bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reaction of Leaf Celery (Apium Graveolens L. Var. Secalinum) To Planting Density and Irrigation
Authors: Rożek Ewa
Published: May 2008

Reaction of Leaf Celery (Apium Graveolens L. Var. Secalinum) To Planting Density and Irrigation

In experiments conducted in the years 2004-2005, effect of seedlings planting density and irrigation on yield of 2 cultivars of leaf celery (Afina, Safir) was evaluated. Transplants were planted on 15 May 2004 and 12 May 2005 with spacing 25 x 20 cm and 15 x 20 cm. Harvest of celery leaves was carried out in three turns: on 15 July, 14-15 September and 27-28 October. It was shown that higher planting density significantly increases yield of leaves. Irrigation increased leaf yield, on average, by 55.9%. Depending on cultivar and planting density, leaf yield of non-irrigated plants was 5.29-6.34 kg.m-2, while for irrigated plants it ranged from 7.70 to 11.97 kg.m-2.
The Effect of Freezing Storage on Microbiological Quality of Some Spice Plants
Authors: Wójcik-Stopczyńska Barbara , Jadczak Dorota
Published: May 2008

The Effect of Freezing Storage on Microbiological Quality of Some Spice Plants

In the study four spice plants were tested: basil, marjoram, savory and the leafy type of parsley. A microbiological analysis included fresh plant material - shoots with leaves (whole and cut into 2-3cm pieces) and frozen pieces (after freezing and storage for 12 months at -25°C). In the fresh whole plants a total number of mesophilic aerobic bacteria ranged from 3.9 in marjoram to 6.7 log- CFU·g-1 in parsley, moulds - from 2.2 in basil and savory to 4.1 logCFU·g-1 in parsley and yeasts - from 2.1 in basil and savory to 3.5 logCFU·g-1 in parsley. Cutting of plants caused a significant increase in the number of these microorganisms. Freezing and freezing storage induced differentiated decreasing of microbiological contamination of tested material. After 12 months of freezing storage an average survival percentage of bacteria was 10%, of moulds and yeasts respectively 44% and 48%, in relation to number of these microorganisms in fresh cut spice plants before freezing. Final counts of bacteria, moulds and yeasts ranged respectively 3.3-6.1, 2.3-3.7 and 2.1-4.1 logCFU·g-1. Neither in the fresh material nor in the frozen one were pathogenic bacteria found. The titre of coliforms in all tested samples of basil, savory and marjoram was >0.1g but it was lower (0.01g) in fresh and frozen parsley. Microbiological quality of frozen parsley was low (total count of microorganisms >6.0 logCFU·g-1). Moreover there was a high number of moulds and yeasts (>3.0 logCFU·g-1) in frozen marjoram. The microbiological quality of frozen basil and savory was quite good. The count of microorganisms in fresh plant material before freezing influenced microbiological quality of frozen spice plants.
Genetic Diversity Among Garlic Clones as Revealed by Aflp, Phenotypic Descriptors and S-Amino Acids Level
Authors: Ovesná Jaroslava , Kučera Ladislav , Králová Jana , Leišová Leona , Stavělíková Helena , Velíšek Jan
Published: May 2008

Genetic Diversity Among Garlic Clones as Revealed by Aflp, Phenotypic Descriptors and S-Amino Acids Level

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) belongs to well known vegetables. Garlic is considered a valuable source of health benefit compounds. S-amino acids, namely S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine sulfoxides, are one of the major garlic constituents. We evaluated a set of garlic genetics resources representing namely valuable germplasm from Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland and former Soviet Union. We showed that differences exist among analysed genotypes in S-amino acids (alliin/methiin) level and donors of high level of alliin/methiin can be identified. High alliin/methiin level was found within genetic resources and registered cultivars under the use. Level of alliin and isoalliin did not correlate with measured level of methiin. Donors of high methiin level were found within accessions marked as being "wild" in EVIGEZ database. Sufficient variability was found by AFLP analysis as well. Accessions were divided by PCA basically into two categories: hardnecks (Ophioscorodon group, Longicuspis group) and softneck (sativum group). Presented work showes possibility to find suitable donors of biologically active compounds in garlic.
Germplasm Evaluation of Tomatillo (Physalis Ixocarpa Brot.) Cropped Under Ontario, Canada and Chapingo, Mexico Environmental Conditions
Authors: Mulato-Brito Juan , Peña-Lomelí Aureliano
Published: May 2008

Germplasm Evaluation of Tomatillo (Physalis Ixocarpa Brot.) Cropped Under Ontario, Canada and Chapingo, Mexico Environmental Conditions

Evaluation of five tomatillo Mexican landraces including altogether 13 accessions was performed under environmental conditions of Ontario, Canada and Chapingo in central Mexico. The measured traits were: beginning of flowering and harvest, total number of harvested fruits and the yield. Number of days to flowering or fruiting was counted from the date of planting. In both localities accessions 1 and 3 of the Rendidora landrace as well as the accession 1 of the Manzano landrace were the earliest and the highest yielding. In Chapingo the accession 1 of the Rendidora landrace gave the yield of fruits almost 4 kg.m-2, in Elora, Canada the same accession was also the best and yielded almost 3 kg.m-2. In general, all accessions were earlier in Elora than in Chapingo; yield in both localities was in general similar except the landrace Milpero obviously poorly suited to Canadian environment. Tomatillo may be considered as a promising new crop for Ontario, Canada agriculture. Yield was correlated negatively, in a significant way, with the number of days to flowering and harvest, it means that the development of early, highly productive varieties by artificial selection is feasible.
Antioxidant Capacity, Anthocyanin Content Profile in ‘Bluecrop’ Blueberry Fruit
Authors: Krupa Tomasz , Tomala Kazimierz
Published: May 2008

Antioxidant Capacity, Anthocyanin Content Profile in ‘Bluecrop’ Blueberry Fruit

Mature ‘Bluecrop’ berries, with no visible damage on the fruit surface, were picked by hand and placed in a common cold storage (as control) and under CA conditions consisting of 8 different CO2:O2 ratios (12:1.5, 12:3, 12:6, 12:12 and 18:1.5, 18:3, 18:6, 18:12) at 0°C. HPLC was used to separate and determine individual anthocyanin compounds in blueberry fruit. ‘Bluecrop’ blueberries contained 14 anthocyanins: glycosides of delphinidin, cyanidin, peonidin, petunidin and malvidin all with sugar bound at the 3-position. Generally, the content of anthocyanin compounds in fruit was the highest after 2 or 4-week storage. Total anthocyanin content was significantly higher in berries stored under CA condition, especially under low oxygen concentration, as compared with those placed in common cold storage, and CO2 concentration does not have any effect. Antioxidant activity strongly correlated with total anthocyanin content, delphinidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-galactoside, delphinidin-3-arabinoside, petunidin-3-glucoside, petunidin-3-galactoside and with firmness, but slightly correlated with soluble solids and titratable acidity.
Influence of Cultivar and Storage Time on the Content of Higher Fatty Acids in Apple Cuticle
Authors: Simčič Marjan , Kadunc Melita , Hribar Janez , Vidrih Rajko
Published: May 2008

Influence of Cultivar and Storage Time on the Content of Higher Fatty Acids in Apple Cuticle

The main objective was to determine the fatty acid composition on the surface of apple peel and in seeds. 7 apple cultivars were used: Elstar, Fuji, Gloster, Idared, Jonagold, Pink Lady and Golden Delicious. Apple seeds contain from 8.4% to 15% of water and from 17.1% to 28.0% (f.w.) of fat. The fatty acid content in seeds ranged as follows: linoleic (55.9-62.3), oleic (23.9-30.7%), palmitic (7.1-9.3%), stearic (1.6-2.3%), arachidic (1.2-1.6%), linolenic (0.4-0.7%. Linolic acid is prevalent fatty acid on peel as well. Ratio of linolenic acid on peel is up to 30 fold higher than in seeds. Saturated palmitic and stearic fatty acid ratio is considerably higher in peel than in seeds while is the ratio of oleic acid nearly the same as in seeds. During storage of apples the ratio of palmitic and oleic acid increases, while ratio of linoleic acid considerably decreases.
Biological Variation in Ripening of Nectarines
Authors: Tijskens L. , Zerbini P. , Schouten R.
Published: May 2008

Biological Variation in Ripening of Nectarines

The optimal harvest date of nectarines can no longer be based on the colour since newer cultivars have an intensive blush, even in the unripe stage. Measuring the absorption of the fruit flesh by Time Resolved Spectroscopy (TRS) at 670 nm, provide information on the ripening stage and the variation in ripening stages of batches of fruit. Since each individual fruit is harvested and measured at some arbitrary stage of development, the analysis of the data gathered was based on the system of the biological shift factor (Tijskens et al. 2005) applying non-linear mixed effects regression analysis. The results show that μa, and therefore also the fruit flesh colour and chlorophyll content, change according a sigmoidal pattern, which was approximated with a symmetrical logistic function. The explained parts obtained (R2
adj) were about 0.97 for storage at 20°C and about 0.86 at 10°C. The rather large variation on apparent behaviour between individual fruit, each with its own stage of development, was nicely taken care of by the system of the biological shift factor. During ripening, the distribution of the biological shift factor was constant and normal, while the distribution of μa changed. Also that change in distribution over time is nicely described by the system and models used.
Suitability of Entec 26 as a Source of Nitrogen for Red Beet and Celeriac
Authors: Kołota Eugeniusz , Adamczewska-Sowińska Katarzyna , Krężel Jan
Published: May 2008

Suitability of Entec 26 as a Source of Nitrogen for Red Beet and Celeriac

Entec 26 a new concept nitrogen fertilizer containing DMPP nitrification inhibitor was evaluated as a source of N for red beet and celeriac in field studies conducted in 2003-2006. In experiments with red beet there were determined the effects of the use of ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, calcium nitrate and Entec 26 applied in the amounts of 50, 100, 150, 100 + 50 kg N·ha-1 in cultivation for bunches, and additionally 200 kg N·ha-1 for storage purpose. In the study with celeriac ammonium nitrate was supplied in split doses of 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg N·ha-1, while Entec 26 at the same rates as preplant or split application.

Results of the study showed that Entec 26 was equally valuable source of N for red beet as ammonium nitrate and calcium nitrate and more efficient than ammonium sulphate. In experiment with celeriac, plants supplied with this fertilizer in split doses overyielded those receiving ammonium nitrate in the same amounts. The important advantageous effect of Entec 26 use was a considerable reduction of nitrates accumulation in red beet grown for bunches and in celeriac roots.
The Effect of Different Source of Iron on Nutritional Value of Greenhouse Tomato Fruit Grown in Peat Substrate
Authors: Chohura Piotr , Kołota Eugeniusz , Komosa Andrzej
Published: May 2008

The Effect of Different Source of Iron on Nutritional Value of Greenhouse Tomato Fruit Grown in Peat Substrate

The aim of the investigations conducted in 2005-2006 was to estimate the effect of different kind of iron chelates: Fe 8 Forte (EDTA), Top 13 (EDTA+DTPA) and Librel Fe DP7 (DTPA) and iron concentration 50, 75 and 100 mg Fe·dm-3 in growing medium on the yield and fruit quality of greenhouse tomato cv. 'Merkury F1'. Tomato plants were grown in peat substrate produced by Hartmann, which characterized natural low iron content. The experiment was set up in two factorial design in three replications. One plot covered 6 plants grown in spacing 0.6x0.5 m, plant population was 3.0 per 1 m2. The best yield of greenhouse tomato cv. 'Merkury F1' was recorded when Fe 8 Forte in 75 mg Fe·dm-3 while Fe 13 Top and Librel Fe DP7 in concentration of 100 mg Fe·dm-3 were used. There was not recorded any strongly effect of tested fertilizers and iron concentration in substrate on the nutritional value of fruits.
Response of Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.) to Selenium in Nutrient Solution Contaminated with Nickel
Authors: Hawrylak Barbara , Matraszek Renata , Szymańska Maria
Published: May 2008

Response of Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.) to Selenium in Nutrient Solution Contaminated with Nickel

The influence of two selenium concentrations (5 and 20 μM) on crop yield, the content of chlorophyll, carotenoids and anthocyanins, as well as accumulation of nickel, selenium and sulphur were studied in the leaves of 50 μM Ni-stressed lettuce plants. Experiments were carried out in water cultures. The obtained results suggest that selenium at concentration of 5 μM in nickel contaminated medium positively affected plants by stimulating their growth, increasing the concentration of assimilation pigments, and thereby at least partially prevented the toxic effect of nickel excess. Moreover, in plants enrichment with selenium a higher increase in content of chlorophyll a than b as well as a higher concentration of carotenoids were found. On the other hand, selenium affected a greater nickel uptake by lettuce plants.
Effect of Weedy Background on Occurrence and Effectiveness of Aphidophagous Syrphid Larvae in Reduction of Black Bean Aphid (Aphis Fabae Scop.)
Authors: Pobożniak Maria
Published: May 2008

Effect of Weedy Background on Occurrence and Effectiveness of Aphidophagous Syrphid Larvae in Reduction of Black Bean Aphid (Aphis Fabae Scop.)

The relation between the degree of the soil coverage by weeds and the occurrence of aphidophagous syrphid larvae in colonies of black bean aphid on red beet cultivation was analysed over the period 1997-2000. The different degree of the weediness was obtained by varying the frequency of weeding on particular plots. In combination A the plots were continuously kept weed-free during the whole vegetation season, in B weeds were removed three times, in C weeds were removed twice and in combination D weeds were not removed. It was found that the greatest number of predatory syrphid larvae was noticed in the combination kept weed-free and weeded three times, where also the most intensive occurrence of Aphis fabae Scop. was noticed. The combinations weeded three times and two times created the best conditions for the effectiveness of the predatory Syrphidae which larvae feeding in the colonies of Aphis fabae Scop.
Sugar Content in Spears Versus Asparagus Yielding
Authors: Krzesiński Włodzimierz , Stachowiak Jerzy , Gąsecka Monika , Knaflewski Mikołaj
Published: May 2008

Sugar Content in Spears Versus Asparagus Yielding

This research was focused on determination of the correlation between soluble sugar content in green asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) spears and yield. In 2000-2002, green spears of the cultivar 'Thielim' were cut every day from the end of April to the middle of June. Sucrose, glucose, and fructose content was determined every 10-14 days by means of an HPLC method. The content of fructose was not correlated but the ratio of fructose to glucose content was positively correlated with the yield (r=0.92). When the ratio of fructose to glucose content in spears increased by 0.13, the yield increased by about 1 t·ha-1. Content of glucose, sucrose and soluble sugar were negatively correlated with yield (r = -0.76 r = -0.77 and -0.79, respectively). When glucose, sucrose and soluble sugar content in spears decreased by 0.29 mg·g-1, 0.20 mg·g-1 and 0.85 mg·g-1, respectively, the yield increased by about 1 t·ha-1. During the first twenty days of harvest the calculated amount of soluble sugar accumulated in harvested spears was correlated with the yield in the remaining harvest period as well as in the whole harvest season. The effect of temperature and solar radiation on the yield and sugar content in spears is discussed in the paper.
Sensory Quality and Consumer Liking of Carrot Cultivars of Different Genotype
Authors: Szymczak Paweł , Gajewski Marek , Radzanowska Jadwiga , Dąbrowska Aleksandra
Published: May 2008

Sensory Quality and Consumer Liking of Carrot Cultivars of Different Genotype

The aim of this work was to determine sensory quality differentiation in various carrot cultivars of different genotype - with orange, purple and yellow storage roots. Consumer's test for liking carrots was performed in order to find consumer's preference level for carrots types and to determine the relationship between sensory profiles and consumer's attitude to carrots. An approach was also done to find correlations between descriptors of sensory quality and liking level, and to determine which sensory quality descriptors significantly affect overall sensory quality impression. The two-year studies were carried out in Warsaw Agricultural University in 2005-2006. Carrots were grown on the experimental field of the University. Eight cultivars of different storage root colour and shape were chosen: 'Perfekcja', 'Interceptor', 'Vita Longa', 'Nebula', 'Deep Purple', 'Purple Haze', 'Mello Yello', 'White Satin'. The trained panel, consisting of 12 persons, carried out the evaluation, using the quantitative descriptive analysis method (QDA). At the first part of QDA procedure, experts generated a set of 13 descriptors for odour, appearance, texture and flavour/taste of carrot. Consumer test of carrots liking was also performed by 65-person group of volunteers in different age of both sexes. For this evaluation non-structural scale was also used, with anchoring points: 'I do not like it' - 'I like it very much'. Consumer liking for colour, flavour and overall liking was evaluated. Principal component analysis and regression analysis were performed on obtained data. Results show large differentiation of sensory traits of investigated cultivars. The biggest influence on overall quality exerted off-odour intensity, flesh firmness, flavour of raw carrot intensity, bitter taste and off-flavour intensity. Consumer's preference was also differentiated and highest scores for liking got orange coloured cultivars. In respect of flavour liking, 'Perfekcja', 'Interceptor' and 'Nebula' were the most desired cultivars by consumers of both sexes, and 'Mello Yello' was the lowest desired cultivar. There were small differences in preference between females and males. Flavour liking of carrots was strongly and positively correlated with flesh juiciness and crunchiness of roots.
Effect of Temperature and Controlled Atmosphere on the Storage of Fruit from Long-Life Tomatoes
Authors: Wrzodak Anna , Adamicki Franciszek
Published: May 2008

Effect of Temperature and Controlled Atmosphere on the Storage of Fruit from Long-Life Tomatoes

In the years 2003-2005, experiments were carried out, the aim of which was to determine the suitability for storage of greenhouse LSL (long shelf life) tomato cultivars: Habana F1, Zafiro F1, Strada F1, Antinea F1, Graziella F1, Durinta F1, Kripton F1, and one control cultivar Faustine F1, grown on stakes in field conditions.

In the first part of the experiment, red and breaker fruits of the tomato cultivars were stored in normal air at 12.5°C and 20°C. After 4 weeks of storing the LSL tomato fruits, the temperature of 12.5°C was found to be the more favourable one. Breaker fruits of the cultivars Habana F1 and Strada F1 stored the best, with those of Faustine F1 also keeping relatively well, as the resulting market value of those fruits was high and weight loss small. Fruits of the cultivars Durinta F1 and Antinea F1 were not suitable for storage over periods longer than 2-3 weeks because they were severely affected by grey mould.

In the second part of the experiment, mature green fruits of three cultivars: Faustine F1, Habana F1 and Strada F1, were stored in controlled atmospheres containing: 5% CO2 - 3% O2, 2.5% CO2 - 3% O2, 0% CO2 - 2% O2, for a period of 8 weeks at a temperature of 12.5°C. For comparison, fruits of the same cultivars were also stored at 12.5°C in normal air. In 2004, the cultivar Habana F1 had the smallest weight loss at all the gaseous concentrations used, and the best fruit quality after further storage in air at 20°C. In the years 2003 and 2005, it was found that, respectively, 50% and 80% of the fruits of all the cultivars had been affected by grey mould while in storage under the controlled atmosphere conditions.

Storage life of the cultivars Habana F1, Strada F1 and Faustine F1, whose mature green and breaker fruits were kept at 12.5°C in air, was also compared. It was found that mature green fruits were characterized by smaller weight loss, a higher market value and better storage life in comparison with breaker fruits.
The Effect of Pre-Harvest Treatment with Fungicide on the Storage Potential of Root Vegetables
Authors: Robak Józef , Adamicki Franciszek
Published: May 2008

The Effect of Pre-Harvest Treatment with Fungicide on the Storage Potential of Root Vegetables

The results of experiments conducted over many years indicate that proper agrotechnical methods of cultivating root vegetables (carrot, parsley, and celeriac) such as while proper crop rotation, fertilization, and optimal storage conditions effects the quality and storage potential of these vegetables, while preharvest protection did not have a significant effect on storage life and the occurrence of fungal diseases during long-term storage.

The highest effectiveness in pre-harvest protection of the studied vegetable species against alternaria leaf blight on carrot, powdery mildew on parsley, and septoria leaf spot on celeriac was exhibited by: azoxystrobin, azoxystrobin + chlorotalonil, and pyraclostrobin + boscalid, which proved to be highly effective in preventing infection with storage diseases (over 90%), and had a beneficial effect on the storage life of these vegetable roots in comparison with unprotected objects. Significantly lower effectiveness in pre-harvest protection and smaller effect on storage life was shown by natural fungicidal products (chitosan, orange oil, melaleuca oil). Although they showed lower effectiveness, they can be recommended for use in the integrated and ecological systems of producing root vegetables for long-term storage.
Effect of Neem Treeextract on Heteroptera Bugs Occurrence in Bean Grown for Seeds
Authors: Kołosowski Sławomir
Published: May 2008

Effect of Neem Treeextract on Heteroptera Bugs Occurrence in Bean Grown for Seeds

The evaluation of natural and chemical pesticides in Heteroptera bugs control was carried out in the field experiment conducted during 2003-2005 at Skierniewice. Lambda-cyhalothrin (Karate 025 EC) registered for Heteroptera bugs control in conventional cultivation of bean and Neem Tree extract (Neem Azal TS) recommended for organic farming were examined.

During the three years of experiment the highest population out of the whole Heteroptera bugs made Lygus rugulipennis, 92.4-96.1% in dependence on the year. Though the percentage of the mentioned species was almost similar in all years, still the number of caught insects differed in years from 735 to 1231 adults respectively. The differences in the bugs occurrence according to the year were significant. In 2003 the number of all Heteroptera species found during the whole vegetation season was the lowest and made 782 specimen as compared to 2004 when the total number of all Heteroptera bugs was 1332 specimen. In consequence the yield of bean seeds was the most seriously damaged in 2004.

Both treatments significantly limited the number of Heteroptera bugs at the time of bean flowering and pot setting as compared to untreated control. Both pesticides reduced the amount of damaged seeds and the efficacy of the treatment increased as the number of application increased from once till three times treatment.
Investment Climate and Foreign Direct Investment Trends in the South Caucasus and Central Asia
Authors: Penev Slavica
Published: May 2008

Investment Climate and Foreign Direct Investment Trends in the South Caucasus and Central Asia

This paper analyzes and compares investment climates and trends in the South Caucasus and Central Asia. The analyses and comparisons were conducted in view of the impacts of transitional progress, economic development, and the energy reserves from these regions on the inflow of foreign direct investment. Improvement of the investment climate by accelerating the transition process and reducing investment risks can be seen as the most important determinants of FDI inflows into the countries of these two regions. Structural diversification of South Caucasian and Central Asian natural resource-based economies would be essential in ending dependence on the energy and mining sectors and would have positive long-term effects on economic growth and the investment climate, and attract other, additional types of FDI.
GSIM Measurement of the Effects of the EU accession of the Balkans and Turkey on Agricultural Trade
Authors: Holzner Mario
Published: May 2008

GSIM Measurement of the Effects of the EU accession of the Balkans and Turkey on Agricultural Trade

In this paper, the global simulation model (GSIM) for the analysis of global, regional, and unilateral trade policy changes by Francois and Hall (2003) was applied to the agricultural trade between the EU, the Balkans and Turkey. This was done in order to measure the effects of an EU accession of the Balkans and Turkey. Most of the changes in welfare after a full liberalisation of agricultural trade between the Balkans and Turkey on the one hand and the EU on the other hand can be expected in the accession countries themselves. It is estimated that incumbent EU members will be affected only to a minor extent. It was also estimated that the exchange rate risk is not very high.
Is Gold a Hedge Against Turkish Lira?
Authors: Ozturk Feride , Acikalin Sezgin
Published: May 2008

Is Gold a Hedge Against Turkish Lira?

This paper investigates whether gold is an internal hedge and/or an external hedge against Turkish lira (TL) by using monthly data from January 1995 to November 2006. Cointegration test results confirm the long-term relationships between the gold price and consumer price index and between the gold price and TL/US dollar exchange rate. The Granger Tests, based on vector error correction model (VECM), indicate that gold price Granger causes the consumer price index and TL/US dollar exchange rate in a unidirectional way. It is concluded that gold acts as an effective hedge against potential future TL depreciation and rising domestic inflation. Furthermore, gold price may be considered as a good indicator of inflation and hence it can be used as a guide to monetary policy.
The Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism is Associated with Pregnancy Miscarriage and Placental Insufficiency
Authors: Bespalova O , Ivashchenko T , Tarasenko O , Demin G , Ajlamazjan E , Baranov V
Published: May 2008

The Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism is Associated with Pregnancy Miscarriage and Placental Insufficiency

Research of past decades has shown that pregnancy miscarriage (PM) and placental insufficiency (PI) underlie severe obstetric pathologies that result in complications of fetal development. The occurrence of PI developed during previous PMs varied from 47.6 to 77.3%. Pregnancy miscarriage can be considered to be the clinical manifestation of PI, which is a common complication in women with a previous history of PM. Endothelial dysfunction in the mother and in the fetoplacental complex are basic causes of PI. The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays a key role in maintenance of proper balance between vasoconstriction and vasodilatation of blood vessels, and thus, in blood pressure regulation. DNA samples were genotyped for insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the ACE gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. This study shows that the frequency of allele I of the ACE gene in DNA samples from placentae of the women with PM and PI (group 4) is twice as high than in the placentae of women with a PM history but without PI in the current pregnancy (group 3) (64.6 and 30.4%, respectively, p <0.001). Odds ratio (OR) analyses showed that the D/D genotype in placentae increases by 3-fold the risk of PI in women negative for PM history. The presence of the I/I genotype in patients positive for PM history increases the risk of PI 2.6-fold. It is concluded that the D/D genotype in placentae correlates with increased risk of PI in women negative for PM history, whereas the I/I genotype is a risk factor for PI in patients positive for PM history.
Effects of SNPs in the Col1a1 and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Genes on BMD in Postmenopausal Women in Malta
Authors: Vidal C , Brincat M , Xuereb-Anastasi A
Published: May 2008

Effects of SNPs in the Col1a1 and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Genes on BMD in Postmenopausal Women in Malta

Two common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the COL1A1 gene and the C677T variant within the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene have been studied for correlation with bone mineral density (BMD) in 126 postmenopausal Maltese women (55.6 ± 7.1 years). All polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), while BMD at the lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), Ward's triangle and trochanter was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).

The observed genotype frequencies were similar to those in other populations and were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No association was observed between polymorphisms in the COL1A1 gene and BMD, even after adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI) and years since menopause. The C allele of the C677T variant of the MTHFR gene had a negative effect on trochanter BMD when testing for genetic models of dominant and recessive alleles (independent samplet-test:p= 0.03). Genotype frequencies of both genes did not differ significantly between normal women and those with a low BMD at either the LS or FN.
Gallstone Disease and Cholesterolosis in Monozygotic Twin Sisters
Authors: Ivanchenkova R , Sharashkina N , Martirosyan I , Limborska S , Ryskov A
Published: May 2008

Gallstone Disease and Cholesterolosis in Monozygotic Twin Sisters

Gallstone disease and Cholesterolosis may be independent diseases or forms of the same disease, caused by impairment of cholesterol metabolism. Gallstone disease is characterized by formation of cholesterol concrements in the gallbladder cavity. Cholesterolosis is a hyperplastic cholecistosis, caused by cholesterol accumulation in the gallbladder wall with subsequent proliferation of gallbladder normal tissue elements. We describe monozygotic twin sisters, one of whom developed gallstone disease and the other developed cholesterolosis. Monozygosity was verified by a DNA fingerprinting method. Both had identical heterogeneity of plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) subfractions, but associated with different functional conditions within the gallbladder. The different manifestations may be due to epigenetic, metabolic or environmental factors, since both had a common genetic basis.
Organochloride Pesticides in Macedonian Girls With Premature Sexual Development
Authors: Krstevska-Konstantinova M , Kocova M , Charlier C , Bourguignon J
Published: May 2008

Organochloride Pesticides in Macedonian Girls With Premature Sexual Development

Premature sexual development (PSD) in girls describes the appearance of secondary sexual signs before the age of 8 years. Early puberty is diagnosed if pubertal signs appear between the age of 8 and 9 years. We found a positive association between the levels of organochloride pesticides (p,p'-DDE) in precocious puberty in girls adopted from developing countries and significantly higher levels than in native Belgian girls with the same condition.

We have compared the serum levels of eight p,p'- DDE in 56 Macedonian girls with PSD and a control group of 24 normal, age-matched girls, using a gas chromatographic analyzer coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer detector. Of the 56 girls with PSD, 42 had premature thelarche, five had early puberty, and nine had precocious puberty of idiopathic (n= 8) or organic (n= 1) origin. We found traces of p,p'- DDE in nine girls (16%) and negative results in 41 (73%), while the remaining six (10%) had a mean level of 1.17 ± 0.7 μg/L. In the control group, traces were found in one girl (4%) and negative results in 18 (75%), while the remaining five (20%) had a mean level of 1.18 ± 0.6 μg/L. We found elevated levels of lindane in the girls with PSD (mean value 1.2 ± 0.8) and significantly higher levels in the control group (1.4 ± 0.8) (p<0.05). We concluded that Macedonian girls with PSD do not have higher levels of p,p'-DDE in their serum than the normal controls. However, the elevated levels of lindane in this population should be further investigated.
Factor VIII-Intron 1 Inversion of Hemophilia A Patients In West Anatolia
Authors: Pehlivan M , Pehlivan S , Buyukkececi F , Çagirgan S , Yilmaz M , Bedii Omay , Tombuloğlu M , Kavakli K
Published: May 2008

Factor VIII-Intron 1 Inversion of Hemophilia A Patients In West Anatolia

Hemophilia A (HA) is a hereditary, life-threatening and disabling disorder. In this study, we have examined 61 unrelated HA patients in order to identify the incidence of the intron 1 factor VIII (FVIII) gene inversion in the West Anatolian population. According to the results of DNA analyses of the 61 HA patients, no intron 1 inversion of the FVIII gene was found.
View of Climate Changes Based on the Wavelet Analysis of Solar Intensity
Authors: Barkāns J. , Žalostība D.
Published: May 2008

View of Climate Changes Based on the Wavelet Analysis of Solar Intensity

The view of existing tendencies in climate changes proposed by the authors is based on the available facts. Earlier, cyclic behaviour of the world's river flows was discovered, which was found to correlate with the cycles of solar intensity. Similar correlation was revealed by the authors for global temperature anomalies. Based on the wavelet analysis it became possible to notice a phase inversion in these processes, which, in the authors' opinion, could be associated with re-magnetisation of the Sun. This, for example, explains the hitherto inexplicable interruption in the temperature rise during the 1950-70-ies. The authors stress that the processes of global climate changes are of ambiguous character, being consisted of the natural and the anthropogenic components.
Application of Apparent Impedance Method at Variable Specific Resistance of Phase Conductor
Authors: Survilo J.
Published: May 2008

Application of Apparent Impedance Method at Variable Specific Resistance of Phase Conductor

The apparent impedance to single-phase earth fault place is obtained applying the classical algorithm of distance protection. Thanks to a complex character of this impedance, the expression for the algorithm decomposes into two equations, allowing two unknowns to be calculated: the reactance to a fault place and the fault resistance, provided the faulty phase voltage and current as well as ground current or zero sequence current are known. To do this, a special mathematical procedure called here the apparent impedance method is employed, which implies the use of specific line parameters. For high voltage two-terminal and radial lines of distribution networks the iterative procedure could be applied under the condition that the faulty phase voltage is measured in a distribution network with sufficient precision. Among other specific line parameters, the inconsistency of specific resistance of the phase conductor deserves special attention because of its unpredictable nature and wide range of deviations causing inadmissible errors in distribution networks. To cope with this shortcoming, the temperature of the phase conductor wire should be known at the moment of fault inception. Otherwise, the single-phase earth fault current should be increased to the level above the half the line load current.
Abnormal Influence of Ions on Shock-Induced Polarization in Binary Electrolytes
Authors: Martuzans B. , Skryl Yu.
Published: May 2008

Abnormal Influence of Ions on Shock-Induced Polarization in Binary Electrolytes

The study is aimed at modeling the shock-induced polarization of liquid superdiluted binary (KF) electrolytes at low (<10-4mole fraction) concentration of K+and F-ions (i.e. not making direct contribution to the polarization current). It is supposed that at such a small concentration of electrolyte only the dipole polarization of water occurs, while the indirect influence of ions is expressed in its reduced conductivity in the compressed region at increasing concentration of the dissolved ions. In the authors' opinion, this influence is connected with suppression of the transition of water into high-conductivity phase by the ions of electrolyte.
Physical Therapy Intervention for People With Huntington Disease
Authors: Busse Monica E , Khalil Hanan , Quinn Lori , Rosser Anne E
Published: May 2008

Background and Purpose

The clinical symptoms of Huntington disease (HD) include progressive movement disorders, cognitive deficits, and behavioral changes, all of which affect an individual's ability to participate in activities of daily living. To date, very few quantitative or qualitative studies have been conducted to guide physical therapists working with people with HD. The objective of this study was to characterize current physical therapist practice for people with HD, thus informing the development of standardized clinical care and future research studies.

Subjects and Methods

Consultation with physical therapists working with people with HD was undertaken in the form of mailed questionnaires (n=49) and semistructured interviews (n=8). The development of the interview schedule was aided by consideration of the data obtained from the questionnaires. Themes identified from the interviews were considered in light of published literature and questionnaire responses.

Results

The main issues that emerged from the interviews were classified into 3 subthemes: (1) there is insufficient use of routine physical therapy–related outcome measures at different stages of HD, (2) there is underutilization of physical therapy services in managing HD (particularly in the early stages), and (3) the management of falls and mobility deficit progression is a key treatment aim for people with HD.

Discussion and Conclusion

A conceptual framework for physical therapy intervention in HD was developed on the basis of the themes that emerged from the data in this study. Such a framework has utility for complex, progressive conditions such as HD and may facilitate clinical decision making and standardization of practice and affect the development of future physical therapy trials.
Artificial Molecular Machines Powered by Light
Authors: Amelia Matteo , Semeraro Monica , Silvi Serena , Credi Alberto
Published: May 2008

The bottom-up construction and operation of mechanical machines of molecular size is a topic of great interest for nanoscience, and a fascinating challenge of nanotechnology. Like their macroscopic counterparts, nanoscale machines need energy to operate. Although most molecular motors
of the biological world are fueled by chemical reactions, light is a very good choice to power artificial molecular machines because it can also be used to monitor the state of the machine, and allows systems to be obtained that show autonomous operation and do not generate waste products.
By adopting an incrementally staged design strategy, photoinduced processes can be engineered within rotaxane-type structures with the purpose of obtaining light-powered molecular machines. In this short review we will illustrate such an approach by describing some systems investigated in
our laboratories.
Analysis of Amphetamine Derivatives in Plasma Using Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Coupled with Laser-Induced Fluorescence after Derivatization on Solid-Phase Extraction Support
Authors: Gremaud Ludovic , Schappler Julie , Veuthey Jean-Luc , Rohrbasser Claude , Rudaz Serge
Published: May 2008

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a very powerful analytical technique, consuming very small quantities of samples and solvents. Generally, a UV detector is coupled with CE but for the analysis of drugs in biological fluids, it is necessary to use a more sensitive and selective detector
such as laser induced fluorescence (LIF). This detector was used to analyze various amphetamine derivatives which do not present native fluorescence and therefore a derivatization tag was employed to produce a fluorescent adduct. Fluorescamine, a fluorogene agent, was selected because it reacts
with primary amines of amphetamines to give a fluorescent compound negatively charged, which can be analyzed by CZE-LIF. Taking into account the presence of many interfering compounds in biological fluids, analysis of these compounds requires a sample preparation prior to the analysis. Solid
phase extraction (SPE) was selected and the derivatization step included. Analysis of independent plasma samples (n = 6) exhibited a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 8%. A relative recovery of 99% was observed for amphetamine, used as a model compound.
Synthetic Pores as Sensors: Focus on Zinc Filters for IP7 and Phytate Contents in Lentils, Almonds, and Soybeans
Authors: Butterfield Sara M. , Matile Stefan
Published: May 2008

Recent experimental evidence confirms synthetic pores as operational multicomponent sensors in complex matrices. This work in practice is summarized, with emphasis on topics of current concern which exemplify the use of enzymes as signal generators in differential sensing applications,
and the importance of carefully conceived additives such as reactive signal amplifiers or filters.
Catalytic Activity of bis-Phosphine Ruthenium(II)-Arene Compounds
Authors: Chaplin Adrian B.
Published: May 2008

This overview presents recent work on the coordination chemistry and catalytic activity of bis-phosphine ruthenium(II)-arene complexes, [RuCl(PPh3)(PR3)(?6-arene)]+, carried out in the Laboratory of Organometallic and Medicinal Chemistry
at the EPFL.
The Non-Mevalonate Pathway to Isoprenoid Biosynthesis: A Potential Source of New Drug Targets
Authors: Hirsch Anna K. H. , Diederich François
Published: May 2008

Isoprenoids are an essential class of natural products with a myriad of biological functions. All isoprenoids are assembled using two common five-carbon precursors, isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) that are biosynthesized via two completely
independent routes: the mevalonate and the non-mevalonate pathway. While the former is used by humans, the latter is employed exclusively by a number of important pathogens such as the malarial Plasmodium falciparum parasite or the tuberculosis-causing Mycobacterium tuberculosis
bacterium. Hence, the constituent enzymes are potentially very interesting drug targets in the ongoing fight against diseases, whose treatment has been complicated by the emergence of multi-drug resistance. After a short description of the biosynthetic pathway, an overview will be given on
the known inhibitors of the individual enzymes.
Vibrational Predissociation in Hydrogen Bonded Dimers: The Case of (HF)2 and its Isotopomers
Authors: Manca Carine , Quack Martin , Willeke Martin
Published: May 2008

We use the dimer (HF???HF) as a model system to understand the dynamics in hydrogen-bonded systems. This particularly simple system has been widely used both in experimental and theoretical studies. Here we focus on the remarkable mode selectivity in vibrational predissociation
processes which occur on time scales of picoseconds to nanoseconds. We have performed classical molecular dynamics (MD) calculations on the six-dimensional SO-3 potential energy surface (PES) of (HF)2[1] to estimate absorption spectra and predissociation lifetimes ?PD
for various initial vibrational excitations involving HF stretching. Our calculations can qualitatively reproduce the mode selectivity in ?PD observed experimentally: Excitations involving the 'hydrogen-bonded' HF stretching mode give rise to shorter ?PD than
those involving the 'free' HF stretching mode. Besides results concerning the HF dimer, this study offers the opportunity to check to what extent classical MD calculations on an accurate and realistic potential are suitable to study dynamical properties in such a molecular system.
Microchip Isoelectric Focusing Applications
Authors: Vlčková Markéta , Schwarz Maria A.
Published: May 2008

This review summarizes all available publications on isoelectric focusing carried out on planar microfabricated devices. Characteristic features of microchip isoelectric focusing (MC-IEF), such as resolution independence of separation length and compression of pH gradient, are discussed.
An overview of materials used for microchip fabrication and developed detection strategies is given. Accomplishments in on-chip coupling of MC-IEF with other electrophoretic separation techniques or with mass spectrometry are briefly described. The review ends with alternative approaches to
MC-IEF separation in terms of unusual sample introduction, kinds of support used for IEF separation, and in manner in which the pH gradient is generated.
Ab Initio Study of Some Persistent Nitroxide Radicals
Authors: Horný L'uboš , Mariotti Fabio , Quack Martin
Published: May 2008

Stable free radicals have a variety of applications. Particularly, the aminoxyl group is frequently used in spin-labeling experiments. Nitroxides may also exhibit intriguing chiral and magnetic properties, and can be of interest for studies of molecular parity violation. We present
results for three different groups of persistent nitroxide radicals: i) acyclic: dimethylaminoxyl (Me2NO), bis(trifluoromethyl)aminoxyl (CF3)2NO, and di-tert-butyl nitroxyl [(Me3C)2NO]; ii) cyclic: aziridine-N-oxyl, azetidine-N-oxyl,
pyrrolidine-N-oxyl and piperidine-N-oxyl; and iii) imino nitroxides. We used density functional and ab initio (MP2, coupled cluster) methods to obtain insight into the underlying chemistry. The molecular structures, harmonic vibrational frequencies, inversion barriers, and hyperfine
coupling constants are reported. The cyclic aziridine-N-oxyl exhibits a considerable inversion barrier of ?hc 3500 cm–1 compared to only ?hc 500 cm–1 for the other examples. Stable imino nitroxides are theoretically characterized for the first time
in our work. We discuss the possibilities that some of the chiral derivatives may be dominated by molecular parity violation in their dynamics.
Recent Advances in Electrophilic CF3-Transfer Using Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents
Authors: Kieltsch Iris , Eisenberger Patrick , Stanek Kyrill , Togni Antonio
Published: May 2008

The development of new methodologies for an efficient introduction of CF3 groups into complex molecules constitutes one of the most challenging tasks of modern organic chemistry. Recently, we reported the access to a new class of electrophilic CF3-transfer reagents
based on hypervalent iodine. The versatile application of these reagents to C-centred nucleophiles, such as ?-keto esters, silyl enol ethers and ?-nitro esters, as well as to thiols and primary and secondary phosphines is described. Experiments with phenols afforded corresponding
trifluomethylethers in very low yields.