bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social work self-care education informed during the pandemic: Experience, reflection, and suggestion
Authors: Wang Xiaoran , Zhang Yiwei
Published: July 2022

During the coronavirus pandemic, self-care practice was more than ever underscored for social work students as they have encountered increasing stress in their personal life, schoolwork, and professional practice. These stressors have been interweaved with social problems, further increasing the pressure on them. For social work educators, this situation highlights the necessity of developing students’ self-care competency. This brief note reflects upon the challenges we face in integrating self-care components in social policy courses since the outbreak of the pandemic and suggests that social work self-care education can be broadened in terms of purpose, scope, and content in the future.
Interstate Conflict Can Reduce Support for Incumbents: Evidence from the Israeli Electorate and the Yom Kippur War
Authors: Getmansky Anna , Weiss Chagai M.
Published: July 2022

Does war affect support for incumbent leaders and parties? The literature is divided with studies reporting negative, positive, or null-effects. Many studies analyze the consequences of foreign intervention, and less is known about the political costs of wars fought close to home. Building on theories of retrospective voting, we theorize that wars inform voters about leader’s competence, and in turn affect mass attitudes and behaviors. Leveraging the unexpected onset of the 1973 Yom Kippur war which interrupted an ongoing Israeli public opinion poll, and voting records from four national elections linked with Israeli military fatality data, we demonstrate that despite the ultimate military victory, the war and its casualties reduced support for incumbent parties and leaders, and increased support for the opposition. By moving beyond foreign interventions, we provide strong evidence that wars over a country’s core territory can be politically costly for incumbent leaders and parties.
Design and testing of the safety of the SARUS-CPR hood for novice resuscitators
Authors: Wasik P. , McLeod G. A. , Mountain R. , Watts S. , Briggs H. , Maini N. , Belford I. , McGuire B. , Brown W. , Clark R. , Eley I , Richardson E. , Stonebridge P.
Published: July 2022

Background and aims

Bystanders should be protected against aerosols, droplets, saliva, blood and vomitus during resuscitation after cardiac arrest The SARUS (safer - airway - resuscitation) CPR airway hood™ is a clear plastic cover and integrated mask that envelopes the head and torso. Our objectives were to test leakage using saline aerosol generation tests, then assess the performance of the hood during mock cardio-pulmonary resuscitation on a manikin.

Methods

A checklist was validated by comparing the performance of 10 novices against 10 experts during mock resuscitation. Thereafter, 15 novices were tested with and without the hood, in a randomised cross-over study, one week apart.

Results

Laboratory analysis showed a > 99% reduction of saline particles detected 5 cm, 75 cm and 165 cm above volunteers wearing the hood. On manikins, experts scored better compared to novices, 8.5 (0.7) vs 7.6 (1.2), difference (95%CI) 0.9 (0.4–1.3), P = 0.0004. Novice performance was equivalent using the hood and standard equipment, 7.3 (1.4) vs 7.3 (1.1) respectively, difference (90%CI) 0.0 (−0.3 - 0.3), P = 0.90.

Conclusion

Aerosol transmission reduced in the breathing zone. Simulated resuscitation by novices was equivalent with and without the hood.
Unicorns and Blessings: Supporting Culturally Diverse Twice-Exceptional Learners Through Learning Lab
Authors: Bal Aydin , Jackson Dia , Mayes Renae D. , Powell Freddrick
Published: July 2022

Twice exceptional (2e) students are students who are both gifted and have a disability. At the intersection of exceptionality and race, twice exceptional students from racially minoritized communities may experience behavioral difficulties in schools. In this article, we provide information for educators as well as school and district administrators about the unique challenges and possibilities in teaching 2e students of color. We offer a research-based collective problem-solving process, Learning Lab, that brings together practitioners, students, school and district leaders, families, and community members, especially those who have been excluded from schools’ decision-making activities. Learning Lab members engage in root cause analyses, map out their existing behavioral support system, and design a culturally responsive school wide behavioral support model in response to experiences, resources, needs, and goals of 2e students and their school contexts. In Learning Labs, the local school community has power in determining the future of their school. Practitioners, students, family and community members’ diverse histories and interests are utilized to develop just, effective, and gifted schools for all.
Do cities enable caring-with men? An ordinary politics of urban care
Authors: Canoy Nico
Published: July 2022

This critical commentary unpacks the promise of care-full and just cities, and how men are understood as subjects of urban care. Overall, my discussion offers a generative space that forwards the situated practices of caring-with men as ordinary politics in order to fully realise the promise of a city for everyone. The main body is divided into three sections. The first section revisits the concept of care-full cities as an alternative vision of the city grounded in feminist ethics of care and justice. Here I aim to expand the discussion on men as subjects of urban care to consider the diverse performances of masculinities in relation to economic conditions, social meanings, and cultural norms which structure spaces and subjectivities of care giving/-receiving. In the second section, I conceptualise caring-with men as ordinary politics shaping the contested relations and place-making practices in the city. Here I highlight that caring-with involves transversal logics and heterogenous politics that enrich how care as a cultural value and everyday practice can be embodied, reinforced, or even neglected among certain groups of men. The last section provides a synthesis and several key reflections on the (im)possibilities of caring-with men in culturally diverse cities. The situated understandings of care giving/-receiving amongst men in the city inspire crosscurrents and interdisciplinary synthesis across bodies of work in urban studies, feminist care geographies and gender/sexuality studies. In conclusion, caring-with men as ordinary politics is a step towards encouraging situated and comparative inquiries through consolidating a hybrid praxis of global urban masculinities.
The Struggle for Land in the Eastern Amazon
Authors: Pereira Airton dos Reis
Published: July 2022

Beginning in the second half of the 1960s, the development model that Brazilian governments envisioned for the Amazon was based on large landholdings and the massive transfer of public resources to numerous large rural landowners and private national and foreign companies based in the south-central regions of Brazil. Large tracts of land were destined for the exploitation of natural resources (wood, minerals, etc.) but above all for cattle raising. However, workers’ struggle for land, with the occupation of unproductive properties and conflict but also solidarity, collective work, and mutual exchanges, produced initiatives that made possible another form of land tenure and use in the region, one that was diversified and more sustainable.

A partir da segunda metade da década de 1960, o modelo de desenvolvimento, concebido pelos governos do Brasil para a Amazônia, foi pautado na grande propriedade da terra e na transferência massiva de recursos públicos a inúmeros grandes proprietários rurais e empresas privadas nacionais e estrangeiras sediadas no Centro-Sul do Brasil. Grandes extensões de terra foram destinadas não só à exploração dos recursos naturais (madeiras, minérios etc.), mas sobretudo à criação de gado bovino. Mas a luta dos trabalhadores pela terra por meio de suas experiências localizadas de ocupações de imóveis improdutivos, contestação e embates, mas também de solidariedade entre si, de trabalhos coletivos e trocas mútuas, puderam experimentar iniciativas que possibilitaram uma outra forma de posse e de uso da terra na região: diversificada e mais sustentável.
Speak Up! Mistaken Beliefs About How Much to Talk in Conversations
Authors: Hirschi Quinn , Wilson Timothy D. , Gilbert Daniel T.
Published: July 2022

We hypothesized that people would exhibit a reticence bias, the incorrect belief that they will be more likable if they speak less than half the time in a conversation with a stranger, as well as halo ignorance, the belief that their speaking time should depend on their goal (e.g., to be liked vs. to be found interesting), when in fact, perceivers form global impressions of each other. In Studies 1 and 2, participants forecasted they should speak less than half the time when trying to be liked, but significantly more when trying to be interesting. In Study 3, we tested the accuracy of these forecasts by randomly assigning participants to speak for 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, or 70% of the time in a dyadic conversation. Contrary to people’s forecasts, they were more likable the more they spoke, and their partners formed global rather than differentiated impressions.
Do Agency and Communion Explain the Relationship Between Perceiver and Target Effects in Interpersonal Perception? A Meta-Analysis on Generalized Reciprocity
Authors: Schauf Titus , Dufner Michael , Nestler Steffen , Rau Richard
Published: July 2022

This meta-analysis examines generalized reciprocity, that is, the relationship between how people perceive others and how they are perceived by others. It tests the hypothesis that generalized reciprocity varies as a function of the content domain under investigation. Generalized reciprocity for attributes with primarily communal content (e.g., friendliness) was hypothesized to be more positive than generalized reciprocity for attributes with primarily agentic content (e.g., assertiveness). Sixty-four primary studies reporting correlations between perceiver and target effects with a total number of 17,561 participants were included in the analysis. Results of a multilevel meta-analytical random effects model showed that reciprocity correlations were slightly negative, but around zero, for primarily agentic attributes ( r = −.05) and became more positive with increasing communal content (up to r = .18 for primarily communal attributes). Generalized reciprocity thus varied depending on the extent to which the regarded attribute is agentic versus communal.
Modelling the effect of perceived organisational policies on knowledge management in libraries: Focus on the moderating role of transformational leadership and professional commitment
Authors: Kaffashan Kakhki Mojtaba , Malakooti Asl Nargess , Namdar Joyame Ehsan
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of perceived organisational policies (POPs) on knowledge management (KM) with regard to the moderating role of transformational leadership (TL) and librarians’ professional commitment. The study was conducted in three stages. First, the research moderating variables were chosen through an explorative study and surveying the librarians. Following the design of the theoretical model, the Delphi method was employed to validate it. Finally, the model was tested with a sample of 205 librarians working at Iranian state universities. To examine the causal relationships between the research instrument variables, the structural equation modelling technique and Smart PLS software were used. The results of the study revealed that POP was moderated through TL and the librarians’ professional commitment and affected the processes of knowledge acquisition and identification, knowledge generation and sharing, and knowledge application. The results, further, confirmed the strong effect of POP on professional commitment and the effect of TL on KM. The findings indicate that moderating the negative effects of POP in academic libraries could pave the way for the improvement of librarians’ job performance. To date, no empirical investigations have examined the effect of POP on KM in libraries with regard to the moderating role of TL and the librarians’ professional commitment. This study is assumed to fill this gap.
Development and Validation of the Adaptive Schema Questionnaire
Authors: Jain Anjali , Singh Kamlesh
Published: July 2022

Background:

Schemas help with the organization and interpretation of information. Adaptive schemas indicate positive predisposing thinking patterns in an individual. This study aimed to develop a psychometrically robust tool to assess adaptive schema in a nonclinical sample.

Method:

This research comprises two independent studies. Study I was multiphased. In Phase I ( n = 70), 36 open-ended items were generated following the Young schema therapy model and qualitatively analyzed. This facilitated the generation of 144 items in Phase II ( n = 152) which were evaluated for content validity and subjected to rigorous item analysis. Exploratory factor analysis was performed in Phase III ( n = 751). Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted in Study II ( n = 244).

Results:

Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a six-factor solution comprising 25 items. These factors correspond to the six adaptive themes, namely, adequate, secured, self-reliant/autonomous, resistant, successful, and self-assured. The newly developed Adaptive Schema Questionnaire demonstrated adequate reliability (α = 0.86). Significant correlations between the obtained factors and Early Maladaptive Schemas, depression, big five personality factors, and positive and negative effects established the concurrent validity. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated acceptable goodness of fit for the obtained model.

Conclusion:

The developed Adaptive Schema Questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument with promising utility in psychotherapy and research context.
Dynamic assessment of coronary artery during different cardiac cycle in patients with coronary artery disease using coronary CT angiography
Authors: Li Jia-li , Zhou Jin-rong , Tan Pan , Chen Jing
Published: July 2022

Introduction

To evaluate the effect of the cardiac cycle for the coronary artery opening and coronary stenosis at the plaque to determine the phase of measuring maximum diameters required for coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods

This retrospective study assessed data for 208 consecutive patients who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA). The cross-sectional area and diameters of the opening of the left main coronary artery (LM), left anterior descending branch (LAD), left circumflex branch (LCX) and right coronary artery (RCA), the stenosis rate of involved vessels were measured in 10 cardiac cycles. And all their dynamic changes were estimated by the linear mixed model. The relationship between stenosis rate and opening orifice were analyzed by monofactorial variance.

Results

The opening parameters and stenosis rate of the four main coronary arteries varied within the cardiac cycle ( p < .05). The maximum opening area occurred at the 45%–55% phase; The range of stenosis rate varied approximately 11%–14% and the maximum stenosis rate was at the 65% phase. The degree of vascular stenosis for LM, LAD and LCX were not associated with their corresponding opening diameters, but were positively intercorrelation with each other.

Conclusion

For patients with CAD, the maximum coronary artery stenosis rate were at 65% phase and the maximum value of coronary artery opening were at 45%–55% phase, which were chosen for the appropriate measurement and evaluation by CTA.
The correlation between non-O blood group type and recurrent catheter-associated urinary tract infections in critically ill patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Sulaiman Khalid Al , Al Qahtani Nouf , Al Muqrin Mashael , Al Dossari Maram , Al Wabel Ali , Al Sulaiman Tareq , Vishwakarma Ramesh , Alolayan Abdulaziz , Abudayah Fatimah , Korayem Ghazwa B. , Aljuhani Ohoud
Published: July 2022

Objective

To investigate the correlation between the ABO blood group and the risk of recurrent catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTI) and multi-drug resistant (MDR) organism reinfection in the critically ill.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study enrolled adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with confirmed CA-UTI to investigate the correlation between ABO type and the susceptibility to recurrent, reinfection and MDR reinfection. Patients were classified into two groups based on ABO type (O blood group versus non-O blood group).

Results

A total of 81 patients were included in the study: 37 in the O blood group and 44 in the non-O blood group. Patients in the O blood group were associated with significantly lower odds of recurrent CA-UTI (adjusted odds ratio 0.28; 95% confidence interval 0.08, 0.95), a shorter ICU length of stay (LOS) (estimate [SE] –0.24 [0.05]), hospital LOS (estimate [SE] –0.15 [0.03]) and mechanical ventilation duration (estimate [SE] –0.41 [0.07]) compared with the non-O blood group type.

Conclusion

Non-O blood group type might be a risk factor for recurrent CA-UTI and infection with MDR organism.
Autosomal dominant hypocalcemia with a novel CASR mutation: a case study and literature review
Authors: Wu Yingying , Zhang Chao , Huang Xiaojun , Cao Li , Liu Shihua , Zhong Ping
Published: July 2022

Autosomal dominant hypocalcemia type 1 (ADH1) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by hypocalcemia with low parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and high urinary calcium. Its clinical presentation varies from mild asymptomatic to severe hypocalcemia. It is caused by gain-of-function mutations in the calcium-sensing receptor gene ( CASR) which affect PTH secretion from the parathyroid gland and calcium resorption in the kidney. Here, we describe a case who presented with symptoms of recurrent seizure caused by hypocalcemia with a novel CASR variant. We comprehensively analyzed the phenotypic features of this presentation and reviewed the current literature to better understand clinical manifestations and the genetic spectrum.
Multifocal motor neuropathy after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a causal or coincidental association?
Authors: Eren Fettah , Aygul Recep , Tenekeci Sevde , Ozturk Serefnur
Published: July 2022

Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is an immune-mediated and acquired demyelinating motor polyneuropathy. Several cases of polyneuropathy associated with severe acquired respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination have been reported. However, MMN has not been reported as a complication of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. In this study, we report a case of MMN with progressive muscle weakness following the second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine. It was diagnosed by clinical evaluation and electroneuromyography. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is increasing rapidly all over the world. Some cases of polyneuropathy, especially Guillain–Barré syndrome, have been reported after vaccination. This is the first case report of MMN after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
From autonomous to autonomist geographies
Authors: Gray Neil , Clare Nick
Published: July 2022

Autonomist Marxist ideas and concepts are resurgent and, with their latent spatiality, are well placed to contribute to radical geographical debates. In particular, the methodology of ‘class composition’ analysis provides a rigorous, materialist critique of transforming capitalist social relations. This paper first provides vital historical–theoretical context from the milieu of Italian Operaismo, before emphasising the value of autonomist Marxist analyses of three contemporary geographical frontiers: labour process, migration, and social reproduction. It ultimately argues that the laudable motivations of the autonomous geographies project, explored in this very journal, would be better served through an explicitly materialist autonomist geography.
Assessing the effectiveness of alternative landslide partitioning in machine learning methods for landslide prediction in the complex Himalayan terrain
Authors: Riaz Muhammad Tayyib , Basharat Muhammad , Brunetti Maria Teresa
Published: July 2022

Several devastating landslides have occurred in the NW Himalayas, which has prompted several researchers to strive for improvement in landslide susceptibility modelling (LSM) methodologies. This research analyzes the effectiveness of alternative landslide partitioning techniques on LSM in the landslide-prone district, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. We developed a landslide inventory of 961 landslides and then traditionally divided it into training (672; 70%) and testing (289; 30%) samples. These training samples (672) are processed by the Average Nearest Neighbour Index (ANNI) method to estimate the spatial pattern of landslides in nature. The results provide an ANNI ratio of 0.672 confirming that the landslides distribution pattern is cluster in the complex Himalayan terrain of Muzaffarabad. Among 672, the majority of landslides (529; 79%) depict cluster behaviour, while 189 landslides (21%) depict random behaviour. To evaluate the effectiveness of landslide cluster samples in prediction, five machine learning algorithms (MLAs), that is, K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Naïve Bayes (NB), Random Forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Logistic Regression (LR) using proposed cluster (529) and traditional (672) random training samples along with 17 geo-environmental factors are executed. However, testing samples (289; 30%) separated at the initial stage remained the same to check the model’s effectiveness. The areas under the curve (AUC-ROC), sensitivity, specificity, Kappa index and accuracy (ACC) have been used to evaluate the MLA’s performances. An alternative partitioning technique (cluster) shows the highest predictive power with AUC-ROC values ranging from 0.96 to 0.86, Kappa index ranges from 0.76 to 0.60 and ACC ranges from 0.90 to 0.83. Conversely, the random partitioning approach performs less well with AUC-ROC values ranging from 0.95 to 0.83, Kappa index ranges from 0.70 to 0.49 and ACC ranges from 0.87 to 0.80. In comparison, the RF cluster sampling-based model outperforms the other models and their counterparts. The RF model achieved the highest accuracy (0.902), highest AUC (0.962) and highest Kappa index (0.755) followed by XGboost having ACC (0.885), AUC (0.95) and Kappa index (0.724) employing proposed cluster training samples. However, traditional random training samples yield comparatively low ACC of RF (0.868) and XGboost (0.862). These results confirm that cluster training sampling performs well in obtaining reliable and precise LSMs for complex Himalayan terrain. Although random landslide partitioning for training datasets is seldom utilized in LSM, this study highlights that cluster partitioning for landslide training datasets might be a realistic and reliable approach.
Application of Unmanned Aerial Technologies for Inspecting Pavement and Bridge Infrastructure Assets Conditions
Authors: Congress Surya Sarat Chandra , Puppala Anand J. , Khan Md Ashrafuzzaman , Biswas Nripojyoti , Kumar Prince
Published: July 2022

Infrastructure in the U.S.A. was graded with a “C–” in the 2021 ASCE report card. Frequent monitoring of infrastructure assets is key to ensuring the serviceability of the assets and safety of public users. Advancements in aerial technologies, compact sensors, computer processing, and image analysis software have given rise to various engineering applications of sensor-mounted unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms. Several contactless sensors are being mounted on UAVs to conduct a comprehensive assessment of infrastructure conditions compared to a qualitative visual examination by an experienced inspector. Many transportation agencies in the U.S.A. have been using UAVs for applications ranging from the research stage to regular inspection activities. These applications are mainly focused on inspecting infrastructure assets such as pavements, bridges, substructures, railways, and other assets. The current research discussed the approaches followed to conduct aerial condition monitoring of transportation infrastructure assets using optical sensors mounted on UAVs. Qualitative and quantitative inspections of pavement, bridge, and substructure infrastructure case studies were performed. Pavement distress extents were measured in three dimensions and a 360° inspection of bridges was conducted by accessing hard-to-reach areas. Scaled views of the four sides of a bridge were developed and the challenges in data collection and processing were outlined. Further, a localized inspection was also demonstrated to show the feasibility of using photogrammetry for remote condition assessments post-disaster/emergency. Overall, the rich visualization, safety, flexibility, and ease of handling offered by these technologies are expected to transform the method of conducting infrastructure performance monitoring inspections in the future.
Identification of potential biomarkers and immune infiltration characteristics in severe asthma
Authors: Jiang Yuanyuan , Deng Shuanglinzi , Hu Xinyue , Luo Lisha , Zhang Yingyu , Zhang Daimo , Li Xiaozhao , Feng Juntao
Published: July 2022

Objectives: We hope to identify key molecules that can be used as markers of asthma severity and investigate their correlation with immune cell infiltration in severe asthma. Methods: An asthma dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and then processed by R software to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs). First, multiple enrichment platforms were applied to analyze crucial biological processes and pathways and protein–protein interaction networks related to the DEGs. We next combined least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression and the support vector machine-recursive feature elimination algorithms to screen diagnostic markers of severe asthma. Then, a local cohort consisting of 40 asthmatic subjects (24 with moderate asthma and 16 with severe asthma) was used for biomarker validation. Finally, infiltration of immune cells in asthma bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and their correlation with the screened markers was evaluated by CIBERSORT. Results: A total of 97 DEGs were identified in this study. Most of these genes are enriched in T cell activation and immune response in the asthma biological process. CC-chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) and natural killer cell protein 7(NKG7) were identified as markers of severe asthma. The highest area under the ROC curve (AUC) was from a new indicator combining CCR7 and NKG7 (AUC = 0.851, adj. p < 0.05). Resting and activated memory CD4 T cells, activated NK cells, and CD8 T cells were found to be significantly higher in the severe asthma group (adj. p < 0.01). CCR7 and NKG7 were significantly correlated with these infiltrated cells that showed differences between the two groups. In addition, CCR7 was found to be significantly positively correlated with eosinophils (r = 0.38, adj. p < 0.05) infiltrated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Conclusion: CCR7 and NKG7 might be used as potential markers for asthma severity, and their expression may be associated with differences in immune cell infiltration in the moderate and severe asthma groups.
Parent and Pediatrician Perspectives on Physical Activity Promotion in Pediatric Primary Care: A Preliminary Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Whooten Rachel , Horan Christine , Aguirre Annabelle , Dartley Anna Nicole , Taveras Elsie
Published: July 2022

Purpose

To elicit preliminary pediatrician and parent perspectives on physical activity (PA) counseling and identify opportunities for improvement.

Design

Mixed methods, including a cross-sectional survey and semi-structured interviews.

Setting and Participants

Primary care pediatricians (N = 73; 40% response rate) within a single large healthcare system and parents of students (N = 20) participating in a local school-based PA program in eastern Massachusetts.

Methods

Electronic survey of pediatricians assessing opinions of American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) PA guidelines and potential PA promotion tools; semi-structured qualitative interviews with parents assessing overall discussion, education, and recommendations relating to PA.

Analysis

We report descriptive statistics for survey items and bivariate analyses comparing responses by physician characteristics. We performed thematic analysis of qualitative interviews and present results through an implementation science framework.

Results

In this preliminary study, pediatricians reported adoption, appropriateness, and lower perceived effectiveness of PA counseling. School-based programs and educational materials were most often chosen as PA promotion tools. Responses varied by pediatrician characteristics. While parents reported satisfaction, opportunities for improvement included connections with community resources and continued conversations with the child about PA.

Conclusions

Pediatricians and parents highlighted gaps in PA counseling in primary care. While results are preliminary given small sample size, this study provides actionable targets to support PA promotion as a preventive health priority in this setting.
Understanding Hesitation to Use Nicotine Replacement Therapy: A Content Analysis of Posts in Online Tobacco-Cessation Support Groups
Authors: Phillips Connor , Pechmann Cornelia , Calder Douglas , Prochaska Judith J
Published: July 2022

Purpose

We aimed to better understand hesitancy to use nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to quit smoking.

Design

We content coded and analyzed NRT-related posts in online quit smoking support groups to understand NRT-use hesitancy and to examine associations with health outcomes.

Setting

NRT posts were analyzed in unmoderated social-media support groups with free NRT.

Sample

Adults who smoked daily (n = 438) and posted about NRT were studied, 339 of whom reported on NRT usage and 403 reported on smoking abstinence.

Measures

Surveys at 1-month post-quit date assessed NRT usage and smoking abstinence.

Analysis

Relationships among NRT posts, NRT usage and smoking abstinence were analyzed using GEE models accounting for support group and covariates.

Results

Nearly all (96.17%) participants reported using the study-provided NRT once, most (70.21%) used NRT during the past week, but less than half (45.72%) used NRT daily for the full month as recommended. Nearly two-thirds (65.34%) of NRT posts were negative. Posts reflecting dislike or no longer needing NRT were associated with a lower likelihood of using NRT in the past week at least once (B = −.66, P = .005 and B = −.37, P = .045), use occasions (B = −1.86, P = .018 and B = −1.10, P = .016) and used daily for full month (B = −.56, P = .044 and B = −.53, P = .009). Posts related to the effectiveness of NRT related to past-week NRT used at least once (B = .15, P = .023), used daily for full month (B = .25, P = .001), and smoking abstinence (B = .27, P = .002).

Conclusion

Strategies are needed to address dislike of NRT and strengthen perceptions of NRT efficacy, especially on social media where posts may be amplified.
Experimental investigation of vortex shedding of an airfoil at post-stall incidences
Authors: Fallahpour Niosha , Mani Mahmoud , Lorestani Mohadese
Published: July 2022

The harmonic vortex shedding from airfoil happens in various incidences. It has noticeable effects on the structure design and aerodynamic performance. In this paper, wind tunnel tests were conducted on a stationary NACA4412 airfoil at angles of attack ranging from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] and Re number between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] to examine the vortex shedding frequency and Strouhal number. The wake dynamics at post-stall incidences were investigated by surface pressure, wake flow velocity measurement, and smoke flow visualization. Three phases of the wake dynamics were observed with increasing the incidences beyond the stall: (i) the tiny vortices are shed from the airfoil’s suction side with scattered frequencies, (ii) the shear layer is separated from the LE, rolls up over the airfoil’s suction side and forms the harmonic vortex street, and (iii) the separation point moves from the airfoil’s suction side to the pressure side and leads to the vortex shedding like the bluff bodies. Frequency analysis of aerodynamic loads shows that the flow field’s low-frequency feature has a substantial effect normal to the surface while the vortex street unsteadiness impacts both perpendicular and parallel to the surface. The base pressure coefficient increases suddenly by the vortex street onset in the region (ii) and reaches about 0.4. The universal Strouhal number of 0.18 that is independent of Reynolds number was captured for the angles of attack well beyond the stall. Flow visualization shows that the vortex street establishes longitudinally closer to the airfoil at lower freestream velocity compared to the upper one.
Feeling Appreciated Buffers Against the Negative Effects of Unequal Division of Household Labor on Relationship Satisfaction
Authors: Gordon Amie M. , Cross Emily , Ascigil Esra , Balzarini Rhonda , Luerssen Anna , Muise Amy
Published: July 2022

Decades of research from across the globe highlight unequal and unfair division of household labor as a key factor that leads to relationship distress and demise. But does it have to? Testing a priori predictions across three samples of individuals cohabiting with a romantic partner during the COVID-19 pandemic ( N = 2,193, including 476 couples), we found an important exception to this rule. People who reported doing more of the household labor and who perceived the division as more unfair were less satisfied across the early weeks and ensuing months of the pandemic, but these negative effects disappeared when people felt appreciated by their partners. Feeling appreciated also appeared to buffer against the negative effects of doing less, suggesting that feeling appreciated may offset the relational costs of unequal division of labor, regardless of who contributes more. These findings generalized across gender, employment status, age, socioeconomic status, and relationship length.
Vibration control and trajectory tracking for nonlinear aeroelastic system based on adaptive iterative learning control
Authors: Liu Tingrui
Published: July 2022

Vibration control and trajectory tracking for nonlinear aeroelastic system of 2D airfoil of wind turbine subjected to flap-wise vibration and independent pitch motion, are investigated based on hydraulic pitch control and adaptive iterative learning (AIL) control. The aeroelastic system is simplified by an external slubber, the host material of which is a composite material with shape memory alloy (SMA) wires embedded in. The independent pitch motion is driven by two-way-rack cylinder and hydraulic servo valve. The control of divergent unstable motions is implemented by tracking the vibrations of the preset displacements. The control law of AIL algorithm combines iterative algorithm and proportional-derivative (PD) control. The control parameters of PD controller are adjusted by proportional-derivative control based on single neuron (PDC/SN) algorithm. Based on the convergence analysis of the iterative algorithm, the tracking results (including position tracking and speed tracking) of the iterative process are shown, and the convergence of the absolute values of the relative errors during tracking is verified. The experiment based on process control and a refined OPC Technology verifies the feasibility of the engineering application of the proposed algorithm in nonlinear aeroelasticity. The consistency between the real-time dynamic tracking process shown on the experimental panel and the theoretical tracking process illustrated by simulation verifies the effectiveness of the control algorithm for engineering application. The research implication for the design of current turbine manufacturers is that it provides a design idea of blade buffer based on smart materials, and an implementation idea for the engineering application of adaptive AIL algorithm.
Unified approach to optimal estimation of mean and standard deviation from sample summaries
Authors: Balakrishnan Narayanaswamy , Rychtář Jan , Taylor Dewey , Walter Stephen D
Published: July 2022

Recently, various methods have been developed to estimate the sample mean and standard deviation when only the sample size, and other selected sample summaries are reported. In this paper, we provide a unified approach to optimal estimation that can be easily adopted when only some summary statistics are reported. We show that the proposed estimators have the lowest variance among linear unbiased estimators. We also show that in the most commonly reported cases, that is, when only a three-number or five-number summary is reported, the newly proposed estimators match the previously developed estimators. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of the estimators numerically.
Correction factors for in-plane shear strength and stiffness testing of flat angle-ply composite laminates with high Poisson’s ratios
Authors: Sieberer Stefan , Schagerl Martin
Published: July 2022

In this paper, a method to obtain correction factors for in-plane shear properties in fibre-reinforced polymers with high Poisson’s ratio under biaxial load conditions and at high loads is presented. Experimental testing shows the deviations from classical laminate theory for such cases. The transverse deformation ratio is a general form of Poisson’s ratio and, for a ±45° angle-ply laminate, increases with strain. This effect is shown to exist for long and short test specimens, where significant biaxiality in the stress state is present. Reasons for this include fibre rotation at higher loads in tensile load conditions, and matrix plasticity and damage initiation. Test results show that the expanded formulas compensate errors in shear strength calculation of angle-ply laminates which arise from using nominal parameters with standard formulas. The results are also applicable to structures under biaxial load and when transverse contraction is inhibited, e.g. in shear panels. Further potential uses are in the presence of high shear strains and to detect the onset of damage under shear loading.
Lymphoproliferative disease detected by breast cancer screening
Authors: Luttwak Efrat , Segman Yafit , Saban May , Gutwein Odit , Avivi Irit , Perry Chava , Filiavich Alina , Sarid Nadav
Published: July 2022

Objective

To determine the rate of lymphoproliferative disease (LPD) in women undergoing routine breast cancer screening (BCS). BCS can reveal pathologies other than carcinoma that involve the breast and lymph tissue. The few studies that have described cases in which BCS led to the diagnosis of LPD were based on small series and focused on imaging rather than clinical characteristics.

Setting and Methods

A multi-center retrospective study in Israel, investigating LPD rate and characteristics among women diagnosed with LPD via BCS.

Results

Thirty-four patients out of 14,400 consecutive women undergoing BCS at Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center during the study period were diagnosed with LPD, suggesting a diagnosis rate of 0.24%. The enlarged cohort (n = 45), including 11 patients that were retrieved from the databases of three other centers, demonstrates a predominant histological diagnosis of non-aggressive LPD (n = 33). Thirty-four (76%) had a suspicious axillary lymph node, and 11 had a breast lesion. The median maximal lesion size was 1.95 cm (range 0.8–6.5). Disease was localized in 60% of patients (stage 1 and 1E). Univariate analysis revealed that lymphocyte count was inversely associated with aggressive histology. At median follow-up of 39 months, all but three patients were alive. These three had been diagnosed with non-aggressive LPD which had never been treated and died from unrelated causes.

Conclusions

The LPD detection rate via BCS was 2.36 per 1000 screens. The majority of LPDs were non-aggressive. Nearly a third were aggressive, most detected at an early stage, and the clinical outcome was generally favorable.
Low-Dose Tramadol-Induced Seizure: A Case Report
Authors: Dasgupta Himadri Sekhar , Sahoo Debashis Priyadarshan , Barman Bhupen , Brahma Dhriti
Published: July 2022

Tramadol is a weak mu (µ) opioid receptor agonist that acts by inhibiting serotonin and norepinephrine uptake. Tramadol undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism by a number of pathways, including CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, and by conjugation with subsequent renal excretion. The maximum recommended dose is 400 mg/day. One of the most important adverse effects of tramadol is a seizure, which usually occurs at high doses and is often generalized tonic–clonic type and self-limiting. Here, we present a case of a patient with inflammatory low backache who developed seizures while on low-dose oral tramadol. After 1 h of taking the first tablet of tramadol, he developed morbilliform rashes all over the body. One day later, he developed generalized tonic–clonic seizures followed by a loss of consciousness for 5 min. The patient was admitted to the hospital and managed conservatively with injection lorazepam and tramadol was stopped. In general, if applied in overdose, tramadol can only incite seizures in patients already suffering from some sort of disorder related to seizures or if it is administered along with antidepressants, alcohol, etc. But here, only with the use of 37.5 mg oral application, the incidence of seizure happened.
In Silico Modeling and Docking Analysis of CTX-M-5, Cefotaxime-Hydrolyzing β-Lactamase from Human-Associated Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Md. Jasmine S. K. , Reddy G. Vidya Sagar , Gorityala Neelima , Sagurthi Someswar Rao , Mungapati Sandhya , Manikanta Kota Neela , Allam Uday Sankar
Published: July 2022

Objective:

To computationally model the CTX-M-5 β-lactamase and establish its structure, which is exclusively present in human-associated Salmonella.

Methods:

The CTX-M-5 aminoacid sequence (Uniprot ID:O65975) of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium was retrieved from UniProt database and subjected to homology modeling using MODELLER 9v7. The homology models were duly validated using RAMPAGE tool by generating Ramachandran plots, ERRAT graphs, and ProSA score. DoGSiteScorer server and ConSurf server were used to detect the cavities, pockets, and clefts to identify conserved amino acid sites in the predicted model. Subsequently, the modeled structure was docked using CLC Drug Discovery Workbench against proven drugs and known inhibitors.

Results:

Obtained high-quality homology model with 91.7% of the residues in favorable regions in Ramachandran plot and qualified in other quality parameters. Docking studies resulted in a higher dock score for PNK (D-benzylpenicilloic acid) molecule when compared to other reported inhibitors.

Conclusion:

This in silico study suggests that the compound PNK could be an efficient ligand for CTX-M-5 β-lactamase and serve as a potent inhibitor of CTX-M-5.
How do Hong Kong fans choose their favourite overseas football club? Origins of transnational fandom in late modernity
Authors: Lee Chun Wing
Published: July 2022

Despite the importance of transnational fans to the globalisation of European football, there have not been many studies that aim to understand why they support specific overseas clubs. On the basis of qualitative interviews with transnational fans in Hong Kong and supplemented by findings from an online fan survey, I argue that most of them lack genuine choices when choosing their favourite overseas clubs. Even when all English Premier League matches are shown live in Hong Kong and with information about many European clubs available on the Internet, transnational fans tend to support teams that they were familiar with when they were still young, and clubs that star players play for. Such clubs are usually the richest ones that can help them achieve success on the pitch. Also, family members and peers can be influential to the origin of football fandom, but there is little pressure to support the same overseas club as their family members or peers. The choices of transnational fans based in Hong Kong should also be understood by taking the historical context of the city into account. Such findings suggest that globalisation has freed Hong Kong football fans from geographical constraints, but the individualisation thesis in the late modern era needs to be qualified since the wealth of European clubs and fans’ immediate social context do often have important impacts on their decision to support an overseas club.
Policing Illicit Drugs in the Pacific: The Role of Culture and Community on the Frontline
Authors: Sousa-Santos Jose , Howes Loene M.
Published: July 2022

Transnational and organized crime has become more prominent in the Pacific region in recent years, leading to challenges for law enforcement agencies in the region. The production and trafficking of illicit drugs are common concerns that illustrate the nexus between transnational and local crime landscapes. This article discusses approaches to the policing of such crime used by Pacific law enforcement agencies and regional partners. Informed by regional agreements, national security strategies of Pacific Islands governments, and theory about security networks, the article argues that plural and hybrid policing approaches, more commonly associated with community policing, may be effective models to combat drug-related crime. These approaches can involve cultural, social, and hierarchical webs that act as security nodes or networks on the frontline against illicit activities. Given different strengths and weaknesses of the various approaches available, an integrated and multifaceted approach to addressing drug-related crime offers the best chance of success.
Supporting Women to Heal from Trauma and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: ElBarazi Amani , Ahmed Salma
Published: July 2022

It is normal to feel anxious, terrified, and agitated after being involved in a potentially dangerous or traumatic incident. Most emotions disappear after a few weeks have passed. Some people continue to have these emotions for many months or even years following the traumatic event. This article looks at how post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) might manifest differently in men and women. It was discussed how PTSD develops, what causes it, how it affects women, and what treatments are available. PTSD is far more common in women than in males. PTSD can result in feelings of guilt and worry, as well as shame, hopelessness, depression, and frustration. When someone suffering from PTSD is treated with empathy, compassion, understanding, and acceptance, she feels safe and secure, which has been linked to the development and improvement of PTSD symptoms. With the aid of loved ones, it is possible to overcome feelings of helplessness, grief, and hopelessness. Patients suffering from PTSD may benefit from the encouragement and support of their friends and family. With the help of their loved ones, women may enhance their health and well-being.