bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre-service teachers’ development of digital resource design capacity
Authors: Trgalová Jana , Tabach Michal
Published: March 2024

In the current digital age, (mathematics) teachers are provided with a profusion of digital resources. Consequently, research in mathematics education has focused on teachers’ interactions with resources as the heart of their professional activity. The term Pedagogical Design Capacity (PDC) was introduced to designate teacher’s ability to perceive affordances of resources and to make decisions about how to use them efficiently. PDC has been further conceptualized to define teacher design capacity (TDC) as including a goal or points of reference for the design, a set of design principles, and reflection-in-action. This definition is illustrated with case studies involving teachers’ design of digital resources, yet it does not seem to consider the specificities of the latter. We therefore aim to further refine the concept of TDC by considering crucial components that designing technology-based tasks and their enactment in the classroom entail. We ask: What are the unique components of TDC specific to digital technology and resources? We elaborate a framework to suggest dimensions and components of mathematics teacher Digital Resource Design Capacity (DRDC) to emphasize the focus on design of digital resources. This framework is built on previous studies and on the concept of instrumental orchestration, and is refined taking into account findings from two case studies in France and Israel.
Multidisciplinary approach for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): 2023 expert consensus of the Spanish Lung Cancer Group GECP
Authors: Ospina Aylen Vanessa , Bolufer Nadal Sergio , Campo-Cañaveral de la Cruz José Luis , González Larriba Jose Luis , Macía Vidueira Ivan , Massutí Sureda Bartomeu , Nadal Ernest , Trancho Florentino Hernando , Álvarez Kindelán Antonio , Del Barco Morillo Edel , Bernabé Caro Reyes , Bosch Barrera Joaquim , Calvo de Juan Virginia , Casal Rubio Joaquin , de Castro Javier , Cilleruelo Ramos Ángel , Cobo Dols Manuel , Dómine Gómez Manuel , Figueroa Almánzar Santiago , Garcia Campelo Rosario , Insa Mollá Amelia , Jarabo Sarceda José Ramón , Jiménez Maestre Unai , López Castro Rafael , Majem Margarita , Martinez-Marti Alex , Martínez Téllez Elisabeth , Sánchez Lorente David , Provencio Mariano
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Recent advances in the treatment of locally advanced NSCLC have led to changes in the standard of care for this disease. For the selection of the best approach strategy for each patient, it is necessary the homogenization of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, as well as the promotion of the evaluation of patients by a multidisciplinary oncology team.

Objective

Development of an expert consensus document with suggestions for the approach and treatment of locally advanced NSCLC leaded by Spanish Lung Cancer Group GECP.

Methods

Between March and July 2023, a panel of 28 experts was formed. Using a mixed technique (Delphi/nominal group) under the guidance of a coordinating group, consensus was reached in 4 phases: 1. Literature review and definition of discussion topics 2. First round of voting 3. Communicating the results and second round of voting 4. Definition of conclusions in nominal group meeting. Responses were consolidated using medians and interquartile ranges. The threshold for agreement was defined as 85% of the votes.

Results

New and controversial situations regarding the diagnosis and management of locally advanced NSCLC were analyzed and reconciled based on evidence and clinical experience. Discussion issues included: molecular diagnosis and biomarkers, radiologic and surgical diagnosis, mediastinal staging, role of the multidisciplinary thoracic committee, neoadjuvant treatment indications, evaluation of response to neoadjuvant treatment, postoperative evaluation, and follow-up.

Conclusions

Consensus clinical suggestions were generated on the most relevant scenarios such as diagnosis, staging and treatment of locally advanced lung cancer, which will serve to support decision-making in daily practice.
15 years Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology (LBI HO): achievements and future perspectives
Authors: Valent Peter , Hadzijusufovic Emir , Sadovnik Irina , Grunt Thomas W. , Peter Barbara , Willmann Michael , Herrmann Harald , Ivanov Daniel , Eisenwort Gregor , Karlic Heidrun , Greiner Georg , Gleixner Karoline V. , Rülicke Thomas , Dahlhoff Maik , Staber Philipp , Sperr Wolfgang R. , Pfeilstöcker Michael , Lion Thomas , Keil Felix , Hoermann Gregor
Published: March 2024

Cancer stem cells, also known as leukemic stem cells (LSC) in the context of leukemias, are an emerging topic in translational oncology and hematology. The Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology (LBI HO) was established in 2008 with the aim to translate LSC concepts into clinical practice. Major specific aims of the LBI HO are to identify LSC in various blood cell disorders and to improve anti-leukemic therapies by establishing LSC-targeting and LSC-eradicating approaches with the ultimate aim to translate these concepts into clinical practice. In addition, the LBI HO identified a number of diagnostic and prognostic LSC markers in various blood cell malignancies. Members of the LBI HO have also developed precision medicine tools and personalized medicine approaches around LSC in applied hematology. As a result, diagnosis, prognostication and therapy have improved in the past 10 years. Major disease models are myeloid leukemias and mast cell neoplasms. Finally, the LBI HO consortium launched several projects in the field of open innovation in science where patient-derived initiatives and their input supported the scientific community. Key aims for the future of the LBI HO are to develop LSC-related concepts and strategies further, with the long-term vision to cure more patients with hematologic malignancies.
Taxonomy and nomenclature in the widespread and well-known sea anemone Metridium de Blainville, 1824
Authors: Daly Marymegan , Glon Heather , Li Yang
Published: March 2024

Metridium senile (Linneaus, 1761) is simultaneously one of the most familiar sea anemones in temperate shallow water and a species embroiled in taxonomic and nomenclatural confusion. Their large body size, characteristic ruff of tentacles, and ability to thrive on artificial and natural substrates make these animals conspicuous and common on rocky ledges, pilings, wharfs, shipwrecks, and bivalve reefs. Their reported range encompasses all temperate habitats in the northern hemisphere plus a handful of locales in the temperate southern hemisphere that have typically been characterized as anthropogenic introductions. Understanding the range of M. senile has been confounded by confusion about its circumscription relative to its congeners and inconsistency in the names used. Here, we summarize the taxonomy of the genus and clarify the status of M. senile. Based on results of recent phylogenetic studies, we consider Metridium to have two valid species: M. farcimen (Brandt, 1835) and M. senile. We recognize M. senile as the valid, appropriate name for all populations of Metridium in the Atlantic and for some of the populations in the Pacific. We consider M. dianthus (Ellis, 1767), M. exile Hand 1955, M. huanghaiense Pei, 1998, and M. sinensis Pei, 1998 to be junior synonyms of M. senile. We clarify the differences between M. senile and M. farcimen, and comment on the status of M. canum Stuckey, 1914.
$${\mathcal {L}}{}_{1}$$ adaptive fault-tolerant control of stratospheric airships
Authors: Souanef Toufik , Whidborne James , Liu Shi Qian
Published: March 2024

As the utilization of stratospheric airships becomes more prevalent, ensuring their safe operation becomes crucial. This paper explores the ability of an$${\mathcal {L}}_{1}$$L1adaptive controller to maintain fault tolerance in the actuators of a stratospheric airship.$${\mathcal {L}}_{1}$$L1adaptive control offers fast adaptation while separating adaptation and robustness. This makes the approach a suitable candidate for fault-tolerant control. The performance of the proposed design is compared to the Linear Quadratic Integral and Adaptive Sliding Mode Backstepping controllers. Simulation results show that the robustness of the airship model against faults is improved with the use of the$${\mathcal {L}}{}_{1}$$L1adaptive controller.
A Five-Year Study on Infestation and Abundance of Bat Flies (Hippoboscoidea: Streblidae) Under Severe Dry Season Conditions in the Tropical Dry Forest of Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Montes de Oca-Aguilar Ana Celia , Ibarra-López Martha Pilar , Ibarra-Cerdeña Carlos N.
Published: March 2024

In Mexico, few studies have explored how environmental conditions in tropical dry forests (TDF) influence bat fly load even though, according to climate change scenarios, this ecosystem will experience a drier and warmer climate. Such an extension of the dry season in these ecosystems could have dramatic consequences for biodiversity, particularly in regions with plains where animals do not have elevational climate shifts. The present study therefore evaluates the effect of prevailing environmental conditions during 2015–2019, as well as host body conditions, on the infestation and abundance of bat-specific ectoparasites and the composition and bat fly load in the dry season of a TDF in Yucatan. Since Yucatan has an essentially flat and low-lying topography, organisms cannot escape from the predicted extreme conditions with elevational shifts. This region is therefore an excellent location for assessment of the potential effects of warming. We collected 270 bat flies from 12 species. Three streblid species (Nycterophilia parnelli Wenzel, Trichobius johnsonae Wenzel, and Trichobius sparsus Kessel) are new records for Yucatan. Our overview of the dry season bat ectoparasite loads reveals low values of richness and prevalence, but high aggregation. Our models detected significant differences in ectoparasite infestation and abundance over the years, but the environmental and body host condition variables were unrelated to these. We report that pregnant females are parasitized to a greater extent by bat flies during the dry season, which generally represents the season of most significant nutritional stress.
Reduced Desensitization Formulation for Optimal Control Problems
Authors: Jawaharlal Ayyanathan Praveen , Taheri Ehsan
Published: March 2024

Solutions to nonlinear optimal control problems (OCPs) exhibit dispersions under model uncertainties and it is desirable to generate optimal solutions that exhibit less sensitivity to model uncertainties. We propose a novel solution desensitization method dubbed “Reduced Desensitization Formulation (RDF)” by leveraging non-uniqueness of the solution of the costate differential equations when a hybrid indirect-direct optimization method is used. A key property of the RDF method is a significant reduction in the number of differential equations needed for generating desensitized solutions. This feature facilitates the generation of open-loop desensitized trajectories and makes the methodology applicable to OCPs with a larger number of uncertain parameters. To demonstrate the utility of the RDF method, three important classes of trajectory optimization problems are considered with uncertainty in the thrust magnitude of the propulsion system: (1) minimum-fuel low-thrust interplanetary rendezvous maneuvers, (2) low-thrust orbit-raising maneuvers, and (3) minimum-fuel high-thrust rocket-landing problems. For the considered problems with bang-bang control profiles, an analysis is presented on the change in the number of control switches between sensitive and desensitized optimal solutions. Numerical results demonstrate desensitization of the considered performance indices with respect to the thrust magnitude of the propulsion system.
Spacecraft Formation Keeping and Reconfiguration Using Optimal Visual Servoing
Authors: Pomares Jorge , Felicetti Leonard , García Gabriel J. , Ramón José L.
Published: March 2024

This paper proposes a direct visual servoing system for spacecraft guidance in formation flying scenarios. The proposed image-based visual servoing system uses image information for planning and executing formation acquisition, reconfiguration, and maintenance maneuvers. The system assumes that LEDs are located at specific points on the satellites, enabling the visual servoing controller to rely on continuous tracking of these features in the camera’s image plane. Analytical developments demonstrate that the proposed optimal visual control system is stable and optimal, and it acts on both the orbital and attitude dynamics of the spacecraft, considering circular and elliptical reference orbits. The distributed image-based controller defines a cost function that minimizes control efforts, and the paper proses an optimal framework for developing controllers that address the issue. A ROS-based simulation tool was used to test the proposed visual servoing controller in a realistic small-sat formation flying scenario. Results indicate that the proposed distributed control strategy is viable and robust against environmental perturbations and disturbances in sensing and actuation.
Uniform Symbolic Topologies and Hypersurfaces
Authors: Huneke Craig , Katz Daniel
Published: March 2024

We study the question of which rings, and which families of ideals, have uniform symbolic topologies. In particular, we show that the uniform symbolic topology property holds for all dimension one primes in any normal complete local domain, provided dimension one primes in hypersurfaces have the uniform symbolic topology property. We also discuss bootstrapping techniques and provide a strong bootstrapping statement in positive characteristic. We apply these techniques to give families of primes in hypersurfaces of positive characteristic which have uniform symbolic topologies.
Disaggregating Asian-American Mortality in Drug-Related Overdoses and Behavioral Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zhu David T. , Zhong Anthony , Ho Winnie J. , Tamang Suzanne
Published: March 2024

Asian Americans have been historically underrepresented in the national drug overdose discourse due to their lower substance use and overdose rates compared to other racial/ethnic groups. However, aggregated analyses fail to capture the vast diversity among Asian-American subgroups, obscuring critical disparities. We conducted a cross-sectional study between 2018 and 2021 examining Asian-American individuals within the CDC WONDER database with drug overdoses as the underlying cause of death (n = 3195; ICD-10 codes X40–X44, X60–X64, X85, and Y10–Y14) or psychoactive substance–related mental and behavioral disorders as one of multiple causes of death (n = 15,513; ICD-10 codes F10–F19). Proportional mortality ratios were calculated, comparing disaggregated Asian-American subgroups to the reference group (Asian Americans as a single aggregate group). Z-tests identified significant differences between subgroups. Compared to the reference group (0.99%), drug overdose deaths were less prevalent among Japanese (0.46%; p < 0.001), Chinese (0.47%; p < 0.001), and Filipino (0.82%; p < 0.001) subgroups, contrasting with a higher prevalence among Asian Indian (1.20%; p < 0.001), Vietnamese (1.35%; p < 0.001), Korean (1.36%; p < 0.001), and other Asian (1.79%; p < 0.001) subgroups. Similarly, compared to the reference group (4.80%), deaths from mental and behavioral disorders were less prevalent among Chinese (3.18%; p < 0.001), Filipino (4.52%; p < 0.001), and Asian Indian (4.56%; p < 0.001) subgroups, while more prevalent among Korean (5.60%; p < 0.001), Vietnamese (5.64%; p < 0.001), Japanese (5.81%; p < 0.001), and other Asian (6.14%; p < 0.001) subgroups. Disaggregated data also revealed substantial geographical variations in these deaths obscured by aggregated analyses. Our findings revealed pronounced intra-racial disparities, underscoring the importance of data disaggregation to inform targeted clinical and public health interventions.
Comparison of blood volume biofeedback hemodialysis and conventional hemodialysis on cardiovascular stability and blood pressure control in hemodialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Mambelli Emanuele , Grandi Fabio , Santoro Antonio
Published: March 2024

Background

Despite the improvements in hemodialysis (HD) technology, 20–30% of sessions are still complicated by hypotension or hypotension-related symptoms. Biofeedback systems have proven to reduce the occurrence of such events, but no conclusive findings can lead to wider adoption of these systems. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials to establish whether the use of blood volume tracking systems compared to conventional hemodialysis (C-HD) reduces the occurrence of intradialytic hypotension.

Methods

The PRISMA guidelines were used to carry out this systematic review. Randomized clinical trials that evaluated the incidence of intradialytic hypotension during C-HD and blood volume tracking-HD were searched in the current literature. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023426328.

Results

Ninety-seven randomized clinical trials were retrieved. Nine studies, including 347 participants and 13,274 HD treatments were considered eligible for this systematic review. The results showed that the use of biofeedback systems reduces the risk of intradialytic hypotension (log odds ratio = 0.63, p = 0.03) in hypotension-prone patients (log odds ratio = 0.54, p = 0.04). When analysis was limited to fluid overloaded or hypertensive patients, it did not show the same effect (log odds ratio = 0.79, p = 0.38). No correlation was found in systolic blood pressure drop during dialysis and in post-dialysis blood pressure.

Conclusions

The use of blood volume tracking systems may be effective in reducing the incidence of intradialytic hypotension and allowing for easier attainment of the patients’ ideal dry body weight. New studies to examine the long-term effects of the use of blood volume tracking systems on real hard endpoints are needed.

Graphical abstract
Implementing trauma-informed care practices in the workplace: a descriptive phenomenological study
Authors: Greer Jesse A.
Published: March 2024

The effects of trauma are becoming more prevalent in the clinical setting, which has helped generate conversations about being more trauma-informed and providing trauma-informed care services. The principles centered around trauma-informed care could be applied to a person’s everyday life, including the work setting with the goal of creating a more trauma-informed environment for all employees. This qualitative descriptive phenomenological study aimed to investigate what trauma-informed care principles are needed in the workplace from the employee perspective to create a more trauma-informed environment. The survey instrument used in this study was a modified version of Fallot and Harris’s (2011) consumer satisfaction survey in their published article Creating Cultures of Trauma-Informed Care: A Self-Assessment and Planning Protocol. The instrument contained 13 questions, with each core question having an optional secondary question requesting additional details about the participants’ responses. The tool was categorized into four sections: safety, trustworthiness, choice and collaboration, and empowerment. Ninety participants accessed the survey through SurveyMonkey Audience, but four did not meet the criteria to participate and exited the study. The researcher was left with 86 completed surveys. The qualitative analytical tool Quirkos was employed to help analyze the data and generate themes. The category that produced the most themes was empowerment. Employees want to be viewed as a person rather than a resource to get the job done. Likewise, participants wanted to be valued and have their voices heard. To push this conversation forward, future researchers should conduct interviews face-to-face to produce more in-depth findings.
Warplane 04
Authors: Braas Nico
Published: March 2024

One of the lesser-known fighter aircraft of World War II was the Brewster Buffalo, or, using the U.S. Navy designation system, the F2A. By some historians the Buffalo is regarded as an outright failure, but this is a rating this stubby little fighter did not deserve.

This book presents an overview of the development and operational use of the Buffalo with many photos including a number not published before.
English Electric Canberra
Authors: Gladwin Mick
Published: March 2024

From 1949 to 2006 the English Electric Canberra has served in the frontline of the Royal Air Force around the world. The Canberra became the UK's first jet bomber, although that was not its only role, undertaking other tasks such as, pilot/navigator training, photographic reconnaissance, target-tag and electronic countermeasures duties to name a few.

The story of the Canberra came to a close for the RAF on the 22nd June 2006 when the last remaining Canberra PR.9s retiring from service life after returning from operational duties. The author had the honour to serve with them in their twilight days of their careers.
Interplay of combat deployment harassment, testosterone concentrations and post-deployment suicide risk in male veterans
Authors: Sher Leo , Bierer Linda M. , Flory Janine , Makotkine Iouri , Yehuda Rachel
Published: March 2024

Objective:

Many combat veterans exhibit suicidal ideation and behaviour, but the relationships among experiences occurring during combat deployment and suicidality are still not fully understood. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that harassment during a combat deployment is associated with post-deployment suicidality and testosterone function.

Methods:

Male combat veterans who made post-deployment suicide attempts and demographically matched veterans without a history of suicide attempts were enrolled in the study. Demographic and clinical parameters of study participants were assessed and recorded. Study participants were interviewed by a trained clinician using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory (DRRI) – Relationships within unit scale, the Scale for Suicidal Ideation (SSI), and the Brown–Goodwin Aggression Scale. Free testosterone levels were assessed in morning blood samples.

Results:

DRRI harassment scores were higher and free testosterone levels were lower among suicide attempters in comparison with non-attempters. In the whole sample, DRRI harassment scores positively correlated with SSI scores and negatively correlated with free testosterone levels. Free testosterone levels negatively correlated with SSI scores. Aggression scale scores positively correlated with DRRI harassment scores among non-attempters but not among attempters.

Conclusion:

Our observations that harassment scores are associated with suicidality and testosterone levels, and suicidality is associated with testosterone levels may indicate that there is a link between deployment harassment, testosterone function and suicidality.
Inverse dynamics analysis of a 6-RR-RP-RR parallel manipulator with offset universal joints
Authors: Huang Huze , Han Hasiaoqier , Li Dawei , Xu Zhenbang , Wu Qingwen
Published: March 2024

This paper presents an algorithm for solving the inverse dynamics of a parallel manipulator (PM) with offset universal joints (RR–joints) via the Newton–Euler method. The PM with RR–joints increase the joint stiffness and enlarge the workspace but introduces additional joint parameters and constraint torques, rendering the dynamics more complex. Unlike existing studies on PMs with RR–joints, which emphasize the kinematics and joint performance, this paper studies the dynamical model. First, an iterative algorithm is established through a rigid body velocity transformation, which calculates the input parameters of the link velocity and acceleration. A linear system of equations in matrix form is then established for the entire PM through the Newton–Euler method. By using the generalized minimal residual method (GMRES) to solve the equation system, all the forces and torques on the joints can be obtained, from which the required actuation force can be derived. This method is validated through numerical simulations using the automatic dynamic analysis of multibody systems software. The proposed method is suitable for establishing the dynamic model of complex PMs with redundant or hybrid structures.
The Reflection Principle and the Ex-Ante Pareto Principle in Anna Mahtani’s Objects of Credence
Authors: Bovens Luc
Published: March 2024

First, Mahtani argues that both in the game The Mug and in the Sleeping Beauty we should not defer to a trusted person under a particular designation if they do not self-identify under this designation. This invites a more complex Reflection Principle. I respond that there are more parsimonious ways to avoid the challenges posed to the Reflection Principle. Second, Mahtani argues that preferences create a hyperintensional context, which poses a challenge to the Ex-Ante Pareto Principle that can be averted by supervaluation. I respond that such an appeal to supervaluation would block randomization as a fair allocation device.
Epistemic Violence and Colonial Legacies in the Representation of Refugee Women: Contesting Narratives of Vulnerability and Victimhood
Authors: Benslama-Dabdoub Malak
Published: March 2024

The traditional drafting and subsequent implementation of international refugee law have been criticised for relying on a male-centric understanding of persecution. Whilst this framework has recently shifted to include a more gender-sensitive interpretation, I argue that this introduction of gender within refugee status determination has traditionally relied on narratives infused with gendered and racialised stereotypes. In particular, it relies on a ‘white saviour’ colonial narrative that perceives refugee women as vulnerable victims in need of saving. Drawing on a decolonial and critical epistemological analysis that includes both a race and gender dimension, I unpack the epistemic violence and hidden colonial legacies in the representation of refugee women in case-law. Ultimately, this article concludes with a call for reframing the legal narrative around refugee women by approaching them as political actors rather than oppressed and vulnerable subjects.
Global‐Scale Evaluation of Coastal Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement in a Fully Coupled Earth System Model
Authors: Palmiéri Julien , Yool Andrew
Published: March 2024

The Paris Agreement plans for “net‐zero” carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions during the second half of the 21st century. However, reducing emissions from some sectors is challenging, and “net‐zero” permits carbon dioxide removal (CDR) activities. One CDR scheme is ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE), which proposes dissolving basic minerals into seawater to increase its buffering capacity for CO2. While modeling studies have often investigated OAE at basin or global scale, some proposals focus on readily accessible coastal shelves, with TA added through the dissolution of seafloor olivine sands. Critically, by settling and dissolving sands on shallow seafloors, this retains the added TA in near‐surface waters in direct contact with atmospheric CO2. To investigate this, we add dissolved TA at a rate of ∼29 Teq y−1 to the global shelves (<100m) of an Earth system model (UKESM1) running a high emissions scenario. As UKESM1 is fully coupled, wider effects of OAE‐mediated increase in ocean CO2 uptake –e.g. atmospheric xCO2, air temperature and marine pH– are fully quantified. Applying OAE from 2020 to 2100 decreases atmospheric xCO2 ∼10 ppm, and increases air‐to‐sea CO2 uptake ∼8%. In‐line with other studies, CO2 uptake per unit of TA added occurs at a rate of ∼0.8 mol C (mol TA)−1. Significantly for monitoring, advection of added TA results in ∼50% of CO2 uptake occurring remotely from OAE operations, and the model also exhibits noticeable land carbon reservoir changes. While practical uncertainties and model representation caveats remain, this analysis estimates the effectiveness of this specific OAE scheme to assist with net‐zero planning.
A Unifying Model for Turbulent Hyporheic Mass Flux Under a Wide Range of Near‐Bed Hydrodynamic Conditions
Authors: Chen Chieh‐Ying , Fytanidis Dimitrios K. , Garcia Marcelo H.
Published: March 2024

Existing models for estimating hyporheic solute mass flux often require numerous parameters related to flow, bed, and channel characteristics, which are frequently unavailable. We performed a meta‐analysis on existing data set, enhanced with high Reynolds number cases from a validated Computational Fluid Dynamics model, to identify key parameters influencing effective diffusivity at the sediment water interface. We applied multiple linear regression to generate empirical models for predicting eddy diffusivity. To simplify this, we developed two single‐parameter models using either a roughness or permeability‐based Reynolds number. These models were validated against existing models and literature data. The model using roughness Reynolds number is easy to use and can provide an estimate of the mass transfer coefficient for solutes like dissolved oxygen, particularly in scenarios where detailed bed characteristics such as permeability might not be readily available.
The Generation of 150 km Echoes Through Nonlinear Wave Mode Coupling
Authors: Longley William J.
Published: March 2024

A fundamental problem in plasma turbulence is understanding how energy cascades across multiple scales. In this paper, a new weak turbulence theory is developed to explain how energy can be transferred from Langmuir and Upper‐Hybrid waves to ion‐acoustic waves. A kinetic approach is used where the Boltzmann equation is Fourier‐Laplace transformed, and the nonlinear term is retained. A unique feature of this approach is the ability to calculate power spectra at low frequencies, for any wavelength or magnetic aspect angle. The results of this theory explain how the predominant type of 150‐km radar echoes are generated in the ionosphere. First, peaks in the suprathermal electron velocity distribution drive a bump‐on‐tail like instability that excites the Upper‐Hybrid mode. This excited wave then couples nonlinearly to the ion‐acoustic mode, generating the ∼10 dB enhancement observed by radars. This theory also explains why higher frequency radars like ALTAIR do not observe these echoes.
Mars as a Driver of Deep-Sea Erosion
Authors: van Deelen Grace
Published: March 2024

An analysis of breaks in deep-sea sediment links the geological record to a 2.4-million-year cycle that heats Earth and ventilates our oceans.
Manila Confronts Its Plastic Problem
Authors: Sidder Aaron
Published: March 2024

The Philippine capital is the latest city to address rampant plastic pollution through a community-guided protocol.
Proteomics for optimizing therapy in acute myeloid leukemia: venetoclax plus hypomethylating agents versus conventional chemotherapy
Authors: de Camargo Magalhães Eduardo Sabino , Hubner Stefan Edward , Brown Brandon Douglas , Qiu Yihua , Kornblau Steven Mitchell
Published: March 2024

The use of Hypomethylating agents combined with Venetoclax (VH) for the treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) has greatly improved outcomes in recent years. However not all patients benefit from the VH regimen and a way to rationally select between VH and Conventional Chemotherapy (CC) for individual AML patients is needed. Here, we developed a proteomic-based triaging strategy using Reverse-phase Protein Arrays (RPPA) to optimize therapy selection. We evaluated the expression of 411 proteins in 810 newly diagnosed adult AML patients, identifying 109 prognostic proteins, that divided into five patient expression profiles, which are useful for optimizing therapy selection. Furthermore, using machine learning algorithms, we determined a set of 14 proteins, among those 109, that were able to accurately recommend therapy, making it feasible for clinical application. Next, we identified a group of patients who did not benefit from either VH or CC and proposed target-based approaches to improve outcomes. Finally, we calculated that the clinical use of our proteomic strategy would have led to a change in therapy for 30% of patients, resulting in a 43% improvement in OS, resulting in around 2600 more cures from AML per year in the United States.
Automated mood disorder symptoms monitoring from multivariate time-series sensory data: getting the full picture beyond a single number
Authors: Corponi Filippo , Li Bryan M. , Anmella Gerard , Mas Ariadna , Pacchiarotti Isabella , Valentí Marc , Grande Iria , Benabarre Antoni , Garriga Marina , Vieta Eduard , Lawrie Stephen M. , Whalley Heather C. , Hidalgo-Mazzei Diego , Vergari Antonio
Published: March 2024

Mood disorders (MDs) are among the leading causes of disease burden worldwide. Limited specialized care availability remains a major bottleneck thus hindering pre-emptive interventions. MDs manifest with changes in mood, sleep, and motor activity, observable in ecological physiological recordings thanks to recent advances in wearable technology. Therefore, near-continuous and passive collection of physiological data from wearables in daily life, analyzable with machine learning (ML), could mitigate this problem, bringing MDs monitoring outside the clinician’s office. Previous works predict a single label, either the disease state or a psychometric scale total score. However, clinical practice suggests that the same label may underlie different symptom profiles, requiring specific treatments. Here we bridge this gap by proposing a new task: inferring all items in HDRS and YMRS, the two most widely used standardized scales for assessing MDs symptoms, using physiological data from wearables. To that end, we develop a deep learning pipeline to score the symptoms of a large cohort of MD patients and show that agreement between predictions and assessments by an expert clinician is clinically significant (quadratic Cohen’s κ and macro-average F1 score both of 0.609). While doing so, we investigate several solutions to the ML challenges associated with this task, including multi-task learning, class imbalance, ordinal target variables, and subject-invariant representations. Lastly, we illustrate the importance of testing on out-of-distribution samples.
Outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma refractory to standard dose vs low dose lenalidomide
Authors: Goel Utkarsh , Charalampous Charalampos , Kapoor Prashant , Binder Moritz , Buadi Francis K. , Dingli David , Dispenzieri Angela , Fonder Amie , Gertz Morie A. , Gonsalves Wilson I. , Hayman Suzanne R. , Hobbs Miriam A. , Hwa Yi L. , Kourelis Taxiarchis , Lacy Martha Q. , Leung Nelson , Lin Yi , Warsame Rahma M. , Kyle Robert A. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Kumar Shaji K.
Published: March 2024

Refractoriness to lenalidomide is an important factor determining the choice of therapy at first relapse in multiple myeloma (MM). It remains debatable if resistance to lenalidomide varies among MM refractory to standard doses vs low dose maintenance doses. In this study, we assessed the outcomes with subsequent therapies in patients with MM refractory to standard dose vs low dose lenalidomide. We retrospectively reviewed all patients with MM at our institution who received first line therapy with lenalidomide containing regimens, and assessed progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival for these patients for second line therapy, and with lenalidomide retreatment. For second line therapy, we found no difference in the PFS between standard dose refractory and low dose refractory groups (median PFS 14 months vs 14 months, p = 0.95), while the PFS for both these groups was inferior to the not refractory group (median PFS 30 months, p < 0.001 for both pairs). Similar trends were seen among these groups on lenalidomide retreatment, and on multivariable analysis. These data suggest that refractoriness to lenalidomide is not dose dependent, and definition of lenalidomide refractoriness should not depend on the dose of lenalidomide to which the disease was considered refractory.
DIP-MS: ultra-deep interaction proteomics for the deconvolution of protein complexes
Authors: Frommelt Fabian , Fossati Andrea , Uliana Federico , Wendt Fabian , Xue Peng , Heusel Moritz , Wollscheid Bernd , Aebersold Ruedi , Ciuffa Rodolfo , Gstaiger Matthias
Published: March 2024

Most proteins are organized in macromolecular assemblies, which represent key functional units regulating and catalyzing most cellular processes. Affinity purification of the protein of interest combined with liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (AP–MS) represents the method of choice to identify interacting proteins. The composition of complex isoforms concurrently present in the AP sample can, however, not be resolved from a single AP–MS experiment but requires computational inference from multiple time- and resource-intensive reciprocal AP–MS experiments. Here we introduce deep interactome profiling by mass spectrometry (DIP-MS), which combines AP with blue-native-PAGE separation, data-independent acquisition with mass spectrometry and deep-learning-based signal processing to resolve complex isoforms sharing the same bait protein in a single experiment. We applied DIP-MS to probe the organization of the human prefoldin family of complexes, resolving distinct prefoldin holo- and subcomplex variants, complex–complex interactions and complex isoforms with new subunits that were experimentally validated. Our results demonstrate that DIP-MS can reveal proteome modularity at unprecedented depth and resolution.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of socio-cognitive impairments in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Roheger Mandy , Grothe Lydia , Hasselberg Laura , Grothe Matthias , Meinzer Marcus
Published: March 2024

Socio-cognitive impairment is frequent in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, little is known about the relationship between other potentially relevant clinical symptoms (i.e., cognition, depression, fatigue) and the degree of socio-cognitive impairment, and neural mechanisms underlying socio-cognitive deficits in MS. Therefore, we meta-analytically quantified socio-cognitive impairment in MS. A systematic literature search in MEDLINE Ovid, Web of Science Core Collection, CENTRAL, and PsycInfo was conducted until December 2022. Studies investigating affective or cognitive theory of mind (a/cToM), visual perspective taking (VPT) and social decision making (SDM) in MS patients relative to healthy controls were included. Risk-of-bias (RoB) was assessed using the CLARITY group “Tool for Assessing RoB in Cohort Studies”. Mediation analysis investigated the contribution of clinical symptoms to socio-cognitive impairment. In total, n = 8534 studies were screened, 58 were included in the systematic review, 27 in the meta-analyses. Most studies were rated with a moderate RoB. Meta-analyses confirmed impairment of both aToM and cToM in MS patients, with larger effect sizes for aToM. Mediation analysis demonstrated that higher levels of fatigue selectively predicted the degree of cToM impairment. There was insufficient data available to quantify impairment in other socio-cognitive domains. Fourteen structural and functional imaging studies were identified and characterized by substantial heterogeneity. Summarized, this study confirmed substantial socio-cognitive impairment in MS and highlights the potential exacerbating role of comorbid clinical symptoms. We identify several evidence gaps that need to be addressed in future large-scale studies using comprehensive and coordinated assessments of socio-cognitive parameters, potential mediators, and neural correlates.

Trial registration: The pre-registered review protocol can be assessed at www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ (ID: CRD42020206225).
Psilocybin enhances insightfulness in meditation: a perspective on the global topology of brain imaging during meditation
Authors: Singer Berit , Meling Daniel , Hirsch-Hoffmann Matthias , Michels Lars , Kometer Michael , Smigielski Lukasz , Dornbierer Dario , Seifritz Erich , Vollenweider Franz X. , Scheidegger Milan
Published: March 2024

In this study, for the first time, we explored a dataset of functional magnetic resonance images collected during focused attention and open monitoring meditation before and after a five-day psilocybin-assisted meditation retreat using a recently established approach, based on the Mapper algorithm from topological data analysis. After generating subject-specific maps for two groups (psilocybin vs. placebo, 18 subjects/group) of experienced meditators, organizational principles were uncovered using graph topological tools, including the optimal transport (OT) distance, a geometrically rich measure of similarity between brain activity patterns. This revealed characteristics of the topology (i.e. shape) in space (i.e. abstract space of voxels) and time dimension of whole-brain activity patterns during different styles of meditation and psilocybin-induced alterations. Most interestingly, we found that (psilocybin-induced) positive derealization, which fosters insightfulness specifically when accompanied by enhanced open-monitoring meditation, was linked to the OT distance between open-monitoring and resting state. Our findings suggest that enhanced meta-awareness through meditation practice in experienced meditators combined with potential psilocybin-induced positive alterations in perception mediate insightfulness. Together, these findings provide a novel perspective on meditation and psychedelics that may reveal potential novel brain markers for positive synergistic effects between mindfulness practices and psilocybin.
Risk and prosocial behavioural cues elicit human-like response patterns from AI chatbots
Authors: Zhao Yukun , Huang Zhen , Seligman Martin , Peng Kaiping
Published: March 2024

Emotions, long deemed a distinctly human characteristic, guide a repertoire of behaviors, e.g., promoting risk-aversion under negative emotional states or generosity under positive ones. The question of whether Artificial Intelligence (AI) can possess emotions remains elusive, chiefly due to the absence of an operationalized consensus on what constitutes 'emotion' within AI. Adopting a pragmatic approach, this study investigated the response patterns of AI chatbots—specifically, large language models (LLMs)—to various emotional primes. We engaged AI chatbots as one would human participants, presenting scenarios designed to elicit positive, negative, or neutral emotional states. Multiple accounts of OpenAI's ChatGPT Plus were then tasked with responding to inquiries concerning investment decisions and prosocial behaviors. Our analysis revealed that ChatGPT-4 bots, when primed with positive, negative, or neutral emotions, exhibited distinct response patterns in both risk-taking and prosocial decisions, a phenomenon less evident in the ChatGPT-3.5 iterations. This observation suggests an enhanced capacity for modulating responses based on emotional cues in more advanced LLMs. While these findings do not suggest the presence of emotions in AI, they underline the feasibility of swaying AI responses by leveraging emotional indicators.
Estimating the size of populations at risk for malaria: a case study in cattle herders and agricultural workers in Northern Namibia
Authors: Rerolle Francois , Jacobson Jerry O. , Smith Gueye Cara , Bennett Adam , Carrillo Sidney , Ntuku Henry , Smith Jennifer L.
Published: March 2024

Cattle herders and agricultural workers have been identified has key high-risk populations for malaria in northern Namibia. Population size estimates for these groups are lacking but are important for planning, monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of targeted strategies towards malaria elimination in the region. In this analysis, we extend population size estimation methods routinely used in HIV research, specifically social mapping and multiple source capture-recapture, to the context of malaria to estimate how many cattle herders and agricultural workers lived in two regions of northern Namibia over the course of the 2019–2020 malaria season. Both methods estimated two to three times more agricultural workers than cattle herders but size estimates based on the multiple source capture-recapture method were two to three times greater than the mapping-based, highlighting important methodological considerations to apply such methods to these highly mobile populations. In particular, we compared open versus closed populations assumptions for the capture-recapture method and assessed the impact of sensitivity analyses on the procedure to link records across multiple data sources on population size estimates. Our results are important for national control programs to target their resources and consider integrating routine population size estimation of high risk populations in their surveillance activities.
One-step sputtering of MoSSe metastable phase as thin film and predicted thermodynamic stability by computational methods
Authors: López-Galán Oscar A. , Boll Torben , Nogan John , Chassaing Delphine , Welle Alexander , Heilmaier Martin , Ramos Manuel
Published: March 2024

We present the fabrication of a MoS2−xSex thin film from a co-sputtering process using MoS2 and MoSe2 commercial targets with 99.9% purity. The sputtering of the MoS2 and MoSe2 was carried out using a straight and low-cost magnetron radio frequency sputtering recipe to achieve a MoS2−xSex phase with x = 1 and sharp interface formation as confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy. The sulfur and selenium atoms prefer to distribute randomly at the octahedral geometry of molybdenum inside the MoS2−xSex thin film, indicated by a blue shift in the A1g and E1g vibrational modes at 355 cm−1 and 255 cm−1, respectively. This work is complemented by computing the thermodynamic stability of a MoS2−xSex phase whereby density functional theory up to a maximum selenium concentration of 33.33 at.% in both a Janus-like and random distribution. Although the Janus-like and the random structures are in the same metastable state, the Janus-like structure is hindered by an energy barrier below selenium concentrations of 8 at.%. This research highlights the potential of transition metal dichalcogenides in mixed phases and the need for further exploration employing low-energy, large-scale methods to improve the materials’ fabrication and target latent applications of such structures.
Scale-free bursting activity in shrinkage induced cracking
Authors: Szatmári Roland , Nakahara Akio , Kitsunezaki So , Kun Ferenc
Published: March 2024

Based on computer simulations of a realistic discrete element model we demonstrate that shrinkage induced cracking of thin layers of heterogeneous materials, generating spectacular crack patterns, proceeds in bursts. These crackling pulses are characterized by scale free distributions of size and duration, however, with non-universal exponents depending on the system size and shrinking rate. On the contrary, local avalanches composed of micro-cracking events with temporal and spatial correlation are found to obey a universal power law statistics. Most notably, we demonstrate that the observed non-universality of the integrated signal is the consequence of the temporal superposition of the underlying local avalanches, which pop up in an uncorrelated way in homogeneous systems. Our results provide an explanation of recent acoustic emission measurements on drying induced shrinkage cracking and may have relevance for the acoustic monitoring of the electro-mechanical degradation of battery electrodes.