bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishment of ameloblastoma cell line, AM‐1
Authors: Harada Hidemitsu , Mitsuyasu Takeshi , Nakamura Norifumi , Higuchi Yoshinori , Toyoshima Kuniaki , Taniguchi Akiyoshi , Yasumoto Shigeru
Published: August 2010

Ameloblastomas are slowly growing, locally invasive neoplasms with a potentially destructive behaviour. The molecular mechanisms that regulate the cell growth and invasion of ameloblastoma cells are unknown. Because ameloblastoma cells placed in culture have a very limited lifespan, the establishment of immortalized clones of ameloblastoma cells would aid its study. We produced an immortalized ameloblastoma cell line (AM‐1) using human papillomavirus type‐16. This cell line maintains epithelial cell morphology and expresses cytokeratins K8, K14, K18, K19. Furthermore, bcl‐2 protein, which prevents apoptosis, is expressed. We investigated the behaviour of these cells on a collagen matrix in vitro. These cells grew in a monolayer over foci of collagen degradation and could invade the collagen gel at such sites. Since the behavior of cell line AM‐1 mimics the behavior of ameloblastoma in vivo, it may be a valuable model for the study of these neoplasms.
The effect of limited exposure to antifungal agents on the germ tube formation of oral Candida albicans
Authors: Ellepola A. N. B. , Samaranayake L. P.
Published: August 2010

Candidal adherence has been implicated as the first step in the pathogenesis of oral candidosis, and germ tube formation byCandida albicanshas been attributed as a co‐factor that promotes adherence. Oral candidosis is treated with polyenes and the azole group of antifungal agents. As the intraoral concentrations of antifungals fluctuate considerably due to the dynamics of the oral cavity, we investigated the effect of short exposure to sub‐lethal concentrations of antifungals on the germ tube formation ofCandida albicans.After determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the antifungal agents, ten oral isolates ofCandida albicanswere exposed to sub‐lethal concentrations of nystatin (6xMIC), amphotericin B (8xMIC), 5‐fluorocytosine (8xMIC), ketoconazole (4xMIC) and fluconazole (4xMIC), for 1 h. Following removal of the antifungal agent and subsequent incubation in a germ tube‐inducing medium, the germ tube formation of these isolates was quantified. When compared with the controls, exposure to nystatin and amphotericin B almost completely inhibited germ tube formation of all the isolates (mean percentage reduction of 97.68 and 97.52%, respectively;P<0.0001), while ketoconazole suppressed this activity to a lesser degree (30.84%;P=0.0174). However, 5‐fluorocytosine‐ and fluconazole‐mediated germ tube suppression was minimal (12.63 and 15.93%, respectively;P=0.3255 andP=0.3791). In clinical terms, these findings indicate that short exposure to sub‐therapeutic levels of commonly prescribed antifungals may modulate candidal germ tube formation, and thereby the clearance of the organisms from the oral cavity.
Clear cell odontogenic tumour: a case with induction of dentin‐like structures?
Authors: Miyauchi Mutsumi , Ogawa Ikuko , Takata Takashi , Ito Hiroshi , Nikai Hiromasa , Ijuhin Naokuni , Tanimoto Keiji , Itoh Yoshiaki
Published: August 2010

A case of clear cell odontogenic tumour, which occurred centrally in the mandible of a 56‐year‐old Japanese woman, is reported with its histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings. Histologically, the tumour nests were composed of large glycogen‐rich clear cells and small non‐clear polygonal cells and were separated by thin mature fibrous connective tissue septae. Immunohistochemically, both types of tumour cells showed positive expression of various cytokeratins, in particular cytokeratin 19, and of epithelial membrane antigen. Eosinophilic hyaline deposits and possible dentin‐like structures were occasionally formed in contact with the epithelial nests and are regarded as indicative of the epithelial‐mesenchymal inductive capacity of this tumour. The aggressive nature of the present tumour was assumed through its invasive growth pattern and occasional mitotic figures. Although it was diagnosed as clear cell odontogenic tumour according to the present WHO classification, the patient must be followed carefully because of its probable malignant nature.
Minor salivary gland hyalinisation and amyloidosis in low‐grade lymphoma of MALT
Authors: Odell E. W. , Lombardi T. , Shirlaw P. J. , White C. A. M.
Published: August 2010

Two patients with low‐grade lymphoma of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) arising in primary Sjögren's syndrome developed solitary nodules in their lips. Histologically both lesions showed enlargement and hyalinisation of single minor salivary glands with acinar atrophy, loss of most ducts and conversion into almost acellular sclerotic eosinophilic masses. In one case the lesion was shown to contain an amyloid component. No amyloid was detected in the second case but deposition of collagen and basement membrane and sclerotic neoplasm were excluded.
p53 alterations in betel quid‐ and tobacco‐associated oral squamous cell carcinomas from Taiwan
Authors: Wong Yong‐Kie , Liu Tsung‐Yun , Chang Kuo‐Wei , Lin Shu‐Chun , Chao Tsurn‐Waan , Li Pei‐Lun , Chang Che‐Shoa
Published: August 2010

Alterations of p53 have been explored in Taiwanese oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) consisting of a betel quid (BQ)/tobacco‐related subgroup of 36 subjects and a tobacco‐related subgroup of 13 subjects. Mutations in conserved exons were found in 12 tumors. Seven mutations were clustered in a hot‐spot region mapped to a region between codons 273–282 in exon 8. The incidence of p53 mutation in BQ/tobacco tumors was 22% (8/36). The frequency of p53 allelic loss (21%, 3/14) in BQ/tobacco tumors approximates to the incidence of mutation. This is the first study demonstrating allelic deletion of p53 in such malignancies. Twenty‐four of 43 samples showed positive p53 immunostaining. All tumors harboring mis‐sense mutations of p53 in conserved exons exhibited nuclear protein accumulation. The incidence of mutation in conserved exons in BQ/tobacco‐associated Asian OSCCs (15%) is significantly different from worldwide OSCCs (46%) related primarily to tobacco consumption (P=0.00001).
Regulation of fibroblast‐induced collagen gel contraction by interleukin‐1β
Authors: Irwin C. R. , Myrillas T. , Smyth M. , Doogan J. , Rice C. , Schor S. L.
Published: August 2010

Fibroblasts incorporated within collagen gels induce a cell‐mediated contraction of the gel to form a three‐dimensional, tissue‐like structure by a mechanism thought to mimic wound contraction in vivo. In this study a gel contraction model was used to investigate the ability of fibroblasts derived from adult gingiva, adult skin and fetal skin to organise a collagen matrix. In addition the effects of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) on the contraction process was also investigated. Over the concentration range 5‐50 U/ml, IL‐1β induced a statistically significant inhibition of gel contraction in all fibroblast cell types (P<0.05), although fetal fibroblasts appeared least responsive and gingival fibroblasts most responsive to the inhibitory effects of this cytokine. Comparison of gel contraction by the different fibroblast strains indicated that fetal and gingival fibroblasts shared similar contraction kinetics. For the adult skin fibroblasts, three of five strains studied showed significantly diminished levels of gel contraction compared to fetal and gingival cells. This apparent difference in fibroblast phenotype may, at least in part, explain the fetal‐like wound healing pattern seen in the oral mucosa.
Cyclosporin A and hydroxycyclosporine (M‐17) affect the secretory phenotype of human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Mariotti Angelo , Hassell Thomas , Jacobs David , Manning C. Jo , Hefti Arthur F.
Published: August 2010

The responsiveness of human gingival fibroblast populations to cyclosporin A (CsA) and its principal metabolite, hydroxycyclosporine (M17), was evaluated in cell culture. Gingival fibroblasts exhibited a dose‐dependent accumulation and bell‐shaped distribution of dansylated CsA. A 100‐fold excess of non‐labeled CsA prevented the accumulation of the fluorescent probe in the fibroblasts. Both CsA (400 ng/ml) and M17 (100 ng/ml) stimulated mean gingival fibroblast cell number to 23.2% and 36.7% above controls, and reduced mean collagen production by 37.7% and 37.4% below controls, respectively; however, neither CsA nor M17 affected mean protean production in comparison to control cultures. Analyses of responses to CsA and M17 by ligand‐accumulating and non‐accumulating fibroblasts sorted out from the parent cultures did not provide consistent interstrain responses either by cells representing the upper quartile of fluorescence or cells representing the bottom quartiles of fluorescence. These data demonstrate that CsA is accumulated by gingival fibroblasts and that CsA and M17 are potent modulators of gingival fibroblast phenotype.
Expression of regulatory apoptotic proteins in peripheral giant cell granulomas and lesions containing osteoclast‐like giant cells
Authors: Pammer J. , Mazal P. , Horvat R. , Weninger W. , Hulla H.
Published: August 2010

Peripheral giant cell granuloma consists of monononuclear cells and osteoclast‐like giant cells. The proliferative ability of peripheral giant cell granuloma is restricted to the mononuclear cell compartment, whereas multinucleated giant cells lack mitotic activity. Although the proliferative compartment of peripheral giant cell granuloma has been investigated in detail, the expression and distribution of proteins regulating apoptosis is unknown. The present study demonstrates strong expression of bak and bax in the majority of giant cells. In contrast, giant cells show only weak positivity for bcl‐2 and moderate positivity for bcl‐x. Mononuclear cells were negative to weakly positive for bcl‐x. Only scattered mononuclear cells were positive for bak, bax and bcl‐2. The frequency of apoptotic nuclei detected by TUNEL‐staining compared to regular nuclei was 18 times higher in giant cells than in mononuclear cells. In summary, our findings support the presumption that giant cells of bone and soft tissue tumors are reactive cell forms and not of neoplastic origin.
Case report: Cartilaginous choristomas of the tongue: review of the literature and report of three cases
Authors: Mosqueda‐Taylor Adalberto , González‐Guevara Martha , de la Piedra‐Garza José Mario , Diaz‐Franco Marco Antonio , Toscano‐Garcia Iovanna , Cruz‐León Ariel
Published: August 2010

Three cases of cartilaginous choristomas of the tongue are presented. Two lesions occurred in women of 71 and 28 years of age whose lesions were located in the middle third of the dorsum. The other lesion was found on the left lateral border in a 27‐year‐old man. The clinical, microscopic and immunohistochemical features are described. The lesions were easily excised with no recurrence after follow‐up periods of at least 6 months. The histogenesis and the differential diagnosis are discussed, and the literature is reviewed.
Immunohistochemical demonstration of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 and type II collagen in pleomorphic adenoma of salivary glands
Authors: Zhao Ming , Takata Takashi , Ogawa Ikuko , Takekoshi Toshitsugu , Nikai Hiromasa
Published: August 2010

Immunohistochemical investigation of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) and type II collagen, two cartilage‐associated proteins, was undertaken using monoclonal antibodies in 20 cases of salivary pleomorphic adenoma (PA) in order to explore their possible roles in chondroid differentiation of this tumor. Other salivary gland tumors, including adenoid cystic carcinoma (17 cases), polymorphous low‐grade adenocarcinoma (10 cases), basal cell adenoma (3 cases), basal cell adenocarcinoma (1 case), and epithelial‐myoepithelial carcinoma (2 cases), were also examined for comparison. In PA, BMP‐2 immunoreactivity was detected in the luminal and non‐luminal cells of the tubulo‐ductal structures, plasmacytoid cells, and other scattered tumor cells in solid areas. In addition, tumor cells in chondroid areas in most cases (14/15), and stellate cells in myxoid areas in many cases (7/19), were also intensely labeled for BMP‐2. Furthermore, BMP‐2 was also detected in the non‐neoplastic ductal cells in salivary glands, whereas no other salivary gland tumors were positively stained for this protein. Type II collagen was localized in the intercellular matrix of chondroid areas and in a few chondroid differentiating cells in myxoid areas, confirming its cartilage‐specificity. A proportional relationship was observed between BMP‐2 expression and chondroid formation, although BMP‐2 was also stained in occasional PAs without chondroid formation. It is speculated that BMP‐2 might be secreted by tumor cells and play a role in chondroid formation in PA by inducing some tumor cells to produce type II collagen and other chondroid matrical substances, like glycosaminoglycans. The expression of BMP‐2 is specific to PA and may possibly be used as a useful marker in differentiating PA from other salivary gland tumors.
Loss of heterozygosity at 5q 21–22 (adenomatous polyposis coli gene region) in oral squamous cell carcinoma is common and correlated with advanced disease
Authors: Mao Er‐Jia , Schwartz Stephen M. , Daling Janet R. , Beckmann Anna Marie
Published: August 2010

We determined the frequency of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosome 5q21–22 (adenomatous polyposis gene region) in oral SCC from 49 patients using PCR‐based assays. Of 43 informative (heterozygous) tumors, 41.9% [95% confidence interval (CI)=27.0, 57.9] contained LOH at 5q21–22. LOH at 5q21–22 was strongly associated with stage at diagnosis: 100% (3/3), 50% (13/26), and 14% (2/14) of tumors from patients with distant metastases, regional spread, and localized disease, respectively, contained this genetic alteration (P=0.01). There were no statistically significant associations between LOH at 5q21–22 and other patient or tumor characteristics, but LOH was more commonly found in the tumors of heavy smokers, infrequent alcohol consumers, and in tumors containing either p53 mutations or HPV‐DNA. In univariate analyses, LOH at 5q21–22 was associated with poor prognosis (hazard ratio=1.8, 95% CI 0.8, 4.5); this relationship did not persist after adjustment for stage of disease (hazard ratio=1.1, 95% CI=0.4, 3.1). These data provide further evidence that inactivation of the APC gene and/or other genes at 5q21–22 is common and may be involved in the development and/or progression of oral SCC. Larger studies are needed to determine whether LOH at 5q21–22 is linked to known oral SCC etiologic factors and/or the prognosis of oral SCC patients, as well as to genetic instability at other loci involved in these malignancies
Adhesion of oralC. albicansto human buccal epithelial cells following limited exposure to antifungal agents
Authors: Ellepola A. N. B. , Samaranayake L. P.
Published: August 2010

The major aetiologic agent of oral candidosis isC. albicans, and adhesion to oral mucosal surfaces is considered a vital prerequisite for successful colonisation and subsequent infection by this agent. Although many antimycotics are available for the treatment of oral candidosis, the diluent effect of saliva and the cleansing action of the oral musculature often tend to reduce the availability of the agents below that of the effective therapeutic concentration. Therefore, the yeasts undergo only a limited exposure to the antifungals during therapy. Hence, the main aim of the present study was to determine thein vitroadhesion of ten isolates of oralC. albicansto buccal epithelial cells (BEC) following a short exposure to sublethal concentrations of four antifungal agents. The yeasts were exposed to sublethal concentrations of nystatin (X6 MIC), 5‐fluorocytosine (X8 MIC), ketoconazole (X4 MIC) and fluconazole (X4 MIC) for a period of 1 h. Following subsequent removal of the drug, the adhesion of these isolates to BEC was assessed by a previously described adhesion assay. The mean percentage reductions of candidal adhesion to BEC following exposure to sublethal concentrations of nystatin, 5‐fluorocytosine, ketoconazole and fluconazole were 72.88%, 16.52%, 40.16% and 24.36%, respectively. Ultrastructural studies revealed that short exposure to nystatin and the azoles (but not 5‐fluorocytosine) resulted in aberrant cellular features. These findings indicate that subtherapeutic levels of antifungals may modulate candiadal colonisation of the oral mucosa and thereby suppress the invasive potential of the pathogen.
Development of smokeless tobacco‐induced oral mucosal lesions
Authors: Johnson Georgia K. , Payne Jeffrey B. , Fili James M. , Reinhardt Richard A. , Organ Connie C. , Slager Susan L.
Published: August 2010

This study examined clinical and inflammatory mediator parameters during the development of snuff‐induced mucosal lesions. Nineteen smokeless tobacco (ST) users placed moist snuff at designated new placement sites over either a 2‐or 7‐day period. By day 2, the predominant clinical alteration was an erythematous reaction, and one‐third of the subjects demonstrated white striations in combination with erythema or ulceration. By 7 days, 56% of the subjects displayed white striated lesions. Tissue concentrations (pg/mg) of IL‐1β were 4.6±1.6 at new placement sites as compared with 0.7±0.4 at control sites (P<0.05). PGE2 and IL‐1α concentrations also were significantly higher (P<0.05) at new placement sites as compared with control sites (9.4±2.2 vs 4.1±0.7 and 6.2±1.3 vs 3.2±0.7, respectively). In view of the recognized role of PGE2 and IL‐1 in immune and inflammatory functions, these mediators may play a role in the pathogenesis of clinical alterations at ST placement sites.
Palatal pleomorphic adenoma with florid squamous metaplasia: a potential diagnostic pitfall
Authors: Lam K. Y. , Ng Irene O. L. , Chan Gavin S. W.
Published: August 2010

We report a case of pleomorphic adenoma with extensive squamous metaplasia in the palate of a 52‐year‐old Chinese man. The dimensions of the tumor were 15x13x13 mm. More than 95% of the epithelial element in the tumor was composed of sheets of squamous cells with cyst formation. The pathogenesis, potential diagnostic pitfalls, proliferative activity and cytokeratin expression of this tumor are discussed.
Pericoronal hamartomatous lesions in the opercula of teeth delayed in eruption: an immunohistochemical study of the extracellular matrix
Authors: Yonemochi Hiroko , Noda Tadashi , Saku Takashi
Published: August 2010

Opercula of teeth delayed in eruption were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically to determine the possible causes for tooth eruption failure. Specimens were obtained from 58 patients with non‐erupted teeth by surgical removal of their gingival opercula. Among the 61 specimens, 31 (50.8%) were diagnosed as pericoronal myxofibrous hyperplasia (PMH), 8 (13.1%) as infantile ameloblastic fibromatosis (IAF), and 19 (31.2%) as odontomas. Histopathologically, PMH is characterized by hyperplasia of odontogenic mesenchymal tissues with a myxoid appearance in which odontogenic epithelial islands and mesenchymal multinucleated giant cells are scattered randomly. Between the mucosal epithelium and the PMH, there is a layer of fibrosis, whose matrix is strongly immunopositive for tenascin. The PMH seems to induce its overlying gingival mucosa to remodel the connective tissue, which obstructs tooth eruption. IAF is usually located adjacent to the PMH and shows an ameloblastic fibroma‐like histology with atrophic ameloblastic components and poor encapsulation. The findings suggest that IAF associated with PMH is not a true neoplasm and should be distinguished from ameloblastic fibromas by the name of IAF, and that both lesions are included in the range of hamartomas formed only in the pericoronal tissue of teeth in eruption. We propose to categorize these lesions into a new disease entity of pericoronal hamartomas of odontogenic origin.
Buccinator window anomaly
Authors: Lamey P.‐J. , Darwazeh A. M. G.
Published: August 2010

Four patients, three women and one man, with a mean age of 32 years, presented with a history of recurrent parotid swelling. In the women the swelling was unilateral. All had previously undergone sialography using a hand injection technique and no structural abnormality was demonstrated. Sialography was repeated using a continuous‐infusion pressure‐monitored system. In all cases an initial very high filling pressure (>200 mmHg) was recorded followed by a rapid reduction in pressure and a more normal filling pressure pattern. The duct system and glands all appeared morphologically normal. Treatment with acrylic appliance therapy and an intraductal catheter was attempted with some success.
Glandular odontogenic cyst (sialo‐odontogenic cyst): report of two cases and literature review of 45 previously reported cases
Authors: Koppang Hanna Strømme , Johannessen Stein , Haugen Ludvig K. , Haanæs Hans R. , Solheim Tore , Donath Karl
Published: August 2010

The clinical, radiological, histopathological and immunohistochemical (cytokeratin) features of two cases of glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) are presented and discussed in a review of 45 cases of GOC hitherto reported. Of cases with available information, 34 occurred in the mandible and 6 in the maxilla; the male:female ratio was 19:28, and the mean age was 46.7 years in males and 50.0 years in females. Six cysts recurred once after 2‐8 years (mean 2 years 8 months) and 2 (5.3%) recurred twice after 2 and 5 years and after 3 and 5 years, respectively, giving a rate of recurrence of 21%. The identification of osteodentin in one of the present cases and the co‐expression of cytokeratins (CK) 13, 19 and 8 strongly support the concept of odontogenic differentiation in the GOC. Careful surgical removal of the lesion succeeded by a 5‐year follow‐up period is recommended.
Recrudescent herpes simplex infection mimicking primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
Authors: Christie S. N. , McCaughey C. , Marley J. J. , Coyle P. V. , Scott D. A. , Lamey P.‐J.
Published: August 2010

Christie SN, McCaughey C, Marley J J, Coyle PV, Scott DA, Lamey P‐J: Recrudescent herpes simplex infection mimicking primary herpetic gingivostomatitis.

We report six cases of recrudescent intraoral herpes simplex infection clinically indistinguishable from primary herpetic gingivostomatitis. All infections occurred in healthy children or young adults. Serological analysis demonstrated herpes simplex virus (HSV)‐specific IgG at initial presentation, indicating that the infection was not a primary infection. Convalescent sera exhibited HSV‐specific IgM and a rising HSV‐specific IgG titre. These findings demonstrate that the initial clinical diagnosis of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis was erroneous and that what was actually being observed was widespread recrudescent intraoral herpes simplex infection.
Expression of heat shock proteins in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: an immunohistochemical study
Authors: Ito Takaaki , Kawabe Ryoichi , Kurasono Yukiko , Hara Masamichi , Kitamura Hitoshi , Fujita Kiyohide , Kanisawa Masayoshi
Published: August 2010

Ito T, Kawabe R, Kurasono Y, Hara M, Kitamura H, Fujita K, Kanisawa M: Expression of heat shock proteins in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: an immunohistochemical study. J Oral Pathol Med 1998; 27: 18–22. © Munksgaard, 1998.

Twenty‐four specimens of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue were immuno‐stained for heat shock proteins (HSPs) to reveal differences in stainability among normal epithelium, dysplasia and carcinoma and to clarify the prognostic significance of HSPs in comparison with survival period, clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, histological grade, and p53 immunostaining. Normal epithelium was positively stained in the suprabasal layer for HSP60 and HSP70, but was negative for HSP27 and HSP90. Dysplastic lesions were positive for HSP27, HSP70 and HSP90, but stained variously for HSP60. In squamous cell carcinoma, the cytoplasm of suprabasal tumor cells was often positive for HSP27 and HSP90 (18/24, 17/24, respectively). Although HSP immunohistochemistry has revealed changes in HSP expression during tumorigenesis of squamous epithelium of the tongue, there was no correlation between HSP staining and survival period, stage, lymph node metastasis, histological grade or p53 immunostaining.
Experimental odontogenic cysts induced byin vitro4‐nitroquinoline 1‐oxide (4NQO) treatment of F344 rat incisor tooth germs
Authors: Miura Yoshihiro , Ozaki Hiroki S. , Li Tie‐Jun , Uemura Masanori , Kitano Motoo
Published: August 2010

Miura Y, Ozaki HS, Li T‐J, Uemura M, Kitano M: Experimental odontogenic cysts induced byin vitro4‐nitroquinoline 1‐oxide (4NQO) treatment of F344 rat incisor tooth germs. J Oral Pathol Med 1998; 27: 53–8. © Munksgaard, 1998.

This study was designed to establish an experimental animal model for elucidating the early stages of odontogenic cysts and tumors. It involves thein vitrotreatment of tooth germs with 4‐nitroquinoline 1‐oxide (4NQO) at the early bell stage and their subsequent transplantation into the kidney subcapsular space. While all tooth germ transplants of the control group not exposed to the carcinogen showed continued tooth development with no pathological lesions, 21 of 23 4NQO‐treated tooth germs developed into similar appearing keratinized cysts with or without associated tooth structures. The remaining two transplants failed to develop cysts and formed only a tooth. The present experimental procedure was effective in inducing keratinized cystic lesions that exhibit some similarities to human odontogenic keratocysts or primordial cysts.
Assessment of growth potential by MIB‐1 immunohistochemistry in ameloblastic fibroma and related lesions of the jaws compared with ameloblastic fibrosarcoma
Authors: Sano Kazuo , Yoshida Shin‐ichi , Ninomiya Hidenori , Ikeda Hisazumi , Ueno Kei , Sekine Joji , Iwamoto Hiroaki , Uehara Masataka , Inokuchi Tsugio
Published: August 2010

Sano K, Yoshida S, Ninomiya H, Ikeda H, Ueno K, Sekine J, Iwamoto H, Uehara M, Inokuchi T: Assessment of growth potential by MIB‐1 immunohistochemistry in ameloblastic fibroma and related lesions of the jaws compared with ameloblastic fibrosarcoma. J Oral Pathol Med 1998; 27: 59–63. © Munksgaard, 1998.

Specimens from two ameloblastic fibromas (including one recurrent case), two ameloblastic fibro‐odontomas, and one ameloblastic fibrosarcoma were subjected to investigation by MIB‐1 immunohistochemistry in order to elucidate the growth potential of these tumors. MIB‐1 labeling indices in the epithelial component of these tumors ranged from 2.9 to 7.5%, whereas those in the mesenchymal component ranged from 1.5 to 13.5%. Of these, labeling indices in the mesenchymal component of the recurrent ameloblastic fibroma and ameloblastic fibrosarcoma were quite high. These findings suggest that evaluation of growth potential in ameloblastic fibroma and related lesions could be of help in understanding tumor aggressiveness and in selecting appropriate surgical procedures.
Histological effects and predictive biomarkers of TPP induction chemotherapy for oral carcinoma
Authors: Hamakawa Hiroyuki , Bao Yang , Takarada Manabu , Tanioka Hiroaki
Published: August 2010

Hamakawa H, Bao Y, Takarada M, Tanioka H: Histological effects and predictive biomarkers of TPP induction chemotherapy for oral carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 1998; 27: 87–94. © Munksgaard, 1998.

The effects of an induction chemotherapy with THP‐adriamycin, cisplatin, and peplomycin (TPP) were studied in 32 patients with operable oral cancer. The histological evaluation according to the Shimozato‐Oboshi classification was Grade (G) IV in ten cases (31.3%), GUI in one case, and Glib in four cases. Induction of apoptosis and differentiation‐inducing effects, hyperkeratinization or bone formation, were observed in some cases. The overall clinical response rate and histological response rate were 63% and 47%, respectively. Grade III was obtained in seven metastatic lymph nodes of three patients. The expressions of PCNA, p53, and AgNORs before and after chemotherapy were studied. The prechemotherapeutic PCNA positive cell index (PI) of the highly responsive tumors (GUI, IV) was significantly lower than that of the poorly responsive tumors (G0‐Ilb) (P < 0.01). Similar results were obtained in the evaluation of p53 PI (P < 0.05), suggesting that PCNA and p53 are useful biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of TPP chemotherapy.
Induction of adhesion molecule expression on blood vessels and keratinocytes in recurrent oral ulceration
Authors: Healy C. M. , Thornhill M. H.
Published: August 2010

Adhesion molecules are known to play a crucial role in the recruitment of inflammatory cells to sites of inflammation. In this study endothelial cell and keratinocyte adhesion molecule expression in recurrent oral ulcers (ROU) (n=13) was compared with that found in normal oral mucosa (NOM) (n=11) and experimentally induced ulcers (EIU) (n=5) by using immunohistochemistry. Significantly greater expression of both vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) and E‐selectin was demonstrated on vasculature in ROU compared with that found in both NOM and EIU. Induction of keratinocyte intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) was also a prominent feature of ROU. The expression of VCAM‐1 and E‐selectin on blood vessels in ROU is likely to be important in the accumulation of lymphocytes that characterise early aphthous lesions. The induction of keratinocyte ICAM‐1 may facilitate lymphocyte invasion of the epithelium in ROU, which may ultimately result in ulcer formation.
Salivary histatins in patients with recurrent oral candidiasis
Authors: Bercier John G. , Al‐Hashimi Ibtisam , Haghighat Nasser , Rees Terry D. , Oppenheim Frank G.
Published: August 2010

The level of salivary histatins was evaluated in 20 patients with a history of recurrent oral candidiasis and in age‐, sex‐matched healthy controls. Salivary pH, flow rate, total protein and histatins were compared. Results of this study indicated that salivary pH was significantly lower among patients than controls (5.9 vs 6.3, respectively, P=0.002). No significant difference was observed in the mean flow rate and total protein between patients and controls (0.39 ml/min/gland vs 0.46 ml/min/gland and 112.4 mg% vs 113.0 mg%, respectively). However, the mean salivary histatin levels were significantly higher among patients than controls, both in terms of concentration (16.8 mg% vs 11.1 mg%, P=0.016) as well as a ratio of total protein (15 mg/g vs 10 mg/g, P=0.018). These findings indicate that oral candidiasis is associated with increased levels of salivary histatin. Such a finding suggests that oral candidiasis may modulate the levels of salivary histatin.
Expression of p53 protein correlates with decreased survival in patients with areca quid chewing and smoking‐associated oral squamous cell carcinomas in Taiwan
Authors: Chiang Chun‐Pin , Huang Jehn‐Shyun , Wang Jeng‐Tzung , Liu Bu‐Yuan , Kuo Ying‐Shiung , Hahn Liang‐Jiunn , Kuo Mark Yen‐Ping
Published: August 2010

Expression of p53 protein was examined in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from patients who were areca quid (AQ) chewers and/or tobacco smokers, using anti‐p53 antibodies with an immunoperoxidase technique. Positive p53 stain was observed in 47 of 81 (58%) cases of oral SCC. p53 overexpression was found to higher in patients without AQ chewing and smoking habits than in patients with these two habits (80% vs 52%, P=0.076). No significant correlation was found between p53 expression and the patients' age, sex, cancer location, clinical staging, primary tumor TNM status, or histological differentiation of SCC. The Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed that the prognosis for patients with p53‐negative tumors was significantly better than that for patients with p53‐positive tumors (P<0.05). A significant correlation was also observed between positive lymph node status and poor prognosis (P<0.05). These results suggest that p53 may serve as an adjuvant marker of poor survival in patients with oral SCCs in Taiwan.
Osteopontin (OPN) distribution in premalignant and malignant lesions of oral epithelium and expression in cell lines derived from squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity
Authors: Devoll Robert E. , Li Wei , Woods Kendra V. , Pinero Gerald J. , Butler William T. , Farach‐Carson Mary C. , Happonen Risto‐Pekka
Published: August 2010

The objectives of this study were to assess the immunolocalization of human osteopontin (OPN) in oral lesions and to identify human cell lines of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) origin that express OPN mRNA. OPN was localized using immunohistochemistry in the following oral specimens: normal epithelium (n=6), epithelial hyperplasia (n=4), epithelial dysplasia (n=28), carcinoma in situ (n=11) and squamous cell carcinoma (n=43). Cell lines UMSCC‐1, MDA TU 138, MDA 686LN, SCC4, SCC9, SCC25, CAL 27 and MDA 1483 were characterized for OPN mRNA expression using Northern blotting. OPN was not detected in normal oral epithelium. Intracellular and intercellular immunore‐activity was seen in 75% of hyperplasias, 57% of dysplasias, 54% of carcinoma in situ and 67% of squamous cell carcinomas. UMSCC‐1 expressed high levels of OPN mRNA. We conclude that OPN protein is detectable in premalignant and malignant lesions arising from oral epithelium. UMSCC‐1 may be a useful cell line in which to conduct in vitro studies designed to clarify the role of OPN in OSCC.
Immunocompetent cells in amalgam‐associated oral lichenoid contact lesions
Authors: Laine Juhani , Konttinen Yrjö T. , Beliaev Nikita , Happonen Risto‐Pekka
Published: August 2010

Inflammatory cells in amalgam‐associated, oral lichenoid contact lesions (OLL) were studied in 19 patients by immunocytochemistry using monoclonal antibodies. Ten of the patients displayed allergic patch test (PT) reactions to several mercury compounds and nine were negative. The immunocytochemical quantification showed a uniform composition of the inflammatory mononuclear cells in the two study groups. The number of HLA‐D/DR‐positive dendritic cells (P<0.001) and CD1a‐positive Langerhans cells (P=0.035) was significantly lower in the PTnegative than PT‐positive patients. HLA‐D/DR expression on keratinocytes varied from negative to full thickness staining of the epithelium. HLA‐D/DR expression in the full thickness of epithelium (3) or through the basal and spinous cell layers (2) was seen in 5 of 8 PT‐positive patients, whereas none of the PT‐negative patients had this staining pattern (P=0.045). These patients also showed a good clinical response after amalgam removal. Consequently, OLL may represent a true delayed hypersensitivity reaction with a trans‐epithelial route of entrance of the metal haptens released from dental restorative materials.
Oral manifestations of HIV infection in a group of predominantly ethnic Chinese
Authors: Tsang P. C. S. , Samaranayake L. P.
Published: August 2010

A total of 32 HIV‐infected, predominantly ethnic Chinese individuals from Hong Kong were examined for oral mucosal lesions over a period of 1 year. The commonest oral lesion found was minor aphthous ulceration (27.4%), while xerostomia (17.8%), ulceration NOS (not otherwise specified; 12.3%), hairy leukoplakia (11.0%) and erythematous candidiasis (6.9%) were less frequent; Kaposi's sarcoma was notable for its absence. When the relationship between the number of oral lesions with age, risk group, medication taken, CDC staging and CD4+ count of the study group was investigated, a significantly higher number of oral lesions was associated with use of AZT, homosexuals and CDC stage IV; in contrast, a smaller number of lesions was found in those on antiparasitics and multivitamins (all P<0.05). When compared with studies from other parts of the world, the frequency of oral lesions appeared to be less common in the current study group. However, due to a lack of similar studies from the Asian region, especially in ethnic Chinese, it is not clear whether this difference could be attributed to racial, social or geographic factors.
Immunohistochemical detection of DNA topoisomerase type II α and Ki‐67 in adenoid cystic carcinoma and pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland
Authors: Hirabayashi Susumu
Published: August 2010

Immunohistochemical detection of cell proliferation‐associated antigens was investigated in 28 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and 20 cases of pleomorphic adenoma (PA), using antibodies against DNA topoisomerase type II α (topo‐II) (Ki‐S1) and Ki‐67 (MIB‐1). The correlation of staining indices with clinicopathological data, histological features and prognosis was also studied. The topo‐II value was significantly higher in ACC than in PA (P<0.0001), and highest in the solid growth pattern of ACC. In addition, significant relationships were found between topo‐II values and clinical features such as local recurrence, surgical margins, and distant metastases. By log‐rank test, the topo‐II index was also correlated significantly with patient survival (P<0.01). The values of topo‐II index paralleled those of Ki‐67 index in ACC, and a correlation coefficient of 0.97 was obtained. Topo‐II may be considered an additional marker for estimating the proliferating fraction of cells and for predicting the short‐term prognosis for patients with salivary gland tumors.
Effect of clodronate on macrophage depletion and adenoviral‐mediated transgene expression in salivary glands
Authors: Wang Songlin , Baum Bruce J. , Kagami Hideaki , Zheng Changyu , O'Connell Brain C , Atkinson Jane C.
Published: August 2010

Expression of transgenes from adenoviral vectors is short‐lived in salivary glands, in part because of immune responses to the virus and/or transgene product. Previous studies demonstrated that depletion of macrophages with multilamellar liposomes containing clodronate (Cl2MBP) increases adenoviral‐mediated transgene expression in the liver. This technique was tested in salivary glands. Rats were treated with Cl2MBP‐liposomes or control liposomes by femoral vein, intraperitoneal, or carotid artery injections. Thereafter, a recombinant adenovirus, AdCMV luciferase, was instilled intraductally in submandibular glands (SMGs), or delivered to the liver via femoral vein injection. Marked depletion (>94%) of liver macrophages and increased levels of luciferase activity in the liver (45‐fold higher than controls) were present in animals receiving Cl2MBP‐liposomes. In contrast, the same treatment never depleted more than 41% of SMG macrphages nor increased luciferase activity in SMGs, regardless of the route of administration. In conclusion, while macrophage depletion with Cl2MBP‐liposomes is associated with markedly increased adenoviral‐mediated transgene expression, this strategy was ineffective for salivary glands.
Systemic absorption of lidocaine after topical application for the treatment of oral mucositis in bone marrow transplantation patients
Authors: Elad Sharon , Cohen Galit , Zylber‐Katz Ester , Findler Moti , Galili Dan , Garfunkel Adi A. , Or Reuven
Published: August 2010

This paper evaluates lidocaine absorption via oral mucosa following its topical application for symptomatic treatment of bone marrow transplantation (BMT)‐induced oral mucositis. Five patients with high‐grade oral mucositis after allogeneic BMT were entered consecutively into the study. Five healthy individuals served as controls. All 10 participants rinsed their mouth with 5ml of a 2% lidocaine solution for 1 min, after which they expectorated the liquid. Blood samples were drawn at 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60 min after rinsing and centrifuged. Plasma lidocine levels were measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. In the BMT patients, plasma lidocaine levels were lower than the therapeutic range of this drug (0.2 μg/ml), while in the controls no detectable lidocaine levels were noted. The data from this preliminary study indicate that lidocaine prescribed as an anesthetic mouthwash in BMT patients with oral mucositis results in minor systemic absorption of the drug.
Plasma cell mucositis: a review and case report
Authors: Smith M. E. , Crighton A. J. , Chisholm D. M. , Mountain R. E.
Published: August 2010

The simultaneous involvement of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and upper aerodigestive tract by lesions characterised clinically by an intensely erythematous, lobulated surface and histologically by a dense connective tissue in‐ Key words: plasma cell mucositis filtrate composed of non‐neoplastic plasma cells may be called plasma cell mucositis. We present a review of the literature, consisting of 14 cases, outlining the Malvin Smith, Unit of Oral Medicine and multifocal site distribution, chronicity and systemic background that distin‐ Surgery, Dental School, Park Place, Dundee, DD1 4HR, Scotland guish this entity and report a single case with confirmation of the polyclonal nature of the plasma cell infiltrate using gene rearrangement studies.
Clear cell variant of calcigying epithelia odontogenic tumor (CEOT) in the maxilla: report of a cse with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural investigations
Authors: Kimamoto Hiroyuki , Sato Ikuro , Tatento Hiroo , Yokoyama Juckichi , TAkahashi Tetsu , Ooya Kiyoshi
Published: August 2010

A rare case of clear cell variant of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor is presented with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural investigations. A 14‐yearold Japanese girl was admitted with a complaint of swelling in the right posterior maxilla. Radiological examination showed a well‐circumscribed radiolucent lesion located close to the impacted third molar. After only a partial tumor excision, Key words: calcifying epithelial odontogenic the tumor recurred 13 years later. It appeared radiologically as an irregular radio‐ tumor (CEOT); clear cell; immunohistodensity, and a subtotal maxillectomy was performed. Histological examination chemistry; maxilla; odontogenic tumor; ultrastructure showed sheets and/or strands composed almost entirely of clear vacuolated epithelial cells in a stroma containing intercellular amyloid‐like material and calcifica‐ Hiroyuki Kumamoto, Department of Oral tion. Histochemical and ultrastructural analysis detected cytoplasmic glycogen Pathology, Tohoku University School of granules in the clear cells, and positive immunoreactivities for cytokeratins 8, 13 Dentistry, 4‐1 Seiryo‐machi, Aoba‐ku, Sendai 980‐8575, Japan and 19; filaggrin and anti‐ameloblastoma antibodies suggested an odontogenic epithelial origin.
Intraosseous epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the mandible: a case report with an immunohistochemical study
Authors: Hamakawa Hiroyuki , Omori Takaaki , Sumida Tomoki , Tanioka Hiroaki
Published: August 2010

Epithelioid hemangioma is the prototype of a group of vascular tumors characterized by epithelioid endothelial cells. Hemangioendothelioma of bone is a rare lesion that constitutes less than 0.5% of primary malignant skeletal tumors. We report and discuss a case of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma arising intraosseously in the anterior portion of the mandible in a 76‐year‐old woman. The case was treated successfully by wide resection. Radiographically, the tumor mass showed osteolysis and expansion. Histologically, the tumor showed invasive and destructive growth, although it lacked frequent mitotic figures and severe atypia. On immunohistochemical study, tumor cells exhibited characteristics of mesenchymal and endothelial origin, i.e., strong to moderate immune reactivity against vimentin, factor VIII‐related antigen (F8RA), Ulex europaeus agglutinin type 1 lectin (UEA‐1), and CD 34, but not against keratin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) or S‐100 protein (S100). The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)‐positive cell index was 27.5%. These pathological findings suggested a borderline malignant potential for this tumor. Thus, clinically, wide resection with or without dissection of regional lymph nodes is recommended.
Interobserver and intraobserver variability in the histologic assessment of oral lichen planus
Authors: van der Meij E. H. , Reibel J. , Slootweg P. J. , van der Wal J. E. , de Jong W. F. B. , van der Waal I.
Published: August 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate interobserver and intraobserver variability in the histopathological assessment of oral lichen planus (OLP) since this may influence the outcome of studies on epidemiology, treatment and prognosis. Five oral pathologists examined 60 microscopic slides, not being informed about the original histopathological assessment. Forty‐five of the cases had been originally signed out as OLP; the remaining 15 cases represented a mixture of other oral white lesions. No clinical information or patient data were provided with the cases. Each reviewing pathologist was asked to apply the WHO definition of OLP and to categorize each case as either: 1) evident OLP, 2) compatible with OLP, or 3) no histological support for OLP. After 2 months, each of the five reviewing pathologists were given 45 slides that were randomly retrieved from the original 60. Interobserver and intraobserver variability were assessed by calculation of unweighted kappa statistics. Interobserver agreement varied from 0.20 (poor) to 0.51 (moderate), while the intraobserver agreement varied from 0.50 (moderate) to 0.67 (substantial). Histopathological assessment of OLP, based on the available WHO definition, is a rather subjective and insufficiently reproducible process. Stricter diagnostic criteria are required in order to obtain a more reproducible diagnosis of OLP.
Oral manifestations as a hallmark of malignant acanthosis nigricans
Authors: Ramirez‐Amador Velia , Esquivel‐Pedraza Lilly , Caballero‐Mendoza Eloy , Berumen‐Campos Jaime , Orozco‐Topete Rocio , Angeles‐Angeles Arturo
Published: August 2010

We present a case of malignant acanthosis nigricans (AN) that initially manifested in the oral cavity. In the present report, the patient had typical clinical and histological findings of oral and esophageal AN, with subtle skin changes, associated with a gallbladder adenocarcinoma. The importance of the clinical oral examination is emphasized because the recognition of oral lesions led to the diagnosis of AN and to the following detection of the internal malignancy. Since the tumours associated with AN are highly malignant, it is of the utmost importance to recognize the skin and mucous membrane changes in adults.
Angiogenesis in the human temporomandibular joint studied by immunohistochemistry for CD34 antigen
Authors: Yoshida Hiroaki , Fujita Shigeyuki , Nishida Mitsuo , Lizuka Tadahiko
Published: August 2010

The CD34 antigen is a sensitive marker of vascular endothelium and angiogenesis. Thus, we examined the expression of CD34 in 20 human temporomandibular joint (TMJ) samples with internal derangement and in 10 control specimens by an immunohistological technique using paraffin‐embedded tissue and specific anti‐human CD34 monoclonal antibody. In the control specimens, CD34 was observed sporadically within the TMJ discs. On the other hand, in the internal derangement specimens, CD34 was found frequently in the walls of blood capillaries within the TMJ discs. In the synovial membrane, CD34 was detected frequently in the walls of many blood capillaries in both the controls and the internal derangement specimens. Indeed, CD34 expression in internal derangement specimens was more intense than in control specimens. In the posterior loose connective tissue of the bilaminar zone, and in the anterior loose connective tissue between the upper and lower lamellae of the anterior capsular wall, CD34 was detected in abundance in the walls of blood capillaries both of the controls and the internal derangement specimens. Generally, CD34 was found rarely in the walls of large blood vessels. The presence of CD34 is suggested to be correlated with the process of angiogenesis induced by internal derangement of the TMJ.