bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the effectiveness of retrofitting water control structures with manatee protection systems to reduce mortality
Authors: Brightwell Kristin K. , Bassett Brandon L. , Mezich Ron , Schueller Paul , Valade James A. , Frohlich R. Kipp
Published: February 2025

Minimizing human‐related manatee mortality is a priority management action for Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) conservation and recovery. Manatees encounter navigational locks and water control structures along travel corridors, and fatal encounters can occur from crushing, impingement, or entrapment that subsequently result in drowning. Extensive mitigation efforts have been made to protect manatees. This study evaluates the effectiveness of manatee protection systems at navigational locks and water control structures using negative binomial regression models and Friedman's tests with pairwise comparisons from 1974–2020 mortality data. Mitigation effort was stratified into 4 groups ranging from no mitigation to fully mitigated. Regression models for 223 structure‐related manatee deaths showed the expected number of annual mortalities was ≤0.26 for all mitigation groups at each structure type. Friedman's tests indicated a difference in mortalities among mitigation efforts for navigational locks (χ22 = 10.75, P = 0.004) and water control structures (χ22 = 16.63, P ≤ 0.001). Mortalities at fully mitigated water control structures were lower than at partially mitigated structures in pairwise testing for both analyses; navigational lock mitigation efforts only differed in Wilcoxon rank sums tests. Combined results show that when current manatee protection systems are functional and protocols are followed, mortality is reduced. While these systems are a conservation achievement, continued re‐evaluation of mitigation efforts and investigation into new technologies are needed to ensure the continued reduction or elimination of structure‐related manatee mortalities.
Weather, habitat area, connectivity, and number of patches influence breeding ecology of ring‐necked pheasants
Authors: Harsh Sprih , Lonsinger Robert C. , Kauth Hilary R. , Gregory Andrew J.
Published: February 2025

Understanding habitat selection is critical in habitat prioritization for species of conservation and management concern. Information on habitat selection is particularly important for grassland bird species whose populations have suffered steep declines over the last few decades. We assessed ring‐necked pheasants' (Phasianus colchicus) habitat selection in a dynamic agricultural landscape. The population dynamics of pheasants are partially related to nest survival, which may be influenced by the quality of nesting habitat. Consequently, knowledge of vegetation composition and structural characteristics associated with the selection and survival of nests would help inform management decisions to improve nest success. We monitored nests from 103 radio‐collared pheasants inhabiting an agricultural landscape in South Dakota, USA, from 2017–2019 to determine the effect of landscape composition and configuration on nest‐site selection and nest survival. We explored nesting behavior at 2 orders of selection: resource selection within the home range (third order) and selection of specific resource items from a resource patch (fourth order). Proportion of row crop and connectivity of row crop was negatively associated with nest‐site selection at the third order. At the fourth order, pheasants tended to select for taller vegetation and greater percent grass cover than at paired random sites. Pheasants also selected areas with more grasslands. A 1% increase in grass cover and proportion of grassland increased the odds of nest‐site selection by 1% and 2%, respectively. Connectivity of row crop patches was negatively associated with daily nest survival. We also evaluated factors affecting pheasant brood‐site selection. A 1‐unit increase in grass cover and Hemiptera biomass increased the odds of brood‐site selection by 4%. The probability of brood‐site selection also increased with fewer row crop patches. Weather played a crucial role in driving nest survival. The consideration of local weather trends and regional variation in habitat can inform habitat management for pheasants. Pheasant populations may benefit from research that identifies thermal landscapes and land management techniques that promote cooler microclimates for nesting and brood‐rearing activities.
Magnetic resonance imaging provides additional utility in the preoperative cartilage assessment of patients undergoing medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Authors: Tay Mei Lin , Bolam Scott M. , Campbell Tyler , Hill Laura , Lin Lydia , Wong Hayley , Dow David , Munro Jacob T. , Young Simon W. , Monk A. Paul
Published: February 2025

Purpose

For unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), patient selection using correct indications can optimise postsurgical outcomes. The current gold standard for assessing eligibility is with radiographs; however, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may allow for more accurate assessments of cartilage damage. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of MRI for preoperative assessment of medial UKA patients by (1) comparing osteoarthritis severity of the medial, lateral and patellofemoral (PF) compartments when assessed using MRI compared with standard radiographs, and (2) investigating associations of these two assessments with postoperative clinical outcomes.

Methods

This study had ethical approval. A retrospective review was performed for 88 primary medial UKA between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2021. The main outcome measures were preoperative cartilage loss and patient‐reported clinical outcomes. Preoperative cartilage loss was recorded using the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) classification using MRI, and Kellgren–Lawrence (K–L) scores from radiographs. Patient‐reported clinical outcomes were measured using preop, early (6‐week) and late (1‐ or 2‐year) Oxford Knee Score (OKS) change scores.

Results

The use of MRI has improved accuracy over radiographs. In the medial compartment, 37 (44%) patients had less severe radiographic K–L scores (1–3); however, all patients had the most severe MRI ICRS scores (4). For patients with mild K–L scores (0 and 1), 20 (43%) and 7 (78%) patients had more severe ICRS scores (3 and 4) within their lateral and PF compartments, respectively. No associations were found between ICRS or K–L scores and OKS for any compartments.

Conclusions

Assessment of medial cartilage thickness loss using MRI provides additional utility over standard radiographs in preoperative assessments of medial UKA patients. However, evidence of disease in the PF compartment assessed using MRI should not be considered a contraindication for UKA.

Level of Evidence

Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Quality Indicators to Subsidize Soil Conservation Under Pasture in Brazil
Authors: da Costa Adriana Monteiro , Fernandes Luís Filipe Sanches , Pacheco Fernando António Leal , Valera Carlos Alberto
Published: February 2025

The management of cultivated areas has been the subject of scientific and political debate because of its adverse effects on soil health and associated ecosystem services. A route to bring degraded cultivated areas back to sustainable production systems includes implementing adequate management practices and, in parallel, monitor their results. Monitoring must be based on the periodical evaluation of soil quality indicators. The selection of indicators is, however, a challenge, because suited indicators must be simultaneously rigorous and practical to assess in the field. Thus, the aim and novelty of this study was to summarize soil quality indicators dispersed in the scientific literature, and propose an assortment of those capable of being used in soil conservation policies and management plans considering the aforementioned requisites. To our best knowledge, this kind of exhaustive summary with focus on policy and management is lacking. To accomplish the proposed goal, a systematic literature review was carried out using the Scopus database. The selection of articles followed the guidelines of PRISMA methodology (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses). The results revealed that, indicators such as organic carbon, soil structure assessments, and erosion monitoring are practical for public policy due to their cost‐effectiveness and ease of field application. Besides, they are suited for evaluation through technologies like remote sensing and portable sensors. Additional results from the review exposed that the current understanding of soil quality across the various Brazilian biomes is limited by geographic and methodological biases in the existing studies, and that it is essential to invest in infrastructure, methodological standardization and stakeholder training to fill in those gaps. Finally, the present review emphasized the need to conduct future studies based on interdisciplinary collaboration, as measure to reach a common language a view over how to assess and use indicators as proxies of soil quality and health, and ultimately to promote sustainable land use and soil conservation in Brazil.
A Quantitative Comparison of Conventional and Conservation Tillage of Diverse Agro‐Ecologies
Authors: Nath C. P. , Das T. K. , Sen Suman , Duary B. , Ghosh Sourav , Ghosh P. K. , Sharma A. R. , Datta Debarati , Nalia Arpita , Kumar Narendra , Singh Raghavendra , Bhattacharyya Ranjan , Singh Ravi Gopal , Hazra K. K. , Pathak Himanshu
Published: February 2025

A detailed insight on global yield change of crops, soil quality parameters, and water‐nutrient‐energy nexus and biotic factors under conservation tillage (CT) in comparison to conventional tillage (CONT) is limited. We summarized the impacts of CT on yields, profitability, soil quality, and ecosystem sustainability in comparison to CONT. Globally, average yields of crops increased by 3.7% (p < 0.05) with adoption of CT (> 3 years) compared to CONT. The CT has led to a significant improvement in crop productivity in North America (+6.2%) and Australia/Oceania (+21.4%) over CONT. Similarly, positive changes in yields with CT, although nonsignificant, were noted in Asia, South America, Europe, and Africa. The CT significantly increased the yields (+4.0%) of cereal crops. Among the crops, yield increase under CT was the highest for sorghum (110.1%) and lowest for soybean (1.3%). Adoption of CT for > 10 years (11–20 years) could increase yields of crops up to 6%–18%. Notably, CT resulted in improved soil aggregation with greater proportion of macroaggregates (+40%), soil organic carbon (+19.1%), and microbial biomass carbon (+44%) across diverse ecologies over CONT. Despite higher emissions of nitrous oxide, the net global warming potential was consistently lower in CT‐based systems than CONT. The CT could result in 25% increase in mean grain yield of crops with 22% higher net returns and 27% energy saving across regions than CONT. The CA can reduce soil bulk density (by 6.2%), increase aggregate stability (by 30%), and enhance infiltration rate (by 53%) as compared with CONT over a large agro‐ecologies.
A Century of Otorhinolaryngology at Yonsei University College of Medicine and Engagement With US Missionaries
Authors: Moon In Seok , Rha Min‐Seok , Yeo In‐Sok , Kim Chang‐Hoon
Published: February 2025

Objective

To provide a historical overview of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at Yonsei University College of Medicine and highlight its contributions to the development of otorhinolaryngology in Korea.

Data Sources

Historical records of the Dongeun Medical Museum, Yonsei University College of Medicine, and related publications.

Review Methods

Historical review.

Results

Gwanghyewon, the first modern hospital established by American missionaries in Korea, later became the Severance Hospital (named after American philanthropist Louis Severance) and Yonsei University College of Medicine. The Department of Otorhinolaryngology at Yonsei University and Severance Hospital was established in 1908. Currently, the department has 24 professors and 6 clinical fellows specializing in otology, rhinology, and laryngology‐head and neck surgery.

Conclusion

In the past 116 years, Yonsei Otorhinolaryngology has been devoted to the great clinical and academic development of otorhinolaryngology in Korea. The next century of Yonsei Otorhinolaryngology will build on the progress made in its legacy.

Level of Evidence

N/A.
A Novel Hybrid Solution for Hearing Impairments
Authors: Alshehri Hassan , Yousef Medhat , Ibrahim Anas , Abdelsamad Yassin , Alzhrani Farid
Published: February 2025

Objective

Conventional hearing aids (HAs) and bone conduction devices have limitations in providing clear and audible sound in some cases and situations. The clinicians' primary purpose is to enhance audibility and intelligibility in hearing, offering a solution for users dissatisfied with current hearing technologies. This study proposes a novel hybrid system and investigates its performance compared to HAs.

Methods

This pilot study compares the performance of a novel hybrid system with traditional HAs. Ten HA users underwent a prospective intra‐subject study at a tertiary hearing center. Audiological tests measured unaided and aided thresholds across specific frequencies in two conditions (HAs and Hybrid system). Furthermore, subjective outcomes were assessed via a questionnaire on the perceptual consequences.

Results

The patient's mean age was 36 years. The mean PTA4 values were 63.75, 40.74‐, and 37.88‐dB HL in the unaided, HA‐aided, and Hybrid‐aided groups, respectively. The speech reception thresholds varied significantly between the unaided and (i) aided using HA (p = 0.0009) and (ii) aided using the Hybrid solution (p = 0.0001). There is no significant variation between HA and Hybrid solutions (p < 0.4195). The mean SDS at 65 dB using the HA and Hybrid solution was 87% and 90%, respectively.

Conclusion

The proposed Hybrid system, combining conventional air‐conduction HAs with bone‐conduction devices, offers promising improvements in sound quality and user satisfaction. Further studies are essential to fully understand the Hybrid system's capabilities and evaluate its ability to avoid the dissatisfaction that could result from HA in some instances.

Level of Evidence

Prospective cohort study (Level 3).
A Novel Effect of Allium tuncelianum Extract: Topical Application Improves Wound Healing in a Nasal Septal Perforation Rat Model
Authors: Çakan Doğan , Çakan Zeliha Kübra , Yılmaz Gülderen , Yeung David , Ekşi Bona Gülnur
Published: February 2025

Objective

The objective of the current study was to investigate the influence of Allium tuncelianum (AT) extract on wound healing in a nasal septum perforation (NSP) model.

Methods

Twenty‐two healthy male Sprague–Dawley rats were included in this study and separated into two groups. A standardized NSP was created in each subject. A 0.09% saline (control group) and the 25% AT solution (study group) were delivered intranasally daily for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, the subjects were sacrificed and the septa were excised for histopathological investigation. The macroscopic closure rate of NSP, intranasal pH, counts of acute inflammatory cells, eosinophil, fibroblast, and giant cell, epithelial regeneration and degeneration, vascularization, granulation formation, collagen density, cartilage regeneration, and degeneration were examined. The obtained data were analyzed statistically.

Results

The macroscopic closure rate (p = 0.006), the fibroblast number (p = 0.003), vascularization (p = 0.003), collagen density (p = 0.044), and granulation tissue amount (p = 0.022) were found to be significantly higher in AT group. However, the acute inflammatory cells count was significantly lower in AT group (p = 0.031) (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The topically delivered AT extract may improve wound healing in an experimental NSP model. Consequently, the local application of AT might be promising to prevent the formation of NSP.
The Pattern and Stages of Atrophy in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2: Volumetrics from ENIGMA‐Ataxia
Authors: Robertson Jason W. , Adanyeguh Isaac , Bender Benjamin , Boesch Sylvia , Brunetti Arturo , Cocozza Sirio , Coutinho Léo , Deistung Andreas , Diciotti Stefano , Dogan Imis , Durr Alexandra , Fernandez‐Ruiz Juan , Göricke Sophia L. , Grisoli Marina , Han Shuo , Mariotti Caterina , Marzi Chiara , Mascalchi Mario , Mochel Fanny , Nachbauer Wolfgang , Nanetti Lorenzo , Nigri Anna , Ono Sergio E. , Onyike Chiadi U. , Prince Jerry L. , Reetz Kathrin , Romanzetti Sandro , Saccà Francesco , Synofzik Matthis , Teive Hélio A. Ghizoni , Thomopoulos Sophia I. , Thompson Paul M. , Timmann Dagmar , Ying Sarah H. , Harding Ian H. , Hernandez‐Castillo Carlos R.
Published: February 2025

Background

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is a rare, inherited neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive deterioration in both motor coordination and cognitive function. Atrophy of the cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord are core features of SCA2; however, the evolution and pattern of whole‐brain atrophy in SCA2 remain unclear.

Objective

We undertook a multisite, structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study to comprehensively characterize the neurodegeneration profile of SCA2.

Methods

Voxel‐based morphometry analyses of 110 participants with SCA2 and 128 controls were undertaken to assess groupwise differences in whole‐brain volume. Correlations with clinical severity and genotype, and cross‐sectional profiling of atrophy patterns at different disease stages, were also performed.

Results

Atrophy in SCA2 versus controls was greatest (Cohen's d >2.5) in the cerebellar white matter (WM), middle cerebellar peduncle, pons, and corticospinal tract. Very large effects (d >1.5) were also evident in the superior cerebellar, inferior cerebellar, and cerebral peduncles. In the cerebellar gray matter (GM), large effects (d >0.8) were observed in areas related to both motor coordination and cognitive tasks. Strong correlations (|r| > 0.4) between volume and disease severity largely mirrored these groupwise outcomes. Stratification by disease severity exhibited a degeneration pattern beginning in the cerebellar and pontine WM in preclinical subjects; spreading to the cerebellar GM and cerebro‐cerebellar/corticospinal WM tracts; and then finally involving the thalamus, striatum, and cortex in severe stages.

Conclusion

The magnitude and pattern of brain atrophy evolve over the course of SCA2, with widespread, nonuniform involvement across the brainstem, cerebellar tracts, and cerebellar cortex; and late involvement of the cerebral cortex and striatum. © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Social determinants of health important in suicide prevention
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: February 2025

Identifying key social determinants of health (SDOH) in suicide risk is critical for informing clinical practices, future research, and policy solutions to prevent suicide, say the authors of a new study examining the associations of SDOH with suicide‐related outcomes.
Mittag‐Leffler Functions as Eigenfunctions of the Hilbert Transform
Authors: Abdelhakim Ahmed A.
Published: February 2025

Let and , and fix . We show that is an eigenfunction of the Hilbert transform on , provided that . We also prove that is an eigenfunction of the Hilbert transform for any . The corresponding eigenvalues are computed explicitly.
Ashitaba Chalcone 4‐Hydroxydericcin Promotes Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 Secretion and Prevents Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Mice
Authors: Odongo Kevin , Ishinaka Moe , Abe Ayane , Harada Naoki , Yamaji Ryoichi , Yamashita Yoko , Ashida Hitoshi
Published: February 2025

Certain polyphenols improve glucose tolerance by stimulating glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) secretion from intestinal L‐cells. Ashitaba chalcones, 4‐hydroxyderricin (4‐HD), and xanthoangelol (XAG) have antihyperglycemic effects, but their molecular mechanism, including whether they promote GLP‐1 secretion is unknown. This study investigates the 4‐HD‐induced GLP‐1 secretory mechanisms and its anti‐hyperglycemic effects. The secretory mechanisms were examined in STC‐1 cells and antihyperglycemic effects in male ICR mice. In STC‐1 cells, 4‐HD, but not XAG, stimulated GLP‐1 secretion through membrane depolarization and intracellular Ca2+ increase [Ca2+]i, via the L‐type Ca2+ channel (VGCC). Verapamil and nifedipine, blockers of VGCC, and treatment in Ca2+‐free buffer abolished 4‐HD effects on [Ca2+]i and GLP‐1 secretion. Moreover, 4‐HD activated CaMKII and ERK1/2. Consistently, oral 4‐HD suppressed postprandial hyperglycemia in mice and increased plasma GLP‐1 and insulin levels, GLUT4 translocation, and activation of LKB‐1 and Akt pathways in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, exendin 9–39, a GLP‐1R antagonist, and compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, completely canceled the 4‐HD‐caused anti‐hyperglycemic activities.

4‐HD stimulated GLP‐1 secretion through membrane depolarization coupled with [Ca2+]i increase via VGCC in L‐cells and activated AMPK‐ and insulin‐induced GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle. Thus, 4‐HD possesses dual mechanisms for the prevention of hyperglycemia.
Comparison of Two Questionnaires for Sleep‐Related Symptoms in Pediatric and Adult Patients With Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1
Authors: D'Ambrosio Eleonora Silvana , Rose Megan , Chagat Shannon , Paul Grace R. , Waldrop Megan A.
Published: February 2025

Introduction/Aims

Sleep‐related symptoms in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) are often unrecognized. This study aimed to integrate two sleep questionnaires into an outpatient clinic for assessing sleep disturbances in DM1 patients, while also developing a pediatric version of one questionnaire.

Methods

We administered two sleep questionnaires to adult and pediatric patients with DM1: (1) the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), which assesses the likelihood of falling asleep under specific circumstances; and (2) the Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire‐10 (FOSQ‐10), which evaluates the impact of daytime sleepiness on activities of daily living. We also developed a pediatric version of the adult FOSQ‐10 and compared it to the pediatric ESS.

Results

Among 28 DM1 patients, 27 completed the questionnaires. More than half (15 of 26, eight children and seven adults) had abnormal scores on either or both questionnaires. FOSQ‐10 scores tended to be more abnormal than ESS scores in pediatric patients. No significant correlations were found between questionnaire scores and CTG repeats, intellectual disability, age, or inheritance pattern. The pediatric FOSQ‐10 questionnaire showed a strong correlation with the pediatric ESS correlation coefficient −0.79 (p = 0.002).

Discussion

The integration of the ESS and the FOSQ‐10 allowed for a more comprehensive assessment of fatigue, a well‐documented symptom in DM1 and one that the ESS alone might not fully capture. Our findings highlight the importance of incorporating multiple tools to assess sleep‐related symptoms in DM1 patients.
Utilization of Catla catla Fish Scale for Eliminating Cr (III) and Co (II) Heavy Metals From Wastewater
Authors: Sultana Samiha , Maliat Nafisa , Khan Fahim , Paul Ankur , Tasnim Rukaiya , Jahan Nusrat
Published: February 2025

This comprehensive research focuses on the prospective use of Catla catla fish scales as a bioadsorbent for removing heavy metals, particularly Cr (III) and Co (II), from wastewater and determining which metal ion is more likely to be removed efficiently. The study incorporates a rigorous methodology, wherein fish scales were obtained, cleaned, and prepared, including both acid‐treated and untreated variants. A range of salt solutions with varying concentrations of metal ions are utilized to evaluate adsorption efficiency, and the impact of factors like initial metal ion concentration, chemical treatment of adsorbent, and contact time are systematically examined using UV‐Vis spectrophotometry. It was found that the starting concentration of metal ions influenced the adsorption efficiency, with higher concentrations leading to a reduced adsorption capacity. The contact time also affected the adsorption efficiency, with longer durations resulting in increased metal removal until reaching equilibrium. Acid‐treated fish scales showed superior adsorption performance compared to the untreated ones. Characterization of the adsorbent is performed using advanced analytical techniques, including Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), revealing changes in structural and chemical properties post‐metal adsorption. The adsorption equilibrium data are mapped to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, with Langmuir being more suitable for cobalt adsorption and Freundlich for chromium adsorption. This research highlights the economical and long‐term potential of Catla catla fish scales as a natural biosorbent, thereby significantly contributing to the domains of water purification and heavy metal pollution extenuation.
Predicting Mesoscopic Larmor Frequency Shifts in White Matter With Diffusion MRI—A Monte Carlo Study in Axonal Phantoms
Authors: Sandgaard Anders Dyhr , Jespersen Sune Nørhøj
Published: February 2025

Magnetic susceptibility MRI offers potential insights into the chemical composition and microstructural organization of tissue. However, estimating magnetic susceptibility in white matter is challenging due to anisotropic subvoxel Larmor frequency shifts caused by axonal microstructure relative to the B0 field orientation. Recent biophysical models have analytically described how axonal microstructure influences the Larmor frequency shifts, relating these shifts to a mesoscopically averaged magnetic field that depends on the axons' fiber orientation distribution function (fODF), typically estimated using diffusion MRI. This study is aimed at validating the use of MRI to estimate mesoscopic magnetic fields and determining whether diffusion MRI can faithfully estimate the orientation dependence of the Larmor frequency shift in realistic axonal microstructure. To achieve this, we developed a framework for performing Monte Carlo simulations of MRI signals in mesoscopically sized white matter axon substrates segmented with electron microscopy. Our simulations demonstrated that with careful experimental design, it is feasible to estimate mesoscopic magnetic fields. Additionally, the fODF estimated by the standard model of diffusion in white matter could predict the orientation dependence of the mesoscopic Larmor frequency shift. We also found that incorporating the intra‐axonal axial kurtosis into the standard model could explain a significant amount of signal variance, thereby improving the estimation of the Larmor frequency shift. This factor should not be neglected when fitting the standard model.
Feasibility of a UTE Stack‐of‐Spirals Sequence for Biexponential T1ρ Mapping of Whole Knee Joint
Authors: de Moura Hector L. , Keerthivasan Mahesh B. , Zibetti Marcelo V. W. , Su Pan , Alaia Michael J. , Regatte Ravinder
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel magnetization‐prepared, ultra‐short echo time (UTE)‐capable, stack‐of‐spirals sequence (STFL) to quantify monoexponential and biexponential T1ρ maps of the whole knee joint, addressing limitations of existing MRI techniques in assessing bone‐patellar tendon‐bone (BPTB) donor site healing and graft remodeling after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR). Experiments were performed with agar‐gel model phantoms, seven healthy volunteers (four males, average age 31.4 years old), and five ACLR patients (three males, average age 28.2 years old). Compared with a conventional Cartesian turbo fast low angle shot (CTFL) sequence, the STFL sequence demonstrated an improved signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), increasing from 16.5 for CTFL to 21.7 for STFL. In ACLR patients, the STFL sequence accurately detected increased fractions of short T1ρ components within the ACL graft, rising from 0.15 to 0.38, compared with 0.11 to 0.18 with CTFL. Furthermore, the STFL sequence revealed significant decreases in the fraction of short T1ρ components in the patellar tendon of ACLR patients (from 0.6 to 0.47) compared with healthy controls, whereas no significant changes were observed with the CTFL sequence. These findings suggest that the STFL sequence holds promise for noninvasive assessment of BPTB donor site healing and graft maturation following ACLR.
Using Machine Learning to Understand and Manage the Transformation of Peer Donors to Organizational Donors
Authors: Hesse Laura
Published: February 2025

Peer‐to‐peer fundraising has become a popular funding approach for nonprofit organizations, generating quick revenue and a promising opportunity for donor base expansion by transforming peer donors into organizational donors following their peer donation. This study uses survey data from 706 participants to examine peer donors' transformation likelihood and its determining factors. Additionally, it evaluates the capacity of machine learning to predict which peer donors are most likely to transform. The results reveal that, among peer donors who lack prior affiliation with the nonprofit organization, the transformation likelihood is 14.1%, indicating a transformation rate of approximately one in seven peer donors. Regarding the determining factors, post‐donation communication with peer donors after their initial donation increased the odds of transformation threefold, while established nonprofit‐related factors, such as trust in the organization, exhibit no influence. Moreover, applying the random forest approach allowed for the prediction of the transformation with an accuracy of 79% slightly outperforming logistic regression. This study assists in identifying the donors most likely to transform, enabling fundraising managers to allocate efforts effectively and maximize fundraising success.
Motivational Interviewing (MI) in Obesity Care: Cultivating Person‐Centered and Supportive Clinical Conversations to Reduce Stigma: A Narrative Review
Authors: Moizé Violeta , Graham Yitka , Salas Ximena Ramos , Balcells Mercè
Published: February 2025

Background

Patients perceive high levels of weight prejudice, stigma, and discrimination within health systems, affecting their ability to manage their obesity and related chronic conditions. Scientific and patient obesity associations worldwide have prioritized the reduction of weight stigma to improve patient experiences in health systems and overall health outcomes. Since a significant proportion of the population is now living with multiple chronic diseases related to obesity, healthcare systems must shift toward multi‐disease management frameworks incorporating person‐centered and non‐stigmatizing clinical conversations. Motivational Interviewing (MI) has the potential to transform clinical interactions by using non‐stigmatizing language, communication, and practices. Studies using MI in obesity management have solely focused on weight loss outcomes, while other patient experience related outcomes would also be relevant to evaluate.

Methods

A narrative review was undertaken to critically analyze the potential impact of MI on obesity and chronic disease management practices and experiences.

Findings

An analysis and contextualization of the MI theoretical framework for obesity management, based on the philosophy of motivational spirit, was reviewed, assessing micro skills or strategies.

Conclusion

MI may assist healthcare professionals conduct non‐stigmatizing clinical conversations in accordance with basic principles of collaborative therapeutic alliances. A proposal for research considerations that can help illuminate the potential for of MI in obesity management is also outlined.
Understanding contingency in wolf‐mediated livestock predation across a mosaic of land uses: An agent‐based modelling approach
Authors: Hawkinson Vivian F. , Schmitz Oswald J. , Ferraro Kristy M.
Published: February 2025

The return of grey wolves to multi‐use landscapes in North America and Europe raises concerns over accompanying risks of livestock predation. While local‐level risk factors have received attention, it is difficult to explore the role that landscape‐scale variables, such as landscape connectivity, play in driving livestock losses. Furthermore, it is unclear how changes in landscape structure might interact with livestock management practices. As wolf populations continue to grow, it is critical to understand how management of both land and livestock might be approached to reduce instances of livestock loss.

We developed a spatially explicit, agent‐based model designed to emulate hunting by a wolf pack within an agricultural‐wildland landscape matrix. We investigated the effects of three different livestock grazing practices—free‐roaming, pasture‐limited and seasonal grazing—on interactions between livestock, wolves and wild ungulates. For each grazing practice, we explored how varying connectivity and availability of managed wildlands affected these interactions.

Livestock predation rates were influenced by the size of wildlands and the degree to which these parcels were connected: increased wildland availability and connectivity led to reduced livestock losses, primarily due to greater wolf access to wild ungulates. Trends in livestock losses in relation to herd management and landscape composition were consistent and predictable on highly connected landscapes but broke down on landscapes experiencing a high degree of fragmentation.

The different grazing practices employed in our model had minimal impact on overall levels of livestock loss, but did shape where livestock predation occurred. In particular, most livestock deaths occurring under the seasonal grazing treatment occurred on wildlands, indicating the heightened risk involved in seasonal use of these spaces.

Synthesis and applications: Reducing risks of livestock predation on multi‐use landscapes is crucial to the economic persistence of livestock producers and continued grey wolf recovery across Europe and North America. Our analysis shows that livestock loss to wolf predation is influenced more by the size and connectivity of wildland habitat than by grazing practice, suggesting that landscape restoration and preservation may benefit livestock producers and recovering large predator populations alike by ensuring continued access to wild prey.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Rheological and Structural Properties of k‐Carrageenan/Xanthan Gum Gummies Architected With a New Natural Additive
Authors: Valencia German Ayala , Moraes Izabel Cristina Freitas , Leandro Gabriel Coelho , Hilliou Loic
Published: February 2025

Biohybrids (BHs)based on bentonite and anthocyanins can be produced as alternatives to synthetic colorants. However, no information is available on the interaction of biohybrid with food system. This research studies the rheological properties of gummies containing k‐carrageenan and xanthan gum incorporated with a BH. The incorporation of BH (≤ 2% w/w) increased the flow consistency index and shear thinning effect in melted gummies at 85°C. During cooling from 90°C to 25°C, the presence of BH altered the sol–gel transition temperature typical in carrageenan systems, probably by the formation of carrageenan complexes. At 25°C, all gummies had a solid‐like response with elastic modulus (G') higher than viscous modulus (G"). G' values increased linearly with BH concentration, and the linear viscoelastic region and breaking strain decreased with BH concentration, indicating that this natural additive acted as a reinforcing material.
Tailoring the polyvinylidene fluoride phase structure in high permittivity MXene/polyvinylidene fluoride composite films via supercooling of the polymer melt
Authors: Nie Lirong , Fu Pengkun , Cai Kai , Deng Pingye , Bai Yang , Cai Chaochao , He Xiang , Song Huiqiao , Guo Dong
Published: February 2025

In this study, we report a distinct phase tailorable solution cast polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)‐based composite films with transition metal carbides and nitride (MXene) fillers achieved by supercooling of the PVDF melt and their dielectric energy storage performance. An unusual thermal treatment temperature higher than the widely used Tm was used to realize supercooling. Phase structure analysis by using attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that a small amount of added MXene induced a considerable fraction (76%) of β‐phase PVDF and a 10‐fold increase in dielectric permittivity (100 Hz) due to filler induced crystallization and super confinement effect when a processing temperature around melting temperature (Tm) is used. Surprisingly, although chain packing and crystallization of the macromolecules occur below Tm, a higher processing temperature even induced a double polar (β + γ) phase PVDF as a consequence of supercooling and increased crystallization rate. Interestingly, a nonpolar α phase dominant structure was formed again when the processing temperature was 190°C. These findings indicate that the moderate fast crystallization facilitates the polar phase formation, which may be attributed to their higher intermolecular dipole interaction within the geometry confined by the 2D fillers. The results imply a simple way to tailor PVDF phase structure, offering insights into polymer polymorph formation.

Highlights

A phase tailorable PVDF‐based composite film with MXene fillers was fabricated.

Phase structure of MXene/PVDF film was analyzed via ATR‐IR, XRD, and DSC.

MXene induced an increase in dielectric permittivity and high β‐phase in PVDF.

Thermal treatment at various temperatures tailored the phase structure of PVDF.
Recovery of silica from aluminum sulfate byproduct and its application as filler for rubber industry
Authors: Ashetu Tujuba Tamiru , Tiruneh Sintayehu Nibret
Published: February 2025

Resource recovery from byproducts of chemical manufacturing is essential for environmental sustainability promoting circular economy. In this study, amorphous precipitated silica, filter cake silica (FCS), from filter cake byproduct of Awash Melkassa Chemical Factory is prepared, and its potential as a rubber filler in the tire industry is explored. The filter cake byproduct is calcinated at 550 °C for 3 h, followed by extraction of FCS using acid leaching followed by sol–gel process. AAS, XRD, XRF, FTIR, SEM, and BET are employed to characterize the phase composition, chemical structure, morphology, and surface area of the prepared silica. Silica, FCS, with a purity of 92.5% is achieved and the curing and mechanical properties of unfilled, FCS‐filled, and commercial silica (COS)‐filled rubbers are analyzed. The FCS‐filled compound exhibits shorter curing time of 229 s and lower Mooney viscosity of 58.15 ± 0.42 M.U compared to the COS‐filled rubber compound. In addition, superior mechanical properties such as tensile strength of 19.52 ± 1.28 MPa was exhibited by the FCS‐filled rubber compound due to the finer particle size and high surface area of the filter cake silica compared to the COS filled rubber compound (17.94 ± 1.99 MPa) as well as the unfilled rubber. Therefore, recovery of silica from the byproduct filter cake offers a promising role as filler in the tire industry in addition to serving as a potential waste management solution for Awash Melkassa Chemical Factory and related industries.
Weltweite Vernetzung der Quantentechnologien: Quantenkommunikation via Satellit
Authors: Bongs Kai , Fuchs Christian , Laiho Kaisa , Moll Florian , Wölk Sabine , Zimmermann Matthias
Published: February 2025

Die Quantenschlüsselverteilung ist eine der fortschrittlichsten Quantentechnologien. Entsprechende Komponenten sind kommerziell erhältlich. Ihr Einsatz auf Satelliten und in vielen Demonstrationsnetzen wird weltweit erprobt. Allerdings benötigen die bisher meist verwendeten Verfahren „vertrauenswürdige“ Zwischenstationen, etwa Satelliten. Weltweit arbeiten viele Forschungsgruppen daran, Verfahren mit globaler Reichweite zu entwickeln, die ohne diese speziellen und möglicherweise kompromittierbaren Zwischenstationen auskommen. Eine vielversprechende Lösung sind verschränkungsbasierte Quantennetzwerke via Satellit. Diese ermöglichen zudem die perspektivische Vernetzung von Quantentechnologien wie Quantencomputer, Quantenuhren und Quantensensoren. Das bietet ganz neue Funktionalitäten. Allerdings erfordern viele dieser Konzepte Quantenspeicher an Bord der Satelliten, die als Quantenrepeater fungieren.
False Identification of (Anti)aromaticity in Polycyclic Molecules in Ground and Excited States Through Incorrect Use of NICS
Authors: Mayer Péter J. , Ottosson Henrik
Published: February 2025

Aromaticity is a key concept in physical organic chemistry. However, as it cannot be measured directly, it is assessed indirectly via other properties (energetic, electronic, geometric and magnetic). Although these properties describe aromaticity, they are not solely related to aromaticity as the observed values also can stem from, for example, magnetically induced local currents at certain atoms or groups, or strain in the σ‐skeleton. This can lead to misinterpretations. Here, we highlight a pitfall in the (anti)aromaticity assessment of polycyclic molecules when it is mainly based on nucleus independent chemical shifts (NICSs). The NICS index can be misinterpreted to indicate ‘aromaticity’ or ‘antiaromaticity’ in nonaromatic rings as a result of paratropic or diatropic ring currents in adjacent rings. We explore if such false indications by NICS are (i) stronger in Baird‐aromatic or ‐antiaromatic excited states (mainly triplet and quintet, but also singlet) than in closed‐shell singlet ground states, and (ii) if a paratropic ring current in an adjacent ring causes stronger or weaker false ‘aromaticity’ than a diatropic one causes false ‘antiaromaticity’. Based on our computations we conclude that larger aromatic rings in all types of states (e.g., a triplet state Baird‐aromatic cyclooctatetraene ring) have greater influence than smaller ones, yet, we see no indication that the effect is stronger in excited states. Instead, annulene rings are more influential in their paratropic (antiaromatic) states, regardless if ground or excited states, than in their diatropic (aromatic) ones.
Self‐Assembled Micellar Aggregates From Star‐Shaped Copolymers Decorated With Cholesterol
Authors: Morelos‐Ramírez Isabel , Cortez‐Lemus Norma A.
Published: February 2025

In this work, we synthesized star‐shaped triblock copolymers based on poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL), poly(2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA), and poly(N‐acryloyl D‐glucosamine) (PAGA). PCL macro‐RAFT agent was chain extended with 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) via RAFT polymerization, followed by N‐acryloyl D‐glucosamine (AGA) to achieve the triblock. The length of the PHEA block was varied from DP = 2–59 per arm. The self‐assembly behavior of PCL‐b‐PHEA diblock copolymer was studied in deionized water. By AFM, large semi‐spherical micellar aggregates with a diameter of approximately 318–238 nm were observed. Some of these copolymers were decorated with cholesterol. PHEA block was mainly incorporated as a template to anchor cholesterol (Chol) and provide amphiphilic properties to the diblock, facilitating efficient extension of polymerization of AGA. The content of cholesterol conjugated in the PHEA block was 2.5%. It was found that the micellar aggregates prepared with the cholesterol‐decorated diblock practically tripled their diameter. By introducing the PAGA block, the micellar aggregates reduced their size (111–136 nm in diameter), improved colloidal stability, and turned into a material with unique characteristics that can be used as nanocarriers of therapeutic agents.
Structural Insight Into the SKP1‐CUL1‐FBXO3‐RBX1 Complex
Authors: Wei Jiajia , Xu Chao
Published: February 2025

The cryo‐EM structure of human SCFFBXO3, which consists of CUL1, RBX1, SKP1 and FBXO3 was solved at a nominal resolution of 3.70 Å. Although a previous study reported the crystal structure of the FBXO3 ApaG domain, how FBXO3 is incorporated into the SCF complex remains elusive. In the cryo‐EM structure of SCFFBXO3, the F‐box domain of FBXO3 primarily associates with SKP1 via extensive hydrophobic interactions and interacts with the N‐terminal region of CUL1 via hydrophobic interactions. The weak cryo‐EM map of the RBX1 globular region is close to the FBXO3 ApaG domain, suggesting that unmodified SCFFBXO3 exhibits a closed conformation and that CUL1 neddylation is likely required to achieve high E3 activity. The structural study provides insight into the assembly of SCFFBXO3 and its activation mediated by CUL1 neddylation.
Risk analysis of climate change effects on chemical processes
Authors: Cetinyokus Saliha , Asci Nurhan Arık , Cetinyokus Tahsin
Published: February 2025

In this study, risk analysis of the effects of climate change on process accidents was aimed and a methodology was proposed in this context. Firstly, process accidents between 2008 and 2023 were analyzed through databases. Then, the province and organization where the risk analysis studies will be performed were selected. In the last stage, risk analysis was carried out using damage analysis, event tree analysis, and consequence analysis techniques. A case study of the proposed methodology was also performed in Izmir, considering the flood disaster map of Türkiye, industrial organizations' locations within the scope of the legislation, and fragile equipment. The atmospheric gasoline tank in the sample organization was found to be the riskiest against flooding with its critical fill rate (CFL: 27%), fragility (ψ: 36%), and frequency of loss of containment (fLOC: 7.10 × 10−4/year) from the damage analysis. With event tree analysis, toxic release (7.09 × 10−7/year), pool fire (4.03 × 10−7/year), flash fire (3.44 × 10−5/year), and vapor cloud explosion (2.11 × 10−5/year) accident probabilities were determined. The consequence analysis showed lethal effects at a distance of 302 m. The sample organization met the regulatory threshold value (10−4/year), and no additional measures were required.
Prevalence and diversity of mite ectoparasites of house mice (Mus musculus L.) in urban environments in New Jersey, USA
Authors: Yu Jin‐Jia , OConnor Barry M , Sarker Souvic , Toledo Alvaro , Pan Xiaodan , Wang Changlu
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

House mice, Mus musculus L., carry ectoparasites that cause dermatitis and can vector human diseases. Nevertheless, there is little information on the prevalence and diversity of ectoparasites from house mice living in urban environments. We collected and identified ectoparasites from house mice trapped in apartment buildings and a chicken breeding building in three cities in New Jersey, USA. Two blood‐sucking mite species were genetically barcoded to facilitate future species determination.

RESULTS

A total of 189 house mice were trapped in apartment buildings while 113 mice were trapped in or around a chicken breeding building. Mites were the only ectoparasites found on house mice. The mite infestation rates ranged between 25% and 89%, and the mite species richness was between 1.0 ± 0.0 and 2.2 ± 0.1 per mouse among the study sites. The four mite species identified were Myocoptes musculinus (Koch), Myobia murismusculi (Schrank), Echinonyssus butantanensis (Fonseca), and the house mouse mite (Liponyssoides sanguineus [Hirst]). The house mouse mite was the only medically important mite found in this study. It was found only in apartment buildings with a prevalence between 30% and 79% and a mean density between 2.6 ± 0.6 and 8.5 ± 1.2 per host.

CONCLUSION

This study represents the first records of both E. butantanensis and the house mouse mite on house mice in New Jersey. This is significant as the house mouse mite has been documented to present a potential human health risk when there is a high prevalence in occupied buildings. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.