bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examination of Pre-school Teachers' Knowledge Levels of the Symptoms of Learning Disability According to Different Variables
Authors: Er Rukiye Konuk , Arslantaş Süleyman , Kurnaz Ahmet
Published: February 2023

Considering the fact that learning difficulties are mostly related to academic learning, and students first encounter tasks related with academic learning during the pre-school, it is critical for early intervention that the first symptoms of students with potential learning disability are detected by the pre-school teachers. The aim of this research is to examine knowledge levels of pre-school teachers about the characteristics of learning difficulties that 3–6 years old students, in the pre-school period, may show. With this aim in mind, the development of the “Test for identifying characteristics of learning disabilities in pre-school students (3-6 years)” was completed with 471 pre-school teachers and pre-school teacher candidates of the last grade of pre-school education program. The research has been done in the survey model with a quantitative approach. The sample of the study consists of 291 pre-school teachers. The data have been collected by means of the “Test for identifying characteristics of learning disabilities in pre-school students (3-6 years)” and analyzed using descriptive statistics techniques. At the end of the research, it has been found that there are no statistically significant differences in knowledge levels of pre-school teachers regarding the cognitive, affective, social and motor characteristics of learning disabilities in terms of their gender, the program they have graduated from, having taken courses on special education, having taken courses on learning disabilities, the types of institutions they worked at, and their class sizes. It has been found that there are statistically significant differences in their knowledge levels about cognitive, affective, social and motor characteristics of learning disabilities according to the length of service, teaching students with learning disabilities, having inclusive students in their class, having a relative in need of special education, and teaching students with learning disabilities variables.
Evaluating the Structural Effect of Family Support and Entrepreneurship Training on Entrepreneurship Intention Among Indonesian University Students
Authors: Adha Maulana Amirul , Eryanto Henry , Ariyanti Nova Syafira , Musadad Akhmad Arif , Musyaffi Ayatulloh Michael , Wibowo Agus
Published: February 2023

This study uses structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis techniques, with the aim of testing the structural effect of family support, entrepreneurial training, on entrepreneurial intentions, with self-efficacy and student achievement motivation as mediators. A total of 203 students participated in this study, through a questionnaire distributed online. The SEM analysis was performed using the Amos 24 App. The results showed that the family environment and entrepreneurship training had a direct and indirect effect on entrepreneurial intentions through self-efficacy and student achievement motivation. The model proposed and tested in this study can be a constructive guide for related parties in an effort to promote students' entrepreneurial intentions.
A New Approach of Applying Chebyshev Distribution of Series Fed Microstrip Antenna Array for Radar Applications
Authors: Salim Mohammed S. , Najm Tareq A. , Sultan Qusai Hadi , Saleh Adham M.
Published: February 2023

In this paper, a new method of applying Chebyshev distribution for series-fed antenna array was proposed for radar applications. The first part of this study consists of applying the proposed method on antenna arrays working at 2.3 GHz (S-band radar applications) with 6, 8, 10, 14, and 28 elements, whereas the second part of the study is applying the method on antenna arrays working at 5.2 GHz (C-band radar applications) with the same number of elements. The achieved sidelob level is around (19.6- 24 dB).The obtained antenna gain is around (10-17.4 dB) depending on the number of elements. Whereas the horizontal half-power beamwidth is around (7◦ – 20◦).
Parametric Modeling and Optimization of Switched Reluctance Motor for EV
Authors: Liu Lijun , Huang Yu , Zhao Mingwei , Ruan Yi
Published: February 2023

To meet the high- performance requirements of new energy vehicle drive, the optimization design of 8/6 Switched Reluctance Motor is realized based on finite element parametric modeling of the motor. Firstly, the initial design of motor structure parameters is carried out based on the mathematical model of Switched Reluctance Motor, and the simulation model of the motor is built using RMxprt platform, and the debugging of the characteristics of the wide speed range of the motor is finished. Then, the parametric finite element model of the motor is generated, and the stator and rotor pole arc coefficients of the motor are selected as the optimization variables, and the multi-objective compromise optimization of the torque characteristics and efficiency of the motor is carried out by using the Quasi-Newton method weighting method. Finally, the magnetic field distribution, torque characteristics, efficiency and speed range characteristics before and after optimization are compared, proving that the optimized Switch Reluctance Motor can achieve multi-objective performance optimization. The motor designed by this modeling optimization method can improve the requirements of vehicle driving better.
A Novel Comb-line Leaky-wave Antenna for 77 GHz FMCW Automotive Radar System and Comparison with Buttler Beamformers
Authors: Sarabi Masoud , Perger Warren F.
Published: February 2023

For a typical frequency modulated continuous wave automotive radar system, a design using a novel leaky-wave antenna is proposed that has a simple, cheap and easy manufacturing structure whose performance is compared with two different antenna arrays. The software used were MATLAB and CST Microwave Studio. The first antenna system was an inset-fed patch array, and the second antenna system was a circular patch array with a Buttler beamforming network as a beam scanning mechanism. The simulation results of the three proposed designs are obtained using the range-Doppler method for multi-target scenarios. The proposed leaky-wave antenna excels the antenna arrays, which offer cheaper and simpler solutions for the automotive industry.
Technologies in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Mukartihal Ravikumar , Das Rajdeep , S Chandan , Bhat Vikram G K , Nallabolu Balakrishna , K Sreedhish , Krishna S Bharath , Patil Sharan S
Published: February 2023

Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) is a very impelling treatment for severe osteoarthritis. But, prosthesis longevity along with clinical and functional outcome of patients are intricately related to proper alignment and position of the prosthesis and how perfectly the artificial joint can mimic the native knee anatomy and kinematics. To minimize outliers and improve accuracy, precision and patients’ outcome, promising new technologies have been developed in knee arthroplasty. TKA is advancing by leaps and bounds with the advent and introduction and application of technologies in its domain. The aim of this article is to put up and brief about the technologies in TKA, their concepts, advantages, and limitations. Keywords: Total knee arthroplasty, Knee arthroplasty, Total knee replacement, Osteoarthritis, Technology, Biomedical Technology, Robot-assisted surgery, Artificial intelligence, Augmented reality
Soft Tissue Injuries Associated with Proximal Tibia Fractures
Authors: B R Lakshith , Tuppad Adarsh U , Shetty Shashiraj K , Nazareth Edward L , Mihir Kumar
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to document the pattern of ligament and meniscal injuries that occur with proximal tibia fractures due to high energy trauma. Seventy patients with fractures of proximal tibia due to high-energy mechanisms were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee. All studies were reported by a single musculoskeletal radiologist who was blinded to surgical and physical findings. Of the 70 patients, there were 42 patients with AO/OTA type 41B2 (60%) fractures. On average, 70 % sustained a complete tear or avulsion of one or both cruciates.70% sustained collateral ligament injury.91% had lateral meniscal pathology.40% had medial meniscus tears. Of the 70 patients, 42 patients (60%) had Schatzker type II injuries, in which 90% had lateral meniscus tear, 80% MCL and ACL tear, 66% PCL and LCL tear. We adopted chi-square test to find the association. In our study, we found that there is a significant association between footprint avulsion of PCL and lateral meniscus (p value-0.038), between partial tear of LCL and lateral meniscus (p value-0.048), between partial tear of ACL and medial meniscus (p value-0.023). Also there is a significant association between complete tear of ACL and medial meniscus (p value- 0.019), between partial tear of PCL and medial meniscus (p value-0.007). But there is no significant association between ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL and Schatzker type (p value >0.05). We conclude MRI scanning should be considered for proximal tibia fractures due to high energy mechanism, which would help to identify and treat of associated soft tissue injuries. Keywords: Soft tissue injury, Proximal tibia fracture, Magnetic resonance imaging, ACL, PCL, LCL, MCL, Medial meniscus and lateral meniscus.
A Case Report of Posterior Interrosseous Nerve Syndrome Due to Intermuscular Lipoma
Authors: Hegde Nirath S , Nazareth Edward L , Shetty Shashiraj K , S Shashank
Published: February 2023

Posterior interosseous nerve compressions are rare. The compression of the posterior interosseous nerve can happen either before, or through or after the course of the nerve in the supinator muscle. Tumors could rarely lead to secondary compression of the nerve by mass effect. We describe a case of a lady aged 73 years with a posterior interosseous nerve syndrome due to an intermuscular lipoma. The patient had appreciable recovery after surgery and physiotherapy. Keywords: Intermuscular lipoma, Posterior interosseous nerve, Compression.
Supercutaneous Plating Technique: A Case Report of Locking Plate Used as an External Fixator
Authors: Shetty Shashiraj K , Nazareth Edward L , Hegde Nirath S , Kumar Ajay , Devanna Shushruth M
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Open fracture is one of the most common and challenging healthcare problem in orthopedic practice1.Despite improvements in implant design, management of open fractures remain a challenge for the orthopedic surgeon. Locked compression plates (LCP) have advantages of angular stability from the locking-head mechanism and less irritation when compared with traditional external fixators due to their low profiles. Here is a case report of the same. Case Report: A 50-year-old lady, a municipal worker by occupation, came to casualty with alleged history of road traffic accident and injury to right thigh and knee. Plain radiograph of of right femur with knee revealed a supracondylar fracture of right femur. As a definitive treatment, patient underwent open reduction and supercutaneous plating. Skin grafting was done for the external wound over distal thigh. The External fixation plate for right distal knee was removed after 6 weeks and knee ROM of 0 to 100 degree flexion was achieved by one year. Conclusion: Open fractures can be treated by external fixation using the LCP plates, which are safe, reliable and have acceptable functional outcomes with minimal complication rates. Its advantages also include ease of performing surgery and ease of removing plate after fracture healing. Keywords: Supercutaneous plating, LCP- locking compression plate, External fixator
Triangular bright solitons in nonlinear optics and Bose-Einstein condensates
Authors: Zeng Liangwei , Belić Milivoj R. , Mihalache Dumitru , Xiang Dan , Wang Qing , Yang Jianrong , Zhu Xing
Published: February 2023

We demonstrate what we believe to be novel triangular bright solitons that can be supported by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with inhomogeneous Kerr-like nonlinearity and external harmonic potential, which can be realized in nonlinear optics and Bose-Einstein condensates. The profiles of these solitons are quite different from the common Gaussian or sech envelope beams, as their tops and bottoms are similar to the triangle and inverted triangle functions, respectively. The self-defocusing nonlinearity gives rise to the triangle-up solitons, while the self-focusing nonlinearity supports the triangle-down solitons. Here, we restrict our attention only to the lowest-order fundamental triangular solitons. All such solitons are stable, which is demonstrated by the linear stability analysis and also clarified by direct numerical simulations. In addition, the modulated propagation of both types of triangular solitons, with the modulated parameter being the strength of nonlinearity, is also presented. We find that such propagation is strongly affected by the form of the modulation of the nonlinearity. For example, the sudden change of the modulated parameter causes instabilities in the solitons, whereas the gradual variation generates stable solitons. Also, a periodic variation of the parameter causes the regular oscillation of solitons, with the same period. Interestingly, the triangle-up and triangle-down solitons can change into each other, when the parameter changes the sign.
The activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in T cells tunes the gut microenvironment to sustain autoimmunity and neuroinflammation
Authors: Merchak Andrea R. , Cahill Hannah J. , Brown Lucille C. , Brown Ryan M. , Rivet-Noor Courtney , Beiter Rebecca M. , Slogar Erica R. , Olgun Deniz G. , Gaultier Alban
Published: February 2023

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a T cell-driven autoimmune disease that attacks the myelin of the central nervous system (CNS) and currently has no cure. MS etiology is linked to both the gut flora and external environmental factors but this connection is not well understood. One immune system regulator responsive to nonpathogenic external stimuli is the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). The AHR, which binds diverse molecules present in the environment in barrier tissues, is a therapeutic target for MS. However, AHR’s precise function in T lymphocytes, the orchestrators of MS, has not been described. Here, we show that in a mouse model of MS, T cell-specific Ahr knockout leads to recovery driven by a decrease in T cell fitness. At the mechanistic level, we demonstrate that the absence of AHR changes the gut microenvironment composition to generate metabolites that impact T cell viability, such as bile salts and short chain fatty acids. Our study demonstrates a newly emerging role for AHR in mediating the interdependence between T lymphocytes and the microbiota, while simultaneously identifying new potential molecular targets for the treatment of MS and other autoimmune diseases.
Multivariate analysis of variegated expression in Neurons: A strategy for unbiased localization of gene function to candidate brain regions in larval zebrafish
Authors: Shoenhard Hannah , Granato Michael
Published: February 2023

Behavioral screens in model organisms have greatly facilitated the identification of genes and genetic pathways that regulate defined behaviors. Identifying the neural circuitry via which specific genes function to modify behavior remains a significant challenge in the field. Tissue- and cell type-specific knockout, knockdown, and rescue experiments serve this purpose, yet in zebrafish screening through dozens of candidate cell-type-specific and brain-region specific driver lines for their ability to rescue a mutant phenotype remains a bottleneck. Here we report on an alternative strategy that takes advantage of the variegation often present in Gal4-driven UAS lines to express a rescue construct in a neuronal tissue-specific and variegated manner. We developed and validated a computational pipeline that identifies specific brain regions where expression levels of the variegated rescue construct correlate with rescue of a mutant phenotype, indicating that gene expression levels in these regions may causally influence behavior. We termed this unbiased correlative approach Multivariate Analysis of Variegated Expression in Neurons (MAVEN). The MAVEN strategy advances the user’s capacity to quickly identify candidate brain regions where gene function may be relevant to a behavioral phenotype. This allows the user to skip or greatly reduce screening for rescue and proceed to experimental validation of candidate brain regions via genetically targeted approaches. MAVEN thus facilitates identification of brain regions in which specific genes function to regulate larval zebrafish behavior.
Effect of claw blocks on the healing duration and lesion severities of claw lesions in lame cows in Western Thailand
Authors: Arunvipas Pipat , Setkit Teerachad , Wongsanit Jaturong , Rukkwamsuk Theera , Homwong Nitipong , Sangmalee Anawat
Published: February 2023

Background and Aim: Lameness is a major complication in dairy cattle affecting health and milk production. Several factors are found to contribute to this condition and specific treatments are required, including the process of claw trimming. The elevation of the claw, such as with the application of a claw block, was reported to be beneficial in the more severe cases. This study aimed to determine the efficiency of a claw block on claw lesions of lame cows in dairy farms in Western Thailand.

Materials and Methods: Locomotion scores of 376 dairy cows were determined by a veterinarian using a scale of 1–5 (1 = normal; 5 = severely lame) at the time of the visit. Cows with a score of 3 or greater were defined as clinically lame. In total, 134 clinically lame cows from 11 dairy farms in the Kanchanaburi and Ratchaburi provinces were included in the analysis. Claw lesions included a white line abscess, bruised sole, sole ulcer, sole abscess, white line separate, and double soles. Wooden or rubber claw blocks were applied to the unaffected claw of the same hoof as the injured claw of 116 cows, which were classified as the treatment cases, and 18 cows were left untreated and classified as the control cases. Each cow was checked on every week of the healing process for 2 months unless the cow was culled earlier. Survival analysis was based on the Kaplan–Meier estimator and Cox Proportional Hazard regression.

Results: The median healing time for lame cows with and without claw blocks was 21 and 36 days, respectively. After adjusting for the lesion severity and type, the lame cows with and without a claw block had hazard ratios of 2.16 and 3.08, respectively. The healing times between the four lesion types in cows with a claw block were not significantly different. The healing time was longer in lame cows, with a severity score of 4.

Conclusion: The results from this study reveal that the treatment of lame cows with claw blocks promoted the healing capacity of claw lesions after claw trimming.
Antiviral Activitiy of Curcumin, Demethoxycurcumin, Bisdemethoxycurcumin and Cyclocurcumin compounds of Curcuma longa against NSP3 on SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Hidayah Rizka Nurul , Nafisa Belia Bima , 'Arifin Miftah Saiful , Santosaningsih Dewi , Muti'ah Roihatul
Published: February 2023

SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes two large polyproteins (pp), pp1a and pp1ab which are cleaved and transformed into a mature form by a protease, non-structural protein 3 (NSP3). NSP3 is encoded by open reading frame (ORF) 1a/b. Curcuma longa (C. longa) or turmeric has been documented to have antiviral effects. The aim of this study was to assess the viral activities of C. longa against SARS-CoV-2 focusing on its potency to inhibit viral replication by targeting NSP3. PubChem databases were used to obtain the metabolic profile of C. longa. The compound's interaction with nucleocapsid was analyzed using molecular docking with Molegro Virtual Docker. Bioinformatics analysis based on rerank score presents all compounds of C. longa have higher binding affinity than the native ligand with cyclocurcumin as the lowest score (-128.38 kcal/mol). This anti-viral activity was hypothesized from the similarity of hydrogen bonds with amino acid residues Ser 128 and Asn 40 as key residues present in Ribavirin. This study reveals that C. longa is the potential to be developed as an antiviral agent through replication inhibition in SARS-CoV-2 targeting its replication mediated by NSP3.Keywords: C. longa, Non-Structural Protein 3, COVID-19.
The Weak Hybrid Equilibria of an Exchange Economy with a Continuum of Agents and Externalities
Authors: Yang Zhe
Published: February 2023

Inspired by Zhao, J. 1996. “The Hybrid Equilibria and Core Selection in Exchange Economies with Externalities.” Journal of Mathematical Economics 26 (4): 387–407, Askoura, Y. 2011. “The Weak-Core of a Game in Normal Form with a Continuum of Players.” Journal of Mathematical Economics 47: 43–7, Askoura, Y. 2017. “On the Core of Normal Form Games with a Continuum of Players.” Mathematical Social Sciences 89: 32–42, Yang, Z. 2020. “The Weak α-core of Exchange Economies with a Continuum of Players and Pseudo-utilities.” Journal of Mathematical Economies 91: 43–50 and Yang, Z., and X. Zhang. 2021. “A Weak α-core Existence Theorem of Games with Nonordered Preferences and a Continuum of Agents.” Journal of Mathematical Economics 94: 102464, we establish an exchange economy with externalities and a continuum of agents. We define the weak hybrid equilibrium in this model and prove the existence theorem under the regular conditions. Furthermore, we analyze the relation between the set of hybrid equilibria and the set of competitive equilibria in an exchange economy without externalities and with a continuum of agents.
An antibody-free LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of sex hormone binding globulin in human serum and plasma
Authors: Sleumer Bas , Zwerwer Jordan , van Faassen Martijn , Vos Michel J. , Bischoff Rainer , Kema Ido P. , van de Merbel Nico C.
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is a hormone binding protein which plays an important role in regulating the transport and availability of biologically active androgens and estradiol to target cells and used to calculate free testosterone concentrations.

Methods

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed, featuring an albumin removal step followed by a tryptic digestion. After a reduction step with dithiothreitol and alkylation with iodoacetamide three signature peptides were used for the quantification of SHBG.

Results

The method enables the quantification of serum and plasma SHBG over the clinically relevant range of 200–20,000 ng/mL and was validated according to the most recent guidelines. The LC-MS/MS method correlates well with the Abbott Alinity immunoassay (R2>0.95), but the LC-MS/MS results are on average 16–17% lower than the immunoassay results, which is consistent for all three signature peptides.

Conclusions

The LC-MS/MS method which includes an albumin depletion step allows quantification of SHBG in serum and plasma without an immunocapture step at clinically relevant SHBG levels, thus contributing to better lab-to-lab consistency of results.
Study on the effectiveness of a solar cell with a holographic concentrator
Authors: Buktukov Nikolay S. , Vassin Konstantin A. , Moldabayeva Gulnaz Zh.
Published: February 2023

Solar energy is an important power source. Given this, the development in the direction of converting solar radiation into electrical energy using holographic concentrators is of great importance. The purpose of the study is to determine the electrical characteristics of the solar cell inside the solar cells. To determine the electrical characteristics of the solar cell inside the photovoltaic panel, digital sensors HC-SR04, INA219 and the “Arduino Nano” microprocessor controller were used. The paper presents the results of experimental studies of a solar panel with a holographic concentrator and photovoltaic cells based on gallium arsenide. The high efficiency of converting solar energy into electrical power is shown when dispersing and focusing different wavelengths on a photocell. During elaboration of the obtained volt-ampere characteristics of solar photovoltaic conversion elements, which determine the output power of the photovoltaic panel, the high potential of the developed design of the photovoltaic panel has been revealed. The practical value of the study lies in the fact that with the help of a holographic concentrator it is possible to increase the efficiency of solar energy conversion.
Synchrotron X-ray measurements of cellulose in the cell wall of aged wood under uniaxial loading
Authors: Kojima Erina , Yamasaki Mariko , Lee Chang-Goo , Sasaki Yasutoshi
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of wood aging on the mechanical behavior at the cell-wall level. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were performed to investigate the mechanical behavior of cellulose in the S2 layer of aged wood from a 250-year-old attic cabin beam. XRD measurements under uniaxial loading were performed on the cellulose (004) plane; the results were compared with those of recent wood. The cellulose in aged wood exhibited a delayed response to both tensile and compressive loading compared with recent wood. Under compressive loading, cellulose showed an increase in maximum strain and a significant increase in the variation of cellulose orientation angle, indicating that it may exhibit buckling-like meandering behavior. These results could be explained based on the decrease in hemicellulose content in the cell wall due to wood aging. In other words, the results suggested that an amorphous material in the cell wall affected the mechanical behavior of wood at the cell-wall level.
Study on flame retardancy and thermal stability of rigid polyurethane foams modified by amino trimethylphosphonate cobalt and expandable graphite
Authors: Liu Bing , Zhang Xu , Yuan Dehe , Wang Zhi , Xie Hua
Published: February 2023

Amino trimethylphosphonate cobalt (Co2+-ATMP) flame retardant was prepared by ion exchange method, and rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) modified by Co2+-ATMP and expandable graphite (EG) was prepared by one-pot and free-rise method. The flame retardancy, thermal stability and smoke toxicity of modified RPUF were studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimeter (Cone), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and smoke toxicity characterization. The results showed that the flame retardancy, thermal stability and smoke toxicity of RPUF modified by Co2+-ATMP and EG are significantly improved. When the ratio of Co2+-ATMP to EG is 1:5, the LOI value is the highest, and the toxicity of flue gas was the lowest. The peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release rate (THR) were both the lowest, 138 kW/m2 and 15.9 MJ/m2, respectively. Compared with RPUF-0, it decreased by 39.2% and 16.8% respectively. The research results can provide reference for the subsequent flame retardant modification of RPUF.
Statistical research on the mixing properties of wave based screws by numerical simulations
Authors: Liu Tian-lei , Du Yao-xue , He Xian-yun
Published: February 2023

Research based on numerical simulation with the CFD software ANSYS POLYFLOW is conducted on the mixing properties for the wave screw elements, as well as barrier screw elements, by using statistical tools. Then, the investigation is conducted in detail on the relationship between pressure, maximum shear rate, mixing index and other flow field characteristics of the two above screws under the same simulation conditions. It is found that polymer melt flow in the wave screw possesses various advantages compared with the normal barrier screw, such as acquiring larger pressure, stronger shearing and stretching action, better mixing and efficiency, which mainly result from the periodic depth change design in the screw groove. On the other hand, the increased wave bulge in the wave screw lessens the space for the polymer melt to be conveyed forward, which can greatly reduce the original function of the secondary flight. Also, the convergent and divergent zones in the wave screw groove produce a much stronger stress favoring the shear and elongation rates, and also lead to a sharp increase of the axial force load on the wave screw. Consequently, for the optimization of the wave screw configuration it is suggested to reduce the axial force without decreasing the effect of the excellent distributive and dispersive mixing.
Vietnam’s Mixed Constitution and Human Rights
Authors: Bui Ngoc Son
Published: February 2023

This article develops a discursive explanation of mixed constitution: mixed constitutional ideas and discourse generate mixed constitutional design and practice. On that base, it explores the nature, factors, and functions of the mixed constitution in Vietnam. The emergence of competing constitutional ideas (Confucian, socialist, liberal, universal) animates a constitutional discourse in which different actors adhere to different ideas. Consequently, the 2013 Constitution of Vietnam embodies a mixture of the ideas in its provisions on political institutions, economy, and especially human rights. The enforcement of the constitution induces competing claims to constitutional meanings. The mixed constitution is shaped by path dependency and global diffusion of constitutional ideas. It functions as the base to constrain ideational monopoly and widen the public discourse on constitutional development.
Ideation and Innovation in Constitutional Rights
Authors: Ginsburg Tom , Elkins Zachary
Published: February 2023

This article explores the development of ideas in constitutional design. The point of departure is a perspective of constitutions-as-products, and thus, an examination of the invention, innovation, and an uptake of these products. The article conceptualizes constitutional innovation and distinguishes its manifestations with respect to constitutional products, the process of constitution-making, and in supporting institutions. The last two elements, in line with Schumpeter’s approach to innovation, would seem especially important to constitutional development. The article provides several examples from the area of human rights and argues that innovations tend to be found in situations in which there is strong aversion to a prior order. It also shows that innovations tend to come from the periphery rather than the global core of the field. One of the sources of “mixed” constitutions is precisely such innovations, which then form raw material for further mixing.
Hybridity and Constitutional Taxonomy in Latin America
Authors: Pou Giménez Francisca
Published: February 2023

This article focuses on Latin American constitutionalism with two goals in mind. The first goal is to identify narratives of constitutional mixity or hybridity that have been influential in Latin America, something that habilitates a comparative analysis with references to mixed or hybrid constitutionalism in other scenarios. One narrative underlines the combination of U.S.-inspired constitutionalism with background civil law systems. Another narrative highlights the way classic regional constitutional designs feature a liberal-conservative hybridation that, some claim, continue to influence constitutional dynamics up to this day. And the third narrative is associated with the establishment in regional countries of hybrid or mixed systems of judicial review. The second goal of the article, more methodological in kind, is to explore what do Latin American narratives on mixity teach in the way to clarifying the nature and implications of exercises constitutional taxonomy. As it emerges, constitutional taxonomy is a way of organizing and generating knowledge which is useful to describe, but most meaningful when addressed to provide an explanation, which is often just an antechamber to normative evaluation. Whether a particular exercise of constitutional taxonomy makes sense in a particular scenario, however, is a different matter, and the article suggests that describing, explaining and evaluating Latin American constitutions as hybrid is illuminating but also problematic in a number of ways.
Deuterated SiNx: a low-loss, back-end CMOS-compatible platform for nonlinear integrated optics
Authors: Chia Xavier X. , Tan Dawn T. H.
Published: February 2023

Silicon nitride (SiN) has surged into prominence as a material for photonic-integrated circuits (PICs) in the past decade, well regarded for its broadband transparency, compatibility with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication processes and high optical bandgap that avoids two-photon absorption. However, current fabrication methods result in users having to choose between low thermal budgets and low losses, which are suboptimal given that both are necessary to facilitate a wide range of applications. Recently, works have emerged featuring PICs fabricated using deuterated silicon nitride (SiNx:D) – SiNx films grown using deuterated precursors instead of conventional hydrogenated ones. This decreases material absorption near the telecommunications bands at 1.55 µm previously present due to parasitic silicon–hydrogen and nitrogen–hydrogen bonds, attaining low-loss PICs realised using a low temperature, back-end-of-line CMOS-compatible fabrication plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition process. These devices have shown promise for both linear and nonlinear applications and the platform has the potential to be instrumental in realising highly efficient chips with co-packaged electronics and photonics devices. This paper reviews recent developments on the SiNx:D platform and provides a glance at future advancements for this highly promising material.
Stability and patterns of the nutrient-microorganism model with chemotaxis
Authors: Chen Mengxin , Wu Ranchao
Published: February 2023

In this paper, the stability and the bifurcations of the nutrient-microorganism model with chemotaxis are analyzed, subject to no-flux boundary conditions. By choosing the chemotaxis coefficient as the control parameter, it is found that the steady state bifurcation, the Hopf–Turing bifurcation, can happen in the model. The induced spatially homogeneous periodic solution, the non-constant steady state, and the spatially inhomogeneous periodic solution are exhibited. The results suggest that chemotaxis assimilated into the model could give rise to rich spatiotemporal dynamical behaviors.
Geographical Realignment of the Hungarian Voting Behaviour Between 2014 and 2022
Authors:   University of Szeged, Department of Economic and Social Geography, Kovalcsik Tamás , Bódi Mátyás ,   Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Social and Economic Geography
Published: February 2023

One of the main aims of electoral geography is to examine the spatial and socio-economic relationships of voting behaviour. Based on this, strong social cleavages were identified in the developed democracies in the 1960s, which strongly determined voting behaviour. After the regime change, these cleavages were also utilized by Hungarian electoral geographers to describe the spatiality of voting behaviour. However, a decrease in the importance of these cleavages has been reported, with the market turn of the traditional left and the strengthening of the populist right, new alignments have been created. The present study examines the spatiality of Hungarian voting behaviour and its transformation applying quantitative methods to the last three parliamentary elections. Based on our results, with the populist rhetorical change of Viktor Orbán (who is the leader of Fidesz, the governmental party since 2010) that has occurred since the migration crisis (2015), he appeals much more to disadvantaged people in the economic crisis regions (the losers of globalization), in addition to being able to retain his party’s significant rural voter base, while its support is relatively decreasing in the economically active, educated, and high-income regions.
Crises da democracia e de governo: um ensaio de história constitucional brasileira em defesa da Constituição-Cidadã e da cidadania emancipada
Authors: FORTES P. R. B.
Published: February 2023

The following essay discusses the crises of democracy and systems of government in Brazilian constitutional history over the course of two centuries from the perspective of defending the Citizens’ Constitution and emancipated citizenship. It undertakes a qualitative evaluation of the institutions, from criticism to the democratic deficit due to the lack of popular participation in the processes for developing the constitutions and the party-political processes established by the electoral systems. It analyzes the systems of government, the trajectory of the State from the imperial monarchy to the republic. Brazilian constitutional history undergoes a series of crises in democracy and government systems in the transitions between democratic and autocratic regimes, at the advent of the republic, in movements defending parliamentarism and semi-presidentialism as a substitution for the presidential system. In terms of Brazilians’ political status, there is a gradual universalization of electoral suffrage and a shift from the institutional position of subjects as subjects of the empire to citizens of the republic, with the dynamics of regulated citizenship, statehood, and the search for an emancipated citizenship. The essay closes with an analysis of the Citizens’ Constitution of 1988 and a reflection on the need for militant democracy in defense of its conquests on social rights and public policies, with the overcoming of the limitations derived from coalition presidentialism and the pressures caused by the emergence of authoritarian populism.
A exploração do trabalho infantil no futebol: Regulamentação jurídica constitucional e infraconstitucional (Brasil)
Authors: MACHADO A. R. S. , CUSTÓDIO André Viana
Published: February 2023

The following article addresses the exploitation of child labor in sports, analyzing the legal regulations applicable to soccer teams in Brazil. In this sense, and considering the need to investigate further the consequences for children and adolescents, the following problem emerges: how does Brazilian legislation seek to impose limits that guarantee the protection of children and adolescents in the sporting sphere in Brazil? The approach applied in this article is the deductive method. The source of the research is the bibliography on the subject and the legal framework. The article has three specific objectives: to contextualize the exploitation of child labor and its historical aspects; to address the exploitation of children and adolescents in soccer; and finally, to analyze the legal protection for children and adolescents in terms of child labor in Brazilian soccer. We identify the existence of a limitation in Brazilian legislation, which imposes restrictions against the exploitation of child labor by children and adolescents in sports, seeking to guarantee their right to a healthy childhood and adolescence, as well as to guarantee the full protection of their rights. Such legal provisions converge with international provisions, especially those laid out by FIFA (Federation International Football Association).
O conceito de revolução no pensamento luso-brasileiro no começo do século XIX
Authors: GOMES Jônatas Roque M.
Published: February 2023

This article aims to analyze Luso-Brazilian thought, exploring its medieval, modern, and contemporary foundations. An analysis of the readings and appropriations made of liberalism and constitutionalism in the Luso-Brazilian world and the adaptations and consents afforded for the assimilation of a constitutional/liberal vocabulary are key to understanding Iberian political thought at the turn of the nineteenth century. In addition to the meanings of the entry for ‘revolution’ in the period’s Portuguese language dictionaries, we attempt to provide a general overview of our findings in the writings of José da Silva Lisboa and José Acúrsio das Neves on the concept of revolution. Writings from different periods in these political agents’ output have been selected to provide an overview of their ideas on the subject. In this text we seek to highlight the main points of the documents analyzed, such as conceptual–but also political and moral–aspects, demonstrating the relevance of the authors’ intellectual production.
Imprensa, divórcio e casamento: o papel da mulher na família moderna (1910-1950)
Authors: Caetano V. M. F
Published: February 2023

This article seeks to understand the positions of three Rio de Janeiro journals, Careta, Fon-Fon and O Malho, in terms of a woman’s role in the concept of the “modern family” during the first half of the twentieth century, whether as a daughter, wife, or mother. Based on the concept of modern patriarchy, we seek to understand the new forms of patriarchy in republican Brazil and how these affected women’s behavior, their everyday lives in the family sphere and in social and power dynamics in private and public spaces, during this period of accelerated change. Based on this analysis, we consider how the press reported to its readers on marriages and separations and how it presented female desire through divorce.
Rights of prisoners and role of higher judiciary in humanizing Indian prisons: a critique
Authors: Mawandiya Swati Kumari , Gupta Neeraj Kumar
Published: February 2023

The prison has remained an ignored area for long time. The rights of the prisoners have also remained neglected for a very long time. Though there were various cases dealt by the India’s higher judiciary relating to rights of prisoners yet the same has remained obscured as the mainstream media does not cover the news related to prisoners’ rights until some celebrity is involved. In this paper, it is attempted to analyze the rights of the prisoners as recognized by the international law. The paper also analyses the role played by Indian higher judiciary in humanizing the prisons through various case laws in the context of the rights available to prisoners. This paper makes an analysis of the role of India’s Higher Judiciary in making the prisons a place where a prisoner can be treated and made fit to re-enter the society after release to lead an honest life. There have been many areas of challenges wherein the Courts have contributed to its improvement through its decisions and guidelines.
Direito comunitário
Authors: Kostogryzov Pavel Igorevich
Published: February 2023

The following article examines the problem of conceptualizing the socio-normative order, which is not directly related to State activities and in most cases is referred to in legal science by the terms “legal customs” and “common law”. By analyzing the conventional theory of “common” law, the author seeks to contemplate this concept from a new perspective, identifying a series of theoretical and epistemological problems associated with it. This reveals that the most common definition of common law is quite contradictory, with the ambiguity of this concept and its unjustifiably wide application impoverishing the content. At the same time, it would be incorrect to deem that the laws of pre-state societies and state-organized societies that maintained legal institutions independent of the state “consist” mainly of customs, which would, in turn, be the result of “multiple repetitions” of certain (relatively random) actions. Using fundamentally different principles for the classification of law, the author does not base himself on formal classification criteria, but on the nature of those social forces that guarantee the fulfilment of legal norms. From this basis, he introduces and grounds the concept of community law. The article thus demonstrates that this concept is more relevant to a definition of law which is not based on the will of state power. The reach of this concept is entirely compatible with the set of manifestations that it designates, and its use helps to avoid the contradictions and dubious connotations that arise from the use of the term “common law”.
Elections in Lower Saxony amid economic problems and energy crisis in Germany
Authors:   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Belov Vladislav
Published: February 2023

Landtag elections were held in Lower Saxony on October 9, in which the SPD won by a few percent over the CDU. The opposition, Union 90/Greens and Alternative for Germany, strengthened their positions. The FDP barely crossed the 5% hurdle. The election campaign took place against the background of deteriorating German economy, deepening energy crisis and worsening geopolitical situation. The author analyzes the features of the past elections and prospects of a new governing coalition.
New cabinet of ministers in Serbia
Authors:   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, HSE University, Entina Ekaterina
Published: February 2023

On 3 April 2022, general elections were held in Serbia. The cabinet was not formed until seven months later, on 23 October. There was an intrigue whether Serbia would adhere to the position of not imposing sanctions on Russia. In addition, Serbian President Vucic has repeatedly stated that the cabinet formation went on under unprecedented pressure of the West.
Germany's anti-Russia sanctions policy: intermediate results and countermeasures
Authors:   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Belov Vladislav , Kotov Alexander ,   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2023

It is emphasized that in 2022 the sanctions of Germany, the largest economic partner of Russia in the EU, radically weakened Russian-German economic cooperation in a wide range of interactions. It is determined that, as part of coordinated actions with Brussels, Berlin is focused on curbing the industrial development of the Russian Federation and limiting its foreign exchange earnings. Russia, along with the already existing countermeasures, needs to develop additional steps aimed at reducing the potential for conflict in bilateral economic cooperation, incl. by attracting the German business that remained in the Russian Federation as an economic lobbyist for a peaceful settlement for the future.
Anti-inflationary policy of the Bank of Russia
Authors:   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bazhan Anatoly
Published: February 2023

The article discusses the reasons for the rise in prices in Russia over the past few years and the essence of the anti-inflationary policy of the Bank of Russia. The author came to the conclusion that the main causes of modern inflation in our country are non-monetary factors, and therefore the fight against it through the use of the traditional instrument of monetary regulation - raising the key interest rate of the Central Bank, is ineffective. At the same time, the article notes that high interest rates play a negative role, as they limit the ability of the banking system to participate fully in financing the country's economic development. To eliminate this limitation, the author proposes to use lower rates, especially when the Bank of Russia refinances commercial banks that lend to industrial enterprises, the creation and development of which is provided for by government programs.