bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Customer’s Adoption Intentions toward Autonomous Delivery Vehicle Services: Extending DOI Theory with Social Awkwardness and Use Experience
Authors: Lu Miaojia , Huang Chengyuan , Wang Ran , Li Hao
Published: March 2023

The high demand and acute timeliness that characterizes instant delivery entail the challenges of high labor costs and an increase in courier traffic accidents. Autonomous delivery vehicles (ADVs) may serve as a key solution, with their attendant reduced labor input and higher efficiency. Customers play a key role in the successful implementation of ADVs on a large scale. However, understanding the factors that affect customers’ intentions to use ADVs is still limited. Compared to autonomous driving, ADV customers are ultimately not the real users, who only are served by ADVs during the last leg of a trip. On account of this, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) may not be well-fitted for explaining the dynamics involved in ADV adoption. Within the context of ADVs, our study identified influencing factors that have not been captured by prior studies. This study incorporates infection risk, use experience, and social awkwardness into the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory to explore customers’ intentions to use ADVs. Data from 691 survey respondents were collected to validate the research design. The results demonstrate that compatibility, social influence, infection risk, green image, social awkwardness, and use experience all have a significantly positive impact on customers’ intentions to adopt ADV services, while complexity and perceived risk both exhibited a negative impact. But no effect could be found for relative advantage, which may be because of the fact that customers only need ADVs to meet their delivery demand. This study contributes to understanding customers’ adoption intentions toward ADVs, informing policymakers in formulating ADV regulations and standards, and promoting the large-scale application of ADVs in instant delivery services.
A Quantum Image Watermarking Scheme Based on Quantum Hilbert Scrambling and Steganography about the Moiré Fringe
Authors: Jiang Jian-Wei , Zhang Tian , Li Wei , Wang Shu-Mei
Published: March 2023

In order to boost the security and confidentiality of information in quantum images, on the foundation of the NEQR model, a novel quantum watermarking scheme combining quantum Hilbert scrambling with steganography based on the Moiré fringe is designed in this paper. First of all, for carrier image, and watermark image, the color information and position information are denoted, respectively, by the NEQR model. Next, the watermark image is converted to a disordered image by quantum Hilbert scrambling, and the message of the original watermark image cannot be gained from the disordered image. At last, the watermark image after scrambling is embedded into the carrier image through the steganography of the Moiré fringe, obtaining the watermarked image. Due to the unitary image of the quantum gate, quantum Hilbert inverse scrambling is the opposite process of quantum Hilbert scrambling. In addition, the watermark image can be completely extracted from the watermarked image. What’s more, the experimental simulation and performance analysis of the scheme are done. The experimental simulation proves the feasibility of this algorithm. Visually, there is no difference between the carrier image and the watermarked image. The PSNR between the watermarked image and the carrier image is measured, which quantitatively shows the high similarity. In addition, the time complexity of the quantum circuit is lower than some other quantum image watermarking schemes, which proves the simplicity of this scheme.
Factors Associated with Medication Adherence in Elderly Individuals with Tuberculosis: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Hassani Somayeh , Mohammadi Shahboulagi Farahnaz , Foroughan Mahshid , Nadji Seyed Alireza , Tabarsi Payam , Ghaedamini Harouni Gholamreza
Published: March 2023

Background and Objectives. Medication adherence is the main determinant in the successful treatment of tuberculosis. The identification of the factors related to medication adherence is necessary to carry out appropriate interventions and to ameliorate tuberculosis control. Although medication nonadherence is more common in elderly tuberculosis patients, few studies have investigated the factors related to medication adherence in this age group, and there is no specific study in this field. Therefore, the objective of this study was explaining the factors related to medication adherence based on the healthcare professionals, elderly tuberculosis patients, and their caregivers’ experiences. Methods. This qualitative study was conducted in two phases, using an integrative literature review and individual interviews. Studies were gathered without time restriction from MEDLINE databases, Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), Google Scholar, Scopus, and EMBASE, as well as national databases, including Scientific Information Database and Magiran. The findings of 38 studies that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed through the conventional content analysis method based on the ecological approach. After reviewing and forming the data matrix, purposive sampling was performed among healthcare professionals, elderly tuberculosis patients aged 60 and over, and family caregivers of elderly patients to conduct individual interviews. Data obtained from 20 interviews were analyzed using the directed content analysis method. After coding, the data from individual interviews were entered based on similarity and difference in the categories of data matrix obtained from the literature review. Results. In general, the aforementioned codes were placed in four main categories, including individual factors (i.e., biological factors, affective-emotional factors, behavioral factors, cognitive factors, tuberculosis-related factors, and economic factors), interpersonal factors (i.e., patient’s relationship with treatment team and family-related factors), factors related to healthcare service provider centers (i.e., medical centers’ facilities and capacity building in healthcare service provider), and extraorganizational factors (i.e., social factors and health policymaking). Conclusion. The results of this study showed that medication adherence in elderly patients with tuberculosis was a complex and multidimensional phenomenon. Therefore, society, policymakers, and healthcare providers should scrutinize the factors affecting medication adherence in this group of patients to plan and implement more effective interventions.
The Influence of Augmented Reality on Purchase Intention in the Housing Industry
Authors: Ibrahim F. A. , Boying W. , Abdul Rahim N. S. , Mohd Shafiei M. W. , Zainol N. Z.
Published: March 2023

Rapid emergence of technology communication has demanded the business organization to adapt with the most optimal marketing approach to ensure long-term survival in the modern business environment. Research on technologies adaptation in relation to marketing were conducted in various sectors in order to study the marketing communication channels in persuading targeted customers to purchase the selling products or utilize the services offered in the market. In contrast, the advancement of technology was not thoroughly harnessed by the property sector, which lagged in adopting the innovative marketing approach to promote their selling house. Accordingly, this research is aimed at investigating the effect of marketing communication channels via the adoption of AR to encourage the intention to purchase among the targeted house buyers. A total of 130 booklets of survey forms were distributed using the self-administered method along with the prompt material of housing design in AR applications. In return, 100 booklets of survey forms were received. As a result, the findings indicated that AR application as a marketing communication channel has an impact on the intention to purchase among potential house buyers. It is expected that AR technologies would create a new norm with extraordinary modification and advancement to promote housing projects and provide guidance to the developer. This initiative is able to improve their marketing communication, thus attracting house buyers based on their interests.
Experimental Study on the Vibration Characteristics of Dangerous Rock Mass under Constant Micromotion
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyong , Xie Mowen , Huang Zhengjun , Du Yan , Zhang Lei , Wu Zhixiang , Fan Zhuang
Published: March 2023

In mountainous areas, dangerous rock mass collapse is a serious threat to human life and property safety. However, how to effectively prevent and control the instability of dangerous rock mass is still an urgent unsolved problem. In this study, the dynamic characteristics of dangerous rock mass under constant micromotion were analysed from the perspective of elastic wave propagation. When the slip plane of the dangerous rock mass is damaged, many micropores and cracks will appear in the medium composed of the slip surface. With constant micromotion as the vibration source, the elastic wave propagates to the dangerous rock mass through the damaged slip plane. The high-frequency components of elastic waves scatter in pores and fissures, where energy dissipates. According to this characteristic, a laboratory simulation experiment was designed. In the experiment, the damage process of the slip plane was simulated by the freeze‒thaw process of frozen hydrosol. The experimental analysis showed that the centre frequency of the high-frequency part of the dangerous rock mass model and bedrock mass model decreased as the frozen surface continued to melt. As the dangerous rock mass model and the bedrock mass model continued to fit, the centre frequency of the high-frequency part of the two rock mass models rebounded. This phenomenon showed that the damage degree of the slip plane between the dangerous rock mass and the bed rock mass can be effectively reflected by the centre frequency of the high-frequency part of the two rock mass models. During the experiment, the dangerous rock mass did not slide in the whole process, indicating that the deformation index has difficulty reflecting the stability of the hidden dangerous rock mass. In addition, the application conditions of using the natural frequency characteristics of dangerous rock mass and the scattering characteristics of elastic wave in the damage identification of structural plane were analysed: (1) when the structural plane has macrofracture, the change of natural frequency of dangerous rock mass should be used to analyse the damage degree of structural plane; (2) when there is no macrofracture of the structural plane, the characteristics of elastic wave scattering should be used to analyse the damage degree of the structural plane. This study provided a new idea for the prevention and control of dangerous rock masses and is expected to provide a useful reference for the automation of dangerous rock mass prevention and control.
p38MAPKα Stromal Reprogramming Sensitizes Metastatic Breast Cancer to Immunotherapy
Authors: Faget Douglas V. , Luo Xianmin , Inkman Matthew J. , Ren Qihao , Su Xinming , Ding Kai , Waters Michael R. , Raut Ganesh Kumar , Pandey Gaurav , Dodhiawala Paarth B. , Ramalho-Oliveira Renata , Ye Jiayu , Cole Thomas , Murali Bhavna , Zheleznyak Alexander , Shokeen Monica , Weiss Kurt R. , Monahan Joseph B. , DeSelm Carl J. , Lee Adrian V. , Oesterreich Steffi , Weilbaecher Katherine N. , Zhang Jin , DeNardo David G. , Stewart Sheila A.
Published: March 2023

Metastatic breast cancer is an intractable disease that responds poorly to immunotherapy. We show that p38MAPKα inhibition (p38i) limits tumor growth by reprogramming the metastatic tumor microenvironment in a CD4+ T cell-, IFNγ-, and macrophage-dependent manner. To identify targets that further increased p38i efficacy, we utilized a stromal labeling approach and single-cell RNA sequencing. Thus, we combined p38i and an OX40 agonist that synergistically reduced metastatic growth and increased overall survival. Intriguingly, patients with a p38i metastatic stromal signature had better overall survival that was further improved by the presence of an increased mutational load, leading us to ask if our approach would be effective in antigenic breast cancer. The combination of p38i, anti-OX40, and cytotoxic T-cell engagement cured mice of metastatic disease and produced long-term immunologic memory. Our findings demonstrate that a detailed understanding of the stromal compartment can be used to design effective antimetastatic therapies.

Significance:

Immunotherapy is rarely effective in breast cancer. We dissected the metastatic tumor stroma, which revealed a novel therapeutic approach that targets the stromal p38MAPK pathway and creates an opportunity to unleash an immunologic response. Our work underscores the importance of understanding the tumor stromal compartment in therapeutic design.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1275
Digital Spatial Profiling Links Beta-2-microglobulin Expression with Immune Checkpoint Blockade Outcomes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Gavrielatou Niki , Vathiotis Ioannis , Aung Thazin Nwe , Shafi Saba , Burela Sneha , Fernandez Aileen I. , Moutafi Myrto , Burtness Barbara , Economopoulou Panagiota , Anastasiou Maria , Foukas Periklis , Psyrri Amanda , Rimm David L.
Published: March 2023

Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)-targeted immunotherapy is approved for recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) treatment. Although its efficacy correlates with PD-L1 expression, response is limited even among positive cases. We employed digital spatial profiling (DSP) to discover potential biomarkers of immunotherapy outcomes in HNSCC. Fifty prospectively collected, pretreatment biopsy samples from patients with anti-PD-1–treated R/M HNSCC, were assessed using DSP, for 71 proteins in four molecularly defined compartments (tumor, leukocyte, macrophage, and stroma). Markers were evaluated for associations with progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS). High beta-2 microglobulin (B2M), LAG-3, CD25, and 4-1BB in tumor; high B2M, CD45, CD4 in stroma, and low fibronectin in the macrophage compartment, correlated with prolonged PFS. Improved PFS and OS were observed for cases with high B2M by quantitative and mRNA. Findings were validated in an independent cohort for PFS (HR, 0.41; 95% confidence interval, 0.19–0.93; P = 0.034). B2M-high tumors showed enrichment with immune cell and immune checkpoint markers. Our study illustrates B2M expression is associated with improved survival for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-treated HNSCC.

Significance:

In the current study, DSP revealed the positive association of B2M expression in the tumor compartment with immunotherapy outcomes in R/M HNSCC.
Is There a Role for Radiofrequency Devices in Hair?
Authors: Kincaid Colin Michael , Ben Romdhane Nadine , Csuka Ella A. , Sharma Ajay Nair , Juhasz Margit , Mesinkovska Natasha Atanaskova
Published: March 2023

Background: Radiofrequency (RF) devices are being increasingly used for cosmetic dermatology applications. Recent studies have reported an apparent dualistic nature of RF devices for hair, causing either removal or growth depending on the modality of RF. Materials and Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science searches were conducted in July 2022 according to PRISMA guidelines for studies discussing RF technology in hair applications (n = 19). Results: The majority of studies describe the utility of RF devices in removal of unwanted hair (n = 15). Bipolar RF has been used in combination with intense pulsed light for effective long-term removal of body and facial hair. The chromophore-independent method of energy delivery in RF makes it a viable add-on therapy for treating lighter colored hair and darker Fitzpatrick skin types. Monopolar RF is used for eyelash removal in patients with trichiasis. In contrast, fractional RF has been used to stimulate hair growth in patients with alopecia areata and androgenetic alopecia. Conclusions: Preliminary evidence supports the use of bipolar and monopolar RF devices for hair removal, while fractional RF appears to be an emerging technology for hair growth. Additional studies are needed to investigate the efficacy, mechanisms, and parameters of radiofrequency devices for various hair applications.
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography on Pediatric Patients: Experience of a Portuguese Adult Gastroenterology Department
Authors: Saraiva Rita Ornelas , Borges Verónica Pavão , Silva Mário Jorge , Loureiro Rafaela , Capela Tiago , Ramos Gonçalo , Canena Jorge , Mateus Dias António , Alves Rui , Coimbra João
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Experience with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the pediatric population is limited. Few medical centers have experts specifically trained in pediatric therapeutic endoscopy. As a result, patients are generally referred to adult endoscopists with high experience in the procedure. The aim of this study was to characterize the experience of an adult endoscopy unit with ERCP on pediatric patients, with a special focus on very young patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed indications, technical success rate, final clinical diagnosis, and complications of ERCPs in children <18 years at our tertiary referral hospital center between January 1994 and June 2022. Results: Sixty-five ERCPs were performed on 57 children with a median age of 13 years (range 1–17 years). Eleven ERCPs were performed on 9 patients up to 5 years old. Indications for ERCP were as follows: biliary obstruction (n = 40), mainly due to choledocholithiasis, lithiasic acute pancreatitis (n = 19), recurrent pancreatitis (n = 3), stent extraction (n = 2), and post-operative biliary fistula (n = 1). The cannulation success rate was 95.1%. Therapeutic interventions were performed in 79% of ERCP. All patients were followed up as inpatients. Complications were recorded in two procedures (3.1%), and no procedure-related mortality occurred. Conclusion: In our experience, ERCP in children can be safely performed with high success rates by advanced adult-trained expert endoscopists at a high-volume center.
Research Progress on the Anticancer Molecular Mechanism of Targets Regulating Cell Autophagy
Authors: Zhang Ting , Yu Jia , Cheng Sha , Zhang Ya , Zhou Chang-hua , Qin Juan , Luo Heng
Published: March 2023

Background: Autophagy is a lysosome-mediated catabolic process that maintains cell homeostasis and survival. It occurs not only in normal cells such as cardiac muscle cells, neurons, and pancreatic acinar cells but also in various benign and malignant tumors. The abnormal level of intracellular autophagy is closely related to multiple pathophysiological processes, including aging, neurodegeneration, infectious diseases, immune disorders, and cancer. Autophagy mainly plays a dual role in life and death by regulating cell survival, proliferation, and death, thus being involved in the occurrence, development, and treatment of cancer. It is also involved in chemotherapy resistance by a dual role, since it not only promotes the occurrence of drug resistance but also reverses it. Previous findings suggest that the regulation of autophagy can be used as an effective strategy in tumor therapy. Summary: Recent studies found that small molecules from natural products and their derivatives exert anticancer activity by regulating the level of autophagy in tumor cells. Key Messages: Therefore, this review article describes the mechanism of autophagy, the role of autophagy in normal cells and tumor cells, and the research progress on the anticancer molecular mechanism of targets regulating cell autophagy. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for developing autophagy inhibitors or activators to improve anticancer efficacy.
Long-COVID: Impfung und frühe antivirale Therapie senken das Risiko
Authors: Krüger Stefan
Published: March 2023

Long COVID is a complex condition affecting quality of life, with limited therapeutic options. We investigated the occurrence of long COVID in subjects receiving early therapy with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or antivirals to reduce the risk of COVID-19 progression. In this retrospective study we enrolled 737 adult patients (aged 65.16 ± 13.46; 361F), who experienced COVID-19 between January 2021 and March 2022. Antiviral or mAbs were administered to symptomatic patients who did not require oxygen therapy or hospital admission for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and who were at high risk of progression to severe disease, as identified by age > 65 years or the presence of comorbidities. Long COVID, defined as newly or persistent long-term symptoms 4 weeks after the onset of the acute illness, was reported in 204 cases (28%). Age (OR 1.03; p < 0.001), gender (OR 1.88; p < 0.001) and at least three comorbidities (OR 3.49; p = 0.049) were directly associated with long COVID; conversely, vaccination (OR 0.59; p = 0.005) and mAbs/antivirals (OR 0.44; p = 0.002) were independently associated with a reduced risk of long COVID. At a propensity-score-matched analysis, the mAbs/antivirals group had a significantly lower occurrence of long COVID in comparison with untreated controls (11% vs. 34%; p= 0.001). In conclusion, mAbs and antivirals administered against the progression of COVID-19 were associated with a reduced risk of long COVID.
Reduction of Viral Load in Patients with Acute Sore Throats: Results from an Observational Clinical Trial with Echinacea/Salvia Lozenges
Authors: Weishaupt Ramon , Buchkov Alexandar , Kolev Emil , Klein Peter , Schoop Roland
Published: March 2023

Background: Acute tonsillopharyngitis or sore throat is an initial sign of viral respiratory tract infection (RTI) and an optimal indicator for early antiviral and anti-inflammatory intervention. Both of these actions have been attributed to Echinacea purpurea and Salvia officinalis. Methods: 74 patients (age 13–69 years) with acute sore throat symptoms (<48 h) were treated with five Echinacea/Salvia lozenges per day (4,000 mg Echinacea purpurea extract [Echinaforce®] and 1,893 mg Salvia officinalis extract [A. Vogel AG, Switzerland] daily) for 4 days. Symptom intensities were recorded in a diary and oropharyngeal swab samples collected for virus detection and quantification via RT-qPCR. Results: The treatment was exceptionally well tolerated, no complicated RTI developed, and no antibiotic treatment was required. A single lozenge reduced throat pain by 48% (p < 0.001) and tonsillopharyngitis symptoms by 34% (p < 0.001). Eighteen patients tested virus positive at inclusion. Viral loads in these patients was reduced by 62% (p < 0.03) after intake of a single lozenge and by 96% (p < 0.02) after 4 days of treatment compared to pre-treatment. Conclusions: Echinacea/Salvia lozenges represent a valuable and safe option for the early treatment of acute sore throats capable to alleviate symptoms and contribute to reducing viral loads in the throat.
Rostos e vozes dos estudantes universitários negros: o que dizem sobre sua saúde
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina, Alexandre Larissa Sousa Cardoso , Novaes Mariana de Souza ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina, Germani Ana Claudia Camargo Gonçalves ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina
Published: March 2023

Este livro baseia-se no projeto que buscou conhecer e divulgar a auto-percepção de saúde de estudantes universitários negros, compreendendo os problemas e as potenciais idades a ela relacionados bem como seus sonhos. Foram entrevistados 32 estudantes, de 5 cursos (enfermagem, fisioterapia, fonoaudiologia, medicina e terapia ocupacional) e 10 instituições (4 públicas e 6 privadas). Como consta na primeira frase do resumo desse projeto intitulado “Rostos e vozes dos estudantes universitários negros: o que dizem sobre sua saúde”- a diversidade importa. São vozes que falam em uníssono questões que são coletivas, porém bradam suas individualidades e visões de mundo de como ser negro em um ambiente que não está ambientado para nos receber. São vozes que se valem muitas vezes das convenções da OMS para definir o que é saúde, mas quase sempre essa definição vem complementada de uma vivência única e afetiva, trazida na forma de escrevivência, como Conceição Evaristo ensina. Há uma força e o empoderamento trazido no ato de se reconhecer e de se aceitar. Que trabalhos como este produzam sempre mais transformação, vida e alegria na pluralidade de nossa vozes e rostos.
Use of organic acids to reduce Salmonella Typhimurium excretion in swine
Authors: Silva Daniela Gomes da , Moura Eduarda Alexandra Gonçalves de Oliveira , Sanches Thainara Vitoria Carnevalli , Turco Caio Henrique , Zambotti Beatriz Belloni , Petri Fernando Antônio Moreira , Storino Gabriel Yuri , Almeida Henrique Meiroz de Souza , Rabelo Isabela Peixoto , Mechler-Dreibi Marina Lopes , Sonalio Karina , Ravetti Renato , Oliveira Luis Guilherme de
Published: March 2023

The use of antimicrobials as growth promoters and disease prevention is being constantly reduced in several animal production systems, including in the swine industry. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using acidifiers to control Salmonella Typhimurium in 65-day-old pigs by detecting the pathogen in organs at euthanasia. For this, 24 piglets were divided into two experimental groups consisting of 12 piglets each. An untreated control group (G1) and a treatment group (G2) received a liquid organic acidifier in the drinking water for 10 days (D-5 to D5). Five days after the start of treatment (D0), all piglets were challenged with 106 CFU of Salmonella Typhimurium and assessed for 12 days (D12). Every three days (D3, D6, D9, and D12), three animals from each experimental group were euthanized and then submitted for necropsy. Samples from the intestines (ileum, cecum, mesenteric lymph nodes, and ileocolic lymph nodes), liver, spleen, and lungs were collected to isolate Salmonella. The results show that, numerically, Salmonella isolation in the organs of G2 was lower than in G1 and that the number of positive cecum samples in G1 (66.7%; 8/12) was statistically different from the number of positive models in G2 (16.7%; 2/12), with a reduction of 28.6% of the total cecum positive samples in the treated group compared to the control. Therefore, it was observed that the liquid organic acidifier product could reduce the colonization of organs by Salmonella Typhimurium.
Comunicação de notícias difíceis na prática médica: percepção médica de facilitadores e dificultadores
Authors: Nascimento Júlio Henrique Pereira , Trindade Olívia Maria , Machado Daniel Teixeira , Ashidani Paulo Otávio Alves , Carvalho Ana Cláudia Moreira , Coelho Gustavo Nogueira , Silva Alexandre Ernesto
Published: March 2023

OBJETIVOS: Conhecer a formação de médicos no que diz respeito à comunicação de notícias difíceis e conhecer os dificultadores e facilitadores na prática desse profissional em comunicar notícias difíceis a pacientes e seus familiares. MÉTODOS: Estudo qualitativo descritivo. Coleta de dados realizada em entrevista semiestruturada, com profissionais médicos de uma unidade oncológica. Análise de conteúdo convencional realizada segundo Hsie e Shannon. RESULTADOS Houve diferentes definições do termo notícia difícil pelos entrevistados, e diversos fatores dificultadores e facilitadores para a comunicação dessas notícias. Esses fatores podem ser técnicos e/ou sócio-emocionais. Sujeito a esses fatores, está o próprio sucesso da comunicação, que interfere no tratamento do paciente. CONCLUSÃO: Alguns fatores de influência são inalteráveis, outros são passíveis de mudança ou prevenção. Entre esses, estão a atuação multidisciplinar, uma boa relação médico-paciente e um ambiente adequado para a comunicação. Quando esses fatores são manipulados para uma melhor comunicação, essa é realizada com maiores sucesso e benefício. O preparo prévio para essa comunicação foi unanimemente realçado, justificando uma maior abordagem na formação acadêmica médica sobre esse assunto.
Manejo de via aérea no paciente obeso: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Antunes Paula de A. F. , Alencar Guilherme Abreu de Britto Comte de
Published: March 2023

Introdução: O manejo de vias aéreas do paciente obeso é uma preocupação dos anestesiologistas. Tal procedimento mostra-se mais difícil se comparado aos demais pacientes devido a alterações anatômicas e fisiológicas causadas pelo excesso de gordura. O paciente obeso possui alterações na função pulmonar que favorecem uma dessaturação mais rápida do que as demais pessoas, o que torna esse grupo mais suscetível a complicações durante a intubação orotraqueal. Objetivo: Compreender quais fatores são responsáveis pela maior incidência de via aérea difícil nos pacientes obesos. Métodos: Foi realizada busca na plataforma DeCS e em seguida PubMed e SciELO para levantamento de artigos relacionados ao tema, sendo incluídos Ensaios Clínicos Randomizados, Revisões Sistemáticas, Meta-Análises e Livros e Documentos, sendo eleitos 20 artigos totais, em português, inglês e espanhol. Resultado: Dos estudos analisados, três encontraram fatores de risco para VA difícil como Mallampati III/IV, menor mobilidade do pescoço e menor abertura da boca. Um apontou circunferência do pescoço como fator influenciador enquanto outro afirmou que não há relação da circunferência com a dificuldade em se obter uma VA definitiva. Conclusão: Não houve consenso na literatura quanto aos fatores de risco para uma VA difícil. É necessário o desenvolvimento de estudos retrospectivos que analisem pacientes com ocorrência de VA difícil e complicações para que se possa levantar quais fatores estavam presentes em cada caso e como influenciaram.
A “imaginação cinematográfica” na crítica literária de Ricardo Piglia.
Authors: Felippe Eduardo Ferraz
Published: March 2023

O artigo estuda a “imaginação cinematográfica” na obra crítica de Ricardo Piglia. Trata-se de analisar a obra crítica atento ao impacto da apreciação do cinema nos modos de entender sua concepção de literatura. Além de permitir um percurso crítico acerca de filmes, o artigo também propicia perceber a relação entre criação e crítica, especialmente a utilização da crítica de cinema para enfatizar a singularidade de cada uma das artes. Opto por enfatizar elementos de seu ofício como a elaboração de diálogos e modos de composição de alguns personagens. Por fim, acredito que esse viés possibilite novas percepções da obra para além das escolhas mais conhecidas de sua fortuna crítica.
Leituras em disputa na contemporaneidade: pós-crítica como anti-crítica e função da crítica hoje
Authors: Vilaço Fabiana de Lacerda
Published: March 2023

O propósito deste artigo é apresentar uma discussão em torno de três textos representativos de posicionamentos influentes no estado atual da crítica no campo dos estudos literários: “Surface Reading” (2009), de Stephen Best e Sharon Marcus; “Context stinks!” (2011), de Rita Felski; e “Paranoid reading and reparative reading, or you’re so paranoid, you probably think this essay is about you” (2003), de Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick. Os ensaios discutidos tiveram repercussão assumindo posição contrária em relação a depth models (modelos de profundidade) de análise literária, para usar um termo de Fredric Jameson (1991); em outras palavras, tais ensaios defendem formas de ler a obra que, cada uma a seu modo, recusam o exercício de interpretação literária que, segundo eles, procure o significado da obra em uma leitura mais aprofundada. Pelo modo como se posicionam e pelos argumentos que articulam, tais textos serão considerados aqui como representativos de uma postura anti-crítica. O debate partirá de uma leitura cerrada de alguns de seus argumentos e procurará mapear a postura teórica que eles propõem.
Un acontecimiento extraordinario - Cortázar: una lectura de Rayuela desde la reseña “Leopoldo Marechal: Adán Buenosayres”
Authors: Souza Ana Claudia Ferreira Martins de
Published: March 2023

El presente artículo consiste en una lectura de la novela Rayuela (1963) de Julio Cortázar desde su reseña “Leopoldo Marechal: Adán Buenosayres” (1949). Teniendo en vista la tendencia de los escritores-críticos en reconocerse en sus pares, en Rayuela se pone en evidencia cómo Cortázar había leído el Adán Buenosayres (1948), lo que buscamos investigar, señalando los puntos en común entre las dos obras, atendiendo los aspectos que elogia, y las fallas y equívocos que apunta en la novela de Marechal y no comete en Rayuela. Los aspectos considerados son: rescate de la “diversa desmesura”, del carácter autobiográfico y de la angustia, la crítica de la unidad según principios exteriores a ‘la novela’, la estructura, divergente concepción del amor, y los fuentes literarios movilizados en las dos novelas, concentrando la investigación en el dialogo de sendos autores con la tradición del bucolismo occidental, sobre todo la herencia ítalo-ibérica que es la más enfatizada por Cortázar en la reseña.
Investigar y divulgar el legado civilizatorio del feminismo pacifista
Authors: Portolés Carmen Magallón
Published: March 2023

Este trabajo enfatiza la importancia de conocer y transmitir la experiencia histórica de una genealogía de mujeres feministas pacifistas. Se apoya en los estudios de paz y las epistemologías feministas para validar un conocimiento que emerge de un movimiento social. Introduce algunas nociones básicas sobre conflictos, violencia y cultura de paz. Critica la unión naturalizada entre mujeres y paz e identifica el Congreso Internacional de Mujeres de La Haya, 1915, como el momento que nace organizativamente un feminismo pacifista.
Mulheres, crise climática e COP27: o protagonismo feminino sob a lente da justiça climática
Authors: Vianna Maria Daniela de Araújo
Published: March 2023

A 27ª Conferência do Clima da Organização das Nações Unidas pouco avançou nas metas para redução das emissões de gases de efeito estufa. Sob a lente da justiça climática, este artigo explora como as mulheres, embora tenham sua participação no debate climático global muito aquém da esperada, são as que mais sofrem com os efeitos climáticos. Aponta, também, como o protagonismo feminino pode contribuir com soluções, a partir da revisão de documentos oficiais e de entrevistas com brasileiras que defendem territórios, modos de vida e direitos intergeracionais.
Integrated Proteomics Unveils Nuclear PDE3A2 as a Regulator of Cardiac Myocyte Hypertrophy
Authors: Subramaniam Gunasekaran , Schleicher Katharina , Kovanich Duangnapa , Zerio Anna , Folkmanaite Milda , Chao Ying-Chi , Surdo Nicoletta C. , Koschinski Andreas , Hu Jianshu , Scholten Arjen , Heck Albert J.R. , Ercu Maria , Sholokh Anastasiia , Park Kyung Chan , Klussmann Enno , Meraviglia Viviana , Bellin Milena , Zanivan Sara , Hester Svenja , Mohammed Shabaz , Zaccolo Manuela
Published: March 2023

Background:

Signaling by cAMP is organized in multiple distinct subcellular nanodomains regulated by cAMP-hydrolyzing PDEs (phosphodiesterases). Cardiac β-adrenergic signaling has served as the prototypical system to elucidate cAMP compartmentalization. Although studies in cardiac myocytes have provided an understanding of the location and properties of a handful of cAMP subcellular compartments, an overall view of the cellular landscape of cAMP nanodomains is missing.

Methods:

Here, we combined an integrated phosphoproteomics approach that takes advantage of the unique role that individual PDEs play in the control of local cAMP, with network analysis to identify previously unrecognized cAMP nanodomains associated with β-adrenergic stimulation. We then validated the composition and function of one of these nanodomains using biochemical, pharmacological, and genetic approaches and cardiac myocytes from both rodents and humans.

Results:

We demonstrate the validity of the integrated phosphoproteomic strategy to pinpoint the location and provide critical cues to determine the function of previously unknown cAMP nanodomains. We characterize in detail one such compartment and demonstrate that the PDE3A2 isoform operates in a nuclear nanodomain that involves SMAD4 (SMAD family member 4) and HDAC-1 (histone deacetylase 1). Inhibition of PDE3 results in increased HDAC-1 phosphorylation, leading to inhibition of its deacetylase activity, derepression of gene transcription, and cardiac myocyte hypertrophic growth.

Conclusions:

We developed a strategy for detailed mapping of subcellular PDE-specific cAMP nanodomains. Our findings reveal a mechanism that explains the negative long-term clinical outcome observed in patients with heart failure treated with PDE3 inhibitors.
A Translation of Jaun Elia’s Preface of Shāyad
Authors: Iqbal Hamza
Published: March 2023

Arguably the most “popular” Hindi-Urdu poet today, Jaun Elia involuntarily migrated from his hometown of Amroha in 1957 and soon after started his literary and intellectual activities in the foreign sprawling landscape of Karachi. He served as an editor and publisher of a literary journal titled Inshā’, produced scholarly works, and translated important philosophical and theological texts from Arabic and Persian into Urdu. But Jaun’s most sincere investment remained towards the craft of poetry, particularly to the ghazal, which he wrote prolifically and recited routinely at local and international mushāʿarahs till his death in 2002.

The dibāchah (prologue-essay) from his first poetry collection, Shāyad, that was published only when Jaun was approaching sixty, is a formidable—even if at times formally complex—example of modern Urdu prose. This translation of the prologue-essay is not only intended to introduce Jaun’s philosophical, ideological, and aesthetical influences to the broader English-speaking publics but also to provide an aperture to those symbolic flashes from the poet’s biography which he wished to share with his readers.
A new epiphytic species of Gastrochilus (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae) from Yunnan, China
Authors: RAO WEN-HUI , LIU ZHONG-JIAN , ZHANG GUO-QIANG , CHEN XU-HUI , HUANG JIE , CHEN GUI-ZHEN , CHEN LI-JUN
Published: March 2023

Gastrochilus Don (1825: 32.), subtribe Aeridinae (Orchidaceae), includes about 50 species, distributed from Southeast Asia to the Himalayas (Lucksom 2003, Jin et al. 2007, Shakya & Shrestha 2007, Chen et al. 2009). Generally, it is characterized by a saccate hypochile and two porate pollinia (Tsi et al. 1999). In China, about 30 species are found according to the most recent revision and recently published new species (Chen et al. 2009, Yi et al. 2010, Liu et al. 2016, Liu & Gao 2018).
Curculigo konkanensis (Hypoxidaceae), a new species from the lateritic plateaus of Konkan region of Western Ghats based on morphological and molecular evidence
Authors: BORUDE DEVIDAS BHAUSAHEB , TAMBOLI ASIF SHABODIN , BHALEKAR PARESH PANDHARINATH , MANE ROHIT NIVAS , CHOO YEON-SIK , PAK JAE HONG , CHANDORE ARUN NIVRUTTI
Published: March 2023

A new species Curculigo konkanensis, is described from the lateritic plateaus of the Konkan region of Maharashtra, India. The new species is allied with C. brevifolia and C. orchioides but differs in the characters of rootstock, height of plant, leaves, bracts, capsules and seeds. Cytological parameters, Karyotype formula, total haploid chromosome length (THCL), Value of CVCL and MCA also supported the distinctness of C. konkanensis, C. brevifolia and C. orchioides. Based on plastid DNA data, the new species is placed in Curculigo orchoides subclade and shows phylogenetic affinity with Curculigo brevifolia.
NOVELTIES IN BRAZILIAN BEGONIACEAE VI: Taxonomic notes
Authors: KOLLMANN LUDOVIC JEAN CHARLES
Published: March 2023

As a result of a taxonomic study on Begoniaceae from Brazil, eight taxa are lectotypified. Lectotypes of Begonia bahiensis, B. coccinea, B. echinosepala, B. herbacea var. ellipticifolia, B. juliana, B. leptotricha, B. metallica and B. saxifraga are designated. Begonia attenuata var. herbacea, B. bonitoensis var. intermedia, B. cantareira, B. costello and B. fruticosa var. robusta are confirmed as invalid names.
Climatology of Low-Level Clouds over Western Equatorial Africa Based on Ground Observations and Satellites
Authors: Champagne O. , Aellig R. , Fink A. H. , Philippon N. , Camberlin P. , Moron V. , Knippertz P. , Seze G. , van der Linden R.
Published: March 2023

The tropical cloud forest ecosystem in western equatorial Africa (WEA) is known to be sensitive to the presence of an extensive and persistent low-level stratiform cloud deck during the long dry season from June to September (JJAS). Here, we present a new climatology of the diurnal cycle of the low-level cloud cover from surface synoptic stations over WEA during JJAS 1971–2019. For the period JJAS 2008–19, we also utilized estimates of cloudiness from four satellite products, namely, the Satellite Application Facility on Support to Nowcasting and Very Short Range Forecasting (SAFNWC) cloud classification, the Day and Night Microphysical Schemes (DMS/NMS), and cross sections from CALIPSO and CloudSat (2B-GEOPROF-lidar). A comparison with surface stations reveals that the NMS at night together with SAFNWC at daytime yield the smallest biases. The climatological analysis reveals that low-level clouds persist during the day over the coastal plains and windward side of the low mountain ranges. Conversely, on their leeward sides, i.e., over the plateaus, a decrease of the low-level cloud frequency is observed in the afternoon, together with a change from stratocumulus to cumulus. At night, the low-level cloud deck reforms over this region with the largest cloud occurrence frequencies in the morning. Vertical profiles from 2B-GEOPROF-lidar reveal cloud tops below 3000 m even at daytime. The station data and the suitable satellite products form the basis to better understand the physical processes controlling the clouds and to evaluate cloudiness from reanalyses and models.
Upstream Precursors to High-Resolution Modeled Extreme Precipitation Events in the Mountainous Regions of Southern California
Authors: De Biasio Erica F. , Georgakakos Konstantine P.
Published: March 2023

The enhancement of precipitation over the mountain regions of Southern California, in conjunction with mesoscale and synoptic-scale forcings, can result in high-intensity, short-duration extreme precipitation events (EPEs) that are often associated with hazardous impacts. In this study, candidate upstream atmospheric precursors at relevant spatiotemporal scales to such hazards are explored using a WRF mesoscale model with 5-km grid spacing and an hourly temporal resolution. This high-resolution model, once validated against observations, is used to discern statistically significant physics-based signals between hypothetical mesoscale forcings and the modeled precipitation response. Specifically, the role of upstream instability in modeled EPEs is indexed by convective available potential energy (CAPE) and is examined for two mountainous regions of Southern California at several lag times. A Monte Carlo approach reveals statistically significant differences between the relationship of CAPE associated with EPEs in comparison to the analogous relationship for any precipitation event. These findings hold even with accounting for the well-established role of favorably oriented low-level moisture flux in orographic precipitation. This could indicate that atmospheric instability plays a role in providing additional lifting mechanisms, in conjunction with orographic and synoptic-scale forcings, to facilitate the high short-duration precipitation intensities that have been observed in the region. This diagnostic exploratory study provides additional candidate indicators of predictability of such EPEs at higher spatiotemporal scales than previous work, based on mesoscale model physics. Further analysis should examine the identified precursors using observational data with adequate resolution.
Simultaneous Optimization of 20 Key Parameters of the Integrated Forecasting System of ECMWF Using OpenIFS. Part I: Effect on Deterministic Forecasts
Authors: Tuppi Lauri , Ekblom Madeleine , Ollinaho Pirkka , Järvinen Heikki
Published: March 2023

Numerical weather prediction models contain parameters that are inherently uncertain and cannot be determined exactly. It is thus desirable to have reliable objective approaches for estimation of optimal values and uncertainties of these parameters. Traditionally, the parameter tuning has been done manually, which can lead to the tuning process being a maze of subjective choices. In this paper we present how to optimize 20 key physical parameters in the atmospheric model Open Integrated Forecasting System (OpenIFS) that have a strong impact on forecast quality. The results show that simultaneous optimization of O(20) parameters is possible with O(100) algorithm steps using an ensemble of O(20) members; the results also show that the optimized parameters lead to substantial enhancement of predictive skill. The enhanced predictive skill can be attributed to reduced biases in low-level winds and upper-tropospheric humidity in the optimized model. We find that the optimization process is dependent on the starting values of the parameters that are optimized (starting from better-suited values results in a better model). The results show also that the applicability of the tuned parameter values across different model resolutions is somewhat limited because of resolution-dependent model biases, and we also found that the parameter covariances provided by the tuning algorithm seem to be uninformative.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this work is to show how to use algorithmic methods to optimize a weather model in a computationally efficient manner. Traditional manual model tuning is an extremely laborious and time-consuming process, so algorithmic methods have strong potential for saving the model developers’ time and accelerating development. This paper shows that algorithmic optimization is possible and that weather forecasts can be improved. However, potential issues related to the use of the optimized parameter values across different model resolutions are discussed as well as other shortcomings related to the tuning process.
Quality of COVID-19 information, education and communication materials in India: A content analysis
Authors: Biswas Soniya , Hense Sibasis , Kodali Prakash Babu , Thankappan Kavumpurathu Raman
Published: March 2023

Objective:

This study examined the characteristics and quality of publicly available COVID-19 information education and communication (IEC) materials in India between March and December 2020.

Design:

An explanatory sequential mixed-method design was employed to examine the characteristics and quality of 265 purposefully selected IEC materials.

Setting:

The IEC materials analysed were those published between March and December 2020 on the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare website, Government of India.

Methods:

A checklist was utilised to examine the quality and characteristics of the materials. Thereafter, qualitative analysis provided insights into the contents of the materials with specific focus on the ‘COVID-19 continuum of care’.

Results:

The majority (73.96%, n = 196) of the selected materials were directed towards the general public and had a focus on prevention (67.55 %, n = 179). Despite COVID-19-associated stigma, only 56 (21.13%) of the materials addressed this issue. However, most (95.47%, n = 253) of the materials adhered to quality standards for contents, readability and aesthetics. This qualitative analysis focused on the contents of selected IEC materials using the concept of ‘continuum of care’. The analysis identified three important themes: prevention to early diagnosis and treatment; mitigation of stigma and discrimination surrounding COVID-19; and addressing the infodemic caused by COVID-19.

Conclusion:

The quality of materials was mostly satisfactory and appropriate to the emergent requirements. Strengthening audience engagement and attractiveness of the materials might enhance readability and actionability. A bottom–up approach to the development of future IEC materials, involving the community might widen the coverage of vulnerable populations in future crisis events.