bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Teachers’ Quality in Teaching and Learning at School Based on the Elements of SKPM Quality@School Standard 4: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR)
Authors: Norddin Muhammad Fikri , Wan Muda Wan Hanim Nadrah
Published: February 2025

The quality of teachers is the central pillar in the development of students in schools. In addition, the quality of teachers in various aspects can ensure that the quality of teaching and learning aligns with current developments. However, sometimes, teachers need to be more sensitive to the guidelines provided to shape the quality of teaching and learning in schools. Moreover, some teachers must be made aware of the current changes in the national education system. Guidelines for generating quality teachers in terms of learning and facilitation aspects have been introduced by the Ministry of Education Malaysia (KPM). However, the need for more awareness in implementing the elements of SKPM Quality @ School Standard 4 raises deep concerns about the quality of teaching and learning by teachers in schools, which are expected to meet the aspirations of the national education system in the future. Therefore, this study examines the factors influencing teachers’ quality in teaching and learning at school based on the elements of SKPM Quality@School Standard in various types of schools. This qualitative study uses a descriptive design. Data was collected through document analysis from journals, articles, proceedings, and theses. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings of the study indicate that five main factors influence teachers’ quality in teaching and learning based on the elements of SKPM Quality@School Standard 4 elements in various schools. Moreover, this study is still a hot topic of discussion. It requires more in-depth examination because there are still gaps in applying the SKPM Quality @ School Standard 4 elements among school teachers. Therefore, understanding and delving into these elements can produce quality teachers in Teaching and Learning to provide the best education on par with other countries. This aligns with the Ministry of Education Malaysia's Strategic Plan (PSKPM) 2024-2030, based on Strategic Core 1, aimed at improving access and quality of education in Malaysia. Hopefully, this study can provide a valuable impact on all scholars, especially teachers, in collectively shaping knowledgeable and informed children starting from primary school.
Analisis Efektivitas Kewajiban Peningkatan Ilmu Pengetahuan yang dibuat oleh Ikatan Notaris Indonesia dalam Rangka Meningkatkan Profesionalisme (Studi pada Ikatan Notaris Indonesia Wilayah Sumatera Utara)
Authors: Malkany Fadhil Yusuf , Purba Hasim , Suprayitno
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini mengkaji peran vital Ikatan Notaris Indonesia (I.N.I) dalam meningkatkan profesionalisme notaris melalui program peningkatan ilmu pengetahuan, dengan fokus pada tanggung jawab I.N.I, efektivitas pelaksanaan seminar/upgrading, dan kendala yang dihadapi. Menggunakan metode penelitian lapangan bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif di wilayah Sumatera Utara, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa I.N.I memiliki tanggung jawab signifikan dalam pembinaan profesionalisme notaris sesuai UUJN Nomor 2 Tahun 2014, dengan program seminar dan upgrading yang telah memberikan dampak positif meski masih menghadapi kendala seperti keterbatasan waktu, jarak, dan anggaran, sehingga diperlukan pengembangan sistem pembelajaran yang lebih adaptif dan evaluasi berkelanjutan untuk mengoptimalkan peningkatan kualitas pelayanan notaris kepada masyarakat.
Exceptions to the Right to Be Forgotten in Relation to Press Freedom in the Digital Era
Authors: Theon Charles  , Kiki Kristanto  , Rizki Setyowibowo Sangalang
Published: February 2025

The rapid development of technology has significantly transformed the dissemination and accessibility of information in Indonesia. With 77% of the population being internet users in 2023, issues surrounding personal data protection and freedom of the press are becoming increasingly critical. The "Right to be Forgotten" (RTBF), inspired by the European Union's GDPR framework, has been incorporated into Indonesia's Personal Data Protection Act No. 27 of 2022. This legislation grants individuals the right to erase personal data under certain conditions. However, this right faces challenges when it intersects with press freedom, a cornerstone of democracy. The Indonesian law does not explicitly address the exemption of RTBF in the context of freedom of expression and public interest reporting, unlike the GDPR. This gap potentially poses a threat to journalistic activities, especially in reporting sensitive issues like legal proceedings or public figures' misconduct. This study employs a legal research method with statute, conceptual, and comparative approaches to analyze this intersection. The findings highlight the need for balanced regulations that protect personal privacy without undermining press freedom. As such, considering technological advancements and societal needs, is essential for ensuring the coexistence of these fundamental rights.
Criminal Policy on the Distribution of Pornographic Content Through Electronic Media
Authors: Ingrid Angelina Lukito Arif  , Nynda Fatmawati O
Published: February 2025

The dissemination of pornographic content in cyberspace represents a complex challenge arising from advancements in information and communication technology. This content is widely accessible and distributed through social media and instant messaging platforms, presenting significant obstacles in law enforcement and criminal accountability. In Indonesia, the dissemination of pornographic content is regulated under Law No. 44 of 2008 on Pornography and Law No. 11 of 2008 on Information and Electronic Transactions (ITE). These laws prohibit the creation, distribution, and access to pornographic materials, with clear criminal sanctions for violators. Two models of liability are addressed: individual and corporate. Individual accountability involves actions such as uploading content, while corporate liability pertains to platforms facilitating its dissemination. Enforcement challenges include user anonymity and resource limitations among law enforcement agencies. To address this issue, preventive measures such as public education on the dangers of pornography and involvement of internet service providers in monitoring illegal content are crucial. International cooperation is also essential to tackle cross-border violations. With collective efforts, the spread of pornographic content can be mitigated. Effective prosecution, based on the relevant legal framework, is imperative to deter violations, protect society, and foster a safer cyberspace environment.
Nota Técnica n. 73 (Dinte) : Agenda político-institucional do estado brasileiro : uma visão antecipada do mês de outubro de 2024
Authors: Lassance Antônio
Published: February 2025

Esta Nota Técnica atualiza, para o mês de outubro, o levantamento prospectivo que anteriormente antecipou o calendário de eventos e as agendas político-institucionais do Estado brasileiro para todo o ano de 2024 (Texto para Discussão n° 1312, 2024). Ao final, é feita uma análise que consolida as agendas de maior destaque no mês. Os destaques ficam por conta da agenda de combate aos incêndios; das eleições municipais; do impasse na tramitação, no Senado, da agenda da reforma tributária; da nova regulamentação das lotéricas de apostas de quota fixa (as casas de apostas online ou bets); das negociações sobre o "orçamento secreto" e as chamadas "emendas pix"; das reuniões de grupos de trabalho do G20 e, por fim, da agenda de repatriação da população brasileira que vive no Oriente Médio, diante da escalada dos conflitos naquela região.
A Tentative Detection of a Point Source in the Disk Gap of HD 100546 with VLT/SPHERE-IRDIS Sparse Aperture Masking Interferometry*
Authors: Blakely Dori , Johnstone Doug , Stolker Tomas , Benisty Myriam , Kammerer Jens , Norfolk Brodie J. , Thompson William , Berger Jean-Philippe
Published: February 2025

We reanalyze VLT/SPHERE-IRDIS K- and H-band sparse aperture masking interferometry data of the transition disk HD 100546 observed in 2018 and 2021, respectively. We fit geometrical models to the closure phases extracted from both datasets. We compare three model classes: a forward scattering disk, a forward scattering disk plus an arbitrary asymmetric disk feature, and a forward scattering disk plus an unresolved point source in the disk gap. We find that the forward scattering disk plus point-source model is the best representation of the data. We find that this point-source candidate moved from a position of sep. =

39
.

9

−
3.3

+
2.8

mas, P.A. =

124
.

1

−
1.0

+
1.0

degrees to a sep. =

50
.

0

−
1.0

+
1.0

mas, P.A. =

106
.

4

−
1.4

+
1.4

degrees between 2018 and 2021. Both of these positions are well within the ~13 au (~120 mas) disk gap, favouring the point-source interpretation. We explore the orbital parameter space that is consistent with the measured relative astrometry. We find orbits either with a similar orientation to the outer disk, with a high eccentricity e ≿ 0.65, or orbits with a large relative inclination (∼60°) to the outer disk, and any eccentricity. Despite the significance of the observed point-source signal, follow-up observations will be necessary to conclusively determine its nature.
A Pilot Study for the CSST Slitless Spectroscopic Quasar Survey Based on Mock Data
Authors: Pang Yuxuan , Wu Xue-Bing , Fu Yuming , Zhu Rui , Lyu Bing , Wang Huimei , Feng Xiaotong
Published: February 2025

The wide survey of the Chinese Space Station Telescope (CSST) will observe a large field of 17,500 deg2. The GU, GV, and GI grism observations of CSST will cover the wavelength range from 2550 to 10000 Å at a resolution of R ∼ 200 and a depth of about 22 AB magnitude for the continuum. In this paper, we present a pipeline to identify quasars and measure their physical properties with the CSST mock data. We simulate the raw images and extract the one-dimensional grism spectra for quasars, galaxies, and stars with r-band magnitudes of 18 < mr
 < 22 using the CSST Cycle 6 simulation code (https://csst-tb.bao.ac.cn/code/csst_sim/csst-simulation). Using a convolution neural network, we separate quasars from stars and galaxies. We measure the redshifts by identifying strong emission lines of quasars. We also fit the 1D slitless spectra with QSOFITMORE to estimate black hole masses and Eddington ratios. Our results show that CSST slitless spectroscopy can effectively separate quasars with redshifts z = 0−5 from other types of objects with an accuracy of 99%. Among those successfully classified quasars, 90% of them could have precise redshift measurements with σ
NMAD = 0.002. The scatters of black hole masses and Eddington ratios from the spectral fittings are 0.13 and 0.15 dex, respectively. The metallicity diagnosis line ratios have a scatter of 0.1–0.2 dex. Our results show that the CSST slitless spectroscopy survey has the potential to discover about 0.9 million new quasars and provide important contributions to the science of active galactic nuclei and cosmology.
Einstein Probe Discovery of EP J005245.1−722843: A Rare Be–White Dwarf Binary in the Small Magellanic Cloud?
Authors: Marino A. , Yang H. N. , Coti Zelati F. , Rea N. , Guillot S. , Jaisawal G. K. , Maitra C. , Ness J.-U. , Haberl F. , Kuulkers E. , Yuan W. , Feng H. , Tao L. , Jin C. , Sun H. , Zhang W. , Chen W. , van den Heuvel E. P. J. , Soria R. , Zhang B. , Weng S.-S. , Ji L. , Zhang G. B. , Pan X. , Lv Z. , Zhang C. , Ling Z. X. , Chen Y. , Jia S. , Liu Y. , Cheng H. Q. , Li D. Y. , Gendreau K. , Ng M. , Strohmayer T.
Published: February 2025

On 2024 May 27, the Wide-field X-ray Telescope on board the Space Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Einstein Probe (EP) mission detected enhanced X-ray emission from a new transient source in the Small Magellanic Cloud during its commissioning phase. Prompt follow-up with the EP Follow-up X-ray Telescope, the Swift X-ray Telescope. and NICER have revealed a very soft, thermally emitting source (kT ~ 0.1 keV at the outburst peak) with an X-ray luminosity of L ~ 4 × 1038 erg s−1, labeled EP J005245.1−722843. This supersoft outburst faded very quickly in a week's time. Several emission lines and absorption edges were present in the X-ray spectrum, including deep nitrogen (0.67 keV) and oxygen (0.87 keV) absorption edges. The X-ray emission resembles the supersoft source phase of typical nova outbursts from an accreting white dwarf (WD) in a binary system, despite the X-ray source being historically associated with an O9-B0e massive star exhibiting a 17.55 day periodicity in the optical band. The discovery of this supersoft outburst suggests that EP J005245.1−722843 is a BeWD X-ray binary: an elusive evolutionary stage where two main-sequence massive stars have undergone a common envelope phase and experienced at least two episodes of mass transfer. In addition, the very short duration of the outburst and the presence of Ne features hint at a rather massive, i.e., close to the Chandrasekhar limit, Ne–O WD in the system.
Magnetic Field Amplification during Stellar Collisions between Low-mass Stars
Authors: Ryu Taeho , Sills Alison , Pakmor Ruediger , de Mink Selma , Mathieu Robert
Published: February 2025

Blue straggler stars in stellar clusters appear younger and bluer than other cluster members, offering a unique opportunity to understand the stellar dynamics and populations within their hosts. In the collisional formation scenario, excessive angular momentum in the collision product poses a challenge, as the consequent significant mass loss during transition to a stable state leads to a star with too low of a mass to be a blue straggler, unless it spins down efficiently. While many proposed spin-down mechanisms require magnetic fields, the existence or strength of these magnetic fields has not been confirmed. Here, we present 3D moving-mesh magnetohydrodynamical simulations of collisions between low-mass main-sequence stars and investigate magnetic field amplification. Magnetic field energy is amplified during collisions by a factor of 108–1010, resulting in the magnetic field strength of 107–108 G at the core of the collision product, independent of collision parameters. The surface magnetic field strengths increase up to 10–104 G. In addition, a distinctly flattened, rotating gas structure appears around the collision products in off-axis collisions, suggesting potential disk formation. These findings indicate that magnetic braking and disk locking could facilitate spin-down, enabling the formation of blue straggler stars.
Validation of Two Earth-mass Planets Orbiting GJ 1002
Authors: Castro Nieva Paula Andrea , Dodson-Robinson Sarah , Ramirez Delgado Victor
Published: February 2025

GJ 1002 is reported to host two Earth-mass planets in the habitable zone. We applied frequency-domain techniques for validating planet discoveries to the ESPRESSO and CARMENES radial velocity (RV) and cross-correlation full width at half maximum time series. Siegel’s test applied to Welch’s power spectrum estimates suggests that periodicity in the RV time series may not be statistically significant. The frequency response to a sinusoid with the frequency of planet b, or pseudowindow, shows excess power near the frequency of planet c. Finally, a Monte Carlo experiment where we create new RV time series realizations by adding white noise to original data reveals that the highest periodogram peak sometimes occurs at half the frequency of planet c. More extreme-precision observations are required to confirm RV oscillations and constrain the rotation period.
Taxonomic review of Korean Siphonaria species (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Siphonariidae)
Authors: Kim Yukyung , Park Jina , Hwang Ui Wook , Park Joong-Ki
Published: February 2025

Many molluscan species exhibit a high degree of shell morphological plasticity in their shape (including sculptures), size and colour patterns, which can vary significantly depending on environmental conditions. These shell morphological variations make it challenging to differentiate species, based on morphology alone, often resulting in various taxonomic errors, such as misidentifications, overlooking cryptic species diversity or a plethora of nominal species. The genus Siphonaria constitutes a significant component of the macrobenthic invertebrate fauna in intertidal habitats across temperate to tropical regions. Given the limited attention to shell variation in previous taxonomic studies on the Korean Siphonaria species, the extensive range of ecophenotypic shell variations documented in this group raises questions about the taxonomic validity of previously reported Siphonaria species in Korea.

The present study provides a comprehensive taxonomic review of Korean Siphonaria species using a combination of shell morphology, radula structure and phylogenetic analysis of the mtDNA cox1 sequences. This integrative analysis confirmed the validity of S. acmaeoides, S. japonica and S. sirius in Korea, highlighting differences in shell and siphonal groove morphology amongst these species. Detailed descriptions of shell and radula characteristics, along with mtDNA cox1 sequences as DNA barcodes, are also provided, which are very useful for the accurate identification of Siphonaria species. Unlike these three Siphonaria species, the taxonomic validity of the four other species (S. coreensis, S. javanica, S. laciniosa and S. rucuana) previously reported from Korean waters is questionable, given their documented geographic distribution ranges and the potential misidentification of shell variants in Korean malacofaunal studies.
Lymphomes diffus à grandes cellules B : des pathologies plurielles h étérogènes
Authors: Bonnin Alicia , Vignon Georges , Labrousse Julien , Pasini Sophie , Carrere Frédéric , Augereau Pierre-Frédéric , Aucher Philippe , Mottaz Philippe , Lellouche Franck
Published: February 2025

Les lymphomes diffus B à grandes cellules sont des pathologies qui, en dehors de certains centres hospitaliers universitaires, sont investigués par les seuls anatomo-pathologistes, « échappant » ainsi la plupart du temps aux données que pourraient proposer les laboratoires d’hématologie. La connaissance des principales caractéristiques de leur classification par tous les protagonistes est importante afin que le dialogue inter-spécialités puisse être fructueux et que la pathologie soit catégorisée le plus précisément possible. L’objet de cet article est de rappeler aux biologistes les principaux caractères cliniques, morphologiques, immunophénotypiques, cytogénétiques et moléculaires de ces hémopathies hétérogènes répertoriées par l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé, en montrant, sur différentes figures, les aspects souvent observables par le cytologiste.
Kraynska grammatika. Bibliotheca Carnioliae
Authors: Pohlin Marko , Faganel Jože
Published: February 2025

The edition contains two fundamental works by Marko Pohlin, the beginner of Slovenian national revival. His Slovenian grammar, written in German, and his lexicon of Carniolan writers, written in Latin, are presented in two versions: original (facsimile) and Slovenian translation. Kraynska grammatika is not only important testimony to contemporary language and philology, but also one of the first manifestations of national pride. Bibliotheca Carnioliae is alphabetically arranged list of all Carniolan writers, regardless of the language of their works – it is an important precursor of scholarly literary history. The edition also contains bibliography of works by and on Pohlin and commentaries.
Impact of Digital Streaming on Malaysian Cinema
Authors: Wahab Juliana Abdul , Norashiddin Faris Hakim
Published: February 2025

The rise of digital streaming platforms has significantly disrupted the traditional models of production, distribution, and consumption in the Malaysian film industry. This shift has led to both opportunities and challenges, including democratized access to film distribution, a diversification of the film landscape, and the transformation of audience consumption habits. However, the transition also presents difficulties, such as increased competition with global content and the risk of diluting local narratives. The aim of this chapter is to explore how digital streaming platforms have transformed the Malaysian film industry, focusing on the impact of new technologies on production and distribution, the shift in audience consumption patterns, and the challenges posed by globalisation. It will also examine how these changes have created opportunities for indie filmmakers while addressing the broader implications for the future of Malaysian cinema.
Cinematic Explorations
Authors: Pathak Juhi P.
Published: February 2025

Jahnu Barua, a well-known filmmaker, has made significant contributions to the industry. However, there is a lack of academic literature on his work and Assamese cinema overall. This chapter addresses this gap by analyzing the theme of rural-urban migration in Barua's films and delving into the psychological dynamics of migration and the longing for rootedness. Through a close analysis of his works the research highlights the profound interplay between rural-urban migration and the human yearning for a sense of belonging. Central to this exploration is the concept of place attachment—the emotional bonds individuals develop with their environment, shaped by culture, memory, and identity. Barua's narratives capture the dislocation, alienation, and resilience of individuals grappling with transitions while celebrating the enduring pull of one's origins. The chapter underscores how Barua's films act as cultural texts that reflect societal shifts and human emotions, offering a lens to understand the intrinsic human connection to place in an era of rapid globalization and urbanization.
The Evolution of Lollywood
Authors: Aksar Iffat Ali , Siddiqua Ayesha
Published: February 2025

This chapter discusses Pakistan's film industry's milestones and changes, reflecting its issues and ambitions. It also presents Pakistan's cinematic history and how it shapes culture. Looking at notable films, industry dynamics, and artistic expressions reveals how cinema has mirrored societal changes, emphasising concerns, providing escapist solace, and linking with national identity. The chapter discusses how modern Pakistani filmmakers blend classic tales with fresh ideas from the golden age to the downfall, censorship, and comeback. After Partition, India's film industry became one of the world's largest. Since the 1990s, Pakistan's film industry has collapsed, with no films created in 2012. Pakistan's film industry's history after its height is scarce in academic and archival sources. The 1947–1997 era saw Pakistan's film industry expand and endure significant socio-political transformations. This historical backdrop is essential to understanding the industry's history and Pakistan's 'established' or 'traditional' cinema, termed old media.
From Melody to Meaning
Authors: Khan Saad Ullah , Khan Sadaf , Sachdev Mani
Published: February 2025

This study examines the evolutionary trajectory of Bollywood lyrics, elucidating their profound metamorphosis from mere melodic embellishments to potent conduits of societal reflections and changes. Spanning from the inception of talkie cinema to the present day, this research offers a comprehensive decade-wise analysis of how Bollywood lyrics reflect and shape Indian society and culture. Each decade unfolds as a distinct chapter in Bollywood's storied history, encapsulating shifting paradigms of Indian society. The 1930s and 1940s marked the genesis of Bollywood lyrics, focusing on themes of love, devotion, and liberation from colonial rule. The idealism of the 1950s and 1960s celebrated patriotism and familial values, contrasting with the realism and social critique that characterized the 1970s amidst political upheaval. As globalization shaped the 1990s and beyond, Bollywood lyrics embraces diverse themes including environmentalism and LGBTQ+ rights. Ultimately, this study deciphers how music, culture, and societal shifts intertwine and illuminate Bollywood's lasting lyrical impact.
New Age Film Narratives
Authors: Prachi D.
Published: February 2025

Hollywood has been the forerunner in defining global cinematic practices. Its formulaic films follow three-act narrative structure along with the adoption of Christopher Vogler's character archetypes as a golden script writing rule. However, with film streaming, filmmakers are experimenting to make the plot and film characters more engaging. The chapter highlights 'new age' (emerging) film narratives from cinemas of Asia that promise commercial gains through improved content engagement. To study the same, 14 top ranked films streaming on Netflix in Asian countries have been analysed based on their multi-country and English language availability and appeal. The analysis theorizes creative adaptation of film narratives. The deviations in the treatment provided to the dominant characters explain the success of chartbuster cinema in Asia, i.e., films garnering significant revenue. These techniques can be used by media practitioners and filmmakers for improved story retention, thereby leading to fan base creation, meaning prolonged return on investment of the film.
Foundations of Smart Water and Artificial Intelligence Technologies
Authors: Ruiz-Vanoye Jorge A. , Diaz-Parra Ocotlán , Marroquín-Gutiérrez Francisco , Salgado-Ramírez Julio C. , Ramos-Fernández Julio Cesar , Xicotencatl-Pérez Juan M. , Ortiz-Suarez Luis Arturo
Published: February 2025

The increasing global demand for water, compounded by the challenges posed by climate change, urbanisation, and population growth, necessitates the adoption of innovative solutions for water management. Smart Water technologies, which encompass the integration of advanced sensors, data analysis, and automated systems, offer a promising approach to optimising water use and enhancing sustainability. While challenges remain, the benefits of adopting these technologies are substantial, warranting further investment and research. As global water challenges intensify, the role of Smart Water systems will become increasingly critical in ensuring the sustainable management of this vital resource. This chapter explores the components, benefits, and challenges of Smart Water systems, providing a comprehensive overview of their role in modern water management.
Water Quality Monitoring and Control With AI
Authors: Shende Ashay Devidas , Tekade Shrikant A. , Deshmukh Arpan Arunrao , Tembhurkar Sandeep Prabhudas , Selvakumar P.
Published: February 2025

Water quality monitoring is a crucial process that involves the assessment and analysis of water characteristics to determine its suitability for various uses, from drinking and agriculture to recreation and aquatic life support. This monitoring plays a pivotal role in environmental stewardship and public health protection by identifying contaminants, tracking pollution sources, and guiding regulatory decisions. However, the practice is fraught with challenges stemming from technological limitations, resource constraints, and the dynamic nature of water systems. This article explores the significance of water quality monitoring, the challenges faced in implementing effective monitoring programs, and the advancements and strategies employed to overcome these hurdles. In agriculture, water quality directly affects crop productivity and soil health, especially in irrigation-dependent regions. Poor water quality, characterized by high salinity or heavy metal contamination, can impair soil fertility and reduce crop yields, thereby jeopardizing food security and economic stability.
Real-Time Water Quality Monitoring
Authors: Trejo-Macotela Francisco R. , Robles-Camarillo Daniel , Ramírez-Hernández Uriel A.
Published: February 2025

This chapter discusses the significance of real-time water quality monitoring utilizing AI sensors and algorithms, emphasizing water as a renewable yet finite resource. With freshwater representing only 2.5% of Earth's water supply, its uneven distribution among continents necessitates efficient management. The increasing global population exacerbates pressure on these limited resources, particularly through leaks that contribute significantly to water loss during transportation. Advanced monitoring systems employing various sensor technologies—such as differential pressure, ultrasonic, and electromagnetic sensors—facilitate continuous tracking of essential water quality parameters. Algorithms, particularly neural networks and decision trees, enhance predictive modeling, enabling timely detection of contaminants. These innovations not only optimize resource management but also promote sustainability, ultimately protecting public health and the environment by facilitating informed decision-making in water treatment and agricultural practices.
Innovations and Efficiency in Wastewater Treatment Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Ortiz Jaime Aguilar , Zamudio-García Víctor Manuel
Published: February 2025

This document explores the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in optimizing wastewater treatment processes, focusing on key areas such as chemical dosing, aeration control, and sedimentation. The integration of advanced AI techniques, including neural networks, genetic algorithms, and optimization methods like Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Bayesian Optimization, has significantly enhanced the efficiency and reliability of these processes. Through the implementation of machine learning models and real-time control systems, AI has enabled more precise adjustments, leading to reduced operational costs, improved resource management, and better compliance with environmental regulations. The study also highlights the potential for AI-driven innovations to further enhance sustainability in wastewater management, presenting opportunities for future research to expand on these advancements and address emerging challenges in the sector.
Artificial Intelligence and Applications in Drinking Water Management
Authors: Barrera-Cámara Ricardo A. , Canepa-Sáenz Ana A.
Published: February 2025

The increase in the urban population and climate change have driven the development of Smart Water systems, which integrate artificial intelligence to improve drinking water management. AI optimizes water distribution, monitors water quality in real-time, detects leaks, and manages demand efficiently, thus addressing current challenges in water resource management. The aim of this research is to analyse the applications of AI in drinking water management within Smart Water systems. The method used includes a literature review, case studies and an analysis of the data obtained. The results show that AI improves the management of drinking water through continuous monitoring of its quality, accurate leak detection, optimization of the distribution and efficient use of water resources, demand prediction and management, and predictive maintenance. In addition, it reduces energy consumption in water treatment and distribution. However, there are technical, economic, and regulatory challenges that need to be addressed in order to achieve effective and sustainable implementation.
AI Applications in Drinking-Water Management
Authors: Selvakumar P. , Srivastava Ratan Rajan , Bhattacharya Sumanta , Das Abhijeet , Manjunath T. C. , Gupta Sandeep
Published: February 2025

This introduction explores the transformative potential of AI technologies in addressing complex challenges facing drinking water systems, while also examining the ethical considerations and technical hurdles that must be navigated for responsible and effective deployment. Drinking water is a fundamental resource essential for human health, economic prosperity, and ecosystem integrity. However, managing water quality and distribution systems presents significant challenges, exacerbated by population growth, urbanization, climate change impacts, aging infrastructure, and emerging contaminants. Traditional methods of water quality monitoring and management rely on periodic sampling, laboratory analysis, and manual intervention, which are often time-consuming, resource-intensive, and may not provide real-time insights needed to prevent waterborne diseases or respond swiftly to contamination events. Firstly, AI enables real-time detection of water quality deviations and potential contaminants through advanced sensor networks and predictive analytics.
AI in Public Services
Authors: Achanta Saroja V. B. N. H.
Published: February 2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming public services across sectors. In healthcare, AI-driven tools enhance diagnostics, predictive analytics, and personalized treatments. Machine learning algorithms predict disease outbreaks and optimize patient care. Education benefits from AI through adaptive learning platforms, which tailor content to individual students, boosting engagement and academic performance. In transportation, AI streamlines traffic management optimizes routes, and enables autonomous vehicles, reducing congestion and accidents. Public safety uses AI in crime prevention, surveillance, and emergency response systems, improving response times and accuracy in detecting threats. While AI enhances efficiency and innovation, ethical concerns arise, such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and accessibility. Ensuring equitable access and transparency in AI implementation is vital to its sustainable integration into public services.
Implementing Artificial Intelligence in Public Administration
Authors: Stoyanova Antoaneta , Stefanova Marieta
Published: February 2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly emerging as a critical technology for improving efficiency and innovation in public administration. The implementation of AI is accompanied by many challenges and requires a clear definition of leadership positions and responsibilities in management decision-making. The aim of this study is to examine the main technical, organizational and legal challenges in the implementation of AI in public administration, as well as the role of the various leadership positions in the management of AI initiatives. In accordance with this aim, the study applies an approach inextricably linked to the assessment of RPN (Risk Priority Number) in the implementation of artificial intelligence. The results of the study urge the management of institutions within public administration to search for solutions related to the development and implementation of more effective and innovative tools to deal with the challenges of the present, according to the accepted context.
Metropolitan Managers' Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technologies
Authors: Demirkol Mustafa
Published: February 2025

This qualitative study examines the perspectives of 60 public authorities from six metropolitan areas: Copenhagen, Helsinki, Bucharest, Milan, Prague, and Berlin, regarding the use of AI technologies in public service provision. The research explores both the potential benefits and challenges associated with AI implementation. Many respondents expressed positive attitudes towards AI as a tool to improve public service delivery, while others voiced concerns about AI's developmental stage. A portion of the participants indicated that their lack of familiarity and technological literacy regarding AI was a barrier to its effective adoption. This highlights the need for training programs to equip local authorities with the skills to utilize AI in enhancing public services. The study also analyzes the data using MAXQDA software to categorize themes and provide structured insights. The findings emphasize the importance of preparing metropolitan managers for AI integration and offer strategic proposals for its successful implementation in public administration.
Algorithmic Governance and Its Transformative Role in Decision-Making
Authors: Davutoğlu Elif
Published: February 2025

This chapter explores how algorithmic governance, also known as “algocracy,” has become a key force in decision-making today. It examines how algorithms have evolved from simple tools of convenience to essential parts of how both public and private sectors operate. Tracing their historical roots, the chapter highlights algorithms' role in shaping regulatory frameworks and discusses their societal implications, particularly around transparency, accountability, and potential biases. By analyzing concepts such as “algorithmic governmentality” and “algorithmic regulation,” the chapter unpacks both the benefits and ethical challenges these systems bring, highlighting their transformative impact on governance structures.
Mitigating Financial Anomalies Dimensions Vulnerability and Stratagem in Service Organizations
Authors: Nair Arjun J. , Rao A. B. Satish
Published: February 2025

The chapter examines the intricate landscape of financial fraud within public administration, emphasising the vulnerabilities that service organisations face in an increasingly complex environment. It delineates the concepts of vulnerability and stratagem, elucidating how determinants such as opportunity, pressure, and rationalisation contribute to fraud susceptibility. The chapter offers a comprehensive exploration of effective fraud detection and prevention strategies, highlighting the importance of robust policy frameworks and ethical standards. By integrating vulnerability assessments into operational practices and developing strategic responses, public administrators fortify their organisations against fraudulent activities. Through illustrative case studies and practical applications, the chapter underscores the critical need for transparency and accountability and advocates for continuous improvement and collaboration among stakeholders.
Investigating Single- to Dual-Band Bandpass Filter Transformation for Wireless Communication Systems
Authors: Vasistha Anup Raju , Mahadevaswamy Chandramouli H. , Ebenuwa Solomon H. , Nwajana Augustine O.
Published: February 2025

A simple technique for transforming a single-band bandpass filter (BPF) into a dual-band BPF is presented in this chapter. The method starts with a 2nd-order single-band BPF design, giving rise to a 4th-order dual-band BPF after the proposed transformation. Both filters are implemented using compact U-shaped microstrip resonator for improved device miniaturization. The proposed work features a centre frequency of 1.4 GHz for the single-band BPF, with a 3.4% fractional bandwidth. The dual-band BPF operates at 1.35 and 1.45 GHz for the first and second bands, respectively. The design implementation employs the commercially available Rogers RT/Duroid 6010LM substrate, having a dissipation factor of 0.0023, dielectric constant of 10.7, and thickness of 1.27 mm. The practical responses of the prototype dual-band BPF indicate a good return loss of better than 18 dB across both bands, and an insertion loss of better than 0.1 dB. The design prototype achieved physical size of 0.23 x 0.18 λg. λg is the guided wavelength for the microstrip line impedance at the centre frequency of the filter.
Millimetre-Wave Communication for 5G/B5G Applications
Authors: Koshti Rahul
Published: February 2025

Emerging millimeter wave (mm Wave) wireless communication systems reflect the culmination of more than a century of advancement in modern communications. Millimeter wave (mm Wave) communications have recently piqued the interest of researchers due to the enormous available bandwidth, which has the potential to result in rates of multiple Gbps (gigabit per second) per user. Though mm Wave can be easily used in stationary scenarios such as indoor hotspots or backhaul, it can be challenging to use in mobile networks because the transmitting/receiving nodes may be travelling, the channels may have a complex framework, and coordination among multiple nodes is difficult. In spite of this, mm wave is significantly important in implementation of 5G/B5G communication networks. The novelty in the chapter is to suggesting a modern antenna design for mm wave application and link budget analysis so as to achieve flaw less communication with reduced call drop rate. In this chapter we are focusing on introduction and background. The chapter further will focus on mm wave in cellular mobile communication along with the applications in 5G/B5G wireless communication networks. The chapter will also deal with system architecture of 5G communication employing mm wave and antenna in mm wave communication will be discussed. Also various challenges associated with deployment of mm wave technology in 5G networks are discussed. At the last advantages and disadvantages of mm wave will be discussed in brief.
The Role of 6G in Empowering Smart Cities Enabling Ubiquitous Connectivity and Intelligent Infrastructure
Authors: Mohapatra Hitesh
Published: February 2025

Mobile technology communication is evolving towards the seventh generation, the ‘6G' network. These networks will revolutionize society to the extent of connectedness and intelligence that we have not seen before. 6G will be important to implement the new generation smart cities by enhancing the digital communication technology with terahertz communication, ultra-low latency and artificial intelligence to operate the network system. This will result in smart cities that are fully interconnected to real time data as required for instance in self-drive cars, energy consumption, or security. 6G is found to be promising for URLLC, eXR and massive sensing at the edge necessary for Smart City instantiation. But there are issues such as technicality, data privacy, and regulations to consider. The present chapter contends using a 6G empowered smart city based on IoT, artificial intelligence, and edge computing for the increased efficiency of urban processes. These include dynamic network slicing to fulfill the latency and bandwidth requirement that is supported by Intelligent Resource management as well as Edge AI processing. The chapter therefore concludes by highlighting the need for joint efforts and forward planning to overcome hindrances in the 6G's delivery to support sustainable cities.
Prospective Developments and Advancements in Accreditation
Authors: Parmar Hemlata , Murari Utsav Krishan
Published: February 2025

Accreditation has become a crucial mechanism for guaranteeing quality in higher education institutions, influenced by emerging trends and innovations that are changing its future. This chapter examines the evolving landscape of certification by analysing policy case studies in India and comparing them with international trends. The comparative method elucidates the challenges and opportunities encountered by Indian institutions in conforming to global standards while maintaining local significance. The impact of government policies, foreign collaborations, and technology-driven innovations on the accreditation environment in India is thoroughly analysed. The chapter offers insights into how future trends may impact policy and practice in accreditation at national and international levels through qualitative analysis and policy case studies. The chapter emphasises the need for India to implement adaptable and progressive accrediting systems that conform to global best practices to enhance educational quality and worldwide competitiveness.
Academic Quality Effect on Staff Innovation by Mediation of Accreditation Compass in the Horn of Africa
Authors: Kant Shashi , Niguse Tafese , Terefe Aynetu , Adula Metasebia
Published: February 2025

This chapter investigates how the compass accreditation influences workers innovativeness in learning settings by acting as a mediator. The formal acknowledgment procedures of accreditation set forth precise expectations and standards for excellence of academics, which encourages staff members to match their activities with accepted benchmarks. As educators work to achieve accreditation standards through innovative instructional approaches and cutting-edge technologies, this alignment promotes a culture of innovation. Also, the accreditation procedure places a strong emphasis on ongoing growth and supports data-driven assessments that enable academics to pinpoint problem areas and provide creative solutions. Opportunities for professional growth, which are frequently connected to certification requirements, give workers the additional skills and information they need to innovate successfully. This investigation provides insights for comprehending the compass accreditation as a mediator of workers innovativeness.
Nutritional assessment of instant poundo flour from blends of yam and unripe plantain flour
Authors: Adejuyitan J. A. , Alabi B. E. , Awe M. R.
Published: February 2025

Instant pounded yam dough obtained from yam flour is an emerging alternative to pounding boiled yams. Incorporating unripe plantain four into it becomes necessary to obtain an enriched meal for a better and healthier diet option. This study therefore investigated the nutritional compositions of yam and unripe plantain flour blends and the sensory attributes of instant poundo yam made from the blends (100:00, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50) of yam to unripe plantain flour respectively. The blends were analyzed for proximate, vitamins, minerals and functional properties. Data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance, and means were separated using Duncan’s New Multiple Range (DNMR) Test at a significant level of p<0.05 with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25.0. Protein, moisture, fat, crude fibre, ash and carbohydrate contents ranged from 3.36 to 5.98%, 5.10 to 6.50%, 0.25 to 0.40%, 0.41 to 0.72%, 1.83 to 3.00%, and 84.80 to 86.99%, respectively. Vitamin composition were observed to be in the ranges of 0.26 to 0.28 mg/100g, 0.56 to 0.58 mg/100g and 6.83 to 8.27 mg/100g for vitamins B1, B2 and C, respectively. Mineral composition ranged from 91.0 to 105.33mg/100g for phosphorus, 285.80 to 346.98mg/100g for potassium, 129.85 to 157.65mg/100g for magnesium and 238.16 to 289.15mg/100g for calcium. Functional properties values ranged from 124.0 to 135.0%, 0.76 to 0.95% and 7.61 to 9.77% for water absorption capacity, bulk density and swelling capacity, respectively. The instant poundo yam samples were favourably compared with control from 100% yam flour by the panelists in terms of mouldability, texture, colour, taste, odour and overall acceptability. The result showed that the sample with 50% unripe plantain flour substitution was the most preferred in all the attributes tested except mouldability. This study concluded that instant pound flour made from blends of yam and unripe plantain flour has the potential of producing an enriched and more acceptable meal.