bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Outcomes of Endoscopic Intervention in the Treatment of Symptomatic Pancreas Divisum
Authors: Zhang Guanjun , Chen Shengxin , Zhang Daya , Wu Lang , Li Mingyang
Published: April 2022

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the treatment of patients with symptomatic pancreas divisum (PD) and to discuss the possible risk factors of endoscopic reintervention for symptomatic PD. A total of 50 patients with symptomatic PD who underwent ERCP from January 2010 to December 2019 were finally brought into study. All patients were divided into the nonage and the adult group according to their ages. Meanwhile, all patients were also divided into the intervention and the reintervention group according to times of ERCP. The long-term outcome of each patient was collected during the follow-up by phone call. The total success rate of ERCP was 94.7% (89/93), and the effective rate of first ERCP was 58% (29/50). There were no statistical differences on the outcomes of ERCP treatment between the adult and nonage group. There were 17 patients with complete pancreas divisum and 19 patients with chronic pancreatitis in the reintervention group, which were more than 6 patients and 8 patients in the intervention group (

P
<
0.05

). In bivariate regression analysis, chronic pancreatitis and complete pancreas divisum might be significant risk factors for endoscopic reintervention for patients with symptomatic PD (OR, 8.010, 95% CI, 1.483–43.276,

P
=
0.016

; OR, 8.869, 95% CI, 1.450–54.254,

P
=
0.018

, respectively). ERCP in treating adult and nonage patients with symptomatic PD are effective and safe. But, many patients may need endoscopic reintervention. Complete pancreas divisum and chronic pancreatitis may be risk factors of ERCP reintervention for patients with symptomatic PD.
Dissection of Immune Profiles in Microsatellite Stable and Low Microsatellite Instability Colon Adenocarcinoma by Multiomics Data Analysis
Authors: Yang Tao , Lei Jiali , Feng Qiushi , Song Dandan , Wang Xiaosheng
Published: April 2022

Background. Although microsatellite instability (MSI) is an indicator for active immunotherapy response, only 15% of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) patients are with MSI. An investigation into the immune profiles in low MSI (MSI-L) and microsatellite stable (MSS) COAD remains lacking, whereas such exploration may provide new insights into COAD immunity. Methods. We hierarchically clustered MSI-L/MSS COAD based on the enrichment levels of 28 immune signatures to identify its immune-specific subtypes. We also comprehensively compared molecular and clinicopathologic profiles among these subtypes. Results. We identified three immune subtypes of MSI-L/MSS COAD (IM-H, IM-M, and IM-L), which had high, medium, and low immune signature scores, respectively. We demonstrated that this subtyping method was reproducible and predictable by analyzing five different datasets, including four bulk tumor datasets and one single-cell dataset. IM-H was characterized by high immunity, high stemness, strong potential of proliferation, invasion and metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, elevated expression of oncogenic pathways, low tumor purity, low intratumor heterogeneity (ITH), genomic instability, inferior response to chemotherapy, and unfavorable prognosis. IM-M was characterized by the highest ratio of immunostimulatory to immunosuppressive signatures, the best response to chemotherapy, and favorable prognosis. IM-L was characterized by low immunity, high tumor purity, high ITH, and genomic stability. Conclusion. The immune-specific subtyping of MSI-L/MSS COAD may provide new insights into the tumor immunity as well as clinical implications for immunotherapy of the COAD patients who lack MSI.
Effect of Pulse Indicator Continuous Cardiac Output Monitoring on Septic Shock Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Bin , Cai Lijuan , Lin Bin , He Qiongxiao , Ding Xuejun
Published: April 2022

Background. Septic shock (SS) is the most common severe syndrome in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Enhancing the monitoring of hemodynamic indexes in SS patients carries huge clinical implications for reducing patient mortality. Recently, pulse indicator continuous cardiac output (PICCO) has been widely used in clinical practice, but its advantages than central venous pressure (CVP) in guiding the treatment of SS patients remains to be refined. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing the clinical effects of PICCO in the treatment of patients with SS. Methods. The authors systematically searched several databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge) between January 2001 and February 2021. When searching for relevant articles, the authors combined the following phrases describing the monitoring group (“pulse indicator continuous cardiac output,” “central venous pressure”) with the disease of interest as well as management (“SS,” “sepsis”). The outcomes were independently assessed by two reviewers who scored the articles for methodological quality using the Cochrane Collaboration’s “risk of bias” tool. Forest plots, as well as sensitivity and bias analyses, were carried out for the included articles. The primary outcome measures were length of ICU stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, 28-day mortality, and fluid resuscitation volume. Results. Ten studies comprising 350 cases monitored with PICCO and 373 cases monitored with traditional CVP were eventually identified. PICCO-monitored patients were observed to be significantly associated with shorter ICU stay than CVP-monitored patients (MD: −3.04, 95% CI: −4.74 to −1.34,P=0.0005), shorter time of mechanical ventilation (MD: −1.84, 95% CI: −2.80 to −0.87,P=0.0002), and lower 28-day mortality (RR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.48 to 0.94,P=0.02). The two groups showed no significant difference in subgroup analysis for fluid resuscitation volumes (P>0.05). Conclusion. PICCO monitoring technique can significantly improve the prognosis of SS patients, shorten the time of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay, and reduce the 28-day mortality, which has positive guiding significance for patients with SS. Given the limitations of the quantity and quality of included studies, further research is warranted to verify the conclusions.
A Pulmonary Zebra: Adult Primary Pulmonary Synovial Sarcoma
Authors: Sandra Sheffield , Chidi Nwachukwu , Tracy Ashby
Published: April 2022

Primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma (PPSS) is an extremely rare tumor, with approximately 50 cases being reported in the English literature (Golota et al., 2018). Difficulties are often encountered in the diagnosis of PPSS as it can be confused with other spindle or round cell tumors, such as fibrosarcoma, hemangiopericytoma, mesothelioma, sarcomatoid carcinoma, or metastatic sarcomas. PPSS was first described by Zeren et al. in 1995. We present a case of PPSS in a 41-year-old woman, who complained of progressive dyspnea and left-sided chest pain.
Deep Learning-Based Medical Information System in First Aid of Surgical Trauma
Authors: Liang Yong , Liu Yugeng , Liu Bo , Xu Aimin , Wang Junyu
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was to explore the application of process reengineering integration in trauma first aid based on deep learning and medical information system. According to the principles and methods of process reengineering, based on the analysis of the problems and causes of the original trauma first aid process, a new set of trauma first aid integration process is established. The Deep Belief Network (DBN) in deep learning is used to optimize the travel path of emergency vehicles, and the accuracy of travel path prediction of emergency vehicles under different environmental conditions is analyzed. DBN is applied to the surgical clinic of the hospital to verify the applicability of this method. The results showed that in the analysis of sample abscission, the abscission rates of the two groups were 2.23% and 0.78%, respectively. In the analysis of the trauma severity (TI) score between the two groups, more than 60% of the patients were slightly injured, and there was no significant difference (

P
>
0.05

). In the comparative analysis of treatment effect and family satisfaction between the two groups, the proportion of rehabilitation patients in the experimental group (55.91%) was significantly better than that in the control group, and the satisfaction of the experimental group (

7.93
±
0.59

) was significantly higher than that of the control group (

5.87
±
0.43

) (

P
<
0.05

). Therefore, integrating Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) measurement and process reengineering under the medical information system provides feasible suggestions and scientific methods for the standardized trauma first aid.
Web-Based Ideological and Political Education System Design and Application
Authors: Huang He
Published: April 2022

Ideological and political education in colleges and universities is an important way to enhance students’ ideological and political quality and promote their all-around education. It plays an important and positive role in personnel training. To improve the effectiveness of online ideological and political education, this study builds a web-based ideological and political education system and adopts a three-layer system architecture including a data layer, an interface layer, and an application layer. In addition, the system is designed with multiple modules to guarantee the active operation of the complete system and combines algorithms to implement system resource recommendation and practical student-teaching functions. Finally, a control experiment is designed to examine the performance of the proposed web-based ideological and political education system. Results show that the system constructed in this study has certain practical effects. The proposed system can be used to strengthen the work of ideological and political education, truly achieve the correct guidance of ideological, political, and moral aspects, and improve the teaching quality of ideological and political education as much as possible.
Financial Distress Prediction of Chinese Listed Companies Using the Combination of Optimization Model and Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Zhu Lin , Yan Dawen , Zhang Zhihua , Chi Guotai
Published: April 2022

In order to predict financial distress in 3424 Chinese listed companies, we incorporate a novel time windows optimization model into a convolutional neural network and use 576 financial/nonfinancial/macroindicators as the model input data. Our prediction accuracy can reach 94.5%, at least 2% higher than known classifiers (e.g., support vector machine, decision tree, logistic regression, neural network). In terms of AUC and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistic, our model also outperformed these classifiers. The introduction of the optimization model in our model can combine indicator information in different time windows, leading to the best prediction performance.
Long Noncoding RNA IGFBP7-AS1 Promotes Odontogenesis of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth via the p38 MAPK Pathway
Authors: Wang Dan , Zhu Ningxin , Xie Fei , Qin Man , Wang Yuanyuan
Published: April 2022

Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are attractive seed cells for dental tissue engineering. Epigenetics refers to heritable changes in gene expression patterns that do not alter DNA sequences. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are one of the main methods of epigenetic regulation and participate in cell differentiation; however, little is known regarding the role of lncRNAs during SHED odontogenic differentiation. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to obtain the expression profile of lncRNAs and mRNAs during the odontogenic differentiation of SHED. The effect of IGFBP7-AS1 on odontogenic differentiation of SHED was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red S (ARS) staining, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blot, and in vivo. The level of p38 and p-p38 protein expression was examined by Western blot, and the result was verified by adding the p38 inhibitor, SB203580. The expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs were identified by RNA-seq analysis, which help us to further understand the mechanism in odontogenesis epigenetically. IGFBP7-AS1 expression was increased during odontogenic differentiation on days 7 and 14. The ALP staining, ARS staining, and expression of odontogenic markers were upregulated by overexpressing IGFBP7-AS1 in vitro, whereas the expression of osteogenesis markers was not significantly changed on mRNA level. The effect of IGFBP7-AS1 was also verified in vivo. IGFBP7-AS1 could further positively regulate odontogenic differentiation through the p38 MAPK pathway. This may provide novel targets for dental tissue engineering.
Super‐Twisting Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode‐Based Robust Impedance Control of Robots
Authors: Wang Yixuan , Sun Tairen , Yang Jiantao
Published: April 2022

This paper proposes a super‐twisting terminal sliding mode‐based robust impedance controller to improve the compliance and robustness in robot‐environment interaction. Based on the desired impedance dynamics, an impedance reference trajectory is constructed. Then, based on a super‐twisting terminal sliding‐mode, the robust impedance controller is designed to guarantee the achievement of the desired impedance dynamics in finite‐time through the finite‐time convergence of an impedance error. The main contribution of this paper is that the proposed control improves impedance control robustness by using the super‐twisting nonsingular terminal sliding‐mode without causing the chattering problem. The finite‐time stability of the closed‐loop control system is validated by theoretical analysis based on the Lyapunov theory, and the control effectiveness is illustrated by simulations on a two‐link robot manipulator.
Anti-RANKL Inhibits Thymic Function and Causes DRONJ in Mice
Authors: Nakamura Yusuke , Kikuiri Takashi , Sugiyama Takahiro , Maeda Ayako , Izumiyama Daisuke , Yahata Daigo , Yoshimura Yoshitaka , Shirakawa Tetsuo , Kitagawa Yoshimasa
Published: April 2022

Background. Denosumab, a human monoclonal antibody against receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), is a novel bone antiresorptive agent used in patients with osteoporosis or metastatic bone cancer. Denosumab-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (DRONJ) has been recently reported in patients using denosumab. However, the mechanisms of DRONJ are not fully understood. Appropriate pathogenic mechanisms of DRONJ have yet to be established. Therefore, we investigated the pathogenesis of DRONJ in mice. Methods. Anti-mouse RANKL monoclonal antibody and melphalan were performed to create a mouse model of DRONJ-like lesions in female C57BL/6J mice. We examined the development of DRONJ-like lesions and immune function. Results. We showed that administration of anti-mouse RANKL monoclonal antibody and melphalan caused DRONJ-like lesions that recapitulated major clinical manifestations of the human disease, including the characteristic features of an open alveolar socket and exposed necrotic bone. In the analysis using a mouse model of DRONJ-like lesion, it was revealed that anti-mouse RANKL monoclonal antibody and melphalan suppress autoimmune regulator (AIRE) expression in the thymus and imbalanced T cell populations. Conclusion. This study suggests evidence of an immunity-based mechanism of DRONJ-like disease. This work may contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of human DRONJ.
Random Graph-Based M-QAM Classification for MIMO Systems
Authors: Sarfraz Mubashar , Alam Sheraz , Ghauri Sajjad A. , Mahmood Asad , Akram M. Nadeem , Rehman M. Javvad Ur , Sohail M. Farhan , Kebedew Teweldebrhan Mezgebo
Published: April 2022

Automatic modulation classification (AMC) has been identified to perform a key role to realize technologies such as cognitive radio, dynamic spectrum management, and interference identification that are arguably pivotal to practical SG communication networks. Random graphs (RGs) have been used to better understand graph behavior and to tackle combinatorial challenges in general. In this research article, a novel modulation classifier is presented to recognize M-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) signals using random graph theory. The proposed method demonstrates improved recognition rates for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and single-input single-output (SISO) systems. The proposed method has the advantage of not requiring channel/signal to noise ratio estimate or timing/frequency offset correction. Undirected RGs are constructed based on features, which are extracted by taking sparse Fourier transform (SFT) of the received signal. This method is based on the graph representation of the SFT of the 2nd, 4th, and 8th power of the received signal. The simulation results are also compared to existing state-of-the-art methodologies, revealing that the suggested methodology is superior.
Network Pharmacology-Based Prediction and Verification of the Potential Targets of Pinoresinol Diglucoside for OA Treatment
Authors: Lou Hongkan , Zhang Yang , Fang Jianli , Jin Yong
Published: April 2022

Objective. This study aimed to explore the effects and related mechanisms of pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) on osteoarthritis (OA) via a combination of pharmacology and animal experiments. Methods. Traditional Chinese Medicine Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) Drugbank, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, and GeneCards databases were used to predict the putative targets of PGD against OA. A protein protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed in STING database to analyze the interaction network of these targets. Enrichment analysis was performed with DAVID database. The OA model was built by anterior cruciate ligament transection and then injected with PDG for 5 weeks. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and safranin-fixed green staining were used to evaluate the pathological change. ELISA was applied to measure the serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the protein levels of kinase B (AKT), BAX, Bcl2, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1), and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) in knee cartilage tissues. Results. Seventy-one key targets were identified, including AKT1, epidermal growth factor receptor, SRC, estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), and MMP9. Enrichment analysis revealed a series of pathway related to cancer, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and proteoglycans in cancer. Animal experiments showed that PDG alleviated the abnormal histomorphological changes of OA; suppressed TIPM, serum IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, and PI3K and AKT activation; and increased MMP-1 expression and Bcl2/Bax ratio. Conclusion. PDG has a cartilage-protecting effect associated with PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in rabbit with OA and therefore might serve as a potential agent for the treatment of this disease.
Structural Damage Identification Method of Girder Bridges Based on Multilevel Data Fusion Theory
Authors: Xiang Chang-Sheng , Liu Hai-Long , Zhou Yu , Liu Chen-Yu , Wang Li-Xian
Published: April 2022

The single index based on modal strain energy and modal curvature is proved to be effective for damage localization, while its recognition accuracy is not satisfied and can not directly reflect damage degree. Therefore, multilevel data fusion methods are proposed here with three new indexes of modal strain energy dissipation rate (DR), change rate of cross-model modal strain energy (CR), and difference of modal curvature ratio (RD). Firstly, first-level, second-level, and third-level data fusion methods are deduced based on Bayes theory, weighted average criterion, and BP neural network, respectively. The first three order modes data of each index are fused in the first level, and their results are further fused between indexes in the second level, which will be applied for damage position judgement; moreover, results of the second level as input are last fused in the third level in order to predict structural damage degree. Secondly, a simply supported beam and a three-span continuous girder models are simulated to verify effectiveness of multilevel data fusion indexes. It can be concluded that the recognition results agree well with man-made damage cases whatever the positions or degrees are. Finally, a test study on a simply supported steel beam with different damage forms is carried out. The results show that the proposed multilevel data fusion methods have good abilities of sensitivity and anti-interference, are fault-tolerant, have robustness, and would provide certain effective experience for actual damage identification.
Endovascular Thrombectomy in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke With Simultaneous Multivessel Occlusions
Authors: Chung Chi‐Ting , Chen Chih‐Hao , Chu Hai‐Jui , Chang Yu‐Ming , Sung Pi‐Shan , Lin Yen‐Heng , Lee Chung‐Wei , Tsai Li‐Kai , Tang Sung‐Chun , Jeng Jiann‐Shing
Published: April 2022

Background

Simultaneous multivessel occlusions (MVOs) are a rare condition, which may be encountered during endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, associated factors, and outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke and MVO who underwent EVT.

Methods

Consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke who received EVT between September 2014 and April 2021 were included. Acute MVO was defined as simultaneous occlusions of ≥2 intracranial or extracranial major vessels in either bilateral anterior circulation or anterior plus posterior circulation. Patients’ baseline characteristics and outcome of MVO were analyzed.

Results

Of 602 patients with acute ischemic stroke (mean age, 71±13 years; male, 53.1%) who received EVT, 11 patients (1.8%) had acute MVO. The involved vessels included bilateral internal carotid arteries in 3, bilateral middle cerebral arteries in 4, vertebral artery and distal middle cerebral artery in 1, and internal carotid artery and distal posterior cerebral artery in 3 patients. Preadmission dependence (modified Rankin scale score >2), higher initial stroke severity, and posterior cerebral artery occlusion were more frequently found in MVO. The cause of MVO included large vessel atherosclerosis in 4, cardioembolic in 4, cancer‐related hypercoagulability in 2, and postpartum in 1 patient. Several patients had received simultaneous multitargeted EVT, but only 4 of them achieved optimal reperfusion in both vessels. Compared with patients without MVO, those with MVO had higher mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 6.75; 95% CI, 1.93–23.6) and poor functional outcome (common odds ratio for 1‐point improvement at modified Rankin scale, 0.14, 95% CI, 0.05–0.45) at 90 days.

Conclusion

Acute simultaneous MVO in patients who underwent EVT is a rare yet devastating condition. Multitarget mechanical thrombectomy to achieve reperfusion is challenging but still possible.
Crew Autonomy During Simulated Medical Event Management on Long Duration Space Exploration Missions
Authors: Yule Steven , Robertson Jamie M. , Mormann Benjamin , Smink Douglas S. , Lipsitz Stuart , Abahuje Egide , Kennedy-Metz Lauren , Park Sandra , Miccile Christian , Pozner Charles N. , Doyle Thomas , Musson David , Dias Roger D.
Published: April 2022

Objective

Our primary aim was to investigate crew performance during medical emergencies with and without ground-support from a flight surgeon located at mission control.

Background

There are gaps in knowledge regarding the potential for unanticipated in-flight medical events to affect crew health and capacity, and potentially compromise mission success. Additionally, ground support may be impaired or periodically absent during long duration missions.

Method

We reviewed video recordings of 16 three-person flight crews each managing four unique medical events in a fully immersive spacecraft simulator. Crews were randomized to two conditions: with and without telemedical flight surgeon (FS) support. We assessed differences in technical performance, behavioral skills, and cognitive load between groups.

Results

Crews with FS support performed better clinically, were rated higher on technical skills, and completed more clinical tasks from the medical checklists than crews without FS support. Crews with FS support also had better behavioral/non-technical skills (information exchange) and reported significantly lower cognitive demand during the medical event scenarios on the NASA-TLX scale, particularly in mental demand and temporal demand. There was no significant difference between groups in time to treat or in objective measures of cognitive demand derived from heart rate variability and electroencephalography.

Conclusion

Medical checklists are necessary but not sufficient to support high levels of autonomous crew performance in the absence of real-time flight surgeon support

Application

Potential applications of this research include developing ground-based and in-flight training countermeasures; informing policy regarding autonomous spaceflight, and design of autonomous clinical decision support systems.
Periodontal Stem Cells Synthesize Maresin Conjugate in Tissue Regeneration 3
Authors: Rakian A. , Rakian R. , Shay A.E. , Serhan C.N. , Van Dyke T.E.
Published: April 2022

Periodontal disease is a significant public health problem worldwide. Excess unresolved chronic inflammation destroys the periodontal tissues that surround and support the teeth, and efforts to control inflammation by removal of bacterial deposits on the teeth have limited long-term impact. Likewise, procedures aimed at regeneration of the periodontal tissues have shown limited success. Recent advances in stem cell research have shown promising novel prospects for the use of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in tissue regeneration; however, control of inflammation remains a barrier. Human PDLSCs have been shown to release specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) that modulate the immune response and promote resolution of inflammation, tissue repair, and regeneration. Studies on stem cell biology in periodontology have also been limited by the lack of a good large animal model. Herein, we describe PDLSC biology of the Yorkshire pig (pPDLSCs). pPDLSCs were isolated and characterized. Using lipid mediator profiling, we demonstrate for the first time that pPDLSCs biosynthesize cysteinyl-containing SPMs (cys-SPMs), specifically, maresin conjugates in tissue regeneration 3 (MCTR3) and its authentication using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The exogenous addition of the n-3 precursor docosahexaenoic acid enhances MCTR3 biosynthesis. Using immunocytochemistry, we show that pPDLSCs express 4 of the SPM biosynthetic pathway enzymes necessary for SPM biosynthesis, including 5-lipoxygenase, 12-lipoxygenase, and 15-lipoxygenase-1. In addition, we identified and quantified the cytokine/chemokine profile of pPDLSCs using a 13-plex immunology multiplex assay and found that the pretreatment of pPDLSCs with MCTR3 in an inflammatory environment reduced the production of acute and chronic proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines. Together, these results suggest that enhancing resolution of inflammation pathways and mediators may be a possible key early event in predictable periodontal regeneration.
Addiction and Recovery in Dutch Governmental and Practice-Level Drug Policy: What’s the Problem Represented to be?
Authors: Martinelli Thomas F. , Vander Laenen Freya , Nagelhout Gera E. , van de Mheen Dike H.
Published: April 2022

Around 2009, ‘recovery’ was introduced in the Netherlands as a new approach to drug addiction and addiction services. Recovery is now featured in practice-level policy but is absent in governmental drug policy. To investigate whether the Dutch recovery vision is coherent with governmental drug policy, we apply Bacchi’s What’s the problem represented to be? approach to analyse problematizations of ‘drug addiction’. We analysed two influential practice-level policy documents and one governmental drug policy document. We found that governmental policy addresses the harms and public nuisance of drug addiction, whilst practice-level policy addresses the wellbeing of persons with addiction. Despite these different starting points, the Dutch recovery vision seems coherent with both problematizations. Its adoption in the Netherlands was less subject to political debate compared to other countries. This may be a result of recovery being driven by bottom-up efforts without government intervention, leading to constructive ambiguity between government- and practice-level policies.
A Distant Ally?: Mortality Salience and Parasocial Attachment
Authors: Keefer Lucas A. , Brown Faith L. , Rothschild Zachary K. , Allen Kaitlyn
Published: April 2022

Research in Terror Management Theory finds that close interpersonal relationships (e.g., parents, romantic partners) mitigate threat reactions to reminders of mortality. Parasocial relationships (imagined relationships with media personalities) afford many of the same benefits as interpersonal relationships. Do these benefits extend to mortality concerns? We investigated whether those with strong parasocial attachments were differentially influenced by reminders of death. Results showed that those with strong parasocial relationships had more defensive reactions to a mortality prime, suggesting that such attachments may not afford the same existential benefits given by close human others and may instead indicate a heightened vulnerability.
An Asymmetric Effect: Physical and Simulated Confederate’s Mere Presence Induce a Preference for Deontological Over Utilitarian Judgment
Authors: Xu Wenming , Yu Xinyue , Guo Jiayi , Wang Ruiming
Published: April 2022

People may behave differently in a shared physical context due to the mere presence of others. The study examined whether individual moral judgments were subject to the confederate’s presence. Experiment 1 supported the hypothesis that the confederate’s presence, relative to the control group, increased deontological judgment, disapproving of sacrificing a person’s lifetime or interest for preserving the greater good of others. Experiment 2 investigated whether the results extend to mental space. The result revealed that simulating a positive interaction with the confederate significantly increased the preference for deontological judgments relative to the control group. However, the effect disappeared if the participants were required to simulate only the person from the scenario that did not include any additional background contexts. These results demonstrated that the confederate’s physical presence and simulated confederate’s presence always preferred deontological judgments over utilitarian judgments. The findings suggested that the asymmetric moral effect occurred in the physical realm and mental space.
The Development and Initial Validation of the Youth Sexual Intention Scale: Indonesian Version
Authors: Lubis Rahmi , Hinduan Zahrotur R. , Jatnika Ratna , Baydhowi Baydhowi , Agustiani Hendriati
Published: April 2022

Interventions for the early sexual problem in adolescents require proper measurement of sexual intentions. The adolescent sexual intention scales have been widely used by researchers in the West. However, those scales are not very suitable for adolescents in eastern cultures such as Indonesia. As a religious society, Indonesian people have different sexual expectations from liberal western society. Religious teachings and societal norms shape sexual beliefs that reflect semi-restrictive sexual socialization. Thus, sexual intention measurement that represents the sexual beliefs of the subject under study becomes important. Therefore, this two-steps study aims to develop and validate the Youth Sexual Intention Scale (YSIS). In the first step, qualitative elaboration resulted in 27 themes of adolescent sexual beliefs, which turned into 31 items according to the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). In the second step, we selected 396 students using the cluster random sampling technique. We investigated 2 methods of validity, content validity using CVI and construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The content validity examination proved that all scale items had high validity (CVI = .93). Meanwhile, the CFA showed that the data was fit for the model (Chi-square 819,420, P <.001, RMSEA = .056, CFI = .978, TLI = .972). The CFA groups items into 4 dimensions, namely, sexual attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and sexual intentions. The reliability test shows an Alpha coefficient of .854. We conclude that 26-items YSIS is a valid and reliable instrument to measure belief-based youth sexual intentions (15–18 years) in religious culture.
Primary Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of Nasal Cavity and Sinuses in a Child: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Han Yang , Yang Xiaojian , Tang Lixing , Wang Pengpeng , Zhang Jie , Ge Wentong , Ni Xin
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are a rare benign bone lesion, which are divided into primary and secondary categories, and occur mainly in the vertebra and the long tubular bones. Primary ABCs in the nasal cavity and the sinuses are rare.

Case presentation

We reported on a one-year-old boy who suffered from progressive nasal obstruction and intermittent nosebleeds over a period of approximately 1 month. The patient had no history of trauma or surgery. Physical examination showed a red tumor in his right nasal cavity. A magnetic resonance imaging scan showed a multicystic lesion arising from the ethmoid sinus. The lesion was resected under a nasal endoscope without any complications. Histological evaluation confirmed that the lesion was an aneurysmal bone cyst. Because an osteoma was found during the surgery on the cyst, the lesion was considered secondary clinically. However, fluorescence in situ hybridization testing showed a rearrangement of the USP6 (ubiquitin-specific protease 6) oncogene on chromosome 17. No recurrence was observed after 1 year.

Conclusion

An ABC of the nasal cavity and sinuses in such a young child is very rare and needs to be further analyzed according to postoperative pathology and combined with a genetic examination to make a diagnosis. Endoscopic sinus surgery is an effective method of treatment for this kind of disease.
Embedded authoritarianism: the politics of poor press freedom in Indian Kashmir
Authors: Majeed Tawseef
Published: April 2022

The current article explores journalism practice amid waning press freedom in Indian Kashmir. Contextualising the recent renovation and introduction of authoritative new media policy 2020, the article maps the constant struggles of the journalists in the region. I consulted five working journalists to have a broader understanding of press freedom in Indian Kashmir, one of the world’s most dangerous places for journalists. I argue that frequent internet shutdowns, disinformation, declining dissent and direct control on the press contribute to the amassing struggles of Kashmiri journalists. The strategic politics endorse jingoism and punitive populism, which affects the overall image of Kashmiris including the journalists. Constructive journalism practice, however, aids Chomsky’s claim of “openings”, which keep the press viable during the severe authoritarian siege on the press freedom in Kashmir.
Caricaturing the prophet: Pushing the right to free speech too far?
Authors: Bano Masooda
Published: April 2022

Despite growing evidence that production of cartoons and caricatures of Muhammad causes deep hurt to Muslims across the world, European leaders are refusing to restrict their publication in the name of free speech. This article questions this position on three counts: one, the hurt these cartoons cause to the Muslims and the resulting frictions between Europe and leaders of the Muslim countries; two, the harm they cause to European societies by increasing the tension between Muslims and ordinary citizens and the state at a time when Islamophobia and anti-immigrant feelings are already high; and, three, the need to question the intent of those publishing the cartoons given the overwhelming evidence on the first two counts. The article also questions the legitimacy and usefulness of labelling attacks triggered in response to these publications as ‘Islamic terrorism’ when the profiles of those perpetuating these attacks show criminal and deviant behaviour than evidence of religious devotion. The usefulness of using labels that make actions of a few taint whole of Islam, and Muslims as a collective, needs to be debated.
Conflicts over the division of domestic work: A matter of gender-specific expectations and needs
Authors: Trübner Miriam
Published: April 2022

This study investigates the frequency of conflicts over the division of domestic labor among heterosexual couples with dependent children ( N = 1597), considering the actual division of labor, perceived fairness about the division of labor, spouses’ levels of general appreciation for one another, varying preferences for housework and housekeeping standards, and role expectations. By applying actor–partner interdependence models (APIMs) to data from the representative German Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics (pairfam) (wave 11), we analyze actor and cross-partner effects simultaneously, allowing us to consider the concept of dyadic interdependency derived from social exchange and gender theories. Results indicate that it is not the division of labor that is decisive for conflicts in relationships, but what is perceived to be fair. While men require approval from their spouses when they deviate from normative gender standards, women need housework to not be merely thought of as their natural responsibility. The results are used to suggest how conflicts over domestic labor can be avoided among parents during the intense life phase of childcare.
Inducing structure in reward learning by learning features
Authors: Bobu Andreea , Wiggert Marius , Tomlin Claire , Dragan Anca D
Published: April 2022

Reward learning enables robots to learn adaptable behaviors from human input. Traditional methods model the reward as a linear function of hand-crafted features, but that requires specifying all the relevant features a priori, which is impossible for real-world tasks. To get around this issue, recent deep Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) methods learn rewards directly from the raw state but this is challenging because the robot has to implicitly learn the features that are important and how to combine them, simultaneously. Instead, we propose a divide-and-conquer approach: focus human input specifically on learning the features separately, and only then learn how to combine them into a reward. We introduce a novel type of human input for teaching features and an algorithm that utilizes it to learn complex features from the raw state space. The robot can then learn how to combine them into a reward using demonstrations, corrections, or other reward learning frameworks. We demonstrate our method in settings where all features have to be learned from scratch, as well as where some of the features are known. By first focusing human input specifically on the feature(s), our method decreases sample complexity and improves generalization of the learned reward over a deep IRL baseline. We show this in experiments with a physical 7-DoF robot manipulator, and in a user study conducted in a simulated environment.
Whose self-control development suffers or benefits in the face of adversity? A longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth followed from age 10 to 16
Authors: Serrano Surizaday , Atherton Olivia E , Robins Richard W , Damian Rodica Ioana
Published: April 2022

This study assessed the co-development of adversity and effortful control based on a sample of Mexican-origin youth ( N = 674) and their parents. We used a four-wave longitudinal design and followed target participants from age 10 to 16. At each time point, we measured adversity experienced by the children and their parents and children’s effortful control (self- and parent-reported). We also assessed children’s shift-and-persist coping strategies at ages 14 and 16. Across time, we found slight decreases in child-adversity and slight increases in parent-adversity. Based on bivariate LGC analyses, we found that the strongest effects surfaced for child- (vs. parent-) adversity. Specifically, we found that greater increases in child-adversity were associated with greater decreases in effortful control from ages 10 to 16. Moreover, we found a positive association between initial levels of child-adversity and the slope of effortful control, as well as a cross-sectional negative association between child- and parent-adversity and effortful control (at age 10). We found no evidence of moderation by shift-and-persist coping strategies. In sum, our results suggest that, on average, Mexican-origin youth exposed to more adversity might experience more maladaptive change with respect to effortful control.
Evaluating Impact of Implementing Order Questions on Appropriate Prescribing of Tolvaptan
Authors: VanDyke Ashton D. , Wolters Nicholas
Published: April 2022

Background

Tolvaptan poses a significant risk to patient safety due to its risk of overcorrection of hyponatremia, and its cost-effectiveness is not well established. Kettering Health implemented order questions into Epic in 2019 to drive appropriate use of tolvaptan. Objective: The primary objective was to determine the impact of implementing order questions on appropriate use of tolvaptan. The secondary objectives were to determine if providers are adhering to the order questions meant to ensure appropriate use, to identify if there is provider variance across the network constituting a higher proportion of use outside of network recommendations, and to look at patients with multiple orders for tolvaptan and discern if dose titration was appropriate based on sodium levels. Methods: This study was a retrospective chart review of all patients who received a dose of tolvaptan from 7/3/2019 to 10/15/2020. Results: From July 2019 to October 2020, 211 patients received tolvaptan for hyponatremia, resulting in 598 administrations. Use of urea powder or fluid restriction preceded 248/586 (42.3%) tolvaptan administrations and the patient’s sodium level was < 125 mEq/L or 125–135 mEq/L with documentation of symptoms for 261/586 (44.5%) of the administrations. Medication safety concerns related to monitoring sodium levels were also identified. Conclusions: While tolvaptan use did significantly decrease in Kettering Health since the implementation of order questions, the answers to the questions displayed substantial variability. Further opportunity exists for directing appropriate use of tolvaptan within Kettering Health and additional emphasis should be placed on safe use of this medication.
Disparities in Mental Health and Well-Being between Heterosexual and Sexual Minority Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chen Jen-Hao
Published: April 2022

Objectives: This study examines disparities in older adults’ mental health and well-being during the pandemic by sexual minority status. Methods: This study analyzed data on older adults from the Health and Retirement Study’s COVID-19 Module (N = 3142 for heterosexuals and N = 75 for sexual minorities). Weighted regressions linked concern about COVID-19, depression, pandemic emotional stress, and changes in loneliness, in-person contacts, income, and work to sexual minority status, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Compared to heterosexuals, sexual minority older adults had more concern about the pandemic and emotional stress and showed a decrease in in-person contact during the pandemic—these differences were not explained by sociodemographic characteristics. Sexual minority older adults were also more likely to have changes in income and work during the pandemic, but these differences were explained by sociodemographic characteristics. Discussion: Sexual minority older adults have experienced worse mental health outcomes than heterosexuals during the COVID-19 pandemic, which merits intervention.
Numerical simulation and prototype experiment of integrated electrohydraulic pump
Authors: Fei Sun , Hong Ji , Yanbo Peng , Chen Li
Published: April 2022

Integrated electrohydraulic pump (IEHP) is conceived as an innovative design concept to achieve the higher power density, lower noise level, and leakage-free with respect to the traditional hydraulic power units. Nevertheless, the complex cooling circuit may increase the flow resistance, reducing the effective delivery flow rate of IEHP, which will be more serious at high rotational speed. In this context, a novel centrifugal charging pump (CCP) integrated on the hollow drive shaft is arranged on the suction path of positive-displacement vane pump (main pump) to boost its inlet pressure, thus efficiently improving the suction capability of IEHP. The contribution of this study is to develop a full flow field CFD model of IEHP, in which the fluid domain of main pump and CCP are connected in series. Based on the CFD model validated subsequently by prototype experiment in terms of volumetric efficiency, the charging effect of CCP modeled with different geometric parameters, at 1,500 r/min, has been investigated. Finally, combined with experiment and simulation, the delivery flow rate of IEHP, in the speed range 600–6,000 r/min, are also analyzed by means of comparing with a standard vane pump. The results show that the CCP makes an outstanding contribution to the filling of main pump, especially when the rotational speed exceeds 3,000 r/min; Since then, the flow rate saturation of standard vane pump tends to occur due to serious incomplete filling, while the IEHP still maintains valid output. It can be concluded that, with the help of charging effect of CCP, the IEHP can keep the same volume efficiency as the vane pump under rated speed, and there is a certain potential for the application of IEHP in a wide speed range.
Analysis of additive manufacturing techniques used for maxillofacial corrective surgeries
Authors: Juneja Mamta , Chawla Jannat , Dhingra Gerry , Bansal Ishank , Sharma Sahil , Goyal Parveen , Lehl Gurvanit , Gupta Anand , Jindal Prashant
Published: April 2022

Patients with jaw deformities often lead a poor quality of life due to problems encountered during speech, mastication and aesthetics, which makes maxillofacial reconstructive/corrective surgery necessary. Surgeons find difficulty in visualizing complex facial anatomy; therefore, a method of viewing a physical 3D maxillofacial model is highly beneficial. Accurately reproduced 3D models of a patient’s maxillofacial structure assist in pre-planning of a surgical procedure. AM (Additive Manufacturing) allows effective reproduction of a digital image into a physical model, replicating actual facial anatomy, thereby providing an effective solution. Among the AM techniques, PolyJet, FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling), SLA (Stereolithography) and SLS(Selective-Laser-Sintering) are being used for such applications. Comparison of these techniques is presented to determine the most efficient technique in reproducing such models for dimensional accuracy and cost. 20 models of five patients with deformed maxillofacial structures were designed using CAD (Computer-Aided Design) from STL (Standard Triangulation Language) files obtained from CT (Computerized Tomography) scans, which were manufactured using the aforementioned techniques. These models were then analysed for dimensional accuracies by identifying nine critical landmarks within the maxillofacial structures. Overall weight of the models was also evaluated for a cost-effective manufacturing solution. Dimensional measurement results of the 3D printed models indicated a relative error trend as PolyJet<SLA<SLS<FDM while material cost expenditure involved during 3D printing of these models indicated a trend as FDM<PolyJet<SLA<SLS, thereby recommending PolyJet as the most favoured AM technique for reproducing a maxillofacial structure. As a best practices guideline, incorporating AM for complex bone reconstruction procedures results in improved dimensional accuracies, reduced intraoperative time, reduced patient’s exposure to anaesthesia and ultimately an improved aesthetic outcome to the patient.