bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisiting antecedents to collaborative consumption in the context of dual role consumers
Authors: Małecka Agnieszka , Mitręga Maciej , Pfajfar Gregor
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine the current factors that influence the attitudes and intentions of experienced dual‐role consumers toward collaborative consumption (CC), an area that has received less attention in previous research. Based on a multi‐theoretical perspective, we propose a conceptual model that incorporates rational choice theory to explain consumers' beliefs. This model also integrates a sociocultural perspective and establishes a link between consumers' beliefs, their attitudes toward CC, and their intentions to participate in CC, by employing the Beliefs‐Attitudes‐Intentions framework. A study conducted on a sample of 501 individuals involved in CC as both providers and consumers found a significant and positive relationship between CC attitudes and intentions. In addition, the study found that age negatively influences this relationship, suggesting that the strength of the relationship varies depending on the age of the participants. The effect of risk of property damage, self‐utility, and eco‐utility on CC attitudes and intentions is significant. The relationship between trust and CC intention is fully mediated by CC attitude. However, consumer resistance to CC only has a positive direct effect on CC intention, but not on CC attitude. No evidence was found that perceived helpfulness of CC has an influence on attitudes toward CC and the desire to participate in CC. The results of this study suggest that for experienced individuals who both consume and provide in the CC context, the decision to continue to participate in CC can be considered a rational choice.
Shedding Light on the D1‐Like Receptors: A Fluorescence‐Based Toolbox for Visualization of the D1 and D5 Receptors**
Authors: Rosier Niklas , Mönnich Denise , Nagl Martin , Schihada Hannes , Sirbu Alexei , Konar Nergis , Reyes‐Resina Irene , Navarro Gemma , Franco Rafael , Kolb Peter , Annibale Paolo , Pockes Steffen
Published: November 2023

Dopamine D1‐like receptors are the most abundant type of dopamine receptors in the central nervous system and, even after decades of discovery, still highly interesting for the study of neurological diseases. We herein describe the synthesis of a new set of fluorescent ligands, structurally derived from D1R antagonist SCH‐23390 and labeled with two different fluorescent dyes, as tool compounds for the visualization of D1‐like receptors. Pharmacological characterization in radioligand binding studies identified UR‐NR435 (25) as a high‐affinity ligand for D1‐like receptors (pKi (D1R)=8.34, pKi (D5R)=7.62) with excellent selectivity towards D2‐like receptors. Compound 25 proved to be a neutral antagonist at the D1R and D5R in a Gs heterotrimer dissociation assay, an important feature to avoid receptor internalization and degradation when working with whole cells. The neutral antagonist 25 displayed rapid association and complete dissociation to the D1R in kinetic binding studies using confocal microscopy verifying its applicability for fluorescence microscopy. Moreover, molecular brightness studies determined a single‐digit nanomolar binding affinity of the ligand, which was in good agreement with radioligand binding data. For this reason, this fluorescent ligand is a useful tool for a sophisticated characterization of native D1 receptors in a variety of experimental setups.
Fluorescent Tools for the Imaging of Dopamine D2‐Like Receptors**
Authors: Nagl Martin , Mönnich Denise , Rosier Niklas , Schihada Hannes , Sirbu Alexei , Konar Nergis , Reyes‐Resina Irene , Navarro Gemma , Franco Rafael , Kolb Peter , Annibale Paolo , Pockes Steffen
Published: November 2023

The family of dopamine D2‐like receptors represents an interesting target for a variety of neurological diseases, e. g. Parkinson's disease (PD), addiction, or schizophrenia. In this study we describe the synthesis of a new set of fluorescent ligands as tools for visualization of dopamine D2‐like receptors. Pharmacological characterization in radioligand binding studies identified UR‐MN212 (20) as a high‐affinity ligand for D2‐like receptors (pKi (D2longR)=8.24, pKi (D3R)=8.58, pKi (D4R)=7.78) with decent selectivity towards D1‐like receptors. Compound 20 is a neutral antagonist in a Go1 activation assay at the D2longR, D3R, and D4R, which is an important feature for studies using whole cells. The neutral antagonist 20, equipped with a 5‐TAMRA dye, displayed rapid association to the D2longR in binding studies using confocal microscopy demonstrating its suitability for fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, in molecular brightness studies, the ligand's binding affinity could be determined in a single‐digit nanomolar range that was in good agreement with radioligand binding data. Therefore, the fluorescent compound can be used for quantitative characterization of native D2‐like receptors in a broad variety of experimental setups.
One‐year outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with the revived directional coronary atherectomy catheter: Insights from the J‐PCI OUTCOME registry
Authors: Numasawa Yohei , Sawano Mitsuaki , Ishii Hideki , Kohsaka Shun , Kikuta Yuetsu , Matoba Tetsuya , Amano Tetsuya , Kozuma Ken ,   The J‐PCI Registry Investigators
Published: November 2023

Objectives

We sought to investigate the 1‐year outcomes, including all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), and major bleeding, of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with or without the revived directional coronary atherectomy (DCA) catheter in a Japanese nationwide registry.

Background

Clinical data regarding the midterm outcomes of patients undergoing PCI with DCA are scarce in contemporary real‐world practice.

Methods

We analyzed the data of 74,764 patients who underwent PCI at 179 hospitals from January 2017 to December 2018. The baseline characteristics and 1‐year outcomes of patients with stable coronary artery disease or unstable angina who underwent PCI with or without DCA were assessed.

Results

Overall, 431 patients (0.6%) underwent PCI with DCA. Patients in the DCA group were younger and predominantly male, with fewer comorbidities than patients in the non‐DCA group. Stentless PCI with DCA following additional drug‐coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty was the dominant strategy in the DCA group (43.6%). One‐year outcomes, including all‐cause mortality (1.2% in the DCA group vs. 2.5% in the non‐DCA group, respectively, p = 0.075), cardiovascular death (0.9% vs. 1.0%, p = 0.69), MACEs (1.9% vs. 1.8%, p = 0.96), and nonfatal major bleeding requiring readmission (1.2% vs. 1.4%, p = 0.62), were comparable between the two groups. In the DCA group, 1‐year outcomes were comparable, regardless of whether the stent or DCB was used.

Conclusions

One‐year clinical outcomes after PCI with DCA in patients with stable coronary artery disease or unstable angina are acceptable, regardless of stent use.
Control of Salmonella in wheat grains with sodium bisulfate tempering and its impact on flour quality
Authors: Doddabematti Prakash Shivaprasad , Rivera Jared , Siliveru Kaliramesh
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives

In the last decade, the incidence of foodborne illness outbreaks and recalls connected with wheat flour and flour‐based goods infected with enteric bacteria such as Salmonella has increased. In this study, the activity of sodium bisulfate (SBS) as an antibacterial agent against four different serovars of Salmonella enterica is investigated.

Findings

The dose‐dependent, anti‐Salmonella concentration of SBS revealed a minimum inhibitory activity of 0.32%. At this concentration, SBS induced the production of reactive oxygen species, demonstrating that lysis of bacterial cells has occurred. SBS tempering (1.5% SBS, w/v) reduced wheat Salmonella load by 4.3 log CFU/g after 24 h of tempering. Additionally, tempering at 0% (control) and 1.5% SBS (17% moisture, 24 h) showed similar (p > .05) flour functionality (rheology and composition) and baking characteristics (volume, texture, and crumb structure).

Conclusion

These results suggest that SBS is a viable antibacterial tempering agent to reduce Salmonella contamination in wheat before milling.

Significance and Novelty

Acidic water tempering, as opposed to the traditional water tempering method, may result in milled products with improved microbiological quality.
Bilateral thalamic stroke due to occlusion of the artery of Percheron: A case report and literature review
Authors: Achhami Eliz , Lamichhane Seshkanta , Mahaju Satyam , Adhikari Lukash , Kandel Ashim , Poudel Anubhav
Published: November 2023

Bilateral thalamic infarction resulting from the occlusion of the artery of Percheron (AOP) is a rare cerebrovascular event with distinctive clinical presentations. This case report explores the intricate relationship between vascular anatomy, midbrain function, and clinical manifestations. A 48‐year‐old male farmer with a history of diabetes mellitus presented with sudden‐onset visual disturbances, diplopia, bilateral eyelid drooping, and loss of consciousness. Extensive evaluations, including advanced imaging techniques, led to the diagnosis of bilateral upper midbrain infarction involving AOP. This case underscores the complexity of neurovascular interactions, highlighting the importance of precise diagnosis, and tailored management in addressing rare cerebrovascular conditions.
Deep Reconstruction of Mo‐based OER Pre‐Catalysts in Water Electrolysis at High Current Densities
Authors: Antony Rajini P. , Cechanaviciute Ieva A. , Quast Thomas , Zerdoumi Ridha , Saddeler Sascha , Junqueira João R. C. , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: November 2023

Evaluating the dynamic structural reconstruction processes of transition metal‐based oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts at industrial current densities in a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) configuration of an anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyzer is required for the practical application of OER electrodes in AEM‐type next‐generation electrolyzers. This study unveils the deep reconstruction phenomenon of a Mo‐containing OER catalyst anode during electrolysis at high current densities. A complete reconstruction of the catalyst due to selective Mo‐leaching is inevitable during high current operation and thereby new catalytic surfaces of the Mo‐containing Ni‐based electrodes for sustainable water electrolysis are exposed. The reconstruction was confirmed by ex situ and in situ surface characterization techniques. A scalable route for electrode fabrication demonstrated and it is shown that the reconstruction mechanism of the catalyst leads to a more sustainable operation of the electrolyzer at high current densities.
Construction of a Functional and Robust Cobalt(II) Phthalocyanine‐Modified Electrode for the Electrocatalytic Detection of Paraquat
Authors: Moodley Danica , Nocanda Xolani , Nelson Peter , Mambanda Allen , Booysen Irvin Noel
Published: November 2023

This study explores the optimization and application of a gold‐modified electrode, CoPc‐cou‐f‐MWCNTs/3‐HT|Au, for the electrocatalytic detection of a water pollutant, paraquat (PQ). It was fabricated via a sequential modification procedure entailing the formation of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of a nanocomposite comprising of a coumarin tetra‐substituted cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc‐cou) and carboxylic acid functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (f‐MWCNTs). This was followed by the in‐situ immobilization of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) ([3‐HT]n) through electropolymerisation to render the chemically modified electrode (CME). Subsequently, the CME illustrated enhanced sensitivity towards PQ compared to the bare or CoPc‐cou‐f‐MWCNTs modified electrodes. The CoPc‐cou‐f‐MWCNTs/3‐HT|Au electrode displayed a linear PQ detection range of 0.584–1000 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.193 μM and 0.584 μM, respectively. Comparison between calibration curves for the modified electrode and HPLC‐MS illustrates that the former method has a lower but comparable calibration sensitivity for PQ. In addition, this CME could electrocatalytically distinguish PQ within a real water sample collected from the Durban lagoon. Furthermore, the direct recovery of PQ in the lagoon water by the modified Au electrode was found to be 86 %, which is lower than the calculated value of 97 % obtained by HPLC‐MS after rigorous solid‐phase microextraction of the analyte. However, the lower percentage recovery could be rationalized by the interference studies.
Calamitic Liquid Crystals for Reversible Light‐Modulated Phase Regulation Based on Arylazopyrazole Photoswitches
Authors: Trân Hoàn Quân , Kawano Shinichiro , Thielemann Rebecca E. , Tanaka Kentaro , Ravoo Bart Jan
Published: November 2023

The design of responsive liquid crystals enables a diversity of technological applications. Especially photochromic liquid crystals gained a lot of interest in recent years due to the excellent spatiotemporal control of their phase transitions. In this work we present calamitic light responsive mesogens based on a library of arylazopyrazole photoswitches. These compounds show liquid‐crystalline behavior as shown by differential scanning calorimetry, grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction and polarized optical microscopy. UV‐vis spectroscopy and NMR analysis confirmed the excellent photophysical properties in solution and thin film. Additionally, polarized optical microscopy studies of the pristine compounds show reversible phase transition upon irradiation with light. Moreover, as a dopant in the commercially available liquid crystal 4‐cyano‐4′‐pentylbiphenyl (5CB), the temperature range was reduced to ambient temperatures while preserving the photophysical properties. Remarkably, this co‐assembled system shows reversible liquid‐crystalline to isotropic phase transition upon irradiation with light of different wavelengths. The spatiotemporal control of the phase transition of the liquid crystals offers opportunities in the development of optical devices.
Coordination Engineering of Heteronuclear Fe−Mo Dual‐Atom Catalyst for Promoted Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation: A DFT Study
Authors: Liu Xiaojing , Wang Zhiwei , Feng Guoning , Sun Yujie , Zhang Xintao , Chen Xin , Sa Rongjian , Li Qiaohong , Sun Chenghua , Ma Zuju
Published: November 2023

Developing efficient nanostructured electrocatalysts for N2 reduction to NH3 under mild conditions remains a major challenge. The Fe−Mo cofactor serves as the archetypal active site in nitrogenase. Inspired by nitrogenase, we designed a series of heteronuclear dual‐atom catalysts (DACs) labeled as FeMoN6−aXa (a=1, 2, 3; X=B, C, O, S) anchored on the pore of g‐C3N4 to probe the impact of coordination on FeMo‐catalyzed nitrogen fixation. The stability, reaction paths, activity, and selectivity of 12 different FeMoN6−aXa DACs have been systematically studied using density functional theory. Of these, four DACs (FeMoN5B1, FeMoN5O1, FeMoN4O2, and FeMoN3C3) displayed promising nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) performance. Notably, FeMoN5O1 stands out with an ultralow limiting potential of −0.11 V and high selectivity. Analysis of the density of states and charge/spin changes shows FeMoN5O1′s high activity arises from optimal N2 binding on Fe initially and synergy of the FeMo dimer enabling protonation in NRR. This work contributes to the advancement of rational design for efficient NRR catalysts by regulating atomic coordination environments.
Recovery of phosphorus from aqueous media as vivianite by crystallization
Authors: Buyukkamaci Nurdan , Karabacakogullari Seda , Totur Pamik Duygu
Published: November 2023

Since phosphorus resources are limited, optimal management of available phosphorus (P) and phosphorus recovery is a vital issue for the entire world. Studies continue on more efficient and economical phosphorus recovery techniques from wastewater and sludge. Recovery of phosphorus as vivianite is a current issue worldwide and studies are ongoing. Vivianite is a valuable mineral used in some industrial facilities and agricultural activities. Therefore, recovery of P from wastewater based on vivianite formation not only contributes to the sustainable use of phosphorus but also provides potential economic opportunities. In this study, it was aimed to determine the recovery potential of phosphorus as vivianite and to evaluate the effects of operational conditions on phosphorus recovery. For this purpose, two types of lab‐scale crystallizer, semibatch completely mixed and fluidized bed, were used. In experimental studies, the effects of operating parameters such as pH, Fe/P ratio, Fe feeding rate, and P concentration for vivianite crystallization were investigated. The highest phosphorus recovery was found at a Fe/P ratio of 1.8 and P removal efficiency of up to 69% was achieved by vivianite crystallization.
The genetic landscape of histologically transformed marginal zone lymphomas
Authors: Li Anqi , Yi Hongmei , Deng Shijie , Ruan Miao , Xu Pengpeng , Huo Yujia , Lu Haiyang , Shen Xia , Ouyang Binsen , Cai Mingci , Xu Haimin , Wang Zhongyu , Zhang Lei , Zhu Lingyan , Peng Qi , Gu Yijin , Xie Jialing , Wang Yan , Dong Lei , Liu Zebing , Wang Chaofu
Published: November 2023

Background

Marginal zone lymphomas (MZLs) comprise a diverse group of indolent lymphoproliferative disorders; however, some patients develop histologic transformation (HT) with rapid progression to aggressive lymphoma.

Methods

Forty‐three MZLs with HT (HT‐MZLs), 535 MZLs, and 174 de novo diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) without rearrangements of MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 were collected. Among these, 22 HT‐MZLs, 39 MZLs, and 174 DLBCLs were subjected to 148‐gene targeted exome sequencing. The clinicopathologic features of patients who had HT‐MZL and their genetic alterations were compared with those of patients who had MZLs and DLBCLs.

Results

All 43 HT‐MZLs corresponded to DLBCLs. No HT‐MZLs harbored BCL2 and MYC and/or BCL6 rearrangements. Bone marrow involvement and higher levels of lactate dehydrogenase were significantly more common in HT‐MZLs than in MZLs. Furthermore, upregulated BCL6, MUM1, C‐MYC, and Ki‐67 expression was observed more frequently in HT‐MZLs than in MZLs. TBL1XR1 was the most frequently altered gene (63.6%) in HT‐MZLs, followed by CCND3 (31.8%), CARD11, ID3, and TP53 (22.7%). A trend toward worse progression‐free survival in patients with TBL1XR1 mutations was observed. Compared with MZLs and non–germinal center B‐cell (GCB) type DLBCLs, significantly higher frequencies of TBL1XR1 and ID3 mutations were identified in HT‐MZLs. PIM1 mutations frequently occurred in DLBCLs and were significantly associated with TBL1XR1 mutations but were mutated less in HT‐MZLs that had TBL1XR1 mutations.

Conclusions

The current findings reveal the clinicopathologic and genetic features of HT‐MZLs, suggesting that these tumors might constitute a group distinct from MZL and de novo non–GCB type DLBCL. TBL1XR1 mutations may be considered a predictor of HT in MZL.
Selection of Galectin‐Binding Ligands from Synthetic Glycopeptide Libraries
Authors: Kovalová Anna , Prouza Vít , Zavřel Martin , Hájek Miroslav , Dzijak Rastislav , Magdolenová Alžbeta , Pohl Radek , Voburka Zdeněk , Parkan Kamil , Vrabel Milan
Published: November 2023

Galectins, a class of carbohydrate‐binding proteins, play a crucial role in various physiological and disease processes. Therefore, the identification of ligands that efficiently bind these proteins could potentially lead to the development of new therapeutic compounds. In this study, we present a method that involves screening synthetic click glycopeptide libraries to identify lectin‐binding ligands with low micromolar affinity. Our methodology, initially optimized using Concanavalin A, was subsequently applied to identify binders for the therapeutically relevant galectin 1. Binding affinities were assessed using various methods and showed that the selected glycopeptides exhibited enhanced binding potency to the target lectins compared to the starting sugar moieties. This approach offers an alternative means of discovering galectin‐binding ligands as well as other carbohydrate‐binding proteins, which are considered important therapeutic targets.
Function of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 and its role in central nervous system diseases: An update on clinical evidence
Authors: Zhu Xiao‐Bin , Xu Yao‐Yao , Li Liu‐Cheng , Sun Jia‐Bin , Wang Yu‐Zhen , Chen Jie , Wang Chen , Zhang Su , Jin Liang‐Yan
Published: November 2023

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has attracted lots of attention in preventing the clearance of plasma low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C). PCSK9 inhibitors are developed to primarily reduce the cardiovascular risk by lowering LDL‐C level. Recently, a number of pleiotropic extrahepatic functions of PCSK9 beyond the regulation of cholesterol metabolism, particularly its effects on central nervous system (CNS) diseases have been increasingly identified. Emerging clinical evidence have revealed that PCSK9 may play a significant role in neurocognition, depression, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke. The focus of this review is to elucidate the functions of PCSK9 and highlight the effects of PCSK9 in CNS diseases, with the aim of identifying the potential risks that may arise from low PCSK9 level (variant or inhibitor) in the clinical practice.
Design of an Innovative Point Array Offshore Floating Wind Turbine System and Analysis of Hydrodynamic Coupling Response Law
Authors: Zhu Jiangfeng , Cao Yuguang , Liu Yuanyuan
Published: November 2023

The new lattice floating wind turbine integrated system (also known as dot matrix floating wind turbine, and hereinafter referred to as DMF) is proposed as a new concept. More far reaching, it has obvious advantages over the traditional floating wind turbine scheme in terms of structural cost and motion stability, which provides a new idea for the development of offshore wind power energy. First, the structural parameters and mechanical model of DMF are analyzed to determine the feasibility and superiority of the overall scheme of the new lattice foundation. It is concluded that the stability of DMF in pitching motion is 70% higher than that of the traditional OC4 system. In order to further verify the feasibility of the DMF system and the accuracy of the theoretical model, based on the similarity theory, the research carried out the small‐scale prototype processing of DMF and the simulation experiment of wind wave flume. The test results are in good agreement with the simulation data. This study provides a reference and theoretical basis for the research and development of offshore multi wind turbine combined equipment and hydrodynamic stability optimization. It has certain theoretical guiding significance and economic development value.
Lead exposure and student outcomes: A study of Flint schools
Authors: Sauve‐Syed Jessica
Published: November 2023

This paper estimates the impacts of cumulative lead exposure on the short‐run discipline and academic achievement of elementary school students. An exogenous, heterogeneous shock of lead‐in‐water levels within classrooms at Flint Community Schools provides the treatment variation used to focus on the understudied, short‐run effects of lead on older children. At the mean level of classroom lead exposure disciplinary actions increased by 8 actions per grade within each school, and the share of students proficient in both math and reading declined. These results may help explain observed disparities in both behavior and academic achievement for underprivileged groups.
Miracles in medicine: A narrative inquiry exploring extraordinary events in pediatrics
Authors: Huynh Geraldine , Rashid Marghalara , Foulds Jessica L.
Published: November 2023

Background and Aims

Whether miracles are seen as a source of conflict between healthcare teams and families, a foolish or even harmful belief, or a hindrance to system‐wide improvements and scientific inquiry, miracles within medicine have long been questioned. We were interested in the perspectives of pediatricians on miracles and how that has informed their care of patients. We also sought to explore the intersection and relationship between the medical sciences, faith, and how we view miracles.

Methods

Using narrative inquiry as a research methodology, we had conversations and explored the experiences of physicians who work directly within pediatric clinical care. We used purposeful sampling by emailing several pediatricians whom we felt might have been interested in the project and may have had experiences with perceived medical miracles. All conversations were conducted over Zoom and recorded.

Results

We conducted one to three conversations with each participant. During our analysis, we identified two threads. First, participants described miracles mostly as favorable and fortuitous events that invoked a sense of wonder due to contextual factors such as geography, access to resources, time in history but also previous experiences and the expectations of the clinician. Second, there is a complex dynamic within and between the medical sciences and the faith commitments of clinicians and families, especially when facing life‐limiting or end‐of‐life illness.

Conclusions

The stories that our participants told not only informed their past experiences and how they remembered them but also their present and future experiences. Exploring the topic of medical miracles allowed us to better understand the social discourses that shape our perceptions of miracles, death, and the role of the physician. These stories offer us hope and possibility in a time when we as a medical community may have lost our sense of wonder and the ability to notice miracles.
Mandatory CSR disclosure, institutional ownership and firm value: Evidence from China
Authors: Shah Syed Zulfiqar Ali , Akbar Saeed , Zhu Xiaoyun
Published: November 2023

This study aims to contribute to the relevant accounting, corporate governance, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) literature by examining the value relevance of mandatory CSR disclosures in China. Using a difference‐in‐differences (DID) research design and a sample based on propensity score matching (PSM) over the period from 2003 to 2020, our findings suggest that mandatory CSR disclosures are negatively associated with firm' values. We also find that firms with a high level of institutional ownership and leverage experience a relatively lower drop in firms' values as a result of the mandatory CSR disclosures. These findings remain robust to alternative sampling design, use of market to book value as an alternative measure of firms' market‐based performance, and a parallel test to validate our DID analysis. Our findings have useful implications for managers, regulators, policy makers and other stakeholders.
TOKEN ECONOMY MENTAL HOSPITAL SOCIETY
Authors: Ulmer Raymond A.
Published: November 2023

Le système économique, basé sur des jetons, d'un hôpital psychiatrique, tel qu'il est décrit par Ayllon et Azrin (1968), constitue une société expérimentale, opérationnelle, hautement contrôlée. Cette sous‐culture est un laboratoire de relations humaines qui permet de tester des hypothèses culturelles et interculturelles sur le fonctionnement et les changements de la personnalité en liaison avec l'appartenance à un système économique fondé sur des jetons. Les hypothèses relatives à la personnalité peuvent être quantifiées et rendues objectives par l'emploi d'instruments de mesure hautement structurés comme l'Echelle de Comportement Social Minimal pour enfants et adultes. Cette échelle est actuellement utilisée aux Etats‐Unis, en Tchécoslovaquie, en France, en Inde, en Espagne, pour obtenir des renseignements sur le fonctionnement et les changements de la personnalité en liaison avec des programmes particuliers de traitement. Les modes de traitement qu'on cherche à évaluer comprennent: thérapie par conditionnement opérant, traitement par drogues, psychothérapie traditionnelle et rééducation.
Diethyl phthalate, a plasticizer, induces adipocyte inflammation and apoptosis in mice after long‐term dietary administration
Authors: Mondal Shirsha , Basu Soumyadeep , Ghosh Songita , Guria Suktara , Mukherjee Sutapa
Published: November 2023

The incidence of metabolic diseases is increasing alarmingly in recent times. Parallel to nutritional excess and sedentary lifestyle, the random usage of several endocrine disrupting chemicals including plasticizers is reported to be closely associated with metabolic diseases. Diethyl phthalate (DEP) is a widely used plasticizer in a host of consumer and daily care products. Adipose tissue plays a central role in energy storage and whole‐body metabolism. The impairment of adipose function is critically implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, diabetes, and related metabolic diseases. Recently, exposure to certain phthalate esters has been linked to the development of obesity and diabetes, although there are contradictions and the mechanisms are not clearly understood. In an effort to ascertain the metabolic consequences of chronic phthalate exposure and the underlying mechanism, the present study was designed to examine the effects of long‐term dietary consumption of DEP in adipocytes. DEP‐treated mice were hyperglycemic but nonobese; their body weight initially increased which subsequently was reduced compared to control. DEP exposure at lower levels impaired adipogenesis by downregulating the key transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ and its downstream insulin‐sensitizing adipokine, adiponectin, thereby severely compromising adipocyte function. The activation of master regulator nuclear factor κB led to rise in proinflammatory cytokines. We found that DEP triggered intrinsic apoptotic pathways through activated cytochrome c‐Apaf1‐caspase 9‐caspase 3 axis in adipocytes. Taken together, our data revealed that chronic administration of dietary DEP could unleash adverse metabolic outcomes by initiating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the adipocytes, thus leading to adipose tissue dysfunction.
Forsythoside B alleviates osteoarthritis through the HMGB1/TLR4/NF‐κB and Keap1/Nrf2/HO‐1 pathways
Authors: Li Shujuan , Li Yan , Hou Li , Tang Li , Gao Fang
Published: November 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint pain and dysfunction syndrome resulting from severe joint degeneration. Inflammation and degeneration of the articular cartilage are two main features of OA and have tight interactions during OA progression. Conventional treatment with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs has been widely utilized clinically, whereas the side effects have restricted their application. Forsythoside B has been found with anti‐inflammatory effects and antiapoptosis in inflammatory diseases, whereas in OA it remains poorly understood. Interleukin (IL)−1β (10 ng/mL) was taken to induce an OA cell model on HC‐A chondrocytes and an OA rat model was constructed for in vivo experiments. Forsythoside B was adopted to treat HC‐A chondrocytes and OA rats. As shown by the data, Forsythoside B hampered IL‐1β‐elicited rat chondrocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress, and facilitated proliferation. The profiles of inflammatory factors, NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasomes, Kelch‐like epichlorohydrin‐associated protein‐1 (Keap1), and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) phosphorylation were suppressed by Forsythoside B, whereas the nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) levels were promoted. Further, Forsythoside B mitigated cartilage damage and degeneration. Moreover, the oxidative stress and inflammation mediators in the cartilage tissue of OA rats were remarkably abated. Collectively, Forsythoside B hinders the NF‐κB and Keap1/Nrf2/HO‐1 pathways to curb IL‐1β‐elicited OA rat oxidative stress and inflammation both in vivo and ex vivo, ameliorating OA development. All over, this study provides an underlying strategy for treating OA, which might help the clinical treatment of OA patients.
Bioinformatics insights into CENP‐T and CENP‐W protein‐protein interaction disruptive amino acid substitution in the CENP‐T‐W complex
Authors: Mohanty Suryakanta , Bhadane Rajendra , Kumar Shashank
Published: November 2023

Kinetochores are multi‐protein assemblies present at the centromere of the human chromosome and play a crucial role in cellular mitosis. The CENP‐T and CENP‐W chains form a heterodimer, which is an integral part of the inner kinetochore, interacting with the linker DNA on one side and the outer kinetochore on the other. Additionally, the CENP‐T‐W dimer interacts with other regulatory proteins involved in forming inner kinetochores. The specific roles of different amino acids in the CENP‐W at the protein‐protein interaction (PPI) interface during the CENP‐T‐W dimer formation remain incompletely understood. Since cell division goes awry in diseases like cancer, this CENP‐T‐W partnership is a potential target for new drugs that could restore healthy cell division. We employed molecular docking, binding free energy calculations, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the disruptive effects of amino acids substitutions in the CENP‐W chain on CENP‐T‐W dimer formation. By conducting a molecular docking study and analysing hydrogen bonding interactions, we identified key residues in CENP‐W (ASN‐46, ARG‐53, LEU‐83, SER‐86, ARG‐87, and GLY‐88) for further investigation. Through site‐directed mutagenesis and subsequent binding free energy calculations, we refined the selection of mutant. We chose four mutants (N46K, R53K, L83K, and R87E) of CENP‐W to assess their comparative potential in forming CENP‐T‐W dimer. Our analysis from 250 ns long revealed that the substitution of LEU83 and ARG53 residues in CENP‐W with the LYS significantly disrupts the formation of CENP‐T‐W dimer. In conclusion, LEU83 and ARG53 play a critical role in CENP‐T and CENP‐W dimerization which is ultimately required for cellular mitosis. Our findings not only deepen our understanding of cell division but also hint at exciting drug‐target possibilities.
Discovery of a series of silicon‐based ferrimagnets in CrMnSin (n = 4–20) clusters
Authors: Wang Kai , Zhang Ying , Wang Chaoyong , Zhao Jun , Liu Le , Chen Jiaye , Wang Yarui
Published: November 2023

Herein, the structural evolution, electronic and magnetic properties of silicon clusters with two different dopants, CrMnSin (n = 4–20) clusters were investigated at density functional theory (DFT) level. Small‐sized CrMnSin (n = 4–9) clusters tend to adopt bipyramid‐based geometries, while clusters with sizes n = 10 and 11 prefer to opening cage‐like structures. For sizes n = 12 to 14, the half‐encapsulated structures gradually transform into closed‐cage Cr@Sin structures, with the Mn atom exposed outside. Starting from size 15, both the Cr and Mn atoms are completely encapsulated by silicon atoms. Meanwhile, the Cr and Mn atoms in smaller‐sized CrMnSin (n = 4–7) clusters tend to be separated, while they prefer to stay together for larger sizes. Cr atom always acts as electron donor, but not for Mn atom. From the average binding energies, one can conclude that it is easier to form larger size clusters. Smaller and larger sized CrMnSin (n = 4–9 and 19–20) clusters prefer to exhibit ferromagnetic Cr–Mn coupling, while sizes n = 10–18 always exhibit ferrimagnetic state. To our knowledge, the CrMnSin clusters is the first kind of neutral transition‐metal doped semiconductor clusters that show ferrimagnetic state within a wide size range.
OCT4 regulates WNT/β‐catenin signaling and prevents mesoendoderm differentiation by repressing EOMES in porcine pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Xu Tian , Su Peng , Wu Linhui , Li Delong , Qin Wei , Li Qiao , Zhou Jilong , Miao Yi‐Liang
Published: November 2023

The regulatory network between signaling pathways and transcription factors (TFs) is crucial for the maintenance of pluripotent stem cells. However, little is known about how the key TF OCT4 coordinates signaling pathways to regulate self‐renewal and lineage differentiation of porcine pluripotent stem cells (pPSCs). Here, we explored the function of OCT4 in pPSCs by transcriptome and chromatin accessibility analysis. The TFs motif enrichment analysis revealed that, following OCT4 knockdown, the regions of increased chromatin accessibility were enriched with EOMES, GATA6, and FOXA1, indicating that pPSCs differentiated toward the mesoendoderm (ME) lineage. Besides, pPSCs rapidly differentiated into ME when the WNT/β‐catenin inhibitor XAV939 was removed. However, the ME differentiation of pPSCs caused by OCT4 knockdown did not rely on the activation of WNT/β‐catenin signaling because the target gene of WNT/β‐catenin signaling, AXIN2 was not upregulated after OCT4 knockdown, despite significant upregulation of WLS and some WNT ligands. Importantly, OCT4 is directly bound to the promoter and enhancers of EOMES and repressed its transcription. Overexpression of EOMES was sufficient to induce ME differentiation in the presence of XAV939. These results demonstrate that OCT4 can regulate WNT/β‐catenin signaling and prevent ME differentiation of pPSCs by repressing EOMES transcription.
NDP52 SUMOylation contributes to low‐dose X‐rays‐induced cardiac hypertrophy through PINK1/Parkin‐mediated mitophagy via MUL1/SUMO2 signalling
Authors: Gao Anbo , Wang Mengjie , Tang Xing , Shi Gangqing , Hou Kai , Fang Jinren , Zhou Linlin , Zhou Hong , Jiang Weimin , Li Yukun , Ouyang Fan
Published: November 2023

Radiation‐induced heart damage caused by low‐dose X‐rays has a significant impact on tumour patients' prognosis, with cardiac hypertrophy being the most severe noncarcinogenic adverse effect. Our previous study demonstrated that mitophagy activation promoted cardiac hypertrophy, but the underlying mechanisms remained unclear. In the present study, PARL‐IN‐1 enhanced excessive hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes and exacerbated mitochondrial damage. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification‐based quantitative proteomics identified NDP52 as a crucial target mediating cardiac hypertrophy induced by low‐dose X‐rays. SUMOylation proteomics revealed that the SUMO E3 ligase MUL1 facilitated NDP52 SUMOylation through SUMO2. Co‐IP coupled with LC–MS/MS identified a critical lysine residue at position 262 of NDP52 as the key site for SUMO2‐mediated SUMOylation of NDP52. The point mutation plasmid NDP52K262R inhibited mitophagy under MUL1 overexpression, as evidenced by inhibition of LC3 interaction with NDP52, PINK1 and LAMP2A. A mitochondrial dissociation study revealed that NDP52K262R inhibited PINK1 targeting to endosomes early endosomal marker (EEA1), late/lysosome endosomal marker (LAMP2A) and recycling endosomal marker (RAB11), and laser confocal microscopy confirmed that NDP52K262R impaired the recruitment of mitochondria to the autophagic pathway through EEA1/RAB11 and ATG3, ATG5, ATG16L1 and STX17, but did not affect mitochondrial delivery to lysosomes via LAMP2A for degradation. In conclusion, our findings suggest that MUL1‐mediated SUMOylation of NDP52 plays a crucial role in regulating mitophagy in the context of low‐dose X‐ray‐induced cardiac hypertrophy. Two hundred sixty‐second lysine of NDP52 is identified as a key SUMOylation site for low‐dose X‐ray promoting mitophagy activation and cardiac hypertrophy. Collectively, this study provides novel implications for the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing the progression of cardiac hypertrophy induced by low‐dose X‐rays.
Apoptosis antagonizing transcription factor‐mediated liver damage and inflammation to cancer: Therapeutic intervention by curcumin in experimental metabolic dysfunction associated steatohepatitis‐hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Srinivas Akshatha N. , Suresh Diwakar , Chidambaram Saravana B. , Santhekadur Prasanna K. , Kumar Divya P.
Published: November 2023

In tandem with the expanding obesity pandemic, the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction associated steatohepatitis (MASH, formerly known as NASH)‐ driven hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is predicted to rise globally, creating a significant need for therapeutic interventions. We previously identified the upregulation of apoptosis antagonizing transcription factor (AATF), which is implicated in facilitating the progression from MASH to HCC. The objective of this study was to examine whether the intervention of curcumin could alleviate AATF‐mediated MASH, inhibit tumor growth, and elucidate the underlying mechanism. A preclinical murine model mimicking human MASH‐HCC was employed, subjecting mice to either a chow diet normal water (CDNW) or western diet sugar water (WDSW) along with very low dose of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4‐ 0.2 μL/g, weekly). Mice receiving curcumin (CUR) alongside WDSW/CCl4 exhibited significant improvements, including reduced liver enzymes, dyslipidemia, steatosis, inflammation, and hepatocellular ballooning. Curcumin treatment also suppressed hepatic expression of inflammatory, fibrogenic, and oncogenic markers. Of note, there was a significant reduction in the expression of AATF upon curcumin treatment in WDSW/CCl4 mice and human HCC cells. In contrast, curcumin upregulated Kruppel‐like factor 4 (KLF4) in MASH liver and HCC cells, which is known to downregulate sp1 (specificity protein‐1) expression. Thus, curcumin treatment effectively inhibited the progression of MASH to HCC by downregulating the expression of AATF via the KLF4‐Sp1 signaling pathway. These preclinical findings establish a novel molecular connection between curcumin and AATF in reducing hepatocarcinogenesis, and provide a strong rationale for the development of curcumin as a viable treatment for MASH‐HCC in humans.
Improved endurance capacity of diabetic mice during SGLT2 inhibition: Role of AICARP, an AMPK activator in the soleus
Authors: Nakamura Shintaro , Miyachi Yasutaka , Shinjo Akihito , Yokomizo Hisashi , Takahashi Masatomo , Nakatani Kohta , Izumi Yoshihiro , Otsuka Hiroko , Sato Naoichi , Sakamoto Ryuichi , Miyazawa Takashi , Bamba Takeshi , Ogawa Yoshihiro
Published: November 2023

Background

Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of deleterious changes in muscle mass and function or sarcopenia, leading to physical inactivity and worsening glycaemic control. Given the negative energy balance during sodium–glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibition, whether SGLT2 inhibitors affect skeletal muscle mass and function is a matter of concern. However, how SGLT2 inhibition affects the skeletal muscle function in patients with diabetes remains insufficiently explored. We aimed to explore the effects of canagliflozin (CANA), an SGLT2 inhibitor, on skeletal muscles in genetically diabetic db/db mice focusing on the differential responses of oxidative and glycolytic muscles.

Methods

Db/db mice were treated with CANA for 4 weeks. We measured running distance and handgrip strength to assess skeletal muscle function during CANA treatment. At the end of the experiment, we performed a targeted metabolome analysis of the skeletal muscles.

Results

CANA treatment improved the reduced endurance capacity, as revealed by running distance in db/db mice (414.9 ± 52.8 vs. 88.7 ± 22.7 m, P < 0.05). Targeted metabolome analysis revealed that 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide‐1‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl 5′‐monophosphate (AICARP), a naturally occurring AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, increased in the oxidative soleus muscle (P < 0.05), but not in the glycolytic extensor digitorum longus muscle (P = 0.4376), with increased levels of AMPK phosphorylation (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

This study highlights the potential role of the AICARP/AMPK pathway in oxidative rather than glycolytic skeletal muscles during SGLT2 inhibition, providing novel insights into the mechanism by which SGLT2 inhibitors improve endurance capacity in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Vaccine escape challenges virus prevention: The example of two vaccine‐preventable oncogenic viruses
Authors: Qu Wenjie , Sui Long , Li Yanyun
Published: November 2023

Over the years, the pace of developing vaccines for HBV and HPV has never stopped. After more than 30 years of application, the HBV vaccine has reduced 80% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, vaccine escape variants occur under selective pressure induced by widespread vaccination and antiviral therapy, which results in fulminant infection and horizontal transmission. Several mechanisms have been studied to explain HBV vaccine escape, including vaccine escape mutations (VEMs) in the major hydrophilic region, which leads to a decrease in the binding ability to neutralize antibodies and is the primary escape mechanism, protein conformational and N‐linked glycosylation sites changes caused by VEMs, differences in genotype distribution, gene recombination, and some temporarily unknown reasons. However, effective solutions are still being explored. The HPV vaccine has also been proven to prevent 70%–90% of cervical cancer worldwide. Cases of HPV infection after being vaccinated have been observed in clinical practice. However, few researchers have paid attention to the mechanism of HPV vaccine escape. Thus, we reviewed the literature on vaccine escape of both HBV and HPV to discuss the mechanism of the virus escaping from vaccine protection and possible solutions to this problem. We analyzed the gap between studies of HPV and HBV and made prospects for further research in HPV vaccine escape.
Minimally Invasive Approach to Access Vessels for Microvascular Anastomosis in Head and Neck Reconstruction
Authors: Vos Derek J. , Arianpour Khashayar , Fritz Michael A. , Hadford Stephen , Liu Sara W. , Prendes Brandon L. , Ciolek Peter J.
Published: November 2023

Objectives

To describe our technique, review indications, and evaluate the outcomes of the minimal access approach for recipient vessel identification in microvascular tissue transfer.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent microvascular reconstruction using the minimal access technique between 2015 and 2021.

Results

We report 236 cases, comprising 214 patients with a mean age of 60.2 years (3–88). The most common primary defect sites were the mandible (22.6%), cranium (14%), maxilla (13.2%), skull base (12.8%), and nose/nasal cavity (10.6%). Indications for free flap reconstruction included head and neck cancer extirpation (32.2%), osteoradionecrosis (29.7%), acquired deformity (14.0%), chronic wound (11.9%) and oral motor dysfunction (7.2%). Free flap donor sites used were the anterolateral thigh (84.3%), fibula (7.2%), and radial forearm (6.4%). Vessels utilized include superficial temporal (49.8%), facial (38.3%), angular (11.1%), and transverse cervical (0.4%). The overall complication rate was 14% (n = 33), with surgical complications at the recipient site accounting for 67.6% (n = 25). Flap failure occurred in 3.4% of procedures. Prior head and neck surgery and free flaps were associated with an increased risk of major recipient site complications (n = 20, p = 0.0257 and n = 14, p = 0.0117, respectively).

Conclusion

Minimal access techniques allow consistent recipient vessel identification for microvascular‐free tissue transfer. These approaches may be utilized in reconstructing a broad range of head and neck defects, are low morbidity, and contribute to an overall shorter length of stay.

Level of Evidence

2 Laryngoscope, 134:2177–2181, 2024