bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Skin-Limited, Methotrexate-Associated Epstein–Barr Virus–Positive Mucocutaneous Ulcer—A Mimicker of High-Grade Lymphoma. A Report of 4 Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Macklin Philip S. , Fisher Rachel , Stonard Christopher , Matin Rubeta N. , Ieremia Eleni
Published: July 2023

Immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (IA-LPDs) constitute a diverse range of conditions including posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders, other iatrogenic IA-LPDs, and lymphoproliferative disorders associated with an underlying primary immune disorder or HIV infection. IA-LPDs are clinically and pathologically heterogeneous, and there is a lack of standardization of diagnostic terminology. They can represent a potential serious diagnostic pitfall because the histological features of clinically indolent proliferations may mimic those of high-grade lymphoma. However, correct identification of these entities is essential given that complete remission may occur upon reversal of the underlying cause of immunosuppression without the need for systemic therapy. IA-LPDs presenting in the skin are rare but well documented. One form of iatrogenic IA-LPD, methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (MTX-LPD), can present with cutaneous nodules, plaques, or ulcers. Predominantly, MTX-LPD develops in the context of long-term treatment of autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis, and Sjögren syndrome, and may be associated with underlying Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. We present 4 cases of cutaneous EBV-positive B-cell MTX-LPD and describe their clinical and morphological findings. Comparison of our histological findings to the diagnostic criteria for EBV-positive mucocutaneous ulcer (EBVMCU) revealed significant overlap, highlighting the intersection between MTX-LPD and EBVMCU. Withdrawal of methotrexate resulted in healing of all lesions at a mean time of 2 months. In summary, close clinicopathological correlation is vital to identify MTX-LPD presenting as cutaneous EBVMCU given that the initial treatment strategy is that of withdrawal of methotrexate without the need for immediate systemic therapy.
Propranolol blocks the unconditioned and conditioned hyperactive effects of methamphetamine in CD-1 mice
Authors: Rauhut Anthony S.
Published: July 2023

The present experiment examined the contribution of the β-adrenergic receptor system in mediating the unconditioned (i.e. pharmacological) and conditioned (i.e. learned) hyperactive effects of methamphetamine. To this end, mice underwent an 8-day conditioning procedure involving two different, alternating session types (chamber and home-cage days). On chamber days (1, 3, 5, and 7), mice were injected (intraperitoneally) with vehicle (dH2O) or propranolol (16 or 32 mg/kg) and were injected (subcutaneously) 30 min (min) later by either vehicle (saline; unpaired) or methamphetamine (1.0 mg/kg; paired). On home-cage days (2, 4, 6, and 8), mice were injected (subcutaneously) with either vehicle (saline; paired) or methamphetamine (1.0 mg/kg; unpaired) in their home cages. The test day for conditioned hyperactivity occurred 48 h after the last chamber day. Propranolol dose-dependently blocked the unconditioned and conditioned hyperactive effects of methamphetamine, implicating a role for the β-adrenergic system in mediating these effects of methamphetamine.
The effectiveness of oxytocin in the treatment of stimulant use disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Lee-Cheong Stephen , Ludgate Sacha A. , Epp Tanisse C.M. , Schütz Christian G.
Published: July 2023

Objectives

The purpose of this review is to examine human study evidence on the effectiveness of oxytocin in this patient population. Despite stimulant use disorder being a major public health concern, there are no validated pharmacological treatments. Psychosocial interventions show limited effectiveness especially in the more severe cases of stimulant use disorder, whereas animal models suggest that oxytocin may be a useful treatment.

Methods

A literature search using Medline, Embase, and PsychInfo was undertaken. Search results were subsequently imported into Covidence to identify relevant studies.

Results

Six studies were included in this review, two of which were pilot studies. Although oxytocin was well tolerated across studies, no study showed a statistically significant reduction in reported cocaine use or cravings. One study suggested oxytocin increased the desire to use cocaine, although the population of participants should be taken into consideration. In contrast, one study showed a trend towards reduced self-reported cocaine use.

Conclusion

Available research does not support the use of oxytocin in the management of stimulant use disorder; however, included studies are small in sample size and limited in number. There were several noteworthy findings unrelated to this review’s primary and secondary outcomes, which are of interest and warrant further research. We provide suggestions for future studies in this area of research. Considering the limited data available at this time, further studies are required before any definitive conclusions can be made regarding the use of oxytocin in stimulant use disorder management.
Application of IPSET-thrombosis in 1366 Patients Prospectively Followed From the Spanish Registry of Essential Thrombocythemia
Authors: Alvarez-Larrán Alberto , Cuevas Beatriz , Velez Patricia , Noya Soledad , Caballero-Navarro Gonzalo , Ferrer-Marín Francisca , Carbonell Sara , Pérez-Encinas Manuel , Gómez-Casares María Teresa , Pérez-López Raúl , Magro Elena , Moretó Ana , Pastor-Galán Irene , Angona Anna , Mata-Vázquez María Isabel , Guerrero-Fernández Lucía , Guerra José María , Carreño-Tarragona Gonzalo , Fox Laura , Murillo Ilda , García-Gutiérrez Valentín , Mora Elvira , Stuckey Ruth , Arellano-Rodrigo Eduardo , Hernández-Boluda Juan Carlos , Pereira Arturo ,   On behalf of the MPN Spanish Group (GEMFIN)
Published: July 2023

The International Prognostic Score of thrombosis in Essential Thrombocythemia (IPSET-thrombosis) and its revised version have been proposed to guide thrombosis prevention strategies. We evaluated both classifications to prognosticate thrombosis in 1366 contemporary essential thrombocythemia (ET) patients prospectively followed from the Spanish Registry of ET. The cumulative incidence of thrombosis at 10 years, taking death as a competing risk, was 11.4%. The risk of thrombosis was significantly higher in the high-risk IPSET-thrombosis and high-risk revised IPSET-thrombosis, but no differences were observed among the lower risk categories. Patients allocated in high-risk IPSET-thrombosis (subdistribution hazard ratios [SHR], 3.7 [95% confidence interval, CI, 1.6-8.7]) and high-risk revised IPSET-thrombosis (SHR, 3.2 [95% CI, 1.4-7.45]) showed an increased risk of arterial thrombosis, whereas both scoring systems failed to predict venous thrombosis. The incidence rate of thrombosis in intermediate risk revised IPSET-thrombosis (aged >60 years,JAK2-negative, and no history of thrombosis) was very low regardless of the treatment administered (0.9% and 0% per year with and without cytoreduction, respectively). Dynamic application of the revised IPSET-thrombosis showed a low rate of thrombosis when patients without history of prior thrombosis switched to a higher risk category after reaching 60 years of age. In conclusion, IPSET-thrombosis scores are useful for identifying patients at high risk of arterial thrombosis, whereas they fail to predict venous thrombosis. Controlled studies are needed to determine the appropriate treatment of ET patients assigned to the non-high-risk categories.
TECLISTAMAB-ASSOCIATED SCLEROUVEITIS WITH HYPOPYON
Authors: Liu Tianyu , Schwartz Turner , Chebolu Apoorv P. , Tsui Jonathan C. , Bhatt Nirali , Scoles Drew
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

To report a case of presumed teclistamab-associated sclerouveitis with hypopyon.

Methods:

Case report.

Results:

A 62-year-old woman with relapsed refractory multiple myeloma presented with right eye pain and decreased vision 1 week after starting teclistamab and was found to have sclerouveitis with hypopyon. She received intravitreal vancomycin and ceftazidime because of the concern for infectious endophthalmitis, but cultures were negative. Systemic workup for infectious and inflammatory etiologies was unremarkable. Her signs and symptoms improved with topical steroids and a 1-week pause in teclistamab. This case constituted a Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale score of 5, representing a “probable” association.

Conclusion:

Teclistamab, a novel bispecific antibody recently approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, may be associated with sclerouveitis with hypopyon.
Helicobacter pylori Found Incidentally During Upper Endoscopy Performed for Diagnosis of Common Pediatric Gastrointestinal Diseases
Authors: Dolstra Yael , Kori Michal
Published: July 2023

Background:

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) gastritis may be an incidental finding during upper endoscopy performed to diagnose celiac disease (CeD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). We aimed to describe the incidence of H. pylori in children undergoing endoscopy for CeD, IBD and EoE and determine the indications for treatment.

Methods:

A retrospective, single-center study based on the review of endoscopy reports of pediatric patients, diagnosed with CeD, IBD and EoE, between January 2017 and December 2021. Data collected included; age, gender, hematologic parameters, endoscopic, histologic and H. pylori culture results, and information on eradication treatment.

Results:

H. pylori gastritis was diagnosed in 120 of 558 (21.5%) children [72 (60%) female, mean age 10.6 years] during gastroscopy performed for the diagnosis of other GI diseases. H. pylori was present in 87 of 404 (21.5%) CeD, 27 of 113 (23.9%) IBD and 6 of 41 (14.6%) EOE patients (P = 0.46). The main indication for treatment was the presence of ulcers, in 4 of 120 (3.3%), and erosions in 17 of 120 (14.2%). Eradication treatment was recommended in 22 of 120 (18.3%) patients, 8 of 87 (9.2%) CeD, 10 of 27 (37%) IBD and 4 of 6 (66.7%) EoE patients, P < 0.001. Four independent positive treatment predictors were identified; age above 10 years {odds ratio (OR) = 10.57 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.88–59.36], P = 0.007} the presence of nodular gastritis (OR = 5.03 [95% CI 1.09–23.15], P = 0.38), erosions [OR = 49.21 (95% CI 8.19–295.83), P < 0.000] and ulcers [OR = 22.69 (95% CI 1.25–410.22), P = 0.035]. CeD was a strong negative predictor for treatment [OR = 0.23 (95% CI 0.002–0.241), P = 0.002].

Conclusions:

H. pylori gastritis is a common incidental finding during endoscopy. The indications for treatment are not well defined and should be further investigated.
Validation of the pediatric version of the Graded Chronic Pain Scale Revised in school-aged children and adolescents
Authors: Roman-Juan Josep , Solé Ester , Sánchez-Rodríguez Elisabet , Castarlenas Elena , Jensen Mark P. , Miró Jordi
Published: July 2023

The Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS) was originally developed to grade the severity of chronic pain conditions in adults. A revised version of this instrument (ie, GCPS-R) has been developed for use with adults to account for advances in pain metrics and new operational definitions of chronic pain and high-impact chronic pain. The purpose of the current study was to adapt the GCPS-R for use with pediatric samples (P-GCPS-R) and evaluate the adapted measure's concurrent validity. One thousand five hundred sixty-four school-aged children and adolescents (55% girls; 8-18 years) completed the P-GCPS-R and provided responses to measures of physical health, anxiety and depressive symptoms, maladaptive pain coping strategies, and activity limitations. Results showed that 14% of participants had chronic pain, of which 37% (5% of the whole sample) had mild chronic pain, 45% (6% of the whole sample) bothersome chronic pain, and 18% (3% of the whole sample) high-impact chronic pain. Participants without chronic pain and those with mild chronic pain showed no significant between-group differences in any of the study measures. Participants with bothersome chronic pain and high-impact chronic pain reported worse physical health, more anxiety and depressive symptoms, pain catastrophizing, and activity limitations than those with mild chronic pain. Participants with high-impact chronic pain reported more activity limitations than those with bothersome chronic pain. The findings support the concurrent validity of the P-GCPS-R for use with pediatric samples.
Descending mechanism by which medial prefrontal cortex endocannabinoid signaling controls the development of neuropathic pain and neuronal activity of dorsal root ganglion
Authors: Tran Hai , Feng Yin , Chao Dongman , Liu Qing-song , Hogan Quinn H. , Pan Bin
Published: July 2023

Although regulation of nociceptive processes in the dorsal horn by deep brain structures has long been established, the role of cortical networks in pain regulation is minimally explored. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a key brain area in pain processing that receives ascending nociceptive input and exerts top-down control of pain sensation. We have shown critical changes in mPFC synaptic function during neuropathic pain, controlled by endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling. This study tests whether mPFC eCB signaling modulates neuropathic pain through descending control. Intra-mPFC injection of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) agonist WIN-55,212-2 (WIN) in the chronic phase transiently alleviates the pain-like behaviors in spared nerve injury (SNI) rats. By contrast, intra-mPFC injection of CB1R antagonist AM4113 in the early phase of neuropathic pain reduces the development of pain-like behaviors in the chronic phase. Spared nerve injury reduced the mechanical threshold to induce action potential firing of dorsal horn wide-dynamic-range neurons, but this was reversed in rats by WIN in the chronic phase of SNI and by mPFC injection of AM4113 in the early phase of SNI. Elevated dorsal root ganglion neuronal activity after injury was also diminished in rats by mPFC injection of AM4113, potentially by reducing antidromic activity and subsequent neuronal inflammation. These findings suggest that depending on the phase of the pain condition, both blocking and activating CB1 receptors in the mPFC can regulate descending control of pain and affect both dorsal horn neurons and peripheral sensory neurons, contributing to changes in pain sensitivity.
Sister Mary Joseph's Nodules
Authors: Yadlapati Sujitha , Yousefian Faraz , Shama-Brown Leah , Gonzalez-Molina Valeria
Published: July 2023

Sister Mary Joseph's nodules are commonly associated with internal malignancies. It usually manifests as a nodule with an irregular border around umbilicus, however, it may present as blue–black, friable, ulcerated lump with drainage as large as 10 cm. Sister Mary Joseph's nodules has a poor prognosis with average survival time of 11 months. We report an 85-year-old female presenting with painless, erythematous nodules on the umbilicus that developed over one month. Histopathology findings of skin biopsy was consistent with metastatic adenocarcinoma. Computerized tomography imaging of abdomen and pelvic showed a large pelvic mass obstructing the sigmoid colon. The patient was subsequently managed by a multidisciplinary surgical and medical oncology team.
Reduced volume intensity-modulated radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost for patients with high-grade glioma: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Kang Hye Jin , Kim Myungsoo , Kwak Yoo-Kang , Shin Jinsol , Lee So Jung
Published: July 2023

Radiotherapy (RT) is an essential treatment for patients with high-grade gliomas. however, a consensus on the target area of RT has not yet been achieved. In this study, we aimed to analyze progression-free survival (PFS), recurrence patterns, and toxicity in patients who received reduced volume intensity-modulated radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost (rvSIB-IMRT). In addition, we attempted to identify prognostic factors for recurrence. Twenty patients with high-grade gliomas who received rvSIB-IMRT between July 2011 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. For rvSIB-IMRT, clinical target volume 1/2 was set at a 5 to 10 mm margin on each gross tumor volume (GTV) 1 (resection cavity and enhanced lesion) and GTV2 (high-signal lesion of T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery). RT doses were prescribed to 60 Gy/30 fractions (fxs) for planning target volume (PTV)1 and 51 to 54 Gy/30 fxs for PTV2. The median PFS and overall survival of the total cohorts were 10.6 and 13.6 months, respectively. Among the 12 relapsed patients, central, in-field, and marginal recurrences were identified in 8 (66.7%), 2 (16.7%), and 1 patient (8.3%), respectively. Distant recurrence was identified in 3 patients. Gross total resection (GTR) and high Ki-67 index (>27.4%), and subventricular involvement (SVI) were identified as significant factors for PFS in the multivariate analysis. During the follow up, 4 patients showed pseudoprogression and 1 patient showed radiation necrosis. The rvSIB-IMRT for high-grade gliomas resulted in comparable PFS and tolerable toxicity. Most recurrences were central/in-field (10 cases of 12, 83.4%). GTR, high Ki-67 index (>27.4%), and SVI were significant factors for recurrence.
Use of fractional exhaled nitric oxide as a potential predictor of bronchodilator response
Authors: Provenzano Bruna Cuoco , Bartholo Thiago Prudente , Kirk Kennedy Martins , Neves Mario Fritsch , Ribeiro-Alves Marcelo , Barreto Ana Paula Ramos , Graça Nadja Polisseni , Coelho Paulo Roberto Chauvet , Costa Claudia Henrique da , Rufino Rogerio
Published: July 2023

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important product of eosinophilic metabolism, and its increase is associated with bronchial remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness. Fractional exhaled NO (FENO) in the expired air of patients with suspected or diagnosed asthma has been used as a marker for eosinophilic inflammation. This cohort study included asthmatic patients classified under steps 3, 4, or 5 of the global strategy for asthma management and prevention. In the morning of the same day, all patients underwent blood collection for eosinophil counts, followed by FENO measurement and spirometry. We considered 2 groups based on the bronchodilation (BD) response on spirometry (>10% of FVC or FEV1): positive (BD+) and negative (BD−). Differences between the 2 groups were analyzed for demographic features, FENO values, and predictive correlations between FENO and BD. Both groups of patients showed an increase in the eosinophil count (BD+, P = .03; BD−, P = .04) and FENO values (P = .015 for both) with an increase in the asthma severity from step 3 to step 5 of the global strategy for asthma management and prevention. The correlations of FENO and eosinophils as well as FENO values and BD + were 0.127 (95% confidence interval,–0.269 to –0.486) and 0.696 (95% confidence interval, 0.246–0.899; P = .007), respectively. Measuring FENO levels may be useful for identifying patients with BD+.
Predictor of gram-negative bacteremia in cirrhotic patients with skin and soft-tissue infections
Authors: Wang Hung-Sheng , Hsiao Cheng-Ting , Fann Wen-Chih , Chang Chia-Peng
Published: July 2023

Cirrhosis always goes with profound immunity compromise, and makes those patients easily be the target of skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs). Cirrhotic patients with SSTIs have a dramatically increased mortality. To recognize the risk factors of gram-negative infections are critical for improving survival rate. A retrospective cohort study of hospitalized cirrhotic patients with SSTIs and gram-negative bacteremia (GNB) was conducted in 2 tertiary hospitals in southern Taiwan between March 2015 and January 2020. Another group were matched by controls with non-GNB based on time, demographics and immune status. Data such as infectious location, comorbidities, and laboratory findings were recorded and compared. Receiver operating curve and the area under the curve were used to evaluate its discriminating ability. A total of 186 patients were included, 62 in GNB group and 124 in non-GNB group. Comorbidities that were significant risk factors for gram-negative bacteremia included acute kidney injury. Significant risk factors evident in laboratory evaluations included higher model for end-stage liver disease score, higher serum lactate, higher C-reactive protein and higher creatinine level. This study found acute kidney injury, or those exhibiting hyperlactatemia (>16 mg/dL), high MELD score (>14), high CRP (>50 mg/dL), and high creatinine (>2.0 mg/dL) were risk factors associated with gram-negative bacteremia. Cirrhotic patients with SSTIs with aforementioned risk factors should pay more attention by clinicians due to higher mortality.
Prediction of response to sofosbuvir-based therapy using serum interleukin-12 and single nucleotide polymorphism of the interleukin 28B gene as predictive factors in HCV positive genotype-4 patients
Authors: Mohamed Abdelnajid Doaa , Elmowafy Ahmed Y. , Rostaing Lionel , Elrakaiby Marwa T.
Published: July 2023

Some hepatitis-C virus patients have resistance to direct-acting-antivirals (DAAs). Genetic polymorphisms have been associated with drug resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the role of interleukin (IL)-28B gene polymorphism and IL-12 levels as predictors for a response to sofosbuvir/ribavirin (SOF/RBV) with (triple-therapy) or without (dual-therapy) Peg-alpha-interferon. 92 hepatitis C virus (HCV)/RNA (+)-patients treated with dual (n = 72) or triple (n = 20) therapy. IL28B genetic polymorphism and IL-12 level assessments. 30.4% of the patients were IL28B C/C genotype, 56.5% C/T-genotype, and 13% T/T-genotype. Mean baseline IL-12 levels were 27.5 ± 3.0 pg/mL. Rapid viral response was achieved in 86/92 patients. All patients achieved end-of-treatment virologic response. The 12- and 24-week sustained virologic responses (SVR) were achieved in 76 patients (82.6%), that is, a relapse was found in 16 patients (17.4%). 8 and 12-weeks after antiviral therapy, IL-12 levels decreased significantly, and became comparable to those of the control-group. That drop in IL-12 levels was similar across the dual- and triple-therapy patients. Finally, logistic regression analysis showed that the increase in baseline aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and T/T genotyping had an independent effect on increasing the probability a SVR failing in both dual- and triple-therapy groups (P = .0007 and P = .02, respectively). Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in IL-28B and IL-12 levels play roles as predictors in DAAs resistance.
Treating cognitive impairments in primary central nervous system infections: A systematic review of pharmacological interventions
Authors: Rizvi Syeda T. , Shah Jhankhana S. , Shaaya Sarah , Mollayeva Tatyana
Published: July 2023

Background:

This research synthesized scientific evidence on the use of pharmacotherapy as intervention to reduce cognitive impairments in adult patients with primary central nervous system (CNS) infections.

Methods:

We searched for experimental studies published in English prior to October 2021 in MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases. We included non-randomized studies (NRS) and randomized control trials (RCT) of pharmacotherapy versus placebo, drug, or a combination of drugs in adults with primary CNS infection. The certainty of the evidence was rated according to GRADE guidelines.

Results:

We included 8 RCTs and 1 NRS, involving a total of 805 patients (50.77% male patients; mean age 42.67 ± 10.58) with Lyme disease (LD), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), or Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) studying the efficacy of antibiotics, antiviral, and non-opioid analgesic drugs, respectively. In patients with LD, antibiotics alone or in combination with other drugs enhanced certain cognitive domains relative to placebo. In patients with HSV-1, the results were inconsistent. In patients with CJD, flupirtine maleate enhanced baseline cognitive scores. The quality of RCT studies was low, and the quality of NRS of intervention was very low, suggesting low and very low certainty in the reported results.

Conclusion:

There is limited evidence and low certainty regarding the efficacy of antimicrobials and analgesics in reducing cognitive impairments in patients with LD, HSV-1, and CJD. Future efforts must be aimed at enhancing attention to clinical trial methodology and reporting, as well as reaching a consensus on outcome measures and the endpoint of clinical trials relevant to patients.
Efficacy and safety of Fufang Xueshuantong Capsules in combination with conventional drugs in the treatment of glaucoma: A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Zeng Zhicheng , Jiang Pengfei , Liu Pei , Peng Jun , Peng Qinghua
Published: July 2023

Background:

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Fufang Xueshuantong Capsules (FFXST) in combination with conventional drugs in the treatment of glaucoma using meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA).

Methods:

Clinical trials of FFXST for glaucoma were identified in 8 databases until November 2022, and studies were included for meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.

Results:

In terms of efficacy endpoints, meta-analysis showed that the combination group of FFXST significantly improved clinical effective rate (RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.20–1.39, P < .00001), visual function (MD 0.04, 95% CI 0.04–0.05, P < .00001), light sensitivity (MD 6.07, 95% CI 4.63–7.51, P < .00001), end-systolic blood flow velocity (MD 2.68, 95% CI 2.19–3.16, P < .00001) and end-diastolic blood flow velocity (MD 2.07, 95% CI 1.86–2.28, P < .00001), and significantly reduced total gray-scale value (MD −64.38, 95% CI −69.08 to −59.68, P < .00001) and defect of visual field (MD −3.40, 95% CI −4.11 to −2.69, P < .00001) compared with the conventional regimen group, while the pulsatility index and resistance index were comparable. The TSA indicated that these benefits were conclusive. In terms of safety endpoints, meta-analysis demonstrated that total drug-related adverse events in the combination group of FFXST were comparable to those in the conventional regimen group, with TSA showing that more studies are needed to validate the current results.

Conclusion:

FFXST may be a safety and effective supplementary strategy for the treatment of glaucoma, which is worthy of further research.
Feasibility of ventilator-assisted tubeless anesthesia for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery
Authors: Kim Hyo-Jin , Kim Myeongjun , Park Byungjoon , Park Yong-Hee , Min Se-Hee
Published: July 2023

General anesthesia providing one-lung ventilation (OLV) with double-lumen endotracheal intubation has been considered inevitable for thoracic surgery. However, with the recent trend of less invasive surgical technique and enhanced recovery after surgery, tubeless anesthesia has been performed in various thoracic surgeries. The aim of this study was to establish a feasible and safe strategy of ventilator-assisted tubeless anesthesia in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgeries (VATS) based on single-institution experiences. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent tubeless VATS from November 2019 to December 2021. Perioperative anesthetic and surgical variables as well as complications were reported. Seventeen patients with a median age of 29 and American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I to II underwent video-assisted pulmonary wedge resection under monitored anesthesia care (MAC) using propofol and remifentanil. Mechanical ventilation was applied in synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation with pressure support mode through facemask if respiratory support was required. During the operation, none of the patients showed hypoxemia or involuntary movement interfering operation. No patients were converted to general anesthesia or open thoracotomy unintentionally. All patients were discharged on median 2 days postoperatively without complications. Ventilator-assisted tubeless VATS is a feasible and safe option in low-risk patients undergoing video-assisted pulmonary wedge resection.
Trends and hotspots in familial hypercholesterolemia: A bibliometric systematic review from 2002 to 2022
Authors: Chen Liang , Peng Hao , Wang Bo-Lin , Yu Wen-Yuan , Ding Xiao-Hang , Gao Ming-Xin , Yu Yang
Published: July 2023

Background:

We visually assessed the research hotspots of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) using bibliometrics and knowledge mapping in light of the research state and development trend of FH.

Methods:

We employed bibliometric tools, such as CiteSpace and the alluvial generator, to illustrate the scientific accomplishments on FH by extracting pertinent literature on FH from the Web of Science Core Collection database from January 1, 2002, to December 31, 2022.

Results:

A total of 4402 papers in total were selected for study; 29.2% of all articles globally were from the USA, followed by the Netherlands and England. The University of Amsterdam, University of Oslo, and University of Western Australia are the 3 institutions with the most publications in this area. Gerald F. Watts, Raul D. Santos, and John J. P. Kastelein wrote the majority of the pieces that were published. The New England Journal of Medicine, Circulation, and Atherosclerosis were the journals with the greatest number of papers in this field. Prevalence and genetic analysis of FH, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 inhibitors, and inclisiran are current research hotspots for the condition. Future research in this area will be focused on gene therapy.

Conclusions:

FH research has shown shows a trend of ascending followed by leveling off. The prevalence and diagnosis of FH, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 inhibitors, inclisiran, and gene therapy are current research hotspots. This report may serve as a reference for current research trends.
An isolated rupture of the anterolateral ligament of the knee: A case report
Authors: El Alam Anthony Elias , Otayek Joeffroy Naji , Ghanimeh Joe Georges , El Karaaoui Jalal Mohamad , Semaan Sahar Fawzi , Pierre Khoury Alfred
Published: July 2023

Introduction:

The anterolateral ligament (ALL) is a controversial ligament in the knee that may play a significant role in knee stability. It is difficult to identify on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging and is often injured in conjunction with other ligaments, such as the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial collateral ligament.

Case presentation:

This is a unique case of an isolated ALL tear in a 48-year-old woman who presented with severe left knee pain, swelling, and inability to bear weight during a yoga session. Physical examination showed swelling and tenderness at the lateral aspect of the femoral condyle, with increased pain on varus stress testing. Radiographs revealed normal osseous structures with the absence of traumatic bone lesions. MRI revealed an intact meniscus, cruciate, and collateral ligaments, but a rupture of the ALL at its femoral origin. Diagnosis of isolated ALL rupture of the left knee was made, and the patient was treated conservatively with icing, rest, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Physiotherapy was started 2 weeks post-injury, and return to sports was allowed at the sixth week. Upon last follow-up, the patient had excellent functional outcomes and was satisfied with the treatment. Physical examination showed a stable knee with negative Lachman and pivot shift tests. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case of isolated ALL rupture to be reported.

Discussion:

The paper highlights the rarity of isolated ALL injuries and the difficulty in diagnosing them. Conservative treatment can be successful for isolated ALL injuries, with physiotherapy playing an essential role in rehabilitation.

In conclusion, isolated ALL injuries are rare and can be challenging to diagnose. Conservative treatment with physiotherapy can lead to successful outcomes. Further research is needed to understand the role of the ALL in knee stability and to determine optimal treatment options.
Clinical features, management, and prognosis of Bacillus cereus sepsis in premature neonates
Authors: Li Na , Shen Yunlin , Gong Xiaohui , Hong Wenchao , Li Juan , Zhang Hongzhuan
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, management and prognosis of Bacillus cereus sepsis in premature neonates. The clinical information of 8 premature neonates with B cereus sepsis who were treated in Shanghai Children Hospital from January 2015 to December 2019 was retrospectively collected from the medical records and analyzed. The neurodevelopment related conditions were collected at follow up visits at corrected age of 6 months and 12 months. Five patients developed meningitis, and cerebral magnetic resonance image showed abnormal in 5 patients. After treatment with meropenem and vancomycin, 1 patient died, and 7 patients survived and were smoothly discharged. At follow up visits, 1 patient was diagnosed with hydrocephalus and showed severely delayed neurodevelopment, 2 patients had mild delayed neurodevelopment, and the neurodevelopment was basically normal in remaining 4 patients. B cereus infection can cause severe complications of central nervous system, and affect neurodevelopmental outcome. Antibiotic treatment with meropenem and vancomycin is proven to be effective. Refreshing the central catheters is helpful for the prevention of B cereus sepsis and cerebral magnetic resonance image may be employed for the prognosis assessment.
Worldwide Bronchiolitis obliterans research: A bibliometric analysis of the published literature between 2002 and 2022
Authors: Cui Zhengjiu , Zhou Xu , Luo Fei , Wang Jinjuan , Diao Juanjuan , Pan Yueli
Published: July 2023

Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a rare and irreversible chronic respiratory disease. The diagnosis of BO is challenging, and there still needs to be specific therapies and uniform treatment guidelines available. Research on BO has grown steadily over the past 20 years, and with the continued interest of researchers in this area, a bibliometric study of BO becomes necessary. This topic aims to assess the current state of research in BO over the last 2 decades and to identify research hotspots and emerging directions. Information on BO-related articles were obtained from the Science Citation Index Expand of the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC [SCI-E]) database. Citespace (6.1.R6), VOSviewer (1.6.18), and the online bibliometrics website (https://bibliometric.com/) were used for bibliometric analysis mainly to include country/region, institution, author, journal, keywords, and references and to construct visual knowledge network diagrams. A total of 4153 publications from the WOSCC [SCI-E] database were included in this study. Most publications come from the United States, Japan, and Germany, which collaborate relatively more frequently. Research institutions in the United States, especially the University of Washington, published the largest number of BO-related articles. Regarding authors, Vos, R is the most productive author, while Verleden, GM is the most influential in BO. In addition, JOURNAL OF HEART AND LUNG TRANSPLANTATION is the journal with the most published articles. The most cited article is Estenne M, 2002. Based on the clustering analysis of keywords and references, the diagnosis of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), treatment of BOS, and risk factors of BO are the current research hotspots and future research trends. We analyzed the publication trends in BO by bibliometrics and mapped the knowledge network of major contributing countries/regions, institutions, authors, and journals. Current research hotspots were found based on the main keywords and references. The outcome may help researchers identify potential collaborators, collaborating institutions, and hot fronts in BO to enhance collaboration on critical issues and improve the diagnosis and treatment of BO.
Clinical features and prognostic factors of spinal metastatic pancreatic cancer: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Yun Je Hwi , Cho Pyung Goo , Kim Kyung Tae , Shin Dong Ah , Kim Keung Nyun , Kim Sang Hyun , Noh Sung Hyun
Published: July 2023

Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignant cancer that shows the lowest survival rates. Recently, the 5-year survival rate of pancreatic cancer has been increasing, owing to early diagnosis and therapeutic advancement. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and significant prognostic factors of spinal metastatic pancreatic cancer. Seventeen patients diagnosed with spinal metastases originating from pancreatic cancer from January 2005 to December 2022 were divided into 2 groups: those who underwent spinal surgery and those who did not. We collected patients’ demographic data, clinical features, prognosis, and radiologic data. Age, sex, neurologic symptoms, symptom duration, metastasis location, non-neurologic symptoms, adjuvant therapy, overall survival, survival after spinal metastasis, pain score, and quality of life were compared. The average age was 64.05 (50–80) years. The average interval from pancreatic cancer diagnosis to spinal metastasis diagnosis was 12.53 (0–39) months. Eleven patients underwent spinal surgery, while six did not. Preoperative European Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score of the surgery group was 1.91 ± 1.04 and that of the non-surgery group was 2.5 ± 0.84. Survival time after spinal metastasis in the surgical group was 6.14 ± 6.0 months, while that in the non-surgery group was 2.54 ± 2.38 months. The 1-year survival rate after spinal metastasis was 18% in the surgical group, while that of the non-surgery group was 0% (P = .042). Pancreatic cancer patients with spinal metastases showed poor prognoses and extremely short survival rates. Despite poor prognosis, appropriate surgical treatment may improve prognoses.
Radiological characteristics of coronavirus patients
Authors: Bilgin Gulden , Yavuzdagli Zuhal , Arslan Ismail
Published: July 2023

The present study aimed to evaluate the radiological findings of coronavirus patients who had positive computed tomography of the lung following real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction testing. The data of 1727 patients who had reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing between May 2020 and August 2021 and had thoracic computed tomography (CT) on Days 7th to 8th were analyzed retrospectively. The Radiological Society of North America’s recommended reporting system was used to categorize CT findings. Of the 1727 patients who underwent RT-PCR testing, there were 1417 patients with positive CT results. Of these 1417 patients, 679 (47.9%) were female. When patients with high blood values were evaluated, the number of CT-positive patients was significantly higher than CT-negative patients (P < .05). The number of patients with low lymphocyte and albumin values was significantly higher (P < .05). In 75.7% of those who had positive CT results, the PCR result was positive. Thoracic CT is a critical diagnostic tool in Coronavirus Disease 2019 patients with RT-PCR negative. It also depicts the progression of lung involvement in RT-PCR-positive patients. Performing it late in the disease’s progression may increase the risk of contracting the disease.
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related gene signature for prognosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yu Hongmin , Dai Changxing , Li Jie , Zhang Xiangning
Published: July 2023

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with tumor invasion and progression, and is regulated by DNA methylation. A prognostic signature of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) with EMT-related gene data has not yet been established. In our study, we constructed a co-expression network using differentially expressed genes (DEGs) obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to identify hub genes. We conducted a correlation analysis between the differentially methylated hub genes and differentially expressed EMT-related genes to screen EMT-related differentially methylated genes (ERDMGs). Functional enrichment was performed to annotate the ERDMGs. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and stepwise Cox regression analyses were performed to build a survival prognosis prediction model. Additionally, druggability analysis was performed to predict the potential drug targets of ERDMGs. We screened 11 ERDMGs that were enriched in cell adhesion molecules and other signaling pathways. Finally, we constructed a 4-ERDMG model, which showed good ability to predict survival prognosis in the training and validation sets. The model could serve as an independent predictive factor for patients with LUSC. Additionally, our druggability analysis predicted that CC chemokine ligand 23 (CCL23) and Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1b (HNF1B) may be the underlying drug targets of LUSC. We established a new risk score (RS) system as a prognostic indicator to predict the outcome of patients with LUSC, which will help in the improvement of treatment strategies.
Molecular subtyping and prognostic risk characterization of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma based on lysosome-related genes
Authors: Zhang Aichun , Jin Yangzi , Zou Xinbo , Zhang Shuo
Published: July 2023

Lysosomes possess a multitude of biological functions and are known to play a crucial role in the proliferation and metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study aims to systematically investigate the potential role of lysosomes-related genes (LRGs) in the development of heterogeneity and prognosis in HNSCC. Publicly available transcriptome and clinical data of HNSCC were obtained and analyzed using consensus clustering to identify molecular subtypes. A risk model based on LRGs was developed and evaluated, including its correlation with clinical features, immune infiltration, drug sensitivity, and response to immune therapy. Gene set enrichment analysis was conducted to explore relevant pathways, and a prognostic nomogram model for HNSCC was constructed and evaluated. In this study, we identified 542 LRGs that exhibited differential expression in HNSCC, with 116 of these being significantly associated with overall survival. Two LRGs-derived molecular subtypes were identified, which displayed significant differences in prognosis and immune cell infiltration. Additionally, a prognostic risk model was developed, which included 13 LRGs. This model successfully divided HNSCC into low-risk and high-risk groups with different prognoses and immune cell infiltrations. The LRGs-derived risk signature was associated with immune infiltration, clinical features, drug sensitivity and immunotherapy response. The good prognosis of the low-risk group was linked to the activation of immune response-related processes and the inhibition of pathways such as necroptosis and neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Patients in the low-risk group had better immune therapy response, while those in the high-risk group had higher drug sensitivity. Finally, our nomogram, which combines clinical N staging and LRG-derived model, demonstrated excellent prognostic evaluation performance as shown by decision curve analysis and calibration curve. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of the expression and prognostic significance of LRGs in HNSCC, leading to the identification of 2 distinct molecular subtypes and the development of a risk model based on LRGs.
Induced membrane technique in the treatment of infected tibial bone defect: A retrospective study
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhang Wei , Ou Shuanji , Xu Changpeng , Qi Yong , Ma Xiangyang
Published: July 2023

To investigate the effect of the induced membrane technique (IMT) in the treatment of infected tibial bone defect. IMT is a 2-stage procedure dedicated to reconstruction of bone defects of the limbs. Treating injuries of the tibia characterized by segmental bone loss, severe damage to the soft tissue, and a conjoining infection is a challenge using IMT. A retrospective study was performed among the patients treated using IMT for infected tibial bone defect between 2017 and 2020. The complications were recorded, and the bone defect union and the functional results were evaluated by Paley method. All patients were followed up for at least 1 year. We included 12 patients (11 males) with a mean age of 44.5 years (range 19–65). The mean length of bone defect was 26.7 mm (range 10–60). The mean interval between the stage 1 and the stage 2 of the procedure was 11.8 weeks (range 4–32). At a mean follow-up of 18.08 months (range 12–32), bone union was achieved in all cases in a mean time of 8 months (range 5–16) without infection recurrence, where 1 patient received additional bone grafting. The joint function recovered well for the patients and the rate of functionally excellent and good results was 9/12. IMT in the treatment of infected tibial bone defect offers the advantages of simple operation, use of a smaller amount of autograft bone, and low recurrence rate of infection.
The relationship between papillary thyroid carcinoma and preoperative TSH level: A cross-sectional study from Syria
Authors: Shahrokh Marjan , Alsultan Mohammad , Kabalan Younes
Published: July 2023

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer, and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is the major growth factor for thyroid cells. It is also an available, inexpensive test and performed routinely while evaluating thyroid nodules. Yet the relationship between TSH levels and PTC is still controversial. Understanding the relationship between preoperative TSH levels and thyroid cancer helps to break new ground of current prevention, diagnosis, and management approaches of thyroid cancer. A cross-sectional retrospective study of patients underwent total thyroidectomy during 2019 at Al-Assad University Hospital, which included 305 individuals. All patients underwent thyroid ultrasonography and laboratory assessment of serum TSH levels prior to surgery, in addition to recording histological features of resected thyroid samples. The malignancy rate was 21.3%, PTC patients had higher TSH values across the entire study even when gender, age and number of thyroid nodules differed. A statistically significant increase in TSH levels was noticed by moving from the benign thyroid nodular disease (BTND) group to papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) group, then to thyroid cancer of larger size (TCLS) group (P = .001). A statistically significant relationship was also found between high TSH levels and lymph node metastases (LNM) (P = .008). TSH concentrations were significantly higher in patients with PTC, and higher TSH values were associated with TCLS and LNM.