bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution of legal understanding in Western philosophy
Authors: Zyryanov Aleksey V. , Babenko Andrey N.
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of research approaches to legal understanding in Western philosophy, starting from the ancient Greek period and ending with the second half of the 20th century. The aim of the work is to form a comprehensive understanding of the historically changing types of comprehending law (including, such areas as naturalism, moralism, traditionalism, normativism, positivism, sociologism, and realism) revealed in three aspects: formation factors, essence and criticism. The work was carried out within the framework of the modern scientific paradigm, which implies taking into account the plurality, complementarity and interdisciplinarity of approaches to the study of the surrounding world. In the context of evolution methodology, attention is drawn to the conditions of diversity, «heredity» and «mutation» of existing and existed types of philosophical views regarding the nature and essence of law. As a result of the study of the legal positions of such thinkers as Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, Thomas Aquinas, Grotius, Suarez, Pufendorf, Coke, Hale, Blackstone, Hobbes, Bentham, Kant, Austin, Kelsen, Hart, Raz, Dworkin, Fennis, Ross, and Llewellyn, an attempt was made to demonstrate the evolution of philosophical reflection on the factorial transformation of social and state reality, which contributes to “stitching of matter” of Western ideas about legal reality. The area of research implication correlates with the range of interests of scientists and professional subjects of the political and legal sphere interested in objectifying knowledge about the traditional foundations of European legal understanding, which manifest themselves in modern law enforcement practice. It can be concluded that the emergence of philosophy of law paradigms, which signifies “adaptation” to the challenges of the modern era, will ultimately determine how law and legal institutions will be understood and developed in the future.
Issues of the shipowner's liability for damage caused by oil pollution from sea-going vessels
Authors: Aleksenko Aleksandra I. , Kasatkina Aleksandra S.
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to the review and study of some issues of shipowners' liability for environmental pollution damage by oil products from sea-going vessels. Relevance of the work derives from the growing number of court cases in the Russian Federation, weak elaboration of the issue in the Russian scientific literature, and a lack of the unified law enforcement approach. The authors investigate international and national regulation, foreign and Russian law enforcement practices and come to the conclusion about necessity to bring the latter in compliance with international rules in force in the Russian Federation.
Digital disputes in the new legal reality
Authors: Rusakova Ekaterina P. , Frolova Evgenia E.
Published: September 2022

The article presents the authors’ view on the ongoing changes in the process of resolving new “digital” disputes. The authors assess the global practice of resolving digital disputes through arbitration, as well as the new form of digital rights protection - blockchain arbitration. They analyze regulation of the new procedure for the protection of digital rights in foreign practice. The authors believe that the developed foreign experience in resolving smart contracts is progressive and effective. The findings of the research can be outlined as follows: 1) for the first time, special rules for resolving digital disputes have been formulated; they have been developed in tight cooperation of lawyers and IT specialists; 2) disputes from smart contracts and blockchain were isolated into a separate form of rights protection; 3) special approaches to settling digital disputes at the stage of concluding smart contracts have been worked out; 4) the process of enhancing the procedure for resolving digital disputes is ongoing.
Review of the monograph by Andreeva, P.N. (2022) The right of the individual to insolation. Yastrebov, O.A. (ed). Moscow, Norma Publ
Authors: Krasnova Irina O.
Published: September 2022

The review of the monograph “The right of the individual to insolation” assesses the content of the work based on Russian and foreign legislation, judicial practice, and doctrinal research. The contribution of the author to the modern theory of law is analyzed. The article contains proposals on research issues and critical remarks.
Review of the 10th International scientific and practical conference. Scientific publication of the international level 2022: from the present to the future
Authors: Gronic Irina A.
Published: September 2022

On the 26-29th April 2022 Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL, Moscow) together with the Association of Science Editors and Publishers (ASEP), Moscow, Russia, organized and held the 10th anniversary International Scientific and Practical Conference “World Class Scientific Publication - 2022: from the present to the future” (ISPC “NIMU - 2022”). About 300 Russian and foreign experts gathered at one site: official representatives of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia, Russian Academy of Sciences, CrossRef, EASE, publishers, editors of Russian and international scientific publications, scientists and researchers from leading universities, including RUDN University. The result of a four-day discussion of topical issues of maintaining high quality and ratings of Russian journals on national and world platforms of the scientific and information space was the adoption of conference resolution.
Mujeres mapuche en la ciudad. Trayectoria de vida y participación política en Santiago de Chile
Authors: Rocío Yon  , Macarena Sepúlveda Tapia  , Rosario Carmona  , Espinoza Claudio
Published: September 2022

El texto analiza la trayectoria política de diez mujeres mapuche en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile. Se basa en una investigación cualitativa cuyas principales técnicas metodológicas fueron la observación participante y la entrevista en profundidad. El texto se apoya en los enfoques de los feminismos decoloniales e indígenas para dar cuenta de las distintas tensiones que se expresan en las trayectorias políticas de estas mujeres, vinculadas a cuestiones como el género, la clase y su identidad mapuche urbana. El artículo revela que a pesar de que la participación política de las mujeres indígenas es heterogénea, se caracteriza por la conformación de redes y búsqueda de alternativas, tanto en espacios autónomos como institucionales.
Recuperación territorial, weychafes y vigilancias. Reflexiones sobre una economía moral de resistencia mapuche
Authors: Leone Miguel
Published: September 2022

Este artículo reflexiona sobre la economía moral existente en espacios mapuche que resisten al avance de las empresas forestales y la represión estatal chilena. Se basa en una investigación etnográfica realizada con una comunidad mapuche particularmente activa en procesos de recuperación territorial. Tres ejes estructuran el análisis: la lógica del sabotaje, la ética del weychafe (guerrero) y la racionalidad del cuidado y el control. El texto tiene tres objetivos: a) propone entender la práctica del sabotaje como una estrategia colectiva de recuperación territorial, b) identifica algunas de las principales características que la figura del weychafe adquiere en la actualidad, y c) sugiere que la constante vigilancia policial a la que están sometidos los activistas mapuche en el Ngulumapu genera un “estado de alerta” que atraviesa el espacio social estudiado.
Morpho-physiological responses and expression analysis of MYB94 transcription factor gene in four groundnut cultivars under drought and salinity stress
Authors:   Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuram-515 003, India, Jagadeesh Kumar N. , Anthony Johnson A.M. ,   Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph College (Autonomous), Bengaluru-560 266, India, Venkatesh B. ,   Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuram-515 003, India, Jayamma N. ,   Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuram-515 003, India, Manohara Reddy B. ,   Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuram-515 003, India
Published: September 2022

Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of salinity stress on morpho-physiological parameters and relative expression of the MYB94 transcription factor gene among four widely cultivated groundnut cultivars. Methodology: A comparative analysis of morpho-physiological parameters was studied in four groundnut cultivars (Kadiri-Amaravati, Kadiri-Lepakshi, Kadiri-6, and Kadiri-9) subjected to different concentrations of NaCl prepared in half-strength Arnon’s nutrient growth medium. The relative expression analysis of a stress responsive transcription factor gene, MYB94 was studied in four groundnut cultivars subjected to drought and NaCl stress by qRT PCR. Results: NaCl stress resulted in a significant increase in proline content, MDA content in cultivar Kadiri-9 compared to other cultivar studied. On the contrary, plant growth, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, leaf relative water content, cell membrane injury decreased to lesser extent in cultivar Kadiri-9 than Kadiri-Amaravati, Kadiri-Lepakshi, Kadiri-6 under salinity stress. qRT-PCR based relative expression analysis of the MYB94 gene revealed a significant increase of transcript expression levels in cultivar Kadiri-9 compared to other three cultivars under both drought and salinity stress. Interpretation: Groundnut cultivar Kadiri-9 showed better tolerance to NaCl stress as evidenced from enhanced proline content, better relative water content and lesser extent of membrane damage when compared with other groundnut cultivars under given NaCl stress treatments. In addition, relative expression of MYB94 gene was significantly higher due to NaCl stress as compared to drought stress conditions in cultivar Kadiri-9 suggested that the MYB94 could be involved in salt stress tolerance. Key words: Groundnut, MYB94 transcription factor, qRT-PCR, Salinity stress
Optimizing zinc foliar spray for zinc fortification and yield improvement in wheat
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Agriculture University, Jodhpur-342 304, India, Singh U. , Dong J. ,   Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing-210 095, China, Jian C. ,   Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing-210 095, China, Hazra K.K. ,   Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721 302, India,   Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208 024, India
Published: September 2022

Aim: To investigate the field efficacy of foliar applied Zn at variable doses and time of application for enriching Zn concentration in different milling fractions of wheat grain and Zn loading capacity of different grain milling fractions. Methodology: A field experiment was carried out involving four graded Zn sprays (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4%) with water-spray as control, applied at flowering stage of wheat crop at weekly intervals.Harvested wheat grains were pearled into nine fractions from the surface to the center using two rice polishers (JNMJ7 and JNMJ6). The rice polishers were able to separate the wheat grain fractions. Zinc concentration in the whole grain and grain fractions (layer 1 to layer 9) of wheat samples were digested with di-acid mixture and estimated on an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Results: Foliar application of Zn (0.3-0.4% Zn) at 14 or 21 days after flowering (DAF) increased Zn in whole grain by 15.3-17.0 mg kg-1 (p < 0.05). Zn spray enhanced Zn concentration in all the grain layers i.e. 1st to 9th layers (L), albeit in endosperm layers (L3-L8) by a maximum of 10.8 mg kg-1. However, Zn loading capacity differed in different fractions and was in the order L8>L6>L7>L5≥ L4≥L3 (p < 0.05). Interpretation: Foliar spray of Zn in wheat with optimum dose (0.3-0.4%) and time (14-21 DAF) can enhance Zn acquisition and loading to grain endosperm with a higher yield. Key words: Foliar spray, Grain yield, Wheat, Zinc biofortification
Biochemical properties of different species of seaweeds (Grateloupia) from the Indian coast and analysis of spatial variation in two selected species
Authors:   ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova-400 061, India, Chellamanimegalai P. , Balange A.K. ,   ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova-400 061, India, Kumar A.P. ,   ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova-400 061, India, Dwivedi A. ,   ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova-400 061, India, Deshmukhe G. ,   ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova-400 061, India
Published: September 2022

Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the biochemical composition of five Grateloupia species and analysis of spatial variation in G. filicina and G. lithophila from the East and West coast of India. Methodology: Five Grateloupia species such as G. filicina, G. lithophila, G. catenata, G. orientalis and G. indica were collected from different states of India. Biochemical parameters like crude protein, total lipid, total ash, carbohydrates, total dietary fibre, chlorophyll, carotenoids, and total phenolic content were estimated to assess their nutritional values. Spatial variation for same parameters was also studied for G. filicina and G. lithophila. Results: It was observed that genus Grateloupia contained crude protein (12.4-16%), total lipid (0.61-1.47%), ash (11.49-18.03%), carbohydrate (5.17-17.21%), and total dietary fibre (54.08-66.16%) on a dry weight basis. Among all species, G. indica (16.00%) and G. filicina (15.48%) consisted of higher protein content. In contrast, G. orientalis (66.16%) and G. catenata (61.25%) had a maximum of total dietary fibre. The digestible energy obtained from Grateloupia was high, ranging from 85.93-141.29 kcal. Carotenoids (9.52-32.10 mg 100g-1) and total phenolic contents (TPC) (0.508-0.696 mg GAE g-1) represented the potential antioxidant activities of these Grateloupia species. Spatial variation in the biochemical composition of G. filicina and G. lithophila may be due to changes in the environmental factors. Interpretation: Biochemical compositions of these five species were similar to other edible Grateloupia species like G. turuturu and G. filicina. The results revealed that these species could be used for consumption purposes. Key words: Fibre, Grateloupia, Nutritional property, Phenols, Species, Spatial variation
Assessing genetic diversity in rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush) using morphological characters
Authors:   Department of Fruit Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004, India, Rattanpal H.S. , Uppal G.S. ,   Department of Fruit Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004, India, Gupta M. ,   Department of Fruit Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004, India, Gill B.S. ,   Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004, India
Published: September 2022

Aim: To assess genetic diversity and relationship among important horticultural traits in rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush). Methodology: The study was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana on seventeen strains of rough lemon. Data was recorded for vegetative, fruiting and productivity parameters. Genetic variability and relationship among important horticultural traits were assessed by analyzing data with Microsoft Excel and Minitab 18 software. Results: There was wide variability among seventeen genotypes of rough lemon. Little difference between genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) for majority of traits confirmed low environmental influence on the characters under study. High heritability with high to moderate genetic gain for fruit weight (69.49% and 36.50%), fruit length (95.24% and 40.62%), fruit diameter (93% and 32.23%), spine length (98.30% and 70.56%), acidity (95.07% and 40.18%) and fruit axis diameter (94.71% and 64.14%) suggested additive gene action and ability of improvement through selection. Strong character association of fruit number/tree and fruit axis diameter with yield revealed that these are the most important characteristics to be considered for effective selection in favour of high yield. Similarly, Principal Component Analysis showed high association between leaf lamina length and fruit size characters. Interpretation: This research suggests a high genetic diversity among the genotypes of rough lemon and valuable correlations were observed between different traits of economic significance. The findings of this study can be used in future crop improvement programmes for developing desirable varieties. Key words: Citrus jambhiri, Cluster analysis, Genetic diversity
Phytochemical investigation and evaluation of acaricidal activities of Datura stramonium fruits against Rhipicephalus microplus
Authors:   Fisheries & Animal Resources Department, Government of Odisha, Bhubaneswar-753 001, India, Dalei M.K. , Dehuri M. ,   Dept. of Veterinary Parasitology, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751 003, India, Palai S. ,   Veterinary Pharmacology, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751 003, India, Mohanty B.N. ,   Dept. of Veterinary Parasitology, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751 003, India, Kuppusamy S. ,   Department of Soils and Environment, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University , Madurai-625 104, India, Panda M.R. ,   Dept. of Veterinary Parasitology, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751 003, India
Published: September 2022

Aim: The present study focused on the evaluation of acaricidal efficacy of ethanolic extract of fruits of Datura stramonium against cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus in-vitro. The ethanolic extract of fruits of Datura stramonium were analysed for the presence of phytochemicals responsible for antitick activities. Methodology: The fruits of Datura stramonium were dried, blended, powdered and extracted in ethanol using Soxhlet’s apparatus. In-vitro tests like Adult Immersion Test and Larval Packet Test were utilized to assess the effect of plant extract by utilizing engorged R. microplus female. Reproductive Index, Inhibition of oviposition, adult and larval mortality of female ticks were observed. The phytochemicals present in the ethanolic fruits extract of D. stramonium were assessed by Gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy. Results: The present study indicated anti tick activities of ethanolic extract of Datura stramonium fruit against Rhipicephalus microplus by reporting a mortality of 66.67%, Reproductive Index (0.11-0.16), Inhibition of oviposition ( 70.62%) and larval mortality (65%) at 100 mg ml-1 and LC50 value was determined to be 61.66 mg ml-1. There was dose dependant mortality of adult and larva and inhibition of reproduction. The ethanolic fraction's spectral examination revealed 31 components, with the presence of 2(4H)-Benzofuranone, 5,6,7,7a-(7.24), Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (9.16), 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester (9.35), 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid (15.17), 2-Propenoic acid, 3-phenyl-, methyl ester (32.87) as major phytocompounds. Interpretation: These results showed that ethanolic extract of Datura stramonium fruits are source of phytochemicals with antitick activities. The findings would be useful to the pharmaceutical industries for developing of ecologically friendly natural acaricides. Key words: Acaricides, Datura stramonium, Ethanolic extract, Rhipicephalus microplus, Ticks
Infestation of sporocysts of parasite Leucochloridium in the snails Succinea daucina and Indosuccinea semiserica
Authors:   Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata-700 019, India, Nandy G. , Barman H. ,   Department of Zoology, Ramnagar College, Purba Medinipur-721 453, India, Pramanik S. ,   Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata-700 019, India, Paul K. ,   Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata-700 019, India, Kundu D. ,   Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata-700 019, India, Ash A. ,   Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan-713 104, India, Aditya G. ,   Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata-700 019, India
Published: September 2022

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the differential beating rate of the parasite Leucochloridium within the tentacle of the infected snail Succinea daucina and Indosuccinea semiserica under different photoperiodic conditions. Methodology: In this study, the rhythmic beating pulse of sporocyst of the parasite invading the tentacle of the snail was recorded from multiple snails, periodically in light and dark hours. The numbers of beat per minute were subjected to univariate ANOVA using day and photoperiod as explanatory variables. A two-sample t-test was performed with the mean of pulse rate in light and dark phase to estimate the significant differences between the same. Results: The observations revealed that sporocyst brood sac of I. semiserica beat mean 99.23 ± 1.91 SE per minute ( 90 – 101) in day hours and mean 76.57 ± 4.64 SE per minute (48 – 88) in the night hours (n = 7 observations). In S. daucina, the sporocyst brood sac beat 65.85 ± 2.17 SE per minute (25 – 94) during day and 30.5 ± 3.55 SE per minute (0 – 80) in night (n = 9 separate observations). The beats of the sporocyst varied significantly diurnally and with the consecutive days revealed through t-test and ANOVA. Interpretation: Apparently, the colourful sporocyst broodsac of Leucochloridium faster beating rate under light may attract definite host, the insectivorous birds which prey on the Leucochloridium sporocycst disrupting the snail tentacle. Thus, the pulsating sporocyst inside the tentacle makes the infected host snail more conspicuous for the birds, linking the snail- Leucochloridium- bird cycle. Key words: Indosuccinea semiserica, Intermediate host, Land snail, Leucochloridium sp., Succinea daucina, Trematoda
Oxidative stress response as biomarker of exposure of a freshwater invertebrate model organism (Unio mancus Lamarck, 1819) to antifouling copper pyrithione
Authors: Paçal Elif , Gümüş Aşkım , Günal Çağlan , Erkmen Belda , Arslan Pınar , Yıldırım Zuhal , Erkoç Figen
Published: September 2022

Sublethal effects of copper pyrithione (CuPT) on an invertebrate model
organism, freshwater mussel (Unio mancus), were assessed using oxidative
stress parameters and histopathology. The environmentally relevant
concentration of 5 ?g/l copper pyrithione was applied as a 96 h semi-static
exposure. MDA levels in digestive gland (DG) significantly increased,
compared to a control group (p < 0.001). Gill MDA levels also increased, but
not significantly (p > 0.05). GSH level in DG increased significantly (p <
0.05), and gill tissue levels also increased but not significantly (p >
0.05). Levels of SOD, GPx activities, and AOPP levels did not change
significantly (p > 0.05). The most prominent histopathological alterations
in the gills were haemocyte infiltration, lipofuscin aggregates and lamellar
deformations with tubule degeneration and accumulated lipofuscin aggregates
in DG tubules. CuPT impacts antioxidant defense systems even during
sublethal exposure of Unio mancus as the freshwater model organism.
8 MHz High Efficient Resonant SEPIC Converter Design for LED Driver of Endoscopy Systems
Authors: Çorak İrem , Çetin Sevilay
Published: September 2022

In this work, a light emitting diode (LED) driver design based on resonant SEPIC converter is presented for using in Endoscopy Systems. The resonant SEPIC converter operating with soft switching is good candidate to reduce the power consumption and increase the efficiency. In the design of the converter, the operation frequency is selected as 8 MHz in order to increase power density as well. The design of the converter is built based on voltage driven rectifier proposed in the literature to simplify the design procedure. Finally, the performance of the converter is verified on a prototype loaded with a LED, which has high power density. The maximum efficiency of the converter is measured around 84.5% while the output voltage is 2.82 V and the output current is around 1.02 A.
Experimental Study On Heat Transfer Performance Of Solar Thermoelectric Generators Using MWCNT-Distilled Water And GNP-Distilled Water Nanofluids As Coolants
Authors: BEN SAOUD Abdalhakım , ALAKOUR Abdulla , GEDİK Engin
Published: September 2022

The solar thermoelectric generators (STEGs) have emerged during the past decade as a promising substitutional among other green power production systems. A solar thermoelectric generator (STEG) is a system that can generate electrical energy directly from solar energy without any intermediate energy forms such as work in the traditional power generation systems. Recent developments in solar thermoelectric generator have achieved several improvements as a result of its optimized systems such as concentrated systems and also the boosts from nanotechnology. In this study, a concentrator thermoelectric generator (CTEG) using Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs), and Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) dispersed in distilled water as base fluid was investigated experimentally. The CTEG system was designed, constructed in Karabük University Energy Systems labs, Turkey and have been commissioned outdoor by testing, balancing and adjusting. Experiments were performed for 0.25 wt.% nanoparticle mass concentration of MWCNTs-distilled water and GNPs-distilled water nanofluids with a constant volume rate of flow (ν ̇=0.5 L/min). Experiments study aimed to study effect of nanoparticle types on thermal and electrical energetic efficiency. The obtained results showed that the CTEG is enable to generate (Emax=3.7 W) of electrical power output for an average temperature difference of 38°C. MWCNTs-distilled water nanofluid presented an enhancement in electrical performance more than GNPs-distilled water nanofluid and distilled water, while GNPs-distilled water nanofluid presented maximum thermal increment. The total efficiency for the day-long periods were 16.34%, 24.03% and 20.21% for distilled water, GNPs-distilled water, MWCNTs-distilled water respectively. The results of the study made a solid basics about the prospects of CTEG applications related with nanotechnology to be one of the potential choices for cooling technique by using different types of nanofluids as coolants.
Contribution of Xmn I Polymorphism in the Variation of Hemoglobin F in Thalassemia Intermedia Patients in Pakistan
Authors: S Ashraf
Published: September 2022

Background: The −158 (C→T) nucleotide change, known as Xmn I polymorphism, occurs in G γ-globin gene promoter and may result in elevated fetal hemoglobin (HbF). However some studies did not find any association of HbF with the mutation. This study was taken to confirm the influence of Xmn-I polymorphism on HbF production in thalassemia intermedia patients in Pakistani population. Methods: Blood samples from 100 known thalassemia intermedia patients were collected and analyzed for Xmn -I polymorphism and levels of hemoglobin F. Results: High levels of HbF were found in Thalassemia intermedia patients being heterozygous and homozygous for Xmn -I polymorphism. Conclusion: Xmn I polymorphism (C-T) of the G γ-globin gene promoter is associated with increased expression of the G γ-globin gene, higher production of HbF and lesser clinical severity.
Changes in Loc285758 Expression in Response to Cytarabine- Based Treatment in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: G Tamaddon
Published: September 2022

Long non-coding RNAs are non-coding RNAs, which contribute to different biological processes. The expression of these RNAs alters in various diseases. This study aimed to compare the expression of long non-coding RNA genes in newly diagnosed patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia and to evaluate their response to cytarabine-based treatment. In this cross-sectional study, approved by the Ethics Committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (Shiraz, Iran), the expression of LOC285758, IRAIN, and HOTAIR was examined in de novo AML patients at Namazi Teaching Hospital during 2019-2020. The patients, treated with standard regimens, were compared with the controls, using quantitative real time- polymerase chain reaction assay. After whole blood samples were collected from the subjects, total RNA was extracted by Trizol reagent from whole blood. Next, cDNA was synthesized, and the expression levels of LOC285758, HOTAIR, and IRAIN were analyzed by RT-PCR assay, using SYBER Green Master Mix and 2 -ΔΔCt method. The results showed that the expression of LOC285758 was significantly upregulated in AML patients, compared to the controls (P< 0.001). After complete remission, the expression of LOC285758 was re-evaluated in patients. It was found that LOC285758 was significantly downregulated in de novo AML patients (P=0.001). The expression of HOTAIR, similar to IRAIN, did not change in de novo AML patients, whereas it was downregulated in patients with complete remission, compared to the controls. The present findings indicated that LOC285758 could discriminate AML patients from the healthy controls and indicate the patients’ response to treatment.
Apoptosis Induction of Ganoderic Acid-A by Downregulating miR- 125b and miR-365a-3p in Nalm-6 cells
Authors: G Tamaddon
Published: September 2022

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common leukemia in children, which is associated with a high relapse rate despite prevalent therapies. Ganoderic acid-A (GAA) is one of the bioactive compounds of Ganoderma lucidum, which possesses potential antileukemic properties. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the GAA extract on the expression of microRNA and the apoptosis induction in the BCP-ALL cell line. In this case-control study, NALM-6 Cells were treated with the GAA extract and L-asparaginase separately. The cell viability and apoptosis rates were examined using MTT and flow cytometry, respectively. Moreover, the effect of the GAA on the expression of miR-125b and miR-365a-3p, in comparison to L-asparaginase, was studied using RT-PCR. The GAA extract inhibited the cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, the GAA extract significantly induced apoptosis compared to L-asparaginase (P=0.0021 vs. P=0.0112). The results showed that the treatment of Nalm-6 cells with GAA significantly reduced the expression of miR-125b (P< 0.0001) and miR-365a-3p (P= 0.0001). Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the downregulation of miR-125b and miR-365a-3p was surprisingly higher in the GA-treated Nalm-6 cells than in L-asparaginase-treated Nalm-6 cells. According to the findings, the GAA extract has antileukemic effects and can be used as a promising agent with fewer side effects in all treatments.
Genetic Parameter Estimates of Guinea Fowl (Numida Meleagris) in South-South Region of Nigeria
Authors: VN Ebegbulem
Published: September 2022

This study aimed at estimating heritability and repeatability of body weight and somebody parameters of Nigerian guinea fowls. Forty eight dams mated to specific sires in a nested experimental design produced offspring identified sire lines. Data collected at 4, 8 and 12 weeks of age respectively were subjected to analysis of variance. The body traits were: body circumference, thigh length, shank length and breast length. Results showed that heritability for BWT ranged from 0.40 ─ 0.81, while repeatability estimates were at a range 0.20 ─ 0.40 at 8 -12 weeks of age respectively. Body circumference was estimated to be 0.66 ─ 0.84 heritable and 0.33 ─ 0.42 repeatable. Heritability for body weight and linear body traits generally increased with age. It was concluded that mass selection can be employed from eight weeks of age for the improvement of the guinea fowl given the high estimates obtained in this study.
Do Red Foxes (Vulpes Vulpes) Increase the Detectability of Scent Marks by Selecting Highly Conspicuous Substrates
Authors: G Jiang
Published: September 2022

In mammals, especially those that are nocturnal or crepuscular, chemical marks usually play a significant role as environmental labels. Scent marks in mammals can have many functions, including territorial defense and communication signals in the mating season. Furthermore, animals can increase the detectability of marks by selecting highly conspicuous locations and substrates on which to mark, such as stones and sticks, on or around faeces, other animal carcasses, anthropogenic features, and plants. Human-carnivore interactions can result in a conflict where perceived damage to livelihoods occurs in socio-economically poor areas. In the Shigar Valley, Karakorum Range, Pakistan, subsistence mixed farming is the predominant land use and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are widely persecuted. Understanding the effects of human activity and habitat factors on fox behaviors in the region are lacking. We used line transect surveys aided by a domestic dog (Canis familiaris) to detect fox faeces locations and characterize fox den form 2015-16-17. We encountered 467 fox scats by dog assistance. We tested for associations between scent deposition, and environmental variables including vegetation and substrate type, distribution of livestock carcasses and dung, roads and agricultural land at micro-habitat. We found more fox scats on aromatic plants, shrubs, and on or near livestock feaces and carcasses. Fox scent marking site selection varied for forested and shrub areas relative to open grassland or barren ground and vegetation cover and tree density at the microhabitat scale. The findings suggest that foxes do not avoid human activity per se and anthropogenic benefits (road kill, livestock carrion, crop food sources) may outweigh the costs of persecution. Foxes may also provide ecosystem benefits via seed dispersal, carrion removal and regulation of prey populations.
A Narrative Review on the Stereo Behaviours of Zebras (Perissodactyla: Equidae)
Authors: A Kabir
Published: September 2022

Unlike horses, zebras are somewhat the asses or donkeys. Zebras are very flighty animals, so they cannot tame easily. To protect this cute hoofed mammal, we should understand their all behaviours. Any reviews on this fact may help to accumulate all sorts of behaviours. Out of 10 behaviours of zebra, the result suggested that 8 were instinct behaviour (social, reproductive, escaping, feeding, migratory, aggressive, joyful, painful), learning behaviour was 1, and 1 so-called abnormal behaviour (dustbathing). To assess the instinct behaviours is more significant than the other expressions that allow their conservation in wild or captivity.
Fascination on Animals of Kids and College Students in Bangladesh
Authors: A Kabir
Published: September 2022

To conserve wildlife, this is very urgent to understand the mentality of people. This observation would show the exact scenario of the affection of animals. The questionnaire method suggested significant results for 275 students (58.18% female and 41.82% male) two 65.09% used to enjoy the animal-related channels. 88.36% of students showed sympathy for weak and stray animals, and their loving score on animals was 43.64%. In their house, they kept pet animals (60%). In addition, 66.91% showed a conservation attitude toward watching animal-related channels. Only 27.27% of students preserved some book on animals with their textbooks. Many students (84.73%) expressed a positive attitude toward establishing animal rights for their conservation. When students carried those live animals from the market, most used a cage (73.45%). 59.27% of students were not involved in buying animal models from the markets, and 78.18% had no animal photographs on the wall in their residences. From childhood, many students engaged in keeping some domestic or wild animals in their homes.
Antiviral Agents and Biological Preparations for Agriculture Based on Artificial Glycan-Glycolipid Complexes
Authors: NI Adamchuk-Chala
Published: September 2022

On the way of development of antiviral agents for agriculture, artificial glycan-glycolipid complexes (GGC) were created from glucan, which was the component of mycelium of basidiomicotafungi Ganoderma adspersum (Schulzer) Donk. Other constituents are extracellular glucouronoxylomannan of basidiomicota fungi Tre-mella mesenteric Ritz. Fr., mannan from Candida maltosa cells. Ramnolipid of Pseudomonas sp. PS-17 is used as a compound agent, аnd GGC fractions (liposomes and supernatant) have an inhibit in gactivity against virus of tabacum mosaic (VТM) of datura (Datura stramonium (L.) and tabacum (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants up-sensitive to this virus. Under by the treatment of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Seeds bio formulations, the plant resistance to mosaic virus infections (diseases) and the reflection of leaf light spectra, which characterized of chlorophill sunder field conditions, are increased. Using the electron microscope method of investigation, the structures of microcenoses as well as liposoms were found out in the near-root plant zone, which indicates on the lack of impact to the processes of plant-rhyzospheric microorganism’s interactions. The investigation has shown that pre-sowing bacterization by Brady rhizobium japonicum UCM B-6018 in combination with GGC-3 preparation promotes the crop increase in field experiments.
Empirical Study of Dragonfly, Neurobasis Chinesis as Ecological Indicator in the Freshwater Streams of Keeriparai Forest Eco System of Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu
Authors: JK Newport
Published: September 2022

This paper focuses on the dragonfly Neurobasis chinesis, which belongs to Odonate family, and their existence determines the health of an eco-system. The Nerobasis chinesis is also called as gossamer, due to the coloration of their wings. The study of Neurobasis chinesis dragonfly was initiated in the tail-end hill ranges of the Western Ghats, viz., Kanyakumari District (Keeriparai Forest Range). The altitude of the hills ranges from 100 m – 2695 m covered by evergreen forests. Major emphasis was given to observe the Neurobasis chinesis dragon fly, from various breeding habitats, viz., slow flowing streams, spring pool and rocky pool. The occurrence of Neurobasis chinesis dragon fly was observed against water quality and abundance of plants. We could only see a trend towards Neurobasis chinesis dragonfly occurring in fresh water streams at particular altitude in abundance. Neurobasis chinesis dragonfly species richness therefore appears to be positively associated with vascular plants they feed in fresh water habitat and also unpolluted water steams.
Global and Local Upsurge in Monkey pox Epidemic: Current Trends, Challenges and Future Prospects
Authors: SS Enitan
Published: September 2022

Amidst global relaxation of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) intervention measures and celebration of the unprecedented grounds conquered in the fight against the pandemic, the monkeypox virus (MPXV) has emerged and remerged in many countries taking over major headlines around the globe at the present. Since 1 January and as of 22 June 2022, 50 nations and territories in five WHO Regions (Africa, America, Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, and Western Pacific) have reported 3413 laboratory-confirmed cases; along with one fatality. The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) received notice of a possible monkeypox epidemic in Bayelsa State on September 22, 2017. Thereafter, from Bayelsa to Rivers, Ekiti, Akwa Ibom, Lagos, Ogun and Cross River, the scourge of Monkeypox has continue to escalate five (5) years after the disease was first reported in Nigeria. An aggregate of 716 suspected cases have been recorded from 25 states nationwide between September 2017 and June 26, 2022. There have been 288 (40.2 percent) confirmed cases from 25 states out of the 716 suspected cases. So far, nine (9) deaths in total (CFR=3.1%) have been reported in 6 states between September 2017 and June 2022. At the moment, the following challenges are preventing the country from containing the virus effectively: 1) Low patient use of healthcare facilities because of stigma, cost, and low fatality rate; 2) Underreporting of cases due to inadequate access to healthcare facilities; 3) Low sample collection rate in reporting states; 4) Poor infectious disease laboratories support in remote areas; 5) Corruption and lack of political will by current administration to fight the virus; 6) Weak monkeypox monitoring, possibly related to a limited health workforce and the COVID 19 pandemic response; 7) A lack of international cooperation, unity, and coordination in the pursuit of establishing global health equity; and 8) Lack of access to authorized and safe treatment and vaccine among other things. Despite these challenges, a monkeypox-free Nigeria is possible. To this end, a safe and effective immunization of the public, as with smallpox, polio and yellow fever, is the key to the future. Until, a safe and effective vaccine becomes readily available, control and prevention lies largely on non-pharmaceutical intervention measures.
Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Severity in Covid-19 Patients in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: K Junaid
Published: September 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease outbreak of 2019 (COVID-19) has developed into a global emergency. COVID-19's severity is strongly correlated with its mortality rate. We aimed to examine the demographic, medical, laboratory, and imaging characteristics of 120 patients affected by COVID-19. Methods: 120 COVID-19 infected- patients who tested positive from the throat swab specimen on quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (q RT-PCR) were included. Demographic, clinical, radiographic, and laboratory data were obtained and analyzed. Results: Male gender, urban residence, current smoker, exposure history, sore-throat, dyspnoea, cough, headache, diarrhea, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive lung disease, and cancer, decreased level of hemoglobin and albumin and increased level of lymphocyte count, leukocyte count, LDH level, D-dimer, serum ferritin, total bilirubin, urea level (p-value < 0.05) were contributing factors towards disease severity. In the binary logistic regression model LDH (OR 1.002, [CI, 1.001-1.003]; p = 0.001), and D-dimer (OR 1.377, [CI, 1.161-1.633]; p=0.001) were independent predictors of disease severity. Conclusion: Appropriate evaluation of prognostic factors and provision of the appropriate interventions in high-risk patients can decrease the mortality associated with COVID-19
Using Medical Referral Center Cases to Identify the Health Care Deficiencies Among Healthcare Facilities in The Kingdom Saudi Arabia 2021
Authors: Aljerian Nawfal , Arafat Mohammed , Aldhabib Abdulrahman , Almohaimeed Ibrahim , Alsultan Ali , Alhosaini Abdulaziz , Almowina Abdulaziz , Alzuman Omar , Alqarni Talal , Ashry Lyla , Sagor Sondos
Published: September 2022

Introduction: As communities continue to grow and age, the frequency of acute health emergencies in-creases. Notably life‑threatening emergencies, acute exacerbation of chronic diseases, and many other health issues which require rapid assessment, management and need to receive the most attention. To achieve this, any reform must be informed by adequate knowledge of the healthcare system and the health of the nation in general. This study aims to provide this knowledge by highlighting some of the healthcare deficiencies in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data taken from NHCC. data will cover the period from 01/03/2021 to 20/06/2021. The sample size is 5593. Results: A majority of the referral cases came from Riyadh (30.1%) followed by Jizan (21.8%). In relation to referral by specialty, 22.5% were referred to internal medicine, 14.6% were referred to ICU, while 13.1% of the cases were to cardiology. With regards to the reasons for referral, 59.1% of the cases were referred because of lack of specialty, while 38.0% of the cases were referred due to lack of facilities. Conclusion: It can be deduced that sone of the possible healthcare deficiencies is inadequate specialists or facilities in some areas. It means that some regions do not have enough medical personnel to deal with particular conditions. Moreover, it shows that most facilities are not well-prepared and equipped to handle the number and complexity of cases and it is thereby for this reason that they are compelled to refer patients to other facilities with the resources to handle these cases.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Colorectal Cancer Screening in Morocco
Authors: Errami Adil Ait , Aouroud Hala , Krati Khadija
Published: September 2022

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major public health problem. Currently, there are no studies exploring the status of knowledge, attitudes and practices of CRC screening in high-risk populations in Morocco so that effective approaches can be implemented. The objective of the study was: To assess knowledge and awareness of screening methods in the at-risk population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study where the target population was patients with age >45 years and young people with a history of CRC in the family. Results: 210 subjects were recruited, sex ratio M/F=0.85. Mean age = 53 years, 42% lived in rural area and 38% were illiterate; 86% had a family history of CRC or adenoma and 42% were chronic smokers. 96% reported knowledge of CRC. The most known risk factors: smoking (84.2%), alcoholism (68.5%) while 44.2% knew that colonoscopy was the reference method for screening. Most subjects would like to know more (95.0%). More than 90% agreed that early diagnosis improves prognosis. Finally, 44% will start regular screening. Conclusion: Understanding and recognizing the awareness and attitude regarding CRC screening and the reasons for low screening utilization among high-risk populations could help develop appropriate policies for its prevention and control.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation CPR Quality Outcome of Patients with Cardiac Arrest by Using Robotics/ Artificial Intelligence in Hospitals
Authors: Talib Hanadi Saad Bin , Almurashi Afnan Abdaljabbar , Alzahrani Khames T.
Published: September 2022

Background: The life-saving procedure is required rapid and effective methods to keep patients survive. Some literature reviews demonstrate those robotic medical systems like the applications as chest compression manipulators, which applied to enhance the quality during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in hospitals and because the number of studies that talked about the importance of using robotics was few This paper will be discussed Using of robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in hospitals focusing on the level of efficiency of the outcome based on systematic reviews studies. Methods: This is a systematic review is based on collecting all previous articles which were done on the using Cardiopulmonary resuscitation CPR quality outcome of Patients with cardiac arrest by using Robotics/ Artificial Intelligence in hospitals. Results: The review process involved determining the suitability of 46 publications. There were 22 papers that made it through the full text screening and into the final review. The purpose of this research was to assess and improve outcomes for patients with cardiac arrest using robotics/artificial intelligence during CPR in hospitals. Conclusion: Robots and artificial intelligence have created a device that can reduce the risk of saving patients. It is safe, affordable, and accessible in real time, and more precise instrumentation and controls can adapt the massage to the rigidity of the patient's rib cage or clinical presentation.