bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A consistent Great Lakes ice cover digital data set for winters 1973–2019
Authors: Yang Ting-Yi , Kessler James , Mason Lacey , Chu Philip Y. , Wang Jia
Published: August 2020

Ice formation and loss in the Laurentian Great Lakes has a strong impact on regional climate, weather, economy and ecology in North America. To record the ice changes during the winter season, Great Lakes ice cover data has been collected and maintained since 1973 by Canadian Ice Service, U.S. National Ice Center, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. Throughout this long history, technology has improved and the needs of users have evolved, so Great Lakes ice cover datasets have been upgraded several times in both spatial and temporal resolutions. In order to make those long-term data consistent and accessible, we reprocessed the Great Lakes ice cover database to generate daily gridded data (1.8 km resolution) using a re-project method with Nearest Neighbor Search for spatial interpolation, and linear interpolation with categorization for temporal interpolation. This report elucidates data history, generation procedures, and file structure in order to improve access and usability of Great Lakes ice cover data.
Host biological factors and geographic locality influence predictors of parasite communities in sympatric sparid fishes off the southern Italian coast
Authors: Santoro Mario , Iaccarino Doriana , Bellisario Bruno
Published: August 2020

Host biological factors and habitat influence the faunal assemblages and biodiversity worldwide, including parasite communities of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. The ecological relationship between hosts and parasites can be mediated by interaction of host’s biological factors, as their physiological condition, diet and size, with the environmental components, somehow influencing the features of parasite infection in host populations. Here, we used boosted regression tree models to study the parasite communities of two sympatric sparid fishes, the salema Sarpa salpa and the white seabream Diplodus sargus, to investigate the role of specific host’s traits in two contiguous coastal areas along the southern-western Tyrrhenian coast of Italy characterized by different degree of deterioration. Results showed that overall and across all parasite groups (ecto-, endo- and ecto- plus endo-parasites), sampling localities were the most important predictors of abundance, species richness, and diversity for salema. Moreover, seasonality was the main predictor of endo-parasite abundance, while size-related factors explained most of the variation in species richness and diversity. In the white seabream, size-related factors and reproductive cycle-related factors were the most important predictors for the overall parasite abundance and parasite richness, respectively. Our findings suggest that the parasite community of salema and white seabream responded differently to specific biological factors, highlighting how the environmental conditions under which they live may exert a strong influence on the parasite communities of each host fish.
Prognostic role of radiological peritoneal cancer index in malignant peritoneal mesothelioma: national cohort study
Authors: Salo Silja A. S. , Lantto Eila , Robinson Eric , Myllärniemi Marjukka , Laaksonen Sanna , Salo Jarmo A. , Rantanen Tuomo , Ilonen Ilkka
Published: August 2020

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPeM) is a rare cancer of the mesothelial cells of the peritoneum. Computed tomography (CT) is considered the standard for first-line imaging of MPeM, diagnosis and risk stratification remains challenging. Peritoneal cancer index (PCI), as assessed by CT, is utilized in the prognostic assessment of other malignant intra-abdominal conditions; however, there is limited data concerning the utility of PCI in the diagnosis and workup of MPeM. We studied a retrospective cohort of all patients diagnosed with MPeM from 2000 to 2012 in Finland. CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were reviewed and scored by an experienced and blinded, board-certified abdominal radiologist. Additional clinical data and outcomes were obtained from Finnish Cancer Registry (FCR), the Workers’ Compensations Center (WCC), and Statistics Finland (SF). Abdominal CT or MRI was available for 53 of 90 patients. The median radiographic PCI was 25. PCI score was correlated with overall survival (p = 0.004, Exp(B) = 1.064, 95% CI 1.020–1.110). PCI score ≥ 30 was associated with worse survival (p = 0.002), while PCI ≤ 19 was associated with improved overall survival (p = 0.001). Our study indicates that radiological PCI is prognostic in MPeM and should be assessed during radiographic workup and integrated into clinical decision-making.
Effect of the expiratory positive airway pressure on dynamic hyperinflation and exercise capacity in patients with COPD: a meta-analysis
Authors: Cardoso Dannuey Machado , Gass Ricardo , Sbruzzi Graciele , Berton Danilo Cortozi , Knorst Marli Maria
Published: August 2020

Expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) is widely applicable, either as a strategy for pulmonary reexpansion, elimination of pulmonary secretion or to reduce hyperinflation. However, there is no consensus in the literature about the real benefits of EPAP in reducing dynamic hyperinflation (DH) and increasing exercise tolerance in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To systematically review the effects of EPAP application during the submaximal stress test on DH and exercise capacity in patients with COPD. This meta-analysis was performed from a systematic search in the PubMed, EMBASE, PeDRO, and Cochrane databases, as well as a manual search. Studies that evaluated the effect of positive expiratory pressure on DH, exercise capacity, sensation of dyspnea, respiratory rate, peripheral oxygen saturation, sense of effort in lower limbs, and heart rate were included. GRADE was used to determine the quality of evidence for each outcome. Of the 2,227 localized studies, seven studies were included. The results show that EPAP did not change DH and reduced exercise tolerance in the constant load test. EPAP caused a reduction in respiratory rate after exercise (− 2.33 bpm; 95% CI: − 4.56 to − 0.10) (very low evidence) when using a pressure level of 5 cmH2O. The other outcomes analyzed were not significantly altered by the use of EPAP. Our study demonstrates that the use of EPAP does not prevent the onset of DH and may reduce lower limb exercise capacity in patients with COPD. However, larger and higher-quality studies are needed to clarify the potential benefit of EPAP in this population.
Adsorption–desorption behavior of the endocrine-disrupting chemical quinestrol in soils
Authors: Guo Mingcheng , Lin Qin , Xu Zhenlan , Zhang Chunrong , Zhao Xueping , Tang Tao
Published: August 2020

Quinestrol (QUN), a synthetic estrogen used as an oral contraceptive or emergency contraceptive component, has been shown to be an endocrine-disrupting chemical. To assess the environmental risk of QUN, batch equilibration experiments were conducted to investigate the adsorption–desorption of QUN in five contrasting soils from different areas of China. The leaching properties were also calculated based on the adsorption and degradation data from our previous study with the same soils. The Freundlich and Langmuir models were applied to the sorption–desorption data to examine the affinity towards QUN of the soils, which had varying physical and chemical properties. The Kf and Kfdes values of QUN in the tested soils ranged from 3.72 to 20.47 mg1−n Ln kg−1 and from 1.26 to 7.8 mg1−n Ln kg−1, respectively, and Qm ranged from 28.25 to 126.58 mg/kg. The desorption data showed that hysteresis occurred. The Kf and Kfdes values of QUN were positively correlated with the soil total organic carbon (OC) and cation exchange capacity (CEC), and it may be due to the content of TOC and CEC exhibited a positive correlation. A low mobility potential of QUN in soils was predicted and verified the adsorption results by the groundwater ubiquity score (GUS) and retardation factor (Rf).
Atomically precise alloy nanoclusters: syntheses, structures, and properties
Authors: Kang Xi , Li Yingwei , Zhu Manzhou , Jin Rongchao
Published: August 2020

Atomically precise alloy nanoclusters have been continuously appealing to scientists owing to their tunable electronic/geometric structures and enriched physicochemical properties.
Controlled molecular architectures in microfluidic immunosensors for detecting Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Soares Andrey Coatrini , Soares Juliana Coatrini , Rodrigues Valquiria Cruz , Oliveira Osvaldo N. , Capparelli Mattoso Luiz Henrique
Published: August 2020

Investigation of the molecular control of nanostructured films, made with biocompatible polymers, applied in immunosensors for S. aureus detection.
Determination of fluoroquinolones in foods using ionic liquid modified Fe3O4/MWCNTs as the adsorbent for magnetic solid phase extraction coupled with HPLC
Authors: Zhang Meng , Chen Jie , Zhao Faqiong , Zeng Baizhao
Published: August 2020

The synthesized material (Fe3O4/MWCNTs/IL) exhibited excellent extraction capability and the proposed detection method for FQs was simple, convenient and sensitive.
Medical imaging of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine constructs
Authors: Berry David B. , Englund Erin K. , Chen Shaochen , Frank Lawrence R. , Ward Samuel R.
Published: August 2020

This review discusses key outcome measures for TERM constructs and various imaging techniques that can be used to assess them.
[Cp*RuPb11]3− and [Cu@Cp*RuPb11]2−: centered and non-centered transition-metal substituted zintl icosahedra
Authors: Li Ai-Min , Wang Yi , Zavalij Peter Y. , Chen Fu , Muñoz-Castro Alvaro , Eichhorn Bryan W.
Published: August 2020

Cluster anions [Cp*RuPb11]3− (1) and [Cu@Cp*RuPb11]2− (2) represent the first vertex-substituted zintl icosahedra and 1 is the first non-centered zintl icosahedron isolated in the condensed phase.
Copper-catalyzed alkylarylation of vinylarenes with cycloalkylsilyl peroxides and boronic acids
Authors: Yang Shuo , Gao Pin , Suo Meng-Ting , Gao Shu-Xin , Duan Xin-Hua , Guo Li-Na
Published: August 2020

A mild and efficient copper-catalyzed alkylarylation of vinylarenes with cycloalkylsilyl peroxides and boronic acids is described.
A systematic study of Ga- and N-polar GaN nanowire–shell growth by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Blumberg Christian , Häuser Patrick , Wefers Fabian , Jansen Dennis , Tegude Franz-Josef , Weimann Nils , Prost Werner
Published: August 2020

N-polar and Ga-polar (0001) GaN core–shell wires detached from an AlN/Si(111) growth template. Different facets have been identified, limiting the vertical shell growth extension, modelled by varying surface terminations and different H-passivation.
Growth and characterization of TmxY1−xCOB single crystals for nonlinear optical applications
Authors: He Xinchao , Tu Xiaoniu , Wang Sheng , Xiong Kainan , Shen Liming , Zheng Yanqing , Shi Erwei
Published: August 2020

TmxY1−xCa4O(BO3)3 crystals grown with the Bridgman method.
Designing high thermal conductivity of cross-linked epoxy resin via molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Huo Ran , Zhang Zhiyu , Athir Naveed , Fan Yanhao , Liu Jun , Shi Ling
Published: August 2020

Coarse-grained (CG) non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation was used to study the thermal conductivity of a cross-linked network composed of epoxy resin (E51) and polyether amine (PEA).
Composition-dependent chemical and structural stabilities of mixed tin–lead inorganic halide perovskites
Authors: Yang Jack
Published: August 2020

Reducing the chemical toxicity of lead halide perovskites with tin comes with a trade-off in chemical and structural stabilities.
How does the ligand affect the sensitivity of the luminescent thermometers based on Tb–Eu complexes
Authors: Popelensky Th. Yu. , Utochnikova V. V.
Published: August 2020

Theoretical description of a 4-level system for luminescent thermometry was proposed and verified. Equation to calculate the sensitivity was derived. For Tb–Eu complexes the ligand involvement can increase the sensitivity only if the ligand triplet state is above 26 800 cm−1.
Heterobimetallic Pd(0) complexes with Pd→Ln (Ln = Sc, Y, Yb, Lu) dative bonds: rare-earth metal-dominated frustrated Lewis pair-like reactivity
Authors: Du Jun , Zhang Yanan , Huang Zeming , Zhou Shuangliu , Fang Huayi , Cui Peng
Published: August 2020

A series of Pd–Ln complexes with Pd→Ln (Ln = Sc, Y, Yb, Lu) dative bonds exhibited notable dynamic structural features and unexpected frustrated Lewis pair-like reactivity.
Joint impact of atmospheric SO2and NH3on the formation of nanoparticles from photo-oxidation of a typical biomass burning compound
Authors: Jiang Xiaotong , Lv Chen , You Bo , Liu Zhiyi , Wang Xinfeng , Du Lin
Published: August 2020

The joint effects of SO2and NH3obviously promote the nanoparticles formation from the photooxidation of 3-methylfuran.
Characterization of various metal nanoparticles by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry: possibilities and limitations with regard to size and shape
Authors: Brandt Anja , Kees Karin , Leopold Kerstin
Published: August 2020

Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry is suitable to distinguish between metal nanoparticles and ions and to determine the volume of different shaped nanoparticles.
Vapour confinement as a strategy to fabricate metal and bimetallic nanostructures
Authors: V. S. Haritha , Balan Maya , Hosson J. Th. M. De , Krishnan Gopi
Published: August 2020

The schematic representation shows the synthesis of different Mg nanostructures using the thermal evaporation method.
Synthesis of thieno[2,3-h]-/[3,2-h]quinolines and thieno[2,3-f] quinolines by Brønsted acid mediated cycloisomerisation
Authors: Ponce Marian Blanco , Rodríguez Eugenio Torres , Flader Anika , Ehlers Peter , Langer Peter
Published: August 2020

Several thieno[2,3-h]-/[3,2-h]- and [2,3-f]quinolines have been synthesised from 2,3-dihalogenated pyridines or -quinolines by site-selective Pd catalysed cross-coupling reactions and Brønsted acid mediated cycloisomerisations as the final key step.
Brønsted-acid-catalyzed one-pot tandem annulation/[5 + 2]-cycloaddition of o-propargyl alcohol benzaldehydes with alkynes: regioselective and stereoselective synthesis of dibenzo[a,f]azulen-12-ones
Authors: Zhou Ni-Ni , Ning Si-Si , Li Lin-Qiang , Zhang Jie-Yun , Fan Ming-Jin , Yang De-Suo , Zhu Hai-Tao
Published: August 2020

The one-pot synthesis of dibenzo[a,f]azulen-12-ones has been established starting from o-propargyl alcohol benzaldehydes and alkynes.
Control strategy of clustered micro‐grids for grid voltage unbalance compensation without communications
Authors: Liu Baoquan , Zhao Xuguang , Liu Yan , Zhu Yixin , Chen Jingwen
Published: August 2020

Grid‐connected converters are expected to provide ancillary service utilising their spare capacities during operation. This study proposes a novel control strategy for clustered micro‐grids to compensate voltage‐unbalance of the power grid at the point of common coupling. Every micro‐grid are interfaced to the power grid through a micro‐grid inverter (MGI). All MGIs are designed independently with positive‐sequence (PS) and negative‐sequence (NS) control loops. Every micro‐grid autonomously performs grid synchronisation and mode switching. After grid‐connecting, a dynamic capacity allocation method is proposed for the MGIs to optimise its PS and NS capacity according to the grid voltage unbalance factor. Furthermore, a V–I droop control of the NS control loops is developed, with which each MGI can regulate its NS current according to the NS voltage in a droop manner. With the proposed method, all micro‐grids participate in grid voltage unbalance compensation according to their own potential capacities without communications. Finally, a micro‐grid cluster model with three micro‐grids is built on Matlab/Simulink to validate the proposed control strategy.
MPC and robustness optimisation‐based EMS for microgrids with high penetration of intermittent renewable energy
Authors: Nasr Mohamad‐Amin , Rabiee Abbas , Kamwa Innocent
Published: August 2020

This study develops a three‐stage energy management system (EMS) for renewable energy microgrid operation. The core of this framework is based on a unit commitment problem integrated with model predictive control (MPC) to address the problem of uncertainty in renewable sources. Meanwhile, it is shown that an MPC approach may be insufficient to fully address the hurdles for optimal and safe operation of wind power‐integrated energy systems due to the severity of wind speed fluctuations within even short time intervals. Spinning reserve resources can have a positive impact to ensure a reliable operation, yet their availability is highly dependent on the existence and capacity of dispatchable energy sources, such as diesel generators, in energy systems. Consequently, a supplementary Constrained Information Gap Decision Theory approach is utilised in this study to optimise the system's robustness against severe uncertainty of wind generations. In order to evaluate the presented framework, a descriptive index is first introduced, and then the model is applied to an isolated microgrid. The results indicate that by deploying these three stages, the renewable energy support index increases, ensuring an optimal, reliable, and safe operation.
The Lyman Alpha Reference Sample
Authors: Puschnig J. , Hayes M. , Östlin G. , Cannon J. , Smirnova-Pinchukova I. , Husemann B. , Kunth D. , Bridge J. , Herenz E. C. , Messa M. , Oteo I.
Published: August 2020

Context. Lyman-α (Lyα) is the brightest emission line in star-forming galaxies. However, its interpretation in terms of physical properties is hampered by the resonant nature of Lyα photons. In order to remedy this complicated situation, the Lyman Alpha Reference Sample (LARS) was defined, enabling the study of Lyα production and escape mechanisms in 14 local star-forming galaxies.

Aims. With this paper, we complement our efforts and study the global dust and (molecular) gas content as well as the properties of gas associated with photon-dominated regions. We aim to characterize the interstellar medium of LARS galaxies, allowing us to relate these newly derived properties to quantities relevant for Lyα escape.

Methods. We observed LARS galaxies with Herschel, SOFIA, the IRAM 30m telescope, and APEX, targeting far-infrared (FIR) continuum and emission lines of [C II]158 μm, [O I]63 μm, [O III]88 μm, and low-J CO lines. Using Bayesian methods we derived dust model parameters and estimated the total gas masses for all LARS galaxies, taking into account a metallicity-dependent gas-to-dust ratio. Star formation rates were estimated from FIR, [C II]158 μm, and [O I]63 μm luminosities.

Results. LARS covers a wide dynamic range in the derived properties, with FIR-based star formation rates from ∼0.5−100 M⊙ yr−1, gas fractions between ∼15−80%, and gas depletion times ranging from a few hundred megayears up to more than ten gigayears. The distribution of LARS galaxies in the Σgas versus ΣSFR (Kennicutt–Schmidt plane) is thus quite heterogeneous. However, we find that LARS galaxies with the longest gas depletion times, that is, relatively high gas surface densities (Σgas) and low star formation rate densities (ΣSFR), have by far the highest Lyα escape fraction. A strong approximately linear relation is found between the Lyα escape fraction and the total gas (HI+H2) depletion time. We argue that the Lyα escape in those galaxies is driven by turbulence in the star-forming gas that shifts the Lyα photons out of resonance close to the places where they originate. We further report on an extreme [C II]158 μm excess in LARS 5, corresponding to ∼14 ± 3% of the FIR luminosity, which probably is the most extreme [C II]-to-FIR ratio observed in a galaxy (without active nucleus) to date.
Shape Optimization of Blended-Wing-Body Underwater Gliders Based on Free-Form Deformation
Authors: Li Jinglu , Wang Peng , Chen Xu , Dong Huachao
Published: August 2020

Currently developed underwater gliders can be roughly divided into the two types:traditional configuration and unconventional configuration. As a type of underwater gliders with unconventional configuration, a blended-wing-body (BWB) underwater glider has better fluid dynamic performances because of its unique shape. However, it is difficult to design the shape of the BWB underwater glider that has excellent hydrodynamic performances. Therefore, it is of great significance to optimize its shape, which this paper carries out by using the free-form deformation (FFD). The complete and automatic shape optimization framework is established by jointly using FFD parameterization method, CFD solver, optimization algorithm and mesh deformation method. The framework is used to optimize the shape of a BWB underwater glider. The average drag coefficient of the BWB underwater glider during its sinking and floating in one working period is used as the objective function to optimize its shape, with the volume constraints considered. The optimization results show that the gliding performance of the BWB underwater glider is remarkably enhanced.
Study on Situation Awareness under Different Mental Workloads
Authors: Feng Chuanyan , Wanyan Xiaoru , Liu Shuang , Chen Hao , Zhuang Damin
Published: August 2020

The aim of the present study was to examine the situation awareness (SA) changes under various mental workloads and to explore the sensitive physiological indicators to SA under this circumstance. Twenty-four participants were recruited to perform tasks under three kinds of mental workload based on the Multi Attribute Task Battery (MATB) Ⅱ platform. Performance measures, situational awareness global assessment technology (SAGAT), three dimensions situation awareness rating technology (3D-SART), eye movement and electroencephalograph (EEG) data were recorded. Results indicated that, the SAGAT scores and 3D-SART scores decreased significantly with the increasing of mental workload. In addition, the two scores both have a medium negative relationship with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) scores. The SAGAT scores have a medium positive relationship with the high alpha relative power at C4 electrode site. What's more, The SAGAT scores have a medium negative relationship with the Nearest Neighbor Index (NNI) under high mental workload condition. In conclusion, under different mental workload levels, (1) Mental workload has a medium negative relationship with SA. (2) NNI and high alpha relative power may be possible sensitive indicators to SA. The present study can provide a reference for designing the display and control interface in cockpit and for optimization of man-machine functional allocation.
Doppler coherence imaging of scrape-off-layer impurity flows in the HL-2A tokamak
Authors: Long T. , Allcock J. S. , Nie L. , Sharples R. M. , Xu M. , Ke R. , Zhang S. , Silburn S. A. , Howard J. , Yu Y. , Yuan B. , Wang Z. H. , Song X. M. , Liu L. , Duan X. R.
Published: August 2020

A new Doppler coherence imaging spectroscopy interferometer has been developed on the HL-2A tokamak for the scrape-off-layer impurity flow measurement. Its spatial resolution is estimated to be up to ∼0.8 mm in the horizontal direction and ∼9 mm in the vertical direction, with a field of view of ∼34°. Its typical temporal resolution is about 1 ms. This salient feature allows for time-resolved 2D measurements in short-time phenomena on HL-2A, such as edge localized modes. Group delay and interference fringe pattern were calibrated with a dedicated calibration system. The robustness of group delay calibration and the feasibility of the extrapolation model for fringe pattern calibration are demonstrated. In this paper, we report the details of the optical instruments, calibration, and the initial experimental results of this Doppler coherence imaging spectroscopy interferometer.
Quieting an environmental magnetic field without shielding
Authors: Xiao Kangda , Wang Li , Guo Jun , Zhu Maohua , Zhao Xiuchao , Sun Xianping , Ye Chaohui , Zhou Xin
Published: August 2020

We construct an active magnetic compensation device and propose an efficient magnetic compensation method that suppresses a wider range of frequencies and amplitudes of time-varying magnetic fields than conventional methods. This system can compensate for all frequencies in the bandwidth of the sensors used by analyzing and extracting the spectral characteristics of the ambient field. We compensate simultaneously for various types of interference in rotation and achieve a reduction of the 50-Hz power-frequency field noise by 36 dB. Meanwhile, the real-time compensation of the field gradient is also investigated. Due to the effectiveness and extensive applicability of this method, it holds great promise for applications in atomic magnetometers, electron microscopes, and atomic clocks.
Excitation of dust acoustic shock waves in an inhomogeneous dusty plasma
Authors: Arora Garima , Bandyopadhyay P. , Hariprasad M. G. , Sen A.
Published: August 2020

An experimental investigation of the propagation characteristics of shock waves in an inhomogeneous dusty plasma is carried out in the dusty plasma experimental device. A homogeneous dusty plasma, made up of poly-dispersive kaolin particles, is initially formed in a direct current glow discharge argon plasma by maintaining a dynamic equilibrium of the pumping speed and the gas feeding rate. Later, an equilibrium density inhomogeneity in the dust fluid is created by introducing an imbalance in the original dynamic equilibrium. Non-linear wave structures are then excited in this inhomogeneous dusty plasma by a sudden compression in the dust fluid. These structures are identified as shock waves, and their amplitude and width profiles are measured spatially. The amplitude of a shock structure is seen to increase, whereas the width broadens as it propagates down a decreasing dust density profile. A modified-Korteweg–de Vries–Burger equation is derived and used to provide a theoretical explanation of the results, including the power law scaling of the changes in the amplitude and width as a function of the background density.
Stability analysis and numerical simulations of spatiotemporal HIV CD4+ T cell model with drug therapy
Authors: Ahmed Nauman , Elsonbaty Amr , Adel Waleed , Baleanu Dumitru , Rafiq Muhammad
Published: August 2020

In this study, an extended spatiotemporal model of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) CD4+ T cell with a drug therapy effect is proposed for the numerical investigation. The stability analysis of equilibrium points is carried out for temporal and spatiotemporal cases where stability regions in the space of parameters for each case are acquired. Three numerical techniques are used for the numerical simulations of the proposed HIV reaction–diffusion system. These techniques are the backward Euler, Crank–Nicolson, and a proposed structure preserving an implicit technique. The proposed numerical method sustains all the important characteristics of the proposed HIV model such as positivity of the solution and stability of equilibria, whereas the other two methods have failed to do so. We also prove that the proposed technique is positive, consistent, and Von Neumann stable. The effect of different values for the parameters is investigated through numerical simulations by using the proposed method. The stability of the proposed model of the HIV CD4+ T cell with the drug therapy effect is also analyzed.
A photonic atom probe coupling 3D atomic scale analysis with in situ photoluminescence spectroscopy
Authors: Houard J. , Normand A. , Di Russo E. , Bacchi C. , Dalapati P. , Beainy G. , Moldovan S. , Da Costa G. , Delaroche F. , Vaudolon C. , Chauveau J. M. , Hugues M. , Blavette D. , Deconihout B. , Vella A. , Vurpillot F. , Rigutti L.
Published: August 2020

Laser enhanced field evaporation of surface atoms in laser-assisted Atom Probe Tomography (APT) can simultaneously excite photoluminescence in semiconductor or insulating specimens. An atom probe equipped with appropriate focalization and collection optics has been coupled with an in situ micro-photoluminescence (μPL) bench that can be operated during APT analysis. The photonic atom probe instrument we have developed operates at frequencies up to 500 kHz and is controlled by 150 fs laser pulses tunable in energy in a large spectral range (spanning from deep UV to near IR). Micro-PL spectroscopy is performed using a 320 mm focal length spectrometer equipped with a CCD camera for time-integrated and with a streak camera for time-resolved acquisitions. An example of application of this instrument on a multi-quantum well oxide heterostructure sample illustrates the potential of this new generation of tomographic atom probes.
Characterization of fusion plasmas in the cylindrical DTU inertial electrostatic confinement device
Authors: Rasmussen J. , Jensen T. , Korsholm S. B. , Kihm N. E. , Ohms F. K. , Gockenbach M. , Schmidt B. S. , Goss E.
Published: August 2020

Inertial electrostatic confinement offers a relatively simple and cost-effective means of generating fusion plasmas for research and industrial applications. Here, we present the experimental setup and discharge characteristics of the inertial electrostatic confinement device at the Dept. of Physics, Technical Univ. of Denmark. Special features of this setup include a cylindrical anode and the novel use of 3D printed soccerball-like cathode grids of different sizes. Measurements with these grids show 25% higher fusion neutron rates than with manually manufactured grids with larger wire spacings. Additionally, we observe significantly higher neutron rates with smaller grids, with spherical rather than cylindrical cathodes, and when using the vacuum chamber, rather than a second spherical grid, as the anode. Ion–orbit simulations predict a core density in the ion distribution in good agreement with optical measurements, confirming that asymmetries in the cathode grid potential prevent a fully convergent ion flow. The simulations also demonstrate that the asymmetry of the electric field induced by the voltage stalk lowers the characteristic ion recirculation by a factor of four, and we discuss measures to circumvent this. Comparing measurements and simulations conducted with a spherical and cylindrical grid reveals tentative evidence that fusion reactivity is highly core-localized, pointing to ion–neutral fusion as the dominant reaction. We also quantify the thermionic and impact-induced secondary electron emission in the device, showing that only the latter can potentially suppress the ion current during normal operation.
Skyrmion bubbles stabilization in confined hole and trench materials
Authors: Qin Gang , Wang Ying , Pei Ke , Zhang Ruixuan , Zhang Chang , Luo Yongming , Cao Jiangwei , Che Renchao
Published: August 2020

We report the direct evidence of the stabilization of magnetic skyrmion bubbles (SkBs) in confined trench and hole structures. By using a high-resolution atomic force microscope, we demonstrated that SkBs exhibit smaller sizes in nanoscale holes and trenches compared with that in uniform films. Our micromagnetic simulations indicate that emergence of the magnetic anisotropic gradient in these confined geometries has an additional contribution to the decrease in SkBs' sizes.
High power and high pulse repetition frequency transistorized pulser by time base stability improvement and power synthesis technique
Authors: Qiu Yang-xin , Xie Yan-zhao , Gao Ming-xiang , Wang Si-qi , Li Ke-jie , Wang Shao-fei , Gu Yu-Hao , Lai Yu-chen
Published: August 2020

Output power of a transistorized pulser is usually limited by the power capacity of avalanche transistors. To improve the total output power, the power synthesis method is widely used, in which a single pulser with high output power and high time base stability is required. However, the time base stability tends to deteriorate as the output power increases. To improve the output power under the premise of high time base stability, from the perspective of carrier movement, the mechanisms of pulse jitter and pulse drift are investigated. It is found that the pulse jitter is caused by time dispersion of the ionization process in the collector depletion region, while the pulse drift is due to the decrement of the diffusion coefficient Dn and the electron mobility μn, which are both temperature-dependent. Based on the microscopic theoretical study, some macroscopic improvements on the time base stability are made. Some parameters of the trigger pulse and the circuit (e.g., charging capacitance) are optimized experimentally. Consequently, we achieved a pulser with an amplitude of 1.8 kV, pulse jitter of 25 ps, pulse drift of 100 ps/min at a pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of 100 kHz. Additionally, a new parameter k, the product of the highest PRF f and the peak power Ep, is defined to evaluate the output power. With almost the same time base stability, the proposed pulser has a k of 6.48 GHz W, which is improved significantly. Finally, a synthesized pulser with an amplitude of 2.5 kV and highest PRF of 100 kHz is achieved.
Device quality templates of InxGa1−xN (x < 0.1) with defect densities comparable to GaN
Authors: Routh Evyn L. , Abdelhamid Mostafa , El-Masry N. A. , Bedair S. M.
Published: August 2020

InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) structures currently used in optical devices are based on highly strained InGaN films. The presence of strain reduces quantum efficiency and indium incorporation, two critical parameters in addressing the green gap. We report on the growth of InGaN-relaxed templates on GaN as substrates to reduce the strain in the MQW structures. Relaxation in the InGaN templates, due to the lattice mismatch, is accommodated by the generation of V-pits rather than the formation of misfit dislocations. InxGa1−xN templates (x ∼ 0.1) are grown via a modified semibulk (SB) approach, with a gradually increasing GaN interlayer thickness to provide a mechanism for backfilling of V-pits. We used high-resolution x-ray diffraction rocking curves to quantify the edge-type and screw-type dislocation density present in the SB and compared the results with the etch pit density obtained via atomic force microscopy after treating the SB with a silane etch. Device-quality InGaN templates with defect density in the mid 108 cm−2 were investigated using the above two approaches, with a quality comparable to state-of-the-art GaN.
Fock space dualities
Authors: Neergård K.
Published: August 2020

A general theorem due to Howe of dual action of a classical group and a certain non-associative algebra on a space of symmetric or alternating tensors is reformulated in a setting of second quantization, and familiar examples in atomic and nuclear physics are discussed. The special case of orthogonal–orthogonal duality is treated in detail. It is shown that, like it was done by Helmers more than half a century ago in the analogous case of symplectic–symplectic duality, one can base a proof of the orthogonal–orthogonal duality theorem and a precise characterization of the relation between the equivalence classes of the dually related irreducible representations on a calculation of characters by combining it, in this case, with an analysis of the representation of a reflection. Young diagrams for the description of equivalence classes of irreducible representations of orthogonal Lie algebras are introduced. The properties of a reflection of the number non-conserving part in the dual relationship between orthogonal Lie algebras corroborate a picture of an almost perfect symmetry between the partners.
Near-field radiative heat transfer between twisted nanoparticle gratings
Authors: Luo Minggang , Zhao Junming , Antezza Mauro
Published: August 2020

We study the near-field radiative heat transfer between two twisted finite-size polar dielectric nanoparticle gratings. Different from previous studies of the same configuration, we do not rely on any approximated effective medium theory to describe the gratings. By the full many-body radiative heat transfer theory, we are able to investigate how the size, distance, and relative orientation between the gratings influence the radiative heat flux. By changing the twisting angle θ, we show a significant oscillation of the thermal conductance G(θ), due to the size effect for gratings of both square and circular shapes. The distance- and twisting-dependent coupling between the gratings accounts for a strong and characteristic modulation of radiative thermal conductance with implications for the energy management, sensing, and the micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) and nano-electromechanical system (NEMS) devices.
Theoretical efficiency limit of graphene-semiconductor solar cells
Authors: Javadi Mohammad
Published: August 2020

The maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of graphene-semiconductor solar cells (GSSCs) is calculated with regard to the universal scaling laws of thermionic emission across graphene/3D-semiconductor Schottky junctions. The performance of GSSCs as a function of the interface Schottky barrier height and the bandgap of semiconductor (Eg) is investigated. Under ideal conditions, these photovoltaic cells reveal a broad maximum at Eg=1.1–1.7 eV with PCE exceeding 25%. The efficiency limits of graphene/silicon and graphene/GaAs solar cells are determined to be 25.5% and 27.5%, respectively. The effect of environmental temperature on the solar cell performance is also investigated, and it is found that to a good degree, the PCE of GSSCs varies linearly with temperature. The thermal coefficients of PCE for graphene/silicon and graphene/GaAs solar cells are obtained to be −0.076%/K and −0.058%/K, respectively. This study is of fundamental importance for GSSCs and provides insights for further improvements.
Large-scale informatic analysis to algorithmically identify blood biomarkers of neurological damage
Authors: O’Connell Grant C. , Alder Megan L. , Smothers Christine G. , Chang Julia H. C.
Published: August 2020

Significance

The discovery and development of precision blood biomarkers which can accurately detect damage to brain tissue could transform how we diagnose and treat neurological pathologies. In this study, we used mRNA expression data generated from thousands of tissue samples to algorithmically evaluate nearly every protein-coding gene in the human genome in terms of potential to produce blood biomarkers for neurological damage based on expression profiles both across the body and within the brain. This unprecedented analysis identifies a plethora of previously unexplored candidate blood biomarkers which could have clinical utility for noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of various common neurological conditions, including traumatic brain injury, stroke, and multiple sclerosis.
The placement of co-verbgěiin spoken Mandarin varieties
Authors: Peng Chun-Yi
Published: August 2020

Many spoken Mandarin varieties allow for the oscillation of the co-verbgěi‘give’ between the pre- and post-verbal positions. Much attention has been directed to semantic and syntactic factors that constrain its placement. However, language external factors remain under-researched. This study examines sociolinguistic including regional influences on the variable placement of the co-verbgěiin spoken Mandarin. Data is collected at both production and perception levels to investigate the regional and social distributions of thegěi-phrase. At the production level, the data suggests that substrate influences from a speaker’s home vernacular play a crucial role. Results at the perception level remain inconclusive, and more research is required to unpack the complex role of sociolinguistic factors in such variation.
NCKAP1Ldefects lead to a novel syndrome combining immunodeficiency, lymphoproliferation, and hyperinflammation
Authors: Castro Carla Noemi , Rosenzwajg Michelle , Carapito Raphael , Shahrooei Mohammad , Konantz Martina , Khan Amjad , Miao Zhichao , Groß Miriam , Tranchant Thibaud , Radosavljevic Mirjana , Paul Nicodème , Stemmelen Tristan , Pitoiset Fabien , Hirschler Aurélie , Nespola Benoit , Molitor Anne , Rolli Véronique , Pichot Angélique , Faletti Laura Eva , Rinaldi Bruno , Friant Sylvie , Mednikov Mark , Karauzum Hatice , Aman M. Javad , Carapito Christine , Lengerke Claudia , Ziaee Vahid , Eyaid Wafaa , Ehl Stephan , Alroqi Fayhan , Parvaneh Nima , Bahram Seiamak
Published: August 2020

The Nck-associated protein 1–like (NCKAP1L) gene, alternatively called hematopoietic protein 1 (HEM-1), encodes a hematopoietic lineage–specific regulator of the actin cytoskeleton. Nckap1l-deficient mice have anomalies in lymphocyte development, phagocytosis, and neutrophil migration. Here we report, for the first time, NCKAP1L deficiency cases in humans. In two unrelated patients of Middle Eastern origin, recessive mutations in NCKAP1L abolishing protein expression led to immunodeficiency, lymphoproliferation, and hyperinflammation with features of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Immunophenotyping showed an inverted CD4/CD8 ratio with a major shift of both CD4+ and CD8+ cells toward memory compartments, in line with combined RNA-seq/proteomics analyses revealing a T cell exhaustion signature. Consistent with the core function of NCKAP1L in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, patients’ T cells displayed impaired early activation, immune synapse morphology, and leading edge formation. Moreover, knockdown of nckap1l in zebrafish led to defects in neutrophil migration. Hence, NCKAP1L mutations lead to broad immune dysregulation in humans, which could be classified within actinopathies.
Modelling, simulation, and experimental verification of a pendulum-flywheel vibrational energy harvester
Authors: Wang Yifeng , Gao Mingyuan , Ouyang Huajiang , Li Shoutai , He Qing , Wang Ping
Published: August 2020

Vibration energy harvesting has been a popular topic in recent years. This technology is promising in developing self-powered sensor nodes for health condition monitoring of machines or structures, especially in remote areas. This study proposes a pendulum-flywheel vibration energy harvester based on the electromagnetic energy conversion mechanism. The harvester has two motion modes, namely the pendulum mode and eccentric flywheel mode, and can switch between the two modes automatically in response to external excitations.

We first establish a theoretical model and fabricate a prototype of the harvester for evaluating its performance. Then, experimental and theoretical methods are employed to estimate the parameters of the model, such as the dipole moment of magnets, the mechanical damping coefficients, and the optimal resistance of the external electrical load. The typical trajectories of different motion modes, the frequency response characteristics, and the influence factors on the basins of attraction of the harvester are studied with the theoretical model. It is found that the small magnet distance can broaden the frequency band and enlarge the amplitude of the dynamic responses of the system. This finding provides us with an approach to control the performance of harvester and enables it to have stronger adaptability to variant ambient vibration in nature. Finally, laboratory tests are performed to validate the theoretical model. The experimental data verified the assumption that the rotation speed of the pendulum and the induced electromotive voltage have a linear relationship. Experimental and numerical simulation results show that the errors between them in most cases are less than 10% when the excitation displacement is small and have a slight increase with the excitation displacement. In the experiments, this harvester achieves a maximum power of 16.3 mW, exhibiting good performance in comparison with the-state-of-the-art pendulum-based harvesters.
The Impact of Alien Plant Species on Environmental Parameters Habitats Slope Forest-Steppe
Authors: Lepeshkina L A , Voronin A A , Klevtsova M A , Krutova O V , Yeprintsev S A
Published: August 2020

This research looks at the results of studying the role of invasive plant species in the transformation of habitats. Changes in the main environmental parameters are established tracts gullies oak and meadow-steppe tracts (soil moisture, climate humicity, soil richness, light-shading). Expands cenotic specificity of plant invasions in Middle Russian Upland conditions caused by heterogeneity of habitat landscape and its human evolution. Consequences of plant invasions identify cenotic and landscape ecological strategy of invasive species in the region, resulting in the replacement (dubbing) is not only at the species level, but also at the level of zonal types of communities.
Acoustic and Eddy Current Methods of Nondestructive Testing of Thermally Expanded Graphite Sheets
Authors: Bogdan O P , Zlobin D V , Muravieva O V , Muraviev V V , Volkova L V
Published: August 2020

The paper presents noncontact methods for testing the density of thermally expanded graphite (TEG) sheets: acoustic shadow method, based on the evaluation of the transmission coefficient of the acoustic wave in high frequency range, and eddy current method, based on the evaluation of the complex resistance of parametric surface-mounted eddy-current transducer. Rresults of investigation of the sensitivity curves for the sheets and mats of TEG in a wide range of their density variations. According to the results of the experiment, there is a decrease in the amplitude parameter U in the implementation of the acoustic shadow method with an increase in the density of TEG sheets. Increasing the density of TEG sheets also leads to a linear decrease in the complex resistance of eddy current transducer.
Crushing deutetrabenazine for treatment of tardive dyskinesia in a patient with severe orofacial symptoms: A case report
Authors: Wietholter Jon P , Sizemore Jenna , Piechowski Kara
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a hyperkinetic movement disorder that results from exposure to dopamine receptor antagonists and/or first- and second-generation antipsychotics. While cessation of the offending agent(s) through early detection is recommended, TD symptoms may be irreversible and require further treatment. Deutetrabenazine is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of persistent TD. Irreversible orofacial dyskinesia, a common affliction in TD, can progress to severe oropharyngeal dysphagia requiring alternate means of nutrition and medication delivery. Enteral administration of crushed deutetrabenazine has not been studied, and its use to treat TD in patients who cannot take medications by mouth has not been reported previously.

A 38-year-old female patient with a history of bipolar I disorder and TD secondary to atypical antipsychotic exposure developed worsening athetosis, hyperkinesia, and severe orofacial dyskinesia after initiation of ziprasidone. The patient had no improvement after discontinuation of atypical antipsychotics and required percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement for nutrition due to persistent aspiration and inability to tolerate oral nutrition. Despite a lack of information regarding administration of crushed deutetrabenazine tablets via PEG, that form of therapy was initiated and resulted in improvement of TD symptoms without noticeable adverse effects.

Conclusion

TD can result in significant orofacial dyskinesia with impaired delivery of needed medications and nutrition. We describe a case in which a patient with severe TD and orofacial dyskinesia experienced improvement of symptoms with use of crushed deutetrabenazine. Larger studies to further evaluate use of crushed deutetrabenazine for treatment of TD are needed.