bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic Evaluation of Tubal Factors in Female Subfertility
Authors: Khalid Muhammad Awais , Khurshid Nida , Yasin Asma , Afzal Madiha , Aziz Uzma , Hussain Samar
Published: February 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate frequency of tubal factors as a cause of female subfertility using laparoscopy. Study design: It was a cross-sectional study Setting: This study was conducted at Obstetrics and Gynecology department, Arif Memorial Teaching Hospital Lahore / Rashid Latif Medical College Duration of study: Study was done in 6 months [June 4, 2022 till December 4, 2022] Methodology: Using non probability consecutive sampling 179 females with primary and secondary subfertility who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Detailed demographics were recorded after taking informed written consent. Results: The mean age of participants was 29.12 ± 4.04 years with minimum and maximum age between 19 and 42 years. The mean duration of marriage was 7.13 ± 3.66 years with minimum and maximum duration of marriage between 3 and 17 years. The mean duration of subfertility was 5.32 ± 3.26 years with minimum and maximum duration of subfertility between 2 and 18 years. There were 137(76.5%) of the cases who had primary and 42(23.5%) females had secondary subfertility. A total of 56(31.2%) females had tubal factors and 123(68.7%) females did not have tubal factors as cause of subfertility. There were 39(21.8%) females who had Peri tubal adhesion, 17(9.5%) females had tubo ovarian mass. Among the 56 participants who had tubal factor presents 40 (22.3%) had bilateral blocked tubes Conclusion: Through the findings of this study , we concluded that 31.2% females had tubal factors subfertility, including 21.8% females with peri tubal adhesion and 9.5% females with tubo ovarian mass. 22.3% of the participants had bilateral blocked tubes. Hence proper evaluation of the female partner in a subfertile couple should be done by laparoscopy which is a superior tool for diagnosing tubal factors responsible for subfertility and tubal patency should also be confirmed before prescribing treatment such as ovulation induction. Keywords: Infertility, diagnostic laparoscopy, tubal factors, peri tubal adhesion, tubo ovarian mass, blocked tubes
Frequency of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis Types in Patients Presenting to Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Rehman Mubashir , Hussain Jamal , Ahmad Imran , Ahmad Adnan , Farhan Mohammad , Humayun Jawad
Published: February 2023

Background: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a condition that affects both eyes at the same time, recurs at regular intervals, and is an allergic inflammatory reaction of the conjunctiva and cornea to a variety of chemicals. Amongst the various populations the prevalence of various types of VKC varies. Objective: To assess the frequency of vernal keratoconjunctivitis types in patients presenting to tertiary care hospital Methodology: The current cross sectional study was carried out at the Ophthalmology Department, Qazi Hussain Ahmad Medical Complex, Nowshera from March 2022 to August 2022. All the patients were assessed under slit-lamp for VKC and their types. IBM SPSS version 23 was employed for analysis of data. Results: In the current research, totally 150 patients were enrolled. There were 90 (60%) male patients while female patients were 60 (40%). Based on the types of VKC, 75 (50%) patients were observed with Palpebral VKC, 41 (27.33%) with Limbal VKC and 34 (22.67%) patients were observed with Mixed VKC. Conclusion: Our study concludes that Vernal keratoconjunctivitis is a common problem of children. Both males and females are affected by this problem but occur predominantly in male. The most prevalent type of vernal keratoconjunctivitis was Palpebral VKC in our study. Keywords: Frequency; vernal keratoconjunctivitis; Eye diseases
The Frequency of Abnormally High Liver Enzymes and their Connection to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sadia Aiza , Khan Muhammad Kaleem , Khalid Henna , Riaz Mariam , Ikram Hassan
Published: February 2023

Objective: The purpose of this research is to measure liver enzyme activity in Pakistani people with type 2 diabetes. Study Design: Cross sectional Place and Duration: The study was conducted in department of Pathology Women Medical& Dental College Abbottabad from January 2022 to June 2022. Methods: 400 people were enlisted for the study (200 in the healthy control group I, and another 200 with type 2 diabetes). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were assessed, as was body mass index (BMI). We also checked total protein (TP), albumin, and fasting blood glucose (FBG), and we tested glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Averages and standard deviations were used to describe quantitative data, whereas frequencies were used to characterize qualitative information. Tests for associations, significance, and correlations between groups were conducted using the Pearson/Spearman correlation test, the unpaired t-test, and the Chi-squared test. Statistical significance was defined as a P-value less than.05. Each piece of information was put via SPSS 24.0 for statistical analysis. Results: Among 200 patients of Type 2 DM females were higher in numbers than males. Type 2 DM patients had a mean age of 48.8 years (SD 11.12), whereas the healthy population had a mean age of 40.6 years (SD 11.3) (P .0001). AST activity in Type 2 DM was found to be similar to that of healthy individuals (P =.060). Type 2 DM is associated with elevated levels of ALT, total bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase when compared to healthy controls (P .0001). Hepatic enzyme levels were abnormal in 60% of those with type 2 diabetes compared to 30% of those without the disease. Conclusion: Liver function tests (LFTs) were shown to be significantly abnormal in the diabetic community as a whole, demonstrating widespread co-existing derangements. It is possible that early diagnosis and therapy might benefit from a thorough workup in such patients. Furthermore, reducing liver-related morbidity and mortality in Type 2 DM would benefit from early diagnosis and therapy of aberrant liver parameters. Keywords: Liver Hepatic pathology, Diabetes mellitus type 2, Liver function tests
A Unique Association of Recurrent Swollen Lymph Nodes and Sweet Products in Pediatrics: A Cross Sectional Analysis in Rural Population of KPK
Authors: Farukh Umair , Abideen Zain Ul , Yahya Sheherbano , Khan Ramsha , Qaisar Owais , Arifeen Zia Ul , Ahmad Iftikhar , Ullah Irfan
Published: February 2023

Introduction: The current study was aimed to investigate the association of dental caries with sweet products (especially sweetened milk at night) with lympha- denopathy in pediatrics. There is a well established mechanism of sweets with dental caries, and such caries can be the cause of recurrent lymphadenopathy. Methodology: A total 201 patients were assessed at pediatric and dental clinic, patients of ages 1 to 5 years having recurrent lymphadenopathy and dental caries were included while the rest were excluded. They were evaluated for a number of parameters including dental caries grading, raised TLC, body temperature, pain, addiction towards sweets, hunger status, difficulty in chewing, sleep habits, social behavior, while their parents were interviewed regarding awareness about dental caries. Results: It was observed that 90% of the patients were addicted to sweets, and 79% were having grade 4 dental caries, 82% were having aggressive behavior, 91% were having pyrexia, 94% were having raised TLC, 75% were in severe pain, 88% were facing difficulty in chewing solid food, 61% were underweight, 58% were anorexic, while 98% of the parent were not having any proper knowledge about caries development. The practical implication of the study is to develop new strategies to minimize the consumption of sugary products that are the ultimate cause of dental caries. Such caries are then responsible for a number of issues including swollen lymph nodes. Conclusion: All these issues may have a worst impact on the social, physical and mental growth of children. As all the patients were having recurrent lymphadenitis, yet it can be claimed that dental caries are among the primary causes. Keywords: Dental caries; Lymphadenopathy; Pediatrics; Street sweets; Sweetened Milk
Urinary Incontinence and Related Quality of Life Among Elderly Men
Authors: Tahir Tufail Hussain , Aziz Saad , Jan Misbah , Aman Ashraf Hafiz Muhammad , Sadiq Yasir , , Shabbir Hasnat
Published: February 2023

Introduction:Urinary Incontinence (UI)the complaint of any involuntary leakage of urine-is common in women that increases with age and may decrease quality of life Objective:The main objective of the study is to find the urinary incontinence (UI) and related quality of life among elderly men.Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Urology Poonch Medical College Rawalakot Azad KashmirDuring May to September 2021. The study included 109 elderly patients aged 65 years and older. Informed consent was obtained from all patients and the study protocol was approved by the local ethics committee of our institution. The patients were assessed sequentially based on their presentation to the physical medicine and rehabilitation outpatient clinic Results: The study included 109 elderly patients and mean age of patients was 73.98 ± 7.88 years. Of the study group, 40.4% had UI and 59.6% did not have UI. The difference between the two groups with respect to mean age was not statistically significant (p = 0.093). Practical implication: UI is coomon among older men so this study will helps us to improve the quality of life. Conclusion: It is concluded that UI is common among older men and is associated with worse QoL. Health care professionals should discuss UI with older men. Keywords: Quality of life, UI, Health care, WHO, Individuals, Population,
Distribution of Myocardial Infarction Regarding Hypertensive, Diabetes and Gender
Authors: Menhas Sadia , Shehryar Muhammad , Saad Muhammad , Afridi Aizaz , Ali Nayab , Khan Ajmal , Imran Muhammad
Published: February 2023

Background: Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death throughout the entire world, in Pakistan most common type of coronary disease is the myocardial infarction. Regarding the frequency of risk factors most common location of MI is anterior and inferior wall infarction in male and female, hypertensive and diabetic patients. The aims of this study was to determine the type, site, and risk factors in myocardial infarction patients associated with gender, diabetes and hypertension. Method: cross sectional study was conducted in CCU and in cardiology ward at Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar. The duration of this study was four months i.e from March 2019 to June 2019. From 18 to 100 years old data were collected on the basis of convenient sampling technique. The data was collected through a standard performa and was analyzed through SPSS 23. Results: Highest number of cases were found in age group 51-75 years with 60.4%. Male patients (56.8%) were more affected than females. Married persons were frequently suffered from myocardial infarction with 99.1%. Among total myocardial infarction patients 78.4% were suffered from ST segment elevation. Anterior side of heart were affected more with MI, followed by inferior side. Myocardial infarction were common among hypetensive patients. Family history of hypertension was also higher among the myocardial infarcted patients. Low level of diabetes were also found among myocardial infarcted patients. A total of the 227 infarction patients 75.3% patients having ST segment elevation were recorded on ECG. Conclusion: Frequency of MI is higher in male, hypertensive patients and STEMI were most common type of MI, anterior and inferior wall MI is the most common location of MI among gender, diabetics and hypertensive patients. A risk factor that is extremely powerful in one nation may not be as significant in another due to differences in the incidence of risk factors in various populations. Keywords: Coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, type of MI, site of MI, Hypertension, Diabetes, Family History.
Comparative Effects of Backward Walk Training and Vestibular Therapy on Balance in Patients with Vestibular Disorders
Authors: Malik Ayesha , Ali Anas , Ain Qurat Ul , Arslan Mutahira , Rehman Unaiza , Tabassam Ayesha , Atif Malik Muhammad
Published: February 2023

Objective: To compare the effects of backward walking program and vestibular therapy on balance in patients with vestibular disorders. Method: A randomized clinical trial was conducted on 46 patients into 2 groups that were allocated randomly. Group A consisted of 23 participants and were asked for backward walk across the room, by asking the patient to backward walk on a slope and steps in upward and downward direction with open eyes for the duration of 30 minutes, 3 sessions per week for about 6 weeks along with routine physical therapy treatment which included postural training while 23 participants of Group B received vestibular therapy that included gaze stabilization exercises, and Brandt-Daroff exercises along with routine physical therapy which included postural and balance trainings for the duration of 6 weeks for 3 sessions/week for 30 minutes. Statistics scrutiny was done by SPSS software version 23. Results: Post treatment analysis indicated that a statistically significant difference was there in across the group comparison, and within the group comparison. An improvement was seen in the outcome measures of Berg Balance Scale that was statistically considerable within the group. Time for completing the task in Timed Up and Go Test also showed improvement within the groups (p< 0.05). The subjective estimation of the sign and symptoms evaluated with the usage of Visual Vertigo Analogue Scale showed a considerable improvement in each group. Practical Implication: Backward walk training was found to be beneficial in enhancing the balance amongst people with excessive hazard of fall whereas vestibular rehabilitation improved signs associated with vestibular disorders such as dizziness, lightheadedness, vertigo and imbalance. Conclusion: This study concluded that backward walk training and vestibular therapy were equally effective in dealing with vestibular related signs and symptoms and complications of the sufferers. Backward walk training was found to be beneficial in enhancing the balance amongst people with excessive hazard of fall whereas vestibular rehabilitation improved signs associated with vestibular disorders such as dizziness, lightheadedness, vertigo and imbalance. The results of this study helps the physiotherapist that they will add the vestibular therapy interventions and backward walk training for the patients having vestibular issue to reduce their balance issues and other symptoms such as dizziness , lightheadedness , gaze stabilization and vertigo for better results. Keywords: Balance, Backward walk training, Vestibular therapy, Gaze stabilization exercises, Cawthorne-Cooksey exercises.
A Comparative Study of Desarda's Technique with Lichtenstein Mesh Repair in Treatment of Inguinal Hernia
Authors: Ahmad Tausif , Khan Liaquat Ali , Khan Farman , Khan Noorshad , Wajid Muhammad , Khan Ifranullah
Published: February 2023

Introduction: European hernia society (EHS) published a guideline that recommended Lichtenstein method for inguinal hernia repair. Currently Lichtenstein method is considered the most popular method. Desarda repair technique was used for the first time in 2001 which is still not considered as a standard tissue-based technique for inguinal hernia repair. We compared Desarda's technique with Lichtenstein mesh repair technique in treatment of inguinal hernia repair. Objectives: To compare the outcome of standard mesh-based Lichtenstein technique with the tissue based Desarda technique in terms of pain. Materials and Methods: After taken approval from hospital ethical committee, 250 patients were enrolled in the study. Enrolled patients were divided into two group. Group A underwent hernia repair through Desarda technique & group B will underwent hernia repair through Lichtenstein technique. Post-operative pain was assessed on day 7 and 30 by using visual analogue scale. All information was recorded on a pre-designed Proforma. The collected data from the patients through Proforma’s was entered in SPSS. Results: 250 patients were included in our study with mean age distribution 42.18+10.34 year. 82.8% patients were males while 17.2% were females. Mean SD of operative time for both groups (Desarda Group vs Lichtenstein Technique) were 23.41+ 0.17 vs 24.18 + 0.66. 111) patients (89%) 92 felt mild post-operative pain who were subjected to Group A while 14 (11%) patients suffered moderate post-operative pain with Mean SD 2.46+0.30. 88% patients felt post-operative pain who were subjected to Group B while 15 patients (12%) felt moderate post-operative pain with Mean SD 2.46+0.18 thus giving us almost same results as found in Group A. Conclusion: The results of inguinal hernia treatment with both Desarda and Lichtenstein technique are similar. So, we conclude the Desarda repair is as effective as the standard Lichtenstein procedure, allowing successful hernia repair without mesh in terms of pain. Keywords: Desarda's technique, Lichtenstein mesh, inguinal hernia
Medicolegal Aspect of Consent
Authors: Mushtaq Muhammad , Imran Zoya , Jawaad Imran , Maryum Urva , Mukhtar Humaira
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Consent is a legal requirement for all medical procedures whether surgical or non-surgical. Different types of consents are discussed in books, all fulfill legal requirements which totally depends upon the nature and type of case under process. Objective: Main objective of the study is to determine the awareness of public about consent and its legal value. Material and Method: It is a cross sectional observational study conducted at orthopedic department of Services Hospital Lahore, from 1st January 2019 to 29th December, 2019. A total of 125 patients were selected for this study. Study design: It is a cross sectional observational study. Setting: Study was conducted in the orthopedic department of Services Hospital Lahore. Duration: Study was conducted from 1st January 2019 to 29th December 2019. Data Collection: Data was collected through a questionnaire which was modified after pilot study. Results: Majority 60% of the patients believe that consent is a formality for any medical procedure. 76% of the patients have a feeling that consent is a medical document and has no legal value. 40% of the patients believe that by signing consent they forgive their right for any compensation. 48% of patient’s view consent as protection of their rights whereas 36% of them are unaware about this fact. Conclusion: This study concludes the ignorance of the people about the legal value of consent. A vast gap exists between the informed consent and the knowledge of the people signing this document. In the current situation inform consent need to be modified so that public should be aware about its importance. Keywords: Consent
Non-Adherence Factors Associated with the Use of Rivaroxaban Among Patients with Deep Venous Thromboembolism: A Single Center Observational Study
Authors: Badini Shoaib Muhammad , Rehman Zia Ur , Pirzada Muhammad Ammar , Iqbal Shahid
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To assess the rate and factors associated with non-adherence of Rivaroxaban in patients with deep venous thrombosis. Methodology: An observational longitudinal study was conducted at the Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University & Hospital, Karachi between June 2022 to November 2022. Patients with known malignancy with or without chemotherapy, those with a known diagnosis of hypercoagulability disorder or a history of limb trauma leading to deep venous thrombosis were included in the study. Patients who have refused to start rivaroxaban treatment prescribed by vascular surgeons, those with cognitive disabilities, such as dementia, who need to rely on a caregiver for their medical care were excluded. The frequency of missed doses, side effects, and causes of non-adherence to the prescribed treatment were recorded. Results: A total of 180 patients were recruited with a mean age of 66.3 ± 8.2 years. Out of 180 patients, 111 (61.6%) missed at least one dose during treatment. We reported the self-reported adherence of 70%. 72 (30%) were non-adherent. Majority revealed that they forget to take medicine; 78 (43.3%) or experienced side effects; 60 (33.3%). Five patients were hospitalized due to serious adverse events (bleeding per rectal and gastrointestinal). Conclusion: A significant percentage of non-adherence among participants was found in our study. One of the primary causes of non-adherence was forgetfulness. We recommended that patients get appropriate counseling on the expected results and negative effects of the medicine in order to promote adherence to Rivaroxaban. Keywords: Adherence, compliance, deep venous thrombosis, Rivaroxaban
PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF BIODIVERSITY / ECOSYSTEMS VULNERABILITY BY CLIMATE CHANGE AND SUGGESTION A SYSTEM OF MITIGATION MEASURES FOR THEM, CASE STUDY: HANOI CITY, VIETNAM
Authors: Mai Doan Huong Mai , Yen Mai Dinh
Published: February 2023

In the paper, the authors applied the following items in order to assess the vulnerability of ecosystems / biodiversity of Hanoi city caused by climate change and to suggest a system of mitigation measures for them:

The concepts on vulnerability, resilience, exposure, sensitivity, adaptation, mitigation according to guidelines of IPCC (2007).

The impacts of climate change on ecosystems/biodiversity according to the results of researches of CBD experts (2009).

Analysis the impacts of the factors of climate change on ecosystems/biodiversity according to the principles of ecological sciences.

The characteristics of all 13 main ecosystems/biodiversity of Hanoi city are research results of the authors and our colleagues.

Preliminary assessment of ecosystems/biodiversity vulnerability by climate change of the 13 above main ecosystems/biodiversity of Hanoi city are:

Group of ecosystems/biodiversity with high vulnerability: urban ecosystems, rural ecosystems, agricultural ecosystems, grassland ecosystems, land ecosystems yards outside the dyke.

Group of ecosystems/biodiversity with middle vulnerability: nature lake ecosystems, dam ecosystems, wetland ecosystems, stream ecosystems, big river ecosystems.

Group of ecosystems/biodiversity with low vulnerability: cave ecosystems, forest ecosystems.

A system of 7 mitigation measures must be applied, such as: to increase the sustainability of biodiversity/ecosystems, to reduce current pressure on biodiversity/ecosystems, to enhance community awareness, to actively implement REDD program.
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IMPEDES NK CELL AND T CELL MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY AGAINST COLON CANCER CELL
Authors: Subramani Baskar , Pullai Chithra Ramanathan , Radzuan Ezzati , Chinnasamy Arulvasu , Gounder Sellamuthu Subbanna
Published: February 2023

Although hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an admirable treatment for many cancer types, but the clinical impact of H2O2 on immune cells is not known. In the present study, we have demonstrated that H2O2 is a crucial factor to determine the cell mediated cytotoxicity of immune cells to the cancer cells. Natural killer (NK) cells and T cells were isolated from healthy donors and were activated and enriched the population at ex-vivo condition. At day14, activated NK and T cells were exposed to colon cancer cell at the ratio of 10:1 (Effector: Target) with or without H2O2 (50 µM and 100µM) treatment for 6 h and 12 h. Cytotoxicity assay showed that cytotolytic ability of NK and T cells was strongly suppressed in the presence of H2O2. H2O2 induced NK and T cell dysfunction was analyzed and results demonstrated that NK and T cells were lose their viability on dose and time dependent manner. Also, flow cytometry analysis revealed that H2O2 significantly suppresses the activation and proliferation CD8 T cell population. Whereas, NK cell subset (CD56bright and CD56dim) was dramatically altered by H2O2. When exposed to H2O2, CD56dim population was considerably increased at different time points.  Hence, we conclude that H2O2 directly or functionally defect the NK and T cell mediated cytotoxicity and however, further studies are warranted to confirm the concept with mild dose of H2O2 with different cancer cell lines.
STATUS REPORT OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS IN REPUBLIC OF MALAWI, CENTRAL AFRICA (14.32’39.954’S AND 35.11’26.269’E)
Authors: Thiruvengadam Vaitheeswaran , Sheril Carolin , Aumose Loyola , Mwale Mike , Mwale Paul Eric , Chazemba Charles , Msuzi Marvecous , Njolomole Dumilani , Beza Ackson , Khata MemoryN , Thindwa Neema , Kaduya Sybil , Faith  , Nyirenda James , Chisale Connis , Chinyama Josophine , Gama Eneless , Msisya Chrisy , Kaunda Dhummie , Moyo Hellen , Mdala Dennis , Chisale Connis
Published: February 2023

Worldwide, Tuberculosis has one of the top ten causes of death and the leading cause from a distinct infectious agent (HIV/AIDS). In 2017, MTB has been affected and it was estimated 1.2 1.4 million (WHO, 2018). Globally MTB was estimated 10.0 million people have developed of ailments in 2017, for men 5.8 m and women 1.0 m children. In global they are different age group and overall 90% were adults (aged ≥ 15 years), 9% was affected and living with HIV (72% in Africa including Malawi) and two thirds were in eight countries: India (27%), China (9%), Indonesia (8%), the Philippines (6%), Pakistan (5%), Nigeria (4%), Bangladesh (4%) and South Africa (3%) (WHO, 2018).
ON THE COMPUTER COMPUTATION OF THE 'PROBACENT'-PROBABILITY EQUATION APPLICABLE TO BIOMEDICAL-PHENOMENA RESEARCH: A REVIEW OF THE 'PROBACENT' FORMULA
Authors: Jang Chung Sung
Published: February 2023

Marked variations are generally found in percentages of response occurring in human subjects and other living organisms exposed to external stressors, depending upon intensity of stressor, duration of exposure and individual sensitivity in biological phenomena. A clear and exact quantitative mathematical relationship among these three factors namely, intensity of stressor, duration of exposure and percentage of occurrence of response in biological phenomena such as human tolerance to total body irradiation is not known. The author proposed a general mathematical formula of 'probacent'-probability equation on the basis of results from animal experiments, clinical data reported in the literature, and theoretical reasoning that approximately expresses the relationship among the three factors. For calculation of the 'probacent'-probability equation, UBASIC program was primarily used in researches in various biomedical phenomena, employing Compaq Presario Windows 95 during a period of 23 years from 1995 to 2017. In this study, a possibility of use of Apple computer (OS-X) for mathematical calculation of the 'probacent'-probability equation was examined.  Calcline and UBASIC programs were applied to computer computation of the author's previous publication, " Computer-assisted formulas predicting radiation-exposure-induced-cancer risk in interplanetary travelers: Radiation safety for astronauts in space flight to Mars" and compared with regard to accuracy and applicability in computer computation. Calcline program is found to be usable in place of UBASIC on Apple computer, MacBook. Similarity and difference between Calcline and UBASIC are presented.
PLACE OF ORTHOPEDIC TREATMENT OF DIAPHYSEAL FRACTURES OF THE UNCOMPLICATED HUMERUS IN A PRECARIOUS ENVIRONMENT
Authors: TJF TATA
Published: February 2023

Introduction: In Madagascar, the management of diaphyseal fractures of the humerus is essentially orthopedic, the functional result is difficult to evaluate because little study has been done.

Methods: We performed a prospective, single-center study of patients presenting with a diaphyseal fracture of the uncomplicated humerus treated orthopedically with CHUJRA from December 12th, 2015 to March 31st, 2017 and then reviewed at 6 months of follow-up for the functional evaluation.

Results: Twenty-seven cases were collected (2.16%). The average age was 38 years old. The sex ratio was 3.5. The road accident was the most common (63% of cases). 16 out of 27 cases were of type a, 6 of type B and 5 of type C. Eighty-eight percent of fractures were consolidated before the 17th week of management. No pseudarthrosis was encountered. At 6 months of follow-up, the functional score according to the modified Stewart and Hundley score was very good in 03 cases, good in 15 cases, 6 cases of good enough and 3 cases of poor results.

Conclusion: The diaphyseal fracture of the humerus is frequent and often secondary to a road accident in Madagascar. Orthopedic treatment not only allows for a high rate of consolidation but also a satisfactory functional recovery.
NOTE ON THE THREE MAIN THEOREMS OF THE MULATU NUMBERS
Authors: Lemma Mulatu
Published: February 2023

The Mulatu numbers were studied [1] and [2]. The numbers   are sequences of numbers of the form: 4,1, 5,6,11,17,28,45...  The numbers have wonderful and amazing properties and patterns. 

In mathematical terms, the sequence of the Mulatu numbers is defined by the following recurrence relation: 

In [1] and [2] some properties and patterns of the numbers were considered. In this paper, we investigate additional properties and patterns of these fascinating numbers. Many beautiful mathematical identities involving the Mulatu numbers in relation with the two celebrity numbers of Fibonacci numbers and the Lucas numbers will be more explored.

2000 Mathematical Subject Classification: 11
DIAGNOSTICS AND IDENTIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL TYPES OF DISTORTION OF MATHEMATICAL CAPACITIES
Authors: Leščáková Alena
Published: February 2023

The aim of the paper is to briefly describe the problem of mathematical skills diagnostics, which is performed by a special teacher. We will characterize dyscalculia - a developmental disorder of mathematical abilities, its types and symptoms. We will describe the professional and methodological problem with which a special teacher in a school facility meets and present a record sheet that is a creative solution to the problem. It contains tasks that capture all areas and factors of mathematical abilities, making it easier to identify a particular type of dyscalculia. In conclusion, we explain the meaning and usefulness of the record sheet, which facilitates the diagnosis of mathematical abilities, shortens the time of investigation, and specifically identifies individual disruptions, and is the starting point for designing a reeducational program for dyscalculus according to its weakened mathematical capabilities
ON A CLASS OF WEAKLY BERWALD SPECIAL (Α, Β)-METRICS OF SCALAR FLAG CURVATURE
Authors: S M Vanithalakshmi , S K Narasimhamurthy , M. K Roopa.
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we study the Finsler space with special (α, β)-metric is scalar flag curvature and we proved that, if it is weakly Berwald if and only if it is Berwald and vanishes flag curvature. Further, we found that this metric is locally Minkowskian.
INVERSE DOMINATION IN SOME OPRATIONS ON BIPOLAR FUZZY GRAPHS
Authors: H. AL-Emrany Saqr , M. Q. Shubatah Mahiuob
Published: February 2023

In this paper the concept of inverse domintion in some operations on bipolar fuzzy graphs was introduced and investigated the bound of γ8 of some operations on bipolar fuzzy graphs are obtained like union, join,Cartesian product, strong product and composition.
Erradicação do H. Pyloi: obstáculos e benefícios
Authors: Bezerra Thiago Augusto Rochetti , Cruz Ana Carolina Correia , Aguiar André Dias Mucci de , Danella Dimas Drummond de Azeredo Coutinho , Fully Guilherme Machado , Anastácio Letícia Frei , Cristofolini Rafaela Rivero Brachini Brambilla , Takahashi Victor Sudário , Santos Luana Carla dos , Martins Lourdes Conceição
Published: February 2023

O Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) é uma bactéria comum que habita a mucosa gástrica,                                   presente em grande parte da população mundial. É importante destacar que esse patógeno leva a um problema de saúde pública global, sendo associado a diversas doenças. Objetivo: analisar os obstáculos e os benefícios da erradicação do H. pylori. Metodologia: foi realizada uma revisão sistemática baseada na metodologia PRISMA,  escolhidos por 3 critérios: estudos transversais com abordagem voltada à erradicação do H. pylori em jovens e adultos. Foram analisados 221 artigos, em que 65 foram escolhidos e enviados para 2 pareceristas e 23 foram selecionados. Resultados: foi constatado por meio dos artigos, que muitas pessoas não sabiam como se dava a transmissão pelo H. pylori, como as baixas condições socioeconômicas e fontes de água e alimentos contaminados, em que os fatores de risco incluem adultos maiores de 30 anos, sexo masculino, pessoas empregadas e fumantes de narguilé. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que, a infecção pelo H. pylori é muito frequente no mundo, podendo ocasionar o desenvolvimento de doenças gástricas e neoplásicas caso não seja realizada sua erradicação.
Pengetahuan Kader Kesehatan Remaja Putri Tentang Konsumsi Tablet Fe
Authors: Wardhani Ratih Kusuma , Wulandari Ratna Feti , Fauziyah Nurin
Published: February 2023

Remaja putri (rematri) merupakan kelompok dengan risiko sepuluh kali lebih besar untuk terjadi anemia. Prevalensi anemia di Indonesia pada remaja yaitu sebesar 32% yang memiliki pengertian bahwa 3-4 dari 10 remaja Indonesia menderita anemia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan kader kesehatan remaja putri tentang konsumsi tablet Fe. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif,dengan pengambilan sampel penelitian menggunakan total sampling dari kader kesehatan remaja putri yang berjumlah 75 responden. Pengambilan data atau instrument penelitian berupa kuesioner. Teknik sampling menggunakan total sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner, dan analisis data menggunakan Analisis Univariat frekuensi dan persen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengetahuan yang baik yaitu sebanyak 44 responden (58,66%), responden yang memiliki pengetahuan cukup yaitu 26 (34,67%) dan Responden yang memiliki pengetahuan kurang yaitu 5 responden (6,67%). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini Pengetahuan kader kesehatan remaja umumnya sudah baik. Untuk itu kader kesehatan remaja putri dapat sebagai contoh dan role model untuk teman sebaya dan sarannya perlu adanya upaya peningkatan pengetahuan kader kesehatan remaja secara berkala yang dapat dilakukan di SMA/SMK.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Kader Posyandu dalam Pengolahan Makanan Pendamping Air Susu Ibu bagi Bayi Usia 6-24 Bulan
Authors: Amilia Rizkia , Andaruni Nurul Qamariah Rista , Makmun Indriyani , Harahap Ana Pujianti , Amini Aulia , Masdariah Baiq , Rospia Evi Diliana
Published: February 2023

Kekurangan gizi pada bayi dan anak akan menimbulkan gangguan tumbuh kembang yang apabila tidak diatasi secara dini dapat berlanjut hingga dewasa. Usia 0-24 bulan merupakan masa pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang pesat, sehingga kerap diistilahkan sebagai periode emas sekaligus periode kritis. Program perbaikan gizi dapat meningkatkan jumlah mutu MP-ASI, selama ini telah dilakukan, diantaranya pemberian MP-ASI kepada bayi dan anak usia 6-24 bulan dari keluarga miskin. Pemberian MP-ASI lokal memiliki beberapa dampak positif, antara lain; ibu lebih memahami dan lebih terampil dalam membuat MP-ASI dari bahan pangan lokal sesuai dengan kebiasaan dan sosial budaya setempat. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan ibu serta kader posyandu dalam mengolah MP-ASI lokal dengan benar. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan  dilaksanakan dengan menerapkan langkah-langkah action research dengan tahapan perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan evaluasi, serta refleksi. Hasil pelaksanaan pengabdian adalah ada peningkatan pengetahuan sebesar 70% dan keterampilan pengolahan MP-ASI sebesar 90%. Kesimpulan ada peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan ibu dan kader posyandu tentang pelatihan mengolah MP-ASI lokal. Saran pengabdian ini adalah perlu dikembangkan pelatihan pengolahan MP-ASI lokal dengan menu yang lebih bervariasi.
Peningkatan Pengetahuan Ibu Dalam Merawat Gigi Selama Kehamilan Dan Cara Merawat Gigi Anak
Authors: Pawarti Pawarti , Rezki Sri , Susatyo Jojok H.
Published: February 2023

Ibu hamil dan ibu balita  adalah kelompok rentan yang terserang karies gigi. Ibu yang memeriksakan diri ke Puskesmas Telaga Biru 100% mengalami karies gigi dan pernah menderita sakit gigi.  Faktor penyebab terjadianya karies gigi adalah   pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan ibu tentang kesehatan gigi masih rendah, Ibu belum mengetahui cara merawat gigi selama kehamilan dan merawat gigi anak balita. Tujuan dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat yaitu untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu tentang cara merawat gigi selama kehamilan dan merawat gigi anak balita. Sasaran pengabdian kepada masyarakat adalah ibu hamil dan ibu balita yang datang ke Puskesmas Telaga Biru Pontianak Utara Kalimantan Barat selama bulan Juli 2022 berjumlah 45 orang.  Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan promotif dengan melakukan menyuluhan menggunakan modul kesehatan gigi. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu tentang cara merawat gigi selama kehamilan dan merawat gigi anak balita, Pengetahuan ibu naik 14,5 poin sesudah diberikan penyuluhan. Hasil uji statistik (T test) menunjukkan perbedaan rata rata sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan dengan nilai p=0,00.  Dengan meningkatnya pengetahuan ibu diharapkan memberikan dampak yang positif terhadap kesehatan gigi mulut masyarakat khususnya ibu hamil dan balita, mengingat kerusakan gigi dapat mempengaruhi pengunyahan dan berakibat terganggunya pengunyahan dan asupan gizi. Oleh karena itu perlu digencarkan  pengabdian masyarakat terkait kesehatan gigi dan mulut  dengan memberikan pendidikan cara menggosok gigi, gizi yang berkaitan dengan kesehatan gigi, kebiasaan yang merusak gigi.
Pencegahan Karies Gigi Melalui Kegiatan Menyikat Gigi Dan Cuci Tangan Pada Masa New Normal Di SD Negeri 2 Baumata Timur Kabupaten Kupang
Authors: Fankari Ferdinan , Krisyudhanti Emma , Variani Ratih , Purnami Shri Ayu
Published: February 2023

Penelitian terkini mengenai dampak pandemi pada kebiasaan untuk menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut masih terbatas. Sejak pandemi COVID-19 orang dua kali lebih sering mencuci tangan (64%) dibandingkan menyikat gigi (31%). Pada anak sekolah penyakit gigi merupakan masalah yang sangat mengganggu, karena tidak saja menyebabkan keluhan rasa sakit tetapi juga menyebarkan infeksi ke bagian tubuh lainnya sehingga mengakibatkan menurunnya produktifitas. Tujuan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yaitu untuk mencegah penyakit yang banyak menyerang anak sekolah (karies dan diare), dan untuk   meningkatkan kemampuan hidup sehat  peserta  didik  dalam  lingkungan  hidup  sehat  sehingga  peserta  didik  dapat  belajar, tumbuh, dan berkembang secara harmonis dan setinggi-tingginya menjadi sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas. Metode pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini menggunakan action research / participatory research / penelitian kerja / penelitian partisipatif dimana siswa, guru dan orang tua terlibat aktif dalam kegiatan ini yaitu  praktek  menyikat gigi dan mencuci setiap hari. Hasil kegiatan ini telah dilakukan di SD Negeri 2 Baumata Timur, sasaran murid kelas I-VI sebanyak 130, berupa penyuluhan kesehatan gigi untuk seluruh siswa, pembagian sikat gigi dan pasta gigi untuk menyikat gigi bersama dan mencuci tangan pakai sabun dipandu oleh tim pengabdian masyarakat serta dilakukan pembagian kalender menyikat gigi untuk seluruh siswa dimana orang tua ikut mengawasi anak ketika di rumah dan guru mengawasi murid ketika di sekolah dalam hal menyikat gigi dan mencuci tangan. Media yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah poster kesehatan gigi dan phantom gigi. Kesimpulan kegiatan pada siswa SD Negeri 2 Baumata Timur telah dilaksanakan kegiatan mencuci cuci tangan pakai sabun sebagai upaya mengajarkan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat dan kegiatan penyuluhan kesehatan gigi, menyikat gigi bersama dan pemberian kalender menyikat gigi sebagai upaya mengajarkan perilaku menjaga kesehatan gigi.
Pendampingan 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan guna Meningkatkan Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Fitriana Yuni , Revika Era
Published: February 2023

1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan (HPK) merupakan masa sejak anak dalam kandungan hingga seorang anak berusia dua tahun. Periode ini terjadi pertumbuhan otak yang sangat pesat yang mendukung seluruh proses pertumbuhan anak dengan sempurna, yang jika tidak dimanfaatkan dengan baik akan terjadi kerusakan yang bersifat permanen (window of opportunity), oleh karena itu periode ini sering disebut sebagai “periode emas. Tujuan dilakukan pengabdian masyarakat ini untuk mencegah terjadinya stunting pada anak yang dimulai dari kehamilan hingga bayi lahir dan dilanjutkan hingga 2 tahun.  Kegiatan ini bagi Ibu hamil kehamilan TM II yang berada di wilayah Bantul, terdapat 9 peserta. Pelaksanaan kegiatan dilakukan pada tahap awal selama 1 bulan setiap 1 minggu pada hari Sabtu dimulai Bulan Juni 2021. Metode kegiatan dilakukan secara daring untuk menjawab tantangan pandemic covid 19, sehingga dilakukan dengan membuat Grup What’s Aplication dengan nama MILAJAKUN, zoom meeting application, Video Call Whatss Aplication. Penyuluhan dan pelatihan bersama secara online untuk memberikan wawasan dan persepsi yang sama pada peserta. Peserta diberikan kuesioner untuk pretest dan postest. Hasilnya Ibu hamil dapat memahami cara mempersiapkan persalinan dengan aman, stimulasi perkembangan janin dengan brain booster, mengajarkan pijat bayi dan senam maryam dengan mengoptimalkan  praktek secara mandiri dirumah.
Pivot, Pivot, Pivot– Navigating PhD Research on Lgbtqia+ Creative Professionals During a Pandemic
Authors: Cowdean Elizabeth
Published: February 2023

This article outlines an experiential journey of undertaking PhD research during the Covid-19 pandemic. The PhD project seeks to explore LGBTQIA+ professional’s experience of working in the screen industries in Northern Ireland and associations with their mental health and wellbeing. The current study began in September 2019, six months prior to the March 2020 lockdown, which impacted the study’s two-tier sequential qualitative approach consisting of interviews and a photovoice project. The study is ongoing at the time of publication. This article describes how the original study plans were adjusted across the course of the PhD due to the coronavirus pandemic, in light of challenges such as low response rates despite extensive recruitment strategies, and adjustments within the research design. Global events combined with working with an underreached and under-researched group brought about challenges to ensuring PhD progress and meeting research aims. The article ends with reflection on this journey, acknowledging the importance of supportive supervisors and university systems, and the learning and development that has been facilitated which serves to build researcher resilience.
The Final Chapter of my Thesis: How I Made the Most out of Finishing my PhD in Children’s Eating Behaviour During a Pandemic
Authors: Porter Lucy
Published: February 2023

In early 2020, national lockdowns in response to the Covid-19 pandemic meant that face-to-face research could no longer go ahead in the UK. This article describes my experiences as a final year PhD student who was in the middle of data collection for a feasibility trial of a children’s healthy eating intervention when the lockdown began. This reflective piece tracks my thought processes throughout the last year of my PhD, exploring the difficulties and decisions encountered along the way, as well as the serendipity of unexpected research opportunities.
Reading Alexander the Great in Medieval Bohemia: A Moralistic Example and a Functional Label
Authors: Cermanová Pavlína , Žůrek Václav
Published: February 2023

During the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, the figure of Alexander the Great and the stories associated with him became a stable part of the Bohemian literary landscape. Here, he represented a great ruler and conqueror, as well as a reminder of the transience of worldly glory and the need for humility. The study focuses on the role of Alexander's figure in different literary contexts and how the reading and use of the character have shifted according to the changing political and social situation.
Diversas modalidades de legitimación de capitales, y la utilización de las criptomonedas a tales efectos
Authors: Grisanti Belandria Andrés
Published: February 2023

La legitimación de capitales en la sociedad actual es un flagelo que azota en mayor o menor medida a todas las naciones del planeta, siendo una vía ampliamente utilizada por bandas del crimen organizado para manejar ingentes cantidades de dinero provenientes de operaciones delictivas, que luego son incorporadas por diferentes vías, al sistema financiero formal. Existen diversas modalidades a través de las cuales se lava el dinero mal habido proveniente de actividades ilícitas, destacando entre éstas al narcotráfico, tráfico ilegal de armas, prostitución, pedofilia, corrupción administrativa, todas las cuales envilecen el sano funcionamiento del aparato económico legal. A efectos de mostrar evidencia fáctica de esta realidad, en la investigación se abordan algunos casos que han tenido fuerte repercusión en la opinión pública, y que han sido cubiertos ampliamente por los medios de comunicación. Una vez revisado lo concerniente a la legitimación de capitales, y dentro del mismo espectro del estudio, se abordó la posibilidad de que el ecosistema financiero de las criptomonedas pueda estar siendo utilizado para llevar a cabo operaciones de lavado de dinero, esto sobre la base de que las monedas digitales poseen como principal característica el anonimato, realizándose sus transacciones sin la necesidad de la intervención de ningún intermediario. En este mundo cada vez más digitalizado e interconectado, la presencia de las criptomonedas irá creciendo de manera importante, por lo que es deseable tener el mejor conocimiento del funcionamiento de éstas, y así poder monitorear y canalizar su adecuada utilización en el ámbito económico y financiero.
Desempeño económico actual de la pequeña y mediana empresa venezolana. Una mirada desde la administración financiera
Authors: Lagardera Chacín Francis , Coello Alvarado Mariela
Published: February 2023

El presente trabajo  tiene como objetivo la descripción teórica de la administración financiera y el desempeño económico de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas PYME en Venezuela. Los tiempos actuales obligan a las PYME a contar con medios necesarios para poder subsistir en un ambiente económico y social muy competitivo y en constante evolución. Es donde surge la necesidad que los directores de las PYME, cuenten con herramientas apropiadas que les permitan  encausar a las empresas a un mundo donde quienes ganan no son los mejores, sino son los que dominan el juego de los negocios. A partir de un estudio teórico de  investigación, el cual contempla temas relacionados a la administración financiera, desempeño económico y las PYME venezolanas, que permita el establecimiento de mecanismos que proporcionen ayuda para la toma de decisiones empresariales. Esta investigación es de tipo documental, con un marco metodológico cuantitativa de carácter descriptivo.