bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytokine changes in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma after emergency orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Fertleman Michael , Pereira Christopher , Dani Melanie , Harris Benjamin H. L. , Di Giovannantonio Matteo , Taylor-Robinson Simon D.
Published: February 2022

Neuroinflammation after surgery and its contribution to peri-operative neurocognitive disorders (PND) is not well understood. Studying the association between central and peripheral cytokines and neuroinflammation is a prelude to the development of treatments for PND. Here, we investigate the hypotheses that there is a greater cytokine response in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) than plasma after orthopaedic surgery, and that plasma cytokine levels are directly related to CSF cytokine levels, indicating that plasma cytokine levels may have potential as biomarkers of neuroinflammation. Patients admitted with a fractured neck of femur were invited to participate in this study. Participants had a spinal catheter inserted just prior to induction of anaesthesia. Samples of blood and CSF were taken before, immediately after, and on the first day following emergency surgery. The catheter was then removed. Samples were analysed for the presence of ten cytokines by immunoassay. A spinal catheter was successfully inserted in 11 participants during the 18-month study period. Five plasma cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70 and IL-13) rose significantly following surgery, whereas all ten CSF cytokines rose significantly (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IFN-γ and TNF-α) (adjusted-p < 0.05). Central (CSF) cytokine levels were consistently higher than their peripheral (plasma) counterparts after surgery, with some patients having a particularly marked neuroinflammatory response. The greatest increases occurred in IL-8 in CSF and IL-6 in plasma. There were significant, strong positive correlations between several of the measured cytokines in the CSF after surgery, but far fewer in plasma. There was no significant correlation between cytokine levels in the plasma and CSF at each of the three time points. To our knowledge, this is the first study to analyse paired samples of plasma and CSF for cytokine levels before and after emergency orthopaedic surgery. This study demonstrates that following surgery for a fractured neck of femur, there is a far greater rise in cytokines in the CSF compared to plasma. The lack of correlation between peripheral and central cytokines suggests measurement of peripheral cytokines are not necessarily related to which patients may have a large neuroinflammatory response.
Ocular anterior segment and corneal parameters evaluation in celiac disease
Authors: De Bernardo Maddalena , Vitiello Livio , Gagliardi Mario , Capasso Luigi , Rosa Nicola , Ciacci Carolina
Published: February 2022

This observational case–control study evaluated the anterior ocular segment parameters of patients with celiac disease with a Scheimpflug imaging system and compared them with those of a healthy controls group, highlighting potential differences related to the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease. Seventy celiac patients and 70 healthy subjects were assessed with a comprehensive ophthalmological evaluation, including clinical history, Snellen best-corrected visual acuity, axial length (AL) measurements with IOLMaster, and anterior segment tomographic evaluation with Pentacam HR. The measurements of all keratometry values, astigmatism, steep axis, anterior and posterior Q value (asphericity), pupil diameter, pupil center, corneal apex, the thinnest point, corneal volume, anterior chamber depth from the epithelium, anterior chamber depth from endothelium, anterior chamber volume, and iridocorneal angle were also appraised. The two study groups were comparable and similar for gender, age, and AL, with no statistically significant differences regarding all analyzed tomographic parameters. Thus, ocular anterior segment parameters of celiac patients are not significantly different from those of healthy subjects, suggesting no underlying pathogenetic implications of celiac disease affecting the assessed structures. Nevertheless, a routine ophthalmological examination for all celiac patients should be recommended throughout their lifetimes due to the potential ocular manifestations of the disease.
Current status of delirium assessment tools in the intensive care unit: a prospective multicenter observational survey
Authors: Ishii Kenzo , Kuroda Kosuke , Tokura Chika , Michida Masaaki , Sugimoto Kentaro , Sato Tetsufumi , Ishikawa Tomoki , Hagioka Shingo , Manabe Nobuki , Kurasako Toshiaki , Goto Takashi , Kimura Masakazu , Sunami Kazuharu , Inoue Kazuyoshi , Tsukiji Takashi , Yasukawa Takeshi , Nogami Satoshi , Tsukioki Mitsunori , Okabe Daisuke , Tanino Masaaki , Morimatsu Hiroshi
Published: February 2022

Delirium is a critical challenge in the intensive care unit (ICU) or high care unit (HCU) setting and is associated with poor outcomes. There is not much literature on how many patients in this setting are assessed for delirium and what tools are used. This study investigated the status of delirium assessment tools of patients in the ICU/HCU. We conducted a multicenter prospective observational study among 20 institutions. Data for patients who were admitted to and discharged from the ICU/HCU during a 1-month study period were collected from each institution using a survey sheet. The primary outcome was the usage rate of delirium assessment tools on an institution- and patient-basis. Secondary outcomes were the delirium prevalence assessed by each institution’s assessment tool, comparison of delirium prevalence between delirium assessment tools, delirium prevalence at the end of ICH/HCU stay, and the relationship between potential factors related to delirium and the development of delirium. Result showed that 95% of institutions used the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC) or the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU) to assess delirium in their ICU/HCU, and the remaining one used another assessment scale. The usage rate (at least once during the ICU/HCU stay) of the ICDSC and the CAM-ICU among individual patients were 64.5% and 25.1%, and only 8.2% of enrolled patients were not assessed by any delirium assessment tool. The prevalence of delirium during ICU/HCU stay was 17.9%, and the prevalence of delirium at the end of the ICU/HCU stay was 5.9%. In conclusion, all institutions used delirium assessment tools in the ICU/HCU, and most patients received delirium assessment. The prevalence of delirium was 17.9%, and two-thirds of patients had recovered at discharge from ICU/HCU.

Trial registration number: UMIN000037834.
Primary glia cells from bank vole propagate multiple rodent-adapted scrapie prions
Authors: Schwenke Karla A. , Wälzlein Joo-Hee , Bauer Agnieszka , Thomzig Achim , Beekes Michael
Published: February 2022

Since the beginning prion research has been largely dependent on animal models for deciphering the disease, drug development or prion detection and quantification. Thereby, ethical as well as cost and labour-saving aspects call for alternatives in vitro. Cell models can replace or at least complement animal studies, but their number is still limited and the application usually restricted to certain strains and host species due to often strong transmission barriers. Bank voles promise to be an exception as they or materials prepared from them are uniquely susceptible to prions from various species in vivo, in vitro and in cell-free applications. Here we present a mainly astrocyte-based primary glia cell assay from bank vole, which is infectible with scrapie strains from bank vole, mouse and hamster. Stable propagation of bank vole-adapted RML, murine 22L and RML, and hamster 263K scrapie is detectable from 20 or 30 days post exposure onwards. Thereby, the infected bank vole glia cells show similar or even faster prion propagation than likewise infected glia cells of the corresponding murine or hamster hosts. We propose that our bank vole glia cell assay could be a versatile tool for studying and comparing multiple prion strains with different species backgrounds combined in one cell assay.
A promising deep learning-assistive algorithm for histopathological screening of colorectal cancer
Authors: Ho Cowan , Zhao Zitong , Chen Xiu Fen , Sauer Jan , Saraf Sahil Ajit , Jialdasani Rajasa , Taghipour Kaveh , Sathe Aneesh , Khor Li-Yan , Lim Kiat-Hon , Leow Wei-Qiang
Published: February 2022

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, accounting for an annual estimated 1.8 million incident cases. With the increasing number of colonoscopies being performed, colorectal biopsies make up a large proportion of any histopathology laboratory workload. We trained and validated a unique artificial intelligence (AI) deep learning model as an assistive tool to screen for colonic malignancies in colorectal specimens, in order to improve cancer detection and classification; enabling busy pathologists to focus on higher order decision-making tasks. The study cohort consists of Whole Slide Images (WSI) obtained from 294 colorectal specimens. Qritive’s unique composite algorithm comprises both a deep learning model based on a Faster Region Based Convolutional Neural Network (Faster-RCNN) architecture for instance segmentation with a ResNet-101 feature extraction backbone that provides glandular segmentation, and a classical machine learning classifier. The initial training used pathologists’ annotations on a cohort of 66,191 image tiles extracted from 39 WSIs. A subsequent application of a classical machine learning-based slide classifier sorted the WSIs into ‘low risk’ (benign, inflammation) and ‘high risk’ (dysplasia, malignancy) categories. We further trained the composite AI-model’s performance on a larger cohort of 105 resections WSIs and then validated our findings on a cohort of 150 biopsies WSIs against the classifications of two independently blinded pathologists. We evaluated the area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve (AUC) and other performance metrics. The AI model achieved an AUC of 0.917 in the validation cohort, with excellent sensitivity (97.4%) in detection of high risk features of dysplasia and malignancy. We demonstrate an unique composite AI-model incorporating both a glandular segmentation deep learning model and a classical machine learning classifier, with excellent sensitivity in picking up high risk colorectal features. As such, AI plays a role as a potential screening tool in assisting busy pathologists by outlining the dysplastic and malignant glands.
Assessment of the ameliorative effect of curcumin on pendimethalin-induced genetic and biochemical toxicity
Authors: Acar Ali , Singh Divya , Srivastava Akhileshwar Kumar
Published: February 2022

The present study aimed to assess the toxic effects of pendimethalin herbicide and protective role of curcumin using the Allium test on cytological, biochemical and physiological parameters. The effective concentration (EC50) of pendimethalin was determined at 12 mg/L by the root growth inhibition test as the concentration reducing the root length by 50%. The roots of Allium cepa L. was treated with tap water (group I), 5 mg/L curcumin (group II), 10 mg/L curcumin (group III), 12 mg/L pendimethalin (group IV), 12 mg/L pendimethalin + 5 mg/L curcumin (group V) and 12 mg/L pendimethalin + 10 mg/L curcumin (group VI). The cytological (mitotic index, chromosomal abnormalities and DNA damage), physiological (rooting percentage, root length, growth rate and weight gain) and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde level, superoxide dismutase level, catalase level and glutathione reductase level) indicators were determined after 96 h of treatment. The results revealed that pendimethalin treatment reduced rooting percentage, root length, growth rate and weight gain whereas induced chromosomal abnormalities and DNA damage in roots of A. cepa L. Further, pendimethalin exposure elevated malondialdehyde level followed by antioxidant enzymes. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were up-regulated and glutathione reductase was down-regulated. The molecular docking supported the antioxidant enzymes activities result. However, a dose-dependent reduction of pendimethalin toxicity was observed when curcumin was supplied with pendimethalin. The maximum recovery of cytological, physiological and oxidative stress parameters was recorded at 10 mg/L concentration of curcumin. The correlation studies also revealed positive relation of curcumin with rooting percentage, root length, weight gain, mitotic activity and glutathione reductase enzyme level while an inverse correlation was observed with chromosomal abnormalities, DNA damage, superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities, and lipid peroxidation indicating its protective effect.
Arm-to-retina time predicts visual outcome of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Takei Tatsuhiko , Nagai Norihiro , Ohkoshi Kishiko , Ozawa Yoko
Published: February 2022

To explore the factors associated with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment for macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of 22 eyes of 22 treatment-naïve patients with CRVO diagnosed between September 2014 and December 2020. They received anti-VEGF treatment and follow-up for > 12 months. Mean patient age was 64.3 years; 13 (59.1%) were men. Eyes with baseline arm-to-retina (AR) time ≥ 16 s had better BCVA at 12 months (adjusted for baseline BCVA and age; B, − 0.658; 95% confidence interval − 1.058 to − 0.257; P = 0.003), greater mean BCVA change (P = 0.006), lower frequency of residual macular edema at 12 months (P = 0.026) and recurrent and/or unresolved macular edema during 12 months (P = 0.046), and higher frequency of reduction in central retinal thickness ≥ 150 μm at 1 and 12 months (both P = 0.046). Delayed AR time was associated with a better visual outcome and macular edema improvement in CRVO after anti-VEGF treatment regardless of initial BCVA and age. Our results may help understand the pathogenesis and predict the visual prognosis of patients before anti-VEGF therapy initiation.
Bis(5-chloroquinolin-8-olato)-bis(pyridine)-cobalt(II) as new catalytic material
Authors: Drzeżdżon Joanna , Mokwa Celina , Sikorski Artur , Parnicka Patrycja , Zaleska-Medynska Adriana , Malinowski Jacek , Kwiatkowska Magdalena , Gawdzik Barbara , Jacewicz Dagmara
Published: February 2022

Nowadays, studies are carried out on the design and synthesis of new catalysts for olefin oligomerization and polymerization, which would contain non-toxic metals and at the same time show high catalytic activities. Complex compounds of transition metal ions such as Fe(II), Cr(III) and Zr(II) containing pyridine or quinoline as ligands show at least moderate catalytic activity in ethylene and propylene polymerizations. To investigate the catalytic activity of the complex containing pyridine ligands and quinoline derivatives, here we have synthesized the crystals of new bis(5-chloroquinolin-8-olato)-bis(pyridine)-cobalt(II) solvate. The synthesized cobalt(II) complex compound was tested in reactions of 2-chloro-2-propen-1-ol and norbornene oligomerizations. Our studies showed that bis(5-chloroquinolin-8-olato)-bis(pyridine)-cobalt(II) after activation by MMAO-12 catalyzes the formation of oligomers in nitrogen atmosphere, under atmospheric pressure and at room temperature. Bis(5-chloroquinolin-8-olato)-bis(pyridine)-cobalt(II) possesses moderate catalytic activity in the formation of norbornene oligomers process and low catalytic activity in 2-chloro-2-propen-1-ol oligomerization.
Identification and validation of a cigarette smoke-related five-gene signature as a prognostic biomarker in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Huang Yefei , Wang Qinzhi , Tang Yu , Liu Zixuan , Sun Guixiang , Lu Zhaojun , Chen Yansu
Published: February 2022

Cigarette smoking greatly promotes the progression of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), however, the underlying molecular events has not been fully established. In this study, RCC cells were exposed to the tobacco specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK, nicotine-derived nitrosamine) for 120 days (40 passages), and then the soft agar colony formation, wound healing and transwell assays were used to explore characteristics of RCC cells. RNA-seq was used to explore differentially expressed genes. We found that NNK promoted RCC cell growth and migration in a dose-dependent manner, and RNA-seq explored 14 differentially expressed genes. In TCGA-KIRC cohort, Lasso regression and multivariate COX regression models screened and constructed a five-gene signature containing ANKRD1, CYB5A, ECHDC3, MT1E, and AKT1S1. This novel gene signature significantly associated with TNM stage, invasion depth, metastasis, and tumor grade. Moreover, when compared with individual genes, the gene signature contained a higher hazard ratio and therefore had a more powerful value for the prognosis of KIRC. A nomogram was also developed based on clinical features and the gene signature, which showed good application. Finally, AKT1S1, the most crucial component of the gene signature, was significantly induced after NNK exposure and its related AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was dramatically activated. Our findings supported that NNK exposure would promote the KIRC progression, and the novel cigarette smoke-related five-gene signature might serve as a highly efficient biomarker to identify progression of KIRC patients, AKT1S1 might play an important role in cigarette smoke exposure-induced KIRC progression.
Understanding the ZIF-L to ZIF-8 transformation from fundamentals to fully costed kilogram-scale production
Authors: Deacon Adam , Briquet Ludovic , Malankowska Magdalena , Massingberd-Mundy Felicity , Rudić Svemir , Hyde Timothy l. , Cavaye Hamish , Coronas Joaquín , Poulston Stephen , Johnson Timothy
Published: February 2022

The production of MOFs at large scale in a sustainable way is key if these materials are to be exploited for their promised widespread application. Much of the published literature has focused on demonstrations of preparation routes using difficult or expensive methodologies to scale. One such MOF is nano-zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) – a material of interest for a range of possible applications. Work presented here shows how the synthesis of ZIF-8 can be tracked by a range of methods including X-ray diffraction, thermo gravimetric analysis and inelastic neutron scattering – which offer the prospect of in-line monitoring of the synthesis reaction. Herein we disclose how the production of nano-ZIF-8 can be conducted at scale using the intermediate phase ZIF-L. By understanding the economics and demonstrating the production of 1 kg of nano-ZIF-8 at pilot scale we have shown how this once difficult to make material can be produced to specification in a scalable and cost-efficient fashion.
Alpine rockwall erosion patterns follow elevation-dependent climate trajectories
Authors: Draebing Daniel , Mayer Till , Jacobs Benjamin , McColl Samuel T.
Published: February 2022

Mountainous topography reflects an interplay between tectonic uplift, crustal strength, and climate-conditioned erosion cycles. During glaciations, glacial erosion increases bedrock relief, whereas during interglacials relief is lowered by rockwall erosion. Here, we show that paraglacial, frost cracking and permafrost processes jointly drive postglacial rockwall erosion in our research area. Field observations and modelling experiments demonstrate that all three processes are strongly conditioned by elevation. Our findings on catchment scale provide a potential multi-process explanation for the increase of rockwall erosion rates with elevation across the European Alps. As alpine basins warm during deglaciation, changing intensities and elevation-dependent interactions between periglacial and paraglacial processes result in elevational shifts in rockwall erosion patterns. Future climate warming will shift the intensity and elevation distribution of these processes, resulting in overall lower erosion rates across the Alps, but with more intensified erosion at the highest topography most sensitive to climate change.
Malaria elimination on Hainan Island despite climate change
Authors: Tian Huaiyu , Li Naizhe , Li Yapin , Kraemer Moritz U. G. , Tan Hua , Liu Yonghong , Li Yidan , Wang Ben , Wu Peiyi , Cazelles Bernard , Lourenço José , Gao Dongqi , Sun Dingwei , Song Wenjing , Li Yuchun , Pybus Oliver G. , Wang Guangze , Dye Christopher
Published: February 2022

Background

Rigorous assessment of the effect of malaria control strategies on local malaria dynamics is a complex but vital step in informing future strategies to eliminate malaria. However, the interactions between climate forcing, mass drug administration, mosquito control and their effects on the incidence of malaria remain unclear.

Methods

Here, we analyze the effects of interventions on the transmission dynamics of malaria (Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum) on Hainan Island, China, controlling for environmental factors. Mathematical models were fitted to epidemiological data, including confirmed cases and population-wide blood examinations, collected between 1995 and 2010, a period when malaria control interventions were rolled out with positive outcomes.

Results

Prior to the massive scale-up of interventions, malaria incidence shows both interannual variability and seasonality, as well as a strong correlation with climatic patterns linked to the El Nino Southern Oscillation. Based on our mechanistic model, we find that the reduction in malaria is likely due to the large scale rollout of insecticide-treated bed nets, which reduce the infections of P. vivax and P. falciparum malaria by 93.4% and 35.5%, respectively. Mass drug administration has a greater contribution in the control of P. falciparum (54.9%) than P. vivax (5.3%). In a comparison of interventions, indoor residual spraying makes a relatively minor contribution to malaria control (1.3%–9.6%).

Conclusions

Although malaria transmission on Hainan Island has been exacerbated by El Nino Southern Oscillation, control methods have eliminated both P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria from this part of China.
Nanostructured Biocompatible Materials
Authors: Karthick V. , Ariga Katsuhiko
Published: February 2022

Engineerable materials are the backbone for nanotechnology in developing fascinating nanostructured systems. The ability to manipulate nanostructured systems to a specific application without losing their biocompatibility remains a key challenge. Nanoarchitectonics paves way for researchers to tailor supramolecular structures specific to biomedical applications. Highly ordered structures in nanometer size can be achieved by processes like self-assembly, Langmuir–Blodgett, interfacial, hydrothermal, and so on. Targeting a specific organ/tissue, delivery of drugs, and tissue regeneration are some of the required characteristics of a biocompatible material. This chapter aims to provide an understanding of what makes a potent biocompatible material with a focus on some of the currently available nanostructured biomaterials and their advancements.
Microfluidic-based in vitro thrombosis model for studying microplastics toxicity
Authors: Chen Longfei , Zheng Yajing , Liu Yantong , Tian Pengfu , Yu Le , Bai Long , Zhou Fuling , Yang Yi , Cheng Yanxiang , Wang Fubing , Zheng Li , Jiang Fenghua , Zhu Yimin
Published: February 2022

Regionalized optical irradiation of “endothelialized” micro-channels induced thrombosis on a microfluidic toxicology platform demonstrating the realistic reproduction of invasion of microplastics.
Optimization of the synthesis conditions of gold nanoparticle–polydimethylsiloxane composites for ultrasound generation
Authors: Wang Qing , Zhou Jia , Wu Xiaohan , Riaud Antoine
Published: February 2022

We show that using alcohol as solvents for the synthesis of Au–PDMS photoacoustic generation composites offers superior photoacoustic pulse amplitude at the expense of pulse decay time. Isopropanol the best of all tested solvents.
Boosting sluggish photocatalytic hydrogen evolution through piezo-stimulated polarization: a critical review
Authors: Mohanty Ritik , Mansingh Sriram , Parida Kaushik , Parida Kulamani
Published: February 2022

Effective exciton separation and transfer dynamics by the synergistic effect of photon and mechano-acoustic energy, termed as piezo-photocatalysis, wherein water molecules are split to produce hydrogen, is an emerging technology for sustainable fuels.
Bimetallic docked covalent organic frameworks with high catalytic performance towards coupling/oxidation cascade reactions
Authors: Li Yaling , Zuo Kaiming , Gao Tingjun , Wu Jifeng , Su Xiaofang , Zeng Chaoyuan , Xu Huanjun , Hu Hui , Zhang Xiaosong , Gao Yanan
Published: February 2022

Cu(ii) and Pd(ii) ions were selectively coordinated within an imine-linked 2D COF that exhibited good catalytic performance towards a one-pot Suzuki coupling/oxidation cascade reaction.
Preparative isolation of maltol glycoside from Dianthus superbus and its anti-inflammatory activity in vitro
Authors: Yuan Chen , Dang Jun , Han Yu , Liu Chuang , Yu Song , Lv Yue , Cui Yunbin , Wang Zhenhua , Li Gang
Published: February 2022

Tunicoside B was isolated via medium-pressure chromatography and 2D reversed-phase/hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. Tunicoside B did not affect the viability of cells in vivo, and exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity.
PO(CH2CH2CF3)3: an organic ultraviolet nonlinear optical material without any anionic group
Authors: Lin Liting , Li Xiaoqian , Qian Kun , Cheng Lin , Zhong Youquan , Xu Hua
Published: February 2022

A new route was provided to design ultraviolet nonlinear optical material using a pure organic compound without any anions. As a potential temperature-controlled UV NLO material, its light transmittance is up to 83% in the UV spectral region.
Improved microstructure and significantly enhanced dielectric properties of Al3+/Cr3+/Ta5+ triple-doped TiO2 ceramics by Re-balancing charge compensation
Authors: Siriya Porntip , Pengpad Atip , Srepusharawoot Pornjuk , Chanlek Narong , Thongbai Prasit
Published: February 2022

The dielectric properties of Cr3+/Ta3+ co-doped TiO2 can be significantly improved by triple doping with Al3+ due to the re-balance of charge compensation.
Chemocatalytic value addition of glucose without carbon–carbon bond cleavage/formation reactions: an overview
Authors: Dutta Saikat , Bhat Navya Subray
Published: February 2022

Recent advances on the production and applications of major C6products from glucose have been reported in this review. The preparation and derivative chemistry of sorbitol, sorbitan, 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, and isosorbide have been elaborated.
Reversible photodissipation of composite photochromic azobenzene-alginate supramolecular hydrogels
Authors: Leistner Anna-Lena , Kistner David Georg , Fengler Christian , Pianowski Zbigniew L.
Published: February 2022

Supramolecular smart materials can quickly elicit macroscopic changes upon external stimulation with light.
Tuning local microstructure of colloidal gels by ultrasound-activated deformable inclusions
Authors: Saint-Michel Brice , Petekidis George , Garbin Valeria
Published: February 2022

Bubbles embedded in a colloidal gel, and driven by ultrasound into volume oscillations, locally modify the gel microstructure producing short-range ordering of the colloidal particles
Ionic liquid functionalized injectable and conductive hyaluronic acid hydrogels for the efficient repair of diabetic wounds under electrical stimulation
Authors: Liu Pan , Jin Kai , Zong Yuange , He Meng , Lu Chunfeng , Li Huiyue , Wang Yanying , Li Chunya
Published: February 2022

The treatment and care of diabetic wounds remains a global challenge due to the high rates of amputation, recurrence, and mortality.
Archigetes Leuckart, 1878 (Cestoda, Caryophyllidea): diversity of enigmatic fish tapeworms with monoxenic life cycles
Authors: Uhrovič Dalibor , Oros Mikuláš , Kudlai Olena , Kuchta Roman , Scholz Tomáš
Published: February 2022

The caryophyllidean genus Archigetes Leuckart, 1878 is unique among all tapeworms in that its species can mature in invertebrate hosts (Oligochaeta), i.e., have a monoxenic (direct) life cycle. All five species were described as progenetic plerocercoids in oligochaetes and two of them also as adults from cypriniform fishes. Two species, A. sieboldi Leuckart, 1878 and A. iowensis Calentine, 1962, were found in North America in non-native common carp (Cyprinus carpio). A molecular study of caryophyllideans from the southern United States has revealed the occurrence of three new species in native freshwater fishes (Catostomidae, Ictiobinae): Archigetes loculotruncatus n. sp. from Ictiobus bubalus, I. niger and Carpiodes cyprinus is the largest representative of the genus and differs by a loculotruncate scolex. Archigetes megacephalus n. sp. from Ictiobus niger, I. bubalus and I. cyprinellus is characterised by a prominent, bothrioloculodiscate scolex. Archigetes vadosus n. sp. from I. bubalus is typified by a globular scolex with very shallow loculi; it differs from the closely related A. sieboldi in the shape of the body, with a distinct neck region and a scolex wider than the remaining body. Archigetes iowensis Calentine, 1962 becomes a junior synonym of Paraglaridacris limnodrili (Yamaguti, 1934). The generic diagnosis of Archigetes is amended and a key to identification of North American taxa is provided. Species of Archigetes and Paraglaridacris differ from each other most conspicuously in the structure of the ovary, which is follicular in Archigetes versus compact in Paraglaridacris.
Fully polynomial time approximation scheme for the pagination problem with hierarchical structure of tiles
Authors: Grange Aristide , Kacem Imed , Martin Sébastien , Minich Sarah
Published: February 2022

The pagination problem is described as follows. We have a set of symbols, a collection of subsets over these symbols (we call these subsets the tiles) and an integer capacity C. The objective is to find the minimal number of pages (a type of container) on which we can schedule all the tiles while following two fundamental rules. We cannot assign more than C symbols on each page and a tile cannot be broken into several pieces, all of its symbols must be assigned to at least one of the pages. The difference from the Bin Packing Problem is that tiles can merge. If two tiles share a subset of symbols and if they are assigned to the same page, this subset will be assigned only once to the page (and not several times). In this paper, as this problem is NP-complete, we will consider a particular case of the dual problem, where we have exactly two pages for which the capacity must be minimized. We will present a fully polynomial time approximation scheme (FPTAS) to solve it. This approximation scheme is based on the simplification of a dynamic programming algorithm and it has a strongly polynomial time complexity. The conducted numerical experiments show its practical effectiveness.
Legislative initiatives in the media: strategies for representation and interpretation
Authors: Amirov Valery M. , Glebovich Tatiana A.
Published: February 2022

The discussion of legislative initiatives, as well as the interpretation a legislative acts or amendments, is an ambiguous phenomenon within the framework of a thematic media discourse. The specified reason determines that the study of the phenomenon is a necessary and relevant thing. The analysis of a legislative hypertext involves the consideration of representative and interpretive strategies of submission of laws by media. An approach seems relevant because the media shapes the public opinion and legal culture, ensures the quality and results of the public discussion of legislative innovations. The research of socio-legal communications is based on the methodology of critical discourse analysis involving the consideration of an unobvious purpose, structure, and additional meanings of the statement. The differences between the practices of representing legal decisions and interpreting lawmaking allowed singling out key strategies for the formation of legislative discourse. The official media represent a law or legislative initiative using strategies such as discussion and popularization, propaganda of law as the basis of society, education that raises the level of legal culture of the population. Opposition media practice the interpretation of legislative activity using other strategic decisions: constructive criticism, analysis of the development and adoption process, construction of a hypothesis of application, as well as emotional (provocative) interpretation.
Linguistic and cultural aspect of the meaning in the texts of caricatures on protests in Hong Kong (based on English-language publications)
Authors: Saburova Natalya , Mikhailov Aysen , Fedorova Klavdia
Published: February 2022

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the linguistic and cultural aspect of caricature texts from the point of view of meaning using the example of protests in Hong Kong represented by the Englishlanguage media. The theoretical review considers such terms and concepts as political caricature, creolized text, linguistic cultural aspect and presuppositions. Political caricature is interpreted as a creolized text, which is an element of political discourse, which meaning is realized based on certain presuppositions, or background knowledge, which in turn is updated through a number of speech and stylistic means. As an example the analytical part of the paper provides analyses of five English-language publications on this topic. The analysis allows illustrating the mechanism for the formation and subsequent implementation of meaning at both the speech and iconic levels of a text, and also demonstrates the role of background knowledge in creating and perceiving the meaning of a political caricature.
Law in the institutional system of modern societies: the value aspect
Authors: Glazyrin Valery
Published: February 2022

People as intelligent and socio-cultural beings give their being a value dimension, which allows them to develop an idea of "who we are" and strive for the organization of public life for the benefit of citizens. In modern societies, constitutional democracies, the values of the rule of law, inviolability of human dignity, legal freedom and human rights constitute the semantic basis for these societies. Outside of these values and legal institutions, modern constitutional and legal societies cannot exist. Social reality can be much "worse" than the legal values proclaimed and enshrined in constitutional acts. Modern societies are complex social systems. Their institutional structure is not limited to legal regulations, and the spectrum of public values is not limited to the area of legal values. The article emphasizes that moral maxims and other value formations cannot replace legal values. The purpose of this work is to study the role of value phenomena in maintaining the legal foundations of modern societies, to show the importance of legal values in comparison with other social values in ensuring the rule of law in modernist democratic societies.
Vocational-oriented teaching of foreign languages in technical institutes by using Internet
Authors: Krivosphapkina Anna , Savvina Irina , Prokopieva Sardana
Published: February 2022

The problems of vocational-oriented teaching and development of different skills of students of technical institutes are considered. The article gives review and analyses of new teaching technologies in teaching foreign languages for professional aims. Application of the Internet in vocational-oriented foreign language teaching enhances motivation of students to expand their own knowledge and attainments through various educational materials from electronic sources, which increases level of speaking and listening, as well as vocational-oriented skills of studying information obtained from the Internet. The model of the educational project "Internet for technical students in the foreign language classes" is considered in stages.
The civilizational value of a contract
Authors: Kazantsev Mikhail Fedorovich
Published: February 2022

The article reveals the civilizational value of a contract as a social phenomenon (legal and non-legal). The contours of the general theory of contract are outlined; the concept of contract as an act of will is formulated, its nature as the most important social regulator is revealed. The article describes the role of a contract as an irreplaceable means of interaction between people, whose civilizational value is determined by the nature of a contract as an act expressing the common binding will of persons who perform it in their own interests. Values such as freedom, democracy, civil society, and human rights are inextricably linked with a contract. The level of contractual freedom is a manifestation and indicator of freedom of a person and society as a whole. The significance of a contract in the legal system is due to the fact that it is the most important legal regulator. The significance of contractual regulation lies in the fact that relations between legally equal subjects cannot be settled only by means of contracts. Contract law is the right of a free person. Thanks to the contract, free people create law for themselves. Law is created by citizens and legal entities through the conclusion of contracts.
Understanding the phenomenon of a real contract: stereotypes, new approaches, and scientific value
Authors: Kazantsev Mikhail Fedorovich
Published: February 2022

The article deals with the definition of a real contract. It is shown that understanding the phenomenon of a real contract is based on the stereotypes: it is defined as an act of transferring a thing in the purchase and sale (tradition). This stereotype does not reflect reality. The transfer of a thing based on the sales contract is not a contract or any other transaction at all. This transfer is an execution of the sales contract. The real contract is a purchase and sale contract. In order to overcome stereotypes in the understanding of a real contract, a new methodological approach based on the doctrine of the subject of civil contractual regulation is required. The basis for classifying civil law contracts is the classification of contracts by the subject of regulation. The real civil contract is a civil contract aimed at regulating proprietary legal relations. Understanding the phenomenon of a real contract has scientific value, since it allows us to identify the legal nature of a real contract, and advances the theory of contract law by classifying contracts by the subject of regulation into obligation, real and real obligation ones.
Images of north-east Asia in expeditional and author's photo projects: strategies for visualization of research objects in the II half of the 19th - the beginning of the 20th century
Authors: Stepanova L.B.
Published: February 2022

Yakutia is a region, where 40% of territories are located in the Arctic zone; it belongs to a geographic zone with extreme natural and climatic conditions, where traditional types of farming continue to prevail. Today, the modern processes in the field of ethnic selfidentification and revival take place in it considering its geopolitical significance, as well as the study of their historical past, and are of particular relevance, where not the last role is played by visual and anthropological resources that are currently preserved in institutions of historical memory (museums, libraries, archives). The visual image becomes a key unified means of influence. Using the example of the Yakutsk region, the article examines the aspect of the visual development of the north-eastern territories of the Russian Empire as a form of scientific knowledge developed by Russian academic science in the process of their study. The systematic use of artistic practices (pictorial recording, photography) in the scientific and methodological tools of the research carried out subsequently had a great practical result, and had formed an impressive layer of visual anthropological materials. The paper examines the main visual images representing a multi-ethnic region.
Human Dignity from Inherent to Constitutional Value
Authors: Krylatova Irina
Published: February 2022

Human dignity is the nature of a human being. It became a modus of human existence, which differentiates humans from other biological species. Human life and human dignity are declared the priority values in international conventions and declarations. Intrinsic character of human dignity was the forerunner for the development of the new multidiscipline named bioethics in the XX century. This article begins with the basics of international regulations in the field of human dignity, definitions, analysis of main characteristics and doctrines of human dignity, inherent values and constitutional values. Further the author stresses the importance of understanding the meaning of inherent human dignity in connection with manipulations with somatic rights. The author concludes that the lack of human life and human dignity evaluation is the main point of the core principle of inherent human dignity based on personal selfawareness. In this regard the article focuses on the statement that human dignity should be an absolute value based on bioethical principles. Then the author goes on to compare constitutional values and human dignity as a value. The research is concluded with the suggestion that inherent human dignity is a base of constitutional values in the particular field of legal relations. In addition, inherent dignity may be the framework of constitutional values.
Interdisciplinary analysis of the influence of monolingualism and bilingualism on personality traits
Authors: Kurilkina Valentina , Vinokurova Ekaterina , Yeliseyeva Natalia , Khachirov Sergey
Published: February 2022

In the age of globalization, computerization, digitalization, the problem of the presence of such qualities as soft skills, which include emotional intelligence, communication skills, the ability to solve problems, the ability to make decisions, the ability to work in a team, independence, introspection, selforganization, reflection and other qualities, is becoming urgent. These qualities should ensure the competitiveness of a young specialist in a constantly changing increasingly complex world in the age of widespread digital technologies, artificial intelligence, robotics, the Internet of things, etc. The article analyzes the results of a study carried out among students of primary school age and student age. It was necessary to find out what advantages the knowledge of two languages (native and non-native) gives students in the development of cognitive abilities and personality traits. To this end, an interdisciplinary analysis of the influence of bilingualism on the development of cognitive processes and personal qualities of two age categories was carried out. The analysis of the research results shows that bilingualism gives certain advantages in the development of the abilities of students of primary school and student age to adapt, communicative qualities, in the ability to pose and solve problems, in the ability to defend their beliefs and interests.
Implementation of online foreign language teaching for students of non-linguistic specialties through the Skyes University training platform at North-Eastern Federal University
Authors: Nogovitsyna Oksana S. , Kulakovskaya Maria V.
Published: February 2022

The forced transition to distance learning contributed to the rapid development of online learning and the active implementation of educational platforms in the educational process. The previously free choice of online education or mixed formats in a pandemic is being replaced by forced online education. This article examines the process of implementing online foreign language teaching for students of non-linguistic specialties through the Skyes University learning platform. The Institute of Modern Languages and International Studies of the North-Eastern Federal University began teaching 1st year students of non-linguistic specialties English through the Skyes digital learning platform (DLP). Skyes University's digital learning environment contains a large number of regularly updated training courses. The purpose of this training is to develop the communicative competence of students of nonlinguistic specialties. The article provides an overview of the scientific works of domestic and foreign researchers in the field of e-learning. The concepts of "online learning" and "distance learning" have been clarified. The analysis of the digital educational environment of Skyes University was carried out and the possibilities of implementing online English language teaching for students of non-linguistic specialties in a higher educational institution were considered. Conclusions are made based on the analysis of the digital educational environment of Skyes University as part of the implementation of online education at North-Eastern Federal University.
Sociocultural genome of law: digital transformation
Authors: Lukyanova Vlada
Published: February 2022

The article studies key elements of the sociocultural genome of law by analyzing the changes it has undergone under the influence of digitalization. The author highlights the following among the main directions of this influence: change in the parties eligible for a legal relationship, since "digital personalities" have recently become one of them, and their activity is on the rise; emergence of algorithmdriven quasi-legislative regulatory institutions (regulatory institutions that are based on a programming code instead of a legal norm); change in the scope of legal regulation and the structure of law. Emergence of quasi-legislative regulatory institutions that are based on a programming code has a no lesser influence on the sociocultural genome. That is why the article especially focuses on the comparative analysis of attributive traits of a legal norm and of a programming code as the "building material" for creating relevant social relationships regulators. A conclusion is drawn that the ever-intensifying use of information technology in various spheres leads to substantial change in the sociocultural genome of law and, subsequently, to change in the composition of the existing model of social regulation.
Procedural and legal issues of the application of the limitation period
Authors: Lazarev Sergey
Published: February 2022

The article substantiates the procedural and legal nature of the limitation period, due to the possibility of the defendant to defend himself against the claim. The author concludes that the presence or absence of the need for procedural activities to consider the claim depends on the will of the defendant (application) and the application of the statute of limitations by the court. As a general rule, the issue of the application of the limitation period should be decided before the trial and formalized by a court ruling. A court ruling is not required.
Specifics of translating the realities of the Yakut national dress into Chinese
Authors: Ordakhova Tuiaara , Grigoreva Anna
Published: February 2022

At the moment, the difference in cultures, linguistic pictures of the world is practically not an obstacle to mutual understanding between peoples. The given problems are completely surmountable in translation. Words and expressions that have no analogues in any other language can exist in the linguistic pictures of the world of one nation. Such words are called realities, namely, words that reflect the peculiarities of culture, customs and rituals of various nationalities. The study of realities plays a crucial role in comprehending the culture of another nation. It is significant not to forget your culture, to know all its subtleties and differences in the age of globalization and the free study of the language and culture of various nationalities. Translation of national dress can cause difficulty for the translator and this study is being conducted with the aim of simplifying this type of translation.