bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONCERNING THE ROLE OF UNIVERSITIES IN THE FORMATION OF CATHOLIC CONSERVATISM IN THE USA
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Lanchava Alexander
Published: February 2024

The article deals with the analysis of the main aspects of universities’ influence on the foundation and modern development of the ideology of Catholic conservatism in the US. Introductory part defines two basic strategies of defining and constructing Catholic education’s identity: countercultural and adaptive. The former implies a strict student’s upbringing according to the norms of Catholic morality, the latter - acquisition of skills that allow to assume leading positions in country’s politics and economics. It is stated that their genesis and development were caused by the unique political and cultural circumstances of the USA, in particular, the church-state separation and hostile protestant culture. The first section offers the classification of modern Catholic universities based on the degree of their integration in secular culture and global economic. Five models are proposed: pluralist, dialogical, conservative, formational and exclusivist. The section demonstrates how universities’ institutional structures represent the main currents of the modern Catholic conservatism. The second section argues that the differences between modern Catholic conservative critique of the secular universities and its mid-twentieth century version point to the fundamental transformation of the ideology of Catholic conservatism itself. The main difference consist in a realization of a connection between moral and economic aspects of university, which manifested itself in the populist critique of the meritocratic principle in higher education. This ideological shift allows to explain the reason for growing dissatisfaction of conservative voters and politicians with a government funding of institutions of higher education which are being perceived as hostile and dysfunctional.
DYNAMICS OF THE MODEL OF PATRIOTISM IN THE MINDS OF SENIOR STUDENTS IN THE REGIONS OF SIBERIA IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CHANGING GEOPOLITICAL SITUATION
Authors:   Altai State University, Shashkova Yaroslava , Aseev Sergey ,   Altai State University
Published: February 2024

This article concerns the 9-11 grades students in the regions of the Siberian Federal District and analysis of their ideas of the image of a patriot and the relevant normative models of behavior. Based on a comparative analysis of the data of mass surveys conducted by the questionnaire method in the fall of 2020 and 2022, the authors conclude that the young people understand patriotism as love for the homeland most particularly, expressed through a complex of emotional and cognitive qualities. At the same time, the authors note that as a result of the significant government’s activation in patriotic education of the youth, as well as of the ongoing foreign policy confrontation, there has been an increase in the "blind" and "active" patriotism popularity among high school students. Meanwhile, the number of respondents who have not set their own understanding of a patriot image, is reducing. The students show a peculiar reaction to the formalist nature of a significant number of patriotic events: the authors observe the strengthening of students’ conviction in the individuality of the feeling of patriotism and the absence of the need for its centralized formation. The use of cluster analysis made it possible to divide the respondents into 5 clusters depending on their ideas of the image of a patriot: 1) supporters of the “blind contemplative patriot”, 2) “blind active patriot”, 3) “constructive contemplative patriot”, 4) “constructive active patriot” and 5) “undecided." There is a predominance of clusters of "blind contemplative" and "constructive active", and among them, the age delimitation have been established. In conclusion, the authors note a general increase in patriotic sentiments among high school students in the regions of the Siberian Federal District, however, they raise the question of the degree and factors of sustainability of this trend as a basis for further research.
A HISTORY OF AFRICAN AMERICAN SEPARATISM IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Karandeev Ivan , Achkasov Valery ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: February 2024

This article analyzes the history of the development of the phenomenon of radical African-American movements classified as separatist. The roots of the phenomenon go back to the abolitionist movement of the mid-19th century, but most of these movements appeared in the USA in the 1920s - 1960s, after the migration of African Americans from the southern states, referred to the «black belt» to the industrialized states of the North and their concentration in ethnically homogeneous ghettos of large cities with a disadvantaged socio-economic situation. Irredentist movements that appealed to the construction of African-American identity based on ethnic and cultural nationalism, such as «Back to Africa», which aimed at universal immigration of blacks from the United States, and interpreting the religion «Nation of Islam», gained particular popularity. Separatist movements acted as a radical alternative to the Civil Rights Movement, and the figure of activist Malcolm X, who came out of the Nation of Islam, became a counterweight to Martin Luther King. With the development of the anti-colonial movement in third world countries, organizations such as the Black Panthers and the Republic of New Africa turned to the right of nations to self-determination and left-wing anti-imperialist rhetoric. The activities of other organizations, for example, the Black Liberation Army, can be characterized as terrorist. Later organizations, such as the New Black Panther Party, are often characterized by experts as «hate groups». Although with the success of the integration policy, the popularity of separatist demands has fallen, the actions of African-American nationalist organizations in the conditions of polarization of modern American politics indicate that the forms of struggle of the African-American community for political independence in the future are not exhausted.
WORLD POLITICS IN CONDITIONS OF GEOPOLITICAL UNCERTAINTY: TRENDS AND PROSPECTS
Authors:   North-Western Institute of Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Baranov Nikolai ,   Institute of Scientific Informationin Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2024

Modern social development, which is an imperative of world politics, has turned out to be dependent on the geopolitical changes taking place in the international arena, as well as the challenges and threats facing humanity. The purpose of the work is to reveal the causes of geopolitical uncertainty, identify trends in social development and prospects of world politics in the current conditions. As a methodological tool for identifying the influence of dominant ideas on the construction of the international system and world politics, a constructivist approach to international relations has been applied, in which any international actor interacting with an international structure influences it and falls under its influence, which allows us to consider the problem in the interconnectedness and interdependence of actions taken by actors. The article analyzes the work of researchers on threats and challenges to the modern world, suggests factors that, from the author's point of view, radically influenced modern world politics, which led to geopolitical uncertainty, outlines trends in modern development and prospects in world politics, concludes that Western world development projects are ideologized and the inability of modern elites to effectively to solve world political problems, in connection with which reasonable political activity remains an unrealized dream. The basis of world politics, according to the author, is the ability to survive and effectively solve problems related to challenges and threats in the global world, so there is no alternative to the formation of a world order in which the interests of all political actors are taken into account and it becomes possible to negotiate with each other in the name of common world political interests.
A comprehensive review on adsorptive removal of azo dyes using functional materials
Authors: Khan Afsar , Ju Peiwen , Han Zhengwei , Ni Chenquan
Published: February 2024

The shortage of freshwater resources caused by azo dye pollution is an acute global issue, which has a great impact on environmental protection and human health. Therefore, the use of new strategies for designing and synthesizing green, efficient, and economical materials for the removal of azo dyes is required. Among the various methods for removal of azo dyes, adsorption by using advanced functional materials, including nanomaterials, metal oxides, metal oxides–polymer composite, biomaterials, and porous materials, have attracted significant attention over the past few years because of their capabilities of brilliant removal efficiency, high selectivity, quick response, reversibility, flexibility in operation, and less harmful by-products. In this review, we report the adsorption of azo dyes and general design principles underlying the above-mentioned functional materials and, in particular, highlight the fundamental mechanisms and effect of various environmental conditions; also, current challenges and opportunities in this exciting field have been emphasized, including the fabrication, subsequent treatment, and potential future applications of such functional materials.
Multi-site calibration of the SWAT hydrological model and study of spatio-temporal variation of water balance components in the Narayani River Basin, central part of Nepal
Authors: Devkota Nirajan , Lamichhane Suraj , Bhattarai Pawan Kumar
Published: February 2024

Science-policy interaction is vital for addressing hydro-climatic disasters in data-limited regions, with modeling and analysis as key components. The utilization of the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model facilitated an evaluation of water balance variations across time and space within Narayani Basin through multi-site calibration. The adjustment of all parameters via the SUFI-2 algorithm revealed that precipitation and temperature lapse rate (PLAPS and TLAPS) exhibit higher sensitivity in scenarios where observed stations fail to capture orographic effects. The calibrated model accurately replicated evapotranspiration, net water yield, and groundwater flow for each sub-basin, including average flow and flow duration curve at calibration points. Findings indicated that 22% of precipitation is lost to evaporation, while 75% contributes to basin runoff, showcasing significant spatial and temporal variability in water balance components. Notably, net water yield comprises 44% lateral flow, 38% surface flow, and 16% groundwater flow, with distinct spatial patterns favoring lateral flow in the Himalayas and groundwater flow in the plains due to topographical variations. These outcomes offer actionable insights for policymakers and water resource managers, enabling assessments of climate and land use impacts and facilitating the formulation of policies for sustainable water resource utilization.
Challenges and opportunities for decentralised water technologies in Scotland
Authors: Lawson Elizabeth , Robbie Jill , Sloan William T. , Amezaga Jaime
Published: February 2024

The paradigm of centralised water and wastewater services is coming under significant pressure from multiple global factors. Therefore, there is a need to consider the challenges and opportunities for decentralised water and wastewater technologies and systems. This search is particularly relevant within the context of Scotland, where a proportion of the population uses existing decentralised technologies. The Scottish context shows that those using decentralised services struggle to manage their water and wastewater services without appropriate support. However, the global goals of universal access to safe water and adequate sanitation, a just transition to net-zero and community empowerment, provide opportunities and policy pathways towards the implementation and improvement of decentralised technologies and systems.
Potential and risks of water reuse in Brandenburg (Germany) – an interdisciplinary case study
Authors: Dittmann Daniel , Seelig Alina H. , Thalmann Mogens , Wilkes Theresa , Junghans Veikko , Zahn Daniel , Klitzke Sondra , Peters Andre , Haberkamp Jens , Reemtsma Thorsten , Ruhl Aki S.
Published: February 2024

For Brandenburg, a region in Germany with increasing water shortage and drought events, water reuse can counteract competition scenarios between drinking water supply, agricultural irrigation, and industrial use. Centralized and decentralized sources for reclaimed water are found to potentially substitute 245 or 28% of irrigation water, respectively, in agriculture production in Brandenburg. For such a reuse scenario, the fate of organic micro-pollutants is examined for diatrizoate (DZA) and carbamazepine (CBZ). Retention in local sandy soil and transfer into roots and leaves of arugula are analyzed in lysimeter studies and greenhouse pot experiments. Vertical transport was found for DZA and accumulation in or on arugula roots with a root concentration factor of 1,925 ± 34% but a low bioconcentration factor due to intrinsic molecule properties. CBZ was not found to be mobile in the sandy soil but accumulates in arugula roots and leaves by factors of 70 ± 7% and 155 ± 12%, respectively. Further research on potential plant uptake and groundwater enrichment for more substances is highly recommended as well as tertiary wastewater treatment prior to water reuse.
Characteristics of dissolved organic matter during the cyanobacterial degradation in Chaohu Lake, China
Authors: Cheng Qiao , He Xi , Feng Airong , Ouyang Wenjuan , Hu Yanyun , Feng Jingwei , Zhang Liu , Yin Hao , Zheng Liugen
Published: February 2024

The actual DOM in Chaohu Lake was used to feed cyanobacterial to explore the changes of microbial communities, fluorescence spectral characteristics and molecular composition of DOM during the degradation of cyanobacteria. It is found that cyanobacterial grow periodically depending on the concentration of nutrients with the decreasing concentration of nutrient salts. Both Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria have strong correlation with algae growth. Bacteroidetes has a positive correlation with algae growth, relationship on the contrary, Actinobacteria has a negative relationship. The humus-like components in the four groups are similar, but the protein-like component (C3) shows periodic changes with the life process of cyanobacteria. The average molecular weight of each sample detected by Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometer increases slightly and the DOM increase aromaticity in the end. In this study, the molecule of Carboxyl-Rich Alicyclic Molecules (CRAM) is difficult to be done by photodegradation and biodegradation in the early periods, but some molecules of CRAM are selectively degraded by microorganisms in the final period. The growth of cyanobacterial lead to increasing the concentration of protein-like and carbohydrate-like molecule of DOM in the water. In the final stage, the molecule group of CHO disappear significantly and the molecule group of heteroatomic group increase.
Quantifying an nconvenient truth : revisiting a culture of adjustment on work/rest hours
Authors: Bhatia Bikram S. , Baumler Raphael , Carrera Maria , Manuel Michael , Bartuseviciene Inga
Published: February 2024

, Raphael , Maria Carrera, Michael E. Manuel, and Inga Bartuseviciene
Application Research Progress of Nanomaterial Graphene and its Derivative Complexes in Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Cui Li Wen , Fan Lu Yao , Shen Zhi Yong
Published: February 2024

:

Functional nanomaterial graphene and its derivatives have attracted considerable
attention in many fields because of their unique physical and chemical properties.
Most notably, graphene has become a research hotspot in the biomedical field, especially
in relation to malignant tumors. In this study, we briefly review relevant research
from recent years on graphene and its derivatives in tumor diagnosis and antitumor therapy.
The main contents of the study include the graphene-derivative diagnosis of tumors
in the early stage, graphene quantum dots, photodynamics, MRI contrast agent, acoustic
dynamics, and the effects of ultrasonic cavitation and graphene on tumor therapy. Moreover,
the biocompatibility of graphene is briefly described. This review provides a broad
overview of the applications of graphene and its derivatives in tumors. Conclusion,
graphene and its derivatives play an important role in tumor diagnosis and treatment.
Effects of Herpud1 in Methamphetamine-induced Neuronal Apoptosis
Authors: Lu Shuang , Li Yan , Wang Lewen , Xiong Kun , Yan Jie , Zhai Zhihao , Yan Weitao
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

Methamphetamine (METH) is an illicit psychoactive substance
that can damage various organs in the body, especially the nervous system. We hypothesized
that expression of homocysteine-inducible endoplasmic reticulum-resident with
ubiquitin-like domain member 1 (Herpud1) protein would alleviate the induction of
apoptosis following METH administration.

Methods:

To test this hypothesis, we analysed the changes in Herpud1 expression and
apoptosis in PC12 cells under different concentrations and exposure times of METH.
Moreover, we examined the effects of Herpud1 knockdown on METH-induced neuronal
apoptosis. Flow cytometry and Western blot analyses were used to evaluate apoptosis
levels and the expression of apoptotic markers (cleaved caspase-3) in PC12 cells following
Herpud1 knockdown by synthetic small interfering RNA (siRNA).

Results:

Our results showed that Herpud1 expression was upregulated in PC12 cells following
METH treatment, while endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and apoptosis were
also increased. Conversely, Herpud1 knockdown reduced METH-induced ERS and
apoptosis levels in vitro.

Conclusions:

These results suggest that Herpud1 plays an essential role in METH-induced
neuronal ERS and apoptosis and may represent a potential therapeutic gene target
in METH-induced neurotoxicity.
lncRNA-056298 Regulates GAP43 and Promotes Cardiac Intrinsic Autonomic Nerve Remodelling in a Canine Model of Atrial Fibrillation Induction after Ganglionated Plexus Ablation
Authors: Bai Shuting , Wang Ximin , Hou Yinglong , Cui Yansong , Song Qiyuan , Du Juanjuan , Zhang Yujiao , Xu Jingwen
Published: February 2024

Background:

Cardiac intrinsic autonomic nerve remodelling has been reported
to play an important role in the recurrence of atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency
ablation, which significantly affects the long-term efficacy of this procedure. lncRNAs
have been shown to interact in the pathological processes underlying heart diseases.
However, the roles and mechanisms of lncRNAs in cardiac intrinsic autonomic nerve remodelling
during atrial fibrillation reduction after ganglionated plexus ablation remain
unknown.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which lncRNA-
056298 modulates GAP43 to affect cardiac intrinsic autonomic nerve remodelling
and facilitate the induction of atrial fibrillation after ganglionated plexus ablation.

Methods:

A canine model of right atrial ganglionated plexus ablation was established.
The atrial electrophysiological characteristics and neural markers were detected before
and after 6 months of ganglionated plexus ablation. High-throughput sequencing was
used to screen differentially expressed lncRNAs in target atrial tissues, and lncRNA-
056298 was selected to further explore its effects and mechanisms on cardiac intrinsic
autonomic nerve remodelling.

Results:

The induction rate of atrial fibrillation increased in dogs after ganglionated
plexus ablation. Overexpression of lncRNA-056298 by lentivirus can shorten the atrial
effective refractory period and increase the induction of atrial fibrillation. lncRNA-
056298 promoted cardiac intrinsic autonomic nerve remodelling via endogenous
competition with cfa-miR-185 to induce transcription of its target gene GAP43, thereby
affecting the induction of atrial fibrillation.

Conclusions:

lncRNA-056298 regulates GAP43 by sponging miR-185, which affects
cardiac intrinsic autonomic nerve remodelling and mediates atrial fibrillation induction
after ganglionated plexus ablation.
Exploring the Effect of Xiao-Chai-Hu Decoction on Treating Psoriasis Based on
Network Pharmacology and Experiment Validation
Authors: He Ke , Wang Ziyang , Liu Meng , Du Wenqian , Yin Tingyi , Bai Ruimin , Duan Qiqi , Wang Yuqian , Lei Hao , Zheng Yan
Published: February 2024

Background:

Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory and recurrent skin disease. Xiao-Chai-Hu Decoction
(XCHD) has shown good effects against some inflammatory diseases and cancers. However, the pharmacological
effect and mechanisms of XCHD on psoriasis are not yet clear.

Objective:

To uncover the effect and mechanisms of XCHD on psoriasis by integrating network pharmacology,
molecular docking, and in vivo experiments.

Methods:

The active ingredients and corresponding targets of XCHD were screened through Traditional Chinese
Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis (TCMSP) and Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated
Database (TCMID). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of psoriasis were obtained from the gene
expression omnibus (GEO) database. The XCHD-psoriasis intersection targets were obtained by intersecting
XCHD targets, and DEGs were used to establish the “herb-active ingredient-target” network and Protein-Protein
Interaction (PPI) Network. The hub targets were identified based on the PPI network by Cytoscape software.
Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis
were performed next. Molecular docking was executed via AutoDockTools-1.5.6. Finally, in vivo experiments
were carried out further to validate the therapeutic effects of XCHD on psoriasis.

Results:

58 active components and 219 targets of XCHD were screened. 4 top-active components (quercetin,
baicalein, wogonin and kaempferol) and 7 hub targets (IL1B, CXCL8, CCND1, FOS, MMP9, STAT1 and
CCL2) were identified. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses indicated that the TNF signaling pathway,
IL-17 signaling pathway and several pathways were involved. Molecular docking results indicated that
hub genes had a good affinity to the corresponding key compounds. In imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis
mouse models, XCHD could significantly improve psoriasis-like skin lesions, downregulate KRT17 and Ki67,
and inhibit inflammation cytokines and VEGF.

Conclusions:

XCHD showed the therapeutic effect on psoriasis by regulating keratinocyte differentiation, and
suppressing inflammation and angiogenesis, which provided a theoretical basis for further experiments and
clinical research.
Identification of Novel Hub Genes Associated with Inflammation and Autophagy in Astragaloside Membranaceus ameliorates Lupus Nephritis by Bioinformatics Analysis and Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Kong Kaili , Qiao Xiaomei , Liu Ting , Wang Xiaoxia , Li Rui , Fang Jingai , Zhang Xiaodong
Published: February 2024

Background:

Lupus nephritis is an autoimmune disease, and its pathogenesis involves
inflammation and autophagy disorders. Studies have demonstrated that Astragalus membranaceus
can effectively suppress the progression of LN, but the underlying therapeutic target is still unclear.

Objection:

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic target whereby AM ameliorates LN.

Method:

We downloaded AM and LN-related chips from the TCMSP and GEO databases, respectively.
We selected the two compound targets for the subsequent analysis via WGCNA, and constructed
protein interaction networks of compound targets and determined the core targets. GO,
KEGG analyses were conducted on compound targets to identify enriched functional and genomic
pathways. The core genes were further validated in clinical and external datasets. Molecular docking
of AS with the core targets was performed using the AutoDock software, and molecular dynamics
simulation was conducted for the optimal core protein ligand obtained by molecular docking
by Gromacs 2020.6 software.

Result:

We obtained 10 core targets, namely IL-1β, EGF, CCND1, CASP3, STAT1, PTGS2,
PPARγ, AR, CXCL10, and KDR, from the 24 compound targets identified. The results of the GO
enrichment analysis mainly included cell growth regulation. The results of the KEGG enrichment
analysis showed that 7 out of 23 valid targets were significantly enriched in the mitogen-activated
protein kinase pathway (p < 0.01). Combined with the clinical datasets, we found that IL-1β, EGF,
CCND1, CASP3, STAT1, PTGS2, and PPARγ have high diagnostic values for LN. In the validation
dataset, all the core targets were significantly differentially expressed, except for EGF deletion.
The molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation results showed that AM and IL-
1β, CASP3, STAT1, and PPARγ all had binding energies < -5 kJ·mol-1 and good binding properties.

Conclusion:

IL-1β, CASP3, STAT1, and PPARγ could be potential biomarkers and therapeutic
targets in AM ameliorates LN.
Integrating Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification to Explore the Pharmacological Mechanisms of Cordycepin against Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Rats
Authors: Lin Jiangpeng , Zhang Yuzhuo , Lin Shuangfeng , Ding Haiming , Liu Weihua
Published: February 2024

Background:

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease with high
morbidity and mortality. Cordycepin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immune enhancing
effects. However, the role of Cordycepin in the treatment of PAH and its mechanism is not clear.

Methods:

The Cordycepin structure and PAH-related gene targets were obtained from public databases.
The KEGG and GO enrichment analysis of common targets was performed in DAVID.
PPI networks were also mapped using the STRING platform. AutoDock Vina, AutoDockTools,
ChemBio3D and Pymol tools were selected for molecular docking of key targets. The therapeutic
effects of Cordycepin on PAH were observed in Monocrotaline(MCT)-induced PAH rats and
platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGFBB)-induced rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
(PASMCs). The right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) was detected. HE staining, Western
Blot, Scratch assay, EDU and TUNEL assays were used respectively.

Results:

Through Network Pharmacology and molecular docking , the Cordycepin-PAH core
genes were found to be TP53, AKT1, CASP3, BAX and BCL2L1. In MCT-induced PAH rats,
the administration of Cordycepin significantly reduced RVSP, and inhibited pulmonary vascular
remodeling. In PDGFBB-induced PASMCs, Cordycepin reduced the migration and proliferation
of PASMCs and promoted apoptosis. After the Cordycepin treatment, the protein expressions of
TP53, Cleaved CASP3 and BAX were significantly increased, while the protein expressions of
p-AKT1 and BCL2L1 were significantly decreased in MCT-PAH rats and PDGFBB-induced
PASMCs.

Conclusion:

This study identified that TP53, AKT1, CASP3, BAX, and BCL2L1 were the potential
targets of Cordycepin against PAH by ameliorating pulmonary vascular remodeling, inhibiting
the abnormal proliferation and migration of PASMCs and increasing apoptosis of
PASMCs. which provided a new understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms of
Cordycepin in the treatment of PAH.
Prediction of Anti-rheumatoid Arthritis Natural Products of Xanthocerais Lignum Based on LC-MS and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Qian Hao , Xiao Zhibin , Su Lei , Yang Yaqiong , Tian XiangYang , Wang Xiaoqin
Published: February 2024

Aims:

Employing the technique of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS)
in conjunction with artificial intelligence (AI) technology to predict and screen for antirheumatoid
arthritis (RA) active compounds in Xanthocerais lignum.

Background:

Natural products have become an important source of new drug discovery. RA is a
chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation and systemic inflammation.
Although there are many drugs available for the treatment of RA, they still have many side effects
and limitations. Therefore, finding more effective and safer natural products for the treatment
of RA has become an important issue.

Methods:

In this study, a collection of inhibitors targeting RA-related specific targets was gathered.
Machine learning models and deep learning models were constructed using these inhibitors.
The performance of the models was evaluated using a test set and ten-fold cross-validation, and
the most optimal model was selected for integration. A total of five commonly used machine
learning algorithms (logistic regression, k-nearest neighbors, support vector machines, random
forest, XGBoost) and one deep learning algorithm (GCN) were employed in this research. Subsequently,
a Xanthocerais lignum compound library was established through HPLC-Q-Exactive-
MS analysis and relevant literature. The integrated model was utilized to predict and screen for
anti-RA active compounds in Xanthocerais lignum.

Results:

The integrated model exhibited an AUC greater than 0.94 for all target datasets, demonstrating
improved stability and accuracy compared to individual models. This enhancement enables
better activity prediction for unknown compounds. By employing the integrated model, the
activity of 69 identified compounds in Xanthocerais lignum was predicted. The results indicated
that isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, myricetin, rutinum, cinnamtannin B1, and dihydromyricetin
exhibited inhibitory effects on multiple targets. Furthermore, myricetin and dihydromyricetin
were found to have relatively higher relative abundances in Xanthocerais lignum, suggesting that
they may serve as the primary active components contributing to its anti-RA effects.

Conclusion:

In this study, we utilized AI technology to learn from a large number of compounds
and predict the activity of natural products from Xanthocerais lignum on specific targets. By
combining AI technology and the LC-MS approach, rapid screening and prediction of the activity
of natural products based on specific targets can be achieved, significantly enhancing the efficiency
of discovering new bioactive molecules from medicinal plants.
Exosomes Derived from Astragaloside IV-pretreated Endothelial Progenitor Cells (AS-IV-Exos) Alleviated Endothelial Oxidative Stress and Dysfunction via the miR-210/ Nox2/ROS Pathway
Authors: Xiong Wu , Zhang Xi , Zou Xiao-Ling , Peng Sai , Lei Hua-Juan , Liu Xiang-Nan , Zhao Lan , Huang Zi-Xin
Published: February 2024

Background:

Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes induces oxidative stress,
leading to damage to the vascular system. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the
effects and mechanisms of AS-IV-Exos in alleviating endothelial oxidative stress and
dysfunction caused by high glucose (HG).

Methods:

Histopathological changes were observed using HE staining, and CD31
expression was assessed through immunohistochemistry (IHC). Cell proliferation was
evaluated through CCK8 and EDU assays. The levels of ROS, SOD, and GSH-Px in
the skin tissues of each group were measured using ELISA. Cell adhesion, migration,
and tube formation abilities were assessed using adhesion, Transwell, and tube
formation experiments. ROS levels in HUVEC cells were measured using flow
cytometry. The levels of miR-210 and Nox2 were determined through quantitative
reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The expression of Nox2,
SOD, GSH-Px, CD63, and CD81 was confirmed using WB.

Results:

The level of miR-210 was reduced in diabetes-induced skin damage, while
the levels of Nox2 and ROS increased. Treatment with AS-IV increased the level of
miR-210 in EPC-Exos. Compared to Exos, AS-IV-Exos significantly reduced the
proliferation rate, adhesion number, migration speed, and tube-forming ability of HGdamaged
HUVEC cells. AS-IV-Exos also significantly decreased the levels of SOD
and GSH-Px in HG-treated HUVEC cells and reduced the levels of Nox2 and GSH-Px.
However, ROS levels and Nox2 could reverse this effect.

Conclusion:

AS-IV-Exos effectively alleviated endothelial oxidative stress and
dysfunction induced by HG through the miR-210/Nox2/ROS pathway.
Influence of Nano-Particulate Impurities and β-glucans on the Stability of
Protein-Based Formulations
Authors: Satapathy Soumya Ranjan , Sahoo Rudra Narayan , Nayak Amit Kumar
Published: February 2024

Pharmaceutical grade sugars manufactured under Current Good Manufacturing Practice
(cGMP) and complied with International Pharmaceutical Excipients Council (IPEC) quality standards,
also contain a significant amount of nano-particulate impurities (NPIs). This review will focus
on the origin of NPIs, the mechanism of their interference with Dynamic light scattering (DLS)
and endotoxin tests, filtration technology to effectively reduce the NPIs, methodologies for analytical
quantification of NPIs, guidance for setting the limits of threshold concentration and the
overall impact of NPIs on the therapeutic activity, performance, stability of biopharmaceuticals
and protein-based formulations. NPIs with an average particle size of 100 to 200 nm are present in
sugars and are a combination of various chemicals such as dextrans (with the presence of β-glucans),
ash, inorganic metal salts, aromatic colorants, etc. These NPIs primarily originate from raw materials
and cannot be removed during the sugar refinement process. While it is commonly believed
that filtering the final formulation with a 0.22 μ sterilizing grade filter removes all microbes and
particles, it is important to note that NPIs cannot be filtered using this standard sterile filtration
technology. Exceeding the threshold limit of NPIs can have detrimental effects on formulations
containing proteins, monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs), nucleic acids, and other biopharmaceuticals.
NPIs and β-glucans have a critical impact on the functionality and therapeutic activity of biomolecules
and if present below the threshold limit of reaction, stability and shelf-life of biologics
formulation will be greatly improved and the risk of immunogenic reactions must be significantly
decreased.
Clinical Significance of HHLA2 as a Novel Therapeutic Target for
Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wang Hongbo , An Zhonghua , Liu Yingzhou , Ding Guanghui , Deng Guojin , Ji Changsheng , Gong Yanling
Published: February 2024

Background:

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a high-indence malignance of the digestive
system with a high mortality rate in the world.

Aim:

The results are desired to provide an important theoretical basis for discovering new therapeutic
targets for CRC.

Objective:

The expression of human endogenous retrovirus-H-long terminal repeat association
protein 2 (HHLA2) in human CRC was detected to explore its correlationship with clinicopathological
features and prognosis of patients and its potential in treating CRC.

Methods:

Western blot was employed to detect HHLA2 expression in fresh tissues obtained from
6 CRC patients' excisions, including cancer, paracancer, and normal issues. Immunohistochemical
staining was employed to determine HHLA2 expression in paraffin-embedded specimens of 139
patients with colorectal cancer, and its relationship with the clinicopathological profiles and survival
was analyzed. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting HHLA2 was used to transfect CRC
cells to silent HHLA2. MTT, plate colony formation, cell scratch, and Transwell assay were conducted
to observe the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells.

Results:

HHLA2 protein was expressed in human colorectal cancer tissues, paracancer tissues and
normal tissues, which was significantly upregulated in cancer tissues (P < 0.01). HHLA2 expression
level in CRC tissues showed a close correlationship with the invasion depth of the tumor (P =
0.000), metastasis of regional lymph nodes (P = 0.018), clinical stage (P = 0.010), and patient survival
(P = 0.011). Correlation with gender (P = 0.873), age (P = 0.864), location of the tumor (P =
0.768), degree of tumor differentiation (P = 0.569) and distant metastasis (P = 0.494) exhibited no
significance. The survival time of CRC patients with high and low HHLA2 expression groups was
43.231 months and 55.649 months, respectively, with a statistical difference between the two
groups (P = 0.001). Silencing HHLA2 inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC
cells significantly.

Conclusion:

HHLA2 is overexpressed in CRC tissues which is associated with poor prognosis of
patients. HHLA2 might be recognized as a new candidate for adjuvant diagnosis and prognosis of
CRC, as well as a promised new target for immunotherapy of CRC.
Iodine Status in Cyprus and Neighboring Countries: A Review Article
Authors: Akcan Nese , Zaimagaoglu Ismet
Published: February 2024

:

Despite the implementation of global iodine supplementation initiatives in the past decade,
the problem of iodine deficiency persists as a significant public health concern in numerous
countries. Although cretinism is now rare in developed countries, iodine deficiency can still lead
to less severe cognitive deficits, which can negatively impact academic achievement, intellectual
capacity, and work productivity. There is a scarcity of studies regarding the status of Cyprus, and
the global database does not have any information pertaining to the prevalence of iodine deficiency
in Cyprus. The geographical setting of the research is of importance as it pertains to the separation
of Cyprus into two distinct areas. One region is predominantly inhabited by Greek Cypriots,
where the practice of salt iodization is not mandatory. Conversely, the other region is primarily inhabited
by Turkish Cypriots, who may potentially experience higher amounts of iodine contact
due to their reliance on food imports from Turkey, where salt-iodisation is compulsory. The main
objective of this study is to provide an overview of recent research conducted on the prevalence of
iodine deficiency in Cyprus and neighboring Mediterranean nations. In this study, we assess the
current method and subsequently offer public health recommendations for future research endeavors.
Persistent Hiccups Shortly after Tramadol Intake: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Tharwat Ali Hossam , Emad Mohamed Ziad , Mahmoud Shalaby Mohamed , Leticia Fornari Caprara Ana , Pitton Rissardo Jamir
Published: February 2024

Background and objective:

Tramadol can inhibit serotonin and norepinephrine
reuptake leading to stimulation of the central component of the hiccup reflex arc. We have found
only two previous cases of tramadol-induced hiccups. Additionally, three pharmacovigilance
studies have investigated the involvement of tramadol in cases who have developed hiccups as
adverse effects. Herein, we have presented a case of a middle-aged male who has developed hiccups
shortly after tramadol intake.

Case Presentation:

A 35-year-old male complaining of chronic pain in the right knee was treated
with tramadol. The individual developed hiccups within 10 hours of the first tramadol dose.
The patient tried to stop the hiccups with non-pharmacological measures, such as stopping the
air inside the lungs and drinking cold fluids. The patient appeared to concentrate on avoiding
hiccups, which he could avoid for some time. However, then, the hiccups would come all at a
unique time. The hiccups occurred at a frequency of one hiccup/5-10 seconds, interrupting the
patient's nutrition and sleep pattern. Eventually, tramadol was suspected of inducing hiccups, and
baclofen was started.

Conclusion:

Tramadol as well as opioids should be considered as a cause of hiccups. We aim to
improve awareness about the safety of such drugs among physicians and the proper management
of associated risks.
Deleterious Biological Effects of Endocrine Disruptors: An Insight into
Human Health Risks
Authors: Lawati Abdullah Al , Hashmi Lubna Al , Aswami Husain Al , Hadhrami Abdulrahman Al , Chin Kok-Yong , Sirasanagandla Srinivasa Rao , Das Srijit
Published: February 2024

:

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are environmental pollutants. Since EDCs
are present in various consumer products, contamination of human beings is very common.
EDCs have deleterious effects on various systems of the body, especially the endocrine and reproductive systems. EDCs interfere with the synthesis, metabolism, binding, or cellular responses of natural estrogens and alter various pathways. Biological samples such as blood, saliva, milk, placental tissue, and hair are frequently used for biomonitoring and the detection of
EDCs. Early detection and intervention may help in preventing congenital anomalies and birth
defects. The common methods for determining the presence of EDCs in body fluids include gas
chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry. Understanding the health effects and dangers of EDC is important, given their widespread use. This
mini-review aims to summarize the adverse biological effects of several important classes of
EDCs and highlights future perspectives for appropriate control.
A Comprehensive Study of Deep Learning Techniques to Predict
Dissimilar Diseases in Diabetes Mellitus Using IoT
Authors: Balaraju Ramesh , Lakshmanna Kuruva
Published: February 2024

India has evaluated 77 million people with diabetes, which makes it the second most
elaborated disease in the world. Diabetes is a chronic syndrome that occurs with increased sugar
levels in the blood cells. Once diabetes is diagnosed and untreated by physicians, it may affect
the internal organs slowly, so there is a necessity for early prediction. Popular Machine
Learning (ML) techniques existed for the early prediction of diabetes mellitus. A significant
perspective is to be considered in total management by machine learning algorithms, but it is
not a good enough model to predict DMT2. Therefore, Deep learning (DL) models are utilized
to produce enhanced prediction accuracy. The ML methods are evaluated and analyzed distinctly
on the inconspicuous test information. DL is a subpart of ML with many data sets recurrently
used to train the system. IoT was another emerging technology-based Healthcare Monitoring
System (HMS) built to support the vision of patients and doctors in the healthcare domain.
This paper aims to survey ML and DL techniques relevant to Dissimilar Disease prediction
in Diabetes Mellitus. Finally, by doing a study on it, deep learning methods performed
well in predicting the dissimilar diseases related to diabetes and also other disease predictions
using m-IoT devices. This study will contribute to future deep-learning ideas that will assist in
detecting diabetic-related illnesses with greater accuracy.
Impact of MDRs on COVID-19 Patients Among Developing Countries
Authors: Bharadwaj Alok
Published: February 2024

:

The COVID-19 virus has killed more than 6.3 million people worldwide. The misuse of
antibiotics increased during epidemics, leading to the spread of MDRs. Although antibiotic use is
increasing in both developed and developing countries, the utility level and abuse are higher in developing
countries. This could have negative consequences for the vaccine, especially considering
that many developing countries reported the emergence of many resistant microbes even before the
pandemic. Infectious diseases, social and cultural pressures, and telemedicine facilities can all contribute
to the overuse of antibiotics. The emergence of multidrug resistance is a major concern, especially
in developing countries where health services are already inadequate and diagnostic capacity
and facilities for disease prevention and control are inadequate. This might be the major cause of the
extensive spread of such diseases. Improper waste management and disposal in hospitals and communities
make it easy for clean water to leak from the area, causing many diseases and causing many
antibiotics. The potential for microplastics to be turned into anti-bacterial products is also of particular
concern for low- and middle-income countries. In the present review, we aim to examine the impact
of multidrug resistance in ESKAPE infections coupled with healthcare-associated infections and
determine their risk of secondary infection in COVID-19 patients in low- and middle-income countries
during the COVID-19 epidemic from a multidisciplinary perspective, identify the challenge for
developing countries and seek solutions to solve this problem.
Assimilation culturelle et empouvoirement dans les Écritures (post)migrantes mise en abyme littéraire
Authors: Almeida José Domingues de
Published: February 2024

We will propose an anthology overview of several (post)migrant novels to highlight the recurrence of the topos of literary culture as a spring of assimilation to the host country and desire for empowerment, especially for the status of women. It will turn out that the dynamic of assimilation often remains the unthought of literary criticism, more tempted by the dominant doxa of the insurmountable cultural and differential hiatus, or of the ideological and exotic othering potential.
Du trop-plein identitaire au pas assez: analyse du Sang des bêtes (2022) de Th. Gunzig et du Corps tropical (2021) de Ph. Marczewski
Authors: Roeyen Tina Mouneimné Van
Published: February 2024

: In this analysis of two contemporary Belgian French-speaking novels written by authors belonging to the third generation of immigrants from Eastern Europe, namely Le Sang des bêtes by Thomas Gunzig and Un corps tropical by Philippe Marczewski, we will seek the similarities and dissimilarities of identity strategies by heroes living on the margins of society who find themselves at a moment in their existence where the questions are more numerous than the answers. What are their certainties, their positions (shock, opposition, tranquillity, reconciliation, rebellion, etc.)? How do they manage their identity and belonging(s)? Obviously, they are looking for their own place – will they find it? Will they succeed in seeing the world differently? Finally, are they (protagonists and authors) more representative or representational?
O milagre do mundo a cada instante: Herberto Helder e a doutrina nietzschiana do eterno retorno do mesmo
Authors: Velasco Fernando
Published: February 2024

: In a first axis, this essay criticizes the historically prevalent discourses in the West about the salvation of the world, showing that, from Platonic metaphysics and Christian theology to the most varied modern salvific projects, they are nothing more than expressions of Western nihilism, in the sense of Friedrich Nietzsche. In a second, more constructive axis, the physical and ethical doctrine of the eternal return of the same, theoretically outlined by the philosopher and artistically realized by Herberto Helder, is mobilized as an alternative to nihilistic conceptions of time: a powerful poetic-philosophical invention, from which it becomes possible to fully affirm life.