bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seismic-Perturbed Obliquity Change as a Trigger Mechanism of El Niño Southern Oscillation Phenomenon
Authors: Rivera Paul C.
Published: January 2022

The global climate phenomenon of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is difficult to forecast some years in advance due to lack of understanding of its root cause. An alternative physical mechanism is hereby proposed to describe the nature and sustaining force, and predict the occurrence of El Niño and La Niña episodes. This is based on the earthquake-perturbed obliquity change model previously proposed as a major mechanism of the global climate change problem. Massive quakes can impart a very strong oceanic force that can move the moon which in turn pulls the earth’s axis and change the planetary obliquity. Analysis of the annual geomagnetic north-pole shift and global seismic data revealed this previously undiscovered force. Using a higher obliquity and constant greenhouse gas forcing in the global climate model EdGCM showed that the seismic-induced polar motion and associated enhanced obliquity could be the major mechanism governing the mysterious climate anomalies attributed to El Nino and La Nina cycles. The apparent eastward migration of high SST in the Pacific and the warming of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans south of the equator during ENSO years was correctly simulated by the model. The annual time series of global surface temperatures computed by EdGCM was compared with the observed global temperature and the results showed relatively good agreement. In addition, the heat wave that occurred in Europe during the summer of 2003 and the Russian heat wave of 2010 that killed over 55,000 people appeared to have been correctly simulated with higher obliquity. This study can help affected countries in water shortage contingency planning, disaster mitigation and may help prevent adverse economic and commercial impacts due to ENSO.
FAST principles for preprint feedback
Authors: Iborra Sandra Franco , Polka Jessica , Monaco Sara , Ahmad Sharon , Franko Maryrose , Mittal Shriyaa , Hindle Samantha , Mullins R. Dyche , Behrens Timothy E.J. , Dey Gautam , Puebla Iratxe
Published: January 2022

There has been strong interest in preprint commenting and review activities in recent years. Public preprint feedback can bring benefits to authors, readers and others in scholarly communication, however, the level of public commenting on preprints is still low. This is likely due to cultural barriers, such as fear by authors that criticisms on their paper will bias readers, editors and evaluators, and concerns by commenters that posting a public critique on a preprint by a more senior colleague may lead to retribution. In order to help address these cultural barriers and foster positive and constructive participation in public preprint feedback, we have developed a set of 14 principles for creating, responding to, and interpreting preprint feedback. The principles are clustered around four broad themes: Focused, Appropriate, Specific, Transparent (FAST). We describe each of the FAST principles and designate which actors (authors, reviewers and the community) each of the principles applies to. We discuss the possible implementation of the FAST principles by different stakeholders in science communication, and explore what opportunities and challenges lie ahead in the path towards a thriving preprint feedback ecosystem.
Menghidupkan Roh Agama-Jurnal PAIS Jawa Tengah_2018
Authors: Qosim Nanang
Published: January 2022

Sebagai tata nilai yang menyeluruh, agama sejatinya tidak dipahami sebagai doktrin mati. Agama perlu dipahami sebagai prinsip-prinsip yang hidup, bisa dibaca, dan dilaksanakan secara kontekstual, kapan dan di mana-pun. Dengan begitu, keuniversalan dan keotentikan sebuah agama akan tetap terjaga, tidak termanipulasi, apalagi lapuk terkena hantaman zaman.Pengontekstulisasian pesan keagamaan ini dianggap penting untuk diwujudkan, terutama dalam kaitannya dengan kondisi umat Islam yang sampai saat ini masih terperangkap dalam pusaran dogmatisme dan fanatisme agama. Betapa tidak, kini petuah ulama lebih dijadikan titik tolak kebenaran, dan perilakunya sebagai standar keimanan. Sementara daya kritis yang menjadi tuntutan dalam beragama dipandang sebagai yang tabu dan harus dihindari. Karena itu, tak mengherankan bila umat beragama makin terperosok ke dalam jurang taklid buta, di mana hal ini akan berimplikasi buruk pada pemahaman agama itu sendiri.
Asuhan Keperawatan Psikososial Dengan Masalah Ansietas Pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus: Studi Kasus
Authors: Lase Leni Suryani
Published: January 2022

Diabetes Mellitus adalah penyakit yang ditandai dengan ketidakmampuan tubuh untuk melakukan metabolisme karbohidrat, lemak. Diabetes Melitus (DM) merupakan penyakit kronis yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia kronik yang disertai dengan berbagai kelainan metabolik akibat gangguan hormonal yang menimbulkan berbagai komplikasi kronik
Analisis Video Comments to Video Views Ratio Instagram Pada 5 Sepatu Lokal Terbaik Versi Dr. Tirta
Authors: Pande Putu Bayu Hardika Raharja
Published: January 2022

The era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 gave a very significant change not only in terms oftechnology, but also in terms of marketing. Be it service marketing or product marketing.Usually when we market a service or product at least we have to give a little effort. Supposewe have to go to a nearby radio outlet or newspaper print media. Nowadays with the rapiddevelopment of technology, we can do marketing from anywhere only through an object thatwe call a smartphone or smart phone. The purpose of this study is to determine the credibilityvalue of the Instagram account performance of the 5 Best Local Shoe Brands version of Dr.Tirta. There are several steps that must be taken in this research, so as to be able to find thefirst rank of the Instagram account of the Best Local Shoe Brand version of Dr. Tirta that hasthe best performance. In this study, Compass Shoes have better performance credibility thanother local shoe brands.
Thе Influеncе of thе Еducation Lеvеl on Baby Hеalth in Namibian Womеn
Authors: Le T. Trang
Published: January 2022

Abstract: Thе purposе of this study is to sее if Namibian mothеrs with grеatеr lеvеls of еducation producе hеalthiеr infants (N=10,873). According to thе findings, Namibian mothеrs with a highеr еducational lеvеl had hеalthiеr infants than Namibian mothеrs with a lowеr еducational lеvеl. In tеrms of statistics, onе additional еducation yеar in Namibia is linkеd to a 6.5378 gram risе in Namibian birth wеight and a 0.50 pеrcеntagе point rеduction in Namibian low birth wеight risk.
Le Bosquet del Vau un établissement du néolithique final
Authors: frederic heller
Published: January 2022

Summary:The Neolithic site of the Bosquet del Vau is located in the Brabant Province in Belgium. Two different rescue excavations took place on the site both in 2006 and 2007 : the first was subsequent to a housing project of about 110 houses, the latter to the building of the R.E.R. (Express Regional Transportation System).The site was discovered in the 1980 by a group of three teenagers going flint tools hunting all around Waterloo and Braine l’Alleud. Flint tools pertaining to the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age were recovered on site as well as some Mesolithic flint tools.The site is located on a small sandy hill and covers 2.5 hectares. Steep slopes surround it to the west and north-west and gentler ones to the northeast and south, an isthmus exists to the east linking it o the plateau.The settlement is protected by a palisade to the east and south, a wide ditch links the palisade to the nearly valley to the west. The western side of the hill has seen its slope artificially steepened as did part of the northern side. No palisade was found on either of those two sides.Part of one house and a complete second one were discovered in 2006 and 2007. They are aligned north to south, 18 meters long and 4.5 meters wide. A narrow ditch houses the post holes, posts are maximum 0.30 m in diameter and spaced evenly. Central posts suggest a two-sloped roof. No hearth was found inside of the first house, the one of the second has yet to be associated with the house.A phosphate map was made in both cases, evidence points to a house divided into three parts, with maybe a cattle area next to the second one.Potsherds recovered in two postholes of the 2007 house fit together and could be dated to the Late Neolithic Period.Flint tools are mostly micro-denticulates though a few polished axes fragments have been discovered as well as arrowheads and a beautifully knapped flint knife.The various types of stones used: from black flintstone to Parisian flintstone and phtanite suggest here again a Late-Neolithic dating.
Predicting Round and Game Winners in CSGO
Authors: Rubin Allen
Published: January 2022

Win probabilities have become a staple on scoreboards in physical sports such as baseball and basketball. Esports, or competitive video games with sponsored teams and major audiences, typically lack this detailed statistical analysis, beyond bare-bones metrics and commentator intuition. However, the advantage of esports in their tendency to have a central record of every game event makes them ripe for statistical analysis through machine learning. Previous research has covered popular video game genres such as MOBAs, and has found success in predicting game winners most of the time. Counterstrike: Global Offensive (CSGO) is an esport that is unique in its round and game-based nature, allowing researchers to examine how short and long-term decisions can interplay in competitive environments. We introduce a dataset of CSGO games To assess factors such as player purchasing decisions and individual scores, we introduce 3 round and game win probability models. Finally, we evaluate the performances of the models. We successfully predict winners in the majority of cases, better than the map average baseline win statistics.
A Comparison of Pakistani Mothеrs with Highеr and Lowеr Еducational Lеvеls to Havе Hеalthiеr Infants
Authors: Lе Trаng , Nguyеn My , Le Kien
Published: January 2022

Abstract: Thе purposе of this study is to sее if Pakistani mothеrs with grеatеr lеvеls of еducation producе hеalthiеr infants (N=11,236). According to thе findings, Pakistani mothеrs with a highеr еducational lеvеl had hеalthiеr infants than Pakistani mothеrs with a lowеr еducational lеvеl. In tеrms of statistics, onе additional еducation yеar in Pakistan is linkеd to a 16.3053 gram risе in Pakistani birth wеight and a 0.85 pеrcеntagе point rеduction in Pakistani low birth wеight risk.
IMPACT OF AI AND DEEP LEARNING ON THE HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY
Authors: Patil Sanjay
Published: January 2022

Many healthcare organizations and facilities are currently attempting to improve either managerial or systematic operations. As a result, those businesses' performance has improved, as has their financial growth and reputation in local and global marketplaces. Deep learning and AI are utilized to control healthcare systems in this case. It aids in the provision of better service, the diagnosis of different diseases, and a variety of other tasks. Based on this, this paper will expound on the definitions of deep learning and AI, as well as the importance and change management applications of these tools.
The Temporal Aspect of Bodily Experiences of Emotions: Where do You Feel The First Sensation?
Authors: de Carvalho Ricardo Ramos , de Mello Claudia Berlim , Rocco Isadora Salvador , Noto Ana Regina , Leite José Roberto
Published: January 2022

Recently, body maps have increasingly been used to identify patterns in respect of the location of the physical sensations elicited by emotions. However, in addition to understanding how emotions are topographically manifest in the body, it is important to add a temporal aspect to deepen the interoceptive study of emotions. Therefore, the present study sought to explore the first perceived sensation. The study sample comprised a group of mindfulness practitioners (n=34) and a group of non-practitioners (n=64) to analyze if there was any difference in their perceptions of emotion. Participants were instructed to evoke five basic emotions (fear, disgust, anger, sadness, joy), and as soon as they became aware of where they felt the emotions start to emerge, were instructed to interrupt the observation and to indicate the region in a diagram of a human figure. Overall, the groups did not differ in the body regions identified for each emotion. Cochran's Q-test showed that the main regions mentioned were the head and the chest. In the case of disgust, the neck, rather than the chest, along with the lower part of the head were the most cited. The most cited regions corresponded to those identified in other studies of body topography as perceived with the greatest increase in activity in response to emotional stimuli. Regarding interoceptive awareness, the independent t-test verified that the mindfulness group scored significantly higher in all subscales of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the 37-item Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness questionnaire compared to the non-mindfulness group.
Motivations to reciprocate cooperation and punish defection are calibrated by estimates of how easily others can switch partners
Authors: Arai Sakura , Tooby John , Cosmides Leda
Published: January 2022

Evolutionary models of dyadic cooperation demonstrate that selection favors different strategies for reciprocity depending on opportunities to choose alternative partners. We propose that selection has favored mechanisms that estimate the extent to which others can switch partners and calibrate motivations to reciprocate and punish accordingly. These estimates should reflect default assumptions about relational mobility: the probability that individuals in one’s social world will have the opportunity to form relationships with new partners. This prior probability can be updated by cues present in the immediate situation one is facing. The resulting estimate of a partner’s outside options should serve as input to motivational systems regulating reciprocity: Higher estimates should down-regulate the use of sanctions to prevent defection by a current partner, and up-regulate efforts to attract better cooperative partners by curating one’s own reputation and monitoring that of others. We tested this hypothesis using a Trust Game with Punishment (TGP), which provides continuous measures of reciprocity, defection, and punishment in response to defection. We measured each participant’s perception of relational mobility in their real-world social ecology and experimentally varied a cue to partner switching. Moreover, the study was conducted in the US (n = 519) and Japan (n = 520): societies that are high versus low in relational mobility. Across conditions and societies, higher perceptions of relational mobility were associated with increased reciprocity and decreased punishment: i.e., those who thought that others have many opportunities to find new partners reciprocated more and punished less. The situational cue to partner switching was detected, but relational mobility in one’s real social world regulated motivations to reciprocate and punish, even in the experimental setting. The current research provides evidence that motivational systems are designed to estimate varying degrees of partner choice in one’s social ecology and regulate reciprocal behaviors accordingly.
Developmental trajectories of school-beginner’s ability self-concept, intrinsic value, and performance in mathematics
Authors: Niemivirta Markku , Tapola Anna , Tuominen Heta , Viljaranta Jaana
Published: January 2022

BackgroundAlthough research clearly demonstrates the importance of motivation in mathematics learning, relatively little is known about the developmental dynamics between different facets of mathematics motivation and performance, especially in the early years of schooling.AimsIn a longitudinal setting, we examined (1) how children’s ability self-concept and intrinsic value in mathematics change over time during their first three years in school, (2) how those changes relate to each other, and (3) how they connect with mathematics performance.SampleThe participants were 285 Finnish school-beginners (52.7 % girls).MethodsLatent growth curve modelling was used to examine the developmental trajectories of children’s ability self-concept and intrinsic value, and how those trajectories predicted later mathematics achievement (both mathematics test performance and teacher-rated grades), while controlling for previous mathematics performance and gender.ResultsThe results showed significant decreases in children’s ability self-concept and intrinsic value, but also significant individual differences in the trajectories. The strong dependency between the levels and changes in self-concept and intrinsic value led us to specify a factor-of-curves latent growth model, thus merging the trajectories of ability self-concept and intrinsic value into one common model. Subsequent results showed prior mathematics performance to predict change in children’s mathematics motivation, and both the level and change in mathematics motivation to predict third-grade performance and teacher-rated grade.ConclusionsOur findings provide evidence for a developmental link between children’s ability self-concept, intrinsic value, and achievement. Achievement seems to enhance mathematics motivation, and positive motivation appears to support the further development of mathematics skills.
If an Entrepreneur Founded the DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorder: When Axis II Meets Disruptive Innovation
Authors: Tackett Jennifer L , Reardon Kathleen Wade , Kaufman Melissa , Sherman Ryne A.
Published: January 2022

Personality disorder (PD) researchers proposed a highly innovative “paradigm-shifting” revamp for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition (DSM-5; APA, 2013). Yet, ten years later, Widiger and Hines (this issue) summarize a developmental process plagued by disagreement and stagnation, with little evidence of the field having reaped the desired benefits of this diagnostic revolution. In this commentary, we draw on principles from entrepreneurial creation, operation, and success—positioning the personality disorder scientists in the role of “disruptive innovator”—and summarize key principles from the entrepreneurial process that may be relevant in understanding the challenges and failures of the personality disorder revolution to date.
Unpalatable truths: Commitment to eating meat is associated with strategic ignorance of food-animal minds
Authors: Leach Stefan , piazza jared , Loughnan Steve , Sutton Robbie M. , Kapantai Ioanna , Dhont Kristof , Douglas Karen
Published: January 2022

Animal minds are of central importance to debates about their rights and welfare. Remaining ignorant of evidence that animals have minds is therefore likely to facilitate their mistreatment. Studying samples of adults and students from the UK and US we found that, consistent with motivational perspectives on meat consumption, those who were more (vs. less) committed to eating meat were more motivated to avoid exposure to information about food-animals’ sentience (Studies 1), showed less interest in exposure to articles about intelligent food animals (Studies 2a and 2b), and were quicker to terminate exposure to internet pop-ups containing information about food-animals’ minds (Studies 3a and 3b). At the same time, those who were more (vs. less) committed to eating meat approached information about companion-animals’ minds (Studies 2a-3b) and unintelligent food animals (Studies 2a and 2b) in largely the same ways. The findings demonstrate that, within the UK and US, the desire to eat meat is associated with strategies to avoid information that is likely to challenge meat consumption.
Population Externalities and Optimal Social Policy
Authors: Lawson Nicholas , Spears Dean
Published: January 2022

If fertility is not chosen in a socially optimal way, and if policies to directly target fertility are ineffective or politically infeasible, then public policies that affect fertility could have important welfare consequences through the fertility channel. We refer to these effects as population externalities, and in this paper we focus on one important variable that may have a causal impact on fertility: the education of potential parents. If increased education causes families to have fewer children, then a government would want to increase college tuition subsidies in the presence of environmental externalities such as climate change, to indirectly discourage families from having children who will generate future environmental costs. Alternatively, if fertility is inefficiently low, due to imperfect parental altruism for example, governments will want to lower tuition subsidies to encourage child-bearing. We present a simple model of the college enrollment decision and its fertility impacts, and show that such population externalities are quantitatively important: the optimal subsidy increases by about $5000 per year with climate change, and decreases by over $7000 per year with imperfect parental altruism. Our paper demonstrates how public economics can incorporate population externalities, and that such externalities can have significant impacts on optimal policy.
Removed
Authors: Park Michael
Published: January 2022

Removed until further notice.
Um Estudo Comparativo do Desempenho de Algoritmos para a Reconfiguração de Rede Elétrica
Authors: de Sousa Pezzutti Alysson Rômulo , Martins Joberto S. B.
Published: January 2022

Smart grids (SGs) have as one of their basic proposals to incorporate intelligence into the electric grid through computing and communication technologies aiming at greater efficiency and effectiveness in their operation and control. Power loss, quality, and failures are inherent in the generation process, transmission, and distribution of electricity and, in the context of SGs, should be minimized to ensure greater resilience and system efficiency. Dynamic and efficient distribution network reconfiguration is an example of an SG functionality. The reconfiguration process consists of adjusting or changing the topology of the distribution network from the opening and closing of switches to minimize technical losses, optimize operating parameters, and restore power supply in contingency situations. The nature of the network reconfiguration problem is combinatorial, complex, and non-linear. Aiming to minimize convergence time in search of a solution in medium and large topologies, heuristic and optimization techniques are an alternative. This dissertation proposes a new genetic algorithm, GAEnhanced (Genetic Algorithm Enhanced), to solve network reconfiguration and make a comparative study of performance aspects of this algorithm in relation to other solutions and algorithmic strategies used. The main goal is to evaluate the algorithm implementation strategies for dynamic reconfiguration and on-the-fly distribution networks from a broader perspective, in addition to proposing a new solution with the GAEnhanced algorithm. A simulator (DNRSim) with basic functionalities for implementation and tests of network reconfiguration algorithms for the Smart Grid was developed within the scope of this dissertation. The comparative study of the performance of the GAEnhanced algorithm and other solutions with the DNRSim uses the IEEE models for system tests (14-bus, 30-bus, 57-bus, 118-bus, and 330-bus). The comparative study results illustrate the different ways to efficiently compute network reconfiguration solutions (scalability, time, and quality) and demonstrate the feasibility of using the GAEnhanced algorithm in the context of Smart Grids in a perspective of deploying more autonomic and intelligent solutions.
Analysis of the curative effect of limb salvage therapy in patients with soft tissue sarcoma who underwent extensive resection combined with skin flap transplantation
Authors: Wu Wei-na , Cao Hai-ying , Feng Zhen
Published: January 2022

Purpose: Patients who were diagnosed with soft tissue sarcoma (STS) of limbs and met the indications for amputation because of no effective soft tissue coverage after extensive tumor resection were treated with skin flap transplantation and therapeutic courses were observed. 

Methods: A total of 23 patients, pathologically diagnosed as soft tissue sarcoma from January 2011 to June 2015 and whose effective soft tissue coverage was not guaranteed due to extensive tumor resections were included. They underwent extensive tumor excision and skin flap grafting. The postoperative follow-up, tumor control and functional recovery was evaluated as per the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score. 

Results: The follow-up time was from 8 to 60 months, with an average follow-up of 39.69 months. Of the 23 patients, 10(43.47%) died of tumor metastasis from 8th to 23rd months after surgery. In these 10 cases, 2 cases (8.70%) subsequently underwent amputation because of local tumor recurrence. The remaining 13 patients are recurrence free till date of follow up. The MSTS limb function score at 3 months after surgery of all patients were 7-28 points, with an average of 22.56 points, and the excellent and fair scores are observed in 91.30% of patients. 

Conclusion: For patients who cannot achieve effective soft tissue coverage after extensive resection of soft tissue sarcoma and meet the indications of amputation can have limb preservation by extensive tumor resection combined with skin flap transplantation with a good functional results
TP53 Mutation as Molecular Marker in the Assessment of Surgical Margin Status in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Rayamajhi Asmita , Acharya Bibek , Khanal B.
Published: January 2022

Genetic alteration of tumor suppressor and oncogene plays important role in development and progression of cancer. Tumor suppressor gene, Tp53 also knows as ‘guardian of genome’ has very important role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Mutation of Tp53 has been commonly observed in other carcinomas including HNSCC, comprising of 75-85% of head and neck cancer, with highest in larynx and hypopharynx followed by oral cavity. Tp53 mutation is more commonly seen in Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)-ve and wild type Tp53 in HPV+ve carcinomas. Role of Tp53 mutation help us to know about the prognostic state, molecular stage and chance of local recurrence. Different studies have highlighted the importance of assessing Tp53 mutation in the negative surgical margin, which showed mutation of Tp53 in the negative surgical margin resulted increase in chance of local recurrence. These studies provide significance of moving conventional method of histopathological assessment to molecular assessment, that gives advantage of proper management decision as well as prognosis of tumor. Regarding techniques of these assessments, molecular technique has been always superior to immunohistochemistry (IHC) but is somewhat tedious, so more clinical analysis on the alternatives of IHC combined with Next generation sequencing (NGS) gives the platform to perform more Tp53 mutation test in the surgical margin. This is the need of time to incorporate molecular staging in the conventional staging for proper treatment and outcome in the management of head and neck cancers.
Uses and Practices of Computer Application in Demographic Research Regarding Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Govinda Prasad
Published: January 2022

The computer was used to model, simulate and analyze social phenomena in the research. This study aims to analyze the uses of computer software in demographic research in Nepal. Information was gathered from secondary sources from reports of GOs and NGOs, manuals and guidelines of various software packages. Information was taken from the United Nations software package, World Health Organization, United Nations Population Funds and software package of the U.S. Census Bureau. Other’s information was taken from the National Housing and Census and Demographic Health Survey of Nepal. To achieve the objective of this study data are analysed in a descriptive method. This study has focused on computer software mainly SPSS, Mort Park, CS Pro, and STATA.
The roles of computer have been helpful in quantitative research. Its role is also important when the research is on a large sample. The computer assists the researcher throughout different phases in the quantitative research process. The major five phases of the research process are the conceptual phase, design and planning phase, empirical phase, analytic phase, and dissemination phase. The use of computer software is helpful in data entry, data editing, and data management. The data analysis software is supportive of processing and manipulating information and analyzing the relationship between variables. Therefore, the use of computer software can save money, time, and resources in research. In the case of Nepal, the Integrated Microcomputer Processing System (IMPS) was in the census in 1991. STATA and SPSS software packages were used for data editing, management, and tabulation of the census results. Open Data Kit platform and CAPI was used for data collection and the CS Pro software was used for data management in various demographic studies in Nepal.
Demographic Process of Population Ageing in Nepal
Authors: Bhandari Kamala
Published: January 2022

Population ageing is known as gradual increase in the proportion of the elderly population aged 60 years and above in the total population. In demographic process this study attempts to examine how demographic indicators i.e fertility and mortality explain the process of population ageing by subnational level in Nepal. In addition, the study also tries to assess the ageing parameters such as index of ageing, old age dependency ratio, and median age after 20 years to examine the speed of ageing process in population. This study follows descriptive and exploratory research design based on the existing data sheet of National Population Census, 2001 & 2011 and also uses other previous censuses' data collected by CBS to explore the trends in these demographic indicators and parameters. Based on almost all these indicators, this study suggests that Nepal is already in the process of population ageing. Fertility and mortality are declining with increasing in life expectancy. The growth rate of the old aged population is higher than the national population growth rate by over three-fold. Similarly, almost all the parameters of ageing seem gradually increasing over the year, which makes the conformation that greater proportion of elderly individuals in the population. This trend seems in all over the sub regions of the country but in different manner. As compared with other pace in process of population ageing is higher in Hill region and, province 3. At last study conclude population ageing is driven with the transition of the fertility and mortality where the level of fertility and mortality seems low with high life expectancy the proportion of aged population is higher and vice versa.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Family Planning Among the Currently Married Women of Reproductive Age of Shivasatakshi Municipality Jhapa District, Nepal
Authors: Bista Sarita Karki
Published: January 2022

This study examines the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Family Planning among the Currently Married Women of Reproductive Age (15-49 Years); a case study of Shivasatakshi Municipaity Jhapa district is based on primary data successfully collected from sample survey, covering 100 sample respondents` from 100 sample households. The main objective of the study is to fine out the knowledge, attitude and practice of family planning methods among currently married women of reproductive age group (15-49 years) and the specific objective of the study are to study the socio-economic and demographic determinants of currently use of family planning method and to identify the reason the reason for use and non-use of family planning. Out of 100 sample respondents 83 percent women are literate and 17 percent are illiterate. The major occupations of the respondents are agriculture and services. Among currently married women, 99 percent of respondents are found to be familiar with at least one family planning method. Out of total respondents, 91 percents are ever uses and 92 percent are currently using family planning methods. There is strongly positive relationship existed between use of family planning method and socio-economic and demographic variables like educational status of women and number pf living children. Easily accessible and no side effect are main reasons for using family planning method. Desire for and husband and family’s disagreement are most important reason for not using family planning method.
Challenges Related to the Increase of Religious Diversity in the Light of the Judicial Decisions of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Hucał Michał
Published: January 2022

European states responded in different ways to tensions related to the increase in religious diversity, and the restrictions introduced were considered appropriate when they resulted from public security and the need to protect others, especially if the state presented a credible justification. On this occasion, the case-law of the ECHR developed two key concepts for the determination of the presence of religious symbols in public places: a powerful external symbol and an essentially passive symbol. An important achievement of the Tribunal is also the introduction of the concept of “improper proselytism.” Certainly, a further increase in religious diversity in Europe may lead to new areas of controversy, which will then be assessed by the ECHR. However, the existing instruments used by the Court, such as the idea of the Convention as a living document, the theory of the margin of appreciation or the analysis of the existence of the European consensus, enable it to develop its interpretation in this regard.
The state of cardiorespiratory system in female students with idiopathic arterial hypertension under treadmill training
Authors: Soltysik L.M. , Levchenko V.A. , Bublyk S.A. , Sovtus V.I. , Svystun I.I.
Published: January 2022

Annotation. One of the most widespread pathogenic condition, among young women, is idiopathic arterial hypertension which significantly worsen the life condition, learning abilities and in future can lead to the development of arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, complicate course of the pregnancy and delivery. The aim of the research was to examine the functional state of cardiorespiratory system in female students of 1-3rd year of high school with the signs of idiopathic arterial hypertension under the fixed stress- test. The main group consisted of 32 female students of 1-3rd year of high school with idiopathic arterial hypertension. The control group was formed from almost healthy female students from the same years of study. The treadmill (Biomedical Systems), due to Bruce protocol, was used for estimating the level of tolerance to physical pressure. To assess the degree of reliability of the results of the study used a variational-statistical method of analysis of the results using a package of statistical programs Statistica V. 10 (USA) and the recommendations of O. Yu. Rebrova (2002). Under the treadmill test it was revealed the decrease of tolerance to physical pressure in female students from the main group on 31,24% (р<0,05), in comparison to the MET numbers got in the control group (37,11±2,16) ml/kg/min. Under stress-test reliable increase of heart rate in control group was observed after 6-8 minutes of training, in female students from control group the same reaction was observed after 3-5 min of training without its further increase. The increase of SBP in the main group at the peak of training was (20,88±3,12)%, in the control group – this index was completely higher (27,88±3,36)% (р<0,01). After the finishing of the stress test in the female students of the main group the duration of their heart rhythm and arterial pressure reviving was (9,85±1,22) min., that overcame the result got in control group (6,24±0,67) min. Thus, the treadmill test allows exactly reveal the level of cardiorespiratory system adaptation to physical pressure, aerobic capacity in young women with the signs of idiopathic arterial hypertension.
Diagnostic and prognostic value of psoas muscle thickness and area in patients with liver cirrhosis and sarcopenia
Authors: Motsiuk V. M. , Pentiuk N. O.
Published: January 2022

Annotation. Sarcopenia is a typical complication of liver cirrhosis (LC) and is associated with a poor prognosis. The skeletal muscle index is the most studied radiological marker of sarcopenia, but it’s using requires the qualification of a radiologist, specialized software, time reserve. The aim of the study: to investigate the relationship between different radiological markers of skeletal muscle mass, to determine their reference ranges for Ukrainian population and to assess their diagnostic and prognostic value in patients with LC. The study involved 216 healthy people and 147 patients with LC. During 18 months of follow-up 45 patients died from LC complications. Skeletal muscles were assessed by computed tomography. Skeletal muscle index (SMI), psoas muscle index (PMI), and transverse psoas muscle thickness (TPMT) at L3 were determined. Statistical data processing was performed in SPSS22. Diagnostic and prognostic value of SMI, PMI, TPMT were studied in ROC analysis. It was found that in Ukrainian population the reference ranges of SMI are >52.2 / 39.3 cm2/m2, PMI>6. 44 / 3.49 cm2/m2, TPMT>11.1 / 7.42 mm/m, in men / women, respectively. Sarcopenia was diagnosed in 54.9% and 86.3% of LC class B and C patients. PMI and TPMT had a high diagnostic value in sarcopenia detection (SMI≤52.2 and ≤39.3 cm2/m2) in male and female LC patients (AUC PMI 0.899 and 0.955, p˂0.001, AUC TPMT 0.884 and 0.942, p˂0.001). SMI, PMI and TPMT predicted one-and-a-half-year mortality in male and female LC patients (AUC SMI 0.815 and 0.786, p<0.001; AUC PMI 0.745 and 0.804, p<0.001; AUC TPMT 0.752 and 0.871, p<0.001). The optimal cut-off values for predicting death in male and female are: SMI≤49.1 and ≤38.4 cm2/m2; PMI≤5.99 and ≤3.30 cm2/m2; TPMT≤11.0 and ≤6.70 mm/m. Thus, routine assessment of PMI and TPMT in LC can identify patients with sarcopenia and high risk of complications.
Treatment of patients with occlusive-stenotic diseases of the arteries of the infrarenal aorta by the hybrid method
Authors: Shaprynskyi V. V.
Published: January 2022

Annotation. The treatment results of patients with arterial occlusive-stenotic diseases of the lower extremities as a result of obliterating atherosclerosis were analyzed. 79 patients underwent hybrid surgery. Most patients were ranged in age from 46 to 86 years. There were 175 men (72.0%) and 68 women (28.0%). The right lower extremity was affected more often – 148(60.9%) patients than the left ones – 95(39.1%). Of the 20 patients with stenosis of the iliac-femoral segment, 14 hybrid surgeries were completed with stenting. Endarterectomy or profundoplasty with different angioplasty options were mainly performed. Endarterectomy or thrombectomy with various angioplasty options was mainly performed in the occlusion of the femoral-popliteal segment. The main hybrid type of operation in the popliteal segment was thrombectomy of the popliteal segment and balloon angioplasty of the tibial segment. In occlusive stenotic lesions of the arteries of the tibial-foot segment in the vast majority of cases, autovenous plastics of the tibioperoneal trunk with balloon angioplasty of distal arteries were performed. The thrombosis was diagnosed in 8(10,12%) individuals as the most common complication in the early postoperative period. Limb amputation was performed in 3 patients. Mortality rate in the early postoperative period was 4,76%(2 patients died in the comparison group), in the main group there was no mortality. Acute myocardial infarction and stroke are among the most common causes of death.
Necessary diagnostic criteria of dental crowding in children during mixed dentition with different facial skeleton growth patterns
Authors: Krymovskyi K. G. , Kaniura O. A. , Kostiuk T. M.
Published: January 2022

Annotation. Pathology of dental crowding during mixed dentition is one of the most common and difficult in the practice of dentist-orthodontist. Its prevalence, according to modern scientific data reaches 77% and occurs in all pathologies of occlusion (malocclusions). The aim of our study is to establish the relationship between the formation of dental crowding and the growth patterns of facial skeleton during mixed dentition in order to improve the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment. We used 42 pairs of plaster models and 42 slices of cone-beam computed tomography images (CBCT) for patients aged 7 to 11 years. Randomization of patients into study groups was performed according to the facial skeleton growth patterns and the Little index value. The analysis was performed by the method of variation statistics taking into account the mean values (mode, median, arithmetic mean) and mean error (M) with the assessment of reliable values by Student’s t-test, as well as determining the correlation coefficient using the Pearson pairwise method to detect connections between the obtained indicators at the minimum probability threshold p<0.05 using the statistical package EZR v. 1.35. According to the results of the examined patients: 30 people (71.4%) had a severe degree of dental crowding on both maxilla and mandible (LII> 8 mm.), more often it was associated with the neutral type of growth – 82% (with vertical – 60%). Statistically significant correlations were found between severe degree of dental crowding and vertical and neutral facial skeleton growth patterns (p<0.05). The results of the CBCT study showed that narrowing of the upper pharyngeal airway (UP) according to McNamara was more common in patients with neutral (85%) and vertical (80%) growth patterns with skeletal II and I class malocclusions according to Engle, which were 55% and 35%, respectively. The study revealed that the vast majority of children with dental crowding with different facial skeleton growth patterns had clinically significant disorders of the development of both maxillary and mandibular apical bases and airways which required immediate interceptive orthodontic treatment.
Influence of VDR gene polymorphisms on the development and course of breast cancer
Authors: Sukhan D. S. , Liudkevych H. P. , Botanevych Y. O. , Lysytska Y. V. , Haidukov N. V. , Melnyk V. A. , Velykotskyi T. M.
Published: January 2022

Annotation. Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women. In the last 5 years, it has been diagnosed in 7.8 million women, and in 2020, 685,000 deaths from breast cancer were registered. The growing number of patients with this pathology and the cost of therapy creates a need to study new methods of diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, detailed attention is paid to genetic risk factors for cancer, in particular, the VDR gene and its polymorphisms ApaI, TaqI, BsmI and FokI. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to collect and analyze currently known information about these SNPs and their relationship to the development, course and effectiveness of breast cancer treatment. To do this, an extensive literature review was conducted using basic databases, which described the effect of vitamin D3 on the tumor process and found that VDR receptor dysfunction increases the risk of breast cancer and affects the sensitivity of patients to treatment, which proves the effect of polymorphisms. ApaI, TaqI, BsmI and FokI on the development of pathology. Therefore, the prospects for further research are to study the prognostic value of each polymorphism and develop new treatments for the disease.
History of the development of surgical science (based on publications from the fund of rare books and manuscripts
Authors: Mazur O. P.
Published: January 2022

Annotation. The article provides information about publications from the fund of rare and valuable publications of the Scientific Library of VNMU. MI Pirogov, which reflect the development of surgery in the XIX - early XX centuries.
Why do Patients with Acute Pneumonia Receive Intravenous Infusions?
Authors: Klepikov Igor
Published: January 2022

Currently, almost all urgently hospitalized patients immediately get access to the venous bed and begin to receive an infusion of solutions. This priority of this procedure is due not only to the need to have the most effective way of administering medications, but also to compensate for the loss of fluid, which in acute diseases has many reasons for this. Further recommendations for the correction of water-electrolyte and volume losses and the choice of the infusion rate are determined by the general criteria for their diagnosis in accordance with the parameters of the large circle of blood circulation. Considering AP, first of all, as a result of infection and not focusing on the localization of the process, modern medicine does not make exceptions in this therapeutic direction for patients with inflammation of the lung tissue.
Usage of Mushrooms in Culinary and Medicinal Purposes
Authors: Azizur Rahman Mohammad , Rahman Tawhidur , Rahman Moshiur , Arif Mirza
Published: January 2022

The present article reviews the history of mushroom uses in culinary, food and medicinal values; current status and future aspect of mushroom research. Mushrooms contain biologically active polysaccharides, lipid and proteins in fruit bodies, each of them has a distinct role in health as either nutritional value or medicinal elements. Immunostimulating polysaccharides found in mushrooms, are most important for modern medicine. Several of the mushroom biomolecules have undergone phase I, II, and III clinical trials and are used extensively and successfully throughout the world for the treatment of various cancers and other diseases. Medicinal functions played by the mushrooms include antitumor, antibacterial, antioxidant, antiparasitic, antidiabetic, detoxification, cardiovascular, antihypercholesterolemia, antiviral, antifungal, hepatoprotective, immunomodulating and free radical scavenging. The present review draws attention to nutritional and medicinal importance of mushroom as well as the problems and opportunity in the future development of mushroom research.
Skala Postaw Wobec Seniorów (SPWS). Prezentacja narzędzia
Authors: Łukasiewicz Jacek , Kowalski Wiesław
Published: January 2022

CelCelem badań była ponowna walidacja Skali Postaw Wobec Seniorów (SPWS) opracowanej na podstawie koncepcji postaw społecznych wobec ludzi starszych G. Miłkowskiej.
MetodaWalidację przeprowadzono na próbie 1025 osób w wieku M = 30,75 (SD = 14,05). Przeprowadzono eksploracyjną analizę czynnikową z rotacją Quatrimax surową, a trafność teoretyczną określono na podstawie analizy macierzy korelacji SPWS ze Skalą Zadowolenia z Życia (SWLS), Skalą Pomiaru Prężności (SPP-25), Skalą Ekspresji Gniewu (SEG), Skalą Poczucia Koherencji (SOC), Kwestionariuszem Postaw Życiowych (KPŹ) oraz Kwestionariusz Impulsywności (IVE).
WynikiWyodrębniono trzy podskale SPWS: Szacunek i Uznanie, Odtrącenie i Niezrozumienie oraz Dystans Społeczny o współczynnikach Alfa Cronbacha mieszczących się w granicach 0,70–0,93. Analizy korelacji z innymi metodami potwierdziły trafność treściową SPWS.
KonkluzjeWłasności SPWS sugerują możliwość wykorzystywania tego narzędzia w diagnozie indywidualnej i badaniach naukowych.
Trafność pomiaru kwestionariuszem Przymierza w Działaniu WAI-PC (wersja dla pacjenta) w psychoterapii systemowej osób dorosłych. Dowody z eksperymentu przeprowadzonego metodą zmian nieprzypadkowych
Authors: Prusiński Tomasz
Published: January 2022

CelCelem badań była weryfikacja trafności pomiaru kwestionariuszem Przymierza w Działaniu w wersji dla pacjenta (WAI-PC).
MetodaTrafność teoretyczną WAI-PC oszacowano eksperymentalnie za pomocą metody zmian nieprzypadkowych, zaproponowanej przez Cronbacha i Meehla.
WynikiWyniki testu t wskazały na istotne różnice między grupą eksperymentalną i kontrolną.
KonkluzjeBadanie dostarczyło dowodu na trafność WAI-PC jako narzędzia pomiaru przymierza w psychoterapii osób dorosłych.