bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graduação em Ciências Contábeis - a ênfase nas competências:contribuições ao debate
Authors: Laffin Marcos
Published: August 2015

A reestruturação produtiva requer novas bases de formação para garantir melhorias no desempenho profissional. A graduação em Ciências Contábeis, por meio das diretrizes curriculares do curso, adotou o percurso de formação com base em competências e habilidades. Essa tensão que se estabelece entre as competências exigidas na formação para responder ao mercado de trabalho destitui a compreensão da dimensão conceitual da Ciência Contábil em detrimento da racionalidade técnica que se resume a fazer. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo é discutir as limitações da pedagogia das competências no que se refere à contradição estabelecida entre as demandas de um profissional da contabilidade que articule o conhecimento contábil e sua participação no desenvolvimento social por meio da realização profissional. De natureza bibliográfica e documental, este estudo buscou contribuições de Ramos (2001), Mendez (2001), Kuenzer (2007) para referenciar uma análise na perspectiva crítica da Resolução CNE/CES nº 10/2004 que instituiu as diretrizes da formação em Ciências Contábeis. Concluiu-se que a reificação do currículo por competências e alongado pelo exame de suficiência não contribuem para a formação plena do profissional e impõe limites ao desenvolvimento da ciência contábil.
Do Boys and Girls Use Computers Differently, and Does It Contribute to Why Boys do Worse in School Than Girls?
Authors: Fairlie Robert W.
Published: August 2015

Boys are doing worse in school than are girls, which has been dubbed “the Boy Crisis.” An analysis of the latest data on educational outcomes among boys and girls reveals extensive disparities in grades, reading and writing test scores, and other measurable educational outcomes, and these disparities exist across family resources and race. Focusing on disadvantaged schoolchildren, I then examine whether time investments made by boys and girls related to computer use contribute to the gender gap in academic achievement. Data from several sources indicate that boys are less likely to use computers for schoolwork and are more likely to use computers for playing games, but are less likely to use computers for social networking and email than are girls. Using data from a large field experiment randomly providing free personal computers to schoolchildren for home use, I also test whether these differential patterns of computer use displace homework time and ultimately translate into worse educational outcomes among boys. No evidence is found indicating that personal computers crowd out homework time and effort for disadvantaged boys relative to girls. Home computers also do not have negative effects on educational outcomes such as grades, test scores, courses completed, and tardies for disadvantaged boys relative to girls.
A Preliminary Study of the Utilization of Maximal and Rapid Strength Characteristics to Identify Chair-Rise Performance Abilities in Very Old Adults
Authors: Palmer Ty B. , Thiele Ryan M. , Conchola Eric C. , Smith Douglas B. , Thompson Brennan J.
Published: August 2015

Background:

Maximal and rapid strength characteristics of the knee extensor and flexor muscles play an important role in fall prevention and walking-related performances; however, few studies have investigated the ability of these variables to identify chair-rise performances in very old adults.

Purpose:

To examine the effectiveness of maximal and rapid isometric strength characteristics of the knee extensors and flexors to differentiate between very old adults who are able (higher functioning) versus unable (lower functioning) to independently rise from a chair.

Methods:

Nine higher functioning (age, 87 ± 6 years) and 6 lower functioning (age, 89 ± 6 years) very old adults performed 2 isometric maximal voluntary contractions of the knee extensors and flexors. Peak moment and absolute and relative rate of moment development (RMD) at the early (0-50 ms) and late (0-200 ms) phases of muscle contraction were examined during each maximal voluntary contraction.

Results:

Absolute and relative RMD values at 0 to 50 ms were greater (P = .02 and .03, respectively) in the higher functioning than in the lower functioning individuals for both the knee extensors and flexors. However, no group-related differences (P = .39-.58) were observed in either muscle group for peak moment or absolute and relative RMD at 0 to 200 ms.

Conclusions:

Early rapid moment production of the knee extensors and flexors may be an effective measure for discriminating between very old adults of different chair-rise performance abilities. Physical therapists and other practitioners may use these findings to help with the identification and early detection of older adults who are at a high risk for functional decline.
Is the Veterans Specific Activity Questionnaire Valid to Assess Older Adults Aerobic Fitness?
Authors: de Carvalho Bastone Alessandra , de Souza Moreira Bruno , Teixeira Claudine Patrícia , Dias João Marcos Domingues , Dias Rosângela Corrêa
Published: August 2015

Background:

Aerobic fitness in older adults is related to health status, incident disability, nursing home admission, and all-cause mortality. The most accurate quantification of aerobic fitness, expressed as peak oxygen consumption in mL·kg−1·min−1, is the cardiorespiratory exercise test; however, it is not feasible in all settings and might offer risk to patients. The Veterans Specific Activity Questionnaire (VSAQ) is a 13-item self-administered symptom questionnaire that estimates aerobic fitness expressed in metabolic equivalents (METs) and has been validated to cardiovascular patients.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the VSAQ in older adults without specific health conditions.

Methods:

A methodological study with a cross-sectional design was conducted with 28 older adults (66-86 years). The VSAQ was administered on 3 occasions by 2 evaluators. Aerobic capacity in METs as measured by the VSAQ was compared with the METs found in an incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) performed with a portable metabolic measurement system and with accelerometer data.

Results:

The validity of the VSAQ was found to be moderate-to-good when compared with the METs and distance measured by the ISWT and with the moderate activity per day and steps per day obtained by accelerometry. The Bland-Altman graph analysis showed no values outside the limits of agreement, suggesting good precision between the METs estimated by questionnaire and the METs measured by the ISWT. Also, the intrarater and interrater reliabilities of the instrument were good.

Conclusions:

The results showed that the VSAQ is a valuable tool to assess the aerobic fitness of older adults.
Iodide transport and breast cancer
Authors: Poole Vikki L , McCabe Christopher J
Published: August 2015

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide and the leading cause of cancer death in women, with incidence rates that continue to rise. The heterogeneity of the disease makes breast cancer exceptionally difficult to treat, particularly for those patients with triple-negative disease. To address the therapeutic complexity of these tumours, new strategies for diagnosis and treatment are urgently required. The ability of lactating and malignant breast cells to uptake and transport iodide has led to the hypothesis that radioiodide therapy could be a potentially viable treatment for many breast cancer patients. Understanding how iodide is transported, and the factors regulating the expression and function of the proteins responsible for iodide transport, is critical for translating this hypothesis into reality. This review covers the three known iodide transporters – the sodium iodide symporter, pendrin and the sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter – and their role in iodide transport in breast cells, along with efforts to manipulate them to increase the potential for radioiodide therapy as a treatment for breast cancer.
К этимологии двух русских слов (горлопан и крыса)
Authors: Храмов Ю. В.
Published: August 2015

The present paper discusses the Russian lexemes горлопан ‘shouter, bawler’ and крыса ‘rat’, which are problematic from the point of view of etymology. The word горлопан can be explained as a compound, connected by grade haplology to Russian dialectal лопать ‘to shout’ and горло ‘throat’: горлопан = горло-лоп-ан > горлопан (because of expressivity). The Russian word крыса is seen as an expressive doublet to Slavic gryz-. The paper is based on historical and lexicological material, and uses dialectal examples that ensure the reliability of conclusions. The author pays particular attention to the semantic, phonetic, and derivational aspects of the etymology of the word.
Градуирование и квантификация в современном русском языке
Authors: Колесникова С. М.
Published: August 2015

Countable words conveying a numeric code and are subject to accountability not quantified explicitly are amenable graduation and become potentially gradable. There are two types of graduation of words: implicitly and explicitly graded words emerging as a result of quantification. The meaning of each lexical unit is implemented in three main areas: graduation, modality, and modal-estimated.
B grupės streptokoko sukelto ankstyvojo sepsio perinataliniai rizikos veiksniai
Authors: Šimkutė Sima , Simonavičius Justas , Mikalauskas Aurimas , Tamelienė Rasa
Published: August 2015

Reikšminiai žodžiai: B grupės streptokokas, naujagimis, ankstyvas sepsis. Tikslas. Išanalizuoti B grupės streptokoko sukelto ankstyvojo naujagimių sepsio perinatalinius rizikos veiksnius. Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. Tiriamoji grupė buvo naujagimiai, gimę Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto Kauno klinikose 2006–2012 m. ir susirgę B grupės streptokoko sukeltu ankstyvuoju sepsiu. Kontrolinė grupė buvo suformuota atsitiktinai atrinkus sveikus naujagimius. Duomenys analizuoti SPSS 17.0 programa. Rezultatai. Tiriamąją imtį sudarė 25 B grupės streptokoko sukeltu ankstyvuoju sepsiu sirgę naujagimiai; kontrolinę – 25 sveiki naujagimiai. 20 naujagimių gimė natūraliais takais, 5 – atliekant cezario pjūvio operaciją; kontrolinėje grupėje natūraliais takais gimė 13, atliekant cezario pjūvio operaciją – 12 naujagimių (r – 0,334, p – 0,019). Tiriamojoje grupėje naujagimiai gimė iš mekonijumi neužterštų vaisiaus vandenų – 14, mekonijumi užterštų – 11, kontrolinėje iš mekonijumi neužterštų vaisiaus vandenų – 22, mekonijumi užterštų – 3 (r – 0,356, p – 0,025). Vidutinis lovadienių skaičius tiriamojoje grupėje – 16,85 dienos, o kontrolinėje – 5,86 dienos (p < 0,001). Išvados. B grupės streptokoko sukelto ankstyvojo sepsio dažniau galime tikėtis natūraliais takais, iš mekonijumi užterštų vaisiaus vandenų gimusiems naujagimiams. Šie naujagimiai ligoninėje praleidžia 2,8 karto ilgesnį laiką nei sveiki.
Kepenų transplantato disfunkcija (reperfuzinis sindromas)
Authors: Zacharič Jolanta , Sokolovas Vitalijus , Paškonis Marius , Jurgaitis Jonas , Petrulionis Marius , Gutauskas Marijus , Špūras Jonas , Strupas Kęstutis
Published: August 2015

Reikšmingi žodžiai: ortotopinė kepenų transplantacija, pradinė kepenų transplantato funkcija, komplikacijos po transplantacijos. Tikslas. Kepenų transplantacija yra rutininis kepenų terminalinio funkcijos nepakankamumo gydymo būdas Vilniaus universiteto ligoninės Santariškių klinikose (VUL SK). Labai svarbi yra pradinė persodintų kepenų funkcija, nes pagal ją galime spręsti apie tolesnę pasveikimo eigą. Pastebėta, kad po kepenų transplantacijos žymiai keičiasi kepenų fermentų koncentracijos kraujyje. Šiuo straipsniu siekiama apžvelgti VUL SK transplantacijų centro recipientų laboratorinių rodiklių kitimą po transplantacijos ir įvertinti juos atsižvelgiant į veiksnius, kurie galėjo turėti įtakos persodinto organo funkcijai. Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. Atlikta retrospektyvinė 57 pacientų laboratorinių tyrimų rezultatų analizė po ortotopinių kepenų transplantacijų, kurios buvo atliktos VUL SK nuo 2005 metų liepos iki 2014 m. rugpjūčio mėnesio. Pooperacinis sergamumas buvo vertintas pagal tai, ar pooperacinis laikotarpis komplikavosi hematoma, tulžies latakų nesandarumu, kraujagyslių tromboze arba ankstyva mirtimi. Taip pat buvo atsižvelgta į konservanto kiekį, panaudotą transplantatui plauti, kraujo netektį, šaltos ir šiltos išemijos laiką, MELD rodiklį. Vertinimas vyko naudojant ASAT, ALAT, ŠF, GGT, LDH, laktatų, bilirubino (tiesioginio, netiesioginio) ir protrombino aktyvumo rodiklius pirmomis septyniomis pooperacinėmis dienomis. Buvo siekiama nustatyti statistiškai reikšmingą šių duomenų vertės kitimą, siejamą su pooperacinėmis komplikacijomis ir kitais minėtais veiksniais. Rezultatai. Lyginant recipientų grupių ASAT ir LDH koncentracijas, kurie po transplantacijos turėjo komplikacijų ir kurie jų neturėjo, rastas statistiškai patikimas skirtumas nuo 2 paros po operacijos. Tarp konservanto kiekio, naudojamo plauti, ir kepenų fermentų dinamikos koreliacijos nerasta. Tačiau pacientų grupėje, kurioje buvo naudota ≤11 litrų skysčių – tulžies latakų nesandarumo atvejų buvo 4,3 karto mažiau ir kitos komplikacijos buvo retesnės. Šalta ir šilta išemija neturi statistiškai patikimos koreliacijos su fermentų dinamika. Pacientų grupėje, kurių transplantato šaltoji išemija truko <440 minučių, tulžies latakų nesandarumo atvejų buvo 5 kartus mažiau. Šilta išemija komplikacijų dažniui įtakos neturi. Nustatytas statistiškai patikimas ryšys tarp MELD rodiklio ir kraujo netekties (p < 0,05). Išvados. Recipientų, kurie po transplantacijos patyrė komplikacijų, ASAT ir LDH koncentracijos nuo antros paros buvo statistiškai patikimai didesnės. Naudojant ≤11 litrų konservanto plovimui ir esant trumpesnei šaltajai išemijai, mažėja tulžies latakų nesandarumo dažnis. Kuo didesnis MELD rodiklis, tuo didesnė prognozuojama kraujo netektis. Kepenų transplantato funkcijai po operacijos įtakos turi ir kiti veiksniai, kurie turėtų būti apžvelgiami tolesnėse studijose.
Dainininkų disfonijos skriningas klausimynais
Authors: Pribuišienė Rūta , Mačionytė Gabrielė , Uloza Virgilijus
Published: August 2015

Reikšminiai žodžiai: disfonija, skriningas, dainininkai, BNI, GFI. Darbo tikslas. Įvertinti Lietuvoje validizuotų balso funkcijos klausimynų tinkamumą dainininkų disfonijos skriningui. Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. Naudojant 4 klausimų Gerklų funkcijos indeksą (GFI) ir 30 klausimų Balso neįgalumo indeksą (BNI), disfonijos skriningas atliktas 90 suaugusių dainininkų (skriningo grupė). Rezultatai palyginti su 30 laringologiškai sveikų dainininkų ir 50 ne dainininkų (kontrolinių grupių) tyrimais. Nustatyti ir tarpusavyje palyginti grupių indeksų patologinių reikšmių (GFI > 3 balų, BNI > 18 balų) dažnis (proc.) bei vidurkiai. Ištirta indeksų reikšmių priklausomybė nuo balso lavinimo pobūdžio ir krūvio (KLASAK). Rezultatai. Dainininkų grupių (skriningo ir kontrolinės) GFI ir BNI klausimynų patologinių reikšmių dažnis statistiškai patikimai nesiskyrė (p > 0,05). Patologinės GFI ir BNI reikšmės (įtariama disfonija) nustatytos 33,3 proc. ir 32,2 proc. skriningo grupės bei atitinkamai 23,3 proc. ir 20 proc. kontrolinės grupės dainininkų. Kontrolinėje ne dainininkų grupėje patologinės GFI reikšmės nustatytos 6 proc., patologinis BNI – nė vienam tiriamajam. Įtariamos disfonijos grupės balso indeksų vidurkiai patikimai skyrėsi nuo kontrolinės sveikų dainininkų ir ne dainininkų grupių rodmenų (p < 0,001). Nustatytas statistiškai patikimas skirtumas (p < 0,05) tarp skriningo grupės tariamai sveikų ir kontrolinės grupės sveikų dainininkų GFI bei skriningo grupės tariamai sveikų dainininkų ir sveikų nedainuojančių asmenų BNI vidurkių. GFI ir BNI reikšmės nepriklausė nuo balso lavinimo pobūdžio ar krūvio (p > 0,05). Išvados. Atliktas darbas parodė, jog dainininkų disfonijos skriningui GFI ir BNI yra netinkami. Skriningą optimizuotų validizuotas lietuviškas dainininkų BNI klausimynas.
Pažintinių funkcijų sutrikimų įtakos gyvenimo kokybei ligoniams po širdies operacijų teorinis pagrindimas
Authors: Bendikaitė Rūta , Vimantaitė Renata
Published: August 2015

Reikšminiai žodžiai: pažintinių funkcijų sutrikimai, gyvenimo kokybė, širdies operacijos, planuoto elgesio teorija, teigiamos psichikos sveikatos modelis. Darbo tikslas. Teoriškai pagrįsti pažintinių funkcijų sutrikimų įtaką gyvenimo kokybei ligoniams po širdies operacijų remiantis planuoto elgesio teorija ir teigiamos psichikos sveikatos modeliu. Apibendrinimas. Pooperaciniu laikotarpiu pacientų sveikimą ir grįžimą prie įprasto gyvenimo ritmo, net jei fizinė savijauta gera, dažnai apsunkina rečiau ir sunkiau diagnozuojamos neuropsichologinės komplikacijos [3]. Pažintinių funkcijų sutrikimas yra reikšmingai susijęs su sutrikusia kasdiene veikla, sumažėjusiu funkciniu pajėgumu, dažnesniais psichikos sutrikimais, depresijos atvejais, taip pat mažesnis teigiamas bendras sveikatos vertinimas [22]. Sutrikusios pažintinės funkcijos (suvokimas, mąstymas, trumpalaikė atmintis ir t. t.) daro neigiamą įtaką paciento reakcijai į aplinkos dirgiklius, savęs suvokimui kaip asmenybei. Pažinimo funkcijų sutrikimai, net jei nėra demencijos, turi įtakos blogesnei gyvenimo kokybei, didina negalią, neuropsichiatrinius simptomus, taip pat ir didėjančias sveikatos priežiūros išlaidas [1, 3, 23]. Tokio ligonio priklausomybė nuo aplinkos bus padidėjusi, kuri parodo, kokia yra jo psichikos sveikata, sumažėjęs atsparumas stresui. Taip pat svarbi pažintinių funkcijų sutrikimų pasekmė yra pablogėjęs sprendimų priėmimas [14, 15]. Remiantis planuoto elgesio teorija ir teigiamos psichinės sveikatos modeliu galima teigti, jog svarbiausia yra paciento psichikos sveikata, kad jis būtų pajėgus savarankiškai priimti sprendimus, susijusius su jo sveikatos gerinimu. Tik psichiškai sveikas žmogus gali valdyti savo emocijas, būti savarankiškas, suvokti tikslus ir pagal juos atitinkamai elgtis. Todėl apibendrintai galima teigti, jog pažintinių funkcijų sutrikimai turi neigiamos įtakos ligonio savarankiškumui, suvokimui apie socialinę įtaką, pajėgumui atlikti tam tikrą elgesį. O tai turi tiesioginės įtakos jo gyvenimo kokybei. Išvados. Remiantis teigiamos psichikos sveikatos modeliu ir planuoto elgesio teorija, apibendrintai galima teigti, kad ligonio, kurio sutrikusios pažintinės funkcijos po širdies operacijų, bus sumažėjęs savarankiškumas, nepriklausomybė, savęs kaip asmenybės vertinimas, aplinkos valdymas, sprendimų priėmimas, turės neigiamos įtakos jo nuostatoms elgesio atžvilgiu, kurios parodo, kaip ligonis vertina savo elgesį. Pažintinių funkcijų sutrikimai daro neigiamą įtaką suvokiamai elgesio kontrolei, kuri atspindi asmens suvokimą ir kiek jo elgesys priklauso nuo jo valios. Ligonio nepalankios nuostatos elgesio atžvilgiu, sumažėjusios galimybės, pajėgumas ir motyvacija neigiamai veikia jo ketinimus, kurie atsispindi jo elgesyje.
Social Educator’s Attitude to Team Activity in School
Authors: Čiužas Renaldas , Monkevičius Justinas
Published: August 2015

Social educators, by providing social and educational assistance to students and by organizing social education in schools, achieves the best results by working in teams of specialists with appropriate communication and collaboration skills and able to respond flexibly to the changing needs of learners and the specific situation. Social educators in schools usually play role of the initiator of team building. Purpose of this article is to reveal the attitudes of the social educator’s to team activity in school. The method of scientific literature analysis was used. This paper describes research data, which were collected through written survey method. In order to reveal the attitudes to team activity in school of social educator’s a structured questionnaire was developed. The questionnaire consisted of 22 items, demonstrating social educators’ attitudes to teamwork in schools, 11 statements that reveal the school principals’ behavior and attitude towards teamwork in school, 11 statements that reveal the social capacity of educators to work in a team and a block of statements to gather contextual information. Likert scale was used in assessment of statements. The study involved 248 Lithuanian general education school social educators. With each respondent were contacted via email and asked to participate in the study. The questionnaires were sent to the respondents and receive from them by e-mail. The study was conducted in school year 2011/2012. All 248 completed questionnaires have been used by the data analysis.The survey results revealed that:Socio-educational assistance to students in schools or the social process of social educational in schools usually involves teams. Social educator usually plays the team builder’s initiator’s role in schools.Social educators are satisfied with their daily activities. Thy and their opinion are appreciated in school. On the view of social educators, school community is open to teamwork: community discusses and speaks about the problems; the school staff is ready to help and assist their colleagues. School leaders supports team activities in schools; promote the creativity of school community, gives freedom to act.Social educators consider the importance of their personal planning, the proper functioning in unexpected situations and problem-solving skills that are necessary regardless of whether the work is individuall or teamwork. Social educators consider also the importance of ability to help others, to discuss argumentatively, to engage others to common activities, to coordinate the group (a few people) activities. These abilities are very important and necessary for teamwork in school. School educators would like to improve conflict situations solutions skills, engaging others to common activities skills, and proper functioning in unexpected situations skills, that are very important for teamwork.
Analysis of the changes and difficulties arising from kidney transplantation: a qualitative study
Authors: Brito Daniela Cristina Sampaio de , Paula Alessandra Moregola de , Grincenkov Fabiane Rossi dos Santos , Lucchetti Giancarlo , Sanders-Pinheiro Hélady
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE: to identify the main gains and stressors perceived by the patient, one year subsequent to kidney transplantation.METHOD: a qualitative study, in which the data were obtained and analyzed through the Discourse of the Collective Subject and frequency counting, with the participation of 50 patients who had received kidney transplantation.RESULTS: the sample presented a mean age of 44±12.8 years old, and a predominance of males (62%). The principal positive changes provided by the transplant were: return to activities; freedom/independence; well-being and health; strengthening of the I; and closening of interpersonal relationships. The most-cited stressors were: fear; medication; excess of care/control; specific characteristics of the treatment; and failure to return to the social roles.CONCLUSION: kidney transplantation caused various positive changes in the patient's routine, with the return to activities of daily living being the most important gain, in the participants' opinion. In relation to the stressors, fear related to loss of the graft, and questions relating to the immunosuppressive medication were the main challenges to be faced following transplantation.
Academic training of nursing professionals and its relevance to the workplace
Authors: Ortega Maria del Carmen Barbera , Cecagno Diana , Llor Ana Myriam Seva , Siqueira Hedi Crecencia Heckler de , Montesinos Maria José López , Soler Loreto Maciá
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE: to identify the training nursing professionals receive and its relevance to the workplace, as well as professional demand for continuous education.METHODOLOGY: this was a descriptive observational study using a questionnaire entitled "Training and Adaptation of the Nursing Professional to the Workplace" available at: http://enfermeriadocente.es for nursing professionals.RESULTS: 53.8% of nurses do not consider the training received to be relevant to the needs of the workplace and 94.2% reported that linking academic education to the workplace impacts on the quality of care provided.CONCLUSIONS: Nursing professionals think that continuous education needs to be adjusted to their jobs and careers. Education should be viewed as a continuum, which begins with training.
Desenvolvimento da metodologia para síntese do poli(ácido lático-co-ácido glicólico) para utilização na produção de fontes radioativas
Authors: Peleias Junior Fernando dos Santos , Zeituni Carlos Alberto , Rostelato Maria Elisa Chuery Martins , Fechine Guilhermino José Macêdo , Souza Carla Daruich de , Mattos Fábio Rodrigues de , Santana de Moura Eduardo , Moura João Augusto , Benega Marcos Antônio Gimenes , Feher Anselmo , Costa Osvaldo Luiz da , Rodrigues Bruna Teiga
Published: August 2015

Resumo

A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) relata o câncer como uma das principais causas de morte no mundo. Uma modalidade de tratamento que vem sendo bastante utilizada no tratamento do câncer de próstata é a braquiterapia, que consiste na introdução de sementes com material radioativo no interior do orgão. Sementes de Iodo-125 podem ser inseridas soltas ou em cordas poliméricas fabricadas a partir do (poli(ácido lático-co-ácido glicólico)) (PLGA). Foi proposto neste trabalho, o estudo e desenvolvimento da metodologia de síntese do biopolímero PLGA. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que, através da metodologia utilizada, foi possível determinar os melhores parâmetros de reação (tempo e temperatura) para o PLGA na proporção 80/20 (lactídeo/glicolídeo). Com uma temperatura de 110 °C e tempo de reação 72h o rendimento da reação é superior a 90%. Os valores de massas moleculares obtidas entre os testes, ainda são baixos quando comparados com os valores obtidos por outros autores na literatura. Novos testes estão sendo conduzidos, utilizando dímeros preparados no laboratório. Testes substituindo o vácuo por uma atmosfera de nitrogênio também estão sendo realizados. Essas duas substituições podem aumentar o valor final da massa molecular do polímero. Em relação à caracterização, as técnicas utilizadas confirmaram a estrutura esperada do polímero.
Desenvolvimento de cultivares de soja em função do grupo de maturação e tipo de crescimento em terras altas e terras baixas
Authors: Zanon Alencar Junior , Winck José Eduardo Minussi , Streck Nereu Augusto , Rocha Thiago Schmitz Marques da , Cera Jossana Ceolin , Richter Gean Leonardo , Lago Isabel , Santos Patrícia Marques dos , Maciel Leandro da Rosa , Guedes Jerson Vanderlei Carús , Marchesan Enio
Published: August 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o desenvolvimento de cultivares de soja com diferentes grupos de maturação e tipos de crescimento em terras altas e terras baixas no Rio Grande do Sul. Foram conduzidas nove épocas de semeadura em Santa Maria (ambiente de terras altas) e uma época de semeadura em Capão do Leão (ambiente de terras baixas) durante os anos agrícolas 2010/2011, 2011/2012 e 2012/2013, com 11 cultivares de soja. O delineamento experimental em todos os experimentos foi blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas. Foi quantificada a duração, em ºC dia, do ciclo de desenvolvimento, da fase vegetativa e reprodutiva, e do período entre a data que ocorreu o início do florescimento e o número final de nós para todas as épocas e locais de semeadura. Houve redução da duração da fase reprodutiva, do ciclo total de desenvolvimento (exceto algumas cultivares semeadas em setembro), com o atraso da data de semeadura independentemente do grupo de maturação e tipo de crescimento. As semeaduras de setembro, janeiro e fevereiro promovem uma redução da fase vegetativa na maioria das cultivares quando comparadas com a época recomendada (novembro e dezembro). Cultivares indeterminadas apresentam um maior período de sobreposição das fases vegetativa e reprodutiva do que as cultivares determinadas em todas as épocas e locais de cultivo. O desenvolvimento da soja é similar quando cultivada em terras altas e terras baixas.
A Estratégia de Saúde da Família no setor suplementar: a adoção do modelo de atenção primária na empresa de autogestão
Authors: Barbosa Mayara Lima , Celino Suely Deysny de Matos , Costa Gabriela Maria Cavalcanti
Published: August 2015

Objetivou-se analisar a operacionalização da Estratégia de Saúde da Família em uma empresa do sistema de saúde suplementar. Estudo de caso realizado em unidades clínicas estaduais da operadora de plano de saúde, nas cidades de João Pessoa, Recife e Natal, nordeste do Brasil. Entrevistas semiestruturadas foram realizadas com gerentes e profissionais da saúde. Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Foram realizadas 24 entrevistas, das quais emergiram duas categorias. A organização assistencial, que aborda a composição/atribuições dos profissionais e o cadastramento dos participantes; e processos assistenciais, composta pelas subcategorias: vínculo, cobertura assistencial/integralidade e programas de promoção da saúde. A iniciativa da empresa constitui um avanço para as práticas desenvolvidas no setor e ainda é capaz de melhorar a saúde dos usuários.
Evolução do crédito industrial no Brasil: uma análise a partir de fatores macroeconômicos
Authors: Tristão Pâmela Amado , Bender Filho Reisoli , Coronel Daniel Arruda
Published: August 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em analisar a influência das variáveis macroeconômicas sobre o crédito industrial no Brasil, no período pós-estabilização. Essa discussão tem como cenário, de um lado, a trajetória descendente do crédito industrial nos anos recentes e, de outro, as políticas expansionistas destinadas à indústria. Para o alcance dos objetivos, foi estimado um modelo de correção de erros com o qual foi possível analisar as dinâmicas de longo e de curto prazo. Os resultados apontam para a recorrente influência da taxa de câmbio e do produto agregado na explicação do comportamento das operações de crédito industrial na economia brasileira, tanto no curto quanto no longo prazo. Além disso, salientam-se os efeitos mais prolongados do produto sobre o crédito industrial, enquanto que as variáveis de política, à exceção do câmbio, apresentaram efeitos temporários.
Trabalho infantil no Brasil urbano: qual a importância da estrutura familiar?
Authors: Mesquita Shirley Pereira de , Ramalho Hilton Martins de Brito
Published: August 2015

O artigo investiga a importância da estrutura familiar na determinação do trabalho infantil no meio urbano do Brasil. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados do Censo Demográfico de 2010 e um modelo probit para a decisão de oferta de trabalho infantil. Os resultados mostraram que meninos, com 14 anos de idade e cujo pai (mãe) não tem instrução, são mais propensos à entrada precoce no mercado de trabalho. Também foram achadas evidências de que crianças de lares com mãe solteira têm maior chance de trabalharem quando comparadas com crianças oriundas de domicílios biparentais sob responsabilidade do pai e com padrão de renda similar. A condição desfavorável das crianças em lares monoparentais apenas é eliminada quando a renda domiciliar alcança um patamar elevado o bastante para reduzir fortemente a probabilidade de trabalho infantil. A diferença de probabilidade de trabalho infantil entre famílias monoparentais e biparentais é explicada principalmente por diferenças de comportamento entre os tipos de família.
Robot-assisted needle insertion for venous catheterization
Authors: Pasternak Jacyr
Published: August 2015

Vein access can be challenging for a variety of patients. The development of robots-assisted central or peripheral veins puncture would facilitate life of health professionals and patients. New robots are under development for this purpose and probably they will become available for practical use in the near future. These techniques may decrease significantly the cost of medicine, which currently uses less informatics resources than other industries.
An update of neurological manifestations of vasculitides and connective tissue diseases: a literature review
Authors: Bougea Anastasia , Anagnostou Evangelos , Spandideas Nikolaos , Triantafyllou Nikolaos , Kararizou Evangelia
Published: August 2015

Vasculitides comprise a heterogeneous group of autoimmune disorders, occurring as primary or secondary to a broad variety of systemic infectious, malignant or connective tissue diseases. The latter occur more often but their pathogenic mechanisms have not been fully established. Frequent and varied central and peripheral nervous system complications occur in vasculitides and connective tissue diseases. In many cases, the neurological disorders have an atypical clinical course or even an early onset, and the healthcare professionals should be aware of them. The purpose of this brief review was to give an update of the main neurological disorders of common vasculitis and connective tissue diseases, aiming at accurate diagnosis and management, with an emphasis on pathophysiologic mechanisms.
SPHERES: Backscattering spectrometer
Authors: Zamponi Michaela , Khaneft Marina
Published: August 2015

SPHERES (SPectrometer for High Energy RESolution), operated by JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich, is a third-generation neutron backscattering spectrometer with focussing optics and a phase-space-transform chopper. It enables the investigation of atomic and molecular dynamics with an energy resolution of about 0.65 μeV in a dynamic range of ± 31 μeV.
PGAA: Prompt gamma and in-beam neutron activation analysis facility
Authors: Revay Zsolt
Published: August 2015

Prompt gamma-ray activation analysis (PGAA) is typically used for the determination of elemental composition and concentration of solid samples (ca. down to ppm range). Liquids and gaseous samples can also be measured. The instrument PGAA is operated by the Institute of Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne and the Technische Universität München.
Qualidade de mudas de cedro em função da utilização de fertilizantes e recipientes de diferentes tamanhos
Authors: De Castro Pias Osmar Henrique , Berghetti Juliano , Somavilla Lucindo , Cantarelli Edison Bisognin
Published: August 2015

A produção de mudas de qualidade, aliada a um baixo custo, é fundamental para o sucesso dos projetos florestais. Neste sentido, a escolha correta da fonte de fertilizante e do tipo de recipiente é essencial. Diante disso, objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar a qualidade de mudas de Cedro-rosa em função do uso de fertilizantes e recipientes com diferentes tamanhos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3 x 3 (recipientes com diferentes tamanhos x fontes de fertilizante), com três repetições. Os recipientes testados foram: vasos plástico (3.000 cm3), sacos plásticos (1.000 cm3) e tubetes (175 cm3). As fontes de fertilizante foram: Osmocote®, Kimcoat® e convencional. Aos 90 dias pós o transplantio foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações nas mudas: altura, diâmetro de colo, área foliar, comprimento radicular, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca das raízes e massa seca total. Essas variáveis foram utilizadas para o cálculo do índice de qualidade de Dickson. As mudas produzidas em vasos plásticos e sacos plásticos foram as que apresentaram a melhor qualidade, embora as primeiras tenham apresentado maiores valores numéricos. O fertilizante Osmocote® foi os melhores níveis de qualidade das mudas de Cedro-rosa, contudo, seus valores não diferiram da fonte de fertilizante convencional. Visando a redução dos custos na produção de mudas de Cedro-rosa, pode-se recomendar a utilização do recipiente saco plástico e fertilizante convencional.
Floating wetland islands as a method of nitrogen mass reduction: results of a 1 year test
Authors: Vázquez-Burney Rafael , Bays James , Messer Ryan , Harris Jeffrey
Published: August 2015

Floating wetland islands (FWIs) were tested in Pasco County, Florida, as a method of reducing total nitrogen (TN) in reclaimed water during reservoir storage. The Pasco County Master Reuse System (PCMRS) is a regional reclaimed-water transmission and distribution system providing wastewater effluent disposal for the county. Total daily mass loading from reclaimed water is limited by nitrogen content in the PCMRS watershed. To test TN reduction efficacy, 20 FWIs were constructed, installed, and monitored in a lined pond receiving PCMRS reclaimed water. In total, 149 m2 of FWIs were installed, distributed as a connected network covering 1,122 m2, or 7% of pond area. Pond hydraulic residence time averaged 15.7 days. Treatment performance was assessed during three consecutive periods: establishment (first 6 months of grow-in), performance (8 months immediately following grow-in), and control (3 months after the FWIs were removed from the pond). The FWIs enhanced pond nitrogen removal capacity by 32%. The primary effect of the FWIs was to decrease organic nitrogen in the pond outflow. By evaluating the difference between the performance and control periods, an incremental TN removal rate for the FWIs was calculated to be 4.2 kg N/m2 FWI per year.
Examination of Pb2+ bio-sorption onto Rhodotorula mucilaginosa using response surface methodology
Authors: Jiang Bin-hui , Zhao Yan , Zhao Xin , Hu Xiao-min , Li Li
Published: August 2015

With the rapid industrial development, wastewater has been a risk for environmental contamination. We aimed to explore the optimum condition and mechanism of Pb2+ bio-sorption onto Rhodotorula mucilaginosa WT6-5. Optimization of initial concentration of Pb2+, initial pH, and adsorption time for Pb2+ bio-sorption onto R. mucilaginosa WT6-5 was performed using response surface methodology. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray detection, X-ray fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to analyze the mechanisms and characteristics of Pb2+ bio-sorption. A maximum Pb2+ bio-sorption capacity of 1.45 mg/g was obtained under the optimal conditions of initial concentration of Pb2+ (30 mg/L), initial pH (5.45) and adsorption time (25 minutes). Some Pb2+ remained after adsorption, and the –OH, –C=O and C–O functional groups were primarily involved in Pb2+ bio-sorption onto R. mucilaginosa WT6-5. The mechanism of Pb2+ bio-sorption involved chemical and biological actions, ion exchange and functional groups effects.
The Effect of Flapless and Full-thickness Flap Techniques on Implant Stability During the Healing Period
Authors: AL-Juboori Mohammed Jasim , AbdulRahaman Shafluzan Bin
Published: August 2015

Purpose: When soft tissue flaps are reflected for implant placement, the blood supply from the periosteum to the bone is disrupted. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the flapless (FL) and full-thickness flap (FT) techniques on implant stability.Methods:Nine patients received 22 implants. The implants were placed using the FL technique on the contralateral side of the jaw; the FT technique was used as the control technique. Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) was performed at the time of implant placement and at 6 and 12 weeks after implant placement. RFA values were compared between the FL and FT groups and between time intervals in the same group.Results:The median (interquartile range [IQR]) RFA values at the time of implant placement were 75.00 (15.00) for the FL technique and 75.00 (9.00) for the FT technique. At 6 weeks, the median (IQR) values were 79 (3.30) for the FL technique and 80 (12.70) for the FT technique. At 12 weeks, the median (IQR) values were 82.3 (3.30) for the FL technique and 82.6 (8.00) for the FT technique. There were no significant differences between the 2 techniques at the time of implant placement, after 6 weeks or after 12 weeks, with p values of 0.994, 0.789, and 0.959, respectively. There were significant differences between the RFA values at the time of implant placement and after 6 weeks for the FL technique (p=0.028) but not for the FT technique (p=0.091). There were also significant differences between the RFA values at 6 weeks and the RFA values at 12 weeks for the FL technique (p=0.007) and for the FT technique (p=0.003).Conclusion:Periosteum preservation during the FL procedure will speed up bone remodeling and result in early secondary implant stability as well as early loading.
Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonisation in children aged under six years with acute respiratory tract infection in Lithuania, February 2012 to March 2013
Authors: Usonis V , Stacevičienė I , Petraitienė S , Vaičiūnienė D , Alasevičius T , Kirslienė J
Published: August 2015

Data on distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SPn) serotypes among children in Lithuania are limited. A prospective study was carried out from February 2012 to March 2013 to evaluate the circulation of SPn serotypes among young children in five cities of Lithuania before the introduction of universal vaccination with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV). A total of 900 children under six years of age who presented to primary care centres or a hospital emergency department with acute respiratory tract infection (RTI) were enrolled in the study. The SPn colonisation rate was 40.8% (367/900), with a peak at two and three years-old (48.8% and 45.4%, respectively). Of the 367 SPn isolates, the most common serotypes were 6B (15.8%, n = 58), 19F (13.9%, n = 51), 23F (13.9%, n = 51), 15 (10.1%, n = 37), 14 (9.5%, n = 35), 6A (9.3%, n= 34), 11 (4.6%, n = 17), 3 (3.0%, n = 11) and 18C (3.0%, n = 11); less frequent were 23 (non-23F) (2.7%, n = 10), 19A (2.2%, n = 8) and 9V (1.6%, n = 6). Serotypes 6A and 11 were more common in children under two years-old; 18C was found only in children aged two to five years. The serotypes found might be an important predictor of the likely effectiveness of the PCVs currently available in Lithuania.
An overview of the HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men in the United Kingdom, 1999–2013
Authors: Desai S , Croxford S , Brown A E , Mitchell H , Hughes G , Delpech V
Published: August 2015

We describe epidemiological trends in HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United Kingdom (UK) to inform prevention strategies. National HIV surveillance data were analysed for trends. Multivariable analyses identified predictors of late diagnosis (<350 copies/µL) and mortality. Between 1999 and 2013, 37,560 MSM (≥15 years) were diagnosed with HIV in the UK. New diagnoses rose annually from 1,440 in 1999 to 3,250 in 2013. The majority of MSM were of white ethnicity (85%) and UK-born (68%). Median CD4 count increased steadily from 350 cells/µL to 463 cells/µL. HIV testing in England increased from 10,900 tests in 1999 to 102,600 in 2013. One-year death rates after diagnosis declined among late presenters (4.7% to 1.9%). Despite declining late diagnosis (50% to 31%), the number of men diagnosed late annually has remained high since 2004. Older age (≥50 years), and living outside London were predictors of late presentation; older age and late presentation were predictors of one-year mortality. Increases in new diagnoses reflect increased testing and ongoing transmission. Over 900 men present late each year and mortality in this group remains high and preventable. Appropriate prevention and testing strategies require strengthening to reduce HIV transmission and late diagnosis.
Incident risk factors as predictors of HIV seroconversion in the Lisbon cohort of men who have sex with men: first results, 2011–2014
Authors: Meireles P , Lucas R , Carvalho C , Fuertes R , Brito J , Campos M J , Mendão L , Barros H
Published: August 2015

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Contribution of transmission in HIV-positive men who have sex with men to evolving epidemics of sexually transmitted infections in England: an analysis using multiple data sources, 2009–2013
Authors: Malek R , Mitchell H , Furegato M , Simms I , Mohammed H , Nardone A , Hughes G
Published: August 2015

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Human case of Onchocerca lupi infection, Germany, August 2014
Authors: Bergua A , Hohberger B , Held J , Muntau B , Tannich E , Tappe D
Published: August 2015

Onchocerca lupi, a nematode parasite infecting dogs and cats with a hitherto unknown arthropod vector, is also being recognised as a parasite also responsible for human eye infections. Here we describe a case of human eye infection diagnosed molecularly by nematode 12S rDNA PCR in a German patient who had travelled to Tunisia and Turkey. The patient recovered after treatment with antibiotic and anti-inflammatory therapy.
Public health response to two incidents of confirmed MERS-CoV cases travelling on flights through London Heathrow Airport in 2014 – lessons learnt
Authors: Parry-Ford F , Boddington N , Pebody R , Phin N , on behalf of the Incident Management Team Collective
Published: August 2015

In May 2014, Public Health England was alerted to two separate laboratory-confirmed cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection who transited through London Heathrow Airport while symptomatic on flights from Saudi Arabia to the United States of America. We present the rationale for the public health response to both incidents, and report results of contact tracing. Following a risk assessment, passengers seated two seats around the cases were prioritised for contact tracing and a proactive media approach was used to alert all passengers on the planes of their possible exposure in both incidents. In total, 64 United Kingdom (UK) residents were successfully contacted, 14 of whom were sat in the priority area two seats all around the case(s). Five passengers reported respiratory symptoms within 14 days of the flight, but all tested were negative for MERS-CoV. Details of non-UK residents were passed on to relevant World Health Organization International Health Regulation focal points for follow-up, and no further cases were reported back. Different approaches were used to manage contact tracing for each flight due to variations in the quality and timeliness of the passenger contact information provided by the airlines involved. No evidence of symptomatic onward transmission was found.
The Italian registry of cystic echinococcosis (RIEC): the first prospective registry with a European future
Authors: Tamarozzi F , Rossi P , Galati F , Mariconti M , Nicoletti G J , Rinaldi F , Casulli A , Pozio E , Brunetti E
Published: August 2015

Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a worldwide zoonosis, is highly endemic in southern and eastern Europe. Its actual prevalence is unknown due to the lack of efficient reporting systems designed to take into account the particular features of the disease. Neglect of CE makes diagnosis and clinical management difficult outside referral centres, with inconsistencies in clinical practice and often unnecessary procedures carried out that have associated risks and costs. The Italian registry of CE (RIEC) is a prospective multicentre registry of CE patients seen from January 2012 in Italian health centres; data are voluntarily submitted to the registry. Its aims are to show the prevalence of CE in Italy, bring the importance of this infection to the attention of health authorities, encourage public health policies towards its control, and stimulate biological, epidemiological and clinical research on CE. From January 2012 to February 2014, a total 346 patients were enrolled in 11 centres, outnumbering national reports of many CE-endemic European countries. We discuss preliminary data and challenges of the RIEC, template for the European registry of CE, which has been implemented within the Seventh Framework Programme project HERACLES (Human cystic Echinococcosis ReseArch in CentraL and Eastern Societies) since September 2014.
Ten years experience of syndromic surveillance for civil and military public health, France, 2004-2014
Authors: Caserio-Schönemann C , Meynard J B
Published: August 2015

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Coincidental detection of the first outbreak of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae colonisation in a primary care hospital, Finland, 2013
Authors: Kanerva M , Skogberg K , Ryynänen K , Pahkamäki A , Jalava J , Ollgren J , Tarkka E , Lyytikäinen O
Published: August 2015

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