bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Principled Explanations for Robust Redistributive Decisions
Authors: Willot Hénoïk , Belahcene Khaled , Destercke Sébastien
Published: October 2024

Ordered weighted averaging (OWA) functions, a.k.a. Generalised Gini Index, are routinely used to obtain fair solutions. However, while they ensure some level of fairness in the result, two remaining questions are why they recommend a given alternative, and how robust is this recommendation. We bring practical and theoretically grounded solutions to these questions, by providing an explanation engine for robust OWA that consists in a normative transitive chain of self-evident arguments, themselves based on the normative properties of the model. We provide a thorough theoretical study of the engine, showing that it is sound and complete with respect to the model, with a theoretical upper bound on the length of the explanation and a tractable algorithm (even though minimizing the length is NP-hard). We also provide experimental evidence that the engine performs well on synthetic data. Thus, we guarantee that an explanation can always be found, and that reasoning according to the provided scheme always produces a valid statement. Moreover, the explanations allow to probe the normative requirements of the model, so as to allow validation, accountability and recourse, that are key components of trustworthy AI.
Embedding Knowledge Graphs in Degenerate Clifford Algebras
Authors: Kamdem Teyou Louis Mozart , Demir Caglar , Ngonga Ngomo Axel-Cyrille
Published: October 2024

Clifford algebras are a natural extension of division algebras, including real numbers, complex numbers, quaternions, and octonions. Previous research in knowledge graph embeddings has focused exclusively on Clifford algebras of a specific type, which do not include nilpotent base vectors—elements that square to zero. In this work, we introduce a novel approach by incorporating nilpotent base vectors with a nilpotency index of two, leading to a more general form of Clifford algebras named degenerate Clifford algebras. This generalization to degenerate Clifford algebras does allow for covering dual numbers and as such include translations and rotations models under the same generalization paradigm for the first time. We develop two models to determine the parameters that define the algebra: one using a greedy search and another predicting the parameters based on neural network embeddings of the input knowledge graph. Our evaluation on seven benchmark datasets demonstrates that this incorporation of nilpotent vectors enhances the quality of embeddings. Additionally, our method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in terms of generalization, particularly regarding the mean reciprocal rank achieved on validation data. Finally, we show that even a simple greedy search can effectively discover optimal or near-optimal parameters for the algebra.
Detecting Hidden Triggers: Mapping Non-Markov Reward Functions to Markov
Authors: Hyde Gregory , Santos, Jr. Eugene
Published: October 2024

Many Reinforcement Learning algorithms assume a Markov reward function to guarantee optimality. However, not all reward functions are Markov. This paper proposes a framework for mapping non-Markov reward functions into equivalent Markov ones by learning specialized reward automata, Reward Machines. Unlike the general practice of learning Reward Machines, we do not require a set of high-level propositional symbols from which to learn. Rather, we learn hidden triggers, directly from data, that construct them. We demonstrate the importance of learning Reward Machines over their Deterministic Finite-State Automata counterparts given their ability to model reward dependencies. We formalize this distinction in our learning objective. Our mapping process is constructed as an Integer Linear Programming problem. We prove that our mappings form a suitable proxy for maximizing reward expectations. We empirically validate our approach by learning black-box, non-Markov reward functions in the Officeworld domain. Additionally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of learning reward dependencies in a new domain, Breakfastworld.
A Logic for Policy Based Resource Exchanges in Multiagent Systems
Authors: Ceragioli Lorenzo , Degano Pierpaolo , Galletta Letterio , Viganò Luca
Published: October 2024

In multiagent systems autonomous agents interact with each other to achieve individual and collective goals. Typical interactions concern negotiation and agreement on resource exchanges. Modeling and formalizing these agreements pose significant challenges, particularly in capturing the dynamic behaviour of agents, while ensuring that resources are correctly handled. Here, we propose exchange environments as a formal setting where agents specify and obey exchange policies, which are declarative statements about what resources they offer and what they require in return. Furthermore, we introduce a decidable extension of the computational fragment of linear logic as a fundamental tool for representing exchange environments and studying their dynamics in terms of provability.
Search, Examine and Early-Termination: Fake News Detection with Annotation-Free Evidences
Authors: Yang Yuzhou , Zhou Yangming , Ying Qichao , Qian Zhenxing , Zhang Xinpeng
Published: October 2024

Pioneer researches recognize evidences as crucial elements in fake news detection apart from patterns. Existing evidence-aware methods either require laborious pre-processing procedures to assure relevant and high-quality evidence data, or incorporate the entire spectrum of available evidences in all news cases, regardless of the quality and quantity of the retrieved data. In this paper, we propose an approach named SEE that retrieves useful information from web-searched annotation-free evidences with an early-termination mechanism. The proposed SEE is constructed by three main phases: Searching online materials using the news as a query and directly using their titles as evidences without any annotating or filtering procedure, sequentially Examining the news alongside with each piece of evidence via attention mechanisms to produce new hidden states with retrieved information, and allowing Early-termination within the examining loop by assessing whether there is adequate confidence for producing a correct prediction. We have conducted extensive experiments on datasets with unprocessed evidences, i.e., Weibo21, GossipCop, and pre-processed evidences, namely Snopes and PolitiFact. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches.
What Model Does MuZero Learn?
Authors: He Jinke , Moerland Thomas M. , de Vries Joery A. , Oliehoek Frans A.
Published: October 2024

Model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) has drawn considerable interest in recent years, given its promise to improve sample efficiency. Moreover, when using deep-learned models, it is possible to learn compact and generalizable models from data. In this work, we study MuZero, a state-of-the-art deep model-based reinforcement learning algorithm that distinguishes itself from existing algorithms by learning a value-equivalent model. Despite MuZero’s success and impact in the field of MBRL, existing literature has not thoroughly addressed why MuZero performs so well in practice. Specifically, there is a lack of in-depth investigation into the value-equivalent model learned by MuZero and its effectiveness in model-based credit assignment and policy improvement, which is vital for achieving sample efficiency in MBRL. To fill this gap, we explore two fundamental questions through our empirical analysis: 1) to what extent does MuZero achieve its learning objective of a value-equivalent model, and 2) how useful are these models for policy improvement? Among various other insights, we conclude that MuZero’s learned model cannot effectively generalize to evaluate unseen policies. This limitation constrains the extent to which we can additionally improve the current policy by planning with the model.
LightFF: Lightweight Inference for Forward-Forward Algorithm
Authors: Aminifar Amin , Huang Baichuan , Abtahi Azra , Aminifar Amir
Published: October 2024

The human brain performs tasks with an outstanding energy efficiency, i.e., with approximately 20 Watts. The state-of-the-art Artificial/Deep Neural Networks (ANN/DNN), on the other hand, have recently been shown to consume massive amounts of energy. The training of these ANNs/DNNs is done almost exclusively based on the back-propagation algorithm, which is known to be biologically implausible. This has led to a new generation of forward-only techniques, including the Forward-Forward algorithm. In this paper, we propose a lightweight inference scheme specifically designed for DNNs trained using the Forward-Forward algorithm. We have evaluated our proposed lightweight inference scheme in the case of the MNIST and CIFAR datasets, as well as two real-world applications, namely, epileptic seizure detection and cardiac arrhythmia classification using wearable technologies, where complexity overheads/energy consumption is a major constraint, and demonstrate its relevance. Our code is available at https://github.com/AminAminifar/LightFF.
Big-Thick Data Generation via Reference and Personal Context Unification
Authors: Giunchiglia Fausto , Li Xiaoyue
Published: October 2024

Smart devices generate vast amounts of big data, mainly in the form of sensor data. While allowing for the prediction of many aspects of human behaviour (e.g., physical activities, transportation modes), this data has a major limitation in that it is not thick, that is, it does not carry information about the context within which it was generated. Context – what was accomplished by a user, how and why, and in which overall situation – all these factors must be explicitly represented for the data to be self-explanatory and meaningful. In this paper, we introduce Big-Thick Data as highly contextualized data encoding, for each and every user, both her subjective personal view of the world and the objective view of an all-observing third party taken as reference. We model big-thick data by enforcing the distinction between personal context and reference context. We show that these two types of context can be unified in many different ways, thus allowing for different types of questions about the users’ behaviour and the world around them and, also, for multiple different answers to the same question. We validate the model with a case study that integrates the personal big-thick data of one hundred and fifty-eight University students over a period of four weeks with the reference context built using the data provided by OpenStreetMap.
SUBER: An RL Environment with Simulated Human Behavior for Recommender Systems
Authors: Corecco Nathan , Piatti Giorgio , Lanzendörfer Luca A. , Fan Flint Xiaofeng , Wattenhofer Roger
Published: October 2024

Reinforcement learning (RL) has gained popularity in the realm of recommender systems due to its ability to optimize long-term rewards and guide users in discovering relevant content. However, the successful implementation of RL in recommender systems is challenging because of several factors, including the limited availability of online data for training on-policy methods. This scarcity requires expensive human interaction for online model training. Furthermore, the development of effective evaluation frameworks that accurately reflect the quality of models remains a fundamental challenge in recommender systems. To address these challenges, we propose a comprehensive framework for synthetic environments that simulate human behavior by harnessing the capabilities of large language models (LLMs). We complement our framework with in-depth ablation studies and demonstrate its effectiveness with experiments on movie and book recommendations. Using LLMs as synthetic users, this work introduces a modular and novel framework to train RL-based recommender systems. The software, including the RL environment, is publicly available on https://github.com/SUBER-Team/SUBER.
SelfBC: Self Behavior Cloning for Offline Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Liu Shirong , Bai Chenjia , Guo Zixian , Zhang Hao , Sharma Gaurav , Liu Yang
Published: October 2024

Policy constraint methods in offline reinforcement learning employ additional regularization techniques to constrain the discrepancy between the learned policy and the offline dataset. However, these methods tend to result in overly conservative policies that resemble the behavior policy, thus limiting their performance. We investigate this limitation and attribute it to the static nature of traditional constraints. In this paper, we propose a novel dynamic policy constraint that restricts the learned policy on the samples generated by the exponential moving average of previously learned policies. By integrating this self-constraint mechanism into off-policy methods, our method facilitates the learning of non-conservative policies while avoiding policy collapse in the offline setting. Theoretical results show that our approach results in a nearly monotonically improved reference policy. Extensive experiments on the D4RL MuJoCo domain demonstrate that our proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance among the policy constraint methods.
Neural Reward Machines
Authors: Umili Elena , Argenziano Francesco , Capobianco Roberto
Published: October 2024

Non-markovian Reinforcement Learning (RL) tasks are very hard to solve, because agents must consider the entire history of state-action pairs to act rationally in the environment. Most works use symbolic formalisms (as Linear Temporal Logic or automata) to specify the temporally-extended task. These approaches only work in finite and discrete state environments or continuous problems for which a mapping between the raw state and a symbolic interpretation is known as a symbol grounding (SG) function. Here, we define Neural Reward Machines (NRM), an automata-based neurosymbolic framework that can be used for both reasoning and learning in non-symbolic non-markovian RL domains, which is based on the probabilistic relaxation of Moore Machines. We combine RL with semisupervised symbol grounding (SSSG) and we show that NRMs can exploit high-level symbolic knowledge in non-symbolic environments without any knowledge of the SG function, outperforming Deep RL methods which cannot incorporate prior knowledge. Moreover, we advance the research in SSSG, proposing an algorithm for analysing the groundability of temporal specifications, which is more efficient than baseline techniques of a factor 103.
Effectiveness and Safety of Low-Dose Etoposide Chemomobilization in Patients with Multiple Myeloma and Lymphoma
Authors: Mercan Sarıdaş Filiz , Ozkocaman Vildan , Özkalemkaş Fahir
Published: October 2024

Studies have discovered a risk of treatment-related leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes with high doses of etoposide prompting a closer look, at the effectiveness of lower doses. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of low-dose etoposide in patients with MM and lymphoma. Forty-eight patients with MM and refractory lymphoma who underwent stem cell mobilization with low-dose etoposide (days 1 and 2, 375 mg/m²) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, 10-15 μg/kg after the 3rd day) in Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine Hematology Department Stem Cell Transplantation Unit were analyzed retrospectively. The rate of successful mobilization (> 2x106/kg CD34+ cell collection) was 95% and was performed in a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 3 apheresis. The median collected CD34+ cell count was 9.165 × 10⁶/kg (11.7 in good vs 3.98 in poor mobilizers, p
Efeitos do ensino do tato na emergência da categorização em crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Ribeiro Daniela Mendonça , Cavalcante Rayssa Sarmento Teodosio ,   Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Bandeira Maria Thaís Santos ,   Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Sella Ana Carolina ,   Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Miguel Caio F. ,   California State University, Sacramento
Published: October 2024

Crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) podem apresentar dificuldades na aprendizagem de habilidades cognitivas, tais como a categorização de estímulos de diferentes níveis de complexi-dade. Há evidências de que se comportar como falante ou ouvinte diante de objetos ou eventos pode facilitar a emergência da categorização. Este estudo pretendeu estender os resultados obtidos por estudos anteriores e verificar se o ensino do tato levaria à emergência dos comportamentos de cate-gorização e de ouvinte por meio de um delineamento de linha de base múltipla não concorrente entre participantes. Participaram do estudo quatro crianças com TEA (7 e 10 anos de idade), as quais foram ensinadas a tatear as categorias de nove figuras pertencentes a três diferentes classes de estímulos. Em seguida, testou-se se elas agrupariam as figuras de acordo com sua categoria e se emitiriam os com-portamentos de ouvinte correspondentes. Todos os participantes aprenderam a tatear as figuras com poucos erros. Eles também categorizaram as figuras e emitiram os comportamentos de ouvinte cor-respondentes. Os resultados replicam os obtidos por estudos anteriores e sugerem que o ensino do tato pode levar à emergência dos comportamentos de categorização e de ouvinte em crianças com TEA.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Fibroma among General Hospitals in Iraq
Authors: Ali Thaer Kassim
Published: October 2024

Benign tumours made of fibrous or connective tissue are called fibromas. Malignant tumours are referred to as fibrosarcomas. A clinical entity that can develop in the oral cavity is an oral fibroma. The objective of this research was to ascertain the fibroma prevalence and risk factors in Iraqi general hospitals from 2018 to 2023. In this survey, a prospective cross-sectional research was conducted. Randomly selected genders who were at least 15 years old were chosen using a systematic sampling technique. The study included a standardised self-administered questionnaire to gather personal and historical data from the participants. Out of 106 patients comprised, 55 (51.90%) of females and 51 (48.10%) of males, with a mean age of (43.59 ± 18.36) years old. However, fibroma was statistically associated with topography at (P-Value=0.004). The prevalence of fibroma diagnosed among general hospitals aged 15 to 98 years old. Fibromas often form in adults between the ages of 40 and 60. A variety of factors, such as trauma or localised irritation on the tongue, lip, gums, or inside of the cheeks, might contribute to their development.
FACTORS INFLUENCING RICE FARMERS' LEVEL OF PARTICIPATION IN THE FADAMA III ADDITIONAL FINANCING (AF) DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IN PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: OJILE O.A. , EBUTE L.A. , ITOBIYE H.E. , AHMED B. , AKPOKO J.G. , IKANI E.I.
Published: October 2024

This study examines the socio-economic characteristics of rice farmers and the factors influencing their participation in the Fadama III AF development project in Plateau State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 259 farmers who participated in the project, and primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics (Frequency distribution tables, percentages (%) and mean) and inferential statistics (Probit regression analysis) were used to analyze the data.
The results showed that the average age of the farmers was 44 years, with 67% being males and 33% females. The majority (85%) of the farmers were married, with an average household size of 7 persons. The farmers cultivated an average of 1 hectare of land and had 18 years of farming experience. Also, 57% of participants rice farmers in Fadama III AF project had 1-3 yearly extension visits. It was found that all participants (100%) were members of cooperative groups. The study found that marital status (P<0.01), years of education (P<0.01), household size(P<0.01), membership in cooperative societies (P < 0.01) and farming experience (P < 0.05) were significant factors that influenced rice farmers' level of participation in the Fadama III AF development project. This study has identified the socio-economic characteristics of rice farmers in Plateau State, Nigeria, and the factors that influence their participation in the Fadama III AF development project. It was concluded that marital status, years of education, household size, farming experience and  membership in cooperative societies are significant factors that influence farmers' participation in the project. The study recommends that government, project implementers, community leaders, and other stakeholders should build farmers' capacity through training and education and provide farmers with necessary support and guidance in participating in rural and agricultural development project.
VERMICULTURE AND VERMICOMPOSTING: TWIN EARTHWORM TECHNOLOGIES, SUITABLE FOR HOUSEHOLDS AND SMALLHOLDER FARMERS TO CONVERT WASTES TO WEALTH – A NARRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Dada Ebenezer Olasunkanmi
Published: October 2024

Many smallholder farmers in developing countries face interconnected challenges, including poor soil fertilisation, low agricultural output, and inefficient conversion of agricultural wastes into biofertilisers, all of which can be sustainably addressed through vermiculture and vermicomposting—twin earthworm-based technologies. This review aims to explore vermiculture and vermicomposting, their interconnections, and key optimisation factors, while also guiding smallholder farmers on setting up simple vermiculture and vermicomposting units using locally sourced materials. A wide literature search was conducted across databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, focusing on vermiculture, vermicomposting and earthworm utilisation in waste management. From an initial pool of articles, 35 studies were selected for their relevance, empirical data, and rigorous methodology. Findings show that earthworms' natural behaviours, such as burrowing, soil ingestion, excretion and rapid reproduction, are exploited by vermiculture and vermicomposting to produce both earthworm mass and vermicompost, a sustainable and efficient biofertilizer. Vermiculture focuses on maximising earthworm harvest, with vermicompost as a secondary product, while vermicomposting aims to maximise vermicompost production, often resulting in increased earthworm mass. Vermicomposting units can be constructed from locally available materials, including wood, organic and agricultural wastes, and earthworm food sources, like fermented cow and sheep dung. The review assesses the potential of these technologies for small-scale farms, emphasising their feasibility and benefits in resource-limited settings. Since low agricultural output by smallholder farmers is partly traceable to unaffordable costs of chemical fertilisers, this review will draw attention to the use of vermicompost as a cheap and sustainable alternative
ASSESSING YOUTH INVOLVEMENT IN AGRICULTURE IN YOLA-NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ADAMAWA STATE
Authors: ONWUAROH A.S. , TATA L.A. , SABE A.T. , CHIROMA A.I. , AHMAD M.D.
Published: October 2024

The study examined youth involvement in agriculture in  Yola-North Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Data were collected from 230 farmers using a well-structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that the most (52.61%) of respondents were male, with an average age of 21 years. Most respondents (55.22%) were single with an average household size of 4 persons. Educationally, 2.61% had primary education, 7.39% had secondary education, 52.61% had diploma, and 37.39% had HND/Degree, indicating that all the respondents were educated. Additionally, most respondents earned between N40,000 and N200,000 annually. Factors influencing youth participation in agriculture revealed that age and sex were positive and significant at 1% level (P<0.01), while educational level was negative but significant at 10% level (P<0.1). Constraints identified included lack of government assistance, insufficient capital, poor road access, inadequate feed supply, poor extension services, and poor marketing prices. Sex (male) and age were positively associated with youth participation in agriculture, whereas the lack of government support was a significant barrier preventing youth from engaging in agricultural activities. The study recommends that inputs such as agrochemicals and credit should be made available on time and at subsidized rates by both governmental and non-governmental organizations to make agriculture more appealing to youths. Furthermore, the government or relevant institutions should strictly monitor and supervise any development or empowerment initiatives to prevent mismanagement by involved dignitaries.
MENGUKUR TINGKAT USABILITY APLIKASI E-LEARNING MTSN KOTA TASIKMALAYA MENGGUNAKAN METODE USE QUESTIONNAIRE
Authors: Sakina Hilmi , Hidayat Eka Wahyu , Anshary Muhammad Adi Khairul
Published: October 2024

E-learning MTsN 2 Kota Tasikmalaya merupakan aplikasi yang membantu proses belajar mengajar, baik di dalam maupun di luar sekolah. Secara umum, fungsinya adalah memberikan kemudahan bagi siswa maupun guru dalam mengakses maupun memberikan materi pelajaran, kuis, pengumuman kepada seluruh pengguna, dan lainnya. Dikarenakan beberapa pengguna, baik dari guru maupun siswa mengalami kesulitan, peneliti akan menguji tingkat usability dengan menggunakan metode USE Questionnaire. USE Questionnaire merupakan kuesioner yang digunakan untuk menilai sistem dari perspektif pengguna. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi e-learning di MTsN 2 Kota Tasikmalaya memperoleh skor dengan kategori "layak" baik itu skor rata-rata maupun persentasi. Meskipun demikian, terdapat beberapa rekomendasi perbaikan yang dapat diterapkan pada aplikasi ini, perbaikan pada fitur rekap absen bulanan, pengembangan aplikasi mobile, dan melengkapi petunjuk pada halaman fitur yang belum tercatum.
Kata kunci: E-learning, Questionnaire, Usability, USE
Basics of Method Evaluation in Clinical Laboratory Testing: A Mini-Review
Authors: Hossen Md Munnaf , Edirisinghe Nee , Fleiss Bobbi , Zakaria Rosita
Published: October 2024

Clinical laboratory testing advances have improved diagnostic accuracy, emphasising the need for effective methodologies within evidence-based medicine. Evaluation of methods is an essential function of the monitoring system that guarantees the continuous excellence of a clinical laboratory. This mini-review addresses the basic principles of method evaluation in clinical laboratories, highlighting key factors that support accurate diagnoses. The systematic process of method evaluation involves validation and verification, while considering scope, parameters and regulatory compliance. Analytical performance characteristics, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, precision, linearity, method comparison, matrix effect and carryover determine test suitability, requiring reference materials and standardisation for accuracy. This comprehensive process includes assessing test performance when there are alterations in reagents, instruments or methodologies. Furthermore, the success of the evaluation procedure hinges on the careful definition of experimental design and subsequent statistical analysis, emphasising their intimate connection, which must be established before initiation. Current trends highlight automation and the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI), reshaping the role of laboratory professionals in predicting disease risk and guiding treatment decisions. While advances are celebrated, emphasis is given to the inherent limits of evaluation and clinical methods. Challenges persist, including variations in test accuracy and inconsistencies between laboratories. To address these, proposed solutions include clear guidance, harmonising terminology, setting minimum standards and standardising study design components.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Biochemistry
Authors: Handley SA , Perry H , Prentice L
Published: October 2024

Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is often undertaken in individuals who have unexplained changes in mental status, focal neurological abnormalities, fever or headache. In such presentations, biochemical analysis is important for the diagnosis of infections of the meninges and brain parenchyma, immune-mediated disorders such as multiple sclerosis, neoplastic and degenerative disorders and haematological and other malignancies. Special care should be taken when collecting CSF, as blood or fluid contamination leads to inaccuracy of measurement or instability of analytes. Interpretation of results can sometimes be complicated as reference intervals or medical decision limits may not be available, or when they are, methodological detail is lacking. In this review, the physiology of CSF and the interpretation of biochemical analyses undertaken are discussed together with any analytical considerations.
Hypnotherapy Technique to Reduce Anxiety Levels in Elderly with Hypertension
Authors: Agustina Marisca
Published: October 2024

Background: One of the non-pharmacological intervention that can be used is hypnotherapy. This intervention uses suggestions that will relax the client's condition so that the brain produces the hormones serotonin, endorpine, and activation of autonomic nerve responses. At the same time the neuroendocrine system will also lower levels of cortisol, glucocorticoids, gonadocorticoids, epinephrine, norepinephrine and will act directly on the alpha androgenic receptors of vascular smooth muscle, thus causing vasodilation of blood vessels, lowering total peripheral pressure and decreasing blood pressure, pulse, and breathing.
Objectives: This study is to determine the effect of hypnotherapy techniques on reducing anxiety levels in elderly families with hypertension at RT 10/RW 05 Lenteng Agung, South Jakarta.
Methods: This study employed a quantitative pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-test post-test approach to examine the effect of an intervention on anxiety levels in elderly individuals with hypertension. The study population consisted of 39 elderly individuals, with 15 participants meeting the inclusion criteria. Data were collected in 2023, and the sample was selected using total sampling, consisting of 9 women and 6 men. Participants were observed before and after the intervention to assess changes in anxiety levels.
Results: This study showed that after being given hypnotherapy technique treatment, the majority experienced a decrease in anxiety levels, namely mild anxiety as many as 11 elderly (73.3%) and respondents who experienced moderate anxiety as many as 4 elderly (46.7%)
Conclusion: The majority of elderly individuals with hypertension experienced severe anxiety before receiving hypnosis techniques. After the application of hypnosis, most experienced a reduction in anxiety to mild levels. This demonstrates that hypnosis techniques have a significant effect in reducing anxiety levels in elderly individuals with hypertension
PENGARUH PROMOSI KESEHATAN DAN KESELAMATAN KERJA TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP PADA GABUNGAN KELOMPOK TANI
Authors: Syuhada Ambar Dani , Dewita Trisna
Published: October 2024

Kasus keracunan pestisida di Jawa Barat pada tahun 2019 tercatat sebanyak 334 jumlah kasus, jumlah angka kasus tersebut berpotensi meningkat setiap tahunnya. Diperlukannya promosi Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) yang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh promosi K3 terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap petani di terkait penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) dari bahaya pestisida kepada Gabungan Kelompok Tani (gapoktan) Tunas Harapan di Desa Bobos Kecamatan Legon kulon Kabupaten Subang. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah pra-eksperimen dengan rancangan one group pretest – posttest yaitu dilakukan observasi sebelumnya, lalu melihat perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi setelah adanya perlakuan. Desain ini dilakukan tanpa adanya kelompok kontrol. Pemberian materi menggunakan alat bantu berupa proyektor untuk memberikan ilustrasi secara audio visual dan menggunakan leaflet. Sampel penelitian 48 responden kepada gapoktan Tunas Harapan di Desa Bobos Kecamatan Legonkulon Kabupaten Subang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melalui kuesioner. Analisa data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat uji-t dependen (parametrik). Tingkat pendidikan mayoritas sekolah menengah atas sebanyak 56%, umur 40% dewasa awal, jenis kelamin 83% laki-laki. Terdapat pengaruh promosi k3 menggunakan media audio visual dan leaflet terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap sebelum diberikan penyuluhan dan sesudah diberikan penyuluhan dengan nilai p : 0,0001. Disarankan hendaknya Unit Pelaksana Teknis Dinas Pertanian di Desa Bobos Kecamatan Legon kulon Kabupaten Subang membuat program promosi K3 setiap 6 bulan sekali dan membuat tim pos Upaya Kesehatan Kerja.
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEMAUAN MEMBAYAR IURAN JAMINAN KESEHATAN NASIONAL PADA PEKERJA SEKTOR INFORMAL
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad , Yeni Rahma
Published: October 2024

Peserta Bukan Penerima Upah (PBPU) merupakan peserta yang bekerja di luar hubungan kerja atau peraturan ketenagakerjaan secara umum. Peserta pada segmen ini dapat diartikan sebagai pekerja pada sektor informal. Sistem kepesertaan ataupun pembayaran Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) bagi pekerja sektor informal tidak bersifat memaksa dan didasari oleh kesadaran pribadi sehingga masyarakat memiliki pilihan untuk berpartisipasi atau tidak dalam JKN. Secara nasional tunggakan iuran peserta paling tinggi pada peserta PBPU-pekerja mandiri (Rp5.654.930.976.944,-), yaitu sebesar 86,88% dari keseluruhan tunggakan iuran.  Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi kemauan membayar iuran program JKN pada pekerja sektor informal. Desain penelitian menggunakan deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross sectional, pengumpulan data dengan kuesioner pada 100 responden di kota Jakarta Timur tahun 2023 dengan manggunakan rumus slovin dan teknik random sampling. Data diolah dengan SPSS Versi 25 menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat. Hasil diketahui terdapat pengaruh semua variabel independen pada perilaku kemauan membayar dengan hasil sebagai berikut, jumlah anggota keluarga (nilai p = 0,000 dan OR = 29.792), pengetahuan (nilai p = 0,000 dan OR = 5.440), riwayat katastropik (nilai p = 0,000 dan OR = 28,174), dan mutu layanan kesehatan (nilai p = 0,000 dan OR = 14.881). Dari data tersebut disimpulkan bahwa jumlah anggota keluarga, pengetahuan, riwayat katastropik, dan mutu layanan kesehatan berpengaruh pada kemauan peserta untuk membayar iuran program JKN. BPJS agar melakukan tindakan edukasi dan promosi atas manfaat yang program JK-KIS, melakukan evaluasi dengan melakukan survei lanjutan, dan melihat progresnya, menyarankan kepada peserta yang menunggak memilih segmen kepesertaan yang sesuai dengan kemampuan finansial.
Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga, Penyuluhan, dan Keterpaparan Informasi dengan Perilaku Gizi Seimbang pada Remaja
Authors: Fitria Fitria , Musniati Nia
Published: October 2024

Masa remaja merupakan masa peralihan dari anak-anak menuju dewasa dimana terjadi perubahan yang cepat tidak hanya pada pertumbuhan fisik tetapi juga kognitif dan psikososial. Pada masa ini dibutuhkan asupan gizi yang optimal untuk memenuhi peningkatan kebutuhan untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan. Akan tetapi, perubahan gaya hidup dan pola makan serta masih sedikit remaja yang menerapkan perilaku gizi seimbang menyebabkan remaja rentan mengalami masalah gizi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan dukungan keluarga, penyuluhan, dan keterpaparan informasi dengan perilaku gizi seimbang pada remaja. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 127 siswa di SMA Muhammadiyah 13 Jakarta. Data dikumpulkan secara online menggunakan kuesioner google form. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh paling banyak responden berjenis kelamin perempuan (59,8%) dengan usia terbanyak yaitu 16 tahun (40,9%).  Hanya 45,7% responden yang mendapat dukungan keluarga, sebanyak 48% responden yang terpapar informasi dengan baik, dan sebanyak 59,1% responden tidak mengikuti penyuluhan.  Analisis uji Chi-Square dengan α=0,05 menunjukkan ada hubungan bermakna antara dukungan keluarga (nilai p = 0,000), penyuluhan (nilai p = 0,009), dan keterpaparan informasi (nilai p = 0,003) dengan perilaku gizi seimbang.
Studi Kasus: Kehidupan Kerja Perawat Ekspatriat di Arab Saudi
Authors: Yati Anis Yuni
Published: October 2024

Meningkatnya kebutuhan akan perawat profesional kesehatan merupakan tantangan global, terutama di Asia Tenggara, Afrika, dan Amerika Serikat (AS). WHO memperkirakan bahwa pada 2030, dunia membutuhkan tambahan 9 juta perawat untuk mencapai target Kesejahteraan dan Kesehatan Universal. Lonjakan pekerjaan perawat di AS mencapai lebih dari 275.000 dalam satu dekade terakhir. Migrasi perawat antarnegara meningkatkan persaingan global untuk tenaga perawat berkualitas, dengan Indonesia sebagai pengirim perawat utama. Namun, migrasi perawat Indonesia belum mencapai potensinya sepenuhnya karena keterbatasan kualifikasi, kebijakan migrasi, dan tantangan keseimbangan kehidupan pribadi-profesional. Konflik pekerjaan-keluarga juga mempengaruhi kualitas hidup dan produktivitas perawat. Studi kasus tentang kehidupan kerja perawat ekspatriat di Arab Saudi pada 2022 diusulkan untuk memberikan wawasan tentang tantangan dan pengalaman mereka. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan bagi kebijakan migrasi tenaga kerja kesehatan dan pengembangan program pendidikan serta dukungan bagi perawat di masa depan.
Analisis Kepuasan Masyarakat terhadap Pelayanan Kesehatan Berdasarkan Keputusan Kepala Dinas Kesehatan Kota Depok Di UPTD Puskesmas Pasir Putih
Authors: Lestari Maya Dwi , Roslan Rosidi , Saputra Fajar
Published: October 2024

Kepuasan masyarakat merupakan faktor yang sangat penting dan menentukan keberhasilan suatu organisasi sebab masyarakat adalah konsumen dari produk yang dihasilkan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis kepuasan masyarakat terhadap pelayanan kesehatan di UPTD Puskesmas Pasir Putih Berdasarkan Keputusan Kepala Dinas Kesehatan Kota Depok Tahun 2023. Desain penelitian ini adalah survei dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian mayoritas responden adalah perempuan sebanyak 74%, terbanyak berusia 18 sampai dengan 40 tahun sebanyak 68%, memiliki pekerjaan lainnya (ibu rumah tangga) sebanyak 63,8%, dan pendidikan terakhir terbanyak yaitu SMA/SMK sebanyak 52%. Terdapat 1 unsur kategori sangat baik yaitu penanganan pengaduan, saran, dan masukan, terdapat 7 unsur dalam kategori baik, yaitu persyaratan, sistem, mekanisme, dan prosedur, biaya/tarif, produk spesifikasi jenis layanan, kompetensi pelaksana, perilaku pelaksana, serta sarana dan prasarana. Terdapat 1 unsur kategori kurang baik yaitu kecepatan waktu penyelesaian pelayanan. Hasil survei kepuasan masyarakat UPTD Puskesmas Pasir Putih tahun 2023 adalah 82,80 atau kategori "Baik". Saran dari penelitian ini agar dapat meningkatkan unsur waktu penyelesaian pelayanan, sehingga dapat meningkatkan kepuasan masyarakat terhadap pelayanan kesehatan di UPTD Puskesmas Pasir Putih.
Hubungan Transfusi Darah Berulang dan Kepatuhan Konsumsi Obat Kelasi Besi dengan Kadar Ferritin pada Pasien Thalasemia di Kota Depok
Authors: Kusumo M. Kartono Wijoyo , Novita Astrid , Hendarwan Harimat
Published: October 2024

Repeated transfusions cause iron overload in β thalassemia patients. Therefore, iron chelation therapy is needed to reduce the amount of ferritin and ions in the blood. Compliance with iron chelation therapy is one of the factors that affect the patient's serum ferritin level. This study aims to determine the relationship between repeated blood transfusions and consumption of iron chelating drugs with serum ferritin levels of β thalassemia patients at Depok City Hospital in 2021. This research is a retrospective cohort study. The initial population was 112 people, sampling was carried out using the non-probability method and obtained 69 people who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. This research was conducted from January 2021 to December 2021 in three medical record installations at Depok City Hospital. Respondents who rarely did repeated blood transfusions were 42 (60.9%), respondents who adhered to taking iron chelation drugs were 45 (65.2%), and respondents who had high ferritin levels were 43 (62.3%). There is a relationship between repeated blood transfusions and ferritin levels in thalassemia patients in Depok City in 2021. There is a relationship between adherence to taking iron chelating drugs and ferritin levels in thalassemia patients in Depok City in 2021. It is recommended that clinicians continue to provide a deeper understanding to parents or the patient's family to continue to carry out regular chelation therapy and check serum ferritin levels regularly.
Analisis Indeks Stigma Terhadap Penyakit HIV di RSUD Dr. M. Yunus bengkulu
Authors: Dwina Natalia , Supriyatna Rahmat , Sabdani Halian
Published: October 2024

HIV yaitu virus yang menyerang dan melemahkan system pertahanan tubuh manusia, sehingga mudah tertular berbagai penyakit. AIDS yaitu sekumpulan gejala penyakit akibat menurunnya kekebalan tubuh yang disebabkan oleh HIV. ODHA (Orang Dengan HIV/AIDS) adalah sebutan bagi orang yang telah positif HIV/AIDS. Tujuan penelitian diperolehnya informasi mendalam tentang Indeks Stigma Orang yang Hidup dengan HIV (ODHIV)adalah alat standar untuk mengumpulkan bukti tentang bagaimana stigma dan diskriminasi berdampak pada kehidupan orang yang hidup dengan HIV. di lingkungan RSUD dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu terhadap Orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) . Penelitian ini menggunakan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) sebagai teknik utama untuk pengumpulan data.yang menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan darta      melalui wawancara dan observasi serta menerapkan metode triangulasi bertujuan untuk memberikan kepercayaan dan validitas yang lebih tinggi terhadap temuan penelitian dengan mengintegrasikan sudut pandang yang berbeda dan mengurangi bias yang mungkin timbul dari satu sumber data atau metode saja. Sumber data terdiri dari 15 informan, yang dibagi menjadi 5 informan utama (Orang Dengan HIV AIDS), 5 informan kunci (Pengunjung Rumah Sakit), dan 5 Informan pendukung. (Nakes/Petugas Rumah Sakit). Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk melihat apakah masih ada Indeks Stigma yang terjadi di RSUD dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu, dan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan tentang penyakit HIV/AIDS masih rendah di kalangan pengunjung Rumah Sakit, Pasien HIV Sendiri, juga Sebagain Nakes/Petugas Rumah Sakit, Sebagai saran, penelitian menyarankan agar pihak RSUD dr. M. Yunus aktif dalam memberikan penyuluhan mengenai HIV/AIDS kepada seluruh pihak di lingkungan RSUD, termasuk petugas, pasien, dan  pengunjung, sehingga semua orang di lingkungan RSUD dapat mendapatkan informasi yang akurat dan mengurangi stigma terhadap ODHA.
Criterios clínicos y radiológicos de los tratamientos endodónticos para rehabilitación Endocrown: meta análisis
Authors: Astudillo Benavides Domenica Camila , Piedra Andrade Rafael Bernardo , Pesantez Coronel Amanda Isabel , Torrachi Carrasco Jose Esteban
Published: October 2024

Introducción: La endodoncia se centra en diagnosticar y tratar enfermedades pulpares y de tejido periapical, limpiando microorganismos y modelando el conducto para un adecuado sellado. Un diagnóstico preciso es esencial para elegir la rehabilitación que recupere la funcionalidad y estética del diente. Tras el tratamiento, es crucial evaluar la pérdida estructural para seleccionar la rehabilitación adecuada. Aunque se usaban pernos, estos pueden causar fracturas en la raíz por mala distribución de fuerzas, especialmente en molares y premolares. Como alternativa, se proponen las endocoronas para una rehabilitación post-endodóntica más efectiva. Objetivo: Establecer los criterios clínicos y radiológicos de los tratamientos endodónticos para endocrown mediante un meta análisis. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática exhaustiva en diferentes bases de datos como Pubmed, Scielo, Scorpus, Web of Science entre otros. Los datos se determinaron mediante la estandarización con el sistema de Microsoft Office Excel 2016. En cuanto a los estudios se tabularon con los siguientes datos: Autor, año de publicación, resumen, introducción, métodos, resultados, discusión y otra información, de acuerdo con la declaración de PRISMA y Consort Modificated. Los artículos analizados fueron evaluados de acuerdo con la guía de Cochrane, con los ítems de sesgo de selección, sesgo de realización, sesgos de detección y sesgo de datos incompletos. Resultados: Las diferencias medias estandarizadas observadas oscilaron entre 0,0273 y 1,4852, siendo la mayoría de las estimaciones positivas, la diferencia media estandarizada promedio estimada basada en el modelo de efectos aleatorios fue \hat{\mu} = 0,6425 (IC del 95 %: 0,0496 a 1,2354). Por lo tanto, el resultado promedio difirió significativamente de cero (z = 2,1239, p = 0,0337). La prueba Q para la heterogeneidad no fue significativa, pero aún puede haber cierta heterogeneidad en los resultados verdaderos (Q(4) = 8,5752, p = 0,0726, tau² 0,2431, I² = 53,6752%). Conclusión: Se ha terminado que no existe una diferencia significativa estadística entre la restauración de endocrown con la conservadora desde la perspectiva de los criterios endodónticos establecidos. Área de estudio general: Odontología. Área de estudio específica: Endodoncia. Tipo de estudio:  Revisión bibliográfica/ Bibliographic review.
Gambaran Penanganan Kasus Fraktur Tibia di Rumah Sakit Umum Royal Prima Tahun 2021-2023
Authors: Hakim Khoirunnisa
Published: October 2024

Fraktur atau yang biasa dikenal dengan patah tulang merupakan diskontinuitas sebagian atau seluruh yang terjadi pada tulang. Penyebab fraktur yang paling sering terjadi adalah trauma, yang mencakup insiden lalu lintas dan non-lalu lintas. Prevalensi fraktur di Indonesia mencapai angka 5,8%. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran penanganan kasus fraktur tibia yang dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Umum Royal Prima. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan desain cross-sectional dan bersifat deskriptif observasional dan sumber data yang diambil menggunakan data sekunder yaitu rekam medis pasien yang mengalami fraktur tibia dari tahun 2021 hingga 2023. Analisis hasil dilakukan menggunakan analisis statistik frekuensi menggunakan SPSS. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan usia terbanyak yang mengalami fraktur tibia adalah usia 20-60 tahun (60%), banyak terjadi pada laki laki (72%), jenis fraktur yang banyak dialami adalah fraktur tertutup (76%) dan semua penanganan yang dilakukan adalah ORIF (100%).
KARAKTERISTIK PASIEN STROKE HEMORAGIK DI RSUD Dr. H. CHASAN BOESOIRIE TERNATE PERIODE JANUARI 2019 – DESEMBER 2021
Authors: Abukarim Farel , Kristanti Endang , Darmayanti Dewi
Published: October 2024

Stroke merupakan penyebab kematian tertinggi kedua dan urutan ketiga untuk kacacatan di dunia. Angka kejadian stroke di Indonesia tahun 2018 didapatkan sebesar 10,9% dari total penduduk usia lebih dari 15 tahun dan di Maluku Utara 4,6% dari total populasi. Namun data terkait karakteristik stroke hemoragik di Maluku Utara belum ada. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik pasien stroke hemoragik di RSUD Dr. H. Chasan Boesoirie Ternate dengan dilakukanya penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel secara total sampling. Data usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat kesadaran awal dengan Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), tekanan darah saat masuk rumah sakit, dan riwayat komorbid merupakan variabel penelitian yang diambil dari data rekam medik pasien stoke hemoragik periode Januari 2019-Desember 2021. Hasil penelitian dari 26 pasien didapatkan 57,7% berusia 45-65 tahun, 61,5% berjenis kelamin perempuan, 57,7% dengan GCS 3-8, 57,7% kategori hipertensi stage 2 dan 80,8% memiliki riwayat komorbid hipertensi. Karakteristik pasien stroke hemoragik di RSUD Dr. H. Chasan Boesoirie Ternate sebagian besar pada kelompok usia 45-65 tahun, perempuan, tingkat kesadaran awal GCS 3-8, tekanan darah kategori hipertensi stage 2 dan memiliki riwayat hipertensi.