bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Willingness to pay for shared mobility hubs: a stated choice joint-survey in four European cities
Authors: Grigolon Anna , Garritsen Kelt , Geurs Karst
Published: January 2025

This paper aims to assess the relative importance of different shared mobility hub design elements. A standardised survey was developed and applied among users and residents in different areas, including a stated preference experiment, to examine trade-offs between integration dimensions and the willingness-to-pay for different attributes of hubs. The results underscore a disparity between the attributes most valued by respondents and their willingness-to-pay for them, which holds significance in the planning and functioning of mobility hubs. Although elements such as information and digital integration were indicated as being prerequisites for a successful shared mobility hub, respondents are not willing to pay for it, indicating that these would have to be arranged by the government and/or transport operators. Respondents are more willing to pay for shared mobility and public transport within walking distance from one another or for placemaking strategies (such as services or landscaping), which are more evident elements related to the physical integration (and design) of hubs.
A Qualitatively-Informed Approach to Examining the Construct Validity of Alcohol-Involved Sexual Violence
Authors: Chiu Tiffany , Gesser Nili , Katz Benjamin W. , Burmeister Ellei , Anderson RaeAnn E.
Published: January 2025

One in five women experience sexual victimization in her lifetime, making sexual victimization a significant public health crisis. This public health crisis also has detrimental health consequences. Understanding the scope of sexual violence and the effects of prevention programming requires accuracy in measuring sexual violence. Yet, a wealth of research suggests lack of precision in sexual violence measurement and potential confusion among respondents in how to interpret items on sexual victimization and perpetration questionnaires. Specifically, alcohol-involved sexual violence questions are among the hardest to operationalize in such questionnaires, due, in part to cultural ideas about alcohol and idiosyncratic effects of alcohol on behavior. The current study addressed this gap by assessing the construct validity of alcohol-involved sexual violence questionnaire items. We used a cognitive-interviewing qualitative approach to analyze interviews with forty participants to better understand the cognitive and interpretive language nuances between “took advantage of while drunk” and being “too drunk to consent.” Qualitative thematic analysis was conducted to identify and summarize differences in how stimuli were perceived and interpreted. Our thematic analysis identified three themes: (a) respondents used behavioral indicators as an indicator of impaired decision-making, (b) respondents perceived and expressed complexity in understanding alcohol-related consent, and (c) some respondents attributed the differences between the phrases to reflect experiences of either perpetration and victimization. The results underscore the importance of refining questionnaires using behavioral indicators of alcohol intoxication to differentiate between incapacitated and impaired alcohol-involved incidents, clarifying non-consent language, and being purposeful in describing a state or an action related to the consumption of alcohol, to better measure alcohol-involved sexual violence.
When implication algebras can be residuated lattices?
Authors: Samir Basim , Merdach Huda
Published: January 2025

M. Ward and R.P. Dilworth were the first to describe the commutative residuated lattices as a generalization of ideal ring lattices. Complete studies on residuated lattices were developed by H. Ono, T. Kowalski, P. Jipsen and C. Tsinakis. Furthermore, Y. Xu is credited with the invention of lattice implication algebra. The aim of the paper was to link up the structures used in foundations of quantum logic and arising in many-valued reasoning. It is shown that implication algebra with unity can be described as residuated lattice.
Higher dimensional heat conducting models with vanishing shear
Authors: Naicker Shavani , Brassel Byron P. , Maharaj Sunil D.
Published: January 2025

A shear-free relativistic fluid with nonzero heat flux is studied by examining the higher dimensional spherically symmetric shear-free interior spacetime. The model is a heat conducting fluid undergoing dissipation. The Einstein field equations are generated in arbitrary dimensions for such a fluid and the assumption of isotropic fluid pressure realises a coupled partial differential equation in the gravitational potentials. We generate exact solutions to the isotropic pressure condition equation which represents a generalisation of the known four dimensional solutions. We also illustrate that the matter variables are physically well behaved and that the energy conditions are satisfied which is essential for constructing a complete and physically viable model in the context of radiating stars with vanishing shear.
Tracking interfaces in a random logistic free-boundary diffusion problems: a random level set method
Authors: Egorova Vera , Casabán M. C. , Company Rafael , Jódar Lucas
Published: January 2025

Free-boundary diffusive logistic model finds applications in diverse fields associated with population dynamics. These processes often possess stochastic characteristics and involve parameters with uncertainties. This study focuses on enhancing a two-dimensional diffusive logistic partial differential model with free boundary by incorporating randomness in the mean square sense, considering the conditions for well-posedness in the random case, which is crucial for the further analysis. Both unknown stochastic processes the solution and its moving front, and the parameters involved in the random problem as random variables, are constrained by a finite degree of randomness. To tackle this challenge, we propose a random level set method. Given the complexity of the problem, we employ alternating direction explicit methods for the interior solvers, to effectively address computational challenges. Since computing the mean and the standard deviation of both unknown stochastic processes are required, we combine the sample approach of the difference schemes together with Monte Carlo technique avoiding the storage accumulation of symbolic expressions of all the previous levels of the iteration process. Parallel computing is employed to enhance performance. A careful numerical analysis is performed in the mean square context to ensure stability, positivity, and boundedness. The set of presented examples illustrates these qualitative properties, assess numerical convergence and enables us to gain a deeper understanding of the system’s behavior attending to the geometry of the initial habitat. This approach provides valuable tools for analyzing and predicting spreading-vanishing dichotomy.
Mechanical and corrosion properties of Al2O3/7075 aluminum matrix composites prepared by additive friction stir deposition
Authors: Bagheri Ehsan , Adibi Noushin , Ding Huan , Chen Yehong , Guo Shengmin
Published: January 2025

Additive Friction stir deposition (AFSD) has been extensively utilized for processing Al alloys. The properties of the Al depositions under as-fabricated state, including mechanical strength and corrosion resistance, are typically inferior compared to the base material, especially for heat-treatable alloys. In this research, multilayers of Al7075 composites, reinforced by ceramic particles, were processed by AFSD to evaluate the effect of using feedstock materials containing reinforcing particles on the properties of the deposition. For comparison, a bare Al7075 part was also processed by AFSD under the same conditions. The results of mechanical testing revealed a significant reduction in the microhardness, tensile strength and compression stress of the bare alloy after deposition. However, the composite deposition exhibited only a slight decrease in the properties compared to its feedstock material. Additionally, the corrosion resistance of the composite enhanced after AFSD, in contrast to the bare alloy, where the corrosion resistance deteriorated. Microstructural analysis showed a uniform distribution of the reinforcing particles in the matrix for the deposition, closely resembling that of the feedstock composite. This, along with grain refinement and minimal change in precipitates, were the reasons for the minimum changes in mechanical properties, as well as the improvement in corrosion resistance.
Mitigating Electro-Optical Frequency Mapping Attacks on Logic-Locked Integrated Circuits
Authors: Wojtal Thomas , Paul Robi , Zuzak Michael
Published: January 2025

The outsourcing of integrated circuit (IC) fabrication raises concerns of reverse-engineering, piracy, and overproduction of high-value intellectual property (IP). Logic locking was developed to address this by adding logic gates to a design to a chip’s functionality during fabrication. However, recent advances have revealed that logic locking is susceptible to physical probing attacks, such as electro-optical frequency mapping (EOFM). In this work, we propose Adjoining Gates, a novel logic locking enhancement that places auxiliary logic gates near gates that leak key information when probed to obscure them, thereby mitigating EOFM-style attacks. To implement Adjoining Gates, we developed an open-source security verification and design automation algorithm that detects EOFM key leakage during placement and inserts Adjoining Gates in a design. Our evaluation shows that our proposed approach identified and mitigated all EOFM-extractable key leakage across 16 benchmarks of varying sizes, locking techniques, and probe resolutions with a 4.15% average gate count overhead.
Identification of a chordovirus hosted by Angelica lignescens
Authors: Luna Sara , Lopes Maria Susana , Dias Eduardo , Pereira Dinis , da Câmara Machado Artur , Mendonça Duarte
Published: January 2025

Angelica lignescens, an endangered plant species endemic to the Azores Archipelago and member of the Apiaceae family, was subjected to Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) virome analysis. This analysis revealed the presence of contigs associated with a virus member of the Chordovirus genus. Through RT–PCR and additional Sanger sequencing, the complete genome of the virus was assembled and provisionally named angelica chordovirus (AChV). The AChV has a genome length of 8145 nt, exhibiting a similar organization to the Trivirinae subfamily (Betaflexiviridae family). Upon BLAST analysis, the highest genomic homology was uncovered with carrot chordovirus 4 (CChV4), displaying a nucleotide identity of 76%. Pairwise comparisons further emphasized this similarity, with 80% and 82% amino acid identity to the complete replicase and coat protein genes of CChV4, respectively. These values lie on the borderline of species demarcation criteria. Given that, to ensure precise classification, additional research is imperative to unravel the epidemiology and ecology of AChV. Furthermore, a more profound understanding of its impact on A. lignescens and its potential broader ecological implications is essential, especially concerning potential host crops.
Impact of attapulgite and basalt fiber additions on the performance of pumice-based foam concrete: mechanical, thermal, and durability properties
Authors: Bodur Burak , Benli Ahmet , Bayraktar Oguzhan Yavuz , Alcan Haluk Görkem , Kaplan Gokhan , Aydın Abdulkadir Cüneyt
Published: January 2025

This study explored the combined effects of using attapulgite (ATP) as a partial cement replacement and basalt fibers (BF) as reinforcement in the development of high-performance foam concrete (FC) with 100% pumice aggregate. The experimental program included preparing FC mixtures with ATP replacements at 10%, 20%, and 30% by cement weight, and adding BF at volume fractions of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%. Key properties assessed were fresh flowability, compressive and flexural strengths, stress–strain behavior, thermal conductivity, and durability under sulfate exposure and high temperatures. Findings revealed a synergistic effect between ATP and BF, leading to significant performance enhancements across various parameters. The mixture with 30% ATP and 0.5% BF exhibited the highest compressive strength, reaching 19.45 MPa at 28 days and 22.11 MPa at 90 days, indicating improvements of 129.3% and 85.3% over the reference mix, respectively. This combination also achieved the lowest sorptivity, improved thermal stability, and better sulfate resistance, making it highly suitable for structural applications in harsh environments. In addition, the mixture with 10% ATP and 0.5% BF demonstrated the lowest thermal conductivity, reducing heat transfer by 4.2% compared to the control, which is beneficial for thermal insulation in building materials. Microstructural analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that ATP’s pozzolanic reactivity led to a denser microstructure with stronger bonding, while BF effectively bridged micro-cracks, enhancing the FC matrix's durability. Overall, these results highlighted the potential of ATP and BF to significantly enhance FC’s mechanical, thermal, and durability properties, providing an eco-friendly solution with lower cement use and greater resilience to environmental stressors. This study contributes to sustainable construction technology by showcasing how ATP and BF can optimize FC performance, supporting its wider use in the construction industry.
MUSICIANS’ RESPONSE: POST-INSTRUMENTAL PRACTICE AND SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Moore Thomas R. , Verlaak Maya
Published: January 2025

This article is situated within the framework of a definition of curation of new music that includes, in addition to the choice of pieces, venues and players, the active choice of specific tools and roles that will be filled by people, roles that have rich traditions and expectations and are thus ripe for instrumentalisation. In earlier research we have demonstrated that the roles of musicians within new music have been instrumentalised, and in this article we aim to better understand the musicians’ response. One such observable response has been dubbed by artist–researchers Håkon Stene and Louise Devenish as ‘post-instrumental practice’. In this article we will discuss how and where we also observe this trend. We then test its sustainability through in-depth interviews with venue organisers and artistic directors as well as analysing funding and employers’ organisations’ published policies on socially and economically sustainable practices.
Geodetic Strain Rates and Seismicity Rates Along the Apennines (Italy)
Authors: Nucci R. , Serpelloni E. , Faenza L. , Garcia A. , Belardinelli M. E.
Published: January 2025

The Apennines are a tectonically active belt that has experienced significant earthquakes (Mw6). The largest events primarily occurred along the chain axis, where a complex system of normal faults accommodates 2–3 mm/yr of SW‐NE oriented extension, as precisely measured by a dense Global Navigation Satellite System network. Geodetic strain rates are now frequently used in earthquake hazard models; however, the impact of using such estimates, computed through different methods, for seismic hazard assessments may be difficult to evaluate. This study explores the relationship between geodetic strain rates and seismicity rates in the Apennines using three distinct horizontal strain rate maps and an instrumental seismicity catalog. We find that the principal directions of geodetic strain rate are kinematically consistent with those of strain release. We estimate a spatially heterogeneous seismogenic thickness using the distribution of earthquake depths, and we isolate likely independent seismicity using three different declustering methods. We observe a correlation between independent seismicity rates and the magnitude of strain rate, which can be represented by either a linear or, more accurately, by a power‐law relationship. The variability in the strain‐seismicity relationship depends on the combination of independent seismic catalogs and strain rate maps. This relationship is primarily influenced by the declustering technique more than the choice of the strain rate map and, in particular, by the number of aftershocks excluded during declustering. Seismicity models derived from these combinations were used to estimate and compare the seismic moment release rate with the tectonic moment rate estimated from strain rate maps and seismogenic thickness. Findings indicate that the tectonic moment rate exceeds the seismic moment release rate. We highlight uncertainties and potential causes, one of which could be a possible aseismic release of part of the moment rate.
Exploring Controls on Post‐Orogenic Topographic Stasis of the Pyrenees Mountains With Inverse Landscape Evolution Modeling
Authors: Curry Magdalena Ellis , van der Beek Peter
Published: January 2025

How high topography can be sustained over long timescales in post‐orogenic mountain belts is a longstanding research question in tectonic geomorphology and geodynamics. Here we utilize the well‐documented orogenic paleo‐topography and spatial‐temporal exhumation patterns of the Pyrenee Mountains in a numerical modeling study investigating controls on post‐orogenic topographic stasis. Orogenic activity in the Pyrenees Mountains ceased at ca. 25‐20 Ma, but topographic decay has only been on the scale of hundreds of meters since that time. We use the landscape‐evolution model FastScape coupled with the neighborhood‐algorithm inversion method to explore the influence of precipitation, lithology, and stream power parameters on post‐orogenic topographic stability. The inversions are constrained using topography (elevation, slope) and low‐temperature thermochronology data. We find that incorporation of an erodibility threshold is required for moderating post‐orogenic topographic decay, without which post‐orogenic topography declines significantly on Myr timescales. While other evaluated parameters such as lithology and precipitation also contribute to topographic stability, they are secondary to the erodibility threshold in maintaining long‐term post‐orogenic topography. Our results provide valuable insights into the mechanisms governing post‐orogenic landscape evolution and emphasize the importance of thresholds in landscape evolution modeling of mountain belts.
The 2020 Heatwave Led to a Larger Enhancement in Annual Gross Primary Production in West Siberia Than in East Siberia
Authors: Park Sung‐Bin , Park Chang‐Eui , Kim Jin‐Soo , Xiao Jingfeng , Song Eun‐Ji , So Damwon , Park Sang Seo
Published: January 2025

Spring and summer vegetation productivity in Siberia shows opposing responses to warmer spring. Spring warming causes excessive vegetation growth and earlier start of photosynthesis, enhancing productivity in spring. However, this leads to reduced productivity in the following season (i.e., summer) through soil moisture depletion. To understand how an exceptional spring heatwave (HW) affected ecosystem carbon uptake, we investigated the spatiotemporal cascade of gross primary production (GPP) and multiple climate variables over Siberia in 2020, using a satellite‐retrieved GPP product (GOSIF‐GPP) and the ERA5‐Land reanalysis data set for 2001–2020. Results showed a positive impact of anomalous spring warming on annual GPP (GPPann). GPPann from GOSIF‐GPP in West Siberia (55°–70°N, 50°–90°E) was enhanced by up to 10% above the 2001–2019 average despite continued dry conditions from May to August. In East Siberia (55–70°N, 90–130°E), the GPP increases for May and June were sufficient to compensate for marked reduction of GPP in July due to negative anomaly in radiation. In addition, the higher sensitivity of GPPann to spring temperature in West Siberia than in East Siberia suggests that GPP increase coupled with strong warming and respective excessive vegetation growth might be more pronounced in the western region, as observed in 2020. Our results indicate that the warming trend in spring, combined with possible extreme heat events, could elevate annual carbon uptake in Siberia, particularly in West Siberia. Further, this case study for the extreme HW event that occurred in 2020 can provide useful insight for understanding future change in carbon uptake over Siberia.
A Y178C rhodopsin mutation causes aggregation and comparatively severe retinal degeneration
Authors: Vasudevan Sreelakshmi , Park Paul S.–H.
Published: January 2025

Rhodopsin is the light-activated G protein-coupled receptor that initiates vision in photoreceptor cells of the retina. Numerous mutations in rhodopsin promote receptor misfolding and aggregation, causing autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa, a progressive retinal degenerative disease. The mechanism by which these mutations cause photoreceptor cell death, and the role aggregation plays in this process is still unclear. We recently demonstrated with the P23H and G188R rhodopsin mutants that the severity of aggregation observed in vitro is also reflected in vivo and impacts the rate of retinal degeneration. A Y178C rhodopsin mutant was investigated here to determine if this relationship applies broadly among mutations that cause misfolding and aggregation of the receptor. In vitro characterization indicated the Y178C rhodopsin mutant exhibits similar properties to the more severely aggregating G188R rhodopsin mutant, where the mutant is mislocalized to the endoplasmic reticulum in HEK293 cells and form aggregates that cannot be rescued by treatment with the retinoid 9-cis retinal. Despite these similarities in vitro, the Y178C rhodopsin mutant promoted a more severe retinal degeneration compared to the G188R mutant in vivo in mice. Aggregates of the Y178C rhodopsin mutant labeled by the dye PROTEOSTAT were morphologically similar to those formed by both the P23H and G188R rhodopsin mutants. There was, however, significantly greater photoreceptor cell death occurring independently of PROTEOSTAT-labeled aggregates in mice expressing the Y178C rhodopsin mutant compared to those expressing either the P23H or G188R rhodopsin mutants. Here, we demonstrate that PROTEOSTAT-labeled aggregates are not the sole cause of photoreceptor cell death promoted by the Y178C rhodopsin mutation in vivo, and there may be alternate aggregate forms contributing to cell death in these mice.
Single cell profiling of circulating autoreactive CD4 T cells from patients with autoimmune liver diseases suggests tissue imprinting
Authors: Cardon Anaïs , Guinebretière Thomas , Dong Chuang , Gil Laurine , Ado Sakina , Gavlovsky Pierre-jean , Braud Martin , Danger Richard , Schultheiß Christoph , Doméné Aurélie , Paul-Gilloteaux Perrine , Chevalier Caroline , Bernier Laura , Judor Jean-Paul , Fourgeux Cynthia , Imbert Astrid , Khaldi Marion , Bardou-Jacquet Edouard , Elkrief Laure , Lannes Adrien , Silvain Christine , Schnee Matthieu , Tanne Florence , Vavasseur Fabienne , Brusselle Lucas , Brouard Sophie , Kwok William W. , Mosnier Jean-François , Lohse Ansgar W. , Poschmann Jeremie , Binder Mascha , Gournay Jérôme , Conchon Sophie , Milpied Pierre , Renand Amédée
Published: January 2025

Autoimmune liver diseases (AILD) involve dysregulated CD4 T cell responses against liver self-antigens, but how these autoreactive T cells relate to liver tissue pathology remains unclear. Here we perform single-cell transcriptomic and T cell receptor analyses of circulating, self-antigen-specific CD4 T cells from patients with AILD and identify a subset of liver-autoreactive CD4 T cells with a distinct B-helper transcriptional profile characterized by PD-1, TIGIT and HLA-DR expression. These cells share clonal relationships with expanded intrahepatic T cells and exhibit transcriptional signatures overlapping with tissue-resident T cells in chronically inflamed environments. Using a mouse model, we demonstrate that, following antigen recognition in the liver, CD4 T cells acquire an exhausted phenotype, play a crucial role in liver damage, and are controlled by immune checkpoint pathways. Our findings thus suggest that circulating autoreactive CD4 T cells in AILD are imprinted by chronic antigen exposure to promote liver inflammation, thereby serving as a potential target for developing biomarkers and therapies for AILD.
Biological correlates associated with high-risk breast cancer patients identified using a computational method
Authors: Oh Jung Hun , Pareja Fresia , Elkin Rena , Xu Kaiming , Norton Larry , Deasy Joseph O.
Published: January 2025

Using a novel unsupervised method to integrate multi-omic data, we previously identified a breast cancer group with a poor prognosis. In the current study, we characterize the biological features of this subgroup, defined as the high-risk group, using various data sources. Assessment of three published hypoxia signatures showed that the high-risk group exhibited higher hypoxia scores (p < 0.0001 in all three signatures), compared to the low-risk group. Our analysis of the immune cell composition using CIBERSORT and leukocyte fraction showed significant differences between the high and low-risk groups across the entire cohort, as well as within PAM50 subtypes. Within the basal subtype, the low-risk group had a statistically significantly higher spatial fraction of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) compared to the high-risk group (p = 0.0362). Our findings indicate that this subgroup with poor prognosis is driven by a distinct biological signature with high activation of hypoxia-related genes as well as a low number of TILs.
The Ronne Ice Shelf survived the last interglacial
Authors: Wolff Eric W. , Mulvaney Robert , Grieman Mackenzie M. , Hoffmann Helene M. , Humby Jack , Nehrbass-Ahles Christoph , Rhodes Rachael H. , Rowell Isobel F. , Sime Louise C. , Fischer Hubertus , Stocker Thomas F. , Landais Amaelle , Parrenin Frédéric , Steig Eric J. , Dütsch Marina , Golledge Nicholas R.
Published: January 2025

The fate of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS)1 is the largest cause of uncertainty in long-term sea-level projections. In the last interglacial (LIG) around 125,000 years ago, data suggest that sea level was several metres higher than today2–4, and required a significant contribution from Antarctic ice loss, with WAIS usually implicated. Antarctica and the Southern Ocean were warmer than today5–8, by amounts comparable to those expected by 2100 under moderate to high future warming scenarios. However, direct evidence about the size of WAIS in the LIG is sparse. Here we use sea salt data from an ice core from Skytrain Ice Rise, adjacent to WAIS, to show that, during most of the LIG, the Ronne Ice Shelf was still in place, and close to its current extent. Water isotope data are consistent with a retreat of WAIS9, but seem inconsistent with more dramatic model realizations10 in which both WAIS and the large Antarctic ice shelves were lost. This new constraint calls for a reappraisal of other elements of the LIG sea-level budget. It also weakens the observational basis that motivated model simulations projecting the highest end of projections for future rates of sea-level rise to 2300 and beyond.
AAV capsid prioritization in normal and steatotic human livers maintained by machine perfusion
Authors: Kim Jae-Jun , Kurial Simone N. T. , Choksi Pervinder K. , Nunez Miguel , Lunow-Luke Tyler , Bartel Jan , Driscoll Julia , Her Chris L. , Dhillon Simaron , Yue William , Murti Abhishek , Mao Tin , Ramos Julian N. , Tiyaboonchai Amita , Grompe Markus , Mattis Aras N. , Syed Shareef M. , Wang Bruce M. , Maher Jacquelyn J. , Roll Garrett R. , Willenbring Holger
Published: January 2025

Therapeutic efficacy and safety of adeno-associated virus (AAV) liver gene therapy depend on capsid choice. To predict AAV capsid performance under near-clinical conditions, we established side-by-side comparison at single-cell resolution in human livers maintained by normothermic machine perfusion. AAV-LK03 transduced hepatocytes much more efficiently and specifically than AAV5, AAV8 and AAV6, which are most commonly used clinically, and AAV-NP59, which is better at transducing human hepatocytes engrafted in immune-deficient mice. AAV-LK03 preferentially transduced periportal hepatocytes in normal liver, whereas AAV5 targeted pericentral hepatocytes in steatotic liver. AAV5 and AAV8 transduced liver sinusoidal endothelial cells as efficiently as hepatocytes. AAV capsid and steatosis influenced vector episome formation, which determines gene therapy durability, with AAV5 delaying concatemerization. Our findings inform capsid choice in clinical AAV liver gene therapy, including consideration of disease-relevant hepatocyte zonation and effects of steatosis, and facilitate the development of AAV capsids that transduce hepatocytes or other therapeutically relevant cell types in the human liver with maximum efficiency and specificity.
Variable stressor exposure shapes fitness within and across generations
Authors: Lee Marcus
Published: January 2025

Environmental variation has long been considered a key driver of evolutionary change, predicted to shape different strategies, such as genetic specialization, plasticity, or bet-hedging to maintain fitness. However, little evidence is available with regards to how the periodicity of stressors may impact fitness across generations. To address this gap, I conducted a reciprocal split-brood experiment using the freshwater crustacean, Daphnia magna, and an ecologically relevant environmental stressor, ultraviolet radiation (UVR). I exposed one group to constant and another group to fluctuating UVR conditions. Despite receiving the same dose of UVR, the first experimental generation displayed significant treatment-by-genotype interactions with respect to survival and reproductive output, as well as a delayed reproductive maturity under fluctuating UVR conditions. In the following experimental generation individuals exposed to fluctuating UVR exhibited higher fitness than those in a constant UVR regime. The ancestral conditions, i.e., maternal environment, however affected the survival probability and reproductive output, but did not significantly influence the maturation date. Overall, I demonstrate that the delivery of a stressor, not just its intensity, can have profound fitness consequences across generations, with important implications for seasonal succession of genotype–phenotype patterns in natural environments.
Evaluation of the Digital Ventilated Cage® system for circadian phenotyping
Authors: Tir Selma , Foster Russell G. , Peirson Stuart N.
Published: January 2025

The study of circadian rhythms has been critically dependent upon analysing mouse home cage activity, typically employing wheel running activity under different lighting conditions. Here we assess a novel method, the Digital Ventilated Cage (DVC®, Tecniplast SpA, Italy), for circadian phenotyping. Based upon capacitive sensors mounted under black individually ventilated cages with inbuilt LED lighting, each cage becomes an independent light-controlled chamber. Home cage activity in C57BL/6J mice was recorded under a range of lighting conditions, along with circadian clock-deficient cryptochrome-deficient mice (Cry1

−/−
, Cry2

−/−
double knockout). C57BL/6J mice exhibited a 24 h period under light/dark conditions, with a free-running period of 23.5 h under constant dark, and period lengthening under constant light. Animals displayed expected phase shifting responses to jet-lag and nocturnal light pulses. Sex differences in circadian parameters and phase shifting responses were also observed. Cryptochrome-deficient mice showed subtle changes in activity under light/dark conditions and were arrhythmic under constant dark, as expected. Our results show the suitability of the DVC system for circadian behavioural screens, accurately detecting circadian period, circadian disruption, phase shifts and mice with clock defects. We provide an evaluation of the strengths and limitations of this method, highlighting how the use of the DVC for studying circadian rhythms depends upon the research requirements of the end user.
Chemical- and photo-activation of protein-protein thiol-ene coupling for protein profiling
Authors: Campaniҫo André , Baran Marcin , Bowie Andrew G. , Longley Daniel B. , Harrison Timothy , McGouran Joanna F.
Published: January 2025

The thiol-ene reaction between an alkene and a thiol can be exploited for selective labelling of cysteine residues in protein profiling applications. Here, we explore thiol-ene activation in systems from chemical models to complex cellular milieus, using UV, visible wavelength and redox initiators. Initial studies in chemical models required an oxygen-free environment for efficient coupling and showed very poor activation when using a redox initiator. When thiol-ene activation was performed in protein and cell lysate models, all three initiation methods were successful. Faster thiol-ene reaction was observed as the cysteine and alkene were brought into proximity by a binding event prior to activation, leading to quicker adduct formation in the protein model system than the chemical models. Furthermore, in the protein-protein coupling, none of the activators required an oxygen-free environment. Taken together, these observations demonstrate the broad potential for thiol-ene coupling to be used in protein profiling.
Spatially resolved transcriptomics and graph-based deep learning improve accuracy of routine CNS tumor diagnostics
Authors: Ritter Michael , Blume Christina , Tang Yiheng , Patel Areeba , Patel Bhuvic , Berghaus Natalie , Kada Benotmane Jasim , Kueckelhaus Jan , Yabo Yahaya , Zhang Junyi , Grabis Elena , Villa Giulia , Zimmer David Niklas , Khriesh Amir , Sievers Philipp , Seferbekova Zaira , Hinz Felix , Ravi Vidhya M. , Seiz-Rosenhagen Marcel , Ratliff Miriam , Herold-Mende Christel , Schnell Oliver , Beck Juergen , Wick Wolfgang , von Deimling Andreas , Gerstung Moritz , Heiland Dieter Henrik , Sahm Felix
Published: January 2025

The diagnostic landscape of brain tumors integrates comprehensive molecular markers alongside traditional histopathological evaluation. DNA methylation and next-generation sequencing (NGS) have become a cornerstone in central nervous system (CNS) tumor classification. A limiting requirement for NGS and methylation profiling is sufficient DNA quality and quantity, which restrict its feasibility. Here we demonstrate NePSTA (neuropathology spatial transcriptomic analysis) for comprehensive morphological and molecular neuropathological diagnostics from single 5-µm tissue sections. NePSTA uses spatial transcriptomics with graph neural networks for automated histological and molecular evaluations. Trained and evaluated across 130 participants with CNS malignancies and healthy donors across four medical centers, NePSTA predicts tissue histology and methylation-based subclasses with high accuracy. We demonstrate the ability to reconstruct immunohistochemistry and genotype profiling on tissue with minimal requirements, inadequate for conventional molecular diagnostics, demonstrating the potential to enhance tumor subtype identification with implications for fast and precise diagnostic workup.
Warning people that they are being microtargeted fails to eliminate persuasive advantage
Authors: Carrella Fabio , Simchon Almog , Edwards Matthew , Lewandowsky Stephan
Published: January 2025

The practice of microtargeting in politics, involving tailoring persuasive messages to individuals based on personal vulnerabilities, has raised manipulation concerns. As microtargeting’s persuasive benefits are well-established and its use facilitated by AI tools and personality-inference models, ethical and regulatory concerns are magnified. Here, we explore countering microtargeting effects by creating a warning signal deployed when users encounter personality-tailored political ads. Three studies evaluated the effectiveness of warning “popups” against potential microtargeting by comparing persuasiveness of targeted vs. non-targeted messages with and without popups. Using within subject-designs, Studies 1 (N = 666), 2a (N = 432), and 2b (N = 669) reveal a targeting effect, with targeted ads deemed more persuasive than non-targeted ones. More important, the presence of a warning popup had no meaningful impact on persuasiveness. Overall, across the three studies, personality-targeted ads were significantly more persuasive than non-targeted ones, and this advantage persisted despite warnings. Given the focus on transparency in initiatives like the EU’s AI Act, our finding that warnings have little effect has potential policy implications.
Non-rechargeable batteries: a review of primary battery technology and future trends
Authors: Thakur Jahanvi , Phogat Peeyush , Shreya  , Jha Ranjana , Singh Sukhvir
Published: January 2025

Primary batteries, or non-rechargeable batteries, are crucial for powering a diverse range of low-drain applications, from household items to specialized devices in medical and aerospace industries.
Models and simulations of structural DNA nanotechnology reveal fundamental principles of self-assembly
Authors: Cumberworth Alexander , Reinhardt Aleks
Published: January 2025

We explore how simulations and modelling help us to learn about the fundamental principles of DNA self-assembly; we highlight key concepts such as cooperativity and nucleation and show how they can be harnessed to improve the self-assembly process.
In situ remediation of eutrophic Wolong Lake sediments using novel PVA-SA-biochar and PVA-SA-zeolite embedded immobilized indigenous microorganisms: a pilot study
Authors: Zhou Dongxu , Tabassum Salma , Li Jun , Altundag Hüseyin
Published: January 2025

Sediment restoration has become a key link in river and lake pollution control.
Efficient oxidative coupling of amines to imines under natural sunlight using a benzothiadiazole-based molecular photocatalyst
Authors: Singh Ajeet , Das Bidisa , Ray Saumi
Published: January 2025

A donor–acceptor-type small organic molecular photocatalyst (SOMP) with benzothiadiazole is utilized for oxidative coupling of amines to imines which under natural sunlight converts >99% amine with >98% selectivity within 2 hours.
A reduction-responsive self-reporting fluorescent prodrug for real-time monitoring of 5-ASA release
Authors: Wang Yuan , Chen Yingjie , Wang Wenchao , Yang Ruhui , Gao Yuhan , Liu Yanlong , Tang Sicheng
Published: January 2025

A reduction-responsive fluorescent prodrug was developed by linking 5-aminosalicylic acid with naphthalimide via an azo bond, enabling real-time monitoring of drug release through fluorescence activation.
Novel polymer gel electrolytes comprising montmorillonite embedded in sodium alginate and their electrochemical performance for future lead acid batteries
Authors: Chikkatti Bipin S. , Sajjan Ashok M. , Banapurmath Nagaraj R. , Ayachit Narasimha H. , Jazaa Yosef , Yunus Khan T. M. , Umarfarooq M. A.
Published: January 2025

The current work is motivated by the rising applications of value-regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries.
NH2-MIL-125(Ti) and its functional nanomaterials – a versatile platform in the photocatalytic arena
Authors: Priyadarshini Priyanka , Mishra Anshumika , Nayak Susanginee , Parida Kulamani
Published: January 2025

Versatile photocatalytic applications of NH2-MIL-125(Ti) and its functional nanomaterials.
Peptide-derived gold nanoparticles as a promising delivery system for Src targeting siRNA in breast cancer cells
Authors: Suryakanta Uday , Panigrahi Bijayananda , Pal Sumana , Das Swatilekha , Biswas Soumyadeep , Mandal Dindyal
Published: January 2025

Gold nanoparticles were efficiently synthesized using linear peptides consisting of Trp & Arg residues, where (W4R4)-capped AuNPs exhibited efficient siRNA internalization, and Src protein silencing in MCF-7 cells.
Chatbot-assisted quantum chemistry for explicitly solvated molecules
Authors: Gadde Rohit S. K. , Devaguptam Sreelaya , Ren Fangning , Mittal Rajat , Dong Lechen , Wang Yao , Liu Fang
Published: January 2025

Virtual agents and cloud computing have enabled chemists to easily access automated simulations of explicitly solvated molecules.
Intramolecular charge transfer assisted multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters for high-performance solution-processed narrowband OLEDs
Authors: Yang Zhi , Li Shengyu , Hua Lei , Ying Shian , Liu Yuchao , Ren Zhongjie , Yan Shouke
Published: January 2025

Intramolecular charge transfer assisted multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters are constructed by grafting donor–acceptor-type moieties as pendant on a multi-resonance core for sensitizer-free solution-processed OLEDs.
Nanostar self-assemblies of spherical nanoparticles inside lipid vesicles
Authors: Zhu Yu , Sharma Abash , Spangler Eric J. , Laradji Mohamed
Published: January 2025

At moderate adhesion strength, nanoparticles (NPs) adhering to the inner side of a lipid vesicle self-assemble into highly ordered two-dimensional star-like nanoclusters with a number of arms determined by the number of NPs inside the vesicle.
Soft and tough cellulose nanocrystals interlocked with polyacrylate-bearing cyanobiphenyl ionogels through a double network strategy
Authors: Njenga Patrick K. , Masese Francis K. , Ndaya Dennis M. , Morales-Acosta M. Daniela , Eddy Nicholas , Kasi Rajeswari M.
Published: January 2025

Double network gels from interlocking and conjugating cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and liquid crystalline polyacrylate copolymers are discussed.
Theoretical investigation of a C2N monolayer as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for rechargeable non-aqueous Li–air batteries
Authors: Das Priya , Ghosh Atish , Goswami Biplab , Sarkar Pranab
Published: January 2025

Our work provides a detailed mechanistic pathway for the oxygen reduction reaction during the discharging process and the potentiality of a C2N monolayer as the cathode catalyst in non-aqueous Li–air batteries.
Multifunctional metal–phenolic nanoparticles with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects for osteomyelitis management
Authors: Hu Qinsheng , Wu Chengcheng , Wang Ling , Cao Dan , Wang Junchao , Du Yangrui , Liu Miao , Li Kaijun
Published: January 2025

Zn2+–phenolic nanoparticles are prepared by the self-assembly of Zn2+, EPL, and QU. This innovative strategy for the simultaneous delivery of transition metals ions and polyphenols may open up a new way to effectively treat osteomyelitis in vivo.
Design and synthesis of fluorescent-dye-labeled nucleotide with a new cleavable azo linker for DNA sequencing by synthesis
Authors: Tang Bo-Wei , Wang Ping-Yang , Shen Yu-Mei
Published: January 2025

Synthesis and evaluations of a novel reversible terminator consisting of a Cy3-labeled deoxyuridine triphosphate with an azo linker.
Correction: Rare-earth doped hexagonal NaYbF4 nanoprobes with size-controlled and NIR-II emission for multifunctional applications
Authors: Min Yu , Ding Xin , Yu Bing , Cong Hailin , Shen Youqing
Published: January 2025

Correction for ‘Rare-earth doped hexagonal NaYbF4 nanoprobes with size-controlled and NIR-II emission for multifunctional applications’ by Yu Min et al., React. Chem. Eng., 2023, 8, 2258–2269, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RE00168G.
Auditory Global–Local Processing Under Tonal Language Background: Effect of Attention and Autistic Traits
Authors: Chen Yu , Wang Ting , Tang Enze , Ding Hongwei
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

Neurotypical individuals show a robust “global precedence effect (GPE)” when processing hierarchically structured visual information. However, the auditory domain remains understudied. The current research serves to fill the knowledge gap on auditory global–local processing across the broader autism phenotype under the tonal language background.

Method:

This study examined auditory global–local processing styles in 37 Mandarin-speaking young adults (age:
M
= 20.35,
SD
= 2.32; 19 males) with varying autistic traits. The participants were required to judge global and local pitch structures in nine-tone melodies with both congruent and incongruent conditions under both directed attention and divided attention modes.

Results:

We found that GPE persisted independent of the attention modes during hierarchical processing. Autistic traits were among the potential contributors that reshaped GPE in auditory global–local processing under a tonal language background.

Conclusions:

Our study provides an initial investigation into auditory global–local processing among Mandarin-speaking individuals across a range of autistic traits, revealing the presence of the GPE effect during hierarchical pitch structure processing. The advantage of global processing versus local processing expanded with increasing autistic traits, providing further support for the notion that auditory global processing may remain intact in autism and the broader phenotype. We highlight that GPE is a process of coarse-to-fine integration of sensory perception and cognitive feedback iteration, which both top-down and bottom-up processes wield influence on. These findings have implications for the study of atypical auditory processing in autism and may help to refine the early diagnosis and auditory-based intervention for autism.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28114118
A new method for determining the onset times of solar energetic particles and their uncertainties: Poisson-CUSUM bootstrap hybrid method
Authors: Palmroos C. , Dresing N. , Gieseler J. , Gutiérrez C. P. , Vainio R.
Published: January 2025

Context. Solar energetic particle (SEP) events are a type of space weather phenomena in which highly energetic charged particles are released from the Sun into interplanetary space by violent and eruptive phenomena, such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections. In order to assess the origin of SEPs, an accurate timing of their arrival at spacecraft is of utmost importance. Several methods for determining the starting time of an SEP event at an observer exist, but the uncertainty of this starting time is not assessed in a systematic way by the vast majority of studies.

Aims. Employing a newly developed hybrid method of Poisson-CUSUM combined with bootstrapping, we show that the uncertainty related to the onset of an event in any particular energy range is often more than the mere time resolution of the measuring apparatus, and furthermore, it is not necessarily symmetric with respect to the past and future of the determined onset. In addition, we provide a software tool to the scientific community that applies the presented method and automates the determination of SEP event onset times and their related uncertainties, and it finally allows one to easily perform a velocity dispersion analysis.

Methods. By applying the Poisson-CUSUM method coupled with statistical bootstrapping to SEP event observations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the method on synthetic and real data, and we compare them to an analysis conducted using a classical approach in which the uncertainty is assumed based on the time resolution of the data.

Results. In the example case, the inferred SEP path length and injection time related to the event, acquired by the velocity dispersion analysis, differ from what is obtained without properly assessing the uncertainty related to the onset times in varying energies. We also present the software package, PyOnset, that automates many steps of the method along with providing powerful data-visualization methods and analysis tools. We release the code to the scientific community as open-source software.