bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Sticker Model Stimulation on Silicon for a Maximum Clique Problem
Authors: Ning Jianguo , Li Yanmei , Yu Wen
Published: June 2015

Molecular computers (also called DNA computers), as an alternative to traditional electronic computers, are smaller in size but more energy efficient, and have massive parallel processing capacity. However, DNA computers may not outperform electronic computers owing to their higher error rates and some limitations of the biological laboratory. The stickers model, as a typical DNA-based computer, is computationally complete and universal, and can be viewed as a bit-vertically operating machine. This makes it attractive for silicon implementation. Inspired by the information processing method on the stickers computer, we propose a novel parallel computing model called DEM (DNA Electronic Computing Model) on System-on-a-Programmable-Chip (SOPC) architecture. Except for the significant difference in the computing medium—transistor chips rather than bio-molecules—the DEM works similarly to DNA computers in immense parallel information processing. Additionally, a plasma display panel (PDP) is used to show the change of solutions, and helps us directly see the distribution of assignments. The feasibility of the DEM is tested by applying it to compute a maximum clique problem (MCP) with eight vertices. Owing to the limited computing sources on SOPC architecture, the DEM could solve moderate-size problems in polynomial time.
Market Access Advancements and Challenges in “Drug-Companion Diagnostic Test” Co-Development in Europe
Authors: Akhmetov Ildar , Ramaswamy Rakshambikai , Akhmetov Illias , Thimmaraju Phani
Published: June 2015

The pharma ecosphere is witnessing a measured transformation from the one-size-fits-all or blockbuster model of drugs to more informed and tailored personalized treatments that facilitate higher safety and efficacy for a relevant sub-population. However, with several breakthroughs still in a nascent stage, market access becomes a crucial factor for commercial success, especially when it comes to co-creating value for pertinent stakeholders. This article highlights diverse issues from stakeholder perspectives in Europe, specifically the ones which require immediate resolution. Furthermore, the article also discusses case studies articulating potential solutions for the issues discussed.
Solidarity and the Encapsulated and Divided Histories of Health and Human Rights
Authors: Khoo Su-Ming
Published: June 2015

This article examines the central but neglected principle of solidarity in human rights, health and bioethics, a concept subject to contention, evasion and confusion. It addresses the general ambivalence toward solidarity within law, philosophy and politics by discussing solidarity’s co-evolution with inegalitarian encapsulations and divisions of human rights. It argues that a renewed conception of solidarity is essential to meet increasingly salient ethical demands, as gender equality and the individualization of responsibilities coincide with deficits of care and collective responsibility. Questions of embodiedness, (inter)dependence, care and asymmetry are neglected by dominant liberal approaches, but are key to rethinking solidarity.
Catalytically Enhanced Hydrogen Sorption in Mg-MgH2 by Coupling Vanadium-Based Catalyst and Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Kadri Atikah , Jia Yi , Chen Zhigang , Yao Xiangdong
Published: June 2015

Mg (MgH2)-based composites, using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and pre-synthesized vanadium-based complex (VCat) as the catalysts, were prepared by high-energy ball milling technique. The synergistic effect of coupling CNTs and VCat in MgH2 was observed for an ultra-fast absorption rate of 6.50 wt. % of hydrogen per minute and 6.50 wt. % of hydrogen release in 10 min at 200 °C and 300 °C, respectively. The temperature programmed desorption (TPD) results reveal that coupling VCat and CNTs reduces both peak and onset temperatures by more than 60 °C and 114 °C, respectively. In addition, the presence of both VCat and CNTs reduces the enthalpy and entropy of desorption of about 7 kJ/mol H2 and 11 J/mol H2·K, respectively, as compared to those of the commercial MgH2, which ascribe to the decrease of desorption temperature. From the study of the effect of CNTs milling time, it is shown that partially destroyed CNTs (shorter milling time) are better to enhance the hydrogen sorption performance.
The Fractional Orthogonal Difference with Applications
Authors: Diekema Enno
Published: June 2015

This paper is a follow-up of a previous paper of the author published in Mathematics journal in 2015, which treats the so-called continuous fractional orthogonal derivative. In this paper, we treat the discrete case using the fractional orthogonal difference. The theory is illustrated with an application of a fractional differentiating filter. In particular, graphs are presented of the absolutel value of the modulus of the frequency response. These make clear that for a good insight into the behavior of a fractional differentiating filter, one has to look for the modulus of its frequency response in a log-log plot, rather than for plots in the time domain.
Signal Processing Technique for Combining Numerous MEMS Gyroscopes Based on Dynamic Conditional Correlation
Authors: Liu Jieyu , Shen Qiang , Qin Weiwei
Published: June 2015

A signal processing technique is presented to improve the angular rate accuracy of Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) gyroscope by combining numerous gyroscopes. Based on the conditional correlation between gyroscopes, a dynamic data fusion model is established. Firstly, the gyroscope error model is built through Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) process to improve overall performance. Then the conditional covariance obtained through dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) estimator is used to describe the correlation quantitatively. Finally, the approach is validated by a prototype of the virtual gyroscope, which consists of six-gyroscope array. The experimental results indicate that the weights of gyroscopes change with the value of error. Also, the accuracy of combined rate signal is improved dramatically compared to individual gyroscope. The results indicate that the approach not only improves the accuracy of the MEMS gyroscope, but also discovers the fault gyroscope and eliminates its influence.
Molecular Cloning, Carbohydrate Specificity and the Crystal Structure of Two Sclerotium rolfsii Lectin Variants
Authors: Peppa Vassiliki , Venkat Hemalatha , Kantsadi Anastassia , Inamdar Shashikala , Bhat Ganapati , Eligar Sachin , Shivanand Anupama , Chachadi Vishwanath , Satisha Gonchigar , Swamy Bale , Skamnaki Vassiliki , Zographos Spyridon , Leonidas Demetres
Published: June 2015

SRL is a cell wall associated developmental-stage specific lectin secreted by Sclerotium rolfsii, a soil-born pathogenic fungus. SRL displays specificity for TF antigen (Galβ1→3GalNAc-α-Ser//Thr) expressed in all cancer types and has tumour suppressing effects in vivo. Considering the immense potential of SRL in cancer research, we have generated two variant gene constructs of SRL and expressed in E. coli to refine the sugar specificity and solubility by altering the surface charge. SSR1 and SSR2 are two different recombinant variants of SRL, both of which recognize TF antigen but only SSR1 binds to Tn antigen (GalNAcα-Ser/Thr). The glycan array analysis of the variants demonstrated that SSR1 recognizes TF antigen and their derivative with high affinity similar to SRL but showed highest affinity towards the sialylated Tn antigen, unlike SRL. The carbohydrate binding property of SSR2 remains unaltered compared to SRL. The crystal structures of the two variants were determined in free form and in complex with N-acetylglucosamine at 1.7 Å and 1.6 Å resolution, respectively. Structural analysis highlighted the structural basis of the fine carbohydrate specificity of the two SRL variants and results are in agreement with glycan array analysis.
Green Chemistry Metrics with Special Reference to Green Analytical Chemistry
Authors: Tobiszewski Marek , Marć Mariusz , Gałuszka Agnieszka , Namieśnik Jacek
Published: June 2015

The concept of green chemistry is widely recognized in chemical laboratories. To properly measure an environmental impact of chemical processes, dedicated assessment tools are required. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field of development of green chemistry and green analytical chemistry metrics. The diverse methods used for evaluation of the greenness of organic synthesis, such as eco-footprint, E-Factor, EATOS, and Eco-Scale are described. Both the well-established and recently developed green analytical chemistry metrics, including NEMI labeling and analytical Eco-scale, are presented. Additionally, this paper focuses on the possibility of the use of multivariate statistics in evaluation of environmental impact of analytical procedures. All the above metrics are compared and discussed in terms of their advantages and disadvantages. The current needs and future perspectives in green chemistry metrics are also discussed.
Examination of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Uptake and Toxicity from Dietary Exposure: Tracking Movement and Impacts in the Gastrointestinal System
Authors: Bisesi Joseph , Ngo Thuy , Ponnavolu Satvika , Liu Keira , Lavelle Candice , Afrooz A.R.M. , Saleh Navid , Ferguson P. , Denslow Nancy , Sabo-Attwood Tara
Published: June 2015

Previous studies indicate that exposure of fish to pristine single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by oral gavage, causes no overt toxicity, and no appreciable absorption has been observed. However, in the environment, SWCNTs are likely to be present in dietary sources, which may result in differential impacts on uptake and biological effects. Additionally, the potential of these materials to sorb nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids) while present in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract may lead to nutrient depletion conditions that impact processes such as growth and reproduction. To test this phenomenon, fathead minnows were fed a commercial diet either with or without SWCNTs for 96 h. Tracking and quantification of SWCNTs using near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging during feeding studies showed the presence of food does not facilitate transport of SWCNTs across the intestinal epithelia. Targeting genes shown to be responsive to nutrient depletion (peptide transporters, peptide hormones, and lipases) indicated that pept2, a peptide transporter, and cck, a peptide hormone, showed differential mRNA expression by 96 h, a response that may be indicative of nutrient limitation. The results of the current study increase our understanding of the movement of SWCNTs through the GI tract, while the changes in nutrient processing genes highlight a novel mechanism of sublethal toxicity in aquatic organisms.
Imaging Functions of Quasi-Periodic Nanohole Array as an Ultra-Thin Planar Optical Lens
Authors: Kao Tsung , Lo Yuan , Kuo Hao-Chung
Published: June 2015

In this paper, the lensing functions and imaging abilities of a quasi-periodic nanohole array in a metal screen have been theoretically investigated and demonstrated. Such an optical binary mask with nanoholes designed in an aperiodic arrangement can function as an ultra-thin planar optical lens, imaging complex structures composed of multiple light sources at tens of wavelengths away from the lens surface. Via resolving two adjacent testing objects at different separations, the effective numerical aperture (N.A.) and the effective imaging area of the planar optical lens can be evaluated, mimicking the imaging function of a conventional lens with high N.A. Furthermore, by using the quasi-periodic nanohole array as an ultra-thin planar optical lens, important applications such as X-ray imaging and nano-optical circuits may be found in circumstances where conventional optical lenses cannot readily be applied.
Pairwise-Distance-Analysis-Driven Dimensionality Reduction Model with Double Mappings for Hyperspectral Image Visualization
Authors: Long Yi , Li Heng-Chao , Celik Turgay , Longbotham Nathan , Emery William
Published: June 2015

This paper describes a novel strategy for the visualization of hyperspectral imagery based on the analysis of image pixel pairwise distances. The goal of this approach is to generate a final color image with excellent interpretability and high contrast at the cost of distorting a few pairwise distances. Specifically, the principle of equal variance is introduced to divide all hyperspectral bands into three subgroups and to ensure the energy is distributed uniformly between them, as in natural color images. Then, after detecting both normal and outlier pixels, these three subgroups are mapped into three color components of the output visualization using two different mapping (i.e., dimensionality reduction) schemes for the two types of pixels. The widely-used multidimensional scaling (MDS) is used for normal pixels and a new objective function, taking into account the weighting of pairwise distances, is presented for the outlier pixels. The pairwise distance weighting is designed such that small pairwise distances between the outliers and their respective neighbors are emphasized and large deviations are suppressed. This produces an image with high contrast and good interpretability while retaining the detailed information content. The proposed algorithm is compared with several state-of-the-art visualization techniques and evaluated on the well-known AVIRIS hyperspectral images. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is substantiated both visually and quantitatively.
A Thermophilic Phage Endolysin Fusion to a Clostridium perfringens-Specific Cell Wall Binding Domain Creates an Anti-Clostridium Antimicrobial with Improved Thermostability
Authors: Swift Steven , Seal Bruce , Garrish Johnna , Oakley Brian , Hiett Kelli , Yeh Hung-Yueh , Woolsey Rebekah , Schegg Kathleen , Line John , Donovan David
Published: June 2015

Clostridium perfringens is the third leading cause of human foodborne bacterial disease and is the presumptive etiologic agent of necrotic enteritis among chickens. Treatment of poultry with antibiotics is becoming less acceptable. Endolysin enzymes are potential replacements for antibiotics. Many enzymes are added to animal feed during production and are subjected to high-heat stress during feed processing. To produce a thermostabile endolysin for treating poultry, an E. coli codon-optimized gene was synthesized that fused the N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase domain from the endolysin of the thermophilic bacteriophage ɸGVE2 to the cell-wall binding domain (CWB) from the endolysin of the C. perfringens-specific bacteriophage ɸCP26F. The resulting protein, PlyGVE2CpCWB, lysed C. perfringens in liquid and solid cultures. PlyGVE2CpCWB was most active at pH 8, had peak activity at 10 mM NaCl, 40% activity at 150 mM NaCl and was still 16% active at 600 mM NaCl. The protein was able to withstand temperatures up to 50° C and still lyse C. perfringens. Herein, we report the construction and characterization of a thermostable chimeric endolysin that could potentially be utilized as a feed additive to control the bacterium during poultry production.
IFITMs from Mycobacteria Confer Resistance to Influenza Virus When Expressed in Human Cells
Authors: Melvin William , McMichael Temet , Chesarino Nicholas , Hach Jocelyn , Yount Jacob
Published: June 2015

Interferon induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) found in vertebrates restrict infections by specific viruses. IFITM3 is known to be essential for restriction of influenza virus infections in both mice and humans. Vertebrate IFITMs are hypothesized to have derived from a horizontal gene transfer from bacteria to a primitive unicellular eukaryote. Since bacterial IFITMs share minimal amino acid identity with human IFITM3, we hypothesized that examination of bacterial IFITMs in human cells would provide insight into the essential characteristics necessary for antiviral activity of IFITMs. We examined IFITMs from Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium abscessus for potential antiviral activity. Both of these IFITMs conferred a moderate level of resistance to influenza virus in human cells, identifying them as functional homologues of IFITM3. Analysis of sequence elements shared by bacterial IFITMs and IFITM3 identified two hydrophobic domains, putative S-palmitoylation sites, and conserved phenylalanine residues associated with IFITM3 interactions, which are all necessary for IFITM3 antiviral activity. We observed that, like IFITM3, bacterial IFITMs were S-palmitoylated, albeit to a lesser degree. We also demonstrated the ability of a bacterial IFITM to co-immunoprecipitate with IFITM3 suggesting formation of a complex, and also visualized strong co-localization of bacterial IFITMs with IFITM3. However, the mycobacterial IFITMs lack the endocytic-targeting motif conserved in vertebrate IFITM3. As such, these bacterial proteins, when expressed alone, had diminished colocalization with cathepsin B-positive endolysosomal compartments that are the primary site of IFITM3-dependent influenza virus restriction. Though the precise evolutionary origin of vertebrate IFITMs is not known, our results support a model whereby transfer of a bacterial IFITM gene to eukaryotic cells may have provided a selective advantage against viral infection that was refined through the course of vertebrate evolution to include more robust signals for S-palmitoylation and localization to sites of endocytic virus trafficking.
Climate or Land Use?—Attribution of Changes in River Flooding in the Sahel Zone
Authors: Aich Valentin , Liersch Stefan , Vetter Tobias , Andersson Jafet , Müller Eva , Hattermann Fred
Published: June 2015

This study intends to contribute to the ongoing discussion on whether land use and land cover changes (LULC) or climate trends have the major influence on the observed increase of flood magnitudes in the Sahel. A simulation-based approach is used for attributing the observed trends to the postulated drivers. For this purpose, the ecohydrological model SWIM (Soil and Water Integrated Model) with a new, dynamic LULC module was set up for the Sahelian part of the Niger River until Niamey, including the main tributaries Sirba and Goroul. The model was driven with observed, reanalyzed climate and LULC data for the years 1950–2009. In order to quantify the shares of influence, one simulation was carried out with constant land cover as of 1950, and one including LULC. As quantitative measure, the gradients of the simulated trends were compared to the observed trend. The modeling studies showed that for the Sirba River only the simulation which included LULC was able to reproduce the observed trend. The simulation without LULC showed a positive trend for flood magnitudes, but underestimated the trend significantly. For the Goroul River and the local flood of the Niger River at Niamey, the simulations were only partly able to reproduce the observed trend. In conclusion, the new LULC module enabled some first quantitative insights into the relative influence of LULC and climatic changes. For the Sirba catchment, the results imply that LULC and climatic changes contribute in roughly equal shares to the observed increase in flooding. For the other parts of the subcatchment, the results are less clear but show, that climatic changes and LULC are drivers for the flood increase; however their shares cannot be quantified. Based on these modeling results, we argue for a two-pillar adaptation strategy to reduce current and future flood risk: Flood mitigation for reducing LULC-induced flood increase, and flood adaptation for a general reduction of flood vulnerability.
Quelques formes structurales dans les complexes anorogéniques tertiaires du Nord-Ouest britannique (About structural landforms in the tertiary plutons of the british NW)
Authors: Le Cœur Charles
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Les formes d'échelle moyenne dans les complexes anorogéniques du Nord-Ouest britannique résultent de l'érosion différentielle dans des masses intrusives concentriques. Aux formes classiques d'escarpements d'érosion entre des unités lithologiques juxtaposées s'ajoutent des formes taillées dans des structures superposées : dans les plutons granitiques annulaires, les niveaux résistants, disposés en coupoles emboîtées, peuvent armer des reliefs tabulaires et des crêtes dissymétriques ; dans les complexes basiques, les variations de résistance dans les séries intrusives litées sont à l'origine d'escarpements monoclinaux.
Fracturation et étagement des surfaces d'érosion dans un socle: l'exemple de Millas (Pyrénées-Orientales) (Faulting and stepped topography in the Millas pluton, eastern Pyrenees)
Authors: Lagasquie J. J.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - This paper deals with the recurrent problem of the role of differential erosion and recent tectonism as regards to the individualization of the major scarps. The new approach, which is here propounded, consists in the comparison between the geometry of the main morphostructural features and the chronology of faulting in this recent mountain range.
Mutations industrielles et migrations de population active en Europe occidentale et aux Etats-Unis (Technological changes and migrations in western Europe and U.S.A.)
Authors: Dezert Bernard
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - En raison des mutations technologiques, parcs industriels et technopoles s'établissent autour des métropoles et dans les villes nouvelles. Ingénieurs et cadres émigrent vers ces nouvelles régions dynamiques (en particulier les «sun-belts»). Dans les anciennes régions industrielles les ouvriers non qualifiés restent en majorité sur place, bien que la plupart immigrés, et certains créent des entreprises. Des techniciens et cadres européens émigrent temporairement vers des pays en voie d'industrialisation.
T.G.V. Nord et aménagement du territoire. Enjeux, contraintes et stratégies (The northern T.G.V. and national planning)
Authors: Metton Alain
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Les perspectives d'aménagement du territoire ont largement retenu l'attention de la Commission chargée en 1987 de proposer un tracé pour le T. G. V. Nord. Ces préoccupations d'aménagement se sont situées à diverses échelles; prise en considération du nouvel espace européen raccourci par les gains de temps, restruction du réseau de transport dans le Nord de la France au regard des flux attendus de Grande-Bretagne et du Bénélux, développement des pôles urbains par la greffe de puissants centres d'activités tertiaires. Les aspects européens, français, régionaux, voire urbains de l'aménagement, interfèrent dans des options confrontées par ailleurs à des contraintes diverses, tenant au coût des projets, à la préservation de l'environnement, aux souhaits de rentabilité des compagnies de transports. Face à ces problèmes complexes, aux données parfois contradictoires, les choix reflètent également la stratégie des acteurs, en particulier au niveau de la défense des intérêts régionaux.
Autoroutes à péage ou voies express pour l'Ouest ? (Toll motorways or trunk roads for the West France ?)
Authors: Le Rhun Pierre-Yves
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - En 1987 le gouvernement a décidé de relier l'Ouest au réseau autoroutier français. Mais le fait de choisir des autoroutes à péage plutôt que des voies express est une solution inadaptée à une région périphérique.
Recherches sur les jardins et parcs dans les pays de la Loire moyenne (The gardens and parks of the mid Loire areas)
Authors: Perrin René
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Dans le cadre d'une étude réalisée pour le compte d'une administration, une méthode d'inventaire des parcs et jardins a été mise au point. Appliquée à la partie du Blésois et de la Touraine axée sur la Vallée de la Loire, elle a révélé l'existence d'un riche patrimoine de jardins de formes variées, s' échelonnant de la Renaissance à la première moitié du vingtième siècle.
Pas de parcs pour Paris ? (No parks for Paris ?)
Authors: Debie Franck
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - Why is it impossible to find in Paris parks like the Tiergarten in Berlin, Central Park or Hyde Park ? Because of the congestion of urban structures inside the fortifications ? No. The present parks originated everywhere in palace gardens or hunting forests of the 17th or 18th monarchs. This is why Paris has as many parks and greenery as London, but located to the West, around Versailles.
Les Walser. Migration d'un peuple, façonnement et pérennité d'un paysage (The Walser minority)
Authors: Rougier Henri
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Etablis à l'origine en Val de Conches, les Walser, peuple de paysans montagnards, se livrèrent à partir du haut Moyen Age à une migration qui s'étendit sur la majeure partie des Alpes centrales. Ce mouvement, unique dans l'histoire de la chaîne, trouve ses racines autant dans la surpopulation du berceau originel que dans l'appel des seigneurs. Le paysage walser se singularise depuis plus de sept siècles par son habitat dispersé en rapport avec l'économie pastorale et les contraintes du milieu naturel. C'est avant tout dans le canton suisse des Grisons que se rencontrent la plupart des Walser.
Cellules étrangères dans la France de l'Ouest (Small foreign minorities in western France)
Authors: Bertrand Jean-René
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Cet article étudie les petites minorités italiennes et belges de la France de l'Ouest, et leurs stratégies au sein de la population française dans laquelle elles sont enclavées ou dispersées.
Bilan et perspectives d'une opération d'encadrement paysan dans la région de la Kara (Togo) (A study of peasant support in the Kara valley, Togo)
Authors: Akibodé A.K.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - This paper presents a case study of a planified intervention in a rural area in the region of Kara (Togo). It studies firstly its demographic reasons, the settlement of the migrants (from the Kabyè mountain) and the results : increase in yields and production, self-sufficiency in agricultural products. However accurate problems are now posed by the end of the technical and financial support of the F.E.D., and the question of land ownership between the natives and the migrants.
Relations centre-périphérie et évolution du marché du logement en Ile-de-France (Relations between city center and periphery, and the evolution of the housing market in Ile-de-France)
Authors: Steinberg Jean
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Le problème du logement révèle les dysfonctionnements d'une grande région urbaine telle que celle de Paris. Les zones centrales sont caractérisées par la pénurie et la surchauffe foncière en raison du manque de terrains et de la compétition pour l'usage du sol. Elles vieillissent ou se dépeuplent. Quant aux périphéries, elles accueillent de moins en moins d'émigrants venus du centre, notamment de familles modestes. La mobilisation des potentialités de la proche banlieue constitue une des seules solutions possibles : densification du tissu existant, rénovation et réhabilitation urbaines. Pour ce faire, une politique d'urbanisme cohérente s'impose au niveau régional et pluricommunal.
Les centres d'affaires dans les banlieues américaines (Suburban business centers in the United States)
Authors: Boquet Yves
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - De plus en plus, les entreprises américaines installent leurs bureaux dans des «minicités» de banlieue. Il en résulte une profonde transformation de la structure interne des agglomérations américaines. Cette tendance à la «Los Angelization» de l'espace urbain américain est tout à fait visible autour de Washington.
Les mutations et leur logique dans les vallées textiles de Haute-Alsace (Textile valleys in Haute Alsace, the logics of changes)
Authors: Klethi Jean-Roch , Kocher André
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - The manner of development of the textile industry in the valleys of Haute-Alsace is at the heart of the specific territorial organization of each valley. This heritage places them nowadays in unequal position to manage the space changes brought on by the contraction of this high labour industry. Nevertheless, two movements bring them thogether : a displacement of the economic forces towards the entry of the valleys the mobilization and development of local initiatives.
Matériel de mouture et polissoirs trouvés à Maulde (Nord)
Authors: Debersée Marc , Leduc M. , Piningre Jean-François
Published: June 2015

L'étude de 22 meules fragmentées, de 7 broyeurs, de 4 polissoirs et de 1 percuteur découverts amassés dans une fosse montre un ensemble d'objets à différents stades d'utilisation. Quelques fragments de céramique d'allure néolithique et un grattoir retrouvés dans ce contexte, ne permettent pas d'en préciser le faciès culturel. Les raisons de ce dépôt original et de la fracturation de ces pièces sont difficilement explicables et pourraient correspondre à un dépotoir de matériel hors d'usage ou être mises en relations avec un rite d'abandon du site.
Les temps de l'industrie et les temps de l'agriculture. Logique d'une analyse régionale de la proto-industrialisation
Authors: Mendels Franklin
Published: June 2015

C'est à l'intérieur de la région que se trouvaient réunis les principaux ingrédients de l'industrialisation lors de ses débuts. En effet, la région était l'espace dans lequel les rythmes propres à l'agriculture et à l'industrie pouvaient s'enchevêtrer dans la mesure où le travail industriel venait s'intercaler dans le cycle saisonnier exigé par ia production agricole. Ainsi, la coexistence au sein d'une région de zones contrastées possédant des équilibres écologiques différents était mutuellement profitable. En ce qui concerne le développement économique, c'était un équilibre intra-régional entre petite et grande agriculture, entre industrie et agriculture, entre fortes et faibles densités démographiques, et entre ville et campagne, qui offrait les meilleures chances de succès.
Un modèle à l'épreuve, le développement industriel de Roubaix de 1762 à la fin du XIXème siècle
Authors: Deyon Pierre
Published: June 2015

C'est la Révolution qui libéra Roubaix des entraves commerciales qui gênaient le développement de sa manufacture. Celle-ci fut pendant la première moitié du XIXème fondée sur l'association de la filature mécanique concentrée et du tissage à domicile. Cette persistance proto-industrielle explique certains aspects originaux de la démographie et de la vie urbaine. Les archives du tribunal des prudhommes éclairent d'un jour nouveau l'histoire des relations de travail et l'organisation du putting out system.
Démographie et industrialisation : le modèle verviétois (1800-1850)
Authors: Desama Claude
Published: June 2015

Verviers, seat of a model industrial revolution, owns exceptional demographic sources wihch allow to study, in the best possible manner, the relations between demographic growth and industrialization.

The analysis of population structures bring out the leading role played by immigration as opposed to natural factors, and its close relation with the rhythm of industrialization.

The unbalance existing between the volume of migrations and the short-term needs in manpower bring forth an aggravation of under-employment.

Yet, the very structures of active population make it more capable of adapting itself to changes occurring in the production organization and to the apparition of a ternary sector.
Les industries lilloises et la crise économique de 1826 à 1832
Authors: Engrand Charles
Published: June 2015

Van 1826 tot 1832 was de Rijselse industrie, op dat ogenblik vooral katoenspinnerijen en vlastwijnderijen, het sclachtoffer van een scherpe crisis. Deze crisis werd aanvankelijk veroorzaakt door speculatie op de grondstoffen en overinvestering in de nog junge katoenindustrie en breidde zich snel uit naar aile sectoren wegens een verhoging van de graanprijzen. Zij kende een heropleving in 1830 toen het krediet ineenstorte na de politieke beroering van de Julirevolutie en werd nog erger met een nieuwe duurte van de granen. Voor de Rijselse arbeiders betekende dit ailes een verlaging van de lonen, werkloosheid en een grote vooruitgang van het paupérisme. Vele ondernemers werden gedwongen onvermijdelijke industriele veranderingen door te voeren voor de heropleving van het ekonomische leven en voor nieuwe vooruitgang.
GerOSS (German Obstetric Surveillance System)
Authors: Grüßner S. , Lack N. , Franz H. B. G. , Berlage S.
Published: June 2015

Background: Severe and very rare obstetric complications (e.g. eclampsia, postpartum haemorrhage or uterine rupture), typically culminate in a chaotic, uncontrollable sequence of events. Outcome for mother and child depends on whether doctors and midwives are able to quickly take correct decisions and initiate optimal treatment.

Objectives: GerOSS (German Obstetric Surveillance System) aims at generating deeper insight into relevant risk factors to improve diagnosis and treatment of severe complications during pregnancy and delivery. As such it is primarily conceived as a system for quality improvement and less as a register. Another focus is the provision of an information and communication platform for dissemination of these insights. Finally, incidences of selected rare obstetric events may be derived.

Methods: These rare events are monitored for two to five years in Lower Saxony, Bavaria and Berlin. Quantitative analyses of aggregate data are complemented with in depth case based anonymised evaluations by experts. The temporal sequence of measures taken as well as the management of care is inspected. Participants receive a feedback of comments on the synopsis of individual cases. Aggregate data results are published and made available through the GerOSS platform. A scientific advisory committee ensures the link with the professional scientific bodies. A comparison within INOSS (International Network of Obstetric Survey Systems) allows additional insights into the treatment of obstetric rare diseases and complications. More reliable estimates of the incidence of such events can be computed and compared within a larger database.

Results: Following the implementation in three federal states in Germany in 2010, participation in GerOSS-Project has increased to 100% of all hospitals with a delivery unit in Lower Saxony, 30% in Bavaria and 80% in Berlin. Feasibility of the project is shown by successful implementation of GerOSS. Quantitative analyses enable construction of risk profiles (e.g. for the prevalence of hysterectomies and uterine ruptures) such that tailored treatment algorithms may be derived. Age, body mass index and previous caesarean section are common risk factors when complications occur. Respective recommendations have not always been adhered to in the diagnosis and therapy of such cases. The presentation of initial GerOSS results has paved the path for first changes in obstetric care.

Conclusions: The envisaged expansion of GerOSS to an interactive platform will allow dissemination of insights such that optimal obstetric care and transferal among all involved medical facilities may see future enhancements via the internet or even through smartphone applications.
Jung fils de sa mère, par nécessité ?
Authors: Allain-Dupré Brigitte
Published: June 2015

L’auteur développe la notion de filiation dans une approche de transmission maternelle, au contraire de la notion paternelle véhiculée par la théorie freudienne. Prenant comme support l’accès à l’identité du jeune Carl Gustav Jung à travers les premiers chapitres de Ma vie , l’auteur pose l’hypothèse qu’envahie par la dépression maternelle, la psyché du jeune enfant crée un contenant symbolique qui tiendrait à l’abri des secrets non partagés et non partageables avec les parents, en particulier avec la mère. Ce contenant, comme l’appareil à penser de Bion, soutient la « différenciation intellectuelle de la conscience » qui en serait l’équivalent jungien.
Un enfant terrifiant
Authors: Pilyser Ève
Published: June 2015

À travers une relecture du mythe et du complexe d’Œdipe, j’interroge le complexe contre-œdipien parental à l’œuvre dans certaines configurations familiales et les effets de projections qu’il peut induire à l’intérieur d’une inversion générationnelle massive. J’en dégage le statut de ce que je nomme l’enfant terrifiant en lien, bien que différencié, avec l’enfant maltraité et avec l’enfant incesté. Ceci, sous l’éclairage clinique d’un travail psychothérapeutique avec un enfant accompagné jusqu’à son entrée dans l’adolescence.
La relativité de l'identité masculine et de la paternité
Authors: Zoja Luigi
Published: June 2015

Les jeunes gens violents des ghettos d’Amérique du Nord, les toxicomanes sans espoir d’Amérique Latine, les adolescents suicidaires français, les lanceurs de pierres des passerelles d’autoroutes italiennes ont quelque chose en commun : l’absence des pères. À la différence de la maternité, la paternité est un fait presque exclusivement culturel qui semble émerger avec la famille monogamique. À la différence de la maternité qui existe depuis toujours dans l’échelle évolutive zoologique, la paternité est une adaptation récente, encore incertaine et précaire. Ceci signifie qu’elle est enseignée à nouveau à chaque génération, sinon, elle se perd. Les grandes figures mythiques de l’antiquité classique, Hector, Ulysse, Enée, peuvent être considérées comme des résumés de l’affirmation du père, qui à cette époque frise l’omnipotence et s’offre comme socle de l’affirmation en Occident. Puis, l’industrialisation, les guerres mondiales déplacent les pères toujours plus loin. À leur tour, les « pères terribles » les dictateurs du XX e siècle, accélèrent la disparition du père en tant que symbole. La multiplication vertigineuse des divorces en renforce les statistiques. Les jeunes apprennent les uns des autres l’entrée dans l’âge adulte et dans la société : c’est comme s’ils avaient honte de faire recours à l’expérience du père, même si, en privé, ils disent souvent éprouver une profonde nostalgie à son égard.
De l’inconfort à être une psychanalyste jungienne juive
Authors: Wiener Jan , Hainsworth Karen
Published: June 2015

Cette conférence a d’abord été donnée au colloque sur l’Histoire du National-Socialisme à Munich, et plus tard en Israël. Il traite des difficultés pour une Juive, formée comme analyste à Londres, à remettre en question les idées antisémites de Jung, telles qu’il les exprime dans ses écrits des années 30.
Le temps, l’intemporel et l’histoire
Authors: Gaillard Christian
Published: June 2015

Cet article présente et discute le livre de Angeliki Yiassemides intitulé Time and Timelesness . Temporality in the Theory of Carl Jung (London and New York, Routledge, 2014). L’auteur développe sa discussion en revenant à la dynamique interne et chronologique de l’œuvre de Jung pour montrer comment la prise en compte et la mise en perspective de notre histoire collective s’ouvrent en tiers entre la temporalité de nos vies ordinaires et l’intemporalité qui serait le fait de l’inconscient, et comment, de là, se posent les questions de l’héritage et de l’éthique.
La filiation plurielle, une complexité moderne ?
Authors: Mignet Mariette
Published: June 2015

Face aux multiples interrogations que posent les nouvelles filiations nées des changements scientifiques et sociaux, nous sommes devant l’inconnu. En déconnectant le mariage et la filiation, la sexualité et l’engendrement, l’identité et le corps physiologique, la société se complexifie de plus en plus. Change-t-elle de repères ? Comment les individus se positionnent-ils ? La psychanalyse, en particulier celle de Jung, peut-elle appréhender cette complexité moderne qu’est la filiation plurielle auprès des analysants en quête de sens ? Ce travail a pour but d’ouvrir des réflexions, les réponses sont dans l’à-venir.
La démocratie aujourd’hui est sauvage et constituante
Authors: Negri Antonio , Sánchez Cedillo Raúl , Gallot Margot
Published: June 2015

L’exemple espagnol de Podemos montre comment sortir positivement des limites de l’horizontalité du mouvement, à la fois si riche et infructueuse, et comment agencer un geste politique d’autoconstitution, d’organisation et de représentation. Ce passage de l’horizontalité à la verticalité, de l’agitation et de la résistance du mouvement vers le travail de gouvernement pose non seulement des questions de spatialité, mais surtout des questions de temporalité, de durée. L’important passe par la (re)création d’un flux de mouvement politique, un système ouvert de gouvernance depuis le bas qui maintient unis mouvement et gouvernement – par le débat constituant constant et par une extension de ce débat aux citoyens.
Penser le sécularisme
Authors: Asad Talal , Amer Meziane Mohamed
Published: June 2015

Ce texte, écrit à la suite des attentats du 11 septembre 2001, tente de redéfinir les notions de laïcité et de sécularisme en marge des grands récits de sécularisation. La modernité laïque n’est ni la simple séparation du politique et du religieux, ni ce qui reste lorsque la religion décline ou s’efface. Dès lors que le concept de « religion » renvoie lui-même à une construction historique qui diffère selon les espaces politiques, l’on doit affirmer que la modernité laïque est la production d’un nouveau partage entre le religieux et le politique, d’une redéfinition de ce qu’est censé être la « religion » et, avec elle, l’éthique et la politique. Le texte discute ensuite le libéralisme politique de Charles Taylor de façon critique. L’unité de la modernité politique n’est pas factuelle, c’est l’unité d’un projet moderne : elle a un but politique dont l’hégémonie se lit dans le fait que les peuples extra-européens sont perpétuellement invités à s’y mesurer. Cette analyse dessine enfin la voie d’une anthropologie du sécularisme défini comme une doctrine qui cherche à émanciper la sphère publique d’un religieux oppressif, mais aussi et surtout comme une forme de vie laïque : un ensemble d’attitudes spécifiques, un certain rapport au corps et à la souffrance ainsi qu’un modèle de subjectivité.
Le mérite une approche conceptuelle
Authors: Michaud Yves
Published: June 2015

Résumé L’idée de mérite renvoie à la valeur et à la reconnaissance qui peut être accordée à une personne en fonction de ses qualités et de celles de ses actions. Elle se rattache historiquement et conceptuellement, en amont, à la notion de vertu (disposition durable à agir bien) et, en aval, à celle de performance (réussir de manière mesurable dans une tâche). La vertu est constitutive de la personne dans un monde humain fait d’êtres différents. La performance est, elle, détachable de la personne dans un monde d’individus. La notion de mérite est donc en porte‑à‑faux puisque le mérite appartient aux individus mais pas complètement. Ce qui complique encore la situation, c’est l’intervention dans les sociétés démocratiques des paramètres de l’égalité, de la justice, et, maintenant, de la différence, les individus étant par principe égaux et devant être traités avec justice, bien qu’ils soient différents. Cette situation conceptuelle compliquée explique les controverses et doutes sur la méritocratie.
Determinants of Convergence and Disparities in Europe
Authors: Cornett Andreas P. , Sørensen Nils Karl
Published: June 2015

Innovation and entrepreneurship are key factors in current regional development initiatives, derived from the concepts of new economic growth theory. The aim of this chapter is to combine an assessment of innovative and entrepreneurial performance with the spatial distribution and functional linkages of certain types of economic clusters. The hypothesis is that clustered regions with high entrepreneurial and innovative performance have higher growth than non-innovative/entrepreneurial regions or regions with a more scattered economic structure. The clustering and in some cases even the polarization of economic activities in metropolitan regions can lead to excess growth and contribute to a process of convergence between nations but will also turn regional economic divergence back on the national economic development agenda.
Understanding Actual Socio-Economic Behavior as a Source of Competitive Advantage
Authors: Hernandez P. , Martínez-Molés V. , Vila J.
Published: June 2015

This chapter illustrates the potentiality of the application of experimental-behavioral methods to gain global competitive advantages based in the anticipated measurement of how consumers and citizens would behave when exposed to specific innovation actions to be implemented by an organization. To this end, the chapter presents a brief background of the experimental-behavioral economics approach as an application of the experimental-scientific paradigm to study socio-economic behavior, highlighting its main differential features (use of economic monetary incentives, non-deception, and anonymity). After a discussion of the internal and external validity of this methodology and its ethical implications, the chapter presents specific examples of its application in both industry (framing management and measurement of the added value generated by alternative designs of an innovative product) and government (optimal design of new public programs and policies).
Beyond the Obvious
Authors: Pinheiro Rómulo , Benneworth Paul , Jones Glen A.
Published: June 2015

There is a general tendency amongst policy and certain academic circles to assume that universities are simple strategic actors capable and willing to respond to a well-articulated set of regional demands. In reality, however, universities are extremely complex organizations that operate in highly institutionalized environments and are susceptible to regulative shifts, resource dependencies, and fluctuations in student numbers. Understanding universities' contributions—and capacities to contribute—to regional development and innovation requires understanding these internal dynamics and how they interact with external environmental agents. Based on a comparative study across various national settings and regional contexts, the chapter highlights the types of tensions and volitions that universities face while attempting to fulfil their “third mission.” Building upon the existing literature and novel empirical insights, the chapter advances a new conceptual model for opening the “black box” of the university-region interface and disentangling the impacts of purposive, political efforts to change universities' internal fabrics and to institutionalize the regional mission.
Strategic Challenges of the Portuguese Automotive Industry
Authors: Moreira António , Soares de Carvalho Ana Carolina
Published: June 2015

The main objective of this chapter is to define a set of strategic lines, from the public policy point of view, so that Portuguese suppliers of the auto industry can deploy a strategic alignment throughout the supply chain in order to position themselves as potential suppliers of the global sourcing strategy of their Iberian Peninsula clients. The characterization of the auto industry in Portugal and Spain is undertaken, framing the perspective of this industry and proposing the strategic guidelines for the Portuguese auto components industry to supply the Iberian market. The study supports a synergistic strategy between the Portuguese auto components industry and the Spanish automotive industry in order to increase the Portuguese incorporation in downstream activities of the supply chain. Portuguese auto components suppliers should adopt international relational strategies throughout the value chain in order to source their Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) clients and to reinforce their position as global suppliers. The strategy involves the consolidation of the Portuguese automotive cluster as global suppliers through specialization.