bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Esclerodermia: uma doença sistêmica com manifestações na cavidade oral e periodonto Sclerodermia: a systemic disease with manifestations in oral cavity and periodontics
Authors: Kohane Julia Grimberg , Perpetuo Kamilla Gabrielle Silva , Heymovski Janaína Lima , Candido Bruno Fernando , Santos Felipe Rychuv , Storrer Carmen L. Mueller , Deliberador Tatiana Miranda
Published: January 2020

Introdução: A esclerodermia é uma desordem pertencente a um grupo de doenças autoimunes do tecido conjuntivo, caracterizada por esclerose na pele, pulmões, coração, trato gastrointestinal, rins e sistema musculoesquelético. Das manifestações orais e periorais, são evidentes aumento do espaço do ligamento periodontal, limitação da função mastigatória, dificuldade no processo de reparo, fibrose da pele, diminuição da abertura bucal, xerostomia, cárie, entre outros.Em virtude das alterações na microcirculação dos tecidos gengivais e dos medicamentos sistêmicos, pode haver inflamação gengival e desenvolvimento de hiperplasia gengival. A xerostomia e as alterações escleróticas das mãos e dedos contribuem para um maior acúmulo de placa nesses pacientes. Objetivo: Relatar o caso clínico de uma paciente portadora de esclerodermia sistêmica (ES) e a associação dessa doença com as manifestações orais e periodontais. Relato decaso: Paciente A.M.S., 47 anos, sexo feminino, diagnosticada com ES há 16 anos, apresentou em associação à doença sistêmica diferentes manifestações orais e periodontais, como aumento do espaço do ligamento periodontal, diminuição da abertura bucal, limitação da função mastigatória, dificuldade no processo de reparo, fibrose da pele, xerostomia, cárie, sangramento gengival, presença de cálculo dental e mobilidade dentária. Conclusão: Os sinais e sintomas apresentados podem interferir na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Portanto, é de extrema importância o cirurgião-dentista estar atento às manifestações, a fim de orientar e motivar os pacientes com o intuito de diminuir os fatores de risco, proporcionar um tratamento apropriado ou até mesmo realizar um possível diagnóstico da doença.
Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Liver Diseases: Promising Molecular Drug Targets and their Clinical Development
Authors: Thapa Komal , Grewal Ajmer Singh , Kanojia Neha , Rani Lata , Sharma Neelam , Singh Sukhbir
Published: January 2020

:

Alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases have become a serious concern worldwide.
Both these liver diseases have an identical pathology, starting from simple steatosis to cirrhosis
and, ultimately to hepatocellular carcinoma. Treatment options for alcoholic liver disease
(ALD) are still the same as they were 50 years ago which include corticosteroids, pentoxifylline,
antioxidants, nutritional support and abstinence; and for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
(NAFLD), weight loss, insulin sensitizers, lipid-lowering agents and anti-oxidants are the only
treatment options. Despite broad research in understanding the disease pathophysiology, limited
treatments are available for clinical use. Some therapeutic strategies based on targeting a specific
molecule have been developed to lessen the consequences of disease and are under clinical investigation.
Therefore, focus on multiple molecular targets will help develop an efficient therapeutic
strategy. This review comprises a brief overview of the pathogenesis of ALD and NAFLD; recent
molecular drug targets explored for ALD and NAFLD that may prove to be effective for multiple
therapeutic regimens and also the clinical status of these promising drug targets for liver diseases.
Synthesis, Antitrypanosomal and Antimycobacterial Activities of Coumarin N-acylhydrazonic Derivatives
Authors: Capelini Camila , Câmara Vitória R.F. , Villar José D. Figueroa , Barbosa Juliana M.C. , Salomão Kelly , de Castro Solange L. , Junior Policarpo A.S. , Murta Silvane M.F. , Couto Thais B. , Lourenço Maria C.S. , Wardell James L. , Low John N. , da Silva Edson F. , Carvalho Samir A.
Published: January 2020

Background:

Near to 5-7 million people are infected with T. cruzi in the world, and
about 10,000 people per year die of problems associated with this disease.

Method:

Herein, the synthesis, antitrypanosomal and antimycobacterial activities of seventeen
coumarinic N-acylhydrazonic derivatives have been reported.

Results:

These compounds were synthesized using methodology with reactions global yields ranging
from 46%-70%. T. cruzi in vitro effects were evaluated against trypomastigote and amastigote,
forming M. tuberculosis activity towards H37Rv sensitive strain and resistant strains.

Discussion:

Against T. cruzi, the more active compounds revealed only moderate activity
IC50/96h~20 μM for both trypomastigotes and amastigotes intracellular forms. (E)-2-oxo-N'-
(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)-2H-chromene-3-carbohydrazide showed meaningful activity in
INH resistant/RIP resistant strain.

Conclusion:

These compound acting as multitarget could be good leads for the development of
new trypanocidal and bactericidal agents.
Assessment of an Electrocoagulation Reactor for the Removal of Oil Content and Turbidity from Real Oily Wastewater Using Response Surface Method
Authors: AlJaberi Forat Y. , Abdulmajeed Basma A. , Hassan Ali A. , Ghadban Muhib L.
Published: January 2020

Background:

Large amounts of oily wastewater and its derivatives are discharged
annually from several industries to the environment.

Objective:

The present study aims to investigate the ability to remove oil content and turbidity
from real oily wastewater discharged from the wet oil's unit (West Qurna 1-Crude Oil Location/
Basra-Iraq) by using an innovated electrocoagulation reactor containing concentric
aluminum tubes in a monopolar mode.

Methods:

The influences of the operational variables (current density (1.77-7.07 mA/cm2)
and electrolysis time (10-40 min)) were studied using response surface methodology (RSM)
and Minitab-17 statistical program. The agitation speed was taken as 200 rpm. Energy and
electrodes consumption had been studied and modeled.

Results:

The results revealed the positive effect of the electrodes design on the studied responses.

Conclusion:

Under the optimum values of the operating variables (5.675 mA/cm2, 40 min),
85.982% and 84.439% removal efficiencies of oil content and turbidity respectively were obtained
and the consumption of energy and electrodes were observed as 4.333kWh/m3 and
0.36 g respectively.
The Effect of Loan and Intellectual Capital on Profitability with Credit Risk as Moderating
Authors: Erzha Eria Latifalia , Sudarma Made , Rahman Aulia Fuad
Published: January 2020

Abstract: This study aims to examine and empirically prove the moderating effects of credit risk on the relationship between the loan and intellectual capital with profitability. The sample selection technique uses purposive sampling, and data analysis uses moderated regression analysis. The result shows that loan has a positive effect on profitability, intellectual capital has positive effect on profitability, and credit risk moderates the effect of loan and intellectual capital on profitability. Keywords: loan, intellectual capital, credit risk, bank profitability.Pengaruh Pinjaman dan Modal Intelektual Terhadap Profitabilitas dengan Risiko Kredit sebagai PemoderasiAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan membuktikan secara empiris efek moderasi risiko kredit terhadap hubungan pinjaman (loan) dan intellectual capital dengan profitabilitas. Teknik pemilihan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan analisis data menggunakan moderated regression analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pinjaman berpengaruh positif terhadap profitabilitas, intellectual capital berpengaruh positif terhadap profitabilitas, dan risiko kredit memoderasi pengaruh pinjaman dan intellectual capital terhadap profitabilitas. Kata Kunci: pinjaman, loan, intellectual capital, risiko kredit, profitabilitas bank.
Local Government Spending on Social Protection, Security Order, and Crime
Authors: Ramdayani Syofia Sofatunisa , Kharisma Bayu , Wibowo Kodrat
Published: January 2020

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the effect of government spending on social protection and security order sectors on crime using police data from 26 police stations in West Java during 2012-2016. The research method used is the fixed effect Pooled EGLS (Cross Section Weights). Also, to test the consistency of the main variables studied, this study features robust First Difference-Generalized Method Moment (FD-GMM) and System-Generalized Method Moment (SYS-GMM). The results showed that the combination of government spending in the security order and social protection sectors had a negative and significant effect on the total amount of crime. These results prove that the government's budget policy can create a positive contribution to reducing crime rates.Keywords: fixed effect, crime, government spending, social protection, security orderPengeluaran Pemerintah Sektor Perlindungan Sosial, Ketertiban Keamanan, dan KriminalitasAbstrak: Penelitian  ini bertujuan untuk melihat menganalisis pengeluaran pemerintah di sektor perlindungan sosial dan ketertiban keamanan terhadap kriminalitas dengan menggunakan data kepolisian dari 26 polres di Jawa Barat selama tahun 2012-2016. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah fixed effect Pooled EGLS (Cross Section Weights). Selain itu, untuk menguji konsistensi dari variabel utama yang diteliti, penelitian ini juga dilengkapi robust First Difference-Generalized Method Moment (FD-GMM) dan System- Generalized Method Moment (SYS-GMM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi pengeluaran pemerintah di sektor ketertiban keamanan dan perlindungan sosial berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap jumlah total kriminalitas. Hasil tersebut membuktikan bahwa kebijakan anggaran pemerintah mampu memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap penurunan angka kriminalitas. Kata Kunci: fixed effect, kriminalitas, pengeluaran pemerintah, perlindungan sosial, ketertiban keamanan
The Effect of Consumer-Based Brand Equity and Satisfaction on Loyalty: An Empirical Study
Authors: Pratama Muhammad Andreaginola , Siregar Rizki Pratama Saleh , Sihombing Sabrina Oktaria
Published: January 2020

Abstract: Economic growth in Indonesia encourages the growth of many industries. Specifically, the food and beverage industry has grown significantly in Indonesian economics.  Coffee shops with foreign or local brands are growing and competing for having customer loyalty. Many research has been conducted to examine customer loyalty in a particular coffee shop. However, little research has been focused on comparing both local and foreign brand names of the coffee shop. The comparative study is needed to understand whether foreign or local brand names matter in predicting both customer satisfaction and loyalty. This research uses a quantitative paradigm using descriptive research type. The object of research is Starbucks (foreign brand) and Djournal Coffee  (local brand). Data were collected through questionnaires distributed by applying judgemental sampling. Data analysis was conducted by using structural equation model (SEM). In this study, there are two unsupported hypotheses namely (1)  the relationship between the ideal self-congruence and customer satisfaction, and (2) the relationship between brand identification and customer satisfaction. The study also provides theoretical contributions, managerial implications and suggestions for further research. Keywords: brand equity, customer satisfaction, brand loyalty, SEMPengaruh Ekuitas Merek Berbasis Konsumen dan Kepuasan terhadap Loyalitas: Sebuah Studi Empiris Abstrak: Pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia mendorong pertumbuhan banyak industri. Secara khusus, industri makanan dan minuman telah tumbuh secara signifikan dalam ekonomi Indonesia. Kedai kopi dengan merek asing atau lokal tumbuh dan bersaing untuk memiliki loyalitas pelanggan. Banyak penelitian telah dilakukan untuk menguji loyalitas pelanggan di coffee shop tertentu. Namun, sedikit penelitian yang difokuskan untuk membandingkan nama merek lokal dan asing dari coffee shop. Studi perbandingan diperlukan untuk memahami apakah nama merek asing atau lokal penting dalam memprediksi kepuasan dan loyalitas pelanggan. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma kuantitatif dengan menggunakan tipe penelitian deskriptif. Objek penelitian adalah Starbucks (merek asing) dan Djournal Coffee (merek lokal). Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang didistribusikan dengan menggunakan judgemental sampling. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan pemodelan persamaan struktural (SEM). Dalam penelitian ini ada dua hipotesis yang tidak didukung yaitu (1) hubungan antara kongruensi diri yang ideal dan kepuasan pelanggan dan (2) hubungan antara identifikasi merek dan kepuasan pelanggan. Studi ini juga memberikan kontribusi teoritis, implikasi manajerial dan saran untuk penelitian lebih lanjut. Kata kunci: ekuitas merek, kepuasan konsumen, loyalitas merek, SEM
The collective rights of minorities in The Iraqi constitutions
Authors: Omer Shorsh Hassan , Rasheed Shanaz Ahmad
Published: January 2020

The rights of minorities are of little interest in the international community, especially their collective rights. Therefore, states are keen to include these rights in their constitutions to ensure that these rights are regulated under their provisions in their ordinary legislation.
The importance of regulating the collective rights of minorities in constitutions is that they ensure the preservation of the natural characteristics of minorities that are distinct from other population groups living with them in the state, and ensure the exercise of the rights that derive from them, from religious rights, linguistic rights and participation and interaction in Cultural and public life in the country. Although these rights are individual, they can only be exercised collectively.
Iraq has an enormous diversity in the presence of minorities of religious, linguistic and ethnic nationalities in its social fabric. Iraqi minorities are characterized by being minorities with simple or complex characteristics. Iraqi minorities are characterized by minorities with simple or complex characteristics. Because some of them have one characteristic that differs from the rest of the population such as the black-skinned minority, while there are minorities that differ from others more than the characteristics such as Christian minorities of the Assyrians, they combine nationalism with religion.
The Iraqi constitutions stand different positions on the collective rights of minorities. In the monarchy, the Iraqi Basic Law of 1925 stipulated the majority of these rights, whether explicit or implicit whereas the Constitutions of the Republican era prior to 2003, the reference to these rights included only a general and implicit reference.
Whereas, after 2003, the Transitional Administrative Law of 2004 and the Iraqi Constitution of 2005 ensured all the collective rights of minorities, but sometimes they were expressed in vague and vague terms, or restricted to certain minorities.
As a result, this right is violated and violated by the discretionary power of the House of Representatives, which need to be amended in such a way as to guarantee these rights in a more specific and comprehensive manner.
A Model of Intervention and Implementation of Quality Building and Quality Control in Childcare Centers to Strengthen the Mental Health and Development of 1-3–Year Olds: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial of Thrive by Three (Preprint)
Authors: Lekhal Ratib , Drugli May Britt , Berg-Nielsen Turid Suzanne , Buøen Elisabet Solheim
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND

Universal, high-quality childcare offers a unique opportunity to prevent developmental trajectories leading to mental health problems. Yet, growing evidence has shown that the process quality of Norwegian childcare centers varies considerably, and that research-based models for quality building are significantly lacking.

OBJECTIVE

To examine whether a model for quality building in childcare centers, Thrive by Three, increases the quality of child–caregiver interactions, and promotes child development, well-being, and mental health.

METHODS

The Thrive by Three study is a clustered randomized controlled trial involving 187 toddler groups in childcare centers across 7 municipalities within southern and central Norway. Each center is randomly allocated to the intervention or wait-list control group. Data are collected at 4 points: preintervention (T1), midway (T2), postintervention (T3), and 1-year postintervention (T4). Primary outcomes are changes in childcare quality measured by the Classroom Assessment Scoring System toddler version (CLASS), Student–Teacher Relationship Scale, Short Form (STRS-SF), and Life in Early Childhood Programs (LECP), as well as child development and mental health measured by The Brief Infant Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA, parent and teacher report), the Caregiver–Teacher Report Form (C-TRF), and Child Behavior Checklist (parent report) from the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) from 1.5 to 5 years, and child well-being measured by the Leiden Inventory for Child’s Well-Being in Day Care (LICW-D). Secondary outcomes are child cortisol levels, assessed in a subsample of 372 children.

RESULTS

As of August 2020, a total of 1531 children and 769 staff from 187 toddler groups were recruited. Because of turnover, the recruitment of staff will be ongoing until August 2020. As of January 2020, the intervention group has been working with Thrive by Three for 1.5 years. Data at T1, T2, and T3 from both the intervention and control groups have been completed and T4 will be completed in August 2020.

CONCLUSIONS

This study makes an important contribution to the field of quality building in childcare centers. The results will provide greater insight into how high quality can be obtained and the effects of high-quality early childcare on child mental health. This in turn will be significant for policymakers and to the Norwegian society at large.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03879733; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03879733 and Norwegian Research Council 260624/H10; https://prosjektbanken.forskningsradet.no/#/project/NFR/260624/Sprak=en

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/17726
Digital Phenotyping Self-Monitoring Behaviors for Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Observational Study Using Latent Class Growth Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Yang Qing , Hatch Daniel , Crowley Matthew J , Lewinski Allison A , Vaughn Jacqueline , Steinberg Dori , Vorderstrasse Allison , Jiang Meilin , Shaw Ryan J
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND

Sustained self-monitoring and self-management behaviors are crucial to maintain optimal health for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). As smartphones and mobile health (mHealth) devices become widely available, self-monitoring using mHealth devices is an appealing strategy in support of successful self-management of T2DM. However, research indicates that engagement with mHealth devices decreases over time. Thus, it is important to understand engagement trajectories to provide varying levels of support that can improve self-monitoring and self-management behaviors.

OBJECTIVE

The aims of this study were to develop (1) digital phenotypes of the self-monitoring behaviors of patients with T2DM based on their engagement trajectory of using multiple mHealth devices, and (2) assess the association of individual digital phenotypes of self-monitoring behaviors with baseline demographic and clinical characteristics.

METHODS

This longitudinal observational feasibility study included 60 participants with T2DM who were instructed to monitor their weight, blood glucose, and physical activity using a wireless weight scale, phone-tethered glucometer, and accelerometer, respectively, over 6 months. We used latent class growth analysis (LCGA) with multitrajectory modeling to associate the digital phenotypes of participants’ self-monitoring behaviors based on their engagement trajectories with multiple mHealth devices. Associations between individual characteristics and digital phenotypes on participants’ self-monitoring behavior were assessed by analysis of variance or the Chi square test.

RESULTS

The engagement with accelerometers to monitor daily physical activities was consistently high for all participants over time. Three distinct digital phenotypes were identified based on participants’ engagement with the wireless weight scale and glucometer: (1) low and waning engagement group (24/60, 40%), (2) medium engagement group (20/60, 33%), and (3) consistently high engagement group (16/60, 27%). Participants that were younger, female, nonwhite, had a low income, and with a higher baseline hemoglobin A1c level were more likely to be in the low and waning engagement group.

CONCLUSIONS

We demonstrated how to digitally phenotype individuals’ self-monitoring behavior based on their engagement trajectory with multiple mHealth devices. Distinct self-monitoring behavior groups were identified. Individual demographic and clinical characteristics were associated with different self-monitoring behavior groups. Future research should identify methods to provide tailored support for people with T2DM to help them better monitor and manage their condition.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.2196/13517
Using Internet of Things to Reduce Office Workers’ Sedentary Behavior: Intervention Development Applying the Behavior Change Wheel and Human-Centered Design Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Huang Yitong , Benford Steve , Price Dominic , Patel Roma , Li Benqian , Ivanov Alex , Blake Holly
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND

Sedentary behavior (SB) is associated with various adverse health outcomes. The prevalence of prolonged sitting at work among office workers makes a case for SB interventions to target this setting and population. Everyday mundane objects with embedded microelectronics and ubiquitous computing represent a novel mode of delivering health behavior change interventions enabled by internet of things (IoTs). However, little is known about how to develop interventions involving IoT technologies.

OBJECTIVE

This paper reports the design and development of an IoT-enabled SB intervention targeting office workers.

METHODS

The process was guided by the behavior change wheel (BCW), a systematic framework for theory-informed and evidence-based development of behavior change interventions, complemented by the human-centered design (HCD) approach. Intervention design was shaped by findings from a diary-probed interview study (n=20), a stakeholder design workshop (n=8), and a series of theoretical mapping and collaborative technical design activities.

RESULTS

The resulting intervention named WorkMyWay targets a reduction in office workers’ prolonged stationary behaviors at work and an increase in regular breaks by modifying behavioral determinants in 11 theoretical domains with 17 behavior change techniques. The delivery technology consists of a wearable activity tracker, a light-emitting diode reminder device attached to a vessel (ie, water bottle or cup), and a companion Android app connected to both devices over Bluetooth. The delivery plan consists of a 2-week baseline assessment, a 30-min face-to-face action planning session, and 6-week self-directed use of the delivery technology.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first study to demonstrate that it is possible to develop a complex IoT-enabled intervention by applying a combination of the BCW and HCD approaches. The next step is to assess the feasibility of WorkMyWay prior to testing intervention efficacy in a full-scale trial. The intervention mapping table that links individual intervention components with hypothesized mechanisms of action can serve as the basis for testing and clarifying theory-based mechanisms of action in future studies on WorkMyWay.
MODERNIZATION OF FISHERY AND CONFLICT AMONG FISHERMEN IN BENGKALIS DISTRICT OF RIAU PROVINCE
Authors: Yasir Yasir , Nurjanah Nurjanah , Salam Noor Efni
Published: January 2020

Modernization fishery tools facilitated by government support is assumed to help improving fishermen incomes. However, on reality the introduction of the more advanced tools has also posed challenges to the traditional fishermen. Modernization of fishery technology can also caused conflict between fishermen. This found evidence in the conflict between longline (rawai) fishers and trawl fishers in Bengkalis District-Riau has occurred for more than 30 years. The modernization of fishing gear by government is one of the triggers of the conflict. This research aims to uncover the root causes of conflict and understand communication management to overcome the conflict between traditional and modern fishers. This research used the qualitative and explorative method. The results show that the conflict among fishers in the coastal area of Bengkalis occurs due to the use of trawl and the territorial dispute in fishing. The causes of conflict between fishers are related to lack of rule understanding, economic inequality, and differences in value and culture. Government delivery of the aid that is not sensitive to the need fo traditional fishermen play role in the conflict. This is due to the problem communication management. The resolution of the conflicts at the Fishers community level is possible if the government is able to build the atmosphere through appropriate policies, programs and communication ways for the Fishers community.
GREGET BARU DESAIN PEMAHAMAN KORUPSI
Authors: Putranto Hendar
Published: January 2020

Penangkapan pucuk pimpinan sejumlah lembaga tinggi negara seperti Ketua Mahkamah Konstitusi, Ketua DPR, Ketua DPD, ketua BPK, juga beberapa ketua partai politik, puluhan hakim dan aparat pengadilan (non-hakim), ratusan anggota DPR dan kepala daerah, puluhan menteri dan pejabat eksekutif di bawah menteri, ratusan anggota DPRD kota/kabupaten, juga ratusan orang dari pihak swasta selama periode 2004-2018 menegaskan situasi darurat korupsi di Indonesia pasca-reformasi. Menguatnya kelembagaan KPK, membaiknya Indeks Persepsi Korupsi Indonesia selama 20 tahun terakhir ini (Transparency International, 2018), berkembangnya inisiatif masyarakat sipil seperti Gerakan “Saya Perempuan Anti Korupsi” (SPAK) untuk mencegah korupsi (Gabrillin, 2019), serta  meningkatnya kesadaran anti-korupsi di tingkat sekolah menengah dan pendidikan tinggi (ACCH, 2011; Bernie, 2019; Zain, 2019), ternyata tidak serta-merta mendorong terbentuknya ‘perilaku anti-korupsi’ yang konsisten dari para pejabat publik negeri ini. Pertanyaannya, mengapa korupsi masih saja terus terjadi juga meskipun KPK sudah melakukan tindak pencegahan dan pemberantasan korupsi secara terstruktur, sistematis dan massif sejak berdirinya?
COVER, DAFTAR ISI, EDITORIAL, AND INDEKS
Authors: Ahnaf Mohammad Iqbal
Published: January 2020

Sejumlah kajian belakangan menunjukkan meningkatnya kesadaran tentang pentingnya membangun koneksi antara ilmu-ilmu sosial humaniora dengan bidang-bidang kajian yang bersifat teknis. Tren ini tampak semakin jelas dalam bidang kajian tentang keberlangsungan (sustainability). Misalnya kajian tentang pengalolaan sumberdaya air dan sungai kini tidak hanya dilihat sebagai masalah teknis seperti tentang struktur tanah, pengukuran curah hujan, kualitas air dan seterusnya, tetapi dilihat juga sebagai masalah sosial karena terkait dengan kultur dan karakter demografis masyarakat yang berpengaruh terhadap kondisi air.
The Effect of Online Formative Self-Assessment on Academic Performance of Chiropractic Students
Authors: Choi Munyeong , Murdock Mark E.
Published: January 2020

The main objectives of this study are: 1. Evaluate the degree of utilization of online, formative self-assessment (OFSA); 2. To evaluate the effect of OFSA on summative final exam (SFE) scores. The design of the study involved students having the opportunity to take a total of eight weekly OFSA quizzes voluntarily, outside of class time and throughout the academic term. Demographic, utilization and SFE scores were collected and analyzed. The results included: 1. high participation rate with 93% (N = 173) of the total number of students having taken at least one or more quizzes and 53% (N = 98) of students took at least four or more OFSA quizzes. 2. There was a 0.72 (p=.008; CI: .196 to 1.253) increase of SFE scores per quiz taken as per linear regression. The correlation was mildly, positive (r = .194, p < .01). In post hoc analysis, the mean SFE score of the frequent (4 or more quizzes) OFSA takers was 3.52 higher than that of the infrequent (3 or fewer quizzes) takers (p < .01). Based on the results, OFSA may offer a complementary learning tool for students in a Chiropractic program.
EFFECTS OF CINNAMOMUM ZEYLANICUM BARK EXTRACT ON NOCICEPTION AND ANXIETY LIKE BEHAVIOR IN MICE
Authors: SEEMA JAIN  , SPARSH GUPTA
Published: January 2020

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of the extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (CZ) bark in the experimental models of pain and anxiety-like behavior in mice.

Methods: The extract of CZ bark was administered at the doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, per orally (p.o) and morphine used as a positive control for pain models, was administered at the dose of 5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.). Antinociceptive activity was evaluated using three experimental animal models of pain, namely, tail flick, hot plate, and formalin test. Elevated plus maze test was used to assess the effect on anxiety-like behavior. Rotarod apparatus and actophotometer were used to test muscle coordination and locomotor activity, respectively.

Results: Administration of CZ bark extract in the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg showed significantly increased in the tail-flick latency and latency to reaction time in hot plate test as compared to the control group. In the first phase (0–5 min) of the formalin test, a significant reduction in the pain response was found in CZ (200 and 400 mg/kg) and morphine-treated groups, however during the second phase (30–35 min) significant reduction in formalin-induced pain response was observed in 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg CZ extract-treated group when compared to control group. CZ extract administration at 200 and 400 mg/kg dose caused a significant increase in the percentage of time spent in open arms in the elevated plus maze as compared to the control group.

Conclusion: Results suggest that CZ bark extract possesses the antinociceptive activity and modulates anxiety-like behavior.
ROLE OF VITAMIN C AND VITAMIN E ON HYPERTENSION
Authors: SANTHOSHAKUMARI TMJ  , MATHIVANAN J  , JEYALAKSHMI J
Published: January 2020

Objective: Both Vitamin C and Vitamin E supplementation were associated with reduction in blood pressure (BP) in observational studies, although, results of clinical trials are inconsistent. The objective of our study is to conduct a clinical trial to observe the effects of oral supplementation of Vitamin C and Vitamin E on BP.

Methods: About 60 non-teaching staffs of our college with systolic BP more than 130 mmHg and diastolic BP more than 90 mmHg were taken as subjects and divided into two groups. Initial BP and BP after oral Vitamin C, 500 mg/day for a period of 12weeks to Group 1 and initial BP and BP after oral Vitamin E, 200 IU/day, for a period of 12 weeks to Group 2 were recorded.

Results: Statistical analysis was done by paired t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and least significant difference (LSD) tests. *p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Systolic 2 and diastolic 2 – after 3 months of supplementation showed 0.161 and 0.161 which is not significant. ANOVA and LSD tests show no significant results.

Conclusion: Long-term trials on the effects of Vitamin C and Vitamin E supplementation on BP and clinical events are needed.
STABILITY-INDICATING METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ITRACONAZOLE AND TERBINAFINE HCL IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL TABLET DOSAGE FORM
Authors: DEVYANI M RODE  , Dr. NUTAN RAO
Published: January 2020

Objective: The objective of the present work was to develop and validate the stability-indicating method for the simultaneous estimation of itraconazole and terbinafine HCl in bulk and pharmaceutical tablet dosage form by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This combination of drugs is not reported for simultaneous HPLC analysis as of now.

Methods: The analysis of the developed method was carried on Shimadzu LC Prominence-i 2030 model with Lab Solution software and the separation was done on Shim-pack C18 GIST (250 mm×50 mm, 5 μm) column with a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min and run time of 12 min. The injection volume was 10 μl and mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1% triethylamine in the ratio of 90:10 and 225 nm was used as a detection wavelength.

Results: The retention time was found to be 3.464 min and 8.705 min for itraconazole and terbinafine HCl, respectively. The calibration curve was found to be linear and r2 values were 0.9989 and 0.9995 for itraconazole and terbinafine HCl, respectively.

Conclusion: The stability-indicating method was developed by subjecting itraconazole and terbinafine HCl marketed formulation to various stress conditions such as acidic, basic, oxidative, thermal, and water hydrolysis degradation conditions and the degraded product peaks were well resolved from sample peaks.
MEDICINAL USES, BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF WILD GRAPE (LANNEA EDULIS): AN INDIGENOUS FRUIT PLANT OF TROPICAL AFRICA
Authors: ALFRED MAROYI
Published: January 2020

Lannea edulis is a fruit plant widely used as herbal medicine throughout its distributional range in tropical Africa. This study was aimed at providing a critical review of the biological activities, phytochemistry, and medicinal uses of L. edulis. Documented information on the botany, biological activities, medicinal uses, and phytochemistry of L. edulis was collected from several online sources which included BMC, Scopus, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Elsevier, PubMed, and Web of Science. Additional information on the botany, biological activities, phytochemistry, and medicinal uses of L. edulis was gathered from pre-electronic sources such as book chapters, books, journal articles, and scientific publications sourced from the University library. This study showed that the bark, leaves, rootbark, and roots of L. edulis are used as antiabortifacient and herbal medicine to dilate birth canal, dizziness, sore eyes, sexually transmitted diseases, amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea, malaria, bilharzia, and gastrointestinal problems. Ethnopharmacological research revealed that L. edulis extracts and compounds have anthelmintic, anti-human immunodeficiency virus, antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity activities. Future studies should focus on conducting detailed phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological evaluations of L. edulis crude extracts as well as compounds isolated from the species.
DEVELOPMENT AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF PHYTOSOMES OF NARINGIN
Authors: JEEVANA JYOTHI B  , MARY RAGALATHA P
Published: January 2020

Objective: Phytosomes are novel herbal formulations meant for design of poorly soluble flavonoids of therapeutic potential. Naringin is a flavanone with poor oral absorption and bioavailability but possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, anti-ulcer, antiosteoporotic, and anticarcinogenic effects. Hence, the objective of the present work is the development of phytosomes of naringin to enhance its dissolution so that its therapeutic effects can be exploited.

Materials and Methods: Phytosomes containing 350 mg of naringin were prepared by antisolvent precipitation method and rotary evaporation method using soya lecithin as main polymer. The prepared phytosomes were evaluated by entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release studies, and drug-excipient interaction studies.

Results: Phytosomes made by rotary evaporation method evidenced higher dissolution values than phytosomes made by antisolvent precipitation. Formulation F7 containing 350 mg of naringin and 1400 mg of soya lecithin revealed the highest percentage release of 84.5±0.39% in 60 min and 99.7±0.24% in 120 min. The percentage of drug entrapment efficiency values was satisfactory. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectra of pure naringin and naringin phytosomes revealed no interaction between the drug and polymers used for preparation.

Conclusion: Naringin phytosomes are produced successfully by the rotary evaporation method. Phytosomes made with 350 mg of naringin and 1400 mg of soya lecithin by rotary evaporation method are spherical with a rough outer surface and optimum release characteristics of 84.5±0.39 in 60 min to possess optimum bioavailability and 99.7% in 120 min.
El desarrollo de las inmunidades de las organizaciones internacionales a través de las contestaciones nacionales
Authors: Steinbrück Platise Mateja
Published: January 2020

El goce de las inmunidades jurisdiccionales de las organizaciones internacionales se basa, sobre todo, en su necesidad funcional. Los tribunales nacionales enfrentan un dilema. Pueden respetar dicha inmunidad o garantizar el acceso a un recurso jurídico a las personas afectadas por un hecho ilícito cometido por una organización.
Condanna ed esecuzione di gesù: testimonianze e prove
Authors: Gilardi Piero Mario
Published: January 2020

El propósito de este artículo es hacer una revisión sobre los últimos días de Jesús de Nazaret, ofreciendo un panorama general del mundo en que nació, vivió y murió, pero también analizando los personajes que participaron en su juicio, el proceso que enfrentó, su condena y los efectos que ésta tuvo. Se considera también en este estudio, el papel que ha tenido el Sudario de Turín como testimonio documental para confirmar la credibilidad de los evangelistas al describir el proceso de crucifixión y la muerte de Jesús.
Impact of employee and member empowerment on commitment in Korean sports organizations: A meta-analysis
Authors: Bae Jung-Sup , Nam Sang-Back , Lee Kwang-Yong
Published: January 2020

Our purpose in this study was to investigate the effect of empowerment on athletes, members, and employees' organizational commitment in Korean sports organizations through a meta-analysis. We selected 21 studies in which empowerment and organizational commitment had been investigated
in the context of Korean sports organizations and performed a comprehensive meta-analysis. Results showed that the effect size of empowerment on commitment in sports organization was high. We identified meaningfulness, competence, impact, and selfdetermination as subfactors of empowerment.
Employee commitment was derived from affective, normative, continuance, cognitive, and behavioral commitment types. Results showed that empowerment significantly affected commitment to the sports organization. Consequently, the findings provide a useful rationale for Korean sports organizations
to apply empowerment and organizational commitment to enhance their organizational performance.
Effects of supervisor's developmental feedback on employee loyalty: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Guo Yun , Xiong Guobao , Zhang Zeyu , Tao Jianrong , Deng Chuanjun
Published: January 2020

We utilized social exchange theory to examine the effects that supervisor developmental feedback has on employee loyalty toward the supervisor. The 337 participants for our study were recruited from a large manufacturing enterprise in Hunan, China. Using hierarchical linear regression
analysis, we found that supervisor developmental feedback was positively related to both trust in, and employee loyalty toward, the supervisor. Trust was not only positively associated with employee loyalty toward the supervisor but also partially mediated the relationship between supervisor
developmental feedback and employee loyalty toward the supervisor. Further, interactional justice moderated the positive relationship between supervisor developmental feedback and employee trust of the supervisor, such that the strength of this relationship was enhanced as interactional justice
increased. Managerial implications and directions for further research are discussed.
Formation of university scholars’ entrepreneurial intentions: Interaction between perceived desirability and perceived feasibility
Authors: Li Wen , Zhang Yurong
Published: January 2020

Drawing on the entrepreneurial event model, we examined the role of perceived desirability and perceived feasibility and their interaction in university scholars' entrepreneurial intentions, with data from 252 Chinese academic entrepreneurs. Results showed that perceived feasibility
only had a significant effect on scholars' entrepreneurial intentions formation. Further, the moderating effect of external environmental support brought about an interactive mechanism between perceived desirability and perceived feasibility: When perceived desirability was low, perceived
feasibility played a more significant role in entrepreneurial intentions formation, and vice versa. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed.
Technical rationing of the construction technology of reinforced concrete floor slabs using non-removable void formers
Authors: Topchiy Dmitry V. , Bolotova Alina S. , Vorobev Aleksey S. , Atamanenko Alevtina V.
Published: January 2020

Technically sound standards of time and production standards are designed to improve production efficiency, technical and economic indicators of construction enterprises, timely commissioning of buildings and structures being erected, as well as ensuring the proper organization of workers' wages. Labor standards are used in determining the need for construction machinery and equipment, the required number of workers, and also serve as the basis for the development of network and calendar schedules that are part of the project of construction organization (PCO) and the project of construction production (PCP). Standards of time and standards for the production of most of the construction work are contained in the collections of common norms and rates and state elemental estimated norms. However, in the conditions of continuous development and introduction of new production technologies, there is a need to update and refine the existing technical regulation database. Standards of time, corresponding to the modern level of technical development and reflecting the advanced experience of workers, allow to make the right choice when analyzing the most economical ways of producing work. Definition and removal of production standards is to determine the weighted average number of working hours to perform a particular technological operation, while taking into account the conditions of production of this workflow, the numerical and qualification composition of workers.
Determination of the rational constructive form of cellular communication towers
Authors: Golikov Alexander V. , Mikhalchonok Elena A.
Published: January 2020

The need for reliable supports for locating and maintaining the equipment of cellular opera-tors is increasing every year. The classic version of the supports are lattice towers. At present, optimization of the parameters of lattice towers, which is one of the ways to improve the efficiency of their design and construction, is of great importance. The purpose of the work is chosen definition of a rational constructive form of lattice cellular communication towers. In the work, the calculation and analysis of the tower supports of a prismatic and pyramidal form are made with varying basic geometric parameters of the structure and the ratio of parameters between them. To create basic dependencies, numerical modeling methods are used. According to the results of a critical analysis of the literature on the calculation of lattice supports of high-rise buildings, the absence of recommended optimal values of the geometric parameters of structures and the relationship between them was established. The stress-strain state of the design models of lattice towers of a prismatic and pyramidal shape was assessed with variation of the main overall geometric parameters of the structures. To achieve the goal of finding a rational structural form of lattice supports, two rationalization criteria have been tested and applied - the simultaneous fulfillment of the requirements of both limiting states and minimization of the mass of the structure. The results of the study of lattice tower supports are presented in dimensionless parameters, which can be applied by the engineer when assigning the overall dimensions of the structure at the initial design stage.
Profilaxis y educación en migraña y cefalea tensional: una percepción de la eficacia de las prácticas de los médicos de atención primaria
Authors: Restrepo Escobar Jorge Alberto , Severiche Bueno Diego , Vergara Hernán , Coral Paola , Romero Diana , Edel Tammy , Castañeda Catalina
Published: January 2020

INTRODUCCIÓN:
La migraña y la cefalea tipo tensional son los dolores de cabeza primarios más frecuentes en la consulta médica; la mejoría clínica de los pacientes se relaciona con la educación brindada y la prescripción de tratamientos profilácticos por parte de sus médicos tratantes.

OBJETIVO:
Determinar la frecuencia de prescripción del tratamiento profiláctico y de la realización de explicaciones educativas al paciente con cefalea primaria por parte de los médicos de atención primaria, además de los factores asociados a ellas.

MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS:
Estudio de corte transversal con 152 pacientes con criterios para migraña o cefalea tensional de la ICHD y con indicación para tratamiento profiláctico según las guías canadienses, que fueron atendidos por médicos de atención primaria. Se aplicó un cuestionario para establecer el tipo de prácticas realizadas por los profesionales y se realizó un análisis univariado y bivariado.

RESULTADOS:
Solo al 23 % de los pacientes le formularon tratamiento profiláctico, el 56 % nunca recibió explicación educativa sobre su enfermedad y el 70 °% nunca había sido remitido a consulta de neurología. El 44 °% respondió no saber sobre el origen de la cefalea y se encontró una asociación significativa entre el nivel educativo del paciente y el hecho que le ofrecieran explicación educativa.

CONCLUSION:
La frecuencia en la formulación de profilaxis farmacológica y realización de explicaciones educativas al paciente por parte del médico de atención primaria fue baja. Esto puede relacionarse con un desconocimiento de los protocolos de manejo en cefalea primaria y fallas en las habilidades clínicas recibidas en el pregrado.