bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multichannel Photon Stimulated C−C Coupling for CO2 Reduction in a Mixed Water/Acetonitrile Solvent
Authors: Sun Fu‐Li , Lin Cun‐biao , Luo Zhi‐rui , Chen Qing , Chen Wen‐Xian , Zhuang Gui‐Lin
Published: February 2025

Designing effective photocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) requires a precise understanding of the dynamically photocatalytic mechanism under real conditions (e.g. solvent, light field). Herein, we coupled ab‐initio non‐adiabatic molecular dynamics (NAMD) simulation and density functional theory (DFT) calculation to theoretically reveal the detailed dynamic process for C−C Coupling under light field on Co‐supported monolayer black phosphorus (BP) catalyst Co@BP. Specially, Co@BP features excellent property for photocatalyst: high stability, long‐lived photogenerated carriers and stronger reducing ability. Thermodynamically, it shown that a dramatic difference in catalytic properties with 99.99 % selectivity for HCOOH in solvent‐free condition (Ea=0.29 eV) and 99.34 % selectivity for CH2CH2 in solution (Ea=0.33 eV). Slow‐growth based MD simulation results uncover that mixed solvent of water/acetonitrile (H2O/ACN) is beneficial for the formation of C2+ product and the optimal ratio H2O/ACN (1 : 9) mixture solvent for the conversion of CO2 to CH2CH2. Under light irradiation, we found that multichannel photons enable adsorbed CHO* to couple with CHO species diffusing from nearby active sites, further forming C2 intermediates in solution. This work highlights the importance of the reaction medium on the photogenerative carrier dynamics and offers a strategy to regulate product selectivity in photocatalytic CO2 conversion.
Molecular Origin of the Stretchability and Fatigue‐Resistance of Rotaxane‐Based Mechanically Interlocked Polymer Networks
Authors: Cheng Lin , Wang Wenbin , Bai Ruixue , You Wei , Liang Yuling , Yan Zhiwei , Zhang Rongchun , Yan Xuzhou , Yu Wei
Published: February 2025

Rotaxane‐based polymer networks leveraging host–guest recognition have recently emerged as a versatile platform for developing smart materials. Despite numerous studies on these polymers, their unique mechanical properties are mostly associated with the sliding motion of the macrocycle along the axle, leaving the impact of the presence or absence of interlocked structures on the mechanical performance of materials yet to be directly demonstrated. In this work, we present a densely (pseudo)rotaxane‐based supramolecular polymeric network (SPN) and a mechanically interlocked network (MIN) as model systems to explore how the mechanical interlocking unit dominates the material properties. Specifically, we have achieved a significant transition from SPN to MIN by finely tuning the stopper size, just substituting a methyl with a dimethyl group attached to the phenyl ring. Although their stereochemical structures are similar, a subtle increase in the stopper size can lead to striking improvements in stretchability and anti‐fatigue performance. The stopper size‐relevant dethreading behavior, as evidenced by a combined approach of solid‐state NMR spectroscopy and rheology, is the underlying molecular mechanism for the difference in the macroscopic mechanical properties. We anticipate that the fundamental understanding gained from this work will advance the development of rotaxane‐based materials with emergent functions and applications.
Conformal Reconstruction and Dual‐Vacancy Engineering Breaks Kinetics Limitations for Energetic Aqueous Dual‐Cation Storage
Authors: Li Chenxi , Guo Wei , Wang Jinxin , Dang Wanbin , Zhang Qiuyu
Published: February 2025

Efficient aqueous energy storage with non‐metallic ions is highly desired but challenged by achieving kinetically favorable surface/interface storage chemistry. Herein, by refining the surface proton environment, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with hydrogen‐aluminum dual vacancies and 3D diffusion channels are demonstrated upon conformal surface reconstruction. An energetic NH4+/H+ dual‐ion co‐intercalation chemistry is enabled, leading to a remarkable gravimetric specific capacity of up to 604 mAh g−1 and long‐cycle stability. Combining in‐situ Raman spectroscopy and in‐situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) techniques, we reveal and visualize the conformal reconstruction process and the reversible dual‐cation storage mechanism. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation shows that the dual‐vacancy coupling helps the dissolution of inert Al from LDHs for enriching active sites. At the same time, the residual Al shows the pining effect on the [MnO6] octahedron to restrain the Jahn–Teller distortion. The manganese sites adjacent to Al vacancies promote the adsorption of NH4+/H+ and the H vacancies facilitate the adsorption of NH4+, responsible for an optimal dual‐cation storage chemistry. This work demonstrates how the dual vacancies emerge to modulate the carrier migration and thereby the capacity, providing a viable solution of surface/interface optimization for efficient aqueous energy storage.
Expanding the Molecular Switches Toolbox: Photoreloadable Dithienylethene Mechanophores
Authors: Steponavičiūtė Medeina , Majee Debashis , Zhao Bisheng , Ungur Liviu , Presolski Stanislav
Published: February 2025

Molecular switches are often thought of as nanoscopic equivalents to the electrical buttons and knobs ubiquitous in everyday life. However, mechanical force is rarely used to reversibly trigger rearrangements at the atomic scale, due to the difficulty in selectively breaking certain bonds, while keeping others intact. Here, we introduce two new mechanophores based on dithienylethene (DTE), which can be toggled between two states by ultraviolet light and sonication. Attaching various lengths of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) either to the 2,2′ or the 5,5′ positions of the DTE core allowed us to study the kinetics of its mechanochemical cycloreversion. We employed computational methods to understand the root causes of the observed mechano‐regiochemical differences. Lastly, we show that our best performing DTE‐polymer conjugate can undergo numerous switching cycles by the alternating action of electromagnetic radiation and mechanical force.
High‐Performance White Circularly Polarized Photoluminescence and Electroluminescence from Multi‐Emission Enantiomers
Authors: Zhao Pei , Guo Wei‐Chen , Lu Hai‐Yan , Chen Chuan‐Feng
Published: February 2025

A pair of multi‐emission enantiomers, (R)‐DO‐PSeZ and (S)‐DO‐PSeZ, was designed and synthesized by integrating Se‐induced conformationally isomeric donors with a chiral carbonyl‐containing acceptor into a unified molecular framework. The enantiomers showed white emission with blue, yellow and red multi‐emission bands in solution and film at CIE coordinates of (0.39, 0.35) and (0.33, 0.34), respectively. Doped film of the enantiomers achieved a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 42 %, accompanied by mirror‐image white circularly polarized photoluminescence (WCPPL) signals with a |gPL| value of 2.6×10−3. Moreover, the enantiomers also showed white circularly polarized electroluminescence (WCPEL) in organic light‐emitting diodes with CIE coordinates of (0.29, 0.33) and EQEmax of 3.1 %. Notably, this work represents the first single‐molecule multi‐emission WCPL materials and achieved the highest performance for white OLEDs based on single‐molecule organic materials with phosphorescent properties. Furthermore, leveraging Bragg reflection from dual‐layer cholesteric liquid crystals, the enantiomers achieved |gPL| and |gEL| values of 1.85 and 1.88, respectively, marking the highest reported values for WCPPL and WCPEL to date.
Post‐deposition Treatment of Sb2Se3 Enables Defect Passivation and Increased Carrier Transport Dimension for Efficient Solar Cell Application
Authors: Che Bo , Cai Zhiyuan , Xu Haonan , Sheng Shuwei , Zhao Qi , Xiao Peng , Yang Junjie , Zhu Changfei , Zheng Xusheng , Tang Rongfeng , Chen Tao
Published: February 2025

Post‐deposition treatment in thin film preparation can compensate for the inability of directly deposited films by fundamentally altering the chemical, electrical, morphological and defect properties. However, as an emerging photovoltaic material, the synthesis of Sb2Se3 film has so far been unable to effectively adjust the carrier transport and defect properties, thereby hindering performance improvement. In this study, we report that P2O5 can serve as a post‐deposition treatment material to modify the chemical and electrical properties of Sb2Se3 thin films. Through experimental analysis, we discover that P atoms from P2O5 can occupy the Se vacancy and convert the deep‐level anti‐site defect (SbSe) to a shallower defect (PSe), rendering efficient defect passivation. Simultaneously, P‐doping induced lattice distortion closes the ribbon spacing of (Sb4Se6)n, promoting efficient carrier transport from one dimension to three dimensions. This structure reduces the restriction of carrier transport in low‐dimensional materials, which suppresses the carrier non‐radiative recombination and improves the carrier transport efficiency. As a result, we achieved a champion power conversion efficiency of 9.50 % in thermal evaporation derived Sb2Se3 superstrate solar cells. This study provides a novel strategy and guidance for passivating deep‐level defects and modifying the crystal structure of low‐dimensional solar cell materials.
Polar Three‐dimensional Organic‐inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Realize Highly Sensitive Self‐driven Ultraviolet Photodetection
Authors: Li Hang , Wang Zicong , Guan Qianwen , Ji Chengmin , Li Ruiqing , Ye Huang , Wu Zhenyue , Zhang Chengshu , Luo Junhua
Published: February 2025

Bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) triggered by spontaneous polarization in polar organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) has brought unprecedented development opportunities for self‐powered ultraviolet photodetection. However, the currently reported ultraviolet optoelectronic devices are dominated by low‐dimensional hybrid perovskites, in which low carrier mobility limits the photoelectric conversion efficiency. Herein, we report for the first time a polar three‐dimensional OIHPs, namely MHyPbBr3 (1, MHy=methylhydrazine), that achieves high‐performance self‐driven ultraviolet photodetection. Benefitting from the large spontaneous polarization and excellent semiconductor attributes, 1 exhibits 0.33 V BPVE and high carrier mobility lifetime product (μτ) of 1.972×10−3 cm−2 V−1 under ultraviolet illumination. Notably, such merits contribute to efficient self‐driven photodetection, where responsivity (R) and detectivity (D*) reach up to 198 mA W−1 and 1.42×1013 Jones, surpassing most reported ultraviolet photodetectors. Furthermore, based on the reversible phase transition of 1, we have achieved controllable ultraviolet photoelectric detection. This work will shed light on the fabrication of high‐response self‐driven ultraviolet optoelectronic devices.
Weakening Solvent‐Solute Interactions for High‐Efficiency Screen‐Printed Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yao Qing , Gu Zihan , Chen Changshun , Jiang Yuan , Su Zhenhuang , Wang Jinpei , Niu Tingting , Pan Tengfei , Xia Yingdong , Zheng Lirong , Gao Xingyu , Zhang Jing , Duan Xiaozheng , Chao Lingfeng , Chen Yonghua
Published: February 2025

Screen printing has emerged as a leading candidate for industrial‐scale fabrication of perovskite photovoltaics. However, strong solvent‐solute interaction in conventional formulations accelerates the preferential crystallization of perovskites at points, hindering the progressive phase evolution from point to line to plane. In this work, we introduced halogen ions to weaken solvent‐solute interactions, achieving the reduced Pb⋅⋅⋅O coordination strength counterbalanced by enhanced Pb−I bonding interactions. This weakened interaction delays formamidinium iodide participation in rapid phase transitions to α‐formamidinium lead iodide, enabling controlled crystallization kinetics. The optimized screen‐printed perovskite solar cells demonstrate remarkable power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 21.8 % for 0.05 cm2 devices and 18.95 % for 5 cm×5 cm mini‐modules (active area: 12.60 cm2). Furthermore, this strategy exhibits broad process compatibility, achieving 23–24 % PCEs for both blade‐coating and spin‐coating devices fabricated under ambient conditions (25–30 °C, 35–50 % relative humidity). These breakthroughs highlight the universal potential of coordination engineering for scalable perovskite photovoltaics.
Chemoselective Functionalization of Tertiary C−H Bonds of Allylic Ethers: Enantioconvergent Access to sec,tert‐Vicinal Diols
Authors: Chen Yuqing , Wang Xin , Shan Jing‐Ran , Wu Zhixian , Cao Renxu , Liu Yonghong , Jin Yunhe , Hao Erjun , Houk K. N. , Shi Lei
Published: February 2025

While enantioenriched alcohols are highly significant in medicinal chemistry, total synthesis, and materials science, the stereoselective synthesis of tertiary alcohols with two adjacent stereocenters remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we present a dual catalysis approach utilizing photoredox and nickel catalysts to enable the unprecedented chemoselective functionalization of tertiary allylic C−H bonds in allyl ethers instead of cleaving the C−O bond. The resulting allyl‐Ni intermediates can undergo coupling with various aldehydes, facilitating a novel enantioconvergent approach to access extensively functionalized homoallylic sec,tert‐vicinal diols frameworks. This protocol exhibits nice tolerance towards functional groups, a broad scope of substrates, excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity (up to 20 : 1 dr, 99 % ee). Mechanistic studies suggested that allyl‐NiII acts as the nucleophilic species in the coupling reaction with carbonyls.
Targeted Colon Cancer and Chemotherapeutic Through Metal Glycoconjugates: Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and DFT Investigations
Authors: Al‐Otaibi Waad A. , Al Motwaa Sahar M. , Abubakr Amrajaa S. , Hassan Safaa S. , Rashidi Fatma B.
Published: February 2025

To advance our study on the GLUT's glucose recognition binding site and enhance the effectiveness of targeted anticancer compounds based on our encouraging findings, glycogenated metal complexes have shown promise in combating colon cancer (HCT‐116) through salicylaldehyde‐D‐glucosamine Schiff base(H2L), we proceed with our research utilizing various colon cell lines with different metal ions known for their potent anticancer effect. Newly synthesized complexes with the formulae Zn (HL)2, (CH3)2Sn(HL)2, and [Ru(L)(HL)H2O].H2O are directed against two colon cell lines (HCT‐116 and Caco‐2). Different characterization techniques are used to confirm structures. DFT was used to structurally optimize the synthesized compounds. The particle size distribution was performed for all chelates. All compounds revealed remarkable anticancer activities especially the ligand and Ru (III) complex recording IC50 values of 21.73 μg/mL against HCT‐116 and 49.53 μg/mL against Caco‐2 cell lines, respectively. The results showed that GLUT's glucose recognition binding site can attract the sugar‐conjugated compounds. The efficiency of the ligand and its Ru (III) complex was confirmed through the evaluation of GSH, SOD, MDA, NO, and LDH levels. The high affinity of metal glycoconjugates for DNA binding was explored using electrophoresis. Additionally, the metal chelates showed significant antimicrobial activity. The ligand and its Zn (II) complex showed bactericidal activity against the strain of Helicobacter pylori. The docking simulation was performed to explore the active amino acids participate in the biological interaction.
Orientation‐Dependent Upper Critical Magnetic Field and Density of State for Uranium Ditelluride
Authors: Muluneh Habtamu Anagaw
Published: February 2025

The superconductor UTe2 has garnered considerable attention due to its unique spin‐triplet pairing and high upper critical magnetic field, making it a promising candidate for exploring unconventional superconductivity. This study presents a theoretical investigation into the angle dependence of the upper critical magnetic field HC2 and the temperature‐dependent density of states (DOS) within UTe2. By employing anisotropic Ginzburg–Landau theory alongside microscopic modeling, the orientation‐dependent behavior of HC2 is analyzed along key crystallographic axes, particularly the a‐, b‐ and c‐axes, which demonstrate critical fields of ≈7, 15, and 11 T respectively. These results indicate a strong anisotropy in HC2, with a peak along the b‐axis, suggesting a profound alignment effect of the spin‐triplet pairs with the magnetic field. Additionally, temperature‐dependent DOS calculations reveal a pronounced increase in states near the Fermi level at lower temperatures, supporting the presence of unconventional pairing with potential nodal gaps. These findings suggest a complex interplay between spin fluctuations and electronic correlations, contributing to the robust superconducting phase in UTe2 and also provides deeper insights into the mechanisms driving superconductivity in UTe2 and highlights its potential for applications requiring high‐field superconductors.
Trends in Marine Mammal Bycatch in US Fisheries From 1990 to 2017
Authors: Allerton Amelia‐Jane L. , Schneider Eric V. C. , Kiszka Jeremy J. , Talwar Brendan S.
Published: February 2025

Bycatch is the greatest threat facing marine mammals globally. In the United States (US), there have been significant efforts to reduce marine mammal bycatch in commercial fisheries, particularly through the implementation of the 1994 amendments to the Marine Mammal Protection Act. However, trends in marine mammal bycatch in US commercial fisheries have not been evaluated in over a decade. We assessed trends in US marine mammal bycatch for 130 stocks of 51 species from 1990 to 2017 according to taxon, region and gear type based on National Marine Fisheries Service Stock Assessment Reports using the bycatch metric ‘mortalities and serious injuries’. We estimated that total annual marine mammal bycatch in US fisheries was 4296 ± 1789 individuals (mean ± SD), with the majority of bycatch occurring in gillnets (83%). The proportion of pinniped bycatch (52%) was slightly higher than that of cetaceans (48%). After decreasing from 1990 to 2002, there was no change in total marine mammal bycatch in all US fisheries from 2002 to 2017, although pinniped bycatch continued to decline throughout the series. Whereas reductions in marine mammal bycatch continued through 2017 in the Atlantic–Gulf of Mexico–Caribbean region, reductions in the Pacific and Alaskan regions had halted or reversed by 2006. Although a more fine‐scale evaluation is needed to determine the exact drivers of changes in marine mammal bycatch, our results agree with previous studies in suggesting some success of US bycatch mitigation measures.
Tailoring Charge Transport Properties of Anthracene‐Based Polymers by Modification of Thiophene‐Based Comonomers
Authors: Meng Zhihao , Sun Fan , Wang Tianyang , Jin Jun , Jia Xiaohui , Zhen Yonggang
Published: February 2025

Anthracenes have become a rising star in organic semiconducting materials owing to the high stability and superior mobility. In spite of solution processability for large area fabrication, anthracene‐based polymers lag far behind small‐molecule counterparts in terms of molecular diversity and carrier mobility. Herein, we synthesized two anthracene‐based polymers via Stille reaction by incorporation of two structurally similar units bithophene and cyclopentadithiophene. Anthracene‐bithophene alternating polymer (PAnBT) polymer was calculated to take a twisted backbone conformation, showing very poor mobility of 3.6×10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1 with relatively low crystallinity and coarse film morphology. In contrast, anthracene‐cyclopentadithiophene alternating polymer (AnCPDT) polymer was calculated to adopt a planar backbone conformation and displayed significantly improved mobility up to 2.2×10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 with relatively high crystallinity and smooth film morphology, which is one of the highest mobilities for anthracene‐based polymers. The different substitution positions of alkyl chains account for the varied polymer backbone conformations, resulting into a big discrepancy in film microstructures and charge carrier mobilities. This work demonstrates that design of planar backbone conformation is beneficial to improve charge transport characteristics for anthracene‐based polymers.
Silica‐based Materials for Mercury Detection and Removal: A Chelation‐Free Solution
Authors: Jitjaroendee Thanudkit , Chanmungkalakul Supphachok , Ervithayasuporn Vuthichai , Kiatisevi Supavadee
Published: February 2025

In this study, we introduce a chelation‐free approach to the dual‐functional detection and removal of Hg2+ ions using two novel silica‐based materials, AnSiO2 and PySiO2, functionalized with anthracene and pyrene, respectively. These materials were synthesized via a two‐step process involving the direct condensation of triethoxyvinylsilane onto silica gel surfaces, followed by Heck coupling with 9‐bromoanthracene and 1‐bromopyrene, respectively. They exhibit strong fluorescence emission in aqueous solutions, particularly at pH 6. Upon exposure to Hg2+ ions, both materials undergo significant fluorescence quenching, enabling sensitive and selective detection of Hg2+. PySiO2 demonstrated superior performance compared to AnSiO2, with a lower detection limit (0.29 μM) and a higher Stern‐Volmer constant (2×106 M−1). Additionally, PySiO2 shows a higher adsorption capacity for Hg2+, reaching 54.04mg/g, as confirmed by ICP‐MS analysis. The sensing mechanism involves charge‐dipole and π‐electron interactions, supported by spectroscopic analyses. Reusable for four cycles, PySiO2 effectively removes Hg2+ from aquaculture water, showcasing its potential for scalable, cost‐effective, and simultaneous detection and remediation of mercury in real‐world applications.
Dual Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence from a Single Carbazole Derivative with Multiple Charge Transfer Pathways
Authors: Dou Kunkun , Liu Sainan , Chen Mei , Zhao Bolin , Chen Yuannan , Deng Hao , Zhao Chenyang , Zhan Hongmei , Zhang Yuwei , Qin Chuanjiang , Cheng Yanxiang
Published: February 2025

Two carbazole derivatives BPA‐BNC and 4BPABNC are designed and synthesized to explore the probable dualemission behavior and mechanisms. BPA‐BNC contains two arylamino donors and one B−N multi‐resonance (MR) segment at 3,6,9‐positions of a single carbazole, while 4BPABNC has two extraarylamine donors at 1,8‐positions in addition to the above substituent groups. Two compounds in polar solvents show a clear dual emission peaked at near 490 and 540 nmwith high photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 98 %, short delayed lifetimesand extremely small single‐triplet splitting energies. The dual emissions originate fromthe MR and through‐bond charge transfer transitions, which are supported by theoretical calculation and experimental data. The solution‐processed devices based on BPA‐BNC and 4BPABNC also exhibit dual emissions and achieve the maximum external quantum efficiencies(EQEs) of 13.1 %and 12.7 %, whereas the model MR molecule provides an EQE of 7.3 % under the same device architecture.
Triazine and Indancarbazole Based Bipolar Host Materials With Fluorene Bridge for Red Phosphorescent Oleds Have Excellent Device Performance
Authors: Liu ZeYin , Shi Wei , Wang Xiaohua , Zhou Haitao , Huang Jinhai , Wei Bin , Wang Hua
Published: February 2025

In this work, two novel types of bipolar phosphorescent host materials derived from triazine and indenocarbazole, which were 5‐(7‐(4,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)‐9,9‐dimethyl‐4b,8a‐dihydro‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)‐7,7‐dimethyl‐5,7‐dihydroindeno[2,1‐b] carbazole (m‐TFFCz) and 5‐(7‐(4,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)‐9,9‐dimethyl‐4b,8a‐dihydro‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)‐5H‐benzofuro[3,2‐c]carbazole (m‐TFBFCz). Both host materials exhibit remarkable thermal stability, for example, their higher glass transition temperatures (Tg) exceed 170 °C and higher decomposition temperatures (Td) above 400 °C. The m‐TFFCz and m‐TFBFCz have high triplet energy (ET) of 2.67 eV and 2.75 eV, and their highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) are completely separated. In addition, the red PhOLEDs based on two host materials of m‐TFFCz and m‐TFBFCz exhibit the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 20.31 % and 25.40 %, and the time it takes for a device to decay from its initial maximum brightness to 95 % of its original brightness (T95) are 8.96 h and 102.63 h, respectively. Based on the results, synthesizing bipolar phosphorescent host materials using triazines is a viable design method for high‐efficiency PhOLEDs with great thermal stability.
Ertüchtigung von Stahlbetonbrücken mit UHFB – Erfahrungen aus 400+ Anwendungen
Authors: Brühwiler Eugen
Published: February 2025

Mit dem zementgebundenen Ultra‐Hochleistungsfähigen Faserverbund‐Baustoff UHFB steht ein neuartiger Baustoff zur Verfügung, der sich durch hohe mechanische Festigkeiten und Dauerhaftigkeit auszeichnet. UHFB wird in der Schweiz seit ca. 20 Jahren für die Instandsetzung und Verstärkung bestehender Stahlbetonbrücken eingesetzt. In diesem Bericht wird zunächst Bilanz aus mehr als 400 UHFB‐Anwendungen gezogen. Die Erkenntnisse aus zahlreichen Anwendungen beim Einbau von UHFB auf Brückenplatten werden derart aufbereitet, dass sie für die interessierten Leser anwendungsbereit übernommen werden können. Schließlich zeigt ein kürzlich ausgeführtes Beispiel einer mit UHFB ertüchtigten 65‐jährigen Stahlbetonbrücke, wie die Grundkonzepte und das Potenzial der UHFB‐Technologie in der Anwendung umgesetzt werden können und dabei Ressourcen geschont und baukulturelle Werte bewahrt werden.
Facile Incorporation of the Trioxosulfate Ion Preservative as a Novel Sulfonated Isoindole Fluorescent Marker for Sustainable Determination of an Antidiabetic Alogliptin Drug; Method's Sustainability Evaluation
Authors: Al‐Farhan Badriah Saad , Saleh Safaa F. , Batubara Afnan S. , Hassan Dalin A. , Maslamani Nujud , Bukhary Deena Mohammed , Hamad Ahmed Abdulhafez
Published: February 2025

The proposed study uses a special procedure to verify that an analyte assessment operation is sustainable and environmentally friendly. When the targeted analyte molecule (alogliptin drug, ALT) lacks chromophoric or fluorogenic groups, it cannot be analyzed without marking or structural amendment. The obeyed phenomenon (marking process) could be achieved via fluorescence probing or marking using tagging agents. An innovative reagent pair consisting of trioxosulfate ion and o‐Phthaldialdehyde (OPD) is used in the described analytical approach. This reagent is used to build a novel fluorescent nucleus and can be detected using the developed fluorimetric approach. ALT's amino moiety could condense trioxosulfate/OPD. This study presents a new, facile, green, sustainable fluorometric assay of the ALT drug. The product's response is linear at 50.00–800.00 ng mL−1 concentration range (LOD = 15.74 and LOQ = 47.69 ng mL−1). The method validation was considered following the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) recommendations. The planned probe was applied to the crude powder and dose forms, and excipients had no influence. The planned analytical procedure is identified as sustainable and white by the WAC (White Analytical Chemistry) indications following the Green/Red/Blue (RGB 12) pattern. Additionally, new tools (BAGI and GSST) were applied to the current work.
Relationship Between Sleep Disturbances and In Vitro Fertilization Outcomes in Infertile Women: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Habibi Farangis , Nikbakht Roya , Jahanfar Shayesteh , Ahmadi Mohammad , Eslami Maryam , Azizi Marzieh , Shahhosseini Zohreh
Published: February 2025

Background

In vitro fertilization (IVF) has been acknowledged as the primary assisted reproductive technique for fertilizing oocytes outside the female reproductive system. Sleep disorders are likely to affect infertility and its treatment. The present study was to investigate the relationship between sleep disturbances and IVF outcomes in infertile women.

Methods

Databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, and Web of Science, were searched for the relevant articles published up to September 2023. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Moreover, the random and fixed effects models using the STATA (v.11) software program presented the odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Ultimately, a funnel plot was recruited to examine the sensitivity analysis.

Results

During the initial search, 426 articles were retrieved, and ultimately, nine studies remained for systematic review, and among them, four studies entered into the meta‐analysis (two cohort and two cross‐sectional studies). According to the fixed effects model of the cross‐sectional studies, the association between sleep quality and pregnancy rate was not confirmed (OR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.81–1.07). Regarding the fixed effects model of included cohort studies, the results indicated an association between sleep quality and the pregnancy rate (OR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.03–1.14). According to the random effects model of the cross‐sectional studies, there was no significant association between sleep quality and pregnancy rate (OR = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.37–1.26). Regarding the random effect analysis of included cohort studies, the results indicated an association between sleep quality and the pregnancy rate (OR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.03–1.14). Based on the total fixed effect analysis of the cross‐sectional and cohort studies, the results also showed a significant association between sleep quality and pregnancy rate among infertile women (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.01–1.11). In contrast, according to the random effect of the total studies, this association was not confirmed (OR = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.90–1.14).

Conclusion

Although the meta‐analysis of the cohort studies showed a significant association between sleep quality and IVF outcomes, such as pregnancy rate, due to the novelty of the subject, more studies have not been published, and this study is considered a preliminary meta‐analysis. Therefore, more studies with a strong methodology need to assess the relationship between sleep disorders and IVF outcomes.
Association Between Cognitive Impairment and Dysphagia: A Two‐Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Tian Yueqin , Hu Jiahui , Wang Qianqian , Qiao Jia , Wen Hongmei , Ye Qiuping , Dou Zulin
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Previous observational studies have implied a correlation between cognitive impairment and dysphagia, but some have indicated no correlation between the two. Such contradictory findings may have been influenced by small sample sizes and potential confounders. In this Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, we genetically estimated a causal relationship between cognitive impairment and dysphagia.

Methods

The study included a large meta‐analysis of genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of cognitive impairment in 269,867 individuals of European ancestry and pooled data from a GWAS of dysphagia in 165,765 individuals of European ancestry (cases 3497, controls 161,968). We then used five different complementary MR methods, including IVW, MR‐Egger, MR‐RAPS, weighted median, and weighted mean, to estimate causality between cognitive impairment and dysphagia and finally also assessed heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy by extensive sensitivity tests.

Results

No evidence of heterogeneity in the effect of instrumental variables was found in Cochran's Q test; therefore, a fixed effects model was used. IVW analysis (OR: 1.206, 95% CI: [1.041, 1.371], p = 0.00508) found that cognitive impairment was associated with an increased risk of dysphagia and that there was a causal association between the two. Also, the weighted median (OR: 1.248, 95% CI: [1.012, 1.484], p = 0.0253), weighted mode (OR: 1.216, 95% CI: [1.043, 1.389], p = 0.0412), and MR‐RAPS (OR: 1.225, 95% CI: [1.069, 1.381], p = 0.00627) validated the conclusions. Furthermore, extensive sensitivity analyses found no evidence of heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy, confirming the reliability of this MR result.

Conclusion

Our MR study demonstrated a causal effect of cognitive impairment on dysphagia from a genetic perspective, suggesting that individuals with a history of cognitive impairment require specific clinical attention to prevent the development of dysphagia.
Are Adults With Bipolar Disorder at Increased Cardiovascular Risk due to Their Physical, Biochemical, and Physiological Profiles? The FINEXT‐BD Study
Authors: Etxaniz‐Oses José , Maldonado‐Martín Sara , Zorrilla Inaki , Gorostegi‐Anduaga Ilargi , Apodaca‐Arrizabalaga Maria J. , González‐Pinto Ana
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with considerable morbidity and premature mortality, mainly due to somatic causes. This study aims to determine some physical, exercise capacity–related physiological variables and biochemical markers of health status in adults (45.4 ± 13.1 years) with BD (n = 65) compared to a healthy control (HC) population (n = 29) sample and to estimate cardiovascular risk (CVR) through different methods in the BD group.

Methods

Multiple assessments included body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and biochemical parameters. CVR was calculated using the Framingham Heart Study, SCORE2, and relative risk methods.

Results

The BD population, compared to the HC, showed unfavorable body composition (waist‐to‐hip ratio, 0.9 ± 0.1 vs. 0.8 ± 0.1; fat body mass, 33.3 ± 10.2 vs. 24.3 ± 8.9%, p ≤ 0.001), CRF (peak oxygen uptake, 25.2 ± 8.2 vs. 33.4 ± 8.7 mL kg−1 min−1; and cardiorespiratory optimal point, 27.9 ± 4.2 vs. 23.6 ± 4.2 ventilation/oxygen uptake ratio, p ≤ 0.05), biochemical concentrations of atherogenic indexes (total cholesterol/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, 4.1 ± 1.5 vs. 3.3 ± 1.0; and triglycerides/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, 2.8 ± 2.3 vs. 1.5 ± 1.0, p ≤ 0.05), and inflammatory C‐reactive protein (3.8 ± 10.2 vs. 0.9 ± 1.05 mg/dL, p ≤ 0.05). Consequently, CVR showed higher values (p ≤ 0.05) in BD (high risk, 3.1%) compared to HC (low‐to‐moderate risk, 2.2%) participants, according to SCORE2, higher (p ≤ 0.05) vascular age (49.8 years) than chronological age (45.8 years), with a significant difference (p = 0.005) compared to HC.

Conclusions

This study highlights the importance of specific physical, biochemical, and physiological screening and CVR and vascular age assessment for people with BD. The practical application of these findings would prevent cardiovascular disease in BD and promote a healthier lifestyle as an adjuvant strategy to pharmacological intervention.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Pregnancy: Efficacy, Safety, and Future Implications for Perinatal Mental Health Care
Authors: Angeline Serena , Tiyatiye Babangida , Akosile Wole
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has gained interest as a treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the literature on its efficacy and safety for pregnant patients with MDD is limited. This article reviews and appraises available studies on TMS in pregnant women with MDD.

Methods

We reviewed randomized controlled trials and open‐label studies on TMS in pregnant women with MDD.

Results

Studies indicate that TMS is a safe and effective treatment for MDD during pregnancy, showing significant reductions in depression scores and increased response and remission rates compared to sham TMS. TMS was well tolerated with minimal side effects.

Conclusion

Larger, multicenter trials are needed to develop evidence‐based protocols for TMS use in pregnancy.
The Interaction Between Cognitive Abilities and White Matter Hyperintensity Phenotypes: A Novel Perspective on Bidirectional Causality
Authors: Ren Xiaolu , Li Ting , Li Fang , Liu Shan
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study utilizes bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) to examine the causal relationships between white matter hyperintensity (WMH) phenotypes—namely, WMH volume, fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean diffusivity (MD)—and cognitive abilities, including cognitive performance, intelligence, and overall cognitive function.

Methods

This study leverages genetic variation data from genome‐wide association study (GWAS) datasets and employs a bidirectional two‐sample MR analysis. The analysis incorporates MR Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and inverse variance weighted (IVW) methods to assess the bidirectional causal relationship between cognitive abilities and WMH volume, FA, and MD.

Results

This study employed MR to explore the causal relationships between WMH volume, FA, MD, and cognitive outcomes. Most MR methods yielded nonsignificant p values (>0.05) and wide confidence intervals. Heterogeneity tests indicated no significant heterogeneity or pleiotropy between WMH volume and cognitive performance or intelligence. However, significant heterogeneity was found between WMH volume and cognitive function, FA with cognitive performance and intelligence, and MD with cognitive performance and intelligence. Reverse analysis also revealed no significant causal relationships.

Conclusions

This study suggests that the bidirectional causal effects between cognitive abilities and WMH volume, FA, and MD are minimal or nonsignificant and highlights data heterogeneity as a concern.
Incidence and Survival of Children and Adolescents With Wilms Tumor, United States, 2001–2020
Authors: Espinoza Andres F. , Onwuka Ekene , Siegel David A. , Dai Shifan , Vasudevan Sanjeev A. , Scheurer Michael E. , Lupo Philip J.
Published: February 2025

Background

Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common pediatric malignancy of the kidney. Past studies describing WT incidence and survival used surveillance data with < 30% of the US population. We evaluated differences in WT incidence and survival comparing demographic groups and tumor characteristics.

Methods

We analyzed new cases of WT among patients aged < 20 years at diagnosis by using incidence data from US Cancer Statistics (USCS) for 2003–2020 and 5‐year relative survival (RS) data from the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) for 2001–2019. To assess incidence trends, average annual percent change (AAPC) was calculated by using joinpoint regression. Relative survival (RS) and all‐cause survival were calculated overall and by demographic and clinical variables.

Results

During 2003–2020, 8218 cases of WT were reported in USCS, which represented an age‐adjusted incidence rate of 5.7 cases per million. Rates were the highest among females (6.3), children aged 0–4 years (17.2), and non‐Hispanic Black patients (7.1). Overall, trends remained stable (AAPC = −0.4, 95% CI: −1.4 to 0.4). Among 7567 cases of WT in NPCR, 5‐year RS was 92.6%. Patients with the lowest survival include the following: those aged 10–19 years (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.02–2.65); non‐Hispanic Black patients (HR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.11–1.76); those with regional stage (HR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.47–2.54) or distant stage (HR = 5.12, 95% CI: 3.99–6.57); and patients from nonmetropolitan counties (HR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.09–1.96). Individuals diagnosed during 2011–2019 (HR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.53–0.77) had higher survival than those diagnosed during 2001–2010.

Conclusions

The highest WT incidence rates were patients who were female, 0–4 years, and non‐Hispanic Black. Survival improved during the study period; survival differed by race, ethnicity, metropolitan status, and age. Further studies to delineate the causes of these disparities may improve outcomes.
A Predictive Model for Surgical Approach Selection in Robotic Partial Nephrectomy and Its Perioperative Outcomes Based on Single‐Center Retrospective Data
Authors: Shu Fan , Liu Zhuo , Duan Peichen , Hao Yichang , Ma Xin , Zhang Hongxian , Wang Guoliang , Tian Xiaojun , Liu Lei , Zhang Shudong
Published: February 2025

Objectives

To compare the perioperative and postoperative outcomes of transperitoneal and retroperitoneal robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN) and develop a prediction model for reference to select the approach.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed our single‐institutional RPN database. The patients were divided into training and validation sets. In training set, transperitoneal and retroperitoneal cases were matched using propensity score matching to balance confounding factors. The intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of both approaches were compared. A prediction model was constructed to predict the probability of the retroperitoneal approach. The model was then externally validated using the data from the validation set.

Results

A total of 318 patients were included in the training set, and after propensity score matching, 200 cases were left. Additionally, 92 patients were included in the validation set. The estimated blood loss (p = 0.021) and the hemoglobin change (p = 0.016) were greater in the transperitoneal group. There was no significant difference in operative time (p = 0.539), warm ischemia time (p = 0.678), hospitalization time (p = 0.673), extubation time (p = 0.621), creatinine change (p = 0.623), negative margin (p = 1), local recurrence (p = 1), postoperative complication (p = 0.229), long‐term creatinine (p = 0.158), and overall survival (p = 0.671) between the two groups. Tumor diameter, anteroposterior location, longitudinal location, and accessory renal artery were employed as variables to construct the prediction model, resulting in area under the curve values of 0.84 and 0.77, respectively, during internal and external validation.

Conclusions

Retroperitoneal and transperitoneal approaches of RPN showed no difference in perioperative outcomes except estimated blood loss and hemoglobin change. The retroperitoneal approach is recommended for smaller tumors located in the upper pole or posterior and the presence of an accessory renal artery. Our model is available to predict the probability of the retroperitoneal approach.
Elevated Neutrophil‐to‐Lymphocyte Ratio Correlates With Liver Metastases and Poor Immunotherapy Response in Stage IV Melanoma
Authors: Foerster Yannick , Mayer Kristine , Wasserer Sophia , Dechant Marta , Verkhoturova Vitalina , Heyer Sarah , Biedermann Tilo , Persa Oana‐Diana
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives

Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has revolutionized treatment for metastasized melanoma, but many patients remain unresponsive. Concerning potential adverse events, reliable biomarkers to predict ICI response are needed. In this context, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and derived NLR (dNLR) have emerged. Liver metastases also limit ICI efficacy, correlating with diminished overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) and may siphon activated T cells from the systemic circulation, creating an ‘immune desert state’. We evaluated the predictive role of NLR and dNLR for ICI response and the impact of liver metastases on systemic immunity and treatment efficacy.

Patients and Methods

In this single‐center retrospective study, we included 141 stage IV melanoma patients undergoing ICI. NLR and dNLR were calculated from absolute neutrophil count, absolute lymphocyte count, and white blood cell count.

Results

Elevated NLR and dNLR were associated with poor response to ICI and inferior PFS. Patients with liver metastases exhibited higher NLR and dNLR levels and showed diminished response to ICI.

Conclusions

Elevated baseline NLR and dNLR predict poor response to ICI and PFS in stage IV melanoma. Liver metastases are negative predictors for ICI response, with associated higher NLR and dNLR levels potentially contributing to therapy resistance.
Trust and the Use of Digital Social and Healthcare Services Among Incarcerated People: A Mixed Methods Study in Finnish Prisons
Authors: Rantanen Teemu , Järveläinen Eeva , Leppälahti Teppo
Published: February 2025

Incarcerated people face many social and health challenges, and have particular support and rehabilitation needs. The digitisation of services enables the efficient provision of different services including those used during imprisonment. The objective of this study is to investigate the significance of trust in the use of digital social and healthcare services among incarcerated people. Many studies have found that trust has an effect on intention to use digital social and healthcare services; however, the matter has not been studied among incarcerated people. This study asks two principal questions: How do incarcerated people's levels of trust in the internet and social and healthcare services affect their intention to use digital services? What factors explain incarcerated people's levels of trust? A cross‐sectional survey (n = 225) was carried out in 11 prisons in Finland and the results analysed using the Pearson product–moment correlation coefficient, a two‐tailed t‐test, and linear regression analysis. Since prisons are a quite unique context from the point of view of the use of digital services and there is no previous research on trust in digital social and healthcare services among incarcerated people, the statistical analysis was supplemented with qualitative interview data (n = 18). The study shows the importance of trust in relation to the use of digital social and healthcare services among incarcerated people. Previous use of services is positively associated with trust, and deficiencies in basic digital skills are negatively associated with trust. The qualitative analysis reveals that positive experiences of the trustworthiness of social and healthcare services do not always lead to affective trust. The community and social impact statement for this article can be found in the Supporting Information.
Bridging the Ideological Divide: Communicating the Positive Economic Impact of Climate Policy to Persuade the Right
Authors: Bertolotti Mauro , Catellani Patrizia
Published: February 2025

Political polarisation on the issue of climate change is an obstacle to an effective public debate on the measures needed to tackle the problem. Communication that focuses on the economic dimension could be one way to increase the limited support of right‐wing audiences for climate policy. In two experimental studies, we examined how a message advocating a switch from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources affects participants' support for this policy. The message focused on the environmental or economic consequences of the policy (Studies 1 and 2), was framed in terms of gain or loss (Study 1) and was attributed to different sources (Study 2). Participants' political orientation and their beliefs and concerns about climate change were also assessed. The results showed that attitudes towards climate change and support for the policy were strongly related to political orientation. Right‐leaning participants were significantly less concerned about climate change and less supportive of the proposed policy. This effect was moderated by the focus of the message, as right‐leaning participants agreed more with the economic focus message than the environmental focus message, while left‐leaning participants did the opposite. The discussion focuses on the role of communication and message framing in integrating climate action into the political agenda and bridging the existing political divide.
Discover the leader within you
Authors: Johnson Vicki V.
Published: February 2025

In her book The Unexpected Leader: Discovering the Leader Within You, Jacqueline M. Baker makes the case that anyone can be a leader by declaring it so, committing to the process of growth, and customizing that growth to one's own unique approach. The book is structured in three large sections.