bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Monoclonal Antibodies against the Capsid Protein and Development of an Epitope-Blocking Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of the Antibody against Porcine Circovirus 3
Authors: Wang Junli , Lei Baishi , Zhang Wuchao , Li Lijie , Ji Jiashuang , Liu Mandi , Zhao Kuan , Yuan Wanzhe
Published: January 2024

Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is endemic in swine worldwide and causes reproductive disorders, dermatitis and nephrotic syndrome, and multi-organ inflammation. Currently, there is a growing need for rapid and accurate diagnostic methods in disease monitoring. In this study, four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against PCV3 capsid proteins were prepared (mAbs 2F6, 2G8, 6E2, and 7E3). MAb 7E3, which had the highest binding affinity for the Cap protein, was chosen for further investigation. A novel B cell epitope 110DLDGAW115 was identified using mAb 7E3. An epitope-blocking (EB) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was successfully developed using horseradish-peroxidase-labeled mAb 7E3 to detect PCV3 antibodies in porcine sera. Moreover, the EB-ELISA showed no specific reaction with other porcine disease sera, and the cut-off value was defined as 35%. Compared with the commercial ELISA, the percentage agreement was 95.59%. Overall, we have developed a novel EB-ELISA method that accurately and conveniently detects PCV3 in serum, making it a valuable tool for the clinical detection of PCV3 infection.
Numerical Method to Determine the Inception of Propeller Tip Vortex Cavitation Based on Bubble Dynamics
Authors: Duan Jia , Xu Rongwu , Cui Lilin , Li Ruibiao , Yao Zhenyu
Published: January 2024

Due to the scale effect, tip vortex cavitation (TVC) is the earliest type of cavitation that occurs on real ship propellers. As a result, experts in the ship field have been paying close attention to the accurate prediction of propeller TVC inception for a long time. The motion and growth of the microscopic nuclei in the water have a significant influence on TVC inception. However, the minimum pressure coefficient method—a common method at present—based on the traditional Eulerian framework, neglects the influence of microscopic nuclei and therefore cannot accurately predict the cavitation inception. Moreover, the numerical prediction method for cavitation inception, which is based on bubble dynamics models and considers the influence of nuclei, has not established a set of unified and specific discrimination criteria applicable to propeller cavitation inception. In order to make up for the shortcomings of traditional prediction models and the existing methods based on bubble dynamics in the prediction of TVC inception, we propose a new discrimination method for propeller TVC inception based on bubble dynamics in this paper. The comparison with experimental results demonstrates that our proposed method allows us to predict propeller TVC inception more accurately. In addition, the effect mechanism of tip vortex flow characteristics on nuclei evolution is further investigated, and it is found that when approaching the low-pressure region at a vortex core under the influence of tip vortex suction, nuclei grow explosively under the continuous action of the low pressure at the vortex core until they reach their maximum sizes and then collapse rapidly.
Performance Estimate of a Spin-Stabilized Drag Sail for Spacecraft Deorbiting
Authors: Niccolai Lorenzo , Mengali Giovanni
Published: January 2024

The growing amount of space debris in geocentricorbit poses a significant threat to the future of space operations. To mitigate this problem, current international guidelines state that a satellite should be able to deorbit or insert into a graveyard orbit within 25 years from the end of its operational life. In this context, drag-enhancing devices such as drag sails are currently an active field of research and development because of their ability to make a spacecraft decay from low Earth orbit without the need for any on-board propellant. Drag sails, conceptually similar to solar sails, are thin membranes deployed by a spacecraft at the end of its operational life to increase the area-to-mass ratio and, consequently, atmospheric drag. To be effectively exploited, a drag sail should maximize the surface area exposed to atmospheric particle flow. However, this would require a fully functional three-axis stabilization system, which may either be unavailable or non-functional on an orbiting satellite after years of space operations. To simplify the deorbiting phase, in this paper we propose to use a spin-deployed and spin-stabilized drag sail, which represents a reasonable compromise between simplicity of implementation and deorbiting performance in terms of total decay time. In fact, a spinning drag sail could take advantage of centrifugal force to unfold and of gyroscopic stiffness to maintain an inertially fixed axis of rotation. Numerical simulations accounting for the main perturbation effects quantify the effectiveness of the proposed device compared with an optimal configuration (i.e., a three-axis stabilized drag sail) and a tumbling drag sail.
Biomechanical Characterization of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: The Rupture Mechanism
Authors: Zhai Yingnan , Delgado Ana Isabel , Sameti Mahyar , Dong Pengfei , Xiong Wanfen , Bashur Chris A. , Gu Linxia
Published: January 2024

In this work, a four-week-old male C57Bl/6 mouse model of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) was developed to examine the AAA rupture mechanism. Immunofluorescence staining was adopted for quantifying the degradation of elastin, and Picrosirius Red staining was adopted for evaluating the density of collagen. Atomic force microscopy with two probe tip sizes of 5 µm and 20 nm was adopted for mechanical characterization of the AAA. The microstructure changes and stiffness changes in both AAA samples and controlled samples were inspected. The degradation of elastin, wall thickening, formation of micro vessels, and increased density of collagen were observed in the AAA samples. The AAA samples also exhibited fragmented texture from AFM scanning. The histogram of stiffness measurements of the AAA samples with a 20 nm tip demonstrated two unique peak frequencies of stiffness intervals (0–10 kPa and 40–50 kPa). The stiffer regions were correlated with the increased density of collagen, as shown in the immunofluorescence images. The softer regions, combined with the fragmented texture, could be the key index contributing to the initiation and propagation of AAA rupture. Overall, the AAA group showed a higher stiffness than the control group (50.77 ± 62.4 kPa vs. 40.6 ± 51.86 kPa). The findings from this work may help in explaining ruptures in small AAA (<5.5 mm), which account for ten percent of all AAA ruptures. Additionally, the observations in this study may help develop early detection methods and innovative treatments for AAA.
Assessment of In Situ Compactness and Air Void Content of New Asphalt Layers Using Ground-Penetrating Radar Measurements
Authors: Primusz Péter , Abdelsamei Enas , Ali Ahmed M. , Sipos György , Fi István , Herceg András , Tóth Csaba
Published: January 2024

This paper deals with the possibilities of ground-penetrating radar (GPR)-based quality control testing, which was demonstrated on an experimental road section of a ~220–240 m long Hungarian residential street. The measurements and their assessment aimed to control the prescribed compactness and air void content of newly built asphalt layers. Research has discussed the relationship between the air void content and the dielectric constant of asphalt layers, and provided empirical results for this relationship. We suggest a new logistic model with lower and upper asymptotes instead of the exponential formula often used in the literature. Contrary to this newly developed robust model, existing models are sensitive to extreme dielectric constant values due to the mathematical nature of their exponential function. The results of the new logistic model are compared to those of the Hoegh–Dai (HD) and Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) models on the basis of a few calibration data points. Through systematic data collection and analysis, the developed robust empirical model demonstrates a significant correlation between the relative permittivity and air void content in asphalt mixes, enabling accurate estimation of the air void content within a ±0.5% margin of error. The air void content can be applied to estimate the asphalt layer modulus. The developed model can be further exploited by utilizing a combination of GPR and drone technology. The “symbiosis” of these technologies can lead to a totally non-destructive imaging system, which can then be applied to environmental monitoring of roads and their surroundings in terms of quality control of asphalt compaction work and the hot asphalt mix behind the compaction roller during pavement construction.
Prediction of Vertical Vibrations of a CNC Router Type Geometry
Authors: Vázquez Carlos Renato , Guajardo-Cuéllar Alejandro
Published: January 2024

Mechanical vibrations represent an important problem in machining processes performed by machine tools. They affect surface quality, tool life, and productivity. In extreme situations, chattering may appear, which can dramatically reduce the tool life. CNC router machines are particularly sensitive to vibrations, with their structure bearing resemblance to a composition of beams that are uniform in cross-section. These CNC machines are commonly used for different tasks, like engraving, cutting, and 3D printing. This work proposes a modeling methodology for vibration systems that consist of coupled thin beams subjected to vertical vibration. This methodology is used to model vertical vibrations in a CNC router machine. For this, the geometry is decomposed into beams of uniform cross-sections that are coupled at their ends. Each beam is modeled by means of the classical theory of Bernoulli–Euler for thin beams. The boundary conditions are determined by the beam couplings. In the system thus defined, fundamental frequencies are calculated using the bisection method, and then the modes are computed for the corresponding frequencies. The modal amplitudes, being time-dependent, are modeled as a state space system, considering the first m frequencies. In order to provide support to the modeling methodology, simulation experiments are performed for validation, comparing the results provided by models built with the proposed methodology against finite element models and an experimental setting with a real structure. Moreover, an analysis of the vibration model focusing on a specific component of the equipment is presented to illustrate the usefulness and flexibility of the models obtained with the proposed methodology.
Enhancing Imbalanced Sentiment Analysis: A GPT-3-Based Sentence-by-Sentence Generation Approach
Authors: Suhaeni Cici , Yong Hwan-Seung
Published: January 2024

This study addresses the challenge of class imbalance in sentiment analysis by utilizing synthetic data to balance training datasets. We introduce an innovative approach using the GPT-3 model’s sentence-by-sentence generation technique to generate synthetic data, specifically targeting underrepresented negative and neutral sentiments. Our method aims to align these minority classes with the predominantly positive sentiment class in a Coursera course review dataset, with the goal of enhancing the performance of sentiment classification. This research demonstrates that our proposed method successfully enhances sentiment classification performance, as evidenced by improved accuracy and F1-score metrics across five deep-learning models. However, when compared to our previous research utilizing fine-tuning techniques, the current method shows a relative shortfall. The fine-tuning approach yields better results in all models tested, indicating the importance of data novelty and diversity in synthetic data generation. In terms of the deep-learning model used for classification, the notable finding is the significant performance improvement of the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) model compared to other models like CNN, LSTM, BiLSTM, and GRU, highlighting the impact of the model choice and architecture depth. This study emphasizes the critical role of synthetic data quality and strategic deep-learning model implementation in sentiment analysis. The results suggest that the careful consideration of training data and model attributes is vital for optimal sentiment classification.
Wood Distillate Enhances Seed Germination of Chickpea, Lettuce, and Basil
Authors: Maresca Viviana , Fedeli Riccardo , Vannini Andrea , Munzi Silvana , Corrêa Ana , Cruz Cristina , Loppi Stefano
Published: January 2024

Seed priming with synthetic chemicals may be harmful to the environment and human health. Their replacement with bio-based compounds may overcome these concerns. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of wood distillate (WD) in enhancing in vitro germination of crop plants using basil, chickpea, and lettuce as case studies. Seeds of the three species were soaked for 24 h in 0.25% and 0.17% WD solutions and then left to germinate for 7 days at 20 °C in a dark germination chamber. Seed pre-treatment with 0.25% WD enhanced germination in all tested species, while 0.17% WD stimulated germination in lettuce and chickpea, but not in basil. For lettuce, 0.17% WD worked better than 0.25% WD. Radicle length of basil and chickpea increased following pre-treatment with 0.25% WD, while in lettuce, it increased after pre-treatment with 0.17% WD. Treating seeds with appropriate WD solutions is a potential strategy to improve germination of crop plants.
Robust Ranking Kernel Support Vector Machine via Manifold Regularized Matrix Factorization for Multi-Label Classification
Authors: Song Heping , Zhou Yiming , Quayson Ebenezer , Zhu Qian , Shen Xiangjun
Published: January 2024

Multi-label classification has been extensively researched and utilized for several decades. However, the performance of these methods is highly susceptible to the presence of noisy data samples, resulting in a significant decrease in accuracy when noise levels are high. To address this issue, we propose a robust ranking support vector machine (Rank-SVM) method that incorporates manifold regularized matrix factorization. Unlike traditional Rank-SVM methods, our approach integrates feature selection and multi-label learning into a unified framework. Within this framework, we employ matrix factorization to learn a low-rank robust subspace within the input space, thereby enhancing the robustness of data representation in high-noise conditions. Additionally, we incorporate manifold structure regularization into the framework to preserve manifold relationships among low-rank samples, which further improves the robustness of the low-rank representation. Leveraging on this robust low-rank representation, we extract a resilient low-rank features and employ them to construct a more effective classifier. Finally, the proposed framework is extended to derive a kernelized ranking approach, for the creation of nonlinear multi-label classifiers. To effectively solve this non-convex kernelized method, we employ the augmented Lagrangian multiplier (ALM) and alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) techniques to obtain the optimal solution. Experimental evaluations conducted on various datasets demonstrate that our framework achieves superior classification results and significantly enhances performance in high-noise scenarios.
Enabling Bitwise Reproducibility for the Unstructured Computational Motif
Authors: Siklósi Bálint , Mudalige Gihan R. , Reguly István Z.
Published: January 2024

In this paper we identify the causes of numerical non-reproducibility in the unstructured mesh computational motif, a class of algorithms commonly used for the solution of PDEs. We introduce a number of parallel and distributed algorithms to address nondeterminism in the order of floating-point computations, in particular, a new graph coloring scheme that produces identical coloring results regardless of how many parts the graph is partitioned to. We implement these in the OP2 domain specific language (DSL) and show how it can be automatically deployed to any application that uses OP2 without user intervention. We contrast differences in results without reproducibility and then demonstrate how bitwise reproducibility can be gained using our methods on a variety of applications including a production CFD application used at Rolls-Royce. We evaluate the performance and overheads of enforcing bitwise reproducibility on a cluster of CPUs and GPUs.
Precipitation and Moisture Transport of the 2021 Shimokita Heavy Precipitation: A Transformed Extratropical Cyclone from Typhoon#9
Authors: Yatagai Akiyo , Saruta Shogo
Published: January 2024

This study examines the heavy rainfall event that occurred in the Shimokita Peninsula, Japan, on 9–10 August 2021, resulting from an extra-tropical cyclone that developed from Typhoon#9 (EC9). The objective of this study is to elucidate the relationship between moisture transport and heavy rainfall and to verify the role of EC9. The authors created intensive hourly precipitation data over the Aomori Prefecture and analyzed them together with moisture fields. In most locations where the landslide disaster occurred, there were two precipitation peaks: at 9 UTC and 18 UTC on 9 August. The wind shear was strong from the lower to the upper troposphere with easterly winds in the lower troposphere and warm moist air from south for the first peak. A strong horizontal gradient of equivalent potential temperature, a northerly in lower troposphere, and moisture convergence over Shimokita Peninsula indicate the existence of the stationary front for the latter peak (18 UTC). The heavy precipitation and moisture convergence that caused the Shimokita event were identified by the stationary front of EC9 around the latter peak (15 UTC of 9th–06 UTC of 10 August). The precipitation distribution, which has a precipitation peak northeast of the EC center, is a typical typhoon-turned extratropical cyclone (EC) precipitation distribution.
Light-Duty Vehicle Brake Emission Factors
Authors: Giechaskiel Barouch , Grigoratos Theodoros , Dilara Panagiota , Karageorgiou Traianos , Ntziachristos Leonidas , Samaras Zissis
Published: January 2024

Particulate Matter (PM) air pollution has been linked to major adverse health effects. Road transport still contributes significantly to ambient PM concentrations, but mainly due to the non-exhaust emissions from vehicles. For the first time worldwide, limits for non-exhaust emissions have been proposed by the European Union for the upcoming Euro 7 step. For these reasons, interest in brake emissions has increased in the past few years. Realistic emission factors are necessary to accurately calculate the contribution of brake emissions to air pollution but also to estimate the emissions reduction potential of new or existing technologies and improved brake formulations. This paper reviews emission factors from light-duty vehicles reported in the literature, with a focus on those that followed the recently introduced Global Technical Regulation (GTR 24) methodology on brakes in light-duty vehicles. Reduction efficiencies of non-asbestos organic (NAO) pads, brake dust filters, ceramic discs, coated discs, and regenerative braking are also discussed. Finally, the emission factors are compared with roadside measurements of brake emissions and emission inventories worldwide. The findings of this study can be used as an input in emission inventories to estimate the contribution of brakes to air pollution.
Modified Two-Parameter Liu Estimator for Addressing Multicollinearity in the Poisson Regression Model
Authors: Abdelwahab Mahmoud M. , Abonazel Mohamed R. , Hammad Ali T. , El-Masry Amera M.
Published: January 2024

This study introduces a new two-parameter Liu estimator (PMTPLE) for addressing the multicollinearity problem in the Poisson regression model (PRM). The estimation of the PRM is traditionally accomplished through the Poisson maximum likelihood estimator (PMLE). However, when the explanatory variables are correlated, thus leading to multicollinearity, the variance or standard error of the PMLE is inflated. To address this issue, several alternative estimators have been introduced, including the Poisson ridge regression estimator (PRRE), Liu estimator (PLE), and adjusted Liu estimator (PALE), each of them relying on a single shrinkage parameter. The PMTPLE uses two shrinkage parameters, which enhances its adaptability and robustness in the presence of multicollinearity between explanatory variables. To assess the performance of the PMTPLE compared to the four existing estimators (the PMLE, PRRE, PLE, and PALE), a simulation study is conducted that encompasses various scenarios and two empirical applications. The evaluation of the performance is based on the mean square error (MSE) criterion. The theoretical comparison, simulation results, and findings of the two applications consistently demonstrate the superiority of the PMTPLE over the other estimators, establishing it as a robust solution for count data analysis under multicollinearity conditions.
U-Net Convolutional Neural Network for Real-Time Prediction of the Number of Cultured Corneal Endothelial Cells for Cellular Therapy
Authors: Okumura Naoki , Nishikawa Takeru , Imafuku Chiaki , Matsuoka Yuki , Miyawaki Yuna , Kadowaki Shinichi , Nakahara Makiko , Matsuoka Yasushi , Koizumi Noriko
Published: January 2024

Corneal endothelial decompensation is treated by the corneal transplantation of donor corneas, but donor shortages and other problems associated with corneal transplantation have prompted investigations into tissue engineering therapies. For clinical use, cells used in tissue engineering must undergo strict quality control to ensure their safety and efficacy. In addition, efficient cell manufacturing processes are needed to make cell therapy a sustainable standard procedure with an acceptable economic burden. In this study, we obtained 3098 phase contrast images of cultured human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs). We labeled the images using semi-supervised learning and then trained a model that predicted the cell centers with a precision of 95.1%, a recall of 92.3%, and an F-value of 93.4%. The cell density calculated by the model showed a very strong correlation with the ground truth (Pearson’s correlation coefficient = 0.97, p value = 8.10 × 10−52). The total cell numbers calculated by our model based on phase contrast images were close to the numbers calculated using a hemocytometer through passages 1 to 4. Our findings confirm the feasibility of using artificial intelligence-assisted quality control assessments in the field of regenerative medicine.
Stimulation of Osteogenic Activity of Autologous Teeth Hard Tissues as Bone Augmentation Material
Authors: Kučera Jan , Lofaj František , Nagyová-Krchova Zuzana , Šurín Hudáková Natália , Vojtko Marek , Březina Vitěslav
Published: January 2024

The issue of bone volume loss is playing an increasing role in bone tissue engineering. Research has focused on studying the preparation and use of different types of human or xenogenic materials and their osteogenic properties. An alternative source for this purpose could be autologous extracted teeth. The simple preparation protocol, minimal immune response, and rapid organizing of the newly formed bone with optimal mechanical properties predispose autologous hard teeth tissues (HTTs) as a promising material suitable in the indication of augmentation of maxillary and mandible defects, comparable to other high-end augmentation materials. The aim of this study was to experimentally evaluate the osteogenic potential of ground native autologous HTTs prepared by different demineralization procedures, aimed at potentiating the osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties of their organic components. The results indicate that the most effective preparation process for HTT stimulation is the application of Cleanser for 10 min followed by exposure to 0.6 N HCl for 5 min with a wash in phosphate-buffered saline solution.
Aquaculture of Animal Species: Their Eukaryotic Parasites and the Control of Parasitic Infections
Authors: Madsen Henry , Stauffer Jay Richard
Published: January 2024

Parasites are very diverse and common in both natural populations and in stocks kept in aquacultural facilities. For most cultured species, there are important bacteria and viruses causing diseases, but eukaryotic parasites are also very important. We review the various combinations of aquacultured species and eukaryotic parasitic groups and discuss other problems associated with aquaculture such as eutrophication, zoonotic species, and invasive species, and we conclude that further development of aquaculture in a sustainable manner must include a holistic approach (One Health) where many factors (e.g., human health, food safety, animal health and welfare, environmental and biodiversity protection and marketability mechanisms, etc.) are considered.
Clinicopathological and Molecular Characteristics of IDH-Wildtype Glioblastoma with FGFR3::TACC3 Fusion
Authors: Bae Hyunsik , Lee Boram , Hwang Soohyun , Lee Jiyeon , Kim Hyun-Soo , Suh Yeon-Lim
Published: January 2024

The World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System recently incorporated histological features, immunophenotypes, and molecular characteristics to improve the accuracy of glioblastoma (GBM) diagnosis. FGFR3::TACC3 (F3T3) fusion has been identified as an oncogenic driver in IDH-wildtype GBMs. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of using FGFR inhibitors in clinical trials and TACC3-targeting agents in preclinical models for GBM treatment. However, there is limited information on the clinicopathological and genetic features of IDH-wildtype GBMs with F3T3 fusion. The aim of this study was to comprehensively investigate the clinical manifestations, histological features, and mutational profiles of F3T3-positive GBMs. Between September 2017 and February 2023, 25 consecutive cases (5.0%) of F3T3-positive GBM were extracted from 504 cases of IDH-wildtype GBM. Clinicopathological information and targeted sequencing results obtained from 25 primary and 4 recurrent F3T3-positive GBMs were evaluated and compared with those from F3T3-negative GBMs. The provisional grades determined by histology only were distributed as follows: 4 (26/29; 89.7%), 3 (2/29; 6.9%), and 2 (1/29; 3.4%). Grade 2–3 tumors were ultimately diagnosed as grade 4 GBMs based on the identification of the TERT promoter mutation and the combined gain of chromosome 7 and loss of chromosome 10 (7+/10−). F3T3-positive GBMs predominantly affected women (2.6 females per male). The mean age of patients with an F3T3-positive GBM at initial diagnosis was 62 years. F3T3-positive GBMs occurred more frequently in the cortical locations compared to F3T3-negative GBMs. Imaging studies revealed that more than one-third (12/29; 41.4%) of F3T3-positive GBMs displayed a circumscribed tumor border. Seven of the seventeen patients (41.2%) whose follow-up periods exceeded 20 months died of the disease. Histologically, F3T3-positive GBMs more frequently showed curvilinear capillary proliferation, palisading nuclei, and calcification compared to F3T3-negative GBMs. Molecularly, the most common alterations observed in F3T3-positive GBMs were TERT promoter mutations and 7+/10−, whereas amplifications of EGFR, PDGFRA, and KIT were not detected at all. Other genetic alterations included CDKN2A/B deletion, PTEN mutation, TP53 mutation, CDK4 amplification, and MDM2 amplification. Our observations suggest that F3T3-positive GBM is a distinct molecular subgroup of the IDH-wildtype GBM. Both clinicians and pathologists should consider this rare entity in the differential diagnosis of diffuse astrocytic glioma to make an accurate diagnosis and to ensure appropriate therapeutic management.
Short-Term Clinical Assessment of Treating Female Androgenetic Alopecia with Autologous Stem Cells Derived from Human Hair Follicles
Authors: Krefft-Trzciniecka Katarzyna , Piętowska Zuzanna , Pakiet Alicja , Nowicka Danuta , Szepietowski Jacek C.
Published: January 2024

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of alopecia, but treatment options are limited. This study evaluated clinical improvement in hair condition in women with AGA six months after a single injection of autologous cell micrografts (ACMs) containing hair follicle stem cells and dermal papilla cells. Methods: Twenty-three women with clinically and dermoscopy-confirmed AGA were included. Five 2.5 mm punch biopsies were taken from the skin of each patient with the Regenera device. The cell suspension was prepared with the Rigeneracons device and then injected into the hormone-dependent hairy zone of the scalp. Results: A significant improvement was observed on the visual analog scale (VAS) when comparing pre- and post-procedure photos (p < 0.001). The change in VAS scores was moderately negatively correlated with baseline ferritin concentration and positively with iron concentration. Improved outcomes were associated with higher baseline levels of sex hormone-binding globulin and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone. Neither testosterone nor DHT showed a significant correlation with VAS scores. Conclusions: The ACM procedure was shown to be both safe and effective, yielding satisfying results six months after a single treatment session. Future investigations should aim to gather evidence that enables the development of a cost-effective approach while minimizing treatment burden and costs.
Decoding Ribosome Heterogeneity: A New Horizon in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Gelfo Valerio , Venturi Giulia , Zacchini Federico , Montanaro Lorenzo
Published: January 2024

The traditional perception of ribosomes as uniform molecular machines has been revolutionized by recent discoveries, revealing a complex landscape of ribosomal heterogeneity. Opposing the conventional belief in interchangeable ribosomal entities, emerging studies underscore the existence of specialized ribosomes, each possessing unique compositions and functions. Factors such as cellular and tissue specificity, developmental and physiological states, and external stimuli, including circadian rhythms, significantly influence ribosome compositions. For instance, muscle cells and neurons are characterized by distinct ribosomal protein sets and dynamic behaviors, respectively. Furthermore, alternative forms of ribosomal RNA (rRNAs) and their post-transcriptional modifications add another dimension to this heterogeneity. These variations, orchestrated by spatial, temporal, and conditional factors, enable the manifestation of a broad spectrum of specialized ribosomes, each tailored for potentially distinct functions. Such specialization not only impacts mRNA translation and gene expression but also holds significant implications for broader biological contexts, notably in the realm of cancer research. As the understanding of ribosomal diversity deepens, it also paves the way for exploring novel avenues in cellular function and offers a fresh perspective on the molecular intricacies of translation.
The Role of GLP-1, GIP, MCP-1 and IGFBP-7 Biomarkers in the Development of Metabolic Disorders: A Review and Predictive Analysis in the Context of Diabetes and Obesity
Authors: Jędrysik Malwina , Wyszomirski Krzysztof , Różańska-Walędziak Anna , Grosicka-Maciąg Emilia , Walędziak Maciej , Chełstowska Beata
Published: January 2024

Metabolic illnesses, including obesity and type 2 diabetes, have become worldwide epidemics that have an effect on public health. Clinical investigations and further exploration of these mechanisms could lead to innovative, effective, and personalized treatment strategies for individuals. It is important to screen biomarkers in previous studies to discover what is missing. Glucagon-like peptide-1′s role in insulin secretion and glucose control highlights its diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide’s influence on postprandial satiety and weight management signifies its importance in understanding metabolic processes. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1′s involvement in inflammation and insulin resistance underlines its value as a diagnostic marker. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-7’s association with insulin sensitivity and kidney function presents it as a potential target for these diseases’ management. In validating these biomarkers, it will be easier to reflect pathophysiological processes, and clinicians will be able to better assess disease severity, monitor disease progression, and tailor treatment strategies. The purpose of the study was to elucidate the significance of identifying novel biomarkers for type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, which can revolutionize early detection, risk assessment, and personalized treatment strategies. Standard literature searches of PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were conducted in the year 2023 to identify both original RCTs and recent systematic reviews that have explored the importance of identifying novel biomarkers for T2D and obesity. This search produced 1964 results, and then was reduced to randomized controlled trial and systematic reviews, producing 145 results and 44 results, respectively. Researchers have discovered potential associations between type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity and the biomarkers glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-7. Understanding the role of those biomarkers in disease pathogenesis offers hope for improving diagnostics, personalized treatment, and prevention strategies.
Localization of Vestibular Cortex Using Electrical Cortical Stimulation: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Arvaniti Christina K. , Brotis Alexandros G. , Paschalis Thanasis , Kapsalaki Eftychia Z. , Fountas Kostas N.
Published: January 2024

The vestibular system plays a fundamental role in body orientation, posture control, and spatial and body motion perception, as well as in gaze and eye movements. We aimed to review the current knowledge regarding the location of the cortical and subcortical areas, implicated in the processing of vestibular stimuli. The search was performed in PubMed and Scopus. We focused on studies reporting on vestibular manifestations after electrical cortical stimulation. A total of 16 studies were finally included. Two main types of vestibular responses were elicited, including vertigo and perception of body movement. The latter could be either rotatory or translational. Electrical stimulation of the temporal structures elicited mainly vertigo, while stimulation of the parietal lobe was associated with perceptions of body movement. Stimulation of the occipital lobe produced vertigo with visual manifestations. There was evidence that the vestibular responses became more robust with increasing current intensity. Low-frequency stimulation proved to be more effective than high-frequency in eliciting vestibular responses. Numerous non-vestibular responses were recorded after stimulation of the vestibular cortex, including somatosensory, viscero-sensory, and emotional manifestations. Newer imaging modalities such as functional MRI (fMRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), SPECT, and near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS) can provide useful information regarding localization of the vestibular cortex.
Analytical Study of Structural Conformation and Prestressing State of Drum-Shaped Honeycomb Quad-Strut Cable Dome Structure with Different Calculation Methods
Authors: Lv Hui , Chen Zhaoquan , Dong Shilin , Zhu Zhongyi , Xie Xin , Zhong Yanfen
Published: January 2024

Building upon the analytical study of the structural configuration and prestress state of the drum-shaped quad-strut cable dome, we conducted further investigation into its structural configuration. By employing the nodal equilibrium equations to solve the prestress state analysis of the cable dome, we compared the effects of two different cable laying methods on the prestress state of the cable dome structure. These methods include equal length of the radial horizontal projection of the upper chord ridge cables and equal radial chord length of the upper chord ridge cables. The analysis results show that the radial length of the top chord and its corresponding radial horizontal projection length of the cable dome structure can effectively reflect the trend of the prestress state of the structural configuration. Furthermore, by using a rise-to-span ratio of 0.11 as a threshold, the cable dome configuration is categorized into the flat spheroidal structural configuration and the small hemispheroidal structural configuration. When the structure is analyzed using a small rise-to-span ratio, the difference in prestress calculations between the two structural configurations is found to be less than 10%. Additionally, the structure exhibits a more uniform distribution of prestress, with the prestress gradually increasing from the inner circle to the outer circle. However, when the rise-to-span ratio increases, the difference between the prestress calculation results of the two configurations also increases, emphasizing the need to deploy upper chord ridge cables based on equal radial chord lengths (arc lengths). The research presented in this paper provides a novel insight into the structural topological form and prestress state calculation of cable domes with this configuration.
Urban Building Energy Modeling to Support Climate-Sensitive Planning in the Suburban Areas of Santiago de Chile
Authors: Mutani Guglielmina , Alehasin Maryam , Yang Huisi , Zhang Xiaotong , Felmer Gabriel
Published: January 2024

Greenhouse gas emissions depend on natural and anthropic phenomena; however, to reduce emissions, we can only intervene in terms of anthropic causes. Human activity is very different in various countries and cities. This is mainly due to differences in the type of urban environment, climatic conditions, socioeconomic context, government stability, and other aspects. Urban building energy modeling (UBEM), with a GIS-based approach, allows the evaluation of all the specific characteristics of buildings, population, and urban context that can describe energy use and its spatial distribution within a city. In this paper, a UBEM is developed using the characteristics and consumption of eight typical buildings (archetypes) in the climate zone of Santiago de Chile. The archetype-based UBEM is then applied to the commune of Renca, a critical suburb of Santiago, with the use of QGIS to analyze the energy demand for space heating and the potential for energy saving after four retrofitting interventions. Knowing the costs of the retrofitting interventions and the energy price, the simple payback time was evaluated with the reduction in GHG emissions. Starting from the actual building stock, the results show that the most effective retrofitting intervention for the commune of Renca is the thermal insulation of walls and roofs; due to the type of dwellings, this particular intervention could be more convenient if associated with the installation of solar technologies. This methodology can be replicated with the data used by urban planners and public administrations available for many Chilean cities and in other countries.
On Energy Efficiency of Night Window Shutters for a Non-Residential Building in Three Major Romanian Cities
Authors: Udrea Ioana , Cananau Sorin , Popa Romeo-Traian
Published: January 2024

An estimation by simulation of the heating energy saving in the cold season due to heavily insulated exterior window shutters closed at night was performed for a low-rise to mid-rise office building in the following three major Romanian cities: Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca and Iasi. All three locations are in a wet temperate continental climate region. The studied building, whose number of floors was varied from 3 to 22, has a rectangle-shaped floor surface. The considered shutters, covering at night only the pane of the window, were assumed to be EPS panels with various thicknesses. In addition to its height more parameters related to the building were varied: its orientation, the height of the windows, the width of the building and the internal gains produced by building lights and equipment. Finally, some short evaluations were performed for a low-U glazing. For the initial glazing used in the simulation, very good potential savings were found. As the assumed heavily insulated shutters do not exist in the Romanian market, three possible design ideas for such shutters have been sketched at the end, all involving a system of guide rails.
Technological Innovation Cooperation in Mega Construction Projects: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Wang Qing’e , Guo Zhenxu , Pan Liying , Li Yi
Published: January 2024

Due to the dynamic and complex nature of mega construction projects (MCPs), mega construction project risks (MCPRs) have significantly increased in recent years. Technological innovation cooperation (TIC) is accepted as an approach to solve these issues. However, considering the new technological innovation challenges, technological innovation risks (TIRs) have been identified as a limitation of TIC. This study aims to develop a conceptual framework to explain TIC for MCPs. It is based on a review of the literature, engineering practice, and logical reasoning. The conceptual framework describes the interaction between MCPRs and TIC. It points out that MCPRs drive technological innovation, and technological innovation objectives guide the TIC. TIC has a negative effect on solving TIRs, and TIRs positively affect MCPRs. Cooperation performance will mediate the relationship between TIC and MCPRs. The conceptual framework may provide a theoretical basis to guide future empirical studies that validate the relationship between MCPRs and TIC and puts forward reasonable suggestions for MCPs.
Immune Escape Strategies in Head and Neck Cancer: Evade, Resist, Inhibit, Recruit
Authors: Kostecki Kourtney L. , Iida Mari , Crossman Bridget E. , Salgia Ravi , Harari Paul M. , Bruce Justine Y. , Wheeler Deric L.
Published: January 2024

Head and neck cancers (HNCs) arise from the mucosal lining of the aerodigestive tract and are often associated with alcohol use, tobacco use, and/or human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Over 600,000 new cases of HNC are diagnosed each year, making it the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Historically, treatments have included surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, and while these treatments are still the backbone of current therapy, several immunotherapies have recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in HNC. The role of the immune system in tumorigenesis and cancer progression has been explored since the early 20th century, eventually coalescing into the current three-phase model of cancer immunoediting. During each of the three phases—elimination, equilibrium, and escape—cancer cells develop and utilize multiple strategies to either reach or remain in the final phase, escape, at which point the tumor is able to grow and metastasize with little to no detrimental interference from the immune system. In this review, we summarize the many strategies used by HNC to escape the immune system, which include ways to evade immune detection, resist immune cell attacks, inhibit immune cell functions, and recruit pro-tumor immune cells.
Prevalence and Distribution of MUTYH Pathogenic Variants, Is There a Relation with an Increased Risk of Breast Cancer?
Authors: Peña-López Jesús , Jiménez-Bou Diego , Ruíz-Gutiérrez Icíar , Martín-Montalvo Gema , Alameda-Guijarro María , Rueda-Lara Antonio , Ruíz-Giménez Leticia , Higuera-Gómez Oliver , Gallego Alejandro , Pertejo-Fernández Ana , Sánchez-Cabrero Darío , Feliu Jaime , Rodríguez-Salas Nuria
Published: January 2024

Background: MUTYH has been implicated in hereditary colonic polyposis and colorectal carcinoma. However, there are conflicting data refgarding its relationship to hereditary breast cancer. Therefore, we aimed to assess if MUTYH mutations contribute to breast cancer susceptibility. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 3598 patients evaluated from June 2018 to June 2023 at the Hereditary Cancer Unit of La Paz University Hospital, focusing on those with detected MUTYH variants. Results: Variants of MUTYH were detected in 56 patients (1.6%, 95%CI: 1.2–2.0). Of the 766 patients with breast cancer, 14 patients were carriers of MUTYH mutations (1.8%, 95%CI: 0.5–3.0). The prevalence of MUTYH mutation was significantly higher in the subpopulation with colonic polyposis (11.3% vs. 1.1%, p < 0.00001, OR = 11.2, 95%CI: 6.2–22.3). However, there was no significant difference in the prevalence within the subpopulation with breast cancer (1.8% vs. 1.5%, p = 0.49, OR = 1.2, 95%CI: 0.7–2.3). Conclusion: In our population, we could not establish a relationship between MUTYH and breast cancer. These findings highlight the necessity for a careful interpretation when assessing the role of MUTYH mutations in breast cancer risk.
Aberrant DNA Methylation of NPTX2 as an Indicator of Malignant Behavior in Thymic Epithelial Tumors
Authors: Kondo Kazuya , Muguruma Kyoka , Soejima Shiho , Takai Chikako , Kenzaki Koichiro , Kawakita Naoya , Toba Hiroaki , Takizawa Hiromitsu
Published: January 2024

Thymic epithelial tumors (TET) consist of thymomas, thymic carcinoma (TC), and neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus (NECTT). Genetic and epigenetic alterations in TET have been the focus of recent research. In the present study, genome-wide screening was performed on aberrantly methylated CpG islands in TET, and this identified neuronal pentraxin 2 (NTPX2) as a significantly hypermethylated CpG island in TC relative to thymomas. NPTX2 is released from pre-synaptic cells in response to neuronal activity/seizure, and plays a role in host immunity and acute inflammation. TET samples were obtained from 38 thymomas, 25 TC, and 6 NECTT. The DNA methylation, mRNA, and protein expression levels of NPTX2 were examined. The DNA methylation rate of the NPTX2 gene was significantly higher in TC than in the normal thymus and thymomas, except B3. The mRNA expression level of NPTX2 was lower in TC than in the normal thymus. An inverse relationship was observed between mRNA expression levels and methylation levels. Relapse-free survival was shorter in patients with high NPTX2 DNA methylation levels than in those with low DNA methylation levels. NECTT showed very high mRNA and protein expression levels and low DNA methylation levels of NPTX2. NPTX2 may function as a tumor suppressor in TC, and have an oncogenic function in NECTT.
Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in 2H-MoS2 Basal Planes Enhanced by Surface Electron Accumulation
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Vimal , Bangolla Hemanth Kumar , Chen Chi-Yang , Huang Yu-Ting , Cheng Cheng-Maw , Ulaganathan Rajesh Kumar , Sankar Raman , Lee Kuei-Yi , Du He-Yun , Chen Li-Chyong , Chen Kuei-Hsieh , Chen Ruei-San
Published: January 2024

An innovative strategy has been developed to activate the basal planes in molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) to improve their electrocatalytic activity by controlling surface electron accumulation (SEA) through aging, annealing, and nitrogen-plasma treatments. The optimal hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance was obtained on the surface treated with nitrogen-plasma for 120 s. An overpotential of 0.20 V and a Tafel slope of 120 mV dec−1 were achieved for the optimized condition. The angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurement confirmed the HER efficiency enhanced by the SEA conjugated with the sulfur vacancy active sites in the MoS2 basal planes. This study provides new insight into optimizing MoS2 catalysts for energy applications.