bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selection on Measuring Points of the Surface Roughness on Large Size Ultra-Thin Stainless Steel
Authors: Su Jianxiu , Wang Yipu , Liu Haixu , Zhang Xiaofeng , Wang Zhankui
Published: September 2020

Stainless steel will become one of the main substrate materials of flexible large-scale display. The biggest problem of stainless steel as flexible display substrate is that the surface roughness is too large, so it is necessary to be ultra-precision machining on its surface, such as the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). How to select the most representative measurement points in measuring surface roughness after CMP is the first problem to be solved. Based on the idea of orthogonal design, taking a roll of ultra-thin flexible stainless steel substrate as an example, the method and algorithm of selecting 12 measuring points on a 600mm×100mm rectangular area are obtained. This method avoids the blindness in random selection of measurement points, and reduces the workload of selecting measurement points. It can provide a reference for the selection of measurement points on the large-scale surface after ultra-precision machining.
Study on Preparation and Properties of Luminescent Polyamide Fiber Doped with Graphene
Authors: Ni Haiyan , Li Yonggui , Chen Zhi
Published: September 2020

In order to improve the mechanical properties and spinning performance of luminescent nylon fibers, different proportions of graphene were used for melt spinning, and the best spinning process of graphene-doped luminescent nylon 150D/36F composite fiber was found. The effects of doped graphene on the mechanical properties, molecular structure and luminescent properties of luminescent nylon fibers were analyzed by means of electron microscope scanning, infrared spectroscopy, test instrument of long afterglow properties and monofilament strength tester. The experimental results show that the mechanical properties of the fiber are improved after graphene is doped into the luminescent nylon. Considering the luminescent properties and mechanical properties of the fiber, the comprehensive properties of the fiber are the best when the amount of graphene is 0.5‰.
Influence of Process Parameters on the Forward Slip of Cup during Roll Forming
Authors: Zhang Baohong , Hu Bin , Zhang Zhimin , Zhao Xi
Published: September 2020

The effect of friction coefficient, reduction of thickness, forming speed, roller diameter on the coefficient of forward slip at the rim of the roller during cup roll forming was studied by numerical simulation. The results show that during roll pre-forming, the friction coefficient and forming speed have little effect on the coefficient of forward slip, and the reduction of thickness and the diameter of the roller have a greater influence on the coefficient of forward slip; as the reduction of thickness increases, the coefficient of forward slip increases; as the roller diameter increases, the coefficient of forward slip increases first and then decreases. The coefficient of forward slip during the roll pre-forming of cup is much larger than that of roll forging. During roll shaping, the process parameters have little effect on the coefficient of forward slip and its value is close to zero, that is, the axial length of the roll shaped part is almost equal to the arc length of the roller rim. The accuracy of numerical simulation is verified by experiments, and the error between the numerical simulation and experiment is less than 1%.
Development Technology of Excel Data Server Application with DELPHI ADO + RemObjectcs Combined (Part 2 the Client Side)
Authors: Yan Haizhong , Tang Cindy Q. , Xiong Chaoyao , Yan Yuan
Published: September 2020

This paper is second part that Client side, the client program is retrieved by the query language SQL, Excel data file can perform various operations and customer interface directly to form a Web-based application systems, in Delphi7.0 support, using ADO and RemObjects SDK tools to develop an Excel data server. Once the server is started and the client can connect to it, the user can communicate with the excel server through the client’s application program to carry out data access and query of various conditions. Using our programming techniques and methods, server-side and client-side programming efficiency is high, and data processing is more convenient.
A Review on the Methods of Interlaminar Properties Using Nanomaterials to Reinforce Carbon Fiber Epoxy Composites
Authors: Xu Jingli , Liu Aiyun , Jia Huamin , Liu Fangbiao , Zhang Jianqin , Guo Jianfen , Wei Huazhen , Zhang Haiyun , Wang Danyong , Li Shuhu
Published: September 2020

Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites is playing a role in reducing structural weight and costs, saving resources and optimizing processes. However, the low properties of epoxy matrix and the weak interfacial bonding between carbon fiber and epoxy lead to the poor interlaminar performancec for carbon fiber or fabric reinforced epoxy composites. The application of nanomaterials is an effective way to improve or enhance the interlaminar properties of composite materials. Therefore, this paper summarized the research on the methods of nanomaterialsto reinforce resin matrix, and nanomaterials-carbon fibers multi-scale reinforcement to enhance the interlaminar performace, and nanomaterials to distribute the surface of prepreg uniformly, and nanomaterials to promote interfacial binding energy between carbon fiber and epoxy and nanomaterials macrostructure to improve the interlaminar properties of composites.
The Immunohistochemical Study of Periodontal Tissues Regenerated by Nano Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics
Authors: Wang Lanlei
Published: September 2020

The aim of the experiment was to study the immunohistochemical reaction the periodontal tissues regenerated by nano biphasic calcium phosphate bioceramics (NBCP). Two lateral third incisors were randomly selected and operated as experimental group in two beagle dogs. As control the contralateral third incisors of the same jaw were done nothing. In experimental group, alveolar bone defects were made surgically at the labial aspects of the teeth. After root conditioning, the defects were filled with NBCP. 16 weeks after operation, the dogs were killed. The immunohistochemistry examination was used to observe the newly formed periodontium in the experimental group and the normal periodontium in the control group. The positive expressions of osteocalcin (OCN) in newly formed periodontium were the same to that in normal periodontal tissues.
An Effective Modulus Predictive Method of Graphene Epoxy Nanocomposites
Authors: Wei Huazhen , Wang Danyong , Zhang Jianqin , Zhang Haiyun , Li Shuhu
Published: September 2020

Interfacial interaction between flaked graphene and resins was the key element of effecting whether graphene as nanofillers could improve some of the properties of pure resin. Based on really materials and applied manufacturing process, a new kind of an effective modulus predictive method for resins modified with graphene which could compute and analyze modulus of any content ratio of graphene in the resin with only one content ratio was built in order to provide theoretical foundations for design and property of resins modified with graphene. According to practically different materials system and corresponding manufacturing processes, few experiments which only needed elastic modulus of resins modified with one random content-ratio graphene were made to predict effective elastic modulus of any other content ratio of graphene modifying resins under the same manufacturing processes by obtaining experimental constants based on numerical progressive iterative approximation method and compute the above experimental constants as basic materials parameters so as to build the whole analysis model in the next step. An excellent agreement was found between data obtained from this study and the experiment.
Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using HoneySuchle Flowers Extract and Their Application for Reductive Catalysis of Direct Violet 1
Authors: Zhang Jun , Lu Tao , Yao Ping , Niu Jiantao , Guan Weibo
Published: September 2020

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using HoneySuchle Flowers Extract as reducing and stabilizing agent has been discussed in this paper, and AgNPs have been characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, DLS analysis, TEM and EDS analysis. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak of AgNPs was observed at around 429 nm, and the average particles size of AgNPs was around 50 nm. The biosynthesis temperature had great impact on the particle size distributions of AgNPs and thereby affected the catalytic characteristics of AgNPs for the reductive degradation of Direct Violet 1 by NaBH4. The results showed that increasing of AgNPs particle size was upon the increasing of reaction temperature, which was adverse to catalytic reactivity of AgNPs.
Analysis on the Relation between Strengthening Internal Management and Economic Benefit of China’s Petrochemical Enterprises under the Restriction of Market Environment
Authors: Zhu Xueyi , Zhu Liangfeng
Published: September 2020

This paper studies the external impact of China’s energy policy and market environment changes on the economic benefits of petrochemical enterprises, and the internal impact of internal control and management of petrochemical enterprises on their economic benefits. In 2010-2017, China’s energy economic policy has been adjusted, the market environment has undergone major changes. This paper quantifies these two factors into indexes and combines them with the internal control index of enterprises to apply them to the economic benefit model of petrochemical enterprises, Regression analysis has been used for positive analysis. The study finds the changes of China’s energy policy have played a guiding, regulating and promoting role in the development of petrochemical enterprises; the more restrictions the market environment imposes on petrochemical enterprises, the worse the economic benefits of petrochemical enterprises are. Strengthening internal control in petrochemical enterprises can offset some unfavorable factors and the economic benefits of downstream petrochemical enterprises are better than those of upstream ones. The paper reveals the effects of energy policy action index, market environment restriction index and internal control index on economic benefits of petrochemical enterprises. The policy recommendations are as follows:The governments should improve the market environment and formulate policiesthat will benefit upstream petrochemical enterprises, especially oil and gas extraction enterprises, in raising product prices and increasing profit margins.
Approach Airspace Utilization Rate Mode of Terminal Area in Blocky Distributed Hazardous Weather
Authors: Gao Zheng , Zhang Zhaoning , Xu Zihang
Published: September 2020

Hazardous weather has a great impact on the airspace operation of the terminal area, which will lead to a reduction in the utilization of the airspace of the arrival operation. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the airspace utilization of the terminal area in hazardous weather. This paper analyzed the impact of blocky hazardous weather area on flight path, flight distance and flight time, and established a calculation model for the terminal area arrival airspace utilization rate in the blocky hazardous weather area based on the flow volume ratio based on the time and space constraints of the terminal area airspace operation. We selected a control terminal which was affected by the blocky hazardous weather area, then used the model to calculate the approach airspace utilization rate and compared it with the approach airspace utilization rate under normal weather conditions. The results show that the evaluation results of the established model can reflect the actual operating conditions.
Hysteresis Loops in Diluted Antiferromagnetic Films
Authors: Mao Zhongquan , Zhan Xiaozhi , Zhang Jiang , Chen Xi
Published: September 2020

The hysteresis loops of diluted antiferromagnetic (DAF) thin films are studied by means of Monte Carlo simulations. The major hysteresis loops exhibit rich variety of shapes. A diagram of shape is demonstrated. Loop shift and coercivity enhancement are observed exclusively in field-cooling minor loops, which indicates that the effects are not the intrinsic properties of the DAF thin films. The numerical results may help to understand the stable mechanism of the uncompensated spins in the DAF layer and exchange bias systems.
Study on Establishing of Multilevel and Integrated System of Vocational Education
Authors: Gao Guangling , Niu Lin , Tan Wei , Zhang Peiyun , Pan Xianghua , Jin Shichen , Luo Qiang
Published: September 2020

The establishing of the vocational education system in the era of knowledge economy is an important topic that must be studied and solved in current vocational education. This paper studies and explores multilevel and integrated system of vocational education. This paper puts forward the essential meaning of ‘customization, on-site, internationalization and digitization’ of vocational education, and constructs a multilevel and Integrated vocational education system and training mode, which could train different levels of technical skill talents to meet the lifelong learning.
Synthesis of Fe3O4/Graphene oxide/Pristine graphene Composite and Its Application in Electrochemical Sensor
Authors: Cai Linlin , Shang Yangyang , Jiang Xiaoqing
Published: September 2020

In this work, a Fe3O4/graphene oxide (GO)/pristine graphene (PG) ternary composite was synthesized successfully by a two-step method: first graphite was added into GO dispersion to get the GO/PG composite, followed by loading Fe3O4 nanoparticles via a co-precipitation method. The structure of Fe3O4/GO/PG was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Compared with the Fe3O4/GO binary composite, Fe3O4/GO/PG composite shows more excellent properties. An electrochemical sensor fabricated with Fe3O4/GO/PG was used to detect dopamine (DA). The linear detection ranges of DA is 5-50 μM with detection limits of 3.37 μM.
Flow Model Considering the Influence of Low Velocity Non-Darcy Flow and Reservoir Connectivity and its Application
Authors: Li Meifang , Miao Zhiguo , Zheng Xianbao , Li Min , Jia Shihua , Wang Hongwei , Wang Jiankai
Published: September 2020

During the development of low and ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir, due to the starting pressure gradient of poor reservoir physical properties, it is difficult to establish effective displacement between oil and water wells, and high voidage replacement ratio and low formation pressure are common phenomena. So it is necessary to analyze the influential factor of high voidage replacement ratio of low and ultra-low permeability reservoir. A one source and one sink flow model considering low velocity non-Darcy flow and unconnected reservoirs was established by using the flow theory of unidirectional flow and radial flow, and the model was solved by numerical method. The results show that the unconnected layers of water well will lead to the increase of invalid water injection; the larger the starting pressure gradient is and the larger the volume proportion of unconnected layer is, the smaller the maximum annual liquid production rate is and the higher the cumulative voidage replacement ratio corresponding to maintaining the maximum liquid production rate is. It is theoretically proved that the existence of unconnected layers and starting pressure gradient are the factors leading to the existence of high voidage replacement ratio in low and ultra-low permeability reservoirs. The study provides a theoretical basis for the adjustment of high-efficiency water injection in reservoirs.
Flightcrew Light Alerting Design with Dark Cockpit Philosophy
Authors: Zhang Chen , Li Lei , Xu Shining , Jiang Wentian
Published: September 2020

An effective and reasonable flightcrew light alerting design in civil aircraft flight deck based on dark cockpit philosophy has been proposed. Considering the human factor engineering and airworthiness requirement, the paper analyses flight deck alerting system and defect of bright cockpit philosophy, then the state-of-art light alerting design using dark cockpit philosophy is given. According to operation scenarios and architectures of different aircraft systems, three type of the new design is presented. This approach consists of general light alerting part, standby system light alerting part and special light alerting part. The proposed design ensures that the flight crew not only obtain the aircraft system status intuitively, but also decrease their workload during the whole flight phase.
The Classification and Measurement of Body Size in Jiangxi for the Application of Clothing Industry
Authors: Zhang Huaxia
Published: September 2020

3D body scanner and Martin ruler were applied in this study. Total sampling number is 2000 Ranging from 1 to 75 years old based on the population distribution including north, middle and south area in Jiangxi. Specially, 562 women ranging from 13 to 22 years old were sampled for detailed analysis. 66 items were measured through 20 basic marked points. Descriptive statistic including concentrated trend and dispersive tend were calculated by using SPSS software for various area gender and age. The main body size parameters were obtained by PFA method and further analyzed by descriptive statistic method. The various foreign classification methods were referred and 6 kinds of the latest body size classification standards were built according to height, hipline, hip-bust-gap, bust-waist-gap and hip-waist-gap. An extended estimated sampling number 25, 972 was found based on variation of measured items for overall study to build a Jiangxis body size database.
Soft Clay Improvement Using Bamboo Leaf Ash on CBR Values
Authors: Wijaya W , Ismanti S , Rifa’i A
Published: September 2020

Soft and expansive clay is a soil type mostly found in Indonesia. Cement addition is one of the treatments common applied in soft clay improvement. However, its utilization requires to be controlled considering the effect to environment. Bamboo is a very abundant natural resource. On the other hand, bamboo leaf still requires attention in terms of management and utilization. In the form of ash, bamboo leaf contains high silica that could be used as pozzolan material. This research investigated the effect BLAsh addition in reducing cement utilization to the CBR value parameter of soft clay soil by experimental analysis. The total content of stabilizer material in the soft clay soil is 12% of the dry soil mass. Then, BLAsh content was varied in 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the total content of stabilizer material. The result depicted that 25% of cement substitution by BLAsh proved the improvement of CBR value both in dry and critical condition. In addition, improvement of expansive soil was proven by the decreasing of swelling percentage in the mixture with 25% of BLAsh content. Also, the longer curing time is important in providing perfect reaction of the chemical contents in the mixture.
The Flexural Capacity Study of High Strength Reinforced Concrete Beams Used Palm Oil Clinkers as Additives
Authors: Yusra A , Triwulan  , Opirina L , Ikhsan M , Safriani M
Published: September 2020

The palm oil clinkers has a high silica content to use in high strength concrete mixtures as additives. In the study to replace silica fume used fly ash which is made from the palm clinkres and mashing then filtered with a No. #200 sieve. The study used a tested beam with 15 × 30 × 220 cm sized with concrete strength design (f’c) 60 MPa and (w/c) is 0.25. The main reinforced used 15.8 mm diameter with yield strength (fy) 446.34 MPa and shear reinforced used 11.9 mm diameter with yield strength (fy) 381.72 MPa. The compressive strength test at 28 days of 3 pieces of control specimens showed average value of 58.77 MPa. The maximum deflection in the middle of reinforced concrete beams is 31,8 mm at the maximum load 260.00 kN. The maximum deflection that happened is bigger than theoretical deflection with with two load points 17,126 mm. While the ductility produced by high quality reinforced concrete blocks with additives of palm oil clinkers is 2.313. Strain that occurs in tensile reinforcement and shear reinforcement under maximum loading conditions is 569,911 μm and 8,967 μm. The palm oil clinkers as a substitute for silica fume in high quality reinforced concrete is effectively used to increase concrete ductility.
Free Feeder/Bus Ticketing Systems Modelling for Students in Surakarta City Based on Android Platform
Authors: Setiono  , Yulianto B , Alfarisi S , Nurfaalih N T
Published: September 2020

High population growth causes an increase in community mobility to meet their travel needs. This has an impact on the use of private vehicles that are not controlled, which is causing transportation problems. The solution to the transportation problem is to use public transportation as a mode of travel. The government is obliged to provide adequate public transportation so that people switch from using private vehicles to using public transport vehicles. In order to meet the needs of public transportation, therefore, the Surakarta City Government provides a free BST bus/feeder fleet specifically for student. In connection with this, a ticketing BST bus/feeder system is needed to monitor and supervise public transportation users. The aim of study is to develop a free ticket system for student to use public transportation in the form of BST bus/feeder using Android smartphone technology. By using this system, students are expected to depart and return from school using public transportation provided by the city government for free without the need to be escorted and picked up by parents or guardians. Study results is an android application called Ride for Free, which is user friendly and helps students to their daily riding activities to school.
The Study Degree of Saturation on Toll Road Access Based on Changes in Urban Settlement Land
Authors: Akbardin J , Permana A Y , Nurahman H
Published: September 2020

Changes in land use that are not in harmony with the growth in the number of vehicles cause congestion and decrease in the speed of travel. Toll road access is one of the important ways to decrease traffic jams in cities that require smooth traffic flow. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of service level of toll road access to land use changes from residential environments to commercial areas. The analytical method was used to use multiple regression analysis to estimate traffic generation from changes in commercial land use. The degree of saturation of road toll access before land use change shows DS values of 0.56 to 0.65 which were analyzed at peak morning hours. This was an indication of the smooth flow of traffic. After there was a change in land use shown from the trip generation from the commercial area with the equation Y = 2.554 + 1.143 X3 + 1.041 X4 + 1.011 X5 +1.256 X6 + 1.2045 X7 with the significance of the model R2 = 0.91. So that due to changes in land use, the toll access point was higher with changes in the degree of saturation 0.6 to 1.2.
BPPT-lock Armor Unit Implementation for Improving Breakwater Sustainability at the Pacitan Power Plant
Authors: Jauzi M Z , Istiyanto D C , Subarkah A , Suranto
Published: September 2020

BPPT-lock was developed by the Agency for The Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT) and was awarded patent in 2012. The hydraulic stability (KD) of BPPT-lock armor unit was compared to Tetrapod, Dolos and Xbloc armor units. The results indicate that, BPPT-lock performs far better KD in comparison to each of these armor units. A comparative analysis on the economical use of material was also carried out among BPPT-lock, Dolos, Tetrapod and rough stone and rounded stones for similar design condition, the armor unit weight is 4.68ton, 4.97ton, 9.95ton, 19.89ton, and 39.79ton respectively, means that BPPT-lock is more efficient in this comparison. Considering its feasible performance, BPPT-lock is designed as the armor units for the maintenance and reparation of the existing rubble mound breakwater of Pacitan Coal Fired Power Plant port. The 110 m parts of the existing breakwater was hardly damaged and the new structure is designed to stand against a 30 yrs RP waves of Hs = 7m. BPPT-lock armor unit of W = 11 ton on the breakwater slope 1:1,5 is implemented. The first phase construction works was completed in December 2018 and visual observation has shown the great integrity and stability of BPPT-lock armor units.
Design of a Spun Pile Vertical Wall Breakwater for the Improvement of Damaged Cellular-Cofferdam
Authors: Subarkah A , Folmen D , Latief S A , Istiyanto D C , Putera M A , Suranto  , Sujoko S U , Hendriyono W , Aziis S A , Hamid A , Saputra A D , Widagdo A B , Kongko W
Published: September 2020

A new breakwater is on demand to replace the function of an existing steel sheet pile cellular-cofferdam at TPPI Tuban Port of East Java. The existing breakwater has been partially damaged due to severe corrosion and hard attack by monsoon waves. An open frame structure of spun pile vertical-wall breakwater is proposed as an alternative design. The spun pile is a pre-stressed concrete hollow cylinder pile with outer diameter 1800mm and thickness of 200mm. The spun pile lengths vary between minimum 28m to maximum 33m according to the position of hard soil against seabed. The new breakwater is designed to stand against 100yrs RP wave with Hs = 4.7m. Wave height variations around the structure are simulated using Boussinesq Wave module of MIKE21 software, while SAP2000 is used to calculate the strength of superstructure to withstand existing loads and certain load combinations. Plaxis software is used mainly to analyze substructure using existing soil data. This article describes the design process of spun pile vertical wall breakwater, started from loads calculation, then define load combinations, analyze structure in SAP2000, analyze structure in Plaxis, determination of specification and dimension, to design drawings creation.
Implementation Photography as a Media and Supports in Construction Era 4.0 at the Civil Engineering for the Construction Design to Face Tidal Floods Due to Global Warming
Authors: Hermawan S , Leman S
Published: September 2020

Global warming causes climate change with extreme intensity, and other impacts are rising sea levels along with increasing global temperature variability. The research problem located at a remote area in Sidoarjo Regency, East Java Province Indonesia. On December 06, 2017, dozens of houses flooded as high as 60 to 70 cm, resulting in losses of 5 billion rupiahs. Then, it needs to conduct research and design for answering this challenge, but the measurement data was expensive. Thus, the goal of this study, as well as a challenge as Indonesian Engineers, is responsible for taking action through the professionalism of engineers with science and technology by implementing the photography technically. In construction 4.0 era, the new method of aerial photography had introduced. The methodology in this study carried out by making nearshore bathymetry maps with drones along with taking pictures, then it processed and analysed with MenciAPS software and ArcGIS, which was cheaper and safe than using an aeroplane. The outcomes show that the situation nearshore bathymetry map can support measurement data. It can help improve the quality of an engineer, because of the self-development has been done. Thus, the results obtained can be used as a reference for inter-community planning.
Improving uncertainty in forest carbon accounting for REDD+ mitigation efforts
Authors: Yanai R D , Wayson C , Lee D , Espejo A B , Campbell J L , Green M B , Zukswert J M , Yoffe S B , Aukema J E , Lister A J , Kirchner J W , Gamarra J G P
Published: September 2020

Reductions in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases are urgently needed to avoid the most catastrophic consequences of warming. Reducing deforestation and forest degradation presents a climate change mitigation opportunity critical to meeting Paris Agreement goals. One strategy for decreasing carbon emissions from forests is to provide developing countries with results-based financial incentives for reducing deforestation: nearly two billion dollars are currently committed to finance such programs, referred to as REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation, conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks). Countries participating in these programs must document the uncertainty in their estimates of emissions and emission reductions, and payments are reduced if uncertainties are high. Our examination of documentation submitted to date to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) reveals that uncertainties are commonly underestimated, both by omitting important sources of uncertainty and by incorrectly combining uncertainties. Here, we offer recommendations for addressing common problems in estimating uncertainty in emissions and emission reductions. Better uncertainty estimates will enable countries to improve forest carbon accounting, contribute to better informed forest management, and support efforts to track global greenhouse gas emissions. It will also strengthen confidence in markets for climate mitigation efforts. Demand by companies for nature-based carbon credits is growing and if such credits are used for offsets, in exchange for fossil fuel emissions, it is essential that they represent accurately quantified emissions reductions.
Symmetries of Schrödinger equation with scalar and vector potentials
Authors: Nikitin A G
Published: September 2020

Using the algebraic approach Lie symmetries of time dependent Schrödinger equations for charged particles interacting with superpositions of scalar and vector potentials are classified. Namely, all the inequivalent equations admitting symmetry transformations with respect to continuous groups of transformations are presented. This classification is completed and includes the specification of symmetries and admissible equivalence relations for such equations. In particular, a simple mapping between the free Schrödinger equation and the repulsive oscillator is found which has a clear group-theoretical sense.
Mangrove Root Diversity and Structure (cone, pencil, prop) Effectiveness in Accumulating Cu and Zn in Sediments and Water in River Blanakan
Authors: Takarina ND
Published: September 2020

The effectiveness of metal accumulation in mangrove species is related to the root structure and diversity. This study aims to investigate the type of roots belong to Avicennia marina, Rhizophora mucronata, and Sonneratia caseolaris in accumulating Cu and Zn from sediment and water. The samples consist of roots, water and sediment collected from 9 stations in River Blanakan. The heavy metals in samples were analyzed by using AAS. The Zn in A. marina, R. mucronata and S. caseolaris roots were 18.08-54.64 mg/kg, 9.75-54.75 mg/kg, and 19.58-33.33 mg/kg. While, the Cu in A. marina, R. mucronata and S. caseolaris roots were 0.33-0.89 mg/kg, 0.2-54.75 mg/kg and 0.4-0.99 mg/kg. The effectiveness of mangrove roots in accumulating metals is measured by Transfer Factor (TF). The results of this study showed that R. mucronata has the highest TF. The TF of sediment-to-root for Zn in mangrove species is R. mucronata>S. caseolaris>A. marina. While, the TF of sediment-to-root for Cu is R. mucronata>S. caseolaris=A. marina. The TF ranges of R. mucronata for Zn are 0.30-0.38 and for Cu is 0.36-0.46. Hence, the R. mucronata with its unique prop root has significant potential in accumulating metals Cu and Zn from sediment.
The Dynamics of Coastline and Mangrove Ecosystems in Coastal Area of Mangkang Kulon Subdistrict, Semarang
Authors: Martuti N K T , Pribadi R , Dewi N K , Sidiq W A B N , Nugraha S B
Published: September 2020

Mangkang Kulon Subdistrict is one of the coastal areas in Semarang that has relatively dynamic conditions, which seen from the coastline and mangrove ecosystem changes within several years of observation. This study aims to observe coastline changes and the spatial distribution of mangrove ecosystems on the coast of Mangkang Kulon Subdistrict between 2005, 2012 and 2019. Land use n were obtained from visual interpretation of high-resolution digital globe satellite images from 2005, 2012, and 2019 which then tested the accuracy of land use interpretation through field observation and overlaid one another through vector analysis to find out the changes that have occurred. The study showed that the coastline changes were increasingly jutting towards the land in this range of time. This condition is affected by the port construction on the east coast of the Kendal Regency, which directly adjacent to the Mangkang Kulon Subdistrict. Meanwhile, the mangrove ecosystem has increased widely with relatively elongated and grouped spatial patterns. The increase that occurred as a manifestation of various coastal care activities in the form of mangrove planting activities carried out by several government agencies and private parties with a model of coastal community empowerment.
Mangrove governance: Establish a new paradigm of mangrove management “from village to the world”
Authors: Yonvitner  , Perdinan  , Agus S B , Rusrita G , Ramadhani R A , Akmal S G
Published: September 2020

Mangrove ecosystems are one of the main ecosystems in coastal areas that have high productivity that serves and support the productivity of fisheries resources. This high productivity is due to mangrove ecological functions of mangroves as a nursery ground, feeding ground, and spawning ground. In the global warming context, the mangrove ecosystem has served as a sink and storage carbon. Mangroves also play a process of disaster mitigation, especially to current and waves, erosion, and coastal abrasion. Mangrove, in functional status, will be able to protect the wave movement from sea to land. Except for tree density, the mangrove root’s shown an ability to protect waves from the sea. The effort to conserve and protect coastal areas from climate and tsunami can be started from the local community in the coastal. The local government that has close connectivity to the coastal ecosystem is a village particularly. This is a critical point to increase local coastal village, and then, the village autonomy according to Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning villages to conserve the ecosystem and environment as the village’s responsibility. Thus, the village is no longer just managing the administration but also saving the environment and the world one of them through mangroves
Phytoremediation of liquid waste electroplating using Salvinia sp.
Authors: Hernayanti  , Lestari S
Published: September 2020

Liquid waste of chromium electroplating can cause water pollution if not treated. The negative impact of chromium can be minimized with water weeds such as Salvinia molesta and Salvinia natans. The objective of this research was to compare the effectiveness between S. molesta and S. natans as a phytoremediator and the best time exposure. The research design was Randomized Completely Block Design. The main plot was the biomass of S. molesta and S.natans 50 g (B1), 100 g (B2), and 150 g (B3). The subplot was the time of exposure, which consists of 1 day (T1), 6 days (T2), and 12 days (T3). There were 24 treatment combinations, and each treatment was repeated three times. Observed parameters include Cr in water, pH, DO, and TSS. Data were analyzed by Anova and followed by Tukey’s test. This research showed that both S. molesta and S. natans were effective in decreasing Cr in water and TSS in the opposite increase of pH and DO. The most effective treatment was biomass of Salvinia 150 g and 12 days of time exposure. Both of S. molesta and S.natans can be used as phytoremediators to improve water quality, while S. molesta is more effective than S.natans. Biomass of S. molesta 150 g and 12 days were effective treatments to improve the water quality of chromium electroplating.
Synthesized micro-theoretical analysis of performance of magnetorheological fluids subjected to shear mode operation: transmission, slip and sedimentation characteristics
Authors: Chen Song , Yang Jing , Huang Jin , Zhang Bo , Cai Tianwu , Wang Dongchuan
Published: September 2020

This paper aims to formulate a synthesized micro-theoretical analysis that consists of transmission, slip and sedimentation characteristics for the evaluation of the performance of magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) subjected to the shear mode operation. To begin, based on the magnetic dipole theory and the typical micro-structure of MRFs, the shear yield stress of MRFs is analyzed considering the contribution of the magnetic force, excluded-volume force and viscous force. Then, an improve micro-structure of MRFs that is in correspondence with the actual observation is built, and the slip power of MRFs per unit area that takes into account the friction of the particles, walls and carrier liquid is investigated. Moreover, the sedimentation characteristic of MRFs described by the sedimentation velocity of the particles with the coating is analyzed based on the Stokes’ rule. The main influencing factors, such as the magnetic field intensity, the volume fraction of particles, the radius of particles, the coating thickness, the shear strain and the shear strain rate, etc, are taken into account in the micro-theoretical analysis, and the effects of these factors on the transmission, slip and sedimentation characteristics of MRFs are investigated respectively. It shows that the micro-theoretical analysis can describe these characteristics of MRFs accurately and reasonably, and can effectively be utilized for the initial design and optimization of the performance of MRFs and the useful guidance on the external control of magnetorheological transmission devices.
Infill selection for 3D printed radiotherapy immobilisation devices
Authors: Asfia Amirhossein , Deepak Basaula , Novak James I , Rolfe Bernard , Kron Tomas
Published: September 2020

3D printing provides new opportunities to create devices used during radiotherapy treatments, yet little is known about the effect process parameters play on the proposed devices. This study investigates the combined influence of infill pattern, infill density and print orientation on surface dose, as well as on the mechanical properties of 3D printed samples, identifying the optimal infill patterns for use in radiotherapy devices including immobilisation. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) was used to produce sixty samples in two orientations for surface dose measurement, utilising ten different infill patterns. Surface dose testing was performed using a Varian Trubeam linear accelerator with a 6 MV photon beam. A further one hundred and twenty tensile test samples, designed according to ASTM D638 type I standards, were evaluated using a 50 KN Instron 5969. On average, horizontally printed samples had a lower surface dose measurement compared to the vertically orientated samples, with the Stars infill pattern recording the lowest surface dose values in the horizontal orientation, while the Hilbert Curve recorded the lowest surface dose in the edge orientation. Tensile tests revealed the 3D Honeycomb infill pattern to have the highest ultimate tensile strength (UTS) in both horizontal and edge orientations. Overall, the Stars infill pattern exhibited the optimal balance of low surface dose and above average UTS. This study shows how infill patterns can significantly affect dosimetry and mechanical performance of 3D printed radiotherapy devices, and the data can be used by design engineers, clinicians and medical physicists to select the appropriate infill pattern, density and print orientation based on the functional requirements of a radiotherapy device.
Quantum-feedback-controlled macroscopic quantum nonlocality in cavity optomechanics
Authors: Luo Yaqin , Tan Huatang
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we propose a continuous measurement and feedback scheme to achieve strong Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering and Bell nonlocality of two macroscopic mechanical oscillators in cavity optomechanics. Our system consists of two optomechanical cavities in which two cavity fields are coupled to each other via nondegenerate parametric downconversion. The two cavity output fields are subject to continuous Bell-like homodyne detection and the detection currents are fed back to drive the cavity fields. It is found that when the feedback is absent, the two mechanical oscillators can only be prepared in steady weakly entangled states which however do not display EPR steering and Bell nonlocality, due to the so-called 3 dB limit. But when the feedback is present, it is found that the mechanical entanglement is considerably enhanced such that strong mechanical steering and Bell nonlocality can be obtained in the steady-state regime. We analytically reveal that this is because the feedback drives the mechanical oscillators into a steady approximate two-mode squeezed vacuum state, with arbitrary squeezing in principle. It is shown that the feedback can also obviously improve the purity of the nonclassical mechanical states. The dependences of the mechanical quantum nonlocality on the feedback strength and thermal fluctuations are studied, and it is found that Bell nonlocality is much more vulnerable to thermal noise than EPR steerable nonlocality.
Calibrated Kelvin-probe force microscopy of 2D materials using Pt-coated probes
Authors: Castanon Elisa G , Fernández Scarioni Alexander , Schumacher Hans W , Spencer Steve , Perry Richard , Vicary James A , Clifford Charles A , Corte-León Héctor
Published: September 2020

Nanoscale characterization techniques are fundamental to continue increasing the performance and miniaturization of consumer electronics. Among all the available techniques, Kelvin-probe force microscopy (KPFM) provides nanoscale maps of the local work function, a paramount property related to many chemical and physical surface phenomena. For this reason, this technique has being extremely employed in the semiconductor industry, and now is becoming more and more important in the growing field of 2D materials, providing information about the electronic properties, the number of layers, and even the morphology of the samples. However, although all the collective efforts from the community, proper calibration of the technique to obtain reliable and consistent work-function values is still challenging. Here we show a calibration method that improves on current procedures by reducing the uncertainty. In particular, it allows grading probes more easily, thus being a tool to calibrate and to judge calibration in itself. The calibration method is applied to optimize Pt-coated probes, which are then used to characterize the work function of a 2D material, i.e. graphite flakes. The results demonstrate that the metallic probes are stable over time and exposure to high humidity levels, and that the calibration allows comparing measurements taken with several different probes on different samples, thus completely fulfilling the requirement of a good calibration method.
Hyper-Legalism and Obfuscation: How States Evade Their International Obligations Towards Refugees
Authors: Ghezelbash Daniel
Published: September 2020

This Article examines how wealthy democratic states evade and avoid their international obligations towards refugees. The focus is on two strategies. The first is hyper-legalism—an overly formalistic bad-faith approach to interpreting international law. The second is obfuscation, which involves secrecy about what actions the government is taking and deliberate silence as to the purported legal justifications. The discussion is illustrated with examples from the United States, Australia, and Europe. The Article concludes with a discussion of possible tactics for resisting these strategies and holding governments accountable for their actions.
Nigeria's first radio astronomer
Authors: Bowler Sue
Published: September 2020

Sue Bowler explores the life and legacy of Sam Okoye, radio astronomer and early advocate of using astronomy for development.
Production of donor-derived eggs after ovarian germ cell transplantation into the gonads of adult, germ cell-less, triploid hybrid fish†
Authors: Xu Dongdong , Yoshino Tasuku , de Bello Cioffi Marcelo , Yoshikawa Hiroyuki , Ino Yasuko , Yazawa Ryosuke , dos Santos Nassif Lacerda Samyra Maria , Takeuchi Yutaka
Published: September 2020

In animals, spermatogonial transplantation in sterile adult males is widely developed; however, despite its utility, ovarian germ cell transplantation is not well developed. We previously showed that the interspecific hybrid offspring of sciaenid was a suitable model for germ cell transplantation studies as they have germ cell-less gonads. However, all these gonads have testis-like characteristics. Here, we tested whether triploidization in hybrid embryos could result in germ cell-less ovary development. Gonadal structure dimorphism and sex-specific gene expression patterns were examined in 6-month-old triploid hybrids (3nHybs). Thirty-one percent of 3nHybs had germ cell-less gonads with an ovarian cavity. cyp19a1a and foxl2, ovarian differentiation-related genes, were expressed in these gonads, whereas dmrt1 and vasa were not expressed, suggesting ovary-like germ cell-less gonad development. Some (26%) 3nHybs had testis-like germ cell-less gonads. Ovarian germ cells collected from homozygous green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic blue drum (BD) (Nibea mitsukurii) were transplanted into 6-month-old 3nHybs gonads via the urogenital papilla or oviduct. After 9 months, the recipients were crossed with wild type BD. Among the six 3nHyb recipients that survived, one female and one male produced fertile eggs and motile sperm carrying gfp-specific DNA sequences. Progeny tests revealed that all F1 offspring possessed gfp-specific DNA sequences, suggesting that these recipients produced only donor-derived eggs or sperm. Histological observation confirmed donor-derived gametogenesis in the 3nHyb recipients’ gonads. Overall, triploidization reduces male-biased sex differentiation in germ cell-less gonads. We report, for the first time, donor-derived egg production in an animal via direct ovarian germ cell transplantation into a germ cell-less ovary.
Life History and Rearing of Anastatus orientalis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), an Egg Parasitoid of the Spotted Lanternfly (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae)
Authors: Broadley Hannah J , Gould Juli R , Sullivan Liam T , Wang Xiao-yi , Hoelmer Kim A , Hickin Mauri L , Elkinton Joseph S
Published: September 2020

To support efforts to manage and contain spotted lanternfly (SLF), Lycorma delicatula White (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), research is being conducted to develop classical biological control methods. To date, two potential biocontrol agents from China have been identified: an egg parasitoid, Anastatus orientalis, and a nymphal parasitoid, Dryinus sinicus Olmi (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae). The research detailed here focuses on investigating the biology and rearing of A. orientalis to assess its potential efficacy in a biocontrol program and optimize its rearing. Female wasps lived significantly longer than male wasps (68 and 23 d, respectively) and females produced an average of 94 total progeny that successfully emerged as adults, with most progeny produced between weeks one and four of the females’ lives. The sex ratio of the progeny, with no re-mating, was initially highly female-biased but became progressively more male-biased, likely due to sperm depletion. There was no evidence of additional mortality to SLF eggs from wasp host feeding, but the data were highly variable and the sample size was small. There was high parasitoid emergence when oviposition conditions mimicked mid-September Beijing temperature and photoperiod; however, there was little emergence under 25°C and long-day conditions because most progeny entered a diapause. Storage of parasitized eggs in 5°C chill lowered parasitoid emergence rates. Lastly, there was no evidence that storing field-collected SLF egg masses in 5°C for 10 mo prior to parasitization affected parasitism rates. These findings inform our rearing protocol for A. orientalis and facilitate our testing of this species as a potential biological control agent for SLF.