bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cyprian u Tymoteusza. Odwołania do decyzji synodalnych Cypriana z Kartaginy w polemice w Kościele Orientalnym w VIII wieku
Authors: Żelazny Jan Witold
Published: December 2019

Analizowane teksty zaczerpnięte z Listów Tymoteusza I, patriarchy Bagdadu dotyczące jego sporu z Salomonem, biskupem Hedaty, sporu o uznanie ważności chrztu udzielonego we wspólnotach nie pozostających w łączności z Asyryjskim Kościołem Wschodu (Sewerianie i melkici, to jest w starszej terminologii, monofizyci i ortodoksi), nie dają podstaw do mówienia o bliskich kontaktach chrześcijan orientalnych z chrześcijanami w Afryce. Znajomość kontrowersji, z którymi borykali się Afrykańczycy jak i pism powstałych w tym kontekście w Afryce prokonsularnej na Bliskim i Środkowym Wschodzie też nie daje podstaw do formułowania kategorycznych sądów. Jest faktem odwołanie do konkretnych orzeczeń pochodzących z Kartaginy. Prezentowane cytaty mogą jednak pochodzić, równie dobrze, z kolekcji  prawnych, w których zbierano orzeczenia synodów bez wnikania w kontekst ich powstania. Ten rodzaj zbiorów był rozpowszechniony w tym czasie i wiemy, że obaj adwersarze mieli do nich dostęp. Tym niemniej jedno jest pewne. Dla obu dyskutantów, Tymoteusza i Salomona, mieszkających na terenie Mezopotamii w VIII wieku, dziedzictwo synodów afrykańskich z III wieku jest ich dziedzictwem, a rozstrzygnięcia tam podjęte obowiązują także ich. Świadomość wspólnej tradycji i łączności jest aksjomatem w toczonym sporze jak i używanej argumentacji.
Aelredi Rievallensis Opera Omnia: opera historica et hagiographica, Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2017
Authors: Groń Ryszard Stefan
Published: December 2019

[Aelredi Rievallensis], Opera Omnia VI: Opera historica et hagiographica, ed. Domenico Pezzini. Corpus Christianorum Continuatio Mediaevalis 3. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2017. 1*-278* + 1-194. ISBN 978-2-503-55278-1. 260 Euro (h/c).

[Aelredi Rievallensis], Opera Omnia VII: Vita sancti Aedwardi Regis et Confessoris; Vita Sancti Aedwardi versifice, ed. Francesco Marzella. Corpus Christianorum Continuatio Mediaevalis 3 A. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2017. 399 p. ISBN 978-2-503-55182-1. 225 Euro (h/c).
Nature of the inheritance of number of fertile nodes in determinant forms of vegetable pea
Authors: Kotlyar I. P. , Ushakov V. A. , Pronina E. P. , Kaygorodova I. M.
Published: December 2019

For the first time the character of the inheritance of the determinant form with four productive nodes (variety Pervenets with a dwarf stem). The analysis of first-generation hybrids obtained from crosses of indeterminate forms with determinant samples (DTR-2 and DTR-4) showed that all the plants had a phenotype with the usual type of stem growth and the formation of buds in the axiles of stipules. When the DTR was crossed all the plants corresponded to the phenotype of DTR-2. In the second generation in the combination (indeterminant x DTR-2) a splitting was foynd in a ratio of 3:1; in F2 (the indeterminant x DTR-4) in the phenotype the plants were divided into four phenotypic classes, that indicates the presence of two genes; in (DTR-2 x DTR-4) the discrepancy was due to the early emission of buds and corresponded to 3:1. The inheritance of the feature number of productive nodes (CNC) in the Pervenets variety is due to two genes, one of which is not related to determination. This is confirmed by the analyzing crossing and calculation of the deviation of the correspondence of the actual splitting according to theoretically expected, using the 2 (hi-square) method. According to the obtained data, crossing was done [DTR-2 x VZR-28-11 (early budding)] resulting in a new variety with a limited type of stem growth, number of fertile nodes 4, suitable for mechanized harvesting.
Documentation at the Ethnographic Museum in Zagreb
Authors: Vlatković Aleksandra
Published: December 2019

The paper provides a concise overview of documentation management activity per-
formed at the Ethnographic Museum in Zagreb during the period ranging from 1919 to
this day. It strives to highlight the importance, as well as the changes and the expan-
sion of the role of documentation management in museums over time. The continuity
of documentation management at the Ethnographic Museum has been pointed out
over the first 100 years of its activity and the work of the people who have played a
crucial role in the formation and the documentation management at the Museum has
been concisely presented. The conclusion presents the current challenges and efforts
to harmonise the documentation management tradition with the changes in laws,
technological development and international standards
Storage facilities, workspace and conservation and preparation services from the foundation of the Ethnographic Museum to this day
Authors: Grčević Mihaela
Published: December 2019

The text provides an overview of the changes made inside the Museum in terms of
the positioning of the permanent exhibition and the extension of storage facilities
and workspace from the foundation of the Museum in 1919 to this day. The building
in which the Ethnographic Museum is located is one of a few buildings in the city of
Zagreb that has been built for a specific museological purpose. Nevertheless, from
its inception, its structure and the interior design concept were inadequate for the
performance of all the museum activities and hence repurposing and room extensions
have been performed several times
学習者の実情に沿った授業スケジュール作成
Authors: Iida Tomoko
Published: December 2019

プーラ大学日本語・日本文化学科（以下、本学科）の目的の一つに、学習者
の日本語運用能力の向上が挙げられる。そのための指標として、学習者の単
位取得率を増加させることが授業における目標の一つとなっている。本学科
では、限られた時間とスタッフの中で、3年間の総括的目標であるCEFR/B2
をできるだけ多くの学生がクリアするために効率のよい授業運営をすること
が求められる。本論は、全体的な進度の調整を目的として、具体的な授業ス
ケジュールを作成・実施した結果について、特に理解度の不足により変更を
余儀なくされた時の対応と結果について考察したものである。
SISTEM INFORMASI EPOSYANDU SEBAGAI BASIS PEMANTAUAN TUMBUH KEMBANG BALITA DAN IBU HAMIL
Authors: Sismadi Sismadi
Published: December 2019

Posyandu merupakan kegiatan kesehatan yang diselenggarakan dari, oleh dan untuk masyarakat yang dibantu petugas kesehatan. Melalui kegiatan yang dilaksanakan diposyandu, pertumbuhan anak dapat terpantau sehingga kekurangan gizi dapat dihindari. Posyandu harum cempaka dalam kegiatannya masih menggunakan cara konvensional(pencatatan manual) sehingga dalam pembuatan laporan kedinas terkait membutuhkan waktu lama, selain itu untuk penyampaian informasi dan pencatatan kegiatan butuh pendataan lebih rapi dan efisien, seiring pertambahan jumlah penduduk. Posyandu harum cempaka membutuhkan system yang dapat menangani permasalahan tersebut. System ePosyandu dibangun untuk menangani permasalahan yang ada, system ini merekam  seluruh aktifitas posyandu harum cempaka dari aktifitas penimbangan, imunisasi, pemeriksaan, jadwal kegiatan dan laporan. ePosyandu dibangun dengan model prototype. Hasil dari system ePosyandu membantu para ibu untuk lebih mudah memantau  tumbuh kembang anak balita, bagi ibu hamil lebih mudah memantau perkembangan kehamilan dan konsultasi, sedangkan bagi kader memudahkan pelaporan kedinas terkait. Selain itu sebagai sarana edukasi dan penyampaian informasi kegiatan posyandu yang telah dilakukan ataupun rencana yang akan direalisasikan.
Comparative Study of Children with Tooth Rows Anomalies withPre-Orthodontic Therapy and without Orthodontic Correction
Authors: Zakirova G. . , Bayramova L. . , Tekutyeva N. .
Published: December 2019

The article presents the results of the examination of 54 children aged from 7 to 16 with the anomalies of tooth rows (the D. Kalvelis classification [3, 9]): 44 patients had tooth luxation and 10 patients did not have this anomaly (but earlier they had got orthodontic correction for abnormal location of particular teeth and still had other dental problems). The comparative analysis of ethiopathogenic, clinic-functional, orthodontic, psychological defections was made. As a result, the correlations between the indexes of dental crowding and the degree of the personal/situational anxiety were found.
Osteopathic Evaluation and Treatment of Hip Dysplasia and Congenital Dislocation of the Hip in Infants Under 6 Months of Age in Orthopedic Clinic
Authors: Mokhov D. . , Shiryaeva E. . , Stamboltsyan O. . , Stamboltsyan V. .
Published: December 2019

This article contains the results of medical examination and treatment of 54 infants with hip dysplasia and congenital dislocation of the hip. The aim of the study was to increase the efficiency of treatment with using osteopathic therapy. In the experimental group the orthopedic complex treatment included the osteopathic treatment. The patients of the control group didn’t receive osteopathic treatment. The study showed that the osteopathic treatment is effective and can be used as a part of the integrated treatment.
Inﬂuence of the Synchronous Functioning of Pelvic and Thoracic Diaphragms on the Indices of the Duplex Scanning of the Lower Extremity Veins
Authors: Podgorny S.
Published: December 2019

The results of the research allow us recommend the inclusion of osteopathic correction of somatic dysfunctions in complex therapy of patients with chronic venous insufﬁciency of the lower extremities.
Osteopathic Correction of Compression-ischemic Neuropathy of the Median Nerve in the Carpal Tunnel
Authors: Koshenkova E. . , Belash V. .
Published: December 2019

It is advisable to use osteopathic treatment in the complex therapy of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome 1-3 degrees.
Clinical and Functional Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Osteopathic Treatment of Consolidated Colles’ Fractures During the Rehabilitation Period
Authors: Berezutskaya I. . , Miroshnichenko D. .
Published: December 2019

Colles’ fracture (fracture of the radius in typical place) makes 15-25 % of all the fractures and is more frequent in elderly patients. Use of osteopathic techniques in rehabilitation of this kind of patients permits to achieve better rehabilitation of the extremity function in a short time.
Osteosynthesis of Hip Fractures in Patients With Osteoporosis
Authors: Zagorodny N. . , Volna A. . , Panﬁlov I. .
Published: December 2019

He research provides an overview of studies on osteosynthesis of proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) with augmentation in patients with fractures of the femur on the background of osteoporosis. Descriptive and analytical methods were used in the work. The search for publications was made in the databases: Google Scholar, e-Library and Medline, as well as in Cochrane Consort library with the use of MeSh terminology. At the present time in order to obtain full evidence base on the beneﬁts of using PFNA with augmentation in osteosynthesis of hip fractures on the background of osteoporosis it is necessary to conduct randomized controlled trials, despite the obvious advantages of this technology.
Osteopathic Correction of Somatic Dysfunctions in Children Under One Year of Age Presenting Hypertensive Syndrome
Authors: Smirnov V. . , Samatov A. . , Kuzmina Y. .
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Intracranial hypertension is diagnosed in 80 % of mature and almost in 100 % of premature children. The child’s brain especially in the ﬁrst year of life is very sensible to the hypoxia of different genesis. That is why early diagnostics and treatment of this type of pathology in newborns is very important. The justiﬁcation of the use of osteopathic treatment of this pathology is of current interest.Research objectives. To ﬁnd the possibilities of osteopathic correction of somatic dysfunctions in combined therapy of intracranial hypertension in children under one year of age.Research methods. The results of the treatment of the intracranial hypertension were compared in two groups of children. Children from group № 1 (15 children) received medicamentous therapy and osteopathic treatment, which included restoration of the kinetics of the elements of the craniosacral system. Children from group № 2 received only medicamentous therapy. The treatment outcomes were evaluated according to the changes of the neurologic status, which considered presence of general cerebral and focal symptoms, growth of head circumference in comparison with the age norm, intensiﬁcation of vascular pattern on the skin of the head, separation of cranial sutures.Results. It was found that the number of somatic dysfunctions and complexes of symptoms was reduced in a statistically signiﬁcant manner in the group of patients who received osteopathic treatment in comparison with the patients from the control group.Conclusion. The research showed that osteopathic correction is effective and can be widely used in combined therapy of intracranial hypertension.
What Place Should Osteopathy Take in the System of Medical Services in France?
Authors: Clouzeau C. .
Published: December 2019

In order for osteopathy to be included in the system of medical services in France, it is necessary to assess the effectiveness and its role in public healthcare and preventive care. The article suggests studying the research methods adapted to the applied research of osteopathy, with the integration of human and subjective measurement of this new branch of medicine. It is necessary to do research on separating the technical part of the osteopathic session from the relational part using the tools of analysis of evidence-based medicine in order to offer a rational perception-focused practice. Moreover, the therapeutic status of osteopathy should be discussed.It is important to create epistemology of osteopathy, to deﬁ ne dysfunction, to clarify techniques, their purposes and effectiveness, to evaluate a treatment session from the point of view of psychology, anthropology, sociology, and philosophy, in addition to clinical research.
Post-stroke periarthropathy of shoulder joint: epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical performance, diagnostics, possible treatment options
Authors: Kozlova N. S.
Published: December 2019

The aim of this review is to systematize the currently accumulated knowledge on post-stroke periarthropathy, obtained as a result of various research studies of many years. The review shows the evidence that in modern world poststroke periarthropathy manifestation is increased in quantity, as well as discusses its consequences. Anatomical and biomechanical features of the shoulder joint are considered, together with pain syndrome mechanism and risk factors. Analysis of relation between age and complications development probability is performed. The focus is on currently developed set of treatment options. They include medication, physiotherapy, reflexology, manual treatment, as well as osteopathic treatment methods. At the moment, osteopathic treatment is an innovative and, thus, the least understood way of working with this problem. But the results achieved by now suggest that osteopathy can help many patients with stroke consequences. The conclusion is that post-stroke periarthropathy of the shoulder joint always requires a comprehensive treatment approach and an individual program is developed in each case.
Cervical somatic dysfunction in young infants: clinical manifestations and osteopathic correction results
Authors: Stroganova E. V. , Shadrin O. N. , Kuzmina Yu. O.
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Currently, not enough attention is paid to diagnosis and treatment of cervical spine soft tissue injuries in newborns. Clinical evidence of soft tissue birth injuries in cervical spine is scarce and masked by symptoms of ischemic damage to the central nervous system. This leads to the fact that they are downplayed and timely treatment is not carried out. The effectiveness of osteopathy treatment in somatic dysfunctions diagnosis and correction for this natal pathology is underrepresented.

Goal of research— to investigate the osteopathic correction effect of cervical somatic dysfunctions onabnormalities in the neurological status of young infants. Materials and methods. The study involved infants from 1 to 6 months, divided into main and control group, each of 20 patients. The control group infants received routine neurological treatment, in the main group osteopathictreatment was added. Neurological syndromes plotted against time and cervical somatic dysfunctions intensity were assessed in all infants.

Results.When analyzing the treatment results, statistically signifi cant decrease in total number of neurologicalsyndromes is stated, as well as cervical somatic dysfunctions intensity decrease. By the end of follow-up period in main group infants statistically signifi cant improvement in following symptoms was found: head malposition,body posture, delayed motor development and nervous-refl ectory irritability syndrome.

Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, the osteopathic treatment effi cacy has been proven, which allows us to recommend it in management regimen for infants with neurological disorders.
Diagnosis and correction of somatic dysfunction in young infants with congenital defects of hip joints
Authors: Gavrik Yu. N. , Markelova Yu. Yu. , Kuzmina Yu. O.
Published: December 2019

Introduction.Hip dysplasia in infants is one of the most common congenital defects of connective tissue. It is assumed that correction of somatic dysfunctions, which are formed in this orthopaedic pathology, will affect the timing of treatment and rehabilitation.

Goal of research— to explore the opportunities of osteopathic correction for somatic dysfunctions in comprehensive conservative treatment of hip joint congenital orthopaedic pathology in young infants.

Materials and methods. There were 40 infants under 6 month with diagnosis of hip joint dysplasia under observation, divided into two groups of 20 infants each. Functional orthopaedic treatment (massage, physiotherapy, exercise therapy, orthopaedic splint) and osteopathic correction were performed for infants of the main group. Infants of the control group received the orthopaedic treatment only. Osteopathic status was rated in addition to provided treatment in both groups. Treatment results were evaluated by using hip joints radiography, namely, by the acetabular index.

Results.It was found that global somatic dysfunctions are not typical in infants with hip joint congenital defects. The most frequently identifi ed somatic dysfunctions were regional, in a region of head, neck, pelvis, as well as thoracic region. Somatic dysfunctions of head and pelvis region are the most signifi cant. It proves the functional connection between these dysfunctions and hip joint congenital defexts. X-ray examination data analysis let us suggest a direct effect of somatic dysfunctions correction on the acetabular index in infants with congenital orthopaedic pathology, and thus on rehabilitation periods reduction.

Conclusion. The study showed that osteopathic correction of somatic dysfunctions is effective in combination with orthopaedic treatment of hip dysplasia performed from the fi rst months of infant′s life. It should be recommended as a part of comprehensive therapy of this orthopaedic pathology.
Clinical efficacy feasibility of osteopathic correction for patients with primary algomenorrhea
Authors: Urvant M. N. , Lebedev D. S.
Published: December 2019

Introduction.From 30 to 92 % of reproductive age women suffer from menstrual pain (algomenorrhea). The effectiveness of drug treatment of this suffering does not exceed 50–70 %. Moreover, it is temporary and accompanied by a high incidence of side effects. Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system is the basis of the algomenorrhea pathogenesis; it is resulting from chronic exposure to psychogenic factor and adaptive mechanisms decrease in thalamus and hypothalamus which is leading to the nociceptive system excitation. Currently, there are scientifi c studies showing the effectiveness of osteopathic correction of autonomic dysfunction that can eliminate menstrual pain.

Goal of research— to justify the osteopathic treatment effectiveness for patients with primary algomenorrhea.

Materials and methods.The study included 30 women aged from 15 to 29 years who applied to the gynecological offi ce, diagnosed with primary algomenorrhea and a disease period of 3 to 16 years. They were randomly divided into 2 groups: experimental and control, of 15 people each. The patients of experimental group received osteopathic treatment, the patients of control group received drug therapy only. Osteopathic status was determined in all patients before and after treatment. Pain intensity was assessed by using a visual analogue scale (VAS), the direction of autonomic dysfunction — by using the Kerdo index and the severity of autonomic dysfunction — according to the Wayne questionnaire.

Results.Dura mater RBN S (93 % of patients) and RBN in the visceral chest region (70 %) were specifi c regional somatic dysfunctions. The remaining regional somatic dysfunctions were common less than in 50 % of patients. Specifi c local somatic dysfunctions (LD) in patients with algomenorrhea were uterus LD (73 %) and mediastinum LD (70 %). Due to osteopathic treatment, the number of regional and local somatic dysfunctions was decreased in the experimental group. Autonomic dysfunction severity and pain syndrome intensity were decreased as well.

Conclusion.The results of the study allow us to recommend osteopathic treatment for patients with primary algomenorrhea.
Utjecaj uzgoja kukuruza (Zea mays L.), soje (Glycine max. L.) i uljane repice (Brassica napus L.) na električnu provodljivost i reakciju tla
Authors: Špoljar Andrija , Kvaternjak Ivka , Žibrin Drago , Mirjana Mužić
Published: December 2019

Tijekom 2018. godine na pokušalištu Visokog gospodarskog učilišta
u Križevcima istraživan je utjecaj uzgoja kukuruza (Zea mays L.), soje (Glycine
max. L.) i uljane repice (Brassica napus L.) na reakciju (pH u vodi i 1 MKCl-u) i električnu
provodljivost (EC) tla. Istraživanja su provedena na hipogleju mineralnom
nekarbonatnom ilovaste teksture. U tri su navrata tijekom vegetacije iz golog
tla (crni ugar) i neposredno uz korijenov sustav biljaka uzeti prosječni uzorci
od 0 do 30 cm i od 30 do 60 cm dubine. Iz njih je u laboratoriju određena pH
vrijednost u vodi i 1 MKCl-u te električna provodljivost tla. Utvrđeno je da istraživane
kulture zakiseljavaju tlo, a pri tome najveći učinak ima uljana repica. Kod nje
su na obje dubine tla zabilježene uglavnom najmanje vrijednosti pH mjerenog u
vodi i 1 MKCl-u te najmanje vrijednosti električne provodljivosti tla. Kod
zadnjeg uzorkovanja u odnosu na početno stanje na svim su varijantama do 30 cm
dubine tla utvrđene veće vrijednosti reakcije tla i uglavnom manje vrijednosti
električne provodljivosti, što može biti rezultat pretežno vlažnog razdoblja u
odnosu na suho tijekom vegetacije.
Impacto da intervenção do enfermeiro de reabilitação à pessoa com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crónica – revisão sistemática
Authors: Varão Sara , Saraiva Cristina
Published: December 2019

Introdução: A Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crónica é prevenível e tratável, com manifestações respiratórias persistentes, nas quais as intervenções do ER podem contribuir para melhorar a capacidade funcional e emocional, o conhecimento, promover o autocuidado, a adesão ao regime terapêutico e a comportamentos saudáveis.
Objetivo: Sintetizar evidência científica sobre impacto da intervenção do ER na Pessoa com DPOC.
Métodos: Estabeleceu-se como pergunta de investigação “Qual o impacto da intervenção do Enfermeiro de Reabilitação na Pessoa com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crónica?”, adotando-se a metodologia do The Joanna Briggs Institute para revisão sistemática. Definiram-se critérios de inclusão e a pesquisa booleana, na EBSCOhost.
Resultados: Incluíram-se 6 artigos, que retratam a componente educacional e suporte do ER. O ER tem impacto positivo na vida da pessoa com DPOC, verificando-se melhores resultados no controlo sintomático/dispneia, na redução das admissões e tempo de internamento, no aumento da perceção da doença e da qualidade de vida. Tem impacto na melhoria das atividades de vida diária e na redução dos custos.
Conclusões: Os estudos evidenciaram variedade nas formas de atuação do ER, mas impacto positivo associado. Salienta-se pouca investigação sobre resultados das intervenções.
Descritores: Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crónica. Enfermagem de Reabilitação. Reabilitação Respiratória
Ethno botanical survey of wild medicinal plants of Khairabad Valley district Dir (Lower), Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Khan ARSHAD
Published: December 2019

The present survey for the ethno-botanical study was conduct on Khairabad Valley, Dir lower PK Pakistan, which as contain a lot of wild medicinal. Collect information including local names, local medicinal uses, Status of plants. A total of 50plants were collected, out of which 4 were gymnosperm and 46belong to angiosperm. Belong to 32family, out of this the familyLiliaceae was leading contain 8specie, followed by family Solanaceae with 3 specie, and family Apiaceaetwo specie, Rosaceae and Rutaceae consist threespecie and the remainingall consist of single species on the basis of the their statusthe plant were divided in to herb 50%, shrub 18%, tree 30% and climber 2%. 6plant uses were as tonic, four were as anticancer, three purgative and two plants were used as antiseptic, 6 are laxative, 4for wound, 3 used for digestive disorder, 5 sedative, 9use as a pain killer, 2 for blood stopping, 4 used as anthelimintis, 4 carminative, 2 used for vomiting, 5 for lever disorder, 5 headache, 7 for cough, 4 as a purgative, 3 ar0matic, 2 hemorrhoids, 4 astringent, 4 used as anti inflammatory.
La Segunda República. De la leyenda negra a la rosa
Authors: Cuenca Toribio José Manuel
Published: December 2019

Estudio sobre: La Segunda República. De la leyenda negra a la rosa
La invisibilidad del otro. Eutanasia a debate
Authors: Ollero Andrés
Published: December 2019

SUMARIO: Entre Clericalismo y Laicismo. - Dar al Derecho lo que es del derecho y a la moral lo que es de la moral. - Sanidad y disponibilidad de la vida: entre dignidad y autonomía.
Jimena Quesada, Luis: «Dirección política del gobierno y técnica legislativa» (Recensión)
Authors: Neira Barral Daniel
Published: December 2019

Recensión de la obra: Jimena Quesada, Luis, Dirección política del gobierno y técnica legislativa, Editorial Tecnos, Madrid, 2003, 380 págs.
Las elecciones en las Comunidades Autónomas
Authors: Escuín Palop Catalina
Published: December 2019

SUMARIO: I. Introducción. - II. Las Fuentes del Derecho Electoral de las Comunidades Autónomas. 1. Constitución. 2. Ley Orgánica del Régimen Electoral General. 3. Estatutos de Autonomía y leyes ordinarias. - III. Los principios del bloque de constitucionalidad que inspiran el derecho de sufragio de las comunidades Autónomas. 1. Universal. 2. Libre. 3. Igual. 4. Secreto. - IV. Los elementos generales del sistema electoral de las comunidades autónomas. 1. El cuerpo electoral. 2. Circunscripción electoral. 3. La fórmula electoral. 4. La barrera legal. - V. El procedimiento electoral. 1. La periodicidad electoral y la disolución anticipada. 2. La Administración electoral.
González Trevijano, Pedro: «La Mirada del Poder» (Recensión)
Authors: Arnaldo Alcubilla Enrique
Published: December 2019

Recensión de la obra: González Trevijano, Pedro: La Mirada del Poder, Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales, Madrid, 2004, 454 pp.
La elección de Vicepresidentes y Secretarios en la Mesa del Congreso: ¿existe un modo adecuado de votar?
Authors: De la Cruz Vicente Omar , Dueñas Diego , Pérez Navarro Joaquín
Published: December 2019

SUMARIO: 1. Introducción. 2. Análisis del método de elección de los Vicepresidentes y Secretarios. 3. Conclusiones principales. 4. Anexo: la Mesa de las comisiones del Congreso de los Diputados
La práctica política en la Restauración: la actuación de los diputados del distrito de Manresa (1875-1923)
Authors: Rubí i Casals Gemma
Published: December 2019

Reflexión sobre la práctica política en la Restauración y la actuación de los diputados del distrito de Manresa (1875-1923)
Impact of Smoking Cigarette on the mRNA Expression of Cytokines
in Mucosa of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: VRABLICOVA Z. , SOLTYS K. , KRAJCOVICOVA A. , STUCHLIKOVA K. , STURDIK I. , KOLLER T. , HUORKA M. , PAYER J. , KILLINGER Z. , JACKULIAK P. , TKACIK M. , STUCHLIK S. , SEKAC J. , HLAVATY T.
Published: December 2019

It is well known that smoking is the risk factor in the development and clinical course of Crohn´'s disease (CD), but on the other hand, smoking is a protective factor against ulcerative colitis (UC). The pathways that are influenced by smoking in CD and UC are poorly understood. The aim of our study was to analyse the influence of smoking on the mRNA expression of cytokines in mucosa in patients with CD and UC. We performed a cross-sectional study. The cohort consisted of 86 IBD patients (48 CD patients and 38 UC patients) and took place at the IBD Centre at the University Hospital Bratislava-Ružinov. We took the demographic and clinical data of each patient, including information about their smoking habits. We performed a colonoscopy on each patient and took biopsies from both inflamed and non-inflamed sigma (CD, UC) and terminal ileum (CD). mRNA was extracted from mucosal biopsy samples for each cytokine and was normalized to a housekeeping gene (GAPDH). Finally, we compared the mRNA expression of target cytokines in the mucosa of smokers and non-smokers in IBD patients. Smokers with Crohn's disease have a significantly higher mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF α (p=0.003) in inflamed mucosa in sigma compared with non-smokers. In smokers with ulcerative colitis, we observed significantly higher mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL 10 (p=0.022) in non-inflamed mucosa of sigma. Similarly, smokers with UC have a significantly decreased mRNA expression of cytokine TLR 2 (p=0.024) and CCR1(p=0.049) in non-inflamed mucosa of sigma. Based on our results, smoking has a positive influence on cessation and the clinical course of UC due to the stimulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL 10 in mucosa. On the other hand, smokers with CD have a higher expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF α, which could be associated with a worsening of the disease and response to therapy.
Pathophysiology of Growth Hormone Secretion Disorders and Their Impact on Bone Microstructure as Measured by Trabecular Bone Score
Authors: KUŽMA M. , KILLINGER Z. , JACKULIAK P. , VAŇUGA P. , HANS D. , BINKLEY N. , PAYER J.
Published: December 2019

This article is focused on endocrine-mediated osteoporosis caused by growth hormone (GH) disorders; adult GH deficiency and acromegaly. GH and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) stimulate linear bone growth through complex hormonal interactions and activates epiphyseal prechondrocytes. GH, via receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (RANK), its ligand (RANK-L), and the osteoprotegerin system, stimulates production of osteoprotegerin and its accumulation in bone matrix. Malfunction of this mechanism, could lead to specific bone impairment. However, the primary problem of bone disease in GH secretion disorders is the primary prevention of osteoporotic fractures, so it is important to determine bone quality that better reflects the patient's actual predisposition to fracture. A method estimating bone quality from lumbar spine dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans is trabecular bone score (TBS). TBS in addition to bone mineral density (BMD) is a promising predictor of the osteoporotic fracture risk in women with postmenopausal osteopenia. In acromegaly TBS better defines risk of fracture because BMD is normal or even increased. TBS helps to monitor the effect of growth hormone therapy. Despite these findings, TBS shouldn´t be used alone, but a comprehensive consideration of all fracture risk factors, BMD and bone turnover markers is necessary.
Good Long-Term Glycemic Compensation Is Associated With Better Trabecular Bone Score in Postmenopausal Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: JACKULIAK P. , KUŽMA M. , KILLINGER Z. , PAYER J.
Published: December 2019

Osteoporosis is an increasingly widespread disease, as well as diabetes mellitus. It is now accepted that osteoporotic fractures are a serious co-morbidity and complication of diabetes. Despite of good bone mineral density in Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) patients is the fracture risk elevated. It is due to reduced bone quality. To determine the effect of glycemic compensation on bone density and trabecular bone score (TBS) in T2DM. We analyzed a cohort of 105 postmenopausal women with T2DM. For all patients, central bone density (spinal and lumbar spine) was tested by DXA methodology, glycemic control parameters were assessed, and anthropometric parameters were measured. Bone quality was analyzed using TBS software. The results were statistically processed. Good glycemic compensation with glycated hemoglobin (A1c) value <7.0 % DCCT did not lead to BMD changes in patients with T2DM. However, patients with HbA1c <7 % DCCT had significantly better TBS (1.254±0.148 vs. 1.166±0.094, p=0.01). There was a negative correlation between TBS and glycated hemoglobin (r= -0,112, p<0.05) with glycemic fasting (r= -0.117, p<0.05). The optimal effect on TBS is achieved when all three markers of glycemic compensation (glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose and postprandial glycemia) are in optimal range. By using ROC curves glycated hemoglobin has the most significant effect on TBS. Optimal glycemic compensation, evaluated by glycated hemoglobin, does not lead to changes in BMD but has a beneficial effect on TBS in T2DM. Good glycemic control is required also for reduction of the risk of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures.
Generational Changes in Agriculture: The Influence of Farm Characteristics and Socio-Economic Factors
Authors: Sroka Wojciech , Dudek Michał , Wojewodzic Tomasz , Król Karol
Published: December 2019

The increasing importance of large cities (metropolises) poses a range of challenges to the socio-economic functions of the rural and agricultural areas around them. One such challenge is pressure exerted on family-run farms to abandon agricultural activity and on people engaged in such activity to shift to other sectors. This may be a hindrance to successful succession on family farms. The aim of this paper is to present spatial variation in generational changes in farms located around large cities (metropolises) in Poland and to assess the factors affecting the scale of such changes. Special attention was paid to the importance of the location of farms relative to large cities. One innovative feature of the approach presented was to conduct an analysis of generational changes in the agricultural sector at the supra-local level along with an attempt to quantify the impact of large urban centers on that process. The empirical material based on which the conclusions were formulated included official statistics data and information made available by an institution engaged in the implementation of agricultural policy programs financed from European Union (EU) funds, i.e., young farmer payments (Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) pillar I) and measures “Setting up of young farmers” and “Early retirement” (CAP Pillar II). In the executed study, methods of descriptive and multivariate statistics, including regression trees, were used. It was found that socio-economic (exogenous) factors had a significant statistical impact on generational changes in farms. In areas with an attractive labor market and a high level of urbanization, a successful generational shift in farms occurred less often. Nonetheless, generational changes in the agriculture of the analyzed areas were relatively most strongly determined by endogenous factors linked with the economic potential of the farm. Farm characteristics (area of agricultural land and economic size) and the characteristics of managers, including in particular their education, were found to be more important than exogenous factors. In areas where large and economically strong farms dominated and the level of education among farmers was relatively high, generational changes were faster compared to other areas.
Potential and Actual Water Savings through Improved Irrigation Scheduling in Small-Scale Vegetable Production
Authors: Studer Christoph , Spoehel Simon
Published: December 2019

Appropriate irrigation scheduling for efficient water use is often a challenge for small-scale farmers using drip irrigation. In a trial with 12 farmers in Sébaco, Nicaragua, two tools to facilitate irrigation scheduling were tested: the Water Chart (a table indicating required irrigation doses) and tensiometers. The study aimed at evaluating if and to what extent simple tools can reduce irrigation water use and improve water productivity in drip-irrigated vegetable (beetroot; Beta vulgaris L.) production compared with the farmers’ usual practice. Irrigation water use was substantially reduced (around 20%) when farmers irrigated according to the tools. However, farmers did not fully adhere to the tool guidance, probably because they feared that their crop would not get sufficient water. Thus they still over-irrigated their crop: between 38% and 88% more water than recommended was used during the treatment period, resulting in 91% to 139% higher water use than required over the entire growing cycle. Water productivity of beetroot production was, therefore, much lower (around 3 kg/m3) than what can be achieved under comparable conditions, although yields were decent. Differences in crop yield and water productivity among treatments were not significant. The simplified Water Chart was not sufficiently understandable to farmers (and technicians), whereas tensiometers were better perceived, although they do not provide any indication on how much water to apply. We conclude that innovations such as drip irrigation or improved irrigation scheduling have to be appropriately introduced, e.g., by taking sufficient time to co-produce a common understanding about the technologies and their possible usefulness, and by ensuring adequate follow-up support.
Erratum: Clay, L.; Paterson, M.; Bennett, P.; Perry, G.; Phillips, C. Early Recognition of Behaviour Problems in Shelter Dogs by Monitoring Them in Their Kennels after Admission to a Shelter. Animals 2019, 9, 875
Authors: Clay Liam , Paterson Mandy , Bennett Pauleen , Perry Gaille , Phillips Clive
Published: December 2019

The authors wish to make the following corrections to their paper [...]
Effects of Activated Charcoal-Herb Extractum Complex on Antioxidant Status, Lipid Metabolites and Safety of Excess Supplementation in Weaned Piglets
Authors: Wang Liqi , Zhu Lin , Gong Limin , Zhang Xin , Wang Yubo , Liao Jianling , Ke Linfu , Dong Bing
Published: December 2019

This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of activated charcoal-herb extractum complex (CHC) on antioxidant status, serum lipid metabolites and its safety supplement in weaning piglets. In experiment 1, a total of 216 piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) weaned at 28 days of age with initial body weight of 8.55 ± 1.18 kg were assigned randomly to six treatment groups. each treatment group had six pens, with six pigs per pen. Pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 500, 1000, 1500 or 2000 mg kg−1 of CHC over two 14-d periods. Diets supplemented with 0 and 1000 mg kg−1 of montmorillonite (MMT) were set as the negative and positive controls, respectively. In experiment 2, pigs (n = 108) weaned at 28 days of age with initial body weight of 8.58 ± 0.04 kg were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. Each treatment group had six pens, with six pigs per pen. Pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0, 1000 or 10,000 mg kg−1 of CHC over two 14-d periods. In experiment 1, on day 14, supplementation with CHC significantly decreased very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentration while they decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration on d 28, CHC at 500, 1000 or 1500 mg kg−1 significantly increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration. Supplementation with 500 or 1000 mg kg−1 CHC reduced serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration during the entire experimental period and increased the concentration of serum total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) on d 14. CHC at 500 or 1000 mg kg−1 significantly reduced the liver MDA concentration and increased liver T-SOD concentration. In experiment 2, increased ADG was obvious during the first 14 days and the whole period in 1000 mg kg−1 supplemented pigs, similarly F: G was lowest in the first 14 days. There was no difference in growth performance, visceral index, haematological and serum biochemical parameters and visceral organs morphology between pigs fed 10,000 mg kg−1 of CHC and control. Together, 500 to 1000 mg kg−1 CHC was confirmed to improve antioxidant status, and serum lipid metabolites in this study and excess supplementation of CHC is safe in weaning piglets.
Ascorbic Acid—The Little-Known Antioxidant in Woody Plants
Authors: Bilska Karolina , Wojciechowska Natalia , Alipour Shirin , Kalemba Ewa Marzena
Published: December 2019

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are constantly produced by metabolically active plant cells. The concentration of ROS may determine their role, e.g., they may participate in signal transduction or cause oxidative damage to various cellular components. To ensure cellular homeostasis and minimize the negative effects of excess ROS, plant cells have evolved a complex antioxidant system, which includes ascorbic acid (AsA). AsA is a multifunctional metabolite with strong reducing properties that allows the neutralization of ROS and the reduction of molecules oxidized by ROS in cooperation with glutathione in the Foyer-Halliwell-Asada cycle. Antioxidant enzymes involved in AsA oxidation and reduction switches evolved uniquely in plants. Most experiments concerning the role of AsA have been performed on herbaceous plants. In addition to extending our understanding of this role in additional taxa, fundamental knowledge of the complex life cycle stages of woody plants, including their development and response to environmental factors, will enhance their breeding and amend their protection. Thus, the role of AsA in woody plants compared to that in nonwoody plants is the focus of this paper. The role of AsA in woody plants has been studied for nearly 20 years. Studies have demonstrated that AsA is important for the growth and development of woody plants. Substantial changes in AsA levels, as well as reduction and oxidation switches, have been reported in various physiological processes and transitions described mainly in leaves, fruits, buds, and seeds. Evidently, AsA exhibits a dual role in the photoprotection of the photosynthetic apparatus in woody plants, which are the most important scavengers of ozone. AsA is associated with proper seed production and, thus, woody plant reproduction. Similarly, an important function of AsA is described under drought, salinity, temperature, light stress, and biotic stress. This report emphasizes the involvement of AsA in the ecological advantages, such as nutrition recycling due to leaf senescence, of trees and shrubs compared to nonwoody plants.
Analysis of Load-Sharing Behavior of the Multistage Planetary Gear Train Used in Wind Generators: Effects of Random Wind Load
Authors: Wang Jungang , Yang Shinan , Liu Yande , Mo Ruina
Published: December 2019

Load-sharing behavior is very important for power-split gearing systems. Taking the multistage planetary gear train transmission of an Million Watt (MW) wind generator as the investigation object, and based on the gear transmission system of a wind generator in a complex and changing load environment, a random wind model of a wind farm is built by using the two-parameter Weibull distribution. According to the realistic working region of the wind generator, the random wind speed is changed into time-varying input speed of the wind generator gear box. Considering the internal excitation, such as mesh stiffness, mesh damping of gear pairs and the meshing error, a dynamic model for a multistage planetary gear transmission system is built by using the lumped parameter method. The load-sharing coefficients are obtained for each planet gear pair in the same meshing period of the transmission system that is under the interaction of time-varying input speed and internal excitation. It is shown that the degree of load-sharing coefficient fluctuation for each planet gear pair of the first- and second-stage planetary gear train is significantly affected by time-varying input speed. The research results can lay a theoretical foundation for optimization and reliability of planetary gear transmission systems of wind generators.
Deep Learning for Non-Invasive Determination of the Differentiation Status of Human Neuronal Cells by Using Phase-Contrast Photomicrographs
Authors: Ooka Maya , Tokuoka Yuta , Nishimoto Shori , Hiroi Noriko F. , Yamada Takahiro G. , Funahashi Akira
Published: December 2019

Regenerative medicine using neural stem cells (NSCs), which self-renew and have pluripotency, has recently attracted a lot of interest. Much research has focused on the transplantation of differentiated NSCs to damaged tissues for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases and spinal cord injuries. However, current approaches for distinguishing differentiated from non-differentiated NSCs at the single-cell level have low reproducibility or are invasive to the cells. Here, we developed a fully automated, non-invasive convolutional neural network-based model to determine the differentiation status of human NSCs at the single-cell level from phase-contrast photomicrographs; after training, our model showed an accuracy of identification greater than 94%. To understand how our model distinguished between differentiated and non-differentiated NSCs, we evaluated the informative features it learned for the two cell types and found that it had learned several biologically relevant features related to NSC shape during differentiation. We also used our model to examine the differentiation of NSCs over time; the findings confirmed our model’s ability to distinguish between non-differentiated and differentiated NSCs. Thus, our model was able to non-invasively and quantitatively identify differentiated NSCs with high accuracy and reproducibility, and, therefore, could be an ideal means of identifying differentiated NSCs in the clinic.
TrafficWave: Generative Deep Learning Architecture for Vehicular Traffic Flow Prediction
Authors: Impedovo Donato , Dentamaro Vincenzo , Pirlo Giuseppe , Sarcinella Lucia
Published: December 2019

Vehicular traffic flow prediction for a specific day of the week in a specific time span is valuable information. Local police can use this information to preventively control the traffic in more critical areas and improve the viability by decreasing, also, the number of accidents. In this paper, a novel generative deep learning architecture for time series analysis, inspired by the Google DeepMind’ Wavenet network, called TrafficWave, is proposed and applied to traffic prediction problem. The technique is compared with the most performing state-of-the-art approaches: stacked auto encoders, long–short term memory and gated recurrent unit. Results show that the proposed system performs a valuable MAPE error rate reduction when compared with other state of art techniques.