bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiofreguency thermodestruction of sympathetic trunc as a treatment of chronikal obliterating diseases of inferior limbs arteries
Authors: Krivoshapkin A. L. , Duyshobaeyv A. R. , Melidi Ye. G. , Hudashov V. G. , Nenarochnov S. V.
Published: April 2021

The 81 patients suffering from chronic arterial insufficiency of lower extremities (LE) dueto obliterating atherosclerosis (OA) underwent surgical sympathectomy at L2 , L 3, L4 lumbar level on the side of lesion. Radiofrequency thermodestruction (RF) was used in 60 patients, open sympathectomy was perfomed in 21 patiens. Pain relief was achieved in all patients. Dopplerography data demonsrated the improvement of blood flow in LE. This study had showed high efficiency of RF in treatment of patients with OA.

This procedure is less traumatic than open сympathectomy.
Comparison of MRT-research materials of brain in multiple sclerosis and lupus erythematosus
Authors: Lisitsyna Yu. N. , Alifirova V. M.
Published: April 2021

It appears that sometimes it is difficult to perform differential diagnostics of multiple sclerosis and autoimmune illness. 29 patients were surveyed with lupus erythematosus and 29 patients hue suffer from multiple sclerosis. Here are presented our own results of magnetic resonance imaging of the brain of there patients. It is discovered that existence of nidus of T2 signal increase doesn’t appear to be a specific sign.
The change in the hypoxia resistance at chronic cerebral ischemia
Authors: Antipenko Ye. A. , Gustov A. V.
Published: April 2021

Hypoxia and its related oxidate stress are the direct cause of the neural damage due to chronic cerebral ischemia. Resistance to hypoxia and oxidate stress is the main marker of the human and brain adaptation to chronic ischemia.

Hypoxia resistance and the condition of the glutation antioxidant system in the difference stages of chronic cerebral ischemia was investigated in this study. 310 patients from 35 to 55 years with the first (100 persons), second (105 persons) and third stages (105 persons)) of chronic cerebrovasculare insufficiency were examened.

Decreasing of the hypoxia resistance and resistance to oxidate stress at chronic cerebral ischemia was shown. The average figure of hypoxia resistance and functional activity of the glutation system at the different stages of the chronic cerebral ischemia shows the course of the general adaptive syndrome.
Influence of type and volume of surgical resection on postoperative period in patients with gliomas
Authors: Martynov B. V. , Parfenov V. Ye. , Svistov D. V. , Trufanov G. Ye. , Fokin V. A. , Kholyavin A. I. , Nizkovolos V. B.
Published: April 2021

283 patients with gliomas were included in this study. Age, sex, neurological status and Karnovsky performance were analyzed before and after surgery, also tumor location, type and volume of surgical resection, postoperative complications were considered. Volume of tumor resection did not depend on glioma localization, excluding deep located tumors, in which case stereotactic cryotomy was performed (p < 0,01). In cases of stereotactic cryotomy postoperative neurological deficit worsening was noted in 12,5%, in patients with open biopsy and partial resection — 10,9%, and in case of total or subtotal tumor resection in 7,0% (p > 0,05). Partial gliom resection often related with postoperative complications and neurological deficit worsening then open surgery total tumour resection. Stereotactic cryotomy does not lead to bigger postoperative complications frequency in comparisons with open surgery.
Non-specific low back pain: clinical-and-psychological study
Authors: Akhmadeyeva L. R. , Setchenkova N. M. , Abdrashitova Ye. V. , Bulgakova A. Z. , Rayanova G. Sh. , Magzhanov R. V.
Published: April 2021

The results of clinical-and psychological study of 106 in-patients of neurological ward with acute, sub-acute or chronic low back pain are presented. We studied quality of life, anxiety, depression and correlations between them in subgroups. We conclude that quality of life and ability to work depend on both physical and emotional factors. Additional recommendations are suggested for existing algorithm of management of patients with low back pain.
Surgical treatment of recurrent basal cell carcinoma of parotic-masseteric region with lesion of temporal bone pyramid
Authors: Olyushyn V. Ye. , Gulyayev D. A.
Published: April 2021

Basal-cellular skin cancer takes the first place accounting for 75—95% of malignant skin tumors. Despite different methods of treatment recurrence rate is up to 39%. Recurrent forms may invade soft tissues, major vessels, nerves and bones of the skull base. Options of surgical treatment of wide-spread recurrent forms are considered in this article. Modified block-resection of parotid-masticatory region along with temporal pyramid invasion is presented. Short- and long-term follow-up results are also presented.
Morphofunctional characteristics of the ways of outflow of cerebrospinal fluid into lymphatic system in condition of continuous influence of adrenalin and obsidan
Authors: Pesin Ya. M. , Chernyshyova Ye. A. , Beysembaev A. A. , Velikorodova M. Ya.
Published: April 2021

Because of the long usage of obsidane the cerebrum liquid’s flow-out to the one of the brain hemisphere breaks and also local edema of the brain en-larges.
Influence of social factors, clinical characteristics and comormidities on the health related quality of life in patients with tension type headaches
Authors: Akhmadeyeva L. R. , Zakirova E. N. , Voevodin V. A. , Magzhanov R. V.
Published: April 2021

Here we present the results of our study of the influence of clinical and social parameters as well as co-morbidities (as anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances) on the health related quality of life of 95patients with the most often met primary cephalgias — tension type headache. We used MOS-SF36 (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36) as the main instrument to measure health related quality of life. Significant influence of anxiety and depression on the quality of life in patients with both frequent episodic and chronic tension type headache was reported. Anxiety in these patients was mostly associated with psychic health, general health and vitality. In patients with chronic tension type headaches depression was associated with physical functioning; in those with frequent episodic tension type headaches — with social functioning and role functioning due to emotional sate.
Lymphotropic therapy in rehabilitation of patients with cerebrovascular diseases
Authors: Borodin Yu. I. , Pesin Ya. M. , Omorov N. K. , Doronin B. M.
Published: April 2021

The usage of the lymphotrope therapy in patients’ with cerebrovasculas pathology complex treatment helps to readjustment of neurons’ pericellular habitat out of bilirubine and prevent the development of repeated abnormalities of cerebral circulation.
Minimally invasive method and device for removal of hypertensive intracerebral hematomas
Authors: Agzamov M. K. , Bersnev V. P. , Ivanova N. Ye. , Ahtamov D. A. , Pavlov O. A. , Nikitin A. I. , Arzikulov T. N.
Published: April 2021

Hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage - a common form of cardiovascular disease, characterized by high mortality and disability. One area in improving patient care remains the development of new minimally invasive surgical methods and devices. We describe a new method and device (funnel cannula), which after the special markings to the use of CT punktion entered into the cavity, followed by the evacuation of hematoma. In each case, depending on the depth of hematoma and its volume is cannula certain size. The device allows for a more radical removal of hematoma without significant damage to brain tissue.
Current approaches to treatment of pain in the low part of back
Authors: Voropai N. G. , Doronina O. B.
Published: April 2021

We described the modern point of view in the pathogenesis of the acute and chronicle low back pain, conception of the tree components formation of the chronicle pain: nociceptive, neuropathic and psychogenetic. Whereby, it was offered the ways of the pathogenetic treatment. We described and substantiated the modern way of treatment of the back pain. We generalized the results of our own experience of using Nurophen for treatment of the acute phase of the back pain in the low part of the back. We showed the efficiency of the Nurophen for treatment of the acute pain in the low part of the back and prevention of the formation of the chronicle pain syndrome.
The frequency and particularities functional biomechanics disorders of the infantile cerebral paralysis inter children’s of native population (the Hakass), mestizo and european of the Republic Hakasiya
Authors: Galantyuk I. G. , Solomin S. A. , Schmidt I. R.
Published: April 2021

80 children’s were observed with infantile cerebral paralysis for searching frequency infantile cerebral paralysis and particularities functional biomehanic disordeved of children of native population (Hakass). The prevalence of the diagnosis ICP is in 6 time more in european group, as compared with hakas’s, and in 8 time more as compared with mestizo. On frequency of occurrence once forms ICP in all free groups on 1 place double hemiplegia; on 2 places hemiparesis form. Beside all children’s with ICP in 100 rate were discovered functional biomehanich damages, demanding corrections by methods manuall therepy.
Intraoperative monitoring of visual evoked potentials in neurosurgery of sellar region tumors’ removal
Authors: Anikin S. A. , Olyushin V. Ye. , Fadeyeva T. N. , Ulitin A. Yu.
Published: April 2021

Visual functions in the postsurgical period are among the most important factors determining the quality of life in patients with tumors of sellar region. Advances in surgical treatment of patients with sellar tumors require exact evaluation of degree the optic nerves and chiasm being involved in the pathological process. The problem of approapriate surgical treatment cannot be solved without its consideration in the neuroophthlmological aspect. The main purpose of intra-operative monitoring of visual evoked potentials is well-timed revealing and prevention of damage of the visual system.
Diagnostics multiple craniocereberal trauma accompanied by the shock from positions of the system approach
Authors: Kurshakova I. V. , Bumay A. O.
Published: April 2021

Polytrauma has a number of the clinical features caused by system processes of pathogenesis of critical conditions. On the basis of experience of treatment of 553 patients with brain bruises with extracranial damages and accompanied by a traumatic shock, essentially new approach is developed by authors in diagnostics of this pathology, providing pathogenesis’ caused possibility of increase of severe craniocerebral trauma in the sharp period of traumatic illness.
Depressive disorders in patients with pathologic of mammary
Authors: Poleschuk N. V.
Published: April 2021

We examined of 116 patients with chronic cystic mastitis, 38 patients with malignant mammary neoplasm, and 29 patients without any pathologic of mammary. We estimated complaints of patients their life and medical history, and depression which was estimated by scales of Beak. In our research depression disorder dominates in group patients with chronic cystic mastitis - 49%, in group with breast cancer it consists — 34%, and in control group — 35%.
Neurorehabilitation in complex treatment of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Rybak I. A. , Kharlamova G. V. , Prokopenko S. V.
Published: April 2021

The article provides the results of the research preformed with the purpose to study the efficiency of methods, focused on restoration of balance at patients with multiple sclerosis during exacerbation and remission stages. The received data testify to efficiency of a course of neurorehabilitation treatment for restoration of balance at multiple sclerosis both during exacerbation of and remission of the disease.
Correction of a muscular-tonic syndrome at a cervical osteochondrosis by device Multi-Cervical Unit «Hanoun medical»
Authors: Soroka A. V. , Nadezhdina M. V. , Stolayrov I. A. , Khizhenok V. A. , Afina E. T.
Published: April 2021

Neurologic, radiological inspection of 30 men (middle age is 36,5 ± 7,5) with a muscular-tonic syndrome at a cervical osteochondrosis. According to an index of a muscular syndrome on 3 degrees of weight 3 groups of patients are allocated. Diagnostics by device MСU allows to reveal authentically and precisely dysfunction in the certain group of muscles of a neck and to spend their adequate training, promoting duly correction. The medical technique of device MCU leads to full recourse muscular-tonic and liquidations of a painful syndrome at muscular-tonic syndrome I and to II degree, significant recourse of expressiveness of syndromes at sick of a cervical osteochondrosis with muscular-tonic a syndrome of III degree. Formation of a correct muscular stereotype provides achievement of proof medical effect, preventive maintenance of a reflex painful syndrome in a cervical department of a backbone and prevention of chronic disease.
Clinical results of basal meningiomas laser surgery
Authors: Stupak V. V. , Kalinovsky A. V. , Maiorov S. V. , Struts S. G.
Published: April 2021

Methods of surgical treatment of patients with skull base meningiomas using high intensity infrared laser radiation (ND-YAG laser) at a wavelength of 1.06 micron were developed. The paper presents results of Nd-YAG laser application in skull base meningioma removal with assessment of its efficacy as compared with conventional surgical methods.
Сlinical results of surgical treatment of patients with parasagittal meningiomas operated with the help of infred laser
Authors: Stupak V. V. , Chernov S. V. , Maiorov A. P. , Struts S. G.
Published: April 2021

Despite a significant advance in microsurgery of the parasagittal brain meningiomas the problem of its surgical treatment is not closed at the present time. This is due to the fact that parasagittal meningiomas can ingrow to the sinus lumen. In this cases the possibility of tumor resection using conventional techniques is limited. Attempts at the tumor radical removal lead to a massive operating blood loss, a stable severe neurological deficit and decrease the quality of life. This results in high recurrence rate of parasagittal meningiomas also. The paper presents the results of ND-YAG laser use in the removal of parasagittal meningiomas with assessment of its application efficacy as compared with conventional techniques.
Special features of the clinical characteristic of the remote consequences of the closed cranio-cerebral trauma
Authors: Subbotin A. V. , Semyonov V. A. , Vedmed G. N. , Markhinina Ye. N.
Published: April 2021

The clinical characteristic of the remote consequences of the closed cranio-cerebral trauma оn the basis of complex neurological, psychophysiological, electrophysiological inspection 171 patients was given. The big variety of clinical symptoms is stacked in displays of a syndrome of intracranial hypertensia, vegetovascular and neurotic syndromes. Allocation of the specified syndromes was proved by results of laboratory researches of patients. It is established, that at younger age (25—35 years old) at patients after the closed craniocerebral trauma it is formed a syndrome of intracranial hypertensia, in more senior period of a life (35—45 years old) displays of vegetovascular and neurotic syndromes take place.
Some features of depressive disorders under the pain syndrome after the herniation of invertebral disk surgical treatment
Authors: Fedyanin S. A. , Fedyanin A. S. , Smagina I. V. , Lichenko Yu. V. , Dorokhova Ye. A.
Published: April 2021

Checkup of 215 patients with pain syndrome relapse in the late period of the diskectomy. Middle age (45,6 ± 0,6) years. The patients were examined: neurological status, lumbar spine radiography, magnetic resonance imaging procedure. Depression revealed by Zung scale. Revealed depressive disorders occur in 47% patients. Mild and masked depression predominates. Depressive disorders occur mainly in the disk herniation relapse in operated and adjacent segments, by spinal canal stenosis and cicatricial-commissural epiduritis. Post-discharge adjustment in patients with pain syndrome relapse in the late postoperative period must be carry out consider depressive disorders.
Potentialities of the ultrasonic examination by detection of the pain syndrome relapse causes in the late period of the disk herniation surgical treatment
Authors: Fedyanin S. A. , Shumakher G. I. , Fedyanin A. S. , Malikov A. S. , Osintseva L. V. , Dorokhova Ye. A.
Published: April 2021

Checkup of 63 patients with pain syndrome relapse in the late period of disk herniation surgery by posterior approach. Among them there were 38 women (60,3%) and 25 men (39,7%). Middle age (44,3 ± 1,1) years. Ultrasonic examination was carried on the ultrasound scanner «Sonoline-Elegka» («Siemens») with the multi — frequency sensor 2,5—5,0 megahertz. Ultrasonography displays in the late period of the disk herniation surgery in 65,1% cases disk herniation and protrusion, in 23,8% cases — the spinal canal stenosis, in 44,4% — radicular canals stenosis, in 46% cases — cicatrical epiduritis visualization. These pathologic alteration and combination of them are the main causes of the pain relapse in the late period of the disk herniation surgery.
The results of epidemiological effectiveness study of Jodantipyrin as a drug for immediate prophylaxis of tick-borne encephalitis
Authors: Khudolei V. N. , Zamyatina Ye. V. , Kropotkina Ye. A. , Lukashova L. V. , Lepyokhin A. V. , Danchinova G. A. , Zlobin V. I.
Published: April 2021

Jodantipyrin is an antiviral medicament, inductor of endogenous interferon. It relates to the group of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medicaments of pyrazolone derivative. The principal mechanism of Jodantipyrin antiviral effect is its ability to induce endogenous interferons of the 1 st and 2 nd types, what has been confirmed by the results of numerous and detailed preclinical and clinical trials. At the present time a long-term experience of this medicament application as a prophylactic agent in case of tick-borne encephalitis and data of postmarketing monitoring of the medicament safety have been accumulated. This experience confirms efficacy of the medicament in prophylaxis of tick-borne encephalitis.
Epidemiology of brain tumours in Kyrgyz Republic: a population based study
Authors: Yrysov K. B. , Yrysova M. B.
Published: April 2021

Brain tumours cause considerable concern due to a high mortality and there are increasing efforts to provide adequate care. The goal of this study was to determine the incidence of brain tumours in Kyrgyz Republic. A population based study was performed. Patients from Kyrgyz Republic with incident intracranial tumours diagnosed in 2005 and 2007 (by CT, MRI or histology) were identified retrospectively using multiple sources. Differences in incidence by tumour type, age and sex were examined. Eight hundred and eighty four patients with incident brain tumours were identified (456 primary tumours and 428 secondary tumours). The commonest primary tumours were neuroepithelial tumours (53,5%), meningeal tumours (19,5%), and sellar tumours (16,5%). The crude yearly incidences of primary and secondary tumours were 30,3 and 28,3 per 100 000 respectively. About 50% of patients with secondary tumours had an underlying lung cancer. The incidence of primary and secondary tumours increased markedly with age. Meningeal tumours were more common in women. This study shows that the incidence of intracranial tumours in Kyrgyz Republic is considerably higher than previously thought. Brain tumours are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Kyrgyz Republic, and further research into their aetiology and treatment is urgently required.
The mild cranial traumas and autoimmune affection of the nervous system: dynamic of the indexes of the B-cells activation in patients during the rehabilitation period
Authors: Yusupov F. A. , Groshev S. A. , Karimov U. A.
Published: April 2021

The aim was to study the indexes of the autoimmune affection of the nervous system in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) after mild cranial traumas (CT). Under the observation there were 16 patients with neurological signs of RA, got mild CT. The group of compare consisted of 30 patients with RA and the nervous system lesions but without CT in the histories of lives. 30 healthy people were in the control group. The blood for the investigations was got 6 times from patients of the main group: on the 2nd, 15th, 30th, 60th, 90th, and 120th days after the CT. The autoimmune affection of the nervous system was diagnosed by the help of definition of the cerebrolysin-dependent activation of the B-lymphocytes by the method of quantitive cytophluorimetry. It was found that B-cells of RA patients with the nervous system lesions were sensitized to the nervous tissue. Even mild CT of the RA patients noticeably raises the activity of the immune system pointed on the tissue of the CNS. Usage of the standard treatment could not prevent such changes which were the brightest to the 15th day after CT.
The indexes of the autoimmune affections of the nervous system during mild cranial traumas of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Yusupov F. A. , Groshev S. A. , Karimov U. A.
Published: April 2021

The aim of the work was to study the laboratory indexes of the autoimmune affections of the nervous system during mild cranial traumas (CT) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Under the examination there were 16 patients with neurological signs of RA got the mild CT. The group of compare consisted of 30 patients with RA and the nervous system lesions without traumas of it in the life histories. The control group consisted of 30 healthy people. The autoimmune affection of the nervous system was diagnosed by definition of the antibody-synthetic activity of the B-cells over the cerebrolysin. The work confirms presence of the autoimmune component of the CT pathogenesis and gives prove of need of rheumatologist or immunologist participation in the treatment of patients with RA with CT. Described laboratory method of the B-cells activity definition can be recommended as a complementary diagnostic method of the nervous system affections during RA, presence and activity of the autoimmune component of the CT pathogenesis in such patients.
Early Days of Two-Dimensional Ion Cyclotron Resonance
Authors: Bodenhausen Geoffrey
Published: April 2021

This contribution is an attempt to reconstruct the favorable atmosphere that prevailed in Lau-sanne in 1986-87 and provided the backdrop of our invention of two-dimensional ion cyclotron resonance mass spectroscopy (2D ICR-MS). To avoid a self-centered histoire d’ancien combattant, we shall try to emphasize the context, the contributions of key players within our nascent research group at UNIL and the established group of Tino Gäumann at EPFL, the role of external speakers, and the open atmosphere that was not yet polluted by bibliometrics, obsessive concern with im-pact factors, and top-down management of research. We shall also explain why the idea of 2D ICR-MS has been ignored for many years and still has a limited impact: different scientific cul-tures in the ICR and NMR communities, different concerns with fundamental vs. applied research, different status of theory and numerical simulations, different levels of commitment of instrument manufacturers, not to mention many theoretical problems that appear to be at least as challenging in ICR as in NMR.
Plant Fructans: Recent Advances in Metabolism, Evolution Aspects and Applications for Human Health
Authors: Han Zhigang , Shi Yan , Li Lige , Li Cong , Liu Jingjing , Zhang Xin-feng , Chen Donghong , Si Jin-ping
Published: April 2021

Fructan, a fructose polymer, is used as carbohydrate reserve in many plants. The nutritional and therapeutic benefits of fructans have attracted increasing interest by consumers and food industry. In the course of evolution, many plants have developed the ability of regulating plant frunctan metabolism genes to produce different structures and chain length fructans, which are strongly correlated with their survival in harsh environments. De nevo domestication of fructan-rich plants based on genome editing is a viable and promising approach to improve human dietary quality and reduce the risk of chronic disease. These advances will greatly facilitate breeding and production of tailor-made fructans as a healthy food ingredient from wild plants such as polygonati rhizoma. The purpose of this review is to broaden our knowledge on plant fructan biosynthesis, evolution and beneficial applications for human health.
Recombinant γY278H Fibrinogen Showed Normal Secretion from CHO Cells, but a Corresponding Heterozygous Patient Showed Hypofibrinogenemia
Authors: Kamijo Tomu , Kaido Takahiro , Yoda Masahiro , Arai Shinpei , Yamauchi Kazuyoshi , Okumura Nobuo
Published: April 2021

We identified a novel heterozygous hypofibrinogenemia, γY278H (Hiroshima). To demonstrate the cause of reduced plasma fibrinogen levels (functional level: 1.12 g/L and antigenic level: 1.16 g/L), we established γY278H fibrinogen-producing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated that synthesis of γY278H fibrinogen inside CHO cells and secretion into the culture media were not reduced. Then, we established an additional five variant fibrinogen-producing CHO cell lines (γL276P, γT277P, γT277R, γA279D, and γY280C) and performed further investigations. We have already established 33 γ-module variant fibrinogen-producing CHO cell lines including 6 cell lines in this study, but only the γY278H and γT277R cell lines showed disagreement, namely recombinant fibrinogen production was not reduced but the patients’ plasma fibrinogen level was reduced. Finally, we performed fibrinogen degradation assays and demonstrated that the γY278H and γT277R fibrinogens were easily cleaved by plasmin whereas their polymerization in the presence of Ca2+ and “D:D” interaction was normal. In conclusion, our investigation suggested that patient γY278H showed hypofibrinogenemia because γY278H fibrinogen is secreted normally from the patient’s hepatocytes but had accelerated degradation by plasmin in the circulation.
Effectiveness and Implications of Lecture Based Instruction in Maternal and Childcare to Students Social Competency Skills and Community Awareness
Authors: Malgapo Cherry Rose , Adjarani Nieves
Published: April 2021

Maternal-child care is one of the foundations of primary health care. Nurses’ competency skills they have been taught. Community awareness is an important part of preventive healthcare, and nurses must be aware of the factors that impact the health of the community. This study examines the effectiveness of lecture-based instructions in maternal and child care and its implications to students' social competency skills and community awareness in Nursing Colleges in Nueva Ecija, Philippines. The researcher uses survey questionnaire and employed the descriptive design where fifteen (15) nursing students and five (5) teachers were purposively selected. The findings revealed that the weighted mean for the effectiveness of lecture based instruction in maternal and child care is 3.91 with verbal description of “Effective”, the effects of lecture based instruction in maternal and childcare to students’ social competency skills and community awareness got the weighted mean of 3.87 and interpreted as “very satisfactory” and the effectiveness of actual community-based instruction is very effective with weighted mean of 4.25 and is higher compare to lecture based instruction. The results also revealed that students and teachers were challenged in lecture-based instruction in maternal and chi8ldcare during distance learning. Recommendations for the enhancement of lecture-based instruction in maternal and childcare in social competency skills and community awareness were also made.
Soil and Grassland Effects on Grassland Net Photosynthesis in Gannan, China, from 2000 to 2018
Authors: Nazieh Stephen , Zhang Meiling
Published: April 2021

What is the ideal soil-grass combination for maximum photosynthesis? In this study, we investigated how soil and grassland types affect photosynthesis in the grasslands of Gannan, China. We divided the grasslands of Gannan into 166 study sites, each with a unique soil-grass combination by intersecting the soil and ecoregion maps using ArcGIS. We obtained 19 years of data on the Net Photosynthesis (PsnNet) of grasslands in the area from 2000 to 2018 and then divided them into “growing season” (June to September) and “non-growing season” (October top May). Between 2000 and 2018, PsnNet of grasslands showed a gradually increasing trend. The effect of soil type on PsnNet was not significant during the growing season. However, it was highly significant during the non-growing season. Among the soil types, grasses that grew in Mollic, Gelic, and Haplic soils had the highest rate of photosynthesis. The difference in PsnNet among the various grass types was highly significant during both seasons. However, Tropical and Subtropical succulent evergreen broad-leaf shrubs and Temperate meadows had the highest rate of photosynthesis. Additionally, there was a highly significant difference in PsnNet among the various soil-grass interactions. In the growing season, TStEgBLS growing Eutric soils had the highest PsnNet. However, SaDBLS growing in Gelic soils had the the highest.
Municipal Capacity: A Greenbelt Focus
Authors: Geschiere Elise , Zink Regan , Sousa Emily
Published: April 2021

This session will reflect on the importance of rural and agri-food communities and provide key insights on the capacity of municipal governments to support the agriculture and agri-food sector and respond to rural issues. In Ontario, where the most agriculturally-viable land in Canada is located, municipalities are the most local level of government and are responsible for implementing provincial and federal policies and directives. However, little is known about the structure, knowledge base, and capacity of municipal governments to respond to agricultural and agri-food priorities and issues. A review of existing literature and municipal websites reveals that municipal planning departments are extremely varied and inconsistently staffed. This appears to be the surface of a much larger inconsistency related to financial resources, staff expertise, and council’s knowledge about agriculture and agri-food. Our team has completed the research related to this project and the findings of this study are informed by data collected via survey and semi-structured interviews from 66 municipalities in the Greenbelt. Findings indicate that there is an increasing knowledge gap related to agricultural planning and agri-food issues, and that fewer elected officials/planners have agricultural backgrounds, expertise, or training. This presents a threat to rural and agri-food communities as their livelihoods depend on the ability of council (and staff) to understand critical issues, protect farmland, and make agriculturally-supportive decisions. Agri-food communities are important and it is critical that our governance systems not only recognise that but also have the capacity to support, protect, and respond to the agri-food sector.
Aggregate and Agriculture: Cultivating Neighbourly Relations, Stories from Across Ontario
Authors: Reichheld Jeff , Hehl Emily , Zink Regan
Published: April 2021

Aggregate extraction and agriculture are prominent land uses in rural southern Ontario, and both industries are vital contributors to the provincial economy. However, these industries compete for the same land base and their operations have the potential to negatively impact the other. There is currently little research into this relationship, particularly at the site or neighbour scale. This project, in its third year, is designed to address this gap and to provide best management practices to both agricultural and aggregate operators, as well as local and provincial governments, about how these industries can better work together. While research has been conducted regarding the social impacts of aggregate extraction on rural residents, little is known regarding the social, economic, environmental and land use impacts on farms operating in close proximity to aggregate extraction activity. The aggregate industry is widely believed to cause a variety of undesirable impacts, including noise, dust, road traffic, extended hours of operation, as well as a loss of water quantity and quality. The development of best management practices is important to help mitigate these potential impacts, both at the local level and for rural communities at large. This presentation provides a summary of research to date as well a preliminary analysis of more than 150 farm surveys collected over the last year. Next steps include further consultation with aggregate operators and more in-depth  interviews with key informants from both industries.
How we teach children with asthma to use their inhaler: A scoping review
Authors: McCrossan Patrick , Mallon Orla , Shields Michael , Russell Catherine , Kennedy Lesley , O’Donoghue Dara
Published: April 2021

BackgroundOne reason that asthma remains poorly controlled in children is poor inhaler technique. Guidelines recommend checking inhaler technique at each clinical visit. However, they do not specify how best to train children to mastery of correct inhaler technique. Many children are simply shown how to use inhalers which results in less than 50% with correct inhaler technique. The aim of this scoping review is to explore published literature on teaching methods used to train children to master correct inhaler technique.MethodsWe searched (from inception onwards): Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL and the Cochrane library. We included quantitative studies, (e.g. randomised controlled trials, cohort studies and case-control studies), published from 1956 to present, on teaching inhaler technique to children with asthma. Data was extracted onto a data charting table to create a descriptive summary of the results. Data was then synthesised with descriptive statistics and visual mapping.ResultsTwenty-eight papers were identified for full text analysis. Educational interventions were found to be taking place in a variety of clinical areas and by a range of healthcare professional disciplines. ‘Brief-Instruction’ and ‘Teach-Back’ were identified as two primary methods of providing inhaler technique training in the majority of papers. Secondary themes identified were; use of written instruction, physical demonstration, video demonstrations and/or use of inhaler devices to augment inhaler technique training.ConclusionThere are a variety of means by which inhaler technique has been taught to children. We have not analysed the effectiveness of these different interventions, but have described what has been trialled before in an attempt to focus our attentions on what may potentially work best. The majority of these methods can be dichotomised to either ‘Brief-Intervention’ or ‘Teach-Back’. Based on our analysis of this scoping review, we consider the following as areas for future research; how many times does a given intervention have to be done in order to have the desired effect? For what duration does the intervention need to continue to have a long-lasting effect? And, what is the best outcome measure for inhaler technique? Systematic review registration: Open Science Framework (osf.io/n7kcw).
Did The Animal Move? A Cross-Wavelet Approach to Qeolocation Data Reveals Year-Round Whereabouts of A Resident Seabird
Authors: Roy Amédée , Delord Karine , Nunes Guilherme T. , Barbraud Christophe , Bugoni Leandro , Lanco-Bertrand Sophie
Published: April 2021

Considerable progress in our understanding of long-distance migration has been achieved thanks to the use of small lightweight geolocator devices (GLS). Errors of geolocation are however important, difficult to estimate, have a complex structure leading to poor precision and accuracy. Thus, the study of short-distance migrants or resident birds remains challenging. Here we aimed at elucidating the sex-specific marine space uses of a resident tropical seabird, the masked booby ( Sula dactylatra ) over the full annual life cycle at the Fernando de Noronha archipelago (Brazil), using GLS and synchronicity analyses between movement and saltwater immersion data. Masked boobies (n = 31) showed a resident behaviour over their entire annual cycle. We inferred from the wavelet analysis that birds traveled way and back from the colony on consecutive trips of short length (~ 2-4 days) and short range (~ 100-300 km) from the east of the colony. Duration and range of trips depended on the sex of the individual and on the time of the year. Trip duration increased gradually from the end of the breeding period to the post-breeding period, probably due to the release of the central-place breeding constraints. During the pre-breeding period, females had farther ranges eastward and spent more time in water than males. Despite inherent limits of light-based geolocation, synchronicity analysis of geolocation data revealed year round whereabouts of the resident tropical masked booby and sex-specific movement behaviour, which could be used more broadly to investigate resident or short-migrants animal movement based on GLS data.
Gas-Phase Advanced Oxidation (GPAO) for Gas Containing Benzene Series by Ultraviolet Irradiation/Hydrogen Peroxide Vapour (UV/[H2O2]g) Process
Authors: Jiang Yuping , SONG Juanjuan , Zhu Andong
Published: April 2021

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has the remarkable characteristics of strong oxidation, in which its vapour ([H2O2]g)has further advantages, such as economize and good light transmission. But there is very rare research about its degradation effect in Gas-Phase Advanced Oxidation (GPAO). In the present study, the photochemical oxidation for gas containing benzene series, using ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and [H2O2]g, was investigated in a transparent bag made of fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP). Only UV or [H2O2]g hardly reduced the pollutant in 5 hours in which the reactor was also stable. With the high pollutant concentration (248 to 756 mg/m3) and short residence time (3S) compared with the related studies, studying the degradation of benzene, toluene and xylene, the apparent rate by UV/[H2O2]g/(powder active carbon, PAC) was higher compared with the different way (UV/[H2O2]g, UV/[H2O2]g/TiO2 and UV/[H2O2]g/ZnO), but it was found that the terminal degradation by UV/[H2O2]g significantly decreased, in which the conductivity decreased after reaction. The effects of increasing pollutant concentration and H2O2 pH were negative for the treament, but the UV radiated power positive till 40W. In addition, the characteristic absorbance for three benzene series showed that the key structure of pollutant molecule were damaged in GPAO.
Study on the improved internal feedback system of Rapidplan model
Authors: Li Kuo , Yang Pan , Zhang Xinqiang , Yu Shuang , Tao Cheng , Ma Changsheng
Published: April 2021

Objective: To study whether an interactive improved internal feedback system with the model can be established, we aimed to compare the plans generated by two automatic planning models generated under the same conditions.Methods: 70 cases of pelvic patients were selected. Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans (P0) generated by clinical model (M0) were imported into Rapidplan model, in order to establish dose volume histogram (DVH) predicted model through automatic planning model in clinical used, and the new Rapidplan model (M1) was generated by training and structure matching settings. 70 new IMRT plans (P1) were generated by M1, and new Rapidplan model (M2) was training by P1. By the same way, 70 IMRT plans (Plan2) were generated by M2. Dosimetric differences between P1 and P2 were compared and analysised.Results: From the inside of the model, the values of R22 and X22 in P2 were higher than those in P1, and the CD values of bladder, right femoral head and rectum in P1 were higher than those of corresponding organs in P2. The SR value of bladder and the SR and DA values of left femoral head and right femoral head in P1 were lower than those of P2. In terms of planning, the D2, D98 and HI in P1 were better than those in P2 (P<0.01), the bladder V10 and left femoral head V40 in P2 were lower than those in P1 by 0.08% and 0.15%, respectively (P<0.05), the others in P2 were higher than those in P1 (P<0.05) except the bladder V20, Dmean, rectum V10, V20, V30, right femoral head V10 and V40; and the MUs of P2 was lower than that of P1 for 132.2 (P<0.05).Conclusion: The stability of M2 is stronger than that of M1. Therefore, it can be considered that the interactive improved internal feedback system within the model of "plan-model-plan-model" is feasible and meaningful.
Validation of the of Mid-Thigh Bone, Muscle and Fat Mass by Densitometry as a Sensitive and Practical Region of Interest for the Diagnosis of Tissue Loss Syndromes
Authors: Hassan Ebrahim Bani , Putra Fernan Munandar , Vogrin Sara , Pasco Julie A , Kotowicz Mark A , Duque Gustavo
Published: April 2021

Purpose: The prevalence of musculoskeletal tissue loss syndromes (osteoporosis and sarcopenia), as well as obesity and their combinations, is on the rise. Previous reports indicate mid-thigh dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is well-suited for the simultaneous assessment of bone, muscle, and fat mass in a single scan.Methods: Using DXA images of 1322 community-dwelling adults (57% women, age 58.2 ± 15.6 SD), bone, lean and fat mass were quantified in five regions of interest (ROIs): a) a 2.6 cm; and b) a 13 cm thick slice of mid-thigh; c) whole thigh; d) whole calf; and e) forearm. Conventional indices of tissue mass i.e. appendicular lean mass, hip, and spine bone mineral density (BMD) and total, gynoid and android fat mass, were also calculated. Their associations with muscle strength (handgrip strength) and performance (timed-up-and-go [TUG] and gait speed), as well as falls and fractures, were investigated.Results: Lean mass in all ROIs was well-correlated with outcomes, and according to regression analyses, lean mass explained two-thirds, a third and a quarter of the variability in the handgrip strength (r2= 0.63 to 0.64, p<0.001), TUG (r2= 0.34 to 0.37, p<0.001) and gait speed (r2= 0.25 to 0.27, p<0.001), respectively. Lean masses were negatively associated with falls only when corrected for BMI. In the ≥60yo cohort, only mid-thigh lean mass corrected for BMI was associated with decreased odds of falls (24%, p=0.029). In all assessed ROIs, BMD was associated with the number of incident fractures within five years (OR= 0.72 to 0.93, p=0.034 to <0.001). Increased fat mass was associated with increased TUG time and decreased odds of fractures. Muscle indices corrected for BMI performed better, compared to those uncorrected or corrected for height2.Conclusion: Compared to the conventional indices and four other ROIs, mid-thigh tissue masses were associated with markers of muscle performance. Mid-thigh BMD and lean mass were superior and showed more consistent and more robust associations with adverse outcomes (falls and fractures), particularly in the older population.
Transmembrane Signaling Molecules Play a Key Role in Progression of IgA Nephropathy: A Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis Study
Authors: Gholaminejad Alieh , Roointan Amir , Gheisari Yousof
Published: April 2021

Background: Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the most common primary glomerulonephritis and a serious health concern worldwide; though, still the underlying molecular mechanisms of IgAN are yet to be known and there is no efficient treatment for this disease. The main goal of this study was to explore the IgAN underlying pathogenic pathways, plus identifying the disease correlated modules and genes using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) algorithm. Results: GSE104948 dataset was analyzed and the identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were introduced to the WGCNA algorithm for building co-expression modules. Genes were classified into six co-expression modules. Genes of the disease most correlated module were mainly enriched in the immune system, cell-cell communication and transmembrane cell signaling pathways. The PPI network was constructed by genes in all the modules and after hub-gene identification and validation steps, 11 genes, mostly transmembrane proteins (CD44, TLR1, TLR2, GNG11, CSF1R, TYROBP, ITGB2, PECAM1), as well as DNMT1, CYBB and PSMB9 were identified as potential key players in the IgAN progression. In the constructed regulatory network, miR-129-2, miR-34a and miR-27a, as well as STAT3 were spotted as top molecules orchestrating the regulation of the hub genes.Conclusions: The excavated hub genes from the hearts of co-expressed modules and PPI network were mostly transmembrane signaling molecules. These genes and their upstream regulators could deepen our understanding of IgAN and be considered as potential targets for hindering its progression.
Optical Transitions from Hexavalent Chromium in Lithium-Borate Glasses
Authors: Slibi Dhia-Aldin , Hassan Moukhtar , El-Fattah Zakaria M. Abd , Atallah M. , El-Sherbiny M. A. , Farouk M.
Published: April 2021

The melt-quenching technique was used to prepare a series of chromium-doped borate glasses with the composition xCr2O3 - (70-x) B2O3- 30 Li2O- (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 mol %). The low-doping level here employed allowed to unambiguously identify well-defined near-edge Cr6+ optical transitions, and to precisely determine the optical band gap of the borate glass host. Additional Cr3+ transitions were observed in the visible regime, rendering a strong modulation of the glass color, from colorless to dark greenish, with Cr content. Both Cr6+(after the charge transfer transformation into Cr5+) and Cr3+oxidation states and their variations with Cr doping were identified from electron spin resonance spectroscopy. All samples exhibit similar vibrational spectra dominated by BO3 and BO4 structural units, with the development of weak Cr6+ vibration with Cr doping. The present study provides structurally similar but optically active and tunable glass hosts suitable for various optical applications.
All-Solid-State Proton-Based Tandem Structure Achieving Ultrafast Switching Electrochromic Windows
Authors: Shao Zewei , huang Aibin , Ming Chen , Bell John , Yu Pu , Sun Yi-Yang , Jin Liangmao , Ma Liyun , Luo Hongjie , Jin Ping , Cao Xun
Published: April 2021

All-solid-state electrochromic devices (ECDs) for smart-window applications currently suffer from limited ion diffusion speed, which lead to slow coloration and bleaching processes. Here, we design an all-solid-state tandem structure with protons as diffusing species achieving an ultrafast switching ECD. We use WO3 as the electrochromic material, while poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as the solid-state proton source to enable fast switching. This structure by itself exhibits low optical modulation (i.e., difference of on/off transmittance). We further introduce a solid polymeric electrolyte layer on top of PEDOT:PSS to form a tandem structure, which provides Na+ ions to PEDOT:PSS and pump protons there to the WO3 layer through ion exchange. Our new all-solid-state ECD features high optical modulation (>92% at 650 nm), fast response (coloration to 90% in 0.7 s and bleaching to 65% in 0.9 s and 90% in 7.1 s) and excellent stability (<10% degradation after 3000 cycles). Large-area (30×40 cm2) as well as flexible devices are fabricated to demonstrate the great potential for scaling up.