bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acquired widespread lymphangiectasia mimicking immunobullous disease: A case report
Authors: Brothers Ross J , Crowe David R
Published: October 2018

A 76-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a 3-year history of a recurrent pruritic eruption on the hips, thighs, and under the breasts associated with intermittent lesions resembling vesicles and bullae that failed to respond to topical corticosteroids. She had a history of severe lichen sclerosis et atrophicus, leading to invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva for which she underwent radical vulvectomy and bilateral inguino-femoral lymph node dissection. On physical examination, involving the inframammary breasts, abdomen, hips, and proximal thighs there were multiple erosions with hemorrhagic crust and multiple clustered translucent papules. 4+ pitting and nonpitting edema were present on both legs. Biopsies were consistent with acquired lymphangiectasia. Acquired lymphangiectasia can be difficult to identify clinically. In our case, the unusually widespread distribution was morphologically reminiscent of immunobullous disease. The extensive surgical disruption to the patient’s lymphatic system was likely responsible for this unique presentation.
Congenital peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in a family of Persian cats
Authors: Margolis Carol , Zakošek Pipan Maja , Demchur Jolie , Or Matan , Henthorn Paula , Casal Margret L
Published: October 2018

Case series summary

The congenital midline defects of peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia (PPDH) and omphalocele are believed to be related developmental defects, and have both been described in cats and dogs. This case series describes multiple cases of PPDH and omphalocele in related cats. The majority of cats affected with midline defects (PPDH or omphalocele) were male, consistent with previous reports of male overrepresentation.

Relevance and novel information

This is the first report of a family of Persian cats affected by PPDH and/or omphalocele. Clinical findings and pedigree information are suggestive of an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. However, other modes of inheritance cannot be ruled out owing to limited sample size. The findings in this family and previous reports of Persians affected by PPDH warrant further investigation. Based on this information, recommendations for breeding populations of Persians and long-haired cats should include thoracic radiographs to screen for PPDH until a DNA-based genetic test is available.
Inflammatory signals directly instruct PU.1 in HSCs via TNF
Authors: Etzrodt Martin , Ahmed Nouraiz , Hoppe Philipp S. , Loeffler Dirk , Skylaki Stavroula , Hilsenbeck Oliver , Kokkaliaris Konstantinos D. , Kaltenbach Hans-Michael , Stelling Jörg , Nerlov Claus , Schroeder Timm
Published: October 2018

The molecular mechanisms governing the transition from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to lineage-committed progenitors remain poorly understood. Transcription factors (TFs) are powerful cell intrinsic regulators of differentiation and lineage commitment, while cytokine signaling has been shown to instruct the fate of progenitor cells. However, the direct regulation of differentiation-inducing hematopoietic TFs by cell extrinsic signals remains surprisingly difficult to establish. PU.1 is a master regulator of hematopoiesis and promotes myeloid differentiation. Here we report that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) can directly and rapidly upregulate PU.1 protein in HSCs in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that in vivo, niche-derived TNF is the principal PU.1 inducing signal in HSCs and is both sufficient and required to relay signals from inflammatory challenges to HSCs.
The White Legend
Authors: Bauer Ralph
Published: October 2018

This position paper offers a reflection on Edmundo O’Gorman’s seminal La invención de América as a critique of the New World exceptionalism underwriting much of twentieth-century hemispheric American studies. It suggests that the paradigm of New World exceptionalism emerges, as a state of exception, from the modern Western (Protestant) idea that America was discovered by Europeans in the fifteenth century, or that America was ever “discovered” by anyone at all. This exceptionalist paradigm of discovery can be understood in terms of a “White Legend” that structurally depends on the idea of the “Black Legend” of the Spanish conquest, for, contrary to conventional wisdom, it was the conquest of America (not its “discovery”) that legitimated the modern idea of discovery in international law and science.
BorderlandsLetrados
Authors: Padilla Yolanda
Published: October 2018

Angel Rama’s concept of the letrado refers to Latin American lettered individuals who used writing to consolidate the nation. But what might it have meant to be a letrado in the geopolitical context of the US-Mexico border in the early twentieth century, one that combined territorial dispossession, migration, and revolution? This essay examines the contributions of border Mexicans to La crónica, an influential Laredo, Texas, newspaper that appeared at least from 1910 to 1914. These “borderlands letrados” engaged the Mexican nation from positions of opposition during the Mexican Revolution while contending with Anglo-American nativist imperatives, which shaped their cultivation of an ethnic identity in the United States. Mobilizing the concept of the letrado in the context of these borderlands writers makes them legible within larger Latin American currents while elucidating their place at the center of issues encompassing ethnic, national, and transnational concerns.
Mesenchymal stem cell mechanotransduction is cAMP dependent and regulated by adenylyl cyclase 6 and the primary cilium
Authors: Johnson Gillian P. , Stavenschi Elena , Eichholz Kian F. , Corrigan Michele A. , Fair Sean , Hoey David A.
Published: October 2018

Mechanical loading is a potent stimulus of bone adaptation, requiring the replenishment of the osteoblast from a progenitor population. One such progenitor is the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), which undergoes osteogenic differentiation in response to oscillatory fluid shear. Yet, the mechanism mediating stem cell mechanotransduction, and thus the potential to target this therapeutically, is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that MSCs utilise cAMP as a second messenger in mechanotransduction, which is required for flow-mediated increases in osteogenic gene expression. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this mechanosignalling is dependent on the primary cilium and the ciliary localised adenylyl cyclase 6. Finally, we also demonstrate that this mechanotransduction mechanism can be targeted therapeutically to enhance cAMP signalling and early osteogenic signalling, mimicking the beneficial effect of physical loading. Our findings therefore demonstrate a novel mechanism of MSC mechanotransduction that can be targeted therapeutically, demonstrating a potential mechanotherapeutic for bone-loss diseases such as osteoporosis.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
The relationship between pectoral fin ray stiffness and swimming behavior in Labridae: insights into design, performance, and ecology
Authors: Aiello Brett R. , Hardy Adam R. , Cherian Chery , Olsen Aaron M. , Ahn Sihyun E. , Hale Melina E. , Westneat Mark W.
Published: October 2018

The functional capabilities of flexible, propulsive, appendages are directly influenced by their mechanical properties. The fins of fishes have undergone extraordinary evolutionary diversification in structure and function, which raises questions of how fin mechanics relate to swimming behavior. In the fish family Labridae, pectoral fin swimming behavior ranges from rowing to flapping. Rowers are more maneuverable than flappers, but flappers generate greater thrust at high speeds and achieve greater mechanical efficiency at all speeds. Interspecific differences in hydrodynamic capability are largely dependent on fin kinematics and deformation, and are expected to correlate with fin stiffness. Here we examine fin ray stiffness in two closely related species that employ divergent swimming behaviors, the flapping Gomphosus varius and the rowing Halichoeres bivittatus. To determine the spatial distribution of flexural stiffness across the fin, we performed three-point bending tests at the center of the proximal, middle, and distal regions of four equally spaced fin rays. Pectoral fin ray flexural stiffness ranged from 0.0001-1.5109 microNewtons•m2, and the proximal regions of G. varius fin rays were nearly an order of magnitude stiffer than those of H. bivittatus. In both species, fin ray flexural stiffness decreased exponentially along the proximo-distal span of fin rays, and flexural stiffness decreased along the fin chord from the leading to trailing edge. Further, the proportion of fin area occupied by fin rays was significantly greater in G. varius than in H. bivittatus, suggesting that the proportion of fin ray to fin area contributes to differences in fin mechanics.
Dive heart rate in harbour porpoises is influenced by exercise and expectations
Authors: McDonald Birgitte I. , Johnson Mark , Madsen Peter T.
Published: October 2018

The dive response, a decrease in heart rate (ƒH) and peripheral vasoconstriction, is the key mechanism allowing breath-hold divers to perform long duration dives. This pronounced cardiovascular response to diving has been investigated intensely in pinnipeds, but comparatively little is known for cetaceans, in particular in ecologically relevant settings. Here we studied the dive ƒH response in one the smallest cetaceans, the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). We used a novel multi-sensor data logger to record dive behaviour, ƒH, ventilations and feeding events in three trained porpoises, providing the first evaluation of cetacean ƒH regulation while performing a variety of natural behaviours, including prey capture. We predicted that tagged harbour porpoises would exhibit a decrease in ƒH in all dives, but the degree of bradycardia would be influenced by dive duration and activity, i.e., the dive ƒH response will be exercise modulated. In all dives, ƒH decreased compared to surface rates by at least 50% (mean maximum surface=173 beats min−1, mean minimum dive=50 beats min−1); however, dive ƒH was approximately 10 beats min−1 higher in active dives due to a slower decrease in ƒH and more variable ƒH during pursuit of prey. We show that porpoises exhibit the typical breath-hold diver bradycardia during aerobic dives and that the heart rate response is modulated by exercise and dive duration; however, other variables such as expectations and individual differences are equally important in determining diving heart rate.
Respiratory mechanics and morphology of Tibetan and Andean high-altitude geese with divergent life histories
Authors: York Julia M. , Scadeng Miriam , McCracken Kevin G. , Milsom William K.
Published: October 2018

High-altitude bar-headed geese (Anser indicus) and Andean geese (Chloephaga melanoptera) have been shown to preferentially increase tidal volume over breathing frequency when increasing ventilation during exposure to hypoxia. Increasing tidal volume is a more effective breathing strategy but is also thought to be more mechanically and metabolically expensive. We asked whether there might be differences in the mechanics or morphology of the respiratory systems of high altitude transient bar-headed geese and high-altitude resident Andean geese that could minimize the cost of breathing more deeply. We compared these two species to a low-altitude migratory species, the barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis). We ventilated anesthetized birds to measure mechanical properties of the respiratory system and used CT scans to quantify respiratory morphology. We found that the respiratory system of Andean geese was disproportionately larger than the other two species, allowing use of a deeper breathing strategy for the same energetic cost. The relative size of the respiratory system, especially the caudal air sacs, of bar-headed geese was also larger than that of the barnacle goose. However, when normalized to respiratory system size the mechanical cost of breathing did not differ significantly among these three species indicating that deeper breathing is enabled by morphological but not mechanical differences between species. The metabolic cost of breathing was estimated to be <1% of basal metabolic rate at rest in normoxia. Due to differences in the magnitude of the ventilatory response, the cost of breathing was estimated to increase 7 to 10-fold in the bar-headed and barnacle geese in severe hypoxia, but less than 1-fold in the Andean goose exposed to the same low atmospheric PO2.
Suicídio em Mato Grosso - Brasil: 1996 a 2015
Authors: De Oliveira Ligia Regina , Benedetti Ariane de Oliveira Camargo
Published: October 2018

Introdução: O suicídio é uma das dez principais causas de mortalidade no mundo; é considerado um grande problema de saúde pública seja por sua magnitude, complexidade, seja pelo forte impacto social, econômico e pessoal. O Brasil é o oitavo país em número de suicídios, com média de 24 suicídios por dia. Objetivo: descrever a mortalidade por suicídios em Mato Grosso, no período de 1996 a 2015. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo descritivo a partir de dados secundários do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade/Ministério da Saúde. Os dados foram analisados em termos de frequência relativa (proporções, razão e taxas). Resultados: Os resultados revelam estabilidade da taxa de suicídio em Mato Grosso - média 6,8 óbitos/100.000 habitantes, mas com valores superiores ao Brasil - média 5,7 óbitos/100.000 habitantes. Observa-se a sobremortalidade masculina (Razão de sexo = 3,47), e taxas de suicídio mais elevadas em idosos (9,8/100.000 habitantes). As lesões autoprovocadas prevaleceram em relação à autointoxicação como método utilizado para o suicídio em uma razão de 4,83; porém, com comportamento diferente entre os sexos: 6,69 e 2,11, para o sexo masculino e feminino respectivamente. Entre as lesões autoprovocadas, enforcamento (62,6%) e arma de fogo (24,6%) foram as mais frequentes, enquanto as intoxicações por pesticidas (56,4%) predominaram entre as autointoxicações. Conclusão: O estudo revela informações pouco exploradas sobre o suicídio no estado de Mato Grosso e, portanto, relevantes para ampliar o conhecimento sobre o problema e sua prevenção.
Opinions of Social Studies Prospective Teachers on Out-of-School Learning
Authors: Metin-Goksu Meral , Somen Tugba
Published: October 2018

This study aims to analyse opinions of social studies prospective teachers towards out-of-school learning. It was conducted with 12 prospective teachers who were at their final year at Kafkas University Education Faculty, Social Studies Teaching Department. In this qualitative study, phenomenological design was adopted, and the data was collected with semi-structured interview form which was developed by the researcher. To explain qualitative data and to find relationships, explanatory and inferential codes during analysis were adopted. Based on the results obtained from this study, prospective teachers expressed that they had inadequate knowledge about out-of-school learning, and out-of-school learning may present advantageous to learning process such as learning with doing-experiencing, permanence of subjects, and materialisation of information. Additionally, regarding out-of-school learning, prospective teachers expressed that there may be problems with time and incorrect learning practices. Recommendations were presented for these results.
Analyzing the Views of Pre-Service Teachers on the Use of Augmented Reality Applications in Education
Authors: Uygur Mutlu , Yelken Tugba Yanpar , Akay Cenk
Published: October 2018

It was aimed in this study to determine the teacher candidates' views on the augmented reality applications in education. It is a descriptive study to identify the present situation. Survey model, one of the quantitative research methods, was used in the research. The sample group of the study is comprised of 220 teacher candidates who are studying in the 2nd Grade of 8 departments in Mersin University Faculty of Education. Consisting of 4 sections, 22 items and an open-ended question, a questionnaire was used as a data collection tool in the study to determine the views of teacher candidates about the augmented reality applications in education. The findings obtained from the analysis of the data were shown in frequency and percentage. Qualitative findings obtained from the open-ended question were classified into codes and themes through content analysis method, and frequency and percentages of codes were given. It was found in the study that the teacher candidates did not know well enough about the augmented reality applications and that those who knew them found these applications very entertaining, motivating and facilitating learning, and were also of the same mind to use them widely in education.
The Middle School Students’ Attitudes towards Turkish Course and Perceptions for Turkish Teachers
Authors: Turkyilmaz Mustafa , Armut Mustafa
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this study is to determine the attitude towards Turkish Course and reveal the perception of students towards Turkish Course and teacher. In this context, a personal information form and Attitude Towards Turkish Course (ATTC) Scale were applied to 419 students who receive education in the center of Kirsehir province, in Turkey. In addition to that, the metaphors of students towards Turkish teacher and course were compiled by means of semi-structured interview form. The students were also required to draw pictures that express their feelings towards Turkish Course. The results can be summarized as follows: it was seen that Turkish teachers were likened to an “angel”, “cotton” and “panda”, and happy emojis and heart figures were drawn towards Turkish Course. It was understood that the attitudes of- female students in comparison to male students, the ones who possess a phone to the ones who do not, the ones who have a higher literacy level to the ones with lower literacy level, the ones with more social media followers to the ones with less followers and the ones who spend more extracurricular time with to the ones who do not- have been developed more positively.
Faktor Perilaku dan Gaya Hidup yang Mempengaruhi Status Prediabetes Pasien Puskesmas Pati II
Authors: Sukenty Ninik Trisnawati , Shaluhiyah Zahroh , Suryoputro Antono
Published: October 2018

Background: Prediabetes status describes as the condition of blood glucose level above normal but insufficient to be diagnosed as diabetes. The stage of prediabetes is a critical condition of blood glucose level, but could reverse to be normal again if healthy lifestyle is routinely performed. In USA one of three people diagnosed with prediabetes. But most people did not realize that they had prediabetes history. The increasing number of prediabetes occurs due to the absence of typical symptoms. If prediabetes detected earlier, the rate of diabetes mellitus could be prevented. This study aims to examine some behaviors that affect the prediabetes status of patients in Pati II health center. Method: This is an explanatory research with cross sectional approach. Samples were rucruited using inclusion criteria such as aged 40–59 years, not diagnosed as diabetes, abdominal circumference more than 90 for men and 80 for women. There were 117 respondents involved in this study.   Results: This research showed that the number of respondents with prediabetes status was 39.3%. Respondents with blood glucose level ranged more than 200 mg/dl were 6%. The variables that influence the prediabetes status of the respondents were Body Mass Index with OR 3.591 (p value 0.011), diet pattern with OR 2.435 (p value 0.044), and smoking habit or passive smoking with OR 2.493 (p value 0.046). This study recommends to prevent the prediabetes to be diabetes, needed the socialization of healthy lifestyle to the community and early detection of prediabetes. Early prevention includes changes to people healthy lifestyles such as maintaining healthy body weight, doing physical activity routinely, healthy eating patterns, avoiding cigarette smoke and smoking habits.Keywords: prediabetes, BMI, diet, smoking
Naïve Justice in the Ancient Greek Novel
Authors: MacQueen Bruce D.
Published: October 2018

This article discusses three trial scenes from three different ancient Greek novels (by Chariton, Achilles Tatius, and Longus), in which naïve justice seems to be deliberately subverted. The titular concept of “naïve justice” is defined here in terms borrowed from Aristotle’s Poetics, where the term “double resolution” is used, disparagingly, of plots in which the good characters are all rewarded and the bad characters all punished. The argument is made that the trial scenes under discussion should raise doubts in the reader’s mind as to which of the parties is truly guilty, and which is truly innocent. This can be seen as a reflection of unexpectedly mature ethical sensibilities on the part of these often-underestimated writers, who seem to have grasped that the “double resolution” may make the reader feel good, but has little to do with the real world.
Parmenides’ Poem: Riddle from B 5
Authors: Bogaczyk-Vormayr Małgorzata
Published: October 2018

The paper constitutes a short analysis of the poem of Parmenides from Elea “On Nature”. The author posits that this text is the original aim of ontology. In the author’s opinion, the most important thesis of the poem is to be found in the fragment B 5, in which she recognizes the ancient motive of the self-knowledge (“the inner Way of Truth”). The primary purpose of the analysis is to interpret the mythological language and to reconsider terminology, e.g. Way of Day and Way of Night, Dike and Moira, thymos, plankton noon. Furthermore, the thinking of Parmenides is briefly interpreted in comparison with Heraclitus, Anaximander, and Archytas.
U podstaw myśli etycznej Leszka Kołakowskiego
Authors: Olczyk Adam
Published: October 2018

The article discusses primary matters of Leszek Kołakowski’s ethical thought. For that purpose, the analysis focuses on the need to justify the content of natural law. Kołakowski maintains that the development of communication and growth of cities are foundations of the justification process. In line with this idea the intuition of evil (related with such terms like tabu, sacrum, profanum or sin) is the major determinant for the distinction between good and evil. Kołakowski’s theory also explores a connection between the experience of evil and human dignity.
Etyka zawodowa pracowników państwowych organów kontroli
Authors: Łabieniec Paweł
Published: October 2018

State audit institutions constitute a very important part of the contemporary model of state. Auditors (people employed by state audit institutions), being professionals, should fulfill many duties which are customarily assigned to them by the society. In their daily work auditors should observe statutes and codes of ethics. The ethics of auditors of the Supreme Audit Office (Najwyższa Izba Kontroli) is held in high regard among rules of conduct for auditors. It serves a model for ethics in other state audit institutions, such as the National Labour Inspectorate (Państwowa Inspekcja Pracy) or Regional Chambers of Audit (regionalne izby obrachunkowe). Ethics of auditors is a special kind of ethics expected from public administration employees.
Kilka uwag o teorii znaczenia Kazimierza Ajdukiewicza
Authors: Tomza Anna
Published: October 2018

The current discourse in the philosophy of law and philosophy of language is focused on one question – what is the proper meaning of the concept of meaning? The main problem in this reflections is a definition of a term ‘meaning’. Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz, the most renown Polish logician, which analyzed this problem, present the definition of ‘meaning’ as a proper understanding of the sense of the directives. Many current philosophers take this part of Ajdukiewicz’s work to demonstrate the cognitive part of the philosophy of law and especially the philosophy of language. In the Polish theory of law this issue is overlooked. In my opinion Ajdukiewicz was a creator of the philosophical concept ‘meaning’, and this article will consider the possibility that the idea of directive concept of ‘meaning’ and the conception of meaning belongs rather to the philosophy of language than constitutes the theory of logic.
Islamofobia. Konteksty
Authors: Bobako Monika
Published: October 2018

Islamofobia. Konteksty
Insensitivity to Pain upon Adult-Onset Deletion of Nav1.7 or Its Blockade with Selective Inhibitors
Authors: Shields Shannon D. , Deng Lunbin , Reese Rebecca M. , Dourado Michelle , Tao Janet , Foreman Oded , Chang Jae H. , Hackos David H.
Published: October 2018

Strong human genetic evidence points to an essential contribution of the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7 to pain sensation: loss of Nav1.7 function leads to congenital insensitivity to pain, whereas gain-of-function mutations in theSCN9Agene that encodes Nav1.7 cause painful neuropathies, such as inherited erythromelalgia, a syndrome characterized by episodic spontaneous pain. Selective Nav1.7 channel blockers thus hold promise as potential painkillers with improved safety and reduced unwanted side effects compared with existing therapeutics. To determine the maximum effect of a theoretically perfectly selective Nav1.7 inhibitor, we generated a tamoxifen-inducible KO mouse model enabling genetic deletion of Nav1.7 from adult mice. Electrophysiological recordings of sensory neurons from these mice following tamoxifen injection demonstrated the loss of Nav1.7 channel current and the resulting decrease in neuronal excitability of small-diameter neurons. We found that behavioral responses to most, but surprisingly not all, modalities of noxious stimulus are abolished following adult deletion of Nav1.7, pointing toward indications where Nav1.7 blockade should be efficacious. Furthermore, we demonstrate that isoform-selective acylsulfonamide Nav1.7 inhibitors show robust analgesic and antinociceptive activity acutely after a single dose in mouse pain models shown to be Nav1.7-dependent. All experiments were done with both male and female mice. Collectively, these data expand the depth of knowledge surrounding Nav1.7 biology as it relates to pain, and provide preclinical proof of efficacy that lays a clear path toward translation for the therapeutic use of Nav1.7-selective inhibitors in humans.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLoss-of-function mutations in the sodium channel Nav1.7 cause congenital insensitivity to pain in humans, making Nav1.7 a top target for novel pain drugs. Targeting Nav1.7 selectively has been challenging, however, in part due to uncertainties in which rodent pain models are dependent on Nav1.7. We have developed and characterized an adult-onset Nav1.7 KO mouse model that allows us to determine the expected effects of a theoretically perfect Nav1.7 blocker. Importantly, many commonly used pain models, such as mechanical allodynia after nerve injury, appear to not be dependent on Nav1.7 in the adult. By defining which models are Nav1.7 dependent, we demonstrate that selective Nav1.7 inhibitors can approximate the effects of genetic loss of function, which previously has not been directly established.
Ipsilesional Motor Cortex Plasticity Participates in Spontaneous Hindlimb Recovery after Lateral Hemisection of the Thoracic Spinal Cord in the Rat
Authors: Brown Andrew R. , Martinez Marina
Published: October 2018

After an incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) spontaneous motor recovery can occur in mammals, but the underlying neural substrates remain poorly understood. The motor cortex is crucial for skilled motor learning and the voluntary control of movement and is known to reorganize after cortical injury to promote recovery. Motor cortex plasticity has also been shown to parallel the recovery of forelimb function after cervical SCI, but whether cortical plasticity participates in hindlimb recovery after SCI remains unresolved. Using intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) mapping, behavioral and cortical inactivation techniques in the female Long–Evans rat, we evaluated the spontaneous cortical mechanisms of hindlimb motor recovery 1–5 weeks after lateral hemisection of the thoracic (T8) spinal cord that ablated the crossed corticospinal tract (CST) from the contralesional motor cortex while sparing the majority of the CST from the ipsilesional motor cortex. Hemisection initially impaired hindlimb motor function bilaterally but significant recovery occurred during the first 3 weeks. ICMS revealed time-dependent changes in motor cortex organization, characterized by a chronic abolishment of hindlimb motor representation in the contralesional motor cortex and the development of transient bilateral hindlimb representation in the ipsilesional motor cortex 3 weeks after hemisection, when significant behavioral recovery occurred. Consistently, reversible inactivation of the ipsilesional, but not the contralesional motor cortex, during skilled ladder walking 3 weeks after hemisection reinstated deficits in both hindlimbs. These findings indicate that the ipsilesional motor cortex transiently reorganizes after lateral hemisection of the thoracic spinal cord to support recovery of hindlimb motor function.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPartial motor recovery can occur after an incomplete spinal cord injury and is hypothesized to result from the reorganization of spared descending motor pathways. The motor cortex is crucial for the control of voluntary movement and contains topographical movement representations (motor maps) that are highly plastic. We examined the organization of hindlimb motor maps bilaterally after a lateral hemisection of the spinal cord to show that while motor maps are abolished in the deefferented cortex, the spared ipsilesional cortex transiently reorganizes to gain a representation of the affected hindlimb after injury that relates to recovery. This finding demonstrates that plasticity in the ipsilesional motor cortex at early time points after spinal cord hemisection is initially important to support motor recovery.
A Multicomponent Neuronal Response Encodes the Larval Decision to Pupariate upon Amino Acid Starvation
Authors: Jayakumar Siddharth , Richhariya Shlesha , Deb Bipan Kumar , Hasan Gaiti
Published: October 2018

Organisms need to coordinate growth with development, particularly in the context of nutrient availability. Thus, multiple ways have evolved to survive extrinsic nutrient deprivation during development. InDrosophila, growth occurs during larval development. Larvae are thus critically dependent on nutritional inputs; but after critical weight, they pupariate even when starved. How nutrient availability is coupled to the internal metabolic state for the decision to pupariate needs better understanding. We had earlier identified glutamatergic interneurons in the ventral ganglion that regulate pupariation on a protein-deficient diet. Here we report thatDrosophilathird instar larvae (either sex) sense arginine to evaluate their nutrient environment using an amino acid transporter Slimfast. The glutamatergic interneurons integrate external protein availability with internal metabolic state through neuropeptide signals. IP3-mediated calcium release and store-operated calcium entry are essential in these glutamatergic neurons for such integration and alter neuronal function by reducing the expression of multiple ion channels.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCoordinating growth with development, in the context of nutrient availability is a challenge for all organisms in nature. After attainment of “critical weight,” insect larvae can pupariate, even in the absence of nutrition. Mechanism(s) that stimulate appropriate cellular responses and allow normal development on a nutritionally deficient diet remain to be understood. Here, we demonstrate that nutritional deprivation, in postcritical weight larvae, is sensed by special sensory neurons through an amino acid transporter that detects loss of environmental arginine. This information is integrated by glutamatergic interneurons with the internal metabolic state through neuropeptide signals. These glutamatergic interneurons require calcium-signaling-regulated expression of a host of neuronal channels to generate complex calcium signals essential for pupariation on a protein-deficient diet.
The Sexual Behavior of Male Sexual Partner of Tranvestite in the Prevention Efforts of HIV/AIDS Transmission
Authors: Azinar Muhammad , Mahardining Anggipita Budi
Published: October 2018

Transvestite is one of the high risk groups in HIV/AIDS. Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) states that in 2011, the HIV prevalence among waria in Indonesia has reached 22%, increasing from 2009 (18.96%). Such occurrence is because transvestite usually has multiple partners in intercourse both oral and anal sex, and rarely use condoms. Similarly, the male regular partners of transvestite also have sex with multiple sexual partners. Therefore, they also have a high risk of spread of HIV/AIDS. The objective of this study is to analyze sexual behavior of male regular partner of transvestite in Efforts to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS. The study was carried out in 2014 using qualitative approach. Data was collected by in-depth interview on 6 male regular partner of transvestite through purposive sampling and triangulation informants of peer educators. The result shows that the use of condom on male regular partners of transvestite is still low and they inconsistently use when having sex with transvestite, female sex workers and female girlfriend. Their knowledge about HIV/AIDS is not good, and some regular partner of transvestite also felt susceptibility to contracting HIV. However, the perceived severity and perceived of benefits male regular partner of transvestite is good about HIV /AIDS despite the barrier of perceived and perceived self-efficacy is low related access to condoms.
Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) Positioning on Strengthening Partnership with Midwives
Authors: Surtimanah Tuti , Herawati Yanti
Published: October 2018

Background of this research was the still high number of infant mortality and high use of Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs). The This study aims aimed to determine TBAs positioning on the effort of strengthening partnership with midwives. A number of pregnant women, TBAs, and midwives become became informants, through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The results showed positioning TBAs still needed with different roles but side by side with midwife role, used by primi and multi pregnant women before and during pregnancy, during and after birth. The requirement forrequirement for TBAs was derived from parents as a cultural heritage, whereas the requirement for midwife obtained was from formal and non- formal information. The TBAs services toward maintain family health care including include cultural events. The midwife is givingserved professional servicescare. The partnership includes clients registration, motivation, abnormalities early detection. There has had been an unwritten financing unwritten agreement. The TBAs midwife partnership needs to be strengthened through legislation and , communication to diverse audiences in order to form the right positioning.
Effectiveness of Smartphone Application “Nutriatlet” in Increasing Energy Intake of Martial Arts Athletes
Authors: Budiono Irwan , Rahayu Tandiyo , KS Soegiyanto , Fauzi Lukman
Published: October 2018

One of the pillars in achieving good sport achievement is athlete’s nutritional status. Preliminary study on martial arts athletes in Student Sport Education and Training Central Office (BPPLOP) of Central Java Province showed that 8% of athletes had malnutrition. Survey of athlete’s consumption showed that average of energy consumption was only 74% from the number of energy requirement. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of smartphone application model “Nutriatlet” to increase energy intake of athletes. This study was conducted in 2017 using pre and posttest with control group design. We recruited 30 athletes with 15 athletes in each treatment and control group. Bivariate analysis was performed using cox proportional-hazard test. The output of statistical analysis were p value, median post-intervention duration, and hazard ratio (HR). The analysis was performed using STATA 12.1. The result showed that the athletes which performed dietary planning using Nutriatlet had 4 times higher possibilities to achieve an increase in energy consumption level ≥10% per time unit compared to athletes who did not do it.
The Caenorhabditis elegans Oxidative Stress Response Requires the NHR-49 Transcription Factor
Authors: Hu Queenie , D’Amora Dayana R , MacNeil Lesley T , Walhout Albertha J M , Kubiseski Terrance J
Published: October 2018

The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells can lead to the development of diseases associated with aging. We have previously shown that C. elegansBRAP-2 (Brca1 associated binding protein 2) regulates phase II detoxification genes such as gst-4, by increasing SKN-1 activity. Previously, a transcription factor (TF) RNAi screen was conducted to identify potential activators that are required to induce gst-4 expression in brap-2(ok1492) mutants. The lipid metabolism regulator NHR-49/HNF4 was among 18 TFs identified. Here, we show that knockdown of nhr-49 suppresses the activation of gst-4 caused by brap-2 inactivation and that gain-of-function alleles of nhr-49 promote gst-4 expression. We also demonstrate that nhr-49 and its cofactor mdt-15 are required to express phase II detoxification enzymes upon exposure to chemicals that induce oxidative stress. Furthermore, we show that NHR-49 and MDT-15 enhance expression of skn-1a/c. These findings identify a novel role for NHR-49 in ROS detoxification by regulating expression of SKN-1C and phase II detoxification genes.
Rehabilitation of Brougham Castle Bridge, UK
Authors: Wiggins David , Mudd Kiera , Healey Matthew
Published: October 2018

Brougham Castle Bridge is a three-span masonry arch highway bridge that has suffered significant scour damage to foundations and substructure with referred damage through the superstructure. This paper presents an engineer’s account of the appraisal, investigation, assessment of structural action and the design and execution of repairs for stabilising the structure. The analytical tool employed to interpret the flow of force was a thrust-line graphical equilibrium analysis. It will be demonstrated that this analytical approach accords with the observed structural pathology, thus giving a clear understanding as to where the loads are going, that they may be effectively grappled with. Through thrust-line analysis, continued stability could be demonstrated despite substantial changes in the foundation conditions. It seems fitting that this efficient, robust and confidence-building tool is the same used by the engineers who originally designed many of these bridges. Using this ‘historical approach’, a successful intervention was executed; initially emergency stabilisation work to save the bridge from collapse and latterly permanent rehabilitation works to bring the bridge back into service in advance of the upcoming winter floods.
EXTERNAL COSTS OF OPEN-CAST LIGNITE MINING FOR THE AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY (AS ILLUSTRATED BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE OCZKOWICE MINE)
Authors: Pepliński Benedykt
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this study is to calculate the externalitiesfor the agriculture and the agri-food industry ofplanned open-cast lignite mining on the Oczkowice reserve.The mine’s area of impact extends to 7 districts of south-westWielkopolska. The study envisages 2 options for the depressioncrater’s impact (mine dewatering) on crop productionand 2 scenarios of losses in livestock production. Losses dueto unrealized production in the agricultural and agri-food sectorswithin a 100-year time horizon (50 years of mining and50 years for hydrological recovery) are estimated to rangefrom PLN 22.4 billion to PLN 174 billion. Externals costs, definedas lost profits, are estimated to range from PLN 5.1 billionto PLN 39.5 billion. Compared to the value of lignitefrom the Oczkowice reserve, the level of external costs andproduction losses in the agricultural and agri-food sectorsmake open-cast lignite mining at that location an economicallyunviable project.
Dissociation of Nuclear Suspensions from Human Breast Tissues v1
Authors: Sei Emi , Bai Shanshan , Navin Nicholas
Published: October 2018

This protocol can be used to prepare nuclear suspensions from fresh or frozen tissue for single cell DNA or RNA sequencing experiments. For RNA analysis it is recommended to use fresh tissue samples, due to RNA degradation that occurs during freeze- thaw cycles, however for DNA analysis either frozen or fresh tissue can be used. The protocol has been tested on breast tissues, and many frozen tumor tissues including breast, colon prostate and pancreatic samples.
Ethnoveterinary Medicines: A Potential Alternative to Animal Health Care for the Tribal Communities of Koraput, Odisha
Authors: Lenka Kartik Charan , Pradhan Naina , Padhan Bandana
Published: October 2018

Medicinal plants play an important role throughout the world for the treatment and prevention of various diseases of both human and animal. The tribal communities of Koraput still depends on medicinal plants for their first aid remedies to treat some simple ailments of livestock. The present study was initiated to quantitatively document their indigenous knowledge on the utilization of most common medicinal plants for livestock treatment. A total of 40 field surveys were carried out from August 2015 to October 2016 in order to document the utilization of medicinal plants. The ethnoveterinary information was collected through structure interviews among the traditional healers and local livestock farmers . The collected data were analyzed through use value (UV), informant consensus factor (Fic) and fidelity level (FL). A total of 56 species of plants distributed in 54 genera belonging to 36 families were identified as commonly used medicinal plants by the tribal communities of Koraput for the treatment of 20 types of ailments. These ailments were categorized into 9 ailment categories based on the body systems treated. Leaves were the most frequently used plant parts and most of the medicines were prepared in the form of paste and administered orally. Fic values of the present study indicated that there was a high agreement in the use of plants in the treatment of wound infections, dysentery and eye problems among the users. Dermatological infections/diseases and gastro-intestinal disorders had highest use-reports and 2 species of plants had the highest fidelity level of 100%. The most important species according to their use value were Curcuma longa , Ficusreligiosa , Aloe vera, Ziziphusmauritiana, Tridaxprocumbens and Vitexnegundo. As a result of the present study it can be recommend the plants Aloe vera,Azadirachtaindica, Calotropisprocera, Curcuma longa, Daturametel, Ficusreligiosa, Ziziphusmauritiana, Vitexnegundo and Tridaxprocumbens can be investigated further for their ethnopharmacological properties for the discovery of potential new drugs for veterinary treatment.
Lead, Cadmium, and Arsenic Bioaccessibility of 24 h Duplicate Diet Ingested by Preschool Children Attending Day Care Centers in Brazil
Authors: Leroux Isabelle Nogueira , Sacone da Silva Ferreira Ana Paula , Paniz Fernanda Pollo , Pedron Tatiana , Salles Fernanda Junqueira , da Silva Fábio Ferreira , Maltez Heloisa França , Batista Bruno Lemos , Olympio Kelly Polido Kaneshiro
Published: October 2018

Lead, known as a metal with high neurotoxicity to children, cadmium, which is a carcinogenic and bioaccumulative contaminant, and arsenic, a class 1 carcinogenic according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, are toxic elements (TEs) whose relevant route of exposure may be diet. We determined the bio-accessible fraction of lead, cadmium, and arsenic from the diet of preschool children from two day care centers (DCC). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 64 one–four-year-old children from two DCCs where the 24-h duplicate diet samples were collected. The diet samples were analyzed by ICP-MS for lead, cadmium, and arsenic total concentrations (n = 64) and their bio-accessibility were analyzed for a subsample (n = 10). The dietary intake (DI) mean for lead, cadmium, and arsenic were 0.18 ± 0.11 µg kg−1 bw, 0.08 ± 0.04 µg kg−1 bw, and 0.61 ± 0.41 µg kg−1 bw, respectively. All DI calculated for TEs, considering total intake, were found lower than the tolerable limits (TL) (European Union, or World Health Organization, WHO, when applicable) except for one child’s Pb intake. Bio-accessibilities ranged between 0% to 93%, 0% to 103%, and 0% to 69%, for lead, cadmium, and arsenic, respectively. Although DI for TEs has been found lower than TL, these reference values have been recently decreased or withdrawn since it was for lead and arsenic whose TL were withdrawn by WHO.
Unfolded Protein Response-Dependent Communication and Contact among Endoplasmic Reticulum, Mitochondria and Plasma Membrane.
Authors: Saito Atsushi , Imaizumi Kazunori
Published: October 2018

The function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can be impaired by the alternation of the extra- and intracellular environment such as disruption of calcium homeostasis, expression of mutated proteins and oxidative stress. In response to disruptions to ER homeostasis, eukaryotic cells activate canonical branches of signal transduction cascades, collectively termed the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR attempts to recover the protein folding capacity and avoid irreversible cellular damage. Additionally, the UPR has been shown to play unique physiological roles in the regulation of diverse cellular events, including cell differentiation and development and lipid biosynthesis. Recent studies have indicated that these important cellular events are also regulated by contact and communication among organelles. These reports suggest strong involvement among the UPR, organelle communication and regulation of cellular homeostasis. However, the precise mechanisms for the formation of contact sites and the regulation of its dynamics by UPR remain unresolved. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of how the UPR regulates morphological changes to the ER and the formation of contact sites between the ER and other organelles. We also review how UPR-dependent connections between the ER and other organelles affect cellular and physiological functions.
Female Sufi Leaders in Turkey : Signals of  A New Social Pattern Emerging in Seculer Side
Authors: Özelce Gözde
Published: October 2018

Two sufi women take part in activities related to sufism and create an attraction point in the secular side in Turkey.The most striking point is that both women do not wear headscarves although they are muslim women. This article attempts to show how sufi women Cemalnur Sargut and  Hayatnur Artıran have idealized a Muslim woman's identity, the work they are doing to achieve this ideal, their attidue toward Rebublic values, and the effects of these attidues on their followers. This article was created from my doctoral thesis  and  based on Qualitative research which has been established on the basis of 2-year long participant observation and data obtained from in-depth and focus interviews. 31 women and 20 men were interviewed in depth and focus interviews.The main conclusions of my qualitative research are that the influence of theese sufi women is related with process of modernization by accelerating the establishment of the republic in Turkey. It seems that a perception has established concerning that “public apparency’’ of woman will disappear if the “apparency of body’’ disappears and the woman will return to its role which had relapsed into silence for centuries. Besides not using the headscarf, religious conversation  have been created by theese sufi women  in the balance of religion, philosophy and science and the fact that they are conducting their works under secular institutions such as foundations and associations have also been observed to have a very important effect on seculer side.