bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of the Quality of Grammar Instruction: Case of Education Informatics Network
Authors: Maltepe Saadet
Published: September 2022

Teaching grammar topics is a difficult and complex process. This process needs to be structured with functional activities that are appropriate for the objectives of the instruction, be it face-to-face or distance education. This study aims to investigate and evaluate the quality of grammar instruction in the Turkish lessons on the Education Informatics Network (EBA) used by the Ministry of National Education as a distance education tool. For this purpose, the data of the research were obtained through the investigation of 29 Turkish lessons at the elementary school level (5th-8th grades) between the dates 23.03.2020 and 19.06.2020 during which formal education was in a three-month hiatus. In designating these lessons, the criterion sampling technique was used and all lessons that included grammar topics were investigated by taking grammar topics as the criterion. The research used the case study as one of the qualitative research designs. The data obtained after the investigation were analyzed through the content analysis method. In the research, the analysis category was determined to be “Grammar Teaching” while the sub-categories were coded as “The State of Using the Sense and Induction Methods in Grammar Teaching”, “Structure of the Examples Used in Grammar Teaching”, and “The State of Supporting Grammar Teaching Activities with Comprehension and Expression Skills”. It was found that induction and intuition methods that have a vital place in teaching grammar in elementary school Turkish lessons were seldom used. On top of this, it was revealed that grammar was taught in a way far from text-based grammar teaching and was not associated with receptive and productive skills.
Effect of Ageing on Midbrain to Pons Area Ratio Using MRI: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rathod Tukaram , Sachin KS , Joish Upendra Kumar , Vishnupriya S , Vinutha GM
Published: September 2022

Introduction: There is brainstem atrophy with normal ageing. It is pertinent to determine, if this atrophy with ageing, is associated with significant alteration in the midbrain to pons ratio. Aim: To determine sizes and ratio of midbrain and pons area among adults and elderly. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, analytical study was done in a tertiary care hospital, S Nijalingappa Medical College, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India from January 2022 to March 2022, including 200 apparently healthy adult and elderly participants. They were divided into two groups, 100 men (M1≤50 years and M2>50 years) and 100 women (F1≤50 years and F2>50 years). Each underwent multiplanar T1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain. An experienced Radiologist identified midsagittal image, and measured midbrain and pons areas on that image. Mean and standard deviations of midbrain and pons area and midbrain to pons area ratio were estimated for each of the groups. Independent Sample t-test was used to determine significance of differences between groups. Results: A total of 200 participants were included in the study with mean age of 51 years and 3 months. The midbrain to pons area ratio among M2 and F2 groups ranged from 0.20 to 0.39, and in M1 and F1 groups it ranged from 0.23 to 0.47. Midbrain areas and midbrain to pons area ratio were significantly more among participants aged less than 50 years among both males (p-value = 0.014 and 0.024) and females (p-value = 0.011 and 0.032) in comparison with participants aged more than 50 years. Conclusion: Midbrain to pons area ratio decreases significantly in older age, and hence, age needs to be accounted for, while interpreting the ratio.
Role of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Gallbladder Carcinoma and its Association with Various Clinicopathological Parameters: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Perme Tatton , Maurya Malti Kumari , Agarwal Preeti , Kumar Madhu , Sagar Mala , Goel Madhu Mati , Chandra Abhijit
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Carcinoma of gallbladder is an aggressive disease with poor outcome. The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane receptor that regulate growth, proliferation and differentiation in cells. Increased EGFR receptor expression has been studied in various cancers like lung, colorectal, breast and pancreatic tumours and antiEGFR antibody has been used successfully for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Aim: To evaluate EGFR expression in gallbladder carcinoma and its association with clinicopathological factors to reveal its relation to prognosis. Methods and Methods: The present study was a crosssectional study in which 64 samples were collected of resected specimen of Gallbladder Carcinoma (GBC), from the Department of Pathology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, for a period of one year and six months. Haematoxylin-eosin-stained sections were evaluated for tumour type and histopathological grading and TNM staging was done. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed and analysed prospectively using ready to use anti-EGFR as per manufacturer’s protocols. Association between EGFR expression and clinicopathological factors were statistically analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0. Results: EGFR expression was positive in 81.25% (52/64) cases of GBC which showed a highly significant association between tumour grade and stage. About 60% of poorly differentiated GBC displayed strong (3+) staining intensity as compared to 30% of moderately differentiated (3+) and 10% of well differentiated tumours (3+). It suggests that with decreasing differentiation of tumour EGFR staining intensity increases (p<0.001). Positivity rate of EGFR expression were also increased with increase of tumour TNM stage (stage I to stage IV). Strong EGFR expression was associated with decreased overall survival with significant p value (p=0.031, log rank test). Conclusion: EGFR expression is inversely related with tumour differentiation, and overall survival. EGFR expression increases with high TNM staging. So, it can be used as prognostic marker for gallbladder carcinoma and opening a hope towards the new therapeutic options
Perception and Experience of Medical Students Regarding Hybrid Problem-based Learning Technique at a Medical College in West Bengal, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bhattacharya Susmita , Pal Nandita , Ghosh Koushik , Chakrabarty Parthasarathi , Saha Sipra , Das Debalina
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Hybrid Problem-Based Learning (h-PBL) is a type of teaching-learning technique that incorporates both inperson learning and virtual learning via hybrid classroom tools. It reportedly increases student engagement, positively impact their learning process and improve communication skills. During Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) times, its applicability was further enhanced as it allowed the flexibility of teaching as well as learning from home to both teachers and students. Aim: To assess the perception and experience of 2nd phase MBBS students after undergoing training by the h-PBL method. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2nd phase MBBS students in the Department of Microbiology at College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kolkata from 15th March to 14th April 2022. A total of 111 students of 2nd phase MBBS of the college gave an informed consent to be part of the study. All inductees underwent a structured training by h-PBL technique following which their perception and experience about the exercise was sought via questionnaire. Data were presented in frequency and percentage. Association between mean scores of male and female participants was calculated by Chi-square test. Results: Out of the 111 participants, 58 (52.2%) were male and 53 (47.8%) were female with mean age of 19.5±0.5 years (range 18- 22 years). The h-PBL technique was perceived to be motivating for self-directed learning by 97 (85.6%) of the respondents. A total of 107 (96.4%) students agreed that h-PBL is more effective than traditional teaching for acquiring both theoretical and practical knowledge, learning and understanding topics correctly and also identifying and rectifying their deficiencies in knowledge and skills. More than 90% participants (102 of 111) felt that h-PBL has more potential than traditional teaching to establish fruitful student-teacher interaction and provide better feedback opportunities. Overall student satisfaction in our study showed 96.4% agreement (107 of 111). Conclusion: The students considered h-PBL model to be better than traditional teaching to help them acquire theoretical knowledge and practical skills. They also felt that it improved their communication skills, teamwork ethics and motivated them to undertake self-directed learning.
A Study of Socio-economic Aspects of Equine Farmers in Haryana, India
Authors: Singh Ajmer , Pal Yash , Prashad Jitender , Kumar Rajender , Kumar Sanjay , Kumar Prabhat
Published: September 2022

The research was aimed to study socio-economic aspects of equine farmers in Haryana, India. The study was conducted in four districts (provinces) of Haryana; Hisar, Bhiwani, Jind and Rohtak. The study was descriptive and exploratory in nature and data were collected during January 2022 to March 2022. Selection of respondents was done by simple random sampling method at sampling site. Structured interview schedule was adopted for data collection. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version was adopted for analysis of data. It was found that majority of respondents 51.2% were of middle age group and 43.2% were illiterate, 56.1% respondents belong to other backward class, 86.1% were landless, 45.9% respondents live in nuclear family, household total monthly income of maximum of respondents (34.3%) is 20001 to 30000 INR (Indian Rupee), 65% rear single equine and 48.8% get monthly income 5000 to 15000 INR from per equine rearing. The study revealed that socio-economic profile of equine farmers is not satisfactory in study area, equine population is declining rapidly and equine farmers are migrating from equine rearing to other profession and exploring new source of income.
Variability of f_o E in Relation to the Solar Indices (R_z and F_(10.7) ) at the Equatorial Ionosphere (Ouagadougou Station)
Authors: Gédéon Sawadogo , Moustapha Konaté , Roger Nakolemda , Emmanuel Nanéma
Published: September 2022

The correlation coefficients between the critical frequency of the ionosphere E-layer ( foE )and the solar radio flux have not been formally evaluated at the Ouagadougou station. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a study on the variability of the critical frequency of ionosphere E-layer with the solar radio flux (F10.7) and sunspot number (Rz) at the Ouagadougou station. The Ouagadougou station is located at the equatorial ionosphere whose coordinates are: lat: 12.5°N; long: 358.5°E; dip 1.5. Moreover, the local time is equal to the universal time (LT=UT). We worked on the solar cycles 21 and 22 (SC21 and SC22) considering their different phases (minimum, increasing, maximum, and decreasing). The values of foE taken into account are those measured at noon (12:00 LT). The results show a good correlation between foE and Rz, and between foE and F10.7. Thus, the correlation coefficient evaluated between  foE and Rz is 0.96 at SC21 and 0.93 at SC22, and between foE and F10.7 is 0.95 at SC21 and 0.93 at SC22. We subsequently compared foE of the two solar cycles for the same phase. The calculated deviation between the minimum of SC21 and SC22 is 4.46%.  We then find a very small variation of foE from a solar cycle to another at the minimum phase, and this is also verified at the other phases.
Community Knowledge of Dengue Fever in Yuhana Abad, Slum Area of Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Ghafooria Siddique M. , Nargus Shumaila
Published: September 2022

Objective: This study aimed to assess the current community’s perception status of dengue fever in the (Yuhana Abad) slum area of Lahore.

Method: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted in Yuhana Abad, a suburb of Lahore, Pakistan. It is the largest majority Christian area in the city with about 200,000 inhabitants. To determine the perception of people a structured questionnaire was used to collect data and 384 households selected through the convenience sampling technique were interviewed.

Result: Male participation in the study was 67% and female 33%, among both gender participants. The literate percentage was 74% and the illiterate 26%. 76% of people knew about dengue fever transmission, 80% knew the consequences of the disease, 64% knew the signs and symptoms, and 90% knew the most frequent mosquito bite time and prevention of the epidemic of dengue fever were good.

Conclusion: We have found a prevalence of sufficient knowledge in our sample population based on knowledge of dengue. However, isolated knowledge on signs and symptoms, mode of transmission, and prevention are adequate, with preventive measures mainly focused on protection from mosquito bites by using mosquito mat/coil/liquid vaporizers.
Acute Coronary Syndrome in Egyptian Women during their Reproductive Age Period
Authors: Essa Gerges Naieum , Ashmawy Medhat Mohamad , Salama Mai Mohamad , El-Din Samia Mahmoud Sharaf , Khalel Sameh Samir
Published: September 2022

Background: Young women have low risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) during their reproductive period, mainly due to the physiologically protective effect of estrogen hormone on the coronary endothelium. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk factors of ACS in the Egyptian women patients during their reproductive age period, who admitted to Tanta University Cardiovascular department hospital.

Results: Obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, myocardial bridge, cushion syndrome and radiotherapy for breast cancer were significantly independently ACS risk factors that correlated to the SYNTAX score. There is significance of coefficient of the independent variable in the risk factors (Group A, group B, group C separately and groups A, B, C together) on the severity and level of SYNTAX score in ACS. The regression analysis was significant in groups A and B of ACS risk factors separately. While the regression analysis was significant and there was a clear relationship between ACS risk factors- groups A, B, C. together and SYNTAX score.

Conclusions: There was a positive relationship between the increase total number of ACS risk factors subgroups (Traditional, Nontraditional and Gynecological) and the severity of coronary artery stenosis that assessed by SYNTAX scorer.
Analysis of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Accessions Genetic Variability Related to Yield and Its Components
Authors: Khaire Amrutlal R. , Singh S. K. , Vijay Habde Sonali , Mounika K. , Singh D. K. , Jayasudha . , Singh Akanksha , Majhi Prasanta Kumar , Madankar Kartik Sahadeo
Published: September 2022

This experiment was conducted to study the variability parameters of forty rice genotypes to evaluate genetic parameters i.e., Genotypic variability coefficient (GVC), Phenotypic variability coefficient (PVC), Heritability (H) and mean percent of Genetic advance (MGA) for nine different yield and yield-contributing traits at Agriculture Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi during Kharif-2018. The data were collected for nine yield and yield attributing traits subjected to alpha lattice design and analyzed in R-software. The PCV magnitude was found slightly higher than GCV indicating that this trait is less influenced by environmental factors. The highest GCV and PCV are found for yield (37.70 % to 38.27% respectively) followed by number of tillers per plant number of effective tillers per plant (GCV: 19.47%, PCV: 21.04%) and plant height (GCV: 14.99, PCV: 16.40). high heritability (>70%) coupled with high percent of mean genetic advance (MGA) (>20%) were recorded for days to fifty percent flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of effective tillers, panicle length, spikelet fertility, test weight, grain yield per plant and harvest index indicating that the simple selection will be effective for this trait improvement.
A Design and Analysis of Artificial Vortex (ArVo) Based Stand-Alone Microgrid on Universities of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md. Mostakim , Rony Md. Zubaer Mahmud , Nahar Nurun , Akter Most Surmita , Akter Tanjuma , Owashi Mashur Al , Haque S. M. Anowarul
Published: September 2022

The administration of universities of Bangladesh faces financial drawbacks every year due to subsidies in the field of electrical power cost. The reason behind this is, students, consume more electric power than they pay for. To solve this problem a modern hydroelectric technology can be implemented. This new technology is called Artificial Vortex (ArVo). This method of power generation utilizes the natural tendency of whirlpool formation of fluids by defining a new flow path thereby causing a turbulent circular movement of fluid layers. Every day students and teachers use a huge volume of water. This water is excluded from the university premises by the wastewater paths. This wastewater flow can be utilized to generate electricity. In Artificial Vortex, a curved wall is designed in the water path to concentrate the water flow and generate rotational energy. This rotational energy is implemented on a vertical axis turbine. This turbine is rotated by the water flow impact and produce clean electricity through an alternator. The cost of electricity has been simulated by HOMER Pro software.
Expert Panel Consensus on State-Level Policies to Improve Engagement and Retention in Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Smart Rosanna , Grant Sean , Gordon Adam J. , Pacula Rosalie Liccardo , Stein Bradley D.
Published: September 2022

Importance

In the US, recent legislation and regulations have been considered, proposed, and implemented to improve the quality of treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). However, insufficient empirical evidence exists to identify which policies are feasible to implement and successfully improve patient and population-level outcomes.

Objective

To examine expert consensus on the effectiveness and the ability to implement state-level OUD treatment policies.

Evidence Review

This qualitative study used the ExpertLens online platform to conduct a 3-round modified Delphi process to convene 66 stakeholders (health care clinicians, social service practitioners, addiction researchers, health policy decision-makers, policy advocates, and persons with lived experience). Stakeholders participated in 1 of 2 expert panels on 14 hypothetical state-level policies targeting treatment engagement and linkage, evidence-based and integrated care, treatment flexibility, and monitoring or support services. Participants rated policies in round 1, discussed results in round 2, and provided final ratings in round 3. Participants used 4 criteria associated with either the effectiveness or implementability to rate and discuss each policy. The effectiveness panel (n = 29) considered policy effects on treatment engagement, treatment retention, OUD remission, and opioid overdose mortality. The implementation panel (n = 34) considered the acceptability, feasibility, affordability, and equitability of each policy. We measured consensus using the interpercentile range adjusted for symmetry analysis technique from the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method.

Findings

Both panels reached consensus on all items. Experts viewed 2 policies (facilitated access to medications for OUD and automatic Medicaid enrollment for citizens returning from correctional settings) as highly implementable and highly effective in improving patient and population-level outcomes. Participants rated hub-and-spoke–type policies and provision of financial incentives to emergency departments for treatment linkage as effective; however, they also rated these policies as facing implementation barriers associated with feasibility and affordability. Coercive policies and policies levying additional requirements on individuals with OUD receiving treatment (eg, drug toxicology testing, counseling requirements) were viewed as low-value policies (ie, decreasing treatment engagement and retention, increasing overdose mortality, and increasing health inequities).

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this study may provide urgently needed consensus on policies for states to consider either adopting or deimplementing in their efforts to address the opioid overdose crisis.
Association Between Double Bonuses and Clinical and Administrative Performance in Medicare Advantage
Authors: Ryan Andrew M. , Gulseren Baris , Ayanian John Z. , Markovitz Adam A. , Meyers David J. , Brown Erin Fuse
Published: September 2022

This cross-sectional study compares double bonuses with clinical and administrative performance in Medicare Advantage facilities.
Association of SARS-CoV-2 Infection With New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Among Pediatric Patients From 2020 to 2021
Authors: Kendall Ellen K. , Olaker Veronica R. , Kaelber David C. , Xu Rong , Davis Pamela B.
Published: September 2022

This cohort study assesses the association of COVID-19 with new-onset type 1 diabetes among pediatric patients.
Potent non‐opioid xylazine emerges as overdose threat without antidote
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: September 2022

With no convenient means for its detection and no reversal agent for administration in cases of overdose, the highly dangerous tranquilizer xylazine is proving to be a challenge for medical and harm reduction practitioners as it becomes a more prominent street drug in the U.S.
Problems from prenatal cannabis exposure persist into teen years
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2022

Research from the large scale Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study sponsored by the National Institutes of Health has found evidence of a host of adverse outcomes to children when women use cannabis while pregnant. According to a research letter published September 12 in JAMA Pediatrics, these adverse effects are particularly alarming because of the recent dramatic increases in cannabis use during pregnancy.
Electro–Chemo–Mechanical Failure of Solid Electrolytes Induced by Growth of Internal Lithium Filaments
Authors: Xu Xieyu , Liu Yangyang , Kapitanova Olesya O. , Song Zhongxiao , Sun Jun , Xiong Shizhao
Published: September 2022

Growth of lithium (Li) filaments within solid electrolytes, leading to mechanical degradation of the electrolyte and even short circuit of the cell under high current density, is a great barrier to commercialization of solid‐state Li‐metal batteries. Understanding of this electro–chemo–mechanical phenomenon is hindered by the challenge of tracking local fields inside the solid electrolyte. Here, a multiphysics simulation aiming to investigate evolution of the mechanical failure of the solid electrolyte induced by the internal growth of Li is reported. Visualization of local stress, damage, and crack propagation within the solid electrolyte enables examination of factors dominating the degradation process, including the geometry, number, and size of Li filaments and voids in the electrolyte. Relative damage induced by locally high stress is found to preferentially occur in the region of the electrolyte/Li interface having great fluctuations. A high number density of Li filaments or voids triggers integration of damage and crack networks by enhanced propagation. This model is built on coupling of mechanical and electrochemical processes for internal plating of Li, revealing evolution of multiphysical fields that can barely be captured by the state‐of‐the‐art experimental techniques. Understanding mechanical degradation of solid electrolytes with the presence of Li filaments paves the way to design advanced solid electrolytes for future solid‐state Li‐metal batteries.
Reversing Molecular Dilution Effect by Varying the Bottom Electrode
Authors: Kong Gyu Don , Song Hyunsun , Kang Hungu , Jin Junji , Ayachi Sahar , Yoon Hyo Jae
Published: September 2022

This paper describes charge tunneling across mixed self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) and investigates the effect of bottom electrode on molecular dilution and tunneling function in large‐area molecular junctions. Binary mixed SAMs are formed with organic molecular diode (2,2′‐bipyridyl‐terminated n‐undecanethiol (SC11BIPY)) and nonrectifying n‐alkanethiolate diluent (SCn; n = 8, 10, 16, 18) via coadsorption on different electrodes, namely Au and Ag. By taking advantage of self‐referencing feature of rectification, the tunneling–molecular dilution relationship is reliably examined. Notably, rectification ratio of mixed SAMs on the Ag electrode decreases with increasing the diluent's length, whereas that of analogous SAMs on the Au electrode oppositely increases. Simulation of rectification using a parallel circuit model and surface analysis with contact angle goniometry evidence that such an opposite trend is dominated by the supramolecular structural order, which arises from the difference in interthiolate distance between Au and Ag. This work demonstrates that the molecular dilution effect on tunneling can be reversed by varying the bottom electrode.
Significant Output Power Enhancement in Symmetric Dual‐Mode Magneto‐Mechano‐Electric Coupled Resonators
Authors: Yu Zhonghui , Qiu Hao , Chu Zhaoqiang , Sun Zechen , Pourhosseini Asl Mohammad Javad , Li Faxin , Dong Shuxiang
Published: September 2022

The microenergy harvesting based on magneto‐mechano‐electric (MME) coupling is an emerging technology for powering wireless Internet of Things (IoT) devices because it is capable of simultaneously harvesting magnetic field energy and mechanical energy. However, further improvement in output power of conventional cantilever‐structured MME energy harvesters has met with considerable difficulties due to the inherent, high mechanical energy loss in single‐mode operation. To solve the predicament, here, this work presents a symmetric, mechanical coupled dual‐mode MME energy harvester for restricting clamp loss and then enhancing MME coupling and output power. Under a weak AC magnetic field (Hac = 4 Oe) at 60 Hz, the MME energy harvester operating in symmetric dual‐mode can generate a peak‐peak output power of 72 mWpp (root‐mean‐square value: 9 mWRMS), a 437% enhancement over a conventional single‐mode MME energy harvester, which can even drive 160 light emitting diodes (LEDs) lighting directly. A realistic application furtherly shows that the symmetric dual‐mode MME energy harvester can successfully scavenge the magnetic field energy around a household appliance, and the generated electric power can directly drive a wireless IoT system in real time. The proposed concept of symmetric dual‐mode in this work can open new avenues for future vibration‐based energy harvesters design.
High‐Gain Microfluidic Amplifiers: The Bridge between Microfluidic Controllers and Fluidic Soft Actuators
Authors: Gallardo Hevia Elizabeth , McCann Connor M. , Bell Michael , Hyun Nak-seung Patrick , Majidi Carmel , Bertoldi Katia , Wood Robert J.
Published: September 2022

Soft fluidic robots are typically controlled using manifolds containing large and rigid electromechanical valves. These bulky controllers limit scalability and hinder motion, in particular for untethered soft robots. There has been recent interest in using fluidic controllers analogous to electrical logic gates and microcontrollers to replace rigid valve systems. However, these microfluidic networks typically operate with small volumes, low flow rates, and low pressures relative to what is needed to power fluidic soft actuators. This article presents the design, fabrication, and analysis of a soft, fluidic amplifier as the “missing link” between microfluidic analogies of microcontrollers and the high fluidic power loads representative of soft actuators. The article demonstrates amplification gains of pressure signals up to a factor of four. The amplifier is a step toward fully autonomous soft robots by allowing designers to develop control strategies from soft materials with minimal additional rigid components or tethering.
Emergency medicine trainees' perceived barriers to training and credentialing in point‐of‐care ultrasound: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Elsayed Tarek , Snelling Peter J. , Stirling Erin J. , Watkins Stuart
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) is an important tool in emergency medicine (EM), with the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (ACEM) recommending core modalities as part of fellowship training. In Australia, acquisition of these skills is certified via credentialing but is currently poorly undertaken by EM trainees.

Methods

We performed a cross‐sectional survey of EM trainees across two academic teaching hospitals in Gold Coast, Queensland, between December 2018 and January 2019, to determine the current state of training and perceived barriers to credentialing in POCUS.

Results

Fifty‐two (59%) eligible EM trainees participated. Although credentialing rates (15%) were low amongst respondents, the majority agreed that it was necessary (69%) and should form part of ACEM training (88%). Amongst these trainees, we identified the desire for increased POCUS training and several barriers including time constraints and the credentialing process itself.

Conclusion

Although there is general agreement amongst EM trainees for POCUS credentialing, barriers such as time limitations and technical difficulties were prohibitive for many. We propose the development of an internal structured POCUS training programme within mandatory training time to address these issues.
Complement dysregulation and Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome
Authors: Veteleanu Aurora , Pape Sarah , Davies Kate , Kodosaki Eleftheria , Hye Abdul , Zelek Wioleta M. , Strydom Andre , Morgan B. Paul
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Down syndrome (DS) is associated with immune dysregulation and a high risk of early onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Complement is a key part of innate immunity and driver of pathological inflammation, including neuroinflammation in AD. Complement dysregulation has been reported in DS; however, the pattern of dysregulation and its relationship to AD risk is unclear.

Methods

Plasma levels of 14 complement biomarkers were measured in 71 adults with DS and 46 controls to identify DS‐associated dysregulation; impact of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotype, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CLU and CR1, and dementia on complement biomarkers was assessed.

Results

Plasma levels of complement activation products (TCC, iC3b), proteins (C1q, C3, C9), and regulators (C1 inhibitor, factor H, FHR4, clusterin) were significantly elevated in DS versus controls while FI and sCR1 were significantly lower. In DS with AD (n = 13), C3 and FI were significantly decreased compared to non‐AD DS (n = 58). Neither APOE genotype nor CLU SNPs impacted complement levels, while rs6656401 in CR1 significantly impacted plasma sCR1 levels.

Conclusions

Complement is dysregulated in DS, likely reflecting the generalized immune dysregulation state; measurement may help identify inflammatory events in individuals with DS. Complement biomarkers differed in DS with and without AD and may aid diagnosis and/or prediction.

Highlights

Complement is significantly dysregulated in plasma of people with DS who show changes in levels of multiple complement proteins compared to controls.

People with DS and dementia show evidence of additional complement dysregulation with significantly lower levels of C3 and factor I compared to those without dementia.

rs6656401 in CR1 was associated with significantly elevated sCR1 plasma levels in DS.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides having a Domain Structure**
Authors: Sun Lifeng , Chopra Pradeep , Boons Geert‐Jan
Published: September 2022

Heparan sulfate (HS) has a domain structure in which regions that are modified by epimerization and sulfonation (NS domains) are interspersed by unmodified fragments (NA domains). There is data to support that domain organization of HS can regulate binding of proteins, however, such model has been difficult to probe. Here, we report a chemoenzymatic methodology that can provide HS oligosaccharides composed of two or more NS domains separated by NA domains of different length. It is based on the chemical synthesis of a HS oligosaccharide that enzymatically was extended by various GlcA‐GlcNAc units and terminated in GlcNAc having an azido moiety at C‐6 position. HS oligosaccharides having an azide and alkyne moiety could be assembled by copper catalyzed alkyne‐azide cycloaddition to give compounds having various NS domains separated by unsulfonated regions. Competition binding studies showed that the length of an NA domain modulates the binding of the chemokines CCL5 and CXCL8.
2,2′‐Biphenol‐based Ultrathin Microporous Nanofilms for Highly Efficient Molecular Sieving Separation
Authors: Li Shao‐Lu , Chang Guoliang , Huang Yangzheng , Kinooka Ken , Chen Yanting , Fu Wenming , Gong Genghao , Yoshioka Tomohisa , McKeown Neil B. , Hu Yunxia
Published: September 2022

Organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) is an emerging membrane separation technology, which urgently requires robust, easily processed, OSN membranes possessing high permeance and small solutes‐selectivity to facilitate enhanced industrial uptake. Herein, we describe the use of two 2,2′‐biphenol (BIPOL) derivatives to fabricate hyper‐crosslinked, microporous polymer nanofilms through IP. Ultra‐thin, defect‐free polyesteramide/polyester nanofilms (≈5 nm) could be obtained readily due to the relatively large molecular size and ionized nature of the BIPOL monomers retarding the rate of the IP. The enhanced microporosity arises from the hyper‐crosslinked network structure and monomer rigidity. Specifically, the amino‐BIPOL/PAN membrane exhibits extraordinary permselectivity performances with molecular weight cut‐off as low as 233 Da and MeOH permeance of ≈13 LMH/bar. Precise separation of small dye mixtures with similar M.W. based on both their charge and molecular size are achieved.
A new method for determining protein solubility index (PSI) based on extraction with 5 mM alkali hydroxide and its correlation with trypsin inhibitor activity in soybean products
Authors: Liu Keshun
Published: September 2022

Protein quality affects the nutritional values and functional properties of protein products. For better utilization, it is important to assess protein quality accurately and cost‐effectively. For decades, several indirect indices have been relied on, including nitrogen solubility index, protein dispersibility index, urease activity, and protein solubility in 0.2% potassium hydroxide. However, each existing index has limitations or practical difficulties for measurement, while different procedures and terminologies often cause confusion. For rectifying this situation, a new protein quality index, the protein solubility index (PSI), was developed. This required investigation of many factors, including alkali hydroxide type and concentration, solid to solvent ratio, extraction time, magnetic stirring speed, magnetic stirrer type, and centrifugation force and time. For nitrogen analysis, a combustion method was used, where effects of using extracts or residues, sample moisture, sample mass, and the sequence of drying and weighing residues were also investigated. The new PSI method employs 5 mM alkali hydroxide extraction, magnetic stirring, nitrogen analysis of dried residues and small sample size. It allows simultaneous running of multiple samples. Furthermore, the correlations between trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) and PSI were either strong or very strong (r = 0.747**–0.974**), depending on sample sets. The 5 mM extraction procedure produced a stronger correlation between protein extractability and TIA than the extraction procedure for the TIA assay (10 mM NaOH, 3 h). PSI has a potential to replace most, if not all, of the indirect indices for protein quality of various products, providing a unified index for relevant industries.
3D‐printing carbon nanotubes/Ti3C2Tx/chitosan composites with different arrangement structures based on ball milling for EMI shielding
Authors: Pei Xiaoyuan , Liu Guangde , Shao Ruiqi , Yu Rongrong , Chen Runxiao , Liu Dong , Wang Wei , Min Chunying , Liu Shengkai , Xu Zhiwei
Published: September 2022

Conductive macroscopic MXene‐based architectures receive tremendous attention for various potential applications. In this paper, the rheology and printing suitability of MXene ink were optimized by ball milling method to ensure good structural integrity and electrical conductivity of the printing structure. Porous CNT/Ti3C2Tx/CS composites were prepared by 3D printing, and the effects of various arrangements on electromagnetic interference shielding (EMI SE) were studied in depth. Since Ti3C2Tx can produce TiO2 under the action of high‐energy ball milling, it provides more heterogeneous interfaces and dipole effects. At the same time, Ti3C2Tx and CNT are evenly dispersed and can construct a complete conductive network, which greatly enhances its conductivity loss. In collaboration with the 3D‐printed framework, it can also extend the propagation path of electromagnetic waves and enhance their multiple reflection losses. The results show that the EMI SE of the composite material can reach 26 dB in X‐band, and EMI SE can be affected by the different arrangement. This work lays a solid foundation for the construction of heterogeneous interfaces by ball milling and the free construction of EMI shielding materials by 3D printing.
Development of new Alzheimer's disease drug candidates using donepezil as a key model
Authors: Eissa Kholoud I. , Kamel Mona M. , Mohamed Lamia W. , Kassab Asmaa E.
Published: September 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent geriatric diseases and a significant cause of high mortality. This crippling disorder is becoming more prevalent at an unprecedented rate, which has led to an increase in the financial cost of caring. It is a pathologically complicated, multifactorial disease characterized by β‐amyloid precipitation, β‐amyloid oligomer production, decrease in cholinergic function, and dysregulation of other neurotransmitter systems. Due to the pathogenic complexity of AD, multitarget drugs that can simultaneously alternate multiple biological targets may enhance the therapeutic efficacy. Donepezil (DNP) is the most potent approved drug for the treatment of AD. It has a remarkable effect on a number of AD‐related processes, including cholinesterase activity, anti‐Aβ aggregation, oxidative stress, and more. DNP resembles an excellent scaffold to be hybridized with other pharmacophoric moieties having biological activity against AD pathological factors. There have been significant attempts made to modify the structure of DNP to create new bioactive chemical entities with novel structural patterns. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the development of multiple‐target DNP‐hybridized models for the treatment of AD that can be used in the future in the rational design of new potential AD therapeutics. The design and development of new drug candidates for the treatment of AD using DNP as a molecular scaffold have also been reviewed and summarized.
Fungal lipases as biocatalysts: A promising platform in several industrial biotechnology applications
Authors: Mahfoudhi Amira , Benmabrouk Sameh , Fendri Ahmed , Sayari Adel
Published: September 2022

Many researchers have found fungi as a reliable source of lipase due to the versatility of their properties, ease of mass production, thermal stability, pH stability, broad substrate specificity, retained activity in organic solvents, and their low‐cost extraction procedure. This review paper presents an overview about the main aspects of fungal lipases screened from several types of strains as well as their use as biocatalysts. Additionally, some biochemical properties will be reported. As commonly known, lipases can be produced from animals, plants, and microorganisms. Compared to other lipases, those obtained from fungi have been found to be more productive, a fact that encouraged the massive production of most fungal lipases due to their considerable commercial importance during the past few years. This paper is concerned about some of the major characteristics that made fungal lipases desirable products in the industrial fields. Due to the enantioselective properties of fungal lipases and their ability to remain active under extreme temperature, pH, and organic solvents, enzymes are capable to synthesize esters as well as to catalyze a variety of chemical reactions that include esterification, transesterification, acidolysis and aminolysis in aqueous and nonaqueous media. Furthermore, lipases are considered to have a commercial importance for biotechnological application fields, which makes them increasingly popular in food, detergent, cosmetic, organic synthesis, and pharmaceutical domains. The biotechnological potential of lipases has made the latter a coveted choice in industries for the present and future as biocatalysts. In addition, a classification of these fungal enzymes is also highlighted in this review. Moreover, the impact of an immobilization strategy of these fungal strains to achieve higher yields and to improve their production is discussed. Finally, fungal enzymes have played a crucial role from ancient times to today in different fields using several types of biological systems, which gives them a great interest for the production of these enzymes in large amounts with low cost and easy viability to enlarge their use in many industries. Likewise, some future perspectives on lipase production will also be discussed by focusing on special cases on lipase engineering.
Protein and amino acid intakes in relation to prostate cancer risk and mortality—A prospective study in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
Authors: Schmidt Julie A. , Huybrechts Inge , Overvad Kim , Eriksen Anne Kirstine , Tjønneland Anne , Kaaks Rudolf , Katzke Verena , Schulze Matthias B. , Pala Valeria , Sacerdote Carlotta , Tumino Rosario , Bueno‐de‐Mesquita Bas , Sánchez Maria‐Jose , Huerta José M. , Barricarte Aurelio , Amiano Pilar , Agudo Antonio , Bjartell Anders , Stocks Tanja , Thysell Elin , Wennberg Maria , Weiderpass Elisabete , Travis Ruth C. , Key Timothy J. , Perez‐Cornago Aurora
Published: September 2022

Background

The association between protein intake and prostate cancer risk remains unclear.

Aims

To prospectively investigate the associations of dietary intakes of total protein, protein from different dietary sources, and amino acids with prostate cancer risk and mortality.

Methods

In 131,425 men from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, protein and amino acid intakes were estimated using validated dietary questionnaires. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

During a mean follow‐up of 14.2 years, 6939 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer and 914 died of the disease. Dairy protein was positively associated with overall prostate cancer risk in the three highest fifths compared to the lowest (HRQ3=1.14 (95% CI 1.05–1.23); HRQ4=1.09 (1.01–1.18); HRQ5=1.10 (1.02–1.19)); similar results were observed for yogurt protein (HRQ3=1.14 (1.05–1.24); HRQ4=1.09 (1.01–1.18); HRQ5=1.12 (1.04–1.21)). For egg protein intake and prostate cancer mortality, no association was observed by fifths, but there was suggestive evidence of a positive association in the analysis per standard deviation increment. There was no strong evidence of associations with different tumour subtypes.

Discussion

Considering the weak associations and many tests, the results must be interpreted with caution.

Conclusion

This study does not provide strong evidence for an association of intakes of total protein, protein from different dietary sources or amino acids with prostate cancer risk or mortality. However, our results may suggest some weak positive associations, which need to be confirmed in large‐scale, pooled analyses of prospective data.
Investigate the stemness of adult adipose‐derived stromal cells based on single‐cell RNA‐sequencing
Authors: Liu Qing , Zhang Pingshu , Yuan Xiaodong , Ya Ou , Li Qi , Li Jing , Long Qingxi
Published: September 2022

The cellular heterogeneity and genetic features of stemness of adipose‐derived stromal cells (ADSCs) remain unclear. Using single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq), we investigated the genomic features of the stemness gene in ADSCs with genetic variability. We cultured the ADSCs isolated from the fat waste of a healthy adult volunteers undergoing cosmetic plastic surgery to the third generation, used the BD Rhapsody platform to perform scRNA‐seq, then used Monocle2 to analyze the growth and development trajectory of ADSCs, Cellular Trajectory Reconstruction Analysis Using Gene Counts and Expression (CytoTRACE) to evaluate the stemness gene characteristics in ADSCs clusters, and Beam to analyze the expression change characteristics of the main stemness related genes of ADSCs. According to the scRNA‐seq data of 5325 ADSCs, they could be classified into nine cell clusters. According to CytoTRACE analysis, Cluster 3 of ADSCs had the highest stemness, whereas Cluster 8 had the lowest stemness. Pseudotime analysis revealed that Cluster 3 of ADSCs was primarily dispersed in the middle part of the growth and development trajectory, whereas Cluster 8 was primarily distributed at the end. We summarized the stemness of Cluster 3 in ADSCs with high expression of TPM1 and CCND1 genes in the metaphase of growth and development is the strongest, whereas the stemness of Cluster 8 with high expression of FICD, CREBRF, SDF2L1, HERPUD1, and HYOU1 genes in the telophase of growth and development is the weakest, providing a theoretical basis for screening and improving the therapeutic effect of ADSCs in cell transplantation research.
Small cell osteosarcoma of the rib: An exceptional localization
Authors: Abid Walid , Triki Meriam , Hlima Ghassen Ben , Chaari Zied , Hentati Abdessalem , Frikha Imed
Published: September 2022

Small cell osteosarcoma is a rare sub‐type of osteogenic malignant tumors. Rib localization is uncommon. Histological examination is an important step to make the difference with similar tumors like Ewing's sarcoma. Surgical resection is the unique curative treatment. The prognosis remains poor even with adjuvant treatment.
Particle Size Effects of Carbon Supported Nickel Nanoparticles for High Pressure CO2 Methanation
Authors: Visser Nienke L. , Daoura Oscar , Plessow Philipp N. , Smulders Luc C. J. , de Rijk Jan Willem , Stewart Joseph A. , Vandegehuchte Bart D. , Studt Felix , van der Hoeven Jessi E. S. , de Jongh Petra E.
Published: September 2022

Supported nickel nanoparticles are promising catalysts for the methanation of CO2. The role of nickel particle size on activity and selectivity in this reaction is a matter of debate. We present a study of metal particle size effects on catalytic stability, activity and selectivity, using nickel on graphitic carbon catalysts. Increasing the Ni particle size from 4 to 8 nm led to a higher catalytic activity, both per gram of nickel and normalized surface area. However, the apparent activation energy remained the same (∼105 kJ mol−1). Comparing experiments at atmospheric to 30 bar pressure demonstrates the importance of testing under industrially relevant pressures; the highest selectivity is obtained at high CO2 conversions and pressures. Finally, the selectivity was particle size‐dependent. The largest particles were not only most active but also most selective to methane. With this work we contribute to the ongoing debate about Ni particle size effects in CO2 methanation.