bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical Study of Three Cannulated Screws Configurations for Femur Neck Fracture: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Cui Zengzhen , Fan Jixing , Cao Yuan , Fu Yuliang , Bai Liangyu , Lv Yang
Published: September 2024

Background

To improve the performance of cannulated screws (CSs) in the treatment of femoral neck fractures (FNF), a number of new screw configurations have been proposed. However, most of the studies have only analyzed the biomechanical performance of different screw configurations under static conditions. This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical performance of three cannulated screws configurations under different loadings through finite element analysis.

Methods

In this FEA study, nine numerical models of proximal femur were employed to analyze the mechanical response of various fracture types and different fixation strategies (three inverted triangular parallel cannulated screws (TCS), four non-parallel cannulated screws (FCS) and biplane double-supported screw fixation (BDSF) respectively). The maximum principal strain (MPS) on the proximal femur and the von Mises stress on the screws were compared for different models.

Results

In Pauwels I and II fractures, FCS had the lowest peak MPS on the proximal femur and the BDSF had highest peak MPS value. In Pauwels III fractures, BDSF performance in MPS is improved and better than FCS under partial loading conditions. FCS exhibits the lowest von Mises stress in all load conditions for all fracture types, demonstrating minimal risk of screws breakage.

Conclusions

FCS is an ideal screw configuration for the treatment of FNF. And BDSF has shown potential in the treatment of Pauwels type III FNF.
Current evidence on CA-125 levels in differentiation between endometriomas and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer – A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Feduniw Stepan , Pruc Michal , Ciebiera Michał , Safiejko Kamil , Bizon Magdalena , Szarpak Lukasz
Published: September 2024

Background:

Although significant advancements have been made in the diagnostic and therapeutic methods of gynecological oncology, ovarian cancer continues to pose a significant challenge. The measurement of CA-125 levels is commonly considered the preferred approach for assessing the necessity of surgical intervention, hence guaranteeing a conclusive diagnosis. The objective of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of existing literature about the effectiveness of serum CA-125 levels in distinguishing between endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC) from ovarian endometrioma.

Material and methods:

The researchers conducted separate searches in the PubMed and Web of Science databases to identify peer-reviewed papers that examined the serum or plasma CA-125 marker. The search was conducted from the start of both databases until April 4th, 2024.

Results:

After conducting a literature search, a total of 114 studies were identified for review. Out of these, three studies satisfied the inclusion criteria and were consequently included. The results of the pooled analysis indicate that there is no statistically significant difference between the groups (336.3 ± 667.6 vs 530.6 ± 548.9, respectively; standard deviation = 0.51; 95% confidence interval: −0.63 to 1.64; p = 0.39).

Conclusion:

Unfortunately, the biomarker CA-125, which is commonly selected, has exhibited restricted effectiveness in distinguishing between EAOC and endometriomas. The existing body of literature on this topic indicates a significant dearth of research regarding the use of CA-125 as a means of differentiating between EAOC and endometriomas. Enhanced diagnostic techniques are necessary for the detection and characterization of ovarian tumors, encompassing those originating from endometriosis.
Ten Likely Changes to Immigration Policy Under Trump 2.0
Authors: Carlson Elizabeth , Wheeler Charles
Published: September 2024

Executive Summary

During his first administration, former President Trump adopted aggressive anti-immigrant policies, which included family separation, a ban on individuals from Muslim-majority countries, stringent border policies like the Remain in Mexico and Title 42, and attempted terminations of programs such as Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) and Temporary Protected Status (TPS) for several national groups. Attorneys and representatives for immigrants had some success in pushing back against the administration’s most extreme measures through litigation and advocacy.

Should they return to the White House, Trump and his supporters have promised to enact an even more draconian anti-immigrant agenda, including a commitment to conducting the largest mass deportation in U.S. history, ending birthright citizenship (which is guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment), and revoking humanitarian protections for those already in the United States. Many of these efforts, of course, will be challenged in court. This article summarizes 10 likely immigration initiatives under a second Trump administration. It seeks to educate members of the public who value the crucial role and myriad contributions of immigrants and refugees — past and present — in the United States. It will also outline how advocates can fight to protect their clients from these measures.
What to Consider When Considering Differential Privacy for Policy
Authors: Nanayakkara Priyanka , Hullman Jessica
Published: September 2024

Differential privacy (DP) is a mathematical definition of privacy that can be widely applied when publishing data. DP has been recognized as a potential means of adhering to various privacy-related legal requirements. However, it can be difficult to reason about whether DP may be appropriate for a given context due to tensions that arise when it is brought from theory into practice. To aid policymaking around privacy concerns, we identify three categories of challenges to understanding DP along with associated questions that policymakers can ask about the potential deployment context to anticipate its impacts.
Empowering Communities Through Citizen Entrepreneurship: A Case Study of the #Wirvsvirus Project and Its Impact
Authors: Schikarski Larissa
Published: September 2024

This article explores Citizen Entrepreneurship (CE) as a powerful tool for addressing global challenges through local action, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Focusing on the #WirvsVirus project in Germany, the study analyzes the theoretical underpinnings, practical applications, and future implications of CE. Key elements such as collective efficacy, proximity, and user-producer identities are discussed, offering a comprehensive framework for understanding CE’s role in fostering social innovation and community resilience.
Systemic Failings or “Isolated Incidents”? A Discourse Analysis of Corporate Blame Avoidance for the Mistreatment of Immigration Detainees
Authors: Schlembach Raphael , Hart Emily Luise
Published: September 2024

This article draws on data from a major public inquiry in the UK to examine how the multinational corporation G4S sought to avoid blame for the mistreatment of immigration detainees in its care. Our analysis is based on a critical discourse analysis of oral and written evidence given by G4S and one of the company’s managing directors to the Brook House Inquiry. We show how discursive strategies of blame avoidance were prominent features of this evidence, including the scapegoating of individual custody officers, the legitimation of the profit-seeking management of immigration detention and the de-legitimation of those who brought the mistreatment of detainees to light. The article contributes to our understanding of the discursive practices employed by powerful actors to limit corporate responsibility for systemic failings.
Double-Level Torsional Osteotomy in Severe Torsional Malalignment: A Surgical Technique
Authors: Dickschas Jörg , Simon Michael , Harrer Jörg , Feucht Matthias J. , Lutter Christoph , Tischer Thomas
Published: September 2024

Background:

Torsional malalignment of the femur and/or tibia is associated with patellar maltracking, and torsional osteotomies have shown to improve clinical symptoms. In patients with severe torsional malalignment, a double-level torsional osteotomy may be necessary.

Indications:

Symptomatic torsional malalignment leading to patellofemoral maltracking associated with anterior knee pain and/or patellofemoral instability.

Technique Description:

A double-level torsional osteotomy correcting both increased internal femoral torsion and increased external tibial torsion, is described. Meticulous preoperative deformity analysis and planning of the osteotomy is mandatory. An arthroscopy of the knee is performed first to evaluate the patellofemoral joint and patellar tracking. Tibial torsional correction is performed by a lateral approach. A biplanar osteotomy is performed, and the amount of torsional correction is controlled by 2 Schanz screws. Osteosynthesis can be done via a bended 5-hole DC-Plate or an angle-stable plate. The femoral osteotomy is performed by a medial approach. A uniplanar osteotomy is performed perpendicular to the mechanical axis of the femur. The amount of torsional correction is controlled by 2 Schanz screws. Osteosynthesis is achieved by an angle-stable plate.

Results:

Double-level torsional osteotomy has been shown to be an effective treatment for patients with patellar dislocation or subluxation associated with severe torsional malalignment. In a series of 18 patients, double-level osteotomy led to improved patellofemoral stability, decreased pain, and increases subjective outcome scores.

Discussion/Conclusion:

In patients with patellofemoral problems caused by a combined increased tibial external torsion and increased femoral internal torsion, a double-level torsional osteotomy is able to correct torsional angles to normal. Available clinical data on this procedure are promising.

Patient Consent Disclosure Statement:

The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
Ratio, rate, and proportion in Japanese curriculum materials
Authors: Watanabe Tad
Published: September 2024

Ratio, rate, and proportion are arguably the most important topics in the middle grades mathematics curriculum before algebra. The study reported here describes how Japanese mathematics curriculum materials treat these topics. The analyses were conducted on the official curriculum documents published by the Japanese Ministry of Education and one of the most widely used textbook series for Elementary and Lower Secondary School Mathematics. The results of the analyses show that the Japanese curriculum introduces and develops these topics across multiple grade levels as expected for such complex topics. However, the initial definition of a proportional relationship appears before students formally study ratios. Moreover, the Japanese materials emphasize solving missing-value proportion problems by using the definition of proportional relationships, rather than setting up a proportion equation with a missing value in the equation of the form [Formula: see text] where A, B, and D are given, and x is the unknown quantity. These and other aspects of how the Japanese curriculum materials approach these topics might be of interest to audiences outside of Japan.
Modeling the Moisture Content and Dry Matter Loss in Dynamic Woody Biomass Storage Piles with Variable Extraction
Authors: Niska Janel , Sandborn Peter , Gupta Ashwani , Burra Kiran Raj Goud
Published: September 2024

The urgent need to mitigate climate change has spurred significant interest in renewable energy sources. This paper explores the storage and processing of woody biomass for biofuel production, considering the dynamic nature of biomass piles in real-world scenarios. A model has been developed to analyze moisture content changes and dry matter loss in woody biomass stored in piles prior to processing, taking into account varying extraction methods and environmental conditions. Case studies that examine the effects of different unpiling methods (FIFO, LIFO, and homogeneous) on moisture content and dry matter loss under various feedstock arrival rates and weather conditions are presented. Results indicate that unpiling methods significantly impact moisture content, with LIFO typically resulting in higher moisture content due to the utilization of fresher feedstock. Dry matter loss increases with pile size and time, emphasizing the importance of accurate modeling for assessing carbon emissions and feedstock quality. Furthermore, the model highlights the importance of process loading order and extraction methods in biomass storage, suggesting potential cost benefits associated with decreased moisture content. The difference between different extraction methods could vary the moisture content in the feedstock reaching the biofuel process by as much as 37.6%, however dry matter loss varies minimally for realistic pile changes. Overall, this research contributes to a better understanding of biomass storage dynamics and informs sustainable biofuel production practices.
Associations Between Visceral and Liver Fat and Cardiac Structure and Function: A UK Biobank Study
Authors: Lv Zhi , Fu Yangzhi , Ma Yao , Liu Chang , Yuan Miao , Gao Dengfeng
Published: September 2024

Context

Different fat depots have different associations connected to cardiovascular health.

Objective

We assessed the associations of abdominal magnetic resonance–quantified visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and liver fat (proton density fat fraction, PDFF) with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)-measured cardiac structure and function, and we considered potential mechanisms.

Methods

Our study encompassed 10 920 participants from the UK Biobank. We utilized multiple linear regression and multiple mediation analyses to estimate the connections between VAT or PDFF and CMR metrics.

Results

Elevated VAT or PDFF exhibited associations with adverse left ventricular (LV) structure (increased wall thickness, concentric LV remodeling), impaired LV function (lower LV global functional index, absolute value of LV global longitudinal strain), and diminished left atrial volumes and stroke volume (all P values were significant). Upon stratifying participants based on VAT and PDFF combinations, all groups, except the low VAT-low PDFF group, were linked to unfavorable cardiac remodeling metrics. The high VAT-high PDFF group displayed the most pronounced cardiac alterations. Multiple mediation analyses were employed to investigate potential mediating roles of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diabetes, dyslipidemia, and blood biomarkers (lipidemia, transaminases) in the adipose-CMR relationship. The findings suggested that VAT or PDFF was related to SBP, diabetes, dyslipidemia, lipid profile, liver function, and glucose. Several potential mediating pathways were identified, primarily through SBP and triglyceride-glucose index, which only partially explained the adipose-CMR relationship.

Conclusion

We established the independent associations of VAT and PDFF with unhealthy cardiac structure and function. Furthermore, it identifies SBP and insulin resistance as important mediating factors.
The Subcutaneous Adipose Microenvironment as a Determinant of Body Fat Development in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Dumesic Daniel A , Rasouli Melody A , Katz Jessica D , Lu Gwyneth G , Dharanipragada Devyani , Turcu Adina F , Grogan Tristan R , Flores Kimberly E , Magyar Clara E , Abbott David H , Chazenbalk Gregorio D
Published: September 2024

Context

Adipose steroid metabolism modifies body fat development in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Objective

To determine whether subcutaneous (SC) abdominal adipose aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3; a marker of testosterone generation) is increased in normal-weight women with PCOS vs age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched normoandrogenic ovulatory women (controls) and is related to SC abdominal adipose activator protein-1 (AP-1; a marker of adipocyte differentiation) and/or androgen receptor (AR) protein expression in predicting fat accretion.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Academic center.

Patients

Eighteen normal-weight PCOS women; 17 age- and BMI-matched controls.

Intervention(s)

Circulating hormone/metabolic determinations, intravenous glucose tolerance testing, total body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, SC abdominal fat biopsy, immunohistochemistry.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Clinical characteristics, hormonal concentrations, body fat distribution, SC adipose AKR1C3, AR, and AP-1 protein expression.

Results

Women with PCOS had significantly higher serum androgen levels and greater android/gynoid fat mass ratios than controls. SC adipose AKR1C3, AR, and AP-1 protein expressions were comparable between the study groups, but groups differed in correlations. In PCOS women vs controls, SC adipose AKR1C3 protein expression correlated positively with android and gynoid fat masses and negatively with SC adipose AP-1 protein expression. SC adipose AR protein expression correlated negatively with fasting serum free fatty acid and high-density lipoprotein levels. In both study groups, SC adipose AKR1C3 protein expression negatively correlated with serum cortisol levels.

Conclusion

In normal-weight PCOS women, SC abdominal adipose AKR1C3 protein expression, in combination with intra-adipose AP-1 and AR-dependent events, predicts fat accretion in the presence of physiological cortisol levels.
Plague Strikes Back: The Pestis Secunda of 1361–62 and Its Demographic Consequences in England and Wales
Authors: Slavin Philip
Published: September 2024

This article looks at the demographic contours and impact of the pestis secunda—the second wave of the Second Plague Pandemic—which ravaged England and Wales in 1361–62. The study is based on a rich corpus of statistical data deriving from manorial records—primarily court rolls, but also inquisitions postmortem and episcopal registers—on a national level. A close analysis of the data reveals that the wave in question tended to discriminate across regions, socioeconomic statuses, and genders. The study’s findings are then considered within a wider context of ongoing historiographical debates related to the total size of the English population before and after the Black Death. It argues that the population size of England on the eve of the Black Death was higher than often argued, and that the impact of the pestis secunda was harsher than often assumed. The evidence suggests that it was the pestis secunda, rather than the Black Death, that had severe, long-term demographic and socioeconomic repercussions for England and Wales.
The Black Death, Girl Power, and the Emergence of the European Marriage Pattern in England
Authors: Bailey Mark
Published: September 2024

This article critiques the debate over the extent to which labor shortages caused by the Black Death and subsequent epidemics empowered women economically, and whether this had significant implications for overall demographic behavior and long-term economic performance. Some historians have argued that after ca. 1350 women in the North Sea region were drawn into the land and labor markets to a far greater extent than women in other parts of Europe, and in particular into employment as single live-in servants, which led to a rise in the average age of women at first marriage and the proportion of women never marrying. This in turn led to the formation of the European Marriage Pattern (EMP), which is associated with fertility restriction and higher levels of household income. The evidence and arguments underpinning this viewpoint are critically evaluated for England, where by 1600 the EMP was certainly established. The extant sources do not enable us to measure the extent of women’s financial gains after the Black Death, or to assess changes in their marital choices. There is no convincing evidence for any rise in the proportion of single female servants in the century after the Black Death or for the existence of the EMP before 1550. Young women did not increase their participation in the land market in order to construct a marriage fund. The article concludes by assessing the possible chronologies of England’s transition to the EMP, and by suggesting new lines of enquiry about structural changes in women’s work during the sixteenth century.
Forgotten Family: The Influence of Women and Children on the Nexus of Wage Earning and Demographic Change in England, 1260–1860
Authors: Horrell Sara , Humphries Jane , Weisdorf Jacob
Published: September 2024

E. A. Wrigley identified the responsiveness of nuptiality and marital fertility to changes in male wages. Others have theorized the importance of women’s decision-making in the timing of marriage, but without much empirical evidence. Combining new long-run series of annual wages for men, for married and single women, and for children with existing demographic data, the influence of women and children’s remuneration on household formation is investigated. Women played a key role in the functioning of early modern preventive checks. High wages encouraged single women to delay marriage, reducing marital fertility. This counterbalanced the encouragement of nuptiality stimulated by high male earnings, which helped balance population and economic growth. Juvenile earnings had little influence on family formation, challenging links suggested in accounts of protoindustrialization or proletarianization. Demographic evidence suggests that economic circumstances contributed to the timing of medieval marriage, but poverty more often than prosperity prompted celibacy.
The Discovery of English Wants: Dearth and Plenty in Early Modern Anglo-Indian Exchanges
Authors: Mukherjee Ayesha
Published: September 2024

English experiences of late-Elizabethan economic crises coincided with national ambition to engage in global trade, marking a shift in the discourse of “needs” and “wants” in the English commonwealth. English travelers and traders documented in different modes of writing the topography, climate, food resources, markets, and roadways of Mughal India to better understand local abundance, needs, and wants. Travel through food insecure regions in India, interaction with local inhabitants, and encounters with famine created hybrid chorographic modes: forms of writing about travel and place within English environments were adapted and applied to Indian regions. By examining the writings of four lesser-known travelers to India in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, this article argues that English understandings of nationhood, population, and commonwealth were informed by attempts to comprehend, inhabit, and write the complex, contingent spaces of other populations and their needs, wants, and crises, as well as those of Britain. The English commonwealth was thus reimagined in the context of the wider demographics of plural populations.
Charity, Neighbors, and Gender in London Godly Sermons: John Downham and William Gouge
Authors: Giugni Astrid
Published: September 2024

This article traces the response to the Elizabethan Poor Laws in two parishes in Jacobean London. The Elizabethan Poor Laws of 1598 and 1601 attempted to create a system of reliable poor relief in response to a series of late sixteenth-century economic and population crises. The establishment of an organized system of almsgiving formally centered in the parish and its officers shifted the understanding of charity from a voluntary and interpersonal act to a more bureaucratic process. Focusing on the diverging accounts of charity by John Downham and William Gouge, this essay demonstrates how the bureaucratic logic of the Elizabethan Poor Laws was debated and challenged in print and from two of London’s most influential pulpits.
Walking Economy and Preferred Speed in Old and Very Old Men
Authors: LUNEAU ERIC , ROZAND VIANNEY , RIMAUD DIANA , FOSCHIA CLÉMENT , MILLET GUILLAUME Y.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

With aging, the decline in preferred walking speed (PWS), influenced by the increased energy cost of walking (CoW), is a key predictor of morbidity. However, the determinants associated with PWS and CoW remain poorly understood, especially after 80 yr old. The aim of the study was to characterize the amplitude and mechanisms of age-related decline in CoW and PWS in old (OM) and very old (VOM) men.

Methods

Thirty-nine young men (YM; 22.1 ± 3.4 yr), 34 OM (71.7 ± 4.1 yr), and 23 VOM (85.8 ± 2.7 yr) performed aerobic, neuromuscular, and gait assessments. Net CoW was measured on a treadmill. Physical activity (PA) was evaluated by questionnaire and accelerometry.

Results

Net CoW was 32% (P < 0.001), 19% (P < 0.01), and 26% (P < 0.001) higher in VOM compared with OM for 1.11 m·s−1, 1.67 m·s−1, and PWS. Net CoW was also 27% (P < 0.001), 26% (P < 0.01), and 29% (P < 0.001) higher in OM compared with YM at these speeds. Linear regression stratified by age showed that net CoW at PWS was associated with step frequency (r = 0.79; P < 0.001) for OM and with both coefficient of variation of stride mean time (r = 0.48; P < 0.05) and maximal strength of knee extensors (r = −0.54; P < 0.05) for VOM. The same analysis revealed that PWS was correlated with net CoW (r = −0.56; P < 0.05) and PA (r = 0.47; P < 0.05) in VOM.

Conclusions

The progressive increase in net CoW with age was associated with gait and neuromuscular impairments, particularly after the age of 80 yr. This increase in net CoW was related to a decrease in PWS in VOM, suggesting an adaptation of PWS to compensate for the increase in energy demand. Maintaining a high level of PA may potentially delay the age-related decline in PWS despite an age-related increase in net CoW.
СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ СПОРТА
Authors: KISLYaKOV P.A.
Published: September 2024

В учебном пособии рассматриваются теоретические и практические аспекты социального развития и поведения спортсменов с позиций классических социально-психологических теорий и современных концепций психологии спорта. Особое внимание уделяется вопросам просоциального поведения и моральных норм в спорте. Книга написана на основе исследований авторов в данном направлении. Учебное пособие адресовано спортивным психологам, спортивным тренерам, педагогам по физической культуре, студентам соответствующих направлений подготовки, а также всем, кто занимается исследованиями в области психологии спорта и прикладной социальной психологии.
Pairwise Stability in Weighted Network Formation Games: Selection and Computation
Authors: Chen Caihua , Tao Junhao , Zhan Yang
Published: September 2024

This paper is concerned with the selection and computation of pairwise stable networks when agents have differentiable and concave utility functions. We show that a pairwise stable network can be obtained by finding a Nash equilibrium of a noncooperative game played by the nodes and links in the network. Based on this observation, we introduce a logarithmic tracing procedure and a path-following algorithm for network formation games. We apply the algorithm to several models in the literature and make comparisons with two existing algorithms: a path-following algorithm based on the linear tracing procedure (LinTP) and a decompose and exhaustive search method (DaE). Numerical results indicate that the proposed method is more than four times as efficient as LinTP. Although DaE demonstrates exceptional efficiency for small-scale problems, our method outperforms it significantly for large-scale problems, where DaE may fail to find a solution. We also show that the decomposition technique of DaE can be used to further accelerate our algorithm for a special class of problems.

History: Accepted by Antonio Frangioni, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms–Continuous.

Funding: This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 12201289, 12122107, and 72394363/72394360], the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province [Grant BK20220754], the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation [Grant 2021A1515110207], the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST [Grant 2023QNRC001], and the Open Research Fund from the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Big Data Computing [Grant B10120210117-OF05].

Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2024.0546 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2024.0546 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Nonconvex Factorization and Manifold Formulations Are Almost Equivalent in Low-Rank Matrix Optimization
Authors: Luo Yuetian , Li Xudong , Zhang Anru R.
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we consider the geometric landscape connection of the widely studied manifold and factorization formulations in low-rank positive semidefinite (PSD) and general matrix optimization. We establish a sandwich relation on the spectrum of Riemannian and Euclidean Hessians at first-order stationary points (FOSPs). As a result of that, we obtain an equivalence on the set of FOSPs, second-order stationary points, and strict saddles between the manifold and factorization formulations. In addition, we show that the sandwich relation can be used to transfer more quantitative geometric properties from one formulation to another. Similarities and differences in the landscape connection under the PSD case and the general case are discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first geometric landscape connection between the manifold and factorization formulations for handling rank constraints, and it provides a geometric explanation for the similar empirical performance of factorization and manifold approaches in low-rank matrix optimization observed in the literature. In the general low-rank matrix optimization, the landscape connection of two factorization formulations (unregularized and regularized ones) is also provided. By applying these geometric landscape connections (in particular, the sandwich relation), we are able to solve unanswered questions in the literature and establish stronger results in the applications on geometric analysis of phase retrieval, well-conditioned low-rank matrix optimization, and the role of regularization in factorization arising from machine learning and signal processing.

Funding: This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China [Grants 2020YFA0711900 and 2020YFA0711901], the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 12271107 and 62141407], and the Shanghai Science and Technology Program [Grant 21JC1400600].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoo.2022.0030 .
The Use and Usefulness of Big Data in Finance: Evidence from Financial Analysts
Authors: Chi Feng , Hwang Byoung-Hyoun , Zheng Yaping
Published: September 2024

Alternative data have become a new source of information for investors. This paper examines how this development is reshaping the role of sell-side analysts. Employing textual analysis of analysts’ written reports, we show that analysts themselves have begun to adopt alternative data in their analyses. Furthermore, we find that when analysts report drawing from alternative data they generate more accurate earnings forecasts, and their brokerages subsequently receive higher amounts in trading commissions from investors, suggesting that investors value the adoption of alternative data by analysts.

This paper was accepted by Kay Gieseke, finance.

Funding: This research is supported by NTU-Singapore under its startup grant program.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.02659 .
Passive Ownership and Price Informativeness
Authors: Sammon Marco
Published: September 2024

I show that passive ownership negatively affects the degree to which stock prices anticipate earnings announcements. Estimates across several research designs imply that the rise in passive ownership over the last 30 years has caused the amount of information incorporated into prices ahead of earnings announcements to decline by approximately one-fourth of its whole-sample mean and one-sixth of its whole-sample standard deviation.

This paper was accepted by Will Cong, finance.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.00836 .
MASTER-BLASTER
Authors: Pereira Valéria Sabrina
Published: September 2024

Grande sucesso dos anos 1980, a franquia pós-apocalíptica Mad Max se mantém popular até os dias de hoje. Ao contrário do que se espera de obras do gênero, Mad Max se destaca por não ser uma alerta contra os efeitos negativos da ação humana, mas por representar a realização de desejos do homem do antropoceno, oferecendo uma narrativa, onde carros constituem, mesmo no final dos tempos, o bem maior. Apesar do reconhecimento tímido, no quarto e último filme, de que a água é mais do que combustíveis fósseis, toda a franquia gira em torno da paixão por maquinários, deixando claro que o possível fim da humanidade não é tomado a sério por uma parcela de pessoas decididas a definir sua individualidade através de bens provindos da Era Industrial.
Mad Max - Além da Cúpula do Trovão (1985), o terceiro da franquia, foi o primeiro a mirar o mercado internacional e o único que procurou abranger um público mais familiar. Sendo também o único que considera alternativas para a questão do combustível, ele se apoia em uma presença maior de animais e até nas habilidades de um homem com nanismo que chega a apresentar similaridades com “anões” folclóricos. Este artigo focalizará na objetificação de pessoas com deficiência neste cenário pós-apocalíptico que tenta se equilibrar entre pós-apocalipse e a fantasia infantil.
ATRAVESSANDO FRONTEIRAS
Authors: Ferreira Mykaelle de Sousa
Published: September 2024

O principal objetivo do artigo é debater a ideia de Antropoceno para, em seguida, propor uma reflexão sobre o papel da literatura em tempos disruptivos. A partir do conceito de “terra arrasada”, trazido por Jonathan Crary (2023), enfatizo o modo como a literatura contemporânea apropriou-se dos temas e procedimentos do gênero distópico para lidar com questões fundamentais na contemporaneidade.
“THE ANIMALS ARE DYING. SOON WE WILL BE ALONE HERE.”: ANTHROPOCENE, CAPITALOCENE, AND THE NEW DYSTOPIAN TRENDS FROM THE GLOBAL SOUTH
Authors: Marks de Marques Eduardo
Published: September 2024

The current climatic and environmental changes have been bringingabout a number of new anxieties, mostly consolidated in concepts such as theAnthropocene and the Capitalocene, which can be seen as partially responsible for therise in interest in dystopian fiction since the early years of the 21 st century. However, apossible new trend is found in contemporary dystopian fiction from the Global South,inviting a reassessment of the very foundations of what we understand this trope to be.The present article wishes to discuss some of these trends using the novel Migrations(2022), by Charlotte McConaghy, as an example.
Postnatal care of women with diabetes: a clinical update
Authors: McChlery Sheena , Geraghty Sadie
Published: September 2024

Diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus significantly affect pregnant women, their fetuses and neonates. Midwives need to be aware of their vital role in the care of women with diabetes and keep up to date with the latest evidence and guidelines. However, midwives have reported a deficit in their knowledge regarding postnatal care of women with diabetes. In this article, the challenges of maternity care for women with diabetes are highlighted, and the specific midwifery role in some aspects of postnatal care is discussed. The provision of woman-centred care by midwives, together with the expert knowledge of the diabetic team, can reduce postnatal diabetic complications.
Traditional treatment for diastasis rectus abdominis in postpartum mothers: a phenomenological study
Authors: Fitriani Hemi , Setyowati Setyowati , Afiyanti Yati , Koestoer Raldi Artono , Arifin Hidayat
Published: September 2024

Background/Aims

Diastasis rectus abdominis is common in postpartum mothers but few studies have examined its traditional treatments. This study's aim was to explore postpartum mothers' experiences of abdominal care and Javanese cultural care.

Methods

This phenomenological study was conducted in rural Yogyakarta, Indonesia from May to December 2022. A total of 13 purposively selected postpartum mothers were interviewed using a semi-structured in-depth guide. Data were analysed thematically.

Results

The five main themes were symptoms interfere with activities and appearance, traditional and non-traditional abdominal care, benefits of and barriers to traditional care, regular use of traditional care and the need for more effective, comfortable and practical tools.

Conclusions

Both traditional and non-traditional care for postpartum abdominal issues present challenges. There is a need for more effective, comfortable and practical treatment for the abdominal area.

Implications for practice

Further research is needed to develop tools for abdominal care for postpartum women that are effective, comfortable and practical.
The value of epidemiological data for pressure ulcer/injury management
Authors: Halász Beáta Grešš
Published: September 2024

Pressure ulcers/injuries (PU/Is) are a burden on healthcare systems worldwide. They are costly and have a negative impact on the quality of life of patients. PU/Is cause discomfort, prolong hospital stays and can even lead to death. Data on the incidence and prevalence of PU/Is are used to implement effective, tailored prevention practices. The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance and value of collecting epidemiological data in terms of its practical use in Slovakia. The prevalence of PU/Is was found to be low compared to global data. Shortcomings in the collection of epidemiological data are highlighted; however, the use of those available data in amending national standards, such as the mandatory reporting of PU/Is, is summarised. Several steps and activities related to the prevention and care of PU/Is have been carried out in Slovakia. It is important to know not only the prevalence in terms of field of care, time and provider, but also, more specifically, the risk characteristics and/or presence of PU/I in order to initiate more individualised and tailored patient care.
Integrating technologies to enhance risk assessment for the early detection and prevention of pressure ulcers
Authors: Wilson Hannah , Avsar Pinar , McEvoy Natalie , Byrne Sorcha , Brunetti Giulio , Patton Declan , Moore Zena
Published: September 2024

Pressure ulcers (PU) are a globally recognised healthcare concern, with their largely preventable development prompting the implementation of targeted preventive strategies. Risk assessment is the first step to planning individualised preventive measures. However, despite the long use of risk assessment, and the >70 risk assessment tools currently available, PUs remain a significant concern. Various technological advancements, including artificial intelligence, subepidermal moisture measurement, cytokine measurement, thermography and ultrasound are emerging as promising tools for PU detection, and subsequent prevention of more serious PU damage. Given the rise in availability of these technologies, this advances the question of whether our current approaches to PU prevention can be enhanced with the use of technology. This article delves into these technologies, suggesting that they could lead healthcare in the right direction, toward optimal assessment and adoption of focused prevention strategies.
Type 2 diabetes post pandemic: enabling your patients to regain control
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: September 2024

In the past 80 years, the number of people in the UK with a diabetes diagnosis has risen from 200,000 to around 4.3 million. The COVID-19 pandemic complicated tackling the disease as a public health issue.

There are now an estimated five million people living with diabetes in the UK, most have type 2 diabetes. The COVID-19 pandemic affected access to care, led to delays in diagnoses of diabetes and many people with diabetes experienced a deterioration in their diabetes control. This article provides guidance on how nurses can work with people at risk of diabetes to prevent the condition, to induce remission and how to use medication to treat diabetes.
Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy: Technology and Applications: introduction to the feature issue
Authors: O’Sullivan Thomas D. , Dehghani Hamid , Re Rebecca
Published: September 2024

Welcome to the 2024 Feature Issue on Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy: Technology and Applications in Biomedical Optics Express! This feature issue provides an exemplary sample of established and emerging DOS technologies as well as their biomedical applications through 27 contributed research papers and 1 invited review article. DOS researchers are inherently multidisciplinary, advancing topics spanning the basic theory of light-tissue interactions, computational modeling, technique and system development and preclinical and clinical applications. You will find this full range of topics represented in this feature issue.
Experimental confirmation of phase profile of Hermite–Gauss beams
Authors: Bisht Apoorva , Murillo Nathan , Vyas Reeta , Singh Surendra
Published: September 2024

Phase distribution of Hermite–Gauss (HG) beams generated by a gas laser is investigated experimentally by studying their interference with a plane wave and diffraction by a single slit by selecting pairs of bright lobes with different phases. Experimentally recorded interference and diffraction profiles support HG mode phase profiles expounded on in this paper. We find that the phase difference between one bright lobe and another is not simply zero or π but increases (or decreases) uniformly in steps of π as the number of zeros between them increases, in agreement with analytic function theory. An immediate application of this phase profile is that an HG mode can serve as a phase ruler with bright lobes as markers in steps of π.
Error-robust hybrid atom-photon entangling gate via Gaussian soft control
Authors: Yu Wanrang , Yin Qiuyu , Liang Yanzhao , Ji Ning , Vogt Thibault
Published: September 2024

Hybrid atom-photon gates play an important role for the realization of a quantum interface capable of mapping atomic states to photons for communication across quantum networks. Here, we propose a feasible theoretical scheme for implementing a hybrid atom-photon controlled-Z gate between an atom and a microwave photon in a superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator based on the Gaussian soft control technique. The gate protocol employs a classical auxiliary field that induces an atomic transition between one state of the atomic qubit and Rydberg states for obtaining strong coupling of the atom and microwave resonator. By tailoring the amplitude of this field with Gaussian temporal modulation, the gate performances are improved in various aspects. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the controlled-Z gate based on Gaussian soft control is resilient to the variation of the atom-photon coupling strength and deviation in the gate time, and it is less sensitive to the Rydberg level shifts caused by stray electric fields.
Reconfigurable metasurface with multi-vortex beam regulation and shared aperture focusing
Authors: Guan Wenqing , Qi Yunping , Li Hao , Ding Xinmiao , Tan Yonghui , Wang Xiangxian
Published: September 2024

In recent decades, metasurface technology has attracted considerable interest in the research field due to its various operating modes and increasing tunability. This paper presents a multifunction metasurface based on VO2, aiming to address this growing interest. At room temperature (298 K), the metasurface operates in reflection mode. We designed eight cells with distinct reflection phases to meet the 360° phase requirement in the 1.28 THz to 1.34 THz frequency band. Furthermore, to facilitate the conversion of circularly polarized (CP) waves into single-beam orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex beams, as well as to accomplish deflection and beam splitting, we have also introduced convolution coding and the superposition theorem. At high temperatures (341 K), changing the arrangement turns the metasurface into a focusing generator for multi-channel terahertz beams. By manipulating the configuration and dimensions of the shared aperture array, it becomes feasible to generate diverse multi-channel focused beams at distinct predetermined positions while simultaneously regulating the energy intensity. The comprehensive full-wave simulation results demonstrate that this metasurface possesses the capability to produce four-channel focused beams, and five-channel at 1.0 THz frequency, aligning highly closely with the theoretical prediction. Hence, the metasurface we have developed exhibits great potential for future utilization in terahertz communication and high-precision imaging domains.
Mid-infrared ultrafast soliton molecules from a few-cycle Cr:ZnS laser
Authors: Zhang Xiyue , Wang Yuchen , Wu Weibo , An Tinghui , Jiang Yiguang , Fan Jintai , Jiang Benxue , Tang Pinghua , Galzerano Gianluca , Laporta Paolo , Zhang Long
Published: September 2024

Soliton molecules, or soliton bound states, are envisioned to make far-reaching changes in both fundamental research and applications. Here, we report on the generation and precision manipulation of soliton molecules based on a Kerr-lens mode-locked single-crystal Cr:ZnS laser at 2.4 µm. In the classical soliton regime, self-starting near-transform-limited pulses with a duration of 37 fs, less than 5 optical cycles, have been obtained at a repetition frequency of 173 MHz and an average output power of 572 mW. By fine-tuning the cavity group-delay dispersion profile, bi-soliton states with pulse durations between 55 fs and 98 fs with temporal separations between 348 fs and 604 fs have been observed and characterized. These are the shortest pulse duration and separation of soliton molecules reported so far in the mid-infrared region, to the best of our knowledge. With the ability of precision manipulation of soliton molecules generated on a sub-100-fs timescale, the tunable mid-infrared soliton molecule source paves the way for applications in the fields of telecommunications and ultrafast laser technologies.
Etching Properties of PIN-PMN-PT and its Integration in Electro-Optic Phase Modulators
Authors: Hospital Salvador Poveda , Peter Yves-Alain , Quesada Nicolas
Published: September 2024

We investigate the etching characteristics of PIN-PMN-PT crystals, exploring various wet etching solutions, reactive ion etching gases, and ion beam etching. The etch rate and surface roughness are systematically measured for each method.
A process flow to obtain PIN-PMN-PT thin films is described and performed to later build a single mode rib waveguide. An integrated electro-optic phase modulator is fabricated by depositing electrodes on the sides of the waveguides. The electro-optic coefficient implied in our phase modulators is the $r_{51}/r_{42}$. The performances are tested achieving a $V_\pi L$ of 19.2 V$\cdot$cm.