bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt as the first‐line therapy in secondary prophylaxis of variceal hemorrhage
Authors: Liu Jiacheng , Shi Qin , Xiao Shuping , Zhou Chen , Zhou Binqian , Yuan Feng , Zheng Chuansheng , Lin Shan , Qian Kun , Feng Gansheng , Xiong Bin
Published: June 2019

Background and Aim

This study aims to evaluate and compare the survival and other portal hypertension‐related complications of patients with portal pressure gradient (PPG) ≥ 25 mmHg using transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) as the first‐line and second‐line therapies in secondary prophylaxis of variceal hemorrhage.

Methods

Fifty patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis were enrolled in this retrospective study, with 35 of whom received TIPS as the first‐line therapy in secondary prophylaxis of variceal hemorrhage and 15 of whom as second‐line treatment. We observed and analyzed the survival, occurrence of variceal rebleeding and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) of patients in the two groups during the follow up.

Results

The technical success rate was 100%. In a median follow‐up time of 12 (1–37) and 15 (2–27) months, respectively, significant statistical difference was observed between the first‐line group and the second‐line group concerning cumulative survival rate (94.3% vs 66.7%, log–rank P = 0.01). But that was not the case when it comes to the cumulative rate of variceal rebleeding (8.6% vs 26.7%, log–rank P = 0.164) and HE (22.9% vs 20.0%, log–rank P = 0.793). And multivariate analysis indicated that group assignment (hazard ratio = 8.250, 95% confidence interval = 1.383–49.213, P = 0.021) was the only predictor of survival. Interestingly, we found that spleen diameter (hazard ratio = 0.578, 95% confidence interval = 0.393–0.849, P = 0.005) could be regarded as independent predictor of the occurrence of HE.

Conclusions

For patients with PPG ≥ 25 mmHg who have recovered from an episode of acute esophageal variceal hemorrhage, utilizing TIPS as the first‐line therapy to prevent rebleeding is demonstrated effective in improving the survival and therefore should be recommended to a wider range of clinical practice.
Identification of circular RNA–microRNA–messenger RNA regulatory network in hepatocellular carcinoma by integrated analysis
Authors: Sun Xiangjun , Ge Xinfeng , Xu Zhiyong , Chen Dongfeng
Published: June 2019

Background and Aim

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common types of hepatic malignancies. This study aimed to better understand the pathogenesis of HCC and may help facilitate the improvement of the diagnostic of HCC.

Methods

The mRNA and miRNA expression profiles of HCC, which was retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and the circRNA expression profiles of HCC, which was retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus database, were included in this study to perform an integrated analysis. The differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs), differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) were identified, and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) (DEcircRNA–DEmiRNA–DEmRNA) regulatory network was conducted. Functional annotation of host gene of DEcircRNAs and DEmRNAs in ceRNA regulatory network was performed. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction validation of the expression of the selected DEmRNAs, DEmiRNAs, and DEcircRNAs was performed.

Results

A total of 2982 DEmRNAs, 144 DEmiRNAs, and 264 DEcircRNAs were obtained. The ceRNA network contained 61 circRNA–miRNA pairs and 1149 miRNA–mRNA pairs, including 48 circRNAs, 30 miRNAs, and 1149 mRNAs. Functional annotation of DEmRNAs in ceRNA regulatory network revealed that these DEmRNAs were significantly enriched in tryptophan metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and pathways in cancer. Except for ARNT2 and hsa‐miR‐214‐3p, expression of the others in the quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction results was consistent with that in our integrated analysis, generally.

Conclusion

We speculate that hsa_circRNA_104268/hsa‐miR‐214‐3p/E2F2, hsa_circRNA_104168/hsa‐miR‐139‐5p/HRAS, and hsa_circRNA_104769/hsa‐miR‐93‐5p/JUN interaction pairs may play a vital role in HCC. This study expected to provide a novel insight into the pathogenesis and therapy of HCC from the circRNA–miRNA–mRNA network view.
Leadership in the Mold of Jesus: Growing the Church and Saving the Nation in Neo‐Pentecostal Guatemala City
Authors: Reu Tobias
Published: June 2019

Basado en observaciones etnográficas en una de las principales megaiglesias de Guatemala, este artículo describe el impacto cultural que el concepto cristiano de “liderazgo” ejerce sobre las actitudes que los creyentes neopentecostales desarrollan hacia la sociedad como miembros de sus comunidades religiosas. Las organizaciones evangélicas promueven el liderazgo como remedio para los problemas que aquejan al mundo, los cuales, para los residentes de la capital guatemalteca, incluyen niveles extremos de violencia y criminalidad. Asimismo, liderazgo constituye un componente principal del modelo celular, una estrategia de crecimiento comúnmente utilizada por iglesias neopentecostales. Este artículo argumenta que, en Guatemala, el liderazgo cristiano y el modelo celular proporcionan una infraestructura conceptual y pragmática para una práctica de ciudadanía específicamente evangélica. Al llamar a los creyentes a comprometerse con el mundo afuera de sus congregaciones, esta práctica matiza el individualismo que estudiosos de las ciencias sociales suelen encontrar en la fe evangélica. [ciudadanía, neopentecostalismo, liderazgo, democracia, Guatemala]
Implementing CenteringPregnancy Group Prenatal Care for Minority Women Living with HIV at an Urban University Hospital
Authors: Potter JoNell E. , Duthely Lunthita M. , Diaz‐Mendez Nelly , Smith Lindsay , Messick Barbara J. , Echenique Maria , Galli Johnny , Yasin Salih , Villar‐Loubet Olga
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Pregnant women with HIV require sustained education and support throughout pregnancy to achieve healthy perinatal outcomes. To enhance prenatal care for women with HIV, the Prenatal Immunology Service at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine adapted the Centering Healthcare Institute's CenteringPregnancy curriculum to include HIV content. Nurse‐midwives introduced the curriculum in a pilot project to learn if women would enroll in group prenatal care. A retrospective record review was conducted to evaluate perinatal outcomes among women with HIV who received prenatal care in a group setting.

Methods

Data were collected from the electronic health records of women with HIV who received either CenteringPregnancy‐HIV group prenatal care or traditional prenatal care between March 2015 and July 2016. Sociodemographic factors, HIV immune markers, and pregnancy and birth outcomes were reviewed. Univariate and bivariate statistics and multiple regression models assessed differences between women in CenteringPregnancy‐HIV group prenatal care compared with women with HIV in traditional care.

Results

Among women with HIV who received prenatal care during the pilot project, 128 met eligibility criteria for review. Perinatal outcomes were analyzed for 117 women who had a live birth; of these, 14 participated in CenteringPregnancy‐HIV group prenatal care, and 103 received traditional care. Demographic profiles were similar in both groups. No significant differences in perinatal outcomes were observed among women in CenteringPregnancy‐HIV group prenatal care compared with women with HIV in traditional prenatal care.

Discussion

Women with HIV can often feel stigmatized and isolated. Group prenatal care can foster patient engagement, self‐management, and social support to improve adherence to antiretroviral and other health regimens that promote healthy outcomes for both woman and newborn. Although results of this pilot study were not statistically significant, they show that CenteringPregnancy‐HIV group prenatal care may be an option for women with HIV, but the benefits need further exploration in larger studies.
Disclosure in Cystic Fibrosis: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Werner Shirli , Halpern Ayana , Kurz Shifra , Rosenne Hadas
Published: June 2019

This study examined disclosure strategies in cystic fibrosis (CF) and their psychosocial implications for adults. Disclosure styles were examined based on Corrigan and Lundin's (2001) model. In‐depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 42 individuals diagnosed with CF from two CF clinics in Israel. Disclosure of CF is complex and involves multiple strategies. Two main themes regarding disclosure presented here are: (a) disclosure styles and their psychosocial implications, and (b) perceptions of the differences between previous and current disclosure styles. Of disclosure styles suggested by Corrigan and Lundin (2001), most participants were found to resort to secrecy, selective disclosure, and indiscriminate disclosure and very few resorted to avoidance or broadcasting. Disclosure was also dynamic, and individuals changed their disclosure styles during various stages of life and situations, in consideration of its benefits and costs. Decisions regarding whether and to what extent to disclose the illness were based on two processes: weighing the benefits and costs of disclosure and owning the decision to disclose. Professionals should partner with the patients to understand patients’ disclosure decisions and support them. Formal and informal support may assist individuals in making these decisions, helping them become aware of benefits and costs.
Interaction of Photoprotective and Acclimation Mechanisms in Ulva rigida (Chlorophyta) in Response to Diurnal Changes in Solar Radiation in Southern Chile
Authors: Cruces Edgardo , Rautenberger Ralf , Cubillos Víctor Mauricio , Ramírez‐Kushel Eduardo , Rojas‐Lillo Yesenia , Lara Carlos , Montory Jaime Andrés , Gómez Iván
Published: June 2019

Species of the genus Ulva (Chlorophyta) are regarded as opportunistic organisms, which efficiently adjust their metabolism to the prevailing environmental conditions. In this study, changes in chlorophyll‐a fluorescence‐based photoinhibition of photosynthesis, electron transport rates, photosynthetic pigments, lipid peroxidation, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant metabolism were investigated during a diurnal cycle of natural solar radiation in summer (for 12 h) under two treatments: photosynthetically active radiation (PAR: 400–700 nm) and PAR+ ultraviolet (UV) radiation (280–700 nm). In the presence of PAR alone, Ulva rigida showed dynamic photoinhibition, and photosynthetic parameters and pigment concentrations decreased with the intensification of the radiation. On the other hand, under PAR+UV conditions a substantial decline up to 43% was detected and an incomplete fluorescence recovery, also, P‐I curve values remained low in relation to the initial condition. The phenolic compounds increased their concentration only in UV radiation treatments without showing a correlation with the antioxidant activity. The enzimatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) increased over 2‐fold respect at initial values during the onset of light intensity. In contrast, catalase (CAT) increased its activity rapidly in response to the radiation stress to reach maxima at 10 a.m. and decreasing during solar. The present study suggests that U. rigida is capable of acclimating to natural radiation stress relies on a concerted action of various physiological mechanisms that act at different times of the day and under different levels of environmental stress.
Regional rainfall and local topography jointly drive tree community assembly in lowland tropical forests of New Caledonia
Authors: Blanchard Grégoire , Munoz François , Ibanez Thomas , Hequet Vanessa , Vandrot Hervé , Girardi Jérémy , Birnbaum Philippe
Published: June 2019

Aim

To understand how variations in precipitation and topographic wetness influence tree community assembly at both regional and landscape scales in tropical forests.

Location

New Caledonia (SW Pacific).

Methods

We sampled 40 tree communities in 0.04‐ha plots laid along topographic gradients within two landscapes with contrasting precipitation. Within a dry (<1,400 mm/year) and a wet (>2,500 mm/year) landscape we used the Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) to sample communities in topographic position with low (e.g., ridges) and high (e.g., valleys) water accumulation. For each sampled species, we measured five functional traits involved in drought resistance and resource acquisition (wood density, leaf area, leaf specific area, leaf dry matter content, and leaf thickness). We first examined trait covariation across species. We then analysed how the functional composition of communities varied between landscapes (according to precipitation) and within landscapes (according to TWI), using trait‐based statistics and null models.

Results

We identified two ecological trade‐offs driving trait variation across species: (i) one opposing high hydraulic efficiency to drought resistance, related to a wood economic spectrum; and (ii) the other opposing resource acquisition to resource conservation, related to a leaf economic spectrum. Across landscapes, species with drought resistance strategies were favoured at lower precipitation. Within landscapes, drought resistant species were selected under low TWI in the dry landscape, while low TWI increased the abundance of species with conservative strategies in the wet landscape.

Conclusions

Precipitation and topography jointly shape the functional composition of tree communities. At low precipitation, hydric constraints prevailed on ridges and upslopes by filtering drought resistant strategies along the wood economic spectrum. Contrastingly, higher precipitation relaxed the hydric constraints and resource availability became a primary driver of changing strategies along the leaf economic spectrum. Thus, the landscape scale influence of topography on processes driving community assembly and functional composition critically depends on the regional climatic context.
(U‐Th)/He zircon dating of Chesapeake Bay distal impact ejecta from ODP site 1073
Authors: Biren M. B. , Wartho J.‐A. , VAN Soest M. C. , Hodges K. V. , Cathey H. , Glass B. P. , Koeberl C. , Horton J. W. , Hale W.
Published: June 2019

Single crystal (U‐Th)/He dating has been undertaken on 21 detrital zircon grains extracted from a core sample from Ocean Drilling Project (ODP) site 1073, which is located ~390 km northeast of the center of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure. Optical and electron imaging in combination with energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis (EDS) of zircon grains from this late Eocene sediment shows clear evidence of shock metamorphism in some zircon grains, which suggests that these shocked zircon crystals are distal ejecta from the formation of the ~40 km diameter Chesapeake Bay impact structure. (U‐Th/He) dates for zircon crystals from this sediment range from 33.49 ± 0.94 to 305.1 ± 8.6 Ma (2σ), implying crystal‐to‐crystal variability in the degree of impact‐related resetting of (U‐Th)/He systematics and a range of different possible sources. The two youngest zircon grains yield an inverse‐variance weighted mean (U‐Th)/He age of 33.99 ± 0.71 Ma (2σ uncertainties n = 2; mean square weighted deviation = 2.6; probability [P] = 11%), which is interpreted to be the (U‐Th)/He age of formation of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure. This age is in agreement with K/Ar, 40Ar/39Ar, and fission track dates for tektites from the North American strewn field, which have been interpreted as associated with the Chesapeake Bay impact event.
Predictors of breast milk substitute feeding among newborns in delivery facilities in urban Cambodia and Nepal
Authors: Champeny Mary , Pries Alissa M. , Hou Kroeun , Adhikary Indu , Zehner Elizabeth , Huffman Sandra L.
Published: June 2019

Introducing breast milk substitutes (BMS) in the first days after birth can increase infant morbidity and reduce duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding. This study assessed determinants of BMS feeding among newborns in delivery facilities in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, and Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Cross‐sectional surveys were conducted among mothers upon discharge from health facilities after delivery: 304 mothers in Kathmandu Valley and 306 mothers in Phnom Penh participated. On the basis of a conceptual framework for prelacteal feeding, multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with BMS feeding prior to facility discharge. In both Phnom Penh and Kathmandu Valley, feeds of BMS were reported by over half of mothers (56.9% and 55.9%, respectively). Receiving a health professional's recommendation to use BMS increased the odds of BMS feeding in both Kathmandu Valley and Phnom Penh (odds ratio: 24.87; confidence interval [6.05, 102.29]; odds ratio: 2.42; CI [1.20, 4.91], respectively). In Kathmandu Valley, recommendations from friends/family and caesarean delivery were also associated with BMS use among mothers. Early initiation of breastfeeding and higher parity were protective against the use of BMS in Kathmandu Valley. Breastfeeding support from a health professional lowered the odds of BMS feeding among newborns. Exposure to BMS promotions outside the health system was prevalent in Phnom Penh (84.6%) and Kathmandu Valley (27.0%) but was not associated with BMS feeds among newborns. Establishment of successful breastfeeding should be prioritized before discharging mothers from delivery facilities, and health professionals should be equipped to support and encourage breastfeeding among all new mothers.
Vascular age is associated with the risk of dialysis or death in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Lin Miao , Chan Gary CW , Chan Kam W , Lai Kar N , Tang Sydney CW
Published: June 2019

Aim

Increased arterial stiffness is associated with progressive renal deterioration and poor clinical outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Assessment of vascular age as derived from arterial stiffness parameters might be an important clinical marker of cardiovascular risks. The aim of the present study is to evaluate whether the difference (△age) between vascular age and chronological age can predict the risk of reaching dialysis or death in patients with known CKD.

Methods

This longitudinal study enrolled 94 male Chinese CKD patients, aged 40–62 years. Vascular age was calculated by brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity, and measured by an ankle‐brachial index‐form device. The study endpoints were the commencement of renal replacement therapy or death.

Results

After a stepwise multivariate analysis, △age was associated independently with increased urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio (β = 0.32; P = 0.001) and decreased baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (β = −0.24; P = 0.008). During a median follow‐up period of 62 (interquartile range = 55–66) months, the 4‐year cumulative incidence of reaching the study endpoint in patients with △age = 0 and △age > 0 year was 4.9% and 25%, respectively (log–rank test, P = 0.009). Multivariate forward Cox regression analysis identified that higher △age (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.05; P = 0.027), lower baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (HR = 0.93; P < 0.001), and history of cardiovascular disease (HR = 5.90; P = 0.031) were independently associated with progression to commencement of dialysis or death.

Conclusion

Thus, the assessment of the difference between vascular age and chronological age may provide an alternative method to identify CKD patients at a high risk of progression to dialysis or death.
Young sex chromosomes in plants and animals
Authors: Charlesworth Deborah
Published: June 2019

A major reason for studying plant sex chromosomes is that they may often be ‘young’ systems. There is considerable evidence for the independent evolution of separate sexes within plant families or genera, in some cases showing that the maximum possible time during which their sex‐determining genes have existed must be much shorter than those of several animal taxa. Consequently, their sex‐linked regions could either have evolved soon after genetic sex determination arose or considerably later. Plants, therefore, include species with both young and old systems. I review several questions about the evolution of sex‐determining systems and sex chromosomes that require studies of young systems, including: the kinds of mutations involved in the transition to unisexual reproduction from hermaphroditism or monoecy (a form of functional hermaphroditism); the times when they arose; and the extent to which the properties of sex‐linked regions of genomes reflect responses to new selective situations created by the presence of a sex‐determining locus. I also evaluate which questions are best studied in plants, vs other suitable candidate organisms. Studies of young plant systems can help understand general evolutionary processes that are shared with the sex chromosomes of other organisms.
The Dimensions of Agricultural Diversification: A Spatial Analysis of Italian Municipalities
Authors: Mazzocchi Chiara , Orsi Luigi , Ferrazzi Giovanni , Corsi Stefano
Published: June 2019

Diversification in agriculture could ensure the survival of farming by broadening the income base of farms and encouraging agricultural sustainability. The diversification of on‐farm activities may depend on socioeconomic and environmental characteristics. Although multifunctionality is a hotly debated topic, few papers have focused on the farm characteristics that influence diversification and none have focused on the influence of the spatial pattern. This paper examines the relationship between farm characteristics and the adoption of a specific type of diversification. An econometric model is presented that uses a spatial autoregressive lag model at the municipal scale. The results demonstrate that the activation of each diversification dimension is influenced by both internal and external factors, encompassing farmers’ characteristics, the farm structure, and territorial features, including regional and spatial patterns. Deepening is mainly influenced by the farmer’s age, education, and the presence of small and labor‐intensive farms. The key factors for broadening diversification are the presence of small farms and farms with mixed production (breeding and crop cultivation). Regrounding is most affected by the labor‐intensive farms in the area and the farms with mixed production.
A pilot study comparing bone marrow aspirates and venous blood for emergency point‐of‐care blood parameters in healthy dogs
Authors: Ackert Lindsey , Boysen Søren R. , Schiller Teresa
Published: June 2019

Objective

To compare intravenous and intraosseous blood aspirates using point‐of‐care diagnostic equipment available in veterinary hospitals.

Design

Prospective study.

Setting

Private referral hospital.

Animals

Dogs undergoing a tibial plateau leveling osteotomy or extracapsular anterior cruciate ligament stabilization procedure were enrolled.

Methods

Under general anesthesia, simultaneous 0.5 mL intravenous and intraosseous blood samples were collected from the jugular vein and proximal tibia, respectively. Samples were evaluated in duplicate within 10 minutes of collection and averaged for each of the following parameters: blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose, packed cell volume, total plasma protein (TPP), plasma lactate, sodium, potassium, chloride, urea, glucose, pH, anion gap, pO2, and pCO2. Normalcy was tested with Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. A Student's t‐test and Bland–Altman plot were used to compare intravenous and intraosseous samples.

Results

Twelve dogs were recruited into the study. There were statistically significant differences between intravenous and intraosseous samples for sodium (P = 0.0216), chloride (P = 0.0225), BUN (P = 0.014), and potassium (P < 0.0001), respectively. No significant differences were detected for the other parameters evaluated.

Discussion

The intraosseous space provides an easily accessible, noncollapsible alternative for assessing blood parameters. Omitting potassium, the statistically significant differences noted between sites was not felt to be clinically significant. Although statistically insignificant, the large difference in hematocrit values indicates that the samples should not be used interchangeably.

Conclusion

Intraosseous aspirates, excluding potassium and hematocrit, appear to be a reliable alternative for assessing most point‐of‐care analytes in healthy dogs, although a larger sample size should be investigated. The application of these data in shock patients is unknown.
Effect of a continuous epitendinous suture as adjunct to three‐loop pulley and locking‐loop patterns for flexor tendon repair in a canine model
Authors: Putterman Allison B. , Duffy Daniel J. , Kersh Mariana E. , Rahman Hafizur , Moore George E.
Published: June 2019

Objective

To evaluate the effect of combining a continuous epitendinous suture with three‐loop pulley (3LP) and locking‐loop (LL) core patterns for flexor tendon repair.

Study design

Ex vivo biomechanical study.

Sample population

Seventy‐two cadaveric superficial digital flexor musculotendon (SDFT) units.

Methods

Tendons were divided into four groups (n = 18/group). After sharp transection, SDFT were repaired with 3LP, LL, 3LP + epitendinous (E), or LL + E suture patterns. After preloading, repaired constructs were tested to failure. Video data acquisition allowed evaluation of failure mode and quantitation of gap formation. Yield, peak, and failure force were measured from force‐displacement data. Significance was set at P < .05.

Results

Mode of failure did not differ between repairs with or without an epitendinous suture (P = .255). Gap formation was best prevented with 3LP compared with LL when used alone (P = .001). Mean yield force for 3LP, LL, 3LP + E, and LL + E were 91.4 N ± 25.4, 61.3 N ± 18.4, 195.2 N ± 66.0, 165.3 N ± 46.8, respectively. Tenorrhaphies combined with an epitendinous suture achieved higher yield (P < .0001), peak (P < .0001), and failure forces (P < .0001), without gapping between tendon ends.

Conclusion

Addition of an epitendinous suture eliminated gapping between tendon ends until failure and increased resistance to loads tolerated at the repair site.

Clinical significance

The addition of an epitendinous suture may increase the strength of tendon repairs and resistance to gap formation over core suture use alone. The influence of epitendinous suture placement on tendinous healing and blood supply warrants in‐vivo testing.
Highly Concentrated Aqueous Electrolyte With a Large Stable Potential Window for Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitors
Authors: Zhang Guoqing , Zhao Yongqing , Jin Binbin , Zhang Peng , Kong Shuying
Published: June 2019

An active carbon (AC)/AC electrochemical capacitor, taking advantage of a high-concentrated lithium trifluoromethane sulfonate (LiTFS) or lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) aqueous electrolyte, was demonstrated with an extended operating voltage of 2.5 V, which is the largest value till now for aqueous carbon-based capacitors. The AC electrode is entirely capacitive in these two electrolytes and the stable potential window of the single AC electrode can reach −1.2 to 1.2 V versus the saturated calomel electrode (SCE). The performance of the AC-based capacitor is evaluated in two- and three-electrode cells using a combination of electrochemical impedance (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic discharge-charge, and self-discharge (SD, i.e., leakage current) measurements. At 0.5-mA cm−2 charge-discharge rate, the AC/AC capacitor presents 5.5 wh kg−1 and 4.5 wh kg−1 energy density for 20 m LiTFS and LiTFSI electrolyte, respectively. The results suggest that a thorough utilization of such lithium salt aqueous electrolytes with widening electrochemical stable potential window will no doubt lead to further development of electrochemical capacitors toward superior performance.
Preliminary Development of a Measurement Reference Using a Research Simplex Atomizer
Authors: Leask Scott B. , Li Alice K. , McDonell Vincent G. , Samuelsen Scott
Published: June 2019

Cold-flow spray researchers have an array of diagnostic tools to extract meaningful information on spray characteristics. The efficacy of many of these tools, however, depends heavily on calibration, alignment, human operation, and even the underlying operational theory. This can lead to large discrepancies in data values for seemingly identical setups between workers. The application of experimental data to numerical models is thereby hindered due to inconsistencies in results caused by experimental error. Previously, an attempt was made to produce a “reference spray” through the use of a research simplex atomizer (RSA). As manufacturing processes and diagnostic tools have improved, the RSA is being revisited. Here, a new RSA has been investigated. Fundamental datasets captured from detailed test conditions are presented to provide benchmark data with the intention of other workers testing the reproducibility of the results. Preliminary findings between laboratories show good agreement in droplet size measurements. Further, emphasis is placed on the sensitivity of laser diagnostics used and the effect their operation can incur. To satisfy the requirements of a measurement reference, it is paramount that all workers adhere to similar diagnostic configurations and detail their operating parameters.
Stability Analysis of Cross Diffusion for the Walters B Fluid Model Saturated With Permeable Nanofluid
Authors: Umavathi J. C. , Chamkha Ali J.
Published: June 2019

Stability analysis for the Walters-B model saturated with permeable nanofluid is taken under study including cross diffusion effects. The porous medium is defined using modified Darcy model, and the nanofluid is considered to have the impact of thermophoresis and Brownian motion. The thermal energy equation includes the effects of diffusion and also cross diffusion. For the study of linear theory, normal mode procedure is applied and to understand the nonlinear theory, the method of minimal representation of double Fourier series is utilized. The effects of nondimensional parameters such as concentration Rayleigh number, Lewis number, Soret and Dufour parameters, Solutal Rayleigh number, elastic parameter, Prandtl number, viscosity ratio, and conductivity ratio on the stationary and oscillatory convections are represented graphically. The effect of time on transient Nusselt numbers is also taken under investigation. It is concluded that when time is small, the three Nusselt numbers oscillate for all the governing parameters and approach to steady-state as time increases.
Multifaceted design optimization for superomniphobic surfaces
Authors: Panter J. R. , Gizaw Y. , Kusumaatmaja H.
Published: June 2019

Versatile computational tools are developed to solve the design optimization challenge for structured nonwetting surfaces.
Breaking the quantum adiabatic speed limit by jumping along geodesics
Authors: Xu Kebiao , Xie Tianyu , Shi Fazhan , Wang Zhen-Yu , Xu Xiangkun , Wang Pengfei , Wang Ya , Plenio Martin B. , Du Jiangfeng
Published: June 2019

Conventional restriction on adiabatic techniques can be removed to develop new strategies to control quantum systems.
Intratumoral activation of the necroptotic pathway components RIPK1 and RIPK3 potentiates antitumor immunity
Authors: Snyder Annelise G. , Hubbard Nicholas W. , Messmer Michelle N. , Kofman Sigal B. , Hagan Cassidy E. , Orozco Susana L. , Chiang Kristy , Daniels Brian P. , Baker David , Oberst Andrew
Published: June 2019

Activation of the necroptotic kinases RIPK1 and RIPK3 within the tumor microenvironment enhances immune-mediated tumor control.
Left atrial thrombosis secondary to blunt cardiac injury in two dogs
Authors: Ballocco Isabella , Pinna Parpaglia Maria Luisa , Corda Francesca , Serra Giovanna , Corda Andrea
Published: June 2019

Two dogs, victims of motor vehicle accidents, were hospitalised at our Veterinary Teaching Hospital with multiple injuries. Electrocardiographic abnormalities were observed in both dogs: case 1 showed ventricular arrhythmias, while case 2 manifested second degree atrioventricular block. Increased cardiac troponin‐I serum levels and echocardiographic alterations compatible with left atrial wall lesions and thrombosis were detected. Based on these symptoms, the dogs were diagnosed with traumatic blunt cardiac injury. Both patients had left atrial thrombus formation, but only case 1 underwent antiplatelet therapy and experienced thromboembolic spread. Blunt cardiac injury and related consequences should be considered in traumatised patients. ECG together with cardiac troponin‐I measurement and echocardiography could help clinicians to diagnose and monitor the condition.
Coordination of leaf and stem traits in 25 species of Fagaceae from three biomes of East Asia
Authors: Kawai Kiyosada , Okada Naoki
Published: June 2019

It has been debated whether leaf and stem economics spectra are coordinated across species, because previous studies have provided contradictory results. These studies have been restricted to single biomes, and we hypothesize that climate seasonality may determine the strength of coordination between leaf and stem trait combinations. Herein, using 25 Fagaceae species from East Asia, we investigated the coordination of 16 leaf traits and 5 stem traits across and within three biomes (cool temperate, warm temperate, and tropical forests). The traits were chosen to reflect multiple aspects of plant adaptive strategies, such as water, carbon, and nutrient use. The leaf and stem traits of species that reflect resource-use strategies for different resources were functionally coordinated, forming a single axis of trait variation across biomes. This axis represents the trade-off between fast and slow resource-use strategies. We found the trend that the coordination between leaf and stem traits was the strongest in cool temperate forests after removing two Fagus species, followed by warm temperate forests, but was not observed in tropical forests. Our results support the proposed model that plants vary from slow to fast resource exploitation, using closely related species, and suggest that temperature modulates the coordination of leaf and stem economics spectra.
Integrating HBIM models in the management of the public use of heritage buildings
Authors: Salvador-García Elena , Valldecabres Jorge Luis García , Blasco María José Viñals
Published: June 2019

The greatest challenge in managing public access to heritage buildings and ensuring the long-term feasibility of their reuse is to establish a sustainable relationship between visitors and assets. The aim of this paper is thus to identify the potential role of Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) for public use in heritage buildings. The study, which is part of a design science research project, limits its scope to the development of the two first stages of a comprehensive HBIM protocol for the public use of heritage, focusing on visitor management, programming preventative conservation, and heritage interpretation and dissemination to solve the difficulties detected in the management of these four areas. The methodology followed involves a literature review, case study analysis, interviews with stakeholders, field visits, and analysis of technical documents. Results indicate that HBIM can help to improve and optimize the management of the public use of historic buildings.
AAC Olive marrowfat pea
Authors: Bing Deng-Jin , Beauchesne Don , McLaren Debra , Gan Yantai , Balasubramanian Parthiba , Naeem Hamid
Published: June 2019

AAC Olive is a semi-leafless, green cotyledon, and high-yielding marrowfat pea (Pisum sativum L.) variety developed at the Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. It has a maturity of 102 d, average thousand-seed weight of 344 g, and is resistant to powdery mildew (caused by Erysiphe pisi). AAC Olive was certificated on 16 Apr. 2019 by the Canadian Seed Growers Association under the authority of the Canada Seeds Act. The certificate number is 2165-2019.
Designing a compact, portable and high efficiency reactor
Authors: Sadeghi H. , Habibi M.
Published: June 2019

In this paper, in order to produce high-energy neutrons, the design of a compact, portable and high efficiency reactor based on a plasma focus device is investigated. The COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to investigate and optimize 16 plasma focus devices with different stored energies for producing neutrons. To keep the fission reactor at the subcritical condition, fuel assembly containing a specific combination of fission fuel of [Formula: see text]U – [Formula: see text]Pu was used. As a result of energetic neutrons produced in the plasma focus device, no radioactive waste remained in the reactor. In addition, an efficient gas cooling system that absorbed and transferred heat was designed using the COMSOL Multiphysics software. The absorbed heat was transferred to the thermo-photo-voltaic converter, and thus electricity was generated with an efficiency of about 40%. Electrical and thermal energies are calculated in each shot for every plasma focus device. Finally, we showed that high frequency plasma focus devices had a high potential to produce energy.
From the particle pair production to the Hawking–Unruh radiation in the maximal acceleration hypothesis
Authors: Feoli Antonio
Published: June 2019

Starting from a nonstandard approach to the Unruh effect, we present a description of the emission of radiation from a black hole that avoids quantization of scalar fields and Bogoliubov transformations, but assumes the existence of a maximal acceleration. In this framework, the description appears closer to the original heuristic Hawking’s point of view, with respect to the standard scenario.
First-principles study of the structural, electronic, magnetic, elastic and optical properties of CoFeZrSi1−xGex(x = 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00)
Authors: Paudel Ramesh , Zhu Jingchuan
Published: June 2019

The effect of germanium doping on the structural, magnetic, elastic and optical properties of the LiMgPdSn-type CoFeZrSi[Formula: see text]Ge[Formula: see text] alloys is predicted by utilizing ab initio density functional theory (DFT) with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and the electronic properties of the materials are investigated by using the generalized gradient approximation plus Hubbard coefficient (GGA + U). The estimated elevated lattice constant of CoFeZrGe compound agrees with existing theoretical data. The optimized lattice constants of CoFeZrSi[Formula: see text]Ge[Formula: see text](x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75) are 5.9022, 5.9631, 5.9752 and 5.9973 Å, respectively. These have been investigated for the very first time. The elastic symmetry (C[Formula: see text], C[Formula: see text], C[Formula: see text], C[Formula: see text], C[Formula: see text] and C[Formula: see text]), bulk modulus, shear modulus, Poisson’s ratio, anisotropy and Pugh ratio (B/G) are predicted and discussed. The calculation of band structure and density of states reveal that the materials considered have half-metallic behavior with 100% spin-polarization. The calculated magnetic moments of CoFeZrSi[Formula: see text]Ge[Formula: see text] are 0.99, 1.06, 1.02, 1.00 and 1.01 [Formula: see text], respectively, and agree with the SP rule, M[Formula: see text] = N[Formula: see text] − 24. The analysis of the elastic moduli indicates that the compounds are mechanically stable with a ductile nature. The CoFeZrSi[Formula: see text]Ge[Formula: see text] alloy is stiffer than the other compounds considered. Moreover, the dielectric functions, optical conductivity, reflectivity and absorption coefficient of CoFeZrSi[Formula: see text]Ge[Formula: see text] compounds are predicted by using complex dielectric functions.
Investigations on surface morphologies, microstructure and thermal properties of tungsten-based composites
Authors: Demir Ertuğrul , Mirzayev Matlab N. , Tugrul A. Beril , Gledenov Yury M. , Turchenko Vitali A. , Yılmaz Ozan , Büyük Bülent , Öveçoğlu M. Lütfi
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this research is to determine the surface morphologies, microstructural and thermal properties of tungsten-based composites that consist of 93 wt.% tungsten (W), 6 wt.% vanadium carbide (VC) and 1 wt.% graphite (C) powders. W-6 wt.% VC-1 wt.% C powders were mechanically alloyed (MA’d) for 6 hrs using a [Formula: see text] with a rate rpm using tungsten carbide vial and balls and sintered at [Formula: see text] for under [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] gas flow conditions. The phase composition and microstructural characterization of the tungsten composites were carried out using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Raman Spectroscopy. SEM images showed the distribution of the tungsten (W), vanadium carbide (VC) and graphite (C) powders and porosity in the tungsten matrix. The Raman spectra exhibited two major peaks, which are recorded at 1331 (vs) [Formula: see text] and 1583 (vs) [Formula: see text] in the Raman spectra. These bands represented carbon phases such as disordered graphite (D) and graphite (G). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements were performed to obtain the weight loss and thermal stability of samples in the temperature range [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] under argon gas atmosphere. The TG curve revealed a total loss of 3.3% of weight at this temperature range. It is considered that the cause of mass loss is due to the oxidation and gas desorption of materials.
Crack–inclusion problem in a long rectangular slab superconductor under viscous flux flow
Authors: Zhao Yu Feng , Xiong Kun
Published: June 2019

We have attempted to study how viscous flux flow affects the crack–inclusion interaction in a long rectangular slab of superconductor during the decreasing field stage under zero-field cooling (ZFC) magnetization process systematically. After some manipulation, the effect of viscous flux flow on the crack–inclusion problem within the superconductor is discussed base on J-integral theory. The simulated results indicate that with the increase of viscous flux flow, the stress intensity factor will increase correspondingly, but the trend of the curve with the elastic modulus, crack length and inclusion radius does not change, associated with the distance between the left crack tip and the inclusion. Compared with viscous flux flow, the effect of the crack length on crack propagation may be more significant under a lower viscous flux flow rate. However, at the higher viscous flux flow, the opposite is true.
Accuracy Improvement of Indoor Real-Time Location Tracking Algorithm for Smart Supermarket Based on Ultra-Wideband
Authors: Hu Guohua , Feldhaus Pascal , Feng Yuwu , Wang Shengjie , Zheng Juan , Duan Huimin , Gu Juanjuan
Published: June 2019

Collecting data like location information is an essential part of concepts like the “IoT” or “Industry 4.0”. In the case of the development of a precise localization system and an integrated navigation system, indoor location technology receives more and more attention and has become a hot research topic. Common indoor location techniques are mainly based on wireless local area network, radio frequency tag, ZigBee technology, Bluetooth technology, infrared technology and ultra-wideband (UWB). However, these techniques are vulnerable to various noise signals and indoor environments, and also the positioning accuracy is easily affected by the complicated indoor environment. We studied the problem of real-time location tracking based on UWB in an indoor environment in this paper. We have proposed a combinational filtering algorithm and an improved Two-Way Ranging (ITWR) method for indoor real-time location tracking. The simulation results prove that the real-time performance and high accuracy of the presented algorithm can improve location accuracy. The experiment shows that the combinational algorithm and ITWR method which are applied to the positioning and navigation of the smart supermarket, have achieved quiet good results in positioning accuracy. The average positioning error is less than 10[Formula: see text]cm, some of the improvements can elevate the positioning accuracy by 17.5%. UWB is a suitable method for indoor real-time location tracking and has important theoretic value and practical significance.
HALF-METALLICITY OF BULK AND (001) SURFACE IN THE Co2FeGa HEUSLER COMPOUND:A THEORETICAL STUDY
Authors: HUSSAIN MOAID K.
Published: June 2019

We analyze the electronic and magnetic characteristics of the Co2FeGa Heusler compound and the surface (001) Co2FeGa with the [Formula: see text] structure based on first principles calculations. The Co2FeGa Heusler possesses high Curie temperatures and magnetization, and is therefore the most studied composition for spintronics applications. We examine the influences of (001) surface and relate interactions on the half-metallicity and the magnetic properties with two ideal terminations named Co–Co and Fe–Ga and modified Co– terminated (001) surfaces. We notice that the half-metallicity seen in the bulk Co2FeGa is destroyed at all terminations, the spin polarization is smaller than that the bulk, the values of the Co–Co, Fe–Ga and Co– terminations are 50%, 27% and 43% respectively, but all surfaces are shown to be metallic due to the surface states staying at the Fermi level despite the confirmed [Formula: see text] band splitting caused by the liaison influence. The calculated magnetic moment of these terminations was found for all the subsurface to be close to that of the bulk system and this makes this compound of maximum benefit in the pilot applications of spintronic systems.
SYNTHESIS OF IODINE DOPED n-BMA THIN FILMS VIA PLASMA POLYMERIZATION TECHNIQUE: EFFECT ON OPTICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: NASRIN RAHIMA , KABIR HUMAYUN , BHUIYAN A. H.
Published: June 2019

In order to understand the variation of surface morphology and optical properties due to modification, an attempt has been made to synthesize iodine-doped n-butyl methacrylate thin films through plasma polymerization technique. Field emission scanning electron microscope images displayed that the surface of the modified plasma polymerized n-butyl methacrylate (PPnBMA) thin films became smooth after iodine doping. Atomic force microscopic analysis reveals that with increasing doping time from 0[Formula: see text]min to 60[Formula: see text]min the surface root-mean-square roughness value is decreased from 0.68[Formula: see text]nm to 0.51[Formula: see text]nm, which suggests that roughness of the PPnBMA thin film surface quite improved due to iodine doping. UV-Vis absorption spectroscopic analyses exhibited that iodine doping noticeably decreased both the direct and indirect energy bandgap values of PPnBMA thin film. The effect of doping by iodine on absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, etc. of these thin films have been also discussed.
INSIGHT INTO STRUCTURAL, OPTICAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF COBALT OXIDE Co3O4 THIN FILM
Authors: BOUREGUIG K. M. E. , TABET-DERRAZ H. , SEDDIK T.
Published: June 2019

In the present paper, experimental investigations on structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of Co3O4 thin film deposited by spray pyrolysis method are reported. Using the interplanar spacing of the XRD reflection and Scherrer formula, respectively, we observed that the obtained films identified crystallize in the cubic spinel structure with [Formula: see text] nm and [Formula: see text] nm. From the SEM picture, a dense grain in the morphology of Co3O4 is detected which has a uniform spherical shape. In addition, transmittance, absorbance, optical bandgap and extinction coefficient of the film versus incident photon energy were calculated. We found that Co3O4 film has a direct bandgap and direct forbidden transition varying from 1.69 eV to 2.85 eV and 1.62 eV to 1.88 eV, respectively. Further, the variation of (DC) electrical resistivity with temperature (from the room temperature of 27∘C to 350∘C) shows that the electrical resistivity was decreased with increasing temperature indicating a semiconducting transport behavior.