bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-efficiency base editing in the retina in primates and human tissues
Authors: Muller Alissa , Sullivan Jack , Schwarzer Wibke , Wang Mantian , Park-Windhol Cindy , Hasler Pascal W. , Janeschitz-Kriegl Lucas , Duman Mert , Klingler Beryll , Matsell Jane , Hostettler Simon Manuel , Galliker Patricia , Hou Yanyan , Balmer Pierre , Virág Tamás , Barrera Luis Alberto , Young Lauren , Xu Quan , Magda Dániel Péter , Kilin Ferenc , Khadka Arogya , Moreau Pierre-Henri , Fellmann Lyne , Azoulay Thierry , Quinodoz Mathieu , Karademir Duygu , Leppert Juna , Fratzl Alex , Kosche Georg , Sharma Ruchi , Montford Jair , Cattaneo Marco , Croyal Mikaël , Cronin Therese , Picelli Simone , Grison Alice , Cowan Cameron S. , Kusnyerik Ákos , Anders Philipp , Renner Magdalena , Nagy Zoltán Zsolt , Szabó Arnold , Bharti Kapil , Rivolta Carlo , Scholl Hendrik P. N. , Bryson David , Ciaramella Giuseppe , Roska Botond , György Bence
Published: January 2025

Stargardt disease is a currently untreatable, inherited neurodegenerative disease that leads to macular degeneration and blindness due to loss-of-function mutations in the ABCA4 gene. We have designed a dual adeno-associated viral vector encoding a split-intein adenine base editor to correct the most common mutation in ABCA4 (c.5882G>A, p.Gly1961Glu). We optimized ABCA4 base editing in human models, including retinal organoids, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, as well as adult human retinal explants and RPE/choroid explants in vitro. The resulting gene therapy vectors achieved high levels of gene correction in mutation-carrying mice and in female nonhuman primates, with average editing of 75% of cones and 87% of RPE cells in vivo, which has the potential to translate to a clinical benefit. No off-target editing was detectable in human retinal explants and RPE/choroid explants. The high editing rates in primates show promise for efficient gene editing in other ocular diseases that are targetable by base editing.
Uncertainty maps for model-based global climate classification systems
Authors: Navarro Andrés , Merino Andrés , García-Ortega Eduardo , Tapiador Francisco J.
Published: January 2025

Climate classification systems (CCSs) are emerging as essential tools in climate change science for mitigation and adaptation. However, their limitations are often misunderstood by non-specialists. This situation is especially acute when the CCSs are derived from Global Climate Model outputs (GCMs). We present a set of uncertainty maps of four widely used schemes -Whittaker-Ricklefs, Holdridge, Thornthwaite-Feddema and Köppen- for present (1980–2014) and future (2015–2100) climate based on 52 models from the Coupled Intercomparison Model Project Phase six (CMIP6). Together with the classification maps, the uncertainty maps provide essential guidance on where the models perform within limits, and where sources of error lie. We share a digital resource that can be readily and freely integrated into mitigation and adaptation studies and which is helpful for scientists and practitioners using climate classifications, minimizing the risk of pitfalls or unsubstantiated conclusions.
Predecting power transformer health index and life expectation based on digital twins and multitask LSTM-GRU model
Authors: El-Rashidy Nora , Sultan Yara A. , Ali Zainab H.
Published: January 2025

Power transformers play a crucial role in enabling the integration of renewable energy sources and improving the overall efficiency and reliability of smart grid systems. They facilitate the conversion, transmission, and distribution of power from various sources and help to balance the load between different parts of the grid. The Transformer Health Index (THI) is one of the most important indicators of ensuring their reliability and preventing unplanned outages. To this end, this study introduces a proposed new architecture called a Smart Electricity Monitoring System based on Fog Computing and Digital Twins (SEMS-FDT) for monitoring the health performance of transformers by measuring the THI rate in real time. The SEMS-FDT is specifically designed to enable the observation of the transformer’s health and performance purposes in real time. The study investigates the role of machine learning (ML) models, including traditional and ensemble methods, in predicting THI and LI (Heat Load Index) by exploring the use of the entire set of features and optimized feature subsets for prediction. To improve the forecasting prediction process and achieve optimal performance a novel multitasks LSTM_GRU model is also proposed. The experimental results demonstrate that there is a promising performance of 2.543, 0.13646, 0.0284, and 0.985 for MSE, MAE, MedAE, and R2 scores respectively. Moreover, the framework is extended by incorporating model explanations, which include global explanations, which provide insights based on the entire dataset, and local explanations, which offer instance-specific explanations. The integration of the proposed model and explainability features provides engineers with comprehensive outcomes regarding the model’s result.
Perceiving inter-leg speed differences while walking on a split-belt treadmill
Authors: Müller Carl , Kopiske Karl
Published: January 2025

Walking is one of the most common forms of self-motion in humans. Most humans can walk effortlessly over flat uniform terrain, but also a variety of more challenging surfaces, as they adjust their gait to the demands of the terrain. In this, they rely in part on the perception of their own gait and of when it needs to be adjusted. Here, we investigated how well N = 48 participants detected speed differences between two belts of a split-belt treadmill. As participants walked at a constant speed, we either accelerated or decelerated one of the belts at quasi-random intervals and asked participants to judge their relative speeds in a two-alternative forced-choice task. Using an adaptive psychophysical procedure, we obtained precise perception-threshold estimates for inter-leg speed differences after accelerating or decelerating one belt. We found that most participants could detect even very small speed differences, with mean threshold estimates of just over 7% for both perturbation types. These were relatively stable within, but highly variable across participants. Increased-speed and decreased-speed thresholds were highly correlated, indicating that despite different biomechanics, the detection mechanisms might be similar. This sheds light on how perceiving their own motion helps humans manage interlimb coordination in perturbed walking.
A rhodamine-conjugated fluorescent and colorimetric receptor for the detection of Cu2+ ions: environmental utility and smartphone integration
Authors: Kaviya Karuppaiyan , Rajamanikandan Ramar , Santhamoorthy Madhappan , Farah Mohammad Abul , Mani Kailasam Saravana
Published: January 2025

A new rhodamine-based turn-on fluorescent probe (RME) was synthesized through a simple condensation reaction. The designed sensor exhibits the potential for selective sensing of Cu2+ ions via “turn-on” colorimetric and fluorometric responses.
Zirconium vs. hafnium: a comparative study of mesoporous MOF stability
Authors: Zaremba Orysia , Dutta Subhajit , Requies Jesus , Andreo Jacopo , Wuttke Stefan
Published: January 2025

The thermal and chemical stability of mesoporous Zr and Hf MOFs (MIP-206, MOF-808, NU-1000) and microporous UiO-66 were investigated, with a focus on the effects of metal type, linker type, and topology on the framework stability.
Recent transformations of vinylidene cyclopropanes (VDCPs)
Authors: Jiang Sheng-Hao , Wei Yin , Shi Min
Published: January 2025

This review presents recent results on the chemical transformations of VDCPs induced by visible light irradiation, transition metal or non-metallic catalysis, and metallaphotoredox catalysis.
Gel polymer electrolytes based on sulfonamide functional polymer nanoparticles for sodium metal batteries
Authors: Stigliano Pierre L. , Gallastegui Antonela , Smith Thomas H. , O’Dell Luke , Mecerreyes David , Pozo-Gonzalo Cristina , Forsyth Maria
Published: January 2025

Understanding ion interactions in GPEs based on sodium functionalized polymer nanoparticles mixed with various plasticizers (organic solvents or ILs).
Active learning driven prioritisation of compounds from on-demand libraries targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease
Authors: Cree Ben , Bieniek Mateusz K. , Amin Siddique , Kawamura Akane , Cole Daniel J.
Published: January 2025

Software for building congeneric series of compounds in protein binding pockets is interfaced with active learning and searching of on-demand chemical libraries to automate the de novo design of compounds targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease.
Identification of novel triazolylquinoxaline-based metal complexes supported by experimental and virtual screenings
Authors: Holzhauer Laura , Shekhovtsev Vitalii , Bruschi Cecilia , Gunther Mathis , Fuhr Olaf , Hodapp Patrick , Bizzarri Claudia , Wenzel Wolfgang , Jung Nicole , Bräse Stefan
Published: January 2025

Workflow of a screening approach to identify novel ligand–metal complexes via a simple protocol consisting of small scale NMR-based analysis with further validation by batch scale reproduction and theoretical properties’ calculation.
Atmospheric pressure spatial atomic layer deposition of p-type CuO thin films from copper(ii) acetylacetonate and ozone for UV detection
Authors: Tran Vu Hung-Anh , Pham Duc-Trung , Tran Thi My Hang , Duong Duc Anh , Alshehri Abdullah H. , Tran Van Tan , Nguyen Thi Minh Hien , Pham-Cong De , Nguyen Viet Huong
Published: January 2025

Thin CuO films, deposited by atmospheric pressure SALD using Cu(ii) acetylacetonate and ozone, demonstrate their potential as p-type semiconducting oxides for use in UV photodiodes.
Bimetallic constrained aluminum alkoxide complexes for ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters: activity enhancement via cationic activation
Authors: Kanhanond Narongchai , Chumsaeng Phongnarin , Namuangruk Supawadee , Phomphrai Khamphee
Published: January 2025

Dinuclear aluminum complexes bearing a constrained ‘indanimine’ ligand based on a short hydrazine bridge were synthesized. Their catalytic activities in the ROP of lactones were significantly enhanced after activation by dimethylanilinium salt.
An MIL-53(FeNiCo) decorated BiVO4 photoanode for efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Si Leiting , Yang Jiawei , Liu Guang
Published: January 2025

The BiVO4/MIL-53(FeNiCo) photoanode exhibits excellent water oxidation ability under AM 1.5 G light irradiation, and achieves a photocurrent density of 3.53 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE, which is about 3.2 times that of pure BiVO4.
Zinc chemistry regulated by chitosan-based poly(aprotic/protic ionic liquid)s with multi-anion–cation interactions for highly reversible Zn-ion batteries
Authors: Xu Yongzhen , Chen Kui , Xu Mingwei , Li Yue , Wu Qing , Li Shizhao , Xie Chunhui , Li Yunqi , Xie Haibo , Huang Jun
Published: January 2025

The unique multi-anion–cation interaction mechanism is established in the well-designed CPAPILs-B additive through a mild protonation reaction for highly reversible Zn-ion batteries.
Sample-to-answer microfluidic device towards the point-of-need detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin genes in ruminant milk
Authors: Shalaby Maha , Busin Valentina , Yan Xiaoxiang , Cengiz Seyda , Adiguzel Mehmet Cemal , Cooper Jonathan M. , Forde Taya , Reboud Julien
Published: January 2025

We developed a sample-to-answer point-of-need molecular test for detecting bacteria toxin genes in milk, integrating a simple workflow that can be carried on the farm, demonstrating analytical performance in line with food safety recommendations.
Proton insertion chemistry in a phenazine-based cathode for aqueous Zn-organic batteries
Authors: Xiang Yutian , Li Xinran , Qiu Chaoyi , Yang Wenhui , Liu Lei , Yu Haoxiang , Zhang Liyuan , Yan Lei , Shu Jie
Published: January 2025

We assemble an aqueous Zn-organic battery, involving a DPPZ cathode, a Zn anode and a saturated ZnSO4 electrolyte. Particularly, high reaction kinetics of the DPPZ cathode contribute to the exceptional performance of Zn//DPPZ cells.
Breaking the energy chain: importance of ATP synthase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its potential as a drug target
Authors: Perveen Summaya , Pal Sunny , Sharma Rashmi
Published: January 2025

Inhibitors of mycobacterial ATP synthase, such as bedaquiline, TBAJ-587, TBAJ-876, squaramides, GaMF1, and DeMF1, break the energy metabolism and effectively inhibit Mtb, offering promising strategies against mycobacterial infections.
An unexpected Lewis acid-catalyzed cascade reaction of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes with triazinanes toward biscyclobutenyl amines
Authors: Chen Feng , Duan Yijun , Guo Ye , Liu Yuncheng , Lang Ming , Peng Jinbao , Peng Shiyong
Published: January 2025

An unexpected In(OTf)3-catalyzed cascade reaction of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes with triazinanes is reported, providing a series of structurally elegant butterfly-shaped biscyclobutenyl amines in good yields under mild conditions.
Highly porous activated carbon derived from the papaya plant (stems and leaves) for superior adsorption of alizarin red s and methylene blue dyes from wastewater
Authors: Moheb Mona , El-Wakil Ahmad M. , Awad Fathi S.
Published: January 2025

In this study, stems and leaves of the papaya plant were employed to prepare a high-quality porous adsorbent via carbonization and chemical activation using phosphoric acid.
Spin effects in regulating the adsorption characteristics of metal ions
Authors: Gao Cunyuan , Zhen Shiyu , Wang Yutong , Wang Lingwei , Cao Yang , Zhan Jinhua , Zhang Liang , Cai Bin
Published: January 2025

Spin-state modulation in ZnCo2O4 spinel oxides through calcination-induced lattice distortion enhances metal ion sensing performance, with a direct correlation between the Co3+ spin state and electrochemical behavior.
Organic photoredox-catalyzed unimolecular PCET of benzylic alcohols
Authors: Matsuo Tomotoki , Sano Masaki , Sumida Yuto , Ohmiya Hirohisa
Published: January 2025

Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) is a crucial chemical process involving the simultaneous or sequential transfer of protons and electrons, playing a vital role in biological processes and energy conversion technologies.
Li1.6AlCl3.4S0.6: a low-cost and high-performance solid electrolyte for solid-state batteries
Authors: Poudel Tej P. , Oyekunle Ifeoluwa P. , Deck Michael J. , Chen Yudan , Hou Dewen , Ojha Pawan K. , Ogbolu Bright O. , Huang Chen , Xiong Hui , Hu Yan-Yan
Published: January 2025

The Cl–S mixed-anion sublattice of Li1.6AlCl3.4S0.6 creates face- and edge-shared octahedra that connect to form 3D ion conduction pathways with low activation energy barriers.
Catalysis of a LiF-rich SEI by aromatic structure modified porous polyamine for stable all-solid-state lithium metal batteries
Authors: Dai Lijie , Cai Min , Zhou Xuanyi , Liang Weizhong , Zhao Zishao , Xia Zixiang , Huang Fenfen , Jiang Jie , Jiang Wenjuan , Zhang Biao , Ma Zengsheng
Published: January 2025

POP fillers containing aromatic groups with internal π–π effect can catalyze the decomposition of LiTFSI to form a stable LiF-rich SEI layer and inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites, which helps the stable cycle of PEO-based solid-state batteries.
Innocuous solvent-based, low-temperature curable, and highly transparent photosensitive polyimides developed using soluble polyimides containing bio-based magnolol moieties
Authors: Meng Huifa , Chen Kaijin , Li Chuying , Zhang Longfei , He Yanwei , Zhao Zining , Wu Peixin , Zhu Hai , Chi Zhenguo , Xu Jiarui , Liu Siwei , Zhang Yi
Published: January 2025

The low-temperature photopatterning of soluble polyimide was realized by the photoinitiated thiol–ene reaction, providing a promising strategy for the development of high-performance, green and energy-saving PSPI materials.
Cathode-supported solid polymer electrolyte with solvate ionic liquid and polysulfide modification for rechargeable lithium metal batteries
Authors: Yuan Yan , Kong Yaxin , Peng Xiuping , Zhang Lei , Li Zeyu , Lu Hai
Published: January 2025

A cathode-supported solid polymer electrolyte was fabricated for rechargeable lithium metal batteries, modified synergistically with a solvate ionic liquid (SIL) as a plasticizer and a soluble polysulfide (Li2S6) as a functional additive.
Rapid laser synthesis of medium-entropy alloy nanostructures for neutral seawater electrolysis
Authors: Tan Aik Jong , Xie Yunchao , Chen Zhenru , Lin Jian
Published: January 2025

We report the direct laser-induced synthesis of medium-entropy alloy FeNiCoRu nanoparticles for neutral seawater electrolysis with excellent long-duration.
Thermochemical and chemo-biological molecular recycling of plastic waste and plastic-biomass waste mixtures: an updated review
Authors: Mateos Paula S. , Sampaolesi Sofía , Toledo María Victoria , Briand Laura E.
Published: January 2025

Thermochemical and bioprocessing are feasible for recovering valuable building block molecules from plastic residues. Chemo-enzymatic treatment of waste plastic-biomass mixtures is an open challenge due to the diverse composition of the residues.
Alginate–oligothiophene aerogels as photocatalysts for the degradation of emerging organic contaminants in water
Authors: Trifoglio Andrea , Tunioli Francesca , Favaretto Laura , Zambianchi Massimo , Bettini Cristian , Manet Ilse , Mariani Livia , Barra Caracciolo Anna , Grenni Paola , Di Sante Manuele , Di Giosia Matteo , Marforio Tainah Dorina , Mattioli Edoardo Jun , Calvaresi Matteo , Melucci Manuela
Published: January 2025

Oligothiophenes bearing a benzothiophene (BT) core and S-oxide or S,S-dioxide moieties are herein proposed as photocatalysts for the degradation of three selected water emerging contaminants.
Mixed-phase enabled high-rate copper niobate anodes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Jager B. Maarten , Kortekaas Luuk , ten Elshof Johan E. , Bos Jan-Willem G. , Tromp Moniek , Huijben Mark
Published: January 2025

Mixed-phase copper niobate anodes for lithium-ion batteries consisting of various phases work synergistically to deliver high electrochemical capacities at exceptional cycling rates.
Quick drying process: a promising strategy for preparing an egg-shell-type Cu/γ-Al2O3 catalyst for direct N2O decomposition
Authors: Lee Eun-Han , Kwak In-Heon , Kim Hansung , Ryi Shin-Kun
Published: January 2025

This study aims to improve the drying rate by the quick drying (QD) method to prepare a thin egg-shell-type Cu/γ-Al2O3 catalyst for deN2O with high surface exposure of active metal.
In situ controllably self-assembled amorphous Co–TDPAT MOFs as superior cocatalysts of α-Fe2O3 nanosheet arrays for highly efficient and ultrastable photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution
Authors: Hu Weiguang , Xia Qinghua , Zhang Lian Ying , Lu Jianguo , He Qinggang , Yuan Weiyong
Published: January 2025

An α-Fe2O3 NSA in situ self-assembled with an ultrathin, conformal amorphous Co–TDPAT MOF shows record-high activity and stability toward PEC oxygen evolution.
Collagen as a bio-ink for 3D printing: a critical review
Authors: Debnath Souvik , Agrawal Akhilesh , Jain Nipun , Chatterjee Kaushik , Player Darren J.
Published: January 2025

The significance of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting in the domain of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering is readily apparent.
Multi‐level optimisation design of a yoke‐less axial‐field flux‐switching permanent magnet motor considering the fault‐tolerant capability
Authors: Rahmani‐Fard Javad , Mohammed Mohammed Jamal
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes a multi‐level optimisation design strategy aimed at enhancing the fault‐tolerant capability of a Yoke‐less Axial‐Field Flux‐Switching Permanent Magnet (YASA‐AFFSPM) motor. The research addresses the crucial requirement for robustness and reliability in electric motor systems utilised in safety‐critical applications. By employing a comprehensive multi‐objective optimisation approach, the motor's design is refined at three levels based on the main effect stratification of design variables for the YASA‐AFFSPM motor. The design variables are divided into three levels and optimised, resulting in the attainment of a comprehensive optimal solution that considers multiple design goals, including average torque, cogging torque, and fault‐tolerant capability. The optimal design places a primary emphasis on attaining a substantial level of fault tolerance for both open‐ and short‐circuit faults. This is accomplished by reducing the ratio of mutual‐inductance to self‐inductance. To streamline optimisation, the Kriging model approximates finite element analysis at each level. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the design is showcased through the utilisation of a dual‐channel winding configuration. A prototype is constructed, and experimental validation demonstrates a significant improvement in fault‐tolerance performance, with results indicating enhancements of 14% in average torque and 41% in cogging torque.
Influence and prediction mechanisms for discomfort and memory disturbance due to structure borne sound from a metro masked with fountain sound
Authors: Wang Qiaochu , Hongwei Wang , Cai Yangsheng , Zhang Yang , Yang Chenxi
Published: January 2025

Previous studies suggested that introducing fountain sound could mitigate the discomfort and memory disturbance caused by structure borne sound from a metro, and proposed the prediction models for the discomfort after mitigation. However, these studies failed to identify the primary, secondary and significant influencing factors on the discomfort after mitigation, which hindered the proposal of optimal masking strategy and undermined the scientific validity of models. Additionally, previous analyses overlooked the primary, secondary and significant influencing factors on the memory disturbance after mitigation and lacked prediction model for it. Therefore, this study explored these aspects further. Based on auditory experiments, using partial least squares model and prediction model, this study found that considering total impact degree, the discomfort was predominantly influenced by the subjective loudness. However, the sound levels were the most important factors in determining the memory disturbance. The signal-to-noise ratio significantly influenced the discomfort but had no significant impact on the memory disturbance. Moreover, the subjective loudness emerged as the most effective predictor of the discomfort. While predicting the memory disturbance predominantly depended on the sound levels, and among the prediction models based on the sound levels, the predictive effectiveness of the energy summation model was comparable to that of the independent effects model. Furthermore, as global equivalent A-weighted sound level increased, the mitigation effect on discomfort became more evident, but its effectiveness in mitigating the memory disturbance gradually decreased. These conclusions could provide optimal strategies for enhancing such masking effects, and more effective prediction tools for such effects.
Comparison of the effect of early versus late surgical strategies on
outcomes in patients with hand enchondromas complicated with pathological
fractures
Authors: Akgün Erkan , Çevik Hüseyin Bilgehan
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages
of early versus delayed single-stage surgery in patients with hand enchondromas
who developed pathological fractures, focusing on local tumor control and hand
function, to determine the optimal timing for surgery. Delayed surgical
curettage may offer advantages regarding both local tumor control and hand
function outcomes.

Thirty-five patients who developed pathological
fractures due to solitary hand enchondromas and underwent surgical treatment
between 2015 and 2021 were analysed. Patients were divided into two groups based
on the timing of surgery. Patients who underwent surgical treatment immediately
after a pathological fracture were assigned to the early-surgery group, and
those who underwent surgical treatment after waiting for fracture union were
assigned to the late-surgery group. Demographic data, lesion characteristics,
and fixation methods were analysed. Parameters affecting outcome measurements
were analysed, including visual pain scale, fracture healing time, recurrence,
ROM, time to return to daily activities, and secondary surgical procedures.

The study included 35 patients, of whom 24 were female, with a
median age of 33 years. Fifteen patients were included in the early-surgery
group and 20 in the late-surgery group, with a follow-up period of 36.3 and 38.9
months, respectively. The duration of surgery, time to fracture union, and total
physical therapy duration during treatment were lower in the late-surgery group
(p<0.05). At the final follow-up, the mean loss of ROM was 17.6˚ in the
early-surgery group and 3.3˚ in the late-surgery group (p=0.00). The rate of
secondary surgery was higher in the early-surgery group (p=0.040).

In patients with hand enchondromas presenting with
pathological fractures, early surgery resulted in higher complication rates,
poorer functional outcomes, and an increased need for secondary surgeries.
Comparison of Long-Term Performance of Porcine versus Pericardial Bioprostheses
Authors: Anselmi Amedeo , Daniel Morgan , Aymami Marie , Chabanne Celine , Rosier Sebastien , Mancini Julien , Verhoye Jean Philippe
Published: January 2025

Background The long-term comparative results between porcine and pericardial bioprostheses for surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) are debated. Scarce information exists concerning direct comparative evaluation among contemporary devices. We compared late and very late results in a single center series (n = 3,983 cases).

Methods From a prospectively collected database we included 3,983 recipients of two current porcine bioprostheses (porcine group) or one current pericardial bioprosthesis (pericardial group). We evaluated the long-term freedom from structural valve deterioration (SVD) with both Kaplan–Meier and competing risk methods (primary endpoint). We distinguished between SVD and patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM). Secondary endpoints were late survival, freedom from valve-related mortality, freedom from reoperation for SVD, freedom from nonstructural valve dysfunction (NSVD) and freedom from endocarditis.

Results Median follow-up was 10.4 years (99.7% complete, 32,219 patients/years). Overall survival was significantly lower in the porcine group (p = 0.002), related to baseline intergroup differences. At 10 years, Kaplan–Meier freedom from SVD was significantly better in the porcine group (98.0% ± 0.3 vs. 96.3% ± 0.8; p = 0.003). Competing risk freedom from SVD at 10 years was 98.6% ± 0.2 and 97.2% ± 0.6 (porcine and pericardial group, respectively; p = 0.001). The porcine group displayed a higher rate of PPM.

Conclusion Despite the augmented risk of PPM compared with pericardial valves, in this series porcine bioprostheses seem to perform better concerning protection from late (>10 years) SVD. Smaller valve sizes (19–21 mm) may negatively impact the SVD risk among porcine valves but not among pericardial valves. These elements need to be considered for valve choice and surgical strategy in SAVR candidates according to their life expectancy, clinical context, and annulus size.
Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl-Substituted Cyclopentanes through Boron-Radical-Catalyzed Cycloaddition Reaction of Trifluoromethyl-Substituted Alkenes
Authors: Li Pengfei , Qin Lulu , Yu Tao , Ding Zhengwei , Zhao Min
Published: January 2025

A highly efficient protocol for the synthesis of trifluoromethyl-substituted cyclopentanes, a structural motif ubiquitous in bioactive compounds and natural products, via boron-radical-catalyzed (3+2) cycloaddition of aroylcyclopropanes and trifluoromethyl-substituted alkenes was developed. Employing readily available precursors, this modular, atom-economical, metal-free, and operationally simple process was compatible with diverse functional groups, giving the products in generally good to high yields. Trifluoromethyl-substituted bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (BCHs) were analogously prepared.
Superconducting thin-film bridge contacts with periodically modulated thickness
Authors: Lykov A. N. , Mukhachev V. B. , Krivospitskii A. D.
Published: January 2025

The properties of bridge contacts with periodically modulated thickness prepared from tin films by electron–beam lithography followed by plasma–chemical etching are studied experimentally. It is found that the motion of quantum vortices in such contacts becomes coherent in an external electromagnetic field.
Peculiarities of ultrasonic propagation in quasi-one-dimensional Peierls dielectrics
Authors: Rozhavskii A. S. , Nedzvetskii A. V. , Kulik I. O.
Published: January 2025

The theory is constructed for the propagation of longitudinal ultrasound in a quasi-one-dimensional Peierls dielectric (of the type TaS3) containing a charge density wave (CDW). It is shown that if kinks are excited in a CDW by an electric field, they would induce kink-like nonlinear excitations in the acoustic subsystem as a result of deformation interaction. The bound states of CDW and sound propagate at velocities differing from the velocity of sound. These nonlinear excitations can be observed in the scattering of small-amplitude ultrasound. The scattering of linear ultrasound by kinks produces a giant amplitude enhancement in the transmitted wave and the reflected wave also has a similarly large amplitude.
Elastic mechanism of low-temperature stabilization of multidomain state in quasi-one-dimensional systems
Authors: Kholopov E. V.
Published: January 2025

A new mechanism of stabilization of the intermediate state with many domains along chains is proposed for quasi-one-dimensional materials with doubled period along the chains. The most important effect here is the condensation of domain walls due to their indirect interaction through the elastic surrounding medium.
Magnetohydrodynamic effects in metal crystals in a strong magnetic field
Authors: Kosevich Yu. A.
Published: January 2025

The low-frequency oscillation spectra of uncompensated metal crystals are found to be modified considerably in a strong magnetic field H02/4π>c44. In particular, under these conditions the resonance at the ion cyclotron frequency is observed in metals as well as cold magnetoactive plasma. The possibility of experimental observation of these effects in alkali metal crystals is considered.
Superconductivity of Ba2(Y1−x Zrx)Cu3O7−y
Authors: Batrak A. G. , Ben’ko V. Yu. , Nechiporenko I. N. , Fedorchenko L. I.
Published: January 2025

It is shown that superconducting transition takes place in the compound Ba2(Y1−xZrx)Cu3O7−y at temperatures above 90 K over a wide range of concentrations x. The highest transition temperature is observed for x = 0.1−0.25.
Theory of high-frequency properties of quasi-one-dimensional conductors
Authors: Artemenko S. N.
Published: January 2025

A linear response of a quasi-one-dimensional Peierls conductor to a high-frequency electric field directed at an arbitrary angle to conducting chains is determined in the low-temperature limit. In the case of transverse polarization, the absorption caused by transitions through the Peierls gap, as well as plasma effects, can be observed only if the wave vector of Peierls distortion is not parallel to the chains. The strongly anisotropic spectrum of plasma oscillations is obtained.
Phase transitions in antiferromagnet MnSiF6·6H2O with strong single-ion anisotropy
Authors: D’yakonov V. P. , Zubov É. E. , Fita I. M.
Published: January 2025

The magnetic susceptibility of a metamagnet MnSiF6·6H2O with single-ion anisotropy is measured in a 3He−4He dilution refrigerator (in the temperature range from 4.2 to 0.05 K). The magnetic characteristics are analyzed in the molecular field approximation. The parameters of intra- and intersublattice exchange interaction as well as the Néel temperature are calculated.
Wave front inversion in superfluid 3He−4He solutions
Authors: Pushkina N. I.
Published: January 2025

The Hamiltonian formalism is used to calculate the amplitude of nonlinear Raman scattering of first sound by second in superfluid solutions. The obtained expression is used for solving the wave front inversion problems associated with the nonlinearity of this scattering. Numerical estimates are given.
Polaron effects and quantum interference in resonance tunneling of electrons
Authors: Glazman L. I. , Shekhter R. I.
Published: January 2025

The problem of resonance tunneling of an electron through a double-barrier system is solved for an arbitrary value of interaction between the electron and the lattice in the interbarrier region. It is shown that the tunneling of an electron wave across the “cavity” formed by the barriers is accompanied by a dynamic evolution of hybridized electron-phonon states of polaron type. The calculated data can be applied to interpret the experimental results on low-temperature resonance tunneling.
Thermal expansion of superconducting ceramics La1.8Sr0.2CuO4 and YBa2Cu3O7–δ in the temperature range 5−300 K
Authors: Obolenskii M. A. , Popov V. P. , Chashka Kh. B. , Starodub V. A.
Published: January 2025

The thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of high-temperature superconducting ceramics La1.8Sr0.2CuO4 and YBa2Cu3O7–δ is measured accurately in the temperature range 5−300 K. Singularities are observed in the temperature dependence of the TEC of both ceramics. An analysis of the obtained results and their comparison with the available data in literature on the temperature dependences of lattice parameters, velocity of sound, and acoustic absorption lead to the conclusion that a second-order phase transition precedes the superconducting transition in these ceramics.
Critical current of ceramic oxides YBa2Cu3Ox in weak magnetic fields
Authors: Kokhanchik L. S. , Marchenko V. A. , Nikiforova T. V. , Nikulov A. V.
Published: January 2025

A dependence of critical current in ceramic samples YBa2Cu3Ox on the past magnetic history is discovered. This phenomenon is explained by using the critical state model, taking into account the microstructure of the samples. The values of the lower critical field and of the critical current density of grains are estimated.
Quantum features of the behavior of a magnetic chain with a Dzyaloshinskii-type interaction
Authors: Zvyagin A. A.
Published: January 2025

Corrections to the ground-state energy of a spin chain with a Dzyaloshinskii-type interaction due to weak biaxial magnetic anisotropy are determined. It is shown that in this case spin complexes of the unperturbed system make a considerable contribution to the ground-state energy. The quantum treatment of the behavior of the spin chain is compared with a classical treatment for s → ∞ (s is the spin of a site).
Magnetic field penetration into structures with the quantum Hall effect and Hall insulators
Authors: Lomtev A. I.
Published: January 2025

The nature of penetration of low-frequency or microwave magnetic fields into semiconductor superlattices (SL) drastically changes (in respect of the quantizing magnetic field, temperature and frequency) upon a transition to the quantum Hall effect (QHE).1,2 A similar effect is observed in three-dimensional Hall insulators (HI) upon a transition from a metal to a Hall medium.
Drift resonance in quantum AC Hall effect in heterostructures GaAs–Ga1–xAIx As
Authors: Brandt N. B. , Kulbachinskii V. A. , Lozovik Yu. E. , Medvedev B. K. , Mokerov V. G. , Rodichev D. Yu. , Khabarov Yu. V. , Chudinov S. M.
Published: January 2025

Investigations of the frequency response of Hall conductivity of heterostructures GaAs–Ga1–xAlx As at frequencies up to 1 GHz reveal a consistent variation in the shape of the Hall plateau associated with a resonant increase in the drift velocity of electron and hole orbits along closed equipotential trajectories in a magnetic field.
Influence of twinning plane on the nucleation field of surface superconductivity
Authors: Kuptsov D. A. , Polonskii S. V.
Published: January 2025

It is shown that the existence of a twinning plane in the vicinity of a superconductor surface causes an increase in the surface superconductivity nucleation field from its usual value Hc3 = 1.695 Hc2. Phase diagrams in (H, T) variables are obtained for different relative positions of the twinning plane and the superconductor surface. The obtained results point towards phenomena typical of the mechanism of surface conductivity enhancement under consideration.
Quantum nonlinear galvanomagnetic effects in metal plates upon multichannel specular reflection of electrons
Authors: Slutskin A. A. , Gorelik L. Yu. , Manzhelii E. V.
Published: January 2025

Quantum-interference galvoanomagnetic effects in a metal plate, which appear upon a multichannel specular reflection (MSR) of electrons from its boundary, are studied. In this limiting quantum-mechanical case, it is shown that MSR electron transitions between closed and open orbits in a magnetic field parallel to the plate boundaries lead to considerable deviations from Ohm’s law for very small electric field strengths (in particular, it is manifested in a declining segment in the IV-characteristic for the plate). A special formalism is proposed for studying quantum-nonlinear conditions, in which semiclassical phases of the electron wave function play the role of effective independent variables. Giant oscillations of conductivity in a magnetic field, which are a quantum-mechanical analog of Pippard’s classical “magnetomorphous” oscillations, are also investigated.
Electric field dependence of superconducting transition temperature of superconductor–semiconductor sandwich systems
Authors: Genkin V. M. , Sharov S. V.
Published: January 2025

It is shown that the superconducting transition temperature of a superconductor–semiconductor sandwich system oscillates with a period 105−106 V/cm in a constant electric field. The amplitude of the oscillations can be 1−2 K.
Pseudoelasticity and aftereffect kinetics of solid parahydrogen at 1.8 K
Authors: Alekseeva L. A. , Natsik V. D. , Khalin B. A. , Pustovalova A. V.
Published: January 2025

Strain curves are obtained for high-purity single crystals of parahydrogen at T = 1.8 K under axial elongation resulting from a stepwise loading followed by a stepwise unloading. Samples were grown after diffusive passage of hydrogen through nickel, and the impurity concentration did not exceed 0.001%. A large (∼10%) reversible strain of hysteresis type (pseudoelasticity) was observed and found to be of the same type as under compression (A. N. Aleksandrovskii, E. A. Kir’yanova, V. G. Manzhelii, et al., Fiz. Nizk. Temp. 13, 1095 (1987) [Sov. J. Low Temp. Phys. 13, 623 (October 1987)]). The kinetics of deformation of the opposite sign obtained during the unloading process is studied and a logarithmic time dependence of this process as well as its stepwise occurrence are established. Possible mechanisms of pseudoelasticity of pure parahydrogen are discussed.
Spatially inhomogeneous discrete states of a superconductor upon injection of nonequilibrium quasiparticles from a point contact with a normal metal
Authors: Yanson I. K. , Rybal’chenko I. F. , Fisun V. V. , Bobrov N. I. , Obolenskii M. A. , Kosmyna M. B. , Seminozhenko V. P.
Published: January 2025

The current–voltage characteristics (IVC) of S–c−N point contacts of superconductors with a small coherence length ξ0 reveal steps with discrete values of the differential resistance. This peculiarity is associated with a transition of the contact region of the superconductor to a spatially inhomogeneous state under the influence of the current injection of nonequilibrium quasiparticles penetrating the superconductor to a depth lE. The role of the relaxation of the disbalance between the occupancies of electron- and hole-like branches of the quasiparticle spectrum is manifested in the displacement of the position of the singularities on the IVC towards higher energies upon an increase in the magnetic field and/or temperature. This effect was observed in superconductors with different ratios of the contact diameter d and ξ0 or lE in the series Ta (d ≪ ξ0, lc) ⟶ NbSe2, Nb3Sn (d ≳ ξ0, lE) → YBa1.25Sr0.75Cu3O7–δ (d ≫ ξ0, lE). Apparently, a jumplike displacement of the boundary between regions with suppressed and equilibrium values of the energy gap near the contact is responsible for the oscillations observed on the IVC of point contacts between single crystals of high-temperature superconductors (HTS) and a normal metal. The resistance-periodic step-like structure of the IVC allows us to estimate the penetration depth lE of the electric field in NbSe2 and YBaSrCuO.
Nonlinear electric conductivity of point contacts in the multiphonon generation regime
Authors: Itskovich I. F. , Shekhter R. I. , Kulik I. O.
Published: January 2025

The electron-phonon relaxation of the transport current in point contacts of conductors with a large value of the parameter eV/εF is studied theoretically (here, eV is the bias voltage at the contact, and εf is the Fermi energy of the current carriers). It is shown that under the condition d, li, ≪ ε = (lilε)1/2, where d is the contact size and li, lε are the mean free paths for the elastic and inelastic scattering of electrons respectively, the poin-tcontact (PC) spectrum of the electron–phonon interaction is determined by the inelastic relaxation of electrons at distances r ∼ λε from the point contact. The resulting successive emission of several phonons is responsible for the experimentally observed repetition of the PC spectrum singularities at multiple frequencies and combination phonon frequencies (multiphonon PC spectrum). The amplitudes of the singularities slowly decrease with the multiplicity number and increase with the contamination of the conductor. Peculiarities of the multiphonon generation in point contacts with a weak screening of the electric field are also considered.
Theory of magnetic surface levels in metals with an arbitrary surface potential
Authors: Nedorezov S. S.
Published: January 2025

The expressions for magnetic surface levels of conduction electrons in metals with an arbitrary surface potential are obtained. The energy levels are expressed in terms of the phase shift of the electron wave function upon a reflection at the metal boundary. It is shown that the phase shift can be investigated by analyzing the experimental data on surface impedance oscillations in a magnetic field.
Collective effects in antiferromagnetic resonance in two-dimensional antiferromagnets
Authors: Stepanov A. A. , Pashchenko V. A. , Kobets M. I.
Published: January 2025

Angular dependence of AFMR spectrum is measured for a two-dimensional AFM (C2H5NH3)2MnCl4 at helium temperature. It is shown that the response to an external microwave field is of three- as well as two-dimensional nature.
Manifestation of the superstoichiometric oxygen charge state in Mössbauer spectra of lanthanum–strontium ceramics
Authors: Sukharevskii B. Ya. , Vilkova I. V. , Varyukhin V. N. , Ivchenko L. A. , Ksenofontov V. G. , Ruban I. V. , Strongin S. B.
Published: January 2025

Mössbauer effect and ultrasonic investigation of lanthanum–strontium ceramics provide indirect data pointing towards the “neutrality” of oxygen before a transition to the superconducting state.
Nonmonotonic textures of 3He-B in strong magnetic fields
Authors: Gongadze A. D. , Kiviladze V. N. , Mikeladze S. V.
Published: January 2025

The influence of superfluid currents on the 3He-B texture in the presence of strong magnetic fields is investigated for the case of plane-parallel geometry and in a rotating cylinder. It is shown that when the magnetic field is not perpendicular to vS, the spacial dependence of the angle between the directrix n and the magnetic field becomes nonmonotonic after the attainment of a certain critical velocity. This nonmonotonicity causes an additional splitting of the central spectral line of the real squashing mode.
Experimental investigation of “high-temperature” oscillations of thermo-emf in Bi and analysis of their frequency spectrum
Authors: Bogod Yu. A. , Krasovitskii Vit. B. , Levantovskii V. Ya. , Lemeshevskaya E. T.
Published: January 2025

“High-temperature” oscillations (HTO) of thermoelectric coefficients in Bi are measured for transverse magnetic field directions in the trigonal-binary plane, and the frequency spectrum of the oscillations is analyzed. The electron and hole periods corresponding to charge carriers with similar cyclotron masses are separated for the first time. It is found that a considerable contribution to HTO comes from harmonics and combination frequencies. The fundamental frequency is detected and is found to correspond to the distance between the valence band extrema near the points L and T of the Brillouin zone. It is assumed that the predominant observation of hole extrema is associated with energy level broadening.
A lifting-wavelet-based iterative thresholding correction for atomic force microscopy images with vertical distortion
Authors: Bai Yifan , Wu Yinan , Fang Yongchun
Published: January 2025

To eliminate distortion caused by vertical drift and illusory slopes in atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging, a lifting-wavelet-based iterative thresholding correction method is proposed in this paper. This method achieves high-quality AFM imaging via line-by-line corrections for each distorted profile along the fast axis. The key to this line-by-line correction is to accurately simulate the profile distortion of each scanning row. Therefore, a data preprocessing approach is first developed to roughly filter out most of the height data that impairs the accuracy of distortion modeling. This process is implemented through an internal double-screening mechanism. A line-fitting method is adopted to preliminarily screen out the obvious specimens. Lifting wavelet analysis is then carried out to identify the base parts that are mistakenly filtered out as specimens so as to preserve most of the base profiles and provide a good basis for further distortion modeling. Next, an iterative thresholding algorithm is developed to precisely simulate the profile distortion. By utilizing the roughly screened base profile, the optimal threshold, which is used to screen out the pure bases suitable for distortion modeling, is determined through iteration with a specified error rule. On this basis, the profile distortion is accurately modeled through line fitting on the finely screened base data, and the correction is implemented by subtracting the modeling result from the distorted profile. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through experiments and applications.
Three-dimensional characterization of nanoporous membranes by capillary filling using high speed interferometry
Authors: Sallese M. , Budini N. , Psota P. , Urteaga R.
Published: January 2025

A high-speed interferometric system was developed to analyze nanostructured porous silicon (PS) membranes by measuring reflectance variations during capillary filling from both sides. A high-speed camera was employed to capture the reflectance evolution of the entire sample area with the necessary temporal resolution, providing quantitative information on filling dynamics. By integrating these data with a simple fluid dynamic model, it is possible to examine the internal structure of the membranes and determine the effective pore radii profiles along their thickness. The system is capable of accurately measuring radii within the range of 10–20 nm, with a spatial resolution of ∼20 μm and an in-depth resolution of ≈1μm. This three-dimensional characterization provides valuable insights into the complex morphology of PS membranes and can be applied to other nanostructured porous materials.