bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metamorphic Rock-Hosted Orogenic Gold Deposit Type as a Source of Langkowala Placer Gold, Bombana, Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Idrus Arifudin , Nur I. , Warmada I. W. , Fadlin Fadlin
Published: March 2024

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.v6i1.114In 2008, placer gold was discovered in Langkowala area (Bombana Regency), Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, and more than 60,000 traditional gold miners in the early 2009 have been operating by digging vertical pits and panning active stream sediments. The grade of placer gold ranges from 50 to 140 g/t. Local geological framework indicates that the placer gold is not related to volcanic rock-related hydrothermal gold deposit, e.g. epithermal, skarn or porphyry. This paper describes a preliminary study on possible primary deposit type as a source of the Langkowala (Bombana) secondary placer gold. A field study indicates that the Langkowala (Bombana) placer/paleoplacer gold is possibly related to gold-bearing quartz veins/veinlets hosted by metamorphic rocks particularly mica schist and metasediments in the area. These quartz veins/veinlets are currently recognized in metamorphic rocks at Wumbubangka Mountains, a northern flank of Rumbia Mountain Range. Sheared, segmented quartz veins/veinlets are of 2 cm to 2 m in width and contain gold in a grade varying between 2 and 61 g/t. At least, there are two generations of the quartz veins. The first generation of quartz vein is parallel to foliation of mica schist and metasediments with general orientation of N 300oE/60o; the second quartz vein generation crosscut the first quartz vein and the foliation of the wallrock. The first quartz veins are mostly sheared/deformed, brecciated, and occasionally sigmoidal, whereas the second quartz veins are relatively massive. The similar quartz veins/veinlets types are also probably present in Mendoke Mountain Range, in the northern side of Langkowala area. This primary gold deposit is called as ‘orogenic gold type’. The orogenic gold deposit could be a new target of gold exploration in Indonesia in the future.
The Characteristics of Lahar in Merapi Volcano, Central Java as the Indicator of the Explosivity during Holocene
Authors: Sudradjat Adjat , Syafri Ildrem , Paripurno E. T.
Published: March 2024

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.v6i2.116Merapi Volcano in Central Java has been the most active volcano during Holocene time. As a strato volcano, Merapi exhibits alternating volcanic activities of effusive and explosive characters and self destruction. The explosivity index has evolved during the last ten thousand years. The effusive activities were characterized by the occurrence of lava flows, the development of lava dome, and the production of the “nuee ardente d’avalanche” called Merapi type. The explosive stage is frequently accompanied by the occurence of pyroclastic flows. The present investigation is attempted to reveal the relationship between the characteristics of lahar and the evolution of the activity of Merapi Volcano. The quantitative analysis was focused on the size and shape of the lahar components particularly that of pumice as the main indicators in 73 measured stratigraphic columns of lahar deposits. In addition, the main chemical element rim structures of hornblende identified in lahar components indicate the different lahar units. There are five lahar units and five groups of Merapi activities which can be distinguished. It can be concluded that the characteristics of lahar reflect the evolution of the activities in the past. The risk analyses of Merapi Volcano therefore can be enlarged to cover the possible hazard based on the lahar characteristics.
Geochemical Evidence of Island-Arc Origin for Sumatra Island; A New Perspective based on Volcanic Rocks in Lampung Province, Indonesia
Authors: Zulkarnain Iskandar
Published: March 2024

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.v6i4.128Since decades, Sumatra Island is considered as the Eurasia continental margin where the Indian Ocean plate has been subducted oblique beneath the continental plate of Sumatra. But, the occurrences of volcanic rocks in almost all areas of Lampung Province in the southernmost of Sumatra Island, as the presence of the Quaternary Tanggamus Volcano in the western part of the province together with the Quaternary Rajabasa Volcano in the eastern area cannot be justified using the consideration. Spider diagrams of trace and rare earth elements of volcanic rocks from the western and eastern areas of the province reveal that the rocks come from three different tectonic settings, namely island-arc, active continental margin (ACM), and intra continental plate. All basalt and one dacite of western volcanic rocks show a character of island-arc origin, while the eastern volcanic rocks are reflecting characters of ACM and intra continental plate. Plot of the rocks in the diagram of Ta/Yb versus Ce/P and in Ta/Yb versus Th/Yb confirmed the tectonic environments and specifically classify the intra continental plate into Within Plate Volcanic Zone (WPVZ). The island-arc group is characterized by Ta/Yb ratio of less than 2.0 and Ce/P less than 1.8. The ACM group is recognized having Ta/Yb ratio between 2 and 4 with Ce/P more 1.8, while the WPVZ group is defined as a group having Ta/Yb more than 6 and Ce/P more than 1.0. The result indicates that the western part of Sumatra is an island-arc fragment and the eastern part belongs to the Eurasia continental margin. The concentration of volcanics having ACM character from areas around the Sumatra Fault System to the east indicates that the collision zone between the Sumatra island-arc fragments with the Eurasia continental margin is probably located along the SFS. More statistical data is still needed from other Sumatra volcanics to confirm this conclusion.
The Paleo-Orientations of Northwestern Borneo and Adjacent South China Sea Basins
Authors: Tjia H. D.
Published: March 2024

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.v7i2.136Limited paleomagnetic data from West Kalimantan and southwestern Sarawak appear to indicate counter-clockwise (CCW) rotation of over 50 degrees during Cenozoic. On the other hand, similar studies from Sabah show conflicting results in terms of paleo-positions. This CCW information and other plate tectonic considerations have formed the base of Southeast Asia’s plate reconstructions that have seen print in a number of updated versions. The existing publications on extensive field and exploration data, including geological stress fields from wellbore breakouts, on northwestern Borneo and basins of South China Sea have not been taken into account. The latter wealth of information already established that the region under discussion consists of a mosaic-like assemblage of diverse tectono-stratigraphic terranes, each with separate tectonic development. Stress fields changed in different ways in the different terranes indicating definitively that regional, progressive CCW rotation of Borneo is not possible.
Directed Volcanic Blast as a Tragedy of October 26Th, 2010 at Merapi Volcano, Central Java
Authors: Sutawidjaja Igan S.
Published: March 2024

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.v8i3.163Merapi is an active strato volcano located in Central Java. This volcano is regarded as the most active and most dangerous volcano in Indonesia. Since the twentieth century, the activities have comprised mainly the effusive growth of viscous lava domes and lava tongues, with occasional gravitational collapses of parts of over-steepened domes producing pyroclastic flows, commonly defined as “Merapi-Type”. Since October 2010, however, explosive eruptions of a relatively large size have occurred to VEI 4, and some associated pyroclastic flows were larger and had farther reach than any produced on July 2006. These events may also be regarded as another type of eruptions for Merapi. On October26th, 2010 such event happened, even though it was not caused by pyroclastic flows of the dome collapses, about thirty people were killed including Mbah Marijan, known as the Merapi volcano's spiritual gatekeeper, who was found dead at his home approximately 4 km from the crater. The Yogyakarta Palace subsequently confirmed his death. This time the disaster was caused by a sudden directed blast that took place at 17:02 pm throughout Cangkringan, Kinahrejo Village, at the south flank of Merapi Volcano. The victims were the local people who did not predict the blast threatened their areas, because they believed that the pyroclastic flows from the dome collapses as long as they knew, did not threaten their areas, and pyroclastic flows would flow down following the Boyong River as the closest valley to their village. The blast swept an area about 8 km2, reaching about 5 km in distance, deposited thin ash, and toppled all trees to the south around the Kinahrejo and Pakem areas. The blast that reached Kinahrejo Village seemed to have moderate temperatures, because all trees facing the crater were not burnt. However, the victims were affected by dehydration and blanketed by fine ash.
MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA DESIGN WITH ENHANCED RADIATION EFFICIENCY FOR 5G 60 GHZ MILLIMETER-WAVE SYSTEMS
Authors: Irıqat Sanaa , Yenikaya Sibel
Published: March 2024

In this paper, a wideband, high-gain microstrip patch antenna design for 60 GHz applications is presented. The chosen substrate material is Rogers RT 5880, with a thickness of 1.6 mm, a relative permittivity of 2.2, and a loss tangent of 0.0009. Initially, a simple rectangular patch antenna is designed. To address the challenges of low gain and low radiation efficiency, two rectangular parasitic elements are introduced. These parasitic elements interact with the main radiator, resulting in improved gain and radiation efficiency. In the final step, an extended ground plane structure is adopted to further enhance return loss, radiation efficiency, and gain. The proposed antenna achieves a high gain of 13.10 dBi and a maximum radiation efficiency of 90% with a compact size of 13.6 × 10.6 mm2. For bandwidth calculations, given that the 60 GHz frequency band is known for its challenging propagation environment, the -15 dB criteria is chosen instead of the commonly used -10 dB criterion. According to this -15 dB criterion, the antenna exhibits wideband behavior spanning from 55 to 65 GHz, offering an impressive impedance bandwidth of 10 GHz. This design demonstrates significant potential for 60 GHz applications.
COMFORT PERCEPTIONS OF VISITORS OF PUBLIC OPEN SPACE “DIENG BOULEVARD” WONOSOBO, INDONESIA
Authors: Hermawan Hermawan , Svajlenka Jozef , Faqih Nasyiin , Arrizqi Annisa Nabila , Sofwan Hafi
Published: March 2024

Public space is a place for community interaction outside the home. Adequate public space will improve the quality of human life. It is essential to evaluate the public's perception of facilities in public spaces so that public spaces can be utilized properly. The research objective is to assess the perception of public space in Dieng Boulevard Wonosobo, Central Java, Indonesia. The research method uses qualitative methods with data collection through questionnaires. The assessment is based on a Likert scale. Analysis of the data using diagrams to generate the percentage of perception. Data interpretation using descriptive. The results showed that the overall facilities on Dieng Boulevard still tended to be good. Some of the facilities on Dieng Boulevard are considered by visitors to be quite good so that the quality of the facilities needs to be improved.
SITE PROCESSING ASSESSMENT TYPE A BUS TERMINAL IN SURAKARTA BASED ON ECO-TECH ARCHITECTURE THEORY
Authors: Ratitya Fika Aura
Published: March 2024

Abstract - Problems that are often seen in bus terminals are identical to air pollution, noise pollution and excessive use of energy in their operations, so that the bus terminal has a negative impact on the surrounding environment. Solving these problems can be done by site processing that applies Eco-Tech architectural theory. Eco-Tech architecture encourages environmentally-based designs combined with smart building design technology, is energy efficient, environmentally friendly and provides a sense of comfort for users. The theory is closely related to the principle of Green Building, where building design now must refer to the concept of green buildings. Assessment can be through the Greenship reference standard set by the Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI). One of the principles used in this assessment is appropriate land use management at the type A bus terminal site in Surakarta. This principle aims to assess and determine the condition of the site and its surroundings, the efficiency of land management, and rainwater treatment in the site in the future. This research method uses a qualitative method and provides an index value based on secondary data through the problem identification stage, inputting theory and literacy which is then followed by data analysis, and produces a conclusion, namely the application of this principle has not been fully applied to the design of the bus terminal in Surakarta.Keywords – Bus station, Surakarta City, Appropriate site, Eco-Tech
CO-HOUSING: A SOLUTION TOWARD SUSTAINABLE SETTLEMENT IN BATAM CITY
Authors: Christina Elva , Rangkuty Gladies Imanda Utami
Published: March 2024

The increasing population urges the need for space as a place to live in urban areas with limited land. In addition, the population of Batam City are dominated by millennials with low financial ability but high social capital. That can trigger the construction of illegal houses, which sometimes do not meet the criteria for settlements that are slums, reaching fifteen hectares in the Belian Village of Batam City Sub-District. It is necessary to adapt collaborative housing (co-housing) with minimal land use. However, it can provide space as a place to live and socialize as much as possible, including residents in building management. The methodology of this research is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach to the condition of the city of Batam, which is observed directly by paying attention to the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, as well as co-housing design considerations. Thus, this study resulted in recommendations for the design of co-housing buildings with facilities and features close to the site, spatial layout and planning that are to the needs of the target user, a property model that is by the user's abilities, and screening and curation process that the user can accept. The sustainability of settlements can also be the result of adapting the co-housing concept in Batam.
DIGITAL ARCHITECTURE AS A MEANS OF NATURE-BASED THERAPY FOR DISABILITY COMMUNITIES
Authors: Prabawa Made Suryanatha
Published: March 2024

People with disabilities tend to suffer from mental discomfort. They can lack self-confidence because they have physical limitations. Therapy is needed so that people with disabilities can be more confident in society and social life. Nowadays there are many conventional mental therapies, but they are still not optimal in providing healing, it is necessary to create a new idea or breakthrough that can make therapeutic solutions more effective and enjoyable. The presence of current IT technology can be used as a medicinal solution, one of which is by utilizing virtual reality or VR. VR is a natural reality or an artificial environment that can be designed in such a way that it becomes an environment that is needed according to the target. In VR, it is necessary to design an artificial environment or terrain to be able to provide therapeutic effects based on a calming and comfortable natural environment. Architecture can enter here in the realm of digital architecture, architects can be involved in designing the terrain so that the terrain space can become a room that is optimal for mental therapy. Several studies have shown that using VR technology and architecture (space design) for mental therapy purposes is proven to be effective and, when combined, have a better healing effect than conventional therapy. Based on this understanding, the future must consider VR and Architectural Design as a science in forming effective and efficient mental therapy.
ANALYSIS OF THE CORRELATION OF POPULATION GROWTH TO FULFILLMENT OF THE SUPPORT CAPACITY OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES IN SUKABUMI DISTRICT (CASE STUDY OF CISAAT DISTRICT AND SURADE DISTRICT)
Authors: Darsono Haris
Published: March 2024

The development of a city cannot be separated from the availability of city facilities and infrastructure to fulfill people's needs. One very important aspect is the aspect of education, in which the development of these educational facilities is not only the domain of the government in its implementation, recently there have been many private roles that have made breakthroughs in the education sector. This research collects data accumulatively based on the level of education starting from elementary, junior high to high school, without disaggregating education data. The quantitative method used in this research uses data sources from the Statistics Agency of Sukabumi Regency. The data is processed and tested in advance related to the correlation between related variables, the results of the correlation test will show whether there is a significant relationship between the rate of population growth and the number of students and the fulfillment of the carrying capacity of existing schools. If the test results find a significant correlation, it will be followed by a projection of the carrying capacity needs of educational facilities for the next 10 years. It is hoped that the results of this study will become a reference for increasing the capacity and quality of educational facilities in the future. From the research results it was found that there was a significant relationship between population growth and the number of students and the carrying capacity of educational facilities. Based on this research, it is possible to calculate the estimated need for school facilities for the next 10 years which can be used as a basis for planning and developing educational facilities in Sukabumi district.
OPTIMIZATION OF LIGHTING INTENSITY IN BATAM PUBLIC LIBRARY READING ROOM
Authors: Budiman Yovita Yolanda , Suwarlan Stivani Ayuning
Published: March 2024

Lighting is one of the most critical components that support human life and other living creature. Poor illumination can impede users’ ability to use a building or space effectively. Library is one of the places that require good light spread so that users feel comfortable when doing activities in it. The Batam City public library is a library located on the fourth floor of the Batam City joint office. This library only has four small apertures in the form of windows for a 13.2 meter x 9 meter area, therefore sunlight cannot distribute evenly. Therefore, one solution to ensure that the library room has a suitable distribution of light is to employ artificial lighting. According to a questionnaire distributed to visitors and staff of Batam City public libraries, 82.4% of respondents believed that lighting in Batam City public libraries was still inadequate. This study used data from direct field observations, interviews with staff and library visitors, questionnaire distribution, and literature review. This research uses quantitative methods by calculating light intensity through the simulation of dialux software. Simulations were carried out in the catalogue room and the library reading room. Changing the colour of the wall surface, the furniture arrangement and the lights' placement are some experiments done to provide a good distribution of light. This study aims to evaluate and obtain lighting simulation results for the public library in Batam City that adheres to the SNI standard (300 LUX).
Architecture as A Physical, Psychological & Spiritual Science, A Case Study on Indo-Aryan Architecture
Authors: Fazeli Dr Hengameh , Negarestan Esmaeil
Published: March 2024

Primitive dwellings and traditional houses were commonly built by the local craftsmen or by the dwellers themselves, both under the supervision of a spiritual figure called the spirit-man who was present to give guidance on a spiritual level and lead the performance of ritual ceremonies connected with the construction. With the development of social communities and advancement of knowledge, the architect gradually became the only person in charge of the whole process of designing; who was in fact professional in a wide range of sciences including mathematics and geometry, history, philosophy, physics, astrology, human inner system and medicine. These sciences were necessary to equip the architect with proper knowledge in dealing with different aspects of human living as physical, psychological and spiritual, occurring in every piece of architecture. Therefore, the building designed in this way was able to provide different needs of each household. However, as science advanced and the material views became popular, holistic views towards architecture got abandoned, and replaced with specialized sciences dealing with physical aspect of living, in the 20th century and the architectural education architect became confined to merely visual arts and physical comfort. Although many scholars such as Christopher Oliver, Christopher Day or Cooper Marcus, tried to emphasize on the importance of psychological aspects of human system, using traditional buildings as successful examples of architecture, the spiritual side of architecture remained unrevealed. The sciences of geomancy, human spiritual anatomy and astrology used to be important elements of design in traditional societies, that lead to creation of sciences such as Feng Shui or Vastru Shastra. This article, studying the art and architecture of Indo-Aryan societies, aims at introducing architecture as a combination of physical, psychological and spiritual sciences to help create buildings that not only provide physical comfort, but also promote health.
DESIGN OF PASAMAN CULTURE CENTER USING MINANGKABAU SYMBOLISM ARCHITECTURE APPROACH
Authors: Pradini Purnama Sakhrial
Published: March 2024

Pasaman is one of the districts in the province of West Sumatra, Indonesia. The district capital is located in Lubuk sikaping, which is dominated by the Minangkabau ethnic group. Minangkabau is one of the tribes that is famous for its culture, language, special food, traditional houses, and various branches of art. However, over time, this art has begun to be abandoned. The entry of foreign culture is one of the factors that affect the decline in public interest in Pasaman Regency towards Minangkabau culture.In Pasaman itself there are still a small group of cultural circles who are still trying to preserve Minangkabau culture which the Pasaman local government is currently paying attention to, such as holding inter-nagari festivals. From this it can be seen that there are still people who care about Minangkabau culture in Pasaman, to preserve this culture it is necessary to have a Pasaman culture center as a forum that is able to regenerate public interest in Minangkabau culture, a gathering place for culturalists and art connoisseurs to continue to preserve culture. The Minangkabau architectural concept approach aims to give the nuances of Minangkabau customs, strengthen the image as a means of preservation and promotion of art and culture and its unique form will attract visitors to come and show the regional context through symbols as a characteristic of Minangkabau in Pasaman.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE KAMPUNG KOTA PROGRAM IN EFFORTS TO HANDLE SLUM SETTLEMENTS ON PHYSICAL ASPECTS TO ACHIEVE RESILIENT INDONESIA 2045: CASE STUDY NYENGSERET VILLAGE, BANDUNG CITY
Authors: Pebrian Candra Dwi , Pamungkas Radya , Muzni Ammar Hilmi , Alamsyah Rizky
Published: March 2024

Settlement activities are a forum for human life not only concerning physical and technical aspects but also aspects of social, economic, cultural aspects and its residents. The form of settlements in the city not only consists of 'formal' settlements designed and planned by modern city planners with their master plans, but there are also settlement orders that are considered 'informal' by the modernists, called village, the image of Bandung city cannot be separated from the existence of villages with the peculiarities of all forms, spatial orders and architectural characteristics. Related to this, there is a vital issue for all residents of the city. As a result of this, the provision of affordable settlements can increase social and political stability and increase people's income. Therefore, Tough Indonesia in 2045.
Online Support Community Building: An Interpersonal Pragmatic Study of Medical Sharing Discourse
Authors: Wang Meiqi
Published: March 2024

The online support community is composed of netizens who have experienced shared stressful events or diseases. Few studies have focused on the mechanism of online community maintenance and construction. New rapport management model, as the frontier theory of interpersonal pragmatics, can avoid the limited coverage of linguistic evidence in sociological or communication approach. Medical sharing discourse is the true-life recording of personal medical experience in online community. As a new type of health discourse, it has become the main source for Chinese people to attain medical information. With complex interactive roles and special interpersonal contexts, it can best reflect interlocutors’ awareness of community building. Based on new rapport management model, this study focuses on the medical sharing discourse in China’s biggest online community Red Booklet. The discourse model and its interpersonal function in community maintenance will be elaborated in detail. Results show that bloggers have specific language selection in five language domains. Bloggers’ proper manipulation of interests, emotion, face, rights and obligations and communicative objectives in interaction contributes to the construction of online community.
Anthropocentric Breakdown of Ecology: A Structural Analysis of Ecological Disasters Narratives within the MaddAddam Trilogy
Authors: Wei Qing-Qi , Wang Zhi-Lin
Published: March 2024

This article delves into the narratives of ecological disasters within Margaret Atwood’s MaddAddam trilogy from a structural perspective, offering an in-depth analysis that transcends the mere textual presentation. In the scope of Harmonious Discourse Analysis, the study further scrutinizes the intricate web of relationships that make up the narrative system zeroing in on the core “human problems”, unveiling the underlying dynamics propelling the relentless cycle of ecological catastrophes depicted in Atwood’s works. At the heart of this analysis lies the notion of anthropocentrism, the excessive human interference that ultimately leads to irreversible disruptions in the natural world. The chaotic and dystopian world depicted in the trilogy is not merely a product of fiction but a speculative projection of a future where the prevailing anthropocentric mindset persists.
On the Transitivity Analysis of Research Article Abstracts from Science
Authors: Lin Rong , Zhao Mi , Guo Jing , Liu Wenwen , Jin Qiong , Ma Zijie
Published: March 2024

Based on Halliday’s Systemic-Functional Grammar and transitivity theory, this study carries out an analysis in article abstracts of English for Science and Technology (EST), and randomly selects 30 abstracts as the original data from the latest periodical Science (Dec. 2022–Mar. 2023) with the instruments Qualitative Coder 1.1 and SPSS 22. Findings indicate that: 1) 30 abstracts only cover 5 transitivity processes; 2) constituent ratio differentiation of selected transitivity processes are statistically significant (X2 = 86.506，P < 0.05) ; 3) the study analyzes high-frequency verbs of transitivity processes aiming at offering English non-native scholars some guidelines in the writing of research article abstracts.
Insight in the consistency of care pathway of patients newly diagnosed with stage 1A1 cervical cancer
Authors: Manuel Sujjanna A. L. , Nunns David
Published: March 2024

Background: This study aimed to assess the consistency of care pathway in patients diagnosed with stage 1A1 cervical cancer in our hospital.
Methods: Retrospective analysis of care pathway of patients with stage 1A1 cervical cancer over the last 5years 2017-2022 by accessing their electronic records. Data collected were, information given to patients and their GP of cancer diagnosis, access to clinical nurse specialist, patient information leaflet, Multidisciplinary Team review, discussion of treatment following primary LLETZ and follow up.
Results: Total 45 patients were diagnosed with stage 1A1 cervical cancer.  All patients and their GPs were sent letters about their diagnosis and plan for further management   after multidisciplinary team discussion.  Access to clinical nurse specialists noted in 16, and provision of patient information leaflet noted in 9 patient records. Regarding treatment 14 patients had a repeat LLETZ, 7 patients underwent hysterectomy, 5 patients had a second LLETZ procedure followed by hysterectomy and 19 had routine follow up (colposcopy and cervical smear). Follow up of the 33 patients who had LLETZ as definitive treatment, 1patient had recurrence of cancer and 2 patients had low grade dyskaryosis. Histology post hysterectomy, 5 patients had no evidence of CIN, 6 patients showed CIN with complete excision, and no cases of CIN with incomplete excision.  All vault smears were negative for malignancy.
Conclusions: The clinical standards of management were in par with expectations, however, to improve unmet holistic needs (access to information of support groups, clinical nurse specialists, patient information leaflets).
Utility in the obstetric high dependency unit and intensive care unit in tertiary medical center in Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Jegora Assefa A. , Ahmed Ephrem H. , Mohamed Menbeu S. , Laytin Adam D. , Negussie Ayida T.
Published: March 2024

Background: Globally, an estimated 10.7 million women have died due to obstetric complications in the last two decades, and two-thirds of these deaths occurred in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aims to assess the utility of the obstetric high dependency unit and intensive care unit and maternal outcome in a tertiary medical center in Ethiopia.
Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on critically ill obstetric clients admitted to St. Paul's Hospital Millennium medical college obstetric HDU from October 2020 to September 2022 and before the establishment of the obstetric HDU (who were admitted to the medical ICU). Binary and multivariate logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with maternal mortality before the establishment of the maternal HDU.
Results: The minimum duration in both units was one day. The maximum duration was 14 days for HDU and 26 days for ICU. Following the establishment of the maternity HDU, the ICU admission rate decreased to 1.2 per 1000 deliveries. Obstetric patients diagnosed with DIC and HELLP syndrome upon admission to the ICU had a 4.9 times higher risk of mortality compared to their counterparts. Obstetric women admitted to the ICU and treated with inotropic agents or vasopressors had a 33.8 times higher risk of mortality compared to their counterparts.
Conclusions: Obstetric admissions to the ICU significantly decreased following the establishment of the maternity HDU. Obstetric patients diagnosed with DIC and HELLP syndrome are more likely to develop unfavorably outcome.
Effect of ulipristal acetate on leomyoma of uterus
Authors: Akter Roksana , Begum Ferdousi , Abdul Alim M. , Rahim Nahid Binte , Rasna Shadia Azmain , Rahman Tasnim , Ferdous Khaleda , Liza Kamrun Nahar
Published: March 2024

Background: The efficacy and side-effect profile of ulipristal acetate (UPA) for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids before surgery are unclear. Main objective of the study to see the effect of UPA on leomyoma.
Methods: An observational clinical trial was conducted at the department of gynaecology and obstetrics, Sir Salimullah medical college and Mitford hospital, Dhaka, from January to June 2015. Thirty women aged 18-48 with symptomatic fibroid uterus were studied. They received Tablet UPA 5 mg/day for 3 months. Evaluation included history taking, physical examination, pelvic ultrasonography, and necessary investigations.
Results: The majority of patients (43.3%) were ≤30 years old. Before intervention, heavy bleeding was observed in all patients until the 8th day of menstruation. During intervention, majority had no bleeding from the 5th to 8th day, with only a few experiencing heavy bleeding on the 7th and 8th day. After intervention, most patients had no bleeding from the 5th to 8th day, with a few reporting spotting on the 5th day. Before treatment, 60% had fibroid size >10 cm2. After treatment, 92.3% had fibroid size <10 cm2, with 7.7% showing no fibroids. Mean uterine size decreased post-treatment. Majority (57.7%) had hemoglobin >11 gm/dl. Side effects included headache (11.5%), hot flashes (15.4%), and nausea/vertigo (19.2%). Treatment success rate was 86.7%.
Conclusions: In a group of selected patients with fibroid uterus and heavy menstrual bleeding, UPA (5 mg/day for 3 months) successfully decreases blood loss and shrinks fibroid and uterine size by 86.7%.
Association of metabolic syndrome with gestational hypertension
Authors: Khan Nowsheen , Basit Syed , Ahmed Danish
Published: March 2024

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a group of clinical, metabolic and biochemical abnormalities with negative impact on global health. The aim of the study was to determine the association between metabolic syndrome and pregnancy induced hypertension, and incidence and effects of metabolic syndrome in pregnant patients.
Methods: Prospective observational study, performed in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Holy Family Hospital, New Delhi. Antenatal women before 20 weeks of gestation were enrolled in the study. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed by utilizing the pregnancy adaptation of MeS criteria of NCEPATP III laboratory and clinical criteria. Cases were followed throughout pregnancy to observe their progression into hypertensive disorders of pregnancy i.e. gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia.
Results: Out of 100 cases with metabolic syndrome 37% developed PIH, 21 developed pre-eclampsia and 14 developed gestational hypertension, 2 patients developed eclampsia as compared to controls in which only 10% developed PIH among which only 3% developed pre-eclampsia.
Conclusions: Our study demonstrates a higher rate of complicated pregnancy with higher incidence of PIH in association with metabolic syndrome compared to control group. Each component of metabolic syndrome increases the probability of PIH. The addition of components of metabolic syndrome exacerbates this probability, especially the combination of increased BMI, increased blood sugar levels and increased triglycerides.
Association of abruptio placenta in patient with pre-eclampsia with severe features and without severe features
Authors: Nagaraj Rakshith , Ramakrishnappa Hemalatha C. , Chandrashekhar Anusha B. , L. Iyengar Swathi
Published: March 2024

Background: Placental abruption is responsible for increased risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Studies specific to placental abruption in pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) are still lacking. This study is designed to focus on collecting data on placental abruption and to objectively determine its impact on the outcome of pregnancy complicated with PIH in terms of improving fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality.
Methods: This was retrospective observational study conducted at Cheluvamba Hospital, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute (MMCRI), Mysore, in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology. All pregnant women with diagnosis of abruptio placenta over 28 weeks and with PIH between January 2022 to August 2023 were included. Data was collected from medical records department and results were analysed.
Results: During the study period there were total of 14027 deliveries. Of this 63 (0.44%) occurred in patients with placental abruption with PIH. Mean age group was 24.57 years; majority were multigravida (58.46%) Majority were preterm (77.77%). 61.90% had pre-eclampsia with severe features. Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 151.90 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 98.73 mmHg. 65.08% delivered by caesarean section. 47.61% was the perinatal mortality, perinatal asphyxia was 45.71%, prematurity was 65.71%, low birth weight was 84.12%. 71.42% was the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission rate. Maternal complications seen was postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) (31.74%), requiring blood and blood products transfusion (63.49%), coagulopathy (14.28%), shock (12.69%). 4 women developed severe features of pre-eclampsia in postpartum period, 2 of them needed MgSO4. 58.73% had requirement of antihypertensives in postpartum period.
Conclusions: Abruption is one of the obstetric emergencies. In our study severe adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes were more pronounced in pre-eclampsia with severe features and it needs an individual and intense surveillance and management to have better maternal and perinatal outcome.
Analysis of socio-economic factors influencing caesarean section rates in Maharashtra, India
Authors: Khadse Rushikesh Premdas
Published: March 2024

Background: The aim of the present study is to investigate the socio-demographic and economic determinants of caesarean (C-) section deliveries in Maharashtra. The paper also focuses to estimate inequalities in C-section deliveries in the state.
Methods: The fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 2019-21 was used to accomplish the objective. Univariate, bivariate and logistic regression were used to ascertain the determinants of C-section.
Results: The prevalence of C-section delivery in India rose from 2.9% during 1992-93 to 10.6% in 2005-06 and to 21.5% during 2019-21. The proportion of C-section delivery in Maharashtra during 2019-21 is observed to be 25.4%, with 18.3% of the deliveries occurring at public health facility, while 38.9% of the deliveries takes place in private health care settings. Women residing in urban areas, belonging to richer wealth asset index and having higher educational qualification are found to have greater chance of caesarean deliveries.
Conclusions: The study reveals that C-sections have increased dramatically in Maharashtra over the previous three decades. The hospital administration is encouraged to take effective actions to reduce the likelihood of needless C-sections while retaining medical justification for C-section births.
A case control study to elicit fetal outcome in high-risk pregnancies and to study the various maternal parameters associated with fetal outcomes
Authors: Parmar Jyoti , Jain Sheela , Singh Punya Pratap
Published: March 2024

Background: High risk pregnancies (HRP) threaten the health or life of the mother or her fetus. Perinatal mortality varies widely in some developed countries and more than 10 times higher in developing countries. For most women, early and regular prenatal care promotes a healthy pregnancy and delivery without complication.
Methods: It is a prospective study conducted in BMC, Sagar of duration one year, keeping in mind the inclusion and exclusion criteria with 216 (108 control and 108 cases) patients included in our study.
Results: study shows that there is a significantly high incidence of IUGR delivery and preterm delivery in HRP as compared to control.
Conclusions: In our study we conclude that there is a high correlation between HRP and poor perinatal outcome thus identifying HRP is important because it is the first step towards prevention perinatal mortality and morbidity.
Effectiveness of compression of myometrium and occlusion of uterine artery by COMOC-MG suture in management of atonic postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Chaudhari Trupangi J.
Published: March 2024

Background: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) remains a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality globally, with uterine atony being a primary etiological factor. This prospective interventional study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the compression of myometrium and occlusion of uterine artery by COMOC-MG suture technique in managing atonic PPH.
Methods: A prospective study was conducted at GK general hospital, Bhuj, Gujarat, from December 2020 to July 2022. The study enrolled 100 pregnant women without identified risk factors undergoing complicated caesarean or vaginal deliveries. The COMOC-MG suture technique was employed for the study group, while the control group received standard atonic PPH management. Outcomes included success rates, blood transfusion needs, complications, and mortality.
Results: The study group (n=50) demonstrated comparable demographic characteristics to the control group. Notably, the COMOC-MG group exhibited higher success rates in normal (100%) and cesarean deliveries (95.3%) compared to the control group (72.7% and 60.7%, respectively). Lower blood transfusion needs (34% vs. 48%) and fewer complications were observed in the COMOC-MG group. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels on post-partum day 1 showed no significant difference.
Conclusions: The study suggests that COMOC-MG suture technique is effective in managing atonic PPH, showing superior success rates and potentially reducing blood transfusion needs. While further research, including larger trials, is warranted, these findings underscore promise of COMOC-MG as an innovative intervention in obstetric care, offering potential benefits in maternal outcomes. The observed safety profile supports its consideration in clinical practice.
Knowledge, awareness, practice patterns and attitude towards family planning methods in a tertiary centre of North India
Authors: Lata Gagan , Gupta Liza , Walia Moneet
Published: March 2024

Background: Family planning is adopted voluntarily according to the knowledge, awareness and attitude of the individuals and couples. This study aims to assess the level of awareness, knowledge, practice patterns and attitude about family planning methods in a particular area.
Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was done for 1000 married women and data was obtained by means of a questionnaire.
Results: Most common encountered age group was 21-34 years (69%) in our study. Most of the women were residing in rural areas (81%) as compared to 19% in urban areas. In our study, total of 630 women (63%) were aware of family planning methods. Most of them were aware of condoms (56%), OCPs (50%), IUD (43%) and sterilization (43%). They had least information about natural methods (37%) and injectables (12%). Source of knowledge was TV and internet in 30%, friends, family and husband in 40 % and health centre and health professionals in 30% females. Majority were using condom (68%). Others were using OCPs (16%), IUD (5%) and sterilisation (2%). After counselling 55% of women agreed to use contraception and 31% were not sure whether they would use or not.
Conclusions: Awareness and usage of contraceptives was low in the present study. So, there is need to educate and motivate the couples for using family planning methods.
Maternal and fetal outcome in second stage caesarean section: a retrospective study
Authors: Chandrashekhar Anusha B. , Ramakrishnappa Hemalata C. , Nagaraj Rakshith , Iyengar Swati L.
Published: March 2024

Background: This study aims to observe the maternal and neonatal outcomes of caesarean delivery performed in the second stage of labor.
Methods: This was retrospective observational study conducted at Cheluvamba hospital, Mysore medical college, Mysore, in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. All second stage caesarean sections performed between January 2023 to June 2023 were analyzed in terms of incidence, indications of caesarean-section, intra-operative and postoperative complications, maternal and fetal outcome.
Results: During the study period there were total 4194 deliveries. Out of this 1771 deliveries were done by caesarean section. Out of them 48 were 2nd stage caesarean sections contributing to 2.71% of total sections. Patwardhan method was used in 41.6% cases for delivery of deeply engaged head. Intra-operative complications were higher in terms of atonic pph (25%), hematuria (16.66 %). 14% cases had postoperative fever and 41.6% cases need prolonged catheterization. 20.83% babies required NICU admissions and neonatal death was 4.16%.
Conclusions: Caesarean section in the 2nd stage of labour is associated with increased maternal and neonatal morbidity. A proper judgement is required by a skilled obstetrician to take a decision for caesarean section at full cervical dilatation.
The compression of myometrium and occlusion of uterine artery by COMOC-MG technique for the management of postpartum haemorrhage: clinical perspective from ten cases
Authors: Prajapati Jitendra , Oza Abhishek , Gupta Mahesh , Kulkarni Ketan
Published: March 2024

Compression of myometrium and occlusion of uterine artery by Dr. Mahesh Gupta (COMOC-MG) technique is an improved B-lynch stitch technique used to control postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Objective was to study clinical perspective of the COMOC-MG technique on the effect of PPH in Indian women. Data of 10 patients with PPH who were managed by using the COMOC-MG technique in a tertiary care center in Gujarat from April 2022 to December 2022 were retrieved. Baseline characteristics, medical problems and history of women were recorded. Decision to perform COMOC-MG stitch was taken based on the indications such as PPH, per vaginal bleeding and degree of uterine contractility. Out of 10 women, four women had medical problems such as pregnancy-induced hypertension, dysfunctional uterine bleeding and using psychiatric medicines; two women had uterine surgery/ Laparotomy; four women were diagnosed with ailments such as pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and hypertension during the third trimester of pregnancy. Indications such as twins during a previous pregnancy, deflexed head, previous lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), breech, prim parity, severe oligohydramnios, placental insufficiency and second baby were considered to carry out the CS delivery. Women were managed by COMOC-MG stitch followed by Misoprostol tablets; Carbetocin, Oxytocin, Methylergometrine and Carboprost injections to control PPH. Mean time between uterine closure to COMOC-MG was 10 min. COMOC-MG stitch resulted in good outcomes in seven patients except one patient had atonic PPH. Out of ten patients, one patient required a hysterectomy and three patients required blood transfusion. COMOC-MG stitch is an easy, simple method to control PPH.
Operative hysteroscopy assisted evacuation of a non-viable pregnancy in the setting of a congenital uterine anomaly - bicornuate bicollis
Authors: Simpatwar Sonam , Kumari Beena , Bhardwaj Avani , Afreen Munazza
Published: March 2024

The uterus is formed during embryogenesis by the fusion of the two paramesonephric ducts (mullerian ducts). The two mullerian ducts normally fuse to form the single uterine body. A didelphis uterus will have a double cervix and a double vagina. This case report describes the successful removal of retained products of conception following a spontaneous miscarriage in the setting of a bicornuate bicollis anomaly with a non-viable pregnancy using operative hysteroscopy. The successful removal of the retained products of conception is an essential step in the management of a spontaneous miscarriage. Gynaecologists should be aware of the potential complications associated with this condition and refer patients with a diagnosis of uterine didelphys to an expert in gynaecology for further evaluation and management.