bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Applying Artificial Intelligence on Human Resources Management in Jordanian Banks
Authors: Abdalrhman Yahya Hamza Abdallah
Published: November 2024

The study aims to investigate artificial intelligence (expert systems, knowledge representation and reasoning, automatic learning and effectiveness) on human resources management in Jordanian banks. The descriptive analytical method was used by developing a digital questionnaire that was distributed to a purposive sample of the study population, which includes employees of directors of human resources departments and workers in the human resources department. To answer the study’s questions and hypotheses, the data was analyzed using the SPSS program. It was found that artificial intelligence variables (expert systems, knowledge representation and reasoning, automatic learning, and effectiveness) are associated with a positive, statistically significant relationship with training and development. ? It was also found that artificial intelligence variables (expert systems, knowledge representation and reasoning, automatic learning, and effectiveness) are associated with a positive, statistically significant relationship with selection and appointment. Finally, the results concluded that artificial intelligence explains a large portion of the variance in incentives, which indicates a positive and statistically significant relationship. The study recommended that the expanding the use of artificial intelligence techniques in ?human ?resources ?management?, and conduct more future studies about the relationship between the use of artificial intelligence technologies and other human resources practices such as: (performance evaluation, wages and compensation, talent management).
 
Received: 11 July 2024 / Accepted: 31 October 2024 / Published: 05 November 2024
Examining the Relationship between Poverty and Juvenile Delinquency Trends in a Developing Country
Authors: Islam Bhuiyan Mohammad Rakibul , Milon Md Noor Uddin , Hossain Rashed , Poli Tahmina Akter , Salam Muhammad Abdus
Published: November 2024

This study examines the multifaceted relationship existing among poverty and juvenile delinquency in a developing country like Bangladesh, which has been phenomenally encountering economic disparity. The increased phenomenon of Juvenile Delinquency has great importance in the society especially amongst minority youth. This is an exploratory study, which includes both qualitative approach for data collection where 300 responses (N= 300) was collected through the primary source of gathering information. To determine the direct and indirect effects of variables on juvenile delinquency in Bangladesh SPSS and SmartPLS 4.0 are used, based in Structural Equation Model (SEM). This paper uses the empirical perspectives to investigate the association between poverty conditions and delinquency among Bangladeshi youth. The paper employs the multi-dimensional approach that focuses on root causes through constructs such as Economic Deprivation (ED), Family Dysfunction, Community Disorganization, Peer Influence and Juvenile Delinquency. The results highlight the strong relationship between poverty and delinquency, suggesting efforts to target interventions as well as other support systems. Suggestions range from public awareness campaigns and training of judges to promotion measures for economic self-determination, as well as legislative changes that would protect the rights of minors. It also highlights that stakeholders working together are a major rescue in preventing juvenile delinquency and promoting the overall well-being of younger minds. The research provided empirical facts, theoretical insights, and practical recommendations to inform Bangladeshi juvenile justice and poverty reduction policies, social initiatives, and academic discussion and policy making for the reduction of juvenile related crimes. 
 
Received: 11 March 2024 / Accepted: 19 October 2024 / Published: 05 November 2024
Environmental Taxation and Sustainable Environmental Protection - Reality or Myth? An Integrative Review
Authors: Muñoz-Ccuro Felipa Elvira , María del Carmen Emilia Ancaya Martínez , Velásquez-Tapullima Pedro Alfonso , Ochoipoma Guerrero Jonathan Harry , Ochoipoma Guerrero Jimmy Hans , Benites-Alfaro Elmer , Tello-Cabello Sara Ynés
Published: November 2024

The increase in environmental pollution has different origins, and in each of them we can observe the actions and activities of human beings, whether natural or legal persons. In response to this, the legal figure of the environmental tax has been applied as a strategy and means of income to prevent, compensate for environmental damage and improve ecological quality, constituting a route to improve sustainable environmental protection. In this sense, this article examines, based on the scientific literature, the relationship between environmental taxation and sustainable development. The research topics are varied in terms of methodologies and theoretical perspectives, and the relationship between environmental taxes and their objectives remains controversial. The main findings of the review highlighted the importance and purpose of taxes; the difference between types of taxes; the justification for tax collection; and the orientation of the resources raised towards improving environmental protection and sustainable environment, which allows us to conclude on the need to reflect on the implementation of viable environmental policies aimed at ensuring social justice. In this sense, policy makers must have the appropriate profile that demonstrates expertise since sustainable development encompasses the protection of the environment by reducing pollution with educational and awareness-raising policies.
 
Received: 11 July 2024 / Accepted: 30 October 2024 / Published: 05 November 2024
Towards Understanding Nomophobia: A Systematic Review of Its Prevalence, Causes, and Effects in Educational Settings
Authors: Medrano-Sánchez Emilio José , Cuenca Silva Lourdes Sofia , Medrano-Sánchez Gloria María
Published: November 2024

This article analyzes the causes and consequences of excessive mobile device use among university students and its impact on mental health and academic performance through a review of studies published between 2018 and 2023. Articles were selected from Scopus and Web of Science databases that included "nomophobia" and "education" in the title, abstract, or keywords, and that were open access. The final analysis included 30 articles organized into 14 thematic categories. The most addressed topics were consequences, causes, levels, and factors that determine nomophobia. It was found that excessive mobile device use is mainly due to the constant need to stay connected and the fear of missing out on social media information. This technological dependence manifests in symptoms such as anxiety, stress, nervousness, and physical health problems, such as thumb and wrist pain, visual fatigue, and sleep disturbances. Nomophobia negatively impacts academic performance by interfering with the attention and concentration necessary for learning. Although educational technology does not seem to be a risk factor, it is crucial to promote a balanced use of mobile devices. Family intervention and education on the risks of excessive mobile use are essential to mitigate these effects and foster healthy technology use.
 
Received: 2 August 2024 / Accepted: 30 October 2024 / Published: 05 November 2024
The Poor in the Variae of Cassiodorus: A Reading
Authors: Piazza Emanuele
Published: November 2024

Abstract The Variae provide important evidence of the Ostrogothic royal court’s interventions on behalf of the needy. Theoderic and his successors sought not only to alleviate but also to prevent, as far as possible, the serious situations of poverty in which
individuals or whole regions might find themselves. Indeed, they tried to counteract the harassment of the potentes to the detriment of the pauperes. Thus, beyond the idealized image of the Ostrogothic reges that Cassiodorus gives us, their administrative action seems
to have been specifically aimed at protecting the poor. In this respect, the Variae provide an interesting testimony that will be analysed for Cassiodorus’s specific use of the term pauper in relation to a wide range of situation characterised by a state of marginality.
An Epistle of Noble Poetrye: A Middle English Translation of Christine de Pizan’s L’Epistre d’Othéa, edited from London, British Library MS Harley 838, ed. Richard J. Moll, Anne Schuurman, and Emily Pez Middle English Texts 65. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag
WINTER, 2022, xlv, 173 pp.
Authors: Burke Linda
Published: November 2024

The Epistre Othéa/Letter of Othéa (ca. 1400) was Christine de Pizan’s most popular work, with forty-nine manuscripts surviving in French (ed. Parussa, op. cit below, 29 n. 53), in three distinct manuscript families (xxvi), and four early print editions,
one of them in English. Beginning with the manuscripts supervised by the author herself, the treatise was continually adapted to address a changing array of “implied readers,” from a specific royal dedicatee, to the knightly class, to every Christian. The first scholarly edition
of the French Othéa was published in 1999: Danielle Parussa, ed., Epistre Othea (Geneva: Librairie Droz), a milestone in the late-twentieth-century revival of Christine studies.
Eva Schlotheuber und Maria Theisen, Die Goldene Bulle von 1356: Das erste Grundgesetz des Römisch-Deutschen Reiches. Nach König Wenzels Prachthandschrift (Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 338). Darmstadt: wbg Edition/Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft,
2023, 422 S., zahlreiche farbliche Abb., Faksimile.
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: November 2024

Bis vor nicht zu langer Zeit galt die Goldene Bulle als ein historisches Dokument, das den Ausverkauf des deutschen Reiches an die Kurfürsten durch Kaiser Karl IV. repräsentierte. Dem ist aber keineswegs so; ganz im Gegenteil, wie die umfangreiche Einleitung zu dieser
Faksimile-Ausgabe sehr deutlich macht, war der Kaiser darum bemüht, zunächst den Einfluss des Heiligen Stuhls auf die deutsche Reichspolitik zu unterbinden, damit man sich in Deutschland auf die eigene Machtposition konzentrieren konnte. Dann strebte er danach, die Kurfürsten
auf das Reich zu fokussieren und sie eng an der Regierungsverantwortung zu beteiligen, indem er z.B. ganz zentral eine Strategie der genau definierten Königswahl etc. verfolgte und die Interessen der Kurfürsten an Eigenverantwortung stärkte. Zwar war all dies mit hohen Kosten
für den Kaiser selbst verbunden, aber letztlich gelang es damit Karl IV. tatsächlich, den entscheidenden Keil in die bisher enge Beziehung zwischen den Kurfürsten und dem Papst zu treiben. Damit entstand durch dieses wertvolle Dokument eine Art basale Verfassung für das
Reich, die bis zu dessen Ende 1806 Einfluss ausübte. Es wirkt daher gar nicht so schlecht, in diesem Zusammenhang sogar von einer Art Utopie zu reden (S. 7), denn dieses Dokument entwarf eine Projektion Deutschlands, die es eigentlich zu jenem Zeitpunkt noch gar nicht gab.
Joachim von Fiore, Expositio super Apocalypsim et opuscula adiacentia. Teil 1: Expositio super Bilibris tritici etc. (Apoc. 6,6). De septem sigillis – Praefatio super Apocalypsim. Enchiridion super Apocalypsim. Liber introductorius in Expositionem Apocalypsis.,
hrsg. von Alexander Patschovsky und Kurt-Victor Selge. MGH Quellen zur Geistesgeschichte des Mittelalters, 31. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2020, 874 S.
Authors: Schmitz-Esser Romedio
Published: November 2024

Dieser voluminöse, neue Band in der einschlägigen Reihe der ,,Monumenta Germaniae Historica“, den zwei der eminenten Erforscher der mittelalterlichen Häresiegeschichte verantwortet haben, stellt eine wichtige, schon länger erwartete Grundlage für die weitere
Forschung zum Wirken des Joachim von Fiore dar. Die umfassende Wirkungsgeschichte dieses kalabrischen Abtes im spätmittelalterlichen Lateineuropa verbindet sich insbesondere mit seiner Eschatologie, so dass seine Schriften zur Apokalypse von großem Interesse für die Einordnung
seiner theologischen Überlegungen sind. Das mag ein nur auf den ersten Blick fernliegendes Beispiel gleich verdeutlichen: Auf Albrecht Dürers berühmten Holzschnitten zur Apokalypse findet sich auch die bekannte Darstellung der vier apokalyptischen Reiter. Einer von ihnen hält
bei genauerer Betrachtung eine Waage in der Hand – es ist die Teuerung, eine der besonderen Geißeln der Menschheit. Das späte Mittelalter, das mit Missernten und der daraus resultierenden Teuerung seit dem 14. Jahrhundert in besonderer Weise zu kämpfen hatte, kannte und
fürchtete das Phänomen ganz besonders.
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: An Authoritative Translation. Context. Criticism. Sec. ed. Trans. by Marie Borroff. Ed. by Laura L. Howes. Norton Critical Editions. New York: W. W. Norton, 2022 (orig. 2010), xxix, 230 pp.
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: November 2024

The Middle English alliterative romance Sir Gawain and the Green Knight belongs to one of the ‘classics’ of medieval English literature and would not need to be introduced and discussed here again. But W. W. Norton has now issued a second edition of Marie Boroff’s
well received translation, prepared by Laura L. Howes, which would make us assume that she would have updated the scholarship, improved the translation, or reflected on the latest research, which has recently experienced a tremendous breakthrough with the publication by Andrew Breeze, The
Historical Arthur and the Gawain Poet: Studies on Arthurian and Other Traditions (2023) and previous publications. Now we finally know the poet’s name and can date this major work rather precisely: Sir John Stanley (d. 1414), a Cheshire and Lancashire grandee, who composed this poem
in 1387, if Breeze’s arguments will hold. However, Howes could not yet take anything of that into consideration, but she also disregarded most of other recent research and is woefully underprepared in discussing the possible sources or literary parallels. Granted, she refers to a few
French and Irish tales where the motif of the decapitation game appears as well, but she does not know Heinrich von dem Türlin’s amazing Diu Crône (ca. 1280/1290). We also do not learn anything about recent theoretical concepts in approaching Sir Gawain and the Green
Knight or of major interpretations. In her introduction, she cites only a few studies, the latest from 2009. In fact, we cannot really tell what innovation she might have added to the respectable translation by Bornoff, which is not at all the only one available currently. What makes the
present translation stand out in comparison with others? Why do we need this one again?
Elizabeth Allen, Uncertain Refuge: Sanctuary in the Literature of Medieval England. The Middle Ages Series. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2021, ix, 311 pp., 10 b/w ill.
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: November 2024

The topic of the sanctuary pursued by Elizabeth Allen invites critical examinations of the relationship between the secular and the spiritual authorities in the Middle Ages and beyond. The desperate desire of a condemned fellow about to be executed or of a group of people facing nearly
certain death to find sanctuary in a church, at a cross, a saint’s grave, or simply at the feet of a bishop was a source of much debate. If sanctuary was granted, then divine laws overruled worldly laws, and it pitted the representatives of the Church against the king, the royal court,
or the legal courts. But a king could also demonstrate his strong character and virtues by granting sanctuary, which then would have been an act of surprising mercy. The sanctuary constituted a sacred space, either within an architectural frame or next to a religious person.
Gert Hübner, Ältere deutsche Literatur: Eine Einführung. 3. durchgesehene und aktualisierte Aufl., bearbeitet von Cordula Kropik, Stefan Rosmer und Lysander Büchli (1. Aufl. 2006, 2. Aufl. 2015). utb. Literaturwissenschaft. Tübingen: Narr
Francke Attempto, 2023, 26 farbige Abb.
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: November 2024

Eine der beeindruckendsten Einführungen zur deutschen Literatur des Mittelalters wurde 1984 von Max Wehrli vorgelegt, der aber primär fundamentale, oder globale Themen wie Latein und Deutsch, Mündlichkeit und Schriftlichkeit, Rhetorik und Topik, Komik, Spiel und Schmuck
etc. ansprach. Viel präziser auf den praktischen Einsatz im Seminarunterricht gestaltet ist die neue Einführung von Gert Hübner, die nun bereits in dritter Auflage vorliegt und gewiss damit schon ihren Erfolg bewiesen hat. Der Autor verstarb leider bereits in jungen Jahren am
13. Juni 2016 (geb. am 17. Dez. 1962 in Bayreuth), weswegen Cordula Kropik, Stefan Rosmer und Lysander Büchli die Aufgabe übernommen haben, diese Einführung durchzusehen und zu aktualisieren. Sie entschieden sich aber, die Eingriffe auf ein Minimum
zu beschränken, weil sich das Gesamtkonzept und der Inhalt sehr gut bewährt haben und weil die 2. Auflage bereits eine starke Revision durchlaufen hatte. Weil diese Einführung bisher noch nicht in der Mediaevistik besprochen worden ist, und um den angesehenen Verstorbenen
hiermit zu ehren, habe ich mich entschlossen, diese Rezension zu schreiben, auch wenn ich sie relativ kurz halten kann, da diese Arbeit bereits so ausgereift ist und viel Anerkennung gewonnen hat.
Kontroversen in der jüngeren Mediävistik, hrsg. Hans-Werner Goetz. Köln, Leiden, Boston etc.: Brill, 2023, 471 S.
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: November 2024

Jeglicher Forschungsbereich bewahrt sich seine Innovationskraft nur dadurch, dass immer wieder neue Ideen, Theorien, Methoden oder Quellen in Betracht gezogen werden, um den wissenschaftlichen Diskurs auf eine neue Ebene zu heben. Auch in der Geschichtswissenschaft und speziell in der
Mediävistik ist dies so der Fall, weswegen hier eine Gruppe von Autoren, deren Biographien oder Universitätseinbindungen leider nicht genannt werden, sich einer Reihe von wichtigen Themen widmet, die unser Fach in den letzten zehn bis zwanzig Jahren stark beschäftigt haben.
Es handelt sich also jeweils um wissenschaftliche Überblicke, die wie normale Artikel gestaltet sind, was die Lektüre z.T. etwas schwierig gestaltet. Hilfreich wäre gewesen, stets eine separate Bibliographie anzuhängen, Schwerpunkte oder Unterkapitel durch Fettdruck hervorzuheben,
Fragestellungen aufzulisten und ein Abstract und Stichworte voranzustellen.
Der Mainzer Domschatz, ed. Hildegard Lütkenhaus and Winifred Wilhelmy. Meisterwerke des Bischöflichen Dom- und Diözesanmuseums Mainz, 3. Regensburg: Verlag Schnell und Steiner, 2022, 608 pp., 482 ill.
Authors: C. McCune Bruhn Heather
Published: November 2024

This volume on the Mainz Cathedral Treasure was originally intended to be the third and final volume in a series that would present the greatest works of art from the Cathedral of Mainz. Volume 1 has been published, and it covers sculpture from the early and high Middle Ages. Volume
2, which should be released in 2025, will complete the investigation of sculpture from the late Middle Ages through the early modern period. It was, unfortunately, delayed due to the pandemic. Once volume 2 is available, this volume on the Mainz Cathedral Treasure will be the final volume
in a trilogy dedicated to great works from the cathedral now housed in the Bischöfliche Dom- und Diözesanmuseum Mainz. Although intended to be part of a set, this work can also stand alone as a long overdue publication on the treasure, which is remarkable for both its size and the
overall quality of its objects. Paul Kautzsch and Ernst Neeb first made the case for a scholarly study of the treasure in 1919 in their fundamental work on Mainz Cathedral. Fifty-six years later in 1975, Willhelm Jung, director of the Dommuseum, remarked: “We know just very little about
the Mainz Cathedral Treasure, its history is only partly written” (13, my translation). Finally, just over a century after Kautzsch and Neeb first called for such a work, this exemplary volume has been published by Schnell and Steiner.
Order into Action: How Large-Scale Concepts of World Order Determine Practices in the Premodern World, ed. Klaus Oschema and Christoph Mauntel. Cursor Mundi, 40.Turnhout: Brepols, 2022, 332 pages.
Authors: Vargas Michael
Published: November 2024

The papers in this volume have their origin in a conference held in Heidelberg in 2016 that sought to explore medieval concepts of large-scale order. Two examples of such instrumental constructs are the European division of world geography into three parts – Asia, Africa, and
Europe, and the Mongols’ association of their empire with a Mandate of Heaven. But the conference’s organizers had even loftier plans. They encouraged participants to consider whether they could measure practical responses to the large-scale concepts they identified. The central
question, then, posited in the volume’s title and explicated in the introduction, is whether broad conceptions of the world shaped or determined actions.
Klaus-Peter Wegera, ed. Sarah Kwekkeboom, Birgit Herbers, and Simone Schultz-Balluff, ‘Sprachwandeln’. Kleinere Schriften zur deutschen Sprachgeschichte und Grammatikographie. Berlin: Erich Schmidt Verlag, 2023, 405 pp.
Authors: Pierce Marc
Published: November 2024

Klaus-Peter Wegera (Bochum, emeritus) remains one of the most important Germanic linguists working today. His publications encompass a broad range of topics, including single- or co-authored books on Hessian, Early New High German, and Middle High German, and articles on issues from
grammatical gender assignment in German to secret languages based on German. The volume reviewed here collects 20 papers on various topics, divided into four sections. There is also an introduction by the editors and a list of Wegera’s publications. For reasons of space, I describe the
contents of each section only briefly and outline one paper from each section in just a bit more detail.
Romedio Schmitz-Esser, The Corpse in the Middle Ages: Embalming, Cremating, and the Cultural Construction of the Dead Body, trans. Albrecht Classen and Carolin Radtke. London and Turnhout: Harvey Miller Publishers, 2020, 780pp.
Authors: G. Bruce Scott
Published: November 2024

Originally published in 2014, Romedio Schmitz-Esser’s magnum opus Der Leichnam im Mittelalter: Einbalsamierung, Verbrennung und die kulturelle Konstruktion des toten Körpers remains a landmark in the history of death rituals and the cultural history of dead bodies
in northern Europe from the Carolingian period to the later Middle Ages. This translation by Albrecht Classen and Carolin Radtke makes this important work available to an Anglophone audience for the first time. Schmitz-Esser taps a rich vein of source materials to examine the many ways that
medieval people understood and interacted with the dead bodies in their midst. Drawing deftly from a palette of diverse genres – from medical treatises and miracles collections to legal texts and artistic representations – the author presents an interdisciplinary cultural history
of the human corpse with an emphasis on the tension between written norms and lived practice. The fruit of this exploration is a massive volume almost 800 pages in length. The sheer size of the book brought to mind the words of John Fleming about the danger of reading large manuscripts in
bed: “Falling asleep … might well prove fatal beneath the heavy blanket of its vast vellum folios.” This book merits the risk.
1100 Jahre Quedlinburg: Geschichte – Kultur – Welterbe, hrsg. Thomas Wozniak und Clemens Bley. Petersberg/Fulda: Michael Imhof, 2023, 592 S., 397 Abb.
Authors: M. Jeep John
Published: November 2024

Im selben Jahr wie eine reich illustrierte englischsprachige Aufsatzsammlung: A Companion to the Abbey of Quedlinburg in the Middle Ages, hrsg. Karen Blough (Brill’s Companions to European History, 29. Leiden und Boston: Brill, 2023, siehe dazu Mediaevistik 36, 2024)
ist dieser gewichtige Band (fast drei Kilo schwer) mit 29 sehr zahlreich bebilderten Beiträge im Druck erschienen. Schon von der Titelgebung her ist es klar, dass die vorliegenden Studien die städtische Umgebung des Stifts mehr als die von Blough betreuten Arbeiten einbeziehen, die
ja das Stift (im Jahr 936 gegründet) in den Mittelpunkt stellen. Die Zeitangabe ,,1100 Jahre“ beruht auf der urkundlichen Erstbenennung der Stadt im Jahr 922. Auf zwei Aufsätze zur geologisch/paläontologischen Bestimmung der Gegend folgen drei frühgeschichtliche Abhandlungen
und zwölf, die sich explizit auf das Mittelalter beziehen. Die letzten zwölf Arbeiten behandeln die Zeit der Reformation bis in die Gegenwart und bleiben hier weitgehend außer Betracht.
Andreas Büttner, Geld – Gnade – Gefolgschaft: Die Monetarisierung der politischen Ordnung im 12. und 13. Jahrhundert. Forschungen zur Kaiser- und Papstgeschichte des Mittelalters. Beihefte zu J. F. Böhmer, Regesta Imperii, 47. Wien und Köln: Böhlau,
2022, IX, 600 S.
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: November 2024

Von einer Habilitation erwartet man eine substantielle und vertiefte Forschung zu einem bestimmten Thema, was oftmals leider daraus hinausläuft, dass stark theoretische Ansätze in den Vordergrund gerückt werden, um einem minimalen Stoff mehr Gewicht zu verleihen, auch
wenn das Endergebnis dann recht dürftig aussieht. Im vorliegenden Fall erweist sich, dass der Autor genau den gegenteiligen Weg eingeschlagen hat, indem er umfassend deutsche historische Quellen konsultiert hat, um diese aus einer recht innovativen Perspektive kritisch zu sichten. In
seiner glänzenden Heidelberger Habilitation von 2019, die ohne Zweifel ganz zu Recht den Wissenschaftlichen Stauferpreis erhielt, fokussiert Andreas Büttner auf die neuartige Rolle, die Geld in der Politik des deutschen Reiches im 12. und 13. Jahrhundert spielte.
Islam in Europa: 1000–1250, hrsg. von Claudia Höhl, Felix Prinz und Pavla Ralcheva. Regensburg: Schnell & Steiner, 2022, 352 S., zahlreiche farbige Ill.
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: November 2024

Vom 7. September 2022 bis 12. Februar 2023 lief im Dommuseum Hildesheim eine hervorragende, kunstwissenschaftlich außerordentlich gut aufbereitete Ausstellung, deren Anliegen darin bestand, anhand einer Fülle von kirchlichen Schmuckstücken
oder Schätzen nachzuweisen, dass die Vorstellung eines rein christlichen, politisch einheitlichen Europas im hohen Mittelalter nicht mehr aufrecht zu halten sei, denn allein schon der Handel mit wertvollen Objekten, Schmuckstücken, Edelsteinen oder Textilien überquerte alle
Grenzen, ob Religion, Sprachen oder Räume. Oftmals beweist sich, dass gerade die kleine Dimension dieser Gegenstände dienlich dafür war, um als Geschenke weitergereicht zu werden, was im politischen Kontext eine wichtige Rolle spielte, gab es ja zahllose Begegnungen von hohen
Würdeträgern unterschiedlichster Kulturkreise. Die genaue Betrachtung der Objekte, von vielen verschienen Autoren durchgeführt, belegt eindeutig, dass es auch in der christlichen Kirche kaum jeglichen Skrupel gab, Wertgegenstände von islamischer bzw. allgemein arabischer
Provenienz für christliche Zwecke einzusetzen. Nicht behandelt wird hier, was ganz verständlich ist, inwieweit europäische Handelsgüter ihren Weg in die islamische Welt fanden, denn der vorliegende Band begleitet ja explizit die Ausstellung in Hildesheim.
Udo Kinderman, Cur Deus homo: Ein Rollenspiel des Gregor von Montesacro (13. Jh.). Texte zur Forschung, 115. Darmstadt: wbg Academic, 2023, 198 S.
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: November 2024

Eine der zentralen theologischen Fragen im Christentum ist bereits von Anselm von Canterbury Ende des 12. Jahrhunderts mit seinem Traktat Cur Deus homo (Warum Gott zum Menschen wurde) beantwortet worden, womit die enge Beziehung zwischen Gott und den Menschen eine genaue Erklärung
bekam. Seitdem war verständlicher, wie der Mensch auf seine Erlösung hoffen kann, weil ja Christus für ihn am Kreuz gestorben war, obwohl Gott weiterhin als Strafender erscheint, dem sich der Mensch unterwerfen muss.
Effectiveness of Telemedicine and Remote Monitoring in Reducing Postpartum Hemorrhage Rates: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dina Anggraini  , Dwie Yunita Baska  , Kintan Anissa
Published: November 2024

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with limited access to healthcare. Telemedicine and remote monitoring technologies offer potential solutions for early detection and management of PPH. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of these technologies in reducing PPH rates. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was conducted for studies published between 2013 and 2024 investigating the impact of telemedicine and remote monitoring interventions on PPH rates. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies with a control group were included. The primary outcome was the incidence of PPH (blood loss ≥500 ml after vaginal delivery or ≥1000 ml after cesarean delivery). Pooled risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plot asymmetry and Egger's test. Six studies involving 4200 women met the inclusion criteria. The pooled analysis demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in PPH rates in the intervention groups compared to the control groups (RR 0.56; 95% CI 0.47-0.67; p<0.00001). The funnel plot was symmetrical, and Egger's test was not statistically significant (p=0.45), suggesting no evidence of publication bias. Telemedicine and remote monitoring interventions are associated with a significant reduction in PPH rates. These findings support the integration of these technologies into postpartum care to improve maternal outcomes, particularly in resource-constrained settings.
Determinants of Access to Bank Credit by Smallholder Agricultural Households in Uganda: Evidence from UNHS 2019/2020
Authors: Areebahoona Anthony , Tindimwebwa Kenneth , Okurut Francis
Published: November 2024

Agricultural credit plays a significant role in boosting cash and food crop production for household consumption, domestic and foreign markets. The purpose of this study was to investigate the determinants that affect smallholder farmer’s access to bank credit in Uganda. The study used data from the Uganda National Household Survey 2019/2020 (UNHS). The study utilized a logit regression model for the analysis of data. The findings from the model showed that farmer’s access to bank credit in Uganda was positively and significantly influenced by sex of the household head, income level of the household head, marital status of the household head, age of the household head and ownership of a bank savings account. The study’s conclusions led to the development of key policy recommendations. These include promoting a savings culture through various initiatives, providing incentives such as special savings accounts or matching deposit programs, creating customized banking products to carter to farmers needs and offering free tertiary education to graduates of Universal Primary Education, Universal Secondary Education, and Universal Post O Level Education and Training
Community perceptions on socio-economic impacts of uranium exploration in Selous Ecosystem, Tanzania
Authors: Mariki Sayuni Bildad
Published: November 2024

Large-scale mining has positive and negative effects that impact people differently leading to varying perceptions. This study assessed perceptions of local communities on socio-economic impacts of uranium exploration in Selous Ecosystem, Tanzania.  The study was guided by three main research questions (i) Are local communities aware of the impacts of uranium exploration? (ii) What are the socio-economic impacts of uranium exploration? and (iii) What are perceptions of local communities on uranium impacts? A simple random sampling technique was used to select 51 households for questionnaire survey. Additionally, 22 key informants were interviewed and 2 focus group discussions were conducted. Moreover, secondary information such as government policies, legislations, and previous published and unpublished reports were reviewed. The quantitative information was analysed through Statistical Package for Social Science.  For the purpose of this study, descriptive statistics was used while qualitative information was analysed using content analysis technique. In terms of awareness, 51% were unaware on negative impacts of uranium mining.  The positive socio-economic impacts reported were employment opportunities, improved quality of life, road accessibility and economic opportunities. However, the majority of people interviewed (70 %) claimed that they have not received individual benefits from uranium exploration activities. Perception differed significantly, with 72% of those employed in the mine having positive perceptions, compared to 62% of the unemployed individuals who had negative perceptions. This study recommends a community-based bottom-up approach for awareness raising on uranium impacts. In addition, the mining company should implement effectively its corporate social responsibilities because, the negative perceptions may stand as a hindrance for accomplishment of its goals. The findings of this study provide preliminary baseline for future studies to monitor the impacts of uranium in particular radioactivity pathways associated with uranium mining
Development of Mathematical Algorithm for Detecting XSS Attacks on Web Applications
Authors: Kerimov Komil Fikratovich , Azizova Zarina Ildarovna
Published: November 2024

The widespread usage of web applications has led to an increase in security threats, with Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks being one of the most prevalent and damaging. Detecting and mitigating XSS attacks is crucial to ensure the integrity and confidentiality of sensitive user data. This article presents the mathematical algorithm and a way to identify XSS attacks using a bounded function from below, which depends on the input string, and highlights its potential impact in bolstering web application security. To construct this function, we used special characters and keywords that are frequently found in the construction of XSS attacks.
Characteristics of Principles of Law as Legal Regulators
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice, Moscow, Russian Federation, Aryamov Andrey A.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. The question of understanding the principles of law is constantly being raised both in branch legal sciences and in the general theory of law. Popular in legal doctrine is the thesis that they are common, fundamental ideas. However, with this approach, the possibility of their perception as regulators of legal relations is lost. Ne­vertheless, law enforcement practice refers to them precisely in this capacity; on the basis of their application, specific cases are considered and judicial acts are issued. The judgment that ideas rule the world is devoid of applied content; there is no speci­fic implementation mechanism behind it. The above allows us to generate a judgment: the understanding of the principles of law as legal regulators has not lost its relevance at the moment, which led to the choice of the author of this problem as the subject of his scientific research. Research Мethods. Based on the general dialectical method of cognition, using general theoretical methods (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, logical, systemic) and private scientific methods (formal logical, legal analysis, historical), the author investigated the genesis of ideas about the principles of rights as regulators of legal relations and revealed their content and basic functional properties. Results. In this article, the author, based on an analysis of the points of view of many representatives of legal science, came to the conclusion that the doctrine not only lacks uniformity in the understanding of the principle of law (there is no need for it), but also research into the characteristics of the principle of law as a regulator of legal relations is at the initial stage of its formation. Discussion and Сonclusion. The thesis is substantiated by refusing to formulate a universal definition of the “principle of law”. A system of essential features of the principle of law is offered to the attention of readers, revealing the content of this legal phenomenon.
SUPOUT TOPOLOGY ON DIRECTED FUZZY GRAPHS
Authors: Zomam Hanan Omer
Published: November 2024

In this work, we introduce a topology, called supout topology and denoted $\mathcal{F}^{o}_{\mathcal{G}}$, for a fuzzy directed graph. We study some properties of this topology and give some examples of open and closed sets. We demonstrate that two isomorphic fuzzy directed graphs have homeomorphic supout topologies. In addition, we prove that this topology is an Alexandroff one and then use minimal basis to characterize homeomorphic fuzzy directed graphs. Finally, we investigate the connectedness of this topology vs. the connectivity of the graph.
THE EFFECT OF POLYPHENOL COMPOUNDS ON Ca2+-INDUCED MITOCHONDRIAL POTORAGE (mPTP) IN TOXIC HEPATITIS
Authors:   Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand. Uzbekistan, Jizzakh branch of the National University of Uzbekistan, Jizzakh. Uzbekistan, Makhramovna Mallayeva Mavjudakhon , Abduvaliyevich Mustafakulov Mukhammadjon ,   Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand. Uzbekistan
Published: November 2024

As a result of the development of industrial technologies and changes in the ecological environment, various xenobiotics released into the environment are increasing. Increasing exposure to xenobiotics may lead to the development of diseases associated with toxic hepatitis (TG) in the population. The following exogenous factors can cause TG: industrial and household toxic substances, chlorinated hydrocarbons, naphthalene and biphenyls, benzene, metals and other inorganic elements, monomers used for the production of polymer materials, plastics, hydrazine and its derivatives, as well as dioxins and radionuclides. All of these exogenous toxins have a cumulative damaging effect on the liver, so they must be converted into non-toxic compounds for the body and eliminated. The main mechanisms of toxic damage to the liver are lipid peroxidation, protein denaturation, reduction of ATF, mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibition of membrane receptors.
POPULATION INDICATORS OF GIRDOBIONTS. (MIRZACHUL AREA)
Authors:   Teacher of Jizzakh Polytechnic Institute, Jizzakh, Uzbekistan, Toynazarova I.A.
Published: November 2024

Environmental studies of populations of hydrobionts such as Unionidae, Corbiculidae, Beelgrandiellidae, Lymnaeidae, Physidae, Planorbidae, Astacidae, and Haemopidae are mentioned. These organisms play an important role in the processes of self-purification and water quality management of water bodies, helping to ensure the stability of the aquatic ecosystem. The study of their diversity and distribution is directly related to the current state of the environment, especially in the context of climate change and anthropogenic impact. Research is carried out in the Mirzachul area, specifically in the Sirdarya and Sangzor river systems and in the Southern Mirzachul and Dustlik canals. The results show a correlation between water resource status and hydrobiont populations. This is decisive for the management of Water Resources and the conservation of biodiversity.
ASSESSMENT OF ENGLISH SPEAKING AS A PEDAGOGICAL PROCESS
Authors:   Doctoral Student of Uzbekistan State World Languages University, Uzbekistan, Qizi Turobova Malika Baxrom
Published: November 2024

The main purpose of this research is to study and evaluate the assessment of English speaking skills as a basic pedagogical process of language education. The research uses a mixed method approach using qualitative and quantitative research methods. A literature review, classroom observations, and interviews with language teachers were conducted to gather insights into current assessment practices. The study showed that formative and summative assessment are important for proper assessment of students' English speaking skills. However, challenges such as subjectivity, time constraints, and environmental factors may affect the results. Assessment of English speaking skills is an important but complex pedagogical process that requires careful consideration of both methodology and criteria. The study highlights the importance of adopting diverse and flexible assessment strategies to ensure fairness and accuracy in assessment.
ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTER OF AMIR TEMUR IN "THE RISE AND RULE OF TAMERLANE" BY B.F. MANZ
Authors:   BSU, PhD doctorate student, Uzbekistan, Nasrulloyevna Sayidova Shahrizoda
Published: November 2024

In the upcoming article, there will be an in-depth exploration of the portrayal of Tamerlane in Beatrice Forbes Manz's book "The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane." The article will analyze how the author depicted the historical figure Amir Temur, who was a complex and mysterious character. Through detailed descriptions and subtle characterizations, the author breathes life into Tamerlane within the pages of her book, presenting a multi-dimensional image of Tamerlane.
EFFECT OF USING MECHATRONIC MULTILAYER SILKWORM FEEDER ON PRODUCTIVITY
Authors:   Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Uzbekistan, Yusupjanovich Sharibaev Nasir , Turgunovich Ibragimov Akmaljon ,   Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Uzbekistan, Yusupjanovich Sharipbaev Sоbir ,   Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Uzbekistan
Published: November 2024

In this study, a mechatronic system was developed for the care of silkworms in multi-layer feeders. This system allows you to monitor and monitor the humidity and temperature in each layer using the DHT11 sensor. The results showed that humidity and temperature were kept stable by a mechatronic system, which positively affected the growth of silkworms and the production of high-quality silk. Compared to traditional methods, the system has made it possible to use resources more efficiently and save energy. The mechatronic system allows you to make the process of growing silkworms efficient and stable. This suggests that the method has great prospects in the development of the silk industry.
APPLICATION OF THE MECHATRONIC SYSTEM TO SILKWORM FEEDERS
Authors:   Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Uzbekistan, Yusupjanovich Sharibaev Nasir , Turgunovich Ibragimov Akmaljon ,   Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Uzbekistan, Yusupjanovich Sharipbaev Sоbir ,   Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Uzbekistan
Published: November 2024

In this study, a mechatronic system was developed for the care of mulberry silkworms in multi-layered succulents. This system allows you to monitor and monitor the humidity and temperature in each layer using the DHT11 sensor. The results showed that humidity and temperature were kept stable by a mechatronic system, which positively affected the growth of silkworms and the production of high-quality silk. Compared to traditional methods, the system has made it possible to use resources more efficiently and save energy. In short, the mechatronic system makes the silkworm rearing process efficient and stable. This suggests that the method has great prospects in the development of the silk industry.
INVESTIGATION OF THE WIDTH OF THE FORBIDDEN ZONEHEAVILY DOPED SEMICONDUCTORS
Authors:   Chirchik State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan, Tursunov I. G. , Rakhmanov M. A. ,   Chirchik State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan
Published: November 2024

The work examines changeswidth of the forbidden zoneheavily doped semiconductors. The introduction of impurities into the crystal lattice at low concentrations does not change the width forbidden zones semiconductor and does not affect the energy spectrum of electrons. Only discrete levels appear in the forbidden zone. When the concentration of impurities becomes large enough, the energy spectrum and the width of the BG of the crystal change.
Exploring Educators’ Perception of and Readiness for Hybrid Flexible Learning in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Higher Education
Authors: Sedek Muliati , Che Ku Mohd Che Ku Nuraini
Published: November 2024

In Malaysia, technical and vocational education and training (TVET) focuses on equipping students with practical skills for specific careers, blending classroom instruction with hands-on training. Regarding hybrid flexible (HyFlex) learning, which integrates face-to-face and online instruction, TVET institutions face both opportunities and challenges in incorporating digital tools into practical training. This study explores educators’ perceptions of and readiness for HyFlex learning in TVET higher education. A quantitative survey was conducted with 30 purposively selected educators to assess their attitudes, beliefs, and preparedness concerning HyFlex implementation. The data were collected through an online questionnaire and analyzed using the SPSS v25 software. The educators viewed HyFlex learning positively, with mean scores above 3.29 indicating approval of its benefits. They also felt confident about students’ success (mean = 4.16) and their own technological skills (mean = 3.92). However, concerns were noted regarding increased workload (mean = 3.44) and the need for better training and resources, as reflected in the lower scores for instructional design (mean = 3.54) and access to resources (mean = 3.77). Therefore, enhancements in training and resources are necessary. This study recommends strategies to improve educators’ readiness, including the provision of clear workload guidelines, support for instructional design, professional development, technological resources, and a supportive institutional culture. Addressing these areas will facilitate more effective and sustainable adoption of HyFlex learning models.
KEYWORDS
hybrid flexible learning, educator perception, readiness, TVET, higher education, instructional design
PHONETIC MEANS OF EXPRESSING NEGATION IN MODERN BULGARIAN
Authors: CHAKAROVA Krasimira , KRASTEVA Hristiana
Published: November 2024

The object of the current study are the phonetic means that express negation in Contemporary Bulgarian and that are part of the formal inventory of the functional and semantic category of polarity (and more precisely – part of the periphery of the negative polarity). Our interest on this topic was promoted by the lack of detailed research. The
main goal here is to present a description of these specific characteristics by paying more attention to the role of intonation and stress in the speech realization of the phrases of interest. To achieve this goal, we have employed a variety of technological
resources for rhythmic and melodic analysis, with the help of which we have conducted experimental research on our targeted phrases and provided graphic representation of melody and intensity of pronunciation, as well as spectrographic analysis of speech. Our data shows that stress and intonation are indeed differentiating factors in the meaning of the phonetic explicators we observe. Stress and intonation make t