bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ketersediaan dan Akses Informasi Pada Petani Jagung Di Nagari Koto Baru Kecamatan Luhak Nan Duo Kabupaten Pasaman Barat
Authors: Pratama Aditya Weli , Oktavia Yenny , Evaliza Dwi
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan ketersediaan, akses informasi dan mengetahui hubungan antara ketersediaan informasi dengan akses informasi petani jagung di Nagari Koto Baru Kecamatan Luhak Nan Duo Kabupaten Pasaman Barat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dimana dalam pengambilan data menggunakan metode survei. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah accidental sampling dan alat analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ketersediaan informasi petani jagung di Nagari Koto Baru yang diukur melalui sumber informasi dan ragam informasi berada pada kategori sedikit. Dan untuk akses informasi petani jagung di Nagari Koto Baru yang diukur dengan dua indikator yaitu intensitas informasi dan frekuensi informasi berada pada kategori rendah. Berdasarkan hasil korelasi rank spearman didapat hasil Terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara peubah ketersediaan informasi dan akses informasi. Apabila ketersediaan informasi petani rendah, maka akses informasi petani akan semakin rendah secara siginifikan. Sebaliknya, apabila ketersediaan informasi petani tinggi, maka akses informasi petani akan semakin tinggi secara signifikan.Dari hasil penelitian disarankan untuk meningkatkan penyebaran informasi yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan informasi petani       Kata kunci : ketersediaan, akses informasi, jagung.
The Genesis of Reading and Intonation
Authors: Arabiyat Ekram Abdul Razzaq Abdul
Published: July 2020

This research deals with the genesis of reading and intonation and began by talking about the linguistic and conventional meaning of each and related to the definition of both the reader and the reader and the fruit of the science of readings and its usefulness.

In this research, i.e. the stages of the genesis of the readings at the time of the descent of the Revelation and after the revelation, the seven letters and what they mean, and what character the Companions were reading.

She also spoke about the genesis of intonation, which means language and terminology, and when the science of intonation began to emerge.

What is the relationship between intonation and reading science?
Transition Energy, Orientation Force and Work Done in Transitional Behavior Atoms: Formulating New Principles in Thermodynamics
Authors: Ali Mubarak
Published: July 2020

A study of different parameters in thermodynamics is important to describe the science of various physical and chemical phenomena. Solid atoms give birth to condensed matter science when dealing with different transition states at suitable level (of ground surface). A same is the case in atoms of gaseous state but in a different way. In this context, study finds an anomaly associated with the first law of thermodynamics. The anomaly is resolved for the equations of change in the internal energy of a system composed of atoms. To undertake transition state, a gaseous atom involves transitional energy in a gaining manner. Hence, the work is carried out by that gaseous atom. This can be registered symbolically in a plus form. A solid atom involves transitional energy absorbed in undertaking transition state. Hence, the work is carried out on that solid atom, which can be registered in a minus form. In a system composed of gaseous or solid atoms, varying energy and force introduce different transition states. A levitational force exerts at electron level in an atom of gaseous state, whereas a gravitational force exerts at electron level in an atom of solid state. An electron changes potential energy as per the available transition energy for its atom, thereby it controls position by the introduced orientation force while remaining clamped in energy knot. Based on the orientations of electrons, understandable concepts of cooling and heating are deduced from their respective gaseous atoms and solid atoms when recovering from achieved ‘attaining liquid states’.
Levenshtein Augmentation Improves Performance of SMILES Based Deep-Learning Synthesis Prediction
Authors: Sumner Dean , He Jiazhen , Thakkar Amol , Engkvist Ola , Bjerrum Esben Jannik
Published: July 2020

SMILES randomization, a form of data augmentation, has previously been shown to increase the performance of deep learning models compared to non-augmented baselines. Here, we propose a novel data augmentation method we call “Levenshtein augmentation” which considers local SMILES sub-sequence similarity between reactants and their respective products when creating training pairs. The performance of Levenshtein augmentation was tested using two state of the art models - transformer and sequence-to-sequence based recurrent neural networks with attention. Levenshtein augmentation demonstrated an increase performance over non-augmented, and conventionally SMILES randomization augmented data when used for training of baseline models. Furthermore, Levenshtein augmentation seemingly results in what we define as attentional gain – an enhancement in the pattern recognition capabilities of the underlying network to molecular motifs.
Non-Linear Analysis of Bubbling Fluidized Beds
Authors: Vaidheeswaran Avinash , Rowan Steven
Published: July 2020

Results from non-linear analysis of bubbling fluidized beds are presented in this study. The experiments were performed in cylindrical columns having internal diameters of 2.5 inches, 4 inches and 6 inches while operating conditions, material properties and static bed height were held constant. Superficial velocity of air at the inlet was varied from 2.97 to 5.35 times minimum fluidization velocity in each column. The test procedure involved randomization and replication to estimate measurement uncertainty and identify bias if present. The columns were split into regions based on dominant physical mechanisms occurring within. Fractal parameters were evaluated from differential pressure data which confirm deterministic chaos. These measures represent a broad range of spatial and temporal scales and were used to elucidate multiphase dynamics in different sections of these columns. Fractal analysis is hence shown to provide more intuition particularly when a true scale-up study based on non-dimensional groups becomes prohibitive.
A General Design Principle for Aggregation-Induced Room-Temperature Phosphorescence via An sp3-Linked Donor-Acceptor Structure
Authors: Wang Tao , Hu Zhubin , Nie Xiancheng , Sun Xiang , Zhang Guoqing
Published: July 2020

Intramolecular motion is commonly more detrimental to room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) than to prompt fluorescence because long-lived triplet excitons offer more possibilities of quenching. Inspired by the mechanism of aggregation-induced emission (AIE), a single molecule is endowed with AIE and RTP features at the same time. By utilizing triphenylamine (TPA) as AIE activator as well as electron donor and an sp3 linkers as a bridge between donor and acceptor, five TPA-based AIE-active RTP luminophores were designed. RTP and low-temperature emissions reveal the co-existence of ternary emission, including fluorescence and dual phosphorescence. Single-crystal analyses and theoretical calculations suggest dual phosphorescence derives from local excitation and charge-transfer component. By utilizing hot exciton emission, color-tunable phosphorescence can act as an indicator for temperature estimation. This combinatory approach pioneers a new route for designing versatile AIE-active RTP materials.
Fatty Acid Sentinels as Covalently Bound Randomization Standards for Triacylglycerol (TAG) Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Wang DongHao , Wang Zhen , Martinez Secilia , Tobias Herbert , Brenna Tom
Published: July 2020

RATIONALE. Quantitative analysis of triacylglycerols (TAG) is impeded by a lack of standards and the huge number of potential TAG molecular species that may be present due to the combinatorial nature of glycerolipids. Randomization of acyl groups yields TAG mixtures with profiles predictable from fatty acid profiles, however their use as calibration mixtures has been limited. METHODS. We introduce here the principle of fatty acid isotopic sentinels that are quantitatively added prior to randomization to enable verification that randomization is complete, and that can be used as internal standards. A mixture of two or moreisotopically labeled fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) are prepared in quantitative proportions and randomized covalently into the acyl groups of TAG mixtures.RESULTS. Reaction with catalytic amounts of NaOCH3 yields complete randomization, such that the product FAME and TAG have the same fatty acid profile. TAG mixtureanalysis reveals that the isotopic sentinels have been covalently incorporated into TAG molecular species and <1% of the expected proportions thus verifying randomization within experimental error.CONCLUSIONS. The sentinel principle demonstrated here as covalently incorporated internal standards verifies that randomization chemistry went to completion. It applies ingeneral to use of combinatorial chemistry for quantitative standards.
Co-Polyesters of Hydroxy-Fatty Acids Extracted from Tomato Peel Agro-Wastes and Glycerol with Tunable 16 Mechanical, Thermal and Barrier Properties
Authors: Marc Mathilde , Risani Regis , Desnoes Eric , Falourd Xavier , pontoire Bruno , Rodriguez Rubens , escorcio rita , Batista Ana Paula , Valentin Romain , GONTARD Nathalie , Pereira Cristina Silva , lopez Christelle , Leroy Eric , Lourdin Denis , Marion Didier , Bakan Benedicte
Published: July 2020

By mimicking the cutin natural polyester networks of plant cuticles, we produced hydrophobic elastomers by a sustainable process, i.e., using a catalyst- and solvent-free polycondensation of glycerol and hydroxy fatty acids, two by-products of the agro-food industry. The hydroxy-fatty acid fraction was obtained by alkaline hydrolysis in ethanol of peels from industrial tomato pomaces. This industrial-like fatty acid fraction contained more than 90% wt. of 9(10)-16 dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid (diOHC16). The co46 polyesters were designed by increasing the ratio of esterified glycerol/diOHC16 in a range observed in plant cutins (up to 6% wt.). Their structure and functional properties (thermal, mechanical, gas permeability, interaction with bacterial cells) were characterized. Increasing the glycerol contents induced a significant decrease in the reticulation degree of the polyesters and the formation of crystalline domains with an hexagonal organization. These structural modifications were related to a marked increase of elastomeric extensibility (up to 217%). While water vapor permeability was not impacted, the increase of glycerol content induced a significant decrease of oxygen permeability. None of the polyesters displayed biocide activity, but an increase of glycerol content significantly reduced the adhesion of bacterial cells, potentially giving rise to antifouling applications. Finally, the increasing content of free hydroxyl groups of the co-polyesters offer opportunities of grafting and covalent substitution for tailored functionalization
Potential Zeolites Related to Faujasite (FAU): Structures and Energetics.
Authors: Friedrichs Olaf Delgado , Foster Martin D. , O'Keeffe Michael , Treacy Michael
Published: July 2020

We present a small set hypothetical zeolite frameworks that are structurally related to faujasite. They are found by examination of the -t nets of the Frank-Kasper phases, which optimize the conditions for regular-tetrahedral nets. The new frameworks have plausible framework energy, as estimated by empirical potential in the GULP program. One of the new frameworks, fav, has framework energy, as a pure silicate, that is only slightly higher than faujasite itself. These present appealing zeolite synthesis targets.
Divergent Photocatalytic Reactions of α-Ketoesters Under Triplet Sensitization and Photoredox Conditions
Authors: Zheng Jian , Dong Xiao , Yoon Tehshik
Published: July 2020

The long-lived triplet excited states of transition metal photocatalysts can activate organic substrates via either energy- or electron-transfer pathways, and the rates of these processes can be influenced by rational tuning of the reaction conditions. The characteristic reactive intermediates that are generated by each of these activation modalities, however, are distinct and can exhibit very different reactivity patterns. Herein, we show that the photocatalytic reactions of benzoylformate esters with alkenes can be directed towards either Paternò–Büchi cycloadditions under conditions that favor energy transfer or allylic functionalization reactions under superficially similar conditions that favor electron transfer. These studies provide a framework for designing other divergent photocatalytic methods that produce different sets of reaction outcomes under photoredox and triplet sensitization conditions.
Drug Repurposing Commonly Against Dengue Virus Capsid and SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid: An in Silico Approach
Authors: Mukherjee Debica , Roy Rupesh , RAY UPASANA
Published: July 2020

In the middle of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, dengue virus (DENV) is giving a silent warning as the season approaches nearer. There is no specific antiviral against DENV for use in the clinics. Thus, considering these facts we can potentially face both these viruses together increasing the clinical burden. The search for anti-viral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 is in full swing and repurposing of already ‘in-use’ drugs against other diseases or COVID-19 has drawn significant attention. Earlier we had reported few FDA approved anti-viral and anti-microbial drugs that could be tested against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid assembly. We explored the possibility of interactions of these shortlisted drugs against SARS-CoV2 with Dengue virus proteins. Here we report three FDA approved drugs (Daclatasvir, Letermovir and Rifampicin) that were seen to be docking onto the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid RNA binding domain, also docking strongly with DENV capsid protein on the RNA binding site and/or the capsid’s membrane fusion domain. Thus, the present study proposes these three drugs as common antiviral candidates against both SARS-CoV-2 and DENV.
Investigating the relation between anti-oxidant activity and epileptic enzymes of formulation-40 capsules
Authors: Bhavani J  , Ravichandran S
Published: July 2020

Seizures and Epilepsy are those major conditions that are common symptoms of many diseases that affect the human nervous system. It is one of the most chronic and commonest of the neurological disorders that is prevalent in almost 5crore people around the world. Even though the drugs are effective and potent, there are various side effects and adverse effects are associated with those drugs. General side effects include the nausea and vomitings, many other specific side effects include altered mental consciousness, confusion anorexia and excessive aggression are also noted in many cases of drugs. In this research, herbal formulations were designed to fight back the free radicals that are generated in the brain and those protective enzyme levels were analyzed to estimate the activity of the formulation in the brain tissue. In the research, the prepared formulation showed a dose dependent activity in restoring the brain protective enzymes and balancing them. The formulation contained herb powders that contain antioxidant chemical constituents which helped for the anti-epileptic formulation. The herbal capsules at dose 500mg/kg showed a better activity compared to the standard drug but without notable side effects and adverse effects.
Study of running engines inertial and gyroscopic properties influence on the dynamic system engine – pylon – wing structural capabilities
Authors: Ovchinnikov V. V. , Petrov Yu. V.
Published: July 2020

A modern large-sized aircraft dynamic properties analysis, determined by the specificity of its layout scheme, demonstrates that the engines on under the wing elastic pylons lightly damped oscillations cause a number of undesirable phenomena, including intense accumulation of fatigue damage of the pylon-to-the-wing attachment, in fact in the area of engine installation in the pylon and the wing. The results of theoretical and experimental research show that with some engine attachment to the pylon structural modification it becomes possible to use the engines inertial and gyroscopic properties to absorb these oscillations. In this case, the motor tones damping coefficients increase by an order of magnitude or even more, so the gyroscopic coupling of elastic vibration tones is realized. With the rational choice of the additional parameters of elastic and dissipative bonds in the engine attachments it is possible to affect the aircraft wing and engines aero elastic vibrations effectively, which has a significant effect on the aircraft elements structural capabilities. A mathematical model of aero elasticity (MMAE) with respect to the kinetic moment of the engine rotors and specially designed units for attaching the engines to the pylons was developed in order to study the influence and the selection of rational elastic-dissipative parameters of the pylons-under-the-wing aircraft engine mounts. The method of predetermined basic forms is used for the aircraft with running engines on the pylons MMAE synthesis. The given forms are considered as the aircraft basic structure forms natural vibrations in the void. This work treats the engine nacelle and the rotor as absolutely rigid bodies, the elasticity of the rotor to the nacelle attachment is neglected. The pylon is modeled by an elastic beam, and the elastic and dissipative properties of the pylon-to-the-wing and the engine-to-the-pylon attachments are correspondingly by elastic-dissipative bonds. Schematic diagrams of the engine to the pylon attachments are proposed. The results of the study devoted to the influence of the proposed attachment points modifications on the load and integral strength characteristics of the main structural elements of the engine – pylon – wing dynamic system on the example of an An-124 aircraft are presented. The practical implementation of the proposed solutions aimed to reduce the level of fatigue damage to structural elements of the aircraft feasibility is proved.
人口大国的社会保障：世界性难题与贡献
Authors: 谢 元态 , 王 妍 , 李 练军
Published: July 2020

社会保障问题一直是全球关注的焦点。首先，论文阐述了中国 14 亿人口大国的社会保障是世界性难题，其难点包括：人口规模是世界最大；人口老龄化在不断加速；体系建立时间短和基础差；保障体系多轨制和碎片化；农村社会保障体系不完善；中国农村贫困人口规模十分庞大。其次，聚焦人口老龄化是社会保障体系必须关注的难点之一，分别阐述人口老龄化对社会养老保险的影响和对社会医疗保障的影响。再次，探讨了中国社会保障的伟大成就和世界性贡献，即保障了世界近 1/5 人口基本生活，实现了“两不愁三保障”，提高了 14 亿人福利水平，让“幸福指数”越来越高。社会保障体系的日益完善，为世界提供“模式”。最后，提出中国特色社会主义的社会保障制度应当坚持“以民为本、公平正义；政府主导、举国体制；立法保障、社会参与；特色、城乡一体”原则，打造特色鲜明的“模式”。
中美服务贸易的国际竞争力比较分析
Authors: 陈 辰 , 史 晓娟
Published: July 2020

近年来，中国的国际服务贸易发展迅速，为了加快提升中国服务贸易的国际竞争力水平，论文运用对比和分析的方式，在中美服务贸易发展现状的基础上，利用国际市场占有率（IMS）、显示性比较优势指数（RCA）以及贸易竞争力指数 (TC) 对中美服务贸易国际竞争力进行了比较分析。分析结果显示，中国服务贸易规模远低于美国，两国之间中国处于贸易逆差状态。在不同领域的服务贸易中，两国发展水平也不尽相同。虽然两国的服务贸易仍然以传统服务业为主，但是美国在新型服务行业上的发展速度明显快于中国，中国在整体的服务贸易水平上还是与美国存在距离。为此，论文进一步探析了中美服务贸易国际竞争力产生差距的原因，并提出了一些针对性的对策和建议，如改善高等要素投入状况，促进服务贸易结构优化，积极发挥政府作用等，由此期望对促进中国服务贸易产业的转型、提升中国国际服务贸易竞争力水平有所帮助。
基于GARCH模型的比特币价格波动研究
Authors: 冯 琳岚 , 苏 甘雅
Published: July 2020

论文针对比特币价格的对数收益率序列建立 GARCH 模型，了解在实验时间范围比特币价格的波动情况。实验结果表明：比特币价格的波动性较大且容易受外部冲击的影响。分析认为，比特币更明显地表现为投机性金融工具，并且比特币价格的泡沫化现象十分严重。
基于大数据背景下企业人力资源招聘
Authors: 孙 哲
Published: July 2020

作为信息时代一项重要的计算机网络技术，大数据这一技术当前已对社会多个领域产生了广泛而深刻的影响。大数据背景下，企业人力资源管理模式迎来创新发展机遇，企业应重视把握机遇开展人力资源招聘活动模式创新，实现大数据与人力资源招聘的深度融合，以此改善人力资源招聘成效，切实提升整体人才质量。论文主要对企业在实现大数据与人力资源招聘结合方面存在的不足进行分析，探讨企业有效应用大数据技术增强人力资源招聘实效性的具体策略，旨在提供具备一定参考意义的借鉴。
关于农民专业合作社信用体系建设的探索
Authors: 王 雪
Published: July 2020

为构建较为专业的、依赖于国策的农民互相帮扶体系，必须要组织具有中国社会主义新农村特色的合作模式。农民专业合作社可以推动农业的经济模式转型，并在党政的领导下，使得农民安身立命之根本得以保障。为适应市场经济环境，应建立信用体系，尝试改善合作社信用环境，做好融资的相应管理，使得专业合作社完成信息征集与成果转化，为农民谋福利。
浅谈企业劳动合同管理
Authors: 仇 艳丽
Published: July 2020

目前，中国经济体制发生了很大的转变，人员的流动性也在不断的增强。因此，当前的劳动市场亟需加强管理，利用规范性的管理能够有效地提高劳动者的工作效率。
CONCEPÇÕES DE PROFESSORAS SOBRE A PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA LÚDICA NO ENSINO DE QUÍMICA
Authors: Souza Catiex Rodrigues de , Silva Adelmo Carvalho da
Published: July 2020

Este artigo teve como objetivo geral compreender e analisar as concepções do lúdico e o desenvolvimento da prática pedagógica lúdica de três professoras que ensinam Química no Ensino Médio em duas escolas estaduais de Mato Grosso no município de Cuiabá. Apresentou a seguinte problemática: quais as concepções dos professores de Química sobre o conceito de lúdico? A coleta de dados foi desenvolvida no período de fevereiro a maio de 2019. Utilizaram-se as abordagens da pesquisa qualitativa – do tipo estudo de caso – e o método interpretativo de análise de conteúdo. Os instrumentos para a análise configuram-se no questionário estruturado, na entrevista semiestruturada, observação e caderno de campo. Para a análise dos dados foram construídos dois eixos centrais que caracterizam-se nas memórias; concepções acerca do lúdico sob a ótica das professoras; e o Ensino de Química na prática pedagógica lúdica. Apontam-se os seguintes resultados: as professoras acreditam na importância do desenvolvimento da prática pedagógica lúdica como contribuinte no processo de ensino aprendizagem e expõem fragilidades sobre a compreensão teórica a respeito da temática.
Segmenting young-adult consumers in East Asia and Central and Eastern Europe – The role of consumer ethnocentrism and decision-making styles
Authors: Rašković M , Ding Z , Hirose M , Žabkar V , Fam Kim
Published: July 2020

© 2019 Elsevier Inc. The article addresses consumer ethnocentrism (CET) and consumer decision-making styles (CDMS) of young-adult consumers. We explore the level of between- and within-regional differences in CDMS in East Asia and Central and Eastern Europe. Drawing on Social identity theory, we explore various “constellations” of young-adult consumers with regards to their CDMS and assess to what extent can we discriminate between various consumer segments based on CET. We test hypotheses on matched samples' survey data from China, Japan, Slovenia and Croatia. Our study confirms low ethnocentric tendencies of young-adult consumers at regional, country and segment levels. We identify diverse CDMS archetypes between and within the respective countries and regions. Inter-regional differences are not bigger than country-level differences. We find weak pair-wise correlations between CET and some CDMS only in the case of Central and Eastern Europe.
Segmenting young-adult consumers in East Asia and Central and Eastern Europe – The role of consumer ethnocentrism and decision-making styles
Authors: Ding Z , Hirose M , Žabkar V , Fam Kim , Raskovic Matevz
Published: July 2020

© 2019 Elsevier Inc. The article addresses consumer ethnocentrism (CET) and consumer decision-making styles (CDMS) of young-adult consumers. We explore the level of between- and within-regional differences in CDMS in East Asia and Central and Eastern Europe. Drawing on Social identity theory, we explore various “constellations” of young-adult consumers with regards to their CDMS and assess to what extent can we discriminate between various consumer segments based on CET. We test hypotheses on matched samples' survey data from China, Japan, Slovenia and Croatia. Our study confirms low ethnocentric tendencies of young-adult consumers at regional, country and segment levels. We identify diverse CDMS archetypes between and within the respective countries and regions. Inter-regional differences are not bigger than country-level differences. We find weak pair-wise correlations between CET and some CDMS only in the case of Central and Eastern Europe.
Segmenting young-adult consumers in East Asia and Central and Eastern Europe – The role of consumer ethnocentrism and decision-making styles
Authors: Raskovic Matevz , Ding Z , Hirose M , Žabkar V , Fam Kim
Published: July 2020

© 2019 Elsevier Inc. The article addresses consumer ethnocentrism (CET) and consumer decision-making styles (CDMS) of young-adult consumers. We explore the level of between- and within-regional differences in CDMS in East Asia and Central and Eastern Europe. Drawing on Social identity theory, we explore various “constellations” of young-adult consumers with regards to their CDMS and assess to what extent can we discriminate between various consumer segments based on CET. We test hypotheses on matched samples' survey data from China, Japan, Slovenia and Croatia. Our study confirms low ethnocentric tendencies of young-adult consumers at regional, country and segment levels. We identify diverse CDMS archetypes between and within the respective countries and regions. Inter-regional differences are not bigger than country-level differences. We find weak pair-wise correlations between CET and some CDMS only in the case of Central and Eastern Europe.
МНОГОЦИКЛОВАЯ УСТАЛОСТЬ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ ТОЛСТЫХ ПЛАСТИН ИЗ СПЛАВА Ti-6V-4V ПОЛУЧЕННЫХ ЭЛЕКТРОННО-ЛУЧЕВОЙ СВАРКОЙ
Authors: Zhang YP , Dong CL , Wang YQ , Hou B , Yu C , Fang WP , Xu WH
Published: July 2020

Пластины Ti-6Al-4V толщиной 100 мм сваривали методом электроннолучевой сварки (EBW). Изучены микроструктуры и механические свойства, включая поведение соединения при растяжении и усталостном разрушении. Результаты показали, что соединение имеет явную текстурную и механическую неоднородность по толщине, демонстрирует превосходное сопротивление усталости, хотя средний слой соединения имеет меньшую усталостную долговечность при одинаковом напряжении и числе циклов. Усталостная трещина начинается со свободной поверхности образца по типу трансгранулярного разрушения. Усталостная деформация, отображаемая дислокациями в каждом слое соединения, адаптируется к механизму плоского скольжения.
КИНЕТИКА ДЕФОРМАЦИЙ ПРИ ОДНОПРОХОДНОЙ СВАРКЕ ПЛАВЛЕНИЕМ СИММЕТРИЧНОГО СТЫКОВОГО СОЕДИНЕНИЯ
Authors: Prokhorenko V. M. , Prokhorenko D. V. , Zvorykin C. O. , Hainutdinov S. F.
Published: July 2020

В работе представлены результаты кинетики температуры и осевых деформаций, влияющих на формирование временного и остаточного напряжённо-деформированного состояния сварного соединения.Установлены принципиальные отличия в характере распределения остаточных продольных пластических деформаций в сравнении с приближенными инженерными методами.Результаты конечно-элементного моделирования связанной задачи термо-упруго-пластичности в симметричном стыковом соединении 600х240х10 мм из стали 08пс представлены для варианта сварки шва плавлением под флюсом.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ФИЗИКО-МЕХАНИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ ПРОСЛОЙКИ НА НАПРЯЖЕННО-ДЕФОРМИРОВАННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ПРИ ДИФФУЗИОННОЙ СВАРКЕ И ПАЙКЕ ЖАРОПРОЧНОГО СПЛАВА НА ОСНОВЕ ИНТЕРМЕТАЛЛИДА Ni3Al
Authors: Kvasnytskyi V. V. , Matviienko M. V. , Kvasnytskyi V. F. , Buturlia Y. A.
Published: July 2020

Методом конечных элементов исследовано напряженно-деформированное состояние (НДС) при медленном охлаждении (в течение 600 с) цилиндрических узлов из сплава на основе Ni3Al с «мягкой» прослойкой, имеющей меньшей (0,85) по сравнению с основным металлом пределом текучести и с меньшим, чем у основного металла на 15 и 30 % сопротивлением ползучести. Установлено, что в небольшой зоне основного металла вблизи внешней поверхности у стыка с прослойкой возникает сложное НДС, которое снижает напряжения в прослойке вследствие пластических деформаций ползучести. Коэффициенты жесткости напряжений, а соответственно, и степень упрочнения или разупрочнения металла при медленном охлаждении изменяются на небольших (около 5 толщин прослойки) участках вблизи кромки стыка.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ И ОРИЕНТАЦИИ БОРИДНЫХ ВОЛОКОН В СПЛАВЕ Ti+TiB НА МЕХАНИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА И СТРУКТУРУ МАТЕРИАЛОВ СВАРНОГО СОЕДИНЕНИЯ Ti+TiB И (α + β) Тi СПЛАВОВ
Authors: Loboda P. I. , Zvorykin C. O. , Zvorykin V. L. , Vrzhyzhevskyi E. L. , Romanenko Yu. M.
Published: July 2020

Исследованы процессы электроннолучевой сварки Ti+TiB и (α + β) Тi сплавов, обеспечивающие формирование сплошного и однородного сварного шва.Проведен анализ влияния преимущественной ориентации армирующих TiB волокон (вдоль и поперек свариваемых образцов) на механические свойства сварного соединения. Исследованы особенности микроструктуры материала околощовной зоны и сварного шва. Обнаружено влияние отжига сварного соединения на механическую прочность и пластичность критических элементов конструкции.
ПЛАЗМОВЕ ПРЕЦИЗІЙНЕ АЗОТУВАННЯ AVINIT N ДЕТАЛЕЙ ІЗ СТАЛЕЙ І СПЛАВІВ
Authors: Sagalovych O. V. , Popov V. V. , Sagalovych V. V.
Published: July 2020

Розроблений спосіб зміцнення і підвищення зносостійкості виробів із сталей і сплавів шляхом плазмового прецизійного азотування Avinit N.Нагрівання деталей до температури 400…500°С, наступну ізотермічну витримку при цій температурі і безпосередньо дифузійне насичення поверхні деталей при температурах 500…600°С в атмосфері азоту проводять у високошільній газорозрядній плазмі аргону і азоту, що формується газовим плазмогенератором.При цьому суттєво інтенсифікується процес утворення азотованого шару в 5–50 разів в порівнянні з обробкою традиційними способами азотування. Підвищується твердість і зносостійкість деталей за рахунок отримання рівномірно зміцненого шару без короблення зі збереженням вихідних геометричних розмірів азотованих деталей (прецизійне азотування «в розмір» з точністю до 1–2 мкм).
PROFITABLE HIGH-SPEED PASSENGER VESSEL FOR SHORT LINES AT SEA
Authors: Dubrovsky Victor A.
Published: July 2020

The paper [1] had presented an alternative option of outrigger high-speed passenger vessel for short lines. Such ships can compete with existed ones from economy point of view if the firsts will have minimal cost of building and minimal operation price, firstly – because of minimal outlay of fuel, but for comparable service speed and capacity of passengers. Besides, usually small enough vessels are strongly affected by weather, by waves in main. It means, seaworthiness of such ships is a permanent problem if they must operate at more or less severe conditions of weather. Two newly proposed options of outrigger ships are described below: the first has small water-plane area of the main hull bow, and the second has small water-plane area of the main hull as a whole. The selection of the main dimensions are shown in main, the results are discussed from seaworthiness point of view. Both new options are recommended for further designing, including researching of motion characteristics and possible economy results.
Clipless laparoscopic cholecystectomy: 3 Port access.
Authors: Hassan Ghulam , Gulzar Saad , Iqbal Tariq , Haque Mohammad Imranul
Published: July 2020

Objectives: Use to ultrasound vibrations instead of electric current makes Harmonic Scalpel a safer and more efficient instrument for dissection during laparoscopic surgeries. The property of both coagulation and cutting using single Harmonic Scalpel instruments saves time of surgery reducing anesthesia load. Cystic artery and liver bed dissection has been widely used and established but a contemporary approach is the coagulation and cutting of cystic duct with Harmonic Scalpel eliminating the need for clips and reducing the epigastric port size from 10mm to 5mm thus reducing post-operative pain. Study Design: Prospective Study. Setting: This study was conducted in Department of surgery Quaid e Azam Medical College Bahawalpur. Period: Dec, 2015 to Dec, 2017. Material & Methods: 60 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy 3 ports were introduced one 10mm and two 5mm. the dissection and division of both cystic artery and duct was done by a single instrument, Harmonic Scalpel after tying the cystic duct with 2/0 extracorporeal knot. Results: None of the patients developed Major or Minor bile leaks or hemorrhage. Conclusion: Harmonic scalpel provides a safe alternative for dissecting and division of cystic duct and may replace the more widely used clip technique. The number of ports can be reduced to 3 and size reduced from 10mm to 5 mm. Harmonic scalpel technique eliminates the time wasted during changing of instruments per-operatively and also reduces the risk of remote electric injury.
Histoacryl glue injection without lipiodol dilution and post sclerotherapy bleeding; prevalence among patients with upper GIT bleed.
Authors: Ayub Muhammad , Hussain Sagheer , Ahmed Salman
Published: July 2020

Objectives: To determine role of histoacryl injection in preventing upper acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Study Design: Prospective Study. Setting: Gastroenterology ward of DHQ Teaching Hospital Gujranwala. Period: One year from 1st September 2017 to 31st August 2018. Material & Methods: Patients presented to the study hospital having upper gastrointestinal bleeding of acute onset due to gastric varices bleeding were included in this study. All other cases having upper GIT bleeding due to other causes like peptic ulcer disease, Mallory weise syndrome, gastritis or esophageal varices were not included in this study. Both male and female patients were included irrespective of their age. Hemostasis in these cases was achieved by endoscopic sclerotherapy using histoacryl glue (N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate) injection without lipoidal dilution. After first session of injection patients were called on follow up after 5 days and they were assessed for recurrent GIT bleeding and treatment failure. All data was documented on a predesigned performa. Frequencies and percentage were calculated and results were expressed in tabular form and graphs. Results: Total 80 cases were studied including 56% male and 44% female cases. Endoscopic sclerotherapy using histoacryl injection proved successful in 87.5% cases and recurrent bleeding occurred in 12.5% cases. Minimum age of patients was 25 years and maximum age 70 years with mean age of 45 years. Total 450 cases presented in study institution with Upper GIT bleeding during study period and causes among them were liver cirrhosis in 92% cases, peptic ulcer disease in 4% cases, Malloryweise Syndrome in 2.5% and gastritis in 1.5% cases. In our study group cause of gastric varices was liver cirrhosis due to viral hepatitis in 73% cases and alcoholic hepatitis in 27% cases. After single session of endoscopic histoacryl glue injection to 80 cases, no bleeding occurred after 5 days in 71(88.7%) cases, recurrent bleeding occurred within 5 days in 9(11.2%) cases.  Two cases died due to massive recurrent bleeding and mortality rate was 2.5%. Conclusion: Endoscopic sclerotherapy using Histoacryl injection is very successful treatment for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding with very low recurrence rate of bleeding and low mortality rate.
Identifying frequency and associated factors with respiratory illnesses in children with cerebral palsy.
Authors: Qureshi Dilshad , Bano Shazia , Idrees Hira , Iram Saima
Published: July 2020

Objectives: To identify the frequency and associated factors with respiratory illnesses in children with cerebral palsy. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Paediatrics, Unit I. Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta. Period: 8th May 2018 to 7th May, 2019. Material & Methods: was to determine frequency of hospital admissions due to respiratory illnesses and factors leading to respiratory illnesses in children with cerebral palsy. The study considered 207 patients who were suffering with cerebral palsy. Weight and height/length were taken. Chest was inspected for in drawing of ribs and respiratory rate was counted for a minute. CP child further investigated for having drooling of saliva, chewing difficulties, impaired speech, seizures, GERD, mode of food intake, scoliosis and malnutrition. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Stratification was done and post stratification Chi square test was applied considering p-value ≤0.05 as significant. Conclusion: Among total patients admitted, respiratory illness was observed in 16.4% patients. It was observed that problem to eat by mouth, oromotor dysfunction and Malnutrition were mostly observed leading factors. Multidisciplinary approach should always be provided to CP children at hospital as well as community level along with parent education related to disease problem. These factors need to be addressed thoroughly. Preventive measurements and treatments should be individualized for each leading factors.
Comparative study on intramedullary nailing versus AO external fixation in the management of gustilo type II, IIIA, and IIIB tibial shaft fractures.
Authors: Umrani Khawand Bukhsh , Tunio Zamir Hussain , Mengal Mohammad Aslam , Qureshi Abdul Hafeez , Ahmed Parvez , Kalhoro Naimatullah
Published: July 2020

Objectives: To compare the external fixator and unreamed interlocking nail in treating Gustilo type II, type IIIA, and type IIIB tibial diaphyseal fractures regarding complications. Study Design: Cross-Sectional and Comparative Study. Setting: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology (DOST) Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro/Hyderabad. Period: Two years February 2016 to January 2018. Material & Methods: 40 cases of open tibia fractures in Patients of Gustilo type II, type IIIA, and type IIIB tibial diaphyseal fractures were included. The data were analyzed using the statistical program SPSS version 16.0. Results: A total of 23 cases were treated by external fixator and 22 cases were treated by unreamed solid interlocking nail. A total of 14 cases, that is, 31% showed delayed union. Type II injury 3/15 = 20%; Type IIIA injury 6/22 = 27.3%; Type IIIB injury it is -5/8 = 12.5%. For cases treated with unreamed nail, it was 22.7%; external fixator was 39.1% among 45 cases, 05 cases showed nonunion. For cases treated with unreamed nail, it was 13.6%; external fixation was 8.7%. The overall rate of eep infection is 11.1%. The rate in interlocking nail was 13.6%, and external fixation was 8.7%. Reoperation in the form of dynamization and bone graft application after 20 weeks in unreamed nail was 36.4%, whereas in external fixation the rate was high, almost 48%. The average time of union with unreamed interlocking was about 25.4 weeks, wherein external fixation it was 28.6 weeks. Conclusion: External fixators are a good and reliable method of stabilization of Gustilo type II, type IIIA, and type IIIB tibial diaphyseal fractures, unreamed interlocking intramedullary nail yields better results in treating Gustilo type II and type IIIA tibial shaft fractures.
Frequency of pre-eclampsia in patients with abnormal uterine artery Doppler at twenty two to twenty four weeks of gestation.
Authors: Tabassum Shagufta , Mumtaz Samina , Fayyaz Asiya , Suman Faiza , Qadir Saima Yasmin
Published: July 2020

Objectives: To determine the frequency of pre-eclampsia among pregnant ladies with abnormal uterine artery Doppler at 22- 24 weeks of gestation at a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nishtar Medical University / Hospital Multan. Period:  All the women (n=160) with abnormal uterine artery from 01-07-2018 to 30-06-2019 were included. Material & Methods: The pulsatility index (PI) of uterine artery Doppler was taken by taking average of 3 consecutive waveforms to determine the abnormal uterine artery Doppler. These study cases were followed till delivery to document pre-eclampsia. Results: Of these 160 study cases, 89 (55.6 %) had gestational age up to 23 weeks while 71 (44.4 %) had gestational age more than 23 weeks having mean age of 25.44 ± 4.77 years. Of these 160 pregnant ladies with abnormal uterine artery Doppler, 72 (45.0 %) were resident of rural areas and 88 (55.0 %) were resident of urban areas and family history of pre-eclampsia was 42 (26.3%). Previous history of pre-eclampsia was noted in 41 (25.6%). Mean parity was 2.24 ± 1.06 and 113 (70.6%) had parity up to 3. Mean gravidity of our study cases was 3.87 ± 1.16 and 89 (55.6%) had gravidity up to 4. Obesity was present in 30 (18.8 %) having mean body mass index 25.23 ± 1.92 kg/m2. Mean interpregnancy interval was 14.19 ± 6.82 months and 83 (51.9 %) had interpregnancy interval more than 1 year and pre-eclampsia was noted in 125 (78.1%). Conclusion: Very high frequency of pre-eclampsia was noted in our study in pregnant women presenting with abnormal uterine artery Doppler at 22 – 24 weeks of gestation. Pre-eclampsia was significantly associated with age, family history of pre-eclampsia, previous history of pre-eclampsia and interpregnancy interval.
Frequency of depression in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Authors: Nawaz Zainab , Afridi Adil , Asif Shakeel , Nizami Asad Tamizzudin , Minhaas Fareed Aslam
Published: July 2020

Objectives: To determine the frequency of depression in patients with diabetes mellitus and comparison of the frequency of depression in patients with diabetes mellitus (type1 & 2). Study Design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. Setting: Diabetic Clinic of Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi. Period: From 6th June - 5th December 2016. Material & Methods: A total of 200 patients with diabetes mellitus were inducted in the study through Diabetic Out Patient Department at Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi. Patients screening was done by using ICD10-criteria &Beck Depressive inventory (depression diagnosis and severity assessment). Designed proforma was used for demographic details and variables. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Depression frequency and severity was calculated. Chi Square test was applied depression and categorical variables associations. Results: Frequency of depression in the study sample came out to be 57% (114 out of 200 patients). Results concluded that 26 patients have mild depression (13%), 38 (19%) moderate depression, and 24 (12%) with severe depression. There is no significant difference in frequencies of depression in terms of type of Diabetes mellitus i.e. T1DM vs T2DM (39% vs 61%, P value > 0.05). Monthly income and BMI were factors leading to mental distress. Conclusion: Many of the patients with diabetes have co-morbid depression. Screening and appropriate treatment of depression should be part of the management plan of all patients having diabetes.
Effect of Sofosbuvir based antiviral treatment for eradication of hepatitis C virus on clinical and laboratory parameters of HCV cirrhosis patients.
Authors: Ali Bushra , Haq Raja Ikram Ul , Alam Altaf , Choudhry Asad , Nawaz Arif Amir
Published: July 2020

HCV infects nearly 10 million patients in Pakistan, genotype 3 is the predominant genotype. Liver transplant used to be the only option in patients with decompensated cirrhosis before the emerging role of DAAs. Clinical trials have suggested that successful treatment of HCV in this group results in early improvement in liver function although long term benefit is not yet known. Objectives: To measure clinical and laboratory parameter improvement after successful eradication of hepatitis C in cirrhotics. To study any events of decompensation while on treatment. To measure incidence of HCC on/after treatment. Study Design: A retrospective, observational study. Setting: Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore. Period: July 2015-April 2017. Material & Methods: We included patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis with a CTP score ranging from A5 to C12, treated with sofosbuvir and ribavirin or pegylated interferon sofosbuvir and ribavirin. Data analyzed at the initiation, at the end, 12 weeks and 24 weeks post treatment. Results: A total of 191 (98 male and 93 female) patients were included in our study. There was statistically significant improvement in albumin, bilirubin, AFP, platelet count, CTP and MELD scores but not in INR. One patient developed ascites and another developed hepatic encephalopathy. Four patients developed HCC during follow up after completion of antiviral therapy. Conclusions: 1) Successful treatment of cirrhotic patients leads to improvement in clinical and laboratory parameters. 2) Need for continued surveillance for HCC in patients with cirrhosis remains after successful antiviral treatment.
Retinal involvement in type 1 diabetics, an experience from a specialized diabetes care unit of Karachi, Pakistan.
Authors: Sultan Sharjeel , Panjwani Jai Parkash , Khokar Abdul Rasheed , Butt Anum , Fawwad Asher , Basit Abdul
Published: July 2020

Objectives: To evaluate frequency of retinopathy in type 1 diabetics. Study design: Retrospective Study. Setting: Diabetes Unit (BIDE) of Baqai Medical University (BMU) Hospital of Karachi, Pakistan. January 2017 to September 2018. Material & Methods: Convenience sampling was done to collect clinical, biochemical, demographic and anthropometric measurements. Ophthalmic screening was performed by funduscopy at a slit lamp biomicroscopy with the help 90 D fundus lens. Modified Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Severity Scale (ETDRS) was used for the categorization. Results: Overall retinopathy was observed in around seven percent (7%) participants. On further examination by the ophthalmologist, 2 (5.1%) and 1 (2.3%) cases were grouped into STDR group and1 (2.6%) into NSTDR group. The frequency of mild to moderate and moderate to severe non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) was found in 2.5% cases each. Whereas, tractional retinal detachment TRD and CSME were found in 2.6% cases each. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of screening of retinopathy in type 1 diabetics to avoid insult on.
Screening of achillea santolina for anti-diabetic activity and its comparison with caralluma tuberculata.
Authors: Faisal Muhammad Saleh , Inayat Asad , Nabi Muhammad , Hayat Waqar , Khan Muhammad Sajid , Iqbal Waheed
Published: July 2020

Objectives: The study was designed to investigate the hypoglycaemic effect of Achillea santolina and its comparison with Caralluma tuberculata. Study Design: Experimental study. Setting: Khyber Medical University, Peshawar. Period: July 2017 to February 2018. Material & Methods: Crude extract and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) extract of Achillea santolina were prepared and administered to normal and alloxan treated diabetic rabbits. These extracts were given in capsule form as well as in cooking oil and their effects on blood glucose levels were observed at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours of administration. The results were compared with Caralluma tuberculata. Results: The crude extract 200 mg/kg body weight of Achillea santolina showed marked reduction in mean blood glucose level at 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours with significant (p<0.001) difference when compared with Caralluma tuberculata. The metformin 500 mg/kg body weight was also given to compare its effects with the plant crude extracts, which was more or less intermediate between the crude extracts of Achillea santolina and Caralluma tuberculata. The diabetic rabbits were treated with 100 mg/kg body weight CCl4 fraction of Achillea in capsule form. Blood glucose levels dropped markedly at 2 hours and further more at 4 hours as observed with Caralluma. Upon comparison with metformin, Achillea found to lower blood glucose levels but quite late than metformin. The diabetic rabbits were also treated with 100 mg/kg body weight CCl4 fraction of Achillea santolina in cooking oil and Caralluma was found to cause higher reduction in blood glucose levels than Achillea. Conclusion: Both Achillea santolina and Caralluma tuberculata lowered the blood glucose levels but the later turned out to be more significant in developing hypoglycaemia, particularly when taken with cooking oil.