bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel CREB5/TOP1MT axis confers cisplatin resistance through inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tong Tong , Qin Xing , Jiang Yingying , Guo Haiyan , Wang Xiaoning , Li Yan , Xie Fei , Lu Hao , Zhai Peisong , Ma Hailong , Zhang Jianjun
Published: July 2022

Background

Cisplatin resistance is one of the main causes of treatment failure and death in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). A more comprehensive understanding of the cisplatin resistance mechanism and the development of effective treatment strategies are urgent.

Methods

RNA sequencing, RT-PCR, and immunoblotting were used to identify differentially expressed genes associated with cisplatin resistance. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to detect the effect of CREB5 on cisplatin resistance and mitochondrial apoptosis in HNSCC. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and immunoblotting experiments were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms of CREB5.

Results

CREB5 was significantly upregulated in cisplatin-resistant HNSCC (CR-HNSCC) patients, which was correlated with poor prognosis. CREB5 overexpression strikingly facilitated the cisplatin resistance of HNSCC cells in vitro and in vivo, while CREB5 knockdown enhanced cisplatin sensitivity in CR-HNSCC cells. Interestingly, the activation of AKT signaling induced by cisplatin promoted nucleus translocation of CREB5 in CR-HNSCC cells. Furthermore, CREB5 transcriptionally activated TOP1MT expression depending on the canonical motif. Moreover, CREB5 silencing could trigger mitochondrial apoptosis and overcome cisplatin resistance in CR-HNSCC cells, which could be reversed by TOP1MT overexpression. Additionally, double-targeting of CREB5 and TOP1MT could combat cisplatin resistance of HNSCC in vivo.

Conclusions

Our findings reveal a novel CREB5/TOP1MT axis conferring cisplatin resistance in HNSCC, which provides a new basis to develop effective strategies for overcoming cisplatin resistance.
Regional variation in lifestyle patterns and BMI in young children: the GECKO Drenthe cohort
Authors: Wiersma Rikstje , Rijnks Richard H. , Bocca Gianni , Boezen H. Marike , Hartman Esther , Corpeleijn Eva
Published: July 2022

Background

A better understanding of lifestyle behaviours of children < 7 years and the relation with childhood overweight is needed. The aim of our prospective study was to examine how lifestyle patterns in young children are associated with the development of childhood overweight. As ecological models suggest focusing on not only the child as an individual, but also their environment, we also considered the role of socio-economic status (SES) and spatial clustering of lifestyle and body mass index (BMI).

Methods

In 1792 children (aged 3–6 years) participating in the GECKO Drenthe cohort, diet, screen time, outdoor play and sleep were assessed by questionnaires and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time by accelerometry (Actigraph GT3X). At 10–11 years, height and weight were measured to calculate age- and sex-specific standardized BMI z-scores (zBMI). Lifestyle patterns were identified using principal component analysis. To assess spatial clustering for the lifestyle patterns and zBMI, we calculated the Global Moran’s I statistic. Linear- and logistic regression models, taking into account SES, were performed to examine the association between the lifestyle patterns and the development of overweight. For the spatial analyses, we added spatial terms for the determinants, the outcome, and the error term.

Results

Three lifestyle patterns were identified: (1) ‘high activity’, (2) ‘low screen time, high sleep and healthy diet’, and (3) ‘high outdoor play’. No associations were observed between the ‘high activity’ or ‘high outdoor play’ patterns at young age with the development of childhood overweight (all p > 0.05). In contrast, children who adhered to the ‘low screen time, high sleep and healthy diet’ pattern had lower odds to become overweight and a lower zBMI at 10–11 years (odds ratio [95% CI] = 0.766 [0.65; 0.90]). These findings remained similar after taking SES into account. Regarding the spatial analyses, we found spatial clustering of zBMI, but no spatial clustering of the lifestyle patterns.

Conclusions

Low screen time, high sleep duration and a healthy diet cluster into a pattern that seems favourable in the prevention of childhood overweight, independent of individual SES. The spatial analyses suggest that there are likely other neighbourhood factors that contribute to the spatial clustering of childhood overweight.
Molecular Landscape of LncRNAs in Prostate Cancer: A focus on pathways and therapeutic targets for intervention
Authors: Mirzaei Sepideh , Paskeh Mahshid Deldar Abad , Okina Elena , Gholami Mohammad Hossein , Hushmandi Kiavash , Hashemi Mehrdad , Kalu Azuma , Zarrabi Ali , Nabavi Noushin , Rabiee Navid , Sharifi Esmaeel , Karimi-Maleh Hassan , Ashrafizadeh Milad , Kumar Alan Prem , Wang Yuzhuo
Published: July 2022

Background

One of the most malignant tumors in men is prostate cancer that is still incurable due to its heterogenous and progressive natures. Genetic and epigenetic changes play significant roles in its development. The RNA molecules with more than 200 nucleotides in length are known as lncRNAs and these epigenetic factors do not encode protein. They regulate gene expression at transcriptional, post-transcriptional and epigenetic levels. LncRNAs play vital biological functions in cells and in pathological events, hence their expression undergoes dysregulation.

Aim of review

The role of epigenetic alterations in prostate cancer development are emphasized here. Therefore, lncRNAs were chosen for this purpose and their expression level and interaction with other signaling networks in prostate cancer progression were examined.

Key scientific concepts of review

The aberrant expression of lncRNAs in prostate cancer has been well-documented and progression rate of tumor cells are regulated via affecting STAT3, NF-κB, Wnt, PI3K/Akt and PTEN, among other molecular pathways. Furthermore, lncRNAs regulate radio-resistance and chemo-resistance features of prostate tumor cells. Overexpression of tumor-promoting lncRNAs such as HOXD-AS1 and CCAT1 can result in drug resistance. Besides, lncRNAs can induce immune evasion of prostate cancer via upregulating PD-1. Pharmacological compounds such as quercetin and curcumin have been applied for targeting lncRNAs. Furthermore, siRNA tool can reduce expression of lncRNAs thereby suppressing prostate cancer progression. Prognosis and diagnosis of prostate tumor at clinical course can be evaluated by lncRNAs. The expression level of exosomal lncRNAs such as lncRNA-p21 can be investigated in serum of prostate cancer patients as a reliable biomarker.
Associations between proton pump inhibitors and Alzheimer’s disease: a nested case–control study using a Korean nationwide health screening cohort
Authors: Choi Hyo Geun , Kim Joo-Hee , Kim Ji Hee , Kim Eun Soo , Park Ha Young , Min Kyueng-Whan , Kwon Mi Jung
Published: July 2022

Background

Safety concerns against the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) based on the risk of dementia, especially Alzheimer’s disease (AD), remain controversial. Here, we investigated the likelihood of AD depending on previous PPI exposure, use duration, and PPI generation.

Methods

This nested case–control study comprised 17,225 AD patients who were 1:4 matched with 68,900 controls for age, sex, income, and region of residence from Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort data between 2002 and 2015 using propensity-score matching method. Conditional and unconditional logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the effects of previous PPI use on AD adjusting for multiple covariates.

Results

Prior PPI use increased likelihood for AD in current and past PPI users (adjusted odds ratio 1.36 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.26–1.46] and 1.11 [95% CI = 1.04–1.18], respectively). Participants with either < 30 days, 30–90 days, or > 90 days of PPI prescription showed higher odds for AD (1.13 [95% CI = 1.07–1.19]; 1.18 [95% CI = 1.10–1.27]; 1.26 [95% CI = 1.16–1.36], respectively). Participants with either 1st-generation or 2nd-generation PPIs demonstrated higher incidences of AD in those with < 30 days (1.14 [95% CI = 1.07–1.22] and 1.13 [95% CI = 1.05–1.22], respectively), 30–90 days (1.19 [95% CI = 1.09–1.30] and 1.17 [95% CI = 1.05–1.29], respectively), or > 90 days (1.18 [95% CI = 1.07–1.30] and 1.27 [95% CI = 1.14–1.43], respectively) of prescription.

Conclusions

Prior PPI use, regardless of current or past exposure, duration of use, or use of 1st- or 2nd-generation PPIs, may increase likelihood of AD, providing supportive evidence of previous pharmacoepidemiologic studies.
Predictors of outcome following a body image treatment based on acceptance and commitment therapy for patients with an eating disorder
Authors: Fogelkvist Maria , Aila Gustafsson Sanna , Kjellin Lars , Parling Thomas
Published: July 2022

Background

It is important to target body image in individuals with an eating disorder (ED). Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) has been trialed in a few studies for individuals with an ED. Although ACT outcomes in ED patients hold promise, studies of predictors are scarce. The aim of the present study was to explore differences in ED symptom outcome at two-year follow-up in subgroups of participants attending either treatment as usual (TAU), or a group intervention based on ACT targeting body image. Additionally, we aimed to compare subjective recovery experiences between groups.

Methods

The study took place at a specialized ED outpatient clinic, and included patients diagnosed with an ED that had received prior treatment and achieved a somewhat regular eating pattern. Study participants were randomly assigned to continue TAU or to participate in a group intervention based on ACT for body image issues. Only participants that completed the assigned intervention and had completed follow up assessment by two-years were included. The total sample consisted of 77 women.

Results

In general, ACT participants showed more favorable outcomes compared to TAU, and results were more pronounced in younger participants with shorter prior treatment duration and lower baseline depression ratings. Participants with restrictive ED psychopathology had three times higher ED symptom score change if participating in ACT in comparison to TAU.

Conclusions

An ACT group intervention targeting body image after initial ED treatment may further enhance treatment effects. There is a need for further investigation of patient characteristics that might predict response to body image treatment, particularly regarding ED subtypes and depression ratings.
Assessing the range of cognitive processes in the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education Examination (HKDSE)’s English language reading literacy test
Authors: Ho Pok Jing
Published: July 2022

This study examines the range of cognitive processes assessed in the English language reading literacy test as part of the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education Examination (HKDSE), the secondary school exit test in Hong Kong. Prior studies have suggested that higher order cognitive processes are often undermined in high-stakes tests and classrooms, due to what is called the “washback effect.” This prompts the following hypothesis: despite its top-performing education system, Hong Kong has failed to provide a versatile collection of test items that involve complex reasoning. To investigate the cognitive demands of the test, as well as their relationship with student performance, this study maps the test items with reference to the cognitive levels assessed using in-depth document analysis. ANOVA is used to statistically determine differences in accuracy rates to supplement the analysis throughout. Results indicate that the test has placed an overwhelming emphasis on lower order cognitive processes over the past decade (2012–2019) and that items assessing higher order cognitive skills are, as expected, met with statistically significantly poorer performance in the test. Implications for future revision of the test and curriculum policy are discussed.
Position of the AI for Health Imaging (AI4HI) network on metadata models for imaging biobanks
Authors: Kondylakis Haridimos , Ciarrocchi Esther , Cerda-Alberich Leonor , Chouvarda Ioanna , Fromont Lauren A. , Garcia-Aznar Jose Manuel , Kalokyri Varvara , Kosvyra Alexandra , Walker Dawn , Yang Guang , Neri Emanuele ,   the AI4HealthImaging Working Group on metadata models**
Published: July 2022

A huge amount of imaging data is becoming available worldwide and an incredible range of possible improvements can be provided by artificial intelligence algorithms in clinical care for diagnosis and decision support. In this context, it has become essential to properly manage and handle these medical images and to define which metadata have to be considered, in order for the images to provide their full potential. Metadata are additional data associated with the images, which provide a complete description of the image acquisition, curation, analysis, and of the relevant clinical variables associated with the images. Currently, several data models are available to describe one or more subcategories of metadata, but a unique, common, and standard data model capable of fully representing the heterogeneity of medical metadata has not been yet developed. This paper reports the state of the art on metadata models for medical imaging, the current limitations and further developments, and describes the strategy adopted by the Horizon 2020 “AI for Health Imaging” projects, which are all dedicated to the creation of imaging biobanks.
Diagnostic usefulness of implantable loop recorder in patients with unexplained syncope or palpitation
Authors: Choi Yun Young , Choi Jong-Il , Kim Yun Gi , Min Kyongjin , Roh Seung-Young , Shim Jaemin , Choi Jin Seok , Kim Young-Hoon
Published: July 2022

Background

In a substantial proportion of patients with syncope, the exact cause is not identified because of the difficulty to document electrocardiograms correlated with the events during a syncope episode. Thus, an implantable loop recorder (ILR) was introduced for diagnosing hidden arrhythmia; however, its clinical use remains limited. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective analysis to assess the diagnostic value of the ILR in patients with unexplained syncope or palpitations.

Methods

All patients who had undergone ILR implantation from May 2016 to January 2020, were studied retrospectively. We analyzed their electrocardiogram stored in the device.

Results

Among the 70 patients (mean age ± SD; 50.2 ± 20.3 years, 27 men) with unknown causes of syncope or palpitation, during two years follow-up, arrhythmia was detected in 26 patients (37.1%). Nineteen (73.1%) patients underwent permanent pacemaker implantation due to symptomatic bradycardia or atrioventricular block. All arrhythmias were detected within 6 days to 39 months after loop recorder implantation. Thirteen patients (50%) showed sick sinus syndrome (eight long pauses and five tachycardia-bradycardia syndromes). Eleven patients (42.3%) had paroxysmal atrioventricular block. Two patients who underwent permanent pacemaker implantation showed a positive tilt-table test. Three patients underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation. The mean duration for the detection of first sign (arrhythmia or palpitations) was 7.5 months, and the time from the detection of arrhythmia to ablation or device implantation was 3.4 months.

Conclusion

ILR monitoring detected a substantial number of significant bradycardias in patients with unexplained syncope and palpitations, suggesting that it is an effective diagnostic method that can shorten the time required to identify the cause of arrhythmias.
IMAGE Preview: Expand your horizons at IMAGE '22
Authors: Taylor Kelsy
Published: July 2022

The International Meeting for Applied Geoscience and Energy (IMAGE '22) will be fully live and in person 28 August through 1 September at the George R. Brown Convention Center in Houston, Texas.
Introduction to this special section: Potential fields
Authors: Li Yaoguo , Weiss Chester J.
Published: July 2022

This special section of The Leading Edge is dedicated to recent advances in potential field methods of geophysical exploration. In their broadest sense, these methods are rooted in data whose origins are compatible with solutions to the Laplace equation such as gravity, magnetics, and electrostatics, each responding to distinct and complementary material properties of the subsurface such as mass density, magnetic susceptibility, and electrical conductivity. These proxies for the real targets of geologic interest (lithologic boundaries, fluid-saturated zones, regions of mineral alteration, etc.) have proven themselves indispensable, for example, through joint inversion of seismic data and their direct reflection — no pun intended — of subsurface variations in seismic wavespeed. Indeed, joint inversion seismic and gravity data yield a direct path toward inference and constraint of the elastic moduli variations within the subsurface — variations that, themselves, can reveal changes in rock porosity or fracture density.
Reviews
Authors: Green William
Published: July 2022

Blizzards and Broken Grousers: A Year of Antarctic Glaciology, by Les R. Denham, ISBN 978-1-560-80377-5, 2020, SEG, 348 p. Foundations of Modern Global Seismology, second edition, by Charles Ammon, Aaron Velasco, Thorne Lay, and Terry Wallace, ISBN 978-0-128-15679-7, 2020, Academic Press, 604 p.
Student Zone: A look back at 20 years of the SEG student chapter at Kyiv University
Authors: Gryshchuk Pavlo , Burianyk Michael
Published: July 2022

February 2022 marked the 20th anniversary of the first SEG student chapter in Ukraine. With advice and encouragement from SEG member Michael Burianyk, students created the Kyiv University Geophysical Society on 2 February 2002. In 2003, the chapter received a grant through the PCs for Student Chapters program. It later received book grants from the Fred and Kathi Hilterman Book program, gained access to Geophysics and The Leading Edge (TLE), and was named the SEG Best Student Chapter.
Seismic Soundoff: How to get the most from any seismic investment
Authors: Geary Andrew
Published: July 2022

This episode features Peter Rowbotham discussing his paper, “Investment in North Sea seismic leading to new opportunities,” from the April 2022 issue of The Leading Edge. Rowbotham makes a case for why it is wise to invest in seismic data. He also shares why the beginning of a project is the most important and the context in which seismic projects deliver the most value. Hear the full episode at https://seg.org/podcast/post/14767 .
Non-oncologic incidental uptake on FAPI PET/CT imaging
Authors: Hotta Masatoshi , Rieger Angela C , Jafarvand Mahbod G , Menon Nandakumar , Farolfi Andrea , Benz Matthias R , Calais Jeremie
Published: July 2022

Fibroblast-activation protein (FAP) is a serine protease classified in the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) family. FAP is predominantly expressed in activated fibroblasts such as the cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). FAP expression in CAFs is associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in solid cancers. Recently, radiolabeled FAP inhibitors (FAPI) has been developed, which enables positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of FAP. FAPI PET/CT can provide a higher tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) than 18F-fludeoxyglucose PET/CT in various cancers, and thus has attracted substantial attention. As studies on FAPI PET grow in number and size, incidental findings related to non-oncologic conditions have been increasingly reported. FAPI PET uptake has been reported in various conditions such as benign tumors, fibrotic, granulomatosis, scarring/wound, degenerative diseases, and inflammatory diseases.

The knowledge of physiological and non-oncologic causes of FAPI uptake is indispensable for accurate FAPI PET/CT interpretation and can help appropriate management of incidental findings on FAPI PET/CT in patients referred for cancer staging indications. In this review article, we describe for each organ system (Brain, Oral mucosa, Salivary Glands, Thyroid, Lung, Myocardium, Breast, Esophagus, Stomach, Intestine, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Spleen, Kidney, , Uterus, Bone marrow, Joints, Muscle, Vessels, Lymph nodes), the patterns of physiological FAPI uptake and the main causes of non-oncological uptake reported from the literature with FAPI-02, FAPI-04 and FAPI-46. We also illustrate some examples from our institutional database at UCLA.
Good governance in football organisations from an ethical perspective and a proposal for the greek football's reformation
Authors: Πουλιόπουλος Θεόφιλος
Published: July 2022

Η κοινωνική, πολιτιστική και ηθική σημασία του αθλητισμού καθιστά τους αθλητικούς οργανισμούς υπόλογους για την δραστηριότητα και τον αντίκτυπο τους, όχι μόνο στον αθλητικό κόσμο αλλά και στην ευρύτερη κοινωνία. Για τον λόγο αυτό, η ηθική αποτελεί ένα βασικό στοιχείο και η έρευνα δεν έχει αναδείξει επαρκώς ως τώρα την αξία της ηθικής στην καλή διακυβέρνηση των αθλητικών οργανισμών. Η συγκεκριμένη εργασία ερεύνησε και αξιολόγησε ποδοσφαιρικούς οργανισμούς από την σκοπιά της ηθικής. Για τον σκοπό της έρευνας υιοθετήθηκε η μέθοδος της μελέτης περίπτωσης και συγκεκριμένα ερευνήθηκαν η FIFA, η UEFA και η Ελληνική Ποδοσφαιρική Ομοσπονδία, μαζί με το ευρύτερο ελληνικό ποδοσφαιρικό σύστημα. Για την ανάλυση χρησιμοποιήθηκε σαν μεθοδολογία η Θεσμική Θεωρία (Institutional Theory) με σκοπό να ερευνηθεί το θεσμικό πλαίσιο των οργανισμών. Επιπρόσθετα, το φιλοσοφικό σχήμα «αρετή-αγαθά-πρακτική-θεσμός» του MacIntyre μας βοήθησε να αξιολογήσουμε την ηθική ταυτότητα των οργανισμών. Αναλύοντας την σύγχρονη ιστορία των οργανισμών, ταυτοποιήσαμε τον ρόλο του θεσμικού πλαισίου, των προσώπων-κλειδιά και της ηθικής. Η ανάλυση μας κατέδειξε την «κουλτούρα της διαφθοράς» που επικράτησε στην FIFA, παρά τη μεγάλη ανάπτυξη του οργανισμού. Από την άλλη, η UEFA αναπτύχθηκε σε ένα πιο αυστηρό θεσμικό πλαίσιο με αποτέλεσμα να μην έχει εκτεταμένη διαφθορά, ενώ οι βασικοί της παράγοντες αποδείχτηκαν λιγότερο επιρρεπείς στη διαφθορά. Το ελληνικό ποδόσφαιρο μπορεί επίσης να χαρακτηριστεί ως βαθιά διεφθαρμένο, μιας και οι μεγάλες ομάδες κυριαρχούν με σκοπό να εξυπηρετήσουν τα δικά τους συμφέροντα. Η συγκεκριμένη έρευνα κατέδειξε ότι η Θεσμική θεωρία και ένα φιλοσοφικό σχήμα σαν αυτό του MacIntyre μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν στην αξιολόγηση της διακυβέρνησης των ποδοσφαιρικών οργανισμών από την σκοπιά της ηθικής. Τέλος, μια πρόταση για την αναμόρφωση του ελληνικού ποδοσφαίρου περιλαμβάνει κάποιες βασικές θεσμικές αλλαγές και επίσης την υλοποίηση ενός πανεθνικού σχεδίου όπου οι αρχές της καλής διακυβέρνησης και της ηθικής θα διαχυθούν στις τοπικές ποδοσφαιρικές ενώσεις, που αποτελούν το θεμελιώδες κύτταρο του ελληνικού ποδοσφαίρου.
FEATURES OF THE INTERACTION OF BONE TISSUES AND SCREW DENTAL IMPLANTS MADE OF TITANIUM NICKELIDE WITH PERMEABLE POROSITY IN COMBINATION WITH FINE-PROFILE MESH TITANIUM NICKELIDE
Authors: Radkevich Andrey A. , Stynke Georgiy M. , Sinyuk Ilya V. , Chizhov Yury V. , Mamedov Rasim H. , Varlamov Pyotr G.
Published: July 2022

Goal. To study the patterns of interaction between the bone structures of the recipient zones and screw dental implants made of titanium nickelide having through permeable porosity in combination with fine-profile mesh titanium nickelide.

Materials and methods. Experimental studies were performed on 15 mongrel rabbits of both sexes aged 1-1.5 years. Cylindrical porous screw nickel-titanium implants were installed in the thickness of the mandibular bone in combination with knitted thin-profile superelastic mesh titanium nickelide. To study the features of reparative osteogenesis, the material was collected 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days after the implants were installed.

Results. The conducted studies have shown that in the implantation zone the regenerate was a spongy and compact bone tissue in accordance with the localization, closer or further from the compact layer of the recipient bone.

Conclusion. Due to the biocompatibility of titanium nickelide-based alloys with biological tissues, bone tissue from the recipient regions grows into the system of the porous part of the implantable structures and into the thickness of the mesh structure of thin-profile knitted titanium nickelide with the formation of a single bone organotypic regenerate between them.
QSAR MODELING OF ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF 1,2,4-TRIAZOLE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Osipov Alexander L. , Trushina Veronika P.
Published: July 2022

Purpose. Development of QSAR models and investigation of their effectiveness for predicting antifungal activity of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives.

Materials and methods. Experimental data on the antifungal activity of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives were used for scientific research. The obtained data were processed using QSAR modeling methods using molecular descriptors automatically generated from structural formulas.

Results. New QSAR models for predicting antifungal activity based on six physico-chemical parameters of chemicals are presented. A comparative analysis of QSAR models was carried out. A model has been identified that has the best statistical parameters: MAE=0.088; MAPE=8.63; forecast accuracy=91.37%; MSE=0.013; RMSE=0.1145. Among the six factors, the most significant ones were identified.

Conclusion. As a result of the conducted studies, QSAR models for predicting the antifungal activity of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives were identified and analyzed. From one to six molecular descriptors were taken as features in the models. The factors that make the greatest contribution to the prediction of antifungal activity were evaluated. The best models are selected based on the calculated statistical parameters.
TREATMENT OF UNDESIRABLE CONSEQUENCES AFTER AESTHETIC BLEPHAROPLASTY
Authors: Pakhomova Regina A. , Kochetova Tatyana F. , Kalashnikova Natalia G. , Tokmakova Victoria O.
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the work is to improve the results of postoperative complications of the lower eyelid after blepharoplasty.

Materials and methods. A retrospective study of 14 patients in the postoperative period after blepharoplasty was conducted. All patients had a diagnosis: Age-related changes in the skin of the upper and lower eyelids (ptosis of the skin of the eyelids) before surgery and after surgery, patients had complications with the diagnosis: Dislocation of the lower eyelid, in the postoperative period. In the early postoperative period (up to 6 months), all patients with complications underwent non-surgical correction. Patients were divided into two groups: 1 group - traditional conservative therapy was used, including massage and administration of a glucocorticosteroid solution, 2 group - author's treatment scheme using an erbium laser (Er: YAG, 20940 nm).

Results. A retrospective study was conducted and it was proved that the author's scheme using an erbium laser (Er: YAG, 20940 nm) gives positive treatment results. Errors in the diagnosis and planning of the volume of surgery, surgical errors, in our opinion, are the main causes of formidable complications that affect the function of the vision organ. Despite the fact that aesthetic blepharoplasty by many surgeons is considered as the simplest surgical intervention and mastered by novice surgeons in the first place, one should not forget about "pitfalls" and possible dramatic consequences, which are caused by neglect of the nuances and precision of surgical equipment, as well as errors in the diagnosis and planning of the volume of surgery.

Conclusion. Aesthetic blepharoplasty is an operation that requires the individual approach of highly qualified specialists. To avoid the development of complications, not only the degree of atrophy of the skin of the eyelids, but also the peculiarities of the structure of the eyelids and the periorbital region should be taken into account.
Efficient Resource Allocation Contracts to Reduce Adverse Events
Authors: Liang Yong , Sun Peng , Tang Runyu , Zhang Chong
Published: July 2022

On online platforms, goods, services, and content providers, also known as agents, introduce adverse events. The frequency of these events depends on each agent’s effort level. In “Efficient Resource Allocation Contracts to Reduce Adverse Events,” Liang, Sun, Tang, and Zhang study continuous-time dynamic contracts that utilize resource allocation and monetary transfers to induce agents to exert effort and reduce the arrival rate of adverse events. They devise an iterative algorithm that characterizes and calculates such contracts and specify the profit-maximizing contract for the platform, also known as the principal. In contrast to the single-agent case, in which efficiency is not achievable, they show that efficient and incentive-compatible contracts, which allocate all resources and induce agents to exert constant effort, generally exist with two or more agents. Additionally, they also provide efficient and incentive-compatible dynamic contracts that can be expressed in closed form and are therefore easy to understand and implement in practice.
Service Network Design for Same-Day Delivery with Hub Capacity Constraints
Authors: Wu Haotian , Herszterg Ian , Savelsbergh Martin , Huang Yixiao
Published: July 2022

We study a new service network design problem for an urban same-day delivery system in which the number of vehicles that can simultaneously load or unload at a hub is limited. Due to the presence of both time constraints for the commodities and capacity constraints at the hubs, it is no longer guaranteed that a feasible solution exists. The problem can be modeled on a time-expanded network and formulated as an integer program. To be able to solve real-world instances, we design and implement three heuristics: (1) an integer programming–based heuristic, (2) a metaheuristic, and (3) a hybrid matheuristic. An extensive computational study using real-world instances (with different geographies, market sizes, and service offerings) from one of China’s leading comprehensive express logistics service providers demonstrates the efficacy of the three heuristics.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022.1155 .
Public Transport-Based Crowd-Shipping with Backup Transfers
Authors: Kızıl Kerim U. , Yıldız Barış
Published: July 2022

With the rising urbanization and booming e-commerce, traditional last-mile delivery systems fail to satisfy the need for faster, cheaper, and more environmentally friendly deliveries. Several new approaches are put forward as an alternative to classical delivery systems in this regard, yet none of them offers the same level of flexibility, capacity, reliability, and managerial control by itself. This paper proposes a new last-mile delivery model that combines several new approaches and technologies to address this issue. More precisely, we suggest using public transit as a backbone network completed by automated service points, crowd-shipping, and backup transfers with zero-emission vehicles to provide a low-cost and environmentally friendly express delivery service. The design problem for the envisioned system is formulated as a two-stage stochastic program, and a branch-and-price (BP) algorithm is devised to solve it. Taking advantage of the nearly decomposable structure that would emerge in possible real-world applications, our study presents the first example of using decomposition branching in a BP framework to enhance computational efficiency. Extensive computational studies and simulations with real-world data reveal valuable managerial insights for the proposed system and attest to the efficacy of the suggested methodology.

Funding: This work was supported by Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştirma Kurumu [Grant 218M605] and Bilim Akademisi.

Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022.1157 .
Gestação e Desenvolvimento Inicial de Gêmeos: Um Estudo a partir de Relatos Maternos
Authors: Machado Gabriela Marcolino Alves , Nunes Laísy De Lima , Aquino Fabiola De Sousa Braz
Published: July 2022

As interações sociais iniciais são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento infantil, sendo essencial o papel dos adultos na promoção de práticas que o favoreçam. Tais práticas podem ser influenciadas por aspectos contextuais e pelas emoções, concepções e expectativas parentais sobre seus filhos. No presente estudo, foi considerada a configuração familiar caracterizada pela presença de bebês gêmeos. O objetivo foi conhecer as emoções das mães acerca da gravidez gemelar e analisar as suas concepções e expectativas sobre o desenvolvimento dos gêmeos nos primeiros 24 meses de vida. Participaram deste estudo nove mães de bebês gemelares, que responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e a uma entrevista semiestruturada. Os resultados revelaram sentimentos maternos ambivalentes relativos à experiência com a gemelaridade desde a gestação; concepções sobre desenvolvimento infantil, fatores que podem influenciá-lo e diferenças entre os gêmeos; e expectativas sobre o desenvolvimento dos bebês. Conclui-se que uma maior compreensão sobre aspectos relacionados à maternidade de gemelares pode auxiliar na criação de redes de apoio socioemocional aos cuidadores e de contextos que favoreçam as interações estabelecidas entre a tríade mãe-bebês.
Sublingual apomorphine therapy as an alternative to complex continuous infusion pumps in advanced Parkinson's disease treatment: a district nurse-led intervention
Authors: Macaulay Karis
Published: July 2022

In the UK, Parkinson's disease (PD) is estimated to affect an annual incidence of 15–20 per 100 000 of the population over the age of 60. Service users living with advanced-stage PD require the use of apomorphine, which is generally used to control symptoms. The district nursing service plays a key role in monitoring and in the administration of apomorphine therapy. Although apomorphine is effective, skin problems such as nodules are commonly reported adverse events that can complicate efficiency of treatment. A sublingual delivery route to apomorphine has been known for years as a feasible alternative to subcutaneous route. Collaboration between the multidisciplinary team is essential to meet the complex needs of service users with advanced PD. However, due to the increase in demands of the district nurse service, this time crucial intervention can be unpredictable to meet. An alternative route can enable district nurses to become less task-orientated. However, an increased risk of oral cavity related adverse events should be taken into consideration with the sublingual administration of apomorphine.
Clinical networks
Authors: Thomas Sue
Published: July 2022

For many years, the concept of managed clinical networks has been well established throughout the NHS. However, recent reforms are set to give these networks more prominence and structure. Sue Thomas discusses the importance of these clinical networks, especially for neurology, and how they are vital to instill transformational change.
Neurodiversity and Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Dillon Maria , D'Souza Edwina , Edwards Ian
Published: July 2022

‘Neurodiversity’ is a term used to describe people with neurological variation; this includes people with autism, dyspraxia, dyslexia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Studies have shown an increased prevalence of malocclusion and dental trauma in people with these conditions. Unfortunately, a lack of understanding around such neurological differences can create barriers when accessing orthodontic care. The aim of this article is to raise awareness around the subject and to suggest reasonable adjustments to practice which may subsequently be used by the orthodontic team to improve the patient experience.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Recognition of neurodiversity and the need to make reasonable adjustments to orthodontic care may aid compliance and improve outcomes in this group of patients.
Pelvic tilt from supine to standing in patients with symptomatic acetabular retroversion of the hip
Authors: Jenkinson Mark R. J. , Peeters Wouter , Hutt Jonathan R. B. , Witt Johan D.
Published: July 2022

Aims

Acetabular retroversion is a recognized cause of hip impingement and can be influenced by pelvic tilt (PT), which changes in different functional positions. Positional changes in PT have not previously been studied in patients with acetabular retroversion.

Methods

Supine and standing anteroposterior (AP) pelvic radiographs were retrospectively analyzed in 69 patients treated for symptomatic acetabular retroversion. Measurements were made for acetabular index (AI), lateral centre-edge angle (LCEA), crossover index, ischial spine sign, and posterior wall sign. The change in the angle of PT was measured both by the sacro-femoral-pubic (SFP) angle and the pubic symphysis to sacroiliac (PS-SI) index.

Results

In the supine position, the mean PT (by SFP) was 1.05° (SD 3.77°), which changed on standing to a PT of 8.64° (SD 5.34°). A significant increase in posterior PT from supine to standing of 7.59° (SD 4.5°; SFP angle) and 5.89° (SD 3.33°; PS-SI index) was calculated (p < 0.001). There was a good correlation in PT change between measurements using SFP angle and PS-SI index (0.901 in the preoperative group and 0.815 in the postoperative group). Signs of retroversion were significantly reduced in standing radiographs compared to supine: crossover index (0.16 (SD 0.16) vs 0.38 (SD 0.15); p < 0.001), crossover sign (19/28 hips vs 28/28 hips; p < 0.001), ischial spine sign (10/28 hips vs 26/28 hips; p < 0.001), and posterior wall sign (12/28 hips vs 24/28 hips; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Posterior PT increased from supine to standing in patients with symptomatic acetabular retroversion. The features of acetabular retroversion were less evident on standing radiographs. The low PT angle in the supine position is a factor in the increased appearance of acetabular retroversion. Patients presenting with symptoms of hip impingement should be assessed by supine and standing pelvic radiographs to highlight signs of acetabular retroversion, and to assist with optimizing acetabular correction at the time of surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(7):786–791.
Hip dysplasia in adolescence: osteotomy in childhood improves the results of periacetabular osteotomy in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Kołodziejczyk Kamil , Czubak-Wrzosek Maria , Kwiatkowska Magdalena , Czubak Jaroslaw
Published: July 2022

Aims

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) describes a pathological relationship between the femoral head and acetabulum. Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) may be used to treat this condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of PAO in adolescents and adults with persistent DDH.

Methods

Patients were divided into four groups: A, adolescents who had not undergone surgery for DDH in childhood (25 hips); B, adolescents who had undergone surgery for DDH in childhood (20 hips); C, adults with DDH who had not undergone previous surgery (80 hips); and D, a control group of patients with healthy hips (70 hips). The radiological evaluation of digital anteroposterior views of hips included the Wiberg angle (centre-edge angle (CEA)), femoral head cover (FHC), medialization, distalization, and the ilioischial angle. Clinical assessment involved the Harris Hip Score (HHS) and gluteal muscle performance assessment.

Results

Significant improvements in radiological parameters were achieved in all measurements in all groups (p < 0.05). The greatest improvement was in CEA (mean of 19° (17.2° to 22.3°) in Group B), medialization (mean of 3 mm (0.9 to 5.2) in Group C), distalization (mean of 6 mm (3.5 to 8.2) in Group B), FHC (mean of 17% (12.7% to 21.2%) in Group B), and ilioischial angle (mean of 5° (2.3° to 8.1°) in Group B). There were significant improvements in the mean HHS and gluteal muscle performance scores postoperatively in all three groups.

Conclusion

The greatest correction of radiological parameters and clinical outcomes was found in patients who had undergone hip surgery in childhood. Although the surgical treatment of DDH in childhood makes subsequent hip surgery more difficult due to scarring, adhesions, and altered anatomy, it requires less correction of the deformity and has a beneficial effect on the outcome of PAO in adolescence and early adulthood. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(7):775–780.
Accumulation of advanced oxidation protein products contributes to age-related impairment of gap junction intercellular communication in osteocytes of male mice
Authors: Tu Chen , Lai Siqi , Huang Zhiwei , Cai Guixing , Zhao Kai , Gao Jiawen , Wu Zhiyong , Zhong Zhaoming
Published: July 2022

Aims

Gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) in osteocytes is impaired by oxidative stress, which is associated with age-related bone loss. Ageing is accompanied by the accumulation of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs). However, it is still unknown whether AOPP accumulation is involved in the impairment of osteocytes’ GJIC. This study aims to investigate the effect of AOPP accumulation on osteocytes’ GJIC in aged male mice and its mechanism.

Methods

Changes in AOPP levels, expression of connexin43 (Cx43), osteocyte network, and bone mass were detected in 18-month-old and three-month-old male mice. Cx43 expression, GJIC function, mitochondria membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation were detected in murine osteocyte-like cells (MLOY4 cells) treated with AOPPs. The Cx43 expression, osteocyte network, bone mass, and mechanical properties were detected in three-month-old mice treated with AOPPs for 12 weeks.

Results

The AOPP levels were increased in aged mice and correlated with degeneration of osteocyte network, loss of bone mass, and decreased Cx43 expression. AOPP intervention induced NADPH oxidase activation and mitochondrial dysfunction, triggered ROS generation, reduced Cx43 expression, and ultimately impaired osteocytes’ GJIC, which were ameliorated by NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin, mitochondria-targeted superoxide dismutase mimetic (mito-TEMPO), and ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine. Chronic AOPP loading accelerated the degradation of osteocyte networks and decreased Cx43 expression, resulting in deterioration of bone mass and mechanical properties in vivo.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that AOPP accumulation contributes to age-related impairment of GJIC in osteocytes of male mice, which may be part of the pathogenic mechanism responsible for bone loss during ageing. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(7):413–425.
Surgical challenges, novel techniques, and systemic treatment of giant cell tumour of bone of the distal radius
Authors: van der Heijden Lizz , Bindt Sjaan , Scorianz Maurizio , Ng Colin , Gibbons Max C. L. H. , van de Sande Michiel A. J. , Campanacci Domenico A.
Published: July 2022

Aims

Giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) treatment changed since the introduction of denosumab from purely surgical towards a multidisciplinary approach, with recent concerns of higher recurrence rates after denosumab. We evaluated oncological, surgical, and functional outcomes for distal radius GCTB, with a critically appraised systematic literature review.

Methods

We included 76 patients with distal radius GCTB in three sarcoma centres (1990 to 2019). Median follow-up was 8.8 years (2 to 23). Seven patients underwent curettage, 38 curettage with adjuvants, and 31 resection; 20 had denosumab.

Results

Recurrence rate was 71% (5/7) after curettage, 32% (12/38) after curettage with adjuvants, and 6% (2/31) after resection. Median time to recurrence was 17 months (4 to 77). Recurrences were treated with curettage with adjuvants (11), resection (six), or curettage (two). Overall, 84% (38/45) was cured after one to thee intralesional procedures. Seven patients had 12 months neoadjuvant denosumab (5 to 15) and sixmonths adjuvant denosumab; two recurred (29%). Twelve patients had six months neoadjuvant denosumab (4 to 10); five recurred (42%). Two had pulmonary metastases (2.6%), both stable after denosumab. Complication rate was 18% (14/76, with 11 requiring surgery). At follow-up, median MusculoSkeletal Tumour Society score was 28 (18 to 30), median Short Form-36 Health Survey was 86 (41 to 95), and median Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand was 7.8 (0 to 58).

Conclusion

Distal radius GCTB treatment might deviate from general GCTB treatment because of complexity of wrist anatomy and function. Novel insights on surgical treatment are presented in this multicentre study and systematic review. Intralesional surgery resulted in high recurrence-rate for distal radius GCTB, also with additional denosumab. The large majority of patients however, were cured after repeated curettage. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(7):515–528.
La repetición de curso en educación secundaria y su relación con variables motivacionales
Authors: Rodríguez Rodríguez Daniel , Batista Espinosa Francisco Javier
Published: July 2022

INTRODUCCIÓN. La repetición de curso es una medida educativa que, a pesar de sus controvertidos efectos según la literatura científica, se sigue aplicando en España en un porcentaje muy superior al de otros países de nuestro entorno. Por ello, es necesario determinar si esta acción es beneficiosa para el alumnado, y qué relación guarda con otras variables tan importantes para el aprendizaje como el autoconcepto académico y las orientaciones a meta. Así, los objetivos de este estudio son: comprobar la existencia de diferencias en el rendimiento académico entre el alumnado repetidor y no repetidor; describir las diferencias en orientaciones a meta y autoconcepto académico entre el alumnado y analizar la influencia de las orientaciones a meta y el autoconcepto académico en el alumnado repetidor. MÉTODO. En la investigación participan 1163 estudiantes (596 chicos y 567 chicas) de educación secundaria de las Islas Canarias, con edades entre los 12 y los 18 años (M = 14.31; DT = 1.36). Del total de la muestra, 384 alumnos (245 chicos y 139 chicas) repiten curso. Se emplean la Escala Multidimensional de Autoconcepto AF5, la Escala de Orientación a Meta y las calificaciones de la evaluación final de todas las asignaturas cursadas. Se procede con análisis estadísticos de comparación de medias y regresiones. RESULTADOS. Los resultados indican que el alumnado repetidor tiene peores puntuaciones en rendimiento académico, autoconcepto académico, orientación de aproximación al aprendizaje y de aproximación al logro que el alumnado no repetidor. Además, en ambos grupos es el autoconcepto académico el factor que explica una mayor variabilidad del rendimiento, pero en el alumnado repetidor, de las orientaciones a meta solo intervienen las de aproximación al aprendizaje, mientras que en el alumnado no repetidor también intervienen las de aproximación al logro. DISCUSIÓN. Finalmente, se discuten los resultados y proponen las implicaciones educativas asociadas.