bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How the COVID‐19 global pandemic further jeopardized women's health, mental well‐being, and safety: Intersectionality framework and social policy action
Authors: Fulcher Megan , Schroeder Kingsley M. , Dinella Lisa M.
Published: June 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic has disproportionately endangered women's health, well‐being and safety. According to the World Health Organization, nearly 7 million people worldwide have died from the virus by May 2023. While COVID‐19 posed an immediate threat to the lives of people around the world, the interconnections of gender, race, ethnicity, and class resulted in differential consequences of the global pandemic. With a focus on intersecting identities, this special issue explores how women became more vulnerable during the pandemic and suggest what policies and interventions would work to buffer against such risks. In this issue, authors use empirical, review, and policy implication work to demonstrate how women, particularly those with other minoritized intersecting identities, were impacted by COVID‐19. The authors of this special issue examine the impacts of COVID‐19 on women's physical, emotional, and reproductive health, along with issues of safety. The unique role that women play in mothering and caretaking, within their homes, workplaces, and communities, means that this endangerment has widespread and potentially intergenerational impacts. Moreover, it is clear that empirically‐driven social policy and resource responses are crucial.
Mental health service users' experiences of telehealth interventions facilitated during the COVID‐19 pandemic and their relevance to nursing: An integrative review
Authors: Bright Ann‐Marie , Doody Owen
Published: June 2023

Accessible summary

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

Service users report telehealth interventions to be useful in terms of access and convenience however, a preference for face‐to‐face interventions remains.

Nurses are using telehealth interventions in clinical practice however, further research is necessary in this area as the evidence of their involvement is limited.

What are the implications for practice?

This paper highlights the use of telehealth interventions should augment rather than replace face‐to‐face care provision.

Introduction

The Covid‐19 pandemic saw the swift implementation of physical and social distancing that impacted the way in which mental health services were facilitated. Consequently, telehealth/e‐health interventions are increasing in use.

Aim

This integrative review aims to explore existing literature regarding mental health service users' experiences of telehealth interventions facilitated through the COVID‐19 pandemic, to determine the visibility of nursing involvement in the facilitation of telehealth interventions and to use these experiences to inform nursing practice.

Method

A methodical search of eight (n = 8) academic databases was undertaken using CINAHL, SCOPUS, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane, MEDLINE and Academic Search Complete between January 2020 and January 2022.

Results

A total of 5133 papers were screened by title and abstract of which (n = 77) progressed for full‐text screening. Five (n = 5) papers met the inclusion criteria for this review and results were mapped onto the four meta‐paradigms of nursing: person; where the findings discuss the acceptability of telehealth interventions; environment; where the findings highlight barriers and facilitators to the use of telehealth interventions; health; where the findings discuss staff time and logistical issues relating to telehealth interventions and nursing; where the findings centre around the therapeutic relationship.

Discussion

This review highlights there is a paucity of direct evidence relating to nursing involvement in the facilitation of telehealth interventions. However, there are benefits to the use of telehealth interventions that include increased access to services, less perceived stigma and increased engagement which are relevant to nursing practice. A lack of individual contact and concerns relating to infrastructure indicates a fondness for face‐to‐face interventions remains high.

Implications for Practice

There is a need for further research on the role of the nurse in the facilitation of telehealth interventions, specific interventions used and outcomes of such interventions.
Reinterpreting the phylogenetic position and taxonomic revision of the genus Pterocyclus (Apiaceae, Apioideae) based on nrITS, complete plastid genome, and morphological evidence
Authors: Guo Xian‐Lin , Gou Wei , Price Megan , Jiang Qiu‐Ping , Peng Chang , Zhou Song‐Dong , He Xing‐Jin
Published: June 2023

The classification of species in the genus Pterocyclus has been a topic of concern, as they were initially considered members of Pleurospermum (Apiaceae) in the Flora of China. However, the intergeneric and infrageneric classifications of Pterocyclus and its allies, such as Hymenidium and Pleurospermum, have been controversial. To address these issues, we performed phylogenetic analyses using one nuclear marker (nrITS) from 167 accessions, including 137 species (including five species of Pterocyclus), and 105 plastid genes from 82 accessions representing 82 species (including five species of Pterocyclus) of Apiaceae. We used both maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches to deduce phylogenetic relationships of Pterocyclus and its allies. Furthermore, we conducted morphometric analyses that specifically targeted the mericarp morphology, and compared the structural differences in their plastid genomes. Based on these findings, we suggest the following revisions to the classification of Pterocyclus and its allies: (i) Pterocyclus should encompass five species (Pterocyclus angelicoides, Pterocyclus forrestii, Pterocyclus rotundatus, Pterocyclus tibeticus, and Pterocyclus wolffianus), all of which are all monophyletic and placed in the Komarovieae; (ii) Pterocyclus rivulorum shows both phylogenetic and mericarp morphological similarities to Hymenidium apiolens and Hymenidium dentatum, which belongs to the Hymenidium Clade, thus we provisionally transfer it to Hymenidium; (iii) Pleurospermum longicarpum is considered conspecific with Pterocyclus angelicoides based on morphological descriptions in the Flora Xizangica; (iv) we describe and illustrate Pterocyclus tibeticus as a new species; and (v) Pterocyclus wolffianus should be recognized as a valid species and not considered a synonym of Pterocyclus forrestii.
Chronic hepatitis C virus infections in Switzerland in 2020: Lower than expected and suggesting achievement of WHO elimination targets
Authors: Bertisch Barbara , Schaetti Christian , Schmid Patrick , Peter Laura , Vernazza Pietro , Isler Marc , Oppliger Robert , Schmidt Axel Jeremias
Published: June 2023

In this multi‐method study, we investigated the prevalence of chronic infections with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Switzerland in 2020, and assessed Switzerland's progress in eliminating HCV as a public health problem by 2030 with regard to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria targeting infections acquired during the preceding year (‘new transmissions’) and HCV‐associated mortality. Based on a systematic literature review, the reappraisal of a 2015 prevalence analysis assuming 0.5% prevalence among the Swiss population and data from many additional sources, we estimated the prevalence among subpopulations at increased risk and the general population. For new transmissions, we evaluated mandatory HCV notification data and estimated unreported new transmissions based on subpopulation characteristics. For the mortality estimate, we re‐evaluated a previous mortality estimate 1995–2014 based on new data on comorbidities and age. We found a prevalence of ≤0.1% among the Swiss population. Discrepancies to the 2015 estimate were explained by previous (i) underestimation of sustained virologic response numbers, (ii) overestimation of HCV prevalence among PWID following bias towards subgroups at highest risk, (iii) overestimation of HCV prevalence among the general population from inclusion of high‐risk persons and (iv) underestimation of spontaneous clearance and mortality. Our results suggest that the WHO elimination targets have been met 10 years earlier than previously foreseen. These advancements were made possible by Switzerland's outstanding role in harm‐reduction programmes, the longstanding micro‐elimination efforts concerning HIV‐infected MSM and nosocomial transmissions, little immigration from high‐prevalence countries except Italian‐born persons born before 1953, and wealth of data and funding.
Do urban habitats induce physiological changes in Mediterranean lizards?
Authors: Vardi R. , Dubiner S. , Ben Bezalel R. , Meiri S. , Levin E.
Published: June 2023

Urban environments offer dramatically different habitats for wildlife compared with natural environments. They provide, for example, different levels of resource availability, anthropogenic night light, and microclimates (e.g., urban heat islands). For reptiles, increased temperatures in the city can lead to increased energetic demands and metabolic rates unless they change their morphology and physiology and adapt or acclimatize to the urban conditions. We explored differences in metabolic rate, evaporative water loss, and body size of two lizard species – rock agamas (Laudakia vulgaris) and Mediterranean house geckos (Hemidactylus turcicus), from urban habitats and nearby natural open areas. When tested in the lab, we expected to identify physiological adaptations resulting in decreased metabolism in urban individuals. Both species had similar body lengths and masses at both habitat types, suggesting any differences in costs and benefits between urban and natural environments do not affect their overall size or body condition. In the laboratory, metabolic rates were similar in individuals from both habitats for both species, indicating no long‐term adaptations in this trait. However, urban geckos (but not agamas) had higher evaporative water loss than conspecifics from more natural habitats. This may suggest different compositions of epidermal lipids affecting the gecko skin's resistance to evaporation between the habitats. Overall, our results highlight different elements of the urban environment that might affect reptiles. However, the differences between species urge caution in interpreting the results to other species and locations. With increasing urbanization worldwide, understanding when and to what degree local adaptations can occur can help us predict reptile species distribution and survival in light of future anthropogenic changes.
Intraspecific allometric shift in an endemic and endangered marine mollusc: A new minimally intrusive tool to capture shell shape in the field
Authors: Márquez F. , Espinosa F.
Published: June 2023

Patella ferruginea(Gastropoda, Patellidae) is an endemic and endangered marine invertebrate species from the Western Mediterranean that presents two ecomorphotypes. Currently, there is no objective and nonmanipulative method to determine these ecomorphotypes in the field. The present study uses the geometric morphometrics approach to investigate variation in the shell‐shape allometric trajectories of both ecomorphotypes. In addition, we propose a new manipulation‐free tool to assign ecomorphotype in the field. A total of 190 shells, 123 from the lamarcki (20.0 to 86.7 mm) and 67 from the rouxi (25.3 to 95.9 mm) ecomorphotypes, were analyzed using three different 2D landmark and semilandmark configurations capturing the lateral, internal, and dorsal shell views. We provide compelling graphical and analytical evidence that these ecomorphotypes differ in allometric growth patterns. However, the findings of the current study do not support that lamarcki and rouxi correspond to different ontogenetic states ofP. ferruginea. We hypothesize that the difference in the allometric trajectories between the rouxi and the lamarcki ecomorphotypes could be due to environmental constraints, but it might also be due to currently undetected genetic factors. Since the allometry‐free shape lateral view presented the most significant reliability in assigning ecomorphotypes, we evaluate an easy and inexpensive tool to assign individuals in the field to each ecomorphotype using a contour gauge and a simple landmark configuration (only three landmarks). Cross‐validated classification indicated that ecomorphotype assignations for lateral contour present total reliability calculated at 93.15%. Therefore, we encourage it to be implemented in future research to avoid sacrificing or manipulating specimens of this endangered species.
Defining a common language to assess external deformities in free‐ranging cetaceans
Authors: Correia Ana M. , Dietterle Erich , Dinis Ana , Alves Filipe
Published: June 2023

Wild animals are increasingly exposed to human‐induced threats in the ocean realm. Cetacean species, as predators and biomonitoring models, are subjected to a variety of stressors that may result in poor health, injuries, and persistent marks. These malformations can easily be documented by photography or video and can be used to infer about the animals' health, especially if combined with long‐term photographic identification. However, the value of such information for monitoring is vastly increased if a standardised language is used. We provide a broad definition of deformity, as a general concept for conditions or abnormal features in cetacean species, and categorise externally detected deformities in free‐ranging individuals.

We define six categories and 58 sub‐categories of deformities in cetaceans: anatomical malformations (11 sub‐categories), skin lesions (29), anomalous pigmentation (4), injuries due to physical impacts (14), emaciation, and epibionts.

Categorisation was based on peer‐reviewed literature published between 2000 and 2021 (n = 253 studies), comprising 80 of the 101 extant species, documented in studies conducted across 50 countries; reviewed literature included papers from 86 scientific journals, with three journals contributing 100 out of the 253 documents.

Overall, and for both Odontoceti and Mysticeti, physical impact was the most reported category; injuries due to physical impacts were documented in 74% of the 253 studies we reviewed. This may be related to the common exposure of cetaceans to intense human marine traffic and fishing activities.

Especially with the growing use of open science, a consistent and common language is fundamental for data comparison and to support cetacean research, management and conservation efficiently. We suggest that researchers adopt these definitions and categories when describing abnormalities observed in free‐living cetaceans.
Patterns in child stunting by age: A cross‐sectional study of 94 low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Karlsson Omar , Kim Rockli , Moloney Grainne M. , Hasman Andreas , Subramanian S. V.
Published: June 2023

Child stunting prevalence is primarily used as an indicator of impeded physical growth due to undernutrition and infections, which also increases the risk of mortality, morbidity and cognitive problems, particularly when occurring during the 1000 days from conception to age 2 years. This paper estimated the relationship between stunting prevalence and age for children 0–59 months old in 94 low‐ and middle‐income countries. The overall stunting prevalence was 32%. We found higher stunting prevalence among older children until around 28 months of age—presumably from longer exposure times and accumulation of adverse exposures to undernutrition and infections. In most countries, the stunting prevalence was lower for older children after around 28 months—presumably mostly due to further adverse exposures being less detrimental for older children, and catch‐up growth. The age for which stunting prevalence was the highest was fairly consistent across countries. Stunting prevalence and gradient of the rise in stunting prevalence by age varied across world regions, countries, living standards and sex. Poorer countries and households had a higher prevalence at all ages and a sharper positive age gradient before age 2. Boys had higher stunting prevalence but had peak stunting prevalence at lower ages than girls. Stunting prevalence was similar for boys and girls after around age 45 months. These results suggest that programmes to prevent undernutrition and infections should focus on younger children to optimise impact in reducing stunting prevalence. Importantly, however, since some catch‐up growth may be achieved after age 2, screening around this time can be beneficial.
A mixed methods systematic review exploring infant feeding experiences and support in women with severe mental illness
Authors: Baker Natasha , Bick Debra , Bamber Louise , Wilson Claire A. , Howard Louise M. , Bakolis Ioannis , Soukup Tayana , Chang Yan‐Shing
Published: June 2023

There are many benefits of breastfeeding to women and their infants but meeting the recommended 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding is likely to be more challenging for women with severe mental illness (SMI). This is the first systematic review that aims to examine evidence of (a) infant feeding outcomes in women with SMI and the factors associated with this, (b) the experiences of infant feeding and infant feeding support for women with SMI, (c) interventions for supporting infant feeding among these women and (d) health care professionals' attitudes toward supporting infant feeding in women with SMI. Mixed methods systematic review was carried out using the principles of Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) 'convergent integrated' methodology. CINAHL, PsycINFO, Medline and MIDIRS were used to search literature between 1994 and 2022. The quality of selected articles was assessed using JBI critical appraisal tools and thematic synthesis was undertaken to obtain findings. Eighteen papers were included in the final review. Women with SMI were less likely to initiate and continue breastfeeding than women without SMI. Several challenges with breastfeeding were highlighted, and while these were often linked to women's mental health difficulties, inconsistent advice from health care professionals and poor support with breastfeeding further compounded these challenges. This review highlights that policy and practice need to take into account the individual challenges women with SMI face when planning, initiating and maintaining breastfeeding. Education and training for health care professionals are needed to enable them to provide tailored infant feeding support to women with SMI, which reflects their individual needs.
High‐throughput functional genomics: A (myco)bacterial perspective
Authors: Winkler Kristy R. , Mizrahi Valerie , Warner Digby F. , De Wet Timothy J.
Published: June 2023

Advances in sequencing technologies have enabled unprecedented insights into bacterial genome composition and dynamics. However, the disconnect between the rapid acquisition of genomic data and the (much slower) confirmation of inferred genetic function threatens to widen unless techniques for fast, high‐throughput functional validation can be applied at scale. This applies equally to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the leading infectious cause of death globally and a pathogen whose genome, despite being among the first to be sequenced two decades ago, still contains many genes of unknown function. Here, we summarize the evolution of bacterial high‐throughput functional genomics, focusing primarily on transposon (Tn)‐based mutagenesis and the construction of arrayed mutant libraries in diverse bacterial systems. We also consider the contributions of CRISPR interference as a transformative technique for probing bacterial gene function at scale. Throughout, we situate our analysis within the context of functional genomics of mycobacteria, focusing specifically on the potential to yield insights into M. tuberculosis pathogenicity and vulnerabilities for new drug and regimen development. Finally, we offer suggestions for future approaches that might be usefully applied in elucidating the complex cellular biology of this major human pathogen.
The processing of multiword expressions in L1 and L2 Chinese: Evidence from reaction times and eye movements
Authors: Jiang Shang , Siyanova–Chanturia Anna
Published: June 2023

Frequency and proficiency have been found to play an important role in second language (L2) phrasal processing. However, existing research has largely focused on English and other European languages, with other commonly used languages, such as Chinese, being largely disregarded. To fill this gap, we carried out two experiments to investigate how frequency—operationalized as a dichotomy (collocation vs. control) and a continuum (log‐transformed corpus frequency)—and language proficiency affect phrasal processing in first language (L1) and L2 speakers of Chinese. The results of a grammaticality judgment task (Experiment 1) and an eye‐tracking experiment (Experiment 2) largely converged to show that not only L1 speakers but also L2 learners are sensitive to phrase frequency manipulations, with collocations and higher frequency phrases being processed faster than controls and lower frequency phrases, respectively. Additionally, the analysis of eye movements—but not reaction times—showed a relationship between proficiency and phrase frequency. Finally, the use of the eye‐tracking methodology allowed us to tap into the mechanisms associated with earlier and later stages of phrasal processing, and to analyze multiple interest areas.
A bacterial type III effector targets plant vesicle‐associated membrane proteins
Authors: Wang Keke , Yu Wenjia , Yu Gang , Zhang Lu , Xian Liu , Wei Yali , Perez‐Sancho Jessica , Xue Hao , Rufian Jose S. , Zhuang Haiyan , Kwon Chian , Macho Alberto P.
Published: June 2023

The soilborne bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most destructive plant pathogens worldwide, and its infection process involves the manipulation of numerous plant cellular functions. In this work, we found that the R. solanacearum effector protein RipD partially suppressed different levels of plant immunity triggered by R. solanacearum elicitors, including specific responses triggered by pathogen‐associated molecular patterns and secreted effectors. RipD localized in different subcellular compartments in plant cells, including vesicles, and its vesicular localization was enriched in cells undergoing R. solanacearum infection, suggesting that this specific localization may be particularly relevant during infection. Among RipD‐interacting proteins, we identified plant vesicle‐associated membrane proteins (VAMPs). We also found that overexpression of Arabidopsis thaliana VAMP721 and VAMP722 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves promoted resistance to R. solanacearum, and this was abolished by the simultaneous expression of RipD, suggesting that RipD targets VAMPs to contribute to R. solanacearum virulence. Among proteins secreted in VAMP721/722‐containing vesicles, CCOAOMT1 is an enzyme required for lignin biosynthesis, and mutation of CCOAOMT1 enhanced plant susceptibility to R. solanacearum. Altogether our results reveal the contribution of VAMPs to plant resistance against R. solanacearum and their targeting by a bacterial effector as a pathogen virulence strategy.
A clinicoepidemiological study on tinea incognita with assessment of its treatment strategies and drug prescribing practices in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Balasubramanian Arul , Gopalan Kannan , Akbar Ali Nazer Ali , Vadhooth Reham , Jabbar Muhammed Sirin Abdul , Ramalingam Kothai
Published: June 2023

Background

The incidence of tinea incognita (TI) appears to have increased over recent years owing to the easy availability of topical corticosteroids as over‐the‐counter preparations.

Aim

Describing the various clinicoepidemiological aspects of TI and assessing the treatment strategies and prescribing practices followed for its management.

Materials and Methods

A prospective study was conducted with 170 patients in the department of Skin and STD of a tertiary care hospital at Salem from Jan 2022 to June 2022. The various sociodemographic information was obtained by interviewing the patients and a detailed dermatological examination was performed by the dermatologists to describe the morphology of lesions, and sites involved.

Results

The results were statistically analysed and expressed in the form of percentages. Most of the patients were in the age group of 41–50 years. The majority of patients were illiterate, unskilled workers, married, belonging to the lower middle class, from rural localities, and with positive family histories. Most of the patients were suffering from TI for more than 1 year. The commonly used treatment modality was combinational therapy which comprises oral and topical antifungals and antihistaminic drugs. The commonly prescribed antifungal was itraconazole.

Conclusion

This study emphasises the need to spread awareness among the pharmacist and the community regarding the adverse consequences of practicing self‐medication with topical corticosteroids.
Medication administration error prevention among nurses working in intensive care units: A secondary analysis
Authors: Giannetta Noemi , Trapani Josef , Dionisi Sara , De Leo Aurora , Petrone Fabrizio , D'Agostino Fabio , Liquori Gloria , Di Simone Emanuele , Cassar Maria , Di Muzio Marco
Published: June 2023

Background

The intensive care unit (ICU) brings together high‐risk patients and interventions in a complex environment. Based on this consideration, medication administration error is the most common type of error that occurs in ICUs. Literature confirms that human factors (lack of knowledge, poor practices and negative attitudes) of nurses are the main contributors to the occurrence of medication administration errors in ICUs.

Aim

To examine and compare the knowledge, attitudes and behaviour scores on medication administration error according to nurses' sociodemographic and professional variables.

Study Design

This is a secondary analysis of data from a cross‐sectional international study based on a survey. Descriptive statistics were computed for all items of the questionnaire. Non‐parametric tests (Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests) were used to carry out the comparison between groups.

Results

The international sample consisted of 1383 nurses in 12 different countries. Statistically significant changes were seen in knowledge, attitudes and behaviour scores among several subgroups of the international population. Eastern nurses were more likely to show adequate knowledge about medication administration error prevention than Western nurses; concurrently, Western nurses were significantly more likely to show positive attitudes than Eastern nurses. No statistically significant differences in the behaviour scale were found in this study.

Conclusions

The findings show a difference between knowledge and attitudes in relation to cultural background.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Decision makers in ICUs should consider cultural background when planning and implementing prevention strategies for medication administration errors. Further research is needed to investigate the effectiveness of educational systems on the decrease of the incidence of medication administration errors in ICU.
Buying green in U.S. local government: Internal commitment and responsiveness to external pressures
Authors: Dimand Ana‐Maria , Neshkova Milena I.
Published: June 2023

This study investigates how green purchasing in local governments varies as a function of the organization's internal commitment, operationalized by the stage of institutionalization of green public procurement (GPP), and external pressures from various stakeholder groups. GPP, a value‐based innovation justified on the grounds of intergenerational equity, is an important tool governments can use to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. Survey data from 210 U.S. local governments reveal that while both external and internal factors are strong predictors of buying green, internal commitment matters relatively more. We also find that earlier stages of GPP institutionalization are more conducive to external influence, albeit the effect differs among stakeholders. Local governments tend to be more likely to buy green when nudged by nonprofits and interest groups, and less so when offered financial incentives by the federal government.
When worlds collide: The romantic relationship experiences of bisexual‐identifying Asian American men
Authors: Baierl‐Kwok Cheryl , Rostosky Sharon S.
Published: June 2023

Relationships, their processes, and outcomes are shaped by sociocultural norms and practices. The specialty of counseling psychology emphasizes the importance of a holistic understanding of the social context of lived experience as it affects health and well‐being. We used a queer paradigm and an intersectional approach to inquire about the romantic relationship experiences of 15 bisexual‐identifying Asian American men (BIAAM) who were at least 23 years old. In‐depth interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a constructivist grounded theory approach. A recursive process of coding resulted in findings that focused on the influence of gender and bisexual stigma on romantic relationship experiences. Relationship experiences were constructed in the context of White hegemonic masculinity norms requiring the performance of dominance and emotional restriction. Experiences of bisexual stigma included fears of rejection from gay and Asian communities that shaped the choice of partners and disclosure and concealment decisions. BIAAM create and maintain their romantic relationships in a social context that challenges them to straddle socially constructed binaries and hierarchies for performing gender, sexuality, and race. We discuss the implications of the findings for culturally competent and effective intervention.
The importance of soft tissue condition in bone regenerative procedures to ensure long‐term peri‐implant health
Authors: Roccuzzo Mario , Roccuzzo Andrea , Marruganti Crystal , Fickl Stefan
Published: June 2023

Bone regenerative procedures have been widely proved to be a reliable treatment option to re‐create the ideal pre‐implant clinical conditions. Nevertheless, these techniques are not free from post‐operative complications which might result in implant failure. Consequently, as demonstrated by the increasing recently published evidence, a careful pre‐ and intra‐operative flap evaluation to ensure an ideal and hermetic tension‐free wound closure is of paramount importance to successfully treat bony defects. In this respect, several surgical interventions mainly aimed to increase the amount of keratinized mucosa either to allow an optimal healing after a reconstructive procedure or to establish an optimal peri‐implant soft tissue seal have been proposed. The present review summarizes the level of evidence on the surgical clinical aspects which have an impact on the soft tissue handling associated with bone reconstructive procedures and on the importance of soft tissue conditions to enhance and maintain peri‐implant health in the long‐term.
Long‐term (statistically learnt) and short‐term (inter‐trial) distractor‐location effects arise at different pre‐ and post‐selective processing stages
Authors: Qiu Nan , Zhang Bei , Allenmark Fredrik , Nasemann Jan , Tsai Shao‐Yang , Müller Hermann J. , Shi Zhuanghua
Published: June 2023

A salient distractor interferes less with visual search if it appears at a location where it is likely to occur, referred to as distractor‐location probability cueing. Conversely, if the current target appears at the same location as a distractor on the preceding trial, search is impeded. While these two location‐specific “suppression” effects reflect long‐term, statistically learnt and short‐term, inter‐trial adaptations of the system to distractors, it is unclear at what stage(s) of processing they arise. Here, we adopted the additional‐singleton paradigm and examined lateralized event‐related potentials (L‐ERPs) and lateralized alpha (8–12 Hz) power to track the temporal dynamics of these effects. Behaviorally, we confirmed both effects: reaction times (RTs) interference was reduced for distractors at frequent versus rare (distractor) locations, and RTs were delayed for targets that appeared at previous distractor versus non‐distractor locations. Electrophysiologically, the statistical‐learning effect was not associated with lateralized alpha power during the pre‐stimulus period. Rather, it was seen in an early N1pc referenced to the frequent distractor location (whether or not a distractor or a target occurred there), indicative of a learnt top‐down prioritization of this location. This early top‐down influence was systematically modulated by (competing) target‐ and distractor‐generated bottom‐up saliency signals in the display. In contrast, the inter‐trial effect was reflected in an enhanced SPCN when the target was preceded by a distractor at its location. This suggests that establishing that an attentionally selected item is a task‐relevant target, rather than an irrelevant distractor, is more demanding at a previously “rejected” distractor location.
Pulse rate variability: An alternative to heart rate variability in adults with spinal cord injury
Authors: Schoffl Jacob , Pozzato Ilaria , Rodrigues Dianah , Arora Mohit , Craig Ashley
Published: June 2023

Pulse rate variability (PRV) is often used as an alternative to heart rate variability (HRV) to measure psychophysiological function. However, its validity to do so is unclear, especially in adults with spinal cord injury (SCI). This study compared PRV and HRV in adults with higher‐level SCI (SCI‐H, n = 23), lower‐level SCI (SCI‐L, n = 22), and able‐bodied participants (AB n = 44), in a seated position as a function of performance in a reactivity task (Oxford Sleep Resistance Test: OSLER). PRV and HRV was measured using reflective finger‐based photoplethysmography (PPG) and electrocardiography, respectively, at baseline, immediately post‐OSLER, and after five‐minute recovery. Agreement between PRV and HRV was determined by Bland–Altman analysis and differences between PRV and HRV over time by linear mixed effects model (LMM) analysis. Concurrent validity was assessed through correlation analyses between PRV and HRV. Additional correlation analyses were performed with psychosocial factors. Results indicated insufficient to moderate agreement between PRV and HRV. LMM analyses indicated no differences over time for standard deviation of normal‐to‐normal intervals and low‐frequency power but significant differences for root mean square of successive differences and high frequency power. Nevertheless, PRV and HRV were highly correlated (Median r = .878 (.675–.990)) during all assessment periods suggesting sufficient concurrent validity. Similar correlation patterns were also found for PRV and HRV with psychosocial outcomes. While differences existed, results suggest PRV derived from reflective finger‐based PPG is a valid proxy of HRV in tracking psychophysiological function in adults with SCI and could therefore be used as a more accessible monitoring tool.
A decade‐long study of repeated prescription burning in California native grassland restoration
Authors: Keeley Jon E. , Klinger Robert C. , Brennan Teresa J. , Lawson Dawn M. , La Grange John , Berg Kathryn N.
Published: June 2023

Native bunchgrass communities dominated by Stipa pulchra are widely distributed in California but share dominance with non‐native annual grasses. Restoration of these grasslands focuses on altering the balance of native to non‐native grasses to favor the former. This study investigated the impact of burning on vegetation recovery. In the first postfire year burning showed a 70% reduction in cover of non‐native annual grasses (Bromus diandrus exhibited the greatest reduction) and minimal impact on S. pulchra recovery. In the following 3 years, S. pulchra recovered to levels comparable to controls, whereas the annual grasses remained below control levels until the fifth year. Also, in response to reduced annual grass cover on burned sites several species of non‐native Erodium increased from 10 to 30% relative cover, however, the low growth form of these forbs presented a less competitive threat to bunchgrasses than the non‐native annual grasses, and by the third postfire year returned to near control levels. The rare native geophyte Brodiaea kinkiensis was present throughout these grasslands and was not inhibited by burning treatments. To document the reliability of these patterns a second prescription burn was conducted on these sites 5 years after the first burn and vegetation recovery followed for the subsequent 4 years. Patterns observed after the first burn were duplicated following the second burn. The cover of S. pulchra varied in response to precipitation, with the 95% credible intervals of precipitation parameters overlapping zero, however, the cover of non‐native grasses varied greatly with precipitation and had similar trajectories in unburned and burned plots.
Smartphone‐based agricultural extension services and farm incomes: Evidence from Zhejiang Province in China
Authors: Zhuo Ni , Li Baozhi , Zhu Qibiao , Ji Chen
Published: June 2023

Smartphone use in rural China has grown rapidly, leading to the fast development of smartphone‐based agricultural extension services. However, there is limited research on the income effects of smartphone‐based agricultural extension services in rural areas. In this study, we analyze the causal effects of smartphone‐based agricultural extension services (“Zhe'yang'shi” WeChat application as an example) on farm incomes in Zhejiang, China, using a staggered difference‐in‐differences method with panel data from 400 crop farmers. Our results show that adopting smartphone‐based agricultural extension services increases farm income from soil testing formula fertilizer fields by 15.39% and total farm income by 16.31%.
Presidential stories of fear: Focusing congressional climate change mitigation attention in the United States
Authors: Peterson Holly L. , Zanocco Chad
Published: June 2023

Do presidential climate change narratives increase related congressional attention in the United States? Narrative theory says since narratives leverage cognitive heuristics, they should focus policy‐making attention in institutions more efficiently than non‐narrative statements. This study identifies and tests climate change statements and narratives, including those focused on solutions, or “stories of hope,” and those focused on problems and victims, “stories of fear,” for relationships with congressional attention using time series analysis. Findings suggest a relationship between narrative and hearings, but not for non‐narrative statements and hearings. Furthermore, while narratives are related to hearings generally, stories of fear have larger effects, but only in conditions of single party control of the US Presidency and Congress. This analysis supports theory about narratives and institutional influence and offers the additional concept of stories of fear and hope as impactful on political institutions.
Incidence and predictors of infections in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer treated with checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies: A monocentric retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bavaro Davide Fiore , Diella Lucia , Pizzutilo Pamela , Catino Annamaria , Signorile Fabio , Pesola Francesco , Belati Alessandra , Marech Ilaria , Garrisi Vito , Lamorgese Nino , Di Gennaro Francesco , Saracino Annalisa , Galetta Domenico
Published: June 2023

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent the cornerstone of the current treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the occurrence of concomitant infections might hamper success. All consecutive patients with advanced NSCLC who started ICIs as a first‐ or second‐line therapy from January 1, 2017 to June 30, 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. The occurrence of infectious events during ICIs was correlated with clinical characteristics, including previous Cytotoxic Chemotherapy (CC), occurrence of immune‐related‐adverse‐events (irAEs). A total of 211 patients were included, 46 (22%) females, with a median (q1‐q3) age of 69 (62‐76) years. Overall, 85 patients (40%) received ICIs as a first treatment line and 126 (60%) as a second line; 40 patients (19%) had at least one infection during ICIs, and 17 (8%) more than one. Notably, autoimmune diseases (P < .005), neutropenia (P = .001) or infections during previous CC (P = .001), irAEs (P = .006), or steroid therapy for irAEs (P < .001) were associated with infection development. By multivariate Cox‐regression, autoimmune diseases (aHR = 6.27; 95%CI = 2.38‐16.48; P < .001) and steroid therapy for irAEs (aHR = 2.65; 95%CI = 1.27‐5.52; P < .009) were associated with a higher risk of infection during ICIs. Interestingly, autoimmune diseases were confirmed as risk factors in patients treated with ICIs as a first line, while previous infections were the only independent predictor of infections in patients treated with ICIs as a second line. Patients with NSCLC treated with ICIs with concurrent autoimmune disease, receiving steroid therapy for management of irAEs, or having a history of previous infections during CC should be actively monitored for the risk of developing infectious complications.
Young male athletes at risk for problem gambling: Findings from a cross‐sectional study in Sweden
Authors: Vinberg Maria , Durbeej Natalie , Rosendahl Ingvar
Published: June 2023

Previous research has shown that male athletes at the elite level in Sweden have a higher proportion of gambling problems than the average male population in the country. However, there is a knowledge gap in the prevalence of gambling problems among young athletes. To address this gap, this study aimed to explore gambling behavior among young athletes and to examine the associations between individual and environmental factors and problem gambling. The cross‐sectional survey comprised questions from the Problem Gambling Severity Index and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, in addition to self‐constructed items on individual and environmental factors. The data were derived from a sample of 1,636 students from the National Sports Education Program (NIU) and 816 grassroots athletes of the same age (16–20 years old). The results showed that male athletes had a higher prevalence of problem gambling compared to female athletes, and that a large proportion of male athletes had gambled during school hours. The prevalence of problem gambling was almost zero for women. The prevalence of problem gambling among male athletes over 18 years of age was 9% in NIU athletes and 3.6% in grassroots athletes, while for men under 18 years of age, the prevalence was 4.9% in NIU athletes and 1.3% in grassroots athletes. The study highlights the importance of considering contextual factors such as the school and team environment in preventing problem gambling among young male athletes.
Capital misallocation in Chinese industrial firms
Authors: Tang Le , Zhang Jun , Shen Jim Huangnan
Published: June 2023

This paper investigates the impact of volatility in profitability shock, capital price distortion and adjustment costs on capital misallocation among Chinese industrial firms. We estimate a dynamic model pertaining firms' investment decision, incorporating institutional differences between state and private firms, so the model can reproduce salient features observed from Chinese firms. Our analysis shows: (i) capital price distortion is more severe among state firms than private ones; (ii) adjusting capital is more costly for state than private firms; (iii) volatility in profitability shock is a major source that causes capital misallocation for both types of firms.
A bout of endurance and resistance exercise transiently decreases plasma levels of bile acids in young, sedentary adults
Authors: Osuna‐Prieto Francisco J. , Jurado‐Fasoli Lucas , Plaza‐Florido Abel , Yang Wei , Kohler Isabelle , Di Xinyu , Rubio‐López José , Sanchez‐Delgado Guillermo , Rensen Patrick C. N. , Ruiz Jonatan R. , Martinez‐Tellez Borja
Published: June 2023

Circulating bile acids (BA) are signaling molecules that control glucose and lipid metabolism. However, the effects of acute exercise on plasma levels of BA in humans remain poorly understood. Here, we evaluate the effects of a bout of maximal endurance exercise (EE) and resistance exercise (RE) on plasma levels of BA in young, sedentary adults. Concentration of eight plasma BA was measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry before and 3, 30, 60, and 120 min after each exercise bout. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was assessed in 14 young adults (21.8 ± 2.5 yo, 12 women); muscle strength was assessed in 17 young adults (22.4 ± 2.5 yo, 11 women). EE transiently decreased plasma levels of total, primary, and secondary BA at 3 and 30 min after exercise. RE exerted a prolonged reduction in plasma levels of secondary BA (p < 0.001) that lasted until 120 min. Primary BA levels of cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) were different across individuals with low/high CRF levels after EE (p ≤ 0.044); CA levels were different across individuals with low/high handgrip strength levels. High CRF individuals presented higher levels of CA and CDCA 120 min after exercise vs baseline (+77% and +65%) vs the low CRF group (−5% and −39%). High handgrip strength levels individuals presented higher levels of CA 120 min after exercise versus baseline (+63%) versus the low handgrip strength group (+6%). The study findings indicate that an individual's level of physical fitness can influence how circulating BA respond to both endurance and resistance exercise. Additionally, the study suggests that changes in plasma BA levels after exercising could be related to the control of glucose homeostasis in humans.
Dating at a Distance: Does It Take a Pandemic to Challenge Campus Sexual Culture?1
Authors: Blum Linda M. , Eri Lee Kaitlyn , Binder Olivia , Clifford Emma
Published: June 2023

Researchers agree that the predominant scripts of campus sexual culture, normalizing casual encounters with ambiguous distinctions between hookups and dating, offer contradictory risks and rewards for young adults, particularly young women. The arrival of the novel coronavirus in 2020, however, upended the lives of young adults just as they were shaping sexual and romantic careers. We ask, extending critical intersectional approaches, whether the global pandemic, like a natural experiment, might challenge troubling exclusionary as well as gendered aspects of contemporary sexual culture. In‐depth interviews with 40 “twenty‐somethings” completing undergraduate degrees at a selective university at two points over a year apart found that for most the pandemic offered a needed respite. We suggest: first, many young women used the disruption to prioritize their autonomy, with increased partner churn and detachment. Second, some sexual and racial minority participants, and the few with physical disabilities, reported the pandemic normalized their experience as outsiders, strengthening their self‐development. Finally, the more intentional dating practices one participant named “Covid consent” lessened gendered risks of sexual violence and modeled mutual respect for boundaries. While those without class privilege had less ability to enact such boundaries, pandemic challenges may point to healthier, more inclusive sexual scripts.