bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhomogeneous magnetization transfer imaging: Concepts and directions for further development
Authors: Alsop David C. , Ercan Ece , Girard Olivier M. , Mackay Alex L. , Michal Carl A. , Varma Gopal , Vinogradov Elena , Duhamel Guillaume
Published: August 2022

Off‐resonance radio frequency irradiation can induce the ordering of proton spins in the dipolar fields of their neighbors, in molecules with restricted mobility. This dipolar order decays with a characteristic relaxation time, T1D, that is very different from the T1 and T2 relaxation of the nuclear alignment with the main magnetic field. Inhomogeneous magnetization transfer (ihMT) imaging is a refinement of magnetization transfer (MT) imaging that isolates the MT signal dependence on dipolar order relaxation times within motion‐constrained molecules. Because T1D relaxation is a unique contrast mechanism, ihMT may enable improved characterization of tissue. Initial work has stressed the high correlation between ihMT signal and myelin density. Dipolar order relaxation appears to be much longer in membrane lipids than other molecules. Recent work has shown, however, that ihMT acquisitions may also be adjusted to emphasize different ranges of T1D. These newer approaches may be sensitive to other microstructural components of tissue. Here, we review the concepts and history of ihMT and outline the requirements for further development to realize its full potential.
Recent findings on subjective well‐being and physical, psychiatric, and social comorbidities in individuals with schizophrenia: A literature review
Authors: He Yupeng , Tanaka Ayako , Kishi Taro , Li Yuanying , Matsunaga Masaaki , Tanihara Shinichi , Iwata Nakao , Ota Atsuhiko
Published: August 2022

Aim

Care for people with schizophrenia is shifting the locus from long‐stay mental hospitals to nonspecialized community‐based settings. Knowledge on the care is not a sole property of psychiatric specialists. Community healthcare workers who do not specialize in psychiatry are recommended to learn more about schizophrenia. This review aimed to summarize recent findings on subjective well‐being and physical, psychiatric, and social comorbidities in individuals with schizophrenia.

Methods

A literature review was conducted. We retrieved findings from existing systematic reviews and meta‐analyses as our preferred method. When data were not available, we referred to other types of studies.

Results

As per our review, individuals with schizophrenia demonstrated poor subjective well‐being, happiness, and life satisfaction despite individual differences. Pharmacotherapy caused weight gain and constipation, whereas race and hospitalization might affect weight reduction. Individuals with schizophrenia demonstrated poor oral health, a high prevalence of noncommunicable diseases, and unique eating behaviors. Depression, sleep disorders, smoking, and alcohol and drug consumption were frequently found in the individuals. Research findings regarding problematic internet and smartphone use and stress perception were limited. Low health literacy and neglect of preventable behaviors were frequently seen in individuals with schizophrenia. They tended to be less educated, poor, unemployed, unmarried/unattached, and had poor social cognition, resulting in little social support and a small social network.

Conclusion

Retrieving recent data, we confirmed that individuals with schizophrenia had poor subjective well‐being and suffer from various physical, psychiatric, and social comorbidities.
A multi‐strategy fuzzy control method based on the Takagi‐Sugeno model
Authors: Al‐Hadithi Basil Mohammed , Adánez José Miguel , Jiménez Agustín
Published: August 2022

In this work, a new multi‐strategy fuzzy control (MSFC) based on fuzzy fusion techniques for the control of multivariable nonlinear systems is proposed. This new nonlinear control method is a mixture of different control techniques by fuzzy interpolation using the fuzzy Takagi‐Sugeno model. It combines various control strategies to achieve smooth transient responses and zero steady state error. The following techniques are merged within the proposed MSFC structure: an optimal state feedback control that yields an optimal transient response, optimal control through an incremental state model that returns a zero steady state error, and a constant input control to maintain the system behavior within predefined boundaries whenever the MSFC method is applied.
Disseminated cancer cells detected by immunocytology in lymph nodes of NSCLC patients are highly prognostic and undergo parallel molecular evolution
Authors: Elsner Felix , Hoffmann Martin , Fahrioglu‐Yamaci Rezan , Czyz Zbigniew , Feliciello Giancarlo , Mederer Tobias , Polzer Bernhard , Treitschke Steffi , Rümmele Petra , Weber Florian , Wiesinger Hellmuth , Robold Tobias , Sziklavari Zsolt , Sienel Wulf , Hofmann Hans‐Stefan , Klein Christoph A
Published: August 2022

In melanoma, immunocytology (IC) after sentinel lymph node disaggregation not only enables better quantification of disseminated cancer cells (DCCs) than routine histopathology (HP) but also provides a unique opportunity to detect, isolate, and analyse these earliest harbingers of metachronous metastasis. Here, we explored lymph node IC in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). For 122 NSCLC patients, 220 lymph nodes (LNs) were split in half and prepared for IC and HP. When both methods were compared, IC identified 22% positive patients as opposed to 4.5% by HP, revealing a much higher sensitivity of IC (p < 0.001). Assessment of all available 2,952 LNs of the same patients by HP uncovered additional patients escaping detection of lymphatic tumour spread by IC alone, consistent with the concept of skip metastasis. A combined lymph node status of IC and complete HP on a larger cohort of patients outperformed all risk factors in multivariable analysis for prognosis (p < 0.001; RR = 2.290; CI 1.407–3.728). Moreover, isolation of DCCs and single‐cell molecular characterization revealed that (1) LN‐DCCs differ from primary tumours in terms of copy number alterations and selected mutations and (2) critical alterations are acquired during colony formation within LNs. We conclude that LN‐IC in NSCLC patients when combined with HP improves diagnostic precision, has the potential to reduce total workload, and facilitates molecular characterization of lymphatically spread cancer cells, which may become key for the selection and development of novel systemic therapies. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
An update on the diagnosis and management of monogenic diabetes
Authors: Colclough Kevin , van Heugten Rachel , Patel Kashyap
Published: August 2022

Initiated in 2000, the NHS‐funded genetic testing service for monogenic diabetes at the Exeter Genomics Laboratory, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, is the sole national provider for this service in England. The laboratory has undertaken testing for over 19,000 families and has diagnosed monogenic diabetes in over 9500 patients from the UK and across the world.

Dr Kevin Colclough and colleagues here provide an insight into how genetic diagnostic testing leads to improved clinical care, how advances in testing technology are causing a paradigm shift in diagnosis, and how changes to test provision and funding are leading to the mainstreaming of genetic diagnosis in routine diabetes clinics.
Incidence rate, basic characteristics, and survival outcomes of bladder squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Qi Feng , Xu Wenbo , Li Xiao , Xu Ting , Zou Qing , Xu Zicheng
Published: August 2022

To explore the incidence rate (IR), clinicopathological characteristics, and prognostic factors of bladder squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) based on surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database. We extracted the IRs of BSCC from 1975 to 2016 in the SEER database, and plotted the trending curves. Then, the clinicopathological characteristics of BSCC patients diagnosed from 2010 to 2015 were selected and compared with those of patients with urothelial carcinoma (UC) in the same period. Furthermore, differences in overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) of BSCC and UC patients were compared. Finally, COX regression models were constructed to explore the risk factors affecting OS and CSS in BSCC patients. The IR of BSCC showed a downward trend from 1975 to 2000 and stabilized at about 0.3/100 000 after 2000. BSCC patients had a later stage at diagnosis and worse prognosis when compared with those with UC. Older age, higher TNM stage, no surgical treatment, and unmarried status were significantly related to worse prognosis of BSCC patients. This study explored the IR trends, clinicopathological characteristics, and prognostic factors of BSCC. In the future, prospective, large sample, and well‐designed clinical studies are needed to verify our results.
Octa‐Substituted Resorcinarene Based Supramolecules and Its Liquid Crystalline and Biological Applications
Authors: Gajjar Jinal A. , Vekariya Rajesh H. , Sharma Vinay S. , Rajani Dhanji P. , Pithawala Edwin , Parekh Hitesh M.
Published: August 2022

Resorcin[4]arenes functionalized amide based supramolecular derivatives (E1‐E9) were produced in high yield using microwave irradiation (MWI) and characterized using spectroscopic techniques such as 1H‐NMR, IR spectroscopy, and Mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial, anti‐malarial, anti‐tuberculosis, and anti‐oxidant properties of amide‐based supramolecular hosts were investigated. The majority of the compounds showed exceptional antibacterial activity. Some compounds showed promising antifungal, antimalarial, antituberculosis, and antioxidant properties. Additions to this, few selected derivatives were further tested for their mesomorphic study with formation of columnar type self‐assembly. The liquid crystalline properties were studied by using polarizing optical microscope (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and further confirmed by PXRD techniques. All the synthesized supramolecules showed good thermal properties with respect to liquid crystalline mesophase range.
Synthesis of a Self‐assembled Dual Morphologies Ag‐NPs/SrMoO4 Photocatalyst with LSPR Effect for the Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye
Authors: Gu Yufen , Guo Bobo , Yi Zao , Wu Xianwen , Zhang Jiao , Yang Hua
Published: August 2022

Morphology of photocatalyst has attracted many attentions due to its significant effect on photocatalytic properties. Herein, the effects of hydrothermal reaction conditions including time, temperature, and pH value on the morphology evolution as well as on the photocatalytic performance of SrMoO4 were investigated in detail. It was found that SrMoO4 had self‐assembled dual morphologies (spherical and dumbbell shape) under the specific reaction conditions with time=24 h, temperature=200 °C, and pH=6.13. In order to enhance its photocatalysis further, the silver nanoparticles (Ag‐NPs) were well‐dispersed uniform on the surface of as‐prepared samples to obtain Ag‐NPs/SrMoO4 composites by photoreduction method. It was determined that 3 %Ag‐NPs/SrMoO4 had the first‐class photocatalytic performance (η=83.7 %, kapp=0.05229 min‐1) for the photodegradation of MB dye, which is ∼2.52 times that of the bare SrMoO4 with dual morphology (η=51.9 %, kapp=0.02078 min−1) by comparison with the apparent first‐order reaction rate constants. The photocatalytic performance was promoted by high efficiency of photo‐induced carriers’ separation based on the effect of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) of well‐dispersed Ag‐NPs.
Defect Engineering of a Mott‐Schottky‐Type Self‐Supporting Electrode for Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Battery
Authors: Lai Jingyuan , Gan Lang , Zhang Kai , Xiao Jin
Published: August 2022

Developing bi‐functional electrocatalysts for zinc‐air batteries is still challenging due to the slow kinetics of the cathode reaction. In this work, we report a low‐temperature plasma strategy to prepare Mott–Schottky‐type electrodes which contain metal alloy and metal oxide. The as‐obtained free‐standing electrodes (Co0.72Fe0.28@CoO/CP and Ni3Fe@NiFe2O4/CP) exhibit remarkable electrochemical performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). After introducing the precious metal Pt, the ORR activity of these electrodes has improved, and the corresponding zinc‐air batteries show good charge‐discharge efficiency and stability. This outstanding electrochemical performance could attribute to the Mott–Schottky synergistic effects between metal alloy and metal oxide in heterojunction, high conductivity of carbon paper, and interface defects made by Plasma treatment, thus improving the intrinsic electrocatalytic activity of the oxygen reaction.
Structural Characterization and Antimicrobial Studies of Some New Mixed Ligand Complexes of Lomefloxacin and 3‐(Bromoacetyl)coumarin with Some Metals
Authors: El‐Shwiniy Walaa H. , Gamil Manar A. , Sadeek Sadeek A. , Zordok Wael A. , El‐Telbany Mohamed , El‐farargy Ahmed F. , El‐Attar Mohamed S.
Published: August 2022

The interaction of Mn(II) (1), Fe(II) (2), Co(II) (3), Ni(II) (4), Cu(II) (5), and Zn(II) (6) with lomefloxacin (LFX) in the existence of 3‐(bromoacetyl)coumarin (BAC) and NaOH in a 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 molar ratio resulted in the formation of unique mixed ligand metal complexes. The ability of two ligands to chelate metal ions was investigated by elemental analysis, molar conductance, effective magnetic moments FT‐IR, ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis),1H NMR spectra and thermogravimetric analyses (TG‐DTG). FT‐IR spectra of the complexes suggest thatLFXreacted with metal ions as bi‐dentate through pyridone oxygen and carboxylate oxygen.BACalso interacts as bi‐dentate through oxygen of α,β‐unsaturated ketone and oxygen of lactone carbonyl of coumarin. These chelates are electrolytes, according to conductivity experiments, with a 1 : 1 ratio for Mn(II), Fe(II), and Zn(II) and a 1 : 2 ratio for Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II). Electronic and magnetic data revealed an octahedral shape for all compounds. The thermodynamic parameters of thermal breakdown processes such as Ea, ΔH*, ΔS* and ΔG* were determined from TG and DTG curves using Coats‐Redfern (CR) and Horowitz‐Metzeger (HM) techniques forLFX,BACand their metal complexes. The structural geometry of the complexes is confirmed by molecular modeling studies. The findings show that the complexes are soft with regard to ligands, with values ranging from 0.058 eV for Fe(II) complex to 0.090 eV for Zn(II) complex and 11.11 to 17.24 eV forLFXandBAC, respectively, and 0.121, 8.26 eV and 0.111, 9.009 eV forLFXandBAC. The ligands and their complexes were testedin vitrofor antibacterial activity against a variety of bacterial and fungal strains, and the results revealed that the complexes had significantly higher potency than the parent drug.
The Carburizing Behavior of High‐Temperature Short‐Time Carburizing Gear Steel: Effect of Nb Microalloying
Authors: He Guoning , Zhang Ning , Wan Shiqi , Zhao Haidong , Jiang Bo , Liu Yazheng , Wu Chunjing
Published: August 2022

Herein, the carburizing behavior of 20MnCr5 gear steel with different Nb contents after carburizing with the temperature from 900 to 950 °C and the corresponding holding time from 8 to 5 h are investigated. The theoretical results of carbon content and the depth of carburized layer for the two experimental carburizing processes should be the same according to the classical diffusion model. However, the experimental results show that the carbon content of the entire hardened layer increases, and the depth of carburized layer increases by 35% after high‐temperature carburizing. The carbon content of 0.061%Nb steel on the outer surface increases, but the depth of carburized layer remains unchanged. It is found that the theoretical D values at 900 °C and 950 °C are 2.0 × 10−7 and 3.3 × 10−7 cm2 s−1, respectively. However, the experimental D value is much larger than 5.0 × 10−7 cm2 s−1. The carbon diffusion is greatly promoted by high‐temperature carburizing because the number of excess carbides on the outer surface decreases. The diffusion coefficient decreases after the addition of Nb due to forming a large number of small particles of Cr7C3 and NbC, but the effect is only obvious on the outer surface.
Stabilities, Geometries, Electronic Structures, and Conversion Rules of Carbide Cluster Metallofullerenes
Authors: He Jun , Li Mengyang , Zhang Wenxin , Zhao Xiang
Published: August 2022

Since the discovery of the first carbide cluster metallofullerene (CCMF) Sc2C2@C84 in 2001, CCMFs have attracted great concerns with variable structures and fascinating characteristics. To date, there are hundreds of studies on CCMFs. Crystallography studies on CCMFs are carried out by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Theoretical calculations can also be used to study CCMFs in detail without being limited by low experimental yields. This review analyzes the stability of CCMFs reported previously, and indicates that the C2 unit contributes a lot to their stability. At the same time, the relationship between the structures of inner carbide cluster and cage size is systematically discussed, and the four‐electron transfer always occurs. Furthermore, the possible transformation rule between di‐EMFs and CCMFs is indicated. Finally, an outlook regarding the future developments and applications of CCMFs is presented.
Longitudinal observation of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius pulsotypes in six veterinary hospitals in the north‐western United States
Authors: Perkins Andrea V. , Sellon Debra C. , Gay John M. , Lofgren Eric T. , Jones Lisa P. , Davis Margaret A.
Published: August 2022

Background

Meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) infections in companion animals are increasing and are difficult to treat. Environmental contamination with MRSP in small animal primary care hospitals may pose an exposure risk to animal patients.

Methods

This longitudinal study assessed the genotypic relationships of MRSP isolated from 39 environmental samples collected from six private small animal primary care hospitals, in the north‐eastern United States, between August 2018 and April 2019.

Results

Of the 39 bacterial isolates, 18 unique pulsotypes were identified based on pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis, including six clusters of two or more indistinguishable isolates. Single pulsotypes were frequently detected from multiple hand‐contact and animal‐contact surfaces within a hospital during a single sampling event, but detection of a single pulsotype within the same hospital on subsequent visits was infrequent. However, one pulsotype was recovered from three separate hospitals, which suggests that either MRSP transmission between hospitals may have occurred via people, animals, or fomites or that there was a dominant community strain.

Conclusions

Single strains of MRSP were isolated from various hand‐contact and animal‐contact surfaces within hospitals, indicating the important role of humans, animals and the environment in MRSP transmission. Additionally, the detection of a single strain between hospitals and over time suggests that either MRSP transmission between hospitals may have occurred via people, animals or fomites or that there was a dominant community strain.
Reedy Categories and Diagrams of Spaces
Authors: Heuts Gijs , Moerdijk Ieke
Published: August 2022

In later chapters we will develop the homotopy theory of simplicial and dendroidal spaces, i.e., diagrams of simplicial sets indexed on the categories Δop and Ωop. There is a standard way of equipping such diagram categories with a model structure other than the projective one, but with the same weak equivalences, called the Reedy model structure. This structure has the advantage that both the fibrations and cofibrations are easy to control.
Left Fibrations and the Covariant Model
Authors: Heuts Gijs , Moerdijk Ieke
Published: August 2022

In Section 9.5 we introduced the covariant model structure on a slice category dSets/B, for a fixed dendroidal set B. This model category represents the homotopy theory of ‘B-algebras’, as we will see in Section 13.5. The first aim of this chapter is to establish the analogous structure for the category of dendroidal spaces over a fixed dendroidal space B. We will do this in Section 13.1 and demonstrate that the covariant model structure on dSpaces/B is Quillen equivalent to the covariant model structure on dSets/B0 in the case when B is a complete dendroidal Segal space (cf. Proposition 13.7).
Anti-brane uplift instability from goldstino condensation
Authors: Dall’Agata Gianguido , Emelin Maxim , Farakos Fotis , Morittu Matteo
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We investigate the possible appearance of composite states of the goldstino in models with four-dimensional non-linear supersymmetry and we provide a description of their dynamics in terms of a Kähler potential and a superpotential. Our analysis shows that the critical point corresponding to the Volkov-Akulov model is unstable. Similarly, we find that the uplifted stable de Sitter critical point of the KKLT model is shifted and acquires a tachyonic instability. Our findings indicate the existence of a potentially dangerous instability shared by all anti-brane uplifts.
CP violation and flavor invariants in the seesaw effective field theory
Authors: Yu Bingrong , Zhou Shun
Published: August 2022

Abstract

In this paper, we systematically study the algebraic structure of the ring of the flavor invariants and the sources of CP violation in the seesaw effective field theory (SEFT), which is obtained by integrating out heavy Majorana neutrinos in the type-I seesaw model at the tree level and thus includes the dimension-five Weinberg operator and one dimension-six operator. For the first time, we calculate the Hilbert series and explicitly construct all the primary flavor invariants in the SEFT. We show that all the physical parameters can be extracted using the primary invariants and any CP-violating observable can be expressed as the linear combination of CP-odd flavor invariants. The calculation of the Hilbert series shows that there is an equal number of primary flavor invariants in the SEFT and in the full seesaw model, which reveals the intimate connection between the flavor space of the SEFT and that of its ultraviolet theory. A proper matching procedure of the flavor invariants is accomplished between the SEFT and the full seesaw model, through which one can establish a direct link between the CP asymmetries in leptogenesis and those in low-energy neutrino oscillations.
Investigations of strong cosmic censorship in 3-dimensional black strings
Authors: Ho Jeongwon , Kim Wontae , Lee Bum-Hoon
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Investigating the quasinormal modes of a massive scalar field on the 3-dimensional black string (3dBS), we study the strong cosmic censorship (SCC) conjecture for the 3dBS in the T-dual relationship with the 3-dimensional rotating anti-de-Sitter (BTZ) black hole. It is shown that even though geometries of the two spacetimes are quite different, such as asymptotically AdS for the BTZ black hole and asymptotically flat for the 3dBS, the BTZ black hole and the 3dBS share similar properties for the SCC. Concretely speaking, the SCC conjecture can be violated even for asymptotically flat spacetime, i.e. the 3dBS. These observations lead us to an assumption that the T-dual transformation preserves spacetime symmetries, at least, which are relevant to the SCC. In addition, we find a new feature of the quasinormal mode at the Cauchy horizon: in the case of in the 3dBS, the spectral gap,αBSat the Cauchy horizon is not determined by the ‘ω-frequency mode’, but the ‘m-frequency mode’.
Social Resistance and Spatial Knowledge: Protest Against Cruise Ships in Venice
Authors: Schemmer Janine
Published: August 2022

Cruise ships are at the same time among the most popular and most controversial means of travel. Photos of oversized ships, passing through the historic center of Venice, have become iconic. This paper explores the background of the debate over cruise ships in Venice. Using research at the intersection of culture and technology, the history of technology, urban anthropology, and social movement theory, it sheds light on how the spatialization of the cruise industry through infrastructures affects Venice and the lagoon. In this paper, I will retrace the development of these interdependencies to show how activists, associations, and citizen campaigners address and perform these entanglements. Protest has turned the ship into a powerful symbol for the infrastructural appropriation and transformation of natural and urban space. Since transportation and traffic routes influence people’s everyday lives, it is important to consider their impacts on practices, spaces, and relations, especially in a city like Venice, where footpaths and waterways form an important element of the identity of both the city and its inhabitants. Through its actions, its tacit knowledge of local space, and the explicit knowledge the protest network produces, it both opposes and adds to hegemonic discourses. I argue that the cruise ship has been transformed into a metaphor of global capitalism, which in turn renders it a symbol with transnational impact.
Anatomic reconstruction of lateral ankle ligaments: is there an optimal graft option?
Authors: Spennacchio Pietro , Seil Romain , Mouton Caroline , Scheidt Sebastian , Cucchi Davide
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Different graft options are available for the reconstruction of lateral ankle ligaments to treat chronic ankle instability (CAI), which fall in two categories: allografts and autografts. This study aims to provide an updated comparison of the clinical outcomes after stabilisation procedures using allografts and autografts, to correctly advise the clinician during the choice of the best material to be used for the reconstruction of the lateral ligamentous complex of the ankle.

Methods

A systematic review was performed to analyse the use of autografts and allografts for anatomic reconstruction of the lateral ligamentous complex of the ankle in CAI patients. The presence of a postoperative assessment through outcome measures with proofs of validation in the CAI population or patient’s subjective evaluation on the treatment were necessary for inclusion. The quality of the included studies was assessed through the modified Coleman Methodology Score (mCMS). Relevant clinical outcome data were pooled to provide a synthetic description of the results in different groups or after different procedures.

Results

Twenty-nine studies (autograft: 19; allograft: 9; both procedures: 1) accounting for 930 procedures (autograft: 616; allograft: 314) were included. The average mCMS was 55.9 ± 10.5 points. The Karlsson-Peterson scale was the most frequently reported outcome scale, showing a cumulative average post- to preoperative difference of 31.9 points in the autograft group (n = 379, 33.8 months follow-up) and of 35.7 points in the allograft group (n = 227, 25.8 months follow-up). Patient satisfaction was good or excellent in 92.8% of autograft (n = 333, 65.2 months follow-up) and in 92.3% of allograft procedures (n = 153, 25.0 months follow-up). Return to activity after surgery and recurrence of instability were variably reported across the studies with no clear differences between allograft and autograft highlighted by these outcomes.

Conclusions

The systematic analysis of validated CAI outcome measures and the patient’s subjective satisfaction does not support a specific choice between autograft and allograft for the reconstruction of the ankle lateral ligamentous complex in CAI patients. Both types of grafts were associated to a postoperative Karlsson–Peterson score superior to 80 points and to a similar rate of patient’s subjective satisfaction.

Level of evidence

Level IV.
The perils of pleasing: Innovation-stifling effects of customized service provision
Authors: Janssen Matthijs J. , Frenken Koen , Tur Elena M. , Alexiev Alexander S.
Published: August 2022

Sensing customer needs capabilities generally help firms to utilize customer feedback. Yet, as research linking micro-economics to industrial dynamics has shown, a strong focus on such feedback may prevent an adequate response to more promising market developments. We analyse this tension for firms providing customized services, whose innovativeness heavily depends on customer input. By drawing upon an NK search model, we simulate various interactive search strategies. Our simulations result in hypotheses concerning the strategies’ relation to innovation-based turnover. We use survey data from 292 firms to substantiate our expectations empirically. Both our simulation and regression results point to a positive influence on turnover of sensing customer needs and of customer feedback. While the interaction effect is positive for non-customizing service providers, it is negative for their customizing counterparts. The latter group may fail to exploit their inventiveness, as they concentrate on tuning new services to the specific needs of existing customers rather than turning them into more widely marketable innovations.
Slice conformality and Riemann manifolds on quaternions and octonions
Authors: Gentili Graziano , Prezelj Jasna , Vlacci Fabio
Published: August 2022

In this paper we establish quaternionic and octonionic analogs of the classical Riemann surfaces. The construction of these manifolds has nice peculiarities and the scrutiny of Bernhard Riemann approach to Riemann surfaces, mainly based on conformality, leads to the definition of slice conformal or slice isothermal parameterization of quaternionic or octonionic Riemann manifolds. These new classes of manifolds include slice regular quaternionic and octonionic curves, graphs of slice regular functions, the 4 and 8 dimensional spheres, the helicoidal and catenoidal 4 and 8 dimensional manifolds. Using appropriate Riemann manifolds, we also give a unified definition of the quaternionic and octonionic logarithm andn-th root function.
Outlier quantification for multibeam data
Authors: Ziolkowski Tobias , Koschmider Agnes , Kröger Peer , Devey Colin
Published: August 2022

This paper discusses the challenges of applying a data analytics pipeline for a large volume of data as can be found in natural and life sciences. To address this challenge, we attempt to elaborate an approach for an improved detection of outliers. We discuss an approach for outlier quantification for bathymetric data. As a use case, we selected ocean science (multibeam) data to calculate the outlierness for each data point. The benefit of outlier quantification is a more accurate estimation of which outliers should be removed or further analyzed. To shed light on the subject, this paper is structured as follows: first, a summary of related works on outlier detection is provided. The usefulness for a structured approach of outlier quantification is then discussed using multibeam data. This is followed by a presentation of the challenges for a suitable solution, and the paper concludes with a summary.
An integrated spatiotemporal-based methodology for deepfake detection
Authors: Ismail Aya , Elpeltagy Marwa , Zaki Mervat S. , Eldahshan Kamal
Published: August 2022

Rapid advances in deep learning models have made it easier for public and crackers to generate hyper-realistic deepfake videos in which faces are swapped. Such deepfake videos may constitute a significant threat to the world if they are misused to blackmail public figures and to deceive systems of face recognition. As a result, distinguishing these fake videos from real ones has become fundamental. This paper introduces a new deepfake video detection method. You Only Look Once (YOLO) face detector is used to detect faces from video frames. A proposed hybrid method based on proposing two different feature extraction methods is applied to these faces. The first feature extraction method, a proposed Convolution Neural Network (CNN), is based on the Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) method. The second one is an ameliorated XceptionNet CNN. The two extracted sets of features are merged together and fed as input to a sequence of Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs) to extract the spatial and temporal features and then individuate the authenticity of videos. The proposed method is trained on the CelebDF-FaceForencics++ (c23) dataset and evaluated on the CelebDF test set. The experimental results and analysis confirm the superiority of the suggested method over the state-of-the-art methods.
Current status of type 1 (IgG4-related) autoimmune pancreatitis
Authors: Uchida Kazushige , Okazaki Kazuichi
Published: August 2022

In 1995, Yoshida et al. proposed first the concept of “autoimmune pancreatitis” (AIP). Since then, AIP has been accepted as a new pancreatic inflammatory disease and is now divided two subtypes. Type 1 AIP affected immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) and implicates the pancreatic manifestation of IgG4-related disease, while type 2 is characterized by neutrophil infiltration and granulocytic epithelial lesions (GEL). Recent research has clarified the clinical and pathophysiological aspects of type 1 AIP, which is more than type 2 among the Japanese population. However, many details remain unclear about the pathogenesis and progression of this disease. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge and recent advances relating to type 1 AIP.
Dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic: an opportunity to reflect on sustainability research
Authors: Nölting Benjamin , König Bettina , Zimmermann Anne B. , Di Giulio Antonietta , Schäfer Martina , Schneider Flurina
Published: August 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has jolted societies out of normality, possibly creating new conditions for sustainability transformations. What does this mean for sustainability research? Because of the scope of the crisis, researchers have been heavily involved: not only have they had to speed up the pace of scientific production to provide urgently needed COVID-19 knowledge, but they have also been affected citizens. For sustainability science, this calls for an experience-based reflection on the positionality and orientation of research aiming to support sustainability transformations. Twenty sustainability researchers discussed their sustainability research on COVID-19 in three workshops based on the following questions: How does the pandemic—and the measures taken to deal with it—affect sustainable development? What can we learn from the pandemic from the perspective of societal transformation? The present discussion paper emerged from this multidisciplinary exchange among sustainability researchers, considering five topics: impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on sustainability transformations; learning for sustainability transformations; the role of solidarity; governance and political steering; and the role of science in society. Our discussions led to a meta-level reflection on what sustainability research can learn from research on COVID-19 regarding topics and disciplinary angles, time dimensions, the role of researchers, and how adequate preparation for both crises and long-term transformations requires interdisciplinary interaction.
Dynamics of mud banks and sandy urban beaches in French Guiana, South America
Authors: Jolivet Morgane , Anthony Edward J. , Gardel Antoine , Maury Tanguy , Morvan Sylvain
Published: August 2022

Beach rotation is a widely described process characterized by periodic alternations in sediment transport involving erosion at one end of the beach and accretion at the other. The 1500-km-long coast of the Guianas, South America, is a unique system dominated by large migrating mud banks, muddy, mangrove-rich shorelines, and rare sandy beaches. Interactions between waves and the rare beaches on this coast are affected by the mud banks which are separated by ‘inter-bank’ areas. Kourou beach is situated near the site of the European Space Agency’s satellite-launching pad in French Guiana. The beach has maintained multi-decadal stability, but its interaction with mud banks has led to phases of severe erosion. To understand these changes, which constitute a risk for the urban front of Kourou, we combined a mesoscale temporal (1950–2017) analysis of shoreline fluctuations with a short-term approach based on photogrammetric monitoring of beach change conducted in 2017–2018 and on bathymetric surveys of the nearshore zone. The results show that Kourou beach evolves in a context of ‘rotation’, a process involving periodic alternations in beach erosion and recovery. Rotation is characterized during inter-bank phases by ‘normal’ sand transport to the northwest generated by the prevailing NE waves, and during mud-bank phases by drift reversal to the southeast generated by refraction of these waves at the leading front of a bank. Due to the aperiodic nature of these bank and inter-bank phases, erosion and accretion involved in beach rotation may prevail over variable periods of time (several years to decades). The large mud banks migrating from east to west first protect the southeastern sector of the beach, blocking the ‘normal’ northwestward longshore sand transport, but generating, through differential refraction, southeastward counter-drift. These processes and the irregular timescale of beach rotation they entail have not been compatible with the recent urbanization of the beach front in the southeastern sector, resulting in erosion and a sense of threat to beachfront property. Insight gained from an understanding of the rotation process and its irregular timescales should contribute to better beach-front management.
Injury Profiles of Police Recruits Undergoing Basic Physical Training: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Merrick Nicole , Hart Nicolas H. , Mosler Andrea B. , Allen Garth , Murphy Myles C.
Published: August 2022

Purpose A lack of published epidemiological data among police recruits presents a major challenge when designing appropriate prevention programs to reduce injury burden. We aimed to report the injury epidemiology of Western Australian (WA) Police Force recruits and examine sex and age as injury risk factors. Methods Retrospective analyses were conducted of prospectively collected injury data from WA Police Force recruits between 2018–2021. Injury was defined as ‘time-loss’ and injury incidence rate per 1000 training days (Poisson exact 95% confidence intervals) was calculated. For each region and type of injury, the incidence, severity, and burden were calculated. The association between age, sex, and injury occurrence were assessed using Cox regression time-to-event analysis. Results A total of 1316 WA Police Force recruits were included, of whom 264 recruits sustained 304 injuries. Injury prevalence was 20.1% and the incidence rate was 2.00 (95%CI 1.78–2.24) injuries per 1000 training days. Lower limb injuries accounted for most of the injury burden. Ligament/ joint injuries had the highest injury tissue/pathology burden. The most common activity injuring recruits was physical training (31.8% of all injuries). Older age (Hazard Ratio = 1.5, 95%CI = 1.2 to 1.9, p = 0.002) and female sex (Hazard Ratio = 1.4, 95%CI = 1.3 to 1.6, p < 0.001) increased risk of injury. Conclusion Prevention programs targeting muscle/tendon and ligament/joint injuries to the lower limb and shoulder should be prioritised to reduce the WA Police Force injury burden. Injury prevention programs should also prioritise recruits who are over 30 years of age or of female sex, given they are a higher risk population.
Electronic Health Record–Based Decision-Making Support in Inpatient Diabetes Management
Authors: Gerwer Johanna E. , Bacani Grace , Juang Patricia S. , Kulasa Kristen
Published: August 2022

Purpose of Review

This review discusses ways in which the electronic health record (EHR) can offer clinical decision support (CDS) tools for management of inpatient diabetes and hyperglycemia.

Recent Findings

The use of electronic order sets can help providers order comprehensive basal bolus insulin regimens that are consistent with current guidelines. Order sets have been shown to reduce insulin errors and hypoglycemia rates. They can also help set glycemic targets, give hemoglobin A1C reminders, guide weight-based dosing, and match insulin regimen to nutritional profile. Glycemic management dashboards allow multiple variables affecting blood glucose to be shown in a single view, which allows for efficient evaluation of glucose trends and adjustment of insulin regimen. With the use glycemic management dashboards, active surveillance and remote management also become feasible. Hypoglycemia prevention and management are another part of inpatient diabetes management that is enhanced by EHR CDS tools. Furthermore, diagnosis and management of diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemia hyperosmolar state are improved with the aid of EHR CDS tools.

The use of EHR CDS tools helps improve the care of patients with diabetes and hyperglycemia in the inpatient hospital setting.
“So When We Do Have a Say?” On Sexy Selfie Making as a Standpoint for Seen-ness
Authors: Phillips Emma
Published: August 2022

As photography’s technological advancement has afforded women greater self-representational opportunity and control, new discourses of concern have emerged over women who create sexy selfies. I argue that these discourses are, in part, mired in outdated notions of the heterosexual male gaze which figure sexy selfies to be a contemporary reflection of the ongoing dominance of male sexual desire over the passive and objectified female subject. Using data from a project which involved the photographic collaborations of a professional photographer (myself) and a number of sexy-selfie taking women, I propose to promote the concept of seen-ness as a counter to male-centered gaze discourses and ideals of ‘proper’ feminine/sexual presentation. Like theories on ‘listening’ to create a to-be-heard-ness, there is an ethical imperative for viewing/gazing to create a to-be-seen-ness. I will further argue that sexy selfies have brought objectification discourses to a critical juncture where relations of power between the looker and the looked-at are much less clear and in need of new frameworks for analysis.
Gender differences in self-compassion: a latent profile analysis of compassionate and uncompassionate self-relating in a large adolescent sample
Authors: Ferrari Madeleine , Beath Alissa , Einstein Danielle A. , Yap Keong , Hunt Caroline
Published: August 2022

Self-compassion, a healthy way of relating to oneself, may promote psychological resilience during adolescence. How adolescents engage with self-compassion, and whether they have distinct self-compassionate or uncompassionate psychological profiles, is unclear. This study investigated potential self-compassion profiles based on responses to the Self-Compassion Scale–Short Form (SCS-SF) and examined their relationship with a range of mental health symptoms and cognitive and emotional tendencies. A large cross-sectional sample of high school students (N = 950; Mage = 13.70 years, SDage = 0.72, range = 12 to 16 years; 434 female and 495 male) completed several online self-report measures including the SCS-SF. Latent profile analysis identified parsimonious self-compassion profiles by gender using the six SCS-SF subscales. Five female profiles included ‘Low Self-Relating’, ‘Uncompassionate’, ‘High Self-Relating’, ‘Moderately Compassionate’ and ‘Highly Compassionate’. Comparatively, two male profiles included ‘Low Self-Relating’ and ‘Moderately Self-Relating’. Low Self-Relating involved low levels of both compassionate and uncompassionate responding, and Moderately Self-Relating involved higher levels of both. Low Self-Relating and Highly Compassionate profiles for females consistently reported lower levels of anxiety and depression symptoms, maladaptive perfectionism, intolerance of uncertainty, repetitive thinking and avoidance-fusion thinking patterns compared to the other female profiles. Low Self-Relating males reported more adaptive outcomes compared to Moderate Self-Relating males. These findings illustrate important adolescent gender differences in compassionate and uncompassionate self-response profiles. Results suggest self-compassion is an important psychological construct with diverse mental health benefits for females, whereas for males a lack of attachment to either response styles are linked with better psychological outcomes.
Electoral reform in authoritarian regimes: veto player uncertainty in Jordan
Authors: Farag Mahmoud , Abudalu Muath
Published: August 2022

What explains the move of Jordan to a proportional representation (PR) electoral system in 2016 but not in 2012? This is puzzling given the high public pressure for electoral reform in 2011–12 in the wake of the Arab uprisings compared to 2016. Applying veto player theory to Jordan, this article argues that the non-adoption of PR in 2012 and the subsequent move to PR in 2016 lies mainly in the regime’s perceived uncertainty associated with the results of elections. In 2012, it was feared that elections under a PR system would replicate the 1989 opposition-dominated parliament. The regime, therefore, opted for a mixed system by complementing the single non-transferable vote system with a national party list. To justify such a system, compared to the demanded PR system, the regime resorted to rhetoric directed at both elite and mass levels. In 2016, however, the uncertainty associated with adopting a PR system ceased to exist. The fragmentation of Jordan’s strongest opposition group, the Jordanian Muslim Brotherhood, reduced uncertainty about their electoral strength. At the same time, malapportionment reduced uncertainty regarding the outcomes of the elections. The article shows how electoral reform in authoritarian regimes, as in some democracies, can be explained through the perceived uncertainty of elections’ outcomes.
Professional competence(s) of physical education teachers: terms, traditions, modelling and perspectives
Authors: Baumgartner Matthias
Published: August 2022

The effectiveness of (physical education [PE]) teachers on students’ school performance (as well as the effectiveness of PE teacher education [PETE]) has been studied within different research paradigms. The evidence shows that the quality of students’ school performance is strongly dependent on the (PE) teacher and the quality of their teaching. Consequently, research into the effectiveness of PE teachers and the effectiveness of PETE has become a central subject of PE research. In this regard, there has been a competence-orientated shift in research on the effectiveness of PE teachers and PETE over the past 15 years. Focusing on competence-oriented PE teacher research, it becomes apparent that this is in a consolidation phase and that the advantages of the competence construct is not fully understood. In addition, the term ‘competence’ is used differently within PE teacher research. Accordingly, this theoretical article aims to clarify the concepts within competence-oriented PE teacher research, to present the different competence-oriented PE teacher research traditions, and to generate a typology and topology model of Professional Competence of Physical Education Teachers (Compe-PET model). The model assumes that the improvement of real-world performance is achieved through the following three developmental components: (1) the qualitative improvement of the aspects of competency (e.g., professional knowledge); (2) the improvement of the situated perception, interpretation, and decision-making skills (P-I-D); (3) through the deliberative practice of implementation of the quality criteria in one’s own teaching practice. Results are discussed with implications focusing on PETE and PE teacher research.