative stress injury and apoptosis of HUVEC by inhibiting p38MAPK signal pathway.
Factors of family impact in a Swedish-German cohort of children born with esophageal atresia
Authors: Dellenmark-Blom Michaela , Abrahamsson Kate , Dingemann Jens , Witt Stefanie , Dingemann Carmen , Jönsson Linus , Gatzinsky Vladimir , Bullinger Monika , Ure Benno M , Chaplin John E , Quittman Julia H
Published: February 2022

Background: After repair of esophageal atresia (EA), childhood survivors commonly present with digestive and respiratory morbidity, and around 55% have associated anomalies. Although it is known that these problems can reduce health-related quality of life in children with EA, less is understood about the impact on the family. We aimed to identify factors related to family impact in children with EA. Methods: One parent each of a child with EA (2-18 years) in 180 families from Sweden and Germany answered the PedsQL™ Family Impact Module as the dependent variable. The independent variables were the child's parent-reported health-related quality of life as measured by PedsQLTM 4.0, current symptoms, school situation, and parent/family characteristics together with child clinical data from the medical records. Results: Stepwise multivariable regression analysis showed a multifactorial model of the total family impact scores (R2=0.60), with independent factors being the child's overall generic health-related quality of life, school-absence ≥1/month, severe tracheomalacia, a family receiving carer's allowance, and a parent with no university/college education, p<0.05. Logistic regression analysis showed that an increased number of symptoms in the child the preceding four weeks lowered the family impact scores; however, the child's feeding (R2=0.35) and digestive symptoms (R2=0.25) explained more in the variation of scores than the child's respiratory symptoms (R2=0.09), p<0.0001. Conclusions: Family functioning may be a contributing factor to the maintenance of child health. The study findings suggest multifactorial explanations to family impact in children with EA, which are essential when optimizing the support to these families in clinical and psychosocial practice. Future research should explore experiences of family impact from all family members’ perspectives and multicenter studies are warranted to understand better the effectiveness of psychosocial-educational interventions to families of children with EA.
Effect of GaAlAs 940nm Photobiomodulation on palatal wound healing after Free Gingival Graft Surgery: A split mouth randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Tehrani Ghazal Morshedzadeh , Aslroosta Hoori , Vafaei Mahsa
Published: February 2022

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on wound healing, pain, and discomfort at free gingival graft (FGG) donor sites.Methods: Sixteen patients in need of bilateral FGG were selected for this randomized, controlled, triple-blinded, and split mouth clinical trial. The FGG donor sites in test group were treated with LLLT GaAlAs 940nm, 5J/cm2 immediately after surgery and every other day within the following ten days. The control group received sham irradiation. Remaining Wound Area (RWA), Epithelialization and color match were evaluated on the day of surgery and 7, 14, 21, 28, and 60 days after surgery. A questionnaire was administered to measure pain and bleeding in the first ten days after surgery. Results: RWA was significantly smaller in the test than control group on the days 7 (P<0.001) and 14 (P=0.048) after the surgery. Bleeding was higher in the test group than in the control group on the day of surgery (P=0.046). Pain and discomfort at the palatal donor site, however, had no significant difference between laser and control group during 11 days after the surgery (P> 0.05), nor did the Color match scores on the 28th and 60th days after the surgery (P> 0.05). Conclusions: It can be concluded that PBM enhances FGG donor site wound healing one and two weeks after the surgery.Trial registration: IRCT2017092036203N2, registered 01.11.2017.
Fluctuating nanofluid environments induce prebiotic condensation in water
Authors: de Herrera A. Greiner , Markert T. , Trixler F.
Published: February 2022

A long-standing, crucial problem in the research on the chemical evolution towards the origin of life is the so-called “water paradox”. It states that although water is essential to life, key chemical reactions such as the synthesis of RNA are inhibited by it. Current strategies to circumvent this paradox have low prebiotic plausibility when taking the conservative nature of evolution into account. Here, we report a solution to overcome the paradox in line with evolutionary conservatism. The solution enables spontaneous abiotic RNA formation in aqueous environments. It is based on fluctuating nanofluid conditions that alter critical properties of water. These conditions are generated in temporal nanoconfinements that emerge in aqueous particle suspensions of varied composition – a geochemically ubiquitous and thus prebiotic highly plausible environment. We demonstrate that this type of abiotic environment allows prebiotic condensation reactions in water under stable, moderate conditions and is consistent with the basic principle that evolution builds on existing pathways, as living cells also work with temporal nanoconfined water. Our results not only contribute to key issues in prebiotic chemistry as they trace evolutionary conservatism back to the era of prebiotic chemical evolution of biopolymers and combine this with a setting of geochemical ubiquity. They are also highly relevant for the development of green chemistry approaches in materials science and nanotechnology, as demonstrated by biomolecular catalysis of organic semiconductor deposition under such conditions.
Reducing household air pollution exposure to improve early child growth and development; a randomized control trial protocol for the "Poriborton-Extension: The CHANge trial".
Authors: Raynes-Greenow Camille H , Billah SK Masum , Islam Sajia , Rokonuzzaman SM , Tofail Fahmida , Kirkwood Elizabeth , Alam Ashraful , Chartier Ryan , Ferdous Tarana E , Arifeen Shams El , Dibley Michael , Homaira Nusrat , Hayes Alison , Thornburg Jonathan , Kelly Patrick
Published: February 2022

Background : Globally, household air pollution (HAP) is a leading environmental cause of morbidity and mortality. Our trial aims to assess the impact of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) for cooking to reduce household air pollution exposure on child health outcomes, compared to usual cooking practices in Bangladesh. The primary aim is to evaluate if reduced exposure to HAP through the provision of LPG for cooking from early gestation through to age two improves child anthropometry, health and neuro-cognitive developmental outcomes, compared to children exposed to emissions from usual practice. Methods : Two-arm parallel cluster randomized controlled trial (cCRT). We will extend the intervention and follow-up of our existing ‘Poriborton’ trial. In a subset of the original surviving participants, we will supply LPG cylinders and LPG stoves (intervention) compared to usual cooking practices and extend the follow-up to 24 months of age. The expected final sample size, for both (intervention and control) is 1854 children with follow-up to two years of age available for analysis. Discussion : This trial will answer important research gaps related to HAP and child health and neuro-cognitive developmental outcomes. This evidence will help to understand the impact of a HAP intervention on child health to inform policies for the adoption of clean fuel in Bangladesh and other similar settings. Trial registration : The Poriborton: Change trial: Household Air Pollution and Perinatal and early Neonatal mortality is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12618001214224, original trial registered on 19th July 2018, extension approved on 23rd June 2021. www.anzctr.org.au.
Risk Factors of Postoperative Septic Cardiomyopathy in Perioperative Sepsis Patients
Authors: Xin Yuchang , Ge Ying , Chang Liuhui , Ni Yong , Liu Hairui , Zhu Jiang
Published: February 2022

Objective: This study aimed to clarify the relevant risk factors of septic cardiomyopathy (SCM) in perioperative sepsis patients. Methods: This retrospective study evaluated patients who were diagnosed with sepsis during the perioperative period and postoperatively admitted to the ICU in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, and the Suzhou Municipal Hospital between January 2017 and November 2020. They were divided into 2 groups as the septic cardiomyopathy group (SCM group) and non-septic cardiomyopathy group (NSCM group). Significant factors in the multivariate logistic regression analysis (i.e., P<0.1) were used to establish a model and screen risk factors for SCM. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to reflect the discriminative capability of the model. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test was used to evaluate the calibration capability of the model.Result: Among the 269 patients, 49 patients had SCM. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=2.535, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.186-1.821, P=0.000]) and endoscopic surgery (AOR=3.154, 95% CI: 1.173-8.477, P=0.023]) were identified to be independent risk factors for SCM. Patients with a SOFA score ≥7 had a 46.831-fold higher risk of SCM (AOR =46.831, 95% CI: 10.511-208.662, P<0.05). The model had good discriminative capability (area under the curve: 0.902 [95% CI: 0.852-0.953]) and calibration capability (c²=4.401, P=0.819). The predictive accuracy was 86.2%. The rates of mechanical ventilation and tracheotomy were significantly higher in the SCM group than in the NSCM group (all P<0.05). The SCM group also had significantly longer duration of mechanical ventilation (P<0.05) and significantly higher rates of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and CRRT-related mortality (P<0.05). Further, the total length of stay and hospitalization cost were significantly higher in the SCM group than in the NSCM group (P<0.05).Conclusion: Endoscopic surgery and SOFA score ≥7 during postoperative ICU admission are independent risk factors for SCM within 48 hours postoperatively in patients with perioperative sepsis.
Secondary Stabbing Headache Associated with COVID-19: A case report
Authors: Akhlaq Hira , Li Mian , Nava Victor E
Published: February 2022

Although COVID-19 is mainly an acute viral illness, persistent symptoms are common. However, headache is not a frequent sequela of this disease. Furthermore, stabbing/ice-pick cephalalgia has been reported in <10% of cases of COVID-19, and recurrent forms occurring after vaccination against the disease have not been published yet. We present here an unusual short-lasting unilateral stabbing/ice-pick headache with recurrent periodicity over 10 months, which may represent a sequela of COVID-19. The cephalalgia presented in a 55-year-old male with no significant medical problems approximately four months after the acute onset of COVID-19, and recurred twice twelve days after the second dose of Covid-19 vaccination with BNT162b2 (Pfizer). This report represents a contribution to the semiological pattern of COVID-19-related cephalea.
Multitemporal Landslide Exposure And Vulnerability Assessment In Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Kühnl Marlene , Sapena Marta , Wurm Michael , Geiß Christian , Taubenböck Hannes
Published: February 2022

Landslides are often deadly natural events. Steep slopes and certain loose soil types are predestined areas for them. Moreover, in the context of climate change, extreme weather events such as heavy rainfall, which often trigger landslides, are becoming even more likely. All this is well known. It therefore stands to reason that this knowledge will lead to the avoidance of these risks. On the other hand, however, there are highly dynamic urbanization processes which often overtake formal urban planning processes by rising population figures and areal expansion. In the course of these processes, economically-deprived population groups often have no other option than to informally build on high-risk areas. Against these backgrounds, we systematically examine in this study how these risks develop over a 24 years’ time period with respect to the city-wide exposure and in particular with respect to different social groups. For this purpose, we use heterogeneous input data from remote sensing, hazard maps and census data. Our case study is the city of Medellín in Colombia. We develop and apply a set of methods integrating the heterogenous data sets to map, quantify and monitor exposure and social vulnerability at a finer spatial resolution than administrative units. Our results document first of all the highly dynamic growth in total population and urban areas. However, our results reveal that the city's expansion is socially unevenly distributed. People of higher vulnerability proxied by informal settlements are found to settle in significantly more areas exposed to landslides. This study proposes a methodological set-up that allows to monitor exposure and social vulnerability over long time spans, allows to bring inequality into the spotlight and provide decision makers with better information to develop socially responsible policies.
Perceptions of Climate Change and Determinants of Adaptation Decisions of Smallholder Maize (Zea mays L.) Farmers in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.
Authors: Redda Alem , Tana Tamado , Alemayehu Yibekal , Hadgu Gebre , Elias Bisrat , Girma Atkilt
Published: February 2022

Climatic calamities are posing serious challenges to smallholder maize (Zea mays L.) farmers in Ethiopia. Adapting to climate change is mostly location-specific, and its effectiveness depends on local institutions and socioeconomic settings. This study was conducted to elucidate maize farmers’ perceptions of climate change; to investigate its impacts; to identify local adaptation strategies practiced by maize farmers and the factors that determine farmers’ choice of adaptation decisions in Tigray, northern Ethiopia. Primary data were collected from samples of 250 maize farmers using household questionnaires. Descriptive statistics (to analyze the data on socio-economic characteristics and perceptions), and a multinomial logit model (to estimate the factors that influence farmers’ adaptation decisions) were utilized. Majority (91.2%) of the farmers have perceived climate change and the main indicators of climate change were erratic ( low) rainfall ( 88.4% ), rising temperatures ( 83.2% ), and increased frequency of drought (79.2%). Decreasing soil fertility (83%) and decreasing crop yields (78%) are the major impacts due to climate change. Hence , 92.8% of the farmers have made adaptation attempts mainly by using crop-livestock integration (24%) and use of improved maize varieties (20.8%). The econometric analysis indicated that age, gender, education , farm size, livestock ownership, lack of access to credit services and poor economic status were the key determinants that influenced the farmers’ choice of adaptation decisions. Supporting the maize farmers’ indigenous adaptation strategies with a wide range of institutional, policy, and technology at both the farmer and the farm level is crucial.
Chemical Treatment of Banana Blossom Peels Adsorbent as New Approach for Manganese Removal: Isotherm and Kinetic Studies
Authors: Rudi Nurul Nadia , Apandi Najeeha Mohd , Suliza Mimi , Omar Suhair , Sunar Norshuhaila Mohamed , Chuan Lee Te , Nagarajah Ramathasan
Published: February 2022

The current study determined the potential of chemical modified banana blossom peels (BBP) as an adsorbent for the removal of manganese (Mn) from water. The BBP adsorbent was characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmet Teller (BET). The effects of the solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial manganese concentration and contact time towards the adsorption process were evaluated in batch adsorption studies. FESEM analysis displayed a deeper dents and rough internal surface that cater for deposition of Mn, while EDX analysis detected the presence of C, O, and Na elements (before adsorption); C, O and Mn (after adsorption). FTIR analysis revealed presence hydroxyl, carboxylic and amino groups which are responsible for the adsorption process. Moreover, XRD analysis showed that the structure of the BBP adsorbent is amorphous. The BET surface area of BBP adsorbent was 2.12 m2/g with the total pore volume of 0.0139 cm3/g and average pore diameter of 64.35 nm. The BBP adsorbent showed promising results of 98% Mn removal at optimum condition of pH 7, 0.5 g (adsorbent dosage), 10 mg/L of Mn initial concentration in 150 min contact time. Adsorption isotherm data were fitted with linear Langmuir and linear Freundlich model best fit with R2 > 0.98, while the adsorption process take place as a function of chemisorption process as determined using linear pseudo-second order kinetics. The maximum desorption rate of Mn was achieved at 92% in the first cycle with recovery rate of 94.18% Mn removal within 30 min using 0.1 M HCl. These findings confirmed the potential BBP as a natural adsorbent for Mn removal as an effective treatment option for enhancing wastewater quality.
A novel prognostic signature for colorectal cancer based on seven-metabolic-related genes
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Li Dongmei , Chen Mei , Chen Xiaoli , Zhang Yu
Published: February 2022

Emerging studies have suggested that metabolic enzymes and transporters (METs) have a close relationship with cancer development. However, the prognostic value and the associated mechanisms of METs in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. In this study, our aim was to identify prognostic MET signature and elucidate the potential underlying mechanism of MET in regulating CRC process. A total of 326 differential expression of MET genes (DEMETs) were identified by Limma R package with data downloaded from TCGA and GEO databases. Univariate and multivariate Cox regressions identified GDPD3, AQP8, GPX3, HPGD, CKMT2, CPT2 and CLCA1 as a robust prognostic METs signature, followed by the construction of the risk score model and nomogram in predicting the prognosis of CRC patient. TIDE algorithm showed that CRC patients in low- and high-risk groups had different response to immunotherapy. Somatic processes were downloaded from the GDC database and found that MUC16, FAT4, BDP1, CMYA5, ZNF735, CENPE, SLITRK2, ZNF208, CFAP46 and ALDH1A2 were the top 10 mutated genes in both the high- and low-risk groups. Moreover, a pharmacological network including HPGD, 38 active compounds and 115 herbs was constructed. These findings enrich our understanding of the relationships among METs, immune, and CRC, and may provide novel ideas in the treatment of CRC patients.
Experiences and Perceptions of Nurses Participating in an Interprofessional, Videoconference-Based Educational Programme on Concurrent Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Chicoine Gabrielle , Côté José , Pepin Jacinthe , Boyer Louise , Rouleau Geneviève , Jutras-Aswad Didier
Published: February 2022

Background
Individuals with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders (i.e., concurrent disorders) remain a challenge for the nurses attempting to care for them. They require nurses to constantly adapt themselves and develop high-level competencies despite the limited resources they have and the isolated settings in which many of them work. The Extension for Healthcare Community Outcomes (ECHO®) is a promising collaborative learning and capacity building model that uses videoconference technology to support and train healthcare professionals in the management of complex and chronic health conditions. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and perceptions of nurses participating in a Canadian ECHO programme on concurrent disorders about the competencies they developed and mobilized in their clinical practice, and which factors have influenced this process.
Methods
The study was qualitative, guided by an interpretive descriptive approach. Individual semi-structured interviews were held with ten nurses who had participated in the programme for the 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 curricula. A thematic analysis was conducted iteratively using an inductive approach to progressive data coding and organization.
Results
Four themes and eighteen sub-themes emerged. During their participation in ECHO, the nurses perceived as having further developed and mobilized eight clinical nursing competencies. Nurses viewed ECHO as a unique opportunity to open themselves to their peers’ experiences and reflect on their own knowledge. Learning from experts in the field of concurrent disorders helped them to build their confidence in managing complex clinical situations. The nurses’ sense of belonging to a community further enhanced their engagement in the programme, and learning was facilitated through the programme’s interprofessional environment. Nevertheless, the lack of contextualized educative content linked to local realities, the limited resources in concurrent disorders and time constraints were experienced as factors limiting competency development.
Conclusions
ECHO is a promising alternative to conventional, in-person continuing education programmes to improve the development of advanced competencies and clinical practice among nurses providing care to individuals with chronic and complex health conditions. These findings can inform clinicians, educators, researchers, and decision makers who are developing, implementing, evaluating and escalating future educational interventions in the field of CDs.