bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La política educativa de la democracia en España (1978-2019): Escolarización, conflicto Iglesia-Estado y calidad de la educación
Authors: Merchán Iglesias F. Javier
Published: May 2021

Se estudia en este artículo la trayectoria de la política educativa en España desde los primeros pasos de la restauración de la democracia hasta nuestros días. Partiendo de la situación heredada del régimen franquista,  se desarrolla la tesis de que esa política ha girado en torno a  tres  grandes asuntos. Por una parte, la escolarización, por otra, el conflicto entre el Estado y la Iglesia por el control del sistema educativo y, en fin, la cuestión de la denominada calidad de la educación. Tras examinar el proceso que conduce a la plena escolarización hasta los dieciséis años, se analizan las circunstancias en las que se desarrolla la pugna entre la enseñanza pública y la privada,  las posiciones que al respecto  mantuvieron los  principales grupos políticos y sociales, así como el pacto implícito que provisionalmente resolvió la confrontación y configura la actual estructura de la educación en España. En cuanto a la mejora de la calidad, se analizan las dos grandes estrategias desarrolladas en estos años, la que llamamos reforma pedagógica – vinculada al modelo de la escuela comprensiva – y la que identificamos como gestión empresarial de la escuela, relacionada con la hegemonía del pensamiento conservador y la mundialización de la política educativa.
Examining the Smoking Levels of Junior High School Students in Semarang City, Indonesia
Authors: Husodo Besar Tirto , Handayani Novia , Cahyo Kusyogo , Nandini Nurhasmadiar
Published: May 2021

Background: The prevalence of active smokers in Indonesia remains high. Global Adults Tobacco Survey (GATS) on 2011 stated that Indonesia has the highest number of active smokers (67% male and 2.7% female). National Health Indicator Survey 2016 showed the number of male adolescent who smoke was 54.8%. The aim of this study was to examine the smoking levels of junior high school students in Semarang City in order to arrange improvement in behavioral changes through identifying the patterns of adolescent’s smoking behavior.Methods: This study used cross sectional study design. Samples were selected with simple random sampling technique, and 160 smokers who were junior high school students were obtained from 16 sub-districts in Semarang City. Data was analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis.Results: The result showed that the majority of the respondents were light smokers (90.0%) who smoke <5 cigarettes/day. The chi square test showed that pocket money to buy cigarettes (p=0.011) and the social interaction pattern (p=0.026) have correlation to students’ smoking levels.Conclusion: Most students start to smoke at the age of less than 12 years old with light smoking degree. It is correlated with the pocket money to buy cigarettes and the social interaction pattern.
Employability: Smart learning in extracurricular activities for developing college graduates' competencies
Authors: Hui Yan Keung , Kwok Lam For , Ip Horace Ho Shing
Published: May 2021

Nowadays, employers expect college graduates (or simply “graduates”) to be for ready in taking up challenges when they enter into their careers. Most competencies that employers are looking for cannot be learned but can be developed by participating in extracurricular activities. However, planning on participation in extracurricular activities is difficult, given the lack of measurement standards together with their unstructured and non-systematic nature. To provide a smarter way for activity organisers, advisers and students to plan for extracurricular activities, our university has launched the central repository on student development activities system and codified the information about participation in extracurricular activities in a quantified and systematic way. This paper has collected data from three consecutive years from the system, the employers' feedback data and the academic performance data of placement students in the Department of Computer Science. Participation level, with logarithm transformation, had a positive and significant relationship with academic performance. Moreover, the competency developed by most students had a positive relationship with job performance in the placement year of 2019/2020. In this article, we discuss contributions, limitations and future directions.
Sentiment evolution with interaction levels in blended learning environments: Using learning analytics and epistemic network analysis
Authors: Huang Changqin , Han Zhongmei , Li Ming , Wang Xizhe , Zhao Wenzhu
Published: May 2021

Sentiment evolution is a key component of interactions in blended learning. Although interactions have attracted considerable attention in online learning contexts, there is scant research on examining sentiment evolution over different interactions in blended learning environments. Thus, in this study, sentiment evolution at different interaction levels was investigated from the longitudinal data of five learning stages of 38 postgraduate students in a blended learning course. Specifically, text mining techniques were employed to mine the sentiments in different interactions, and then epistemic network analysis (ENA) was used to uncover sentiment changes in the five learning stages of blended learning. The findings suggested that negative sentiments were moderately associated with several other sentiments such as joking, confused, and neutral sentiments in blended learning contexts. Particularly in relation to deep interactions, student sentiments might change from negative to insightful ones. In contrast, the sentiment network built from social-emotion interactions shows stronger connections in joking-positive and joking-negative sentiments than the other two interaction levels. Most notably, the changes of co-occurrence sentiment reveal the three periods in a blended learning process, namely initial, collision and sublimation, and stable periods. The results in this study revealed that students’ sentiments evolved from positive to confused/negative to insightful.
Méthodes simples de modélisation mathématique pour évaluer le risque de transmission du SRAS-CoV-2 pendant les rassemblements
Authors: Champredon David , Fazil Aamir , Ogden Nicholas H
Published: May 2021

Contexte : Les rassemblements peuvent contribuer de manière significative à la propagation du coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère 2 (SRAS-CoV-2). C’est pourquoi les interventions de santé publique ont cherché à limiter les rassemblements non répétés ou récurrents pour enrayer la pandémie de maladie à coronavirus 2019 (COVID 19). Malheureusement, l’éventail des différents types de rassemblements ne permet pas de donner des directives précises pour fixer des paramètres limitatifs (e.g. la taille totale du rassemblement, le nombre de cohortes, le degré de distanciation physique). Méthodes : Nous avons utilisé un cadre de modélisation générique basé sur les principes fondamentaux de probabilité pour dériver des formules simples permettant d’évaluer les risques d’introduction et de transmission liés aux rassemblements ainsi que l’efficacité potentielle de certaines stratégies de dépistage pour atténuer ces risques. Résultats : Le risque d’introduction peut être évalué de manière générale en fonction de la prévalence de la population et de la taille du rassemblement, tandis que le risque de transmission au cours d’un rassemblement dépend principalement de la taille du rassemblement. Pour les rassemblements récurrents, la structure de la cohorte n’a pas d’effet significatif sur la transmission entre cohortes. Les stratégies de test peuvent atténuer les risques, mais la fréquence et la performance des tests permettent d’établir un équilibre entre la détection et les faux positifs. Conclusion : La généralité du cadre de modélisation utilisé ici permet de démêler les différents facteurs des risques de transmission au cours des rassemblements. Ce cadre pourra éclairer la prise de décisions en matière de santé publique.
Réponse immunitaire sérique chez les patients rétablis de la COVID-19 dont le résultat à un test subséquent est positif
Authors: Atchessi Nicole , Striha Megan , Edjoc Rojiemiahd , Abalos Christine , Lien Amanda , Waddell Lisa , Gabrani-Juma Imran , Thompson Emily , Dawson Thomas
Published: May 2021

Contexte : Des études comparant la réponse immunitaire de patients rétablis de la maladie à coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) dont le résultat à un test subséquent a été positif (TP) en utilisant la réaction en chaîne par polymérase après transcription inverse (RT-PCR) et celle de patients qui ont obtenu un résultat négatif (TN) à un test subséquent ont été utilisées pour étudier une relation possible entre la réponse immunitaire et le statut du nouveau test. Méthodes : Sept bases de données ont été consultées. Les critères de recherche comprenaient les études de cohorte et les études cas-témoins réalisées dans le monde entier et publiées avant le 9 septembre 2020. Ces études comparaient les taux sériques d’anticorps des cas de patients atteints de COVID-19 hospitalisés dont le résultat à un test après leur sortie de l’hôpital a été positif (TP) à ceux dont le résultat au test a été négatif (TN). Résultats : Certaines données indiquent que les taux d’immunoglobuline G (IgG) et d’immunoglobuline M (IgM) étaient plus faibles chez les patients dont le résultat à un test subséquent était positif que chez les patients dont le résultat au nouveau test était négatif. L’hypothèse d’une clairance incomplète cadre avec ces résultats. La possibilité d’obtenir des faux négatifs à l’épreuve d’amplification en chaîne par RT-PCR pendant la clairance virale est également plausible, car la concentration d’acide ribonucléique (ARN) viral dans les écouvillons nasopharyngés et fécaux fluctue en dessous des limites de détection de la RT-PCR pendant la clairance virale. La probabilité d’une réinfection était moins susceptible d’être la cause d’un nouveau résultat positif en raison du faible risque d’exposition lorsque les patients observaient une quarantaine de 14 jours après leur sortie de l’hôpital. Conclusion : D’autres études sont nécessaires pour mieux expliquer la réponse immunitaire des cas de patients rétablis de la COVID-19 dont le résultat à un test est positif après leur sortie de l’hôpital.
Rapid disappearance of influenza following the implementation of COVID-19 mitigation measures in Hamilton, Ontario
Authors: Zhang Kevin , Misra Avika , Kim Patrick J , Moghadas Seyed M , Langley Joanne M , Smieja Marek
Published: May 2021

Background: Public health measures, such as physical distancing and closure of schools and non-essential services, were rapidly implemented in Canada to interrupt the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We sought to investigate the impact of mitigation measures during the spring wave of COVID-19 on the incidence of other laboratory-confirmed respiratory viruses in Hamilton, Ontario. Methods: All nasopharyngeal swab specimens (n=57,503) submitted for routine respiratory virus testing at a regional laboratory serving all acute-care hospitals in Hamilton between January 2010 and June 2020 were reviewed. Testing for influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza I–III, adenovirus, and rhinovirus/enterovirus was done routinely using a laboratory-developed polymerase chain reaction multiplex respiratory viral panel. A Bayesian linear regression model was used to determine the trend of positivity rates of all influenza samples for the first 26 weeks of each year from 2010 to 2019. The mean positivity rate of Bayesian inference was compared with the weekly reported positivity rate of influenza samples in 2020. Results: The positivity rate of influenza in 2020 diminished sharply following the population-wide implementation of COVID-19 interventions. Weeks 12–26 reported 0% positivity for influenza, with the exception of 0.1% reported in week 13. Conclusion: Public health measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with a reduced incidence of other respiratory viruses and should be considered to mitigate severe seasonal influenza and other respiratory virus pandemics.
Suboptimal prenatal screening of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in a Montréal birthing and tertiary care centre: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ivensky Victoria , Mandel Romain , Boulay Annie-Claude , Lavallée Christian , Benoît Janie , Labbé Annie-Claude
Published: May 2021

Background: The Canadian Paediatric Society no longer recommends the use of universal ocular prophylaxis with erythromycin ointment to prevent ophthalmia neonatorum. Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in all pregnant women is considered the most effective way of preventing vertical transmission and ophthalmia neonatorum. Objective: The aims of this study were to assess prenatal screening rates of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae and to compare sociodemographic factors between those screened and those not screened. Methods: The list of all women who delivered at a tertiary care hospital in Montréal, Québec, between April 2015 and March 2016, was cross-referenced with the list of samples tested for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae. Maternal medical records were reviewed for demographic, prenatal and diagnostic information. Results: Of 2,688 mothers, 2,245 women were screened at least once, but only 2,206 women had at least one valid C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae result the day of delivery (82.1%; 95% CI: 80.6%–83.5%). Infection was detected in 46/2,206 (2.1%) screened women: 42 had C. trachomatis infection, two had N. gonorrhoeae infection and two were co-infected. C. trachomatis infection was more frequent in women younger than 25 years (9.8%; 95% CI: 6.7%–13.8%) than in older women (0.8%; 95% CI: 0.4%–1.3%; p<0.001). Each increase in parity decreased the probability of being tested (adjusted odds ratio=0.89; 95% CI: 0.80%–0.97%; p=0.01). Of those with an initial negative test result, 35/267 (13.1%; 95% CI: 9.3%–17.8%) of women younger than 25 years and 122/1,863 (6.6%; 95% CI: 5.5%–7.8%; p<0.001) of women aged 25 years and older were retested. Subsequent infection was detected in 4/35 (11%) women, all younger than 25. Conclusion: Suboptimal screening rates for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae suggest that current universal ocular prophylaxis cannot be discontinued. Repeating universal screening should be considered, especially among those younger than 25 years.
COVID-19 outbreak in a personal service setting in Kingston, Ontario, 2020
Authors: Li Anthony , Parent Stéphanie , Kasmani Azim , Guan T Hugh , Moore Kieran
Published: May 2021

Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Ontario created a three-phase reopening framework for the economy. Outbreaks were expected at each phase. One week after Phase Two of reopening in the provincial public health administration region of Kingston, Frontenac, Lennox and Addington (KFL&A), a positive case was reported after three weeks of zero new COVID-19 cases. The objective of this report is to describe this COVID-19 outbreak, linked to a personal service setting (PSS), and the public health response to contain the outbreak. Methods: The outbreak investigation included all COVID-19 cases in KFL&A between June 20, 2020 and July 3, 2020. Public health inspectors and nurses were rapidly deployed to inspect the PSS. A multimodal approach to high-volume testing involved fixed assessment centres, drive-through testing capacity and targeted testing at the outbreak site. Testing was conducted through a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay at the local Public Health Ontario laboratory. Results: Thirty-seven cases were associated with the outbreak: 38% through direct PSS exposure; 32% through household contact; and 30% through social and workplace contact. A superspreading event contributed to 38% of total cases. The majority of cases were in the low to mid-quintiles when analyzed for material deprivation. Testing rates increased four-fold compared to the prior baseline weeks in response to media attention and public health messaging, resulting in a low percent positivity. Conclusion: The interplay of aggressive accessible testing, quick lab turnaround time, contact tracing within 24 hours of positive laboratory results as per provincial standards, frequent public communication, rapid inspections, mandatory self-isolation and face coverings were measures successful in halting the outbreak. Inspections or self-audits should be required at all PSSs prior to reopening and outbreak management must work with PSSs to reduce the possibility of superspreading events.
Éclosion de COVID-19 dans un établissement de services personnels à Kingston, Ontario en 2020
Authors: Li Anthony , Parent Stéphanie , Kasmani Azim , Guan T Hugh , Moore Kieran
Published: May 2021

Contexte : Pendant la pandémie de maladie à coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), l’Ontario a créé un plan de réouverture de l’économie en trois phases. Des éclosions étaient attendues à chaque phase. Une semaine après la phase deux de réouverture dans la région de l’administration provinciale de santé publique de de Kingston, Frontenac, Lennox et Addington, un cas positif a été signalé après trois semaines sans nouveau cas de COVID-19. L’objectif de ce rapport est de décrire cette éclosion de la COVID-19, déclarée dans un établissement de services personnels, et l’intervention de la santé publique pour contenir cette éclosion. Méthodes : L’enquête sur l’éclosion a porté sur tous les cas de COVID-19 survenus dans la région de Kingston, Frontenac, Lennox et Addington entre le 20 juin 2020 et le 3 juillet 2020. Des inspecteurs et des infirmières en Santé publique ont été rapidement déployés pour inspecter l’ESP. Une approche multimodale des dépistages à haut volume a impliqué des centres d’évaluation fixes, des capacités de dépistage au volant et des dépistages ciblés sur le site de l’éclosion. Les tests de dépistage ont été effectués par une amplification en chaîne par polymérase en temps réel au laboratoire local de Santé publique Ontario. Résultats : Trente-sept cas ont été liés à cette éclosion : 38 % par exposition directe à l’ESP; 32 % par contact familial; et 30 % par contact social et professionnel. Un événement de supercontamination a contribué à 38 % du total des cas. La majorité des cas se situaient dans les quintiles inférieurs ou moyens lorsque l’on analysait la difficulté matérielle. Les taux de dépistage ont été multipliés par quatre par rapport aux semaines de référence précédentes en réponse aux messages médiatiques et aux messages de Santé publique, ce qui a entraîné un faible pourcentage de positivité. Conclusion : L’interaction entre les dépistages intensifs et accessibles, la rapidité d’exécution en laboratoire, la recherche des contacts dans les 24 heures suivant l’obtention de résultats de laboratoire positifs conformément aux normes provinciales, une communication publique fréquente, les inspections rapides, l’auto-isolement et le port obligatoire du masque ont permis de stopper l’éclosion. Des inspections ou des autovérifications doivent être exigées dans tous les ESP avant la réouverture et les responsables de la gestion des éclosions doivent travailler avec les ESP pour réduire la possibilité d’événements de supercontamination.
ISIS’s use of cyberspace – furthering the organization’s goals utilizing new media
Authors: Raiskin Or Anat Elimelech
Published: May 2021

ISIS engages a wide array of new media tools: Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTubeand other social media outlets.ISIS uses advanced knowhow, technological innovations, social media, and has even launched applications. This allows it to influence and recruit outside of its physical borders in Syria and Iraq. This paper will describe the various ends motivating ISIS’s usage of new media tools, such as worldwide propagation of ideology, recruitment of personnel and assets, establishing terrorist cells and guiding terror attacks.In addition, this paper will discuss ISIS’s ideology, the underlying religious jurisprudence dissonance and cyber-jihad – the use of technology and cyberspace to advance violent militaristic jihad against the perceived enemies of Islam.
Wstęp
Authors: Iwanicki Juliusz
Published: May 2021

Wstęp
Mitologia codzienności, kebab i Adam Małysz
Authors: Stachowska Emilia
Published: May 2021

Marcin Napiórkowski, Mitologia współczesna, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 2018, ss. 382.
Biblijne argumenty ad absurdum świadectwem prawdziwości wiary chrześcijańskiej
Authors: Nawrot Janusz
Published: May 2021

Argumentum ad absurdum, as a way of thinking or acting which is pointless from the point of view of rationality and predictability of a human’s action, is intentionally planned in order to justify the uniqueness and thus veracity of the existence of something compared to commonly accepted standards of behaviour. The universality of these standards is questioned by introducing factors that go beyond the patterns of commonly accepted standards. In the Bible, there are also absurd situations from the point of view of human predictability which are directly attributed to God. This absurdity of God’s action, in comparison to the rights guiding pagan religions and the rationally accepted human behaviour strengthens the faith in His existence. Going beyond the area of “normalcy” proves in the strongest way that these facts, which are seemingly at variance with logical thinking, are indeed true. These facts are paradoxically a strong and durable foundation of the Christian faith.
Korelacje między religijnością a poczuciem sensu życia młodzieży szkół ponadgimnazjalnych w Poznaniu w świetle koncepcji Viktora E. Frankla i Dirka Hutsebauta
Authors: Machalski Jędrzej
Published: May 2021

Viktor Emil Frankl is considered to be a pioneering researcher into the issue of the meaning of life. He carried out a thorough analysis of the theories of his predecessors, and coined his own existential analysis and logotherapy, which have become some of the most popular trends in psychotherapy. Searching for the sources of the motivation for human action, one cannot ignore the phenomenon of religiosity. Over time, due to progressive secularization, it has become impossible to describe the religiosity of man through the existing categories. David M. Wulff laid the theoretical foundation for a new way of looking at religion. On the basis of Wulff’s theories, Dirk Hutsebaut distinguished four approaches to the Christian religion. His model of religiosity enables us to distinguish the types of faith and the ways of thinking about religion, also taking into account non-believers. This article, shows the correlation between religiosity and the sense of meaning of life in adolescents.
Czyżby przedwczesny krzyk sowy Minerwy? O renesansie syberyjskiego szamanizmu
Authors: Połeć Wojciech
Published: May 2021

In this study, I refer to the metaphor of the cry of Minerva’s owl, which was supposed to herald the twilight of a given phenomenon into the classic scientific descriptions of Siberian shamanism, which was treated by many scientists as part of the phenomenon “universal” for the history of the religion of humanity, and at the same time belonging only to the past. I am analysing the concepts of Mircea Eliade and Andrzej Wierciński in the context of my own field research on the Renaissance of Siberian shamanism. I propose a reflection on the usefulness and limitations of classical models of shamanism for studying contemporary religions of ethnic peoples traditionally considered to be shamanic. Certainly many researchers have become interested in issues related to shamanism thanks to the suggestive descriptions of the classics. The classic model of shamanism is therefore useful as a free frame of intellectual inspiration. Their usefulness decreases abruptly when we treat them as a summary of knowledge about shamanism. I argue that in modern research, it is certainly necessary to take a critical approach to individual statements and holistic assumptions that have grown around shamanism for decades.
The “naturalism” of Descartes and the naturalism of “Cartesians”
Authors: Drozdowicz Zbigniew
Published: May 2021

My deliberations seek to demonstrate that Descartes’s philosophy is programmatically anti-naturalistic, while its being presented and interpreted as one of the possible forms of naturalism evinces misunderstanding of its basic principles. For this reason, Descartes’s “naturalism” is referred to using quotation marks. Admittedly, his philosophy does advance such postulations and assertions which lend themselves to interpretation in naturalistic categories, but only when they are abstracted from the broader entirety of the Cartesian philosophical system. The text provides only two such examples, though more could be found in the seventeenth-century though. In each case, they constituted a departure from the very foundations of that system.
Ukraine as a center of contemporary global religious confrontation: Constantinople – Rome – Moscow
Authors: Fylypovych Liudmyla
Published: May 2021

The article analyzes the historical and contemporary status of Ukrainian churches of the Eastern Christian tradition, which at the beginning of the 21st century found themselves at the epicenter of the geopolitical confrontation between the three world’s Christian centers. Being a border area between Europe and Asia, Ukraine always had to make choices of the ways of its civilizational development. There were periods in its history when Ukraine did so voluntarily, becoming an independent center of the east Slavic, in particular, of the Eastern Christian world. However, the presence of aggressive neighbors made changes to the Kyiv-centric discourse of the country, inclining Ukrainians either to Constantinople, Rome or Moscow. Under these circumstances, the orientation towards the development of an independent and distinctive Kyiv Church was partially lost, but at the same time opposition to the world religious centers, which sought to determine the spiritual life of Ukrainians, formed. Ukraine now seeks to rectify the situation of subordination to the foreign centers and to get rid of colonial dependence on different countries and religions. Having received Tomos from the Patriarch of Constantinople in 2018, the united Ukrainian Local Orthodox Church will in time effectively and confidently influence the geopolitical situation in the world. The framework of the historical religious-political triangle will gradually be destroyed, and Ukraine will confidently declare its autonomous standing in the Christian oekumene.
Limbic system hyperactivity and the phenomena of spiritual awakenings. Confronting the supernatural through the neural networks
Authors: Nyske Ewelina
Published: May 2021

Spiritual awakenings tend to be associated with the religious rapture regardless of the spiritual path one decides to follow and are defined as temporary experiences whose main characteristic is the intensified sense of unity with the sacred. The nature of these particular phenomena gives rise to the need to carry out the in-depth analysis of the human responsiveness pattern in relation to the external stimuli, especially within the context of a religious experience. The limbic system, believed to be the headquarters of human emotions, tends to be easily activated, both verbally and non-verbally, and such activation may influence human behavior to a great extent. The principal objective of this paper is to provide a detailed classification of awakening experiences as well as to focus on the role of the amygdala and hippocampus in the production of particular religious experiences such as spiritual visions, speaking in the tongues or astral projections.
Droga, podróż, wędrówka w Tylko kochankowie przeżyją Jima Jarmuscha
Authors: Grabias Magdalena
Published: May 2021

Two first decades of the 21st century have revealed an increasing popularity of the horror genre. In particular, we have been witnessing the renaissance of Gothic cinema, especially the vampire sub-genre. It is conspicuous that the original vampire story formula has lately undergone numerous significant alterations. Vampires have evolved from cold and soulless monsters to humanised romantic heroes. In the new millennium, a static Gothic diegesis gets frequently replaced by a dynamic reality, in which movement is a predominant feature. This article is devoted to the motifs of the road, journey and travels in Jim Jarmusch’ film Only Lovers Left Alive.
Wstęp
Authors: Oliwa-Ciesielska Monika
Published: May 2021

Wstęp
Materiality of visuality. About relationships and transformations of visuality and politics
Authors: Lompe Maria , Wicher Cezary
Published: May 2021

In the hazy anthropocene era, which M. Chaberski (2019) understood as a serious epistemological crisis, even wider than the climate crisis, visuality plays a very important role -it becomes a vector for visibility and invisibility of discursive and non-discursive practices. The spirit of new materialism has developed a number of concepts, which emphasized non-linguistic ways of shaping meanings and interpretations of reality, and at the same time appreciated non-humans agencies. The article is constructed around the thesis “visual is material,” because in the end every representation refers to the materials, on which our world is build. We can treat this thesis as a political statement, following J. Ranciere observations, that the thought is material (2007). We would like to analyze the significance of materiality by taking a look at media art practices. We can sink into the thicket of connections between materials and track the journey of things, not focusing on the final effect (manufactured item), but rather on manufacturing process (Ingold 2019; Deleuze, Guattari 2015).
ÇALIŞANLARIN MİNNETTARLIK ALGISI İLE PSİKOLOJİK SERMAYE ALGISI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ ÜZERİNE GÖRGÜL BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: ÖZSOYLAR Özlem , TÜRKER M. Volkan
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı çalışanların minnettarlık algıları ile psikolojik sermaye algıları arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığını ve minnettarlığı yazılı olarak 21 gün boyunca ifade etmenin çalışanın minnettarlık ve psikolojik sermaye algısını değiştirip değiştirmediğini incelemektir. Üç aşamadan oluşan bu çalışmada, ilk aşamada 115 çalışana çevrim içi psikolojik sermaye ve minnettarlık ölçeği uygulanmıştır. İkinci aşamada deneklerden 21 gün boyunca kendilerine gönderilen bağlantıya tıklayarak çıkan sayfaya o gün için minnettar oldukları üç maddeyi ilgili kutucuğa yazmaları istenmiştir. Son aşamada ise 21 gün boyunca listeleme yapmaya devam eden 21 deneğe tekrar psikolojik sermaye ve minnettarlık ölçekleri uygulanmıştır. Katılımcıların deneye 21 gün boyunca iştirak etmesini motive etmek amacıyla çalışmaya devam eden deneklere “stresle baş etme” video eğitimi hediye edilmiştir. Ayrıca 21 gün boyunca çalışmaya devam eden deneklere bu süre sonunda e-posta yolu ile kendilerinde gözlemledikleri değişimler olup olmadığı, var ise bunların neler olduğu sorulmuştur. Çalışmanın sonucunda minnettarlık ile psikolojik sermaye algısı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu ve minnettarlığı 21 gün boyunca yazmanın, deneklerin minnettarlık ve psikolojik sermaye algılarını pozitif yönde değiştirdiği tespit edilmiştir.
TÜKETİCİLERİN ÇEVRİMİÇİ ALIŞVERİŞTEKİ FAYDACI VE HEDONİK ALIŞVERİŞ DEĞERİNİN ALGILANAN FAYDA VE RİSK ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: TRENDYOL VE ZARA TÜKETİCİLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: TANRIKULU Ebru , BAKIR Nurettin Ozan
Published: May 2021

Tüketimin insan yaşamındaki önemi ve artışı gözle görülür bir şekilde artmaktadır. Aynı zamanda, küreselleşme ile beraber ortaya çıkan yeniliklerden biri olan çevrimiçi alışveriş, geleneksel alışverişin yerini almaya başlamıştır. Bu sebeple, çevrimiçi alışveriş gün geçtikçe tüketiciler tarafından daha fazla kullanılmakta ve birtakım faydalar sağlamaktadır. Ancak çevrimiçi satın alımlar, tüketiciler tarafından bazı risklerin algılanmasına da sebep olmaktadır. Alışveriş değerinin, faydacı ve hedonik olmak üzere iki boyutlu olduğu bilinmektedir. İlgili literatür taraması da göz önüne alındığında, bu çalışmanın amacı, tüketicilerin çevrimiçi alışverişteki faydacı ve hedonik alışveriş değerinin algılanan fayda ve risk üzerindeki etkisini ölçmektir. Bu çalışmanın ana kütlesi, Trendyol firması ve Zara firmasından alışveriş yapan tüm tüketicilerdir. Araştırmada, tesadüfi olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Alışveriş değeri ölçeği, faydacı ve hedonik alışveriş değeri olmak üzere iki boyut olarak ele alınmıştır. Algılanan fayda ölçeği; alışveriş kolaylığı, ürün seçimi, alışveriş konforu ve haz olmak üzere dört boyuta ayrılmıştır. Son olarak algılanan risk ölçeği; finansal, ürün ve zaman riski olarak üç boyuta ayrılmıştır. Alışveriş ölçeği, Babin, Darden & Griffin (1994) çalışmasından, algılanan fayda ve algılanan risk ölçekleri ise, Forsythe vd. (2006) çalışmasından uyarlanmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucunda hedonik alışveriş değerinin algılanan fayda boyutlarının hepsini, algılanan risk boyutlarından da finansal risk ve ürün riski boyutlarını etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmadan çıkan başka bir sonuç ise, faydacı alışveriş değerinin sadece algılanan risk boyutlarından ürün riski ve zaman riski boyutlarını etkilediği, algılanan fayda boyutlarının ise hiçbirini etkilemediği saptanmıştır.
Positive radial symmetric solutions for a class of elliptic problems with critical exponent and -1 growth
Authors: Lei Chun-Yu , Liao Jia-Feng
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we consider a class of semilinear elliptic equation with critical exponent and -1 growth. By using the critical point theory for nonsmooth functionals, two positive solutions are obtained. Moreover, the symmetry and monotonicity properties of the solutions are proved by the moving plane method. Our results improve the corresponding results in the literature.
«efecto ventrílocuo» en las agencias internacionales de noticias. Revisión teórica e incidencia en las nuevas formas de desinformación
Authors: Civila Sabina , Castillo-Abdul Bárbara , Romero-Rodríguez Luis Miguel
Published: May 2021

Esta investigación reflexiona, desde una perspectiva teórica, cómo a través de las agencias de noticias se difunden la mayoría de los acontecimientos internacionales que llegan al resto de los medios de comunicación, provocando el conocido «efecto ventrílocuo»: múltiples medios, una sola voz; y se indaga sobre cómo las plataformas onlinehan fomentado este fenómeno, provocando un aumento estructural de la desinformación. En este sentido, la investigación tiene por objetivo conocer el desarrollo del «efecto ventrílocuo» con el progreso de los «nuevos medios»y como consecuencia, el aumento de la desinformación. Para este análisis documental de teoría fundamentada, el procedimiento metodológico se ha basado en la revisión bibliográfica de la literatura en las bases de datos internacionales de referencia (WoSy Scopus), realizando un análisis de estudios primarios, con el fin de sintetizar la información. Los resultados indican, entre otras cuestiones, que las redes sociales fomentan espacios de desinformación estructural en el ecosistema actual. En conclusión, se determina la relación entre el «efecto ventrílocuo» y la desinformación, que surge como consecuencia de la reticularidad y descentralización informativo-digital.
medios de comunicación españoles en tiempos de pandemia: generación de noticias en redes sociales durante la COVID-19
Authors: Arrufat Martín Sandro
Published: May 2021

La presente investigación presenta un estudio cuantitativo de la información difundida por los principales medios de comunicación españoles en sus perfiles de redes sociales durante la etapa de inicio de la pandemia en España hasta la conclusión del primer Estado de alarma decretado por el Gobierno español, analizando sus principales ratios. En este sentido, los resultados expuestos evidencian el grado de interés por parte de los ciudadanos en la información relativa a la COVID-19 durante el marco temporal establecido y en qué canales sociales han tenido mayor interacción y aceptación estos mensajes, siendo Instagram la red social con mejor aceptación para mensajes de carácter social. Asimismo, la investigación ha posibilitado obtener datos precisos sobre qué redes sociales responden mejor dependiendo el tipo de mensajes y contenidos difundidos. Además, el diseño metodológico de la investigación ha propiciado obtener resultados acerca de otros temas sociales de interés y actualidad que no guardan relación con la pandemia y que los medios de comunicación también generaban en su discurso durante los meses establecidos.
Templated α-Synuclein Inclusion Formation Is Independent of Endogenous Tau
Authors: Stoyka Lindsay E. , Mahoney Casey L. , Thrasher Drake R. , Russell Drèson L. , Cook Anna K. , Harris Anner T. , Narayanan Ashwin , Janado Tiara P. , Standaert David G. , Roberson Erik D. , Volpicelli-Daley Laura A.
Published: May 2021

Synucleinopathies including Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are characterized by neuronal intracellular inclusions of α-synuclein. PD dementia (PDD) and DLB are collectively the second most common cause of neurodegenerative dementia. In addition to associated inclusions, Lewy body diseases (LBDs) have dopaminergic neurodegeneration, motor defects and cognitive changes. The microtubule-associated protein tau has been implicated in LBDs, but the exact role of the protein and how it influences formation of α-synuclein inclusions is unknown. Reducing endogenous tau levels is protective in multiple models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), tauopathies, and in some transgenic synucleinopathy mouse models. Recombinant α-synuclein and tau proteins interactin vitro. Here, we show tau and α-synuclein colocalize at excitatory presynaptic terminals. However, tau heterozygous and tau knock-out mice do not show a reduction in fibril-induced α-synuclein inclusions formation in primary cortical neurons, or after intrastriatal injections of fibrils at 1.5 month or six months later. At six months following intrastriatal injections, wild-type, tau heterozygous and tau knock-out mice showed a 50% reduction in dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) compared with mice injected with α-synuclein monomer, but there were no statistically significant differences across genotypes. These data suggest the role of tau in the pathogenesis of LBDs is distinct from AD, and Lewy pathology formation may be independent of endogenous tau.
Perú: un mercado incompleto de servicios financieros al agro
Authors: Wiener Fresco Hugo Carlos
Published: May 2021

En el Perú, el banco público agrario surgió de la mano de los hacendados agroexportadores y fue a ellos a quienes dedicó sus mayores esfuerzos por 40 años. Las siguientes dos décadas, este banco acompañó a los beneficiarios de la radical reforma agraria de los setenta, hasta ser liquidado en 1992. En los diez años siguientes, el Estado tuvo una presencia marginal en el crédito agrario sin que su ausencia fuera llenada por el sistema financiero privado. Con el nuevo siglo se insistió en un nuevo banco estatal, pero sin continuidad en las políticas, a la fecha subsiste penosamente. En todos esos años, la penetración de los servicios financieros en el agro y el ámbito rural ha sido muy baja. Esta persistencia configura un fallo, un mercado incompleto que convive con una banca altamente concentrada, de espaldas a uno de los sectores más dinámicos de la economía.
THE MOST COMPACT SCISSION CONFIGURATION OF FRAGMENTS FROM LOW ENERGY FISSION OF 234U AND 236U
Authors: Rojas T. Justo A. , Montoya Modesto
Published: May 2021

Usando una técnica de tiempo de vuelo, Signarbieux et al. midieron el valor máximo de la energía cinética total en función de la masa primaria de los fragmentos de la fisión de baja energía de 234U y 236U. De los cálculos de las configuraciones de escisión, puede concluirse que, para esos dos sistemas físiles, el valor máximo de la energía cinética corresponde a las fragmentaciones (42Mo62, 50Sn80) y (42Mo64, 50Sn80), respectivamente, son iguales a los valores disponibles de energía, y sus configuraciones de escisión están compuestas por un fragmento pesado esférico y un fragmento liviano prolato, ambos en sus estados fundamentales.
Diseño de un amplificador óptico empleando una fibra dopada con erbio
Authors: Tardillo Vanessa Isabel , Lozano Bartra Whualkuer
Published: May 2021

Presentamos una introducción sobre el diseño teórico de un amplificador a fibra dopado con erbio más conocido por su sigla en ingles como EDFA. Estudiamos la ganancia del amplificador en función de la potencia del láser de bombeo (1480 nm y 980 nm) y del tamaño de la fibra dopada con Er3+.
Cosmología cuántica del Universo con secciones espaciales S1℗Tg
Authors: Fagundes Helio V. , Vargas T.
Published: May 2021

Consideremos la creación cuántica de un universo con una topología espacial S1℗Tg. Usando la integral funcional euclidiana y la aproximación por un tunelamiento como prescripciones aplicadas a la cosmología cuántica, calculamos la función de onda de un universo con una constante cosmológica negativa y sin materia. La integral de camino de un minisuperespacio anisotrópico es calculado en la aproximación semiclásica y muestra que la función de onda es proporcional al genus de la variedad Tg hiperbólica compacta bidimensional y al valor absoluto de la constante cosmológica negativa. De esta forma obtenemos la probabilidad de la creación cuántica de un universo de alto genus y aparece en la aproximación de Hartle-Hawking que este se incrementa con el genus g, mientras que en la aproximación por tunelamiento este decrece con g.
Estimación del nivel medio de bajamares de sicigias ordinarias en la bahía de Paracas
Authors: Jiménez C. , Saavedra M. , Niquen J. , Pasapera J. , Calvo M.
Published: May 2021

La Tierra es un sistema dinámico y como tal es susceptible a la acción de eventos sísmicos y geológicos. Para muchos problemas de ciencias e ingeniería surge la necesidad de establecer un sistema de coordenadas tridimensional para realizar mediciones geodésicas. Con el avance de la geodesia satelital, en la actualidad es posible determinar las coordenadas horizontales de un punto sobre la superficie terrestre con errores menores a 1 cm. El problema surge al tratar de obtener la coordenada vertical, ya que los satélites proporcionan alturas con referencia a un elipsoide, el cual no es una superficie equipotencial. Para obtener la coordenada vertical, se toma como referencia la superficie del geoide o nivel medio del mar. En el presente trabajo, se proporciona una metodología para estimar el nivel medio del mar en la bahía de Paracas, utilizando un sensor de nivel ultrasónico y un sistema de interface a la computadora. Los datos obtenidos son procesados digitalmente mediante herramientas de filtrado y transformada de Fourier para separar las componentes de frecuencia correspondientes a la marea y olas. Como resultado se obtiene un nivel de referencia con un error de ±2 cm, lo que es suficiente para muchas obras de ingeniería.
Composición y espesor de las decoraciones nasales de oro y plata provenientes de la tumba de la Dama de Cao determinados por la combinación del análisis EDXRF y las medidas de transmisión de rayos X
Authors: Cesáreo R. , Gigante G. , Fabián J. , Zambrano S. , Franco R. , Fernández A. , Bustamente A.
Published: May 2021

Treinta y cuatro adornos de nariz de la tumba de la Señora de Cao han sido analizados por análisis de EDXRF y medidas de transmisión. Estas decoraciones de nariz están hechas en parte en oro, y en parte en plata. Análisis EDXRF mostró que, mientras que las áreas de oro todas muestran una composición similar, las áreas de plata exhiben una composición irregular, y también un alto porcentaje inusual de oro, de hasta 35 %. Para verificar que esta composición errática no depende de los procesos de enriquecimiento en la superficie, se llevaron a cabo medidas de transmisión de rayos-X, lo que da la composición en el bulk de las muestras. Estas últimas mediciones confirman completamente los resultados de EDXRF. Por lo tanto, la conclusión podría ser que una gran cantidad de oro fue añadida intencionalmente a las aleaciones de plata, por razones no claras, se puede evitar los procesos de oxidación típica de alta concentración de plata en aleaciones de plata.
Análisis mineralógico de la fracción arcilla de suelos tropicales del Perú por difractometría de rayos X y espectroscopia Mössbauer
Authors: Mejia Mirian E. , Bravo Jorge A.
Published: May 2021

El propósito de este trabajo fue la identificación y la caracterización de los principales minerales en las fracciones arcilla de muestras de suelos tropicales que fueron seleccionadas de la Reserva Forestal de la Universidad Agraria de la Selva, localizada en la Región de Huánuco, Perú, con énfasis en el estudio de los sesquióxidos de hierro (óxidos, hidróxidos y oxidróxidos de hierro) y minerales de arcilla con sustitución de hierro. Se utilizó el método químico de disolución selectiva utilizando ditionito-citrato-bicarbonato, DCB, [1] para la disolución de óxidos de hierro cristalinos, lo cual favorece la identificación de minerales de arcilla. Asimismo fueron utilizadas las técnicas analíticas de difractometría de rayos X, DRX, y espectroscopia Mössbauer por transmisión, EMT, a temperatura ambiente, TA, y a 110 K para determinar la composición mineralógica de las muestras. En este artículo presentamos solo los resultados obtenidos con dos muestras seleccionadas por sus características contrastantes.
Estudio de la quinua, Chenopodium quinoa Willd, como fertilizante natural alternativo, mediante métodos nucleares analíticos
Authors: Soto R. L. , Chumpitaz O. M. , Torres E. , Rojas J. , Llópiz J. C. , Szegedi S.
Published: May 2021

Con base en la aplicación de los métodos analíticos de caracterización multielemental de las muestras orgánicas, tales como la fluorescencia de rayos X, el análisis por activación neutrónica y el análisis químico de Coleman, se sugiere la posibilidad de uso de varias partes no comestibles de la planta denominada quinua, Chenopodium quinoa Willd, como fertilizante natural alternativo para este cultivo.
Identiﬁcación de las tierras degradadas por la salinidad del suelo en los cultivos de caña de azucar mediante imágenes de satélite
Authors: Soca R. , Rojas J. , Willems B. L. , Ocola L. C. , Fernández Ranulfo , Carlos Pérez Juan Carlos
Published: May 2021

En el presente trabajo identiﬁcamos los suelos de cultivos degradados por la salinidad, empleando imágenes HRG-2 (SPOT), TM (LANDSAT-5) y ETM+ (LANDSAT-7) de alta resolución espacial en los cultivos de la caña de azúcar de la Empresa Agroindustrial Pomalca ubicada en el departamento de Lambayeque, en la costa norte del Perú. Se estimó la reﬂectancia de la superﬁcie del suelo, el índice de vegetación de diferencia normalizada -NDVI-, y el índice de salinidad -Indsal-, a partir de las imágenes de satélite utilizando el software de procesamiento de imágenes ENVI-4.5 y el lenguaje de programación IDL-7.2.También se estimó el máximo valor compuesto del NDVI e Indsal de las imágenes TM y ETM+ para identiﬁcar los suelos con baja calidad agrícola y los suelos degradados por la salinidad. Para estimar la salinidad en los cultivos de la caña de azúcar se realizó gráﬁcos de la dispersión de los valores de la conductividad eléctrica -CE-, del suelo, frente a los valores de la reﬂectancia espectral del suelo extraídos de las imágenes de las bandas B1, B2, B3 y B4 (TM-20/04/2008). De esta forma se aplican los modelos de regresión lineal simple y múltiple. El máximo coeﬁciente de correlación fue de 7.3 que se utilizó para generar el mapa temático de la distribución espacial de la salinidad del suelo.
El uso del decremento logarítmico para evaluar el amortiguamiento en las oscilaciones
Authors: Montenegro Joo Javier
Published: May 2021

Se ha creado un Laboratorio Virtual para detectar experimentalmente la frecuencia de oscilación de un oscilador amortiguado. Una vez que se introducen los datos de entrada como masa, constante elástica y amortiguación del medio, el módulo muestra las oscilaciones en la pantalla de la computadora, detecta automáticamente los desplazamientos extremos de la oscilación y aplica el algoritmo de Decremento Loga-rítmico, que conduce al exponente que caracteriza la contracción gradual de los desplazamientos. De este exponente se calcula la frecuencia de las oscilaciones amortiguadas oscilador, este resultado – tal como se espera- es igual al valor calculado teóricamente.