bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A cyclic lipopeptide produced by an antagonistic bacterium relies on its tail and transient receptor potential‐type Ca2+ channels to immobilize a green alga
Authors: Hou Yu , Bando Yuko , Carrasco Flores David , Hotter Vivien , Das Ritam , Schiweck Bastian , Melzer Tommy , Arndt Hans‐Dieter , Mittag Maria
Published: December 2022

The antagonistic bacterium Pseudomonas protegens secretes the cyclic lipopeptide (CLiP) orfamide A, which triggers a Ca2+ signal causing rapid deflagellation of the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

We performed chemical synthesis of orfamide A derivatives and used an aequorin reporter line to measure their Ca2+ responses. Immobilization of algae was studied using a modulator and mutants of transient receptor potential (TRP)‐type channels.

By investigating targeted synthetic orfamide A derivatives, we found that N‐terminal amino acids of the linear part and the terminal fatty acid region are important for the specificity of the Ca2+‐signal causing deflagellation. Molecular editing indicates that at least two distinct Ca2+‐signaling pathways are triggered. One is involved in deflagellation (Thr3 change, fatty acid tail shortened by 4C), whereas the other still causes an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ in the algal cells, but does not cause substantial deflagellation (Leu1 change, fatty acid hydroxylation, fatty acid changes by 2C). Using mutants, we define four TRP‐type channels that are involved in orfamide A signaling; only one (ADF1) responds additionally to low pH.

These results suggest that the linear part of the CLiP plays one major role in Ca2+ signaling, and that orfamide A uses a network of algal TRP‐type channels for deflagellation.
Two‐Year Clinical Outcomes after Arthroscopic Re‐Excision of Recurrent Dorsal Wrist Ganglion Cyst
Authors: Zheng Tong , Huang Xingjian , Yang Yong , Li Bin , Li Feng , Li Zhongzhe
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Arthroscopic excision of dorsal wrist ganglion (DWG) cysts has recently become an alternative to open surgery, with the advantage of lower recurrence. However, in recurrent cases, whether re‐excision using an arthroscopic approach would achieve favorable outcomes has not been determined. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of function evaluation and recurrence rate after arthroscopic excision of recurrent DWG cysts.

Methods

A total of 11 consecutive patients with clinically diagnosed recurrent DWG cysts were retrospectively reviewed between November 2017 and March 2020. Extensive re‐excision of the ganglion cyst and its surrounding pathological capsule was performed using an arthroscopic approach. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was routinely performed before surgery to identify the location and limits of the cyst. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 2 years. A second recurrence was recorded if a mass reappeared at the same site with a positive transillumination test. Pain during activity was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS). The active range of motion (ROM) of the wrist was measured using a goniometer, and the hand grip strength was measured using a digital dynamometer. Comparative analysis between the pre‐ and postoperative indexes was performed using Student's t‐test.

Results

After a mean follow‐up period of 29.3 months (range, 24–34 months), no second recurrence of the cyst was recorded. The VAS score improved from 1.4 to 0.3 (t = 3.833, p = 0.003), and residual pain was reported by three patients (VAS score = 1 for each). Active wrist flexion increased from 73.6° to 78.2° (t = 2.887, p = 0.016). No significant changes were found in active wrist extension or hand grip strength (p > 0.05). No major complications occurred during the study.

Conclusion

Arthroscopic excision of a recurrent DWG cyst yielded satisfactory results with no second recurrence, significant pain relief, and good wrist function at a minimum of 2‐year follow‐up. Clear identification of the location and limits of the ganglion based on preoperative MRI could be helpful to achieve complete excision and therefore prevent a second recurrence.
Multicentre observational study on multisystem inflammatory syndrome related to COVID‐19 in Argentina
Authors: Vainstein Eduardo , Baleani Silvia , Urrutia Luis , Affranchino Nicolás , Ackerman Judith , Cazalas Mariana , Goldsman Alejandro , Sardella Angela , Tolin Ana Laura , Goldaracena Pablo , Fabi Mariana , Cosentino Mariana , Magliola Ricardo , Roggiero Gustavo , Manso Paula , Triguy Jésica , Ballester Celeste , Cervetto Vanesa , Vaccarello María , De Carli Domingo Norberto , De Carli Maria Estela , Ciotti Ana Laura , Sicurello María Irene , Rios Leiva Cecilia , Villalba Claudia , Hortas María , Peña Sonia , González Gabriela , Zold Camila Lidia , Murer Mario Gustavo ,   EMSKC Group
Published: December 2022

Background

The impact of the pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 (PIMS‐TS) in low‐ and middle‐income countries remains poorly understood. Our aim was to understand the characteristics and outcomes of PIMS‐TS in Argentina.

Methods

This observational, prospective, and retrospective multicenter study enrolled patients younger than 18 years‐old manifesting PIMS‐TS, Kawasaki disease (KD) or Kawasaki shock syndrome (KSS) between March 2020 and May 2021. Patients were followed‐up until hospital discharge or death (one case). The primary outcome was pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify variables predicting PICU admission.

Results

Eighty‐one percent, 82%, and 14% of the 176 enrolled patients fulfilled the suspect case criteria for PIMS‐TS, KD, and KSS, respectively. Temporal association with SARS‐CoV‐2 was confirmed in 85% of the patients and 38% were admitted to the PICU. The more common clinical manifestations were fever, abdominal pain, rash, and conjunctival injection. Lymphopenia was more common among PICU‐admitted patients (87% vs. 51%, p < 0.0001), who also showed a lower platelet count and higher plasmatic levels of inflammatory and cardiac markers. Mitral valve insufficiency, left ventricular wall motion alterations, pericardial effusion, and coronary artery alterations were observed in 30%, 30%, 19.8%, and 18.6% of the patients, respectively. Days to initiation of treatment, rash, lymphopenia, and low platelet count were significant independent contributions to PICU admission.

Conclusion

Rates of severe outcomes of PIMS‐TS in the present study agreed with those observed in high‐income countries. Together with other published studies, this work helps clinicians to better understand this novel clinical entity.
Allocation to pediatric recipients around the world: An IPTA global survey of current pediatric solid organ transplantation deceased donation allocation practices
Authors: Hernández Benabe Stefany , Batsis Irini , Dipchand Anne I. , Marks Stephen D. , McCulloch Mignon I. , Hsu Evelyn K.
Published: December 2022

Background

There has not been a comprehensive global survey of pediatric‐deceased donor allocation practices across all organs since the advent of deceased donor transplantation at the end of the 20th century. As an international community that is responsible for transplanting children, we set out to survey the existing landscape of allocation. We aimed to summarize current practices and provide a snapshot overview of deceased donor allocation practices to children across the world.

Methods

The International Registry in Organ Donation and Transplantation (IRODAT, www.irodat.org) was utilized to generate a list of all countries in the world, divided by continent, that performed transplantation. We reviewed the published literature, published allocation policy, individual website references and associated links to publicly available listed allocation policies. Following this, we utilized tools of communication, relationships, and international fellowship to confirm deceased donation pediatric centers and survey pediatric allocation practices for liver, kidney, heart, and lung across the world. We summarize pediatric allocation practices by organ when available using source documents, and personal communication when no source documents were available.

Results

The majority of countries had either formal or informal policies directed toward minimizing organ distribution disparity among pediatric patients.

Conclusion

Children have long‐term life to gain from organ donation yet continue to die while awaiting transplantation. We summarize global strategies that have been employed to provide meaningful and sustained benefit to children on the waitlist.
International Pediatric Transplant Association (IPTA) position statement supporting prioritizing pediatric recipients for deceased donor organ allocation
Authors: Freeman Michael A. , Botha Jean , Brewer Eileen , Damian Mihaela , Ettenger Robert , Gambetta Katheryn , Lefkowitz Debra S. , Ross Lainie Friedman , Superina Riccardo , McCulloch Mignon I. , Blydt‐Hansen Tom ,   for the IPTA Ethics Committee
Published: December 2022

A position statement of the International Pediatric Transplant Association endorsing prioritizing pediatric recipients for deceased donor organ allocation, examining the key ethical arguments that serve as the foundation for that position, and making specific policy recommendations to support prioritizing pediatric recipients for deceased donor organ allocation globally.
Melioristic genealogies and Indigenous philosophies
Authors: De Cruz Helen , De Smedt Johan
Published: December 2022

According to Mary Midgley, philosophy is like plumbing: like the invisible entrails of an elaborate plumbing system, philosophical ideas respond to basic needs that are fundamental to human life. Melioristic projects in philosophy attempt to fix or reroute this plumbing. An obstacle to melioristic projects is that the sheer familiarity of the underlying philosophical ideas renders the plumbing invisible. Philosophical genealogies aim to overcome this by looking at the origins of our current concepts. We discuss philosophical concepts developed in Indigenous cultures as a source of inspiration for melioristic genealogy. Examining the philosophical concepts of these communities is useful because it gives us a better idea of the range of ethical, political, and metaphysical approaches that exist in the world. Members of western societies do not get a clear view of this range, in part because living in large groups presents its own constraints and challenges, which limit philosophical options. We argue that features of Indigenous philosophies, such as egalitarianism and care for one's natural environment, are not inevitable byproducts of Native material conditions and lifestyles, but that they are deliberate forms of conceptual engineering. We propose that comparative philosophy is an integral part of the genealogical project.
Core values for ideal civil servants: Service‐oriented, responsive and dedicated
Authors: Neo Sheeling , Grimmelikhuijsen Stephan , Tummers Lars
Published: December 2022

What do citizens want? How do citizens think public servants should behave? Although such questions seem straightforward, little is known about the values citizens expect public servants to uphold. This paper therefore identifies such values through extensive coding of qualitative data from representative samples of United States (n = 395), Dutch (n = 369), and South Korean (n = 379) citizens. Surprisingly, and contrasting to assumptions in the literature on citizen satisfaction, citizens hardly value effectiveness, efficiency, and accountability. In contrast, we found that the top three universal values that citizens desire from public servants are serviceability, responsiveness, and dedication. These values are generic across countries, age, gender, and education level. However, some values are more important in some countries than in others. These differences show the influence of a country's longstanding public administrative tradition and its current situation. Our findings challenge scholars and government officials to rethink what citizens want from their civil servants.
C.P. Pow: Our intersecting academic pathways and some of his lasting contributions
Authors: Bunnell Tim
Published: December 2022

C.P. Pow became a significant part of my own academic journey from soon after I joined the National University of Singapore (NUS) in 1999. Our academic inspirations, interests and identities overlapped, and we had opportunities to co‐teach and co‐write. I use these overlaps and collaborations as a way into reflecting on Pow's work, mainly during the period up to when he received tenure at NUS in 2011. I focus on two substantive themes. The first has to do with how and why Pow approached the landscape of Singapore beyond the visual or the ‘seen’. The second theme concerns the origins, development and consolidation of Pow's contributions to examining urban Asia in ways that unsettle Anglo‐American‐derived generalizations.
Pow Choon‐Piew's contributions to urban China studies
Authors: Qian Junxi
Published: December 2022

This commentary serves as a tribute to the late Pow, a remarkable scholar in urban geography and urban studies, summarizing his contributions to urban China studies. It aims to showcase the way in which Pow's work manoeuvred adroitly with an implicit comparative gesture—building a bridge between situated Chinese cases and wider theoretical debates in urban studies in order to enrich both domains. The essay then summarizes Pow's work in the field of urban China studies by focusing on two most emblematic topics that he delved into in great depth, i.e., gated communities and eco‐city developments. The final section develops a brief quantitative analysis of the impact that Pow's work has generated. Using the software packages CiteSpace and HistCite, I unpack how his publications are cited and used by scholars, journals, and different areas of research.
The Imperial Origins ofNation‐States: Revisiting Hannah Arendt's Genealogy of Totalitarianism1
Authors: Leanza Matthias
Published: December 2022

Against the backdrop of World War II, Hannah Arendt explores the origins of totalitarian rule, arguing that they date back to as early as the late nineteenth century. Alongside anti‐Semitism, overseas colonialism and pan‐nationalism paved the way for the totalitarian regimes that crystallized a few decades later by weakening the system of nation‐states from within. Using the example of Germany, I will argue in this article that we need to revise Arendt's narrative. It focuses too narrowly on how nationalism turned into its categorical opposite, imperialism, neglecting the complementary dynamics of how empire facilitated the nation‐state. Only then can we acknowledge the deep rupture that World War I brought about when it created in its wake a dynamic that culminated in the destruction of European nation‐states.
Global Surpluses of Extraction and Slow Climate Violence: A Sociological Framework
Authors: O'Sullivan Aidan , Omukuti Jessica , Ryder Stacia S.
Published: December 2022

This review article examines the concept of slow violence in relation to the current climate collapse. It outlines the extractive relationship between states in the Global North and Global South, and explores how this relationship creates and sustains disproportionate climate violence for the Global South. It critiques proposed adaptation and mitigation solutions for the Global South that emphasize market‐led proposals and a return on investments that mostly benefit the Global North. It argues that these proposals fail to critically engage with the root causes of vulnerability to climate change and Greenhouse Gas emissions that cause climate change. The review uses World Systems Theory to analyze the power differentials between South and North, and concepts such as the “Color Line,” “Necropolitics,” and “Slow Violence” to underline the post‐colonial character of this relationship. These provide historical context to the current hegemonic role of the Global North in carbon emission negotiations and responses. In doing so, the article highlights the need to think about climate change, and solutions to climate change, as a driver of slow violence and surplus climate violence by the Global North against the Global South.
The system is broken: Can we have some more?
Authors: Lee Kyung Suk , Goidel Kirby , Young Clifford
Published: December 2022

Objective

In this article, we explore how populist beliefs and related attitudes (nativism and system‐level discontent) are associated with support for government spending across a wide range of countries and spending categories.

Method

Using cross‐sectional survey data spanning 18 democratic countries, we test how each of these constructs affects support for government spending on education, healthcare, social welfare, and job creation, and how that support is affected by explicit tradeoffs between spending increases, taxation, and public debt.

Results

Populism and system‐level discontent are associated with support for increased government spending, while nativism is associated with opposition to government spending.

Conclusions

This creates an inherent and perhaps intractable tension within right‐wing populist movements. The nativist sentiments that animate right‐wing populist movements work to undermine support for redistributive spending.
The deep radiomic analytics pipeline
Authors: Currie Geoff , Rohren Eric
Published: December 2022

Radiomics refers to the process of extracting useful imaging features from radiological data. Conventional radiomics like standard uptake value, intensity histograms, or phase images involve hand‐crafted (manual) or automated regions of interest (computer generated), however, artificial intelligence (AI) segmentation (AI‐augmented radiomics) has recently emerged. Radiomic feature extraction extends image insights beyond simply data quantitation and provides additional insights to aid semantic reporting. Deeper layers of a convolutional neural network produce more abstract radiomic features that are referred to as deep radiomics. The application of radiomics in veterinary radiology is already firmly entrenched using hand‐crafted and automated computer‐generated radiomic features in X‐ray, nuclear medicine, CT, ultrasound, and MRI. There is an opportunity for veterinary radiology to capitalize on advances in AI, machine learning, and deep learning to enrich imaging interpretation using deep radiomic feature extraction. This manuscript aims to provide a general understanding of radiomics and deep radiomics, and to arm readers with the vernacular to progress discussion and development of deep radiomics in veterinary imaging.
Ecological determinants and risk areas of Striga hermonthica infestation in western Kenya under changing climate
Authors: Kimathi Emily , Abdel‐Rahman Elfatih M. , Lukhoba Catherine , Ndambi Asaah , Mudereri Bester Tawona , Niassy Saliou , Tonnang Henri E. Z. , Landmann Tobias
Published: December 2022

Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth is a parasitic weed that is damaging major cereal crops in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). Although Striga is recognised as an agricultural scourge, there is limited information available indicating the extent of its growth and spread as impacted by the changing climate in Kenya. This study investigated the impact of current climate conditions and projected future (2050) climate change on the infestation of Striga hermonthica in the western Kenya region. Specifically, the study aimed to predict Striga hermonthica habitat suitability in five counties in the western Kenya region through using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model and bioclimatic, soil, topographic and land use, and land cover (LULC) variables. Striga hermonthica geolocations were collected and collated and ecological niche models were developed to determine the habitat suitability. The results showed that approximately 1767 km2 (10% of the total study area) is currently highly suitable for Striga hermonthica occurrence. The future projections showed a range between 2106 km2 (19% of the total study area) and 2712 km2 (53% of the total study area) at the minimum carbon (RCP 2.6) and the maximum carbon emission scenarios (RCP 8.5) respectively. Elevation, annual precipitation, LULC, temperature seasonality and soil type were determined to be the most influential ecological predictor variables for Striga hermonthica establishment. The study revealed the importance of using climate, soil, topographic and LULC variables when evaluating agricultural production constraints such as Striga's prevalence. The methodology used in this study should be tested in other Striga affected areas.
Assessment of Dynamic Photovoltaic Shading Systems on Energy Performance of Commercial Buildings
Authors: Alwelayti Dana , Dehwah Ammar H. A. , Krarti Moncef
Published: December 2022

In this paper, the energy benefits of dynamic photovoltaic (PV)-integrated overhang systems are evaluated for office buildings. The benefits of dynamic PV-integrated overhangs combined energy efficiency by decreasing both heating and cooling energy demand and on-site renewable power generation by deploying tracking PV panels. The energy performance of dynamic PV-integrated overhangs is considered for various design and operation conditions. Specifically, the impacts of various design features are considered such as overhang depth, window size, glazing type, and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system type. Moreover, the effects of operating conditions are assessed including the location of the building and the control strategy of the dynamic PV-integrated systems such as load-tracking, demand-tracking, and PV-tracking. The results of the various analyses indicate that the heating and cooling energy demands of the dynamic overhangs are mostly affected by the window glazing type and window overhang depths. The analysis shows that the use of demand-tracking maximizes the energy performance of the dynamic PV-integrated overhangs when deployed to US office buildings.
Highly Accurate Wavelet Solution for Bending and Free Vibration of Circular Plates Over Extra-Wide Ranges of Deflections
Authors: Liu Xiaojing , Zhou Youhe , Wang Jizeng
Published: December 2022

The wavelet multiresolution interpolation Galerkin method in which both the unknown functions and nonlinear terms are approximated by their respective projections onto the same wavelet space is utilized to implement the spatial discretization of the highly coupled and nonlinear Von Karman equation for thin circular plates with various types of boundary conditions and external loads. Newton’s method and the assumption of a single harmonic response are then used for solving the static bending and free vibration problems, respectively. Highly accurate wavelet solutions for an extremely wide range of deflections are finally obtained by the proposed method. These results for moderately large deflections are in good agreement with existing solutions. Meanwhile, the other results for larger deflections are rarely achieved by using other methods. Comparative studies also demonstrate that the present wavelet method has higher accuracy and lower computational cost than many existing methods for solving geometrically nonlinear problems of thin circular plates. Moreover, the solutions for large deflection problems with concentrated load support the satisfactory capacity for handling singularity of the proposed wavelet method. In addition, a trivial initial guess, such as zero, can always lead to a convergent solution in very few iterations, even when the deflection is as large as over 46 times thickness of plate, showing an excellent convergence and stability of the present wavelet method in solving highly nonlinear problems.
Numerical modeling of the impacts of acoustic stimulus on fish otoliths from two directions
Authors: Wei Chong , McCauley Robert D.
Published: December 2022

Previous experiments have shown (1) evidence that exposure to high-intensity sounds (e.g., air-gun signals) may cause damage to the sensory hair cells of the fish ears and impair fish hearing and (2) evidence that in some circumstances such exposures cause minimal structural damage. The contradictory results regarding the damage accrued suggested that the angle of sound energy arrivals at the fish ears may play a part in the propensity of the sound to cause damage to sensory hair cells. To further study this and gain insight into specific details of the differential motion of the otolith relative to the sensory macula when incident sounds arrive from different directions, three-dimensional finite element models were constructed based on the micro-computed tomography imaging of the sagittal otoliths of the bight redfish (Centroberyx gerrardi). We used the models to study the response of fish sagittal otoliths to sounds arriving from horizontal and vertical directions. Sound pressure levels, relative displacement, acceleration, and shear stress of the otoliths and/or otolith-water boundary were calculated and compared. The results suggest that the angle of sound energy arrivals at the otoliths and the geometry of the otolith lead to different magnitudes of the differential motion between the macula and otoliths, with sound arriving in the vertical potentially creating more damage than the same sound arriving from the horizontal.
Varicella Vaccine: a Molecular Variant That May Contribute to Attenuation
Authors: Gershon Anne A. , Gershon Michael D.
Published: December 2022

Varicella was troublesome when varicella vaccine (vOka) was licensed in the United States. Varicella’s yearly death toll was ~100, indirect costs were massive, and varicella threatened immunocompromised children.
Genome Sequence of Subcluster L3 Mycobacterium smegmatis mc
2
155 Phage DuncansLeg
Authors: Cevasco Megan , Burbage Kaitlynn , Hadwin Connor , Hibionada Edenborough , Presnell Kirsten , Williams Daniel
Published: December 2022

Bacteriophage DuncansLeg is a siphovirius isolated in 2021 from soil on the Coastal Carolina University campus in Conway, South Carolina, using the host
Mycobacterium smegmatis
mc
2
155. DuncansLeg has a 75,593-bp circular genome that contains 126 predicted protein-coding genes and 10 tRNA genes. DuncansLeg is assigned to actinobacteriophage cluster L3.
Supplemental Material: Magmatic records of subduction and closure of the Meso-Tethys Ocean in the northern-central Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhai Qing-guo , et al.
Published: December 2022

Supplemental text and Tables S1–S6.
Decussating axons segregate within the anterior core of the primate optic chiasm
Authors: Horton Jonathan C , Dilbeck Mikayla D , Economides John R
Published: December 2022

Background

The axons of ganglion cells in the nasal retina decussate at the optic chiasm. It is unclear why tumours cause more injury to crossing nasal fibres, thereby giving rise to temporal visual field loss in each eye. To address this issue, the course of fibres through the optic chiasm was examined following injection of a different fluorescent tracer into each eye of a monkey.

Methods

Under general anaesthesia, cholera toxin subunit B—Alexa Fluor 488 was injected into the right eye and cholera toxin subunit B—Alexa Fluor 594 was injected into the left eye of a single normal adult male rhesus monkey. After a week’s survival for anterograde transport, serial coronal sections through the primary optic pathway were examined.

Results

A zone within the core of the anterior and mid portions of the optic chiasm was comprised entirely of crossing fibres. This zone of decussation was delineated by segregated, interwoven sheets of green (right eye) and red (left eye) fibres. It expanded steadily to fill more of the optic chiasm as fibres coursed posteriorly towards the optic tracts. Eventually, crossed fibres became completely intermingled with uncrossed fibres, so that ocular separation was lost.

Conclusions

A distinct, central compartment located within the anterior two-thirds of the optic chiasm contains only crossing fibres. Sellar tumours focus their compressive force on this portion of the structure, explaining why they so often produce visual field loss in the temporal fields.
Association between the level of partial foot amputation and gait: a scoping review with implications for the minimum impairment criteria for wheelchair tennis
Authors: de Oliveira Fábio Carlos Lucas , Williamson Samuel , Ardern Clare L , Fagher Kristina , Heron Neil , Janse van Rensburg Dina Christina (Christa) , Jansen Marleen G T , Kolman Nikki , O'Connor Sean Richard , Saueressig Tobias , Schoonmade Linda , Thornton Jane S , Webborn Nick , Pluim Babette M
Published: December 2022

Objective

This scoping review examines how different levels and types of partial foot amputation affect gait and explores how these findings may affect the minimal impairment criteria for wheelchair tennis.

Methods

Four databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus) were systematically searched in February 2021 for terms related to partial foot amputation and ambulation. The search was updated in February 2022. All study designs investigating gait-related outcomes in individuals with partial foot amputation were included and independently screened by two reviewers based on Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews.

Results

Twenty-nine publications with data from 252 participants with partial foot amputation in 25 studies were analysed. Toe amputations were associated with minor gait abnormalities, and great toe amputations caused loss of push-off in a forward and lateral direction. Metatarsophalangeal amputations were associated with loss of stability and decreased gait speed. Ray amputations were associated with decreased gait speed and reduced lower extremity range of motion. Transmetatarsal amputations and more proximal amputations were associated with abnormal gait, substantial loss of power generation across the ankle and impaired mobility.

Conclusions

Partial foot amputation was associated with various gait changes, depending on the type of amputation. Different levels and types of foot amputation are likely to affect tennis performance. We recommend including first ray, transmetatarsal, Chopart and Lisfranc amputations in the minimum impairment criteria, excluding toe amputations (digits two to five), and we are unsure whether to include or exclude great toe, ray (two to five) and metatarsophalangeal amputations.

Trial registration

The protocol of this scoping review was previously registered at the Open Science Framework Registry (https://osf.io/8gh9y) and published.
Epidemiology of MRI-detected muscle injury in athletes participating in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games
Authors: Katagiri Hiroki , Forster Bruce B , Engebretsen Lars , An Jae-Sung , Adachi Takuya , Saida Yukihisa , Onishi Kentaro , Koga Hideyuki
Published: December 2022

Objective

Muscle injury is one of the most common injuries occurring at the Olympic Games often with devastating consequences. Epidemiological injury surveillance is recognised by the IOC as essential for injury prevention and management. We aimed to describe the incidence, anatomical location and classification of MRI-detected muscle injuries in athletes who participated in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games.

Methods

Two board-certified orthopaedic surgeons, highly experienced in reviewing MRIs, independently and retrospectively reviewed all MRIs collected at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games from clinical reports generated by board-certified musculoskeletal radiologists at the IOC Polyclinic. The presence and anatomical site of muscle injuries were classified as: type a: myofascial/peripheral; type b: muscle belly or musculotendinous junction; and type c: injury which extends into the tendon, with reference to the British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification.

Results

Fifty-nine MRI-detected muscle injuries were seen in 40 male and 19 female athletes. 24 athletes (41%) were unable to fully compete in their event. Fifty-two injuries (88%) involved lower extremity muscles with hamstring muscle injuries most common (32 of 59, 54%). Half of all muscle injuries occurred in athletes participating in athletics (30 of 59, 51%). 21 athletes (35%) sustained type a injuries, 14 athletes (24%) type b injuries and 24 athletes (41%) type c injuries. Of athletes with type c injuries, 18 (75%) did not complete their competition, a rate significantly higher than types a and b (OR 14.50, 95% CI 4.0 to 51.9, p<0.001).

Conclusion

For athletes sustaining muscle injuries during the Olympic Games, our study demonstrates the prognostic relevance of muscle injury anatomical site and severity for predicting completion or non-completion of an Olympic athlete’s competition.
Association between mild cognitive impairment and falls among Chinese older adults: the mediating roles of balance capacity and depressive symptoms
Authors: Liang Hang , Yue Zhang , Liu Yimin , Yan Ziju , Wang Boyu , Xiang Nan , Liu Erpeng
Published: December 2022

Background

This study aimed to examine the association between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and the follow-up risk of falls among Chinese older adults, exploring the mediating roles of balance capacity and depressive symptoms in the association between MCI and falls.

Methods

A total of 5482 adults aged 60 years and above from waves 2015 and 2018 of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were included for analysis. Cognition was assessed by a global cognition score, which included three tests: episodic memory, figure drawing and Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between MCI and falls. Mediation analysis was employed to explore the potential mediating roles of balance capacity and depressive symptoms in the association between MCI and falls.

Results

MCI was significantly associated with the risk of falls (OR 1.259, 95% CI 1.080 to 1.467). Balance capacity and depressive symptoms played parallel mediating roles in the association between MCI and falls, and the mediating effects were 0.004 (95% CI 0.003 to 0.024) and 0.010 (95% CI 0.004 to 0.016), respectively.

Conclusions

It is necessary to screen for and recognise MCI in order to prevent falls among older adults. More efforts should be made to improve balance capacity and relieve depressive symptoms to reduce the risk of falls among older adults with MCI.
GSK126 an inhibitor of epigenetic regulator EZH2 suppresses cardiac fibrosis by regulating theEZH2-PAX6-CXCL10pathway
Authors: Aziz Shireen , Yalan Li , Raza Muhammad Ahmer , Lemin Jiao , Akram Hafiz Muhamamd Bilal , Zhao Wen
Published: December 2022

Myocardial fibrosis is a common pathological companion of various cardiovascular diseases. To date, the role of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in cancer has been well demonstrated including in renal carcinoma and its inhibitors have entered the stage of phase I/II clinical trials. However, the precise mechanism of EZH2 in cardiac diseases is largely unclear. In the current study, we first found that EZH2 expression was increased in Ang-II-treated cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and mouse heart homogenates following isoproterenol (ISO) administration for 21 days, respectively. Ang-II induces CFs activation and increased collagen-I, collagen-III, α-SMA, EZH2, and trimethylates lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27me3) expressions can be reversed by EZH2 inhibitor (GSK126) and EZH2 siRNA. The ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis in vivo which were also related to the upregulation of EZH2 and its downstream target, H3K27me3, could be recovered by GSK126. Furthermore, the upregulation of EZH2 induces the decrease of paired box 6 (PAX6) and C-X-C motif ligand 10 (CXCL10) “which” were also reversed by GSK126 treatment. In summary, the present evidence strongly suggests that GSK126 could be a therapeutic intervention, blunting the development and progression of myocardial fibrosis in an EZH2-PAX6-CXCL10-dependent manner.
Goos–Hänchen shift and pulse widening from intermodal dispersion of step-index multimode fiber
Authors: Zhang Yaoju , Qin Chaofei , Yu Qiong , Chen Xinyi , Zhang Bo , Pei Bingnan
Published: December 2022

The pulse widening in fiber communications causes a significant restriction of bit rate. The intermodal dispersion occurs not only in grade-index multimode fibers but also in the two-core single-mode fiber. The Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift is not considered in the conventional analysis based on geometric optics. The GH shift is calculated in the step-index fiber in this paper. The analytic expression is derived for calculating the pulse widening from intermodal dispersion in the multimode fiber. The analytic and numerical results show that GH shift has an important effect on the intermodal dispersion. The positive GH shift can decrease the pulse widening. The maximum transmission distance of a multimode fiber can be greatly increased when light propagates near the maximum critical propagation angle.
Proton-beam driver transport in the fast ignition of proton–boron-11 fuel plasma
Authors: Mahdavi Mohammad , Bakhtiyari Majid , Najafi Alireza
Published: December 2022

The invention of Chirped Pulse Amplification lasers along with the development of fast ignition methods have made fuels such as proton–boron-11 seem promising nuclear fusion energy sources because of their lack of high-energy neutrons and abundance of constituent isotopes. This paper investigates the transport of charged particles in proton–boron-11 fuel. In this study, the confinement parameter has been estimated as [Formula: see text] g/cm2 with the help of a proton driver in the fast ignition method for proton–boron-11 fuel pellets, with a ratio of boron-11 to proton [Formula: see text]. Subsequently, using the Li–Petrasso stopping-power model, the energy deposition coefficients of the accelerated proton-beam driver were calculated by the Target Normal Sheath Acceleration method with 1 MeV energy. The obtained results show that at a temperature of about 65 keV, the proton-beam driver with 1 MeV energy deposits about 85% of its energy in the hot spot area of 2.5 [Formula: see text]m depth from the surface of the fuel pellet to ignite the proton–boron-11 fuel pellet.
Eccentric Fermat distance sum on a class of substitution networks
Authors: Cui Keqin , Chen Chen , Ma Ying , Xi Lifeng
Published: December 2022

We construct a kind of substitution networks and investigate their eccentric Fermat distance sum. In terms of some singular integrals, we solve the integral using the approach of finite pattern, and gain their asymptotic formula on eccentric Fermat distance sum.
Transient electromagnetohydrodynamic Nanofluid flow traveling through a moving Riga plate subject to radiation and heat absorption
Authors: Asogwa Kanayo Kenneth , Prasad K. C. Rajendra , Kumar Raman , Murtugudde Gururaj , Gowda R. J. Punith
Published: December 2022

There are several regularly reported applications for the dispersion of nanoparticles in a conventional fluid along a vertical wall in clinical medicine, architecture and agriculture fields. On the other hand, it still has not been reported the effect of electromagnetohydrodynamic convective flow of nanofluid through a radiating, moving Riga plate with heat absorption. As a result, this paper examines a water-based nanofluid comprising copper and aluminum oxide along a moving Riga plate, taking into cognizance [Formula: see text] (stationary Riga plate) [Formula: see text] (moving Riga plate). The Laplace transform technique is used to solve the ODEs obtained after employing the similarity variables on the governing equations. The effect of various variables on the shear stress coefficient, Nusselt number, velocity and temperature distribution is explored and graphically shown. Driven by the electromagnetic force effect, the increased modified Hartmann number and radiative impact increase copper nanofluid over aluminum oxide nanofluid on the moving plate. Simultaneously, heat absorption favors a modest decrease in aluminum oxide nanofluid’s thermal and velocity fields over copper nanofluid.
Significance of Buongiorno’s model on viscoelastic MHD flow over a heated lubricated surface subject to Joule heating
Authors: Sarfraz Mahnoor , Khan Masood , Ullah Malik Zaka , Abuzaid Dina
Published: December 2022

Lubrication theory has attained attention lately due to its practical applications, such as the formation of thin films, adhesives, and lubrication of components of machines. Jeffrey’s nanofluid flow over the stagnation region past a power-law lubricated surface is presented in this study. Buongiorno’s model is employed to scrutinize the effects of thermophoresis and Brownian motion phenomena with constant wall and prescribed surface temperature (PST) and effects of heat source/sink, chemical reaction, and Joule heating. Due to the continuity of shear stress of fluid-lubricant and velocity at the interface, interfacial conditions are generated. By similarity conversions, ordinary differential equations are obtained and their solutions are computed numerically. For power-law index equaling [Formula: see text], local similarity solutions are calculated by adopting a finite difference scheme, viz. bvp4c in MATLAB. The energy profiles for constant and prescribed temperatures are monitored. The effects of pertinent parameters on the flow, thermal, and mass distributions are scrutinized and illustrated in graphs. Flow field decreases significantly by raising slip parameter as the aptitude of power-law lubricant to improve the velocity of the bulk fluid. The numerical comparison of wall stress and Nusselt number is also presented. The slip and Jeffrey’s material parameters raise the numerical outcomes of the wall shear stress. In addition, increment in Prandtl number enhances the numerical value of the Nusselt number; however, it reduces for relaxation-to-retardation times ratio.
Psybrackets, pseudoknots and singular knots
Authors: Jeong Suhyeon , Kim Jieon , Nelson Sam
Published: December 2022

We introduce algebraic structures known as psybrackets and use them to define invariants of pseudoknots and singular knots and links. Psybrackets are Niebrzydowski tribrackets with additional structure inspired by the Reidemeister moves for pseudoknots and singular knots. Examples and computations are provided.
DYNAMIC FACIAL ANALYSIS BY COMMON SPACE VARIATIONAL RECURRENT DEEP EMBEDDING
Authors: YUAN YUN , ZHU HONGPENG
Published: December 2022

In human–machine interaction, non-verbal communication through the recognition of facial expressions is a process that operates on a time scale of the order of milliseconds, bringing a new dimension to how machines can affect modern social life. The ambiguity at this time scale is significant, necessitating that humans and machines rely on rich cognitive abilities rather than slow symbolic conclusions, making it necessary for humans and machines to rely on rich perceptual skills rather than sluggish figurative conclusions, especially in critical applications such as elderly care and supportive procedures for people with mobility or communication problems. This research field includes interdisciplinary contributions and specialized support from cognitive areas of psychology, sociology, linguistics, industrial design, and informatics. This paper presents an innovative emotion recognition system through dynamic facial analysis for optimal decision-making in non-verbal communication. It is an innovative model of artificial vision, for the recognition of emotions in the human–machine interaction, combining the look and the basic facial expressions of a person. This approach implements and proposes for the first time in the literature the application of a Common Space Variational Recurrent Deep Embedding (CSVRdE) intelligent learning system. The suggested technique simplifies the process of training customized extraction functions for appropriate image transformations in complicated neural network architectures, resulting in increased learning consistency, superior prediction reliability, and outstanding classification efficiency. Specifically, the suggested technique produces extremely accurate findings without reoccurring difficulties of unknown origin since all characteristics in the dataset are effectively managed.
ON INVERSE ITERATION PROCESS FOR FINDING ALL ROOTS OF NONLINEAR EQUATIONS WITH APPLICATIONS
Authors: SHAMS MUDASSIR , RAFIQ NAILA , KAUSAR NASREEN , AGARWAL PRAVEEN , MIR NAZIR AHMAD , EL-KANJ NASSER
Published: December 2022

In this work, we construct a new family of inverse iterative numerical technique for extracting all roots of nonlinear equation simultaneously. Convergence analysis verifies that the proposed family of methods has local 10th-order convergence. Among the test models investigated are blood rheology, a fractional nonlinear equation model, fluid permeability in biogels, and beam localization models. In comparison to other methods, the family of inverse simultaneous iterative techniques gets initial estimations to exact roots within a given tolerance while using less function evaluations in each iterative step. Numerical results, basins of attraction for fractional nonlinear equation, residual graphs are presented in detail for the simultaneous iterative techniques. The newly developed simultaneous iterative techniques were thoroughly investigated and proven to be efficient, robust, and authentic in their domain.
PERMEABILITY PREDICTION OF TIGHT CONGLOMERATES BY INTEGRATING FRACTAL CHARACTERISTICS AND SEISMIC MEME INVERSION: A CASE STUDY FROM THE TRIASSIC BAIKOUQUAN FORMATION, JUNGGAR BASIN, WESTERN CHINA
Authors: YU ZHICHAO , WANG ZHIZHANG , LIN WEI , WANG JIE
Published: December 2022

The TERRESTRIAL lacustrine fan delta conglomerate reservoirs in the Triassic Baikouquan Formation have been found as the major targets of hydrocarbon exploration in the Mahu sag, Junggar Basin, Western China. However, conglomerate petroleum reservoirs typically occupy lower permeability than sandstone reservoirs thereby determining effective permeability is critical in the reservoir characterization and modeling of conglomerate reservoirs. To investigate fractal features and better predict the permeability of the Baikouquan tight oil reservoir, integrated methods were employed, consisting of petrography, mercury intrusion capillary pressure (MICP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wireline, measured petrophysical properties, and seismic meme inversion. The results showed that pore types consist of microfractures, intercrystal micropores, residual intergranular pores, and dissolution pores. The fractal dimension (Fd) of the reservoir ranged from 2.15 to 2.66 with 2.46 on average. An innovative conglomerate reservoir permeability prediction model is proposed based on Fd and Kozeny–Carman equation, predicting the spatial distribution of permeability. The permeability of wells in the study was predicted with an average absolute error of 0.03 mD. Consequently, field application demonstrates that the permeability distribution combining the permeability prediction model and seismic meme inversion matches well with the measured permeability in the Baikouquan Formation. The essence of this study is that we present a method that is both scientific and effective to predict permeability with a series of data considering the fractal characteristic of the complex reservoir pore system. This promotes a deeper understanding between reservoir permeability and its fractal nature.