bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An amniote life‐history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles
Authors: Myhrvold Nathan P. , Baldridge Elita , Chan Benjamin , Sivam Dhileep , Freeman Daniel L. , Ernest S. K. Morgan
Published: November 2015

Studying life‐history traits within and across taxonomic classifications has revealed many interesting and important patterns, but this approach to life history requires access to large compilations of data containing many different life‐history parameters. Currently, life‐history data for amniotes (birds, mammals, and reptiles) are split among a variety of publicly available databases, data tables embedded in individual papers and books, and species‐specific studies by experts. Using data from this wide range of sources is a challenge for conducting macroecological studies because of a lack of standardization in taxonomic classifications, parameter values, and even in which parameters are reported. In order to facilitate comparative analyses between amniote life‐history data, we created a database compiled from peer‐reviewed studies on individual species, macroecological studies of multiple species, existing life‐history databases, and other aggregated sources as well as published books and other compilations. First, we extracted and aggregated the raw data from the aforementioned sources. Next, we resolved spelling errors and other formatting inconsistencies in species names through a number of computational and manual methods. Once this was completed, subspecies‐level data and species‐level data were shared via a data‐sharing algorithm to accommodate the variety of species transformations (taxonomic promotions, demotions, merges, divergences, etc.) that have occurred over time. Finally, in species where multiple raw data points were identified for a given parameter, we report the median value. Here, we report a normalized and consolidated database of up to 29 life‐history parameters, containing at least one life‐history parameter for 21 322 species of birds, mammals, and reptiles.
Sparse Representation Based Dielectric Loss Angle Measurement
Authors: Ji Zhang , Zheng Jianfeng
Published: November 2015

Precise measurement of dielectric loss angle is very important for electric capacity equipment in recent power
systems. When signal-to-noise is low and fundamental frequency is fluctuating, aiming at the measuring error of dielectric
loss angle based on some recent Fourier transform and wavelet transform harmonics analysis method, we propose a novel
algorithm based on sparse representation, and improved it to be more flexible for signal sampling. Comparison
experiments describe the advantages of our method.
Study on Dual-Rotor Permanent Magnet Induction Motor and Performance
Authors: Diao Tongshan
Published: November 2015

In this paper, dual-rotor permanent magnet induction motor(DRPMIM) is studied to improve performance of
usual induction motor(IM). Two-dimensional finite element model for DRPMIM is established by Maxwell Ansoft
software, and electromagnetic characters of that was analyzed.Based on the rotating coordinate system, the mathematical
model concerning DRPMIM, performance curves under the different load are obtained. The final simulation analysis
results are in good agreement with the theoretical predicting results, which can be used to afford a theoretical basis to
design the DRPMIM in the future. Compared with the conventional asynchronous motor, the DRPMIM can effectively
improve power factor and efficiency.
Optimization of Power Plant Generating Capacity Scheduling Based On Markov Model
Authors: Liu Peng-Fei , Shen Qun-tai , Chen Qiu-feng
Published: November 2015

In this paper, we introduced the basic principles of energy saving generation dispatching, generated sorting table
and implementation processes, implemented energy-saving generation dispatching optimal electric power industry
structure and layout. From the terms of the pilot provinces, energy-saving generation dispatching pilots achieved remarkable
results. The article proposed full process energy power scheduling of new concept which covered annual, monthly,
recently and real-time full process of energy power scheduling. We established monthly plans range within optimization
boot way and improved boot unit load rate through reasonable arrangements, and then designed annual, monthly, recently
and real-time energy power scheduling plans. The article also researched coordination and convergence of power plans.
A New Quality Control Technology Based on Relay Chain Theory
Authors: Wang Bo , Li Zhi-yong , Zhou Hou-gui , Nie Xiang-tian
Published: November 2015

Activity handover within engineering construction projects is time consuming, takes longer than the actual activities,
and therefore, can cause duration delays. This paper presents relay chain seamless handover (RCSH) technology,
which is based on relay technology theory and actor-network theory. This study systematically elaborated the RCSH processes,
activity relay flows, and methods to address balancing speed under varying conditions. Our analysis results indicate
that as compared to traditional activity handover, RCSH improves handover quality and guarantees the duration.
RCSH technology was successfully applied in the third phase of the Three Gorges Dam Project, specifically for its concrete
construction duration and quality control. Through the use of RCSH, effective overall planning, and efficient coordination
of various production links, along with seamless activity handover in the third phase of the project were accomplished—
with no additional time consumed by the handover process—and the construction of a concrete dam without a
crack was achieved.
Impact of Magnesium L-Lactate on Occurrence of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Baker William L , Kluger Jeffrey , Coleman Craig I , White C Michael
Published: November 2015

Background:

We evaluated the antiarrhythmic efficacy and quality of life (QoL) impact of oral magnesium Llactate on patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD).

Methods:

This prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial randomized 70 patients with an ICD to receive oral magnesium L-lactate 3 tablets twice daily (504mg elemental magnesium daily) or matching placebo for 12 months. Patients were seen at baseline, 12, 24, 36, and 52 weeks. The primary endpoints were the cumulative occurrence of ICD therapy [either shock or anti-tachycardia pacing (ATP)] or QoL between the groups.

Results:

Among the 70 randomized patients with a mean ± SD follow-up of 6.4 ± 4.1 months, 10 patients in the placebo group and 8 in the magnesium group experienced either ICD shock or ATP [HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.33 to 2.12; p=0.706]. Without significant arrhythmia suppression, only minimal effects on QoL were seen. Eighty six percent of all patients had serum intracellular magnesium deficiency.

Conclusion:

In our underpowered trial, patients with ICDs had intracellular magnesium deficiency but oral magnesium Llactate only nonsignificantly reduced the occurrence of ICD therapies and had little impact on HrQoL.
Study on Prediction Model of Karstic Large Spring Water Level Dynamic
Coupling Multiple Factors in Jinan
Authors: Liting Xing , Juan Zhou , Fengjuan Zhang , Song Wang , Tongwen Dou , Huibo Zhuang , Zengyuan Yang
Published: November 2015

In karst regions, due to the heterogeneous features of karst medium, the characteristics of the groundwater flow
turn to be of high complexity. Researchers have been seeking proper forecasting methods for karst water dynamic for
many years. This paper, taking the spring in Jinan as an example, using regression analysis, analyzed the factors
influencing spring water dynamic, and quantitatively evaluated the influencing coefficients of spring water level
concerning rainfall, exploitation and recharge as well as the natural decay coefficient of spring water in dry seasons. The
prediction model coupling multiple factors was built by investigating natural and anthropogenic factors influencing
groundwater level, which could be used for forecasting dynamic of spring water in Jinan. The calculated value of model
was highly coincided with the observed value. In consideration of the characteristics of uneven precipitation in Jinan, the
suitable zones and volume of artificial recharge were investigated finally, which could help to sustain the spewing of Jinan
springs significantly.
Recoiling black holes in static and evolving dark matter halo potential
Authors: Smole M.
Published: November 2015

We follow trajectories of kicked black holes in static and evolving dark
matter halo potential. We explore both NFW and Einasto dark matter density
distributions. Considered dark matter halos represent hosts of massive spiral
and elliptical field galaxies. We study critical amplitude of kick velocity
necessary for complete black hole ejection at various redshifts and find that
~40% lower kick velocities can remove black holes from their host haloes at z
= 7 compared to z = 1. The greatest difference between static and evolving
potential occurs near the critical velocity for black hole ejection and at
high redshifts. When NFW and Einasto density distributions are compared ~30%
higher kick velocities are needed for complete removal of BHs from dark
matter halo described by NFW profile.
On the integrated continuum radio spectrum of supernova remnant W44 (G34.7-0.4): New insights from Planck
Authors: Onic D.
Published: November 2015

In this paper, the integrated continuum radio spectrum of supernova remnant
(SNR) W44 was analyzed up to 70 GHz, testing the different emission models
that can be responsible for its particular shape. The observations by the
Planck space telescope made it possible to analyze the high frequency part of
radio emission from SNRs. Although the quality of radio continuum spectrum (a
high scatter of data points at same frequencies) prevents us to make definite
conclusions, the possibility of spinning dust emission detection towards this
remnant is emphasized. In addition, a concave-down feature, due to
synchrotron losses, can not be definitely dismissed by the present knowledge
of the integrated radio continuum spectrum of this SNR.
Contribution of solar hydrogen Lyα line emission in total ionization rate in ionospheric D-region during the maximum of solar X-flare
Authors: Nina A. , Cadez V.M. , Bajcetic J.
Published: November 2015

The solar Ly? line emission can be considered as the dominant source of
ionization processes in the ionospheric D-region at altitudes above 70 km
during unperturbed conditions. However, large sudden impacts of radiation in
some other energy domains can also significantly influence the ionization
rate and, in this paper, we present a study on the contribution of Ly?
radiation to the ionization rate when the ionosphere is disturbed by solar
X-flares. We give relevant analytical expressions and make calculations and
numerical simulations for the low ionosphere using data collected by the VLF
receiver located in Serbia for the VLF radio signal emitted by the DHO
transmitter in Germany.
A simplified approach to kinematics of stars in solar neighbourhood
Authors: Stojanovic M.
Published: November 2015

For a number of stars from the Solar neighbourhood the eccentricities of
their galactocentric orbits are calculated by using a simplified procedure
given by Ninkovic (2011). Eccentricities are calculated from the
three-dimensional orbits around the centre of the Milky Way for the same
sample of stars, by applying a model with the analytically given
gravitational potential as well. The orbital eccentricities (radial span of
each star) obtained in these two manners show a satisfactory agreement. It
can be concluded that for typical thin-disk stars the use of such a
simplified procedure, which requires much less computing time per star, in
determining their motion around the Galactic centre is justified.
Antiaging Glycopeptide Protects Human Islets Against Tacrolimus-Related Injury and Facilitates Engraftment in Mice
Authors: Gala-Lopez Boris L. , Pepper Andrew R. , Pawlick Rena L. , O’Gorman Doug , Kin Tatsuya , Bruni Antonio , Abualhassan Nasser , Bral Mariusz , Bautista Austin , Manning Fox Jocelyn E. , Young Lachlan G. , MacDonald Patrick E. , Shapiro A.M. James
Published: November 2015

Clinical islet transplantation has become an established treatment modality for selected patients with type 1 diabetes. However, a large proportion of transplanted islets is lost through multiple factors, including immunosuppressant-related toxicity, often requiring more than one donor to achieve insulin independence. On the basis of the cytoprotective capabilities of antifreeze proteins (AFPs), we hypothesized that supplementation of islets with synthetic AFP analog antiaging glycopeptide (AAGP) would enhance posttransplant engraftment and function and protect against tacrolimus (Tac) toxicity. In vitro and in vivo islet Tac exposure elicited significant but reversible reduction in insulin secretion in both mouse and human islets. Supplementation with AAGP resulted in improvement of islet survival (Tac+ vs. Tac+AAGP, 31.5% vs. 67.6%, P < 0.01) coupled with better insulin secretion (area under the curve: Tac+ vs. Tac+AAGP, 7.3 vs. 129.2 mmol/L/60 min, P < 0.001). The addition of AAGP reduced oxidative stress, enhanced insulin exocytosis, improved apoptosis, and improved engraftment in mice by decreasing expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, keratinocyte chemokine, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Finally, transplant efficacy was superior in the Tac+AAGP group and was similar to islets not exposed to Tac, despite receiving continuous treatment for a limited time. Thus, supplementation with AAGP during culture improves islet potency and attenuates long-term Tac-induced graft dysfunction.
Insulitis and β-Cell Mass in the Natural History of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Campbell-Thompson Martha , Fu Ann , Kaddis John S. , Wasserfall Clive , Schatz Desmond A. , Pugliese Alberto , Atkinson Mark A.
Published: November 2015

Descriptions of insulitis in human islets throughout the natural history of type 1 diabetes are limited. We determined insulitis frequency (the percent of islets displaying insulitis to total islets), infiltrating leukocyte subtypes, and β-cell and α-cell mass in pancreata recovered from organ donors with type 1 diabetes (n = 80), as well as from donors without diabetes, both with islet autoantibodies (AAb+, n = 18) and without islet autoantibodies (AAb−, n = 61). Insulitis was observed in four of four donors (100%) with type 1 diabetes duration of ≤1 year and two AAb+ donors (2 of 18 donors, 11%). Insulitis frequency showed a significant but limited inverse correlation with diabetes duration (r = −0.58, P = 0.01) but not with age at disease onset. Residual β-cells were observed in all type 1 diabetes donors with insulitis, while β-cell area and mass were significantly higher in type 1 diabetes donors with insulitis compared with those without insulitis. Insulitis affected 33% of insulin+ islets compared with 2% of insulin− islets in donors with type 1 diabetes. A significant correlation was observed between insulitis frequency and CD45+, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD20+ cell numbers within the insulitis (r = 0.53–0.73, P = 0.004–0.04), but not CD68+ or CD11c+ cells. The presence of β-cells as well as insulitis several years after diagnosis in children and young adults suggests that the chronicity of islet autoimmunity extends well into the postdiagnosis period. This information should aid considerations of therapeutic strategies seeking type 1 diabetes prevention and reversal.
Metabolism Regulates Exposure of Pancreatic Islets to Circulating Molecules In Vivo
Authors: Michau Aurélien , Hodson David J. , Fontanaud Pierre , Guillou Anne , Espinosa-Carrasco Gabriel , Molino François , Peters Catherine J. , Robinson Iain C. , Le Tissier Paul , Mollard Patrice , Schaeffer Marie
Published: November 2015

Pancreatic β-cells modulate insulin secretion through rapid sensing of blood glucose and integration of gut-derived signals. Increased insulin demand during pregnancy and obesity alters islet function and mass and leads to gestational diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes in predisposed individuals. However, it is unclear how blood-borne factors dynamically access the islets of Langerhans. Thus, understanding the changes in circulating molecule distribution that accompany compensatory β-cell expansion may be key to developing novel antidiabetic therapies. Here, using two-photon microscopy in vivo in mice, we demonstrate that islets are almost instantly exposed to peaks of circulating molecules, which rapidly pervade the tissue before clearance. In addition, both gestation and short-term high-fat–diet feeding decrease molecule extravasation and uptake rates in vivo in islets, independently of β-cell expansion or islet blood flow velocity. Together, these data support a role for islet vascular permeability in shaping β-cell adaptive responses to metabolic demand by modulating the access and sensing of circulating molecules.
Inter and intra-reader variability in the threshold estimation of auditory brainstem response (ABR) results
Authors: Zaitoun Maha , Cumming Steven , Purcell Alison , O’brien Katie
Published: November 2015

Objective:

This study aims to examine inter- and intra- reader variability in the ability to estimate hearing threshold through the interpretation of ABR waves of infants. The investigation is based on a large random sample of Australian audiologists.

Study design:

Sixty-one audiologists were presented with ABR tracings from 15 infants under 12 weeks old. In order to assess inter-rater variability, all cases were presented to all audiologists twice in the same session. Audiologists were asked to nominate a hearing threshold for each of the cases, based purely on their visual judgment of waveforms, and were also asked to answer a brief questionnaire about their experience in ABR testing.

Results:

Audiologists showed high levels of consistency in reading ABR results. The average inter-reader agreement score was 0.873 and the average intra-reader agreement score was 0.879. Our data show that audiologists’ years of experience in ABR testing significantly correlated with their intra-reader agreement scores (p= 0.004).

Conclusion:

Audiologists showed a good level of inter- and intra-reader-agreement in ABR interpretation. Years of experience in ABR testing were the main factor that contributed to audiologists’ high intra-rater agreement. Therefore, experience in ABR testing is essential in enhancing the outcome of ABR testing and lowering potential misdiagnosis rates.
X-ray Compton line scan tomography*
Authors: Kupsch Andreas , Lange Axel , Hentschel Manfred P. , Jaenisch Gerd-Rüdiger , Kardjilov Nikolay , Tötzke Christian , Markötter Henning , Hilger André , Manke Ingo
Published: November 2015

The potentials of incoherent X-ray scattering (Compton) computed tomography (CT) are investigated. The imaging of materials of very different atomic number or density at once is generally a perpetual challenge for X-ray tomography or radiography. In a basic laboratory set-up for simultaneous perpendicular Compton scattering and direct beam attenuation tomography are conducted by single channel photon counting line scans. This results in asymmetric distortions of the projection profiles of the scattering CT data set. In a first approach, corrections of Compton scattering data by taking advantage of rotational symmetry yield tomograms without major geometric artefacts. A cylindrical sample composed of PE, PA, PVC, glass and wood demonstrates similar Compton contrast for all the substances, while the conventional absorption tomogram only reveals the two high order materials. Comparison to neutron tomography reveals astonishing similarities except for the glass component (without hydrogen). Therefore, Compton CT offers the potential to replace neutron tomography, which requires much more efforts.
On the prediction of long term creep strength of creep resistant steels
Authors: Yang Mi , Wang Qiao , Song Xin-Li , Jia Juan , Xiang Zhi-Dong
Published: November 2015

When the conventional power law creep equation is applied to rationalise the creep data of creep resistant steels, its parameters depend strongly on stress and temperature and hence cannot be used to predict long term creep properties. Here, it is shown that this problem can be resolved if it is modified to satisfy two boundary conditions, i. e. when σ (stress) = 0,

ε
˙

min

${\dot \varepsilon _{{\rm{min}}}}$

(minimum creep rate) = 0, and when σ = σTS (tensile stress at creep temperature T),

ε
˙

min

${\dot \varepsilon _{{\rm{min}}}}$

= ∞. This can be achieved by substituting the reference stress σ0 in the conventional equation by the term (σTS – σ). The new power law creep equation describing the stress and temperature dependence of minimum creep rate can then be applied to predict long term creep strength from data of short term measurements. This is demonstrated using the creep and tensile strength data measured for 11Cr-2W-0.4Mo-1Cu-Nb-V steel (tube).
Generalized Effects of On-Street Parking Maneuvers on the Performance of Nearby Signalized Intersections
Authors: Cao Jin , Menendez Monica
Published: November 2015

An on-street parking maneuver can often start a temporary bottleneck that leads to additional delay of following vehicles. When the maneuver occurs upstream near a signalized intersection, the scope of the impact can be magnified. In this case, the intersection might be starved for traffic because of the parking maneuver, so a portion of the intersection capacity is wasted. The authors of this paper estimate the reduction in service rate attributable to the delay from an upstream parking maneuver at different locations and provide suggestions for avoiding such a reduction. The perturbation caused by the parking maneuver is calculated from the hydrodynamic theory of traffic flow. By using dimensional analysis, the authors analyze the relationship between background conditions (i.e., traffic volume, traffic saturation condition, signal control settings) time and location of the parking maneuver, and reduction in service rate at the intersection. Combined with a previous study, this research completes an analysis of the effects of parking maneuvers at different locations near a signalized intersection (as both upstream and downstream maneuvers are included). The results show that, generally, for an undersaturated intersection, parking downstream of the intersection causes fewer negative effects on the service rate than does parking upstream. However, for an oversaturated intersection, parking downstream near the intersection might reduce the service rate significantly. These conclusions may help guide parking planning–management under different background conditions and assist the development of parking regulations (such as dynamic parking supply according to real-time traffic conditions).
Planning-Level Methodology for Freeway Facilities
Authors: Hajbabaie Ali , Rouphail Nagui M. , Schroeder Bastian J. , Dowling Richard
Published: November 2015

This paper presents a planning-level methodology for the analysis of freeway facilities. The proposed approach is based on and compatible with the operational method of the Highway Capacity Manual 2010 (HCM 2010). The approach is specifically constructed with the intent to minimize input data requirements. The method covers both under- and oversaturated flow conditions and produces estimates of travel time, speed, density, and level of service. The underlying methodology relies on developing a relationship between a basic freeway segment's delay rate per unit distance and its demand-to-capacity ratio. For weaving segments, the study develops capacity adjustment factors on the basis of volume ratio and segment length. With these factors, demand-to-capacity ratios on weave segments were adjusted and the segment was treated similarly to a basic freeway segment. For merge and diverge segments, a novel methodology is proposed to estimate their capacity on the basis of demand level, free-flow speed, and space mean speed. Subsequently, capacity adjustment factors are calculated on those segments and their demand-to-capacity ratios are adjusted accordingly. The proposed approach is applied to two examples in the HCM 2010 and produced very promising results. For undersaturated flow conditions, facility travel time is at most 3.4% and density was at most 1.1% at variance from the results found by applying the HCM 2010 operational methodology. The corresponding differences for oversaturated conditions are 6.7% and 13.0%, respectively.
Vehicular Traffic Capacity at Unsignalized Crosswalks with Probabilistic Yielding Behavior
Authors: Wei Dali , Xu Hao , Kumfer Wesley , Liu Hongchao , Wang Ziyang
Published: November 2015

Motorists' probabilistic yielding behavior is often observed at unsignalized crosswalks, but its impedance on traffic capacity has not been thoroughly examined. The uniqueness of this problem, which is also the challenge, is that neither pedestrians nor motorists hold absolute priority because of uncertainty in yielding behavior. Therefore, from the perspective of queuing theory, understanding the service mechanism is key to determining system performance. In this study, based on explicit analyses of complete yielding scenarios, the distribution of service time for queuing vehicles is derived. Traffic capacity is then determined on the basis of mean service time for queuers. In the special case of drivers fully respecting the priority of pedestrian flow, the capacity model reduces to the classic formula with absolute priority. The solutions from the proposed capacity model precisely match the results from stochastic simulations. To facilitate practical applications, an approximation is also developed that greatly simplifies the capacity formula but still gives very close estimations to the exact solutions. This simplified formula is recommended for practical applications. The proposed capacity formula, as well as the service time distribution, can also be applied to develop performance measures such as traffic delay and queue length through use of sophisticated queuing formulas.
Field-Derived Freeway Passenger Car Equivalents for Congested Conditions
Authors: Drakopoulos Alex , Dehman Amjad
Published: November 2015

Heavy-vehicle (HV) impact on freeway operations in the Highway Capacity Manual 2010 is evaluated on the basis of values for passenger car equivalents (PCE) for buses–trucks and recreational vehicles. These values were calibrated for relatively uncongested freeway conditions [Levels of Service (LOS) A through C] because inadequate field data on HV behavior under congested conditions were available; furthermore, field-collected headway information was based on the average headway for vehicles in a particular class, regardless of the type of vehicle that they were following. The goal of this paper was to collect and analyze freeway field data on HV headways with an emphasis on lower speeds typically associated with an LOS E (capacity) or F (forced-flow conditions). The effect that a leading vehicle has on headways was captured and analyzed for 10 leading–following vehicle pair types containing at least one passenger car (for example, buses followed by passenger cars). Headway statistics were analyzed for nine speed ranges (up to 20 mph, 20 to 25 mph, 25 to 30 mph, 30 to 35 mph, 35 to 40 mph, 40 to 45 mph, 45 to 50 mph, 50 to 55 mph, and over 55 mph) and 10 vehicle pair types. Values for PCEs were derived for each speed range on the basis of average headway for a specific vehicle pair type divided by the average headway between passenger cars. Leading and following vehicle classes and speeds were found to have a significant influence on headways and values for PCEs.
Enhanced antitumor activity of cucurbitacin B combined with cerulenin in osteosarcoma
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Shen Ying , Wu Jian , Cai Lin
Published: November 2015

In the present study, the effect of cucurbitacin B and cerulenin combination on osteosarcoma was investigated to develop an effective treatment regimen. The IC50 values of cerulenin and cucurbitacin B combination in the proportion of 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 were  3.5, 7.2 and 8.6 μg/mL, respectively. The combination index (CI) values of <0.95 for inhibition of growth and <0.93 for inhibition of SENP5 expression clearly indicated synergism between the two. The Q-value for combination of 1 μg/mL cerulenin and 1 μg/mL cucurbitacin B was 1.2. AI calculated for tumor tissues treated with a combination of cucurbitacin B and cerulenin (26.2 ± 8.4%) was higher than that of the tissues treated separately with cucurbitacin B (14.5 ± 6.8%) or cerulenin (12.6 ± 7.5%). The AI for untreated tumor tissues was 4.2 ± 1.5%. Thus, the combination of cucurbitacin B and cerulenin can be a promising regimen in the treatment of osteosarcoma.
Comparaison des modes d’engagements de gouvernements locaux français et québécois au Mali
Authors: Soukouna Sadio
Published: November 2015

Cet article fournit des éléments de réponse face aux difficultés de comparaison auxquelles nous avons été confrontée en tant que jeune chercheure. Il présente une expérience de recherche qui avait initialement pour ambition d’effectuer une analyse comparative de l’action extérieure des collectivités canadiennes et françaises dans la région de Kayes au Mali, dans un contexte de décentralisation.
La démarche de comparaison de plusieurs zones géographiques peut être complexe et malgré la difficulté de sa réalisation, elle a constitué une véritable ressource pour la réflexion menée dans le cadre de notre thèse .Dans cette étude, nous présentons tout d’abord les formes de comparaison qui tendent à s’imposer au chercheur au cours d’un travail portant sur des systèmes d’action de développement différents. Nous étudions ensuite la question des exigences méthodologiques de la comparaison qui permettent d’éviter toute démarche consistant à « comparer l’incomparable ».
Écologie et urbanisme : comment les experts du vivant peuvent-ils contribuer à la conception du cadre urbain ?
Authors: Chalot Robin
Published: November 2015

Depuis plus d'un demi-siècle, l'anxiété vis-à-vis de l'érosion de la biodiversité va croissante. Elle s'est traduite par des politiques publiques et des normes législatives visant à réduire l'impact de l'urbanisation. Elle s'accompagne d'une forte demande sociale pour la restauration d'une Nature en ville, exprimée à travers un éventail d'entreprises citoyennes redéfinissant l'espace urbain.Les interrogations scientifiques sont encore nombreuses concernant la composition des écosystèmes urbains, leurs interactions avec les infrastructures artificielles et leur rôle au sein de la biosphère. Toutefois, de nombreux travaux démontrent des effets bénéfiques du vivant en milieu urbain, par exemple face au changement climatique. Des expériences pratiques tentent désormais de réconcilier ville et nature, mais leur bénéfice réel pour la biodiversité ne fait pas toujours consensus. En cause un manque de pertinence des solutions proposées vis-à-vis du fonctionnement des écosystèmes, qui s'explique notamment par l’absence de formation à l’écologie scientifique des professionnels en charge des projets. Cet article s'interroge sur les intérêts qu'auraient les professionnels de l'aménagement à inclure au sein de leurs structures des compétences en écologie. Une présence en interne de ces savoirs favoriserait une compréhension réciproque entre les disciplines, l'intégration efficace du vivant dans les projets d'urbanisme, et une prise en compte exhaustive des composantes du système urbain. Le traitement au cas par cas est un élément clé pour une démarche qualitative et adaptée aux enjeux modernes. Des formations croisées en écologie et urbanisme pourraient favoriser l'émergence de nouveaux métiers à l'interface de ces disciplines.
Zinc and Manganese Chelation by Neutrophil S100A8/A9 (Calprotectin) Limits Extracellular Aspergillus fumigatus Hyphal Growth and Corneal Infection
Authors: Clark Heather L. , Jhingran Anupam , Sun Yan , Vareechon Chairut , de Jesus Carrion Steven , Skaar Eric P. , Chazin Walter J. , Calera José Antonio , Hohl Tobias M. , Pearlman Eric
Published: November 2015

Calprotectin, a heterodimer of S100A8 and S100A9, is an abundant neutrophil protein that possesses antimicrobial activity primarily because of its ability to chelate zinc and manganese. In the current study, we showed that neutrophils from calprotectin-deficient S100A9−/− mice have an impaired ability to inhibit Aspergillus fumigatus hyphal growth in vitro and in infected corneas in a murine model of fungal keratitis; however, the ability to inhibit hyphal growth was restored in S100A9−/− mice by injecting recombinant calprotectin. Furthermore, using recombinant calprotectin with mutations in either the Zn and Mn binding sites or the Mn binding site alone, we show that both zinc and manganese binding are necessary for calprotectin’s antihyphal activity. In contrast to hyphae, we found no role for neutrophil calprotectin in uptake or killing of intracellular A. fumigatus conidia either in vitro or in a murine model of pulmonary aspergillosis. We also found that an A. fumigatus ∆zafA mutant, which demonstrates deficient zinc transport, exhibits impaired growth in infected corneas and following incubation with neutrophils or calprotectin in vitro as compared with wild-type. Collectively, these studies demonstrate a novel stage-specific susceptibility of A. fumigatus to zinc and manganese chelation by neutrophil-derived calprotectin.
Measuring health: related quality of life in hemodialysis patients. Psychometric properties of the Missoula-VITAS Quality of Life Index (MVQOLI-15) in Greece
Authors: Theofilou Paraskevi , Aroni Adamantia , Ralli Maria , Gouzou Maria , Zyga Sophia
Published: November 2015

Different measuring tools have been used to understand the outcomes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) therapies. However, survival, cost-effectiveness and quality of life (QOL) are the main parameters to evaluate treatment of ESRD. The current study meant to assess the psychometric properties (reliability and validity) of the Missoula-VITAS Quality of Life Index (MVQOLI-15) translation to Greek in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). A total sample of 79 HD patients voluntarily participated in this pilot study. Domain analysis of MVQOLI-15-Greek was conducted based on the collected data at initial assessment. The reliability properties of the instrument were tested using the following measures; internal consistency, repeatability, test-retest reliability and convergent validity. Domain analysis demonstrated that all domains of the questionnaire had good variability. MVQOLI-15-Greek internal consistency was satisfactory with an overall Cronbach’s a at 0.74. Pearson’s r and intraclass correlation coefficient revealed strong correlations (ranging from 0.91 to 0.98) between initial assessment and reassessment. MVQOLI-15-Greek convergent validity analysis indicated that the domains were strongly related to the same construct. The findings of the study indicate that the Greek version of MVQOLI-15 provided satisfactory psychometric properties supporting its use within pathological populations and in the context of national QOL measurement.
Ten weeks of home-based exercise attenuates symptoms of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in breast cancer patients
Authors: Wonders Karen Y. , Whisler Gabrielle , Loy Hallie , Holt Brian , Bohachek Kelsey , Wise Robert
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if a structured, home-based exercise program was beneficial to reduce symptoms of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and improve quality of life (QOL). A total of 50 women who are breast cancer survivors and are listed in the Breast Cancer Registry of Greater Cincinnati database were recruited by mail. Participants were initially asked to complete the McGill QOL questionnaire and the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs, before beginning a 10-week home-based exercise program. At the completion of the exercise program, subjects were asked again to complete the same two questionnaires. Pre- and post-intervention data were analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA, at a significance level of α<0.05. Six individuals completed the investigation. Prior to the 10-week exercise program, participants described their pain as unpleasant skin sensations (Pre-HBEx, N=6), abnormally sensitive to touch (Pre-HBEx, N=6), and coming on suddenly in bursts for no apparent reason (Pre-HBEx, N=5). Following 10-weeks of exercise, participants reported experiencing less of these symptoms (Post- HBEx, N=3, 1, and 4 respectively; P=0.05). It was also determined that troublesome symp- toms were significantly reduced after 10- weeks of home-based exercise (P=0.05).
Measuring pain self-efficacy and health related quality of life among hemodialysis patients in Greece: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Theofilou Paraskevi , Aroni Adamantia , Tsironi Maria , Zyga Sophia
Published: November 2015

Patients suffering from end-stage kidney disease often complain about pain. It is also known that the presence of chronic pain greatly impacts upon patients’ quality of life (QOL) and can play a crucial role in the co-morbidity of mental health symptoms such as depression and anxiety. The main aim of this study protocol is the investigation of pain self-efficacy, QOL as well as their relation in patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment. The final sample size will be around 70-80 patients. Each subject’s QOL and pain self-efficacy will be measured using the following instruments: i) the Missoula-ITAS Quality of Life Index-15 and ii) the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. QOL is expected to be related to pain self-efficacy scores. This probable association will be indicated performing regression as well as correlation analysis after controlling for gender, age, education and marital status.
Does pain acceptance predict physical and psychological outcomes in cancer outpatients with pain?
Authors: Protopapa Evangelia , Senior Victoria
Published: November 2015

Pain acceptance has been associated with improved physical and psychosocial well-being in chronic non-malignant pain patients. However, its effects are unclear in cancer outpatients with pain. Our aim was to determine whether pain acceptance predicts reduced pain, pain interference with function, anxiety, and depression in cancer outpatients. We recruited 116 outpatients from a tertiary oncology center, with various types of cancer and pain levels. Patients completed the Brief Pain Inventory, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire, the latter of which comprises activity engagement and pain willingness. We carried out multiple regression analyses, adjusting for patient characteristics and outcomes. Activity engagement and pain willingness significantly predicted pain interference with function (P=0.033 and P=0.041 respectively). However, only activity engagement predicted anxiety (P=0.001) and depression (P<0.001). These findings support the benefi- cial role of pain acceptance in patients’ functional adaptation to cancer-related pain. Activity engagement in particular, shows promise in fostering psychological well-being. Further studies could confirm its role in reducing anxiety and depression in cancer patients with pain and whether it should be included in cancer pain management interventions.
Values-based action in fibromyalgia: results from a randomized pilot of acceptance and commitment therapy
Authors: Steiner Jennifer L. , Bogusch Leah , Bigatti Silvia M.
Published: November 2015

Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) is a chronic pain condition characterized by pain, fatigue, and nonrestorative sleep. The disruptive symptoms of FMS are associated with reductions in quality of life related to family, intimate relationships, and work. The present study was part of a randomized pilot study of an 8-week Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) intervention compared to education in a sample of 28 women with FMS. The Chronic Pain Values Inventory was administered at baseline, postintervention, and 12 week follow-up. Both groups showed significant improvements in family success, which were maintained at follow-up. Groups showed a differential pattern of success in work. The ACT group demonstrated significant, maintained improvements in success in intimate relationships, while the education group reported no changes over time. Findings suggest that both interventions may lead to improvements in valued living; however different interventions may be best suited for certain valued domains. The results of this study indicate that FMS patients are able to improve their success in family and intimate relationships and losses in these areas are not necessarily permanent.
Positive effects on life satisfaction following health-promoting interventions for frail older adults: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Wilhelmson Katarina , Eklund Kajsa
Published: November 2015

Life satisfaction among older adults is known to decrease over time and with deteriorated health. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of the health-promoting intervention study Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone on life satisfaction. A randomized, three-armed, single-blind, and controlled trial with follow-ups at 3 months, 1 and 2 years. A total of 459 community-dwelling persons at risk of frailty, 80-years or older were included. The participants were independent of help from others in ADL and cognitively intact. The two interventions were i) four weekly multi-professional senior group meetings including a follow-up home visit or ii) one preventive home visit. Life satisfaction was measured with eight questions from LiSat-11. Analyses were made in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Life satisfaction decreased over time, with a lower decrease in the intervention groups than in the control group. The proportion of satisfied persons was significantly higher in the intervention group of senior group meetings compared to the control group for five of the eight life satisfaction variables at one year and for all variables at the two-year follow-up. For preventive home visits, there was a significant difference compared to the control group at the one-year follow-up for three of the life satisfaction variables, and at the two-year follow-up for seven variables. We can conclude that a health-promoting intervention can delay the decline in life satisfaction among older adults (aged 80 or older) who are at risk of becoming frail.
Validity of the French form of the somatosensory amplification scale in a non-clinical sample
Authors: Bridou Morgiane , Aguerre Colette
Published: November 2015

The SomatoSensory Amplification Scale (SSAS) is a 10-item self-report instrument designed to assess the tendency to detect somatic and visceral sensations and experience them as unusually intense, toxic and alarming. This study examines the psychometric properties of a French version of the SSAS in a non-clinical population and, more specifically, explores its construct, convergent and discriminant validities. The SSAS was completed by 375 university students, together with measures of somatization propensity (SCL-90-R somatization subscale) and trait anxiety (STAI Y form). The results of principal component and confirmatory factor analyses suggest that the French version of the SSAS evaluates essentially a single, robust factor (Somatosensory amplification) and two kinds of somatic sensitivity (Exteroceptive sensitivity and Interoceptive sensitivity). Somatosensory amplification correlated with somatization tendency and anxiety propensity. These results encourage further investigations in French of the determinants and consequences of somatosensory amplification, and its use as a therapeutic strategy.
Severe war trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder in adolescents with sensory impairments: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Shaar Khuzama Hijal
Published: November 2015

A paucity of studies of the psychological status of adolescents with sensory impairments in political conflict areas is noted. This study was set up to examine the exposure of adolescents with sensory impairments (ASIs) to severe war trauma and development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as compared to their able-bodied peers (ABPs). It also answers the question whether their impairments have made them more resilient in facing traumatic events. A cross-sectional study of all ASIs attending special schools in three administrative districts in Lebanon (n=166) as well as a group of 166 age and sex-matched ABPs from neighboring schools was conducted. The Post Traumatic Stress Reaction Checklist for children (PTSRC) was used to assess exposure to severe trauma, PTSD and their determinants. ASIs reported a lower exposure to severe traumatic events (24.1%) as compared to their ABPs (69.9%), and risk factors for their exposure were an older age group, a fatherless family, and severe visual impairment. Prevalence rates for PTSD were similar in the two study groups (17.5% and 16.4%). Younger ASIs were at a significantly higher risk of developing PTSD. Lower exposure to trauma among ASIs points to the more sheltered life that they lead. Given the same exposure as ABPs, similar rates of PTSD are noted among the two study groups. This may indicate that having a sensory impairment may protect from PTSD due to decreased exposure to severe trauma and not due to increased resilience of subjects.
The role of anxiety in binge eating behavior: a critical examination of theory and empirical literature
Authors: Rosenbaum Diane L. , White Kamila S.
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this manuscript is to expand the understanding of binge eating by reviewing the role of aspects of negative affect. Specifically, this paper will present evidence for further investigation of the bearing that anxiety may have in binge eating development and maintenance. A comprehensive review of the literature regarding the relation of binge eating and anxiety was performed. Valuable contributions have been made to the binge eating literature regarding some aspects of negative affect (i.e., depression); however, outside of bulimia nervosa studies, much of the theoretical and empirical binge eating research to date has not directly addressed the role of anxiety. Research supports expansion of investigations of negative emotionality and binge eating to include specific study of anxiety. Greater inclusivity and specificity in the unique contributions of various negative emotions may further the development of temporal models and intervention efforts.
Counter-conditioning as an intervention to modify anti-fat attitudes
Authors: Flint Stuart W. , Hudson Joanne , Lavallee David
Published: November 2015

This study examined the effect of anti-fat attitude counter-conditioning using positive images of obese individuals participants completed implicit and explicit measures of attitudes towards fatness on three occasions: no intervention; following exposure to positive images of obese members of the general public; and to images of obese celebrities. Contrary to expectations, positive images of obese individuals did not result in more positive attitudes towards fatness as expected and, in some cases, indices of these attitudes worsened. Results suggest that attitudes towards obesity and fatness may be somewhat robust and resistant to change, possibly suggesting a central and not peripheral processing route for their formation.