bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sekundäre Winkelblockglaukome
Authors: Nüßle Simone , Lübke Jan
Published: August 2021

Bei sekundären Winkelblockglaukomen liegt mindestens eine identifizierbare
Ursache für den Winkelblock und die Obstruktion des Kammerwasserabflusses vor.
Diese spezielle Unterform des Glaukoms ist eine besonders heterogene Gruppe an
Erkrankungen bzw. Ursachen, die sich in ihrer Auswirkung auf den
Kammerwasserfluss und in ihrer Behandlung deutlich unterscheiden. Dieser Beitrag
gibt eine Übersicht über die verschiedenen Formen des sekundären
Winkelblockglaukoms und zeigt die Ansatzpunkte für eine zielgerichtete Therapie
auf.
Das metanephrische Adenom - eine benigne Variante des Wilms-Tumors - Ein Fallbericht eines sehr seltenen Nierentumors mit Literaturübersicht
Authors: Bannowsky Andreas , Samuel Claudia , Minin Evgeny , Ückert Stefan
Published: August 2021

Die seltenen gutartigen Tumoren der Niere umfassen eine Gruppe histogenetisch sehr verschiedener Entitäten. Wir berichten über eine 53-jährige Patientin, bei der aufgrund des Verdachts auf Vorliegen eines Nierenzellkarzinoms eine laparoskopische Nephrektomie durchgeführt wurde. In der histologischen Untersuchung zeigte sich der seltene Befund eines benignen metanephrischen Adenoms. Das hier beschriebene metanephrische Adenom stellt mit weniger als 200 dokumentierten Fällen eine Rarität im urologischen Alltag dar und ist klinisch sowie bildmorphologisch ohne histologische Begutachtung derzeitig nicht von einem malignen Tumor der Niere zu unterschieden.
Pain in German physiotherapists: an analysis of pain prevalence and analgesics intake
Authors: Steiner Sarah , Möckel Luis
Published: August 2021

Background Healthcare professionals of different occupations report pain, in particular back pain. It is known that the handling of patients and standing for long periods of time – like physiotherapists do, as well as working in bent posture – are causes of back pain. A high prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in German physiotherapists is to be expected.

Objective To determine pain point prevalence, severity of pain, type of pain (acute, chronic, recurrent), most affected body locations and extent of analgesics intake in German physiotherapists.

Method This was a nationwide online survey with German physiotherapists. Univariable and multivariable methods were applied to identify associations between sociodemographic variables and pain, type of pain and pain location as well as analgesic intake by type of pain. In addition, severity of pain by type was examined using the Kruska-Wallis Test.

Results A total of 550 physiotherapists were included in the analysis. Prevalence of pain was 63.09 % (acute: 4.18 %, chronic: 15.27 %, recurrent: 43.64 %). Most frequently mentioned pain locations were lumbar spine (49.27 %), cervical spine (48.39 %) and head (40.47 %). Participants with chronic pain reported a higher pain severity than physiotherapists with recurrent pain. Analgesics were used by 35.29 % of study participants with pain. Participants with chronic pain indicated a significantly higher probability of using analgesics compared to physiotherapists with recurrent pain.

Conclusion This study indicates a high prevalence of pain and analgesics intake in participating physiotherapists. Therefore, measures are needed to reduce pain in German physiotherapists.
Umsetzung von Transfer im Forschungsprozess: Ein Diskussionsbeitrag aus Perspektive von Forschenden für die Rehabilitation
Authors: Schaller Andrea , Exner Anne-Kathrin , Stahl Lisa , Xyländer Margret
Published: August 2021

Ausgehend von der wachsenden Bedeutung des Themas Transfer in den Rehabilitationswissenschaften, stellt das vorliegende Diskussionspapier eine Systematisierung von Transferaufgaben und -aktivitäten im Projektverlauf aus Sicht von Forschenden vor. Neben den Erfahrungen der Autorinnen fließen dabei die Ergebnisse aus zwei moderierten Expertenforen mit 14 bzw. 8 Rehabilitationsforschenden mit verschiedenen thematischen Bezügen ein. In den Expertenforen wurde die Frage diskutiert, welche Stakeholder zu welchem Zeitpunkt und in welcher Form in den Projektverlauf eingebunden werden sollten, damit anwendungsorientierte Rehabilitationsforschung gelingen kann. Die dokumentierten Inhalte der Expertenforen wurden von den Autorinnen dieses Beitrags systematisiert und aufbereitet und sollen zu Diskussionen über die Vorgehensweise beim Transfer im Verlauf von Rehabilitationsforschungsprojekten anregen. Der vorliegende Beitrag ist aus Veranstaltungen im Rahmen der Arbeitsgruppe Innovationswerkstatt – Science Circle des NRW Forschungsverbundes Rehabilitationswissenschaften entstanden.
Jaw in a Day: Immediate Dental Rehabilitation during Fibula Reconstruction of the Mandible
Authors: Ong Adrian , Williams Fayette , Tokarz Ellen , Shokri Tom , Hammer Daniel , Ducic Yadranko
Published: August 2021

Reconstructing mandibular defects presents challenges to dental rehabilitation related to altered bone and soft tissue anatomy. Dental implants are the most reliable method to restore the lost dentition. Immediate dental implants have been placed for many years but with unacceptably low rates of dental/prosthetic success. Current virtual technology allows placement of both fibulas and guided implants in restoratively driven positions that also allow immediate dental rehabilitation. Inexpensive three-dimensional printing platforms can create provisional dental prostheses placed at the time of surgery. This article reviews our digital and surgical workflow to create an immediate dental prosthesis to predictably restore the dentition during major jaw reconstruction with fibula free flaps.
The Effect of Incorporation of Cellulose Kenaf Fibers in Composite Resin on Mechanical Properties and Surface Topography Analysis Using Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Ibrahim Nur Aliya , Alawi Rabihah , Johari Yanti , Muttlib Nor Aidaniza Abdul , Yusoff Mohd Nazrulhuzaimi Md
Published: August 2021

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the flexural and compressive strength of kenaf-reinforced composite resin as well as analyze the length and diameter of kenaf fibers and their surface topography.

Materials and Methods Kenaf fibers were alkaline treated and wetted with coupling agent. Kenaf-reinforced composite resin was fabricated manually. Specimens for kenaf-reinforced composite resin (Tetric N Flow [Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein] + 2% kenaf) and control group (Tetric N Flow [Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein]) were prepared using stainless steel molds with dimension of 25 mm × 2 mm × 2 mm and 6 mm × 4 mm for flexural and compressive strength tests, respectively, and tested using Instron Universal Testing Machine (Shimadzu, Japan). Raw kenaf fibers, treated kenaf fibers, and fractured sample from flexural strength test were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (FEI Quanta FEG 450, United States). Data were analyzed using independent sample t-test. Significant level was set at p < 0.05.

Results Kenaf-reinforced composite resin has a lower flexural and compressive strength than the control group (p < 0.05). SEM analysis revealed the average fibers’ length to be 1.24 mm and diameter ranging from 6.56 to 12.9 μm. The fibers dispersed in composite as single strand or a bundle with a minimal gap between fibers and composite.

Conclusion Flexural and compressive strengths of kenaf-reinforced composite resin were lower than the control group, despite some adaptation between kenaf fibers and composite noted. The fibers’ length and diameter were reasonable for the dispersion in the resin matrix; however, additional treatments of kenaf are required for a favorable result.
Floating Wigner crystal and periodic jellium configurations
Authors: Lauritsen Asbjørn Bækgaard
Published: August 2021

Extending on ideas of Lewin, Lieb, and Seiringer [Phys. Rev. B 100, 035127 (2019)], we present a modified “floating crystal” trial state for jellium (also known as the classical homogeneous electron gas) with density equal to a characteristic function. This allows us to show that three definitions of the jellium energy coincide in dimensions d ≥ 2, thus extending the result of Cotar and Petrache [“Equality of the Jellium and uniform electron gas next-order asymptotic terms for Coulomb and Riesz potentials,” arXiv: 1707.07664 (2019)] and Lewin, Lieb, and Seiringer [Phys. Rev. B 100, 035127 (2019)] that the three definitions coincide in dimension d ≥ 3. We show that the jellium energy is also equivalent to a “renormalized energy” studied in a series of papers by Serfaty and others, and thus, by the work of Bétermin and Sandier [Constr. Approximation 47, 39–74 (2018)], we relate the jellium energy to the order n term in the logarithmic energy of n points on the unit 2-sphere. We improve upon known lower bounds for this renormalized energy. Additionally, we derive formulas for the jellium energy of periodic configurations.
Bottom-up coarse-grain modeling of plasticity and nanoscale shear bands in α-RDX
Authors: Izvekov Sergei , Rice Betsy M.
Published: August 2021

Computationally inexpensive particle-based coarse-grained (CG) models are essential for use in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of mesoscopically slow cooperative phenomena, such as plastic deformations in solids. Molecular crystals possessing complex symmetry present enormous practical challenges for particle-based coarse-graining at molecularly resolved scales, when each molecule is in a single-site representation, and beyond. Presently, there is no published pairwise non-bonded single-site CG potential that is able to predict the space group and structure of a molecular crystal. In this paper, we present a successful coarse-graining at a molecular level from first principles of an energetic crystal, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-s-triazine (RDX) in the alpha phase, using the force-matching-based multiscale coarse-graining (MSCG/FM) approach. The new MSCG/FM model, which implements an optimal pair decomposition of the crystal Helmholtz free energy potential in molecular center-of-mass coordinates, was obtained by force-matching atomistic MD simulations of liquid, amorphous, and crystalline states and in a wide range of pressures (up to 20 GPa). The MSCG/FM potentials for different pressures underwent top-down optimization to fine-tune the mechanical and thermodynamic properties, followed by consolidation into a transferable density-dependent model referred to as RDX-TC-DD (RDX True-Crystal Density-Dependent). The RDX-TC-DD model predicts accurately the crystal structure of α-RDX at room conditions and reproduces the atomistic reference system under isothermal (300 K) hydrostatic compression up to 20 GPa, in particular, the Pbca symmetry of α-RDX in the elastic regime. The RDX-TC-DD model was then used to simulate the plastic response of uniaxially ([100]) compressed α-RDX resulting in nanoscale shear banding, a key mechanism for plastic deformation and defect-free detonation initiation proposed for many molecular crystalline explosives. Additionally, a comparative analysis of the effect of core-softening of the RDX-TC-DD potential and the degree of molecular rigidity in the all-atom treatment suggests a stress-induced short-range softening of the effective intermolecular interaction as a fundamental cause of plastic instability in α-RDX. The reported RDX-TC-DD model and overall workflow to develop it open up possibilities to perform high quality simulation studies of molecular energetic materials under thermal and mechanical stimuli, including extreme conditions.
On the dissipation of H(div)-conforming schemes for incompressible flows
Authors: Chen Xi , Drapaca Corina
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we present a systematic construction of a H(div)-conforming numerical dissipation for time-dependent incompressible Euler and Navier–Stokes equations. The goal is to improve the performance of the central flux scheme. The construction is a generalization of the upwind flux scheme from the dissipation point of view and makes use of the discontinuity of numerical quantities across interior edges. It is physically connected to the implicit large eddy simulation used in turbulent flow simulations. Examples are constructed when the jump of the gradient or curl of numerical velocity is used, and their performance is tested through numerical experiments. Numerical results show that the added dissipation does a good job in reducing numerical errors and in preserving the right physics.
Inherent non-linear damping in resonators with inertia amplification
Authors: Van Damme B. , Hannema G. , Sales Souza L. , Weisse B. , Tallarico D. , Bergamini A.
Published: August 2021

Inertia amplification is a mechanism coupling degrees of freedom within a vibrating structure. Its goal is to achieve an apparent high dynamic mass and, accordingly, a low resonance frequency. Such structures have been described for use in locally resonant metamaterials and phononic crystals to lower the starting frequency of a bandgap without adding mass to the system. This study shows that any non-linear kinematic coupling between translational or rotational vibrations leads to the appearance of amplitude-dependent damping. The analytical derivation of the equation of motion of a resonator with inertia amplification creates insight in the damping process and shows that the vibration damping increases with its amplitude. The theoretical study is validated by experimental evidence from two types of inertia-amplification resonators. Finally, the importance of amplitude-dependent damping is illustrated when the structure is used as a tuned mass damper for a cantilever beam.
The largest endemic genus in New Caledonia grows: three new species of
Authors: Swenson Ulf , Munzinger Jérôme , Nylinder Stephan , Gâteblé Gildas
Published: August 2021

Pycnandra Benth., a member of subfamily Chrysophylloideae (Sapotaceae), is the largest endemic genus in New Caledonia and is subdivided into six subgenera. It circumscribes 59 species, plus an additional three described here, and nine additional species that remain undescribed for various reasons. We here use nrDNA data of ETS, ITS, and RPB2, analyse it within a Bayesian framework using BEAST, and place the new species in their respective subgenera. Pycnandra perplexa Swenson & Gâteblé is placed in subgenus Achradotypus and given a preliminary IUCN Red List assessment of Near Threatened (NT). It is confined to the ultramafic massif of southern Grande Terre and separated from the similar species P. griseosepala Vink, which is confined to non-ultramafic mountains north of the large southern ultramafic plateau. Pycnandra kopetoensis Munzinger & Swenson and P. margueriteae Munzinger & Swenson are two new micro-endemic species known only from their type localities, where habitats have been destroyed by deforestation, deliberate fires and mining activities. Pycnandra kopetoensis is named after Mount Kopéto, placed in subgenus Leptostylis, and given a preliminary assessment as Critically Endangered (CR). Pycnandra margueriteae is from a small remnant forest near Bourail and categorised as Critically Endangered (CR). Revised identification keys for subgenus Achradotypus, Leptostylis and Pycnandra are provided.
El Niño Southern Oscillation and decadal climate variability impacts on crop yields and adaptation value
Authors: Wang Minglu , Huang Yu-Kai , Cheng Muxi , Sheng Bingru , McCarl Bruce
Published: August 2021

Ocean-atmospheric phenomena (OAP) have been found to be associated with regional climate variability and, in turn, agricultural production. Previous research has shown that advance information on OAP and its climate implications could provide valuable opportunities to adjust agriculture practices. In this study, we review OAP effects on crop yields, covering both shorter-term El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and longer-term ocean-related decadal climate variability (DCV) phenomena, such as Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the Tropical Atlantic Gradient (TAG), and the West Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP). We review both statistical approaches and simulation models that have been used to assess OAP impacts on crop yields. Findings show heterogeneous impacts across crops, regions, OAP phases, and seasons. Evidence also indicates that more frequent and extreme OAP phases would damage agriculture. However, economic gains could be achieved via adaptation strategies responding to the early release of OAP phase information. Discussions on current knowledge gaps and future research issues are included.
The joint roadmap for radiation protection research: outreach and future
Authors: Impens Nathalie R E N , Salomaa Sisko
Published: August 2021

During the last decade there has been remarkable integration of radiation protection research in Europe, driven by six research platforms. The platforms are associations of research centres, university research groups and funding bodies in Member States that are dedicated to specialised areas of research in radiation protection, such as health risks (MELODI), radioecology (ALLIANCE), radiological emergencies (NERIS), dosimetry (EURADOS), medical use of radiation (EURAMED) and societal aspects (SHARE). Recently these platforms established an umbrella organisation MEENAS, to endorse further integration and joint activities in research, education and training, and infrastructures. A milestone in this process of integration and priority setting was achieved in 2020 when the first edition of the joint roadmap for radiation protection research was finalised. In this paper we describe the various roles for research and development in the radiation protection context, ranging from basic scientific knowledge underpinning the system of protection to research supporting the development and application of international standards and research and development activities needed to ensure safety in radiation practices and in potential exposure scenarios. We describe the process of how the joint roadmap has been developed and how it could be implemented. Finally, we address the need to anticipate potential future exposure scenarios and to systematically consider the impact of emerging technologies and global challenges in the context of radiation protection. The joint roadmap is a living document that needs to be regularly updated to cover both current and potential exposures of humans and the environment.
Background-oriented schlieren measurement of near-surface density field in surface dielectric-barrier-discharge
Authors: Kaneko Yutaka , Nishida Hiroyuki , Tagawa Yoshiyuki
Published: August 2021

Surface dielectric-barrier-discharge (DBD) is widely utilized for flow control actuators called DBD plasma actuator (DBDPA). With the aim of ensuring an accurate background-oriented schlieren (BOS) measurement of the near-surface density field in surface DBD, we investigate the effects of the depth of field (DoF), the wall surface and the background image deformation on measurement results. Experiments using a glass plate as the measurement target reveal that there is no appreciable effect of whether the DoF includes the measurement target. Additionally, the DoF should be shallow from the viewpoint of the error introduced by the wall surface. Moreover, it is found that the error introduced by the wall surface and the dot deformation can be characterized by specific dimensionless parameters. Finally, we conduct the BOS measurement of the DBDPA. We confirm that the density field is qualitatively valid from a physical respect, and we present the density field while discussing specific measurement errors.
High-throughput, accurate Monte Carlo simulation on CPU hardware for PET applications
Authors: Scheins J J , Lenz M , Pietrzyk U , Shah N J , Lerche C
Published: August 2021

Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) represent a fundamental approach to modelling the photon interactions in positron emission tomography (PET). A variety of PET-dedicated MCS tools are available to assist and improve PET imaging applications. Of these, GATE has evolved into one of the most popular software for PET MCS because of its accuracy and flexibility. However, simulations are extremely time-consuming. The use of graphics processing units (GPU) has been proposed as a solution to this, with reported acceleration factors about 400–800. These factors refer to GATE benchmarks performed on a single CPU core. Consequently, CPU-based MCS can also be easily accelerated by one order of magnitude or beyond when exploiting multi-threading on powerful CPUs. Thus, CPU-based implementations become competitive when further optimisations can be achieved. In this context, we have developed a novel, CPU-based software called the PET physics simulator (PPS), which combines several efficient methods to significantly boost the performance. PPS flexibly applies GEANT4 cross-sections as a pre-calculated database, thus obtaining results equivalent to GATE. This is demonstrated for an elaborated PET scanner with 3-layer block detectors. All code optimisations yield an acceleration factor of ≈20 (single core). Multi-threading on a high-end CPU workstation (96 cores) further accelerates the PPS by a factor of 80. This results in a total speed-up factor of ≈1600, which outperforms comparable GPU-based MCS by a factor of ≳2. Optionally, the proposed method of coincidence multiplexing can further enhance the throughput by an additional factor of ≈15. The combination of all optimisations corresponds to an acceleration factor of ≈24 000. In this way, the PPS can simulate complex PET detector systems with an effective throughput of 106photon pairs in less than 10 milliseconds.
Influence of Design Parameters on The Low Temperature Tribological Performance of Surface Textured Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Ye Tao , Ma Jian-Wei , Jia Zhen-Yuan
Published: August 2021

In this study, micro-grooves with varying design parameters were fabricated on 5A06 aluminium alloy by a nanosecond pulsed laser. Dry sliding wear tests were performed on a ball-on-disc tribometer at the temperature as low as -100°C to evaluate the influence of design parameters on the friction and wear characteristics of laser surface textured 5A06 aluminium alloy. The mechanism of surface texture is analysed from two aspects of friction behaviour and wear morphology. The experimental results show that the design parameters of the laser surface texture have an important influence on the tribological performance of 5A06 aluminium alloy. Reasonable laser surface texture can successfully enhance the tribological performance, thanks to its ability to capture debris to prevent secondary wear.
Additive Manufacturing and Mechanical Properties of Functionally Graded Medical Ti–35Nb–7Zr–5Ta Porous Scaffolds
Authors: Cheng Huihua
Published: August 2021

Functionally graded porous structure materials produced by additive manufacturing are promising for bone tissue engineering. Uniform and three kinds of gradient porous models (Radial, Axial, and Unidirectional) based on BCC unit were designed and built with selective laser melting. The research results show that: SLMed Uniform porous Ti–35Nb–7Zr–5Ta sample consists of a single β-Ti phase, and microstructure is composed of columnar crystal and cellular structure. The compression test shows that the radial gradient porous structure has higher yield strength (111 MPa), low elastic modulus (4.5 GPa), excellent plasticity, and energy absorption, which is more suitable for the construction of load-bearing orthopedic scaffold.
A 6-PTRT Parallel Robot using Parallel Guide Wires
Authors: Yang Xian , Zhuo Beichen , Jia Haozhe , Rong Weibin , Liu Chun , Gao Wenxiang , Li Shijie
Published: August 2021

In this paper, a parallel guide 6-PTRT parallel robot with 6 degrees of freedom is designed for drilling and riveting in the narrow space inside the nacelle, and its kinematics analysis is performed, including the solution of inverse kinematics solution, Jacobian matrix, workspace results and the forward kinematics solution. The major structure parameters of the parallel robot are optimized by integrating the global performance index and the size of the workspace, and a set of parallel robot size parameters with good comprehensive performance are obtained. They are layout angles θ
1 = 17.5°, θ
2 = 15°, radius of movable platform r = 130mm, radius of fixed platform R = 220mm, length of branch chain L = 220mm. These parameters meet the given size of the space available for the robot and the mounting dimensions of the drilling tool
Critical Speed Analysis of Sliding Bearing Rotor System Based On ANSYS
Authors: Ming Cheng , Xianbin Teng , Qijiang Yang , Songcheng Pu , Yupeng Wang , Yaodi Lin , yachunyue Zhou
Published: August 2021

Sliding bearing rotor system plays an important role in rotating machinery, and its critical speed is a key index. In this paper, a sliding bearing rotor system is established, and the critical speed range is obtained by ANSYS Workbench software under different oil film stiffness, which provides guidance and basis for maintaining the stability of sliding bearing rotor system and avoiding resonance.
Design and Random Vibration Simulation of the S-shaped Vibration Damping Structure for Transport Pallet
Authors: Huang Xiuling , Qu Xiaohui
Published: August 2021

In order to improve the safety of containerized transport unit in palletized transport, this paper designs a new structural vibration damping pallet. Compared with the pallets that rely on material damping, the former is less affected by the environment, and can limit the horizontal and vertical deformation, making it elastic vertically to ensure the stability of cargo stacking. The relationship between its elastic deformation and material properties, size parameters and loads is obtained by establishing the mechanical model of the S-beam damping structure. Through finite element simulation of the static elastic deformation of the pallet, the relative error between the simulation and the theoretical results is only about 1%, which verifies the theoretical basis of the vibration damping structure and reliability of the finite element modeling. In random vibration simulation, the S-shaped structural vibration damping pallet has a damping effect from 11.2Hz, and it reduces vibration energy of the traditional pallet by 46.3% and 9.3% less than the EPE material damping pallet and covers a wider damping frequencies. The results show that the pallet has obvious vibration reduction effect, can effectively protect the cargo and increase security of palletized transport.
Magneto-Optical Imaging Detection and Reconstruction of Complex-Shaped Weld Defects
Authors: Liu Qianwen , Song Yaowu , Ye Guangwen , Zhang Yanxi , Wang Congyi , Gao Xiangdong
Published: August 2021

To research the feasibility of magneto-optical imaging (MOI) in detecting small and complex defects and to explore the imaging process of MOI detection, the MOI system is used to detect defects with small and complex shapes. And the magnetic field energy accumulation of defects is simulated by Maxwell 3D. Finally, the defect profile is reconstructed according to the magnetic field distribution obtained. Research results show that the reconstructed defect images are basically consistent with the actual magneto-optical images. And there is special magnetic field energy accumulation at the intersection point, inflection point and end point of the complex-shaped defects. MOI is feasible in the detection of complex shapes, and the simulated imaging method has a certain theoretical assistance for MOI detection.
The Modeling and Design of Pressure Detection Device in an Automated-cutoff Valve
Authors: Jun Chi , Mingjie Xing , Junjie Xing , Jiatao Song
Published: August 2021

In order to improve the efficiency of the design of gaseous pressure detection device in an automated-cutoff valve, a model is established according to its deformation characteristics. After the simulation of fluid field which illustrates the dispersed gaseous pressure in the inner cavity and the analysis of displacement produced by a deformed flexible part in the device, the main parameters of the device are designed based on the model. Finally, the data in the corresponding test verifies that the established model is correct and parameters design are effective in the engineering.
Numerical simulation and experimental research on the thermal comfort of a passenger compartment considering the influence of solar radiation
Authors: Feng Jiqi , Wang Chen , Kan Jinzhuo
Published: August 2021

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is used to study the effect of solar radiation model on the thermal environment of passenger compartment. The thermal comfort of passenger compartment is evaluated by equivalent temperature and mean radiation temperature and the correctness of the simulation results is verified through passenger compartment cooling performance experiment. The results show that the solar radiation parameters have different effects on the thermal comfort of passenger compartment. Among them, the solar azimuth has no obvious effect on the thermal comfort of passenger compartment. The change of the solar altitude will cause different solar radiation and radiation intensity changes in various parts. Changes in radiation intensity have a great impact on thermal comfort.
A study of replication of Qing Dynasty dragon robes based on CLO3D technology
Authors: Wang xu  , Yue Li , xiaogang Wang
Published: August 2021

So far, the research on Chinese historical costumes has stayed on the discussion of culture, shape, pattern and social background. There is a big gap in the research on the reproduction of historical costumes. In this paper the clothing characteristics of Qing Dynasty dragon robe pattern, craftsmanship, shape and structure are analyzed by referring the literature, with the purpose of realizing the digital virtual display of ancient traditional clothing, and it carries out a comparative analysis of clothing CAD pattern, 3D virtual fitting and replication of samples, which put forward the detailed problems and solutions in the traditional dragon robe virtual simulation process. The research shows that the three-dimensional virtual simulation model can accurately restore the fabric, pattern, color and structure of the dragon robe of the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, this paper provides a reliable patterns and simulation modeling method for the research about the dragon robe, which offer an innovative research method for inheritance of traditional Chinese clothing.
Experimental Research on the Gluing and Curing Cycle Time for the Connecting Hole Sleeve of Communication Satellite Engine Bracket
Authors: Wang GuoXing , Qi XiangJun , Yu MaoLin , Zheng YuMin , Cheng Ze , Li YaBo , Zhang Jian
Published: August 2021

The connecting hole sleeve of the engine bracket is an important component to ensure the reliable installation of the satellite engine. In actual production, the inner and outer connecting hole sleeves of the bracket are connected by gluing and screwing, and finally the fastening components are installed by drilling and reaming. The traditional adhesive curing cycle standard does not apply to this situation. In this paper, the influence of different curing time on the reaming operation of the connecting hole sleeve was studied through the development of the process test. The test conclusions have reached the shortest curing period of the glue that can ensure sufficient connection strength of the hole sleeve, and put forward suggestions for improvement. The test method in this article has reference significance for related research in other industries.
Research and Application of Fault Diagnosis Method for Automobile Electronic Control Engine Based on Data Stream Analysis
Authors: Zhang Chen
Published: August 2021

In the process of diagnosing automobile electronic control engine faults, using data flow analysis methods as the main fault diagnosis work can not only improve the efficiency of fault diagnosis, but also have a positive significance for the development of China’s automobile industry. The engine is not only the main component of the automobile, but also the key content that must be paid attention to in the development of the automobile industry. Once a car engine fails, it will have a great impact on the operation of the whole car. In order to be able to accurately grasp the specific fault conditions of automobile electronically controlled engines, we need to use effective fault diagnosis methods for analysis. At present, the application of dynamic data flow and static data flow analysis methods can accurately grasp the actual situation of the engine to a large extent. The use of data flow analysis to carry out effective troubleshooting and handling of the cause of the fault can reduce the possibility of engine failure. Experts need to analyze the specific conditions of the data flow during the research process, and discuss the specific application of the data flow analysis method in the process of automobile electronic control engine fault diagnosis. Thereby it can provide accurate reference for the fault diagnosis of automobile electronic control engine, ensure the safe operation of automobile electronic control engine, and improve the production efficiency of automobile enterprises.
Research Core Ideas Analysis of Intelligent Optimization Methods of Complex Equipment Multi-Pipe Road
Authors: Liu Haiyan
Published: August 2021

In the process of complex equipment work, the piping system plays a very important role. The rationality and precision of the layout design results will affect the service life of complex equipment. This article analyzes the targets, laying principles, commonly used laying models, and laying obstacles for complex equipment with multiple pipelines in bundles. The author studied the key points of intelligent optimization of single-target pipeline and multi-target pipeline laying in bundles of complex equipment. The purpose of this article is to optimize the piping system layout and improve the safety of complex equipment during operation.
Effect of beam oscillating pattern on laser welding of steel to PMMA
Authors: Huang Yijie , Zhang Nanfeng , Zhang Yanxi , Gao Xiangdong
Published: August 2021

Laser welding of 1 mm-thick steel and PMMA was employed via beam oscillating. Three modes of beam oscillation, transverse, longitudinal and circular were explored. Due to the stirring effect, the beam oscillation improves the weld formation and promotes the flow of bubbles in the molten layer. The circular oscillation gives the strongest weld homogeneous without overheat discoloration defect. The bonding strength was 38% more than the weldment without beam oscillation. The weld strength improvement was attributed to the variation of the oscillating speed varies the time-frequency distribution of the beam energy. This technology reduces the morphological defects and increases the uniformity of the weld. The improvement mechanism of beam oscillation on bubble behavior and melt flow behavior is also discussed.
Digital twin model of equipment maintenance management in modern enterprises
Authors: Wang Yabin , Wang Shuai , Wang Jinguo
Published: August 2021

With the development of science and technology, modern enterprise equipment is more and more complex and widely distributed. The requirement of “accuracy” of equipment maintenance management is higher and higher. Accurate equipment maintenance management is of great significance for accurate support of modern enterprise. By analyzing the current problems faced by modern enterprise equipment maintenance management, the digital twin technology is introduced into the field of equipment maintenance management, and the idea of modern enterprise equipment maintenance managemen based on digital twin is proposed. From the physical layer, twin layer, application layer and connection layer, the equipment model based on digital twin is established, the operation of the model is analyzed, and the application method of the model is prospected.
Comfort evaluation and analysis of high-speed train
Authors: Ding Tiecheng , Lin Jianhui , Chen Xieqi
Published: August 2021

At present, the methods widely used to evaluate passenger comfort in train environment are ISO2631-1 and UTC-513R. In order to compare and analyze the application of the two standards in the actual line conditions, three-axis acceleration sensor is installed on CRH3 to collect the vibration data of the vehicle. All the ride comfort is calculated according to the standards of ISO2631-1 and UIC-513R, and mapped to the map line. The results are helpful to further improve the accuracy of comfort evaluation of high-speed trains.
Measurement method of pillow spring based on machine vision
Authors: Liu Huanlong , Jiang Bin , Li Dafa , Wang Zhengjie
Published: August 2021

In the current maintenance of pillow springs of railway freight cars in our country, the measuring method of manually using measuring scale and measure gauges is still common. In order to improve the quality and efficiency of the pillow spring measurement, and to support the automatic upgrade of the pillow spring maintenance line, a new method for measuring the size of the pillow spring based on machine vision is proposed. By analyzing the requirements and characteristics of pillow spring detection and matching, a visual measurement system was designed to replace manual measurement, and openCV was used for image processing, feature extraction and size calibration. Compared with manual measurement, the measurement accuracy and efficiency of this method are higher. Experiments were conducted under different lighting conditions, and the measurement results have good repeatability and stability, indicating that the method has good robustness to the light intensity of the pillow spring environment.
Analysis and Application of Vibration Signals of Aerospace Servo Actuator
Authors: Chen SiLu , Li Zhanwei , Zhang Qing
Published: August 2021

This paper analyzes the vibration signals of aerospace servo actuator and studies their applications. In the signal pre-processing, an adaptive filter based on genetic algorithm is added to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Time domain analysis is used to monitor the vibration signals and determine the main vibration directions. Frequency domain analysis is used to extract the main vibration frequencies and perform preliminary fault analysis. The WT method with optional window function is used for time-frequency analysis, which can describe the relationship between vibration signal frequency and time, and decompose the signal characteristics required for the analysis. In the research, LabVIEW and MATLAB are used for data processing and analysis. The research lays the foundation of aerospace servo actuator vibration signal analysis and processing system.
Human influence on daily temperature variability over land
Authors: Wan H , Kirchmeier-Young M C , Zhang X
Published: August 2021

Changes in day-to-day (daily) temperature variability have implications for the health of humans and other species and industries such as agriculture. The strongest historical changes in daily temperature variability are decreases in the northern high latitudes annually and in all seasons except summer. Additionally, daily temperature variability has increased in the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes during summer and over tropical and Southern Hemisphere land areas. These patterns are projected to continue with additional warming. We conduct a formal detection and attribution analysis, finding the global spatio-temporal changes in daily temperature standard deviation annually and for all seasons except boreal summer are attributable to anthropogenic forcing. Human influence is also detected in some individual 20-degree latitude bands, including the northern high latitudes. Attribution results are generally robust to different methodological choices and this provides confidence in projected changes in daily temperature variability with continued anthropogenic warming.
A link between surface air temperature and extreme precipitation over Russia from station and reanalysis data
Authors: Aleshina M A , Semenov V A , Chernokulsky A V
Published: August 2021

Precipitation extremes are widely thought to intensify with global warming due to an exponential growth following the Clausius–Clapeyron (C–C) equation which links the atmosphere water vapor saturation pressure with air temperature. However, a number of recent studies based on station and reanalyzes data for the contemporary period showed that scaling rates between extreme precipitation and temperature strongly depend on temperature range, moisture availability, and a region of interest. Being performed for some regions, such estimates, however, lack for Northern Eurasia, where prominent temperature changes and rapid shift from large-scale to convective precipitation are observed. Here, we examine the scaling between daily precipitation extremes and surface air temperature (SAT) over Russia for 1966–2017 using meteorological station data and for 1979–2020 using ERA5 reanalysis. The precipitation-temperature relation is examined for total precipitation and, separately, for convective and large-scale precipitation types. In winter, we reveal a general increase in extreme precipitation of all precipitation types according to the C–C relationship. For the Russian Far East region, the stratiform precipitation extremes scale with SAT following even super C–C rates, about two times as fast as C–C. However, in summer we find a peak-like structure of the precipitation-temperature scaling, especially for the convective precipitation in the southern regions. Extreme precipitation reaches their peak values at the temperature range between 15 °C and 20 °C. At higher temperatures, the negative scaling prevails. Analyzed data show a pronounced decrease in relative humidity with increasing surface temperatures beyond the 15 °C–20 °C threshold. This indicates that moisture availability is the major factor for the peak-shaped relationship between extreme precipitation and temperature revealed by our analysis.
All-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, major cardiovascular events and hypoglycaemia of patients with diabetes onset at an older age: results from the 10-year nationwide cohort study
Authors: Chou Ming-Yueh , Huang Shih-Tsung , Liang Chih-Kuang , Peng Li-Ning , Lin Yu-Te , Hsiao Fei-Yuan , Chen Liang-Kung
Published: August 2021

Background

Longitudinal adverse outcomes are unclear among adults with diabetes according to the age of onset.

Objective

To investigate the longitudinal diabetes-related outcomes in adults with new-onset diabetes stratified by age.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database claims data from 2000 to 2015.

Subjects

In total, 115,751 participants aged ≥40 years with new-onset diabetes in 2003 were recruited and stratified by the ages 40–64 (64.3%), 65–74 (21.2%), 75–84 (11.8%) and ≥85 years (2.7%) at the time of diagnosis.

Methods

Time-varying multivariate Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for covariates was used to examine the associations between the ages of the patients at diabetes onset and the outcomes of interest [all-cause mortality, cardiovascular (CV) mortality, major cardiovascular events (MACE) and hypoglycaemia] during a 10-year follow-up period.

Results

The results showed that compared with those patients aged 40–64 at diagnosis, patients with older-onset diabetes had significantly higher comorbidities (P < 0.01) and a higher diabetes severity (P < 0.01). Patients with older-onset diabetes had a higher risk of all-cause mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.28, 4.48 and 10.07 in 65–74, 75–84 and ≥85 years old, respectively], CV mortality (aHR = 2.82, 6.06 and 15.91), MACE (aHR = 2.19, 3.01 and 4.15) and hypoglycaemia (aHR = 2.41, 3.59 and 4.62) than patients aged 40–64 during a 10-year follow-up period.

Conclusions

Patients with diabetes onset at an older age was associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality, CV mortality, MACE and hypoglycaemia after adjusting for the severity of diabetes and anti-diabetic treatment.
A realist evaluation of loneliness interventions for older people
Authors: Day Alice , Phelps Kay , Maltby John , Palmer Emma , Snell Keith , Raine Derek , Conroy Simon
Published: August 2021

Introduction

the aim of this study was to develop a programme theory to inform the design of loneliness interventions and guide any future evaluations.

Methods

we undertook a mixed-method evaluation, informed by the realist approach, of different approaches to loneliness in one health and social care system in the East Midlands, UK. We used a combination of documentary analysis, interviews/focus groups with service providers and users and quantitative analysis to develop an initial programme theory.

Results

common aims of local interventions included enhancing social connectivity, providing emotional support and advice/information; recurring interventions included social activities, emotional support, advice and information, lunch clubs, learning new skills and practical support. None were robustly evaluated.

Fifty-six service user or providers were involved in interviews or focus groups, which highlighted the causes of loneliness, preferred services, access to services, thoughts about intervention configuration and desired outcomes from services.

The themes emerging from the interviews/focus groups from both service provider and service user perspectives were combined with all of the previous emerging data to create an overarching programme theory. Statements were constructed to allow service providers to think about which interventions might be useful to achieve specific outcomes in different contexts.

Conclusion

the causes and consequences of loneliness vary widely between individuals, so a personalised approach is required to identify the causes and potential solutions. This study provides some high-level principles that can help commissioners and providers to tailor interventions to the individual needs of service users.
The Retail Outlet Health Kiosk Hypertension Trial (ROKHYT): Pilot Results
Authors: Shea Steven , Thompson John L P , Schwartz Joseph E , Chen Yineng , de Ferrante Morgan , Vanderbeek Alyssa M , Buchsbaum Richard , Vargas Celibell , Siddiqui Khan M , Moran Andrew E , Stockwell Melissa
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

Blood pressure (BP) control was only 43.7% in the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) survey in 2017–2018. Scalable, nonclinic-based strategies to control BP are needed. We therefore conducted a pilot trial of a text-messaging intervention in a national network of retail outlet health kiosks with BP devices. All study procedures were conducted remotely.

METHODS

Eligible individuals (N = 140), based on average BP greater than or equal to 140/90 mm Hg at kiosks during the prior year, were randomized to intervention vs. usual care. Intervention consisted of tailored text messages providing educational information with embedded links to educational videos on topics related to BP control. BP measurements were obtained at kiosks at 3, 6, and 12 months following randomization; control was defined as BP < 140/90 mm Hg. Follow-up at 12 months was curtailed due to SARS-CoV-2. We therefore combined 12-month (N = 62) or carried forward 6-month (N = 61) data as the primary end point.

RESULTS

Participants were 51.4% male, 70.7% white/Caucasian, had mean age of 52.1 years, and mean baseline BP 145.5/91.8 mm Hg. At the end point, 37.7% intervention vs. 27.4% usual care subjects achieved BP control (difference, 10.3%, 95% confidence interval -6.2%, 26.8%). In an intention-to-treat analysis with multiple imputation of missing data, 12-month BP control was 29.0% vs. 19.8% favoring intervention (difference, 9.2%. 95% confidence interval -7.3%, 25.7%); intervention vs. control differences in adjusted mean BP levels were systolic BP: -5.4 mm Hg (95% confidence interval: -13.5, 2.7) and diastolic BP: +0.6 mm Hg (95% confidence interval: -4.2, 5.4).

CONCLUSIONS

These pilot results support the potential for a highly scalable text-messaging intervention to improve BP.

CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION

Trial Number NCT03515681.