bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Periprosthetic Nonunions of the Lower Extremity
Authors: Vemulapalli Krishna C. , Davis Stephen L. , Mathews Vasilios , Goytia Robin N. , Stocks Gregory W. , Dunn Warren R. , Laughlin Mitzi S. , Brinker Mark R.
Published: May 2020

Multiple studies have reported nonunion rates of 3% to 17% following peri-prosthetic fractures. Determining management strategies based on the available literature is difficult because existing studies are small and involve heterogeneous treatments and multiple surgeons. The purpose of this study was to describe a consecutive series of patients who presented to the authors' clinic with a periprosthetic nonunion of the lower extremity and to report the methods used to achieve limb salvage and the associated complications. Patients were included if they were indicated for surgery for a nonunion of a periprosthetic fracture of the lower extremity that had previously undergone either closed or open intervention. A total of 26 patients were included in this study. Average follow-up was 58 months. Average age was 69 years, and 77% of the patients were female. Twenty-three patients had periprosthetic nonunions of the femur, with 6 being associated with total hip arthroplasty, 15 with total knee arthroplasty, and 2 with both a total hip arthroplasty and a total knee arthroplasty. Three patients had a periprosthetic nonunion of the tibia associated with a total knee arthroplasty. Limb salvage was successful in 25 of 26 cases. This was achieved by either healing of the nonunion using exuberant fixation with prosthesis revision when necessary (n=20) or resection of the nonunion with placement of a tumor prosthesis (n=5). Four of the 26 patients (15%) incurred at least 1 complication during treatment. Exuberant fixation of the nonunion (with prosthesis revision when necessary) or nonunion resection with placement of a tumor prosthesis was successful in 96% of cases. [
Orthopedics
. 2020;43(4):209–214.]
Age of Marriage, Weather Shocks, and the Direction of Marriage Payments
Authors: Corno Lucia , Hildebrandt Nicole , Voena Alessandra
Published: May 2020

We study how aggregate economic conditions affect the timing of marriage, and particularly child marriage, in Sub‐Saharan Africa and in India. In both regions, substantial monetary or in‐kind transfers occur with marriage: bride price across Sub‐Saharan Africa and dowry in India. In a simple equilibrium model of the marriage market in which parents choose when their children marry, income shocks affect the age of marriage because marriage payments are a source of consumption smoothing, particularly for a woman's family. As predicted by our model, we show that droughts, which reduce annual crop yields by 10 to 15% and aggregate income by 4 to 5%, have opposite effects on the marriage behavior of a sample of 400,000 women in the two regions: in Sub‐Saharan Africa they increase the annual hazard into child marriage by 3%, while in India droughts reduce such a hazard by 4%. Changes in the age of marriage due to droughts are associated with changes in fertility, especially in Sub‐Saharan Africa, and with declines in observed marriage payments. Our results indicate that the age of marriage responds to short‐term changes in aggregate economic conditions and that marriage payments determine the sign of this response. This suggests that, in order to design successful policies to combat child marriage and improve investments in daughters' human capital, it is crucial to understand the economic role of marriage market institutions.
Inferring Cognitive Heterogeneity From Aggregate Choices
Authors: Dardanoni Valentino , Manzini Paola , Mariotti Marco , Tyson Christopher J.
Published: May 2020

Theories of bounded rationality often assume a rich dataset of choices from many overlapping menus, limiting their practical applicability. In contrast, we study the problem of identifying the distribution of cognitive characteristics in a population of agents from a minimal dataset that consists of aggregate choice shares from a single menu, and includes no observable covariates of any kind. With homogeneous preferences, we find that “consideration capacity” and “consideration probability” distributions can both be recovered effectively if the menu is sufficiently large. This remains true generically when tastes are heterogeneous with a known distribution. When the taste distribution is unknown, we show that joint choice share data from three “occasions” are generically sufficient for full identification of the cognitive distribution, and also provide substantial information about tastes.
Selection Without Exclusion
Authors: Honoré Bo E. , Hu Luojia
Published: May 2020

It is well understood that classical sample selection models are not semiparametrically identified without exclusion restrictions. Lee (2009) developed bounds for the parameters in a model that nests the semiparametric sample selection model. These bounds can be wide. In this paper, we investigate bounds that impose the full structure of a sample selection model with errors that are independent of the explanatory variables but have unknown distribution. The additional structure can significantly reduce the identified set for the parameters of interest. Specifically, we construct the identified set for the parameter vector of interest. It is a one‐dimensional line segment in the parameter space, and we demonstrate that this line segment can be short in practice. We show that the identified set is sharp when the model is correct and empty when there exist no parameter values that make the sample selection model consistent with the data. We also provide non‐sharp bounds under the assumption that the model is correct. These are easier to compute and associated with lower statistical uncertainty than the sharp bounds. Throughout the paper, we illustrate our approach by estimating a standard sample selection model for wages.
Lessons Learned From Medical Malpractice Claims Involving Critical Care Nurses
Authors: Myers Laura C. , Heard Lisa , Mort Elizabeth
Published: May 2020

Background

Medical malpractice data can be used to improve patient safety.

Objective

To describe the types of harm events involving nurses that lead to malpractice claims and to compare claims among intensive care units (ICUs), emergency departments, and operating rooms.

Methods

Malpractice claims closed between 2007 and 2016 were extracted from a national database. Claims with a nurse as the primary provider were identified and then compared by location of the harm event: ICU, emergency department, or operating room. Multivariable regression was used to determine predictors of claims payment.

Results

Of 54 699 claims, 314 involved ICU nurses as the primary provider. The majority (59%) of claims involving ICU nurses resulted in death or permanent injury. The most common allegation of claims involving ICU nurses was failure to monitor (47%), which was higher than among claims against nurses in the emergency department (9%) or the operating room (4%) (P < .001). The most common diagnosis in claims involving ICU nurses was decubitus ulcers (26%). Despite equivalent numbers of defendants per claim, the median indemnity for paid claims involving ICU nurses was higher ($125 000) than that paid for claims originating in the emergency department ($56 799) or operating room ($43 910) (P < .001). In multivariable regression, 2 variables increased the risk of claim payment: ICU location (odds ratio, 1.79 [95% CI, 1.29-2.48]) and permanent injury (odds ratio, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.07-2.09]).

Conclusions

Malpractice claims involving ICU nurses were distinct from claims in comparably fast-paced settings. Focusing harm-prevention efforts in the ICU on skin integrity and monitoring of patients would most likely mitigate many highly severe harms involving ICU nurses, which would benefit both patients and nurses.
COVID-19 and clinical mimics. Correct diagnosis is the key to appropriate therapy
Authors: Sahu Kamal Kant , Mishra Ajay Kumar , Martin Kevin , Chastain Iryana
Published: May 2020

As of 29 April 2020, across the globe, there are 3,216,353 confirmed Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19 disease) with 227,894 deaths. The health care infrastructure of most of the countries is overwhelmed due to the gigantic upsurge of the new cases within a short time period. Most of the beds in the regular wards and critical care units are currently occupied by either people under investigation (PUI) or COVID-19 confirmed cases. We hereby discuss the challenges faced while approaching any case of shortness of breath, or other common upper respiratory symptoms during the current COVID-19 pandemic era.
Multimodal Deep Learning based Framework for Detecting Depression and Suicidal Behaviour by Affective Analysis of Social Media Posts
Authors: Malhotra Anshu , Jindal Rajni
Published: May 2020

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Currently, no social media platform has deployed a real time system which can analyse users’ state of mind based on day to day posts on continual basis and detect the onset of depression, suicidal or self harming behaviour etc. Platforms majorly rely on manual reporting of suicidal and self harming behavior. In this paper, we propose a real time, deep learning based system for aﬀective analysis of a user’s online social media posts of multimodal nature, with the objective of detecting onset of depression and suicidal or self harming behaviour; as depression often drives people to commit suicide or harm themselves physically.METHODS: Joint representations are obtained by fusing the individual vector representations of multiple modalities from user’s social media feed: text, image and videos. These vector representations are in turn obtained through state of the art approaches for each modality e.g. VGG-16 for feature extraction from images, word2vec for text and Faster R-CNN on video frames. These joint representations are used to obtain weighted average score which can be used for making the ﬁnal classiﬁcation using the Softmax prediction layer.SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT: To the best of our knowledge, this is the ﬁrst research where the use of deep learning techniques has been proposed for real time detection of onset of depression and suicidal behaviour by analysing multimodal user generated content.
Conceptual framework of Digital Health Public Emergency System: digital twins and multiparadigm simulation
Authors: Rodríguez-Aguilar Román , Marmolejo-Saucedo Jose-Antonio
Published: May 2020

INTRODUCTION: Two major technological paradigms have been developed in recent years, digital twins and the multiparadigm simulation. In the Health Sector, the enormous potential of both approaches for the management of public health emergencies is envisioned.OBJECTIVES: This study aims to develop the conceptual framework for the development of a Digital Public Health Emergency System.METHODS: The integration of the digital twins in health with the multi-paradigm simulation for the design of a digital system of public health emergencies is proposed.RESULTS: The proposal establishes the conceptual framework for the integration of a digital public health emergency system, incorporating multi-paradigm simulation in the construction of a digital twin.CONCLUSION: The use of cutting-edge technologies for public health emergencies will allow for a better response to contingencies as well as optimally managing the resources available in a health system.
Effect of Subacute Intoxication with Nitrite on AMP-Deaminase Activity in Skeletal Muscles of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Saberifar Sedigheh , Shahriari Ali , Peyghan Rahim
Published: May 2020

This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of intoxication of common carp with nitrite on some properties of Adenosine 5´-monophosphate (AMP) deaminase in the skeletal muscle. LC50 value was determined to be 512 mg/L. After estimating the LC50, fish were exposed to 153 mg/L (30% LC50) and sampling was done at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after exposure. Cytosolic AMP deaminase was purified from the skeletal muscle of the control and experimental groups. AMP-deaminase showed Hill kinetics with an S0.5 value for AMP of 2.52±0.031 and 1.45±0.07 mM, a Hill coefficient (nH) of 1.35±0.051 and 1.79±0.60, and a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 133.39±28 and 98.9±38 IU/mg protein for the control and experimental groups, respectively after 96 h. The optimum pH was reduced during nitrite intoxication. The maximal activation of the enzyme was at 45ºC. Also, activation energy declined in the experimental groups. Fenton reaction showed that the enzyme was tolerant to free radicals. According to the results, AMP deaminase activity in the common carp’s muscles increased following nitrite intoxication. Also, acidic condition increased AMP deaminase activity that could be an adaptive response to hypoxic condition caused by nitrite intoxication.
Malware Analysis Using Volatility
Authors: Khan Mossaraf
Published: May 2020

Volatile Data of a computer is a temporary and they are created when a computer system is running aka in operational condition. They are removed immediately when the system powered off. It is stored on the Random Access Memory (RAM) and other temporary storage units such as Registars of the Computer and not in the main storage partitions of Hard Drives. It could be emails related information, chats or browser history, running processes related information, unsaved data, clipboard contents etc. The analysis of volatile memory for extracting forensic artifacts is called Memory Forensic. Volatile Memory contains the most valuable information about running programs and instructions including running system processes, kernel drivers, loaded modules, executed commands, executable paths, active Network Connections, etc.
Women in Legislative Committees in Arab Parliaments
Authors: Shalaby Marwa M. , Elimam Laila
Published: May 2020

Extant studies have predominantly focused on women's numerical presence in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)'s legislatures, yet, research examining the role played by female politicians continues to be limited. To bridge this gap, we study one of the most important, albeit overlooked,
bodies within these assemblies: legislative committees. Using an original dataset on committee memberships (n=4580), our data show that females are significantly marginalized from influential committees and tend to be sidelined to social issues and women's committees. To explain this, we develop
a theory of provisional gender stereotyping. We argue that the duration of quota implementation shapes women's access to influential committees. We focus on two mechanisms to support our argument: a redistribution of power dynamics within legislative bodies and women's political expertise.
Decennial time trends and diurnal patterns of particle number concentrations in a Central European city between 2008 and 2018
Authors: Mikkonen Santtu , Németh Zoltán , Varga Veronika , Weidinger Tamás , Leinonen Ville , Yli-Juuti Taina , Salma Imre
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Multiple atmospheric properties were measured semi-continuously in the Budapest platform for Aerosol Research and Training Laboratory for a time interval of 2008–2018. Dataset of 6 full measurement years during a decennial time interval were subjected to statistical time trend analyses by an advanced dynamic linear model and a generalized linear mixed model. The main interest in the analysed data set was on particle number concentrations in the diameter ranges from 6 to 1000 nm (N6–1000), from 6 to 100 nm (N6–100, ultrafine particles), from 25 to 100 nm (N25–100) and from 100 to 1000 nm (N100–1000). These data were supported by concentrations of SO2, CO, NO, NOx, O3, PM10 mass, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, global solar radiation, condensation sink, gas-phase H2SO4 proxy, classes of new aerosol particle formation (NPF) and growth events and meteorological macro-circulation patterns. The trend of the particle number concentrations derived as a change in the statistical properties of background state of the data set decreased in all size fractions over the years. Most particle number concentrations showed decreasing decennial statistical trends. The estimated annual mean decline of N6–1000 was (4–5) % during the 10-year measurement interval, which corresponds to a mean absolute change of −590 cm−3 in a year. This was interpreted as a consequence of the decreased anthropogenic emissions mainly from road traffic. Similar trends were not observed for the air pollutant gases. Diurnal statistical patterns of particle number concentrations showed tendentious variations, which were associated with typical diurnal activity–time pattern of inhabitants in cities, particularly of vehicular road traffic. The trend patterns for NPF event days contained a huge peak from late morning to late afternoon, which is unambiguously caused by NPF and growth processes. These peaks were rather similar to each other in the position, shape and area on workdays and holidays, which implies that the dynamic and timing properties of NPF events are not substantially influenced by anthropogenic activities in central Budapest. Diurnal pattern for N25–100 exhibited the largest relative changes, which were related to particle emissions from high-temperature sources. The diurnal pattern for N100–1000 – which represents chemically and physically aged particles of larger spatial scale – were different from the diurnal patterns for the other size fractions.
The nonconservative distribution pattern of organic matter in the Rajang, a tropical river with peatland in its estuary
Authors: Zhu Zhuo-Yi , Oakes Joanne , Eyre Bradley , Hao Youyou , Sia Edwin Sien Aun , Jiang Shan , Müller Moritz , Zhang Jing
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Southeast Asian peatland-draining rivers have attracted much attention due
to their high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) yield and high CO2
emissions under anthropogenic influences. In August 2016, we carried out a
field investigation of the Rajang River and its estuary, a tropical system
located in Sarawak, Malaysia. The Rajang has peatland in its estuary, while
the river basin is covered by tropical rainforest. DOC-δ13C in
the Rajang ranged from −28.7 ‰ to
−20.1 ‰, with a U-shaped trend from river to estuary.
For particulate organic carbon (POC), δ13C ranged between
−29.4 ‰ and −31.1 ‰ in the river, and
there was a clear increasing trend towards more enriched δ13C
values with higher salinity. In the estuary, there was a linear conservative
dilution pattern for dissolved organic matter composition (as quantified by
D- and L-amino acid enantiomers) plotted against DOC-δ13C, whereas
when plotted against salinity, dissolved D- and L-amino acid enantiomer values
were higher than the theoretical dilution value. Together, these data
indicate that the addition of DOC to the estuary (by peatland) not only
increased the DOC concentration but also altered its composition, by adding
more biodegraded, 13C-depleted organic matter into the bulk dissolved
organic matter. Alteration of organic matter composition (addition of a more
degraded subpart) was also apparent for the particulate phase, but patterns
were less clear. The Rajang was characterized by DOC to DON (dissolved
organic nitrogen) ratios of 50 in the river section, with loss of DON in the
estuary increasing the ratio to 140, suggesting an unbalanced export of organic
carbon and nitrogen. Where affected by anthropogenic activities, further assessment of
organic carbon to nitrogen ratios is needed.
No aftershocks, fluid-driven aftershocks, and Omori’s Law
Authors: Miller Stephen A.
Published: May 2020

Aftershock sequences follow three empirical laws; Gutenberg Richter, Omori, and Bath. Unless they don't. This raises the question as to why most earthquakes follow empirical laws, while other earthquakes generate few, if any, aftershocks. For example, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake in Mexico in 2017 and a magnitude 8 earthquake in Peru in 2019 generated no aftershocks, while a magnitude 7.1 earthquake in 2019 in California and a magnitude 6.4 earthquake in 2020 in Puerto Rico generated thousands of aftershocks. In this work, I show from numerical modelling and comparisons with data that the differing behaviours rests with the presence of high-pressure fluids at depth. Using a simple model of non-linear diffusion, I compare model results with well-located aftershocks from four Southern California earthquakes and show strong spatial correlation between measured hypocenters and calculated fluid pressure emanating from a high-pressure source. I also show that Omori's Law arises from permeability dynamics. That is, permeability: 1) is effective-stress dependent, 2) undergoes a co-seismic step-like increase, and 3) exponentially heals through either precipitation processes or tectonic re-compaction. I find excellent temporal correlation (Omori's Law) between the number of measured and modelled earthquakes from the strike-slip earthquakes of Joshua Tree and Landers (1992), the strike-slip Hector Mine earthquake (1999), and the thrust Northridge earthquake (1994). Finally, I demonstrate that the fit to the Omori-Utsu Law depends only on the rate of permeability recovery, and argue that all rich aftershock sequences are fluid-driven, while fluid-absent geodynamic settings produce few, if any, aftershocks. 
The Impact of Human Capital and Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth: An Empirical Study on Jordan
Authors: Alalawneh Mustafa Mohammad
Published: May 2020

Human capital is a real factor in improving the investment climate and attracting foreign investment. FDI also increases human capital in the host country through the transfer of advanced technology and the rehabilitation of local labor. The importance of the study comes from Jordan's serious endeavor to attract foreign direct investment and to present itself as a rich country in human and qualified capacities. This study examines the effect of human capital and foreign direct investment on economic growth in Jordan employing Auto Regressive Distributed Lags Bounds Testing (ARDL BT) co-integration method for the spanning period from 1984 to 2018. The results indicate that there is a long- run relationship among variables. The results showed that there is a negative and statistically significant effect of human capital index (HCI) on economic growth (GWP) in the long run, and a positive and statistically significant effect of FDI (GFDI) on economic growth (GWP) in the long run. The estimation results indicate that a 1% increase in (HCI) decreases (GWP) by 0.272%, and a 1% increase in (GFDI) increases (GWP) by 0.006%. This study is one of the few studies that highlight the challenges facing both HC and FDI in increasing economic growth in Jordan and provides some recommendations.
Religie op het werk?
Authors: Franken Leni , Levrau François
Published: May 2020

Religie op het werk? Over positieve en negatieve godsdienstvrijheid bij private ondernemingen en tendensondernemingen

In this article we elaborate on the place of religion in the workplace. Does the individual freedom of religion imply that employers must always accommodate the religious claims of employees or can they boast a number of arguments allowing them to legitimately limit that freedom? And, conversely, do employers not also have a right to freedom of religion and a right to formulate certain religious expectations for their employees? In this contribution, we deal with these and related questions from a legal-philosophical perspective. The overall aim is to illustrate the extent to which univocal answers are jeopardized because of conceptual ambiguities. We first make a normative distinction between two strategies (i.e. difference-blind approach and difference-sensitive approach) and subsequently illustrate and elaborate on how and why these strategies can lead to different outcomes in legal cases. We illustrate the extent to which a contextual and proportional analysis can be a way out in theoretical and practical conundrums.
Capitate and Hamate Fracture. Case Study
Authors: Filho Ricardo Luiz Ramos , De Jesus Jefferson Santos , Miranda Joao Claudio Ferreira , Barcelos Victor Azuréu , De Oliveira Diego Bento
Published: May 2020

Capitate and hamate fractures are infrequent injuries and are uncommon in isolation. A capitate fracture is usually associated with a scaphoid fracture. The primary mechanism of injury is a fall with the wrist in hyperextension. Other possible ways for capitate fractures are axial down trauma of the third metacarpal and direct trauma. Hamate fractures have a 2% incidence among carpal bone fractures, probably due to underreporting. They can occur on the hamate body or the hamulus or hook. Combined capitate and hamate fractures are uncommon and relevant studies, especially case reports, are scarce. We present a case report of a combined capitate and hamate fracture in a 44-year-old patient who suffered a direct trauma to the back of the hand during
a fall. Following a clinical suspicion based on history and physical examination, radiographic and computed tomography (CT) studies were crucial for elucidating the case and proposed treatment, which involved ensuring absolute stability and performing an open reduction, using interfragmentary compression, with the Herbert bone screw implanted in each bone. After the surgical procedure, the patient wore a forearm plaster cast splint for four weeks. A satisfactory outcome was obtained in three months, with a complete range of motion and preserved force compared to the contralateral hand.
Theories and Contemporary Development of Organizational Perspectives in Social Sciences. The founding writers of Western sociology. Part 1
Authors: Bhandai Mediani
Published: May 2020

This paper is purely theoretical in which I have illustrated the contributions of the founding theorist of Western sociology, by focusing on how they addressed (or didn’t address) organizations. Then, I have discussed (in brief) the development of organizational theory and how organizational theorists are responding to the emergence of challenges to the traditional rational approaches to understanding organizations. These analyses are situated on the historical contexts include major contributions of each theorist. This research is solely based on the secondary information. Paper contents four Sections: first the work of the three founding theorists of Western Sociology, Karl Marx; Émile Durkheim and Max Weber, secondly, I have exemplified the development of organizational theory and the emergence of challenges to the traditional rational approaches to understand the organization; where I have analyzed the work of Classical theorists- Max Weber, Henri Fayol, Frederick Taylor, Luther Halsey Gulick, Herbert A. Simon, Berton H. Kaplan, modern theorist- Michel Foucault, Jurgen Habermas, Jacques Derrida, Jurgen Habermas etc. Third Section covers the contemporary theories and perspectives. In this section I have exemplified how Philip Selznick, Peter Blau, James David Thompson and Charles Perrow incorporated the Weber notion of bureaucracy followed by DiMaggio, Paul, J. and Walter W. Powell etc. and in forth section, covers the feminist approach in theory building with focus of organizational analysis (with the focus of Arlene Daniels, Dorothy Smith, Marjorie DeVault, Gisela Bock and Susan James, Martha Calas, Linda Smircich etc. work). This paper has detailed footnotes quoted from the original sources and contents useful reference of the sociological theory and practices for concerned social scientist to build their knowledge base and research direction.
Theories and Contemporary Development of Organizational Perspectives in Social Sciences. The development of organizational theory and the emergence of challenges to the traditional rational approaches to understand the organization. Part 2
Authors: Bhandai Mediani
Published: May 2020

This paper is purely theoretical in which I have illustrated the contributions of the founding theorist of Western sociology, by focusing on how they addressed (or didn’t address) organizations. Then, I have discussed (in brief) the development of organizational theory and how organizational theorists are responding to the emergence of challenges to the traditional rational approaches to understanding organizations. These analyses are situated on the historical contexts include major contributions of each theorist. This research is solely based on the secondary information. Paper contents four Sections: first the work of the three founding theorists of Western Sociology, Karl Marx; Émile Durkheim and Max Weber, secondly, I have exemplified the development of organizational theory and the emergence of challenges to the traditional rational approaches to understand the organization; where I have analyzed the work of Classical theorists- Max Weber, Henri Fayol, Frederick Taylor, Luther Halsey Gulick, Herbert A. Simon, Berton H. Kaplan, modern theorist- Michel Foucault, Jurgen Habermas, Jacques Derrida, Jurgen Habermas etc. Third Section covers the contemporary theories and perspectives. In this section I have exemplified how Philip Selznick, Peter Blau, James David Thompson and Charles Perrow incorporated the Weber notion of bureaucracy followed by DiMaggio, Paul, J. and Walter W. Powell etc. and in forth section, covers the feminist approach in theory building with focus of organizational analysis (with the focus of Arlene Daniels, Dorothy Smith, Marjorie DeVault, Gisela Bock and Susan James, Martha Calas, Linda Smircich etc. work). This paper has detailed footnotes quoted from the original sources and contents useful reference of the sociological theory and practices for concerned social scientist to build their knowledge base and research direction.
Pathologies and kitsch in the workplace - theoretical perspective
Authors: Ciupka Stanisław
Published: May 2020

In this article we would like to touch upon the problem of reprehensible practices, pathologies that are present in many economic organizations today. We would like to consider how much unethical behavior should be largely attributed to employees, and how much it is associated with external cultural, organizational and situational factors. With this perspective, the author wants to associate pathologies in the workplace with the rich in associations, synonymous with the word kitsch, which can also be applied to economic and business issues. It is worth emphasizing that kitsch and pathology seem to permeate, and maybe even one of them can result from another. This is a paradox that the author wants to address in this article. The proper tracking of the activities of organizations by their management is the basic form of preventing pathologies in the organization. It is also associated with a significant impact on the economy, because the effectiveness of work is closely related to the problems of anxiety or embarrassment in the workplace. Some researchers may conclude that kitsch, pathology and frustration that leads to professional burnout can often be related to workaholism or even law violations in specific companies. This article is based on the method of critical analysis of literature and the method of deduction in observing behavior in organizations.
Fatigue in maritime transport
Authors: Galieriková Andrea , Dávid Andrej , Sosedová Jarmila
Published: May 2020

The maritime system operates non-stop, by the workers who operate, sleep, eat and live 24/7 in noisy, dynamic and stressful environment. Irregular and extended shifts are not unusual for the workers aboard. The final result of the extended shifts is fatigue, represented by the symptoms such as drowsiness, irritability, reduced alertness, lack of concentration and memory, depression and headaches. Lack of sleep or rest can impair the cognitive skills, slows down the reaction times and makes it difficult to concentrate. Proving fatigue as the cause of the maritime accident can be a challenging task. So, the method of investigation the fatigue in the terms of maritime transport has to be used. This paper provides a recommendation for the process of investigation and assessing of the causal factors, such as human factor, especially the fatigue. The preventive measures how to avoid the fatigue aboard the vessel are also given.
Drinking Water Security in the Mid-hill Region of Nepal
Authors: Poudel Durga D. , Duex Timothy W. , Poudel Roshan
Published: May 2020

Drinking water security is increasingly becoming a global concern in recent decades. The mid-hill region of Nepal is also experiencing serious water shortages in recent years. In order to assess the availability of drinking water in the mid-hill regions of Nepal, we studied hydrogeology, land use types and collected water samples from 30 springs in Kavre, Kahmandu Valley, Nuwakot and Tanahu in Nepal between July 17-September 12, 2017. For each sampling spring, while surrounding land use type (mixed, agriculture, urban, vegetation) and spring type (fracture, depression, contact) were determined through field observation, the field pH, conductivity and temperature was determined using relevant probes and thermometers. Water samples were collected in 1L and 165mL plastic bottles for chemical and total coliform determination, respectively, in the lab. Bottles were rinsed twice using spring water before filling them with sample water, then stored in an ice chest, and brought to the lab. In the laboratory, turbidity, conductivity, Ca, Mg, HCO3, SO4, Na, NO3, Cl, Fe, As, and total coliform were determined using standard methods. Spring water in agricultural areas showed significantly higher suspended solids compared to other land use types whereas spring water in urban areas showed significantly higher dissolved substances. By spring type, turbidity and conductivity values and the concentration of dissolved constituents (Ca, Mg, HCO3, SO4, NO3, and Cl) were ranked in the order of fracture < contact < depression. Na and Fe concentration were in the order of fracture = contact < depression. By land-use type, conductivity and dissolved constituents (Ca, Mg, HCO3) were in the order of agriculture < vegetation < mixed < urban. Whereas urban land use had the highest values for SO4, Na, NO3, and Cl, other land use types showed variable order. Fe concentration was ranked in the order of urban < mixed < vegetation < agriculture. Total coliform was in the order of mixed < agriculture < urban < vegetation. These results indicate that land use type and surface condition, which is possibly associated with human activities, heavily affect spring water properties in the region. These results suggest that drinking water security of mid-hill region of Nepal is threatened heavily due to poor spring water quality. Protection of drinking water sources should be specific to land use type and activities around the springs. Index Terms— three to six pertinent, specific to the paper, keywords added after the abstract, separated by commas.
Rule of Law 2.0: Blockchain Technology and the Development of Legal Institutions in Africa
Authors: Wilhelm Alexander
Published: May 2020

The blockchain technology - or more generally, the technology of distributed ledgers (DLT) - has been heralded as a ‘game changer’ for the development of African economies. Whilst the focus of the discussion is usually on private sector applications, most notably including digital currencies such as ‘Bitcoin’, blockchain technology could also be used to improve the administration of public services and to strengthen the rule of law. With a view to the latter, this paper outlines the opportunities of DLT for developing nations in particular and offers an analysis of the most pressing legal and factual challenges that African governments need to resolve. The objective is to illustrate solutions which may be suitable for African jurisdictions in particular, hopefully assisting governments across the continent in developing their own tailor-made approach.
Knowledge and Luck
Authors: Chernyak Alexey Z. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2020

There is a widely shared belief in contemporary epistemology that propositional knowledge is incompatible with certain kinds of luck, most of all with so called veritic luck. A subject is veritically lucky in his or her belief that p if this belief is true not due to its foundations (for example, reasons which an agent has to believe that p) but by mere accident. The acceptance of the thesis of incompatibility of knowledge with this kind of luck led to significant modifications of a popular modern epistemological tripartite analysis of propositional knowledge according to which subject knows that p if and only if he or she believes that p is true, p is actually true, and an agent’s belief that p is true is justified. In his famous paper “Is True Justified Belief Knowledge” E. Gettier demonstrated that true justified belief may not be knowledge. The core of the problem is that in the cases described by Gettier and the like an agent’s belief, though justified, is true by accident. This gave rise to a set of theories introducing additional conditions of knowledge which could exclude veritic luck. In this paper the author critically discusses main modifications of the tripartite concept of knowledge aimed at making it independent on veritic luck, and show that they are unable to solve this problem. He agrees with those who think that the very thesis of incompatibility of knowledge with veritic luck is wrong. But he disagrees that all kinds of veritic luck are compatible with knowledge: the author supposes that good veritic luck is compatible with knowledge only when it compensates some negative effect of antecedent bad epistemic luck. According to this view original Gettier examples are not cases of knowledge whereas broken-clocks case and fake-barns case are. This account allows treating many classic cases of dependence of knowledge on luck as cases of knowledge-acquirement, but in the same time it excludes the inclusion into the class of knowledge such intuitively irrelevant outcomes as lucky guess and wishful thinking.
Naturalism and Kantianism
Authors: Bazhanov Valentin A. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2020

An article by T. Rockmore, published in the journal “Epistemology and Philosophy of Science” in 2009 (Vol. XXII. No. 4, pp. 14‒29), claim that naturalism is by its nature an example of anti-Kantianism, for it treats philosophy as a continuation science and recognizes science as a legitimate source of knowledge, does not allow a priori, relies on an a posteriori approach, empiricism in the pre-Kantian sense, and insists on the possibility of revising the knowledge acquired. This article has a goal to show that T. Rockmore point of view should be revised due to the progress of modern cognitive research and, first of all, neuroscience, in which all the features of the naturalistic approach are implemented and in which the “Kantian program” of brain research is developed. In the context of this program, the existence on the ontological level (i.e., in the brain) of certain neural structures that make it possible and play a crucial role in the cognitive activity of a person is recognized. Those concepts that Kant treated as components of cognitive activity in modern neuroscience acquired ontological status in the form of the activity of certain neural structures, which turn out to be prerequisites and components of this activity. We claim that in the context of the Kantian research program in neuroscience, the metaphor “Kantian brain” naturally entered the vocabulary of neuroscientists, and certain specific operations and functions of the brain began to be associated with individual elements of Kant's ideas. It is in this context attempts are made to comprehend the mechanisms of the brain in the “stimulus – activity” mode, when an external effect leads to the excitation of certain neural structures. The brain is capable to anticipate the long-term results of certain actions of the subject. In the case of foresight, the brain generates “internal” models and uses for their correction external data that constantly provided from reality across the subject. At the same time, some kind of self-correcting mechanisms implements, which from a formal point of view described by the Bayes theorem, using a priori evaluations of upcoming events and changes in these evaluations as result of experience. Thus, naturalism and Kantianism understood in the context of the progress of modern science, despite T. Rockmore idea, are completely compatible.
Conception and Philosophy of Science
Authors: Koshlakov Dmitry M. , Shvyrkov Alexander I. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2020

The authors try to show that even Wittgensteinian definition of concept is not always sufficient to analyze what really happens in science. As a result, in addition to “concept” we propose “conception” as a new promising tool for philosophy of science. We provide a brief historical analysis of this term and reveal two main interpretations of “conception” in philosophy and scientific disciplines. In accordance with the first view, conception appears as either a “twin” of the concept, or a pair entity to the concept. According to the second view, conception is a kind of “strange concept” that exists among “normal” concepts. Since conception is understood differently in sciences and philosophical systems, it is not possible to give a generalized definition of conception. That is, it is impossible to formulate this definition, so to speak, inductively. Moreover, even if it was possible, such a definition would not necessarily have to be automatically accepted by philosophy of science. That is why the introduction of a concept of conception was carried out through the analysis of a global process associated with the return of metaphysics to science. We define conception as a semantic construction denoting the unknown (and, possibly, fundamentally unknowable) and ensuring the possibility of working with this unknown (unknowable). By virtue of the way conception was introduced (conception is not a “generalization” of the interpretations available in specific sciences) many conceptions that are considered as conception in specific sciences turn out to not to be conceptions within this definition. Thus, the article interprets conception as a new possible tool of philosophy of science, which is aimed at understanding how specific sciences develop.
Between Mutation and Glitch
Authors: Latypova Alina R. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2020

The following paper considers the immanent principles of digital media evolution. The features of the evolutional route of digital objects are conditioned by glitches, errors and bugs, which appear in media functioning, what in its turn gives birth to the new forms, structures and configurations of digital reality. The glitches are considered not only as a kind of digital mutations, but also as a sign of activity of media. Decisions elaborated from the programs’ failures enlarge the resolution capacity of new technologies. The paper provides an analysis of certain errors and glitches, which engineers, programmers, game designers faced with during their work with digital environment. The theoretical framework includes Henri Bergson’s theory of creative evolution, Gram Harman’s object-oriented philosophy, media philosophical approach to the problem of the activity of object proposed by Valery Savchuk and the theory of self-organisation and autopoiesis of the social systems worked out by Niklas Luhmann. The analysis of digital objects activity demonstrates two levels of functioning. The first one, fictional level, reveals mainly (but not only) in the computer games and concerns the content of media, when we gain a habit to interact with digital objects/characters as if they are real. The second level, operational, realises in the digital environment in general and concerns the form of media. On this level, glitches and bugs have crucial meaning, because they might evoke the changes in the digital world organisation, starting from the local decisions for the certain program (e.g. the elaboration of the new ways in solving locomotional tasks in simulations, which might be later use in other projects) and ending with the replacement of practices and representations typical for the human of digital era. The paper shows that it is possible to talk about digital evolution not in terms of the history of technological inventions, but in terms of the changes in digital objects caused by the inner logic of media, independently from the human will and expectations.
Epistemology of Belief
Authors: Kostina Alina O. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2020

The following article discovers current trends of contemporary epistemology, related to epistemic agent and his/her activities. A number of issues raised here describe internal experience of the agent, such as (in)voluntary nature of belief formation, trust in one’s faculties of perception, correspondence of formed beliefs to evidence, demarcation between purely epistemic and pragmatic rationality. Another part of the issues is related to external experiences of the agent. The most crucial among them are: blameworthiness of the agent’s belief system, limited intake of testimonial knowledge as a result of social bias; epistemic disagreement and “epistemic peers” as the sources of knowledge or additional pressure from the environment. The author considers virtue epistemology as a new way of performing normativity.
Yuelushannus gen. nov. (Araneae, Linyphiidae) from China
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Zhou Gu-chun , Bashir Shahida , Mukhtar Muhammad Khalid , Peng Xian-jin
Published: May 2020

The new erigoninae genus Yuelushannus gen. nov. with two new species, Y. alatus sp. nov. (♂♀) and Y. barbatus sp. nov. (♂♀), are described from Hunan and Hubei Provinces. Detailed descriptions of somatic features and genitalic characters, photos of the habitus and copulatory organs, line drawings of copulatory organs and a distribution map are provided.
Beliefs about finding a compatible partner in three settings
Authors: Sprecher Susan
Published: May 2020

Single adults often exert considerable energy searching for a compatible partner. Until recently, people met partners primarily through everyday activities (work, school) and through friends. These ways of meeting partners are still common, although Internet dating sites have also become a main way for couples to meet. The current study was conducted to examine people’s attitudes about finding a compatible partner in three different settings: online dating, the social network (e.g., friends of friends), and everyday activities. A sample of 702 single (unpartnered) adults (ages 18 to 40) completed a survey that included items that measured their attitudes about finding a compatible partner in the three different ways. Participants believed they would be less likely to find a compatible partner through online dating than either through friends or in everyday activities. Age and shyness were negatively associated with optimism of finding a partner, particularly in the traditional settings of everyday activities and through one’s social network.
An upper bound for the regularity of powers of edge ideals
Authors: Herzog Jürgen , Hibi Takayuki
Published: May 2020

For a finite simple graph $G$ we give an upper bound for the regularity of the powers of the edge ideal $I(G)$.
Efficient Generation of Different Topological Representations of Graphs Beyond-Planarity
Authors: Angelini Patrizio , Bekos Michael , Kaufmann Michael , Schneck Thomas
Published: May 2020

Beyond-planarity focuses on combinatorial properties of classes of non-planar graphs that allow for representations satisfying certain local geometric or topological constraints on their edge crossings. Beside the study of a specific graph class for its maximum edge density, another parameter that is often considered in the literature is the size of the largest complete or complete bipartite graph belonging to it.

Overcoming the limitations of standard combinatorial arguments, we present a technique to systematically generate all non-isomorphic topological representations of complete and complete bipartite graphs, taking into account the constraints of the specific class. As a proof of concept, we apply our technique to various beyond-planarity classes and achieve new tight bounds for the aforementioned parameter.