bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experience in modeling inclined cracks in materials
with cubic crystal structure
Authors: Mushankova K. A. , Stepanova L. V.
Published: July 2024

In this work, a good coincidence of atomistic and continuum stress fields at the crack tip under mixed mode loading conditions in an anisotropic medium with cubic symmetry of elastic properties is revealed. The atomic stress distributions associated with the crack tip are obtained using the molecular dynamics method. Continuum distributions are obtained from the theoretical solution of the problem of determining the stress-strain state at the crack tip, based on the methods of the elasticity theory of anisotropic media and the subsequent decomposition of complex potentials by eigenfunctions. In the framework of a molecular dynamics computational experiment, a single-crystal face-centered copper at low temperature was considered in order to isolate the elastic mode of deformation of a single crystal, and the embedded atom potential was used. A distinctive feature of the conducted molecular dynamic modeling is the consideration of a crack that makes up various angles with planes of symmetry of the crystal. In the vicinity of the crack tip, points lying in annular regions at different distances from the crack tip and of different thickness were selected, and the dependences of the stress tensor components depending on the polar angle were plotted. A comparison of the angular dependencies obtained by atomistic calculation and using a theoretical solution showed their good consistency. It is found that the similarity of the angular dependences of the stress tensor components is observed for all the studied values of two angles: the angle between the axis of symmetry of the crystal lattice (in the plane of the plate) and the direction of the crack and the angle between the action of the tensile load and the crack line.
By virtue of this property of solutions, it can be concluded that solutions of continuous fracture mechanics can serve to describe stress fields at atomistic distances from the crack tip.
Modeling of kinematic characteristics of a mobile antenna of a spacecraft in a two-stage pivoting device
Authors: Gorelov Yu. N. , Kurganskaya L. V.
Published: July 2024

The problem of calculating the kinematic characteristics of a mobile antenna device (AD) based on the specified values of kinematic characteristics of the line of sight (LS) "spacecraft — information reception point" in the associated coordinate system of the spacecraft is considered. The kinematic characteristics of the AD in the form of the current values of its rotation angles and angular velocities and accelerations (according to the corresponding control channels) are determined from the conditions for combining the LS with the axis of the directional diagram of the AD for the case of a two-stage pivoting device with mutually orthogonal axes of rotation of the AD.
Reference shape of bodies with enhanced kinematics. Part I. Geometric methods
Authors: Koifman K. G.
Published: July 2024

The work develops differential-geometric methods for modeling finite incompatible deformations of hyperelastic solids. They are based on the representation of a body as a smooth manifold, on which a metric and a non-Euclidean connection are synthesized. The resulting geometric space is interpreted as global stress-free shape, and the physical response and material balance equations are formulated relative to it. Within the framework of the geometric approach, deformations are modeled as embeddings of a non-Euclidean shape in physical space. Measures of incompatibility are represented by invariants of the affine connection, namely, curvature, torsion and nonmetricity, and the connection itself is determined by the type of physical process. This article is the first part of the study. The proposed geometric approach is applied to bodies whose response depends on the first deformation gradient. Compatibility conditions are obtained and their geometric interpretation is proposed.
Influence of the process of damage accumulation on the asymptotic behavior of stress fields under creep conditions of a sample with a central crack
Authors: Bykova Y. S. , Stepanova L. V.
Published: July 2024

The present study describes the influence of the mutual effect of damage accumulation on the stress fields at the central crack tip in the plate subjected to uniaxial tension. The objective of the study is to analyze the cracked plate experiencing uniaxial loading under creep conditions using the CAE software SIMULIA ABAQUS taking into account the damage accumulation processes near the crack tip. Computations were performed by means of the user procedure UMAT (User material), which is based on the Bailey-Norton creep power law and the Kachanov — Rabotnov damage evolution equation describing the power-law damage accumulation processes. The analysis of the obtained results showed that in the creep and elasticity zones, in computations without taking into account the damage effect, there are asymptotics of stress fields that correspond to well-known analytical solutions of fracture mechanics (Hutchinson — Rice — Rosengren asymptotics for the creep zone, the asymptotics of linear fracture mechanics corresponding to the stress dependence. inversely proportional to the square root of the distance from the tip of the crack – for the zone of elastic behavior of the material. The presence of damage in the cracked specimen affected the asymptotic behavior of the crack tip fields. It is felt that the proposed procedure could pave the way for the analytical solution of the boundary value problem and allow us to determine the structure of the asymptotic solution of the problem. The finite element analysis clearly shows that the process of damage accumulation affects the change in the asymptotic behavior of the stress field in the vicinity of the crack tip and leads to a new asymptotic distribution of the stress tensor components. The proposed procedure can pave the way to an analytical solution of the boundary value problem and allow us to determine the structure of the asymptotic solution of the problem.
Bending of a circular disk: from cylinder to ultrathin membrane
Authors: Lychev S. A. , Digilov A. V. , Pivovaroff N. A.
Published: July 2024

The article discusses methods of mathematical modeling of the stress-strain state of a circular disc at various ratios of its thickness to radius, ranging from 1 to 10−3. For sufficiently thick plates, the solution of three-dimensional linear elasticity theory is used, for plates of medium thickness — the solution of linear bending equations within the Kirchhoff – Love hypotheses and nonlinear equations of Foppl – von Karman, and for ultrathin plates — the nonlinear equations of Adkins – Rivlin – Green. A comparative analysis of the solutions has been conducted, and ranges of relative thickness have been identified in which the considered solutions adequately describe the deformation process. This result enables the selection of a method for mathematical modeling of the stress-strain state of circular plates used in microelectromechanical systems that is most suitable for their relative size.
Prospects for Encouraging Competition in the Public Social Services Market
Authors: Zolotareva A. B.
Published: July 2024

The article examines the practice of engaging private providers to deliver public social services in Russia, as well as the legal regulation applicable to those activities. In addition, it outlines the evolution of the legislation and incentives affecting the access of private providers to the public services market, what their actual share in this market is, and the benefits and risks from expanding it. The author’s overall conclusion is that involving private providers to deliver public services is advisable, but it should not be an end in itself. The consequences of this policy for the state budget, public infrastructure, and consumers should be considered. In keeping with this recommendation, the author suggests legislative amendments designed to eliminate artificial incentives for expanding the share of private providers in the public services market while maintaining state control over the volume of financing of the public infrastructure in order to prevent its degradation. The article also analyzes the Russian system for independent assessment of the quality of public services (IQA) which began in 2015 and assesses its suitability for comparing the quality of services from public and private providers. The author finds shortcomings in the IQA methodology, which artificially inflate the overall level of assessments. This becomes a disincentive for providers to improve the quality of their services and also reduces public confidence in the results of IQA. This analysis of IQA is used to generate proposals for improving its methodology by making its results more objective.
Immuno-Informatics Insight into the Relationship Between Cholesterol and Cytokines in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Sulaiman Evan H , Mohammad Layth J , Thanoon Allaa H , Karimi Isaac
Published: July 2024

Objectives: The role of serum cholesterol and its interactions with cytokines in human cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) pathophysiology is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation among serum total cholesterol (TC), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and cytokines (including interleukin [IL] 10), IL-12 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]) in CL. The cholesterol–cytokine network was analysed to illuminate the pathogenesis of CL. Methods: This case-control study was conducted from December 2022 to March 2023 in hospitals within Baghdad and Wasit provinces, Iraq, and included CL and CL-free subjects ranging between 20–30 years of age. The serum samples were analysed via commercial kits to detect TC, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, VLDL-C, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG levels. Computational efforts to dissect cholesterol-protein interaction networks were employed using STITCH. Results: A total of 50 CL and 25 control subjects were included. The TC, HDL-C and LDL-C levels in CL patients were markedly lower (P = 0.0001) than in control subjects, whereas the IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, VLDL-C and TG levels were higher in CL patients. Serum cholesterol showed no correlation with cytokines; however, a significant correlation (r = 0.57; P = 0.026) was observed between IL-12 and TNF-α. Within the cholesterol-protein network, cholesterol potentially interacted with IL-10, connecting cholesterol to modules with immunological significance, including TRAF1, TRAF2 and TNF receptor superfamily member 1B, as well as IL-10, IL-10RA and IL-12RB1. Conclusion: This study showed the alteration of lipid and lipoprotein in CL and introduced 2 immunological modules in CL, highlighting the importance of the altered cholesterol-cytokine interaction network in CL.
Bloodstream Infection in Children Managed at a Tertiary Hospital in Oman
Authors: Al Saeghi Nadiya , Al Thuhli Marwah , Al Hamrashi Hajer , Al Shibli Naema , Al Wahaibi Adil , Al Adawi Badriya , Al Yazidi Laila
Published: July 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the local epidemiology and outcome of bloodstream infection (BSI) among Omani children. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, over 5 years (2014–2018) and included laboratory-confirmed BSI among children aged 0–12 years old. Patients’ demographic, clinical and laboratory data were extracted from the hospital’s electronic records and used to assess BSI rates and outcomes. Results: A total of 1,253 positive blood cultures were identified, of which 592 (47.2%) were regarded as contaminants. Overall, 404 (32.2%) significant episodes of BSI were identified in 272 patients; 346 (85.6%) significant episodes were in children aged ≤5 years and 366 (90.6%) had comorbidities. The 5-year incidence of BSI was 13 per 1,000 admissions. Furthermore, 333 (82.4%) episodes were healthcare-related infections. Enterobacterales (n = 152; 37.6%) were the most common organisms identified followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci (n = 63; 15.6%). Approximately 40% of Gram-negative organisms were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. The crude mortality rate at 30 days was 9.2%. Paediatric intensive care unit admission (crude odds ratio [COR] = 2.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98–4.78) and the presence of graft-versus-host disease (COR = 7.99, 95% CI: 1.52–37.76) were associated with increased death within 30 days. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa (adjusted odds ratio = 18.46, 95% CI: 3.96–97.84) was the only independent predictor of increasing 30-day mortality in this cohort. Conclusion: A high rate of hospital-related BSI was found in children in Oman, highlighting the need to optimise infection control strategies and the care of central vein access devices.
The Qualifying Attribute of “Major Damage” in Crimes Against Property as a Concealed Criminalization Instrument
Authors: Ryzhov Eduard V. ,   Lecturer of the Department of Criminal Procedure and Criminalistics of the Northwest Institute (Branch) of the Kutafin
Published: July 2024

The article discusses certain issues of interpretation of the qualifying feature “significant damage” in crimes against property. It is concluded that the current state of the criminal law leads to the hidden criminalization of some crimes against property.
Could different cut-off values be used for 50-gram glucose tolerance test in low and high risk groups?
Authors: Dinçgez Burcu , Özgen Gülten , Özgen Levent
Published: July 2024

Objectives: There are controversies about screening strategy and cut-off levels for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Here, we aimed to identify optimal cut-off values for 50-gram oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) in high and low risk pregnant women.
Methods: A total of 500 patients who underwent two step OGTT were divided into two groups as GDM (n=31) and controls (n=469). Moreover, patients were grouped as high (n=114) and low risk (n=386) for GDM. Having≥2 risk factors such as family history of type-2 diabetes, obesity, glucosuria, previous history of GDM, macrosomia and diabetic complications were accepted as high risk. Demographic data, OGTT results, birth characteristics were recorded and compared between groups. A cut-off value for 50-gram OGTT was evaluated in low and high risk groups.
Results: The 50-gram OGTT value above 140 mg/dL discriminated GDM with 100% sensitivity and 92.11% specificity in all patients (AUC=0.969, P<0.001). The prevalence of GDM was 19.3% in high and 2.3% in low risk group. The 50-gram OGTT value above 140 mg/dL discriminated GDM with 100% sensitivity and 94.57% specificity in high risk patients (AUC=0.992, P<0.001). Furthermore, 50-gram OGTT value above 149 mg/dL discriminated GDM with 100% sensitivity and 93.63% specificity in low risk patients (AUC=0.976, P<0.001).
Conclusions: Although screening in low risk population is a debating issue worldwide, our local guidelines still recommend screening all pregnant women. We suggest that performing 100-gram OGTT only in patients who have higher values than 149 mg/dL in 50-gram OGTT can be an alternative screening strategy in low risk group.
Pensar una narrativa no hegemónica del canon del arte occidental: El Caso de Roméo Mivekannin
Authors: Letelier Flores Jorge
Published: July 2024

La representación de sujetos de origen africano ha tenido una escasa visibilidad en la historia del arte occidental. Y en sus escasas apariciones, imágenes de sometimiento y esclavitud han sido parte de un imaginario escasamente cuestionado desde el canon del arte y la dimensión política de los cuerpos sometidos.
Mujeres de la arquitectura moderna en Chile; (Re)Significando una contribución omitida en el relato historiográfico de la profesión
Authors: Salazar Álvarez Sergio
Published: July 2024

La participación de las mujeres en el desarrollo de la arquitectura en Chile ha sido tradicionalmente omitida por una historiografía bastante hegemónica durante las últimas décadas.
Effect of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) Dry Leaf Powder Supplementation on Production Performance and Economics of Lactating Rathi Cows
Authors: Saini Himanshu , Kumar Vijay , Joshi Abhishek , Choudhary M.L.
Published: July 2024

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) dry leaf powder supplementation on milk yield, composition and milk quality of lactating Rathi cows, as well as the economic impact of this intervention. Fifteen cows were selected from the herd of Rathi cattle of Livestock Research Station Bikaner, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan. Methods: The animals were divided into three treatment groups based on nearness of their body weight, parity and lactation stage. Cows were fed with Moringa oleifera leaf powder supplement at the levels of 0 g (control, T0), 10 g (T1) and (T2) 20 g per 100 kg bw/cow/day for 60 days (14 days of adjustment and 46 days of sampling period). Daily milk yield was recorded and samples were taken at every 7 day interval. Result: The results of the study indicated that the milk fat, lactose, solid not fat and total solids per cent were found significantly higher (P less than 0.01), while lower somatic cell count (P less than 0.05) reported in the supplemented groups when compared with control group. No significant difference was observed in milk yield and milk protein in the moringa supplemented groups. The treatment groups supplemented with moringa also had higher economic efficiency.
In vitro Antibacterial Efficacy of 7 Plant Extracts on Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From Equine Skin Lesions
Authors: Kumari Mukani , Sankhla L.N. , Kumar Lalit , Legha R.A. , Dedar Ramesh Kumar
Published: July 2024

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a prevalent opportunistic pathogen which is increasingly associated with various equine dermatological afflictions. The burgeoning issue of antibacterial resistance against this bacterium necessitates novel therapeutic approaches. This study, executed from May to November (2022) at the National Research Centre on Equine, Equine Production Centre, Bikaner, aimed to isolate and identify S. aureus from equine dermal lesions and to assess the in vitro efficacy of both organic (methanolic, aqueousand ethanolic) and inorganic (chloroform and petroleum ether) phytoextracts from Calotropis gigentean, Capparis decidua, Leptadenia pyrotechnica, Aerva javanica, Azadirachta indica, Aloe vera and Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Method: The study utilised agar well diffusion and broth dilution techniques to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of these extracts against S. aureus. Result: Microscopic analysis of gram-stained smears from cultures, alongside a suite of biochemical assays and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), corroborated the presence of S. aureus. The antimicrobial screening disclosed that both organic and inorganic extracts of E. camaldulensis manifested the most pronounced antibacterial activity, exhibiting zones of inhibition ranging from 15 mm to 21 mmand minimum inhibitory concentrations between 1.56 to 3.13 mg/mL. Furthermore, extracts from A. indica (chloroform, methanolicand ethanolic) and A. vera (methanolic and ethanolic) also demonstrated antibacterial effectiveness against this pathogen, with inhibition zones extending from 15 mm to 17.33 mm (MIC: 3.13 to 25 mg/mL) and 9 mm to 12 mm (MIC: 12.5 to 25 mg/mL), respectively. Moreover, the outcomes of this investigation substantiate the antibacterial capabilities of E. camaldulensis, A. indica and A. vera against dermatological pathogens, advocating their inclusion in topical antibacterial formulations as a strategic countermeasure to the escalating challenge of drug resistance.
Promising Roles of Zingiber officinale and its Derivatives on Promoting Health and Protecting from Disorders
Authors: Mohammed A.A. , Al-Suwaiegh S. , AlGherair I. , Alessa F. , Alhujaili W.F.
Published: July 2024

Background: Ginger (Zingiber officinale) have gained great attention across the globe since ancient times or decades ago to be utilized as a delicacy spice or remedy to promote health and protect from ailments. Methods: Supplementing ginger and active phytochemical constituents to mammalian species for spicing foods and protecting cells from disorders during stressful conditions. Result: Supplementing ginger and active phytochemical constituents during stressful conditions might be helpful to overcome the stressors and increase productive and reproductive performances. Mammalian species during stressful conditions as transitional period, pregnancy, peak of lactation, heat stress andbody ailments require ginger and active phytochemical constituents to alleviate stress and promote body function. Ginger plant contains chemical compounds including amaldehyde, gingerol, shogaol and paradol, which are beneficial to the body health and have a wide range of pharmacological properties. Hence, the review article was designed to shed light of ginger and active phytochemical constituents’ supplementation on promoting health and protecting from disorders in human and animals.
Una nueva lectura de Phot., Bibl., 68, 34a10 (ἐν ᾗ)
Authors: Rivera Díaz Pedro Emilio
Published: July 2024

En la Biblioteca de Focio de Constantinopla (ca. 810/820-después de 893) hay dos pasajes concernientes a los contenidos de los sucesos de Alejandro Magno en el Breviario histórico de Cefalión (68, 34a10-11; 161, 104b13-14) que se contradicen entre sí, pues en uno parece referir al libro noveno, mientras que en el otro, al octavo. A su vez, la crítica y los traductores generalmente han preferido la adscripción a aquél. En este trabajo se aboga por un cambio textual del sintagma ἐν ᾗ (Bibl., 68, 34a10) que haga coincidir la información de ambos pasajes. Con ello se logra dar nueva luz a un documento perdido de la literatura griega.
Kein Entrinnen aus machtvollen Differenzierungen?!
Authors: Brandstetter Bettina
Published: July 2024

Postkoloniale Strukturen, Diskurse und Praktiken sind modernen Gesellschaften zutiefst eingelagert. Die Konstruktion von „Gesellschaftsanderen“ erweist sich nach wie vor als konstitutiv für das Selbstverständnis westlich-europäischer Gesellschaften, weshalb ihnen binäres Denken und Othering-Prozesse inhärent sind. Gegenwärtig erfährt hierzulande ein religiöses Othering Konjunktur, das den Migrant*innen aus muslimisch geprägten Ländern gilt. Interreligiöse Bildungsinitiativen verfolgen das Anliegen, binären Codierungen und damit verbundenen Bewertungen entgegenzuwirken, reifizieren aber zugleich die religiöse Differenz. Auch die Beforschung derselben ist nicht neutral, sondern findet in den diskursiven Räumen der jeweils angesagten Religionspädagogik statt, vor dessen Hintergrund Professionalität re-konstruiert und vermessen wird. Der Beitrag widmet sich der Beforschung christlich-islamischen Teamteachings und versucht, religiösem Othering in religionspädagogischer Wissensproduktion und Repräsentation nachzugehen. Dabei wird deutlich, wie komplex der diskursive Raum ist, in dem interreligiöse Bildungsprozesse stattfinden und welch hohe Sensibilität für Diskurse und Wissensordnungen erforderlich ist, um religiöses Othering in der eigenen Forschung möglichst zu vermeiden.
Müller, Sabrina (2023). Religiöse Erfahrung und ihre transformative Kraft. Qualitative und hermeneutische Zugänge zu einem praktisch-theologischen Grundbegriff (Praktische Theologie im Wissenschaftsdiskurs 29). Berlin: De Gruyter. ISBN: 978-3-11-100003-9. 257 Seiten.
Authors: Burrichter Rita
Published: July 2024

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Novatkovits, David (2023). Das Wagnis des Scheiterns. Religionspädagogische und -didaktische Untersuchungen zu einem Erfahrungsfeld der Gegenwart. (Religionspädagogik innovativ Band 57). Stuttgart: Kohlhammer. ISBN: 978-3-17-042592-7. 314 Seiten.
Authors: Drube Julia
Published: July 2024

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The Effectiveness of Vitamin E Soft Capsules as an Antioxidant
Authors: Putri Syakirah Yasmin , Isadiartuti, M.Si., Apt. Dewi , Isnaeni Isnaeni , Aulya Farah Fahreza  , Alvina Violita Mulyanto Putri  , Zulfa Diana  , Nafa Nazilatul Fatihah  , I Gede Rekyadji Arimbawa  , Alya Fakhirah  , Talitha Nabilla Wijayanata  , Muhammad Pramudya Pangestu  , Azzalia Firdanthi  , Oudrey Addriana  , Umi Aida Rohma
Published: July 2024

Antioxidants inhibit the oxidation of other molecules and play an important role in maintaining a healthy body. Antioxidants are found in fruits, vegetables, all parts of plants, and are present in the body as enzymes or products of metabolism. Vitamin E refers to a large number of natural or synthetic compounds, with alpha-tocopherol being the most active and widely distributed form in nature. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active antioxidant form of vitamin E and serves as the primary lipophilic antioxidant in plasma, membranes, and tissues. The most important function of vitamin E is its antioxidant capability, counteracting free radical attacks that can damage cells and cause various degenerative diseases. Additionally, antioxidants help reduce the effects of photoaging on the skin, potentiate anti-aging and anti-inflammatory activity, increase the rate of wound healing, and help maintain healthy eyes and the immune system. One form of vitamin E dosage form is a soft capsule which has several advantages, including the ease of filling the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) in liquid form, higher production capacity and formulation uniformity compared to gelatin tablets or hard capsules. Soft capsule preparations also have rapid API release, which can result in achieving therapeutic blood levels more quickly and achieving greater bioavailability. This study aims to evaluate soft capsule dosage forms in enhancing the effectiveness of vitamin E as an antioxidant. The research utilizes review articles sourced from national and international journals, as well as scientific journals. The results show that vitamin E supplementation in soft capsules can increase its effectiveness as an antioxidant.
Prediction of the Potential of Benzoxazinone, 2-phenyl-4H-benzo[1,3]oxazin-4-one, and 2-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)vinyl]-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one as New Anti-Tuberculosis
Authors: Nofianti Kholis Amalia , Hakim Luqmanul , Suzana  , Ifadotunikamah Farida
Published: July 2024

Even though it had been almost 5 decades, the decline in the prevalence of tuberculosis was still low due to the rise of drug resistance. Recently, benzoxazinone compounds began to gain potential as anti-tuberculosis agents because of their interesting structure and similarity to isoniazid, the most widely used TB drug, which had reportedly experienced many cases of resistance. This research tested the ability of the core compound benzoxazinone and its 2 derivatives to bind to the enoyl ACP-CoA receptor, which was responsible for the formation of mycobacterial walls. In silico tests were carried out using pkcsm to determine the pharmacokinetic profile, and molecular docking tests using Molegro Virtual Docker were conducted to determine the pharmacodynamic profile through binding to the enoyl ACP-CoA receptor. The selected receptors were downloaded from the protein data bank with the code 2IDZ. The research results showed that the three test compounds had good intestinal and skin absorption profiles, indicating that they could be administered orally or transdermally. The docking results, expressed by moldock score and rerank score, showed that the three test compounds had better potential compared to isoniazid. Thus, the test compounds could be developed as new anti-tuberculosis agents
WHY DO STARTUPS FAIL?
Authors: Bethlendi András , Hegedűs Szilárd , Szőcs Árpád
Published: July 2024

Startups play an important role in contemporary economies. Given the high risk associated with this business type, a significant proportion of these businesses fail within a few years of being founded. Our goal was to draw general experiences, which can improve the very low success rate of startups. In our research we identified the factors that have a significant impact on the survival of start-ups. We used a database that the authors made of 40 ICT startups in the liquidation phase. Our study sample included defunct startups between 2020 and 2023, a significant proportion of which received funding from venture capital. Our database was f iltered from the answers to the questions in the semi-structured interviews. Subsequently, we reviewed the related literature and assessed the methodologies that have been used in the past to identify startup failures. For our analysis, we used an extended version of the SHELL model, which has been applied previously in similar research. Firstly, we created a problem map. The main groups of problem factors are funding and customer; business model; and management and product problems. Secondly, we found three groups of failed startups: “basic business model and financing problems”, “failed product idea”, and “looked promising” clusters. Thirdly, we examined the connection between the problem factors and the life cycle of startups. As startups evolve, the probability of some problems occurring increases, while others decrease. As the life cycle progresses, the following become less important: not feasible, no/wrong business model, and inexperienced management problems. While with the life cycle, the problems of a few customers become more significant. Financial and investment indicators improve, by definition, as the life cycle progresses. Fourthly, we found a positive and statistically significant relationship between the presence of female founders and survival. The results of our research can provide important findings for both startup founders and decisionmakers responsible for the development of startup ecosystems.
Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana: a ‘One Health’ approach.
Authors: Olu-Taiwo Michael A. , Egyir Beverly , Owusu-Nyantakyi Christian , Forson Akua Obeng , Opintan
Published: July 2024

Background: ‘One health’, a concept that highlights the need to bring on board multiple players and actors together to addressing major health problems, have been proposed to be effective in data gathering to mitigate the menace of antimicrobial drug resistance (AMR). Data on MDR and extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producingEscherichia coli(ESBL-EC) across humans, animals and the environment are limited in low-and-middle-income-countries (LMICs) including Ghana.Objective: This study used one health approach to determine the prevalence, antibiogram and AMR genes of ESBL-ECfrom diverse sources.Methodology: A cross-sectional study conducted in the Accra and Tema metropolis, Ghana. We randomly collected 1500 non-duplicated specimens from healthy human, cattle, pigs, lettuce, spring onions, pork, beef and soil samples.Escherichia coli(E. coli)was isolated and confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS.E. coliisolates were screened for their susceptibility against 13 antibiotic agents and ESBL-production. ESBL-ECisolates were whole-genome sequenced (WGS) andin silicoanalysis was used to determine AMR genes, sequence types (STs) and plasmid replicon types.Result: Overall,E. coliwas recovered from 140 of 1500 (9.3%) specimens processed. About one-third of theseE. coliisolates 50 (35.7%) were resistant to three or more antibiotics, and 30 (21.5%) were ESBL-EC. The proportion of ESBL-ECidentified in healthy humans, cattle, pig, beef and soil were 14 (20.0%), 9 (22.5%), 3 (15.0%), 1 (50.0%) and 3 (37.5%), respectively. NoE. coliwas isolated from lettuce, spring onions and pork. Overall, the ESBL-ECexhibited high levels of resistance to ampicillin (100%), cefuroxime (100%), ciprofloxacin (53.6%), and to tetracycline (58.2%). However, all ESBL-ECisolates were sensitive to meropenem. The prevalent AMR genes detected wereblaTEM-1B (32.0%; n=8),tetA (48.0%; n=12) andsul2(32.0%; n=8). The dominant STs were ST10 (12%; n=3), ST 9312 (12%; n=3), ST 206 (12%; n=3) and ST 4151 (12%; n=3). IncFIB(Apoo1918) (40.0%; n=10) and IncFII(pCoo) (36.0%; n=9) plasmid replicons were commonly detected.Conclusion: Within the metropolis surveyed, we identified MDR ESBL-ECharbouring various AMR genes and plasmid replicons with diverseE. coliSTs in healthy humans, animals and the environment. This study finding ofblaCTX-M-15 in agricultural soil isolate is worrisome, emphasizing the need for a one-health approach in combating AMR.
Relationships between tryptophan-related gut metabolites, brain activity, and autism symptomatology
Authors: Aziz-Zadeh Lisa , Ringold Sofronia M. , Jayashankar Aditya , Kilroy Emily , Butera Christiana , Jacobs Jonathan P. , Tanartkit Skylar , Joshi Swapna , Dapretto Mirella , Labus Jennifer , Mayer Emeran
Published: July 2024

Gut microbial metabolites have been theorized to play a causative role in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This hypothesis is based on results from mechanistic preclinical studies and several correlational studies showing differences in gut microbial composition between ASD subjects and neurotypical (NT) controls. However, alterations in how the human brain interacts with the gut microbiome in ASD have not been examined. In this cross-sectional, case-control observational study, fecal metabolomics, task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and behavioral assessments were obtained from 43 ASD and 41 NT children aged 8-17. The fMRI tasks were based on socio-emotional and sensory paradigms that commonly show strong evoked brain differences in ASD participants. General linear models and mediational modeling were applied to examine the links between tryptophan metabolism and evoked brain activity and behavior. Results indicated that fecal levels of specific tryptophan-related metabolites were associated with: 1) brain activity atypicalities in regions previously implicated in ASD (i.e., insula and cingulate); and 2) ASD severity and symptomatology (i.e., ADOS scores, disgust propensity, and sensory sensitivities). Importantly, activity in the mid-insula and mid-cingulate significantly mediated relationships between the microbial tryptophan metabolites, indolelactate and tryptophan betaine, and ASD severity and disgust sensitivity. To our knowledge, this is the first study to elucidate how interactions between gut metabolites and brain activity may impact autism symptomatology, particularly in functional brain pathways associated with vagal and interoceptive/emotion processing.
Gender-based roles and energy transition in Ugandan households: Evidence from panel data analysis
Authors: Elasu Joseph , Ntayi Joseph Mpeera , Adaramola Muyiwa S. , Buyinza Faisal , Atukunda Ronnette , Ngoma Muhamad
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
Over 2.3 billion people worldwide use unclean fuels in the form of firewood, charcoal and coal for cooking. As a result, over 3.2 million people are reported to die annually due to household air pollution caused by smoke. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of gender role differentiation on household energy transition in Uganda.
Methods
Using panel data obtained from Uganda Bureau of Statistics, the study employed an ordered logit regression model to estimate the effect of gender role differentiation on household energy transition in Uganda.
Findings and discussion:
The findings indicated that ownership and control of financial resources by females reduced the likelihood of choosing traditional fuels but increased the likelihood of choosing transitional and modern fuels for cooking in households. Based on these findings, the researchers conclude that ownership and control of financial resources and buildings are drivers of household energy transition.
Pipe renewal plan in water distribution network considering physical and operational risk factors: A hybrid MCDM-QSPM technique
Authors: Mohammadi Kamran
Published: July 2024

A significant amount of supplied water is wasted because of the existence of leak and pipe breakage in urban WDNs. Its increase the possibility of pollution infiltration. The financial crises and inappropriate budgets for WDNs renovation make the classification of pipes in terms of modification and providing a management plan necessary. In this research, the MCDM method has been utilized to provide a plan for prioritizing pipe repairs of the WDNs. The clustering is determined utilizing the ELECTRE TRI model, based on specific physical and operational risk factors. These criteria are proposed according to the personal preferences, previously. The QSPM analysis was employed to illustrate criteria priorities. Therefore, a novel hybrid QSPM–MCDM technique was introduced to develop a pipe renewal plan for WDNs. Furthermore, optimistic and pessimistic prioritization is assessed in classification of pipes. A real WDN was investigated as a sample. In optimistic prioritization, 2%, 8%, 16%, 61% and 13% of pipes are categorized in five classes of modification, respectively. In pessimistic case, 18% of the pipes only need periodic visits and 82% of them do not need repairs. These results showed the output of pessimistic classification didn’t match the present situation of WDN. The main branch of the WDN pipes has been classified in the most risky classes in the optimistic analysis.
Improvement of Seismic Performance of Concrete Structures Using Magnetized Concrete: An Empirical Study
Authors: Shahroodi Seyed Yousef Hashemi
Published: July 2024

High-Performance Concrete (HPC) offers better workability, compressive strength, and durability compared to ordinary concrete. One type of high-strength concrete is magnetic concrete. In this technology, the physical structure of water is altered by inducing a magnetic field. As a result, the number of molecules in a molecular cluster decreases from 13 to 5 or 6, and the surface tension of the water is reduced. Using this water in concrete preparation increases the workability of the concrete mix and reduces the required water. Additionally, by facilitating cement hydration, it increases the compressive strength and durability of the concrete. This increased compressive strength enhances the stability and resistance of the structure against earthquake forces. Moreover, maintaining the compressive strength of the concrete while using magnetic water can reduce cement consumption. This reduction in cement consumption can lower the weight of the structure, which is very effective in reducing earthquake forces in tall buildings.
The use of candelilla wax/canola oil oleogel in the formulation of sponge cake bread improves morphostructural and sensory properties
Authors: Martínez-Velasco Alejandro , Trujillo-Ramírez Daniel , Bustos-Vázquez Guadalupe , Cervantes-Arista Clara
Published: July 2024

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of substituting saturated solid fat (margarine) with candelilla wax/canola oil oleogels, either completely or partially (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%), on morphostructural and sensory properties of sponge cake bread. As oleogel content increased in bread formulation, strong network structures favored the retention of a greater amount of gas. This led to higher porosity and better network development, resulting in a specific volume increase (2.968 and 3.018 cm3/g) and decreased hardness (1567.5 and 1697.0 g) in SCB75 and SCB100, respectively. There were no changes in springiness and cohesiveness. In sensory evaluation, panelists preferred the “aroma” attribute in the bread formulated with oleogel. On crumb color, sample SCB25 was perceived as ideal (“just-about-right”), while in greasy mouthfeel attribute, samples SCB75 and SCB100 were the best evaluated. In “taste” test, SCB100 sample was classified as ideal followed by SCB75 with a perception of “like”, compared to SCB0. The overall acceptability indicated that the panelist preferred SCB75 samples, followed by SCB100. Incorporating 75–100% oleogels is a great alternative for reformulating sponge cake bread, improving its sensory and morphostructural properties.
Participatory Development of Evidence-Based Patient Narrative Videos for Patients with Eating Disorders: A Methodological Approach and Pilot Data
Authors: Daugelat Melissa-Claire , Gregg Bettina , Adam Sophia , Schag Kathrin , Kimmerle Joachim , Giel Katrin Elisabeth
Published: July 2024

Background
Patient narratives can best be defined as personal stories of persons previously or currently affected by a physical or mental health disorder. The collaborative development and implementation of such narratives reflects a participatory approach between researchers, patients, and members of the public towards the development of new interventions. Patient narratives can foster feelings of support and belonging, as well as increase hope and motivation towards recovery. Aims of this pilot study were (a) the collaborative development of a series of evidence-based patient narrative videos about eating disorders, (b) their evaluation with a group of healthy participants, and (c) to provide a reproducible documentation of this methodological approach.
Method
A multi-stage participatory process was used including a) a systematic review, b) focus groups with affected persons, c) the participatory narrative development, and d) a pilot study with healthy participants. A former and currently recovered patient was recruited as a lived experience representative, while a psychotherapist provided the same information from a professional perspective. Control group videos featured the lived experience representative discussing a somatic condition unrelated to eating disorders (i.e., torn knee ligament). Two videos were created for each perspective with varying degrees of emotionality of the content. Healthy participants were recruited to view and assess the videos for their authenticity, empathy, and usefulness.
Results
Nineteen female participants were recruited for the pilot study. All videos received positive ratings, however, participants rated videos in which the lived experience representative discussed her eating disorder as significantly more authentic than the control group videos, as well as significantly more empathic, useful, and better overall than the psychotherapist and control group videos. Participants further indicated a clear preference for videos with higher emotionality, regardless of which perspective or disorder was being presented.
Discussion
The use of patient narratives for eating disorders is a relatively new methodological approach. This paper provides one example of how evidence-based patient narratives can be constructed. The patient narratives created in this study received positive feedback from healthy participants and are currently being tested in a 4-arm randomised controlled pilot study with patients affected by eating disorders.
Curcumin Enhances ATG3-Dependent Autophagy and Inhibits Metastasis in Cervical Carcinoma
Authors: Zheng Fei , Lu Jingjing , Wang Chuhan , Yu Huimin , Fu Yanhong , Ma Danli
Published: July 2024

Cervical carcinoma poses a significant health threat, with traditional treatments proving inadequate in advanced stages. Curcumin, a bioactive compound derived from turmeric, exhibits notable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antineoplastic properties, potentially modulating autophagy, and metastasis in cancer cells. This study examines curcumin's impact on autophagy and metastasis in cervical carcinoma, focusing on its interaction with autophagy-related gene 3 (ATG3). SiHa and HeLa cervical carcinoma cell lines were treated with curcumin, ATG3 knockdown (shATG3), and their combination. Cell migration was evaluated via wound healing assays, and LC3 expression was assessed using immunofluorescence and western blotting. Molecular docking simulations identified curcumin's binding interactions with key proteins. Curcumin and shATG3 significantly inhibited cell migration, with a synergistic effect observed when combined. LC3 expression was enhanced, indicating increased autophagy. Docking studies revealed curcumin's potential binding to MMP2, MMP9, TGF-β, ATG3, LC3, and p62, suggesting modulation of these pathways. The combination of curcumin and ATG3 knockdown demonstrates significant inhibition of cervical carcinoma cell migration and enhancement of autophagy, supporting curcumin's potential as a therapeutic agent for cervical carcinoma. Further clinical research is warranted to confirm these findings.
Feasibility of training federated deep learning oropharyngeal primary tumor segmentation models without sharing gradient information
Authors: Volmer Leroy , Choudhury Ananya , Gomes Aiara Lobo , Dekker Andre , Wee Leonard
Published: July 2024

Federated deep learning is a method for training a deep learning neural network model on vast amounts of privacy-sensitive patient-related data without having to exchange the data itself. A vulnerability exposed during federated model training relies on intercepting gradients during the training process. In this work, we show that it is feasible to train a global model for segmenting an oropharyngeal tumor in a simulated federated consortium, without any sharing of gradients, only the local model weights. This work investigates the effects of federated averaging of model weights on model performance, and describes the model evolution during federated learning. We show that a federally-trained model is functionally equivalent to a centrally-trained one. In conclusion, the preferred mode of federated deep learning chosen was synchronous federated averaging of partial model at the end of every epoch. In terms of future work, we surmise that segmentation performance could be significantly improved by using multi-modality co-registered images, such as PET and CT, in federated deep learning for automated segmentation using the current work as basis.
ECAv2-HRNet: Accurate Estimation and Analysis ofHuman Pose in Crowded Environments
Authors: SHOU ZHAOYU , YU YONGBO , LI DONGXU , MO JIANWEN , ZHANG HUIBING , ZHANG JINGWEI , WU ZIYONG
Published: July 2024

Estimating human posture in crowded smart teaching environments is a fundamental technical challenge for measuringlearners’ level of engagement. This work presents a model for detecting critical points in human posture using ECAv2-HRNetin crowded situations. The paper introduces a method called ECAv2Net, which combines a channel feature reinforcementmethod with the ECANet attention mechanism network. This innovation improves the performance of the network. Additionally,ECAv2Net is integrated into the high-resolution network HRNet to create ECAv2-HRNet. This fusion allows for the incorporationof more useful feature information without increasing the model parameters. The paper also presents a human posture datasetcalled GUET CLASS PICTURE, which is designed for dense scenes. Experimental results using this dataset, as well asa public dataset, demonstrate the superior performance of the human posture estimation model based on ECAv2-HRNetproposed in this paper.
Gut Microbiota-Derived Leucine Promotes Cold-Induced Atherosclerosis by Inhibiting Macrophage Efferocytosis
Authors: Gong Yongtai , Yan Sen , Fang Ning , Zhang Yun , Zhang Ning , Li Long , Wang Zhiqi , Wang Kunna , Hou Te , Ji Xuanrui , Liang Qian , Duan Yu , Jiang Xiaohui , Gao Qian , Xu Wei , Hao Hongting , Zhao Xinbo , Han Xuejie , Luo Yingchun , Li Wenpeng , Wang Xiaoyu , Yun Fengxiang , Zhang Song , Li Yue
Published: July 2024

Cold exposure has been shown to impact the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and is associated with dysbiosis in the gut microbiota. In our study, we found that cold exposure increased both plaque area and plaque instability in ApoE−/− mice. Further analysis revealed that gut microbiota and microbial metabolites play a crucial role in cold-related atherosclerosis. Specifically, following cold exposure, there was a notable decrease in the abundance of Lactobacillus. johnsonii (L. johnsonii) in the intestinal tract and an increase in plasma leucine levels. Supplementation with L. johnsonii alleviated cold-related atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice. Importantly, our in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated that leucine reduces efferocytosis by decreasing the expression of Gas6 in macrophages, thereby promoting the progression of cold-related atherosclerosis. These findings highlight the central role of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in modulating efferocytosis during cold-related atherosclerosis. The L. johnsonii-leucine-Gas6 pathway holds promise as a potential therapeutic target for addressing cold-related atherosclerosis.