bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liquid‐Mediated Treatment for Silanol Defects Healing and Sn Coordination Optimization in Sn‐Beta for Improved Catalytic Activity
Authors: Li Boqing , Simancas Raquel , Nagashima Hiroki , Iyoki Kenta , Elangovan Shanmugam P. , Chokkalingam Anand , Yamagishi Takayuki , Inagaki Satoshi , Okubo Tatsuya , Wakihara Toru
Published: January 2025

The use of Sn‐beta zeolite as a heterogeneous catalyst for biomass conversion has garnered substantial attention over recent decades. This study investigates the effects of postsynthetic liquid‐mediated treatments on Sn‐beta zeolites, emphasizing the healing of silanol defects and optimization of Sn coordination to enhance catalytic performance. The treatments successfully reduced silanol concentrations, resulting in increased hydrophobicity, as confirmed by 29Si MAS NMR and water vapor adsorption measurements. Further characterization using UV–vis spectroscopy and dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)‐enhanced 119Sn NMR spectroscopy demonstrated effective framework rearrangement and optimization of Sn coordination. Consequently, the treated samples exhibited significantly improved catalytic activity, with the top‐performing sample achieving a glucose conversion of 66% and a fructose selectivity of 71%, leading to a fructose yield of 47%. This study highlights framework rearrangement and silicate species migration as effective strategies for tailoring metal‐containing zeolite catalysts.
Hydride Rebound: A Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP)‐Type Cooperative Mechanism for H2 Activation by a Potassium Aluminyl Compound
Authors: Byrne Keelan M. , Hicks Jamie , Griffin Liam P. , Aldridge Simon , Krämer Tobias
Published: January 2025

Combining experiment and theory, the mechanisms of H2 activation by the potassium‐bridged aluminyl dimer K2[Al(NON)]2 (NON=4,5‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylanilido)‐2,7‐di‐tertbutyl‐9,9‐dimethylxanthene) and its monomeric K+‐sequestered counterpart have been investigated. These systems show diverging reactivity towards the activation of dihydrogen, with the dimeric species undergoing formal oxidative addition of H2 at each Al centre under ambient conditions, and the monomer proving to be inert to dihydrogen addition. Noting that this K+ dependence is inconsistent with classical models of single‐centre reactivity for carbene‐like Al(I) species, we rationalize these observations instead by a cooperative frustrated Lewis pair (FLP)‐type mechanism (for the dimer) in which the aluminium centre acts as the Lewis base and the K+ centres as Lewis acids. In contrast to previous theoretical work on this precise system by Schaefer and co‐workers, the potassium ions are shown to play explicit roles in stabilizing a nascent 2‐bridging hydride, formed by heterolytic H−H bond cleavage (with accompanying protonation of the aluminium‐centred lone pair). K‐to‐Al hydride “rebound” into the vacant aluminium‐centred p‐orbital then completes the net addition of H2 via sequential H+/H− transfer. The experimentally determined kinetic isotope effect (kH/kD=2.6) reflects a high degree of bond activation in the transition state (as predicted quantum chemically).
A Meta‐Analysis on the Efficacy of Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation Combined With Pressure Support Ventilation in Treating Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Zhang Xiaohong , Dong Ye , Diao Dongliang , Li Ming
Published: January 2025

Objective

To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation combined with pressure support ventilation (NPPV‐PSV) in the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF) through a meta‐analysis.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI and Wanfang databases to find randomized controlled trials and cohort studies on NPPV‐PSV treatment for CHF. The period of search was set from inception until 2024. Eligible studies were included in a systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Results

A total of 8 studies with 568 patients were included in this meta‐analysis. The meta‐analysis revealed that compared with conventional treatment, NPPV‐PSV treatment had significant advantages in several aspects: clinical efficacy rate (total effect Z = 5.10, OR = 3.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) [2.01, 4.83], p = 0.000), heart rate (HR) (total effect Z = 16.26, MD = −10.50, 95% CI [−11.76, −9.23], p = 0.000), respiratory rate (RR) (total effect Z = 16.50, MD = −6.44, 95% CI [−7.20, −5.67], p = 0.000) and oxygen saturation (total effect Z = 12.40, MD = 0.09, 95% CI [0.08, 0.11], p = 0.000).

Conclusion

Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation combined with PSV treatment significantly improves clinical symptoms, reduces HR and RR and increases oxygen saturation in patients with CHF, showing superior effects compared with conventional treatment.
Prognostic Value of Frailty in Patients With Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Diaz‐Arocutipa Carlos , Hernandez Adrian V.
Published: January 2025

Background

There is scarce data on the prognostic value of frailty in patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM). This study aimed to assess the association between frailty and in‐hospital outcomes in patients with TCM.

Methods

Adult admissions with TCM were included using the 2016−2019 National Inpatient Sample database. The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality and secondary outcomes included cardiogenic shock, in‐hospital cardiac arrest, stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), length of hospital stay, and total charges. Frailty was assessed using the hospital frailty risk score (HFRS), and admissions were divided into two groups: low risk and intermediate/high risk of frailty. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

A total of 32 360 patients were included; the median age was 67 (58−76) years and 90% were female. The median HFRS was 2.6 (1.1−5.3). In the adjusted models, in‐hospital mortality was significantly higher in the intermediate/high risk of frailty group (OR 3.60, 95% CI 2.16−6.02) compared to the low‐risk group. Similarly, admissions with intermediate/high risk of frailty had a significantly higher risk of cardiogenic shock (OR 3.66, 95% CI 2.77−4.80), in‐hospital cardiac arrest (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.55−4.24), and stroke/TIA (OR 5.68, 95% CI 3.51−9.20). There was a significantly higher hospital charges and length of hospital stay in the intermediate/high‐risk group. In the restricted cubic spline regression models, the frailty score was nonlinearly associated with all outcomes.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that frailty is useful as a prognostic factor for in‐hospital events in patients with TCM.
Trends in Mortality Due to Cardiovascular Diseases Among Patients With Parkinson's Disease in the United States: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Akhtar Muzamil , Farooqi Hanzala Ahmed , Nabi Rayyan , Abbasi Sabahat Ul Ain Munir , Picker Sarah MacKenzie , Ahmed Raheel
Published: January 2025

Background

Parkinson disease (PD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) present significant health burdens, particularly among older adults. Patients with PD have an elevated risk of CVD‐related mortality. Analyzing mortality trends in this population may help guide focused interventions.

Methods

Mortality data were extracted from the CDC WONDER database, using ICD‐10 code G20 for PD and I00‐I99 for CVD. Age‐adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100,000 were calculated and trends were examined across variables including gender, year, race, and urbanization, place of death, region, and state. Annual percentage change (APC) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was computed using Joinpoint regression.

Results

A total of 138 151 CVD‐related deaths were reported among individuals with PD. The AAMR decreased from 23.5 in 1999 to 12.7 in 2020, with a notable decline between 1999 and 2014 (APC: −5.13; 95% CI, −5.44 to −4.86), followed by a modest increase from 2014 to 2020 (APC: 1.37; 95% CI, 0.16–3.05). Males exhibited higher AAMRs compared to females (Male AAMR: 22.6 vs. Female AAMR: 10.4). Non‐Hispanic (NH) Whites had the highest AAMR (16.1), followed by Hispanics (11.2), NH Asians (10.2), and NH Blacks (9.7). Nonmetropolitan areas showed a higher AAMR (16.3) compared to metropolitan areas (14.9). State‐level analysis indicated Nebraska with the highest AAMR (21.4), while Georgia recorded the lowest (9.9).

Conclusions

CVD‐related mortality in PD patients has declined overall, though rates rose slightly from 2014 to 2020. Gender, racial, and geographic disparities highlight the need for targeted strategies to reduce cardiovascular risks in this population.
Ising Models for Solving the N‐Queens Puzzle Based on the Domain‐Wall Vectors
Authors: Tsukiyama Shunsuke , Nakano Koji , Ito Yasuaki , Kato Takumi , Kawamata Yuya
Published: January 2025

An Ising model is a mathematical model defined by an objective function comprising a quadratic formula of multiple spin variables, each taking values of either or . The task of determining a spin value assignment to these variables that minimizes the resulting value of an Ising model is a challenging optimization problem. Recently, quantum annealers, consisting of qubit cells interconnected according to principles of quantum mechanics, have emerged as a solution for tackling such problems. Ising models characterized by fewer quadratic terms are preferable as they reduce the resource requirements of quantum annealers. Additionally, it is advantageous for the absolute values of coefficients associated with linear and quadratic terms to be small to facilitate the discovery of good solutions, given the inherent limitations in the resolution of quantum annealers. The primary contribution of this article lies in presenting Ising models tailored for solving the ‐Queens puzzle. The conventional Ising model for this puzzle involves quadratic terms, with the maximum absolute value of coefficients being . Our novel Ising model significantly reduces the number of quadratic terms to only , with a maximum absolute coefficient of 6. Furthermore, we provide embedding results for a quantum annealer D‐Wave Advantage utilizing a Pegasus graph . We succeeded in embedding our novel Ising model for up to the 21‐Queens puzzle, while the conventional Ising model can be embedded only for up to the 14‐Queens puzzle.
Kinetic Separation of Butane Isomers Using a Formate Metal‐Organic Framework
Authors: Liu Yi‐Peng , Li Jing‐Hong , Chen Zi‐Nan , Xue Wei , Zhou Hao‐Long , Lin Rui‐Biao , Chen Xiao‐Ming
Published: January 2025

n‐butane (n‐C4H10) and isobutane (i‐C4H10) are important raw materials in chemical industry. The separation of the two hydrocarbon isomers via distillation is challenging and energy‐consuming. Herein we report the adsorption behavior of a microporous cobalt formate framework [Co3(HCOO)6] for potential kinetic separation of butane isomers. Under ambient condition, [Co3(HCOO)6] shows near adsorption capacity for n‐C4H10 (1.77 mmol g−1) and i‐C4H10 (1.36 mmol g−1) with different adsorption kinetics. Study on the adsorption kinetics for butane indicates that the smaller isomer is adsorbed at a higher diffusion rate, resulting in a high kinetic selectivity of 193 for n‐C4H10/i‐C4H10 separation. Analyses of adsorption kinetics and breakthrough experiment have validated the separation potential of [Co3(HCOO)6] for butane purification.
Micelle Assisted Multi‐Step Energy Relay in a Blend of Fluorophores as a Potential Light Harvesting System
Authors: Ahanger Firdaus Ahmad , Manhas Ayaz Ahmad , Tak Umar Nabi , Gousia  , Sidiq Saima , Rashid Showkat , Lone Mohd Sajid , Dar Aijaz Ahmad
Published: January 2025

We report a pH‐responsive system comprising three pH responsive fluorophores, 7‐Hydroxy coumarin (7HC), Fluorescein (Flu), and Rhodamine B (RhB) wherein an efficient two‐step Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) process is facilitated. Upon excitation of 7HC, energy is sequentially transferred from 7HC (primary donor) to Flu (primary acceptor) and then to RhB (secondary acceptor). The FRET processes were studied at pH 7 and 12 in the presence of surfactants: cationic Tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB), anionic Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), and neutral polyoxyethylene[4] lauryl ether (Brij 30). Differences in FRET efficiencies across surfactant media were interpreted by analyzing the solubilization sites of the fluorophores using UV‐Visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. The pH‐dependence of the FRET acted as an ON‐OFF switch, showing higher efficiency in alkaline media. Among the surfactant systems, the two‐step FRET operated most efficiently in alkaline TTAB micelles, with efficiencies reaching up to 50 % for 7HC to Flu (FRET‐1), 30 % for Flu to RhB (FRET‐2), and 23 % for the overall transfer. At a donor‐to‐acceptor ratio of 1000/80/80, energy transfer efficiencies touched 74 % for FRET‐1 and 84 % for FRET‐2. This highlights TTAB micelles as promising scaffolds for efficient multi‐step FRET‐based artificial light‐harvesting systems.
A Deep Q‐Learning Approach for an Efficient Resource Management in Vehicle‐to‐Everything Slicing Environment
Authors: Nawfel Saidi Anas , Lehsaini Mohamed
Published: January 2025

In the context of 5G vehicle‐to‐everything (V2X) communications, network slicing has been presented as a prominent solution to enable the coexistence of different V2X use cases within the same infrastructure. Among the main challenges in V2X network slicing is proposing an appropriate resource management approach that allows resources to be used efficiently while protecting the isolation between slices. One of the benchmarking resource management approaches is the static allocation that provides a full isolation between the slices. This static allocation has serious limitations when dealing with dynamic scenarios, particularly when some slices are overloaded. This paper proposes a deep Q‐learning approach to readjust static resource allocation by enabling an opportunistic sharing mechanism in case there is an overloaded slice in the system. More specifically, the main idea of our proposal is to extract an appropriate amount of resources from each available slice within the same infrastructure when receiving rejected connection requests from overloaded slices, while taking into account the isolation aspect of the slicing environment. Simulation results showed better performance in terms of maximizing the use of resources, reducing the probability of new calls being blocked and the probability of handover dropping in the system, while maintaining high isolation compared with other solutions.
Exploring the Predictive Role of 11‐Oxyandrogens in Diagnosing Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Mody Armaiti Parvez , Lodish Maya Beth , Auchus Richard Joseph , Turcu Adina F. , Jiang Fei , Huddleston Heather Gibson
Published: January 2025

Context

Hyperandrogenism is a hallmark of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), yet the androgen(s) responsible remain ambiguous. Recent studies have suggested that 11‐oxygenated C19 steroids (11‐oxyandrogens), specifically 11‐ketotestosterone, may be a good marker for hyperandrogenism in PCOS.

Objective

To investigate the utility of 11‐oxyandrogens to differentiate women with and without PCOS relative to classical androgens.

Design Setting

Case–control study performed at a PCOS clinic and research center in an academic setting.

Patients

114 women with PCOS and 78 healthy controls.

Interventions

Using the PCOS Tissue Bank, serum samples and data from 114 women registered from 2013 to 2017 between the ages of 18–40 years, were obtained and classified using Rotterdam PCOS criteria. Data were compared to 78 healthy women of similar age, with serum samples obtained between 2017 and 2020. 11‐oxyandrogens and sex steroids were measured using mass spectrometry, and their associations to Rotterdam PCOS, age, and BMI were assessed.

Main Outcome Measures

11‐oxyandrogens and sex steroids.

Results

Total testosterone, androstenedione, and four 11‐oxyandrogens were significantly elevated in women with PCOS compared to age matched controls, controlling for age and BMI (p < 0.01 for all). When considered together, the four 11‐oxyandrogens were more predictive of PCOS compared to testosterone and androstenedione. When all androgens were considered individually, 11‐ketoandrostenedione was the most predictive of PCOS. Of the six androgens studied, 11‐ketotestosterone was the only androgen that demonstrated a weak association with hirsutism score (r = 0.17; p = 0.07) within the PCOS group.

Conclusion

11‐oxyandrogens were statistically higher in women with PCOS and may serve as better predictors of PCOS than testosterone and androstenedione.
Mental fatigue increases perception of effort but does not compromise the inhibitory control of football referees during a match simulation physical task
Authors: Lopes de Lima Cássio Zacarias , de Sousa Fortes Leonardo , Pires Daniel Alvarez , Souza Machado Hugo Enrico , Socorro Dantas Oliveira Andreza Do , Coswig Victor Silveira , Penna Eduardo Macedo
Published: January 2025

Executive functioning (EF) in referees is associated with their decision‐making during a match and can be affected by mental fatigue (MF), a psychobiological state induced by prolonged periods of cognitive activity or high cognitive demand within a short timeframe. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of MF on EF and the perception of effort during a physical task for football referees. Twelve male professional football referees were recruited (32 ± 7.3 years; 1.75 ± 0.06 cm; 85 ± 13.32 kg; 41.4 ± 5.92 mL kg−1 min−1 VO2max), visiting the laboratory on three occasions: one for characterization and familiarization and two experimental manipulations: high cognitive load (MF) and low cognitive load. After manipulations, they performed a physical task designed to replicate the physical demands of an official match. During the physical task, executive functioning was tested with a reaction time task and the ratings of perceived effort were assessed using subjective scales. The results revealed no effect of MF on response time performance (p = 0.395). However, higher perceptions of effort were observed in the high cognitive load condition (p = 0.018), which may impact physical performance. Despite the alteration in the perception of effort due to mental fatigue, executive function performance of football referees remained unimpaired.
Simultaneous Energy, Fresh Water, and Biogas Production Process Utilizing Solar Thermal and Sewage Sludge
Authors: Imandoust Milad , Alghorayshi Seyed Taher Kermani , Abbasi Solmaz , Seifollahi Mehran , Zahedi Rahim
Published: January 2025

Minimizing the detrimental effects of global warming and pollution from fossil fuel consumption is essential to meet the growing demand for energy and fresh water, making it imperative to adopt renewable energy alternatives. The integration of solar energy and biomass in hybrid renewable energy systems will grow in importance. The proposed study introduces a new design that facilitates the simultaneous production of power, biogas, and fresh water in a continuous process. The present research aims to tackle the challenge of utilizing multiple renewable energy sources, such as solar and biomass, to generate power, fuel, and fresh water. To achieve this, a 4‐stage multi‐effect desalination system will be employed for desalinating seawater. This paper discusses combining hybrid solar and biomass feedstocks to address the challenge of maintaining consistent energy production in renewable solar power plants at night, when there is no sunlight. The challenge at hand involves assessing various factors using ASPEN Plus software, such as solar heat transfer fluid (SHTF), sewage sludge flowrates, biogas production, output waste stream of gasification reactor, power generation, and freshwater production. Additionally, the payback period for this project is approximately 4.8 years, with a net present value (NPV) of around 560 million dollars. By performing a sensitivity analysis, the viability of the designed process and the quality of the resulting products were effectively demonstrated. From the gasification process, an impressive 76.8586 tons per hour of syngas, composed of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, was generated. Additionally, the power output of the system reached 34.547 MW, while simultaneously producing approximately 783 m3/h of fresh water. Due to efficient energy recovery throughout the entire process, only 25 MW of solar power was required. Despite efforts, fresh water production was only operating at a 50% productivity level. To supply the required solar energy during daylight hours, a total of 38,908 square meters of Parabolic trough collector (PTC) was necessary. According to the environmental analysis, the primary concern is the detrimental effect of pollution on human health. Solar collectors and sea water desalination units account for over 95% of the pollution. The revelation showed that combining solar and biomass energy resources could provide a sustainable solution to meet the rising demand for fresh water, electricity, and fuel.
Comparing Ultraviolet and Photocatalytic Disinfection Techniques and Their Synergistic Effects on Pesticide Presence and Quality Parameters in Grapes
Authors: Sindhu Susmitha , Lakshmipathy Kavitha , R Lithiyal , R Sushmithashri , K Manoj Aswin , C K Sunil , D Chidanand
Published: January 2025

The efficacy of ultraviolet (UV) and photocatalytic disinfection techniques, individually and synergistically, in degrading pesticide residues and maintaining quality parameters in grapes were investigated. A bench‐scale photocatalytic reactor equipped with UV lamps and photocatalysts (TiO₂ and ZnO) was used for the treatments. LC‐MS/MS was employed to check the presence and absence of pesticide residues after UV and photocatalyst treatments. UV‐C treatment alone showed an absence of chlorpyrifos and cyprodinil pesticides, whereas UV‐C with TiO₂ or ZnO led to near‐complete degradation of all pesticides found in grapes. Quality assessments showed a reduction in total phenolic content (TPC) from 269.4 ± 36.2 to 239.7 ± 30.2 mg GAE/100 g with UV‐C alone, whereas addition of TiO₂ improved TPC to 273.2 ± 18.3 mg GAE/100 g. Total flavonoid content (TFC) decreased significantly to 17.04 mg QE/100 g with UV‐C, but less so with UV‐B and UV‐A. Ascorbic acid content dropped from 34.91 to 15.75 mg/L with UV‐C, but UV‐B and UV‐A retained more ascorbic acid. Microbial analysis showed a reduction in total plate count from 6.30 ± 0.04 to 3.19 ± 0.10 log CFU/g with UV‐C. Overall, the combined treatments of photocatalysts assisted with UV demonstrated an environmentally friendly method for enhancing grape safety and quality, presenting a viable alternative for postharvest disinfection.
Developmental Trajectories and Differences in Functional Brain Network Properties of Preterm and At‐Term Neonates
Authors: López‐Guerrero N. , Alcauter Sarael
Published: January 2025

Premature infants, born before 37 weeks of gestation can have alterations in neurodevelopment and cognition, even when no anatomical lesions are evident. Resting‐state functional neuroimaging of naturally sleeping babies has shown altered connectivity patterns, but there is limited evidence on the developmental trajectories of functional organization in preterm neonates. By using a large dataset from the developing Human Connectome Project, we explored the differences in graph theory properties between at‐term (n = 332) and preterm (n = 115) neonates at term‐equivalent age, considering the age subgroups proposed by the World Health Organization for premature birth. Leveraging the longitudinal follow‐up for some preterm participants, we characterized the developmental trajectories for preterm and at‐term neonates, for this purpose linear, quadratic, and log‐linear mixed models were constructed with gestational age at scan as an independent fixed‐effect variable and random effects were added for the intercept and subject ID. Significance was defined at p < 0.05, and the model with the lowest Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was selected as the best model. We found significant differences between groups in connectivity strength, clustering coefficient, characteristic path length and global efficiency. Specifically, at term‐equivalent ages, higher connectivity, clustering coefficient and efficiency are identified for neonates born at later postmenstrual ages. Similarly, the characteristic path length showed the inverse pattern. These results were consistent for a variety of connectivity thresholds at both the global (whole brain) and local level (brain regions). The brain regions with the greatest differences between groups include primary sensory and motor regions and the precuneus which may relate to the risk factors for sensorimotor and behavioral deficits associated with premature birth. Our results also show non‐linear developmental trajectories for premature neonates, but decreased integration and segregation even at term‐equivalent age. Overall, our results confirm altered functional connectivity, integration and segregation properties of the premature brain despite showing rapid maturation after birth.
Disease characteristics and outcomes of acute myeloid leukemia in germline RUNX1 deficiency (Familial Platelet Disorder with associated Myeloid Malignancy)
Authors: Ernst Martijn P. T. , Versluis Jurjen , Valk Peter J. M. , Bierings Marc , Tamminga Rienk Y. J. , Hooimeijer Louise H. , Döhner Konstanze , Gresele Paolo , Tawana Kiran , Langemeijer Saskia M. C. , Van der Reijden Bert A. , Podgornik Helena , Sever Matjaz , Tvedt Tor H. A. , Vulliamy Tom , Fitzgibbon Jude , Dokal Inderjeet , Baliakas Panagiotis , Bastida José M. , Pohlkamp Christian , Haferlach Torsten , Larcher Lise , Soulier Jean , Schutgens Roger E. G. , Freson Kathleen , Duployez Nicolas , Löwenberg Bob , Ericson Katrin , Cammenga Jörg , Ripperger Tim , Raaijmakers Marc H. G. P.
Published: January 2025

Familial Platelet Disorder with associated Myeloid Malignancy (FPDMM, FPD/AML, RUNX1‐FPD), caused by monoallelic deleterious germline RUNX1 variants, is characterized by bleeding diathesis and predisposition for hematologic malignancies, particularly myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Clinical data on FPDMM‐associated AML (FPDMM‐AML) are limited, complicating evidence‐based clinical decision‐making. Here, we present retrospective genetic and clinical data of the largest cohort of FPDMM patients reported to date. We describe 159 European patients (from 94 families) of whom 134 were evaluable for the development of malignant disease. Sixty developed a hematologic malignancy (44.8%), most frequently AML (36/134, 26.9%) or MDS (18/134, 13.4%). Somatic alterations of RUNX1 by gene mutation (48%) and chromosome 21 aberrations (14.3%) were the most common somatic genetic aberrations in FPDMM‐AML, followed by FLT3‐ITD mutations (24.1%). Somatic RUNX1 and FLT3‐ITD mutations were not detected in FPDMM‐associated MDS, suggesting important contributions to leukemic transformation. Remission‐induction chemotherapy resulted in complete remission in 80% of FPDMM‐AML patients with a 5‐year overall survival (OS) of 50.4%. Survival outcome was non‐inferior compared to a large cohort of newly diagnosed adult RUNX1‐mutated AML (5‐year OS 36.6%, p = 0.5), with relatively infrequent concurrent adverse risk somatic aberrations (ASXL1 mutation, monosomal karyotype, monosomy 5/del 5q) in FPDMM‐AML. Collectively, data support the notion that step‐wise leukemic evolution in FPDMM is associated with distinct genetic events and indicate that a substantial subset of FPDMM‐AML patients achieves prolonged survival with conventional AML treatment, including allogeneic stem cell transplant. These findings are anticipated to inform personalized clinical decision‐making in this rare disorder.
Risk Factors and Pharmacological Interventions Impacting Cerebrovascular Ischemic Events in Giant Cell Arteritis: A Narrative Review
Authors: Siddiqui Muhammad Osama , Syed Mohammad Ali , Qureshi Ayaan Ahmed , Imam Mustafa Hussain , Motwani Jatin , Kumari Verkha , Siddiqui Arooba , Ul Ain Noor , Jaber Mohammed Hammad
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a common vasculitis predominantly affecting larger vessels, especially in individuals aged 70–79. Cerebrovascular ischemic events (CIE), such as stroke and transient ischemic attacks, are serious but rare complications of GCA, with a pooled prevalence of 4%. Some studies found that within 2 weeks of GCA diagnosis, 74% and 34% of patients experience transient or severe ischemic events, respectively.

Aims

Our study aims to help physicians better manage GCA patients to reduce GCA‐related CIE by indicating important risk factors and pharmacological intervention to prevent GCA‐related CIE, particularly in the first few days of diagnosis when the risk of CIE is highest.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and other relevant medical databases. As this study was a narrative review, the literature search was done in a nonsystematic manner. Studies published from 2000 to 2024 were reviewed in a nonsystematic manner for information on incidence, pathology, risk factors, pharmacological intervention, and management of GCA‐related CIE.

Results

Findings indicate that age, male gender, hypertension, and smoking significantly increase the risk of GCA‐related CIE, while factors such as anemia, higher body mass index (BMI), and elevated inflammatory markers (C‐reactive protein [CRP] and erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]) appear to have protective effects. Symptoms of ischemia in the ophthalmic artery were identified as the strongest predictors of CIE. Pharmacological treatments, including glucocorticoids and tocilizumab, are instrumental in managing and potentially preventing CIE in GCA patients, with adjunctive therapies such as aspirin and antiplatelet agents also showing promise.

Conclusion

GCA‐related CIE such as stroke can be very debilitating and deadly conditions, particularly when GCA is initially diagnosed. However, with early diagnosis and proper management of risk factors, GCA‐related CIE can be prevented and its severity can be reduced. Ischemia in the ophthalmic artery is found to strongly predict GCA‐related CIE while aspirin and antiplatelet agent during the first 3 months may prevent GCA‐related CIE. Risk factors such as BMI and smoking may help in stratifying the risk of GCA‐related CIE. This review underscores the importance of further studies with detailed, well‐designed approaches to risk factor analysis to strengthen these associations. Identifying these risk factors is crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality, equipping physicians to better assess and mitigate the risk of CIE in GCA patients.
Presenilins as hub proteins controlling the endocytic and autophagic pathways and small extracellular vesicle secretion
Authors: Lauritzen Inger , Bini Anaïs , Bécot Anaïs , Gay Anne‐Sophie , Badot Céline , Pagnotta Sophie , Chami Mounia , Checler Frédéric
Published: January 2025

Emerging evidence indicates that autophagy is tightly connected to the endocytic pathway. Here, we questioned the role of presenilins (PSENs 1 and 2), previously shown to be involved in autophagy regulation, in the secretion of small endocytic‐originating extracellular vesicles known as exosomes. Indeed, while wild‐type cells responded to stimuli promoting both multivesicular endosome (MVE) formation and secretion of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) enriched in canonical exosomal proteins, PSEN‐deficient cells were almost unaffected to these stimuli. Moreover, in PSEN‐deficient cells, the re‐expression of either PSEN1 or the functional active PSEN1delta9 mutant led to a rescue of most sEV secretion, while the deletion of PSEN1 alone almost fully phenocopied total PSEN invalidation. We found that the lack of sEV secretion in PSEN‐deficient cells was also due to overactivated autophagy promoting MVEs to degradation rather than to plasma membrane fusion. Hence, in these cells, the autophagic blocker bafilomycin A1 (BafA1) not only increased the intracellular levels of the MVE protein CD63, but also turned on sEV secretion by stimulating autophagy‐dependent unconventional secretion. In that case, sEVs arised from amphisomes and were enriched in both canonical exosomal proteins and lysosomal‐autophagy‐associated cargo. Altogether, we here demonstrate that PSENs, and particularly PSEN1, act as hub proteins controlling the balance between endosomal/autophagic degradation and secretion. More generally, our findings strengthen the view of a strong interconnection between the endocytic and autophagic pathways and their complementary roles in sEV secretion.
Genetic medicine of familial and hereditary pancreatic cancer: Recent update in the era of precision cancer medicine
Authors: Matsubayashi Hiroyuki , Kiyozumi Yoshimi , Ono Hiroyuki
Published: January 2025

In Japan, 5 years have passed since the initiation of precision cancer medicine, and recent data accumulation in familial pancreatic cancer (FPC) and hereditary pancreatic cancer is outstanding. Multigene germline panel tests (MGPTs) have revealed that 7%–18% of patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) harbor pathogenic germline variants (PGVs), almost equal to the levels of breast, ovarian, endometrial, and colorectal cancers, with a higher incidence in FPC (14%–26%). The majority of PGVs seen in PC patients are clinically actionable and associated with homologous recombination (HR) pathways (6%–10%, particularly BRCA1/2 in 5%–6%), and the clinical guidelines recommend or propose genetic testing for all PC patients. Consensus guidelines have been established for most of the hereditary syndromes associated with PC risks, and surveillances of the pancreas and other at‐risk organs are recommended for PGV carriers. Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) is the commonest hereditary cancer syndrome that has moderately increasing life‐time risks of PC (3%–7% in Western countries); however, recent Japanese research demonstrated a higher risk level (BRCA1: 16%, BRCA2: 14%). Moreover, recent evidence has suggested a risk linkage between PC and ovarian cancer in HBOC pedigrees. High scores of homologous recombination deficiency suggest biallelic dysfunction of BRCA or other HR‐related genes, and the likely effectiveness of platinum agents and PARP inhibitors against PCs. Remote counseling and testing are possible option in the future genetic medicine. As PC ranks in the second commonest target of precision cancer medicine in Japan, we must treat the patients and manage their at‐risk relatives efficiently.
“Privacy Is a Privilege”: A Thematic Analysis of the Concerns and Advice of Canadians Crowdfunding for Basic Living Needs
Authors: Grewal Ashmita , Snyder Jeremy , Crooks Valorie
Published: January 2025

Crowdfunding campaigners can struggle with protecting their personal information while providing a compelling case for why their campaign is worthy of support. Little research has examined donation‐based crowdfunding campaigners' experience of protecting their sensitive health‐related information while trying to meet their fundraising goals. Our research uses semi‐structured interviews to explore the concerns of donation‐based crowdfunding campaigners who are raising funding for health and/or housing‐related reasons, which can be considered basic‐living needs. Participants were primarily recruited through two methods: identifying potential participants through a database of scraped crowdfunding campaigns and posting calls for participants on Twitter, Craigslist, and Reddit. We interviewed 24 participants from Canada. All participants were above the age of 19 and crowdfunded for their own health and/or housing‐related needs. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify broad domains that encapsulate participants' privacy concerns and the advice they have for others related to privacy protection. Participants identified three areas of privacy‐related concerns arising from their experience of creating a crowdfunding campaign for themselves: (1) the public nature of crowdfunding campaigns and related harms; (2) being messaged or intrusively probed by potential donors; and (3) the information collection and sharing by platforms. Based on their experiences of crowdfunding, participants recommended people considering starting a crowdfunding campaign to be both cautious and specific; be informed; and consider the uncertainties related to the practice of crowdfunding. Our analysis indicates campaigners are often unaware of the significant pressures they will face to give up their privacy in exchange for financial support. Participants' privacy‐related concerns are complex and intertwined. Better intervention from crowdfunding platforms and government policymakers can help better inform and protect these campaigners.
The Study of the Skeletal Remains of the 16th Century Italian Commander Alessandro Farnese and His Wife, Maria D'Aviz
Authors: Donato Laura , Cucurachi Nicola , Ubelaker Douglas H. , Armocida Emanuele , Camatti Jessika , Treglia Michele , Marsella Luigi Tonino , Cecchi Rossana
Published: January 2025

Entheseal changes are indicators of persistent and long‐term changes induced by occupational activity and refer to marks on the skeleton where a muscle, tendon, or ligament inserts into the periosteum. Their study makes it possible to deduce further information about the person to whom the human bone remains belong. The authors present here the analysis of these markers on the bone remains of two Italian historical figures who lived in the 16th century. In 2021, the exhumation of the remains of Alessandro Farnese and Maria D'Aviz was authorized for study purposes and the skeletal remains were examined. The data collected from the examination of the mortal remains of Alessandro Farnese are compatible with historical data about his biography. As a skilled leader and assiduous sportsman, he showed signs of entheseal changes in his bone tissue attributable to physical activities. On the other hand, the case of Maria D'Aviz differs significantly from that of Alessandro Farnese in that her bone segments show no signs of entheseal changes. The analysis carried out on the remains results to be very useful in verifying the comparison with the elements present in their biography. The possibility of confirming the connection between entheseal changes and lifestyle habits is fundamental to increasing credibility in the application of these elements in the process of identifying nameless bodies in the forensic context.
Enhancing AI Chatbot Responses in Health Care: The SMART Prompt Structure in Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: Vaira Luigi Angelo , Lechien Jerome R. , Abbate Vincenzo , Gabriele Guido , Frosolini Andrea , De Vito Andrea , Maniaci Antonino , Mayo‐Yáñez Miguel , Boscolo‐Rizzo Paolo , Saibene Alberto Maria , Maglitto Fabio , Salzano Giovanni , Califano Gianluigi , Troise Stefania , Chiesa‐Estomba Carlos Miguel , De Riu Giacomo
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the impact of prompt construction on the quality of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot responses in the context of head and neck surgery.

Study Design

Observational and evaluative study.

Setting

An international collaboration involving 16 researchers from 11 European centers specializing in head and neck surgery.

Methods

A total of 24 questions, divided into clinical scenarios, theoretical questions, and patient inquiries, were developed. These questions were entered into ChatGPT‐4o both with and without the use of a structured prompt format, known as SMART (Seeker, Mission, AI Role, Register, Targeted Question). The AI‐generated responses were evaluated by experienced head and neck surgeons using the Quality Analysis of Medical Artificial Intelligence instrument (QAMAI), which assesses accuracy, clarity, relevance, completeness, source quality, and usefulness.

Results

The responses generated using the SMART prompt scored significantly higher across all QAMAI dimensions compared to those without contextualized prompts. Median QAMAI scores for SMART prompts were 27.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 25‐29) versus 24 (IQR 21.8‐25) for unstructured prompts (P < .001). Clinical scenarios and patient inquiries showed the most significant improvements, while theoretical questions also benefited, but to a lesser extent. The AI's source quality improved notably with the SMART prompt, particularly in theoretical questions.

Conclusion

This study suggests that the structured SMART prompt format significantly enhances the quality of AI chatbot responses in head and neck surgery. This approach improves the accuracy, relevance, and completeness of AI‐generated information, underscoring the importance of well‐constructed prompts in clinical applications. Further research is warranted to explore the applicability of SMART prompts across different medical specialties and AI platforms.
Regulatory role of DBC1 in inflammation and autoimmune diseases
Authors: Wu Jinzhi , Yang Fan , Xu Guanhua , Ma Xinlei , Lin Jin , Chen Weiqian
Published: January 2025

Deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1) is a nuclear protein that plays an important role in apoptosis, DNA repair, and epigenetic modifications. Extensive studies have highlighted the importance of DBC1 in tumorigenesis. Surprisingly, it was recently found that DBC1 works as an immune regulator in the immune system and in autoimmune diseases. This study systematically reviewed how DBC1 exerts its function and assumed a possible role of DBC1 in autoimmunity. The search strategy included the following terms: (1) (DBC1) OR (CCAR2) and (2) ((DBC1) OR (CCAR2)) AND ((immunity) OR (autoimmune diseases)). The above terms were entered into PUBMED, covering the period from 2002 to 2024, and articles investigating or involving functional studies of DBC1 were evaluated. Subsequently, a systematic review was conducted to investigate the potential role of DBC1 in autoimmunity. Our findings indicate that DBC1 exhibits dual pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory functions, primarily achieved through the direct or indirect modulation of key immunoinflammatory proteins, including silent information regulation 2 homolog‐1, histone deacetylase 3, SUVH9, and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT). DBC1 influences cytokine production and immune cell activity. However, most of these studies were based on oncological diseases, and direct exploration of the role of DBC1 in autoimmune diseases remains limited. Further research is necessary to fully understand the precise immunomodulatory function of DBC1 in autoimmune diseases, as well as its underlying mechanism and physiological effects. In conclusion, DBC1 regulates apoptosis, autophagy, aging, and epigenetic modifications, can potentially be an upstream molecule of the Janus kinase/STAT signaling pathway, and is worthy of further comprehensive and in‐depth evaluation.
Effect of Laminectomy Methods on the Surgical Safety of Automatic Laminectomy Robot
Authors: Li Ya , Lu Da , Wu Xueqing , Lu Jiahao , Xu Yangyang , Zhang Shijia , Zhang Le , Pei Baoqing
Published: January 2025

Background

The efficacy of laminectomy procedures is contingent on the method of resection. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of different methods of resection on the surgical safety of automated laminectomy robots, an area that remains uncharted.

Methods

Lamina resection surgeries using both drilling and layer‐by‐layer methods, are performed on ovine spinal samples. An analysis of the force and lateral deviation at the end of the robotic arm is conducted.

Results

For the drilling and layer‐by‐layer lamina resection methods, the average peak force for the drilling method is 1.21 N, and deviations are within 1 mm. For the layer‐by‐layer resection method, the peak force reaches 2.39 N, and deviations are within 1.6 mm.

Conclusion

During the drilling resection, the ultrasonic osteotome experiences less force and minimal lateral deviation. This method demonstrates higher precision and safety in laminar resection surgeries. The drilling method should be the primary choice for robot manufacturers.
Retrieval of soil moisture using a decomposition‐based model and optical‐thermal model with Sentinel‐1 and Landsat‐8 images
Authors: Moghaddas Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Water content of the soil has a significant role to play in the hydrological cycle and environmental processes. This study includes two phases: (1) approximation of soil moisture at the farm level based on optical‐thermal images of Landsat‐8 satellite and (2) retrieval of soil moisture by the dual‐polarized basis decomposition model with the help of approximate soil moisture that is obtained by the optical‐thermal model. In this research, two mechanisms, volume scattering and surface scattering, are considered. Furthermore, in order to model surface scattering, Bragg matrix has been used. The proposed radar model estimates soil moisture without using ground data, although few ground measurements have been used in the optical‐thermal model. The Carlson triangular model has been used to approximate soil moisture using optical‐thermal images. Three indices, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference moisture index (NDMI), and moisture stress index (MSI), have been used in the optical‐thermal model. Two ground soil moisture datasets are used in this study: (1) Cook Agronomy Farm (CAF) soil moisture data located in the United States and (2) real‐time in situ soil monitoring for agriculture (RISMA) soil moisture data located in Canada. The radar model (base decomposition model) achieved a lowest root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.33% and a highest of 11.21%, showing strong accuracy in soil moisture retrieval. The optical‐thermal model had a slightly higher minimum RMSE of 4.04% and a maximum of 9.68%. These results suggest that the radar model generally outperforms the optical‐thermal model, making it more reliable for accurate soil moisture estimation in agricultural applications, which is crucial for optimizing irrigation and managing resources.