bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Общая теория и технология графического структурирования и представления знаний (Общая теория и технология ГСиП знаний)
Authors: Линков А.С.
Published: April 2021

The monograph is devoted to the creation of a single complex of scientiJic and practical developments aimed at solving the problems of knowledge operation (such as information or data) by means of their graphic structuring and representation (GSR) in any subject areas of science and practice. In particular, it can be used in information and digital technologies, knowledge engineering, systemic analysis, cognitive science, implementation of interdisciplinary research, etc. Its main purpose is systematization of knowledge, as well as conceptual modeling of complex notions and objects of activity in the logic of problem-oriented approach. The complex is a trinity of theoretical principles, graphic language of conceptual modeling (GLCM) of knowledge, and the GSR technology, implemented using Microsoft Excel, and has no analogues in the given subject area. Its basis is Linkov’s diagonal information graphic knowledge matrix (digmata), being a universal way to extract and structure knowledge from text and other sources, as well as a universal converter of any representation form of knowledge into a uniform graphic form. Simplicity and constructiveness of the complex allow its wide introduction into practice. The monograph is accompanied by a USB Jlash drive containing text and graphic materials. The monograph is intended for the widest range of persons confronted with the above-mentioned problems of science and practice.
SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECTS OF THE PROBLEM OF INTERNATIONALIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION: THE EXPERIENCE OF BORYS GRINCHENKO KYIV UNIVERSITY
Authors: Dodonova Vira , Kolinko Maryna
Published: April 2021

The article studies the phenomenon of internationalization of higher education. It turns out that globalization is the background for the development of the internationalization of education. Problems of internationalization of education are analyzed, including the problem of multicultural education, strategies of internationalization of higher education, the problem of intercultural communication. It is emphasized that the phenomena of "encapsulation" and "dissolution" are risks in the way of internationalization of education. It is noted that the student environment is turning into a wide, global space for direct interaction of large masses of representatives of various cultural forms and traditions. The experience of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University in this direction of scientific and pedagogical activity is studied. The article is based on the program documents of the educational space of the European Union. It is substantiated that the internationalization of higher education contributes to the formation of the "knowledge society". The problems and challenges of the process of internationalization of higher education in Ukrainian society are determined.
MODERN UKRAINIAN PENTECOSTAL THEOLOGY: FROM HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT TO CONTENT OF RESEARCHES
Authors: Hura Vitalii
Published: April 2021

The article reflects the main historical stages of the formation of Ukrainian Pentecostal theology over the past thirty years: from the “birth” of the first church schools to the defense dissertations of doctoral level. Author has presented connection between post-soviet Pentecostal dogmatic system with evangelical traditional of dispensationalism and literal hermeneutic method in study of the Bible. Obviously, that Pentecostal Churches were strongly influenced through the Baptist Bible Courses in Moscow, because many Pentecostal leaders completed them. The author demonstrated the role of Bible Seminaries founded in independent Ukraine by western missioners of leading church`s unions, like the Assembly of God and the Church of God. The article identifies two models of the Pentecostal education (“church” and “academic” approaches) that address to the different needs of church society. “Church” type of theological education tries to teach important topics connected with applied questions of church ministry. However, this approach has a weak side hidden in methodology of research. As a result, not all research papers completed by graduates of the church-oriented school are interesting for Ukrainian scientific society. For control of quality in Ukrainian theological schools, EAAA was founded. Another direction of the development of the Ukrainian pentecostal theological model thinking is the “academic model” of theological education, that today develops in cooperation with state institutions. Through the analysis of the topics of defended dissertations, the author identifies key trends in the development of the Ukrainian Pentecostal movement. Among key topics, there is introspective research of the own roots, reasons of spreading alternative church movement in USSR, and its place on the World religious map. Like prognostic conclusion of all the text, the author identified several topics that may be interesting for Western academic partners, like “theology of Maidan”, “Church peaceful strategies for East of Ukraine” and “Ecological theology in light of Chernobyl’s tragedy”.
TRANSFORMATION OF RELIGIOUS IDENTITY IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES
Authors: Tytarenko Vita
Published: April 2021

Based on empirical material and sociological research, the article analyzes the process of search, the formation of religious identity by modern human in the context of globalization. The ambiguity of the formation of religious identity is due to a complex combination of different factors. Thus, the ambiguity of the process gives rise to a variety of approaches in the modern vision, understanding and explanation of religious identity. They are formed in the process of constant correlation of religious and non-religious in modern religiosity. In the study of religious identity in the context of globalization, the author draws attention not only to the unifying tendencies of globalization, but also to its consequence – glocalization, which manifests itself in the religious sphere through differentiation, fragmentation, localization, cultural unification, primitivization of tastes, consumption. It is stated, firstly, that religious identity experiences constant transformations that correspond to changes in the cultural horizon. It is formed under the influence of a number of phenomena, among which we can point to religious fundamentalism, religious indifferentism (polarization of religion); extra-church searches for religious identity, as a consequence – re-individualism, eclecticism and “patchwork” of religious ideas, syncretism of perception of religion, pluralization of religious space, etc. Secondly, the assumption that the traditional process of formation of religious identity is not implemented in the contemporary cultural environment – neither at the personal nor at the community level – is increasingly confirmed. Religious identity is not thought of as a permanent characteristic, but as a result of a fundamentally open process of religious identification.
SOCIAL DOCTRINE OF THE ECUMENICAL PATRIARCHATE ABOUT THE FAMILY
Authors: Gulyamov Bogdan
Published: April 2021

The theory of family is at the heart of classic Christian social doctrine, since family exemplifies every sociality such as an ecclesial community, a work collective, a local community, a nation, humanity. Modern family crisis leads to the transformation of the social teaching when interpersonal relations become an example. In particular, relations between a husband and a wife in a family, relations between a person and God, relations within a monastic community, relations within an ecclesial Eucharistic community become a general ideal proposed for the secular sociality. In the ethics of family life, the social teaching of Constantinopolitan Patriarchate places special emphasis on the absolute dignity of the individual from the moment of conception to natural death. Large attention is paid to the protection of children from various menaces in the society, effective measures are suggested in order to avoid the crimes against children. The apology of all aspects of sexual life of a family is also provided, various biases with regard to women and marriage are condemned. Generally, the social teaching of Constantinopolitan Patriarchate on a family is the expression of ethics of Christian realism where the recognition of the absoluteness of certain values is joined with the readiness to understand and forgive human errors. In the doctrine of the family, social doctrine from the standpoint of communitarianism passes to the adoption of the principles of Christian personalism.
PHILOSOPHICAL AND ETHICAL CONTROVERSIES OF CONTRACTUALISM
Authors: Butchenko Taras , Unikaite-Jakuntaviciene Ingrida
Published: April 2021

Philosophical and ethical controversies of contractualism are analyzed in the article. Revitalization of modern ethical discourse based on social agreement connected with J. Rawls whose “theory of justice” is interpreted in the light of philosophical and legal legitimization of socio-democratic practices of “a state of general prosperity”. Criticism of this theory presented in the works of R. Nozick and R. Dworkin is highlighted. Where the first one rejects morality of state redistribution of “justly” acquired property, the second considers moral bases of socio-regulated governed influence based on “natural law” argumentation. The analysis of discrepancies between the approaches of J. Rawls and R. Dworkin has demonstrated the difficulties of neo-liberal attempts to prove moral bases of a modern state: problem statement in the individualistic way doesn’t consider dynamic character of human socialization and neglects an issue regarding a moral status of marginalized populations. Criticism of neo-liberal controversies of contractualism performed by J. Habermas, is analyzed. Communicative approach to dichotomy withdrawal of liberal freedom (“rights of the new”) and ideas of public autonomy (“rights of the old”) is revealed. The study concludes that Habermas’s “involvement of the Other” is to meet all practical challenges of the modern society, it evokes a consideration of the main approach of moral bases definition of a legal, democratic and social state. Ethical discourse content is proved to be an embodiment of a process of self-awareness created by civil society that is a special form of existence and development of social subjectivity.
Atrakcyjność dziedzin przemysłu w procesie rozwoju kraju i Mazowsza dawniej i dziś
Authors: Karpiński Andrzej
Published: April 2021

Niniejsze opracowanie przedstawia próbę odpowiedzi na 4 podstawowe pytania, a mianowicie: Jakie działania zostały wykorzystane w pierwszym etapie procesu transformacji w polskim przemyśle w latach 1990–2014 w celu promowania jego rozwoju i czy zmiany w nich są obecnie wymagane? Jakimi kryteriami należy kierować się przy wyborze najatrakcyjniejszych gałęzi przemysłu w celu zapewnienia najbardziej dynamicznego rozwoju przemysłowego kraju i czy kryteria te należy teraz skorygować w sytuacji globalnego kryzysu ekologicznego? Jakie zmiany zaszły w najbardziej obiecujących branżach w procesie transformacji? Jakie branże mogą być najbardziej atrakcyjne dla rozwoju miasta Warszawy i województwa mazowieckiego w przyszłości? Głównym celem pracy jest pokazanie jak przejść od przemysłu, którego konkurencyjność opiera się na taniej sile roboczej, do nowego przemysłu, w którym innowacyjność i rozwój jego innowacyjnych sektorów będą odgrywały główną i decydującą rolę.
Kryteria i skutki uznania nieruchomości za zabytek
Authors: Werner Witold
Published: April 2021

Nieruchomości pełnią podstawową rolę służebną w stosunku do swoich właścicieli, którzy mają lub mogą mieć konkretne plany inwestycyjne związane z nieruchomością. Poza znanymi już powszechnie ograniczeniami w egzekwowaniu prawa własności, sformułowanymi w ustawie o planowaniu i zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym, ustawie Prawo budowlane, tzw. „specustawach” dotyczących przede wszystkim inwestycji drogowych, kolejowych i mieszkalnictwa oraz przepisach wykonawczych wydanych na podstawie tych ustaw, niedoceniane wydają się skutki wpisywania nieruchomości do rejestru zabytków bądź gminnej ewidencji zabytków. Kontrowersyjne kwalifikowanie i wpisywanie nieruchomości do rejestru zabytków, bez wcześniejszego uprzedzenia, prowadzą do sytuacji, w której właściciel lub nabywca nieruchomości może być w każdym czasie zaskoczony uznaniem jej za zabytek, co ogranicza lub wyklucza realizacje planów inwestycyjnych.
Metoda waloryzacji drzew ze względu na ich wartości biocenotyczne
Authors: Ozimkowska Lidia , Wojtatowicz Jerzy
Published: April 2021

W artykule przedstawiono metodę waloryzacji drzew ze względu na ich wartości biocenotyczne. Zaproponowano opisową i liczbową ocenę wartości biocenotycznej drzewa w trzech kategoriach, które wynikają z cech osobniczych, powiązań z najbliższym otoczeniem oraz położenia w stosunku do omawianego obiektu i sąsiadujących ekosystemów. Suma punktów, jaką uzyska drzewo z trzech kategorii jest podstawą kwalifikacji do jednej z grup wartości biocenotycznej.
Regionalne Inwestycje Terytorialne w subregionie płockim – realizacja
Authors: Dominiak Elżbieta , Wojda Magdalena
Published: April 2021

W artykule przedstawiono mechanizm finansowy pn. Regionalne Inwestycje Terytorialne (RIT) oraz stan realizacji zaplanowanych projektów w subregionie płockim. RIT to nowy instrument finansowy w ramach Regionalnego Programu Operacyjnego Województwa Mazowieckiego na lata 2014–2020, wprowadzony przez Samorząd Województwa Mazowieckiego w celu realizacji polityki rozwoju zawartej w Strategii Rozwoju Województwa Mazowieckiego do 2030 roku. Innowacyjne Mazowsze, skierowany do Obszarów Strategicznej Interwencji. Podstawą RIT jest współpraca Jednostek Samorządu Terytorialnego oparta na porozumieniu, a dokumentem wyznaczającym jego realizację są Plany Inwestycyjne dla subregionów objętych OSI problemowymi. Regionalne Inwestycje Terytorialne dla samorządów lokalnych stały się inspiracją do wspólnego planowania najważniejszych przedsięwzięć. Liderem w subregionie płockim jest Miasto Płock. Partnerzy RIT wypracowali kierunki interwencji dla rozwiązywania zidentyfikowanych problemów i potrzeb obszaru funkcjonalnego w perspektywie finansowej 2014–2020. Plan Inwestycyjny dla subregionu płockiego objętego OSI Problemowym Obszar Funkcjonalny Miasta Płocka składa się z dwóch projektów wiodących, w ramach których zostały określone projekty główne będące kluczowym elementem wiązki projektowej. Projekty te mają charakter kompleksowy i zintegrowany, i dotyczą rozbudowy systemu transportowego oraz społeczno-gospodarczej rewitalizacji obszarów zdegradowanych Obszaru Funkcjonalnego Miasta Płocka. Do realizacji zostały zaplanowane również projekty towarzyszące inwestycjom wiodącym skoncentrowane wokół problematyki szkolnictwa, rynku pracy i wykluczenia społecznego. Zrealizowane w ramach Regionalnych Inwestycji Terytorialnych zadania przyczyniły się do wzrostu konkurencyjności i bezpieczeństwa Obszaru Funkcjonalnego Miasta Płocka oraz poprawy jakości życia jego mieszkańców.
The theory of innovation cycles as a guideline for Mazovia in the fight against recession caused by COVID-19
Authors: Klepka Michał
Published: April 2021

The recession triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic is undoubtedly a heavy burden on the developed and driven economy, both in the regional and global context. No one thought that under such unexpected circumstances a global crisis would arise from a place in distant China. From an economic point of view, this fact has stimulated a series of events that have increasingly affected in a larger scope, extent and force the smooth functioning of economic operators. But this situation is not unfamiliar to the economy – it is known that there are business cycles with a confirmed regularity over time. Following this path, the article points out the so-called Kondratiev Waves, which characteristics have elements in common with the current economic situation. Consequently, as in every wave, the phase of recession, caused by some kind of reason, goes through depression to the phase of reconstruction – then the economy gets a significant developmental impulse. The specificity of this time is a large number of innovations, mainly radical and fundamental, but the observations of the economic crises extended over time affect the nature of these innovations. From the perspective of the lasting pandemic period, that is perhaps impulse in circularity of the economy. We can expect that shipment from recession and depression to recovery should the accumulation of economic potential and the appearance of innovations on the market occur. Mazovia, thanks to innovation specialisations and support for innovative services, may have favourable conditions and a better position at that time.
The impact of infrastructure on driver behavior on pedestrian crossings – case studies in two Mazovian cities
Authors: Sulmicki Maciej
Published: April 2021

In 2019 field studies were conducted in order to check how various aspects of pedestrian and cycle crossing infrastructure influence driver behavior. The overall goal was to verify the adequacy of the road safety-related provisions of the main strategic and planning documents of the Mazovia Region. The crossings analyzed in Warsaw and Radom were chosen so as to take into account all the types of traffic calming mentioned in the Spatial Development Plan of Mazovia as serving to improve safety on pedestrian crossings. Other aspects taken into account included road width, type of intersection and presence/type of traffic lights. The field studies focused on the behavior of drivers towards pedestrians and cyclists, including behavior which determines how quickly a driver can react to a non-motorized person appearing. The crossings were observed from a distance, so that the presence of the observer wouldn’t influence the participants’ behavior. Each crossing was observed and recorded for at least thirty minutes in order to identify how often a driver: stops before a crossing, drives across in front of or behind a non-motorized person, stops on the crossing or drives fast across it. In selected places, another recorded aspect was whether the driver looks around before driving across the crossing. However, such detailed observation was not possible in the majority of places due to high traffic and/or inadequate visibility of the interiors of cars. The field studies in Radom were conducted by Sebastian Pawłowski and Łukasz Zaborowski of the Radom branch of the Mazovian Office for Regional Planning. The study results indicate that dangerous driver behavior is influenced by: the width of the road on the crossing, bicycle crossings and right-of-way provisions, physical traffic calming measures and traffic lights. Measures which were found to be ineffective include hatched road markings signaling a part of the road which is not to be driven across and red lights with a green arrow allowing for a conditional right-turn after stopping, which were in fact treated as green right-turn lights. The study confirmed the accuracy of the measures indicated in the strategic and spatial planning documents of the Mazovia Region, as well as the need for them to be implemented more often. An analysis of the field study results allowed for the identification of the impact of individual road crossing parameters on drivers’ behavior, thus providing new material in reference to earlier local studies and a 2018 Polish national study. A Polish version of this article will also be published in a later issue of this periodical.
Celowość budowy głębokowodnego portu morskiego na środkowym Pomorzu Studium wstępne
Authors: Wójcicki Tadeusz
Published: April 2021

Główne porty w Polsce są położone niefortunnie, wyłącznie przy zachodnim albo wschodnim krańcu polskiego wybrzeża Bałtyku, czyli przy ujściu Odry albo w rejonie ujścia Wisły do morza, i są odległe od siebie o ok. 280–290 km w linii prostej. Warto zatem rozważyć zasadność budowy czwartego portu głębokowodnego, położonego mniej więcej pośrodku między nimi, a więc gdzieś na środkowym Pomorzu, najlepiej na odcinku wybrzeża między głównymi miastami tej części Pomorza, między Kołobrzegiem a Koszalinem. W tym celu w niniejszym opracowaniu przeanalizowano uwarunkowania planistyczne, transportowe, przyrodnicze i hydrograficzne, przedstawiono argumenty za i przeciw takiej inwestycji, a w końcu – po stwierdzeniu celowości inwestycji – podano orientacyjne miejsca lokalizacji inwestycji, oceniono je w sposób wielokryterialny i wskazano lokalizację optymalną. Z wykonanej analizy SWOT wynika, że pozytywne aspekty budowy nowego portu zdecydowanie przeważają nad negatywami, wobec czego wstępnie przyjęto, że realizacja inwestycji jest celowa, przy czym zastrzeżono się, że wnioski te odnoszą się wyłącznie do założonego scenariusza dalszego szybkiego rozwoju gospodarki morskiej w Polsce. Przyjmując celowość budowy nowego portu morskiego jako założenie wstępne, określono generalny program inwestycji, przewidując powstanie w okresie docelowym w ramach portu dwóch baz kontenerowych, po jednym terminalu gazowym i naftowym, a także bazy promowej oraz nabrzeża dla statków pasażerskich. Oznacza to, że po zakończeniu takiej inwestycji teren portu zajmowałby ok. 6 km2 powierzchni, w tym ok. 3 km2 powierzchni przypadałoby na baseny portowe wraz z obrotnicami, a ok. 2 km2 na sztuczny półwysep z nabrzeżami, składowiskami, drogami i bocznicami kolejowymi. Określono wstępnie następujące warianty ogólnych lokalizacji analizowanego przedsięwzięcia: „Kołobrzeg”, „Pleśna”, „Gąski”, „Mielenko” oraz „Jezioro Jamno”, a następnie zebrano podstawowe dane charakteryzujące każdy wariant pod względem hydrologicznym, technicznym, ekonomicznym i środowiskowym. W rezultacie wykonanej analizy wielokryterialnej okazało się, że zdecydowanie najlepszą lokalizacją portu morskiego będzie wariant 5. „Jezioro Jamno”, a pod uwagę można również brać drugą w kolejności najlepszą lokalizację, tj. wariant 4. „Mielenko”. Oba te warianty wzmacniają funkcję osadniczą miasta Koszalin, co jest w pełni zgodne z planem wojewódzkim – planowany biegun wzrostu w Koszalinie.
Historyczne obiekty sportowe Warszawy jako walor turystyki współczesnej Część I: od średniowiecza do wybuchu II wojny światowej
Authors: Pawlikowska-Piechotka Anna , Piechotka Maciej
Published: April 2021

Historia obiektów sportowych Warszawy jest wpisana w dzieje miasta i stanowi dokument jego dziedzictwa kulturowego. Od kilkuset lat rozwojowi poszczególnych dyscyplin sportu uprawianych w Warszawie towarzyszą inwestycje dla sportu, widoczna jest ewolucja budownictwa sportowego. Zatem historia warszawskiej architektury sportowej obejmuje okres około siedmiuset lat: od średniowiecza po czasy współczesne. Były to zarówno budowle wznoszone na potrzeby wielkich imprez sportowych, jakimi były tory wyścigowe i są współczesne stadiony, jak i obiekty sportowe towarzyszące oświacie czy codziennej rekreacji mieszkańców miasta. Zarówno te, które przetrwały do naszych czasów, jak i te już nieistniejące, są ważnym dokumentem historii miasta, symbolem jego tożsamości i mogą być podstawą rozwoju turystyki kulturowej w Warszawie, opartej o materialne (obiekty zachowane) i niematerialne (pamięć historyczna) walory.
Изменение направления оси легкого намагничивания массивов сегментированных нанонитей Ni/Cu с увеличением длины сегмента Ni
Authors: Мистонов А.А. , Дубицкий И.С. , Елмекави А.Х.А. , Яшина Е.Г. , Сотничук С.В. , Напольский K.С. , Менцель Д.
Published: April 2021

Arrays of ordered segmented nanowires are considered as a promising material for three-dimensional information storage systems. However, the presence of a large number of competing interactions significantly complicates the description of the magnetic behavior of such systems. In this work, the influence of the length of the nickel segment on the integral magnetic properties of the array is investigated. In particular, it is shown that the change in the direction of the easy axis of magnetization occurs when the segment length to diameter ratio is in the range from 10 to 20.
К теории формирования крупных трещин в хрупких твердых телах
Authors: Хон Ю.А. , Макаров П.В.
Published: April 2021

A model of the large cracks formation in brittle solids is formulated taking into account different space-time scales of crack accumulation during deformation. Within the framework of the phase field method, a system of two coupled nonlinear parabolic equations is obtained that describe the deformation of a loaded medium during crack initiation on two spatial and temporal scales. The conditions are found under which the uniform distribution of cracks becomes unstable. The development of instability is accompanied by the formation of large cracks.
Online Search Trends Influencing Anticoagulation in Patients With COVID-19: Observational Study
Authors: Worrall Amy P , Kelly Claire , O'Neill Aine , O'Doherty Murray , Kelleher Eoin , Cushen Anne Marie , McNally Cora , McConkey Samuel , Glavey Siobhan , Lavin Michelle , de Barra Eoghan
Published: April 2021

Background

Early evidence of COVID-19–associated coagulopathy disseminated rapidly online during the first months of 2020, followed by clinical debate about how best to manage thrombotic risks in these patients. The rapid online spread of case reports was followed by online interim guidelines, discussions, and worldwide online searches for further information. The impact of global online search trends and online discussion on local approaches to coagulopathy in patients with COVID-19 has not been studied.

Objective

The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between online search trends using Google Trends and the rate of appropriate venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis and anticoagulation therapy in a cohort of patients with COVID-19 admitted to a tertiary hospital in Ireland.

Methods

A retrospective audit of anticoagulation therapy and VTE prophylaxis among patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to a tertiary hospital was conducted between February 29 and May 31, 2020. Worldwide Google search trends of the term “COVID-19” and anticoagulation synonyms during this time period were determined and correlated against one another using a Spearman correlation. A P value of <.05 was considered significant, and analysis was completed using Prism, version 8 (GraphPad).

Results

A statistically significant Spearman correlation (P<.001, r=0.71) was found between the two data sets, showing an increase in VTE prophylaxis in patients with COVID-19 with increasing online searches worldwide. This represents a proxy for online searches and discussion, dissemination of information, and Google search trends relating to COVID-19 and clotting risk, in particular, which correlated with an increasing trend of providing thromboprophylaxis and anticoagulation therapy to patients with COVID-19 in our tertiary center.

Conclusions

We described a correlation of local change in clinical practice with worldwide online dialogue and digital search trends that influenced individual clinicians, prior to the publication of formal guidelines or a local quality-improvement intervention.
Parents' Perspectives on a Computer Game–Assisted Rehabilitation Program for Manual Dexterity in Children With Cerebral Palsy: Qualitative Analysis of Expectations, Child Engagement, and Benefits
Authors: Kanitkar Anuprita , Parmar Sanjay Tejraj , Szturm Tony J , Restall Gayle , Rempel Gina , Sepehri Nariman
Published: April 2021

Background

Children with motor impairments affecting the upper extremity benefit from task-specific therapy, such as constraint-induced movement therapy. However, there is a need to improve engagement and compliance with task-specific exercise programs that target manual dexterity for children with cerebral palsy (CP). A computer game–based rehabilitation (GRP) platform was developed that combines fine manipulation and gross movement exercises with engaging game activities appropriate for young children with CP.

Objective

The objectives of this qualitative analysis were to compare parents’ perspectives and opinions about expectations, challenges, and benefits between 2 interventions.

Methods

A mixed methods, randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted to examine the feasibility and estimate the effect size of 2 exercise programs for rehabilitation of manual dexterity of children with CP using either GRP or conventional therapy. Parents of 26 of the children who completed the GRP program (n=33) and parents of 15 of the children who completed the conventional therapy program (n=27) participated in the interviews. A general conductive approach was used to analyze the data recorded during the parents’ interviews.

Results

Five themes captured the range of the parent’s experiences, viewpoints, and ideas: (1) parents’ expectations, (2) child’s engagement with therapy, (3) positive effects of the interventions, (4) challenges, and (5) improving the protocol.

Conclusions

Parents from both groups recognized that their expectations related to improving children’s object handling and manipulation skills including participation in activities of daily life were addressed during the 16-week therapy program. Parents perceived a change in the children’s level of independence in their daily tasks at home, school, and leisure activities.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02728375; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02728375
Reporting of Differences in Taste Between Branded and Unbranded Cigarettes by Smokers Blinded to Cigarette Branding: Within-Person, Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: BinDhim Nasser F , Althumiri Nora A , Basyouni Mada H , Almubark Rasha A , Alkhamaali Zaied , Banjar Weam , Zamakhshary Mohammed , AlKattan Khaled M
Published: April 2021

Background

Saudi Arabia implemented a plain tobacco packaging regulation, one of the World Health Organization’s recommended initiatives to help reduce smoking rates, in August 2019. A few weeks after implementation, a large number of smokers complained via various media channels, especially social media (eg, Twitter), that an extreme change in cigarette taste had occurred, frequency of coughing had increased, and for some, shortness of breath had led to hospitalization.

Objective

The main objective is to determine whether smokers blinded to cigarette branding report differences in taste between branded and unbranded cigarettes. The secondary objective is to observe the frequency of immediate cough or shortness of breath.

Methods

This study employed a within-person, randomized crossover design that recruited current smokers 18 years and older who were cleared upon physical assessment before the experiment. Participants received 6 sequences of different random exposures (3 puffs) to 3 plain-packaged cigarettes (2 from their favorite brand and 1 from another brand as a control) and 3 branded cigarettes (2 from the favorite brand and 1 from another brand as a control). Participants wore virtual reality goggles accompanied by special software to alter visual reality and gloves to alter the touch sensation.

Results

This study recruited 18 participants, measured at 6 time points, to produce 108 experiments. Participants were not able to identify the correct type of cigarettes (plain or branded, estimate of fixed effect=−0.01, P=.79). Moreover, there were no differences in the ability of the participants to identify their favorite brand (t107=−0.63, mean 0.47, P=.53). In terms of immediate coughing, out of the 108 experiments, 1 episode of short coughing was observed, which was attributed to the branded cigarette, not the plain-packaged cigarette.

Conclusions

After controlling the visual and touch sensations, participants were not able to differentiate between branded and plain-packaged cigarettes in terms of taste or inducing immediate shortness of breath or cough. Interestingly, participants were not able to identify their favorite brand.
Monitoring Diagnostic Safety Risks in Emergency Departments: Protocol for a Machine Learning Study
Authors: Enayati Moein , Sir Mustafa , Zhang Xingyu , Parker Sarah J , Duffy Elizabeth , Singh Hardeep , Mahajan Prashant , Pasupathy Kalyan S
Published: April 2021

Background

Diagnostic decision making, especially in emergency departments, is a highly complex cognitive process that involves uncertainty and susceptibility to errors. A combination of factors, including patient factors (eg, history, behaviors, complexity, and comorbidity), provider-care team factors (eg, cognitive load and information gathering and synthesis), and system factors (eg, health information technology, crowding, shift-based work, and interruptions) may contribute to diagnostic errors. Using electronic triggers to identify records of patients with certain patterns of care, such as escalation of care, has been useful to screen for diagnostic errors. Once errors are identified, sophisticated data analytics and machine learning techniques can be applied to existing electronic health record (EHR) data sets to shed light on potential risk factors influencing diagnostic decision making.

Objective

This study aims to identify variables associated with diagnostic errors in emergency departments using large-scale EHR data and machine learning techniques.

Methods

This study plans to use trigger algorithms within EHR data repositories to generate a large data set of records that are labeled trigger-positive or trigger-negative, depending on whether they meet certain criteria. Samples from both data sets will be validated using medical record reviews, upon which we expect to find a higher number of diagnostic safety events in the trigger-positive subset. Machine learning will be used to evaluate relationships between certain patient factors, provider-care team factors, and system-level risk factors and diagnostic safety signals in the statistically matched groups of trigger-positive and trigger-negative charts.

Results

This federally funded study was approved by the institutional review board of 2 academic medical centers with affiliated community hospitals. Trigger queries are being developed at both organizations, and sample cohorts will be labeled using the triggers. Machine learning techniques such as association rule mining, chi-square automated interaction detection, and classification and regression trees will be used to discover important variables that could be incorporated within future clinical decision support systems to help identify and reduce risks that contribute to diagnostic errors.

Conclusions

The use of large EHR data sets and machine learning to investigate risk factors (related to the patient, provider-care team, and system-level) in the diagnostic process may help create future mechanisms for monitoring diagnostic safety.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/24642
Understanding the Lived Experience of North American Dental Patients With a Single-Tooth Implant in the Upper Front Region of the Mouth: Protocol for a Qualitative Study
Authors: Afrashtehfar Kelvin Ian , Bryant Stephen Ross
Published: April 2021

Background

Assessment of the subjective experiences of individuals with maxillary anterior (ie, the upper front region of the mouth) single-tooth implants is limited mainly to quantitative measurements of satisfaction with appearance. Interestingly, there is unexplained variability in the relationship between satisfaction and appearance.

Objective

This qualitative study protocol aims to explore and better understand the satisfaction with appearance and function in a Canadian population with maxillary anterior single-tooth implants treated at a postgraduate university clinic. Thus, we aim to obtain diversity among participants relating to the identification of esthetically pleasing and displeasing cases from a clinician perspective.

Methods

A qualitative research design using interpretative phenomenology analysis (IPA) will provide an adaptable inductive research approach. The participants will be recruited, and consent documents, photographs, digital intraoral scans, and self-administered questionnaire responses will be obtained from them. The transcribed verbatim data from audio-recorded, in-depth, semistructured, one-to-one interviews of the participants will be managed, coded, and analyzed thematically with computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software. The IPA will consider the COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative (COREQ) guidelines when applicable.

Results

For the qualitative interview, we plan to include at least eight patients to conduct up to 1.5 hours of open-ended interviews with each participant aided by an interview guide. Ethical approval was granted by the University of British Columbia Behavioral Research Ethics Board (H19-00107) in May 2019. Two American dental foundations funded this study.

Conclusions

The analysis in this study will elucidate the aspects (including their value) that influence participant satisfaction at different dental implant treatment stages. This will be the first qualitative study on this group of the population to explore and obtain a better understanding of their satisfaction with appearance and function, as well as any other patient-reported outcome measures that could be identified.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/25767
Comparing the Effects of mobile Gamification and Teach-Back Training Methods on Adherence of therapeutic regimen of Patients after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft: A Randomized Clinical Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Gorbani Banafsheh , Bahramnezhad Fatemeh , Mandegar Mohammad-Hossein , Jackson Alun C , Noorchenarboo Mohammad , Sharifi Farshad , Mirmoghtadaie Zohrehsadat
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

The patients undergo Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery fail to adhere their treatment regimen for many reasons. Among these, one of the most important reasons for non-adherence is improper training of such patients. Therefore, it is necessary for nurses to train these patients by choosing the appropriate approach.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of study is to compare the effect of gamification and teach-back training methods on adherence of therapeutic regimen of patients after coronary artery bypass graft(CABG)

METHODS

The present randomized clinical trial was conducted on 123 patients undergo CABG, Tehran, Iran, in 2019.Training was presented in teach-back group individually using teach-back training approach. In the gamification group, the developed application was installed on the patient's smartphone and the training was given in this way. The control group received routine training of the hospital. Finally, the adherence of therapeutic regimen was assessed using the adherence of therapeutic regimen questionnaire (physical activity and dietary regimen) and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) as pre-test and post-test (after one month later).

RESULTS

The sampling process continued from August 2019 to murch 2020. A total of 123 people were included in the study. One-way analysis of variance test for comparing the mean scores of teach-back and gamification training methods showed that the mean normalized scores for dietary regimen (P<.001, F-Value=71.80), movement regimen (P<.001, F-Value=124.53), medication regimen (P<.001, F-Value=9.66) before and after the intervention were significantly different between teach back, gamification and control groups. In addition, the results of Dunnett's test showed that teach-back and gamification training groups had a significant difference with control group in all three treatment regimen methods. There was no statistically significant difference in adherence of therapeutic regimen between teach-back and control groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the results of the present study, the use of teach-back and gamification training approaches can be suggested for patients after CABG for adherence of therapeutic regimen.

CLINICALTRIAL

Iranian Registry of Clinical Trail (IRCT20111203008286N8).
Effectiveness of eHealth Interventions in Improving Medication Adherence for Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or Asthma: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Schulte Mieke H J , Aardoom Jiska J , Loheide-Niesmann Lisa , Verstraete Leonie L L , Ossebaard Hans C , Riper Heleen
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Poor treatment adherence in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma is a global public health concern with severe consequences in terms of patient health and societal costs. A potentially promising tool for addressing poor compliance is eHealth.

OBJECTIVE

This review investigates the effects of eHealth interventions on medication adherence in patients with COPD or asthma.

METHODS

A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases of Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Embase for studies with publication dates between January 1, 2000, and October 29, 2020. We selected randomized controlled trials targeting adult patients with COPD or asthma, which evaluated the effectiveness of an eHealth intervention on medication adherence. The risk of bias in the included studies was examined using the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool. The results were narratively reviewed.

RESULTS

In total, six studies focusing on COPD and seven focusing on asthma were analyzed. Interventions were mostly internet-based or telephone-based, and could entail telemonitoring of symptoms and medication adherence, education, counseling, consultations, and self-support modules. Control groups mostly comprised usual care conditions, whereas a small number of studies used a face-to-face intervention or waiting list as the control condition. For COPD, the majority of eHealth interventions were investigated as an add-on to usual care (5/6 studies), whereas for asthma the majority of interventions were investigated as a standalone intervention (5/7 studies). Regarding eHealth interventions targeting medication adherence for COPD, two studies reported nonsignificant effects, one study found a significant effect in comparison to usual care, and three reported mixed results. Of the seven studies that investigated eHealth interventions targeting medication adherence in asthma, three studies found significant effects, two reported nonsignificant effects, and two reported mixed effects.

CONCLUSIONS

The mixed results on the effectiveness of eHealth interventions in improving treatment adherence for asthma and COPD are presumably related to the type, context, and intensity of the interventions, as well as to differences in the operationalization and measurement of adherence outcomes. Much remains to be learned about the potential of eHealth to optimize treatment adherence in COPD and asthma.
Acceptability and Perceived Utility of Virtual Reality among People who are Incarcerated who use Drugs: A Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Claborn Kasey , Conway Fiona , Brinkley Katlyn , Hill Regan , Kalvakuntla Sanjana , Nordquist Eric , Nolen Erin , Nydegger Liesl
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Virtual reality (VR) allows a platform to create common scenarios of environmental trigger situations to elicit drug cravings. We know little about acceptability of VR among people who are incarcerated who use drugs.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to understand perspectives of virtual reality tools among people who are incarcerated who use drugs.

METHODS

Mixed methods explored VR perspectives and stress response among 20 inmates with a substance use disorder at a county jail. Cardiovascular data were collected to determine if exposure to the VR environment provoked a stress response. Repeated measures mixed models were used to assess stress reactivity measured by three heart rate variability indices (HR, RMSSD, and HF-HRV). Qualitative interviews assessed acceptability and perceived utility on VR in the jail setting.

RESULTS

Cardiovascular data analyses showed no significant increase in stress reactivity for HR (b = -3.14, t(18) = -3.85, p < .01 ), RMSSD (b = -0.06, t(18) = -1.06, p = 0.30 ) and HF-HRV (b = -0.21, t(18) = -1.71, p = 0.10). Qualitative data indicate high levels of acceptability and potential utility in the following thematic areas: (1) mental health and substance use interventions; (2) community re-entry skills training; and (3) communication and conflict resolution skills.

CONCLUSIONS

Results demonstrated high acceptability and no significant stress response of VR among people who are incarcerated who use drugs.
A Blueprint for the Conduct of Large, Multisite Trials in Telemedicine (Preprint)
Authors: Commiskey Patricia , Armstrong April W , Coker Tumaini R , Dorsey Earl Ray , Fortney John C , Gaines Kenneth J , Gibbons Brittany M , Nguyen Huong Q , Singla Daisy R , Szigethy Eva , Krupinski Elizabeth A
Published: April 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Recent literature supports the efficacy and efficiency of telemedicine in improving various health outcomes despite the wide variability in results. Understanding site-specific issues in the implementation of telemedicine trials for broader replication and generalizability of results is needed. Lessons can be learned from existing trials, and a blueprint can guide researchers to conduct these challenging studies using telemedicine more efficiently and effectively. This viewpoint presents relevant challenges and solutions for conducting multisite telemedicine trials using 7 ongoing and completed studies funded by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute portfolio of large multisite trials to highlight the challenges in implementing telemedicine trials. Critical issues of ensuring leadership and buy-in, appropriate funding, and diverse and representative trials are identified and described, as well as challenges related to clinical, informatics, regulatory, legal, quality, and billing. The lessons learned from these studies were used to create a blueprint of key aspects to consider for the design and implementation of multisite telemedicine trials.