bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of ring‐opening polymerization of l‐lactide by lanthanide aryloxide: A theoretical study on the effect of the aryloxide ligands on the process
Authors: Meelua Wijitra , Wanjai Tanchanok , Chokbunpiam Tatiya , Jitonnom Jitrayut
Published: April 2023

A detailed mechanistic study of ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of l‐lactide by a lanthanum aryloxide complex, La(OTMP)3 (−OTMP = 2,4,6‐trimethylphenolate), is carried out using DFT theoretical calculations. Both initiation and propagation steps were considered. The calculations reveal the two‐step coordination‐insertion mechanism, proceeding via an unprecedented lanthanum π‐arene intermediate, with the selective acyl‐oxygen bond scission of the monomer. The first step of phenolate insertion into the La − O bond of the initiator is rate‐limiting, and the bulkiness of the aryloxide ligand initiates the ROP slowly with the activation energy of 19.3 kcal mol−1, in consistent with the activation energy (15 kcal mol−1) obtained with previous kinetic experiment. Furthermore, a rationale for the broadening of molecular weight distribution reported in this initiating system is also provided.
Bias‐Field Tunable Magnon‐Magnon Coupling in Ni80Fe20 Nanocross Array
Authors: Pal Pratap Kumar , Majumder Sudip , Otani YoshiChika , Barman Anjan
Published: April 2023

Hybrid dynamical systems have gained a huge momentum not only due to their exotic physical properties but also their compelling engineering standpoint, particularly owing to their potential for coherent information processing. Remarkably, magnon–magnon coupling is experimentally identified in Ni80Fe20 nanocross array with the number of spins reaching a very low value of ≈1012. Moreover, the coupling strength is effectively tuned via different external parameters, viz. microwave excitation power and the bias‐field orientation. Extensive simulations reveal that both the static and dynamical dipolar coupling contribute to the observed anticrossing phenomenon. Simultaneously, mode‐softening of spin wave tunable by subtle changes of bias‐field orientation is also observed. The findings can greatly enrich various hybrid phenomena with a magnonic platform.
Failing to attain sustainable development in Bangladesh: A potential comprehensive strategy for sustainability
Authors: Kaiser Z. R. M. Abdullah
Published: April 2023

The study analyzes the underlying reasons and ensuing consequences of Chattogram city's development in Bangladesh, which diverges from the principles of sustainable development. This research employs mixed‐method approaches incorporating primary data to achieve its objectives. The primary data is based on a survey, interview, the author's experience, and participatory observation in Chattogram city. Furthermore, it critically examines the existing literature to develop a theoretical understanding of Chattogram city's sustainable development and its sustainable environmental nexus. The results indicate that the expansion of Chattogram city's urbanization and industrialization is proceeding at a rapid pace; however, it is occurring in an uncoordinated and unsustainable manner that neglects environmental protection. Consequently, the city's development falls short of aligning with environmental sustainability and is liable to induce negative ramifications on the environment, human health, biodiversity, and climate. The study pinpoints several factors contributing to environmental degradation, including environmental mismanagement, non‐existence of a master plan, environmental illiteracy, absence of carbon emission objectives, and haphazard industrialization and urbanization. Importantly, the issue has been exacerbated due to the inadequate focus on sustainability in the developmental process. Therefore, the findings of this research indicate that a sustainable development perspective is required to comprehend and address the issue of environmental degradation in Chattogram city. In addition, the comprehensive sustainable development strategy and policy recommendations proposed in this study are likely to be efficacious in curbing environmental degradation in Chattogram and other developing cities.
Psychological interventions for healthcare professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review
Authors: Varela Carmen , Montero Mikel , Serrano‐Ibáñez Elena R. , de la Vega Ariadna , Pulido M. Almudena Gómez
Published: April 2023

Healthcare professionals were especially vulnerable to pandemic, both to become infected and to develop a psychological problem. The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the effectiveness of psychological interventions for healthcare professionals in reducing the experienced psychological impact. From the 405 identified studies, 10 were included in this review. Four databases were searched and the risk of bias of included studies was assessed. The studies considered were randomized controlled trials. The screening and selection process was conducted by two independent reviewers. All studies presented results related with depression, anxiety, and stress during pandemic. Six were delivered using new technologies. The most effective were two psychological interventions with frequent contact and feedback provided by a mental health professional. The psychological interventions compared with non‐intervention groups presented more significant results than those compared with another intervention. The highlights of this systematic review were the urgency of designing effectiveness psychological interventions for healthcare professionals to reduce the emotional burden associate with this job. These interventions should be maintained over the time, supported by a professional and provided from the workplace. These proposals presented promising results but were more psychological resources than psychological interventions.
TP53 mutation‐related senescence is an indicator of hepatocellular carcinoma patient outcomes from multiomics profiles
Authors: Chen Yu‐Yan , Zhu Zheng‐Yi , Ma Tao , Zhang Lu , Chen Jing , Jiang Jia‐Wei , Lu Cui‐Hua , Ding Yi‐Tao , Guan Wen‐Xian , Yi Nan , Ren Hao‐Zhen
Published: April 2023

TP53 mutation frequently occurs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Senescence also plays a vital role in the ongoing process of HCC. P53 is believed to regulate the advancement of senescence in HCC. However, the exact mechanism of TP53 mutation‐related senescence remains unclear. In this study, we found the TP53 mutation was positively correlated with senescence in HCC, and the differential expressed genes were primarily located in macrophages. Our results proved that the risk score could have an independent and vital role in predicting the prognosis of HCC patients. In addition, HCC patients with a high risk score may most probably benefit from immune checkpoint block therapy. We also found the risk score is elevated in chemotherapy‐treated HCC samples, with a high level of senescence‐associated secretory phenotype. Finally, we validated the risk‐score genes in the protein level and noticed the risk score is positively related with M2 polarization. Of note, we considered that the risk score under the TP53 mutation and senescence is a promising biomarker with the potential to aid in predicting prognosis, defining tumor environment characteristics, and assessing the benefits of immunotherapy for HCC patients.
Neutral Magic‐Angle Bilayer Graphene: Condon Instability and Chiral Resonances
Authors: Stauber Tobias , Wackerl Martin , Wenk Paul , Margetis Dionisios , González José , Gómez-Santos Guillermo , Schliemann John
Published: April 2023

The full optical response of twisted bilayer graphene at the neutrality point close to the magic angle within the continuum model (CM) is discussed. First, three different channels consistent with the underlying symmetry are identified, yielding the total, magnetic, and chiral response. Second, the full optical response in the immediate vicinity of the magic angle is numerically calculated, which provides a direct mapping of the CM onto an effective two‐band model. It is, further, shown that the ground state of the CM in the immediate vicinity of is unstable toward transverse current fluctuations, a so‐called Condon instability. Third, due to the large counterflow, the acoustic plasmonic excitations with typical wave numbers have larger energies than the optical ones and their energy density may be largely enhanced at certain frequencies which are denominated as chiral resonances. Finally, symmetry relations for the optical response and their consequences for the chiral response are discussed.
Synthesis of LiTiO2 Nanocrystals/Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Composite Hosts for High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Changyao , Zhang Wei , Liu Mengmeng , Duan Linlin , Ma Bing , Zhang Xingmiao , Li Wei
Published: April 2023

Metal oxide nanocrystals/mesoporous carbon composite materials are promising in the energy storage field. However, the construction of stoichiometric ternary nanocrystals‐functionalized mesoporous carbon materials remains a great challenge. Herein, the synthesis of ultradispersed and ultrasmall LiTiO2 nanocrystals/ordered mesoporous carbon composites via a chelation‐mediated multicomponent coassembly strategy is reported. In this case, the self‐assembly into ordered mesostructures and the crystallization of nanoparticle processes can be decoupled by the molecular chelate strategy where citrate ligands can effectively inhibit the hydrolysis and phase separation of metal oxide precursors and confine the crystallization into nanocrystals without aggregation. The obtained 33%‐LiTiO2–OMC composites present a high specific surface area (≈912 m2 g−1), a large pore volume (≈0.62 cm3 g−1), a uniform pore size (≈4.1 nm), and ultradispersed LiTiO2 nanocrystals (≈3 nm). When loading 60% sulfur, the composites exhibit a high reversible capacity (966 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.5C), an excellent rate capacity (700 mAh g−1 at 5C), and a long‐term cycling performance (63% retention after 1000 cycles at 5C). This method is very simple and reproducible, which paves a new way for the design and synthesis of functional mesoporous materials.
Nanodiamonds as Charge Extraction Layer in Organic Solar Cells: The Impact of the Nanodiamond Surface Chemistry
Authors: Sokeng Djoumessi Aurelien , Sichwardt Anastasia , Miliaieva Daria , Čermák Jan , Schaal Maximilian , Otto Felix , Stehlík Štěpán , Kuliček Jaroslav , Nádaždy Vojtech , Fritz Torsten , Kromka Alexander , Rezek Bohuslav , Schubert Ulrich S. , Hoppe Harald
Published: April 2023

Diamond nanoparticles so‐called nanodiamonds (NDs) have recently experienced raising scientific interest due to interesting optical and electronic properties, nontoxicity, biocompatibility, and large surface area. Another significant feature of NDs is the versatility of the surface chemistry, where various functional groups can be attached. This provides an excellent platform for adjusting NDs properties and functions for many applications including in photovoltaic devices. Herein, high‐pressure high‐temperature (HPHT) NDs are tested as charge extraction material in organic solar cells using various surface chemistries: as‐received (HPHT ND‐ar), oxidized (HPHT ND‐O), and hydrogenated (HPHT ND‐O‐H) NDs. Despite the high work function values (≈5.3 eV) of HPHT ND‐ar and HPHT ND‐O, which make these materials normally suitable for hole extraction, devices made with them failed. In contrast, the work function decreases upon hydrogenation (≈4.5 eV) of the beforehand oxidized NDs, making them interesting for electron extraction. By employing such HPHT ND‐O‐H for electron extraction layers, PBDB‐T:ITIC‐based devices reach 77%, while PM6:Y6‐based devices reach even 85% of the performance when process on standard ZnO electron transport layers. Improvement of the film‐forming qualities of this new electron extraction material is expected to further improve the performance.
High‐dose synthetic phenolic antioxidant propyl gallate impairs mouse oocyte meiotic maturation through inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage
Authors: Yang Sheng‐Ji , Wang Yong‐Sheng , Zhang Li‐Dan , Ding Zhi‐Ming , Zhou Xu , Duan Ze‐Qun , Liu Ming , Liang Ai‐Xin , Huo Li‐Jun
Published: April 2023

Propyl gallate (PG) is one of the most widely used antioxidants in food products, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. Increased research has suggested that exposure to PG influences reproductive health in humans and animals. However, until now, it has not yet been confirmed whether PG would impact oocyte quality. In this study, the hazardous effects of PG on oocyte meiotic maturation were investigated in mice. The findings showed that PG exposure compromises oocyte meiosis by inducing mitochondrial stress which activates apoptosis to trigger oocyte demise. Moreover, DNA damage was significantly induced in PG‐treated oocytes, which might be another cause of oocyte developmental arrest and degeneration. Besides, the level of histone methylation (H3K27me2 and H3K27me3) in oocyte was also significantly increased by PG exposure. Furthermore, PG‐induced oxidative stress was validated by the increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which might be the underlying reason for these abnormities. In conclusion, the foregoing findings suggested that PG exposure impaired oocyte meiotic maturation by yielding mitochondrial stress to activate apoptosis, inducing DNA damage and oxidative stress, and altering histone methylation level.
Convective heat transfer performance of MHD nanofluid flow with temperature dependent viscosity over stretching surface
Authors: Farooq Umer , Akhtar Kalsoom , Abbasi Mehwish Mushtaq , Hussain Muzamil , Aldandani Mohammed
Published: April 2023

Nanofluids with variable viscosity have shown tremendous potential in the thermal optimization of many industrial systems. They have seen substantial development in energy applications in recent years. Motivated by these considerations, an analysis has been carried out to investigate the nanofluid flow with temperature dependent viscosity and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) over a stretched surface. Moreover, heat transfer has effectuated for propylene glycol (C3H8O2) based fluid with nanoparticles silicon dioxide (SiO2), and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), by heat dissipation and internal heat source/sink. The governing model comprises of non‐linear partial differential system (PDE). Suitable transformations are executed to convert the governing system into non‐similar dimensionless form. The transformed non‐similar PDEs are estimated by ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with the approximations of local non‐similarity (LNS) approach. Numerical simulations are performed using computational algorithm bvp4c. The key findings include that significance of distinct physical parameters on fluid flow and thermal transport which are revealed through graphs and tables. It is noted that by upsurging magnetic parameter, velocity of fluid reduces while temperature profile enhances. Moreover, velocity profile lessens by enlarging temperature dependent viscosity parameter. Enhancement in nanoparticles fraction upsurges the temperature and velocity profiles. Rising estimations of the Brinkman number, Biot number, and heat generation parameter uplift the temperature profile. Furthermore, a comparison is designed to check the accuracy of applied approach with existing literature. The range of various physical parameters are also calculated.
Inequality in Educational Transitions During Secondary School: Results from the German National Educational Panel Study
Authors: Wohlkinger Florian , Ditton Hartmut
Published: April 2023

The German educational system generally allows for transitions between different types of secondary school. This so called ‘openness’ is supposed to enable a correction of misallocated students and thereby respond appropriately to delays in the improvement of children’s academic performance. Both transition directions are feasible: downward movements from upper to lower types of secondary school and upward movements from lower to upper types of secondary school. This research aims to determine whether transitions in secondary schooling exhibit patterns of social selectivity. Using data from the National Educational Panel Study, we begin our analyses with an overview of the initial distribution of students over the different types of secondary school. Afterwards, we distinguish different transitions from different initial types of secondary school. We compare the various subgroups in terms of several factors that are well known to be related to educational inequalities. Results confirm that even after controlling for performance, transitions during secondary schooling are linked to students’ social background and gender.
Cytotoxicity of CD19-CAR-NK92 cells is primarily mediated via perforin/granzyme pathway
Authors: Althaus Jonas , Nilius-Eliliwi Verena , Maghnouj Abdelouahid , Döring Sascha , Schroers Roland , Hudecek Michael , Hahn Stephan A. , Mika Thomas
Published: April 2023

Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have improved cancer immunotherapy in recent years. Immune cells, such as Natural killer cells (NK-cells) or T cells, are used as effector cells in CAR-therapy. NK92-cells, a cell line with known cytotoxic activity, are of particular interest in CAR-therapy since culturing conditions are simple and anti-tumor efficacy combined with a manageable safety profile was proven in clinical trials. The major pathways of immune effector cells, including NK92-cells, to mediate cytotoxicity, are the perforin/granzyme and the death-receptor pathway. Detailed knowledge of CAR-effector cells’ cytotoxic mechanisms is essential to unravel resistance mechanisms, which potentially arise by resistance against apoptosis-inducing signaling. Since mutations in apoptosis pathways are frequent in lymphoma, the impact on CAR-mediated cytotoxicity is of clinical interest. In this study, knockout models of CD19-CAR-NK92 cells were designed, to investigate cytotoxic pathways in vitro. Knockout of perforin 1 (Prf1) and subsequent abrogation of the perforin/granzyme pathway dramatically reduced the cytotoxicity of CD19-CAR-NK92 cells. In contrast, knockout of FasL and inhibition of TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligands) did not impair cytotoxicity in most conditions. In conclusion, these results indicate the perforin/granzyme pathway as the major pathway to mediate cytotoxicity in CD19-CAR-NK92 cells.
Hyper non-CG methylation of expanded plant disease resistance NLR genes
Authors: Cao Qianqian , Wang Shichao , Ma Huizhen , Luo Sha , He Hai , Zhang Yu
Published: April 2023

Key message

We explored the phylogenomics and methylomics of NLR genes in 41 plant species and found that highly duplicated plant NLR genes are hyper methylated in non-CG context.
The influence of interradicular anatomy on the predictability of periodontal regenerative therapy of furcation defects: a retrospective, multicenter clinical study
Authors: Limiroli Enrico , Calò Andrea , Cortellini Pierpaolo , Eickholz Peter , Katayama Akihiko , Majzoub Jad , Wong Jennifer , McClain Pamela , Cortinovis Ivan , Rasperini Giulio
Published: April 2023

Background

The relationship between the anatomy of the interradicular space and success in regenerative therapy of furcation defects is discussed in this paper. The goal of this retrospective, multicenter clinical study is to clinically evaluate the relationship between the interradicular conformation and regenerative therapy success with the use of a novel measurement method.

Methods

One hundred thirty-eight radiographs of mandibular molars with furcation defects that had been treated with regenerative therapy were collected from six clinical centers. Data on the type of therapy and clinical parameters before and after treatment (follow-up of at least 12 months) were collected. The radiographs (before surgery and at least 12 months postoperatively) were measured with a visual evaluation method by a blind operator using graphics software.

Results

Success, defined as a reduction in horizontal and vertical furcation involvement, decrease in probing depths, and increase in clinical attachment level, was statistically assessed on 138 regenerated molars sites and were related to clinical variables such as age, sex, center, and treatment. No correlation was found between success in regenerative therapy and the conformation of the interradicular space, measured with a visual ratio method and a standard linear measurement.

At the univariate analysis, the parameters that had a correlation with success were center, extent of furcation involvement, treatment, and sex. The use of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) seemed to be the most favorable therapy, with increase in CAL gain and reduction of vertical or horizontal furcation involvement.

Conclusions

The regenerative outcome was not significantly influenced by the anatomy of furcation. The center, the degree of furcation involvement, sex, and treatment (EMD) were significantly associated with higher success of periodontal regeneration.
Microichthys grandis, a new species of deepwater cardinalfish from off Ireland, northeastern Atlantic Ocean (Teleostei: Epigonidae)
Authors: Fricke Ronald , Couperus Bram
Published: April 2023

Microichthys grandis n. sp. from off southwest Ireland, northeastern Atlantic Ocean, is described on the basis of a single specimen and compared with the other species of the genus. The new species is characterized by the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin rays VII–I, vii, 1; total pectoral-fin rays 18; total gill rakers 25; pyloric caeca 3; pored lateral-line scales 41 + 2; vomerine teeth 6, in a single row; denticles on posterior margin of preopercle 3, on lower margin 3; nape not humped; bony rim of orbit raised above dorsal profile; ridge present in interorbital region; lateral line gradually running towards midline of body, crossing last dark lateral bar above its centre; oblique dark lateral bars 20, lower counter-bars 12; vertical black bar on caudal peduncle present, together with another black bar below the end of the second dorsal fin; peritoneum silvery; pelvic fin short than head length; pelvic fins black. With 54.5 mm SL, this is the largest species of the genus. A revised key to the species of Microichthys is presented.
Modeling changes in ice dynamics and subsurface thermal structure in Lake Michigan-Huron between 1979 and 2021
Authors: Cannon David , Fujisaki-Manome Ayumi , Wang Jia , Kessler James , Chu Philip
Published: April 2023

The world’s largest lakes, including the Laurentian Great Lakes, have experienced significant surface warming and loss of ice cover over the last several decades. Although changing surface conditions have received substantial research interest, changes below the surface remain largely unexplored, despite their importance for turbulent mixing, nutrient cycling, and primary production. In this study, we investigate changes in subsurface thermal structure and timing in Lake Michigan-Huron related to ongoing climate warming. This work utilizes atmospheric reanalysis data to drive the Great Lakes Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (GL-FVCOM), providing three-dimensional hydrodynamic and ice simulations between 1979 and 2021. Results are used to analyze trends in ice and temperature dynamics, revealing significant changes in annually averaged ice cover (− 2.1– − 5.2%/decade), ice thickness (− 0.68 – − 2.0 cm/decade), surface temperature (+ 0.47– + 0.51 $$^\circ{\rm C}$$

∘

C

/decade), and bottom temperature (+ 0.26– + 0.29 $$^\circ{\rm C}$$

∘

C

/decade) over the last 40 years, especially in ecologically important bays (e.g., Green Bay, Saginaw Bay). Significant warming was observed at all depth layers (0–270 m), with warming trends in the epilimnion and hypolimnion that agreed well with recent analysis of observational data in Lake Michigan. Shifting stratification dynamics led to dramatic changes in modelled overturning behavior, and earlier spring turnover dates (− 2.2– − 7.5 days/decade) and later fall turnover dates (+ 2.5– + 6.3 days/decade) led to a net lengthening of the stratified period. This study presents one of the most comprehensive analyses of changes in Great Lakes subsurface temperatures to date, providing important context for future climate modelling and coastal management efforts in the region.
A multi-dimensional non-homogeneous Markov chain of order K to jointly study multi-pollutant exceedances
Authors: Gallegos-Herrada Marco A. , Rodrigues Eliane R. , Tarumoto Mario H. , Tzintzun Guadalupe
Published: April 2023

In this work we consider a multivariate non-homogeneous Markov chain of order $$K \ge 0$$

K
≥
0

to study the occurrences of exceedances of environmental thresholds. In the model, $$d \ge 1$$

d
≥
1

pollutants may be observed and, according to their respective environmental thresholds, a pollutant’s concentration measurement may be considered an exceedance or not. The parameters of the model are the order of the chain, and its initial and transition distributions. These parameters are estimated under the Bayesian point of view with the maximum a posteriori and leave-one-out cross validation methods used to estimate the order. In the case of the initial and transition probabilities, the estimation is made through samples generated using their respective posterior distributions. Once these parameters are obtained, we may estimate the probability of having no, one or more pollutants exceeding the associated environmental thresholds. This is made using the Markov property as well as a recurrence formula. Results are applied to the case where $$d = 2$$

d
=
2

which will correspond to ozone and particulate matter with diameter smaller than 10 microns (PM$$_{10}$$

10

) measurements obtained from the Mexico City monitoring network.
Assessing Restricted and Repetitive Behaviours in Online-Sampled Autistic and Non-autistic Individuals: Factor Structure of the Repetitive Behaviours Questionnaire for Adults (RBQ-2A)
Authors: Brett Jack D. , Peden Brooke , Preece David A. , Whitehouse Andrew , Becerra Rodrigo , Maybery Murray T.
Published: April 2023

The Repetitive Behaviours Questionnaire for Adults (RBQ-2A) measures two factors of restricted and repetitive behaviours (RRBs) associated with autism. However, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) provides four criteria for RRBs: repetitive motor behaviours, insistence on sameness, restricted interests, and interest in sensory aspects of the environment (or atypical sensitivity). The current paper aimed to examine whether the RBQ-2A is a psychometrically sound measure of these four factors. Study 1 had university students (N = 368) complete the RBQ-2A and other related measures online and revealed that the RBQ-2A can assess the factors highlighted in the DSM-5 and that these four factors comprise a general RRB construct. Study 2 had individuals disclosing a diagnosis of autism (N = 283) complete the RBQ-2A and other related measures online and supported that this four-factor structure provided good psychometric properties. While the current paper provides findings for an online autistic population, further research is needed to generalize these findings to autistic individuals less likely to partake in online studies (e.g., those with intellectual or language disabilities). Overall, the results suggest that the RBQ-2A reliably and validly assesses RRBs.
Erfahrungswissen in der Pflege – Chancen partizipativer Aktionsforschung und diskriminierungssensibler Technikentwicklung
Authors: Richter Caroline , Draude Claude
Published: April 2023

Im Umgang mit den Herausforderungen durch fortschreitende Digitalisierung in der Pflege stellt das Erfahrungswissen von Pflegenden und Pflegebedürftigen eine bedeutsame immaterielle Ressource dar. Sie müssen in ihrem Alltag mit der Beherrschung von Komplexität und Handhabung von Unwägbarkeiten umgehen und können als Praxis‑, Nutzungs- und Bedarfsspezialist*innen die Anforderungen an Zugang, Nutzung und Gestaltung von Technologien am besten einschätzen.

Trotzdem bestehen zwischen Pflegepraxis und Forschung der Pflegewissenschaft Lücken und es gelingt oft nicht, die Ergebnisse von Forschung und Entwicklung in der Pflege erfolgversprechend mit der pflegerischen Alltagspraxis zu verbinden und Ergebnisse zu überführen. Einen wichtigen Grund sehen wir in der fehlenden Multiperspektivität und Partizipation von Forschung und Entwicklung, deren Prozesse häufig von der sozialen Praxis der Akteur*innen (Pflegenden und Pflegebedürftigen) entkoppelt sind. Dieser von uns konstatierte Vermittlungsbedarf kann sich durch Digitalisierungsprozesse verschärfen, wenn Praxiswissen nicht in die Gestaltung einfließt; wird Praxiswissen jedoch soziotechnisch geleitet einbezogen, entsteht zugleich eine Chance, die Position und Gestaltungsmacht von Pflegenden und Pflegebedürftigen aufzuwerten.

Das „Gender Extended Research and Development Model“ (GERD-Modell) stellt Übersetzungswissen bereit, welches intersektionale Geschlechterforschung mit Informatikforschung und -entwicklung verschränkt. Das Modell rekonfiguriert Technikentwicklung als soziotechnisch und zielt auf Diskriminierungsfreiheit, Emanzipation und breite gesellschaftliche Partizipation bei Digitalisierungsprozessen ab. In diesem konzeptionell angelegten Beitrag diskutieren wir am Beispiel des GERD-Modells in der Nutzung für die Pflege den Mehrwert, aber auch Herausforderungen soziotechnischer Perspektiven.
Validation of a rapid analysis to determine sodium chloride levels in canned tomatoes
Authors: Dini Irene , Di Lorenzo Ritamaria , Senatore Antonello , Coppola Daniele , Laneri Sonia , Mancusi Andrea
Published: April 2023

The EU food safety policy aims to ensure a high level of safety at all stages of the production and distribution of food products marketed in the ‘EU, whether produced within the Union or imported from third countries. Sodium chloride, nitric acid, and calcium chloride are the only additives allowed in the production of canned tomatoes. NaCl is a dehydrating agent. Its level must not exceed 3% in canned tomatoes. In official analyses, the Volhard test is employed to measure its levels. Unfortunately, this method is very laborious and does not allow the daily analysis of many samples. In this work, to meet the needs of commodity laboratories, which have to analyze many samples daily, an automated colorimetric test that can determine sodium chloride in canned tomatoes was validated in terms of linearity, the limit of detection and quantification, measured range, accuracy, precision, and recovery. The automatized colorimetric method showed precision, accuracy, and recovery (≥ 95%) statistically equivalent to the Vohlard test. Therefore, it can use for the routine analysis of chlorides in canned tomatoes streamlining analytical laboratories’ work.
Nanotechnologische Pflanzenviren
Authors: Kauth Louisa , Dickmeis Christina , Schuphan Juliane
Published: April 2023

Plant virus nanoparticles (VNPs) have advantages for applications in biomedicine and materials science due to their safety, biocompatibility and versatility. They are used to display functional amino acids or small peptides via coat protein fusions, but assembly of VNPs is strongly influenced by certain modifications. These limitations can be circumvented byplug-and-displaysystems. Combination with optogenetic proteins allows the design of VNP shuttles for spatially directed distribution of proteins.
On the spectrum of isomorphisms defined on the space of smooth functions which are flat at 0
Authors: Jordá Enrique
Published: April 2023

In this note we study the spectrum and the Waelbroeck spectrum of the derivative operator composed with isomorphic multiplication operators defined in the space of smooth functions in [0, 1] which are flat at 0.
Antimicrobial study and biosorption of Pb2+ ions onto chitosan-walnut composites: mechanistic studies and neuro-fuzzy modeling approach
Authors: Bamisaye Abayomi , Adesina Morenike O. , Alfred Moses O. , Idowu Mopelola Abidemi , Adeleke Oluwatobi , Adegoke Kayode Adesina
Published: April 2023

The upsurge in the discharge of lead ions (Pb2+) into the environs resulting from various anthropogenic activities vis-vis its adverse effect on public health is a call for great concern. However, the adsorption technique, amongst other heavy metal removal methods, is regarded as the most promising. The present study synthesized a walnut shell-chitosan composite (WNS-CH) as an efficient biosorbent for Pb2+ uptake and biofilter of Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. WNS-CH was characterized using SEM and FTIR. Furthermore, an intelligent and cost-effective machine learning model, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy model clustered with the grid-partitioning (GP), and fuzzy c-means (FCM) technique were developed to predict the adsorption of Pb2+ based on relevant input parameters. The batch adsorption was carried out by varying operating parameters such as contact time, temperature, pH, adsorbent dose, and initial adsorbate concentration. The SEM images of WNS-CH showed a homogenous regular hollow ellipsoidal morphologies, while FTIR spectra showed the presence of O-H, N-H, C-N, and C-O. Under the conditions of initial pH 10, dosage 45 mg, and temperature of 40 °C, an adsorption efficiency of 94 % was obtained. The thermodynamic parameters, ∆H° and ∆G°, showed an endothermic and spontaneous process for Pb2+ uptake. Antibacterial activities of the WNS-CH composite showed bioactivity against Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae with a mean ZI of 5.3±1.16 and 6.0 ±1.00, respectively. The experimental data was best described by Freundlich isotherm (R2= 0.9509) and pseudo-first-order kinetic (R2= 0.9674) models indicating chemisorption and multilayer adsorption process. The best prediction of Pb2+ adsorption was obtained with the optimal GP-clustered ANFIS model using a triangular membership function (triMF), giving Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and correlation determination (R1) values of 1.217, 0.563, 1.698, and 0.9966 respectively at the testing phase. The GP-ANFIS model shows good agreement with experimental results. This study revealed that WNS-CH composite could be regarded as a promising biosorbent for the remediation of Pb2+-polluted wastewater. The cost analysis demonstrated that the WNS-CH composite could serve as an alternative to commercial activated carbon.
Cortical representation of musical pitch in event-related potentials
Authors: Kim Taehyoung , Chung Miyoung , Jeong Eunju , Cho Yang Seok , Kwon Oh-Sang , Kim Sung-Phil
Published: April 2023

Neural coding of auditory stimulus frequency is well-documented; however, the cortical signals and perceptual correlates of pitch have not yet been comprehensively investigated. This study examined the temporal patterns of event-related potentials (ERP) in response to single tones of pitch chroma, with an assumption that these patterns would be more prominent in musically-trained individuals than in non-musically-trained individuals. Participants with and without musical training (N = 20) were presented with seven notes on the C major scale (C4, D4, E4, F4, G4, A4, and B4), and whole-brain activities were recorded. A linear regression analysis between the ERP amplitude and the seven notes showed that the ERP amplitude increased or decreased as the frequency of the pitch increased. Remarkably, these linear correlations were anti-symmetric between the hemispheres. Specifically, we found that ERP amplitudes of the left and right frontotemporal areas decreased and increased, respectively, as the pitch frequency increased. Although linear slopes were significant in both groups, the musically-trained group exhibited marginally steeper slope, and their ERP amplitudes were most discriminant for frequency of tone of pitch at earlier latency than in the non-musically-trained group (~ 460 ms vs ~ 630 ms after stimulus onset). Thus, the ERP amplitudes in frontotemporal areas varied according to the pitch frequency, with the musically-trained participants demonstrating a wider range of amplitudes and inter-hemispheric anti-symmetric patterns. Our findings may provide new insights on cortical processing of musical pitch, revealing anti-symmetric processing of musical pitch between hemispheres, which appears to be more pronounced in musically-trained people.
Manufacturing Flexibility through Industry 4.0 Technological Concepts—Impact and Assessment
Authors: Höse Kristina , Amaral Afonso , Götze Uwe , Peças Paulo
Published: April 2023

There is an ever-growing need for companies and manufacturing systems to be flexible in order for them to adapt to the rapid changes and increasing uncertainty in society, markets, and supply chains. Several studies suggest that Industry 4.0 solutions foster shorter innovation/development cycles, resource efficiency, individualization on demand, faster decision making, and, finally, higher flexibility in production. However, little is still known about the relationship between Industry 4.0 and manufacturing flexibility. One of the existing gaps in the literature is the lack of a methodology to assess the potential impact of Industry 4.0 solutions on manufacturing flexibility and companies’ profitability. This paper contributes to closing such a gap from a theoretical perspective. First, it conceptualized the role of flexibility in manufacturing systems. Then, the relationship between Industry 4.0 solutions and manufacturing flexibility was analyzed on a conceptual level, in which the I–T–O model was used to distinguish between the needed and available flexibility. Lastly, based on a decision-theory-based procedure model, a methodological approach for evaluating Industry 4.0 solutions is suggested. This methodological approach is intended to support transparent assessments tailored to different technological concepts as well as the affected types of flexibility (available and needed). It is able to integrate existing methods from decision and investment appraisal theory as well as specific flexibility-related approaches. The results of the paper will be useful for both academicians and practitioners. Besides enabling quantitative evaluations, the methodological approach can be used by companies as a structured path to explore the possible ways they can increase their manufacturing flexibility.
Association between maxillary canine impaction and other dental anomalies: radiological study of a mixed dentition children’s cohort from an orthodontic clinic
Authors: Kolokitha O.-E. , Balli D. , Zarkadi A.-E. , Gizani S.
Published: April 2023

Purpose

To investigate the significance of association between maxillary impacted canines and various dental anomalies.

Methods

Files of 874 orthodontic patients were evaluated for the presence of maxillary impacted canines. From this sample, a group of 97 patients (39 males and 58 females) with at least 1 impacted maxillary canine consisted the study group. This group was compared to a control group of 97 patients (42 males and 55 females) that was created by random selection from the initial sample without maxillary canine impaction. The impaction diagnosis was made from the panoramic radiographs. Chi-square test was used to perform the analysis for significant associations. Stepwise discriminant analysis, binary logistic regression and classification tree were used to identify best combinations.

Results

Statistically significant difference was found for peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors and infraoccluded deciduous molars. The presence of peg-shaped upper lateral incisors arises the probability of impacted canine to 83.3%, a distal displaced unerupted second premolar to 63.16% and the impaction of any other teeth to 80% as showed by the classification tree.

Conclusions

The presence of peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors and infraocclusion of deciduous molars can be considered major valuable early risk indicators for maxillary canine impaction, because they manifest before the maxillary canine eruption. Special consideration should be given on distal displaced unerupted second premolar and the impaction of any other teeth. Patients with these dental anomalies are candidates for future interceptive treatment for canine eruption.
The Contribution of the Psychologist in the Assessment and Treatment of Fibromyalgia
Authors: Luciano Juan V. , Neblett Randy , Peñacoba Cecilia , Suso-Ribera Carlos , McCracken Lance M.
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review

This review focuses on the role of psychologists in the assessment and treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), a highly prevalent condition characterized by chronic widespread pain, fatigue, cognitive problems, distress, and disability.

Recent findings

A large body of work supports the effectiveness and cost-utility of psychological therapies for the improvement of a wide range of symptoms associated with FMS. However, patients with FMS are best assessed and treated by a multidisciplinary team, in which psychologists have an important role. Multidisciplinary treatment, in which each healthcare professional offers his or her own expertise to the patient, has been shown to produce more ubiquitous treatment effects for this complex syndrome than single discipline treatments. Considering the empirical evidence and documented experience of patients, people with FMS can benefit from integrated care, combining education, exercise, and psychotherapeutic approaches, including cognitive-behavioral therapy.

There has been a call for more health economics research to demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of psychological therapies. In this paper, we highlight the added value of psychologists as members of multidisciplinary treatment teams, who can assess and treat the maladaptive cognitive, emotional, and behavioral symptoms that are commonly seen in individuals with FMS.
Count Regression and Machine Learning Techniques for Zero-Inflated Overdispersed Count Data: Application to Ecological Data
Authors: Sidumo Bonelwa , Sonono Energy , Takaidza Isaac
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study is to investigate the overdispersion problem that is rampant in ecological count data. In order to explore this problem, we consider the most commonly used count regression models: the Poisson, the negative binomial, the zero-inflated Poisson and the zero-inflated negative binomial models. The performance of these count regression models is compared with the four proposed machine learning (ML) regression techniques: random forests, support vector machines, $$k-$$

k
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nearest neighbors and artificial neural networks. The mean absolute error was used to compare the performance of count regression models and ML regression models. The results suggest that ML regression models perform better compared to count regression models. The performance shown by ML regression techniques is a motivation for further research in improving methods and applications in ecological studies.
Contribution of moral case deliberations to the Moral Craftmanship of prison staff: A quantitative analysis
Authors: Huysentruyt Marie , Schaap A. I. , Stolper M. M. , Snijdewind M. , de Vet H. C. W. , Molewijk A. C.
Published: April 2023

This study explores the impact of participation in a series of moral case deliberations (MCD) on the moral craftsmanship (MCS) of Dutch prison staff. Between 2017–2020, ten MCDs per team were implemented in three prisons (i.e., intervention group). In three other prisons (i.e., control group) no MCDs were implemented. We compared the intervention and control group using a self-developed questionnaire, administered before (pre-measurement) and after the series of MCDs (post-measurement).

Results

After the MCDs, participants scored significantly higher on 7 of the 70 items related to MCS. On some items there were significant impact differences between the various professional disciplines.

Discussion

Possible explanations for a relatively low impact are discussed. A shorter and validated questionnaire is needed in order to further study the MCS of professionals and the impact of Ethics Support Services (ESS).

Conclusions

There was a positive development on some elements of MCS after participation in a series of MCDs.
Implementation and Effects of the Broad-Minded Affective Coping (BMAC) Technique: a Pilot Study
Authors: Miguel-Alvaro Alejandro , Gómez-Gutiérrez M. Mar , Hornillos Carlos , Hernández-Lloreda M. José , Crespo María
Published: April 2023

This study aims to develop and test a 3-session version of the Broad-Minded Affective Coping (BMAC) technique and to explore the relationship between implementation (features of the positive memory evoked, satisfaction, and engagement) and outcome. The BMAC was delivered to 31 female university students in three sessions over 7–10 days. Positive and negative affect, and difficulties in regulation of negative and positive emotions were assessed pre-treatment and post-treatment. The intervention resulted in a significant reduction in negative affect and in difficulties in negative emotion regulation. No significant effects were found on positive affect or on difficulties in positive emotion regulation. Moreover, the memories chosen were found to be highly central, and patient and therapist levels of satisfaction and engagement in the technique were very high throughout the three sessions. No significant relationships were found between implementation and outcome. This leads to the conclusion that the technique may be suitable for inclusion in broader treatment packages.
Frailty level at discharge predicts mortality in older patients with Clostridioides difficile more accurately than age or disease severity
Authors: Rubak Tone , Baunwall Simon Mark Dahl , Gregersen Merete , Hansen Troels Kjærskov , Rosenbæk Jeppe Bakkestrøm , Erikstrup Lise Tornvig , Hvas Christian Lodberg , Damsgaard Else Marie Skjøde
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Clostridioides difficileinfection (CDI) has a high mortality among older patients. Identification of older patients with CDI in increased mortality risk is important to target treatment and thereby reduce mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate mortality rates and compare frailty levels at discharge, measured by the record-based Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI), with age and severity of CDI as mortality predictors in patients with CDI diagnosed during hospitalisation.

Methods

This was a population-based cohort study from Central Denmark Region, Denmark, including all patients  ≥ 60 years with a positive CD toxin test without prior infection and diagnosed from 1 January to 31 December 2018. Frailty level, estimated from the electronic medical record, was defined as low, moderate, or severe frailty. CDI severity was graded according to international guidelines. Primary outcome was 90-day mortality.

Results

We included 457 patients with median age 77 years (interquartile range 69–84) and females (49%). Overall, 90-day mortality was 28%, and this was associated with age (hazard ratio (HR): 2.71 (95% confidence interval 1.64–4.47)), CDI severity (HR 4.58 (3.04–6.88)) and frailty (HR 10.15 (4.06–25.36)). Frailty was a better predictor of 90-day mortality than both age (p < 0.001) and CDI severity (p = 0.04) with a receiver operating characteristic curve area of 77%.

Conclusion

The 90-day mortality among older patients with CDI in a Danish region is 28%. Frailty measured by record-based MPI at discharge outperforms age and disease severity markers in predicting mortality in older patients with CDI.