bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extratos vegetais com potencial para o controle da mosca branca (bemisia tabaci genn)
Authors: Soares Thayanne Nicolly de Araújo , Santos Carlos Alberto Batista
Published: December 2021

A mosca branca, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, 1889 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), é uma das pragas mais conhecidas no mundo e está presente em quase todas as regiões agrícolas, constituindo um sério problema para culturas de grande importância econômica. A utilização de extratos vegetais é uma alternativa, que pode ganhar espaço na ciência agronômica como uma opção diferenciada e promissora para o manejo integrado em proteção de plantas, que associado a outras práticas pode contribuir para a redução de doses e aplicações de inseticidas químicos sintéticos. Diante do exposto, esse trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento dos estudos que demonstram o potencial dos extratos vegetais como alternativa ao controle químico da mosca branca (Bemisia tabaci) nos cultivos agrícolas, possibilitando garantir uma produção livre de produtos químico, consequentemente ambientalmente sustentável. Para a presente pesquisa utilizou-se a metodologia de Revisão Bibliográfica Sistemática Qualitativa proposta por Botelho, Cunha e Macedo (2011), onde demonstra que os extratos vegetais são uma alternativa de controle no manejo de insetos-praga na agricultura.
Roteiro de elaboração de projetos sustentáveis para residências unifamiliares
Authors: Lemos Guilherme Matheus Coelho de , Diniz Paulo Augusto , Bandeira Rosinete Fernandes , Silva Alecricia Barros , Abreu Ana Luiza Duarte de , Valverde Francislainy Teles Almeida
Published: December 2021

Os altos padrões de consumo observados na atualidade mostram-se predatórios e acabam produzindo novos problemas globais. Questões relacionadas à preservação ambiental e ao uso consciente de recursos naturais têm impulsionado o aumento de práticas sustentáveis. Pensando nisso, o presente artigo apresenta um roteiro pedagógico para o dimensionamento de projetos de sistema de aproveitamento da água da chuva e de energia solar para residências unifamiliares, a fim de torná-las mais sustentáveis possível, isto é, a casa ser capaz de produzir, na sua totalidade ou em parte, os seus principais insumos: água, energia térmica e elétrica. O dimensionamento desses sistemas é feito a partir do entendimento físico e matemático dos fenômenos ali desenvolvidos e apoiado nas recomendações da normalização técnica pertinente, cujas variáveis ambientais precipitação e irradiação solar são as fontes que alimentam esses sistemas. A análise de abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa fundamentou-se na modelagem matemática para auxiliar na avaliação econômica sob a ótica de investimento. Dessa forma, pretende-se diminuir a dependência dos serviços prestados pelas concessionárias de abastecimento de água e de energia elétrica, sensibilizar a população acerca da importância de preservar os recursos naturais e do uso de novas soluções individuais, bem como avaliar os mecanismos econômicos que incentivam a disseminação de projetos sustentáveis em residências unifamiliares.
A problemática dos resíduos sólidos e ações de conservação na praia de Búzios, Rio Grande do Norte: um estudo sobre a percepção ambiental da comunidade local e frequentadores
Authors: Santos Simony Souza , Silva Clécio Danilo Dias da , Almeida Lúcia Maria de , Souza Priscila Daniele Fernandes Bezerra
Published: December 2021

Considerando a relevância das zonas costeiras para atividades humanas e a necessidade de conservação desses espaços, diversos trabalhos têm sido desenvolvidos buscando compreender a Percepção Ambiental (PA) dos frequentadores sobre a relação do homem com o ambiente marinho e a relevância da sua conservação. Desta forma, sabendo que as praias se constituem espaços de lazer, estes se tornam ambientes bastante impactados em virtude da presença humana e o consumo na região, é importante analisar como o homem vê esse ambiente e como interfere nele, para que assim, possam ser apresentadas medidas que minimizem esses impactos. Nesta perspectiva, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a Percepção de frequentadores da praia de Búzios, Nísia floresta, RN, acerca da problemática dos resíduos sólidos, bem como, traçar um perfil dos banhistas, e, realizar um levantamento de ações de conservação. A presente pesquisa apresenta uma abordagem quali-quantitativa e exploratória, com procedimentos direcionados a levantamento de dados e análise de conteúdo. Os resultados obtidos a partir das entrevistas possibilitou identificar tendências diversas sobre a percepção dos frequentadores a respeito da praia de Búzios e seu ambiente físico. A pesquisa possibilitou discutir a relação do homem com a natureza a partir da perspectiva do próprio homem. Dessa forma, evidencia-se a necessidade de estudos que possibilitem a implementação de políticas públicas que subsidiem uma melhor orientação e fiscalização nas praias urbanas.
Conceitos de ecologia aplicada: biodiversidade e gestão de interferências ambientais
Authors: Aguiar Lais Alencar de , Almeida Josimar Ribeiro de , Silva Cleber Vinicius Vitorio da , Lenz Elenice Rachid da Silva
Published: December 2021

A razão para conservar a biodiversidade depende do valor que damos às espécies individuais. Este valor surge de muitas considerações relativas ao nosso próprio interesse e envolvimento. Para muitas pessoas, a extinção levanta uma questão moral. Alguns tomam essa posição porque se a espécie humana afeta toda a natureza, é nossa responsabilidade moral protegê-la. Se a moralidade origina-se de uma lei natural - isto é, se a moralidade é intrínseca à vida propriamente dita -, então podemos presumir que aos direitos dos indivíduos e espécies não humanos são tão legítimos quanto os dos indivíduos da sociedade humana.
Religious Challenges to Anti-Discrimination Law: The Mobilization of the “Minority Label”
Authors: Brière-Godbout Léa , Plante Marie-Andrée
Published: December 2021

In 2018, the American and Canadian supreme courts released two high-profile decisions: the case of a Christian baker from Colorado who refused to create a cake for the celebration of a same-sex couple’s union, and the case of an evangelical Christian law school in British Columbia whose code of conduct prohibiting same-sex intimacy led to accreditation refusals by three provincial law societies. In both cases, religious believers argued that modern LGBTQ2+ anti-discrimination protections required them to act in ways that proved incompatible with their religious beliefs. While such “conflict of rights” are familiar to liberal democracies, this article demonstrates how these cases operate within a new paradigm in which religious actors, seeking exemptions from legal protections accorded to a vulnerable minority, claim minority status for themselves. Hoping to have their policy agenda seen in a new light, such opponents of LGBTQ2+ rights have replaced their discourse defending traditional mores with one arguing that the broadly cherished value of pluralism guarantees them a religious right to “dissent” from anti-discrimination protections. We dub this discursive process the mobilization of the “minority label.”

In this article, we retrace the emergence of this new discourse by turning to the narratives crafted by parties, courts, and media in the two cases. We discuss the three main argumentative strategies through which the minority label manifests in discourses: language framing, moral symmetry arguments, and respectability claims.

We then offer a comparative analysis which explores the different ways both courts reacted to this discourse. We conclude with a brief discussion of some of the long-term risks that the rise of such a discourse implies for LGBTQ2+ rights.
TEXTURAL AND CATALYTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF DECATIONIZED MORDENITE AND ZSM-5 ZEOLITE
Authors: Penavin Škundrić Jelena , Škundric Branko , Petrović Rada , Lazić Dragica , Levi Zora , Čegar Nedeljko
Published: December 2021

The textural characteristics of acid forms of mordenite and ZSM-5 zeolite (HM and HZSM-5) were described based on the experiments of adsorption of nitrogen at 77 K in a specially constructed apparatus. The specific surface (SP) of catalysts was determined by applying BET-equation (SPBET), Langmuir adsorption isotherm (SPLANG) and t-method. The „t-method” was used to determine the outer specific surface (SPextt) and the volume of micropores (Vμpt) of zeolite. The volume of micropores (VμpDR) was additionally determined also based on Dubinin-Radushkevich method. The reactions of diethyl ether dehydration in the temperature interval from 400 to 480 K got sped up in time on both zeolites (HM and HZSM-5) and did not fully follow the kinetics of the first order reaction. The initial period registered by the experiment (increase of reaction rate in time) is interpreted by the slow reaction of water occurrence in the reaction of dehydration, which is necessary for the occurrence of Brönsted acid centers, where diethyl ether dehydration takes place. Now the overall rate of the dehydration reaction is determined by the rate of water occurrence. When there is a sufficient number of acid centers, the rate of diethyl ether dehydration is determined by the surface reaction and the „initial period“ gradually disappears. In the reaction of diethyl ether dehydration on HZSM-5 catalyst, the reaction is slower, even water (which is a product of dehydration) occurs more slowly, and therefore in the observed temperature interval the reaction was not transferred to the first order reaction. By the adsorption of diethyl ether from gas phase on HM and HZSM-5 zeolite at 300 K, the insight was provided into hydrophilic-hydrophobic characteristics of the surface, as well as the insight into the character and strength of active centers of these zeolites. As the test reaction for determining acidity of the catalyst, the one selected was the reaction of isomerization of 3,3-dimethyl butene-1 (3,3-DMB-1), which takes place on Brönsted acid centers by the mechanism of carbonium ion. The results obtained by the experiments of adsorption of nitrogen and diethyl ether from gas phase are in accordance with the kinetic data of the diethyl ether dehydration reaction.
PHOTON GENERATION EFFICIENCY AND ENTANGLEMENT IN QUANTUM DOT SYSTEMS
Authors: Predojević Ana
Published: December 2021

The interest in quantum dots as sources of quantum light is based upon the potential for high photon generation efficiency that originates in their atom-like energy structure. Quantum dots can be excited resonantly and coherently, where generation of photon pairs calls for a specific excitation method of two-photon resonant excitation of the biexciton. Though this method is very efficient, it was very often showing sub-unity excitation efficiency that could be observed, for instance, in the maximum amplitude of the Rabi oscillations. Investigation of the dephasing processes in this excitation technique is of strategic interest for quantum communication technologies.
CHANGES ON DENTAL ENAMEL AFTER ACID ETCHING
Authors: Mirjanić Vladan , Mirjanić Đorđe , Arbutina Adriana
Published: December 2021

Etch of enamel produces pores, where subsequently resin or adhesive system infiltrate. Silvestrone has established different morphological forms of etched enamel. Enamel surface, after being treated with phosphoric acid, has been demineralized in thickness of 5-10 μm, and that is enamel etched area. About 20 μm thick pores formed under the surface are the areas of qualitative pores. Under that, about 20 μm thick area of quantitative pores follows. Material consisted of human teeth with intact enamel extracted because of paradontophatia or orthodontic reasons. Untreated and treated teeth have been analysed with the application of AFM, type JSPM-5200 in contact mode, which means that physical contact between AFM sonda and enamel surface is constant force.
Double-μPeriscope, a tool for multilayer optical recordings, optogenetic stimulations or both
Authors: Suzuki Mototaka , Aru Jaan , Larkum Matthew E
Published: December 2021

Intelligent behavior and cognitive functions in mammals depend on cortical microcircuits made up of a variety of excitatory and inhibitory cells that form a forest-like complex across six layers. Mechanistic understanding of cortical microcircuits requires both manipulation and monitoring of multiple layers and interactions between them. However, existing techniques are limited as to simultaneous monitoring and stimulation at different depths without damaging a large volume of cortical tissue. Here, we present a relatively simple and versatile method for delivering light to any two cortical layers simultaneously. The method uses a tiny optical probe consisting of two microprisms mounted on a single shaft. We demonstrate the versatility of the probe in three sets of experiments: first, two distinct cortical layers were optogenetically and independently manipulated; second, one layer was stimulated while the activity of another layer was monitored; third, the activity of thalamic axons distributed in two distinct cortical layers was simultaneously monitored in awake mice. Its simple-design, versatility, small-size, and low-cost allow the probe to be applied widely to address important biological questions.
The cost of a meal: factors influencing prey profitability in Australian fur seals
Authors: Meyers Nelle , Speakman Cassie N. , Dorville Nicole A.S.-Y. , Hindell Mark A. , Semmens Jayson M. , Monk Jacquomo , Baylis Alistair M.M. , Ierodiaconou Daniel , Hoskins Andrew J. , Marshall Greg J. , Abernathy Kyler , Arnould John P.Y.
Published: December 2021

Knowledge of the factors shaping the foraging behaviour of species is central to understanding their ecosystem role and predicting their response to environmental variability. To maximise survival and reproduction, foraging strategies must balance the costs and benefits related to energy needed to pursue, manipulate, and consume prey with the nutritional reward obtained. While such information is vital for understanding how changes in prey assemblages may affect predators, determining these components is inherently difficult in cryptic predators. The present study used animal-borne video data loggers to investigate the costs and benefits related to different prey types for female Australian fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus), a primarily benthic foraging species in the low productivity Bass Strait, south-eastern Australia. A total of 1,263 prey captures, resulting from 2,027 prey detections, were observed in 84.5 h of video recordings from 23 individuals. Substantial differences in prey pursuit and handling times, gross energy gain and total energy expenditure were observed between prey types. Importantly, the profitability of prey was not significantly different between prey types, with the exception of elasmobranchs. This study highlights the benefit of animal-borne video data loggers for understanding the factors that influence foraging decisions in predators. Further studies incorporating search times for different prey types would further elucidate how profitability differs with prey type.
A Prospective Cohort Study of Catheter Drainage versus Percutaneous Needle Aspiration in Treatment of Liver Abscess
Authors: Kumar RK Vineeth , Singh Ashish Pratap , Singh Ashish , Sharma Priyank
Published: December 2021

Introduction: India has second highest incidence of liver abscess worldwide. Image guided drainage methods are increasingly used to treat liver abscesses with fairly high success rates and with low cost and patient preference. But to choose a preferred one among these two methods of Percutaneous Catheter Drainage (PCD) and Percutaneous Needle Aspiration (PNA) still is a dilemma. Aim: To compare the effectiveness and outcome of PCD and PNA in treatment of liver abscess. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 150 liver abscess patients in Shyam Shah Medical College in Vindhya region Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India, from June 2019 to May 2020. They were divided into two groups PNA (n=75) and PCD (n=75) by simple randomisation. Patient outcome was on the basis of duration to attain clinical relief (assessed subjectively), duration of hospital stay and days required for reduction in cavity size below 50%, death, and success rates were assessed in terms of number of attempts for adequate pus drainage. Chi-square test, non-paired Student’s t-test and ANOVA tests were used. Results: In this study mean age was 40.57 years with 92.67% males. Most common lobe to involved was right lobe (87.3%). E.coli was the most common organism. All patients in PCD group were successfully treated in a single attempt. PNA group had a success rate of 84%. Mean number of days of clinical improvement were less for PCD (mean was 5.27 days) than PNA group (mean was 7.49 days) p-value=0.002. Mean days required for reduction in cavity size to less than 50% was lower in PCD (mean was 7.20 days) than PNA group (mean was 8.75 days) p-value=0.01. Total duration of hospital stay was higher in PNA (mean was 11.59 days) than in PCD group (mean was 9.28 days) p-value=0.03. All multiloculated cavities in PNA group were failures. Conclusion: PCD method was found to be more efficacious than needle aspiration method in this study.
Perinatal Outcome Following Genitourinary Tract Infection in Preterm Labour: A Hospital Based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gowri Mangala , Begum Shahina
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Preterm labour (PTB) is one of the major concerns in obstetrics with respect to both or neonates and the mother. Aim: To study the genitourinary tract infections among the cases of preterm labour in a tertiary care hospital; and to estimate the Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration (APGAR) scores and birth weights of preterm babies. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of AJ Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangalore, India. All the preterm labours that occurred in the study setting in the calendar year of 2020 were considered as potential study participants. After screening for eligibility criteria, study participants were finalised. Intra-natal and immediate postnatal details (gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, birth-weight of the baby, APGAR score, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admission) were noted. Investigations like C-Reactive Protein (CRP), urine routine and microscopy, urine culture and sensitivity, high vaginal swab analysis were also noted. Data entry and analysis was done in Microsoft Excel version 2013. Results: There were 130 study participants, out of which 102 were eligible for the study. Most of the preterm deliveries occurred in primigravida between 32 and 37 weeks. Symptoms and signs of genitourinary tract infection was found in many (29% to 99%) mothers delivered preterm. Common organisms found in culture from urine sample and high vaginal swab were Escherichia coli (E.coli) (23.5%) and Candida (43.9%), respectively. Among 102 preterm new-borns, 58.8%% were delivered vaginally and 42.2% of the new-borns required NICU care. Proportion of infection among those undergoing preterm labours was higher. Hence, preterm labour and the complications can be avoided by good hygienic practices and medications. Conclusion: Proportion of infection among those undergoing preterm labours was higher. Hence, preterm labour and the complications can be avoided by good hygienic practices and medications.
Comparative Effects of Two Manure Types and Their Combinations on Growth and Yield of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb) Matsum and Nakai) in Nsukka, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Ezeh I. N. , Ukwu U. N. , Uzoigwe D. A.
Published: December 2021

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb) Matsum and Nakai) is a high value fruit vegetable that has gained significant importance in Nigeria following the high level of satisfaction derived from its consumption, and the growing awareness of its nutritional and health benefits. However, its production has been limited to northern Nigeria with resultant increase in price of the crop. This study therefore assessed the growth and fruit yield of watermelon as influenced by pig and poultry manure rates during the 2020 late planting season (September to December). The experiment was a 3 × 3 factorial in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Three levels of pig (Pg) and poultry (Pt) manures at 0, 5, and 10 t/ha constitutes the factors A and B, respectively. Data were collected on growth and yield attributes, and were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at p≤0.05, and principal component analysis (PCA) using GenStat discovery 10.3 edition. Correlation analysis was done using IBM SPSS (version 23) [1]. The results showed significant difference (p<0.05) for sole application of varying levels of pig and poultry manures as well as their combinations. For sole application of pig manure, Pg5 gave significantly higher fruit yield (129.2 t/ha) compared to Pg10, and Pg0 (86.8 and 43.8 t/ha, respectively) while Pt10 (109.1 t/ha) outperformed Pt5 and Pt0 (92.1 and 58.5 t/ha, respectively) for sole application of poultry manure. Combination of Pg5 + Pt10 gave the best result for fruit yield (174.4 t/ha) and is thus recommended for watermelon production in Nsukka.
Assessing the Effect of Landuse/Land Cover (1986-2020) on Soil Loss in Alluvium Geologic Formation Using Geospatial Technology in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Orakwe L. C. , Ekpo A. E. , Abraham C. M. , Tom-Cyprian N.
Published: December 2021

The occurrence of soil loss is a continuous process and occurs spatially across the earth’s surface. The study of soil loss is a necessity for proper understanding of the processes and the rate of soil loss for conservational purpose. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM)/Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+)/Operational Land Imager (OLI) image data was acquired for 1986, 2003 and 2020 were used to derive the C factor of the RUSLE model while other factors of the model were kept fixed for the years considering their inability to change easily. The RUSLE model was used to determine the trend of the soil loss on the alluvium geologic formation considering their land use/land cover changes for 1986, 2003 and 2020. The rainfall erosivity of the study area had an average of 8201.45MJmmha-1h-1yr-1. The soil erodibility index of the soils obtained from Alluvium had an average of 0.150tons MJ-1 hmm-1. The slope length and steepness factor of the study area range from 0 to 2.574. the crop cover factor of for 1986 range from 0.52 to 0.87, 2003 range from 0.52 to 0.87 and 2020 range from 0.62 to 0.92. No active field conservation was found out within the study area as described by Wischmeier and Smith. The results obtained show that 1986, 2003 and 2020 had a soil loss of 1966.3, 2167.85 and 3361.14 tonha-1yr-1 respectively. The results show that the study area is experiencing an increased trend of soil loss. This result can serve as guide into understanding the past and current rate of soil loss for soil resource planning and management
A Study on Adoption of Indigenous Technical Knowledge Practices among Tribal Farmers in Kolli Hills
Authors: Keerthana V. , Divakaran A.
Published: December 2021

Objectives: To make a quantitative study of Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) practices pertinent to crops grown in Kolli hills tribes in the Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu, India.

Methods: The attempt was made to study the adoption level of the interpreted ITKs among Kolli hills tribes. The Kolli hill was picked purposively for its uniqueness in continuing their traditions age old practices in farming practices by the tribes. The present study has been carried out in the Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu state. The Namakkal district was administratively divided into seven taluks and fifteen blocks. Among these seven taluks and fifteen blocks, higher populations of tribes were seen at Kolli hills. For the selection of the respondents based on the proportionate random sampling technique and the data were collected from each respondent through personal interview method. The study was carried during 2019 with 150 respondents in highly populated villages of Kolli hills. The Adoption index was used to analyse the adoption level of the ITK’s by the tribes.

Findings: More than half of the respondents (55.56 per cent) had a medium level of knowledge followed by high (25.10 per cent) and low (19.34 per cent) levels of knowledge on indigenous cultivation practices.

Conclusion: Indigenous technical knowledge has a substantial heritage in agrarian civilization. The findings highlight the effectiveness of indigenous technical knowledge above its modern equivalent. Thus, extension workers should identify and incorporate them in the technology transfer action in order to ensure long-term or sustainable agricultural development.
The Effect of Personal Factors and Social Environment on Consumers of Organic Vegetables in Surabaya City
Authors: Winarno Sri Tjondro , Winarno Dinariningrum Rahma
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of personal and social environment on consumers of organic vegetables in the city of Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. This research was conducted in 4 (four) urban villages in the city of Surabaya including Jemur Wonosari, Kedungdoro, Mojo, Pagesangan. In this study (consumer behavior) the data obtained were processed using Warp PLS software version 6.0. Based on the results of the analysis of the data obtained, the results obtained that personal factors and social environment have a significant influence on consumer behavior of organic vegetables in the city of Surabaya.
Is Elevated Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Value a Prognostic Marker in Sepsis Patients?
Authors: Selvaraj Sethuraj , Tumbanatham A.
Published: December 2021

Sepsis and its complications are a common cause of infectious disease and death in worldwide. But the infection can be challenges to confirm and there is gold standard methods to confirm it. Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) value frequently measured at every complete blood count. In sepsis the RDW morphology changes are believed to be mainly related to prognosis. RDW has also been studied as an independent variable in different predictive score. We systematically review the articles can RDW be used as prognostic marker in patient with sepsis.
Study of Antioxidants Vitamin E and Ascorbic Acid level in Pre-eclampsia and Normotensive Pregnant Women Attending the Antenatal Department of a Rural Hospital in Imo State South East Nigeria
Authors: Nnamdi C. J. J. , Izuchukwu E. C. O. , Nwaisaac I. S. , Okeke S. C. , Ukodei F. U. , Ahams E. C. , Uzoma R. I. , Iwuagwu O. G , Ezinwa A. A.
Published: December 2021

Background: Deficiencies of nutrition are common during pregnancy especially in developing countries. Pregnant women in developing countries have been reported to consume diets that are low in minerals and vitamins. Inadequate dietary intake during pregnancy might be a high risk not only for the mother but also for the fetus. Deficiencies of antioxidant vitamins have been implicated in various reproductive disorders like infertility, congenital anomalies, pre-eclampsia, placental abruption, premature rupture of membranes, still births and low birth weight.

Objective/Aim: This investigation was performed to compare the level of serum antioxidant vitamin E and Ascorbic Acid status in women with preeclampsia and normal pregnancy in Imo State. It was a randomized cross sectional study of 50 preeclampsia and 50 normotensive pregnant women attending the Dept. of Medicine and Antenatal clinic of specialist Hospital Umuguma, Owerri Imo State Nigeria. The study protocol was reviewed and the ethical committee and participants gave their consent. Data analysis was done using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. P-value of < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results: The mean antioxidant vitamins E and C were significantly lower in the preeclampsia group (0.29±0.07 and 0.31±0.20mg/dl) against the control (0.64±0.16 and 0.89±0.27mg/dl) P<0.05 respectively.

Conclusion: The study showed significant decrease in the level of vitamin E and Ascorbic Acid suggesting the failure of compensatory antioxidant functions in preeclampsia women.
Therapeutics Effects and Health Benefits of the Caucasus Koumiss: A Review
Authors: Kirdar S. S.
Published: December 2021

Koumiss (koumyss, kumiss, kumys, kumyz, kimiz or coomy) has been popular in Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and the Turkic, Mongolian, and Caucasian peoples of Russia: Altay, Bashkortostan, Buryatia, Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkaria, Kalmykia, Karachaevo-Cherkessia, Tatarstan, Tyva, Chuvashia, and Saha (Yakutia). Many countries in numerous Central Asian countries provide Koumiss therapeutic services, which are primarily provided by small and medium-sized accommodation firms that are particularly active in rural areas of those countries.

Koumiss is classified as a functional food due to its nutritional and medicinal properties. Many health benefits of koumiss include high probiotic content; antibacterial and antifungal characteristics; regulation of immunity; maintenance of a healthy gastric-intestinal system; regulation of cholesterol and sugar levels; regulation of blood pressure; and induction of some important vitamins. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the health benefits of koumiss.
Bio-availability and Bio-accessibility of Lead and Zinc in Contaminated Soil from Cwymystwyth Lead Mine Site
Authors: Abdullahi Y. , Aska A. S. , Roberts C. , Abdu M. S. , Gambo J.
Published: December 2021

Cwmystwyth Lead Mine was an abundant mine site with pugh’s and kingside water drainages shows contaminated water in the research area with no much scientific evidence to ascertain the level of the pollution. Hence this research was designed to study level of lead and zinc in contaminated soil in which the bio-availability and bio-accessibility were measured. Sixteen (16) soil samples were taken at random using soil auger and a hand trowel. The samples were dried using an oven set at a constant temperature of 400oC for 72 hours. Wire mesh (250 microns) was used to sift the samples. The Unified (BARGE) method was used. The mimics mixtures of saliva, gastric, duodenal, and bile fluids. Three-stage mimic processes were performed, in the mouth, the stomach and intestinal cavities. All mimic digestive fluids were placed in the rotator water bath for 1hr at 37oC. The bioaccessibility of the soil Samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometer (ICP-OES) method. The results were obtained using XRF and ICP methods. The percentage concentration of lead in the topsoil was 0.64% and in the bottom soil was 1.47%, with a total mean concentration of 1.06% in combined top and bottom soil. Zinc concentrations in the top and bottom soils were 0.22 and 0.45%, respectively, with a computed total mean of 0.34%. The findings revealed a highly significant difference between lead and zinc in both the top and bottom soil samples (LSD = P0.05). The average concentrations of lead and zinc extracted in both the stomach and intestinal stages were 15.98% and 1.23%, respectively
Application of Machine Learning Techniques to Estimate Unsoaked California Bearing Ratio in Ekiti Central Senatorial District
Authors: Tunbosun Akinwamide Joshua , Ehiorobo Jacob Odeh , Obinna Osuji Sylvester , Nwankwo Ebuka
Published: December 2021

This paper investigates the relationship between soil physical properties and the Un-soaked California Bearing Ratio (USCBR) of soil found in Ekiti State Central Senatorial District (ESCSD), which includes Natural Moisture Content (NMC%) Percentage Fines, Specific Gravity (SG) and Consistency Limits (LL%, PL%, & PI %). The database was prepared in the laboratory by conducting tests on ninety-nine (99) soil samples which were obtained in a burrowed pit found in the Central Senatorial District of Ekiti State. An R version 4.0.5 and R studio version 1.2.5033 was used to analyze the Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Least Square Regression (LSR) in order to develop a simplified CBR model. In both models, independent layer containing six nodes (soil physical properties) and the dependent layer containing a single node (i.e. CBR) were taken. The descriptive analysis for training and testing was performed; boxplots of the variables were plotted and; sensitivity analysis was carried out. The capacity of the developed equation was evaluated in terms of error metrics MSE and RMSE. The analysis showed that both ANN and MLR models predicted CBR close to the laboratory value. However, the model without the percentage passing sieve 200 (MIC) is the best, having Akaike Information Criterion and Bayesian Information Criterion values of 614.1707 and 627.5754 respectively, from the error metrics analysis, the results showed that PL and LL are the most influential variable that affects the developed CBR model's output. From the foregoing its concluded that the study has shown a relationship between the CBR value of Ekiti Central Senatorial District soil and its basic soils properties using machine learning techniques, also the developed CBR model will be useful tool to Civil engineers, geotechnical engineers and construction industry within the study area particularly in their preliminary stage of their project.
Genetic Analysis of Some Genotypes of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) for Yield and Yield Attributing Traits
Authors: Pradhan A. M. , Choudhury M. Roy , Sawarkar A. , Das S.
Published: December 2021

The current investigation was carried out to examine the selection criteria for yield improvement in selected genotypes of Indian mustard. Twenty-four genotypes of Indian mustard were evaluated for seed yield and yield attributing characters with randomized block design with three replications. The analysis of variance showed significant differences among all the 24 genotypes against all the characters. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation were higher for most of the traits like seed yield per plant, number of secondary branches per plant and number of siliquae per plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance in percent of mean was registered for number of siliquae per plant, number of primary and secondary branches per plant, plant height, 1000 seed weight, siliqua length per plant and seed yield per plant suggesting predominant role of additive gene action for expression of these traits. The correlation study revealed that seed yield per plant was positively and significantly correlated with number of primary and secondary branches per plant, number of siliquae per plant, siliqua length per plant and 1000 seed weight at both phenotypic and genotypic level. The traits namely, number of secondary branches per plant recorded as highest positive direct effect followed by number of seeds per siliqua, number of siliquae per plant and plant height. Therefore, they may be carried out further evaluation in multilocational trials, biotic and abiotic stress like environmental conditions to check their stability and adaptability.
Two Kinds of Vacuum in Casimir Effect
Authors: Zhi-Xun Huang
Published: December 2021

The Casimir effect is one observable of the existence of the vacuum energy, i.e. the existence of vacuum electromagnetic field. The meaning of this word "vacuum" is physical vacuum, not technology vacuum. Then, we say that the change in the vacuum structure enforced by the plates. There are two kinds of vacuum, one is usual vacua or free vacua (outside the plates). Another is the negative energy vacua (inside the plates), and the refraction index less than 1(n<1). That cause a change in the light speed for electromagnetic waves propagating perpendicular to the plates: △c/c1.6×10-60d-4, and d is the plate distance. When d=10-9m(1nm), △c=10-24c. Then, a two-loop QED effect cause the phase and group velocities of an electromagnetic wave to slightly exceed c. Though the difference are very small, that raise interesting matters of principle. The focus of this paper is to improve the understanding of the nature of quantum vacuum. In the past, to say that "vacuum is not empty" was already a criticism and subversion of classical physics. Now it seems doubly strange to say that there is a negative energy vacuum that is "empty"than the normal physical vacuum. But these theories are rigorously justified; Casimir effect can create an environment with refractive index less than 1(n<1) and lead to the appearance of superluminality, which is one of the representations of "quantum superluminality". These advances in basic science will certainly open up new fields of application, In short, it is not the Casimir structure that creates the quantum vacuum, but the structure that makes the quantum vacuum "emerge"in a clever way as a perceptible physical reality. This is truly a scientific achievement.
Soil Suitability for Growing Horticultural Crops in Kanamadi South Sub-Watershed of Karnataka
Authors: D. Souza Ashay , Patil P. L.
Published: December 2021

The suitability of the land resources in the watershed for various crops is necessary to choose the right crop and variety suitable for the area. In carrying out this assessment, the specific land requirements of a crop are compared with the characteristics of land resource mapped in the sub- watershed with this objective  investigation was carried to assess land suitability for growing horticultural crops in Kanamadi South sub-watershed of Vijayapura district of Karnataka. The soil survey was conducted using 1:7920 scale, LISS IV satellite imagery.  The soils were shallow to deep with clay loam to clay in texture. The soils were low in nitrogen and organic carbon, low to medium in phosphorus and sulphur, medium to high in potassium. Iron, copper, zinc and manganese were sufficient. Land suitability evaluation revealed that soils were moderately suitable for growing fruits such as guava (73.75% TGA), pomegranate (70.73% TGA), sapota (85.65% TGA). In case of flowers, major part of the study area was marginally suitable for crops such asrose (65.26% TGA) and jasmine (91.72% TGA). Around 11.55 per cent of the area was evaluated as unsuitable for growing fruit crops. The consideration of depth and nutrient status of soil in sub-watershed area is ideal to grow the horticultural crops like fruit crops with soil conservation measures to obtain food sustainability and nutrition level of people living the study area.
Physiotherapy Rehabilitation in Subject with Scapular Osteochondroma: A Case Report
Authors: Thakare Vaishnavi , Phansopkar Pratik , Chitale Neha
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The most prevalent benign tumour affecting the metaphysis of long bone is osteochondroma, a form of cartilaginous tumour. Solitary or multiple osteochondromas can prevail.Hereditary multiple exostosis (HME) or familial osteochondromatosis is the multiple variant, which is an autosomal dominant syndrome.

Case Presentation: A 35-year old female with right-hand dominance was referred todepartment of physiotherapy. On palpation small nodular swelling of marble size was present in left axilla. X-rays findings showed increased scapular mass and ribs were compressed laterally.

Discussion: The most widespread benign tumour is osteochondroma. In 3.0-6.4 percent of all instances, the scapula is implicated. The osteochondroma normally develops on the scapula's anterior aspect. The scapula osteochondroma induces pain and a grating sound when the scapula is moved. Mechanic irritation of muscle, tendon, or soft tissue, emergence of a pseudoaneurysm or bursa, fracture, or malignant transformation are all causes of symptoms.

Conclusion: Osteochondroma is a common benign tumor. Management of osteochondroma is important to improve the quality of life. Physiotherapy plays an important role in managing Scapular osteochondroma.
Predictive Risk Factors for Mild and Severe Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage and Associated Neurodevelopmental Prognosis: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Alhakeem Wejdan , Almuhana Afnan , Alshahrani Haya , Alkhateeb Moneerah , Alsaihati Zahra
Published: December 2021

Aims: To compare commonly mentioned risk factors between mild germinal matrix hemorrhage-Intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH) (grade I & II) and severe GMH-IVH (grade III & IV) and to study the long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in relation to severe GMH-IVH.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Place and Duration of Study: Neonatal intensive care unit, King Fahad University Hospital, between 2000 and 2020.

Methodology: We included 54 premature infants at ≤36 weeks of gestation and with birth weight <2500g admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit. Premature neonates were divided into two subgroups: mild GMH-IVH (grade I and II) and severe (grade III and IV). We investigated the risk factors and neurodevelopmental outcomes in association with GMH-IVH.

Results: Amnionitis (OR: 1.190, 95% CI 0.515-2.749), lower genital tract infection (OR: 1.190, 95% CI 0.515-2.749), antenatal infection (OR: 1.406, 95% CI 0.866-2.283), gestational diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.815, 95% CI 1.410-2.337), usage of inotropes (OR: 1.731, 95% CI 1.348-2.222), APGAR score <7 (OR: 0.806, 95% CI 0.493-1.316), birth trauma (OR: 1.767, 95% CI 1.396-2.236), catecholamines (OR: 1.470, 95% CI 0.903-2.393), intubation (OR: 1.300, 95% CI 0.686-2.464), asphyxia (OR: 1.135, 95% CI 0.718-1.794), Abnormal coagulation (OR: 1.197, 95% CI 0.756-1.896), congenital heart disease (OR: 1.727, 95% CI 1.124-2.653), low hematocrit (OR: 1.140, 95% CI 0.688-1.889), resuscitation (OR: 1,193, 95% CI 0.748- 1.904) and ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt as a prognosis of hydrocephalus (P-value: 0.005) all showed a higher incidence with severe GMH-IVH

Conclusion: Amnionitis, lower genital tract infection, antenatal infections, GDM, usage of inotropes, APGAR score <7, birth trauma, catecholamines, intubation, asphyxia, resuscitation, abnormal coagulation parameters, congenital heart disease, low hematocrit and hydrocephalus with VP shunt were higher in severe GMH-IVH.
A Rare Case Report- An Incidental Finding of Isolated Unilocular Splenic Hydatid Cyst
Authors: Gupta Shubham Satyaprakash , Shinde Sangita Jogdand , Shinde Raju K. , Pandey Shweta
Published: December 2021

Splenic Hydatid Cyst is a very rare presentation with less than 5% of total incidences of Cystic Echinococcosis. It is usually due to spread of cysts from other regions leading to secondaries. Primary isolated splenic hydatid cyst without involvement of any other organs is even rarer. We report an unusual case of a female who presented as Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) with an incidental finding of Isolated Splenic Hydatid Cyst with absence of involvement of any other organ. Patient underwent laparotomy and total splenectomy was done. This case report targets to report a rare case of incidental finding of isolated unilocular hydatid cyst of spleen and describes its management.
A Rare Case of Renal Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Underlying Staghorn Calculus as Confounding Factor
Authors: Durge Shubham Pratap , Bhattacharjee Anurag Anupkumar , Ramteke Harshal , Gupta Abhishek , Kulkarni Varun , Shaha Shyamal , Mannek Roshani
Published: December 2021

Renal cell carcinoma is one of the most common kidney pathologies in adults, responsible for approximately 90-95% of cases. The most common variant is clear cell accounting for 60-70% of cases, while papillary accounts for 10-15% of the cases.

Diagnosis of carcinoma in the presence of staghorn calculus is seen in less than 1% of patients in recorded data. However, squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney is a rare condition usually associated with chronic irritation by a foreign body, most likely due to staghorn calculus. Here we present a case report of a 65 year old male who came with complaint of pain in the abdomen since two months associated with malaise, weight loss and fever.

CT KUB was suggestive of a non-excreting enlarged left kidney with multiple calculi with abnormal cortical and periureteric lesions with encasement of adjacent vessels. Histopathological report revealed a rare case of primary squamous cell carcinoma, most probably originating from the pelvis and secondarily infiltrating the renal parenchyma and associated with nephrolithiasis and hydronephrosis. Initially the patient was managed conservatively. Later the patient underwent nephrectomy.
Fixed-Dose Combination of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors Plus Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Review on Safety and Efficacy
Authors: Alshahrani Sultan M. , Alshahrani Hamed Ali , Alshahrani Saud Dhafer , Alabdulla Noura Mohammed , Alshahrani Yazeed Fahad , Alshahrani Abdulmohsen Nasser , Alshahrani Ali Mohammed
Published: December 2021

There is a significant increase noted in the incidence and prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The global number of diabetic patients is projected by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) to reach 552 million. T2DM disease has chronic and progressive nature. More than fifty percent of patients do not attain adequate glycemic control despite initial sufficient monotherapy. To maintain target glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (<7%), dose adjustment and adoption of several diabetes therapies become necessary in many cases. Compared to monotherapy, a fixed drug combination of oral agents and metformin has proven to be more efficacious to maintain levels of blood glucose and HbA1c. The combination of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DDPIs) and metformin has been explicated to effectively decrease HbA1c to a relatively higher degree compared to the use of either agent individually. This combination addresses various pathophysiological processes involved in T2DM pathogenesis. Additionally, the concerned combination is safe and associated with a lower risk of hypoglycemia. Moreover, it is well-tolerated and prescribed as an easy-to-use single pill to improve patient compliance. This review provides an overview of the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of fixed drug combinations of DDPIs and metformin according to current practice.
Evaluation of Hypolipidemic and Hepatoprotective Effects of Linum usitatissimum L. Seeds on Hypercholesterolemic Rats
Authors: Pattanayak Chaitali , Bahinipati Jyotirmayee , Srivastava Vartika , Sarkar Sougata
Published: December 2021

Background: Hyperlipidaemia is a chronic progressive disease, which encompasses various genetic and acquired conditions resulting in inappropriately elevated lipid levels in humans.  Several preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that dietary supplementation with Linum Usitatissimum have beneficial cardiovascular effects like antihypertensive action, antiatherogenic effects, lowering of cholesterol, anti-inflammatory action and inhibition of arrhythmia. There are few studies on hepatoprotective effects of flax seeds in hyperlipidemic animal models. Aim and objectives: Hence, this study was undertaken to evaluate the hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effect of Linum seeds.

Methods: The study was conducted for the period of two months in Department of Pharmacology KIMS, Bhubaneswar. Total 36 Albino wistar rats were taken and divided into 6 groups containing 6 rats each. Group II was hypercholesterolemic (HC) control, Group III was treatment control and Group IV to VI rats were given different doses of extract. Blood samples were taken at the end of two months.

Results: All the values are expressed as Mean±SD (standard deviation). Significant decrease in lipid parameters and liver enzymes is seen at the end of two months in all 3 groups receiving the extract, where the highest dose of extract used, is near to the standard drug.

Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that the addition of the flaxseeds to the diet may alleviate the rise in circulating cholesterol levels induced by the high cholesterol diet through its content of alfa-linolenic acid (ALA) and lignins. The hepatoprotective role of flaxseed in hypercholesterolaemia has also been demonstrated in this this study.