bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitotic cells contract actomyosin cortex and generate pressure to round against or escape epithelial confinement
Authors: Sorce Barbara , Escobedo Carlos , Toyoda Yusuke , Stewart Martin P. , Cattin Cedric J. , Newton Richard , Banerjee Indranil , Stettler Alexander , Roska Botond , Eaton Suzanne , Hyman Anthony A. , Hierlemann Andreas , Müller Daniel J.
Published: November 2015

Little is known about how mitotic cells round against epithelial confinement. Here, we engineer micropillar arrays that subject cells to lateral mechanical confinement similar to that experienced in epithelia. If generating sufficient force to deform the pillars, rounding epithelial (MDCK) cells can create space to divide. However, if mitotic cells cannot create sufficient space, their rounding force, which is generated by actomyosin contraction and hydrostatic pressure, pushes the cell out of confinement. After conducting mitosis in an unperturbed manner, both daughter cells return to the confinement of the pillars. Cells that cannot round against nor escape confinement cannot orient their mitotic spindles and more likely undergo apoptosis. The results highlight how spatially constrained epithelial cells prepare for mitosis: either they are strong enough to round up or they must escape. The ability to escape from confinement and reintegrate after mitosis appears to be a basic property of epithelial cells.
Long range Trp-Trp interaction initiates the folding pathway of a pro-angiogenic β-hairpin peptide
Authors: Diana Donatella , De Rosa Lucia , Palmieri Maddalena , Russomanno Anna , Russo Luigi , La Rosa Carmelo , Milardi Danilo , Colombo Giorgio , D’Andrea Luca D. , Fattorusso Roberto
Published: November 2015

HPLW, a designed VEGF (Vascular Endothelium Growth Factor) receptor-binding peptide, assumes a well folded β-hairpin conformation in water and is able to induce angiogenesisin vivo. In this study, we investigated at atomic resolution the thermal folding/unfolding pathway of HPLW by means of an original multi-technique approach combining DSC, NMR, MD and mutagenesis analyses. In particular, careful NMR investigation of the single proton melting temperatures together with DSC analysis accurately delineate the peptide folding mechanism, which is corroborated by computational folding/unfolding simulations. The HPLW folding process consists of two main events, which are successive but do not superimpose. The first folding step initiates at 320 K upon the hydrophobic collapse of the Trp5 and Trp13 side-chains which stabilizes the concurrent β-turn formation, whose COi-HNi + 3 hydrogen bond (Asp10 → Arg7) appears particularly stable. At 316 K, once the β-turn is completely formed, the two β-strands pair, very likely starting by Trp5 and Trp13, which thus play a key role also in the final step of the β-hairpin folding. Overall, here we describe a multi-state hierarchical folding pathway of a highly structured β-hairpin, which can be classified as a broken-zipper mechanism.
Efficient Test and Visualization of Multi-Set Intersections
Authors: Wang Minghui , Zhao Yongzhong , Zhang Bin
Published: November 2015

Identification of sets of objects with shared features is a common operation in all disciplines. Analysis of intersections among multiple sets is fundamental for in-depth understanding of their complex relationships. However, so far no method has been developed to assess statistical significance of intersections among three or more sets. Moreover, the state-of-the-art approaches for visualization of multi-set intersections are not scalable. Here, we first developed a theoretical framework for computing the statistical distributions of multi-set intersections based upon combinatorial theory and then accordingly designed a procedure to efficiently calculate the exact probabilities of multi-set intersections. We further developed multiple efficient and scalable techniques to visualize multi-set intersections and the corresponding intersection statistics. We implemented both the theoretical framework and the visualization techniques in a unified R software package, SuperExactTest. We demonstrated the utility of SuperExactTest through an intensive simulation study and a comprehensive analysis of seven independently curated cancer gene sets as well as six disease or trait associated gene sets identified by genome-wide association studies. We expect SuperExactTest developed by this study will have a broad range of applications in scientific data analysis in many disciplines.
High Performance Heteroatoms Quaternary-doped Carbon Catalysts Derived from Shewanella Bacteria for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Guo Zhaoyan , Ren Guangyuan , Jiang Congcong , Lu Xianyong , Zhu Ying , Jiang Lei , Dai Liming
Published: November 2015

A novel heteroatoms (N, P, S and Fe) quaternary-doped carbon (HQDC-X, X refers to the pyrolysis temperature) can be fabricated by directly pyrolyzing a gram-negative bacteria, S. oneidensis MR-1 as precursors at 800 °C, 900 °C and 1000 °C under argon atmosphere. These HQDC-X catalysts maintain the cylindrical shape of bacteria after pyrolysis under high temperatures, while heteroatoms including N, P, S and Fe distribute homogeneously on the carbon frameworks. As a result, HQDC-X catalysts exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity for ORR via a dominant four-electron oxygen reduction pathway in alkaline medium, which is comparable with that of commercial Pt/C. More importantly, HQDC-X catalysts show better tolerance for methanol crossover and CO poisoning effects, long-term durability than commercial Pt/C, which could be promising alternatives to costly Pt-based electrocatalysts for ORR. The method may provide a promising avenue to develop cheap ORR catalysts from inexpensive, scalable and biological recursors.
Eigencentrality based on dissimilarity measures reveals central nodes in complex networks
Authors: Alvarez-Socorro A. J. , Herrera-Almarza G. C. , González-Díaz L. A.
Published: November 2015

One of the most important problems in complex network’s theory is the location of the entities that are essential or have a main role within the network. For this purpose, the use of dissimilarity measures (specific to theory of classification and data mining) to enrich the centrality measures in complex networks is proposed. The centrality method used is the eigencentrality which is based on the heuristic that the centrality of a node depends on how central are the nodes in the immediate neighbourhood (like rich get richer phenomenon). This can be described by an eigenvalues problem, however the information of the neighbourhood and the connections between neighbours is not taken in account, neglecting their relevance when is one evaluates the centrality/importance/influence of a node. The contribution calculated by the dissimilarity measure is parameter independent, making the proposed method is also parameter independent. Finally, we perform a comparative study of our method versus other methods reported in the literature, obtaining more accurate and less expensive computational results in most cases.
Water and Ethanol Droplet Wetting Transition during Evaporation on Omniphobic Surfaces
Authors: Chen Xuemei , Weibel Justin A. , Garimella Suresh V.
Published: November 2015

Omniphobic surfaces with reentrant microstructures have been investigated for a range of applications, but the evaporation of high- and low-surface-tension liquid droplets placed on such surfaces has not been rigorously studied. In this work, we develop a technique to fabricate omniphobic surfaces on copper substrates to allow for a systematic examination of the effects of surface topography on the evaporation dynamics of water and ethanol droplets. Compared to a water droplet, the ethanol droplet not only evaporates faster, but also inhibits Cassie-to-Wenzel wetting transitions on surfaces with certain geometries. We use an interfacial energy-based description of the system, including the transition energy barrier and triple line energy, to explain the underlying transition mechanism and behaviour observed. Suppression of the wetting transition during evaporation of droplets provides an important metric for evaluating the robustness of omniphobic surfaces requiring such functionality.
Cellular cooperation with shift updating and repulsion
Authors: Pavlogiannis Andreas , Chatterjee Krishnendu , Adlam Ben , Nowak Martin A.
Published: November 2015

Population structure can facilitate evolution of cooperation. In a structured population, cooperators can form clusters which resist exploitation by defectors. Recently, it was observed that a shift update rule is an extremely strong amplifier of cooperation in a one dimensional spatial model. For the shift update rule, an individual is chosen for reproduction proportional to fecundity; the offspring is placed next to the parent; a random individual dies. Subsequently, the population is rearranged (shifted) until all individual cells are again evenly spaced out. For large population size and a one dimensional population structure, the shift update rule favors cooperation for any benefit-to-cost ratio greater than one. But every attempt to generalize shift updating to higher dimensions while maintaining its strong effect has failed. The reason is that in two dimensions the clusters are fragmented by the movements caused by rearranging the cells. Here we introduce the natural phenomenon of a repulsive force between cells of different types. After a birth and death event, the cells are being rearranged minimizing the overall energy expenditure. If the repulsive force is sufficiently high, shift becomes a strong promoter of cooperation in two dimensions.
Determination of Hemicellulose, Cellulose and Lignin in Moso Bamboo by Near Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Li Xiaoli , Sun Chanjun , Zhou Binxiong , He Yong
Published: November 2015

The contents of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin are important for moso bamboo processing in biomass energy industry. The feasibility of using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for rapid determination of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin was investigated in this study. Initially, the linear relationship between bamboo components and their NIR spectroscopy was established. Subsequently, successive projections algorithm (SPA) was used to detect characteristic wavelengths for establishing the convenient models. For hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, 22, 22 and 20 characteristic wavelengths were obtained, respectively. Nonlinear determination models were subsequently built by an artificial neural network (ANN) and a least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) based on characteristic wavelengths. The LS-SVM models for predicting hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin all obtained excellent results with high determination coefficients of 0.921, 0.909 and 0.892 respectively. These results demonstrated that NIR spectroscopy combined with SPA-LS-SVM is a useful, nondestructive tool for the determinations of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin in moso bamboo.
Vocal individuality cues in the African penguin (Spheniscus demersus): a source-filter theory approach
Authors: Favaro Livio , Gamba Marco , Alfieri Chiara , Pessani Daniela , McElligott Alan G.
Published: November 2015

The African penguin is a nesting seabird endemic to southern Africa. In penguins of the genusSpheniscusvocalisations are important for social recognition. However, it is not clear which acoustic features of calls can encode individual identity information. We recorded contact calls and ecstatic display songs of 12 adult birds from a captive colony. For each vocalisation, we measured 31 spectral and temporal acoustic parameters related to both source and filter components of calls. For each parameter, we calculated the Potential of Individual Coding (PIC). The acoustic parameters showing PIC ≥ 1.1 were used to perform a stepwise cross-validated discriminant function analysis (DFA). The DFA correctly classified 66.1% of the contact calls and 62.5% of display songs to the correct individual. The DFA also resulted in the further selection of 10 acoustic features for contact calls and 9 for display songs that were important for vocal individuality. Our results suggest that studying the anatomical constraints that influence nesting penguin vocalisations from a source-filter perspective, can lead to a much better understanding of the acoustic cues of individuality contained in their calls. This approach could be further extended to study and understand vocal communication in other bird species.
Genetic adaptations of the plateau zokor in high-elevation burrows
Authors: Shao Yong , Li Jin-Xiu , Ge Ri-Li , Zhong Li , Irwin David M. , Murphy Robert W. , Zhang Ya-Ping
Published: November 2015

The plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi) spends its entire life underground in sealed burrows. Confronting limited oxygen and high carbon dioxide concentrations and complete darkness, they epitomize a successful physiological adaptation. Here, we employ transcriptome sequencing to explore the genetic underpinnings of their adaptations to this unique habitat. Compared toRattus norvegicus, genes belonging to GO categories related to energy metabolism (e.g. mitochondrion and fatty acid beta-oxidation) underwent accelerated evolution in the plateau zokor. Furthermore, the numbers of positively selected genes were significantly enriched in the gene categories involved in ATPase activity, blood vessel development and respiratory gaseous exchange, functional categories that are relevant to adaptation to high altitudes. Among the 787 genes with evidence of parallel evolution and thus identified as candidate genes, several GO categories (e.g. response to hypoxia, oxygen homeostasis and erythrocyte homeostasis) are significantly enriched, are two genes,EPAS1andAJUBA, involved in the response to hypoxia, where the parallel evolved sites are at positions that are highly conserved in sequence alignments from multiple species. Thus, accelerated evolution of GO categories, positive selection and parallel evolution at the molecular level provide evidences to parse the genetic adaptations of the plateau zokor for living in high-elevation burrows.
Assessment of pharmacokinetic compatibility of short acting CDRI candidate trioxane derivative, 99–411, with long acting prescription antimalarials, lumefantrine and piperaquine
Authors: Taneja Isha , Raju Kanumuri Siva Rama , Singh Sheelendra Pratap , Wahajuddin Muhammad
Published: November 2015

The pharmacokinetic compatibility of short-acting CDRI candidate antimalarial trioxane derivative, 99–411, was tested with long-acting prescription antimalarials, lumefantrine and piperaquine. LC-ESI-MS/MS methods were validated for simultaneous bioanalysis of lumefantrine and 99–411 and of piperaquine and 99–411 combinations. The interaction studies were performed in rats using these validated methods. The total systemic exposure of 99–411 increased when administered with either lumefantrine or piperaquine. However, co-administration of 99–411 significantly decreased the systemic exposure of piperaquine by half-fold while it had no effect on the kinetics of lumefantrine. 99–411, thus, seemed to be a good alternative to artemisinin derivatives for combination treatment with lumefantrine. To explore the reason for increased plasma levels of 99–411, an in situ permeability study was performed by co-perfusing lumefantrine and 99–411. In presence of lumefantrine, the absorption of 99–411 was significantly increased by 1.37 times than when given alone. Lumefantrine did not affect the metabolism of 99–411 when tested in vitro in human liver microsomes. Additionally, ATPase assay suggest that 99–411 was a substrate of human P-gp, thus, indicating the probability of interaction at the absorption level in humans as well.
Comparative genomics and genome biology of invasive Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Skarp C. P. A. , Akinrinade O. , Nilsson A. J. E. , Ellström P. , Myllykangas S. , Rautelin H.
Published: November 2015

Campylobacter jejuni is a major pathogen in bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and can cause bacteremia in severe cases. C. jejuni is highly structured into clonal lineages of which the ST677CC lineage has been overrepresented among C. jejuni isolates derived from blood. In this study, we characterized the genomes of 31 C. jejuni blood isolates and 24 faecal isolates belonging to ST677CC in order to study the genome biology related to C. jejuni invasiveness. We combined the genome analyses with phenotypical evidence on serum resistance which was associated with phase variation of wcbK; a GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase involved in capsular biosynthesis. We also describe the finding of a Type III restriction-modification system unique to the ST-794 sublineage. However, features previously considered to be related to pathogenesis of C. jejuni were either absent or disrupted among our strains. Our results refine the role of capsule features associated with invasive disease and accentuate the possibility of methylation and restriction enzymes in the potential of C. jejuni to establish invasive infections. Our findings underline the importance of studying clinically relevant well-characterized bacterial strains in order to understand pathogenesis mechanisms important in human infections.
Visualization of biosensors using enhanced surface plasmon resonances in capped silver nanostructures
Authors: Lee Kuang-Li , You Meng-Lin , Tsai Cheng-Lin , Hung Chia-Yu , Hsieh Shu-Yi , Wei Pei-Kuen
Published: November 2015

We propose a method and optical design for direct visualization of label-free detection.
Vibrational anharmonicity of small gold and silver clusters using the VSCF method
Authors: Mancera Luis A. , Benoit David M.
Published: November 2015

We study the vibrational spectra of small neutral gold (Au2–Au10) and silver (Ag2–Au5) clusters using the vibrational self-consistent field method (VSCF) in order to account for anharmonicity.
Formation of environmentally persistent free radicals from the heterogeneous reaction of ozone and polycyclic aromatic compounds
Authors: Borrowman Cuyler K. , Zhou Shouming , Burrow Timothy E. , Abbatt Jonathan P. D.
Published: November 2015

Ozone and polycyclic aromatic compounds react heterogeneously to form environmentally persistent free radicals.
Synthesis and cation-binding studies of gold(i) complexes bearing oligoether isocyanide ligands with ester and amide as linkers
Authors: Hau Franky Ka-Wah , Yam Vivian Wing-Wah
Published: November 2015

Bis(alkynyl)calix[4]arene gold(i) isocyanide complexes with amide linkers show strong binding affinity towards Al3+, which turns on the low-energy emission associated with the presence of Au(i)⋯Au(i) interactions.
Sulfurized metal borohydrides
Authors: Paskevicius M. , Richter B. , Polański M. , Thompson S. P. , Jensen T. R.
Published: November 2015

The reactions between metal borohydrides and elemental sulfur are investigatedin situduring thermal treatment and are found to be highly exothermic (up to 700 J g−1).
Formation of environmentally persistent free radical (EPFR) in iron(iii) cation-exchanged smectite clay
Authors: Nwosu Ugwumsinachi G. , Roy Amitava , dela Cruz Albert Leo N. , Dellinger Barry , Cook Robert
Published: November 2015

Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals (EPFRs) have been found at a number of Superfund sites. Surrogate based Fe-loaded smectite clay showed a reduction in Fe(iii) content after reaction with model organic contaminant (phenol) which led to the formation of EPFRs.
Consumption of onion juice modulates oxidative stress and attenuates the risk of bone disorders in middle-aged and post-menopausal healthy subjects
Authors: Law Yat-Yin , Chiu Hui-Fang , Lee Hui-Hsin , Shen You-Cheng , Venkatakrishnan Kamesh , Wang Chin-Kun
Published: November 2015

Osteoporosis is a chronic inflammatory condition that is characterized by the loss of bone mineral density (BMD).
Fermented goat milk consumption improves melatonin levels and influences positively the antioxidant status during nutritional ferropenic anemia recovery
Authors: Moreno-Fernandez Jorge , Diaz-Castro Javier , Alférez Mª José M. , Nestares Teresa , Ochoa Julio J. , Sánchez-Alcover Ana , López-Aliaga Inmaculada
Published: November 2015

The aim of the current study was to assess the influence of fermented goat or cow milk on the melatonin levels and antioxidant status during anemia recovery.
Boron avoids cycloalkane-like structures in the LinBnH2n series
Authors: Vásquez-Espinal Alejandro , Torres-Vega Juan J. , Alvarez-Thon Luis , Fuentealba Patricio , Islas Rafael , Tiznado William
Published: November 2015

The stability of cycloalkane-like structures in the series LinBnH2n is analyzed using ab initio calculations. Neither of these cyclic species is energetically favored, contrary to what happens with aromatic lithium boron hydride rings.
ZnO decorated with organic nanoparticles based sensor for the ratiometric selective determination of mercury ions
Authors: Kaur Narinder , Singh Jasminder , Raj Pushap , Singh Narinder , Singh Harpreet , Sharma Sanjeev K. , Kim Deuk Young , Kaur Navneet
Published: November 2015

Fully characterized organic nanoparticles (R1) decorated on the surface of ZnO (N1), used for selective nanomolar determination of mercury ions.
Cyclization of polyketides and non-ribosomal peptides on and off their assembly lines
Authors: Pang Bo , Wang Min , Liu Wen
Published: November 2015

In thisHighlight, we focus on some newly characterized cyclization reactions that occur on and off the PKS and NRPS assembly lines, for the purpose of elucidating template effects in various manners.
Kinetics of hydrazine reduction of thin films of graphene oxide and the determination of activation energy by the measurement of electrical conductivity
Authors: Kim Seo Gyun , Lee Soon Sik , Lee Eunsu , Yoon Jinhwan , Lee Heon Sang
Published: November 2015

By measurement of the electrical conductivities of GO coated PET films during the reduction reaction, we determined activation energy.
Sputtering and sulfurization-combined synthesis of a transparent WS2 counter electrode and its application to dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Hussain Sajjad , Shaikh Shoyebmohamad F. , Vikraman Dhanasekaran , Mane Rajaram S. , Joo Oh-Shim , Naushad Mu. , Jung Jongwan
Published: November 2015

In this work, continuous and large-area tungsten sulfide films, deposited by radio frequency sputtering followed by a sulfurization process, were applied as a low-cost platinum-free counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells.
Fast & scalable pattern transfer via block copolymer nanolithography
Authors: Li Tao , Wang Zhongli , Schulte Lars , Hansen Ole , Ndoni Sokol
Published: November 2015

Fully scalable nanopatterning by direct PS-b-PDMS block copolymer lithography, without substrate pre-modification and without annealing.
Gold nanoparticles with high densities of small protuberances on nanocluster cores with strong NIR extinction
Authors: Borwankar Ameya U. , Willsey Brian W. , Twu April , Hung Jessica J. , Stover Robert J. , Wang Tianyi W. , Feldman Marc D. , Milner Thomas E. , Truskett Thomas M. , Johnston Keith P.
Published: November 2015

Plasmonic nanoparticles with sizes well below 100 nm and high near infrared (NIR) extinction are of great interest in biomedical imaging.
Correction: Preparation and characterization of potential doxorubicin-loaded mixed micelles formed from vitamin E containing graft copolymers and PEG-b-PLA diblock copolymers
Authors: Lee Kuan-Yi , Chiu Yu-Ting , Lo Chun-Liang
Published: November 2015

Correction for ‘Preparation and characterization of potential doxorubicin-loaded mixed micelles formed from vitamin E containing graft copolymers and PEG-b-PLA diblock copolymers’ by Kuan-Yi Lee et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 83825–83836.
Nanofiller-tuned microporous polymer molecular sieves for energy and environmental processes
Authors: Song Qilei , Cao Shuai , Pritchard Robyn H. , Qiblawey Hazim , Terentjev Eugene M. , Cheetham Anthony K. , Sivaniah Easan
Published: November 2015

Incorporating nanofillers into thermal-oxidatively crosslinked polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) generates highly permeable and selective molecular sieves for gas separations.
Do charges delocalize over multiple molecules in fullerene derivatives?
Authors: D'Avino G. , Olivier Y. , Muccioli L. , Beljonne D.
Published: November 2015

We address the question of charge delocalization in amorphous and crystalline fullerene solids by performing state of the art calculations encompassing force-field molecular dynamics, microelectrostatic and quantum-chemical methods.
Alkyl chain modulated cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity of bioinspired amphiphilic selenolanes
Authors: Verma Prachi , Kunwar Amit , Arai Kenta , Iwaoka Michio , Indira Priyadarsini K.
Published: November 2015

Fatty acid/alkyl group of variable chain lengths (C6–14) as a lipophilic moiety of the dihydroxy selenolane (DHS)/monoamino selenolane (MAS) conjugates not only improved their ability to incorporate antioxidant effects within cells, but also modulated their cytotoxicity.
Self-consistent drift-diffusion-reaction model for the electron beam interaction with dielectric samples
Authors: Raftari B. , Budko N. V. , Vuik C.
Published: November 2015

The charging of insulating samples degrades the quality and complicates the interpretation of images in scanning electron microscopy and is important in other applications, such as particle detectors. In this paper, we analyze this nontrivial phenomenon on different time scales employing the drift-diffusion-reaction approach augmented with the trapping rate equations and a realistic semi-empirical source function describing the pulsed nature of the electron beam. We consider both the fast processes following the impact of a single primary electron, the slower dynamics resulting from the continuous bombardment of a sample, and the eventual approach to the steady-state regime.
On three-dimensional reconstruction of a neutron/x-ray source from very few two-dimensional projections
Authors: Volegov P. L. , Danly C. R. , Merrill F. E. , Simpson R. , Wilde C. H.
Published: November 2015

The neutron imaging system at the National Ignition Facility is an important diagnostic tool for measuring the two-dimensional size and shape of the source of neutrons produced in the burning deuterium-tritium plasma during the stagnation phase of inertial confinement fusion implosions. Very few two-dimensional projections of neutron images are available to reconstruct the three-dimensional neutron source. In this paper, we present a technique that has been developed for the 3D reconstruction of neutron and x-ray sources from a minimal number of 2D projections. We present the detailed algorithms used for this characterization and the results of reconstructed sources from experimental data collected at Omega.
Wave propagation in cross-linked random fiber networks
Authors: Babaee Sahab , Shahsavari A. S. , Wang Pai , Picu R. C. , Bertoldi Katia
Published: November 2015

We numerically investigate the propagation of small-amplitude elastic waves in random fiber networks. Our analysis reveals that the dynamic response of the system is not only controlled by its overall elasticity, but also by the local microstructure. In fact, we find that the longest fiber-segment plays a key role in dynamics when the network is excited with waves of short wavelength. In this case, the Bloch modes are highly non-affine as the longest segments oscillate close to their resonances. Based on this observation, we predict the low frequency dispersion curves of random fiber networks.
‘We don't tell people what to do’: ethical practice and Indigenous health promotion
Authors: McPhail‐Bell Karen , Bond Chelsea , Brough Mark , Fredericks Bronwyn
Published: November 2015

Health promotion aspires to work in empowering, participatory ways, with the goal of supporting people to increase control over their health. However, buried in this goal is an ethical tension: while increasing people's autonomy, health promotion also imposes a particular, health promotion‐sanctioned version of what is good. This tension positions practitioners precariously, where the ethos of empowerment risks increasing health promotion's paternalistic control over people, rather than people's control over their own health. Herein we argue that this ethical tension is amplified in Indigenous Australia, where colonial processes of control over Indigenous lands, lives and cultures are indistinguishable from contemporary health promotion ‘interventions’. Moreover, the potential stigmatisation produced in any paternalistic acts ‘done for their own good’ cannot be assumed to have evaporated within the self‐proclaimed ‘empowering’ narratives of health promotion. This issue's guest editor's call for health promotion to engage ‘with politics and with philosophical ideas about the state and the citizen’ is particularly relevant in an Indigenous Australian context. Indigenous Australians continue to experience health promotion as a moral project of control through intervention, which contradicts health promotion's central goal of empowerment. Therefore, Indigenous health promotion is an invaluable site for discussion and analysis of health promotion's broader ethical tensions. Given the persistent and alarming Indigenous health inequalities, this paper calls for systematic ethical reflection in order to redress health promotion's general failure to reduce health inequalities experienced by Indigenous Australians.
Unusual Mott transition in multiferroic PbCrO
3
Authors: Wang Shanmin , Zhu Jinlong , Zhang Yi , Yu Xiaohui , Zhang Jianzhong , Wang Wendan , Bai Ligang , Qian Jiang , Yin Liang , Sullivan Neil S. , Jin Changqing , He Duanwei , Xu Jian , Zhao Yusheng
Published: November 2015

Significance

Understanding of the insulator–metal Mott transition in correlated systems has been one of the central themes in condensed-matter physics for more than half a century. The original Mott concept of a transition mechanism has been proposed in terms of the screening of Coulomb potential at high pressures, which, however, has not yet been experimentally validated. Such a scenario, for the first time to our knowledge, is unveiled in multiferroic PbCrO
3
with collapse of both the volume and Coulomb potential at high pressures, which is associated with atomic ferroelectric distortion. In addition, Mott critical behaviors, magnetic and ferroelectric properties, and the isostructural phase transition of this material are also explored. Findings in this work are fundamentally and technologically important for the study of correlated systems.
Can processes make relationships work? The Triple Helix between structure and action
Authors: Grant Kevin , Meyer Martin , Kuusisto Jari
Published: November 2015

This contribution seeks to explore how complex adaptive theory can be applied at the conceptual level to unpack Triple Helix models. We use two cases to examine this issue – the Finnish Strategic Centres for Science, Technology & Innovation (SHOKs) and the Canadian Business-led Networks of Centres of Excellence (BL-NCE). Both types of centres are organisational structures that aspire to be business-led, with a considerable portion of their activities driven by (industrial) users’ interests and requirements. Reflecting on the centres’ activities along three dimensions – knowledge generation, consensus building and innovation – we contend that conceptualising the Triple Helix from a process perspective will improve the dialogue between stakeholders and shareholders.
Incomplete proteasomal degradation of green fluorescent proteins in the context of tandem fluorescent protein timers
Authors: Khmelinskii Anton , Meurer Matthias , Ho Chi-Ting , Besenbeck Birgit , Füller Julia , Lemberg Marius K. , Bukau Bernd , Mogk Axel , Knop Michael
Published: November 2015

Tandem fluorescent protein timers (tFTs) report on protein age through time-dependent change in color, which can be exploited to study protein turnover and trafficking. Each tFT, composed of two fluorescent proteins (FPs) that differ in maturation kinetics, is suited to follow protein dynamics within a specific time range determined by the maturation rates of both FPs. So far, tFTs have been constructed by combining slower-maturing red fluorescent proteins (redFPs) with the faster-maturing superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP). Toward a comprehensive characterization of tFTs, we compare here tFTs composed of different faster-maturing green fluorescent proteins (greenFPs) while keeping the slower-maturing redFP constant (mCherry). Our results indicate that the greenFP maturation kinetics influences the time range of a tFT. Moreover, we observe that commonly used greenFPs can partially withstand proteasomal degradation due to the stability of the FP fold, which results in accumulation of tFT fragments in the cell. Depending on the order of FPs in the timer, incomplete proteasomal degradation either shifts the time range of the tFT toward slower time scales or precludes its use for measurements of protein turnover. We identify greenFPs that are efficiently degraded by the proteasome and provide simple guidelines for the design of new tFTs.
Student writing: gender and visibility; then and now
Authors: Poulsen Chris
Published: November 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine a selection of creative writings by students at one Australian secondary school over a period of 50-plus years, charting the frequency with which key markers of gender appear in student storytelling over this period and sampling the types of gendered representation demonstrated in these stories.

Design/methodology/approach

– Taken from a larger study, and grounded in feminist and poststructuralist reading practices, the research draws on Critical Discourse Analysis and quantifies verbal processes relating to gender using Halliday and Matthiessen’s Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) (2004).

Findings

– The research finds the visibility of females in the selected corpus has increased considerably, yet the nature of female and male participation in these texts remains comparatively unchanged when measured by the process types of Halliday and Matthiessen’s SFL (2004).

Originality/value

– If past decades of (pro)feminist choices are only challenging gendered patterns of representation at the level of quantity but not type, this has significant implications for teachers of English. The paper’s conclusion considers what more might be done in present and future teaching to assist students to problematise their own, as well as others’, representations of gender.
Dimensional Review of Scales for Forensic Photography
Authors: Ferrucci Massimiliano , Doiron Theodore D. , Thompson Robert M. , Jones John P. , Freeman Adam J. , Neiman Janice A.
Published: November 2015

Scales for photography provide a geometrical reference in the photographic documentation of a crime scene, pattern, or item of evidence. The ABFO No. 2 Standard Reference Scale (1) is used by the forensic science community as an accurate reference scale. We investigated the overall accuracy of the major centimeter graduations, internal/external diameters of the circles, error in placement of the circle centers, and leg perpendicularity. Four vendors were selected for the scales, and the features were measured on a vision‐based coordinate measurement system. The scales were well within the specified tolerance for the length graduations. After 4 years, the same scales were measured to determine what change could be measured. The scales demonstrated acceptable stability in the scale length and center‐to‐center measurements; however, the perpendicularity exhibited change. The study results indicate that scale quality checks using certified metal rulers are good practice.
‘Store their Minds with Much Valuable Knowledge’: Agricultural Improvement at the Selkirk Subscription Library, 1799‐1814
Authors: Towsey Mark
Published: November 2015

This article investigates the reception of agricultural improvement in the Scottish Borders, arguing that useful books and improving socialisation were mutually reinforcing in the Selkirk Subscription Library. Agricultural books were borrowed by farmers, clergymen, lawyers and medical men, who collaborated to found local debating societies and sponsor the production of improving literature. Their commitment to agricultural improvement is shown to have been one of several cultures of improvement in circulation at Selkirk, some dedicated to practical works of moral improvement and the cultivation of politeness in young minds, some to the patronage of local writers, local history and local traditions.
The Effect of Nursing Care Based on Comfort Theory on Women's Postpartum Comfort Levels After Caesarean Sections
Authors: Aksoy Derya Yeşim , Pasinlioğlu Türkan
Published: November 2015

Purpose

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nursing care based on comfort theory on women's postpartum comfort levels after C‐sections.

Methods

A quasi‐experimental design was used. The sample comprised 100 women who had C‐sections (50 experimental, 50 control).

Results

A total of 27 nursing diagnoses were determined. The physical (p = .000), psychospiritual (p = .249), and sociocultural (p = .001) subdimension mean scores on the Postpartum Comfort Scale were higher in the experimental group than they were in the control group. The mean total scores on the Postpartum Comfort Scale were 138.70 ± 8.79 in the experimental group and 131.06 ± 9.30 in the control group (p = .000).

Conclusion

Nursing care based on comfort theory for women having C‐sections met their comfort needs and increased their postpartum comfort levels.

Practice Implications

It is recommended that nursing care outcomes be compared using different nursing models.
Pyogenic granuloma caused by afatinib: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Inoue Akiha , Sawada Yu , Nishio Daisuke , Nakamura Motonobu
Published: November 2015

We report on the first case of pyogenic granulomas caused by afatinib. We also review the current literature concerning pyogenic granulomas caused by epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Barrier function of the nasal mucosa in health and type‐2 biased airway diseases
Authors: Zhang N. , Van Crombruggen K. , Gevaert E. , Bachert C.
Published: November 2015

The mucosal lining of the upper airways represents the outer surface of the body to the ambient air and its contents and is prepared for it as the first line of defense. Apart from the well‐described physical barrier and the mucociliary clearance, a variety of systems, including the airway microbiome, antimicrobial proteins, damage‐associated molecular patterns, innate lymphoid cells, epithelial‐derived cytokines and chemokines, and finally the adaptive immune system, as well as eosinophils as newly appreciated defense cells form different levels of protection against and response to any possible intruder. Of interest especially for allergic airway disease, mucosal germs might not just elicit a classical Th1/Th17‐biased inflammatory response, but may directly induce a type‐2 mucosal inflammation. Innovative therapeutic interventions may be possible at different levels also; however, whether modulations of the innate or adaptive immune responses will finally be more successful, and how the correction of the adaptive immune response might impact on the innate side, will be determined in the near future.
Surgery: no profession for a lady
Authors: Neuhaus Susan J.
Published: November 2015

There are currently over 700 active female Fellows of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, accounting for just less than 10% of the surgical workforce. The first female Fellow of the College was Lillian Violet Cooper, of Queensland, who was admitted to Fellowship on 17 June 1927. Over the following half century, 32 women obtained Fellowships, initially awarded on the basis of experience and clinical practice and then, from 1947, by passing the Fellowship examination. This paper will examine the contribution of some of these early pioneer women, not just as surgeons, but as role models, advocates of women in professional life and champions of equality.
Risk factors for the hypertensive phase after implantation of a glaucoma drainage device
Authors: Jung Kyoung In , Park Chan Kee
Published: November 2015

Purpose

To investigate risk factors for the development of the hypertensive phase after implantation of the Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV).

Methods

A total of 128 patients who had undergone AGV implantation were included in this study. The hypertensive phase was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) > 21 mmHg during the first 3 months after surgery. Failure was defined IOP > 21 mmHg or less than a 20% reduction from baseline on two consecutive study visits after 3 months.

Results

Mean age and preoperative IOP were not different between the hypertensive and non‐hypertensive groups (p = 0.054, 0.065, respectively). Axial length (AL) was significantly longer in the hypertensive group (25.2 ± 2.6 mm) than in the non‐hypertensive group (23.6 ± 1.6 mm; p = 0.006). AL was correlated with postoperative IOP at 1 and 3 months postoperatively (r = 0.176, p = 0.047; r = 0.363, p < 0.001), but not at 6 months and 1 year postoperatively (p = 0.105, 0.068). Only AL was significantly associated with development of the hypertensive phase (p = 0.026) in the binary logistic regression analysis. The development of hypertensive phase was higher in the high‐myopia group (95.1%) than in the non‐high myopia group (79.3%; p = 0.011). The cumulative probability of success at postoperative 1 year was 96.5% in the non‐high myopia group and 95.1% in the high myopia group (p = 0.784).

Conclusions

Eyes with high myopia were at the greatest risk for developing hypertension following implantation of a glaucoma drainage valve.
The muscle contraction mode determines lymphangiogenesis differentially in rat skeletal and cardiac muscles by modifying local lymphatic extracellular matrix microenvironments
Authors: Greiwe L. , Vinck M. , Suhr F.
Published: November 2015

Aim

Lymphatic vessels are of special importance for tissue homeostasis, and increases of their density may foster tissue regeneration. Exercise could be a relevant tool to increase lymphatic vessel density (LVD); however, a significant lack of knowledge remains to understand lymphangiogenesis in skeletal muscles upon training. Interestingly, training‐induced lymphangiogenesis has never been studied in the heart. We studied lymphangiogenesis and LVD upon chronic concentric and chronic eccentric muscle contractions in both rat skeletal (Mm. Edl and Sol) and cardiac muscles.

Methods/Results

We found that LVD decreased in both skeletal muscles specifically upon eccentric training, while this contraction increased LVD in cardiac tissue. These observations were supported by opposing local remodelling of lymphatic vessel‐specific extracellular matrix components in skeletal and cardiac muscles and protein levels of lymphatic markers (Lyve‐1, Pdpn, Vegf‐C/D). Confocal microscopy further revealed transformations of lymphatic vessels into vessels expressing both blood (Cav‐1) and lymphatic (Vegfr‐3) markers upon eccentric training specifically in skeletal muscles. In addition and phenotype supportive, we found increased inflammation (NF‐κB/p65, Il‐1β, Ifn‐γ, Tnf‐α and MPO+ cells) in eccentrically stressed skeletal, but decreased levels in cardiac muscles.

Conclusion

Our data provide novel mechanistic insights into lymphangiogenic processes in skeletal and cardiac muscles upon chronic muscle contraction modes and demonstrate that both tissues adapt in opposing manners specifically to eccentric training. These data are highly relevant for clinical applications, because eccentric training serves as a sufficient strategy to increase LVD and to decrease inflammation in cardiac tissue, for example in order to reduce tissue abortion in transplantation settings.
The haemodynamic effects of intravenous paracetamol (acetaminophen) in healthy volunteers: a double‐blind, randomized, triple crossover trial
Authors: Chiam Elizabeth , Weinberg Laurence , Bailey Michael , McNicol Larry , Bellomo Rinaldo
Published: November 2015

Aim

The haemodynamic effects of intravenous paracetamol have not been systematically investigated. We compared the physiological effects of intravenous mannitol‐containing paracetamol, and an equivalent dosage of mannitol, and normal saline 0.9% in healthy volunteers.

Methods

We performed a blinded, triple crossover, randomized trial of 24 adult healthy volunteers. Participants received i.v. paracetamol (1 g paracetamol +3.91 g mannitol 100 ml–1), i.v. mannitol (3.91 g mannitol 100 ml–1) and i.v. normal saline (100 ml). Composite primary end points were changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) measured pre‐infusion, during a 15 min infusion period and over a 45 min observation period. Systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) and cardiac index were measured at the same time points.

Results

Infusion of paracetamol induced a transient yet significant decrease in blood pressures from pre‐infusion values (MAP –1.85 mmHg, 95% CI –2.6, –1.1, SBP –0.54 mmHg, 95% CI –1.7, 0.6 and DBP −1.92 mmHg, 95% CI –2.6, –1.2, P < 0.0001), associated with a transient reduction in SVRI and an increase in cardiac index. Changes were observed, but to a lesser extent with normal saline (MAP –0.15 mmHg, SBP +1.44 mmHg, DBP −–0.73 mmHg, P < 0.0001), but not with mannitol (MAP +1.47 mmHg, SBP +4.03 mmHg, DBP +0.48 mmHg, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

I.v. paracetamol caused a transient decrease in blood pressure immediately after infusion. These effects were not seen with mannitol or normal saline. The physiological mechanism was consistent with vasodilatation. This study provides plausible physiological data in a healthy volunteer setting, supporting transient changes in haemodynamic variables with i.v. paracetamol and justifies controlled studies in the peri‐operative and critical care setting.
What is the evidence for the role of TRP channels in inflammatory and immune cells?
Authors: Parenti A , De Logu F , Geppetti P , Benemei S
Published: November 2015

A complex network of many interacting mechanisms orchestrates immune and inflammatory responses. Among these, the cation channels of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family expressed by resident tissue cells, inflammatory and immune cells and distinct subsets of primary sensory neurons, have emerged as a novel and interrelated system to detect and respond to harmful agents. TRP channels, by means of their direct effect on the intracellular levels of cations and/or through the indirect modulation of a large series of intracellular pathways, orchestrate a range of cellular processes, such as cytokine production, cell differentiation and cytotoxicity. The contribution of TRP channels to the transition of inflammation and immune responses from a defensive early response to a chronic and pathological condition is also emerging as a possible underlying mechanism in various diseases. This review discusses the roles of TRP channels in inflammatory and immune cell function and provides an overview of the effects of inflammatory and immune TRP channels on the pathogenesis of human diseases.