bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of blood urea nitrogen independent of the estimated glomerular filtration rate on the development of anemia in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease: The results of the KNOW-CKD study
Authors: Kim Hyo Jin , Kim Tae Eun , Han Miyeun , Yi Yongin , Jeong Jong Cheol , Chin Ho Jun , Song Sang Heon , Lee Joongyub , Lee Kyu-Beck , Sung Suah , Han Seung Hyeok , Seong Eun Young , Ahn Curie , Oh Kook-Hwan , Chae Dong-Wan
Published: September 2021

Background

Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in CKD represents nitrogenous uremic toxin accumulation which could be involved in anemia of CKD. We investigated the effects of BUN independent of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on anemia in non-dialysis CKD (NDCKD).

Methods

This prospective study included 2,196 subjects enrolled in the KoreaN Cohort Study for Outcome in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD) cohort with BUN and hemoglobin level data. Initially, we investigated the association between BUN and hemoglobin level. To examine the impact of baseline BUN on the incident anemia, a longitudinal study was performed on 1,169 patients without anemia at study enrollment. BUN residuals were obtained from the fitted curve between BUN and eGFR. Anemia was defined as a hemoglobin level of <13.0 g/dL for men and <12.0 g/dL for women.

Results

BUN residuals were not related to eGFR but to daily protein intake (DPI), while BUN was related to both eGFR and DPI. BUN was inversely associated with hemoglobin level (β -0.03; 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.04, -0.03; P <0.001) in the multivariable linear regression analysis adjusted for multiple confounders including eGFR, and BUN residual used instead of BUN was also inversely associated with hemoglobin level (β -0.03; 95% CI -0.04, -0.02; P <0.001). Among the 1,169 subjects without anemia at baseline, 414 (35.4%) subjects newly developed anemia during the follow-up period of 37.5 ± 22.1 months. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis with adjustment, both high BUN level (Hazard ratio [HR] 1.02; 95% CI 1.01, 1.04; P = 0.002) and BUN residual used instead of BUN (HR 1.02; 95% CI 1.00, 1.04; P = 0.031) increased the risk of anemia development. Moreover, BUN, rather than eGFR, increased the risk of anemia development in patients with CKD stage 3 in the multivariable Cox regression.

Conclusion

Higher BUN levels derived from inappropriately high protein intake relative to renal function were associated with low hemoglobin levels and the increased risk of anemia independent of eGFR in NDCKD patients.
Non-invasive smooth muscle electromyography (SMEMG) as a novel monitoring technology of the gastrointestinal tract of awake, free-moving pigs—A pilot study
Authors: Nagy Katalin , Fébel Hedvig , Bazar George , Grosz György , Gáspár Róbert , Ferenc Szűcs Kálmán , Tóth Tamás
Published: September 2021

There are several mathematical models and measurements to determine the efficiency of the digestibility of different feedstuffs. However, there is lack of information regarding the direct methods or measurement techniques used to analyse the physical response of the different parts of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of growing pigs to different diets. Smooth muscle electromyography (SMEMG) is a non-invasive method for the measurement of gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity. In the present study, SMEMG methodology has been adapted from laboratory rats to pigs, and the effects of feedstuffs with control (CTR) or experimentally increased (EXP) amounts of fibre were investigated on gastrointestinal tract motility. Nine barrow pigs ((Danish Landrace × Danish Yorkshire) × Danish Duroc) were used (30 ± 3 kg), and their CTR and EXP feedstuffs contained 29 and 49 g/kg crude fibre (CF), respectively. Myoelectric activities of the stomach, ileum and caecum were detected in the awake pigs by a pair of electrodes. The recorded myoelectric signals were analysed with fast Fourier transformation (FFT), and the spectra were expressed in GIT section-specific cycles per minutes (cpm) values and the maximum power spectrum density (PsDmax). A significant increase (P < 0.001) was observed in the value of the PsDmax of the small intestine (20–25 cpm) as a consequence of the EXP diet. The PsDmax values of the stomach (3–5 cpm) and large intestine (1–3 cpm) did not show any significant change in pigs fed the EXP diet. As a direct and non-invasive method, SMEMG is suitable for the rapid evaluation of the effects of diets with different fibre contents on the GIT of non-anaesthetised, free-moving pigs.
An empirical analysis of long-term Brazilian interest rates
Authors: Akram Tanweer , Uddin Syed Al-Helal
Published: September 2021

This paper empirically models the dynamics of Brazilian government bond (BGB) yields based on monthly macroeconomic data, in the context of the evolution of the key macroeconomic variables in Brazil. The results show that the current short-term interest rate has a decisive influence on the long-term interest rate on BGBs, after controlling for various key macroeconomic variables, such as inflation and industrial production. These findings support John Maynard Keynes’s claim that the central bank’s actions influence the long-term interest rate on government bonds mainly through the current short-term interest rate. These findings have important policy implications for Brazil. This paper relates the findings of the estimated models to ongoing debates in fiscal and monetary policies.
Genomic mutation profile in progressive chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients prior to first-line chemoimmunotherapy with FCR and rituximab maintenance (REM)
Authors: González-Rincón Julia , Garcia-Vela José A. , Gómez Sagrario , Fernández-Cuevas Belén , Nova-Gurumeta Sara , Pérez-Sanz Nuria , Alcoceba Miguel , González Marcos , Anguita Eduardo , López-Jiménez Javier , González-Barca Eva , Yáñez Lucrecia , Pérez-Persona Ernesto , de la Serna Javier , Fernández-Zarzoso Miguel , Deben Guillermo , Peñalver Francisco J. , Fernández María C. , de Oteyza Jaime Pérez , Andreu M. Ángeles , Ruíz-Guinaldo M. Ángeles , Paz-Arias Raquel , García-Malo M. Dolores , Recasens Valle , Collado Rosa , Córdoba Raúl , Navarro-Matilla Belén , Sánchez-Beato Margarita , García-Marco José A.
Published: September 2021

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is the most prevalent leukemia in Western countries and is notable for its variable clinical course. This variability is partly reflected by the mutational status of IGHV genes. Many CLL samples have been studied in recent years by next-generation sequencing. These studies have identified recurrent somatic mutations in NOTCH1, SF3B1, ATM, TP53, BIRC3 and others genes that play roles in cell cycle, DNA repair, RNA metabolism and splicing. In this study, we have taken a deep-targeted massive sequencing approach to analyze the impact of mutations in the most frequently mutated genes in patients with CLL enrolled in the REM (rituximab en mantenimiento) clinical trial. The mutational status of our patients with CLL, except for the TP53 gene, does not seem to affect the good results obtained with maintenance therapy with rituximab after front-line FCR treatment.
Deep generative models for automated muscle segmentation in computed tomography scanning
Authors: Nishiyama Daisuke , Iwasaki Hiroshi , Taniguchi Takaya , Fukui Daisuke , Yamanaka Manabu , Harada Teiji , Yamada Hiroshi
Published: September 2021

Accurate gluteus medius (GMd) volume evaluation may aid in the analysis of muscular atrophy states and help gain an improved understanding of patient recovery via rehabilitation. However, the segmentation of muscle regions in GMd images for cubic muscle volume assessment is time-consuming and labor-intensive. This study automated GMd-region segmentation from the computed tomography (CT) images of patients diagnosed with hip osteoarthritis using deep learning and evaluated the segmentation accuracy. To this end, 5250 augmented pairs of training data were obtained from five participants, and a conditional generative adversarial network was used to identify the relationships between the image pairs. Using the preserved test datasets, the results of automatic segmentation with the trained deep learning model were compared to those of manual segmentation in terms of the dice similarity coefficient (DSC), volume similarity (VS), and shape similarity (MS). As observed, the average DSC values for automatic and manual segmentations were 0.748 and 0.812, respectively, with a significant difference (p < 0.0001); the average VS values were 0.247 and 0.203, respectively, with no significant difference (p = 0.069); and the average MS values were 1.394 and 1.156, respectively, with no significant difference (p = 0.308). The GMd volumes obtained by automatic and manual segmentation were 246.2 cm3and 282.9 cm3, respectively. The noninferiority of the DSC obtained by automatic segmentation was verified against that obtained by manual segmentation. Accordingly, the proposed GAN-based automatic GMd-segmentation technique is confirmed to be noninferior to manual segmentation. Therefore, the findings of this research confirm that the proposed method not only reduces time and effort but also facilitates accurate assessment of the cubic muscle volume.
Phylogenetic analyses, protein modeling and active site prediction of two pathogenesis related (PR2 and PR3) genes from bread wheat
Authors: Numan Muhammad , Bukhari Shazia Anwer , Rehman Mahmood-ur- , Mustafa Ghulam , Sadia Bushra
Published: September 2021

Wheat is a major staple food and has been extensively grown around the globe. Sessile nature of plants has exposed them to a lot of biotic and abiotic stresses including fungal pathogen attack. Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici causes stem rust in the wheat crop and leads to 70% decrease in its production. Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins provide plants with defense against different fungal pathogens as these proteins have antifungal activities. This study was designed to screen Pakistani wheat varieties for PR2 and PR3 proteins and their in silico characterization. PR2 and PR3 genes were screened and isolated by PCR amplification from wheat variety Chenab-70 and Frontana, respectively. The nucleotide sequences of PR2 and PR3 genes were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers MT303867 and MZ766118, respectively. Physicochemical properties, secondary and tertiary structure predictions, and molecular docking of protein sequences of PR2 and PR3 were performed using different bioinformatics tools and software. PR2 and PR3 genes were identified to encode β–1,3–glucanase and chitinase proteins, respectively. Molecular docking of both PR2 and PR3 proteins with beta-glucan and chitin (i.e. their respective ligands) showed crucial amino acid residues involved in molecular interactions. Conclusively, molecular docking analysis of β–1,3–glucanase and chitinase proteins revealed crucial amino acid residues which are involved in ligand binding and important interactions which might have important role in plant defense against fungal pathogens. Moreover, the active residues in the active sties of these proteins can be identified through mutational studies and resulting information might help understanding how these proteins are involved in plant defense mechanisms.
An automatic water-occluding device to enable laryngectomee participation in water activities
Authors: Denning Samantha K. , Valleau Michael A. , Pelowski William J. , Chaisson Claire M. , Grimes Kelli E. , Erath Byron D.
Published: September 2021

Individuals with a laryngectomy face a host of challenges ranging from restricted vocal communication to significant lifestyle modifications associated with breathing through a stoma. Although there are significant mental and physical health benefits achieved by returning to recreational pursuits that were enjoyed pre-surgery, there can be significant obstacles in doing so. One particular challenge arises during participation in water activities (e.g, fishing, boating, etc.) where accidental submersion poses a significant risk of drowning. This manuscript describes a proof-of-concept device that protects the airway from accidental incursion of water into the airway during unanticipated submersion in water, thereby allowing laryngectomees to return to participation in water activities. The device is designed to be worn comfortably for long periods of time, while not interfering with the common methods of replacement speech that are utilized post-laryngectomy.
Mitotic timing is differentially controlled by A- and B-type cyclins and by CDC6 associated with a bona fide CDK inhibitor Xic1 in Xenopus laevis cell-free extract
Authors: El Dika Mohammed , Wechselberger Lisa , Djeghout Bilal , Benouareth Djamel Eddine , El Dika Mohammed , Wechselberger Lisa , Djeghout Bilal , Benouareth Djamel Eddine , Jęderka Krystyna , Lewicki Sławomir , Zdanowski Robert , Prigent Claude , Kloc Malgorzata , Kubiak Jacek Z.
Published: September 2021

The timing of the M-phase is precisely controlled by a CDC6-dependent mechanism inhibiting the mitotic histone H1 kinase. Here, we describe the differential regulation of the dynamics of this mitotic kinase activity by exogenous cyclin A or cyclin B in the Xenopus laevis cycling extracts. We show that the experimental increase in cyclin A modifies only the level of histone H1 kinase activity, while the cyclin B increase modifies two parameters: histone H1 kinase activity and the timing of its full activation, which is accelerated. On the other hand, the cyclin A depletion significantly delays full activation of histone H1 kinase. However, when CDC6 is added to such an extract, it inhibits cyclin B-associated histone H1 kinase, but does not modify the mitotic timing in the absence of cyclin A. Further, we show via p9 co-precipitation with Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs), that both CDC6 and the bona fide CDK1 inhibitor Xic1 associate with the mitotic CDKs. Finally, we show that the Xic1 temporarily separates from the mitotic CDKs complexes during the peak of histone H1 kinase activity. These data show the differential coordination of the M-phase progression by cyclin A- and cyclin B-dependent CDKs, confirm the critical role of the CDC6-dependent histone H1 kinase inhibition in this process, and show that CDC6 acts differentially through the cyclin B- and cyclin A-associated CDKs. This CDC6- and cyclins-dependent mechanism likely depends on the precisely regulated association of Xic1 with the mitotic CDKs complexes. We postulate that: i. the dissociation of Xic1 from the CDKs complexes allows the maximal activation of CDK1 during the M-phase, ii. the switch between cyclin A- and cyclin B-CDK inhibition upon M-phase initiation may be responsible for the diauxic growth of mitotic histone H1 kinase activity.
Molecular characterization of the prostaglandin E receptor subtypes 2a and 4b and their expression patterns during embryogenesis in zebrafish
Authors: Han Yongjun , Chang Hongbo , Wu Hong
Published: September 2021

The molecular expression profiles of zebrafish ep2a and ep4b have not been defined to date. Phylogenetic trees of EP2a and EP4b in zebrafish and other species revealed that human EP4 and zebrafish EP4b were more closely related than EP2a. Zebrafish EP2a is a 281 amino acid protein which shares high identity with that of human (43%), mouse (44%), rat (43%), dog (44%), cattle (41%), and chicken (41%). Zebrafish EP4b encoded a 497 amino acid precursor with high amino acid identity to that of mammals, including human (57%), mouse (54%), rat (55%), dog (55%), cattle (56%), and chicken (54%). Whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed that ep2a was robustly expressed in the anterior four somites at the 10-somites stages, but was absent in the somites at 19 hpf. It was observed again in the pronephric duct at 24 hpf, in the intermediate cell mass located in the trunk, and in the rostral blood island at 30 hpf.
Ep2a was also expressed in the notochord at 48 hpf. During somitogenesis, ep4b was highly expressed in the eyes, somites, and the trunk neural crest. From 30 to 48 hpf, ep4b could be detected in the posterior cardinal vein and the neighboring inner cell mass. From these data we conclude that ep2a and ep4b are conserved in vertebrates and that the presence of ep2a and ep4b transcripts during developmental stages infers their role during early zebrafish larval development. In addition, the variable expression of the two receptor isoforms was strongly suggestive of divergent roles of molecular regulation.
Abandonment of dogs in Latin America: Strategies and ideas
Authors: Mota-Rojas Daniel , Calderón-Maldonado Néstor , Lezama-García Karina , Sepiurka Leonardo , Garcia Rita de Cassia Maria
Published: September 2021

In this article, we gathered information from postgraduate theses and scientific articles published in several databases using inclusion criteria that had been made in Latin America, in countries with similar economic conditions, and also in the USA to present a point of comparison. The objective of this review is to broaden the readers' understanding of the causes of the increasing numbers of stray dogs and the reasons why people abandon pets in the streets, specifically in Latin America. It also discusses adoption and responsible ownership, identifies what failed in promoting positive human-dog interaction, and suggests strategies to address this problem. It concludes that adoption alone is not an effective solution but that it is necessary to offer education and awareness programs for owners, organize sterilization campaigns, and develop and apply – with the corresponding authorities – measures to ensure animal welfare that will provide benefits for society and improve animal quality of life. The role of veterinarians is fundamental in education and in disseminating the necessary information to orient people before they acquire a pet and prevent animal abandonment to resolve this problem.
Greenhouse Solar Drying and Thin Layer Drying Of Fresh Kapenta (Stolothrissa tanganicae)
Authors: Rhoda Aduke N. , Simate Isaac N.
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study was to carry out an experimental investigation on drying fresh Kapenta in a Greenhouse Solar Dryer and to evaluate a suitable thin-layer drying model for the Kapenta. The nutritional constituents and quality of the Kapenta dried from the Greenhouse solar dryer and the open sun were also examined. To determine thin-layer drying characteristics of fresh Kapenta, drying in a hot air dryer at different air temperatures was carried out. The influence of the drying temperature (35, 45, 55 °C) on the moisture ratio and drying rate has been studied in this paper. The experimental drying data of Kapenta under different temperatures was fitted to three different thin-layer drying models by using non-linear least squares regression analysis in Excel, and the models compared according to three statistical parameters; coefficient of correlation, the reduced chi-square and the root mean square error. The coefficient of correlation values of Page were higher (0.980361- 0.997000), compared to the other models, indicating that the Page model was the best to describe drying curves of fresh Kapenta among the three models
Problems of Active Dynamic Thermography Measurement Standardization in Medicine
Authors: Nowakowski Antoni
Published: September 2021

Reliability of thermographic diagnostics in medicine is an important practical problem. In the field of static thermography, a great deal of effort has been made to define the conditions for thermographic measurements, which is now the golden standard for such research. In recent years, there are more and more reports on dynamic tests with external stimulation, such as Active Dynamic Thermography, Thermographic Signal Reconstruction or Thermal Tomography. The subject of this report is a discussion of the problems of standardization of dynamic tests, the choice of the method of thermal stimulation and the conditions determining the credibility of such tests in medical diagnostics. Typical methods of thermal stimulation are discussed, problems concerning accuracy and control of resulting distributions of temperature are commented. The best practices to get reliable conditions of measurements are summarized.
Determination of Temperature Distributions for the Sky Based on the Results of Measurement with an Infrared Camera
Authors: Kruczek Tadeusz
Published: September 2021

The surroundings of objects in an open atmospheric space usually consist of a hypothetical surface of the sky and the surface of the ground. The aim of thermovision examination of objects located in open atmospheric space, especially buildings, is to determine the amount of heat loss or to assess the insulation quality parameters of walls, roofs and other building partitions. The tested surfaces, including elements of the outer shell of buildings, are often located at different angles to the ground surface and the sky. For the needs of thermovision testing of the considered objects and calculations concerning the radiation heat transfer, it is necessary to know the radiation parameters of the sky. These parameters include the equivalent radiative ambient temperature needed for thermovision measurements (including the temperature of the sky and the ground) and the overall radiative ambient temperature, which determines the heat loss by radiation from the tested surface. The article describes the method of determining the values of these temperatures on the basis of measuring the temperature of the sky with the use of a long-wave infrared camera and calculations. In order to verify the developed method, the results obtained with the use of the above-mentioned method were compared with the results obtained with the use of a pyrgeometer. The verification comprised the comparison of the heat flux of radiation from the sky, calculated on the basis of infrared camera measurements, with the energy flux emitted by the sky and measured with a pyrgeometer. The result of the verification is satisfactory.
Natureza como Mercadoria
Authors: De Ouro Mamed Danielle , Costa de Lima Cyntia
Published: September 2021

A caracterização da modernidade contém uma série de elementos marcantes, que a tornam essencialmente problemática em termos socioambientais. As estruturas sociais e econômicas da modernidade assentam suas bases num modo de produção excessivamente danoso ao equilíbrio dos ecossistemas, graças ao drástico potencial de modificar o meio ambiente adquirido através do desenvolvimento da ciência e da tecnologia. A transição entre o modo de produção manufatureira para a maquinofatureira de produção em massa alterou profundamente as bases de relação entre as sociedades e os elementos naturais, passando-se a consumir com maior voracidade e gerando, por consequência, resíduos que a natureza não consegue absorver segundo sua capacidade de suporte. Portanto, diante das ameaças que passaram a ser observadas, o sistema econômico passou a formular diversas teorias de reestruturação, a exemplo do desenvolvimento sustentável e, mais atualmente, da economia verde, que tem por objetivo a inclusão dos bens comuns nos mercados e a regulação econômica de seu acesso e preservação, tendo-se como principal instrumento deste pensamento os mecanismos de pagamentos por serviços ambientais. No entanto, há vários questionamentos acerca da consistência teórica e prática das ações pautadas nesta racionalidade, sobre os quais se pretende tratar no presente trabalho. Nesse sentido, objetiva-se explicar alguns desses questionamentos e analisar a real efetividade das políticas de mercantilização da natureza pela via dos Pagamentos por Serviços Ambientais para solucionar a crise das sociedades e da natureza no contexto da modernidade.
Fundamentação das Decisões nos Juizados Especiais
Authors: Da Cunha Savino Filó Maurício , Trichês dos Santos Fernando
Published: September 2021

A edição do Código de Processo Civil de 2015, com influência na constitucionalização do direito, trouxe adequações alinhadas a Constituição da República. Priorizando a qualidade da fundamentação, introduziu no Código de Processo Civil o §1º do artigo 489, elencando hipóteses exemplificativas de uma decisão não fundamentada. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar a possibilidade de aplicação dessa novidade legislativa no sistema dos Juizados Especiais. A metodologia aplicada é a da pesquisa bibliográfica. Os resultados, no primeiro momento, apontaram que o entendimento firmado pelos tribunais superiores e parte da doutrina é pela inaplicabilidade, justificando que a Lei 9.099/95 possui sistema próprio. Contudo, reconhece-se, ao final, em outra parte da doutrina, que somente é possível a prestação jurisdicionaladequada quando as garantias constitucionais dos princípios da celeridade processual e do devido processo legal são devidamente resguardadas com a aplicação do §1º do artigo 489 do Código de Processo Civil.
Paridade de Gênero nas Sociedades e Demais Organizações Privadas
Authors: A. Fernandez de Andreani Patrícia
Published: September 2021

Não se pode negar que a desigualdade de gênero está presente em todas as relações sociais; a maioria dos espaços estratégicos de tomada de decisão são ocupados sob um sistema de desigualdade de gênero. Nessesentido, o objetivo deste artigo é realizar uma análise jurídica sobre os avanços que foram feitos para alcançar a desejada paridade de gênero nos espaços de tomada de decisão. Por meio do método indutivo é possível concluir que é necessário trabalhar ainda mais em mecanismos legais que incluam de forma obrigatória a participação ativa das mulheres nos espaços de tomada de decisão corporativa que permitam alcançar não apenas a paridade de gênero, mas reduzir muito mais as lacunas da desigualdade social.
(Não)aceitação da Mortalidade Humana
Authors: Tamanini Maria Helena , Piotto Tirola Bárbara , Resquetti Tarifa Espolador Rita de Cássia
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo objetiva analisar as consequências éticas da prática da distanásia, bem como suas implicações sobre a psique humana, por meio de um estudo interdisciplinar entre os direitos fundamentais eprincípios bioéticos, sob o viés psicanalítico da morte e do luto. Para tanto, a pesquisa foi realizada através do método bibliográfico, amparada por levantamento normativo. Nos resultados, verifica-se que a distanásia não se configura enquanto prática eficiente para proporcionar qualidade de vida ao paciente, sendo considerada contrária às técnicas mais avançados nas esferas de conhecimento médico e psicológico. Ao final, conclui-se que a distanásia culmina no prolongamento do sofrimento do paciente ao estender seu processo de morte.
Positivação à Significação da Universalização
Authors: Luz Cardoso Luiz Guilherme , Cardoso de Jesus Thiago Allisson
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo analisa a positivação do Direito à Vida no Ordenamento Jurídico Brasileiro, a partir da ótica apresentada pelos tratados, convenções e declarações dos Direitos internacionais dos Direitos Humanos ratificados pelo Brasil. O problema central gira em torno da seguinte questão: Qual foi a contribuição dos tratados de Direitos Humanos à positivação do Direito à vida, tal como apresentado pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e em que medida repercutiu para a universalização desse direito? A pesquisa possui natureza exploratória, faz abordagem qualitativa e faz uso das técnicas de pesquisa documental, bibliográfica e análise de conteúdo. Objetiva-se a compreensão do sentido atribuído ao Direito à vida, a partir da positivação e significação empregada pelos Direitos Humanos e contribuir com a literatura especializada, bem como fomentar novas práticas, mentalidades e discursos acerca da proteção e regulação jurídica sobre a vida.
Biodireito na Atualidade
Authors: Carvalho Pavão Juliana , Resquetti Tarifa Espolador Rita de Cássia
Published: September 2021

Os avanços científicos e tecnológicos estão cada vez mais presentes na vida da sociedade, resultando em diversas mudanças. Nesse cenário surge o Biodireito com o intuito de discutir no campo jurídico as transformações que essas técnicas ocasionam. Diante disso, este trabalho, com enfoque no Biodireito, na Bioética e principalmente no princípio da autonomia, analisa dois novos negócios que surgem: diretiva antecipada de vontade e a geração de um bebê-medicamento O método utilizado no trabalho é dedutivo, amparado na análise bibliografia. Por meio deste trabalho, pode-se percebe-se como o Biodireito está nos dias atuais e como a autonomia tem se demonstrado um princípio essencial para nortear as discussões que surgem.
Provendo Acesso à Solução de Conflitos na Economia Digital
Authors: Muniz Cipriano Ana Cândida
Published: September 2021

A pandemia provocada pela Covid-19 trouxe uma nova velocidade para as relações de consumo, forçando tanto fornecedores quanto consumidores a se adaptarem à novas formas de consumo, à novos produtos e serviços, enfim, à uma nova realidade. O acesso à solução de conflitos, ou o simples acesso do consumidor ao fornecedor, no pós venda, não seguiu a mesma velocidade. O presente artigo traz uma reflexão sobre os esforços impulsionados pela economia digital no provimento de plataformas para a solução de conflitos de consumo.
Manual de Derecho Internacional Público
Authors: Fiorin Gomes Joséli
Published: September 2021

Trata-se de uma resenha do livro "Manual de Derecho Internacional Público – Fundamentos, Tribunales Internacionales y Casos de Estudio”, publicada, em sua segunda edição, no ano de 2020, pela editora Tirant Lo Blanch, de Bogotá (Colômbia), de autoria de Walter Arévalo Ramírez, professor de Derecho Internacional Público da Facultad de Jurisprudencia da Universidad del Rosario, Colômbia. Em função de ter se originado de observações e preocupações percebidas pelo autor durante sua trajetória como professor da disciplina de Direito Internacional, a obra resulta num misto interessantíssimo entre o tradicional e o inovador.
Apresentação do Dossiê 'Biodireito e Direitos Humanos'
Authors: De Oliveira Magalhães da Silva Loureiro Claudia Regina
Published: September 2021

Como ramo da ciência jurídica que se destina a regular as relações humanas oriundas das técnicas de manipulação da vida, o conhecimento do biodireito é indispensável para a realização da justiça em todo Estado fundado na democracia, na pluralidade e na defesa dos direitos fundamentais. Por essa razão, o dossiê ora apresentado à comunidade acadêmica e à sociedade civil cumpre a sua função social no sentido de ampliar o debate contemporâneo a respeito do direito fundamental à vida.
Coevolução entre entidades que formam a arena política da educação superior brasileira: Implicações para a fronteira entre os segmentos público e privado
Authors: Silva Junior Annor da , Duarte Roberto Gonzalez
Published: September 2021

Realizamos neste estudo uma análise política da coevolução entre entidades que formam a arena política na educação superior brasileira. Do ponto de vista teórico, articulamos a perspectiva da coevolução e a perspectiva tridimensional da análise política que contempla os conceitos de polity, politics e policy. Em termos metodológicos, conduzimos um estudo longitudinal que abrangeu o período entre 1988 e 2018 com dados coletados através de pesquisa documental e bibliográfica e analisados por meio de métodos mistos. Os resultados indicam a existência de quatro grupos centrais de entidades quais sejam: governos; organismos multilaterais internacionais; instituições públicas e associações representativas do segmento público; e instituições privadas e associações representativas do segmento privado. Observamos que, no processo político, a articulação dos interesses e dos posicionamentos dessas quatro entidades influenciou as políticas públicas que favoreceram a expansão do segmento privado e encolhimento do segmento público. Como consequência, foi possível verificar, de um lado, que houve o abandono da concepção da educação como um bem público e direito de todos e, com isso, o sucateamento das instituições públicas e; de outro, a adoção da concepção da educação como um bem privado e comercializável, ou seja, uma mercadoria e, com isso, o incremento das instituições privadas.
Porušení péče řádného hospodáře – subjektivní, nebo objektivní odpovědnost za škodu?
Authors: Chrenek Tomáš
Published: September 2021

This article deals with the legal basis of due managerial care, whose nature determines the rules applied in case of a breach of due managerial care concerning damages. The article summarizes recent professional discussions on the topic and deals with three major theoretical approaches defining due managerial care either as an obligation from law, or an obligation from contract, or an obligation sui generis. The article discuses arguments for and against each approach, puts forward the author’s critics regarding the mentioned discourses, and brings the author’s own look at the problem, the key point of which is the necessary consistency of a conclusion not only for a statutory body, but also for other elected bodies of a legal person.
Modeling of the two shuttle box system within the internal logistics system using simulation software
Authors: Strnad David , Fedorko Gabriel , Ščavnický Patrik
Published: September 2021

The efficiency and effectiveness of the production system are influenced by the logistical arrangement of material flows. The smooth production, especially for assembly lines in the required quantity and at the required time (JIT or JIS systems), is currently ensured by automatically controlled towing sets (logistics trains), which consist of a tractor and several trucks. Another factor that affects the smooth production of assembly lines is the system of controlling the circulation of transport units. The number of transport units used in combination with the transport system significantly affects the efficiency of assembly workplaces. This article presents an analysis of the supply of assembly workplaces using a system of two shuttle boxes. The aim of this article is to investigate the influence of transport speed and capacity on the smoothness of the assembly process. Within the described analysis, the transport of 50,000 components is analyzed using a simulation model, while the length of the transport route is 32 km and 65 transport units per shift are used.
Preparation and characterization of a novel composite membrane of natural silk fiber/nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan for guided bone tissue regeneration
Authors: Tang Shuo , Wang Weijia
Published: September 2021

Natural silk fiber (SF) was introduced into the chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite (CS/n-HA) system to fabricate a novel guided bone tissue regeneration (GBR) membrane. The effect of different treatment methods (degummed, un-degummed, or dissolved SF) and different contents of SF on the properties of the CS/n-HA composite membrane was investigated. Results demonstrated that the degummed SF/CS/n-HA composite membrane with a weight ratio of 2:6:2 possessed the highest mechanical strength, where SF supported the composite membrane as a skeleton frame in the form of primeval state, while the un-degummed SF and dissolved SF had weaker reinforce effect due to the poor interface or poor interaction between SF and CS, and the dissolved SF/CS/n-HA composite membrane displayed the fastest degradation. However, the three SF could all improve the cell biocompatibility of the CS/n-HA composite membrane. Conclusively, the study revealed that degummed SF could in situ reinforce the CS/n-HA composite membrane with a simple and green processing method, which would provide an important guidance significant to develop a novel GBR membrane.
Identification and logging evaluation of poor reservoirs in X Oilfield
Authors: Lu Shengyan , Deng Rui , Linghu Song , Wu Shengli
Published: September 2021

The reservoirs of X Oilfield have the characteristics of fine lithology particles, strong pore structure heterogeneity, and high argillaceous reservoirs and thin layers are generally developed. Conventional logging interpretation cannot make a fine evaluation, which results in serious discrepancies between the interpretation results of some reservoirs and actual production performance, and reserves are underestimated. Improving poor reservoir identification and logging evaluation accuracy is of great significance to oilfield development. The flow zone indicator (FZI) is used to classify the reservoirs into three types, I, II, and III, and the classification results are combined to establish a reservoir type identification chart based on logging curves; the resolution matching method and the deconvolution method are used to improve the accuracy of thin-layer recognition. Finally, the logging interpretation model is reestablished. Logging evaluations were conducted on 20 wells in X oilfield, and Y core wells were used for verification. The application results show that this method can effectively improve the identification accuracy of thin oilfields and high argillaceous reservoirs; the results of fine logging interpretation of poor reservoirs are consistent with core analysis conclusions and actual production conditions, which are typical of the successful application of poor reservoir technology.
Alkaline electro-hydrolysis pretreatment of rice straw for enhanced biogas production under ambient temperature
Authors: Naik Gopal P. , Poonia Anil K. , Chaudhari Parmesh K.
Published: September 2021

Biogas production can supplement the renewable energy target of the world. For this abundantly available agricultural waste like wheat and rice straw can be used. Biogas generation using this waste will curb the stubble burning incidences, reduce greenhouse gases, enhance farmer’s income, and strengthen the energy security of many countries. The recalcitrant nature of rice straw is a barrier to its hydrolysis, which is a prerequisite of the anaerobic digestion (AD) process. Alkaline, electro-hydrolysis, and a combination of both pretreatment (alkaline electrohydrolysis) methods are undertaken in the present study. Batch reactors at ambient temperature were used for AD of rice straw at different inoculums to substrate ratios (ISR) of 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 to observe the effect on biogas/methane yield. Among these, a higher amount of biogas was obtained for ISR of 0.5 in all sets of experiments. The combined pretreatment method yielded biogas of 315.9 mL/gVS (equivalent to methane of 167.4 mL/gVS). For pretreat-ed rice straw by electro-hydrolysis, alkaline, and combined (alkaline and electro-hydrolysis) respectively, the methane yields were 7.03, 18.13, and 49.82% higher than untreated rice straw. The biogas had approximately 53% of methane content. The use of rice straw for biogas production may prove a viable alternative for clean and sustainable energy. In the studies, a first-order kinetic model is found to fit better the experimental results.
On the modular isomorphism problem for groups of class 3 and obelisks
Authors: Margolis Leo , Stanojkovski Mima
Published: September 2021

We study the Modular Isomorphism Problem applying a combination of existing and new techniques.
We make use of the small group algebra to give a positive answer for two classes of groups of nilpotency class 3.
We also introduce a new approach to derive properties of the lower central series of a finite 𝑝-group from the structure of the associated modular group algebra.
Finally, we study the class of so-called 𝑝-obelisks which are highlighted by recent computer-aided investigations of the problem.
The Implantation Argument: Simulation Theory is Proof that God Exists
Authors: Grupp Jeff
Published: September 2021

I introduce the implantation argument, a new argument for the existence of God. Spatiotemporal extensions believed to exist outside of the mind, composing an external physical reality, cannot be composed of either atomlessness (infinite divisibility, atomless gunk), or of Democritean atoms (extended simples), and therefore the inner experience of an external reality containing spatiotemporal extensions believed to exist outside of the mind does not represent the external reality (inner mind does not represent external, mind-independent, reality), the mind is a mere cinematic-like mindscreen (a mindscreen simulation), implanted into the mind by a creator-God. It will be shown that only a creator-God can be the implanting creator of the mindscreen simulation (the creator of reality), and other simulation theories, such as Bostrom’s famous account, that do not involve a creator-God as the mindscreen simulation creator, involve a reification fallacy.
Hot deformation behavior of nano-Al2O3-dispersion-strengthened Cu20W composite
Authors: An Junchao , Zhou Meng , Tian Baohong , Geng Yongfeng , Ban Yijie , Liang Shengli
Published: September 2021

Nano-Al2O3 dispersion-strengthened Cu20W composite was fabricated by vacuum hot-pressing sintering process. The electrical conductivity, relative density, and Brinell hardness were tested, respectively. The gleeble-1500D thermomechanical simulator was used to conduct isothermal compression with strain rates ranging from 0.001 to 10 s−1 and the temperatures ranging from 650 to 950°C. The microstructure of the Cu–Al2O3/20W composite was observed using an optical microscope and a transmission electron microscope, and the true stress–strain curves were analyzed. In addition, the influence of the nano-Al2O3 and tungsten on the thermal deformation process of the composite was analyzed. The relationship and interaction among work hardening, dynamic recovery, and dynamic recrystallization were illustrated. The results show that nano-Al2O3 particles pin dislocations and inhibit dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization. Consequently, the Cu–Al2O3/20W composite has typical dynamic recovery characteristics. Hence, the Cu–Al2O3/20W composite possesses outstanding high-temperature performance. The optimal processing domain of the Cu–Al2O3/20W composite ranged from 760 to 950°C with strain rates ranging from 0.01 to 0.1 s−1. Furthermore, the constitutive equation of the Cu–Al2O3/20W composite is established, and the activation energy is 155.069 kJ mol−1.
Forecasting transaction counts with integer-valued GARCH models
Authors: Aknouche Abdelhakim , Almohaimeed Bader S. , Dimitrakopoulos Stefanos
Published: September 2021

Using numerous transaction data on the number of stock trades, we conduct a forecasting exercise with INGARCH models, governed by various conditional distributions; the Poisson, the linear and quadratic negative binomial, the double Poisson and the generalized Poisson. The model parameters are estimated with efficient Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods, while forecast evaluation is done by calculating point and density forecasts.
Transfer Between Lifts: Increased Strength in Untrained Exercises
Authors: Mang Zachary , Kravitz Len , Beam Jason
Published: September 2021

The principle of specificity confers that physiological adaptations to exercise reflect the specific stimuli applied during an exercise training program. When applied to resistance training (RT), the principle of specificity implies that the acquisition of strength, which is often measured as a 1 repetition maximum, is specific to several variables of an RT program such as intensity, contraction type, and motor pattern. Although the principle of specificity holds true, a phenomenon called “transfer” also occurs when a lifter increases their strength in an exercise that they did not train. For example, if a lifter performed lunges in lieu of back squat, but their back squat strength increased anyway, there would be transfer between the lunge and back squat. This column summarizes recent research that reported transfer between bilateral exercises, unilateral to bilateral exercises, and single-joint to multiple-joint exercises and provides several recommendations for practical applications along the way.
Cognitive Control Promotes Either Honesty or Dishonesty, Depending on One's Moral Default
Authors: Speer Sebastian P. , Smidts Ale , Boksem Maarten A. S.
Published: September 2021

Cognitive control is crucially involved in making (dis)honest decisions. However, the precise nature of this role has been hotly debated. Is honesty an intuitive response, or is will power needed to override an intuitive inclination to cheat? A reconciliation of these conflicting views proposes that cognitive control enables dishonest participants to be honest, whereas it allows those who are generally honest to cheat. Thus, cognitive control does not promote (dis)honesty per se; it depends on one's moral default. In the present study, we tested this proposal using electroencephalograms in humans (males and females) in combination with an independent localizer (Stroop task) to mitigate the problem of reverse inference. Our analysis revealed that the neural signature evoked by cognitive control demands in the Stroop task can be used to estimate (dis)honest choices in an independent cheating task, providing converging evidence that cognitive control can indeed help honest participants to cheat, whereas it facilitates honesty for cheaters.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDishonesty causes enormous economic losses. To target dishonesty with interventions, a rigorous understanding of the underlying cognitive mechanisms is required. A recent study found that cognitive control enables honest participants to cheat, whereas it helps cheaters to be honest. However, it is evident that a single study does not suffice as support for a novel hypothesis. Therefore, we tested the replicability of this finding using a different modality (EEG instead of fMRI) together with an independent localizer task to avoid reverse inference. We find that the same neural signature evoked by cognitive control demands in the localizer task can be used to estimate (dis)honesty in an independent cheating task, establishing converging evidence that the effect of cognitive control indeed depends on a person's moral default.
Metabolic Control of Sensory Neuron Survival by the p75 Neurotrophin Receptor in Schwann Cells
Authors: Follis Rose M. , Tep Chhavy , Genaro-Mattos Thiago C. , Kim Mi Lyang , Ryu Jae Cheon , Morrison Vivianne E. , Chan Jonah R. , Porter Ned , Carter Bruce D. , Yoon Sung Ok
Published: September 2021

We report that the neurotrophin receptor p75 contributes to sensory neuron survival through the regulation of cholesterol metabolism in Schwann cells. Selective deletion of p75 in mouse Schwann cells of either sex resulted in a 30% loss of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and diminished thermal sensitivity. P75 regulates Schwann cell cholesterol biosynthesis in response to BDNF, forming a co-receptor complex with ErbB2 and activating ErbB2-mediated stimulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2), a master regulator of cholesterol synthesis. Schwann cells lacking p75 exhibited decreased activation of SREBP2 and a reduction in 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) reductase (DHCR7) expression, resulting in accumulation of the neurotoxic intermediate, 7-dehyrocholesterol in the sciatic nerve. Restoration of DHCR7 in p75 null Schwann cells in mice significantly attenuated DRG neuron loss. Together, these results reveal a mechanism by which the disruption of lipid metabolism in glial cells negatively influences sensory neuron survival, which has implications for a wide range of peripheral neuropathies.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlthough expressed in Schwann cells, the role of p75 in myelination has remained unresolved in part because of its dual expression in sensory neurons that Schwann cells myelinate. When p75 was deleted selectively among Schwann cells, myelination was minimally affected, while sensory neuron survival was reduced by 30%. The phenotype is mainly due to dysregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis in p75-deficient Schwann cells, leading to an accumulation of neurotoxic cholesterol precursor, 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC). Mechanism-wise, we discovered that in response to BDNF, p75 recruits and activates ErbB2 independently of ErbB3, thereby stimulating the master regulator, sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2). These results together highlight a novel role of p75 in Schwann cells in regulating DRG neuron survival by orchestrating proper cholesterol metabolism.