bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MHD Boundary Layer Flow due to an Exponentially Stretching Surface Through Porous Medium with Radiation Effect and Chemical Reaction
Authors: Ahmed Ayesh  , Faisal Salah
Published: October 2023

In this study, the numerical solutions for an exponentially stretching sheet with radiation effects, chemical reaction and a heat sink is obtained for the problem of MHD boundary layer flow. By using similarity transformation, the PDEs ruling system is converted into an ODEs system. The resulting nonlinear equations governing the flow problem are numerically solved by a successive linearization method (SLM) using MATLAB software. The significance of this paper is to show and compare the results of solving velocity, temperature, and concentration equations in the existence of changes through SLM for presenting it as appropriate and accurate method for solving nonlinear differential equations. Tables with the numerical data are created for comparison and displayed graphically. Analysis and studies of the effects of different parameters are conducted. The numerical values for the local skin friction coefficient, local Sherwood number, and local Nusselt number are tabulated and explained. The study demonstrates that different parameters have a substantial impact on the fluid flow profiles. It was noted that the concentration patterns were impacted by the reaction rate parameter. In addition, it was found that as the magnetic and radiation parameters increase in value, the local heat transfer rate at the surface decreases.
Optimizing Incident Detection Thresholds Using the A* Algorithm: An Enhanced Approach for the California Algorithm
Authors: Puangnak Korn , Tiawongsuwan Manthana
Published: October 2023

This paper presents an improved version of the California Algorithm (CA), focusing on threshold selection criteria. The CA is a widely recognized incidence detection algorithm used as a benchmark for comparison with newly developed incident detection algorithms. This study proposes criteria for threshold selection in CA based on the A* algorithm, which aims to find optimal thresholds using a Performance Index (PI) as a cost function. Our proposed method reduces processing time by optimizing resource utilization and establishes a standard for threshold selection in CA for comparison and evaluation purposes. Experimental results from our proposed method demonstrate its effectiveness in reducing the complexity required to determine optimal thresholds. Optimization of the CA method using the A* algorithm results in a 98.68% reduction in the number of nodes searched compared to a Complete Search Tree (CST).
Public Theology, the Church and Youth Development in Ghana
Authors: Opuni-Frimpong Kwabena
Published: October 2023

The article is an examination of theological insights that Public Theology provides for the development of young people in Ghana. The article argued that the church is strategically positioned to make significant responses to contemporary challenges confronting youth development through its Public Theology. The study affirmed that the churches provide spiritual guidance, Christian education, entrepreneurship programmes, support systems and youth-focused ministries which help the youth to develop a sense of purpose and a strong moral compass such as integrity, compassion and social responsibility. The young people however face the challenge of unemployment, moral decadence, social neglect, relationships and the effects of corruption. The study recommends that through its theological resources, the church must play a vital role in youth development by paying attention to the socialization processes of the youth at home, church and school. Moreover, attention must be paid to mentoring which facilitates the process of discovering the right persons for leadership, entrepreneurship, social transformation and advocacy for young people to be empowered to make significant contributions to church growth and nation building.

Keywords: African Christianity, Public Theology, Youth Development
Cultural Discipleship as a Means of Preserving the Christian Faith
Authors: Agyei Felix Cornelius
Published: October 2023

This article examined how understanding of culture and gospel engagement can lead to the transformation of culture in a process called cultural discipleship which in turn, can lead to the preservation of the Christian faith. The research was predominantly literature-based research which gathered data from books, and articles. The literature revealed that the Christian faith and culture have always transformed each other and hence culture can be transformed (discipled) to respond appropriately to the gospel and this will serve as a means of preserving the Christian faith. The paper contributes to the public theological discourse on how the gospel relates to culture. It also enlightens Christians on how to practically engage culture with the gospel instead of seeing culture as evil.

Keywords: Gospel and Culture, Cultural Discipleship, Preserving The Christian Faith
PRECISION EVALUATION FOR DIFFERENT GNSS RINEX 3 USING ONLINE SERVICES AND OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE PPP-MANS
Authors: Shehata Ashraf G. , Zarzoura Fawzi H. , El-Mewafi Mahmoud
Published: October 2023

It is critical to evaluate the reliability of using free online processing software for Global Navigation Satellite System post-processing since the advancement of GNSS gives satellite navigation customers all over the world great benefits. AUSPOS, IBGE, Magic GNSS, CSRS-PPP, and open-source software are some of the online processing solutions being evaluated for accuracy in this study. GNSS observations from IGS were used to conduct field observations using RINEX 3 data from three stations, with an observation duration of 30 seconds. After data acquisition, it was processed with online and free software that made use of GPS, GPS, and GLONASS. When compared to coordinates obtained from reference stations, the relative differences and correctness of the coordinates generated by each piece of software were then evaluated. coordinates in the ITRF14 reference for the X, Y, and Z directions. Online GNSS processing services may be used with greater accuracy for engineering and geodetic applications and are simple to use without the need for GNSS data processing expertise.
X-Rays Trace the Volatile Content of Interstellar Objects
Authors: Cabot Samuel H. C. , Wang Q. Daniel , Seligman Darryl Z.
Published: October 2023

The nondetection of a coma surrounding 1I/‘Oumuamua, the first discovered interstellar object (ISO), has prompted a variety of hypotheses to explain its nongravitational acceleration. Given that forthcoming surveys are poised to identify analogs of this enigmatic object, it is prudent to devise alternative approaches to characterization. In this study, we posit X-ray spectroscopy as a surprisingly effective probe of volatile ISO compositions. Heavily ionized metals in the solar wind interact with outgassed neutrals and emit high-energy photons in a process known as charge exchange, and charge-exchange-induced X-rays from comets and planetary bodies have been observed extensively in our solar system. We develop a model to predict the X-ray flux of an ISO based on its chemical inventory and ephemeris. We find that while standard cometary constituents, such as H2O, CO2, CO, and dust, are best probed via optical or infrared observations, we predict strong X-ray emission generated by charge exchange with extended comae of H2 and N2—species that lack strong infrared fluorescence transitions. We find that XMM-Newton would have been sensitive to charge exchange emission from 1I/‘Oumuamua during the object’s close approach to Earth, and that constraints on composition may have been feasible. We argue for follow-up X-ray observations of newly discovered ISOs with close-in perihelia. Compositional constraints on the general ISO population could reconcile the apparently self-conflicting nature of 1I/‘Oumuamua and provide insight into the earliest stages of planet formation in extrasolar systems.
Understanding the Lateral Drifting of an Erupting Filament with a Data-constrained Magnetohydrodynamic Simulation
Authors: Guo 郭 J. H. 金涵 , Qiu 邱 Y. 晔 , Ni 倪 Y. W. 仪伟 , Guo 郭 Y. 洋 , Li 李 C. 川 , Gao 高 Y. H. 宇航 , Schmieder B. , Poedts S. , Chen 陈 P. F. 鹏飞
Published: October 2023

Solar filaments often exhibit rotation and deflection during eruptions, which would significantly affect the geoeffectiveness of the corresponding coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that lead to such rotation and lateral displacement of filaments is a great concern to space weather forecasting. In this paper, we examine an intriguing filament eruption event observed by the Chinese Hα Solar Explorer and the Solar Dynamics Observatory. The filament, which eventually evolves into a CME, exhibits significant lateral drifting during its rising. Moreover, the orientation of the CME flux rope axis deviates from that of the pre-eruptive filament observed in the source region. To investigate the physical processes behind these observations, we perform a data-constrained magnetohydrodynamic simulation. Many prominent observational features in the eruption are reproduced by our numerical model, including the morphology of the eruptive filament, eruption path, and flare ribbons. The simulation results reveal that the magnetic reconnection between the flux rope leg and neighboring low-lying sheared arcades may be the primary mechanism responsible for the lateral drifting of the filament material. Such a reconnection geometry leads to flux rope footpoint migration and a reconfiguration of its morphology. As a consequence, the filament material hosted in the flux rope drifts laterally, and the CME flux rope deviates from the pre-eruptive filament. This finding underscores the importance of external magnetic reconnection in influencing the orientation of a flux rope axis during eruption.
The High-redshift Clusters Occupied by Bent Radio AGN (COBRA) Survey: Investigating the Role of Environment on Bent Radio AGNs Using LOFAR
Authors: Golden-Marx Emmet , Moravec E. , Shen L. , Cai Z. , Blanton E. L. , Gendron-Marsolais M. L. , Röttgering H. J. A. , van Weeren R. J. , Buiten V. , Grumitt R. D. P. , Golden-Marx J. , Pinjarkar S. , Tang H.
Published: October 2023

Bent radio active galactic nucleus (AGN) morphology depends on the density of the surrounding gas. However, bent sources are found inside and outside clusters, raising the question of how environment impacts bent AGN morphology. We analyze new LOw-Frequency Array the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) Data Release II observations of 20 bent AGNs in clusters and 15 not in clusters from the high-z Clusters Occupied by Bent Radio AGN (COBRA) survey (0.35 < z < 2.35). We measure the impact of environment on size, lobe symmetry, and radio luminosity. We find that the most asymmetric radio lobes lie outside of clusters, and we uncover a tentative anticorrelation between the total projected physical area and cluster overdensity. Additionally, we, for the first time, present spectral index measurements of a large sample of high-z bent sources using LoTSS and Very Large Array Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-centimeters (VLA FIRST) observations. We find that the median spectral index for the cluster sample is −0.76 ± 0.01, while the median spectral index for the noncluster sample is −0.81 ± 0.02. Furthermore, 13 of 20 cluster bent AGNs have flat cores (α ≥ −0.6) compared to 4 of 15 of noncluster bent AGNs, indicating a key environmental signature. Beyond core spectral index, bent AGNs inside and outside clusters are remarkably similar. We conclude that the noncluster sample may be more representative of bent AGNs at large offsets from the cluster center (> 1.2 Mpc) or bent AGNs in weaker groups rather than the field.
Hydrogen-Driven Microbial Redox Reactions in Deep Geosystems
Authors: Krüger Martin , Dohrmann Anja
Published: October 2023

In the subsurface, biotic and abiotic processes can generate and consume hydrogen. Hydrogen has a low reduction potential and is thus a highly energetic electron donor when involved in sulfate, carbon dioxide or ferric iron reduction. Although known as important drivers for the deep biosphere, the contributions of different processes to hydrogen turnover in different geosystems still are not well understood. In context with the ongoing transformation to renewable energy resources, underground H2 storage (UHS) in deep porous or salt cavern systems came into focus. In situ microbial and geochemical reactions that consume H2 are highly relevant topics in deep biosphere research, and also are still a major uncertainty during UHS.

Consequently, we studied the potential microbial hydrogen oxidation rates – combined with the possible production of metabolic products like H2S, acetic acid or CH4 - in formation fluids from natural gas fields and salt caverns, thereby considering the importance of in situ pressure and temperature conditions, fluid chemistry and mineral composition. In addition, more defined experiments were conducted with selected pure cultures representing important metabolic groups of deep biosphere microorganisms.

Several original formation fluids showed immediate H2 consumption. Microorganisms oxidized hydrogen at relevant in situ pressure conditions (up to 100 bar) and tolerated dynamically changing pressure and temperature conditions. The microbial hydrogen oxidation rate was strongly dependent on H2 partial pressures and the availability of e.g., sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons indicated hydrogen oxidation by sulfate reducing bacteria to be the presumed process in the studied porous rock reservoir fluids. In addition, hydrogen turnover by methanogenic and acetogenic as well as iron-reducing microorganisms was investigated. Also, the importance of biotic reactions in relation to abiotic hydrogen turnover processes at mineral surfaces will be discussed.
The Impact of Phosphorus Level on Vivianite Precipitation during Microbial Reduction of Ferrihydrite
Authors: Shao Xiaoqing , DiLoreto Zach , Liu Huan , Lu Xiancai , Dittrich Maria
Published: October 2023

Iron minerals play a pervasive role in the cycling of phosphorus (P) within both terrestrial and aquatic environments. The behavior of P, especially in oxygen-depleted environments, is frequently regulated by changing redox conditions and the associated phase transformations of Fe (III) (hydr)oxides (Borch and Fendorf 2007). Although the stability of Fe (III) hydroxides under changing redox conditions is well established, the relationship between specific minerals and their influence on the mechanisms of P retention and release remain unclear. In particular, the minerals vivianite (Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O) and ferrihydrite (Fe2O3·0.5H2O) are of interest. Vivianite crystallization in sediments has attracted increasing attention as a major contributor to P retention during early diagenesis (Slomp et al. 2013) and ferrihydrite reduction has been linked to fluctuating P concentrations which can impact vivianite crystallization. Additionally, there exists strong biological controls on these minerals as the reduction of Fe (III) oxides by dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria may result in the formation of a suite of Fe (II)-bearing secondary minerals (O’Loughlin et al. 2021). To better understand the biogeochemical mechanisms behind these interactions, we examined the effects of fluctuating P concentrations on the reduction of ferrihydrite by Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 and resulting vivianite formation.

In this study, bio-reduction experiments were conducted under sterile conditions in serum bottles containing 80 mL of mineral medium, with 80 mM Fe (III) in the form of Ferrihydrite, and various P concentrations (0, 1 mM, and 10 mM). The bottles were placed on a roller drum (180 rpm) and incubated at 30 oC in the dark for 15 days. Dissolved Fe (II), P concentrations, pH, and optical density (OD) values throughout the experiments were also measured. Our results showed that during incubation, Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 accelerated Ferrihydrite reduction as the dissolved iron (Fe2+) concentration increased significantly when compared to other bacterial and ferrihydrite treatments, as well as the control treatment. Additionally, P in both the 1mM and 10mM treatments was depleted after 5 and 7 days, respectively, and resulted in crystalline precipitates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses of precipitates showed well-formed and highly crystalline vivianite particles of up to 30 µm in length in high P level. Some crystalline precipitates were confirmed as vivianite through SEM and Raman spectroscopy matching a known vivianite reference (Taylor et al. 2008), but only within the 10mM P incubations. After 15 days of incubation the morphology of the vivianite changed from aggregates of lath-shaped crystals to acicular crystals (Fig. 1). Based on our results, fluctuating P concentrations do indeed have a pronounced effect on ferrihydrite reduction and thus vivianite formation.
Comparing the microbial communities in and End-pit lake, active tailings ponds and freshwater bodies from the Athabasca oil sands region
Authors: Villegas Torres Montserrat , Dunfield Peter
Published: October 2023

The Athabasca oil sands region in northern Alberta is home to one of the largest bitumen deposits in the world. Oil sands are mostly recovered via surface mining and the oil extraction is achieved with hot caustic water and diluents, a process that produces liquid tailings waste (CEC 2020, Schramm et al. 2000). It is estimated that 1 m3 of bitumen produces around 4 m3 of tailings, which are contained in large tailings ponds (Mikula et al. 1996). End-pit lakes are a potential strategy to reclaim mining pits created by oil sands mining. They may be formed by filling a mined-out pit with tailings and then capping it with a layer of fresh water. With time, tailings undergo a dewatering process in which they become denser and release water to the cap water (Charette et al. 2012).

Base Mine Lake (BML) is the first full-scale demonstration end-pit lake in the Canadian oil sands industry. This former tailings pond was initially capped in 2012 with a 5 m layer of freshwater to allow for consolidation of the tailings and the stimulation of aerobic microbial communities to biodegrade the organic pollutants. Since its establishment, BML has been extensively monitored to assess the improvement in water quality.

The present research focused on determining how the eukaryotic and bacterial communities in BML compare to those in local freshwater bodies and active tailings ponds. Eleven reference sites, including freshwater reservoirs, natural lakes, and 9- to 14-year-old excavated pits filled with water, also known as borrow pits, were sampled along with 5 active tailings ponds and BML during the summer of 2022. Microbial communities were assessed via next-generation sequencing of PCR amplicons of the 16S rRNA gene for bacteria and the 18S rRNA gene for eukaryotes.

Alpha-diversity analysis of the eukaryotic communities showed that BML has greater species richness and evenness than active tailings ponds, but lower than freshwater systems. The bacterial community in both BML and active tailings ponds is dominated by Proteobacteria, but the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota is similar between BML and freshwater. Beta-diversity analysis revealed that eukaryotic and bacterial communities in BML cluster distinctly from both the freshwater controls and active tailings ponds, however, the composition of the eukaryotic community shows some overlap with certain freshwater systems (Fig. 1). The results of this research suggest that, 10 years after its formation, the microbial communities in BML are intermediate between an active tailings pond and a freshwater lake.
Tarachoptera: The extinct and enigmatic cousins of Trichoptera and Lepidoptera, with descriptions of two new species
Authors: Mey Wolfram , Wichard Wilfried
Published: October 2023

Two new species of fossil Tarachoptera are described from Burmese amber and named as Tarachocelis emmarossaesp. nov. and Kinitocelis patrickmuellerisp. nov. The new species are documented by photos and line drawings. An update of the hitherto described taxa of Tarachoptera is provided including information about the depository of type material. The phylogenetic position of Tarachoptera in the amphiesmenopteran clade is discussed. A hypothetical cladogram based on cladistic principles was constructed to demonstrate the phylogenetic relationship combining Tarachoptera, Trichoptera, and Lepidoptera. It might serve as guidance in the interpretation of fossil taxa and future discoveries.
Co-occurrence of lung adenocarcinoma and pulmonary fibrosis in a patient: A comprehensive case study and review of existing literature on the successful utilization of nintedanib
Authors: Zlatanova Tanya , Arabadjiev Jeliazko
Published: October 2023

Both lung carcinoma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have an adverse prognosis, and the co-existence of both diseases is not uncommon. We introduce a clinical case involving a patient diagnosed with concurrent occurrences of lung adenocarcinoma and IPF. The patient underwent a therapeutic regimen comprising the administration of docetaxel in conjunction with nintedanib. This treatment approach was followed by the sustained utilization of maintenance nintedanib over an extended duration, leading to substantial enhancements in the patient’s quality of life. Furthermore, we discuss the few therapeutic options concerning this clinical challenge and possible future therapeutic options.
Five new species of Bryaxis Kugelann (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae) from Korea and a nomenclatural note on Bryaxis mahunkai Löbl
Authors: Choi Yeon-Jae , Park Sun-Jae , Lee Seung-Gyu , Park Jong-Seok
Published: October 2023

The genus Bryaxis Kugelann (Goniaceritae: Bythinini) is the most species-rich genus of the subfamily Pselaphinae and is mainly distributed in the Palearctic region. Although previous studies have documented 14 species in the Korean Peninsula, the true diversity, ecology, and immature stages of the genus are still inadequately known. In this study, five new Korean species are described: B. grandinodussp. nov., B. uljinensissp. nov., B. fabaiformissp. nov., B. girinensissp. nov., and B. nemorosussp. nov. Illustrations of the habitus and other morphological details, and a distribution map are provided. In addition, Bryaxis leechanyoungi Nomura & Lee, 1993 is proposed as a new synonym of B. mahunkai Löbl, 1975 based on the original description and illustrations of diagnostic characters.
Preoperative Transcatheter Arterial Embolization for Spontaneous Rupture of Huge Amebic Liver Abscess with Massive Intraperitoneal Hemorrhage
Authors: Koesbandono  , Utomo Raditya , Lukito Benyamin , Treser Jusef , Sindunata Nyoman Aditya
Published: October 2023

An 18-year-old male developed a huge liver abscess with severe anemia over the course of 2 weeks. Abdominal contrast enhanced computed tomography showed ruptured huge liver abscess in the right liver lobe with signs of active hemorrhage (contrast extravasation). Serology examination confirmed amoeba as the suspected pathogen of cause. Angiography was performed followed by transcatheter arterial embolization to localize and control the hemorrhage. Embolization using a combination of polyvinyl alcohol and gelfoam successfully controlled the active hemorrhage. Exploratory laparotomy was performed to evacuate and debride the huge abscess. Metronidazole was given and showed good results. Huge liver abscess size is a predictor of conservative management failure and requires a gradual step-up intervention. The purpose of this paper is to explain the importance of imaging in detecting liver abscess and active hemorrhage along with the role of interventional radiology in this case.
Characterization of a polypropylene and polyethylene compound for the production of bricks in non-structural walls
Authors: Salcedo Rodriguez Mabel Zahira , Castañeda Losada Ana Maria , Gil Hernandez Jackson Andres , Orobio Quiñones Armando
Published: October 2023

This paper investigates the feasibility of using recycled plastic composed of polypropylene (PP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), as a basis for the fabrication of plastic bricks for non-structural walls starting from the material characterization. The deformation properties of plastic bricks were evaluated under the application of compression, flexural and traction forces; the thermal analysis of the material was carried out by means of the ignition test, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and its water ab-sorption capacity was also tested. Satisfactory results were obtained in the tests carried out; It was found that the compressive strength of the material complies with the requirements of standard specifications for conventional bricks (clay - concrete), and the physicochemical properties of the composite meet specifications of material for use in non-structural walls; which makes it an innovative material with enormous potential for use in the construction sector.
Intelligent Surveillance Using Robot Eye and Sensor System
Authors: Swamy Puchala Jaswanth Phaneendra , Reddy B. YeswanthKumar , Chandrasekhar K.
Published: October 2023

Majority of the advancements, which have been made in the field of robotics are employed in household applications. Surveillance systems are used in guarding and security applications of household and workplaces. This paper presents an advanced surveillance system which integrates sensor system, robot technology and intelligent programming. Robotic surveillance system can be used to replace human guards in dangerous surveillance conditions. Several robots have been developed to assist in these operations. But the full scale employment of robots in crucial fields such as surveillance, security in defence industries and military bases is very limited. The system's overall structure is described, along with descriptions of each component. The robotic system consists of robot eyes, which are capable of sensing an object through IR sensor capability. This robotic system helps in the identification of human presence and alerting respective owners. These operations, performed by the robotic system are achieved using sensors, several number of servo motors, Arduino microcontroller. These components are placed in their respective locations, within a body which is fabricated using the 3D printing technology. The sensors in the robotic system capture the movements of objects. The robotic eyes are fitted with cameras which capture the movements. The robotic system is programmed in such a way that the robotic eyes, move in the direction of object which has been sensed by the sensors and focus on it. If there are multiple moving objects, then one robotic eye focuses on one object, while the other robotic eye focuses on another object. The captured surveillance footage can be viewed through a monitor connected to the robotic system.
Technical Implementation of the Concept of Using Gel-Forming Systems to Protect Tanks with Oil Products from Thermal Effects of a Fire
Authors: Savchenko Alexander , Basmanov Oleksii , Hovalenkov Serhii
Published: October 2023

The work theoretically substantiated and practically implemented the technical solution for supplying the components of gel-forming system (GFS). This allows implementing the concept of using gels to protect tanks with oil products from thermal emission. The response time in case of fire at the unloading-loading racks is determined. Criteria for supplying GFS components for cooling the walls of railway tanks have been developed. The ejection method for supplying GFS components is defined as promising. A device that allows supplying GFS components without structural changes in standard firefighting equipment has been developed and manufactured.
Enhancing Cable Gland Design Efficiency through TRIZ-Driven Innovation
Authors: Jain Ishant , Reddy Sudhakar
Published: October 2023

This study introduces a novel approach to cable gland design through the utilization of TRIZ tools. A cable gland serves two primary functions: retaining and sealing cables within an enclosure, while also offering secondary features such as earthing and cable protection. The number of components in a gland type is determined by functional requirements. Given its classification as a low-cost, high-volume product, the competitive edge lies in achieving reduced selling costs and simplified installation. Addressing key challenges, which include a high component count (currently nine) and a cumbersome installation process, forms the core focus of this work. The research outlines the TRIZ-guided process and methodology employed to devise inventive solutions to these issues, resulting in a component reduction from nine to four. Moreover, the study encompasses the incorporation of various constraints in the development of efficient cable gland designs, yielding several innovative concepts. The paper also introduces proposed system designs and architectures, established based on TRIZ-derived inventive principles, paving the way for subsequent system prototype development. The work underscores the accelerated problem identification and solution generation facilitated by TRIZ tools. The evolving concept is presently situated within the feasibility and design phase, effectively addressing both primary and secondary challenges through TRIZ methodologies. Keywords: Inventive Problem solving, TRIZ, Engineering Problem, Cabled land, Trimming
Improvement of the Prototype of the Compressed Air Foam System and its Testing
Authors: Kodrik Anatolii , Titenko Oleksandr , Vinogradov Stanislav , Shakhov Stanislav
Published: October 2023

The prototype of the compressed air foam system was improved based on the evaluation of the numerical parameters obtained with the help of the developed mathematical model of the foam generation process and the pneumatic-hydraulic scheme. The prototype provides the possibility of foam generation both in autonomous mode, due to the installation of cylinders with compressed gas, and in stationary mode, due to the supply of compressed air from an external source. This allows the use of an improved model of the compressed air foam system both in stationary mode (dry pipes, gas stations, etc.) and for use on heavy and light fire trucks, which is important for large cities. Testing of the improved prototype of the system for extinguishing model fires was carried out. The system provides extinguishing of model fires of class 183 B and 144 B when using both a general-purpose foaming agent and a special film-forming foaming agent. When using a film-forming foaming agent, the extinguishing time was reduced by 1.75 times, the consumption of fire extinguishing solution by 1.47 times. But at the same time, it should be taken into account that the cost of the film-forming foaming agent Sofir (sofirafff 6 %) is more than 3.2 times the cost of the general-purpose foaming agent Sofir. The effectiveness of the improved model in extinguishing class A fires was also confirmed. The autonomous compressed air foam system ensures extinguishing of a class 4 A model fire in 90 seconds. Dry foam with a factor of 14 is noted to be more effective in extinguishing solid combustible substances.
Coconut Shell Charcoal Combination with Teakwood Sawdust (CSC-TS): An Effective Low-Cost Adsorbent for the Removal Cr(VI) Ion on Industrial Waste
Authors: Masykuri Mohammad , Zain Arsy Rachma
Published: October 2023

The main goals of this study were to develop activated carbon (AC) from coconut shell charcoal (CSC) combination with teakwood sawdust (TS), combination of both on this study was known with (CSC-TS) as a pledging alternative treatment for perilous Cr(VI) metal from industrial waste which investigated with Batch method. Both AC treated differently, coconut shell charcoal prepared with three stages include dehydration with microwave assisted at 373 K for 24 hours, carbonization under 773 K for 1 hour and followed by chemical activation using H3PO4 10% for 24 hours. Meanwhile, teakwood sawdust prepared only with two stages include dehydration and chemical activation without carbonization. Batch adsorption process in this study did with the aqueous solutions and applied on batik industrial waste, the functional groups of CSC-TS was characterized using FTIR, furthermore the determination of some parameters in adsorption such as adsorbent ratio, effect of contact time, and the effectiveness optimum condition on batik industrial waste obtained by AAS. Based on FTIR result, several functional groups such as (OH) were detected. Langmuir and Freundlich models were calculated to find out the fit adsorption isotherms where Langmuir models had the greater coefficient correlation value (R2=0,9976) which represented the best isotherm models. The result showed that the Cr(VI) adsorption process was found to be maximum at GT-2,5 with 100 minutes of contact time. The percentage removal of Cr(VI) in aqueous solutions under optimal conditions respectively were 87 and 99% with the maximum Langmuir capacity adsorption was 1,08 mg g-1. The initial concentration of batik industrial waste on upstream and downstream were 0,593 and 0,779 mg L-1 with the percentage removal of Cr(VI) were respectively 72 and 83%. This batch adsorption study confirmed that the contaminant of Cr(VI) on industrial waste can be decreased by low-cost adsorbent CSC-TS.
Creation of Equipment for Testing Roofs for Resistance to External Fire Influence
Authors: Samchenko Taras , Dobrostan Oleksandr , Pokaliuk Viktor , Chernysh Roman
Published: October 2023

This paper examines and analyzes the domestic and foreign regulatory framework, guidelines and technical documents, information brochures, manuals, handbooks, test reports and other literary sources as well as information on the Internet. In the countries of the European space, fire safety requirements have been established for roofs and roofing materials, both for roofing materials and for roofs as part of structures, which helps to limit the spread of fire in buildings and structures during a fire. It has been proven that there is a need to create equipment for testing resistance to external fire exposure in accordance with DSTU CEN/TS 1187:2016 (method 2) of coverings of buildings (roofs) and establishing fire classification according to DSTU EN 13501-5:2016. A registration certificate, a technical description, an operating manual, and a program and methodology of the test bench verification have been developed. The initial verification of the test bench was carried out and it was put into operation. Approbation of the test method was carried out on the created test bench through experimental studies of five types of roofing materials being widely used on construction works in Ukraine using two bases (substrates) of combustible and non-combustible materials at air flow speeds of 2 m/s and 4 m/s above the specimen surface. According to the results of this work, it was established that the maximum relative deviation of the result of measuring the length of the damaged (charred) part of the specimens was in the range of 1.2 % to 23.3 % for the roof and 0.7 % to 27.5 % for the base.
Structure of the Device and Experimental Research of Verifying the Functionality of Elements of Easy-Dropped Construction
Authors: Dobriak Dmytro , Nizhnyk Vadym , Pozdieiev Serhii , Nikulin Oleksandr
Published: October 2023

This article analyzes the current state of explosion protection in the world. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the main modern method of explosion protection is the use of easy-dropped construction (hereinafter - EDC). There are various methods for calculating the required area of the EDC, but to confirm the reliability of the calculations, the selection of the material that performs the function of the EDC, geometrical parameters and excess pressure of operation, it is necessary to conduct experimental research. The existing experimental devices for testing EDC for excess explosion pressure are given. The designs and drawbacks of these devices are considered. The design features of the constructed unit for checking the functionality of elements of easy-dropped construction (hereinafter referred to as the unit) and the main advantages compared to other experimental units are described. A scheme of the device and its structure is given. The required amount of propane-butane was calculated to obtain an excess explosion pressure of 5 kPa. Based on the results of the tests, a graph of the change in the excess pressure of the explosion over time is plotted and the value of the excess pressure of the explosion in a closed volume depending on the concentration of the gas mixture of propane-butane with air, which is formed in the closed volume, and the change in the excess pressure of the explosion after the activation of the EDC were investigated. A graph of the influence of the concentration of the gas-air mixture on the excess pressure acting on the EDC is plotted. The design parameters of the device and its location, the limit values of the excess pressure of the explosion, the minimum amount of gas to create the required excess pressure of the explosion are substantiated. The considered device provides an experimental determination of the values of the overpressure of the operation of EDC of typical sizes and allows conducting experimental research of the operation of the EDC under the influence of various values of the overpressure of the explosion with the required accuracy.
Relationship between CGOL (Chlorophyll, Ginger, Orange, and Lemongrass) consumption and confirmed COVID-19 cases on pregnant women
Authors: Indriyani Diyan , Yunitasari Esti , Efendi Ferry
Published: October 2023

Nutritional status and health are crucial factors in maintaining a healthy pregnancy, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between CGOL (Chlorophyll, Ginger, Orange, and Lemongrass) consumption and confirmed COVID-19 cases in pregnant women. The research, conducted in East Java with 250 purposively sampled respondents, employed a correlational cross-sectional design. Data were collected through questionnaires, Likert scales, and documentation. Analysis of research data using descriptive analysis and Spearman-Rho analyses. The study revealed that CGOL consumption in pregnant women was 28% less than optimal, 21.2% moderate and 50.8% optimal. Confirmed COVID-19 cases in pregnant women are 10%, and 90% are not confirmed. There was a significant relationship between CGOL consumption and confirmation of COVID-19 in pregnant women (p-value=0.0001). These findings emphasize the importance of integrating CGOL-based nutritional guidelines into prenatal care programs, particularly during pandemics, to enhance pregnant women's and their babies' health.
Radiation Mode Simulation for Simultaneous Operation of Spread Spectrum and Phase Modulated Telemetry Downlinks of Co-located GEO Spacecrafts
Authors: Sai Malleswar Kosuru , BS Himani , Afzaal Khan , Das Sirshendu , R. Valke Suman , Kumar V. Senthil , N. Ramalakshmi
Published: October 2023

Transmission of telemetry data to the ground station is critical for all spacecraft missions. The allocated spectrum for Telemetry downlinks of GEO spacecraft has been overcrowded in recent years due to a steady increase in the number of GEO missions. Implementation of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems in the same bandwidth is proposed as a solution to overcome this problem. To prove the compatibility of the proposed scheme with existing telemetry downlinks in the same bandwidth, a real-time data acquisition-based experiment has been carried out with hardware in radiated mode to simulate in-orbit conditions in an anechoic chamber. This paper explains the estimation of interference, test methodology & results and recommends the optimal configuration of the ground receiver for demodulation of the CDMA signal in the presence of interference from multiple narrow-band phase modulated signals. The proposed configuration has been proved successful in a recent GEO spacecraft mission.
Farklı Çözeltiler ile Alüminyum Hidrolizinden Hidrojen Üretimi
Authors: Akyıldız İrem , Yolcular Karaoğlu Sevim
Published: October 2023

Günümüzde enerji kaynağı olarak yaygın bir şekilde fosil yakıtlar kullanılmaktadır. Fosil yakıtların kullanımının çevreyi oldukça tahrip edici etkileri bulunmaktadır. Bu yüzden temiz ve yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının kullanılması doğamız için oldukça önemlidir. Hidrojen enerji kaynağı olarak kullanıldığında su gibi çevreyi kirletmeyen temiz yan ürünler ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu nedenle, temiz ve yenilenebilir enerji kaynağı kategorisinde yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada hidrojen üretimi, farklı çözeltiler de kullanılarak alüminyum tozlarının hidrolizi yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, su, KOH, Mg(OH)2 ve NaOH çözeltileri, 35-65oC sıcaklık aralığı, %0 ile %15 arası NaCl ilavesi, 5 ile 15 h arası alüminyum öğütme süresi incelenmiştir. Öğütülmüş tozların mikroyapıları SEM ile karakterize edilmiştir. Sonuçlara bakıldığında alkali çözelti konsantrasyonu, sıcaklık, NaCl ilavesi oranı ve öğütme süresi arttıkça hidrojen üretim hızında artış gözlemlenmiştir. En iyi hidrojen üretimi, 65oC, %15 NaCl, 15 h öğütme süresi ve 1 M NaOH çözeltisinde görülmüştür.
Environmental Analysis and Distribution Patterns of Aedes Aegypti Mosquito to Predict DHF Endemicity Area in Karo District
Authors: Sinaga Jernita , Tanjung Risnawati , Nolia Helfi
Published: October 2023

In 2018 there were 81 cases, IR: 19.77 per 100,000 population based on the initial survey at the health office there were 131 cases, the highest was at Kabanjahe Health Center: 46, the lowest was at Kuta Buluh Health Center: 2 and Lau Baleng Health Center 2 cases. The purpose of this study was to analyze environmental factors and distribution patterns to predict areas prone to dengue fever in Karo Regency. The analysis is divided into 3 categories, namely the District Level using time series data analysis, forecasting (Arima) which aims for Early Warning Sign, the Kelurahan/Village level using GIS data processing describing the sub-districts as very vulnerable, vulnerable and not vulnerable. Individual level using case control design, chi square test analysis and mapping with GIS aims to describe the distribution of areas with dengue fever and exposure behavior that affects the incidence of dengue and see the most dominant factor using multiple logistic regression analysis. The density of larvae is the most influential factor with the density of Aedes Aegypti in Karo Regency with Exp B 4,102 (p-value ,000, 95% CI ,333 – 18,012), Community behavior (knowledge, actions and attitudes) has no relationship with Aedes Aegypti density in Karo Regency. Population density based on distribution pattern has no relationship with Aedes Aegypti density in Karo Regency, Occupancy density has no relationship with Aedes Aegypti density in Karo Regency, House index (HI) in Karo Regency is at Density Figure (4) at medium density, Container index (CI) and Breteau index (BI) are in the Density Figure (9) in high density and the larva-free rate at 72.54% is below the national standard of 95%, There are clusters of cases that have a risk of 2.69 times affected by DHF for patients who are in the cluster compared to patients who are outside the cluster, the cluster radius is 2.76 km.
Nilai Moral Cerita Pendek “Bintu Al-Jiron” dalam Antologi “Al-Watsbah Al-Uulaa” Karya Mahmud Taymur (Analisis Sosiologi Sastra Rene Wellek dan Austin Warren)
Authors: Amin Mukhanifah , Mustari Mustari
Published: October 2023

Definisi karya sastra yang baik merupakan sebuah karya sastra yang dapat mendidik pembacanya secara langsung mengenai nilai moral serta budi pekerti.  Bentuk karya sastra menjelaskan tentang nilai-nilai dan moral. Penelitian ini membahas karya sastra cerpen karya Mahmud Taymur berjudul “Bintu al-Jiran”. Objek ini dipilih karena menarik untuk dikaji dari sisi nilai-nilai moral yang disampaikan Mahmud Taymur sebagai pembelajaran bagi pembaca. Penulis bertujuan melakukan mengidentifikasi, menjelaskan, dan menganalisis serta mendeskripsikan nilai moral dan bentuk penyampaiannya yang ada dalam cerpen tersebut. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut peneliti menerapkan teori sosiologi sastra Rene Wellek dan Austin Warren dengan cara mengkonfirmasi data-data cerpen dengan realitas. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah memiliki sifat berkepribadian yang baik, Kepedulian terhadap kebaikan, Menasehati dalam kebaikan, Melindungi dan Berprasangka baik. Adanya kesamaan perilaku manusia antara cerpen dan keadaan masyarakat pada masa itu.
MODIFIED STEFAN CONDITION IN STEFAN PROBLEM
Authors: Bielykh D.G. , Skoromnaya S.F. , Tkachenko V.I.
Published: October 2023

The two-phase one-dimensional Stefan problem (SP) with the boundary between the phases moving with time is considered. The position of the boundary is determined by the modified Stefan condition (MSC), which is obtained from the original nonlinear diffusion equation by integrating over a thin transition layer, and by tending its thickness to zero. Upon receipt of the MSC, the diffusion coefficient is represented by the sum of the Heaviside step functions. It is shown that the MSC differs from the standard one in that in the latter, the derivatives of the concentrations with respect to the phase coordinates are interchanged. An expression for the displacement of the interphase boundary is
obtained, which, as in the standard SP, is proportional to the square root of time. The results of using the MSC are confirmed by experimental data on the displacement of the Cu/Sn interface during diffusion bonding during isothermal annealing.
СRITERION METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE CONDITIONS FOR OCCURRENCE OF THERMOACOUSTIC INSTABILITY IN THE REACTOR CORE
Authors: Kondratuk V.A. , Dorozh O.A. , Filatov V.I. , Bibik T.V.
Published: October 2023

The subject of research is the thermoacoustic instability (TAI) of the coolant of a nuclear reactor core. The occurrence of TAI in the reactor core leads to high-frequency and high-amplitude cyclic loads on internal reactor structures and can be one of the reasons for the loss of tightness of fuel elements. A criterion method has been
developed for determining the boundaries of the coolant TAI area in the nuclear reactor core under operating, transient and emergency modes. Based on the developed method, the occurrence of TAI area in the coolant was determined, with the criteria of TAI being formulated. A dimensionless determining criterion of the TAI area was justified depending on the rate of heat release, flow rate and enthalpy of the coolant at the entry to the reactor core. Applying the format of dimensionless parameters, the area of TAI of a water-cooled reactor core has been determined, with the relative power of the reactor being more than 0.25 and the relative flow rate of the coolant being less than 0.75.
PROPORTIONAL DETECTORS OF GAMMA-RADIATION BASED ON HIGH PURITY XENON GAS FOR RADIATION MONITORING
Authors: Sokolov S.A. , Kosinov A.V. , Pudov A.O. , Kutny V.E. , Rybka A.V. , Kovtun K.V. , Melnikov S.I. , Timchenko I.S. , Olejnik S.N.
Published: October 2023

This article is dedicated to a detailed investigation of properties of a proportional counter based on the Xe+2%CH4 mixture. A setup for filling the detectors with high purity Xe gas and Xe-based gas mixtures was designed and made. An optimized design of the proportional counters was developed and investigated. The design parameters, such as the material and diameter of the anode, the number and material of the gas mixture inlets,
composition and pressure of the gas were improved. The operating regimes of the proportional counters, as well as their thermal stability, were investigated.