bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novosti, ki jih je vpeljala v letu 2013 sprejeta Resolucija o nacionalnem programu izobraževanja odraslih za obdobje 2013–2020 (ReNPIO 2013–2020)
Authors: Beltram Peter
Published: October 2015

Nekoliko neopazno je šla mimo novost, ki jo je vpeljal novi ReNPIO 2013–2020 (2013), sprejet v državnem zboru 24. oktobra 2013. Ta pomembni dokument opredeljuje prednostne naloge, programe, podporne dejavnosti, ciljne skupine, instrumente za spremljanje in obseg javnih financ, ki jih država namenja izobraževanju odraslih. Prejšnji ReNPIO, ki je veljal v obdobju 2005–2010, je vključeval le dve ministrstvi, sicer najbolj pomembni za področje izobraževanja odraslih, ministrstvo za izobraževanje, znanost in šport (MIZŠ) ter ministrstvo za delo, družino, socialne zadeve in enake možnosti (MDDSZ), kar je bila njegova pomanjkljivost. Zato je novi ReNPIO zajel tudi druge resorje, ki v okviru svojih področij izvajajo dejavnosti in/ali programe, namenjene obveščanju, ozaveščanju, prosvetljevanju ali izobraževanju različnih ciljnih skupin odraslih, kar je vse mogoče obravnavati kot izobraževanje v širšem pomenu.
A generalised background correction algorithm for a Halo Doppler lidar and its application to data from Finland
Authors: Manninen A. J. , O'Connor E. J. , Vakkari V. , Petäjä T.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Current commercially available Doppler lidars provide an economical and robust solution for measuring vertical and horizontal wind velocities, together with the ability to provide co- and cross-polarised backscatter profiles. The high temporal resolution of these instruments allow turbulent properties to be obtained from studying the variation in velocities. However, the instrument specifications mean that certain characteristics, especially the background noise behaviour, become a limiting factor for the instrument sensitivity in regions where the aerosol load is low. Turbulent calculations require an accurate estimate of the contribution from velocity uncertainty estimates, which are directly related to the signal-to-noise ratio. Any bias in the signal-to-noise ratio will propagate through as a bias in turbulent properties. In this paper we present a method to correct for artefacts in the background noise behaviour of commercially available Doppler lidars and reduce the signal-to-noise ratio threshold used to discriminate between noise, and cloud or aerosol signals. We show that, for Doppler lidars operating continuously at a number of locations in Finland, the data availability can be increased by as much as 50 % after performing this background correction and subsequent reduction in the threshold. The reduction in bias also greatly improves subsequent calculations of turbulent properties in weak signal regimes.
Sediment properties and CO2 efflux from intact and cleared temperate mangrove forests
Authors: Bulmer R. H. , Lundquist C. J. , Schwendenmann L.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Temperate mangrove forests in New Zealand have increased in area over recent decades. Expansion of temperate mangroves in New Zealand is associated with perceived loss of other estuarine habitats, and decreased recreational and amenity values, resulting in clearing of mangrove forests. In the tropics, changes in sediment characteristics and carbon efflux have been reported following mangrove clearance. This is the first study in temperate mangrove (Avicennia marina) forests investigating the impact of clearing on sediment CO2 efflux and associated biotic and abiotic factors. Sediment CO2 efflux rates from intact (168.5 ± 45.8 mmol m−2 d−1) and cleared (133.9 ± 37.2 mmol m−2 d−1) mangrove forests in New Zealand are comparable to rates measured in tropical mangrove forests. We did not find a significant difference in sediment CO2 efflux rates between intact and cleared temperate mangrove forests. Pre-shading the sediment for more than 30 min prior to dark chamber measurements was found to have no significant effect on sediment CO2 efflux. This suggests that the continuation of photosynthetic CO2 uptake by biofilm communities was not occurring after placement of dark chambers. Rather, above-ground mangrove biomass, sediment temperature and chlorophyll a concentration were the main factors explaining the variability in sediment CO2 efflux in intact mangrove forests. The main factors influencing sediment CO2 efflux in cleared mangrove forest sites were sediment organic carbon concentration, nitrogen concentration and sediment grain size. Our results show that greater consideration should be given regarding the rate of carbon released from mangrove forest following clearance and the relative contribution to global carbon emissions.
Empirical streamflow simulation for water resource management in data-scarce seasonal watersheds
Authors: Shortridge J. E. , Guikema S. D. , Zaitchik B. F.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. In the past decade, certain methods for empirical rainfall–runoff modeling have seen extensive development and been proposed as a useful complement to physical hydrologic models, particularly in basins where data to support process-based models is limited. However, the majority of research has focused on a small number of methods, such as artificial neural networks, despite the development of multiple other approaches for non-parametric regression in recent years. Furthermore, this work has generally evaluated model performance based on predictive accuracy alone, while not considering broader objectives such as model interpretability and uncertainty that are important if such methods are to be used for planning and management decisions. In this paper, we use multiple regression and machine-learning approaches to simulate monthly streamflow in five highly-seasonal rivers in the highlands of Ethiopia and compare their performance in terms of predictive accuracy, error structure and bias, model interpretability, and uncertainty when faced with extreme climate conditions. While the relative predictive performance of models differed across basins, data-driven approaches were able to achieve reduced errors when compared to physical models developed for the region. Methods such as random forests and generalized additive models may have advantages in terms of visualization and interpretation of model structure, which can be useful in providing insights into physical watershed function. However, the uncertainty associated with model predictions under climate change should be carefully evaluated, since certain models (especially generalized additive models and multivariate adaptive regression splines) became highly variable when faced with high temperatures.
Teaching Human Rights from Below: Towards Solidarity, Resistance and Social Justice
Authors: Canlas Melissa , Argenal Amy , Bajaj Monisha
Published: October 2015

In this article, we discuss our approaches, pedagogies, and practices for a weekly human rights club that serves immigrant and refugee youth.  The research team is involved in a research collaboration with a public high school in a large urban area on the West Coast.  In this article, we discuss some of our curricular and pedagogical strategies and students’ responses to lesson plans and activities that aimed to build solidarity, resistance to dominant and assimilative narratives, and action towards social justice.  Our approach focuses on intersecting a transforamtive human rights perspective with the praxes of critical pedagogies and social justice.  This article discusses a radical approach to teaching Human Rights along three key themes: student-centered human rights pedagogy, cultural wealth and HRE, and students’ articulation of human rights language into action.
Application of Realized Volatility Matrix in Asset Allocation Problems – Based on China's Stock Market UHF Data
Authors: Zhao Shuran , Zhao Yuxiao
Published: October 2015

This article explores the realized volatility matrix and its model in the classic asset allocation problems. Update time method using UHF data synchronization China's stock market, using three different correction and noise reduction technology get three volatility matrix sequence; sequence through the matrix modeling portray get yields and volatility matrix vector prediction value and apply to asset allocation problem.
Public Administration and Minority Language: The Case of District Administration in Amparai, Sri Lanka
Authors: Yusoff Mohammad Agus , Sarjoon Athambawa , Hussin Nordin , Awang Azmi
Published: October 2015

Even though minorities have gained international linguistic recognition, accepting and admitting minority languages in public affairs has been a contested issue in many countries. In Sri Lanka, the admitting of minority language — specifically Tamil — in public administration has continued to be a serious issue imposing a number of difficulties on Tamil-speaking minorities, although Tamil is legally recognized as an official language. The district administration of Amparai in the eastern province is a severe case where Tamil has been marginalized in the district’s administrative affairs, violating the constitutional recognition of conducting public administration in Tamil in the north-eastern region. The major objective of this study is to examine the nature and extent of Tamil language admission in the district administration of Amparai. The findings of this study revealed that the violation of constitutional provisions and administrative circulars on admitting the Tamil language in district administration has not only led to the domination of the Sinhala language and the Sinhalese in this district’s administration, but also has induced the Tamil-speakers of this district to demand and advocate for a new administrative district within the district for their administrative easiness. This research suggests that proper implementation of Tamil language provisions and institutional restructuring at the district secretariat level would help to reconcile the linguistic issues facing by Tamil-speakers in the district. This case study incorporates both primary and secondary data collected from different sources, and is presented through descriptive and interpretative analysis.
The Relevance of Public Administration Education: Towards Professional Development of Men and Women in Public Organizations
Authors: Blace Nestor Pabiona
Published: October 2015

This study investigated several factors on the need and continuing relevance of the public administration education. Primary data were gathered through the questionnaires administered to the Maser in Public Administration (MPA) graduates, their immediate heads, and their co-employees. The data gathered were analyzed through frequency distribution, percentage, mean and t-test.
The findings of the study revealed that the degrees earned by the respondents before taking the MPA degree vary. This implies that the decision to enroll in the MPA degree is not determined by the degrees that they possess, but by their employment in the government agencies or institutions. The findings further revealed that the MPA degree earned by the graduate-respondents had helped them in terms of job advancement, promotions and movement in employment. The knowledge, skills and values that the respondents should acquire and practice as government employees have been inculcated in them through the public administration education that they pursued.
Understanding Consumers’ Attitudes Toward Fruits and Vegetable Attributes: A Multi-Method Approach
Authors: Thomas Terrence , Gunden Cihat , Miran Bulent
Published: October 2015

Background: Results from previous work indicated that when consumers make purchasing decisions, they pay more attention to freshness, taste and hygiene attributes of fruits and vegetables than price and nutritional value, when these attributes are considered individually.
Methods: To shed light on the underlying factors that shape the pattern of reported preferences, researchers used five doubly censored Tobit models to analyze data generated from a fuzzy pairwise comparison model (FPC) to explain the pattern of reported preferences. In the model, nutritive value, hygiene, taste, price and freshness were separately regressed on a number of demographic and personal characteristics variables. For this study, a random sample was drawn proportionate to population size by county in Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina. Data were collected from 412 respondents.
Results: Higher levels of education and income did not affect how consumers rate the nutritional value of fruits and vegetables. This relative lack of difference among consumers as classified in the model, along with results that showed consumers giving a higher preference rating to hygiene, taste and price offer support for the notion that the nutritional value attribute plays a subsidiary role in consumers purchasing decisions.
Conclusion: The multi-method approach used in this study provides information on the demographic characteristics of consumers that influence attitudes and behaviors toward fruit and vegetable attributes. Nutrition educators and marketers will be able to use this knowledge about consumers’ attitudes and behaviors to customize programs that more accurately address consumers’ preferences.
On the Complexity of Digital Video Cameras in / as Research: Perspectives and agencements
Authors: Bangou Francis
Published: October 2015

The goal of this article is to consider the potential for digital video cameras to produce as part of a research agencement. Our reflection will be guided by the current literature on the use of video recordings in research, as well as by the rhizoanalysis of two vignettes. The first of these vignettes is associated with a short video clip shot by a newcomer student as part of a three-year research project that focused on the interrelationships between citizenship, technology, and pop culture. The second vignette relates to the entry of a piece of art into the research agencement. As an agencement in and of itself, the goal of this article is not to provide definitive responses, but rather to disrupt habitual ways of thinking about videos in / as research and potentially contribute to change.
Industries, nuisances et définition de l’espace urbain. L’industrie papetière à Trois-Rivières (1910-1925)
Authors: Payen Carole
Published: October 2015

Trois-Rivières connut, grâce aux industries papetières, une croissance fulgurante au début du XXe siècle. Cependant, ces industries furent génératrices de nombreuses nuisances et firent naître la controverse. Celle-ci, qui s’exprime dans de multiples sources, administratives, judiciaires, médiatiques, industrielles, offre la possibilité d’étudier les discours liés à la ville, et notamment les questions d’arbitrage et de définition de l’intérêt général (croissance économique vs salubrité), mais également de percevoir des discours sur le territoire, l’espace urbain, ses limites, et le(s) « territoire(s) acceptable(s) » de la pollution industrielle au début du XXe siècle.
L’agronome, le forestier et l’urbaniste de la Révolution tranquille
Authors: Prud’homme Julien
Published: October 2015

La Révolution tranquille renouvelle le personnage de l’« expert », du détenteur d’un savoir non partagé, à qui est attribué un pouvoir croissant. Or, les politiques du territoire contribuent largement, au début des années 1970, au débat public sur le rôle social de l’expertise, dont les divers visages sont alors en construction. L’étude d’un épisode méconnu mais important de ce débat, la Commission parlementaire spéciale sur les professions tenue en 1972, témoigne des définitions de l’expert que proposent alors les associations professionnelles intéressées à l’aménagement du territoire. Ce coup de sonde offre des balises provisoires mais utiles tant à l’historiographie du territoire qu’à une future histoire de l’expertise au Québec, dont les débats sur l’aménagement de l’espace constituent un jalon important.
Harmonie, écologie et nationalisme : la mise en parc de Forillon (1970-2012)
Authors: Blanc Guillaume
Published: October 2015

L’histoire du parc national Forillon débute en 1970 par l’expropriation des populations et la destruction par le feu de leurs habitations. S’ensuivent alors quarante années de naturalisation de l’espace. Pelouses restaurées, montagnes reboisées et populations animales réintroduites deviennent les marqueurs d’un territoire désormais symbole de l’une des 39 régions naturelles définies par Parcs Canada, laquelle s’efforce, sans cesse, de faire voir et de faire croire à une nation naturellement canadienne. Cependant, ce récit naturel achoppe depuis peu sur l’impossibilité de concilier une territorialité locale présentiste et concrète avec une territorialité fédérale naturaliste et nationaliste vraisemblablement trop incohérente pour faire sens.
Sonny in the Dark: Jazzing the Blues Spirit and the Gospel Truth in James Baldwin’s “Sonny’s Blues”
Authors: Tracy Steven C.
Published: October 2015

The webs of musical connection are essential to the harmony and cohesion of James
Baldwin’s “Sonny’s Blues.” As a result, we must explore the spectrum of musical references
Baldwin makes to unveil their delicate conjunctions. It is vital to probe the traditions
of African-American music—Spirituals, Blues, Jazz, and Pop—to get a more comprehensive
sense of how Baldwin makes use of music from the sacred and secular continuum in the
African-American community. Looking more closely at the variety of African-American
musical genres to which Baldwin refers in the story, we can discern even more the nuances
of unity that Baldwin creates in his story through musical allusions, and shed greater
light on Baldwin’s exploration of the complexities of African-American life and music, all
of which have as their core elements of human isolation, loneliness, and despair
ameliorated by artistic expression, hope, and the search for familial ties. Through
musical intertextuality, Baldwin demonstrates not only how closely related seemingly
disparate (in the Western tradition) musical genres are, but also shows that the elements
of the community that these genres flow from and represent are much more in
synchronization than they sometimes seem or are allowed to be. To realize kinship across
familial (Creole), socio-economic (the brother), and most importantly for this paper
appreciation and meanings of musical genres advances to Sonny the communal cup of
trembling that is both a mode and an instance of envisioning and treating music in its
unifying terms, seeing how they coalesce through a holistic vision.
James Baldwin and the Question of Privacy: A Roundtable Conversation at the 2014 American Studies Convention
Authors: Norman Brian , Abdur-Rahman Aliyyah I. , Drabinski John E. , Fleming Julius , Hatton Nigel , Woubshet Dagmawi , Zaborowska Magdalena
Published: October 2015

Six key Baldwin scholars converged at the 2014 American Studies Association to consider
the question of privacy, informed by their own book-length projects in process. Key topics
included Baldwin’s sexuality and the (open) secret, historical lack of access to privacy
in African-American experience, obligations for public representation in African-American
literary history, Baldwin’s attempts to construct home spaces, public access to Baldwin’s
private documents, and ethical matters for scholars in creating and preserving Baldwin’s
legacy, including his final home in St. Paul-de-Vence.
“But Amen is the Price:” James Baldwin and Ray Charles in “The Hallelujah Chorus”
Authors: Pavlić Ed
Published: October 2015

Based on a recent, archival discovery of the script, “But Amen is the Price” is the first
substantive writing about James Baldwin’s collaboration with Ray Charles, Cicely Tyson,
and others in a performance of musical and dramatic pieces. Titled by Baldwin, “The
Hallelujah Chorus” was performed in two shows at Carnegie Hall in New York City on 1 July
1973. The essay explores how the script and presentation of the material, at least in
Baldwin’s mind, represented a call for people to more fully involve themselves in their
own and in each other’s lives. In lyrical interludes and dramatic excerpts from his
classic work, “Sonny’s Blues,” Baldwin addressed divisions between neighbors, brothers,
and strangers, as well as people’s dissociations from themselves in contemporary American
life. In solo and ensemble songs, both instrumental and vocal, Ray Charles’s music evinced
an alternative to the tradition of Americans’ evasion of each other. Charles’s sound meant
to signify the history and possibility of people’s attainment of presence in intimate,
social, and political venues of experience. After situating the performance in Baldwin’s
personal life and public worldview at the time and detailing the structure and content of
the performance itself, “But Amen is the Price” discusses the largely negative critical
response as a symptom faced by much of Baldwin’s other work during the era, responses that
attempted to guard “aesthetics” generally—be they literary, dramatic, or musical—as
class-blind, race-neutral, and apolitical. The essay presents “The Hallelujah Chorus” as a
key moment in Baldwin’s search for a musical/literary form, a way to address, as he put
it, “the person and the people,” in open contention with the social and political
pressures of the time.
I AM FAVOLAS: A HEALTH EDUCATION INSTRUMENT IN DENTISTRY
Authors: Dias Maria Do Rosário , Da Cruz João Amaral , Martins Nádia Leitão
Published: October 2015

Introduction: a good oral health is essential to the existence of a good systemic health. Nevertheless, tooth decay is one of the major problems of public health of our days. Taking this into account, to combat this problem it is the duty of health professionals to promote patient education so that they can adopt habits that prevent the onset of the same disease or its recurrence. Objectives: to use pictograms and macro models in order to promote the cooperation and participation of the child, reinforcing the importance of non-verbal language in the dentistry setting. Methods: we created original health education instruments, mainly based on pictograms, for children between 5 and 7 years of age. Results: nonverbal communication allows a relational bond between therapist and child, enabling the continuity of work and active participation of the child. Conclusion: the application of pictograms in children in pediatric dentistry setting may be an asset in health education, promoting a more focused perspective on the patient as well as their active role in it.
THE HEALTH SCHOOL PROGRAMME: A HEALTH PROMOTION STRATEGY IN PRIMARY CARE IN BRAZIL
Authors: Machado Maria de Fátima Antero Sousa , Gubert Fabiane Do Amaral , Meyer Anya Pimentel G. F. Vieira , Correia Sampaio Yana Paula Coêlho , Dias Maria do Socorro De Araújo , De Almeida Ana Mattos Brito de Almeida Brito , Morais Ana Patricia Pereira , E Silva Anamaria Cavalcante , Campos Jocileide Sales , Chagas Maristela Inês Osawa , Chaves Emília Soares
Published: October 2015

Introduction: the Health School Programme (HSP) should be understood as a permanent development process. In this context, the actions of a policy aimed at children and adolescentsare paramount in the HSP. Objective: to identify and describe the actions developed by the Family Health Group in the HSP, from the National Programme for ImprovingAccess and Quality of Primary Care (PIPCAQ). Methods: this cross-sectional research used secondary data collected fromthe 17,202 groups who joined PIPCAQ in 2012. Results: all regions showed significant results concerning the execution of school activities. the Northern region was the one that performed most school actions (80.5%), followed by the Northeast, Midwest, South and Southeast, respectively. However, some items, such as professional training in education and health work need to be streng the ned. Conclusion: HSP in Brazil has mobilised significant actions, even though it has not happened in homogeneously in all Brazilian regions.
Mapping nonlinear receptive field structure in primate retina at single cone resolution
Authors: Freeman Jeremy , Field Greg D , Li Peter H , Greschner Martin , Gunning Deborah E , Mathieson Keith , Sher Alexander , Litke Alan M , Paninski Liam , Simoncelli Eero P , Chichilnisky EJ
Published: October 2015

The function of a neural circuit is shaped by the computations performed by its interneurons, which in many cases are not easily accessible to experimental investigation. Here, we elucidate the transformation of visual signals flowing from the input to the output of the primate retina, using a combination of large-scale multi-electrode recordings from an identified ganglion cell type, visual stimulation targeted at individual cone photoreceptors, and a hierarchical computational model. The results reveal nonlinear subunits in the circuity of OFF midget ganglion cells, which subserve high-resolution vision. The model explains light responses to a variety of stimuli more accurately than a linear model, including stimuli targeted to cones within and across subunits. The recovered model components are consistent with known anatomical organization of midget bipolar interneurons. These results reveal the spatial structure of linear and nonlinear encoding, at the resolution of single cells and at the scale of complete circuits.
Case Movement in PPs
Authors: Caha Pavel
Published: October 2015

In this paper, I outline the Peeling theory of Case (Starke 2005) and apply it to Case phenomena in adpositional phrases. The Peeling theory says that DPs are base generated with a number of Case related functional projections on top of them, and when they move to the left, they strand some of these projections in situ. To test this theory and the specific predictions it makes, I look at phenomena where a single adposition allows its complement to surface in various Cases and phenomena where a single adposition allows for its complement to either precede or follow. In each case that we will look at, we will be interested in what semantic factors govern such alternations and in what way the DP helps bring about the contrast.
The Czech Locative Chameleon
Authors: Taraldsen Tarald , Medová Lucie
Published: October 2015

We show that under certain circumstances, the Czech locative prepositions (LOC) show up as directional prepositions (DIR) and vice versa, (under different circumstances) the Czech DIR PPs show up as LOC. We argue that such a chameleon life of the PPs is structurally dependent.
Serbian Ps with and without iz and the Superset Principle
Authors: Bašić Monika
Published: October 2015

This paper explores the syntactic behaviour of two classes of apparently synonymous prepositions in Serbian. It is shown that the two classes differ in the degree to which they allow measure phrases and null DP-complements. The analysis proposed captures the observed differences in terms of a detailed syntactic decomposition of PPs, as well as relates the syntactic behaviour of each class to their morphological make-up. The analysis is then extended to account for a similar pattern in English. The goal is to show how the properties of various types of Ps in both English and Serbian can be made to follow from the lexical specification of the particular vocabulary items found in each language.
Resultative Predicates in Japanese
Authors: Takamine Kaori
Published: October 2015

Washio (1997; 1999) observes that resultative predicates are divided into two different groups, strong and weak resultatives, depending on ‘patienthood’ of the object. This typology of resultatives seems to capture a point of crosslinguistic variation in resultatives; Japanese has weak but not strong resultatives, while English has both. Washio also observes that there is another group of examples that bears a superficial resemblance to resultatives but constitutes a different phenomenon, hence spurious resultatives. The difference between weak and strong resultatives is made in terms of the ‘affectedness’ of the verb. Thus the typology of resultatives proposed by Washio is semantically grounded. In this paper, I propose: (i) a fine-grained distinction for Washio’s weak resultatives: (ii) a syntactic analysis of the different resultative types. On the basis of syntactic evidence, I argue that there are two types of weak resultatives, an adjunct of VP and a complement of VP within the vP projection. I also argue that spurious resultatives are structurally higher than weak resultatives in Japanese.
Relexification in a Northern Norwegian dialect?
Authors: Sollid Hilde
Published: October 2015

This paper explores how the process of relexification can contribute to the understanding of the genesis of the new Norwegian dialect of Sappen in Nordreisa. The dialect has emerged in the context of language shift from Finnish to Norwegian, and the dialect syntax has features that might be regarded as products of relexification. One example is declarative main clauses with the finite verb in the third position (V3). The discussion adheres to a more general discussion of approaches to language genesis, where substratist and universalist (and also superstratist) theories often are regarded as contrary to each other. I argue that different theories can contribute to the understanding of different aspects of the same question.
How to start a V2 declarative clause: Transfer of syntax vs. information structure in L2 German
Authors: Bohnacker Ute , Rosén Christina
Published: October 2015

This paper discusses V2 word order and information structure in Swedish, German and non-native German. Concentrating on the clause-initial position of V2 declaratives, the ‘prefield’, we investigate the extent of L1 transfer in a closely related L2. The prefield anchors the clause in discourse, and although almost any type of element can occur in this position, naturalistic text corpora of native Swedish and native German show distinct language-specific patterns. Certain types of elements are more common than others in clause-initial position, and their frequencies in Swedish differ substantially from German (subjects, fronted objects, certain adverbs). Nonnative cross-sectional production data from Swedish learners of German at beginner, intermediate and advanced levels are compared with native control data, matched for age and genre (Bohnacker 2005, 2006, Rosén 2006). The learners’ V2 syntax is largely targetlike, but their beginnings of sentences are unidiomatic. They have problems with the language-specific linguistic means that have an impact on information structure: They overapply the Swedish principle of “rheme later” in their L2 German, indicating L1 transfer at the interface of syntax and discourse pragmatics, especially for structures that are frequent in the L1 (subject-initial and expletive-initial clauses, and constructions with så (‘so’) and object det (‘it/that’)).
A fresh look at root infinitives from a cross-linguistic perspective
Authors: Kupisch Tanja , Rinke Esther
Published: October 2015

In this paper we examine the relation between the quantity and quality of the adult input to the child and the intensity of the root-infinitive stage in child language. We compare the languages English, French, German, Italian and Brazilian Portuguese and test whether children produce infinitives more extensively if the verb morphology of their target-languages is ambiguous with respect to the distinction between finite and nonfinite verb forms, or whether the token-frequency of nonfinite verbs in the Input is crucial. We conclude by proposing that the latter is not decisive. Rather, children seem to avoid the use of finite verb forms especially in languages whose verb paradigms are characterized by ambiguities. Root infinitives may thus be viewed as a temporary phenomenon in a phase during which children are learning the inflectional properties of their target language.
Investigations into children's acquisition of the partitive structure
Authors: Stickney Helen
Published: October 2015

Recent literature suggests that children’s acquisition of DP is a process of gradual feature acquisition (Roeper 2006). This study looks at the acquisition of DP’s barrier feature from the perspective of the acquisition of the syntax of the English partitive construction. This study explores the contrast between the partitive and the pseudopartitive. An adjective preceding the partitive cannot modify the lower noun, but it can in an equivalent pseudopartitive construction. This study shows that children aged 3-5 do not make this distinction, suggesting that children don’t recognize partitive-internal DP as a barrier to adjectival modification.
Limits on P: filling in holes vs. falling in holes
Authors: Svenonius Peter
Published: October 2015

All Germanic languages make extensive use of verb-particle combinations (known as separable-prefix verbs in the OV languages). I show some basic differences here distinguishing the Scandinavian type from the OV West Germanic languages, with English superficially patterning with Scandinavian but actually manifesting a distinct type. Specifically, I argue that the P projection is split into p and P (in accordance with earlier work), roughly analogous to v and V in the verb phrase. In English, p is always present in PP, and enables P to assign case, if P has an internal argument (as it does in "fall in the hole"). The arguments of particle verbs are then arguments of p, external arguments of the particle (as in "throw the rock in"). OV West Germanic allows p to be missing completely, thus having a type of unaccusative particle whose inner argument must receive case from the verb (corresponding to "fall the hole in," impossible in English). Scandinavian allows p to be missing, so that there is no external argument of the particle, but provides an alternative source for case for the internal argument (giving examples corresponding to "pour in the glass"). Thus English and Scandinavian are different from OV West Germanic in lacking the unaccusative type of particle, while Scandinavian differs from OV West Germanic and English in having an alternative source of case.
Introduction
Authors: Anderssen Merete , Westergaard Marit
Published: October 2015

The third volume of the 34th edition of Nordlyd contains the proceedings for a workshop on language acquisition that took place at the Twenty Second Scandinavian Conference of Linguistics (SCL 22). The overall theme of the conference was 'brain, mind and language,' and the workshop invited abstracts in first, second and bilingual acquisition related to this theme. SCL 22 was held at the Centre For Linguistics (CFL) at the University of Aalborg in Denmark on June 19–22, 2006, under the auspices of the Nordic Association of Linguists (NAL).
I músu fu woóko taánga: Restructuring in Saamáka
Authors: Van de Vate Marleen
Published: October 2015

This paper addresses FU constructions in Saamáka. FU constructions are composed of a lexical or auxiliary verb and the complementizer/preposition fu. They convey an aspectual or modality reading. FU constructions have a fixed position in the TMA sequence, and they are placed in between the core TMA morphemes of Saamáka. In this paper, I show that verbs in FU constructions are restructuring verbs and therefore they have a mono-clausal structure.
Stylistic Fronting in the Ormulum - Scandinavian Syntactic Phenomena in Early Middle English Texts
Authors: Trips Carola
Published: October 2015

This paper deals with Scandinavian influence in Early Middle English texts and especially with one syntactic phenomenon, stylistic fronting. It is claimed here that the OV/VO word order change in Early Middle English was triggered by language contact with Scandinavian (Kroch & Taylor, 1997) and that the occurrence of syntactic phenomena like stylistic fronting are taken to be evidence for the heavy impact on the English language that led to this change. The focus of the paper lies on the findings from one Early Middle English poetic text, the Ormulum, which shows non-syntactic as well as syntactic evidence for Scandinavian influence. It is shown that the orders that seem to reflect the fronting operation are indeed true instantiations of stylistic fronting. Moreover, in this text stylistic fronting is a phonological phenomenon, because it is used by Orm, its author, whenever the metrical pattern would otherwise be violated. Thus, it was part of Orm's grammar and he could use it for phonological reasons. The fact that the fronting operation is metrically driven supports Holmberg's (2000) analysis of stylistic fronting as a PF-operation.
Towards the Quantitative Approach to Studying Evolution of English Verb Paradigm
Authors: Glushko Maria
Published: October 2015

The article focuses on corpus quantitative investigation of English diachronic morphology with respect to irregularregular verb classes. General tendencies of the evolution of English verb paradigm are analyzed. Three groups of English verbs have been observed: irregular and regular ones plus goup of verbs on the stage of transition from irregular category into regular one, i.e. possessing both types of conjugation forms. A considerable amount of e-texts has been processed and correspondence of these three verb classes has been revealed. The results reveal existence of certain correlation between the frequency dynamics of the verb and its belonging to irregular or regular conjugation paradigm.
Reflexivity and adjustment strategies at the interfaces
Authors: Teomiro Ismael
Published: October 2015

I argue in this work that Reinhart & Reuland’s (1993) conditions A and B hold for Spanish. I provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that this language makes use of both SE and SELF-anaphors. Inherent reflexive verbs undergo an internal argument reduction operation in the lexicon. However, the syntax always requires two arguments. Therefore certain clitics, which are SE-anaphors, are inserted in these derivations. This is a last-resort mechanism that makes an adjustment between the valence of the lexical entry of the verb and the requirements of the syntax in order for the derivation to converge at the C-I interface. These clitics are syntactic arguments. Nevertheless, they are not interpreted as semantic arguments since they violate the double chain condition, which forces nominal elements to share both a tense and thematic features with the verb and the tense heads. Non- inherent reflexive verbs require the presence of a SELF-anaphor, which is formed out of a SE-anaphor along with a protector SELF element. Therefore, both syntactic elements are interpreted as two distinguishable semantic elements at C-I despite the fact that there is binding between them both. The interpretation of both syntactic elements as just one semantic element is a pragmatic epiphenomenon.
Restrictions on reflexive and anti-causative readings in nominalizations and participles
Authors: Lundquist Björn
Published: October 2015

This article discusses the absence of reflexive or self-caused readings in certain types of participles and de-verbal nominalizations, like the hanging of the suicidal patient and The suicidal patient was hanged yesterday. I argue that the “anti-reflexive” reading is not triggered by the presence of a subject PRO or pro, but rather by the absence of reflexive marking, i.e. overt marking that functions to recode lexically specified co-reference relations between the arguments of a predicate. I argue that the verb-phrase needs to be decomposed into at least two subparts/subevents and that each sub-event carries information about the participants involved in it (as in e.g. Pustejovsky 1995 and Ramchand 2008b). More specifically, arguments receive their thematic information from indices on verbal heads that introduces sub-events. Event-denoting nominalizations and participles in general inherit the event structure from the verb, i.e. the indices present in the verbal roots. I further argue that simple reflexives can be verbal heads, that are inserted as a last resort when there is a mismatch between the lexically stored information of a verb and the structure generated in the syntax. This article focuses on data from Swedish, but comparisons will be made with English.
Language Change and Language Acquisition
Authors: Hróarsdóttir Thorbjörg
Published: October 2015

The aim of this paper is to present diachronic changes in terms of the conditions of first language acquisition. Grammars, seen as mental organs, may change between two generations. A change is initiated when (a population of) learners converge on a grammatical system which differs in at least one parameter value from the system internalized by the speakers of the previous generation. Learnability issues then connect to both language acquisition and language change, and understanding language changes depends on understanding how children acquire their native language. Acquisition is a process in which Universal Grammar (UG) interacts with a context-specific set of Primary Linguistic Data (PLD: the linguistic input to the child-learner) and uses these PLD as the source for triggers or cues that map the innate (preexperience) knowledge to a mature grammar. If a certain phenomenon has survived through many generations, it must have been reflected clearly in the PLD. Then, if we note that it has changed, something in the language performance of the previous generation must have changed, and thereby paved the way for a new interpretation. Innovation leading to linguistic variation in the PLD and gradual changes in PLD play a central role in the explanation here: the immediate cause of a grammar change must lie in some alternation in the PLD. We will look at how the language spoken in a certain community (E-language) may gradually become different from the language that originally served as the triggering experience. These changes in the E-language also mean changes in the input available to the child-learners of the next generation and a motivation for a different parameter setting has arisen.
An argument for phrasal spell-out: Indefinites and interrogatives in Spanish
Authors: Fábregas Antonio
Published: October 2015

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In this article we will provide evidence in favour of Phrasal Spell Out (PSO), a procedure of lexical insertion where non-terminal nodes in a tree configuration can be targeted by spell-out. We will propose that the formal differences between two Spanish indefinite pronouns, alguien and alguno, can be captured if the morpheme -ien is analyzed as a lexical item which corresponds to a syntactic phrase; this phrase, crucially, is broken in the presence of a plural number projection. Independent properties of the internal syntactic structure of the interrogative make the lexical item -ien compatible with plural in that configuration.<-->
The nanosyntax of Hungarian postpositions
Authors: Dékány Éva
Published: October 2015

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This article considers evidence for a Nanosyntactic approach to language from Hungarian PPs. Hungarian postpositions can be divided into classes: those which take a complement without morphologically visible case (dressed postpositions), and those which take an oblique complement (naked postpositions). This paper argues that in narrow syntax, both types of postpositions subcategorize for a KP complement. The difference between the two classes is captured in terms of the amount of structure they spell out. Dressed postpositions spell out both material in the P-domain and K, thus no Case is needed or possible on the complement, while naked postpositions spell out only material in the P-domain but not K, therefore their complement needs case. It is shown that from the proposed lexical representations an empirically motivated and insightful analysis of Hungarian postpositions ensues, which elegantly captures the different word-order possibilities of the two classes.
Agreement in specificational sentences in Faroese
Authors: Heycock Caroline
Published: October 2015

This paper examines the patterns of agreement found in Faroese in sentences where there are two noun phrases with which the verb could potentially agree, a situation that arises in “specificational” or “inverse” copular sentences of the type The problem is/are your parents. It is well-known that in some languages (for example English) agreement is obligatorily with the first noun phrase, while in others (for example Italian) it is obligatorily with the second. Here we show that Faroese robustly exhibits both patterns, and that their distribution is strongly affected by other aspects of the syntax of the sentences in which they occur.
Attitudes and geographical variation in the use of pragmatic particles in Faroese: The case of sært tú, hoyr(ir) tú, skilir tú and veitst tú
Authors: Tamminen-Parre Saija
Published: October 2015

The study presents the results of a preliminary investigation of the use of a number of pragmatic particles in Faroese: sært tú ‘you see’, hoyr(ir) tú ‘listen’, skilir tú ‘you understand’, and veitst tú ‘y’know’. The data were collected through questionnaires and interviews and analyzed in relation to the social variable settlement. Data were collected from the five settlements of Tórshavn, Sandur, Tvøroyri, Klaksvík, and Fuglafjørður. The study found geographical variation in the use of the pragmatic particles and discusses the attitudes people in the Faroe Islands have towards the use of pragmatic particles.
Faroese long-distance reflexives face off against Icelandic long-distance reflexives
Authors: Strahan Tania E.
Published: October 2015

Long-distance reflexives (LDRs) in Faroese are often compared to those in Icelandic, and are even considered to have the same distribution (Thráinsson et al., 2004). In this paper I evaluate the extent to which this is true. The results from recent fieldwork show that there are clear differences between the LDR in the two closely related languages, in particular that Faroese speakers often reject LDR sentences that contain a non-third person, and that Faroese LDR is often completely acceptable out of a non-complement clause. In addition, initial findings suggest that there may be dialectal variation with respect to at least these two aspects of LDR in Faroese.
Configurational constraints on non-eventive nominalizations in Spanish
Authors: Jaque Hidalgo Matías , Martín García Josefa
Published: October 2015

This paper examines the structural and semantics properties of non-eventive nominalizations in Spanish. By applying the decomposition of verbs developed by Ramchand (2008), we identify several configurational constraints in the formation and interpretation of nominalizations. We propose that the notion of ‘result’ actually covers different structures, and that a distinction between objects and states is needed. Then, we observe that predicates that have ProcP and ResP can yield both eventive nominalizations and stative nominalizations, whereas those predicates that have ProcP and an internal argument in its complement position can give rise both to eventive nominalizations and to object nominalizations. An important generalization arises also from the position of internal arguments. Those internal arguments that occupy a specifier position can never be taken as the meaning of a given nominalization. Therefore, we arrive at the conclusion that a nominalization can take an eventive projection and whatever is in its complement position (either an internal argument or a new subeventive projection) but cannot lexicalize specifiers, which have to be independently spelt out.