bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of tip transfer function for quantitative MFM using frequency domain filtering and least squares method
Authors: Nečas David , Klapetek Petr , Neu Volker , Havlíček Marek , Puttock Robert , Kazakova Olga , Hu Xiukun , Zajíčková Lenka
Published: March 2019

Magnetic force microscopy has unsurpassed capabilities in analysis of nanoscale and microscale magnetic samples and devices. Similar to other Scanning Probe Microscopy techniques, quantitative analysis remains a challenge. Despite large theoretical and practical progress in this area, present methods are seldom used due to their complexity and lack of systematic understanding of related uncertainties and recommended best practice. Use of the Tip Transfer Function (TTF) is a key concept in making Magnetic Force Microscopy measurements quantitative. We present a numerical study of several aspects of TTF reconstruction using multilayer samples with perpendicular magnetisation. We address the choice of numerical approach, impact of non-periodicity and windowing, suitable conventions for data normalisation and units, criteria for choice of regularisation parameter and experimental effects observed in real measurements. We present a simple regularisation parameter selection method based on TTF width and verify this approach via numerical experiments. Examples of TTF estimation are shown on both 2D and 3D experimental datasets. We give recommendations on best practices for robust TTF estimation, including the choice of windowing function, measurement strategy and dealing with experimental error sources. A method for synthetic MFM data generation, suitable for large scale numerical experiments is also presented.
Effects of X-chromosome Tenomodulin Genetic Variants on Obesity in a Children’s Cohort and Implications of the Gene in Adipocyte Metabolism
Authors: Ruiz-Ojeda Francisco Javier , Anguita-Ruiz Augusto , Rupérez Azahara I. , Gomez-Llorente Carolina , Olza Josune , Vázquez-Cobela Rocío , Gil-Campos Mercedes , Bueno Gloria , Leis Rosaura , Cañete Ramón , Moreno Luis A. , Gil Angel , Aguilera Concepcion Maria
Published: March 2019

Tenomodulin (TNMD) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that has been recently linked to obesity, and it is highly expressed in obese adipose tissue. Several sex-dependent associations have been observed between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the TNMD gene, which is located in the X-chromosome, and obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome in adults. On the other hand, results are lacking for children. We aimed (i) to study the association between TNMD genetic variants and metabolic complications related to childhood obesity and (ii) to investigate the function of TNMD in human adipocytes. We conducted a case-control, multicenter study in 915 Spanish children and demonstrated significant positive associations between TNMD genetic variants and BMI z-score, waist circumference, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance in boys, highlighting the SNP rs4828038. Additionally, we showed a BMI-adjusted inverse association with waist circumference in girls. Second, in vitro experiments revealed that TNMD is involved in adipogenesis, along with glucose and lipid metabolism in differentiated adipocytes, and these effects may be mediated through AMPK activation. Hence, these results suggest that TNMD genetic variants could be potentially useful as early life risk indicators for obesity and T2DM. In addition, we support the fact that TNMD exhibits significant metabolic functions in adipocytes.
Evidence for a preformed Cooper pair model in the pseudogap spectra of a Ca10(Pt4As8)(Fe2As2)5 single crystal with a nodal superconducting gap
Authors: Seo Y. I. , Choi W. J. , Kimura Shin-ichi , Kwon Yong Seung
Published: March 2019

For high-Tc superconductors, clarifying the role and origin of the pseudogap is essential for understanding the pairing mechanism. Among the various models describing the pseudogap, the preformed Cooper pair model is a potential candidate. Therefore, we present experimental evidence for the preformed Cooper pair model by studying the pseudogap spectrum observed in the optical conductivity of a Ca10(Pt4As8)(Fe2As2)5 (Tc = 34.6 K) single crystal. We observed a clear pseudogap structure in the optical conductivity and observed its temperature dependence. In the superconducting (SC) state, one SC gap with a gap size of Δ = 26 cm−1, a scattering rate of 1/τ = 360 cm−1 and a low-frequency extra Drude component were observed. Spectral weight analysis revealed that the SC gap and pseudogap are formed from the same Drude band. This means that the pseudogap is a gap structure observed as a result of a continuous temperature evolution of the SC gap observed below Tc. This provides clear experimental evidence for the preformed Cooper pair model.
Phonon Boost Effect on the S±-wave Superconductor with Incipient Band
Authors: Bang Yunkyu
Published: March 2019

We showed that the all phonons – not only forward-scattering phonon but also local (all-momentum-scattering) phonon – contribute to boosting Tc of the S±-wave pairing state in the incipient band model. In particular, when the incipient band sinks deeper, the phonon boost effect of the local phonon increases and becomes as effective as the one of the forward-scattering phonon. Our finding implies that all interface phonons from the SrTiO3 substrate – not only the 90 meV Fuchs-Kliewer (F-K) phonon but also the 60 meV F-K phonon – as well as all intrinsic phonons of the FeSe monolayer itself, regardless of their degree of “forwardness”, should contribute to increase Tc of the FeSe/STO monolayer system. This all-phonon boost mechanism should universally work in all heavily doped (either by holes or by electrons) Iron-based superconductors.
Context-induced contrast and assimilation effects in explicit and implicit measures of agency
Authors: Ma Ke , Hommel Bernhard , Chen Hong
Published: March 2019

Virtual-hand-illusion studies often use explicit and implicit measures of body ownership but no agreed-on implicit measure of agency exists. We investigated whether the Intentional Binding (IB) effect could serve as such a measure. A pilot study confirmed that current consistency increases both perceived agency and IB. In three experiments, current consistency was 50% but the previously experienced consistency was either 100% or 0%. When previous and present consistency experience were separated by a short break, both explicit judgments and IB showed a contrast effect. Eliminating the break reversed the effect in explicit agency but not in IB; and making the transition between previous and present consistency smoother replicated the effect for explicit agency but reversed the pattern for IB. Our findings suggest that explicit agency and IB rely on different sources of information, presumably including cross-sensory correlations, predictions of expected action-effects, and comparisons between present and previous consistency experiences.
Deep learning-based super-resolution in coherent imaging systems
Authors: Liu Tairan , de Haan Kevin , Rivenson Yair , Wei Zhensong , Zeng Xin , Zhang Yibo , Ozcan Aydogan
Published: March 2019

We present a deep learning framework based on a generative adversarial network (GAN) to perform super-resolution in coherent imaging systems. We demonstrate that this framework can enhance the resolution of both pixel size-limited and diffraction-limited coherent imaging systems. The capabilities of this approach are experimentally validated by super-resolving complex-valued images acquired using a lensfree on-chip holographic microscope, the resolution of which was pixel size-limited. Using the same GAN-based approach, we also improved the resolution of a lens-based holographic imaging system that was limited in resolution by the numerical aperture of its objective lens. This deep learning-based super-resolution framework can be broadly applied to enhance the space-bandwidth product of coherent imaging systems using image data and convolutional neural networks, and provides a rapid, non-iterative method for solving inverse image reconstruction or enhancement problems in optics.
Developmental and physiological responses of Brachypodium distachyon to fluctuating nitrogen availability
Authors: David L. C. , Girin T. , Fleurisson E. , Phommabouth E. , Mahfoudhi A. , Citerne S. , Berquin P. , Daniel-Vedele F. , Krapp A. , Ferrario-Méry S.
Published: March 2019

The Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) of grain cereals depends on nitrate (NO3−) uptake from the soil, translocation to the aerial parts, nitrogen (N) assimilation and remobilization to the grains. Brachypodium distachyon has been proposed as a model species to identify the molecular players and mechanisms that affects these processes, for the improvement of temperate C3 cereals. We report on the developmental, physiological and grain-characteristic responses of the Bd21-3 accession of Brachypodium to variations in NO3− availability. As previously described in wheat and barley, we show that vegetative growth, shoot/root ratio, tiller formation, spike development, tissue NO3− and N contents, grain number per plant, grain yield and grain N content are sensitive to pre- and/or post-anthesis NO3− supply. We subsequently described constitutive and NO3−-inducible components of both High and Low Affinity Transport Systems (HATS and LATS) for root NO3− uptake, and BdNRT2/3 candidate genes potentially involved in the HATS. Taken together, our data validate Brachypodium Bd21-3 as a model to decipher cereal N nutrition. Apparent specificities such as high grain N content, strong post-anthesis NO3− uptake and efficient constitutive HATS, further identify Brachypodium as a direct source of knowledge for crop improvement.
Quantitative Estimation of the Equivalent Radiation Dose Escalation using Radiofrequency Hyperthermia in Mouse Xenograft Models of Human Lung Cancer
Authors: Prasad Bibin , Kim Subin , Cho Woong , Kim Jung Kyung , Kim Young A. , Kim Suzy , Wu Hong Gyun
Published: March 2019

Hyperthermia is a potent radiosensitizer, and its effect varies according to the different types of cancer cells. In the present study, the radiosensitizing effect of hyperthermia on lung cancer cell lines A549 and NCI-H1299 was determined based on the equivalent radiation dose escalation. In vitro cell experiments were conducted using lung cancer cell lines A549 and NCI-H1299 to determine thermal radiosensitivity. In vivo experiments were conducted using mouse heterotopic xenograft models to determine the treatment response and increase in the temperature of tumors using a 13.56 MHz radiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia device. Using the α and β values of the linear–quadratic equations of cell survival curves, numerical simulations were performed to calculate the equivalent radiation dose escalations. The dielectric properties of tumors were measured, and their effect on the calculated equivalent radiation dose was analyzed. Hyperthermia increased the equivalent radiation dose of lung cancer xenografts and a higher escalation was found in NCI-H1299 cells compared with that observed in A549 cells. An underestimation of the calculated equivalent radiation dose was observed when the dielectric property of the tumor was varied. This study may contribute to the effective planning of thermoradiotherapy in clinics.
Impact resistance of composite magnetic metamaterials
Authors: Dudek Krzysztof K. , Wolak Wiktor , Gatt Ruben , Grima Joseph N.
Published: March 2019

In this work, through numerical studies, we show the possibility of designing composites in a form of magneto-mechanical metamaterials which are capable of exhibiting an enhanced impact resistance in comparison to their non-magnetic counterparts. We also show that it is possible to control the impact resistance of the system solely by means of the magnitude of the magnetic moment associated with magnetic inclusions inserted into the system as well as through the way how magnetic inclusions are distributed within the structure. The latter result is particularly interesting as in this work we show that through the appropriate distribution of magnetic inclusions it is possible to minimise the force that is being transferred to an object through the protective mechanical metamaterial. It is also suggested that the concept proposed in this work can be implemented in the case of already existing protective devices such as military-related protective devices and car bumpers in order to increase their efficiency.
Multi-scale stochastic organization-oriented coarse-graining exemplified on the human mitotic checkpoint
Authors: Henze Richard , Mu Chunyan , Puljiz Mate , Kamaleson Nishanthan , Huwald Jan , Haslegrave John , di Fenizio Pietro Speroni , Parker David , Good Christopher , Rowe Jonathan E. , Ibrahim Bashar , Dittrich Peter
Published: March 2019

The complexity of biological models makes methods for their analysis and understanding highly desirable. Here, we demonstrate the orchestration of various novel coarse-graining methods by applying them to the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint. We begin with a detailed fine-grained spatial model in which individual molecules are simulated moving and reacting in a three-dimensional space. A sequence of manual and automatic coarse-grainings finally leads to the coarsest deterministic and stochastic models containing only four molecular species and four states for each kinetochore, respectively. We are able to relate each more coarse-grained level to a finer one, which allows us to relate model parameters between coarse-grainings and which provides a more precise meaning for the elements of the more abstract models. Furthermore, we discuss how organizational coarse-graining can be applied to spatial dynamics by showing spatial organizations during mitotic checkpoint inactivation. We demonstrate how these models lead to insights if the model has different “meaningful” behaviors that differ in the set of (molecular) species. We conclude that understanding, modeling and analyzing complex bio-molecular systems can greatly benefit from a set of coarse-graining methods that, ideally, can be automatically applied and that allow the different levels of abstraction to be related.
Calmodulin-specific small interfering RNA induces consistent expression suppression and morphological changes in Echinococcus granulosus
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Mohammad , Afgar Ali , Mohammadi Mohammad Ali , Mortezaei Seifollah , Sadeghi Balal , Harandi Majid Fasihi
Published: March 2019

Among parasitic helminths, biological features of Echinococcus granulosus have been a focus of particular interest in biology and medicine. The determinants and underlying molecular mechanisms of Echinococcus development in different host settings is largely unknown. The phenomenal bi-directional development of E. granulosus protoscoleces into multi-proglottid and/or microcysts, is a fascinating feature of the parasite cultivation. Calmodulin (CaM) is the major intracellular Ca2+ binding protein in plant and animal organisms. Many Ca2+-related processes in the physiology of eukaryotic organisms are CaM-dependent, however little is known on the role of CaM in platyhelminths growth and development. Small interfering (si) RNA-induced manipulations of the genes involving in the parasite development is an opportunity to explore novel approaches for cystic echinococcosis (CE) prevention and management. Regarding the fundamental role of CaM in cellular function of the parasites, in this study, we investigated the molecular and morphological changes induced by siRNA on CaM in different in vitro stages of E. granulosus. Three developmental stages of the tapeworm, protoscoleces, microcysts and strobilated worms, were cultivated in vitro in mono- and di-phasic media and three delivery methods, i.e. electroporation, soaking and electro-soaking, were used for RNA interference. The level of mRNA suppression as well as the phenotypic changes of the parasites were measured. Following RNA interference, EgCaM mRNA suppressions of 65–99% were recorded in different stages of the tapeworm as compared to untreated/unrelated siRNA controls. Lower viability, growth retardation, morphological abnormalities as well as EgCaM expression suppression were documented in the parasite implying potential of siRNA technology for the prevention and management of CE.
Optogenetic study of the response interaction among multi-afferent inputs in the barrel cortex of rats
Authors: Liu Yueren , Ohshiro Tomokazu , Sakuragi Shigeo , Koizumi Kyo , Mushiake Hajime , Ishizuka Toru , Yawo Hiromu
Published: March 2019

We investigated the relationship between whisker mechanoreceptive inputs and the neural responses to optical stimulation in layer 2/upper 3 (L2/U3) of the barrel cortex using optogenetics since, ideally, we should investigate interactions among inputs with spatiotemporal acuity. Sixteen whisker points of a transgenic rat (W-TChR2V4), that expresses channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2)-Venus conjugate (ChR2V) in the peripheral nerve endings surrounding the whisker follicles, were respectively connected one-by-one with 16 LED-coupled optical fibres, which illuminated the targets according to a certain pattern in order to evaluate interactions among the inputs in L2/U3. We found that the individual L2/U3 neurons frequently received excitatory inputs from multiple whiskers that were arrayed in a row. Although the interactions among major afferent inputs (MAIs) were negligible, negative interactions with the surrounding inputs suggest that the afferent inputs were integrated in the cortical networks to enhance the contrast of an array to its surroundings. With its simplicity, reproducibility and spatiotemporal acuity, the optogenetic approach would provide an alternative way to understand the principles of afferent integration in the cortex and should complement knowledge obtained by experiments using more natural stimulations.
Use of IP-10 detection in dried plasma spots for latent tuberculosis infection diagnosis in contacts via mail
Authors: Villar-Hernández R. , Latorre I. , De Souza-Galvão M. L. , Jiménez M. A. , Ruiz-Manzano J. , Pilarte J. , García-García E. , Muriel-Moreno B. , Cantos A. , Altet N. , Millet J. P. , González-Díaz Y. , Molina-Pinargote I. , Prat C. , Ruhwald M. , Domínguez J.
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to test the use of IP-10 detection in dried plasma from contact studies individuals (contacts of smear positive patients), by comparing it with IP-10 and IFN-γ detection in direct plasma, to establish IP-10 detection in DPS as a useful assay for LTBI diagnosis. Whole blood samples were collected from 80 subjects: 12 with active tuberculosis (TB), and 68 from contact studies. The amount of IFN-γ produced by sensitized T cells was determined in direct plasma by QuantiFERON Gold In-Tube test. IP-10 levels were determined in direct and dried plasma by an in-house ELISA. For dried plasma IP-10 determination, two 25 µl plasma drops were dried in Whatman903 filter paper and sent by mail to the laboratory. Regarding TB patients, 100.0%, 91.7% and 75.0% were positive for IFN-γ detection and IP-10 detection in direct and dried plasma, respectively. In contacts, 69.1%, 60.3% and 48.5% had positive results after IFN-γ and IP-10 in direct and dried plasma, respectively. The agreement among in vitro tests was substantial and IP-10 levels in direct and dried plasma were strongly correlated (r = 0.897). In conclusion, IP-10 detection in dried plasma is a simple and safe method that would help improve LTBI management.
Author Correction: Trends in weather type frequencies across North America
Authors: Lee Cameron C. , Sheridan Scott C.
Published: March 2019

In the original version of the article, the wrong image was supplied for Fig. 4. This error has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of this article.
An improved scoring method for the identification of endogenous peptides based on the Mascot MS/MS ion search
Authors: Chen Ying-Lan , Chang Wei-Hung , Lee Chi-Ying , Chen Yet-Ran
Published: March 2019

This study demonstrates how sub-ranked hits can be utilized to further improve identification performance of endogenous peptides.
Molecular chaperone prefoldin-assisted biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles with improved size distribution and dispersion
Authors: Djohan Yovita , Azukizawa Tomoki , Patmawati Patmawati , Sakai Kotaro , Yano Yuki , Sato Fumiya , Takahashi Ryoji , Yohda Masafumi , Maeda Mizuo , Kamiya Noriho , Zako Tamotsu
Published: March 2019

We demonstrated molecular chaperone prefoldin-assisted biocatalytic synthesis of size-controlled and dispersed gold nanoparticles using glycerol dehydrogenase enzyme.
Cell-secreted extracellular matrix influences cellular composition sequestered from unprocessed bone marrow aspirate for osteogenic grafts
Authors: Harvestine Jenna N. , Saiz, Jr. Augustine M. , Leach J. Kent
Published: March 2019

Bone marrow aspirates provide a rich source of cells for use in tissue engineering of bone and other clinical indications.
Cross-linker effect on solute adsorption in swollen thermoresponsive polymer networks
Authors: Milster Sebastian , Chudoba Richard , Kanduč Matej , Dzubiella Joachim
Published: March 2019

Molecular dynamics study on the solute adsorption to thermoresponsive polymers estimating the cross-link impact on particle partitioning in swollen hydrogels.
Chitosan based in situ and ex situ magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for rapid endotoxin removal from protein solutions
Authors: Konwar Achyut , Chowdhury Devasish , Dan Abhijit
Published: March 2019

Chitosan based iron oxide nanoparticles have been employed for reversible capture and removal of bacterial endotoxin from aqueous protein solutions.
The study of cationic waterborne polyurethanes modified by two different forms of polydimethylsiloxane
Authors: Yu Qing , Pan Peiting , Du Zongliang , Du Xiaosheng , Wang Haibo , Cheng Xu
Published: March 2019

Two kinds of dimethylpolysiloxane, KF-6001 and X-22-176-DX, were used to modify polyurethane.
In silico design of mimosine containing peptides as new efficient chelators of aluminum
Authors: Mujika J. I. , Dalla Torre G. , Lachowicz J. I. , Lopez X.
Published: March 2019

A novel chelator of aluminum is presented, a peptide containing three mimosine residues.
Annihilator dimers enhance triplet fusion upconversion
Authors: Pun Andrew B. , Sanders Samuel N. , Sfeir Matthew Y. , Campos Luis M. , Congreve Daniel N.
Published: March 2019

Optical upconversion is a net process by which two low energy photons are converted into one higher energy photon.
Neutral boron [(L1-3)BPh2] and cationic charged boron [(L1a-3a)BPh2] complexes for chemical CO2 conversion to obtain cyclic carbonates under ambient conditions
Authors: Kilic Ahmet , Yasar Eyyup , Aytar Emine
Published: March 2019

Three neutral salen ligands (L1-3) with three cationic charged salen ligands (L1a-3a) and the corresponding neutral boron [(L1-3)BPh2] and cationic charged boron [(L1a-3a)BPh2] compounds have been successfully synthesized and characterized under ambient conditions.
Salecan polysaccharide-based hydrogels and their applications: a review
Authors: Qi Xiaoliang , Wei Wei , Shen Jianliang , Dong Wei
Published: March 2019

This review systematically summarizes for the first time the recent progress on hydrogels containing salecan polysaccharides.
Zero-power consuming intruder identification system by enhanced piezoelectricity of K0.5Na0.5NbO3 using substitutional doping of BTO NPs
Authors: Vivekananthan Venkateswaran , Alluri Nagamalleswara Rao , Chandrasekhar Arunkumar , Purusothaman Yuvasree , Gupta Aayush , Kim Sang-Jae
Published: March 2019

The rapid urbanisation and high population density of all nations requires the development of sustainable security systems at all times which can protect people and their belongings against burglaries.
Synthesis, characterization, and formulation of poly-puerarin as a biodegradable and biosafe drug delivery platform for anti-cancer therapy
Authors: Yi Tianqi , Huang Jun , Chen Xuewen , Xiong Haiyun , Kang Yang , Wu Jun
Published: March 2019

Poly-puerarin, a novel biodegradable biomaterial as a drug delivery platform in anti-tumour therapy.
Crosslinking catalytic hairpin assembly for high-contrast imaging of multiple mRNAs in living cells
Authors: Huang Du-Juan , Cao Ting , Huang Zhi-Mei , Wu Zhenkun , Tang Li-Juan , Jiang Jian-Hui
Published: March 2019

A novel DNA nanotetrad mediated crosslinking catalytic hairpin assembly has been developed for high-contrast imaging of multiple mRNAs in living cells.
Design of a Zn-MOF biosensor via a ligand “lock” for the recognition and distinction of S-containing amino acids
Authors: Wu Xiao-Qin , Liu Yan , Feng Pei-Qi , Wei Xue-Hong , Yang Guang-Ming , Qiu Xiao-Hang , Ma Jian-Gong
Published: March 2019

A new method of introducing a ‘lock’ ligand into the frame of MOFs is described to achieve the first example of a MOF-based biosensor for the recognition and distinction of S-containing amino acids.
Correction: Alkoxy radicals generation: facile photocatalytic reduction of N-alkoxyazinium or azolium salts
Authors: Capaldo Luca , Ravelli Davide
Published: March 2019

Correction for ‘Alkoxy radicals generation: facile photocatalytic reduction of N-alkoxyazinium or azolium salts’ by Luca Capaldo et al., Chem. Commun., 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00035f.
Face indexing and shape analysis of salicylamide crystals grown in different solvents
Authors: Lynch Aisling , Verma Vivek , Zeglinski Jacek , Bannigan Pauric , Rasmuson Åke
Published: March 2019

The effect of solvent on salicylamide's crystal habit was investigated. It is deduced that ethyl acetate is adsorbed more strongly on the faces, the increased size of which, can explain the shape change.
Ultrafast synthesis of nanosized Ti-Beta as an efficient oxidation catalyst via a structural reconstruction method
Authors: Wang Bowen , Xu Hao , Zhu Zhiguo , Guan Yejun , Wu Peng
Published: March 2019

Nanosized Ti-Beta with high hydrophobicity was efficiently prepared via a structural reconstruction method using DA-Beta as the silica source with the assistance of TEAOH and F−. The obtained Ti-Beta exhibits high catalytic activity in the epoxidation of cyclohexene.
Selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid over Au/CeO2 catalysts: the morphology effect of CeO2
Authors: Li Qingqing , Wang Haiyong , Tian Zhipeng , Weng Yujing , Wang Chenguang , Ma Jianru , Zhu Chaofeng , Li Wenzhi , Liu Qiying , Ma Longlong
Published: March 2019

A morphological effect of Au/CeO2 catalysts in 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) oxidation.
Animal study of the anti-diarrhea effect and microbial diversity of dark tea produced by the Yao population of Guangxi
Authors: Mo Lan , Zeng Zhen , Li Yun , Li Dan , Yan Chang-yu , Xiao Sui , Huang Ya-hui
Published: March 2019

Chinese dark teas (CDTs) are a special type of tea traditionally consumed by ethnic minorities around the border regions of China.
Reductive amination of ethyl levulinate to pyrrolidones over AuPd nanoparticles at ambient hydrogen pressure
Authors: Muzzio Michelle , Yu Chao , Lin Honghong , Yom Typher , Boga Dilek A. , Xi Zheng , Li Na , Yin Zhouyang , Li Junrui , Dunn Joshua A. , Sun Shouheng
Published: March 2019

Efficient and reusable AuPd alloy nanocatalysts facilitate the conversion of biomass derivatives to useful pyrrolidones under the mildest reported conditions.
Elastin-like polypeptides as building motifs toward designing functional nanobiomaterials
Authors: Le Duc H. T. , Sugawara-Narutaki Ayae
Published: March 2019

Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are exquisite building motifs in designing self-assembling protein polymers with dynamic functions.
Electrochemical trifluoromethylation/semipinacol rearrangement sequences of alkenyl alcohols: synthesis of β-CF3-substituted ketones
Authors: Jung Hye Im , Kim Yubin , Kim Dae Young
Published: March 2019

Electrochemical oxidative radical trifluoromethylation/semipinacol rearrangement sequences of alkenyl alcohols were developed in this study.
Gram-scale synthesis of luciferins derived from coelenterazine and original insights into their bioluminescence properties
Authors: Coutant Eloi P. , Goyard Sophie , Hervin Vincent , Gagnot Glwadys , Baatallah Racha , Jacob Yves , Rose Thierry , Janin Yves L.
Published: March 2019

An original three component synthetic access to coelenterazine and analogues can lead to grams of marine luciferins which are extensively used in bioluminescence-based assays.
Homojunction and defect synergy-mediated electron–hole separation for solar-driven mesoporous rutile/anatase TiO2 microsphere photocatalysts
Authors: Li Haoze , Sun Bojing , Yang Fan , Wang Zhen , Xu Yachao , Tian Guohui , Pan Kai , Jiang Baojiang , Zhou Wei
Published: March 2019

Mesoporous rutile/anatase TiO2 microspheres with surface defects are fabricated and exhibit excellent solar-driven photocatalytic performance due to synergistic effect of the homojunction and surface defects favoring efficient e–h separation.
Application of modulation excitation-phase sensitive detection-DRIFTS forin situ/operando characterization of heterogeneous catalysts
Authors: Srinivasan Priya D. , Patil Bhagyesha S. , Zhu Hongda , Bravo-Suárez Juan J.
Published: March 2019

A new more general method and guidelines for the implementation of modulation excitation-phase sensitive detection-diffuse reflectance Fourier transform spectroscopy (ME-PSD-DRIFTS).
Facile synthesis of 1D organic–inorganic perovskite micro-belts with high water stability for sensing and photonic applications
Authors: Yang Xiaogang , Ma Lu-Fang , Yan Dongpeng
Published: March 2019

The development of low-dimensional perovskite micro/nanostructures with high water stability for novel photonic/electronic applications is highly desirable.
Spatiotemporal imaging of electrocatalytic activity on single 2D gold nanoplates via electrogenerated chemiluminescence microscopy
Authors: Chen Ming-Ming , Zhao Wei , Zhu Meng-Jiao , Li Xiang-Ling , Xu Cong-Hui , Chen Hong-Yuan , Xu Jing-Juan
Published: March 2019

Spatiotemporal resolved electrocatalytic activity on single 2D gold nanoplates was imaged via electrogenerated chemiluminescence microscopy.
Assessment of toxicity reduction in ZnS substituted CdS:P3HT bulk heterojunction solar cells fabricated using a single-source precursor deposition
Authors: Bishop Matthew T. , Tomatis Marco , Zhang Wenjun , Peng Chuang , Chen George Z. , He Jun , Hu Di
Published: March 2019

An investigation into how replacing CdS with ZnS reduces toxicity and alters the power conversion efficiency in photovoltaic devices.
A self-templating method for metal–organic frameworks to construct multi-shelled bimetallic phosphide hollow microspheres as highly efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Du Yunmei , Zhang Mingjuan , Wang Zuochao , Liu Yanru , Liu Yongjun , Geng Yanling , Wang Lei
Published: March 2019

Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) via electrocatalysis using cost-efficient bimetallic phosphide as electrocatalyst holds a great promise for environmentally friendly energy technologies.
Holey graphene synthesized by electrochemical exfoliation for high-performance flexible microsupercapacitors
Authors: Lu An-Kang , Li Han-Yu , Yu Yao
Published: March 2019

Synthesis of functionalized holey graphene via a one-step anodic exfoliation of graphite in a binary electrolyte cell configuration.
Ultra-stable 4H-gold nanowires up to 800 °C in a vacuum
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhao Zhi Liang , Cai Chao , Li Hui , Gu Meng
Published: March 2019

The in situ TEM observation disclosed that the 4H-phase Au nanowire can maintain stable ABCB stacking up to 800 °C without significant phase changes or melting.
Machine learning‐resistant pseudo‐random number generator
Authors: Wen Yiming , Yu Weize
Published: March 2019

Conventional pseudo‐random number generator (PRNG) is vulnerable to machine learning (ML) attacks since algorithms are used to generate the random number. Physical unclonable function (PUF) is a kind of hardware security primitive that can also be cracked by ML attacks. However, the main security difference between a regular PRNG and a PUF is that training the output data of a regular PRNG is sufficient to break the PRNG while the challenge‐to‐response pairs of a PUF must be available for a successful training. In order to design a ML‐resistant PRNG, in this Letter, the output data of a regular PRNG is fed into a PUF to generate the encrypted data first. Then the encrypted data is added to the output data of the other regular PRNG to create the output data for the ML‐resistant PRNG. Since the input challenge of the PUF is concealed, the adversary is unable to model the PUF with ML techniques. The result shows that the training accuracy of a single output bit of the ML‐resistant PRNG is only about 52.6% even if 200,000 data are sampled for training. In contrast, only 50,000 data are adequate to break a regular PRNG if ML attacks are executed.
Simplified implementation of SVPWM techniques for a six‐phase machine with reduced current distortion features
Authors: Shaikh Mohammed Suhel , Maurya Rakesh
Published: March 2019

In this study, space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) methods for six‐phase asymmetrical ac drives are discussed including continuous and discontinuous switching sequences. These switching sequences are adapted from the carrier‐based PWM techniques. Some additional sequences are also derived which reduce the intricacy of programming algorithm. Total six pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques are selected for simulation and experimentation. The comparative performances of these modulation techniques are studied in terms of harmonic distortion factor (HDF), torque and current ripples and switching losses. Based on study, a new PWM technique termed as 6SVM3‐B2 is found that leads to the lowest HDF and current ripple in prototype model.
Investigation on non‐linear aspects of pattern reconfigurable hexagon shaped planar loop antenna
Authors: Pant Arun , Kumar Lalit , Gupta Ravi Dutt , Parihar Manoj Singh
Published: March 2019

A planar electronically pattern‐reconfigurable antenna based on Alford‐loop‐type hexagon shaped radiator is presented. The antenna consists of three half‐wavelength dipole radiators arranged on both sides of an FR‐4 substrate. It has an overall profile of 0.47λ0 × 0.47λ0 × 0.012λ0 (λ0 free space wavelength at 2.35 GHz). The bottom ground layer is tapered to allow impedance matching. Three PIN diodes are used to control the direction of radiation pattern by switching them in a controlled manner. Thus the antenna provides reconfigurable radiation patterns in six spatial directions with by switching three PIN diodes in ON and OFF states. The antenna has a measured impedance bandwidth of 2.35–to 2.45 GHz (4.16% fractional Bandwidth) and steers the beam in six directions 0°, 60°, 120°, 180°, 240°, and 300° covering the entire azimuthal plane. The antenna offers a maximum measured gain of 2.66 dB with simulated efficiency over 75%. Further, an investigation of non‐linear effects due to PIN diodes shows that the antenna operates in the linear region up to an input power level of 27 dBm where the strength of received spurious harmonic and intermodulation signals is negligible. It makes the antenna suitable for indoor and short‐range communication applications in the 2.4 GHz band.
Harmonic‐tuned continuum mode active load modulation output combiner for the design of broadband asymmetric Doherty power amplifiers
Authors: Naah Gideon , He Songbai , Shi Weimin , Li Caoyu , Nusenu Shaddrack Yaw
Published: March 2019

The conventional Doherty output combiner limits the bandwidth of operation in the asymmetric Doherty power amplifiers (DPAs). In this study, an output combiner that is designed using a harmonic‐tuned continuum mode active load modulation technique is proposed with the main target of extending the bandwidth of operation in the asymmetric DPAs. Through this methodology, design equations are derived and multiple harmonic impedance solutions are provided. This offers greater freedom for designing the output combiner of the asymmetric DPA which consists of the impedance inverting network and the impedance transforming network. Moreover, enhancements in the efficiencies at back‐off and saturation power levels are made possible. The efficacy of the design strategy is demonstrated by the realised broadband asymmetric DPA prototype working within the band of 1.4–2.45 GHz. The experimental results have shown 54.55% bandwidth of operation, accounting for about 0.95–12.55% increment in bandwidth as compared with some recently published DPAs in the literature. Substantially, drain efficiencies within 35.5–52% at 6 dB output power back‐off level and 47.5–64.2% at peaking power level are also recorded from the experiments. The maximum output power and gain are recorded at 43.52 dBm and 13.03 dB, respectively.
Black hole mass and spin estimates of the most distant quasars
Authors: Campitiello Samuele , Celotti Annalisa , Ghisellini Gabriele , Sbarrato Tullia
Published: March 2019

We investigate the properties of the most distant quasars ULASJ134208.10+092838.61 (z = 7.54), ULASJ112001.48+064124.3 (z = 7.08) and DELSJ003836.10–152723.6 (z = 7.02) studying their Optical-UV emission that shows clear evidence of the presence of an accretion disk. We model such emission applying the relativistic disk models KERRBB and SLIMBH for which we have derived some analytical approximations to describe the observed emission as a function of the black hole mass, accretion rate, spin and the viewing angle. We found that: 1) our black hole mass estimates are compatible with the ones found using the virial argument but with a smaller uncertainty; 2) assuming that the virial argument is a reliable method to have a black hole mass measurement (with no systematic uncertainties involved), we found an upper limit for the black hole spin of the three sources: very high spin values are ruled out; 3) our Eddington ratio estimates are smaller than those found in previous studies by a factor ∼2: all sources are found to be sub-Eddington. Using our results, we explore the parameter space (efficiency, accretion rate) to describe the possible evolution of the black hole assuming a ∼102 − 4 M⊙ seed: if the black hole in these sources formed at redshift z = 10 − 20, we found that the accretion has to proceed at the Eddington rate with a radiative efficiency η ∼ 0.1 in order to reach the observed masses in less than ∼0.7 Gyr.
LOS Displacements of Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii Island, as determined using SBAS-InSAR
Authors: Grzesiak Karolina , Milczarek Wojciech J.
Published: March 2019

This paper presents an overview of the surface displacements retrieval capability of the Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry algorithm, using Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) technique, in the context of active volcanic areas. Based on Sentinel-1A images, time series displacements fields of the Mauna Loa volcano area over a 2-year time interval (between 2015 and 2017) were received using batch processing. Based on 35 radar images, a total of 179 interferograms have been calculated. Methodology of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Sentinel-1 ESA satellite mission data processing with small base (SBAS) interferometric techniques from has been presented. The displacements calculated in the satellite’s Line of Sight (LOS) have been presented graphically on maps and graphs. Application of radar interferometry methods in the case of volcanic surface activity research creates new possibilities in the area of permanent monitoring of this type of areas.
Modelling of air flow rate in significantly flattened rounded rectangular ventilation ducts
Authors: Peszynski Kazimierz , Novosád Jan , Smyk Emil , Olszewski Lukasz , Dančová Petra
Published: March 2019

Paper presents new mathematical model for air flow velocity distribution in rounded rectangular ducts and its experimental verification. In papers [1, 2] an mathematical model based on modified Prandtl equation for power power-law velocity profile was determined. It works very well for smaller cross sections. During the study of larger cross sections new phenomena in flowing air have been observed, it forced the search for a new model. The new model is based on a rounded rectangular division into two parts: slot and rounded square.
Simulator with integrated HW and SW for prediction of thermal comfort to provide feedback to the climate control system
Authors: Pokorný Jan , Kopečková Barbora , Fišer Jan , JÍcha Miroslav
Published: March 2019

The aim of the paper is to assemble a simulator for evaluation of thermal comfort in car cabins in order to give a feedback to the HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) system. The HW (hardware) part of simulator is formed by thermal manikin Newton and RH (relative humidity), velocity and temperature probes. The SW (software) part consists of the Thermal Comfort Analyser (using ISO 14505-2) and Virtual Testing Stand of Car Cabin defining the heat loads of car cabin. Simulator can provide recommendation for the climate control how to improve thermal comfort in cabin by distribution and directing of air flow, and also by amount of ventilation power to keep optimal temperature inside a cabin. The methods of evaluation of thermal comfort were verified by tests with 10 test subjects for summer (summer clothing, ambient air temperature 30 °C, HVAC setup: +24 °C auto) and winter conditions (winter clothing, ambient air temperature -5 °C, HVAC setup: +18 °C auto). The tests confirmed the validity of the thermal comfort evaluation using the thermal manikin and ISO 14505-2.
CFD study of the thermal transfer of a non-Newtonian fluid within a tank mechanically stirred by an anchor-shaped impeller
Authors: Rahmani L. , Seghier O. , Benmoussa A. , Draoui B.
Published: March 2019

The most of operations of chemical, biochemical or petrochemical industries are carried out in tanks or in reactors which are mechanically-controlled. The optimum mode of operation of these devices requires a finalized knowledge of the thermo-hydrodynamic behavior induced by the agitator. In the present work, the characterization of the incompressible hydrodynamic and thermal fields of a non-Newtonian fluid (Bingham) in a flat, non-baffled cylindrical vessel fitted with anchor agitator was undertaken by numerical simulation, using the CFD code Fluent (6.3.26) based on the finite volume discretization method of the energy equation and the Navier-Stokes equations which are formulated in (U.V.P) variables. We have summarized this simulated system by comparing of the consumed power and the Nusselt number for this type of mobile (Anchor agitator).
Computational domain discretization in numerical analysis of flow within granular materials
Authors: Sosnowski Marcin
Published: March 2019

The discretization of computational domain is a crucial step in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) because it influences not only the numerical stability of the analysed model but also the agreement of obtained results and real data. Modelling flow in packed beds of granular materials is a very challenging task in terms of discretization due to the existence of narrow spaces between spherical granules contacting tangentially in a single point. Standard approach to this issue results in a low quality mesh and unreliable results in consequence. Therefore the common method is to reduce the diameter of the modelled granules in order to eliminate the single-point contact between the individual granules. The drawback of such method is the adulteration of flow and contact heat resistance among others. Therefore an innovative method is proposed in the paper: single-point contact is extended to a cylinder-shaped volume contact. Such approach eliminates the low quality mesh elements and simultaneously introduces only slight distortion to the flow as well as contact heat transfer. The performed analysis of numerous test cases prove the great potential of the proposed method of meshing the packed beds of granular materials.
Beer foam decay: effect of glass surface quality and CO2 content
Authors: Šulc Radek , Bojas Jiří
Published: March 2019

The effect of beer glass surface quality and CO2 content in beer on foam decay was investigated using our experimental method. The effect of beer glass surface quality on foam decay was experimentally investigated for: i) cold & clean glass surface, ii) warm & clean glass surface, iii) cold & greasy glass surface, and iv) cold & dusty glass surface. The fastest foam decay was observed for greasy glass surface. It was found that increasing CO2 content in beer: i) the liquid content in the foam decreases, and ii) the foam breaks down faster. The foam decay and growth kinetics of foam-liquid interface were statistically treated using own models.
HYSTERESIS OF PLANAR DOUBLE SLOT IMPINGING AIR JETS
Authors: Tisovský Tomáš , Vít Tomáš
Published: March 2019

In present study, the bistability and hysteresis of the non-isothermal flow behind two slot nozzle is numerically investigated. Theoretical review of bistability of isothermal stagnation flow is presented and both flow field patterns that exist in the region of bistability are commented on. Hysteresis is found in number of conducted simulations and effects of various parameter changes are discussed. Moreover, the mechanism of transition from one flow field pattern to another is discussed for both transition directions. In conclusion, validity of 2D simulation results against real 3D problems is of concern and general contribution of this research is discussed. Throughout this work, emphasis is on applications regarding heat transfer.
Evaluation of the structures size in the liquid-gas flow by gamma-ray absorption
Authors: Zych Marcin , Hanus Robert , Jaszczur Marek , Świsulski Dariusz , Petryka Leszek , Jodłowski Paweł , Zych Piotr
Published: March 2019

The rapid development of tomography methods particularly electrical, X and gamma rays allows for a wide range of the information about flow structure. However, all of such methods are quite complicated. At the same time much simpler systems as the measuring system of gamma rays absorption, allows to obtain a all key flow information which describe the two-phase flow. In the article the results of analyzes of radiometric signal that not only allow to recognize the type of flow, but also the assessment of forming structures are presented. Calculation and interpretation of the data were based on the crosscorrelation and cross-spectral density function. In order to verify the calculations the photographic documentation made during the measurements was used.
Hörgesundheit: lärminduzierter Hörverlust droht bei
häufiger Lärmexposition
Authors: Schaaf Helmut
Published: March 2019

Hussain T et al. Early Indication of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Young Adult
Users of Personal Listening Devices. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2018; 127:
703–709

Tragbare Medienabspielgeräte haben eine enorme Anziehungskraft entwickelt,
nicht zuletzt durch die Einführung des iPod von Apple im Jahr 2001. Die
Integration solcher Abspielgeräte in Mobiltelefone hat ihre Verwendung
insbesondere bei jungen Erwachsenen weiter erhöht, was Anlass zur Besorgnis
hinsichtlich schädlicher Auswirkungen auf das Gehör gibt.