bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Grouting Reinforcement on Settlement of Existing Tunnels: Case Study of a New Crossing Underpass
Authors: Qi Yongjie , Wei Gang , Xie Yu , Wang Qin
Published: March 2021

In the construction of the new shield tunnels crossing existing tunnels, grouting rings are often installed in the existing tunnels for protection. To study the effect of grouting rings on the settlement of existing tunnels, the variations of soil properties and relevant parameters before and after the grouting are analyzed. By considering the effect of the grouting ring on the reduction of the stress and the reinforcement of the surrounding foundation soil, the stress reduction model of the heterogeneous soil layer and the model of the tunnel settlement calculation are proposed. The formula for the reduction of the stress after passing through the grouting ring is deduced. Moreover, by comprehensively taking the influences of the shield excavation and grouting ring into account, the formula for calculating the vertical displacement of the existing tunnel caused by the excavation of the new tunnel is derived. Further, the impacts of the length and the thickness of the grouting ring on the settlement of the existing tunnel are studied. The results of the theoretical calculation method proposed herein are well consistent with the data computed by the finite element model, and both follow a relatively similar change trend. According to the obtained results, installing the grouting ring on the existing tunnel can effectively reduce the tunnel settlement. Finally, the results demonstrate that increasing the length and the thickness of the grouting ring can strengthen the protection of the existing tunnel, but the effect gradually decreases.
Lightweight Secure Authentication and Key Distribution Scheme for Vehicular Cloud Computing
Authors: Goumidi Hadjer , Harous Saad , Aliouat Zibouda , Gueroui Abdelhak Mourad
Published: March 2021

A vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) is the basic block in building an intelligent transportation system that improves the traffic flow and makes needed information conveniently accessible. VANET depends on a dense exchange of sensed data between vehicles and Road Side Units (RSUs). A large amount of sensed data requires a huge computation and storage capabilities, which is provided by the vehicular cloud computing (VCC). However, the security problems of data confidentiality, access control, vehicles’ authentication, and conductors’ privacy in VCC are issues that need to be solved. In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm to ensure VCC security and privacy. We use Pseudo-ID instead of vehicles’ real ID to provide conductors’ privacy, Identifier-Based Signature mechanism is used to guarantee vehicles’ authentication, and Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) algorithm is used for key distribution. Our liGhtweight secURe AutheNticaTion and keY distribution scheme for vehicular cloud computing (GUARANTY) ensures a secure keys distribution to minimize the encryption and decryption computation cost. Vehicles use a symmetrical cryptography in their communication. We analyze the security of our algorithm using AVISPA tool. We use this tool to simulate insiders and outsiders attacks. We evaluate our algorithm’s performance in terms of computation delay and reception rate.
Place Branding—The Challenges of Getting It Right: Coping with Success and Rebuilding from Crises
Authors: Skinner Heather
Published: March 2021

A focus on continued year-on-year economic growth was beginning to be seen as unsustainable even before the COVID-19 crisis forced many tourism destinations to rethink their marketing and branding. This paper adopts a critical marketing stance to explore the relationship between place branding and two recent extreme conditions affecting the tourism industry: overtourism, as exemplified when the issue became headline news in popular media from the summer of 2017, as many examples were offered of places struggling to cope with their success; and the COVID-19 crisis that effectively brought global tourism to a standstill in 2020, as the industry attempts to rebuild from this current unprecedented crisis. This article is not designed to suggest normative place-branding strategies. Rather, through the presentation of an original model that conceptualizes the cyclical process of rebuilding from crises and coping with success, it aims to provide a warning that whatever place-branding strategies are implemented in a post-pandemic world, for whatever type of tourism, in whatever type of destination, a rein must be employed in order that the drive for recovery from undertourism through successful place branding does not lead to the return of overtourism.
The Five-Year Prospective Study of Quality of Life in Hemifacial Spasm Treated with Abo-Botulinum Toxin A
Authors: Kongsaengdao Subsai , Maneeton Narong , Maneeton Benchalak
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to determine the long-term quality of life (QoL) in hemifacial spasm (HFS) patients after treating with Abo-botulinum toxin A (Abo-BTX). The study assessed the disease-specific QoL (hemifacial spasm questionnaire 30 items; HFS 30), the involuntary movements (abnormal involuntary movement scale; AIMS), general health QoL (Medical Outcomes 36-Item Short Form Health Survey; SF-36), and Depression (the Center of Epidemiologic Studies-Depression questionnaire; CES-D). A total of 74 HFS patients were enrolled from 2012 to 2017. The disease-specific QoL; involuntary movements; and the general health domain of SF 36 were significantly improved after injections of Abo-BTX A in the first few years (p < 0.04), but significantly decreased at the fifth year of treatment without significant clinical resistance observed (p < 0.001). Only the general health domain of SF 36 showed persistent improvement over five years (p = 0.02). In summary, Abo-BTX A can improved quality of life in the first few years; however only the general health domain of SF-36 showed significant improvement over five years (p = 0.02). No clinical resistance was observed.
Isolation and Characterisation of Bacteriophages with Activity against Invasive Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Causing Bloodstream Infection in Malawi
Authors: Rodwell Ella V. , Wenner Nicolas , Pulford Caisey V. , Cai Yueyi , Bowers-Barnard Arthur , Beckett Alison , Rigby Jonathan , Picton David M. , Blower Tim R. , Feasey Nicholas A. , Hinton Jay C. D. , Perez-Sepulveda Blanca M.
Published: March 2021

In recent years, novel lineages of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis have been identified in patients with bloodstream infection in Sub-Saharan Africa. Here, we isolated and characterised 32 phages capable of infecting S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis, from water sources in Malawi and the UK. The phages were classified in three major phylogenetic clusters that were geographically distributed. In terms of host range, Cluster 1 phages were able to infect all bacterial hosts tested, whereas Clusters 2 and 3 had a more restricted profile. Cluster 3 contained two sub-clusters, and 3.b contained the most novel isolates. This study represents the first exploration of the potential for phages to target the lineages of Salmonella that are responsible for bloodstream infections in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Temporal and Spatial Epidemiological Analysis of Peste Des Petits Ruminants Outbreaks from the Past 25 Years in Sheep and Goats and Its Control in India
Authors: Balamurugan Vinayagamurthy , Vinod Kumar Kirubakaran , Dheeraj Ramesh , Kurli Rashmi , Suresh Kuralayanapalya Puttahonnappa , Govindaraj GurrappaNaidu , Shome Bibek Ranjan , Roy Parimal
Published: March 2021

This study was aimed to understand the temporal and spatial epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in India using national surveillance data available in the National Animal Diseases Referral Expert System (NADRES) along with its control plan undertaken. On analysis of the outbreaks/cases reports in sheep and goats in NADRES database from 1995 to 2019, it was observed that PPR features among the top ten diseases and stands first among viral diseases, and among reported deaths, PPR accounts for 36% of mortality in sheep and goats. PPR outbreaks occur round the year in all the seasons but are encountered most frequently during the lean period especially, in the winter season (January to February) in different regions/zones. The reported outbreaks have been progressively declined in most of the states in India due to the implementation of a mass vaccination strategic program since 2011. On state-wise analysis, the PPR risk-areas showed wide variations with different levels of endemicity. Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, and Karnataka were the top three outbreaks reported states during 1995–2010, whereas Jharkhand and West Bengal states reported more outbreaks during 2011–2015 and 2016–2019 periods. The temporal and spatial distribution of PPR in India provides valuable information on the hotspot areas/zones to take appropriate policy decisions towards its prevention and control in different regions/zones of India. The study also identifies when and where intensive surveillance and vaccination along with biosecurity measures need to be implemented for the control and eradication of the disease from India in consonance with the PPR Global Control and Eradication Strategy.
Genome Sequence Analysis of First Ross River Virus Isolate from Papua New Guinea Indicates Long-Term, Local Evolution
Authors: Michie Alice , Mackenzie John S. , Smith David W. , Imrie Allison
Published: March 2021

Ross River virus (RRV) is the most medically significant mosquito-borne virus of Australia, in terms of human morbidity. RRV cases, characterised by febrile illness and potentially persistent arthralgia, have been reported from all Australian states and territories. RRV was the cause of a large-scale epidemic of multiple Pacific Island countries and territories (PICTs) from 1979 to 1980, involving at least 50,000 cases. Historical evidence of RRV seropositivity beyond Australia, in populations of Papua New Guinea (PNG), Indonesia and the Solomon Islands, has been documented. We describe the genomic characterisation and timescale analysis of the first isolate of RRV to be sampled from PNG to date. Our analysis indicates that RRV has evolved locally within PNG, independent of Australian lineages, over an approximate 40 year period. The mean time to most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of the unique PNG clade coincides with the initiation of the PICTs epidemic in mid-1979. This may indicate that an ancestral variant of the PNG clade was seeded into the region during the epidemic, a period of high RRV transmission. Further epidemiological and molecular-based surveillance is required in PNG to better understand the molecular epidemiology of RRV in the general Australasian region.
First Outbreak of an H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus on a Chicken Farm in Japan in 2020
Authors: Sakuma Saki , Uchida Yuko , Kajita Momoyo , Tanikawa Taichiro , Mine Junki , Tsunekuni Ryota , Saito Takehiko
Published: March 2021

On 5 November 2020, a confirmed outbreak due to an H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) occurred at an egg-hen farm in Kagawa prefecture (western Japan). This virus, A/chicken/Kagawa/11C/2020 (Kagawa11C2020), was the first HPAI poultry isolate in Japan in 2020 and had multiple basic amino acids—a motif conferring high pathogenicity to chickens—at the hemagglutinin cleavage site. Mortality of chickens was 100% through intravenous inoculation tests performed according to World Organization for Animal Health criteria. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the hemagglutinin of Kagawa11C2020 belongs to clade 2.3.4.4B of the H5 Goose/Guangdong lineage and clusters with H5N8 HPAIVs isolated from wild bird feces collected in Hokkaido (Japan) and Korea in October 2020. These H5N8 HPAIVs are closely related to H5N8 HPAIVs isolated in European countries during the winter of 2019–2020. Intranasal inoculation of chickens with 106 fifty-percent egg infectious doses of Kagawa11C2020 revealed that the 50% chicken lethal dose was 104.63 and the mean time to death was 134.4 h. All infected chickens demonstrated viral shedding beginning on 2 dpi—before clinical signs were observed. These results suggest that affected chickens could transmit Kagawa11C2020 to surrounding chickens in the absence of clinical signs for several days before they died.
Across the Hall from Pioneers
Authors: Rein Alan
Published: March 2021

I was fortunate to be associated with the lab of Stephen Oroszlan at the US National Cancer Institute from ~1982 until his conversion to Emeritus status in 1995. His lab made groundbreaking discoveries on retroviral proteins during that time, including many features that could not have been inferred or anticipated from straightforward sequence information. Building on the Oroszlan lab results, my colleagues and I demonstrated that the zinc fingers in nucleocapsid proteins play a crucial role in genomic RNA encapsidation; that the N-terminal myristylation of the Gag proteins of many retroviruses is important for their association with the plasma membrane before particle assembly is completed; and that gammaretroviruses initially synthesize their Env protein as an inactive precursor and then truncate the cytoplasmic tail of the transmembrane protein, activating Env fusogenicity, during virus maturation. We also elucidated several aspects of the mechanism of translational suppression in pol gene expression in gammaretroviruses; amazingly, this is a fundamentally different mechanism of suppression from that in most other retroviral genera.
Safety and Immunogenicity of Adenovirus and Poxvirus Vectored Vaccines against a Mycobacterium Avium Complex Subspecies
Authors: Folegatti Pedro M. , Flaxman Amy , Jenkin Daniel , Makinson Rebecca , Kingham-Page Lucy , Bellamy Duncan , Ramos Lopez Fernando , Sheridan Jonathan , Poulton Ian , Aboagye Jeremy , Tran Nguyen , Mitton Celia , Roberts Rachel , Lawrie Alison M. , Hill Adrian V. S. , Ewer Katie J. , Gilbert Sarah
Published: March 2021

Heterologous prime-boost strategies are known to substantially increase immune responses in viral vectored vaccines. Here we report on safety and immunogenicity of the poxvirus Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vectored vaccine expressing four Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis antigens as a single dose or as a booster vaccine following a simian adenovirus (ChAdOx2) prime. We demonstrate that a heterologous prime-boost schedule is well tolerated and induced T-cell immune responses.
Factor Influences for Diagnosis and Vaccination of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (Gammacoronavirus) in Chickens
Authors: Bhuiyan Md. Safiul Alam , Amin Zarina , Bakar Ag Muhammad Sagaf Abu , Saallah Suryani , Yusuf Noor Hydayaty Md. , Shaarani Sharifudin Md. , Siddiquee Shafiquzzaman
Published: March 2021

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a major economic problem in commercial chicken farms with acute multiple-system infection, especially in respiratory and urogenital systems. A live-attenuated and killed vaccine is currently immunized to control IBV infection; however, repeated outbreaks occur in both unvaccinated and vaccinated birds due to the choice of inadequate vaccine candidates and continuous emergence of novel infectious bronchitis (IB) variants and failure of vaccination. However, similar clinical signs were shown in different respiratory diseases that are essential to improving the diagnostic assay to detect IBV infections. Various risk factors involved in the failure of IB vaccination, such as various routes of application of vaccination, the interval between vaccinations, and challenge with various possible immunosuppression of birds are reviewed. The review article also highlights and updates factors affecting the diagnosis of IBV disease in the poultry industry with differential diagnosis to find the nature of infections compared with non-IBV diseases. Therefore, it is essential to monitor the common reasons for failed IBV vaccinations with preventive action, and proper diagnostic facilities for identifying the infective stage, leading to earlier control and reduced economic losses from IBV disease.
Color Can Shorten Breakthrough Times in Continuous Flash Suppression through Increased Salience and Task Relevance
Authors: Valuch Christian
Published: March 2021

Color can enhance the perception of relevant stimuli by increasing their salience and guiding visual search towards stimuli that match a task-relevant color. Using Continuous Flash Suppression (CFS), the current study investigated whether color facilitates the discrimination of targets that are difficult to perceive due to interocular suppression. Gabor patterns of two or four cycles per degree (cpd) were shown as targets to the non-dominant eye of human participants. CFS masks were presented at a rate of 10 Hz to the dominant eye, and participants had the task to report the target’s orientation as soon as they could discriminate it. The 2-cpd targets were robustly suppressed and resulted in much longer response times compared to 4-cpd targets. Moreover, only for 2-cpd targets, two color-related effects were evident. First, in trials where targets and CFS masks had different colors, targets were reported faster than in trials where targets and CFS masks had the same color. Second, targets with a known color, either cyan or yellow, were reported earlier than targets whose color was randomly cyan or yellow. The results suggest that the targets’ entry to consciousness may have been speeded by color-mediated effects relating to increased (bottom-up) salience and (top-down) task relevance.
Improving Spatial Landslide Prediction with 3D Slope Stability Analysis and Genetic Algorithm Optimization: Application to the Oltrepò Pavese
Authors: Palazzolo Nunziarita , Peres David , Bordoni Massimiliano , Meisina Claudia , Creaco Enrico , Cancelliere Antonino
Published: March 2021

In this study, we compare infinite slope and the three-dimensional stability analysis performed by SCOOPS 3D (software to analyze three-dimensional slope stability throughout a digital landscape). SCOOPS 3D is a model proposed by the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS), the potentialities of which have still not been investigated sufficiently. The comparison between infinite slope and 3D slope stability analysis is carried out using the same hydrological analysis, which is performed with TRIGRS (transient rainfall infiltration and grid-based regional slope-stability model)—another model proposed by USGS. The SCOOPS 3D model requires definition of a series of numerical parameters that can have a significant impact on its own performance, for a given set of physical properties. In the study, we calibrate these numerical parameters through a multi-objective optimization based on genetic algorithms to maximize the model predictability performance in terms of statistics of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) confusion matrix. This comparison is carried out through an application on a real case study, a catchment in the Oltrepò Pavese (Italy), in which the areas of triggered landslides were accurately monitored during an extreme rainfall on 27–28 April 2009. Results show that the SCOOPS 3D model performs better than the 1D infinite slope stability analysis, as the ROC True Skill Statistic increases from 0.09 to 0.37. In comparison to other studies, we find the 1D model performs worse, likely for the availability of less detailed geological data. On the other side, for the 3D model we find even better results than the two other studies present to date in the scientific literature. This is to be attributed to the optimization process we proposed, which allows to have a greater gain of performance passing from the 1D to the 3D simulation, in comparison to the above-mentioned studies, where no optimization has been applied. Thus, our study contributes to improving the performances of landslide models, which still remain subject to many uncertainty factors.
Is It a Drought or Only a Fluctuation in Precipitation Patterns?—Drought Reconnaissance in Poland
Authors: Karamuz Emilia , Bogdanowicz Ewa , Senbeta Tesfaye , Napiórkowski Jarosław , Romanowicz Renata
Published: March 2021

The process of propagation from meteorological to hydrological drought is studied using the Vistula basin in Poland (193,960 km2) as a case study. The study aims to set a background for the analysis of processes influencing drought propagation in the basin, including the availability of data on hydro-meteorological factors, groundwater, and major human activities that might influence the water cycle in the region. A recent history of drought events in the basin is derived based on a statistical analysis of flow measured at nine gauging stations located along the river, starting from upstream downwards in the 1951–2018 period. The study is enhanced by the analysis of the temporal and spatial variability of a number of drought indices. As a result, the factors affecting temporal and spatial variability of drought—with particular emphasis on the interaction between the variability induced by natural processes and human interaction—are identified. The drought dynamics is studied by analysis of the relationships between meteorological and hydrological drought indices. The results indicate that the Vistula River basin has been influenced in its upstream part mainly by the mining industry, and the middle and downstream parts are additionally affected by industry and agriculture.
Dispersion Plumes in Open Ocean Disposal Sites of Dredged Sediment
Authors: Fernandes Elisa , da Silva Pablo , Gonçalves Glauber , Möller Osmar
Published: March 2021

Management of estuarine systems under anthropogenic pressures related to port settlement and development requires thorough understanding about the long-term sediment dynamics in the area. In an era of growing shipping traffic and of ever larger ships; millions of tons of bottom sediments are dredged annually all over the world and the major question concerning dredging operations is not whether they should be done, because it is obvious that they are extremely important and necessary, but where the dredged sediments can be disposed of with the least possible ecological impact. The present study involves the evaluation of transport trends of dredged material from a turbid estuary disposed of in four different open ocean disposal sites using numerical model techniques, aiming to contribute to minimizing potential environmental impacts and maximizing efficiency of the dredging operation. The study is carried out in southern Brazil, investigating the fate of dredged material from the Port of Rio Grande, located inside the Patos Lagoon estuary. Simulations were carried with the TELEMAC-3D model coupled with the suspended sediment (SEDI-3D) module and incorporating results from the wave module (TOMAWAC) to evaluate the dispersion of the suspended sediment plume and its interaction with coastal currents. This modeling structure proved to be a valuable tool to study the hydrodynamics and sediment transport pathways in estuarine and coastal areas. Results indicate that the natural Patos Lagoon coastal plume was observed under the predominant ebb flows and NE winds, promoting fine sediment entrapment south of the mouth of the lagoon (in front of Cassino Beach). The dispersion plumes in the disposal sites responded to the wind intensity and direction and did not present any transport tendency towards Cassino Beach. Part of the dredged sediment disposed of in the proposed alternative sites located in deeper areas (Sites B and C) left the site and was transported parallel to the coast (SW–NE direction) according to the wind direction (NE–SW). The area where the disposal sites were located took around 4 days to recover from the dredging operation and reach the usual suspended sediment concentrations and the actual Port of Rio Grande Licensed Site for dredged material proved to be the best alternative among the investigated options.
Driving Forces of Food Consumption Water Footprint in North China
Authors: Liu Yang , Lin Jianyi , Li Huimei , Huang Ruogu , Han Hui
Published: March 2021

The water footprint (WF) vividly links water resources with virtual water of food, providing a novel perspective on food demand and water resources management. This study estimates the per capita WF of food consumption for six provinces in North China. Then, the study applies the logarithmic mean Divisia index method to decompose the driving forces of their WF changes. Results show that the per capita WF of food consumption in Beijing, Tianjin, and Inner Mongolia increases significantly in 2005–2017, whereas that in the other three provinces in North China varies slightly. All provinces have shown the same trend of food structure changes: the grain decreased, whereas the meat increased. In general, the urban effect was positive, and the rural effect was negative for all regions. The urban effects in Beijing and Tianjin played a leading role, whereas the rural effects in the other four provinces played a leading role from 2005–2009. However, the urban effects in all provinces played a leading role in 2010–2017. The WF efficiency increased in each province, and the effect in urban areas is stronger due to the higher water use efficiency. For most provinces, the consumption structure was positive because the diet shifted toward more meat consumption. The food consumption per capita effect was the major driving force in Beijing and Tianjin due to the increased consumption level, whereas the population proportion effect exerted a weak effect. To alleviate the pressure on water resources, further improving water use efficiency in food production and changing the planting structure should be emphasized for all regions in North China.
The “Problem” of New Orleans and Diminishing Sustainability of Mississippi River Management—Future Options
Authors: Day John , Hunter Rachael , Kemp G. , Moerschbaecher Matthew , Brantley Christopher
Published: March 2021

Climate change forcings are having significant impacts in coastal Louisiana today and increasingly affect the future of New Orleans, a deltaic city mostly below sea level, which depends on levee and pumps to protect from a host of water-related threats. Precipitation has increased in the Mississippi River basin generally, increasing runoff, so that in recent years the Mississippi River has been above flood stage for longer periods of time both earlier and later in the year, increasing the likelihood that hurricane surge, traditionally confined to summer and fall, may compound effects of prolonged high water on river levees. The Bonnet Carré Spillway, just upstream of New Orleans has been operated more often and for longer periods of time in recent years than ever before in its nearly 100-year history. Because all rain that falls within the city must be pumped out, residents have been exposed to interior flooding more frequently as high-intensity precipitation events can occur in any season. A sustainable path for New Orleans should involve elevating people and sensitive infrastructure above flood levels, raising some land levels, and creating water storage areas within the city. Management of the lower Mississippi River in the future must include consideration that the river will exceed its design capacity on a regular basis. The river must also be used to restore coastal wetlands through the use of diversions, which will also relieve pressure on levees.
Reservoir Sediment Management Using Artificial Neural Networks: A Case Study of the Lower Section of the Alpine Saalach River
Authors: Reisenbüchler Markus , Bui Minh Duc , Rutschmann Peter
Published: March 2021

Reservoir sedimentation is a critical issue worldwide, resulting in reduced storage volumes and, thus, reservoir efficiency. Moreover, sedimentation can also increase the flood risk at related facilities. In some cases, drawdown flushing of the reservoir is an appropriate management tool. However, there are various options as to how and when to perform such flushing, which should be optimized in order to maximize its efficiency and effectiveness. This paper proposes an innovative concept, based on an artificial neural network (ANN), to predict the volume of sediment flushed from the reservoir given distinct input parameters. The results obtained from a real-world study area indicate that there is a close correlation between the inputs—including peak discharge and duration of flushing—and the output (i.e., the volume of sediment). The developed ANN can readily be applied at the real-world study site, as a decision-support system for hydropower operators.
On the Reasonable Nature Management in the Economy and Other Spheres of Human Activity
Authors:   State University of Management, Persianov Vladimir A. , Kurbatova Anna V. ,   State University of Management, Gainochenko Tatyana M. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

The article dwells on a complex of issues related to rational use of natural resources. It is shown that development of the economy requires not only clear state goal-setting, serious technical and economic calculations, but also other types of substantiations. The cost of goods and services has not yet been thoroughly studied. Pricing in its entirity does not take into account material components that initially exist by nature and are created without human participation. The role of environmental factors in development of economic and other social sciences is revealed
Modern World Crisis and Russia: Diagnostics and Status of Overcoming
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sukharev Oleg S.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the study is to generalize the conditions that provoke the economic recession of 2020, taking into account the analysis of the pre-crisis dynamics of the Russian economy according to the parameters characterizing its innovative and technological development. The method of studying the relationships between the relevant development parameters is econometric modeling and regression analysis, which allow to identify the specific characteristics of the crisis in the innovative and technological development of the Russian economy. The analysis of the pre-crisis pattern of the movement of labor resources distracted from old industries in favor of new activities, and created specifically for new types of production. The sensitivity of the level of manufacturability to investments in old and new technologies, the influence of innovative agents on the economic dynamics in Russia are determined. The result of the study is the quantitative estimates obtained, which for the Russian economy, in comparison, for example, with other countries confirm the folding of the innovation process in its systemic dimension. Therefore, the diagnosis of the state of this sphere gives a conclusion about its crisis state. The decrease in the rate of economic growth in Russia was accompanied by a decrease in the number of innovative agents, the diversion of resources from old industries decreased, as did the creation of a new labor resource for new industries.
War and World: Analysis of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Terms of Hybrid War. Psychoevotional Factors and Psychomatic Medicine in Combating SARS-CoV-2
Authors:   Fund for the Development of Professional Qualifications of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation, Epikhina Svetlana B. ,   Personnel Committee of the Board of Directors VCIOM.
Published: March 2021

The article provides a systematic analysis of the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of the theory of hybrid warfare, identifies the factors of psycho-emotional impact on citizens and society of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The author has formed a hypothesis of the specific influence of the psychoemotional factor in the context of a hybrid war on the example of the COVID-19 pandemic on a global scale, country, society, person; the key directions for preparing the Russian control system for “viral” crises (“second wave”, pandemic, biological warfare, etc.) are highlighted. The critical importance of the integrity of approaches to a person in medicine, an interdisciplinary approach not only to diagnosis, but also to treatment, rehabilitation, accompanying patients and their families — these are new social values
Reform of Control and Supervisory Activities: How to Build a Risk Management System in Higher Education?
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Ponomareva Ekaterina A. , Savina Aleksandra D. ,   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)
Published: March 2021

The reform of control and supervision activities, which began in 2019, implies a significant revision of the mandatory requirements system, as well as reduction of administrative burden through introducing a risk-based approach. This article analyzes results of inspections carried out by The Federal Service for the Supervision of Education and Science (Rosobrnadzor), as well as data from monitoring the activities efficiency of higher education institutions in 2015–2019. Based on this analysis, the authors identify a list of indicators that can be used as risk indicators in transition to risk-oriented regulation of educational activities of higher educational establishments.
Insolence of Interpretation
Authors:   Institute for Economic Strategies, Ageev Aleksandr I.
Published: March 2021

Opening address of the Editor-in-chief
Eiguliai, one of Rimutė Rimantienė’s first excavations – a revised interpretation
Authors: Gudaitienė Gabrielė
Published: March 2021

The Final Palaeolithic site at Eiguliai in Central Lithuania, was monitored by Konstantinas Jablonskis and his daughter, Rimutė Jablonskytė (Rimantienė), when she was already in her teens. By the late 1940s, the site had been partly destroyed, but not before yielding many surface finds. She, therefore, decided to obtain as much archaeological data as possible. Rimantienė’s excavations at the Eiguliai 1 site became one of the very first investigations of her career. The collected lithic assemblage suddenly became a reference in researching Swiderian culture sites. The Eiguliai site was well known to scientists from the Eastern Baltic countries as well as to colleagues in Western Europe. As time passed and new excavation methods appeared, the site, which had been recorded only by several pictures and trench plans and where most of the material had been collected from the sandy surface, came to be regarded as not informative enough and ceded its importance to other newly discovered Swiderian sites. However, during the past five years, with the help of consultations with Rimantienė, the archaeological data from Eiguliai was reviewed and the discussion resumed. The aim of this publication is to present the entire lithic collection of morphological tools ascribed to the earliest stage of the site’s occupation, along with some new insights into the archaeological data from Eiguliai. The site is considered to have been a place that was visited multiple times for hunting purposes. While the Swiderian culture assemblage predominates, the possibility of discussing an even earlier visit pre-dating the Swiderian culture is considered. Various remains of archaeological features once recorded at the site are reviewed and their interpretation is clarified: there are probably only a few features that could be ascribed to the Stone Age, contrary to what had been previously proposed. An analysis of the lithic assemblage has shown that people had probably brought flint material to the site, but did not stay there for long, and made quick decisions when tools needed to be produced.
Online Supplement to “Categorization of Medication Safety Errors in Ambulatory Electronic Health Records”
Authors: Zimmer Karen , Classen David , Cole Jessica
Published: March 2021

This supplementary material has been provided by the authors to give readers additional information about their work.
Montants versés au titre du Rsa et nombre de bénéficiaires. Vers une convergence des évolutions
Authors: Cazain Sophie
Published: March 2021

Whatever the period considered, the amounts paid out in Active Solidarity Income follow a much steeper evolution than the number of recipients of this benefit. The apparent disconnect between these two trends is a regular subject of questions and calls for explanation by the Departemental government bodies in charge of funding this provision, and by the Family Allowance Funds, which manage it. Using a precise method, the two trends can be shown to be convergent, by controlling for two main factors : changes in the Active Solidarity Income scale, and reforms of the tax system. These have different effects on the evolution in the amounts paid out in Active Solidarity Income and on the one in the number of corresponding recipients.
Médicalisation de l’alimentation du nourrisson au Canada. Une revue de littérature sociohistorique
Authors: Vallières Alain
Published: March 2021

This article reviews the historical milestones in the medicalization of infant feeding in Canada. Its main objective is to specifically discuss the influence of medical discourses and practices on the loss of women’s experience-based knowledge of maternal breastfeeding. Four turning points, echoing the analytical timescale of the epidemiologists Tasnim Nathoo and Aleck Ostry, will be presented : the advent of artificial baby food (1850 – 1900), the medicalization of infant feeding (1900 – 1960), the institutionalization of childbirth and the de-medicalization movement (1960 – 1980), and the ‘ rediscovery’ of maternal breastfeeding (1980 – now).
La catégorisation au cœur de l’activité avec des tout-petits. Manières de dire et manières de faire le travail dans les crèches
Authors: Ulmann Anne-Lise , Odena Sophie
Published: March 2021

This article presents the ways in which professionals working in daycare centers resort to categories to address or characterize, individually or collectively, the children in their keeping, and their work colleagues. Through the example of meals, this analysis highlights these categories different uses by professionals to adjust workload, assess their colleagues’ skills, and respond to the many expectations of parents. Three of them, linked to the nursery attendance schedules, display the relationship that the professionals build with the children. They serve to underline the importance of collective regulations to prevent categorization turning into a process of stigmatization. By revealing their functional dimensions for action, these categories bring to light meshing and merging of the various dimensions of this work, from tasks to be executed to the social implications of childminding.
On the Recurrence Properties of Generalized Tribonacci Sequence
Authors: Soykan Yüksel
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we investigate the recurrence properties of the generalized Tribonacci sequence and present how the generalized Tribonacci sequence at negative indices can be expressed by the sequence itself at positive indices.
Organized crime as a threat to national security
Authors: Dalinczuk Lana
Published: March 2021

All kinds of illegal trafficking, prostitution, pornography, gambling, fraud and counterfeiting, computer crime, corruption, piracy, illegal immigration and many other criminal activities can pose a threat to national and even international security if conducted by larger criminal groups or organizations. The phenomenon of organized crime has acquired a transnational character due to the increasing globalization of financial markets and communications as well as technological development. The three countries of East Central Europe – The Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland – can be of interest in terms of organized crime as recent political and economic developments in these countries have made them attractive to such criminal activities. Another problematic region in terms of organized criminal activities is the region of Central Asia which includes several countries of the former Soviet Union – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
Genetik algoritma yöntemiyle dairesel cepli hidrostatik kaymalı yatakların optimizasyonu
Authors: CANBULUT Fazıl , ERDOĞUŞ Hakan Burçin
Published: March 2021

Endüstride eksenel pistonlu motor ve pompalarda kullanılan kayıcı pabuçlar, çalışma esnasında hidrostatik eksenel kaymalı yatak davranışı göstermektedir. Literatürde, bu pompa ve motorların toplam güç ihtiyacını minimum ve sistemin rijitliğini maksimum olmasını amaçlayan çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, hidrostatik eksenel kaymalı yatak için teorik analiz ve deneysel bulgulardan optimum tasarım parametreleri ve çalışma şartları belirlenmiştir. Deneysel çalışma koşulları, teorik sınırlamalarla birlikte ele alınarak çoklu kriter analizi gerçekleştirmek amacıyla yapay zeka optimizasyon yöntemlerinden biri olan genetik algoritma tekniği kullanılmıştır. Genetik algoritma optimizasyonu, çalışma şartlarını ve tasarım parametrelerini belirlemede geniş bir çözüm kümesi sunmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalar neticesinde yatak yükleme basıncı 30 bar için yatak yarıçap oranı 0,3537 ≤r_i⁄r_d ≤ 0,7346, kılcal boru (orifis) çapı (mm) 0,25 ≤ d ≤ 0,4 ve devir sayısı (dev/dak) 1141 ≤ n ≤ 1496 optimum parametre değerleri olarak belirlenmiştir.
FEATURES OF THE COURSE OF CHRONIC EPSTEIN-BARR VIRAL INFECTION
Authors: Sorokina O.G. , Popov M.M. , Liadova T.I. , Ognivenko O.V. , Savvo O.M.
Published: March 2021

Today, about 85-95 % of the population is infected with EBV, therefore, the study of the nature of clinical and laboratory changes in patients with chronic EBV infection and the characteristics of the disease is an urgent problem of our time. According to the results of the study, it was found that in patients with chronic EBV infection, chronic tonsillitis, chronic fatigue syndrome and peripheral lymphadenopathy were more often observed among the clinical manifestations. In laboratory studies, it was found that patients with chronic EBV infection are characterized by a significant increase in ESR, an increase in the relative content of lymphocytes and monocytes, as well as a decrease in the absolute and relative content of neutrophils compared with the control group of patients, which indicates the presence of a shift in the leukocyte blood count, characteristic of the disease of viral etiology associated with EBV.
THE APPLICATION OF CONSTRUCTIONS MADE FROM BIODEGRADABLE MATERIAL WITH BIOACTIVE ACTION IN RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY OF MAXILLOFACIAL AREA
Authors: Astapenko О.О. , Kostiuk Т.M. , Lytovchenko N.М. , Tyazhkorob T.V.
Published: March 2021

Currently, titanium plates and screws are widely used to fix bone fragments in maxillofacial surgery. The need for a second operation to remove the metal structure increases the patient's incapacity for work, the economic costs of treatment and the psychoemotional load on the patient associated with anxiety and additional stress. All this has led to the emergence of an alternative method of osteosynthesis using biodegradable plates and screws, which do not have these disadvantages. With all the positive properties of titanium fixators in recent years there has been a large number of publications on the increase in complications after metal osteosynthesis (MOS) using titanium bone plates and screws, which is from 5 to 18 %, therefore, there is a need to remove them after consolidation of bone fragments. The results of the study were the basis for finding ways to obtain the material without metal defect, from which it would be possible to make fixator in the form of plates and screws for the osteosynthesis in maxillofacial region. It was developed biodegradable material of bioactive action (EPU-GAP-LEV) based on polyurethane composition which contains 20 % hydroxyapatite, and 6 % levamisole for osteosynthesis fixator. It was proved effectiveness of EPU-GAP-LEV fixators for osteosynthesis in the treatment of the patients with fractures and deformations of facial skull. Positive results of own clinical researches in early and long terms testified to efficiency and perspective of use of polymeric (including EPU-GAP-LEV) miniplasts in surgical treatment of fractures of facial skull with shift.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND LEGAL ANALYSIS OF SURVEILLANCE IN CRIME PREVENTION
Authors: Voitovych Nataliia
Published: March 2021

The aim of the research is to study the historical preconditions and legal regulation of surveillance in combating crime in the XIX century. At the same time, the author's goal is to compare peculiarities of the instruments of system fight against crime (the method of operational search actions, hereinafter - OSA) and covert investigative activities in countries with different forms of government and diverse political systems.The methodology of the research is: adherence to the principles of objectivity, scientificity and historicism contributed to consistent disclosure of preconditions, content and principles of surveillance as a measure and a method of OSA and covert investigative activities in combating and preventing crime actions. Mutual enrichment with historical and legal methods provided systemity of the research. Historical study of surveillance in combination with the study of regulatory legal acts created new opportunities for interdisciplinary research. The application of general scientific methods, namely systematization, generalization, problem-chronological, comparative-historical, historical-legal methods allowed to trace the influence of the legal component on the history of introduction and development of surveillance in the "long" XIX century and peculiarities of its usage in the conditions of the newly formed states and political systems in the interwar period.The scientific novelty lies in a detailed historical and legal analysis of the content of regulatory legal acts concerning legal grounds for surveillance, a comprehensive study of its content, gaps and peculiarities of usage in non-democratic political regimes.Conclusions. The article provides historical analysis of evolution and usage of surveillance, which has experienced several stages connected with improving the performance of security functions, in preventing crimes. The attention is focused on the most characteristic features of  implementing surveillance as a universal measure of obtaining information and distributing tasks between the states' law enforcement agencies and a means of combating representatives of political forces and structures constituting a real and hypothetical threat to the state / regime. The similarity of performing functions by law enforcement agencies (and the role of surveillance) in the conditions of different state formations, despite fundamental differences in the forms of government and the nature of political systems, is proved.
Regional Economic Integration and Productivity Convergence: Empirical Evidence from East Asia
Authors: Ishaq Maryam
Published: March 2021

The study attempts to seek evidence on regional economic integrationin driving labor productivity convergence in low-and middle-income East Asian states towards Japan, the country assumed to be the regional technology leader. The labor productivity convergence of low-and middle-income East Asian countries towards their rich neighbor is modelled against their national levels of innovation, technology spill-oversfrom the regional economic leader and their productivity differential with the frontier country. The hypothesized relationship is empirically verified for seven East Asian states, using a robust econometric approach. The time-series test estimates under Error Correction Representation yield absolute support in favor of valid productivity convergence occurring between Japan and its low-and middle income neighbors. However, panel data estimates generated with better statistical power outperform the time-series test findingsand these results reject the significance of Japan as the regional productivity growth driver for its regionaldevelopingstates.