bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ordinary Lives and the Sociological Character of Stress: How Work, Family, and Status Contribute to Emotional Inequality
Authors: Schieman Scott
Published: April 2019

It has been thirty years since the publication of Leonard Pearlin’s (1989) “The Sociological Study of Stress.” This classic work left an indelible mark, shaping the way the field thinks about stressors, their emotional consequences, and the factors that influence the nature of the links between stressors and outcomes. In this essay, I dialogue with that paper—not with a comprehensive summary of the field but rather with a sharper focus on a few core themes that have inspired the direction and current parameters of my scholarship.Pearlin’s theorizing and empirical work on social roles provides a foundation for the sociological study of stress and mental health. I describe the ways his ideas about role strains have influenced my thinking and development around themes like the Stress of Higher Status model, and I propose new directions for research on topics like distributive justice. Pearlin’s ideas hold a special place in the history of social stress research—and the many intellectual puzzles that he proposed remain and provide fertile terrain for advancing knowledge. A greater integration and synthesis of theory and evidence in the sociology of mental health, sociology of emotion, social psychology, stratification and work, occupations, and organizations will help guide such innovations.
Changing Dimensions of Intervention Under International Law: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Rattan Jyoti
Published: April 2019

The concept of intervention under international law is not new but is as old as the concept of state and was growing slowly and gradually since then. However, after World War II, the law of intervention developed rapidly. Historical analysis shows that states used to intervene in the internal affairs of other states. However, after the middle of 20th century, various developments took place resulting in shrinking of area of domestic jurisdiction. These led to changed concept of intervention under changing dimensions of international law giving rise to the question of legitimacy. Various instances of intervention have taken place since 1990s, which have raised eyebrows all over the globe. This article is a humble attempt to make an analysis of the concept of intervention and its legitimacy under the presently changing dimensions of international law.
Optimal Timing of Entry‐Level Otolaryngology Simulation
Authors: Kovatch Kevin J. , Wertz Aileen P. , Carle Taylor R. , Harvey Rebecca S. , Bohm Lauren A. , Thorne Marc C. , Malloy Kelly M.
Published: April 2019

Objective

Appropriate timing of subspecialty simulation is critical to maximize learner benefit and guide resource utilization. We aimed to determine optimal timing of a simulation‐based curriculum designed to teach entry‐level procedural skills for otolaryngology residency.

Study Design

Simulation curriculum intervention tested among 3 comparison groups of varying clinical levels.

Setting

Academic otolaryngology training program and medical school.

Subjects and Methods

We developed a simulation‐based technical skills curriculum incorporating the following task trainers: flexible laryngoscopy, peritonsillar abscess drainage, and myringotomy and tube insertion. Preclinical medical students (n = 40), subintern rotators (n = 35), and midyear interns (n = 8) completed the simulation‐based curriculum. Pre‐ and postintervention knowledge/confidence and “level appropriateness” were rated on a 5‐point Likert scale, and effect size was calculated.

Results

Overall self‐reported knowledge/confidence levels improved in all 3 groups preintervention (1.05, 2.15, 3.17) to postintervention (2.79, 3.45, 4.38, respectively; all P <. 01). Preclinical medical students uniformly reported very little to no familiarity with the procedures prior to the curriculum, while interns approached independence following the intervention. Large effect sizes were seen in all tasks for preclinical students (d = 3.13), subinterns (d = 1.46), and interns (d = 2.14). Five‐point Likert scale measures of level appropriateness (1 = too challenging, 5 = too easy) for preclinical students, subinterns, and interns were 2.70 (95% CI, 2.56‐2.84), 3.11 (95% CI, 2.97‐3.25), and 3.75 (95% CI, 3.35‐4.15), respectively.

Conclusion

Subinternship may represent the optimal timing for entry‐level skills simulation training. The proposed curriculum shows utility for clinical levels ranging from medical students to postgraduate year 1 resident levels, with large effect sizes for all tested groups.
The allocation of resources in the care for patients with panic disorder in Germany: an excess cost analysis informing policy and science
Authors: Brettschneider Christian , Bleibler Florian , Hiller Thomas S. , Konnopka Alexander , Breitbart Jörg , Margraf Jürgen , Gensichen Jochen , König Hans-Helmut ,   for the Jena-PARADISE Study-Group, Blank Wolfgang , Bleibler Florian , Breitbart Jörg , Brettschneider Christian , Freytag Antje , Gensichen Jochen , Hiller Thomas S. , Hoyer Heike , Huenges Bert , König Hans-Helmut , Mainz Armin , Margraf Jürgen , Sänger Sylvia , Schelle Mercedes , Schmidt Konrad , Schneider Nico , Schöne Elisabeth , Schumacher Ulrike , Sommer Michael , Teismann Tobias , Thiel Paul , Wensing Michel
Published: April 2019

Background

Panic disorder is a mental disorder of high prevalence, which frequently co-occurs with agoraphobia. There is a lack of studies measuring excess costs of panic disorder patients with and without agoraphobia. We compared costs of panic disorder patients with or without agoraphobia with costs of the anxiety-free population in Germany.

Methods

Primary data from a cluster-randomized trial of adults suffering from panic disorder (n = 419) and from a representative survey of the German general population (N = 5005) were collected between 2012 and 2014. Missing data from the cluster-randomized trial were first imputed by multiple imputation using chained equations and subsequently balanced with the data from the survey by Entropy Balancing. The societal perspective was chosen. Excess costs were calculated by generalized linear models and two-part-models.

Results

Entropy Balancing led to an exact match between the groups. We found 6-month total excess costs of 3220€ (95% CI 1917€–4522€) for panic disorder patients without agoraphobia and of 3943€ (95% CI 2950€–4936€) for patient with agoraphobia. Panic disorder patients with or without agoraphobia had significantly higher costs for psychotherapy, general practitioners, general hospital stays and informal care Indirect costs accounted for approximately 60% of the total excess costs.

Conclusions

Panic disorder with or without agoraphobia is associated with significant excess costs. Agoraphobia changes the pattern of resource utilization. Especially indirect costs are relevant. Agoraphobia influences resource utilization in the inpatient sector.

Trial registration ISRCTN64669297
Assessment of perceptions, knowledge, and attitudes of parents regarding children’s schoolbags and related musculoskeletal health
Authors: Alsiddiky Abdulmonem , Alatassi Raheef , Alsaadouni Fayez N. , Bakerman Khalid , Awwad Waleed , Alenazi Abdulrahman , Alsiddiqi Sara , Alyaseen Husain
Published: April 2019

Background

Heavy schoolbags and their adverse musculoskeletal effects are a cause of great concern. Parents’ awareness and knowledge about this are crucial to prevent such health problems. Thus, this study aimed to assess parents’ perceptions, knowledge, and attitudes regarding children’s schoolbags and related musculoskeletal health.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted targeting parents with children of school age. In January 2015, a self-administered, validated questionnaire was distributed to all participants, consisting of questions about their awareness, knowledge, and attitude regarding the negative effects of carrying inappropriate schoolbags on children’s musculoskeletal health.

Result

A total of 616 parents (284 fathers and 332 mothers) completed the questionnaire (response rate of 100%). A total of 247 (87.3%) fathers and 301 (90.9%) mothers knew that carrying heavy schoolbags produces back problems. However, only 105 (36.9%) fathers and 107 (37.6%) mothers knew that incorrect schoolbag weight and inadequate way to carry it may impede the normal alignment and growth of the spine. Only 107 (37.6%) fathers and 96 (28.9%) mothers knew the ideal weight of the schoolbag, while 49.6% of fathers and 42.8% of mothers did not check their children’s schoolbags for unnecessary contents.

Conclusion

Awareness of parents about the consequences of heavy schoolbags and correct use is still limited and suboptimal. Educational sessions for parents and awareness campaigns may help to reduce the prevalence of musculoskeletal health problems among children.
Preface
Authors: Tamm Anni , Jõgi Larissa
Published: April 2019

Üks strateegilisi eesmärke, mis toetab elukestva õppe rakendamist, on õpikäsituse muutumine. Seejuures on muutunud õpikäsituse põhimõtted leidnud laia kõlapinda: me teame, miks ja mis suunas peaks arusaam õppimisest ja õpetamisest muutuma. Vähem teame aga sellest, kuidas on need põhimõtted praktikas rakendunud, kuidas tajuvad muutusi õppijad ja õpetajad ning kuidas saab õpetajaid muudatuste elluviimisel ja nendega kohanemisel paremini toetada. Selle vabanumbri artiklite autorid tegelevadki just nende küsimustega. Artiklid on jaotatud kolme suure alateema alla. Esimeste artiklite keskmes on õppimine: õppimine töökeskkonnas ja mitteformaalõppe tähendus. Teises teemaplokis on artiklid, mis avavad õpetajate kogemusi – seda, kuidas õpetajad tajuvad kooli koostöist õpikultuuri ning kutseõppe õpilaskonnas aja jooksul toimunud muutusi. Kolmanda alateema artiklid aitavad mõista õppijate toimetulekut õppimisega. Artiklite aluseks olevate uuringute tulemused osutavad, et koostöö eri vormides ja eri osaliste vahel toetab õppijate ja õpetajate kohanemist ning on haridusmuutuste eeldus.
Engaging leadership training – fostering social interaction skills through e-learning and blended solutions
Authors: Lonka Kirsti , Ketonen Elina , Marttinen Kitte , Talvio Markus
Published: April 2019

The Engaging Learning Environment (ELE) model was introduced into a company’s work-place to support the learning and well-being of the employees. The participants were 107 middle managers: E-learning group (n = 42) and a comparison group (n = 42) as well as a blended ELE intervention group (n = 23) assigned by the company that combined e-learning and face-to-face sessions. All groups participated in pre- and post-tests. The participants’ knowledge was assessed by 16 MCQs and their application skills by the Dealing with Challenging Interaction (DCI) method which consisted of case studies. The descriptions of how to act in case situations were content analysed. A repeated measures GLM was used to determine whether knowledge and skills changed during the leadership training, and whether their belonging to one of the groups had any bearing on this. The analysis showed that the e-learning group improved their performance more than the comparison group and the results of the ELE intervention group improved even more. Therefore, it is possible to learn communication skills online.
Teachers’ experiences of collaborative learning culture based on examples from Estonian general education schools
Authors: Slabina Pille , Aava Katrin
Published: April 2019

Koostöine õpikultuur võimestab õpetajaid, suurendab eneseusaldust, annab julgust situatsioone juhtida ja suurendab agentsust. Uurimuse eesmärk on välja selgitada õpetajate koostöökultuuri kogemused. Kriitilist diskursuseanalüüsi kasutades kirjeldame, kuidas 15 üldhariduskooli 45 õpetajat konstrueerivad koostöise õpikultuuri kogemust individuaalsel, suhtlus- ja sotsiaalsel tasandil ning väljendavad enda agentsust. Uuringus eendus agentsete õpetajate koostöise õpikultuuri diskursus, mille aluseks on üksteiselt õppimine, mittevõistlev keskkond, usalduslikud suhted ja tunnustamine. Konkurentsidiskursusele on omane piiratud koostöö, kuna kolleegides või juhtides nähakse takistusi. Võimestamata õpetaja diskursust iseloomustavad ei-sõnumid ja agentsuse puudumine: sellised õpetajad ei usu koostöösse, neil puuduvad head koostöökogemused, nad ei koge kolleegide ega juhtkonna toetust-tunnustust.
 Summary
Academic burnout among Estonian and Russian middle school students
Authors: Vinter Kati , Aus Kati , Arro Grete
Published: April 2019

Uuringu eesmärk on analüüsida erinevusi eesti ja vene õppekeelega õpilaste akadeemilises läbipõlemises ning akadeemilise läbipõlemise seoseid erinevate kognitiivsete (matemaatikaoskused ja üldvõimekus) ja sotsiaal-kognitiivsete teguritega (arenguuskumused ja akadeemiline psühholoogiline säilenõtkus). Uuringus osales 429 kaheksanda klassi õpilast viiest vene (n = 174) ja seitsmest eesti (n = 255) õppekeelega Tallinna koolist. Tulemustest selgus, et läbipõlemise tase oli eri õppekeelega õpilastel sarnane. Kognitiivsed tegurid ei seostunud läbipõlemisega kummaski rühmas, kuid sotsiaal-kognitiivsed tegurid, kalduvus jäävususkumustele ja madal säilenõtkuse tase olid läbipõlemisega seotud mõlemas rühmas. Samuti ilmnes, et eesti õpilaste hulgas olid läbipõlemisele altimad madala säilenõtkuse taseme ja paremate matemaatikaoskustega õpilased. Edasistes uurimustes võiks keskenduda võimalustele, kuidas arendada nii arenguuskumuste kui ka säile nõtkusega seotud teadmisi ja oskusi.
 Summary
Students’ views on plagiarism and plagiarism detection systems
Authors: Remmik Marvi , Tasa Tiina , Roos Liana , Löfström Erika
Published: April 2019

Plagiaat on ülikoolides endiselt suur probleem. Tehnoloogia areng on võimaldanud üliõpilastele lihtsa juurdepääsu veebimaterjalidele, see aga mõjutab nende pla gieerimiskäitumist, muutes selle levinumaks kui kunagi varem. Uurimuse eesmärk on välja selgitada üliõpilaste arusaamad plagiaadist ja plagiaadituvastussüsteemide kasutamisest. Selleks analüüsiti 380-lt eri valdkonna ja õppetaseme üliõpilaselt küsimustikuga kogutud andmeid, millest ilmneb, et üle poole vastajatest ei pea plagiaati levinud probleemiks ega tea täpselt, milles plagiaat seisneb. Sotsiaalteaduste ning humanitaarteaduste ja kunstide valdkonna üliõpilased on võrreldes loodus- ja täppisteaduste ning meditsiinivaldkonna üliõpilastega plagiaadi olemusest ja plagiaadituvastussüsteemidest teadlikumad. Plagiaadi leviku pidurdamiseks peetakse oluliseks ennetustööd: akadeemiliste tekstide kirjutamise oskuse ja õpioskuste arendamist, plagiaadi olemuse kohta ühtsete arusaamade kujundamist ja plagiaadijuhtumite menetlemiseks institutsioonisiseste eeskirjade kehtestamist. Plagiaadituvastussüsteemide kasutamine on üliõpilaste hinnangul õiglane, aga ka hirmu teki tav. Sellised tulemused osutavad vajadusele suurendada õppejõudude vastutust teema käsitlemisel ainekursuste raames.
 Summary
Raamat identiteedimärkidest
Authors: Viires Piret
Published: April 2019

Martin Ehala monograafia "Identiteedimärgid. Ühtekuuluvuse anatoomia" ilmus kõigepealt inglise keeles Routledge’i kirjastuses (2017, 2018) ja seejärel, 2018. aastal ka eestikeelse tõlkena. Raamatu tähtsus seisneb identiteediproblemaatika toomises teadusliku arutluse keskmesse, omaette tervikliku ja süsteemse identiteediteooria loomises ning ka kollektiivse identiteedi emotsionaalse külje rõhutamises. Ehala raamat aitab mõelda identiteedi teemade üle täpsemas raamistikus ja märgata kollektiivse identiteedi avaldumise vorme ja ühtekuuluvuse emotsionaalseid tahke väga erinevates valdkondades – laiemalt nii poliitikas kui ka argielus või kitsamalt ühiskondlikes institutsioonides (sh haridusasutused).
Food culture, relationality and the Slow Food Movement
Authors: Willink Kate
Published: April 2019

This article explores theories of relationality and relational ethics of food and culture. Specifically, this essay focuses on the concept of relationality as how we conceive of ourselves as relational beings within food networks, how we relate to others through food and how we relate across different levels of food movements. The ethics of relationality as a theory is traced through a reading of the history of the Slow Food Movement and some of its core commitments from conviviality to fair food.
On media, memory and laws: The Israeli ‘Law Commemorating the Exile of Jews from Arab Countries and Iran’ (2014) as a case study
Authors: Tirosh Noam , Gutman Yifat
Published: April 2019

This study joins the ongoing, yet marginalized, scholarly attempt to connect between law, memory and the media. We focus on a unique memory law: the ‘Law Commemorating the Exile of Jews from Arab Countries and Iran’ enacted in the Israeli parliament in 2014. The law aims to make official a long-silenced memory of the dispossession and suffering inflicted on Jewish residents of major Arab states and of Iran by local authorities as a reaction to the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. By a systematic analysis of the law, the mediated discourse that followed its enactment and of the media fare on these commemoration days, this study uncovers the complex interrelations between law, media and society’s memory. This study highlights an interesting process. At the ‘negotiation stage’, which precedes the actual enactment of the law, different memory actors promote varied narratives and create a public atmosphere that might support the political processes that lead to the enactment of a new memory law. When the law is enacted and by dictating special commemoration events and designated memorial days, the law creates signified temporal structures that the media, in turn, identify as important and highlight as sacred monuments in time. This indicates that while laws outline what society should remember, it is mediated techniques of news media production that legitimize historic narratives and makes them an integral part of society’s memory.
‘Delicate and durable’: An analysis of women’s leadership and media practices in Vietnam
Authors: Vu Hong Tien , Barnett Barbara , Duong Hue Trong , Lee Tien Tsung
Published: April 2019

The qualities of a good leader are frequently aligned with traditional gender norms: men are viewed as aggressive and competitive and are considered ‘natural’ leaders, while women are viewed as submissive and nurturing – qualities seen as antithetical to good leadership. The news media help shape public understanding of leadership through reporting, and to understand better the relationship between gender norms and leadership, this qualitative study examined journalists’ perspectives on leadership in Vietnam, a country where women have played a role in building the country’s financial stability but not necessarily benefitted from the country’s economic progress. In-depth interviews were conducted with sixteen Vietnamese journalists (eight women and eight men) to explore their perspectives on women’s roles as leaders in their home countries. Researchers learned that journalists have internalized traditional gender scripts. They acknowledge that women can be good leaders, but they question whether women should devote time and energy to work that takes them away from their families. Journalists say that, irrespective of whether women take on leadership roles, they must put family first; however, men are not held to the same standard. Research suggests that journalists see gender roles as fixed and men as the most suited for leadership roles.
High frequency of non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia form among children with persistently elevated levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone after newborn screening
Authors: Castro Patrícia S. , Rassi Tatiana O. , Araujo Raquel F. , Pezzuti Isabela L. , Rodrigues Andresa S. , Bachega Tania A.S.S. , Silva Ivani N.
Published: April 2019

Background

Early diagnosis after newborn screening (NBS) for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) allows proper treatment, reducing mortality rates and preventing development of hyperandrogenic manifestations and incorrect sex assignment at birth. Despite the high NBS sensitivity to detect CAH classical forms, one of the main issues is identifying asymptomatic children who remained with increased 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) levels. In this study, we aimed to contribute to understanding the diagnosis of these children.

Methods

Children with increased serum 17-OHP levels, and without disease-related clinical features during follow-up, underwent the entire CYP21A2 gene sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analysis (SALSA MLPA P050B CAH). Patients’ genotypes were subsequently sorted as compatible with CAH disease, and children were evaluated to determine the clinical status.

Results

During the study period, 106,476 newborns underwent CAH NBS. During follow-up, 328 children (0.3%) were identified as having false-positive tests and 295 were discharged after presenting with 17-OHP levels within reference values. Thirty-three remained asymptomatic and with increased serum 17-OHP levels after a mean follow-up of 3.4 years, and were subjected to molecular analysis. Seventeen out of the 33 children carried mutations: seven in the heterozygous state, nine carried non-classical genotypes and the remaining child carried a classical genotype.

Conclusions

We found a high frequency of non-classical CAH (NCCAH) diagnosis among children with persistent elevation of 17-OHP levels. Our findings support molecular study as decisive for elucidating diagnosis in these asymptomatic children. Molecular analysis as a confirmatory test is relevant to guide their follow-up, allows genetic counseling and avoids over treating NCCAH form.
Synthesis and crystal structure of bis{4-methyl-2-((E)-((4-((E)-1-(benzyloxyimino)ethyl)phenyl)imino)methyl)phenolato-κ3
N,O,O}copper(II), C92H84Cu2N8O8
Authors: Huang Jing , Ma Jin-Xia , Wei Ping , Zhao Ji-Xing
Published: April 2019

C92H84Cu2N8O8, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 18.315(2) Å, b = 12.1533(12) Å, c = 17.518(2) Å, β = 105.289(4)°, Z = 2, V = 3761.3(7) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0658, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1809, T = 173(2)K.
The crystal structure of dichlorido(1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropyl-phenyl)-1H-3λ4-imidazol-2-yl)(3-phenyl-pyridine-κN)palladium(IV), C38H45N3Cl2Pd
Authors: Bao Zhen , Lin Ping
Published: April 2019

C38H45N3Cl2Pd, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 12.8249(8) Å, b = 16.0552(9) Å, c = 20.5611(10) Å, β = 115.396(3)°, V = 3824.5(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0287, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0879, T = 173(2) K.
Burst Pressures of High-Density Polyethylene Pipes Considering the Notch Effect: Testing and Prediction
Authors: Zheng Xiaotao , Wang Jiqiang , Chen Haofeng
Published: April 2019

This work aims at testing and predicting burst pressures of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes with various groove conditions. Four types of notches, including U-type, V-type, linear-type (L-type), and rectangular-type (R-type) notches, with different depth ratios are discussed. A unified damage model is proposed to predict the damage behaviors of notched HDPE pipes for different notch shapes. Results indicate that the notch shape has an important influence on the burst pressure of HDPE pipes. Generally, the notch types ordered by impact extent from highest to lowest are R-type, U-type, V-type, and L-type, according to the experimental data. The burst pressure obviously decreases with the increment of the notch-depth ratio. However, when the notch depth is less than 0.5 mm in this work, the burst pressure reduces slightly compared with that of the virgin pipe because of its good fracture toughness. Moreover, the predicted damage factors given by the proposed model agree very well with the experimental data under different groove shapes. This work provides important experimental data and damage assessment approaches for various notched HDPE pipes.
Effect of Sample Tilt on Measurement of Friction Coefficient by Constant-Load Scratch Testing of Copper with a Spherical Indenter
Authors: Gao Chenghui , Liu Ming
Published: April 2019

A copper microscratch test was carried out with a spherical indenter under constant normal load of 150 mN. The effect of sample tilt on the measurement of friction coefficient was investigated by rotating the sample with surface inclination between successive tests so that the indenter could experience different surface height slopes. It was found that the experimentally measured friction coefficients linearly depended on surface height slope (or surface tilt angle) under small angle tilt and became larger when the indenter climbed over the sample surface, which was explained by a geometrical intersection model. Accurate determination of the friction coefficient requires either two scratch tests with reversed sliding directions or 180° rotation of the sample with the average value being used as the coefficient of friction under nontilting condition. The true friction angle for the condition without surface inclination can be obtained by summing the experimentally measured friction angle and surface tilt angle.
Strength and Shrinkage Properties of Heat-Cured Fly Ash–Based Geopolymer Mortars Containing Fine Recycled Concrete Aggregate
Authors: Saha Suman , Rajasekaran Chandrasekaran
Published: April 2019

Geopolymer has obtained significant importance as an alternative eco-friendly binder material for ordinary portland cement (OPC) as it can be produced from the reaction between the industrial by-product materials rich in alumina, silica, and alkaline solutions. Therefore, usage of geopolymer effectively in the construction industry will help to reduce the consumption of a huge quantity of natural resources for the energy processes required for the production of OPC. It is also one of important solution to control carbon dioxides emission by the usage of OPC. On the other hand, using construction and demolition waste (C&DW) as the source of recycled aggregates in construction industry helps to reduce the huge consumption of natural aggregates and protect the environment from the disturbances caused by the unorganized dumping of C&DW. In this study, an attempt has been made to produce fly ash (FA)-based geopolymer mortar mixes using C&DW effectively as fine aggregates partially. The effects of recycled fine aggregates (RFA), the ratio of alkaline liquid (AL) to FA, and duration of heat curing on the properties of the produced geopolymer mortar mixes have been discussed in this article. To determine the influence of RFA on the strength and volume change behavior of mixes, natural fine aggregates were replaced by RFA at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 % by mass. The AL/FA ratio was adopted as 0.4 and 0.6. Higher compressive strength was observed for most of the mortar mixes having RFA up to 20 %, and higher drying shrinkage value was found for the mixes with higher RFA content. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were also studied for knowledge about the signature of the formed structures in the mortar mixes, which were observed having higher strength.
Fuzzy Cost Optimization and Admission Control for Machine Interference Problem with General Retrial
Authors: Jain Madhu , Sanga Sudeep Singh
Published: April 2019

In the present investigation, we study the performance analysis of a machine repair system operating under admission control F-policy in fuzzy environment. As per F-policy, when the system reaches its full capacity K, no further failed machines are allowed to join the system until the system size ceases down to a prespecified threshold value F. To deal with general reattempts made by a failed machine from the orbit for the repair, the supplementary variable corresponding to retrial times is used to construct the steady-state governing equations, and then explicit formulae for the queue size probability distributions are derived by using Laplace transform and recursive method. A fuzzy cost function is formulated by considering the cost elements as trapezoidal fuzzy numbers and then α − cut approach is implemented to develop lower and upper bounds of the cost elements. In order to defuzzify the cost function, the signed distance method is used. The genetic algorithm is applied to determine the optimal control parameter and corresponding minimum cost of the system.
Determinant of Stock Price: Evidence on Food and Beverage Companies in Indonesia
Authors: Nasarudin Indo Yama , Suhendra Suhendra , Anggraini Luthfia Farida
Published: April 2019

One aspect that concerns investors in valuing stocks is financial performance. The better the company's financial performance will increase the demand for the company's shares, so that it can also increase the company's stock price. The purpose of this research to examine the effect of Financial Performance which is measured by using Earning per Share, Net Profit Margin, Retun On Equity, Firm Size which is measured by Total Revenue, Total Asset,, and Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure which is measured by Economic Aspects, Environmental Aspects,Social Aspect to the Extend of stock price on food and beverage sector companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The stock price data was used the stock price determined by the closing price.The sample collection method has been done by using purposive sampling method and eleven of eighteen companies, which are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in the years of 20013-2017, are used as the research samples. The method used in this study was Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The result of the research shows that the variable Financial Performance was significantly influenced stock price. variable Firms Size was significantly influenced stock price, and variable Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure was significantly influenced stockprice.
Cover Etikonomi Vol. 18(1), 2018
Authors: Etikonomi 2019 Jurnal
Published: April 2019

Cover Etikonomi Vol. 18(1), 2018
Critical Factors That Determine Credit Approval to Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) IN BEKASI
Authors: Siswanto Halim Putera , Arifin Agus Zainul , Cavin C
Published: April 2019

This study aims to reveal the factors determining credit approval to Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) in Bekasi City for the year 2013. The variables used in this study are owner’s capital, company establishment, collateral value, credit amount, owner’s age, and good relationship with the bank. In this study, the logit model is used in which there is only one dependent variable in form of dummy (result of credit analysis; successful = 1 and not successful = 0) along with six independent variables. In this method, the concerns are the coefficients and the signs in order to state the probability of credit approval. Statistical test reveals that simultaneously all independent variables have significant effects on credit approval. But partially, only owner’s capital and good relationships with the bank do affect the approval.
The Value at Risk of Selling Option on Crude Oil West Texas Intermediate
Authors: Asianto Abitur , Siregar Hermanto , Sembel Roy , Maulana Tubagus Nur Ahmad
Published: April 2019

The Value at Risk (VaR) of selling option on crude oil WTI has not been widely known, whereas this trade is the largest transactions in the world. This study aimed to analyze the Value at Risk (VaR) of the far out of the money (FOTM) and the in the money (ITM) strike position of selling option on crude oil WTI investment. The monthly option premium return data ranging from April 1984 to May 2017 was analyzed by the ARCH-GARCH and VaR method to get the risk of FOTM and ITM strike position. Empirical results indicate that the risk of the FOTM strike was much lower than the ITM strike positions. It meant that selecting the FOTM strike position of the selling option on crude oil WTI investment could be considered by stakeholders because its risk was much lower than the ITM strike position.
Analysis of Potential Sectors and Policy Priorities of Regional Economic Development in Maluku Province
Authors: Kharisma Bayu , Hadiyanto Ferry
Published: April 2019

The development policy in Maluku Province cannot separate from the small islands that dominate the areas. Its central potentials are in the field of fisheries, agriculture, and mining.  This research aims to analyze the potentials of the leading sector and to formulate policy priorities for regional development in Maluku Province. The research used in this research is Location Quotient (LQ), Growth-Ratio Model (MRP), Overlay, SWOT and Analytic Network Process (ANP). The results showed that in Maluku Province there are eight economic categories that have base sectors. The result of Growth-Ratio Model (MRP) shows that the sector with the highest average the ratio of growth in the study area (RPs) is mining and quarrying sector. Furthermore, Overlay analysis shows that government administration, defense, social security sectors are obliged to contribute to and the highest growth. The result of SWOT-ANP shows that policy priority in regional development is the acceleration of infrastructure development
Company Size Moderates the Effect of Real Earning Management and Accrual Earning Management on Value Relevance
Authors: Rachmawati Sistya
Published: April 2019

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of real earning management and accrual earning management on the relevance of values proxied by predictive value, feedback value and timeliness. Furthermore, whether the influence of real earning management and accrual earning management on value relevance can be strengthened by the company size variable. This study uses secondary data from 2014 to 2016 with 61 companies so that there are 183 observations. Data is processed by multiple regression for predictive value model and feedback value model using fixed effect model while timeliness uses common effect model. Before the regression test, normality and classical tests were carried out which included multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test and autocorrelation test. The results showed that the effect of real earning management and accrual earning management on predictive value, feedback value was not significant, while the timeliness was only accrual earning mamagement that had significance. On the other hand, company size has been proven to strengthen the effect of real earning management and accrual earning management on predictive value, whereas in the feedback value and timeliness model only accrual earning management can be strengthened by the size of the company
Tendencies of Mining Technology Development in Relation to Deep Mines
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Minh , Pham Duc Thang
Published: April 2019

Mineral demand rapidly increases; as a result, underground mining activities gradually dig into the earth’s crust to deeper levels. For instance, the depth of coal mines has reached 1500 m, whereas the depth of mines for nonferrous metals has already achieved around 4500 m. Deep mining faces a number of technical and environmental challenges, first of all, great rock mass stresses, high temperature and long winding distance. The traditional technologies are hardly capable to provide the development and extraction efficiency and safety. That is why the need in developing and implementation of new modern mining technologies arose. In roadheading, TBM (tunnelboring machine) method is gradually introduced. A TBM combines the functions of rock breaking, support installation, mucking and conveying rock. In mining industry, smart mining based on mechanized and automated mining methods is successfully implemented at coal mines. Besides, a technical concept of fluidized mining for deepseated mineral resources (6000 m and more) was proposed. This paper presents the review of the current global status of deep mining and highlights some of the newest technological achievements in roadheading and the mineral extraction processes.
The Study of Geomechanical Condition of Unstable Rocks in the Vicinity of Mine Working Junctions
Authors: Basov V. V.
Published: April 2019

The relevance of research of material strain nature based on physical models equivalent to rocks is substantiated. To identify the dependencies and mechanism of unstable rock strain in the vicinity of mine working junctions, an experimental technique has been developed and presented. The method of physical modeling using equivalent materials was applied in the research. Strength characteristics of the rock equivalent material were calculated using the formulas proposed by G.N. Kuznetsov. The equivalent material was prepared based on two components, sand and paraffin. The mix formulation was selected, and ultimate compressive strength of the equivalent material was determined. The experiment was performed for three options of the physical models: an intact rock mass, a rock mass with a single mine working, and a rock mass with mine working junctions. Testing of the models made of the equivalent material was performed through uniaxial vertical loading using a hydraulic press. Based on the model testing findings, the dynamics of fracture propagation and crushing of the enclosing equivalent material in the vicinity of an artificial cavity, simulating a mine working, has been demonstrated. Besides, the graphs of relative strain versus vertical loading for each stage of the stepwise loading of these three model options were produced. The findings of the strain-stress distribution modeling for the equivalent material around the cavities simulating mine working junctions were analyzed. The strain testing findings for the materials simulating rock behavior are expected to be used as the initial data for analysis of physical and numerical simulation, as well as for developing engineering documentation with regard to the selection of parameters for supporting mine working junctions.
Effects of Intermittent Inelasticity when Propagating Seismic Wave in Low Velocity Zone
Authors: Mashinskii E. I.
Published: April 2019

The study of atypical manifestations of rock inelasticity improves understanding of the physical mechanisms of seismic wave propagation and attenuation in real environments. In the field experiments, the propagation of longitudinal wave at frequency of 240–1000 Hz between two shallow boreholes in low speed zone was investigated. The measurements were performed using a piezoelectric pulse emitter and similar receiver tools positioned in the boreholes. "Stress-time" σ(t) digital responses were recorded by the open channel with microsecond temporal resolution. The unusual short-period variations of amplitude in the form of sharp flattening wave front, stress drop, or plateau of different width (tens of microseconds) were detected in the wave profile. These low-amplitude variations in the waveform were regarded as manifestations of hopping intermittent inelasticity. This inelastic process was assumed to affect the waveform transformation. The contribution of hopping inelasticity depends on the applied stress magnitude, i.e. in this case, the seismic response amplitude. The mechanism of hopping inelasticity at small strains may be explained by microplasticity of rocks. The findings obtained represent a new step in understanding of physics of seismic and acoustic wave propagation in rocks and can be useful for handling of applied problems in geophysics and mining.
Analysis of Hydrocarbon Saturation Nature in a Heterogeneous Reservoir as Exemplified in AC10 Formation of Priobskoe Field
Authors: Ratnikov I. B. , Yarkova N. S. , Romanov E. A.
Published: April 2019

The main factors affecting the nature of uneven hydrocarbon saturation of the AC10 formation reservoir at Priobskoye field located in Western Siberia are considered. The formation is characterized by extreme heterogeneity caused by macro- and microstructure, which is determined by the lithofacial and structural-morphological conditions of sedimentation. The formation is characterized by high variability of lithological-mineralogical composition and textural and structural features. To bring to light the nature of the uneven hydrocarbon saturation of the reservoir, the combined analysis of the findings obtained from the study of the size of capillary channels and pores, as well as the investigation of the degree of their filling with clay and carbonate material, was performed. The analysis has shown that the filler composition, its amount in the pore space, and the (core) hydrocarbon saturation collectively evened the AC10 formation electrical resistance in different saturation zones, which led to distortion of the hydrocarbon saturation of the reservoir as a whole.
Conduction block as an electrophysiological phenomenon: a review of the literature
Authors: Nikitin S. S. , Murtazina A. F. , Druzhinin D. S.
Published: April 2019

Evaluation and interpretation of electrophysiological phenomena often plays an important role in the diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases. Motor nerve conduction block is a reduction of either amplitude or area of the compound motor action potential elicited by proximal to distal motor nerve stimulation. Today, the value of conduction block in the diagnosis of demyelinating and axonal neuropathies, as well as the diagnostic criteria for these disorders, are still under discussion.

Objectiveof the review of the literature is to highlight the value of conduction block as an electrophysiological phenomenon in the light of clinical manifestations. There is no consensus in the literature which motor response parameters should be used as partial conduction block criteria. The diversity of pathogenic forms in which conduction block can be registered does not allow to consider the phenomenon as a sign of only demyelinating lesions, and the term conduction block should be considered as a pure electrophysiological phenomenon. Different pathophysiological mechanisms of conduction block formation should be studied separately within each nosology. Conduction block detection does not allow to specify a particular diagnosis, however, in conjunction with clinical and anamnestic data, it may be the main argument in the diagnosis of a number of peripheral nerves diseases.
The phenomenon of focal peripheral nerve constriction: review of the literature
Authors: Druzhinin D. S. , Naumova E. S. , Nikitin S. S. , Spirin N. N.
Published: April 2019

Today the description of phenomenon of the focal “hourglass-like constriction” of the peripheral nerves in patients with acute pain mononeuropathy is often found in literature. The use of additional imaging techniques of peripheral nerves such as high-resolution ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging allowed to detect this pathology more often. The purpose of the review is to summarize information about the phenomenon of the focal “hourglass-like constriction”. We analyzed 30 publications in PubMed database by key words: “Hourglass like construction of peripheral nerve” with the description of 158 patients with the focal “hourglass-like constriction”.
Immunoglobulins in neurological practice: a review of the literature
Authors: Nikitin S. S. , Boriskina L. M.
Published: April 2019

Today intravenous immunoglobulins are used increasingly in the management of patients with neurological conditions. The efficacy and safety of intravenous immunoglobulins treatment in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, Guillain–Barre syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy have been established in randomized controlled trials and declared in systematic reviews. There are discussions about the dose, timing, duration and necessity of repeated infusions in these disorders. The intravenous immunoglobulins treatment is an option in myasthenia gravis crisis and exacerbations the disease, stiff-person syndrome, a second-line therapy in dermatomyositis and some patients with polymyositis. The use of intravenous immunoglobulins in patients with multiple sclerosis, inclusion body myositis, resistant epilepsy is not finally proved. The review discussed the data of immunoglobulins efficacy in neurological disorders based on informative studies with an emphasis on the main criteria for choosing a drug for effective high-dose intravenous immunotherapy.
The variability of representation and latency of the F-wave in patients at different periods of spinal cord injury
Authors: Kan’shina D. S. , Kuznetsov A. N. , Nikolaev S. G. , Vinogradov O. I. , Yakovleva D. V.
Published: April 2019

Introduction. Neurophysiological examination in patients with spinal cord injury is advisable to determine the end of the period of spinal shock. F-wave is a late electromyographic phenomenon realized by activating a pool of motor neurons of the anterior horns of the spinal cord. In the state of spinal shock, the duration of which is variable, F-waves are not recorded. The presence of F-waves from the tibial nerves indicates the completion of spinal shock and restoration of electrical excitability of motor neurons of the anterior horn of the spinal cord. The appearance of F-waves is a marker for diagnostic transcranial magnetic stimulation to assess the viability of the cortical-spinal tract in the early stages of spinal shock.

Study aim. To analyze the representation of F-waves in patients in different periods of spinal shock, depending on the level, volume and duration of the lesion.

Materials and methods. There were a total of 15 patients with spinal trauma in age from 19 to 29 years enrolled. All patients affected were localized in segments C4–C7. The examination included stimulation electroneuromyography: registration of motor responses, sensory responses and F-waves from the median, ulnar, fibular and tibial nerves on both sides.

Results. In 5 patients: 3 in acute, 1 in early and 1 in late periods of spinal cord injury, spinal shock was clinically diagnosed: electromyographic revealed the absence of F-waves for all tested nerves. In 4 patients in the early period of spinal cord injury F-waves were registered only with n. tibialis, the first spontaneous movements in the limbs were clinically observed; in 6 patients in the intermediate and late periods of spinal cord injury f-waves were recorded from all the nerves under study with constant latency. The end of spinal shock was clinically verified, with the presence of a minimum volume of movements and restoration of sensitivity in individual segments.

Conclusion. Registration of F-wave should be a mandatory component of stimulation electromyographic in the verification of spinal shock, the duration of which is not correlated with the periods of spinal cord injury. The presence of f-waves is a diagnostic marker for transcranial magnetic stimulation to assess the viability of the cortical-spinal tract.
Falls in elderly patients with comorbidity, which were prescribed combined application of psychotropic and cardiovascular medicines
Authors: Ilina E. S. , Shalygin V. A. , Ivashchenko D. V. , Savelieva M. I. , Sinitsina I. I. , Semenova S. P. , Gorbatenkova S. V. , Puzin S. N. , Bogova O. T. , Sychev D. A.
Published: April 2019

The article discusses aspects of drug-induced falls in elderly comorbid patients against the background of polypragmasy and also assesses the role of drug interactions that are highly dangerous according to the risk of falling. A drug audit of the obtained pharmacotherapy database was performed in patients with comorbid pathology older than 75 years, in order to identify fall-risk-increasing drugs, ranked according to the degree of risk of falling, their significant interactions and with using the traffic light classification. The data on the analysis of the contribution of psychotropic, cardiological drugs and their combination on the risk of developing a fall in the hospital in comorbid patients of old age against polypragmasy are presented.