bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SimCloud version 1.0: a simple diagnostic cloud scheme for
idealized climate models
Authors: Liu Qun , Collins Matthew , Maher Penelope , Thomson Stephen I. , Vallis Geoffrey K.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. SimCloud, a simple diagnostic cloud scheme for general circulation models (GCMs) is proposed in this study. The large-scale clouds, which form the core of the scheme, are diagnosed from relative humidity. In addition, marine low stratus clouds, typically found off the west coast of continents over subtropical oceans, are determined largely as a function of inversion strength. A freeze-dry adjustment based on a simple function of relative humidity may also used to reduce an excessive clouds bias in polar regions. Other cloud properties, such as the effective radius of cloud droplet and cloud liquid water content, are specified as simple functions of temperature. All of these features are user-configurable. The cloud scheme is implemented in Isca, a modeling framework designed to enable the construction of GCMs at varying levels of complexity, but could readily be adapted to other GCMs. Simulations using the scheme with realistic continents generally capture the observed structure of cloud fraction and cloud radiative effect (CRE), as well as its seasonal variation. Specifically, the explicit low cloud scheme improves the simulation of shortwave CREs over the eastern subtropical oceans by increasing the cloud fraction and cloud water path over there. The freeze-dry adjustment alleviates the longwave CRE biases in polar regions especially in winter. However, the longwave CRE in tropical regions and shortwave CRE over extratropics are still too strong compared to observations. Nevertheless, this simple cloud scheme provides a suitable basis for examining the impacts of clouds on climate in idealized modeling frameworks.
Relative humidity gradients as a key constraint on terrestrial water
and energy fluxes
Authors: Kim Yeonuk , Garcia Monica , Morillas Laura , Weber Ulrich , Black T. Andrew , Johnson Mark S.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Earth's climate and water cycle are highly dependent on terrestrial evapotranspiration and the associated flux of latent heat. Despite its pivotal role, predictions of terrestrial evapotranspiration remain uncertain due to highly dynamic and spatially heterogeneous land surface dryness. Although it has been hypothesized for over 50 years that land dryness becomes embedded in atmospheric conditions, underlying physical mechanisms for this land-atmospheric coupling remain elusive. Here, we use a novel physically-based evaporation model to demonstrate that near-surface atmospheric relative humidity (rh) fundamentally coevolves with rh at the land surface. The new model expresses the latent heat flux as a combination of thermodynamic processes in the atmospheric surface layer. Our approach is similar to the Penman-Monteith equation but uses only routinely measured abiotic variables, avoiding the need to parameterize surface resistance. We applied our new model to 212 in-situ eddy covariance sites around the globe and to the FLUXCOM global-scale evaporation product. Vertical rh gradients were widely observed to be near zero on daily to yearly time scales for local as well as global scales, implying an emergent land-atmosphere equilibrium. This equilibrium allows for accurate evaporation estimates using only the atmospheric state and radiative energy, regardless of land surface conditions and vegetation controls. Our results also demonstrate that the latent heat portion of available energy (i.e., evaporative fraction) at local scales is mainly controlled by the vertical rh gradient. By demonstrating how land surface conditions become encoded in the atmospheric state, this study will improve our fundamental understanding of Earth's climate and the terrestrial water cycle.
Modeling the Greenland englacial stratigraphy
Authors: Born Andreas , Robinson Alexander
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Radar reflections from the interior of the Greenland ice sheet contain a comprehensive archive of past accumulation rates and ice dynamics. Combining this data with dynamic ice sheet models may greatly aid model calibration, improve past and future sea level estimates, and enable insights into past ice sheet dynamics that neither models nor data could achieve alone. Unfortunately, simulating the continental-scale ice sheet stratigraphy represents a major challenge for current ice sheet models. In this study, we present the first three-dimensional ice sheet model that explicitly simulates the Greenland englacial stratigraphy. Individual layers of accumulation are represented on a grid whose vertical axis is time so that they do not exchange mass with each other as the flow of ice deforms them. This isochronal advection scheme is independent from the ice dynamics and only requires modest input data from a host thermomechanical ice-sheet model, making it easy to transfer to a range of models. Using an ensemble of simulations, we show that direct comparison with the dated radiostratigraphy data yields notably more accurate results than selecting simulations based on total ice thickness. We show that the isochronal scheme produces a more reliable simulation of the englacial age profile than traditional age tracers. The interpretation of ice dynamics at different times is possible but limited by uncertainties in the upper and lower boundaries conditions, namely temporal variations in surface mass balance and basal friction.
Impact of Job Insecurity due to COVID-19 on the Psychological Wellbeing and Resiliency of Food Delivery Personnel
Authors: Sarwar Aisha , Maqsood Usman , Mujtaba Bahaudin G.
Published: December 2020

This study examines when and why job insecurity due to COVID-19 leads to decreased well-being in hotel (restaurant) delivery personnel. It also examines resiliency as a moderator between job insecurity and employee anxiety. Data was collected in time lags from 253 respondents of food delivery personnel in hotel restaurants. The findings suggest that job insecurity due to COVID-19 decreased an employee’s well-being via financial stress. Moreover, resiliency played a buffering role in mitigating the damaging impact of job insecurity on fanatical stress. Theoretical and practical implications are included in this paper. COVID-19 is considered as most devastating and fatal diseases of this century since it is negatively impacting many industries, including hotels and restaurants. While some researchers have reflected upon the nature of this disease, the arrival of possible vaccine and economic outcomes, the employees’ psychological outcomes are largely ignored areas of research. Hence, this study attempts to fill this gap by adding relevant knowledge to the field. This study contributes to literature in various ways. Firstly, this study proposes and measures employees’ job insecurity due to infectious disease COVID-19 in hotels. Secondly, anxiety is measured as a mechanism to explain the relationship between perceived job insecurity and employees’ psychological well-being.Thirdly, this study proposes and empirically tests the factors which may decrease employees’ well-being during the outbreak of a COVID-19 pandemic. Fourthly, this study examines employees’ personality trait of resiliency as a buffering factor between job insecurity and employee anxiety. Finally, this research validates the conservation of resources theory in terms of external stressor and personal resource in the form of resiliency. Hence this study is a timely response against the current coronavirus pandemic to expand the scope in domain of mental health specifically among hotel employees to provide insights to practitioners. The objective of this paper is to examine the impact of job insecurity on mental health of hotel employees and to recommend a few avenues for practitioners to mitigate its devastating effects.
El lado positivo: estrategias y proyectos para envases nacidos en tiempos de crisis y analizados con un enfoque sistémico
Authors: Remondino Chiara L. , Marino Cristina , Tamborrini Paolo M.
Published: December 2020

La emergencia de salud Covid-19 ha cambiado nuestros hábitos y comportamientos de compras, hábitos alimentarios y también la relación con los embalajes. Para muchos modelos de negocios la pandemia representa un punto de inflexión; para otros, la crisis ha sido la prueba de vulnerabilidades ocultas y de una potencial insuficiencia para el mundo contemporáneo. Sin embargo, el sector del embalaje no se ha detenido. Fue necesario organizar, coordinar y planificar nuevos métodos de distribución, y al mismo tiempo se abrió a nuevas oportunidades para la innovación. La industria del embalaje ha demostrado una actitud proactiva y resolutiva, y ha podido lidiar inconscientemente con problemas que van más allá del Diseño de un contenedor. El análisis de las estrategias y prácticas adoptadas por el sector del embalaje en la gestión de emergencias nos ha permitido definir el marco de investigación. Esta contribución investiga los cambios no sólo a nivel económico, sino también a nivel cognitivo-conductual y ambiental, hacia el cual el Diseño está llamado a actuar con responsabilidad cada vez mayor. Un Diseño que necesariamente debe cambiar la visión de lineal a sistémica, a partir de la formación.
Construyendo y adaptando modelos de negocio para la innovación en tiempos de crisis
Authors: Guevara Mira Jaime Daniel
Published: December 2020

This opinion article briefly reviews the evolution of the business model concept to understand its importance and adaptation to current times. In the same way, the key elements for the construction of business models based on innovation in times of crisis are presented, taking into consideration that this concept is a key element that must be focused on the current or potential consumer. For the construction of a business model it is important to identify all the elements that are subject to innovation and that contribute to the generation of attractive value propositions for the market. For this, the Canvas proposed by Osterwalder and Pigneur (2010) has been taken as the basis of analysis, where nine factors are proposed that must be analyzed and that are interconnected for the generation of innovative value proposals.
Realidad Empresarial No. 10, 2020: 2-6
Influencia de la inteligencia de negocios en los procesos de toma de decisiones dentro de las instituciones financieras
Authors: Mora Guillermina
Published: December 2020

Abstracts are not available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 10, 2020: 21-24
STRENGTHENING AND STABILIZATION EXERCISES IN PREVENTION OF SHOULDER INJURIES
Authors:   Danila Kumar Primary School, Slovenia, Letnar Bernarda
Published: December 2020

The shoulder joint is the most flexible joint in the human body which experiences high loads during certain sport activities involving overhead motion. Overhead athletes experience rapid shoulder elevation, abduction and external rotation during the movement and rapid deceleration after the movement, making them susceptible to shoulder injuries. Due to the extreme ranges of motion, overhead athletes tend to develop increased external rotation, combined with decreased range of internal rotation, emphasizing the need for balanced shoulder care program in the training process to prevent such occurrences. The aim of the research paper was to develop training regimen for injury prevention and shoulder maintenance that can be incorporated in daily training activities of the athletes in order to decrease the occurrence of injuries. Three part training program was designed consisting of specific warm up, strengthening and stabilization exercises and stretching exercises. The aim of the specific warm up was to prepare the shoulder for the training loads, mimicking the overhead movements and stimulating the stabilization in the joint. Strengthening and stabilization exercises aimed to strengthen external rotators in the shoulder and improve the stabilization of the shoulder joint by targeting specific muscles such as serratus anterior. The focus of stretching exercises was to stretch internal rotation muscles, which experience high loads in the overhead athlete's training. An effective training program that can be performed with minimal equipment and in a short time frame was designed to enable its simple incorporation into the daily training of overhead athletes.
METHODS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ALPINE SKIING SCHOOL
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Kinesiology, Croatia, Cigrovski Vedran , Bon Ivan ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Kinesiology, Croatia, Očić Mateja ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Kinesiology, Croatia, Božić Igor ,   University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Škovran Mislav ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Kinesiology, Croatia
Published: December 2020

Nowadays, various programs are used in ski schools to teach beginners. All programs have the same goal, and that is to teach beginners specific body movements with which they will be able to manage their skis. Three programs are most commonly used in alpine skiing schools. According to one program, ski beginners are taught the basics of alpine skiing exclusively with elements of parallel skiing techniques. In the second program, ski beginners acquire knowledge using elements of snowplough and parallel ski technique. The third alpine skiing learning program combines these two methods. In addition to the program, in practice there are two approaches to learning alpine skiing. The first method involves a daily trip to a ski slope or a nearby winter tourist centre, where the skiing technique is adopted and beginners return to the place of residence the same day. The second way consists of an organized, usually seven-day, winter trip, during which the basics of alpine skiing are learned every day during the stay in the ski-resort. Regardless of the learning programs used, the safety of skiers is a priority in every alpine skiing school. Therefore, it is advisable for all beginner skiers to get involved in an alpine skiing school, as this is the best way to prevent injuries.
PARAMETERS OF FUNCTIONAL ABILITIES IN RUNNING – RESEARCH REVIEW
Authors:   Spartamedic, Austria, Đukić Radosav , Bošnjak Goran ,   University of Banja Luka, Faculty of physical education and sport, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Jakovljević Vladimir ,   University of Banja Luka, Faculty of physical education and sport, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Tešanović Gorana ,   University of Banja Luka, Faculty of physical education and sport,Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Published: December 2020

Running as an athletic discipline requires a high level of endurance and speed endurance, which is directly related to the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, ie the ability of an athlete's body to withstand loads, and the following are listed as relevant factors for running success: anaerobic strength and maximum O2 consumption, lactic acid concentration and oxygen deficiency, ability to withstand stress, high ability to concentrate and its retention over longer periods of time. There is a lot of research that has studied the parameters of functional abilities in an attempt to find the most effective way to improve them, and since there are many similar and different data on this topic, this paper has been done to classify the available papsers by domestic and foreign authors which would lead to conclusions applicable both in practice and for further research.For the purposes of this research, original scientific papers have been analyzed that dealt with functional abilities as success factors in short, middle and long distance running and the impact of training on functional abilities, found in electronic databases - Medline, PubMed, Researchgate, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The research used in this review monitored transversely the values ​​of submaximal and maximal oxygen consumption, energy systems, heart rate values, pulmonary ventilation, blood lactate concentration, as well as their changes after longitudinal implementation of experimental protocols and training processes. Since the collected research had too few respondents from different populations with a small number of elite runners, and they did not have enough information about many years of experience, level of sports form, race categories, and descriptions of training and methods, obtaining empirical information based on evidence was limited, as well as reaching valid conclusions. Accordingly, there is a need for a more systematic approach to research and implementation of complex studies with a sufficient number of runners of all ages, both sexes of the elite level, and cooperation of academic researchers, clubs and athletes to enable studies that would provide significant statistics, analysis and interpretation. The results identified in this review provide a starting point for future research that identifies and quantifies predictors of functional.
COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR DETERMINING PERCENTAGE OF BODY FAT ON A SAMPLE OF KAYAKERS AND CANOEISTS – IN SLALOM
Authors:   University of Banja Luka, Faculty of physical education and sport,Bosnia and Herzegovina, Pašić Goran , Grahovac Goran ,   University of Banja Luka, Faculty of physical education and sport,Bosnia and Herzegovina, Trivun Milomir ,   Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Published: December 2020

Determining body structure in physical culture, sports, but also in sports recreation is one of the ways to check effectiveness of certain training programs and their impact on a percentage of subcutaneous fat and fat-free components. This study was conducted on a sample of 49 kayakers and slalom canoeists (aged 19.9 ± 1.7 years), and the aim was to compare validity of methods for estimating percentage of body fat based on the skinfold measurement method in relation to the bioelectrical impedance method for application in diagnostics within a training process of slalom kayakers and slalom canoeists. The percentage of body fat was determined by methods of determining the percentage of body fat according to Siri (1961), Brozek et al. (1963), Jackson, & Pollock, (1985) and the BIA bioelectrical impedance method. After statistical procedures, correlation analysis revealed a high correlation between the methods: anthropometric methods according to Siri and Brozek, both methods with the Jackson Pollock method, while all three methods have a high level of correlation with the BIA method, while the Wilcoxon test showed that the bioelectrical impedance method had statistically significantly higher values than the method of determining the percentage of body fat according to Siri & Brozek (p <0.001), and significantly lower than the method of determining the percentage of body fat according to Jackson Pollock (p = 0.005). The research showed that in the observed sample of respondents, when it comes to one respondent, a group of respondents, respondents within one sport or an uneven sample of non-athletes, if it is not possible to use some of the more sophisticated BIA methods, a satisfactory method could be the skinfold measurement method.
MAKSIMALNA IZOMETRIJSKA MIŠIĆNA SILA KAO PREDIKTOR JEDNOG MAKSIMALNOG NAPREZANJA U TESTU ČUČANJ
Authors:   Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci, Fakultet fizičkog vaspitanja i sporta, Bosna i Hercegovina, Petrović Borko , Kukrić Aleksandar ,   Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci, Fakultet fizičkog vaspitanja i sporta, Bosna i Hercegovina, Dobraš Radenko ,   Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci, Fakultet fizičkog vaspitanja i sporta, Bosna i Hercegovina, Zlojutro Nemanja ,   Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci, Fakultet fizičkog vaspitanja i sporta, Bosna i Hercegovina
Published: December 2020

Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se utvrdi da li ispoljavanje maksimalne izometrijske mišićne sile pri određenom uglu u zglobu koljena (80°, 110° i 140°) može služiti kao prediktor 1 RM-a kod kretnog zadatka čučanj (squat). Istraživanje je sprovedeno na grupi od dvadeset i četiri studenta (N=24), muškog pola u okviru 2 odvojene sesije sa po 7 dana odmora između svake. Antropometrijska mjerenja i procjena mišićne sile, odnosno 1 RM-a izvršeno je metodom repetitivnih maksimuma do otkaza na Smit mašini u okviru prve sesije. Maksimalna izometrijska sila (Fmax) muskulature nogu mjerena je testom uzastopnih maksimalnih kontrakcija u laboratorijskim uslovima na smit mašini uz pomoć sonde dinamometra i softwerskog sistema Globus Ergo Tesys System 1000. Analizom rezultata dobijenih na osnovu linearne regresije, autori zaključuju da sa preciznošću od 84,5% možemo izvršiti procjenu 1RM-a u vježbi čučanj na osnovu maksimalne izometrijske sila ispoljene pri uglu u zglobu koljena od 140°. Rezutati dobijeni ovim isztraživanjem mogu poslužiti aplikativno u praksi prilikom procjene 1 RM-a na osnovu mjerenja maksimalne izometrijske sile za dati kretni zadatak.
Sociaalwetenschappelijke onderzoeksmethoden
Authors: van Hoesel Peter
Published: December 2020

Sociaalwetenschappelijke onderzoeksmethoden

Hoeveel nieuwe methoden en technieken van sociaalwetenschappelijk onderzoek zijn er sinds de jaren zestig van de vorige eeuw bij gekomen? Moderne ICT heeft het allemaal wel sneller en makkelijker gemaakt, maar in wezen gaat het nog steeds om dezelfde methoden, wellicht op een enkele uitzondering na. Maar misschien levert deze column reacties op die dit tegenspreken.
ACM’s klaroenstoot voor duurzaamheid
Authors: Snoep Martijn
Published: December 2020

ACM’s klaroenstoot voor duurzaamheid

Bijdrage van de bestuursvoorzitter van de ACM over de Concept Leidraad Duurzaamheidsafspraken.
Virtuality as a precondition and necessity for the mankind development
Authors: Hurnyak Ihor , Kordonska Aleksandra
Published: December 2020

Objective of the study: The research aims at exploring the way of interaction between virtual and physical reality and defining the approaches to analyze consequences of the virtuality penetration to the real world or vice versa.Methodology / approach: We apply a game theoretic method based on payoff matrix to show the essence of interaction between virtual and physical worlds; an internalization approach for solving optimization problem; graphical visualization of the interaction by using cones movement approach and analysis of cost functions to develop an equation of the city’s economy and to rebuild a model of optimal city size.Originality / Relevance: The majority of economic approaches have a linear-minded nature and only some take into account technological aspect. We state that the solution lies in consideration the costs as function of positive and negative exponential externalities. The proposed cost-based approach allows finding the optimal distribution of the time staying in the virtual and physical space.Main results: Obtained results of the research proved the following assumptions: interaction with new reality has changed us; a human is irrational in absolute majority; virtuality is a threat and an opportunity to the human. We confirmed that the nature of interaction between physical and virtual reality should takes the form of cooperation to ensure the mankind development.Theoretical / methodological contributions: It is one of the first attempts to develop economic theories and methods by extending them with variables of virtual reality.Social / management contributions: The study presents a broader view on human who exists on the fringes of physical and virtual reality.
Gemini Imidazolinium Surfactants: A Versatile Class of Molecules
Authors: Bhati Kajol , Bajpai Tripathy Divya , Gupta Anjali
Published: December 2020

Gemini imidazolinium surfactants fascinated the researchers and many industries towards it due to their distinct molecular structure. It belongs to the cationic surfactant group. The variation in the physicochemical properties of the gemini surfactant can be achieved by changing the characteristics in the structure. There are several applications of imidazolinium such as antistatic agents, fabric softener that makes it a demanding surfactant in detergent industries as well as in the laundry industries due to the immense number of properties like dispersibility, viscosity, desirable storage stability, emulsification, critical micelle concentration and fabric conditioning etc. This book chapter discussed about the Gemini imidazolinium surfactants and its various properties, synthesis methods and applications in various fields.
Alveolar Ridge Augmentation Techniques in Implant Dentistry
Authors: Aytekin Melike , Arisan Volkan
Published: December 2020

Implant supported restorations have become an ideal treatment alternative for the rehabilitation of edentulous sites. However alveolar bone defects due to resorption, trauma or oncologic diseases may considerably affect favorable implant positioning and prosthetic outcomes. Various alveolar ridge augmentation procedures are available to gain enough bone volume and apply the ideal treatment plan afterwards. Guided bone regeneration, ridge splitting, distraction osteogenesis, maxillary sinus augmentation and autogenous block bone grafting are main techniques which have successful outcomes in reconstruction of bone defects. It’s difficult to demonstrate that one augmentation procedure offers better outcomes than another. Studies documenting augmentation techniques seem to be comparable and state favorable results for each procedure.
Computational Analysis of Rice Transcriptomic and Genomic Datasets in Search for SNPs Involved in Flavonoid Biosynthesis
Authors: Zainal-Abidin Rabiatul-Adawiah , Mohamed-Hussein Zeti-Azura
Published: December 2020

This chapter describes the computational approach used in analyzing rice transcriptomics and genomics data to identify and annotate potential single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) as potential biomarker in the production of flavonoid. SNPs play a role in the accumulation of nutritional components (e.g. antioxidants), and flavonoid is one of them. However, the number of identified SNPs associated with flavonoid nutritional trait is still limited. We develop a knowledge-based bioinformatic workflow to search for specific SNPs and integration analysis on the SNPs and their co-expressed genes to investigate their influence on the gain/loss of functional genes that are involved in the production of flavonoids. Raw files obtained from the functional genomics studies can be analyzed in details to obtain a useful biological insight. Different tools, algorithms and databases are available to analyze the ontology, metabolic and pathway at the molecular level in order to observe the effects of gene and protein expression. The usage of different tools, algorithms and databases allows the integration, interpretation and the inference of analysis to provide better understanding of the biological meaning of the resutls. This chapter illustrates how to select and bring together several software to develop a specific bioinformatic workflow that processes and analyses omics data. The implementation of this bioinformatic workflow revealed the identification of potential flavonoid biosynthetic genes that can be used as guided-gene to screen the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the flavonoid biosynthetic genes from genome and transcriptomics data.
Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Isabel Sieiro Santos Cristiana
Published: December 2020

Patients infected with COVID-19 are at higher risk of thrombosis, suggesting an important role of COVID-19 induced coagulopathy. Abnormal coagulation parameters such as elevation in D-dimer are found in patients, with frequent thrombotic events ranging from peripheral ischemia, pulmonary thromboembolism to disseminated intravascular coagulation. Recently, the role of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 have been questioned but it remains unclear whether they contribute to coagulopathy. We aim to evaluate the presence of aPL, including LAC, aCL (IgG, IgM), aβ2GPI (IgG, IgM) in a cohort of patients with SARS-CoV-2, study clinical associations and discuss the relevance. The relevance of aPLs in patients with COVID-19 is yet to be determined. Inflammation is closely associated to thrombosis and the presence of inflammatory mediators in COVID-19 infection can lead to thrombosis. Further studies are needed before to determine the role of aPL in COVID-19 patients and their relationship with thrombosis. The presence of aPL should be carefully interpreted as it is important to evaluate the persistence of aPL positivity in patients infected with COVID-19.
A Comparative Study of Cultural Identities and Universal Nomad
Authors: Mickunas Algis ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

The essay provides arguments and the disclosure of principles which are at the base of the modern Western understanding of the world and the human role in it. The principles are ontological, i.e., the conception of nature as a sum of material, atomic parts, and metaphysical, i.e., mathematics as a basis of scientific theories and methods. The conjunction of these principles constitutes what is known as “instrumental reason,” resulting in the universal technological globalization and nomadic civilization. The latter is composed of detached, technical experts, capable of residing anywhere without any cultural or ethnic commitments. The results of their activities are a global network of technical means both for global nomadic tourism and anonymous associations without personal involvement.
In Search of Culturally-Informed Universalism
Authors: Stepukonis Aivaras ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

Humanity is moving towards a new world order, a “meta-civilization” with common values, processes, and organization, where cultural, national, and religious conflicts based on cultural differences are so easy to ignite and difficult to put out. In a world like this it is necessary to trace the origins of such differences (similarities as well), and study the conditions of their appearance. It is important to raise the awareness of the representatives of diverse civilizations and to encourage them to look for common grounds to foster intercultural understanding. With regard to the newly emerging world, philosophers do not keep aloof, they do rise from their cozy armchairs and confront the factual world where it is most problematic. “Innovative” ideas put forward today by the experts of international relations who emphasize the role of different civilizations in the global world, in fact were generated by the Honolulu movement of comparative philosophy much earlier. The members of the movement were already aware of the vital need to bring together foreign, often conflicting, civilizations and search for common intellectual footage between them. As a response to the problem they proposed the idea of a “world philosophy.” The article presents a typology of six distinguishable meanings of a “world philosophy” that were developed and circulated by the Honolulu movement of comparative philosophy, with a brief critique of each meaning.
The Organizing Power of Harmony in the Chinese Tradition of Thought
Authors: Bin Zhang , Vaitkevičius Julius ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

Early and later Confucians, known in Chinese as the “ruists” school of ancient origins, perceived the idea of “harmony” as a fundamental concept that lies at the basis of self-cultivation, society and governance. In modern times this idea still plays in one or another form a dominant note in Chinese politics and social life. The article attempts to search for causes of the significance of “harmony” by focusing on analyzing two pivotal Confucian texts compiled in the Han dynasty, namely, Records of Music [Yue ji 樂記] and Divination of Music [Yue wei 樂緯]. The analysis shows that ruists belonging to Zhou dynasty’s imperial class of music officials, gradually developed the aesthetics of music into a complex idea of "harmony" that contains the highest aesthetical way—“Dao”—which guides both the whole universe as well as the evolution of human society.
Psychoanalytical Theory in Postcolonial Discourse
Authors: Beinorius Audrius ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

This article deals with some earlier applications of psychology for the analysis of the colonial condition offered by three thinkers—Octave Mannoni, Frantz Fanon and recent applications of Freudian psychoanalytical theory in the poststructuralist approach of Homi K. Bhaba. An attempt is made to compare their standpoints and reflect more broadly on what their implications mean for the future of psychoanalysis’ place in postcolonial critique. Also to answer a vital question in the theoretical project of postcolonial studies: Is psychoanalysis a universally applicable theory for psychic disruption in the colonial context? What are differences in the application of psychological theory for studies of colonial discourse? The conclusion of the paper is: Despite the problematic inheritance of racializing thinking psychoanalysis has proved to be an important and reoccurring methodology in colonial critique and postcolonial theory. Nevertheless, it is necessary to recognize that psychoanalysis itself is a colonial discipline and must become an object of colonial discourse analysis.
Shinto as an Intrinsic Japanese Religion
Authors: Tanaka Hidemichi ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

Motoori (1730–1801) often criticized China, saying “Adashi Michi (alien way)” or “Kara Gokoro (Chinese mind).”“In China, they often say heaven’s way, heaven’s order or heaven’s reason and regard them as the most reverential and awesome things … firstly heaven is … not a thing with the mind, there cannot be such a thing as heaven’s order …” He concludes that there is no “way of nature” in China. He also mentions in his essay Tamakatsuma [Beautiful Bamboo Basket]: “We think that heaven and earth grow all things, but this is not true. It is the deed of Kami that all things grow. Heaven and earth is only the place where Kami grows all things. It is not heaven and earth that grow them.” Kami in this case seems to be different from heaven and earth, but this Kami is one with “nature” and he does not mean that Kami is above “nature.” I think that Motori resumes the essence of Shinto, comparing the thoughts of China.
Martin Heidegger’s Phenomenology of Boredom and Zen Practice
Authors: Sodeika Tomas ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

In this article, Martin Heidegger’s phenomenology of boredom is compared with some aspects of Zen practice. Heidegger is primarily interested in boredom as a “fundamental mood,” which takes us beyond the opposition of the subject and object. Thus, boredom reveals the existence more initially than those forms of cognition that are the basis of classical philosophy and special sciences. As an essential feature of the experience of boredom, Heidegger singles out that being in this state we feel that our attention is held by something in which we find nothing but emptiness. In the article, this emptiness is compared with the Buddhist concept of shunyata, and various forms of experiencing boredom are paralleled with the different types of concentration achieved in Zen practice (samadhi). Besides, the question is discussed how the Buddhist perception of emptiness corresponds to Heidegger’s “openness.”
Comparative History of Images and Transcultural Imaginary
Authors: Žukauskienė Odeta ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

This essay examines Jurgis Baltušaitis’ writings and shows its connections with the works of Henri Focillon, Aby Warburg and Athanasius Kircher. Baltušaitis oriented his interdisciplinary analyses in art history and cultural studies. The essay aims to demonstrate the complexity and importance of Baltrušaitis’ ideas that are developed in the comparative research of medieval art history, depraved perspectives, aberrations and illusions. Those works are linked by the philosophy of image and imagination that stand at the crossroads between abstractness and concreteness, myth and history, reality and illusion, rational and irrational forces, the East and West. This article tries to shape Baltrušaitis’ legacy by offering an insight into his thinking which unites various research topics, typically excluded from positivistic studies. It reveals the underlying structures of cultural imaginary in which cross-cultural interactions take place. It argues for the revaluation of his oeuvre by attending to the theoretical concerns behind his historical research program.
The Collapse Argument Reconsidered
Authors: Alaeinejad Hamid , Hajihosseini Morteza ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: December 2020

According to Beall and Restall’s logical pluralism, classical logic, relevant logic, and intuitionistic logic are all correct. On this version of logical pluralism, logic is considered to be normative, in the sense that someone who accepts the truth of the premises of a valid argument, is bound to accept the conclusion. So-called collapse arguments are designed to show the incompatibility of the simultaneous acceptance of logical pluralism and the normativity of logic. Caret, however, by proposing logical contextualism, and Blake-Turner and Russell by proposing telic pluralism, have sought to nullify the collapse problem. In the present article, after setting out these two approaches to the collapse problem, we argue that by using the concept of the ‘rationality of beliefs’ in order to frame the canonical purpose of logic, it can be demonstrated that if logical contextualism and telic pluralism are considered as philosophically significant logical pluralisms, a refined version of the collapse argument is still a threat for both of these kinds of logical pluralism.
Inferential Internalism and the Causal Status Effect
Authors: Danne Nicholas ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: December 2020

To justify inductive inference and vanquish classical skepticisms about human memory, external world realism, etc., Richard Fumerton proposes his “inferential internalism,” an epistemology whereby humans ‘see’ by Russellian acquaintance Keynesian probable relations (PRs) between propositions. PRs are a priori necessary relations of logical probability, akin to but not reducible to logical entailments, such that perceiving a PR between one’s evidence E and proposition P of unknown truth value justifies rational belief in P to an objective degree. A recent critic of inferential internalism is Alan Rhoda, who questions its psychological plausibility. Rhoda argues that in order to see necessary relations between propositions E and P, one would need acquaintance with too many propositions at once, since our evidence E is often complex. In this paper, I criticize Rhoda’s implausibility objection as too quick. Referencing the causal status effect (CSE) from psychology, I argue that some of the complex features of evidence E contribute to our type-categorizing it as E-type, and thus we do not need to ‘see’ all of the complex features when we see the PR between E and P. My argument leaves unchanged Fumerton’s justificatory role for the PR, but enhances its psychological plausibility.
Replies to Critics
Authors: Venturinha Nuno ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: December 2020

This text brings together replies to three commentaries on my Description of Situations: An Essay in Contextualist Epistemology (Springer, 2018) written by Modesto Gómez-Alonso, Anna Boncompagni and Marcin Lewiński.
Diversité ethnoculturelle dans l’enseignement postsecondaire au Canada : expériences d’acteur⋅rice⋅s et pratiques institutionnelles
Authors: Kanouté Fasal , Lafortune Gina
Published: December 2020

Le présent numéro thématique traite des enjeux de la prise en compte de la diversité ethnoculturelle dans l’enseignement postsecondaire au Canada. Il s’agit plus précisément d’analyses de l’expérience d’étudiant⋅e⋅s immigrant⋅e⋅s ou issu⋅e⋅s de l’immigration et d’étudiant⋅e⋅s internationaux⋅les, sous l’angle de la persévérance dans les études et du processus d’acculturation aux établissements de formation et à la société d’accueil. Un article du présent numéro se penche aussi sur les expériences de personnes noires d’origine africaine, gestionnaires dans l’enseignement supérieur. Les contributions analysent les expériences des acteur⋅rice⋅s à partir de diverses avenues théoriques, mettant notamment l’accent sur les processus d’acculturation et les mécanismes d’exclusion (préjugés, racisme, discrimination) ainsi que sur les théories à visées émancipatrices (antiracisme, équité, interculturalisme, multiculturalisme, etc.). Les rédactrices invitées souhaitent que les différents angles de réflexion sur la thématique indiquent des pistes d’amélioration ou de transformation des pratiques de formation et de gestion dans l’enseignement postsecondaire, pour mieux tenir compte de la diversité ethnoculturelle.
Intégration et réussite scolaire des étudiants internationaux dans une région à faible densité ethnoculturelle. Le cas des cégeps du Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean1
Authors: Bikie Bi Nguema Nadège , Gallais Benjamin , Gaudreault Marco , Arbour Nadine , Murray Nathalie
Published: December 2020

Cet article met en lumière les défis de l’intégration et de la réussite scolaire des étudiants internationaux au sein des cégeps du Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, une région à faible densité ethnoculturelle. Elle accueille ces étudiants depuis plus d’une dizaine d’années. Bien que présent, le phénomène de l’internationalisation de l’éducation dans les cégeps du Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean est très peu documenté. L’objectif principal du projet est de comprendre les défis de l’intégration et de la réussite scolaire qui jalonnent l’expérience des étudiants internationaux. Pour ce faire, 21 entrevues individuelles ont été menées auprès d’étudiants internationaux. Les résultats montrent que les étudiants ont une image généralement positive de leur cégep et de leurs enseignants. L’expérience migratoire est marquée par les différences entre le pays d’origine et le pays de migration pour études. Aux dires de ces étudiants, l’intégration n’est pas « un long fleuve tranquille ». Ils doivent faire preuve de persévérance afin de réussir leur projet d’études. Cet article apporte des contributions d’ordres pédagogique et social en mettant de l’avant l’importance du rôle des enseignants, des cégeps et de la communauté collégiale et civile dans l’intégration et la réussite scolaire des étudiants internationaux.
Leadeurship dans l’enseignement supérieur au Canada : les expériences des leadeur⋅se⋅s noir⋅e⋅s d’origine africaine
Authors: Ka Mamadou , Jacquet Marianne
Published: December 2020

L’objectif de la recherche est, dans une visée compréhensive, de documenter l’expérience de leadeurship des minorités visibles dans l’enseignement supérieur canadien, en prenant l’exemple spécifique des Africain⋅es noir⋅e⋅s, pour questionner l’ouverture à la diversité linguistique, ethnique et culturelle de l’enseignement postsecondaire canadien. L’étude a permis d’explorer les défis et les opportunités de ces leadeur⋅se⋅s noir⋅e⋅s, d’appréhender leurs parcours socioprofessionnels, de souligner les facteurs qui leur ont permis d’atteindre ces postes à responsabilités. Les résultats de la recherche ont mis en lumière le fait que les défis sont de taille pour l’université canadienne qui, en ce début de 21e siècle, peine encore à s’ouvrir à la diversité ethnique et culturelle.
L’atlas des territoires d’intérêt pour la conservation dans les basses-terres du Saint-Laurent : un outil pour orienter la conservation des milieux naturels dans le sud du Québec
Authors: Jobin Benoît , Gratton Louise , Côté Marie-Josée , Pfister Olivier , Lachance Daniel , Mingelbier Marc , Blais Daniel , Blais Andréanne , Leclair David
Published: December 2020

Comparativement au reste du Québec, les basses-terres du Saint-Laurent (BTSL) sont connues pour héberger une grande diversité biologique et de nombreuses espèces en situation précaire. C’est aussi là que se concentrent les activités anthropiques qui portent atteinte à l’intégrité des écosystèmes. Un atlas des territoires d’intérêt a été produit pour déterminer les territoires des BTSL où des actions de conservation sont requises (Jobin et collab., 2019a). Les cibles de conservation (filtre grossier) retenues sont les milieux forestiers, les milieux humides, les milieux ouverts (friches, prairies agricoles) et les milieux aquatiques. Les sites d’intérêt ont été déterminés par la sélection de ceux ayant une très haute valeur de conservation (présence d’espèces en situation précaire, d’aires protégées, etc.), puis par une analyse de priorisation multicritère. Des éléments du filtre fin sont aussi illustrés (p. ex., des frayères ou des colonies d’oiseaux). Cet article présente un survol des résultats de l’atlas des BTSL, des applications des résultats et des possibilités d’utilisation pour les acteurs actifs en conservation des milieux naturels au Québec. Puisque les données géospatiales associées aux sites d’intérêt sont disponibles, les utilisateurs peuvent les consulter pour connaître précisément l’emplacement des sites d’intérêt et adapter l’analyse de ces données à leur réalité territoriale.
Biosuivi du marais Léon-Provancher depuis sa mise en eau (1996-2016) : implications pour la conservation d’un milieu humide aménagé
Authors: Robitaille Julie , Saulnier-Talbot Émilie , Lavoie Isabelle
Published: December 2020

La création de milieux humides « artificiels » joue un rôle important pour le maintien de la biodiversité et contribue à fournir des services écosystémiques variés. En 1996, des terres en friche ont été ennoyées dans ce qui allait devenir le marais Léon-Provancher à Neuville (Québec). Afin d’évaluer l’état de l’environnement aquatique de ce marais artificiel, nous avons analysé la qualité de l’eau en 2016, et utilisé l’approche de biosuivi basé sur les assemblages de diatomées. Une analyse paléolimnologique des assemblages diatomifères provenant d’une carotte sédimentaire prélevée dans le marais a révélé une dominance de taxons benthiques préférant les eaux douces à saumâtres à pH neutre-alcalin, tolérants aux fluctuations de température de l’eau, de conductivité et d’état trophique, au cours des 20 premières années d’existence du marais. L’application de l’Indice Diatomées de l’Est du Canada (IDEC) indique que la qualité de l’eau du marais peut être qualifiée de bonne à excellente durant la période étudiée. Les changements mineurs observés dans les assemblages de diatomées depuis 1996 semblent plutôt corrélés à des variations du niveau de l’eau qu’à sa qualité. Ces conditions environnementales de référence seront utiles au suivi et à la gestion de l’écosystème du marais afin d’en assurer la conservation.