bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eusebius the Evangelist
Authors: Coogan Jeremiah
Published: October 2022

Eusebius the Evangelist analyzes Eusebius of Caesarea’s fourth-century reconfiguration of the Gospels as a window into broader questions of technology and textuality in the ancient Mediterranean. The four Gospels of the New Testament (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John) share language, narratives, and ideas, yet they also differ in structure and detail. The sophisticated system through which Eusebius organized this intricate web of textual relationships is known as the Eusebian apparatus. Eusebius’ editorial intervention—involving tables, sectioning, and tables of contents—participates in a broader late ancient transformation in reading and knowledge. To illuminate Eusebius’ innovative use of textual technologies, the study juxtaposes diverse ancient disciplines—including chronography, astronomy, geography, medicine, philosophy, and textual criticism—with a wide range of early Christian sources, attending to neglected evidence from material texts and technical literature. These varied phenomena reveal how Eusebius’ fourfold Gospel worked in the hands of readers. Eusebius’ creative juxtapositions of Gospel material had an enduring impact on Gospel reading. Not only did Eusebius continue earlier trajectories of Gospel writing, but his apparatus continued to generate new possibilities in the hands of readers. For more than a millennium, in more than a dozen languages and in thousands of manuscripts, Eusebius’ invention transformed readers’ encounters with Gospel text on the page. By employing emerging textual technologies, Eusebius created new possibilities of reading, thereby rewriting the fourfold Gospel in a significant and durable way.
Introdeleuze (who and why?)
Authors: Moore Stephen D.
Published: October 2022

This introductory chapter distills many of the principal elements of Deleuzian philosophy (the plane of immanence, the virtual, becoming, sensation, affect, assemblage, desire, the Body without Organs); explains their pertinence and promise for radically rethinking the Bible and its interpretation (not least, rethinking biblical criticism, and biblical reading more broadly, in terms other than interpretation); and previews the project of the book. The chapter also situates Deleuzian thought as a crucial catalyst for certain of the sweeping shifts that have transformed critical theory since the demise of “high” poststructuralism in its panlinguistic and hypertextualist modes—namely, the interconnected turns away from poststructuralism’s trademark preoccupations (language, representation, ideology) toward affect, the nonrepresentational, the material, and the nonhuman.
Text (the Bible without organs)
Authors: Moore Stephen D.
Published: October 2022

What am I reading when I read my Bible with Deleuze and Guattari? First, I am reading (in) flux and as such affectively. Second, I am reading (in) an assemblage and as such in prepersonal and transpersonal interrelationality. Third, I am reading a book—the Book, indeed—of order-words and as such resistantly. Fourth, I am reading a book that expresses everything while communicating nothing. Fifth, I am reading a book of two warring deities. One of these deities is an ultraterritorializing God, an altogether despotic deity, Deleuze and Guattari’s “lobster God.” The other deity is an all but inarticulable God but one worthier of the name, a God who may not be a God at all, as God is customarily conceived, a God better conceived as a Body without Organs, Deleuze and Guattari’s most intractable and most intriguing paratheological term.
Body (why there are no bodies in the Bible, and how to read them anyway)
Authors: Moore Stephen D.
Published: October 2022

In early Christian studies, as in classics, the ancient body has gradually dissolved, being reconceived and remolded as discursively and performatively constructed. But is the constructed body the only body that theory and criticism, including biblical criticism, are equipped to access? Might Deleuzian theory enable us to exit the Foucauldian-Butlerian paradox of a body that has no articulable existence anterior to the discourses and performances that enflesh it? What narratological form might such exiting take as we engage with, say, the Jesuses of the Synoptic Gospels and their abiding affects? Such reimagining might begin with the observation that early Christian narratives, like all narratives, contain no corporeal entities whatsoever, no bodies as such to know, whether human or nonhuman, but only incorporeal bodies (in the Deleuzian sense), which demand a different kind of knowing, a different mode of engagement, and hence a return to theoretical first principles.
Introduction
Authors: Hüsken Ute
Published: October 2022

In her introduction to the volume, the editor lays out the general scope of the contributions: All chapters address the changing role of women in Buddhism and Hinduism, albeit in very specific historical and local settings, looking at the dynamics unfolding in the present, and theorizing on religious agency as a process. A unique team of scholars from the fields of South Asian studies, religious studies, anthropology, the study of political cultures, and ritual studies explore case studies from Kalmykia, the Caribbean, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and from several parts of India (Varanasi, Maharashtra, Kerala, Tamil Nadu).
Exclusion, Secrecy, and the (Under)ground
Authors: Gazizova Valeriya
Published: October 2022

This chapter explores the diversity of and controversy around female agency in the religious scene of Kalmykia, a republic in the southwest of Russia and the only region in Europe where Buddhism is historically practiced. The author looks at the “transportation” of religious transmission from male to female spaces and discusses the attendant religious transformations, arguing that the Kalmyk sociocultural construction of the female allowed for this development. While traditional Kalmyk society was characterized by male dominance and no Buddhist nunneries existed in the past, the Soviet and post-Soviet eras—undoubtedly traumatic in many ways—brought opportunities for women to reassert and reposition themselves as religious specialists and in certain cases even as religious leaders. When Buddhism remained illegal in Kalmykia until the late 1980s, it became a secret activity practiced in an underground manner, both metaphorically and literally, being practiced in houses built halfway into the ground, and shifting to the marginal realm of women.
Female Agency in Buddhism and Hinduism
Authors: Starkey Caroline
Published: October 2022

During the workshop in Heidelberg in July 2018, the assembled researchers reflected on and discussed their own position and attitude “in the field,” and how their political stances would, should, or could impact their research. These discussions were continued by the author after the workshop with some of the participants. This chapter reflects these critical self-reflective conversations of the authors featured in this collection about method and methodology in the study of women’s agency in Buddhism and Hinduism. In most settings dealt with in the chapters of this volume, one encounters a strong resistance to “feminism” or to what is seen as a “feminist agenda.” Yet on this and other central issues one detects a multiplicity of voices and outlooks within the communities under investigation. More often than not, the researcher’s own approach is “challenged and changed in the process of the research,” the author finds.
A Tale of Two Stūpas
Authors: Welter Albert
Published: October 2022

This chapter looks at the stories of creation, destruction, and revival of Yongming Stūpa and Leifeng Pagoda within the larger context of Chinese Buddhism, particularly in terms of the larger dynamics of suppression and revival in Chinese Buddhism. By looking at past patterns of construction, deconstruction, and revival, we are able to assess the complex role that Buddhism plays in Chinese society through the persistence of its institutional structures, with particular reference to the Yongming Stūpa and Leifeng Pagoda. It also examines them in terms of the revival of Buddhism in contemporary China, concluding with some reflections on the future of China’s Buddhist past, given the dynamics we have observed in this work and their persistence down to the present day.
Introduction
Authors: Snyder Michael
Published: October 2022

Tracing out the trajectory of Purdy’s career, the Introduction begins with a prologue describing Dame Edith Sitwell’s rapturous encounter in 1956 with the stories of an unknown American writer. It summarizes the strategy by which Purdy, who struggled to get published, was aided by two friends who privately published a story collection and a novella. Purdy mailed them to writers, poets, and critics with whom he thought his work might resonate and received copious responses from notables like Tennessee Williams. The support of recipients like Edith Sitwell and his greatest early American champion, Carl Van Vechten, led to his publication in Great Britain, then in the United States. Sitwell’s predictions that Purdy would receive great recognition in the future did not happen, and the Introduction explores various reasons why he remained a cult writer instead of becoming canonical, after a boom of critical praise and academic attention in the early-to-mid-1960s.
The Running Sons
Authors: Snyder Michael
Published: October 2022

While the United States prepared for war, Purdy enlisted and served in the Army Air Corps but was not sent overseas. After basic training, he did desk jobs and was trained in the Spanish language. He was stationed near Biloxi, Mississippi, writing in his tent or barracks. A few weeks after the invasion of Pearl Harbor, Purdy was honorably discharged following throat surgery. He then acted as Norman MacLeish’s personal assistant and companion, traveling into Mexico. Next, he worked for the US Office of Education, part of the Federal Security Agency, in inter-American education relations, before training in Spanish in Puebla, Mexico. He returned to the University of Chicago for more Spanish study, moving in with Gertrude Abercrombie, her husband, and daughter, and mixed with artists and jazz musicians. Soon after the close of World War II, he taught in Havana, Cuba. He struggled to publish, but another story was published in 1946.
Success Story
Authors: Snyder Michael
Published: October 2022

The chapter traces Purdy’s move to New York, the reception of Malcolm (1959), the drafting of The Nephew, and a visit from Italo Calvino. In August 1957 the couple moved to Manhattan so that James could pursue his writing career in the cultural center. Purdy and Sjoblom entered Carl Van Vechten’s glittering social world and “Jaime” and “Carlo” began to exchange a flurry of letters and poems. Through him Purdy met writer Coleman Dowell, who became a rival, and the dancer and mime Paul Swan. New Directions published Color of Darkness in December 1957, collecting stories and the novella 63: Dream Palace. Purdy’s work was brave in treating homosexuality sympathetically. He was now successfully placing his stories in major magazines. He was pursued and signed by Farrar, Straus & Cudahy and Robert Giroux became his editor. In late 1958, Jorma and James moved into a studio apartment in Brooklyn Heights.
Threshold of Assent
Authors: Snyder Michael
Published: October 2022

This chapter has Purdy reaching the threshold of assent, borrowing a chapter title from The Nephew (1960). He reached a crest of critical praise and received prestigious grants. The Nephew’s reception by poets, writers, and critics is traced, including responses from William Carlos Williams and James Merrill. Outrage and fallout followed the novel’s publication in Bowling Green, Ohio, since characters were based on locals. His father there and mother in Findlay dealt with Richard Purdy’s alcoholism after his acting career nosedived in 1957. In 1961, dramatizations of Purdy’s works including Malcolm were staged in New York involving stars like Ruth Ford and Eli Wallach. A second collection included two short plays that were published in women’s magazines, showing his broad appeal. Edith Sitwell gave Children Is All hosannahs of praise, stoking envy and a desire to question it in some.
Lighting Out
Authors: Snyder Michael
Published: October 2022

This chapter narrates three 1970s summers that Purdy spent in the Bay Area, socializing with old friends like Sam Steward and Bob Helps and making new friends. It was rare for him to spend so much time away from New York. It traces the creation of his classic short novel, In a Shallow Grave, and his gothic horror, Narrow Rooms, both published by Arbor House, to whom he signed after Doubleday. While the former received a positive review in the New York Times by novelist Jerome Charyn, Narrow Rooms was given a drubbing in the Times by Katha Pollitt, which Purdy obsessed upon. He spent the summer of 1978 in Provincetown, much of it with his young friend, writer John Stewart Wynne. The chapter also narrates the emergence of a long-lasting friendship between Purdy and the actor John Uecker, who became his assistant, companion, and director of his plays.
A Brilliant Commodity
Authors: Snyder Saskia Coenen
Published: October 2022

During the late nineteenth century, thousands of diggers, prospectors, merchants, and dealers extracted and shipped over 50 million carats of rough diamonds from South Africa to Europe. The primary supplier to the world, South Africa’s diamond fields became one of the formative sites of modern capitalist production. At each stage of the diamond’s route through the British empire and beyond—from Cape Town to London, from Amsterdam to New York City—carbon gems were primarily traded, appraised, manufactured, and sold by Jews. A Brilliant Commodity traces how once-peripheral Jewish populations became the central architects of a new, global exchange of diamonds that connected African sites of supply, European manufacturing centers, American retailers, and Western consumers. Centuries of restrictions had limited Jews to trade and finance, businesses that relied heavily on internal networks. Jews were well positioned to become key players in the earliest stage of the diamond trade and its growth into a global industry, a development fueled by technological advancements, a dramatic rise in the demand of luxury goods, and an abundance of rough stones. Mercantile and familial ties across continents aided Jews in creating a highly successful commodity chain that included buyers, brokers, cutters, factory owners, financiers, and retailers. Working within a diasporic ethnic community that bridged city and countryside, metropole and colony, Jews helped build a flourishing diamond industry, notably Hatton Garden in London and the Diamond District of New York City, and a place for themselves in the modern world.
Conclusion
Authors: Snyder Saskia Coenen
Published: October 2022

The concluding chapter takes the international diamond trade into the twentieth-century, particularly the 1930s and 1940s. It zooms in on two Jewish trailblazers in the business: Henri Polak, the founder of the Dutch Diamond Workers’ Union and Ernest Oppenheimer, chairman of De Beers Consolidated Mining Company in South African and London. Juxtaposing these extraordinary figures, the conclusion brings together the multifaceted history of the international diamond trade. The conclusion underscores that Jews played formative roles in the creation of a lasting commodity chain in gems. In turn, diamonds helped shape the modern Jewish experience on three continents. But gemstones also exhibited their power outside the immediate orbit of commerce, influencing urban planning, spawning labor movements, manipulating spending habits, coloring stereotypes about Jews, and driving patterns of migration. A close analysis of the diamond reveals the interconnectedness of Jewish and imperial histories, as well as the complexities of the modern world.
The Attribute of Omnisubjectivity (2013, 2016)
Authors: Zagzebski Linda Trinkaus
Published: October 2022

This paper is an expanded and modified version of Zagzebski’s 2013 Aquinas Lecture, Omnisubjectivity: A Defense of a Divine Attribute. Omnisubjectivity as Zagzebski defines it is the property of having a complete and perfect grasp of the subjective states of all beings with subjectivity from the first-person perspective of those beings. This paper argues that omnisubjectivity is entailed by omniscience and omnipresence and is implied by common practices of prayer. The paper also includes some reflections on the implications of omnisubjectivity for the doctrine of the Trinity. The aim is to explain how omnisubjectivity is possible without merging the mind of God with the minds of creatures.
Ethics in Transdisciplinary Practice
Authors: Burris Scott , Berman Micah L. , Penn Matthew , Holiday Tara Ramanathan
Published: October 2022

This chapter defines the three basic meanings of ethics: as a way of defining the “Good,” as a set of basic principles that emerge from ethical deliberation, and as a way of establishing standards to interact with professionals outside a given field. The chapter explores professional ethical codes from law, medicine, and public health and identifies ways in which ethics are supported or enforced through law.
The Constitution, Federalism, and Federal Preemption
Authors: Burris Scott , Berman Micah L. , Penn Matthew , Holiday Tara Ramanathan
Published: October 2022

This chapter examines the role of the Constitution in federal government, defines federalism, and explains the types of federal preemption at play in public health policy. The chapter begins with an exploration of the U.S. Constitution; it explains the Constitution’s history and the role that the Constitution plays in public health policy formation. The chapter next defines the concept of federalism and details the Supremacy Clause and the Tenth Amendment. It briefly discusses the division of labor and authority between state/local governments and the federal government regarding public health laws. Last, the chapter delves into the concept of federal preemption. It applies the concepts of preemption to an in-depth example involving tobacco regulation; this example explores both express and implied preemption.
Constitutional Limitations
Authors: Burris Scott , Berman Micah L. , Penn Matthew , Holiday Tara Ramanathan
Published: October 2022

This chapter reviews the impact of the First and Second Amendments to the U.S. Constitution on the exercise of the police power for public health. The chapter reviews how the courts have applied the First Amendment’s Free Speech Clause to health measures touching commercial speech and describes the standards courts use to assess whether public health laws unconstitutionally burden religious practice. Finally, the chapter explains the limitations imposed on gun control measures by the Second Amendment and the interplay of law and politics in the regulation of firearms.
Strategic Considerations in Creating a Legal Proposal
Authors: Burris Scott , Berman Micah L. , Penn Matthew , Holiday Tara Ramanathan
Published: October 2022

Chapter 15 reviews the importance of strategy and research in the formation and drafting of a proposed public health law, including assessing potential support and opposition. The chapter dictates an iterative process whereby the proposal’s drafter should first seek to understand their own proposal and its goals, explore the values- and practical-based interests behind why anyone would care about the legal proposal, identify groups of people and individuals who sympathize with or oppose the interests or burdens underlying all aspects of the proposal, research the history and positions of these groups, and anticipate challenges to the proposed enactment and implementation.
The Politics of Force
Authors: Lawrence Regina G. , Richardson Allissa V.
Published: October 2022

This book considers how media coverage of unexpected, dramatic events shapes public consciousness about important social and political problems. It argues that when incidents of police brutality become news, they offer one of the few real battlegrounds available for marginalized voices and activists to find a public platform and take on the powerful. Including new chapters that look more closely at race and racial justice in incidents of police force, the text reflects on the context in which the first edition was written—a time when race and policing were rarely discussed in the news or in the field of political communication—and considers what has changed in media studies since the year 2000, what hasn’t changed, and why. It considers coverage of more recent incidents of police violence and the ways in which the voices of citizen activists are treated in the news today. The text also addresses the important question of how defining political problems through such events might or might not produce more lasting policy change.
Making Big News
Authors: Lawrence Regina G.
Published: October 2022

This chapter determines which police use-of-force incidents become major news stories and looks at how they differ from those that do not. It cites cases of police use of force that were reported in the New York Times and the Los Angeles Times between 1985 and 1994. Interestingly, only a handful of these became major, highly controversial news stories. The chapter also explains how these cases present a puzzle as the details of many of these incidents are similarly ambiguous and could be construed as disturbing. The chapter highlights the contextual factors that influenced the news coverage of the Rodney King case. These factors provide the starting point for more systematic analysis that examines the varying news coverage given to a large number of use-of-force incidents. The chapter develops a typology of critical story cues which influence how use-of-force incidents are represented in the news.
Accidents Will Happen
Authors: Lawrence Regina G.
Published: October 2022

This chapter considers questions about the prevalence and causes of police brutality, which have continued to spark controversy in both New York and Los Angeles. It illustrates this with the Amadou Diallo case, which initiated an intensive struggle to define a policing problem in New York, even making its way into the presidential campaign. The chapter also explores the meaning of future news events, which can be constructed out of the complex interplay between communication strategies and story cues as police, elected officials, experts, activists, and grassroots communities vie to push the story in different directions. The chapter presents a research and theoretical framework that more closely joins studies of the social construction of the news with studies of the construction of public problems. It discusses how the official dominance of the public definitions of policy issues, also known as institutionally driven problem definition, anchors one end of a continuum of news dynamics.
A New Conclusion
Authors: Lawrence Regina G.
Published: October 2022

This chapter centers on George Floyd, who was killed by Minneapolis police on May 25, 2020. His death was excruciatingly captured in a bystander video that quickly went viral, which accelerated the growth in media attention on policing, underway since the death of Michael Brown in 2014. The chapter explains how the resulting increased attention caused a shift toward framing police brutality as a systemic problem—a framing that emerged quickly in the news about Floyd’s death. The chapter reveals how the issue of police brutality usually appears only sporadically in the news and police use of force is usually framed in ways that normalize rather than problematize it. Most use-of-force incidents receive only short, episodically framed coverage in the absence of story cues such as competing eyewitness accounts, legal proceedings against officers, or citizen protests.
Judicial
Authors: Steinglass Steven H. , Scarselli Gino J.
Published: October 2022

Article IV organizes the judicial branch and covers the structure, powers, and jurisdiction of Ohio’s “constitutional courts”—the Ohio Supreme Court, the Ohio Courts of Appeals, and the Ohio Courts of Common Pleas—and any “statutory courts” that the General Assembly creates. Problems with Ohio’s judicial system, especially its lack of efficiency, were among the principal reasons for the adoption of the 1851 Ohio Constitution. Consistent with changes being made in other states during the wave of constitutional revision in the post-Jacksonian era, the 1851 Constitution transferred the power to select judges from the General Assembly to the voters. In 1912, amendments to this article created intermediate courts of appeals, increased the membership on the Ohio Supreme Court from six to seven justices, and created the position of an elected chief justice. The 1912 amendments also added a supermajority requirement that limited the ability of the Ohio Supreme Court to hold state statutes unconstitutional. The Modern Courts Amendment, adopted in 1968, made extensive revisions in this article, including the elimination of the supermajority requirement.
Corporations
Authors: Steinglass Steven H. , Scarselli Gino J.
Published: October 2022

Article XIII deals with the formation of corporations and with the power of the state to regulate them. The 1851 Constitution adopted this article in response to the abuses involved in the incorporation of private and municipal corporations under the 1802 Constitution. Private and municipal corporations are “creatures of the state,” owing their existence to state law, and this article forbids the General Assembly from passing special acts “conferring corporate powers.” This article also limits the power of the General Assembly to adopt legislation concerning banking powers without the approval of the voters, and it limits the imposition of personal liability on stockholders beyond their share of stock in a corporation.
Cultivating Belonging
Authors: Stein Jan Edl
Published: October 2022

This chapter addresses the emotional responses of anxiety, fear, depression, and dissociation that may all arise in times of collective crisis or perceived collective threat from a clinical, experiential viewpoint. Referencing the COVID-19 crisis and lessons learned from a clinical practice during this time, Jan Edl Stein uses a depth and somatic psychology lens to explore ecopsychological developments and interventions that can address these responses, cultivate resilience, and promote a radical shift in perspective that is more sustainable going forward. Cultivating this shift in perspective and self/other experience is essential for successfully traversing a collective trauma event and emerging with resilience and a more sustainable perspective. The author shows how these approaches are applicable to climate change trauma, while also referencing her own experiences navigating and recovering from the coronavirus.
Walking, Wilderness, and Exposure
Authors: Kirby Christopher C.
Published: October 2022

This chapter examines Thoreau’s experiences on Mt. Katahdin, vis-à-vis exposure science and wilderness therapy. A close reading of Thoreau’s account suggests the experience had a profound effect on him, emotionally and philosophically, an effect that is relevant to environmental exposure and eco-vulnerability in the contexts of the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change. Thoreau’s experience on that mountain presented to him an aspect of wilderness antithetical to the romantic, transcendentalist notions he previously held and ultimately led to more nuanced, therapeutic depictions found in works like “Walking” and Walden. That such a reconciliation was possible for Thoreau suggests a privileged insulation from trauma not afforded to many. It also indicates the value of both philosophical contemplation and wilderness therapy to promote psychological resilience and adaptability. The author argues philosophers should begin to engage conceptually and normatively with exposure, vulnerability, and resilience.
Setting Up for Practice with Eco-Conscious Clients
Authors: Jones Jamie Keaton
Published: October 2022

This chapter covers ways that therapists can make their settings more eco-sensitive to meet the needs of their clients and the planet. It covers the following topics: office location, location amenities, landscaping around the office, furniture, therapist clothing choice, notes and online forms, temperature control, lighting, office etiquette, the presence of eco-conscious therapy props, and ways to incorporate these suggestions in sessions that use videoconferencing. Each of these sections will contain examples, research, and practical applications and suggestions. At the conclusion of the chapter, readers will understand how their office settings can be used to support clients seeking treatment for eco-anxiety and beyond.
Telepsychology as the Primary Mental Health Care Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Philippines
Authors: Hernani Emmanuel Villoria
Published: October 2022

This chapter discusses the role of telepsychology in the response to the pandemic in the Philippines. In response to this crisis, professionals and organizations offered online services instead of the usual face-to-face interactions in observance of the implemented quarantine and social distancing. Consequently, telepsychology became a viable tool for addressing mental health issues. This chapter discusses the author’s experience in doing telepsychology and the actions taken by other service providers; ethical and legal issues in the practice of telepsychology; and challenges in light of sociocultural and economic milieus. As an emerging economy, many Filipinos live below the poverty line and have little or no internet access. The Filipino family system, beliefs about mental health and illness, and the physical arrangement of a typical Filipino household also pose challenges. This chapter also examines amendments of existing protocols and policies to include telehealth platforms.
An Empire of Liberty? 1790–1793
Authors: Covo Manuel
Published: October 2022

The struggle over free trade revealed the competition of colonial pressure groups and shed light on imperial revolutionary politics. The free-trade debate could not be disentangled from Saint-Domingue’s racial context. Under these circumstances, the colonial and revolutionary politics of the early 1790s were at odds with the philosophical standpoints of all the actors involved. The chapter looks at the bitter debates between and among French revolutionaries, merchants, Saint-Domingue colonists, mixed-race planters, and other interest groups over the exclusif (colonial monopoly), the rights of free people of color, and the relationship between colonies and metropole. The eruption of the largest slave insurrection in history and the creation of the republic raised the stakes of the controversy.
Politicizing Merchant Identities, 1793–1798
Authors: Covo Manuel
Published: October 2022

The chapter describes how new patterns of commercial circulation in a Caribbean at war challenged and generated political identities in the new revolutionary polities. The commercial partnership remained strong between Saint-Domingue, which exported coffee in substantial quantities, and the United States, which provisioned the island. Although remaining loyal to France through treaty, American ship owners were still willing to trade with the enemy using the usual subterfuges, forged documents, and layovers in Scandinavian colonies. And the ambitions of states to control the flow of goods and people did not change their dependence on cooperation with merchants for food, credit, and ammunition. The political situation led traders to classify their activities in political terms, defining themselves as French, American, British, or Danish, refugee or deportee, royalist or republican, privateer or smuggler, whatever was acceptable to local authorities. However, the chaotic construction of imperial nation-states and their bureaucratic infrastructures made such fluidity increasingly difficult and explosive. An undeclared naval war between France and the United States started in 1798.
Trade and War: A Fiscal-Military State Within the French Empire, 1797–1801
Authors: Covo Manuel
Published: October 2022

This chapter follows the formation of Toussaint Louverture’s quasi-state as the subverted hub of commercial republicanism. After the British rapprochement with the United States shattered the French-American alliance, the French-British war consolidated the commercial partnership between the besieged French colony and the early American republic. Through an unstable and explosive sequence of events, Toussaint Louverture refashioned both the French-American alliance and the French Empire on his own terms. After 1797, Toussaint Louverture legalized the partnership and realized his vision of a fiscal-military state within the French Empire that had little to do with either republicanism or liberty of commerce. This quasi-state remained caught between the ambitions of rival empires, the overreach of powerful merchants, growing internal popular resistance, and a looming metropolitan backlash.
Seeking Truth and Hiding Facts
Authors: Wallace Jeremy L.
Published: October 2022

A few numbers came to define Chinese politics, until they did not count what mattered and what they counted did not measure up. Seeking Truth and Hiding Facts argues that the Chinese government adopted a system of limited, quantified vision in order to survive the disasters unleashed by Mao Zedong’s ideological leadership, explains how that system worked, and analyzes how problems accumulated in its blind spots leading Xi Jinping to take the regime into a neopolitical turn. Xi’s new normal is an attempt to fix the problems of the prior system, as well as a hedge against an inability to do so. The book argues that while of course dictators stay in power through coercion and co-optation, they also do so by convincing their populations and themselves of their right to rule. Quantification is one tool in this persuasive arsenal, but it comes with its own perils.
Deployments and Crime
Authors: Allen Michael A. , Flynn Michael E. , Machain Carla Martinez , Stravers Andrew
Published: October 2022

This chapter examines how criminal victimization of civilians and members of their social network affect respondents' views of the US military, government, and people. Reported experience with crime relates to attitudes in varied ways. In some countries, those personally experiencing crime have more positive views of the US military presence than those who did not. In others, these experiences correlate with a lower likelihood of expressing positive views of the US military presence. In contrast, the effect of knowing someone who has been the victim of a crime committed by a US service member is more consistently negative across countries. In addition, having had personal contact with the US military can moderate the negative effect of crime on views of the US military presence. Assessing these negative interactions in the context of contact and economic benefits makes it possible to specify better the full Domain of Competitive Consent.
Introduction
Authors: Arce Moisés , Hendricks, Michael S. , Polizzi Marc S.
Published: October 2022

This introductory chapter situates resource conflicts in the Global South by highlighting the importance of resource extraction to developing economies in Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa. It presents the positive and negative externalities that are commonly associated with extractive activities. It suggests that an approach based on individual-level attitudes enables researchers to get closer to the roots or micro-politics, where views over mining are formed or reinforced. This approach provides a more representative picture of the diversity of views about mining, particularly in conflict areas where opposition to mining appears to be widespread. These individual views, in turn, inform mobilizing strategies over mining, which to date have been the main focus of the existing literature on this subject.
Understanding Opposition to and Support for Resource Extraction
Authors: Arce Moisés , Hendricks, Michael S. , Polizzi Marc S.
Published: October 2022

This chapter reviews the contributions of the existing literature and shows how an approach based on individual attitudes fills important gaps in the current scholarship. It develops the theoretical arguments about social engagement and how it helps to differentiate individuals who oppose mining from those who support these activities. It emphasizes what individuals get from participation in local organizations (e.g., critical information about mining threats, empowerment, a community worldview free of mining) and how these outcomes work to shape or reinforce views about mining. The chapter also situates the threats and opportunities presented by mining by drawing attention to the nature of claims over extractive activities, which we categorized as either rejection or redistribution claims. The chapter concludes by explaining the selection of case studies and the research methodology informing the empirical analysis.
Choosing a Good Society
Authors: Congleton Roger D.
Published: October 2022

When choosing among alternative constitutional designs and constraints for governments, forward-looking voters will delegate authority to governments only to the extent that they believe them to be trustworthy, which in turn varies with the ethos commonplace among government officials. The more trustworthy government employees and elected officials are perceived to be relative to others, the more authority voters will be inclined to delegate to their governments. Institutional designs alone are not sufficient to generate good government—as evidenced by recent findings that suggest that constitutional democracies vary in their performance because of differences in their most commonplace ethical dispositions.
The Expressive Instinct
Authors: Kaimal Girija
Published: October 2022

The premise of this book is that creative self-expression is as fundamental to mental health and well-being as physical exercise and nutritious food are to the body. The author seeks to explain the human instinct for creative expression: why it exists, what happens when we cannot express ourselves effectively, the sublimating role of creativity, how it aids healing, and how it can help us thrive biologically, psychologically, spiritually, and physically (including as sexual beings). The four goals of the book are as follows: (1) to dispel the idea that creativity is the domain of a select gifted few; (2) to democratize the idea of creative self-expression and share evidence from neurobiology and neuroscience on how making things, innovating, and bridging from the intangible of the imagination to the concreteness of objects promotes well-being; (3) to show how, when we face adversity and trauma to an extent that threatens our own capacity to function, working with someone like an art therapist who can serve a facilitative role can help us develop a sense of belonging and function adaptively in the world again; and (4) to provide suggestions on how the results of research on creative self-expression and well-being can be integrated into our lives and what we have to look forward to in the future.
What lies ahead?
Authors: Kaimal Girija
Published: October 2022

My aim with this book was to cover theory, historical perspectives, and research on the role of creative self-expression (mainly visual art) in our lives. To see the value of our innate creative potential and to use our imaginative skills to engage in self-expression is to be able to survive and thrive. Creative materials, strategies, and tools exist to tell our stories in word and image, democratizing creative capacity in the process. Each day is then the start of a new quest, adding learning through experiences to the continuing tale that is our collective and individual human journey. Although there is an emerging and robust body of research on arts and health, much remains to be known. We are entering the new world of art media at the intersection of digital tools and societal transformation. Creative self-expression can help us at the individual level and could also transform communities through the same principles of communication, empathy, and metaphors. New forms of expression and innovative research tools await us in preparing the next generation of creative individuals, arts therapists, and arts and health workers.
Climate Future
Authors: Pindyck Robert S.
Published: October 2022

Most books and articles about climate change focus on two important questions. First, what will growing emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) mean for the climate over the coming decades? By how much will temperatures increase and sea levels rise? And what will be the economic and social damage resulting from these changes? Second, what should be done to avert climate change? By how much and how rapidly should GHG emissions be reduced? Is a carbon tax the best policy tool, and if so, how large should the tax be? But two additional questions are equally important. First, while we might agree on what should be done, we must ask what will be done to avert climate change. Is it realistic to expect worldwide emissions to fall rapidly enough to prevent severe climate change? Second, if we conclude it is not realistic, so that higher temperatures and rising sea levels are likely, what should we do? What actions should we take now to reduce the likely impact of climate change? These questions are the focus of this book. The book explains how and why there is considerable uncertainty over what might happen. We might be lucky and experience only mild climate change, but counting on good luck is not smart policy. This book shows that given the economic and political realities, it is simply not realistic to expect the GHG emission reductions needed to avert substantial global warming. We should therefore invest now in adaptation to reduce the possible impacts of warming, and this book shows how that can be done.
Writing Up the Research Findings
Authors: Brinkmann Svend
Published: October 2022

A common problem in qualitative interviewing concerns how to reduce or condense the often large amounts of data in interview studies. Chapter 5, on writing up the research findings, uses this problem as a springboard for describing more generally how to report research findings in ways that are both compelling and rigorous. The chapter refers to examples of findings that are based on theoretical readings of qualitative data and also discusses ways of presenting findings that are much freer from social science theory. There are numerous ways of writing up the findings, among them ways that make use of inductive, deductive, and abductive strategies, which are all discussed. The chapter also advocates the use of displays, which are graphic presentations of large amounts of data in ways that include what is central and makes transparent what has been left out.
Traveler’s Rest
Authors: Lischer Richard
Published: October 2022

Augustine’s journey of faith is a travelogue that takes him from Carthage to Rome to Milan and, at last, to the heart of God. Along the way, he will learn a great deal from the death of a young man he loves. A beggar will teach him a lesson about true happiness. Disillusioned with Manicheism, he at last finds a Christian he can look up to: Ambrose, bishop of Milan. Ambrose helps him bridge the divide between Platonism and Christianity. Not only is Augustine seeking God, but God is searching for him. In a garden in Milan, his crisis comes to a head. The drama of conversion is completed in high literary style. Afterward, he quits rhetoric and gives up sex. He and his mother rejoice together and share a mystical experience of heaven. Soon after, his mother dies. Augustine returns to Africa with his friends. His book ends with a prayer for his mother.
An Illness and a Healing
Authors: Lischer Richard
Published: October 2022

Novelist Reynolds Price had everything going for him—love, artistic success, reputation—until in the prime of life he began “slapping” his left foot on the pavement. Thus begins a journey down the corridors of neurology, surgery, religious mysticism, radiation, drugs, pain, paraplegia, panic attacks, renewed poetry, and finally, A Whole New Life. His is a true memoir—written about one thing—his cancer and the healing of his life. He includes poems in his memoir, one of which addresses the tumor on his spine as “the Eel.” He is honest about his anger, fear, and suffering, generous in his gratitude for friends, and heroic in his determination to be healed. The turning point occurs in his famous vision of Jesus beside the Sea of Galilee. The two men enter the water. Jesus forgives his sins and heals him. Price is not medically cured but spiritually “healed” (the biblical word). His life is made whole.
The Little Way
Authors: Lischer Richard
Published: October 2022

Thérèse of Lisieux is the most unlikely saint in the church’s starry heaven. She did not die a martyr. Her sainthood was the product of French bourgeois Catholicism and orchestrated by her family, which groomed her for sainthood from an early age. In her family, sainthood meant calculated suffering for the sake of suffering and was often expressed with cloying sweetness. “The Little Flower” articulates all this and more in her brief memoir, Story of a Soul. Following Thérèse’s death from tuberculosis at age twenty-four, her sister Cèline created a culturally attractive image of a saint by doctoring hundreds of photos. Ironically, Thérèse really was a saint! For she explains what it is to love in the ordinary interactions of daily life. She calls her method the “Little Way,” and it has inspired millions to expressions of care for others. And the memoir, beginning with Thérèse’s promise to “entrust” her soul to the reader, still captivates the heart.
Bootstrap Justice
Authors: Gallagher Janice K.
Published: October 2022

How do people living in settings marked by normalized rights violations, transform into rights-claiming and, ultimately, rights-bearing citizens? Bootstrap Justice centers the voices and perspectives of people whose lives have been upended by the disappearance of their loved ones in Mexico. The book argues that as people participate in ongoing mobilization and claim-making over time (1) their legal consciousness— their understandings of the state and of themselves as citizens and political actors—shifts, and that with these shifts, (2) their ability to challenge impunity is likewise transformed. Drawing on over a decade of ethnographic work, Bootstrap Justice offers unique insight into the critical but often overlooked role of informal relationships and dynamics in shaping substantive legal and human rights outcomes. The book presents in-depth analyses of the individuals involved in the daily struggle to find their loved ones, the organizations they form, the social movements they join, and the state- and national-level legal and political contexts that condition what is possible for them to achieve. This multi-level, temporally situated perspective provides unique insight into what has been achieved in the past decade, and draws lessons relevant beyond Mexico about what can be achieved in the struggle against impunity.
Sex and the Great Reversal in Partisan Alignment
Authors: Wagner Regina L. , Shafer Byron E.
Published: October 2022

Among the four major social cleavages, sex had the least stable relationship to policy preferences across the postwar period. So it should be no surprise that linkages between sex, policy, and party attachment were the most varied as well. Yet while sex-related policy preferences were highly labile, sex-based attachments to the political parties told a very different story, of a change in party alignment where the two sexes actually reversed modal party preferences. Though the issues driving Republicans toward the Democrats or Democrats toward the Republicans were not some simple obverse: rather, different issues drove men versus women to change party allegiance.