bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient caught breastfeeding and instructed to stop: an empirical ethics study on marijuana and lactation
Authors: Gross Marielle S. , Le Neveu Margot , Milliken Kara A. , Beach Mary Catherine
Published: April 2022

Background

The US guidelines recommend avoiding marijuana during breastfeeding given concerns about infant’s neurodevelopment. In this setting, some physicians and hospitals recommend against or prohibit breastfeeding when marijuana use is detected during pregnancy. However, breastfeeding is beneficial for infants and women, and stigmatization of substance use in pregnancy has been historically linked to punitive approaches with a disproportionate impact on minority populations. We advance an empirically informed ethical analysis of this issue.

Methods

First, we performed a retrospective cross-sectional qualitative study of prenatal and postpartum records from a random sample of 150 women delivered in an academic hospital system in 2017 to provide evidence and context regarding breastfeeding management in relation to marijuana use. We then perform a scoping literature review on infant risks from breastmilk marijuana exposure and risks associated with not breastfeeding for infants and women. Finally, we analyze this issue vis-a-vis ethical principles of beneficence, autonomy, and justice.

Results

(1) Medical records reveal punitive language pertaining to the medicinal use of marijuana in pregnancy and misinterpretation of national guidelines, e.g., “patient caught breastfeeding and instructed to stop.”

(2) Though there are plausible neurodevelopmental harms from breastmilk exposure to THC, evidence of infant effects from breastmilk exposure to marijuana is limited and largely confounded by concomitant pregnancy exposure and undisclosed exposures. By contrast, health benefits of breastfeeding for women and infants are well-established, as are harms of forgoing breastfeeding.

(3) Discouraging breastfeeding for women with marijuana use in pregnancy contradicts beneficence, as it neglects women’s health considerations and incorrectly assumes that risks exceed benefits for infants. Restrictive hospital practices (e.g., withholding lactation support) compromise maternal autonomy and exploit power asymmetry between birthing persons and institutions, particularly when compulsory toxicology screening prompts child welfare investigations. Finally, recommending against breastfeeding during prenatal care and imposing restrictions during postpartum hospitalization may exacerbate racial disparities in breastfeeding and related health outcomes.

Conclusions

Policy interpretations which discourage rather than encourage breastfeeding among women who use of marijuana may cause net harm, compromise autonomy, and disproportionately threaten health and wellbeing of underserved women and infants.
Endothelial dysfunction and angiogenesis: what is missing from COVID-19 and cannabidiol story?
Authors: Ashtar Nakhaei Nazanin , Najarian Andisheh , Farzaei Mohammad Hosein , Norooznezhad Amir Hossein
Published: April 2022

Background

Among pathways involved in the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), impaired endothelial cell (EC) function and angiogenesis have been discussed less frequently than others such as cytokine storm. These two do play parts in the development of various clinical manifestations of COVID-19 including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and the hyper-coagulation state.

Methods

This narrative review attempts to gather recent data on the possible potential of cannabidiol in the treatment of COVID-19 with an eye on angiogenesis and endothelial dysfunction. Keywords including cannabidiol AND angiogenesis OR endothelial cell as well as coronavirus disease 2019 OR COVID-19 AND angiogenesis OR endothelial dysfunction were searched among the databases of PubMed and Scopus.

Results

Cannabidiol (CBD), as a therapeutic phytocannabinoid, has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for two types of seizures. Due to the potent anti-inflammatory properties of CBD, this compound has been suggested as a candidate treatment for COVID-19 in the literature. Although its potential effect on ECs dysfunction and pathologic angiogenesis in COVID-19 has been overlooked, other than cytokines like interleukin 1β (IL-β), IL-6, IL-8, and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) that are common in inflammation and angiogenesis, CBD could affect other important factors related to ECs function and angiogenesis. Data shows that CBD could decrease pathologic angiogenesis via decreasing ECs proliferation, migration, and tube formation. These activities are achieved through the suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Moreover, in an animal model, ARDS and sepsis responded well to CBD treatment.

Conclusion

Altogether and considering the current use of CBD in the clinic, the conduction of further studies on CBD administration for patients with COVID-19 seems to be useful.
The added role of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography in the evaluation of pathological nipple discharge
Authors: Fakhry Sherihan , Abdel Rahman Rasha Wessam , Shaalan Hanan Shawky , Hassan Maher Hassan Ibraheem , Tealab Safy Hosny , Sayed Safia Badr
Published: April 2022

Background

Nipple discharge is one of the commonest encountered complaints in the field of breast imaging. Excluding malignancy as a cause of pathological nipple discharge is of utmost importance. Our aim in this study was to assess the role of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) in the diagnostic workup of patients with pathological nipple discharge (PND).

Results

In the current prospective study, 59/140 lesions were benign and 81/140 lesions were malignant. Analysis of CESM had achieved a higher sensitivity of 97.5% and a similar specificity of 54.2% as compared to sono-mammography, which achieved a sensitivity of 92.6% and specificity of 54.2%. The diagnostic accuracy of CESM was higher (79.3%) than sono-mammography (76.3%). CESM performed better than sono-mammography in the assessment of disease extent, as it was able to detect multifocality, multicentricity, and diffuse abnormalities, which were found in 24.1%, 43.0% and 8.9% of cases, respectively, as compared to 20.5%, 37.2%, and 3.8% of cases by sono-mammography.

Conclusion

CESM can be a valuable diagnostic imaging tool in the detection of malignancy associated with PND if sono-mammographic findings are equivocal. Its greater impact is on the delineation of disease extent, which will alter the treatment strategy.
Prolonged prone position in pregnant woman with COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Linassi Federico , Campagnolo Matteo , Busato Enrico , Ortolani Valentina , Peta Mario
Published: April 2022

The manuscript describes a case report of 2 prolonged prone position cycles (72 h each) of a coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in an intubated pregnant woman (at 22 weeks of gestational age), being successfully discharged from intensive care unit after 20 days. There were no signs of fetal sufferance at daily obstetric monitoring during prone position, and the fetus was born fully vital and without consequences.

At our knowledge, this is the first case of prolonged prone position in a pregnant woman, and we feel that our manuscript could be a valuable contribution to the literature and help intensivists in providing intensive care in these patients, confirming that prone position seems to be a valid therapeutic choice, limiting maternal and fetal hypoxia, and reducing their morbidity, even if the oculate risk/benefit should be performed. Further studies are however necessary to increase the knowledge and the good management of COVID-19 in pregnancy.
A Conversation between Wendy Brown and Amy Kapczynski
Authors: Brown Wendy , Kapczynski Amy
Published: April 2022

This special issue of SAQ was convened to facilitate dialogue between critical scholars outside of the legal academy and a new wave of legal scholars focused on the critique of capitalism. The following conversation furthers that effort by bringing together two major scholars who demonstrate the stakes and importance of establishing and developing these intellectual connections. Amy Kapczynski is one of the founders of and most prominent voices in the Law and Political Economy (LPE) Project, whose work focuses on the political economy of the politics of care, informational capitalism, and health. Wendy Brown is a political theorist who, in addition to being a preeminent scholar of neoliberalism and democracy, is one of the central figures bringing the study of law into political theory.
Classification of Torrents, Upper Salzach, Central Zillertal (Austria)
Authors: Παπάζογλου Παναγιώτης
Published: April 2022

Η παρούσα έρευνα πραγματεύεται με τους φυσικούς συντελεστές που ελέγχουν γενόμενες διαδικασίες με μετρήσιμα χαρακτηριστικά των λεκανών απορροής. Αυτές οι γενικευμένες διαδικασίες και τα μετρήσιμα χαρακτηριστικά θα συνδυαστούν και ταξινομηθούν με τέτοιο τρόπο ώστε αυτή η παραγόμενη ταξινόμηση να αποτελέσει ένα «μοντέλο» όπου ο ερευνητής θα μπορεί να εκτιμήσει τη διαδικασία που λαμβάνει χώρα σε μια λεκάνη απορροής μετρώντας απλά βασικά γεωμορφολογικά χαρακτηριστικά.Παρατηρήσεις προτείνουν ότι η κλίση αλλουβιακού κώνου πρόσχωσης εξαρτάται από το μέγεθος των φερτών υλικών, τη διαδικασία απόθεσης και την υδατοπαροχή. Οι μεγάλοι κώνοι πρόσχωσης προέρχονται από μεγάλες λεκάνες απορροής, αλλά έχουν μικρότερες κλίσεις. Συμπερασματικά, η κλίση του κώνου πρόσχωσης, γενικά, μειώνεται με την αύξηση του εμβαδού της λεκάνης απορροής.Κάτω από παρόμοιες συνθήκες δημιουργίας κώνων πρόσχωσης από χοντρόκοκκο υλικά είναι πιο επικλινείς από κώνους πρόσχωσης που δημιουργήθηκαν από λεπτόκοκκα υλικά. Επίσης, κώνοι πρόσχωσης που έχουν δημιουργηθεί από λαβαμεταφορά ή εκτεταμένη απόθεση είναι πιο επικλινείς σε σχέση με κώνους πρόσχωσης όπου κυριαρχούν ρέουσες διαδικασίες.Τα ιστορικά δεδομένα που υπάρχουν για μια περιοχή, αποτελούν το βασικό υπόβαθρο για την παρούσα έρευνα. Τα μετρούμενα γεωμορφολογικά χαρακτηριστικά συνδυάστηκαν ώστε να δημιουργηθεί ένα «νέφος» πληροφοριών. Αυτό το «νέφος» διαμορφώνεται ανάλογα με τον συνδυασμό των μετρούμενων χαρακτηριστικών από τον οποίο παράχθηκε. Από το σύνολο των «νεφών» πληροφοριών που παράχθηκαν, βρέθηκε ένα που διαχώριζε τις διαδικασίες που εκτιμήθηκαν με βάση τα ιστορικά δεδομένα και ταυτόχρονα με υψηλή ακρίβεια. Ο ανακαλυφθείς συνδυασμός γεωμορφολογικών χαρακτηριστικών που διαχωρίζει τις διαδικασίες με υψηλή ακρίβεια επιβεβαιώθηκε και με τη βοήθεια στατιστικής μεθόδου. Τέλος, το παραγόμενο «μοντέλο» εφαρμόστηκε σε άλλη περιοχή από αυτή που δημιουργήθηκε με όμοια γεωλογικά και κλιματικά χαρακτηριστικά με θετικά αποτελέσματα.
Εκτίμηση των επιπτώσεων της Κοινής Αγροτικής Πολιτικής στην κατανομή του εισοδήματος και την απασχόληση στην Περιφέρεια Κεντρικής Μακεδονίας
Authors: Μανιάτη Ανθία
Published: April 2022

Τα οικονομικά και κοινωνικά προβλήματα που βιώνει η ελληνική οικονομία τα τελευταία χρόνια, λόγω της οικονομικής κρίσης και αστάθειας, είναι αρκετά και σημαντικά. Ένα από τα σημαντικότερα είναι η ανεργία. Στον προβληματισμό που αναπτύσσεται για τις δυνατότητες αντιμετώπισης της ανεργίας, γίνεται συζήτηση για το ρόλο του αγροδιατροφικού κλάδου και της γεωργίας. Ειδικότερα, διερευνάται ο ρόλος των πολιτικών στήριξης του κλάδου της γεωργίας, κυρίως μέσω των κονδυλίων της Κοινής Αγροτικής Πολιτικής (ΚΑΠ), αν έπαιξαν κάποιο ρόλο στην στήριξη ή αύξηση της απασχόλησης και την κατανομή του εισοδήματος κατά την περίοδο της κρίσης. Παρόλο που είναι γνωστό ότι η ενίσχυση της απασχόλησης και η αύξηση του εισοδήματος τόσο στον ίδιο τον κλάδο όσο και έμμεσα στην υπόλοιπη οικονομία, δεν αποτέλεσε σχεδόν ποτέ βασικό στόχο των όποιων πολιτικών της ΚΑΠ. Σκοπός της παρούσας διατριβής, είναι να εκτιμηθούν και να προσδιοριστούν οι πιο βασικοί και δυναμικοί τομείς της οικονομίας από άποψη ενίσχυσης της απασχόλησης και αύξησης του εισοδήματος. Για τον σκοπό αυτόν χρησιμοποιούνται δύο διαφορετικές μεθοδολογικές προσεγγίσεις. Αρχικά, θα καθοριστεί ένα περιφερειακό μοντέλο Εισροών Εκροών το οποίο θα επιτρέψει την καταγραφή των επιπτώσεων (άμεσων και έμμεσων) στην απασχόληση από την εφαρμογή των μέτρων στήριξης για την γεωργία. Στη συνέχεια, η μεθοδολογία των Πινάκων Κοινωνικής Λογιστικής (ΠΚΛ) θα παρουσιάσει μια πληρέστερη εικόνα των οικονομικών μεγεθών της περιοχής, αξιολογώντας τις διασυνδέσεις των διατομεακών σχέσεων και τις εφαρμοζόμενες πολιτικές όχι μόνο στους παραγωγικούς τομείς, αλλά και σε ολόκληρη την περιφερειακή κοινωνία.
On the absolute weighted mean summability factors
Authors: Bor Hüseyin
Published: April 2022

This article contains no abstract.
On bounded spectral systems
Authors: Kokk Arne
Published: April 2022

This article contains no abstract.
On summability in measure with speed
Authors: Hõim Terje , Türnpu Heino
Published: April 2022

This article contains no abstract.
On the ideal structure and functional representation of the topological algebra C(X,A)
Authors: Arhippainen Jorma
Published: April 2022

This article contains no abstract.
A global stability result for a certain system of fifth-order nonlinear differential equations
Authors: Tunç Cemil
Published: April 2022

This paper establishes sufficient conditions which ensure the uniform global asymptotic stability of the zero solution of (1.1).
A unified approach to some Tauberian theorems of Hardy and Littlewood
Authors: Tietz Hubert , Zeller Karl
Published: April 2022

The article contains no abstract.
On strong almost convergence and uniform statistical convergence
Authors: Pehlivan Serpil
Published: April 2022

The definition of strong almost convergence is extended to a definition of strong almost convergence with respect to an Orlicz function. It is shown that every bounded uniformly statistically null sequence is also strongly almost convergent to zero with respect to any Orlicz function.
Inclusion relations between the statistical convergence and strong summability
Authors: Kolk Enno
Published: April 2022

For a sequential method of summability B we define B-density and B-statistical convergence in a Banach space X, and investigate inclusion relations between the space of B-statistically convergent sequences and the space of strongly B-summable sequences with respect to a sequence of modulus functions F=(fk). As an application, two theorems of Pehlivan and Fisher [27] are corrected.
Constructive sets of real trigonometric series
Authors: Sikk Jaak
Published: April 2022

In the present paper we consider the abstact classes of trigonometric series with complementary characteristics to Lp. The concept used will generalize the method of complementary spaces introduced by Goes [2] and Tõnnov [6] and the concept of Tλ-constructive spaces considered by the present author.
Rate-summability factors and multipliers of constructive spaces
Authors: Sikk Jaak
Published: April 2022

In the present paper we use the rate-summability concept of author ([5], [6]) to investigate abstract sets of real trigonometric series LpTλ  and LpTλ. The results will show that the summability factors for rate-spaces would be tool to investigate the multipliers of constructive spaces.
Knopp’s core in topological vector spaces
Authors: Iro Ain , Loone Leiki
Published: April 2022

The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the geometry of Knopp’s core in locally convex topological vector spaces.
On the generalized Cesàro summability factors
Authors: Seyhan Hikmet
Published: April 2022

In this paper, an extension of a result of Bor on |C,1|k summability is proved.
Sequence spaces defined by a sequence of modulus functions and χ-nearly convergence
Authors: Soomer Virge
Published: April 2022

Let E be a sequence space an let F=(fk) be a sequence of modulus functions. For x=(ξk) ∈ E define F(x) = (fk(|ξk|)). The purpose of this paper is to investigate relations between the inclusion F(x) ∈ E and the χ-nearly convergence of the sequences x and F(x).
Matrix transformations of double sequences
Authors: Zeltser Maria
Published: April 2022

We study the space Ce of double sequences (xkl) satisfying liml limk |xkl-a| = 0 for some number a, and its subspace Cbe of elements with bounded columns. Using the gliding hump method, we find necessary and sufficient conditions for a 4-dimensional matrix to transform a space X into a space Y, where X,Y ∈ {Ce,Cbe}.
Convergence in measure and Weyl multipliers for absolute summability of double function series
Authors: Baron Simson , Türnpu Heino
Published: April 2022

In this article a quantitative relation between the partial sums of the double function series ∑m,ncmnfmn(x) and the  double sequence (cmn) of its coefficients is established. Estimates of powers of the partial sums of the double function series are given and Weyl multipliers for absolute summability almost everywhere by triangular matrix methods are obtained.
Strong summability defined by p-convex modulus functions and Knutter's theorem
Authors: Soomer Virge
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this paper is to extend Thorpe's generalization of Knutter's theorem (cf. Theorem K) to strong summability with respect to a p-convex modulus function.
Density expansions for correlations and eigenvalues of the covariance matrix
Authors: Kollo Tõnu , Selart Anne
Published: April 2022

In the paper explicit approximation formulae for the sample correlation coefficient and eigenvalues of the sample covariance matrix are found. The approximations are based on univariate and multivariate normal and skew normal distributions. A simulation experiment has been carried out where the empirical distributions are compared with different approximations.
New parametric and nonparametric multiple test procedures for high-dimensional data
Authors: Kropf Siegfried , Hommel Gerhard
Published: April 2022

Modern techniques in biomedical research as microarrays or computer based imaging techniques often yield extremely high-dimensional data for a patient. We propose several procedures for separate tests with all variables controlling the experimentwise type I error in a parametric as well as in a nonparametric setup. These procedures utilise the idea that all variables should have a similar scale. Otherwise the procedures are less powerful but the type I error is still under strong control.Various modifications of the basic procedures weaken the power-dependence on the assumption of equal variances. All procedures are very simple to implement. They are demonstrated here in a microarray data set, comparing their performance with standard techniques.
On reparameterization of random effects in linear mixed models
Authors: Möls Märt
Published: April 2022

The Empirical Best Linear Unbiased Predictor of random effects in linear mixed models may be non-unique. For fixed effects two approaches are used to derive unique solutions – one is based on using estimable linear combinations of parameters and the other one uses reparametrization constraints. It is shown that both approaches can be applied in a similar manner to derive unique prediction results for random effects.
The extended growth curve model - an overview with special reference to two components model
Authors: Žežula Ivan
Published: April 2022

The paper contains an overview of recent results in the extended growth curve model, both with fixed and random effects. Explicit results are shown mainly for the model with two components/profiles. A variance components estimability criterion is proposed.
Some elementary zero-free regions for Dirichlet series and power series
Authors: Bonciocat Nicolae Ciprian , Zaharescu Alexandru
Published: April 2022

Adapting some elementary methods used by a number of authors to investigate the location of roots of polynomials with complex coefficients, we present some results which provide zero-free regions for Dirichlet series and power series.
Uniform convergence and A^\lambda-boundedness ofseries with respect to product systems
Authors: Saealle Natalia
Published: April 2022

Let {gk} be an orthogonal product system. For a continuous function u it is proved that the series ∑kgk(t) with  the Walsh-Fourier coefficients  is convergent (A-summable, Aλ-bounded, regularly Aλ-summable) uniformly if and only if the Walsh-Fourier series ∑kwk(t) has the same property.
Linear sufficiency and completeness in the partitioned linear model
Authors: Isotalo Jarkko , Puntanen Simo
Published: April 2022

In this paper we consider the estimation of X1β1 under the partitioned linear model {y,X1β1+X2β2,σ2V}. In particular, we consider linear sufficiency and linear completeness of X1β1. We give new characterizations for linear sufficiency of X1β1, and define and characterize linear completeness in a case of estimation of X1β1. We also introduce a predictive approach for obtaining the best linear unbiased estimator of X1β1, and subsequently, we give linear analogues of the Rao-Blackwell and Lehmann-Scheffé theorems in the context of estimating X1β1.
Timelike parallel p_i-equidistant ruled surfaces by a timelike base curve in the Minkowski 3-space R^3_1
Authors: Kuruoğlu Nuri , Masal Melek
Published: April 2022

Timelike parallel pi-equidistant ruled surfaces are introduced and relations about polar planes, natural curvatures and natural torsions are given. In addition, relations between distribution parameters, shape operators, Gaussian and mean curvatures of these ruled surfaces are obtained. After all, an example related to the parallel timelike p2-equidistant ruled surfaces is given.
Hardy-Hilbert’s integral inequalities via homogeneous functions and some other generalizations
Authors: Sulaiman Waad T.
Published: April 2022

Inequalities similar to Hardy-Hilbert’s integral inequality in which weight function is homogeneous are given. As an application, some recent results by B. Yang and G. Xin follow.
Core theorems concerning Riesz method and Abel type method of summability
Authors: Loone Leiki
Published: April 2022

Relations between cores that are defined by Abel type summability method Jp and by Riesz method Rp are investigated. Two Tauberian theorems are proved for these cores.
Estimation of the sample size required for obtaining given sample coverage
Authors: Juhkam Mihhail , Pärna Kalev
Published: April 2022

We consider sampling from populations with large number of classes. The problem is to disclose a sufficiently big number of classes,which represent a dominating part of population (e.g. 99%). In many applications, e.g. in genetics, disclosure of all classes is not necessary, since it can require a very large sample and, hence, is too costly. In this paper we propose a method for estimation of the sample size, necessary to achieve a given sample coverage. We apply the method to populations where the class probabilities are the members of a geometric sequence. A Monte Carlo study demonstrates that the method we propose gives good results for values if the common ratio of the sequence is not too close to 1.
Approximation of functions belonging to the class L^p(ω)_β by linear operators
Authors: Łenski Włodzimierz , Szal Bogdan
Published: April 2022

We prove results which correspond to the theorems of M. L. Mittal, B. E. Rhodes, V. N. Mishra [International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences, Volume 2006 (2006), Article ID 53538, 10 pages] on the rate of norm and pointwise approximation of conjugate functions by the matrix summability means of their Fourier series.
ϕ- and β-topologies in sequence spaces
Authors: Lätt Kaido
Published: April 2022

The aim of this note is to examine the relationship between ϕ-topologies and β-topologies in FK-spaces. Every ϕ-topology on an FK-space is a β-topology, the converse statement is not always true. Still, in AB-BK-spaces the statement holds, i.e., every β-topology is aϕ-topology. We establish that an analogous statement is true for ABFK-spaces.
Hair Spray Induced Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kashfi Simon , Sharma Shorabh
Published: April 2022

Inhalants are common drugs of abuse. Hydrocarbons, the active ingredient in most inhalants, exert depressant effects on the central nervous system, causing a ‘high’. In the heart, hydrocarbon toxicity can predispose patients to arrhythmias and heart failure through increased sympathetic susceptibility. We present the case of a 28-year-old female who developed dilated cardiomyopathy in the setting of chronic inhalant abuse.
Analysing frugal innovation incubation programmes: a case study from the water sector
Authors: Mvulirwenande Silas , Wehn Uta
Published: April 2022

Perceived positive impacts of frugal innovation for sustainable global development have triggered a variety of programmes to foster such innovation. To increase the impact of these programmes, it is important to understand how they function. In this paper, we develop a conceptual framework for the analysis of interventions that foster frugal innovations through incubation. Drawing on relevant theories and concepts in the field of innovation and related literature, the framework is based on two major categories of factors influencing the nature and outcome of frugal innovation incubation. The first category relates to the incubation process, the second to the innovation environment. The proposed framework is applied to the case study of VIA Water, a Dutch programme to foster water innovation in African cities. The framework and the case study presented in this paper demonstrate the complexity of a frugal innovation incubation process and thus the need to take a holistic approach when designing and/or analysing related interventions. We conclude that frugal innovation incubation programmes should consider that the innovation capabilities of potential frugal innovators tend to be weaker in developing than in developed countries. Therefore, incubation programmes should devise strategies that present frugal innovators possessing local knowledge and creative ideas with a realistic chance of competing.
A typology of strategies for user involvement in innovation processes
Authors: Storvang Pia , Haug Anders , Nguyen Bang
Published: April 2022

This paper investigates how an organization can involve users in innovation processes. Based on three case studies and the literature on spaces, user-driven innovations and design management, the paper develops a framework that organizes different types of user involvement strategies. The framework aims to provide a rich understanding of how innovative spaces can be staged under different management strategies. To test the framework, nine SMEs from different Danish industries were selected. The findings show that the framework needs to be flexible in order to accommodate how users can be involved in different contexts and stages of the process. In addition, the study demonstrates various approaches to innovative spaces for involving users and their interests in the company. The framework includes a critique of the one-sided promotion of certain innovation paradigms in the literature. As demonstrated in this paper, different contexts require very different innovation approaches.
Australian attitudes towards innovation, work and technology: Towards
a cultural explanation
Authors: Charles Michael B. , Ryan Neal , Tuffley David , Noble David , Stonecash Robin
Published: April 2022

Australia, despite its G20 status, has not been performing as well in innovation
in high-technology sectors as its educational levels and sustained growth would
suggest. Australia has found it difficult to emerge from an economy based on
resources and agriculture to a services economy based on knowledge and the
application of technology. Several reasons have been put forward over the years.
This study considers one reason that has not been considered in any detail –
culture and national identity. In this paper, we look closely at a number of
artefacts of popular culture from the late 1800s to the present day (such as
art, poetry, song and film). These continue to underpin Australia's national
identity, despite the multicultural and multiethnic nature of modern Australia.
This study argues that the current Australian attitude to work, technology and
innovation is strongly rooted in the egalitarian and anti-authoritarian ethos
associated with what has been termed the 'Australian legend' or the 'pioneer
legend'. A national discourse with emphasis on hyper-masculine hard work as
opposed to education and innovation has favoured policies to assist the resource
and agricultural sectors of the economy, rather than sectors capable of creating
greater value.
The impact of persistent innovation on Australian firm
growth
Authors: Hendrickson Luke , Taylor David , Ang Lyndon , Cao Kay , Nguyen Thai , Soriano Franklin
Published: April 2022

This paper assesses the contribution of innovation persistence to surviving
Australian firm growth performance over the period 2007–08 to 2013–14 with the
added advantages that new firms, micro-sized firms and all industry sectors are
included in our analysis. Over this period, firms with high sales and/or
employment growth accounted for the majority of aggregate economic and
employment growth in Australia, which is consistent with similar studies in
other countries. Using a randomized, stratified sample from a firm
population-level database that links administrative, tax and survey data, we
created a matched, balanced sample of surviving firms to show that short-term
persistent innovators (particularly young SMEs) significantly outgrow their less
persistent and non-innovator counterparts in terms of sales, value added,
employment and profit growth. Persistent innovators are more likely to be
high-growth firms and more likely to introduce multiple types of innovation that
are more novel. Our findings suggest that broad-based innovation policies may
support successive waves of high-growth firms that help to sustain economic and
employment growth in Australia.
Frugal innovation capabilities: conceptualization and
measurement
Authors: Shivdas Avinash , Barpanda Saswata , Sivakumar Soumya , Bishu Ram
Published: April 2022

Firms in emerging markets are rapidly developing frugal innovation capabilities
(FICs) in order to harness the growth potential of these markets. Researchers
have explored this frugal innovation phenomenon through case studies of such
firms. This nascent domain of study has been growing, and the demand for a
specialized focus on FICs and their measurement is strong. This paper aims to
satisfy the demand by conceptualizing FICs using the theoretical framework of
dynamic capability, developing a measurement scale, and empirically validating
the scale to measure FICs. Data from the medical device and automobile sectors
in India were applied for this purpose. It is proposed that FICs are a composite
variable with four dimensions: value for money, acceptable quality, scalability
and marketability. The confirmatory factor analysis results validate these
dimensions, presenting a gateway to explore FICs and their applications.
A death in the family: experiences of dying and death in which everyday family practices are embedded and enacted
Authors: Almack Kathryn
Published: April 2022

‘Family’ is an important concept in end-of-life care policy and practice but familial relationships are rarely considered, beyond a bio-medical framework and/or as a resource for informal care. Furthermore, bereavement and grief have largely come to be seen as the domain for psychiatry and psychology. I argue for an exploration of death, dying and bereavement as experiences within which everyday family practices are embedded and enacted. In doing so, I draw on experiences, in an English setting, relating to my parents’ coming to the end of their lives. Morgan’s work is central to this endeavour and I apply aspects of his work to this important but understudied area of family sociology. Building on insights from this important body of work, I argue this can help to develop richer, more nuanced understandings of the everyday familial experiences of dying and death bound up in social, material and cultural contexts.
Thomas befördert Thomas befördert Thomas – Geschlechterbezogene Stereotype und ihre Implikationen für die Besetzung von CTO-Positionen
Authors: Sundermeier Janina , Steenblock Conny
Published: April 2022

Seit Jahrzehnten ist und bleibt die Anzahl von Frauen in der Position des Chief Technology Officer (CTO) niedrig. Das Resultat sind wirtschaftliche und soziale Nachteile sowohl für Unternehmen als auch für die Gesellschaft. Mögliche Ursachen für das ungleiche Geschlechterverhältnis in der IT-Führung beschäftigen Forschung und Praxis gleichermaßen. Da sich etwaige Unterschiede zwischen Männern und Frauen im Hinblick auf Beförderungswürdigkeit oder Ambition nicht biologisch erklären lassen, rücken zunehmend soziale Konstruktionen der CTO-Rolle und ihrer Merkmale in den Fokus. Diese Studie geht der Frage nach, welche geschlechterbezogenen Stereotype in diesem Zusammenhang im deutschsprachigen Raum existieren. Dazu werden qualitative Daten aus 12 Fokusgruppen mittels explorativer Datenanalyse ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die verbreiteten Vorstellungen von einer CTO-Position überwiegend männlich konnotiert sind. In den drei identifizierten Stereotypen spiegelt sich das gesellschaftliche Bild eines männlichen, bereits in jungen Jahren stark geförderten und gut ausgebildeten Ideals wider, welches als Voraussetzung angesehen wird, um die technisch geprägte Führungsrolle erfolgreich ausfüllen zu können. Auf Basis dieser Erkenntnisse werden Handlungsoptionen für Wissenschaft und Praxis diskutiert.
Estimation of mean population salt intakes using spot urine samples and associations with body mass index, hypertension, raised blood sugar and hypercholesterolemia: Findings from STEPS Survey 2019, Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Saroj , Bista Bihungum , Yadav Binod Kumar , Gynawali Pradip , Poudyal Anil , Jha Anjani Kumar , Dhimal Meghnath
Published: April 2022

Background

High dietary salt intake is recognized as a risk factor for several non-communicable diseases (NCDs), in particular cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including heart attack and stroke. Accurate measurement of population level salt intake is essential for setting targeted goals and plans for salt reduction strategies. We used a spot urine sample to estimate the mean population salt intake in Nepal and evaluated the association of salt intake with excess weight, hypertension, raised blood sugar and hypercholesterolemia, and a number of socio-demographic characteristics.

Methods

A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out from February to May 2019 using a WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance. Spot urine was collected from 4361 participants aged 15–69 years for the analysis of salt intake. We then used the INTERSALT equation to calculate population salt intake. Student’s ‘t’ test, one-way ANOVA and multivariable linear regression were used to assess the association between salt intake and a number of factors. Statistical significance was accepted at P < .05.

Results

The average (±SD) age of participants was 40 (14.1) years. Mean salt intake, derived from spot urine samples, was estimated to be 9.1g/d. A total of 70.8% of the population consumed more than the WHO’s recommended amount of 5g salt per day, with almost one third of the population (29%) consuming more than 10g of salt per day. Higher salt intake was significantly associated with male gender (β for male = 0.98g; 95%CI:0.87,1.1) and younger age groups (β25–39 years = 0.08; 95%CI:-0.08,0.23) and higher BMI (β = 0.19; 95%CI:0.18,0.21). Participants who were hypertensive and had raised blood cholesterol consumed less salt than people who had normal blood pressure and cholesterol levels (P<0.001).

Conclusions

Salt consumption in Nepal is high, with a total of 70.8% of the population having a mean salt intake >5g/d, well above the World Health Organization recommendation. High salt intake was found to be associated with sex, age group, education, province, BMI, and raised cholesterol level of participants These findings build a strong case for action to reduce salt consumption in Nepal in order to achieve the global target of 30% reduction in population salt intake by 2025.
Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 in nasal brushings and olfactory mucosa biopsies of COVID-19 patients
Authors: Pipolo Carlotta , Bottai Daniele , Fuccillo Emanuela , Aronica Eleonora , Bruschi Fabio , Bulfamante Antonio Mario , Castellani Luca , Canevini Maria Paola , Chiumello Davide , Ferrari Sergio , Martinelli Carla , Muttini Stefano , Priori Alberto , Saibene Alberto Maria , Spoldi Chiara , Tosi Delfina , Zanusso Gianluigi , Bulfamante Gaetano Pietro , Felisati Giovanni
Published: April 2022

The aim of the present study is to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 of patients affected by COVID-19 in olfactory mucosa (OM), sampled with nasal brushing (NB) and biopsy, and to assess whether a non-invasive procedure, such as NB, might be used as a large-scale procedure for demonstrating SARS-CoV-2 presence in olfactory neuroepithelium. Nasal brushings obtained from all the COVID-19 patients resulted positive to SARS-CoV-2 immunocytochemistry while controls were negative. Double immunofluorescence showed that SARS-CoV-2 positive cells included supporting cells as well as olfactory neurons and basal cells. OM biopsies showed an uneven distribution of SARS-CoV-2 positivity along the olfactory neuroepithelium, while OM from controls were negative. SARS-CoV-2 was distinctively found in sustentacular cells, olfactory neurons, and basal cells, supporting what was observed in NB. Ultrastructural analysis of OM biopsies showed SARS-CoV-2 viral particles in the cytoplasm of sustentacular cells. This study shows the presence of SARS-CoV-2 at the level of the olfactory neuroepithelium in patients affected by COVID-19. For the first time, we used NB as a rapid non-invasive tool for assessing a potential neuroinvasion by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Effects of mechanical weeding on soil fertility and microbial community structure in star anise (Illicium verum Hook.f.) plantations
Authors: Xiao Jian , Chen Siyu , Sun Yan , Wu Siyu , Liang Wenhui , Yang Shangdong
Published: April 2022

Recently, the effects of weed control on crop yield, quality and soil fertility have been increasingly investigated. However, soil microorganism diversity under weed control, especially for aromatic plants, is little studied. Mechanical weeding effects on soil fertility and microbial diversity in star anise plantations remain unknown, limiting improvements in crop quality and yield through weed control. Therefore, mechanical weeding (MW) and no weeding (NW) zones were randomly designed in the same star anise plantation to study the mechanical weeding impacts on soil biological properties and microbial diversity. The phosphatase activity of MW soil was significantly higher than that of NW soil; however, aminopeptidase activity was significantly lower than that under NW. There was no significant difference in β-glucosidase activity between MW and NW. Moreover, soil microbial biomass C and N in MW soil were significantly higher than those of NW, but soil microbial biomass P was significantly lower than that of NW. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes, WPS-2, Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia were the predominant bacterial phyla in MW and NW soils. Specifically, Bacteroidetes was enriched in MW soil, being the unique dominant bacteria. Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, unclassified_k_Fungi, Rozellomycota and Mortierellomycota were the predominant fungi in MW and NW soils. The numbers of dominant bacterial genera (> 1%) were 26 and 23 for NW and MW soils, respectively. Among them, norank_f__norank_o__norank_c__Subgroup_6, 1921–2 and norank_f__norank_o__B12-WMSP1 went undetected in MW soil. Moreover, the numbers of dominant fungi in soils of star anise plantations were 11 and 9 for NW and MW, respectively. Among them, only unclassified_f__Clavicipitaceae and Mortierella went undetected in MW soils. Thus, soil microbial community structures are not significantly altered by mechanical weeding. The above results suggest that soil fertility can be improved and soil heath can be maintained by mechanical weeding in star anise plantations. Moreover, soil-borne diseases maybe easily occurred under NW treatment in star anise plantation.
Diseño y validación de la Escala de Percepción del Riesgo para Conducta Sexual en jóvenes ecuatorianos
Authors:   Universidad Estatal de Milagro, Ecuador, Robles Junes L. , Aranda María ,   Universidad de Jaén, España, Montes-Berges Beatriz ,   Universidad de Jaén, España
Published: April 2022

Resumen Introducción: Ser capaces de percibir el riesgo que suponen algunas conductas se asocia a la toma de decisiones protectoras y promotoras de la salud. A pesar de que esta relación es consistente en el caso de comportamientos sexuales, no existe un instrumento culturalmente adaptado al contexto ecuatoriano que evalúe este tipo de percepciones en adolescentes y jóvenes. El objetivo del estudio fue diseñar la “Escala de Percepción del Riesgo para Conducta Sexual en jóvenes ecuatorianos” y analizar sus propiedades psicométricas. Método: Participaron 1822 estudiantes universitarios, con edades entre 16 y 25 años. La escala final contiene 27 ítems. Resultados: El análisis factorial exploratorio determinó la presencia de cuatro subescalas: percepción del riesgo sobre conductas sexuales, percepción del uso del preservativo, conocimiento de los antecedentes sexuales de la pareja y fuente de información sobre sexualidad. El análisis factorial confirmatorio corroboró la estructura factorial con ajuste moderado. Los resultados de la fiabilidad del instrumento arrojaron una consistencia interna excelente. Asimismo, se observó una alta estabilidad, garantizando la fiabilidad test-retest. Conclusión: Se presenta un instrumento fiable y válido para la evaluación de la capacidad de los jóvenes para discernir qué conductas en el marco de la sexualidad podrían suponer un riesgo o una protección para su salud.
Campus Medius: Digitales Kartografieren in den Kultur- und Medienwissenschaften
Authors: Ganahl Simon
Published: April 2022

Campus Medius erforscht und erweitert die Möglichkeiten der digitalen Kartografie in den Kultur- und Medienwissenschaften. Simon Ganahl dokumentiert die Entwicklung des Projekts von einer historischen Fallstudie zur Mapping-Plattform. Ausgehend von der Frage, was eine mediale Erfahrung ist, werden die Konzepte des Dispositivs und des Akteur-Netzwerks in ein Datenmodell übersetzt. Als Labor dient ein Zeit-Raum von 24 Stunden im Mai 1933 in Wien, der von einer austrofaschistischen »Türkenbefreiungsfeier« geprägt ist. Diese Massenkundgebung wird multiperspektivisch kartografiert und in medienhistorische Netzwerke eingeflochten, die sich vom 17. Jahrhundert bis in unsere Gegenwart aufspannen.
Campus Medius: Digital Mapping in Cultural and Media Studies
Authors: Ganahl Simon
Published: April 2022

Campus Medius explores and expands the possibilities of digital cartography in cultural and media studies. Simon Ganahl documents the development of the project from a historical case study to a mapping platform. Based on the question of what a media experience is, the concepts of the apparatus (dispositif) and the actor-network are translated into a data model. A time-space of twenty-four hours in Vienna in May 1933, marked by a so-called »Turks Deliverance Celebration« (Türkenbefreiungsfeier), serves as an empirical laboratory. This Austrofascist rally is mapped from multiple perspectives and woven into media-historical networks, spanning from the seventeenth century up to the present day.
A wie Abtreibung
Authors: Artwinska Anna
Published: April 2022

Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Frage, wie die zeitgenössische polnische und russische Literatur von Frauen das Problem der Abtreibung darstellt. Diskutiert werden zwei literarische Fallbeispiele - »Ślad po mamie« (Spur einer Mutter, 2006) der polnischen Autorin Marta Dzido und »Kazus Kukockogo« (Reise in den siebenten Himmel, 2000) der russischen Autorin Ljudmila Ulitzkaja - die im Kontext der jeweiligen postsozialistischen Diskurse zur Abtreibungsproblematik zu verorten sind bzw. diese aktiv mitgestalten. Artwińska argumentiert, dass sich eine komparatistische Lektüre der beiden Texte lohnt, weil dadurch die kulturspezifischen Unterschiede im Hinblick auf die sozialkritische Funktion der »Frauenliteratur« herausgearbeitet werden können. Während Marta Dzido die Abtreibung im neoliberalen Sinne als eine private Angelegenheit von Frauen darstellt und das polnische restriktive Abtreibungsgesetzt von 1993 nicht in Frage stellt, sieht Ulitzkaja in dem stalinistischen Abtreibungsverbot eine Metapher des totalitären Systems als solches. Für beide Autorinnen stellt das Abtreibungsmotiv eine andere Rolle dar: Im »Ślad po mamie« geht es um das Coming-out einer jungen Frau im postsozialistischen Polen, das Buch trägt zur Enttabuisierung der Abtreibung bei. In dem russischen Roman werden die Folgen von staatlich gesteuerten Kontrollmechanismen für das Frauenleben in den Vordergrund gestellt. Sowohl Dzido als auch Ulitzkaja bedienen sich dabei spannender literarischer Formen (autobiographische Erzählung und Familiensaga) und betten die Abtreibung in eine mehrgenerationelle Familiengeschichte ein.
Sexuelle Bildung ermöglichen
Authors: Thuswald Marion
Published: April 2022

Wie werden Lehrer*innen auf sexualpädagogische Herausforderungen in der Schule vorbereitet? Welcher Stellenwert kommt dabei Lustfreundlichkeit, sexueller Vielfalt, Gewaltprävention und Antidiskriminierung zu? In ihrer soziografischen Studie untersucht Marion Thuswald sexualpädagogische Aus- und Fortbildungsveranstaltungen von Pädagogischen Hochschulen, Fachstellen und Universitäten in Österreich. Anhand einer kritischen Analyse sexualpädagogischer Praktiken lotet sie Möglichkeitsräume emanzipatorisch orientierter sexueller Bildung aus und entwickelt dazu praxisnahe Vorschläge für Schulen und Lehrer*innenbildung.
Vom Unsinn und Nutzen der Artbegegnungen: Judith Holofernes' Tiergedichte aus Sicht des Animal Turn
Authors: Lemke Paulina , Strecker Miriam
Published: April 2022

Paulina Lemke und Miriam Strecker verorten in diesem Beitrag die Tiergedichte der vormaligen Wir sind Helden-Sängerin Judith Holofernes im derzeit hochkonjunkturell betriebenen Diskursfeld der Animal Studies beziehungsweise des Animal Turn.
The Effect of Sustainability Disclosure, Good Corporate Governance Mechanism and Intellectual Capital on Return on Assets
Authors: Yuliana Nita
Published: April 2022

This study aims to examine the effects of disclosure of sustainability, corporate governance mechanisms, and intellectual capital on the return on assets. The population of this study is banking companies listed on the IDX in 2016-2019. The samples were selected based on the criteria of 27 companies over a 4-year period, so that 108 samples were obtained. Regression analysis method on panel data using EViews 12 The results of this study indicate that sustainability disclosure has no significant effect on ROA, frequency of board of Commissioners meetings has a positive and significant effect on ROA, institutional ownership has no significant effect on ROA, and intellectual capital has a positive and significant effect on ROA.
The Granger Causality Between Corruption and Economic Growth in ASEAN Countries
Authors: Li Li
Published: April 2022

This paper studies the Granger causality between corruption and economic growth in ASEAN countries over the period of 1995-2019. Ten ASEAN countries are Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, and Singapore. The corruption is measured by the Corruption Perception Index published annually by Transparency International. The economic growth is measured by a country’s annual gross domestic product growth rate. There is a significant bidirectional Granger causality found between lower level of corruption and higher economic growth in Indonesia. It is shown that higher economic growth Granger causes lower level of corruption in Brunei Darussalam, and lower level of corruption Granger causes higher economic growth in Cambodia. No Granger causality between corruption and economic growth is found in the remaining seven ASEAN countries.