bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interlinking networking capabilities, knowledge worker productivity, and digital innovation: a critical nexus for sustainable performance in small and medium enterprises
Authors: Tariq Adeel , Sumbal Muhammad Saleem Ullah Khan , Dabic Marina , Raziq Muhammad Mustafa , Torkkeli Marko
Published: April 2024

Purpose

As sustainable performance has a central role in the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) performance literature, this study aims to examine the influence of networking capabilities in enhancing sustainable performance through knowledge workers’ productivity and digital innovation. It also examines the sequential mediating role of knowledge workers’ productivity and digital innovation on networking capabilities and SMEs’ sustainable performance relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 308 knowledge workers in the information technology sector and analyzed using the Hayes Process Macro bootstrapping method to test the proposed hypotheses.

Findings

Results indicate that knowledge workers’ productivity and digital innovation individually and sequentially mediate the relationship between networking capabilities and SME’s sustainable (economic and environmental) performance, surprisingly, they do not act as a mediator between networking capability and SME’s social performance. SMEs should prioritize investments in the professional development of their knowledge workers through training and skill enhancement programs. This investment equips knowledge workers with the tools to effectively use the knowledge and resources acquired through networking. Thus, knowledge workers may improve performance by using these resources to tackle challenges.

Research limitations/implications

Although this research focused on this specific context, it is prudent to acknowledge that additional factors may also exert influence on sustainable performance within SMEs, factors that managers may consider when making decisions. Methodologically, the cross-sectional design of this research poses a potential limitation, as it does not allow for the complete elimination of endogeneity concerns. However, it is worth noting that scholars have endorsed the use of cross-sectional data in cases where management researchers aim to expand beyond well-documented and longitudinal data sets.

Practical implications

This research offers practical recommendations for SMEs to improve their sustainable performance through networking. SMEs should seek partnerships with complementary knowledge to improve operations and for other performance-oriented benefits.

Originality/value

This study adds significantly to the literature on sustainable SME performance by studying the interdependent effects of networking capabilities. It also represents the individual and sequential mediation mechanism that links networking capabilities to SME success through knowledge worker productivity and digital innovation.
Procurement of good governance as a strategic tool for achieving value for money in public construction projects
Authors: Mwakolo Atupakisye , Siwandeti Meshack , Mahuwi Leticia , Israel Baraka
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The study aims to explore the role of procurement of good governance (PGG) on value for money (VfM) achievement in public construction projects. By investigating various dimensions of PGG, including transparency, accountability, competition and integrity, this study provides insights into how these factors contribute to the successful achievement of VfM outcomes in public construction projects.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were sourced from 203 construction project practitioners from 24 selected procuring entities in Tanzania using a census approach and a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) were used for data analysis.

Findings

The findings of the study revealed a positive and significant impact of various dimensions of PGG on VfM. Specifically, transparency, accountability, competition and integrity were positively and significantly related to VfM, with p-values <0.001. Based on the study findings, we conclude that PGG is an important predictor of VfM achievement in public construction projects.

Practical implications

The study offers policy implications for streamlined PGG and VfM achievement in public construction projects. It is suggested that procuring entities can enhance VfM by enforcing compliance with the principles of PGG throughout the entirety of construction projects. In this case, streamlined legislative frameworks and control mechanisms are crucial components that could enhance PGG and the achievement of VfM.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the academic literature on the strategic role of PGG in enhancing VfM achievement. This is one of the research domains, which has not been adequately researched, particularly in Tanzania’s context. In addition, the study provides valuable insights to policymakers, practitioners and stakeholders involved in public construction projects to improve project outcomes and resource allocation.
The meta-commerce paradox: exploring consumer non-adoption intentions
Authors: Al-Adwan Ahmad Samed
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The primary objective of this study is to explore consumers' non-adoption intentions towards meta-commerce (or metaverse retailing). Utilizing the Innovation Resistance Theory (IRT) as the theoretical foundation, this study investigates the impact of diverse barriers on non-adoption intentions within the meta-commerce context.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 356 responses were gathered to test the proposed hypotheses. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with SmartPLS 4 software was used to examine these hypotheses.

Findings

The findings of this study show that perceived cyber risk, perceived regulatory uncertainty, perceived switching cost and perceived technical uncertainty are significantly linked to non-adoption intention towards meta-commerce. Furthermore, the study suggests that the moderating influence of technostress on these connections is more pronounced for consumers with high technostress compared to those with low technostress.

Originality/value

This study makes a significant contribution to the current body of literature by providing valuable insights into the fundamental barriers that consumers encounter when contemplating the adoption of meta-commerce. This contribution is particularly noteworthy as it fills a gap in the existing literature, as no prior study has comprehensively examined the primary obstacles that shape consumer intentions towards meta-commerce adoption. This novel perspective offers scholars, businesses and policymakers a foundation for developing strategies to address these barriers effectively.
Recreational vessel networks reveal potential hot spots for marine pest introduction and spread
Authors: Hilliam Kyle , Treml Eric A. , Stevenson Simone , Floerl Oliver
Published: April 2024

Recreational vessels are an important pathway for spreading marine non‐indigenous species (NIS) around coastal environments globally. However, most vessels are not tracked, limiting our ability to map their movements and identify locations at greater risk of NIS introductions.

Using New Zealand as a case study, we quantified spread and risk patterns of recreational vessel movements, using a web‐based survey allowing the more than 1,800 respondents to map significant trips with over 12,000 visits. These vessel routes were used to build a network model representing nationwide recreational vessel movements. Two proxies were used to quantify the risk of introduction of marine NIS: (i) incoming hull length and (ii) cumulative residency periods at sites.

There was significant variation in the distances travelled, the destinations they visited and the duration of their stays. New Zealand's recreational boating network contained 317 destinations with over 4,000 unique connections, concentrated within two distinct areas of the country. Network‐based metrics and risk proxies quantified the relative importance of domestic locations as incursion or spreading hubs for NIS. This approach highlighted several areas that pose high relative biosecurity risk within the national network, but are underrepresented within current surveillance programmes.

Synthesis and applications. Our study demonstrates how the movement dynamics of recreational vessels can be quantified at a regional scale to inform proactive management. The identification of spreading hubs and locations at particular risk of NIS introductions, enables managers to design risk‐based and effective surveillance and monitoring programmes. Our network‐based approach to determine the biosecurity implications posed by recreational vessels is transferable to other parts of the world. It enables managers to understand the distribution of risk within an area of interest (e.g. a jurisdiction) and develop optimised approaches for mitigating impact.
Loganin exerts neuroprotective effect by inhibiting neuronal pyroptosis in rat with cerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhao Min , Li Jing , Liu Yue
Published: April 2024

Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) presents significant challenges in clinical management because of the high morbidity and mortality, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches. This study aimed to assess the neuroprotective effects of loganin in a rat ICH model. Sprague–Dawley rats were used, subjected to a collagenase‐induced ICH model, followed by loganin treatment at doses of 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg. Neurological functions were evaluated using the modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and a rotarod test. Results indicated a significant improvement in neurological functions in loganin‐treated groups, evident from the mNSS and rotarod tests, suggesting dose‐dependent neuroprotection. Loganin also effectively reduced the blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability and cerebral oedema. Additionally, it mitigated cellular pyroptosis, as shown by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labelling staining and western blot analysis, which indicated reduced levels of pyroptosis markers in treated rats. Furthermore, loganin's regulatory effects on the adenosine A2A receptor and myosin light chain kinase pathways were observed, potentially underpinning its protective mechanism against ICH. The study concludes that loganin exhibits significant neuroprotective properties in a rat ICH model, highlighting its potential as a novel therapeutic strategy. Despite promising results, the study needs further research to determine loganin's therapeutic potential in human ICH patients. This research paves the way for further exploration into loganin's clinical applications, potentially revolutionizing treatment strategies for patients suffering from intracerebral haemorrhage.
Review of osmotic dehydration: Promising technologies for enhancing products’ attributes, opportunities, and challenges for the food industries
Authors: Asghari Ali , Zongo P. Assana , Osse Emmanuel Freddy , Aghajanzadeh Sara , Raghavan Vijaya , Khalloufi Seddik
Published: April 2024

Osmotic dehydration (OD) is an efficient preservation technology in that water is removed by immersing the food in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes. The application of OD in food processing offers more benefits than conventional drying technologies. Notably, OD can effectively remove a significant amount of water without a phase change, which reduces the energy demand associated with latent heat and high temperatures. A specific feature of OD is its ability to introduce solutes from the hypertonic solution into the food matrix, thereby influencing the attributes of the final product. This review comprehensively discusses the fundamental principles governing OD, emphasizing the role of chemical potential differences as the driving force behind the molecular diffusion occurring between the food and the osmotic solution. The kinetics of OD are described using mathematical models and the Biot number. The critical factors essential for optimizing OD efficiency are discussed, including product characteristics, osmotic solution properties, and process conditions. In addition, several promising technologies are introduced to enhance OD performance, such as coating, skin treatments, freeze‐thawing, ultrasound, high hydrostatic pressure, centrifugation, and pulsed electric field. Reusing osmotic solutions to produce innovative products offers an opportunity to reduce food wastes. This review explores the prospects of valorizing food wastes from various food industries when formulating osmotic solutions for enhancing the quality and nutritional value of osmotically dehydrated foods while mitigating environmental impacts.
A‐type proanthocyanidins: Sources, structure, bioactivity, processing, nutrition, and potential applications
Authors: Zeng Yu , Zhao Lei , Wang Kai , Renard Catherine M. G. C. , Le Bourvellec Carine , Hu Zhuoyan , Liu Xuwei
Published: April 2024

A‐type proanthocyanidins (PAs) are a subgroup of PAs that differ from B‐type PAs by the presence of an ether bond between two consecutive constitutive units. This additional C–O–C bond gives them a more stable and hydrophobic character. They are of increasing interest due to their potential multiple nutritional effects with low toxicity in food processing and supplement development. They have been identified in several plants. However, the role of A‐type PAs, especially their complex polymeric form (degree of polymerization and linkage), has not been specifically discussed and explored. Therefore, recent advances in the physicochemical and structural changes of A‐type PAs and their functional properties during extraction, processing, and storing are evaluated. In addition, discussions on the sources, structures, bioactivities, potential applications in the food industry, and future research trends of their derivatives are highlighted. Litchis, cranberries, avocados, and persimmons are all favorable plant sources. Α‐type PAs contribute directly or indirectly to human nutrition via the regulation of different degrees of polymerization and bonding types. Thermal processing could have a negative impact on the amount and structure of A‐type PAs in the food matrix. More attention should be focused on nonthermal technologies that could better preserve their architecture and structure. The diversity and complexity of these compounds, as well as the difficulty in isolating and purifying natural A‐type PAs, remain obstacles to their further applications. A‐type PAs have received widespread acceptance and attention in the food industry but have not yet achieved their maximum potential for the future of food. Further research and development are therefore needed.
Strong resistance to β‐cyfluthrin in a strain of the beetle Alphitobius diaperinus: a de novo transcriptome analysis
Authors: Gouesbet Gwenola , Renault David , Derocles Stéphane A. P. , Colinet Hervé
Published: April 2024

The lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus, is an invasive tenebrionid beetle and a vector of pathogens. Due to the emergence of insecticide resistance and consequent outbreaks that generate significant phytosanitary and energy costs for poultry farmers, it has become a major insect pest worldwide. To better understand the molecular mechanisms behind this resistance, we studied a strain of A. diaperinus from a poultry house in Brittany that was found to be highly resistant to the β‐cyfluthrin. The strain survived β‐cyfluthrin exposures corresponding to more than 100 times the recommended dose. We used a comparative de novo RNA‐Seq approach to explore genes expression in resistant versus sensitive strains. Our de novo transcriptomic analyses showed that responses to β‐cyfluthrin likely involved a whole set of resistance mechanisms. Genes related to detoxification, metabolic resistance, cuticular hydrocarbon biosynthesis and proteolysis were found to be constitutively overexpressed in the resistant compared to the sensitive strain. Follow‐up enzymatic assays confirmed that the resistant strain exhibited high basal activities for detoxification enzymes such as cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and glutathione‐S‐transferase. The in‐depth analysis of differentially expressed genes suggests the involvement of complex regulation of signaling pathways. Detailed knowledge of these resistance mechanisms is essential for the establishment of effective pest control.
Exploring emotion regulation and coping across cultures: Implications for happiness and loneliness
Authors: Hirano Hiroki , Ishii Keiko
Published: April 2024

Previous studies have documented cultural gaps in levels of well‐being, particularly within the contexts of individualistic and collectivistic nations. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the disparities remain incompletely understood. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to explore how cross‐cultural differences in the use of emotion regulation (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) and coping (problem‐focused and avoidant coping) predict health outcomes, specifically happiness and loneliness. As expected, the results of structural equation modelling demonstrated that American participants were more likely to use reappraisal and problem‐focused coping, both of which were positively associated with happiness but negatively linked to loneliness. In contrast, Japanese participants tended to lean toward suppression and avoidant coping, resulting in lower happiness and greater loneliness. Overall, the present findings affirm the substantial influence of cultural norms and values on regulatory strategies individuals employ in response to daily stressors, which are inextricably tied to human functioning.
Diagnostic yield from symptomatic lower gastrointestinal endoscopy in the UK: A British Society of Gastroenterology analysis using data from the National Endoscopy Database
Authors: Beaton David , Sharp Linda , Lu Liya , Trudgill Nigel , Thoufeeq Mo , Nicholson Brian , Rogers Peter , Docherty James , Jenkins Anna , Morris A. John , Rösch Thomas , Rutter Matthew
Published: April 2024

Background

The value of lower gastrointestinal endoscopy (LGIE; colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy) relates to its ability to detect clinically relevant findings, predominantly cancers, preneoplastic polyps or inflammatory bowel disease. There are concerns that many LGIEs are performed on low‐risk patients with limited benefit.

Aims

To determine the diagnostic outcomes of LGIE for common symptoms.

Methods

We performed a cross‐sectional study of diagnostic LGIE between March 2019 and February 2020 using the UK National Endoscopy Database. We used mixed‐effects logistic regression models, incorporating random (endoscopist) and fixed (symptoms, patient age, and sex) effects upon two dependent variables (large polyp [≥10 mm] and cancer diagnosis). Adjusted positive predictive values (aPPVs) were calculated.

Results

We analysed 384,510 LGIEs; 33.2% were performed on patients aged under 50 and 53.6% on women. Regarding colonoscopies, the unadjusted PPV for cancer was 1.5% (95% CI: 1.4–1.5); higher for men than women (1.9% vs. 1.1%, p < 0.01). The PPV for large polyps was 3.2% (95% CI: 3.1–3.2). The highest colonoscopy cancer aPPVs were in the over 50s (1.9%) and in those with rectal bleeding (2.5%) or anaemia (2.1%). Cancer aPPVs for other symptoms were <1% despite representing 54.3% of activity. In patients under 50, aPPVs were 0.4% for cancer and 1.6% for large polyps. Results were similar for sigmoidoscopy.

Conclusions

Most colonoscopies were performed on patients with low‐risk symptoms, where cancer risk was similar to the general population. Cancer and large polyp yield was highest in elderly patients with rectal bleeding or anaemia, although still fell short of FIT‐based screening yields.
How does Google get its information?: Children's judgements about Google search
Authors: Girouard‐Hallam Lauren N. , Danovitch Judith H.
Published: April 2024

Children frequently use Google to answer their questions, yet what they think about Google's capacity and limitations is unclear. This study explores children's beliefs about Google's capacity to answer questions. American children ages 9 and 10 (n = 44; 18 boys and 26 girls) viewed factual questions directed towards Google or a person. After viewing each question, they reported their confidence in the informant's accuracy, the time it would take the informant to obtain the answer and how the informant would obtain the answer. Finally, they generated questions that the internet would be capable or incapable of answering. Children believed Google would be more accurate and faster than a person at answering questions. Children consistently generated appropriate questions that the internet would be good at answering, but they sometimes struggled to generate questions that the internet would not be good at answering. Implications for children's learning are discussed.
Studying intersectionality using ideological dilemmas: The case of paid domestic labour
Authors: Murray Amy Jo , Durrheim Kevin
Published: April 2024

Intersectionality has gained a great deal of academic purchase within the social sciences but there is still a need for further conceptual and methodological innovation and clarity. As such, this study uses paid domestic labour as a case study to apply Billig et al.'s (Ideological dilemmas: A social psychology of everyday thinking, 1988) notion of ideological dilemmas to explore the common sense that paid domestic workers draw on to position themselves as women and workers. The analysis highlights how participants use (often contradictory) themes of common sense when speaking about their place in the household through dilemmas of servitude, belonging, and intimacy. Speakers draw on gendered ideology, not as a fixed set of ideas, but rather as a mobile discursive resource that can be deployed in situ, allowing them to justify, subvert, and evaluate social positions of domestic womanhood. The study provides both a conceptual window and a robust method for studying nonessentialist intersectionality through ideological dilemmas.
Grievance Politics and Technocracy in a Developmental State: Healthcare Policy Reforms in Singapore
Authors: Naqvi Ijlal , Rossi Federico M. , Tan Rayner Kay Jin
Published: April 2024

This article uses a process‐tracing approach to understand changes in Singapore's health sector from the start of self‐rule in 1959 to the end of the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2022. Singapore is a developmental state recognized for its effective management of healthcare costs and its lack of political freedom. In both respects, the ‘Singapore model’ is of interest to other cities and nations. The standard narrative is one of technocratic proficiency in a context in which civic freedoms are heavily constrained, but this article identifies the surprisingly important role of social voices at key moments. It finds episodes in which effective changes to social policies are not the product of a state embedded in an organized society, but rather are influenced by the independent organizational capacity of certain social groups providing inputs to state elites on social grievances and policy needs. Effective policy changes require a responsive state elite that — even if it is technocratically dominated, as is the case in Singapore — can listen to social claims and provide answers that are not repressive. The article conceptualizes these dynamics as ‘grievance politics’ and shows their role in explaining health reforms. It contributes to understanding global health systems and policy making in developmental states by a fruitful cross‐fertilization with social movement studies.
When Victors Claim Victimhood: Majoritarian Resentment and the Inversion of Reparations Claims
Authors: Sundar Nandini
Published: April 2024

From the mid‐20th century onwards, diverse groups — whether formerly enslaved populations or victims of mass atrocities — have demanded reparations as part of a wider struggle for justice. However, in the current global climate of right‐wing resurgence, both the recognition of victimhood and demands for justice are in danger of being subverted and hijacked. These developments create additional obstacles to addressing genuine reparations demands. This manifests in at least three ways. First, there is a selective application of victimhood status and recognition, often along old fault lines of race or religion. In this way, the oppression of some groups is no longer recognized as a legitimate object of reparations; indeed, their claims to justice are seen as unfair demands against dominant groups. Second, we see the blatant continuation of the very practices that the reparations movement has sought to establish as wrongs. Third, not content with negating existing demands for reparations from below, powerful groups are going a step further and, as part of supremacist projects, asserting their own right to reparations. In doing this, they use the language and moral claims of reparations and decolonization that have emerged through the global reparations movement. This article seeks to illustrate these developments through the examples of India and Israel, including the demand for ‘restoration’ of sacred sites to Hindus and Jews.
Deep learning to assess right ventricular ejection fraction from two‐dimensional echocardiograms in precapillary pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Murayama Michito , Sugimori Hiroyuki , Yoshimura Takaaki , Kaga Sanae , Shima Hideki , Tsuneta Satonori , Mukai Aoi , Nagai Yui , Yokoyama Shinobu , Nishino Hisao , Nakamura Junichi , Sato Takahiro , Tsujino Ichizo
Published: April 2024

Background

Precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by a sustained increase in right ventricular (RV) afterload, impairing systolic function. Two‐dimensional (2D) echocardiography is the most performed cardiac imaging tool to assess RV systolic function; however, an accurate evaluation requires expertise. We aimed to develop a fully automated deep learning (DL)‐based tool to estimate the RV ejection fraction (RVEF) from 2D echocardiographic videos of apical four‐chamber views in patients with precapillary PH.

Methods

We identified 85 patients with suspected precapillary PH who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and echocardiography. The data was divided into training (80%) and testing (20%) datasets, and a regression model was constructed using 3D‐ResNet50. Accuracy was assessed using five‐fold cross validation.

Results

The DL model predicted the cardiac MRI‐derived RVEF with a mean absolute error of 7.67%. The DL model identified severe RV systolic dysfunction (defined as cardiac MRI‐derived RVEF < 37%) with an area under the curve (AUC) of .84, which was comparable to the AUC of RV fractional area change (FAC) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) measured by experienced sonographers (.87 and .72, respectively). To detect mild RV systolic dysfunction (defined as RVEF ≤ 45%), the AUC from the DL‐predicted RVEF also demonstrated a high discriminatory power of .87, comparable to that of FAC (.90), and significantly higher than that of TAPSE (.67).

Conclusion

The fully automated DL‐based tool using 2D echocardiography could accurately estimate RVEF and exhibited a diagnostic performance for RV systolic dysfunction comparable to that of human readers.
Impact of alcohol consumption on metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease development and remission: A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Sogabe Masahiro , Okahisa Toshiya , Kagawa Miwako , Kashihara Takanori , Fujmoto Shota , Kawaguchi Tomoyuki , Yokoyama Reiko , Kagemoto Kaizo , Tanaka Hironori , Kida Yoshifumi , Tomonari Tetsu , Kawano Yutaka , Sato Yasushi , Nakasono Masahiko , Takayama Tetsuji
Published: April 2024

Background

The influence of alcohol intake on metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) development and remission remains unclear; thus, we aimed to investigate their longitudinal associations.

Methods

This observational cohort study included 6349 patients who underwent more than two health check‐ups over >2 years between April 2013 and March 2021. Generalized estimation equations were used to analyse the longitudinal associations between changes in alcohol intake and MAFLD according to repeated measures at baseline and the most recent stage.

Results

The MAFLD development and remission rates were 20.4 and 5.1 and 9.1 and 4.7% in men and women, respectively. Although alcohol consumption was not a significant factor for MAFLD development, consuming 0.1–69.9 g/week (odds ratio [OR]: 0.672, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.469–0.964, p < .05) and ≥280 g/week were significant factors for MAFLD development in males (OR: 1.796, 95% CI: 1.009–3.196, p < .05) and females (OR: 16.74, 95% CI: 3.877–72.24, p < .001). Regardless of quantity and frequency, alcohol consumption was not a significant factor for MAFLD remission. Several noninvasive liver fibrosis scores were significantly associated with alcohol intake quantity and frequency in males with MAFLD development and remission (p < .05). The nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score differed significantly between males with and without reduced alcohol intake (p < .05) who showed MAFLD remission.

Conclusions

Although the influence of alcohol intake on MAFLD development and remission differed, alcohol consumption was not beneficial for MAFLD remission in either sex. Alcohol intake reduction or cessation is recommended to prevent liver fibrosis, even in those who achieve MAFLD remission.
Midregional‐proAdrenomedullin as a prognostic tool in sepsis and septic shock: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Valeriani Emanuele , Falletta Antonio , Pastori Daniele , Porfidia Angelo , Mastroianni Claudio Maria , Di Bari Silvia , Motta Eleonora , Pignatelli Pasquale , Oliva Alessandra
Published: April 2024

Background

Midregional‐proAdrenomedullin (MR‐proADM) has been recently proposed as a tool in patients with sepsis and septic shock. Our aim was to evaluate the prognostic role of MR‐proADM in hospitalized patients with sepsis and septic shock.

Methods

PRISMA guideline was followed. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched up to June 2023. Primary outcome was mean difference in MR‐proADM among survivors and nonsurvivors, secondary outcome mean difference in MR‐proADM according to infection severity and type. Risk of bias was evaluated using Newcastle–Ottawa scale for observational studies and Cochrane tool for randomized trials. Pooled mean differences (MD) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in a random‐effects model.

Results

Twenty‐four studies included 6730 adult patients (1208 nonsurvivors and 5522 survivors) and three studies included 195 paediatric patients (30 nonsurvivors and 165 survivors). A total of 10, 4 and 13 studies included, respectively, patients with sepsis (3602 patients), septic shock (386 patients) and a mixed population (2937 patients). Twenty‐one studies included patients with different source of infection, three with pneumonia and one with a catheter‐related infection. Most studies (n = 12) had a follow‐up of 28 days. In adult cohort, pooled mean difference between nonsurvivors and survivors of MR‐proADM was 2.55 mmol/L (95% CI: 1.95–3.15) with higher values in patients with septic shock (4.25 mmol/L; 95% CI, 2.23–6.26 mmol/L) than in patients with sepsis (1.77 mmol/L; 95% CI: 1.11–2.44 mmol/L). In paediatric cohort, pooled mean difference was 3.11 mmol/L (95% CI: −0.02‐6.24 mmol/L).

Conclusions

Higher values of MR‐proADM are detectable in nonsurvivors adult and paediatric‐hospitalized patients with sepsis or septic shock.
Detection of extra‐pair maternity in a carrion beetle under natural conditions
Authors: Niida Takuma , Yao Izumi , Nisimura Tomoyosi , Suzuki Seizi
Published: April 2024

The provision of care to offspring is a costly endeavour that can be hijacked by others—known as brood parasitism. Females can choose to lay eggs in the nest of a conspecific female, resulting in extra‐pair maternity (EPM).

Burying beetles of the genus Nicrophorus use small vertebrate carcasses for reproduction and provide biparental care to their offspring. Carcasses are a rare resource; thus, competition often occurs among adults of the same sex.

A previous study examined the outcomes of competition and subsequent parental care of Nicrophorus vespilloides using laboratory experiments. Larvae of losing females were sometimes cared for by the winning females, which is generally an evidence of EPM.

However, the presence of EPM in burying beetles under natural conditions has not yet been well established. Here, we focused on the reproduction of N. quadripunctatus in the field. To examine the presence of EPM, maternity analysis was performed on 149 offspring and their caring females in 10 broods, using 8 microsatellite DNA loci.

Seven larvae originating from three broods were unrelated to their caring females. There were one to three unrelated larvae in each of the three broods. Thus, EPM occurs in N. quadripunctatus reproduction under natural conditions.
Hack it with EDUCHIC! Educational hackathons and interdisciplinary challenges—Definitions, principles, and pedagogical guidelines
Authors: Vanhée Loïs , Danielsson Karin , Enqvist Lena , Grill Kalle , Borit Melania
Published: April 2024

Whereas hackathons are widespread within and outside academia and have been argued to be a valid pedagogical method for teaching interdisciplinarity, no detailed frameworks or methods are available for conceptualizing and organizing educational hackathons, i.e., hackathons dedicated to best achieving pedagogic objectives. This paper is dedicated to introducing EDUCational Hackathons for learning how to solve Interdisciplinary Challenges (EDUCHIC) through: (1) defining the fundamental principles for framing an activity as an EDUCHIC, integrating principles from pedagogical methods, hackathon organization, and interdisciplinarity processes; (2) describing general properties that EDUCHIC possess as a consequence of the interaction of the fundamental principles; (3) developing operational guidelines for streamlining the practical organization of EDUCHIC, including an exhaustive end‐to‐end process covering all the steps for organizing EDUCHIC and practical frames for carrying the key decisions to be made in this process; and (4) a demonstration of these guidelines through illustrating their application for organizing a concrete EDUCHIC.
Differences in bone turnover markers and injury risks between local and international horses: A Victorian Spring Racing Carnival study
Authors: Ayodele Babatunde A. , Pagel Charles N. , Mackie Eleanor J. , Armour Fiona , Yamada Sean , Zahra Paul , Courtman Natalie , Whitton R. Chris , Hitchens Peta L.
Published: April 2024

Background

Musculoskeletal injuries (MSI) are common in racehorses and have been of increasing concern in horses travelling internationally to compete. Understanding the differences in bone turnover between local horses and international horses following long‐distance air transportation may inform MSI prevention strategies.

Objectives

To understand the differences in bone turnover markers and risk of MSI between local horses and international horses following long‐distance air transportation.

Study design

Prospective cohort.

Methods

The concentrations of bone turnover markers (OCN and CTXI), markers of stress (cortisol), inflammation (serum amyloid A) and circadian rhythm (melatonin), and bisphosphonates were determined in blood samples collected twice (14–17 days apart), from horses following international travel (n = 69), and from local horses (n = 79). The associations between markers, long‐distance travel and MSI were determined using multivariable generalised linear regression models.

Results

Within 3–5 days post‐transport, concentrations of cortisol in international horses were higher than those of local horses (main effect, Coef. 0.39; 95% CI 0.24, 0.54; p < 0.001) but they decreased and were not different to those of local horses at the second timepoint (interaction effect, Coef. −0.27; 95% CI −0.46, −0.07; p = 0.007). After adjusting for age and sex, OCN and CTXI were not significantly different between international and local horses; however, OCN was lower in international horses at timepoint 2 (interaction effect, Coef. −0.16; 95% CI −0.31, −0.01; p = 0.043). The prevalence of MSI was higher in the international (26%; 95% CI 16, 38%) compared with local horses (8%; 95% CI 3, 16%; p < 0.001), with all severe MSI sustained by the international horses. At the second timepoint compared with the first timepoint post‐transport, cortisol remained high or increased (interaction effect, Coef. 0.43; 95% CI 0.24, 0.61; p < 0.001) and OCN increased (interaction effect, Coef. 0.26; 95% CI 0.08, 0.44; p = 0.006) in the horses that sustained severe MSI.

Main limitations

Horse population and racing career parameters differed between groups. Bone turnover markers have low sensitivity to detect local bone changes.

Conclusions

Most horses showed minimal effects of long‐distance air transport within 2 weeks relative to local horses as assessed by stress and bone turnover markers. Screening for persistent high cortisol and evidence of net bone formation after long‐distance air transportation may help to identify racehorses at high risk of catastrophic MSI.
The Co‐Parenting Across Family Structures Scale: Replication for Mandarin parents
Authors: Pruett Marsha Kline , Wang Xiying , Zhu Tianmei , Alschech Jonathan , Saini Michael
Published: April 2024

Co‐parenting, the undertaking of parents working together to raise their children, is well documented as an important consideration of children's adjustment in Western countries, but we know less about the role of co‐parenting in other cultures. In China, for example, co‐parenting has only recently emerged in the social science literature. This study aimed to examine the cultural sensitivity of the CoPAFS instrument among Chinese Mandarin‐speaking parents. CoPAFS is a 27‐item survey designed to assess co‐parenting across married and unmarried family structures originally developed in English. Data were collected from 729 Chinese‐speaking and 348 English‐speaking respondents. Factor analyses and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the overall model fit for the translated co‐parenting measure was acceptable in Mandarin. However, the five CoPAFS subscales (trust, respect, communication, acrimony, and value) differed across comparison groups, with communication notable for its lack of endorsement among Chinese couples. Implications of measuring co‐parenting within Chinese families are offered.
Political corruption and earthquakes: Governance in Turkey under Erdogan's rule
Authors: Cifuentes‐Faura Javier
Published: April 2024

In 2023, a major earthquake struck Turkey, leaving thousands dead and exposing the country's corruption problems. The current Turkish president Erdoğan was sworn into power in 2003. Erdoğan's government has completely transformed the country with construction projects that have provided a huge economic boost. However, successive amnesties and non‐compliance with building regulations have uncovered cases of corruption. This paper analyses the evolution of corruption in Turkey during Erdoğan's rule. Several indicators are considered, such as the Corruption Perception Index, the Index on Impartial Administration or the V‐Dem Indicator on Political Corruption. The results indicate that two distinct stages can be distinguished during Erdoğan's term in office. The first stage was marked by a reduction in the perception of corruption, and the second stage was marked by an increase in the number of tenders for public works and corruption. Finally, several policy recommendations are proposed to reduce corruption in Turkey.
Gendered experiences in professional military education: Implications for diversity, equity, and inclusion
Authors: Erwin Stephanie , Jenner Brandy , Hennessey Megan J. , Weigle Brett
Published: April 2024

This multi‐year, cross‐sectional qualitative study investigates gendered experiences of students and faculty at one master's degree‐granting military education institution in the United States. Findings from a grounded theory exploration into institutional climate using focus groups and classroom observations include themes of underrepresentation, tokenization, and dismissal during class conversations, and mischaracterization of diversity of thought. The studied institution responded to these findings by adopting a new gender‐blind class assignment process for students. The authors examined the resultant changes in the learning environment with regards to gender representation in classrooms that had zero, one, two, or three women. A next round of findings reflects students' conformance to gender norms, the prevalence of gatekeeping in class discussion, and the creation of affinity groups as a coping mechanism for underrepresented students. Findings also indicate the burden of intersectional representation falls disproportionately on women students; 73% of women students reflected two or more underrepresented‐group identities compared to just 7% of men students. Encompassing 114 h of classroom observations and 47 interviews with faculty and students, this research represents a rigorous and unprecedented cross‐sectional empirical inquiry into gendered experiences of a master's degree‐granting professional learning environment and has implications for scholars and practitioners working in male‐dominated organizations.
Nonspecific oral medications versus anti–calcitonin gene‐related peptide monoclonal antibodies for migraine: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Robblee Jennifer , Hakim Sameh M. , Reynolds John M. , Monteith Teshamae S. , Zhang Niushen , Barad Meredith
Published: April 2024

Objective

To compare calcitonin gene–related peptide monoclonal antibodies (CGRP mAbs) versus nonspecific oral migraine preventives (NOEPs).

Background

Insurers mandate step therapy with NOEPs before approving CGRP mAbs.

Methods

Databases were searched for class I or II randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing CGRP mAbs or NOEPs versus placebo for migraine prevention in adults. The primary outcome measure was monthly migraine days (MMD) or moderate to severe headache days.

Results

Twelve RCTs for CGRP mAbs, 5 RCTs for topiramate, and 3 RCTs for divalproex were included in the meta‐analysis. There was high certainty that CGRP mAbs are more effective than placebo, with weighted mean difference (WMD; 95% confidence interval) of −1.64 (−1.99 to −1.28) MMD, which is compatible with small effect size (Cohen's d −0.25 [−0.34 to −0.16]). Certainty of evidence that topiramate or divalproex is more effective than placebo was very low and low, respectively (WMD −1.45 [−1.52 to −1.38] and −1.65 [−2.30 to −1.00], respectively; Cohen's d −1.25 [−2.47 to −0.03] and −0.48 [−0.67 to −0.29], respectively). Trial sequential analysis showed that information size was adequate and that CGRP mAbs had clear benefit versus placebo. Network meta‐analysis showed no statistically significant difference between CGRP mAbs and topiramate (WMD −0.19 [−0.56 to 0.17]) or divalproex (0.01 [−0.73 to 0.75]). No significant difference was seen between topiramate or divalproex (0.21 [−0.45 to 0.86]).

Conclusions

There is high certainty that CGRP mAbs are more effective than placebo, but the effect size is small. When feasible, CGRP mAbs may be prescribed as first‐line preventives; topiramate or divalproex could be as effective but are less well tolerated. The findings of this study support the recently published 2024 position of the American Headache Society on the use of CGRP mAbs as the first‐line treatment.
Apical root canal microbiome associated with primary and posttreatment apical periodontitis: A systematic review
Authors: Siqueira José F. , Silva Warley O. , Romeiro Kaline , Gominho Luciana F. , Alves Flávio R. F. , Rôças Isabela N.
Published: April 2024

Background

Microorganisms colonizing the apical root canal system are conceivably the ones directly involved with the causation and maintenance of apical periodontitis.

Objectives

This article systematically reviews the reports on the microbiome occurring exclusively at the apical root canal of teeth with primary and posttreatment apical periodontitis.

Methods

The electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Proquest were searched up to August 2023. Clinical studies using culture and molecular microbiology methods to identify the microbial taxa present exclusively in the apical root canal segment of infected teeth with apical periodontitis were included. Studies were critically assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Prevalence Assessment Checklist.

Results

From 2277 articles initially detected, 52 were selected for full reading and 21 were eventually included in this review. Of these, molecular methods were used in 19 and culture in 2 studies. Ten studies evaluated primary infections, 8 evaluated posttreatment infections, and 3 included both. Cryopulverization of the apical root specimens was conducted in 11 studies. All studies evaluated the prevalence and diversity of bacteria, and only one also reported on fungi. Overall, the most frequent/abundant bacterial taxa found in the apical canal of primary infections were Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus, Olsenella uli, Fusobacterium species, Streptococcus species, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Prevotella species, Actinomyces species, Parvimonas micra, Treponema denticola, Synergistetes species, and an as‐yet uncharacterized taxon. In posttreatment infections, the most prevalent/abundant bacterial taxa included species of Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Fusobacterium, Actinomyces, Pseudoramibacter, Pseudomonas, and Propionibacterium. At the phylum level, Firmicutes was the most represented. The average apical bacterial load ranged from 105 to 106 in primary infections and from 103 to 104 in posttreatment infections.

Discussion

Microbial diversity in the apical part of the root canal system was examined encompassing data from both primary and posttreatment infections. Heterogeneity amongst the studies, especially in sample collection and microbial identification methods, is an important limitation that prevented a meta‐analysis.

Conclusions

There is a pronounced bacterial diversity in the infected apical canal, with a high interindividual variability. Different microbiome compositions at the species/genus level are observed according to the infection type.

Registration

PROSPERO CRD42021275886.
Site‐selective fluorescence and spectroscopic properties of Yb‐doped lanthanum titanate glasses
Authors: Topper Brian , Neumann Alexander , Wilke Stephen K. , Alrubkhi Abdulrahman , Mafi Arash , Weber Richard
Published: April 2024

Ytterbium‐doped lanthanum titanate glasses were prepared by levitation melting for the detailed characterization of the spectroscopic properties in the rare‐earth titanate glass host. Low‐temperature fluorescence spectroscopy reveals distinct site‐selectivity in both static and lifetime fluorescence measurements suggesting an absence of clustering as well as significant variation of local ytterbium environments. Typical site‐selectivity behavior of a shrinking Stark manifold with lower excitation energy is observed. At 77 K, both the mean emission frequency and the fluorescence lifetime initially increase as the excitation energy decreases from about 11100 to 10750 and then slightly decrease at lower excitation energy. Temperature‐dependent lifetime measurements between 77 and 420 K show a decreasing lifetime with increasing temperature and are well described by a two‐level thermal activation model. The temperature‐dependent fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with a room temperature white light absorption measurement allow the determination of the Stark energy levels of in lanthanum titanate glass as well as the calculation of the laser cross‐sections.