bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of the Current Practices of Bioeconomy Education and Training in the EU
Authors: Paris Bas , Michas Dimitris , Balafoutis Athanasios T. , Nibbi Leonardo , Skvaril Jan , Li Hailong , Pimentel Duarte , da Silva Carlota , Athanasopoulou Elena , Petropoulos Dimitrios , Apostolopoulos Nikolaos
Published: January 2023

This study conducts a review of the current practices of bioeconomy education and training in the EU; as well as the associated methodologies; techniques and approaches. In recent years; considerable efforts have been made towards developing appropriate bioeconomy education and training programs in order to support a transition towards a circular bioeconomy. This review separates bioeconomy education approaches along: higher education and academic approaches, vocational education and training (VET) and practical approaches, short-term training and education approaches, and other approaches. A range of training methodologies and techniques and pedagogical approaches are identified. The main commonalities found amongst these approaches are that they are generally problem based and interdisciplinary, and combine academic and experiential. Higher education approaches are generally based on traditional lecture/campus-based formats with some experiential approaches integrated. In contrast, VET approaches often combine academic and practical learning methods while focusing on developing practical skills. A range of short-term courses and other approaches to bioeconomy education are also reviewed.
A Study of the Spatial Mechanism of Financial Agglomeration Affecting Green Low-Carbon Development: Evidence from China
Authors: Quan Tianshu , Quan Tianli
Published: January 2023

China has stepped into the assertive stage of transforming the economic development mode and economic growth momentum, while green and low-carbon development is undoubtedly the way to promote high-quality economic development in the new period. As the core of modern economic growth, the spatial scale concentration of finance plays a crucial role in the development of economic transformation. In this paper, the SBM-GML production index method was used to measure the green low-carbon development level of 30 provinces in China from 2003 to 2019. It also empirically examines the impact and effect of financial agglomeration on green low-carbon development from a two-dimensional perspective of time and space using a systematic generalized matrix and a spatial dynamic panel model. At the same time, the spatial spillover effects of financial agglomeration were measured using a partial differential approach combined with the mediating effect model to reveal the path of financial agglomeration on green low-carbon development. It was found that, firstly, financial agglomeration achieves green low-carbon, and high-quality development through economic growth, industrial structure upgrading, and technological innovation improvement. It also achieves the enhancement of green, low-carbon development through the dual improvement of green technological progress and green technological efficiency. Second, financial agglomeration can enhance the green low-carbon development of neighboring regions; the positive effect of financial agglomeration has a significant positive spatial spillover. Third, the relationship between financial agglomeration and green low-carbon development shows a significant inverted U-shaped relationship, i.e., short-term promotion and long-term inhibition; at present, financial agglomeration, as a whole, has not crossed the critical value but still has a promotional effect on green low-carbon development. Finally, this article points out that in order to effectively promote green, low-carbon development, China needs to continuously promote the formation and optimization of financial agglomeration and make concerted efforts in economic growth, industrial structure upgrading, and technological progress.
A Communication, Management and Tracking Mobile Application for Enhancing Earthquake Preparedness and Situational Awareness in the Event of an Earthquake
Authors: Kirci Pinar , Arslan Davut , Dincer Sureyya Fatih
Published: January 2023

The presented DepApp is an application that provides information about the intensity, time and whereabouts of a recent earthquake. In addition, the presented application is a mobile application that contains emergency phone numbers and can provide general information about an earthquake which people can benefit from before and after the earthquake. With the presented application, people will be able to easily access information about earthquakes. Moreover, safe areas in which to shelter after an earthquake are offered to the user. Information about an earthquake kit is given to user in the application. The earthquake kit should be prepared before the earthquake. The application also includes emergency sounds that can be used in the event of an earthquake. A survey system is designed to determine the intensity of the earthquake as it is felt by the users. After the earthquake, the application presents the intensity, time, and location of the earthquake to the user. Thus, with this application, users will be more knowledgeable and prepared for an earthquake.
Exploring the Key Elements of Sustainable Design from a Social Responsibility Perspective: A Case Study of Fast Fashion Consumers’ Evaluation of Green Projects
Authors: Fan Kuo-Kuang , Chang Yi-Ting
Published: January 2023

With the growing global awareness of sustainable development, the impact of “fast fashion” on the environment has drawn much attention. This study investigated 365 fast fashion consumers with higher-than-average spending on fast fashion garments in Taiwan and analyzed the data with the analytic network process. From the perspective of social responsibility theory, the triple bottom line framework, and the concept of cradle-to-cradle, this study conducted in-depth interviews with 10 experts in the field of clothing. Based on the results, this study constructed a model with 4 core dimensions and 12 key criteria of sustainable clothing design, with the enterprise, design, and consumer sides as the decision-making options. Moreover, it was found that consumers believe that the first decision-making key that affects sustainable design is the enterprise side, and the most important green item that affects sustainable design is “cherishing”. The findings of this study can provide an important reference standard for sustainable design in the apparel industry.
Migration and Land Exploitation from Yuan to Qing Dynasties: Insights from 252 Traditional Villages in Hunan, China
Authors: Yuan Chuanchuan , Jiang Mu
Published: January 2023

This paper investigates 252 traditional villages in Hunan, China, and uses ArcGIS and Geodetector to analyze village expansion and land exploitation from the Yuan dynasty to the Qing dynasty caused by factors such as migration during China’s middle and late imperial periods. This article demonstrates the development of land by the earlier settlers of ancient Chinese villages and shows the progression from easily exploited flatlands to more difficult-to-exploit mountainous areas. It also shows that early settlers relied more on natural factors when establishing their villages during the Yuan Dynasty but relied more on factors such as transportation due to the migration policies introduced during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. This paper will help us to determine the migration dynamics of ethnic groups and the distribution of settlements in the region (Hunan region) during the Yuan, Ming, and Qing eras.
Improvement Mechanism of the Mechanical Properties and Pore Structure of Rubber Lightweight Aggregate Concrete with S95 Slag
Authors: Guo Zihao , Wang Hailong , Sun Song , Feng Shuai , Shu Libin , Tang Chao
Published: January 2023

This paper used natural pumice from the Inner Mongolia region as coarse aggregate to produce a lightweight concrete mix with a 3% rubber particle (20 mesh) content and dissimilar slag contents (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%). It measured the compressive strength in five periods (3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d). It also observed the development of the microstructure and measured the air content and pore distribution of the concrete using environmental scanning electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. A microtest combined with macroscopic mechanical experiments were used to analyze the influence on the mechanical properties of the rubber lightweight aggregate by the content of the S95 slag. The results showed that slag can improve the microstructure of rubber lightweight aggregate concrete. It hydrated the products, optimized the porous structure, and enhanced the compressive strength of the rubber lightweight aggregate concrete at 28 days, with excellent results regarding the air entraining. The best compressive strength of the rubber powder lightweight aggregate concrete at 28 days was when the content of the slag was 15%. An Atzeni pore-structure–strength model was introduced that contained a cement mass fraction. The results of the fitting indicate that the pore structure located at 0.1~1 μm had a marked influence on the mechanical properties of the rubber powder concrete.
Bi-Objective Optimization and Emergy Analysis of Multi-Distributed Energy System Considering Shared Energy Storage
Authors: Ye Zhaonian , Wang Yongzhen , Han Kai , Zhao Changlu , Han Juntao , Zhu Yilin
Published: January 2023

Shared energy storage (SES) provides a solution for breaking the poor techno-economic performance of independent energy storage used in renewable energy networks. This paper proposes a multi-distributed energy system (MDES) driven by several heterogeneous energy sources considering SES, where bi-objective optimization and emergy analysis methods are used for the system’s optimal capacity planning and operating scheduling considering economic, environmental, and sustainable performances, and Nash bargaining is adopted for the reasonable distribution of benefits of MDES. Then, an energy system composed of four different DESs (distributed energy system) considering one Shared Energy Storage Operator (SESO) is taken as an example for further study, namely one to four shared energy storage multi-energy systems, where MDES with and without SESO are compared. The results reveal that the operation cost of MDES considering SESO and Nash bargaining is reduced by 3.03%, while all the distributed energy systems have lower operating costs, and SESO has an additional income of $142.4/day. Correspondingly, the emergy yield ratio, emergy sustainability index, and emergy investment ratio of the corresponding system increase by 5.15%, 3.83%, and 9.94%, respectively, wherein the environmental load rate increases by 1.67% because of the greater consumption reduction of renewable resources than that of non-renewable resources under the premise of reduced emergy consumption.
Distribution and Ecological Network Construction of National Natural Protected Areas in the Upper Reaches of Yangtze River
Authors: Dong Xiangshou , Yuan Quanzhi , Kou Yaowen , Li Shujun , Ren Ping
Published: January 2023

The upper reaches are an important part of the Yangtze River Basin. The basin area is large and the terrain is complex, covering nearly all types of terrestrial ecosystems. This study sorts out the information of 313 protected areas in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and uses morphological spatial pattern analysis, a minimum cumulative resistance model, and geospatial indicators to quantitatively analyze the relationship between population density, per capita gross domestic product, and the pattern of protected areas in combination with regional economic and social conditions. Results show that the number of national forest parks is the largest, accounting for 31.31% of the study area. In the study area, all types of protected areas are concentrated distribution, protected areas in sparsely populated areas that are larger, more densely populated, and more economically developed, and the corresponding number of protected areas is greater. The study area is divided into five regions through the analysis of the corridors of the protected areas: the source area of the Yangtze River National Park, the Hengduan Mountain Ecological Strict Protection Area, the Qinling-Daba Mountain Ecological Protection Area, the Northern Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau Ecological Protection Area, and the Three Gorges Ecological Control Area, forming an ecological network pattern of “one park, four districts, and three rings” in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.
Synthesis, Crystal Packing Aspects and Pseudosymmetry in Coordination Compounds with a Phosphorylamide Ligand
Authors: Sukhikh Taisiya S. , Khisamov Radmir M. , Konchenko Sergey N.
Published: January 2023

This work reports the synthesis and crystal structure of new closely related coordination compounds, [ML2]·nTHF, where M is Zn or Mn; L is a phosphorylmethylamide derivative of benzothiadiazole; n = 1 (M = Zn) and 1, 2 (M = Mn); and THF is tetrahydrofuran. The zinc compound, 1·THF, crystallizes in a high-symmetry space group, I41/a, that is relatively rare for compounds with organic ligands. The corresponding manganese congener, 2·THF, with a similar crystal packing, features a pseudosymmetrical structure P21/c of the doubled volume of the unit cell as compared to 1·THF. The main difference between the structures lies in a different arrangement of solvate THF molecules, which likely modulates the crystal packing of the complexes. Another manganese solvatomorph, 2·2THF, reveals a fundamentally different crystal packing while exhibiting a similar geometry of the complex. We consider the problem of localization of solvate THF molecules and the types of their disorder by the example of compounds 1–2.
A Hybrid AES with a Chaotic Map-Based Biometric Authentication Framework for IoT and Industry 4.0
Authors: Altameem Ayman , P Prabu , T Senthilnathan , Poonia Ramesh Chandra , Saudagar Abdul Khader Jilani
Published: January 2023

The Internet of Things (IoT) is being applied in multiple domains, including smart homes and energy management. This work aims to tighten security in IoTs using fingerprint authentications and avoid unauthorized access to systems for safeguarding user privacy. Captured fingerprints can jeopardize the security and privacy of personal information. To solve privacy- and security-related problems in IoT-based environments, Biometric Authentication Frameworks (BAFs) are proposed to enable authentications in IoTs coupled with fingerprint authentications on edge consumer devices and to ensure biometric security in transmissions and databases. The Honeywell Advanced Encryption Security-Cryptography Measure (HAES-CM) scheme combined with Hybrid Advanced Encryption Standards with Chaotic Map Encryptions is proposed. BAFs enable private and secure communications between Industry 4.0’s edge devices and IoT. This work’s suggested scheme’s evaluations with other encryption methods reveal that the suggested HAES-CM encryption strategy outperforms others in terms of processing speeds.
Evaluation of the Synthetic Multifunctional Peptide Hp-MAP3 Derivative of Temporin-PTa
Authors: Silva Patrícia Souza e , Guindo Alexya Sandim , Oliveira Pedro Henrique Cardoso , de Moraes Luiz Filipe Ramalho Nunes , Boleti Ana Paula de Araújo , Ferreira Marcos Antonio , de Oliveira Caio Fernando Ramalho , Macedo Maria Ligia Rodrigues , Rossato Luana , Simionatto Simone , Migliolo Ludovico
Published: January 2023

In recent years, antimicrobial peptides isolated from amphibian toxins have gained attention as new multifunctional drugs interacting with different molecular targets. We aimed to rationally design a new peptide from temporin-PTa. Hp-MAP3 (NH2-LLKKVLALLKKVL-COOH), net charge (+4), hydrophobicity (0.69), the content of hydrophobic residues (69%), and hydrophobic moment (0.73). For the construction of the analog peptide, the physicochemical characteristics were reorganized into hydrophilic and hydrophobic residues with the addition of lysines and leucines. The minimum inhibitory concentration was 2.7 to 43 μM against the growth of Gram-negative and positive bacteria, and the potential for biofilm eradication was 173.2 μM. Within 20 min, the peptide Hp-MAP3 (10.8 μM) prompted 100% of the damage to E. coli cells. At 43.3 μM, eliminated 100% of S. aureus within 5 min. The effects against yeast species of the Candida genus ranged from 5.4 to 86.6 μM. Hp-MAP3 presents cytotoxic activity against tumor HeLa at a concentration of 21.6 μM with an IC50 of 10.4 µM. Furthermore, the peptide showed hemolytic activity against murine erythrocytes. Structural studies carried out by circular dichroism showed that Hp-MAP3, while in the presence of 50% trifluoroethanol or SDS, an α-helix secondary structure. Finally, Amphipathic Hp-MAP3 building an important model for the design of new multifunctional molecules.
A Promising Biomolecule Able to Degrade Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: CdcPDE, a Rattlesnake Phosphodiesterase
Authors: Oliveira Isadora , Costa Victor , Veras Flávio , Ferreira Isabela , Cunha Fernando , Cunha Thiago , Monteiro Wuelton , Arantes Eliane , Pucca Manuela
Published: January 2023

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are an important mechanism for defense against pathogens. Their overproduction can be harmful since excessive NET formation promotes inflammation and tissue damage in several diseases. Nucleases are capable to degrade NET on basis of their DNA hydrolysis activity, including the CdcPDE, a nuclease isolated from Crotalus durissus collilineatus snake venom. Here, we report a new finding about CdcPDE activity, demonstrating its efficiency in degrading cell-free DNA from NETs, being a potential candidate to assist in therapies targeting inflammatory diseases.
Discovery of the Nicotinic Receptor Toxin Anabaseine in a Polystiliferan Nemertean
Authors: Kem William R. , Rocca James R. , Johnson Jodie V. , Junoy Juan
Published: January 2023

Nemerteans (also called Nemertines) are a phylum of predominantly marine worms that use toxins to capture prey and to defend themselves against predators. Hoplonemerteans have a proboscis armed with one or more stylets used in prey capture and are taxonomically divided into Order Monostilifera, whose members possess a single large proboscis stylet, and Order Polystilifera, whose members have multiple small stylets. Many monostiliferans contain alkaloidal toxins, including anabaseine, that stimulate and then desensitize nicotinic acetylcholine receptors that are present in all animals. These compounds also interact with pyridyl chemoreceptors in crustaceans, reducing predation and larval settlement. Anabaseine has been a lead compound in the design of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists like GTS-21 (also called DMXBA) to treat disorders of cognition such as Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia. These drug candidates also display anti-inflammatory activities of potential medical importance. Most polystiliferans live deep in open oceans and are relatively inaccessible. We fortunately obtained two live specimens of a large benthic polystiliferan, Paradrepanophorus crassus (Pc), from the coast of Spain. MS and NMR analyses of the Ehrlich’s reagent derivative allowed identification of anabaseine. A spectrophotometric assay for anabaseine, also based on its reaction with Ehrlich’s reagent, revealed high concentrations of anabaseine in the body and proboscis. Apparently, the biosynthetic mechanism for producing anabaseine was acquired early in the evolution of the Hoplonemertea, before the monostiliferan-polystiliferan divergence.
Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Types 16/18 and Effect of Vaccination among Japanese Female General Citizens in the Vaccine Crisis Era
Authors: Kitamura Tadaichi , Suzuki Motofumi , Shigehara Kazuyoshi , Fukuda Kazuko , Matsuyama Taeko , Kume Haruki
Published: January 2023

The Japanese government withdrew its recommendation for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in June 2013 and resumed it in April 2022. This period is known as the vaccine crisis in Japan. This study aimed to elucidate the prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV among Japanese female citizens, and the effect of vaccination against HPV-16/18 in the era of the vaccine crisis. We recruited Japanese female citizens and asked them to provide self-collected samples from the vaginal wall using cotton swabs for HPV genotyping. Furthermore, we collected the participants’ characteristics, including lifestyle and experience of vaccination against HPV, to determine the significant association with HPV infection. HPV-16/18 positivity was found in 5.6% (115/2044) of participants. The highest vaccination rate was observed in the age group of 20–24 years (60.6%), whereas the lowest HPV-16/18 positivity was observed in the age group of 45–49 years (2.8%), followed by the age group of 20–24 years (4.0%). Experience with HPV vaccination significantly reduced the risk of HPV-16/18 infection (adjusted odds ratio, 0.047; 95% confidence interval, 0.011–0.196). Vaccinated women were much less likely to be infected by HPV-16/18, regardless of the HPV vaccine type or the vaccination dose.
Human Adenovirus Gene Expression and Replication Is Regulated through Dynamic Changes in Nucleoprotein Structure throughout Infection
Authors: Jennings Morgan R. , Parks Robin J.
Published: January 2023

Human adenovirus (HAdV) is extremely common and can rapidly spread in confined populations such as daycare centers, hospitals, and retirement homes. Although HAdV usually causes only minor illness in otherwise healthy patients, HAdV can cause significant morbidity and mortality in certain populations, such as the very young, very old, or immunocompromised individuals. During infection, the viral DNA undergoes dramatic changes in nucleoprotein structure that promote the rapid expression of viral genes, replication of the DNA, and generation of thousands of new infectious virions—each process requiring a distinct complement of virus and host-encoded proteins. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the nucleoprotein structure of HAdV DNA during the various phases of infection, the cellular proteins implicated in mediating these changes, and the role of epigenetics in HAdV gene expression and replication.
Refocus on Immunogenic Characteristics of Convalescent COVID-19 Challenged by Prototype SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Huang Xiaorong , Liang Chumin , Li Manman , Chen Huimin , Li Zhaowan , Ruan Qianqian , Hu Ximing , Zeng Lilian , Lin Huifang , Zhao Wei , Xiao Jianpeng , Sun Limei , Sun Jiufeng
Published: January 2023

Background: Mass basic and booster immunization programs effectively contained the spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, also known as COVID-19. However, the emerging Variants of Concern (VOCs) of COVID-19 evade the immune protection of the vaccine and increase the risk of reinfection. Methods: Serum antibodies of 384 COVID-19 cases recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection were examined. Correlations between clinical symptoms and antibodies against VOCs were analyzed. Result: All 384 cases (aged 43, range 1–90) were from 15 cities of Guangdong, China. The specific IgA, IgG, and IgM antibodies could be detected within 4–6 weeks after infection. A broad cross-reaction between SARS-CoV-2 and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, but not with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus was found. The titers of neutralization antibodies (NAbs) were significantly correlated with IgG (r = 0.667, p < 0.001), but showed poor neutralizing effects against VOCs. Age, fever, and hormone therapy were independent risk factors for NAbs titers reduction against VOCs. Conclusion: Humoral immunity antibodies from the original strain of COVID-19 showed weak neutralization effects against VOCs, and decreased neutralizing ability was associated with initial age, fever, and hormone therapy, which hindered the effects of the COVID-19 vaccine developed from the SARS-CoV-2 prototype virus.
An RNA-Based Vaccine Platform for Use against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Larsen Sasha E. , Erasmus Jesse H. , Reese Valerie A. , Pecor Tiffany , Archer Jacob , Kandahar Amit , Hsu Fan-Chi , Nicholes Katrina , Reed Steven G. , Baldwin Susan L. , Coler Rhea N.
Published: January 2023

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), a bacterial pathogen that causes tuberculosis disease (TB), exerts an extensive burden on global health. The complex nature of M.tb, coupled with different TB disease stages, has made identifying immune correlates of protection challenging and subsequently slowing vaccine candidate progress. In this work, we leveraged two delivery platforms as prophylactic vaccines to assess immunity and subsequent efficacy against low-dose and ultra-low-dose aerosol challenges with M.tb H37Rv in C57BL/6 mice. Our second-generation TB vaccine candidate ID91 was produced as a fusion protein formulated with a synthetic TLR4 agonist (glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant in a stable emulsion) or as a novel replicating-RNA (repRNA) formulated in a nanostructured lipid carrier. Protein subunit- and RNA-based vaccines preferentially elicit cellular immune responses to different ID91 epitopes. In a single prophylactic immunization screen, both platforms reduced pulmonary bacterial burden compared to the controls. Excitingly, in prime-boost strategies, the groups that received heterologous RNA-prime, protein-boost or combination immunizations demonstrated the greatest reduction in bacterial burden and a unique humoral and cellular immune response profile. These data are the first to report that repRNA platforms are a viable system for TB vaccines and should be pursued with high-priority M.tb antigens containing CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes.
Isolated Bacteria from the Uteri of Camels with Different Reproductive Backgrounds: A Study on Sampling Methodology, Prevalence, and Clinical Significance
Authors: Asadi Behnam , Seyedasgari Fahimeh , Ashrafi Tamai Iradj , Yarmohammadi Mehdi , Ebadi Reza , Kim Ellen , Barin Abbas
Published: January 2023

The objectives of this study were to comparatively identify the common bacterial isolates from the uteri of camels coming from different reproductive backgrounds after standardizing the sampling method and to investigate the association of clinically measurable parameters with uterine colonization by these isolates. The uterine samples from 856 dromedary camels yielded a total of 17 different bacterial species with a higher proportion of sub-fertile camel uteri being colonized by bacteria (66.6%) as compared to nulliparous, recently calved, and those with unknown reproductive history combined (44.2%; p < 0.05). Camels with body condition scoring < 3 and those with a consistently echogenic appearance of the uterine lumen by sonography were more likely to be positive on uterine culture, while the presence of pus in uterine discharge was not associated with the odds of bacterial isolation (p > 0.05). While certain strains were more likely to be obtained from the uteri of the sub-fertile group (p < 0.05), embryo transfer to camels with a positive uterine culture in the absence of other gross reproductive pathologies did not necessarily affect the overall pregnancy rate compared to recipients with a negative uterine culture (p > 0.05). In conclusion, a relatively high bacterial load can be identified from the uteri of both sub-fertile and normal dromedary camels, with a higher frequency among the former. The uterine ultrasonography and evaluation of the body condition score can help in identifying the camels in which uterus is contaminated by bacteria.
Enhanced Effect of Mining Dust Diffusion on Melting of the Adjacent Glacier: A Case Study in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhang Zhiyi , Song Yongze , Xu Xinyi , Hou Dazhong
Published: January 2023

Given the typical disturbances in the aqueous environment in the alpine area because of mining activities in Northwest China, a case study highlighting the enhanced effect of mining dust diffusion on the melting of the adjacent glacier is presented here. Initially, a three-dimensional numerical model of the local airflow field was established by considering the effects of both mines and glaciers using the FLUENT software. Then, the diffusion path and size range of dust particles from the mines were simulated by feeding the mining dust parameters into the above numerical model. Finally, a physical simulation experiment was performed to evaluate the influence of mining dust coverage on the glaciers. The major conclusions of this study were as follows: (1) The local airflow field in the target alpine area is controlled by the ‘heat and cold double-island effects’ formed by the mine and the glacier, and the wind circulation always takes place in a clockwise direction between the mining pit on the left and the glacier on the right. (2) In a given airflow field, there is a spread of mining dust from the mine to the glacier along the upper airflow. The arrival rates of the dust are 16.9% and 13.3% in winter and summer, respectively, and the horizontal distance of dust diffusion is inversely proportional to its particle size. (3) For an ice sample with a sectional area of 225 cm2 and a volume of 1000 mL, the melting rate increased by 4.5 mL/h with an increase of dust coverage by 10%. Furthermore, when compared with a control group without dust cover, the effect of a 28% increase in dust coverage is approximately equivalent to the effect of a 1 °C increase in temperature on the ablation speed of the glacier. The study results can provide a useful reference for the selection of mining sites and the control of mining dust diffusion in alpine regions with glaciers, thereby facilitating environmentally friendly mining in alpine regions.
Phosphorus Recovery and Simultaneous Heavy Metal Removal from ISSA in a Two-Compartment Cell
Authors: Fang Le , Zhang Zuotai , Mei Ying , Xu Linji , Ren Ze
Published: January 2023

Traditional acid extraction or electrodialytic remediation (EDR) is inefficient to recover phosphorus (P) from incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA). This study used a hybrid process including acid extraction and EDR to extract P from ISSA and remove heavy metals/metals from the P extract sequentially. Specifically, the P extract was obtained by extracting ISSA with 0.2 M H2SO4 and a two-compartment cell was applied in the following EDR process. Constant currents of 15 mA, 35 mA and 50 mA were applied for the electromigration of the heavy metals/metals. Results showed that the efficiency of heavy metals/metals removal fluctuated and was relatively low (approximately 20%) under a current of 15 mA. Increasing the current to 35 mA significantly increased the removal efficiency and that of 50 mA was conspicuous, except Fe, Al and As (<50%). Meanwhile, P gradually immigrated to the catholyte after an EDR duration of 96 h. Consistent with heavy metal/metal immigration results, the pH change and 50 mA voltage drop were dramatic (the pH change was 12 and the voltage drop was 11 V). In addition, flocculent precipitates, which were predominantly Ca, P, Al, Mg and Fe, were found in the catholyte.
Identifying Alpine Lakes in the Eastern Himalayas Using Deep Learning
Authors: Xu Jinhao , Feng Min , Sui Yijie , Yan Dezhao , Zhang Kuo , Shi Kaidan
Published: January 2023

Alpine lakes, which include glacial and nonglacial lakes, are widely distributed in high mountain areas and are sensitive to climate and environmental changes. Remote sensing is an effective tool for identifying alpine lakes over large regions, but in the case of small lakes, the complex terrain and extreme weather make their accurate identification extremely challenging. This paper presents an automated method for alpine lake identification developed by leveraging deep learning algorithms and multi-source high-resolution satellite data. The method is able to detect the outlines and types of alpine lakes from high-resolution optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite data. In this study, a total of 4584 alpine lakes (including 2795 glacial lakes) were identified in the Eastern Himalayas from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data acquired during 2016–2020. The average area of the lakes was 0.038 km2, and the average elevation was 4974 m. High accuracy was reported for the dataset for both segmentation (mean Intersection Over Union (MIoU) > 72%) and classification (Overall Accuracy, User’s and Producer’s Accuracies, and F1-Score are all higher than 85%). A higher accuracy was found for the combination of optical and SAR data than relying on single-sourced data, for which the MIoU increased by at least 12%, suggesting that the combination of optical and SAR data is critical for improving the identification of alpine lakes. The deep learning-based method demonstrated a significant improvement over traditional spectral extraction methods.
Switching Kalman Filtering-Based Corrosion Detection and Prognostics for Offshore Wind-Turbine Structures
Authors: Brijder Robert , Helsen Stijn , Ompusunggu Agusmian Partogi
Published: January 2023

Since manual inspections of offshore wind turbines are costly, there is a need for remote monitoring of their health condition, including health prognostics. In this paper, we focus on corrosion detection and corrosion prognosis since corrosion is a major failure mode of offshore wind turbine structures. In particular, we propose an algorithm for corrosion detection and three algorithms for corrosion prognosis by using Bayesian filtering approaches, and quantitatively compare their accuracy against synthetic datasets having characteristics typical for wall thickness measurements using ultrasound sensors. We found that a corrosion prognosis algorithm based on the Pourbaix corrosion model using unscented Kalman filtering outperforms the algorithms based on a linear corrosion model and the bimodal corrosion model introduced by Melchers.
Recent Applications of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) on Screen-Printed Electrodes for Pesticide Detection
Authors: Nageib Adilah Mohamed , Halim Amanatuzzakiah Abdul , Nordin Anis Nurashikin , Ali Fathilah
Published: January 2023

The overuse of pesticides in agricultural sectors exposes people to food contamination. Pesticides are toxic to humans and can have both acute and chronic health effects. To protect food consumers from the adverse effects of pesticides, a rapid monitoring system of the residues is in dire need. Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) on a screen-printed electrode (SPE) is a leading and promising electrochemical sensing approach for the detection of several residues including pesticides. Despite the huge development in analytical instrumentation developed for contaminant detection in recent years such as HPLC and GC/MS, these conventional techniques are time-consuming and labor-intensive. Additionally, the imprinted SPE detection system offers a simple portable setup where all electrodes are integrated into a single strip, and a more affordable approach compared to MIP attached to traditional rod electrodes. Recently, numerous reviews have been published on the production and sensing applications of MIPs however, the research field lacks reviews on the use of MIPs on electrochemical sensors utilizing the SPE technology. This paper presents a distinguished overview of the MIP technique used on bare and modified SPEs for the detection of pesticides from four recent publications which are malathion, chlorpyrifos, paraoxon and cyhexatin. Different molecular imprint routes were used to prepare these biomimetic sensors including solution polymerization, thermal polymerization, and electropolymerization. The unique characteristics of each MIP-modified SPE are discussed and the comparison among the findings of the papers is critically reviewed.
UV-cured Polymer Solid Electrolyte Reinforced using a Ceramic-Polymer Composite Layer for Stable Solid-State Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Choi Hye Min , Jun Su Jin , Lee Jinhong , Ryu Myung-Hyun , Shin Hyeyoung , Jung Kyu-Nam
Published: January 2023

In recent years, solid-state Li metal batteries (SSLBs) have attracted significant attention as the next-generation batteries with high energy and power densities. However, uncontrolled dendrite growth and the resulting pulverization of Li during repeated plating/stripping processes must be addressed for practical applications. Herein, we report a plastic-crystal-based polymer/ceramic composite solid electrolyte (PCCE) to resolve these issues. To fabricate the one-side ceramic-incorporated PCCE (CI-PCCE) film, a mixed precursor solution comprising plastic-crystal-based polymer (succinonitrile, SN) with garnet-structured ceramic (Li7La3Zr2O12, LLZO) particles was infused into a thin cellulose membrane, which was used as a mechanical framework, and subsequently solidified by using UV-irradiation. The CI-PCCE exhibited good flexibility and a high room-temperature ionic conductivity of over 10−3 S cm−1. The Li symmetric cell assembled with CI-PCCE provided enhanced durability against Li dendrite penetration through the solid electrolyte (SE) layer than those with LLZO-free PCCEs and exhibited long-term cycling stability (over 200 h) for Li plating/stripping. The enhanced Li+ transference number and lower interfacial resistance of CI-PCCE indicate that the ceramic-polymer composite layer in contact with the Li anode enabled the uniform distribution of Li+ flux at the interface between the Li metal and CI-PCCE, thereby promoting uniform Li plating/stripping. Consequently, the Li//LiFePO4 (LFP) full cell constructed with CI-PCCE demonstrated superior rate capability (~120 mAh g−1 at 2 C) and stable cycle performance (80% after 100 cycles) than those with ceramic-free PCCE.
¿El conocimiento transforma a los ciudadanos? Análisis del impacto de las noticias publicadas en el blog Cariri Transparente
Authors: Moreira Cruz Mateus , Alves da Silva Maria Valéria , Rodrigues Chagas Milton Jarbas
Published: January 2023

La participación del individuo en la sociedad, asegurando que no haya violación de sus derechos, está relacionada con el ejercicio de la ciudadanía, por lo que la Constitución de la República Federalista de Brasil, promulgada en 1988, garantiza el acceso a los datos públicos generados y mantenidos por el gobierno y sus instancias a través del Portal da Transparência. En este contexto, vinculado al programa de extensión de la UFCA (Universidad Federal de Cariri), Blog Cariri Transparente busca promover el control social de la población de Cariri en Ceará.

En este sentido, como problema de investigación, el objetivo es responder: ¿cómo las noticias, publicadas en el Blog Cariri Transparente, ayudan a la ciudadanía a conocer las acciones del gobierno? Como objetivo general, este informe pretende demostrar el impacto de las noticias producidas por el Blog Cariri Transparente, desde su creación en 2018, describiendo cómo los ciudadanos de las ciudades de Crato, Juazeiro do Norte y Barbalha pueden utilizar la información para ejercer la ciudadanía y el control social.

A través del Blog, la información disponible en los portales de transparencia de las ciudades se transforma en noticias de fácil comprensión para la población. Se trata de información presupuestaria sobre los gastos en obras y servicios públicos, en gastos de personal, las fuentes de ingresos, licitaciones y contratos públicos. Una vez preparada la noticia, se revisa antes de su publicación.

Así, con más de 130 publicaciones, el Blog ha tenido más de 8.000 visitas y 3.100 visitantes desde su creación en 2018. Interés en información como las cantidades abonadas por el Legislativo, o con relación al incremento de los gastos diarios en los municipios, demuestra el interés de la población en el destino y aplicación de los recursos públicos, pudiendo formar parte del control social.
Computational Ghost Imaging with the Human Brain
Authors: Wang Gao , Faccio Daniele
Published: January 2023

Brain–computer interfaces are enabling a range of new possibilities and routes for augmenting human capability. Here, we propose brain–computer interfaces as a route towards forms of computation, i.e., computational imaging, that blend the brain with external silicon processing. We demonstrate ghost imaging of a hidden scene using the human visual system that is combined with an adaptive computational imaging scheme. This is achieved through a projection pattern “carving” technique that relies on real-time feedback from the brain to modify patterns at the light projector, thus enabling more efficient and higher-resolution imaging. This brain–computer connectivity demonstrates a form of augmented human computation that could, in the future, extend the sensing range of human vision and provide new approaches to the study of the neurophysics of human perception. As an example, we illustrate a simple experiment whereby image reconstruction quality is affected by simultaneous conscious processing and readout of the perceived light intensities.
Quantifying Uncertainties in CERES/MODIS Downwelling Radiation Fluxes in the Global Tropical Oceans
Authors: Thandlam Venugopal , Rutgersson Anna , Rahaman Hasibur , Yabaku Mounika , Kaagita Venkatramana , Sakirevupalli Venkatramana Reddy
Published: January 2023

The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System program, which uses the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (CM), has been updated with the launch of new satellites and the availability of newly upgraded radiation data. The spatial and temporal variability of daily averaged synoptic 1-degree CM version 3 (CMv3) (old) and version 4 (CMv4) (new) downwelling shortwave (Q
S
) and longwave radiation (Q
L
) data in the global tropical oceans spanning 30°S–30°N from 2000 to 2017 is investigated. Daily in situ data from the Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array were used to validate the CM data from 2000 to 2015. When compared to CMv3, both Q
S
and Q
L
in CMv4 show significant improvements in bias, root-mean-square error, and standard deviations. Furthermore, a long-term trend analysis shows that Q
S
has been increasing by 1 W m
−2
per year in the Southern Hemisphere. In contrast, the Northern Hemisphere has a −0.7 W m
−2
annual decreasing trend. Q
S
and Q
L
exhibit similar spatial trend patterns. However, in the Indian Ocean, Indo-Pacific warm pool region, and Southern Hemisphere, Q
L
spatial patterns in CMv3 and CMv4 differ with an opposite trend (0.5 W m
−2
). These annual trends in Q
S
and Q
L
could cause the sea surface temperature to change by −0.2 to 0.3 °C per year in the tropical oceans. These results stress the importance of accurate radiative flux data, and CMv4 can be an alternative to reanalysis or other model-simulated data.
Estimating Aboveground Carbon Dynamic of China Using Optical and Microwave Remote-Sensing Datasets from 2013 to 2019
Authors: Chang Zhongbing , Fan Lei , Wigneron Jean-Pierre , Wang Ying-Ping , Ciais Philippe , Chave Jérôme , Fensholt Rasmus , Chen Jing M. , Yuan Wenping , Ju Weimin , Li Xin , Jiang Fei , Wu Mousong , Chen Xiuzhi , Qin Yuanwei , Frappart Frédéric , Li Xiaojun , Wang Mengjia , Liu Xiangzhuo , Tang Xuli , Hobeichi Sanaa , Yu Mengxiao , Ma Mingguo , Wen Jianguang , Xiao Qing , Shi Weiyu , Liu Dexin , Yan Junhua
Published: January 2023

Over the past 2 to 3 decades, Chinese forests are estimated to act as a large carbon sink, yet the magnitude and spatial patterns of this sink differ considerably among studies. Using 3 microwave (L- and X-band vegetation optical depth [VOD]) and 3 optical (normalized difference vegetation index, leaf area index, and tree cover) remote-sensing vegetation products, this study compared the estimated live woody aboveground biomass carbon (AGC) dynamics over China between 2013 and 2019. Our results showed that tree cover has the highest spatial consistency with 3 published AGC maps (mean correlation value
R
= 0.84), followed by L-VOD (
R
= 0.83), which outperform the other VODs. An AGC estimation model was proposed to combine all indices to estimate the annual AGC dynamics in China during 2013 to 2019. The performance of the AGC estimation model was good (root mean square error = 0.05 Pg C and
R
2
= 0.90 with a mean relative uncertainty of 9.8% at pixel scale [0.25°]). Results of the AGC estimation model showed that carbon uptake by the forests in China was about +0.17 Pg C year
−1
from 2013 to 2019. At the regional level, provinces in southwest China including Guizhou (+22.35 Tg C year
−1
), Sichuan (+14.49 Tg C year
−1
), and Hunan (+11.42 Tg C year
−1
) provinces had the highest carbon sink rates during 2013 to 2019. Most of the carbon-sink regions have been afforested recently, implying that afforestation and ecological engineering projects have been effective means for carbon sequestration in these regions.
Research and Development of the Tianzhou Cargo Spacecraft
Authors: Lei Jianyu , Jia Dongyong , Bai Mingsheng , Feng Yong , Li Xingqian
Published: January 2023

After more than 7 years of development, the Tianzhou cargo spacecraft (TZ), a space station cargo transfer spacecraft, was successfully launched on 2017 April 20. The TZ is robotic spacecraft that is designed to support China space station operation by transporting pressurized cargo, unpressurized cargo, large cargo, propellant, and other supplies. The vehicle is equipped with the crew specifications necessary for astronauts to unload pressurized cargo. TZ can be utilized for a variety of commercial, engineering, scientific, or other proposed activities once its primary mission is complete. TZ is China's first dedicated space cargo transport spacecraft, but the safety designs for crew activities are also particular to TZ. Newly developed technologies were applied to enable high-efficiency cargo shipment. Its development was carried out under the policy of adopting flight-proven technologies to enhance the reliability and safety of a mission. The success of the flight test of the TZ-1 cargo spacecraft marked the perfect end of the mission of the China Space Laboratory and laid the foundation for the smooth implementation of the manned space station project. As a novel manned spacecraft, TZ-1 has broken through key technologies such as cargo transportation, propellant replenishment, and fully autonomous rapid rendezvous and docking. TZ has the characteristics of high transport efficiency, multitasks, and strong self-control ability. The paper describes the phylogeny, main technical schemes, and technological achievements of China TZ.
Highlight Advances in Planetary Physics in the Solar System: In Situ Detection Over the Past 20 Years
Authors: Sun Yixin , Zhao Jiutong , Hou Chuanpeng , Jiao Weixin
Published: January 2023

Planetary science is the science of studying planets, moons, and planetary systems. The scale of the research objects ranges from small meteoroids to large gas giant planets, and the research purpose is to determine their composition, dynamics, formation, evolution, mutual relationship, and history.

With the development of human space technology, planetary exploration has become one of the most important space exploration activities of mankind. According to statistics from the Spacecraft Encyclopedia website, as of December 2021, a total of 252 planetary probes have been launched around the world. The missions reveal the deep space to humankind. In this paper, we review some advances in planetary science made by these missions in the past years. The topics involve interior structures, geological features, atmospheres, magnetospheres, and so on, not every aspect but as much as possible. Although there are still many extraordinary scientific results that have not been included, we believe that this review can already help people learn about the scientific results of planetary exploration and hopefully inspire the next generation of planetary missions.