bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dramatic Increase of Body Weight during Covid-19 Breakdown: Data from the Austrian Prevention Project Eddy Kids 2018/19 and Eddy Kids 2019/20
Authors:   Austrian Academic Institute for Clinical Nutrition and Medical University of Vienna, Austria, Widhalm Kurt , Rosenauer Hanna ,   Austrian Academic Institute for Clinical Nutrition and Medical University of Vienna, Austria, Gansterer Alina ,   Austrian Academic Institute for Clinical Nutrition and Medical University of Vienna, Austria, Matjazic Julia ,   Austrian Academic Institute for Clinical Nutrition and Medical University of Vienna, Austria
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Overweight and obesity among adults and children has increased dramatically worldwide in the last few decades. Overweight children usually remain overweight in adulthood and develop lots of comorbidities. It is therefore important to take preventive measures as early as possible to counteract this trend. Objective: To find out what effect the temporary school closure in Austria due to COVID-19 had on the school children in terms of body weight. Methods: Anthropometric parameters (bodyweight, body fat percentage and height) were measured twice in all students (before and after a 6-month intervention period). The intervention group received a one-hour nutrition lesson and two one-hour sports lessons per week. The control group was only tested and received no intervention. Subjects: The study group consisted of a control and an intervention group with a total of 115 school children. Results: The intervention and the control group gained about +4.5 kg in 2019/20, whereas the average increase in body weight was +2.85 kg (intervention group) and +2.61 kg (control group) the year before (2018/19). Conclusion: The lockdown in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic has a big impact on body weight. Special online trainings should be implemented for school children, which should also involve the families.
MAYGEN - an Open-Source Chemical Structure Generator for Constitutional Isomers Based on the Orderly Generation Principle
Authors: Yirik Mehmet Aziz , Sorokina Maria , Steinbeck Christoph
Published: April 2021

The generation of constitutional isomer chemical spaces has been a subject of cheminformatics since the early 1960s, with applications in structure elucidation and elsewhere. In order to perform such a generation efficiently, exhaustively and isomorphism-free, the structure generator needs to ensure the building of canonical graphs already during the generation step and not by subsequent filtering.Here we present MAYGEN, an open-source, pure-Java development of a constitutional isomer molecular generator. The principles of MAYGEN’s architecture and algorithm are outlined and the software is benchmarked against the state-of-the-art, but closed-source solution MOLGEN, as well as against the best open-source solution OMG. MAYGEN outperforms OMG by an order of magnitude and gets close to and occasionally outperforms MOLGEN in performance.
TRANSPOSIÇÃO DIDÁTICA DE ARTIGOS CIENTÍFICOS EM CORDÉIS: UMA PROPOSTA PARA A DIVULGAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA
Authors: Pinheiro Alexssandra de Lemos , Melo Degival Alves de , Ramos Ediane Sousa Miranda , Nunes Selene Dias
Published: April 2021

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o processo de transposição didática de artigos científicos em cordéis como proposta para a divulgação científica. O referido estudo é resultado da construção de estratégias dinâmicas e diversificadas para divulgar a ciência, no Mestrado Profissional em Ensino de Ciências da Universidade Estadual de Roraima. Os procedimentos metodológicos contemplam a transposição didática de 7 (sete) artigos científicos para o formato de Literatura de Cordel sobre as temáticas: a transmissão da malária, pimentas cultivadas no Estado de Roraima, o lavrado da Serra da Lua no Estado de Roraima, o câncer de pele, o elemento químico Arsênio na água, o Garimpo e Mercúrio e a Ciência & Tecnologia na TV brasileira. A atividade foi desenvolvida com um público de 14 mestrandos, que participaram inicialmente da discussão sobre a história, conceitos, exemplos e normas para elaboração de cordéis e produção individual na perspectiva da divulgação científica e possibilidade para que estes mestrandos também desenvolvessem esta técnica com seus alunos em sala de aula. Para a coleta de dados foi realizada uma análise dos cordéis produzidos, aplicado um questionário com 4 (quatro) perguntas abertas através do Google Forms e uso de diário de bordo. Os resultados apontam, a possibilidade do uso da Literatura de Cordel na prática pedagógica dos mestrandos enquanto docentes, revelando seu potencial prazeroso, lúdico e interdisciplinar, além de possibilitar uma reflexão quanto a importância de uma maior inserção da abordagem da Literatura de Cordel na formação inicial e continuada dos professores.
The Application of WSM, WPM and WASPAS Multicriteria Methods for Optimum Operating Conditions Selection in Machining Operations
Authors: Onajite Onoyeyan , Oke Sunday Ayoola
Published: April 2021

Optimal condition selection in machining operations is an imperative decision for the process engineer as it influences improved tool life and surface roughness values. As the aluminium market is extremely competitive, process engineers strive to understand what to do to gain preference from prospective customers. From this viewpoint, the criteria responsible for operating decisions should be examined. In this paper the WSM, WPM and WASPAS multicriteria methods are proposed for optimal machining conditions for turned aluminium bars. A stepwise methodology of the WSM, WPM and WASPAS methods is detailed. The proposed technique was tested on published data regarding the turning of an aluminium bar, machined on a lathe machine. The case study consists of three input parameters (spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut) and four responses (cutting temperature, cutting force, surface roughness and material removal rate). After analysing the experimental data using the models, the entropy method chose material removal rate was chosen as the best. Using the three other models, the best selection was run 17 which correspond to an input parameter of 605 rpm spindle speed, 0.12 mm/rev feed rate and 1.8 mm depth of cut. This article offers a completely new approach to operating condition selection in the turning of the aluminium bar. In the current aluminium market, it is extremely important to understand the operating conditions of the machine for enlarged customer patronage and sustainability. The unique feature of this approach is the elevated level of reliability it exhibits.
Rancangan Mesin Cuci Hemat Energi, Ekonomis dan Ramah Lingkungan dengan Memperhatikan Aspek Ergonomi
Authors: Suhada Kartika , Halim Winda , Kelvin Kelvin
Published: April 2021

Currently, the process of washing clothes is a commonly process that carried out in a household. To save human energy and washing time, a washing machine is used. There are a lot of washing machine models on the market, but in general the existing washing machine have standard functions, use electrical energy, quite expensive, and use materials that are less environmentally friendly. Based on these various shortcomings, it is necessary to design an innovative washing machine. The method used in this research is the concept of product design starting from seeing the needs to develop the desired product concept until making a product prototype. The washing machine designed in this study can be used to wash all types of clothes weighing 3 kilograms and is equipped with clothes drying device with a capacity of 20 clothes that rotates during the washing process, so it will speed up the drying process. In addition, the materials used come from secondhand goods, so the price is economic. This washing machine is not designed use electrical energy but kinetic energy, so it is environmentally friendly and can be also used as an exercise tool that can the user's body keep healthy and ergonomic when used.
Perancangan Aplikasi Penyedia Informasi Perguruan Tinggi Bagi Pelajar SMA/ Sederajat dengan Metode Participatory Design
Authors: Reynaldo William , Nainggolan Marihot , Theresia Clara
Published: April 2021

Continuing study to higher education is an important thing for most of high school students,  but there are still obstacles related to the information availability of higher education for high school students. These constraints can be divided into 3 categories, namely limited university information, limited department information, and limited registration information. Currently, there are university information apps, however those applications have not been able to overcome the three categories of obstacles faced. Thus, an design for application that can handle these problems. In this research, a design for application for information about higher education providers was conducted. The application design consists of 4 stages, started by determining needs using the focus group discussion method which involved 9 respondents and produced 23 needs. The second stage, determining design alternatives using the participatory design workshop method involving 8 respondents and producing 4 design alternatives, and selecting an alternative design involving 19 respondents. The third stage is making a high-fidelity prototype with the help of Adobe XD software. In the last stage, evaluation and improvement are carried out by considering the factors of usefulness, effectiveness, efficiency, learnability, and satisfaction. The result of this research is a design of  application that provide information about university that meets aspects of functionality and usability. Those aspects including the usefulness factor 81.79%, the effectiveness factor 82.14%, the efficiency factor 82.14%, the learnability factor 71.43%, and the satisfaction factor 79.64%. Based on these results, this application able to use and meets user needs.
La especialización tecnológica en herramientas para la gestión de datos - big data. Una opción necesaria
Authors: Rivera Rodríguez Julio César
Published: April 2021

Dentro del Plan Estratégico de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios – UNIMINUTO, se encuentran los campos de acción de hábitat, productividad, ciencias básicas y la convergencia digital, desde los cuales se promueve y gestiona el proceso de investigación de los grupos categorizado por Colciencias.
Resiliencia de acuíferos en zonas de posconflicto en Colombia
Authors: Cárdenas Laura , Bastidas Valentina , González Jeremy
Published: April 2021

Esta investigación que abarca dos fases, inicialmente busca la apropiación del término de “resiliencia” a los acuíferos en zonas de posconflicto. Hoyen día, existen distintas aplicaciones de este término a diferentes ramas de las ciencias, pero aún, no hay una caracterización propia asociada alos acuíferos. ¿Cómo se puede apropiar este concepto a los acuíferos? ¿Existe alguna incidencia directa e indirecta del posconflicto a esteconcepto de resiliencia? ¿Cómo puede cuantificarse este concepto? Pues bien, este artículo dará respuesta a los dos primeros interrogantes quehacen parte de la fase inicial, en donde se usará una metodología de tipo descriptivo-cualitativo a través de exploración de documentos y trabajo de campo. Una vez aplicada dicha metodología, se podrá tener claridad del concepto de resiliencia en acuíferos y su incidencia con el posconflicto en Colombia, especialmente la zona de Puerto Boyacá, para luego, entrar en una fase dos de elaboración de matrices EIA y modelación que darán respuesta al interrogante tres en otro documento.
Herramienta para la extracción y análisis de información obtenida de la red social Twitter, como apoyo a los procedimientos: nuevo registro calificado y renovación de registros
Authors: Ortíz Palma Luis Alberto , Mosquera Angulo Hermes
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo se deriva del proyecto de investigación que se viene desarrollando en la ciudad de Popayán, Colombia, al interior del programa de Ingeniería de Sistemas de la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia (UNAD), el cual describe los avances preliminares del desarrollo de la herramienta de software denominada ARS-SIAVA, que permite la extracción de datos de las redes sociales, para identificar de una manera oportuna las tendencias tecnológicas en la formación académica, comportamientos del mercado laboral en las áreas de las tecnologías de la información (TI), tanto en contextos regionales, nacionales e internacionales, mediante la recolección y el análisis de información obtenida de la red social Twitter. Este insumo se convierte en una base para los procesos de autoevaluación en la renovación y obtención de nuevos registros calificados por parte del Ministerio de Educación Nacional, especialmente como apoyo a la justificación de los programas que corresponden a la condición 2 de los criterios de calidad establecidos por el Ministerio de Educación en la obtención de registros calificados. En el desarrollo de la investigación se contemplaron dos aspectos: una primera parte donde se realiza minería de textos, de la cual se obtienen datos mediante una API, que se recopilan en forma de tweets, importados a formato CSV, que es entendible para el lenguaje de programación R, y que previamente pasa por un proceso de depuración y adecuación de acuerdo con los requerimientos de este lenguaje. La segunda parte corresponde al análisis de sentimientos, para lo cual se dispone de un algoritmo que mediante un entrenamiento manual que por medio de Machine Learning, aprende y es capaz de predecir tendencias, las cuales se proyectan en gráficos, nubes de palabras además de tablas de frecuencias y visualización de datos estadísticos que pueden aportar en la toma de decisiones.
Repositorio de Arquitectura Empresarial del Gobierno (GEAR). Un Estado abierto, soportado en tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC)
Authors: Cárdenas Cárdenas Roberto Mauricio
Published: April 2021

En el presente artículo se aborda el trabajo de investigación diseño e implementación de modelos orientados hacia el máximo aprovechamiento de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) en el contexto de la construcción de un estado abierto, eficiente, transparente, y participativo, que permita la prestación de servicios colaborativos para la comunidad.

Estos modelos se diseñan de acuerdo con los lineamientos de la administración pública, en términos del artículo 39 de la Ley 489 de 1998 y enmarcadas en el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo (PND) y los programas transversales de la gestión pública. Para este caso se trata de profundizar en el campo de la arquitectura empresarial (AE) como uno de los instrumentos que posibilita la puesta en marcha de proyectos soportados en TIC en Colombia.

Se considera la arquitectura empresarial (AE) como uno de los principales elementos estratégicos, cuyo fundamento teórico y operativo hace parte del análisis integral de las entidades gubernamentales, desde diferentes perspectivas y dimensiones, estas miradas críticas de las instituciones constituyen el insumo para poder realizar diagnósticos – pronósticos capaces de generar propuestas y alternativas que contribuyan a la transformación y modernización de las instituciones con base en el uso y la apropiación de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC).

Para el logro de los objetivos de implementación de las TIC y su aplicación en el campo de administración y la gobernanza, es fundamental partir del Marco de Referencia de AE para la gestión de tecnologías, aquí se trata de establecer un modelo de referencia para ser implementado como estructura orientadora de la arquitectura empresarial (AE). El 

marco de referencia o marco teórico, sobre la base de la estructura conceptual, consiste en la definición de los lineamientos sobre las prácticas significativas (memorables, significativas), que se han realizado con base en la utilización e implementación de las AE en el contexto de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC).

El Repositorio de Arquitectura Empresarial del Gobierno (GEAR), se ha destacado por ser una de las estrategias de gobernabilidad en línea; este se soporta legalmente en el artículo 209 de la Constitución Política, el 3º de la Ley 489 de 1998 y 3º de la Ley 1437 de 2011, que establece los parámetros para la prestación de servicio de alta calidad, sobre la estrategia de la reutilización de datos públicos, su tratamiento y estandarización, lo mismo que su neutralidad, innovación y colaboración. Los fundamentos de la estrategia son desarrollados a partir de 4 componentes que facilitarán la masificación de la oferta y la demanda de Gobierno en línea. Estos son, TIC para servicios, TIC para el Gobierno abierto, TIC para la gestión y seguridad y privacidad de la información.
INTERNET DAN PERILAKU SEKSUAL REMAJA PESISIR MADURA: STUDI CROSS SECTIONAL DI DESA BRANTA
Authors: Ramadani Shefa Dwijayanti
Published: April 2021

Salah satu masalah yang sering dihadapi remaja pada kota-kota maju sebagai akibat modernisasi dan westernisasi di era digital adalah penyimpangan perilaku seksual. Meskipun demikian, daerah pedesaan berpeluang untuk mengalami hal yang sama karena perkembangan teknologi informasi membuat segala hal menjadi tanpa batas (borderless). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengungkap faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan internet terhadap penyimpangan perilaku seksual remaja di wilayah pesisir Madura. Penelitian mengggunakan metode potong lintang (cross sectional). Sebanyak 80 responden berusia 12-20 tahun diplilih secara acak dari sejumlah sekolah (SD, SMP, dan SMA/SMK) di wilayah Desa Branta, Pamekasan, Madura. Data yang diperoleh melalui angket dan wawancara selanjutnya dianalisis deskriptif dan inferensial melalui uji Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 91.71% responden telah terpapar konten pornografi saat mengakses internet dan sebanyak 50% responden secara sengaja mengakses konten pornografi. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa faktor berupa jenis kelamin dan akses terhadap konten pornografi memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan penyimpangan perilaku seksual, sementara faktor keterpaparan konten pornografi dan intensitas konsumsi internet tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan. Dengan demikian, hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa dampak negatif penggunaan internet dapat dialami oleh siapapun, termasuk para remaja di wilayah pedesaan. Peran serta berbagai pihak sangat diperlukan untuk mencegah serta memberikan bimbingan secara memadai sehingga internet dapat menjadi ruang yang lebih aman bagi remaja.
PENGARUH INDEPENDENSI DAN KOMPETENSI AUDITOR TERHADAP KUALITAS AUDIT DALAM MENDETEKSI KECURANGAN DAN KEKELIRUAN PELAPORAN KEUANGAN (Studi Empiris Pada Auditor KAP Di Semarang)
Authors: SETIAWAN WAWAN - , KUSUMO WILLYANTO KARTIKO
Published: April 2021

Public Accounting Profession ( auditors ) are like " two eyes sword ", on the one hand the auditor must consider the credibility and ethics of the profession, but on the other hand also had to face the pressure of clients in a variety of decision-making auditors. If the auditor is not able to resist pressure from clients such as personal stress, emotional or the financial independence of auditors has been reduced and can affect the quality of the audit. This study aims to analyze the influence of empirical evidence and prove the experience, knowledge, long associated with the client, the pressure from the client, the auditor's study of colleagues ( peer review), and non-audit services provided by the Firm to audit quality. The samples are 79 respondents is 18 auditors contained in the firm in Semarang. As for answering the research hypotheses using multiple regression analysis, after testing the classical assumptions. Based on the results of this study concluded that the experience in performing the audit, the auditor's knowledge as well as a study of co-auditors (peer review) has a positive effect on audit quality. So the depth and breadth of knowledge of an auditor as well as more experience in auditing also the presence of a fellow peer auditors , the better the quality of audits conducted.
STRATEGI PENDIDIKAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN PERGURUAN TINGGI (Studi empiris di Fakultas Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi Universitas Semarang)
Authors: Pujiastuti Natalia Sari
Published: April 2021

The implementation of the right strategy to implement Entrepreneurship Education is believed to be able to foster student entrepreneurial interest. Thus it is hoped that the Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Science, University of Semarang, as an important part of improving education and a place to produce quality people, needs to carry out entrepreneurial education strategically and comprehensively to support the government in reducing unemployment and producing technology-literate young entrepreneurs for the achievement of Indonesia. as a developed country in the year 2045.

This study used a qualitative descriptive method based on the contribution of researchers as entrepreneurial activists and lecturers. From this study, it was found that the phenomenon of a lack of interest and entrepreneurial movement among students was revealed due to the lack of support from the tertiary education institution.
ANALISIS PENILAIAN KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN BERBASIS DU PONT SYSTEM
Authors: Rinawati Tri , Niati Asih , Suhardjo Yohanes
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAKSI

Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui penilaian kinerja keuangan perusahaan untuk saham Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) dan saham Index LQ45 dengan menggunakan Du Pont System dan mengetahui perbedaan kinerja keuangan perusahaan untuk saham Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) dengan Index LQ45 .

Populasinya adalah saham Jakarta Islamic Index berjumlah 30 emiten dan Index LQ45 berjumlah 45 emiten. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode Purposive Sampling. Teknik analisa yang digunakan yakni Du Pount System, uji asumsi klasik, dan Uji Independent Sample t test.

Hasil perhitungan analisa Du Pont periode tahun 2014 – 2018 untuk Indeks Saham JII rata-rata ROI berada di bawah rata-rata industri hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kinerja perusahaan dalam menghasilkan laba kurang baik dan rata-rata ROE lebih dari satu hal ini menunjukkan semakin efektif dan efisien penggunaan ekuitas perusahaan untuk menghasilkan pendapatan. Hasil perhitungan analisa Du Pont periode tahun 2014 – 2018 untuk Indeks Saham LQ45 diperoleh rata-rata ROI berada di bawah rata-rata industri yang menunjukkan bahwa kinerja perusahaan dalam menghasilkan laba kurang baik, dan rata-rata ROE lebih dari satu hal ini menunjukkan semakin efektif dan efisien penggunaan ekuitas perusahaan untuk menghasilkan pendapatan. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kinerja keuangan yang diukur dengan ROI untuk jenis saham JII dan LQ45 yang menggambarkan terdapat perbedaan laba bersih yang didapatkan perusahaan dari seluruh kekayaan yang dimilikinya. Sedangkan kinerja keuangan yang diukur dengan ROE untuk jenis saham JII dan LQ45 tidak terdapat  perbedaan yang signifikan yang menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan laba bersih setelah pajak yang dihasilkan perusahaan dan tidak terdapat perbedaan efisiensi penggunaan modal sendiri oleh perusahaan.
Peran Ibu Dalam Berkarir dan Kehidupan Berkeluarga
Authors: Satata Dian Bagus Mitreka , Shusantie Methania Aris
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kesanggupan dalam menyeimbangkan peran ganda seorang ibu sebagai wanita karir yang sudah berkeluarga. Saat ini seorang ibu tidak hanya mampu menjadi seorang ibu rumah tangga namun mampu berekspresi untuk mengaktualisasikan diri menjadi apa yang diinginkan sesuai kebutuhan dirinya. Terdapat berbagai faktor wanita yang sudah berkeluarga untuk tetap berkarir salah satunya yaitu untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikologis. Subjek penelitian terdapat empat partisipan wanita bekerja yang sudah berkeluarga. Data primer didapatkan dengan wawancara mendalam, data sekunder didapat melalui observasi serta catatan lapangan. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif studi kasus fenomenlogi. Hasil mengungkapkan bahwa ibu sebagai wanita karir mampu mengatur keseimbangan (work-life balance) sehingga dapat menyelaraskan antara karir dan berkeluarga.
Automation Models Turn On and Turn Off Electric Switches In Accordance With The Time Specified Using Arduino
Authors: Daru April Firman Firman , Darmawan Heddy Tyas
Published: April 2021

Continuous usage of the lamp because it forgot to turn off resulted in electricity costs becoming more expensive. In this regard, a research will be conducted on a switch system that uses a timer to automatically turn on and turn off the electric current. This switch can turn on and turn off the lights automatically with a predetermined time which is controlled by the Atmega328 microcontroller (Arduino UNO R3 DIP). The Relay Module is used as a trigger to turn on and off the switch and also the DS3231 RTC Module as a timer in seconds, minutes and hours. The purpose of making this tool is expected to be able to control the time of the lights, so that the use of lights can be arranged.
Analisa dan Penerapan Metode Neural Networks Dalam Mengidentifikasi Faktor-Faktor Masa Tunggu Kerja Lulusan
Authors: Khoirudin Khoirudin , Hadi Soiful , Nugroho Atmoko
Published: April 2021

Tracer Study (TS) atau yang disebut studi pelacakan merupakan penelurusan lulusan yang terkait dengan informasi kompentensi pendidikan tinggi di lingkungan dunia kerja professional yang dapat dilakukan paling cepat 2 tahun setelah wisuda, Tracer Study bertujuan untuk mengetahui outcomes pendidikan dalam bentuk transisi dari dunia pendidikan tinggi ke dunia kerja. Masa tunggu kerja merupakan hal yang sangat penting bagi alumni sebuah perguruan tinggi, hal ini juga termasuk indikator sukses tidaknya pelaksanaan belajar mengajar. Data masa tunggu kerja dapat diperoleh dari data tracer study, tetapi perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi alumni untuk memperoleh pekerjaan pertamanya secara cepat.

Melihat fakta akan pentingnya masa tunggu kerja bagi alumni, peneliti merasa perlu melakukan penelitian untuk mencari penyebab / faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi alumni memperoleh pekerjaan pertamanya, dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode neural network. Metode ini bekerja dengan cara melakukan training 70% dan testing 30% dari data alumni yang baru lulus.

Berdasarkan hasil dari eksperimen dengan metode Neural Network diperoleh hasil class precision sebesar 87.76 %. Dan prediksi masa tunggu mendapatpekerjaan <= 6 Bulan sebesar 43 dan masa tunggu > 6 bulan sebesar 6.
KARAKTERISRIK SENSORI FISIKOKIMIA PERMEN SEMANGKA DENGAN BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI KARAGENAN SENSORY CHARACTERISTIC AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL OF WATERMELON CANDY IN VARIOUS CARRAGENAN CONCENTRATION. )
Authors: Haryati Sri , Fitriana Ika
Published: April 2021

Semangka (Citrullus lanatus) adalah buah berbentuk bulat, oval atau lonjong. Kulit buahnya halus dengan warna hijau muda dan hijau tua. Daging semangka memiliki rasa manis dan warna merah, kuning atau jingga.

Semangka banyak mengandung air, sangat enak disantap pada saat haus. Tanaman semangka (Citrullus vulgaris Schard.) memiliki daya tarik khusus di mata penikmatnya dengan daya kreatifitas kuliner, kita juga dapat memanfaatkan daging semangka   menjadi produk olahan makanan yang bercita rasa. Salah satu yang akan disajikan adalah pembuatan permen . Produk olahan daging semangka yang berupa permen Permen adalah bahan makanan yang kental atau semi padat, terbuat dari campuran 45 bagian berat buah buahan dan 55 berat gula dan bahan pengental yaitu karagenan . Karagenen merupakan suatu istilah polisakarida yang dipeloreh dari hasil ekstraksi alkali dari alga merah (Rhodophyceae)  dan karagenan berperan sangat penting sebagai stabilisator (pengatur keseimbangan), thickener (bahan pengentalan), pembentuk gel, pengemulsi dan lain-lain Sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian   .Penelitian   ini bertujuan mengetahui   karakteristik fisikokimia dan sensori   permen semangka dari berbagai konsentrasi karagenan yang digunakan dan mengetahui perlakuan terbaik untuk memdapatkan permen

           Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak lengkap (RAL) satu faktor berbagai konsentrasi karagenen   dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 kali ulangan.   perlakuan sebagai berikut :P1: karagenan 0,5%, P2: 1%, P3:1,5%, P4:2%, P5:2,5%, Apabila terdapat pengaruh yang nyata, maka dilakukan uji lanjut dengan Uji Beda Nyata Jujur dengan taraf nyata 5% .

  Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa konsentrasi karagenan berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap sifat kimia ( kadar air, kadar abu, gula reduksi dan vitamin C ) , sifat fisik ( tekstur ) dan sensori (   kekenyalan dan elastisitas ) permen semangka yang dihasilkan,     setelah diuji lanjut dengan BNJ taraf 5% semua perlakuan berbeda nyata.

Berdasarkan hasil analisis diperoleh perlakuan terbaik yaitu: P3 ( konsentrasi karagenan 1,5%) yang menghasilkan nilai sifat kimia yaitu kadar air 16,12%     :kadar abu 0,86 %, gula reduksi 11,23 % dan vitamin C : 17, 46 %, nilai sifat fisik   tekstur 577,76 gf/mm   serta sensori/organoleptik kekenyalan (3,08% ) dengan kriteria agak kenyal kenyal , elastisitasnya 3,8 % kriteria : agak elastis -elastis              

  

Kata kunci: permen , semangka, karagenan  
Planning for health equity in the Americas: an analysis of national health plans
Authors: Kavanagh Matthew M. , Norato Laura Fernanda , Friedman Eric A. , Armbrister Adria N.
Published: April 2021

There is growing recognition that health and well-being improvements have not been shared across populations in the Americas. This article analyzes 32 national health sector policies, strategies, and plans across 10 different areas of health equity to understand, from one perspective, how equity is being addressed in the region. It finds significant variation in the substance and structure of how the health plans handle the issue. Nearly all countries explicitly include health equity as a clear goal, and most address the social determinants of health. Participatory processes documented in the development of these plans range from none to extensive and robust. Substantive equity-focused policies, such as those to improve physical accessibility of health care and increase affordable access to medicines, are included in many plans, though no country includes all aspects examined. Countries identify marginalized populations in their plans, though only a quarter specifically identify Afro-descendants and more than half do not address Indigenous people, including countries with large Indigenous populations. Four include attention to migrants. Despite health equity goals and data on baseline inequities, fewer than half of countries include time-bound targets on reducing absolute or relative health inequalities. Clear accountability mechanisms such as education, reporting, or rights-enforcement mechanisms in plans are rare. The nearly unanimous commitment across countries of the Americas to equity in health provides an important opportunity. Learning from the most robust equity-focused plans could provide a road map for efforts to translate broad goals into time-bound targets and eventually to increasing equity.
National Legal Responses to Covid-19: New Zealand
Authors: Knight Dean
Published: April 2021

No description supplied
Ontology of Variants of Cranial Structure and Malformations. Part I
Authors:   Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine Bukovinian State Medical University. 2, Theatralna Sq., Chernivtsi 58002, Ukraine, Khmara T. V. , Kuzniak N. B. , Morarash Y. A. , Ryznychuk M. O. , Petriuk A. Ye. , Kavun M. P.
Published: April 2021

Annually severe congenital abnormalities occur in 1 of 33 newborns or about 125.000 live births in the United States and are the leading cause of infant mortality. Craniofacial anomalies account for about one-third of all abnormalities. The prevalence of human congenital malformations is an important characteristic of public health. According to the World Health Organization, the birth rate of children with cleft lip and palate is on average 1:750 newborns, which is 20-30% of all human malformations and 86% of maxillofacial malformations. They contribute significantly to infant morbidity and disability as well as millions of dollars in health care costs each year. Development of the human skull begins about 23-26 days after fertilization, when a multipotent population of cranial neural crest cells migrates from the dorsal part of the neuraxis to the embryonic head region, giving rise to the frontal bone and interparietal part of the occipital bone, while the rest of the cranial arch comes mainly from the mesoderm. A malformation is a deviation from the normal development of an organ or tissue. Among the causes are chromosomal abnormalities, single gene defects, teratogenic or multi-factor agents, that is, a combination of genetic and external factors; the smallest number of cases are idiopathic. Exogenous causes of human congenital abnormalities include: physical (mechanical, thermal, radiation); chemical (hypoxia, malnutrition, hormonal discordance, teratogenic poisons); biological (viruses, bacteria and their toxins, protozoa); mental factors. Endogenous causes are heredity (changes in hereditary structures, mutations); biological inadequacy of germ cells (endocrine disorders, “over-ripening” of germ cells); parents’ age. Congenital craniofacial abnormalities are caused by improper growth and/or development of the brain and facial parts of the skull and soft tissue. Craniofacial abnormalities affecting the skull include macrocephaly, microcephaly and unilateral deformities. Sometimes cranial sutures fuse too early and craniosynostosis occurs, which is accompanied by various cranial deformities. This leads to abnormal cranial development, which can cause dysmorphia, and in the most severe cases catastrophically affect brain development. Conclusion. Based on the analysis of the literature sources, an attempt has been made to summarize the existing information and classifications of congenital cranial abnormalities, as well as the interpretation of various anomalies of the brain and facial skull in alphabetic order. The most common stigmas and malformations of the skull bones are briefly characterized
Morphometric Indicators of Rat Myocardium under the Action of General Hypothermia
Authors:   State Institution Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. 9, Vernadsky St., Dnipro 49044, Ukraine, Belimenko M. S. , Kosharniy V. V. , Abdul-Ogly L. V. , Kozlovskaya G. O.
Published: April 2021

Hypothermia is a situation in which the internal body temperature drops below 35 degrees Celsius. The article presents the relevance, theoretical aspects and features of the action of general hypothermia on the heart in general and cardiomyocytes in particular. The purpose of the study was to study the changes in the myocardium under the action of general hypothermia at different levels of structural organization. The object of the study were the hearts of laboratory adult rats. The study involved 20 animals. The longitudinal section shows that the right ventricle is much thinner than the left and its cavity is presented in the form of a crescent. The interventricular septum is thicker than the wall of the right ventricle and goes into its cavity. Results. To establish the shape of the heart and track the dynamic changes at the organ level, we calculated an index showing the ratio of the width of the heart to its length. In 80% of cases, the heart shape of intact rats was conical, the index averaged 55%, only 20% elliptical, the index was more than 65%. We did not observe other forms of heart in the group of intact rats. In the experimental groups, a spherical heart shape appeared. The thickness of the anterior wall of the left ventricle for 10 days from the beginning of the experiment was 3.15±0.11 mm, the side wall 3.1±0.11 mm, the posterior wall 2.45±0.04 mm, interventricular septum 2.95±0.09 mm. In the right ventricle, the thickness of the anterior wall is 1.04±0.03 mm, the posterior wall is 1.36±0.04 mm. On the 30th day from the beginning of the experiment, the thickness of the anterior wall of the left ventricle was 3.21±0.11 mm, the side wall 2.65±0.06 mm, the posterior wall 3.27±0.09 mm, the interventricular septum 3.14±0.13 mm. In the right ventricle, the thickness of the anterior wall is 1.09±0.04 mm, the posterior wall is 1.38±0.03 mm. Conclusions. The increase in heart mass, change in its shape due to changes in the middle third of the heart wall of both the left and right ventricles. The highest rates were in the middle third of the heart (zone "B"): In all layers of the myocardium there is an increase in the diameter of cardiomyocytes, a decrease in the distance between individual cardiomyocytes and their groups. The distance between adjacent cardiomyocytes in the left ventricle is: in the outer layer 1/8 of the diameter of the cardiomyocyte, between groups of cardiomyocytes 1/4 of the diameter of the cardiomyocyt
Gallstone Disease Complicated by Choledocholithiasis: Modern Aspects of Diagnostics
Authors:   Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education. 58, Amosov St., Kharkiv 61000, Ukraine, Borysenko V. B.
Published: April 2021

Choledocholithiasis is an urgent problem of modern hepatobiliary surgery and accounts for 60% of all obstructive jaundice. Stones of the common bile duct cause cholestasis and mechanical jaundice syndrome and in case of untimely diagnostics lead to the development of such severe complications as acute cholangitis and biliary sepsis. The criteria for determining the sequence, stages and volume of diagnostic measures with choledocholithiasis have not been determined by now. The purpose of the study. Optimization of the instrumental stage of the diagnostics of patients with choledocholithiasis. Materials and methods. 56 patients with choledocholithiasis were studied. The diagnostic program was expanded due to the instrumental stage using ultrasound, duodenopapiloscopy, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and magnetic resonance tomography. The criterion for the patients selection was the syndrome of distal choledochal patency violation and the presence of stones in it according to echosonography and endoscopic cholangiopancreatography. Results and discussion. At sonography bilious hypertension was established in all 72 (100%) patients. Mechanical jaundice was present in 54 (96.4%) patients. Hepatic dysfunction with 84±9.6 mmol/l hyperbilirubinemia and an increase in AST and ALT levels to 1.2±0.9 mmol/l and 1.5±1.1 mmol/l, were verified respectively. At endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography choledocholithiasis was found in 54 (96.4%) patients. Single stones were present in 18 (32.1%) and multiple – in 38 (67.9%) patients. In 52 (92.9%) cases, stones up to 1.5 cm in diameter were removed with a Dormia basket at one time or after mechanical lithotripsy. In 4 (7.1%) patients stones from 1.7 to 2.0 cm could not be removed endoscopically. Choledoch stenting was performed in 12 (21.4%) patients. One-stage transpapillary treatment was carried out in 38 (67.9%) patients, two and three stage treatment – in 14 (25%) cases, and «open» choledocholithotomy – in 4 (7.1%) cases. Conclusion. The program of choledocholithiasis diagnostics with the gradual use of clinical, laboratory, radiological and endoscopic data allows carrying out correct detailing of the cause, level, degree of common bile duct obstruction and the complicated course of the disease in 100% of cases
Analysis of Factors Causing Appearance of Food Hypersensitivity in Toddlers
Authors:   Lviv Danylo Halytskyi National Medical University. 69, Pekarskaya St., Lviv 79010, Ukraine, Matsyura O. I. ,   Lviv City Children's Clinical Hospital. 4, Phylyp Orlik St., Lviv 79000, Ukraine
Published: April 2021

Food hypersensitivity is a reaction to the food consumed, regardless of the pathogenetic mechanisms that cause the symptoms. It is an actual and controversial problem in pediatric practice. Nowadays there is an active search for the causes of disease progression, a large role is given to the study of genetic and external factors (food, environmental, social). This disease arises many questions due to the similarity of the clinical representation in different kinds of food hypersensitivity and in different pathogenetic mechanisms, which are involved. The purpose of the study is to perform the analysis of factors, which cause appearance of food hypersensitivity in toddlers. Materials and methods. A study of the number of children with food intolerance was conducted using a specially compiled questionnaire. Thus, 4,500 questionnaires were distributed in pre-school and medical establishments to question parents. Results and discussion. Analysis of 3,214 questionnaires was conducted, which enabled to obtain information from parents on anamnesis and living conditions of toddlers. Values of 56 factors were analyzed, calculating correlation coefficients with a formation of food hypersensitivity for each of them. Statistical analysis allowed distinguishing 15 signs among these factors, which significantly correlated with the formation of food hypersensitivity in young children. The investigation enabled not only to detect factors that affect formation of food hypersensitivity in young children, but also to suggest a mathematical model of individual calculation of risk factors for this pathology. Data of conducted mathematical analysis can be used for elaboration of a complex of prophylaxis measures on development of food hypersensitivity in toddlers. Conclusion. The formation of hypersensitivity to cow's milk in children is provoked by the presence of contact reactions in the child, adverse reactions after medication, positive family history (bronchial asthma in relatives, skin diseases in parents (father and / or mother)), smoking in the family, living in the city; at the same time, preventive factors are living in an apartment, in a new building, in a dry apartment. The formation of food hypersensitivity in young children is generally provoked by a positive family history (bronchial asthma, hay fever, urticaria, diseases of the stomach and duodenum in relatives, skin diseases in parents), smoking in the family; frequent consumption of food in a mass catering points; living in the city plays a preventive role
Instruments for Monitoring the Quality of Higher Education: Structural Validation of the Ukrainian Version of the ETLQ Questionnaire
Authors:   Ivan Boberskiy Lviv State University of Physical Culture. 11, Kostiushko St., Lviv 79000, Ukraine, Pavlova Iu. O. , Tymruk-Skoropad K. A. , Tsizh L. M.
Published: April 2021

The problem of ensuring the quality of higher education and the formation of a culture of quality causes a significant interest. That determines the practice of collecting, analyzing, and taking into account information about the academic environment, requires identifying and constantly monitoring of factors that affect the effectiveness of curricula, and determines student success. To better monitor the effectiveness of the proposed approaches, keep up with emerging challenges, and adjust decisions, it is necessary to develop special tools to study participants’ opinions of the educational process. Such tools should have sufficient validity and meet current trends and approaches. The purpose of the study was to check the internal structure and validate the Ukrainian version of the content part “Experiences of teaching and learning” of the ETLQ tool. Materials and methods. The study involved students (n = 632, 59.81 % were women; age (M±SE) – 21.5±0.2 years old) of Ivan Boberskyj Lviv State University of Physical Culture, who studied in the specialty 227 “Physical therapy, occupational therapy”. Data collection was conducted during the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 academic years upon completing mandatory special subjects. The convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity of the “Experiences of teaching and learning” part of the ETLQ tool were evaluated. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used in the research; α-Cronbach values, composite reliability coefficient, and average extracted variance were calculated. Results and discussion. Based on the results of the work, a modified version of the questionnaire was proposed, which contained 29 questions and had a sufficient level of validity. The final model consisted of four factors, which explained 51.353% of the total variance (the first factor – 39.339 %, the second – 5.224 %, the third – 4.281 %, the fourth – 2.509 %). The model was characterized by satisfactory indices: χ² / df (920/344) = 2.67, CFI = 0.923, TLI = 0.935, RMSEA = 0.055, SRMR = 0.058. Based on the validation results, a modified Ukrainian version of the questionnaire “Experiences of teaching and learning” was proposed, which is one of the content parts of the ETLQ tool. It consists of separate scales “Organization and structure,” “Teaching, learning, assessments and other set work”, “Teachers’ enthusiasm and responsiveness to students”, “Climate and support from peers”. The proposed questionnaire has sufficient validity to assess the quality of the academic environment, the effectiveness of specialists’ educational process in physical therapy, occupational therapy, and physical culture and sports
Research of Indicators Characterizing the Functional State of Cadets Picked for the Team of Military Pentathlon
Authors:   Ivan Boberskiy Lviv State University of Physical Culture. 11, Kostiushko St., Lviv 79000, Ukraine, Lototskyi I. ,   Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi National Army Academy. 32 Heroes of Maidan street, Lviv 79012, Ukraine
Published: April 2021

The article considers the level of physical development and functional state of cadets of the higher military educational institution, who are the team members of the National Army Academy named after Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi (Lviv) in the section of military pentathlon. The conducting research is significant for many reasons, like predicting and assessing the functional state of the cardiovascular system of servicemen, selecting to the sports section of military pentathlon, as well as rationally building routines of training, competitions and monitoring their functional status. Research aim is to study and determine the functional and morphological indicators that characterize the functional state and help to analyze the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Research methods: theoretical and methodological analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature; medical and biological methods (anthropometry, physiometry); methods of mathematical statistics. The research was conducted on the basis of the National Army Academy named after Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi in Lviv. The research was attended by cadets-athletes in military pentathlon – 18 members of the National Army Academy's team of different sports qualifications (5 Candidates Master of Sports, 8 First-Class Sportsmen and 5 Second-Class Sportsmen). Results. Servicemen-pentathletes have a high level of physical development and excellent performance. In the future, we plan to take a more comprehensive approach to determine the functional state of athletes in military pentathlon, as well as to study the changes in the body caused by various physical activities and the relationship of research indicators with exercise and competition efficiency. Conclusions. The analysis of specialized scientific and methodological literature has asserted that in the practice of military all-around sports to achieve a high result it is necessary an optimal condition of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, a high development level of speed, strength, endurance, aerobic and anaerobic capacity of athletes. At the same time, the issue of assessing the level of functional training of servicemen in this sport has not been studied enough. Military pentathletes have a high level of physical development, excellent heart function, the normotonic type, as well as above-average values of total physical performance (PWC170) and aerobic capacity, namely maximum oxygen consumption