bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploratory Study of Textile Undergraduates’ Knowledge and Perception towards Eco-Friendly Clothing in Bangladesh
Authors: Haq Upama Nasrin , Akhter Ite Tania
Published: February 2022

Environmentalism leads to the concept of eco-friendly clothing (EFC) and its popularity is advancing all over the world. In-depth knowledge acquisition regarding EFC has become a fundamental requirement for Bangladeshi Textile undergraduates as they are the future professionals in the EFC sector. To ascertain the knowledge level and perception of the Bangladeshi textile undergraduates regarding EFC was the aim of this study. In this exploratory study, a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data through purposive sampling from the students enrolled into the Bangladesh undergraduate Textile Engineering programme. The respondents were 282 students of the fourth year of different universities located in Dhaka city. Descriptive statistics were used to represent the findings of the research. The results showed that 82.3% of the respondents were informed about EFC, 35.8% were knowledgeable regarding EFC raw materials and 53.02% were cognisant about the production process. 89.4% of the respondents expected one particular course on EFC in curriculum and 94% wanted to contribute towards EFC in the future. The study revealed that undergraduates have a knowledge gap regarding EFC, while their willingness to learn and contribute is very optimistic. The findings suggested that the evaluation and modification of the curriculum for EFC and incorporation of EFC courses can lessen this salient gap.
Prospects for the Development of Smart Clothing with the Use of Textile Materials with Magnetic Properties
Authors: Riabchykov Mykola , Alexandrov Alexandr , Trishch Roman , Nikulina Anastasiia , Korolyova Natalia
Published: February 2022

The article studies the properties of textile materials filled with magnetite nanoparticles. These materials have great prospects for creating smart clothes. They have both magnetic and hygienic properties. Chemical transformations in the production of magnetic nanopowder are described. The end product of the process is a mixture of oxides of divalent and ferric iron. The resulting mixture has magnetic properties. Conducted micro and macro experiments showed sufficient adhesion retention strength of magnetite nanoparticles in a textile material. Microscopic studies of the attachment of magnetic particles to the fibers of a textile material have been conducted. The data obtained in express mode allow us to determine the average mass of a magnetic particle in a textile material, the total number of nanoparticles, and, accordingly, to predict the magnetic force that a textile material saturated with magnetite can possess. The existence of the magnetic properties of a textile material filled with magnetite nanoparticles has been proven. A mathematical model of the dependence of the magnetic attraction force of a textile material on the distance and the number of abrasion cycles has been developed. The directions of the use of magnetic textile materials for the creation of smart clothes are proposed. Potential uses for such materials include sportswear and textiles for the disabled. The developed methods can predict the magnetic strength of the obtained textile materials and evaluate their resistance, which is necessary in the development of smart clothing elements based on these materials.
Hubungan Ketersediaan Sanitasi Dasar terhadap Status Gizi Baduta di Desa Pelem, Bojonegoro
Authors: Basyariyah Qonita , Diyanah Khuliyah Candraning , Pawitra Aditya Sukma
Published: February 2022

Latar belakang: Sanitasi lingkungan dasar merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi status gizi baduta. Berdasarkan data dari Puskesmas Purwosari sebanyak 11 baduta memiliki status gizi kurang dan 8 diantaranya berasal dari Desa Pelem. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan ketersediaan sanitasi dasar dengan status gizi pada baduta di Desa Pelem, Bojonegoro.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Lokasi penelitian di Desa Pelem, Kecamatan Purwosari, Kabupaten Bojonegoro yang dilaksanakan pada tanggal 28 Desember 2019 – 14 Januari 2020. Sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu total dari populasi seluruh baduta sebanyak 51 anak. Variabel yang diteliti yaitu status gizi baduta, sumber air bersih, ketersediaan jamban sehat, dan kepemilikan SPAL. Data diperoleh dari hasil observasi dan wawancara yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square.Hasil: Mayoritas masyarakat Desa Pelem mengambil sumber air bersih yang berasal dari sumur (94,0%), rumah yang telah memiliki jamban sehat hanya 60,7% dan 58,8% belum memiliki SPAL. Hasil analisis menunjukkan ketersediaan jamban sehat (p=0,004 < α) dan kepemilikan SPAL (p=0,015 < α) memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap status gizi pada baduta.Simpulan: Ada hubungan antara ketersediaan jamban sehat dan kepemilikan SPAL terhadap status gizi baduta, sehingga strategi terhadap ketersediaan jamban sehat dan SPAL perlu dilakukan untuk menurunkan risiko status gizi kurang pada baduta. Title: Analysis Availability of Basic Sanitation On Nutritional Status Of Baduta In Pelem Village, Bojonegoro.Background: Environmental basic sanitation is one of the factor affect the nutritional status of baduta. Based on data from Purwosari Health Center as many as 11 baduta have undernutrition status and 8 between them are from Pelem Village.  Study aims to analyze availability of basic sanitation with nutritional status in under-fives in Pelem Village, Bojonegoro.Method: This research is an observational study with a cross sectional design. The research location was in Pelem Village, Purwosari District, Bojonegoro Regencyon 28 December 2019 – 14 January 2020. The sample in this study was the total population of all baduta with a total of 51 children. The variables studied are baduta nutritional status, availability of health latrines, and SPAL ownership. The data was obtained from observations and interviews then were analyzed using the chi-square test.Result: The majority of the people in Pelem Village took clean water from wells (94.0%), there were houses that have health latrine just 60,7% and about 58.8% did not have sewerage. Availability of healthy latrines (p=0,004 < α) and sewerage ownership (p=0,015 < α) have a significant relationship with nutritional status in under-fives.Conclusion: There is a relationship between the availability healthy latrines and sewerage ownership on the nutritional status of under-five children.
Antagonistic Effect and Mechanism of Gabapentin on Neuropathic Pain in Rats through P38 MAPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Jin Qingsong , Li Wei , Chu Xiaoli , Huang Lanji
Published: February 2022

The etiology of neuropathic pain is complex, and the patients are distressed. In order to master more accurate information in the treatment of human nerve tissue and improve the efficiency of treatment, this paper discusses the antagonistic effect of gabapentin on neuropathic pain in rats through the p38 MAPK signal pathway. Thirty-six female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups, 12 in each group. One group was spinal nerve ligation group (SNL group), gabapentin Group (GBP group, spinal nerve ligation and intraperitoneal injection of gabapentin (50 mg/kg)) and sham operation group (sham group, no spinal nerve ligation, other surgical procedures were the same as SNL group), At 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after operation, the paw contraction latency (TWL) and mechanical paw contraction threshold (MWT) were detected. Then, the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in dorsal root ganglia was detected by SPSS statistical analysis. Compared with the sham group, MWT and TWL in the SNL group and GBP group were lower at each time point after the operation (all P < 0.05). MWT and TWL in the GBP group were higher than those in the SNL group at 5 and 7 days after the operation (all P < 0.05). In addition, compared with the sham group, the expression of TLR4 in the dorsal root ganglia of the SNL group was significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the expression of TLR4 in the GBP group was not significantly increased (P > 0.05). Compared with the SNL group, the expression of TLR4 in the dorsal root ganglion of the GBP group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Thus, gabapentin combined therapy can effectively reduce the degree of pain in patients with significant efficacy, high safety and fewer adverse reactions.
MiR-181b Inhibits the Proliferation of Lymphoma Rajixi Cell Line by Regulating the Expression of Target Gene FAMLF
Authors: Lu Jingyan , Huang Xiaohong , Wang Linna , Li Yunqian
Published: February 2022

ALCL is an aggressive lymphoma. In most cases, it is diagnosed as stage II or IV in the initial diagnosis, but it has a good response to concurrent chemotherapy with epinephrine. The six-year survival rate is about 50%. This study focused on miR-181b inhibiting the proliferation of the lymphoma Rajixi cell line by regulating the expression of the target gene FAMLF. Observe the morphology of HE with an optical microscope. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on a series of lymphocyte surface markers and cytotoxic granular membranes. In 28ALCL cases, PCR detection of immunoglobulin and T cell receptor gene recombination was performed. Summarize the characteristics of ALCL clinical pathology and the main points of diagnosis and differential diagnosis in daily business, summarize the characteristics of ALK-positive and the cytotoxicity of ALCL, and conduct a preliminary investigation on the cell source, pathological organization and tumor classification. Only four ENBAI subtypes, v-Val, P-THR, V-leu, and P-ALA were detected in lymphoma tissue, and no V-Pro subtype was found. Of the 110 positive lymphomas, 107 were single-digit Rajixi 18 (33%), and the remaining 1 (14%) were double-infected Rajixi. The results show that miR-181b can inhibit the proliferation of the lymphoma Rajixi cell line by regulating the expression of the target gene FAMLF.
Expression Pattern of Ngb in Astrocytes after Spinal Cord Injury and the Clinical Significance
Authors: Liu Zengqiang , Song Bo
Published: February 2022

In the current study, we evaluated the expression pattern of neuroglobin (Ngb) in the astrocytes after spinal cord injury (SCI) and explore the clinical significance. For this purpose, a total of 48 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the SCI group (n = 40) and Sham group (n = 8). Rats in the SCI group were used to prepare the SCI models by using the modified Allen’s method, followed by the HE staining to observe the post-SCI pathological changes and immunofluorescent staining to observe the dynamic changes of Ngb in astrocytes after SCI. Then, oxidative stress injury models were constructed on the astrocytes in the spinal cord of rats by using peroxide in different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 400μmol/L), and at 6 and 12 h after treatment, the vitality of astrocytes that were treated by peroxide in different concentrations was determined using the MTT method, while the ability of astrocytes to generate radical oxygen species (ROS) was determined by using the flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of Ngb after the oxidative stress injury in astrocytes was measured by using the real-time quantitative PCR. Results of HE staining demonstrated that rats with SCI presented with the gradual transition from acute injury into the glial scar, a natural repair, while the results of immunofluorescent staining indicated that after SCI, expression of Ngb in the astrocytes experienced an increase followed by a decrease, and the peak level was attained at 14 d after SCI. Following the treatment of H2O2 at different concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200 and 400μmol/L) for 6 and 12 h, the vitality of astrocytes in the model groups was significantly lower than that in the control groups (all P < 0.05). As the concentration of H2O2 increased (50, 100, 150, 200, 400μmol/L) and exposure to H2O2 prolonged (6, 12 h), mRNA expression was firstly increased but then decreased in astrocytes in a time-dose dependent pattern (all P < 0.05). After SCI, the expression of Ngb in the astrocytes of spine was upregulated, suggesting that Ngb may be involved in the anti-oxidative stress injury in astrocytes after SCI, thereby playing as an endogenous protector of cells.
Expression Characteristics of SODD and ALG-2 as Possible Biomarkers for Evaluating Lymphatic Metastasis Potential of Hepatocarcinoma in a Mouse Model
Authors: Wang Shaoqing , Gao Feng , Sun Yurong , Yu Xiuwen , Bai Qingyang , Tang Jianwu , Wang Xianyan
Published: February 2022

Annexin A7 has been confirmed in our previous research to be an important factor in lymph node metastasis (LNM) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). SODD and ALG-2 are the binding proteins of Annexin A7 and can work in protein complexes. The present study was carried out with the constructed cell lines in mouse model of metastasis for further elaboration of possible mechanisms and identification of associated genes in the LNM of HCC. This experiment used inbred Chinese 615 mice, as well as Hca-F and Hca-P cells. Quantification of the relative messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of SODD and ALG-2 was realized by using qRT-PCR. Quantification of the protein expressions of SODD and ALG-2 was achieved by using western blot. Experimental mice (n=160) (6-8weeks old, 18-22g, SCXK [LIAO] 2008-0002) were randomly classified into four groups equally, which were separately inoculated with Hca-F, Hca-P, FAnxa7-upregulated, and PAnxa7-upregulated cells. Serum levels of SODD and ALG-2 were measured by ELISA. Immunohistochemical analysis of SODD and ALG-2 was further conducted. Tumor LNM-related factors of SODD and ALG-2 showed the same tendency in their expression correspondingly with the up-regulated expression of Annexin A7. Our experiment further explored the roles of SODD and ALG-2 based on Annexin A7 up-regulation vectors construction and the establishment of corresponding controls in vivo. Furthermore, the mouse model of primary tumors was constructed by injecting Hca-F, FAnxa7-upregulated and Hca-P, PAnxa7-upregulated cells into the mouse footpad. Mice were sacrificed at the designated time points for detecting SODD and ALG-2 expression in tumor tissue and serum samples. Collectively, our work indicates SODD in tumors and in serum and ALG-2 in serum are valuable in evaluating LNM in mice with HCC.
Effect of lncRNA SNHG15 on LPS-induced vascular endothelial cell apoptosis, inflammatory factor expression and oxidative stress by targeting miR-362-3p
Authors: Liu Guanghai , Tian Rong , Mao Hengchao , Ren Yanping
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to investigate the effect of lncRNA SNHG15 targeting miR-362-3p on LPS-induced vascular endothelial cell apoptosis, inflammatory factor expression and oxidative stress. For this purpose, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with 100 ng/mL LPS for 24 hours to establish a cell injury model. HUVECs were divided into control, LPS, LPS+si-NC, LPS+si-SNHG15, LPS+miR-NC, LPS+miR-362-3p, LPS+si-SNHG15+anti-miR-NC and LPS+si-SNHG15+anti-miR-362-3p groups. RT-qPCR was used to determine SNHG15 and miR-362-3pexpression. The cell inhibition rate was measured by the CCK-8 method; Cell apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry; the kits were employed to detect the intracellular SOD activity and the release of LDH; the ELISA method was applied to detcet the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 in the culture medium. Results showed that compared with the control group, the inhibition rate, apoptosis rate and SNHG15 expression level of HUVECs in the LPS group were increased (P<0.05), and the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and LDH in the culture medium were increased (P<0.05), SOD activity, miR-362-3p expression level, and IL-10 level in the culture medium were reduced (P<0.05). The inhibition rate and apoptosis rate of HUVECs in the LPS+si-SNHG15 group were reduced (P<0.05), and the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and LDH in the culture medium were reduced (P<0.05), SOD activity and IL-10 levels in the culture medium increased (P<0.05). The inhibition rate and apoptosis rate of HUVECs in the LPS+miR-362-3p group were reduced (P<0.05), and the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and LDH in the culture medium were reduced (P<0.05), SOD activity and IL-10 level in the culture medium increased (P<0.05). miR-362-3p directly and bound to SNHG15. Compared with the LPS+si-SNHG15+anti-miR-NC group, the inhibition rate and apoptosis rate of HUVECs in the LPS+si-SNHG15+anti-miR-362-3p group were increased (P<0.05), and the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and LDH in the culture medium were increased (P<0.05), and SOD activity and IL-10 levels in the culture medium were reduced (P<0.05). In general, silencing lncRNA SNHG15 inhibited LPS-induced vascular endothelial cell apoptosis, inflammatory factor expression and oxidative stress response by up-regulating miR-362-3p expression.
Effect of bFGF gel nano-sustained-release technology on rehabilitation effect of adult heart valve replacement
Authors: Huang Dong , Wang Di , Yin Chengyong , Tian Jun , Peng Fei , Chen Feiyun , Yang Baihui
Published: February 2022

the Due to the rapid improvement of economic level, aging and lifestyle changes, the incidence of valvular heart disease continues to increase, and the bFGF gel nano sustained-release technology plays an important role in the rehabilitation of adult heart valve replacement patients. The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of bFGF gel nano-slow release technology on the rehabilitation effect of adult heart valve replacement patients. The research object was selected from all cases of valve replacement surgery from January 2019 to January 2020, and 216 patients were divided into experimental group and control group, the experimental group carried out the sustained release of bFGF gel nanospheres. The experimental group was 49.76±8.13 years old, including 94 cases of rheumatic heart disease, 13 cases of degenerative valvular disease, and 3 cases of congenital valvular disease, a total of 110 cases. Heart performance tests were performed respectively. The results showed that the incidence of atrial fibrillation, left ventricular hypertrophy and ST-segment depression of 0.1m V in the experimental group were 32.19%, 34.48%, and 19.84%, while the corresponding data in the control group were 62.78%, 52.07%, and 45.87%. It can be seen that bFGF gel nano sustained-release technology is of great significance for the rehabilitation of adult heart valve replacement patients.
Determining the relationship between cytokeratin expression and prognostic factors in human gastric cancer
Authors: Zheng Xiaojia , Chen Pingping , Liu Yang , Wang Bin , Liu Qiquan
Published: February 2022

Determining the prognosis of gastric cancer is the most crucial step in the treatment process. Cytokeratins are intermediate filaments found in the intracellular structure of epithelial tissues. Recent researches have focused on determining the relationship between the expression of cytokeratins and the degree and prognosis of tumors. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the incidence of cytokeratin-20 and cytokeratin-7 in patients with gastric carcinoma with factors influencing the prognosis. In this regard, the study was conducted cross-sectional. The expression of cytokeratin-20 and cytokeratin-7 was evaluated on 50 gastric adenocarcinoma specimens with different degrees of differentiation by the immunohistochemical method. We determined the relationship between the incidence of cytokeratin-20 and cytokeratin-7 with factors affecting the prognosis of patients, including the degree of differentiation of gastric cancer tissue, lymph node involvement, and the depth of tumor invasion. Data were statistically analyzed by Chi-square and Spearman tests. The results showed a statistically inverse relationship between the incidence of cytokeratin-20 and cytokeratin-7 with the degree of tissue differentiation and lymph node involvement in gastric cancer. Although there was a statistically significant relationship between the incidence of tissue invasion in gastric cancer and the incidence of cytokeratin-7, there was no association between the incidence of cytokeratin-20 and tissue invasion. In general, decreased cytokeratin-20 and cytokeratin-7 are associated with decreased tissue differentiation and increased lymph node involvement.
Long-stranded non-coding RNA HCG11 regulates glioma cell proliferation, apoptosis and drug resistance via the sponge MicroRNA-144COX-2 axis
Authors: Jiang Xudong , Zhou Xiaona , Zhang Lina , Chen Gang , Li Sibo , Cao Yanfei
Published: February 2022

In the current study, we analyzed long non-coding RNA HCG11 regulates the proliferation, apoptosis and drug resistance of glioma cells by spongy microRNA-144COX-2 axis. For this purpose, glioma cells at the logarithmic growth stage were divided into blank, up-regulated and down-regulated groups. The blank group did not undergo any treatment. Bacteria were inserted into the complete culture medium of the up-regulated group and down-regulated group for co-culture for 24 h. The down-regulated group was transfected with Mir-HCG11 inhibitor. The expressions of Mir-HCG11, Mir-144-3p and COX-2 in each group were observed, and the proliferation and apoptosis of glioma cells were analyzed, and their drug resistance was analyzed. Results showed that compared with the blank group, the expression of Mir-HCG11 and Mir-144 was increased and the expression of COX-2 was decreased in the up-regulated group (P < 0.05). Compared with the up-regulated group, the down-regulated group increased the expression of Mir-HCG11 and Mir-144 and decreased the expression of COX-2 (P < 0.05). Compared with the blank group, the proliferation rate of glioma cells in the up-regulated group (24h, 48h, 72h) was increased (P < 0.05); Compared with the up-regulated group, the proliferation rate of glioma cells in the down-regulated group (24h, 48h, 72h) was decreased (P < 0.05); Compared with the blank group, apoptosis rate of glioma cells in the up-regulated group (24h, 48h, 72h) was decreased (P < 0.05); Compared with the up-regulated group, the apoptosis rate of glioma cells in the down-regulated group (24h, 48h, 72h) was increased (P < 0.05); The IC50 values of Imatinib, VP-16 and TMZ in blank group and up-regulated group was compared (P > 0.05). Compared with the blank group and up-regulated group, the IC50 values of Imatinib, VP-16 and TMZ in the down-regulated group were decreased (P < 0.05). In general, down-regulation of long non-coding RNA-HCG11 can regulate the microRNA-144COX-2 axis in glioma, thus reducing the proliferation rate of glioma cells and improving the apoptosis rate of glioma cells. In addition, down-regulation of long non-coding RNA-HCG11 is also involved in the drug resistance mechanism of Imatinib, VP-16 and TMZ chemotherapy drugs.
Kähler spaces with zero first Chern class: Bochner principle, Albanese map and fundamental groups
Authors: Claudon Benoît , Graf Patrick , Guenancia Henri , Naumann Philipp
Published: February 2022

LetXbe a compact Kähler space with klt singularities and vanishing first Chern class. We prove the Bochner principle for holomorphic tensors on the smooth locus ofX: any such tensor is parallel with respect to the singular Ricci-flat metrics. As a consequence, after a finite quasi-étale coverXsplits off a complex torus of the maximum possible dimension. We then proceed to decompose the tangent sheaf ofXaccording to its holonomy representation. In particular, we classify thoseXwhich have strongly stable tangent sheaf: up to quasi-étale covers, these are either irreducible Calabi–Yau or irreducible holomorphic symplectic. As an application of these results, we show that ifXhas dimension four, then it satisfies Campana’s Abelianity Conjecture.
Corrigendum to Intrinsic flat stability of the positive mass theorem for graphical hypersurfaces of Euclidean space (J. reine angew. Math. 727 (2017), 269–299)
Authors: Huang Lan-Hsuan , Lee Dan A. , Sormani Christina
Published: February 2022

There is an error in the proof of Theorem 1.3 of the original article.
Despite the problem, it is rigorously proved in joint work of the first two authors and Perales that Theorem 1.3 is true, using recent results of Allen and Perales that extend the work of Allen, Perales, and Sormani.
The efficacy of topical Marham-e-Akbar in chronic atopic dermatitis – an open-label interventional study
Authors: Imran Shaikh , Khalid Mohd , Husain Nazim , Khan Mohd Qudrathullah , Shaikh Shalina
Published: February 2022

Objectives

Chronic atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin condition marked by intense pruritus, dry skin, and severe impact on the life quality of the patients. Conventionally, it is managed by using emollients, calcineurin inhibitors, and topical corticosteroids. In Unani medicine, eminent scholars advocated many drug formulations including topical Marham-e-Akbar for effective healing of AD but scientific evidence is scarce. Hence, this study was designed.

Methods

This was a single-arm clinical trial conducted on 30 participants aged 18–65 years suffering from chronic AD after obtaining written informed consent. The trial intervention was Marham-e-Akbar consisting of Murdār Sang (Plumbi oxidum); Sindūr (red lead); olive oil (Olea europaea oil); Kath (Acacia catechu extract); Safeda Kāshgari (Zinc oxide); Sirka (vinegar); and Phitkirī (alum) to be applied twice daily for 42 days. The objective parameters were SCORAD and DLQI, while the subjective parameters included itching, scaling, and erythema assessed on a customized VAS scale and 4-point Likert scale.

Results

The pre-post analysis inferred statistically significant attenuation in subjective parameters (itching, scaling, and erythema) and objective scales (SCORAD) and (DLQI) with p<0.001.

Conclusions

The study findings deduced that Marham-e-Akbar is effective in the amelioration of chronic atopic dermatitis and quality of life of the patients as well.
Feasibility study of a self-consumption photovoltaic installation with and without battery storage, optimization of night lighting and introduction to the application of the DALI protocol at the University of Ibn Tofail (ENSA/ENCG), Kenitra – Morocco
Authors: Choukai Oumaima , El Mokhi Chakib , Hamed Ahmed , Ait Errouhi Ahmed
Published: February 2022

Energy is at the center of most of the major challenges of our society, but equally at the center of the promising perspectives that the world is facing. In fact, the combination of wind, water and solar energy can replace depleting fossil fuels which produce greenhouse gases on the one hand, and on the other hand cover the entire energy needs of the planet. Solar energy is both clean and non-polluting, moreover it is one of the most popular solutions for households as an alternative to fossil fuels. Therefore, the use of photovoltaic systems reduces the energy supplied by the public grid and inevitably decreases the amount of the energy invoice in the long term. Due to the increase in the number of bachelor students in recent years, the Ibn Tofail University in Kenitra, Morocco, has been required to build new buildings and laboratories to ensure a good study environment for its students. This has led to an enormous increase in the electricity bill. In this context, our project aims to decrease the energy bill of the two institutions: National School of Applied Sciences (ENSA) as well as National School of Commerce and Management (ENCG), by studying the technical and economic aspects of photovoltaic installations for self-consumption purposes, as well as the installation of solar streetlamps to improve the performance of nocturnal lighting. In addition, an initiation to the intelligent smart building concept that allows the centralized technical management of the installed equipment, and more precisely the DALI lighting protocol, was extended. Indeed, this system will allow us to control the consumption of the loads remotely and in real time for a better comfort and without neglecting the reduction of the energy bill.
Distribution of cadmium accumulated in the wood cells of poplar
Authors: Rong Gong , Liu Shengquan , Chu Yin , Yu Min
Published: February 2022

Poplar is an important tree species in the phytoremediation of Cadmium (Cd) in the soil. However, the research on its transport and accumulation mechanism in wood cells has not been conducted. In this paper, Poplar 69 [Populus deltoides Bartr. cv. ‘Lux’ (I-69/55)] was selected to study the distribution of Cd accumulated in the wood, both macroscopically, by Cd analysis along the trunk heights, and microscopically, by scanning electron microscope with energy dispersion spectrum (SEM-EDS) observation, through a pot experiment, where four treatments with different Cd application in the soil and one control without Cd addition were set. The results demonstrated that the Cd concentration in the wood of all heights increased significantly with the increase of Cd addition in the soil and it also increased, though not significantly, from the basal to the top along the trunk heights at all treatments. Through SEM-EDS Cd was found to be accumulated in the inner wall and pits of the vessels, the wood fibers, and the wood rays, indicating that Cd could enter all three types of wood cells. The distribution of Cd in the three types of wood cells followed the order as wood fiber > vessel > wood ray, based on the calculation of the proportion of Cd enrichment spots in different types of cells. About half of the Cd in the wood was stored permanently in the wood fibers with the rest being in the vessels and wood rays probably temporally.
Expanded profiling of β-lactam selectivity for penicillin-binding proteins in Streptococcus pneumoniae D39
Authors: Sharan Deepti , Carlson Erin E.
Published: February 2022

Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are integral to bacterial cell division as they mediate the final steps of cell wall maturation. Selective fluorescent probes are useful for understanding the role of individual PBPs, including their localization and activity during growth and division of bacteria. For the development of new selective probes for PBP imaging, several β-lactam antibiotics were screened, as they are known to covalently bind PBP in vivo. The PBP inhibition profiles of 16 commercially available β-lactam antibiotics were evaluated in an unencapsulated derivative of the D39 strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae, IU1945. These β-lactams have not previously been characterized for their PBP inhibition profiles in S. pneumoniae and these data augment those obtained from a library of 20 compounds that we previously reported. We investigated seven penicillins, three carbapenems, and six cephalosporins. Most of these β-lactams were found to be co-selective for PBP2x and PBP3, as was noted in our previous studies. Six out of 16 antibiotics were selective for PBP3 and one molecule was co-selective for PBP1a and PBP3. Overall, this work expands the chemical space available for development of future β-lactam-based probes for specific pneumococcal PBP labeling and these methods can be used for the development of probes for PBP labelling in other bacterial species.
Anisotropic size change during continuous quenching and deep freezing of tool steel *
Authors: Berns H. , Pinto H.
Published: February 2022

The size change of a low carbon maraging steel and of a ledeburitic cold work tool steel produced by ingot (IN) or powder metallurgy (PM) was measured by dilatometry using specimens taken in longitudinal or transverse direction of hot working. The anisotropy of the size change during martensitic transformation ΔεM was negative for the maraging and the PM steel, but positive for the IN steel and the more so, if the cooling rate was raised by injecting liquid nitrogen during quenching to −150 °C. The microstructure and texture was investigated by high resolution SEM equipped with microprobe analysis and respective imaging as well as by EBSD. The results show that Δεis not related to a texture M of the martensitic matrix but to a microstructural banding caused by microsegregation and hot working. The alignment of the eutectic M7 C3 carbides in the direction of hot working coincides with their texture.
Quenching cracks in medium carbon steel initiated at manganese sulfide inclusions
Authors: Temmel C. , Karlsson B. , Ingesten N.-G.
Published: February 2022

Quench crack propensity has been investigated for two identical medium carbon steels (50CrMo4) which only differed in sulfur content. The standard variant of the material was affected by manganese sulfide inclusions whereas the low sulfur material was essentially free of sulfides. 80 mm, cylindrical test specimens were used. The test specimens had been cut out of cross rolled steel plates in which the manganese sulfide were flattened to discoid shape. The specimen orientation was in direction of principal deformation where the flattened sulfides were aligned with the test specimen axis. The largest sulfides reached lengths of 150 μm.

Both materials were austenitized at 850 °C for 60 minutes, quenched in a salt-bath at 180 °C and immediately annealed at 425 °C for one hour. It turned out that the standard material developed quench cracks which initiated at manganese sulfide. No cracks could be found in the low sulfur material. Thermal and transformational stresses, which develop during quenching, aggravate the stress situation around the manganese sulfide and cause the cracking. The results are interpreted in fracture mechanical terms.
Vermeidung von Sperrschichten auf nitrierten Bauteilen – Eine Anleitung zum Handeln
Authors: Blum T. , Chaban M. , Braun R. , Huchel Uwe , Klümper-Westkamp Heinrich
Published: February 2022

Die lebhafte Diskussion zu Fragen der Prozessfähigkeit in der Wärmebehandlung führte bereits im Jahr 2005 beim AWT-Fachausschuss 3, „Nitrieren und Nitrocarburieren“, zur Bildung einer Arbeitsgruppe, die einen Vorschlag zur Festlegung der Prozessfähigkeit für die thermochemischen Wärmebehandlungsverfahren Nitrieren und Nitrocarburieren erarbeitet und veröffentlicht hat. Es wurde gezeigt, dass ganz bestimmte Anforderungen an das Bauteil selbst, den Herstellungsprozess und an die Wärmebehandlungsanlage zu stellen sind. Es ist zwischen einer Prozessfähigkeit der Bauteile und einer Prozessfähigkeit der Anlage zu unterscheiden.

In einer neuen Ausarbeitung „Vermeidung von Sperrschichten auf nitrierten Bauteilen – Eine Anleitung zum Handeln“ hat eine fünfköpfige Arbeitsgruppe sich diesem Thema gewidmet. Das Ergebnis der Arbeit ist in dieser Ausgabe nachfolgend veröffentlicht. Im Internet steht die Anleitung auf der Seite des FA 3 der AWT zum Download bereit.
Schoolchildren’s Right to Education and Freedom of Religion in the Case Law of the ECtHR: Comments on Papageorgiou v Greece
Authors: Milios Georgios
Published: February 2022

The article deals with the schoolchildren’s right to education and freedom of religion in the case law of the ECtHR, with a special focus on the case Papageorgiou v Greece adopted in October 2019. In the case at hand, the applicants challenged the content of the religious courses in Greece as well as the opt-out procedure offered for parents who did not wish their children to participate in the religious course. The Court concluded that the exemption procedure violated Art 2 of Protocol 1 of the ECHR. After examining previous case law of the ECtHR on similar cases, the article focuses on the most striking parts of the Court’s judgment in Papageorgiou. In particular, the ECtHR only considered the exemption procedure from the courses offered, and made no reference to, or examination of, the courses themselves. In addition, the perspective related to the right to private life is also missing. The article concludes by commenting that the Court’s judgment had already had an impact on the case law of the Greek Supreme Administrative Court.
Convicted Individuals as a Group Stigmatised by the State in the Case Law of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Latvia
Authors: Osipova Sanita
Published: February 2022

This research aims at analysing the Constitutional Court’s case law in respect of restrictions on the fundamental rights of convicted individuals in correlation with society’s view of convicts. To do so, along with the methods of legal science (analysis of legal provisions and case law) the research uses sociological concepts, methods, and sources. The fundamental rights of an individual require the State to protect every individual’s human dignity in equal measure. However, even modern-day society still stigmatises particular groups of individuals, restricting their rights without good reason. The case law of the Constitutional Court of Latvia marks convicted individuals as a stigmatised group with limited rights. In the cases analysed, not even the minimum standards of fundamental rights protecting personal privacy were applied to persons serving a sentence for serious offences, with no individual assessment provided for, because society’s opinion, among other things, denies prisoners such fundamental rights. Furthermore, the convicted individuals may suffer from a life-long stigma as they keep being restricted in their rights – eg the rights to employment or to family life – even after the conviction is expunged. The State has to realise: if it limits the possibilities for convicted individuals to lead life with enjoying full rights, the probability of repeated offences by such individuals will be higher. By unreasonably restricting inclusion of convicted individuals in its life, society endangers rather than protects itself.
Treaties in the Philippine Constitutional System
Authors: Desierto Diane A
Published: February 2022

International law has always had a dual significance to the Philippine constitutional system. On the one hand, the frequent articulation of international law principles within modern Philippine constitutional norms, statutes, and administrative rules demonstrate an outward-looking normative ethos – one I have described in other scholarship to be consistent with the 1987 Philippine Constitution’s ‘universalist history’. On the other hand, the considerable volume of Philippine jurisprudence applying international law norms to date overwhelmingly illustrate how Philippine litigants have strategically deployed international law (most especially international human rights law) over the years, as an acceptable external legal basis to hold Philippine government leaders to account under the vastly expanded judicial review doctrine in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. This active individual and group resort to adjudication and legislation could explain why international law has flourished under the postcolonial and post-dictatorship 1987 Philippine Constitution. This comprehensive jurisprudential, statutory, and constitutional analysis aims to show how, and to what degree, Philippine legal culture and history reflect a continuing deep engagement with international law, in ways that are certainly unique to the Philippines’ evolving political ideologies, colonial and postcolonial history, treatment, and implementation of international treaties within the Philippine constitutional system. Most importantly, the absence of explicit methodology for the breadth of constitutional interpretation of the Incorporation Clause under the 1987 Philippine Constitution warrants normative rethinking, so as not to uniformly open the floodgates to hard international law sources (eg treaties, customs, general principles) as well as softer international instruments lacking the requisite State consent to the binding quality of such sources within the Philippine legal system. To this end, I make three proposals on how the Philippine Supreme Court could define an explicit methodology for use and interpretation of the Incorporation Clause, transparently refer to other foreign and international sources, and openly reassess its ideological bases for recognition of international law in the Philippine constitutional system, as part of the Court’s distinct judicial function.
Corrosion behavior of hydroxyapatite coated AZ31 and AZ91 Mg alloys by electrostatic spray coating
Authors: Baslayici Serkan , Bugdayci Mehmet , Benzesik Kagan , Yucel Onuralp , Acma Mahmut Ercan
Published: February 2022

Magnesium and its alloys are excellent implant material candidates with their biodegradable structure and mechanical properties close to human bone. In order to provide the desired strength in implant applications, the corrosion resistance of the materials is expected to be high. In this study, to improve the corrosion resistance of AZ31 and AZ91 magnesium alloys, an electrostatic hydroxyapatite coating process was applied, and optimum conditions were determined. The samples were structurally characterized by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and stereo microscopy methods, and their corrosion behavior was determined by the weight loss method. As a result of the coating, the corrosion resistance of the samples increased up to 250 %.
Investigation of the influence of the energy conditions of pulsed plasma-chemical synthesis on the morphological and structural properties of copper-containing silica-based nanocomposites
Authors: Ponomarev Denis , Kholodnaya Galina , Sazonov Roman , Lapteva Olga , Konusov Fedor , Gadirov Ruslan
Published: February 2022

This paper presents the results of a study of the effect of energy conditions (additional heating of the walls of the reaction chamber and subsequent action of an electron beam on the synthesized powder) of pulsed plasma-chemical synthesis on the morphology, average geometric size, phase and chemical composition of copper-containing silica-based nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were synthesized using a TEA-500 pulsed electron accelerator. It was the first time that copper-containing silica-based nanocomposites had been prepared using the pulsed plasma-chemical synthesis. The values of the band gap for the as-prepared nanocomposites were calculated. The nanocomposites were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The analysis revealed the changes in the morphology and phase composition of the nanocomposites upon energy conditions.
Effect of Conversion on Chain Addition Copolymerizations Performed in a Backmixed Drag Flow Extruder Reactor
Authors: Grenci J. , Todd D. B.
Published: February 2022

The use of a drag flow device such as a twin screw extruder for polymerization and/or copolymerization processes has been studied extensively over the years. Due to the high viscosities (100 to 100 000 poise) that are produced, poor backmixing is experienced in these drag flow devices. As a result, these studies have shown the extruder reactor to exhibit a ‘‘plug flow’’ behavior. A drag flow device has been developed that achieves good backmixing with high viscosity materials. This device incorporates two counter-rotating, nonintermeshing, screws; one screw conveying material forward, while the other conveying material backward.

Theory suggests that in a plug flow reactor the copolymer composition varies (drifts) as a function of time (position) in the reactor in most cases. Conversely in a micromixed continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) the copolymer produced does not drift as a function with position in the reactor. It has also been shown that this drift in copolymer composition becomes more pronounced at higher conversion. Experiments were performed in a counter-rotating nonintermeshing twin screw extruder using the ‘‘backmixed’’ configuration and a ‘‘conventional’’ configuration. Two copolymer systems were investigated; butyl acrylate/styrene and butyl acrylate/butyl methacrylate. The copolymerizations were conducted at three residence times for each system and configuration to provide materials of a wide variety of conversions (13 to 97 %). Monomer samples were taken at two ports in the extruder and at the die. Samples were analyzed for composition by two methods; FTIR and refractive index (RI).

It was shown that the copolymer composition of samples produced in the backmixed extruder reactor does not change significantly as a function of position in the reactor. This is an indication that the copolymer composition does not drift in the reactor. Theoretically this is the behavior that exists with a chain addition copolymerization that occurs in a CSTR. Two methods (RI, FTIR) were used in the copolymer formulation (BA/Sty) and one method (FTIR) was used in the other copolymer formulation (BA/BMA). It was further shown that the difference in copolymer compositions in the two extruder reactors is more pronounced at higher conversions than at lower conversions.
Numerical Simulation of Compression Molding of UHMWPE
Authors: Parasnis N. C. , Ramani K.
Published: February 2022

In part I of this paper a thermal model was used for temperature predictions within a compression molded disc. A process simulated laminate technique was used to measure residual stresses. The fast cooling cycle produced high residual stresses (∼10 MPa). The slow cooling cycle produced low residual stresses (∼1 MPa). The cycle with soak at crystallization also produced low residual stresses (∼2.6 MPa). The modeled and measured values were in close agreement. A major portion of the residual stresses (∼70 %) was developed within a short time period (∼10 min) after the end of crystallization for all the cycles.
Process parameter optimization for Fused Filament Fabrication additive manufacturing of PLA/PHA biodegradable polymer blend
Authors: Mustafa Muhammad Salman , Muneer Muhammad Arslan , Zafar Muhammad Qasim , Arif Muhammad , Hussain Ghulam , Siddiqui Farrukh Arsalan
Published: February 2022

Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is a widely embraced material extrusion (MEX) additive manufacturing (AM) process to produce complex three-dimensional structures, and it is typically used in the fabrication of biodegradable polymers for biomedical applications. However, FFF as a fabrication process for blended polymeric materials needs to be optimized for enhanced mechanical properties. In this work, biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA)/polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) dog-bone and notched specimens are printed to determine optimum printing parameters for superior mechanical properties in FFF additive manufacturing. The effect of layer thickness, infill density, and printing bed temperature on mechanical properties is investigated by employing a design of experiments (DoE) approach using response surface methodology (RSM). Experimental results showed the significance of the opted parameters for mechanical properties of the PLA/PHA blend. Then, optimum values for layer thickness, infill density, and printing bed temperature are identified for tensile and impact strength and an empirical relationship between parameters is formulated for low density and cost-effective fabrication. Finally, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) is performed to check the adequacy of the model for the influence of process parameters and their mutual interactions. The verification experiments validated the adequacy of the proposed model for PLA/PHA blend in FFF additive manufacturing.