bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RISK FACTORS FOR WOUND DEHISCENCE AFTER LAPAROTOMY:
A CASE-CONTROL STUDY
Authors: Poškus Tomas , Mačiūnas Vilius , Kryžauskas Marius , Mikalauskas Saulius , Danys Donatas , Jotautas Valdemaras , Poškus Eligijus , Strupas Kęstutis
Published: July 2017

Background. Wound dehiscence is a life-threatening
complication with the mortality rate up to 25 %. The
objective of this study is to identify the risk factors
for wound dehiscence after midline laparotomy in
adult population.
Methods. The case control study of patients, operated
from January 2012 to May 2016, was performed.
Patients, who underwent repeated laparotomy for
wound dehiscence, were the cases group. Each case
was matched by 3 control group patients undergoing
similar primary operation. Following characteristics
were observed: demographic, past medical and social
history, concomitant diseases, intraoperative details,
postoperative outcomes and were compared between
the groups. Difference was significant, if p value was
less than 0.05.
Results. 100 patients were included in the study.
There were 25 (25 %) patients of the cases group and
75 (75 %) patient of the control group. The majority
of the patients were males (69 %). The mean age was
66.7 ± 10.8 years. Three risk factors were identified in
the univariate analysis: male gender (88.0 %), wound
infection (56 %) and cardiovascular diseases (88 %)
for wound dehiscence with the mortality rate of 20 %.
Conclusions. Wound dehiscence is a serious complication
with a high mortality rate. The identification
of preoperative and early postoperative risk factors
may allow preventing and reduce the rate of wound
dehiscence.
O perfil da elite dirigente goiana na primeira metade do século XIX
Authors: Vieira Martha Victor
Published: July 2017

Este artigo analisa o perfil da elite goiana que possuía poder político na primeira metade do século XIX. Para fazer essa análise, tomarei como amostragem a trajetória de seis indivíduos que prestaram serviços ao Governo Imperial e contribuíram para a administração da província de Goiás. Os critérios de diferenciação que conferiram notabilidade e reconhecimento público a esses indivíduos foram: o poder aquisitivo, o exercício de cargo público, a patente militar, a habilidade letrada e as funções religiosas. A trajetória dessas elites demonstra que, apesar dos enfrentamentos entre as facções dominantes, ocorridos na época da Independência e no início do Período Regencial, havia um conjunto de experiências e expectativas comuns que norteavam as ações políticas dos dirigentes goianos.
Os Últimos dias da Crítica
Authors: Teles da Silveira Ronie Alexsandro
Published: July 2017

As ciências humanas têm historicamente fornecido o espaço para que se articulem intervenções políticas com o propósito de alterar o mundo. Essa função se tornou possível em função do caráter crítico que geralmente reconhecemos estar ligado às ciências humanas. Por sua vez, a crítica é derivada de uma situação de distanciamento epistemológico muito peculiar. Nos últimos tempos, a crítica da crítica colocou sob suspeita todo esse aparato epistemológico, impossibilitando que a crítica continue sendo adotada pelas ciências humanas. Esse artigo visa tornar evidentes essas dificuldades e encaminhar uma possível solução para contorná-las, a despeito dos prejuízos que isso parece envolver.
La zona patrimonial de riotinto desde una mirada decolonial: ¿qué es de los huertos mineros del periodo colonial britanico (1873-1954)?
Authors: González Herrero Francisco Javier
Published: July 2017

Antes da chegada do consistório britânico ao Riotinto (Huelva) em 1873,
a aldeia de La Mina era a mais próxima da exploração mineira, posteriormente e devido ao avanço dos trabalhos de extração desapareceu. Se a empresa britânica iniciou a destruição do povoado original de Riotinto, também deu início à construção do que hoje é a Mina de Riotinto. A circunvizinhança narra que desde o ano 2012, com a categoria de proteção da Área Patrimonial, essa denominação se concede a aqueles lugares de amplitude territorial e diacrônica
de elementos significativos. A etapa britânica foi a chave para a aquisição da citada categoria patrimonial, de forma que o reconhecido legado britânico de Riotinto é isso, britânico, sua arquitetura, métodos de exploração, melhorias sociais e comunicações, são os que na atualidade têm tornado as estruturas municipais de El Campillo, Minas de Riotinto e Nerva em Área Patrimonial. Nem os trabalhos desenvolvidos desde a perspectiva antropológica e, menos ainda os de outras disciplinas, têm desenvolvido leituras da realidade social local desde a “outreidade”, parece como se a comunidade mineira, além de mineira, não fosse nada. As leituras desde a perspectiva antropológica se enquadram
em metodologias neocoloniais como a identidade mineira, a transformação do território devido à exploração mineira, os conflitos entre patrão e mineiro ou o suprimento do trabalho do mineiro. O sobredimensionamento do único signo de identidade tem reduzido a riqueza cultural de toda uma comunidade ao que a modernidade definiu a partir do individualismo, formalismo, capitalismo e industrialismo.
Los museos de antropología: del colonialismo al multiculturalismo. Debates y estrategias de adaptación ante los nuevos retos políticos, científicos y sociales
Authors: Arrieta Urtizberea Iñaki , Roigé Xavier , Van Geert Fabien
Published: July 2017

O auge dos museus de antropologia na Europa e América do Norte
foi desde a metade do século XIX até inícios do século XX. Sob o amparo do colonialismo, no aspecto político, e do evolucionismo cultural, no aspecto científico, muitos dos grandes museus de antropologia abriram as suas portas. No entanto, após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, as bases desse colonialismo começaram a ser questionadas nas grandes metrópoles e nas colônias e, muitas delas tinham iniciado o caminho da independência. Tudo isso permitiu que os museus de antropologia entrassem em crise e começassem a se reinventar, eliminando
ou minimizando toda expressão colonialista, tentando resignificar os objetivos originários dos espólios perpetrados em décadas anteriores e se adequando, além disso, a sociedades cada vez mais multiculturais. Desse modo, o objetivo deste artigo é descrever e analisar as diferentes estratégias desenvolvidas por esses museus de antropologia no processo de reinvenção. Centramo-nos nas novas propostas museugráficas e de ressignificação dos objetos coloniais e na
participação das comunidades colonizadas em décadas anteriores, ou de seus descendentes na instituição museística ou em suas propostas museógrafas.
Un relato experiencial sobre una práctica antropológia participativa con siete comunidades de chiapas
Authors: Morente Lopez Marta
Published: July 2017

Ano 2011, Chiapas, México. Diversos agentes educacionais indígenas e
assessores pedagógicos do projeto intitulado: Nueva educación Autónoma de los Pueblos Indígenas (NEAPI), observaram a necessidade de fazer uma avaliação desde o ponto de vista antropológico sobre o impacto sociocultural que a educação autônoma tinha originado nas comunidades desde seu começo no ano 1995. Para desenvolver essa avaliação, queriam ter o apoio de uma pessoa sensível à realidade
indígena camponesa, que tivesse conhecimentos de antropologia aplicada e fosse capaz de trabalhar em conjunto com as pessoas de forma recíproca e mediante à transformação conjunta. Em forma de narração experiencial e muito pessoal, o seguinte artigo descreve a experiência de investigação-ação que desenvolvi em conjunto com pessoas do projeto, as transformações do trabalho de campo
e a transformações conjuntas que vivenciamos entre as pessoas que me abriram suas comunidades. Do mesmo modo, e através de um relato, amparado mais em vivências do que no plano teórico, problematizarei os princípios metodológicos da Antropologia, pontuando a necessidade da abertura da mesma, assim como a importância de uma onda de reflexibilidade que parta dos pesquisadores, para levar ao exercício de uma ciência social descolonizada e, em cumplicidade, com
os sujeitos com os que trabalhamos.
O paradoxo do colonialismo e a desidentificação
Authors: Benevides Rubens Freitas
Published: July 2017

O texto que se segue, mais teórico que empírico, pretende expor o momento histórico no Brasil como marcado pelo que denominamos paradoxo do colonialismo. Este se constitui como o limite do processo evolutivo da sociedade brasileira e é contraposto por processos de desidentificação que ao aparecerem o fazem conforme uma “imagem dialética”. Esta categoria benjaminiana é parte da proposta do texto de contribuição para uma fundamentação do procedimento crítico nas Ciências Sociais que tem como base abrir as disciplinas para as “séries temporais heterogêneas”; para os menores indícios de formas de ruptura com a continuidade.
Os deslocamentos epistêmicos trazidos pelas Leis 10.639/2003 e 11.645/2008: possibilidades de subversão à colonialidade do currículo escolar
Authors: Siqueira Marques Eugenia Portela , Mendonça de Oliveira Calderoni Valeria Aparecida
Published: July 2017

Este artigo apresenta algumas reflexões sobre as tensões referentes à educação brasileira com respeito à inclusão da História e da Cultura Afro-Brasileira e Indígena no currículo escolar. Ancora-se nas perspectivas teóricas pós-coloniais e nas mudanças trazidas pelas leis n.º 10.639/2003 e n.º 11.645/2008, que possibilitaram um deslocamento epistêmico e questionaram a lógica hegemônica de uma cultura comum, de base ocidental e eurocêntrica, que subjugou, silenciou e inviabilizou outras lógicas e outros saberes. Identifica o Movimento Negro Brasileiro como o protagonista de um projeto educativo emancipatório, no contexto das lutas e pressões para a implementação de políticas educacionais voltadas para a superação do racismo e da desigualdade racial e a subversão epistêmica da formação docente. Discute os resultados finais de uma pesquisa realizada em escolas públicas no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul e os desafios epistemológicos enfrentados para a educação das relações étnico-raciais com outros paradigmas de se pensara diferença cultural e a desconstrução dos processos coloniais e relações de poder e saber vigentes nos currículos escolares.
Racionalidade e barbárie: a construção da ideia de progresso e seus desdobramentos na crítica e na literatura do Ocidente
Authors: Alves Daniel Vecchio
Published: July 2017

Neste artigo realizaremos um balanço crítico cultural da ideia de
progresso veiculado às estruturas de enunciação de sentimentos, experiências e percepções. Para essa abordagem, faremos uma breve análise de como a ideia de progresso foi recebida e veiculada não só por meio da crítica, mas também por meio da arte literária. Ressaltaremos pensadores e escritores que, desde o século XVIII, criticavam essa noção tecnocientífica evolutiva, partindo do princípio de que a Revolução Industrial propiciou um impacto significativamente negativo na vida dos seres humanos. Procuraremos, em síntese, desconstruir a ideia de
progresso industrial tendo como norte as reflexões de Thompson (1998), adotando a sua linha de pensamento de que não existe desenvolvimento econômico que não seja ao mesmo tempo uma transformação sociocultural.
Intelectuais africanos e estudos pós-coloniais: considerações sobre Paulin Hountondji, V. Y. Mudimbe e Achille Mbembe.
Authors: Macedo José Rivair
Published: July 2017

Ao longo do século XX intelectuais africanos desenvolveram um vasto conjunto de referenciais teóricos, conceituais e metodológicos para expressar a posição de seus coetâneos no mundo, que se tem denominado de pensamento social africano. O artigo examina as contribuições de três importantes intérpretes das questões culturais, sociais e políticas da África geralmente identificados com os estudos pós-coloniais: Paulin Hountondji, V. Y. Mudimbe e Achille Mbembe.
Duzentos anos de 1817: caminhos historiográficos e algumas discussões sobre a Revolução Pernambucana
Authors: Andrade Breno Gontijo
Published: July 2017

O artigo trabalha com a produção historiográfica da Revolução Pernambucana de 1817 ao longo de quase duzentos anos. Textos dos revolucionários, realistas, viajantes, historiadores e observadores embasam o estudo. Também questiona o esquecimento da historiografia sobre a Revolução de 1817: primeiro movimento a ter sucesso em sua declaração de independência da Coroa portuguesa; primeiro movimento a buscar ajuda política, militar e econômica de outros países; primeiro movimento a criar uma pré-constituição no Brasil; primeiro movimento a ter grande apoio da maçonaria e do clero que pegou em armas; e a ter centenas de presos acusados de crime de lesa-majestade.
As políticas públicas para o controle da hanseníase em Goiânia de 2005 a 2013
Authors: Tristão Maciel Roseli Martins
Published: July 2017

O objeto de estudo do artigo são as políticas públicas em âmbito estadual e municipal para a hanseníase, na cidade de Goiânia, entre 2005 e 2013, considerando que as propostas de combate à hanseníase se caracterizam pela descentralização de suas ações, desde a Constituição de 1988, quando foi apresentado um novo marco jurídico institucional para as políticas públicas de saúde no país. Assim, as políticas públicas para hanseníase estão, simultaneamente, sob as responsabilidades dos governos federal, estadual e municipal. O objetivo geral é conhecer a real situação da hanseníase e identificar quais medidas políticas vêm sendo implementadas, no período em questão, pelas instâncias do governo estadual, e quais relações estabelecem com o seu contexto nacional.
Culture Wars, Race, and Sexuality: A Nascent Pan-African LGBT-Affirming Christian Movement and the Future of Christianity
Authors: Klinken Adriaan Van
Published: July 2017

In order to challenge and decenter monolithic narratives about Christian-inspired homophobia in Africa, this article draws attention to Christian countermobilizations that seek to affirm the human rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Africa. It focuses on the work of an African American organization, The Fellowship of Affirming Ministries (TFAM), to build a Pan-African LGBT-affirming Christian movement. TFAM presents its work as a response to the involvement of American white conservative evangelicals in the spread of homophobia in Africa. Where the latter has been framed as the export of American culture wars, this article discusses TFAM's work as an attempt to counterbalance the culture wars and to define the future of African Christianity in progressive ways. The article proceeds by discussing one of the fruits of TFAM's activities, an LGBT church in Nairobi, Kenya, and concludes by examining the overall significance and potential impact of TFAM's work.
Maroon History, Music, and Sacred Sounds in the Americas: A Jamaican Case
Authors: Fuller Harcourt
Published: July 2017

This article explores the music of Maroon nations in the Americas as a source of Africana spirituality, (oral) history, and culture. It draws on the author's multidisciplinary research and engagement with the Windward Maroons of Jamaica, which include, inter alia, the production of a documentary film (Queen Nanny: Legendary Maroon Chieftainess) on their most sacred ancestor, the eighteenth-century leader Granny Nanny; a recorded album, Granny Nanny Come Oh: Jamaican Maroon Kromanti and Kumina Music and other Oral Traditions; and a major U.S. tour by the Moore Town Granny Nanny Cultural Group, a performing arts ensemble. In addition to their spiritual music, which is underpinned by the veneration of their ancestors, the Jamaican Maroons also have a long and complex history that includes the administration of sacred oaths, the signing of sacred (but controversial) treaties, and the reverence of sacred sites such as Granny Nanny's former stronghold of Old Nanny Town, which is now part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Blue and John Crow Mountains National Park.
UTILIZACIÓN DE UNA PLATAFORMA DE PROCESAMIENTO DISTRIBUIDO PARA LA DETECCIÓN DE POTENCIAL PLAGIO CON INDICADORES DE PROBABILIDAD DE CERTEZA DE LAS TAREAS ENVIADAS A UN SISTEMA DE ADMINISTRACIÓN DE CURSOS
Authors: Lavayen D. , Cruz E.
Published: July 2017

En este artículo se expone el análisis, diseño, implementación y pruebas de un módulo para la detección de potencial plagio de las tareas enviadas a un Sistema de Administración de Cursos, utilizando la plataforma de procesamiento distribuido Hadoop. En el presente trabajo se analiza la problemática del plagio que ocurre en las tareas elaboradas digitalmente por los estudiantes y que son receptadas por los Sistemas de Administración de Cursos. Además, se realiza un análisis conceptual para comprender cómo la necesidad de comparar dos secuencias está presente en otras ramas de la ciencia y cómo la solución ha sido propuesta con el uso de herramientas informáticas. Así mismo, se exponen las tecnologías utilizadas para el desarrollo del módulo; y se detalla cómo se hizo frente a la problemática, dividiendo el proceso en dos partes: el pre-procesamiento de los documentos para generar archivos en texto plano; y la implementación del algoritmo de Smith-Waterman con las mejoras planteadas por PhD. Robert W. Irving. Finalmente, se muestra un resumen con los resultados de las pruebas realizadas sobre el ambiente de procesamiento distribuido.
EXISTENCIA DE PROCEDIMIENTOS PARA EVALUAR BENEFICIOS INTANGIBLES DE INVERSIONES TIC. PERSPECTIVA PERCEPTUAL DE EMPLEADOS DE EMPRESAS NICARAGÜENSES.
Authors: Lindo González O.D.
Published: July 2017

Las inversiones en Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC) aportan a las empresas beneficios importantes, pero se considera que los procedimientos existentes para evaluarlas no toman en cuenta beneficios intangibles. En este estudio lidiamos con este supuesto analizando información recopilada con un cuestionario aplicado en línea desde la perspectiva perceptual de empleados activos de empresas radicadas en Nicaragua de los sectores privado y público sobre la existencia de procedimientos para evaluar beneficios obtenidos de este tipo de proyectos en sus organizaciones. Elaboramos dos perfiles: uno de los empleados encuestados y otro de las empresas para las que trabajaban. También estimamos el peso que de acuerdo con los encuestados la evaluación de dichos beneficios tiene en sus empresas. El análisis de estos perfiles y del peso estimado nos permitió concluir que existe una percepción dividida de los empleados sobre la existencia de procedimientos para evaluar inversiones TIC en sus empresas: una parte percibía que sí existen dichos procedimientos y toman en cuenta beneficios tangibles e intangibles; otra parte percibía que la evaluación de beneficios intangibles es importante pero sus empresas no cuentan con procedimientos para ello.
Factors influencing diabetes self-management among Omani patients with type-2 diabetes: Patients’ perspectives
Authors: Alrahbi Hilal H. , Alghenaimi Said A.
Published: July 2017

Background and aim: Management of diabetes requires using different approaches that include self-management in which the patients are the main key players. Diabetes self-management contributes to preventing diabetes-related complications and improving the QOL of patients with diabetes. The aim of this study was to explore the factors influencing diabetes self-management from the perspectives of the patients with type-2 diabetes in Oman.Methods: A qualitative descriptive design using semi-structured individual interviews was used to conduct this study. A purposive sample of 21 Omani patients with type-2 diabetes were interviewed. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and translated into English. Content analysis and constant comparison were used to analyze the data.Results: Eight factors influencing DSM were identified: awareness of diabetes complications and the importance of DSM, ability to adapt, support, fear of consequences, frustration and helplessness, complying with sociocultural norm/ritual, lack of care, and planning.Conclusions: To improve the quality of diabetes care and decrease the devastating diabetes-related complications, managing diabetes has to take the form of a collaborative approach that put into consideration the factors influencing diabetes self-management that were identified by this study.
El efecto de las condiciones de llegada en la reproducción de las mujeres migrantes
Authors: Del Rey Poveda Alberto , Grande Martín Rafael
Published: July 2017

El objetivo del trabajo es analizar los patrones reproductivos de lapoblación inmigrante y evaluar su impacto e implicaciones en ladinámica demográfica española. La hipótesis general es que lafecundidad migrante está íntimamente relacionada con el hecho y lascondiciones de la migración. Utilizando la Encuesta Nacional deInmigrantes de 2007, los resultados muestran la existencia de unclaro patrón de fecundidad. Este patrón se caracteriza por unareducción de la fecundidad antes y durante la migración, una fuerterecuperación tras la instalación y una reducción posterior. Laprincipal implicación es que conllevará una reducción importante dela fecundidad migrante en la medida en que se han reducido losflujos y se supera el período de «recuperación» de la fecundidad delos inmigrantes llegados antes de 2007.
Discriminación múltiple e inmigración: huellas de discurso institucional, académico y de la población
Authors: Valles Martínez Miguel S. , Cea D´Ancona Maria Ángeles , Domínguez Alegría Gloria
Published: July 2017

Este artículo enfoca el binomio discriminación múltiple e inmigración,explorando el rastro documental dejado en ámbitos políticoinstitucionales,académicos y en las hablas de población general. Sedocumenta la triple huella discursiva (institucional, académica,poblacional) del concepto. Hallazgos principales: 1) mayor uso deladjetivo «múltiple» en la literatura político-jurídica sobre discriminación,siendo más latente en la sociológica; 2) presencia de formas dediscriminación múltiple en el lenguaje institucional, académico ypoblacional (no siempre explícitas); 3) las estadísticas y encuestasdisponibles no captan la complejidad del fenómeno sociológico, sociojurídico,precisándose materiales cualitativos también (discursivoconversacionalesprimarios de población nativa o inmigrada, ydiscursivo-documentales elaborados desde instituciones o la academia).
Las mujeres en el mercado de trabajo de las tecnologías
Authors: González Ramos Ana M. , Vergés Bosch Núria , Martínez García José Saturnino
Published: July 2017

El mercado laboral tecnológico, donde las mujeres son minoría,representa una oportunidad para el empleo en España. Este trabajoanaliza los datos de la Encuesta de Población Activa (EPA) respecto a lapoblación ocupada en el sector tecnológico. En primer lugar, se analiza lasegregación de género de la población ocupada según sectoreseconómicos y, en segundo lugar, las características de empleo de lasmujeres ocupadas en el sector tecnológico. Los resultados indican quelas mujeres disponen de buenas expectativas laborales en este sector,pero también indican que sufren un mayor riesgo de sobrecualificación, loque sugiere la persistencia de factores de discriminación. Por último, lasmujeres expresan mayor preocupación que sus colegas hombresrespecto a las excesivas jornadas laborales, lo que plantea la necesidadde afrontar un cambio estructural en las organizaciones.
Elucidating the Nature of the Fine Structure Constant and Indicating the Existence of an Unknown Angular Momentum
Authors: Suto Koshun
Published: July 2017

In this paper, the author searches for a formula different from the existing formula in order to elucidate the nature of the fine structure constant a. The relativistic energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom is expressed as E_re,n and the momentum corresponding to that energy is taken to be P_re,n. Also, P_p,n is assumed to be the momentum of a photon emitted when an electron that has been stationary in free space transitions to the inside of a hydrogen atom. When n=1, the ratio of P_re,1 and P_p,1 matches with a. That is, P_p,1/Pre,1=a Also, the formula for the energy of a photon is E=hv. However, this formula has no constant of proportionality. If one wishes to claim that the energy of a photon varies in proportion to the photon's frequency, then a formula containing a constant of proportionality is necessary. Thus, this paper predicts that, in the natural world, there is a minimum unit of angular momentum h_vp smaller than the Planck constant. (The vp in h_vp stands for “virtual particle.”)If this physical constant is introduced, then the formula for the energy of the photon can be written as E=h_vp v/a. If h_vp exists, a formula can also be obtained which helps to elucidate the nature of the fine structure constant.
Existence Conditions of Super-Replication Cost in a Multinomial Model
Authors: Xing Mei
Published: July 2017

This paper gives a theorem for the continuous time super-replication cost of European options in an unbounded multinomial market. An approximation multinomial scheme is put forward on a finite time interval [0,1] corresponding to a pure jump Lévy model with unbounded jumps. Under the assumption that the expected underlying stock price at time 1 is bounded, the limit of the sequence of the super-replication cost in a multinomial model is proved to be greater than or equal to an optimal control problem. Furthermore, it is discussed that the existence conditions of a super-replication cost and a liquidity premium for the multinomial model. This paper concentrates on a multinomial tree with unbounded jumps, which can be seen as an extension of the work of (Xing, 2015). The super-replication cost and the liquidity premium under the variance gamma model and the normal inverse Gaussian model are calculated and illustrated.
Je geld kwijt, en dan?
Authors: van Wilsem Johan , van der Meulen Nicole , Kunst Maarten
Published: July 2017

Lost your money, and then what? Financial damage among victims of unauthorized cash withdrawals from bank accounts

Identity fraud is a rapidly growing problem, as shown by recent volume estimates from victim surveys. Little is known however about the amount of financial damage among victims of this crime, especially in the Dutch context. This article studies victims of unauthorized cash withdrawal from their bank account, which is one of the most common forms of identity fraud. For this, we use data on 180 victims from the representative LISS panel. The results show that the financial implications of this type of crime experience vary widely between victims. While many victims are disadvantaged for only a small amount of money (for almost 40 per cent is about less than 50 euros ), a quarter of this group suffers from substantial money loss of more than 500 euros. Nevertheless, the vast majority (85 per cent) are completely reimbursed by their banks. Eventually, only in rare cases victims suffer significant permanent money loss. Remarkably, the low educated are significantly less often reimbursed by their banks.
Onlinegedragingen
Authors: Jansen Jurjen , Leukfeldt Rutger , van Wilsem Johan , Stol Wouter
Published: July 2017

Online behaviour A risk for hacking and interpersonal cybercrimes?

The number of Internet users who reported they have come into contact with cybercrime is substantial. This article examines three forms of cybercrime, namely: hacking, cyber stalking and cyber threats. Because cybercrime is relatively extensive in the life of Dutch citizens, it is important to gain insight into factors that influence victimization. By means of a secondary analysis of data from the first Dutch national cybercrime victim survey (N=9,161), it is assessed to which extend online behaviours affect victimization. In particular, online behaviours involving the use of communication applications affect victimization of the three aforementioned cybercrimes. The article provides suggestions for further research into cybercrime victimization.
Spatial resolution in electrical impedance tomography: A topical review
Authors: Chitturi Venkatratnam , Farrukh Nagi
Published: July 2017

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a relatively new imaging technique. It has the advantages of low cost, portability, non-invasiveness and is free from radiation effects. So far, this imaging technique has shown satisfactory results in functional imaging. However, it is not yet fully suitable for anatomical imaging due to its poor spatial resolution. In this paper, we review the basic directions of research in the area of the spatial resolution of the EIT systems. The improvements to the hardware and the software developments are highlighted. Finally, possible techniques to enhance the spatial resolution of the EIT systems using array processing beamforming methods are discussed.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis of body composition: influence of a newly implanted cardiac device
Authors: Pinto Luiz Wellington , Gandra Silvia Veloso , Carvalho Alves Matheus de , Gomes Isabel , Sternick Eduardo Back
Published: July 2017

Current guidelines do not recommend bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in patients with implanted cardiac devices. There is no data on the influence of such devices over the parameters assessed by BIA. We aimed to assess the influence of cardiac devices on the parameters assessed by BIA as well as to evaluate the likelihood of electromagnetic interference of BIA in patients with implanted cardiac devices. Sixty-two consecutive patients over 18 years of age who underwent single (PM) or multisite (CRT) pacemaker or defibrillator (ICD) implantation were included. Body composition assessment was done using a single frequency device, on both right and left sides, before and after cardiac device implantation. During BIA analysis after device implantation, we did real-time telemetry to assess electromagnetic interference. Patients were 67+14 years old and 51.6% male. PM was implanted in 52 patients (83.9%), ICD in 7 (11.3%), ICD with CRT in 2 (3.2%) and CRT in 1 (1.6%). During real-time telemetry, there was no electromagnetic interference including interruption of telemetry. Default device programming did not change after BIA assessment. After surgery, resistance and fat mass were smaller, while cellular mass, fat-free mass, metabolic rate and total body water/ body weight increased, on right and left sides measurements. We concluded that decreased resistance and related parameters after device implantation were probably influenced to a change in hydration status, regardless of the implanted device. Bioimpedance analysis is safe in patients with an implanted cardiac device.
Povinně cizojazyčné habilitace: mezi absurditou a „světovostí“?
Authors: Bejček Josef
Published: July 2017

Vedení naší univerzity se rozhodlo zavést povinné habilitace v cizím jazyce. Před projednáním návrhu Řádu habilitačního řízení a řízení ke jmenování profesorem na MU v akademickém senátu MU dne 24. dubna 2017 jsem jakožto senátor AS MU zpracoval soubor argumentů a postřehů k nejkontroverznějšímu ustanovení návrhu, které jsem zaslal panu rektorovi i všem členům AS MU. Tento dokument je přílohou zápisu z onoho jednání.
Zavádzanie trestnej zodpovednosti za zneužívanie finančného trhu
Authors: Záhora Jozef
Published: July 2017

Zneužívanie finančného trhu môže prekračovať hranice a narúša integritu finančných trhov, ktoré sú v Európskej únii stále viac integrované. Manipulácia s významnými referenčnými hodnotami alebo pokus o ňu môže mať vážny vplyv na dôveru trhu a mohla by viesť k významným stratám pre investorov a k narušeniam reálnej ekonomiky. Z toho dôvodu je dôležité, aby sa prijali všetky nevyhnutné kroky s cieľom predísť takejto manipulácii a umožniť príslušným orgánom ukladanie sankcií. Autor predstavuje nedávne legislatívne opatrenia v tejto oblasti v Európskej únii. Cieľom týchto opatrení je zvýšiť dôveru investorov a integritu trhu, a to tým, že sa osobám, ktoré majú dôverné informácie, zakáže obchodovať so súvisiacimi finančnými nástrojmi, a že sa zakáže manipulácia s trhmi prostredníctvom postupov, ako sú šírenie nepravdivých informácií alebo neoverených správ a uskutočňovanie obchodov, ktoré zaručujú ceny na neprirodzenej úrovni.
Propuesta de principios que se deben tener en cuenta para la preservación de documentos sonoros de origen digital
Authors: Rodríguez Reséndiz Perla Olivia
Published: July 2017

En la primera década del siglo XXI, el crecimiento de los documentos sonoros de origen digital ha sido exponencial. Los archivos y bibliotecas han comenzado a acopiar este tipo de documentos, cuya naturaleza y forma de ser preservados difiere de la utilizada con los documentos analógicos. Los documentos sonoros de origen digital se encuentran en riesgo de pérdida derivado del incremento en el volumen y la carencia de principios que orienten su preservación digital. Por lo tanto, su preservación es un desafío. Este artículo tiene como objetivo establecer las bases para la preservación de este tipo de materiales a partir de considerar el contexto en que se desarrollan, las características que los definen; los creadores de este tipo de materiales y los formatos en que se producen. Como resultado se proponen una serie de principios a tomar en cuenta para la preservación de los documentos sonoros de origen digital.
El archivo fotográfico del arquitecto Emilio Pérez Piñero. Estructura y análisis documental
Authors: Pérez Almagro María Carmen
Published: July 2017

Esta investigación ha consistido en el análisis, descripción e interpretación de la documentación fotográfica relacionada con el arquitecto Emilio Pérez Piñero. Tras un proceso de recopilación documental, se ha realizado una propuesta de cuadro de clasificación, dedicando una sección del fondo Emilio Pérez Piñero a Archivo Fotográfico; se han definido los descriptores más comunes y se ha creado una ficha documental tipo, conforme a las reglas actuales de archivística. El objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer la estructura y el contenido del archivo fotográfico, como una puesta más en valor de la figura y obra del arquitecto como generador y difusor de imágenes.
The Paradoxes of Preaching in Print: Seeing and Believing in the Sermons of Jacques Abbadie
Authors: Whelan Ruth
Published: July 2017

The boom in printed sermons in French in the latter half of the seventeenth-century is usually attributed, on the one hand, to the popularity of pulpit eloquence and, on the other, to the piety of both preacher and faithful. However, this study of the rhetorical organisation, imagery,
and printing history of the sermons of Jacques Abbadie points to a more ambiguous explanation for the boom. Although the French Reformed Churches counselled their pastors against the pursuit of eloquence in their preaching, Abbadie made a display of it, and engaged in theoretical reflection
to justify his practice. According to him, pulpit eloquence promotes receptivity in the faithful; but, with hindsight, it is clear that it also promotes the preacher. Publishing eloquent sermons publicised the hermeneutical and oratorical gifts of the preacher; the epistle dedicatory advertised
his social connections; thus the printed sermon was also a strategy for advancing the career of the preacher.
The Aspin Collection, and the First Edition of Quinault's Play Les Rivales: An Old Mystery Resurfaces
Authors: Brooks William
Published: July 2017

Until Geoffrey Aspin discovered a 1655 copy of Les Rivales, readers had to be content with the second edition, published in 1661. Les Rivales was Quinault's first play and, amongst other things, Aspin's discovery showed that the 1661 version, issued when the playwright
had become vastly experienced and was at the height of his powers, was extensively revised. However, there is evidence that a different state of the first edition was known in the eighteenth century. Because of shortcomings in Aspin's 1655 copy, it is legitimate to wonder whether what he discovered
was an uncorrected first edition, the text of which was later corrected. One might establish this, one way or the other, by comparing it with the pirated 1657 Dutch edition. However, despite evidence of the existence of the Dutch edition, a copy could not be located. Now that one has been
discovered, in Stockholm, the desired comparison can at last be undertaken.
Un médecin protestant du dix-septième siècle et ses livres: Anatomie de la collection Élie Bouhéreau à la Bibliothèque Marsh de Dublin
Authors: Pittion Jean-Paul
Published: July 2017

Élie Bouhéreau (1643–1719) was a French Protestant physician from La Rochelle who studied at the Protestant académie of Saumur and fled from France at the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes. By 1683, his collection numbered some 1700 volumes. Since
1707, it has been kept in Marsh's Library. This article is based on archival material, including Bouhéreau's correspondence, and on the detailed examination of annotations found in individual copies of the books in the collection. The article throws light on the ways in which Bouhéreau
acquired these books and examines why he bought them and how he read them. The collection is a rare example of a fully preserved private library that belonged to a prominent member of a learned provincial circle, made up of former students from the académie of Saumur.
Des modèles et simulations spatiotemporelles comme « objets intermédiaires » pour mettre en débat l’étalement urbain dans l’île de La Réunion
Authors: AUGUSSEAU Xavier , DEGENNE Pascal , LO SEEN Danny , LESTRELIN Guillaume , DAVID Daniel
Published: July 2017

Un dispositif partenarial mobilisant un outil de simulation paysagère, Ocelet, a été conçu comme support d’un exercice de prospective territoriale sur une intercommunalité de l’île de La Réunion où le mitage agricole représente un enjeu important. La démarche consiste à coconstruire, au sein d’une arène d’une vingtaine d’institutions, des scénarios d’évolution de l’étalement urbain. Pour favoriser ces interactions, des modèles contextualisés sont développés. Dans la démarche, le modèle remplit différentes fonctions au sein de l’arène, de l’initiation à la mise en débat de controverses. Les acteurs du projet s’opposent sur les facteurs concourant à l’étalement urbain et sur les moyens de le réguler. Si ces positions évoluent peu durant le projet, en revanche certaines visions ou certains partis pris ont pu être révisés. La démarche collaborative et le travail de prospective territoriale sont jugés de manière très positive par une large majorité de participants, pour leur rôle de moteurs d’apprentissage collectif.
Visionnement 2025 au Saguenay—Lac-Saint-Jean
Authors: PROULX Marc-Urbain
Published: July 2017

Depuis toujours, les planificateurs territoriaux ont été inspirés et guidés par la vision globale de la collectivité en exercice. De ses ancrages historiques, la vision est devenue une dimension à part entière de la planification, qui s’inscrit désormais selon la méthode scientifique. À cet effet, la prospective territoriale s’offre telle une démarche pertinente de visionnement. Nous l’avons expérimenté au Québec, au sein de la région du Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, laquelle fait actuellement face à une importante mutation socioéconomique qui doit se poursuivre vers un avenir prometteur. La prospective a permis de proposer des scénarios régionaux à jauger et à comparer dans leur capacité à offrir une voie globale aux planifications territoriales actuelles fragmentées par secteurs, par localités, par actions, par corporations. De cet exercice, nous avons tiré des leçons dans un esprit de modélisation afin de prescrire la bonification du visionnement au sein de la planification territoriale exercée au Québec et ailleurs.
History and reality of the genus ‘Homo’: What is it and why do we think so?
Authors: Tattersall Ian
Published: July 2017

Paleoanthropologists who worry about how nature is organized into species, and about what we should call them, are very often accused by their peers of «just arguing about names». This implies that basic taxonomy is a boring clerical operation that should be dispensed with as quickly as possible or even ignored, so that we can get to the really interesting questions about human evolution. Yet the reality is that we shall never understand the events of the intricate human evolutionary play if we cannot accurately identify the actors who participated in that drama. This article looks briefly at how our current supremely woolly concept of the genus Homo has come about, as background for urging a more rational approach to defining it.
Physical and Mechanical Therapies for Lower-Limb Problems in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Fellas Antoni , Coda Andrea , Hawke Fiona
Published: July 2017

Background:

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), a chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory joint disease, is the most common arthritis affecting children younger than 16 years. Children with JIA commonly experience lower-limb dysfunction and disability. We systematically reviewed the effectiveness of physical and mechanical therapies for lower-limb problems in JIA.

Methods:

Randomized controlled trials of physical and mechanical interventions for lower-limb problems in children with JIA were included. Primary outcome was pain. Secondary outcomes included disability, functional ability, and health-related quality of life. Several databases were searched for eligible studies. Authors of included studies and researchers in the field were contacted to identify additional studies.

Results:

Two studies evaluating the effectiveness of customized/custom foot orthoses in treating foot and ankle pain in children with JIA (N = 100) were included. One study also evaluated simple cushioned inserts. Meta-analyses for comparisons between custom/customized foot orthoses and a control intervention after 3 months were not significant for the outcomes of pain (mean difference, –8.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], –18.01 to 0.07), child-rated health-related quality of life (mean difference, 4.38; 95% CI, –3.68 to 12.44), and parent-rated health-related quality of life (mean difference, 1.77; 95% CI, –6.35 to 9.90). Meta-analyses were supported by sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions:

There is a paucity of research evaluating physical and mechanical therapies for lower-limb problems in JIA. No physical therapy has been evaluated in randomized controlled trials, and mechanical therapy evaluation is limited to foot orthoses and shoe inserts for foot and ankle pain. The existing research is hampered by small sample sizes. Until further research is conducted, the effectiveness of mechanical and physical therapies for lower-limb problems in JIA remains unclear.
Modulation of let-7 miRNAs controls the differentiation of effector CD8 T cells
Authors: Wells Alexandria C , Daniels Keith A , Angelou Constance C , Fagerberg Eric , Burnside Amy S , Markstein Michele , Alfandari Dominique , Welsh Raymond M , Pobezinskaya Elena L , Pobezinsky Leonid A
Published: July 2017

The differentiation of naive CD8 T cells into effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes upon antigen stimulation is necessary for successful antiviral, and antitumor immune responses. Here, using a mouse model, we describe a dual role for the let-7 microRNAs in the regulation of CD8 T cell responses, where maintenance of the naive phenotype in CD8 T cells requires high levels of let-7 expression, while generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes depends upon T cell receptor-mediated let-7 downregulation. Decrease of let-7 expression in activated T cells enhances clonal expansion and the acquisition of effector function through derepression of the let-7 targets, including Myc and Eomesodermin. Ultimately, we have identified a novel let-7-mediated mechanism, which acts as a molecular brake controlling the magnitude of CD8 T cell responses.
Task-dependent recurrent dynamics in visual cortex
Authors: Tajima Satohiro , Koida Kowa , Tajima Chihiro I , Suzuki Hideyuki , Aihara Kazuyuki , Komatsu Hidehiko
Published: July 2017

The capacity for flexible sensory-action association in animals has been related to context-dependent attractor dynamics outside the sensory cortices. Here, we report a line of evidence that flexibly modulated attractor dynamics during task switching are already present in the higher visual cortex in macaque monkeys. With a nonlinear decoding approach, we can extract the particular aspect of the neural population response that reflects the task-induced emergence of bistable attractor dynamics in a neural population, which could be obscured by standard unsupervised dimensionality reductions such as PCA. The dynamical modulation selectively increases the information relevant to task demands, indicating that such modulation is beneficial for perceptual decisions. A computational model that features nonlinear recurrent interaction among neurons with a task-dependent background input replicates the key properties observed in the experimental data. These results suggest that the context-dependent attractor dynamics involving the sensory cortex can underlie flexible perceptual abilities.
An exceptionally preserved 110 million years old praying mantis provides new insights into the predatory behaviour of early mantodeans
Authors: Hörnig Marie K. , Haug Joachim T. , Haug Carolin
Published: July 2017

Mantodeans or praying mantises are flying insects and well known for their raptorial behaviour, mainly performed by their first pair of thoracic appendages. We describe here a new, exceptionally preserved specimen of the early mantodeanSantanmantis axelrodiGrimaldi, 2003 from the famous 110 million years old Crato Formation, Brazil. The incomplete specimen preserves important morphological details, which were not known in this specific form before for this species or any other representative of Mantodea. Unlike in modern representatives or other fossil forms of Mantodea not only the first pair of thoracic appendages shows adaptations for predation. The femora of the second pair of thoracic appendages bear numerous strong, erect spines which appear to have a sharp tip, with this strongly resembling the spines of the first pair of thoracic appendages. This indicates that individuals ofS. axelrodilikely used at least two pairs of thoracic appendages to catch prey. This demonstrates that the prey-catching behaviour was more diverse in early forms of praying mantises than anticipated.
Upper mantle velocity structure beneath the Arabian shield from Rayleigh surface wave tomography and its implications
Authors: Yao Zhixiang , Mooney Walter D. , Zahran Hani M. , Youssef Salah El‐Hadidy
Published: July 2017

We measured phase velocities at 13 periods from 20 s to 143 s using Rayleigh wave data recorded at recently installed, dense (135) broadband seismic stations in the Arabian shield and determined the shear‐wave velocity structure. Our results clearly reveal a 300 km wide upper mantle seismic low‐velocity zone (LVZ) beneath the western Arabian shield at a depth of 60 km and with a thickness of 130 km. The LVZ has a north‐south trend and follows the late‐Cenozoic volcanic areas. The lithosphere beneath the western Arabian shield is remarkably thin (60–90 km). The 130 km thick mantle LVZ does not appear beneath the western Red Sea and the spreading axis. Thus, the Red Sea at 20°–26°N is an asymmetric rift, with thin lithosphere located east of the Red Sea axis, as predicted by the low‐angle detachment model for rift development. Passive rifting at the Red Sea and extensional stresses in the shield are probably driven by slab pull from the Zagros subduction zone. The low shear‐wave velocity (4.0–4.2 km/s) and the geometry of LVZ beneath the western shield indicate northward flow of hot asthenosphere from the Afar hot spot. The upwelling of basaltic melt in fractures or zones of localized lithospheric thinning has produced extensive late Cenozoic volcanism on the western edge of the shield, and the buoyant LVZ has caused pronounced topography uplift there. Thus, the evolution of the Red Sea and the Arabian shield is driven by subduction of the Arabian plate along its northeastern boundary.