bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A proceeding to numerical study of mathematical model of bioconvective Maxwell nanofluid flow through a porous stretching surface with nield/convective boundary constraints
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Basit Muhammad Abdul , Yasmin Sumeira , Khan Shan Ali , Elagan S. K. , Akgül Ali , Hassan Ahmed M.
Published: January 2024

Nanofluids become significant in the mass and heat transfer models, especially in engineering problems. Current proceedings focused on the bioconvective Maxwell nanofluid flow passing through the permeable stretchable sheet contingent to nield boundary conditions involving effects of activation energy and thermal radiation. Various physical quantities are involved in this mechanism like magnetic field, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion. The main objective of the study is to report the heat and mass transport in the existence of motile microorganisms. In a mathematical perspective, this structured physical model is going to govern with the help of partial differential equations (PDEs). These governing PDEs are then converted into dimensionless ordinary differential equations form by utilizing appropriate similarity transformations. For numerical results, the shooting technique with ‘bvp4c’ built-in package of MATLAB was implemented. Computed results are then visualized graphically and discussed effects of involving physical variables on the nano-fluid flow profiles are comprehensively. From results, it has been concluded that the fluid flow velocity, temperature, concentration, and microorganism density profiles show escalation on increasing the numeric values of porosity, thermophoresis, buoyancy ratio, bioconvection Rayleigh, Peclet number parameters and decrement reported due to increasing the counts of Prandtl number, magnetic field, radiation, Brownian motion, Lewis number as evident from figures. The numerical outcomes observed by fixing the physical parameters as $$0.1 < \lambda < 3.0$$

0.1
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, $$0.1 < M < 1.5$$

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, $$0.1 < Nr < 6.0$$

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, $$0.1 < Rb < 1.5$$

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, $$0.1 < Nb < 6.0$$

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, $$0.1 < Nt < 1.0$$

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, $$2.0 < \Pr < 2.9$$

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, $$0.1 < Rd < 0.4$$

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. Magnetic field and Brownian motion create retardation impact due to the liquid momentum. In tables, the numerical values of Skin friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and microorganisms density number are presented and also comparison table of our computed results and already published results is included for the validation.
A transposon-based genetic marker for conspecific identity within the Bactrocera dorsalis species complex
Authors: Zimowska Grazyna J. , Xavier Nirmala , Qadri Masroor , Handler Alfred M.
Published: January 2024

Here we describe a molecular approach to assess conspecific identity that relies on the comparison of an evolved mutated transposable element sequence and its genomic insertion site in individuals from closely related species. This was explored with the IFP2 piggyBac transposon, originally discovered in Trichoplusia ni as a 2472 bp functional element, that was subsequently found as mutated elements in seven species within the Bactrocera dorsalis species complex. In a B. dorsalis [Hendel] strain collected in Kahuku, Hawaii, a degenerate 2420 bp piggyBac sequence (pBacBd-Kah) having ~ 94.5% sequence identity to IFP2 was isolated, and it was reasoned that common species, or strains within species, should share the same evolved element and its precise genomic insertion site. To test this assumption, PCR using primers to pBacBd-Kah and adjacent genomic sequences was used to isolate and compare homologous sequences in strains of four sibling species within the complex. Three of these taxa, B. papayae, B. philippinensis, and B. invadens, were previously synonymized with B. dorsalis, and found to share nearly identical pBacBd-Kah homologous elements (> 99% nucleotide identity) within the identical insertion site consistent with conspecific species. The fourth species tested, B. carambolae, considered to be a closely related yet independent species sympatric with B. dorsalis, also shared the pBacBd-Kah sequence and insertion site in one strain from Suriname, while another divergent pBacBd-Kah derivative, closer in identity to IFP2, was found in individuals from French Guiana, Bangladesh and Malaysia. This data, along with the absence of pBacBd-Kah in distantly related Bactrocera, indicates that mutated descendants of piggyBac, as well as other invasive mobile elements, could be reliable genomic markers for common species identity.
Design and stability analysis of the gear-type mobile mechanism with a single actuator
Authors: Shi Kan , Tang Jianglong , Liu Jiachao , Yuan Liang
Published: January 2024

Gear mechanism transmits the motion and power of parallel axes, intersecting axes and staggered axes, which has been widely employed in production and life. Gear-type mobile mechanism is a type of robot that can achieve motion through gear transmission. Due to its unique motion mode, it can handle various tasks in certain unconventional environments, such as particularly steep surfaces. Cylindrical gear, bevel gear and non-cylindrical gear are taken as the main parts of the mechanism to form a novel research series, respectively. The models of gear-type mobile mechanism are established in this paper, and the degrees of freedom of the mechanism are briefly calculated based on the screw theory. Simultaneously, the influence of centroid trajectory on motion stability is discussed to solve the possible problem that opposite rotation occur during the movement. Furthermore, the trajectory model of zero moment point is calculated considering the motion of the gear-type mobile mechanism. After that, the simulation and experimental analysis of its motion capability show that the gear-type mobile mechanism has excellent characteristics in stability, flexibility and continuity.
Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of [11C]uPSEM792 for PSAM4-GlyR based chemogenetics
Authors: Nerella Sridhar Goud , Telu Sanjay , Liow Jeih-San , Jenkins Madeline D. , Zoghbi Sami S. , Gomez Juan L. , Michaelides Michael , Eldridge Mark A. G. , Richmond Barry J. , Innis Robert B. , Pike Victor W.
Published: January 2024

Chemogenetic tools are designed to control neuronal signaling. These tools have the potential to contribute to the understanding of neuropsychiatric disorders and to the development of new treatments. One such chemogenetic technology comprises modified Pharmacologically Selective Actuator Modules (PSAMs) paired with Pharmacologically Selective Effector Molecules (PSEMs). PSAMs are receptors with ligand-binding domains that have been modified to interact only with a specific small-molecule agonist, designated a PSEM. PSAM4 is a triple mutant PSAM derived from the α7 nicotinic receptor (α7L131G,Q139L,Y217F). Although having no constitutive activity as a ligand-gated ion channel, PSAM4 has been coupled to the serotonin 5-HT3 receptor (5-HT3R) and to the glycine receptor (GlyR). Treatment with the partner PSEM to activate PSAM4-5-HT3 or PSAM4-GlyR, causes neuronal activation or silencing, respectively. A suitably designed radioligand may enable selective visualization of the expression and location of PSAMs with positron emission tomography (PET). Here, we evaluated uPSEM792, an ultrapotent PSEM for PSAM4-GlyR, as a possible lead for PET radioligand development. We labeled uPSEM792 with the positron-emitter, carbon-11 (t1/2 = 20.4 min), in high radiochemical yield by treating a protected precursor with [11C]iodomethane followed by base deprotection. PET experiments with [11C]uPSEM792 in rodents and in a monkey transduced with PSAM4-GlyR showed low peak radioactivity uptake in brain. This low uptake was probably due to high polarity of the radioligand, as evidenced by physicochemical measurements, and to the vulnerability of the radioligand to efflux transport at the blood–brain barrier. These findings can inform the design of a more effective PSAM4 based PET radioligand, based on the uPSEM792 chemotype.
Robustness and reproducibility for AI learning in biomedical sciences: RENOIR
Authors: Barberis Alessandro , Aerts Hugo J. W. L. , Buffa Francesca M.
Published: January 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques are increasingly applied across various domains, favoured by the growing acquisition and public availability of large, complex datasets. Despite this trend, AI publications often suffer from lack of reproducibility and poor generalisation of findings, undermining scientific value and contributing to global research waste. To address these issues and focusing on the learning aspect of the AI field, we present RENOIR (REpeated random sampliNg fOr machIne leaRning), a modular open-source platform for robust and reproducible machine learning (ML) analysis. RENOIR adopts standardised pipelines for model training and testing, introducing elements of novelty, such as the dependence of the performance of the algorithm on the sample size. Additionally, RENOIR offers automated generation of transparent and usable reports, aiming to enhance the quality and reproducibility of AI studies. To demonstrate the versatility of our tool, we applied it to benchmark datasets from health, computer science, and STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) domains. Furthermore, we showcase RENOIR’s successful application in recently published studies, where it identified classifiers for SET2D and TP53 mutation status in cancer. Finally, we present a use case where RENOIR was employed to address a significant pharmacological challenge—predicting drug efficacy. RENOIR is freely available at https://github.com/alebarberis/renoir.
Improvement of the production of bio-oil and biodiesel from Egyptian Jatropha seeds by using microwave and ultrasonic
Authors: Khater El-Sayed G. , AbdAlla Soha A. , Bahnasawy Adel H. , AbuHashish Hassan M.
Published: January 2024

Bio-diesel is used for engine as a replacement of diesel fuel which is characterized by lower emission, low pollution and renewable some of fuel. This study focus on how to enhance the production of bio-oil from Jatropha seeds by using microwave and ultrasonic as pre-treatments. To achieve that, the effects of extraction temperature (60, 80, 100 and 120 °C) and extraction screw speed (60, 90 and 120 rpm) on oil extraction yield and quality, extraction energy requirements and extraction time and were studied. Studying the effect of pretreatments by microwave and ultrasonic on the yield, energy and time of extraction were studied. The results most important indicate that the highest oil yield (25.1%) was recorded at 120 °C extraction temperature and 60 rpm screw speed. The energy required for extraction ranged from 8 to 11.5 W.h depending on temperature and speed of extraction. The results indicated that using both pretreatments improve the oil yield by 5.03% for microwave and by 6.75% for ultrasonic. Finally, the results concluded that to produce 1 kg of biodiesel you need 1.1 kg raw oil and consume from 2052.5 W.h energy requirement.
Policy makers believe money motivates more than it does
Authors: Jilke Sebastian , Keppeler Florian , Ternovski John , Vogel Dominik , Yoeli Erez
Published: January 2024

To motivate contributions to public goods, should policy makers employ financial incentives like taxes, fines, subsidies, and rewards? While these are widely considered as the classic policy approach, a substantial academic literature suggests the impact of financial incentives is not always positive; they can sometimes fail or even backfire. To test whether policy makers are overly bullish about financial incentives, we asked county heads, mayors, and municipal government representatives of medium-to-large towns in Germany to predict the effects of a financial incentive on COVID-19 vaccination, and tested the exact same incentive in a field experiment involving all 41,548 inhabitants (clustered in 10,032 addresses) of the German town of Ravensburg. Whereas policy makers overwhelmingly predict that the financial incentive will increase vaccination—by 15.3 percentage points on average—the same financial incentive yielded a precisely estimated null effect on vaccination. We discuss when financial incentives are most likely to fail, and conclude that it is critical to educate policy makers on the potential pitfalls of employing financial incentives to promote contributions to public goods.
Enhancing foveal avascular zone analysis for Alzheimer’s diagnosis with AI segmentation and machine learning using multiple radiomic features
Authors: Yoon Je Moon , Lim Chae Yeon , Noh Hoon , Nam Seung Wan , Jun Sung Yeon , Kim Min Ji , Song Mi Yeon , Jang Hyemin , Kim Hee Jin , Seo Sang Won , Na Duk L. , Chung Myung Jin , Ham Don-Il , Kim Kyungsu
Published: January 2024

We propose a hybrid technique that employs artificial intelligence (AI)-based segmentation and machine learning classification using multiple features extracted from the foveal avascular zone (FAZ)—a retinal biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease—to improve the disease diagnostic performance. Imaging data of optical coherence tomography angiography from 37 patients with Alzheimer’s disease and 48 healthy controls were investigated. The presence or absence of brain amyloids was confirmed using amyloid positron emission tomography. In the superficial capillary plexus of the angiography scans, the FAZ was automatically segmented using an AI method to extract multiple biomarkers (area, solidity, compactness, roundness, and eccentricity), which were paired with clinical data (age and sex) as common correction variables. We used a light-gradient boosting machine (a light-gradient boosting machine is a machine learning algorithm based on trees utilizing gradient boosting) to diagnose Alzheimer’s disease by integrating the corresponding multiple radiomic biomarkers. Fivefold cross-validation was applied for analysis, and the diagnostic performance for Alzheimer’s disease was determined by the area under the curve. The proposed hybrid technique achieved an area under the curve of $$72.2\pm 4.2$$

72.2
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%, outperforming the existing single-feature (area) criteria by over 13%. Furthermore, in the holdout test set, the proposed technique exhibited a 14% improvement compared to single features, achieving an area under the curve of 72.0± 4.8%. Based on these facts, we have demonstrated the effectiveness of our technology in achieving significant performance improvements in FAZ-based Alzheimer’s diagnosis research through the use of multiple radiomic biomarkers (area, solidity, compactness, roundness, and eccentricity).
Wear analysis of slideway in emulsion pumps based on finite element method
Authors: Wang Dalong , Li Ran , Liu Hao , Ye Jian
Published: January 2024

Wear is a common issue in the operation of emulsion pumps. When it becomes severe, it can lead to machine downtime and economic losses. This paper aims to investigate the wear phenomenon on the slideway of emulsion pumps using Archard’s wear model and the finite element method. The fretting friction and wear experiment was used to calibrate the parameters of the numerical model. Based on the established numerical model, a parametric analysis is conducted on the slideway experiencing the most severe wear. It is observed that the wear amount initially increases and then decreases as the crankshaft speed increases. Furthermore, a smaller clearance between the slide and the slider results in a reduced wear amount on the slideway. This study presents an effective numerical simulation method for studying the wear of emulsion pumps.
The influence of hydrocarbon generation on the sealing capability of mudstone caprock rich in organic matter
Authors: Yang Wei , Bai Yadong , Sun Xiujian , Wang Jiangong , Long Guohui , Li Hongzhe , Zuo Mingtao , Li Haipeng
Published: January 2024

To investigate the sealing capability of mudstone caprock during the evolution of organic matter (OM)-rich mudstone, a series of hydrous pyrolysis experiments were first conducted to examine the impact of hydrocarbon generation. The pore type, pore structure, porosity, and gas breakthrough pressure of pyrolytic residual samples were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, low pressure nitrogen adsorption measurements, porosimetry, and gas breakout core experiments. To model the environment at different depths, these six experiments on hydrous pyrolysis were performed at different temperatures, lithostatic pressures, and hydrodynamic pressures, while other experimental factors such as the original sample, heating time, and rate were kept constant. The results showed that during the thermal evolution process, hydrocarbons were generated from OM in mudstone, resulting in the formation of pores within the OM. Organic acids produced by hydrocarbon generation effectively dissolved minerals, leading to the creation of numerous dissolution pores. Changes in pore type led to changes in pore structure and porosity. The volume of micropores and macropores showed an increasing trend before reaching a Ro value of 1.41%. However, after passing this threshold, they began to decrease. The volume of mesopores showed a decreasing trend before reaching a Ro value of 1.32%. After 1.32%, they began to increase. The porosity was mainly affected by the pore volumes of the mesopores and macropores. The porosity exhibited two peaks: the first occurred at a Ro value of 0.72%, with a porosity level of 4.6%. The second occurred at a Ro value of 1.41% and a porosity level of 10.3%. The breakthrough pressure was a comprehensive reflection of these influences, and its trend exhibited a negative correlation with porosity (R2 = 0.886). For two high values of porosity, the breakthrough pressure corresponded to two low values. Smaller values of the breakthrough pressure indicated a poorer sealing capability of the mudstone caprock. Overall, hydrocarbon generation in the mudstone affected the sealing capability. The mudstone in the studied area exhibited good sealing at Ro below 1.32%. However, once above the 1.32% threshold, the fluctuations of the breakthrough pressure values exhibited considerable variability, requiring a comprehensive evaluation to assess its sealing capability.
Foliar application of pyroligneous acid acts synergistically with fertilizer to improve the productivity and phytochemical properties of greenhouse-grown tomato
Authors: Ofoe Raphael , Mousavi Seyed Mohammad Nasir , Thomas Raymond H. , Abbey Lord
Published: January 2024

Pyroligneous acid (PA) is rich in bioactive compounds and known to have the potential to improve crop productivity and phytochemical content. However, the synergistic effect of PA and fertilizer has not been thoroughly studied. In this study, we assessed the biostimulatory effect of different rates of foliar PA application (i.e., 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2% PA/ddH2O (v/v)) combined with full rate (i.e., 0.63, 0.28, 1.03 g) and half rate of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) fertilizer on the yield and nutritional quality of greenhouse-grown tomato (Solanum lycopersicum ‘Scotia’). Plants treated with 0.25% and 0.5% PA showed a significantly (p < 0.001) higher maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and increased potential photosynthetic capacity (Fv/Fo), especially when combined with the full NPK rate. Leaf chlorophyll was significantly (p < 0.001) increased by approximately 0.60 and 0.49 folds in plants treated with 2% PA and full NPK rate compared to no spray and water, respectively. Total number of fruits was significantly (p < 0.001) increased by approximately 0.56 folds with the 2% PA irrespective of the NPK rate. The combined 2% PA and full NPK rate enhanced total fruit weight and the number of marketable fruits. Similarly, fruit protein, sugar and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity were significantly (p < 0.001) enhanced by the combined 2% PA and full NPK rate. In contrast, the 0.5% PA combined with half NPK rate increased fruit carotenoid and phenolic contents while the 2% PA plus half NPK rate enhanced fruit flavonoid content. Generally, the synergistic effect of PA and NPK fertilizer increased fruit elemental composition. These showed that foliar application of 2% PA with full NPK rate is the best treatment combination that can be adopted as a novel strategy to increase the productivity and quality of tomato fruits. However, further study is required to investigate the molecular basis of PA biostimulatory effect on plants.
Exploring the diversity of uncommon oral yeast species and associated risk factors among substance abusers in southwestern Iran
Authors: Ghojoghi Aynaz , Khodavaisy Sadegh , Mahmoudabadi Ali Zarei , Nazar Eisa , Fatahinia Mahnaz
Published: January 2024

Yeast species are a group of coexistent microorganisms in the oral cavity that can cause opportunistic infections in vulnerable individuals, including addicts. This study aimed to identify the yeast species profile responsible for oral yeast colonization (OYC) and the associated risk factors in patients with substance use disorder (SUD) in Ahvaz, Iran. Oral samples were collected from drug users hospitalized in 12 addiction treatment centers, and the related clinical information was mined. Oral yeast species were identified using 21-plex PCR and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2). A total of 244 yeast strains were identified from 245 individuals with substance abuse.Candida albicanswas the most common species (37.7%) and non-albicans Candidawas responsible for 57.7% of OYC, primarilyC. dubliniensis(33.2%) andC. glabrata(11.9%). Moreover, uncommon oral yeasts constituted 5.3% of species, includingSaccharomyces cerevisiae,Clavispora lusitaniae,Pichia kluyveri,Geotrichum candidum,Magnusiomyces capitatus,Hanseniospora opuntiae,Wickerhamomyces subpelliculosus,Trichosporon asahii,andAureobasidium pullulans. Importantly, OYC exhibited associations with such factors as duration of drug use, daily drug consumption rate, opioid utilization, oral drug administration, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) score. The present study is the pioneering investigation revealing the prevalence and diversity of oral yeast species, along with associated risk factors, in individuals with SUD in southwestern Iran. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of developing efficient and cost-effective diagnostic methods tailored for resource-constrained settings.
Assessing the therapeutic potential and safety of traditional anti-obesity herbal blends in Palestine
Authors: Hawash Mohammed , Jaradat Nidal , Salhi Nihal Ayman , Shatreet Beesan , Asbah Areej Abu , Hawash Yousra Hijazi
Published: January 2024

The use of traditional herbal remedies has been a common practice for centuries across different cultures to treat various ailments. In Palestine, traditional herbal medicines are widely used, but their efficacy and safety have not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the biological activity and toxicity of two traditional herbal blends often used to treat obesity in the West Bank region of Palestine. Two herbal blends with a total of eight plants were chosen based on their historic use and availability. The plant aqueous extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant, anti-fibrotic, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and cytotoxic activities. The results showed that these blends have potent antifibrotic, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. While their activities on α-amylase and lipase enzymes (main targets) showed moderate activities. Therefore, our results showed that Herbal Blend 2 was more potent than Herbal Blend 1 on all investigated targets. Herbal Blend 2 showed significant activities as an antioxidant, antifibrotic, and anticancer activities with IC50 values of 68.16 ± 2.45, 33.97 ± 1.14, and 52.53 ± 0.78 µg/mL against DPPH, LX-2, and MCF-7 cell lines, respectively. While it is IC50 values on α-amylase and lipase enzymes were 243.73 ± 1.57 and 1358.39 ± 2.04 µg/mL, respectively. However, the use of anti-cancer plants can be challenging due to their cytotoxic effects on the body. We urge individuals to exercise caution when using natural remedies and to seek medical advice before incorporating them into their health regimens. This study provides valuable insight into the potential health benefits of traditional herbal remedies and emphasizes the importance of responsible usage.
Eugenol alleviates acrylamide-induced rat testicular toxicity by modulating AMPK/p-AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and blood–testis barrier remodeling
Authors: Saleh Dalia O. , Baraka Sara M. , Jaleel Gehad A. Abdel , Hassan Azza , Ahmed-Farid Omar A.
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effects of eugenol treatment on reproductive parameters in acrylamide (ACR)-intoxicated rats. The study evaluated alterations in relative testes and epididymides weights, sperm quality, serum hormonal status, seminal plasma amino acids, testicular cell energy and phospholipids content, oxidative and nitrosative stress parameters, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/ phosphoinositide 3-kinase/phosphor-protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK/PI3K/p-AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway, blood–testis barrier (BTB) remodeling markers, testicular autophagy and apoptotic markers, as well as histopathological alterations in testicular tissues. The results revealed that eugenol treatment demonstrated a significant improvement in sperm quality parameters, with increased sperm cell concentration, progressive motility live sperm, and a reduction in abnormal sperm, compared to the ACR-intoxicated group. Furthermore, eugenol administration increased the levels of seminal plasma amino acids in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, eugenol treatment dose-dependently improved testicular oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers by increasing oxidized and reduced glutathione levels and reducing malondialdehyde and nitric oxide contents as compared to ACRgroup. However, eugenol treatment at a high dose restored the expression of AMPK, PI3K, and mTOR genes, to levels comparable to the control group, while significantly increasing p-AKT content compared to the ACRgroup. In conclusion, the obtained findings suggest the potential of eugenol as a therapeutic agent in mitigating ACR-induced detrimental effects on the male reproductive system via amelioration of ROS-mediated autophagy, apoptosis, AMPK/p-AKT/mTOR signaling pathways and BTB remodeling.
The mediating effect of hope agency on perceived stress and professional burnout among Polish corporate employees
Authors: Szcześniak Małgorzata , Falewicz Adam , Wnuk Marcin , Bielecka Grażyna , Madej Daria
Published: January 2024

Job burnout is considered an outcome of prolonged exposure of employees to stress. Although many studies have focused on the presence of a direct association between stress and burnout, we still know very little about mediators that indirectly play a role in this relationship. Previous analyses have determined that self-efficacy acts as a mechanism that explains the overall relationship between stress and burnout. However, there is no such evidence to support the mediatory function of hope. Therefore, the main aim of the current study was to verify whether self-efficacy, hope pathways, and hope agency are mediators in this relationship. The study included 408 Polish-speaking adults who completed the Perceived Stress Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Dispositional Hope Scale. The outcomes indicated a positive correlation of stress with the overall burnout score, as well as all subscales. Moreover, hope agency was a mediator, thus suggesting that there is also an indirect relationship between stress and job burnout. Therefore, it can be assumed that higher stress is associated with lower motivation to generate and sustain the actions needed to reach the goals. Consequently, lower hope agency may lead stressed employees to greater exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment.
Choroidal remodeling following different anti-VEGF therapies in neovascular AMD
Authors: Boscia Giacomo , Pozharitskiy Nikolai , Grassi Maria Oliva , Borrelli Enrico , D’Addario Marina , Alessio Giovanni , Boscia Francesco , Viggiano Pasquale
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate choroidal morphology remodeling in AMD-associated type 1 macular neovascularization using two different anti-VEGF drugs. We registered 73 treatment-naïve eyes with a diagnosis of exudative AMD and type 1 MNV. Patients received 3 monthly intravitreal aflibercept (n = 36, aflibercept group [AG]) or brolucizumab (n = 37, brolucizumab group [BG]). Baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and anatomical (structural optical coherence tomography) parameters were collected at “T1 control”, before the loading phase (LP) of intravitreal injection, and at “T2 control”, 1 month after the last injection. The main outcomes measured were choroidal vascularity index (CVI), sub-foveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and central macular thickness (CMT). Our results displayed significant SFCT reduction in both groups between T1 and T2 (p < 0.05), We did not find choroidal vascularity modifications (p > 0.05) after the loading aflibercept injections. Moreover, only the BG displayed a significant choroidal remodeling (stromal choroidal area [SCA], total choroidal area [TCA] and CVI) at T2 (p < 0.05). In particular, a relevant stromal and total choroidal volume reduction was noted, accompanied by an increase in CVI. To conclude, the latter modifications of the choroidal morphology were found significant between two groups (p < 0.05). Our analysis showed a significant impact of brolucizumab on choroidal morphology in eyes affected by type 1 nAMD. This effect was found relevant when compared with aflibercept.
Initial stroke severity and discharge outcome in patients with muscle mass deficit
Authors: Han Minho , Lim In Hwan , Hong Soon-Ho , Nam Hyo Suk , Heo Ji Hoe , Kim Young Dae
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to investigate the association between muscle mass deficit and the initial severity of ischemic stroke. The impact of muscle mass deficit on the discharge outcome was also evaluated. This retrospective study included 660 patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent bioelectrical impedance analyses. We compared the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, occurrence of moderate stroke (NIHSSS ≥ 5) at admission, and unfavorable functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score ≥ 2) at discharge between patients with and without muscle mass deficit using Poisson and logistic regression analyses. The mean age of the study patients was 65.6 ± 13.0, and 63.3% were males. Muscle mass deficit was present in 24.4% of patients. Muscle mass deficit was significantly and independently associated with NIHSS score or moderate stroke (all p < 0.05). This association was noted regardless of patient characteristics. Among the respective NIHSS items, muscle mass deficit was significantly associated with facial palsy, motor function of the arm or leg, limb ataxia, and dysarthria. Muscle mass deficit also led to unfavorable functional outcome, which was mediated by the initial NIHSS score. In conclusion, muscle mass deficit is associated with higher NIHSS score and unfavorable functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Evaluation of lymphotoxin-alpha in pterygium and diagnostic value in active and inactive pterygium states
Authors: Lan Guoli , Fang Xie , Zhong Yanlin , Luo Shunrong , Xiao Xianwen , Xie Zhiwen , Luo Lianghuan , Zhang Yiqiu , Li Hanqiao , Lin Yuan , Wu Huping
Published: January 2024

To explore the correlation between tear LT-a, pterygium status, and dry eye indicators. We established a diagnostic model to evaluate active pterygium. A retrospective study was conducted between June 2021 and June 2023 on 172 patients, comprising 108 men and 64 women. The study analyzed LT-a and various ocular parameters in all participants. The data was collected using Excel software and analyzed using SPSS 25.0 statistical software and Medcalc. We made a nomogram diagnostic model to different diagnosed the state of pterygium. This study found that pterygium has progressive eye surface damage during the active state. There was no significant difference in dry eye indicators between the two groups. However, the concentration of LT-a in the active group was significantly lower than that in the inactive group (P < 0.001). We observed that increased pterygium grade corresponded to a worse ocular surface condition. In addition, LT-a was significantly positively correlated with disease duration, but negatively correlated with age, pterygium size, active pterygium state, and LLT value. The optimal intercept value for evaluating active pterygium in Lt-a was ≤ 0.49 dg/ml. We screened three variables for evaluating active pterygium through Single and Multiple regression analysis: LT-a grading, pterygium size, and congestion score. Finally, we made a reliable diagnostic nomogram model. Pterygium development triggers immune inflammation. Our model based on LT-a identifies active pterygium for personalized treatment options and new research directions.
Network pharmacology combined with experimental verification to explore the potential mechanism of naringenin in the treatment of cervical cancer
Authors: Zhou Ji , Li Haoying , Wu Ben , Zhu Lemei , Huang Qiao , Guo Zhenyu , He Qizhi , Wang Lin , Peng Xiaozhen , Guo Tianyao
Published: January 2024

Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. Traditional treatment methods have become limited. Naringenin, a flavonoid abundant in various fruits and herbal medicines, has demonstrated anti-tumor properties among other effects. This research undertook to elucidate the mechanism of naringenin in the context of cervical cancer treatment by leveraging network pharmacology and performing experimental validation. Initial steps involved predicting potential naringenin targets and subsequently screening for overlaps between these targets and those related to cervical cancer, followed by analysis of their interrelationships. Molecular docking was subsequently utilized to verify the binding effect of the central target. Within the framework of network pharmacology, it was discovered that naringenin might possess anti-cancer properties specific to cervical cancer. Following this, the anti-tumor effects of naringenin on Hela cell viability, migration, and invasion were assessed employing CCK-8, transwell, wound healing assays, and western blotting. Experimental data indicated that naringenin attenuates the migration and invasion of Hela cells via downregulation EGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Thus, our findings suggest that naringenin has therapeutic impacts on cervical cancer via multiple mechanisms, primarily by inhibiting the migration and invasion through the EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. This study offers fresh insights for future clinical studies.
Application of Y–Z deformable magnetic ring for recanalization of transanal single-access rectal stricture
Authors: Zhang Miaomiao , Zhuang Yingying , Mao Jianqi , Gong Mingyan , Zhang Yuhan , Shi Aihua , Lyu Yi , Yan Xiaopeng
Published: January 2024

Magnetic compression anastomosis has been reported to have remarkable clinical outcomes. Here, we tested the applicability of a Y–Z deformable magnetic ring (DMR) for non-surgical manipulation of rectal stenosis (RS) in a beagle dog model under a transanal single-access condition. RS was modeled in 8 beagle dogs using partial ligation with silk thread. Under X-ray guidance, the Y–Z DMR was positioned at the proximal and distal ends of the RS, and the magnetic ring was bent into an “O” shape, such that the two rings were magnetically attracted. Operation time, complications during or after operation, and discharge time of the magnetic rings were recorded. The anastomosis bursting pressure was measured two weeks after removing the rings, and its formation was assessed through gross and histological examination. Partial ligation with a silk thread successfully established the canine RS model. After Y–Z DMR installation, the magnetic ring was successfully reconfigured from an “S” to an “O” shape. Strong attraction existed between the rings. The operation time was 9–15 min (average: 11.75 ± 1.98 min). No rectal bleeding or perforation occurred during or after operation. The ring was naturally expelled 7–10 days after surgery. A pressure of > 300 mmHg was recorded at the point of anastomosis rupture. The rectal anastomosis appeared to have healed properly on the surface, which was confirmed histologically, signifying the success of this procedure. A Y–Z DMR facilitated the successful recanalization of transanal single-channel RS without needing surgery in an animal model.
Implementation of micelle-enabled C(sp2)–C(sp3) cross-electrophile coupling in pharmaceutical synthesis
Authors: Wu Bin , Ye Ning , Zhao Kangming , Shi Min , Liao Jiayu , Zhang Jing , Chen Wei , Li Xianzhong , Han Yufeng , Cortes-Clerget Margery , Regnier Morgan Louis , Parmentier Michael , Mathes Christian , Rampf Florian , Gallou Fabrice
Published: January 2024

A sustainable C(sp2)–C(sp3) cross-electrophile coupling was developed between readily available 5-bromophthalide and 1-benzyl-4-iodopiperidine under micellar conditions, leading to a key intermediate of one of our development compounds.
Boosting the photo-switchability of double-responsive water-soluble polymers by incorporating arylazopyrazole dyes
Authors: Steinbrecher René , Zhang Peiran , Papadakis Christine M. , Müller-Buschbaum Peter , Taubert Andreas , Laschewsky André
Published: January 2024

The incorporation of an arylazopyrazole (AAP) dye into water-soluble poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) polymers enables an outstandingly large photo-modulation of the coil-to-globule LCST-type phase transition temperature.
Tunable emission and thermal sensitivity via energy transfer from Bi3+ to Eu3+ in BaY2Al2Ga2GeO12
Authors: Jin Ye , Lin Huayan , Chen Hongtao , Fang Fei , Li Yuyan , Xiong Yanbin , Ma Li , Wang Xiao-Jun
Published: January 2024

Eu3+ occupies the central lattice of the octahedron with inverted symmetry in BYAGGO:Eu3+, while Eu3+ expands to the asymmetric dodecahedron center in BYAGGO:Eu3+, Bi3+. There is also efficient transfer from Bi3+ to Eu3+ in BYAGGO:Eu3+, Bi3+.
On the application of Marcus–Hush theory to small polaron chemical dynamics in oxides: its relationship to the Holstein model and the importance of lattice–orbital symmetries
Authors: Wang Zi , Miglani Bobby , Yuan Shuaishuai , Bevan Kirk H.
Published: January 2024

The chemical dynamics of small polaron hopping within oxides is often interpreted through two-site variations on Marcus–Hush theory, while from a physics perspective small polaron hopping is more often approached from Holstein's solid-state formalism.
Exceptional thermoelectric performance in AB2Sb2-type Zintl phases through band shaping
Authors: Lei Jingdan , Wuliji Hexige , Ren Qingyong , Hao Xiaowen , Dong Hongliang , Chen Heyang , Wei Tian-Ran , Zhang Jiawei , Qiu Pengfei , Zhao Kunpeng , Shi Xun
Published: January 2024

We obtained exceptional power factors and zT values in p-type Mg3Sb2-based materials by alloying Zn at the Mg2 sites for double band degeneracy and alloying Yb at the Mg1 sites of Mg3Sb2 for decreased band effective mass.
Improved chemical recyclability of 2,5-furandicarboxylate polyesters enabled by acid-sensitive spirocyclic ketal units
Authors: Valsange Nitin G. , Warlin Niklas , Mankar Smita V. , Rehnberg Nicola , Zhang Baozhong , Jannasch Patric
Published: January 2024

Spirocyclic ketal units introduced into the structure of 2,5-furandicarboxylate polyesters promote an efficient fragmentation of polymers into the small oligomers, which significantly facilitates chemical recyclability.
Multi-lineage heart-chip models drug cardiotoxicity and enhances maturation of human stem cell-derived cardiovascular cells
Authors: Mozneb Maedeh , Jenkins Amelia , Sances Samuel , Pohlman Stephany , Workman Michael J. , West Dylan , Ondatje Briana , El-Ghazawi Kareem , Woodbury Amanda , Garcia Veronica J. , Patel Shachi , Arzt Madelyn , Dezem Felipe , Laperle Alex H. , Moser V. Alexandra , Ho Ritchie , Yucer Nur , Plummer Jasmine , Barrett Robert J. , Svendsen Clive N. , Sharma Arun
Published: January 2024

Cardiovascular toxicity causes adverse drug reactions and may lead to drug removal from the pharmaceutical market. We have developed a cardiac organ-chip using pluripotent stem cells to enhance cell maturity and model drug cardiotoxicity.
Acid–base equilibrium in non-aqueous medium: colorimetric visualization, estimation of acidity constants and construction of molecular logic gates
Authors: Mahato Manas , Maiti Arpita , Ahamed Sabbir , Rajbanshi Madan , Lama Shubham , Das Sudhir Kumar
Published: January 2024

An imine linkage acidochromic probe has been introduced to detect trace amounts of acid–base and determine the pKa values in a non-aqueous medium by the overlapping indicator method.
A mesoporous Mo and N Co-doped TiO2nanocomposite with enhanced photocatalytic efficiency
Authors: El-Sawaf Ayman K. , Nassar Amal A. , Tolan Dina A. , Ismael Mohamed , Alhindawy Islam , M. El-Desouky Ekramy , El-Nahas Ahmed , Shahien Mohammed , Maize Mai
Published: January 2024

This study reports the synthesis of a mesoporous Mo and N codoped anatase TiO2nanocomposite with many oxygen vacancies using a simple one-step hydrothermal method and subsequent calcination treatment.
Thermoelectric properties of armchair graphene nanoribbons with array characteristics
Authors: Kuo David M. T.
Published: January 2024

The thermoelectric properties of armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) with array characteristics are investigated theoretically using the tight-binding model and Green's function technique.
Electronic and magnetic properties of transition-metal-doped monolayer B2S2 within GGA + U framework
Authors: Chen Wei , Chen Qi , Zhang Jianming , Zhou Lin , Tang Wenxiao , Wang Zhiyou , Deng Jiwei , Wang Shifeng
Published: January 2024

The calculated band structures DOS and PDOS of Pd-TM doped B2S2 monolayer with 3.12% doping.
Development and implementation of chemistry mindset modules in two general chemistry courses at a hispanic-serving institution: an exploratory study
Authors: Nguyen Tung S. , Chan Julia Y. K. , Ha Jade T. K. , Umekwe-Odudu Ugo , Villafañe Sachel M.
Published: January 2024

Retention and underrepresentation of diverse ethnic groups have been and continue to be problematic in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines in the United States. One foundational course that is required for all STEM majors is general chemistry. One way to increase retention and diversity in STEM majors is by targeting students’ social-psychological beliefs about their academic success through the implementation of social-psychological interventions. These short impactful exercises aim to change students’ thoughts, feelings, and beliefs about their academic success and affective characteristics. In this exploratory study, we designed and implemented two chemistry specific growth-mindset modules (GMMs) in two first-year chemistry courses (general chemistry 1 (GC1) and general chemistry 2 (GC2)) at a Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI). Students worked on the GMMs asynchronously at two specific time points throughout the semester. Using a mixed-methods approach, we assessed students’: (i) changes in mindset beliefs, chemistry self-efficacy (CSE), and chemistry performance, (ii) perceptions towards failures and challenges, and (iii) perceptions on growth-mindset modules (GMM) after participation in GMMs. Overall, GC2 students shifted towards a growth mindset and away from a fixed mindset, with small to medium effect sizes detected. No statistically significant changes in GC1 students’ mindsets were detected throughout the study period. For both courses, students increased in CSE by the end of semester. Furthermore, GC1 students who participated in any portion of the GMM intervention achieved higher scores on the ACS exam compared to those who didn’t participate. Additionally, students’ written responses highlighted an improved attitudinal change towards failures and challenges after participating in GMMs. For both courses, over 95% of the students agreed that the GMMs were valuable, over 95% students indicated they developed more positive attitudes and perspectives towards challenges, and over 96% students believed they could learn challenging topics with effort, determination, and persistence. While these results show differences in performance, CSE, mindset scores, and attitudinal change after participation in GMMs, it is also important to acknowledge that self-selection into the study may be one of the factors for explaining such differences. Results and implications for practice are discussed.
One-pot asymmetric living copolymerization-induced chiral self-assemblies and circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Gao Run-Tan , Li Shi-Yi , Liu Bing-Hao , Chen Zheng , Liu Na , Zhou Li , Wu Zong-Quan
Published: January 2024

Well-defined block copolymers containing helical poly(acyl methane) and π-conjugated poly(phenylene ethynylene)s were facilely prepared, which self-assembly into chiral supramolecular architectures with circularly polarized luminescence.
Obstructed swelling and fracture of hydrogels
Authors: Plummer Abigail , Adkins Caroline , Louf Jean-François , Košmrlj Andrej , Datta Sujit S.
Published: January 2024

When swelling hydrogels encounter obstacles, they either expand around the obstacles or fracture, depending on obstacle geometry.
Exploring high molecular weight vinyl ester polymers made by PET-RAFT
Authors: Weerasinghe M. A. Sachini N. , De Alwis Watuthanthrige Nethmi , Konkolewicz Dominik
Published: January 2024

Polyvinyl esters are used in many applications, however, high molecular weight polyvinyl esters have many challenges, with strategies for the synthesis of these polymers being the focus of this work.
Novel pyrazoline and pyrazole “turn on” fluorescent sensors selective for Zn2+/Cd2+ at λem 480 nm and Fe3+/Fe2+ at λem 465 nm in MeCN
Authors: Ciupa Alexander
Published: January 2024

A small series of simple pyrazoline and pyrazole based sensors, all derived from the same chalcone precursors, were synthesised, characterised and screened for their fluorescence “turn on” properties in the presence of multiple metals.
A compact high‐gain slot antenna array with a bidirectional broadside radiation pattern
Authors: Hou Yuefeng , Fu Zhenshuai , Liu Meicheng
Published: January 2024

A novel bidirectional broadside slot antenna array is proposed in this letter. The outstanding merits of this antenna array lie in the minimum width and the highest gain‐to‐area ratio (G/A) compared to previous works. The ingenious combination of the radiation mode and the transmission mode of slots is adopted, eliminating the design of the feed network. Thus, a simple and compact configuration is obtained. Moreover, two metal plates are added vertically at the sides of the slot array, with a more homogeneous radiation aperture and a higher G/A. With the 3D structure, a compact volume of the antenna array is ensured. For performance evaluation, our proof‐of‐concept design is fabricated with a cuboid dimension of 1.94λ0 × 0.12λ0 × 0.12λ0, where λ0 denotes the wavelength in free space at the centre frequency. An impedance bandwidth of 2.38 to 2.49 GHz is achieved, with a maximum gain of 9.7 dBi and a higher G/A of 39.5. The advantages including compact size and high G/A are paving the path for the potential application of communications in long and narrow spaces.