bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Investigation into the Trend Stationarity of Local Characteristics in Media and Social Networks
Authors: Sidorov Sergei , Mironov Sergei , Grigoriev Alexey , Tikhonova Sophia
Published: December 2022

We studied the evolution of complex social networks over time. The elements of the networks are users, and the connections correspond to the interactions between them. At a particular moment in time, each node of a complex network has such characteristics as its degree, as well as the total degree of its neighbors. Obviously, in the process of network growth, these characteristics are constantly changing due to the fact that new edges are attached to this node or its neighbors. In this paper, we study the dynamics of these characteristics over time for networks generated on the basis of a nonlinear preferential attachment mechanism, and we find both the asymptotics of their expected values and the characteristics of their spread around the mean. In addition, we analyze the behavior of these local characteristics for three real social networks. The applicability of the findings to actual problems in the study of social media in the digital humanities is discussed.
Improving the In Vitro Removal of Indoxyl Sulfate and p-Cresyl Sulfate by Coating Diatomaceous Earth (DE) and Poly-vinyl-pyrrolidone-co-styrene (PVP-co-S) with Polydopamine
Authors: Cicco Stefania Roberta , Giangregorio Maria Michela , Rocchetti Maria Teresa , di Bari Ighli , Mastropaolo Claudio , Labarile Rossella , Ragni Roberta , Gesualdo Loreto , Farinola Gianluca Maria , Vona Danilo
Published: December 2022

Polydopamine (PDA) is a synthetic eumelanin polymer mimicking the biopolymer secreted by mussels to attach to surfaces with a high binding strength. It exhibits unique adhesive properties and has recently attracted considerable interest as a multifunctional thin film coating. In this study, we demonstrate that a PDA coating on silica- and polymer-based materials improves the entrapment and retention of uremic toxins produced in specific diseases. The low-cost natural nanotextured fossil diatomaceous earth (DE), an abundant source of mesoporous silica, and polyvinylpyrrolidone-co-Styrene (PVP-co-S), a commercial absorbent comprising polymeric particles, were easily coated with a PDA layer by oxidative polymerization of dopamine at mild basic aqueous conditions. An in-depth chemical-physical investigation of both the resulting PDA-coated materials was performed by SEM, AFM, UV-visible, Raman spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry. Finally, the obtained hybrid systems were successfully tested for the removal of two uremic toxins (indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate) directly from patients’ sera.
Body Composition of Healthy Cats and Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease Fed on a Dry Diet Low in Phosphorus with Maintenance Protein
Authors: Machado Daniela P. , Ruberti Bruna , Teixeira Fabio A. , Vendramini Thiago H. A. , Pfrimer Karina , Chacar Fernanda C. , Balieiro Julio C. C. , Pontieri Cristiana F. F. , Brunetto Marcio A.
Published: December 2022

The aim was to evaluate the effect of feeding a low-phosphorus and maintenance protein diet in healthy cats and cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with IRIS stages 1 (CKD-1) and 2 (CKD-2). Cats were initially fed a senior diet (30 days) followed by the renal diet (60 days). Body composition, body weight (BW), muscle mass score (MMS), and body condition score (BCS) were assessed before (T30) and after renal diet intake (T60). General mixed linear models were used to assess the effects of fixed groups and moments (T30 × T60), as well as their interaction, in addition to the random effects of animals within each group. Unlike healthy cats and cats with CKD-1, cats with CKD-2 had a loss of BW, lower BCS (p < 0.005), and lower MMS (p = 0.0008) after 60 days of consuming the renal diet. The fat mass and lean body mass (LBM), determined by the deuterium isotopes method, did not change in all cats between T0 and T60. In healthy cats and cats with CKD-1, the renal diet resulted in maintenance of BW, BCS and MMS; but cats with CKD-2 presented lower BCS and did not reduce phosphatemia after consumption.
Interaction between Movement Proteins of Hibiscus green spot virus
Authors: Atabekova Anastasia K. , Lazareva Ekaterina A. , Lezzhov Alexander A. , Solovieva Anna D. , Golyshev Sergei A. , Skulachev Boris I. , Solovyev Ilya D. , Savitsky Alexander P. , Heinlein Manfred , Morozov Sergey Y. , Solovyev Andrey G.
Published: December 2022

Movement proteins (MPs) of plant viruses enable the translocation of viral genomes from infected to healthy cells through plasmodesmata (PD). The MPs functions involve the increase of the PD permeability and routing of viral genome both to the PD entrance and through the modified PD. Hibiscus green spot virus encodes two MPs, termed BMB1 and BMB2, which act in concert to accomplish virus cell-to-cell transport. BMB1, representing an NTPase/helicase domain-containing RNA-binding protein, localizes to the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm. BMB2 is a small hydrophobic protein that interacts with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes and induces local constrictions of the ER tubules. In plant cells, BMB2 localizes to PD-associated membrane bodies (PAMBs) consisting of modified ER tubules and directs BMB1 to PAMBs. Here, we demonstrate that BMB1 and BMB2 interact in vitro and in vivo, and that their specific interaction is essential for BMB2-directed targeting of BMB1 to PAMBs. Using mutagenesis, we show that the interaction involves the C-terminal BMB1 region and the N-terminal region of BMB2.
Reconstructing the Temporal Origin and the Transmission Dynamics of the HIV Subtype B Epidemic in St. Petersburg, Russia
Authors: Siljic Marina , Cirkovic Valentina , Jovanovic Luka , Antonova Anastasiia , Lebedev Aleksey , Ozhmegova Ekaterina , Kuznetsova Anna , Vinogradova Tatiyana , Ermakov Aleksei , Monakhov Nikita , Bobkova Marina , Stanojevic Maja
Published: December 2022

The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Russia is among the fastest growing in the world. HIV epidemic burden is non-uniform in different Russian regions and diverse key populations. An explosive epidemic has been documented among people who inject drugs (PWID) starting from the mid-1990s, whereas presently, the majority of new infections are linked to sexual transmission. Nationwide, HIV sub-subtype A6 (previously called AFSU) predominates, with the increasing presence of other subtypes, namely subtype B and CRF063_02A. This study explores HIV subtype B sequences from St. Petersburg, collected from 2006 to 2020, in order to phylogenetically investigate and characterize transmission clusters, focusing on their evolutionary dynamics and potential for further growth, along with a socio-demographic analysis of the available metadata. In total, 54% (107/198) of analyzed subtype B sequences were found grouped in 17 clusters, with four transmission clusters with the number of sequences above 10. Using Bayesian MCMC inference, tMRCA of HIV-1 subtype B was estimated to be around 1986 (95% HPD 1984–1991), whereas the estimated temporal origin for the four large clusters was found to be more recent, between 2001 and 2005. The results of our study imply a complex pattern of the epidemic spread of HIV subtype B in St. Petersburg, Russia, still in the exponential growth phase, and in connection to the men who have sex with men (MSM) transmission, providing a useful insight needed for the design of public health priorities and interventions.
Bioinformatics Designing and Molecular Modelling of a Universal mRNA Vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Oladipo Elijah Kolawole , Adeniyi Micheal Oluwafemi , Ogunlowo Mercy Temiloluwa , Irewolede Boluwatife Ayobami , Adekanola Victoria Oluwapelumi , Oluseyi Glory Samuel , Omilola Janet Abisola , Udoh Anietie Femi , Olufemi Seun Elijah , Adediran Daniel Adewole , Olonade Aanuoluwapo , Idowu Usman Abiodun , Kolawole Olatunji M. , Oloke Julius Kola , Onyeaka Helen
Published: December 2022

At this present stage of COVID-19 re-emergence, designing an effective candidate vaccine for different variants of SARS-CoV-2 is a study worthy of consideration. This research used bioinformatics tools to design an mRNA vaccine that captures all the circulating variants and lineages of the virus in its construct. Sequences of these viruses were retrieved across the six continents and analyzed using different tools to screen for the preferable CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTL), CD4+ T lymphocytes (HTL), and B-cell epitopes. These epitopes were used to design the vaccine. In addition, several other co-translational residues were added to the construct of an mRNA vaccine whose molecular weight is 285.29686 kDa with an estimated pI of 9.2 and has no cross affinity with the human genome with an estimated over 68% to cover the world population. It is relatively stable, with minimal deformability in its interaction with the human innate immune receptor, which includes TLR 3 and TLR 9. The overall result has proven that the designed candidate vaccine is capable of modulating cell-mediated immune responses by activating the actions of CD4+ T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages, and displayed an increased memory T cell and B cell activities, which may further be validated via in vivo and in vitro techniques.
River–Lake System Connectivity Effectively Reduced the Salinity of Lake Water in Bosten Lake, Northwest China
Authors: Zhou Honghua , Chen Yaning , Ye Zhaoxia , Li Yupeng , Zhu Chenggang
Published: December 2022

High salinity in water constitutes a serious problem for the aquatic environment management of Bosten Lake. Weak water exchange and water movement are the essential factors for the high total dissolved solids (TDS) content of lake water. To improve the water quality of Bosten Lake, a river–lake system connectivity project (water diversion) was introduced starting at the end of 2018, which diverted fresh water from the Kaidu River and the Huangshuigou River to Bosten Lake. In this study, the effect and its mechanism of water diversion on the TDS content of Bosten Lake were evaluated using continuous-field monitoring data. The results showed that the water diversion effectively reduced the TDS content of the lake water and changed Bosten Lake from a brackish lake back to a freshwater lake. Water diversion also improved the spatial distribution of TDS content. One year, two years, and three years after the implementation of the water diversion project, the TDS content of northern, southern, and eastern lake water significantly decreased by more than 20%, 25%, and 30%, respectively. Our study demonstrated that water diversion significantly increased the annual endogenous TDS pollutant amount discharged from the lake and reduced and homogenized the TDS content of the whole lake. TDS content reduction of the lake was realized by water diversion accelerating water movement and water exchange in the lake, especially for the northern, southern, and eastern waters. Therefore, water diversion could be used as an effective measure for water quality improvement in semi-closed inland lakes in arid areas.
Analysis of the Effect of Soil Remediation Processes Contaminated by Heavy Metals in Different Soils
Authors: Ren Ke , Teng Fangyuan , Liu Shejiang , Liu Xiuli
Published: December 2022

Heavy metal pollution in China’s soil is very serious, and soil remediation is urgent. At present, most of the domestic and foreign research is aimed at one soil type for soil heavy metal pollution remediation. However, the distribution of heavy metals and the effect of remediation with chemical agents are different for different soils. This study is committed to investigating the effect of WTF on the remediation of heavy metal contamination in different soils based on the existing research in the laboratory. The influence of soil quality on remediation efficiency was analyzed by TCLP leaching of heavy metals, and different forms of heavy metals were extracted from the soil using the BCR method. The experimental results showed that the soil environment was alkaline, and the response to a low addition of WTF was more obvious. The Pearson correlation coefficient analysis yielded that the increase in the organic matter content led to an increase in the oxidizable Cd content. The WTF remediation did not change the overall acidity and alkalinity of the soil so that the overall soil environment remained stable; it increased the organic matter content and added fertility to the soil, and it increased the activity of most enzymes in the soil and promoted the circulation of the soil elements, making the soil fertile.
The Application and Improvement of Soil–Water Characteristic Curves through In Situ Monitoring Data in the Plains
Authors: Zhang Pingnan , Chen Gang , Wu Jinning , Wang Chuanhai , Zheng Shiwei , Yu Yue , Li Youlin , Li Xiaoning
Published: December 2022

In order to study the soil–water characteristic curve and soil–water movement in the unsaturated zone of the humid plain area and investigate its influence on the regional water cycle process, this study conducted a long series of hydrometeorological data monitoring on the whole process of precipitation, evaporation, soil water content, pore water pressure and depth of groundwater level at the Jintan field hydrological test in the plain area of the Taihu Basin, China. Based on the collected data, the soil water dynamic at different depths was analyzed, and the results showed that the soil water fluctuated most frequently and drastically at a soil horizon depth of 0–40 cm, with an obvious soil moisture wetting and drying cycle. The van Genuchten model (VG model) was used to describe the soil–water characteristic curve, and the parameters of the VG model were obtained by numerical inversion of field monitoring data using numerical code (HYDRUS-1D). The obtained parameters were used to simulate soil water movement in each soil horizon for six precipitation events and were compared with the simulation results of laboratory data. The study shows that the soil water simulation based on field data is better, which verifies the accuracy and reliability of the VG model obtained from field observation and provides a reliable theoretical basis for soil water movement and the calculation of runoff yield in the plain area of the Taihu Basin.
Correction: Favaretto et al. A Spatial Structure Variable Approach to Characterize Storm Events for Coastal Flood Hazard Assessment. Water 2021, 13, 2556
Authors: Favaretto Chiara , Martinelli Luca , Ruol Piero
Published: December 2022

There were two typos in the original publication [...]
Potential of GTL-Derived Biosolids for Water Treatment: Fractionization, Leachate, and Environmental Risk Analysis
Authors: Zuhara Shifa , Pradhan Snigdhendubala , Pasha Mujaheed , McKay Gordon
Published: December 2022

This study aims to understand the potential of using biosolids produced from the world’s largest gas-to-liquid (GTL) plant for water treatment applications. The metal fractionization of the two samples: raw biosolid (BS) and the pyrolyzed biosolid-BS char (BSC) (temperature: 450 °C, heating rate: 5 °C/min, residence time: 30 min) into exchangeables (F1), reducible (F2), oxidizable (F3), and residual (F4) were carried out following the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) procedure. Characterization showed an increased carbon content and reduced oxygen content in the biochar sample. Additionally, the presence of calcium, magnesium, and iron were detected in smaller quantities in both samples. Based on the extraction results for metals, the environmental risk analysis was determined based on RAC (Risk Assessment Code) and PERI (Potential Ecological Risk Index) indices. Furthermore, leaching studies following the TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure) were conducted. The results prove that pyrolyzing stabilizes the metals present in the raw material as BS sample had high F1 fractions, and the BS char had a greater F4 fraction. While the RAC and PERI indices show that the pyrolyzed BS has a ‘low risk’, much reduced compared to the original BS sample, this is confirmed by the leaching studies that displayed minimal leaching from the pyrolyzed sample. Overall, this study proves that the GTL biosolids can best be applied for water treatment after pyrolysis.
Microbial Interactions, Growth, and Health of Aquatic Species in Biofloc Systems
Authors: Padeniya Uthpala , Davis Donald Allen , Wells Daniel E. , Bruce Timothy J.
Published: December 2022

Biofloc technology involves the manipulation of the culture system’s carbon: nitrogen ratio to promote bacterial community growth to convert toxic nitrogenous wastes and organics into functional microbial protein; this protein can then be used as a food source and mediate water quality. Biofloc systems have several advantages, which include improved biosecurity, feed conversion, water use efficiency, and nutrient processing. Analyzing the nutritional value and the relationship between high production of aquacultural practices using biofloc is essential. Many studies have demonstrated that biofloc increases the growth of aquatic species by acting as a food source or providing bioactive compounds. Other than this, the beneficial micro-organisms in biofloc systems contain compounds such as organic acids that could resist the growth of pathogenic microbes. They will also serve as a natural probiotic and increase the immunity and survival of fish and shrimp. This technology could be useful for further integration within many aspects of aquaculture production when microbial interactions are considered. However, future studies must fully understand the principles and mechanisms behind the benefits of interactions between biofloc and cultured fish and crustacean species.
Microbiological Contamination of Urban Groundwater in the Brazilian Western Amazon
Authors: Baia Célia Ceolin , Vargas Taíse Ferreira , Ribeiro Vivian Azevedo , Laureano Josilena de Jesus , Boyer Rachel , Dórea Caetano Chang , Bastos Wanderley Rodrigues
Published: December 2022

Groundwater is heavily exploited for a variety of uses. Depending on their structure, the wells from which water is extracted can act as an entry point/gateway for a variety of microbiological contaminants, which can cause numerous adverse health effects. This study aimed to identify the microorganisms present in the groundwater in the Western Amazonian city of Porto Velho, using a methodology that can be deployed in other city centers. We collected 74 water samples from both dug and drilled wells in March, August and November 2018. Total coliforms were detected in 96% of dug wells and 74% of drilled wells. Thermotolerant coliforms were found in 90% of dug wells and 61% of drilled wells. Biochemical identification indicated 15 genera of bacteria. The genera Escherichia, Enterobacter, Cronobacter and Citrobacter had the highest prevalence. The genera Pseudomonas and Enterococcus were also detected. Thermotolerant coliforms showed higher values when the water flow was higher. Our results indicate high fecal contamination and higher susceptibility to contaminants in shallow wells compared to deep wells. These findings reflect the precariousness of WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) services and the importance of effective actions to combat groundwater degradation, improve the quality of the environment, and protect public health.
An Overview of Deep Learning Models for Foliar Disease Detection in Maize Crop
Authors: Paliwal Jagrati , Joshi Sunil
Published: December 2022

Agriculture is an important sector of Indian economy and India is among the top three global producers of agricultural products. Protecting the crops and producing healthy yields is a prime goal of the agriculture industries. The agricultural crops are susceptible to diseases and demands proactive early diagnosis and treatment. Studies and Research are in progress to find smart methods and techniques for accurate diagnosis of crop diseases to prevent major yield losses and financial losses. The present study outlines the role of Deep Learning in the crop disease detection and discusses the future advancements in maize disease detection. The paper focuses on the role of Deep Learning in identification of diseases on maize plant leaf and describes about some common maize diseases and its classification methods. The paper shall help readers to gain insight on Deep Learning techniques to solve classification problems and encourage them to proceed for future work in the concerned domain.
Machine Learning Methods for Predicting the Popularity of Movies
Authors: Oyewola David Opeoluwa , Dada Emmanuel Gbenga
Published: December 2022

The movie industry has grown into a several billion-dollar enterprise, and there is now a ton of information online about it. Numerous machine learning techniques have been created by academics and can produce effective classification models. In this study, different machine learning classification techniques are applied to our own movie dataset for multiclass classification. This paper's main objective is to compare the effectiveness of various machine learning techniques. This study examined five methods: Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Bagging (BAG), Naive Bayes (NBS) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), while noise was removed using All K-Edited Nearest Neighbors (AENN). These techniques all utilize previous IMDb dataset to predict a movie's net profit value. The algorithms predict the profit at the box office for each of these five techniques. Based on the dataset used in this paper, which consists of 5043 rows and 14 columns of movies, this study evaluates the performance of all seven machine learning techniques. Bagging outperformed other machine learning techniques with a 99.56% accuracy rate.
Neural Network Learning of Context-Dependent Affordances
Authors: Simione Luca , Borghi Anna M , Nolfi Stefano
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we investigated whether affordances are activated automatically, independently of the context in which they are experienced, or not. The first hypothesis postulates that stimuli affording different actions in different contexts tend to activate all actions initially. The action appropriate to the current context is later selected through a competitive process. The second hypothesis instead postulates that only the action appropriate to the current context is activated. The apparent tension between these two alternative hypotheses constitutes an open issue since, in some cases, experimental evidence supports the context-independent hypothesis, while in other cases it supports the context-dependent hypothesis. To study this issue, we trained a deep neural network with stimuli in which action inputs co-varied systematically with visual inputs. The neural network included two separate pathways for encoding visual and action inputs with two hidden layers each, and then a common hidden layer. The training was realized through an auto-associative unsupervised learning algorithm and the testing was conducted by presenting only part of the stimulus to the neural network, to study its generative properties. As a result of the training process, the network formed visual-action affordances. Furthermore, we conducted the training process in different contexts in which the relation between stimuli and actions varied. The analysis of the obtained results indicates that the network displays both a context-dependent activation of affordances (i.e., the action appropriate to the current context tends to be more activated than the alternative action) and a competitive process that refines action selection (i.e., that increases the offset between the activation of the appropriate and unappropriate actions). Overall, this suggests that the apparent contradiction between the two hypotheses can be resolved. Moreover, our analysis indicates that the greater facility with which colour-action associations are acquired with respect to shape-action associations is because the representation of surface features, such as colour, tends to be more readily available for deeper features, such as shape. Our results support the feasibility of human-like affordance acquisition in artificial neural networks trained using a deep learning algorithm. This model could be further applied to a number of robotic and applicative scenarios.
LANDSCAPE MOTIFS IN INTERIOR DESIGN
Authors: Zyrina M. , Dembich N.
Published: December 2022

Landscape motifs can have a strong emotional impact on the contemplator of beauty; actively influence the internal atmosphere of the interior and the appearance of architecture, complementing the artistic images. Natural motifs in the living environment give the charm of immediacy, combined with different styles from neoclassical to minimalism. The history of the use of landscape motifs in the interior demonstrates the possibilities of spatial solutions in the context of the subject-artistic environment. The results obtained will make it possible to objectify the study and scientific description of ways to use artistic design tools to create plastic forms of living space organization and can be used in setting design goals.
THE STRUCTURE OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF A TEACHER
Authors: Ажыгулова Д. , Калмырзаева А.
Published: December 2022

In this article, the professional competence of a teacher is considered as a set of generalized knowledge, skills and abilities that ensure the implementation of the content of state educational standards. The most common skill is the ability to think and act pedagogically, closely related to the ability to subject facts and phenomena to theoretical analysis. Ideally, the full compliance of the teacher with the requirements of the qualification characteristic means the formation of the ability to think and act pedagogically integrating the whole set of pedagogical skills. Regardless of the level of generality of the pedagogical task, the completed cycle of its solution is reduced to the triad "think — act — think" and coincides with the components of pedagogical activity and their corresponding skills. As a result, the model of professional competence of a teacher acts as a unity of his theoretical and practical readiness.
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL AND INVESTMENT AND INNOVATION AREAS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN KYRGYZSTAN AND CHINA
Authors: Инь Лэ
Published: December 2022

In recent years, the importance of China as the largest player in international relations for Kyrgyzstan has increased. China's direct investment in Kyrgyzstan is expanding, and bilateral economic and technological cooperation between China and Kyrgyzstan has achieved remarkable results. Cooperation has been formed between China and Kyrgyzstan in the field of transport, electricity, mineral resource development and telecommunications, which play an important role in the economic development of Kyrgyzstan and the improvement of people's lives. This article discusses the development of economic relations at the present stage between China and Kyrgyzstan, where there is a need to attract foreign direct investment from China, which in recent years has occupied a specific weight in Kyrgyzstan in terms of the flow of foreign investment for the largest projects on the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic.
Early Detection Of Heart Attack After Cardiac Catheterization In Health Promotion Perspective: A Case Study
Authors: Muhammad Ramli , Hardy Syaifoel
Published: December 2022

Heart attack cases among cardiovascular disease continue increasing every year and ranking as the highest cause of death in Indonesia. The objective of this research was to provide a framework for health promotion nurses to prevent heart attacks after cardiac catheterization. This research used a case study with the Case Management Society of America (CMSA) model. The case was selected from a patient with Coronary artery disease (CAD), 58 years old, retired of a civil servant, ex-chronic smoker, controlled hypertension, and a family history of CAD. The stages of CMSA data processing include Assessment, Preparation Pre-Catheterization, Recovery Phase, Planning and Intervention, and Evaluation. Objective data was taken from the physical examination results. Subjective data were obtained from interviews according to the CMSA standard, reputed journals, and other official documents. Analysis of the case study was conducted by coding, categorizing, comparing, and organizing. This case study revealed that health promotion nurses need to know the potential complications of post-heart catheterization i.e. shortness of breath, chest pain, lack of activity that is not known by family members, assumptions about uncontrolled nutrition, irregular medication, and heart attacks. The research recommended to prevent heart attacks post catheterization, health promotion nurses have to provide daily notes as patient progress reports and set a regular follow-ups.
Diseño y validación de un instrumento para evaluar la adherencia médico-nutricional en personas con obesidad
Authors: García González Claudia Lizett , Rosas Cortez Nancy , Gasca Suarez Estefanía , Sánchez Muñoz Martha Patricia , Robles Pastrana Juan de Dios , Mora Plascencia Daniel , Ramos Herrera Igor Martín
Published: December 2022

Introducción: la falta de adherencia terapéutica es un problema de salud importante que afecta a los sistemas de salud. No se encontraron instrumentos validados para la población mexicana con obesidad que contemplen más de tres factores o dimensiones asociadas con la falta de adherencia. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar el proceso de diseño y validación de un instrumento que evalúe la adherencia al tratamiento médico-nutricional en personas con obesidad. 
Métodos: estudio analítico transversal en el que se diseñó y validó una tarjeta de llenado y un instrumento de medida enfocado en los profesionales de la salud para evaluar la adherencia médico-nutricional de los pacientes. Se realizó en 4 etapas, en donde se incluyen el diseño del instrumento (con cinco dimensiones de indicadores: los socioeconómicos, los del equipo o sistemas de salud, los del paciente, los de la enfermedad y los del tratamiento), así como la validación, una prueba piloto (muestra de 49 pacientes y 4 evaluadores expertos) y el análisis estadístico. Se probaron la reproducibilidad (coeficiente de correlación de Pearson) y la validez (alfa de Cronbach). 
Resultados: los expertos calificaron como relevantes todos los ítems del instrumento; el índice de validez global fue de 0,86. La consistencia interna del instrumento fue buena, con un alfa de Cronbach de 0,85. El coeficiente de correlación de Pearson del instrumento completo fue de 0,86 (p < 0,001). 
Conclusión: El instrumento diseñado permite al profesional de la salud evaluar la adherencia al tratamiento médico-nutricional de los pacientes con obesidad de manera integral y a bajo costo.
Evaluación y tratamiento nutricional en pacientes con pancreatitis aguda: estudio observacional en el Hospital Nacional Alejandro Posadas
Authors: Real Clarisa , Navarro Pilar , Gómez Eliana , Canicoba Marisa
Published: December 2022

Introducción: la pancreatitis aguda es una enfermedad altamente metabólica. El inicio temprano de la alimentación autolimita el catabolismo y conlleva a mejores resultados. Se desconoce el tratamiento nutricional implementado en la Argentina. 
Objetivos: conocer el estado nutricional de los pacientes con pancreatitis aguda y las características de la terapia nutricional implementada en el Hospital Nacional Alejandro Posadas, así como analizar la asociación entre el estado nutricional con respecto a la gravedad de la pancreatitis aguda, las complicaciones, el uso de la terapia nutricional y la estancia hospitalaria. 
Métodos: estudio transversal y descriptivo. Se utilizó información recabada desde octubre de 2019 a octubre de 2021, en un hospital de tercer nivel de Buenos Aires. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables y la prueba de Tau b de Kendall para evaluar su asociación (p < 0,05). 
Resultados: se obtuvo una muestra de 55 pacientes. El 70,9 % fue femenino, con una mediana de edad de 40 años. El 81,8 % de las pancreatitis fue leve. El 49,1 % presentó malnutrición, la cual se asoció significativamente con la gravedad de la pancreatitis aguda (p < 0,001), la aparición de las complicaciones (p < 0,001) y el uso de la terapia nutricional (p < 0,002), no así con la estancia hospitalaria (p 0,16). El índice de masa corporal no se relacionó con ninguna de las variables mencionadas. El 71 % empezó a alimentarse de forma tardía. El 14,5 % recibió nutrición enteral y 7,2 % parenteral durante la internación. 
Conclusiones: la malnutrición es frecuente en pacientes con pancreatitis aguda. El inicio de la alimentación suele ser tardío. Aquellos pacientes con peor estado nutricional desarrollaron una mayor gravedad de la enfermedad, mayores complicaciones y requirieron terapia nutricional con mayor frecuencia.
Modelo de proceso de cuidado nutricional: consenso para Latinoamérica
Authors: Pérez Angélica , Díaz Muñoz Gustavo Alfonso , Maza Moscoso Claudia Patricia , Castro Muñoz Marcia Gabriela , Canicoba Marisa Ester , Gonzalez Maria Cristina , Barbosa Barbosa Janeth , Calvo Higuera Isabel Guadalupe , Baptista Gertrudis , Ferraresi Eduardo Manuel , Pereira Fernando José , Bermúdez Charles , Contreras Luque Claudia Patricia , Muñoz Peláez Martha Elena , Tihista Serrana , Villafana Haydee , Arenas Márquez Humberto , Cortés Lilia Yadira , Larreagueti Rosa , Sánchez Corrales Paola , Aguirre Marulanda Erika , Fuchs Tarlovsky Vanessa , Puentes Sanchez Milena , T. D. Correia M. Isabel , Cárdenas Diana
Published: December 2022

Introducción: los modelos de cuidado nutricional son procesos estandarizados y sistematizados, cuyo objetivo es brindar consistencia y vinculación de la información, lo cual genera un impacto positivo en términos de calidad, servicio y costos. El objetivo del consenso de expertos fue proponer un modelo de cuidado nutricional para Latinoamérica, teniendo en cuenta el principio No. 2 de la Declaración Internacional de Cartagena. 
Método: se desarrolló un cuestionario, el cual fue sometido a la opinión de expertos siguiendo la metodología Delphi. El cuestionario inicialmente contó con 16 preguntas que evaluaban los siguientes temas: ¿cuáles son las etapas y herramientas del modelo? ¿Qué enfoque debe tener? ¿Sobre qué pilares fundamentar el modelo? Se consideró consenso cuando los ítems del cuestionario lograron un puntaje ≥ 70 % en la escala de Likert 4 (de acuerdo) y 5 (totalmente de acuerdo). 
Resultados: se realizaron tres rondas de consulta a expertos, donde se definió un modelo consistente en cinco pasos (que inició con el tamizaje del riesgo de desnutrición y terminó con los cuidados domiciliarios), los cuales se fundamentan en cinco pilares: educación, políticas públicas, fundamentos éticos, economía de la nutrición clínica y enfoque multidisciplinar/multisectorial. Se propusieron y analizaron indicadores de calidad de cada uno de los cinco pasos. 
Conclusión: el modelo de cuidado nutricional para Latinoamérica se basa en cinco pasos y cinco pilares. Este modelo se debe considerar como una herramienta y estrategia didáctica, que facilite la implementación y enseñanza del cuidado nutricional en el contexto latinoamericano en el ámbito clínico en todo nivel de atención.
Single-Use Plasters: Process and Waste in Gypsum Wallboard Systems
Authors:   Auburn University, Kuhns Alyssa
Published: December 2022

2017 marked the 100th Anniversary of Sheetrock.1 Sheetrock, a proprietary eponym for gypsum wallboard, is the dominant material used in the construction and finishing of interior partitions. It, along with other stock materials used in interior finishing, is a readily available commodity and is specified in nearly all new construction. Despite its proliferation, both the product manufacturing and installation methods of Sheetrock have remained essentially unchanged in its hundred years of existence. As a result of the unchallenged product manufacturing and installation methods, contemporary construction issues related to labor, waste, and environmental health are not addressed throughout the gypsum wallboard material system. Considering these issues, this paper outlines the environmental and carbon impacts of the entire material system of this lasting, ubiquitous material. The purpose of this work is to inform future innovation and development of the products and processes included in common interior finishing practices. This research summarizes an understand- ing of the current context of the gypsum wallboard material system gained through on-site observation and discussions with industry contacts. Successes and shortcomings dis- covered within the material system serve as design criteria for the reconsideration of contemporary interior finishing practices, e.g. the installation of gypsum wallboard and the application of joint compound, as a single modular system. Physical testing and prototyping of the modular system considers industry impact including sustainable construction practices, the reduction of debris and material waste, and shortages in skilled labor as well as aesthetic and functional qualities of the interior.
RhinoCircular: Development and Testing of a Circularity Indicator Tool for Application in Early Design Phases and Architectural Education
Authors:   Circular Construction Lab, Cornell University, Heisel Felix , Becker Cameron ,   Circular Construction Lab, Cornell University
Published: December 2022

RhinoCircular is a CAD plugin developed within the Circular Construction Lab (CCL) at Cornell University that assesses a building design’s environmental impact in respect to its embodied carbon values and circularity: the degree to which design solutions minimize extraction and waste in favor of reusable, recyclable and renewable material resources. Over their full life cycle, current buildings account for 39% of carbon dioxide emissions [1] and more than 50% of resource extraction and solid waste production. [2,3] As a way to overcome the social, economic, and environmental problems of this linear economic system, the concept of the circular economy is increasingly gaining attention. Activating the built environment as a material reserve for the construction of future cities would not only provide valuable local resources, but also potentially prevent up to 50% of the industry’s emissions by capitalizing on embodied carbon. [1] However, this requires radical paradigm shifts in how we design and construct buildings (e.g. materials selection/ design for disassembly), and in how resources are managed within the built environment. Buildings and regions need to anticipate stocks and flows of materials, documenting and communicating which materials in what quantities and qualities become available for reuse or recycling where and when. RhinoCircular allows direct and immediate feedback on design decisions in respect to formal deliberations, structural considerations, material selection and detailing based on material passports and circularity indicators. It can be integrated in existing and complex workflows and is compatible with industry-standard databases while providing its own essential dataset-complementing missing information.
Wood+: Strategies for a Material Shift in Architectural Design
Authors:   University of Idaho, Hoyos Carolina Manrique , Haglund Bruce ,   University of Idaho
Published: December 2022

Our architecture program is committed to promote the use of wood as the major structural material in architectural design, reinforcing a much-needed material shift to mitigate climate change. Wood is a robust alternative to concrete and steel, sequestering carbon rather than spewing it into the atmosphere. Our region is experiencing a rapid re-emergence of the use of timber and manufactured wood structural products. Timber can be sustainably harvested and locally milled, further reducing carbon pollution in the supply chain. The development of timber construction offers an opportunity to increase our Architecture Program’s commitment to address- ing environmental sustainability in architecture education. Our program has addressed this commitment by expanding curricular and pedagogical strategies encouraging a material shift in key courses in undergraduate and graduate curricula. This paper presents those strategies in four of our architectural design studios where a wood-focused theme inspires our students to be “future stewards to shape zero-net-car- bon buildings and communities1” These strategies exemplify efforts to explore intersections between research and teach- ing, and partnerships between academia and industry in the United States and abroad. The four architectural design studios discussed include: a third-year undergraduate competition-based studio that is tied to our one-year structural systems sequence and is sponsored by a State Commission funded by the forest industry since 2012; a 400/500 level vertical studio; and our Integrated Architectural Design graduate studio where we have defined the use of mass timber as the theme for comprehensive architectural design projects that include the AIA Framework for Design Excellence (previously known as the COTE Top Ten Toolkit2); and our immersive United Kingdom (UK) Study Abroad graduate program (a spring preparatory seminar and a summer research studio in the UK) where we expanded content and pedagogical strategies on green buildings and cities to include cross-laminated timber (CLT).
A Novel Approach for Investigating Canopy Heat Island Effects on Building Energy Performance: A Case Study of Center City of Philadelphia, PA
Authors:   The Pennsylvania State University, Hashemi Farzad , iulo Lisa Domenica ,   The Pennsylvania State University, POERSCHKE UTE ,   The Pennsylvania State University
Published: December 2022

Because of the urban heat island (UHI) effect, an urban agglomeration is typically warmer than its surrounding rural area. Today, UHI effects are a global concern and have been observed in cities regardless of their locations and size. These effects threaten the health and productivity of the urban population, moreover, they alter buildings energy performance. The negative impacts of UHI on human welfare have been confirmed broadly during the past decades by several studies. However, the effects of increased temperatures on the energy consumption of buildings still need a comprehensive investigation. Moreover, considering the UHI effects at the early stages of the design process is still not pervasive due to the lack of straightforward and convenient methodologies to include these effects in the estimation process of buildings’ energy consumption. To fill the mentioned gaps, a novel methodology of coupling the Local Climate Zones (LCZs) classification system and the Urban Weather Generator (UWG) model is proposed in this study to evaluate the UHI impacts on the energy consumption of various building typologies positioned in different climate zones. The methodology is applied to the most populated area of city of Philadelphia, Center City, and modified Typical Meteorological Year (mTMY) data comprising the canopy heat islands effect in the scale of an urban block or a neighborhood are produced in the format of .epw. The initial results of this study show an average of 2.7 °C temperature difference between existing local climate zones of Center City and reference TMY3 weather data recorded at Philadelphia International Airport during three sequential summer days. The generated weather data then were incorporated into an Urban Building Energy Model (UBEM) to simulate the spatiotemporal differentiation of energy demand for cooling and heating end-uses at each building typology under two scenarios of weather data i.e. mTMY and TMY3 data.
Adaptive Reuse as Carbon Adaptation: Urban Food Production in the Underused Parking Garages of the Future
Authors:   Weber Thompson, Harrell Myer , Horn Erin ,   University of Washington, Koehn Adam ,   University of Washington, Ianchenko Alex ,   University of Washington, Prosksch Gundula ,   University of Washington
Published: December 2022

This research collaboration between the Circular City + Living Systems (CCLS) research lab and the architecture practice Weber Thompson addresses the intersection of three critical topics affecting the carbon footprint of the built environment: adaptive reuse of existing buildings, increased availability of electric and autonomous vehicles, and food production in cities. This study measures and compares the relative impact of the operational carbon impact reduction of an eventual transition to electric autonomous vehicles, the embodied carbon reduction of adaptive building reuse, and the potential to sequester carbon as a benefit from living systems in urban aquaponics operations in adapted parking garages. Aquaponics, the combination of aquaculture and hydroponic growing systems, optimizes food, water, energy, and waste flows and reduces the need for resource input through high-efficiency, cyclical exchanges. Integrating and scaling up aquaponic food production systems into cities provides an innovative approach to producing sustainable urban food and mitigating urban environmental challenges. Through case study research, resource and scale analysis, this project leverages collaboration between practice and academia to explore the carbon impact of a promising near-future adaptive reuse of parking garages for urban food production. The relative embodied carbon impacts of adaptive building reuse, operational carbon reduction of transition to autonomous electric vehicles, and sequestration of carbon through urban aquaponics operations are measured and compared to advance and assess the viability of an innovative adaptive reuse concept.
There Goes the Neighborhood: How a NZE Passive House Changed the Culture of a Community
Authors:   University of Texas at Arlington, Mcbride Charles
Published: December 2022

In 2019 a small, single-family house was sold to a family excited to be part of a trailblazing and strangely controversial project. While many net zero energy (NZE) and/or Passive House examples have now been completed across the US, small communities, especially in the flyover country of the upper Midwest, have proudly doubled down against the “unknown” of these new models, reinforcing traditional project delivery and the absence of energy codes. This project and initiative not only serves as an example for students and evolving pedagogy, but also has become a touchstone in the community, challenging the preconceptions of modern design, neighborhood investment, homebuilding practice, and the public image of a university grappling with an evolving “design culture.” The complexities of any architectural project are numerous but often predictable. Like any student design-build project, this house dealt with its share of delays and changes. And like any grant-funded project, it dealt with additional oversight, reviews and red tape. Now in its final phase, the project begins post-occupancy monitoring. Teaching the homeowners about building performance blends the pragmatics of understanding equipment with the global responsibility and mission of NZE and passive house. An early decision to work within an existing, walkable neighborhood lead unexpectedly to a very public debate on neighborhood design. These and other lessons are a reminder that architectural practice requires teaching your client, and often, your community. This paper will focus on the larger impact that the house continues to have on both the community and university. This includes the cultural challenges of meeting design expectations, the potential of infill as a community revitalization tool, and convincing a skeptical public that energy consciousness and evolving construction techniques have real value. It will also discuss how these issues, understood and accepted as given within the design and academic community, are still radically new in this (and many) regions across the country. A discussion of pedagogy and community design are balanced with quantitative energy data, impact, and continuing observation.