bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primed to vocalize: Wild-derived male house mice increase vocalization rate and diversity after a previous encounter with a female
Authors: Zala Sarah M. , Nicolakis Doris , Marconi Maria Adelaide , Noll Anton , Ruf Thomas , Balazs Peter , Penn Dustin J.
Published: December 2020

Males in a wide variety of taxa, including insects, birds and mammals, produce vocalizations to attract females. Male house mice emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), especially during courtship and mating, which are surprising complex. It is often suggested that male mice vocalize at higher rates after interacting with a female, but the evidence is mixed depending upon the strain of mice. We conducted a study with wild-derived house mice (Mus musculus musculus) to test whether male courtship vocalizations (i.e., vocalizations emitted in a sexual context) are influenced by a prior direct interaction with a female, and if so, determine how long the effect lasts. We allowed sexually naïve males to directly interact with a female for five minutes (sexual priming), and then we recorded males’vocalizations either 1, 10, 20, or 30 days later when presented with an unfamiliar female (separated by a perforated partition) and female scent. We automatically detected USVs and processed recordings using the Automatic Mouse Ultrasound Detector (A-MUD version 3.2), and we describe our improved version of this tool and tests of its performance. We measured vocalization rate and spectro-temporal features and we manually classified USVs into 15 types to investigate priming effects on vocal repertoire diversity and composition. After sexual priming, males emitted nearly three times as many USVs, they had a larger repertoire diversity, and their vocalizations had different spectro-temporal features (USV length, slope and variability in USV frequency) compared to unprimed controls. Unprimed control males had the most distinctive repertoire composition compared to the primed groups. Most of the effects were found when comparing unprimed to all primed males (treatment models), irrespective of the time since priming. Timepoint models showed that USV length increased 1 day after priming, that repertoire diversity increased 1 and 20 days after priming, and that the variability of USV frequencies was lower 20 and 30 days after priming. Our results show that wild-derived male mice increased the number and diversity of courtship vocalizations if they previously interacted with a female. Thus, the USVs of house mice are not only context-dependent, they depend upon previous social experience and perhaps the contexts of these experiences. The effect of sexual priming on male courtship vocalizations is likely mediated by neuro-endocrine-mechanisms, which may function to advertise males’ sexual arousal and facilitate social recognition.
Risk factors associated with high prevalence of intimate partner violence amongst school-going young women (aged 15–24years) in Maputo, Mozambique
Authors: Maguele Maria Suzana , Tlou Boikhutso , Taylor Myra , Khuzwayo Nelisiwe
Published: December 2020

Background

In many countries, there is evidence that intimate partner violence is prevalent among young women. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and the factors associated with intimate partner violence in young women (aged 15–24 years) attending secondary schools in Maputo, Mozambique.

Method

Using a probability proportional sampling strategy, 431 participants were recruited, and the data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between IPV and sociodemographic and sociocultural factors. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) are reported.

Results

Of the 413 participants, 248 (60%) (95% CI: 55.15–64.61) had experienced at least one form of IPV in their lifetime. Then, of the 293 participants who had a partner in the previous 12 months prior to the data collection, 186 (63.4%) (95% CI: 57.68–69.00) reported IPV in the 12 months prior to data collection. The psychological violence was the predominant type of violence, lifetime prevalence 230 (55.7%), and over the previous 12 months 164 (55.9%). The risk of IPV was associated with young women lacking religious commitment (AOR, 1.596, 95% CI: 1.009–2.525, p = 0.046) and if the head of the young women’s household was unemployed (AOR, 1.642 95% CI: 1.044–2.584, p = 0.032). In the bivariate analysis the odds of being abused remained lower among the younger teenage women (OR, 0.458 95% CI: 0.237–0.888, p = 0.021), and higher, among young women if the partner was employed (OR, 2.247 95% CI: 1.187–4.256, p = 0.013) and among the young women believing that males are superior to females (OR, 2.298 95% CI:1.014–5.210. p = 0.046).

Conclusion

These findings reveal a high prevalence of IPV among young women. Comprehensive programs should incorporate socioeconomic empowerment strategies to increase women’s autonomy. There is a need to address religious beliefs through cultural perspectives, to improve social interactions that promote violence free relationships, gender egalitarian norms, and physical and emotional wellbeing for young women.
Increase in longevity and amelioration of pesticide toxicity by natural levels of dietary phytochemicals in the honey bee, Apis mellifera
Authors: Liao Ling-Hsiu , Pearlstein Daniel J. , Wu Wen-Yen , Kelley Allison G. , Montag William M. , Hsieh Edward M. , Berenbaum May R.
Published: December 2020

For the past decade, migratory beekeepers who provide honey bees for pollination services have experienced substantial colony losses on a recurring basis that have been attributed in part to exposure to insecticides, fungicides, or their combinations applied to crops. The phytochemicalsp-coumaric acid and quercetin, which occur naturally in a wide variety of bee foods, including beebread and many types of honey, can enhance adult bee longevity and reduce the toxicity of certain pesticides. How variation in concentrations of natural dietary constituents affects interactions with xenobiotics, including synthetic pesticides, encountered in agroecosystems remains an open question. We tested the effects of these two phytochemicals at a range of natural concentrations on impacts of consuming propiconazole and chlorantraniliprole, a triazole fungicide and an insecticide frequently applied as a tank mix to almond trees during bloom in California’s Central Valley. Propiconazole, even at low field concentrations, significantly reduced survival and longevity when consumed by adult bees in a sugar-based diet. The effects of propiconazole in combination with chlorantraniliprole enhanced mortality risk. The detrimental effects of the two pesticides were for the most part reduced when either or both of the phytochemicals were present in the diet. These findings suggest that honey bees may depend on non-nutritive but physiologically active phytochemical components of their natural foods for ameliorating xenobiotic stress, although only over a certain range of concentrations; particularly at the high end of the natural range, certain combinations can incur additive toxicity. Thus, efforts to develop nectar or pollen substitutes with phytochemicals to boost insecticide tolerance or immunity or to evaluate toxicity of pesticides to pollinators should take concentration-dependent effects of phytochemicals into consideration.
Characteristics and related factors of emergency department visits, readmission, and hospital transfers of inpatients under a DRG-based payment system: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Huang Pei-Fang , Kung Pei-Tseng , Chou Wen-Yu , Tsai Wen-Chen
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Taiwan has implemented the Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) since 2010, and the quality of care under the DRG-Based Payment System is concerned. This study aimed to examine the characteristics, related factors, and time distribution of emergency department (ED) visits, readmission, and hospital transfers of inpatients under the DRG-Based Payment System for each Major Diagnostic Category (MDC).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) from 2012 to 2013 in Taiwan. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to examine the factors related to ED visits, readmissions, and hospital transfers of patients under the DRG-Based Payment System.

Results

In this study, 103,779 inpatients were under the DRG-Based Payment System. Among these inpatients, 4.66% visited the ED within 14 days after their discharge. The factors associated with the increased risk of ED visits within 14 days included age, lower monthly salary, urbanization of residence area, comorbidity index, MDCs, and hospital ownership (p < 0.05). In terms of MDCs, Diseases and Disorders of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (MDC11) conferred the highest risk of ED visits within 14 days (OR = 4.95, 95% CI: 2.69–9.10). Of the inpatients, 6.97% were readmitted within 30 days. The factors associated with the increased risk of readmission included gender, age, lower monthly salary, comorbidity index, MDCs, and hospital ownership (p < 0.05). In terms of MDCs, the inpatients with Pregnancy, Childbirth and the Puerperium (MDC14) had the highest risk of readmission within 30 days (OR = 20.43, 95% CI: 13.32–31.34). Among the inpatients readmitted within 30 days, 75.05% of them were readmitted within 14 days. Only 0.16% of the inpatients were transferred to other hospitals.

Conclusion

The study shows a significant correlation between Major Diagnostic Categories in surgery and ED visits, readmission, and hospital transfers. The results suggested that the main reasons for the high risk may need further investigation for MDCs in ED visits, readmissions, and hospital transfers.
The applicability of forensic time since death estimation methods for buried bodies in advanced decomposition stages
Authors: Pittner Stefan , Bugelli Valentina , Benbow M. Eric , Ehrenfellner Bianca , Zissler Angela , Campobasso Carlo P. , Oostra Roelof-Jan , Aalders Maurice C. G. , Zehner Richard , Lutz Lena , Monticelli Fabio C. , Staufer Christian , Helm Katharina , Pinchi Vilma , Receveur Joseph P. , Geißenberger Janine , Steinbacher Peter , Amendt Jens
Published: December 2020

Estimation of the postmortem interval in advanced postmortem stages is a challenging task. Although there are several approaches available for addressing postmortem changes of a (human) body or its environment (ecologically and/or biochemically), most are restricted to specific timeframes and/or individual and environmental conditions. It is well known, for instance, that buried bodies decompose in a remarkably different manner than on the ground surface. However, data on how established methods for PMI estimation perform under these conditions are scarce. It is important to understand whether and how postmortem changes are affected under burial conditions, if corrective factors could be conceived, or if methods have to be excluded for respective cases. We present the first multi-methodological assessment of human postmortem decomposition carried out on buried body donors in Europe, at the Amsterdam Research Initiative for Sub-surface Taphonomy and Anthropology (ARISTA) in the Netherlands. We used a multidisciplinary approach to investigate postmortem changes of morphology, skeletal muscle protein decomposition, presence of insects and other necrophilous animals as well as microbial communities (i.e., microbiomes) from August to November 2018 associated with two complete body exhumations and eight partial exhumations. Our results clearly display the current possibilities and limitations of methods for PMI estimation in buried remains and provide a baseline for future research and application.
Captivated by thought: “Sticky” thinking leaves traces of perceptual decoupling in task-evoked pupil size
Authors: Huijser Stefan , Verkaik Mathanja , van Vugt Marieke K. , Taatgen Niels A.
Published: December 2020

Throughout the day, we may sometimes catch ourselves in patterns of thought that we experience as rigid and difficult to disengage from. Such “sticky” thinking can be highly disruptive to ongoing tasks, and when it turns into rumination constitutes a vulnerability for mental disorders such as depression and anxiety. The main goal of the present study was to explore the stickiness dimension of thought, by investigating how stickiness is reflected in task performance and pupil size. To measure spontaneous thought processes, we asked participants to perform a sustained attention to response task (SART), in which we embedded the participant’s concerns to potentially increase the probability of observing sticky thinking. The results indicated that sticky thinking was most frequently experienced when participants were disengaged from the task. Such episodes of sticky thought could be discriminated from neutral and non-sticky thought by an increase in errors on infrequent no-go trials. Furthermore, we found that sticky thought was associated with smaller pupil responses during correct responding. These results demonstrate that participants can report on the stickiness of their thought, and that stickiness can be investigated using pupillometry. In addition, the results suggest that sticky thought may limit attention and exertion of cognitive control to the task.
Women’s autonomy and utilization of maternal healthcare in India: Evidence from a recent national survey
Authors: Mondal Dinabandhu , Karmakar Suranjana , Banerjee Anuradha
Published: December 2020

Objective

The present study aims to examine the association between women’s decision-making autonomy and utilization of maternal healthcare services among the currently married women in India.

Methods

A total of 32,698 currently married women aged 15–49 years who had at least one live birth in the past five years preceding the survey and had information regarding autonomy collected by the National Family Health Survey 2015–16 were used for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were employed for the analyses of this study.

Results

Utilization of maternal healthcare services was higher among the women having a high level of decision-making autonomy compared to those who had a low autonomy in the household. The regression results indicate that women’s autonomy was significantly associated with increased odds of maternal healthcare services in India. Women with high autonomy had 37% and 33% greater likelihood of receiving ANC (AOR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.25–1.50) and PNC care (AOR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.24–1.42) respectively compared to women having low autonomy. However, no significant association was observed between women’s autonomy and institutional delivery in the adjusted analysis.

Conclusion

This study recommends the need for comprehensive strategies involving improvement of women’s autonomy along with expansion of education, awareness generation regarding the importance of maternity care, and enhancing public health infrastructure to ensure higher utilization of maternal healthcare services that would eventually reduce maternal mortality.
Healthcare financing and social protection policies for migrant workers in Malaysia
Authors: Loganathan Tharani , Chan Zhie X. , Pocock Nicola S.
Published: December 2020

Background

For Malaysia, a nation highly dependent on migrant labour, the large non-citizen workforce presents a unique health system challenge. Although documented migrant workers are covered by mandatory healthcare insurance (SPIKPA), financial constraints remain a major barrier for non-citizen healthcare access. Malaysia recently extended protection for migrant workers under the national social security scheme (SOCSO), previously exclusive to citizens. This study aims to evaluate healthcare financing and social security policies for migrant workers to identify policy gaps and opportunities for intervention.

Methods

A total of 37 in-depth interviews were conducted of 44 stakeholders from July 2018 to July 2019. A mixed-methods analysis combining major themes from qualitative interviews with policy document reviews was conducted. Descriptive analysis of publicly available secondary data, namely revenues collected at government healthcare facilities, was conducted to contextualise the policy review and qualitative findings.

Results

We found that migrant workers and employers were unaware of SPIKPA enrolment and entitlements. Higher fees for non-citizens result in delayed care-seeking. While the Malaysian government nearly doubled non-citizen healthcare fees revenues from RM 104 to 182 million (USD 26 to 45 million) between 2014 to 2018, outstanding revenues tripled from RM 16 to 50 million (USD 4 to 12 million) in the same period. SPIKPA coverage is likely inadequate in providing financial risk protection to migrant workers, especially with increased non-citizens fees at public hospitals. Undocumented workers and other migrant populations excluded from SPIKPA contribution to unpaid fees revenues are unknown. Problems described with the previous Foreign Workers Compensation Scheme (FWCS), could be partially addressed by SOCSO, in theory. Nevertheless, questions remain on the feasibility of implementing elements of SOCSO, such as recurring payments to workers and next-of-kin overseas.

Conclusion

Malaysia is moving towards migrant inclusion with the provision of SOCSO for documented migrant workers, but more needs to be done. Here we suggest the expansion of the SPIKPA insurance scheme to include all migrant populations, while broadening its scope towards more comprehensive coverage, including essential primary care.
Examination of an averaging method for estimating repulsion and attraction interactions in moving groups
Authors: Mudaliar Rajnesh K. , Schaerf Timothy M.
Published: December 2020

Groups of animals coordinate remarkable, coherent, movement patterns during periods of collective motion. Such movement patterns include the toroidal mills seen in fish shoals, highly aligned parallel motion like that of flocks of migrating birds, and the swarming of insects. Since the 1970’s a wide range of collective motion models have been studied that prescribe rules of interaction between individuals, and that are capable of generating emergent patterns that are visually similar to those seen in real animal group. This does not necessarily mean that real animals apply exactly the same interactions as those prescribed in models. In more recent work, researchers have sought to infer the rules of interaction of real animals directly from tracking data, by using a number of techniques, including averaging methods. In one of the simplest formulations, the averaging methods determine the mean changes in the components of the velocity of an individual over time as a function of the relative coordinates of group mates. The averaging methods can also be used to estimate other closely related quantities including the mean relative direction of motion of group mates as a function of their relative coordinates. Since these methods for extracting interaction rules and related quantities from trajectory data are relatively new, the accuracy of these methods has had limited inspection. In this paper, we examine the ability of an averaging method to reveal prescribed rules of interaction from data generated by two individual based models for collective motion. Our work suggests that an averaging method can capture the qualitative features of underlying interactions from trajectory data alone, including repulsion and attraction effects evident in changes in speed and direction of motion, and the presence of a blind zone. However, our work also illustrates that the output from a simple averaging method can be affected by emergent group level patterns of movement, and the sizes of the regions over which repulsion and attraction effects are apparent can be distorted depending on how individuals combine interactions with multiple group mates.
Adalékok Marsilio Ficino De vita című művének utóéletéhez
Authors: Frazer-Imregh Monika
Published: December 2020

Tanulmányomban Marsilio Ficino De vita libri tres című művének továbbéléséhez igyekszem új adalékokkal hozzájárulni. Szövegkiadásainak és fordításainak rövid áttekintése után utalok a szakirodalom korábbi eredményeire a németországi, franciaországi és svájci továbbélést illetően, majd kitérek néhány francia szerző azon műveire, amelyeket eddig nem vontak be a vizsgálódásba. Fő kérdésem azonban az, hogyan és mikor került Angliába a De vita? A válaszhoz az editio princepset (1489) követő három évet vizsgálom, amikor is három oxfordi tudós volt Firenzében Lorenzo de’ Medici vendégeként Angelo Poliziano és Démétrios Chalkokondylés tanítványa. E tudósok: William Grocyn, Thomas Linacre és William Latimer, akik görögtudásuk és klasszikus műveltségük elmélyítése után hazatérve hazájuk meghatározó személyiségeivé váltak. Mivel Ficino is a Medici-körhöz tartozott, és az említett firenzei tudósokkal szoros kapcsolatban állt, amint azt Ghirlandaio 1488–1489-ben festett freskórészlete tanúsítja, nem kizárt, hogy Latimer Ficino hatására kezdett el érdeklődni a humanista orvostudomány iránt. További orvosi tanulmányait ugyanis Itáliában azon a nyomvonalon folytatja, amelyen Ficino a De vitát kezdi: Galénos munkáinak olvasásával, majd fordításával. Így majdnem biztos, hogy a De vita Latimerrel és társaival került először Angliába, nem sokkal annak első megjelenése után.
Az Il Tesoretto forrásainak tükrében
Authors: Ótott Noémi
Published: December 2020

Brunetto Latini firenzei irodalmár és politikus Il Tesoretto című allegorikus-didaktikus költeménye feltehetően az 1260-as évek második felében, franciaországi száműzetése idején keletkezett. A költemény a szerző által egyes szám első személyben elmesélt allegorikus látomás története. Kritikusai mindig is azt vetették Latini szemére, hogy egyszerű kompilátor volt, aki forráskritika nélkül átvett mindent modelljeitől. Az világosan látszik, hogy gyakran és módfelett tudatosan utánozta elődeit, főként Alain de Lille-t, Boethiust és a Rózsaregény szerzőjét (szerzőit), mind szó szerinti szövegátvételekkel és tartalmi párhuzamokkal, mind pedig a műfajok és stílusbeli hangnemek átvételével.Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy átfogó képet adjon az Il Tesoretto forrásairól, valamint a szakirodalom által eddig feltárt adatokon túl további egyezéseket, sőt különbségeket és módosításokat mutasson be és vizsgáljon meg. A tanköltemény elemzése és valódi értékeinek keresése során ugyanis fontos látni, hogyan alkalmazta Latini elődeinek műveit, és hogyan illesztette be ezeket saját költői víziójába.
A pedagógus professzió hazai megújításának esélyei a mesterpedagógus programok tükrében
Authors: Szivák Judit , Kálmán Orsolya , Pesti Csilla , Rapos Nóra , Vámos Ágnes
Published: December 2020

Nemzetközi és hazai kitekintésben is jelentősen felértékelődött a pedagógusprofesszió szerepe: a köznevelési rendszer eredményességének egyik legjelentősebb tényezőjeként az oktatáspolitika központi elemévé vált. Ezzel összhangban a hazai Köznevelési Stratégiában is kiemelt szerepet kap a professzió, így kidolgozásra került a pedagógusok életpályamodellje. Az ötfokozatú modell negyedik állomása a mesterpedagógus fokozat. Tanulmányunkban e fokozat potenciális jelöltjei által készített mesterprogramok (n=813) elemzésének eredményeit mutatjuk be a folyamatos szakmai fejlődés, a fejlesztő-újító, az elemző-feltáró és a tudásmegosztó tevékenységek dimenziói mentén. Írásunkat egy átfogó kutatási kérdés megválaszolása vezérli: milyen eredményt terveztek a mesterpedagógusok a mesterprogramokban?
Face-to-face Assessment of COGTEL in Adolescents: Test-Retest Reliability and Association with School Grades
Authors:   Health Administration Institute, Secretary of Health of the Autonomous Region of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal, Gouveia Bruna Raquel ,   Saint Joseph of Cluny Higher School of Nursing, Funchal, Portugal,   Interactive Technologies Institute (ITI-LARSyS), Funchal, Portugal,   Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Gouveia Élvio Rúbio ,   Interactive Technologies Institute (ITI-LARSyS), Funchal, Portugal,   Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,   Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal, Kliegel Matthias ,   Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,   Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Lopes Helder ,   Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal, Rodrigues Ana ,   Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal, Marques Adilson ,   Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal,   Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal, Correia Ana Luísa ,   Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal, Alves Ricardo ,   Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal, Ihle Andreas ,   Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,   Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Published: December 2020

The Cognitive Telephone Screening Instrument (COGTEL) has shown to be a brief, reliable, and valid instrument to assess cognitive functioning in adults in face-to-face procedures as well as over the phone. So far, no psychometric evaluation exists on its use in adolescents. The present study set out to evaluate the psychometric properties of the face-to-face application of the COGTEL in adolescents in the school context and to analyse the association with school grades. We assessed cognitive performance using COGTEL in face-to-face assessments of 170 adolescents, with retests after 6 months for test-retest reliability. Predictive validity was assessed using school grades. Test-retest reliability for the COGTEL was good (ICC = .77; p < .001). The partial correlation controlling for age between COGTEL and school grades was medium and positive (r = .40; p < .001). School grades alone explained 42% and 36% of the variance in the COGTEL total score in elementary and secondary students, respectively. The present study suggests that COGTEL is a reliable and valid instrument to assess cognitive functioning in adolescents, with the advantage of feasibility in multiple contexts.
Natalia Vasilevna Nechaeva - Uma introdução ao Sistema Zankov: aspectos teórico-práticos do sistema desenvolvimental
Authors: Ferola Bianca Carvalho
Published: December 2020

Entrevista: Natalia Vasilevna Nechaeva - A professora Dra. Natalia Vasilevna Nechaeva é uma notável docente e pesquisadora do sistema Zankov. É graduada em Língua Russa e Literatura e trabalhou, na década de 70, no laboratório da Academia de Ciências Pedagógicas, especializado em Obutchénie e Desenvolvimento, sob a liderança de L. V. Zankov. Escreveu sua tese sobre “Funções Educativas de redações” em 1983, recebendo o cargo de pesquisadora sênior e tornando-se a chefe de pesquisa do Centro Científico-Metodológico Federal de Zankov. A professora Nechaeva tem experiência de trabalho em escolas, em Universidades Pedagógicas e em Institutos de formação continuada para equipe de professores. Além disso, é autora de mais de 250 publicações, incluindo livros didáticos, material educacional, manuais de gramática russa e livros de exercícios em literatura para estudantes do 1 ao 6 grau.
Uma análise do ensino de eletromagnetismo a partir da teoria do ensino desenvolvimental de Davydov
Authors: Fontes Daniel Trugillo Martins
Published: December 2020

Na dissertação apresentamos um estudo que visa, a partir de uma perspectiva histórico-cultural, particularmente nos aportes teóricos da teoria do ensino desenvolvimental davydoviana, analisar o conteúdo do ensino do eletromagnetismo. A teoria do ensino desenvolvimental lapidada por Davydov e seu colaborador principal Daniil Elkonin nasce com as obras de Vigotski e na teoria da atividade de Leontiev (LIBÂNEO; FREITAS, 2017). Vigotski (2007) diferencia os conceitos que são produzidos nas condições do ensino escolar (científicos), e propiciam a formação dos processos de generalizações e abstrações teóricas, e os conceitos cotidianos ou empíricos que são formados com base nas ações concretas da criança em seu cotidiano. Além disso, Vigotski defende que o desenvolvimento de funções psíquicas superiores é fruto de um fenômeno ativo de interiorização e apropriação do mundo exterior, mediado pela linguagem e pela cultura através de um processo dialético. Isto é, o conhecimento ocorre primeiramente no mundo social, recheado e inundado de signos para então se transformar em conhecimento individual da criança. Rosa, Moraes e Cedro (2016, p. 174) pontuam que Davydov ainda adicionaria um pressuposto “os estudantes, ao compreenderem os princípios gerais de um conhecimento, saberão lidar com as variações particulares, com poucas intervenções do outro”.
Dilemas raciais brasileiros: o racismo estrutural e os limites e as perspectivas da Lei nº 12.711/2012 / Brazilian racial dilemmas: the structural racism and the limits and perspectives of Law 12.711/2012
Authors: Santos Claudia Regina dos , Parizzi João Hagenbeck
Published: December 2020

Até que ponto uma lei ou uma política pública pode superar o racismo estrutural que caracteriza historicamente a sociedade brasileira? A análise dos efeitos das ações afirmativas para a inclusão de pessoas pretas e pardas nos cursos de graduação no Brasil a partir do ano de 2003 foi o objetivo principal do presente artigo. Utilizando-se uma abordagem metodológica de revisão de literatura e de revisão documental, com base em resultados obtidos de estudos empíricos, chegou-se à conclusão de que as políticas afirmativas de reserva de vagas para estudantes pretos e pardos nas universidades públicas brasileiras surtiram efeitos, tanto quantitativos (proporção de pardos e pretos nas universidades em relação à proporção na sociedade), quanto qualitativos (medidos pela inclusão e pelo desempenho acadêmico dos cotistas). Apesar disso, a política de cotas, mesmo denotando uma inclusão de pretos e pardos nas universidades, não representa uma inclusão social plena, pois ainda não se mediram os efeitos da inclusão desses estudantes no mercado de trabalho ou mesmo nos cursos de pós-graduação dessas mesmas universidades, que são setores de uma sociedade civil marcados por um inegável racismo estrutural.
El docente de lengua y literatura: formación disciplinar, curriculum e instituciones
Authors: Santomero Lucila
Published: December 2020

El profesor de lengua y literatura de nivel secundario toma, como el de cualquier otra disciplina, múltiples decisiones a la hora de diseñar el programa de su materia, planificar sus clases y construir cada una de sus propuestas de enseñanza (con su correspondiente selección de contenidos, objetivos, evaluación, entre otras). En su caso, cada una de estas elecciones se complejiza porque el espacio curricular implica la enseñanza de dos objetos disciplinares diferenciados. Este trabajo busca reconstruir, a partir de la descripción y análisis de aulas concretas y situadas, la incidencia de diversos factores en las decisiones teóricas, didácticas y epistemológicas que llevan a cabo los docentes, tanto para la enseñanza de la lengua como de la literatura. El recorrido propuesto se centra en la formación docente en ambos campos de conocimiento, la relación de las propuestas docentes analizadas con los documentos curriculares oficiales y los diversos condicionamientos institucionales, que adquieren formas muy distintas en las escuelas de gestión privada y las de gestión pública. Se pretende mostrar el modo en que estos aspectos repercuten en la configuración de las «aulas de lengua y literatura» y el espacio destinado a la enseñanza de cada objeto.
Formas profanas. Ensayos de crítica cultural
Authors: Pedrón Eleonora Cróquer
Published: December 2020

El presente volumen recoge una experiencia de encuentro, diálogo y elaboración discursiva en torno al análisis crítico y la investigación literaria, artística y cultural sobre América Latina y, en particular, Venezuela, desarrollada en el Centro de Investigaciones Críticas y Socioculturales del Instituto de Altos Estudios de América Latina de la Universidad Simón Bolívar en Caracas, entre los últimos meses de 2015 y los primeros de 2018: «Formas profanas. Laboratorio de crítica cultural». Los trabajos reunidos en este volumen dan cuenta de la heterogeneidad de intereses de quienes integramos esta suerte de pequeño colectivo reunido alrededor del mismo compromiso de hacer de la crítica cultural un acto de responsabilidad intelectual.
Concepciones docentes: reflexiones sobre las prácticas en la enseñanza de la escritura
Authors: Galán Jenny Pilar , Corredor Barbosa Jenny Carolina , López Contreras Viviana Marcela , Soto Valderrama Yolanda Milena
Published: December 2020

Este artículo presenta los resultados de la aplicación de una serie de talleres realizados en dos instituciones educativas distritales, que tuvieron como propósito analizar las concepciones que tienen algunos docentes de básica y media, frente a los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la escritura. Así mismo, promover una reflexión en torno a sus prácticas pedagógicas en relación con la modalidad escrita de la lengua. La metodología empleada se orientó desde el enfoque cualitativo y el diseño que sirvió de base en la aplicación de los talleres fue la investigación acción. Por su parte, los talleres se caracterizaron por la posibilidad de diálogo, en la que los docentes comparten sus experiencias y opiniones, negocian frente a las propuestas y participan en la evaluación de este. Los hallazgos evidencian que, a pesar del conocimiento de los docentes sobre diferentes estrategias para la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la escritura, en sus prácticas predominan metodologías tradicionales desde un enfoque prescriptivo, que centra su atención en un solo aspecto de la enseñanza de la lengua, opuesto a lo que se propone desde los Lineamientos Curriculares de Lengua Castellana, donde se concibe la escritura como un proceso dinámico y significativo que cumple una función social. En conclusión, se podría afirmar que es necesario propiciar espacios para la reflexión sobre la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la escritura a partir del análisis del quehacer docente en el aula.
La oralidad: su repercusión para la ciencia jurídica y la enseñanza del Derecho
Authors: Páez Cuba Lisett Daymaris
Published: December 2020

El sistema oral, defendido por las tendencias contemporáneas, reporta beneficios loables para la impartición de justicia y, por ende, para la enseñanza del Derecho. El presente estudio sobre la oralidad es resultado de una intervención pedagógica en la Universidad de Pinar del Río con estudiantes de tercero, cuarto y quinto años de la carrera de Derecho, durante el periodo 2017-2019, en Cuba. El artículo tiene como objetivo argumentar la repercusión de la oralidad para la ciencia jurídica y para la enseñanza del Derecho en el ámbito universitario. La investigación es de tipo cualitativo y emplea la metodología de investigación sociojurídica, con la utilización de métodos teóricos y empíricos, como el histórico-jurídico, el jurídico-comparado, el de análisis-síntesis e inducción-deducción, el análisis de contenido, la observación científica y la entrevista grupal. La integración de los métodos y el abordaje de sus fundamentos teóricos permitieron obtener como resultados esenciales: la determinación de la oralidad como principio jurídico de carácter general para el Derecho Procesal y la propuesta de los juegos de roles de juicios orales como métodos de enseñanza problémica para enseñar a litigar. En el estudio realizado se muestran buenas prácticas validadas al desarrollar la simulación de tres juicios orales representados por estudiantes de la carrera de Derecho de la Universidad de Pinar del Río.
Infancia y razón evaluadora: contrariedades y resistencias pedagógicas (entre filosofía y literatura)
Authors: Giuliano Facundo
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo enseña algunas de las formas que toma la razón evaluadora en la educación contemporánea y, en particular, en cierta filosofía de la educación. La travesía combativa propuesta, que busca alimentar una crítica de la razón evaluadora, abreva en fuentes de la literatura para retratar alguna de las formas en cuestión, así como también para pensar en modos de resistencia a las mismas. De este modo, se pretende avistar horizontes de alteridad que interrumpan la sinonimia que la modernidad/colonialidad instaló entre educación y evaluación, al tiempo que se discute el culto que dicho tipo de racionalidad promueve en determinados planteos filosófico-educativos. En este contexto, podrá observarse cómo la cuestión de la infancia, enfrentada a la razón evaluadora, puede llegar a claudicar sus términos y quedar como una infancia en cuestión a partir de la prerrogativa del culto evaluacionista. Esto último no impedirá situar el antagonismo entre la infancia y las mañas de un culto que intenta seducir mediante juegos rituales adornados con palabras como democracia, control público y mundo compartido. Luego, mediante una búsqueda de lo intersticial, de una pedagogía que dé pelea y dé una corrección otra que se instale en la educación como un tiempo colectivo de infancia y solidaridad con un entramado artesanal/textual, siempre conducente a una parte otra siempre conjetural (más allá de normas y jerarquías). El desenlace está dedicado a la pregunta por el final de la infancia y de su verdugo como una imposible conclusión, ya que la lucha (pedagógico-literaria) continúa
Erratum: Optimization of k value and lag parameter of k-nearest neighbor algorithm on the prediction of hotel occupancy rates
Authors: Akbar Agus Subhan , Kusumodestoni R. Hadapiningradja
Published: December 2020

This correct the article "Optimasi nilai k dan parameter lag algoritme k-nearest neighbor pada prediksi tingkat hunian hotel (Optimization of k value and lag parameter of k-nearest neighbor algorithm on the prediction of hotel occupancy rates)" in vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 246-254, Jul. 2020; https://doi.org/10.14710/jtsiskom.2020.13648In the original published article, the placement of Figure 8 and Figure 9 less appropriate, which causes the manuscript hard to read. In addition, Table 2 through Table 6 need to be repositioned. These placing errors have been corrected online.The publisher apologizes for these errors.
Review essay/Samlingsrecension: Astrid och jag: 50 års arbetsliv 1952–2002 och En utmärkt författare: Astrid Lindgrens belöningar och utmärkelser
Authors: Hedberg Andreas
Published: December 2020

Review essay/Samlingsrecension
Narrative Strategies Giving Voice to the Silenced Subject
Authors: Persson Ann-Sofie
Published: December 2020

This article uses an ecocritical, posthumanist animal studies approach to fiction about horses for children and young adults in order to show how different narrative strategies co-exist within a framework of silence versus voice and Othering versus anthropomorphizing. The examples are taken from two Swedish series of books: the stories of Vitnos (1971–1980) by Marie Louise Rudolfsson, and those about Klara (1999–2008) by Pia Hagmar. The study shows that regardless of the narrative form chosen, be it placing the horse as a first-person narrator or introducing a human narrator and focalizer, the result is quite similar. The horse is alternately anthropomorphized and depicted as Other, many times through the technique of allomorphism, placing the horse above the human being.
Asymmetry of Auditory-Motor Speech Processing is Determined by Language Experience
Authors: Tang Ding-lan , Möttönen Riikka , Asaridou Salomi S. , Watkins Kate E.
Published: December 2020

Speech processing relies on interactions between auditory and motor systems and is asymmetrically organized in the human brain. The left auditory system is specialized for processing of phonemes, whereas the right is specialized for processing of pitch changes in speech affecting prosody. In speakers of tonal languages, however, processing of pitch (i.e., tone) changes that alter word meaning is left-lateralized indicating that linguistic function and language experience shape speech processing asymmetries. Here, we investigated the asymmetry of motor contributions to auditory speech processing in male and female speakers of tonal and non-tonal languages. We temporarily disrupted the right or left speech motor cortex using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and measured the impact of these disruptions on auditory discrimination (mismatch negativity; MMN) responses to phoneme and tone changes in sequences of syllables using electroencephalography (EEG). We found that the effect of motor disruptions on processing of tone changes differed between language groups: disruption of the right speech motor cortex suppressed responses to tone changes in non-tonal language speakers, whereas disruption of the left speech motor cortex suppressed responses to tone changes in tonal language speakers. In non-tonal language speakers, the effects of disruption of left speech motor cortex on responses to tone changes were inconclusive. For phoneme changes, disruption of left but not right speech motor cortex suppressed responses in both language groups. We conclude that the contributions of the right and left speech motor cortex to auditory speech processing are determined by the functional roles of acoustic cues in the listener's native language.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe principles underlying hemispheric asymmetries of auditory speech processing remain debated. The asymmetry of processing of speech sounds is affected by low-level acoustic cues, but also by their linguistic function. By combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG), we investigated the asymmetry of motor contributions to auditory speech processing in tonal and non-tonal language speakers. We provide causal evidence that the functional role of the acoustic cues in the listener's native language affects the asymmetry of motor influences on auditory speech discrimination ability [indexed by mismatch negativity (MMN) responses]. Lateralized top-down motor influences can affect asymmetry of speech processing in the auditory system.
ELAV Proteins Bind and Stabilize C/EBP mRNA in the Induction of Long-Term Memory inAplysia
Authors: Mirisis Anastasios A. , Kopec Ashley M. , Carew Thomas J.
Published: December 2020

Long-term memory (LTM) formation is a critical survival process by which an animal retains information about prior experiences to guide future behavior. In the experimentally advantageous marine molluskAplysia, LTM for sensitization can be induced by the presentation of two aversive shocks to the animal's tail. Each of these training trials recruits distinct growth factor signaling systems that promote LTM formation. Specifically, whereas intact TrkB signaling during Trial 1 promotes an initial and transient increase of the immediate early geneapc/ebpmRNA, a prolonged increase inapc/ebpgene expression required for LTM formation requires the addition of TGFβ signaling during Trial 2. Here we explored the molecular mechanisms by which Trial 2 achieves the essential prolonged gene expression ofapc/ebp. We find that this prolonged gene expression is not dependent onde novotranscription, but thatapc/ebpmRNA synthesized by Trial 1 is post-transcriptionally stabilized by interacting with the RNA-binding protein ApELAV. This interaction is promoted by p38 MAPK activation initiated by TGFβ. We further demonstrate that blocking the interaction of ApELAV with its target mRNA during Trial 2 blocks both the prolonged increase inapc/ebpgene expression and the behavioral induction of LTM. Collectively, our findings elucidate both when and how ELAV proteins are recruited for the stabilization of mRNA in LTM formation. Stabilization of a transiently expressed immediate early gene mRNA by a repeated training trial may therefore serve as a “filter” for learning, permitting only specific events to cause lasting transcriptional changes and behavioral LTM.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT:In the present paper, we significantly extend the general field of molecular processing in long-term memory (LTM) by describing a novel form of pretranslational processing required for LTM, which relies on the stabilization of a newly synthesized mRNA by a class of RNA binding proteins (ELAVs). There are now compelling data showing that important processing can occur after transcription of a gene, but before translation of the message into protein. Although the potential importance of ELAV proteins in LTM formation has previously been reported, the specific actions of ELAV proteins during LTM formation remained to be understood. Our new findings thus complement and extend this literature by demonstrating when and how this post-transcriptional gene regulation is mediated in the induction of LTM.
A Case Study of Renewable Energy Development in Myanmar
Authors: Hlaing Ei Hnin , Dargusch Paul
Published: December 2020

Myanmar has one of the lowest electrification rates in the world, and most of its inhabitants, who lack access to electricity, live off-grid in rural areas. Despite Myanmar having abundant sun and wind energy resources, which could potentially generate electricity for rural communities, renewable energy growth in Myanmar is stunted. In this article, we examine the case study of renewable energy development in Myanmar to better understand the factors that influence renewable energy development and deployment in a developing country context. Our analysis reveals that there are numerous reasons for the lack of solar, wind, and biomass energy growth in Myanmar, such as regressive electricity tariffs, problematic hydropower contracts, low levels of social acceptance and awareness of clean technologies, and a lack of institutional policy framework for renewable energy. To reduce energy poverty and increase the share of electricity generation from renewable resources in Myanmar, we recommend tariff reforms and the establishment of a transparent, effective national policy framework. Increasing access to financial resources in rural areas, gaining public trust and support from local communities, and promoting their involvement in decision making in renewable energy projects should also be prioritised. Disseminating knowledge on clean technologies is also recommended to increase environmental awareness and encourage long-term behavioural change.
The Scarcity Slot: Excavating Histories of Food Security in Ghana
Authors: Logan Amanda L.
Published: December 2020

The Scarcity Slot is the first book to critically examine food security in Africa’s deep past. Amanda L. Logan argues that African foodways have been viewed through the lens of “the scarcity slot,” a kind of othering based on presumed differences in resources. Weaving together archaeological, historical, and environmental data with food ethnography, she advances a new approach to building long-term histories of food security on the continent in order to combat these stereotypes. Focusing on a case study in Banda, Ghana that spans the past six centuries, The Scarcity Slot reveals that people thrived during a severe, centuries-long drought just as Europeans arrived on the coast, with a major decline in food security emerging only recently. This narrative radically challenges how we think about African foodways in the past, with major implications for the future.