bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suizidalität
Authors: Lewitzka Ute , Knappe Susanne
Published: November 2022

Was ist neu?

Ursachen Die Entwicklung eines standardisierten (der jeweiligen Abteilung angepassten) Vorgehens ist für die Risikobeurteilung vorteilhaft. Hierzu gehören beispielsweise die Erfassung von Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren als Basis für die Ableitung konkreter Handlungsempfehlungen.

Suizidprävention Im Hinblick auf Präventionsmaßnahmen konnte insbesondere für die Methodenrestriktion als Public-Health-Ansatz sowie die Verbesserung der Behandlung psychischer Erkrankungen (v. a. der Depression) als gesundheitspolitischer Ansatz eine profunde Evidenz gezeigt werden. Die Etablierung regelmäßiger Schulungen/Weiterbildungen in den helfenden Berufen (schichtenübergreifend) ist essenziell zur differenzierten Einschätzung des Suizidrisikos notwendig.

Suizidalität in Klinik und Praxis Die systematische und wiederholte Erfassung von Risikofaktoren (gemäß psychometrisch validierter Skalen) sagt im Einzelfall nichts über das tatsächliche Suizidrisiko eines Individuums aus. Der Wert eines standardisierten Prozesses liegt also nicht in der Vorhersagemöglichkeit eines einzelnen Suizids, sondern in der Einschätzung verschiedener Faktoren, die die Grundlage bilden, Suizidalität zu erkennen und damit gezielte besser zugeschnittene Interventionen zu ermöglichen. Unabhängig von der eigenen Haltung des Arztes/Therapeuten ist das Wissen über die Einschätzung von Suizidalität (inkl. Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren) sowie die daraus resultierenden Konsequenzen die Grundlage für den Umgang mit suizidalen Patienten.

Merkmale eines Gesprächs zur Einschätzung des Suizidrisikos Krisenhafte Zustände mit akuter Suizidalität sind in den meisten Fällen von vorübergehender (und eher kürzerer) Dauer. Schaffen wir es, den Menschen durch diese Zeit zu begleiten, ist mit zunehmendem Zeitabstand oft eine Neubewertung und (erneute) Lebensorientierung möglich.

Psychotherapeutische/pharmakologische Möglichkeiten Zur Behandlung der unterschiedlichen Facetten von Suizidalität steht eine Anzahl von allgemeinen, z. B. pflegerischen sowie speziellen Maßnahmen (psychotherapeutische Begleitung, medikamentöse Therapie, Soziotherapie) in verschiedenen Settings zur Verfügung. Diese sollten auf die individuellen Bedürfnisse des Patienten abgestimmt sein.
Endokrine Disruptoren
Authors: Kürzinger Lydia , Fassnacht Martin , Dischinger Ulrich
Published: November 2022

Was ist neu?

Definition Eine einheitliche Definition endokriner Disruptoren gibt es noch nicht. Inzwischen wurden jedoch Schlüsselcharakteristika definiert, welche die Einordnung einer Substanz als endokrinen Disruptor vereinfachen sollen.

Bisherige Forschungsschwerpunkte Der Einfluss endokriner Disruptoren auf den menschlichen Organismus wurde bisher wenig untersucht. Die Schwerpunkte der bisherigen Forschung liegen auf Stoffwechsel-Erkrankungen und Reproduktionsmedizin.

Aktuelle Forschungsbemühungen und Ausblick Die bisherigen Erkenntnisse zu endokrinen Disruptoren beruhen auf epidemiologischen Beobachtungen und Expositionsstudien in Zellkultur und Tierexperimenten. Auch Ökologie und Ökonomie werden durch endokrine Disruptoren beeinflusst. Daher sind globale Bemühungen notwendig, um irreversible Schäden aufzuhalten.
Endovascular Repair of an Inflammatory Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Combined with a Congenital Pelvic Kidney: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Papadoulas Spyros , Kouri Natasa , Tsimpoukis Andreas , Zampakis Petros , Papasotiriou Marios , Moulakakis Konstantinos G. , Kakkos Stavros K.
Published: November 2022

The coexistence of an abdominal aortic aneurysm and a congenital pelvic kidney is extremely rare. We present a 66-year-old male with an inflammatory aneurysm and an aberrant origin of the superior mesenteric artery. The inflammatory infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm with a congenital left pelvic kidney was successfully treated with endovascular repair. Coverage of one out of the two renal ectopic arteries was performed, without clinical evidence of renal function impairment.
High Prevalence of Thoracic Aortic Dilatation in Men with Previous Inguinal Hernia Repair
Authors: Carlestål Emelie , Thorell Anders , Bergstrand Lott , Wilamowski Francis , Franco-Cereceda Anders , Olsson Christian
Published: November 2022

Background Identifying a useful marker for thoracic aortic dilatation (TAD) could help improve informed clinical decisions, enhance diagnosis, and develop TAD screening programs. Inguinal hernia could be such a marker. This study tested the hypothesis that the thoracic aorta is larger and more often dilated in men with previous inguinal hernia repair versus nonhernia controls.

Methods Four hundred men each with either previous inguinal hernia repair or cholecystectomy (controls) were identified to undergo chest computed tomography to measure the diameter of the thoracic aorta in the aortic root, ascending, isthmic, and descending aorta and to provide self-reported health data. Presence of TAD (root or ascending diameter > 45 mm; isthmic or descending diameter > 35 mm) and thoracic aortic diameters were compared between groups and associations explored using uni- and multivariable statistical methods.

Results Complete data were obtained from 470/718 (65%) eligible participants. TAD prevalence was significantly higher in the inguinal hernia group: 21 (10%) versus 6 (2.4%), p = 0.001 for proximal TAD, 29 (13%) versus 21 (8.3%), p = 0.049 for distal TAD, and 50 (23%) versus 27 (11%), p < 0.001 for all aortic segments combined. In multivariable analysis, previous inguinal hernia repair was independently associated with dilatation of the proximal aorta (odds ratio 5.3, 95% confidence interval 1.8–15, p = 0.003). Contrarily, mean thoracic aortic diameters were similar (root and ascending aorta) or showed clinically irrelevant differences (isthmus and descending aorta).

Conclusion TAD, but not increased aortic diameters on average, was common and significantly more prevalent in men with previous inguinal hernia repair. Hernia could be a marker condition associated with increased prevalence of TAD. Ultimately, TAD screening could consider hernia as a possible selection criterion.
The Role of Thromboelastography during the Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage: Background, Evidence, and Practical Application
Authors: Collis Rachel , Bell Sarah
Published: November 2022

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a common cause of significant maternal morbidity and mortality that can be associated with coagulopathy, especially hypofibrinogenemia. There is interest in point-of-care viscoelastic hemostatic assays (POC-VHA) in PPH because prompt knowledge of coagulation status can aid diagnosis, identify cases of severe coagulopathy, and allow ongoing monitoring during rapid bleeding. The incidence of coagulopathy in most cases of PPH is low because of the procoagulant state of pregnancy, including raised fibrinogen levels of around 4 to 6 g/L. A Clauss fibrinogen of >2 g/L or POC-VHA equivalent has been found to be adequate for hemostasis during PPH. POC-VHA has been used successfully to diagnose hypofibrinogenemia (Clauss fibrinogen of ≤2 g/L) and guide fibrinogen treatment which has reduced bleed size and complications of massive transfusion. There are uncertainties about the use of POC-VHA to direct fresh frozen plasma and platelet administration during PPH. Several POC-VHA algorithms have been used successfully incorporated in the management of many thousands of PPHs and clinicians report that they are easy to use, interpret, and aid decision making. Due to the relative cost of POC-VHA and lack of definitive data on improving outcomes, these devices have not been universally adopted during PPH.
Resonant Acoustic Rheometry to Measure Coagulation Kinetics in Hemophilia A and Healthy Plasma: A Novel Viscoelastic Method
Authors: Li Weiping , Hobson Eric C. , Bunch Connor M. , Miller Joseph B. , Nehme Jimmy , Kwaan Hau C. , Walsh Mark M. , McCurdy Michael T. , Aversa John G. , Thomas Anthony V. , Zackariya Nuha , Thomas Samuel J. , Smith Stephanie A. , Cook Bernard C. , Boyd Bryan , Stegemann Jan P. , Deng Cheri X.
Published: November 2022

Compared with conventional coagulation tests and factor-specific assays, viscoelastic hemostatic assays (VHAs) can provide a more thorough evaluation of clot formation and lysis but have several limitations including clot deformation. In this proof-of-concept study, we test a noncontact technique, termed resonant acoustic rheometry (RAR), for measuring the kinetics of human plasma coagulation. Specifically, RAR utilizes a dual-mode ultrasound technique to induce and detect surface oscillation of blood samples without direct physical contact and measures the resonant frequency of the surface oscillation over time, which is reflective of the viscoelasticity of the sample. Analysis of RAR results of normal plasma allowed defining a set of parameters for quantifying coagulation. RAR detected a flat-line tracing of resonant frequency in hemophilia A plasma that was corrected with the addition of tissue factor. Our RAR results captured the kinetics of plasma coagulation and the newly defined RAR parameters correlated with increasing tissue factor concentration in both healthy and hemophilia A plasma. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of RAR as a novel approach for VHA, providing the foundation for future studies to compare RAR parameters to conventional coagulation tests, factor-specific assays, and VHA parameters.
Fibrinolysis Shutdown and Hypofibrinolysis Are Not Synonymous Terms: The Clinical Significance of Differentiating Low Fibrinolytic States
Authors: Moore Hunter B.
Published: November 2022

Low fibrinolytic activity has been associated with pathologic thrombosis and multiple-organ failure. Low fibrinolytic activity has two commonly associated terms, hypofibrinolysis and fibrinolysis shutdown. Hypofibrinolysis is a chronic state of lack of ability to generate an appropriate fibrinolytic response when anticipated. Fibrinolysis shutdown is the shutdown of fibrinolysis after systemic activation of the fibrinolytic system. There has been interchanging of these terms to describe critically ill patients in multiple settings. This is problematic in understanding the pathophysiology of disease processes related to these conditions. There is also a lack of research on the cellular mediators of these processes. The purpose of this article is to review the on and off mechanisms of fibrinolysis in the context of low fibrinolytic states to define the importance in differentiating hypofibrinolysis from fibrinolysis shutdown. In many clinical scenarios, the etiology of a low fibrinolytic state cannot be determined due to ambiguity if a preceding fibrinolytic activation event occurred. In this scenario, the term “low fibrinolytic activity” or “fibrinolysis resistance” is a more appropriate descriptor, rather than using assumptive of hypofibrinolysis and fibrinolysis shutdown, particularly in the acute setting of infection, injury, and surgery.
Performing the meanings of money in the trials of war orphans against Japan
Authors: Ahn Hyangseon , Ng Kwai Hang
Published: November 2022

Utilitarian accounts of monetary disputes hinge on too limited an understanding of the nature of money. This limitation is particularly salient when it is applied to studying the disputes regarding compensation in historical grievance litigations. This article, based on in-depth interviews with 40 “war orphans,” Japanese citizens who were left behind in China after Japan’s surrender in 1945, shows how parties primarily disagree on the question of “What for?” and not “How much?” We argue that the disputes centered around the meaning of the money offered by the Japanese government. We identify three types of “money acts” through which money is demanded and justified, labeled and categorized, divided and distributed. The lingering resentment felt by the war orphans can only be made sense of by attending to the meaning dimension of this legal-cum-political dispute that lasted for a decade.
Philanthropy plays a growing role in funding US physical sciences
Authors: Feder Toni
Published: November 2022

To buy equipment, build infrastructure, foster collaborations, and more, scientists are benefitting from—and relying on—private money.
A journey to touch the Sun
Authors: Raouafi Nour E.
Published: November 2022

The Parker Solar Probe is braving extreme conditions to explore the mysterious solar corona, a region that harbors some of the most difficult-to-understand phenomena in astrophysics.
Certain calcium channel inhibitors exhibit a number of secondary effects on the physiological properties in
Authors: Pupkis Vilmantas , Lapeikaite Indre , Kavaliauskas Julius , Trębacz Kazimierz , Kisnieriene Vilma
Published: November 2022

An unsolved problem of contemporary plant electrophysiology is the identity of Ca2+ channels responsible for the initiation of the action potential. We took a pharmacological approach and applied several Ca2+ channel blockers (verapamil, tetrandrine, and NED-19) on a Characean (Nitellopsis obtusa) algae model system. The impact of the selected pharmaceuticals on the parameters of excitation transients of a single cell was analysed employing the two-electrode voltage clamp technique. It was revealed that tetrandrine exerted no effect, while both verapamil and NED-19 prolonged activation and inactivation durations of the excitatory Cl− current. NED-19 also significantly depolarised the excitation threshold membrane potential and shifted Ca2+ current reversal potential. Thus, NED-19 most specifically targeted Ca2+ channels. A viability assay paired with observations of cytoplasmic streaming revealed that verapamil affected not only Ca2+ channels but also exhibited non-specific effects, which eventually lead to cell death. Since many potential Ca2+ channel blockers exert additional undesirable non-specific effects, our study underlines the necessity to search for new more specific modulators of plant Ca2+ transport systems.
Spanish-influenced lexical phenomena in emerging Miami English
Authors: Carter Phillip M. , Merii Kristen D’Alessandro
Published: November 2022

This study considers the role of Spanish-to-English calques in a variety of English that has developed alongside Spanish in Miami (U.S.). Data were obtained from three sources: (1) a production experiment (translation task) conducted with two generations of Cuban Americans, (2) a perception experiment (acceptability task) conducted with Miami-based raters and raters from a national audience using Mechanical Turk, and (3) calques and related lexico-semantic phenomena culled from a corpus of sociolinguistic interviews conducted with Latinx college students. Results of the production task show that Spanish-dominant participants make robust use of calque expressions; second-generation participants use them less. Results of mixed linear effects regression analysis show that Miamians perceive of local expressions more favorably than national participants, though like national raters rank non-calque expressions more highly than calques. The approval of the Miami raters to the local expressions was driven primarily by six test items: (e.g.get down from the car).
From EFL teacher to CLIL teacher in Estonia
Authors: Raud Nina , Orehhova Olga
Published: November 2022

Content and language integrated learning (CLIL) has been adopted in many countries as an attractive methodology to enhance both subject and language teaching. Successful implementation of CLIL is preconditioned by the availability of qualified CLIL teachers, which can be ensured through both pre-service and in-service teacher training. The article introduces a case of designing and implementing an in-service training course of CLIL methodology for English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers in Estonia. The results of a one year-long longitudinal study of EFL teachers’ professional development in CLIL methodology (2018–2019) have been used to develop and implement a needs-analysis-based CLIL in-service training course for a wider community of teachers of English in Estonia (2019–2020). The approach to designing such a tailored in-service training course of CLIL methodology can be applied by teacher educators in other educational contexts and countries.
When Contrastive Analysis meets Translation Studies
Authors: Shang Xin
Published: November 2022

Contrastive Analysis and Translation Studies began to merge in the late 1990s through the bridging role of corpus linguistics. This corpus-driven, contrastive-analysis approach to Translation Studies now faces several challenges including the inappropriate use of corpora, a disconnect in the logical relationship between Contrastive Analysis and Translation Studies, and the potential for distorted results caused by translational data. To overcome these difficulties, this article proposes an alternative approach called thecorpus-tested Contrastive Analysis approach to Translation Studies, which draws on the typical empirical cycle of observation, induction, deduction, testing, and evaluation. The alternative approach proposed in this article requires both comparable corpora and translational corpora to account for key aspects of Contrastive Analysis and Translation Studies, and ensures the internal logical connection between these two areas, which can be attributed to the entailment law ‘ifp, thenq’.
Pre-weld friction stir processing enabling strong and ductile fusion welds on AZ91 magnesium alloy
Authors: Jiryaei Sharahi Hasan , Pouranvari Majid , Movahedi Mojtaba
Published: November 2022

Liquation in the partially melted zone (PMZ) is the critical weldability issue of cast AZ91 magnesium alloy. Friction stir processing (FSP) is used as a local pre-weld treatment to create a local liquation-resistant microstructure in cast AZ91 alloy during arc welding. The effects of tool rotational speed during pre-weld FSP on the liquation-related microstructural features (i.e. grain structure, size and volume fraction of eutectic β-Mg17Al12) and the liquation characteristics of the fusion-welded AZ91 (i.e. PMZ size and grain boundary liquid film thickness) were investigated. The pre-weld FSP treatment of the cast AZ91 significantly improved the tensile strength and ductility of the welds mainly due to significant reduction in the thickness of the re-solidified eutectic β-Mg17Al12 film in the PMZ.
Lorentzian vacuum transitions with a generalized uncertainty principle
Authors: García-Compeán H , Mata-Pacheco D
Published: November 2022

The vacuum transition probabilities between to minima of a scalar field potential in the presence of gravity are studied using the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation. First we propose a method to compute these transition probabilities by solving the Wheeler–DeWitt equation in a semi-classical approach for any model of superspace that contains terms of squared as well as linear momenta in the Hamiltonian constraint generalizing in this way previous results. Then we apply this method to compute the transition probabilities for a Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) metric with positive and null curvature and for the Bianchi III metric when the coordinates of minisuperspace obey a Standard Uncertainty Principle and when a Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) is taken into account. In all cases we compare the results and found that the effect of considering a GUP is that the probability is enhanced at first but it decays faster so when the corresponding scale factor is big enough the probability is reduced. We also consider the effect of anisotropy and compare the result of the Bianchi III metric with the flat FLRW metric which corresponds to its isotropy limit and comment the differences with previous works.
How to build an epithelial tree
Authors: Paramore Sarah V , Goodwin Katharine , Nelson Celeste M
Published: November 2022

Nature has evolved a variety of mechanisms to build epithelial trees of diverse architectures within different organs and across species. Epithelial trees are elaborated through branch initiation and extension, and their morphogenesis ends with branch termination. Each of these steps of the branching process can be driven by the actions of epithelial cells themselves (epithelial-intrinsic mechanisms) or by the cells of their surrounding tissues (epithelial-extrinsic mechanisms). Here, we describe examples of how these mechanisms drive each stage of branching morphogenesis, drawing primarily from studies of the lung, kidney, salivary gland, mammary gland, and pancreas, all of which contain epithelial trees that form through collective cell behaviors. Much of our understanding of epithelial branching comes from experiments using mice, but we also include examples here from avian and reptilian models. Throughout, we highlight how distinct mechanisms are employed in different organs and species to build epithelial trees. We also highlight how similar morphogenetic motifs are used to carry out conserved developmental programs or repurposed to support novel ones. Understanding the unique strategies used by nature to build branched epithelia from across the tree of life can help to inspire creative solutions to problems in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Photometric Properties and Stellar Parameters of the Rapidly Rotating Magnetic Early-B Star HD 345439
Authors: Shen Dong-Xiang , Liu Jin-Zhong , Zhu Chun-Hua , Lü Guo-Liang , Zhang Yu , Lü Cheng-Long , Wang Hao-Zhi , Li Lei , Lu Xi-Zhen , Yu Jin-Long , Rustem Abdurepqet
Published: November 2022

We first present the multicolor photometry results of the rapidly rotating magnetic star HD 345439 using the Nanshan One-meter Wide-field Telescope. From the photometric observations, we derive a rotational period of 0.7699 ± 0.0014 day. The light curves of HD 345439 are dominated by the double asymmetric S-wave feature that arises from the magnetic clouds. Pulsating behaviors are not observed in Sector 41 of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. No evidence is found of the occurrence of centrifugal breakout events neither in the residual flux nor in the systematic variations at the extremum of the light curve. Based on the hypothesis of the Rigidly Rotating Magnetosphere model, we restrict the magnetic obliquity angle β and the rotational inclination angle i so that they satisfy the approximate relation β + i ≈ 105°. The color excess, extinction, and luminosity are determined to be E
(B−V) = 0.745 ± 0.016 mag, A

V
= 2.31 ± 0.05 mag, and

log
(
L

/

L

⊙

)
=
3.82
±
0.1

dex, respectively. Furthermore, we derive the effective temperature as T
eff = 22 ± 1 kK and the surface gravity as log g = 4.00 ± 0.22. The mass

M
=

7.24

−
1.24

+
1.75

M

⊙

, radius

R
=

4.44

−
1.93

+
2.68

R

⊙

, and age

τ

age

=
23.62

−
21.97

+
4.24

Myr are estimated from the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram.
Use of regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces and intramuscular electrodes to improve prosthetic grasp selection: a case study
Authors: Lee Christina , Vaskov Alex K , Gonzalez Michael A , Vu Philip P , Davis Alicia J , Cederna Paul S , Chestek Cynthia A , Gates Deanna H
Published: November 2022

Objective. Advanced myoelectric hands enable users to select from multiple functional grasps. Current methods for controlling these hands are unintuitive and require frequent recalibration. This case study assessed the performance of tasks involving grasp selection, object interaction, and dynamic postural changes using intramuscular electrodes with regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces (RPNIs) and residual muscles. Approach. One female with unilateral transradial amputation participated in a series of experiments to compare the performance of grasp selection controllers with RPNIs and intramuscular control signals with controllers using surface electrodes. These experiments included a virtual grasp-matching task with and without a concurrent cognitive task and physical tasks with a prosthesis including standardized functional assessments and a functional assessment where the individual made a cup of coffee (‘Coffee Task’) that required grasp transitions. Main results. In the virtual environment, the participant was able to select between four functional grasps with higher accuracy using the RPNI controller (92.5%) compared to surface controllers (81.9%). With the concurrent cognitive task, performance of the virtual task was more consistent with RPNI controllers (reduced accuracy by 1.1%) compared to with surface controllers (4.8%). When RPNI signals were excluded from the controller with intramuscular electromyography (i.e. residual muscles only), grasp selection accuracy decreased by up to 24%. The participant completed the Coffee Task with 11.7% longer completion time with the surface controller than with the RPNI controller. She also completed the Coffee Task with 11 fewer transition errors out of a maximum of 25 total errors when using the RPNI controller compared to surface controller. Significance. The use of RPNI signals in concert with residual muscles and intramuscular electrodes can improve grasp selection accuracy in both virtual and physical environments. This approach yielded consistent performance without recalibration needs while reducing cognitive load associated with pattern recognition for myoelectric control (clinical trial registration number NCT03260400).
Decoding lexical tones and vowels in imagined tonal monosyllables using fNIRS signals
Authors: Guo Zengzhi , Chen Fei
Published: November 2022

Objective. Speech is a common way of communication. Decoding verbal intent could provide a naturalistic communication way for people with severe motor disabilities. Active brain computer interaction (BCI) speller is one of the most commonly used speech BCIs. To reduce the spelling time of Chinese words, identifying vowels and tones that are embedded in imagined Chinese words is essential. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been widely used in BCI because it is portable, non-invasive, safe, low cost, and has a relatively high spatial resolution. Approach. In this study, an active BCI speller based on fNIRS is presented by covertly rehearsing tonal monosyllables with vowels (i.e. /a/, /i/, /o/, and /u/) and four lexical tones in Mandarin Chinese (i.e. tones 1, 2, 3, and 4) for 10 s. Main results. fNIRS results showed significant differences in the right superior temporal gyrus between imagined vowels with tone 2/3/4 and those with tone 1 (i.e. more activations and stronger connections to other brain regions for imagined vowels with tones 2/3/4 than for those with tone 1). Speech-related areas for tone imagery (i.e. the right hemisphere) provided majority of information for identifying tones, while the left hemisphere had advantages in vowel identification. Having decoded both vowels and tones during the post-stimulus 15 s period, the average classification accuracies exceeded 40% and 70% in multiclass (i.e. four classes) and binary settings, respectively. To spell words more quickly, the time window size for decoding was reduced from 15 s to 2.5 s while the classification accuracies were not significantly reduced. Significance. For the first time, this work demonstrated the possibility of discriminating lexical tones and vowels in imagined tonal syllables simultaneously. In addition, the reduced time window for decoding indicated that the spelling time of Chinese words could be significantly reduced in the fNIRS-based BCIs.
Improving pre-movement pattern detection with filter bank selection
Authors: Jia Hao , Sun Zhe , Duan Feng , Zhang Yu , Caiafa Cesar F , Solé-Casals Jordi
Published: November 2022

Objective. Pre-movement decoding plays an important role in detecting the onsets of actions using low-frequency electroencephalography (EEG) signals before the movement of an upper limb. In this work, a binary classification method is proposed between two different states. Approach. The proposed method, referred to as filter bank standard task-related component analysis (FBTRCA), is to incorporate filter bank selection into the standard task-related component analysis (STRCA) method. In FBTRCA, the EEG signals are first divided into multiple sub-bands which start at specific fixed frequencies and end frequencies that follow in an arithmetic sequence. The STRCA method is then applied to the EEG signals in these bands to extract CCPs. The minimum redundancy maximum relevance feature selection method is used to select essential features from these correlation patterns in all sub-bands. Finally, the selected features are classified using the binary support vector machine classifier. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is an alternative approach to select canonical correlation patterns. Main Results. Three methods were evaluated using EEG signals in the time window from 2 s before the movement onset to 1 s after the movement onset. In the binary classification between a movement state and the resting state, the FBTRCA achieved an average accuracy of 0.8968 ± 0.0847 while the accuracies of STRCA and CNN were 0.8228 ± 0.1149 and 0.8828 ± 0.0917, respectively. In the binary classification between two actions, the accuracies of STRCA, CNN, and FBTRCA were 0.6611 ± 0.1432, 0.6993 ± 0.1271, 0.7178 ± 0.1274, respectively. Feature selection using filter banks, as in FBTRCA, produces comparable results to STRCA. Significance. The proposed method provides a way to select filter banks in pre-movement decoding, and thus it improves the classification performance. The improved pre-movement decoding of single upper limb movements is expected to provide people with severe motor disabilities with a more natural, non-invasive control of their external devices.
Simultaneous multiple-stimulus auditory brain–computer interface with semi-supervised learning and prior probability distribution tuning
Authors: Ogino Mikito , Hamada Nozomu , Mitsukura Yasue
Published: November 2022

Objective. Auditory brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) enable users to select commands based on the brain activity elicited by auditory stimuli. However, existing auditory BCI paradigms cannot increase the number of available commands without decreasing the selection speed, because each stimulus needs to be presented independently and sequentially under the standard oddball paradigm. To solve this problem, we propose a double-stimulus paradigm that simultaneously presents multiple auditory stimuli. Approach. For addition to an existing auditory BCI paradigm, the best discriminable sound was chosen following a subjective assessment. The new sound was located on the right-hand side and presented simultaneously with an existing sound from the left-hand side. A total of six sounds were used for implementing the auditory BCI with a 6 × 6 letter matrix. We employ semi-supervised learning (SSL) and prior probability distribution tuning to improve the accuracy of the paradigm. The SSL method involved updating of the classifier weights, and their prior probability distributions were adjusted using the following three types of distributions: uniform, empirical, and extended empirical (e-empirical). The performance was evaluated based on the BCI accuracy and information transfer rate (ITR). Main results. The double-stimulus paradigm resulted in a BCI accuracy of 67.89 ± 11.46% and an ITR of 2.67 ± 1.09 bits min−1, in the absence of SSL and with uniform distribution. The proposed combination of SSL with e-empirical distribution improved the BCI accuracy and ITR to 74.59 ± 12.12% and 3.37 ± 1.27 bits min−1, respectively. The event-related potential analysis revealed that contralateral and right-hemispheric dominances contributed to the BCI performance improvement. Significance. Our study demonstrated that a BCI based on multiple simultaneous auditory stimuli, incorporating SSL and e-empirical prior distribution, can increase the number of commands without sacrificing typing speed beyond the acceptable level of accuracy.
Study of the Secant Pile Wall technique, its application and Sustainable Construction Using the Non-Biodegradable Waste as partial replacement for Concrete materials
Authors: Chakole Pallavi , Date Shubham
Published: November 2022

The planning and execution of the project of a Secant Pile wall are presented in this study. Secant pile walls are a type of embedded retaining wall that allows for excavation of great depths in water-logged terrain and soft sub stratum. To construct the walls, pilings are placed in a certain order. Soft piles are set first, then hard piles are laid on both sides, overlapping and cutting through the soft piles. This design can also be utilised as a cut-off wall for fine sands and very soft wet soils.

In light of the significant growth, the idea of using non-biodegradable trash in concrete is also incorporated. Many non-biodegradable wastes exist; this study includes research on the potential reuse of ceramic waste, plastic granules, and glass trash as partial replacements in concrete materials. These waste materials are collected in various percentages and replenished using the cited publications. The properties of concrete containing the appropriate waste material are investigated.
Thermal Performance Improvement of Modified Hemispherical Cavity Receiver with Air Curtain
Authors: Simer Abhishek , Maurya Akanksha , Kumar Anoop
Published: November 2022

Heat losses from solar cavity receivers degrade the efficiency of solar parabolic dish collector system. Specifically, increased convection losses emulate a significant contribution in decreasing the performance of the modified solar cavity receiver and hence, reducing these convection losses has become a matter of great concern. The Air curtain plays a crucial role in minimizing the convection losses. This work proposes an air curtain-based modified cavity receiver wherein a plane nozzle is placed on the face of receiver to produce air curtain effect. Air curtain will prevent hot air from escaping the modified cavity receiver and increase the stagnation zone inside it to reduce natural convection on the surfaces. Numerical analyses are performed considering different air velocities and receiver orientations to evaluate the effect of air curtains on the convection losses. The impact of plane air nozzle parameters like outlet temperature, inclination, and outlet velocity of the nozzle on convection losses are shown and these parameters’ optimal value is evaluated. Our results state that the air curtain attached to the modified solar cavity receiver significantly improves performance by reducing the convection losses.
Effect of undercut slots on the overall performance of microchannel heatsink
Authors: Nawaz Khan M , Karimi M N , Khan M A , Siddiqui M Y , Rehmaan T
Published: November 2022

In the current study, a numerical analysis has been performed to examine the performance characteristics of the slotted microchannel heat sink. Twelve equidistant slots are entrenched at the base wall of the channel. Four different shapes of slots are considered in this study. They are rectangular (case 1), trapezoidal (case 2), V (case 3) and curved shaped (case 4). Numerical simulations have been performed for these cases with Reynold’s number ranging between 150 to 350 with a constant heat flux of 100 W/cm2 and the results are compared with the plain channel. It is observed that cases 1 and 2 have higher overall thermal performance than the plain channel in which case 2 outperforms case 1 whereas the performance of cases 3 and 4 are lower than the plain microchannel. It is suggested from the analysis that the plain microchannel may be replaced by a trapezoidal shape slotted microchannel in further studies.
Numerical analysis of heat transfer from perforated fins of an induction motor housing
Authors: Bhambere M B , Chaudhari S S
Published: November 2022

The major goal of this research article is to demonstrate how perforation on the fin surface of an induction motor’s housing improves cooling performance. Heat transfer study was also conducted between traditional fins and the suggested perforated fins housing. An Induction Motor (IM) overheats as a result of continuous operation, raising its temperature, lowering its performance and shortening its lifespan. The innovative designs and development of fins are necessary for effective cooling and enhancing the thermal performance of IM. In the present work, the thermal analysis of induction motor is carried out by means of providing the perforations on existing fins and varying perforation size from 4 mm to 10 mm diameters and number of perforation from 20 to 11, on fins and observed the steady state heat transfer and temperature variation. In this regard, the half part of IM is modelled because of symmetry and steady state thermal analysis is carried out for un-finned, solid fins and perforated fins using ANSYS software. Results show that, more reduction in temperature on the surface of IM is observed in case of perforated fins having 11 perforations of 10 mm diameter, as compared to the other cases.
Numerical Simulation of Nucleate Boiling Heat Transfer Performance using SiO2/Water Nanofluid
Authors: Singh Akshay Kumar , Singh Sudhir Kumar , Sharma Deepak
Published: November 2022

Nucleate boiling regime is the most efficient regime that gives the maximum heat flux at the wall superheat range of 5 °C to 30 °C. In this current study, the nucleate pool boiling heat transfer performance of SiO2/water nanofluid are studied numerically. The effect of volume fraction (0.01 – 0.06 vol. %) of nanofluid on heat transfer coefficient and wall superheat are investigated. The variation in heat transfer coefficient (HTC) & wall superheat with different heat flux are investigated. Eulerian multiphase approach with RPI boiling model is used to carry out the simulation. The pool boiling heat transfer performance increased with rise in volume concentration of nanofluid up to an optimum concentration of 0.05 % and then it starts to decrease. A reduction in wall superheat of 6.7 %, 8.43 %, 11.27 % and 9.3 % are obtained for SiO2/water nanofluid with volumetric concentration of 0.01, 0.02, 0.05 and 0.06 vol. % respectively as compared to base fluid. Heat transfer coefficient enhanced by 3.55 %, 7.2 %, 23.87 % and 19.67 % for SiO2/water nanofluid with volumetric concentration of 0.01, 0.02, 0.05 and 0.06 vol. % respectively as compared to base fluid.
Optimization and fabrication of Load carrying device design using ANSYS DO Module
Authors: Gangwar Ansh , Srivastava Sambhrant , Kumar Adesh , Umar Md
Published: November 2022

Simulation technique is one of the advanced techniques in Finite Element Method. It is used as one of the tools for designing and analysis of any structure. Load carrying device is important for labors in construction works, cargo carrying etc. because the most efficient and cheap design can help them from hazardous and poisonous environment. Different load carrying device are available but their optimization regarding the load is still a challenge. In this work we have taken reference of female labors carrying load on their head like, bricks, cement, concrete on construction sites. To achieve this, a parametric design is done in ANSYS software and optimize the shape and mass of load carrying device using DO module. Then using guadua bamboo a load carrying device is made and its weight is measured. Load carrying device suitability is checked by carrying bricks on the construction site.
Effects of processes parameters on spring back, wrinkles and cracks in different flanging processes: A Review
Authors: Kumar Surendra , Singh Pradeep , Soni Manoj , Shakya J.P. , Panthi Sanjay Kumar , Ahmed Meraj
Published: November 2022

Flanging is an important type of sheet metal bending process. In present review, an effort was made to explore the contributions of various researchers to drawn out the cause of defects in the flanging process. Several parameters such as geometrical, material and process parameters affect the formability of the flanging process. In straight flanging process, spring back (due to elastic recovery) is a major problem that affects dimensional and geometrical accuracy of a bent component. Several factors are responsible for springback such as – profile radius of punch and die, bend angle, thickness of sheet, clearance between punch and die, blank-holder force, Young’s modulus, n-value, yield stress, plastic anisotropy of materials, velocity of punch etc. In shrink flanging process, wrinkling is the prime concern that occurs due to the excessive compressive stress in the flange portion. It is mostly affected by mechanical properties of material (R-value, n–value etc.), geometry of the tools and blank, process parameters. In stretch flanging process, the effect of material parameters is found to be less as compared to geometrical parameters for crack initiation and thinning.
Structural and modal analysis of gas turbine blade using ansys
Authors: Paricharak Hrushikesh , Tiwari S.K.
Published: November 2022

Gas turbine technology has advanced significantly during the last twenty years. The advancement in materials technology, new coatings, and novel cooling techniques are driving the expansion. Material selection is critical since turbomachinery design is complicated, and material performance is directly connected to efficiency. The materials should be able to withstand high vibrations, high temperature, and pressure. In this work, the maximum stress and the deformation induced due to pressure were determined to study the vibrational response, mode shapes, and natural frequencies. Four different materials have been considered, namely Inconel 617, Titanium alloy, Rhenium alloy, and Nimonic 80A. A suitable material for a gas turbine blade was suggested after analyzing these materials. The 3D CAD model is modeled in CATIA V5 and analysis is carried out using FEM-based software ANSYS
CAD/CAM Engineering And Artificial Intelligence In Dentistry
Authors: Naidu Vyankatesh , Jaju Santosh
Published: November 2022

Artificial Intelligence is an instantly growing technology that has mesmerized the intellect of experimenters and researchers around the world. Since its commencement dentistry has glimpsed many incredible successes. As the fate of dentistry is adjoining the execution of AI applications, therefore, this condition needs each dentist to get educated and trained. The prelude of robotics to the healthcare sector has boosted the exactness and accurateness in a surgical procedure. However, the position of the dentist cannot be replaced by AI, but AI can be the tool for enhancing the process of dentistry.
Weight optimization and finite element analysis of automobile leaf spring: A design construction referred to electric vehicle
Authors: Shohel Shad Mohammad , Gupta Shaptarshi Sen , Riyad Sabbir Hossain
Published: November 2022

In the current era, an automobile vehicle company’s major focus is now on conserving natural resources, reducing consumption of fuel, and reducing the weight of vehicle components. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption and mitigate global warming, an electric vehicle will be a viable option. However, the EV’s main issue is the vehicle’s battery longevity. More power is necessary to drive a vehicle. The best solution to the issue is to reduce the vehicle component weight. Electric Vehicle suspension systems are another sector in which these developments are performed on a regular basis. Substantial steps are being taken to improve the vehicle ride quality. In this study, static and dynamic analysis has been carried out by finite element analysis at Ansys workbench and taken structural steel material for mono leaf spring. In composite material, carbon fiber and glass fiber have been considered as reinforcement and resin epoxy has been taken as matrix for mono leaf spring. The composite material fabrication has been accomplished layer by layer at Ansys ACP. After analysis, this study has revealed that by using composite material a magnificent amount of weight reduction has been achieved without sacrificing load-bearing capability, strength, and rigidity.
Design and Analysis of tool for fractured abutment screw removal from the dental implant body
Authors: Shedmake Swapnil , Awate Nilesh , Walke Pramod , Bhoneja Barkha
Published: November 2022

Implant-based restoration is currently seen to be a more reliable option with higher success rates. Biological and technological problems, on the other hand, are common. An implant insertion complication well known to many is the loosening of the abutment screw. Fractures of the implant-abutment may cause the implant to fail to function efficiently as they may leave a fragment inside the implant. This study aimed to introduce the modified design of a tool to extract the stripped abutment screw from the implant body and to analyses the deformation, stress and strain acting on the tool using the finite element method.
Enhancement in the teeth cutting operation on gear hobbing machine
Authors: Bore Gaurav , Bhaiswar Vinod , Shelke Rupesh , Verma Navin
Published: November 2022

Gear is mechanical component mounted on the shaft to transmit the power from one shaft to another. Gear is mostly manufactured by using the hobbing process. In hobbing process the tooth are cut on the gear blank with the help of the indexed hobs. The hobbing process the gear blank and the hob are rotated with each other simultaneously with certain speed. The rotating movement of the hob and the blank creates the cuts and forms the tooth on the gear blank. In the process of the gear hobbing the rotating speed of the hob and rotating speed of the gear blank plays an important role in teeth cutting operation and the formation of the teeth on the gear blank. The rotating speed of the hob also determines the tool life of the hob. As the hob rotates with high speed the wear occurs in the hob due to variation of the cutting force with respect to the cutting speed. This paper will conclude how the variation of the cutting speed of the hob and gear blank affects the cutting of tooth on the gear blank.
Experimental investigation and optimization of WEDM process for AISI 420 stainless steel
Authors: Jha Mukulanand , Garg Rajiv Kumar , Shrivastava Shekhar
Published: November 2022

AISI 420 Stainless steel is martensitic steel having sufficient corrosive resistance and outstanding hardness used for making knife blades, shear blades, hand tools, and surgical instruments for the medical industry. For the machining of this kind of high-strength material, WEDM is a popular advanced machining technique for creating items with complex forms and profiles. WEDM of AISI420 stainless steel is accomplished utilizing Zn coated copper wire as an electrode in this study. Machine input control parameters include pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time (Toff), peak current (Ip), and wire feed rate (Wf), whereas measured output response parameters include material removal rate (MRR), Kerf width (KW), and surface roughness (SR). Experiments were constructed using Taguchi L16 orthogonal arrays, and control parameters were optimized using Taguchi-based grey relational analysis (TGRA). Parametric analyses are done for multi-response optimization by obtaining grey relational grade (GRG). It has been found from the ANOVA table that Ton, Toff, Ip, and Wf are having % contributions of 85.67%, 4.38%, 8.47%, and 0.26% respectively. The optimal level of input parameters obtained by Taguchi-based GRA is Ton 125µs, Toff 40µs, Ip 220A, and Wf 8m/min. To validate the results confirmation tests are performed on optimal input parameters.