bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract PD4-5: Longitudinal massively parallel sequencing analysis of circulating cell-free tumor DNA: A feasibility study
Authors: De Mattos-Arruda L , Cortes J , Saura C , Nuciforo P , Bidard F-C , Won HH , Weigelt B , Berger M , Seoane J , Reis-Filho JS
Published: August 2014

Background: Plasma-derived cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) has been shown to constitute a potential surrogate for tumor DNA obtained from tissue biopsies. We posit that the genetic data obtained from massively parallel sequencing analysis of ctDNA may be more informative than analysis of single tumor tissue biopsies, and would, therefore, constitute a tool to identify the presence of potentially actionable driver somatic genomic alterations, and monitor changes in the genetic landscape during the course of therapy.

Methods: Our index case is a patient with an estrogen receptor (ER)+/ HER2 -, highly proliferative, grade 2, mixed ductal/lobular breast cancer and synchronous bone and liver metastases at diagnosis. DNA extracted from archival tumor material and plasma, and from peripheral blood leukocytes was subjected to targeted massively parallel sequencing using a platform comprising 280 cancer genes known to harbor actionable mutations. Multiple plasma samples were collected during the fourth line of treatment with an AKT inhibitor.

Results: Average read depths of >100x were obtained from the archival primary tumor sample and between 200x and 900x from the ctDNA samples. Sixteen somatic non-synonymous mutations were detected at high frequencies in all plasma samples, of which 11 (CDKN2A, AKT1, TP53, CDH1, TSC1, NF1, JAK3, ESR1, MML3, EPHB1, PIK3C2G) were also detected in >5% of alleles obtained from the primary tumor sample. Importantly, allelic frequencies of approximately 50% for missense mutations of AKT1(p.E17K) and ESR1(p.E380Q) were detected in the plasma ctDNA, providing strong evidence to suggest that most of the cell-free plasma DNA obtained from this patient was tumor-derived. The allelic frequency of ESR1 in the tumor sample was <5%, whereas for AKT1 it was 80%. In ctDNA samples, there was enrichment for mutant ESR1 alleles as compared to the primary.

The mutant allelic frequencies identified in ctDNA samples were reduced following the targeted therapy administered, which mirrored the pharmacodynamic response as assessed by PET-CT. Subsequently, the mutant allelic frequencies were increased again at the time of progression. Single agent treatment with an AKT inhibitor provided benefit in terms of long-lasting biochemical and radiologic responses (stable disease: 8 months) as shown by CA15.3 levels and radiologic assessment (RECIST 1.1), respectively.

Conclusions: Targeted capture massively parallel sequencing of plasma-derived ctDNA represents a potential tool to uncover and monitor tumor somatic alterations during the course of targeted therapy. The clinical and therapeutic impact of actionable mutations in luminal/ER+ breast cancers warrants further investigation.

Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr PD4-5.
Abstract PD5-8: Phase I clinical trial of neoadjuvant BIBF1120 plus weekly paclitaxel (P) in early HER-2 negative breast cancer. CNIO-BR-01-2010/GEICAM 2010-10 study
Authors: Quintela-Fandino M , Urruticoechea A , Guerra J , Gil M , González-Martin A , Marquez R , Hernandez-Agudo E , Rodríguez-Martin C , Gil M , Bratos R , Escudero MJ , Colomer R
Published: August 2014

Background: BIBF1120 has shown promising preclinical efficacy in breast cancer, and weekly paclitaxel (P) is a standard of care in BC. We designed a phase I/II trial of BIBF 1120 plus weekly P in early breast cancer, and report here the phase I part of the trial. The recommended dose has been determined and, additionally, efficacy has been assessed.

Methods: Eligible patients had pathologically confirmed HER2 negative stage II or IIIA untreated breast cancer. BIBF1120 and P were administered at the following dose levels (DL): DL1: BIBF1120 150 mg bid p.o. days 1-21 plus P 80 mg/ m2 iv on days 1, 8 and 15 q21 days; DL2: BIBF1120 200 mg bid p.o. days 1-21 plus P same dose as level 1, q21 days. On the P-infusion day, the morning BIBF1120 dose was skipped to avoid potential PK interactions. A 3+3 escalation scheme with common dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) definitions was adopted. Four three-week cycles of BIBF1120 plus P followed by 4 AC cycles were administered. Surgery was planned 4-5 weeks after the last AC dose. We report the phase I part results of the phase I/II trial.

Results: 9 patients have been evaluated for toxicity (6 patients in DL1 and 3 in DL2). Median age was 47.6 years (38.1-66.7) and 8 patients (89%) were premenopausal; median tumour size was 3.0 cm (2.7-6.5), 6 patients (66.7%) had stage II disease and 3 patients (33.3%) stage III. Seven cases (78%) were hormone-receptor (HR) positive and 2 (22%) negative. Two patients had DLT at DL2: ALT grade 3 (one patient); and ALT grade 4, AST grade 3 and GGT grade 3 (one patient). One case was reduced to DL1 and one withdrew consent after 7 days of treatment. Main related toxicities during treatment: DL1 GGT grade 2 (16.7%), hypertension grade 2 (50%), DL2 ALT grade 3 (33.3%), AST grade 3 (33.3%), bilirubin grade 2 (33.3%), GGT grade 2/3 (100%). Toxicities observed at DL2 were reversible by withholding BIBF1120 administration. Eight patients were evaluable for efficacy after surgery and have been assessed for pathological response: 2/2 (100%) HR(-) and 2/6 (33%) HR(+) patients, for a total of 4/8 (50%) patients, pCR defined as Miller&Payne score scale of 5. Three of these received DL1 and 1 DL2. A total of 6 patients (75%) underwent conservative surgery.

Conclusions: Concomitant administration in early stage HER-2 negative breast cancer of BIBF1120 plus P at DL1 was manageable and had mild toxicity, showing remarkable efficacy specially in triple-negative breast cancer. BIBF1120 150 mg bid plus weekly P 80mg/m2 is the recommended dose for the ongoing phase II part of study CNIO-BR-01-2012/GEICAM 2010-10 with an enrolment target of 130 patients, of which 81 have been already recruited.

Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr PD5-8.
Abstract PL01: Screening mammography and overdiagnosis
Authors: Welch HG
Published: August 2014

Cancer screening involves trade-offs. Screening offers the potential benefit of avoiding advanced cancer and subsequent cancer death. It also produces the harms of false alarms, overdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment. Because different individuals value these benefits and harms differently, there is no single calculation to answer the question of what to do.

The trade-off of benefits and harms is present in screening mammography. The reduction in breast cancer mortality identified in the original randomized trials has likely been diminished by subsequent – and substantial – improvements in treatment. The rate of false positives can be high – particularly in the United States. Less familiar is the harm of overdiagnosis: the detection of early cancers that are not destined to ever cause clinicaldisease. Because women given the diagnosis of “cancer” are generally treated, overdiagnosis is rarely directly observed. Instead, inferences about overdiagnosis are based on indirect evidence: long-term follow-up of randomized trials and changes in stage-specific incidence over time. There is no single “right” number to describe the magnitude of either the benefits or harms of screening mammography and there is no single “right” value to assign to the various outcomes. Consequently, screening mammography is a choice – not a public health imperative.

Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr PL01.
Abstract S1-10: Disparities in the estimates of benefits and harms from mammography: Are the numbers really different?
Authors: Smith RA , Duffy S , Chen TH-H , Yen AMF , Tabar L
Published: August 2014

It is generally accepted that screening with mammography prevents deaths from breast cancer, although debate continues about the absolute size of the mortality benefit, and the concomitant risks associated with screening. A number of recent observational studies have claimed to find low rates of benefit in terms of reducing mortality rates or late stage disease, and high rates of overdiagnosis, defined as the diagnosis by screening of cancer which would not have been diagnosed in the patient's lifetime if screening had not taken place. These publications have achieved a high profile in the mass media and stimulated further debate. We review the apparent disparities between different reviews of the effects of mammography screening on mortality from breast cancer and on overdiagnosis. The four major reviews are the UK Independent Review, the Nordic Cochrane review, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) review, and the EUROSCREEN review. The estimated number needed to screen/invite to prevent one death from breast cancer ranges from 111 to 2000, almost a 20-fold range. The estimated number required varies by age group, whether the intervention described is actual screening or invitation to screening, follow-up time and other factors. To assess whether these represent genuine disagreements or whether the differences are mainly due to such factors as follow-up time and target population, we converted all four to pertain to the same scenario as used in the UK Independent Review, that is to the effect of screening for 20 years from age 50 to 69 on breast cancer mortality in ages 55-79, in a UK population. When all four reviews are converted to the UK review scenario, the range of absolute benefits is now only 2.5-fold rather than 20-fold. Thus, the differences between the reviews with respect to the absolute breast cancer mortality reduction are almost entirely due to expressing the same basic result relative to different denominators, choice of population mortality rates, etc. Thus, the so-called controversy over the benefit of mammography screening as estimated from the trials is largely contrived. When expressed relative to the same denominator, with the same screening and follow-up periods, and using the same absolute mortality rates, absolute benefit estimates are all of the same order of magnitude, and all indicate a substantial reduction in breast cancer mortality with screening. While there are genuine disagreements about overdiagnosis, methods which adjust for lead time and underlying incidence trends yield estimates which are modest and are outweighed by the mortality benefit.

Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr S1-10.
Abstract S2-05: 10-yr follow-up results of occult detected sentinel node disease: NSABP B-32, a randomized phase III clinical trial to compare sentinel node resection (SNR) to conventional axillary dissection (AD) in clinically node-negative breast cancer patients
Authors: Julian TB , Anderson SJ , Krag DN , Weaver DL , Costantino JP , Ashikaga T , Harlow SP , Mamounas EP , Wolmark N
Published: August 2014

Background: NSABP B-32, the largest surgical prospective randomized phase III trial was designed to compare overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and morbidity between SNR alone versus SNR + AD in SN negative (-) pts. This trial also had the opportunity to investigate the clinical significance of occult metastatic disease in sentinel nodes. We present the 10-yr data of the occult metastatic disease secondary endpoint outcomes analysis.

Methods: 5,611 women with operable, clinically N0, invasive breast cancer were randomized to SNR + AD (G1) or to SNR alone with AD only if SNs were positive (G2). Pathologically negative sentinel nodes underwent a blinded detailed central pathology review using IHC stains for detection of occult metastatic disease. These findings were then analyzed for their effects on outcomes.

Results: At 10 yrs, there continues to be no significant difference in OS (HR: 1.09, p = 0.35), DFS (HR: 1.02, p = 0.72), or local/regional recurrence (HR: 0.96, p = 0.77) between G1 and G2. Local-regional recurrences were 4.3% (G1) and 4.0% (G2) with axillary recurrences at 0.2% and 0.5% respectively. Median time on study was 131.1 months. Of the 5,611 pts., 3,989 were SN- and 3,986 (99.9%) of these SN- pts had follow-up information (G1: 1,975, G2: 2,011). 3,884 of these patients underwent blinded IHC analyses (1,924 [G1] and 1,960 [G2]). 616 patients were found to have sentinel node occult metastatic disease: 316 (16.4%) from G1 and 300 (15.3%) from G2. There was a nearly significant difference in OS between the occult and non-occult metastases groups (HR: 1.26, p = 0.06), and a significant difference in DFS between the two groups (HR: 1.24, p = 0.01) was found. Local-regional recurrence was not significantly different (HR: 0.8, p = 0.52). Occult local regional recurrences were 32 of the study total 165 (19.3%) with only 5 axillary recurrences in G2 related to SN occult detected disease. No statistical differences were found between the occult groups with and without axillary dissection for OS (HR: 0.98, p = 0.91) or DFS (HR: 0.82, p = 0.2).

Conclusions: Although occult metastatic disease was detected in H&E negative sentinel nodes, its presence had no significant impact on OS, DFS, or local-regional recurrences in the large group of 5,611 patients. Specifically, in Group 2 with SN only, the 15.3% of pts with IHC positive nodes caused no significant impact on axillary failures. IHC use is not routinely recommended.

Support: PHS grants: NSABP: U10CA-12027, U10CA-37377, U10CA-69651, U10CA-69974; VT Ca Cntr: P30 CA22435; DNK: 5RO1CA074137 NCI Dpt HHS.

Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr S2-05.
Abstract S3-01: Breast cancer prevention using anastrozole in postmenopausal women at high risk
Authors: Cuzick J , Sestak I , Forbes JF , Dowsett M , Knox J , Cawthorn S , Saunders C , Roche N , Mansel RE , von Minckwitz G , Bonanni B , Palva T , Howell A
Published: August 2014

Background: Third generation aromatase inhibitors are the most effective endocrine treatment for hormone receptor positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Here, we assess the efficacy of anastrozole in postmenopausal women who do not have breast cancer, but are at high risk of developing the disease.

Methods: A multi-centre randomised placebo-controlled trial of 1mg/day oral anastrozole vs. matching placebo for five years was conducted in 3864 postmenopausal women at increased risk of breast cancer. The primary endpoint was the incidence of breast cancer (including ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) and differences were assessed by the proportional hazards model. Detailed information on adverse events was collected.

Results: After a median follow up of 5.03 years, 125 breast cancers were recorded. A 53% reduction (95% CI (32-68%), P<0.0001) was seen in the anastrozole arm. Significant reductions were seen for all invasive (50%), oestrogen receptor positive invasive (58%) and in situ tumours (70%). Fractures were non-significantly higher (8.5% vs. 7.7%, P = 0.3) and musculoskeletal events were significantly higher in the anastrozole arm (1226 vs. 1124, RR = 1.10 (1.05-1.16)) but were very common in both arms (63.9% vs. 57.8%). Vasomotor symptoms were also increased with anastrozole (RR = 1.15 (1.08-1.22)). Cancers at other sites were significantly decreased (40 vs. 70, RR = 0.58 (0.39-0.85)). Deaths from breast cancer and other causes were similar in both arms.

Conclusions: Anastrozole is an effective agent for reducing breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal women at high risk. Anastrozole was well tolerated and side effects associated with oestrogen deprivation were only slightly higher than for placebo.

Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr S3-01.
Abstract A13: Closing the gap with podcast communication: Reducing health disparities through video podcasts utilization of breast and prostate cancer messages in the Tampa Bay community.
Authors: Moore Mezelle , Standifer Maisha , Baldwin Julie , Wathington Deanna , Sneed Kevin , Brown Kaylynn
Published: August 2014

Two learning objectives: 1) To disseminate research and cancer education using novel delivery methods in consideration of culture, language and literacy. 2) To gather demographical data and perceptions of cancer prevention and screening from viewers in the Tampa Bay Community.

Podcasting may provide an effective approach to disseminating educational and empowering cancer survivorship messages to underserved populations. The Community Engagement and Outreach Core (CEOC) of the Center for Equal Health (CEH) is currently utilizing podcasts to address health disparities in the Tampa Bay Community, Florida and beyond. As a tool of community-based participatory research (CBPR), the CEH podcasts aim to distribute key cancer prevention and research messages while utilizing innovative delivery methods, taking into account culture, language and literacy. The podcasts include seven, 5-minute individual interviews with local breast and prostate cancer survivors from diverse backgrounds, and they are available to any user through iPad and computer access. YouTube, Facebook, along with the CEH web site are current online media outlets as of 2012, where visitors can choose which interview(s) they wish to view. A short questionnaire designed via SurveyMonkey follows each interview, gathering demographical data and perceptions from viewers, including thoughts on cancer and screening options. Podcasts are also designed to be added to the USF Health iTunesU repertoire. Target populations include selected medically underserved areas (MUAs), including white, African American, Hispanic and Caribbean populations in the 3-county metropolitan area. Additionally, bilingual messages are incorporated, taking into account language and literacy. The innovative design and portability of the CEH podcasts allow them to be utilized via IPad by CEOC Community Health Advisors when conducting community talking circles and health fairs within the diverse settings. Quantitative and qualitative research data will be highlighted during the presentation. These data are collected for viewer feedback and to analyze the strategic placement of this newly implemented community cancer resource.

Citation Format: Mezelle Moore, Maisha Standifer, Julie Baldwin, Deanna Wathington, Kevin Sneed, Kaylynn Brown. Closing the gap with podcast communication: Reducing health disparities through video podcasts utilization of breast and prostate cancer messages in the Tampa Bay community. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A13.
Abstract A15: The role of family communication in cancer screening practices.
Authors: Hammad Adnan , Williams Karen Patricia , Zambrana Ruth E. , Meghea Cristian
Published: August 2014

Black and Latina women experience the highest disparities in incidence and mortality of cervical cancer and breast cancer mortality in spite of lower incidence than non-Hispanic white women. Among diverse and low literacy populations, family centered networks represent an important mechanism for communication about health concerns, including preventive screening practices. The purpose of the study is to examine the associations between family communication, demographic factors, and breast and cervical cancer health literacy.

Black (n=216), Latina (n=65), and Arab (n=233) women enrolled in a randomized trial of Kin KeeperSM, a cancer prevention intervention delivered by community health workers. Self-reported family communication scores (FACES) were cross-tabulated with age, education, literacy scores and presence of grandmother. Analyses were replicated by race and ethnicity.

Black and Arab women are the most likely to have a college degree or more and also the most likely to rate their health as excellent compared to Latina respondents. Blacks had the lowest family communication scores while Arabs had the highest family communication scores. Among Blacks, lower FACES score associated with lower cervical cancer literacy and with presence of a grandmother. FACES scores were higher among those who had lower educational attainment(less than a high school degree) and lower among all race/ethnic groups who rated their health status as poor.

The unique contribution of this study is the inclusion of Arab women and its focus on family communication scores. The implications of these data are that for low-income diverse groups there are disparities in family communication, and that family network is an important and viable resource for the transmission of health cancer literacy information.

Note: This abstract was withdrawn after the Program and Proceedings were printed and was not presented at the conference.

Citation Format: Adnan Hammad, Karen Patricia Williams, Ruth E. Zambrana, Cristian Meghea. The role of family communication in cancer screening practices. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A15.
Abstract A17: Improving cancer screening behaviors in Texas-Mexico border communities through targeted screening interventions.
Authors: Hurd Thelma C. , Rangel Lourdes , Sunil Thankam , Mika-Seguin Virginia , Moore Frank , Garcia Otila , Jones Lovell
Published: August 2014

Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC) provide an increasing proportion of primary care services but have had historically low cancer screening rates for underserved women. This study was conducted to determine whether the Texas Esperanza y Vida project, an ongoing, community based breast and cervical cancer education/screening program increased screening among Hispanic women. Fifty-four women (median age range 50-59) recruited from Gateway Community Health Center (FQHC), Laredo TX which employs a patient centered care model, attended a 2 hour Esperanza y Vida program taught by promotoras and completed a survey at the program and 8 weeks later. Women reported an annual income <10,000 (44.4%), middle school or less education (66%) and insurance status (self-pay 31.7%). Reported mammography and Pap rates during the prior 12 months were high, 68.3% and 76.9% respectively, but 5 year guideline concordant screening rates low (breast 24.1%, cervical 39.2%). Most or all of the breast/cervical information was new to 52.2% of women and 21.2% had never had a mammogram compared to 3.7% for Pap testing. Breast self-exam increased 21% (64.2-85.2%) and mammography 4% (51.9-55.8%) within 8 weeks of attending the program. 77.1% asked their provider about test results and 83.8% of patients received their results from their provider. However, only 21.4% questioned their provider after receiving the results despite perceived strong provider support. Cost was the only significant screening barrier. The Esperanza y Vida program improved screening practices among highly underserved women, increased mammogram screening and can positively affect the patient-provider interaction in short term follow-up.

Citation Format: Thelma C. Hurd, Lourdes Rangel, Thankam Sunil, Virginia Mika-Seguin, Frank Moore, Otila Garcia, Lovell Jones. Improving cancer screening behaviors in Texas-Mexico border communities through targeted screening interventions. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A17.
Abstract A35: Metabolomic profiling and the biochemical basis of prostate cancer racial disparity.
Authors: Vareed Shaiju Kakkandan , Panzitt Katrin , Basu Sumanta , Putluri Vasanta , Dorsey Tiffany , Wallace Tiffany , Putluri Nagireddy , Mohammed Sayeeduddin , Ittmann Michael , Kittles Rick , Michailidis George , Ambs Stefan , Palapattu Ganesh , Sreekumar Arun
Published: August 2014

African American (AA) men have an approximately 60% higher incidence of prostate cancer and are at 2 times greater risk of dying of prostate cancer than European Americans (EA). Environmental and socio-economic factors as well as a number of genetic alterations have been previously interrogated as possible explanations for this disparity. Currently, little is known about the specific biological pathway differences in prostate cancer between AA and EA men that may help explain the greater burden borne by AA men with this disease.

In this study, we seek to unravel and compare the prostate cancer metabolome of AA and EA men by employing state of the art metabolomic profiling and bioinformatic techniques. Based on the premise that metabolites are end products of enzyme action, we sought to identify a racially distinct biochemical signature for prostate cancer.

Fifty-six prostate cancer tissue samples from AA and EA men and their adjacent benign tissues (i.e., matched normal/tumor pairs) were analyzed using an unbiased liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry approach. Differential metabolites were mapped into pathways and combined with bioinformatics-based bioprocess mapping to categorize metabolic differences observed in cancers of AA and EA origin. Our data indicate a specific and largely mutually exclusive metabolic signature for AA and EA derived prostate cancers. These findings may have important clinical implications and, importantly, shed new light on the biological basis of prostate cancer racial disparity.

Citation Format: Shaiju Kakkandan VareedKatrin Panzitt, Sumanta Basu, Vasanta Putluri, Tiffany Dorsey, Tiffany Wallace, Nagireddy Putluri, Sayeeduddin Mohammed, Michael Ittmann, Rick Kittles, George Michailidis, Stefan Ambs, Ganesh Palapattu, Arun Sreekumar. Metabolomic profiling and the biochemical basis of prostate cancer racial disparity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A35.
Abstract A48: Does quality of life among cancer survivors differ by socioeconomic status?
Authors: Medeiros Elizabeth A. , Rodriguez Barbara , Castaneda Sheila F. , Gonzalez Patricia , Karagianes Alicia , Buelna Christina , Holscher Jessica T. , Talavera Gregory A.
Published: August 2014

Background: With an increased number of cancer survivors in the United States, the need to understand the survivor experience is imperative. While the numerous physical effects of undergoing cancer treatment have been well-established, less is known about the extent to which quality of life (QOL) and psychosocial concerns post-treatment differ across socioeconomic (SES) gradients. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between QOL and SES among ethnically diverse adult cancer survivors.

Methods: This study recruited a purposive sample of San Diego English and Spanish-speaking adult cancer survivors attending cancer support groups. Community-based participatory research methods were used to administer survey questionnaires assessing SES (i.e., education and annual income), cancer history and treatment, QOL (i.e., physical, social/family, emotional, and functional well-being), and health behaviors. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to explore this study's aim.

Results: Preliminary results (n = 80) showed that most of the sample (95%) were women, 50% were non-Hispanic white, and 25% were Mexican-born. Participants were 60 years on average and had a wide range of SES. Almost 40% were diagnosed with cancer five or more years ago; most of which (58%) were breast cancer survivors. Bivariate correlation analyses showed that education and income were positively correlated to emotional (r = .404; r = .295, respectively) and functional well-being (r =.363; r = .331, respectively) (p < .05). In multivariate linear regression analyses after adjusting for age and years since diagnosis, SES did not predict emotional or functional well-being. There was no association between SES and physical and social/family well-being.

Discussion: QOL issues surrounding the cancer survivorship experience can often be difficult for patients, caregivers, and health care providers to understand and treat. Results suggest that although QOL differs by SES, after adjusting for age and years since diagnosis, SES had no effect on QOL measures. Implications for survivorship care delivery and future research will be discussed.

Citation Format: Elizabeth A. Medeiros, Barbara Rodriguez, Sheila F. Castaneda, Patricia Gonzalez, Alicia Karagianes, Christina Buelna, Jessica T. Holscher, Gregory A. Talavera. Does quality of life among cancer survivors differ by socioeconomic status? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A48.
Abstract A84: Evidence of social influence promoting cancer knowledge and intent to obtain mammography among rural Latinas.
Authors: Ceballos Rachel , Molina Yamile , Thompson Beti
Published: August 2014

Background: Latinas are much less likely to undergo mammography and remain adherent to mammography guidelines. Recent research has begun to identify factors which may enable screening behavior and promote cancer knowledge in underserved Latina populations. These factors include access to care, personal history of mammography, and socio-demographic characteristics. Given the Latino traditions of respecto (respect/deference to authority) and familismo (importance of immediate and extended family), recommendations by physicians, family, or friends may also be integral to mammography screening practices and cancer knowledge. However, this relationship has not been widely examined. The goal of this study is to evaluate the role of physician and family recommendation on intent for mammography screening and cancer knowledge among Latinas living in a rural community.

Methods: This study utilized baseline data collected as part of a larger cancer education project. Participants were Hispanic women between the ages of 40-79 living in a rural agricultural community of Washington State. Data were collected by bilingual and bicultural community residents with extensive training as promotoras. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify significant determinants of mammography screening and cancer knowledge.

Results: Our sample included 79 rural Latina women aged 40-74 (M = 49.85, SD = 8.83). The importance socio-demographic, access to care, and previous mammography history factors were included as covariates, a history of family recommendations to obtain a mammogram were associated with greater cancer knowledge. A history of physician recommendations to obtain a mammogram was associated with plans to obtain a mammogram, after adjusting for covariates noted above.

Conclusion: Our study highlights the importance of social factors for cancer knowledge and mammography use in Latina populations, especially with regard to discussions and recommendations with physicians and family concerning mammograms. Future interventions should incorporate recommendations from a variety of social sources to promote mammography screening among Latina women.

Citation Format: Rachel Ceballos, Yamile Molina, Beti Thompson. Evidence of social influence promoting cancer knowledge and intent to obtain mammography among rural Latinas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A84.
Abstract B07: GMaP/BMaP Region VI: Utilizing a community-based participatory research approach to deliver culturally appropriate colorectal cancer education.
Authors: Harbach Heidi M. , Thompson Beti
Published: August 2014

Background: Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality with well-documented disparities among various racial/ethnic groups. Early detection of colorectal cancer is key, yet less than half of the US population aged 50+ is current on recommended testing. As a GMaP/BMaP partnership, the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and San Diego State University are working to build relationships with community-based organizations across Region VI (Alaska, Washington, Oregon, California, Hawaii, Guam, and American Samoa) to address this disparity.

Methods: GMaP/BMaP issued a request for proposals throughout Region VI. Proposed projects were received from all but one state/territory in the region, and six projects were funded. Projects proposed to conduct community-based participatory research (CBPR) activities and are addressing colorectal cancer awareness, education, prevention, and screening among underrepresented populations including: Iraqi refugees, Hispanics, Alaska Natives, Filipinos, and African Americans. All projects will be tailored to be culturally and linguistically appropriate for each population.

Results: Based on a regional needs assessment, a key finding is that community/academic partnerships are needed to launch activities to educate communities about colorectal cancer. The funded projects are currently in the field.

Conclusion: Our hypothesis is that CBPR is a needed mechanism for increasing knowledge of colorectal cancer prevention and screening in a culturally appropriate way. As a result of using a CBPR model, partnerships between community organizations and academic institutions will develop into sustainable, reciprocal relationships. The development of these relationships is a critical component in the success of the pilot program.

Citation Format: Heidi M. Harbach, Beti Thompson. GMaP/BMaP Region VI: Utilizing a community-based participatory research approach to deliver culturally appropriate colorectal cancer education. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B07.
Abstract B34: Pregnancy-associated breast cancer and differentially expressed microRNAs.
Authors: Munoz-Rodriguez Jose Luis , Vrba Lukas , Thompson-Carino Patricia A. , Martinez Maria Elena , Futscher Bernard W.
Published: August 2014

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short-stranded, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. The expression of miRNAs is often deregulated in breast cancer. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, have been shown to regulate miRNA gene expression in breast cancer. In our study, we set out to analyze the role that differentially expressed miRNAs play in pregnancy associated breast cancer (PABC) amongst a Hispanic population within the Ella Binational Breast Cancer study. PABC is defined as cancer that arises within a time-frame of 10 years after pregnancy. Previous studies have shown that women diagnosed with PABC do far worse than women diagnosed with non-PABC. Our hypothesis is that the epigenetic regulation of miRNA genes contributes to poor survival in PABC. We are testing our hypothesis using a cohort of post-partum formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) breast cancer tissues from a Hispanic population. Using Exiqon miRCURY LNA™ Universal RT microRNA PCR panels we were able to test for the expression of 360 human miRNAs, which our laboratory previously identified as miRNAs that are specific for human mammary cells. Preliminary data from a small subset of samples showed six miRNAs that were differentially expressed (having > 4-fold expression and a p-value ≤ 0.05) between PABC and non-PABC (hsa-miR-876-5p; hsa-miR-299-3p; hsa-miR-137; hsa-miR-187; hsa-miR-873; hsa-miR-190b ). Several of these miRNAs have been implicated in carcinogenesis. Our goals are to identify differentially expressed miRNAs and to determine the extent of the epigenetic regulation of those miRNAs. These miRNAs will be evaluated for their potential utility as targets of epigenetic regulation and targets for therapeutic interventions. In addition, our studies will be the first to look at epigenetic mechanisms related to PABC in Hispanics. Hispanics have one of the highest fertility rates and an early breast cancer diagnosis. Therefore, our results will elucidate factors associated with this PABC disparity.

Citation Format: Jose Luis Munoz-Rodriguez, Lukas Vrba, Patricia A. Thompson-Carino, Maria Elena Martinez, Bernard W. Futscher. Pregnancy-associated breast cancer and differentially expressed microRNAs. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B34.
Abstract B63: Receptor status in early-onset breast cancer across races.
Authors: Singh Mandeep , Ding Yi , Zhang Liying , Lee Susan , Song Dong , Grover Shruti , Doval Dinesh Chandra , Ross Dara S. , Shao Charles , Zhu Changcheng , Xu Ruliang , He Zili , Zhang David , Wang Jinhua , Chang Victor , Chen Margaret , August Phyllis , Lee Peng
Published: August 2014

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and, racial disparity of breast cancer has been known to influence the age of occurrence, prognosis and response to the treatment. The objective of this study is to analyze the variations in the expression of the receptor proteins- estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER-2/neu, in early onset breast cancer cross races. Data was collected by reviewing patient charts obtained from the participating institutions and was stratified according to age (Younger group: 40 year old and younger women; older age group: greater than 40 year old women), races (Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, Chinese and Indian), receptor status (ER, PR and HER-2) according to Luminal A, B, HER-2 and Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) subtypes, grade and stage. Results show that while African American women have higher percentage of TNBC than the Caucasian, there are evident variations in receptor status among other races. In Chinese woman of younger age group, 18.2% presented with TNBC subtype. However, in the same group, the HER-2 overexpression (ER-/PR-, HER-2+), luminal A (ER+/PR+, HER2-) and B (ER+/PR+, HER2+) subtypes were 9.1%, 45.5% and 9.0% respectively. In Indian women, TNBC has been found to be about 1.5 folds higher in younger age group (34 %) than older group (23 %) while HER-2 overexpression and the luminal A and B subgroups were 14.3%, 42.2% and 9.5%, respectively, somewhat similar to those in Chinese women. Our preliminary findings demonstrated that the expression of receptor proteins (ER, PR and Her-2/neu) in early onset breast cancer differs among different ethnic or racial women, suggesting a biological basis of distinct prognosis or therapeutic response related to racial disparities. This study will help to develop optimal personalized management strategies for breast cancer cross the races.

Citation Format: Mandeep Singh,, Yi Ding, Liying Zhang, Susan Lee, Dong Song, Shruti Grover, Dinesh Chandra Doval, Dara S. Ross, Charles Shao, Changcheng Zhu, Ruliang Xu, Zili He, David Zhang, Jinhua Wang, Victor Chang, Margaret Chen, Phyllis August, Peng Lee,,. Receptor status in early-onset breast cancer across races. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B63.
Abstract B87: Factors associated with mammography screening in cities of four contiguous U.S. states whose 2010 mammography rates for women aged 40 and older ranged from 63.8 to 75.2 percent.
Authors: Han Ann M. , Sequeira Shwetha , Berger Loretta
Published: August 2014

Objectives: To evaluate access to care, socio-economic status (SES), and other demographic factors at regional and individual levels that predict the probability of women 40 and older getting mammography screening for breast cancer within the previous two years in cities of Idaho, which has the lowest mammography rates nationally, and contiguous states of Washington, Montana and North Dakota.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 2010 Center for Disease Control (CDC) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) individual survey data for women 40 and over residing in cities of Idaho, Washington, Montana, and North Dakota. Regional characteristics for cities within each state included a created variable of the sum of general and OB/GYN physicians divided by the civil population to represent provider density and 2010 American Community Survey demographic data from the US census spatially linked to the study area using ArcGIS.

Results: Having a personal doctor was significantly associated with having a mammogram within the previous two years for women 40 and older in all but one city. Controlling for socio-demographic variables, women 40 and older who had a routine check-up within last 2 years had greater odds of having timely mammography for all cities. The provider density was significantly associated with mammography in the previous two years only in cities in Idaho, which had the lowest mammography rates nationally. Women 40 and older in cities with higher SES (income >50K, high school education or greater) had greater odds of having a mammogram within the previous two years in cities of Idaho, N. Dakota and Washington, but not Montana.

Conclusions: State-wide policies directed at improving mammography should include an effort to establish a relationship with a medical care provider.

Citation Format: Ann M. Han, Shwetha Sequeira, Loretta Berger. Factors associated with mammography screening in cities of four contiguous U.S. states whose 2010 mammography rates for women aged 40 and older ranged from 63.8 to 75.2 percent. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B87.
Abstract B93: Resuscitating cancer immunosurveillance by combining Notch 1 and death receptor-activating therapy.
Authors: Dudimah Duafalia F. , Uzhachenko Roman V. , Pellom Samuel T. , Biktasova Asel K. , Dikov Mikhail M. , Carbone David P. , Shanker Anil
Published: August 2014

Notch signaling plays diverse roles in lymphocyte differentiation and tumor angiogenesis. Our recent findings implicate the role of the Notch 1 pathway in promoting antitumor immune effector functions. We explored the effects of Notch 1 stimulation on T cell immunity and its potential pharmacological activation using multivalent Delta-like Notch 1 ligand DLL1 cluster in combination with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, which could stabilize Notch 1 activation. Bortezomib was found to selectively sensitize solid tumor cells to apoptosis by upregulating death receptors on tumor cells and amplifying caspase-8 activation in the death-inducing signaling complex. This resulted in reduced pulmonary nodules of injected tumor cells in mice. Additionally, in an in vivo tumor setting, no adverse effects of bortezomib were observed on the antigen-specific T cell proliferative or cytolytic functions. But no long-term survival benefits could be obtained, possibly due to the immunosuppressive effects of the tumor. In our more recent studies, we observed that DLL1-specific immune Notch activation could enhance antitumor T cell immunity by overcoming tumor-associated immunosuppression in D459 and Lewis lung carcinoma models. The results offer a novel combinatorial approach to abrogate the immunosuppressive circuitries operating in the tumor microenvironment with a potential to reduce tumor burden and resuscitate tumor-specific immunity. This work has important translational implications for improving immunotherapy in cancer patients, and may provide insights into new strategies for cancer prevention.

Citation Format: Duafalia F. Dudimah, Roman V. Uzhachenko, Samuel T. Pellom, Jr., Asel K. Biktasova, Mikhail M. Dikov, David P. Carbone, Anil Shanker. Resuscitating cancer immunosurveillance by combining Notch 1 and death receptor-activating therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B93.
Abstract ED02-01: Overview on genetic ancestry and its use in cancer disparities research.
Authors: Kittles Rick A.
Published: August 2014

Given the current attention on health disparities and mounting findings showing genetic variants associated with heightened disease risk or a particular treatment response that differ significantly in frequency among ethnic groups, identifying the influence of genetic ancestry on complex phenotypes may allow for the de-construction of race in most study designs. Ancestry informative markers (AIMs) and the use of genetic ancestry have been instrumental in understanding disparate disease risk and poor health outcomes. Several statistical methods are currently used to infer population structure, individual genetic ancestry, and admixture mapping. Here we provide an overview on AIMs and the use of genetic ancestry in cancer disparities studies. Examples are provided which reveal that the study of genetic ancestry and health outcomes may strongly entail both biologic and sociological factors.

Citation Format: Rick A. Kittles. Overview on genetic ancestry and its use in cancer disparities research. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr ED02-01.