bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long noncoding RNA HOXD‐AS2 regulates cell cycle to promote glioma progression
Authors: Qi Yingjiao , Wang Zhixing , Wu Fan , Yin Bin , Jiang Tao , Qiang Boqin , Yuan Jiangang , Han Wei , Peng Xiaozhong
Published: November 2018

Now, numerous exciting findings have been found that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a vital role in cancer malignant progression. However, their potential involvement in glioma is not well understood. Here, we performed a high‐throughput microarray to detect the lncRNA expression profiles between glioma cell lines and normal astrocyte cell lines. HOXD‐AS2 was increased in glioma cells and it was associated with glioma grade and poor prognosis. Loss of HOXD‐AS2 can inhibit glioma cell growth by inducing cell‐cycle G1 arrest in vitro. The proliferation of glioma was inhibited followed by knocking down the expression of HOXD‐AS2 not only in subcutaneous injection model but also in orthotopic implantation model. These findings indicate that HOXD‐AS2 promotes the glioma progression and may serve as a potential target for glioma diagnosis and therapy.
Retracted: microRNA‐145 regulates tumor suppressor candidate 3 and mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway to inhibit the progression of colorectal cancer
Authors: Tang Hanqing , Li Keming , Zheng Jianyu , Dou Xibin , Zhao Yufeng , Wang Luyao
Published: November 2018

Background

It has been reported that microRNA‐145 (miR‐145) is downregulated in various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the role of miR‐145 in progress of CRC and its mechanism remains unclear.

Methods

The expressions of miR‐145 and tumor suppressor candidate 3 (TUSC3) were determined in CRC tissues and cells by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. The effects of miR‐145 and TUSC3 on cell viability, migration, and invasion of CRC cells were examined by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐trtrazolium bromide assay and trans‐well chamber experiment, respectively. The interaction between miR‐145 and TUSC3 was explored by bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assay, and Western blot analysis. The abundances of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway‐related proteins were measured by Western blot analysis.

Results

miR‐145 expression was downregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines, and TUSC3 was upregulated in CRC tissues and correlated inversely with miR‐145 abundance. Overexpression of miR‐145 and knockdown of TUSC3 suppressed cell viability, migration, and invasion in LS174T and HCT116 cells. Moreover, TUSC3 was indicated as a novel target of miR‐145 and its expression was negatively regulated by miR‐145. Restoration of TUSC3 can partially reverse the inhibitory effects of miR‐145 on phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases 1 and 2 in CRC cells.

Conclusion

miR‐145 can inhibit the viability, migration, and invasion through addressing MAPK signaling pathway by targeting TUSC3 in CRC cells, providing a novel biomarker for treatment of CRC.
A novel role and mechanism of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in bisphenol A‐induced prostate cancer
Authors: Zhu Xiaonian , Gao Li , Yan Chengmei , He Yonghua
Published: November 2018

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well known environmental endocrine disruptor that may cause human prostate cancer through disturbing cell mitosis, proliferation, and apoptosis. As one of the most important anion channels in organisms, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is proposed as a tumor suppressor in carcinogenesis and development of prostate cancer in recent studies. Whether CFTR plays a role in BPA‐induced prostate cancer needs to be further identified. In this study, two prostate cancer cell lines PC‐3 and LNCaP were exposed to BPA for detecting the cytotoxic reactions by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. After the treatment with BPA for 24 hours, the cell viability was decreased significantly with increased cell apoptosis in the two cell lines. Moreover, both PC‐3 and LNCaP cells had a reduced expression level of cAMP, CFTR, and adenosine triphosphate upon BPA treatment. In addition, AMPKα kinase was found upregulated to promote cell apoptosis through increasing Bax expression and decreasing Bcl‐2 expression. Our study suggests a role and mechanism of CFTR in BPA‐induced prostate cancer via cell apoptosis for the first time.
Sulfated hyaluronic acid and dexamethasone possess a synergistic potential in the differentiation of osteoblasts from human bone marrow stromal cells
Authors: Schmidt Johannes R. , Vogel Sarah , Moeller Stephanie , Kalkhof Stefan , Schubert Kristin , von Bergen Martin , Hempel Ute
Published: November 2018

The development of novel bioactive biomaterials is urgently needed to meet the needs of an aging population. Both sulfated hyaluronic acid and dexamethasone are candidates for the functionalization of bone grafts, as they have been shown to enhance the differentiation of osteoblasts from bone marrow stromal cells in vitro and in vivo. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Furthermore, studies combining different approaches to assess synergistic potentials are rare. In this study, we aim to gain insights into the mode of action of both sulfated hyaluronic acid and dexamethasone by a comprehensive analysis of the cellular fraction, released matrix vesicles, and the extracellular matrix, combining classical biochemical assays with mass spectrometry–based proteomics, supported by novel bioinformatical computations. We found elevated differentiation levels for both treatments, which were further enhanced by a combination of sulfated hyaluronic acid and dexamethasone. Single treatments revealed specific effects on osteogenic differentiation. Dexamethasone activates signalling pathways involved in the differentiation of osteoblasts, for example, CXC‐motif chemokine receptor type 4 and mitogen‐activated protein kinases. The effects of sulfated hyaluronic acid were predominantly linked to an alteration in the composition of the extracellular matrix, affecting the synthesis, secretion, and/or activity of fibrillary (fibronectin and thrombospondin‐2) and nonfibrillary (transglutaminase‐2, periostin, and lysyloxidase) extracellular matrix components, including proteases and their inhibitors (matrix metalloproteinase‐2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐3). The effects were treatment specific, and less additive or contrary effects were found. Thus, we anticipate that the synergistic action of the treatment‐specific effects is the key driver in elevated osteogenesis.
BMP2/7 heterodimer enhances osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs via ERK signaling compared with respective homodimers
Authors: Miao Chunlei , Qin Dengke , Cao Peigang , Lu Ping , Xia Yutong , Li Mengjiao , Sun Miao , Zhang Wei , Yang Fanghong , Zhang Yingjie , Tang Shengjian , Liu Tianyi , Liu Fangjun
Published: November 2018

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)2/7 heterodimer shows greater efficacy in enhancing bone regeneration. However, the precise mechanism and the role of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling network in BMP2/7‐driven osteogenesis remain ambiguous. In this study, we evaluated the effects of BMP2/7 heterodimers on osteoblastic differentiation in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), with the aim to elaborate how MAPKs might be involved in this cellular process by treatment of rat BMSCs with BMP2/‐7 with a special signal‐pathway inhibitor. We found that BMP2/7 heterodimer induced a much stronger osteogenic response in rat BMSCs compared with either homodimer. Most interestingly, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) demonstrated a highly sustained phosphorylation and activation in the BMP2/7 heterodimer treatment groups, and inhibition of ERK cascades using U0126 special inhibitor that significantly reduced the activity of ALP and calcium mineralization to a substantial degree in rat BMSCs treated with BMP2/7 heterodimers. Collectively, we demonstrate that BMP2/7 heterodimer shows a potent ability to stimulate osteogenesis in rat BMSCs. The activated ERK signaling pathway involved in this process may contribute partially to an increased osteogenic potency of heterodimeric BMP2/7 growth factors.
Parathyroidectomy decreases serum intact parathyroid hormone and calcium levels and prolongs overall survival in elderly hemodialysis patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Wan Jinnan , Li Wenhuan , Zhong Yuan
Published: November 2018

Background

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of parathyroidectomy (PTX) treatment on prolonging overall survival (OS) as well as decreasing levels of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) in elderly hemodialysis patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT).

Methods

A total of 304 elderly hemodialysis patients with severe SHPT were consecutively enrolled in this cohort study. According to whether PTX operations were applied, patients were classified into PTX group (N = 112) and Control group (N = 192) and were followed up for 3 years. Mortality rate and OS were evaluated, and iPTH, Ca, and P levels were recorded.

Results

Compared to control group, increased iPTH (P < 0.001), higher Ca (P = 0.003), elevated AST (P = 0.022), and lower Hb (P = 0.049) concentrations were observed in the PTX group at baseline. The 1‐year mortality (P < 0.001), 2‐year mortality (P < 0.001), and 3‐year mortality (P < 0.001) was reduced in PTX group compared to Control group, and PTX was correlated with prolonged OS (P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox's regression analysis further revealed that PTX treatment (P < 0.001, HR = 0.177) was an independent factor for better OS. Moreover, patients in PTX group had decreased iPTH (P < 0.05) and Ca (P < 0.05) levels compared to Control group at M1‐M36, while no difference was found in serum P level between the two groups at M1‐M36.

Conclusion

Parathyroidectomy decreases iPTH and Ca levels, and it associates with favorable survival in elderly hemodialysis patients with severe SHPT.
Efficacy of different hemodialysis methods on dendritic cell marker CD40 and CD80 and platelet activation marker CD62P and P10 in patients with chronic renal failure
Authors: Wang Xin‐Fang , Zhang Bei‐Hao , Lu Xiao‐Qing , Wang Pei
Published: November 2018

Background

Chronic renal failure (CRF) has become a major public health concern, which increases the risk of stroke and systemic thromboembolism. Therefore, therapeutic strategies are in urgent requirement. This study was conducted for investigating efficacy of hemodialysis (HD), hemodiafiltration (HDF), and hemoperfusion (HP) in patients with CRF and the correlation with the presence of complications following HD therapy.

Methods

The therapeutic effect, living quality, biochemical indicators, and dry weight were detected before and after the treatment regimens. Flow cytometry was conducted to detect expressions of dendritic cell markers (CD40 and CD80) and platelet activation markers (CD62P and P10), and the relationship between their expression and therapeutic effect as well as the association of these expressions with complications was analyzed.

Results

After HD therapy, patients presented with decreased serum creatinine, serum phosphorus, triglyceride, parathyroid hormone, and β2‐MG expression; increased hemoglobin, plasma albumin expressions, and dry weight; and enhanced therapeutic effect and living quality. CD62P and P10 expressions decreased, while CD40 and CD80 expressions increased following HD therapy. The therapeutic effect improved in patients with low expressions of CD40 and CD80 and high expressions of CD62P and P10 following HP treatment and complications were lower after treatment of HDF and HP.

Conclusion

The aforementioned results indicated that CRF patients treated with HP exhibited higher expression of CD40 and CD80 and lower expression of CD62P and P10, suggesting that HP is conferred to have better efficacy than HDF and HD. Therefore, HP may be a promising clinical regimen for treatment of CRF patients.
Fusobacterium nucleatum and colorectal cancer: A mechanistic overview
Authors: Hashemi Goradel Nasser , Heidarzadeh Siamak , Jahangiri Samira , Farhood Bagher , Mortezaee Keywan , Khanlarkhani Neda , Negahdari Babak
Published: November 2018

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer in the world. There are many risk factors involved in CRC. According to recent findings, the tumor microenvironment and feces samples of patients with CRC are enriched by Fusobacterium nucleatum. Thus,
F. nucleatum is proposed as one of the risk factors in the initiation and progression of CRC. The most important mechanisms of
Fusobacterium nucleatum involved in CRC carcinogenesis are immune modulation (such as increasing myeloid‐derived suppressor cells and inhibitory receptors of natural killer cells), virulence factors (such as FadA and Fap2), microRNAs (such as miR‐21), and bacteria metabolism. The aim of this review was to evaluate the mechanisms underlying the action of
F. nucleatum in CRC.
The novel relationship between Sirt3 and autophagy in myocardial ischemia–reperfusion
Authors: Zheng Yitian , Shi Binhao , Ma Mengqing , Wu Xiaoqin , Lin Xianhe
Published: November 2018

Class III histone deacetylases (HDACs) belong to the proteasome family, comprising seven family members identified in mammalian cells, identified Sirt1–Sirt7. As an important member of HDACs, Sirt3 is hotly debated for its multiple functions. It was reported that Sirt3 got involved in the alleviation of multiple diseases, including myocardial infarction, neuron ischemia, hypertrophy, and diabetic myopathy. Through regulating many cellular mechanisms, such as apoptosis, autophagy, and clearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Sirt3 played an important role in the alleviation of myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury. Nowadays Sirt3‐induced autophagy was indicated to be involved in the process of the development of myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury. Sirt3 could both activate and inhibit autophagy process by activating different downstream signal pathways, such as Sirt3–AMP‐activated protein kinase pathway, Sirt3–Foxo3a pathway, and Sirt3–superoxide dismutase–mitochondrial ROS pathway. Whereas the Sirt3‐induced autophagy in different phases of myocardial ischemia–reperfusion has not been systematically illustrated. In this review, we summarized the regulated mechanisms found in these years and listed the updated research about the relationship between Sirt3 and autophagy which are both positive and negative during myocardial ischemia–reperfusion phase. We anticipated that we may controlled the activation of autophagy by regulating the concentration of Sirt3 in myocyte. By maintaining a proper expression of autophagy in different phases of myocardial ischemia–reperfusion, we could reduce the morbidity of patients with myocardial infarction apparently in the future.
Identification of the potential prognostic genes of human melanoma
Authors: Wang Bing , Qu Xing‐Long , Chen Yong
Published: November 2018

The melanoma is one of the most dangerous forms of skin diseases. It may spread to other parts of the body and cause serious illness and death. Early detection and diagnosis are crucial. However, the systemic expression analysis for the different staging of melanoma is still lacking to date. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of the different staging of melanoma by the differential expression analysis and random forest analysis. First, the results of the principal component analysis showed that the clustering of primary tumor samples, normal samples, and pigment nevus samples got closer, while the clustering of tumor metastatic samples and normal samples was far away. Moreover, the gene expression of tumor metastasis stage and the initial stage had obvious differences. Almost 426 genes identified had differential expression. The functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes was associated with the epidermal cell differentiation, epidermis development, and the keratinocyte differentiation. Taken together, our findings identified the differentially expressed signatures between primary melanoma and metastatic melanoma. Our results would provide the potential mechanisms of melanoma.
MED28 and forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) mediate matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2)‐dependent cellular migration in human nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells
Authors: Hsieh Nien‐Tsu , Huang Chun‐Yin , Li Chien‐Cheng , Wang I‐Ching , Lee Ming‐Fen
Published: November 2018

Non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the majority of the lung cancer cases that have become a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Overexpression of transcription factor forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is involved in the inauspicious development of several types of cancer, including lung tumor aggressiveness. Our laboratory has previously found that MED28, a Mediator subunit for transcriptional activation, modulates cell growth, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, migration, and invasion in human breast cancer cells. The objective of the current study is to investigate the potential role of MED28 and FOXM1 in NSCLC. In addition to A549 and PC9 cells, we also used a doxycycline‐inducible system to generate FOXM1‐overexpressed A549‐DN cells, and we explored the connection of MED28 with FOXM1 and their effect on migration. Herein, we report that the increased expression levels of both MED28 and FOXM1 elevated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), a metastasis marker, which enhanced cell migration and matrigel invasion of NSCLC cells. Furthermore, MED28 interacted with FOXM1, and both exhibited a mutual effect on the expression and subcellular localization. Moreover, MED28 small interfering RNA‐mediated MMP2 gene suppression could be attenuated by inducible expression of a constitutively active form of FOXM1, which consequently restored the migration and invasion ability of NSCLC cells. Our data indicate that MED28 interacts with FOXM1, and each affects the expression and localization of the other, and, more importantly, both regulate MMP2‐dependent migration and invasion in human lung cancer cells.
Skeletal muscle reference for Chinese children and adolescents
Authors: Liu Junting , Yan Yinkun , Xi Bo , Huang Guimin , Mi Jie ,   on behalf of China Child and Adolescent Cardiovascular Health (CCACH) Study Group
Published: November 2018

Background

Skeletal muscle as an essential body composition component plays an important role in maintenance of normal growth and development as well as systemic glucose metabolism in children. No nationwide reference data for skeletal muscle mass for Chinese youths are available in China. We aimed to establish the sex‐specific and age‐specific percentile reference values of skeletal muscle mass for Chinese children and adolescents.

Methods

This study consisted of 10 818 children and adolescents aged 3–17 years in Chinese urban area during 2013–15. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scan was performed to measure whole body muscle mass and appendicular skeletal muscle mass. Lambda‐mu‐sigma method was used to obtain the sex‐specific and age‐specific percentile curves of muscle mass indices.

Results

Overall, whole body muscle mass and appendicular skeletal muscle mass indices showed an increasing trend with age for both sexes, with boys vs. girls having higher values of all muscle mass indices. Whole body muscle mass index in boys increased slightly before age 9 years and then increased rapidly until 15 years and slowed down thereafter, while the mean values in girls increased slightly before age 8 years, increased rapidly until 14 years and remained stable thereafter. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass index increased rapidly until age 16 years and then increased slightly for boys; by contrast, for girls, the mean values increased consistently before age 14 years but showed a slightly decreasing trend after that.

Conclusions

This study established sex‐specific and age‐specific percentile reference values for skeletal muscle mass for Chinese children and adolescents aged 3–17 years. These reference values can be used to evaluate the muscular development in Chinese children and adolescents.
An improvement on the maximum number of ‐dominating independent sets
Authors: Gerbner Dániel , Keszegh Balázs , Methuku Abhishek , Patkós Balázs , Vizer Máté
Published: November 2018

Erdős and Moser raised the question of determining the maximum number of maximal cliques or, equivalently, the maximum number of maximal independent sets in a graph on vertices. Since then there has been a lot of research along these lines.

A ‐dominating independent set is an independent set such that every vertex not contained in has at least neighbors in .

Let denote the maximum number of ‐dominating independent sets in a graph on vertices, and let . Nagy initiated the study of .

In this study, we disprove a conjecture of Nagy using a graph product construction and prove that for any even we have

urn:x-wiley:03649024:media:jgt22422:jgt22422-math-0015

We also prove that for any we have

urn:x-wiley:03649024:media:jgt22422:jgt22422-math-0017

improving the upper bound of Nagy.
Strong subgraph k‐connectivity
Authors: Sun Yuefang , Gutin Gregory , Yeo Anders , Zhang Xiaoyan
Published: November 2018

Generalized connectivity introduced by Hager [J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 38 (1985), pp. 179–189] has been studied extensively in undirected graphs and become an established area in undirected graph theory. For connectivity problems, directed graphs can be considered as generalizations of undirected graphs. In this paper, we introduce a natural extension of generalized ‐connectivity of undirected graphs to directed graphs (we call it strong subgraph ‐connectivity) by replacing connectivity with strong connectivity. We prove NP‐completeness results and the existence of polynomial algorithms. We show that strong subgraph ‐connectivity is, in a sense, harder to compute than generalized ‐connectivity. However, strong subgraph ‐connectivity can be computed in polynomial time for semicomplete digraphs and symmetric digraphs. We also provide sharp bounds on strong subgraph ‐connectivity and pose some open questions.
High‐performance local‐dimming algorithm based on image characteristic and logarithmic function
Authors: Zhang Tao , Wang Yifei , Wu Hongying , Li Meng , Lei Zhichun
Published: November 2018

With the emergence of high‐dynamic range (HDR) image and video, displaying an HDR image or video on a standard dynamic range displays with natural visual effect, clear details on local areas, and high‐contrast ratio has become an important issue. To achieve HDR, local‐dimming technique has been commonly practiced. In this paper, we investigate the problem of local dimming for LED‐backlight LC display to provide algorithm support for developing HDR displays. A novel local‐dimming algorithm is proposed to improve the contrast ratio, enhance the visual quality, and reduce the power consumption of the LCDs. The proposed algorithm mainly consists of two parts. The first part is a backlight luminance extraction method based on dynamic threshold and the maximum grayscale of an image block to improve the contrast ratio and reduce the power consumption. In the second one, a pixel compensation method based on logarithmic function is used to improve the visual quality and contrast ratio. At the same time, in order to better smooth the backlight diffusion at the edges of the backlight luminance signal to enhance the accuracy of the pixel compensation, we draw on the idea of BMA and improve it to establish the backlight diffusion model with different low‐pass‐filter templates for different types of blocks. Simulation and measured results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the competing ones in contrast ratio, visual quality, and power‐saving ratio.
Tourism openness, trade openness, and currency‐purchasing power in Brazil: A causality analysis
Authors: Fernandes Elton , Pacheco Ricardo Rodrigues , Fernandes Vicente Aprigliano
Published: November 2018

This paper examines the causality between tourism openness (TOOP), trade openness (TROP), and currency‐purchasing power (BRPP) in Brazil and measures the future impact of innovations. Johansen cointegration tests and vector error correction estimates support the hypothesis that there is short‐run and long‐run, one‐way Granger causality from TROP and BRPP to TOOP. Variance decomposition analysis shows a peak percent TOOP variance of 51% due to BRPP and TROP. BRPP shows as the main precedent variable to be observed for tourism planning. The analysis indicates that policymakers must consider BRPP and TROP in setting objectives for Brazilian tourism.
Identifying and reducing risks in functional endoscopic sinus surgery through a hierarchical task analysis
Authors: Corbett Mel , O'Connor Paul , Byrne Dara , Thornton Mona , Keogh Ivan
Published: November 2018

Objective

To develop a hierarchical task listing of steps required to perform successful Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS). To complete a technical and human factor analysis of tasks resulting in the identification of errors, frequency of occurrence, severity, and reduction through remediation.

Methods

A triangulation of methods was used in order to derive the steps required to complete a FESS: 1) a literature review was carried out of published descriptions of FESS techniques; 2) observations of three FESS; 3) interviews with surgeons on FESS techniques. Data sets were combined to develop a task analysis of a correct approach to conducting FESS. A review by 12 surgeons, and observation of 25 FESS resulted in refinement of the task analysis. With input from five consultant surgeons and one consultant anesthetist, a Systematic Human Error Reduction and Prediction Approach (SHERPA) was used to identify the risks and mitigating steps in FESS.

Results

Ten tasks and 49 subtasks required for a correct approach to completing FESS were identified based on literature review and expert consensus. A risk score for each subtask was calculated from a suitable risk matrix. Risk reduction methods at each subtask were detailed. High‐scoring subtasks were evaluated and varying strategies examined to reduce the likelihood and mitigate the impact of error. The study demonstrates the usefulness of the HTA and SHERPA approach in standardization and optimization of clinical practice in order to improve patient safety.

Conclusion

Hierarchical Task Analysis and SHERPA are valuable tools to deconstruct expert performance and to highlight potential errors in FESS. The HTA and SHERPA approach to surgical procedures are useful learning and assessment tools for novice surgeons. The information derived offers the opportunity to improve surgical training and enhance patient safety by identifying high‐risk steps in the procedure, and how risk can be mitigated.

Level of Evidence

2c Outcomes Research
Effects of Ivermectin Exposure on Regeneration ofD. dorotocephalaPlanaria: Exploiting Human‐Approved Ion Channel Drugs as Morphoceuticals
Authors: Ferenc Nina N. , Levin Michael
Published: November 2018

Transformative applications in regenerative medicine await increased control of processes implementing repair and remodeling of complex living structures. Recent work reveals ion channel drugs as a powerful toolkit for modulating endogenous bioelectric circuits that control growth and form in vivo and in vitro. It is therefore especially important to develop assays in model systems that will enable the testing of these “morphoceuticals”—compounds with predictable effects on anatomical structure. The regenerative planaria are an ideal model system for this purpose. Several studies have shown a role for bioelectric signaling in planarian regeneration, but these have focused onDugesia japonicaandSchmidtea mediterranea. It is not known how the alterations of ion channel activity would affect regeneration in other species of planaria—an important aspect of building robust computational models of bioelectric circuits. Here, the effect of ivermectin (IVM), a chloride channel opener drug commonly used to combat heartworm is tested, on regeneration in a new species of planaria:Dugesia dorotocephala. Exposure to IVM during regeneration results in patterning abnormalities, such as bifurcated tails with partial heads, as well as delayed regeneration. These data extend our understanding of the effects of human‐approved ion channel drugs on regenerative processes.
Co‐Culture of Keratinocyte‐Staphylococcus aureus on Cu‐Ag‐Zn/CuO and Cu‐Ag‐W Nanoparticle Loaded Bacterial Cellulose:PMMA Bandages
Authors: Altun Esra , Aydogdu Mehmet Onur , Crabbe‐Mann Maryam , Ahmed Jubair , Brako Francis , Karademir Betul , Aksu Burak , Sennaroglu Muge , Eroglu Mehmet S. , Ren Guogang , Gunduz Oguzhan , Edirisinghe Mohan
Published: November 2018

Pressurized gyration and its sister processes are novel methods to produce polymeric fibers. Potential applications for such fibers include wound dressings, tissue engineering scaffolds, and filters. This study reports on a pressurized gyration technique that employs pressured N2 gas to prepare biocompatible wound dressing bandages from bacterial cellulose and poly (methylmethacrylate) polymer blended with alloyed antimicrobial nanoparticles. Resulting bandages are manufactured with high product yield and characterized for their chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. Increased density in solutions with additional antimicrobial nanoparticles results in increased fiber diameters. Also, addition of antimicrobial nanoparticles enhances ultimate tensile strength and Young's modulus of the bandages. Typical molecular bonding in the bandages is confirmed by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, with peaks that have higher intensity and narrowing points being caused by additional antimicrobial nanoparticles. More so, the cellular response to the bandages and the accompanying antimicrobial activity are studied in detail by in vitro co‐culture of Staphylococcus aureus and keratinocytes. Antimicrobial nanoparticle‐loaded bandage samples show increased cell viability and bacteria inhibition during co‐culture and are found to have a promising future as epidermal wound dressing materials.
Reconstructing unknown nonlinear boundary conditions in a time‐fractional inverse reaction–diffusion–convection problem
Authors: Babaei Afshin , Banihashemi Seddigheh
Published: November 2018

This paper has focused on unknown functions identification in nonlinear boundary conditions of an inverse problem of a time‐fractional reaction–diffusion–convection equation. This inverse problem is generally ill‐posed in the sense of stability, that is, the solution of problem does not depend continuously on the input data. Thus, a combination of the mollification regularization method with Gauss kernel and a finite difference marching scheme will be introduced to solve this problem. The generalized cross‐validation choice rule is applied to find a suitable regularization parameter. The stability and convergence of the numerical method are investigated. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to test the effectiveness and validity of the proposed approach.
Half‐Sandwich Metal‐Catalyzed Alkyne [2+2+2] Cycloadditions and the Slippage Span Model
Authors: Dalla Tiezza Marco , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Orian Laura
Published: November 2018

Half‐sandwich RhI compounds display good catalytic activity toward alkyne [2+2+2] cycloadditions. A peculiar structural feature of these catalysts is the coordination of the metal to an aromatic moiety, typically a cyclopentadienyl anion, and, in particular, the possibility to change the bonding mode easily by the metal slipping over this aromatic moiety. Upon modifying the ancillary ligands, or proceeding along the catalytic cycle, hapticity changes can be observed; it varies from η5, if the five metal–carbon distances are identical, through η3+η2, in the presence of allylic distortion, and η3, in the case of allylic coordination, to η1, if a σ metal–carbon bond forms. In this study, we present the slippage span model, derived with the aim of establishing a relationship between slippage variation during the catalytic cycle, quantified in a novel and rigorous way, and the performance of catalysts in terms of turnover frequency, computed with the energy span model. By collecting and comparing new data and data from the literature, we find that the highest performance is associated with the smallest slippage variation along the cycle.
Climate change and marketing: Stranded research or a sustainable development?
Authors: Hall C. Michael
Published: November 2018

Climate change represents an existential crises for economic, social, and natural systems. Given the significance of the topic and the importance of behavioural change, it might be expected that marketing may be a substantial contributor to climate change studies. However, this is not the case with substantially less than 1% of papers in a sample of marketing journals being concerned with climate change. Nevertheless, there is substantial interest in marketing practices and climate change outside of marketing journals. It is therefore posited that, as a discipline, marketing may potentially become a form of stranded research in the social science of climate change rather than a positive sustainable contribution to emissions reduction and consumer studies. It is also observed that a shift in focus from carbon literacy to the carbon capabilities of consumers presents a significant challenge to marketing assumptions about agency and structure and the relative roles of upstream and downstream marketing and the ethics of marketing practice.
Helical multi‐detector CT scan as a tool for diagnosing tracheomalacia in children
Authors: Douros Konstantinos , Kremmydas Gerasimos , Grammeniatis Vasilis , Papadopoulos Marios , Priftis Kostas N. , Alexopoulou Efthymia
Published: November 2018

Background/Aims

Tracheomalacia (TM) is not an unusual diagnosis in pediatric respiratory clinics. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of paired static end‐inspiratory/end‐expiratory helical multi‐detector CT scan (MDCT) in detecting TM.

Methods

FB was performed in 28 children suspected of TM on the grounds of presence of recurrent episodes of vibrating cough and a need for more specific diagnostic information. Children diagnosed with flexible bronchoscopy (FB) as having TM were further investigated with MDCT. The cross‐sectional area ratio of the trachea during end‐expiration and end‐inspiration, at the level of maximum end‐expiration collapse (CSR), determined the basis for the MDCT diagnosis of TM. FB and MDCT were also performed in five children who suffered from mainly dry—but not honking, barking, or vibrating—cough for more than 3 months, and served as controls.

Results

The diagnosis of TM was established bronchoscopically in 26 out of 28 children. CRS was significantly smaller in patients (0.59 ± 0.14) compared with controls (0.85 ± 0.11) (P = 0.001). The optimal CSR cut‐off point for TM diagnosis, as it was estimated by the ROC curve, was ≤0.705 (95%CI: ≤0.635‐≤0.850) with a sensitivity 84.6% (95%CI: 65.1‐95.6), and specificity 100.0% (95%CI: 47.8‐100.0).

Conclusions

MDCT can effectively diagnose TM in the majority of children and can be used as an alternative to FB. In children, the established criterion of CSR ≤0.5 should be replaced by CSR ≤0.7 that seems to be a more appropriate threshold.
Targeting genotoxic and proteotoxic stress‐response pathways in human prostate cancer by clinically available PARP inhibitors, vorinostat and disulfiram
Authors: Majera Dusana , Skrott Zdenek , Bouchal Jan , Bartkova Jirina , Simkova Dana , Gachechiladze Mariam , Steigerova Jana , Kurfurstova Daniela , Gursky Jan , Korinkova Gabriela , Cwiertka Karel , Hodny Zdenek , Mistrik Martin , Bartek Jiri
Published: November 2018

Background

Castration‐resistant prostate cancer (PCa) represents a serious health challenge. Based on mechanistically‐supported rationale we explored new therapeutic options based on clinically available drugs with anticancer effects, including inhibitors of PARP1 enzyme (PARPi), and histone deacetylases (vorinostat), respectively, and disulfiram (DSF, known as alcohol‐abuse drug Antabuse) and its copper‐chelating metabolite CuET that inhibit protein turnover.

Methods

Drugs and their combination with ionizing radiation (IR) were tested in various cytotoxicity assays in three human PCa cell lines including radio‐resistant stem‐cell like derived cells. Mechanistically, DNA damage repair, heat shock and unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways were assessed by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting.

Results

We observed enhanced sensitivity to PARPi/IR in PC3 cells consistent with lower homologous recombination (HR) repair. Vorinostat sensitized DU145 cells to PARPi/IR and decreased mutant p53. Vorinostat also impaired HR‐mediated DNA repair, as determined by Rad51 foci formation and downregulation of TOPBP1 protein, and overcame radio‐resistance of stem‐cell like DU145‐derived cells. All PCa models responded well to CuET or DSF combined with copper. We demonstrated that DSF interacts with copper in the culture media and forms adequate levels of CuET indicating that DSF/copper and CuET may be considered as comparable treatments. Both DSF/copper and CuET evoked hallmarks of UPR in PCa cells, documented by upregulation of ATF4, CHOP and phospho‐eIF2α, with ensuing heat shock response encompassing activation of HSF1 and HSP70. Further enhancing the cytotoxicity of CuET, combination with an inhibitor of the anti‐apoptotic protein survivin (YM155, currently undergoing clinical trials) promoted the UPR‐induced toxicity, yielding synergistic effects of CuET and YM155.

Conclusions

We propose that targeting genotoxic and proteotoxic stress responses by combinations of available drugs could inspire innovative strategies to treat castration‐resistant PCa.
Thickness‐Dependent In‐Plane Thermal Conductivity and Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance in p‐Type ZrTe5 Nanoribbons
Authors: Guo Jie , Huang Yuan , Wu Xiangshui , Wang Qilang , Zhou Xingjiang , Xu Xiangfan , Li Baowen
Published: November 2018

Topological materials attract enormous attention due to their unique physical properties and thermoelectric applications. ZrTe5, a semimetal material, is proposed to be a new topological material and shows interesting thickness‐dependent electrical transport properties. Here, the in‐plane thermal conductivity and power factor in exfoliated few‐layer ZrTe5 nanoribbons with different thickness measured using suspended thermal bridge method are reported. A nearly linearly thickness‐dependent thermal conductivity κ is observed where thicker nanoribbons present higher thermal conductivity in the temperature range of 100–300 K due to phonon‐boundary scattering. More interestingly, the room temperature figure of merit ZT of 140 nm‐thick ZrTe5 nanoribbon is five times higher than that in bulk ZrTe5, providing superior thermoelectric performance in thinner ZrTe5 nanoribbons and revealing the promising prospect of ZrTe5 nanoribbons as thermoelectric materials.
Is bromelain effective in controlling the inflammatory parameters of pain, edema, and trismus after lower third molar surgery? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: de Souza Glaciele Maria , Fernandes Ighor Andrade , dos Santos Cássio Roberto Rocha , Falci Saulo Gabriel Moreira
Published: November 2018

The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the clinical evidences of the bromelain in minimizing inflammatory parameters such as pain, edema, and trismus after lower third molar surgeries. An electronic search was conducted in six databases through November 2017. The eligibility criteria included randomized and non‐randomized clinical trials and/or comparative studies that used bromelain after lower third molar surgeries. The search strategy resulted in 117 articles. Following the selection process, seven studies were included in the systematic review and four in the meta‐analysis. In terms of the risk of bias analysis, all the evaluated studies were classified as low or unclear risk of bias in the following criteria: selection bias, detection bias, and reporting bias. The final quantitative analysis of the variables showed that the use of bromelain resulted in greater reduction of pain levels (mean difference [MD]: −0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI; −0.66 to −0.09]), edema (MD: −0.34; 95% CI [ −0.68 to −0.01]), and trismus (MD: −2.01; 95% CI [ −3.99 to −0.02]) among the analyzed groups. The results suggest that the bromelain appears to be effective in the control of pain, edema, and trismus after lower third molar surgeries; however, further high‐quality studies are needed to confirm this finding.
The scope for low‐carbon development in Kigali, Rwanda: An economic appraisal
Authors: Colenbrander Sarah , Sudmant Andrew , Chilundika Natasha , Gouldson Andy
Published: November 2018

Urban plans and infrastructure investments in sub‐Saharan Africa need to support human and economic development, while also helping countries and cities stay within the global carbon budget. To date, however, no analyses have focused on the economic costs and benefits of pursuing less carbon‐intensive urban growth in sub‐Saharan African cities. This is significant as the perception that low‐carbon urban development is more expensive than higher‐carbon alternatives can be enough to preclude consideration of opportunities for more sustainable development, especially in highly resource‐constrained contexts. This paper examines the validity of this perception through an economic appraisal of the scope for low‐carbon development in Kigali, Rwanda. We find that the city of Kigali could theoretically invest 0.6% of its GDP each year for 10 years in economically attractive mitigation measures. This would generate annual energy savings equivalent to 1.5% of its GDP and reduce city‐scale emissions by 39% by 2032 (relative to business‐as‐usual trends). The economic case for urban climate action is therefore substantial, and although the city is in some ways unique, this suggests that promising opportunities also exist in other sub‐Saharan African cities. However, few national or local governments in the region have the political will and institutional capabilities necessary to realise this mitigation potential. We also find that although potentially significant in the short to medium term, these economically attractive measures would not be sufficient to decouple economic development and greenhouse gas emissions in Kigali in the longer term.
Translation of Earth observation data into sustainable development indicators: An analytical framework
Authors: Andries Ana , Morse Stephen , Murphy Richard , Lynch Jim , Woolliams Emma , Fonweban John
Published: November 2018

In 2015, member countries of the United Nations adopted the 17 Sustainable Development Goals at the Sustainable Development Summit in New York. These global goals have 169 targets and 232 indicators that are based on the three pillars of sustainable development: economic, social, and environmental. Substantial challenges remain in obtaining data of the required quality, especially in developing countries, given the often limited resources available. One promising and innovative way of addressing this issue of data availability is to use Earth observation (EO). This paper presents the results of research to develop a novel analytical framework for assessing the potential of EO approaches to populate the SDG indicators. We present a Maturity Matrix Framework and apply it to all of the 232 SDG indicators. The results demonstrate that although the applicability of EO‐derived data do vary between the Sustainable Development Goal indicators, overall, EO has an important contribution to make towards populating a wide diversity of the Sustainable Development Goals indicators.
32.1: Invited Paper: An Inkjet Printed 31‐inch UHD AMOLED Display
Authors: Wu Yuan Chun , Wu Tsungyuan , Iguchi Shinsuke , Li Xiang-Long , Zhou Jiankai , Hao Peng , Cai Yuying , Tang Jia , Zhou Xing-Yu , Hsu Yuan-Jun , Lu Po-Yen
Published: November 2018

An inkjet printed 31‐inch UHD AMOLED display has been successfully developed in this report. Special designed small size pixels, high thermal stable top‐gate self‐aligned a‐IGZO TFTs, multiple‐planarization method and cost‐efficient inkjet printing process make the display very attractive. For the AMOLED display, HIL, HTL and EML (Red, Green, Blue) layers were printed in multiple‐planarized small pixels by precisely controlling the ink droplets. And ETL, cathode were prepared on the whole panel by VTE with just common masks instead of complicated and expensive FMMs, which provides a low‐cost fabrication approach for the following emerging inkjet printing display era. The light‐on image of the developed display indicates that good full color and display uniformity has been successfully realized.
35.2: Invited Paper: Mura inspection and optimizing for LTPS AMOLED
Authors: Li Zhongwei , Ma Pengcheng
Published: November 2018

Due to the process route and the design of the backplane compensation circuit, the Mura of LTPS AMOLED production badly restricts the yield rate climbing. This article has made some progress in experimental research on the timely and effective Mura detection and classification improvement method for the array segment, it means a lot for mass production yield.LTPS AMOLED.
44.2: Invited Paper: Printed Polymer TFTs Towards Low‐Cost Backplane Production
Authors: Morley Aurélie , Lloyd Giles , Charbonneau Micaël , Locatelli Denis , Lombard Stéphanie , Laugier Christelle , Tournon Laurent , Bain Stephen , James Mark , Wang Howard
Published: November 2018

We present Merck's new formulation and material developments enabling high‐volume and high‐throughput printing techniques to be used for cost‐effective electronic circuitry and backplane production. Performance at TFT array level in excess of 2 cm2/Vs, comparable to spin coating is demonstrated at Gen1 scale and 50 ppi resolution, using a hybrid combination of conventional lithographic steps and direct gravure printing.
P‐2.1: Micro‐LED eye mask
Authors: Zhanghu Mengyuan , Qin Lihuan , Xiong Zhaobin , Yan Siwu , Liu Yibo , Wang Ruoning , Liu Zhaojun
Published: November 2018

Nowadays, with the development of the pace of society, people's daily life will be affected by many pressures, and everyone is quite concerned about their health. Eye fatigue, as a common and important sub ‐ health problem, many people have no time to consider it or have no appropriate way to solve this problem. This paper proposes a therapeutic method: the phototherapy eye mask based on Micro‐LEDs. This eye mask has the features of portability and high comfort, which can effectively relieve eye fatigue and relax the eye. Combined with the characteristics of Micro‐LED structure, dense arrangement, independent driving, and the principle of light medical treatment, we can achieve the desired effect for different skin and eye fatigue. This study will include a cell phone APP to assist Micro‐LED eye mask, which can individualize the phototherapy eye mask and customize the individual light therapy for different eye fatigue. LED technology is developing rapidly, besides mainstream lighting and display, it can also play a unique role in healthcare. There are LED figures in medical beauty center and scalded skin repair instrument. Micro‐LED is composed of multiple micro LED arrays. It has many characteristics such as small size, dense distribution, compact structure and each pixel can be independently driven. It also has many advantages such as high luminous efficiency, power saving and fast reaction speed. Therefore, based on the current situation of LED eye mask, it can be improved to Micro‐LED eye mask, which can be applied to every point of eye and omni‐directional coverage. Besides, this Micro‐LED eye mask can be combined with the actual situation of everyone to light anywhere they need to be treated, which can be the best effect on people's health.