bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and Comparison of Software Packages in Business Environment Using Scenario-Based Approaches
Authors: Anabtawi Mahasen , Adwan Ibrahim , Odeh Salaheddin
Published: October 2016

The competition between companies to produce software (SW) packages and the wide spread of international standards cause users’ expectations to become increasingly high. Organizations need to measure and evaluate the usability of SW packages. Usability engineering indicates that we must offer better means for structuring, managing and developing Software packages. In this study, there are two systems: first the employed, commercial system and second the developed prototype with computer graphics and multimedia which was designed to overcome the drawbacks of the commercial system. Both systems are used in a business environment to make various transactions as: ordering supplies; purchasing orders; controlling and editing stocks with their balances on shelves. This study is a scenario-based one that tests and evaluates the performance management standards by doing an objective evaluation and assessment between the two systems: the employed commercial system and the prototype. Scenario-based approaches are becoming ubiquitous in system analysis and design. This study uses discrete-event simulation to analyze the user interface UI of both systems. It analyses and evaluates the main components and elements of the interface and its measurements in the computerized systems. The dependent variables are: effectiveness, efficiency, satisfaction, transparency and consistency. The independent variables are: the user interfaces of both systems and the three scenarios.
Suspension System Control with Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Rezaee Alireza , Pajohesh Mazyar
Published: October 2016

In this paper, fuzzy logic is used to control active suspension of one-quarter car model. The main role of a car suspension system is to improve the ride comfort and to better the handling property. It usually consists of a spring and a damper to improve the properties of suspension system. The fuzzy logic method is one of the most active research and developments areas on artificial and intelligence at the present time, particularly in the automobile industry. One quarter of car if modeled by springs, masses, dampers and force actuator and the state space equations are derived by lagrangian method. The ride comfort is improved by means of the reduction of the body acceleration caused by the car body when road disturbance from uneven road surfaces, pavement point etc. act on the tires of running car. Here, a logic fuzzy controller is designed in which, the number of rule bases are reduced in comparison with some traditional one which have been introduced in other papers. At the end, a comparison of active suspension fuzzy control and traditional passive suspension is shown using MATLAB simulations. Results show that, active suspension improves the ride comfort by reducing acceleration, compared with the performance of passive suspension.
Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Robotic Manipulator using LabVIEW for Industrial Applications
Authors: Tiwari Rajinder
Published: October 2016

The robotic manipulator plays a dominant role in the domain of process industries based applications such as pick and drop, quality based sorting, etc. With the advent of these intelligent systems, the overall performance has been grown at a quite fast rate. This system has been mostly developed with the help of various hardware and software modules with the help of graphical coding language i.e. LabVIEW by National Instruments or MatLAB by Mathworks. This virtual intelligent system basically consists of a robotic manipulator, vision based systems, AI based processors i.e. a microcontroller, conveyor belts, etc. In this system, the degree of freedom (DOF) i.e. the movement of the manipulator is quite important which depends upon the nature of the application. For this intelligent system, various algorithms based approaches are implemented so as to execute the task i.e. image processing, coordinate determination, movement of the end effectors using various servo as well as DC motors, etc. In this present work, author has put forward a high performance automated intelligent system that provides a precise output with desired level of accuracy. With such characteristics, this virtual intelligent system can be utilized in various industrial applications where the quality is expected at a high rate with other dominant parameters. The simulation work of the system has been carried out with LabVIEW 2015 edition along with other hardware modules with desired results.
A case of eclampsia complicated by cerebral haemorrhage and iatrogenic hypopharyngeal oedema and haemathoma
Authors: Kutlesic Marija , Mostic-Ilic Tatjana , Ilic Dragana , Kutlesic Ranko
Published: October 2016

Introduction. Eclampsia, serious complication of preeclampsia, can further be complicated by intracranial haemorrhage. Cesarean section under general anesthesia represents an additional risk factor. Case report. We present a case of 22 years old primipara in the 38th gestational week who after a sudden occurrence of a headache, within one hour developed eclampsia. Emergent Caesarean section was undertaken; she was intubated after several attempts. Severe tongue and hypopharyngeal edema and haemathoma made the extubation impossible; she remained intubated, sedated, mechanically ventilated, on antioedematous, anticonvulsive, antihypertensive therapy. On the third postoperative day, tracheostomy was performed. On the sixth day, she complained of a headache and visual disturbances. Neurological examination revealed left-sided hemiparesis. Multislice computed tomography showed intracranial hemorrhage. It was not until the closure of tracheostoma (eleventh day) that her blood pressure normalized and the headache ceased. Four days later she was dismissed from the hospital with improved clinical state. Conclusion. In order to avoid sudden and unexpected, but serious complications of preeclampsia/eclampsia, we emphasize the need of searching for more subtle signs of the disease, of prompt radiologic diagnosis and aggressive blood pressure control, with a prepared strategy for difficult airway management.
Using Language Processing to Evaluate the Equivalency of the FASB and IASB Standards
Authors: Fisher Ingrid E. , Nehmer Robert A.
Published: October 2016

The passage of the Data Transparency and Accountability Act in the United States Congress will necessitate that government agencies provide more data in transparent formats. The issue of how to interpret such data remains an open question. The accounting profession has continued to struggle with common formats since the inception of balance sheets and income statements. The original FASB Conceptual Framework was developed to help construct consistent GAAP standards. XBRL was developed to provide a consistent representation of the data contained in financial statements and other financial documents. This research explores the use of two codifications (U.S. GAAP and IFRS) of GAAP standards in both their syntactic representation through XBRL taxonomies and their semantics through their authoritative references back to their own standards and codification. The research uses language theory to model the codifications in terms of the strings used to represent lexical content in the financial statements and to provide a systematic mapping to the semantics of the related XBRL specifications. The immediate objectives of this research are to provide a means to compare the semantic richness of U.S. GAAP and IFRS and to determine the consistency of either standardization with respect to the emerging shared Conceptual Framework. Ultimately, to the extent that the system is able to model both the syntax and the semantics of the financial statements, it could provide a baseline on which to consider assurance over parts of the financial statements, rather than over the financial statements taken as a whole.
The Concept of Palestine: The Conception Of Palestine from the Late Bronze Age to the Modern Period
Authors: Masalha Nur
Published: October 2016

The Concept of Palestine is deeply rooted in the collective consciousness of the indigenous people of Palestine and the multicultural ancient past. The name Palestine is the most commonly used from the Late Bronze Age (from 1300 BCE) onwards. The name Palestine is evident in countless histories, inscriptions, maps and coins from antiquity, medieval and modern Palestine. From the Late Bronze Age onwards the names used for the region, such as Djahi, Retenu and Cana'an, all gave way to the name Palestine. Throughout Classical Antiquity the name Palestine remained the most common and during the Roman, Byzantine and Islamic periods the concept and political geography of Palestine acquired official administrative status. This article sets out to explain the historical origins of the concept of Palestine and the evolving political geography of the country. It will seek to demonstrate how the name ‘Palestine’ (rather than the term ‘Cana'an’) was most commonly and formally used in ancient history. It argues that the legend of the ‘Israelites’ conquest of Cana'an’ and other master narratives of the Bible evolved across many centuries; they are myth-narratives, not evidence-based accurate history. It further argues that academic and school history curricula should be based on historical facts/empirical evidence/archaeological discoveries – not on master narratives or Old Testament sacred-history and religio-ideological constructs.
George Wilson's Map of Technology: Giving Shape to the ‘industrial arts’ in Mid-nineteenth-century Edinburgh
Authors: Swinney Geoffrey N.
Published: October 2016

An intriguing symbol adorns the grave, in Edinburgh's Old Calton Burial Ground, of George Wilson (1818–1859), Britain's first Professor of Technology. Wilson himself had devised the symbol as an emblem for the Industrial Museum of Scotland of which he was Director. In his professorial role he defined and delineated the ‘territorial features’ and ‘intellectual architecture’ of the novel academic discipline of technology. As the founding-Director of the Museum he imagined into being collections which materialised and illustrated the new subject. The paper interprets the emblem as a conceptual map of technology and uses it as the starting point from which to explore Wilson's understanding of what constituted his subject. Thus, the paper examines the Museum as itself a technology for presenting and representing technology. Further, it explores the intertwining of people, things and ideas which, for Wilson, constituted and were productive of technology.
Dynamical Systems Properties of a Mathematical Model for the Treatment of CML
Authors: Ledzewicz Urszula , Moore Helen
Published: October 2016

A mathematical model for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) through a combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunomodulatory therapies is analyzed as a dynamical system for the case of constant drug concentrations. Equilibria and their stability are determined and it is shown that, depending on the parameter values, the model exhibits a variety of behaviors which resemble the chronic, accelerated and blast phases typical of the disease. This work provides qualitative insights into the system which should be useful for understanding the interaction between CML and the therapies considered here.
Time-Domain Minimization of Voltage and Current Total Harmonic Distortion for a Single-Phase Multilevel Inverter with a Staircase Modulation
Authors: Srndovic Milan , Familiant Yakov , Grandi Gabriele , Ruderman Alex
Published: October 2016

This paper presents the optimization technique for minimizing the voltage and current total harmonic distortion (THD) in a single-phase multilevel inverter controlled by staircase modulation. The previously reported research generally considered the optimal THD problem in the frequency domain, taking into account a limited harmonic number. The novelty of the suggested approach is that voltage and current minimal THD problems are being formulated in the time domain as constrained optimization ones, making it possible to determine the optimal switching angles. In this way, all switching harmonics can be considered. The target function expression becomes very compact and existing efficient solvers for this kind of optimization problems can find a solution in negligible processor time. Current THD is understood as voltage frequency weighted THD that assumes pure inductive load—this approximation is practically accurate for inductively dominant RL-loads. In this study, the optimal switching angles and respective minimal THD values were obtained for different inverter level counts and overall fundamental voltage magnitude (modulation index) dynamic range. Developments are easily modified to cover multilevel inverter grid-connected applications. The results have been verified by experimental tests.
Erratum: Gibson, A.A.; et al. Comparison of Very Low Energy Diet Products Available in Australia and How to Tailor Them to Optimise Protein Content for Younger and Older Adult Men and Women Healthcare 2016, 4, 71
Authors:   Editorial Office
Published: October 2016

Please note that in the published paper [1], on page 5, three sentences in the second paragraph are wrongly placed in the third paragraph.[...]
Antenatal Clinic and Stop Smoking Services Staff Views on “Opt-Out” Referrals for Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy: A Framework Analysis
Authors: Campbell Katarzyna , Bowker Katharine , Naughton Felix , Sloan Melanie , Cooper Sue , Coleman Tim
Published: October 2016

Introduction: UK guidance recommends routine exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) screening for pregnant women and “opt-out” referrals to stop smoking services (SSS) of those with CO ≥ 4 ppm. We explored staff views on this referral pathway when implemented in one UK hospital Trust. Methods: Seventeen semi-structured interviews with staff involved in the implementation of the new referral pathway: six antenatal clinic staff (before and after implementation); five SSS staff (after). Data were analyzed using framework analysis. Results: Two themes were identified: (1) views on implementation of the pathway and (2) impact of the pathway on the women. Generally, staff felt that following training, referrals were less arduous to implement and better received than expected. The majority believed this pathway helped engage women motivated to quit and offered a unique chance to impart smoking cessation knowledge to hard-to-reach women, who might not otherwise contact SSS. An unexpected issue arose during implementation—dealing with non-smokers with high CO readings. Conclusions: According to staff, the “opt-out” referral pathway is an acceptable addition to routine antenatal care. It can help engage hard-to-reach women and educate them about the dangers of smoking in pregnancy. Incorporating advice on dealing with non-smokers with high CO into routine staff training could help future implementations.
Bread and Roses: A Gender Perspective on Environmental Justice and Public Health
Authors: Bell Karen
Published: October 2016

Gender continues to be a relatively marginal issue in environmental justice debates and yet it remains an important aspect of injustice. To help redress the balance, this article explores women’s experience of environmental justice through a review of the existing literature and the author’s prior qualitative research, as well as her experience of environmental activism. The analysis confirms that women tend to experience inequitable environmental burdens (distributional injustice); and are less likely than men to have control over environmental decisions (procedural injustice), both of which impact on their health (substantive injustice). It is argued that these injustices occur because women generally have lower incomes than men and are perceived as having less social status than their male counterparts as a result of entwined and entrenched capitalist and patriarchal processes. In the light of this analysis, it is proposed that environmental justice research, teaching, policy and practice should be made more gender aware and feminist orientated. This could support cross-cutting debates and activities in support of the radical social change necessary to bring about greater social and environmental justice more generally.
Conversion of Squid Pen to Homogentisic Acid via Paenibacillus sp. TKU036 and the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Homogentisic Acid
Authors: Wang San-Lang , Li Hsin-Ting , Zhang Li-Jie , Lin Zhi-Hu , Kuo Yao-Haur
Published: October 2016

The culture supernatant of Paenibacillus sp. TKU036, a bacterium isolated from Taiwanese soils, showed high antioxidant activity (85%) when cultured in a squid pen powder (SPP)-containing medium at 37 °C for three days. Homogentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, HGA) was isolated and found to be the major antioxidant in the culture supernatant of the SPP-containing medium fermented by Paenibacillus sp. TKU036. Tryptophan was also present in the culture supernatant. The results of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprinting showed that HGA and tryptophan were produced via fermentation but did not pre-exist in the unfermented SPP-containing medium. Neither HGA nor tryptophan was found in the culture supernatants obtained from the fermentation of nutrient broth or other chitinous material, i.e., medium containing shrimp head powder, by Paenibacillus sp. TKU036. The production of HGA via microorganisms has rarely been reported. In this study, we found that squid pen was a potential carbon and nitrogen source for Paenibacillus sp. Tryptophan (105 mg/L) and HGA (60 mg/L) were recovered from the culture supernatant. The isolated HGA was found to have higher antioxidant activity (IC50 = 6.9 μg/mL) than α-tocopherol (IC50 = 17.6 μg/mL). The anti-inflammatory activity of the isolated HGA (IC50 = 10.14 μg/mL) was lower than that of quercetin (IC50 = 1.14 μg/mL). As a result, squid pen, a fishery processing byproduct, is a valuable material for the production of tryptophan and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory HGA via microbial conversion.
Effect of Continuous Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Flexible Composite Film
Authors: Cha Ji , Kim Seong , Lee Seung
Published: October 2016

To investigate the effect of continuous multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the thermal and mechanical properties of composites, we propose a fabrication method for a buckypaper-filled flexible composite film prepared by a two-step process involving buckypaper fabrication using vacuum filtration of MWCNTs, and composite film fabrication using the dipping method. The thermal conductivity and tensile strength of the composite film filled with the buckypaper exhibited improved results, respectively 76% and 275% greater than those of the individual MWCNT-filled composite film. It was confirmed that forming continuous MWCNT fillers is an important factor which determines the physical characteristics of the composite film. In light of the study findings, composite films using buckypaper as a filler and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a flexible matrix have sufficient potential to be applied as a heat-dissipating material, and as a flexible film with high thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical properties.
A Western Dietary Pattern Increases Prostate Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fabiani Roberto , Minelli Liliana , Bertarelli Gaia , Bacci Silvia
Published: October 2016

Dietary patterns were recently applied to examine the relationship between eating habits and prostate cancer (PC) risk. While the associations between PC risk with the glycemic index and Mediterranean score have been reviewed, no meta-analysis is currently available on dietary patterns defined by “a posteriori” methods. A literature search was carried out (PubMed, Web of Science) to identify studies reporting the relationship between dietary patterns and PC risk. Relevant dietary patterns were selected and the risks estimated were calculated by a random-effect model. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs), for a first-percentile increase in dietary pattern score, were combined by a dose-response meta-analysis. Twelve observational studies were included in the meta-analysis which identified a “Healthy pattern” and a “Western pattern”. The Healthy pattern was not related to PC risk (OR = 0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88–1.04) while the Western pattern significantly increased it (OR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.08–1.65). In addition, the “Carbohydrate pattern”, which was analyzed in four articles, was positively associated with a higher PC risk (OR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.35–2.00). A significant linear trend between the Western (p = 0.011) pattern, the Carbohydrate (p = 0.005) pattern, and the increment of PC risk was observed. The small number of studies included in the meta-analysis suggests that further investigation is necessary to support these findings.
A Novel Dynamic Spectrum Access Framework Based on Reinforcement Learning for Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks
Authors: Lin Yun , Wang Chao , Wang Jiaxing , Dou Zheng
Published: October 2016

Cognitive radio sensor networks are one of the kinds of application where cognitive techniques can be adopted and have many potential applications, challenges and future research trends. According to the research surveys, dynamic spectrum access is an important and necessary technology for future cognitive sensor networks. Traditional methods of dynamic spectrum access are based on spectrum holes and they have some drawbacks, such as low accessibility and high interruptibility, which negatively affect the transmission performance of the sensor networks. To address this problem, in this paper a new initialization mechanism is proposed to establish a communication link and set up a sensor network without adopting spectrum holes to convey control information. Specifically, firstly a transmission channel model for analyzing the maximum accessible capacity for three different polices in a fading environment is discussed. Secondly, a hybrid spectrum access algorithm based on a reinforcement learning model is proposed for the power allocation problem of both the transmission channel and the control channel. Finally, extensive simulations have been conducted and simulation results show that this new algorithm provides a significant improvement in terms of the tradeoff between the control channel reliability and the efficiency of the transmission channel.
SAR Ground Moving Target Indication Based on Relative Residue of DPCA Processing
Authors: Xu Jia , Huang Zuzhen , Yan Liang , Zhou Xu , Zhang Furu , Long Teng
Published: October 2016

For modern synthetic aperture radar (SAR), it has much more urgent demands on ground moving target indication (GMTI), which includes not only the point moving targets like cars, truck or tanks but also the distributed moving targets like river or ocean surfaces. Among the existing GMTI methods, displaced phase center antenna (DPCA) can effectively cancel the strong ground clutter and has been widely used. However, its detection performance is closely related to the target’s signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) as well as radial velocity, and it cannot effectively detect the weak large-sized river surfaces in strong ground clutter due to their low SCR caused by specular scattering. This paper proposes a novel method called relative residue of DPCA (RR-DPCA), which jointly utilizes the DPCA cancellation outputs and the multi-look images to improve the detection performance of weak river surfaces. Furthermore, based on the statistics analysis of the RR-DPCA outputs on the homogenous background, the cell average (CA) method can be well applied for subsequent constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection. The proposed RR-DPCA method can well detect the point moving targets and distributed moving targets simultaneously. Finally, the results of both simulated and real data are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed SAR/GMTI method.
LPI Radar Waveform Recognition Based on Time-Frequency Distribution
Authors: Zhang Ming , Liu Lutao , Diao Ming
Published: October 2016

In this paper, an automatic radar waveform recognition system in a high noise environment is proposed. Signal waveform recognition techniques are widely applied in the field of cognitive radio, spectrum management and radar applications, etc. We devise a system to classify the modulating signals widely used in low probability of intercept (LPI) radar detection systems. The radar signals are divided into eight types of classifications, including linear frequency modulation (LFM), BPSK (Barker code modulation), Costas codes and polyphase codes (comprising Frank, P1, P2, P3 and P4). The classifier is Elman neural network (ENN), and it is a supervised classification based on features extracted from the system. Through the techniques of image filtering, image opening operation, skeleton extraction, principal component analysis (PCA), image binarization algorithm and Pseudo–Zernike moments, etc., the features are extracted from the Choi–Williams time-frequency distribution (CWD) image of the received data. In order to reduce the redundant features and simplify calculation, the features selection algorithm based on mutual information between classes and features vectors are applied. The superiority of the proposed classification system is demonstrated by the simulations and analysis. Simulation results show that the overall ratio of successful recognition (RSR) is 94.7% at signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of −2 dB.
Azerbaijani Women, Online Mediatized Activism and Offline Mass Mobilization
Authors: Mehrabov Ilkin
Published: October 2016

Despite its post-Soviet history, Azerbaijan is an under-investigated country in academic research—compared with the other former constituencies, such as the Baltic countries or Russia, of the USSR—and gender questions of the contemporary Azerbaijani society are even less touched on. Within the current context of the post-“Arab Spring” era of mediatized connectivity and collective political engagement, this article looks into and analyzes how Azerbaijani women participate in different online and offline social and political movements, and if (and how) they are impeded by the increased state authoritarianism in Azerbaijan. Using data, obtained from online information resources, yearly reports of human rights organizations, focus group discussions, and interviews, the study detects four major activist constellations within the Azerbaijani field of gendered politics. Based on the analysis of conditions of detected groups, the article claims that flash mobs, a tactic employed mainly by liberal activists, emerge as the promising way in overcoming the normative nature of Azerbaijani patriarchal society, thus providing an opportunity for normalization and internalization of the feeling of being on the street and acting in concert with others—the practices which might lead towards an increasing participation of (especially young) women in the political processes of the country.
Novel Catalytically-Inactive PII Metalloproteinases from a Viperid Snake Venom with Substitutions in the Canonical Zinc-Binding Motif
Authors: Camacho Erika , Sanz Libia , Escalante Teresa , Pérez Alicia , Villalta Fabián , Lomonte Bruno , Neves-Ferreira Ana , Feoli Andrés , Calvete Juan , Gutiérrez José , Rucavado Alexandra
Published: October 2016

Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) play key biological roles in prey immobilization and digestion. The majority of these activities depend on the hydrolysis of relevant protein substrates in the tissues. Hereby, we describe several isoforms and a cDNA clone sequence, corresponding to PII SVMP homologues from the venom of the Central American pit viper Bothriechis lateralis, which have modifications in the residues of the canonical sequence of the zinc-binding motif HEXXHXXGXXH. As a consequence, the proteolytic activity of the isolated proteins was undetectable when tested on azocasein and gelatin. These PII isoforms comprise metalloproteinase and disintegrin domains in the mature protein, thus belonging to the subclass PIIb of SVMPs. PII SVMP homologues were devoid of hemorrhagic and in vitro coagulant activities, effects attributed to the enzymatic activity of SVMPs, but induced a mild edema. One of the isoforms presents the characteristic RGD sequence in the disintegrin domain and inhibits ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Catalytically-inactive SVMP homologues may have been hitherto missed in the characterization of snake venoms. The presence of such enzymatically-inactive homologues in snake venoms and their possible toxic and adaptive roles deserve further investigation.
Water-Energy-Food Nexus in Large Asian River Basins
Authors: Keskinen Marko , Varis Olli
Published: October 2016

The water-energy-food nexus (“nexus”) is promoted as an approach to look at the linkages between water, energy and food. The articles of Water’s Special Issue “Water-Energy-Food Nexus in Large Asian River Basins” look at the applicability of the nexus approach in different regions and rivers basins in Asia. The articles provide practical examples of the various roles and importance of water-energy-food linkages, but also discuss the theoretical aspects related to the nexus. While it is evident that any application of the nexus must be case-specific, some general lessons can be learnt as well. Firstly, there are a variety of interpretations for the nexus. These include three complementary perspectives that see nexus as an analytical approach, governance framework and emerging discourse. Secondly, nexus is—despite its name—a predominantly water-sector driven and water-centered concept. While this brings some benefits by, e.g., setting systemic boundaries, it is also the nexus’ biggest challenge: If the nexus is not able to ensure buy-in from food and energy sector actors, its added value will stay limited. Ultimately, however, what really matters is not the approach itself but the processes it helps to establish and outcomes it helps to create. Through its focus on water-energy-food linkages—rather than on those themes separately—the nexus is well positioned to help us to take a more systemic view on water, energy and food and, hence, to advance sustainable development.
Recherche du Candida albicans et du Geotrichum candidum dans les feces de quelques animaux sauvages en captivité
Authors: Saëz Henri
Published: October 2016

Le Geotrichum candidum peut être l'hôte du Fourmilier, de la Girafe, de l'Okapi, du cerf pseudaxis et du Manchot royal. Seuls le Fourmilier et le Manchot royal hébergeaient le Candida albicans.
Un cas de tératologie adaptative chez Lenzites quercina (L.) Qt.
Authors: Pouchet Albert
Published: October 2016

Un carpophore de Lenzites quercina dont l'orientation fut modifiée de 90° dans un plan vertical à la suite d'un déplacement du support, réagit :

1°) par recourbement du bord du chapeau avec tentative d'horizontalisation de celui-ci et apparition, sous cette portion recourbée, de tubes verticaux.

2°) par l'apparition d'une nouvelle couche de tubes nés sur l'extrémité des premiers mais perpendiculaires à eux. 3°) plus tard, par l'apparition de chapeaux secondaires multiples, perpendiculaires au chapeau primaire et situés aussi bien sur ce qui était primitivement le dessus de ce chapeau que sur ce qui en était tout d'abord le dessous. Toutes les parties du carpophore peuvent donc donner naissance à des chapeaux entiers.
Rhodopaxillus densifolius Favre, espèce nouvelle pour la France
Authors: Lamoure Denise , Fichet M.-L.
Published: October 2016

Description de carpophores récoltés dans les Pyrénées, et qui ne différaient guère du type que par la saveur poivrée. Ce champignon est tétrapolaire ; les haplontes, sans oïdies, ont leurs articles uni-nucléés comme les spores ; les diplontes sont régulièrement binucléés bouclés.
Sur un peuplement forestier d'époque romaine à Bourgoin (Isère)
Authors: Chauffin Jean , Coquillat Marcel
Published: October 2016

En tenant compte de données botaniques et géologiques, ici auxiliaires de l'archéologie, on peut présumer que le peuplement forestier des marais de Bourgoin ne remonterait guère au-delà de la période historique et qu'il fut détruit au moins en partie et vraisemblablement par le feu, vers le IIe siècle de notre ère ; la destruction s'étant parachevée par causes naturelles et activités humaines diverses. Cette vue résulte des examens qui ont été faits sur un secteur partiel des terrains en question, ce qui, évidemment, ne permet pas absolument une généralisation.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in the Lepisorus clathratus complex (Polypodiaceae)
Authors: Zhao Cun‐Feng , Kwak Myounghai , Xiang Qiao‐Ping
Published: October 2016

Premise of the study:

Microsatellites were designed and characterized in the Sino‐Himalayan fern Lepisorus clathratus complex (Polypodiaceae) to further study the phylogeography and reproductive ecology of this species.

Methods and Results:

From a genomic library obtained by next‐generation sequencing, 10 polymorphic and six monomorphic microsatellite loci were developed. In one population of L. clathratus from Taibaishan in central China, the number of alleles observed for these microsatellites ranged from seven to 29, and observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.463 to 0.919 and from 0.797 to 0.947, respectively. Cross‐amplification in other taxa within this complex was successful, but cross‐amplification was poor for other congeneric species.

Conclusions:

This set of newly developed microsatellite markers will be useful for assessing genetic diversity, population structure, and mating system, and to infer polyploid origin in the L. clathratus complex.
Silica-supported sulfonic acids as recyclable catalyst for esterification of levulinic acid with stoichiometric amounts of alcohols
Authors: Maggi Raimondo , Shiju N Raveendran , Santacroce Veronica , Maestri Giovanni , Bigi Franca , Rothenberg Gadi
Published: October 2016

Converting biomass into value-added chemicals holds the key to sustainable long-term carbon resource management. In this context, levulinic acid, which is easily obtained from cellulose, is valuable since it can be transformed into a variety of industrially relevant fine chemicals. Here we present a simple protocol for the selective esterification of levulinic acid using solid acid catalysts. Silica supported sulfonic acid catalysts operate under mild conditions and give good conversion and selectivity with stoichiometric amounts of alcohols. The sulfonic acid groups are tethered to the support using organic tethers. These tethers may help in preventing the deactivation of the active sites in the presence of water.
Psychological Factors of Innovativeness among Nomadic Micro-Entrepreneurs for Achieving Business Growth
Authors: Khadijeh Taghizadeh Seyedeh , Abidur Rahman Syed , Hazlina Ahmad Noor , Ramayah Thurasamy
Published: October 2016

The objective of this paper is to explore the psychological factors of innovativeness that drives nomadic micro entrepreneurs’ (MEs) in enhancing their business growth in Malaysia. Nomadic micro entrepreneurs refer to those who regularly change the location of their business. To meet the research objective, the current study carried out in-depth interviews among the Nomadic MEs operating their business in Northern region, Malaysia. Twenty Nomadic MEs were interviewed on voluntary basis. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify the recurring themes that delineate psychological factors that may influence innovativeness. Interestingly, the findings revealed that the innovativeness of Nomadic MEs is influenced by four psychological characteristics namely sense of curiosity, interest, risk taking, and risk avoidance. The contribution of this study lies in the identification of four substantial psychological factors that act as a foundation for innovativeness among nomadic micro entrepreneurs’ (MEs) in enhancing their business growth.
Intellectual Capital and Profitability: A Firm Value Approach in the European Companies
Authors: Martins Maria Manuela , Lopes Ilídio Tomás
Published: October 2016

Intangibles are, at a knowledge-based economy, the most important resources, driving companies towards systematic and sometimes unexpected returns. This paper follows a positivist approach and aims to investigate the association between the degree of intangibility, value of firms and their profitability. Based on the 500 largest European companies, rated by Financial Times, the most relevant insights emerge from the association between firms’ knowledge intensity level and its degree of profitability. These insights consolidate the evidences that immaterial resources act as drivers of future benefits and are embodied on firms’ profitability ratios.
Technology Mapping – Proposal of a Method of Technology Analysis in Foresight Studies
Authors: Gudanowska Alicja E.
Published: October 2016

The purpose of the article was to exhibit the technology mapping method as one of the methods which may be used in foresight research. Foresight studies was described in the context of technology as well as technology analysis. The main part of the article is the presentation of an original proposal of a technology mapping method enabling to diagnose the current state of technology. The execution of the method should allow to maximise the resources of knowledge on specific technologies. A list of technological knowledge base elements which might emerge as a result of the process was also described.
What Public Experience May Be – On Publicity, Communication and the Expression of Lived Experiences
Authors: Mateus Samuel
Published: October 2016

The idea of public experience is often invoked in different social and academic contexts. However, it seldom deserved a reflection that specifically sought to deepen its meaning from the point of view of social life. In this article we contribute to the understanding of the uniqueness of the public form of experience. We believe that one of the best ways through which we can observe the public experience is by the objectification, performance and dramatization of the culture, i.e., the “expression of lived experiences”. There is, in publicity, the possibility of simultaneous allocation of individual and collective experiences, and it is in this sense that we can see how culture influences the shaping of experience itself. Public experience is characterized by the weaving and intertwining of singular experiences that are pluralized and plural lived experiences that are singularized, in a process where individual and society interpenetrate. The relationship between experience and publicity arises from this symbolic communion contained in the systems of thought and action of societies. The decisive role of the principle of publicity to experience consists, according with the hypothesis we wish to put forward, in making available and communicating the social world of symbolic (cultural) activity. Public experience is, then, envisaged as the experience of a common world where both singular and plural definitions of the individual (taken as society) converge through lived experiences and, particularly, through their expression, which can take different symbolic forms.
HOW THE DENSITY ENVIRONMENT CHANGES THE INFLUENCE OF THE DARK MATTER–BARYON STREAMING VELOCITY ON COSMOLOGICAL STRUCTURE FORMATION
Authors: Ahn Kyungjin
Published: October 2016

We study the dynamical effect of the relative velocity between dark matter and baryonic fluids, which remained supersonic after the epoch of recombination. The impact of this supersonic motion on the formation of cosmological structures was first formulated by Tseliakhovich & Hirata, in terms of the linear theory of small-scale fluctuations coupled to large-scale, relative velocities in mean-density regions. In their formalism, they limited the large-scale density environment to be that of the global mean density. We improve on their formulation by allowing variation in the density environment as well as the relative velocities. This leads to a new type of coupling between large-scale and small-scale modes. We find that the small-scale fluctuation grows in a biased way: faster in the overdense environment and slower in the underdense environment. We also find that the net effect on the global power spectrum of the density fluctuation is to boost its overall amplitude from the prediction by Tseliakhovich & Hirata. Correspondingly, the conditional mass function of cosmological halos and the halo bias parameter are both affected in a similar way. The discrepancy between our prediction and that of Tseliakhovich & Hirata is significant, and therefore, the related cosmology and high-redshift astrophysics should be revisited. The mathematical formalism of this study can be used for generating cosmological initial conditions of small-scale perturbations in generic, overdense (underdense) background patches.
THE FLUENCE AND DISTANCE DISTRIBUTIONS OF FAST RADIO BURSTS
Authors: Vedantham H. K. , Ravi V. , Hallinan G. , Shannon R. M.
Published: October 2016

Fast radio bursts (FRB) are millisecond-duration radio pulses with apparent extragalactic origins. All but two of the FRBs have been discovered using the Parkes dish, which employs multiple beams formed by an array of feed horns on its focal plane. In this paper, we show that (i) the preponderance of multiple-beam detections and (ii) the detection rates for varying dish diameters can be used to infer the index α of the cumulative fluence distribution function (the logN–logF function: α = 1.5 for a non-evolving population in a Euclidean universe). If all detected FRBs arise from a single progenitor population, multiple-beam FRB detection rates from the Parkes telescope yield the constraint 0.52 < α < 1.0 with 90% confidence. Searches at other facilities with different dish sizes refine the constraint to 0.5 < α < 0.9. Our results favor FRB searches with smaller dishes, because for α < 1 the gain in field of view for a smaller dish is more important than the reduction in sensitivity. Further, our results suggest that (i) FRBs are not standard candles, and (ii) the distribution of distances to the detected FRBs is weighted toward larger distances. If FRBs are extragalactic, these results are consistent with a cosmological population, which would make FRBs excellent probes of the baryonic content and geometry of the universe.
Frontières prosodiques perçues : corrélats acoustiques et indices syntaxiques
Authors: Simon Anne Catherine , Christodoulides George
Published: October 2016

Nous présentons les résultats d’une expérience de perception des frontières prosodiques en français. Au total, 48 échantillons de parole (version naturelle et délexicalisée) ont été annotés en temps réel par 125 auditeurs naïfs et 1 239 frontières prosodiques perçues ont été analysées. En parole naturelle, la pause silencieuse et la structure syntaxique constituent des indices déterminants pour la perception des frontières en parole naturelle. La complétude syntaxique potentielle provoque la perception d’une frontière même en l’absence d’indice acoustique saillant. En parole manipulée, la pause silencieuse est l’indice acoustique le plus déterminant, suivie par l’allongement de la syllabe finale du mot. L’allongement induit par une hésitation provoque également la perception d’une frontière alors qu’elle est inhibée en parole naturelle.
Détection automatique d’une hiérarchie prosodique dans un corpus de parole journalistique
Authors: Gendrot Cédric , Gerdes Kim , Adda-Decker Martine
Published: October 2016

Dans cette étude, nous validons par des mesures prosodiques et formantiques la détection automatique de constituants qui s’organisent hiérarchiquement dans un corpus de parole journalistique. Les constituants choisis sont la syllabe, le mot, le groupe accentuel potentiel et le groupe intonatif potentiel que nous classons par l’augmentation progressive des valeurs prosodiques et spectrales mesurées à leurs positions initiales et finales.
Regards transatlantiques sur la France du XIX e siècle : chronique de la génération désobéissante
Authors: Barrows Susanna
Published: October 2016

En 1958 David Pinkney conseillait aux jeunes historiens américains qui s’intéressaient à la France du XIX e siècle de se distinguer de leurs collègues français en limitant leur thèse de doctorat à une monographie centrée sur un aspect crucial ou controversé de ce siècle mouvementé et en passant plus tard à des ouvrages de synthèse. Mais, à partir de la fin des années 1960, les jeunes historiens américains ont ignoré la « loi de Pinkney » et se sont appliqués à étudier des périodes et des sujets négligés par les Français en posant des questions originales et en tirant profit des travaux de Michel Foucault et Philippe Ariès davantage que ne l’ont fait les Français. Ces nouveaux travaux américains ont connu un large écho en France, en mettant en valeur non seulement les comportements visibles des acteurs mais encore la plasticité et le pouvoir de la mémoire dans la vie sociale et politique. Deux exemples de cette approche sont donnés pour l’étude de l’année 1877.
Les tirailleurs de la Corne de l’Afrique (1916-1966) : déconstruire le mythe du guerrier
Authors: Jolly Laurent
Published: October 2016

Dans le domaine du recrutement des supplétifs coloniaux dans les armées européennes, la France se distingua des autres puissances par la mise en place d’une conscription souvent durement ressentie par les populations africaines, mais dont la représentation occulte les engagements volontaires dans certaines parties de l’Empire. Ces engagements librement consentis illustrent l’autonomie des acteurs sociaux et leur capacité à prendre des initiatives dans un contexte de domination coloniale. En Côte française des Somalis, aujourd’hui République de Djibouti, où la conscription ne fut pas instaurée, plus de 7 000 volontaires furent engagés dans les rangs de l’armée française avant l’indépendance acquise en 1977. Cet engouement apparent pour le métier des armes fut à l’origine de la construction d’un mythe, celui des « races guerrières », partagé par tous les recruteurs européens. L’analyse d’un panel de 1 311 livrets individuels d’hommes de troupe, complétée par une enquête de terrain, permet de révéler le poids des contraintes écologiques et sociales, la part des stimuli culturels et le rôle des représentations identitaires qui ont motivé le choix de servir sous l’uniforme colonial.
Quel usage des sources radiophoniques en histoire sociale ? Cheminement à partir d’une démarche empirique : le cas de Radio Lorraine Cœur d’Acier (Longwy, 1979-1980)
Authors: Hayes Ingrid
Published: October 2016

Les archives radiophoniques constituent une source peu usitée en histoire, du fait notamment de leur faible disponibilité. C’est pire encore s’agissant des radios libres, pour la plupart illégales. De ce point de vue, Radio Lorraine Cœur d’Acier, mise en place dans le sillage de deux mouvements, celui des radios libres qui se développait depuis 1977, mais surtout celui des mobilisations alors en cours contre le démantèlement de la sidérurgie dans le Nord et l’Est de la France, constitue un cas particulier puisque ses émissions ont été en bonne partie enregistrées et conservées. En s’appuyant sur l’expérience longovicienne, cet article tente d’évaluer en quoi les sources radiophoniques constituent un apport décisif pour une histoire sociale des classes populaires qui aille au-delà des organisations qui disent les représenter et des mobilisations menées en leur nom, pour s’intéresser à celles et ceux qui les constituent. Après une présentation du fonds sonore exploité et la méthode d’analyse qui lui fut appliquée, l’article indique en quoi les sources radiophoniques sont marquées par d’importantes limites en termes d’expression populaire, mais en permettent pourtant l’analyse dans une démarche micro-historienne.