bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Translation, cross‐cultural adaptation and validation of Nepali version of Health Assessment Questionnaire‐Disability Index in rheumatoid arthritis patients from Nepal
Authors: Vaidya Binit , Joshi Rakshya , Lama Lhakpa Dolma , Nakarmi Shweta
Published: July 2019

Objective

To translate, cross‐culturally adapt and validate the Health Assessment Questionnaire‐Disability Index (HAQ‐DI) in Nepali language (Nepali HAQ).

Methods

Translation was done fulfilling the methodological standards described by Beaton. Comprehensibility testing of the preliminary version was done in 50 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and a prefinal version was prepared after making changes in the original version to maintain the equivalence with the target version. Psychometric testing was done in another group of 127 rheumatoid patients to test for content validity and reliability. Construct validity was tested with visual analog score (VAS) and numeric rating scales (NRS) for pain and stiffness.

Results

Nepali HAQ was comprehensible in >95% of patients. Reliability testing showed an intraclass coefficient for overall Nepali HAQ of 0.76, ranging from 0.71 to 0.95. The internal consistency was acceptable with a Cronbach's alpha of .92. Construct validity was also acceptable with a moderate correlation between Nepali HAQ and VAS and NRS.

Conclusions

Nepali HAQ is a comprehensible, reliable and valid tool for evaluation of the functional status of Nepalese patients with RA and should be implemented in clinical care and research settings.
al‐Khafaji reinterpreted: New insights on Umm an‐Nar monuments and settlement from Bat, Oman
Authors: Swerida Jennifer , Thornton Christopher P.
Published: July 2019

Al‐Khafaji is a central and well‐known point on the early third millennium BC map of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Bat, in the Sultanate of Oman. For years, Kasr al‐Khafaji (“Tower 1146”) has been understood as an Umm an‐Nar (ca. 2800–2000 BCE) monument standing amid a contemporary village. However, recent excavations by the Bat Archaeological Project (BAP) reveal that the entirety of the known site—monument(s) and settlement—is situated on an anthropogenic clay mound that elevated it meters above the surrounding landscape. This paper presents the results of BAP's recent excavations, emphasising the social spaces created by architecture of various functions and scales. It also considers the implications that this new interpretation of al‐Khafaji may have for how the relationship between Umm an‐Nar towers and settlement should be understood. The paper closes with a discussion of Umm an‐Nar tower function and social meaning, concluding that the Khafaji monument(s) likely served a symbolic and possibly performative role in Umm an‐Nar society that was perceived as separate from Umm an‐Nar settlement.
Gender differences in the rat corpus callosum: An ultrastructure study
Authors: Al Qattan Duaa , Shatarat Amjad , Alzghoul Loai , Khaled Aya , Abdallah Ala , ELBeltagy Maha
Published: July 2019

Sexual dimorphism exists at all levels of the nervous system, from genetic, anatomical and system levels. The sexual dimorphism in the axonal content of the corpus callosum (CC) has always been controversial; hence, the aim of this study was to analyse the differences in total, myelinated and unmyelinated axons density of various regions of the CC between male and female rats. To assess that, six pairs of adult male and female rats were perfused and the CC was removed and sectioned. Four sections from different subregions of the corpus callosum that represent the genu, anterior body, posterior body, and splenium, were stained, and electron microscopic images were captured using stereological guidelines. Later, the axons density for each subregion was calculated and compared between males and females. The findings of the present study indicated region‐specific differences in the myelinated, unmyelinated or the ratio of myelinated/total axons in the CC between male and female rats.
Functional outcomes of an integrated Parkinson's Disease Wellbeing Program
Authors: Horne Jeremey T. , Soh Derrick , Cordato Dennis J. , Campbell Megan L. , Schwartz Raymond S.
Published: July 2019

Introduction

There is growing evidence that exercise provides benefit in treating motor and non‐motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD).

Objectives

The aims of this study were to determine (a) whether a 5‐week PD‐specific program resulted in sustained physical and psychosocial benefits, and (b) the relationship between patient characteristics, exercise, falls and physical and psychosocial parameters.

Design

Single‐centre prospective observational study.

Methods

A total of 135 consecutive patients with mild‐to‐moderate PD underwent a 5‐week PD‐specific education and exercise program from August 2013 to March 2015. Gait, mobility and psychosocial measures were compared at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 months.

Results

Significant improvements in physical (walking distance in 2 minutes, number of “Sit To Stands” in 30 seconds, time in seconds taken to “Timed Up and Go,” fast gait velocity over 10 m, Berg Balance Scale [BBS]) and psychosocial (quality of life (QoL) [PDQ‐39], depression and anxiety [DASS‐21], and fatigue [PSF‐16]) measures were seen at 6 weeks (all P < .01) with physical improvements sustained at 12 months (all P < .001). The number of patients at 12 months with ≥1 fall reduced from 66% to 33%, and the number not exercising reduced from 42% to 21%. A lack of exercise correlated with ≥1 fall at 12 months (OR 3.39, 95% CI 1.36‐8.39, P = .009). It was also associated with poorer balance and psychosocial parameters at 12 months (all P < .05).

Conclusions

Patients recruited into a 5‐week Parkinson's disease education and exercise program achieved significant 12‐month benefits in physical but not psychosocial measures. Patients with ≥1 fall post‐treatment were less likely to have been exercising at 12‐month follow‐up.
Boredom begets boredom: An experience sampling study on the impact of teacher boredom on student boredom and motivation
Authors: Tam Katy Y. Y. , Poon Cyanea Y. S. , Hui Victoria K. Y. , Wong Christy Y. F. , Kwong Vivian W. Y. , Yuen Gigi W. C. , Chan Christian S.
Published: July 2019

Background

Boredom is a common complaint among students. Boredom was previously found to be negatively associated with academic outcomes, such as academic motivation, strategies, and achievement. It is of interest to understand students’ in‐class boredom, especially factors that might exacerbate it.

Aims

The current study examines the influence of teacher's boredom on students’ in‐class boredom and learning experience. It aims to understand the relationship between teacher boredom, students’ perceived teacher boredom, student boredom, and student learning motivation.

Sample

A total of 437 students (54.8% female, MAge = 14.5 years, SD = 1.6) and 17 of their teachers (29.4% female, 76.5% 40 years old or below) participated in the study.

Methods

We conducted an experience sampling study, in which participants completed a 2‐week diary. Data were analysed using multilevel modelling.

Results and Conclusions

Results from multilevel modelling of 2,675 post‐class evaluations indicated that teacher boredom was negatively associated with students’ motivation. However, the relationship between teacher boredom and students’ perceived teacher boredom was not significant, suggesting that students did not accurately perceive whether their teacher was bored. Results from indirect effect analysis further revealed that students’ perception of teacher boredom predicted student learning motivation through student boredom. In other words, perceiving teachers being bored promoted students’ own feeling of boredom, which in turn reduced their learning motivation. Together, these results indicate that when a teacher is bored in class, or when students perceive that their teacher is bored, students would have lower learning motivation.
Swansong: Can Hope Survive an Indeterminate Prison Sentence?
Authors: Orrell Katya
Published: July 2019

Chekhov's play Swansong could be describing a prison wing. Depicting a drunk, elderly comic actor who has fallen asleep after the performance is over and awaking to a deserted theatre, he speaks, and is answered by the prompter responding from the darkness, an image not unlike the therapeutic dyad. Over recent years, working psychodynamically in a man's prison has felt dangerous. For someone serving an imprisonment for public protection (IPP) sentence, a sentence with no finite ending, the threat of psychic death, of hope, is the sword of Damocles which hangs over his every day. I examine what it means to undertake clinical work with a man who never knows when he will leave prison. Using the concept of the swansong, a song considered to be more beautiful because of the fragility of a life that is about to end, I ask what is happening when a prisoner whose unprocessed grief and rage threatens to destroy all creativity. I explore how the danger of his internal destructiveness meets and is reflected by the actual threat of our extinction as forensic psychotherapists. What happens to the ability to contain, when the relationship with the prison itself feels dangerous, when each session feels like our swansong?
Efficacy and safety of nivolumab in Japanese patients with uterine cervical cancer, uterine corpus cancer, or soft tissue sarcoma: Multicenter, open‐label phase 2 trial
Authors: Tamura Kenji , Hasegawa Kosei , Katsumata Noriyuki , Matsumoto Koji , Mukai Hirofumi , Takahashi Shunji , Nomura Hiroyuki , Minami Hironobu
Published: July 2019

Nivolumab is a human monoclonal antibody against the immune checkpoint receptor programmed death‐1, inhibiting binding to programmed death‐ligand 1 or 2 (PD‐L1 or PD‐L2). This phase 2 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of nivolumab in patients with advanced/recurrent uterine cervical cancer, uterine corpus cancer, or soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Patients received nivolumab 240 mg at 2‐week intervals. Primary endpoint was objective response rate; secondary endpoints included overall survival, progression‐free survival, and safety. PD‐L1 expression and microsatellite‐instability (MSI) status were analyzed as potential efficacy biomarkers. Objective response rate was 25%, 23%, and 0% in patients with cervical cancer (n = 20), corpus cancer (n = 22), and STS (n = 21), respectively. The lower 80% confidence intervals of objective response rates in patients with cervical or corpus cancer exceeded the threshold rate (5%); the primary endpoint was met in cervical and corpus cancer, but not in STS. Median progression‐free survival was 5.6, 3.4, and 1.4 months, and 6‐month overall survival was 84%, 73%, and 86% in cervical cancer, corpus cancer, and STS, respectively. The objective response rate was higher in patients with cervical cancer with PD‐L1‐positive (n = 5/15; 33%) versus PD‐L1‐negative (n = 0/5; 0%) tumors. The two patients with corpus cancer classified as MSI‐high responded; the six patients classified as microsatellite stable did not respond. Overall, nivolumab showed acceptable toxicity in all cohorts, with evidence of clinical activity in uterine cervical or corpus cancer, but not in STS. PD‐L1 expression in cervical cancer and MSI‐high in corpus cancer may predict clinical activity of nivolumab in these cancers.
Knowing Who You Are for Not Feeling Lonely? A Longitudinal Study on Identity and Loneliness
Authors: Kaniušonytė Goda , Truskauskaitė‐Kunevičienė Inga , Žukauskienė Rita , Crocetti Elisabetta
Published: July 2019

In adolescence, both identity concerns and feelings of loneliness are of utmost importance to the experiences of young people. Yet, a theoretically grounded hypothesis that identity and loneliness are developmentally related has never been tested. Thus, the aim of this study was to disentangle the longitudinal associations between identity processes in educational and interpersonal domains and loneliness in adolescence. The sample consisted of 632 Lithuanian adolescents (53.2% girls; Mage = 14.32; SDage = 1.09) participating in a four‐wave study with 6‐month intervals between assessments. Cross‐lagged analyses revealed reciprocal associations between identity processes and loneliness in the educational domain and unidirectional effects of adolescents' reconsideration of commitment on loneliness in the interpersonal domain.
Secondary sphincter repair for anal incontinence following obstetric sphincter injury: functional outcome and quality of life at 18 years of follow‐up
Authors: Barbosa M. , Glavind‐Kristensen M. , Moller Soerensen M. , Christensen P.
Published: July 2019

Aim

Secondary sphincter repair has been the conventional management of anal incontinence (AI) when a structural defect in the sphincter is recognized. However, disappointing long‐term results have contributed to a tendency towards an increasing use of alternative treatment methods. This study aimed to assess the long‐term functional outcomes following a secondary sphincter repair in women with AI after obstetric sphincter injury.

Method

This is a questionnaire study of women who underwent a secondary sphincter repair in Denmark between January 1990 and December 2005. Patients were identified through the Danish National Patient Registry. Functional outcomes were assessed by a self‐administered questionnaire in 2010 and 2018. Primary outcomes were Wexner and St. Mark's scores. Impact on quality of life was assessed using the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale.

Results

Functional outcome was assessed in 370 women in 2010 and 255 women in 2018. At 18.3 [interquartile range (IQR 15.0–22.0)] years of follow‐up, the mean ± SD Wexner score was 8.8 ± 4.8 and the mean St. Mark's score was 11.7 ± 5.0. Flatus incontinence was the most frequent symptom, reported by 97%. Incontinence for liquid and solid stools was reported by 75% and 54%, respectively. There were no significant changes in incontinence frequencies over time. Women with a Wexner score of ≥ 9 had a significantly lower quality of life score in all domains than did women with a Wexner score of < 9 (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

At long‐term follow‐up, few patients are fully continent following a secondary sphincter repair. However, it appears that the functional results remain stable at very long‐term follow‐up.
Towards the design of a blending system for precoloured fibres
Authors: Hemingray Caroline , Dean Louise , Westland Stephen
Published: July 2019

In order to create a commercial system for blending precoloured fibres that will appear visually solid once combined, it is necessary to understand the maximum colour difference required between the blend components. Based on this understanding, the lowest number of primaries required to populate a given colour gamut can be determined. A series of psychophysical experiments was carried out to explore the colour difference between fibre‐blend components and whether the resulting blended samples are perceived as visually solid. Experiments were carried out with loose stock fibre, yarn and knitted samples. Generally, it was found that the likelihood a blend appeared as visually solid increased as the average colour difference between the blend components, or primaries, decreased. The value of the mean colour difference at which 50% of participants viewed the blend as being visually solid was found to be 20.8, 20.5 and 18.0 for fibre, yarn and knitted samples, respectively. Consequently, it was found that it was more difficult to obtain a solid shade with the knitted form than with the loose stock fibre form.
The Effect of Hospital‐Physician Integration on Operational Performance: Evaluating Physician Employment for Cardiovascular Services
Authors: Zepeda E. David , Nyaga Gilbert N. , Young Gary J.
Published: July 2019

A dramatic change in the hospital industry is the increasing emphasis on linking provider payment to quality performance metrics. This is one of several considerations leading hospitals to employ physicians. Yet, there is little evidence regarding whether physician employment as a form of hospital‐physician integration leads to better operational performance. Using data from 201 California hospitals that experienced a total of 405,766 eligible opportunities to conform to external performance metrics (conformance quality) for treating patients in the cardiovascular service area, we empirically evaluated the relationship between physician employment and conformance quality. We also evaluated whether the presence of core capabilities in the hospital's cardiovascular service area complements or substitutes for physician employment. Findings suggest that physician employment is not only positively associated with conformance quality, but also associated with more consistent conformance quality. Moreover, the presence of core capabilities in the service area substitutes for physician employment. Theoretical, managerial, and policy implications are discussed.
Prospective multicenter international study on the outcomes of a newly developed self‐approximating lumen‐apposing metallic stent for drainage of pancreatic fluid collections and endoscopic necrosectomy
Authors: Teoh Anthony Yuen Bun , Bapaye Amol , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Ratanachu Thawee , Reknimitr Rungsun , Chan Shannon Melissa , Choi Hyun Jong , Gadhikar Harshal P. , Kongkam Pradermchai , Korrapati Sravan Kumar , Lee Yun Nah , Medarapalem Jahangeer , Ridtitid Wiriyaporn , Moon Jong Ho
Published: July 2019

Background

A novel self‐approximating lumen‐apposing metallic stent (LAMS; Niti‐S Spaxus, Taewoong Medical, Gyeonggi‐do, Korea) has recently become available. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the outcomes for drainage of pancreatic fluid collections (PFC).

Methods

This was a prospective international multicentered study conducted in six high‐volume institutions across Asia. Consecutive patients suffering from pancreatic pseudocyst or walled‐off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) requiring endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided drainage were recruited. Outcomes included technical and clinical success, adverse events, procedural events, interventions through the stent and recurrence rates.

Results

Between August 2016 and November 2017, 59 patients were recruited to this study. Thirty‐nine patients (66.1%) had WOPN and mean (SD) size of PFC was 11.5 (5.1) cm. Technical and clinical success rates were 100%. Mean (SD) procedural time was 35.0 (17.2) minutes. Sixteen‐millimeter stents were used in 66.1% of the patients. Fifty‐four sessions of necrosectomy were carried out with the stent in situ in 17 patients. Stent‐related adverse event (AE) rate was 6.8%. Three patients (5.1%) suffered from bleeding after stenting and one required angiographic embolization. Two patients (3.4%) suffered from recurrence during a mean (SD) follow‐up time of 325.6 (355.5) days. There were no differences in outcomes between those with pseudocysts or WOPN except for the duration of hospital stay (P = 0.012).

Conclusion

Use of a self‐approximating LAMS for drainage of PFC was safe and effective. Endoscopic necrosectomy could be carried out through the stent with ease. The device was associated with a low rate of stent‐related AE.
Building safety in humanitarian programmes that support post‐disaster shelter self‐recovery: an evidence review
Authors: Harriss Louise , Parrack Charles , Jordan Zoe
Published: July 2019

The humanitarian sector is increasingly aware of the role that good quality evidence plays in the underpinning of effective and accountable practice. This review addresses the need for reliable evidence by evaluating current knowledge about the intersection of two key outcome targets of post‐disaster shelter response: supporting shelter self‐recovery and building back safer. Evidence about post‐disaster shelter programmes that aim to improve hazard resistance while supporting shelter self‐recovery has been systematically analysed and evaluated. Technical support, especially training in safer construction techniques, was found to be a central programme feature, but the impact of this and other programme attributes on building safety was largely not ascertainable. Programme reports and studies lack sufficient detail, especially on the hazard resistance of repaired houses. Accounts of shelter programmes need to include more reliable reporting of key activities and assessment of outcomes, in order to contribute to the growing evidence base in this field.
Behavioural responses of the small hive beetle to volatile components of fermenting honeybee hive products
Authors: Hayes R. Andrew , Amos Brogan A. , Rice Steven J. , Baker Dalton K. , Leemon Diana M.
Published: July 2019

The small hive beetle, Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), is a significant pest of managed honeybees in the USA and eastern Australia. The beetle damages hives by feeding on hive products and leaving behind fermented wastes. The beetle is consistently associated with the yeast Kodamaea ohmeri (Etchells & Bell) Yamada et al. (Saccharomycetales: Metschnikowiaceae), and this yeast is the presumed agent of the fermentation. Previous work has noted that the small hive beetle is attracted to volatiles from hive products and those of the yeast K. ohmeri. In this study, we investigated how the volatile compounds from the fermenting hive products change depending upon the source of the hive material and also how these volatiles change through time. We used gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and choice‐test behavioural assays to investigate these changes using products sampled from apiaries across the established range of the beetle in eastern Australia. The starting hive products significantly affected the volatile composition of fermenting hive products, and this composition varied throughout time. We found 61.7% dissimilarity between attractive and non‐attractive fermenting hive products, and identified individual compounds that characterise each of these groups. Eleven of these individual compounds were then assessed for attractiveness, as well as testing a synthetic blend in the laboratory. In the laboratory bioassay, 82.1 ± 0.02% of beetles were trapped in blend traps. These results have strong implications for the development of an out‐of‐hive attractant trap to assist in the management of this invasive pest.
Fusarium species in declining wild apple forests on the northern slope of the Tian Shan Mountains in north‐western China
Authors: Cheng Yuan , Zhao Wenxia , Lin Ruozhu , Yao Yanxia , Yu Shaoshuai , Zhou Zhongfu , Zhang Xuechao , Gao Yahui , Huai Wenxia
Published: July 2019

Wild apple forests in the Tian Shan Mountains in north‐western China have been adversely affected by an unknown disease in recent years. Symptoms attributed to this disease that affects wild apple trees include xylem browning and dieback which are suggestive of infection by Fusarium species. Therefore, the research team conducted the first survey for Fusarium in the afflicted wild apple forests. Twig samples with symptoms of xylem browning and dieback were collected in the Xinyuan, Gongliu, Yining and Huocheng Counties of Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region in China. Based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological observation, sixty strains of Fusarium accounted for 48% of the total number of fungi isolated from samples were subsequently classified into six species including twenty‐four F. avenaceum, seventeen F. solani, ten F. tricinctum, five F. proliferatum, two F. sporotrichioides and two unfamiliar Fusarium sp. 1. The five previously known species of Fusarium were then tested for pathogenicity to leaves and twigs in vitro. The results indicated that all of the species, except for F. tricinctum, can cause obvious lesions on the leaves of host plants and on the twigs of Fuji and wild apple. This is the first report of Fusarium species pathogenicity in Xinjiang wild apple forests, confirming a new host for these pathogens in this study.
Self‐initiated learning reveals memory performance and electrophysiological differences between younger, older and older adults with relative memory impairment
Authors: Kenney Joanne P. M. , Ward Christina , Gallen Dervla , Roche Richard A. P. , Dockree Paul , Hohensen Nicola , Cassidy Clare , Keane Michael A. , Hogan Michael J.
Published: July 2019

Older adults display difficulties in encoding and retrieval of information, resulting in poorer memory. This may be due to an inability of older adults to engage elaborative encoding strategies during learning. This study examined behavioural and electrophysiological effects of explicit cues to self‐initiate learning during encoding and subsequent recognition of words in younger adults (YA), older control adults (OA) and older adults with relative memory impairment (OD). The task was a variation of the old/new paradigm, some study items were preceded by a cue to learn the word (L) while others by a do not learn cue (X). Behaviourally, YA outperformed OA and OD on the recognition task, with no significant difference between OA and OD. Event‐related potentials at encoding revealed enhanced early visual processing (70–140 ms) for L‐ versus X‐words in young and old. Only YA exhibited a greater late posterior positivity (LPP; 200–500 ms) for all words during encoding perhaps reflecting superior encoding strategy. During recognition, only YA differentiated L‐ versus X‐words with enhanced frontal P200 (150–250 ms) suggesting impaired early word selection for retrieval in older groups; however, OD had enhanced P200 activity compared to OA during L‐word retrieval. The LPP (250–500 ms) was reduced in amplitude for L‐words compared to both X‐ and new words. However, YA showed greater LPP amplitude for all words compared to OA. For older groups, we observed reduced left parietal hemispheric asymmetry apparent in YA during encoding and recognition, especially for OD. Findings are interpreted in the light of models of compensation and dedifferentiation associated with age‐related changes in memory function.
Reconciling the contribution of environmental and stochastic structuring of tropical forest diversity through the lens of imaging spectroscopy
Authors: Bongalov Boris , Burslem David F. R. P. , Jucker Tommaso , Thompson Samuel E. D. , Rosindell James , Swinfield Tom , Nilus Reuben , Clewley Daniel , Phillips Oliver L. , Coomes David A.
Published: July 2019

Both niche and stochastic dispersal processes structure the extraordinary diversity of tropical plants, but determining their relative contributions has proven challenging. We address this question using airborne imaging spectroscopy to estimate canopy β‐diversity for an extensive region of a Bornean rainforest and challenge these data with models incorporating niches and dispersal. We show that remotely sensed and field‐derived estimates of pairwise dissimilarity in community composition are closely matched, proving the applicability of imaging spectroscopy to provide β‐diversity data for entire landscapes of over 1000 ha containing contrasting forest types. Our model reproduces the empirical data well and shows that the ecological processes maintaining tropical forest diversity are scale dependent. Patterns of β‐diversity are shaped by stochastic dispersal processes acting locally whilst environmental processes act over a wider range of scales.
Network analysis of prospective brain development in youth with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes and its relationship to cognition
Authors: Garcia‐Ramos Camille , Dabbs Kevin , Lin Jack J. , Jones Jana E. , Stafstrom Carl E. , Hsu David A. , Meyerand Mary Elizabeth , Prabhakaran Vivek , Hermann Bruce P.
Published: July 2019

Objective

Benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) is the most common childhood idiopathic localization‐related epilepsy syndrome. BECTS presents normal routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); however, quantitative analytic techniques have captured subtle cortical and subcortical magnetic resonance anomalies. Network science, including graph theory (GT) analyses, facilitates understanding of brain covariance patterns, potentially informing in important ways how this common self‐limiting epilepsy syndrome may impact normal patterns of brain and cognitive development.

Methods

GT analyses examined the developmental covariance among cortical and subcortical regions in children with new/recent onset BECTS (n = 19) and typically developing healthy controls (n = 22) who underwent high‐resolution MRI and cognitive assessment at baseline and 2 years later. Global (transitivity, global efficiency, and modularity index [Q]) and regional measures (local efficiency and hubs) were investigated to characterize network development in each group. Associations between baseline‐based GT measures and cognition at both time points addressed the implications of GT analyses for cognition and prospective cognitive development. Furthermore, an individual contribution measure was investigated, reflecting how important for cognition it is for BECTS to resemble the correlation matrices of controls.

Results

Groups exhibited similar Q and overall network configuration, with BECTS presenting significantly higher transitivity and both global and local efficiency. Furthermore, both groups presented a similar number of hubs, with BECTS showing a higher number in temporal lobe regions compared to controls. The investigated measures were negatively associated with 2‐year cognitive outcomes in BECTS.

Significance

Children with BECTS present a higher‐than‐normal global developmental configuration compared to controls, along with divergence from normality in terms of regional configuration. Baseline GT measures demonstrate potential as a cognitive biomarker to predict cognitive outcome in BECTS 2 years after diagnosis. Similarities and differences in developmental network configurations and their implications for cognition and behavior across common epilepsy syndromes are of theoretical interest and clinical relevance.
Haemoperitoneum secondary to testicular rupture caused by blunt trauma in a stallion
Authors: da Silva Bonacin Y. , dos Santos Sousa S. , Canola P. A. , da Graça Macoris D. , Bueno G. M. , de Queiroz D. J. , Marques J. A.
Published: July 2019

Testicular trauma is a commonly reported consequence of injury to the scrotum in humans and horses. In the majority of cases in stallions, injury is caused by a kick from a mare during mating. This case report describes a traumatically induced unilateral testicular rupture in a stallion associated with haemoperitoneum and acute, severe signs of abdominal discomfort. Initially, testicular ultrasound and clinical examinations were inconclusive and the clinical signs led to a diagnosis of an inflammatory abdominal disorder, possibly caused by inguinoscrotal herniation. The patient underwent exploratory celiotomy with unilateral orchiectomy at which time no involvement of the gastrointestinal tract was noted (aside from the presence of haemoperitoneum) and the testicular trauma was discovered. As this case demonstrates, testicular trauma should be considered as a differential diagnosis for inguinoscrotal herniation in stallions with clinical signs of discomfort even when there is no history of recent mating. Detailed clinical examination should be performed to establish a diagnosis but may not be conclusive.
A  embedding model for text classification
Authors: Liu Wenfeng , Liu Peiyu , Yang Yuzhen , Yi Jing , Zhu Zhenfang
Published: July 2019

Existing word embeddings learning algorithms only employ the contexts of words, but different text documents use words and their relevant parts of speech very differently. Based on the preceding assumption, in order to obtain appropriate word embeddings and further improve the effect of text classification, this paper studies in depth a representation of words combined with their parts of speech. First, using the parts of speech and context of words, a more expressive word embeddings can be obtained. Further, to improve the efficiency of look‐up tables, we construct a two‐dimensional table that is in the  format to represent words in text documents. Finally, the two‐dimensional table and a Bayesian theorem are used for text classification. Experimental results show that our model has achieved more desirable results on standard data sets. And it has more preferable versatility and portability than alternative models.
The brighter side of climate change: How local oceanography amplified a lobster boom in the Gulf of Maine
Authors: Goode Andrew G. , Brady Damian C. , Steneck Robert S. , Wahle Richard A.
Published: July 2019

Ocean warming can drive poleward shifts of commercially important species with potentially significant economic impacts. Nowhere are those impacts greater than in the Gulf of Maine where North America's most valuable marine species, the American lobster (Homarus americanus Milne Edwards), has thrived for decades. However, there are growing concerns that regional maritime economies will suffer as monitored shallow water young‐of‐year lobsters decline and landings shift to the northeast. We examine how the interplay of ocean warming, tidal mixing, and larval behavior results in a brighter side of climate change. Since the 1980s lobster stocks have increased fivefold. We suggest that this increase resulted from a complex interplay between lobster larvae settlement behavior, climate change, and local oceanographic conditions. Specifically, postlarval sounding behavior is confined to a thermal envelope above 12°C and below 20°C. Summer thermally stratified surface waters in southwestern regions have historically been well within the settlement thermal envelope. Although surface layers are warming fastest in this region, the steep depth‐wise temperature gradient caused thermally suitable areas for larval settlement to expand only modestly. This contrasts with the northeast where strong tidal mixing prevents thermal stratification and recent ocean warming has made an expansive area of seabed more favorable for larval settlement. Recent declines in lobster settlement densities observed at shallow monitoring sites correlate with the expanded area of thermally suitable habitat associated with warmer summers. This leads us to hypothesize that the expanded area of suitable habitat may help explain strong lobster population increases in this region over the last decade and offset potential future declines. It also suggests that the fate of fisheries in a changing climate requires understanding local interaction between life stage‐specific biological thresholds and finer scale oceanographic processes.
Clinical dental technicians in the United Kingdom: A qualitative understanding of the experiences, of practices and challenges of communication for dental professionals
Authors: Curtis Sarah , Gurveer Jaggee , Gallagher Jennifer E.
Published: July 2019

Aim

To investigate the roles and relationships of registered Clinical Dental Technicians (CDTs) in the dental team and healthcare systems, and their perspective as a professional group in the United Kingdom (UK).

Methods

This qualitative study was conducted following a national questionnaire survey of CDTs, 18 of whom participated in semi‐structured interviews; they were purposively sampled to represent the diversity and demography of CDTs. A topic guide, informed by the literature and survey findings, guided discussions which were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Drawing upon phenomenological and cultural relativistic theories, thematic analysis was conducted, thus enabling an “analytic story” of the lived experience to emerge.

Results

Clinical dental technicians expressed pride, passion and satisfaction in their work yet feel misunderstood in their role. Experiences of being accepted and incorporated into the wider dental profession are strained. Ultimately, there is a complex web of inter‐dependence between all actors—a triadic relationship—bounded by policymakers and regulators which directly impacts on best practice and the balance between collaboration and autonomy. Looking to the future, Ideal practice may involve different models of care, with examples of good practice emerging.

Conclusion

This paper provides a unique examination of the lived experience, feelings and relationships of CDTs. The perceptions of their role, their inter‐professional relations and the progression as a professional group must be addressed, and their potential to work collaboratively actively engaged to serve our ageing population.
Canopy height measurements and non‐destructive biomass estimation of Lolium perenne swards using UAV imagery
Authors: Borra‐Serrano Irene , De Swaef Tom , Muylle Hilde , Nuyttens David , Vangeyte Jürgen , Mertens Koen , Saeys Wouter , Somers Ben , Roldán‐Ruiz Isabel , Lootens Peter
Published: July 2019

In perennial ryegrass breeding programmes, dry‐matter yield (DMY) of individual plots is monitored destructively at the different cuts or derived from non‐destructive canopy height measurements using devices like rising plate meters (RPM). These approaches both have constraints. Destructive sampling implies low temporal resolution, restraining the study of dry‐matter accumulation rates, while RPM measurements are influenced by the canopy structure and limit intra‐field variability identification. We present a phenotyping methodology, based on the use of an affordable RGB camera mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), to monitor the spatial and temporal evolution of canopy height and to estimate DMY. Weekly flights were carried out from April to October above a field comprising a diverse set of accessions. To test the capacity of UAV imagery to estimate canopy height, 8 ground control points and 28 artificial height references were placed at different locations. Accurate flights with an RMSE as low as 0.94 cm were achieved. In addition, canopy height was recorded using an RPM and destructive biomass samples were collected. Different models (linear, multiple linear, principal components, partial least squares regression and random forest) were used to predict DMY, and their performance was evaluated. The best estimations were obtained by combining variables including canopy height, vegetation indices and environmental data in a multiple linear regression (R2 = .81). All models built using UAV data obtained a lower RMSE than the one using RPM data. The approach presented is a possibility for breeders to incorporate new information in their selection process.
Autotransplantation after primary bone repair of a recipient site with a large periradicular lesion: a case report
Authors: Arbel Y. , Lvovsky A. , Azizi H. , Hadad A. , Averbuch Zehavi E. , Via S. , Ben Itzhak J. , Solomonov M.
Published: July 2019

Aim

To describe a case of autotransplantation nine weeks after the extraction of a hopeless tooth with a large periradicular lesion, which enabled the healing of the recipient site.

A 19‐year‐old male in generally good health was referred for evaluation of tooth 46. Clinically, there were class III mobility and sensitivity to percussion and palpation. There was a mesio‐lingual swelling and a single narrow deep pocket of 15 mm at the disto‐lingual aspect. CBCT imaging revealed a radiolucent area over 15 mm in diameter that extended from the mesial aspect of the mesial root of tooth 47 to the distal aspect of tooth 45. The radiolucent area was in proximity to the inferior alveolar canal and penetrated the buccal and the lingual cortical plates. The tooth was diagnosed with previously treated tooth, acute apical abscess and vertical root fracture. Tooth 46 was extracted, and a delicate curettage and drainage were performed. Nine weeks afterwards, a second surgery was performed: extraction of the impacted immature third molar (tooth 48). Immediately after the extraction, the tooth was replanted in the healing socket of tooth 46, and sufficient initial stability achieved. At a 1‐year follow‐up, the tooth had normal mobility, no sensitivity to palpation and percussion, and responded to thermal pulp testing. The soft tissue was normal, probing depths up to 3‐mm, without swelling or sinus tract. Radiographically, periapical healing at the recipient site was observed. Compared to the post‐operative periapical radiography immediately after the procedure, there was no change in the distal root dimensions. In the mesial root, development of the root length and a closed apex was demonstrated.
The association of four SNPs in DNA mismatch repair genes with idiopathic male infertility in northwest China
Authors: Zhao Xinyan , Mu Chunlan , Ma Jia , Dai Xiaojing , Jiao Haiyan
Published: July 2019

DNA mismatch repair (MMR) plays a critical role in the maintenance of genetic integrity. The failure of MMR in sperm DNA was found in male infertility. However, its aetiology in idiopathic male infertility (IMI) remains unknown. The present study was to investigate whether the four SNPs (rs26279 in MSH3, rs1800734 and rs4647269 in MLH1 and rs175080 in MLH3) in MMR genes were associated with IMI or not. The interactions of the SNPs were also performed to clarify its genetic aetiology. In the present study, 209 clinically diagnosed IMI men and 201 fertile men were recruited. Four SNPs were genotyped by DNA sequencing. It was the first time to investigate the association between rs26279 in MSH3 and IMI. The genotype frequency distribution of rs26279 (A>G) in MSH3 was found to be significantly different between IMI and control (p < 0.05), as well as azoospermia. The rs1800734 and rs4647269 in MLH1 were found to be significantly different between severe oligozoospermia and control groups (p < 0.05). However, rs175080 in MLH3 was not significantly different between IMI and control (p > 0.05). Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) for detecting interactions showed that there were no interactions among the four SNPs on IMI.
Chlamydia‐infected macrophages are resistant to azithromycin treatment and are associated with chronic oviduct inflammation and hydrosalpinx development
Authors: Harvie Marina CG , Carey Alison J , Armitage Charles W , O'Meara Connor P , Peet Jesse , Phillips Zachary N , Timms Peter , Beagley Kenneth W
Published: July 2019

Chlamydia infection remains the leading sexually‐transmitted bacterial infection worldwide, causing damaging sequelae such as tubal scarring, infertility and ectopic pregnancy. As infection is often asymptomatic, prevention via vaccination is the optimal strategy for disease control. Vaccination strategies aimed at preventing bacterial infection have shown some promise, although these strategies often fail to prevent damaging inflammatory pathology when Chlamydia is encountered. Using a murine model of Chlamydia muridarum genital infection, we employed two established independent models to compare immune responses underpinning pathologic development of genital Chlamydia infection. Model one uses antibiotic treatment during infection, with only early treatment preventing pathology. Model two uses a plasmid‐cured variant strain of C. muridarum that does not cause pathologic outcomes like the plasmid‐containing wild‐type counterpart. Using these infection models, contrasted by the development of pathology, we identified an unexpected role for macrophages. We observed that mice showing signs of pathology had greater numbers of activated macrophages present in the oviducts. This may have been due to early differences in macrophage activation and proinflammatory signaling leading to persistent or enhanced infection. These results provide valuable insight into the cellular mechanisms driving pathology in Chlamydia infection and contribute to the design and development of more effective vaccine strategies for protection against the deleterious sequelae of Chlamydia infection of the female reproductive tract.
Computational approaches for characterizing the tumor immune microenvironment
Authors: Liu Candace C. , Steen Chloé B. , Newman Aaron M.
Published: July 2019

Recent advances in high‐throughput molecular profiling technologies and multiplexed imaging platforms have revolutionized our ability to characterize the tumor immune microenvironment. As a result, studies of tumor‐associated immune cells increasingly involve complex data sets that require sophisticated methods of computational analysis. In this review, we present an overview of key assays and related bioinformatics tools for analyzing the tumor‐associated immune system in bulk tissues and at the single‐cell level. In parallel, we describe how data science strategies and novel technologies have advanced tumor immunology and opened the door for new opportunities to exploit host immunity to improve cancer clinical outcomes.
Combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus to enhance nitrogen use efficiency and close the wheat yield gap on varying soils in semi‐arid conditions
Authors: McBeath Therese M. , Gupta Vadakattu V. S. R. , Llewellyn Rick S. , Mason Sean D. , Davoren Christopher W. , Correll Raymond L. , Jones Ben , Whitbread Anthony M.
Published: July 2019

A primary driver of the wheat yield gap in Australia and globally is the supply of nitrogen (N) and options to increase N use efficiency (NUE) are fundamental to closure of the yield gap. Co‐application of N with phosphorus (P) is suggested as an avenue to increase fertiliser NUE, and inputs of N and P fertiliser are key variable costs in low rainfall cereal crops. Within field variability in the response to nutrients due to soil and season offers a further opportunity to refine inputs for increased efficiency. The response of wheat to N fertiliser input (0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 kg N ha‐1) under four levels of P fertiliser (0, 5, 10 and 20 kg P ha−1) was measured on three key low rainfall cropping soils (dune, mid‐slope and swale) across a dune‐swale system in a low rainfall semi‐arid environment in South Australia, for three successive cropping seasons. Wheat on sandy soils produced significant and linear yield and protein responses across all three seasons, while wheat on a clay loam only produced a yield response in a high rainfall season. Responses to P fertiliser were measured on the sandy soils but more variable in nature and a consistent effect of increased P nutrition leading to increased NUE was not measured.
Posttrauma psychosocial effects in children: A systematic review of measurement scales
Authors: Atazadeh Najibeh , Mahmoodi Hassan , Shaghaghi Abdolreza
Published: July 2019

Problem

Worldwide, the psychopathological effects of catastrophes such as earthquake, hurricane and war are causing traumas in an enormous number of children. Identification and assessment of the impact on children of catastrophic events is essential to their healing and continued well‐being.

Methods

To identify the relevant tools Google Scholar, SID, PsycInfo, Medlib, MedLine, and PubMed databases were searched using the relevant Mesh terms and their equivalents including (“anxiety” or “fear” or “depression” or “psychosocial distress” or “prolonged grief” or “trauma general effect”) AND (“tool and measures”) OR (“cognition” and “parents”) AND “scale and measures”) from inception to March 2019.

Findings

Sixty‐four measures were identified to be applied for measuring traumas’ psychosocial effects on children. Anxiety and depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), sexual abuse, trauma general effect and stress were among the important emanated tools to the assessment of posttrauma psychosocial predicaments in children.

Conclusion

Few measures are identified to measure post trauma fear, prolonged grief and psychosocial distress in young children. However; a suitable scale for assessment of parents’ cognition about general effects of traumas and parents’ cognition about effects of trauma on children is less emphasized in current literature.