bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced Critical Care Practitioners – Practical experience of implementing the Advanced Critical Care Practitioner Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine Curriculum in a London Critical Care Unit
Authors: Lee Geraldine , Gilroy Jo-Anne , Ritchie Alistair , Grover Vimal , Gull Keetje , Gruber Pascale
Published: November 2017

With a chronic shortage of doctors in intensive care, alternative roles are being explored. One of these is the role of the Advanced Critical Care Practitioner. The Advanced Critical Care Practitioner Curriculum was developed by the Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine and is used to provide a structured programme of training. The Advanced Critical Care Practitioner programme consists of an academic and clinical component. This article outlines a practical approach of how the programme was developed and is currently being delivered at a single institution. This new advanced practice role offers opportunities to fill gaps in the medical workforce, improve continuity of patient care, provide mentoring and training for less experienced staff as well as offering a rewarding clinical role.
Effects of a museum-based social prescription intervention on quantitative measures of psychological wellbeing in older adults
Authors: Thomson Linda J , Lockyer Bridget , Camic Paul M , Chatterjee Helen J
Published: November 2017

Aims:

To assess psychological wellbeing in a novel social prescription intervention for older adults called Museums on Prescription and to explore the extent of change over time in six self-rated emotions (‘absorbed’, ‘active’, ‘cheerful’, ‘encouraged’, ‘enlightened’ and ‘inspired’).

Methods:

Participants ( n = 115) aged 65–94 years were referred to museum-based programmes comprising 10 weekly sessions, by healthcare and third sector organisations using inclusion criteria (e.g. socially isolated, able to give informed consent, not in employment, not regularly attending social or cultural activities) and exclusion criteria (e.g. unable to travel to the museum, unable to function in a group situation, unlikely to be able to attend all sessions, unable to take part in interviews and complete questionnaires). In a within-participants’ design, the Museum Wellbeing Measure for Older Adults (MWM-OA) was administered pre-post session at start-, mid- and end-programme. A total of 12 programmes, facilitated by museum staff and volunteers, were conducted in seven museums in central London and across Kent. In addition to the quantitative measures, participants, carers where present, museum staff and researchers kept weekly diaries following guideline questions and took part in end-programme in-depth interviews.

Results:

Multivariate analyses of variance showed significant participant improvements in all six MWM-OA emotions, pre-post session at start-, mid- and end-programme. Two emotions, ‘absorbed’ and ‘enlightened’, increased pre-post session disproportionately to the others; ‘cheerful’ attained the highest pre-post session scores whereas ‘active’ was consistently lowest.

Conclusion:

Museums can be instrumental in offering museum-based programmes for older adults to improve psychological wellbeing over time. Participants in the study experienced a sense of privilege, valued the opportunity to liaise with curators, visit parts of the museum closed to the public and handle objects normally behind glass. Participants appreciated opportunities afforded by creative and co-productive activities to acquire learning and skills, and get to know new people in a different context.
Do Asian Americans Face Labor Market Discrimination? Accounting for the Cost of Living among Native-born Men and Women
Authors: Wang Sharron Xuanren , Takei Isao , Sakamoto Arthur
Published: November 2017

Being nonwhite, Asian Americans are an important case in understanding racial/ethnic inequality. Prior research has focused on native-born workers to reduce unobserved heterogeneity associated with immigrants. Native-born Asian American adults are concentrated, however, in areas with a high cost of living where wages tend to be higher. Regional location is thus said to inflate the wages of Asians. Given that many labor markets are national in scope with regional migration being common, current place of residence is unlikely to be a fully exogenous independent variable. We use two-stage least squares to estimate wage regression models in which the cost of living is endogenous because people with higher wages can afford to live in more expensive areas. The results fail to reject the hypothesis of no racial discrimination. Native-born Asian Americans seem to have overcome the disadvantage of being nonwhite in the labor market at least in regard to wages.
Knockdown of SOX2OT inhibits the malignant biological behaviors of glioblastoma stem cells via up-regulating the expression of miR-194-5p and miR-122
Authors: Su Rui , Cao Shuo , Ma Jun , Liu Yunhui , Liu Xiaobai , Zheng Jian , Chen Jiajia , Liu Libo , Cai Heng , Li Zhen , Zhao Lini , He Qianru , Xue Yixue
Published: November 2017

Background

Accumulating evidence has highlighted the potential role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the biological behaviors of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). Here, we elucidated the function and possible molecular mechanisms of the effect of lncRNA-SOX2OT on the biological behaviors of GSCs.

Results

Real-time PCR demonstrated that SOX2OT expression was up-regulated in glioma tissues and GSCs. Knockdown of SOX2OT inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of GSCs, and promoted GSCs apoptosis. MiR-194-5p and miR-122 were down-regulated in human glioma tissues and GSCs, and miR-194-5p and miR-122 respectively exerted tumor-suppressive functions by inhibiting the proliferation, migration and invasion of GSCs, while promoting GSCs apoptosis. Knockdown of SOX2OT significantly increased the expression of miR-194-5p and miR-122 in GSCs. Dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that SOX2OT bound to both miR-194-5p and miR-122. SOX3 and TDGF-1 were up-regulated in human glioma tissues and GSCs. Knockdown of SOX3 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of GSCs, promoted GSCs apoptosis, and decreased TDGF-1 mRNA and protein expression through direct binding to the TDGF-1 promoter. Over-expression of miR-194-5p and miR-122 decreased the mRNA and protein expression of SOX3 by targeting its 3’UTR. Knockdown of TDGF-1 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of GSCs, promoted GSCs apoptosis, and inhibited the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Furthermore, SOX3 knockdown also inhibited the SOX2OT expression through direct binding to the SOX2OT promoter and formed a positive feedback loop.

Conclusion

This study is the first to demonstrate that the SOX2OT-miR-194-5p/miR-122-SOX3-TDGF-1 pathway forms a positive feedback loop and regulates the biological behaviors of GSCs, and these findings might provide a novel strategy for glioma treatment.
Hybrid steepest iterative algorithm for a hierarchical fixed point problem
Authors: Husain Shamshad , Singh Nisha
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this work is to introduce and study an iterative method to approximate solutions of a hierarchical fixed point problem and a variational inequality problem involving a finite family of nonexpansive mappings on a real Hilbert space. Further, we prove that the sequence generated by the proposed iterative method converges to a solution of the hierarchical fixed point problem for a finite family of nonexpansive mappings which is the unique solution of the variational inequality problem. The results presented in this paper are the extension and generalization of some previously known results in this area. An example which satisfies all the conditions of the iterative method and the convergence result is given.
An evaluation of the predictive validity of the URICA and ANSOCQ scales for weight gain in adults with AN in an outpatient eating disorders program: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Green Jessica , Phillipou Andrea , Castle David , Cistullo Leonardo , Newton Richard
Published: November 2017

Background

The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) which focuses on stage of change has been the main conceptual model used in understanding the lack of motivation to change in patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN). Whilst there is evidence to support the prognostic value of the TTM in AN, this evidence base sufferers from limitations including limited studies in adults and none in outpatient populations. The primary aim of this study was to clarify whether readiness to change, as measured by the University Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale (URICA) and the Anorexia Nervosa Stages of Change Questionnaire (ANSOCQ) could predict weight gain in adults with AN following treatment in an outpatient setting.

Methods

This was a prospective cohort analysis, which selectively used data from an existing clinical database at an outpatient eating disorders service. 119 patients met eligibility criteria and were included in this study. This included all adult patients who had a diagnosis of AN and were assessed, but not necessarily treated at the outpatient eating disorders program (Group 1). A subgroup of 63 patients (Group 2) was also analysed which only included patients who had received treatment at the program. Baseline measures included the URICA score, the ANSOCQ score, the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and body mass index (BMI). BMI was also measured on discharge.

Results

The URICA scale had poor predictive validity for weight gain (r = 0.05, p = 0.725). The ANSOCQ had moderate predictive validity (Pearson’s r = 0.57, p = 0.007), and accounted for 32.7% of variance in weight gain. The URICA and ANSOCQ were moderately correlated in both groups. The URICA was moderately predictive of symptom severity, measured by the EDE-Q in both groups. The ANSOCQ was moderately correlated with the EDE-Q scores in both Groups 1 and 2.

Conclusions

To the authors’ knowledge this is the only study evaluating stage of change, in an adult outpatient population with AN. The findings of this study suggest that while both the URICA and ANSOCQ were associated with eating disorder symptom severity, only the ANSOCQ was able to predict weight gain in outpatients with AN suggesting its greater utility in this context.
Rheonomic phenomenon shrinkage of holes drilled in fibreglass and carbon fibre-reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Dudarev Aleksandr , Volegov Konstantin , Kurzanov Georgiy
Published: November 2017

Background

The research is devoted to machining polymer composite materials and reflects a non-trivial, accuracy-affecting phenomenon that occurs while drilling polymer composite materials, i.e. reduction of holes diameter over time after processing.

Methods

The article contains experimental data obtained in the research of rheonomic shrinkage of holes after drilling various grades of polymer composite materials. The research involved using different types of tools (high-performance Ham solid carbide drill bits and diamond drill bits). The tests were carried out combining different parameters of drilling modes. We adopted the range of spindle speed change n = 10,000-20,000 rev/min and tool feed range Sm = 50-300 mm/min. Measurements of shrinkage were performed with the help of ATOS III Triple Scan XL scanning system immediately after treatment and in 48 h thereafter. Based on the scanned polygonal mesh of each hole, three-dimensional models of holes drilled in the samples were built. Then, these models were verified against nominal drillings using GOM Inspect software. In this way, the values of rheonomic shrinkage were obtained. Verification was carried out according to Gaussian method of measurements by coincidence using variation variables sigma (Gaussian best-fit 3 sigma).

Results

Shrinkage of holes does not take place in structural materials. However, in polymer composite materials, shrinkage of the drilled hole of 10 mm nominal diameter may reach reduction in diameter of 0.02-0.03 mm during a period of 48 h and depends on the grade of the polymer composite material. Observations have shown that shrinkage also depends on machining mode parameters.

Conclusions

We have developed two hypotheses to explain the influence of processing mode parameters on rheonomic shrinkage: the first one relates to the rate of processing, the second – to the force factors.
Sleep and Athletic Performance
Authors: Watson Andrew M.
Published: November 2017

Sleep is an essential component of health and well-being, with significant impacts on physical development, emotional regulation, cognitive performance, and quality of life. Along with being an integral part of the recovery and adaptive process between bouts of exercise, accumulating evidence suggests that increased sleep duration and improved sleep quality in athletes are associated with improved performance and competitive success. In addition, better sleep may reduce the risk of both injury and illness in athletes, not only optimizing health but also potentially enhancing performance through increased participation in training. Despite this, most studies have found that athletes fail to obtain the recommended amount of sleep, threatening both performance and health. Athletes face a number of obstacles that can reduce the likelihood of obtaining proper sleep, such as training and competition schedules, travel, stress, academic demands, and overtraining. In addition, athletes have been found to demonstrate poor self-assessment of their sleep duration and quality. In light of this, athletes may require more careful monitoring and intervention to identify individuals at risk and promote proper sleep to improve both performance and overall health. This review attempts to highlight the recent literature regarding sleep issues in athletes, the effects of sleep on athletic performance, and interventions to enhance proper sleep in athletes.
Multi-species consumer jams and the fall of guarded corals to crown-of-thorns seastar outbreaks
Authors: Kayal Mohsen , Ballard Jane , Adjeroud Mehdi
Published: November 2017

Outbreaks of predatory crown-of-thorns seastars (COTS) can devastate coral reef ecosystems, yet some corals possess mutualistic guardian crabs that defend against COTS attacks. However, guarded corals do not always survive COTS outbreaks, with the ecological mechanisms sealing the fate of these corals during COTS infestations remaining unknown. In August 2008 in Moorea (17.539° S, 149.830° W), French Polynesia, an unusually dense multi-species aggregation of predators was observed feeding upon guarded corals following widespread coral decline due to COTS predation. Concurrent assaults from these amplified, mixed-species predator guilds likely overwhelm mutualistic crab defense, ultimately leading to the fall of guarded corals. Our observations indicate that guarded corals can sustain devastating COTS attacks for an extended duration, but eventually concede to intensifying assaults from diverse predators that aggregate in high numbers as alternative prey decays. The fall of guarded corals is therefore suggested to be ultimately driven by an indirect trophic cascade that leads to amplified attacks from diverse starving predators following prey decline, rather than COTS assaults alone.
Duties and Liability of the Members of the Supervisory Board of Limited Companies in Estonia: The First Cases from the Supreme Court of Estonia
Authors: Vutt Andres , Vutt Margit
Published: November 2017

Similarly to German law, Estonian company law provides two-tier management for all public limited companies. Legal regulation of the liability of members of the management board and supervisory board is the same, and therefore the question arises of whether there is any difference in liability between members of different boards. The Estonian Supreme Court recently made two decisions regarding the liability of members of the supervisory board. The main research question of the article is ‘what is the scope of the duties of the supervisory board in comparison to the duties of the management board, and how does the difference in duties affect the liability?’ As the main task of the supervisory board is to exercise supervision, the question is what the actual standard of supervision is. The main conclusions in the article are that the Supreme Court of Estonia has not given an answer to the question about the standard for the liability of members of the supervisory board and leaves open many other important questions about boundaries of their duties.
Volatility Uncertainty, Time Decay, and Option Bid-Ask Spreads in an Incomplete Market
Authors: Hsieh PeiLin , Jarrow Robert
Published: November 2017

This paper documents the fact that in options markets, the (percentage) implied volatility bid-ask spread increases at an increasing rate as the option’s maturity date approaches. To explain this stylized fact, this paper provides a market microstructure model for the bid-ask spread in options markets. We first construct a static equilibrium model to illustrate the aforementioned phenomenon where risk averse and competitive option market makers quote bid and ask prices to minimize their inventory risk in an incomplete market with both directional and volatility risk. We extend this model to multiperiods and show that the same phenomenon occurs there as well. Two new implications are generated: a volatility level effect and a volatility variance effect. These implications are empirically tested, and the empirical results confirm the model’s validity. Finally, we document the importance of detrending the maturity effect by showing that the detrended percentage volatility spread explains future jump intensities better than the original percentage volatility spread.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2867 .

This paper was accepted by Neng Wang, finance.
Clinical mycobacterial diseases of companion animals: part 2. Management of companion animal mycobacteriosis
Authors: O'Halloran Conor , Dobromylskyj Melanie
Published: November 2017

Mycobacterial diseases are being more frequently diagnosed in companion animals in first opinion practice in the UK. These infections can be challenging both to diagnose and manage; this and a previous article aim to give an overview of the relevant background and epidemiology, management and prognosis for companion animal mycobacteriosis (CAM). This second article explores the treatment options available to clinicians, as well as some of the considerations required before treatment is started.
Autumn parasite challenges
Authors: Stokes Laura
Published: November 2017

Autumn brings cooler, damper weather outside and central heating indoors. Both of these lend themselves to continued or even increased problems with certain parasites. Additionally, potential risks from exotic parasites continue throughout the year, therefore continued vigilance is needed.
Identifying and understanding blistering skin conditions
Authors: Lawton Sandra
Published: November 2017

There are many skin conditions that lead to blistering of the skin that older people in the care home may be susceptible to. In this article, Sandra Lawton outlines the conditions that care staff may come across, and the warning signs they should be aware of
How to … support staff with mental health and wellbeing
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: November 2017

Mental health is something that affects all facets of a person's life, despite the strong taboo against speaking openly about it. In this article, Adrian Ashurst explains the impact that poor mental health can have on both the staff and the home as a whole
Fragility fractures and bone remodeling in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yalochkina Tatiana O. , Belaya Zhanna E.
Published: November 2017

Fracture risk is significantly increased in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and individuals with diabetes experience worse fracture outcomes compared to normoglycemic individuals. Patients with T1DM have decreased bone mineral density (BMD), whereas patients with T2DM demonstrate increased BMD compared to healthy control. The latest studies show increased incidence of low-traumatic fractures in patients with T2DM instead of high bone mineral density (BMD). The risk of osteoporotic fractures in patients with T2DM can be explained by disease complications and increased risk of falls and consequent trauma. However, the most important cause of bone fragility in T2DM is the deterioration in bone microarchitecture, the mechanism of which is not completely understood. High BMD in patients with T2DM does not allow us to use dual-energy X-ray-absorptiometry as a gold standard test for diagnosticsof osteoporosis. Consequently,new risk factors and diagnostic algorithm as well as treatment strategy should be developed for patients with T2DM. In addition to this, some researchers considered that the group of T2DM is geterogenous and physicians might face patients with osteoporosis and mild diabetes that add very little to bone fragility; patients with osteoporosis and moderate or severe diabetes which also affects bone tissue diabetoosteoporosis; and patients without osteoporosis but severe diabetes which cause bone tissue deterioration with the development of diabetic bone disease. New diagnostic tools and algorithm and new experimental research are needed for better understanding bone deterioration in patients with T2DM. This review summarizes our current knowledge on fracture rate, risk factors for fractures and causes of bone deterioration in subjects with T2DM.
Influence of androgen deficiency on carbohydrate metabolism in men
Authors: Mkrtumyan Ashot M. , Egshatyan Lilit V.
Published: November 2017

The article provides an overview of the current literature integrating clinical data on the role of androgen deficiency in pathogenesis of metabolic malfunctions and diabetes mellitus. The combination of androgen deficiency and diabetes mellitus is a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. Due to the fact that general physicians, endocrinologist dont have knowledge of this problem most of androgen deficiency cases are not only remained without treatment but also not revealed.
Metabolic syndrome in the inhabitants of Mountain Shoria: prevalence, variants of manifestations and ethnic peculiarities
Authors: Tsygankova Dar'ya P. , Mulerova Tat'yana A. , Ogarkov Mikhail Yu. , Saarela Ekaterina Yu. , Kuzmina Anastasiya A. , Barbarash Ol'ga L.
Published: November 2017

Background. Metabolic syndrome is one of the most dangerous risk factors of cardiovascular and endocrine diseases development and mortality due to them, especially among young people.

Aims: Our purpose was to study the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, combinations of its components in indigenous and non-indigenous inhabitants of Mountain Shoria.

Materials and methods. During the period since 2012 to 2015 we have examined the inhabitants of the villages of Mountain Shoria: Ust-Kabyrza, Orton, Sheregesh by a continuous method on the basis of a name list. All the participants were examined by a cardiologist, an endocrinologist and a general practitioner, also a waist circumference and arterial blood pressure were measured. Specific diagnostic methods included an estimation of blood glucose level, triglycerides (TG) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in blood serum.

Results. All the subjects (460 persons) were divided into age (1839 years, 4059 years, 60 years and older), ethnic (the Shors and the non-Shors) and gender (men and women) groups. Generally, the metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 40.2% of inhabitants of Mountain Shoria. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was presented in 12.4% of indigenous men and in 47.8% of non-indigenous examined men (р=0.00001). MSwasrevealedin 36.8%, of Shor-women and in 60.7% of non-Shor women (р=0.00002). The most common variant of 3-component MS was abdominal obesity + arterial hypertension + hyperglycemia and the rarest was abdominal obesity + TG + hyperglycemia. The most common variant of 4-component MS was a combination of abdominal obesity + hyperglycemia + arterial hypertension + HDL-C, the rarest was abdominal obesity + arterial hypertension + TG + HDL-C. Different variants of 3-component and 4-component MS occurred with similar frequency in all age groups of the Shors and non-Shors.

Conclusions. Generally MSoccurred more frequently in non-indigenous inhabitants than in indigenous inhabitants. Only in women of young age group this pathology was revealed with the similar frequency among both ethnic groups. Among all the inhabitants of Mountain Shoria the most frequent clinical variant of 3-component MS was a combination of abdominal obesity + arterial hypertension + hyperglycemia and of 4-component variant a combination of abdominal obesity + hyperglycemia + arterial hypertension + HDL-C.
He Ottoman female poets that differ from Divan literature with their voice and with their distinctive expressions
Osmanlı kadın şairlerinin Divan edebiyatı geleneğinden ayrılan sesi ve farklı ifade biçimleri
Authors: Ertek Morkoç Yasemin
Published: November 2017

Divan literature is described as "a certain tradition literature with its rules and boundaries" in the most general form. These rules and boundaries have enabled the formation of common expressions in religion and in Sufi intellection in particular and in poetry by the influence of Persian literature, and they have made it traditional in time. In this context, in classical Turkish poetry, whose male poets are predominant in quality and quantity, patriarchal rhetoric presents an outlook that its frame has been established by common tropes, metaphors, poetic themes and in short by similar imaginations and ideas.Our work aims to reveal the distinctive way of the voice of female divan poets in the Ottoman poetry, which, when viewed from the outside, gives a completely male voice and perspective in the first place. In this respect, the divan of Lady Mihri (died after 1512), Lady Leyla (died in 1848) and Lady Şeref (1809-1861) were chosen and examined.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetDivan edebiyatı en genel şekliyle “ Kuralları ve sınırları belli bir gelenek edebiyatı” olarak tanımlanır. Bu kural ve sınırlar zaman içinde başta din ve tasavvuf anlayışı olmak üzere, Fars edebiyatının da tesiriyle şiirde ortak ifade biçimlerinin belirmesini ve bunun gelenekselleşmesini sağlamıştır. Bu bağlamda nitelik ve nicelik olarak ağırlığını erkek şairlerin oluşturduğu klasik Türk şiirinde ataerkil söylem, ortak mecazlar, metaforlar, mazmunlar, kısacası benzer hayal ve imgelerle çerçevesi belirlenmiş bir görünüm arz eder. Çalışmamız, dıştan bakıldığında ilk etapta tamamen erkek sesini ve bakış açısını verdiğini düşündüren Osmanlı şiirinde, kadın divan şairlerinin sesinin ayırıcı yönünü, farklı ifade biçimlerini ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir. Bu konuda Mihrî Hatun  (ölm. 1512 sonrası), Leyla Hanım (ölm.1848) ve Şeref Hanım (1809-1861)’ın divanları seçilerek incelenmiştir.
KEBIJAKAN FORMULASI PIDANA MATI TERHADAP PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Batubara Risva Fauzi
Published: November 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis kebijakan formulasipidana mati terhadap pelaku tindak pidana korupsi di Indonesia saat ini, dankebijakan formulasi pidananya di masa yang akan datang. Metode penelitian yangdigunakan adalah yuridis normatif, dengan menggunakan data sekunder berupaperangkat peraturan perundang-undangan, serta ditunjang dengan data primerberupa penelitian di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakanformulasi pidana mati terhadap pelaku tindak pidana korupsi di Indonesia saat inisudah diatur dalam dalam Pasal 2 ayat (2) Undang-Undang No. 31 Tahun 1999 joPasal 1 ayat (1) Undang-Undang No. 20 Tahun 2001, namun sampai saat inimasih sangat sulit untuk diterapkan karena masih terdapat banyak kelemahan.Kebijakan formulasi di masa mendatang haruslah mencantumkan kualitas dankuantitas yang dikorupsi sebagai indikator dalam menjatuhkan pidana mati,termasuk memperjelas masalah posisi/eksistensi pidana mati dalam sistem hukumpidana yang berlaku, syarat-syarat penjatuhan pidana mati bagi koruptor, danjenis-jenis alternatif pidana mati atau bentuk-bentuk peringanan pidana mati.Kata kunci: Kebijakan Formulasi, Pidana Mati, Tindak Pidana Korupsi
KEBIJAKAN PELAKSANAAN DIVERSI SEBAGAI PERLINDUNGAN BAGI ANAK YANG BERKONFLIK DENGAN HUKUM PADA TINGKAT PENUNTUTAN DI KEJAKSAAN NEGERI KUDUS
Authors: Wicaksono Adi Hardiyanto , . Pujiyono
Published: November 2017

Anak adalah bagian yang tak terpisahkan dari keberlangsungan hidup manusia dan keberlangsungan sebuah bangsa dan Negara perlu mendapatkan perlindungan. Perlindungan bagi anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum dalam suatu sistem peradilan pidaana anak dilakukan melalui proses diversi yang berorientasi pada keadilan restorative. Pelaksanaan diversi diatur dalam Undang-Undang RI Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak yang wajib dilakukan pada setiap tingkatan mulai dari tingkat penyidikan, penuntutan, dan pemeriksaan perkara anak di pengadilan negeri dengan ketentuan yang diatur dalam UU SPPA ini. Penelitian menganalisis kebijakan formulasi hukum pidana tentang diversi sebagai perlindungan bagi anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum dalam hukum positif Indonesia, bagaimana implementasi diversi sebagai suatu perlindungan bagi anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum pada tingkat penuntutan serta kendala-kendala apa yang timbul sehubungan dengan pelaksanaan diversi di tingkat penuntutan dan upaya untuk mengatasi kendala-kendala tersebut. Metode pendekatan penelitian  yuridis empiris dan data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder. Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kebijakan formulasi hukum pidana tentang diversi sebagai perlindungan bagi anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum dalam hukum positif Indonesia yaitu dalam UU RI Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak yang berorientasi pada suatu keadilan restoratif telah sesuai dengan apa yang diamanatkan dalam Konvensi Hak-Hak Anak dan dalam pelaksanaan upaya diversi khususnya pada tingkat penuntutan telah menuju ke arah yang lebih baik dengan keluarnya Peraturan Jaksa Agung Nomor : 006/PER-006/A/J.A/04/2015 tentang Pedoman Pelaksanaan Diversi Pada Tingkat Penuntutan yang menjadi pedoman bagi jaksa dalam melakukan upaya diversi. Namun demikian dalam pelaksanaan upaya diversi tersebut yang masih terdapat kendala-kendala yang timbul baik yang sifatnya yuridis maupun teknis diantaranya kurangnya sosialisasi peraturan pemerintah mengenai pedoman pelaksanaan diversi yang baru dikeluarkan, kurangnya pemahanan para pihak mengenai pelaksanaan diversi serta kurangnya keahlian jaksa anak untuk memahami dan mengerti nilai-nilai dalam menerapkan konsep diversi yang berorientasi pada pendekatan restoratif justice sehingga untuk mengatasi kendala-kendala tersebut diperlukan perhatian dari pemerintah untuk segera mengeluarkan peraturan pelaksana yang berkaitan dengan pelaksanaan diversi, serta adanya sosialisasi bagi para pihak mengenai diversi dan diperlukan adanya pendidikan dan pelatihan khusus tentang penanganan anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum bagi para jaksa anak pada khususnya.
PENGATURAN KLAUSULA BAKU DALAM HUKUM PERJANJIAN UNTUK MENCAPAI KEADILAN BERKONTRAK
Authors: Muaziz Muhamad Hasan , Busro Achmad
Published: November 2017

Hukum perjanjian memberikan ruang kepada para pihak untuk membentuk dan menentukan isi dari perjanjian yang akan dilakukan, meski demikian, dalam penerapanya terjadi beberapa permasalahan yang sering dialami dalam menjalankan perjanjian tersebut, salah satu diantaranya adalah adanya kontrak baku. Agar tercapainya keadilan dalam berkontrak maka diperlukan pengaturan klausula baku yang digunakan di dalam perjanjian saat ini.  Klausula baku cenderung menguntungkan pihak yang membuatnya dalam hal ini adalah pihak perusahaan atau kreditur, dimana pihak kreditur memiliki waktu yang cukup banyak untuk membuat klausula perjanjian, sedangkan masyarakat/ debitur tidak memiliki ruang yang cukup untuk melakukan negosiasi atas klausula dalam perjanjian tersebut, bahkan masyarakat sendiri tidak atau bahkan belum familiar dengan istilah-istilah yang terdapat di dalam klausula baku.
KEBIJAKAN FORMULASI HUKUM PIDANA DI BIDANG PERPAJAKAN SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN PENERIMAAN NEGARA
Authors: Ningrum Diajeng Kusuma , Ispiyarso Budi , . Pujiono
Published: November 2017

Pajak merupakan bagian terbesar dari pendapatan negara dan sebagai salah satu sumber utama pembiayaan pembangunan nasional. Peranan strategis sektor perpajakan terlihat dari kecenderungan meningkatnya target yang telah dicanangkan oleh pemerintah di dalam Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara (APBN). Dalam kurun waktu lima tahun terakhir, target penerimaan negara dari sektor perpajakan meningkat sekitar 190% yaitu dari Rp. 652 trilyun pada tahun 2010 menjadi Rp. 1.246 trilyun pada tahun 2014 dan Rp. 1.244,7 trilyun (APBNP) yang ditargetkan dalam APBN Perubahan Tahun 2015.Penggunaan sanksi pidana di dalam Undang-Undang Ketentuan Umum Perpajakan, menimbulkan permasalahan hukumdalam tataran konseptual, Antaralain sebagai berikut; Bagaimana kebijakan formulasi hukum pidana di bidang perpajakan sebagai upaya peningkatan penerimaan negara saat ini, bagaimana implementasi kebijakan hukum pidana di bidang perpajakan sebagai upaya peningkatan penerimaan negara saat ini, serta bagaimanakah kebijakan formulasi di bidang perpajakan yang akan datang sebagai upaya peningkatan penerimaan negara, dengan metode pendekatan yuridis sosiologis diperoleh hasil analsis antaralain; Kebijakan kriminalisasi dan pertanggungjawaban pidana dalam tindak pidana fiskal di masa yang akan datang ditinjau dari sudut pembaharuan hukum pidana.  Pengaturan mengenai sanksi pidana yang akan dikenakan terhadap pelaku delik juga harus diformulasikan kembali sehingga dapat mencakup pidana formal seperti kurungan dan denda dan pidana informal. Selain itu pula, pembentuk undang-undang harus mempertimbangkan pengenaan sanksi yang berbeda bagi korporasi dan perorangan atau individu. Tolok ukur dari sanksi pidana ini pada akhirnya adalah efektivitas sanksi pidana untuk mencegah terjadinya suatu delik (hal ini mengacu pada teori pencegahan dalam konteks hukum penitensier) atau pun untuk mengembalikan keadaan seperti sediakala.
KETERBUKAAN INFORMASI PUBLIK DI PERBANKAN
Authors: Irianto Prima Satya , Ispriyarso Budi
Published: November 2017

Semangat meningkatkan peran publik terhadap informasi guna mewujudkan tata kelola pemerintahan yang bersih. Sehingga pemerintah bersama legislator melahirkan Undang – Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2008 Tentang Keterbukaan Informasi Publik guna melindungi hak warga Negara atas akses informasi yang dijamin oleh konstitusi. Namun disisi lain  perbankan yang menjadi penggerak sektor ekonomi mengalami kesulitan dalam mengimplementasikan  Undang – Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2008 Tentang Keterbukaan Informasi Publik. Poblem penelitian tentang penerapan peraturan perundang – undangan keterbukaan informasi di perbankan dan penerapan manajemen risiko dalam penerapan  keterbukaan informasi publik di perbankan serta ketiga keterbukaan informasi publik yang ideal  di perbankan. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis empiris. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa perbankan telah menjalankan praktek keterbukaan informasi kepada publik secara parsial  sebelum diterbitkan Undang – Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2008 Tentang Keterbukaan Informasi Publik. Produk hukum keterbukaan informasi publik ini bertentangan dengan prinsip etika  dalam perbankan (khususnya keterrbatasan pemberian keterangan) dan produk hukum lainnya. Berbagai benturan  kepentingan dalam keterbukaan informasi publik memerlukan upaya mitigasi risiko secara komprehensif. Upaya melaksanakan ketentuan informasi oleh perbankan dapat dijalankan dengan salah satu cara  penerapan informasi publik berbasiskan manajemen risiko dan pembentukan peraturan pelaksanaan keterbukaan informasi publik di perbankan yang diterbitkan oleh regulator menjadi sebuah kebutuhan. Diperlukan sebuah pembentukkan peraturan pelaksanaan keterbukaan informasi publik di perbankan guna menghindari risiko dalam pelaksanaanya sekaligus perlu dilakukan kaji ulang Undang – Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2008 Tentang Keterbukaan Informasi Publik.
IMPLIKASI KEBIJAKAN FORMULASI PENGGUNAAN ALOKASI DANA BAGI HASIL CUKAI TEMBAKAU TERHADAP PROGRAM PEMBINAAN LINGKUNGAN SOSIAL
Authors: . Suteki
Published: November 2017

Analisis terhadap hubungan hukum dan kemiskinan tidak dapat dilepaskan dari adanya konsep atau model bekerjanya hukum dalam masyarakat. Bertitik tolak dari batasan model yang tidak dikemukakan oleh Seidman, dapat diketahui dalam peranan hukum dalam mengubah dan mengarahkan perilaku atau pola-pola tingkah laku pemegang peran, dalam hal ini adalah warga masyarakat. Apabila perubahan perilaku ini dapat dilaksanakan maka hukum dalam bekerjanya dapat berfungsi sebagai sarana untuk merekayasa masyarakat (a tool of social Engineering). Dengan demikian pada tingkatan tertentu diharapkan hukum dapat menanggulangi bahkan menghapuskan kemiskinan. Berdasarkan UU No. 39 Tahun 2007 tentang Cukai, pasal 66A ayat (1), salah satu  tujuan bagi hasil cukai  pembinaan industri, pembinaan lingkungan sosial. Pendapatan cukai tentu saja tidak lepas dari jerih payah para karyawan/buruh. Setiap hari sejak subuh para buruh/karyawan sudah berangkat kerja menuju brak-brak rokok untuk membuat lintingan batang per batang. Karena itu, pemerintah daerah perlu memperjuangkan konsep regulasi teknis untuk memikirkan nasib buruh/karyawan. Jika dilihat dari tingkat kesejahteraan, kehidupan para buruh tentu masih belum seluruhnya layak. Karena itu, pemerintah kabupaten perlu memprioritaskan nasib para buruh dalam regulasi di tingkat teknis dalam pengelolaan dana bagi hasil cukai tersebut. Melakukan perbaikan nasib buruh dengan cara: (1) pemberian beasiswa bagi putra-putri buruh, (2) memberikan tambahan penghasilan (tunjangan) bagi para pendidik yang mengelola lembaga pendidikan swasta yang kebanyakan berasal dari keluarga buruh, (3) membangun sarana dan prasarana pendidikan, (4) pemberian pelayanan hibah atau kredit lunak, (5) peningkatan jaminan kesehatan, (6) peningkatan sarana dan prasarana publik yang bermanfaat baik secara langsung atau tidak langsung terhadap produktivitas pabrik-pabrik penghasil cukai, serta (7) pemberian subsidi perumahan, dana rehab atau bedah rumah bagi para buruh yang tidak memiliki rumah atau memiliki rumah yang tidak layak huni.
TANGGUNG JAWAB KOMANDO TERHADAP PELANGGARAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA (HAM) YANG BERAT DAN KEJAHATAN PERANG DALAM PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM PIDANA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Wongkar Vonny A.
Published: November 2017

Doktrin tanggung jawab komando telah ada sejak dahulu kala, yang kemudian diatur antara lain dalam Konvensi Den Haag IV tahun 1907. Doktrin ini kemudian juga digunakan dalam IMT (Tokyo Tribunal dan Nuremberg Tribunal), Statuta ICTY, Statuta ICTR, dan Statuta ICC. Di lingkup nasional doktrin ini diatur pertama kali dalam UU No.26 tahun 2000 tentang Pengadilan HAM. Ditinjau dari hal substansial yang belum terwadahi di dalam hukum nasional, khususnya KUHP, yang belum mengatur kejahatan-kejahatan paling serius yaitu, genosida, kejahatan perang, dan kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan. KUHP juga belum mengatur tentang tanggung jawab komando. Tanggung jawab komando perlu diatur dalam hukum nasional karena pada kenyataannya banyak kejahatan-kejahatan paling serius yang berhubungan dengan tanggung jawab pidana seorang komandan militer atau atasan sipil.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak adanya konsistensi para aparat penegak hukum dalam menerapkan doktrin tanggung jawab komando pada kasus-kasus pelanggaran HAM yang berat di Timor Timur dan Tanjung Priok. Hal ini antara lain desebabkan masing-masing Majelis Hakim berbeda pendapat mengenai sifat dari tanggung jawab komando apakah sebagai delik omisi atau sebagai delik komisi. Dalam kasus Tanjung Priok JPU dalam menerapkan ketentuan-ketentuan yang mengatur tentang tanggung jawab komando menimbulkan persoalan hukum, dengan menggunakan dasar dakwaannya berpedoman pada ketentuan pada KUHP, yang tidak mengatur tentang "extra ordinary crimes". Dalam konteks pembaharuan hukum pidana nasional, sudah mengatur tanggung jawab komando baik dalam pelanggaran HAM yang berat maupun kejahatan perang. Namun perumusannya dalam Pasal 401 RKUHP tahun2005 belum secara sempurna seperti yang terdapat dalam Pasal 28 ICC. Antara lain dengan ditiadakan kata "secara pidana" maka pertanggungjawaban seorang komandan militer bisa secara administratif atau disiplin. Hal ini juga memberi kesan seolah-olah tanggung jawab atasan sipil lebih berat daripada pertanggungjawaban komandan militer.Kata Kunci : Tanggung Jawab Komando, Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana
PERANAN PERATURAN DAERAH DALAM MENDUKUNG IKLIM USAHA (STUD1 KASUS Dl KABUPATEN KUDUS)
Authors: Syahir Mohammad
Published: November 2017

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menginvestigasi peran Peraturan Daerah (PERDA) sebagai produk keputusan DPRD terhadap prospek usaha. Secara spesifik penelitian ini bertujuan ; menguji hubungan antara Perda dan prospek usaha; mengekplorasi kriteria-kriteria penting yang terkait dengan PERDA berdasar pendapat responden; dan untuk mengekplorasi dimensi-dimensi penting yang diharapkan oleh pengusaha terkait dengan prospek usaha.Dengan pendekatan legal research dan socio legal research, penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan interview mendalam untuk memperoleh data. Kriteria yang digunakan untuk menentukan responden yang akan dipilih adalah bahwa responden yang bersangkutan merupakan pelaku usaha/usahawan yang tergabung dalam berbagai asosiasi seperti Kamar Dagang dan Isdustri (KADIN), Asosiasi Pengusaha Indonesia (APINDO), atau Himpunan Pengusaha Muda Indonesia (HIPMI).Hasil penelitian mi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara Perda dengan prospek bisnis. Terdapat lima faktor kunci yang menjadi kriteria penting kualitas Perda, yaitu prinsip transparansi dalam tujuan penetapan Perda; transparansi dalam hal tarif dan denda; tidak ada tumpang tindih antara satu Perda dengan Perda yang lain; Perda yang ramah dalam mendukung lingkungan usaha; dan Perda yang tepat sasaran dalam mendukung dinamika usaha. Penelitian mi juga menghasilkan berbagai dimensi penting tentang prospek usaha menurut pendapat responden.Kata Kunci: PERDA, prospek bisnis, dan kualitas PERDA.
KONTRAK BOT SEBAGAI PERJANJIAN KEBIJAKAN (BELEIDOVEREENKOMST)
Authors: Adha Lalu Hadi
Published: November 2017

BOT (Build Operate Transfer) sebagai bentuk perjanjian kebijakan yang diadakan oleh pemerintah dengan pihak swasta merupakan perbuatan hukum oleh badan atau pejabat tata usaha Negara yang menjadikan kebijakan publik  sebagai objek perjanjian. Badan-badan atau pejabat tata usaha Negara dalam melaksanakan hubungan kontrak dengan pihak swasta selalu bertindak melalui dua macam peranan, satu sisi bertindak selaku hukum publik (public actor) disisi lain bertindak selaku hukum keperdataan. Isi pokok dari transaksi tersebut adalah menegaskan bagaimana hubungan hukum pemerintah. Sejak transaksi berada di bawah hukum privat, maka hubungan tersebut adalah hubungan kontraktual. Hubungan tersebut menghasilkan hak dan kewajiban dari kedua belah pihak. Jika salah satu pihak tidak memenuhi kewajiban, maka hal ini menimbulkan wanprestasi yang merugikan pihak yang lain. Pihak yang dirugikan berhak mengajukan gugatan kepada pihak yang lalai memenuhi kewajiban Hasil dari penelitian ini, pemerintah sebagai pihak dalam perjanjian BOT tidak sama posisinya seperti pihak swasta sebagai pihak yang lain. Dalam kenyataannya pemerintah bisa digugat. Menurut pasal 50 Undang-undang No.1 tahun 2004 tentang perbendaharaan negara, bagaimanapun yang termasuk dalam aset negara tidak dapat disita.  Pihak swsata sebagai pihak yang dirugikan, walaupun mungkin memenangkan perkara tetapi pihak swasta tidak dapat mendapatkan apapun menurut undang-undang tersebut.  Kata kunci : Kontrak BOT dan Perjanjian Kebijakan
EKSISTENSI GAMBANG SEMARANG DAN PERLINDUNGAN HUKUMNYA MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG HAK CIPTA
Authors: Chasanah Noor
Published: November 2017

ABSTRAKGambang Semarang merupakan salah satu folklor Indonesia yangdidalamnya mencakup seni musik, vocal, tari dan lawak yang dilindungi olehUndang-Undang Hak Cipta. Pasal 10 Ayat (2) UUHC menetapkan bahwa HakCipta atas lagu, tarian dan karya seni lainnya yang ada di Indonesia dipegang olehnegara. Namun sayangnya, kelahiran Undang-Undang Hak Cipta No. 19 Tahun2002 ini ternyata tidak diiringi dengan kesadaran dan pemahaman terhadapperlindungan Hak Cipta terhadap seni pertunjukan Gambang Semarang itu sendiri.Untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan hukum ini, maka penulis dalam melakukanpenelitian menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis empiris.Permasalahan yang timbul mengenai bagaimanakah eksistensi GambangSemarang dan karakteristik apa yang dimilikinya sebagai warisan budaya yangmembedakannya dengan Gambang Semarang modifikasi kreatifitas seniman.Gambang Semarang merupakan seni pertunjukan hasil akulturasi kesenian Jawadan Cina. Keberadaannya sangat memprihatinkan karena adanya pergeseran nilaisosial dan budaya, kurangnya pemahaman hak cipta, oleh karena itu perlupemahaman masyarakat dan seniman tradisional akan pentingnya keseniantradisional sebagai aset folklor kota Semarang.Kedudukan Gambang Semarang dalam perwujudan aslinya menurutUUHC No 19 Tahun 2002 merupakan folklor yang dilindungi oleh negarasebagaimana telah tertuang dalam Pasal 10 Ayat (2) bahwa negara negaramemegang Hak Cipta atas folklor karena Gambang Semarang merupakankesenian tradisional yang turun temurun, hasil kebudayaan rakyat, penciptanyatidak diketahui, belum berorientasi pasar dan hak kolektif komunal.Sedangkan untuk karya seni kreatifitas Gambang Semarang yang telahdimodifikasi dilindungi oleh UUHC sebagaimana yang tertuang dalam Pasal 12ayat (1) bahwa seni musik,lagu tari termasuk dalam jenis ciptaan yang dilindungimaka Gambang Semarang layak mendapatkan perlindungan Hak Cipta.Langkah–langkah Pemerintah Daerah Kota dalam memberikanperlindungan terhadap Gambang Semarang adalah memberikan sosialisasi UUHCNo 19 Tahun 2002 kepada seniman tradisional melalui Dinas kebudayaan danPariwisata setempat dan mengadakan pelatihan serta lomba-lomba. Untukmewujudkan perlindungan Gambang Semarang sebagai warisan budayaseharusnya Pemerintah Kota Semarang perlu membuat peraturan daerah atausetidaknya SK sebagai realisasi Pasal 10 ayat (2) UUHC Tahun 2002 dan harusada APBD secara optimal demi keberhasilan upaya revitalisasi GambangSemarang serta kerjasama dengan seluruh pihak industri kesenian dalam hal iniswasta sebagai perwujudan program kepedulian sosial (Corporate SocialResponsibility) dalam bentuk memberikan kompensasi yang layak sebagai wujudperlindungan hukum atas seniman tradisional yaitu dengan berpartisipasi dalammendorong perkembangan kesenian tradisional. Serta mengadakan inventarisasifolklor.Kata Kunci :Gambang Semarang, Folklor, Perlindungan Hak Cipta.