bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Massive hematuria due to an autogenous saphenous vein graft and urinary bladder fistula in an extra-anatomic iliofemoral bypass: a case report
Authors: Jaha Luan , Ismaili-Jaha Vlora , Ademi Bekim , Veselaj Fahredin , Kryeziu Destan , Gjikolli Bujar , Gecaj-Gashi Agreta , Koshi Adhurim , Jaha Art
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Gross hematuria caused by rupture of an artery in the urinary tract is a rare but potentially fatal condition. Iliac artery aneurysms, pelvic surgery with radiation, vascular reconstructive surgery, surgery for stenosis of the ureteropelvic junction, and transplantation are reported to be associated with this condition. In the vascular reconstructive surgery group, the most common etiology is rupture of the degenerated artery or synthetic graft in the ureter.

Case presentation

We present a case of rupture of the small anastomotic pseudoaneurysm at the proximal anastomosis of a right iliofemoral autogenous vein extra-anatomic graft in the urinary bladder. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a rupture of an autogenous vein graft in the urinary bladder. Our patient, a 24-year-old Albanian farmer, was admitted to the emergency department in severe hemorrhagic shock induced by exsanguinating hematuria. He underwent immediate surgery, during which direct sutures to the bladder were placed and the saphenous graft was replaced with a synthetic one. The patient recovered completely, was free of hematuria, and showed no signs of pathological communication between the urinary and arterial tracts on postoperative cystoscopy and computed tomographic angiography during 2 years of follow-up.

Conclusion

The incidence of artery-to-urinary tract fistulas is growing due to the increasing use of urologic and vascular surgery, pelvic oncologic surgery, and radiation therapy. In addition to fistulas involving a degenerated artery and ureter or synthetic grafts and ureter, they can also involve an autogenous vein graft and the urinary bladder. In our patient, the fistula was a result of erosion of the bladder from a pseudoaneurysm at the proximal anastomosis of an autogenous vein iliofemoral bypass in an extra-anatomic position. Open surgery remains the best treatment option, although there is increasing evidence of successful endovascular treatment.
Correction to: In vivo imaging of early stages of rheumatoid arthritis by α5β1-integrin-targeted positron emission tomography
Authors: Notni Johannes , Gassert Florian T. , Steiger Katja , Sommer Peter , Weichert Wilko , Rummeny Ernst J. , Schwaiger Markus , Kessler Horst , Meier Reinhard , Kimm Melanie A.
Published: December 2019

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors have reported an error in the ‘Histopathology’ (under ‘Materials and methods’) section of the article that compromises the reproducibility of the paper.
Dynamics of swine influenza model with optimal control
Authors: Hussain Takasar , Ozair Muhammad , Oare Okosun Kazeem , Ishfaq Muhammad , Ullah Awan Aziz , Aslam Adnan
Published: December 2019

Transmission dynamics of swine influenza pandemic is analysed through a deterministic model. Qualitative analysis of the model includes global asymptotic stability of disease-free and endemic equilibria under a certain condition based on the reproduction number. Sensitivity analysis to ponder the effect of model parameters on the reproduction number is performed and control strategies are designed. It is also verified that the obtained numerical results are in good agreement with the analytical ones.
Noise exposure while commuting in Toronto - a study of personal and public transportation in Toronto
Authors: Yao Christopher M.K.L. , Ma Andrew K. , Cushing Sharon L. , Lin Vincent Y.W.
Published: December 2019

Background

With an increasing proportion of the population living in cities, mass transportation has been rapidly expanding to facilitate the demand, yet there is a concern that mass transit has the potential to result in excessive exposure to noise, and subsequently noise-induced hearing loss.

Methods

Noise dosimetry was used to measure time-integrated noise levels in a representative sample of the Toronto Mass Transit system (subway, streetcar, and buses) both aboard moving transit vehicles and on boarding platforms from April – August 2016. 210 measurements were conducted with multiple measurements approximating 2 min on platforms, 4 min within a vehicle in motion, and 10 min while in a car, on a bike or on foot. Descriptive statistics for each type of transportation, and measurement location (platform vs. vehicle) was computed, with measurement locations compared using 1-way analysis of variance.

Results

On average, there are 1.69 million riders per day, who are serviced by 69 subway stations, and 154 streetcar or subway routes. Average noise level was greater in the subway and bus than in the streetcar (79.8 +/− 4.0 dBA, 78.1 +/− 4.9 dBA, vs 71.5 +/−1.8 dBA, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, average noise measured on subway platforms were higher than within vehicles (80.9 +/− 3.9 dBA vs 76.8 +/− 2.6 dBA, p < 0.0001). Peak noise exposures on subway, bus and streetcar routes had an average of 109.8 +/− 4.9 dBA and range of 90.4–123.4 dBA, 112.3 +/− 6.0 dBA and 89.4–128.1 dBA, and 108.6 +/− 8.1 dBA and 103.5–125.2 dBA respectively. Peak noise exposures exceeded 115 dBA on 19.9%, 85.0%, and 20.0% of measurements in the subway, bus and streetcar respectively.

Conclusions

Although the mean average noise levels on the Toronto transit system are within the recommended level of safe noise exposure, cumulative intermittent bursts of impulse noise (peak noise exposures) particularly on bus routes have the potential to place individuals at risk for noise induced hearing loss.
The essential oil of Lippia alba Mill (Lamiales:Verbenaceae) as mosquitocidal and repellent agent against Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes aegypti Linn (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Mahanta Sudarshana , Sarma Riju , Khanikor Bulbuli
Published: December 2019

Background

Being a low-risk insecticide, plant essential oils emerge as competent mosquitocidal and repellent candidates. However, essential oil may act differently in different mosquito species and different developmental stages of same mosquito species. In the current investigation, we evaluated the ovicidal, larvicidal, adulticidal and repellent activities of essential oil extracted from the leaves ofLippia albaagainst two medically important mosquito species,Aedes aegyptiandCulex quinquefasciatus. The efficacy of the oil was assessed under laboratory conditions against different developmental stages of the selected species.

Results

From the findings, it can be inferred thatL. albaoil is more effective as a repellent against both the targeted mosquito species. Results also demonstrated that ovicidal, larvicidal and repellent properties of the essential oil were higher againstCulex quinquefasciatusthanAedes aegypti. GC-MS analysis of the oil showed the presence of aromadendrene oxide, caryophyllene oxide, etc. as major constituent compounds.

Conclusion

The outcomes of this study clearly indicated that the essential oil ofL. albahas the potentiality to act more effectively as a repellent, followed by a larvicidal agent against mosquito and at the same time the results revealed differential vulnerability of different mosquito species and their life stages against a particular plant essential oil.
Effect of nanopolysaccharide (BSEPS) from Bacillus subtilis sp. on thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in rats
Authors: Mahmoud Manal G. , Asker Mohsen S. , El Awady Mohamed E. , Hassan Amal I. , Zaharan Nadia A. R. , Youssef Hanan F.
Published: December 2019

Background

Nanomedicine contributes to the efficiency of pharmacological treatments and progresses rapidly. The present study was designed to produce exopolysaccharide (BSEPS) from Bacillus subtilis sp. strain reported in our previous study was further characterized, and its BSEPS for synthesis of the nanoparticle Ag-BSEPS using microwave heating to determine the possible effects of a prepared solution containing Ag-BSEPS versus thioacetamide (TAA) evoked liver fibrosis in Wister albino rats. Nanoparticles with silver (Ag) core have been synthesized in an aqueous solution after exposure of BSEPS to periodate oxidation. Animals were split into four groups: I - control rats, water ad libitum for 6 weeks; II - rats were injected with TAA 200 mg/kg-1 3 times/week for 4 weeks IP; III - Ag-BSEPS 100 mg/kg-1 IP twice a week for 6 weeks; and IV - TAA, as group II followed by Ag-BSEPS as group III. The antifibrotic effects of Ag-BSEPS were appraised by determining different hepatotoxicity indices, oxidative stress, and inflammatory and liver fibrosis markers.

Results

Nanoparticles were obtained with a diameter size range of 50–100 nm characterized by SEM and TEM without using any harmful reagents. Results evinced considerably reduced activity of liver functions such as transaminases (AST, ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the group which received TAA followed by Ag-BSEPS compared to the other group which received only TAA. In the current results, the administration of Ag-BSEPS showed an improvement in the proinflammatory cytokines. On the contrary, the antioxidant enzymes in liver homogenates revealed significant improvement (concentration of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) increases) in animals with TAA-induced liver damage followed by Ag-BSEPS. Moreover, the activities of the fibrotic markers transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1) and type III pro-collagen (PCIII) were increased in liver tissues in the group which was given TAA alone as compared to the controls. The percentage of fibrosis of hepatic tissue had a positive correlation with the levels of PCIII and TGF-β1, followed by Ag-BSEPS compared to the TAA group without nanocomposite treatment. Microscopic examinations revealed inhibitory effects of Ag-BSEPS on inflammatory changes and deterrent of liver fibrosis.

Conclusion

It was suggested that the biochemical and histological amelioration observed in Ag-BSEPS (100 mg/kg-1 twice a week for 6 weeks) treated the fibrotic rats.
Lamang tapai: the ancient Malay food in Minangkabau tradition
Authors: Yovani Tania
Published: December 2019

Lamang tapai is a traditional food which consists of lemang and tapai that are used in various traditional ceremonies of Minangkabau people, mainly in West Sumatra. However, lemang and tapai are also known as traditional foods of other tribes or regions in Southeast Asia, and their cooking method is still very ancient and depends on the state of nature. These two points show that lemang and tapai can be used as historical evidence for ancient human life in Southeast Asia, which is Proto-Malay and Deutero-Malay. Minang people believe that cooking technique of lemang was first introduced by Sheikh Burhanuddin. Lemang is incomplete if it is not eaten together with tapai, so they are likened to a man and a woman by Minang people. Lemang itself describes the togetherness of Minang people because its making process is always done together. There are several taboos that must be obeyed in making lemang and tapai. Lamang tapai are also used as gifts when visiting other people’s homes, for example, when visiting in-laws or manjapuik marapulai ceremony. However, there is no symbolic meaning behind the obligatory existence of lamang tapai at traditional ceremonies. On the other hand, lemang and tapai are famous for their unique taste produced by the chemical components in their ingredients. In this article, the origin of lemang and tapai, the philosophy and presentation of lemang in the traditions of the Minangkabau people, and the flavor features of lemang and tapai from a scientific perspective are discussed.
A large helmet-shaped proliferating trichilemmal tumor of the scalp: Is definitive radiotherapy the treatment? A case report
Authors: Parambeth Haresh Kunhi , Udhayam Nava , Agarwal Shipra , Gupta Subhash , Giridhar Prashanth , Rath Gour Kishor
Published: December 2019

Background

Benign proliferating trichilemmal tumors (PTTs) are a rare entity that arises from the outer root sheath of a hair follicle. They range from a benign PTT that recurs locally to the more aggressive malignant PTT that, in addition to recurring locally, has the potential for metastatic spread. However, as a group, PTTs are slow growing and amenable to surgery. To the best of our knowledge, radical radiotherapy without surgery has been used in only one case in an elderly male patient with good oncological and cosmetic results.

Case presentation

We present a case of a young unmarried female with a disfiguring PTT of the scalp not amenable to surgery treated successfully with radiotherapy providing good cosmesis. Volumetric modulated arc therapy was used to treat this patient with a dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks. A theoretical risk of malignant transformation was explained to the patient. The patient has maintained good cosmesis over the last 12 months with no signs of re-growth.

Conclusion

In patients with PTT not amenable to surgery, radiotherapy may be an effective alternative providing local control and good cosmesis.
Pioglitazone for the Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Patients with or at High Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhou Yue , Huang Yajing , Ji Xiaoyun , Wang Xiang , Shen Liyan , Wang Yangang
Published: December 2019

Context

The goal of the meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of pioglitazone on the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and renal adverse events in patients with or at high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Design

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing pioglitazone with any control were identified through PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Cardiovascular outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs, defined as the composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and cardiovascular death), hospitalization for heart failure, and all-cause mortality. Renal outcomes included change in urinary albumin to creatinine ratio and 24-hour urinary protein excretion. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled.

Results

A total of 26 studies with 19 645 participants were enrolled. Pioglitazone reduced the risk of MACE (RR, 0.8 [95% CI, 0.7–0.9]), with benefit only seen in patients with a history of established CVDs (0.8 [0.7–0.9]) and not in those without (1.0 [0.7–1.3]). Regarding the individual components, pioglitazone reduced the risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction (0.8 [0.6–1.0]) and nonfatal stroke (0.8 [0.7–0.9]), which was confined to patients with a history of established CVDs, whereas no treatment effect was found on cardiovascular death (1.0 [0.7–1.2]) regardless of the presence of established CVDs. Pioglitazone increased the risk of hospitalization for heart failure (1.3 [1.1–1.6]) and had no treatment effect on all-cause mortality (1.0 [0.8–1.1]). Pioglitazone reduced albuminuria by 18.5% (WMD 18.5% [95% CI, 21.1-16.0]), with a similar benefit in patients with different renal function categories.

Conclusions

Pioglitazone should be considered in patients with or at high risk of T2DM for the prevention of cardiovascular endpoints, especially in those with a history of established CVD who might benefit the most. Robust reductions in progression of renal disease are seen regardless of baseline renal function degree.
Role of the Thyroid Gland in Expression of the Thyroid Phenotype of Sbp2-Deficient Mice
Authors: Fujisawa Haruki , Korwutthikulrangsri Manassawee , Fu Jiao , Liao Xiao-Hui , Dumitrescu Alexandra M
Published: December 2019

Selenocysteine insertion sequence-binding protein 2, SBP2 (SECISBP2), is required for selenoprotein synthesis. Partial SBP2 deficiency syndrome manifests characteristic thyroid function tests. The Sbp2 deficiency mouse model, Sbp2 inducible conditional knockout (iCKO), replicates this thyroid phenotype and was used for pathophysiologic investigations. As selenoproteins have an antioxidative role in thyroid gland function, their deficiencies have potential to affect thyroid hormone (TH) synthesis. Sbp2 iCKO mice had larger thyroids relative to body weight and increased thyroidal thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) content while 5' deiodinases enzymatic activities were decreased. Possible mechanisms for the discrepancy between the increased thyroidal T3 and normal circulating T3 were investigated in dynamic experiments. Treatment with bovine thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) resulted in increased delta T4 in Sbp2 iCKO mice, indicating increased availability of preformed thyroidal TH. Next, the recovery of TH levels was evaluated after withdrawal of chemical suppression. At one day, Sbp2 iCKO mice had higher serum and thyroidal T3 concomitant with lower TSH, confirming increased capacity of TH synthesis in Sbp2 deficiency. Decreased TH secretion was ruled out as serum and thyroidal TH were high in Sbp2 iCKO mice. Treatment with a low-iodine diet also ruled out thyroidal secretion defect as both serum levels and thyroidal TH content similarly declined over time in Sbp2-deficient mice compared to wild-type (Wt) mice.

This study provides evidence for unsuspected changes in the thyroid gland that contribute to the thyroid phenotype of Sbp2 deficiency, with increased thyroidal T4 and T3 content in the setting of increased TH synthesis capacity contributing to the circulating TH levels while thyroidal secretion is preserved.
Ultrasound-Activated Nanomaterials for Therapeutics
Authors: Paris Juan L , Vallet-Regí María
Published: December 2019

Ultrasound has attracted much attention in recent years as an external stimulus capable of activating different types of nanomaterials for therapeutic application. One of the characteristics that makes ultrasound an especially appealing triggering stimulus for nanomedicine is its capacity to be non-invasively applied in a focused manner at deep regions of the body. Combining ultrasound with nanoparticles, different biological effects can be achieved. In this work, an overview of the four main types of inducible responses will be provided: inducing drug release, producing ultrasound-derived biological effects, modifying nanoparticle biodistribution and developing theranostic agents. Several examples of each one of these applications are presented here to illustrate the key concepts underlying recent developments in the discipline.
The Effects of Concurrent Resistance and Aerobic Exercise Training on Functional Status in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Grazioli Elisa , Tranchita Eliana , Borriello Giovanna , Cerulli Claudia , Minganti Carlo , Parisi Attilio
Published: December 2019

Loss of balance and walking ability are two of the primary impairments in multiple sclerosis (MS), which leads to loss of autonomy, increased fatigue perception, and disease severity in patients. Physical activity has been shown to ameliorate MS functional impairments, but there is limited evidence of synergistic efficacy of exercise training interventions that have both a resistance and aerobic focus in these patients. We evaluated the effect of a 12-wk combined training intervention (resistance and aerobic exercise) on balance, walking ability, fatigue perception, quality of life, and severity of disease in patients with MS. The combined training was well tolerated by the patients and improved the quality of life of the patients as also reflected in the improvement in walking and balance ability as well as reduced depression, fatigue, and severity of disease. The results of this study confirm the beneficial effects of physical activity in patients with MS and support the use of a combination of resistance and aerobic exercise training to achieve functional and psychological therapeutic outcomes.
Unexpected Hurdle in the Race: Hypophosphatasia Unmasked by the Female Athlete Triad
Authors: Fink Dorothy A. , Pasculli Rosa M. , Wright Alana , Katz Karin , Agrawal Nidhi , Turner Ryan , Cardone Dennis A.
Published: December 2019

Hypophosphatasia should be considered for any patient who presents with multiple metatarsal stress fractures and a low alkaline phosphatase.
The FLASH effect depends on oxygen concentration
Authors: Adrian Gabriel , Konradsson Elise , Lempart Michael , Bäck Sven , Ceberg Crister , Petersson Kristoffer
Published: December 2019

Objective:

Recent in vivo results have shown prominent tissue sparing effect of radiotherapy with ultra-high dose rates (FLASH) compared to conventional dose rates (CONV). Oxygen depletion has been proposed as the underlying mechanism, but in vitro data to support this have been lacking. The aim of the current study was to compare FLASH to CONV irradiation under different oxygen concentrations in vitro.

Methods:

Prostate cancer cells were irradiated at different oxygen concentrations (relative partial pressure ranging between 1.6 and 20%) with a 10 MeV electron beam at a dose rate of either 600 Gy/s (FLASH) or 14 Gy/min (CONV), using a modified clinical linear accelerator. We evaluated the surviving fraction of cells using clonogenic assays after irradiation with doses ranging from 0 to 25 Gy.

Results:

Under normoxic conditions, no differences between FLASH and CONV irradiation were found. For hypoxic cells (1.6%), the radiation response was similar up to a dose of about 5–10 Gy, above which increased survival was shown for FLASH compared to CONV irradiation. The increased survival was shown to be significant at 18 Gy, and the effect was shown to depend on oxygen concentration.

Conclusion:

The in vitro FLASH effect depends on oxygen concentration. Further studies to characterize and optimize the use of FLASH in order to widen the therapeutic window are indicated.

Advances in knowledge:

This paper shows in vitro evidence for the role of oxygen concentration underlying the difference between FLASH and CONV irradiation.
АДАПТАЦИЯ СТУДЕНТОВ-ПЕРВОКУРСНИКОВ В НОВОЙ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ СРЕДЕ КАК ПРЕДМЕТ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО КОНСУЛЬТИРОВАНИЯ
Authors: Soloveva Evgeniia Valerevna
Published: December 2019

Статья посвящена проблеме адаптации студентов-первокурсников в новой образовательной среде. Раскрыты теоретические аспекты проблемы, понятие и цели психологического консультирования в вузе. Представлены результаты эмпирического исследования особенностей адаптации учащихся при переходе из школы в вуз. Показаны возможности индивидуального и группового консультирования студентов с трудностями адаптации в новых условиях.
ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА СТРЕССОУСТОЙЧИВОСТИ И АДАПТИВНОСТИ ЛИЧНОСТИ СТУДЕНТОВ ПЕРВОГО КУРСА
Authors: Malyshev Ivan Viktorovich , Fedoseeva Victoria Sergeevna
Published: December 2019

В статье рассматривается проблема стрессоустойчивости и адаптивности личности молодых людей на раннем этапе их социализации. Представлен анализ результатов эмпирического исследования стрессоустойчивости и адаптационных возможностей личности студентов первого курса. Показано, что в целом, несмотря на достаточно хороший уровень (48% от общего числа испытуемых) заметна негативная тенденция по характеристике стрессоустойчивости.
ПРЕИМУЩЕСТВА И НЕДОСТАТКИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ СЕТЕЙ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ОБУЧЕНИЯ
Authors: Galiullina Elmira Ramilevna , Zaripova Rimma Soltanovna
Published: December 2019

В данной статье рассматривается вопрос использования социальных сетей, являющийся явлением, приобретающим все большее значение как в частной, так и в академической жизни. Использование социальных сетей дополняет и расширяет возможности традиционного преподавания в аудиториях. Методология исследования заключается в проведении опроса среди студентов в различных университетах, колледжах и других высших учебных заведениях и изучении социальных сетей, которые могут оказать влияние на обучение и стили обучения.
ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ РАБОТЫ ШКОЛЬНОЙ СЛУЖБЫ МЕДИАЦИИ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ: ОПЫТ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ РАБОТЫ
Authors: Miticheva Tatyana Ivanovna
Published: December 2019

Автором статьи представлен опыт работы преподавателей и студентов-волонтеров Арзамасского филиала ННГУ с учащимися общеобразовательной школы по организации и научно-методическому сопровождению инновационной работы в образовательном учреждении по направлению «Разработка модели школьной службы медиации как условие создания безопасной и эффективной образовательной среды в рамках внедрения и реализации ФГОС».
ОБ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ РЕЗЕРВОВ ПРИ ЗАНЯТИЯХ СТУДЕНЧЕСКОЙ НАУЧНОЙ РАБОТОЙ
Authors: Preobrazhenskiy Andrey Petrovich , Choporov Oleg Nikolaevich
Published: December 2019

В данной статье рассмотрены возможности использования студенческих резервов при занятиях научной работой внутри вуза. Приведена методика для более эффективного использования соответствующих возможностей.
Dor crônica e nível de atividade física em usuários das unidades básicas de saúde
Authors: Souza Daniele Fernandes da Silva de , Häfele Vítor , Siqueira Fernando Vinholes
Published: December 2019

O objetivo do estudo foi descrever a prevalência de dor crônica dos usuários das unidades básicas de saúde da zona urbana da cidade de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, e verificar o nível de atividade física e os fatores associados à dor crônica. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com amostra de 540 adultos com 18 anos ou mais, usuários de 36 unidades básicas de saúde. Considerou-se dor crônica aos que relataram o tempo referido de algum tipo dor de três meses ou mais.  Foram estimadas razões de prevalência ajustada por meio da regressão de Poisson, com variância robusta. A prevalência de dor crônica entre os usuários foi de 41,5% (IC95%: 37,4 – 45,7). Na análise ajustada, as mulheres tiveram 50% maior probabilidade ao desfecho em relação aos homens; indivíduos de 40-59 anos e 60-90 anos, tiveram maior probabilidade de 44% e 61%, respectivamente, do que os de 18-39 anos; aqueles que perceberam sua saúde negativamente, tiveram 5,4 vezes mais probabilidade ao desfecho; utilizar três ou mais medicamentos aumentou 43% a probabilidade ao desfecho e; sujeitos que praticavam atividade física de lazer tiveram menor probabilidade de apresentar dor crônica. Conclui-se que, a prevalência de dor crônica em usuários de unidades básicas de saúde foi elevada (41,5%), sendo que a atividade física de lazer foi fator de proteção para o surgimento de dor crônica. Contudo, para o tratamento da dor crônica nas unidades básicas de saúde, a prática de atividade física torna-se de fundamental importância.
O racismo na/da política proibicionista brasileira: redução de danos como antídoto antirracista
Authors: Rosa Lucia Cristina dos Santos , Guimarães Thaís De Andrade Alves
Published: December 2019

Neste ensaio, objetiva-se analisar o racismo constitutivo na e da política proibicionista brasileira sobre drogas, apresentando os elementos que a configuram como uma política racializada e interseccionada. Na perspectiva de enfrentamento desse quadro, é apresentada a redução de danos como antídoto antirracista. Palavras-Chave: proibicionismo; redução de danos; políticas de drogas; racismo; antirracismo.
Mulheres negras, sofrimento e cuidado colonial
Authors: Passos Rachel Gouveia
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo tem por objetivo suscitar o debate acerca do suposto “cuidado” social que vem sendo propagado através de ações estatais, tendo como justificativa a proteção de indivíduos vulneráveis. O Estado que alega proteger acaba promovendo violações que reafirmam a punição e o extermínio dos corpos e comportamentos negros. É nesse processo que pretendemos abordar sobre o cuidado colonial que reatualiza a captura da existência negra através dos discursos e práticas colonialistas.  Além disso, abordaremos sobre a lógica manicomial e o extermínio da existência negra, entendendo-a como uma estratégia que se perpetua para além dos muros institucionais e que compõe a sociabilidade brasileira. Palavras-Chave: mulheres negras; cuidado colonial; sofrimento; racismo.
Blunt chest wall trauma: an overview
Authors: Simon Jonathan B , Wickham Alex J
Published: December 2019

Trauma affecting the chest wall, even in isolation, can carry a significant morbidity and mortality and thus appropriate management is vital. Consequences of chest wall trauma may include significant pain, altered chest wall mechanics, hypoventilation, infection and respiratory failure. In order to best determine the appropriate management, risk stratification tools have been developed to identify patients at highest risk of complications who would most benefit from more invasive management strategies. Early optimization of analgesia is vital both for patient experience and to reduce the risk of pulmonary complications. The analgesic options range from multimodal oral analgesia to invasive regional anaesthetic techniques such as thoracic epidurals, paravertebral catheters, intercostal nerve blocks and fascial plane blocks. Other important considerations include provision of appropriate oxygen therapy, ventilation support and physiotherapy. For a selected group of patients with the most significant injuries, surgical rib fixation may be appropriate if chest wall mechanics are sufficiently impaired.
VISÃO BASEADA EM RECURSOS: UM ESTUDO NO CLUSTER DE ELETROELETRÔNICOS DE SANTA RITA DO SAPUCAÍ
Authors: De Faria Aline Mariane , Oliveira Junior Moacir de Miranda
Published: December 2019

Clusters possuem peculiaridades próprias que impulsionam a vantagem competitiva de seus integrantes. Partindo desse pressuposto, este estudo tem objetiva identificar os principais recursos do Cluster de Eletroeletrônicos de Santa Rita do Sapucaí e avaliar o potencial competitivo de cada recurso para as empresas do Cluster. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, de natureza qualitativa, que utiliza um estudo de caso por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e pesquisa documental. Como resultado principal tem-se a identificação dos recursos que geram vantagem competitiva com característica sustentável para o Cluster, os quais são: (i) conhecimento técnico no desenvolvimento de projetos para editais de fomento e (ii) rede de relacionamentos. A principal limitação do estudo diz respeito ao fato de as constatações e as análises não sejam generalizáveis. Do ponto de vista teórico, o estudo contribui para a literatura sobre competitividade em clusters, o qual não há registro de uma análise utilizando o Modelo VRIO.
STRATEGISING E O TRABALHO INSTITUCIONAL: o caso das organizações hospitalares
Authors: Berto Andreia Maria , Lavarda Rosália Aldraci Barbosa , Erdmann Rolf Hermann
Published: December 2019

O objetivo deste estudo é compreender como a estratégia ocorre na prática do trabalho institucional, em especial, nas organizações hospitalares. Os resultados apontam que as estratégias emergem de necessidades da práxis institucional; a operacionalização das estratégias é alinhada com as práticas organizacionais, definidas pela gestão top-down e empreendida pelos gestores médios; a estratégia como prática, em uma perspectiva de trabalho institucional, atende mais ao processo que ao resultado, a institucionalização acontece no cotidiano de atores sociais que reproduzem seus papéis e desafiam a modificá-los e interrompê-los, exemplificado pela acreditação e impactando no strategizing hospitalar.
A Qualitative Study of Caregiving for Adolescents and Young Adults With Spinal Cord Injuries: Lessons From Lived Experiences
Authors: Haywood Carol , Pyatak Elizabeth , Leland Natalie , Henwood Benjamin , Lawlor Mary C.
Published: December 2019

Objective: To examine characteristics of caregiving from the perspectives of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with spinal cord injuries (SCIs) and their informal caregivers to address outstanding gaps in knowledge relating to definitions of caregiving and its associated practices for this population. Methods: A multiphase qualitative design was applied, using phenomenological and narrative methods to capture data in participants' homes and communities. Participants were recruited from rehabilitation hospitals and community organizations throughout Los Angeles County, California. Inclusion criteria for AYAs included being 15–22 years old, having acquired an SCI within the previous 5 years, and using a wheelchair for mobility. The AYAs nominated persons they identified as primary caregivers to also participate. Data were collected through individual and group interviews as well as activity observations. Results: Data from the 17 participants (9 AYAs and 8 informal, primary caregivers) revealed ways in which the meaning of caregiving varied among dyads. Caregiving practices extended beyond physical assistance to include support for a range of day-to-day activities spanning from practical needs to facilitating developmental trajectories. Although AYAs expressed ideas about preferred caregiver characteristics, care partnerships appeared to be guided more by availability than preference. Conclusion: Phenomenological analysis revealed that the meaning of “caregiving” and its associated practices are highly individualized for AYAs with SCIs. Caregiving is rooted in personal needs related to effects of SCI and developmental goals. Everyday practices are shaped by individual relationships and the beliefs of AYAs and their caregivers. Addressing influences of caregiving on long-term health and function may require attention to developmental processes, caregiver “fit,” and ways care is, or can be, distributed throughout broader networks according to personal needs and preferences.
Identifying Required Skills to Enhance Family Caregiver Competency in Caring for Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury Living in the Community
Authors: Jeyathevan Gaya , Cameron Jill I. , Craven B. Catharine , Jaglal Susan B.
Published: December 2019

Background: Due to the earlier discharge of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI), family caregivers are often left with limited time for learning caregiving skills, and they usually feel unprepared to undertake the caregiver role. Objective: Considering the key role of family caregivers in maintaining the overall health and well-being of the individual with SCI, the objective of this study was to determine the breadth of skills needed by family caregivers to enhance their competency in caring for individuals with SCI living in the community. Methods: A qualitative descriptive approach was used with semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was used to determine key themes arising from the experiences of individuals with SCI ( n= 19) and their family members ( n = 15). Results: Twenty-nine SCI family caregiving skills were identified and grouped into six caregiving processes signifying the multiple dimensions of the SCI caregiving role. These include monitoring and managing physical health and secondary health conditions, providing for psychosocial needs, decision making, time management, being flexible, and navigating the health and social services system. Conclusion: The current study demonstrated that development of multiple caregiving skills is crucial to enhance family members' competency in caregiving. These findings should further alert health care professionals that assessment of caregiving skills at regular intervals is necessary to help caregivers achieve mastery in situations where they are facing caregiving difficulties. Future programs need to be designed to include the skills that family caregivers need and use in real-life caregiving situations.
High Accuracy Positioning of Backbone Network Infrastructure and Mobile Objects
Authors: AKHMEDOV Daulet , MOLDABEKOV Meirbek , YERYOMIN Denis , ZHAXYGULOVA Dinara
Published: December 2019

This article deals with the system of high accuracy positioning of backbone railway network infrastructure and mobile objects of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Using the developments of high accuracy satellite positioning systems and backbone geodetic networks for creating the system of high accuracy positioning in the railway field will allow determining coordinates of backbone network infrastructure and mobile objects and sites of defects revealed with high accuracy and, moreover, will possess the high degree of reliability of conducted measurements of railway infrastructure elements. High accuracy positioning can be provided by the implementation of reference GNSS stations along the backbone railways. The relevance of the study is that the project implementation will allow providing the high accuracy monitoring of defects and/or deviations of the rail track elements from design parameters, movement speed increase and railway transportation safety increase.
Effects of the Tribological Behaviour of h-BN MQL Nano Cutting Fluid (NCF-MQL) on Turning Inconel 625
Authors: PADHY Chinmaya , SINGH Pariniti
Published: December 2019

Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) is currently a widely used lubricating technique during machining, in which minimum amount of lubricant in the form of mist is delivered to the machining interface, thus helps to reduce the negative effects caused to the environment and human health. Further, to enhance the productivity of machining process specifically for hard-to-cut materials, nano cutting fluid (suitably mixed nano materials with conventional cutting fluid) is used as an alternative method to conventional lubrication (wet) in MQL. In this study, h-BN nano cutting fluid was formulated with 0.1% vol. concentration of h-BN in conventional cutting fluid (Servo- ‘S’) for NCF-MQL technique and its tribological behaviors on machining(turning) performance of Inconel 625 were studied and compared with other lubricating conditions (dry, wet, MQL conventional). The tribological effects were analyzed in terms of tool wear analysis, chip morphology along with statistical analysis for machined surface and evolved cutting forces during machining. The optimal input machining parameters for experiments were defined by the use of Taguchi and Grey relational based multi response optimization technique. Finally, the tribological study shows that the use of h-BN NCF-MQL is a viable and sustainable option for improving machining performance of hard- to- cut material like Inconel 625.
Rotation-Rotation Mechanism moving with Respect to a Plane
Authors: PETRE Roxana Alexandra , STROE Ion , CRAIFALEANU Andrei
Published: December 2019

The relative motion of a robotic arm formed by homogeneous bars of different lengths and masses, hinged to each other is investigated. The first bar of the mechanism is articulated on a platform, considered for three cases: placed on the surface of the Earth, so it is fixed; located on Earth, but in rotation with respect to it and in the final case, located on a space station, moving around the Earth. For all the analyzed cases the motion equations are determined using the Lagrangian formalism.
Numerical study on Modal Analysis of a typical bridge section with the influence of Aeroelastic effect
Authors: PRASAD G.
Published: December 2019

Due to the increase in the number of vehicles, transportation management is achieved through the construction of bridges. This article discusses the vibrational effect in the design of bridges. In the structural design of the bridges proper planning is necessary, as gusts may occur, leading to aeroelastic instabilities. In this article a typical bridge is designed using the design software CATIA and a numerical simulation using analysis software ANSYS. Further, the aeroelastic phenomenon involved in coupling of Fluid Structure Interaction is discussed. The results of Mode shape show vortex-induced vibrations which can lead to Flutter.
Design of Accurate Navigation System by Integrating INS and GPS modules
Authors: RAJA M. , ASTHANA Gaurav , SINGH Ajay , SINGHAL Ashna , LAKRA Pallavi
Published: December 2019

Navigation has a huge application in aviation and aircraft automatic approach. Two widely used navigation systems are Global position System (GPS) and Inertial Navigation System (INS). Triangulation method used to determine the aircrafts location by GPS, speed whereas an INS, with the aid of gyroscope and accelerometer, estimates the location, velocity and alignment of an aircraft. Aircraft navigation is a complex task and using only one of the above navigation systems results in inaccurate and insufficient data. GPS stops working when satellite signal is not received, susceptible to interfere occasionally has high noise content, and has a low bandwidth, INS system requires external information for initialization has long-term drift errors. Certain errors like ionosphere interference, clock error, orbital error, position error, etc. might arise and disrupt the navigation process. In order to outrun the limitations of the above two systems and counter the errors, both INS and GPS can be integrated and used to attain more smooth, accurate and faster aircraft attitude estimates, as they have complementary strengths and limitations. GPS is stable for a long period and can act as an independent navigation system whereas INS is not susceptible to interference and signal losses has high radio bandwidth and works well for short intervals of time. In order to get accurate and precise attitude estimation, calculation of the parameters at different altitude using both systems is done; furthermore the comparison and contrast between the results is performed, measured quantities are transformed between various frames like longitudinal to rolling, calculation and elimination of errors is done producing the final solution. Because of integrated GPS and INS, the navigation system exhibits robustness, higher bandwidth, better noise characteristics, and long-term stability.
Influence of Alternative Fuel Ratio on Turbocharger Combustor
Authors: SINGH Prabhat , CHAND Dharmahinder Singh , PAL Sourav , MISHRA Aadya
Published: December 2019

The present study investigates the effects of alternative fuel properties on combustion performance, in order to ensure reliable combustion performance using various fuel blends for powering an engine. The increasing rate of fuel cost and depletion of fossil fuels has led to the search for alternate fuels. Palm biodiesel derived from palm fatty acids meets the fuel requirements of an aircraft and is compatible with any engine without modifications. Viability of using a blend of present fossil fuels with biodiesel is studied. The engine was operated with petrol, diesel, palm biodiesel and a blend of these three fuels as a pair, with various ratios. The fuel was injected into the combustion chamber at an angle of 45o to the airflow and ignited using a spark plug. The blended fuel is found to have better efficiency than petrol or diesel. Furthermore, the low cost and abundant availability of the biofuel make it a viable alternative to the petroleum-based fuels currently in use. The combustion time and ignition delay are decreased with efficient biofuel due to high oxygen content and high octane number of the biofuel.
The influence of convective exchanges on Coandã effect
Authors: TRANCOSSI Michele , PASCOA Jose
Published: December 2019

Modeling Coandã effect has been a fundamental issue in fluid dynamic research in the XX century. It has lost some interest because of the improvement in CFD, even if it could be still important in the area of the preliminary design of aerodynamic devices that benefits of fluid deflection by convex surfaces. An effective model of Coandã effect has not been defined, and fundamental questions are still open. The influence of convective heat exchange on Coandã adhesion of a fluid stream on a convex surface in the presence of a temperature gradient between the fluid and the convex surface is a problem, which affects many practical cases, but it is still marginally approached by scientific literature. This paper aims to start an effective research direction on the effects of convective heat exchange on Coandã effect. It approaches the problem with a set of CFD simulations. It analyses the previous hypotheses, which are based on Prandtl number and evidences the need of a more effective model that accounts also for the Reynolds number.
The fly-by-wire system
Authors: NICOLIN Ilie , NICOLIN Bogdan Adrian
Published: December 2019

This report shows the execution and evolution of airplane flight control systems. The report describes the development of airplane flight control systems and gives a survey of the principal phases of the flight control systems that assure the finding and execution of the fly-by-wire system. The development of flight control systems, from human control with mechanical links to a wire-driven computer, is a remarkable representation of the development of aeronautical technologies. The fly-by-wire system constitutes a fast-forwarding in aircraft design, from mechanical linkage to large hydraulic actuators to computer-assisted fly-by-wire system. The use of the fly-by-wire system has generated huge satisfaction for the aircraft industry by lessening the weight of the flight control system, by creating multiple redundancy flight control systems, which increases the flight safety of all aircraft equipped with the fly-by-wire system. The passage from analog to digital is another fast-forwarding in the development of fly-by-wire systems.
Numerical Simulations for Fuel Aircraft Management System
Authors: ANDREI Irina-Carmen , STROE Gabriela , BERBENTE Sorin
Published: December 2019

The Fuel Management Systems for civil aircrafts have a direct impact on the airlines profitability, competitiveness and sustainability, because the fuel represents the highest cost for airlines, on average 32% of overall operating costs; extra costs can frequently be taken into account, due to the increase in time of approach and straight-in landing versus circle to land maneuver. The core philosophy of the Fuel Management Systems, targeted to aircraft safety, must be focused on the most important aspects regarding the efficient operation of an airline and its proper management expressed in terms of efficacy, efficiency and effectiveness; an actual concern of great interest is the adequate fuel management. In this paper, a thorough study was carried on based on the state of art detailed investigation, with numerical simulations for significant case studies which are relevant for the implementation of robust fuel management processes in order to increase the internal efficiency and reduce the overall costs. In this paper, fuel management solutions and specific mode of their implementation are presented. The benefits of Fuel Aircraft Management Systems are multiple related and refer to: minimizing the costs, reducing the workload, improving internal and external data sharing, reducing unnecessary communications, controlling fuel costs, making better decisions, improving cash flow and creating a more cohesive approach to the Fuel Aircraft Management System. The applications of Fuel Aircraft Management System are beneficial to the aviation industry, and particularly, this study brings a significant contribution to the topic, i.e. advances in Fuel Aircraft Management System.
Advancing drops on curved and flat surfaces
Authors: PATRASCU Claudiu , RASUCEANU Ioana , BALAN Corneliu
Published: December 2019

The paper is concerned with the dynamics of advancing liquid blobs of fluid on curved and flat solid surfaces, such as cycloids and inclined planes. We investigate the kinematics of such blobs on hydrophobic surfaces with emphasis on the shape of the interface as the fluid advances. A theoretical model is proposed that captures the shape of the interface at early times. Also, the trajectory of the fluid, as it detaches from the cycloid, is investigated and compared with theoretical predictions. We find a good qualitative agreement between predictions and experimental data. As an extension of the present findings, we also investigate the shape and the dynamics of advancing drops on cycloids, placed in a viscous outer immiscible liquid. We find both similarities, in terms of kinematics, and specific differences in the shape of the advancing drop.