bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Handicap : une identité entre-deux
Authors: Ancet Pierre
Published: November 2017

Que devient l’identité à soi suite à l’accident dont les séquelles laissent handicapé ? Nous nous intéresserons aux récits de personnes atteintes par le handicap traumatique, que les conséquences de l’accident soient seulement physiques ou touchent le corps et les facultés cognitives (comme dans le traumatisme crânio-cérébral). Les témoignages font souvent référence à une sorte de double perception de soi (avant et après l’accident), une identité instable, où l’on se sent soi sans parvenir à se reconnaître soi-même. Nous analyserons ce balancement entre le fait de se sentir soi et le fait de ne plus se reconnaître comme le même en référence aux concepts d’ ipséité et de mêmeté que Paul Ricœur développe dans Soi-même comme un autre . Nous verrons comment le récit peut être fondateur d’une nouvelle identité, jouant par là sa fonction de mise en forme du temps et de construction de l’identité narrative, sans négliger les problèmes spécifiques qui se posent quand la capacité même de se raconter se trouve mise à mal par le handicap cognitif et les troubles de la mémoire. Cette approche philosophique vient ici éclairer un des aspects rencontrés dans le champ psychothérapeutique lors de la reconstruction de soi après l’accident, étapes que certaines personnes blessées décrivent comme une mort suivie d’une renaissance.
Handicap : une identité entre-deux
Authors: Ciccone Albert
Published: November 2017

La notion d’identification projective désigne trois sortes de processus, contenant chacun un pôle projectif et un pôle identificatoire : le premier consiste à communiquer des états affectifs, émotionnels ; le deuxième à se débarrasser d’un contenu mental perturbant en le projetant dans un objet et à le contrôler en contrôlant cet objet ; le troisième consiste à pénétrer l’intérieur d’un objet pour en prendre possession ou pour le dégrader. On trouve des précurseurs chez Freud, mais c’est Melanie Klein qui a introduit la notion d’identification projective, désignant par là un mode de relation d’objet agressive et un processus essentiellement toxique. Bion en a donné ensuite une version « normale ». Meltzer, enfin, a discerné les formes d’identification projective avec les objets internes. Contrairement à l’identification introjective, l’identification projective est aliénante en ceci que l’objet intériorisé transforme le moi, alors que dans l’identification introjective c’est le moi qui transforme l’objet. L’identification projective produit une fausse identité. Elle génère aussi des angoisses claustrophobiques. Elle s’accompagne d’induction, de suggestion, et entretient des liens symbiotiques. L’identification projective participe à composer l’identité, mais elle risque de fabriquer une identité « entre-deux ». Elle est également une défense contre une identité entre-deux car elle réduit ou supprime l’écart avec l’altérité. L’identification projective travaille dans les situations de handicap à différents desseins : fabriquer une fausse identité sous l’effet du déni, explorer chez l’autre l’énigme de l’éprouvé du handicap, créer et maintenir une « symbiose secondaire » entre parent et enfant, avec les fantasmes incestueux et les agis incestuels qui l’accompagnent.
Handicap : une identité entre-deux
Authors: Gargiulo Marcela , Misdrahi Sandra , Orblin Bedos Cécilia , Louët Estelle
Published: November 2017

Nous allons exposer ici les résultats préliminaires d’une recherche en cours de réalisation sur des patients adultes âgés de 18 à 60 ans, atteints de myasthénie gravis. À partir des entretiens de recherche, nous rendrons compte de la façon dont la maladie, de par l’imprévisibilité de son évolution et la présence de signes peu visibles aux yeux de l’entourage, conduit les patients à éprouver un sentiment d’être dans un entre-deux : ni handicapés, ni non handicapés, ni malades ni en bonne santé. Nous évoquerons les effets de l’entre-deux, ses répercussions sur le sentiment d’identité et le travail psychique de théorisation profane comme moyen de transformer la souffrance psychique induite par la maladie et ses avatars.
Une révolution territoriale silencieuse ? Les communes nouvelles entre européanisation et gouvernance territoriale
Authors: Pasquier Romain
Published: November 2017

Résumé En 2015 et 2016, l’organisation décentralisée de la République a connu une série d’évolutions notables. Un phénomène est toutefois resté dans l’ombre, celui des « communes nouvelles » ou pour le dire autrement de la fusion communale. Or, ces deux dernières années auront été marquées par un foisonnement inédit de projets de communes nouvelles dans l’Hexagone. Malgré le manque de recul, il est cependant possible de formuler trois grandes hypothèses qui participent à l’explication de cette révolution territoriale silencieuse. La première hypothèse est celle d’une exception française quant à son organisation territoriale. La seconde hypothèse tient à la pression émanant de l’Union européenne sur les gouvernements successifs et visant l’adoption des réformes de structure afin de contenir l’emballement de la dette publique. Enfin, la troisième hypothèse est celle de la dynamique découlant de la gouvernance territoriale dans laquelle les systèmes d’acteurs locaux se saisissent des opportunités de fusion selon des modalités variées.
Teaching Nursing Students to Care for Patients Who Are Inmates
Authors: Ashton Kathleen S.
Published: November 2017

Background:

Inmates in federal or state correctional facilities or those who are under the custody of local law enforcement officials receive health care in acute care settings, and caring for these inmate-patients is difficult for many nurses. Nurse educators should teach nursing students that nurses care for all patients in all situations with respect for a person's inherent dignity and worth.

Method:

Information from relevant nursing publications was synthesized to provide nurse educators with content that can be useful when teaching nursing students to care for inmate-patients in acute care settings. A case study is provided as a teaching strategy for nurse educators.

Results:

Respect, care, and concern are expressed differently when nurses care for inmate-patients in acute care settings.

Conclusion:

Nurse educators are responsible to teach nursing students how professional nurses should respond to patients, especially in situations that many nurses find challenging. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(11):655–659.]
Predicting Trans-Inclusive Attitudes of Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Brown Chris , Keller Chad J. , Brownfield Jenna M. , Lee Rebekah
Published: November 2017

Background:

Research informs that transgender individuals experience harsh and negative experiences when accessing medical care. As a person of contact, nurses serve a key role in providing a sense of emotional safety for transgender patients.

Method:

Undergraduate nursing students (
N
= 265) completed an online survey assessing transprejudice attitudes and other individual-difference variables (e.g., openness to experience, attribution of cause for being transgender, and empathic concern).

Results:

Confidence in providing culturally competent and affirming health care to diverse populations was associated with having received educational information on transgender issues and personally knowing a transgender individual. A significant positive correlation was found between beliefs that being transgender is due to genetics and holding more accepting attitudes toward transgender individuals.

Conclusion:

Nursing education that addresses gender identity and provides an opportunity for student health professionals to interact with transgender individuals may help promote affirming heath care practices and reduce prejudice toward transgender people. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(11):660–669.]
La transición a la Edad del Hierro en Baleares. De los intercambios con navegación de cabotaje aborigen al comercio hegemónico fenicio
Authors: Guerrero Ayuso Víctor M. , Calvo Trias Manuel Antonio , Rosselló Jaume García
Published: November 2017

En este artículo quisiéramos presentar un aspecto relativamente desconocido del Bronce Final balear: el comercio ultramarino con otras comunidades continentales. Este estudio cubre el periodo entre c. 1300 y 800 BC; una de cuyas características, entre otras cosas, es un sustancial aumento de los intercambios con el mundo exterior. Las poblaciones nativas de las islas consiguieron tener acceso a importantes cantidades de bronce y estaño, y este es el periodo de la prehistoria balear en el que encontramos la mayor variedad y calidad de instrumentos de bronce, algunos conteniendo un porcentaje de estaño superior al 28/30%. También se han podido identificar algunos ornamentos fabricados en estaño puro. Coincidiendo con ello, se fabricaron grandes contenedores cerámicos en forma de tonel, lo cuales se encuentran en algunos asentamientos costeros. Durante este periodo, comunidades de Mallorca y Menorca, y también de Ibiza-Formentera desarrollaron un sistema de intercambios marítimos de cabotaje. Para este fin, una serie de asentamientos fueron fundados distribuidos a lo largo de las costas y los islotes. Cronológicamente, en la fase final (900-800 BC), este proceso coincide con la presencia de hierro y algunas importaciones fenicias.
Les travaux féminins de la minorité juive dans le royaume de Majorque au bas Moyen Âge
Authors: Maiz Chacon Jorge
Published: November 2017

Cet article revient sur une source précieuse, le Monedatge du Call de Majorque de 1350, pour mieux cerner le rôle des femmes de la minorité juive à Majorque au XIVe siècle, dans la gestion des biens familiaux, en l’absence de leur mari, et sur leur travail en général et la modalité des offices.
Le testament de Nunó Sanç, seigneur de Roussillon et de Cerdagne (17 décembre 1241)
Authors: Treton Rodrigue , Vinas Robert
Published: November 2017

Le personnage de Nunó Sanç ne pouvait être absent d’une revue d’histoire consacrée aux liens qui ont uni le Roussillon et Majorque. Les auteurs de cet article ont choisi de publier intégralement, en latin et dans une traduction française abondamment annotée, le testament du seigneur du Roussillon, dont ils ont également reconstitué la généalogie. Ce texte dans lequel Nunó se met en règle, à la veille de sa mort, avec Dieu et avec les hommes, confirmera l’importance d’un personnage qui s’inscrit délibérément dans une perspective méditérranéenne.
Majorque et Trinacrie, deux branches de la dynastie d’Aragon, royautés composites et mondes des contacts
Authors: Bresc Henri
Published: November 2017

Les royaumes de Majorque et de Trinacrie (nom artificiel donné en 1302 à la Sicile insulaire pour la distinguer du royaume angevin) présentent des caractéristiques similaires : ces États artificiels, découpés dans un espace plus vaste, où ils occupent des périphéries, gouvernés par des branches de la dynastie des rois d’Aragon, et qui continuent de vivre en symbiose avec la lignée aragonaise, ont en commun d’être gouvernés par des équipes artificielles unies par la fidélité personnelle au prince. Leur commune faiblesse démographique et les dangers qui les menacent (respectivement pour Majorque l’Aragon, mais aussi la France capétienne, et Naples, mais aussi le grand frère aragonais pour la Sicile), a conduit les deux États à privilégier l’initiative économique et l’inventivité, leur permettant d’augmenter leurs revenus fiscaux et de se doter ainsi de forces militaires qui ont permis une survie précaire.
Jaume II d’Aragó i el regne de Mallorca: l’etapa de conflictivitat (1291-1305)
Authors: Tudela Villalonga Lluís
Published: November 2017

L’année 1291, Jacques II est élu proclamé nouveau souverain de la Couronne de l'Aragon. Durant la première phase de son règne, il a maintenu des tensions diplomatiques et des conflits avec la Cour de Perpignan, tout comme ses prédécesseurs. La Couronne de l'Aragon voulait garantir un contrôle politique sur le Royaume de Majorque pour favoriser ses intérêts commerciaux. À partir de 1305, les deux territoires commencèrent à normaliser les relations diplomatiques.
Le projet d’union matrimoniale entre le royaume de Majorque et le Foix-Béarn (1340)
Authors: Bidot-Germa Dominique
Published: November 2017

Les relations entre les terres catalanes et, d'une part la vicomté de Béarn, sur laquelle régnaient depuis le XIIe siècle les Moncade, d'autre part le comté de Foix, étaient anciennes. L'union des deux maisons occitanes en 1290 établit au nord des Pyrénées une puissante seigneurie. On comprend l'intérêt géopolitique que le roi Jacques II de Majorque trouva en 1340 à l'union matrimoniale entre sa fille Isabelle et Gaston, héritier du Foix-Béarn, union négociée avec Gaston II. À la mort de ce dernier, en 1343, le projet de mariage fut abandonné sous la pression du roi d'Aragon; le royaume de Majorque disparut l'année suivante et, en 1349, le jeune Gaston III épousait Agnès de Navarre.
El setge de Vilafranca de Conflent per Jaume IV de Mallorques
Authors: Mas i Llaneres Josep
Published: November 2017

El 23 de septiembre del año 1374, el año de la “gran hambre”, Jaume IV de Mallorques, denominado por los historiadores L’Infante de Mallorca, heredero desposeído del Reino de Mallorca, de los condados del Rosselló y la Cerdanya, hizo su presencia a las puertas de la capital del Conflent, Vilafranca de Conflent. El artículo explicará este episodio vivido en el Conflent el otoño del 1374 dentro una época marcada por la oscuridad documental y en todos los sentidos. Hoy hemos podido obtener nuevas fuentes inéditas que entre la leyenda y la história escrita aquí presentamos.
Les relacions culturals entre Mallorca i el Rosselló en temps de la corona mallorquina
Authors: Ensenyat Pujol Gabriel
Published: November 2017

Durant l’époque des rois de Majorque, les relations et les influences culturelles entre les différents territoires de la couronne – Majorque, le Roussillon, Montpellier – furent très importantes. Le grand bénéficiaire en fut le royaume insulaire surtout dans les domaines artistique (arrivée de sculpteurs et de maîtres d’œuvres roussillonais) et universitaire (présence d’insulaires à l’université de Montpellier), encore qu’existèrent aussi d’autres apports insulaires en d’autres endroits. La réincorporation de la Couronne de Majorque à la Couronne Catalano-aragonaise mit fin à una grande partie de ces relations.
La résidence des rois de Majorque
Authors: Figuères Roger
Published: November 2017

Selon un itinéraire établi pour les années 1298-1324 et 1329-1343, les rois de Majorque passaient les deux tiers de leur temps en Roussillon et n’allaient que très rarement à Montpellier. Ils ne se rendaient pas régulièrement à Majorque. Sans doute à cause des aléas de la traversée, ils faisaient aux Baléares de longs séjours de seize à trente et un mois mais, entre deux séjours, ils pouvaient passer jusqu’à sept ans sans aller à Majorque. L’absentéisme royal à Montpellier et à Majorque n’allait pas dans le sens du renforcement de la cohésion du royaume et ne favorisait pas l’émergence, chez les habitants des trois territoires, d’un sentiment national commun.
L’Asie vue depuis l’Amérique : le Compendio y descripción de las Indias occidentales d’Antonio Vázquez de Espinosa (1628)
Authors: Jacquelard Clotilde
Published: November 2017

À travers l’étude de cette œuvre monumentale d’Antonio Vázquez de Espinosa qu’est le Compendio y descripción de las Indias Occidentales nous nous proposons de faire une étude de cas sur la représentation des confins asiatiques depuis l’Amérique espagnole, et d’envisager le poids, le rôle et la représentation de ces régions au sein d’un empire dont les structures se consolident dans les premières décennies du XVIIe siècle. En effet, le Nouveau Monde n’a pas seulement reçu et transformé l’héritage européen, mais il a reçu de même des influences asiatiques à travers la circulation du galion de Manille entre 1565 et 1815, ce qui a contribué à enrichir et complexifier l’identité coloniale hispano-américaine. Cet axe de recherche en cours de développement au plan international, va au-delà des travaux classiques sur le galion du Pacifique1 et donc du questionnement économique et commercial pour s’intéresser à l’histoire sociale, comme la question de l’esclavage asiatique à Mexico2, ou encore l’histoire de l’art qui met en avant la circulation des objets asiatiques et des influences artistiques en Amérique3. Ces études confirment que l’Amérique n’a pas été uniquement le réceptacle d’influences venues de l’est comme de l’ouest, mais qu’elle s’est affirmée, malgré le contexte colonial, comme un acteur de ces processus caractéristiques de la première mondialisation. Et c’est précisément l’impression générale qui ressort de l’étude du Compendio y descripción de las Indias occidentales qui date de la fin du premier tiers du XVIIe siècle mais qui n’a pas été publié intégralement avant le XXe siècle4.
La construction discursive du moro philippin aux XVIe & XVIIe siècles
Authors: Sanchez Jean-Noël
Published: November 2017

Cet article analyse le processus de construction discursive des musulmans du sud de l’archipel des Philippines en tant que Moros aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles. Se proposant en premier lieu de réévaluer la thèse en vertu de laquelle l’héritage reconquérant des Espagnols aurait été déterminant dans le contexte asiatique, il s’attache à présenter d’autres pistes d’analyses, notamment par l’étude des interactions logiques et factuelles entre les notions de Moro et d’Indio et par l’examen dans les sources de l’époque du flottement entre discours mélioratif et péjoratif quant à la spécificité du phénomène musulman sud-philippin. Finalement, il se clôt sur un appel à une enquête plus vaste qui passerait par l’étude systématique des catégorisations ethniques dans l’Asie des Ibériques durant le Siècle d’Or.
La integración del “sueño de Merlín” en la Istoria de las Bienandanzas e Fortunas de Lope García de Salazar
Authors: Cartelet Pénélope
Published: November 2017

La Istoria de las Bienandanzas e Fortunas de Lope García de Salazar, ejemplo de historia universal compuesta en los años 1471-1476 por un gran noble vizcaíno, incluye en su Libro XI un sumario artúrico de gran interés, pues constituye un testimonio más, aunque indirecto, de la difusión medieval de la literatura artúrica en la Península. El presente trabajo examina el tratamiento reservado en la crónica al “sueño de Merlín”, un episodio particularmente importante para el conocimiento de los textos artúricos peninsulares, por ser conocido únicamente en la actualidad por su inclusión en los Baladros castellanos.
Un régime d’historicité face au Nouveau monde
Authors: Valdovinos Roberto
Published: November 2017

Selon l’historien François Hartog, jusqu’à la fin du XVIIIe siècle l’écriture de l’histoire se fonderait sur un paradigme tourné vers le passé. Nous décrirons ce long « régime d’historicité » dans sa forme médiévale pour le confronter ensuite à un corpus de l’Amérique coloniale du XVIe siècle mettant en évidence un rapport très différent au passé : des historiens comme Oviedo ou Gómara privilégient les événement contemporains ; des missionnaires comme Motolinía sont confrontés à des savoir extra-européens impliquant d’autres temporalités ; autant d’exemples qui soulignent les limites de la périodisation hartogienne : seule une perspective graduelle, diversifiant ses sources, permettra de comprendre les transitions entre différents « régimes d’historicité ».
João Baptista Lavanha, cosmographe portugais, et la chronique d’Asie au début du XVIIe siècle
Authors: Loureiro Rui Manuel
Published: November 2017

Le cosmographe portugais João Baptista Lavanha est une figure singulière dans le monde culturel ibérique. Actif pendant un demi-siècle, jusqu’en 1624 (date de sa mort à Madrid), il est l’auteur d’une œuvre immense, et encore mal étudiée, d’ingénieur, de mathématicien, de cosmographe, de généalogiste. Mais il s’intéresse aussi à l’Asie, et dès les premières années du XVIIe siècle il est chargé par Philippe III d’ordonner la Década Quarta da Ásia, laissée au brouillon par le grand João de Barros, au moment de sa disparition, quelques trois décennies auparavant. Au milieu de ses immenses occupations, Lavanha n’oublie pas le monde asiatique, et en 1615 il publie enfin à Madrid la Década Quarta de João de Barros, dans une édition érudite, remplie d’apostilles, avec des cartes, qui le montre comme un véritable spécialiste en affaires orientales.
Effect of Meaningful Recognition on Critical Care Nurses’ Compassion Fatigue
Authors: Kelly Lesly A. , Lefton Cindy
Published: November 2017

Background

As caregivers in high-pressure environments, critical care nurses are at risk for burnout and secondary trauma—components of compassion fatigue. Recent findings have increased understanding of the phenomena, specifically that satisfaction and meaningful recognition may play a role in reducing burnout and raising compassion satisfaction; however, no large multisite studies of compassion fatigue have been conducted.

Objectives

To examine the effect of meaningful recognition and other predictors on compassion fatigue in a multicenter national sample of critical care nurses.

Methods

A quantitative, descriptive online survey was completed by 726 intensive care unit nurses in 14 hospitals with an established meaningful recognition program and 410 nurses in 10 hospitals without such a program. Site coordinators at each hospital coordinated distribution of the survey to nurses to assess multiple predictors against outcomes, measured by the Professional Quality of Life Scale. Cross-validation and linear regression modeling were conducted to determine significant predictors of burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction.

Results

Similar levels of burnout, secondary traumatic stress, compassion satisfaction, overall satisfaction, and intent to leave were reported by nurses in hospitals with and without meaningful recognition programs. Meaningful recognition was a significant predictor of decreased burnout and increased compassion satisfaction. Additionally, job satisfaction and job enjoyment were highly predictive of decreased burnout, decreased secondary traumatic stress, and increased compassion satisfaction.

Conclusions

In addition to acknowledging and valuing nurses’ contributions to care, meaningful recognition could reduce burnout and boost compassion satisfaction.
Why do you hate me so much? An exploration of religious freedom from the perspective of African religion(s)
Authors: Masondo Sibusiso T.
Published: November 2017

The advent of the 1996 constitution and the promotion of freedom of religion gave space to previously discriminated religious traditions to flourish. There have been a number of revivals of aspects of African Traditional Religion. The Bill of Rights guarantees Religious Freedom but tends to limit it to Freedom of belief. People have every right to believe and practice as long as their practice is in line with the law. This paper is a reflection on the difficulties posed by the notion of Religious Freedom as contained in the 1996 South African constitution for practitioners of African Indigenous Religions and other minority religions. In a case that captured the imagination of the legal fraternity, Gareth Prince, a practicing Rastafarian, was prevented from joining the Bar of the Western Cape because of a prior conviction of being caught in possession of dagga, an illegal substance. He argued that he used cannabis as part of his religious observance. Justice Ngcobo, in his judgement dismissing the case, made it very clear that ‘the right to freedom of religion is not absolute’. In other words, religious practices need to fall within the provisions of the law of the land. At the core of our argument is that the intellectual and cultural resources that were mobilised in writing the South African constitution failed to reflect on the religious practices of indigenous people and other minority religions.
On Deformations of Nodal Hypersurfaces
Authors: Wang Zhenjian
Published: November 2017

We extend the infinitesimal Torelli theorem for smooth hypersurfaces to nodal hypersurfaces.
CLOUD COMPUTING: SEARCHING ITS USE IN PUBLIC MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Dornelas Jairo Simião , Souza Kassia Roberta Rodrigues , Amorim Americo Nobre
Published: November 2017

The research investigated the perception about cloud computing (CC) in public management environments. After, from the perspective of information technology (IT) people on those organizations, it has raised views on how IT in the cloud is seen as a solution for government-level service delivery. Then, managers of the top public management of two cities, sought aspects of feasibility, timeliness, necessity and actuality of the CC, for the provision of digital services. Listening revealed CN is known, although misunderstood and will only be effective when the process and community service dimensions are delineated by the municipal management (modeling and implementation). Nevertheless, it was realized that the technology will be absorbed by public information technology and will replace the traditional one-way service delivery, favoring the increase of computational intelligence distributed in social scale and the inclusive participation of the population in the management of cities.
Debt and investment in the Keen model: a reappraisal of modelling Minsky
Authors: Pottier Antonin , Nguyen-Huu Adrien
Published: November 2017

We examine to what extent the Keen model (Keen 1995) is a faithful modelling of Minsky's financial instability hypothesis. We focus on debt, money, and debt-induced crisis. We propose a clear interpretation of the debt: households lend unconsumed income to firms to finance their investments, and money creation is not necessary. We offer a detailed description of the economic collapse and analyse its causes thanks to numerical experiments. The crisis is triggered by profits squeezed by wages and not by debt overhang. We test alternative assumptions on the investors’ behaviour to show that behaviour at very low profits is fundamental. We conclude that the Keen crisis has few Minskyan flavours.
Tolerância e refugio: um ensaio a partir do acordo EU-Turquia
Authors: Olsen Ana Carolina Lopes , Piovesan Flávia Cristina
Published: November 2017

O direito internacional dos refugiados, pós II Guerra Mundial, fundamentou-se na noção de “direito a ter direitos”, de uma sociedade aberta para a diversidade e o pluralismo, com base na tolerância e na alteridade. Estas concepções estão em xeque com as recentes práticas adotadas pela União Europeia face aos refugiados, notadamente no Acordo União Europeia-Turquia (2016), que prevê a possibilidade de devolução de refugiados aos seus locais de origem, apesar do princípio do non-refoulement. A partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, e pelo método indutivo, o presente artigo busca compreender as implicações filosóficas e éticas da rejeição manifestada pela Europa ao grande contingente de refugiados de origem muçulmana, cuja cultura contrasta profundamente com os valores nutridos pelos povos europeus, a fim de sugerir uma nova compreensão da própria ideia de tolerância enquanto fundamento do Direito Internacional dos Refugiados, e mesmo dos direitos humanos. Conclui-se nesse ensaio que mecanismos burocráticos e jurídicos têm sido utilizados como máscara para a intolerância da Europa frente aos refugiados. Desse modo, a partir de contribuições teóricas de Rorty, Appiah, Heller e Ferénc, percebeu-se que somente a partir da superação da noção abstrata de tolerância, para uma compreensão cosmopolita que reconhece as pessoas em sua concretude histórica e social, bem como pelo alargamento da ideia de “nós” para enfrentar a dicotomia “nós-eles”, que se pode fundamentar o direito de toda pessoa de ser acolhida, quando enfrenta o risco de sua própria aniquilação.
O caso fictício da morte do embaixador francês na Espanha: duas espécies de ius gentium em Francisco de Vitoria
Authors: Zelesco Barretto Rafael
Published: November 2017

O artigo expõe uma parte pouco comentada do pensamento de Francisco de Vitoria, a quem se costuma atribuir papel importante no desenvolvimento da ciência do Direito Internacional. Em seus comentários à Suma Teológica de Tomás de Aquino, Vitoria propôs um caso hipotético para ilustrar a obrigatoriedade do direito das gentes. Narrou o suposto assassinato do embaixador francês na Espanha, afirmando que tal conduta seria injusta por violar o ius gentium. Tal reprovabilidade foi justificada em dois níveis, que Vitoria relacionou a duas espécies de direito das gentes. O primeiro destes seria geral e decorreria de um consentimento virtual de todo o universo, enquanto que o segundo seria específico e resultaria do acordo entre algumas nações. A distinção é feita de passagem e o mestre salmantino não a desenvolve. Nas páginas a seguir, argumenta-se que a dualidade no direito das gentes é uma marca distintiva do pensamento vitoriano. Assim, expõem-se outras passagens da obra do dominicano nas quais a distinção mencionada reaparece perante casos concretos. Para efeitos de comparação, o artigo também descreve e responde a interpretações diferentes, feitas por outros estudiosos de Vitoria. Conclui-se que a dualidade no ius gentium contribui para aproximá-lo do direito natural, indicando-lhe uma finalidade e controlando os excessos do voluntarismo estatal.
Competência do TPI no caso do ataque ao hospital de Kunduz: uma análise envolvendo a jurisdição do TPI em relação a nacionais de Estados não-Parte do Estatuto de Roma
Authors: De Lima Renata Mantovani , Silva Filipe Augusto
Published: November 2017

Pretende-se no presente artigo discorrer sobre a competência ratione materiae, ratione loci, ratione personae e ratione temporis estabelecidas no Estatuto de Roma. Após, analisar-se-á o ataque ao Centro de Trauma de Kunduz, localizado no Afeganistão, por militares Americanos, dentro do contexto de um conflito armado. Subsequentemente, proceder-se-á ao exame da investigação realizada pelos Estados Unidos sobre o incidente. Por fim, verificar-se-á a possibilidade do exercício da jurisdição do TPI sobre o caso. A vertente metodológica adotada: jurídico-teórica; tipo de raciocínio: dedutivo; tipos metodológicos da pesquisa: histórico-jurídico, jurídico-comparativo e jurídico-interpretativo.
Regime de transparência fiscal na tributação dos lucros auferidos no exterior (CFC Rules): lacunas e conflitos no direito brasileiro
Authors: Rosenblatt Paulo , Torres Pimenta Cabral Rodrigo
Published: November 2017

O objetivo geral do presente artigo é tratar da aplicabilidade do regime de transparência fiscal internacional na tributação dos lucros auferidos no exterior (CFC Rules), por meio da análise de suas características e seu papel no cenário transnacional. Como objetivo específico, são examinados os conflitos presentes no direito brasileiro, devido à adoção de um modelo diferente do que é praticado mundialmente, por meio de tributação em bases universais, independentemente da disponibilização dos lucros. A metodologia desenvolvida é analítico-dedutiva, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e jurisprudencial, e de uma análise crítica dos casos relevantes. Limita-se, portanto, a uma análise dogmática e qualitativa do direito positivo. O argumento central do presente trabalho é a aplicação de critérios seletivos, em referência ao que fora recomendado pela OCDE, para o devido uso do regime de transparência fiscal, ressaltando o seu caráter antielisivo para impedir práticas concorrenciais nocivas. Nessa perspectiva, o trabalho conclui que o escopo antielisivo do regime de transparência fiscal internacional no Brasil não passa de mais uma forma ampla de se tributar a renda. O presente trabalho é original e importante ao apontar as incertezas e lacunas normativas remanescentes após o julgamento da ADI 2.588/2001 e suas consequências no judiciário e no Conselho Administrativo de Recursos Fiscais, mesmo após a edição da Lei nº 12.973/2014, e demonstrar que o Poder Judiciário será cada vez mais exigido diante da incerteza jurídica.
O retorno dos bens culturais
Authors: Saliba Aziz , Lopes Fabris Alice
Published: November 2017

O presente artigo analisa a possível existência de obrigação jurídica internacional dos Estados de atender aos pedidos de devolução de bens culturais para seus países de origem. Esses pedidos de retorno de bens culturais que foram retirados no final do século XIX intensificaram nos últimos 30 anos. Algum desses bens culturais retornaram recentemente para o seu respectivo país de origem, dentre eles as joias de Troia e peças arqueológicas do Machu Picchu. No entanto, outros bens continuam em museus fora de seu país de origem, apesar de diversos apelos para o seu retorno, este é o caso dos mármores do Partenon. Por meio de um estudo de casos e normas internacionais, procura-se analisar os argumentos contrários e a favor do retorno desses artefatos, além da solução dada pelo direito internacional para atender tais demandas. Especial atenção será dada ao caso do canhão “El Cristiano”, envolvendo Brasil e Paraguai. Em conclusão, não foi encontrada uma obrigação jurídica internacional para o retorno desses bens retirados antes de 1970, no entanto, observa-se uma prática cada vez mais recorrente de devolução em boa-fé do patrimônio cultural para o seu país de origem.
Os reflexos da proteção internacional da propriedade intelectual para o desenvolvimento interno: uma análise sobre o sistema patentário brasileiro e a transferência de tecnologia
Authors: Segala Michele Machado , De Gregori Isabel Christine Silva
Published: November 2017

A pesquisa se propôs ao estudo sobre a proteção internacional da Propriedade Intelectual, buscando averiguar em que medida ela impacta no desenvolvimento interno, sobretudo no sistema patentário brasileiro. Para tanto, o trabalho foi dividido em dois momentos, resguardando-se o primeiro para a realização de um apanhado evolutivo sobre os instrumentos internacionais de proteção, quais sejam a Convenção de Paris e o Acordo Trips, refletindo, conjuntamente, sobre a problemática envolvendo a transferência de tecnologia. No segundo momento, dedicou-se à análise do sistema patentário brasileiro enquanto propulsor do desenvolvimento interno. Utilizando-se do método de abordagem dedutivo e do método e procedimento histórico, acompanhados da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, foi possível observar que o sistema internacional de proteção trouxe fortes reflexos para o desenvolvimento interno em virtude das decisões políticas adotadas pelo Brasil, em aderir ao Acordo Trips sem estar efetivamente preparado para tanto.
Regional severe particle pollution and its association with synoptic weather patterns in the Yangtze River Delta region, China
Authors: Shu Lei , Xie Min , Gao Da , Wang Tijian , Fang Dexian , Liu Qian , Huang Anning , Peng Liwen
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Regional air pollution is significantly associated with dominant weather systems. In this study, the relationship between the particle pollution over the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region and weather patterns is investigated. First, the pollution characteristics of particles in the YRD are studied using in situ monitoring data (PM2.5 and PM10) in 16 cities and Terra/MODIS AOD (aerosol optical depth) products collected from December 2013 to November 2014. The results show that the regional mean value of AOD is high in the YRD, with an annual mean value of 0.71±0.57. The annual mean particle concentrations in the cities of Jiangsu Province all exceed the national air quality standard. The pollution level is higher in inland areas, and the highest concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 are 79 and 130 µg m−3, respectively, in Nanjing. The PM2.5  :  PM10 ratios are typically high, thus indicating that PM2.5 is the overwhelmingly dominant particle pollutant in the YRD. The wintertime peak of particle concentrations is tightly linked to the increased emissions during the heating season as well as adverse meteorological conditions. Second, based on NCEP (National Center for Environmental Prediction) reanalysis data, synoptic weather classification is conducted and five typical synoptic patterns are objectively identified. Finally, the synthetic analysis of meteorological fields and backward trajectories are applied to further clarify how these patterns impact particle concentrations. It is demonstrated that air pollution is more or less influenced by high-pressure systems. The relative position of the YRD to the anti-cyclonic circulation exerts significant effects on the air quality of the YRD. The YRD is largely influenced by polluted air masses from the northern and the southern inland areas when it is located at the rear of the East Asian major trough. The significant downward motion of air masses results in stable weather conditions, thereby hindering the diffusion of air pollutants. Thus, this pattern is quite favorable for the accumulation of pollutants in the YRD, resulting in higher regional mean PM10 (116.5 ± 66.9 µg m−3), PM2.5 (75.9 ± 49.9 µg m−3), and AOD (0.74) values. Moreover, this pattern is also responsible for the occurrence of most large-scale regional PM2.5 (70.4 %) and PM10 (78.3 %) pollution episodes. High wind speed and clean marine air masses may also play important roles in the mitigation of pollution in the YRD. Especially when the clean marine air masses account for a large proportion of all trajectories (i.e., when the YRD is affected by the cyclonic system or oceanic circulation), the air in the YRD has a lesser chance of being polluted. The observed correlation between weather patterns and particle pollution can provide valuable insight into making decisions about pollution control and mitigation strategies.
Denitrification, dehydration and ozone loss during the 2015/2016 Arctic winter
Authors: Khosrawi Farahnaz , Kirner Oliver , Sinnhuber Björn-Martin , Johansson Sören , Höpfner Michael , Santee Michelle L. , Froidevaux Lucien , Ungermann Jörn , Ruhnke Roland , Woiwode Wolfgang , Oelhaf Hermann , Braesicke Peter
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The 2015/2016 Arctic winter was one of the coldest stratospheric winters in recent years. A stable vortex formed by early December and the early winter was exceptionally cold. Cold pool temperatures dropped below the nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) existence temperature of about 195 K, thus allowing polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) to form. The low temperatures in the polar stratosphere persisted until early March, allowing chlorine activation and catalytic ozone destruction. Satellite observations indicate that sedimentation of PSC particles led to denitrification as well as dehydration of stratospheric layers. Model simulations of the 2015/2016 Arctic winter nudged toward European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analysis data were performed with the atmospheric chemistry–climate model ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) for the Polar Stratosphere in a Changing Climate (POLSTRACC) campaign. POLSTRACC is a High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO) mission aimed at the investigation of the structure, composition and evolution of the Arctic upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). The chemical and physical processes involved in Arctic stratospheric ozone depletion, transport and mixing processes in the UTLS at high latitudes, PSCs and cirrus clouds are investigated. In this study, an overview of the chemistry and dynamics of the 2015/2016 Arctic winter as simulated with EMAC is given. Further, chemical–dynamical processes such as denitrification, dehydration and ozone loss during the 2015/2016 Arctic winter are investigated. Comparisons to satellite observations by the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (Aura/MLS) as well as to airborne measurements with the Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA) performed aboard HALO during the POLSTRACC campaign show that the EMAC simulations nudged toward ECMWF analysis generally agree well with observations. We derive a maximum polar stratospheric O3 loss of ∼ 2 ppmv or 117 DU in terms of column ozone in mid-March. The stratosphere was denitrified by about 4–8 ppbv HNO3 and dehydrated by about 0.6–1 ppmv H2O from the middle to the end of February. While ozone loss was quite strong, but not as strong as in 2010/2011, denitrification and dehydration were so far the strongest observed in the Arctic stratosphere in at least the past 10 years.
In situ measurements of desert dust particles above the western Mediterranean Sea with the balloon-borne Light Optical Aerosol Counter/sizer (LOAC) during the ChArMEx campaign of summer 2013
Authors: Renard Jean-Baptiste , Dulac François , Durand Pierre , Bourgeois Quentin , Denjean Cyrielle , Vignelles Damien , Couté Benoit , Jeannot Matthieu , Verdier Nicolas , Mallet Marc
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Mineral dust from arid areas is a major component of the global aerosol and has strong interactions with climate and biogeochemistry. As part of the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx) to investigate atmospheric chemistry and its impacts in the Mediterranean region, an intensive field campaign was performed from mid-June to early August 2013 in the western basin including in situ balloon-borne aerosol measurements with the Light Optical Aerosol Counter (LOAC). LOAC is a counter/sizer that provides the aerosol concentrations in 19 size classes between 0.2 and 100 μm, and an indication of the nature of the particles based on dual angle scattering measurements. A total of 27 LOAC flights were conducted mainly from Minorca Island (Balearic Islands, Spain) but also from Ile du Levant off Hyères city (SE France) under 17 Light Dilatable Balloons (meteorological sounding balloons) and 10 Boundary Layer Pressurized Balloons (quasi-Lagrangian balloons). The purpose was to document the vertical extent of the plume and the time-evolution of the concentrations at constant altitude (air density) by in situ observations. LOAC measurements are in agreement with ground-based measurements (lidar, photometer), aircraft measurements (counters), and satellite measurements (CALIOP) in case of fair spatial and temporal coincidences. LOAC has often detected 3 modes in the dust particle volume size distributions fitted by lognormal laws at roughly 0.2, 4 and 30 µm in modal diameter. Particles larger than 40 μm were observed, with concentrations up to about 10−4 cm−3. Such large particles were lifted several days before and their persistence after transport over long distances is in conflict with calculations of dust sedimentation. We did not observe any significant evolution of the size distribution during the transport from quasi-Lagrangian flights, even for the longest ones (~ 1 day). Finally, the presence of charged particles is inferred from the LOAC measurements and we speculate that electrical forces might counteract gravitational settling of the coarse particles.
Low Carbon Energy Generates Public Health Savings in California
Authors: Zapata Christina B. , Yang Chris , Yeh Sonia , Ogden Joan , Kleeman Michael J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. California's goal to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions 80 % below 1990 levels by the year 2050 will require adoption of low carbon energy sources across all economic sectors. In addition to reducing GHG emissions, shifting to fuels with lower carbon intensity will change concentrations of short-lived conventional air pollutants, including airborne particles with diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and ozone (O3). Here we evaluate how business-as-usual (BAU) air pollution and public health in California will be transformed in the year 2050 through the adoption of low-carbon technologies, expanded electrification, and modified activity patterns within a low carbon energy scenario (GHG-Step). Both the BAU and GHG-Step state-wide emission scenarios were constructed using the energy-economic optimization model, CA-TIMES, that calculates the multi-sector energy portfolio that meets projected energy supply and demand at the lowest cost, while also satisfying scenario-specific GHG emissions constraints. Corresponding criteria pollutant emissions for each scenario were then spatially allocated at 4 km resolution to support air quality analysis in different regions of the state. Meteorological inputs for the year 2054 were generated under a Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 future climate. Annual-average PM2.5 and O3 concentrations were predicted using the modified emissions and meteorology inputs with a regional chemical transport model. In the final phase of the analysis, mortality (total deaths) and mortality rate (deaths per 100 000) were calculated using established exposure-response relationships from air pollution epidemiology combined with simulated annual-average PM2.5 and O3 exposure. Predicted deaths associated with air pollution in 2050 dropped by 24 %–26 % in California (1537–2758 avoided deaths yr−1) in the climate-friendly 2050 GHG-Step scenario, which is equivalent to a 54 %–56 % reduction in the air pollution mortality rate (deaths per 100 000) relative to 2010 levels. These avoided deaths have an estimated value of $ 11.4 B–$ 20.4 B USD per yr−1 based on the present-day Value of a Statistical Life (VSL) equal to $ 7.6 M. The costs for reducing California GHG emissions 80 % below 1990 levels by the year 2050 depend strongly on numerous external factors such as the global price of oil. Best estimates suggest that meeting an intermediate target (40 % reduction in GHG emissions by the year 2030) using a non-optimized scenario would reduce personal income by $ 4.95 B yr−1 (−0.15 %) and lower overall state GDP by $ 16.1 B yr−1 (−0.45 %). The public health benefits described here are comparable to these cost estimates, making a compelling argument for the adoption of low carbon energy in California, with implications for other regions in the United States and across the world.
Using different assumptions of aerosol mixing state and chemical composition to predict CCN concentrations based on filed measurement in Beijing
Authors: Ren Jingye , Zhang Fang , Wang Yuying , Fan Xinxin , Jin Xiaoai , Xu Weiqi , Sun Yele , Cribb Maureen , Li Zhanqing
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Understanding the impacts of aerosol chemical composition and mixing state on cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity in polluted area is crucial for determining CCN number concentrations (NCCN) accurately. In this study, we predict CCN number concentrations (NCCN) by applying κ-Köhler theory under five assumed schemes of aerosol chemical composition and mixing state based on field measurement in Beijing during the winter of 2016. Our results show that the EIS scheme (with an assumption that sulfate, nitrate, and secondary organic aerosols are internally mixed and that primary organic aerosols, POA, and black carbon, BC, are externally mixed; and the chemical composition is size dependent) achieves the best closure to predict NCCN with ratios of predicted-to-measured NCCN (RCCN_p/m) of 0.90–1.12 under both clean and polluted conditions over the campaign. Also, IB scheme (with an assumption of internal mixture and bulk chemical composition for particles) shows good closure with RCCN_p/m of 1.01–1.19 under clean conditions, implying that the IB assumption is sufficient for CCN prediction in continental clean regions. On polluted days, IS scheme (assuming particles with internal mixture and chemical composition is size-resolved) achieve better closure than the IB scheme due to the heterogeneity and variations in particle composition at different sizes. The improved closure achieved using EIS and IS assumptions highlights the importance of measuring size-resolved chemical composition for CCN predictions in polluted regions. NCCN is significantly underestimated (with RCCN_p/m of 0.6–0.8) by using the schemes of external mixture with bulk (EB) or size-resolved composition (ES), implying that the primary particles experience rapid aging and physical mixing processes in urban area. However, our results show that the mixing state of particles plays a minor role on CCN prediction when the κorg exceeds 0.1.