bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gyula Hajnóczi, the Instructor and Teacher
Authors: Istvánfi Gyula
Published: October 2020

On the centenary of Gyula Hajnóczi’s birth, we commemorate the architect, the archaeologist, the teacher, the writer, the scientist, as well as the man and our colleague in the framework of a conference. This time, in memory of the teacher of architecture history and our colleague at the department, his teachers are introduced from the time of the start of his career, from life and regime changing times. Hajnóczi’s specialization, i.e. choosing the history of ancient architecture, took a definite direction from the very beginning of his practice. In addition to his certification in architecture, he soon obtained his diploma in archaeology, then achieved scientific titles and professional results. As an instructor, he conveyed the introductory knowledge of the architect profession, architectural drawing, and the history of the profession to the students on the basis of well-developed principles, performed in various ways. He followed the stages of architectural survey, technical drawing and graphic elaboration. His lectures on ancient architecture – Prehistoric Asia, Egypt, Hellas, Rome – were always performed according to an elaborated system, in a logical structure and always in an enjoyable form. His maxim was that architecture was the science of continuous building.

Hajnóczi Gyula születésének századik évfordulójára konferencia keretében emlékezünk az építészre, a régészre, a tanárra, a szakíróra, a tudósra, illetve az emberre, a kollégára. Ezúttal az építészettörténet tanárára, a tanszéki munkatársra emlékezve felvázoljuk az ő tanárainak sorát pályakezdésének idejéből, a sors és rendszerfordító időkből. Szaktudománya, az ókori építészettörténet választása határozott irányt vett már működése elején. Építészmérnöki oklevele mellé hamar megszerezte a régészdiplomát, a tudományos címeket és a szakírói eredményeket. Oktatóként az építész szakma elejét, az építészeti rajztudást és a szakmatörténetet kidolgozott elvek alapján és változatosan közvetítette a hallgatók felé, az építé szeti felmérés, a szerkesztés és a rajzi kidolgozás lépcsői szerint. Az ókori építészetről szóló – Elő Ázsia, Egyiptom, Hellasz, Róma – előadásai mindig egy kidolgozott rendszer szerint, logikus szerkezetben és mindig élvezhető formában hangzottak el. Alapelve volt, hogy az építészet a tovább építés tudománya.
Distance and Presence
Authors: Pazár Béla
Published: October 2020

When are we somewhere and when are we not? When is it “here”, when is “now” and when is it not? In everyday life, this question can usually have a clear answer. But we all know the state of mind – if not from elsewhere, then from school – when we are physically present somewhere, but in fact our minds are elsewhere we are in a completely different place in spirit, being busy with something else. We can barely remember what happened in the classroom, later we are left with only what caught our attention at that time, what we were really busy with at the time. One might think that in architecture it may not even be worth addressing this issue, the situation seems so clear: here is a definite place with specific geometric features and history, shaped and formed by the mysterious “genius loci”, and now is our age, the present in which we live. According to the common opinion today, good architecture expresses its own age and its own time, catching the spirit of the place. However, it is enough to think only of the Gothic cathedrals to see the very partial validity of this view. In cathedrals, the purpose of the now and here is exactly to serve, display, illustrate the time and place of the not-now and not-here.

Mikor vagyunk valahol, és mikor nem? Mikor van itt, mikor van most és mikor nem? A mindennapi életben e kérdésre általában egyértelműen válaszolunk. De mindnyájan ismerjük azt a lelkiállapotot – ha máshonnan nem, hát az iskolából –, amikor fizikailag valahol vagyunk, de valójában egészen máson jár az eszünk, lélekben egészen máshol vagyunk, mással vagyunk elfoglalva. Alig emlékszünk arra, hogy mi történt ott akkor az órán, később csak az marad meg bennünk, ami akkor figyelmünket lekötötte, ami akkor valójában foglalkoztatott. Azt gondolhatnánk, hogy az építészetben talán nem is érdemes foglalkozni ezzel a kérdéssel, olyan egyértelműnek látszik a helyzet: az itt, egy meghatározott hely sajátos geometriai tulajdonságokkal és történelemmel, amelyet a titokzatos „genius loci” alakít, formál, a most pedig a mi korunk, a jelen, amelyben élünk. Mai általánosan elterjedt vélekedésünk szerint a jó építészet a hely szellemét megérezve saját korát, saját idejét fejezi ki. Elég azonban csupán a gótikus katedrálisokra gondolnunk ahhoz, hogy belássuk e vélekedés nagyon is részleges érvényességét. A katedrálisokban a most és itt célja éppenséggel a nem most és a nem itt idejének és helyének szolgálata, megjelenítése, szemléltetése.
The potential role of aid in escaping the middle-income trap
Authors: Acheampong Timothy Yaw , Udvari Beáta
Published: October 2020

Recently, the middle-income trap (MIT) has gained considerable attention – besides European countries, several African, Asian, and Latin-American developing countries are also affected. Many countries have remained in the middle-income bracket for decades, whilst only a few have advanced to high-income status. Felipe et al. in 2012 showed that an annual growth rate of at least 3.5 and 4.7% sustained for a period of 14 and 28 years is required respectively for upper-middle-income and lower-middle-income countries to escape the MIT. Economic growth is influenced by several factors including foreign aid received. Thus, in this study, we aim to answer the question of how aid affects economic growth in middle-income countries and whether aid may contribute to escaping the MIT. Focusing on the countries that have remained in the middle-income group between 1990 and 2017, our analysis confirms that aid contributes to economic growth; however, the impact is positive in the upper-middle-income countries and negative in the lower-middle-income countries. Aid is therefore, likely to be more effective in helping the upper-middle income countries to escape the MIT but not the lower-middle income countries.
Development of Authenticated Key Exchange Protocol for IoT Sensor Layer
Authors:   School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung, Indonesia, Bandung Yoanes , Arvandy Arvandy ,   School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung, Indonesia
Published: October 2020

An authenticated key exchange for the Internet of Things (IoT) sensor layer is discussed in this paper. This paper presents an enhanced key exchange protocol to provide an authentication scheme and data confidentiality for IoT sensor layer. In our approach, we incorporate an identity-based authentication scheme into the existing key exchange protocol based on Elliptic Curve Diffie Hellman (ECDH). We utilize two communication channels for the process, main channel and auxiliary channel. The main channel is used to exchange key and sensor data and the auxiliary channel is used to exchange the identity information prior to the key exchange process. To provide the data confidentiality, AES encryption algorithm is implemented with a key derived from shared secret key to ensure the Perfect Forward Secrecy. For the evaluations, there are four parameters that are evaluated: the protocol resistance, formal verification of protocol, the protocol security, and performance testing. The protocol resistance was evaluated using security analysis against common security threats on IoT sensor layer. The formal verification of the proposed protocol was evaluated using Scyther, and the protocol security was evaluated using attack scenarios (i.e., authentication and sniffing attack) to prove the authentication and confidentiality. The performance testing was conducted to measure time complexity and memory complexity of the protocol. The experiment results show that the proposed protocol is able to provide an authentication mechanism, data confidentiality, and resilience against common security threats at IoT sensor layers.
Optimal Placement and Sizing of DG considering Power and Energy Loss Minimization in Distribution System
Authors:   Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology Agartala Agartala, India, Pal Arnab , Chakraborty Ajoy Kumar ,   Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology Agartala Agartala, India, Bhowmik Arup Ratan ,   Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology Agartala Agartala, India
Published: October 2020

Optimal placement of Distributed Generation (DG) in the distribution network is a significant solution to resolve the power loss issue. Selection of the optimal locations and sizes of the DG is a practical problem and challenging job to achieve the minimum loss. In this work, the optimal location and appropriate size of the DGs have been found out to minimize the total active power loss of the distribution system with less penetration level of the DG considering of 24 hours duration. A modified search algorithm has been proposed in this paper which is capable to obtain the best solutions. Moreover, several reputed soft computing techniques have been applied to solve the problem and validate the optimal results. Technical aspects like energy losses have been minimized instead of power loss and practical factors like hourly basis solar output, wind generation and load variation have been considered to make this work more realistic. The solution techniques have been tested on the IEEE 33, IEEE 69 and 118 radial distribution test bus systems and results have been compared with recent literature. The quality of the results establishes the efficiency of the proposed modified algorithm to solve the optimal location and sizing problem with the effect of PV and wind power variation along with the variable load.
Critical Elements Based Optimal PMU Placement Considering Substation Coverage
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Dept. of EEE, CBIT Hyderabad, INDIA, BABU N. V. Phanendra , BABU P. Suresh ,   Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, NIT Warangal, INDIA, SARMA D. V. S. S. Siva ,   Professor, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, NIT Warangal, INDIA
Published: October 2020

The Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is becoming the most prominent tool for power system applications like power system operation, control, and protection. In a robust and accurate wide-area measuring system, the PMU should observe not only the elements in its substation but also the critical elements and its incident busses. As the PMU cost limits their deployment, they must be installed optimally considering the substation installation and the critical lines in the power system. This paper introduces a new Optimal PMU Placement algorithm considering the optimal substations and the critical elements. This has been done based on the assumption that there must be a PMU in each constructed substation (optimal substation). This will assure the observability of all the elements in the substation. The proposed method has been tested on some standard test systems and then applied to a practical regional Indian grid.
Mental Stress Detection via Heart Rate Variability using Machine Learning
Authors:   Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Hantono Bimo Sunarfri , Nugroho Lukito Edi ,   Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Santosa Paulus Insap ,   Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: October 2020

Mental stress is an undesirable condition for everyone. Increased stress can cause many problems, such as depression, heart attacks, and strokes. Psychophysiological conditions possible use as a reference to a person’s mental state of stress. The development of mobile device technology, along with the accompanying sensors, can be used to measure the psychophysiological condition of its users. Heart rate allows measured from the photoplethysmography signal utilizing a smartphone or smartwatch. The heart rate variability is currently one of the most studied methods for assessing mental stress. Our objective is to analyze stress levels on the subjects when performing tasks on the smartphone. This study involved 41 students as respondents. Their heart rate was recorded using a smartphone while they were doing the n-back tasks. The n-back task is one of the performance tasks used to measure working memory and working memory capacity. In this study, the n-back task was also used as a stressor. The heart rate dataset and n-back task results are then processed and analyzed using machine learning to determine stress levels. Compared with three other algorithms (neural network, discriminant analysis, and naïve Bayes), the k-nearest neighbor algorithm is most appropriate to use in the classification of time and frequency domain analysis.
Nuclei isolation of snap-frozen and cryopreserved ventricles at embryonic day 8.0 - 9.5 for massive single-nuclei RNAseq v1
Authors: Thi Hai Yen Tran not provided
Published: October 2020

A primitive ventricle at embryonic day 8.0 - 9.5 composes of approximately a thousand cells. This protocol describes a pipeline to pool multiple snap-frozen or cryopreserved ventricles and isolate a large number of nuclei for single-nuclei RNAseq. This protocol allows to profile 8,000 - 10,000 single nuclei of ventricles at embryonic day 8.0 - 9.5.
A nova ofensiva ao sistema previdenciário brasileiro: um paralelo com o modelo privatista chileno
Authors: Portella André Alves , Nascimento de Souza Bruno Calil
Published: October 2020

O presente estudo visa realizar uma análise crítica da proposta de reforma previdenciária aprovada pelo congresso brasileiro. Inicia com o estudo do modelo de financiamento da Previdência Social chilena, em meio ao contexto histórico, político, social e econômico em que o mesmo foi estruturado, com vistas a toma-lo como referência às propostas existentes na atualidade brasileira. A abordagem tem enfoque no sistema de financiamento pautado na capitalização individual adotada naquele país, e nos resultados obtidos com a privatização, tanto no que se refere ao aspecto da sustentabilidade econômico-financeira, como no tocante aos impactos sobre garantias individuais e direitos sociais. Quanto ao sistema de financiamento brasileiro, procede-se à análise do modelo de repartição da previdência, dos princípios constitucionais estruturantes desse sistema e das reformas ocorridas ao longo do período democrático, para após comparar ambos os regimes a partir da realidade demográfica, sempre em perspectiva crítica. Por fim, a proposta de reforma previdenciária aprovada pelo governo brasileiro será analisada, em especial a sua premissa, qual seja, a do suposto déficit.
Regime jurídico e políticas públicas de águas no direito internacional e brasileiro: rumo a estatuto privilegiado?
Authors: Ponzilacqua Marcio Henrique Pereira , Sacilotto Leonardo Mattoso
Published: October 2020

No presente trabalho, abordam-se os desafios de se estabelecer regime jurídico peculiar e privilegiado para as águas, no plano do direito internacional e brasileiro, em perspectiva sociojurídica. No plano internacional, discutem-se o direito internacional das águas transfronteiriças e a declaração da água como um direito humano; no nacional, além de caracterizar o direito vigente, pretende-se distinguir os principais obstáculos para a concretização de um estatuto privilegiado para as águas. Busca-se demonstrar a necessidade de se traduzir a anterioridade existencial da água e seu caráter essencial em termos normativos e de políticas públicas, a fim de que estes correspondam à fundamentalidade ecossistêmica da água, o que hoje ainda não ocorre. A metodologia empregada consiste na análise sociojurídica dos instrumentos normativos e das políticas públicas respectivas sob a perspectiva da complexidade e das vulnerabilidades socioambientais. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de fortalecimento e incremento normativo e interpretativo do regime jurídico das águas e das políticas públicas conexas com base em prática locais ou globais inovadoras, cooperativas e consistentes sob o prisma jurídico e socioambiental.
Trends in Bacterial Skin Infections and their Antibiotic
Susceptibility in Korea: a 13-year Single-center Study
Authors: Jeong Jong Heon , Lee Ji Young , Lee Seung Ho , Lee Ai-Young , Hong Jong Soo
Published: October 2020

Background: The kinds and identification rates of major bacteria causing bacterial skin infections have changed steadily over time. Although studies of the causative pathogen changes over time have been reported worldwide, no follow-up studies of bacterial skin infections have been conducted in Korea since 2009.

Objective: To investigate the changes in the identification rate and antibiotic susceptibility of causative pathogens of bacterial skin infections, especially S. aureus, over time in Korea.

Methods: This study was conducted in outpatient clinics in 2006, 2009, 2012, 2015, and 2018, in which the data on age, sex, identification of bacteria, and susceptibility to antibiotics were retrospectively analyzed.

Results: Of the 350 cases, except for suspected normal flora, 213 (60.9%) were positive for S. aureus, accounting for the highest percentage, followed by 22 (6.3%) for P. aeruginosa, 7 (2%) for Serratia marcescens, and 6 (1.7%) for Bacillus species, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus lugdunensis. The identification rate of methicillinresistant S. aureus (MRSA) increased from 2009 to 2015 and then decreased in 2018.

Conclusion: The proportion of MRSA gradually increased from 2006 to 2015 but suddenly reversed in 2018, possibly due to improved education for infection prevention or changes in the virulence of the circulating strains of MRSA. Also, based on our findings, MRSA is currently susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and vancomycin.
Teaching human anatomy without cadavers: Indian scenario in 2020
Authors: Mohanty Aroop , Charmode Sundip , Kumar Subodh , Mishra Vivek
Published: October 2020

Human anatomy is learned through cadaveric dissection invariably in all medical colleges of India. The scarcity of cadavers for academic purpose exists almost in all the states of India. Deep routed misconceptions need to be eradicated which is possible through socio-economic and cognitive development of the population. Police department are no longer reliable source of cadavers. NGO’s, body donation societies, charitable trust, regional local bodies, etc. are working towards creating awareness with little success. Requisite and pertinent revision in policies of state government is needed to integrate body donation concept in public health services. This article reviews the existing situation of cadaver availability and struggle in procurement of cadavers in several regions of India. The article also presents the various challenges both financial and administrative in the procurement of cadavers in India.
Comparative histological study of fallopian tube in pre and post-menopausal women in tertiary care center of Bihar: An observational and prospective study
Authors: Kumar Binod , Alam Javed , Akhtar Md Jawed , Sinha Rajiv Ranjan , Kumar Avanish
Published: October 2020

Infertility an on-going reproductive problem and tubal pathologies are considered as leading causes. Ectopic pregnancy (tubal), salpingitis, genital tuberculosis are serious and very common fallopian tubal pathologies in women of reproductive age group which incidence have been increased in past few decades. Better understanding of fallopian tube anatomy, physiology, function and sperm epithelial interaction is a necessity and also nature of epidemiology and histological pattern is important.

Observational and prospective study done on randomly selected 150 females either pre-menopause and post-menopause. Their fallopian tubes as specimen were collected with greatest care and precautions either from Obstetrics & Gynaecology or Pathology Department of IGIMS, Patna. Samples were processed in Histology section of the Department of Anatomy, IGIMS, Patna. The slides were studied under the compound microscope. Data collected from this study was presented in tabular form. Statistical analysis was done using Microsoft Excel Software.

Patients were mostly reproductive age group, 26-30 years (26%) and 31-35 years (20.6%) and most of them had completed their family and desired to have contraception mostly tubal ligation. 40 years and above age group patients had menopause and were mostly complaint of dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Samples received by hysterectomy with B/L Salpingo-oophorectomy (43.3%), B/L tube ligation with caesarean section (43.3%), U/L Salpingo-oophorectomy (7.3%), B/L tube ligation (6%). In most of these cases the fallopian tubes were normal. In pre-menopausal patients most of the samples were obtained during pregnancy (63.02%) because caesarean section with or without tube ligation was very common. Followed to interval phase (21.70%) of menstrual cycle because it was the most preferred stage for any planned gynaecological surgery. 11 Premenopausal women while 6 post-menopausal women gave the history of I.U.C.D use during their reproductive years. Patients with past history of oral contraceptives and those with present history of its use in both young and old women.

This study concluded that the histology of fallopian tube was normal and the results were consistent with previous similar studies. Histological examination of fallopian tube was normal despite of any past history of IUCD or OCP use or different phases or cyclical changes of menstrual cycle in pre-menopausal women.
Persistent carotico-vertebrobasilar anastomosis: Our experience
Authors: Mahata Manoj Kumar , Jaluka Dinesh
Published: October 2020

Persistent carotico-vertebrobasilar arteries are rare kind of primitive anastomoses between carotid and vertebrobasilar system. They may persist after birth or into adult life in some cases.

To appreciate the embryological aspects and associate ourselves with important contributors in this aspect from our clinical practice.

Aretrospective analysis of 87 diagnostic DSA performed since December 2017–May 2018 in cardiac catheterization laboratory.

We found persistent carotico-vertebrobasilar arteries in six cases.

: though persistent carotico-vertebrobasilar anastomoses are rare, sound knowledge and idea should be there to interpret cerebral angiography.
A cadaveric study of variations in the origin and cervical part of internal carotid artery
Authors: Mathew Deena Sara
Published: October 2020

The Internal carotid artery (ICA) is one of the branches arising from the Common carotid artery. A study of variability in the origin and course of the cervical part of the ICA is clinically important for vascular surgeons in performing certain stenting procedures.

The present study was conducted to study the variations in the origin and course of the cervical part of the ICA by cadaveric dissection method.

A cadaveric study was conducted on fifty, formalin fixed head and neck specimens in the department of Anatomy, Pushpagiri Institute of medical sciences and research centre, Tiruvalla, Kerala, India. The pattern of origin, course of the cervical part of ICA were dissected and variations, if any, were noted.

Internal carotid artery originated from the Common carotid artery in 100% of the specimens. High origin of the ICA (38%) was the commonest variation in the origin observed with a higher incidence on the right side. The commonest variations in the cervical part were kinks (32%) with a higher frequency on the left side and aneurysms (4%) with equal distribution on both sides.

Anomalous origin and course of ICA may damage the vessel while performing certain surgical procedures like stenting. Thus sound knowledge of the variations in the origin and course of the vessel is essential for general and vascular surgeons in performing surgical procedures without unnecessary complications.
Estimation of stature based on hand length among students of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Jahan Nusrat , Khan Abeer Zubair , Haque Mahboobul
Published: October 2020

Stature is one of the most useful anthropometric parameters which can be used to determine the identity of an individual. Stature and measurements of various body parts have become useful in forensic medicine and medico-legal cases to identify bodies that may have been destroyed in mass disasters like plane crashes, blasts and accidents etc.

The aim of this study was to determine anthropometric values for stature and hand length in Uttar Pradesh population and to estimate height from hand length with the help of a regression equation formula.

The present study was conducted on a sample of 400 students of Integral University (200 males and 200 females). Hand length (right and left) was measured and height was also recorded.

In this study a significant and positive correlation was found between stature, right and left-hand length in males and females.

In the present study, we concluded that the mean stature of males was higher than females and using regression equation accurate stature can be calculated from hand length.
A study on morphometric dimensions of tibial condyles in Indian population
Authors: Gayathri Uma Pandalai , Bamne Avantika
Published: October 2020

Knee joint is the largest and complex joint in the body which helps in weight bearing and locomotion. It is subjected to degenerative changes like osteoarthritis, Knee injuries and trauma. Present study is proposed to access measurements of upper end of tibia. These morphometric parameters can be useful to guide the treatment in procedures of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty.

Present study was conducted in Index Medical College, Department of anatomy, Indore, Madhya Pradesh. Different parameters of 62 human dried tibiae [31 right and 31 left] measured are anteroposterior [AP] and tranverse diameter [TD] of medial condyle, lateral condyle and total tibial condyle.

In present study, mean values of anteroposterior and transverse diameters of medial condyle, lateral condyle and total tibial condyle were found to be slightly greater on left side than that of right side. Furthermore AP diameter of medial condyle were found to be greater than that of lateral condyle on both sides and TD of medial found to be lesser than that of lateral on both sides.

Results of this study will be helpful for orthopedicians to design appropriate size of knee prosthesis in knee arthroplasty also useful for forensic experts, anthropologist and anatomist.
Sacral index and its clinical importance in human dry sacral bones - Morphometric study
Authors: Lokanadham Sadhu , Sake Babu Rao , Vani G Geetha
Published: October 2020

Sacral Index is the most important parameter in assessing the sexual dimorphism.

A total of 42 dry adult human sacral bones of known sex (19 – female sacra; 23-male sacra) collected from Anatomy Department, Santhiram Medical College, Nandyal. The sacral length measured from the promontory to the middle of antero-inferior margin of last sacral vertebra. The sacral breadth measured from the lateral most points of ale of sacrum. The sacral index (SI) is calculated and statistically analyzed.

We noted the mean sacral index 101.142+2.148 in male sacra, and 103.668+2.271 in female sacra with significantly higher sacral index in female sacra than male sacra in the present study.

Our study acknowledges the importance of sacral index and its significance can be useful in sexual dimorphism.
Immobilization of bile acid enzymes onto activated amino-ethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol membranes
Authors: Rani Kirti
Published: October 2020

Immobilization of bile acid enzymes named, 3-alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-α HSD) and lipoyl dehydrogenase (Diaphorase) enzymes was done on to activated polymeric membranes like amino-ethyl cellulose and Polyvinyl Alcohol. Immobilization of bile acid enzymes was done onto activated amino-ethyl cellulose by covalent coupling by using NaOH and glutaraldehyde. And, Immobilization of bile acid enzymes was done onto activated polyvinyl alcohol by using terephthaladehyde and 2-(m-aminophenyl)-1-3-dioxolane. Percent of enzyme coupled was found 65% and 60% for enzymes coupled onto activated amino-ethyl cellulose and activated polyvinyl alcohol respectively. Observed percent of analytical recovery for bile acid estimation was <98% for activated polymeric membrane bound bile acid enzymes. Improved % of retention activities were observed for activated polymeric membranes bound bile acid enzymes in our present method even after the regular use of more than 4 months (16 weeks) when preserved at 4 dgree C. Hence, our present method of immobilization of bile acid enzymes onto activated polymeric membranes were found to be more cost effective as compared to other reported enzyme based methods.
Variation in branching pattern of splenic artery and its surgical importance
Authors: Sangeetha V , Sundar G
Published: October 2020

Splenic artery commonly called as lineal artery being the largest branch of celiac trunk in adults and next largest to common hepatic artery in fetal life making tortuous course in stomach bed. The splenic artery show variations in it’s course and branching pattern frequently. The main aim of the study is to know the different branching pattern of splenic artery in relation to hilum of spleen for Anatomist, Radiologist and Surgeons. Such knowledge definitely help the radiologist while doing the color doppler flow imaging and also the surgeons in selecting the operative procedure thereby it minimize the vascular complications.

During routine dissection, 60 cadavers were dissected and the branching pattern of the splenic artery in relation to hilum of spleen was studied.

: Splenic artery shows following pattern of division, distributed pattern bundled pattern before entering the hilum of spleen and splenic artery enters the spleen without any division. In our study, distributed pattern was seen in 36 cases (60%), bundled type in 14 cases (23.3%) and without branching in remaining 10cases (16.7%).

The variation in the branching pattern of splenic artery is necessary for Anatomist useful in angiographic studies for radiologist and also for surgeons to minimise vascular complications during abdominal surgeries, spleen preservation procedure is possible distributed and bundled pattern of splenic artery.
Revisiting almost forgotten two ends of the central sulcus of cerebral hemisphere in brains of cadavers
Authors: Kumar Dharmendra , B Sinha Manisha , Panda Madhusmita , Mohapatra Chinmayi
Published: October 2020

: The central sulcus also known as Rolandic Fissure separates the sensory cortex in front from motor cortex behind. The central sulcus starts in or near the superomedial border of the cerebral hemisphere, and ends usually a little above the posterior ramus of the lateral sulcus. The central sulcus is the only sulcus that divides the brain at its superior surface. The objective of the present study was to analyse the various types of the central sulcus of cerebral hemisphere with respect to its two ends in the cadavers.

A total of 44 cadaveric brains (88 cerebral hemispheres) were studied. The variations at upper end of the central sulcus with respect to the superomedial border of the hemisphere and at its lower end with respect to the posterior ramus of the Sylvian fissure were noted.

At the upper end, we found three types of central sulcus – type 1= 68% (those cutting the border and extending on the medial surface), type 2= 23% (those just reaching the border but not reaching the medial surface) and type 3 =9% (those falling short of the border). At the lower end of the fissure, we observed two types of the central sulcus – type 2=83% (those falling short of the posterior ramus of the Sylvian fissure) and type 1=17% (those reaching the posterior ramus of the Sylvian fissure).

The variability in the morphology of the cortical gyri and sulci including size, shape and spatial pattern has been previously reported. Such variability raises methodological issues for functional brain mapping1 as well as for lesion localization in neurosurgical planning. This finding will be useful to anatomists, neurosurgeons, radiologists etc. Compared to Chinese population, the percentage of type 2 of the upper end was almost half in our study which represents central India population. Further clinical research is required by radiological examination of the two ends of the central sulcus to determine any association with functional anatomy as well as any correlation with various diseases of the brain.
Histological aspect of left atrial appendage (LAA) with special stain-masson’s trichome
Authors: Gadekar Savita , Pardhi Garima
Published: October 2020

: The left atrium possess a venous component, a vestibule and an appendage and shares the septum. The structure of the heart undergoes constant adaptation to physiologic changes in the organism. LAA is a major endocrine organ and is the main producer of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) in the human heart. Atrial cardiocytes of the mammalian heart contain granules which are morphologically similar to those in peptide secreting endocrine cells. The cardiocytes of LAA contain the greatest density of ANF granules found in Left Atrium and it is therefore of interest to carry out further studies on these granules.

Looking to the great clinical significance that is given to the morphology of LAA & its predilection as a site for thrombus formation, we’ve conducted a detailed study histologically of LAA. To investigate LAA and study the arrangement of muscle bundles of LAA histologically (with a special stain-Masson’trichome) and these findings were co-related with that described in the literature.

The materials for the present study were collected from the Department of Anatomy & Forensic medicine of Sri Aurobindo Medical College and Post Graduate Institute, Indore. Randomly five hearts were selected and slides of LAA from different sites (apex, inferior margin and atrio-auricular junction) were prepared by routine Histological Techniques and stained by Haematoxylin &eosin and Masson’s trichome(special stain)

This study of its histological features is an attempt to establish the cause of various pathologies related to arrythmias.
Turismo, Literatura e Tecnologias em Movimento
Authors: Allis Thiago , Fois-Braga Humberto , Moratori Patrick , Fraga Carla Conceição Lana
Published: October 2020

O objetivo deste ensaio é refletir e levantar questões sobre a interface entre turismo, literatura - como expressão de patrimônio cultural - e computação afetiva, partindo dos pressupostos de um paradigma ou giro das mobilidades. De um lado, é considerada a materialidade móvel do literário, como confluência entre duas matérias em movimento: o corpo humano e o corpo do texto, pensando especificamente com base na teoria da recepção literária e suas relações com os meios de transporte. Por outro lado, apartir das contribuições da computação afetiva, novas perguntas são lançadas, considerando a relevância do estudo das emoções e dos avanços computacionais para a temática. Por seu caráter ensaístico, o texto aporta contribuições da literatura nas áreas tratadas, além de indicar caminhos possíveis para estudos futuros.
Ressignificação de expressões culturais de etnicidade para a constituição de um destino de lazer e de turismo na cidade de São Paulo
Authors: Bastos Sênia Regina
Published: October 2020

Fundamentado nos referentes materiais e imateriais associados à imigração, o território no qual se encontram instituições culturais e religiosas, estabelecimentos comerciais e manifestações culturais de distintas etnias que ali se fixaram ao longo do tempo, foi objeto de um programa de orientalização instituído em 1974, e que perpetua desde então no bairro da Liberdade, localizado na cidade de São Paulo/SP. De natureza qualitativa com relação ao objetivo, o artigo centra-se na ressignificação do espaço e de expressões culturais de etnicidade. Propõe-se a historicizar o processo de adequação do bairro para o lazer e o turismo por meio de ajustes de representação das etnicidades e de sua paisagem cultural. Problematiza os ocultamentos e apagamentos desencadeados por esse processo, a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo, construída por meio da observação, realização de entrevistas e registros fotográficos. Constata-se a longevidade do programa protagonizado pelos japoneses, apesar da vitalidade econômica chinesa, e a reivindicação de narrativa do movimento negro, fortalecida com a aprovação da lei de criação do Memorial dos Aflitos. *O artigo apresenta resultados parciais do Projeto de Pesquisa Turismo e Legado Étnico, Projeto Universal CNPq  n. 431942/2016-1
Áreas naturais protegidas: uma reflexão sobre a patrimonialização da natureza pela sociedade ocidental
Authors: Cioffi Giovana , Raimundo Sidnei
Published: October 2020

A contemporaneidade vem sendo marcada por uma intensificação da pressão para acesso e uso de áreas protegidas, o que compromete o êxito das políticas de conservação ambiental. Nesse sentido, este trabalho buscou analisar o instrumento áreas protegidas dando foco a dois importantes conceitos que remontam ao processo conceitual e material dessas áreas - patrimônio e natureza - de maneira a entender paradigmas e noções que nortearam esse processo e contribuíram para a conjuntura conflituosa na qual se inserem. O trabalho se construiu a partir de uma revisão da literatura direcionada a buscar trabalhos que abordassem criticamente a evolução conceitual dos termos em questão e seus desdobramentos a partir do paradigma dominante que consolida a visão dualística entre natureza e sociedade. Foi observado que o processo de ativação patrimonial tem em sua essencialidade qualidades fortemente ligadas a hierarquia e posse, o que combinado a uma compreensão objetificadora sobre natureza, resultou em um instrumento conservacionista conflituoso, no qual dá-se muita atenção ao atributo que se pretende preservar e pouco às relações históricas-sociais que constituem essas áreas naturais.
Editorial V2n2
Authors: Barcelos Fernanda Tavares
Published: October 2020

Volume 2 Número 2
República colonial chilena 1929-1973. Escuela e invisibilización del mapun-kimun del pueblo nación mapuche
Authors: Mansilla Sepúlveda Juan
Published: October 2020

El objetivo del estudio es analizar las implicancias que ha tenido la consolidación del Estado de Chile en territorio mapuche post ocupación del wajmapu, evento en el que la escuela chilena ha sido un dispositivo de control determinante para establecer un régimen educativo monocultural que invisibilizó el mapun-kimun del pueblo mapuche. Originalidad:la idea de una república colonial en Chile no se encuentra desarrollada en la historia de la educación, en la que se reconstruyen los efectos de la violencia estatal en un marco de relaciones interculturales asimétricas. Método: es un trabajo de investigación cualitativa, con alcances descriptivos a través de un diseño de estudio documental que, empleando estrategias del trabajo con fuentes primarias y secundarias, permitió la revisión sistemática del corpus documental. Las conclusiones evidencian el reconocimiento del rol que cumplió la escuela para lograr la monoculturalidad e instalación de los saberes occidentales. No obstante, desde una historia cultural de largo plazo, la escuela como agencia estatal no logró su cometido, porque el mapun-kimun del pueblo estado mapuche sobrevivió a todos los dispositivos de control e intentos de sometimiento y hoy mantiene esa resistencia cultural en un Estado que sigue operando desde lógicas excluyentes de la diversidad étnica y lingüística.
Tarihsel Kaynaklar, Temsil ve Osmanlı Şehirleri: 937/1530 Tarihli Muhasebe-i Vilayet Defterleri’ni Dönemin Benzeri Kaynakları Arasında Konumlandırmak
Authors: UĞUR Yunus
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışma tüm imparatorluk coğrafyası ölçeğinde bir Osmanlı şehir tarih yazımını mümkün kılacak birinci el kaynak ihtiyacını ve biçimini ortaya koymaktadır. Örnek olarak bu çerçevede birinci el tarih kaynağı olan 937/1530 tarihli Muhasebe-i Vilayet defterlerini incelemektedir. Ancak bu birinci el kaynağın veri ve içerik analizini yapmak yerine onun, üretildiği dönemde benzer kaynaklar arasındaki konumu, kapsamı ve içeriği açısından dönemi için önemini tartışmaktadır. Çalışma bu istisnai tahririn dönemin kaynakları, coğrafi kapsamı ve verisi açısından neyi temsil ettiği üzerinde duracaktır. Defterlerin 1520-1540 döneminde mevcut olan diğer tahrir defterleri arasındaki konumu incelenecek, defterlerde zikredilen yerleşim yerlerinin dönemin bütün vilayet, liva ve kazalarının ne kadarını kapsadığına değinilecek ve bu defterlerin içerik olarak neyin bilgisini verdiği gibi sorulara cevap aranacaktır. Bu sorgulama sayesinde Muhasebe-i Vilayet Defterleri’nin, Osmanlı şehirlerine dair farklı kaynak türlerinden ya da bir kaynağın farklı dönemlerdeki serisinden istifade ederek tek tek yerleşim ünitelerine dair yapılan çalışmaların ötesine geçmek için uygun bir zemin oluşturup oluşturmadığı görülecektir. Yapılan değerlendirme bu kaynakların, imparatorluğun farklı coğrafyalarında yer alan o dönemin 10 vilayet, 108 liva, 586 kaza ve 670 nefs-i kaza/nahiye/karyeyi çalışmak için temsil edici kaynaklar olduğunu göstermiştir. Böylece Osmanlı şehirlerini tanımlamaya, tasvir ve tasnife kapı aralayan bu istisnai kaynak, şehirlere sosyal-mekansal nitelikleri çerçevesinde bakmayı ve onları özgünlük ve benzerliklerine göre imparatorluk ölçeğinde gruplandırmayı mümkün kılmaktadır. Çalışma, coğrafi bilgi sistemleri (CBS) kullanılarak ilk kez üretilen 1530’lar eksenli Osmanlı vilayet, liva, kaza ve nefslerinin haritaları ve kaynaklardaki verilerin sayısallaştırması ile oluşan tablolar ile desteklenmiştir.
“Velhasıl Bir Doçentlik Tezi Yazdım!” Turgut Cansever’in Modern Mimarlığın Temel Meseleleri’nin Hikayesi
Authors: DENİZ Faruk
Published: October 2020

Bu makalede, Mimar Turgut Cansever’in, 1960 yılında doçentlik
tezi olarak kabul edilen Bugünkü [Modern] Mimarlığın
Temel Meseleleri çalışmasının uzun ve ilginç hikayesi
belgelere dayalı olarak ortaya konuyor. Cansever’in doçentlik
meselesi tezin içeriğinden, Türkiye’deki fikir ve sanat hayatına
ne kattığından ziyade nasıl geliştiği, hangi süreçlerden
geçtiği uzun yıllar tartışılageldi. Cansever’in bu konuda
bazı değinileri olmuştu. Onun dışında belli bir kesim tarafından
yürütülen dedikodular vardı. Öyle bir tezin olmadığından,
kabul edilmediğine veyahut hiçbir ilmi değeri olmadığına
kadar farklı iddialar bulunuyordu. Bu makalede, hem
Cansever’in doçentlik tezinin 60 yıl sonra ilk kez, yayına
hazırlanış süreci hem de doçentlik tezi ile ilgili çarpıtılmış,
eksik, doğru, yanlış veya yok sayılmış birçok bilgi ve iddianın
eleştirisi ve analizi yapılıyor. Aynı zamanda, Cansever’in entelektüel
mahrumiyetler içerisinde ve psikolojik bariyerlere
karşı yürüttüğü bu çabanın Türkiye’deki modern mimarlık
düşüncesine katkısı tartışılıyor. İlk kez ulaşılan birçok bilgi
ve belge ile Cansever’in doçentlik meselesinin üzerindeki
kalın örtülerin büyük ölçüde kalkması ümit ediliyor.
Katechon ile Saga Arasında: Erich Auerbach ve Mimesis
Authors: KARABAŞOĞLU İsa İlkay
Published: October 2020

Erich Auerbach’ın II. Dünya Savaşı sırasında Türkiye’de yazdığı Mimesis eseri XX. yüzyılın en önemli metinlerinden biridir. Uzun zamandır beklenen Türkçe tercümesi nihayet 2019 yılında çıktı. Bu yazı öncelikle kısa bir tasnifle Mimesis üzerine literatürü tanıtıyor. Daha sonra eserin yazıldığı II. Dünya Savaşı koşullarına odaklanarak Mimesis hakkındaki yazılarda çokça dile getirilen Ari-Sami ikiliğinin birinci bölümdeki Homeros-Eski Ahit tartışmasından son bölümdeki Deniz Feneri incelemesine kadar nasıl yönlendirici bir olgu olduğunu, ancak bunun kitabın ana meselesi değil, zorunlu tarihsel bağlamlarından biri olarak değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini gösteriyor. Mimesis’teki figura fikrini Bloch’un Üçüncü Reich ve Origen üzerine denemeleriyle mukayese ederek bu durumun o zamanın Almanyasındaki Eski Ahit-Yeni Ahit tartışmalarının yaygın bir teması olduğunu işliyor. Son olarak Auerbach’ın Türk okurlarının içerlediği bir meseleyi, yani onun kitabında neden Türkçe yahut İslam klasiklerinden bir eseri tartışmadığı sorusunu ele alıyor ve Mimesis’in ünlü birinci bölümündeki İshak’ın kurban edilişi sahnesini İslam’daki anlatıyla karşılaştırarak figüral yorumun nasıl uygulanabileceğini sınıyor.
Response of seven tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars produced in Benin to salinity stress at young plant stage
Authors: Kinsou Eliane , Mensah Armel , Montcho Hambada David K. , Zanklan Séraphin Ahissou , Wouyou Agapit , Kpinkoun Julien K. , Assogba Komlan Françoise , Gandonou Christophe Bernard
Published: October 2020

In this study, we evaluated the salt resistance level of seven tomato cultivars Akikon, Tounvi, Thorgal, F1 Mongal, Padma, Petomech and TLCV15 at young plant stage. The experiment was laid out as a Randomized Complete Design (RCD) with four replications in a greenhouse. Three-week old plants from the seven cultivars were submitted in pots containing a mixture of potting soil and sand to five NaCl concentrations: 0; 30; 60; 90 and 120 mM NaCl corresponding respectively to an electric conductivity of 0.221; 3.827; 6.47; 10.56 and 14.02 dS.m-1 by irrigation every two days. Plant growth parameters were evaluated after two weeks. Salt effect caused a reduction of young plant growth whatever the growth parameter considered with a significant difference among cultivars. Growth of cultivars Padma, Akikon and Petomech was more affected by salt stress with two or three growth parameters significantly reduced at 30 mM NaCl whereas no growth parameter was significantly affected at less than 60 mM NaCl for cultivars Thorgal and Tounvi. Thus, cultivars Akikon, Petomech and Padma appeared as the most sensitive to salt stress. In contrast, cultivars Tounvi and Thorgal appeared as the most salt-resistant. Cultivars F1 Mongal and TLCV15 had intermediary behavior.
Indicadores de gestión del proceso de ciencia, tecnología e innovación en un campus universitario cubano
Authors: Cruz Soriano Raquel de la , Guevara Reyes Onelia , Jiménez Padilla Tamara
Published: October 2020

Este trabajo constituye un aporte a la gestión de la investigación científica en un campus de una universidad territorial cubana. Se aplicó la metodología de investigación educativa y los métodos: revisión de documentos, encuesta de satisfacción con el proceso de ciencia, tecnología e innovación, tormenta de ideas y el taller. Se demostró a través de indicadores de pertinencia relevancia e impacto el logro de resultados en la investigación científica, expresado en: la ejecución de proyectos, las publicaciones científicas, los premios nacionales e internacionales, los reconocimientos a la institución en el fórum de ciencia y técnica, y otras organizaciones del municipio.
N11 Ülkelerinde Ekolojik Ayak İzi Yakınsaması: Fourier Durağanlık Testinden Yeni Kanıtlar
Authors: YURTKURAN Süleyman
Published: October 2020

Çevresel kirlilik çalışmalarında kullanılan durağanlık testleri çevresel politikalar belirlemede yardımcı olmaktadır. Çevresel kirlilik göstergesi olarak belli başlı değişkenler bulunmaktadır. Bu değişkenlerden bir tanesi de kapsamlı bir gösterge olan ekolojik ayak izidir. Bu çalışma 1971-2016 döneminde N11 olarak da bilinen yeni endüstrileşen ülkelerde kişi başına düşen ekolojik ayak izinin yakınsamasını test etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla panel Yatay Kesitsel Genişletilmiş Dickey-Fuller birim kök testi ve yeni geliştirilen panel Fourier durağanlık testi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Endonezya, Pakistan ve Filipinler’de ekolojik ayak izi göstergesi durağan olmaktadır. Bu durum bu ülkelerde yakınsama olduğunu göstermektedir. Türkiye, Bangladeş, Mısır, İran, Meksika, Nijerya, Güney Kore ve Vietnam’da ise çevresel kirlilikte meydana gelen şokların etkisi kalıcı olmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu sekiz ülkede politika yapıcıların çevresel politikaları yeniden düzenlemeleri önem arz etmektedir.