bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sediment yield model implementation based on check dam infill stratigraphy in a semiarid Mediterranean catchment
Authors: Bussi G. , Rodríguez-Lloveras X. , Francés F. , Benito G. , Sánchez-Moya Y. , Sopeña A.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Soil loss and sediment transport in Mediterranean areas are driven by complex non-linear processes which have been only partially understood. Distributed models can be very helpful tools for understanding the catchment-scale phenomena which lead to soil erosion and sediment transport. In this study, a modelling approach is proposed to reproduce and evaluate erosion and sediment yield processes in a Mediterranean catchment (Rambla del Poyo, Valencia, Spain). Due to the lack of sediment transport records for model calibration and validation, a detailed description of the alluvial stratigraphy infilling a check dam that drains a 12.9 km2 sub-catchment was used as indirect information of sediment yield data. These dam infill sediments showed evidences of at least 15 depositional events (floods) over the time period 1990–2009. The TETIS model, a distributed conceptual hydrological and sediment model, was coupled to the Sediment Trap Efficiency for Small Ponds (STEP) model for reproducing reservoir retention, and it was calibrated and validated using the sedimentation volume estimated for the depositional units associated with discrete runoff events. The results show relatively low net erosion rates compared to other Mediterranean catchments (0.136 Mg ha−1 yr−1), probably due to the extensive outcrops of limestone bedrock, thin soils and rather homogeneous vegetation cover. The simulated sediment production and transport rates offer model satisfactory results, further supported by in-site palaeohydrological evidences and spatial validation using additional check dams, showing the great potential of the presented data assimilation methodology for the quantitative analysis of sediment dynamics in ungauged Mediterranean basins.
The CO2 system in the Mediterranean Sea: a basin wide perspective
Authors: Álvarez M. , Sanleón-Bartolomé H. , Tanhua T. , Mintrop L. , Luchetta A. , Cantoni C. , Schroeder K. , Civitarese G.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. This paper provides an extensive vertical and longitudinal description of the CO2 system variables (Total Alkalinity – TA, dissolved inorganic carbon – DIC and pH) along an East-West transect and across the Sardinia–Sicily passage in the Mediterranean Sea (MedSea) from two oceanographic cruises conducted in 2011 measuring CO2 variables in a coordinated fashion, the RV Meteor M84/3 and the RV Urania EuroFleets 11, respectively. The over-determined CO2 system allowed performing the first internal consistency analysis for the particularly warm, high salinity and alkalinity MedSea waters. This basin is considered a "laboratory basin" suffering dramatic changes in its oceanographic and biogeochemical conditions derived from natural and anthropogenic forces. Despite this, little is known about the CO2 system variability in the whole basin. This work aims to be a benchmark for future studies about the CO2 system space-time variability in the MedSea. In this sense we provide full-depth and length CO2 distributions across the MedSea, and property – property plots showing in each sub-basin post-Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT) situation with regard to TA, DIC and pH.
Ahmad and Others v. The United Kingdom (Eur. Ct. H.R.)
Authors: Parry John T.
Published: August 2013

In Ahmad and Others v. United Kingdom, the European Court of Human Rights (the Court) upheld the extradition of several suspected terrorists to the United States, despite the possibility that if convicted, the suspects could face life sentences and imprisonment or both, in a “supermax” prison. This decision marks another important step in the development of the Court’s Article 3 extradition jurisprudence. It also illustrates the uneasy tension between that jurisprudence and the efforts of European states to cooperate with U.S. anti-terror initiatives.
Assessment of General Education
Authors: Furman Tanya
Published: August 2013

The assessment of general education is often approached through broad surveys or standardized instruments that fail to capture the learning goals most faculty members desire for this portion of the curriculum. The challenge in remedying this situation lies, first, in defining general education in meaningful ways that can be both articulated and measured and, second, in engaging deeply the faculty members whose own intellectual abilities cut across disciplinary boundaries to address the learning that lies at the heart of general education.
The Changing Role that Education Plays
Authors: Ramaley Judith A.
Published: August 2013

Our educational system has always reflected the social, cultural, and economic conditions prevailing at the time. The impact of technological advances as well as global competition now impose a new agenda on higher education to ensure that all students can succeed in a complex and rapidly changing world. Fortunately, we have many resources to aid us in this effort as we work our way through a new era of rapid change—energetic new faculty, cross-generational groups of students who can inspire and inform each other, and new community connections that are opening up pathways to learning.
The Use of Transcriptomics to Unveil the Role of Nutrients in Mammalian Liver
Authors: Osada Jesús
Published: August 2013

Liver is the organ primarily responding to diet, and it is crucial in determining plasma carbohydrate, protein, and lipid levels. In addition, it is mainly responsible for transformation of xenobiotics. For these reasons, it has been a target of transcriptomic analyses. In this review, we have covered the works dealing with the response of mammalian liver to different nutritional stimuli such as fasting/feeding, caloric restriction, dietary carbohydrate, cholesterol, fat, protein, bile acid, salt, vitamin, and oligoelement contents. Quality of fats or proteins has been equally addressed, and has the influence of minor dietary components. Other compounds, not purely nutritional as those represented by alcohol and food additives, have been included due to their relevance in processed food. The influence has been studied not only on mRNA but also on miRNA. The wide scope of the technology clearly reflects that any simple intervention has profound changes in many metabolic parameters and that there is a synergy in response when more compounds are included in the intervention. Standardized arrays to systematically test the same genes in all studies and analyzing data to establish patterns of response are required, particularly for RNA sequencing. Moreover, RNA is a valuable, easy-screening ally but always requires further confirmation.
Plano Diretor de Maricá/RJ: considerações para sua primeira revisão (2006–2008)
Authors: Monteiro Diego Souto , Longo Orlando Celso
Published: August 2013

This article originated from the dissertation presented by one of the authors to the Civil Engineering Post-graduate Program at Universidade Federal Fluminense, 2006. Having as topic of study the Master Plan of the City of Maricá, the study proposed the directed use of urban policy instruments found in the City Statute as tools for the local sustainable development. After approval of Complementary Law n. 145, October, 2006, suggestions are presented on how to adapt the content of such plan for its first review planned for 2008.
Cálculo estequiométrico: o terror nas aulas de Química
Authors: Gomes Rafaela Sampaio , Macedo Simone da Hora
Published: August 2013

Stoichiometry is a Chemistry topic that presents great difficulty for secondary school students. Based on this information, a questionnaire was administered to private and public school students. Findings show that it is easier for students in the Chemistry Technical Course at CEFET Campos to understand that topic. An explanation for this may be the quality of the teachers and the compulsory practical classes in the course. The study indicates that the greatest difficulty for secondary school students in learning that content is the absence of examples and applications in everyday life.
Parámetros para una herramienta de Gestión de Conocimiento de Informática
Authors: Ramírez Antonio Sánchez , Aguilar Luis Joyanes
Published: August 2013

Action information gives productivity to companies when it is a core element and to achieve this it requires an organized, systematic application which enables a collaborative environment where several participants raise deliberations about knowledge decisions including the work environment context when artifacts and knowledge processes are modified and started through the application of parameters that influence the ICT tools that help decision-making focused on knowledge management.
Escolas públicas?: o difícil acesso ao ensino de qualidade no Brasil
Authors: Perroni Jennifer , Brandão André
Published: August 2013

A desigualdade educacional atinge níveis alarmantes no Brasil. No ensino superior, é notório que instituições públicas apresentam difícil acesso para a parcela economicamente mais vulnerável da população. O presente trabalho pretende demonstrar, através de uma pesquisa empírica, que essa desigualdade também ocorre no acesso a instituições públicas de ensino fundamental e médio que se destacam pela excelência ou pela tradição. Nossa investigação se volta para o concurso realizado pelo Colégio Pedro II no início do ano de 2007 e tem, como pano de fundo, o Censo Educacional 2006 e os resultados do vestibular da UFF para o ano de 2005.
Água de lastro e bioinvasão: introdução de espécies exóticas associada ao processo de mundialização
Authors: Santos Julio Gustavo Augusto da Silva , Lamonica Maurício Nunes
Published: August 2013

Atualmente, existem centenas de espécies exóticas difundidas pelo mundo em decorrência da intensa e artificial introdução provocada pelo homem, processo este, que, nos últimos tempos, vem se intensificando através do processo de mundialização. Conseqüentemente, a competição gerada entre as espécies exóticas e nativas, além de gerar prejuízos de ordem financeira e social, acaba por impactar o meio ambiente de modo irreversível. Dentro deste enfoque, este trabalho procura apresentar os riscos da introdução de inúmeras espécies exóticas, sejam elas intencionais ou não em ecossistemas que não são os seus de origem.
Saúde, gênero e Serviço Social: contribuições sobre o câncer e saúde da mulher
Authors: Nogueira Ana Claudia Correia , Silva Letícia Batista da
Published: August 2013

Estudos do INCA, relativos à prevalência do câncer na população feminina, indicam que o câncer de colo de útero é o segundo em incidência e mortalidade. O câncer é considerado um problema de saúde pública e está relacionado ao modo de vida da população. Este estudo corrobora o entendimento das razões econômicas, sociais e culturais presentes na sociedade contemporânea que contribuem para a alta incidência do câncer de útero. O processo de adoecimento dessas mulheres passa, também, por suas condições de vida, de empobrecimento contínuo, de precarização das condições de trabalho e dificuldade de acesso ao Sistema de Saúde.
Análise térmica do óleo de linhaça natural e oxidado
Authors: Fonseca Marcelo Marques da , Yoshida Maria Irene
Published: August 2013

O óleo de Linhaça é um óleo natural constituído basicamente de triacilglicerol contendo alta porcentagem de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados que têm suas propriedades físico-químicas alteradas durante o processo de oxidação. Muitos estudos têm sido realizados para compreender o processo oxidativo que ocorre em óleos vegetais e para determinar os compostos formados durante a auto-oxidação destes materiais. A Termogravimetria (TG), a Análise Térmica Diferencial (DTA) e a Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial (DSC) têm sido utilizadas principalmente no estudo da estabilidade térmica de materiais combustíveis e ainda são escassas no estudo do comportamento térmico do óleo de linhaça, por ser amplamente utilizado na fabricação de materiais pictóricos. Assim, avaliou-se o comportamento térmico do óleo de linhaça natural e envelhecido artificialmente por TG/DTG e por DTA, em atmosfera dinâmica de ar sintético e nitrogênio. Os resultados mostraram que, em atmosfera de nitrogênio, as amostras se decompõem em um estágio entre 30°C e 490°C, com perda de aproximadamente 95% da massa inicial. Em atmosfera dinâmica de ar sintético, as amostras reagem com o gás oxigênio e se decompõem em três estágios entre 30°C e 550°C formando 4,5% (massa) de resíduo. A diferença no processo de decomposição está relacionada com a complexidade da matriz e dos mecanismos envolvidos na auto-oxidação do óleo. Os espectros Infravermelhos (IV) destas amostras revelam que vários compostos oxigenados são formados durante o envelhecimento do óleo.
A influência das condições socioeconômicas das famílias na qualidade da educação básica na região Norte Fluminense
Authors: Ney Marlon Gomes , Totti Maria Eugênia Ferreira , Reid Tatiani de Lima Santos
Published: August 2013

Comparando os resultados de participantes do Exame Nacional de Ensino Médio (ENEM) por renda familiar, escolaridade dos pais e tipo de escola, o artigo analisa o grau de iniquidade existente no ambiente educacional da região Norte Fluminense. Os resultados revelam que as condições socioeconômicas das famílias e o tipo de escola têm forte efeito na qualidade da educação básica adquirida. A proporção de alunos da rede estadual com desempenho bom a excelente no exame, por exemplo, é de apenas 0,2%, ao passo que a proporção entre os estudantes de escolas particulares e federais é, respectivamente, de 11,4% e 17,6%.
Filosofia da ciência e os fundamentos do conhecimento científico: uma panorâmica
Authors: Gondim Elnora , Rodrigues Osvaldino Marra
Published: August 2013

O conhecimento científico, em termos de pressupostos, não é algo linear. Ele tem fundamentos que mudam conforme o contexto histórico. Tais fundamentos são analisados pela Filosofia da Ciência.
As trilhas memorialísticas do Mangue na saga dos ilhéus da foz do Paraíba do Sul
Authors: Lombardi Carla Simone Ferreira Machado , Bernardo Vania Cristina Alexandrino
Published: August 2013

A leitura do cotidiano, pelo olhar da narrativa do romance, que a partir do ponto de vista do autor sobre o real, articula-se com a ficção em busca de caminhos que vão ser recriados na relação autor-leitor, ganha significados nesse estudo sobre Mangue, romance regional de Osório Peixoto. O presente artigo, ao enredar temáticas como memórias, cultura e literatura, priorizou análise que enfatizou o modo de ser e viver dos ilhéus da ilha do Pessanha, cenário aonde as personagens circulam e tecem histórias de vida, marcadas pela pobreza, opressão, descaso das autoridades, desumanidades e ausência de cidadania. Trata-se de uma escritura, que com base na revisão da literatura sobre os temas referentes, discute a saga das comunidades ribeirinhas em uma análise crítico-reflexiva desse texto que une poesia e ficção.
Biodiesel: uma energia alternativa e verde
Authors: Teixeira Milena Carvalho , Taouil Desiely Silva Gusmão
Published: August 2013

O presente texto busca expor a importância do uso de energias alternativas. O biodiesel é apontado como uma das soluções para o esgotamento do petróleo e seus derivados e para o problema do aquecimento global, e o Brasil, por apresentar biodiversidade e forte economia agrícola, permitiu que o Governo Federal criasse o Programa Nacional de Produção e Uso de Biodiesel (PNPB) com chances de sucesso. O programa explora várias fontes energéticas, de culturas temporárias e perenes ao uso do óleo residual, além de trazer benefícios ao desenvolvimento do país, gerando emprego e renda, e, principalmente, redução nas emissões de gás carbônico.
A redefinição do papel da escola e do professor na sociedade atual
Authors: Ferreira Amanda de Oliveira , Souza Maycon Jefferson José de
Published: August 2013

Diante das mudanças provocadas pelas novas tecnologias da informação e da comunicação, na sociedade atual, os professores encontram-se frente a mais um desafio: entender como estas mudanças afetam a escola e modificam seu papel na sala de aula. Este artigo pretende apontar as mudanças ocorridas na sociedade em decorrência das novas tecnologias e como elas modificam a função da escola e do professor na sociedade, sempre ressaltando que esse desafio requer primeiramente dos docentes admitir a existência da nova sociedade construída após a chegada das inovações tecnológicas.
Developing Preservice Teachers' Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching: Making Explicit Design Considerations for a Content Course
Authors: Superfine Alison Castro , Li Wenjuan , Martinez Mara V.
Published: August 2013

Research has highlighted the nature of the mathematical work in teachers' practice. However, preservice mathematics coursework often too narrowly focuses on the development of common content knowledge and not enough on the development of specialized content knowledge, a kind of mathematical knowledge that is specific to the work of teaching mathematics. We offer three design principles that have informed a mathematics content course for elementary preservice teachers, and we provide learning outcomes data that suggest the overall content course experience supports specialized content knowledge development. We provide relevant examples from our own work to illustrate how we have applied these design principles in our local context. Our aim is to begin a dialogue about principled design considerations for content courses for preservice teachers.
Les activités parascolaires au Collège de Saint-Boniface d’après les annuaires (1885-1968)
Authors: Verrette Michel
Published: August 2013

Les activités parascolaires dans les collèges classiques constituent, à notre point de vue, une composante intégrale de la formation des étudiants de ces institutions, la future élite religieuse et laïque. L’étude de cas que nous présentons porte sur le Collège de Saint-Boniface, au Manitoba. Nous exploitons les annuaires de 1885 à 1967. Ceux-ci permettent de dresser un tableau global des différentes activités non académiques offertes aux étudiants. Nous avons relevé pas moins de 87 activités parascolaires. Leur but premier n’est pas de remplir l’horaire. Elles sont un stimulant pour l’esprit d’équipe, une certaine forme de masculinité fondée sur une identité francophone et catholique, un moyen de dépassement et un complément de développement physique, moral et intellectuel.
The tide cannot be turned without us: sex workers and the global response to HIV
Authors: Overs Cheryl , Loff Bebe
Published: August 2013

Improved knowledge, better programmes and policies, effective treatment and other scientific developments have reduced levels of new HIV infections globally. Evidence shows that programmes that prevent HIV among sex workers and their clients are most successful when all aspects of vulnerability are addressed and when they are underpinned by policy that advances human rights. This is particularly important in the context of the introduction of antiretroviral‐based HIV prevention, which could have harmful consequences if not well planned. In this context, law and policy on sex work should not be limited to aiming to deliver medicine and services to sex workers in dangerous working conditions. A high‐priority aim should be to ensure that the law enables commercial sex to take place in the safest possible conditions. To achieve this, the meaningful involvement of sex workers at all levels of the response is crucial. However, although that has been recognized in theory, it has not been achieved in practice.
Food, Drink and Hospitality: Space, Materiality, Practice
Authors: Spolon Ana Paula
Published: August 2013

Relato de participação em evento - junho/2013.
Fontes de pressão institucional: reflexões sobre legitimidade na indústria hoteleira brasileira
Authors: Wilke Erick Pusch , Rodrigues Leonel Cezar
Published: August 2013

As normas e regulamentos criados e consolidados em sociedade perfazem um conjunto de forças institucionais que pressionam as organizações a buscarem legitimidade em seu setor (Oliver, 1988; Deephouse, 1996). Embora a literatura tenha despedido esforços em identificar as forças que contribuem para o isomorfismo das organizações pertencentes ao setor de serviços, como e hospitais e serviços sociais, ainda há lacunas a serem preenchidas especificamente no que se refere ao setor hoteleiro. Neste sentido, o principal objetivo deste estudo esteve centrado em estabelecer reflexões a respeito da legitimidade na indústria hoteleira e os fatores que determinam sua ocorrência. Metodologicamente, levantamos os estudos seminais e as contribuições recentes na teoria institucional e estratégia em hotelaria. Conclusivamente, nossas premissas de que as principais fontes de pressão institucional de legitimação das organizações hoteleiras, a utilização de mão de obra gerencial e técnica, o atendimento as exigências legais imperativas e facultativas e a imitação das organizações de sucesso, de fato originam-se circunstancialmente de uma ou da combinação de mais das citadas forças.
Organocatalyzed Synthesis of Isoxazolidin‐5‐ones: The Meldrum’s Acid Approach
Authors: Postikova Svetlana , Tite Tony , Levacher Vincent , Brière Jean‐François
Published: August 2013

Meldrum’s acid has turned out to be a useful ketene equivalent when faced to nitrone dipoles to form various isoxazolidin‐5‐one derivatives under very mild Brønsted base organocatalytic conditions. The first asymmetric version of this original domino anionic formal [3+2] cycloaddition–decarboxylation reaction was demonstrated by means of quinine‐based organocatalysts.

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Electrospun nylon 6 nanofibers incorporated with 2‐substitutedN‐alkylimidazoles and their silver(I) complexes for antibacterial applications
Authors: Kleyi Phumelele , Frost Carminita L. , Tshentu Zenixole R. , Torto Nelson
Published: August 2013

The article presents the incorporation of biocides [2‐substitutedN‐alkylimidazoles and their silver(I) complexes] into electrospun nylon 6 nanofibers for application as antimicrobial materials. The electrospun nylon 6/biocides nanofiber composites were characterized by IR spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM‐EDX). The antimicrobial activity of the electrospun nylon 6/biocides nanofiber composites was evaluated againstEscherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,andBacillus subtilissubsp.spizizeniiusing the disk diffusion method, the American Association for Textile Chemists and Colorists test method 100‐2004 and the dynamic shake flask method (American Society for Testing and Materials E2149‐10). The electrospun nylon 6 nanofibers incorporated with 2‐substitutedN‐alkylimidazoles displayed moderate to excellent levels of growth reduction againstS. aureus(73.2–99.8%). For the electrospun nylon 6 nanofibers incorporated with silver(I) complexes, the levels of growth reduction were >99.99%, for bothE. coliandS. aureus, after the antimicrobial activity evaluation using the shake flask method. The study demonstrated that the electrospun nanofibers, fabricated using the incorporation strategy, have the potential to be used as attractive antimicrobial materials. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2014,131, 39783.
Evaluation of butyrate‐induced production of a mannose‐6‐phosphorylated therapeutic enzyme using parallel bioreactors
Authors: Madhavarao Chikkathur N. , Agarabi Cyrus D. , Wong Lily , Müller‐Loennies Sven , Braulke Thomas , Khan Mansoor , Anderson Howard , Johnson Gibbes R.
Published: August 2013

Bioreactor process changes can have a profound effect on the yield and quality of biotechnology products. Mannose‐6‐phosphate (M6P) glycan content and the enzymatic catalytic kinetic parameters are critical quality attributes (CQAs) of many therapeutic enzymes used to treat lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). Here, we have evaluated the effect of adding butyrate to bioreactor production cultures of human recombinant ‐glucuronidase produced from CHO‐K1 cells, with an emphasis on CQAs. The ‐glucuronidase produced in parallel bioreactors was quantified by capillary electrophoresis, the catalytic kinetic parameters were measured using steady‐state analysis, and mannose‐6‐phosphorylation status was assessed using an M6P‐specific single‐chain antibody fragment. Using this approach, we found that butyrate treatment increased ‐glucuronidase production up to approximately threefold without significantly affecting the catalytic properties of the enzyme. However, M6P content in ‐glucuronidase was inversely correlated with the increased enzyme production induced by butyrate treatment. This assessment demonstrated that although butyrate dramatically increased ‐glucuronidase production in bioreactors, it adversely impacted the mannose‐6‐phosphorylation of this LSD therapeutic enzyme. This strategy may have utility in evaluating manufacturing process changes to improve therapeutic enzyme yields and CQAs.
Functional and transcriptomic analysis of the regulation of osteoblasts by mechano‐growth factor E peptide
Authors: Xin Juan , Wang Yuanliang , Wang Zhen , Lin Fuchun
Published: August 2013

Mechano‐growth factor (MGF), a splice variant of insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I), was discovered by Goldspink and colleagues in 1996; since then many studies have implicated MGF as an important local tissue repair factor. Although the short 24‐amino‐acid C‐terminal peptide of MGF (MGF‐Ct24E) has a variety of biological activities, its role in bone formation has not yet been clarified. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of MGF‐Ct24E in the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of rat calvarial osteoblasts. Interestingly, although MGF‐Ct24E significantly increased the proliferation and retarded the differentiation of osteoblasts during the first 3 days, prolonged treatment with MGF‐Ct24E for up to 3 weeks promoted cell differentiation. To determine the molecular mechanisms behind this plurality, we carried out global transcriptional profiling of osteoblasts in response to MGF‐Ct24E and identified differentially expressed genes by bioinformatics analysis. Gene ontology analysis indicated that MGF‐Ct24E enhanced the expression of genes associated with osteoblast proliferation and the cell cycle and downregulated genes involved with osteoblast differentiation, skeletal system, and bone development. Moreover, KEGG pathway‐based analysis indicated that MGF‐Ct24E directly altered focal adhesion and cell cycle progression, in addition to regulating the actin cytoskeleton and gap junctions. In conclusion, MGF‐Ct24E has a marked ability to increase bone formation by increasing cell proliferation and delaying cell differentiation during prophase, as well as by stimulating osteoblast differentiation during the advanced stage. The mechanism of action of MGF‐Ct24E during the initial stages of bone formation in vitro involves upregulation of the expression of genes involved in proliferation and cell cycle progression, and the repression of differentiation‐related genes.
Simultaneous determination of six C21 steroids of Xiao‐Ai‐Ping injection in rat plasma by LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Zeng Qinghua , Zhang Feng , Gao Shouhong , Sun Liang , Jiang Bo , Chen Wansheng
Published: August 2013

Xiao‐Ai‐Ping injection (XAPI) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used to treat cancer. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that C21 steroids are the main active compounds in XAPI. In this study, a sensitive and specific liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method was developed and validated the first time for simultanenous determination of three isomeric pregnane genins (17β‐tenacigenin B, tenacigenin B and tenacigenin A) and their corresponding glycosides (tenacigenoside A, tenacissoside F and marsdenoside I) from XAPI in rat plasma. A simple liquid–liquid extraction technique was used after the addition of dexamethasone acetate as internal standard. The chromatography separation of analytes was achieved on an Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB‐C18 column (3.5 µm, 150 × 3 mm i.d.) using methanol–water as mobile phase in a gradient elution program. Detection was performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode using electrospray ionization in the negative ion mode. The method showed satisfactory linearity over a concentration range 5.00–2000.00 ng/mL for tenacigenin B, tenacigenin A, marsdenoside I and tenacissoside F (r2 > 0.99), 10.00–4000.00 ng/mL for 17β‐tenacigenin B and tenacigenoside A (r2 > 0.99). Intra‐ and inter‐day precisions (valued as relative standard deviation) were <9.00% and accuracies (as relative error) in the range −6.31 to 7.23%. Finally, this validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of XAPI after intravenous administration to rats. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereochemical Preference of 2'‐Deoxycytidine for Chiral Bis(diamido)‐bridged Basket Resorcin[4]arenes
Authors: D'Acquarica Ilaria , Calcaterra Andrea , Sacco Fabiola , Balzano Federica , Aiello Federica , Tafi Andrea , Pesci Nicolò , Uccello‐Barretta Gloria , Botta Bruno
Published: August 2013

Bis(diamido)‐bridged basket resorcin[4]arene (all-S)-1 and its (all-R)-1 enantiomer proved able to interact with 2'‐deoxycytidine (2) and pyrimidine nucleoside analogs in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution. In such a solvent, the resorcinarene hosts adopt a preferential 1,3‐alternate‐like conformation, with a larger cavity delimited by two syn 3,5‐dimethoxyphenyl moieties, and two external pockets, each delimited by the other 3,5‐dimethoxyphenyl group and its diamido arm (the wing). Complexation phenomena were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods, including 1H NMR DOSY and 1D ROESY experiments, and molecular modeling. Heteroassociation constants of [(all-S)-1·2] and [(all-R)-1·2] diastereoisomeric complexes were obtained from diffusion data by single point measurements, and from nonlinear fitting of 1H NMR chemical shifts. Selective proton relaxation rate measurements allowed us to significantly discriminate the two complexes by identifying two different interaction sites of the guest in the resorcin[4]arene host, depending on its configuration. Chirality 25:840–851, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The molecular basis for kinesin functional specificity during mitosis
Authors: Welburn Julie P. I.
Published: August 2013

Microtubule‐based motor proteins play key roles during mitosis to assemble the bipolar spindle, define the cell division axis, and align and segregate the chromosomes. The majority of mitotic motors are members of the kinesin superfamily. Despite sharing a conserved catalytic core, each kinesin has distinct functions and localization, and is uniquely regulated in time and space. These distinct behaviors and functional specificity are generated by variations in the enzymatic domain as well as the non‐conserved regions outside of the kinesin motor domain and the stalk. These flanking regions can directly modulate the properties of the kinesin motor through dimerization or self‐interactions, and can associate with extrinsic factors, such as microtubule or DNA binding proteins, to provide additional functional properties. This review discusses the recently identified molecular mechanisms that explain how the control and functional specification of mitotic kinesins is achieved. © 2013 The Authors. Cytoskeleton, Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensorimotor development in neonatal progesterone receptor knockout mice
Authors: Willing Jari , Wagner Christine K.
Published: August 2013

Early exposure to steroid hormones can permanently and dramatically alter neural development. This is best understood in the organizational effects of hormones during development of brain regions involved in reproductive behaviors or neuroendocrine function. However, recent evidence strongly suggests that steroid hormones play a vital role in shaping brain regions involved in cognitive behavior such as the cerebral cortex. The most abundantly expressed steroid hormone receptor in the developing rodent cortex is the progesterone receptor (PR). In the rat, PR is initially expressed in the developmentally‐critical subplate at E18, and subsequently in laminas V and II/III through the first three postnatal weeks (Quadros et al. [2007] J Comp Neurol 504:42–56; Lopez & Wagner [2009]: J Comp Neurol 512:124–139), coinciding with significant periods of dendritic maturation, the arrival of afferents and synaptogenesis. In the present study, we investigated PR expression in the neonatal mouse somatosensory cortex. Additionally, to investigate the potential role of PR in developing cortex, we examined sensorimotor function in the first two postnatal weeks in PR knockout mice and their wildtype (WT) and heterozygous (HZ) counterparts. While the three genotypes were similar in most regards, PRKO and HZ mice lost the rooting reflex 2–3 days earlier than WT mice. These studies represent the first developmental behavioral assessment of PRKO mice and suggest PR expression may play an important role in the maturation of cortical connectivity and sensorimotor integration. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 16–24, 2014
NURTURE: Development and pilot testing of a novel parenting intervention for mothers with histories of an eating disorder
Authors: Runfola Cristin D. , Zucker Nancy L. , Holle Ann Von , Mazzeo Suzanne , Hodges Eric A. , Perrin Eliana M. , Bentley Margaret E. , Ulman T. Frances , Hoffman Elizabeth R. , Forsberg Sarah , Ålgars Monica , Zerwas Stephanie , Pisetsky Emily M. , Taico Colie , Kuhns Rebecca A. , Hamer Robert M. , Bulik Cynthia M.
Published: August 2013

Objective

To describe the treatment development and pilot testing of a group parenting intervention, NURTURE (Networking, Uniting, and Reaching out To Upgrade Relationships and Eating), for mothers with histories of eating disorders.

Method

Based on focus group findings, extant research, and expert opinion, NURTURE was designed to be delivered weekly over 16 (1.5 h) sessions via an interactive web conferencing forum. It comprises four modules: (1) laying the foundation, (2) general parenting skills, (3) eating and feeding, and (4) breaking the cycle of risk. Pilot testing was conducted with three groups of 3–6 mothers (N = 13) who had children ages 0–3 years to determine feasibility (e.g., retention), acceptability (e.g., feedback questionnaire responses), and preliminary efficacy. Maternal satisfaction with NURTURE and changes in mother–child feeding relationship measures, maternal feeding style, maternal self‐efficacy, and maternal psychopathology (eating disorder, depression, and anxiety symptoms) across three time points (baseline, post‐treatment, 6‐month follow‐up) were examined. All outcomes were exploratory.

Results

The intervention was well tolerated with a 100% retention rate. Feedback from mothers was generally positive and indicated that the groups provided an engaging, supportive experience to participants. We observed changes suggestive of improvement in self‐reported maternal self‐efficacy and competence with parenting. There were no notable changes in measures of maternal feeding style or psychopathology.

Discussion

NURTURE is a feasible, acceptable, and potentially valuable intervention for mothers with eating disorder histories. Results of this pilot will inform a larger randomized‐controlled intervention to determine efficacy and impact on child outcomes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:1–12)
Evidence for 20th century climate warming and wetland drying in the North American Prairie Pothole Region
Authors: Werner Brett A. , Johnson W. Carter , Guntenspergen Glenn R.
Published: August 2013

The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America is a globally important resource that provides abundant and valuable ecosystem goods and services in the form of biodiversity, groundwater recharge, water purification, flood attenuation, and water and forage for agriculture. Numerous studies have found these wetlands, which number in the millions, to be highly sensitive to climate variability. Here, we compare wetland conditions between two 30‐year periods (1946–1975; 1976–2005) using a hindcast simulation approach to determine if recent climate warming in the region has already resulted in changes in wetland condition. Simulations using the WETLANDSCAPE model show that 20th century climate change may have been sufficient to have a significant impact on wetland cover cycling. Modeled wetlands in the PPR's western Canadian prairies show the most dramatic effects: a recent trend toward shorter hydroperiods and less dynamic vegetation cycles, which already may have reduced the productivity of hundreds of wetland‐dependent species.
N‐Heterocyclic Dicarbene Iridium(III) Catalysts Enabling Water Oxidation under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Volpe Andrea , Sartorel Andrea , Tubaro Cristina , Meneghini Laura , Di Valentin Marilena , Graiff Claudia , Bonchio Marcella
Published: August 2013

Novel iridium(III) di‐NHC complexes have been synthesized by transmetalation of the dicarbene ligand from the corresponding dicarbene silver complex. The iridium(III) complex [IrClCp*(di‐NHC)](PF6) (2; di‐NHC = 1,1′‐dimethyl‐3,3′‐ethylenediimidazole‐2,2′‐diylidene) behaves as an efficient catalyst for the oxidation of water by using CeIV or NaIO4 as sacrificial oxidants, reaching a TOF of 0.20 s–1, comparable with the most active catalysts reported in the literature. Complex 2 also displays remarkable catalytic activity in the photocatalyzed oxidation of water by using [Ru(bpy)3]2+ as sensitizer and persulfate as sacrificial electron acceptor. The fate of the catalyst under turnover conditions was investigated by combined spectroscopic, kinetic and GC–MS methods. In particular, EPR experiments performed under photoirradiation revealed the formation of a high‐valent IrIV molecular intermediate involved in the primary photoinduced electron‐transfer events.
Single‐Composition Trichromatic White‐Emitting Ca9MgNa(PO4)7:Ce3+/Tb3+/Mn2+ Phosphors – Soft Chemical Synthesis, Luminescence, and Energy‐Transfer Properties
Authors: Zhang Yang , Geng Dongling , Shang Mengmeng , Wu Yuan , Li Xuejiao , Lian Hongzhou , Cheng Ziyong , Lin Jun
Published: August 2013

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Jun Lin at the Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The cover image shows that novel luminescent materials can show red, green, blue, and white emission in one single phase, which can make our world brighter and more colorful.
Synthesis, Photophysics, and Electrochemistry of Tetra(2‐thienyl)ethylene (TTE) Derivatives
Authors: Bolzoni Alessandro , Viglianti Lucia , Bossi Alberto , Mussini Patrizia R. , Cauteruccio Silvia , Baldoli Clara , Licandro Emanuela
Published: August 2013

We have synthesized a series of tetra(2‐thienyl)ethylene (TTE) derivatives, selectively functionalized at the thiophene α positions, either by a coupling procedure or by direct electrophilic substitution of the TTE system. Optical spectroscopy revealed that TTE shows orange emission (470 nm) in a diluted 2‐MeTHF matrix at 77 K and blue (420 nm) aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) in the solid state. An exhaustive electrochemical study afforded a full rationalization of the electronic properties in terms of the HOMO and LUMO energy levels and gaps, as well as localization and features of the redox centers with respect to TTE functionalization.
Recent Advances in Phthalocyanine‐Based Sensitizers for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Ragoussi Maria‐Eleni , Ince Mine , Torres Tomás
Published: August 2013

Dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on nanocrystalline semiconductors have attracted significant attention as lower‐cost alternatives to conventional silicon‐based solar cells. The photosensitizers are vital components for the development of photovoltaic devices of this kind. Over the years, the most successful sensitizers have been RuII polypyridyl complexes, achieving power conversion efficiencies up to 11.5 %. However, due to their limited light‐harvesting capacity and the high cost of Ru‐dyes, efforts have also been directed towards the use of organic dyes. Among the wide range of sensitizers of this kind, phthalocyanines (Pcs) are very attractive because of their light‐harvesting properties in the red and near‐IR spectral region, as well as their thermal and chemical stability. The performance of Pc‐based devices has improved over the years, reaching 5.9 %, thanks to rational design of the phthalocyanine structure. In this microreview we review recent advances in the use of phthalocyanines as photosensitizers for DSSC applications.
ACB‐PCR measurement of spontaneous and furan‐induced H‐ras Codon 61 CAA to CTA and CAA to AAA mutation in B6C3F1 mouse liver
Authors: Banda Malathi , Recio Leslie , Parsons Barbara L.
Published: August 2013

Furan is a rodent liver carcinogen, but the mode of action for furan hepatocarcinogenicity is unclear. H‐ras codon 61 mutations have been detected in spontaneous liver tumors of B6C3F1 mice, and the fraction of liver tumors carrying H‐ras codon 61 CAA to AAA mutation increased in furan‐treated mice. Allele‐specific competitive blocker PCR (ACB‐PCR) has been used previously to quantify early, carcinogen‐induced increases in tumor‐associated mutations. The present pilot study investigated whether furan drives clonal expansion of pre‐existing H‐ras mutant cells in B6C3F1 mouse liver. H‐ras codon 61 CAA to CTA and CAA to AAA mutations were measured in DNA isolated from liver tissue of female mice treated with 0, 1, 2, 4, or 8 mg furan/kg body weight, five days per week for three weeks, using five mice per treatment group. Spontaneous levels of mutation were low, with two of five control mice having an H‐ras codon 61 CTA or AAA mutant fraction (MF) greater than 10−5. Several furan‐treated mice had H‐ras codon 61 AAA or CTA MFs greater than those measured in control mice and lower bound estimates of induced MF were calculated. However, no statistically‐significant differences were observed between treatment groups. Therefore, while sustained exposure to furan is carcinogenic, at the early stage of carcinogenesis examined in this study (three weeks), there was not a significant expansion of H‐ras mutant cells. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 54:659–667, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of cell cycle delay on micronucleus frequency in TK6 cells
Authors: Sobol Zhanna , Spellman Richard A. , Thiffeault Catherine , Dobo Krista L. , Schuler Maik
Published: August 2013

Previous studies with TK6 cells have shown that extending the recovery period after pulse treatment allows for greater micronucleus expression for some compounds. This study explores the role of cell cycle delay in micronucleus expression after pulse treatment with three model genotoxins [mitomycin C, etoposide (ETOP), vinblastine]. Cells were treated for 4 hr and allowed to recover for 36 hr with samples removed at various time points during the recovery period and analyzed for cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and micronucleus frequency. Our results show that mitomycin C causes cell cycle delay for 20 hr after pulse treatment and cell cycle perturbation is no longer evident after 36 hr of recovery. The micronucleus frequency of cells sampled at 36 hr is doubled when compared with cells sampled at 20 hr after mitomycin C removal. When cells were treated with indirect acting genotoxins (ETOP, vinblastine), cell cycle perturbation was not observed at the 20 hr time point. Micronucleus frequency after treatment with either ETOP or vinblastine did not differ between the 20 hr and the 36 hr time point. All three compounds induced similar levels of apoptosis ranging from 4.5 to 5.6% with maximum induction occurring at the 36‐hr time point. We conclude that TK6 cells exhibit extended cell cycle arrest after exposure to MMC and can go on to express micronuclei, after overcoming cell cycle arrest. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 55:64–69, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamic modeling of a small open Joule cycle reciprocating Ericsson engine: simulation results
Authors: Lontsi F. , Hamandjoda O. , Djanna K. F. , Stouffs P. , Nganhou J.
Published: August 2013

Externally heated Joule cycle reciprocating engines, also known as Ericsson engines, are particularly suitable for small‐scale solar energy conversion and microcogeneration using biomass or gas effluents at high temperatures. These types of engine have been developed in the context of the current issue of climate change, combined with a progressive depletion of fossil fuels. A dynamic model of a 1.67 kW small open Joule cycle engine has been developed in order to study operational stability and behavioral control, especially during transient phases. Models are implemented on a Matlab/Simulink platform where simulations of the dynamics of engine start‐up and steady conditions are carried out. The optimal settings of valves and the key engine parameters have also been determined. Simulation results reveal a rapid transient phase. Hot starting is achieved in about 5.3 sec and the system is stabilized, with a thermal efficiency of approximately 29%. The system responds well when subjected to selected perturbations.
In‐house–validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method for survey of acrylamide in various processed foods from Korean market
Authors: Lee Sanghee , Yoo Miyoung , Koo Minseon , Kim Hyun Jung , Kim Meehye , Park Sung‐Kug , Shin Dongbin
Published: August 2013

Acrylamide (AA) is a chemical found in starchy foods that have been cooked at high temperatures. The objective of this study is to monitor the levels of AA in a total of 274 samples of potato chips, chips (except potato chips), biscuits, French fries, breakfast cereals, chocolate products, tea, seasoned laver, and nut products sampled in Korean market. These processed foods include (1) potato chips, (2) chips (except potato chips), (3) biscuits, (4) French fries, (5) breakfast cereals, (6) chocolate products, (7) tea, (8) seasoned laver, and (9) nut products. Samples used for this study were cleaned up using HLB Oasis polymeric and Accucat mixed‐mode anion and cation exchange solid‐phase extraction cartridge. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectroscopy (LC‐MS/MS) was validated in‐house as an efficient analytical method for the routine analysis of AA in various food products. AA was detected with a Fortis dC18 (1.7 μm, 100 mm × 2.1 mm) column using 0.5% methanol/0.1% acetic acid in water as the mobile phase. Good results were obtained with respect to repeatability (RSDs < 5%). The recoveries obtained for a variety of food matrices ranged between 94.5% and 107.6%. Quantification during routine monitoring was sensitive enough to detect AA at a concentration of 10 μg/kg. A total of 274 food samples were analyzed for AA. The AA levels in the food groups were in the following order: potato chips > French fries > biscuits > tea > chips (except potato chips) > seasoned laver > breakfast cereals > chocolate products > nut products. AA was detected at levels ranging from not detectable to 1435 μg/kg.