bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Solar Cell Efficiency and Electrical Energy of a Photovoltaic-Thermal System by Using Nanofluid
Authors:   Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, 28293, Pekanbaru, Indonesia, Jelita Marhama , Saleh Habibis ,   Mathematics Education Department, Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, 28293, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
Published: November 2023

This communication presents the finite element method (FEM) analysis of the conjugate heat transfer across the PV/T panel. The PV/T system has several layers i.e., PV cell layer, thermal paste layer, reservoir wall and reservoir flow channel filled with nanofluid. The heat transfer equations for all layers have been constructed according to the conjugate heat transfer equation. The continuity, momentum and energy equations are solved numerically by using the FEM technique. The effects of various dimensionless parameters are discussed by plotting velocity, temperature, electrical output and thermal efficiencies. The result indicates that the average cell temperature keeps decreased by increasing nanoparticle concentration. The narrower flow channel has greater power output at the relatively low concentration while the wider flow channel has greater power output at the relatively high concentration. Thermal performance increases by 11% for every 10% increasing in nanoparticle volume fraction.
Implementation of A.I. Vehicle Detection for Traffic Analysis Using In-situ Surveillance Infrastructure
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan, Hyder Saadullah , Gul Marjan ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan, Hussain Sadiq ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan, Ahmed Syed Ilyas ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan, Nazeer Aamir ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan, Ahmed Faheem ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
Published: November 2023

Traffic flow parameters are required for optimizing traffic operations, design of pavements, and future planning of traffic networks. Unfortunately, due to the unique characteristics and variety of vehicles in the sub-continent i.e., size and design, the accuracy of results for a vision-based system is challenged, since most thorough datasets are based on European and American traffic. This paper proposes a solution by developing a detection model ground-up using a dataset created from the local traffic surveillance footage, and creating a python pipeline for vehicle speed detection and classification. The vehicle classification model is developed using the state-of-the-art YOLO object detector which significantly reduces the computation time required to maintain the efficiency of the proposed solution. Furthermore, a computer-vision script is developed to track the movement of vehicles in the footage and record the speeds in a spreadsheet. The technique used eliminates the video calibration, including distance and angle, required for detecting accurate speeds. Finally, the realtime traffic data is analyzed to derive the fundamental traffic flow parameters and discuss the relation between flow and density. To ascertain the validity of this survey technique, the results are compared to the following renowned traffic flow models: The Modified Greenberg model, Eddie’s model, and The Two-regime model. The results are found to closely follow the models in all three cases.
The effect of abiotic factors on in vitro seed germination in Oxytropis chankaensis Jurtz., a rare endemic species of the Russian Far East
Authors:   Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS, Berdasova Kseniya S. , Pianova Anastasiya S. ,   Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS, Kameneva Liubov A. ,   Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS
Published: November 2023

The paper presents the results of different ways of overcoming dormancy of seeds of Oxytropis chankaensis Jurtz., a rare endemic species of the Far East characterized by small isolated populations. The peculiarities of seed germination under the influence of various abiogenic factors were studied: concentrated sulfuric acid, stratification, seed hilum puncture and abrupt temperature difference. A protocol for introducing the species studied to culture in vitro in order to preserve this endemic has been developed. The assessment of seedling viability after exposure to each of the factors was carried out. It was shown that the most effective and fastest way of scarification is the use of concentrated sulfuric acid. Stimulation of seed germination by this factor leads to 100 % seed germination and obtaining more than 90 % of viable plants capable of microclonal multiplication.
NATIONAL, ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS IDENTITIES: ESSENCE, HISTORICAL BASIS OF FORMATION AND CORRELATION
Authors:   Academician Stepan Demianchuk International University of Economics and Humanities, Rivne, Ukraine, Lopatska Nataliia
Published: November 2023

The article analyzes the essence of understanding the concepts: «national identity», «ethnic identity», «religious identity», their structural components, evolutionary principles of formation, and correlation in the aspect of a historical phenomenon. The issue of national identity was and remains extremely important for both the past and the present of Ukraine. The idea of ​​state consolidation reflects the aspect of how formed and balanced civil society is. Elements of the latter are various associations covering certain spheres of life. Such structures fully reflect and determine the confessional sympathies of society. Identity in this sense acts as a key basis for the formation of ethnic and religious beliefs. Today, Ukraine is in an extremely difficult situation, which is connected with the Russian-Ukrainian war, which began in February 2014. In the context of modern events, it is important for the population of Ukraine to realize and focus their attention on what unites them. Such factors should be highlighted both in the past of Ukrainian history and determined in the present. The content of the article reconstructs the problem of theoretical understanding of the concept of «national identity», «ethnic identity», «religious identity». It was determined that the specified identities have their own characteristics, which may change over the course of historical time. Attention is drawn to the fact that national identity can change over time. It is substantiated that «national identity», «ethnic identity», «religious identity» are in the process of constant changes, and can also adapt under the influence of external processes. It was determined that the mentioned identities are extremely important for Ukraine, as they both generate and confirm the foundations of national unity, and form a powerful foundation for an established civil society.
RUSSIAN AGGRESSION AGAINST UKRAINE FROM 2014 TO THE PRESENT: POSITION OF UKRAINIAN DIPLOMACY
Authors:   Transcarpathian Institute of Postgraduate Pedagogical Education, Uzhhorod, Ukraine, Ofitsynskyy Roman
Published: November 2023

This article is devoted to the modern Russian-Ukrainian war, which began in February 2014 and is still ongoing. In this context, attention is drawn to the informational and explanatory efforts of Ukrainian diplomacy, primarily the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. The official foreign policy position of the state of Ukraine regarding the prerequisites, causes, course and consequences of Russian aggression is investigated. Mainly, the substantive activity of Ukrainian diplomacy is highlighted – the provisions, arguments, and evidence that formed the basis of the powerful support of Ukraine (as a victim of Russian aggression) by leading states and intergovernmental organizations. In order to achieve this main goal of his research, the author carefully analyzed the official portal of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. The specified ministry objectively classified Russia’s armed aggression against Ukraine as a pre-planned military operation that began on February 20, 2014, with the seizure of the Crimean peninsula. Ukrainian diplomats are rightly convinced that Russia’s modern war against Ukraine is a civilizational conflict – a struggle against Russian neo-colonialism. The most important current goals of Ukraine include the liberation of the occupied territories, restoration of its territorial integrity, including the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol. In addition, Russia must pay compensation for the destruction caused to Ukraine, and Russian war criminals must be properly punished. At the same time, Ukraine deserves effective international legal guarantees of its security and full membership in the European and Euro-Atlantic unions. In general, informational and educational efforts remain a priority area of activity of Ukrainian diplomacy in the conditions of Russian aggression against Ukraine.
Kidney stones in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolic risk factors
Authors: Spivacow Francisco , Valle Elisa , Rey Paula , Allo Pablo , Pailler Martín
Published: November 2023

Background: In the past few decades, the prevalence of kidney stones in Western countries has increased in parallel with the growing overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus rates. An increased insulin resistance in these patients explains, in part, the rising prevalence of uric acid stones. Aim: The Aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the metabolic abnormalities in type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients with kidney stones. Methods: A total of 104 diabetic patients (age: 57.8 ± 11 years) and 130 non-diabetics (age: 52.1 ± 6.7 years) with kidney stones were selected. Results: Higher rates of body mass index, hypertension, urinary tract infection, gout and hyperuricemia were observed in diabetic patients as compared to the non-diabetics, while similar rates were found for their family history of kidney stones. Metabolic abnormalities were detected in 95.2% and 81.5% of diabetics and non-diabetics, respectively. Idiopathic hypercalciuria was the most frequent abnormality in both groups, although as a simple abnormality, in diabetic patients, unduly acidic urine was the more common. Conclusions: unduly acidic urine is the most frequent single abnormalities in patients with diabetes mellitus and is in part responsible for the greater number of uric acid stones.
No Roadblocks in Low Earth Orbit: The Motivational Role of the Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS) School Program in STEM Education
Authors: Diggens Martin , Williams John , Benedix Gretchen
Published: November 2023

This study presents an investigation of the interaction with a role model and school students’ interest in pursuing Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) subjects. The interaction is in the form of a live question and answer contact with an astronaut aboard the International Space Station (ISS). Through the integration of the Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS) School Program into the school curriculum as an external intervention, opportunities are provided for school students from anywhere in the world to ask their own prepared questions of the astronauts using two-way Amateur Radio. The purpose of this research is to determine the extent to which the ARISS Program is meeting its primary goal of enhancing school students’ interest in STEM subjects and to analyse any changes in student interest towards STEM subjects and STEM based careers attributed to the ARISS program. Data were collected through a mixed methods research model using pre- and post- event online questionnaires, from 236 students and 31 teachers, representing 4 schools, and 29 ARISS Volunteers. Case Study students and teachers were chosen from Canada, Germany, and the United States. Very high ARISS excitement levels were exhibited by the students and teachers from all case study schools. A t-test was used to determine the significance of student pre- and post-event interest and excitement levels, and while science was the only subject with a significant difference, there was a noticeable positive trend in the change in student STEM interest within all subject areas. There were twice as many students reporting an increase in STEM interest than not at the conclusion of the ARISS event. Participant teachers unanimously reported that astronauts, male and female, are a significant positive role model for school students, and that the ARISS program was of value to their students. More primary aged students exhibited a positive STEM interest change than secondary aged students. A positive change in STEM subject interest within secondary school age students exists pointing to the ability of the ARISS program to motivate older students. This research confirms that the ARISS program has a significant and positive impact on students where an integrative partnership with the school curriculum is achieved. This research has contributed to the existing literature surrounding the impact of inspirational expert role models on the motivation levels of students to pursue STEM based studies and careers.
Iura novit curia in informal cassation: detriment to the dispositive power and congruence?
Authors: Narváez Díaz Omar Hernando
Published: November 2023

El iura novit curia comporta una potestad judicial, empero ¿cuál es el carácter instrumental para que resulte aplicable y/o procedente en el Derecho Penal y específicamente en la casación oficiosa, sin alterar la calificación legal y la neutralidad?, la finalidad del recurso está regida por causales taxativas, no obstante, la Sala Penal de la Corte Suprema de Justicia en su juicio de legalidad aplica la principialística, evitando el detrimento de la Constitución, el bloque de constitucionalidad y el control de convencionalidad. El presente artículo constituye una reflexión socio-jurídica, cuyo método cualitativo parte del análisis de jurisprudencia y doctrina; se concluye que los rigores para promover ese mecanismo concurren flexibilizados, al punto de relativizar la consonancia e incidir en la verdad procesal, por cuenta de facultades extra y ultra petita para la solución de casos seleccionados.
La libertad negativa como fundamento del derecho a no saber
Authors: Correa Martínez Cesar Alberto , Tirado Álvarez María Margarita , Pinilla León Jenniffer , Báez Mesa Dacmar Andrea
Published: November 2023

El “derecho a no saber” es una garantía reconocida a los pacientes, que viene cobrando importancia dentro de los estudios del derecho a la información y la asistencia médica y, por ende, no ajena al derecho, a la medicina y a las disciplinas relacionadas con ellas. Si bien surge como un llamado al respeto del paciente de no conocer información genética irrelevante o dañina, en la actualidad su aplicación se supone en todos los niveles y formas de asistencia en salud, existiendo un deber de permitir su aplicación en Colombia. Es tal su importancia, que fue incluido como uno de los elementos del derecho de información de los pacientes, tanto por la Corte Constitucional como por el Consejo de Estado (ce), aunque su desarrollo doctrinal ha sido escaso en el país. El “derecho a no saber”, cuyos fundamentos jurídicos son similares a los del ‘derecho a saber’, tiene su cimiento en la concepción de la actuación autónoma de las personas y el respeto por las decisiones voluntarias que los ordenamientos garantizan a las personas, como es el caso colombiano. Continuando con lo anterior, concebimos además como obligación del ordenamiento jurídico la eliminación de los obstáculos injustificados y antijurídicos que no le admitan a la persona la posibilidad de decidir el ‘no ser informada’ en el ámbito médico asistencial, cuando se demuestra que a ello tiene derecho.
Small Library Research: Using Qualitative and User-Oriented Research to Transform a Traditional Library into an Information Commons
Authors: McCrary Quincy Dalton
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective - The project team investigated the changes necessary to transform the original library into an information commons. The researchers sought to drive the project by asking for patrons’ input, rather than rely on the vision of administrators or librarians.

Methods - The project team used four techniques to gather data. They recorded patron use patterns, administered surveys, conducted formal interviews, and facilitated comment boards.

Results - Each of the four methods used in this research delivered similar conclusions. Patrons used the library as a study hall, but the space did not facilitate collaboration. Patrons requested more group study spaces, more access to power, and a quieter environment. Patrons identified the value of developing a learning community in the library. Finally, patrons advocated for the retention of physical collections in the library building.

Conclusion - The present library building, designed to facilitate individual, quiet, textual based learning, no longer serves the needs of its patrons. Analysis of this project’s data supports the need to develop an information commons. The Gellert Library is not just a place to store books and study. Rather, it is a place where meaning and learning emerges from access to knowledge.
Prospects for the use of artificial intelligence as a means of counteraction to corruption in the activities of the bodies of preliminary investigation and the court
Authors: Bugaevskaya Natalia V.
Published: November 2023

Subject of study: features of the possible use of artificial intelligence systems in order to reduce corruption risks in judicial and investigative activities.
The purpose of the study: to identify and propose ways to overcome legal discretion and, thereby, ways to reduce the level of corruption based on the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the activities of the investigation and court.
Research methods and objects: the research is based on the dialectical method of scientific knowledge. Private scientific methods of cognition were used in the following aspects: when considering the concept of artificial intelligence, methods of formal logic were used; the study of the practice of introducing artificial intelligence into investigative and judicial activities was based on the formal legal method. The object of the study is the social relations that are developing in the field of criminal procedure, suggesting legal discretion as a certain corruption risk.
The main results of the study: the use of artificial intelligence for the long-term fight against corruption in judicial and investigative activities is possible as a controlled tool in such activities as: creating a service to facilitate the consideration of cases in a special manner; judicial record keeping and judicial statistics; simulation of the crime event; promotion of versions, determination of ways to check them.
Subject of study: features of the possible use of artificial intelligence systems in order to reduce corruption risks in judicial and investigative activities.
The purpose of the study: to identify and propose ways to overcome legal discretion and, thereby, ways to reduce the level of corruption based on the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the activities of the investigation and court.
Research methods and objects: the research is based on the dialectical method of scientific knowledge. Private scientific methods of cognition were used in the following aspects: when considering the concept of artificial intelligence, methods of formal logic were used; the study of the practice of introducing artificial intelligence into investigative and judicial activities was based on the formal legal method. The object of the study is the social relations that are developing in the field of criminal procedure, suggesting legal discretion as a certain corruption risk.
The main results of the study: the use of artificial intelligence for the long-term fight against corruption in judicial and investigative activities is possible as a controlled tool in such activities as: creating a service to facilitate the consideration of cases in a special manner; judicial record keeping and judicial statistics; simulation of the crime event; promotion of versions, determination of ways to check them.
Indicadores de qualidade de vida no trabalho para professores de instituições públicas de ensino superior: Uma comparação entre Brasil e Canadá
Authors: Vilas Boas Ana Alice , Morin Estelle M.
Published: November 2023

O principal objetivo desse artigo é avaliar os indicadores de qualidade de vida no trabalho (QVT) para os professores universitários, e comparar os indicadores de QVT em universidades públicas no Brasil e no Canadá. A amostra deste estudo é constituída por 205 professores de Minas Gerais e 269 do Quebec. Os dados foram coletados através de um questionário online aplicado em fevereiro e março de 2013. Três diferenças significativas foram encontradas entre as duas amostras: sentido no trabalho, comprometimento afetivo e comprometimento de continuidade. Os professores brasileiros parecem encontrar mais sentido no trabalho do que os canadenses e têm mais comprometimento afetivo com suas instituições.
Management of General Anesthesia in Difficult Airway: A Case Report
Authors: Gemawan Taufiq , Handoko Adelia , Amien Muhammad Irsyad , Misturiansyah Nurrul Izza , Pratama Muhamad Rizal Hadi
Published: November 2023

When dealing with clinical disorders known as difficult airways, airway management during general anesthesia still presents challenges. A cross-sectional study done in Indonesia in 2016 found that 28 out of 250 patients receiving general anesthesia had respiratory problems. The existing algorithm must be properly and effectively managed in order to resolve this issue. This case report discusses a 14-month-old pediatric patient with right preauricular lymphoma who will undergo tumor biopsy surgery using general anesthesia. The size of the tumor mass that has grown and covered the patient's airway makes it difficult to manage the airway during general anesthesia, making intubation impossible. To overcome this, bagging was carried out by improvising the technique of reversing the position of the mask cover on the patient during the operation. The patient can be saved and allowed to go home after treatment. Appropriate management during perioperative especially related to airway management will produce good results for patient health and safety. With this case report, hopefully it can add knowledge and an alternative ventilation technique if you encounter a similar case.
 
Keywords: difficult airway, general anesthesia, lymphoma preauricular
Adaptive Compensation for Unknown External Disturbances for an Inverted Pendulum Based on the Internal Model Principle
Authors:   ITMO University, Long H. D. ,   ITMO University, Dudarenko N. A.
Published: November 2023

In this paper, an adaptive compensator for unknown external disturbances for an inverted pendulum based on the internal model principle is designed. The inverted pendulum is a typical system that has many applications in social life, such as missile launchers, pendubots, human walking and segways, and so on. Furthermore, the inverted pendulum is a high-order nonlinear system, and its parameters are difficult to determine accurately. The physical constraints lead to the complexity of its control design. Besides, there are some unknown external disturbances that affect the inverted pendulum when it operates. The designed adaptive compensation ensures the outputs of the system’s convergence to the desired values while also ensuring a stable system with variable parameters and unknown disturbances. The simulation results are illustrated and compared with the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller to show the effectiveness of the proposed compensator.
THE PREDICATIVE USE OF ADJECTIVES IN THE GERMAN LANGUAGE: INSIGHTS FROM THE NEWSPAPER ‘WESTDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG’ FOR LANGUAGE LEARNERS IN EDUCATIONAL SETTINGS
Authors: Ivanovska Biljana , Xhaferi Gzim
Published: November 2023

This paper providesan in-depth analysis of the syntactic function and usage of adjectives in the German language with a focus on their predicative use. For the prupose of the study,we utilized a corpus of adjectives from the newspaper 'Westdeutsche Zeitung' from 2009 to 2021. The procedure involved theanalysisof sentence examples from the electronic corpus of the archive of the written German language at the German Language Institute in Mannheim (IdS). Building upon the theoretical approaches of Helbig & Busha (1991) and Hentschel & Weydt (2013), this article presents our own analysis and approaches of the syntactic function of adjectives in the German language. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of adjectives in the German language as a corpus-based study for language learners in higher educational settings. The results of the study give some new insights and information for both teachers and students about the use of adjectives while learning German language.
ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ON HOMEWORK IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO’S ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Skenderi Samir , Janusheva Violeta
Published: November 2023

Given that much research stresses out the positive homework impact on the students’
achievements in learning a foreign language, this study examines the English language
elementary students’ opinions on homework in order to depict whether the Republic Kosovo’s
elementary schools emphasize the significant role of homework in the foreign language
teaching and learning process. Therefore, qualitative interviews with 30 English language
elementary students from the sixth grade are conducted as a method for collecting data. The
sample consists of 30 interviews’ transcript, and the analysis rests upon coding and the
interpretative-inductive approach. The research results show that the elementary education in
the Republic of Kosovo recognizes the homework importance and that homework plays a
significant role in students’ success, i.e. it helps students to learn the lessons better and also
allows them to become independent learners.
THE IMPACT OF EXPERIMENT-BASED TEACHING ON LEARNING THE SUBJECT CHEMISTRY IN LOW SECONDARY EDUCATION
Authors: Ramadani Fehmi , Pejchinovska-Stojkovikj Milena
Published: November 2023

Experiment-based teaching is a learning strategy by which students gain knowledge and skills
through investigating, answering questions, collaborating, self-managing, and solving
problems through communication, while the traditional method serves ready-made information
to students that vanish very quickly. Therefore, in this paper, the topic of experiment-based
teaching in chemistry and the role of incorporating experiments in students’ learning and
development of their skills and abilities have been closely examined. This research implies an
action research methodology, with a quasi-experimental design, and is conducted in Primary
school ⹂Dardania” in Municipality of Pristina, from which students of two seventh grades
participated. The pre and post-test method was used in the classroom where the lesson
instructions were based on experiments, while in contrast, in another classroom with a group
of students who served as a control group, the teaching was realized by applying the traditional
teaching methods.
Overall, the techniques and instruments of the research included the following: pre-test,
observation of students during the learning process, checklist, and post-test. The research
results showed that in the classroom where the learning is based on experiment-based teaching,
the students are more motivated and active and show higher results in learning chemistry
compared to students who have learned the same units based on traditional methods without
integrating experiments. The practical value of this research relies on providing valuable results
in encouraging teachers to use experiment-based teaching more often so that students can gain
practical knowledge and skills to practice experimental work as the results indicated that
students who learn in classes where teaching based on experiments is used, achieve higher
results and show higher performance in the subject chemistry than those who have completed
the lessons in classes where traditional methods are used without applying experiments.
ENGLISH TEACHING JUST GOT AN UPGRADE: HOW AI IS REVOLUTIONIZING TESOL
Authors: Shalevska Elena
Published: November 2023

The field of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) is ever-
evolving, and as such exploring the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in language teaching
and learning is becoming increasingly important. AI-powered language learning tools, such as
chatbots, are changing the way students learn and practice English. As these AI-powered
chatbots gain momentum, educators worldwide discuss their potential implications on the
process of language teaching.
By examining the potential use of chatbots such as ChatGPT, this paper aims to
contribute to the limited available literature on AI and TESOL and provide valuable insights
for teachers on the benefits and challenges of incorporating AI in their daily work. Discussing
the ways chatbots can enhance ESL/EFL classes, as well as the ways they can hinder the
learning process, due to issues related to academic dishonesty, this paper highlights both the
advantages and the disadvantages of such emerging technologies, as well as AI’s practical use
in a classroom, in hopes to improve the language learning outcomes.
UV induced changes in bismuth oxychloride–filled polycarbonate composite films
Authors: Kandagal Vijayashri Ashok , Lobo Blaise
Published: November 2023

Bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl)–filled polycarbonate (PC) composite films have been prepared at five different filler levels (FLs), that is, at 0, 5, 15, 25, and 35 wt.% (of BiOCl in PC), by using the solution casting method. These composites were irradiated with UV-C radiation at a wavelength of 254 nm for four hours and were studied before and after UV-C irradiation. The prepared composites showed three fluorescence emission peaks for pristine PC, at wavelengths of 415, 440, and 467 nm, and the emission peak intensity increases with an increase in FLs and exposure time to UV irradiation. There is a structural transformation of the sample, from the amorphous nature of PC to the crystalline nature of BiOCl-filled PC composite samples, which has been confirmed by the XRD technique; the degree of crystallinity has increased with an increase in FL. SEM images confirm that surface morphological changes take place due to an increase in BiOCl content in the PC matrix with an increase in FL. The uniform distribution of BiOCl in PC has been confirmed by observing the AFM images. A single-step decomposition phenomenon is observed from the TGA curves, and pristine PC has greater mass loss and thermal stability among all the filled and irradiated BiOCl-filled PC composite films.
Controlling Gut Microbiota by Twendee X®︎ Also Contributes to Dementia Prevention
Authors: You Fukka , Harakawa Yoshiaki , Yoshikawa Toshikazu , Inufusa Haruhiko
Published: November 2023

The human gut microbiota (GM) is a complex and dynamic ecosystem that hosts trillions of commensal and potentially pathogenic microorganisms. It is crucial in protecting humans from pathogens and in maintaining immune and metabolic homeostasis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that GM has a significant impact on health and disease, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by impaired short-term memory and cognitive deficits. Patients with AD have been reported to exhibit abnormalities in GM density and species composition. Oxidative stress (OS) has been implicated in the onset and progression of AD, however, the relationship between OS and gut microbiota in AD onset and progression is not clear. Twendee X®︎ (TwX), an oral supplement consisting of 8 active ingredients, has been shown to prevent dementia in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in humans and substantially improve cognitive impairment in mouse models of AD. This positive effect is achieved through the potency of the combined antioxidants that regulate OS and therefore similar results cannot be achieved by a single antioxidant ingredient. To examine the impact of long-term OS elevation as seen in AD on the body and GM, we examined GM alterations during the initial OS elevation using a rat 2-week OS loading model, and examined the effects of TwX on OS and GM. Furthermore, using a questionnaire survey and fecal samples, we analyzed the impact of TwX on healthy individuals' gut bacteria and the associated effect on their quality of life (QOL). TwX was found to increase the number of bacteria species and their diversity in GM, as well as butyrate-producing bacteria, which tend to be reduced in AD patients. Additionally, TwX improved defecation condition and QOL. The gut bacteria function as part of the homeostatic function during OS elevation, and prophylactic administration of TwX strengthened this function. The results suggests that the preventative effect of TwX on dementia may involve the GM in addition to the other effects previously demonstrated.
Despoblación del nodo interprovincial del Sureste de la Península Ibérica: ¿hacia el abismo demográfico?
Authors: Giménez García Rubén , Cebrián Abellán Francisco , García Marín Ramón
Published: November 2023

Desde mediados del siglo XX, buena parte de las áreas rurales españolas han experimentado un éxodo demográfico sin precedentes. Aunque se trata de un fenómeno que se manifiesta mayoritariamente en la mitad norte del país, existen territorios ubicados en la vertiente meridional en los que la intensidad de la despoblación los dota de especial particularidad. Entre ellos, resaltan las comarcas que componen el nodo interprovincial del Sureste de la Península Ibérica. El objetivo fundamental de este trabajo trata de examinar tanto la notable despoblación sufrida por estos territorios, como las causas que han impulsado este proceso. La metodología empleada para cubrir esta cuestión se basa en el análisis de la dinámica demográfica experimentada desde el año 1900 y la evaluación de los datos obtenidos de indicadores como el crecimiento vegetativo y migratorio o la renta económica, entre otros.  Junto a este objetivo principal, se pretende conocer los efectos que la Covid-19 ha podido tener en la dinámica demográfica y las perspectivas de futuro que presentan. A este respecto, se estudian diferentes variables relativas al envejecimiento, natalidad y mortalidad, o el peso de población extranjera. Los datos aportados por estos indicadores proceden de fuentes oficiales como el INE o el Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y Reto Demográfico. Los resultados obtenidos muestran tanto la gravedad adquirida por la despoblación desde 1950, como las malas previsiones de futuro.
Impaired long-range excitatory time scale predicts abnormal neural oscillations and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Verma Parul , Ranasinghe Kamalini , Prasad Janani , Cai Chang , Xie Xihe , Lerner Hannah , Mizuiri Danielle , Miller Bruce , Rankin Katherine , Vossel Keith , Cheung Steven , Nagarajan Srikantan , Raj Ashish
Published: November 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, progressively impairing memory and cognition. While neuroimaging studies have revealed functional abnormalities in AD, how these relate to aberrant neuronal circuit mechanisms remains unclear. Using magnetoencephalography imaging we documented abnormal local neural synchrony patterns in patients with AD. To identify abnormal biophysical mechanisms underlying these abnormal electrophysiological patterns, we estimated the parameters of a spectral graph-theory model (SGM). SGM is an analytic model that describes how long-range fiber projections in the brain mediate the excitatory and inhibitory activity of local neuronal subpopulations. The long-range excitatory time scale was associated with greater deficits in global cognition and was able to distinguish AD patients from controls with high accuracy. These results demonstrate that long-range excitatory time scale of neuronal activity, despite being a global measure, is a key determinant in the spatiospectral signatures and cognition in AD.
Descriptive Epidemiology of the first outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease in cattle in Indonesia
Authors: Nugroho Widi , Mardani Hani Muhammad , Reichel Michael Philipp , Fitria Yul , Miswati Yuli , Febrianto Niko , Nuryanto Muhammad Edy , Apriana Intan , Azzahrawani Nur , Martalina Eno , Kusumarini Shelly , Hermanto . , Ramadan Aji Riau Sahrul , Nurdiana Deci Nanda , Praminto Agus
Published: November 2023

This study describes the first outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in cattle in the Bengkalis region, Indonesia and vaccination to control the epidemic. Data on the outbreak and vaccination was obtained from the local veterinary authority of the Bengkalis region, Indonesia. Climatological data was provided by the Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency of Riau Province.
Over the 5.5 months period, the outbreak caused 10.4% (94/906) morbidity and 0.6% (6/906) mortality of cattle on infected farms. Temporally, three epidemic waves occurred during the outbreak period. Villages with cattle populations of >150 animals (n=36) were 5.3 times more likely to be infected with LSD compared to villages with smaller cattle populations (n=107) (CI: 2.56 – 10.90, P<0.01). The vaccination campaign covered 43.8% of cattle in villages within a 10 km radius of cases. However, vaccination in villages with larger cattle populations (n=29) was 0.63 less likely to cover 50% of the cattle populations compared to villages with smaller cattle populations (n=41) (CI: 0.39 – 1.02, P=0.05). By the time the first two and the major waves ceased, vaccination had covered only 0.0% (n=6036), 27.8% (n=6,036) and 8.4% (n=6,556) of the cattle in the 10 km radius of the respective waves. The outbreak was statistically associated with rainfall and its interaction with temperature (F(2, 13)=5.822, R2=0.47, P=0.016). This study indicates that the LSD outbreak had low morbidity and mortality. Despite the low vaccination rate, the outbreak ceased, possibly due to plummeting of the abundance of insect vectors.
Exploring a Nexus among Voluntary Environmental Sustainability Disclosure, ISO Certifications and Award, Sustainable Development Goals and Firm Performance
Authors: Noreen Shumaila , ALI Fouzia Hadi
Published: November 2023

Corporate environmental disclosure has always been a major topic in discussions about environmental concerns, such as depletion of natural resources, material consumption, water resources, GHG emission, waste management and environmental laws. The incorporation of environmental disclosure in the business sector is in its early stages, particularly in the spectrum of listed manufacturing companies. The literature exploring corporate environmental disclosure in the context of Pakistan is scant, the present study fills this gap on conducting research on two stages. In first stage, the study aims to explore the quantity and quality of corporate environmental disclosure in accordance with Global Reporting Initiative guidelines and in second stage, explore the linkage among environmental award, industry sensitivity, ISO 14001, sustainable development goal 13 and firm performance with environmental disclosure in Pakistan. The hypotheses of the study examined through System GMM model to quantify the interrelationships. Results indicate that award, sensitivity, ISO 14001 and SDG 13 shows a substantial relationship with corporate environmental disclosure. However, it exhibits no link with firm performance metrics. This study expands the existing literature by focusing on GRI dimensions and examine the relationship in the light of stakeholder and legitimacy theory. On these bases, recommendations have been made for regulatory bodies to take measures mandating environmental sustainability disclosures in Pakistan. These actions will empower businesses to align economic growth with environmental responsibility and fostering a more sustainable future for the nation.
Molecular analysis of scats revealed diet and prey choice of grey wolves and Eurasian lynx in the contact zone between the Dinaric Mountains and the Alps
Authors: Buzan Elena , Potočnik Hubert , Pokorny Boštjan , Potušek Sandra , Iacolina Laura , Gerič Urška , Urzi Felicita , Kos Ivan
Published: November 2023

Background
A comprehensive understanding of the dietary habits of carnivores is essential to obtain ecological insights into their role in the ecosystem, potential competition with other carnivorous species, and their effect on prey populations. Genetic analysis of noninvasive samples, such as scats, can supplement behavioural or microscopic diet investigations. The objective of this study was to employ DNA metabarcoding to accurately determine the prey species in grey wolf (Canis lupus) and Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) scat samples collected in the Julian Alps and the Dinaric Mountains, Slovenia.
Results
The primary prey of wolves were red deer (Cervus elaphus) (detected in 96% of scat samples), European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) (68%), and wild boar (Sus scrofa) (45%). A smaller portion of their diet consisted of mesocarnivores, small mammals, and domestic animals. In contrast, the lynx diet mostly consisted of European roe deer (82%) and red deer (64%). However, small mammals and domestic animals were also present in the lynx diet, albeit to a lesser extent.
Conclusions
Our findings indicate that the dietary habits of wolves and lynx are influenced by geographical location and prey availability. Snapshot dietary analyses using metabarcoding are valuable for comprehending the behaviour and ecology of predators and for devising conservation measures aimed at sustainable management of both their natural habitats and prey populations. However, to gain a more detailed understanding of wolf and lynx dietary habits and ecological impact, it would be essential to conduct long-term genetic monitoring of their diet.
Ceftriaxone modulates ubiquitination of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4- isoxazole propionic acid receptors to improve long-term potentiation impairment induced by exogenous β-amyloid in a glutamate transporter-1 dependent manner
Authors: Jiang Rui , Li Li , Wang Bu , Liu Lizhe , Liu Lirong , Xian Xiaohui , Li Wen-Bin
Published: November 2023

α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors (AMPARs) are crucial for properties of synaptic plasticity, such as long-term potentiation (LTP). LTP impairment can occur early in the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The downregulation or decreased abundance of AMPAR expression in the postsynaptic membrane is closely associated with LTP impairment. Ceftriaxone (Cef) can improve LTP impairment in the early stages of AD in a mouse model. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism underlying this process from the aspects of AMPAR expression and ubiquitination degree. In this study, we found that β-amyloid (Aβ) treatment induced hippocampal LTP impairment and AMPAR downregulation and ubiquitination. Cef pretreatment ameliorated Aβ-induced hippocampal LTP impairment, reduced AMPAR ubiquitination, and increased AMPAR expression, especially in the plasma membrane, in Aβ-treated mice. Administration of USP46 siRNA and DHK (a specific blocker of glutamate transporter-1) significantly inhibited the above effects of Cef, suggesting a role for anti-AMPAR ubiquitination and upregulation of glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) in the Cef-induced improvements mentioned above. The above findings demonstrate that pretreatment with Cef effectively mitigated Aβ-induced impairment of hippocampal LTP by suppressing the ubiquitination process of AMPARs in a GLT-1-dependent manner. These results provide novel insights into the underlying mechanisms elucidating the anti-AD by Cef.
Restorative preferences and choices for endodontically treated teeth: a representative survey in China
Authors: Li Wenhui , Zheng Ziting , Zeng Yuting , Zhou Zhiyan , Xiao Ping , Zhong Xincen , Yan Wenjuan
Published: November 2023

Background
The optimal protocol for restoring endodontically treated teeth (ETT) remains unclear due to various considerations such as coronal restoration type, and the amount of remaining coronal structure. This study aims to compare Chinese dental practitioners with different training backgrounds in their approach to ETT restoration and their preferences and opinions on using endocrowns.
Methods
Attitudes and preferences of Chinese dental practitioners towards the restoration of ETT were explored in this survey study. Data were collected using an online questionnaire and analyzed by the Chi-square test and multiple response frequencies analysis. P-values less than 0.05 were deemed statistically significant.
Results
A total of 400 responses were collected, including 230 females (57.50%) and 170 males (42.50%). The main consideration for restoration strategy was residual tooth structure, according to 26.11%. For ETT with four residual walls, 40.75% chose a full crown, while for ETT with one residual wall, 61.75% opted for a post-and-core system and only 14.50% chose an endocrown. 56.25% of participants had used endocrown in clinical practice. Endocrown was preferred in cases of insufficient occlusal space (41.88%). 63.75% considered endocrown a potential alternative treatment for ETT. A strong correlation between continuous education, clinical experience, and the recognition and usage of endocrowns (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
The amount of remaining tooth structure is crucial in determining the optimal restorative approach. Endocrown emerges as promising, particularly for patients with insufficient occlusal space. However, a comparatively low adoption rate of endocrowns among younger, less educated, and less experienced participants emphasizes the need for incorporating endocrown into dental curricula or continuing education programs.
The Association of Maternal Depression with Short-Chain Fatty Acid-Producing Gut Microbiota and the Japanese Diet’s Influence
Authors: Matsunaga Michiko , Takeuchi Mariko , Watanabe Satochi , Takeda Aya , Hagihara Keisuke , Myowa Masako
Published: November 2023

The prevalence of postpartum mental illness is steadily increasing, exacerbated particularly by the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent studies indicate that maternal depression is no longer confined to the perinatal period, necessitating long-term assessment, and support for maternal mental health. Identifying risk factors for mothers’ depression is thus critical and requires development of integrated mental and physical health care that encompasses not only psychological aspects but also gut microbiota, physical condition, and eating habits. Western countries have examined the association between gut microbiota and depression in clinical samples. However, studies focusing on postpartum mothers are still limited, and moreover, no large-scale studies have yet been conducted with nonclinical participants. To address this gap, we investigated gut microbiota, physical condition, and dietary habits associated with risk of depression in nonclinical Japanese mothers. We found that microbiota diversity (Shannon α) and relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria (e.g., Lachnospira, Faecalibacterium, Lachnoclostridium) with 16S rRNA gene-sequencing analysis were associated with high risk of depression. Furthermore, even among nonclinical mothers, high-risk mothers showed poorer sleep quality, worse physical condition, and lower consumption of staple foods, milk, cheese, yogurt, and lactobacillus beverages compared to low-risk (healthy) mothers. Evaluation of dietary habits using the Japanese Dietary Index (JDI) suggested that consumption of a Japanese-style diet is beneficial to physical and mental health, including intestinal microbiota (e.g., Agathobacter, Subdoligranulum).