bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Striatal–hippocampal functional connectivity contributes to real-life positive anticipatory experiences and subjective well-being
Authors: Shin Won-Gyo , Jyung Mina , Choi Jong-An , Choi Incheol , Sul Sunhae
Published: December 2024

Positive anticipatory experiences are key to daily well-being. However, the brain’s functional architecture underlying real-world positive anticipatory experiences and well-being remains unexplored. In the present study, we combined an ecological momentary assessment and resting-state functional neuroimaging to identify the neural predictors of real-world positive anticipatory experiences and explore their relationships with subjective well-being (SWB). With a model-based approach, we quantified participants’ accuracy in predicting positive events and the degree to which participants’ affective states were influenced by the positive anticipation. We found that individuals with higher accuracy in predicting upcoming positive events showed greater SWB, and this relationship was mediated by greater positive anticipatory feelings. Importantly, functional connectivity of the dorsal and ventral striatal–hippocampal networks significantly predicted the accuracy and positive anticipatory feelings, respectively. These functional networks were further predictive of SWB. Our findings provide novel and ecologically valid evidence that the interaction between neural systems for reward-processing and memory plays an important role in real-life positive anticipatory experiences and everyday SWB.
Varieties of platform capitalism? Competition, regime types and the diversity of food delivery platforms across Europe and North America
Authors: Ametowobla Dzifa , Kirchner Stefan
Published: December 2024

This article challenges the idea of platform capitalism, that digital platforms implement a uniform model based on a self-employed labor force. Expanding on empirical evidence of a diversity of platform models, we theorize expectations about platform diversity from competition and comparative capitalism research. Using a unique cross-national dataset of leading food delivery platforms in 32 countries across North America and Europe, we compare platform models and competitive relations across national institutional regimes. Our analyses uncover a considerable diversity of platform models across Europe, in contrast to a clear uniformity in North America. We also find that the use of self-employment varies across and within large multinational corporations and is most prevalent in countries of the lightly regulated regime type. Our results call for an economic sociology perspective on the platform economy that integrates a general concept of platforms but allows for diversity stemming from competition and different national regimes.
Fucoxanthin alleviates the cytotoxic effects of cadmium and lead on a human osteoblast cell line
Authors: Elmorsy Ekramy M , Al-Ghafari Ayat B , Al Doghaither Huda A
Published: December 2024

Objective: Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are non-biodegradable heavy metals (HMs) that persistently contaminate ecosystems and accumulate in bones, where they exert harmful effects. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of fucoxanthin (FX) against the chemical toxicity induced by Cd and Pb in human bone osteoblasts in vitro, using various biochemical and molecular assays. Methods: The effect of metals and FX on osteoblasts viability was assayed by MTT, then the effect of Pb, Cd, and FX on the cells’ mitochondrial parameters was studied via assays for ATP, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial complexes, and lactate production. Also, the effect of metals on oxidative stress was assessed by reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes assays. Also the effect of FX and metals on apoptosis caspases and related genes was assessed. Results: When Cd and Pb were added to human osteoblast cultures at concentrations ranging from 1–20 μM for 72 h, they significantly reduced osteoblast viability in a time and concentration-dependent manner. The cytotoxic effect of Cd on osteoblasts was greater than that of Pb, with estimated EC50 of 8 and 12 μM, respectively, after 72 h of exposure. FX (10 and 20 μM) alleviated the cytotoxicity of the metals. Bioenergetics assays, including ATP, MMP, and mitochondrial complexes I and III activities, revealed that HMs at 1 and 10 μM concentrations inhibited cellular bioenergetics after 72 h of exposure. Cd and Pb also increased lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species while reducing catalase and superoxide dismutase antioxidant activities and oxidative stress-related genes. This was accompanied by increased caspases −3, −8, and − 9 and Bax/bCl-2 ratio. Co-treatment with FX (10 and 20 μM) mitigated the disruption of bioenergetics, oxidative damage, and apoptosis induced by the metals, showing a concentration-dependent pattern to varying extents. Conclusion: These findings strongly support the role of FX in managing toxicities induced by environmental pollutants in bones and in addressing bone diseases associated with molecular bases of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and bioenergetic disruption.
Iron addition promotes mercury removal from soil by Robinia pseudoacacia–rhizobia symbiosis
Authors: Wang Shufeng , Wang Tao , Gao Lan , Du Hongxia , Wang Dingyong , Ma Ming , Rennenberg Heinz
Published: December 2024

Iron plaques on the root surface can promote or inhibit the absorption and accumulation of heavy metals by plants. However, the mechanism by which iron regulates the response of Robinia pseudoacacia to mercury (Hg) has not been elucidated, which hinders its application in divalent Hg (Hg2+) removal from Hg-contaminated soil. In this study, association analyses between transcriptome and metabolome were used to investigate effects of iron on the rhizosphere microenvironment and performance of R. pseudoacacia to assess its potential for Hg2+ removal. The results showed that the addition of 10 mg kg−1 iron significantly increased the development of iron plaques on the root surface and reduced the secretion of low-molecular-weight organic acids by roots, thereby changing rhizosphere soil characteristics and decreasing total Hg in roots. In addition, the secretion of choline supported signal transduction and enhanced the interaction between R. pseudoacacia and rhizobia, thereby inducing resistance to Hg2+. Anti-oxidative enzyme activities were increased and Hg2+ exposure of plants was reduced. Enhanced Hg2+ resistance was indicated by improved photosynthesis and growth, despite promoted xylem loading and transport of Hg2+, resulting in its accumulation in aboveground tissues, which is essential for Hg2+ removal. These results indicate that iron addition has a great potential to improve the growth of R. pseudoacacia in Hg-contaminated soil and promote the accumulation of Hg2+ in aboveground tissues for phytoremediation approaches.
Comparative Review of Fusarium graminearum Infection in Maize and Wheat: Similarities in Resistance Mechanisms and Future Directions
Authors: Lipps Sarah , Bohn Martin , Rutkoski Jessica , Butts-Wilmsmeyer Carolyn , Mideros Santiago , Jamann Tiffany
Published: December 2024

Fusarium graminearum is one of the most important plant-pathogenic fungi that causes disease on wheat and maize, as it decreases yield in both crops and produces mycotoxins that pose a risk to human and animal health. Resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat is well studied and documented. However, resistance to Gibberella ear rot (GER) in maize is less understood, despite several similarities with FHB. In this review, we synthesize existing literature on the colonization strategies, toxin accumulation, genetic architecture and potential mechanisms of resistance to GER in maize and compare it to what is known regarding FHB in wheat. There are several similarities in the infection and colonization strategies of F. graminearum in maize and wheat. We describe multiple types of GER resistance in maize and identify distinct genetic regions for each resistance type. We discuss the potential of phenylpropanoids for biochemical resistance to F. graminearum. Phenylpropanoids are well characterized, and there are many similarities in their functional roles for resistance between wheat and maize. These insights can be utilized to improve maize germplasm for GER resistance and are also useful for FHB resistance breeding and management.
Lung ultrasound on first postoperative day predicts out-of-hospital pulmonary complications following video-assisted thoracic surgery
Authors: Lu ZiYun , Sun Hang , Niu Shujie , Wang Min , Zhong Yiwei , Li Bingbing
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

The integration of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols into the peri-operative management of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has facilitated rapid patient recovery, enabling discharge within 48 h. However, postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) postdischarge pose significant concerns for patient welfare. Despite the established utility of lung ultrasound (LUS) in diagnosing the causes of dyspnoea, the effectiveness of quantitative LUS in predicting PPCs after VATS remains uncertain.

OBJECTIVES

To determine whether quantitative LUS performed 24 h after surgery can identify patients with a higher risk of developing PPCs within 30 days after discharge from hospital.

DESIGN

Single-centre prospective cohort study.

SETTING

Academic tertiary care medical centre.

PATIENTS

Adults scheduled for elective VATS under general anaesthesia from November 2022 to January 2023.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

This primary aim was to verify the association between lung ultrasound score (LUSS) on postoperative day 1 (POD1) and PPCs. The secondary aim was to identify other relevant peri-operative factors closely related to PPCs and establish a model capable of predicting the risk of PPCs in patients undergoing fast-track VATS.

RESULTS

Of the 200 recruited patients, 182 completed the LUS examination and 30-day follow-up. Of these, 66 (36.2%) developed various types of PPCs. These patients had a higher LUSS on POD 1 (P < 0.001), and more subpleural consolidation areas compared to those without PPCs (P < 0.001). Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) analysis identified the optimal LUSS cut-off value at 6 points for predicting the occurrence of PPCs, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.838 (95% CI, 0.768 to 0.909). Patients with PPCs had higher rates of immune system diseases and ARISCAT score, longer hospital stay and procalcitonin levels, increased frequency of lobar resection, longer durations of surgical and mechanical ventilation, and greater incidence of unplanned hospital readmissions within 30 days postdischarge, compared with those without PPCs (all P < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that the comorbidity of immune system disease, along with postoperative 24 h LUSS, were independent risk factor for PPCs within 30 days after VATS.

CONCLUSION

LUSS on POD 1 emerged as an independent risk factor for PPCs in fast-track VATS patients and reliably predicted the occurrence of PPCs within 30 days of hospital discharge.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

ClinicalTrials. gov No. ChiCTR2200065865.
A Rare Case of Solitary Fibrous Tumor Involving the Nasolacrimal Duct System in a 12-Year-Old Female: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Sheth Nishita T. , Adetunji Modupe O. , Smith Emily T. , Lee Irene T. , Woodward Julie A. , Cummings Thomas J. , Dermarkarian, Christopher R.
Published: December 2024

We report the youngest case of solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) with extensive involvement of the nasolacrimal duct system and discuss current literature regarding this tumor type. A 12-year-old female presented with a 6-month history of an enlarging right medial orbit mass. CT orbits revealed a well-circumscribed, enhancing lesion adjacent to the right nasolacrimal system. Pathology confirmed SFT (1.2 × 1.1 × 1.1 cm) with spindle cell morphology and a mitotic rate of 5 per 10 high power fields. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was positive for CD-34 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 and negative for S-100, consistent with SFT. Next-generation sequencing confirmed NGFI-A-binding protein 2::signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 gene fusion. To our knowledge, only 17 cases of SFT involving the lacrimal sac have been reported, of which, the average age was 43.5 years. Notably, SFTs with a high mitotic rate carry a heightened risk of malignant transformation. Given our patient’s mitotic rate of 5 per 10 high power fields, positive surgical margins, and young age, close follow-up is imperative.
Cyclophosphamide-induced atrial fibrillation in the context of ANCA-associated vasculitis: a case report
Authors: Pandey Sakar , Dhakal Aayusha , Singh Roshan , Shakya Rahul , Dhakal Sweta , Bhandari Sagar
Published: December 2024

Introduction and importance:

Cyclophosphamide is a widely used immunosuppressant for inducing remission in various immune-mediated conditions. However, its potential for cardiotoxicity is well documented. One of the earliest possible manifestations of this cardiotoxicity following cyclophosphamide infusion is atrial fibrillation (AF), which typically presents within 48 h of the infusion.

Case presentation:

The authors present a case of a 58-year-old male with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis who presented to the emergency department with clinical features of acute kidney injury. Following subsequent assessment and evaluation, the patient was managed in the intensive care unit with hemodialysis and intravenous corticosteroids. He was aimed at inducing remission with cyclophosphamide infusion. However, a few hours following induction with cyclophosphamide infusion, the patient developed palpitation, sweating, and tachycardia with a heart rate of 140–180/min. The electrocardiogram showed an irregular QRS complex with an absent p-wave. AF was diagnosed and managed with amiodarone infusion for 24 h followed by oral maintenance dosing. No further episode of AF occurred following cessation of cyclophosphamide and switching to rituximab for the treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis.

Clinical discussion:

Cyclophosphamide, even at lower dosages, can cause cardiotoxicity in patients with renal impairment due to the delayed elimination of its toxic metabolites. In addition, patients who receive CYP 450 inducers, such as prednisone, may experience the accelerated build-up of its toxic metabolites, thereby raising the risk for cardiotoxicity.

Conclusion:

The cardiotoxic manifestation of cyclophosphamide can arise from its use in several immune-mediated conditions. Given its potential for cardiotoxicity, careful cardiac monitoring during and after cyclophosphamide infusion is essential to ensure timely intervention, if needed.
Metaplastic breast carcinoma: a rare and aggressive entity
Authors: Zaiter Manar , Naccour Jessica , Khalil Faten , El-Helou Etienne
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Breast cancer (BC) remains the most prevalent malignancy among women globally, encompassing a variety of tumor subtypes with differing biological behaviors, prognoses, and responses to treatment. Among these, invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most common, followed by other subtypes such as lobular carcinoma and triple-negative breast cancer. Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MpBC) is a rare and highly aggressive form of BC, representing less than 2% of cases. Characterized by its heterogeneous nature and poorer prognosis compared to other BC subtypes, MpBC often presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Case description:

We present the case of a 70-year-old woman who presented to our breast care clinic with right mastodynia following a recent trauma. She reported a palpable retro-areolar mass in the right breast that had increased in size over several years and was associated with calcifications. Imaging studies, including mammography and ultrasound, revealed a 3-cm irregular, heavily calcified mass with indistinct borders. Histological analysis of a biopsy confirmed metaplastic carcinoma with chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma elements, high histological grade, and lymphovascular involvement. The patient underwent successful tumor excision with sentinel lymph node removal. Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy were planned based on a multidisciplinary team’s recommendations.

Discussion:

MpBC typically presents as a palpable, irregular mass that may exhibit rapid growth or changes, often complicating its differentiation from other breast malignancies. Standard imaging techniques like mammography and ultrasound may fail to clearly distinguish MpBC from other tumors, leading to potential misdiagnosis. The heterogeneous nature of MpBC, with both epithelial and mesenchymal components, poses additional challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Although MpBC is generally more aggressive and less responsive to conventional therapies compared to IDC, recent analyses suggest that, when adjusted for confounding factors, survival outcomes for MpBC may align more closely with those of aggressive IDC subtypes. Current treatment strategies include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, with emerging targeted therapies offering potential for improved outcomes.

Conclusion:

MpBC remains a rare and challenging BC subtype with a typically poor prognosis. Our case highlights the diagnostic difficulties and the aggressive nature of MpBC. Despite its severe clinical features and histological grades, survival outcomes for MpBC may be comparable to those of aggressive IDC subtypes when appropriate treatment adjustments are made. Continued research into targeted therapies and novel treatment approaches is essential to enhance management strategies and improve outcomes for patients with MpBC.
The effect of propranolol on cesarean section rate in prolonged labor: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shrateh Oadi N. , Habib Ashna , Nazir Zainab , Zeer Zahraa M. M. , Ali Tooba , Matter Saleh , Tanina Sadeq F. S. , Naasan Mashhour
Published: December 2024

Background:

Propranolol is widely recognized as a nonselective β-adrenergic receptor blocker known to enhance uterine activity in both pregnant and non-pregnant women. Prolonged labor and serious concerns about maternal and neonatal health prompted us to investigate medical issues. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of propranolol on cesarean deliveries during prolonged labor.

Methods:

A systematic search was conducted in databases including PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to 1 November 2023. We included randomized clinical trials that evaluated maternal and neonatal outcomes in patients receiving intrapartum propranolol during prolonged labor. Unadjusted risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a fixed-effects model. The I2 statistic was used to measure and assess heterogeneity. The primary outcome was cesarean delivery rate, and secondary outcomes included Apgar score, cord arterial pH, neonatal birth weight, neonatal intensive care unit admission, postpartum hemorrhage, and composite maternal and neonatal morbidity.

Results:

Of the 704 identified articles, six were included in the meta-analyses. There was a significant difference in cesarean deliveries between propranolol and placebo (RR 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.59–1.09, P = 0.02). In addition, there was no significant difference between study groups in secondary outcomes.

Conclusion:

In this meta-analysis, a notable reduction in cesarean rates was observed when propranolol was given to women in prolonged labor. The results of this meta-analysis show that the use of propranolol safely reduces the need for cesarean deliveries due to labor arrest disorders.
Beyond convention: non-compacted myocardium, ventricular tachycardia, and systolic dysfunction in dextrocardia patients: a case series
Authors: Nazarenko Natalia , Maliha Maisha , Cerna Luis , Abittan Nathaniel , Borkowski Pawel , Csecs Ibolya , Garcia Mario
Published: December 2024

Background:

Noncompaction of the left ventricle (LVNC) is linked to a higher risk of sudden cardiac death and stroke. Its prevalence ranges from 0.014% to 1.3% in the general population, rising to 7.5% in patients with dextrocardia.

Case summary:

A male in his late 70s presented with worsening dyspnea and leg swelling, with dextrocardia and frequent extrasystoles. Imaging revealed right-sided pleural effusion, severely reduced ejection fraction, and ventricular and atrial dilatation. He developed sustained monomorphic VT, was treated with amiodarone, had successful coronary stenting, and received an ICD with no further hospital readmissions or ICD events. A second case involved a male in his late 50s who presented with dyspnea. He had dextrocardia with situs inversus, subsegmental pulmonary embolism, and LVNC. He was treated with enoxaparin, medical therapy, and Holter monitoring, which showed mild arrhythmias. He declined ICD placement but remained event-free during the first year of follow-up.

Discussion:

LVNC is a rare condition resulting from abnormal myocardial development during embryogenesis, leading to a two-layered myocardial structure. Diagnosis is based on imaging criteria. LVNC is linked to arrhythmias, heart failure, and conduction abnormalities, requiring interventions such as ICD placement, arrhythmia monitoring, and genetic testing. Further research is needed on genetic associations and long-term outcomes in dextrocardia patients.
Healthcare debts in the United States: a silent fight
Authors: Aborode Abdullahi Tunde , Oginni Oreoluwa , Abacheng Modesta , Edima Ottoho , Lamunu Emily , Folorunso Tayo Nafisat , Oko Christian Inya , Iretiayo Akinjo Rebecca , Lawal Lukman , Amarachi Ruth , Badri Rawa , Bamigbade Gafar Babatunde , Olanrewaju Omotayo Faith , Agwuna Favour Obianuju , Adesola Ridwan Olamilekan
Published: December 2024

Healthcare debt in the United States is a significant problem, affecting millions of Americans. Many people struggle to pay for healthcare, and approximately 9% owe over $250 due to health costs. Nearly half of US adults find it difficult to afford healthcare, with uninsured individuals and those with lower incomes facing the most significant challenges. Healthcare debt in the United States is a problem with profound consequences. This debt encompasses expenses incurred for various medical services, from hospital stays and surgeries to doctor visits and medications. Healthcare debt casts a long shadow, adversely affecting physical and mental well-being and increasing stress, anxiety, and depression. Unpaid bills lead to the avoidance of necessary care, perpetuating health issues and straining the healthcare system. Beyond health implications, it affects credit history, limits access to credit facilities, and hampers employment opportunities. So, comprehensive healthcare reform emerges as a potential remedy, by expanding access to affordable health insurance, regulating healthcare costs, and addressing coverage gaps could alleviate the impact of healthcare debts. Therefore, exploring the feasibility of transitioning toward a universal healthcare system becomes crucial, offering equitable access to essential medical services and mitigating financial burdens on individuals. As healthcare debts continue to profoundly influence health, economic stability, and social well-being, a holistic approach is imperative for a healthier and economically sound future for all Americans.
Incidental diagnosis of tracheal trifurcation detected during general anesthesia from Nepal: a case report
Authors: Gaire Sandesh , Shrestha Bibhush , Acharya Ashish , Bhattarai Kritika , Basyal Santosh , Bhattarai Roshani
Published: December 2024

Introduction and importance:

Tracheal trifurcation is an uncommon condition characterized by a three-branched bronchial structure that can be directed either to the right or the left, most commonly on the right. It is associated with tracheobronchial anomalies, cardiovascular defects, and esophageal malformations. The intraoperative diagnosis of tracheal trifurcation is important when lung isolation is needed.

Presentation of case:

A three-branched structure at the carina was incidentally found in a 55-year-old female via a bronchoscope after the induction of general anesthesia when the lungs could not get isolated for a tricuspid valve replacement procedure, which was planned via right-sided thoracotomy. Initially, the patient complained of shortness of breath on exertion with concomitant multiple episodes of sore throat and fever. The patient was undergoing tricuspid valve replacement for rheumatic heart disease. There was no postoperative complication encountered.

Discussion:

Tracheal trifurcation or tracheal bronchus is an aberrant bronchus arising most commonly from the right side in the right upper bronchus between the carina and the cricoid cartilage. It is a very uncommon condition with most cases being asymptomatic. The condition has anesthetic implications, especially with the placement of endotracheal tube. These include lung field hypoxemia, shunting, and atelectasis.

Conclusion:

Through our case report, we aim to highlight the importance of viewing the bronchial morphology if the lung cannot be isolated after double-lumen endotracheal tube insertion. Hence, a careful assessment of both anatomical and physiological parameters of the bronchial tree and the lungs is to be done for such cases.
Fluid replacement and acute systemic inflammatory response syndrome during prolonged eight-hour extreme heat exposure in young men
Authors: Wang Faming , Lu Caiping , Lei Tze-Huan , Lei Ying
Published: December 2024

Prolonged exposure to extreme heat poses significant risks, including systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), organ damage and hormonal imbalance. While fluid replacement is commonly recommended to mitigate these effects, its efficacy under uncompensable heat stress remains unclear. This study investigated the impacts of fluid replacement on thermoregulation, systemic inflammation, organ stress, cortisol levels and plasma electrolyte balance during eight-hour of extreme heat exposure in healthy young men. Twelve participants (age: 24.7±1.6 years; body surface area: 1.9±0.1 m²) underwent two randomized trials (dehydration: 125 mL/hour; euhydration: 375 mL/hour) in a heat chamber (40 °C, 55% RH). Biomarkers of inflammation (e.g., IL-6, IL-1β), oxidative stress (e.g., MDA, SOD), organ function (ALT, BUN), cortisol, and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride) were measured before and after exposure. Core temperature (Tcore) was continuously monitored. Results showed that fluid replacement significantly reducedTcoreat the end of the exposure (38.0±0.12 °C vs. 38.2±0.10 °C,p=0.046). However, it exacerbated systemic inflammation (IL-6: euhydration 19.8±4.3 pg/mL vs. dehydration 12.5±2.8 pg/mL,p<0.01) and liver stress (ALT: euhydration 45.3±6.7 U/L vs. dehydration 34.1±5.5 U/L,p=0.03). Cortisol levels decreased significantly in the euhydration group (p=0.041), potentially indicating attenuated stress resilience. Electrolyte imbalances (reduced sodium and potassium concentrations) were observed in the euhydration condition. Taken together, while fluid replacement reducedTcore, it did not mitigate SIRS and instead exacerbated systemic inflammation, liver stress, and electrolyte imbalances, potentially through hypotonic osmotic stress. These findings underscore the need for personalized hydration strategies that balance fluid and electrolyte intake during extreme heat exposure to minimize health risks.

Key points

This study investigated the effects of fluid replacement on acute inflammatory responses, thermoregulation, and organ stress markers in healthy young males exposed to eight hours of uncompensable heat stress.

Fluid replacement did not mitigate acute systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) but exacerbated inflammatory and organ stress markers despite reducing core temperature.

Core temperatures remained significantly lower in the euhydration group, but systemic and hepatic inflammatory markers worsened, highlighting the complexity of hydration strategies under extreme heat.

We emphasize the need for individualized hydration strategies incorporating electrolyte balance and sweat rate monitoring to minimize SIRS risk.

We provide actionable insights into heat stress physiology, with implications for occupational health guidelines, public health policies, and climate change adaptation.
Electrical control of the transduction channels’ gating force in sensory hair cells
Authors: Joliot Achille , Stickel Laure , Martin Pascal
Published: December 2024

Hair cells, the sensory receptors of the inner ear, rely on mechanosensitive ion channels to transduce mechanical vibrations of their hair bundle into electrical signals. The mechanical correlate of channel gating—the gating force—is a fundamental determinant of hair-cell mechanosensitivity to displacements of the hair bundle. We report here the effects of varying the electrical potential across the epithelium that houses the hair cells on the gating force. We found that a negative potential in the endolymph that bathed the hair bundles increased the gating force by up to twofold, while positive endolymphatic potentials had the opposite effect. In contrast, the endolymphatic potential only weakly affected hair-bundle stiffness. Together, our results indicate that the gating force varied because the gating swing varied, from values that are comparable to the pore size of the transduction channels to values nearly tenfold as large. When the endolymphatic potential reached a negative threshold value of about −50 mV, our work further revealed a reversible, but hysteretic, transition between states of strong and weak gating force, for which the hair bundles oscillated spontaneously or remained quiescent, respectively. Finally, we provide evidence that these effects resulted from a modulation of the Ca2+influx through the transduction channels and that a minimal influx is necessary to produce strong gating forces. We propose that force sensitivity of the transduction channel protein complex can be adjusted by the hair cell depending on physiological control parameters.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT

The inner ear’s hair cells rely on mechanosensitive ion channels to convert vibrations of their hair bundles into electrical signals. We show that varying the electrical potential across the sensory hair-cell epithelium continuously modulates a fundamental determinant of mechanosensitivity called the gating force. Remarkably, a hair cell can also switch between states of weak and strong gating force at negative potentials, so that strong gating forces associated to high mechanosensitivity are observed only when the calcium influx through the channels is large enough, but not too large. Gating-force control is expected to underly the ear’s ability to achieve exquisite mechanosensitivity to minute sound stimuli and be relevant to biological systems relying on direct mechanical gating of ion channels.
Exploring Cognitive and Neuroimaging Profiles of Dementia Subtypes of Individuals with Dementia in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Ikanga Jean , Patel Saranya Sundaram , Schwinne Megan , Obenauf Caterina , Epenge Emmanuel , Gikelekele Guy , Tshengele Nathan , Kavugho Immaculee , Mampunza Samuel , Mananga Lelo , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Rojas Julio C. , Chan Brandon , Lario Lago Argentina , Kramer Joel H. , Boxer Adam L. , Jeromin Andreas , Omba Emile , Alonso Alvaro , Gross Alden L.
Published: December 2024

Objective

The 2024 Alzheimer’s Association (AA) research diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) considers fluid biomarkers, including promising blood-based biomarkers for detecting AD. This study aims to identify dementia subtypes and their cognitive and neuroimaging profiles in older adults with dementia in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) using biomarkers and clinical data.

Methods

Forty-five individuals with dementia over 65 years old were evaluated using the Community Screening Instrument for Dementia and the informant-based Alzheimer’s Questionnaire. Core AD biomarkers (Aβ42/40 and p-tau181) and non-specific neurodegeneration biomarkers (NfL, GFAP) were measured in blood plasma. Neuroimaging structures were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Dementia subtypes were determined based on plasma biomarker pathology and vascular markers. Biomarker cutoff scores were identified to optimize sensitivity and specificity. Individuals were stratified into one of four dementia subtypes – AD only, non-AD vascular, non-AD other, or mixed – based on combinations of abnormalities in these markers.

Results

Among the 45 individuals with dementia, mixed dementia had the highest prevalence (42.4%), followed by AD-only (24.4%), non-AD other dementia (22.2%), and non-AD vascular dementia subtypes (11.1%). Both cognitive and neuroimaging profiles aligned poorly with biomarker classifications in the full sample. Cognitive tests varied across dementia subtypes. The cognitive profile of the AD-only and mixed groups suggested relatively low cognitive performance, while the non-AD and other groups had the best scores on average.

Conclusion

Consistent with studies in other settings, our preliminary findings suggest that neurodegenerative plasma biomarkers may help to identify dementia subtypes and provide insight into cognitive and neuroimaging profiles among older adults in the DRC.
H2−CH4
van der Waals compounds under rapid compression
Authors: Yan Jinwei , Osmond Israel , Howie Ross T. , Gregoryanz Eugene , Peña-Alvarez Miriam
Published: December 2024

Under high pressure, methane and hydrogen form (CH4)2H2, CH4(H2)2, and (CH4)3(H2)25 van der Waals compounds with stoichiometries determined by the H2 concentration. This study investigates the effect of compression rates (up to 183 GPa/s) on the formation and morphology of these compounds at pressures up to 60 GPa utilizing dynamic diamond anvil cells combined with time-resolved Raman spectroscopy. Compression rates exceeding 100 GPa/s inhibit the formation of (CH4)3(H2)25, while CH4(H2)2 and (CH4)2H2 remain unaffected. Furthermore, lower compression rates yield distinct leaflike and globular sample morphologies depending on the H2 concentration, while rates above 20 GPa/s consistently result in textureless mixtures, regardless of

H

2

concentration. These combined results demonstrate the competition between transition time and kinetic barriers, together with the critical role of the compression rate during dynamic-pressure nonequilibrium processes.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Colloidal deposits from evaporating sessile droplets: A computationally efficient framework for predicting the final deposit shape
Authors: Coombs Nathan C. J. , Chubynsky Mykyta V. , Sprittles James E.
Published: December 2024

A modeling framework for the complete evaporation of particle-laden droplets, including touchdown events where the air-liquid interface approaches the substrate, is presented. The inclusion of particle jamming into the model, creating a transition from free advection to an immobile porous plug, is essential to making realistic predictions for the deposit's dimensions. By removing the need to track jammed particle fronts explicitly, as often considered, we are able to run simulations until solute has jammed everywhere in the drop. This allows for valid comparisons with experimental findings on the dried deposit's topography. Our model can also be easily applied to general contact line geometries, allowing us to explore the influence of contact line curvature on the local deposit profile.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Two-Loop Electron Self-Energy for Low Nuclear Charges
Authors: Yerokhin V. A. , Harman Z. , Keitel C. H.
Published: December 2024

Calculations of the two-loop electron self-energy for the 1S Lamb shift are reported, performed to all orders in the nuclear binding strength parameter Zα (where Z is the nuclear charge number and α is the fine structure constant). Our approach allows calculations to be extended to nuclear charges lower than previously possible and improves the numerical accuracy by more than an order of magnitude. Extrapolation of our all-order results to hydrogen yields a result twice as precise as the previously accepted value [E. Tiesinga ], differing from it by 2.8 standard deviations. The resulting shift in the theoretical prediction for the 1S−2S transition frequency in hydrogen decreases the value of the Rydberg constant by one standard deviation.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Assessing barriers of automation and robotics adoption in the Indian construction industry: a fuzzy DEMATEL approach
Authors: Patel Tirth , Bapat Hirakraj , Patel Daksh
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Despite global advancements, the Indian construction industry lags in adopting technologies like robots, artificial intelligence, drones, unmanned ground vehicles and Internet of Things sensors due to various barriers. This reliance on traditional practices leads to persistent issues such as labour shortages, low productivity, safety risks, cost overruns and delays. Identifying and addressing these barriers is crucial for adopting advanced technologies. Hence, this study aims to identify and assess the influential barriers to construction automation and robotics (AaR) in India using a systematic approach.

Design/methodology/approach

An extensive literature review identified key barriers, including technological, financial, regulatory, environmental and organisational. A questionnaire survey was conducted among industry professionals, and the Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory technique was used to evaluate the interrelationships and relative significance of these barriers.

Findings

The results of the study reveal the most critical cause barriers as “high initial cost”, “rigidity in organisational processes and procedures”, “interoperability”, “lack of competency” and “lack of standardisation”. These barriers subsequently influence the top two effect barriers such as “market uncertainty” and “ethical concerns”.

Practical implications

This research offers a systematic and quantitative assessment, enabling stakeholders to make informed decisions and develop strategies to overcome barriers to AaR adoption, unlocking the transformative potential of AaR in India’s construction sector.

Originality/value

Despite potential benefits, the adoption of AaR in Indian construction remains limited due to various barriers. This study provides novel insights with the first comprehensive assessment of these barriers and their interrelationships.
From humble roots to innovative shoots: the dynamic duo of psychological safety and knowledge-sharing under humble leadership
Authors: Dahiya Rinki
Published: December 2024

Purpose

In the pursuit of unravelling the dynamics of leadership and innovation in the workplace, the present study endeavours to construct and empirically validate a comprehensive serially mediated moderation process model that links humble leadership (HBL) and employee innovative work behaviour (E-IWB). Also, this model offers a nuanced understanding of the sequential interplay of perceived psychological safety (PPS) and employee knowledge-sharing behaviour (E-KSB). Furthermore, the study delves into the moderating influence of occupational self-efficacy (OSE), seeking to uncover the conditions under which the positive effects of E-KSB on E-IWB are accentuated within the context of expressed humility.

Design/methodology/approach

Time-lagged data were collected from 225 subordinate–supervisor dyads in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) of the Indian apparel manufacturing sector utilising survey methods. IBM SPSS, AMOS and PROCESS Macro were used to analyse the data.

Findings

The findings indicate that HBL positively influences E-IWB with the serial mediating role of PPS and E-KSB. Also, OSE moderates the link between E-KSB and E-IWB so that the positive indirect effect of HBL on E-IWB through PPS and E-KSB in the serial process is more pronounced at higher levels of OSE.

Originality/value

This study contributes insights by proposing and empirically testing a serially mediated moderation process model that elucidates the intricate relationships between HBL, PPS, E-KSB and E-IWB. The exploration of OSE as a moderator enriches the understanding of the conditions under which the positive and indirect effects unfold. The research thus provides a nuanced framework for leadership and innovation dynamics, offering a valuable guide for organisations seeking to foster a culture of humility for enhanced employee innovation in SME contexts.
Lesson study in Switzerland: from research to dissemination and back
Authors: Clivaz Stéphane , Clerc-Georgy Anne , Oberthaler Urs , Frank Schmid Silvia
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This article aims to evaluate the current state and planned progress of lesson study (LS) in Switzerland, specifically focusing on the efforts made by different university teacher education institutions across three language regions of the country.

Design/methodology/approach

First, a literature review is carried out to establish the LS research situation in Switzerland. In a second step, LS projects implemented in three different language regions across Switzerland and key findings thereof will be presented.

Findings

LS in Switzerland has progressed in terms of research, as can be seen from the publication of 18 papers from seven different universities and classified into three categories. The majority of these papers stem from the Lausanne Laboratory Lesson Study. Swiss LS has also attracted attention in some neighbouring countries. Nevertheless, the sustainability of the LS process in Switzerland is still in its infancy. Some unfavourable factors are due to the cantonal and versatile structure of the Swiss education system. However, thanks to the centre of expertise for LS at Lausanne University of Teacher Education, LS is expanding to other regions of Switzerland.

Research limitations/implications

While this paper does not delve into extensive research on the development of LS in Switzerland, it highlights the need for further research to analyse the conditions and constraints impacting the sustainability of learning communities in the country.

Originality/value

This paper represents the first literature review specifically addressing LS in Switzerland, offering a comprehensive assessment of its research development. Additionally, it is the first study to examine the development of learning communities across different language regions of the country. Moreover, it shows how LS can be implemented and adapted to the varied educational preconditions in Switzerland.
The role of formal institutional agents in building legitimacy: insights from the personal protective equipment industry
Authors: Wolek Rocha Amanda , Monticelli Jefferson M. , Verschoore Jorge Renato
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Our paper examines how formal institutional agents influence the legitimacy of companies in a highly regulated industry. We focus on the Brazilian personal protective equipment (PPE) industry because its characteristics are particularly suited to this investigation. Companies are subject to isomorphic pressures imposed by regulatory demands they must comply with for successful market entry, and the institutional environment plays a significant role in shaping organizations’ strategic decision-making. However, customer purchasing decisions are often influenced by price rather than by an organization’s performance in pre-certification testing.

Design/methodology/approach

We conducted a case study, holding 13 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, including PPE manufacturers, their suppliers and customers, representatives from formal institutional agents, industry experts and consultants.

Findings

Our findings highlight the role of formal institutional agents in creating and implementing the rules of the institutional environment. However, we found that the regulatory framework alone has insufficient credibility to establish legitimacy for PPE manufacturers from the perspective of their consumers. This is in part because of weak regulatory oversight, manifested as the absence of enforcement through post-certification inspections, which is possibly due to mimetic isomorphism.

Originality/value

Our study contributes to the field of organizational legitimacy by analyzing and offering insights into the role of formal institutional agents in a regulated industry. In the empirical field, it helps organizations to understand how institutions impact customers’ perception of legitimacy in the market, paradoxically, by showing that sometimes the impact is negligible.
The contribution of the public library in promoting reading culture among library users in Rwanda
Authors: Wema Evans Frank , Kabagambe Jean
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study examined the contribution of the public library in promoting reading culture among library users in Rwanda.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employed a case study research design, with a qualitative approach where data were collected through interviews and focus group discussions.

Findings

The findings show that the library was being used by most library users for reading. However, most library users utilized the library for the purposes of gaining knowledge and relaxation. Among the factors that hinder library users from reading in the library included long distances to reach the public library, financial constraints, addiction to watching television and other viewing gadgets, difficulty in distinguishing main ideas from relevant details, slow reading rate, inadequate reading interests, unavailability of reading materials and inadequate vocabularies.

Research limitations/implications

The public library helps to promote the reading culture among library users and acts as a link to socio-economic discussions; however, there are factors that hinder effective reading culture.

Originality/value

The study is among the few ever to be carried out in the Rwandan setting owing to the nature of its public library services being focused on a varying category of users from academics to other citizens.
Traumatic experiences, dissociative symptoms, and alexithymia in patients with alopecia areata
Authors: Demirgil Furkan , Kuğu Nesim , Yılmaz Yavuz
Published: December 2024

Although genetic, environmental, autoimmune, and psychological factors are believed to play a role in the onset of alopecia areata (AA), the exact cause remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether there are differences in traumatic experiences, dissociative symptoms, and alexithymia levels between groups. Fifty eight patients diagnosed with AA, 58 individuals with dermatological diseases thought to have a low psychosomatic component, and 58 individuals not diagnosed with any chronic disease were included in the study. All participants were assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ‐28), Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5), and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS‐20). A Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐5 (SCID‐5‐CV) form was used to exclude additional psychiatric diagnoses. Mean scores on the CTQ‐28 scale revealed differences between groups in terms of physical neglect and emotional neglect scores (p < 0.001; p = 0.022; p < 0.001). There were no differences in DES scores between groups (p = 0.085). When compared in terms of TAS‐20 and PCL‐5 scores, differences were found (p = 0.016; p = 0.024). As a result of this study, it was concluded that physical neglect and emotional neglect could play a significant role in the onset of AA. Alexithymia and traumatic stress disorder symptoms might be more prevalent in patients with AA.