bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weight distribution of the weighted coordinates poset space and the Singleton bound
Authors: Shriwastva Atul Kumar , Selvaraj R. S.
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we determine the complete weight enumerator of the space [Formula: see text] endowed by the [Formula: see text]-metric, also known as the [Formula: see text]-space. We define the [Formula: see text]-balls and determine their cardinality. The Singleton bound is established on codes in [Formula: see text]-space equipped with an arbitrary poset [Formula: see text] and a necessary condition for a code to be maximum distance separable (MDS) is obtained. Further, we define [Formula: see text]-balls where [Formula: see text] is an ideal in [Formula: see text] and established the relationship between [Formula: see text]-perfect codes and MDS [Formula: see text]-codes. The duality theorem with respect to [Formula: see text]-metric is arrived at. Also, the case when [Formula: see text] is a chain is explored leading to results on MDS codes and perfect codes in Niederreiter–Rosenbloom– Tsfasman (NRT) weighted space. Finally, weight distribution of MDS NRT codes is determined.
Effects of Zinc Oxide Particles of Different Sizes, Concentrations, and Exposure Durations on Behavioral Changes of Caenorhabditis elegans and Expressions of cep-1 and pmk-1
Authors: Chowdhury Lamia Noushin Sadeque , Fang Chee Mun , Pung Yuh Fen , Pung Swee Yong , Ong Chin Eng , Kong Cin , Pan Yan
Published: September 2024

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely used in diverse fields. However, the toxicological effects of ZnO NPs remain inadequately explored. This study aimed to investigate the toxicities of various concentrations of ZnO NPs <50 nm (ZnO NP50), <100 nm (ZnO NP100), and ZnO bulk particles (ZnO BP) after different exposure durations using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as an in vivo model, focusing on reproductive capacity, feeding behavior, and lifespan. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted to assess expressions of stress-related cep-1 and pmk-1 genes. The results revealed that the effects of ZnO particles on C. elegans’ reproductive capacity were inconsistent after exposure for 24, 48, and 72 h. It was seen a general concentration-dependent reduction in pharyngeal pumping rate, with 1000[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL having the most significant impact across all ZnO particle treatments. Lifespan studies showed no significant differences post exposure of ZnO particles for the mean lifespan of C. elegans, while significant differences for ZnO NP50 treatment at 100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL and 1000[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL compared to the control and the ZnO BP groups were observed. Finally, PCR results suggested significant up-regulation of cep-1 and pmk-1 gene expression, showing a size-dependent linear trend with ZnO NP50 > ZnO NP100 > ZnO BP. In conclusion, this study underscores the complex size-dependent toxicological effects of ZnO NPs on C. elegans, highlighting significant impacts on pharyngeal pumping rate and gene expression profiles associated with stress response and DNA damage repair pathways. These findings contribute to our understanding of NP toxicity and underscore the importance of size, concentration, and exposure duration considerations in assessing their biological effects.
Distributed Fixed-Time Optimal Flocking for Second-Order Multi-Agent Systems
Authors: Liu Yuan , Zeng Xianpu , Liu Shuo
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we investigate the problem of distributed optimization for second-order multi-agent systems with fixed-time flocking. The objective is to concurrently steer the agents towards a common velocity while optimizing the global objective function. To solve the problem, we first design a fixed-time estimator to predict the global gradient of the objective functions, then based on which, each agent is endowed with fixed-time tracking controller to track the optimal solution. Motivated by the fact that the relative velocity information is difficult to obtain accurately, the proposed algorithm is designed without using neighbors’ velocity. The upper bounds of the settling time are provided without relying on the initial states of the agents, only requiring the adjustment of parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed control protocol is also demonstrated through numerical simulations.
Characterizing delinquency and understanding repayment patterns in Philippine microfinance loans
Authors: Bambico Maria Teresa Alexandra A. , Vergara John Paul C.
Published: September 2024

Credit scoring is used by institutions in managing the credit risk associated with their borrowers. In addition to the traditional variables used in credit scoring, recent developments in machine learning have allowed the inclusion of data sources, such as ongoing payment behaviors and patterns, creating more robust and dynamic models. While such studies have more commonly been done for credit card data, there is limited research in the context of microfinance. Investigating this niche, this study focuses on uncovering how delinquency can be characterized and whether delinquency states exist within microfinance loans using a dataset from a microfinance institution (MFI) in the Philippines. Further, Markov chains and transition state matrices from the dataset were used to predict repayment sequences, and factors such as borrower characteristics, loan information and repayment behaviors were used in predicting the final outcome of the loans. The findings show that Markov chains can predict repayment sequences using a transition state matrix based on the full term of the loan. This model outperformed other models created from transition state matrices based on the first 8, 12, and 17 weeks of the loan term, indicating the repayment performance in the first weeks is not representative of the full term and cannot be used to accurately predict future repayment patterns. The equivalent second-order Markov chains were also examined which resulted in better predictions generally. Meanwhile, in predicting the final outcome of the loans, random forest models outperformed decision tree models using an accuracy and modified accuracy metric for evaluation. Across all models assessed in this study, behavioral characteristics and payment patterns consistently fared higher in terms of feature importance than borrower and loan characteristics. Particular to tiering delinquency states, the combination of average days overdue and delinquency streak appeared to be fitting resulting in delinquency tiers Onset Delinquency and Significant Delinquency. The ability to predict repayments aims to provide MFIs with better oversight of their loan portfolios. With an emphasis on the early detection of delinquency, predictive models using relevant features, such as those identified in this study, may allow the implementation mitigating actions at specific time periods to improve overall repayment rates among borrowers of MFIs.
Utilizing 3D seismic velocities within the Triassic Bacton Group to estimate the exhumation of the Rotliegend Group, Blocks 48/8 and 48/9, UK Southern North Sea
Authors: Cafferkey Thomas , Dack Matthew
Published: September 2024

In the UK Southern North Sea, the exploration of pre-Zechstein structures depends upon accurate depth conversion of reflection seismic data. In Quadrant 48, depth conversion by conventional methods, such as linear velocity v. depth methods (
V
 = 
kZ
 + 
V
0
, or ‘
V
0
K
’), is challenging due to the influence of the Sole Pit Inversion. This leads to velocities being higher over the inversion axis than present-day burial would suggest and strong lateral velocity gradients within consistent intervals. To overcome this, velocity modelling was undertaken utilizing advanced seismic velocity extraction techniques to improve spatial resolution over that of well-based point data alone. The seismic velocities have been used to calculate the post-burial uplift of the Bacton Group, using seismic velocities of the unit. The results, which have been calibrated for local halokinesis, approximate Rotliegend Group uplift and aim to further de-risk the depth conversion uncertainty at target level, offering new insight into the inversion of the pre-salt section, with implications for future hydrocarbon exploration.
Workplace Aging: The Reciprocal Relationship Between Adult Development and Work
Authors: Scheibe Susanne , Kooij Dorien T.A.M.
Published: September 2024

Adult development is closely intertwined with work-related experiences. This article presents a comprehensive but concise review of current findings on the manifold ways in which aging shapes work outcomes and vice versa, the ways in which work experiences shape aging (i.e., long-term change), across the working lifespan, from roughly 18 to 70 years of age. First, we present theories and findings on how normative age-related changes in key functional domains (e.g., cognition, affect, motivation) translate into work motivation, work behavior and performance, and occupational health and well-being. Second, we present theories and findings on how job characteristics and work-related role changes bring about long-term changes in health, cognition, socioemotional experiences, and personality. We discuss mechanisms underlying normative age-related trends and social context effects, as well as differential preservation, plasticity, and successful aging at work. Looking forward, we suggest embracing the heterogeneity of aging workers and examining mechanisms of long-term change, psychosocial age constructs, and future work and career trends. Moreover, we suggest revisiting concepts and measurements and integrating further concepts from the lifespan development literature into the work and aging literature.
The Evolutionary Biology of Chelicerata
Authors: Sharma Prashant P. , Gavish-Regev Efrat
Published: September 2024

Chelicerata constitutes an ancient, biodiverse, and ecologically significant group of Arthropoda. The study of chelicerate evolution has undergone a renaissance in the past decade, resulting in major changes to our understanding of the higher-level phylogeny and internal relationships of living orders. Included among these conceptual advances are the discoveries of multiple whole-genome duplication events in a subset of chelicerate orders, such as horseshoe crabs, spiders, and scorpions. As a result, longstanding hypotheses and textbook scenarios of chelicerate evolution, such as the monophyly of Arachnida and a single colonization of land by the common ancestor of arachnids, have come into contention. The retention of ancient, duplicated genes across this lineage also offers fertile ground for investigating the role of gene duplication in chelicerate macroevolution. This new frontier of investigation is paralleled by the timely establishment of the first gene editing protocols for arachnid models, facilitating a new generation of experimental approaches.
Insect Pest Management and Environmental Risk
Authors: Peterson Robert K.D.
Published: September 2024

Insect pests and insect pest management tactics impose risks to the environment. Environmental risk assessment is a formalized paradigm for the objective evaluation of risk in which assumptions and uncertainties are clearly presented. Therefore, a better understanding of the environmental risks and especially the comparative risks posed by insect pests and management tactics will improve integrated pest management. Risk assessments for insect pest management tactics are much more common for pesticides and genetically engineered crops than for biological control, cultural control, and semiochemicals. The reasons for this discrepancy include evidence of deleterious effects and data availability for pesticides and genetically engineered crops, public perceptions of tactics, and politics. Regardless of the regulatory oversight and frequency of risk assessments, all tactics should be subject to the risk assessment paradigm to assist in societal decisions.
Elevating Health Significance Post-Pandemic: Is the Employee-Organization Relationship in a Period of Change?
Authors: Shore Lynn M. , Coyle-Shapiro Jacqueline A-M. , Cnop-Nielsen Aurelie
Published: September 2024

The employee-organization relationship (EOR) is a well-established research topic in the applied psychology and organizational behavior literatures. However, the potential links between the EOR and employee health and well-being are understudied in comparison to the effects of the EOR on traditional organization-focused outcomes such as organizational commitment, job performance, and turnover. To address the need for development of the role of the EOR on employee health, we focus on two of the most popular EOR concepts: psychological contracts and perceived organizational support. We review the empirical research on the EOR and health and well-being as well as theoretical underpinnings of social exchange and reciprocity. We then suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic may have increased emphasis on employee health and well-being, resulting in heightened employee expectations from their organization. Subsequently, we present a model based on social exchange theory to explain how this increased attention on health is linked with employee perceptions of organizational support and psychological contracts, ultimately contributing to enhanced or decreased health and well-being. Finally, we discuss the practical implications of the changing emphasis on the health and well-being of employees for the EOR and the importance of an expansion of research linking the EOR with health and well-being.
Morphology-Dependent Chemiresistive-Potentiometric Gas Sensing Properties of ZnO Nanorods for CH4 and CO
Authors: Zhang Hong , Zhu Yuelong , Nie Shibin , Wu Siyu , Zhao Dongyue , Liu Xiaoyong , Yin Songfeng
Published: September 2024

In this study, one-dimensional ZnO nanorods sensing electrodes were grown in situ on the surface of the Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 electrolyte to fabricate chemiresistive-potentiometric (C-P) bivariate sensors for the detection and identification of CH4 and CO. Four C-P sensors were developed by adjusting the hydrothermal growth time of the nanorods. The effect of hydrothermal duration on the morphology of nanorods was examined. The C-P response to CH4 and CO initially increased and then decreased with increasing hydrothermal duration. Similar variations in the response to the gas mixtures of CH4 and CO with the hydrothermal duration were observed. The highest C and P response values for CH4, CO, and their mixtures were obtained at a hydrothermal duration of 1.5 h. The enhanced C-P sensing performance was discussed in terms of the defect density, the number of contact junctions, and the length of ZnO nanorods. Accurate differentiation of five different gases (CH4, CO, and three gas mixtures) with an identification accuracy of 100% was achieved by the array assembled with the ZnO-1.0 and the ZnO-1.5 sensors. Our findings demonstrate the morphology-dependent C-P sensing behaviors of ZnO nanorods and provide a facile and cost-effective method for the detection and identification of CH4 and CO.
Box-Behnken Response Surface Design for the Optimization of a High-Performance Electrochemical Dopamine Sensor Based on Novel Nano-Ag Doped Matériaux Institut Lavoisier Metal-Organic Framework 101 (MIL-101-Cr) Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Wannassi Jassem , Missaoui Nadhem , Tachouaft Chalal , Mabrouk Chama , Autret-lambert Cécile , Bellali Saher , Echouchene Fraj , Barhoumi Houcine , Anouti Mérièm , Kahri Hamza
Published: September 2024

The combination of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and metal nanoparticles offers great prospects for improving the electrochemical properties of sensors. In this paper, silver (Ag) nanoparticle-doped metal-organic framework (MIL-101) composites (Ag-MIL-101) were prepared by ultrasonic treatment of MIL-101 and the reduction of the metal precursor (AgNO3) within the MIL-101 material. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the formation of Ag-MIL-101(Cr). The resulting material was used to construct a new electrochemical sensor for the reliable detection of dopamine. The electrochemical response of the developed sensor toward dopamine was evaluated using differential pulse voltammetry. A Box-Behnken design was performed, and response surface methodology was used to study the influence of different parameters on dopamine detection. The response of the modified electrode for dopamine detection was linear in the range from 0.02 μM to 10 μM, and the detection limit was 0.02 μM (S/N = 3). Additionally, it showed high selectivity in the presence of urea, uric acid, ascorbic acid, and L-arginine. Due to its low cost, easy process, and great performance, this Ag-MIL-101/GCE electrode can be a good candidate for the fabrication of a non-enzymatic dopamine sensor.
Interaction of MMP-9 in the active phase of Graves’ disease with and without ophthalmopathy
Authors: Riguetto Cinthia Minatel , Barbosa Eduardo Buzolin , Atihe Camila Cristina , Reis Fabiano , Alves Monica , Zantut-Wittmann Denise Engelbrecht
Published: September 2024

Our study addresses clinical aspects of specific ophthalmological examination and serum cytokine concentrations of patients with Graves’ disease (GD) with and without ophthalmopathy. Our findings suggest that MMP-9 may be involved in the active phase of ophthalmopathy and in the active phase of GD. The central question is whether MMP-9 is a potential target for future treatments.
Contractile regulation of the glucocorticoid-sensitive transcriptome in young and aged skeletal muscle
Authors: Laskin Grant R. , Waddell David S. , Vied Cynthia , Gordon Bradley S.
Published: September 2024

We establish the extent to which muscle contractions oppose changes to the glucocorticoid-sensitive transcriptome in both young and aged muscle. We also identify peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) as a transcription factor likely contributing to contraction-induced opposition to the glucocorticoid transcriptome in aged muscle. Overall, these data contribute to our understanding of the contractile regulation of the glucocorticoid transcriptome.
Influence of stimulation parameters on torque development during the combined application of electrical nerve stimulation and muscle lengthening
Authors: Pineau Antoine , Martin Alain , Lepers Romuald , Papaiordanidou Maria
Published: September 2024

The results of the present study highlight the importance of using electrical stimulation modalities that preferentially activate Ia afferents to take advantage of the superimposition of muscle lengthening to further enhance afferent pathways’ contribution to evoked torque and, in turn, increase torque production. These results offer the opportunity to improve the efficacy of the wide-pulse high-frequency stimulation modality.
Association between neurovascular coupling and neural signals in the resting state as revealed by a combined fMRI and magnetoencephalography study in humans
Authors: Georgopoulos Apostolos P. , Christova Peka , Leuthold Arthur C. , James Lisa M.
Published: September 2024

Here, we report on a weak positive association between turnovers of blood oxygenation level-dependent (TBOLD) and magnetoencephalographic (TMEG) signals in 57 healthy human subjects in a resting, task-free state. More specifically, we found that the purely neural TMEG accounted for 11.1% of the TBOLD, a percentage remarkably close to that found between resting-state local field potentials (LFPs) and BOLD recorded concurrently in animal experiments.
Development of a Breast Cancer Risk Prediction Model Integrating Monogenic, Polygenic, and Epidemiologic Risk
Authors: Kalia Sarah S. , Boddicker Nicholas J. , Yadav Siddhartha , Huang Hongyan , Na Jie , Hu Chunling , Ambrosone Christine B. , Yao Song , Haiman Christopher A. , Chen Fei , John Esther M. , Kurian Allison W. , Guo Boya , Lindstrӧm Sara , Auer Paul , Lacey James V. , Neuhausen Susan L. , Martinez Maria Elena , Sandler Dale P. , O’Brien Katie M. , Taylor Jack A. , Teras Lauren R. , Hodge James M. , Lori Adriana , Bodelon Clara , Trentham-Dietz Amy , Burnside Elizabeth S. , Vachon Celine M. , Winham Stacey J. , Goldgar David E. , Domchek Susan M. , Nathanson Katherine L. , Weitzel Jeffrey N. , Couch Fergus J. , Kraft Peter
Published: September 2024

Background:

Breast cancer has been associated with monogenic, polygenic, and epidemiologic (clinical, reproductive, and lifestyle) risk factors, but studies evaluating the combined effects of these factors have been limited.

Methods:

We extended previous work in breast cancer risk modeling, incorporating pathogenic variants (PV) in six breast cancer predisposition genes and a 105-SNP polygenic risk score (PRS), to include an epidemiologic risk score (ERS) in a sample of non-Hispanic White women drawn from prospective cohorts and population-based case–control studies, with 23,518 cases and 22,832 controls, from the Cancer Risk Estimates Related to Susceptibility (CARRIERS) Consortium.

Results:

The model predicts 4.4-fold higher risk of breast cancer for postmenopausal women with no predisposition PV and median PRS, but with the highest versus lowest ERS. Overall, women with CHEK2 PVs had >20% lifetime risk of breast cancer. However, 15.6% of women with CHEK2 PVs and a family history of breast cancer, and 45.1% of women with CHEK2 PVs but without a family history of breast cancer, had low (<20%) predicted lifetime risk and thus were below the threshold for MRI screening. CHEK2 PV carriers at the 10th percentile of the joint distribution of ERS and PRS, without a family history of breast cancer, had a predicted lifetime risk similar to the general population.

Conclusions:

These results illustrate that an ERS, alone and combined with the PRS, can contribute to clinically relevant risk stratification.

Impact:

Integrating monogenic, polygenic, and epidemiologic risk factors in breast cancer risk prediction models may inform personalized screening and prevention efforts.
Metabolic Tumor Volume Response after Bridging Therapy Determines Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Outcomes in Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Hubbeling Harper , Leithner Doris , Silverman Emily A. , Flynn Jessica , Devlin Sean , Shah Gunjan , Fregonese Beatrice , Wills Beatriz , Bedmutha Akshay , Alarcon Tomas Ana , Parascondola Allison , Saldia Amethyst , Landego Ivan , Hajj Carla , Boardman Alexander P. , Dahi Parastoo B. , Ghosh Arnab , Giralt Sergio , Lin Richard J. , Park Jae , Scordo Michael , Salles Gilles , Yahalom Joachim , Palomba Maria L. , Schöder Heiko , Perales Miguel-Angel , Shouval Roni , Imber Brandon S.
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

Greater disease burden is a well-established predictor of poorer outcomes following chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T) therapy. Although bridging therapy (BT) is widely used between leukapheresis and CAR T infusion, limited data have evaluated the impact of BT on CAR T outcomes. In this study, we hypothesized that the quantitative dynamics of radiomic cytoreduction during bridging are prognostic.

Experimental Design:

Patients with large B-cell lymphoma treated with CD19-CAR T from 2016 to 2022 were included in the study. Metabolic tumor volume (MTV) was determined for all patients on pre-leukapheresis PET and on post-BT/pre-infusion PET in those who received BT. Patients were stratified into “High” and “Low” disease burden using an MTV cutpoint of 65.4cc established by maximally selected log-rank statistic for progression-free survival (PFS).

Results:

Of 191 patients treated with CAR T, 144 (75%) received BT. In the BT cohort, 56% had a reduction in MTV post-BT. On multivariate analysis, the MTV trajectory across the bridging period remained significantly associated with PFS (P < 0.001); however, notably, patients with improved MTV (High->Low) had equivalent PFS compared with those with initially and persistently low MTV (Low->Low; HR for High->Low MTV: 2.74; 95% confidence interval, 0.82–9.18). There was a reduction in any grade immune effector cell–associated neurotoxicity syndrome in the High->Low MTV cohort as compared with the High->High MTV cohort (13% vs. 41%; P = 0.05).

Conclusions:

This is the first study to use radiomics to quantify disease burden pre- and post-BT in a large real-world large B-cell lymphoma cohort. We demonstrate that effective BT can enable initially high–disease burden patients to achieve post–CAR T outcomes comparable with low–disease burden patients.
Second Primary Malignancies after CAR T-Cell Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 5,517 Lymphoma and Myeloma Patients
Authors: Tix Tobias , Alhomoud Mohammad , Shouval Roni , Cliff Edward R. Scheffer , Perales Miguel-Angel , Cordas dos Santos David M. , Rejeski Kai
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a potent immunotherapy for hematologic malignancies, but patients can develop long-term adverse events, including second primary malignancies (SPM) that impact morbidity and mortality. To delineate the frequency and subtypes of SPMs following CAR-T in lymphoma and myeloma, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Experimental Design:

A literature search was conducted in the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases. Following the extraction of SPM cases and assignment of malignant origin, we analyzed SPM point estimates using random effects models.

Results:

We identified 326 SPMs across 5,517 patients from 18 clinical trials and 7 real-world studies. With a median follow-up of 21.7 months, the overall SPM point estimate was 6.0% (95% confidence interval, 4.8%–7.4%). SPM estimates were associated with treatment setting (clinical trials > real-world studies), duration of follow-up, and number of prior treatment lines, which were each confirmed as independent study-level risk factors of SPM in a meta-regression model. A subgroup meta-analysis of the four trials that randomized CAR-T versus standard-of-care revealed a similar risk of SPM with either treatment strategy (P = 0.92). In a distribution analysis of SPM subtypes, hematologic malignancies were the most common entity (37%), followed by solid tumors (27%) and non-melanoma skin cancers (16%). T-cell malignancies represented a small minority of events (1.5%). We noted disease- and product-specific variations in SPM distribution.

Conclusions:

These data raise awareness of SPM as a clinically relevant long-term adverse event in patients receiving CAR T-cell therapy. However, our findings do not indicate that SPM frequency is higher with CAR-T versus previous standard-of-care strategies.
Superman: entre quadrinhos, discurso, foice e martelo
Authors: Silva Marcelo Travassos da
Published: September 2024

Propõe uma interpretação crítica sobre narrativa publicada em 2003 a respeito do primeiro super-herói criado para as histórias em quadrinhos. Publicado a partir de 1938, nos Estados Unidos, o texto desse personagem se relaciona com o contexto de sua criação. Com o passar dos anos, Superman foi incorporando vários discursos em suas narrativas, entre eles o American way. Reconhecendo isso, a narrativa intitulada Superman: herança vermelha (entre a foice e o martelo) é analisada como gênero textual e discursivo, de acordo com o escopo teórico escolhido, utilizando a teoria social do discurso criada pelo linguista Norman Fairclough, fundador da análise crítica do discurso, na área da Linguística. Essa teoria destaca três dimensões de análise, iniciando no texto, depois prática discursiva e, por fim, a prática social. A metodologia adotada seleciona sequências e quadros estáticos para analisar a construção discursiva do herói socialista. Como resultado, a percepção de que esse personagem é também, ideológico.
Reflexões discursivas sobre a descrição verbal de quadrinhos prescrita pelo MEC
Authors: Schuabb Rafael
Published: September 2024

Apresenta a pesquisa que visou a problematização discursiva da Nota Técnica nº 21, de 10 de abril de 2012, do Ministério da Educação, a respeito da prescrição para a descrição de histórias em quadrinhos para leitores deficientes visuais que se encontra nesse material oficial do Governo. Foram empregados alguns conceitos da análise de discurso materialista, em grande parte advindos dos estudos de Pêcheux, tais como: esquecimento da ordem da enunciação, ilusão referencial, polissemia, deslocamento semântico e antecipação. Com base nesses elementos discursivos, a pesquisa debate a interferência da produção semântica propiciada pelas formações discursivas do profissional descritor durante a sua prática de trabalho, procurando entender como esses sentidos atravessam o material final que será consumido por seu público-alvo.
A altura das falas na ‘realidade’ e na ficção audiovisual: reflexões sobre representação e representatividade
Authors: Nwabasili Mariana Queen
Published: September 2024

O artigo tem como intenção analisar as associações comumente feitas entre representação e representatividade, que supõem que a representatividade entre produtores leva necessariamente à representação positiva de determinados grupos e minorias sociais em obras faccionais, ou que toda e qualquer representação ficcional levam à representatividade positiva (no sentido de diversidade, identificação, aceitação e reconhecimento) de determinados grupos sociais nessas obras. Para isso, são propostas reflexões sobre as (não) falas das personagens protagonistas do vídeo Angry black woman (2014) e do filme Vênus negra (2010), este último do diretor franco-tunisiano Abdellatif Kechiche.
Jornalismo e subjetividade: a poética da grande reportagem
Authors: Essenfelder Renato
Published: September 2024

O artigo é resultado do projeto desenvolvido no âmbito do Grupo de Pesquisa Produção de Conteúdo, ligado ao Mestrado Profissional em Produção Jornalística e Mercado da ESPM-SP, e aplica o método da Análise Pragmática da Narrativa Jornalística para mapear e analisar as estratégias de subjetivação em uso em uma grande reportagem do site Brio, especializado em jornalismo de longo formato. Na reportagem selecionada, que aborda a maior tragédia ambiental da história do país, ocorrida em Mariana (MG) no final de 2015, verificou-se que os recursos típicos da literatura que aparecem com mais frequência e evidência são metáforas e expressões realçadoras da intensidade dramática do relato, como adjetivos e advérbios. No texto, o uso de recursos típicos da literatura parece estar a serviço não apenas de uma preocupação estética, mas também, paradoxalmente, de um esforço de autenticação do discurso jornalístico como portador da verdade ao sublinhar a presença do repórter in loco no local da tragédia, frente a frente com suas vítimas.
Leitura de "Campo de Flôres"
Authors: Lafetá João Luiz M.
Published: September 2024

nulo
“Você é o sujeito da Música!”: perspectivas críticas sobre composição musical e suas didáticas
Authors: Castelões Luiz
Published: September 2024

The main purpose of this paper is to offer critical perspectives on Music Composition and its Didactics, as adopted in Brazilian state-run universities. The methodology, qualitative in nature, consists of the critical assessment of publications and documents from the fields of Education, Music Education (pedagogic models and empirical studies), Music History, and Music Composition itself, as well as my own personal experience as a student, professor, and composer, in almost 30 years of university experience. Theoretical sources for this paper have included the contributions of composers such as H. J. Koellreutter, I. Guest, L. Pitombeira, and P. C. Lima, as well as of educators such as J. Dewey, A. Teixeira, A. Neill, P. Freire, I. Illich, S. Carneiro, Araújo e Sastre, S. Gallo, P. Demo, and B. Carine. The text's final form is inspired by the models of the essay (PRECIOSA, 2010; BARRENTO 2010), the chronicle (RIO, 2018), and the "vascularization" (BEJAN e ZANE, 2012). The preliminary result offered consists of a brief diagnosis of the presence of Music Composition in Brazilian state-run universities, along with basic guidelines for the satisfactory update of didactics for this field of studies – an update based on the restoration of the musical self through such aspects as his/her personality, ethnicity/race, musical culture, community, and ancestry –, as well as future measures for the advancement of Music Composition in Brazil.
Barulhinho do vapo vapo: pensando através do som e das pretitudes sônicas
Authors: Albuquerque G. G.
Published: September 2024

The idea of "black music" is constantly evoked in the press, academic research, and among fans and artists. But what exactly are we talking about when we think of black music? Is it any and all music played by black people? Or are we talking about music predominantly listened to by black people? Or perhaps it is the case of the most popular musical genres in outskirts of the cities, where the black population has been pushed? This article presents the theoretical proposal of sonic blackness as a means to investigate the issue by breaking away from a view that asserts "black music" as a biological or sociological determinant. In contrast, sonic blackness is configured as a methodological principle to analyze black music as an epistemology and artistic discourse. Dissociating from the logic of representation and representativeness (which would identify black music as music only made by black people and/or predominantly appreciated by black people), sonic blackness brings to the forefront reflections on creative methods, artistic forms, and dark aesthetic imaginations—that is, modes of creation that make racialization a radical formal proposition capable of challenging the musical conceptions of the Western hegemonic white tradition. In this way, we insist on an epistemology of thinking through sound, taking it as a system of thought in its own right, in which new questions and premises emerge in the studies of sound, music, and blackness.
Entre o samba e o pensamento feminista negro: práticas de autodefinição em canções sobre o amor
Authors: Furtado Lucianna
Published: September 2024

Este artigo aborda as práticas de autodefinição em canções de samba compostas e cantadas por mulheres negras, a partir das obras de Dona Ivone Lara e de Leci Brandão sobre relações afetivo-sexuais. Fundamentada pelo pensamento feminista negro e por epistemologias afrodiaspóricas, a análise realiza um espelhamento entre as formas de construção da sujeita eu lírica presentes nas letras das canções e um panorama de experiências compartilhadas por mulheres negras no campo afetivo-sexual, marcadas pelo entrecruzamento das opressões de raça, gênero e classe. Por meio da interação entre essas duas dimensões, sistematizo as contribuições das obras poético-musicais de Dona Ivone Lara e de Leci Brandão para o acervo do pensamento feminista negro brasileiro, evidenciando os pontos de convergência e particularidades de cada uma em suas práticas de autodefinição, de afirmação feminina negra e de restituição de humanidade para mulheres negras.
Fred Moten e a vanguarda sentimental negra
Authors: Inacio Romulo
Published: September 2024

This work proposes a possible aesthetic topology of a Black Sentimental Vanguard, designed poetically and philosophically by Fred Moten. In the exercise of elaborating Afro subjectivities outside of tragic determinations, Moten develops the Black Avant-garde as a sentimental dimension that, emerging from the holds of slave ships, manifests itself paraontologically as a destabilizing force in the ethical and aesthetic structures of modernity. I observe that for Moten, in this process of inventing realities and community orders, black people ontologically improvise, creating their subjectivities through collective performativities.
Association Between Periconceptional Diet Quality and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's Study
Authors: Okubo Hitomi , Nakayama Shoji F. , Mito Asako , Arata Naoko , Kamijima Michihiro , Yamazaki Shin , Ohya Yukihiro , Kishi Reiko , Yaegashi Nobuo , Hashimoto Koichi , Mori Chisato , Ito Shuichi , Yamagata Zentaro , Inadera Hidekuni , Nakayama Takeo , Sobue Tomotaka , Shima Masayuki , Kageyama Seiji , Suganuma Narufumi , Ohga Shoichi , Katoh Takahiko
Published: September 2024

Background

Little is known about the relationship of healthy diets, which are widely recommended to prevent diseases in general populations, with the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), particular among non‐Western populations with different dietary habits. We aimed to investigate the association between periconceptional diet quality and the risk of HDP among pregnant Japanese women.

Methods and Results

Dietary intake over 1 year before the first trimester of pregnancy was assessed using a validated, self‐administered food frequency questionnaire among 81 113 pregnant Japanese women who participated in a prospective cohort of the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Overall diet quality was assessed by the Balanced Diet Score (BDS) based on adherence to the country‐specific dietary guidelines and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score. Cases of HDP were identified by medical record transcription. The association between diet quality and HDP risk was examined using Bayesian logistic regression models with monotonic effects. We identified 2383 (2.9%) cases of HDP. A higher BDS was associated with a lower risk of HDP. When comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of the BDS, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of HDP was 0.83 (95% credible interval [CrI], 0.73–0.94). The DASH score and HDP risk were inversely associated in a monotonic dose–response manner (aOR per 1‐quintile increase in the DASH score, 0.92 [95% CrI, 0.89–0.95]).

Conclusions

A high‐quality diet, which is recommended for disease prevention in general populations, before conception may also reduce the risk of HDP among pregnant Japanese women.
Causal Associations of Sleep Apnea With Alzheimer Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Cavaillès Clémence , Andrews Shea J. , Leng Yue , Chatterjee Aadrita , Daghlas Iyas , Yaffe Kristine
Published: September 2024

Background

Sleep apnea (SA) has been linked to an increased risk of dementia in numerous observational studies; whether this is driven by neurodegenerative, vascular, or other mechanisms is not clear. We sought to examine the bidirectional causal relationships between SA, Alzheimer disease (AD), coronary artery disease (CAD), and ischemic stroke using Mendelian randomization.

Methods and Results

Using summary statistics from 4 recent, large genome‐wide association studies of SA (n=523 366), AD (n=94 437), CAD (n=1 165 690), and stroke (n=1 308 460), we conducted bidirectional 2‐sample Mendelian randomization analyses. Our primary analytic method was fixed‐effects inverse variance–weighted (IVW) Mendelian randomization; diagnostics tests and sensitivity analyses were conducted to verify the robustness of the results. We identified a significant causal effect of SA on the risk of CAD (odds ratio [OR
IVW
]=1.35 per log‐odds increase in SA liability [95% CI=1.25–1.47]) and stroke (OR
IVW
=1.13 [95% CI=1.01–1.25]). These associations were somewhat attenuated after excluding single‐nucleotide polymorphisms associated with body mass index (OR
IVW
=1.26 [95% CI=1.15–1.39] for CAD risk; OR
IVW
=1.08 [95% CI=0.96–1.22] for stroke risk). SA was not causally associated with a higher risk of AD (OR
IVW
=1.14 [95% CI=0.91–1.43]). We did not find causal effects of AD, CAD, or stroke on risk of SA.

Conclusions

These results suggest that SA increased the risk of CAD, and the identified causal association with stroke risk may be confounded by body mass index. Moreover, no causal effect of SA on AD risk was found. Future studies are warranted to investigate cardiovascular pathways between sleep disorders, including SA, and dementia.
Twenty‐Four‐Hour Post‐Thrombolysis NIHSS Score As the Strongest Prognostic Predictor After Acute Ischemic Stroke: ENCHANTED Study
Authors: You Shoujiang , Wang Yanan , Wang Xia , Maeda Toshiki , Ouyang Menglu , Han Qiao , Li Qiang , Song Lili , Zhao Yang , Chen Chen , Delcourt Candice , Ren Xinwen , Carcel Cheryl , Zhou Zien , Cao Yongjun , Liu Chun‐Feng , Zheng Danni , Arima Hisatomi , Robinson Thompson G. , Chen Xiaoying , Lindley Richard I. , Chalmers John , Anderson Craig S.
Published: September 2024

Background

This study was conducted to determine optimal predictive ability of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) measurements at baseline, 24 hours, and change from baseline to 24 hours after thrombolysis on functional recovery in patients with acute ischemic stroke who participated in the ENCHANTED (Enhanced Control of Hypertension and Thrombolysis Stroke Study).

Methods and Results

ENCHANTED was an international, multicenter, 2×2 quasifactorial, prospective, randomized open trial of low‐dose versus standard‐dose intravenous alteplase and intensive versus guideline‐recommended blood pressure lowering in thrombolysis‐eligible patients with acute ischemic stroke. Absolute (baseline minus 24 hours) and percentage (absolute change/baseline × 100) changes in NIHSS scores were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses assessed performance of different NIHSS measurements on 90‐day favorable functional recovery (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score 0–2) and excellent functional recovery (mRS score 0–1). Youden index was used to identify optimal predictor cutoff points. A total of 4410 patients in the ENCHANTED trial were enrolled. The 24‐hour NIHSS score had the highest discriminative ability for predicting favorable 90‐day functional recovery (mRS score 0–2; area under the curve 0.866 versus 0.755, 0.689, 0.764;
P
<0.001) than baseline, absolute, and percentage change of NIHSS score, respectively. The optimal cutoff point of 24‐hour NIHSS score for predicting favorable functional recovery was ≤4 (sensitivity 66.5%, specificity 87.1%, adjusted odds ratio, 9.44 [95% CI, 7.77–11.48]). The 24‐hour NIHSS score (≤3) was the best predictor of 90‐day excellent functional recovery (mRS score 0–1). Findings were consistent across subgroups, including sex, race, baseline NIHSS score, stroke subtype, and age.

Conclusions

In thrombolysis‐eligible patients with acute ischemic stroke, 24‐hour NIHSS score (optimal cutpoint of 4) is the strongest predictor of 90‐day functional recovery over baseline and early change of NIHSS score.

Registration

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique Identifier: NCT01422616.
High iron in mouse olfactory ensheathing cells at the glia limitans in the olfactory bulb underlies MRI T2* hypointensity
Authors: Liu Li , Tao-Cheng Jung-Hwa , Rallapalli Hari , Dodd Stephen , Bouraoud Nadia , Koretsky Alan P.
Published: September 2024

Brain iron is important for normal function, and aberrantly high iron is often associated with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Oligodendrocytes are a major source of iron in brain as are iron-laden activated macrophages and microglia. T2*-weighted MRI detected a large decrease in signal at the olfactory nerve layer (ONL) in normal young mice over the period of 3 to 12 weeks of age, consistent with iron accumulation in this region. This signal change was most prominent in the inner nerve fiber layer (iNFL). Iron histochemistry, ferritin immunohistology, and electron microscopy showed that there was high iron and ferritin in the olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) in the iNFL of ONL. The iron concentration in the iNFL was calculated to be approximately 2–3 mM based on MRI T2* relaxivity. The glomerular region near the high-iron iNFL had evidence of neuroinflammation markers of activated microglia and lipofuscin. Lipofuscin was found within the activated microglia as early as 6 weeks. In rats, MRI T2* signal loss in the ONL and high iron levels and lipofuscin were only detected in older rats (11 months) but not in young rats. These results indicate that mouse OECs develop high levels of iron at an early age. It is not clear if this iron is important for mouse OEC function or a result of phagocytic activity of OECs. The relation between iron and inflammation may be interesting to study in these young, healthy mice.
Kefir recovered depressive-like behaviour in CantonS lineage of Drosophila melanogaster exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress protocol
Authors: Oliveira T.G.C. , Malta S.M. , Marson E.O. , Trovó A.G. , Justino A.B. , Bittar V.P. , Espindola F.S. , Tomiosso T.C. , Ueira-Vieira C. , Zanon R.G.
Published: September 2024

Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) is a widely accepted method for inducing depressive-like states in animal models. We decided to explore the effects of CUMS on the CantonS lineage of Drosophila melanogaster, which differs from the OregonR lineage in various ways. Additionally, we wanted to investigate the potential benefits of kefir in treating these chronically stressed flies, as previous research has shown promising results in using kefir components for depression treatment. To begin, we exposed male CantonS flies to a 10-day CUMS protocol and compared them to non-stressed flies. Within the stressed group, we had two subgroups: one treated with kefir (CUMS + Kefir group) and the other treated with sertraline (positive control). We then analysed various factors including serotonin levels, brain structure, markers of oxidative damage in lipids and proteins, and behavioural manifestations such as sociability, locomotor function, and anhedonic-like behaviour. Our results showed that flies exposed to CUMS experienced a decrease in serotonin levels without any signs of degeneration. They also exhibited reduced sociability, increased motor agitation, and decreased sucrose consumption, which are all indicative of stress-induced depressive-like behaviour. However, treatment with sertraline partially reversed these effects. Interestingly, treatment with kefir not only restored serotonin levels but also improved sociability and anhedonic-like behaviours. Additionally, flies in the CUMS + Kefir group had a longer lifespan compared to their untreated counterparts. These findings suggest that kefir has multiple advantageous effects on flies subjected to the 10-day CUMS protocol. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the CantonS lineage of D. melanogaster displays depressive-like manifestations after exposure to CUMS. Furthermore, kefir emerges as a powerful nutritional tool capable of reversing these effects and promoting beneficial outcomes in chronically stressed flies.
Is the Knowability Paradox Really the Paradox It Is Taken to Be?
Authors: Guldmann Finn
Published: September 2024

I first present the rudiments of the knowability paradox and state it in the usual formal style. Second, I present my intuition that it is not a paradox at all: it does not involve the contradiction it allegedly implies. Third, I point out where the argument for the paradox goes wrong.
A Danish Professor of Philosophy
Authors: Koch Carl Henrik
Published: September 2024

On the occasion of the seventy-fifth birthday of Professor Dr. Phil. Finn Collin—whom I warmly congratulate while wishing him many more fruitful years of retirement—I would like to cast a glance back at one of his predecessors, Frithiof Brandt (1892–1968). Brandt held the position of professor in philosophy and psychology at the University of Copenhagen from 1922 to 1958. Today, Brandt is largely forgotten, but during his lifetime, he was a significant figure in Danish philosophy and psychology, and especially in Danish cultural life.