bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concentration and Recovery of Valuable Heavy Minerals from Dredged Fine Aggregate Waste
Authors: Moscoso-Pinto Fausto , Kim Hyung-Seok
Published: January 2021

Inside the finest fractions of aggregates, usually wasted by ready mix concrete companies, valuable heavy minerals content is substantial. The concentration and recovery of valuable heavy minerals contained in dredged fine aggregates waste, located in Pyeongtaek South Korea, were investigated to develop a process that can recover and concentrate most of each heavy mineral. The raw material contains ilmenite, magnetite, monazite, and zircon. A gravity separation, recirculating the middlings recovered ilmenite, magnetite, monazite, and zircon with 44.05%, 36.90%, 53.76%, and 69.7% respectively. Nevertheless, a magnetic separation followed by gravity separation of the non-magnetic fraction further improved the recovery of ilmenite, magnetite, monazite, and zircon to 86.96%, 85.09%, 91.06%, and 90.82% respectively. This concentrate was separated at different magnetic intensities. Magnetite was concentrated at 0.05 T, resulting in a recovery of 23.4% and grade of 95.1 wt%. Ilmenite was at 0.4 T, with a recovery of 55.2% and grade of 84.2 wt%. Monazite was at 0.9 T, with a recovery of 59.3% and rare earth oxide content of 45.2%, the non-magnetic fraction has a high zircon content, the recovery was 70.6% and grade of 91.8 wt%.
Enantioseparation of 5,5′-Dibromo-2,2′-dichloro-3-selanyl-4,4′-bipyridines on Polysaccharide-Based Chiral Stationary Phases: Exploring Chalcogen Bonds in Liquid-Phase Chromatography
Authors: Peluso Paola , Dessì Alessandro , Dallocchio Roberto , Sechi Barbara , Gatti Carlo , Chankvetadze Bezhan , Mamane Victor , Weiss Robin , Pale Patrick , Aubert Emmanuel , Cossu Sergio
Published: January 2021

The chalcogen bond (ChB) is a noncovalent interaction based on electrophilic features of regions of electron charge density depletion (σ-holes) located on bound atoms of group VI. The σ-holes of sulfur and heavy chalcogen atoms (Se, Te) (donors) can interact through their positive electrostatic potential (V) with nucleophilic partners such as lone pairs, π-clouds, and anions (acceptors). In the last few years, promising applications of ChBs in catalysis, crystal engineering, molecular biology, and supramolecular chemistry have been reported. Recently, we explored the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) enantioseparation of fluorinated 3-arylthio-4,4′-bipyridines containing sulfur atoms as ChB donors. Following this study, herein we describe the comparative enantioseparation of three 5,5′-dibromo-2,2′-dichloro-3-selanyl-4,4′-bipyridines on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) aiming to understand function and potentialities of selenium σ-holes in the enantiodiscrimination process. The impact of the chalcogen substituent on enantioseparation was explored by using sulfur and non-chalcogen derivatives as reference substances for comparison. Our investigation also focused on the function of the perfluorinated aromatic ring as a π-hole donor recognition site. Thermodynamic quantities associated with the enantioseparation were derived from van’t Hoff plots and local electron charge density of specific molecular regions of the interacting partners were inspected in terms of calculated V. On this basis, by correlating theoretical data and experimental results, the participation of ChBs and π-hole bonds in the enantiodiscrimination process was reasonably confirmed.
Efficient Separation of Phytochemicals from Muehlenbeckia volcanica (Benth.) Endl. by Polarity-Stepwise Elution Counter-Current Chromatography and Their Antioxidant, Antiglycation, and Aldose Reductase Inhibition Potentials
Authors: Zuo Guang-Lei , Kim Hyun Yong , Guillen Quispe Yanymee N. , Wang Zhi-Qiang , Hwang Seung Hwan , Shin Kyong-Oh , Lim Soon Sung
Published: January 2021

Muehlenbeckia volcanica (Benth.) Endl. (M. volcanica), native to South America, is a traditional Peruvian medicinal plant that has multi-therapeutic properties; however, no phytochemicals have been identified from it yet. In this study, a five-step polarity-stepwise elution counter-current chromatography (CCC) was developed using methanol/water (1:5, v/v) as the stationary phase and different ratios of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol as mobile phases to separate the compounds from the 70% methanol extract of M. volcanica, by which six compounds with a wide range of polarities were separated in a single run of CCC and were identified as gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, 4,4′-dihydroxy-3,3′-imino-di-benzoic acid, rutin, quercitrin, and quercetin. Then, two compounds from the fractions of stepwise elution CCC were separated using conventional high-speed CCC, pH-zone-refining CCC, and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, and identified as shikimic acid and miquelianin. These compounds are reported from M. volcanica for the first time. Notably, except for shikimic acid, all other compounds showed anti-diabetic potentials via antioxidant, antiglycation, and aldose reductase inhibition. The results suggest that the polarity-stepwise elution CCC can be used to efficiently separate or fractionate compounds with a wide range of polarities from natural products. Moreover, M. volcanica and its bioactive compounds are potent anti-diabetic agents.
Application of HPLC-DAD for In Vitro Investigation of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Activity of Selected Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Sanguinaria canadensis Extracts
Authors: Tuzimski Tomasz , Petruczynik Anna
Published: January 2021

Isoquinoline alkaloids may have a wide range of pharmacological activities. Some of them have acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition. Nowadays, neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease have become a serious public health problem. Searching for new effective compounds with inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity is one of the most significant challenges of modern scientific research. The aim of this study was the in vitro investigation of acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition of extracts obtained from Sanguinaria canadensis collected before, during and after flowering. The acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition of these extracts has not been previously tested. The aim was also to quantify selected alkaloids in the investigated extracts by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The analyses of alkaloid content were performed using HPLC in reversed phase (RP) mode using Polar RP column and mobile phase containing acetonitrile, water and ionic liquid (IL). The acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition of the tested plant extracts and respective alkaloid standards were examined using high performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) for the quantification of 5-thio-2-nitro-benzoic acid, which is the product of the reaction between the thiocholine (product of the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine reaction) with Ellman reagent. The application of the HPLC method allowed for elimination of absorption of interfering components, for example, alkaloids such as sanguinarine and berberine. It is revealed that the HPLC method can be successfully used for the evaluation of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity in samples such as plant extracts, especially those containing colored components adsorbing at wavelength in the range 405–412 nm. The acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity synergy of pairs of alkaloid standards and mixture of all investigated alkaloids was also determined. Most investigated alkaloids and all Sanguinaria canadensis extracts exhibited very high acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition. IC50 values obtained for alkaloid standards were from 0.36 for berberine to 23.13 µg/mL for protopine and from 61.24 to 89.14 µg/mL for Sanguinaria canadensis extracts. Our investigations demonstrated that these plant extracts can be recommended for further in vivo experiments to confirm their acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition.
When Attempting Chain Extension, Even Without Solvent, It Is Not Possible to Avoid Chojnowski Metathesis Giving D3
Authors: Liao Mengchen , Chen Yang , Brook Michael A.
Published: January 2021

A simple, mild and efficient method to prepare HSi- or HOSi-telechelic, high-molecular-weight polydimethylsiloxane polymers (to 41,600 g·mol−1) using the one-shot hydrolysis of MHMH is reported; titration of the water allowed for higher molecular weights (to 153,900 g·mol−1). The “living” character of the chain extension processes was demonstrated by adding a small portion of MHMH and B(C6F5)3 (BCF) to a first formed polymer, which led to a ~2-fold, second growth in molecular weight. The heterogeneous reaction reached completion in less than 30 min, much less in some cases, regardless of whether it was performed neat or 50 wt% in dry toluene; homogeneous reactions in toluene were much slower. The process does not involve traditional redistribution, as judged by the low quantities (<3%) of D4 produced. However, it is not possible to avoid Chojnowski metathesis from MHDDMH giving D3, which occurs competitively with chain extension.
Strawberry Decreases Intraluminal and Intestinal Wall Hydrolysis of Testosterone Undecanoate
Authors: Zgair Atheer , Dawood Yousaf , Ibrahem Suhaib M. , Lee Jong Bong , Feng Wanshan , Fischer Peter M. , Gershkovich Pavel
Published: January 2021

Male hypogonadism is often treated by testosterone (T) replacement therapy such as oral administration of the ester prodrug, testosterone undecanoate (TU). However, the systemic exposure to T following oral TU is very low due to esterase-mediated metabolism, particularly in the small intestine. The aim of this work was to examine the esterase-inhibitory effect of natural fruit extract of strawberry (STW) on the intestinal degradation of TU as a potential approach to increasing the oral bioavailability of T. Herein, the hydrolysis of TU was assessed in fasted state simulated intestinal fluid with added esterase activity (FaSSIF/ES) and Caco-2 cell homogenates in the presence of STW extract. It is noteworthy that STW substantially inhibited the degradation of TU in FaSSIF/ES and Caco-2 cell homogenates at concentrations that could be achieved following oral consumption of less than one serving of STW fruit. This can significantly increase the fraction of unhydrolyzed TU in the intestinal lumen as well as in enterocytes. In addition, it was demonstrated that TU has high intestinal lymphatic transport potential as the association of TU with plasma-derived human chylomicrons was in the range of 84%. Therefore, oral co-administration of TU with STW could potentially increase the intestinal stability of TU and consequently the contribution of lymphatically delivered TU to the systemic exposure of T in vivo.
Evaluation of Changes in Protein Quality of High-Pressure Treated Aqueous Aquafaba
Authors: Alsalman Fatemah B. , Ramaswamy Hosahalli S.
Published: January 2021

Chickpea cooking water (CCW), known as aquafaba, has potential as a replacement for egg whites due to its emulsion and foaming properties which come from the proteins and starch that leach out from chickpeas into the cooking water. High pressure (HP) processing has the ability to modify the functional characteristics of proteins. It is hypothesized that HP processing could favorably affect the functional properties of CCW proteins by influencing their structure. The objective of this study to evaluate the effect of HP treatment on the associated secondary structure, emulsion properties and thermal characteristics of CCW proteins. A central composite rotatable design is used with pressure level (227–573 MPa) and treatment time (6–24 min) as HP variables, and concentration of freeze dried CCW aquafaba powder (11–29%) as product variable, and compared to untreated CCW powder. HP improves aquafaba emulsion properties compared to control sample. HP reduces protein aggregates by 33.3%, while β-sheets decreases by 4.2–87.6% in which both correlated to increasing protein digestibility. α-helices drops by 50%. It affects the intensity of some HP treated samples, but not the trend of bands in most of them. HP treatment decreases Td and enthalpy because of increasing the degree of denaturation.
Human Nails Permeation of an Antifungal Candidate Hydroalcoholic Extract from the Plant Sapindus saponaria L. Rich in Saponins
Authors: Mendes Vanessa , Veiga Flávia Franco , de Castro-Hoshino Lidiane Vizioli , Sato Francielle , Baesso Mauro Luciano , Vesco Beatriz , Cruz Elton , Ferreira Izabel Cristina Piloto , Negri Melyssa , Svidzinski Terezinha Inez Estivalet
Published: January 2021

We evaluated a hydroalcoholic extract of Sapindus saponaria L. pericarps (ETHOSS), as a candidate to a topical antifungal medicine for onychomycosis. ETHOSS was produced by extracting the crushed fruits in ethanol. The saponin contents were identified and characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. We measured the in vitro antifungal activity against three dermatophyte fungi, isolated from onychomycosis: Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, and T. interdigitale, using broth microdilution tests. The minimum fungicide concentration of ETHOSS ranged from 195.31 to 781.25 μg/mL. The cytotoxicity of the crude extract was tested on the HeLa cell line, and its ability to permeate into healthy human nails by photoacoustic spectroscopy and Fourier transformation infrared spectrometer (FTIR) spectroscopy by attenuated total reflection. Besides its strong antifungal activity, ETHOSS showed low cytotoxicity in human cells. It was able to permeate and reach the full thickness of the nail in one hour, without the aid of facilitating vehicles, and remained there for at least 24 h. These results suggest that ETHOSS has great potential for treating onychomycosis.
Does Antibody Stabilize the Ligand Binding in GP120 of HIV-1 Envelope Protein? Evidence from MD Simulation
Authors: Yadav Shalini , Pandey Vishnudatt , Kumar Tiwari Rakesh , Ojha Rajendra Prasad , Dubey Kshatresh Dutta
Published: January 2021

CD4-mimetic HIV-1 entry inhibitors are small sized molecules which imitate similar conformational flexibility, in gp120, to the CD4 receptor. However, the mechanism of the conformational flexibility instigated by these small sized inhibitors is little known. Likewise, the effect of the antibody on the function of these inhibitors is also less studied. In this study, we present a thorough inspection of the mechanism of the conformational flexibility induced by a CD4-mimetic inhibitor, NBD-557, using Molecular Dynamics Simulations and free energy calculations. Our result shows the functional importance of Asn425 in substrate induced conformational dynamics in gp120. The MD simulations of Asn425Gly mutant provide a less dynamic gp120 in the presence of NBD-557 without incapacitating the binding enthalpy of NBD-557. The MD simulations of complexes with the antibody clearly show the enhanced affinity of NBD-557 due to the presence of the antibody, which is in good agreement with experimental Isothermal Titration Calorimetry results (Biochemistry2006, 45, 10973–10980).
Experimental Characterization of Viscoelastic Behaviors of Nano-TiO2/CaCO3 Modified Asphalt and Asphalt Mixture
Authors: Wu Chunli , Li Liding , Wang Wensheng , Gu Zhengwei
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this paper is to promote the application of nano-TiO2/CaCO3 in bituminous materials and present an experimental characterization of viscoelastic behaviors of bitumen and bituminous mixture modified by nano-TiO2/CaCO3. In this work, a series of viscoelastic behavior characterization tests were conducted, including dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test for bitumen, uniaxial static compression creep test and dynamic modulus test for bituminous mixture. Moreover, various viscoelastic models with clear physical meanings were used to evaluate the influence of nano-TiO2/CaCO3 on the macroscopic performance of bitumen and bituminous mixture. The results show that bitumen and its mixtures are time-temperature dependent. The Christensen-Anderson-Marasteanu (CAM) model of frequency sweep based on DSR test indicated that adding nano-TiO2/CaCO3 can effectively capture the sensitivity of temperature. In addition, the incorporation of nano-TiO2/CaCO3 in bituminous mixture can significantly enhance the high-temperature anti-rutting, and slightly improve the low-temperature anti-cracking as well. At the same time, the modified Burgers model can accurately describe the viscoelastic behavior of bituminous mixtures in the first two creep stages, reflecting the consolidation effect of bituminous mixture. Also, the generalized Sigmoidal model can accurately grasp the characteristics of the relationship between dynamic modulus and reduced frequency and achieve good prediction effects in a wider frequency range.
Analysis of the Alignment of Non-Random Patterns of Spin Directions in Populations of Spiral Galaxies
Authors: Shamir Lior
Published: January 2021

Observations of non-random distribution of galaxies with opposite spin directions have recently attracted considerable attention. Here, a method for identifying cosine-dependence in a dataset of galaxies annotated by their spin directions is described in the light of different aspects that can impact the statistical analysis of the data. These aspects include the presence of duplicate objects in a dataset, errors in the galaxy annotation process, and non-random distribution of the asymmetry that does not necessarily form a dipole or quadrupole axes. The results show that duplicate objects in the dataset can artificially increase the likelihood of cosine dependence detected in the data, but a very high number of duplicate objects is required to lead to a false detection of an axis. Inaccuracy in galaxy annotations has relatively minor impact on the identification of cosine dependence when the error is randomly distributed between clockwise and counterclockwise galaxies. However, when the error is not random, even a small bias of 1% leads to a statistically significant cosine dependence that peaks at the celestial pole. Experiments with artificial datasets in which the distribution was not random showed strong cosine dependence even when the data did not form a full dipole axis alignment. The analysis when using the unmodified data shows asymmetry profile similar to the profile shown in multiple previous studies using several different telescopes.
Plant Functional Genomics in A Few Days: Laser-Assisted Delivery of Double-Stranded RNA to Higher Plants
Authors: Killiny Nabil , Gonzalez-Blanco Pedro , Gowda Siddarame , Martini Xavier , Etxeberria Ed
Published: January 2021

The technology of transgenic plants is challenging and time consuming, especially for higher plants and trees such as citrus. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) delivery via a plant virus is an alternative method to create transgenic plants by suppressing the expression of plant endogenous genes. Citrus tristeza virus-based vector has been constructed specifically for use in citrus trees. However, this is time-consuming, as it can take up to nine months to produce the desired phenotype. Here we describe a much faster method for the study of gene function in citrus trees. In the current study, we used laser light for the delivery of dsRNA to citrus leaves. We targeted the endogenous reporter gene phytoene desaturase (PDS) and obtained the classical phenotype (leaf bleaching) in only three days after the laser-assisted delivery. Interestingly, the phenotype response was systemic, which indicates the movement of dsRNA and/or ssRNA within the plants. In addition, dsRNAs were taken up by phloem cells and the bleaching phenotype was clear around the main veins. In conclusion, the delivery of dsRNA to plants through laser treatment may provide a fast and more specific tool to study the gene function in higher plants and trees.
Development of Carbonization and a Relatively High-Temperature Halogenation Process for the Removal of Radionuclides from Spent Ion Exchange Resins
Authors: Yang Hee-Chul , Park Hyeon-Oh , Park Kyu-Tae , Kim Sung-Jun , Kim Hyung-Ju , Eun Hee-Chul , Lee Keunyoung
Published: January 2021

This study investigated a two-step thermochemical treatment process consisting of carbonization and halogenation for the removal of radionuclides from spent cation-exchange resin (CER). Based on a thermal analysis of cation-exchange resins, we propose a two-step thermochemical treatment process involving the conversion of spent CER into pyrocarbon and then the removal of radioactive elements from the carbonized CER by converting them volatile halides at very high temperatures. The proposed process mainly consists of a carbonization and halogenation reactor, a UHC (unburned hydrocarbon) combustor, and wet scrubber. A step-by-step experimental and numerical optimization study was conducted with the carbonization and halogenation reactor and the UHC combustor. The optimum operating conditions could be established based on the results of a thermal analysis of the CER, a nonisothermal kinetic analysis, a numerical modeling study of a plug flow reactor (PFR)-type combustor, and a thermodynamic equilibrium analysis of a system consisting of a mix of carbonized CER and halogenation gas. The results of this study present detailed design of a novel multifunctional reactor and operating conditions of a bench-scale carbonization and halogenation process. Basic performance tests using CER doped with nonradioactive Co and Cs, indicated as Cs-137/134 and Co-60/58, were conducted under the optimized conditions. The results of these tests showed that the novel thermochemical process proposed in this study is a viable process that effectively removes radioactive elements from spent CER.
A Confucian Defense of Shame: Morality, Self-Cultivation, and the Dangers of Shamelessness
Authors: Berkson Mark
Published: January 2021

Many philosophers and scholars in the West have a negative view of shame. In much of post-classical Western ethical thought, shame is compared negatively with guilt, as shame is associated with the “outer”, how one appears before others (and thus is merely a matter of “face”), and guilt is associated with the “inner” realm of the conscience and soul. Anthropologists and philosophers have used this framework to distinguish more morally evolved Western “guilt cultures” from Asian “shame cultures”. Many psychologists also have a negative view of shame, seeing it as damaging to the self and “devastating in its consequences”. In this paper, I argue that the understandings of shame found in these philosophers and psychologists are misguided, and that their flaws can be revealed by looking at the understanding of shame in the classical Confucian tradition. In response to philosophers who see shame as a “lesser” moral emotion than guilt, Confucius (孔子 Kongzi) and Mencius (孟子 Mengzi) will articulate an understanding of shame that has a deeply internal dimension and is more essential in the process of moral cultivation than guilt. In response to the psychologists who warn about the harm of shame, the Confucians will help us distinguish between moral and pathological shame, showing us why the latter is harmful, but the former is something that no moral person can be without. I will show that the Confucian perspective on shame and guilt is profoundly relevant to the historical moment we are living in (particularly the years of the Trump Administration), and that the Confucian view demonstrates that there is something much worse, and far more devastating, than shame in its consequences—shamelessness.
Towards a Robust Visual Place Recognition in Large-Scale vSLAM Scenarios Based on a Deep Distance Learning
Authors: Chen Liang , Jin Sheng , Xia Zhoujun
Published: January 2021

The application of deep learning is blooming in the field of visual place recognition, which plays a critical role in visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (vSLAM) applications. The use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) achieve better performance than handcrafted feature descriptors. However, visual place recognition is still a challenging task due to two major problems, i.e., perceptual aliasing and perceptual variability. Therefore, designing a customized distance learning method to express the intrinsic distance constraints in the large-scale vSLAM scenarios is of great importance. Traditional deep distance learning methods usually use the triplet loss which requires the mining of anchor images. This may, however, result in very tedious inefficient training and anomalous distance relationships. In this paper, a novel deep distance learning framework for visual place recognition is proposed. Through in-depth analysis of the multiple constraints of the distance relationship in the visual place recognition problem, the multi-constraint loss function is proposed to optimize the distance constraint relationships in the Euclidean space. The new framework can support any kind of CNN such as AlexNet, VGGNet and other user-defined networks to extract more distinguishing features. We have compared the results with the traditional deep distance learning method, and the results show that the proposed method can improve the performance by 19–28%. Additionally, compared to some contemporary visual place recognition techniques, the proposed method can improve the performance by 40%/36% and 27%/24% in average on VGGNet/AlexNet using the New College and the TUM datasets, respectively. It’s verified the method is capable to handle appearance changes in complex environments.
Case Study: Transition to a Vegan Diet in an Elite Male Gaelic Football Player
Authors: Davey Daniel , Malone Shane , Egan Brendan
Published: January 2021

Vegan diets are increasingly of interest to athletes, but require a well-planned approach in order to mitigate the risk of potential adverse effects on nutrient intakes, and consequently performance. This case study reports the process of an elite male Gaelic football player (age 25 years; height, 1.88 m; body mass, 87.8 kg; lean body mass, 73.26 kg; body fat, 11.3%) transitioning from an omnivorous diet to a vegan diet at the beginning of a competitive season. The report encompasses key considerations in the planning and provision of nutrition support in this context, in addition to iterations needed based on challenges presented by the athlete. Analysis of nutrient intake (Nutritics Dietary Analysis Software), body composition (dual X-ray absorptiometry; Lunar iDXA, GE Healthcare), and running performance during match-play (global positioning system-based tracking; STATSports Apex) each indicated that with adequate knowledge and education, and appropriate planning, commitment and iterative feedback, the athlete was able to meet nutrition targets on a vegan diet without compromising key performance indicators compared to the omnivorous diet of the previous season. We anticipate that this case study will assist practitioners to recognize the key considerations to address when working with athletes transitioning to a vegan diet.
SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Vaccines: The Promises and the Challenges Ahead
Authors: Baldo Vincenzo , Reno Chiara , Cocchio Silvia , Fantini Maria Pia
Published: January 2021

The development of a new vaccine usually consists of a linear sequence of several steps and lasts many years [...]
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK DAUN MINT (MENTHA ARVENSIS LINN.) DAN TEKNIK RELAKSASI NAFAS DALAM TERHADAP TINGKAT NYERI MENSTRUASI PADA REMAJA PUTRI
Authors: Haryanto Wijayanti
Published: January 2021

Dampak dari nyeri menstruasi (dismenorea) dapat menganggu aktivitas seorang wanita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pemberian ekstrak daun mint dan teknik relaksasi nafas dalam terhadap tingkat nyeri menstruasi pada remaja putri. Metode penelitian Single blind. Pengukuran tingkat nyeri menstruasi menggunakan skala numerik 0-10. Intervensi menggunakan ekstrak daun mint, teknik relaksasi nafas dalam dan kombinasi ekstrak daun mint dan teknik relaksasi nafas dalam. Penelitian dilakukan pada 30 remaja putri dibagi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok I ekstrak daun mint dan kelompok II teknik relaksasi nafas dalam. Analisis data untuk melihat perbedaan antara sebelum dan sesudah diberikan intervensi, data berdistribusi tidak normal menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Test dengan sebelumnya dilakukan uji normalitas data dengan uji Shapiro wilk. Hasil dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan adanya perbedaan tingkat nyeri menstruasi sebelum dan sesudah intervensi pada kelompok I dengan nilai signifikansi lebih kecil dari nilai alpa p  0,000 (p < 0,05), ada perbedaan tingkat nyeri menstruasi sebelum dan sesudah intervensi pada kelompok II dengan nilai signifikansi lebih kecil dari nilai alpa p 0,008 (<0,05) dari hasil analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon test maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan efektivitas pemberian ekstrak daun mint dan teknik relaksasi nafas dalam terhadap tingkat nyeri menstruasi pada remaja puteri.
El Enfoque Intercultural Docente Universitario
Authors: Castro de la Rosa Laura Adelina
Published: January 2021

En la presente investigación se pretende plasmar una solución que permitirá tener mejores aulas educativas basadas en el conocimiento y reconocimiento de la diversidad de culturas dando pauta a la retroalimentación que enriquece el crecimiento de cada individuo, contribuyendo a la adopción de dichas culturas como nuestras, otorgando el valor de cada una de ellas a través del respeto y brindar un conocimiento adecuado respecto al enfoque, con ello lograr filtrar la interculturalidad en las instituciones educativas. Es por ello que la siguiente investigación da el paso a la búsqueda de una alternativa de respuesta a tal mejora, es la realización de un programa de capacitación del enfoque intercultural a los docentes de nivel universitario siendo el link del inicio a la participación activa a vivir la interculturalidad en nuestras aulas educativas.
Paz Integral en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje en la escuela primaria
Authors: Araujo Garduño Mariela , Salazar Mastache Irma Isabel
Published: January 2021

El presente escrito tiene como objetivo, analizar las condiciones de paz imposible que se presentan por parte del docente durante el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje en el segundo grado de la escuela primaria Leona Vicario Del Cerrillo Vista Hermosa, Municipio, Toluca, para proponer, desde la perspectiva de los estudios de la interculturalidad para la paz integral, estrategias pacíficas de diversidad cultural que ayuden a los docentes a prevenir practicas violentas durante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. El análisis del escrito se fundamenta desde la perspectiva metodológica de Paz Integral y su método de Etnografía para la Paz (EtnoPaz).
El papel de las creencias de los padres en la participación familiar
Authors: Rodríguez Herrera Mauricio
Published: January 2021

El presente texto genera algunas reflexiones acerca de la importancia de la participación de la familia en la escuela y el peso que en este proceso tienen las propias expectativas de los padres. Como metodología se observa la reflexión a partir de múltiples artículos internacionales que sirven como insumo para plantear el panorama con un análisis gráfico en el que la participación de los padres influye positivamente en el logro académico, como aporte relevante de este artículo se concluye que la participación de los padres depende de sus propias expectativas de logro ya que estas influyen radicalmente en el proceso.
Propuestas Teóricas y Metodológicas para la Paz Integral en Eduardo Sandoval Forero
Authors: Guerra García Ernesto
Published: January 2021

La paz integral intercultural de Sandoval-Forero presenta dos genealogías que permiten explicar su propuesta,
la teórica y la epistemológica. En la primera se encuentra que la paz es un constructo que se explica, siempre
desde una postura no oficial, de descolonización y desde el pensamiento crítico latinoamericano, a partir de
una serie de elementos: 1) la interculturalidad desde las relaciones interétnicas, 2) la educación no universalista
que parte de pedagogías críticas, 3) La economía, no la del capitalismo neoliberal sino la de las economías
sociales y 4) la democracia que considera el empoderamiento pacifista. Se ejemplifica principalmente en el
cuestionamiento al indigenismo mexicano y en las propuestas educativas zapatistas, que se desarrollaron con
un enfoque para la paz, con justicia, libertad, democracia y dignidad.
En la genealogía epistemológica de la paz integral de Sandoval-Forero se debe partir de una decolonización
epistemológica, en el sentido de desprenderse del eurocentrismo científico para basarse en una antropología
no oficial ni hegemónica. Se identifica el enfoque cualitativo como base y se hace una propuesta metodológica
multimétodo, en la que se combina de manera específica procedimientos desde la etnografía y la investigación
acción intercultural, generando así una ruptura – radical con las estructuras rígidas del positivismo.
El artículo describe estas dos genealogías que constituyen la propuesta de paz integral e intercultural de
Sandoval-Forero.
Interculturalidad, posibilidad de encuentro entre saberes, sentires y vidas.
Authors: Fragoso García Omar , Álvarez García Imelda , Valdez Regalado Jonathan Israel
Published: January 2021

Este artículo guía su estudio desde la Investigación Acción Intercultural, la cual permite trasformar las prácticas educativas. A su vez también se utilizó la etnografía intercultural, como método cualitativo para dar cuenta de los hallazgos que arrojo el diagnóstico pedagógico, recuperando los tipos de relaciones que se generan entre docentes y estudiantes, priorizando la importancia de las relaciones entre el yo docente y ese otro diferente, el estudiante; por tanto, se visibiliza la posible ausencia de reconocimiento y valoración de ese otro como alteridad. El análisis se desarrolla a partir la interculturalidad funcional, desde la perspectiva interculturalidad crítica planteada por Walsh (2009), y desde los estudios de paz integral de Sandoval (2014). Se concluye, que la interculturalidad como posibilidad de encuentros e intercambio de sentires y pensares, entre la unidad docente-discente, conformada desde el diálogo, el respeto y reconocimiento por el otro; crea relaciones educativas más justas y armoniosas.
Pedagogías y didácticas esperanzadoras desde la Interculturalidad en una Universidad Pedagógica Nacional
Authors: Alejandro García Saúl , López Botello Felisa Yaerim , González de Salceda Ramírez Erika
Published: January 2021

La interculturalidad es un concepto que nace de la antropología cultural para explicar los fenómenos socioculturales de las relaciones inter – étnicas que se suscitan en espacio territorial especifico. También los enfoques teóricos de la interculturalidad han desarrollado diversas posturas que permiten pasar de lo teórico a propuestas de políticas públicas. Es decir la interculturalidad se convertirse en acción a través de programas y estrategias para la resolución de conflictos o entendimiento entre grupos diferentes. Esto ha permitido dos cosas: primero, la interculturalidad como un concepto y enfoque teórico que ya no es propiamente de la antropología, sino de otras disciplinas como la historia, la política, la medicina y por supuesto la pedagogía. Segundo, los enfoques interculturales han permitido la creación y desarrollo de metodologías que contribuyen al enriquecimiento de nuevos saberes y estrategias. En este sentido, el presente trabajo tiene como propósito la reflexión y la propuesta de trabajar la interculturalidad en proyectos educativos y de intervención en los estudiantes de pedagogía y educación indígena. Pensar la interculturalidad no debe ser solamente el conocimiento del enfoque teórico, sino una praxis del docente que contribuya a la formación de los estudiantes en la UPN. El trabajo está dividido en tres apartados: el primero es una revisión teórica de los que se entiende por interculturalidad que va desde los enfoques antropológicos, filosóficos y pedagógicos. En esta parte se apoyaran de diversos autores como Sandoval Forero (2018, 2016), Catherine Walsh (2009), Walter Mignolo (2010), Aníbal Quijano (2014), Edgardo Lander (2010), Dietz Gunther (2016), Souza (2010) por mencionar algunos. En la segunda parte, se muestra la forma en cómo se ha trabajado algunos de estos enfoques por parte de algunos profesores de la UPN 151 de Toluca e Ixtlahuaca, finalmente una discusión y sugerencias de cómo implementar estos enfoques.
ZONA FRANCA VERDE DE MACAPÁ E SANTANA: POLÍTICA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO REGIONAL PARA O ESTADO DO AMAPÁ
Authors: Chelala Cláudia , Chelala Charles
Published: January 2021

Regimes Aduaneiros Aplicados em áreas especiais constituem-se em uma importante estratégia de desenvolvimento regional, em todo o mundo. A Amazônia abriga a Zona Franca de Manaus, o primeiro modelo deste tipo de política pública para a região, além de cinco Áreas de Livre Comércio, nos Estados de Rondônia, Roraima, Acre, Amazonas e Amapá.  Este artigo faz um resgate histórico do processo de instituição das Zonas Francas Verdes – ZFV na Amazônia, destacando os principais desafios e oportunidades para a efetivação da ZFV de Macapá e Santana, em razão de suas peculiaridades espaciais quando comparada às demais Zonas Francas Verdes criadas na Amazônia, no mesmo período. A ZFV de Macapá e Santana tem o potencial de alavancar segmentos do setor produtivo em função da obrigatoriedade de utilização da matéria-prima local. Ou seja, é um Regime Aduaneiro que contempla todas as etapas de produção, representando verticalização da produção, agregação de valor e geração de renda e riqueza para o sistema econômico local.
Hans Werhahn: Das Vorschreiten der Säkularisierung. Erweiterte Neuausgabe
Authors: Bremer Józef
Published: January 2021

The article reviews the book Das Vorschreiten der Säkularisierung. Erweiterte Neuausgabe [The Progression of Secularization], by Hans Werhahn.
Grim, Omniscience, and Cantor’s Theorem
Authors: Lembke Martin
Published: January 2021

Although recent evidence is somewhat ambiguous, if not confusing, Patrick Grim still seems to believe that his Cantorian argument against omniscienceis sound. According to this argument, it follows by Cantor’s power set theorem that there can be no set of all truths. Hence, assuming that omniscience presupposes precisely such a set, there can be no omniscient being. Reconsidering this argument, however, guided in particular by Alvin Plantinga’s critique thereof, I find it far from convincing. Not only does it have an enormously untoward side effect, but it is self-referentially incoherent as well.
A Deistic Discussion of Murphy and Tracy’s Accounts of God’s Limited Activity in the Natural World
Authors: Harper Leland
Published: January 2021

Seemingly, in an attempt to appease both the micro-physicists and the classical theists, Nancey Murphy and Thomas Tracy have each developed accounts of God which allow for Him to act, in an otherwise causally closed natural world, through various micro-processes at the subatomic level. I argue that not only do each of these views skew the accounts of both micro-physics and theism just enough to preclude the appeasement of either group but that both accounts can aptly be classified as, what I term, epistemic deism. I go on to argue that epistemic deism is a weak brand of deism that ultimately provides us with little to no answers to any of serious questions discussed within the philosophy or religion.
Ian Dearden. Do Philosophers Talk Nonsense?
Authors: Humphries Carl
Published: January 2021

In his newly reissued and revised book, the philosopher Ian Dearden at- tempts a critical inquiry into a philosophical position he calls “nonsensi- calism,” which he takes to correspond to the view “that it is possible to be mistaken in thinking one means anything by what one says” (9).1 He holds that an unexamined assumption to this effect is implicit in a large swathe of philosophical work dating from a period stretching throughout most of the 20th century (and to some degree extending to the present day), thanks to the widespread tendency of philosophers to accuse each other of talk- ing nonsense. This is, according to the author of the book, most visible in the earlier and later philosophical writings of Wittgenstein, in logical pos- itivism, and in representatives of the Oxford-based “ordinary language” philosophy movement, as well as in the writings of many of those subse- quently writing under the influence of these. Dearden coins a special term to refer to the sort of error that philosophers are accusing each other of having committed: he calls such cases of error “illusions of meaning.”
Wojtyła on Persons and Consciousness
Authors: Holub Grzegorz
Published: January 2021

Karol Wojtyła developed an interesting model of human consciousness. He also demonstrated how vital the role is that consciousness plays in the process of becoming a person. His project encompasses such theses as the following: that consciousness is not a semi-autonomous subject, that it is not an intentional power, that it has both a receptive and an experiencing / interiorizing character, and that it must be distinguished from knowledge and self-knowledge. In this paper, I try to show how all these claims fit together. I also examine some of his more controversial theses—especially his claim about the non-intentionality of consciousness.
The Face of the Soul, the Face of God: Maximus the Confessor and Prosōpon
Authors: Podbielski Marcin
Published: January 2021

This paper offers a comprehensive examination of the language of “prosōpon” in Maximus the Confessor. It emerges that “prosōpon” almost never has an autonomous meaning in Maximus’ Christology and anthropology. While “person” is either a synonym for “hypostasis” or a term expressing heretical Christological doctrines, it may be used in its own right when Maximus emphasizes the fact that human actions make each of us recognizable as a unique individual. This usage cannot be separated from the colloquial meanings of “face” and “character,” or from instances of “prosōpon” in Maximian Biblical exegesis. “The face of the intellect,” identified with “the face of Christ” within us and reflected in our actions as “the face of the soul,” is the perfect image of the eternal Divine logoi of virtues, impressed by grace in the intellect of saints and reflected in their actions. Possessing one’s own “persona” or “face,” and building one’s uniqueness through one’s own decisions, is of less interest to Maximus than assimilation of oneself to Christ.
Tom Cochrane, Bernardino Fantini, Klaus R. Scherer, ed. The Emotional Power of Music
Authors: Ziemiński Ireneusz
Published: January 2021

The reviewed collection, The Emotional Power of Music, presents the multi-dimensional picture of music as an important element of human life. The multi-disciplinary character of the book is visible not only in showing the variety of areas of research studying the emotional aspects of music (musicology, psychology, neurophysiology, sociology, philosophy, history) but also the variety of theories, which attempt to explain the links between music and emotions. It should also be mentioned, that—because of limited technical jargon and adding artists’ comments—the book is not only addressed to people professionally interested in the links between music and emotions, but to a broader audience. Therefore, the editors’ hope that it will be useful to both experts and people searching for an instructive introduction to the discussed issues is justified.
Christian Feminism, Gender and Human Essences
Authors: McLeod-Harrison Mark
Published: January 2021

Christian feminist theory faces many stresses, some due directly to the apparent nature of Christianity and its seeming patriarchy. But feminism can also be thought inherent in Christianity. All people are made in God’s image. Christians should view women and men as equals, just as they should see people of all races as equals. The basic question discussed, within a biblical and philosophical framework, is if it possible for Christian feminist theory to hold that there is an essence to being a woman, being a man or being human all the while recognizing vast differences among women, among men and among human persons? I propose a beginning solution to this problem.
Maximus the Confessor’s “Intelligible Creation”
Authors: Mitralexis Sotiris
Published: January 2021

Saint Maximus the Confessor’s voluminous corpus constitutes a coherent and lucid philosophical and theological system, notwithstanding the existence of obscure, difficult, and at times even contradictory passages. A question stemming from Maximus’ work is whether the “intelligible creation” (noēte ktisis) is imperishable or corruptible, which would have important implications for a number of other issues like the created / uncreated distinction, Maximus’ relationship to Neoplatonism, et al. However, Maximus provides us with contradictory passages concerning this subject, characterizing the noēte ktisis as both corruptible and imperishable. While in certain passages of the Ambigua ad Ioannem he states that created intelligible beings move “according to corruption,” excluding the possibility of natural incorruptibility for them, in other passages he states that the noēte ktisis possesses imperishability by nature, and not merely by grace. In this paper I will attempt to examine this apparent inconsistency on the basis of these two examples and to discuss which of both positions should be considered as Maximus’ “primary” position.
Roman Darowski. Philosophical Anthropology
Authors: Mazur Piotr S.
Published: January 2021

Last year marked the appearance of an English-language book entitled Philosophical Anthropology: Outline of Fundamental Problems. It is, in actuality, an English translation of the most frequently reprinted work of the distinguished philosopher and expert on the history of Jesuit philosophy in Poland, Father Professor Roman Darowski. Although Philosophical Anthropology: Outline of Fundamental Problems is, excluding some of its parts, a translation rather than a new book, the fact of its appearance in English deserves to be noted and discussed, as the new English-language version will allow it to reach a significantly wider range of readers than before.
Mental Disorder or Creative Gift?
Authors: Bremer Józef
Published: January 2021

In cases where one sense-modality is stimulated by another, we speak of synesthesia, i.e., of a subjective experience of multiple distinct sensations as being quite literally conjoined. The term “synesthesia” is derived indirectly from the Greek words “syn,” meaning “together,” and “aisthesis,” meaning “sensation.” This article focuses on the question of whether synesthesia is in fact a mental disorder or a creative gift. Both the commonsense views that have emerged in recent times, and neurological research, demonstrate that our knowledge of this relatively uncommon phenomenon is slowly but constantly expanding. Proper experimental research conducted with the right sorts of synesthete, and philosophically and scientifically nuanced conceptual studies of synesthesia, can all be helpful when seeking answers to the question posed above, while also confirming general claims about the extent to which our perceptions are really subjective. Most synesthetes see themselves as gifted, and claim that this “conjoining of the senses” enriches the quality of their lives.