bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estado trófico de la presa El Abrevadero, Morelos, México
Authors: García-Rodríguez Judith , Molina-Astudillo Francisca Isela , Estrada-Salgado Víctor Manuel , Díaz-Vargas Migdalia , Soriano-Salazar Martha Beatriz
Published: October 2019

El “estado trófico” se refiere a la cantidad de materia orgánica e inorgánica que presenta un cuerpo de agua. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer el estado trófico de la presa El Abreva­dero, para lo cual se registraron los siguientes parámetros fisicoquímicos y biológicos: tempe­ratura del agua, oxígeno disuelto, transparencia o visibilidad al disco de Secchi, clorofila “a” y fósforo total mensualmente. Se empleó el Índice del Estado Trófico de Carlson (TSI por sus siglas en inglés) a través del cálculo del TSI de la transparencia (TSIDS), clorofila “a” (TSICA) y fósforo total (TSIPT). Los parámetros fisicoquímicos mostraron un patrón de variación relacio­nado con la época de lluvias y de secas; con respecto al TSI de Carlson, la presa El Abrevadero se clasifica como hipereutrófico.
Esclavitud como “regla de la casa” en la industria agrícola del Valle de San Joaquín, California
Authors: Ramírez Arellano Rubén
Published: October 2019

Un fenómeno histórico que trasciende hasta nuestras sociedades contemporáneas es la esclavitud. A través de un breve recuento histórico estructural en el que los actores sociales son sujetos activos, el argumento se enfoca en analizar cómo el modo de producción capi­talista en la agroindustria californiana se sirve de la mano de obra barata que llega de los países subdesarrollados. Por otro lado, también expresa cómo los inmigrantes de primera generación son despojados de su carácter humano al ser excluidos como sujetos de dere­chos al margen de la legalidad.
Semi classical quantum dots in their own micro cavity
Authors: Sánchez Pérez Karla J. , García-Melgarejo J. C. , Sánchez-Mondragón J. J.
Published: October 2019

Among quantum dots there is an interaction called Foerster interaction, it consists on the transfer of one exciton from a quantum dot to another in a non-radiative energy transfer mechanism. In this work, we develop a model of the interaction of a pair of coupled Quan­tum Dots (QDs), each one in its own micro cavity, interacting with its own classical field.
Modeling the tumor growth with the theory of discrete fractional calculus
Authors: Ramírez Hernández Leticia , Martínez Ortiz Juan
Published: October 2019

In this paper we describe the basics of modeling the growth of cancerous tumors, based on the formalism of the calculation of fractional order differences. Version is used in the Gompretz equation of differences, a simulation with arbitrary values of the growth rates of decline and the initial value.
Cárcel, derechos humanos y encierro
Authors: Sánchez Vega Alexis
Published: October 2019

El actual artículo tiene como objetivo el análisis de los últimos cinco años del Sistema Penitenciario Costarricense, para dejar en evidencia en qué estado se encuentra y cuáles han sido las propuestas de política pública para atender el problema del encarcelamiento de personas y los problemas que se derivan de esta actividad. Se realiza una revisión teórica y metodológica que pueda dar cuentas de la cárcel como institución reformadora y la sobrepoblación penitenciaria. Se considera importante la discusión que se desarrolla al visualizar el papel de la cárcel que se ha instrumentalizado como un mecanismo social al que se le ha dado una justificación que le permite considerarse como una solución para el problema delincuencial del país. A esta se le ha dado el papel de ente resocializador y el lugar “adecuado” para que las personas consideradas como delincuentes puedan cumplir sus penas de prisión. Sin embargo, el advenimiento de las reformas penales y de seguridad ciudadana de principios del siglo veintiuno provocaron el aumento de la población privada de libertad y la aparición de dos fenómenos: la sobrepoblación y el hacinamiento. Esto ha ocasionado que ambos elementos vulneren los derechos de las personas encarceladas. Por lo tanto, se presenta una propuesta para reducir los efectos del uso de la cárcel y con ello se mejore la calidad de vida de las personas que se encuentran en reclusión, a partir de una política institucional y política criminal diferentes.
Spectrum of bacterial infections and predictors of mortality in adult cirrhotic patients
Authors: Kudru Chandrashekar Udyavara , Kalwaje Eshwara Vandana , Nagiri Shivashankara Kaniyoor , Guddattu Vasudeva
Published: October 2019

Introduction. Bacterial infections are more frequent in patients with decompensated cirrhosis than those with compensated liver disease and account for significant morbidity and mortality in them. Once an infection develops, it induces excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines leading to organ failure and death.

Aims. This study aims to identify the clinical characteristics and outcome of bacterial infections affecting various organ systems in patients with liver cirrhosis and to determine factors associated with mortality.

Materials and methods. A cross sectional study was performed on subjects with cirrhosis having microbiologically proven bacterial infection involving various organ systems, admitted to a tertiary care hospital in southern India. Demographic, clinical data, laboratory parameters and outcome details were noted. Univariate associations and subsequent multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with mortality.

Results. The study included 158 patients. Chronic alcohol intake was the most common etiology of cirrhosis (66.4%). Community acquired infections occurred more frequently than hospital acquired infections (85.5% vs 14.5%). The common site of isolation of etiological agent was ascitic fluid (38.3%) followed by blood (24.3%), respiratory tract (15.5%) and urinary tract (14.5%). Gram negative bacterial infections were more common (74.3%), Escherichia coli being the most frequent pathogen (38.5%). Mortality was noted in 38 (24%) patients. The factors associated with mortality were the type of infection, Child Pugh category, acute kidney injury, hepatic encephalopathy, urinary tract infection, and creatinine and bilirubin levels. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that type of infection (OR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.11-1.01), ascitic fluid infection (OR: 2.81, 95% CI: 1.11-7.12), hepatic encephalopathy (OR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.070-0.422) and acute kidney injury (OR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.077-0.502) were significantly associated with in-hospital mortality.

Conclusion. This study indicates that the type of infection, hepatic encephalopathy, ascitic fluid infection and acute kidney injury are associated with mortality in cirrhotic patients. Early effective treatment and prevention of these complications may help modify the outcome.
Modernization of Ukrainian higher education in the context of Bologna process
Authors: Lukashchuk Vitalii
Published: October 2019

The article analyzes the problems of modernization of higher education in the context of the Bologna Process.It is noted that during the transition to credit-modular system Ukrainian universities face several challenges: significant difference in the curricula for bachelors and masters; remaining of “Specialist” qualification; organization of individual work of students; not solved issue of providing “internal” mobility of students and teachers; low level of financing and others.
It is emphasized that further modernization process within the Bologna process involves expansion in Ukrainian higher educational institutions of practice of concluding of parity partnership bilateral agreements on compatibility educational plans and courses in accordance with the requirements of Ukrainian standards and high European quality of disciplines and directions of study.
Labor legislation in Kazakhstan and reflection of market methods in it of legal regulations of social and labor relations
Authors: Mamedova Aibeniz
Published: October 2019

Over the past two decades labor relations have undergone dramatic changes everywhere in the world. As noted by the World Commission on Social Aspects Globalization has given impetus to the process of profound changes that affect everyone. Standard employment relationships lose their positions. The changes occur-ring in the world have led to new forms of employment. Although these changes have increased flexibility of labor market they have a negative impact on the stability of labor relations in general. Global economic changes in the world inevitably raise the question of Kazakhstan labor law modernization which involves updating the legal framework of regulating relations in the sphere of wage labor and a conceptual change in the ratio of regulatory and contractual regulation. This article examines the problem of the relationship of employment relations with the norms of labor law in the context of market conditions in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Attitudes toward Ukraine’s Independence Day
Authors: Balakireva Olga
Published: October 2019

According to the results of the survey are analyzed attitudes of different groups and strata of the population to the independence of Ukraine, the celebration of Independence Day, the dynamics in the responses regarding support of the independence.
Identitas Etnik dan Asertivitas Mahasiswa Suku Sunda
Authors: Perceka Muhammad Zaki , Fahmi Irfan , Kurniadewi Elisa
Published: October 2019

The study was conducted to determine effect of ethnic identity on assertiveness of Sundanese students. The role of students who should be critical and responsive to various things, but less prominent in Sundanese students in consequence of existence of cultural rules require maintaining communication prefer to harbor personal opinions and feelings. The demands of role and acculturation occur on campus lead to high quality of ethnic identity negatively affecting assertive communication skills. The research uses correlational quantitative methods. The results showed the number of Sundanese students with a high level of ethnic identity tended to be more than the low level of ethnic identity. While the quality of assertive communication is high or low is not much different. Using the simple regression calculation method shows that ethnic identity has a positive effect on the assertiveness of Sundanese students.
A New Curriculum for a New Public School
Authors: Wrigley Terry
Published: October 2019

This article is written in response to widespread concerns about the inadequacy of the school curriculum in England, and the urgent need to rethink what public education should involve. It builds on earlier contributions in FORUM and elsewhere by discussing curricular opportunities
arising from Labour's proposal for a National Education Service. This is particularly timely given the limited horizons and understanding shown in Ofsted's call for better curriculum planning. In contrast to neoliberal obsessions with schooling as the production of human resources, and the
neoconservative dependence on tradition, the article discusses how we might build a curriculum oriented to social justice, environmental responsibility and democratic citizenship. It addresses core issues such as age appropriateness; the relationship between everyday and academic knowledge;
the importance of cognitive, practical, aesthetic and ethical dimensions; and how we might make a socially just and politically serious selection of knowledge. Whilst drawing on the strengths of earlier curriculum development, particularly in the 1960s and 1970s, it also points towards more
recent international developments drawing on place, story and enquiry, which have been eclipsed by high-stakes accountability regimes. This broad-ranging article throws out a challenge: how to avoid retreading a traditional path of alienated knowledge acquisition and create a framework for
authentic learning and really powerful knowledge.
'What Are We Doing to Our Children?' Report on the Reclaiming Education Conference, 2018
Authors: Bolt John
Published: October 2019

Reclaiming Education is an umbrella campaigning group made up of the following organisations: Campaign for State Education (CASE), Comprehensive Future, Socialist Education Association (SEA), Forum, Alliance for Inclusive Education, Information for School and College Governors, New
Visions Group and Rescue our Schools. In November 2018 it held a conference, 'What Are We Doing to Our Children?', addressing the issues of the negative impact current policies have on many of our children. This article, written on behalf of the group, is a summary of the conference.
Early Education in England: the power of politicians over policy and practice
Authors: Clark Margaret M.
Published: October 2019

In this article, two government education policies for primary schools in England are scrutinised, the Phonics Screening Check and Baseline Assessment, both claimed by ministers to be 'evidence based'. What has become a high-stakes test rather than a diagnostic assessment, the Phonics
Screening Check, introduced in 2012, now dominates early years education in England. Pilot studies of Baseline Assessment are under way and the government's intention is to introduce this assessment for all children in state primary schools in 2020. Children are to be assessed shortly after
they enter reception class and, it is claimed by ministers, this will enable the children's progress throughout primary school to be monitored. The author summarises her extensive published evidence on both policies and indicates where to locate relevant but neglected research by many others.
Reference will also be made to evidence from 18 internationally recognised literacy researchers critiquing synthetic phonics as the only method of teaching reading and the Phonics Screening Check.
SHUKRI, A NEW LIFE
Authors: Schillaci Rosa Rossella
Published: October 2019

A glimpse into the realities of life in Europe for thousands of migrants.

Thirty-one-year old Shukri left her four children in Somalia in 2008, walked across North Africa and risked a hazardous raft trip across the Mediterranean to seek a better life in Europe. She is one of thousands of such migrants who attempt the journey each year and although she has been given refugee status in Italy her future still looks bleak. Filmmaker Rossella Schillaci followed Shukri and in the following account describes the realities of her life - and those of thousands of others. In the winter of 2008, over 400 Somali and Sudanese refugees squatted in an abandoned building that had once housed a medical clinic in downtown Turin, northern Italy. The Italian government's indifference towards refugees left them with little alternative. Once refugees are issued a sojourn permit, they are left to fend for themselves, with just a few receiving temporary housing and education. Many rely on Catholic volunteer relief associations for help, but these cannot provide housing and the waiting lists for dormitories seem endless. Many refugees live and sleep on the streets. In larger cities, they squat in old buildings or abandoned factories, enduring overcrowded and grim living conditions often without water or electricity.
Brazilian assessment on biodiversity and ecosystem services: summary for policy makers
Authors: Joly Carlos A. , Scarano Fabio R. , Bustamante Mercedes , Gadda Tatiana Maria Cecy , Metzger Jean Paul Walter , Seixas Cristiana Simão , Ometto Jean Pierre HB , Pires Aliny Patrícia Flauzino , Boesing Andrea Larissa , Sousa Francisco Diogo Rocha , Quintão José Maurício Brandão , Gonçalves Leandra Regina , Padgurschi Maíra de Campos Gorgulho , Aquino Michely Ferreira dos Santos de , Castro Paula Felício Drummond de , Santos Isabela Lima dos
Published: October 2019

Abstract: Biodiversity and ecosystems are important elements for addressing national and global socioeconomic and environmental crises, since they provide new development opportunities, for example, as source of job and income creation, and reduction in poverty and socioeconomic inequity. Brazilian biological diversity is also expressed in its immense cultural diversity, with a great variety of knowledge holders. These peoples possess vast knowledge on agrobiodiversity, fishing, fire management, natural medicine, among others of commercial, cultural and spiritual value. The main conclusions of this Summary for Police Makers is that land use changes and climate changes have been - and will continue to be throughout this century - the main drivers that result in the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services in the country. Political interventions at different levels (from local to national, from public to private) and the enforcement of existing laws (regulatory mechanisms and incentives) are required to cope with the mitigation of the negative impacts of biodiversity and ecosystem services loss. Brazil has already a wide variety of policy instruments and socioenvironmental governance options, as well as global commitments (ODS, Aich Targets, Paris Agreement) related to the objective of a sustainable future. However, inefficient management control or lack of incentive to comply with the rules pose risks to consolidating the path to this future. The country has strong and capable institutions, but infrastructural problems, slow processes, inefficient measurements and judicial, social and ecological conflicts obstruct a proficient performance. There is a lack of communication between science and society which needs to be improved by establishing an effective flow that makes communication inclusive and representative, reaching public and private decision makers. Permanent efforts to integrate Science and policy knowledges are desirable to build confidence between policy makers and researchers.
UM OLHAR SOBRE O PROCESSO DO ENVELHECIMENTO: a percepção de idosos sobre a velhice
Authors: Jardim Viviane Cristina Fonseca da Silva , Medeiros Bartolomeu Figueiroa de , Brito Ana Maria de
Published: October 2019

RESUMO Embora seja evidente o aumento acelerado do número de idosos no Brasil, ainda se conhece muito pouco sobre a pessoa idosa, e até o momento outros atores têm falado pelos idosos, dando foco ao envelhecimento e à velhice como um processo negativo e homogeneizador. Percebendo-se a necessidade de desnaturalizar o fenômeno da velhice e considerá-la uma categoria social e culturalmente construída, este estudo buscou conhecer como os idosos representam a velhice, através de sua percepção do processo de envelhecimento. Utilizou-se uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa, evidenciando-se as imagens e representações dos idosos a respeito do envelhecimento. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas realizadas com dez idosos, de idade entre 60 e 85 anos (5 mulheres e 5 homens), orientadas pela seguinte pergunta: “Como você se vê no processo do envelhecimento?”. As informações permitiram apontar que, diferentemente da visão negativa e homogeneizadora do outro em torno da velhice, os idosos entrevistados vivenciam o processo do envelhecimento de formas diferentes e relatam a velhice como uma fase de prazer. Não se perceberam frustrações, conflitos e dramaticidade na forma de vivenciarem a velhice. Também não foram identificados sentimentos de rejeição e/ou inferioridade face às mudanças e perdas.
Comparação antropométrica e do nível de aptidão física de mulheres acima de 60 anos praticantes de atividade física regular e não praticantes
Authors: Berlezi Evelise Moraes , Rosa Patrícia Viana da , Souza Antônio Carlos Araújo de , Scheneider Rodolfo Heberto
Published: October 2019

Resumo Com o aumento da longevidade, estudos realizados com pessoas idosas vêm despertando o interesse de pesquisadores. A relação entre exercício físico e capacidade funcional é um deles. Este estudo buscou avaliar as condições físicas de mulheres acima de 60 anos de idade, praticantes ou não de atividade física regular. A amostra de 20 mulheres idosas foi dividida em dois grupos de dez participantes. O grupo ativo foi composto por idosas que freqüentavam o Grupo de Atividade Física Boa Idade, da Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul; o grupo de não-praticantes de atividade física foi constituído por idosas que estavam em acompanhamento fisioterapêutico na Clínica Escola de Fisioterapia da mesma universidade. A análise dos dados encontrou os seguintes resultados: o grupo de não-praticantes obteve um percentual de 28,98% de gordura, estando acima do nível ideal para a idade; quanto ao risco cardiovascular, avaliado pela relação cintura/quadril, ambos os grupos apresentaram baixo risco. Os resultados obtidos no flexiteste permitem concluir que o grupo praticante de atividade física tem maior flexibilidade em relação ao grupo não-praticante. Na avaliação da resistência muscular localizada, o desempenho do grupo de mulheres ativas foi superior no número de repetições em um minuto; no teste de força muscular localizada esse grupo também apresentou melhores resultados, havendo diferença estatisticamente significativa entre eles. Na avaliação do equilíbrio estático não houve diferença significativa, porém o tempo de permanência na posição estática das mulheres praticantes de atividade física foi superior ao do outro grupo.
O idoso asilado: a subjetividade intramuros
Authors: Faleiros Nayara de Paula , Justo José Sterza
Published: October 2019

Resumo O processo de envelhecimento humano desperta interesse como objeto de estudo desde o século VI a.C., quando os filósofos da Antigüidade já utilizavam um sistema periódico para descrever a vida. Porém, ainda há poucos estudos sobre idosos asilados. Esta pesquisa se propôs a investigar como os idosos residentes em uma instituição asilar de Assis/SP representavam a si mesmos e o lugar em que viviam. Procuramos também mapear as possíveis relações entre essas representações e o processo de institucionalização. Para tanto, entrevistamos 21 idosos (13 homens e oito mulheres). A análise das entrevistas mostrou que a percepção que idosos asilados têm de si mesmos e da instituição asilar é heterogênea. Apesar de reconhecerem o processo de institucionalização pelo qual passam, poucos o apontaram claramente, nomeando os aspectos positivos e negativos. Em geral, utilizaram assertivas curtas ou a contraposição da vida anterior à entrada no asilo à vivida atualmente no mesmo para demarcar as diferenças que sentiram.
Gênero em desafio: das trobairitz provençais às repentistas nordestinas
Authors: Deplagne Luciana Eleonora de Freitas Calado
Published: October 2019

Resumo Este artigo trata das poéticas de tradição oral cantadas por mulheres na Idade Média e no atual Nordeste brasileiro. Busca-se, para tanto, identificar o diálogo entre os desafios de mulheres repentistas e as canções medievais dialogadas - as tensons das trobairitz provençais e os versos satíricos das poetisas do Al-Andalus. A aproximação se dá não somente no plano formal, mas também no temático, em especial no debate gendrado dessa produção feminina.
Tradições que se refazem
Authors: Lemaire Ria
Published: October 2019

Resumo Este artigo discute a relação entre duas tradições - a tradição do folheto de cordel, advinda da oralidade, feita e refeita no manuscrito e no escrito, e a tradição do discurso científico a respeito do folheto, construída por meio do discurso intelectual - que se entrelaçam em um jogo de autoridade e legitimidade sobre o que é a tradição no contexto de produção, recepção e crítica do cordel.
El pensamiento multiplicativo de niños del pueblo indígena shipibo-konibo de Ucayali: una perspectiva piagetiana
Authors: Garcés Jorge Villalba , Hidalgo Susana Frisancho
Published: October 2019

Resumen El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar y describir los niveles de pensamiento multiplicativo de un grupo de niños de dos comunidades indígenas pertenecientes al pueblo shipibo-konibo de la región Ucayali, en la Amazonía del Perú. Participaron catorce estudiantes de nivel primario, de entre 7 y 12 años, tanto niñas como niños, que fueron evaluados utilizando el método clínico-crítico de Jean Piaget, con una tarea de multiplicación que contó con material manipulativo (peces de madera en tres tamaños diferentes y cuentas que representaban su alimento). Las respuestas de los niños frente a la tarea propuesta ponen en evidencia seis niveles de desarrollo del pensamiento multiplicativo, que son consistentes con los hallazgos de otras investigaciones y muestran la universalidad de las estructuras lógico-matemáticas. Los resultados indican también que los niños tienen dificultades para resolver la tarea de multiplicación, para tomar en cuenta las proporciones, y para dar argumentos que justifiquen sus respuestas. Los resultados se discuten enfatizando en la universalidad del proceso de construcción del conocimiento multiplicativo, los particulares culturales que pueden apoyar este proceso, y la necesidad de entender que, si bien la multiplicación se introduce en tercer grado, es una operación compleja incluso para niños de grados superiores.
Circular Economy: Recent Technology Management Considerations
Authors: Hazen Benjamin T. , Russo Ivan , Confente Ilenia
Published: October 2019

As citizens, organisations and governments across the globe increase their interest in environmentally and socially sustainable means of production and consumption, the idea of a circular economy (CE) has been at the forefront of recent discussions held at organisational, national and international levels. This article briefly presents the CE concept from a supply chain management perspective. Then, two contemporary, representative CE technology management problems are introduced. The article concludes with some takeaways that policy makers and managers can use to inform further CE development.
Influence of sodium chloride on the hydration of calcium aluminate cement constantly cured at 5, 20 and 40°C
Authors: Wang Zhongping , Zhao Yating , Yang Haoyu , Zhou Long , Diao Guizhi , Liu Guanghua , Xu Linglin
Published: October 2019

The influence of sodium chloride (NaCl) on the hydration evolution of calcium aluminate cement (CAC) cured at 5°C, 20°C and 40°C was investigated by calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry–thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The chloride binding capacity and compressive strength of the CAC were also determined. The results showed that the chloride binding capacities of all the CAC samples increased with an increasing sodium chloride content, but the trend of growth gradually slowed. The influence of sodium chloride on the hydration of CAC was found to be highly dependent on its dosage and the curing temperature. At 5°C and 20°C, the early hydration of CAC was accelerated by a small amount of sodium chloride, leading to greater amounts of CAH10. Additionally, the pore structure of hardened cement paste was optimised for a higher compressive strength. However, excessive sodium chloride was found to delay the early hydration to some extent. When the curing temperature was increased to 40°C, sodium chloride accelerated the phase conversion, accompanied with an increase of harmful pores and a sharp decrease in compressive strength. The findings indicate a potential application of CAC-based constructions made with sea sand, especially at temperatures below 20°C.
CHOICE OF TEMPERATURE AND TIME CONDITIONS OF HEATING FOR THE COMBINED PROCESS OF BORATING AND VOLUME TRAINING OF LARGE STAMPS OF 5KhNM STEEL
Authors: Minkov K. A. , Minkov A. N. , Khlybov A. A.
Published: October 2019

The stamps for hot deformation are widely adopted in industry. In use they are affected by high temperatures, tension (close to a fluidity limit) and variable thermal loadings. High-hardenability tool steels with high mechanical characteristics are used for stamps production. In this article, the possibility of use of 5KhNM steel for this goal is considered. One of technological operations at production of stamps is training in oil. It is rational to apply volume and superficial hardening, in particular chemical heat treatment, to improve operational characteristics of stamps, including wear resistance. The way of superficial hardening by the combined heating under chemical and thermal and heat treatment is presented. As a superficial way of hardening of largesize stamps of hot deformation, it is offered to use borating. Optimum temperature and time parameters of heating under the combined heat treatment are chosen and confirmed. The offered mode of chemical heat treatment allows receiving the necessary thickness of the borated layer providing high hardness and corrosion resistance in the working range of temperatures of a stamp. Also the influence of heat treatment on structure and grain size of the samples has been researched. It is shown that with increase in temperature and hold time, the size of grain increases. It leads to decrease in strength, fluidity, hardness and impact strength that can negatively influence operational properties of stamps. For definition of mechanical characteristics, the samples (in the studied range of temperatures and excerpts) have been tested for stretching and impact strength. All tests were carried out according to the existing state standard specifications. On the basis of these results, temperature and time of borating are chosen providing high mechanical properties and thickness of a borated layer. The offered approach has allowed reducing economic costs of stamps production from 5KhNM steel by exception from technological process of repeated heating for training with saving the required operational characteristics of largesize stamps.
REGULARITIES OF DISTRIBUTION OF WIRE DEFORMATION IN MULTILAYERED STRAND AT CIRCULAR CALIBRATION COMPRESSION
Authors: Kharitonov V. A. , Ivantsov A. V. , Lapteva T. A.
Published: October 2019

The mechanism of plastic crimping of the strand has been identified and justified, as the process of formation of arches: a strong arch of wires, the appearance of each leads to a change in stressed state of the strand at reduction stages. It was established that before appearance of the first arch, wires of the outer layer and the central wire are the most priority to deformation, with the initial absence of side contacts. After appearance of each arch, stresses in wires of the arch layer become predominantly compressive, which temporarily prevents the given layer from actively deforming, up to the formation of arches in all other layers of the strand. After formation of all arches, wires of the upper layer again become the most priority to deformation. Central wire of the strand is overstrained in relation to all other wire strands at all stages of compression. The developed technique allows analyzing the degree of working out of each wire of a lock at a certain amount of reduction. It reflects the features of a multilayered strand deformation: sharp increase in width of the newly appeared contact at almost constant reduction; arches formation; non-simultaneous occurrence of new contacts in layers of strands due to the geometry of the strand and direction of the wires displacement. Application of the proposed technique allows to make rational designs of strands and ropes subjected to small and medium circular plastic crimping, as well as to determine the necessary amount of compression of strands and ropes of a particular design, proceeding from the conditions for retaining the flexibility of the rope and forming the required contact geometry of the wires. It was found that for strands with a diameter of 7.68 mm in the construction of 1 + 5 + 5/5 + 10, the most uniform development of the strand and the contacts is ensured during the reduction in the range of 3.74 < Q < 7.06 %. Intensive filling of the gaps in the strand begins at Q = 7.06 %, which determines the subsequent deformation as the limiting for the ropes working on bending both for performance characteristics and for the conditions of operation of the round caliber of a roller die.
USE OF EXPANDER-GENERATOR UNIT AT CHP OF METALLURGICAL PLANT FOR PRODUCING ELECTRIC POWER AND INCREASING EFFICIENCY OF COMPRESSOR
Authors: Klimenko A. V. , Agababov V. S. , Koryagin A. V. , Petin S. N. , Borisova P. N.
Published: October 2019

The ability of saving energy in the production of compressed air is one of the most energy-consuming production in which much of the used energy is lost. The proposed technical solution is based on the united use of two energy-saving technologies. The first of them is the use of technological pressure drop of transported natural gas which lost irrevocably when it is throttled at gas control stations. The second one is air cooling before the compressor sections to reduce compression work. A scheme of a combined steam blowing and heat power plant of a metal manufacturer is proposed. In addition to a power and heat generating turbine and a two-section air compressor with a steamturbine drive, a two-stage expander-generator unit (EGU) producing electricity and cold is used. The thermodynamics of gas expansion processes in the expander is considered, the choice of a two-stage scheme is founded. The cold produced in the EGU is used to lower the air temperature at the inlet to the first and second sections of the compressor, thus reducing fuel consumption for air compression. Using the proposed scheme allows to reduce fuel consumption to the compressor drive, to use the heat of compressed air to preheat the transported gas before the steps of the expander and to generate additional electric power. At the same time, fuel is not used to generate electricity, and the heat of the cooled air is not discharged into the environment, therefore the plant operation is characterized by high environmental performance. The procedure for calculating of fuel economy when using the proposed scheme is given. The assessment has shown that the use of this scheme allows, under given conditions of calculation, to reduce fuel consumption at the combined heat power and steam blowing plant by 11.2 thousand tons of fuel equivalent per year, which is 0.84 %. The generated electric power of the EGU will be 5.3 MW.
CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN PROCESSES OF CARBON GASIFICATION
Authors: Berdnikov V. I. , Gudim Yu. A.
Published: October 2019

Thermodynamic analysis of carbon gasification process in the presence of moisture was carried out. The chemical process was displayed by the system C – O – H with the ratios of elements in it: 1:1:2 and 1:2: 2. To work out the methods of research and verification of the results, we used a well-studied subsystem C – O. The initial array of processed data was presented by the contents of chemical components C, CO, CO2 , CH4 , H2 and H2O calculated by TERRA program. There is no single chemical reaction in the C – O – H system, so the full operating temperature range of 298 – 1400 K was divided into three characteristic areas, and each of them was analyzed separately. By comparing the numerical values of the components contents at the regions’ boundaries, we determined changes in their values during the transition from one region to another. These values were multiples of stoichiometric coefficients of the expected chemical reactions. Thus, the problem with establishment of the chemical reactions’ type was solved. But two areas of three identified reactions were complex containing more than four components. Therefore, their decomposition was performed on the basis of three more simple and characteristic reactions for these areas. As a result, the total number of reaction varieties was reduced to four – two main reactions of carbon gasification (C + 2Н2О = CO2 + 2Н2, C + CO2 = 2СО) and two reactions of formation and decomposition of methane (2C + 2Н2О = CH4 + CO2 , CH4 = C + 2Н2 ). At the same time, the proportion of each reaction in the total chemical process was determined by the balance coefficients β.The type of chemical reactions provides the necessary information about content of the system components only at the regions’ boundaries. A quantitative assessment of the chemical process within the regions can be obtained by determining the temperature dependence of the reaction coordinates on Gibbs energy of the reactions and the pressure – ξ(Т) = f [ΔrG°(Т), Р]. The coordinates of reactions ξ in combination with the balance coefficients of reactions β allow us to calculate not only the content of reagents and reaction products at any moment of reactions, but also the conditional temperatures of the beginning and end of the reactions themselves. No coefficients and parameters of the fitting character were used in the calculations. The average absolute error of the quantitative description of the results of machine simulation of the system C – O – Н – is less than 0.02 mole (per 1 mole of carbon), and for the subsystem C – O it is almost zero.
MOLECULAR DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF THE MELT OF OXIDE-FLUORIDE INDUSTRIAL SLAG-FORMING MIXTURE
Authors: Gel’chinskii B. R. , Dyul’dina E. V. , Leont’ev L. I.
Published: October 2019

The paper discusses the results of molecular dynamic simulation of a melt of the multicomponent oxide-fluoride system CaO – SiO2 – – Al2O3 – MgO – Na2O – K2O – CaF2 – FeO, corresponding to composition of industrial slag-forming mixture (SFM) used in steel casting for slag targeting in the mold of a continuous casting machine (in wt %: 35.35 % SiO2 , 30.79 % CaO, 8.58 % Al2O3 , 1.26 % MgO, 13.73 % CaF2 , 7.57 % Na2O, 0.88 % K2O, and 1.82 % FeO). These concentrations were converted to mole fractions, and the number of ions was calculated for each of the components in the model. An eightcomponent oxide-fluoride melt containing 2003 ions in the main cube with a side length of 31.01 Å was simulated under periodic boundary conditions at an experimentally determined solidification onset temperature of 1257 K at constant volume. Coulomb interaction was taken into account by the Ewald–Hansen method. The time step was 0.05t0, where t0 = 7,608·10–14 s is the internal unit of time. The melt density was taken to be 3.04 g/cm3 based on our experimental data. The interparticle interaction potentials were chosen in the Born–Mayer form. Based on the simulation results, the structure of subcrystalline groups of atoms present in the melt at the temperature of solidification onset was determined. A discussion of the simulation results and their comparison with the literature data was held. It is shown that the computer model allows one to obtain a fairly realistic picture of atomic structure of the slag melt, indicating that the main structural component of all silicate systems is silicon-oxygen tetrahedron. Tetrahedra in silicates are either in the form of structural units isolated from each other, or, connecting together through peaks, they form complex anions. It is consistent with the theory of slag melts. Molecular-dynamic simulation allows one to obtain adequate information on structure of the melt of a certain chemical composition.
To the 100th Anniversary of Boris Petrovich Bel'gol'skii
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: October 2019

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Prof. Dr. Hasan Olalı Turizm Kitaplarında Yer Alan Atıfların İncelenmesi
Authors: ÇİÇEK Dönüş , ZENCİR ÇİFTÇİ Ebru
Published: October 2019

Prof. Dr. Hasan Olalı, Türkiye’de turizm, ekonomi, işletme, finansman ve pazarlama alanlarında çalışmalarıyla tanınan, alanyazının sınıflandırma düzeninin oluşmasında etkili olan ve eserleri turizm programlarında temel kitap olarak kullanılan bilim insanıdır. “Turizm Ekonomisi”, “Turizm Politikası ve Planlaması”, “Otel İşletmeciliği” ve “Turizm Pazarlaması” kitapları bu eserlerden bazılarıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Prof. Dr. Hasan Olalı tarafından kaleme alınan turizm ile ilgili eserlerde başvurulan kaynakların bibliyometrik özellikler çerçevesinde incelenmesidir. Çalışma kapsamına alınan toplam 12 kitapta 1029 atıf bulunmaktadır. En çok atıf (139) Turizm Politikası ve Planlaması kitabında yer almaktadır. Atıf yapılan kaynakların çoğunluğunun Türkçe (403) ve Fransızca (383) eserlerden oluşmaktadır. Atıf yapılan kaynak türü arasında ilk sırada kitaplar (696) yer almaktadır. Daha çok tek yazar (741) tarafından kaleme alınan atıflarda en sık kullanılan alt konular sırasıyla; genel turizm (234), ekonomi (232), pazarlama (137) ve yönetim (76) alanındadır. Çalışmanın bulguları, turizm alanyazınına önemli katkı sağlayan bilim insanı Prof. Dr. Hasan Olalı’nın eserlerinde başvurduğu kaynakların ortaya konması ve turizm alanyazınının gelişiminde hangi yazar, kurum ve ülkelerden beslendiği konusunda bilgi vermesi açısından önemlidir.
Investment Policy of the State Bank of Russia as a Factor of Monopolization of the Siberian Gold Industry
Authors: Shakherov Vadim
Published: October 2019

The article studies the issues of development of gold mining in the Leno-Vitimsky district in the late 19th - early 20th centuries. Monopolization of the fisheries has led to the emergence of large joint stock companies. Bank investments played a crucial role in expanding gold production and developing mining infrastructure. Lending to large gold industry contributed to the growth of the influence of the Irkutsk branch of the state Bank of Russia, increased its role in the economic life of the region. Large Bank investments led to the expansion of gold-bearing areas and contributed to the introduction of new technologies and technical devices in the mines. The article traces specific examples of the investment policy of the state Bank of Russia and the role of its regional branches in Irkutsk and Bodaybo. The constant increase in the cost of developing new mines, supply, hiring workers and purchasing equipment increased competition and helped monopolize the industry. As a result, large Bank loans played a more significant role. The state Bank of Russia not only saved «Lensky Gold Industrial Partnership» from financial collapse, but also contributed to its transformation into the largest gold mining enterprise in Russia with its favorable investment policy. By controlling the activities of «Lenzoto», the state, through Bank investments, not only received significant profits, but also strengthened its influence in the gold mining industry as an important area of the Russian financial system.
The Influence of Institutions in the Revival of Single-Industry Towns
Authors: Anokhov Igor
Published: October 2019

In Russia, the problems related to the ability of the state to realize the will of the whole society and defend national interests remain extremely acute, while demonstrating high efficiency in comparison with other countries. It seems that the solution to these problems largely depends on the nature of the created institutions. The aim of the article is to develop ways to release the creative potential of the masses. Despite the officially proclaimed democratic system, the political system in Russia is based on various forms of coercion that paralyse creative social activity. As a result, institutions have lost flexibility and the ability to create something new. This is an obvious danger in the context of kaleidoscopically changing world events. The inadequacy of institutions at the current moment leads to a series of lost opportunities, stagnation in the economy and deceleration of key areas. Institutions are the most accessible for research at the time of their breaking. Given that the properties of the general can be found in the private, the theoretical theses presented in the article have been applied to Russian single-industry towns, the political and economic future of which is in question. Thus, the author provides a road map for the development of single-industry towns institutions, contributing to the solution of their fundamental problems. Based on the study, the article concludes that the policy of modernization of single-industry towns should take into account the peculiarities of institutional development and be carried out with the active participation of state and local authorities. However, the policy applied today in this sphere is ineffective and cannot give the required result, because it does not take into account the role of institutions. Changing the policy of the state in terms of designing development institutions will contribute to the formation of a new economy in Russia and sustainable development of the state.
Development and Implementation of Socio-Economic Projects of the Complex Program Siberia in the 1980-1990
Authors: Kupershtokh Natalya
Published: October 2019

The article analyzes the history of development and implementation of socio-economic projects as a part of complex program Siberia in 1980-1990. The author demonstrates the key role of the researchers from Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The author concludes that the major accomplishment of the economists who worked under Siberia program was the substantiation of rapid development of economic and social development of Siberia, living standards improvement, radical structural reorganization of the economy intensifying the key role of Siberia in supplying the country with strategic natural recourses. Historical experience of socio-economic project formulation as a part of Siberia program can be used by economists in preparing regional development programs in the modern times. The author sets following objectives in the article: to study main tasks and implementation results of socio-economic projects of Siberia program; show the key role of Siberian academic economists; describe real integration of professionals from different institutions co-working on the projects of this cluster. The author uses modernization theory as a methodological framework of this article. The theory examines complexity and interrelation of economic, social, cultural transformations of the society. As a source of the research the author used papers of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences academic archive, published collections of documents, articles of press media.
Working Poor in Modern Russia
Authors: Ashmarov Igor
Published: October 2019

The problem considered in the article is the problem of poverty, as well as the problem of citizens who are called the new poor or the working poor in Russia today. Unfortunately, there are no statistics on the working poor, in our country but we believe that this is a very large part of the population of modern Russia. The article reveals in detail the concept of poverty, considers the phenomenon of poverty in Russia, as well as the national traits of poverty in our country and shows its national characteristics. We attributed to them such traits as wide spread of poverty in Russia, both in urban and rural areas; also, women are referred to the poor population most frequently, the ones who are left with their children without any financial support on the part of their spouses. Russias economy has faced a unique phenomenon of the working poor. The employees who perform their work functions in their workplaces get so low payment for their work that they can be regarded as the working poor. The article brings forth international statistics on poverty in Russia, the source of which being objective information of the World Bank as a UN institution. On this basis, it keeps track of the dynamics of poverty in Russia and draws the corresponding findings and the conclusion.
Accounting in Terms of Crisis
Authors: Rasputina Alla , Ziboreva Olga
Published: October 2019

The modern world is filled with crisis situations in various areas of human life. The outflow of foreign investment from Russia began in 2014, after introduction of sanctions and departure of large foreign companies from the domestic market. The internal factor leading to a crisis in the economy, and as a consequence - in accounting, is the lack of conditions for doing business in Russia. The number of liquidated domestic companies, according to statistics in 2017, exceeded the number of the newly created ones. The experts explain the changed approach to registration of organizations by improving the governmental control of the compulsory tax payments. Accountants have to work in updated transformed conditions, under which: there are constant changes in the financial law, and, in particular, in the tax legislation; the increase in tax penalties over the past few years, as well as the introduction of new fines, taxes and fees, and not only the tax ones; the development of accounting process automation, which affects the number of accountants towards its reduction, and in this connection - the increase of the professional requirements to the accountant work.