bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scrambling Eggs: Meiotic Drive and the Evolution of Female Recombination Rates
Authors: Brandvain Yaniv , Coop Graham
Published: December 2011

Theories to explain the prevalence of sex and recombination have long been a central theme of evolutionary biology. Yet despite decades of attention dedicated to the evolution of sex and recombination, the widespread pattern of sex differences in the recombination rate is not well understood and has received relatively little theoretical attention. Here, we argue that female meiotic drivers—alleles that increase in frequency by exploiting the asymmetric cell division of oogenesis—present a potent selective pressure favoring the modification of the female recombination rate. Because recombination plays a central role in shaping patterns of variation within and among dyads, modifiers of the female recombination rate can function as potent suppressors or enhancers of female meiotic drive. We show that when female recombination modifiers are unlinked to female drivers, recombination modifiers that suppress harmful female drive can spread. By contrast, a recombination modifier tightly linked to a driver can increase in frequency by enhancing female drive. Our results predict that rapidly evolving female recombination rates, particularly around centromeres, should be a common outcome of meiotic drive. We discuss how selection to modify the efficacy of meiotic drive may contribute to commonly observed patterns of sex differences in recombination.
Symptoms and Time to Medical Care in Children With Accidental Extremity Fractures
Authors: Farrell Caitlin , Rubin David M. , Downes Kevin , Dormans John , Christian Cindy W.
Published: December 2011

Background And Objective:

Delay in seeking medical care is one criterion used to identify victims of abuse. However, typical symptoms of accidental fractures in young children and the time between injury and the seeking of medical care have not been reported. We describe patient and injury characteristics that influence the time from injury to medical care.

Methods:

Parental interviews were conducted for children <6 years old with accidental extremity fractures. Demographic characteristics, signs and symptoms of the injury, and fracture location and severity were described and examined for their association with a delay (>8 hours) in seeking medical care.

Results:

Among 206 children, 69% had upper extremity fractures. The median time to the first medical evaluation was 1 hour, but 21% were seen at >8 hours after injury. Although 91% of children cried after the injury, only 83% were irritable for >30 minutes. Parents observed no external sign of injury in 15% of children, and 12% used the injured extremity normally. However, all parents noted at least 1 sign or symptom. Minority children (odds ratio [OR]: 2.54 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–5.47), those with lower extremity injuries (OR: 2.23 [95% CI: 1.01–4.90]), those without external signs of injury (OR: 3.40 [95% CI: 1.36–8.51]), and those with continued extremity use (OR: 3.26 [95% CI: 1.22–8.76]) were more likely to delay seeking medical care.

Conclusions:

Although some children did not manifest all expected responses, no child with an accidental fracture was asymptomatic. Delay in seeking medical care was associated with more subtle signs of injury; however, delays identified in minority patients are unexplained.
Executive Cognitive Functioning Abilities of Male First Time and Return Canadian Federal Inmates
Authors: Ross Erin H. , Hoaken Peter N.S.
Published: December 2011

A primary goal of forensic rehabilitation programming for incarcerated offenders is to eliminate or, at the very least, decrease rates of recidivism. However, repeat offending continues to occur, and studies suggest that reductions in recidivism brought about by programs are modest. Indeed, a series of studies suggests decreases in recidivism ranging between only 7% and 14%. While several factors have been identified as potential contributors to criminal behaviour, one notion that has garnered much attention is that an individual may be predisposed to criminality if s/he has deficits in executive cognitive functioning. At this time, the link between executive functioning and antisocial behaviour is largely unquestioned. However, it remains uncertain whether executive deficits may be even more profound in offenders who have served multiple terms of imprisonment. Using a cross sectional design, 93 Canadian federal inmates, categorized as either first timers (n=56) or return inmates (n=37) were tested on a battery of executive cognitive-functioning measures. In keeping with our hypotheses, return inmates showed more severe and pervasive patterns of executive dysfunction. These results suggest that improved focus on ameliorating ECF deficits of offenders may further assist in decreasing recidivism.
To compare the efficacy of triple therapy with furazolidone, amoxicillin and omeprazole for two weeks and three weeks in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in Bangladeshi duodenal ulcer patients
Authors: Saha SK , Saha SK , Masud H , Islam N , Raihan ASMA , Roy PK , Hasan M
Published: December 2011

Helicobacter pylori eradication is the mainstay in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori associated peptic ulcer disease. Furazolidone was tried in several developing countries and showed good results in some trials. Increasing the duration of treatment has been shown to improve the eradication rate. This study was done to compare the efficacy of triple therapy for two weeks (Group–A) and three weeks (Group–B) consisting of omeprazole 20 mg b.d. amoxicillin 1gm b.d. and furazolidone 200 mg b.d. in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in duodenal ulcer patient. A total of 70 duodenal ulcer patients with Helicobacter pylori infection were included in the study. Healing of duodenal ulcer was assessed three months after the end of treatment and at the same time Helicobacter pylori eradication assessed by Campylobacter Like Organism (CLO) test and histology. In group–A, duodenal ulcer was healed in 17(58.62%) patients and Helicobacter pylori was eradicated in 15(52%) patients. In group-B, duodenal ulcer was healed in 19(61.30%) patients and Helicobacter pylori was eradicated in 18(58%) patients. Healing of duodenal ulcer was not significantly different between two groups. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori was also not significantly different between two groups. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v37i3.9118 BMRCB 2011; 37(3): 83-87
Antibody responses after hepatitis B vaccination among maintenance haemodialysis patients
Authors: Nahar K , Jahan M , Nessa A , Tabassum S
Published: December 2011

In haemodialysis patients, hepatitis B virus infection has higher mortality and is more likely to result in the carrier state. Although Hepatitis B vaccine is effective in producing protection against HBV infection, the antibody response may be variable. In this study, seroprotection rate of hepatitis B vaccine in maintenance haemodialysis patients was studied after primary vaccination and after completion of the full vaccine regime. 50 unvaccinated patients on maintenance haemodialysis were included in this study. Patients negative for HBsAg, Anti-HBc (total) and Anti-HCV were vaccinated with 40μg of Engerix B following a schedule of 0, 1, and 2 months. The antibody titer was tested at 3rd month and if the titer was <10 or between 10-100 mIU/ml, they were given another 4th dose of vaccine at 6th month, and their antibody titer was tested again at 7th month. In maintenance haemodialysis patients, the response rate to HBV vaccine was 44% after the primary vaccination and 80% after completion of the full vaccine regime. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v37i3.9119 BMRCB 2011; 37(3): 88-91
Evaluation of the results of posterior decompression, posterolateral fusion and stabilization by pedicle screw and rod in traumatic thoracolumbar fractures
Authors: Islam MA , Sakeb N , Islam A , Sarker SK , Mondol SK
Published: December 2011

This study is to evaluate the clinical and radiological success of posterior decompression, posterolateral fusion and stabilization by pedicle screw and rod in the management of traumatic thoracolumbar fractures. It is a prospective interventional study which is carried out in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University and different private hospitals in Dhaka city from January 2008 to December 2010. Total 16 patients were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were 10 male patients and 06 female within a age range of 21-40 years. Mean age was 33.32 years. Total 08 cases involved L1, 03 cases involved at D12, 02 cases involved at D11 and at L2 each whereas 01 case at L3. Total 10 cases were of compression fracture and remainder 06 burst fractures. Ten (10) patients presented with paraparesis, 05 patients with incomplete paraplegia and 01 patient with complete paraplegia. All the patients were followed up for minimum 1 year. Patients with paraparesis fully recovered neurologically and could walk without support. All the 05 patients with incomplete paraplegia also recovered fully except 01 which gained partial improvement and walks with aids. One patient with complete paraplegia remained unchanged. Our results show that posterior decompression posterolateral fusion and stabilization by pedicle screw and rod provides a safe and effective surgical option for management of traumatic thoracolumbar fractures. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v37i3.9121 BMRCB 2011; 37(3): 97-101
Burn injuries in neonates admitted in Chittagong Medical College Hospital
Authors: Bhuiyan Md Akbar Husain , Hoque Md Momtazul , Chowdhury Tanvir Kabir , Farooq Abdullah Al , Sajid Md Minhajuddin , Rahman MA Mushfiqur , Banu Tahmina
Published: December 2011

Keywords: burn; neonate; scald; flame burnDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jcmcta.v22i1.9109 JCMCTA 2011; 22(1): 28-31
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis: a case report
Authors: Alam Mansurul , Barua Barnali , Mowla Md Rafiqul , Ullah GM Zakawat , Rahman Md Habibur , Dey Nishith Ranjan , Hoque Roksana , Ahmad Mostafa Khaled
Published: December 2011

Keywords: papilloma virus; cauliflower like growth; skin graftingDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jcmcta.v22i1.9113 JCMCTA 2011; 22(1): 43-46
Lower-limb Amputations in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Pino Alejandro E. , Taghva Samantha , Chapman Cary , Bowker John H.
Published: December 2011

It is estimated that approximately 23.6 million people in the United States have diabetes mellitus. With adequate control of this disease and appropriate foot care and basic surveillance, many patients can lead active and healthy lifestyles. However, some patients experience complications associated with poorly controlled glucose levels, including lower-extremity ulcerations and infections. When conservative measures have failed in treating these conditions, a lower-extremity amputation is an option for patients seeking to gain maximal functional recovery. A complete preoperative workup includes assessment of healing potential and preoperative ambulatory status, control or optimization of comorbidities when possible, and determination of amputation level using modern diagnostic modalities.

Once the decision to proceed with an amputation has been made, it is important to choose an appropriate level of amputation and practice sound surgical technique. This article describes the preoperative evaluation and operative techniques involved in performing amputations on diabetic patients and reviews the current literature on the most common lower-extremity amputations performed in the care of infections in the feet of patients with diabetes mellitus.
Retained Broken Outflow Cannula Recovered 6 Years Post-Knee Arthroscopy
Authors: Bansal Mohit , Heckl Frank , English Kate
Published: December 2011

One of the most common procedures performed in orthopedics is knee arthroscopy, and a variety of complications are found with this procedure. One of the most avoidable complications is that of retained instruments. This article describes the case of a patient in the private practice orthopedic setting who returned 6 years after a knee arthroscopic procedure reporting acute onset pain. It was discovered that a broken piece of the outflow cannula that had been used in the arthroscopy was present in her knee joint. This particular case highlights the importance of diligence within the operating room. A variety of instrument failures have been discussed in the literature, and these instrument failures must be considered when discharging patients from surgical procedures. Surgeons and operating room staff must be meticulous in inspection of surgical instruments both before and after the procedure. In our case, the instrument that had broken during the arthroscopic procedure fractured in such a way that it was not immediately evident. Had the staff noticed the change in the instrument either after the initial procedure or before the subsequent procedures in which the instrument was used, the patient could have been notified about the incident sooner.
A Full-Scale Study on Preozonation of Typical Source Waters in North China
Authors: Yue Shang Chao , Wang Qi Shan , Li Si Si , Zhang Yi Ran , Liu Yan Fang , Lu Jin Feng
Published: December 2011

In this full-scale study, water treatment processes with preozonation were carried out. This work estimated the performence of preozonation of two typical kinds of surface waters in North China, Luan River and Yellow River. UV254, algae, chlorophyll a, Trihalomethanes Formation Potential(THMFP) and Haloacetic Acids Formation Potential(HAAFP) were investigated. In addition, formaldehyde and bromate, which are the main ozonation by-products, were also measured. Results showed that preozonation played an important role in reducing algae, chlorophyll a and UV254. About 33% of THMFP and HAAFP were removed by preozonation. Moreover, the processes applied in this study with preozonation were applicable to different raw water, and the water quality of the effluent was greatly improved. In the final effluent, half of the THMFP and HAAFP were removed. Formaldehyde and bromate were both below the limits(900 μg/L and 10 μg/L, separately).
Experiment Investigation Absorption of Mercury by Modified Fly Ash Dust Layer Attaching on Filter
Authors: Wang Huan , Diao Yong Fa
Published: December 2011

As to figure out the effect that modified fly ash, which is prepared by fly ash –CaO, and modified fly ash dust layer attached on the surface of the filter material adsorbed elemental mercury, experimental studies are administrated in a laboratory-scale fixed bed reactor system with gaseous elemental mercury produced by a mercury vapor generator and simulated flue gas composition. The experimental results indicated that the adsorption performance of fly ash and CaO relatively poor. The proportion of CaO in the modified fly ash will affected the mercury removal efficiency of the absorbent which prepared by fly ash and CaO. It will be an optimal effect when the blend ratio of the flying ash and CaO is 2 to 1, and the maximum removal efficiency is up to 34%.As the adsorption temperature increases the removal efficiency of the modified fly ash deteriorates. The efficiency of dust layer attaching on the surface of the filter material is getting higher with the larger porosity of dust layer and smaller particle material size.
Graphene in Transistor Technology
Authors: Cai Jia Yuan , Wang Xin
Published: December 2011

To improve the electronic property of transistor, especially in increasing cutoff frequency, studies were taking in looking for high electron mobility material. IBM et.al companies have paid a serious attention on graphene in brand new Carbon transistor, for it play a ultramundane good electric property in working state[1], the novel graphene channel based fast-speed FET helped A. K. Geim and K. S. Novoselov won the Noble Physics Prize in 2010.
Photosynthetic Characteristics for Mongolian Scots Pine Plantation and its Relation with Environmental Factors
Authors: Zhang Jie , Liu Zhao Gang
Published: December 2011

The needles' light dynamic response for net photosynthetic rate (Pn), the diurnal changes of net photosynthetic rates of annual Mongolian Scots pine and the relationship between of its Pn and environmental factors were studied in this paper by using LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system. Results show that needles at different positions of the crown have different light response for their net photosynthetic rate. Pn, photosynthetic saturated light intensity (PSLI) and light compensation point (LCP) of needles decreased from upper-crown through mid-crown to lower-crown. It suggests that different light dynamic responses of needles at different positions be related to micro-light environment to which needles acclimated in a long time. Diurnal variation of Pn showed a single peak. It had significantly positive correlation with stomatal conduction (Cond), transpiration rate (Tr) (at 0.01 level) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (at 0.05 level), and significantly negative correlation with the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) (at 0.05 level).
Preparation of Fully Biodegradable Poly(L-lactide) and Poly(ethylene succinate) Blend and its Crystallization Property
Authors: Fan Xin
Published: December 2011

Both poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(ethylene succinate) (PES) are biodegradable synthetic aliphatic polyesters with excellent biocompatibility. They are semicrystalline thermoplastic polymers processed by most conventional processing methods. In view of their complementary properties, blending PLLA with PES becomes a promising approach to improve the properties of PLLA without compromising its biodegradability. In the present work, fully biodegradable PLLA/PES blend(the weight ratio 90/10) was melt-blended in stainless steel chamber. The crystallization morphology was investigated using a polarized optical microscope (POM), showing more clear spherulites with typical crosslink extinction patterns and faster crystallization rate of PLLA in blend at the lower heating rate. It clearly showed that the addition of PES largely increased the crystallization rate of PLLA and improved the crystallinity of PLLA in blends.
Reflections on Carbon Tax on Way to Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Authors: Zhang Xiao Yan , Qiu Yan Lei , Shen Pei Long
Published: December 2011

Carbon dioxide is one of the most important greenhouse gases which have caused the global warm. Reducing greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide emission, has become the hot spot of environmental issues in the current society of international world. Based on the analysis of carbon dioxide emissions in the global environment and the present introduction of carbon tax as a tool for reducing carbon dioxide emissions, the paper, on a unique perspective, compared some related conceptions in deep and analyzed the principle of the means in reducing carbon dioxide from the perspective of macro and micro. Finally, the paper gave the conclusion of China's carbon tax in the current implementation of specific measures.
Research on Performance of Vetier (Vetiveria zizanioides) Cellulose Micro/Nano Fibrils Isolated by High Intensity Ultrasonication
Authors: Wang Xin , Wu Yan , Huang Jin Tian
Published: December 2011

The cellulose micro/nano fibrils of Vetier (Vetiveria zizanioides) were isolated by high intensity ultrasonication in this paper. The basic properties of micro/nano fibrils were evaluated by WAXD and FTIR. The results showed that the relative crystallinity decreased when treated by high intensity ultrasonication. The characteristic absorption peak moved to higher wave number and the type of group increased with increasing the vibration of ultrasonication. The characteristic absorption peak moved to higher wave number with increasing treated time, however, the effect was insignificant.
Study on Synthesis and Characterization of a Fluorescence Probe and its Application for Determination of Superoxide Anion Radical
Authors: Zhao Yong Qiang , Lin Hong , Li Lai Hao , Yang Xian Qing , Hao Shu Xian , Cen Jian Wei , Wei Ya , Qi Bo , Huang Hui
Published: December 2011

A novel Schiff base, 2-(Salicylideneamino)pyridine (2-SAP) synthesized by 2-aminopyridine and salicylaldehyde was used as a fluorescence probe to determine superoxide anion radical (O2•-) in this study. The synthetic product was characterized by IR, 1H-NMR and GC-MS methods. A fluorescence quenching reaction occurs between 2-SAP and O2•-, and the fluorescence intensity decreased significantly. The effect of pyrogallol concentration (2.0×10-5 M to1.0×10-3 M) was discussed in this study. In the range from 2.0×10-5 M to 1.0×10-4 M, relative fluorescence intensity (y) and pyrogallol concentration (x) shown a good linear relationship, y=37.801x+76.854, r=0.993. Based on this phenomenon, the O2•- generated by pyrogallol autoxidation could be determined simply with high sensitivity.
Surface Modification of Acid Activated Polyamide Fiber by Immobilizing Collagen
Authors: Wang Xue Chuan , Wang Pei Yi , Qiang Tao Tao , Ren Long Fang
Published: December 2011

Collagen was immobilized onto moderate acid activated polyamide fibers with glutaraldehyde (cross-linking agent) aimed to improve its sanitary property. The immobilization of collagen onto polyamide fiber was estimated by dyeing collagen modified fabrics with a cationic brilliant red 5GN, and determining the dyeing properties of the dyed fabrics. The modification also confirmed technically by Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Atomic force microscope (AFM). Cationic dyeing showed brighter and more even dyeing properties of the collagen modified fabrics compared to the non-treated fabrics. From DSC results, it was found that the thermo-stability of the non-treated and collagen modified fabrics changed a lot. The morphology of different samples from SEM and AFM also approved the immobilization of collagen. The moisture absorption and hydrophilicity of the fabrics after collagen immobilization improved compared to the non-treated fabrics.
The study on Characteristics of Surface-Active Polymer
Authors: Sui Yan Fen
Published: December 2011

Through the indoor comparative experiments, this paper studied the viscosity and surface tension of surface-active polymer, and calculated the critical micelle concentration, the surface adsorption capacity, molecular occupied area, and other parameters. Through comparing with intermediate molecular weight polymer, it is found out that surface-active polymer has characteristics of high viscosity and its viscosity is higher than common polymer under the same concentration. As a new type of polymer, surface-active polymer can reduce the tension and present a certain activity. The critical micelle concentration of surface-active polymer is 0.2532 g/L, the surface adsorption capacity is 1.678×10 -10mol.cm -2,and the molecule occupies an area of 0.9899 nm 2 .This theme also studied the emulsifying power and the characteristic of static and dynamic adsorption. The results show that the agents have approved emulsifying power with only 38% of the excluded water during 30 days. The static adsorption capacity of surface-active polymer is 1.92 mg/g. Under the same condition, its dynamic retention volume is greater than the amount of polymer retention.
Preparation and Characterization of Heparin-Immobilized Poly(Ether Urethanes)
Authors: Lian Li Ming , Leng Bing , Ma Xiao Hua
Published: December 2011

Heparin (Hep)-immobilized poly(ether urethanes) (PU) was prepared by a unique preparation procedure. Firstly, the poly(ether urethanes)(PU) containing diester groups in the side chains were synthesized. Then, PU was dispersed in aqueous solutions and immobilized with heparin after the hydrolysis of diester groups and carboxylation. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and water contact angle (WCA) were used to characterize the heparin-bonded PU. The amount of heparin grafted on the PU was determined to be 0.57wt.% by the toluidine blue method. The heparin-immobilized PU could release just 12% of the immobilized heparin in the early 10 hours of the 70 hours immobilized heparin stability test.
Research on the Configurations and Singularity of Serial-Parallel Mechanism
Authors: Luo Jian Guo , He Mao Yan
Published: December 2011

Methods to analysis the DOF(degree of freedom) and singularity of pure serial and pure parallel manipulator, which can not be used to the serial-parallel manipulator directly, three type of practical topological units and one type of virtual topological unit adopted, Synthesis method of topological dimensionality of the spatial mobility of each topological unit integrated together, architectures of serial-paralle mechanism discussed, also the formula and process of its topological dimensionality of spatial mobility presented, singularity analysis of serial-parallel mechanism can be carried out based on the forgoing results.
Study on Pore Diameter Regulation of Thiol Functionalized Mesoporous Silica and Cu2+ Adsorption Performance
Authors: Xue Xiao Ming , Guo Hai Tao , Wang Hong Tao , Zhuang Sheng Bin
Published: December 2011

New thiol modified mesoporous adsorbent with different pore sizes was synthesized by hydrothermal, with triblock copolymers pluronic (F127) and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTMABr) functioned as the mixing template, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) functioned as pore-expanding agent. Adsorption performance of different pore sized mesoporous adsorbents was studied by treatment of Heavy metal Cu2+. Results showed that the optimum dosage was molar ratio of 1.5 between TMB and surfactant, and under that condition, the BET pore size was 6.554 nm and BET pore volume was 0.6134cm3/g. The adsorption of Cu2+ on mesoporous adsorbents fitted well to Redlich-Peterson isotherm equation, which indicated chemisorption was dominant in the process of heavy metal adsorption on the mesoporous adsorption and monomolecular layer adsorption took advantage. According to Langmuir equation, QL was 0.6210 mmol/g, and that demonstrated pore-expanding treatment could not only enlarge pore volume and diameter, but also effectively increase the contact area with heavy metals. Pore-expanded functionalized mesoporous silica could act as the optimal adsorbents for heavy metal adsorption.
Surface Stress Measurement of Aluminum Alloy by X-Ray Diffraction Method
Authors: Wei Shao Jie , Liao Kai
Published: December 2011

Surface residual stress distributions introduced by several surface treatments of 7075 aluminum alloy were acquired by non-destructive X-ray diffraction method. On the one hand, stress evolutions of the surface treated specimens were measured and analyzed to guide laboratory tests and engineering practices. On the other hand, the advantages of X-ray diffraction method in some test cases and reliability and accuracy of the measurements are discussed compared with the center hole-drilling method. The results show that X-ray method is flexible and accurate especially in measuring shallow surface layers stresses, which may be difficult or even be impossible to measure using traditional mechanical test methods. Different surface treatments introduce various distributed stresses and the latter treatment may remove the effects of the former one, so a practical treatment containing portable grinding wheel polishing, cross fine metallographic grinding machine polishing or low-speed milling, and mechanical polishing or electropolishing is suggested which can reduce the effects of external stresses introduced by surface treatments.
Deposition Mechanism Study of a Novel Electroless Nickel Plating Technique on AZ91D Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Qian Jian Gang , Zhao Tian
Published: December 2011

A novel direct electroless nickel plating method was developed for the AZ91D magnesium alloy. The electroless nickel initial deposition morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The initial deposition characteristics of the coating and the deposition mechanism of the nickel layer are discussed. The results show that after activation, an uneven scaly-activated membrane was formed on the AZ91D magnesium alloy surface. The weakest part of the activated membrane dissolved first, where small Ni particles deposited initially. These deposited Ni particles had high catalytic activity and they were involved in the catalytic reduction reaction of hypophosphite, from which P was precipitated. As the plating proceeded, the number of the deposited Ni particles gradually increased in a three-dimensional manner and the surface was gradually covered by the growing cellular particles. A compact pore-free nickel-plated film was finally formed.
Effect of Coiling Temperature and Cold Reduction Ratio on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Nb Microalloying Added Phosphorus High Strength IF Steel
Authors: Wang Min Li , Zheng Zhi Wang , Xiao Li
Published: December 2011

Nb microalloying added phosphorus high strength IF steel was used to study the effect of coiling temperature and cold reduction ratio on the microstructures and mechanical properties. The experimental results showed that the recrystallization had finished. Under coiling temperature 650°C and cold reduction ratio 75%, and under coiling temperature 600°C or 700°C and cold reduction ratio 65%, the yield strength, tensile strength were lower , the elongation was higher. The plastic strain ratio r value and the strain hardening exponent n value were reached the higher value, respectively, the r value was approximate 1.8, and the n value was approximate 0.26. Therefore, the suggested the optimal coiling temperature is 700°C, cold reduction ratio is 65% to 75%, and it is optimal process of Nb microalloying added phosphorus high strength.
A Practical Heuristic Algorithm for the Minimum Founder Set Reconstructive Problem
Authors: Wu Jing Li
Published: December 2011

It has been generally accepted that current-day population evolved from a small number of specific sequences called founders, and the genomic sequences (called recombinants) of individuals within the population are composed of segments from the founders due to recombination. In this paper, the minimum founder set problem is studied. A practical heuristic algorithm HMFS is presented for solving the problem, which partitions the sites of founders into three parts and reconstructs them respectively. Experimental results show that HMFS can solve the minimum founder set problem fast and effectively. Furthermore, when the number of recombinants and SNP sites grows large, HMFS is still able to find satisfied solution to this problem very quickly. Hence it is practical in realistic applications
Comparison of Biomass and Oil Productivity of Selected Microalgae in Livestock Wastewater
Authors: Shen Ying , Yuan Wen Qiao
Published: December 2011

This study aimed to compare the biomass and oil productivity from three selected microalgae strains (Botryocococcus braunii, Scenedesmus dimorphus, and Nannochlorpsis sp) using livestock wastewater for dual purposes of biofuel production and animal waste nutrient removal. The selected algal strains were batch-wise cultivated in the laboratory in Basal medium and livestock wastewater with optimal nutrient concentration. The results indicated that all three algae strains grew better in 50% autoclaved wastewater than in Basal medium. The maximum lipid yield of B. braunii, S. dimorphus, and N. sp were 0.61 g/l (38.88% lipid content), 0.69 g/l (61.76% lipid content), and 1.32 g/l (37.47% lipid content) all in 50% autoclaved wastewater. N and P in wastewater were completely removed by the three selected strains at day 21, respectively.
Construction of a Class of Nonseparable Compactly Supported Wavelets with Special Dilation Matrix in L2(R4)
Authors: Li Na
Published: December 2011

In this paper, a novel method to construct the compactly supported wavelet under a mild condition. The constructed wavelet satisfies the vanishing moment condition which is originated from the symbols of the scaling function.
Diversity and Composition of Ground-Dwelling Beetles in Cold Temperate Zone Wetland, Nanwenghe National Reserve, Northeast China
Authors: Zhang Bin , Hu Chun Xiang
Published: December 2011

Using pitfall traps, ground-dwelling beetle assemblages were investigated in Nanwenghe National Reserve, a typical Cold Temperate Zone wetland from Northeast China between 2009 and 2010. 9 sites comprised 3 habitat types, higher normal forest HNF, lower frozen forest LFF and lower frozen grass LFG were selected, and total of 1,289 individuals, consisting of 112 species were indentified. July and August had the peaks in diversity, richness and abundance. Rarefaction estimates of species richness indicated that traps in HNF had more species and individuals than LFF and LFG. According to the feeding habit, guilds was divided into four parts: Predators PR, Phytophagous PH, Scavengers SC, Fungivores FU, and PR>PH>SC>FU in quantity at both species and individual level, which suggested that the ground-dwelling beetles played an important role in substances cycle and energy flow of wetland ecosystem. Eretes sticticus, Cicindela hybrida, Pentodon mongolicus etc. displayed some particularities in different habitats, so the possibility that ground-dwelling beetles as indicator of quality of wetland or habitat environment was also discussed.
Experiment of L-Phenylalanine Fermentation in New Bioreactor
Authors: Xu Shu
Published: December 2011

L-phenylalanine fermentation (L-Phe) is produced by the preparation method of PPA-transamination using the ferment liquor, which is the production of the E.coli No.1 fermented in heat pipe bioreactor (HPBR), the technical indexes are superior. Compared with in the traditional agitated bioreactor, the biomass(taken its measure by OD value) of microbe fermented in new bioreactor is enhanced from 0.40 to 0.54, moreover, the average rate of L-Phe production by the preparation method of PPA-transamination is raised from 70% to 75%.
Exploration on the Method of Marine Mechanicals’ Condition Monitoring in the Equipments’ Fault Diagnoses
Authors: Zhang Jian , Liu Yu , He Chao
Published: December 2011

The faults of the marine mechanicals happens suddenly usually cause to loss hugely. So it’s necessary to monitor and analyze the condition of the machine machines. Now, more and more tools have been applied to the marine mechanicals’ condition monitoring and fault diagnoses. The spectral analysis technique has been widely used to detect the contents of abrasive metal in the lubricating oil. To mine the spectral data better, a method was put forward, which can be used to build the healthy record and reveal the important information about the operated conditions of the equipment. In the method, the similar information of the principal component in oil was obtained in the stable abrasion of the different friction pairs of equipment. The composition of mechanical and electrical equipment was also gained. The healthy record was created preliminarily according to all the information. In the malfunction detection of the equipment, cooperated with the data of the threshold of oil, the analysis results of spectra can be compared with the healthy record. So, the abnormal abrasion can be judged accurately.
Gaseous and Electrochemical Hydrogen Storage Kinetics of as-Spun Nanocrystalline Mg20Ni10-xCux (x = 0-4) Alloys
Authors: Zhang Yang Huan , Li Bao Wei , Ren Hui Ping , Li Xia , Zhang Guo Fang , Zhao Dong Liang
Published: December 2011

In order to improve the gaseous and electrochemical hydrogen storage kinetics of the Mg2Ni-type alloys, Ni in the alloy was partially substituted by element Cu. Melt-spinning technology was used for the preparation of the Mg20Ni10-xCux (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) hydrogen storage alloys. The structures of the as-cast and spun alloys are characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM. The gaseous hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics of the alloys were measured by an automatically controlled Sieverts apparatus. The electrochemical hydrogen storage kinetics of the as-spun alloys is tested by an automatic galvanostatic system. The results show that all the as-spun alloys hold an entire nanocrystalline structure and are free of amorphous phase. The substitution of Cu for Ni, instead of changing the major phase Mg2Ni, leads to a visible refinement of the grains of the as-cast alloys. Furthermore, both the melt spinning treatment and Cu substitution significantly improve the gaseous and electrochemical hydrogen storage kinetics of the alloys.
Production of Nanoaluminium Hydroxide from Iron Tailing and Characterization
Authors: Li Feng Feng , Zhang Ming Xi , Du Jiao , Hou Gui Qin , Shen Yi
Published: December 2011

Nanoaluminum hydroxide was extracted from iron tailing by the chemical deposition method and the structure, morphology and purity of product was attributed by XRF, FE-SEM, XRD, FT-IR, and DTA-TG, etc. The experimental results showed that the product was spherical in shape with granular size around 100-200nm in diameter. These results indicated that this technique is fit for commerial run to utilize iron tailing as a potential alumina resource in the future.
Study of Oxygen Transfer Process of Starch Wastewater in the Shaking Bioreactor
Authors: Lan Ping , Zhong Lei , Li Mei , Lan Li Hong , Xie Tao , Liao An Ping
Published: December 2011

The oxygen transfer process of starch wastewater in the shaking bioreactor was studied. A biological oxygen consumption system was simulated by the sodium sulfite solution. The effects of liquid volume ratio in different volume shake flasks, rotational speed and temperature on the volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient were investigated. The results show that the volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient increased with the increasing rotational speed and temperature, while decreased with the increasing volume of shaking flasks.
Study on the Heterojunction Photocatalyst Nb2WO8/ZnO Prepared by Ball Milling Method
Authors: Zhang Jin Feng , Yu Xiao Ling , Liu Wei , Chen Shi Fu
Published: December 2011

Orthorhombic Nb2WO8 was synthesized by solid state reaction in Nb2O5-WO3 system. Heterojunction photocatalyst Nb2WO8/ZnO was prepared by ball milling. The structural and optical properties of the photocatalyst were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and fluorescence emission spectroscopy.The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photocatalytic oxidation of rhodamine B and reduction of Cr6+. The results showed that the photocatalytic activity of the Nb2WO8/ZnO was higher than that of ZnO. When the amount of doped Nb2WO8 was 10 wt.% and the sample was ball milled for 9 h, the Nb2WO8/ZnO showed the optimal photocatalytic activity. Effect of ball milling time on the photocatalytic activity was also investigated. The mechanisms of the increase in the photocatalytic activity were discussed by the valence band principle.
The Effect of Surfactant and Alkali on the Surface Tension of Simulated Solutions of Alkali Activated Slag Cement System
Authors: Liu Xian Feng , Peng Jia Hui , Yang Chang Hui , Shu Yu Yan , Wu Da Chang
Published: December 2011

Alkali activated slag cement and concrete are high strength, rapid hardening, low heat of hydration, good durability and so on. Whereas, too high viscosity and bad workability of the fresh mixture is the crux of the matter to embarrass application of alkali-activated slag cement and concrete. Development of special superplasticizer for alkali activated slag cement and concrete is a worth exploring way to solve the problem, and the study on the surface tension of simulated solutions of alkali activated slag cement system is one of the basic researches about the special superplasticizer. In this paper, the surface tension of surfactant-alkali-water was studied by Wilhelmy method. The results showed, first, water-glass had the best efficacity of several alkali activators, when the modulus of water-glass was 1.5 and dosage of water-glass by Na2O was 8%, the surface tension was reduced by 33 mN/m and reduced to 39.9mN/m; second, [CH3(CH2)9]2N(CH3)2Cl had the best efficacity of several surfactants, when the concentration of [CH3(CH2)9]2N(CH3)2Cl was 50g/L, the surface tension was reduced by 35.3 mN/m and reduced to 32.5 mN/m; finally, the effect of surfactant and alkali together on the surface tension of water was complex, surfactants had hardly effective in water glass.
Effect of Stone Dust Content in Manufactured Sand on Chloride Diffusion Coefficient of Various Strength Grade Concretes
Authors: Li Peng Ping , Xiong Jian Bo , Fan Zhi Hong
Published: December 2011

The influence of stone dust content on chloride diffusion coefficient in C30, C40 and C50 grade concretes were investigated by means of the natural immersion test, XRD test, MIP test, SEM and TGA test, respectively. The experimental results showed that the chloride diffusion coefficient in C30 grade concretes decreased with increasing the stone dust content, but it decreased first and then increased with increasing the stone dust content in C40 and C50 grade concretes. The hydration degree for cementitious and compressive strength for concrete was slightly promoted by using stone dust replacing cementitious at a low level. For C30 grade concretes, the porosity decreased with increasing the stone dust content in fine aggregate, but for C40 and C50 grade concretes, the total porosity decreased first then increased with increasing the stone dust content. And the concrete pore structure was the main factor that influences the changes of chloride diffusion coefficient in concrete.
An Excess Heat Phenomenon Triggered by Pressure in a H-Pd Gas-Loading System
Authors: Tian Jian , Lu Xin , Jin Li Hong , Shen Bing Jun , Zhu Li Zhi , Zhao Xin Le , Wang Hong Yu , Zheng Xu Hao , Zhang Hong Ye
Published: December 2011

Some hydrogen atoms were being charged into metal palladium lattice and reached a certain ratio in a H-Pd gas-loading system under the pressure of PH2<1atm. The relationship between loading ratio, pressure and excess heat were studied at different reaction conditions. In one of the experiments the palladium wire was broken with a huge excess heat. The calculation results showed that about 2.2×104 Joules excess energy were released in that abnormal process, which was corresponding to 2.5×102eV for each palladium atom. Analysis on the surface of the melted broken section of palladium wire sample before and after the abnormal process with a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) revealed that new surface topographical features with concentrations of unexpected elements (Ag and Ca) were detected, which implied that the excess heat might come from a nuclear transmutation reaction
Preparation of Tin Nano-Spheres Film Anode Based on Copper-Nickel Nano-Pillars for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Kang Li Bin , Zhang Shi Chao , Lin Ruo Xu
Published: December 2011

Tin nano-spheres film was synthesized by electrodeposition based on the copper-nickel nano-pillars which were prepared by electrochemical method on the copper foil in an aqueous solution containing Cu (II) and Ni (II) at room temperature. The morphology, structure and composition of the as-prepared copper-nickel nano-pillars and tin nano-spheres were characterized by SEM, XRD, and EDS. The tin nano-spheres film anode features the large surface area, good electronic conductivity, and adhesion with the current collector, leading to the enhanced performance in lithium-ion batteries.
Effect of Temperature on Anaerobic Fermentation of Banana Stem Residue
Authors: Peng Zhi Lian , Wang Jin Lin , Jiao Jing , Zhang Jin , Zheng Yong , Wang Gang , Deng Yi Guo , Gao Wei Min , Qin Shuang Mei , Huang Tao
Published: December 2011

Anaerobic fermentation experiments were conducted on banana (pseudo) stem residue to study the relationship between fermentation temperature and gas production yield and gas production rate, and methane content. Based on fixed dry matter concentration, inoculum concentration and fermentation time, different temperatures, i.e. 25, 30, 35, 40°C were selected and formed four experimental groups. Four levels of single factor tests were conducted to optimize temperature parameter for anaerobic fermentation of banana stem residue. The results showed that the daily gas yield of banana stem residue reached the maximum value of 36.8L on the fourth day at 35°C, and the average gas yield was 5.03L/d. The total gas yield was 402.3L, while the maximum methane content was 61.2% in the whole fermentation process. The results indicated that the comprehensive effect was best at 35°C in anaerobic fermentation of banana stem residue.
Application of Software DYNAFORM to the Tube Forming Process with Multi-Stages
Authors: Wu Luo , Xiang Jia Wei
Published: December 2011

This paper introduces the software DYNAFORM which is specially used in the numerical simulation analysis of tube forming. The key components of this powerful software and the basic operating procedures are also introduced. One example of tube bending and hydroforming is simulated using this software. Based on the analyzing result, it shows that the simulation is simply and practically.
Effect of Tea Saponin on the Uptake of Cadmium by Corn from Soil
Authors: Xia Hui Long , Yan Zhi Jun , Yu Bin
Published: December 2011

Tea saponin (TS), a representative tea seed-derived biosurfactant, was effective in promoting the uptake of Cd from soil by corn (Zea Mays L.). The concentration of Cd in roots increased with the growth of corn, while for shoots, concentration of Cd increased rapidly at the beginning and reached the maximum in a short period and then gradually decreased against the uptake time. Over a 5 day growth period, Cd concentration was 116.9 mg/kg in roots and 104.19 mg/kg in shoots which were both about 1.6 times as that without TS. In addition, the accumulated Cd in corn was greatly inﬂuenced by TS concentrations in shoots and roots, the Cd contents in corn shoots and roots increased with the increasing concentrations of TS added in soil. The higher Cd accumulation in the roots and shoots indicated that TS had the potential in enhancing the uptake of Cd into corn in the concentration ranged 25-200 mg/kg.
Combined Effect of Electromagnetic Field and Grain Refiner on Microstructure of Φ310 Mm 7050 Aluminium Alloy Ingot
Authors: Zuo Yu Bo , Zhao Zhi Hao , Zhang Hai Tao , Qin Ke , Cui Jian Zhong
Published: December 2011

Grain refinement is quite important for producing 7050 alloy ingot especially in large scale. Low frequency electromagnetic casting (LFEC) process was used to make 7050 aluminum alloy Φ310 ingots and study the effect of electromagnetic field and grain refiner on the microstructure of 7050 alloy ingots. The results showed that both grain refiner and low frequency electromagnetic field can result in some grain refinement of 7050 alloy. However, the low frequency electromagnetic field shows more remarkable grain refinement. For the grain refined alloy by grain refiner, further significant grain refinement can be achieved with the application of low frequency electromagnetic field. The finest microstructure was achieved by combining the applications of both grain refiner and electromagnetic field.
Research on Methods of Sheet Blank Shape Optimization for Drawing of Complex Special-Shaped Boxes
Authors: Xia Wei , Yang Huan , Zeng Jian Min
Published: December 2011

The reasonable blank shape is very important for drawing forming quality of sheet. In this paper, the blank shape is obtained by inverse calculation based on final drawing workpiece, with finite element software. The optimal blank contour is determined by modifying the 3D models of final drawing workpiece and comparing with forming quality of the different inverse calculated blank shapes, according to the stress and the material flow law in drawing process. The results show that, in the case of the given shapes of workpiece, the blank shapes with high precision can be obtained, the formability becomes better, and the number of drawing forming can be reduced by using the method. The method may also contribute to the drawing of large and medium-sized panels, rectangular boxes and special-shaped parts.