bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glucolipotoxicity-induced Oxidative Stress is Related to Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Apoptosis of Pancreatic β-cell
Authors: Vela-Guajardo Jorge E. , Garza-González Salvador , García Noemí
Published: November 2020

:

Glucolipotoxicity-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction of pancreatic
β-cells are some of the mechanisms that have been related to the low insulin secretion and cell
death during diabetes development. In early or non-chronic stages, the pancreatic β-cells respond
to hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia, stimulating insulin secretion. However, the chronic effect of
both leads to glucolipotoxicity, which induces constant overstimulation of pancreatic β-cells, a condition
that leads to cell death by apoptosis. The mechanism described, at this moment, is the accelerated
mitochondrial dysfunction triggered by the high production of reactive oxygen species
(ROS) due to excess nutrients. At first, mitochondria respond to over-nutrition accelerating oxygen
consumption and consequently increasing the ATP synthesis. A permanent increase of ATP/ADP
ratio leads to a constant inhibition of K+
ATP-channel and, therefore, a continuous insulin secretion accompanied
by an increase in ROS. Finally, ROS accumulation compromises mitochondrial function
due to the uncontrolled oxidation of proteins, lipids, and DNA generating functional alterations
such as a drop of membrane potential, deregulation of mitochondrial dynamics, low rate of
ATP synthesis and consequently the cell death. This review aims to describe the effect of glucolipotoxicity-
induced oxidative stress and its relationship with mitochondrial dysfunction in β-cell during
type 2 diabetes development.
Herbal Medicines for Diabetes Management and its Secondary Complications
Authors: Kumar Shubham , Mittal Anu , Babu Dinesh , Mittal Amit
Published: November 2020

:

Diabetic Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that is concerning for people all over the
world. DM is caused due to lack of insulin or ineffective production of insulin in the pancreas. A total
of 463 million people were reported to have diabetes mellitus in 2019 and this number is predicted
to rise up to 578 million by the year 2030 and 700 million by 2045. High blood sugar gives rise
to many complications like diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, atherosclerosis, hypercoagulability,
cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia,
cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease, foot damage, skin complications,
Alzheimer’s disease, hearing impairment, and depression. These life-threatening complications
make diabetes more severe than other diseases. Many synthetic drugs have been developed, but
still, a complete cure is not provided by any of the molecules. Continuous use of some synthetic
agents causes severe side effects, and thus the demand for non-toxic, affordable drugs still persists.
Traditional treatments have been an extremely valued source of medicine all over human history.
These are extensively used throughout the world, indicating that herbs are a growing part of modern
and high-tech medicines. The World Health Organization (WHO) has listed a total of 21,000
plants, which are used for medicinal purposes around the world. Among them, more than 400
plants are available for the treatment of diabetes. Despite the fact that there are many herbal drugs
available for treating diabetes, only a small number of these plants have undergone scientific and
medical evaluation to assess their efficacy. Trigonella foenum-graecum, Allium sativum, Caesalpinia
bonduc, Ferula assafoetida,etc., are some of the medicinal plants used for antidiabetic therapy.
The presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, terpenoids, and coumarins is responsible for the
antidiabetic nature of the medicinal plants. These constituents have shown a reduction in blood glucose
levels. Pycnogenol, acarbose, miglitol, and voglibose are some of the examples of marketed
drugs, which are obtained from natural origin and used as antidiabetic drugs. The active principles
derived from the plants work through many antidiabetic mechanisms, which include inhibition of
α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B activities. One of the major advantages
of herbal drugs is the low level of side effects attributed to these medicines, and this attracted
various researchers to develop new molecules for the treatment of diabetes. In this review, recent
advances in the field of herbal drugs to treat diabetes, prevent secondary complications from arising
due to diabetes, and various herbal molecules in different stages of clinical trials will be emphasized
upon.
Hepatic Mediators of Lipid Metabolism and Ketogenesis: Focus on Fatty Liver and Diabetes
Authors: Fernandes Gustavo W. , Bocco Barbara M. L. C.
Published: November 2020

Background:

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disorder that it is caused by the
absence of insulin secretion due to the inability of the pancreas to produce it (type 1 diabetes; T1DM),
or due to defects of insulin signaling in the peripheral tissues, resulting in insulin resistance
(type 2 diabetes; T2DM). Commonly, the occurrence of insulin resistance in T2DM patients reflects
the high prevalence of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in these individuals.
In fact, approximately 60% of T2DM patients are also diagnosed to have NAFLD, and this
condition is strongly linked with insulin resistance and obesity. NAFLD is the hepatic manifestation
of obesity and metabolic syndrome and includes a spectrum of pathological conditions, which
range from simple steatosis (NAFL), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and hepatocellular
carcinoma. NAFLD manifestation is followed by a series of hepatic lipid deregulations and
the main abnormalities are increased triglyceride levels, increased hepatic production of VLDL and
a reduction in VLDL catabolism. During the progression of NAFLD, the production of ketone
bodies progressively reduces while hepatic glucose synthesis and output increases. In fact, most of
the fat that enters the liver can be disposed of through ketogenesis, preventing the development of
NAFLD and hyperglycemia.

Objective:

This review will focus on the pathophysiological aspect of hepatic lipid metabolism
deregulation, ketogenesis, and its relevance in the progression of NAFLD and T2DM.

Conclusion:

A better understanding of the molecular mediators involved in lipid synthesis and ketogenesis
can lead to new treatments for metabolic disorders in the liver, such as NAFLD.
Therapeutic Monitoring of Plasma Digoxin for COVID-19 Patients Using a Simple UPLC-MS/MS Method
Authors: Xing Yaru , Yin Lin , Guo Mingquan , Shi Huichun , Qi Tangkai , Wang Lin , Kong Ziqing , Li Yingying , Liu Pengyun , Lu Hongzhou , Zhang Lijun
Published: November 2020

Background:

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been reported in 8%-16% of patients
with 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Digoxin is one of the main drugs to treat CVD.

Objective:

The clinician conducted therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of digoxin according to the
drug usage on patients to monitor the concentration of digoxin, so as to avoid its toxic and side effects,
and provide a theoretical reference for clinical usage of digoxin in patients with COVID-19.

Methods:

A method for quantifying digoxin concentration in plasma with ultra-performance liquid
chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed. After simple protein
precipitation of plasma with methanol, digoxin and its internal standard (digoxin-d3) were detected
in the positive ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring.

Results:

Plasma digoxin in the range of 0.2-10 ng/mL had good linearity. The UPLC-MS/MS
method was validated with inter-run accuracies ranging from 91.3% to 107.4% and precision less
than 13%. Nine plasma samples (5 at valley concentration and 4 at follow-up after stopping dosing)
from three patients with COVID-19 were tested. The mean plasma digoxin concentration was
0.73 ng/mL (ranged from 0 to 1.31 ng/mL). Digoxin was detected at the concentration of 0.93
ng/mL after stopping drug administration for 14 days.

Conclusion:

In this study, we established a simple UPLC-MS/MS method using protein-precipitation
to perform TDM of digoxin in patients with COVID-19, and found that about 56% of digoxin
plasma concentration was within the treatment window (0.8-2.0 ng/mL). Digoxin can be remained
in the body for nearly 14 days in severe patients with COVID-19 after stopping dosing.
An Insight Review of Internet of Things (IoT) Protocols, Standards, Platforms, Applications and Security Issues
Authors: Ibrahim Qutaiba , Lazim Sahar
Published: November 2020

Internet of Things is considered a promising and challenging system that needs modern
types of protocols and architectures different from conventional networks. This paper aims to provide
an inclusive, concise, plain, and precise insight of IoT foundations for the novice and to introduce
guidelines for application developers and researchers to be capable of choosing quickly the right protocol
at different structural IoT layers and correct hardware/software platform for various applications.
The contributions of this review provide the classification for the most widespread suggested IoT architectures.
Besides, it summarizes the basic IoT components with their roll into multi-layered architecture.
Furthermore, it presents the classification of layers basis for prevalent protocols with the comparison
among different protocols at each layer in the IoT domain. Subsequently, IoT applications
taxonomy is introduced and the most relevant use-cases are compared. Likewise, at the respective 4-
Layer architecture of IoT, the security issues and policies are discussed concisely. Besides, the potential
attacks and their countermeasures are tabularized and some of the research challenges with their
solutions are identified. Lastly, to ensure that the conducted review is different, the comparison with
other relevant reviews and surveys which came out from the last three years is made.
Comparison of the In vitro Activities of Ceftazidime/Avibactam with Other Drugs Used to Treat Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Amer Wesam Hatem , Elshweikh Samah Abdel Rahman , Hablas Nahed Ahmad , Montasser Karim Abdelfattah , Khalil Haidy Samir
Published: November 2020

Background & Objective::

Our goal was to compare the in vitro activities of ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) to
those observed in response to other drugs used to treat carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE).

Methods::

Bacterial isolates collected from intensive care unit patients with hospital-acquired infections were identified using
the VITEK 2TMCompact 15. Susceptibility testing for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. was performed using Kirby-
Bauer disk diffusion and the VITEK2 system. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) E-test strips were used to examine
susceptibility to fosfomycin, colistin, and CZA. Detection of carbapenemase in isolates of Enterobacteriaceae was performed
using the modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) and multiplex polymerase chain reaction.

Results::

A full 62.5% of the Enterobacteriaceae isolates were CRE. The sensitivity and specificity of mCIM were 98.3%
and 100%, respectively, with positive predictive and negative predictive values and accuracy at 100%, 97.3%, and 98.96%,
respectively. The most prevalent of the carbapenemase genes was blaKPC which was detected in 46.7% of all isolates and in
83.3% of those identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae. CRE were most sensitive to colistin (96.7%), CZA (80%) and tigecycline
(71.7%) (p<0.001). The MIC50 for CZA (≤0.016 μg/mL) was the lowest of all the drugs evaluated, followed by colistin
(1 μg/mL) and tigecycline (2 μg/mL). All metallo-ß-lactamase-negative isolates were sensitive to CZA.

Conclusions::

mCIM is sensitive, specific, inexpensive and easy to perform; as such, it an ideal method for identification of
carbapenem-resistant strains. Our results suggest that CZA may be a good choice for treating infections with CRE if therapeutic
options are limited.
Surgical Site Infections are the Pool of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria: Evidence from a Tertiary Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Sanjib , Khadka Sujan , Sapkota Sanjeep , Adhikaree Neetu , Shrestha Barsha , Parajuli Ashish
Published: November 2020

Background:

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are the leading nosocomial infections and
important cause of morbidity and mortality in surgical patients.

Objective:

The present study was conducted to investigate the bacterial etiology of SSIs and determine
the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was conducted between July to November 2019 on 105 patients
suspected of having SSIs. Wound swabs were collected aseptically using sterile cotton
swabs and processed in suitable culture media following the standard operative protocols. Antibiotic
susceptibility testing was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique following Clinical
and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.

Results:

Out of 105 samples collected, 69 showed growth and 77 bacterial isolates were documented
altogether. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus 46 (59.74%)
followed by E. coli 9 (11.68%). The antimicrobial profile of the isolates revealed that 61.04%
were MDR, 25.80% were ESBL producers and 9.68% were carbapenemase producers.

Conclusion:

High prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial isolates associated with SSIs warrants
the need for aseptic techniques during and after surgical procedures and judicious use of antibiotics.
The Potency of Pluchea indica Less as Preventive Effort to Lead (Pb) Pertubation on Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Organs
Authors:   Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan dan Pusat Studi Biopeptida Perangkat Deteksi Medis dan Vaksin (BIODET - Vaksin), Universitas Brawijaya Indonesia, Aulanni’am Aulanni’am , Julianto Andri ,   Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Brawijaya Indonesia, Dewi Made Artari ,   Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Brawijaya Indonesia, Dirgahariyawan Tri Cahyo ,   Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Brawijaya Indonesia, Mahdi Chanif ,   Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Brawijaya Indonesia, Wuragil Dyah Kinasih ,   Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Brawijaya Indonesia, Herawati Herawati ,   Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Brawijaya Indonesia
Published: November 2020

Lead (Pb) is one of the heavy m metals polluting the environment which is harmful to t the organism. Pb accumulation triggers free radic cals and disrupts the body's metabolism. Pluche indic ca leaf extract is reported contain flavonoids whiich act as antioxidants and can counteract free radiccal attacks. The purpose of this study was to de etermine the role of Pluchea indica leaf extract preve entive therapy in counteracting free radicals due too exposure to Pb in rats (Rattus norvegicus). Wistar mmale rats aged of 8-10 weeks with a body weight of about 200-250 grams. Rats were divided into 5 tr reatment groups, were group A as negative contr rol, group B as positive control induced by lead (Pb)) 10 mg/rat/day, groups C,D,E given with ethano olic extract of Pluche indica leavesof 200 mg/kgBW, , 400 mg/kgBW, and 600 mg/kgBW and lead (Pb b) exposure of 10mg/ rat/day. Kidney, liver and jejunaal histopathology using HE staining was observed microscopically. The results showed that the administtration of Pluche indica leaves extract could preve ent tissue damage to the kidney, liver and jejunum in rats exposured to Pb. Dose of 600 mg/kgBW show wed histopathological improvement in kidney, liver annd jejunum. The greater the dose, the better prev ention of tissue damage as indicated by tissue condition resembling those of control rats. The conclusion of this study, the Pluchea indica leaf extract has the potential to prevent organ damaged exposed to lead.
Detection of Hydroureter in Rat After Medial and Distal Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Using Ultrasound Frequency 10 MHz
Authors:   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya Indonesia, Rickyawan Nofan , Arifianto Dinar ,   Dep. Patologi Klinik Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Gadjah Mada, Adji Dhirgo ,   Dep. Ilmu Bedah dan Radiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Gadjah Mada
Published: November 2020

Unilateral ureteral obstruction can occur in all animals and it is located proximal, medial and distal. Obstruction causes abnormalities in ipsilateral ureters in the form of hydrouterers. The aim of this study was to detect hydroureters in post-unilateral medial and distal ureteric rats using a 10 MHz ultrasonography frequency. Thirty-six female Sprague Dawley rats aged 3 months were divided into 3 treatment groups. Each group consisted of 12 individuals. Group I as a control received laparotomy treatment. Group II laparotomy with medial right-hand ureteral ligation and group III with right distal ureteral ligation. Three rats taken randomly from each group at weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4 post-ligation is then performed ultrasonography. The results of ultrasonography were analyzed descriptively, comparatively but ureteral diameter were analyzed using statistical of 3x4 factorial patterns. Ultrasound examination showed that ligation in one ureter caused rat undergoing unilateral ureteral obstruction and hidroureter. The diameter of the ureter with a hydroureter has increased from the 1st to 4th week. The increase occurs because the urine in the lumen cannot be excreted. The contralateral ureter remains normal and cannot be observed. The conclusion of the study is that hydroureter in rats can be detected using the frequency of 10 MHz ultrasonography which is characterized by anekoic tubular formation posterior to the right kidney. The unilateral ureteral obstruction has no effect on the contralateral ureter because it is still able to compensate for the performance of the ipsilateral ureter that has a hydroureter. The difference in the location of ligation and time of examination affect the increase in ipsilateral ureteral diameter.
Incidence Rate of Fascioliosis during Idul Adha 1440 H in Malang City
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya Indonesia, Paramanandi Dini Agusti , Wisesa I Bagus Gde Rama ,   Laboratorium Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya Indonesia, Kusumarini Shelly ,   Laboratorium Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya Indonesia
Published: November 2020

As an annual Muslim celebration, Eid al-Adha Feast is celebrated every year in Malang City. In 2019 feast, animals were sacrificed in Malang City consisting of 1202 cattle, 3572 goats and 302 sheep. Antemortem and postmortem examination were very important steps to ensure the quality of consumable animal product produced during the feast. The importance of these examination was to prevent zoonotic food-borne and transmissible disease from contaminated animal product to other livestocks nearby. Fascioliosis was listed into routine disease check due to its potential to reduce the quality of animal product, especially the liver. This study was held in 5 sub-districts in Malang City according to descriptive data collected by interview and structural questionnaire as well as visual observation. The result showed that fascioliosis happened in 26,03% of cattle, 2,93% of goats, and 1,32% of sheep being slaughtered. We also analized several risk factors influencing fascioliosis incidence rate such as body score condition and age. The fascioliosis tent to happen in medium and mature animal by age in respectively 31,62% of cattle, 54,28% of goats, and 75% of sheep. Thus, prevention and curative evaluation of fascioliosis should be continuously developed in order to provide excellent animal products.
Conjunctivitis in a Juvenile Red-Eared Slider (Trachemys scripta elegans)
Authors:   Student of Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Govendan Puveanthan Nagappan , Purbantoro Steven Dwi ,   Student of Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Udayana University, Bali, Loa Gabriella Jenni Alfades ,   Student of Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Udayana University, Bali, Erika Erika ,   Student of Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Udayana University, Bali, Christiani Zefanya ,   Student of Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Udayana University, Bali, Naomi Carene ,   Student of Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Udayana University, Bali, Sunusi Sulham ,   Student of Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Udayana University, Bali, Mukti I Made Beratha ,   Student of Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Udayana University, Bali
Published: November 2020

Conjunctivitis is a common problem among red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) with improper husbandry care. A 30 grams T. s. elegans was presented with complaints of anorexia, dullness, inflamed, and closed eyes. The owner informed that the turtle was kept indoors without ultraviolet B (UVB) light or sunlight exposure and the water was not changed by the owner for a week. Clinical examination showed inflammation and watery discharge was found on the left eye. Conjunctivitis was diagnosed based on history and clinical examination. Treatments consist of topical antibiotic drops, vitamin A and B-complex, and husbandry care improvement. The turtle started eating five days after treatment. Ten days after the treatment the turtle was brought back for a checkup and eye have recovered.
Effectiveness of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) and Turmeric (Curcuma domestica) Extract towards Wound Healing in Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors:   Laboratorium Bedah dan Radiologi Veteriner, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, Widyawati Ratna , Palgunadi H. Bagus Uda ,   Laboratorium Parasit, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, Yunia Reissa ,   Laboratorium Bedah dan Radiologi Veteriner, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to determine the effect of snakehead fish extracts (Channa striata) and turmeric extract (Curcuma domestica) towards incision wound healing in rats (Rattus norvegicus). Twenty-four male rats, aged 8-week-old, 200-300 grams of body weight divided into 4 groups: control (P0), treatment with povidone iodine as positive control (P1), treatment with snakehead fish extract (P2) and treatment with turmeric extract (P3). The rats were given premedication consisting of acepromazine 0.5 mg kg / BW and atropine 10 mg / kg BW. The rats were then anesthetized using ketamine 0.1 mg / kg BW. An incision was made on each rats’ back area along 2 cm with 0.05 mm depth and observed for 14 days. Observations were carried out every day with data collection at <7 days, 7-14 days, and 14 days. The One-Way ANOVA statistical analysis resulted that the wound fluid parameters and the duration of wound healing showed no significant difference between P0, P1, P2 and P3. This study concluded that the administration of povidone iodine, snakehead fish extract, and turmeric extract influenced the healing of incision wounds in rats.
Reflexión epistemológica en estudiantes de post título en fisioterapia/kinesiología según el modelo función-disfunción
Authors: Escobar-Cabello Máximo , Maureira-Pareja Hernán
Published: November 2020

Este estudio indaga la argumentación de una cohorte de estudiantes al inicio de su post título. Tratándose de profesionales que buscan mayor validación, es atendible conocer los alcances que entrega la reflexión epistemológica en un marco institucionalizado que por tradición es desfavorable. Con el consentimiento de los estudiantes del post título Función-Disfunción Ventilatoria 2018, y a través de la construcción de un ensayo modificado que recibió el apoyo previamente de contenidos cognitivos, procedimentales y actitudinales atingentes a la temática, se realizó un análisis de contenido para identificar las categorías consideradas como relevantes para la obtención de la condición de experticia profesional. En los hallazgos, se asigna y destaca el reconocimiento explícito de las bases epistemológicas tributarias a los fundamentos que organizan consecuencias y efectos sustantivos para el post título en cuestión. Finalmente, se discuten las variables relacionadas y necesarias para demarcar la especialidad y las consecuencias de su responsabilidad social.
La era del big data en las relaciones públicas y su práctica profesional en Perú
Authors: Flores Cabello Luz María
Published: November 2020

El artículo pretende determinar cómo se encuentra la práctica profesional del relacionista público en Perú, en  l contexto de la era del big data y la automatización digital, frente a los demás países de Latinoamérica. El objetivo de la investigación es conocer los beneficios y desventajas de la herramienta del big data en el ámbito de la comunicación estratégica y su uso en la práctica profesional. De igual manera, la finalidad de este artículo es conocer cómo está familiarizado el consultor peruano con estas herramientas para el logro de sus metas comunicacionales. Esta investigación aplicó un análisis de los resultados del trabajo desarrollado por Latin American Communication Monitor, el cual examina las tendencias y retos de la comunicación estratégica a través de un cuestionario aplicado a profesionales de relaciones públicas y gestión de comunicación. El resultado hallado en las estadísticas mostradas presenta que Perú, en contraste con otros países latinoamericanos, como Colombia y México, se encuentra en la cola de la automatización a causa de un reducido conocimiento del uso del big data en la elaboración de sus estrategias de comunicación. La información muestra que existe conciencia de su importancia, pero su uso es bajo entre los profesionales encuestados. Básicamente, este conocimiento se circunscribe al monitoreo de la analítica de datos para redes sociales y canales de comercio electrónico. La perspectiva que esta investigación abre a futuro es identificar la manera en que esta tecnología permite que la inteligencia se aplique en novedosas estrategias de comunicación corporativa.
Retratos familiares en las colecciones de la reina María de Hungría: semejanza, afectos y poder
Authors: MARTÍNEZ MARÍN Cruz María
Published: November 2020

Este artículo estudia los retratos familiares en las colecciones de la reina María de Hungría, una de las grandes coleccionistas de arte del Renacimiento Europeo. En un contexto en el que los retratos familiares reforzaban el poder femenino, la colección se somete a los interrogantes de qué objetos fueron promovidos para el recuerdo y contemplación privadas. Por último, otras obras de arte como esculturas, genealogías iluminadas, algunas medallas y juegos de ajedrez se interpretan como retratos al servicio de la legitimación dinástica.
Towards a framework to understand the relative performance of state-owned firms
Authors: Estrin Saul
Published: November 2020

This paper considers the factors influencing the comparative performance of
state-owned and privately-owned enterprises (SOE/POE). The economics
literature has argued that firm performance is influenced by governance
arrangements, leading to expectations of inferior performance from SOEs.
Meanwhile, a political economy literature classifies countries according to
the model of state engagement, which also has implications for SOE
performance. We combine these two frameworks to provide a taxonomy. The
first framework relating to governance concerns the relationship between
owners and managers, the relationship between large and small owners, and
the functioning of the managerial labour market. The second framework
considers three types of model of state engagement: the Welfare State, the
Developmental State, and the Predatory State. Each of the six resulting
taxonomies yields distinct outcomes in terms of SOE versus POE performance.
In all models, SOEs perform better in a better governance environment than
in a worse governance environment, and this ranking is the same in Welfare
States and Predatory States. However, in Developmental States with strong
governance, SOEs may outperform POEs if they can benefit from superior state
resources.
Modeling and optimization of a chilled-water cooling system with multiple chillers
Authors: Du Jiamin , Li Shuhong , Li Xinmei
Published: November 2020

In order to reduce energy consumption of the centralized chilled-water cooling system in large buildings, a dynamic control strategy was proposed for cooling plants by modelling and optimization. Combined with the chilled water flow model, this paper analyzed the parallel operation characteristics of the chillers and takes the load distribution as one of the control parameters. Based on the measured data of a typical cooling system that has undergone preliminary energy-saving transformation, the residual neural network is applied to model the relationship among energy consumption, controllable parameters and environmental parameters, and the residual neural network outperforms multi-layer perceptron and support vector regression. To minimize the total energy consumption, the gray wolf optimizer was introduced to optimize the controllable variables of the cooling system. Compared with the energy consumption before optimization, the simulation energy consumption after optimization decreased 10.45% on average, while the energy saving rate is only 7.9% with equal chilled water supply temperature of parallel chillers.
Melting process modeling of Carreau non-Newtonian phase change material in dual porous vertical concentric cylinders
Authors: Talebzadegan Mohsen , Moravej Mojtaba , Assareh Ehsanolah , Izadi Mohsen
Published: November 2020

In this paper a numerical simulation of the melting process of Carreau non-Newtonian phase change material inside two porous vertical concentric cylinders included constant temperatures of the inner and outer walls, represented by Th and Tc, respectively. Half of the void between the two pipes is filled with copper porous media and paraffin wax as a phase change material. The governing equations are converted into a dimensionless form and are solved using the finite element method. The enthalpy porosity theory is applied to simulate the phase change of phase change material while the porous media follow to the Darcy law. Outcomes are shown and compared in terms of the streamline, isotherm, melting fraction and mean Nusselt numbers. The solid liquid interface location and the temperature distribution are predicted to describe the melting process. The effects of the Carreau index, porosity and non-dimensional parameters such as Stefan number, Darcy number, and Rayleigh number are analyzed. Our results indicate a good agreement between this study and the previous investigations. The results show that an increase in Rayleigh number, Stefan number, and Darcy number, increases the melting volume fraction and reduces the melting time. Also, the time of melting non-Newtonian phase change material decreases when Carreau index and porosity decrease.
Comparison of skeletal maxillary transverse deficiency treated by microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion and tooth-borne expansion during the post-pubertal growth spurt stage:
Authors: Jia Haichao , Zhuang Li , Zhang Nan , Bian Yuanyuan , Li Song
Published: November 2020

Objective

To investigate the efficacy of microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) to treat skeletal maxillary discrepancies during the post-pubertal growth spurt stage.

Materials and Methods

Sixty patients with skeletal maxillary transverse deficiency during the post-pubertal growth spurt stage were randomly divided into MARPE and Hyrax groups. Thirty patients (mean age: 15.1 ± 1.6 years) were treated using the four-point MARPE appliance; 30 patients (mean age, 14.8 ± 1.5 years) were treated using the Hyrax expander. Cone beam computed tomography scans and dental casts were obtained before and after expansion. The data were analyzed using paired t-tests and independent t-tests.

Results

The success rates of midpalatal suture separation were 100% and 86.7% for MARPE and Hyrax groups, respectively. Palatal expansion and skeletal to dental ratio at the first molar level were greater in the MARPE group (3.82 mm and 61.4%, respectively) than in the Hyrax group (2.20 mm and 32.3%, respectively) (P < .01). Reductions in buccal alveolar bone height and buccal tipping of the first molars were less in the MARPE group than in the Hyrax group (P < .01).

Conclusions

MARPE enabled more predictable and greater skeletal expansion, as well as less buccal tipping and alveolar height loss on anchorage teeth. Thus, MARPE is a better alternative for patients with skeletal maxillary deficiency during the post-pubertal growth spurt stage.
Machine learning approaches revealed metabolic signatures of incident chronic kidney disease in persons with pre-and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Admin Ada , Huang Jialing , Huth Cornelia , Covic Marcela , Troll Martina , Adam Jonathan , Zukunft Sven , Prehn Cornelia , Wang Li , Nano Jana , Scheerer Markus F. , Neschen Susanne , Kastenmüller Gabi , Suhre Karsten , Laxy Michael , Schliess Freimut , Gieger Christian , Adamski Jerzy , Angelis Martin Hrabe de , Peters Annette , Wang-Sattler Rui
Published: November 2020

Early and precise identification of individuals with pre-diabetes and
type 2 diabetes (T2D) at risk of progressing to chronic kidney disease (CKD) is
essential to prevent complications of diabetes. Here, we identify and evaluate
prospective metabolite biomarkers and the best set of predictors of CKD in the
longitudinal, population-based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of
Augsburg (KORA) cohort by targeted metabolomics and machine learning
approaches. Out of 125 targeted metabolites, sphingomyelin (SM) C18:1 and
phosphatidylcholine diacyl (PC aa) C38:0 were identified as candidate
metabolite biomarkers of incident CKD specifically in hyperglycemic individuals
followed during 6.5 years. Sets of predictors for incident CKD developed from
125 metabolites and 14 clinical variables showed highly stable performances in
all three machine learning approaches and outperformed the currently
established clinical algorithm for CKD.
The two metabolites in combination with five clinical variables were
identified as the best set of predictors and their predictive performance
yielded a mean area value under the receiver operating characteristic curve of
0.857. The inclusion of metabolite variables in the clinical prediction of
future CKD may thus improve the risk prediction in persons with pre- and T2D.
The metabolite link with hyperglycemia-related early kidney dysfunction
warrants further investigation.
La nueva gerencia pública como limitante de la mediación transformativa en México
Authors: Serrano Morán José Antonio , Rosas Topete Nicté , Ávila Verdín Edgar Gabriel
Published: November 2020

El objetivo del presente artículo fue analizar la figura sobre la nueva gerencia pública y su impacto en el modelo transformativo de la mediación. Para ello, se usaron los métodos deductivo, documental, discursivo, sistemático jurídico y funcionalista. Los resultados señalan que el eje denominado rendición de cuentas —al focalizar su estudio en términos estadísticos cuantitativos, mas no cualitativos— obliga a los centros de mediación en sede judicial a priorizar la generación de estadísticas sobre acuerdos firmados por encima de la transformación de la conducta de los mediados, lo que impacta de forma negativa en el modelo transformativo y en la no reincidencia en los conflictos.

La limitación más importante fue la obtención de datos estadísticos específicos sobre el número de asuntos presentados y acuerdos signados ante los centros de mediación, siendo el principal hallazgo del estudio, en el sentido de que el Estado mexicano utiliza el modelo clásico de medición, el cual se centra en la obtención de un acuerdo entre las partes, con lo que se sostiene una política de reacción que se aleja cada vez más de la política de prevención del conflicto. Esta situación sirve para concluir que se debe eliminar la política de la nueva gerencia pública en los centros de mediación de sede judicial para brindarles la oportunidad de utilizar el método transformativo para la resolución de conflictos.

El supuesto hipotético del presente artículo consistió en fundamentar la necesidad de aplicar el modelo transformativo para la mediación dentro del Poder Judicial en México; sin embargo, la ideología de la nueva gerencia pública que ha implementado el Estado mexicano dificulta en gran medida los beneficios y alcances de prevención de conflictos y no repetición de los hechos, por lo que es necesario cesar el funcionamiento de la mediación con base en los principios de la nueva gerencia pública para que se puedan adoptar los fines de la mediación transformativa.
The influence of Leader’s refusal to Internet-based communication on communication satisfaction
Authors: Bedoya Ever
Published: November 2020

New organizational investments in ICT tools have led companies to increase the use of Internet-based communication channels, nevertheless, some leaders still refuse to use them; hence, this study tests if the leader's refusal to communicate via Internet -based channels with employees has no influence on communication satisfaction; the sample consisted of 103 participants from Colombian organizations; a questionnaire and interviews were administered; subsequently, data was analyzed by using SPSS and Atlas Ti tools. The results concluded that the absence of internet-based communication channels in the organization does not affect communication satisfaction, and it was also observed that employees are willing to use traditional communication channels instead. The findings are important as a input for scholars who want to deepen the understanding of Internet-based communication channels and their effect on satisfaction communication; similarly, the results may assist organizations in redesigning organizational communication policies while they adapt to virtual work during the Covid19 outbreak.
DEKONSTRUKSI TOKOH DUA ROMAN ANGKATAN BALAI PUSTAKA DALAM NOVEL TRILOGI SOEKRAM (BAB PENGARANG TAK PERNAH MATI) KARYA SAPARDI DJOKO DAMONO
Authors: Kurniawati Yayuk , Sukri M. , Nuriadi Nuriadi
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan menguraikan dekonstruksi tokoh dua roman Angkatan Balai Pustaka, yaitu roman “Siti Nurbaya” dan roman “Salah Asuhan” dalam novel “Trilogi Soekram” khususnya Bab III ‘Pengarang Tak Pernah Mati’ karya Sapardi Djoko Damono. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui metode kepustakaan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menerapkan teori dekonstruksi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dekonstruksi tokoh dalam novel “Trilogi Soekram” khususnya Bab III ‘Pengarang Tak Pernah Mati’ karya sapardi Djoko Damono. Tokoh-tokoh yang dihadirkan dalam novel tersebut merupakan dekonstruksin terhadap tokoh-tokoh yang ada dalam dua roman angkatan Balai Pustaka yaitu Siti Nurbaya dan Salah Asuhan seperti Datuk Meringgih, Siti Nurbaya, dan Hanafi. Tokoh-tokoh tersebut didekonstruksi karakternya, bahkan tokoh dari dua roman yang berbeda dipertemukan dalam ‘Pengarang Tak Pernah Mati’. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa sesuai dengan konsep dekonstruksi, makna sebuah teks tidak pernah berdiri sendiri dan tidak pernah mutlak.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE DECISION MAKING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENULIS TEKS PERSUASI SISWAKELAS VIII MTS AL-ULUM TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2019/2020
Authors: Huda Silvia Nurul , Naelofaria Salmah
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh model pembelajaran pengambilan keputusan (decision making) pada siswa kelas VIII MTS Al-Ulum Medan Tahun Pembelajaran 2019/2020. Populasi penelitian ini 160 siswa dan sampel penelitian dilakukan terhadap 32 siswa kelas VIII MTS MTS Al-Ulum Medan Tahun Pembelajarn 2019/2020. Dalam penelitian ini, subjek terdiri dari satu kelompok yaitu kelas eksperimen. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan, kemampuan menulis teks persuasi sebelum menggunakan model pembelajaran pengambilan keputusan (decision making) pada siswa kelas VIII MTS Al-Ulum Tahun Pembelajaran 2019/2020 kurang dengan nilai rata-rata 60. Kemampuan menulis teks persuasi sesudah menggunakan model pembelajaran pengambilan keputusan (decision making) pada siswa kelas VIII MTS Al-Ulum Tahun Pembelajaran 2019/2020 sangat baik dengan nilai rata-rata 85.
ANALISIS GERAK TEKNIK LEMPAR LEMBING GAYA SILANG (CROSS STEP) PADA ATLET LEMPAR LEMBING PUTRI UAC (UNIMED ATHLETIC CLUB)
Authors: Telaumbanua Mesrawati , Siahaan David
Published: November 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis dan mengetahui gerak lempar lembing gaya silang (Cross Step) Pada Atlet Lempar Lembing Putri UAC (Unimed Athletic Club) Tahun 2019. Indikator dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan teknik lempar lembing atlet lempar lembing putri UAC yang terdiri dari langkah awalan, cross step, meluncur, melempar, dan pemulihan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif, yang menjelaskan keadaan yang sebenarnya dan cenderung memberikan hasil data daripada teori. Untuk menganalisis data, setiap atlet akan melakukan teknik lempar lembing dan peneliti akan mengaplikasikannya dengan menggunakan aplikasi dartfish, penilaian dari beberapa ahli kemudian membandingkan dengan atlet nasional. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan analisis rangkaian gerak pada subjek penelitian menghasilkan lemparan terjauh terjadi pada lemparan atlet pembanding Sri Astuti dengan jarak 41,90 meter dengan jarak rerata setiap langkah 1,08. Sementara jarak terjauh berikutnya adalah Lastiar Ayu Natalia dengan jarak 36 meter dan jarak rerata setiap langkah 1,32 meter. Subjek penelitian yang terakhir Loister Eunike Hutasoit hasil lemparan sejauh 16,30 meter, hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa masih perlu drill dan latihan yang intensif kepada atlet untuk meningkatkan hasil lemparannya lebih jauh. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa menganalisis gerak lempar lembing ini sangat diperlukan dalam dunia olahraga untuk memperoleh informasi tentang rangkaian gerak lempar lembing, dapat mengetahui kebenaran gerak dengan hasil yang akurat serta jadi bahan masukan buat para pelatih dalam mengevaluasi kemampuan gerak atlet.
ANALISIS KESULITAN BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI INVERTEBRATA DI KELAS X SMA SE-KECAMATAN PANCUR BATU KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2016/2017
Authors: Surbakti Jesaya , Napitupulu Martina Asiati
Published: November 2020

This research aims to know the difficulty of student learning on the matter of invertebrates in class X SMAfrom cognitive, learning-based indicator, and the factors causing difficulty learning the students of class X SMAfrom the Sub-district Pancur Batu learning Year 2016/2017. The design of the research that is used is thedescriptive quantitative. The population in the research is that all the students of class X SMA. Samples taken in acluster random sampling Pancur Batu namely SMA Negeri 1 Pancur Batu, SMA Anastasia Pancur Batu, and SMARakyat Pancur Batu with the number of students 171 people's Senior in High School students from the sub-districtPancur Batu. Data collection technique that is used is the test the results of student learning on the matter ofinvertebrates and questionnaires with students who have learning difficulties. The results of the study showedthat the percentage of students learning difficulties On cognitive knowledge level (C1) 25.91% percent with thecategory of difficulty is the level of understanding (C2) 29.86% with the category of medium difficulty,implementation levels (C3) 34.91% with the category of difficulty medium, analysis levels (C4) 49.79% percentwith the category of difficulty is very high, evaluation levels (C5) 60.39% with category of difficulty is very highlevel of creation (C6) 49.19% with a very high level of difficulty category. The factors that influence the difficultyof learning the most dominant is the internal factors namely pscyhiatric of 80.83% and the health of 78.61% withthe cause of the difficulties learning, while external factors namely schools of 78.46% and subjects of 65.47% withthe cause of the difficulties learning.Keywords: difficulties learning, cognitive, and invertebrates
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE NUMBERED HEAD TOGETHER (NHT) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR DAN KEMAMPUAN BERTANYA SISWA PADA MATERI SISTEM PERNAPASAN MANUSIA DI KELAS XI IPA SMA N 1 KUTALIMBARU
Authors: Siohotang Nurhasanah , Djulia Ely , Gurusinga Sentosa
Published: November 2020

This research aim to know whether is a significant influence learning result and ability to ask student by using cooperative learning model numbered head together (NHT) in human respiratory system subject matter grade XI science senior high school 1 Kutalimbaru academic year 2016/2017. The population in this research is all students that consist of 3 classes totaling 116 students. The sample was taken in random sampling as many as 80 students. XI IPA 1 is an experimental class using cooperative learning model numbered head together (NHT) as many as 40 students, while XI IPA 3 as the control class using lecture and question and answer method as many as 40 students. Th method of this research is quasi-experimental. Based on the average value seen their influence learning result and the ability to ask student by using cooperative learning model numbered head together (NHT) which indicate that the value posttest students in the experimental class is 82.9 and SD 6.3. While the average value in the control class is 79.25 with SD of 5.86. The influence of learning result is also proven through hypothesis testing by using t test with the level of trust α = 0,05, where t count> t tab (6,66> 2,001), which means in this research Ho rejected and Ha accepted. The average score of student ability ask in the experimental class is 60,5% belongs to good predicate and control class is 32,5% belongs to bad predicate. It can be concluded that there is significant influence using cooperative learning model numbered head together (NHT) for learning result and the ability to ask student in human respiratory system subject matter in grade XI science senior high school 1 Kutalimbaru T.P. 2016/2017.Keywords: Learning result, Cooperative Learning Type Numbered Head Together, Human Respiratory System.
KREATIVITAS MAHASISWA DENGAN PENDEKATAN DEDUKTIF DAN INDUKTIF PADA MODEL PEMBELAJARAN WIMBA
Authors: Suprapto Purwati K , Ardiansyah Ryan , Diella Dea , Chaidir Diki M
Published: November 2020

Kreativitas merupakan kemampuan seseorang untuk menciptakan sesuatu yang baru, baik berupa gagasan maupun karya nyata. Kreativitas sangat diperlukan bagi kehidupan seseorang dimasa mendatang. Model pembelajaran wimba adalah model pembelajaran representasi mikroskopis berbasis visuospasial diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kreativitas. Telah dilakukan pengukuran kreativitas mahasiswa melalui pendekatan deduktif dan pendekatan induktif dengan model pembelajaran wimba. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kreativitas mahasiswa pada  pendekatan deduktif dan induktif dengan menggunakan  model pembelajaran wimba pada matakuliah anatomi tumbuhan.  Metoda penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Pendidikan Biologi semester IV pada tahun 2017 di satu Universitas di Jawa Barat. Sampel penelitian diambil secara purposive sebanyak dua kelas, masing- masing kelas berjumlah 34 orang mahasiswa.  Kelas pertama menggunakan pembelajaran wimba dengan pendekatan deduktif dan kelas kedua menggunakan pembelajaran wimba  dengan pendekatan induktif. Kemudian variabel kreativitas diukur dengan menggunakan the Test of Creative Imagery Abilities (TCIA). Pengolahan data menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney dengan SPSS. Hasil penelitian kreativitas dengan model pembelajaran wimba menunjukkan bahwa rerata kreativitas menggunakan pendekatan deduktif adalah 10,94 sedangkan pada rerata kreativitas pada pendekatan induktif adalah 13,03. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah ada perbedaan hasil kreativitas mahasiswa pada pendekatan deduktif dan induktif dan kreativitas mahasiswa dengan menggunakan pendekatan induktif menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik.Kata kunci : kreativitas, model pembelajaran wimba, deduktif, induktif