bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"Octonauts": Blending in the Names of BBC UK Children’s Programs
Authors: Arifah Amanda Amalia Noor , Moehkardi Rio Rini Diah
Published: July 2021

This research investigates the formation process of the blends, the classification, and identify the semantic changes in the names of the BBC UK children’s programs. The methods used in this research are descriptive qualitative, and quantitative. To analyze the formation and classification of the blends, the writer used the theory proposed by Elisa Mattiello. The result shows that morphotactically, the blends are categorized into total and partial blends. Morphonologically, the blends are classified into overlapping and non-overlapping blends. Morphosemantically, the attributive blends are more frequently used than the coordinative blends. Furthermore, there are some semantic changes found in the attributive blends.
Unreleased Bursts of Final Stops in English Words as Pronounced by Native Speakers of Javanese from Yogyakarta
Authors: Abrori Muhammad Furqon , Munandar Aris
Published: July 2021

This research aims to describe how native speakers of Javanese from Yogyakarta realize final stops in English words, understand how often they pronounce final stops in English words with audible release burst, and examine whether release burst in final stops is a feature of Yogyakartan Javanese accent of English, based on their occurrence frequency. 20 native Javanese speakers from Yogyakarta were asked to pronounce 24 English words ending in stops: /p/, /t/, /k/, /b/, /d/, and /g/. The recordings were then analyzed and compared against recordings of the words produced by native English speakers using Praat to identify the release bursts. The finding shows that release burst can be found in 7 out of 80 (8.75%) recordings of words ending in final /p/, 8 out of 80 (10%) recordings of words ending in final /t/, 15 out of 80 (18.75%) recordings of words ending in final /k/, 10 out of 80 (12.5%) recordings of words ending in final /b/, 9 out of 80 (11.25%) recordings of words ending in final /d/, and 16 out of 80 (20%) recordings of words ending in final /g/. In total, 165 out of 480 (13.54%) recordings contain release bursts in the final stop.
The Flouting of Gricean Maxims Found in the TV Series Mom
Authors: Kharismawanti Nurmalia Ayu , Basuki Amin
Published: July 2021

This research discusses the flouting of Gricean maxims done by all the characters in the TV series Mom in the first 10 episodes in season 1. This research aims to identify and to classify the flouting of Gricean maxims according to Cutting’s classification and the most used method of flouting. The quantitative and qualitative methods are used as data analysis instruments. It is discovered that there are 99 flouting, with 59.6% (59 cases) among which is flouting of maxim of quality, 18.2% (18 cases) is flouting of maxim of quantity, 13.1% (13 cases) is flouting of maxim of relation, and 9.1% (9 cases) is flouting of maxim of manner. The characters in Mom tend to flout the maxims by using metaphors, being irrelevant, using irony or sarcasm, using hyperbole, or being ambiguous or obscure. The analysis shows that the characters flouted the maxims for several reasons, with the most frequent one is to offend or to hurt the hearer and to convince the hearer.
New Woman as Seen in Bram Stoker’s Dracula
Authors: Winandhini Rheavanya , Jatmiko Rahmawan
Published: July 2021

This paper discusses the influence of feminism in the classic Victorian novel Dracula by Bram Stoker. The New Woman is a feminist ideal that appeared in the 19th century, more specifically amidst the rise of the first wave of feminism. The method of research used in this study covers close reading of the source material and analyzing the characters of the novel through the perspective of the New Woman ideals. The female characters in Bram Stoker’s Dracula portrayed the New Woman characteristic to some degree. Women’s independence, intellect, hyperfemininity, and hypersexuality, are some of the aspects of the movement that go against the norm and values of women in Victorian Britain, such as Mina’s “man’s brain” and Lucy’s hyperfemininity, while the Brides of Dracula provide contrast as the oppressed women with their submissive and compliant attitude towards him. Without erasing their representation of these New Woman ideals, Mina and Lucy also portrayed the complexity and dimensionality of being a woman in the Victorian era; their beauty and appeal were praised while their more “unwomanly” aspects present some threats towards men.
The Violation of Conversational Maxims in the Movie Series Divergent
Authors: Pradani Adelia Fatmawati , Sembodo Thomas Joko Priyo
Published: July 2021

This research focuses on identifying the types of conversational maxims violated by the characters in a feature film trilogy entitled The Divergent Series. This research also aims to explain the functions of the violation of conversational maxims in the series. The result shows that there are 100 violations of conversational maxim in Divergent series, and among those, there are 43 violations of maxim of relevance (43%), which is the most frequently occurred in the movie. The second violation identified is the violation of maxim of manner, which reaches 24 violations (24%), and the third frequently occurring violation is violations of maxim of quantity with 22 numbers of violation (22%)/. The least occurring violation found in the movie is violation of  maxim of quality, which reaches 11 numbers of violation (11%). There are several functions of the violation of conversational maxim found in the movie: keeping a secret, concealing half of the information, avoiding certain topic/question, and confusing the hearer.
Resistance against Women’s Objectification Portrayed in Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God
Authors: Ratnawati Made Dian , Hernawati Mala
Published: July 2021

In the early twentieth century, African-American women in the southern United States faced double oppression as a result of patriarchy and racism. They strive to reclaim their independence, all the more so when they are bound by their marriage. Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937) is Zora Neale Hurston's magnum opus, which chronicles the objectification of a young African-American woman called Janie Crawford during her marriage. Through the lens of Black Feminism, this research aims to identify the many forms of female objectification present in the novel and to ascertain the responses taken by the main character in response to the objectification. This research makes use of Martha Nussbaum's and Rae Langton's objectification ideas. Additionally, this study employs Kumea Shorter-Gooden's resistance strategies to evaluate the main character's strategies for resisting objectification. Janie Crawford was subjected to nine distinct forms of objectification by both her first and second husbands, Logan and Jody, according to this study. Additionally, this research illustrates how Janie Crawford's opposition to objectification is fueled by the concept of self-definition. In general, the findings indicate that the novel is centered on the problem of women's objectification and is a timely representation of African American women's lives in the early twentieth century.
Understanding the Data Management Plan as a Boundary Object through a Multi-stakeholder perspective
Authors: Kvale Live , Pharo Nils
Published: July 2021

A three-phase Delphi study was used to investigate an emerging community for research data management in Norway and their understanding and application of data management plans (DMPs). The findings reveal visions of what the DMP should be as well as different practice approaches, yet the stakeholders present common goals. This paper discusses the different perspectives on the DMP by applying Star and Griesemerâ€™s theory of boundary objects (Star & Griesemer, 1989). The debate on what the DMP is and the findings presented are relevant to all research communities currently implementing DMP procedures and requirements. The current discussions about DMPs tend to be distant from the active researchers and limited to the needs of funders and institutions rather than to the usefulness for researchers. By analysing the DMP as a boundary object, plastic and adaptable yet with a robust identity (Star & Griesemer, 1989), and by translating between worlds where collaboration on data sharing can take place we expand the perspectives and include all stakeholders. An understanding of the DMP as a boundary object can shift the focus from shaping a DMP which fulfils fundersâ€™ requirements to enabling collaboration on data management and sharing across domains using standardised forms.
Prevalence and Risk Factor of Chronic Rhinosinusitis and the Impact on Quality of Life in Students of the Medical Faculty Christian University of Indonesia in 2018
Authors: Poluan Fransiskus Harf , Marlina Lina
Published: July 2021

Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammation of nasal mucose dan paranasal sinuses with ≥ two symptoms, one of which should be nasal blockage/ obstruction or nasal discharge (anterior/ posterior nasal drip) that happened for ≥ 12 Weeks. CRS affects 5-15% adult population in Europe and the United States of America, with a prevalence of 2-4% that doctors have diagnosed. The risk factors of CRS that quite often happened on CRS is allergic rhinitis. CRS also often happened in women. CRS also impact the patient's quality of life. This study aims to know the prevalence and risk factor of CRS and the impact on quality of life on 160 students of the Medical Faculty Christian University of Indonesia uses a validated questionnaire and SNOT-22 questionnaire. This study uses a descriptive method with a cross-sectional approach. The results of CRS prevalence in this study are 71 students (44,4%), with a gender distribution are 52 students (53,2%). The correlation of allergic history suspect with CRS is proven by a statistic test using chi-square with results P=0,003 (P>0,05) with a majority of the distribution is allergic rhinitis are 60 students (90,1%). All respondents answered that CRS impacts their quality of life with most of the symptoms: nasal blockage/ obstruction and 36 students (57,7%).

Keywords: Chronic Rhinosinusitis, Nasal Mucosa Inflammation, Allergic History, Allergic Rhinitis, Gender, Quality of Life.
Differences in Histopathological Picture of Lung Organs in Sprague Dowley White Rats that Die Drowning in Salt Water and Fresh Water
Authors: Pellondo’u.P Theza E. A. , Nurprilinda Marliana , Atuk Yoan Marsindhy Rahayu
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to investigate the differences in the pulmonary histopathology of the drowned victims in salt water and fresh water. By utilizing a post-test only control design, the research used Sprague Dawley lab rat as the main subject of the experiment. The subject would be drowned in two different types of water, which were salt water and fresh water. There were fifteen male rats which divided evenly into three separate groups. The first group was subjected to salt water, and the second group was subjected to fresh water. The last group was a control group. The result from the test was analyzed by comparing the lung tissue histopathological structure of the subject for the salt water group and the fresh water group. On the outcome, there was a significant difference between interalveolar haemorrhage in the lung of a mouse drowned in salt water and submerged in fresh water. In addition, there was over-distension of the alveoli, thinning of the alveolar septal wall in both groups. The result of the experiment showed that there was a significant interalveolar haemorrhage difference in the histopathological structure between the salt water group and the fresh water group.

Keywords: pulmonary histopathology, drowning, alveolus, white rat
The role of high carbohydrate-rich food intake and severity of wheezing exacerbation in children between 2 to 6 years aged.
Authors: Buendia Jefferson , Acuña-Cordero Ranniery , TALAMONI HERNAN
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Dietary habits in developing countries are characterized
in the last decades by low intake of fruits, vegetables, and high
consumption of sweetened drinks. Most of the evidence linking
carbohydrate intake and asthma comes from children over 6 years of age.
The aim of this study was to examine the association of macronutrient
intake with the severity of wheezing exacerbation in children aged 2 to
6 years Methods. We performed a prospective cohort study that included
all children aged 2 to 6 years hospitalized by a wheezing exacerbation
in two tertiary centers in Rionegro, Colombia. Dietary data were
collected using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) validated in the
Colombian population. Gina classification of acute wheezing in children
5 years and younger was to define the severity of the wheezing Results
During the study period, 228 cases of patients with wheezing
exacerbation were included. Wheezing severity was dose-dependently
associated with protein and carbohydrate-rich intake. The variables
included in the multivariable analysis included reactive C protein,
smoking at home, atopic dermatitis, protein, and carbohydrate-rich food
intake Conclusion High carbohydrate-rich food intake was associated with
severity of wheezing exacerbation adjusted by other known risk factors
such as atopic, smoking, and reactive C protein. Also, we found a
negative association of severity of wheezing exacerbation with high
protein-rich food intake adjusted by the factors mentioned above. This
evidence should motivate the development of public health policies to
control the consumption of sugar-rich products in children under 6 years
of age.
Influenza A (H6N6) virus isolated from chickens replicate in mice and human lungs without prior adaptation
Authors: Gao Lingxi , Wang Xijing , Lin Yugui , Zhong Weijuan , Su Shanggui , Zhou Siyu , Zhu Yinchuan , Li Chengyi , Fan Xiaohui , Zhang Zengfeng
Published: July 2021

H6H6 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) is currently prevalent in wild
birds and poultry. Its host range has gradually expanded to the mammals,
such as swine. Some strains of H6N6 AIV have even acquired the ability
to bind to human-like receptors SA-α2, 6Gal, thus increasing the risk of
animal-human transmission. To investigate whether H6N6 AIV can cross
interspecies barriers from poultry to mammals and even humans, we
assessed the molecular characteristics, receptor-binding preference,
replication in mice, and the human lung of three chicken-originated H6N6
strains. Among the three chicken-originated H6N6 strains,
A/CK/ZZ/346/2014 (ZZ346) virus with P186T, H156R, S263G mutation of
hemagglutinin (HA) showed the ability to bind to avian-like SAα-2,3Gal
and human-like SAα-2,6Gal receptors. Moreover, H6N6 viruses, especially
the ZZ346 strain, could replicate and infect mice and human lungs. Our
study detected the H6N6 virus favorable to bind to both avian-like
SAα-2,3Gal and human-like SAα-2,6Gal receptors, verified its ability to
cross the species barrier to infect mice, and verified to infect human
lungs without prior adaptation. This study emphasizes the importance of
continuous and intense monitoring of the evolution of the H6N6 virus in
the terrestrial bird.
Transborder molecular analysis of MDR tuberculosis dynamics in Mongolia and Eastern Siberia, Russia
Authors: Zhdanova Svetlana , Mokrousov Igor , Orlova Elizaveta , Sinkov Viacheslav , Ogarkov Oleg
Published: July 2021

Mongolia and Eastern Siberia, Russia are border regions in Asia with
high incidence of tuberculosis (TB). In this study, we aimed to
investigate MDR -TB transborder transmission with a focus on
endemic and epidemic Mycobacterium tuberculosis clones and drug
resistance patterns. M. tuberculosis strains (291 from Mongolia
and 754 from Russia) were collected within cross-sectional
population-based surveys in 2010-2016. DNA was genotyped in 24 MIRU-VNTR
loci and by PCR testing of the key SNP markers to discriminate within
Beijing genotype. In total, 1045 isolates were divided into 435
MIRU-types that were assigned to Lineage 2 (Beijing isolates) and
Lineage 4 (Ural, Haarlem, Latin-American-Mediterranean [LAM], S, and
unclassified isolates). Beijing genotype was dominant in both countries,
but most of Russian and all Mongolian Beijing strains belonged to
different subtypes of the modern Beijing sublineage with only negligible
overlap between the two countries. In particular, the Beijing types
#342-32, #3819-32, #1773-32 (Asian African 2 group) were found only
in Mongolia. LAM was the most common non-Beijing genotype (11.0% in
Mongolia and 14.7% in Russia) and its isolates mostly belonged to
LAM-RUS branch. MDR rate was higher in Russia compared to Mongolia among
newly diagnosed patients: 29.4% versus 4.2% (p < 0.001) but
similar and high in the retreatment subgroups (65.8% and 67.4%,
respectively). In Russian collection, a higher MDR rate was observed in
(i) Beijing compared to non-Beijing (47.5% versus 38.8%, p = 0.03),
(ii) Beijing B0/W148 subtype compared to Beijing Central Asian/Russian
subtype (64.5% versus 39.3%, p <0.001). In Mongolia, MDR
rate was similar in Beijing (29.7%) and non-Beijing (27.5%) genotypes.
In conclusion, population structures of the Beijing genotype in Mongolia
and Russian borderline regions differ significantly including specific
patterns of drug resistance. In contrast, largely overlapping LAM
subtypes may correlate with historical endemic circulation of the
LAM-RUS branch in Northern Eurasia.
Ccn2 deletion predisposes to aortic aneurysm formation and death in mice which is partially reduced by mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist treatment
Authors: Díez Raúl Rodrigues , Tejera-Muñoz Antonio , Esteban Vanesa , Steffensen Lasse , Rodrigues-Diez Raquel , Orejudo Macarena , Mateos Sandra Rayego , Falke Lucas , Cannata Pablo , Ortiz Alberto , Egido Jesús , Mallat Ziad , Bríones Ana , Bajo Maria , Goldschmeding Roel , Ruiz-Ortega Marta
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose: Cellular Communication Network Factor 2 (CCN2)
is a matricellular protein normally present in the vascular wall but
overexpressed in several cardiovascular diseases. CCN2 has been proposed
as a downstream mediator of profibrotic actions of Transforming Growth
Factor (TGF)-β and Angiotensin II (Ang II). However, its direct role in
cardiovascular diseases is not completely understood. Experimental
Approach: To investigate the direct role of CCN2 under vascular
pathological conditions, a conditionally deficient CCN2 (CCN2-KO) mouse
was evaluated infused or not with Ang II. Key Results: In the absence of
CCN2, Ang II infusion induced a rapid (within 48 hours) aortic aneurysm
generation and increased aneurysm rupture with 80 % lethality at the
endpoint. CCN2 deletion caused elastin layer disruption and increased
metalloproteinase activity, which were aggravated by Ang II
administration. Aortic RNA-seq studies and the subsequent Gene Ontology
enriched analysis pointed out the aldosterone biosynthesis process as
one of the most enriched terms in absence of CCN2. Pharmacological
aldosterone pathway intervention in Ang II-infused CCN2-KO mice, by
treatment with the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone,
reduced aneurysm formation and mortality after Ang II infusion.
Conclusion and Implications: CCN2 deletion induces a rapid aneurysm
formation and rupture after Ang II infusion which is partially prevented
by blocking the mineralocorticoid receptor. Our present data highlight,
for the first time, the potential role of CCN2 as a vascular homeostatic
factor and its relevance in the aldosterone synthesis, opening new
avenues to future studies in aortic aneurysm treatment.
The effect of COVID-19 First Lockdown on ENT emergencies: what happened and what can we learn?
Authors: Taneja Virangna , McGarry Gerald
Published: July 2021

ENT emergencies are heterogeneous and include infections, inflammatory
and traumatic conditions. We observed what appeared to be a dramatic
alteration in emergency presentations to our unit during the early phase
of 1st COVID-19 Lockdown in 2020. Objective- This study compares pre
COVID-19 presentations with 1st Lockdown presentations and examines the
overall numbers; conditions encountered and draw conclusions which may
influence future planning for ENT services. Setting-Records for
emergency ENT presentations to a regional centre were examined for two
comparable 61-day time periods. Design and Participants-Presentations
for April and May 2019 (pre COVID-19) were compared to April and May
2020 (1st Lockdown). Records were compared with regards to overall
numbers, demography, diagnosis and treatment. Admissions for COVID-19
related airway interventions and admissions/attendances for elective
complications were excluded. Results and conclusion-In the pre COVID-19
group, 649 emergency presentations were recorded: 401 infection related
cases, 90 epistaxis, and 158 non-infectious/traumatic cases. In the 1st
Lockdown group, 254 emergency presentations were recorded: 121 infection
related cases, 56 epistaxis and 77 non-infectious/ traumatic cases.
Overall, there was a 61% reduction in emergency presentations during
the 1st Lockdown. Infectious cases reduced by 70%, epistaxis reduced by
38% and non-infectious cases fell by 51%. All of these differences
were statistically significant (p value <0.05). The infectious
category showed the greatest reduction in presentations and within this
category the greatest change was observed in Laryngeal infections
(95%), facial cellulitis (84%) and Tonsil infections (73%).
Ventilatory limitations are not associated with dyspnea on exertion or reduced aerobic fitness in pectus excavatum: a critical information that must be highlighted to prevent inappropriate interventions.
Authors: LUPON Elise , Lellouch ALEXANDRE GASTON , Chaput Benoit , Cetrulo Curtis , Chavoin Jean Pierre
Published: July 2021

Cover letter Pediatric Pulmonology Dear Editor, Enclosed is a manuscript
to be considered in Pediatric Pulmonology that does not require an
abstract , usually. This letter to the editor entitled “Ventilatory
limitations are not associated with dyspnea on exertion or reduced
aerobic fitness in pectus excavatum: a critical information that must be
highlighted to prevent inappropriate interventions” comments the
reports by Hardie and al. which tested the hypothesis that PEX
deformities are associated with a pulmonary impairment during exercise
and concluded that resting lung volume measurements were associated with
the anatomic degree of PEX severity.
Reference values of impulse oscillometry (IOS) for healthy Chinese children aged 4-18 years
Authors: Wu Jinhong , Zhang Hao
Published: July 2021

Objective: To establish the predicted value of lung function determined
by impulse oscillometry (IOS) in children (4~17 years
old) in China. Methods: A total of 6270 healthy children aged 4 to 17 in
Shanghai were included. The Master Screen IOS pulmonary function device
(Jaeger Co, Germany) was used to detect the respiratory total impedance
(Zrs), response frequency (Fres), viscosity resistance (Rrs) and elastic
resistance (Xrs) at various oscillation frequencies, and the indexes
above were analyzed. The stepwise multivariate regression was used to
establish the regression equation of related parameters of IOS in
different genders. Results The median age of 6270 children (3345 boys
and 2925 girls) was 10 years, ranging from 4 to 17 years. The
differences in the main IOS parameters between different age and height
groups are statistically significant regardless of sex
(P<0.05). The values of Z5, R5, R20, and Fres decreased with
the increase of age and height, while X5 increased with the increase of
age and height. The stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed
that IOS parameters were related to height, age, and weight, and most
IOS parameters were most closely related to height (the absolute value
of regression coefficient was the largest). Conclusions: The study
revealed the normal predicted value of pulmonary function by IOS in
healthy children in China. In the evaluation of the results of the lung
function measurements, the use of this predicted value equation is more
in line with the characteristics of Chinese children than that of
foreign countries. Key words: impulse oscillometry; respiratory function
test; normal predicted value; child
Pathology and One Health implications of fatal Leptospira interrogans infection in an urbanized, free-ranging, black-tufted marmoset ( Callithrix penicilatta ) in Brazil
Authors: Wilson Tais M. , Ritter Jana M. , Martines Roosecelis B. , Gonçalves Alexandra A. B. , Fair Pamela , Galloway Renee , Weiner Zachary , Romano Alessandro P. M. , Costa Gabriela R. T. , Melo Cristiano de , Zaki Sherif R. , Castro Márcio Botelho de
Published: July 2021

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic neglected disease of worldwide public health
concern. Leptospira species can infect a wide range of wild and
domestic mammals and can lead to a spectrum of disease, including severe
and fatal forms. Herein, we report for the first time a fatal
Leptospira interrogans infection in a free-ranging nonhuman
primate (NHP), a black-tufted marmoset. Icterus, pulmonary hemorrhage,
interstitial nephritis and hepatocellular dissociation were the main
findings raising the suspicion of leptospirosis. Diagnostic confirmation
was based on specific immunohistochemical and PCR assays for
Leptospira species. Immunolocalization of leptospiral antigens
and identification of pathogenic species ( L. interrogans
species) were important for better understanding the pathogenesis of
disease. One Health related implications of free-ranging NHPs in
anthropized areas and transmission dynamics of human and animal
leptospirosis are discussed.
Mineralocorticoid receptor in cardiovascular diseases -- clinical trials and mechanistic insights
Authors: Bauersachs Johann , Andrés Natalie López
Published: July 2021

Aldosterone binds to the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), a
transcription factor of the nuclear receptor family, present in the
kidney and in various other non-epithelial cells including the heart and
the vasculature (Cannavo et al., 2018). Indeed, extra-renal
pathophysiological effects of this hormone have been characterized,
extending its actions to the cardiovascular (CV) system (Messaoudi et
al., 2012). A growing body of clinical and pre-clinical evidence
suggests that MR activation plays an important pathophysiological role
in CV remodeling by promoting cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, arterial
stiffness, as well as in inflammation and oxidative stress (Bauersachs
et al., 2015). The following review article outlines the role of MR in
CV disease with a focus on myocardial remodeling and heart failure (HF)
including clinical trials as well as cellular and animal studies.
Utilization of Healthcare Services and Drug Consumption in Fibromyalgia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Clalit Health Service Database
Authors: Gendelman Omer , Shapira Raz , Tiosano Shmuel , Kuntzman Yuval , Tsur Avishai , Hakimian Aliza , Comaneshter doron , Cohen Arnon , Buskila Dan , Amital Howard
Published: July 2021

Abstract Aim: To investigate the health care utilization and drug
consumption of patients with fibromyalgia (FM). Materials and Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study using the Clalit Health Care database.
Clalit is the largest HMO in Israel, serving more than 4.4 million
enrollees. We identified FM patients and age and sex-matched controls.
Indicators of healthcare utilization and drug consumption were extracted
and analyzed for both groups. Results: The study included 14,296 FM
patients and 71,324 controls. The mean age was 56 years, with a female
predominance of 92%. The mean number of visits across of all healthcare
services (hospitalizations, emergency department visit, general
practitioner clinic visits, rheumatology clinic visits and pain clinic
visits) and the mean difference (MD) were significantly higher for FM
patients compared to controls (MD 0.66, p<0.001; MD 0.23,
p<0.001; MD 7.49, p<0.001; MD 0.31,
p<0.001; MD 0.13, p<0.001), respectively. Drug use
was significantly and consistently higher among FM patients compared to
controls; NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) OR 2.56,
P<0.001; Opioids OR 4.23, P<0.001; TCA (tricyclic
antidepressants) OR 8.21, P<0.001; Gabapentinoids OR 6.31,
P<0.001; SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) OR
2.07, P<0.001; SNRI (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake
inhibitor) OR 7.43, P<0.001. Conclusion: Healthcare
utilization and drug use are substantially higher among patients with
fibromyalgia compared to controls
Longitudinal clinical trajectory analysis of individuals before and after diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) indicates that vascular problems start early
Authors: Heald Adrian , Chang Kai , Jia Ting , Sun Hailong , Zheng Qiguang , Wang Xinyan , Xia Jianan , Stedman Mike , Fachim Helene , Gibson Martin , Zhou Xuezhong , Anderson Simon , Peng Yonghong , Ollier Bill
Published: July 2021

Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) frequently associates with
increasing multi-morbidity/treatment complexity. Some headway has been
made to identify genetic and non-genetic risk factors for T2DM. However
longitudinal clinical histories of individuals both before and after
diagnosis of T2DM are likely to provide additional insight into both
diabetes aetiology/further complex trajectory of multi-morbidity.
Methods This study utilised diabetes patients/controls enrolled in the
DARE (Diabetes Alliance for Research in England) study where pre- and
post-T2DM diagnosis longitudinal data was available for trajectory
analysis. Longitudinal data of 281 individuals (T2DM n=237 vs matched
non-T2DM controls n=44) were extracted, checked for errors and logical
inconsistencies and then subjected to Trajectory Analysis over a period
of up to 70 years based on calculations of the proportions of most
prominent clinical conditions for each year. Results For individuals who
eventually had a diagnosis of T2DM made, a number of clinical phenotypes
were seen to increase consistently in the years leading up to diagnosis
of T2DM. Of these documented phenotypes, the most striking were
diagnosed hypertension (more than in the control group) and asthma. This
trajectory over time was much less dramatic in the matched control
group. Immediately prior to T2DM diagnosis a greater indication of
ischaemic heart disease proportions was observed. Post-T2DM diagnosis,
the proportions of T2DM patients exhibiting hypertension and infection
continued to climb rapidly before plateauing. Ischaemic heart disease
continued to increase in this group as well as retinopathy, impaired
renal function and heart failure. Conclusion These observations provide
an intriguing and novel insight into the onset and natural progression
of T2DM. They suggest an early phase of potentially-related disease
activity well before any clinical diagnosis of diabetes is made. Further
studies on a larger cohort of DARE patients are underway to explore the
utility of establishing predictive risk scores.
Iatrogenic Harlequin syndrome after thoracic spine surgery: a case report and literary review
Authors: Abousabie Zeyad , Almzeogi Mohamed , janicijevic aleksandar , Kostic Jelena , Tasic Goran
Published: July 2021

Here we present a unique case of Harlequin syndrome without Horner
syndrome after contralateral Th3 intradural tumor resection. Harlequin
sign in our case presented probably to resection of sympathetic nerves
while removing meningioma. Syndrome is rare in neurosurgical procedure,
but we think that surgeons must be aware of it.
A machine learning approach to Model for End Stage Liver Disease score in cardiac surgery
Authors: Aranda-Michel Edgar , Sultan Ibrahim , Kilic Arman , Bianco Valentino , Brown James , Serna-Gallegos Derek
Published: July 2021

Objective The Model for End- Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score is a
composite number of physiologic parameters and likely has non-linear
effects on operative outcomes. . We use machine learning to evaluate the
relationship between MELD score and outcomes of cardiac surgery. Methods
All STS indexed elective cardiac surgical procedures at our institution
between 2011 and 2018 were included. MELD score was retrospectively
calculated. Logistic regression models and an imbalanced random forest
classifier was created on operative mortality using 30 preoperative
characteristics. Cox regression models and random forest survival models
were created for long-term survival. Variable importance analysis (VIMP)
was conducted to rank variables by predictive power. Linear and machine
learned models were compared with their receiver operating
characteristic (ROC) and Brier score respectively. Results The patient
population included 3,872 individuals. Operative mortality was 1.7% and
5-year survival was 82.1%. MELD score was the 4th largest positive
predictor on VIMP analysis for both operative long-term survival and the
strongest negative predictor for operative mortality. The logistic model
ROC area was 0.762, compared to the random forest classifier ROC of
0.674. The Brier score of the random forest survival model was larger
(worse) than the cox regression starting at 2 years and continuing
throughout the study period. Conclusions MELD score and other continuous
variables had high degrees of non-linearity to mortality. This is
demonstrated by the fact that MELD score was not significant in the cox
multivariable regression but was strongly important in the random forest
survival model.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 is the most important enzyme for hepatic metabolism of the metamizole metabolite 4-methylaminoantipyrine
Authors: Bachmann Fabio , Duthaler Urs , Meyerzuschwabidissen Henriette , Krahenbuhl Stephan
Published: July 2021

Aim: Metamizole (dipyrone) is a prodrug not detectable in serum or urine
after oral ingestion. The primary metabolite is 4-methylaminoantipyrine
(4-MAA), which can be N-demethylated to 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AA) or
oxidized to 4-formylaminoantipyrine (4-FAA) by cytochrome P450
(CYP)-dependent reactions. Our aim was to identify the CYPs involved.
Methods: We investigated the metabolism of 4-MAA in vitro using CYP
expressing supersomes and the pharmacokinetics of metamizole in the
presence of CYP inhibitors in healthy volunteers. Results: The
experiments in supersomes revealed CYP1A2 as the major CYP for 4-MAA
N-demethylation and 4-FAA formation. CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 contributed to
N-demethylation but not to FAA formation. In the subsequent clinical
study, we investigated the influence of ciprofloxacin (strong CYP1A2
inhibitor), fluconazole (strong CYP2C19 inhibitor) and the combination
ciprofloxacin/fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of
metamizole in n=12 healthy volunteers in a randomized,
placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Both ciprofloxacin and
fluconazole inhibited the metabolism of 4-MAA, confirming the in vitro
results. Ciprofloxacin, fluconazole and ciprofloxacin/fluconazole
increased the AUC0-12h of 4-MAA by 51%, 17% and 92%, respectively.
Ciprofloxacin, fluconazole and ciprofloxacin/fluconazole decreased the
AUC0-12h of 4-AA by 27%, 12% and 24%, respectively, and of 4-FAA by
33%, 9% and 51%, respectively. Ciprofloxacin, fluconazole and
ciprofloxacin/fluconazole increased the half-life of 4-MAA from 3.22 h
(placebo) to 3.91, 3.69 and 6.07 h, respectively. Conclusion: CYP1A2 is
the major CYP for the conversion of 4-MAA to 4-AA and 4-FAA. CYP1A2
inhibition increases the 4-MAA exposure by a factor of approximately
1.5, which could be relevant for dose-dependent adverse reactions.
Novel auto-induction expression systems with high expression strength and wide induction initiation in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: xu kuidong , Tong Yi , Li Yi , Tao Jin , Rao sheng , Li Jianghua , Zhou Jingwen , Liu Song
Published: July 2021

The low expression strength and fixed induction initiation have always
been the main obstacle for applying the bacterial quorum sensing (QS)
system to protein production. As a typical QS system in Bacillus
subtilis, ComQXPA activates the promoter PsrfA using ComX and ComA as
the auto-inducer and promoter activator, respectively. This study
developed a series of novel auto-induction expression systems in B.
subtilis WB600 based on ComQXPA using super-folder green fluorescent
protein as the reporter. First, the -35 region of PsrfA was replaced by
the corresponding conserved sequence of σA-dependent promoters, yielding
P1 with an 85% enhanced expression strength. Second, by conducting a
semi-rational design within the spacer between -35 and -15 regions of in
P1, we generated the ComQXPA promoter PS1E, the expression strength of
which is 8.22-fold higher than that of PsrfA. Based on PS1E, we finally
obtained three types of auto-induction expression systems with the
induction initiations ranging from 1.5 h to 9.5 h by optimizing the
combination of the promoters for ComX and ComA. By using the
auto-induction expression systems, the yield of Bacillus deramificans
pullulanase in B. subtilis reached 80.2 U/mL, 0.36-fold higher than the
strongest constitutive promoter P566. With the diversity in dynamic
features, the novel auto-induction expression systems provide great
potential for improving protein expression and metabolite production in
B. subtilis.
CEO Sports Hobby and Firms' Tax Aggressiveness
Authors: Luo Shuqing , Shevlin Terry , Shi Lirong , Shih Aimee
Published: July 2021

Recent accounting research suggests that individual executives play a significant role in shaping a firm's tax planning. Building on psychology research that finds sports interests reflect an individual's risk-taking preferences, we develop a novel measure of innate and non-pecuniary CEO risk attitudes based on the riskiness of CEOs' sports hobbies and examine whether the measure is associated with corporate tax aggressiveness. We find that firms managed by CEOs with riskier sports hobbies are more aggressive in their tax planning. This association is more pronounced for CEOs with greater financial incentives and greater power in making decisions. Our results are robust to using alternative measures of CEO sports risks, and after accounting for the self-selection of the disclosure of CEO sports hobbies.

Data Availability: Public sources cited in the paper.

JEL Classifications: H26; M41; G41; G34.
Industry-Specific Knowledge Transfer in Audit Firms: Evidence from Audit Firm Mergers in China
Authors: He Xianjie , Kothari S. P. , Xiao Tusheng , Zuo Luo
Published: July 2021

Using a difference-in-differences approach, we examine the effect of industry-specific knowledge transfer on audit performance after a merger of two Chinese audit firms with different levels of expertise in an industry. For clients in an industry audited by both merging audit firms, those audited by the audit firm less specialized in that industry belong to the treatment group, while all other clients belong to the control group. We find an economically significant improvement in audit quality (as reflected in a reduction in financial misstatements) for the treatment group relative to the control group in the same merged audit firm. We show the treatment effect is not driven by changes in auditor incentives or personnel movement and is more pronounced when we expect stronger communication between the less and more specialized auditors after the merger. We caution that our findings are specific to China and may not generalize to other countries.

Data Availability: Data used in this study are available from public sources identified in the text.

JEL Classifications: M42.
Read Aloud Video Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Daring pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di TK Aisyiyah Sidoharjo - Wonogiri
Authors: Fuada Syifaul , Marhamah Marhamah
Published: July 2021

Besides writing skill, reading skill is one of the students' basic competencies at the kindergarten level. During online learning, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, teachers should to create the right learning media; thus, the students still have this competency with the assistance of parents at home. However, based on observations, teachers at Aisyiyah Kindergarten apply a monotonous learning mechanism for all materials, including students' reading mastery competence, which was limited to assignments in WhatsApp messenger in a virtual class and no home visit activities due to unsupportive circumstances. This education-based community service aims to help teachers provide learning media for reading topics through read-aloud videos uploaded by Youtube. In this video, we told the contents of the Fable genre book. The learning process was carried out by ourselves with the class teacher's permission in the WhatsApp group. The video link of Youtube was shared with ten parents in the WhatsApp Group, then students, accompanied by their parents, listened to the Read Aloud video. Ten students who successfully sent videos about retelling the story's contents in the WhatsApp group will be given a poster card as a reward. The results showed that students liked to read aloud videos, helped increase concentration and understanding of the book's contents (in this case, the stories in a read-aloud video), self-confidence, how to communicate verbally as well, and encouraged students' motivation in online learning. By using our read-aloud video, teachers can be helped to provide proper learning media to the children. Later, online learning at Aisyiyah Kindergarten can be more varied.
Penyuluhan Literasi Belajar Online Untuk Masyarakat Bersama Komunitas Pemuda Mandiri
Authors: Ihsan Muhammad Shohibul
Published: July 2021

Era disrupsi merupakan era tantangan yang dimanapun Negara pasti akan menghadapai hal tersebut. Di era ini, tantangan kompleks (seperti tantangan digital atau tantangan dalam bentuk komunikasi online). Dalam menggunakan teknologi informasi atau sejenisnya, tentu bukan sebuah halangan bagi kaum terdidik atau kaum terpelajar (apalagi bagi kaum mileniaal saat ini) untuk mereka bisa menghasilkan karya yang nyata. Urgensi kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah dimana masyarakat yang memiliki keterbatasan dalam memperoleh informasi dalam belajar serta terbatas dalam menggunakan HP atau gadget dalam mengelola dan mengolah informasi mampu memahami dan memiliki pengetahuan apa yang dinamakan dengan “simbiosis mutualisme”. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pelatihan dan pendampingan tentang literasi pembelajaran online kepada masyarakat secara umum, serta mendampingi masyarakat dengan intensif dan berkelanjutan bagaimana menggunakan media belajar dengan bijak agar belajar lebih efektif dan bermanfaat. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah tahap observasi, tahap penyusunan program, tahap sosialisasi dan tahap evaluasi. Dalam kegiatan ini diperoleh output atau luaran yakni sebagian besar peserta yang mengikuti pelatihan ini sangat komunikatif serta memberikan gambaran kepada tim pengabdi bahwa semangat peserta dalam mengikuti pengabdian sangat tinggi. Hal ini terbukti dengan aktifnya mitra pengabdian (komunitas pemuda) dalam membantu tim pengabdi dalam membimbing masyarakat melakukan literasi pembelajaran dengan tatap muka dan membimbing langsung pembelajar tersbeut melalui media yang telah disediakan (LCD proyektor).
O Rap é preto: narrativas e discursos que nos expressam
Authors: Santos Eliana Cristina Pereira , Santana Janaína de Jesus Lopes
Published: July 2021

Neste trabalho temos como objetivo analisar as narrativas poéticas que entrelaçam o fazer do rap, entendendo que esse faz parte dos três elementos que constitui o Movimento Hip Hop: o rap (música), break (dança) e o grafite / pichação (arte gráfica). Um movimento de expressões de especificidades estéticas musicais, poéticas, de protesto, entre outros ressaltando o que há de genuíno nas produções populares. Para esse trabalho, tomaremos como exemplo para essa análise o Rap: “O Rap É Preto” do MC Nego Max (2018), deste pontuando alguns aspectos linguísticos, sócio históricos e político que são retratados no conjunto da obra. Para essa análise valemo-nos de estudos da antropológicos, educacionais, linguísticos-discursivos. Ou seja, nesse aspecto, ressaltamos a narrativa e os discursos presentes nesse rap que retratam a experiência e escrevivência (Conceição Evaristo, 2014); do MC's (Mestre de Cerimônia); DJ's (Disc-Jóquei); BGIRLS e BBOYS (quem pratica o break). São esses os responsáveis por construir uma conexão entre suas realidades e o público que escuta/ sente, com suas letras que abordam o racismo velado e religioso, gênero e sexualidade, o papel da mulher negra na sociedade e as diversas formas de se entender educação, principalmente uma educação equitativa. Mesmo possuindo uma diversidade interna em suas formas de manifestação artística e política, o Movimento hip hop desde sua raiz vem desenvolvendo um papel de reivindicação política e social e é sobre esta forma de manifestação artístico-cultural que a pesquisa aqui apresentada direciona sua discussão.
narrativa-encruzilhada de Dona Jovita:
Authors: Silva Vera Lúcia da
Published: July 2021

O artigo em questão conduz a uma discussão sobre o papel insurgente das micronarrativas frente a uma história monumental e linear, de onde foram excluídas as histórias dos povos indígenas, como a dos Pataxó do território Comexatibá. Para materializar essa tarefa, será feita uma análise da narrativa de vida de Jovita Maria de Oliveira, anciã e pajé pataxó, abordando aspectos importantes sobre as multiplicidades presentes nesse contar, resultado de um longo histórico de relações interculturais necessárias ao processo de sobrevivência e resistência aos projetos de extermínio postos em prática por variados agentes, ou com o apoio ou com a conivência do Estado. Terá especial relevância no processo de análise, a capacidade dessa narrativa de congregar temporalidades distintas, ao passo que reúne passado e futuro em um presente atento e ativo, resultando disso a abertura para pensar a relação com os outros e o mundo sob outras racionalidades, que não a ocidental. Para isso, comparecerão como aporte teórico: Walter Benjamin (2012); Joel Candau (2018); Michel Foucault (2010); Leda Maria Martins (1997); Daniel Munduruku (2012), Jean Bazin (2008), Aníbal Quijano (2005), entre outras inspirações.
Ancestralidade africana na afrodiáspora:
Authors: Alves Adeir Ferreira , Filice Renísia Cristina Garcia
Published: July 2021

O presente texto tem como base a pesquisa de mestrado concluída em 2019, no Programa de Pós-graduação em Direitos Humanos e Cidadania, da Universidade de Brasília. Investigou-se sobre a organização social do quilombo Mesquita (Cidade Ocidental-GO), por meio da análise documental, de entrevistas narrativa, em reunião com a epistemologia hermenêutica de Gadamer (1999) intitulada “Horizonte de Compreensão”. Como alguns dos resultados identificamos que marcadores como raça, gênero, classe singularizam o território tendo como amálgama a ancestralidade e o trabalho coletivo, que se sobressaíram e por sua vez, se conectaram a aspectos de solidariedade, de cooperativismo e de colaborativismo. A dinâmica observada evidenciou a ancestralidade, entendida numa perspectiva histórica e filosófica, para a compreensão das questões de raça, de gênero e de classe, apontando no quilombo, como lugar de reunião, presente e passado, material e imaterial. Aspectos da cultura afrodiáspórica que entrelaçam como feixes de sentidos das expressões da ancestralidade, características inerentes à negritude; e no tensionamento com o colonialismo do poder.
Pela Língua dissidente e por Corpos dançantes:
Authors: Paiva Vanessa Nogueira , Santos Walkyria Chagas da Silva , Costa Célia Souza da
Published: July 2021

O trabalho visa apresentar um breve estudo acerca do encontro da cultura africana (principalmente Banto) com a brasileira e a influência da expressividade, corporalidade e a língua do Quilombo dos Carrapatos da cidade de Bom Despacho – MG. Assim, com o objetivo de traçar uma relação entre de(s)colonialidade e o processo de resistência cultural da comunidade por aproximadamente 304 anos em meio a escravidão e subalternização. Será discorrido como a língua e as festas regionais (principalmente o congado) se tornaram meios de efetivação de resistências dessas existências. A metodologia utilizada é qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso e bibliográfica. A partir desse ponto, verificar-se-á como a língua tem uma influência direta no processo de identidade dessa comunidade e como a desobediência linguística deve ser enxergada como manifestação social que contraria os preconceitos concebidos pela população de Bom Despacho.