bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Filmar a postura, mostrar o antimovimento e revelar uma dimensão ritual nas técnicas do corpo
Authors: Lourdou Philippe , Freire Marcius
Published: September 2021

Segundo Marcel Mauss, estudar o comportamento do corpo humano passa, obrigatoriamente, pela descrição das formas como este se desenvolve no tempo e no espaço. Parece evidente que as imagens em movimento constituem o suporte mais apropriado para levar a cabo essa importante etapa do processo investigativo. No entanto, sabemos que, diferentemente da linguagem escrita, em que é possível privilegiar no decalque daquilo que está sendo observado apenas os aspectos que interessam a quem observa, o suporte fílmico apreende um amálgama indistinto de elementos indissociáveis. Perguntamo-nos, então, como proceder para realçar, enfatizar aqueles que efetivamente concernem os objetivos da descrição. A resposta encontra-se na estratégia de mise-en-scène de que vai lançar mão o cineasta para efetuar o seu registro. Para ilustrar o tipo de problema que as técnicas do corpo podem apresentar ao observador munido de uma câmera cinematográfica, buscaremos expor, nas linhas que seguem, aquele que é, parece-nos, o mais candente: filmar a postura.
Práticas feministas em torno do direito ao aborto na Argentina:
Authors: Lauterbach Gabriela , Delajustine Ana Claudia , Burton Julia
Published: September 2021

O aborto na Argentina é uma prática tipificada pelo código penal como crime contra a vida, ainda que existam duas exceções não puníveis: quando a gravidez é resultado de um estupro ou quando pressupõe um risco para a saúde da mulher e não pode ser evitado por outros meios. Apesar disso, quando uma mulher engravida e não deseja a gestação recorre à diferentes mecanismos para interromper o processo gestacional. Assim, desde a década de 1980, na Argentina, o movimento feminista e de mulheres têm se organizado de diferentes formas e formado grupos e coalizões diversas para reivindicar o aborto legal. Neste artigo proponho traçar um caminho sobre algumas dessas experiências de articulação que nutrem a existência da Campanha Nacional pelo Direito ao Aborto Legal, Seguro e Gratuito. Finalmente, me interessa particularizar, uma forma inovadora de organização de ações coletivas em relação ao aborto, o surgimento das Socorristas em Rede (Feministas que abortamos).
Novos repertórios, velhas moralidades:
Authors: Andrade Coitinho Filho Ricardo , Andrade Rinaldi Alessandra
Published: September 2021

Neste artigo, analisamos questões que emergem na intersecção entre juventudes, sexualidades, gêneros e HIV/aids, a partir das intervenções biotecnológicas que incidem, enquanto política de saúde global, sobre jovens vivendo com HIV/Aids. Desta forma, noções relativas à saúde, cuidado de si, exercício da sexualidade e projeção de vida são moralmente relacionadas e produzem nexos políticos sobre um “HIV saudável”. Partindo do panorama da produção de uma “nova cultura preventiva em HIV/aids”, os dados da etnografia realizada com membros de uma rede de jovens do Rio de Janeiro acenam para a produção de novos repertórios pedagógicos sobre viver com HIV/Aids, quando atingida indetectabilidade viral, enquanto condição máxima da sorologia. Isto é, quando identidades, discursos e práticas sociais, ao serem reordenadas, produzem racionalidades e corporalidades ideais. A maternidade, é neste contexto, tomada como um caso exemplar, e provoca problematizar a relação entre identidades, moralidades sexuais e autonomia feminina sobre o corpo e o prazer sexual, num cenário que tem por objetivo maior a politização de “experiências bem-sucedidas”.
O Turismo em Tempos de Ajustes
Authors: A. César Dachary Alfredo , M. Arnaiz Burne Stella , César Arnaiz Fernanda
Published: September 2021

Este documento visa levantar, de forma geral, as mudanças prioritárias que seriam dadas ao turismo como modelo e as bases teóricas que inicialmente identificamos, como adaptações já integradas ao modelo que se define como pós-pandêmico - nova crise global. Começamos definindo as questões prioritárias, para as teorias que as sustentam a fim de alcançar uma abordagem preliminar, a base para um estudo subseqüente e coletivo de longo prazo. Portanto, não é coincidência que nossas conclusões tentem apresentar cenários novos ou alternativos, já que o turismo pós-pandêmico será, como toda a sociedade, diferente. O turismo não está morto, como alguns prevêem, é a distância que vai mudar como expressão de uma nova relação social em uma sociedade controlada digitalmente e um mundo que terá uma memória do Covid-19 que é muito difícil de esquecer. 

Palavras-chave: Turismo; Pandemia; Crise global.
"O Império dos Sentidos": romance e sexualidade em contexto turístico de sol e mar
Authors: França Milene , Marques João Filipe
Published: September 2021

O romance e a sexualidade parecem ser ainda uma espécie de tabu no domínio da pesquisa em turismo. A maior parte da literatura produzida até ao momento consiste em analisar (e denunciar) as práticas de sexo comercial em destinos turísticos. No entanto, é necessário assumir que as atividades sexuais durante a viagem turística nem sempre envolvem características negativas, como a prostituição, a exploração, o tráfico de seres humanos ou a pedofilia, como as que tendem a ser descritas no interior do "paradigma do turismo sexual". Uma análise séria da articulação entre turismo, amor e sexualidade implica uma perspetiva mais nuanceada da realidade. Por outras palavras, esta articulação estende-se muito para além dos limites estreitos do que tem vindo a ser designado por «turismo sexual», uma vez que a maioria das relações sexuais em contexto turístico é positiva e não pecuniária. Os resultados deste estudo, provenientes de uma abordagem metodológica mista, confirmam a forte relação entre o período de férias e a disponibilidade para o sexo e para o romance fora do “paradigma do turismo sexual”, num dos destinos de sol e mar mais reconhecidos da Europa - o Algarve (Sul de Portugal). A natureza liminar do turismo desempenha um papel importante nas relações íntimas, seja em casais de longa duração ou em relacionamentos iniciados no destino. No entanto, as respostas às perguntas da pesquisa mostram padrões diferentes de acordo com o género dos respondentes e outras características individuais.

Palabras-chave: Turismo, Sexo, Paradigma do Turismo Sexual, Romance, Liminaridade, Género, Duplo Padrão Sexual.
O Campo Turístico: uma perspectiva sócio-política para estudar a ação e sua estruturação
Authors: Pimentel Thiago Duarte
Published: September 2021

Este artigo reúne e sistematiza desenvolvimentos anteriores realizados pelo autor com base no conceito de campo turístico, assim como explora algumas de suas implicações, em particular, para lidar com o problema da ação e interação social –dos diferentes agentes, sejam eles individuais ou coletivos–. A abordagem da teoria dos campos sociais para lidar com as ações e interações que ocorrem em um campo social empiricamente determinado - neste caso, o campo turístico - parece fornecer um modelo teórico capaz de compreender e explicar esta realidade, uma vez considerados os fatores internos e externos dos mesmos, sobrepondo-se aos modelos tradicionais, em particular os econômicos - sejam eles de oferta ou de demanda - que baseiam suas explicações em uma parte dos fatores. Enquanto a reprodução social do campo se explica pela tendência à conservação do capital, sobretudo, ligada a um pequeno grupo de atores que tende a determinar a direção da atividade de acordo com seus interesses privados, marginalizando a ação dos grupos mais fracos; a mudança social está geralmente relacionada à inclusão de novos agentes, capital ou estratégias de ação, o que implica na redistribuição coletiva dos capitais historicamente acumulados. A ênfase estritamente econômica dada à atividade pode ser superada pela existência de outros tipos de capital - social, cultural, ambiental, etc. - e suas implicações na conformação da estrutura do campo e no posicionamento dos agentes no mesmo.

Palavras-chave: Bourdieu; Turismo; Campo Turístico; Ação coletiva organizada.
Matéria Escorregadia
Authors: Cardoso Leite Everton
Published: September 2021

O presente ensaio visual procura apresentar o trabalho Matéria Escorregadia que faz parte da minha pesquisa junto ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Artes Visuais, na linha Processos de Criação e Poéticas do Cotidiano, PPGAV/UFPEL. O mote da pesquisa concentra-se em meu processo de criação, desenvolvida em diferentes linguagens e que têm sido criada a partir de arquivos compostos e criados por mim, junto a narrativas e memórias ligadas a minha casa. Para a reflexão e diálogo abordarei questões sobre a casa exploradas a partir dos autores Gaston Bachelard (2000), Matilde Campilho (2015) e Tania Mara Galli Fonseca (2005).
Batuque: da resistência à música de concerto.
Authors: Rocha de Almeida Magalhães Maristela
Published: September 2021

Os rituais do batuque foram desenvolvidos no Brasil pelos escravos e afrodescendentes. Além de nome genérico para intitular religiosidade, danças e ritmos de origem africana, de espaço simbólico, de resistência contra as perseguições e repreensões da sociedade escravocrata dominada pelo catolicismo, o batuque é tratado, neste artigo, como uma manifestação que passa do sagrado ao profano, adentrando a música de concerto. Escolhemos para este trabalho “Dança de Negros”, do compositor cearense Alberto Nepomuceno, composta em 1887 e integrada à “Série Brasileira” com o título “Batuque”, posteriormente. Faremos uma análise da peça e apontaremos, segundo nossa perspectiva, a influência do batuque nessa obra para piano
A trajetória e experiência de trabalho de dançarinas Afro-brasileiras na França
Authors: Reis Cacilda
Published: September 2021

Diversos são os motivos da migração (pessoais, familiares, sociais, econômicos e políticos) e os fatores que acabam interferindo nesse processo são os mais variados. Desse modo, este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre a trajetória de dançarinas afro-brasileiras na França, observando como se deram esses fluxos migratórios e a vivência dessa experiência. Busca-se explicitar nesse contexto como se manifesta a intersecção das relações de gênero, raça e classe. Da mesma maneira, procura-se conhecer quais as singularidades do campo artístico e de que forma essas profissionais se inscrevem no mercado de trabalho no referido país. Metodologicamente, o estudo baseia-se em uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, sendo os dados obtidos por meio da etnografia, mediante observação participante e entrevista. Em se tratando das dançarinas brasileiras, oriundas de Salvador, Bahia, o processo migratório, analisado a partir das redes de interações e interdependências, tanto no país de origem quanto no de destino, foi acionado como estratégia para romper com o círculo de pobreza. Além disso, essas mulheres almejavam ascensão social e o reconhecimento social e profissional. As narrativas demonstraram que a concretização dos sonhos, alimentados pelo processo migratório, foi alcançada por algumas das dançarinas baianas e, no caso de outras, não ocorreu na dimensão que almejavam. Constatou-se ainda que as configurações do mercado de trabalho para estas profissionais que desejam sobreviver da arte são distintas no Brasil e na França, em decorrência de questões sociais, culturais, econômicas e de políticas públicas que marcam profundamente os dois países pesquisados.
Особенности энергетической структуры и оптических свойств квантовых точек
сульфида кадмия, синтезированных с помощью технологии Ленгмюра-Блоджетт
Authors: Свит К.А. , Зарубанов А.А. , Журавлев К.С.
Published: September 2021

Квантовые точки (КТ) из полупроводниковых материалов группы А2В6 в настоящее время уже
нашли практическое применение в дисплеях, где они используются как в качестве активного
светоизлучающего элемента, так и в виде люминофора. Однако, дальнейшее развитие технологии на
основе КТ требует повышения значения квантового выхода приборов на их основе. Для получения
высокого квантового выхода важнейшим элементом является понимание энергетической структуры
КТ, которая определяется материалом и геометрией КТ точки, кристаллической структурой, а также
состоянием ее поверхности.
Детектирование ТГц волн в кристаллах GaSe:S с помощью фемтосекундных лазерных
импульсов на длине волны 1550 нм
Authors: Шевченко О. Н. , Николаев Н. А. , Кох К. А.
Published: September 2021

Особый интерес для инженерии устройств прикладной оптики в ТГц диапазоне частот представляет
разработка эффективных детекторов излучения методами нелинейной оптики. Цель данной работы
заключается в исследовании одного из таких детекторов – кристаллов Ga50%Se50-x%Sx%, где x принимает
значения: 0, 1.5, 6, 8, 11, на эффективность детектирования ТГц волн в телекоммуникационном
диапазоне (1550 нм).
Образцы для исследований были изготовлены в ИГиМ СО РАН. Атомное вхождение серы
определялось методом ЭДС СЭМ.
Также, на базе ИАиЭ СО РАН был собран ТГц спектрометр с генерацией лазерного излучения на
длине волны 1550 нм. В работе проведено сравнение эффективности детектирования терагерцового
поля в вышеупомянутом ряде кристаллов и приведено сравнение с наиболее распространенным
детектором для длин волн 1550 нм – кристаллом GaAs.
Предварительные результаты демонстрируют, что наибольшей чувствительностью обладает
кристалл детектора GaSe с процентным содержанием серы в количестве 6%, а также падение
чувствительности детектора на основе Ga50%Se44%S6% относительно GaAs на 25 % с учетом потерь на
переотражение. Впервые произведена оценка электрооптического коэффициента для кристаллов GaSe
(для длин волн 1550 нм), для наиболее чувствительного кристалла r33=2,36 пм/В.
L-Carnitine Improves Cytoprotection during Cryopreservation: A case study on Nili-Ravi Buffalo Sperm
Authors: Qadeer Saima , Ejaz Rabea , Husna Asma Ul , Azam Asima , Rubab Syeda Laila , Nabi Ghulam , Ullah Sana , Akhter Shamim
Published: September 2021

The current study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidative effect of L-Carnitine at post thawing following cryopreservation of Nili-Ravi buffalo sperm. For this purpose, semen from three buffalo bulls were collected for 3 weeks using an artificial vagina (N=18; replicates). The qualified ejaculates were diluted employing tris-citric acid extender i.e., control did not receive any L-Carnitine and experimental groups having 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ng/mL of L-carnitine at 37 C with approximately 50 x 106 sperm/mL. The semen was cooled at 4 C and then equilibrated (4 hours), filled in straws (0.5 mL) at4 C, placed on LN2 vapours for 10 min, and kept into an LN2 container. The thawed semen was evaluated for post-thaw quality. The integrity of the sperm plasma membrane and motility (P?0.05) was highest in the extenders having 1.0 ng/mL of L-carnitine as compared to the control(received no L-Carnitine). However, sperm chromatin integrity and viability(live sperm with intact acrosome) remained similar. It was concluded that supplementing 1.0 ng/mL L-Carnitine of extender can improve the post-thaw quality of cryopreserved sperm. Based on the results of the current experiments it is recommended to include L-carnitine extender to improve post-thaw quality of buffalo sperm in terms of its motility and integrity ofits plasma membrane.

Keywords: Buffalo, Sperm, Cryopreservation, Extender, L-Carnitine, Artificial insemination.
Stable Vesicle Production from Bacterial Total Lipid Extracts
Authors: Fatima Sana , Malkani Naila , Muzammal Muhammad , Khan Asghar Ali , Usama Muhammad
Published: September 2021

The current study aims to produce stable liposomes from total lipid extracts from bacteria. Liposomes are the small vesicles that are made up of lipids. On their structural basis, they can be considered as simplified cell structure of cell membrane. Structure of liposomes depends on the pH of preparation buffer, method of preparation and the environmental condition in which they are prepared. Liposomes have importance in the field of medicines for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. They mainly work as a vehicle for drug delivery. The objective of the current study was to make stable liposomes from two types of bacterial samples i.e., a Gram-positive and a Gram-negative strain. E. coli and Bacillus sp. were selected as representative of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively. Lipid extraction was performed by various methods, out of which the modified Bligh and Dyer method gave most effective results. Liposomes were prepared by extrusion and their stability and efficiency was tested by fluorescence spectrophotometer using OxanolVI. Our results showed that liposomes formed by lipids extracted from E. coli were more stable than the liposomes formed by lipids extracted from Bacillus sp.

Keywords: liposomes, Lipids, diagnostic, therapeutic, purposes, fluorescence, Bacillus sp.
Isolation and Purification of Thrombolytic Enzyme Extracted from Earthworm Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Bakhtawer  , malik Muhammad Faheem , Afsheen Sumera
Published: September 2021

The Cardiovascular disease due to thrombus (clot) formation is the major factor of death throughout the world. Earthworms being the eco engineers has thrombolytic enzyme that can be used for thrombolysis. The thrombolytic enzyme was isolated and purified from supernatant of earthworm Apporectodea longa by column chromatography. Six Strain BKT 11, BKT 15, BKT 17, BKT 26, BKT 27 and BKT 28 shows the thrombolytic activity 791.64 U/mg, 1362.39 U/mg, 1205.4 U/mg, 710.63 U/mg, 529.66 U/mg and 625.00 U/mg respectively. Thrombolytic activity was confirmed by blood clot lysis method. Different concentrations 50 ?l,100 ?l, 150 ?l, 200 ?l and 250 ?l of extracted enzyme were applied on 25mg of wet blood clot along with control where distill water used. These fractions of extracted enzymes represent the dissolution of clot (thrombolysis). The molecular weight 32 KDa was determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Results show that extracted elute have potential of fibrinolytic activity in this specie of earthworm and it can serve as a suitable therapeutic agent.

Keywords: Thrombolytic activity, Casein plate assay, Blood clot lysis, spectrophotometry, Gel electrophoresis.
Increased pollution due to COVID-19 pandemic and bioremediation: A dire need of management
Authors: Khan Malali
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of the effects of COVID-19 on macro-plastic pollution and to consider short-term and long-term scenarios for its possible environmental and human health consequences and to discuss possible strategies to address and overcome key challenges. It was emphasized that, whether or not they are involved in a healthy health crisis, future actions should reflect the balance between public health and environmental protection, as there is no doubt that they are interrelated with bioremediation and microbial metabolism in the presence of optimal environmental conditions. Bioremediation uses natural and psychological microorganisms to break down toxic and harmful substances aerobically and anaerobically. It can be handled by a mixed microbial consortium or pure microbial strains on site (in situ) or off site (in the case of case) Phyto therapy or even natural care. Nutrients suitable for impurities, especially petroleum hydrocarbons are researched technologies for us, for this a biotechnological approach designed for bioremediation and observation. COVID 19 Pandemic pushed the world into a new challenge of waste management. In general, physicochemical technologies are used, which allow for proper ecological biomedical processes. Some bacteria are mobile, feel the contamination, and move towards it to neutralize it. This review emphasizes on current pollution, which is result of COVID 19 pandemic, as people follow use and discard strategies for different things which is a threat to our environment.

Keywords: Environment, waste management, COVID 19.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Vancomycin: The Relationship Between Trough Plasma Concentration and Creatinine Clearance
Authors: Salahshoor Mohammad Ali , Kurd Masoumeh , Taher Abbas , Ataei Sara , Heidary Shayesteh Omid , Derakhshandeh Katayoun
Published: September 2021

Background: In this study which was conducted in Besat hospital (Hamadan, Iran), the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of vancomycin (VAN) was carried out based on the quantification of VAN trough in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Methods: The study population was selected from ICU patients treated by intravenous VAN. To determine VAN trough, blood samples were taken from patients before the fourth dose. Then, trough concentrations were determined by newly developed high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and compared with the conventional method of immunoassay. Twenty patients were included based on the aim of the study. Results: The mean value of the trough for the studied patients was 26.31±18.05 μg/mL. For 16 (80%) patients, trough levels were found to be less than 10 μg/mL. For 12 (60%) patients, creatinine clearance was less than 90 mL/min and more than 120 mL/min. The mean value of creatinine clearance for the studied patients was 95.49± 25.74 mL/min. Based on the results, there was a significant relationship between VAN trough concentration and creatinine clearance (P=0.045). Conclusion: In general, the HPLC method is more sensitive than immunoassay for the determination of VAN in plasma samples. However, VAN dosing based on creatinine clearance is not enough for achieving the goal trough level but measuring the creatinine clearance and trough concentration are considered as vital aspects for the TDM of VAN.
Pathological Indicators for Reporting Gastric Malignancies in a Hospital in Yazd
Authors: Ansari Kazem , Jafari Mehran , Akhlaghi Milad , Teabpour Mohammad , Moghimi Mansour
Published: September 2021

Background: Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers and is one of the most frequent causes of cancer death worldwide. In recent years, there has been a great deal of emphasis on the use of pathology reporting standards. Therefore, the aim of this study was how to report the pathological indicators of gastric malignancies in samples sent to the Pathology Department of Shahid Sadoughi hospital in Yazd in Iran in 2016-2018. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 174 patients. Study variables including age and gender, type of biopsy, the extent of gastric tissue involvement, exact anatomical location, tumor size, histological grading, invasion of surrounding tissues, and lymph node metastasis were extracted from patients’ records. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22. Frequency and percentage were reported using descriptive statistics and Chi-square/Fisher’s exact test for qualitative variables and independent sample t-test for quantitative variables. Finally, graphs were drawn using Excel 2010. Results: Out of 174 participants, 63.8% were females (n = 111). Most reports were related to the histology of adenocarcinoma (n = 136, P=78.20), tumor size (n = 89, P=51.15), and anatomical exact location (n = 90, P=51.70), respectively. Regarding the exact anatomical location of 90 patients, most reports were related to the antrum (n = 38, P=42.23). The highest prevalence of histological type of adenocarcinoma was related to poorly differentiated cases (n = 57, P=41.94). Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the method of reporting pathological indicators in gastric malignancies in the studied cases was somewhat appropriate.
Switching of Hashimoto Thyroiditis Into Graves’ Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Maksoud Rajab , Maksoud Nour , Wannous Lubana , Almousa Samaher
Published: September 2021

Background: Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) and Graves’ disease (GD) are autoimmune inflammatory thyroid disorders. The evolution from GD into HT is the most common scenario while the conversion from HT into GD seems to be less common. Case Presentation: A 20-year-old female patient referred to the endocrinology clinic with a three-month history of fatigue, lethargy, lack of appetite, constipation, menorrhagia, cold intolerance, and 5 kg weight gain in the last two months. Clinical examination showed dry skin, scalp hair loss, and painless hard goiter whereas thyroid ultrasound revealed generalized homogeneous hypoechoic thyroid hypertrophy. Laboratory tests demonstrated increased serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 210 µIU/L (normal: 0.25-4.50), decreased free thyroxine (FT4) 0.37 ng/L (normal: 0.8-1.8) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) 1.94 pg/mL (normal: 1.8-4.6), and finally, increased thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO) 462 IU/mL (normal: up to 34). Based on observations, HT was diagnosed and thus daily treatment with levothyroxine 75 mcg was started for the patient. Two months later, she referred with symptoms suggestive of hyperthyroidism with reduced TSH levels, which did not improve after levothyroxine cessation, thus more laboratory tests were conducted and revealed decreased TSH levels, increased T3 and T4, and TSH receptor stimulating antibody (TSAb)levels, and increased radioactive iodine uptake at 24 hours. Therefore, the diagnosis of GD was made. Five weeks after treatment, she was in full remission. Conclusion: Although the switch from HT into GD is rare, it can occur at any time during the disease. Nonetheless, early diagnosis and treatment would improve the quality of care.
Prioritizing ‘equity’ in COVID-19 vaccine distribution through Global Health Diplomacy
Authors: Singh Bawa , Chattu Vijay Kumar
Published: September 2021

With over 4 million deaths worldwide, the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)pandemic is regarded as one of the worst pandemics in history. With its wider devastating consequences, even so-called affluent countries could not provide full coverage for COVID-19vaccines and medications to all of their citizens. Against this backdrop, the main aim of this article is to examine how Global Health Diplomacy (GHD) can play a role in prioritizing vaccine equity in the global health agenda in the fight against COVID-19. The majority of developed countries’ healthcare systems have been exposed and have reached a tipping point.After the completion of eighteen months of the pandemic, only five countries were able to produce vaccines for the treatment of COVID-19. This pandemic has divided the world into two blocs: those with vaccines, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia, China, and India; and those without, such as the rest of the world. The greatest challenges are vaccine inequalities, inequities and distribution, which undermine the global economic recovery. Many poor countries are still waiting for the initial doses to be delivered to their citizens, while some rich nations are planning for booster doses. GHD plays a critical role in establishing successful global collaborations, funding mechanisms and ensuring international cooperation through the combined efforts of all stakeholders. Besides, global solidarity is necessary to lessen the wider gaps between the vaccination status of rich and poor nations. Therefore, through GHD, the vaccine gaps and inequities can be addressed to strengthen global health security and accelerate global economic recovery.
Systematic evaluation of COVID-19 related Internet health rumors during the breaking out period of COVID-19 in China
Authors: Ge Pu , Liu Jin , Han Xiao , Wei Shu-ting , He Xi-zhe , Tang Ying , Xu Xin , Wang Sheng-yuan , Bian Ying , Wu Yibo
Published: September 2021

Background: To adapt the scientific evaluation tool for the confusion evaluation of health rumors and to test this tool to the confusion evaluation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related health rumors on Chinese online platforms during the outbreak period of COVID-19in China. Methods: The design of our study was systematic evaluation of COVID-19-related health rumors. Retrieved from 7 rumor-repellent platforms, rumors about COVID-19 were collected during the publication from December 1, 2019, to February 6, 2020, and their origins were traced. Researchers evaluated rumors using the confusion evaluation tool in 6 dimensions(creators, evidence selection, evidence evaluation, evidence application, backing and publication platform, conflict of interest). Items were scored using a seven-point Likert scale. The scores were converted into percentages, and the median of rumors from different sources was compared with rank-sum test. Results: Our research included 127 rumors. Scores were converted to percentages, median and interquartile range are used to describe the data. The median score: creators 25.00%(interquartile range, IQR, 16.67-37.50%), evidence selection 27.78% (IQR, 13.89-44.44%),evidence evaluation 33.33% (IQR, 25.00-45.83%), evidence application 36.11% (IQR, 22.22-47.22%), backing and publication platform 8.33% (IQR, 4.17-20.83%), conflict of interest75.00% (IQR, 50.00-83.33%). Almost 40% rumors came from WeChat and the rumors with the lowest scores were concentrated on the WeChat platform. The rumors about prevention methods have relatively lower scores. Conclusion: Most rumors included were not highly confusing for evaluators of this project.WeChat is the "worst-hit area" of COVID-19 related health rumors. More than half rumors focus on the description of prevention methods, which reflects the panic, anxiety and blind conformity of the public under public health emergencies.
The effect of a maternal mentoring program on the timing of first antenatal care visit among pregnant women in Bantul, Indonesia: Results of a cluster randomized trial
Authors: Paratmanitya Yhona , Helmyati Siti , Nurdiati Detty Siti , Lewis Emma C. , Gittelsohn Joel , Hadi Hamam
Published: September 2021

Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is low in developing countries, with an estimated 20% of Indonesian women not initiating ANC during the first trimester. The present study sought to determine the impact of a mentoring program on the timing of the first ANC visit. Methods: This cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in 3 subdistricts of the Bantul District, divided into 61 clusters per treatment arm, with a final sample size of 205 confirmed pregnant women. The mentoring program consisted of (1) health education, (2) monitoring, and (3) text-message reminders. The primary outcome was the timing of first ANC visit. A multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression model was used to measure the effect of the program on the likelihood of having an earlier first ANC visit, with statistical significance at α=0.05. Results: At the individual-level, the intervention group had a mean time of first ANC visit±2 days earlier than the control group (P<0.05). After adjusted for cluster and other covariates, the odds of starting the first ANC visit early (<39 days of gestation) was higher in the intervention group (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.00; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17-7.72). Conclusion: Maternal mentoring can improve the timing of the first ANC visit. This program has the potential to be adopted by health care systems in settings where there is little education on the importance of ANC. Future research could extend the length of mentorship until delivery in order to better understand the relationship between mentorship and early ANC on pregnancy outcomes.
Factors related to dietary habits, energy drink consumption, and physical activity in marginalized Palestinian schools: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Amer Sami , Kateeb Elham
Published: September 2021

Background: The current study assessed different dietary habits, energy drinks intake, body mass index (BMI) and physical activity and associated factors among Palestinian adolescents attending marginalized schools. Methods: A cross-sectional study targeted a random sample of 1480 students in the sixth andninth grades attending 20 marginalized public schools in the West Bank area of the occupied Palestinian Territories (oPt). Students were interviewed in-person by trained senior dental students about their dietary habits, physical activity, fathers’ employment and mothers’ level of education. Weight and height were measured, and BMI percentile was calculated. Descriptive statistics were generated for the study’s main variables and the dependent variables were compared by grade, gender, mothers’ level of education and father’s employment. Results: A total of 1282 students (98% response) completed the questionnaire. Of them, 6%were ‘underweight’ (fifth percentile or under) and 34% were ‘overweight’ or ‘obese’ (85thpercentile or over). Ninth graders had more added sugar than 6th graders (P=0.002), less frequent milk consumption (P<0.001), more frequent energy drink consumption (P=0.001),and less physical activity (P<0.0001). Frequency of carbonated and sweetened drink consumption was associated with being overweight or obese (P=0.016, P=0.001). Frequency of carbonated drinks consumption was higher among children of mothers with a high school level of education or less (P<0.001). In addition, children of mothers educated to high school level or below were associated with being underweight (P=0.05). Conclusion: Dietary habits and physical activity get worse between the ages of 12 and 15. Mothers’ level of education is an important factor in being overweight or underweight. Energy drink consumption among boys and milk consumption among girls are two challenges that need to be addressed urgently and adequately.
Opisthorchiasis: An Emerging Foodborne Helminthic Zoonosis of Public Health Significance
Authors: Pal Mahendra , Ketchakmadze Dimitri , Durglishvili Nino
Published: September 2021

Opisthorchiasis is an emerging foodborne parasitic zoonosis that has been reported from developing as well as developed nations of the world. Globally, around 80 million people are at risk of acquiring Opisthorchis infection. The source of infection is exogenous, and ingestion is considered as the primary mode of transmission. Humans get the infection by consuming raw or undercooked fish. In most cases, the infection remains asymptomatic. However, in affected individuals, the clinical manifestations are manifold. Occasionally, complications including cholangitis, cholecystitis, and cholangiocarcinoma are observed. The people who have the dietary habit of eating raw fish usually get the infection. Certain occupational groups, such as fishermen, agricultural workers, river fleet employees, and forest industry personnel are mainly infected with Opisthorchis. The travelers to the endemic regions who consume raw fish are exposed to the infection. Parasitological, immunological, and molecular techniques are employed to confirm the diagnosis of disease. Treatment regimens include oral administration of praziquantel and albendazole. In the absence of therapy, the acute phase transforms into a chronic one that may persist for two decades. Presently, there is no vaccine available against Opisthorchis species. Elimination of human host reservoir can be achieved by the examination of stool and treatment of the positive cases. Consumption of thoroughly cooked fish, protection of water bodies, decontamination of sewage, dehelminthization of domestic carnivores, proper washing of hands and kitchen utensils after processing raw fish, and education of the people about the hazards of eating raw or undercooked fish are the practical strategies for the prevention of this emerging zoonotic helminthiasis.
Sleep Quality and Cancer-Related Fatigue in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Momayyezi Mahdieh , Fallahzadeh Hossein , Farzaneh Fatemeh , Momayyezi Mohammad
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Sleep problems and fatigue are common symptoms reported by cancer patients. In this study, the researchers used a specialized tool to measure fatigue in cancer patients and its relationship with sleep quality in Yazd, Iran. Methods: This descriptive correlational study included 149 cancer patients (age range: over 18 years) referred to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd, Iran. Data were collected by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Cancer-Related Fatigue Questionnaire. A PSQI score of ≥5 indicated a poor sleep. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 13.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), Pearson’s correlation, t test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and linear regression. Results: The mean (SD) PSQI score of patients was 13 (4.85) out of 21. About 69.3% of patients had a poor sleep quality. While the mean (SD) of sleep duration was 5.57 (0.54) hours, it was 69.44 (46.58) minutes for sleep latency. Also, with increasing the mean of sleep quality, the mean of fatigue significantly increased (P<0.001, R=0.63). Conclusion: According to the results, there was a relationship between the sleep quality and fatigue in cancer patients, so that patients with better sleep quality had less fatigue.
Follow-up Plan as a Necessity for Nursing Care: A Decrease of Stress in Mothers with their Children in Pediatric Surgical Units
Authors: Okhovat Forogh , Abdeyazdan Zahra , Namnabati Mahboobeh
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Children are vulnerable to damage. Health problems in children, especially if necessitate hospitalization, can cause stress in their parents that may persist even long after discharge. This study aimed to investigate the effect of implementing follow-up care plans on stress in mothers of children discharged from pediatric surgical units. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 64 mothers whose children were hospitalized in the surgical wards of two educational hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The participants were randomly assigned into two groups of control and experimental. The data collection tools included a demographic data questionnaire and stress response inventory (SRI). The interventions were performed using a four-stage follow-up care plan. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 13 and descriptive statistics, independent t-test, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and least significant difference (LSD) test. Results: The mean (SD) stress scores of the experimental group were 64.1 (28.8), 20.4 (12.4), and 11.6 (7.5) before, one week, and one month after the intervention, respectively. In the control group, these scores were 61.2 (29.2), 59.9 (25.5), and 46.7 (19.1), respectively. The results showed the mean score was significantly lower than that of the control group at one week and one month after the intervention in the experimental group. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that a follow-up care plan can decrease the stress levels of mothers as a continuity of patient care even after discharge.
Arundo donax L.: An overview on its traditional and ethnomedicinal importance, phytochemistry, and pharmacological aspects
Authors: Kumar Pardeep , Singh Sarvjeet , Sharma Aakash , Kaur Gunjot , Kaur Ravneet , Singh Anand Narain
Published: September 2021

Arundo donax L. (Giant reed) is a grass species belong to Poaceae family with a myriad of uses such as traditional and ethnomedicinal values, bioenergy, and socio-economic importance. The plant is used in conventional medicine to treat various disorders related to skin, gastrointestinal, skeletal, menstrual problems, respiratory and urinary diseases. The present review summarises the scattered information on socio-economic importance, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects of this plant. We conducted a rigorous literature survey using databases such as Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed entering keywords like A. donax, Giant reed, and Spanish reed, etc. Phytochemical investigations have identified several alkaloids, terpenoids, sterols, phenolics, and lignin derivatives. The isolated phytoconstituents are reported to exhibit multiple pharmacological activities such as anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-spasmolytic, and also used to treat helminthic infestations in cattle. However, the scientific validity of traditional practices to cure various diseases has not been correctly evaluated yet. Therefore, it is recommended to further investigate the plant for clinical trials to unleash its therapeutic importance towards chemical characterisation for drug discovery and development in the pharmacological field.
Medicinal importance of Kaempferia galanga L. (Zingiberaceae): A comprehensive review
Authors: Khairullah Aswin Rafif , Solikhah Tridiganita Intan , Ansori Arif Nur Muhammad , Hanisia Ristag Hamida , Puspitarani Gavrila Amadea , Fadholly Amaq , Ramandinianto Sancaka Cashyer
Published: September 2021

Kaempferia galanga included in the Zingiberaceae family is one of the potential medicinal plants with aromatic rhizome. In traditional medicine in Asian countries, this plant is widely used by local practitioners. This plant is widely cultivated in most Southeast Asian countries such as Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia. Ethyl-para-methoxycinnamate and ethyl-cinnamate are found as the main compounds in hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol extracts of K. galanga. This plant is traditionally used as an expectorant, stimulant, diuretic, carminative, and antipyretic remedy. In addition, K. galanga is used for treatment of diabetes, hypertension, cough, asthma, joint fractures, rheumatism, urticaria, vertigo, and intestinal injuries. Therefore, this study aimed to give a sneak peek view on galangal’s ethnobotany, toxicology, pharmacology, and phytochemistry.
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) calyx water extract ameliorates isoniazid and rifampicin induced liver and renal injuries in rats
Authors: Djabir Yulia Yusrini , Adnan Jumasni , Amalia Nurul , Ramli Nurfadillah , Sartini Sartini , Mamada Sukamto Salang , Usmar Usmar
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) calyces possess natural antioxidants that may provide therapeutic benefits. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Roselle calyx water extract against isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) induced liver and renal toxicities.Methods: Male Wistar rats (150-250 g) were designated into five groups: control group, INH-RIF group that was treated with INH-RIF at the toxic doses (50-100 mg/kg for 4 weeks, followed by 100-200 mg/kg for 2 weeks), and Roselle groups that were treated daily with Roselle extract at the doses 62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg, respectively prior to INH-RIF administration. Blood samples were withdrawn weekly for 6 weeks before removing rats’ livers and kidneys for tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and histopathological analysis.Results: The results showed all rats in the INH-RIF group experienced marked elevations of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea, creatinine, and tissue MDA levels compared to the controls (P<0.05). In contrast, these biomarkers were maintained at near-normal levels in Roselle extract groups. Significant inflammation and cellular degeneration were found in the liver and renal tissues of the INH-RIF group, which were noticeably reduced with Roselle extract pre-treatment at the dose of 250 mg/kg.Conclusion: It is concluded that Roselle calyx extract can provide protection against liver and renal toxicities induced by INH-RIF administration in rats.
Efficacy of extraoral suction devices in aerosol and splatter reduction during ultrasonic scaling: A laboratory investigation
Authors: Horsophonphong Sivaporn , Chestsuttayangkul Yada , Surarit Rudee , Lertsooksawat Wannee
Published: September 2021

Background. Ultrasonic scaling generates aerosols and splatters contaminated with microorganisms, increasing the risk of disease transmission in the dental office. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of extraoral suction (EOS) units in aerosol and splatter reduction during ultrasonic scaling. Methods. Ultrasonic scaling was conducted on a dental manikin headset to simulate a scaling procedure. Water containing Lactobacillus acidophilus at a concentration of 107 colony-forming units per milliliter and 1% fluorescein solution was used as the water supply of the scaler. The scaling procedure was conducted with a high-volume evacuator (HVE) or the combination of HVE and an EOS unit. de Man–Rogosa–Sharpe agar plates were placed at different distances surrounding the dental chair. Filter papers were placed at various positions surrounding the oral cavity and on areas of the body. Results. Bioaerosols were detected at every sampling site and could travel as far as 150 cm from the oral cavity. The combination of HVE and EOS significantly reduced the total number of bacterial colonies in the air (P<0.001). Dissemination of the stain was in the range of 20 cm from the oral cavity. The maximum contaminated surface area was at the 4 o’clock position from the oral cavity. The combination of EOS and HVE significantly reduced the contaminated area (P<0.05). The stain was also found on the wrists, chest, abdomen, and lap of the operator and assistant. The lap was the most contaminated area of the body. Conclusion. EOS was effective in reducing the bioaerosols and splatters generated during ultrasonic scaling.
Examining the quality of the competency-based evaluation program for dentistry based on the CIPP model: A mixed-method study
Authors: Bilan Nemat , Negahdari Ramin , Hazrati Hakimeh , Foroughi Moghaddam Saeid
Published: September 2021

Background. Continuing assessment of the quality of evaluation programs promotes the quality of exams and ensures learners’ accurate evaluation. This study aimed to examine the quality of the competency-based evaluation program for dentistry based on the context, input, process, and product (CIPP) model. Methods. In a mixed-methods study (quantitative-qualitative), dentistry students’ evaluation program using competency-based assessment methods was examined by dentistry professors based on the CIPP model and via a reliable and valid researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire had three sections on demographic information, evaluation questions, and open-ended questions. Descriptive statistics (mean and SD) were used to analyze the questionnaire items. Open-ended questions were analyzed by content analysis, and the quantitative part was analyzed using SPSS. Results. Twenty-five faculty members from the departments of orthodontics and dental prosthesis completed the questionnaires. The overall level of faculty members’ satisfaction with the new evaluation program was above average (54±17.02). They had the highest degree of satisfaction with output indices and the lowest degree with input indices. The analysis of the open-ended questions yielded two general categories of "providing the human and physical infrastructure" and "spiritual support and encouragement of educational innovation." Conclusion. The competency-based evaluation program needs the support of managers and planners. The faculty should provide the infrastructure for the implementation of these methods. By meeting the requirements, the professors will be motivated to implement these methods, and the paradigm can shift from traditional to novel evaluation methods.