bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La vie quotidienne comme une aventure : enjeux éthiques en contexte épistolaire
Authors: Vanackere Mathilde
Published: January 2020

Bien que leurs situations d’épistoliers diffèrent notablement, Bussy-Rabutin et Sévigné ont tous deux exploré les ressources de la lettre pour réinventer leur vie. Dans ce long processus d’appropriation voire de réappropriation de soi, la notion d’aventure constitue à la fois une exigence d’écriture afin de soutenir l’intérêt des correspondant(e)s et un modèle de compréhension de l’existence, une manière de réfléchir sur son rythme et sur ses vibrations.
Les navigations idéales des philosophes de la nature
Authors: Jullien Vincent
Published: January 2020

La mer et les navires s’accordent extrêmement, divinement même, avec l’aventure. Par ailleurs, les sciences sont bien souvent données pour aventureuses. Rien d’étonnant donc à ce que l’on cherche à mieux identifier les navires et les navigations des philosophes de la nature du XVII e  siècle. Des difficultés existent, et pour les surmonter, il faut comprendre que leurs bateaux sont idéaux – ou abstraits. Ceci fait, nous pourrons embarquer avec Bruno, Galilée, Descartes, Huygens, Gassendi.
Noter humainement les entreprises : une proposition d’indice de développement humain des entreprises (IDHE)
Authors: Caire Gilles , Nivoix Sophie
Published: January 2020

Afin de construire un indicateur synthétique d’évaluation non financière des entreprises, nous proposons de transposer l’approche de l’Indice de Développement Humain des Nations Unies. L’IDHE construit ici est ainsi composé de trois dimensions, reflétant le niveau de vie, la santé et la formation des salariés. Un test de cet indice a été réalisé de 2014 à 2016 pour les entreprises du CAC 40 et met en évidence leurs points forts ou faibles respectifs.
Le rôle des blogs littéraires amateurs dans le processus de décision des jeunes adultes en France
Authors: Pourbaix Astrid , Guintcheva Guergana
Published: January 2020

La critique littéraire professionnelle ne par vient plus à toucher qu’un public de lecteurs initiés. Il paraît de plus en plus diff icile d’atteindre et sensibiliser une cible de jeunes lecteurs uniquement grâce aux avis d’experts. Dans ce contexte comment les médias sociaux et plus spécifiquement les blogs littéraires constituent une nouvelle source d’information dans le processus de décision des jeunes adultes en France ? Grâce à une méthodologie qualitative (analyse longitudinale d’articles de presse ; d’entretiens qualitatifs et une netnographie), deux principaux résultats peuvent être établis : d’abord, la cible des jeunes adultes est particulièrement sensible à la critique littéraire provenant des blogs amateurs qui constitue un nouveau mode d’information dans le processus de décision d’achat et, ensuite, la lecture de blogs littéraires réduit le risque perçu dans l’achat d’un bien expérientiel comme le livre.
Cocasseries
Authors: Regard Frédéric , Tomiche Anne
Published: January 2020

Quelles lois Steven Cohen transgresse-t-il quand, le 10 septembre 2013, il réalise sa performance Coq / Cock sur la place du Trocadéro à Paris et est, en conséquence, condamné (sans peine) pour « exhibition sexuelle » ? C’est la question que nous posons et la réponse ne se résume pas à des dispositions légales…
Le voyage chamanique au tambour
Authors: Merli Laetitia
Published: January 2020

Dans le chamanisme occidental, riche de multiples cosmologies syncrétiques, hybrides et multiculturelles, l’apprenti construit sa propre cosmologie par une succession d’interprétations de ses expériences cognitives et perceptuelles qui le constituent en tant que « chamane ». Les stages, initiations et diverses expériences tendent à la fabrication de ce corps chamanique capable de se mettre en contact et d’interagir, dans une relation volontaire et maîtrisée avec les autres mondes, qu’ils soient vécus comme extérieurs ou intérieurs à soi, mondes autres, parallèles ou faisant partie d’une intériorité élargie. Cet article propose une anthropologie des ressentis et des images intérieures associée à une analyse des techniques du corps dans le champ des études sur le chamanisme.
Cyber samsāra ou la métempsycose des machines
Authors: Grimaud Emmanuel
Published: January 2020

Une forme de transmigration électronique est en train de s’opérer sous nos yeux. Le Dalaï Lama l’a bien compris, apportant récemment sa bénédiction à un grand projet de « téléchargement de l’esprit » ( mind uploading ). Quel lien entretient ce modèle « numérique » de la transmigration (celui que nous promettent les transhumanistes) avec les formes plus anciennes (brahmanique, bouddhiste, spirite, etc.) ? Aurions-nous déjà opéré notre propre transmigration ? Basculé dans une autre matrice ? Serions-nous tous en train de devenir des esprits sans le savoir ?
La création de nouvelles sections du Conseil national des universités
Authors: Richard Isabelle , Le Bouler Stéphane
Published: January 2020

En France, l’absence d’inclusion de la formation en soins infirmiers à l’Université l’a de fait écartée de la production de connaissances par la recherche. Le recrutement d’enseignants-chercheurs étant un enjeu clé de l’intégration universitaire, les pouvoirs publics ont décidé d’ouvrir des nouvelles voies de qualification pour devenir professeurs ou maîtres de conférences des universités, en sciences infirmières, sciences de la réadaptation-rééducation et maïeutique. La constitution d’équipes d’enseignants-chercheurs est importante en termes de production de recherches, de gouvernance interne à l’Université et d’organisation du réseau des instituts de formation. La recherche est à considérer pour son apport à l’amélioration des pratiques soignantes mais aussi en termes d’investissement pédagogique. Il est important de distinguer les registres professionnel et disciplinaire. Au niveau master et a fortiori au niveau doctorat seule peut exister l’approche en matière de domaines de recherche, dans un registre disciplinaire et, de plus en plus, interdisciplinaire. La création de nouvelles disciplines a une double portée : elle vaut reconnaissance institutionnelle pour les champs de recherche concernés et elle potentialise l’intervention de l’Université en matière de formation paramédicale. Jouer sur ces deux tableaux - la recherche et la pédagogie d’une part, l’organisation d’autre part - est une des clés de l’intégration universitaire.
Éducation et santé : des pratiques aux savoirs
Authors: Parayre Séverine , Garcia Alicia
Published: January 2020

Nous proposons de rapprocher deux disciplines l’histoire et la philosophie pour étudier et analyser les différents paradigmes de santé. Ces changements de paradigmes vont influencer les conceptions en santé et en éducation et en conséquence les pratiques au cours des siècles. Pour cette contribution deux méthodologies, celle de l’histoire et celle de la philosophie sont conviées et croisées. En nous basant sur l’apport des recherches en histoire et en philosophie de la santé, nous procédons à une étude des archives de la santé et de l’éducation et à leurs analyses critique et réflexive. Nos résultats sont présentés sous forme de cinq catégories au cours des siècles : intuition, médicalisée, socialisée, globale, écologisée et nous suivons l’évolution de l’éducation en fonction de ces catégories. Nous posons également à travers ces différents paradigmes la place du corps au sein de la médecine, de l’éducation et de la société, qui subit des changements de savoirs, de sensibilisations et de pratiques. Enfin, nous discutons de quelle manière les paradigmes ont modifié le rapport à soi et aux autres, comment l’éducation et la santé se rejoignent pour construire une éducation à la vie, et les interactions qui se développent entre savoirs et pratiques en santé.
Les infirmières psychiatriques témoins d’un mouvement d’humanisation au cours des premières et deuxièmes vagues de la désinstitutionnalisation au Québec (1960-1990)
Authors: Thifault Marie-Claude , Kirouac Laurie
Published: January 2020

Introduction : cette étude s’intéresse au mouvement d’humanisation qui s’établit à l’hôpital psychiatrique Saint-Jean-de-Dieu entre les années 1960 et 1990. Contexte : l’historiographie sur la désinstitutionnalisation psychiatrique au Québec au XX ème siècle fait état de manière récurrente d’une critique de l’institution en la définissant comme lieu de contrôle social et avant tout comme lieu d’abandon et de déshumanisation. Objectif : documenter des traces de déférence qui prenaient place à l’intérieur des murs de l’hôpital psychiatrique (1960-1990). Méthode : l’approche sociohistorique basée sur le dépouillement de dossiers médicaux et la réalisation d’entretiens avec des infirmières. Résultats : le dépouillement des dossiers médicaux a permis de mettre en relief les réticences et les résistances des patients à réintégrer la société. Tandis que les entretiens révèlent des traces du mouvement d’humanisation en marche à travers des comportements de déférence comme la proximité, la compassion et l’exclusivité. Discussion : la parole et la mémoire des témoins du passé enrichissent et nuancent à plusieurs égards l’historiographie existante en plus d’ouvrir de nouvelles pistes d’investigation sur les pratiques infirmières en milieu psychiatrique. Conclusion : le mouvement de désinstitutionnalisation a également favorisé des politiques de santé mentale qui ont permis de transformer l’hôpital psychiatrique et le nursing psychiatrique.
Les disparités de traitement entre nouveaux et anciens salariés
Authors: Laroche Mélanie , Jalette Patrice , Duguay Frédéric Lauzon
Published: January 2020

Cet article traite d’une pratique de rémunération répandue en Amérique du Nord que l’on nomme two-tier wage ou two-tier compensation . Appelée disparité de traitement au Québec, cette pratique prévoit un traitement distinct au chapitre de la rémunération entre les employés selon leur date d’embauche. Cet article présente un portrait des différentes disparités observées dans les conventions collectives d’établissement et de leur développement au Québec. Il explique comment cette forme de discrimination salariale et les différences de rémunération qu’elle entraîne entre anciens et nouveaux employés se construisent et sont justifiées. L’article repose sur des enquêtes de terrain et des analyses de données statistiques disponibles réalisées par les auteurs au cours des ans.
Quand les hommes cuisinent au quotidien
Authors: Fouquet Angèle
Published: January 2020

Aujourd’hui encore, la cuisine domestique est majoritairement assurée par les femmes et perçue comme « féminine », invisible et ingrate, et s’oppose à une cuisine professionnelle effectuée par des hommes vue comme noble et rémunérée en conséquence. Quels sont alors les ressorts et effets, en termes de rapports sociaux de sexe, d’une prise en charge par les hommes de la cuisine domestique ? À partir d’entretiens avec des couples concernés, cet article souligne d’abord le rôle des socialisations dans cette prise en charge, ainsi que des logiques conjugales égalitaristes de répartition des tâches à partir des compétences, préférences et disponibilités. Il constate ensuite que cette prise en charge ne s’accompagne pas forcément d’un renversement des rôles au foyer. Les femmes demeurent présentes dans les tâches domestiques et notamment alimentaires, et la cuisine se voit partiellement « masculinisée » dans la façon de vivre et de se représenter la pratique.
An Empirical Study of Application of Multimodal Approach to Teaching Reading in EFL in Senior High School
Authors: Pan Xuequan , Zhang Zhixin
Published: January 2020

English Reading skill is one of the most important skills for senior high school students who learn English as a foreign language (EFL). However, the present ELF teaching method is still teacher-centered which neglects students’ learning interest and their participation in the process of teaching. In 1990s, Western scholars proposed multi-modal theory which suggests that semiotic resources (sound, images, video, animation, motion, color, facial expressions, etc.) can be used to stimulate different senses of students so as to improve their learning efficiency. The present study is intended to apply the multi-modal approach to EFL reading teaching in senior high school and tries to find out whether the multimodal teaching can stimulate students’ interest in English reading and improve their reading proficiency. In this study, with students of a high school in Anhui in China as the research subjects, an English reading teaching experiment was carried out. The analysis of data collected from reading tests and questionnaires indicates that the application of multi-modal teaching approach in high school EFL reading teaching can stimulate students’ interest in English reading and improve students’ English reading proficiency, and that most students take a positive attitude towards multimodal teaching approach.
Confronting the Challenges of MALL: Distraction, Cheating, and Teacher Readiness
Authors: Metruk Rastislav
Published: January 2020

Mobile technologies appear to be gaining in popularity regarding foreign language instruction they have recently proliferated in academic environments. M-learning opens up new possibilities and opportunities for both teachers and students, and it is inevitable that methodological approaches to pedagogy and ways of teaching foreign languages are accordingly adjusted and reevaluated. Despite the numerous significant advantages mobile technologies offer, scholars and educators have to take into consideration some barriers and limitations in this respect, and respond to both existing and future challenges. Moreover, the studies on MALL (mobile-assisted language learning) seem to be predominantly focused on benefits of specific technological advances when the advantages of MALL are discussed. This article attempts to present a critical review of the literature which deals with MALL as further research and exploration in this area is necessary, especially with regard to challenges and barriers language teachers face when m-technologies are employed. Three major drawbacks related to using mobile technologies in teaching are predominantly discussed, namely learner distraction, cheating, and teacher perception and readiness. Moreover, proposing feasible solutions to the challenges and barriers is also discussed in the article.
Digital Competence and Computational Thinking of Student Teachers
Authors: Esteve-Mon Francesc M. , Llopis M. Ángeles , Adell-Segura Jordi
Published: January 2020

Digital competence is one of the most demanded skills, and includes, among other aspects, the use of technological, informational, multimedia or communication skills and knowledge. In recent years, different institutions have included computational thinking among the different areas that make up this digital competence. However, there are few publications that deepen the relationship between computational thinking and digital competence. The present study analyzes the level of digital competence and computa-tional thinking of 248 Spanish university students, exploring the relation-ships between both abilities and the existing differences. According to the results, the majority of the students perceive themselves with a medium to a high level of digital competence, highlighting the multimedia and commu-nicative dimensions, as opposed to the more technological aspects. On the other hand, there is a correlation between computational thinking and digi-tal competence, especially with the communicative and technological areas. Likewise, the results indicate that women obtain lower results in their computational thinking and are perceived to be digitally less competent than men, especially in regard to the technological dimension. These results provide relevant information in terms of research and open the door to the development of training actions in student teachers to overcome the still-existing gender gaps.
Using a Personalized Learning Style and Google Classroom Technology to Bridge the Knowledge Gap on Computer Science
Authors: Kopeyev Zhanat , Mubarakov Akan , Kultan Jaroslav , Aimicheva Gaukhar , Tuyakov Yessenkeldy
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to the challenge of bridging the knowledge gap on computer science in context of the Kazakhstani education. The authors discuss the main reasons of gap in knowledge on computer science at first-year students and suggest suitable teaching to solve the indicated challenge. The considered teaching is based on the principle of continuity to teaching which provide correlation between various levels of education and improving the effectiveness of teaching.
The different levels of the students’ learning outcomes on computer science is considered as one of the most important cause of the investigated challenge. For this reason, the authors investigate the educational process design and the differentiated learning methodology using the Google Classroom technology aimed to the bridging knowledge gap in computer science.
Aspects de météopathologie des conjonctivites en phase hiverno-printanière à Sfax (Centre-Est de la Tunisie)
Authors: Jarraya Mounir
Published: January 2020

À Sfax, la morbidité liée aux conjonctivites est fortement influencée par le contexte climatique. En effet, la fréquence des consultations pour conjonctivites - enregistrées par les Centres de Santé de Base -, durant la phase hiverno-printanière, va de pair avec l’évolution de la situation thermique. L’analyse de l’accroissement de cette morbidité pendant cette période permet de déterminer des aspects météopathologiques spécifiques, dont le passage de la fraîcheur hivernale à la douceur printanière ainsi que la prédominance d’un type bien déterminé de conjonctivites en fonction de la saison constituent les facteurs majeurs.
Les mères de jumeaux en situation de mendicité à Ouagadougou
Authors: Nikiema Aude , Sawadogo Honorine Pegdwendé
Published: January 2020

Au Burkina Faso, les jumeaux sont à la fois craints et vénérés. Ils sont au centre de pratiques rituelles variées selon les groupes socioculturels. L’exemple du rite de la présentation des jumeaux est illustratif. Obligatoire, symbolique et ponctuel, jadis prescrit à toute mère de jumeaux, il consistait à amener ses enfants sur une place publique pour les présenter à la communauté et obtenir leur aumône, gage de protection pour les enfants. De nos jours, les mères de jumeaux mendient de façon quotidienne dans la ville de Ouagadougou, et sur un temps beaucoup plus long que ne le prescrit la tradition. Cet article vise à décrire les sites de mendicité préférentiels occupés par ces femmes et cherche à comprendre et à expliquer la logique d’occupation de ces lieux.
Risques liés aux écoulements torrentiels et leur gestion à Chosica (Lima, Pérou)
Authors: Mejía Uquiche Alexis Ricardo , Ronchail Josyane
Published: January 2020

La ville de Chosica (district de Lurigancho-Chosica, dans la banlieue de Lima au Pérou), à cause de ses caractéristiques physiques, est fréquemment frappée par des écoulements torrentiels. Ces événements ne sont pas seulement liés à l’occurrence de pluies fortes (elles-mêmes le plus souvent liées au phénomène d’El Niño), mais aussi aux conditions d’instabilité géomorphologique dans des ravins, dont les parties inférieure et centrale sont peuplées. Ces événements produisent de fortes pertes de vies humaines et économiques. Nous analysons l’aléa (l’intensité et la fréquence des écoulements torrentiels), la fragilité des logements, le degré d’exposition face à l’aléa, et le niveau de gestion du risque lors des trois derniers événements de 2012, 2015 et 2017. L’installation de barrières flexibles en 2016 semble avoir contribué à la réduction des dégâts en 2017, alors que les pluies ont été plus fortes que les années précédentes.
Fuzzy Bi-Interior Ideals of Semirings
Authors: Bollineni Venkateswarlu , T. Sri Lakshmi , Y. Adi Narayana
Published: January 2020

In this chapter, the authors introduce the notion of a fuzzy bi-interior ideal of semiring and they characterize the regular semiring in terms of fuzzy bi-interior ideal of semiring. And also they proved Let I be a non-empty subset of a semiring M and χ_I be the characteristic function of I. Then I is a bi interior ideal of semiring if and only if χ_I is a fuzzy bi-interior ideal of semiring M.
Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Subnear Rings
Authors: Adak Amal Kumar
Published: January 2020

The theory of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets is a generalization of both interval-valued fuzzy sets and intuitionistic fuzzy sets. In this chapter, the notion of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy subnear-ring is introduced, and some interesting properties are discussed. Some relations on the family of all interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy subnear-ring are presented, and some related properties are investigated. Also, the authors represent upper and lower level set of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy set.
Interval-Valued Fuzzy H-Ideals on ß-Algebra
Authors: Muralikrishna Prakasam , Senapati Tapan , Hemavathi Perumal
Published: January 2020

The notion of interval valued fuzzy set was first introduced by Zadeh as a generalization of fuzzy sets. Using interval valued fuzzy set, various algebraic structures and related topics were discussed. This chapter extends fuzzy H-ideal into interval valued fuzzy H-ideals of β-algebra and deals some related results. It also provides the study on homomorphic images of an interval valued fuzzy H-ideals of β-algebra and the idea of Cartesian product of interval valued fuzzy H-ideals of β-algebra.
Series of Aggregation Operators for Picture Fuzzy Environments and Their Applications
Authors: Abdullah Saleem , Ashraf Shahzaib
Published: January 2020

The main objective of the chapter is to introduce a series of picture fuzzy weighted averaging and geometric aggregation operators by using t-norm and t-conorm. In this chapter, they discussed generalized form of weighted averaging and geometric aggregation operator for picture fuzzy information. Further, the proposed aggregation operators of picture fuzzy number are applied to multi-attribute group decision making problems. To implement the proposed models, they provide some numerical applications of group decision making problems. Also compared with previous model, they conclude that the proposed technique is more effective and reliable.
Managing Electronic Records in Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Tsabedze Vusi W.
Published: January 2020

This chapter presents findings on the management of e-records in a higher education institution (HEI) with a view to developing a best-practice framework for the management of e-records. The study has utilised interviews, observation document review, and questionnaire to generate data. The study revealed that there are weak institution policies and procedures to guide the management of e-records and the lack of knowledge and skills in the management of e-records. The study recommends, among other things, improvement of the e-records management policy framework and creation of awareness about management of e-records and regular training for records officers. Lastly, the chapter proposed a framework for managing e-records in HEIs.
Stakeholder Strategy to Lessen Agriculture Distress
Authors: Deshpande Mukund , Baporikar Neeta
Published: January 2020

Agriculture distress is a reality. Hence, the phenomenon of farmer suicides continues. This is, in spite of government support through financial aids. On the other hand, climatic conditions have undergone huge change and enhanced natural calamities like drought or floods. Thus, farmers' life is at stake and these natural calamities make it further difficult to repay the debts they avail for cultivating farming. Statistics reflect an increase in farmers suicide in the past two years. This is a cause of worry and may further increase if proper, and effective solutions are not in place. The issue is serious. Hence, there is a dire need to look into and act on priority to find stable solutions. Instead of granting repetitive financial packages, the need is to adopt suitable schemes. Hence, adopting a mixed-method approach with an in-depth literature review, the chapter aims to propose a stakeholder strategy to lessen agriculture distress. This is not mandatory, but adoption is likely to benefit a large number of poor farmers.
The Engagement of Indian Private Banks in the Economy Through Off-Balance Sheet Activities
Authors: Gurjar Hariom , Tripathi Akhilesh , Joshi Mahesh Chandra
Published: January 2020

After financial reform, banks in India adopted financial innovations to earn more profits through various off-balance-sheet tools. To gauge the impact of these items on the efficiency of the top private banks, the authors used the non-parametric Malmquist method. They calculated efficiency with and without the inclusion of these items. Technical and technological efficiency changes were calculated to make a total factor productivity change index for ten years, 2008 to 2017. The results for the banks strengthened the dominant view in the current literature, removing off-balance sheet items led to the biased efficiency of these banks. The presence of these items increased the efficiency of the banks. Nonetheless, it also supported that increments in efficiency were more due to technological change. Despite the odd distribution of these items among these banks, they made a significant piece in the income of banks and overlooking them eroded the efficiency of the banks.
The Capture of Traditional Leaders by Political Parties in Zimbabwe for Political Expediency
Authors: Kurebwa Jeffrey
Published: January 2020

Traditional leaders have been at the centre of controversy from the pre-colonial to the post-colonial period. The recognition of traditional leaders by the ruling party Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front (ZANU PF) in Zimbabwe has been controversial. Since 1999, the ZANU-PF government has been facing a serious political crises and an increasingly powerful opposition party (Movement for Democratic Change). Zimbabwe adopted a new Constitution in 2013 which, among other things recognizes the role of the institution of traditional leadership which operates alongside modern state structures. While recognizing the role and status of the institution, the Constitution strictly regulates the conduct of traditional leaders.
Nonclassical Monocytes Sense Hypoxia, Regulate Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling, and Promote Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Yu Yen-Rei A. , Malakhau Yuryi , Yu Chen-Hsin A. , Phelan Stefan-Laural J. , Cumming R. Ian , Kan Matthew J. , Mao Lan , Rajagopal Sudarshan , Piantadosi Claude A. , Gunn Michael D.
Published: January 2020

An increasing body of evidence suggests that bone marrow–derived myeloid cells play a critical role in the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the true requirement for myeloid cells in PH development has not been demonstrated, and a specific disease-promoting myeloid cell population has not been identified. Using bone marrow chimeras, lineage labeling, and proliferation studies, we determined that, in murine hypoxia-induced PH, Ly6Clo nonclassical monocytes are recruited to small pulmonary arteries and differentiate into pulmonary interstitial macrophages. Accumulation of these nonclassical monocyte–derived pulmonary interstitial macrophages around pulmonary vasculature is associated with increased muscularization of small pulmonary arteries and disease severity. To determine if the sensing of hypoxia by nonclassical monocytes contributes to the development of PH, mice lacking expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in the Ly6Clo monocyte lineage were exposed to hypoxia. In these mice, vascular remodeling and PH severity were significantly reduced. Transcriptome analyses suggest that the Ly6Clo monocyte lineage regulates PH through complement, phagocytosis, Ag presentation, and chemokine/cytokine pathways. Consistent with these murine findings, relative to controls, lungs from pulmonary arterial hypertension patients displayed a significant increase in the frequency of nonclassical monocytes. Taken together, these findings show that, in response to hypoxia, nonclassical monocytes in the lung sense hypoxia, infiltrate small pulmonary arteries, and promote vascular remodeling and development of PH. Our results demonstrate that myeloid cells, specifically cells of the nonclassical monocyte lineage, play a direct role in the pathogenesis of PH.
Activation of Dendritic Cells Alters the Mechanism of MHC Class II Antigen Presentation to CD4 T Cells
Authors: Cho Kyung-Jin , Ishido Satoshi , Eisenlohr Laurence C. , Roche Paul A.
Published: January 2020

Both immature and mature dendritic cells (DCs) can process and present foreign Ags to CD4 T cells; however, the mechanism by which MHC class II (MHC-II) in mature DCs acquires antigenic peptides remains unknown. To address this, we have studied Ag processing and presentation of two distinct CD4 T cell epitopes of the influenza virus hemagglutinin coat protein by both immature and mature mouse DCs. We find that immature DCs almost exclusively use newly synthesized MHC-II targeted to DM+ late endosomes for presentation to influenza virus–specific CD4 T cells. By contrast, mature DCs exclusively use recycling MHC-II that traffics to both early and late endosomes for antigenic peptide binding. Rab11a knockdown partially inhibits recycling of MHC-II in mature DCs and selectively inhibits presentation of an influenza virus hemagglutinin CD4 T cell epitope generated in early endosomes. These studies highlight a “division of labor” in MHC-II peptide binding, in which immature DCs preferentially present Ags acquired in Rab11a− DM+ late endosomes, whereas mature DCs use recycling MHC-II to present antigenic peptides acquired in both Rab11a+ early endosomes and Rab11a− endosomes for CD4 T cell activation.
Increasing Individual Target Glucose Levels to Prevent Hypoglycemia in Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Shin Juyoung , Kim Hyunah , Kim Hun-Sung , Kim Churlmin , Choi Whan-Seok
Published: January 2020

Hypoglycemia is one of the severe complications of diabetes. To prevent hypoglycemia, an emphasis is placed on maintaining an appropriate balance between nutrition, activity, and treatment, which can be achieved by the repetition of self-trials based on self-monitoring. Clinicians routinely focus on patients’ contribution, including timely intake of an adequate amount of carbohydrates, physical activity, antidiabetic medication, and abstinence from alcohol. Recently, many guidelines have highlighted the importance of clinicians’ factors and recommend individualized treatments according to lifestyle patterns and specific needs following the de-intensification of treatment. The optimal value of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels for blood glucose level regulation remains controversial among countries, but it generally does not exceed 8.0%. In populations that are at a risk of hypoglycemia, such as the older adults, it is advisable to adjust the target blood glucose level to less than 8.0%. Meanwhile, a blood glucose level of 7.0%–7.5% is generally recommended for healthy older adults. If the expected lifetime is shorter than 10 years or in patients with chronic kidney disease and severe cardiovascular disease, the HbA1c level target can be increased to 7.5%–8.0%. For even shorter lifetime expectancy, the target can be adjusted up to 8.0%–9.0%. To prevent hypoglycemia, the target blood glucose level needs to be adjusted, particularly in older adult patients. Ultimately, it is important to identify the maximum blood glucose levels that do not cause hypoglycemia and the minimum blood glucose levels that do not cause hyperglycemia-associated complications.
Quadriceps Neuromuscular and Physical Function After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Hunnicutt Jennifer L. , McLeod Michelle M. , Slone Harris S. , Gregory Chris M.
Published: January 2020

Context

Persistent neuromuscular deficits in the surgical limb after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) have been repeatedly described in the literature, yet little is known regarding their association with physical performance and patient-reported function.

Objective

To describe (1) interlimb differences in neuromuscular and functional outcomes and (2) the associations of neuromuscular outcomes with measures of physical and knee-related patient-reported function.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

Thirty individuals after primary, unilateral ACLR (19 males; age = 21.5 years [range, 14–41 years]; 8 months [range = 6–23 months] postsurgery).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Knee-extensor isometric and isokinetic peak torque was measured with an isokinetic dynamometer. Cross-sectional area (CSA) was measured bilaterally for each of the quadriceps muscles via magnetic resonance imaging. We measured quadriceps central activation bilaterally via the superimposed-burst technique. Physical performance (single-legged hop tests, step length via spatiotemporal gait analysis) and patient-reported outcomes (International Knee Documentation Committee questionnaire and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Sport and Recreation subscale) were also recorded. We conducted Wilcoxon signed rank tests to identify interlimb differences. Spearman ρ correlation analyses revealed associations between limb symmetry and neuromuscular and functional outcomes, as well as with patient-reported function.

Results

Deficits in the surgical limb as compared with the nonsurgical limb were present for all outcomes (P values < .05). Greater single-legged hop-test symmetry (83%) was significantly correlated with greater symmetry in knee-extensor isometric (63%; rs = 0.567, P = .002) and isokinetic (68%; rs = 0.540, P = .003) strength, as well as greater cross-sectional area of the vastus medialis (78%; rs = 0.519, P = .006) and vastus lateralis (82%; rs = 0.752, P < .001). A higher International Knee Documentation Committee questionnaire score (82.2) was significantly correlated with greater symmetry in knee-extensor isokinetic strength (rs = 0.379, P = .039).

Conclusions

Although deficits were observed in the surgical limb for all neuromuscular measures, greater symmetry in the size and strength of the quadriceps, rather than activation, was more strongly associated with physical performance after ACLR. Greater symmetry in strength was also more strongly associated with patient-reported function.
Variations on Poincaré duality for intersection homology
Authors: Saralegi-Aranguren Martintxo , Tanré Daniel
Published: January 2020

Intersection homology with coefficients in a field restores Poincaré duality for some spaces with singularities, as stratified pseudomanifolds. But, with coefficients in a ring, the behaviours of manifolds and stratified pseudomanifolds are different. This work is an overview, with proofs and explicit examples, of various possible situations with their properties.

We first set up a duality, defined from a cap product, between two intersection cohomologies: the first one arises from a linear dual and the second one from a simplicial blow up. Moreover, from this property, Poincaré duality in intersection homology looks like the Poincaré–Lefschetz duality of a manifold with boundary. Besides that, an investigation of the coincidence of the two previous cohomologies reveals that the only obstruction to the existence of a Poincaré duality is the homology of a well defined complex. This recovers the case of the peripheral sheaf introduced by Goresky and Siegel for compact PL-pseudomanifolds. We also list a series of explicit computations of peripheral intersection cohomology. In particular, we observe that Poincaré duality can exist in the presence of torsion in the “critical degree” of the intersection homology of the links of a stratified pseudomanifold.
Traversing three-manifold triangulations and spines
Authors: Rubinstein J. Hyam , Segerman Henry , Tillmann Stephan
Published: January 2020

A celebrated result concerning triangulations of a given closed three-manifold is that any two triangulations with the same number of vertices are connected by a sequence of so-called 2–3 and 3–2 moves. A similar result is known for ideal triangulations of topologically finite non-compact three-manifolds. These results build on classical work that goes back to Alexander, Newman, Moise, and Pachner. The key special case of one-vertex triangulations of closed three-manifolds was independently proven by Matveev and Piergallini. The general result for closed three-manifolds can be found in work of Benedetti and Petronio, and Amendola gives a proof for topologically finite non-compact three-manifolds. These results (and their proofs) are phrased in the dual language of spines.

The purpose of this note is threefold. We wish to popularise Amendola’s result; we give a combined proof for both closed and non-compact manifolds that emphasises the dual viewpoints of triangulations and spines; and we give a proof replacing a key general position argument due to Matveev with a more combinatorial argument inspired by the theory of subdivisions.
A simple construction of an action selector on aspherical symplectic manifolds
Authors: Abbondandolo Alberto , Haug Carsten , Schlenk Felix
Published: January 2020

We construct an action selector on aspherical symplectic manifolds that are closed or convex. Such selectors have been constructed by Matthias Schwarz using Floer homology. The construction we present here is simpler and uses only Gromov compactness.
التطور المالي، رأس المال البشري ونمو الناتج في المملكة العربية السعودية
Authors: عبدالله بن محمد بن صالح المالكي عبدالله بن محمد بن صالح المالكي
Published: January 2020

تبحث هذه الورقة في العلاقة بين التطور المالي، رأس المال البشري والنمو الاقتصادي في المملكة العربية السعودية خلال الفترة من 1970-2008م. ويستند هذا التحليل التجريبي على طريقة التكامل المشترك الحديثة نسبياً جنبا إلى جنب مع منهجيات السلاسل الزمنية الشائعة مثل انجل وجرانجر (1987م)، جوهانسن وجيوسيلس (1990م) وسببية جرانجر. اختبارات التكامل المشترك تكشف عن وجود علاقة توازنية طويلة المدى بين التطور المالي ورأس المال البشري والنمو الاقتصادي. اختبارات السببية تشير إلى وجود علاقة سببية ثنائية الاتجاه بين رأس المال البشري والنمو الاقتصادي، وبين الانفتاح والنمو الاقتصادي. كما تؤكد على العلاقة السببية أحادية الاتجاه من التطور المالي إلى النمو الاقتصادي. وهذا يعني أن على الحكومة تطوير القطاع المالي بشكل أكبر والعمل على تقوية العلاقة بين القطاع المالي والقطاع الحقيقي في المملكة العربية السعودية.
مؤسسات التصميم الهندسي المعماري في المملكة العربية السعودية: التخطيط الاستراتيجي وكفاءة ممارسة المهنة
Authors: عدنان عباس عدس عدنان عباس عدس
Published: January 2020

مع انضمام المملكة العربية السعودية لنظام التجارة العالمية سيكون لذلك تأثير على المؤسسات العاملة في السوق المحلي بما فيها المؤسسات التي تقدم الخدمات الاستشارية الهندسية وبالأخص المعمارية منها. ولتكون هذه المؤسسات قادرة على التنافس في ممارسة المهنة المعمارية، وبجانب أمور أخرى يلزمها أن تعتمد منهج التخطيط الاستراتيجي في تفهم أوضاع السوق وبيئة العمل الداخلية والخارجية. بالإضافة إلى ذلك أن العمل بأسس التخطيط الاستراتيجي سيؤدي إلى رفع كفاءة أداء المؤسسات المعمارية ويؤهلها لخوض الصراع على البقاء وبصورة أفضل.يناقش هذا البحث باختصار أنموذج نظري يوضح مراحل عملية التخطيط الاستراتيجي. بعد ذلك تناقش الورقة عملية التخطيط الاستراتيجي من منظور مؤسسات تقديم الخدمات الاستشارية المعمارية، ومن خلال دراسة أجريت على مؤسسات تقديم الخدمات الاستشارية المعمارية في المملكة العربية السعودية تقوم الورقة بإعطاء نظرة سريعة لوضع المؤسسات التي تقدم الخدمات الاستشارية المعمارية في السوق السعودي فيما يتعلق بتطبيق بعض المبادئ الأساسية والاعتماد على عملية التخطيط الاستراتيجي لقيادة سفينة المؤسسة إلى بر الأمان. قامت الدراسة بتقييم مستوى قوة ثقافة المؤسسة باستخدام طريقة مالوني والجهود المبذولة للتحسين المستمر والتركيز على جودة الخدمة وتوطيدها داخل هذه المؤسسات. قيمت الدراسة مدى استخدام إدارة هذه المؤسسات للتخطيط الاستراتيجي وطرق تحليل نقاط القوة والضعف والفرص المتاحة والتهديدات (SWOT) الموجودة في البيئة التنافسية لهذه المؤسسات، كما قامت الدراسة بقياس جودة الخدمة المقدمة من قبل هذه المؤسسات والجهد المبذول في تحقيق إرضاء العميل باستخدام طريقة الأنموذج (SERVQUAL). في الجزء الأخير يخلص البحث إلى توصيات أساسية وبدائل استراتيجية لمؤسسات الخدمات الاستشارية المعمارية المحلية توفر لهم إمكانية المساهمة الفاعلة في المشاريع في ظل نظام التجارة العالمية.
Building Systems and Flexibility: Developing a Conceptual
Cost Analysis Framework for Office Buildings
Authors: عادل محمد بن ياسين عادل محمد بن ياسين
Published: January 2020

Flexibility of physical environment in workplaces is an
important issue for designers and facility managers in order to
understand the implications of any change. This paper develops a
conceptual framework for the notion of workplace flexibility.
Building systems which represent the physical elements of the
workplace are categorized in terms of shell, scenery, services and set.
Flexibility is conceptualized in terms of ease to change, and is
associated with cost. Most of the research in literature dealt with
flexibility in its theoretical concept. This research tried to attach
quantitative measures to the concept of flexibility. Three types of
change related to cost were developed in association with both
performance and time. These are costs of replacement, improvement
and movement. The paper claims that through understanding the three
types of cost which represent level of flexibility of the physical
elements, organizations and designers could select the most
appropriate choice of change. Indicators for flexibility and
effectiveness were developed. Results of analyzing the three types of
change according to the developed framework when applied to air
conditioning ducts system in Jaffali office building in Jeddah show
variation of flexibility level at different level of change. However,
replacement of the whole ducts system are found to be the most
expensive choice, whereas improvement of the system is the most
effective choice. The paper suggests that such approach could be
easily applied to different building systems, as it becomes a helpful
tool for designers and managers to resolve the problem of flexibility.
التخطيط للسيطرة المكانية
Authors: أيمن محمد إسماعيل أيمن محمد إسماعيل
Published: January 2020

تعرض هذه الورقة كيف يمكن للتخطيط العمراني أن يتحول من عملية فنية بحتة إلى أداة فصل عنصري مشبعة سياسيا. لدرجة أن نفس الأدوات التي يستخدمها المخططون في تحقيق مفهوم "المصلحة العامة" يمكن أن تستعمل لتحقيق "السيطرة المطلقة" و"السيادة الفئوية" في نفس النطاق العمراني. وسوف نتناول مفهوم وتعريف السيطرة المكانية وأهدافها المزدوجة والأدوات المستخدمة ودورها في تحقيق السيطرة المكانية، وذلك من خلال دراسة حالة لمنطقة الضفة الغربية المحتلة فقط (دون التطرق لقطاع غزة أو القدس). لإبراز هذه الحالة وذلك بسبب مساحتها وتواصلها المكاني مما يسمح بالتحليل الجغرافي. والهدف هو محاولة إيجاد علاقة أو نموذج بين تطويع التخطيط العمراني كأداه جيوسياسية لتكريس السيطرة المكانية على فئة بشرية مستضعفة وبين الأدوات المستخدمة. والمنهجية المستخدمة تعتمد أيضا على مقابلة تجربة جنوب إفريقيا العنصرية واستنباط العناصر التخطيطية المستخدمة لفرض السيطرة المكانية. ومن ثم تتبع وضعية الضفة الغربية عسكريا وأيديولوجيا والرؤية الاستراتيجية لها لدى الصهاينة لنتعرف على رؤيتهم لتشكيلها الفراغي والمكاني على مدى سنوات الاحتلال. ثم التطرق إلى الآليات والأدوات المستخدمة في محاولتهم الدؤوبة لفرض السيطرة المكانية حتى مع الحديث عن السلام. وختاما يطرح نموذج فكري للسيطرة المكانية يبين عناصرها ودور التخطيط في تحقيقها. وقد تم الاعتماد على البيانات من مصادر ثانوية، وذلك نظرا لتعقيدات تتبع بيانات أولية.
مفهوم الاتجاهات الجغرافية في القرآن الكريم: تطبيقات ميدانية لأحداث ورد ذكرها في القرآن الكريم والسيرة النبوية
Authors: عبد الله حسين القاضي عبد الله حسين القاضي
Published: January 2020

جاءت هذه الورقة البحثية بهدف تتبع المفردات التي وردت في آيات القرآن الكريم والتي تشير إلى اتجاهات جغرافية محددة وحصرها وتوضيح المعاني والدلالات الدقيقة والصحيحة لتلك المفردات، وتركز الورقة بشكل خاص على توقيع هذا المفهوم على تطبيقات متنوعة لأحداث ورد ذكرها في القرآن الكريم والسيرة النبوية. وقد اعتمد البحث في جمع المعلومات اللازمة للدراسة على مراجعة مستفيضة ومتأنية لآيات القرآن الكريم التي تضمنت مفردات ذات مدلولات جغرافية، ثم تتبع معاني تلك المفردات في كتب التفاسير والسيرة والمعاجم اللغوية، كما قام الباحث بجمع بيانات أساسية من خلال الزيارات الميدانية المتكررة لمواقع بعض الأحداث التي وردت فيها المفردات الجغرافية ضمن سياق الآيات القرآنية ورفعت إحداثيات بعض تلك المواقع بأجهزة التصوير الفوتوغرافي المزودة بنظام الرصد المكاني GPS، ومن ثم تم بناء تصور جغرافي متكامل لمواقع تلك الأحداث، واستعان الباحث في رسم هذا التصور بكروكيات تبسيطية وخرائط مساحية دقيقة لتلك المواقع معتمداً على مصورات الأقمار الصناعية المعدة ببرنامج جوجل إيرث، فضلاً عن الصور الفوتوغرافية لبعض معالم تلك المواقع.استخدمت الدراسة أساليب التحليل الاستنباطي المستمد من تدقيق الكلمات الجغرافية كما وردت في سياق الآيات القرآنية ومن ثم استخلاص معانيها ومدلولاتها الجغرافية الأكثر ترجيحاً بعد الاستعانة بكتب التفاسير المختلفة، كما طبقت الدراسة أساليب الحصر العددي البسيط لمرات تكرار كل كلمة من تلك الكلمات في آيات القرآن الكريم ككل، مع إبراز الفرق بين المعنى الجغرافي، والمكاني، والمجازي العام لكل مفردة، كما تمت جدولة تلك الكلمات ومعانيها ومواضعها في الآيات.
مدن المعرفة: دراسة حالة حاضرة الدمام – المملكة العربية السعودية
Authors: فائز سعد الشهري فائز سعد الشهري
Published: January 2020

يهدف البحث إلى تقديم دراسة لما ينبغي أن تكون عليه مدن المعرفة وتحديد جوانب ومفردات تخطيطها. فالمدينة الحالية شكلت وفق استراتيجية مبنية على مفاهيم الاقتصاد التقليدي الذي يعتمد على الموارد وعلاقتها بمناطق الإنتاج والتوزيع، حيث جاء مخطط المدينة موزعًا إلى مناطق من الأنشطة الاقتصادية التي تعتمد على تلك الموارد، ويشير البحث إلى أن هذا الأسلوب في التخطيط العمراني الذي تشهده المدينة في الوقت الحاضر لا يتلاءم مع متطلبات مدينة الغد التي تعتمد على قاعدة اقتصادية معرفية تشكل الأنشطة المختلفة فيها من إنتاج وخدمات واستخدام المعلومات وتصبح المعرفة محركا أساسيا في تنميتها العمرانية ومؤثرا قويا في الأساليب والأطر التي تقوم عليها وظائفها العمرانية وأساليب معيشية عالية لفئاتها الاجتماعية. كما يستعرض البحث بعض التجارب العالمية لمدن اشتهرت كمدن معرفية مستقاة من مناطق عدة حول العالم، مستخلصا الدروس من تجارب تلك المدن، ويختتم البحث بتقديم دراسة لحالة حاضرة الدمام بالمنطقة الشرقية يوضح فيها المقومات والإمكانيات والفرص لجعل حاضرة الدمام منارة معرفية
دراسة عمرانية للزحام في منى وعند الجمرات
Authors: محمد عبد الله إدريس محمد عبد الله إدريس
Published: January 2020

الحج منظومة من المناسك يجب على الحجاج أداؤها في أوقات وأماكن محددة مع اختلاف مراتبها، ويعد مشعر منى من المشاعر التي تكثر فيها المناسك، ومن أهمها رمي الجمار، والحلق، والتقصير، والنحر، والمبيت. ويمثل رمي الجمار والمبيت أصعب المناسك لما فيهما من جهد ومشقة على الحجاج نتيجة الزحام، ويلعب الحيز الفراغي والكثافة دوراً مهماً في حدوث الزحام غير المرغوب وخصوصاً في المناسبات المرتبطة بمكان وزمان محددين. ويعد الزحام من أهم مشاكل مشعر منى وخصوصاَ عند منطقة الجمرات. وفي هذه الدراسة، التي تعتمد على الدراسات السابقة والأعمال الميدانية في جمع المعلومات، يتم التعرف على الوضع الراهن لمشعر منى ومنطقة الجمرات، وتحديد أوقات الذروة ومستويات الكثافة وحساب معدلات الانتظار في منطقة الجمرات وحجم التكدس فيها، وأسباب الزحام وآثاره السلبية على الحجاج، وتنتهي إلى بعض الحلول والمقترحات التي تساهم في تخفيف الزحام في منى وعند الجمرات بصفة خاصة، وتحافظ على سلامة الحجاج.