bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technology-assisted white cane: evaluation and future directions
Authors: Khan Izaz , Khusro Shah , Ullah Irfan
Published: December 2018

Background

Several technology-assisted aids are available to help blind and visually impaired people perform their daily activities. The current research uses the state-of-the-art technology to enhance the utility of traditional navigational aids to produce solutions that are more reliable. In this regard, a white cane is no exception, which is supplemented with the existing technologies to design Electronic Travel Aids (ETAs), Electronic Orientation Aids (EOAs), and Position Locator Devices (PLDs). Although several review articles uncover the strengths and limitations of research contributions that extend traditional navigational aids, we find no review article that covers research contributions on a technology-assisted white cane. The authors attempt to fill this literature gap by reviewing the most relevant research articles published during 2010–2017 with the common objective of enhancing the utility of white cane with the existing technology.

Methods

The authors have collected the relevant literature published during 2010–17 by searching and browsing all the major digital libraries and publishers’ websites. The inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied to select the research articles that are relevant to the topic of this review article, and all other irrelevant papers were excluded. Among the 577 (534 through database searching and 43 through other sources) initially screened papers, the authors collected 228 full-text articles, which after applying exclusion/inclusion criteria resulted in 36 papers that were included in the evaluation, comparison, and discussion. This also includes research articles of commercially available aids published before the specified range.

Results

The findings show that the research trend is shifting towards developing a technology-assisted white cane solution that is applicable in both indoor and outdoor environments to aid blind users in navigation. In this regard, exploiting smartphones to develop low-cost and user-friendly navigation solution is among the best research opportunities to explore. In addition, the authors contribute a theoretical evaluation framework to compare and evaluate the state-of-the-art solutions, identify research trends and future directions.

Discussion

Researchers have been in the quest to find out ways of enhancing the utility of white cane using existing technology. However, for a more reliable enhancement, the design should have user-centric characteristics. It should be portable, reliable, trust-worthy, lightweight, less costly, less power hungry, and require minimal training with special emphasis on its ergonomics and social acceptance. Smartphones, which are the ubiquitous and general-purpose portable devices, should be considered to exploit its capabilities in making technology-assisted white cane smarter and reliable.
Screening of prognostic biomarkers for endometrial carcinoma based on a ceRNA network
Authors: Zheng Ming-Jun , Gou Rui , Zhang Wen-Chao , Nie Xin , Wang Jing , Gao Ling-Ling , Liu Juan-Juan , Li Xiao , Lin Bei
Published: December 2018

Objective

This study aims to reveal the regulation network of lncRNAs-miRNAs-mRNA in endometrial carcinoma (EC), to investigate the underlying mechanisms of EC occurrence and progression, to screen prognostic biomarkers.

Methods

RNA-seq and miRNA-seq data of endometrial carcinoma were downloaded from the TCGA database. Edge.R package was used to screen differentially expressed genes. A database was searched to determine differentially expressed lncRNA-miRNA and miRNA-mRNA pairs, to construct the topological network of ceRNA, and to elucidate the key RNAs that are for a prognosis of survival.

Results

We screened out 2632 mRNAs, 1178 lncRNAs and 189 miRNAs that were differentially expressed. The constructed ceRNA network included 97 lncRNAs, 20 miRNAs and 73 mRNAs. Analyzing network genes for associations with prognosies revealed 169 prognosis-associated RNAs, including 92 lncRNAs, 16miRNAs and 61 mRNAs.

Conclusion

Our results reveal new potential mechanisms underlying the carcinogenesis and progression of endometrial carcinoma.
Variación y adaptabilidad: los tratamientos en la comunicación por SMS en español bonaerense
Authors:   Universidad Nacional del Sur (Argentina), Cantamutto Lucía
Published: December 2018

El artículo analiza un corpus de SMS pertenecientes a la variedad del español bonaerense, poniendo el foco de atención en las fórmulas de tratamiento, a la luz de las categorías descriptas como un estilo económico que está “marcado por la acumulación de recursos expresivos” (Vela Delfa, 2005: 670) y que trata de no ser ambiguo (Cantamutto, 2014). La hipótesis principal sostiene que en las elecciones lingüísticas realizadas por los hablantes para la construcción discursiva de las interacciones por SMS, operan recursos y estrategias propios de la comunicación escrita mediada por teléfono móvil además de cuestiones identitarias vinculadas a la edad y género. Como se evidencia en los resultados de investigaciones previas sobre el corpus SMS-CEBo (Cantamutto, 2012-2016), las formas nominales y los pronombres personales, innecesarios para la construcción sintáctica, aparecen de manera expresa, debido a que permiten construir la fuerza ilocutiva del mensaje así como favorecer la personalización y focalización del destinatario, funcionando como elementos afiliativos en la interacción y que canalizan la cortesía. En la comunicación por SMS, la ausencia de fórmulas nominales de tratamiento causa respuestas no preferidas.
Produção de Patentes no Estado do Ceará: um estudo comparativo entre as instituições públicas de ensino superior científicas e tecnológicas
Authors: Araujo Geovane Gomes de , Moreira Etelvina Maria Marques , Araujo Lidiane Oliveira , Carvalho Joelia Marques de
Published: December 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a produção de patentes nas instituições públicas cearenses de pesquisa, ciência e tecnologia, no período de 2009 a 2017. Foram analisadas as seguintes instituições: Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Universidade Federal do Cariri (UFCA), Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (UNILAB), Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú (UVA) e Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará (IFCE). Esta pesquisa foi realizada através da exploração de dados bibliográficos e de um estudo patentométrico considerando que as patentes são fontes importantes para a informação sobre o desenvolvimento industrial. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o número de pedidos de patentes depositados pelas instituições pesquisadas revelouuma evolução considerável, no período investigado. Houve ainda um avanço no número de depósitos de patentes no campo das universidades públicas cearenses, embora tenha-se muito a evoluir nesse aspecto.
Indicação Geográfica para as Uvas Finas de Mesa de Marialva no Noroeste Paranaense
Authors: Perdomo Weliton Monteiro , Sartori Rejane , Camargo Pedro Fonseca
Published: December 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é expor acerca do processo de qualificação da Indicação Geográfica (IG) de Marialva para produção de uvas finas de mesa. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa e exploratória, pautada em pesquisa documental e de campo, empregando-se entrevista não estruturada. Os resultados evidenciaram que o município de Marialva obteve o registro de IG a partir de uma iniciativa do Sebrae Paraná Regional Noroeste e contou com a atuação de diversos outros atores, como produtores rurais, universidades e demais entidades. Trata-se de um processo complexo, pois o fato de a uva ser produzida na região não garante o uso do selo distintivo, já que deve ser atestada por profissionais, certificando que constitui peculiaridade quanto à produção. Ademais, ressalta-se a necessidade de estratégias de comunicação a serem utilizadas pelos municípios que possuem o reconhecimento da IG, o que poderá propiciar maior renda para o produtor e movimentar positivamente a economia local.
Análise de Tecnologias Desenvolvidas para o Controle do Mosquito Aedes aegypti nos Últimos 10 Anos
Authors: Freitas Nalu Gusmão Teixeira de , Soares Doris Monteiro Ribeiro , Juiz Paulo José Lima
Published: December 2018

O presente trabalho buscou avaliar o comportamento dos depósitos de patentes relacionados ao controle do mosquito Aedes aegypti nos últimos dez anos. Uma prospecção dos pedidos de patentes foi feita no software Orbit, considerando patentes depositadas em todo o mundo. O escopo da pesquisa incluiu também patentes aplicadas a outros mosquitos semelhantes e seus respectivos estágios larvais. Foi visto que 35,46% de todos os depósitos foram enquadrados no domínio tecnológico de química básica, embora as patentes relacionadas à biotecnologia tenham predominado nos últimos anos do intervalo de tempo pesquisado. Estados Unidos, China e Japão figuraram como os principais detentores de tecnologia e exportadores de conhecimento através do depósito das mesmas patentes em outros países. O que se concluiu é que essa é uma boa área para investimentos, visto que os efeitos das arboviroses hoje são sentidos muito além das áreas endêmicas devido à adaptabilidade do mosquito.
Prospecção Tecnológica da Utilização de Catalisadores Carbonáceos Ácidos na Produção de Biocombustíveis
Authors: Oliveira Lincoln Pinheiro , Lima Larisse Araújo , Fernandes Thiago Lara , Tenório Luiza Xavier da Silva , Py-Daniel Sarah Sampaio , Evaristo Rafael Benjamin Werneburg , Ghesti Grace Ferreira , Silva Marcio Lima da
Published: December 2018

O presente trabalho apresenta uma prospecção tecnológica sobre a utilização de catalisadores sólidos ácidos carbonáceos por meio de tratamento termoquímico do alcatrão (oriundo da gaseificação de biomassa) para obtenção de biocombustível líquido. A metodologia de pesquisa realizou buscas em bases de patentes e artigos, entre 2006 e 2017, a fim de observar o estado da arte. Observou-se que grande parte dos autores/inventores possuem origem chinesa (86%), com cerca de 30% do domínio dessa tecnologia. Pode-se observar um crescimento do número de artigos, o que demonstra que a tecnologia ainda não está pronta para ser transferida ao mercado produtivo, uma vez que necessita de investimentos relacionados ao para aumentar o nível de maturidade tecnológica a fim de promover o desenvolvimento tecnológico, uma vez que a pesquisa engloba 3 setores produtivos distintos.
A Inovação nas Empresas Metalomecânicas: um foco sobre a ambiência inovadora
Authors: Caires Ricardo Tomaz , Azevedo Renan Araújo de , Sartori Rejane
Published: December 2018

Sabe-se que inovar é um diferencial competitivo para qualquer organização. Porém, existem empresas que mesmo conhecendo as exigências do cenário atual, deixam de criar um ambiente favorável à inovação. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo foi analisar a mensuração da inovação por meio do Radar da Inovação e observar o comportamento da dimensão Ambiência Inovadora. Para tanto, a partir de referenciais teóricos sobre inovação e ambiência inovadora, foi utilizada a metodologia de coleta de dados do Programa Agentes Locais de Inovação do Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas, por meio do diagnóstico Radar da Inovação, tendo sido abordadas 20 empresas do setor metalomecânico da cidade de Maringá no Paraná. Percebe-se um avanço nas médias dos resultados entre os diagnósticos aplicados, com uma tendência favorável para algumas dimensões, o que é evidenciado com as respostas obtidas nos questionários e nas observações diretas.
Transferência de Tecnologia como Estratégia de Transição das Pesquisas Universitárias para o Mercado - Indústria Cimenteira
Authors: Silva Alysson Ferreira da , Andrade Lenise Souza Cardoso de , Silva Sthefania Fernandes , Abreu Carlos Alexandre Camargo de
Published: December 2018

A regulamentação do Novo Marco Legal de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, através do Decreto nº 9.283/2018, incentiva a inovação e o desenvolvimento visando a um ambiente mais favorável à pesquisa. Frente a esse quadro, o presente artigo propõe a Transferência de Tecnologia como estratégia de transição das pesquisas universitárias para o mercado. Particularmente, a investigação é centrada nas pesquisas que estão na área da indústria cimenteira. A análise baseia-se em pesquisa exploratória qualitativa, fundamentada pelo caso de sucesso da universidade de Harvard. Procedendo do conceito “Hélice Tríplice”, debate-se o efeito de leis de incentivo à inovação na relação público-privada. O estudo dos dados destaca que políticas públicas relacionadas à inovação aproximam a parceria público-privada, o que resulta no aumento dos indicadores de Transferências de Tecnologia e possivelmente a elege como estratégia de transição adequada.
Disruption of Iqsec1 in mice leads to embryonic lethality with reduced large apical vacuoles in the visceral endoderm
Authors: Sakagami Hiroyuki , Shiroshima Tomoko , Nemoto Noriko , Niimura Tomoko , Sugawara Takeyuki , Hara Yoshinobu , Saito Koji , Okubo Tadashi , Fukaya Masahiro
Published: November 2024

Iqsec1 (IQ motif and Sec7 domain‐containing protein 1), also known as BRAG2 (Brefeldin A‐resistant Arf‐GEF 2), is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that regulates membrane trafficking, cytoskeletal organization, and signal transduction by activating class II and III ADP‐ribosylation factors. To investigate the physiological role of Iqsec1 at the whole animal level, we generated Iqsec1‐deficient mice using CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated gene editing. Nearly all Iqsec1−/− mice (99%) exhibited embryonic lethality with severe growth retardation. Electron microscopy revealed that Iqsec1−/− embryos at embryonic day 8.5 lacked large apical vacuoles in visceral endoderm cells of the yolk sac, compared with controls. These findings suggest that Iqsec1 plays a critical role in embryogenesis, likely through regulation of membrane trafficking in visceral endoderm cells.
Enhanced Magnetocaloric and Mechanical Properties of Novel Mn–Ni–Cu and Mn–Ni–Ga Alloys for Near‐Room Temperature Applications
Authors: Tiwari Nishant , Mishra Subhendu , Srivastava Ashutosh , Sarkar Suman , Chaudhary Varun , Paliwal Manas , Singh Abhishek K. , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar
Published: November 2024

Solid‐state cooling relies on the caloric properties of materials like magnetocaloric, elastocaloric, and barocaloric, which respond to external applied fields such as magnetic fields, mechanical stress, and pressure. These caloric effects are crucial for improving energy efficiency and promoting sustainable practices. Ni–Mn–X (X = Ga, In, Sn, Sb)‐based Heusler alloys have garnered significant attention due to their giant magnetocaloric effects. However, despite their potential, practical application of Heusler alloys is hindered by poor mechanical properties of Heusler alloys. In this study, two promising compositions within the Mn–Ni–Cu and Mn–Ni–Ga ternary alloys are selected based on thermodynamic calculations. These alloys exhibited notable magnetocaloric effects near room temperature with minimal thermal hysteresis. The optimal entropy change calculated at applied magnetic field of 1 Tesla, is found to be 4.48 J kg−1 K−1, reported for the first time in the Mn–Ni–Cu ternary alloy. In addition, mechanical behavior of investigated alloys is studied extensively. This approach aims to suppress the p‐d orbital hybridization, which is associated with poor mechanical properties, by replacing Ga with Cu. First‐principle calculations are also performed to validate the experimental findings of the structural, magnetic properties, and mechanical behavior of the investigated Mn–Ni–Cu and Mn–Ni–Ga alloys.
Enhanced and Sustainable Indoor Carbon Dioxide Monitoring by Using Ambient Light to Power Advanced Biological Sensors
Authors: Elhadad Anwar , Gao Yang , Choi Seokheun
Published: November 2024

Enhancing carbon dioxide (CO2) detection is crucial for improving indoor air quality and environmental surveillance. Traditional CO2 sensors face drawbacks like high costs, large sizes, environmental impact, and reliance on external power, limiting their practicality for continuous indoor monitoring. In this research, an innovative indoor CO2‐sensing system using a self‐powered bio‐solar cell (BSC) platform is introduced. Utilizing cyanobacteria as a sensitive biocatalyst and sustainable power source, the system offers a cost‐effective, eco‐friendly, and maintenance‐free alternative to conventional sensors. It operates by monitoring electron‐transfer processes in cyanobacteria during photosynthesis, converting CO2 and water into oxygen and chemical energy, enabling accurate CO2 level monitoring. The system responds to CO2 fluctuations and issues alerts when levels are outside the recommended range of 500–1000 ppm for human health and productivity. A self‐sustaining configuration of eight BSCs—one for sensing and others for power generation—ensures continuous operation without external power. An integrated energy‐harvesting board efficiently manages power distribution to a microcontroller and display system for real‐time data visualization, with the array producing up to 400 μW. Additionally, a machine‐learning model interprets BSC outputs to accurately quantify CO2 levels, enhancing the sensor's adaptive performance.
Enhanced Second‐Harmonic Generation in Quadratically Nonlinear Weyl Semimetal NbAs for Broadband Photodetection Applications
Authors: Li Xin , Bian Yu , Xia Cong , Zhao Bojin , Ma Shihui , Wang Jiajia , Qiu Hailong , Liu Hongjun , Liu Ming , Yu Hongwei , Ye Ning , Hu Zhanggui , Wu Yicheng
Published: November 2024

Quadratically nonlinear photodetectors (QNPDs) typically focus on 2D materials with high second‐order nonlinear polarizability, thereby severely disregarding bulk nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals as these rely on phase‐matching technology and achieving efficient bulk QNPDs remains a significant challenge. Weyl semimetal crystals have some signatures of inversion symmetry breaking, most notably second‐order NLO polarizability, while the inability to balance the low transmittance limits frequency conversion of the zero‐band gap absorption‐induced crystal. Herein, this study investigates an efficient QNPD based on bulk NbAs crystals designed with a strong second‐harmonic effect due to its large refractive index (≈5.0), resulting in an intense laser reflectivity of 50% on its surface, which creates a favorable environment for achieving second‐harmonic generation (SHG) without phase matching. The QNPD has a rectification ratio exceeding 107 with a dark current of 164 pA and an enhanced photoresponse in the 355‒1900 nm range, exhibiting a maximum responsivity of 4.1 mA W−1 with a detectivity of 0.8 × 1010 Jones at 355 nm. The responsivity improvement rate is 88% higher than that of linear NbAs (001) photodetector. This study opens new avenues for designing QNPDs by utilizing the second harmonic effect in bulk Weyl semimetal crystals.
Low‐Intensity Ultrasound‐Activated Cavitation Effect Triggers Piezoelectric Catalysis Coordinating Respiratory Chain Interference Tactics Against Bacterial Infection
Authors: Chen Yanbai , Wan Xufeng , Yue Yan , He Shuai , Cao Jian , He Wenxuan , Toctocan Tai Tailee , Wang Duan , Zhou Zongke , Deng Yi
Published: November 2024

Piezocatalytic therapy has aroused considerable attention in the treatment of bacterial infection due to its noninvasive and deep tissue penetration capabilities. The catalytic efficiency, however, is significantly constrained by the insufficient piezoresponse of sonosensitizers at low‐intensity ultrasound (LIU) accompanied poor separation efficiency of charges, resulting in unsatisfactory sterilization. To address the dilemma, a piezocatalytic bio‐heterojunction (P‐bioHJ) consisting of BiOI and few‐layered Mxene is constructed for rapid antibacterial. The engineered P‐bioHJ not merely possesses a relatively narrow‐bandgap for responding to the sonoluminescence emitted by the sonocavitation effect, but rather induces the interfacial polarization and the generation of oxygen vacancies to facilitate the effective separation of carriers, leading to a burst of radicals for rapid sterilization. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that P‐bioHJ instigates sterilization by interfering with bacterial electron transport chain, disrupting both metabolism and energy synthesis. In vitro experiments indicate excellent cytocompatibility of P‐bioHJ. Furthermore, in vivo assays demonstrate that P‐bioHJ exhibits outstanding antimicrobial properties in a cutaneous infection model with LIU, and promotes angiogenesis and osteogenesis in an infectious bone defect model by decorating with naringin. As envisaged, this work offers valuable insight to augment piezocatalytic therapy by harnessing sonocavitation effect, advancing the remediation of infected tissue regeneration.
Hydrogel‐Forming Microneedles and Applications in Interstitial Fluid Diagnostic Devices
Authors: Aroche Angélica F. , Nissan Hannah E. , Daniele Michael A.
Published: November 2024

Hydrogel‐forming microneedles are constructed from or coated with polymeric, hydrophilic materials that swell upon insertion into the skin. Designed to dissolve or disintegrate postinsertion, these microneedles can deliver drugs, vaccines, or other therapeutics. Recent advancements have broadened their application scope to include the collection, transport, and extraction of dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) for medical diagnostics. This review presents a brief introduction to the characteristics of dermal ISF, methods for extraction and sampling, and critical assessment of the state‐of‐the‐art in hydrogel‐forming microneedles for ISF diagnostics. Key factors are evaluated including material composition, swelling behavior, biocompatibility, and mechanical strength necessary for effective microneedle performance and ISF collection. The review also discusses successful examples of dermal ISF assays and microneedle sensor integrations, highlighting notable achievements, identifying research opportunities, and addressing challenges with potential solutions. Despite the predominance of synthetic hydrogels in reported hydrogel‐forming microneedle technologies due to their favorable swelling and gelation properties, there is a significant variety of biopolymers and composites reported in the literature. The field lacks consensus on the optimal material, composition, or fabrication methods, though emerging evidence suggests that processing and fabrication techniques are critical to the performance and utility of hydrogel‐forming microneedles for ISF diagnostics.
Next‐Gen Poly(ε‐Caprolactone) Scaffolds: Non‐Destructive In Vivo Monitoring and Accelerated Biodegradation
Authors: Kolouchova Kristyna , Thijssen Quinten , Groborz Ondrej , Van Damme Lana , Humajova Jana , Matous Petr , Quaak Astrid , Dusa Martin , Kucka Jan , Sefc Ludek , Hruby Martin , Van Vlierberghe Sandra
Published: November 2024

Poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (PCL) is a biocompatible, biodegradable, and highly mechanically resilient FDA‐approved material (for specific biomedical applications, e.g. as drug delivery devices, in sutures, or as an adhesion barrier), rendering it a promising candidate to serve bone tissue engineering. However, in vivo monitoring of PCL‐based implants, as well as biodegradable implants in general, and their degradation profiles pose a significant challenge, hindering further development in the tissue engineering field and subsequent clinical adoption. To address this, photo‐cross‐linkable mechanically resilient PCL networks are developed and functionalized with a radiopaque monomer, 5‐acrylamido‐2,4,6‐triiodoisophthalic acid (AATIPA), to enable non‐destructive in vivo monitoring of PCL‐based implants. The covalent incorporation of AATIPA into the crosslinked PCL networks does not significantly affect their crosslinking kinetics, mechanical properties, or thermal properties, but it increases their hydrolysis rate and radiopacity. Complex and porous 3D designs of radiopaque PCL networks can be effectively monitored in vivo. This work paves the way toward non‐invasive monitoring of in vivo degradation profiles and early detection of potential implant malfunctions.
In Situ Sprayed Hydrogel Delivers Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Human Endometrial Organoids for Uterine Function Preservation and Fertility Restoration
Authors: Qin Xunsi , Hu Kai‐Lun , Li Qi , Sun Yuze , Peng Tianliu , Liu Xiyao , Li Jizhou , Nan Wenhui , Yu Yang , Qi Xiangbing , Li Rong
Published: November 2024

Impaired endometrial function and reduced receptivity remain significant causes of female infertility. Here, a sprayable hydrogel combined with human endometrial organoid extracellular vesicles (HEO‐EVs) is developed to enhance uterine function preservation and fertility restoration. The peptide amphiphile hydrogel (labeled CPA) is engineered by conjugating a collagen‐binding peptide with glutathione to impart its biocompatible adhesive and antioxidant properties. The therapeutic EVs are isolated and purified from human endometrial organoids that have been stably passaged long‐term using a bioreactor‐culture system. The resulting HEO‐EVs‐loaded CPA (CPA@HEO‐EVs) rapid gelation, triggered by salt‐ion interactions, occurs when the fluid is sprayed onto the uterine lining. The ex vivo studies demonstrate that CPA@HEO‐EVs promote cell proliferation, scavenges free radicals, and increases tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In vivo experiments further validate that in situ spraying with the CPA@HEO‐EVs can promote neovascularization, prevent localized endometrial fibrosis, and effectively enhance fertility in a mouse model of endometrial injury. These findings highlight the promising clinical application of in situ sprayed CPA@HEO‐EVs hydrogel for targeted endometrial therapy.
An Ultra‐Miniaturized Fiber Humidity Sensor Based on Near‐Parallel Ion Pathways Induced Efficient Water−Electricity Conversion
Authors: Zhang Qixiang , Ren Ziqi , Jia Peixue , Shi Junjie , Yin Jianyu , Lei Dandan , Gao Yihua , Liu Nishuang
Published: November 2024

Humidity sensors are vital for ambient monitoring, but existing sensors focus on moisture absorption, overlooking the indispensable role of ion channels in the water‐electricity conversion process. Here, an ultra‐miniaturized fiber humidity (MFH) sensor based on near‐parallel ion pathways is presented. The well‐designed nanochannels significantly facilitate ion transport due to the stable charge distribution and the confined ions migration within near‐parallel nanostructure, which improves the water‐electricity conversion efficiency of moisture‐sensitive fibers. Optimized nanochannels enable the MFH sensor to improve the response/recovery speed by ≈5 times compared to the disordered nanochannels. Additionally, the MFH sensor can be woven for ultra‐miniaturization (0.50 mm2), which is much smaller than current sensors. Therefore, the integrated MFH sensor array demonstrated exceptionally high spatial resolution (sensor density of 1 mm−1), highlighting its potential in flexible wearables. This work provides new optimization strategies and assembly means for designing the high‐performance humidity sensors of the next generation.
Fire‐Safe Aerogels and Foams for Thermal Insulation: From Materials to Properties
Authors: Feng Jiabing , Ma Zhewen , Wu Jianpeng , Zhou Zhezhe , Liu Zheng , Hou Boyou , Zheng Wei , Huo Siqi , Pan Ye‐Tang , Hong Min , Gao Qiang , Sun Ziqi , Wang Hao , Song Pingan
Published: November 2024

The ambition of human beings to create a comfortable environment for work and life in a sustainable way has triggered a great need for advanced thermal insulation materials in past decades. Aerogels and foams present great prospects as thermal insulators owing to their low density, good thermal insulation, mechanical robustness, and even high fire resistance. These merits make them suitable for many real‐world applications, such as energy‐saving building materials, thermally protective materials in aircrafts and battery, and warming fabrics. Despite great advances, to date there remains a lack of a comprehensive yet critical review on the thermal insulation materials. Herein, recent progresses in fire‐safe thermal‐insulating aerogels and foams are summarized, and pros/cons of three major categories of aerogels/foams (inorganic, organic and their hybrids) are discussed. Finally, key challenges associated with existing aerogels are discussed and some future opportunities are proposed. This review is expected to expedite the development of advanced aerogels and foams as fire‐safe thermally insulating materials, and to help create a sustainable, safe, and energy‐efficient society.
4H‐SiC Metalens: Mitigating Thermal Drift Effect in High‐Power Laser Irradiation
Authors: Chen Boqu , Sun Xiaoyu , Li Xiaoxuan , Cai Lu , Zhao Ding , Du Kaikai , Pan Meiyan , Qiu Min
Published: November 2024

Enhancing energy density and efficiency in laser processing hinges on precise beam focusing, yet this often causes severe heat absorption and focus shifts in optical lenses. Traditional cooling methods increase cost and complexity, severely limiting versatility. Here, monolithic silicon carbide (SiC) metalens is introduced, which shows unparalleled thermal stability, integrated with a high‐power laser. This metalens achieves diffraction‐limited focusing with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.5 and a focal length of 1 cm. Under a 1030 nm pulsed laser at 15 W for 1 h, it shows a minimal temperature rise of 3.2 °C and a tiny focal shift of 14 µm (0.1% relative), only 6% of the shift in conventional lenses. When used to cut a 4H‐SiC substrate with the same laser, the metalens exhibit only an 11.4% change in cutting depth after 1 h of operation, correlating with the focal shift results. The results unveil a groundbreaking class of compact SiC photonics devices nearly impervious to heat absorption, representing a monumental leap for high‐power laser systems and opening new horizons for their applications and efficiency.
Breaking the Mutual‐Constraint of Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysis via Direct O─O Coupling on High‐Valence Ir Single‐Atom on MnOx
Authors: Yang Ziyi , Lai Fayuan , Mao Qianjiang , Liu Chong , Peng Shengjie , Liu Xiangfeng , Zhang Tianran
Published: November 2024

Insufficient bifunctional activity of electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the major obstruction to the application of rechargeable metal–air batteries. The primary reason is the mutual constraint of ORR and OER mechanism, involving the same oxygen‐containing intermediates and demonstrating the scaling limitations of the adsorption energies. Herein, it is reported a high‐valence Ir single atom anchored on manganese oxide (IrSA‐MnOx) bifunctional catalyst showing independent pathways for ORR and OER, i.e., associated 4e− pathway on high‐valence Ir site for ORR and a novel chemical‐activated concerted mechanism for OER, where a distinct spontaneous chemical activation process triggers direct O─O coupling. The IrSA‐MnOx therefore delivers outstanding bifunctional activities with remarkably low potential difference (0.635 V) between OER potential at 10 mA cm−2 and ORR half‐wave potential in alkaline solution. This work breaks the scaling limitations and provides a new avenue to design efficient and multifunctional electrocatalysts.
Balanced Miscibility and Crystallinity by 2D Acceptors Enabled Halogen‐Free Solvent‐Processed Organic Solar Cells to Achieve 19.28% Efficiency
Authors: Lang Yongwen , Lai Hanjian , Fu Yuang , Ma Ruijie , Fong Patrick W. K. , Li Heng , Liu Kuan , Yang Xuechun , Lu Xinhui , Yang Tiangang , Li Gang , He Feng
Published: November 2024

Two highly crystalline 2D acceptors, ATIC‐C11 and ATIC‐BO, with acenaphthene‐expanded quinoxaline central cores, have been demonstrated with very different characteristics in ternary organic solar cells (OSCs). The difference in side chains induces their distinctive molecular packing mode and unique crystal structure, in which ATIC‐C11 displays a 3D structure with an elliptical framework, and ATIC‐BO gives a rectangular framework. Their high crystallinity contributes to organized molecular packing in ternary devices, thus low energetic disorder and suppressed energy loss. Through the analysis of morphology and carrier kinetics, it is found that ATIC‐BO's strong self‐aggregation and immiscibility induce large aggregates and severely impede charge transfer (CT) and dissociation. Conversely, ATIC‐C11's suitable crystallinity and compatibility positively regulate the crystalline kinetics during film formation, thus forming much‐ordered molecular packing and favorable phase separation size in blend films. As a result, ATIC‐C11‐based ternary devices achieve a high efficiency of 19.28% with potential in scalability and stability, which is the top‐ranking efficiency among nonhalogenated solvent‐processed OSCs. This work not only displays highly efficient and stable halogen‐free solvent‐processed organic photovoltaics (OPVs), but also offers a new thought for material design and selection rule on the third component in highly efficient ternary OSCs.
Hydrogen Bond‐Mediated Self‐Assembly of Carbon Dots Enabling Precise Tuning of Particle and Cluster Luminescence for Advanced Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Ji Chunyu , Zeng Fanhao , Xu Wenjun , Zhu Minjie , Yu Hongchun , Yang Han , Peng Zhili
Published: November 2024

The effective control over the self‐assembly process of carbon dots (CDs) and their cluster luminescence in the aggregated state is of paramount significance and challenge. This study, for the first time, systematically explores the photoluminescent behavior of CDs in their aggregated state, which is less understood compared to their discrete state. By investigating the effects of concentration and solvent environment, it's demonstrated that CDs could exhibit dual emission properties, shifting from blue particle emissions to red cluster emissions as they aggregate. The key to this tunable luminescence lies in hydrogen bonding, which drives the self‐assembly of CDs and modulates their photo physical properties. These findings reveal that through precise control of aggregation, CDs can be engineered for advanced optoelectronic applications, including tunable light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), secure information encryption, and fingerprint authentication. This report not only deepens the understanding of the underlying mechanisms governing CDs' cluster luminescence but also introduces a novel approach to exploiting their unique properties for technological innovation.
Balancing the Charge Separation and Surface Reaction Dynamics in Twin‐Interface Photocatalysts for Solar‐to‐Hydrogen Production
Authors: Dan Meng , Yu Shan , Lin Weihua , Abdellah Mohamed , Guo Zhen , Liu Zhao‐Qing , Pullerits Tõnu , Zheng Kaibo , Zhou Ying
Published: November 2024

Solar‐driven photocatalytic green hydrogen (H2) evolution reaction presents a promising route toward solar‐to‐chemical fuel conversion. However, its efficiency has been hindered by the desynchronization of fast photogenerated charge carriers and slow surface reaction kinetics. This work introduces a paradigm shift in photocatalyst design by focusing on the synchronization of charge transport and surface reactions through the use of twin structures as a unique platform. With CdS twin structure (CdS‐T) as a model, the role of twin boundaries in modulating surface reactions and facilitating charge migration is systematically investigated. Utilizing transient absorption (TA) and time‐resolved infrared (TRIR) spectroscopies, it is revealed that CdS‐T achieves charge separation on a picosecond timescale and, importantly, the surface reaction at the twin boundary with the involvement of holes also occurs within 100 ps to 3 ns. This synchronization of charge donation and surface regeneration significantly enhances the hydrogen evolution process. Accordingly, CdS‐T exhibits superior activity for visible light photocatalytic H2 production, withthe H2 production rate of 55.61 mmol h−1 g−1 and remarkable stability (>30 h), outperforming pristine CdS significantly. This study underscores the transformative potential of twin structures in photocatalysis, offering a new avenue to synchronize charge transport and surface reactions.
Advancing Human–Machine Interface (HMI) through Development of a Conductive‐Textile Based Capacitive Sensor
Authors: Tchantchane Rayane , Zhou Hao , Zhang Shen , Dunn Alexander , Sariyildiz Emre , Alici Gursel
Published: November 2024

Smart wearable sensors in human–machine interfaces (HMI) facilitate communication and interface between humans and robots, as well as among humans. Conventional wearables face significant limitations, including performance degradation under various deformations (e.g., strain and pressure), limited stretchability and flexibility, poor comfort, and breathability, complicating their integration into HMI applications. In response to these limitations, a smart, sewable, high‐precision HMI device based on a soft, textile‐based sensor with machine learning (ML)‐assisted data processing is proposed. The (Ag)‐based fabric electrode integrated into polymeric composite dielectric layer, exhibiting hysteresis error of (≤4%), a tensile strain sensitivity of gauge factor (GF) ≃ 1.03 at 100% elongation, a pressure sensitivity of ≈1.583 × 10−2 kPa−1 at pressures (<50 kPa) and excellent stability (>1000 cycles). To demonstrate its versatility in HMI, the textile‐based sensor is integrated into a glove for real‐time control of a commercially available prosthetic hand and a drone, as well as for sign language recognition, achieving 95.4% classification accuracy using the random forest (RF) classifier across 10 gestures. Beyond gesture recognition, the sensor measures a range of subtle physiological activities (>0.35 kPa), functioning as a force myograph, esophageal manometry, and in gait analysis, among other strain and pressure‐related applications, highlighting exceptional capabilities for advanced wearable systems.
The Chemistry of α‐Enolizable Alkynones: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Karnakova Sofia O. , Dvorko Marina Yu. , Shabalin Dmitrii A.
Published: November 2024

This comprehensive review summarizes the published literature data concerning the chemistry of α‐enolizable alkynones, also denoted aliphatic or C−H active alkynones, where an alkyl group is adjacent to the carbonyl function, from the first example in 1949 to the present day. Starting from a historical perspective, the reader will be introduced to the recent achievements and future challenges in this field. The review covers around 100 references.
Multifunctional Hydrogel Strategies for Myocardial Infarction: From Tissue Repair to Cardiac Regeneration
Authors: Lu Youze , Yang Shuqun , Yang Qiaoling , Huang Weiqiang
Published: November 2024

Myocardial infarction (MI) remains the leading cause of death in patients with cardiovascular disease worldwide, with therapeutic approaches predominantly relying on medication, medical device implantation, and organ transplantation, each constrained by inherent limitations. Injectable hydrogels have recently emerged as promising therapeutic tools, noted for their biocompatibility, injectability, and capacity to provide mechanical support crucial for myocardial tissue repair. This review aims to comprehensively explore the interaction between injectable hydrogels and myocardial repair post‐infarction. It encompasses recent advancements in various types of injectable hydrogels used in MI therapy, including those modulating microenvironments, conducting electricity, influencing immunomodulation, promoting angiogenesis, and improving ischemia‐reperfusion conditions. By synthesizing current research findings, this review facilitates interdisciplinary knowledge integration and the development of effective prognostic indicators for injectable materials.
RNA‐Binding Protein Hnrnpa1 Triggers Daughter Cardiomyocyte Formation by Promoting Cardiomyocyte Dedifferentiation and Cell Cycle Activity in a Post‐Transcriptional Manner
Authors: Li Chuling , Chen Yijin , Chen Qiqi , Huang Haoxiang , Hesse Michael , Zhou Yilin , Jin Ming , Liu Yu , Ruan Yifei , He Xiang , Wei Guoquan , Zheng Hao , Huang Senlin , Chen Guojun , Liao Wangjun , Liao Yulin , Chen Yanmei , Bin Jianping
Published: November 2024

Stimulating cardiomyocyte (CM) dedifferentiation and cell cycle activity (DACCA) is essential for triggering daughter CM formation. In addition to transcriptional processes, RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) are emerging as crucial post‐transcriptional players in regulating CM DACCA. However, whether post‐transcriptional regulation of CM DACCA by RBPs could effectively trigger daughter CM formation remains unknown. By performing integrated bioinformatic analysis of snRNA‐seq data from neonatal and adult hearts, this study identified Hnrnpa1 as a potential RBP regulating CM DACCA. Hnrnpa1 expression decreased significantly during postnatal heart development. With the use of α‐MHC‐H2B‐mCh/CAG‐eGFP‐anillin transgenic mice, Hnrnpa1 overexpression promoted CM DACCA, thereby triggering daughter CM formation and enhancing cardiac repair after myocardial infarction (MI). In contrast, CRISPR/Cas9 technology is used to generate CM‐specific Hnrnpa1 knockout mice. Hnrnpa1 knockout inhibited cardiac regeneration and worsened cardiac function in the neonatal MI model. Nanopore RNA sequencing, RIP assay, IP‐MS, MeRIP‐qPCR, PAR‐CLIP and luciferase reporter experiments showed that Hnrnpa1 induced Mettl3 post‐transcriptional splicing to inhibit m6A‐dependent Pbx1 and E2F1 degradation, thereby increasing Runx1, Ccne1, Cdk2 and Ccnb2 expression to promote CM DACCA. In conclusion, Hnrnpa1 triggered daughter CM formation by promoting CM DACCA in a post‐transcriptional manner, indicating that Hnrnpa1 might serve as a promising target in cardiac repair post‐MI.
Free Cholesterol‐Induced Liver Injury in Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Mechanisms and a Therapeutic Intervention Using Dihydrotanshinone I
Authors: Shou Jia‐Wen , Ma Juncai , Wang Xuchu , Li Xiao‐Xiao , Chen Shu‐Cheng , Kang Byung‐Ho , Shaw Pang‐Chui
Published: November 2024

Build‐up of free cholesterol (FC) substantially contributes to the development and severity of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we investigate the specific mechanism by which FC induces liver injury in NAFLD and propose a novel therapeutic approach using dihydrotanshinone I (DhT). Rather than cholesterol ester (CE), we observed elevated levels of total cholesterol, FC, and alanine transaminase (ALT) in NAFLD patients and high‐cholesterol diet‐induced NAFLD mice compared to those in healthy controls. The FC level demonstrated a positive correlation with the ALT level in both patients and mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that FC elevated reactive oxygen species level, impaired the function of lysosomes, and disrupted lipophagy process, consequently inducing cell apoptosis. We then found that DhT protected mice on an HCD diet, independent of gut microbiota. DhT functioned as a potent ligand for peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα), stimulating its transcriptional function and enhancing catalase expression to lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Notably, the protective effect of DhT was nullified in mice with hepatic PPARα knockdown. Thus, these findings are the first to report the detrimental role of FC in NAFLD, which could lead to the development of new treatment strategies for NAFLD by leveraging the therapeutic potential of DhT and PPARα pathway.
Colorimetric Thermography by a Long‐Infrared Dual‐Band Metalens
Authors: Luo Zhendong , Zhang Peng , Hou Huwang , Li Yiming , Li Binzhao , Yi Yanji , Xu Lianjie , Meng Ting , Geng Zihan , Chen Mu Ku , Zhao Yang
Published: November 2024

Infrared (IR) radiation thermography is extensively utilized in diverse fields due to its non‐contact capability. Nevertheless, its effectiveness is often compromised by the significant emissivity variations among different objects, limiting its application to specific setups or focused object types. Colorimetric thermography is introduced as an alternative emissivity‐independent method of radiation thermometry. This technique involves measuring radiance across two or more spectral bands and calculating the object's temperature based on the signal ratio, thereby mitigating emissivity effects under certain conditions. However, this method has the trade‐off of necessitating bulky optical systems, complex filter imaging configurations, and sensor structures. To meet the requirements of IR thermography for compact structure, lightweight design, and customizability, a dual‐band metalens is developed for the IR colorimetric thermography. The central wavelengths targeted are 9.5 and 12.5 µm. The dual‐band IR imaging by the fabricated dual‐band metalens is demonstrated, and the colorimetric thermography of low‐emissivity objects is performed without presetting emissivity values. This approach significantly eliminates measurement errors associated with emissivity by an average of 50.16% across a temperature range of 60–180 °C. This innovation paves the way for dynamic and multi‐target thermography using compact IR systems in complex environments.
Advances in Metal Halide Perovskite Memristors: A Review from a Co‐Design Perspective
Authors: Jiang Bowen , Chen Xiang , Pan Xiaoxin , Tao Li , Huang Yuangqiang , Tang Jiahao , Li Xiaoqing , Wang Peixiong , Ma Guokun , Zhang Jun , Wang Hao
Published: November 2024

The memristor has recently demonstrated considerable potential in the field of large‐scale data information processing. Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have emerged as the leading contenders for memristors due to their sensitive optoelectronic response, low power consumption, and ability to be prepared at low temperatures. This work presents a comprehensive enumeration and analysis of the predominant research advancements in mechanisms of resistance switch (RS) behaviors in MHPs‐based memristors, along with a summary of useful characterization techniques. The impact of diverse optimization techniques on the functionality of perovskite memristors is examined and synthesized. Additionally, the potential of MHPs memristors in data processing, physical encryption devices, artificial synapses, and brain‐like computing advancement of MHPs memristors is evaluated. This review can prove a valuable reference point for the future development of perovskite memristors applications. In conclusion, the current challenges and prospects of MHPs‐based memristors are discussed in order to provide insights into potential avenues for the development of next‐generation information storage technologies and biomimetic applications.
Single‐Cell Membrane Potential Stimulation and Recording by an Electrolyte‐Gated Organic Field‐Effect Transistor
Authors: Lago Nicolò , Galli Alessandra , Tonello Sarah , Ruiz‐Molina Sara , Marino Saralea , Casalini Stefano , Buonomo Marco , Pisu Simona , Mas‐Torrent Marta , Giorgi Giada , Pedersen Morten Gram , Bortolozzi Mario , Cester Andrea
Published: November 2024

The reliable stimulation and recording of electrical activity in single cells by means of organic bio‐electronics will be an important milestone in developing new low‐cost and highly biocompatible medical devices. This paper demonstrates extracellular voltage stimulation and single‐cell membrane potential recording by means of a dual‐gate electrolyte‐gated organic field‐effect transistors (EGOFET) employing 2,8‐Difluoro‐5,11‐bis(triethylsilylethynyl)anthradithiophene blended with polystyrene as active material. To obtain a sufficiently small footprint to allow bidirectional communication at the single cell level, the EGOFET technology has been scaled down implementing a Corbino layout, paving the way to the development of novel bidirectional Electrocorticography (ECoG) devices with a high spatial resolution. A specific and thorough analysis of the working mechanisms of EGOFET‐based bio‐sensors is reported, highlighting the importance of the device design and using an appropriate batch of measurements for the recording of the electrical activity of cells.