bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technological, Sensory, and Hypoglycemic Effects of Quinoa Flour Incorporation into Biscuits
Authors: Alsuhaibani Amnah Mohammed , Alkuraieef Amal Nassir , Aljobair Moneera Othman , Alshawi Amal Hassan
Published: January 2022

Background. Biscuits are consumed by all of society in the world. Incorporation of different ratios of quinoa flour into wheat flour for the production of biscuits is needed for the production of functional foods. Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the incorporation of 12.5% or 25% quinoa flour into biscuit production, evaluate rheological and sensory characteristics, and investigate the effect of the consumption of 20% cooked biscuits on diabetic rats. Design. The gross chemical composition, total carotenoids, phenolic and flavonoids of wheat flour and quinoa flour, and the rheological properties of the control, 12.5% quinoa, and 25% quinoa biscuit dough were determined. The effects of consumption of 12.5% quinoa and 25% quinoa biscuits on diabetic rats were investigated. Results. Quinoa flour had significantly higher levels of the gross chemical composition except for carbohydrate and increased phenolic compound and flavonoids content than those in wheat flour. Increasing the amount of quinoa flour in the biscuits could increase the farinograph and extensograph values of the dough. Biological results showed that the highest improvement in nutritional values appeared in the diabetic rat group, which consumed 25% quinoa biscuit for 60 days. The consumption of 12.5% quinoa biscuit and 25% quinoa biscuit showed a decline in blood glycosylated hemoglobin and glucose and an elevation in insulin levels compared with the positive control diabetic rat group. Discussion and Conclusion. It is encouraging to replace wheat flour with quinoa flour in biscuit manufacturing owing to positive effects on both the technological properties and sensory evaluation of biscuits. The increase of quinoa flour up to 25% had favorable nutritional values and hypoglycemic effects.
Hourly Forecasting of Solar Photovoltaic Power in Pakistan Using Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Khan Sohrab , Shaikh Faheemullah , Siddiqui Mokhi Maan , Hussain Tanweer , Kumar Laveet , Nahar Afroza
Published: January 2022

The solar photovoltaic (PV) power forecast is crucial for steady grid operation, scheduling, and grid electricity management. In this work, numerous time series forecast methodologies, including the statistical and artificial intelligence-based methods, are studied and compared fastidiously to forecast PV electricity. Moreover, the impact of different environmental conditions for all of the algorithms is investigated. Hourly solar PV power forecasting is done to confirm the effectiveness of various models. Data used in this paper is of one entire year and is acquired from a 100 MW solar power plant, namely, Quaid-e-Azam Solar Park, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. This paper suggests recurrent neural networks (RNNs) as the best-performing forecasting model for PV power output. Furthermore, the bidirectional long-short-term memory RNN framework delivered high accuracy results in all weather conditions, especially under cloudy weather conditions where root mean square error (RMSE) was found lowest 0.0025,

R

square stands at 0.99, and coefficient of variation of root mean square error (RMSE) Cv was observed 0.0095%.
Construction of a Computer-Aided Analysis System for Orthopedic Diseases Based on High-Frequency Ultrasound Images
Authors: Xiu Feifei , Rong Guishan , Zhang Tao
Published: January 2022

The area of medical diagnosis has been transformed by computer-aided diagnosis (CAD). With the advancement of technology and the widespread availability of medical data, CAD has gotten a lot of attention, and numerous methods for predicting different pathological diseases have been created. Ultrasound (US) is the safest clinical imaging method; therefore, it is widely utilized in medical and healthcare settings with computer-aided systems. However, owing to patient movement and equipment constraints, certain artefacts make identification of these US pictures challenging. To enhance the quality of pictures for classification and segmentation, certain preprocessing techniques are required. Hence, we proposed a three-stage image segmentation method using U-Net and Iterative Random Forest Classifier (IRFC) to detect orthopedic diseases in ultrasound images efficiently. Initially, the input dataset is preprocessed using Enhanced Wiener Filter for image denoising and image enhancement. Then, the proposed segmentation method is applied. Feature extraction is performed by transform-based analysis. Finally, obtained features are reduced to optimal subset using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The classification is done using the proposed Iterative Random Forest Classifier. The proposed method is compared with the conventional performance measures like accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and dice score. The proposed method is proved to be efficient for detecting orthopedic diseases in ultrasound images than the conventional methods.
Fast Extraction Algorithm for Local Edge Features of Super-Resolution Image
Authors: Chen Feng , Yang Botao
Published: January 2022

Image super-resolution is getting popularity these days in diverse fields, such as medical applications and industrial applications. The accuracy is imperative on image super-resolution. The traditional approaches for local edge feature point extraction algorithms are merely based on edge points for super-resolution images. The traditional algorithms are used to calculate the geometric center of gravity of the edge line when it is near, resulting in a low feature recall rate and unreliable results. In order to overcome these problems of lower accuracy in the existing system, an attempt is made in this research work to propose a new fast extraction algorithm for local edge features of super-resolution images. This paper primarily focuses on the super-resolution image reconstruction model, which is utilized to extract the super-resolution image. The edge contour of the super-resolution image feature is extracted based on the Chamfer distance function. Then, the geometric center of gravity of the closed edge line and the nonclosed edge line are calculated. The algorithm emphasizes on polarizing the edge points with the center of gravity to determine the local extreme points of the upper edge of the amplitude-diameter curve and to determine the feature points of the edges of the super-resolution image. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm consumes 0.02 seconds to extract the local edge features of super-resolution images with an accuracy of up to 96.3%. The experimental results show that our proposed algorithm is an efficient method for the extraction of local edge features from the super-resolution images.
Dental Pulp Stem Cell Heterogeneity: Finding Superior Quality “Needles” in a Dental Pulpal “Haystack” for Regenerative Medicine-Based Applications
Authors: Kok Zi Y. , Alaidaroos Nadia Y. A. , Alraies Amr , Colombo John S. , Davies Lindsay C. , Waddington Rachel J. , Sloan Alastair J. , Moseley Ryan
Published: January 2022

Human dental pulp stem/stromal cells (hDPSCs) derived from the permanent secondary dentition are recognised to possess certain advantageous traits, which support their potential use as a viable source of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) for regenerative medicine-based applications. However, the well-established heterogeneous nature of hDPSC subpopulations, coupled with their limited numbers within dental pulp tissues, has impeded our understanding of hDPSC biology and the translation of sufficient quantities of these cells from laboratory research, through successful therapy development and clinical applications. This article reviews our current understanding of hDPSC biology and the evidence underpinning the molecular basis of their heterogeneity, which may be exploited to distinguish individual subpopulations with specific or superior characteristics for regenerative medicine applications. Pertinent unanswered questions which still remain, regarding the developmental origins, hierarchical organisation, and stem cell niche locations of hDPSC subpopulations and their roles in hDPSC heterogeneity and functions, will further be explored. Ultimately, a greater understanding of how key features, such as specific cell surface, senescence and other relevant genes, and protein and metabolic markers, delineate between hDPSC subpopulations with contrasting stemness, proliferative, multipotency, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and other relevant properties is required. Such knowledge advancements will undoubtedly lead to the development of novel screening, isolation, and purification strategies, permitting the routine and effective identification, enrichment, and expansion of more desirable hDPSC subpopulations for regenerative medicine-based applications. Furthermore, such innovative measures could lead to improved cell expansion, manufacture, and banking procedures, thereby supporting the translational development of hDPSC-based therapies in the future.
Research on Online Education Curriculum Resources Sharing Based on 5G and Internet of Things
Authors: Luo Yang , Kim Kyung Yee
Published: January 2022

Information technology has brought great changes to China’s education. 5G technology provides a better guarantee for the sharing of curriculum resources, facing the extreme shortage of educational resources in China. The contradiction between limited educational resources and unlimited development needs of higher education has become increasingly prominent. How to effectively realize resource sharing among universities has become a problem that must be considered in the talent development of universities. In order to solve this problem, universities must improve the utilization rate of resources, maximize resource sharing, and establish a more perfect resource sharing mechanism under the background of 5G and Internet of Things. This paper analyzes the current situation of research at home and abroad, the current situation of resources development, and the application of online courses under the background of Internet of Things, thus constructing an overall framework of curriculum resource sharing mode. According to effective experiments, the offline curriculum education resource sharing and traditional resource sharing schemes in the background of 5G and Internet are compared, and the necessity and importance of applying 5G Internet of Things are verified.
Wave Propagations in Nonlinear Low-Pass Electrical Transmission Lines through Optical Fiber Medium
Authors: Zulfiqar Aniqa , Ahmad Jamshad , Rani Attia , Ul Hassan Qazi Mahmood
Published: January 2022

The present article discovers the new soliton wave solutions and their propagation in nonlinear low-pass electrical transmission lines (NLETLs). Based on an innovative Exp-function method, multitype soliton solutions of nonlinear fractional evolution equations of NLETLs are established. The equation is reformulated to a fractional-order derivative by using the Jumarie operator. Some new results are also presented graphically to understand the real physical importance of the studied model equation. The physical interpretation of waves is represented in the form of three-dimensional and contour graphs to visualize the underlying dynamic behavior of these solutions for particular values of the parameters. Moreover, the attained outcomes are generally new for the considered model equation, and the results show that the used method is efficient, direct, and concise which can be used in more complex phenomena.
The Roles of RNA Helicases in DNA Damage Repair and Tumorigenesis Reveal Precision Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Xie Jinru , Wen Ming , Zhang Jiao , Wang Zheng , Wang Meng , Qiu Yanfang , Zhao Wenchao , Zhu Fang , Yao Mianfeng , Rong Zhuoxian , Hu Wenfeng , Pei Qian , Sun Xiaoxiang , Li Jinchen , Mao Zhiyong , Sun Lun-Quan , Tan Rong
Published: January 2022

DEAD-box RNA helicases belong to a large group of RNA-processing factors and play vital roles unwinding RNA helices and in ribosomal RNA biogenesis. Emerging evidence indicates that RNA helicases are associated with genome stability, yet the mechanisms behind this association remain poorly understood. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of RNA helicases using multiplatform proteogenomic databases. More than 50% (28/49) of detected RNA helicases were highly expressed in multiple tumor tissues, and more than 60% (17/28) of tumor-associated members were directly involved in DNA damage repair (DDR). Analysis of repair dynamics revealed that these RNA helicases are engaged in an extensively broad range of DDR pathways. Among these factors is DDX21, which was prominently upregulated in colorectal cancer. The high expression of DDX21 gave rise to frequent chromosome exchange and increased genome fragmentation. Mechanistically, aberrantly high expression of DDX21 triggered inappropriate repair processes by delaying homologous recombination repair and increasing replication stress, leading to genome instability and tumorigenesis. Treatment with distinct chemotherapeutic drugs caused higher lethality to cancer cells with genome fragility induced by DDX21, providing a perspective for treatment of tumors with high DDX21 expression. This study revealed the role of RNA helicases in DNA damage and their associations with cancer, which could expand therapeutic strategies and improve precision treatments for cancer patients with high expression of RNA helicases.

Significance:

The involvement of the majority of tumor-associated RNA helicases in the DNA damage repair process suggests a new mechanism of tumorigenesis and offers potential alternative therapeutic strategies for cancer.
Efficacy of Curcuminoids in Managing Postoperative Pain after Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: A Randomized Controlled, Open-Label Trial
Authors: Ariyasriwatana Chai , Phoolcharoen Natacha , Oranratanaphan Shina , Worasethsin Pongkasem
Published: January 2022

Background and Aims: Curcuminoids, which are substances extracted from turmeric (Curcuma longa), have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects and a good safety profile. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of curcuminoid extracts on reducing pain among patients who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy. Experimental Procedure: From November 2016 to December 2017, 98 participants were included in this clinical trial, and they were randomly assigned to the experimental and control arms according to blocks of four. The intraoperative findings did not significantly differ between the two groups. The experimental group received one tablet of curcuminoid extract 250 mg four times a day on postoperative days 1–3. Pain was evaluated at 24 and 72 h postoperatively using a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS). Results and Conclusion: The mean VAS scores at 24 h after surgery were 4.9 in the experimental group and 4.3 in the control group. Hence, the results did not significantly differ (p = 0.129). The mean VAS scores at 72 h after surgery were 1.8 in the experimental group and 2.8 in the control group (p = 0.001). The side effects in both groups were similar. Hence, curcuminoids can be an effective supplement for reducing pain after laparoscopic hysterectomy. The conclusion from this study is that curcuminoids may be an effective supplement to reduce postoperative pain following laparoscopic hysterectomy.
Idiopathic Macular Hole without Vitreomacular Separation
Authors: Ang Angelique Chiu , Hsieh Yi-Ting , Tsui Mei-Chi , Lai Tso-Ting , Yang Chung-May
Published: January 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the clinical features and treatment outcomes of idiopathic full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) without vitreomacular separation (VMS). Methods: Consecutive cases of idiopathic FTMH at one tertiary center from January 2013 to April 2020 were retrospectively recruited. They were separated into two groups according to the findings in optical coherence tomography (OCT): FTMH with VMS and FTMH without VMS. Ophthalmic examinations and OCT were performed pre- and postoperatively. The clinical findings were compared between the two groups. Results: Of the total 124 cases, 15 (12.1%) were noted as FTMH without VMS with the presence of an attached posterior hyaloid (PH) at macula. The macular hole (MH) size was smaller (276.06 ± 170.10 μm) compared to those with VMS (492.83 ± 209.31 μm) (p < 0.001). The incidence of lamellar hole-associated epiretinal proliferation (LHEP) was much higher in this group (13/15, 86.7%) compared to FTMH with VMS (11/109, 10.1%) (p < 0.001). A higher rate of spontaneous closure of MH (13.3%) was also noted in FMTH without VMS (13.3% vs. 0.9% in FTMH with VMS, p = 0.040). After operation, the MH closure rate was 93.3%. The postoperative best-corrected visual acuity was not significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.098). Conclusions: A small percentage (12.1% in this series) of idiopathic FTMH had no VMS. The completely attached PH along with the high incidence of LHEP implied a tangential traction in FTMH without VMS. The MH size was usually small, and the postoperative outcomes were similar to those of conventional FTMH with VMS.
Myocardial Parametric Mapping by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Rao Sruti , Tseng Stephanie Y. , Pednekar Amol , Siddiqui Saira , Kocaoglu Murat , Fares Munes , Lang Sean M. , Kutty Shelby , Christopher Adam B. , Olivieri Laura J. , Taylor Michael D. , Alsaied Tarek
Published: January 2022

Parametric mapping, that is, a pixel-wise map of magnetic relaxation parameters, expands the diagnostic potential of cardiac magnetic resonance by enabling quantification of myocardial tissue-specific magnetic relaxation on an absolute scale. Parametric mapping includes T
1
mapping (native and postcontrast), T
2
and T
2
* mapping, and extracellular volume measurements. The myocardial composition is altered in various disease states affecting its inherent magnetic properties and thus the myocardial relaxation times that can be directly quantified using parametric mapping. Parametric mapping helps in the diagnosis of nonfocal disease states and allows for longitudinal disease monitoring, evaluating therapeutic response (as in Thalassemia patients with iron overload undergoing chelation), and risk-stratification of certain diseases. In this review article, we describe various mapping techniques and their clinical utility in congenital heart disease. We will also review the available literature on normative values in children, the strengths, and weaknesses of these techniques. This review provides a starting point for pediatric cardiologists to understand and implement parametric mapping in their practice.
Impact of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy on the Risk of Stroke Stratified by Subtypes and Follow-Up Time
Authors: Hung Shih-Kai , Lee Moon-Sing , Lin Hon-Yi , Chen Liang-Cheng , Chuang Chi-Jou , Chew Chia-Hui , Yu Ben-Hui , Yang Hsuan-Ju , Hsu Feng-Chun , Chiou Wen-Yen
Published: January 2022

Background and Purpose:

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) comprise 4 subtypes. Previous studies have not investigated the relationship between stroke risk, different HDP subtypes, and follow-up time, which was the purpose of this study.

Methods:

Data of 17 588 women aged 18 to 45 years who had a history of HDP in Taiwan from 2000 to 2017 was retrospectively reviewed. After matching with confounders, 13 617 HDP women and 54 468 non-HDP women were recruited.

Results:

HDP women had an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.71 (95% CI, 1.46−2.00) for stroke, and 1.60 (1.35−1.89) and 2.98 (2.13−4.18) for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, respectively (
P
<0.001 for all). The overall stroke risk in the HDP group was still 2.04 times 10 to 15 years after childbirth (1.47−2.83,
P
<0.001). Although the risks of both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke persisted, their risk time trends were different. The risk of ischemic stroke reached peak during 1 to 3 years after childbirth with an aHR of 2.14 (1.36–3.38), while hemorrhagic stroke risk gradually increased and had an aHR of 4.64 (2.47−8.73) after 10 to 15 years of childbirth (both
P
<0.001). Among the 4 HDP subtypes, chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia had the highest stroke risk (aHR=3.86, 1.91−7.82,
P
<0.001), followed by preeclampsia–eclampsia (aHR=2.00, 1.63−2.45,
P
<0.001), and gestational hypertension (aHR=1.68, 1.13−2.52,
P
<0.05); chronic preexisting hypertension had the lowest stroke risk (aHR=1.27, 0.97−1.68,
P
>0.05). Furthermore, multiple HDP combined with preeclampsia had aHR of 5.48 (1.14−26.42,
P
<0.05).

Conclusions:

The effect of HDP on the risk of future stroke persisted for up to 17 years, both for ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. The presence of multiple HDP and preeclampsia further increase the stroke risk.
The Power of the Written Word in Manichaeism
Authors: Moiseeva Evgenia
Published: January 2022

The prominent role books and the act of writing played in the life of the Manichaean Church distinguishes Manichaeism even among other “religions of the book.” This article tackles the question whether the primacy of writing was established by Mani himself or resulted from a development that occurred within the first generations of Mani’s followers. The analysis of the extant fragments of Mani’s own works and early Manichaean texts such as the work of Baraies preserved in the Cologne Mani Codex and the Kephalaia indicate that Mani’s superiority as a writing prophet and the ritual meaning of writing most likely were not part of Mani’s original teaching. Rather, they resulted from the efforts of Manichaean theologians who sought to demonstrate the exceptional status of Mani’s revelation and prophetic mission based on his writings. The Prologue to the Kephalaia of the Teacher played a significant role in this development and contributed extensively to the ritualization of writing in Manichaeism.
Constitutio in actu? Eliezer Dileon’s Letter to the Minsk Kahal, 1817
Authors: Guesnet François
Published: January 2022

A letter by the army contractor Eliezer Dileon to the community board of Minsk relating his audience with Tsar Alexander I of Russia in January 1817 sheds light on the significance of the performative dimension of Jewish intercession. In the perception of the intercessor, due to the personal encounter between the sovereign ruler and himself, the Jews in Russia constitute part of the political and societal fabric of the Empire, it sees them as ‘a people.’ The letter is one of the very few documents describing and confirming the symbolic meaning of an encounter between a monarch and a Jewish intercessor. It reflects on the reciprocal nature of negotiations between the state and the Jewish minority, the limitations in concrete outcomes notwithstanding.
Mucosal Bridge Reconstruction: A Novel Approach for the Vocal Fold Mucosal Bridge
Authors: Başer Engin , Denizoğlu İsmail İlter
Published: January 2022

Introduction:

Mucosal Bridges (MBs) are defined as benign connective tissue abnormalities of unclear etiology that extend over the free surface of the vocal fold, are attached to the front and back of the vocal fold but are not attached to its free surface, and are histologically covered by stratified squamous epithelium. In order to overcome these drawbacks, we aimed to retrospectively evaluate and present the preoperative and postoperative results of patients with MB, who were applied the method we call “Mucosal Bridge Reconstruction” (MBR), which we apply as suturing rather than resection of the MB.

Methods:

Between January 2016 and February 2020, 5 patients who applied to the voice clinic due to dysphonia and were diagnosed with MB via laryngostroboscopic examination and direct laryngoscopy under general anesthesia were included in the study. Dr Speech software was used for acoustic analysis; mean fundamental frequency (fo), jitter %, shimmer %, and noise to harmonic ratio (NHR) were objectively measured and recorded. Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10) was used for positive self-reporting of the severity of vocal symptoms. GRBAS scale (G: Grade, R: Roughness, B: Breathiness, A: Asthenia, and S: Strain) was also used (by the same clinician) for clinic subjective evaluation.

Results:

Patient age ranged from 33 to 55 years and mean patient age was 42 years. Mean duration of symptoms was 22 months (range 16-30). Mean postoperative follow-up time was 14 months (range 6-24). Unilateral MB was observed in all patients (2 left, 3 right). There was a significant improvement in objective and subjective assessment methods in all our patients after surgery.

Conclusions:

According to the results of our few patients, MBR offers a physiological and anatomical approach to the treatment of patients with MB. The outcomes of delicate microlaryngeal surgery are promising.
Systemic Racism in Canadian Occupational Therapy: A Qualitative Study with Therapists
Authors: Beagan Brenda L. , Sibbald Kaitlin R. , Bizzeth Stephanie R. , Pride Tara M.
Published: January 2022

Background. Research on racism within occupational therapy is scant, though there are hints that racialized therapists struggle. Purpose. This paper examines experiences of racism in occupational therapy, including coping strategies and resistance. Method. Ten therapists from racialized groups (not including Indigenous peoples) were recruited for cross-Canada, in-person or telephone interviews. Transcripts were coded and inductively analysed, with data thematically organized by types of racism and responses. Findings. Interpersonal racism involving clients, students, colleagues and managers is supported by institutional racism when incidents of racism are met with inaction, and racialized therapists are rarely in leadership roles. Structural racism means the experiences of racialized people are negated within the profession. Cognitive sense-making becomes a key coping strategy, especially when resistance is costly. Implications. Peer supports and community building among racialized therapists may be beneficial, but dismantling structures of racism demands interrogating how whiteness is built into business-as-usual in occupational therapy.
Declining Women Work Participation in Rural India: Trends, Causes and Policy Implications
Authors: Mamgain Rajendra P. , Khan Khalid
Published: January 2022

One of the major policy concerns in recent years has been decline in the number of women workers in the Indian labour market. The ‘education’ and ‘income’ effect hypotheses for such decline are generally advocated. Such analyses, however, are limited in their focus. This study attempts to fill up this gap by exclusively focusing on rural women. Using the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) data for the years 2004–2005 and 2011–2012 and Periodic Labour Force Survey data for the year 2017–2018, it observes a widespread decline in rural women’s work participation rates (WPRs) across their different social groups, income strata and states in the country albeit at a significantly varying rate. While the major decline in women WPRs in the age-group, 15–24 years has been in favour of education, it has been largely in favour of ‘domestic works’ in the other age-groups. The major decline in women workforce is observed in case of those as not-literates, ‘unpaid family labour’ in agriculture and ‘casual wage labour’ both in farm and non-farm sectors. This is largely due to contraction in self-employment and casual wage works both in farm and non-farm sectors, more so during recent period. This study finds a positive impact of rising household income on women’s WPRs. While education emerges as a significant predictor of women joining workforce, its iteration with their social groups shows differing impact of similar level of education on different caste groups. It offers inputs for policy measures to be aimed at providing decent livelihoods in rural areas in a big scale, with strong focus on reducing caste and gender disparities.

JEL Codes: E24, J16, J21, J18
Gender, Life Domains, and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration: A Partial Test of Agnew’s General Theory of Crime and Delinquency
Authors: Ngo Fawn T. , Zavala Egbert , Piquero Alex R.
Published: January 2022

Objectives

We assess the proposed mechanisms outlined in Agnew’s General Theory of Crime and Delinquency about gender differences in crime and deviance (gender differences are due to differences between males and females in their standing on the life domains or differences in the effect of the life domains on the phenomenon among males and females) in accounting for sex differences in intimate partner violence (IPV) among a sample of young adults.

Methods

Drawing data from the International Dating Violence Study (IDVS) and employing the negative binomial regression method, we examined the effects of six self-domains, four family domains, one school/work domain, and one peer domain measures on IPV.

Results

Although males reported a higher frequency across all five life domains compared to females, the number of life domain variables that were significantly related to IPV among females was greater than the number among males. Further, the effects of the life domain variables on IPV were different for males and females with the peer variable (criminal peers) exhibiting the greatest effect on IPV among males and the self-domain (anger issues) demonstrating the greatest effect on IPV among females.

Conclusions

Agnew’s theory is well suited to assess sex differences in IPV.
Pre-career exposure to violence as a predictor of emotional distress among police recruits
Authors: McQuerrey Tuttle Brooke , Cho Yeokil , Waldrop Tia C
Published: January 2022

The occupational risks to police mental health are widely known; however, less is known about how early life experiences and pre-academy stressors influence the emotional wellness of recruits in an academy setting. The present study investigated the links between pre-career exposure to violence and emotional wellness among a sample of 1,072 police recruits. Results of path analyses revealed that direct exposure to physical violence prior to age 18 was a significant factor for recruit emotional distress, whereas indirect exposure to violence did not significantly predict emotional distress. Findings carry implications for considering a lifespan approach to understanding police stress.
Self-Esteem Moderates the Relationship Between Secure Attachment and Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Preadolescence
Authors: Irvine Taylor J. , Aults Christopher D. , Menon Meenakshi
Published: January 2022

This longitudinal study examined the interactive effects of secure attachment and self-esteem on change in internalizing and externalizing problems in a sample of preadolescents. 407 youth ( Mage = 11.1 years) completed measures of self-esteem, secure attachment style, and peer nomination inventories tapping internalizing and externalizing problems at the beginning of the fourth and fifth grades. Results suggest that internalizing and externalizing problems may be reduced for securely attached youth with high self-esteem. Implications for future research are examined, along with a discussion on clinical applications of studies involving interaction effects.
Teachers’ Mindsets about L2 Learning: Exploring the Influences on Pedagogical Practices
Authors: Zarrinabadi Nourollah , Afsharmehr Elnaz
Published: January 2022

This qualitative study aimed to examine Iranian language teachers’ mindsets about language learning and teaching, and the ways in which their mindsets influenced their educational practices. The participants of this study were 20 Iranian language teachers who taught general English courses at private language institutes in a city in central Iran. The data were collected through conducting semi-structured interviews with the participants. The qualitative content analysis was conducted, and the main themes and categories were extracted. The results revealed that teachers had categorical (fixed or growth) or mixed mindsets (both fixed and growth mindsets). Moreover, the results showed that teachers’ mindsets influenced teachers’ pedagogical strategies, homework assignment, and their praise type. The findings show that it is important to raise teachers’ awareness about their mindsets and the effects they might have on their teaching strategies and the feedback/praise they give to their students.
Premature rejection in science: The case of the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis
Authors: Powell James Lawrence
Published: January 2022

The progress of science has sometimes been unjustifiably delayed by the premature rejection of a hypothesis for which substantial evidence existed and which later achieved consensus. Continental drift, meteorite impact cratering, and anthropogenic global warming are examples from the first half of the twentieth century. This article presents evidence that the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis (YDIH) is a twenty-first century case.

The hypothesis proposes that the airburst or impact of a comet ∼12,850 years ago caused the ensuing ∼1200-year-long Younger Dryas (YD) cool period and contributed to the extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna in the Western Hemisphere and the disappearance of the Clovis Paleo-Indian culture. Soon after publication, a few scientists reported that they were unable to replicate the critical evidence and the scientific community at large came to reject the hypothesis. By today, however, many independent studies have reproduced that evidence at dozens of YD sites. This article examines why scientists so readily accepted the early false claims of irreproducibility and what lessons the premature rejection of the YDIH holds for science.
Learning in Context and Practicing in Place: Engaging Preservice Teachers in Urban-Focused Context Specific Teacher Education
Authors: Matsko Kavita Kapadia , Hammerness Karen , Lee Robert E.
Published: January 2022

Teacher education programs are increasingly taking up commitments to prepare new teachers for equitable teaching. Despite best intentions, programs feel challenged to help candidates translate these commitments into classroom practice. Using a context-specific teacher education framework, we conducted a mixed-methods study of seven urban-focused programs to understand how they targeted preparation for urban contexts. We found that while programs offer multiple opportunities to learn about content embedded in context, fewer opportunities exist for candidates to practice in context, and that faculty play a critical bridging role in designing practice opportunities that are informed by program vision.
The Mediation of Family Context and Youth Depressive Symptoms by Adolescent Emotion Regulation
Authors: LaMontagne Liva G. , Diehl David C. , Doty Jennifer L. , Smith Sarah
Published: January 2022

During adolescence, young people develop crucial capacity for emotion regulation, and family context can be a risk or protective factor for adolescents developing affective disorders. We leveraged data from the Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey ( N = 7664) to propose adolescent emotion regulation as a mediator between family conflict, family protection, and adolescent depressive symptoms in the social development model. Latent moderated structural equation modeling revealed that adolescent regulation of negative emotions mediated the relationship between family conflict and depressive symptoms—adolescents with higher family conflict had more emotion regulation difficulties and more depressive symptoms. Adolescent age was a moderator such that associations between family protective factors and reduced depression, and between family conflict and emotion regulation difficulties were weaker in high school compared to middle school. Findings highlight the importance of youth emotion regulation processes and family emotional context in reducing adolescent depressive symptoms.
Identity in Postgenomic Times: Epigenetic Knowledge and the Pursuit of Biological Origins
Authors: van Wichelen Sonja
Published: January 2022

As genetic knowledge continues to strengthen notions of identity in Euro-American societies and beyond, epigenetic knowledge is intervening in these legitimation frameworks. I explore these interventions in the realm of assisted reproduction—including adoption, donor conception, and gestational surrogacy. The right to identity is protected legally in many states and receives due attention in public and private international law. Originating from the context of adoption, donor-conceived and surrogacy-born persons have recently demanded the same protections and focused on the right to genetic knowledge. This article explores possible implications of epigenetic knowledge on identity. I start by articulating the deep influence of genetics on the notion of identity, and how this unfolds in legal contexts. Next, I examine how epigenetic findings that stress the importance of seeing biological life as situated and embedded in environments can challenge how adoption, donor conception, and gestational surrogacy are experienced and understood. While I argue that epigenetic knowledge can reify identity with the same determinism underpinning genetics, it can also allow for more biosocial understandings of identity that consider history and experience as entangled with biology.
‘We Pay to Buy Ourselves’: Netflix, Spectators & Streaming
Authors: Rodríguez Ortega Vicente
Published: January 2022

This article explains how Netflix has transformed the ways in which we interact with media in the contemporary milieu. I argue that Netflix works through a process of planned differentiation, designing unique customization experiences to create a new type of media user that participates in its global and regional release and production strategies. This leads me into a discussion of how the Netflix interface manages the spectators’ experience through a series of connected features. Thus, I detail Netflix’ personalization mechanisms, proposing that, ultimately, its users ‘pay to buy themselves’, or the version of themselves its interface offers back to users upon systematically gathering data on their habits. Finally, I remark that the key characteristics of the current streaming service/spectator relationship are deceptive limitlessness, customization, the automation of content flow and ubiquity, weaving a form of audiovisual engagement that has partially and, at times completely, conquered our everyday.
Trajectories of Spatial Assimilation or Place Stratification? A Typology of Residence and Workplace Histories of Newly Arrived Migrants in Sweden
Authors: Chihaya Guilherme Kenji , Marcińczak Szymon , Strömgren Magnus , Lindgren Urban , Tammaru Tiit
Published: January 2022

In most societies, resources and opportunities are concentrated in neighborhoods and workplaces occupied by the host population. The spatial assimilation and place stratification theories propose trajectories (the sequences of events) leading to minority and migrant access to or exclusion from these advantageous places. However, most previous research on these theories did not ask whether such theorized trajectories occur. We apply sequence analysis to decade-long residence and workplace histories of newly arrived migrants in Sweden to identify a typology of combined residence-work trajectories. The seven types of trajectories in our typology are characterized by varying degrees of proximity to the host population in residential neighborhoods and workplaces and by different patterns of change in such proximity over time. The pivotal role of socioeconomic gains in spatial assimilation, posited by the namesake theory, is not supported, as we do not find that migrant employment precedes residence alongside the host population. The importance of housing-market discrimination for migrants’ exclusion from host-dominated spaces, posited by place stratification theory, is only weakly supported, as we find that migrants from less affluent countries accumulate disadvantage over time, likely due to discrimination in both the labor and housing markets. Our findings also underscore the need for new theories explaining migrant residential outcomes which apply to contexts where migrant-dense neighborhoods are still forming.
A shift from home to the market: The marketization of reproductive labor in India
Authors: Bhattacharjee Dalia
Published: January 2022

Commercial surrogacy marketizes life's work. In the era of neo-liberalism, women's work, which is often intimately performed within a heterosexual marriage in exchange of support, now remains a principal avenue to earn money. This form of feminization of labor has led to the emergence of markets for women's reproductive capacities. The present study stems from my ethnographic journey into the lives of the women who work as surrogate mothers in India. The narratives presented in the paper emerge from my prolonged fieldwork in Anand, Gujarat. It engages with the experiences, understandings, and the voices of these women, who I term reproductive laborers, in order to examine the notion of putting one's reproductive capacities in this intimate market for money.
“Called” To Speak Out: Employee Career Calling and Voice Behavior
Authors: Chen Jiatian (JT) , May Douglas R. , Schwoerer Catherine E. , Deeg Matt
Published: January 2022

This study is the first one to explore the relation between career calling and employee voice and two potential mediators of this relationship, felt responsibility for constructive change and employee optimism about the future. Surveys from 406 employees of a law enforcement agency in the Midwest U.S. were analyzed using logistic regression and bootstrapping method with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to examine support for the hypotheses’ main and mediating effects. A behavioral measure was used to capture employees’ promotive voice behavior. Results indicated that individuals with stronger career calling were more likely to engage in promotive voice, after controlling for personality, perceptions toward work, and organizational tenure. In addition, career calling was positively associated with both felt responsibility and employee optimism. Finally, felt responsibility for constructive change fully mediated the relationship between career calling and promotive voice. The implications of these findings for researchers and practitioners are discussed.
Childhood Disadvantage and Adult Functional Status: Do Early-Life Exposures Jeopardize Healthy Aging?
Authors: Morton Patricia M.
Published: January 2022

Objectives

To examine whether childhood disadvantage is associated with later-life functional status and identify mediating factors.

Methods

Unique and additive effects of five childhood domains on functional status were assessed at baseline (2006) and over time (2006–2016) in a sample of 13,894 adults from the Health and Retirement Study (>50 years). Adult health behaviors and socioeconomic status (SES) were tested as mediators.

Results

Respondents exposed to multiple childhood disadvantages (OR = .694) as well as low childhood SES (OR = .615), chronic diseases (OR = .694), impairments (OR = .599), and risky adolescent behaviors (OR = .608) were less likely to be free of functional disability by baseline. Over time, these unique and additive effects of childhood disadvantage increased the hazard odds of eventually developing functional disability (e.g., additive effect: hOR = 1.261). Adult health behaviors and SES mediated some of these effects.

Discussion

Given the enduring effects of childhood disadvantage, policies to promote healthy aging should reduce exposure to childhood disadvantage.
An XFEM-Based Approach to Fatigue Crack Growth in Press-Fit Spur Gears
Authors: Güven Fatih
Published: January 2022

Gears mounted on a shaft via interference fit are the subject of an internal pressure which is essential for power transmission between gear and shaft. The pressure between shaft and gear is responsible for additional stresses occurring both in shaft and gear. This study examines the effect of stresses arising due to the interference on the crack growth that exists at the root of the gear tooth. The numerical analyses were conducted on models having different rim thicknesses by using the extended finite element method that allows mesh-independent crack modeling and does not need re-meshing. The results showed that internal pressure yields additional stresses in the tangential direction. The increment in tangential stress changed the location and intensity of the maximal 1st principal stress and accelerated crack growth. As the tightness of the fit increased, the crack turned towards the rim rather than towards the tooth. As the crack growth through the rim may cause a catastrophic failure of gear, the increment in tangential stress due to internal pressure is crucial for the fatigue life of the gear.
Dennis Showalter and the history of armour during Second World War
Authors: Roy Kaushik
Published: January 2022

Whenever one thinks of the World War II, the image of dark menacing panzers cutting deep swathes into enemy forces comes up to the mind. No amount of interpretation and overinterpretation can belittle the extraordinary role-played by the panzers in World War II. Similarly, despite the presence of numerous good works by various historians and introduction of exotic methodologies, Professor Dennis Showalter’s place in the world of academic writings on World War II can never be marginalized. The present article humbly attempts to highlight one aspect of Professor Showalter’s research: history of tanks during the World War II. This essay has two sections. The first section evaluates Showalter’s three works dealing with armour during the World War II. In the next section, the present author, inspired by Showalter’s works on armoured war, attempts to recount the evolution of armoured branch in the Indian Army until the end of World War II. Indian tank units, as this article argues, played a crucial role in the capture of Meiktila and the subsequent ‘Race to Rangoon’.
Where does theory go in military history?
Authors: Black Jeremy
Published: January 2022

This article presents a critique of Whiggish approaches to military history. It begins with this quotation from Dennis Showalter – ‘military history is arguably the last stronghold of what historiographers call the “Whig interpretation”’ – and notes that Showalter’s assessment was a reflection on both the general absence of theory and the linked poverty of the fallback theoretical basket of the subject, with such staples as War and Society, Face of Battle, and Military Revolutions. Recognizing the shortcomings of numerous approaches to military history, the author identifies the challenge – writing military history that incorporates multiple regions and takes a global approach. As the author concludes, the problem for the historian remains how best to address the complex interactions of, in particular, change and continuity, structure and conjuncture, the West and the wider world, and to do so to produce an account that is able to identify and probe crucial issues and key questions.