bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microstructure Evaluation of Photovoltaic Solar Panel’s Interconnection: A Review
Authors: Hamid Sabarina Abdul , Zulkifli Muhammad Nubli
Published: March 2022

This paper aims to review the methodologies used to conduct microstructure evaluation of the photovoltaic (PV) interconnection. This analysis is important to identify the microstructural properties of the interconnection for failure analysis purposes. The interconnection becomes a major concern towards the efficiency and reliability of PV technology. In this paper, the common techniques used for the interconnection technology such as soldering, conductive adhesive and ultrasonic were presented with the assessment method to identify the failure mode and failure mechanism at the bonding interface. The identification of the failure mode and failure mechanism through visual analysis and conformation of failure phenomenon was important to highlight the risks and develop the countermeasures. The evaluation of microstructure characterization techniques in the electronics and PV industry has been presented by identifying the outcomes of each technique with different reliability tests. The discoveries of failure analysis in the electronics industry were more matured and becomes the reference to the PV development. The outcomes from this review could be beneficial to improve the interconnection bond in the PV industry by eliminating or minimizing the failure through design modification at the earliest point in the development process.
Development of 2DNM Heat Spreaders and GaN HEMT Technology for Advanced Power Electronic Applications
Authors: Mat Hussin Mohd Rofei , Wan Sabli Sharaifah Kamariah , Abdullah Mohd Faizol , Ismail Muhamad Amri , Mohd Zain Azlina , Mohd Yusof Mohd Saifol Nizam , Arifin Fadzilah
Published: March 2022

Advanced power electronic application normally requires high-speed semiconductor switches in a compact design that are capable to transform electrical energy between the sources and the loads with high efficiency. In electronics, inefficiency is a waste that also translated into unnecessarily high costs and limits the device performance. As the number of connected devices increases in modern applications, more efficient power conversion is necessary especially for advanced power electronic systems. Therefore, in this research, on-chip thermal management is designed to improve the power conversion efficiency of Gallium Nitride (GaN) High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT). Since the inefficiency in the electronic component is always referred to as losses in the form of heat, proper thermal management is needed to improve the device performance. As nanotechnology promise to be the foundation of the next industrial revolution, the research towards nanoenhanced semiconductor devices has aroused widespread attention from researchers, scientists and engineers. In this research, two-dimensional nanomaterials (2DNMs) are used as heat spreaders to reduce the localized hot spot temperature in GaN HEMT for higher device efficiency. The fabrication process flow, process issues, process characterization, material characterization and thermal performance of the nanomaterial heat spreader are the main topics to be discussed in this paper. Based on the experiment the monolayer graphene can improve the thermal resistance by at least 0.5 K/W. This may help to improve the GaN HEMT device efficiency especially when the device is operated under high power density.
Performance of Composite Slabs Using Profiled Steel Decking Reinforced with Cold-Formed C-Channel Steel
Authors: Zubir Mohammad Amirulkhairi , Yahaya Fadzil Mat , Alias Aizat
Published: March 2022

There are several different types, shapes and geometries of profiled steel decking that are available in the market for composite slabs construction. The application of the system in construction industry usually depends on the design tables provided by the manufacturer of steel decking. Engineers and builders use the design tables according to the required spans and thicknesses in order to facilitate the design of composite slabs for their construction. However, architectural designs might be an obstacle toward applying the system directly because of the limitation toward spans and thicknesses that can be provided by the design tables. In this research, reinforced profiled steel deckings using cold formed C-channel were used to construct full-scale composite slabs with a purpose to increase the span provided by manufacturer design tables and the capacity of the system for in-situ construction. The full-scale composite slabs system was simply-supported and tested in four-point bending with single control shear spans. The structural behaviour of the reinforced slabs system was investigated. The test comprises 12 specimens which include control (CD slabs) and reinforced decks (RD slabs) samples. The composite slab flexural behaviour was monitored using the LVDT instruments toward bending deformation at the critical points and toward slip displacement between the metal decks and the concrete. The load was applied until total damage was observed for the composite slabs system. The performances of the tested RD slabs were comparable with the corresponding CD slabs which indicated by the samples load carrying capacity, end-slippage, and concrete-steel composite action.
Toxicity Assessment of Colloidal Nanofertilizers Using Zebrafish Embryo Model through Acute Toxicity Assay
Authors: Fadzil Nadia Izati , Anoam Suwanty Ridzuan , Mohd Rosmi Mohd Nor , Mohd Anuar Mohd Firdaus , Masdor Noor Azlina
Published: March 2022

Chemical fertilizers are used in large quantities to boost the plant's development. Approximately 90 % of the fertilizer used is lost due to runoff and other processes, resulting in surface and groundwater contamination downstream. Nanofertilizers are believed to be more ecologically friendly and effective when used in small quantities. The use of nanomaterials in agriculture is not always successful. Nanoparticles may readily be discharged into water or the air, where they are ingested by living creatures, causing toxicity in humans, animals, and aquatic life. The aquatic environment has been contaminated with fertilizer runoff, which has been found to have fatal and sublethal impacts on aquatic species. In this work, the harmful effects of NPK-nanofertilizers were determined using the zebrafish embryo toxicity test (ZFET). To summarize, all nanofertilizers were dissolved in deionized water and diluted into concentration ranges in embryo medium. The toxicity of the fertilizer sample was next assessed on the early development of zebrafish embryos from 24 hours post-exposure (hpe) to 120 hpe. The survival rate, LC50, hatching rate, heart rate, and teratogenicity were all assessed. Toxicity of nanofertilizers T1, T2, and T3 to zebrafish embryos was moderate, with LC50 values of 45.7, 38.56, and 19.52 mM, respectively. While no teratogenic defect was seen in embryos treated with the respective samples from 0 hpe to 120 hpe, there was no teratogenic defect observed in the embryos treated with the respective samples from 0 hpe to 120 hpe. The larval heartbeat and hatching rate are unaffected by the nanofertilizer samples. As a result, the current study lays the groundwork for understanding the developmental toxicity of nanofertilizers in zebrafish embryos. Because little is known about the harmful effects of nanofertilizers on aquatic vertebrate species, this knowledge is essential for future research evaluating aquatic risk from nanofertilizers.
Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Polydimethylsiloxane Composite by Simple Solution Mixing Method
Authors: Zambri Izzaty Mohd , Sultan Suhana Mohamed , Yusof Yusmeeraz , Addi Mitra Mohd , Natarajamoorthy Mathan
Published: March 2022

In this study, the Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were prepared by using simple solution mixing method. However, the MWCNT have an issue to achieve stable polymer composite because the nanotubes can easily agglomerate and causes bundling when dispersed in polymer. Thus, the MWCNT was dispersed in toluene using mechanical stirring and sonication process. As a result, sonication process shows excellent dispersion of MWCNT with toluene compared to mechanical stirring method. To prepare conductive polymer composite, MWCNT with 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wt% concentrations were used. The dispersion processes of MWCNT in PDMS were characterized using Raman Spectroscopy. The intensity of D-band and G-band, ID/IG band decreases from 1.20 to 1.10 as the MWCNT content (6 wt% to 10 wt%) increases. This indicates less MWCNT defect occurred during dispersion process. Besides, the electrical conductivity of MWCNT/PDMS composite was investigated by using two point probe method. The conductivity of fabricated MWCNT/PDMS composite is in the range of 109 to 106 S/cm and a low percolation threshold is achieved at 4 wt% of MWCNT concentration in PDMS. Extension of this study is needed to improve the electrical conductivity of MWCNT/PDMS composite.
Psychotherapeutic change in children and adolescents who have been sexually abused: a model from participants’ perspectives
Authors: Capella Claudia , Rodríguez Loreto , Azócar Estrella , Lama Ximena , Núñez Lucía , Águila Daniela , Gomez Camila , Espeleta Macarena , Vasquez Vania
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Change in psychotherapy research in cases of child sexual abuse (CSA) has mainly emerged from a symptomatologic view, which needs to be complemented by a subjective perspective of change. Thus, this article aim is to describe different outcomes and stages of change during psychotherapy in children and adolescents who have been sexually abused, from the subjective perspectives of those involved in the process. Methods: A longitudinal qualitative study was developed. Qualitative interviews were conducted at different moments of the psychotherapeutic process (at around 6 months of therapy, 12 months and at the end of therapy) with 28 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17, with their caregivers and therapists. All children and adolescents attended and then completed psychotherapy due to sexual abuse in natural settings, in public specialized centres in Santiago, Chile. Sexual abuse occurred mainly in an intrafamilial context or by acquaintances. Data analysis was conducted using narrative analysis. Results: Three stages of therapy were identified: (1) settling into therapy, (2) approaching CSA and (3) healing from abuse. Three different outcomes of psychotherapeutic change were also identified: (1) protective and psychosocial changes, (2) changes related to diminishing the effects of abuse and (3) changes related to healing from abuse. Psychosocial characteristics of the cases and features of the therapeutic process are described in each group. Discussion: The outcomes of change and the stages of therapy are interrelated in a dynamic and gradual process where change is linked with the case’s psychosocial characteristics and the features of the therapeutic process. Results allowed the authors to situate the voices of the participants within a proposed model of psychotherapeutic change for CSA, with clinical practical implications.
Testicular sperm extraction (TESE) outcomes in the context of malignant disease: a systematic review
Authors: Ogouma Ludmilla , Berthaut Isabelle , Lévy Rachel , Hamid Rahaf Haj , Prades Marie , Audouin Marie , Sermondade Nathalie , Dupont Charlotte
Published: March 2022

Advances in the oncology field have led to improved survival rates. Consequently, quality of life after remission is anticipated, which includes the possibility to conceive children. Since cancer treatments are potentially gonadotoxic, fertility preservation must be proposed. Male fertility preservation is mainly based on ejaculated sperm cryopreservation. When this is not possible, testicular sperm extraction (TESE) may be planned. To identify situations in which TESE has been beneficial, a systematic review was conducted. The search was carried out on the PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and CISMeF databases from 1 January 2000 to 19 March 2020. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations were followed in selecting items of interest. Thirty-four articles were included in the systematic review, including 15 articles on oncological testicular sperm extraction (oncoTESE), 18 articles on postgonadotoxic treatment TESE and 1 article on both oncoTESE and postgonadotoxic treatment TESE. Testicular sperm freezing was possible for 42.9% to 57.7% of patients before gonadotoxic treatment and for 32.4% to 75.5% of patients after gonadotoxic treatment, depending on the type of malignant disease. Although no formal conclusion could be drawn about the chances to obtain sperm in specific situations, our results suggest that TESE can be proposed before and after gonadotoxic treatment. Before treatment, TESE is more often proposed for men with testicular cancer presenting with azoospermia since TESE can be performed simultaneously with tumor removal or orchiectomy. After chemotherapy, TESE may be planned if the patient presents with persistent azoospermia.
Prevalence of sexual dysfunction in the patients suffering from depression
Authors: Ghosh Prosenjit , Narula Gulshan , Ghosh Anweshan
Published: March 2022

Background:

A significant number of patients suffering from depression experience various sexual dysfunctions like decreased sexual interest, erectile disorders, premature ejaculation and anorgasmia. The evaluation of the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in depression is complicated by the fact that both medications as well as the depressive state itself may affect sexual desire and arousal. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in cases of depression, and to check the correlation of severity of depression with severity of sexual dysfunction.

Methods:

This study was a cross-sectional non-interventional hospital based study. Diagnosis of depressive disorder was made according to ICD-10. The severity of depression was assessed using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and the severity of sexual dysfunction was assessed using Arizona Sexual Experience scale (ASEX). The data obtained was analysed using SPSS Version 23.

Results:

A total of 100 depressed patients diagnosed as per the International Classification of diseases 10 criteria were recruited after their informed consent. Majority of the participants were young lower middle class female; most of the participants were married (50%), homemakers by profession (34%), belonging to a semiurban area (43%). 50% of them (n=50) reported having sexual dysfunction. The mean BDI-II total score was 17.08±4.206. The mean ASEX total score was 28.28±11.312. The BDI-II score was found to be significantly correlated with the ASEX total score (r=0.686, p<0.001).

Conclusion:

A significant correlation was found between severity of depression and severity of sexual dysfunction.
Stupor resolving into rapidly deteriorating locked-in syndrome
Authors: Anand Bhogaraju
Published: March 2022

Locked-in syndrome (LiS) is a rare condition characterized by quadriplegia, lower cranial nerve paralysis, and mutism with preservation of consciousness, vertical gaze, and upper eyelid movement. Here, we present a case that had initial mild neurological symptoms, stupor, fully conscious state, and computed tomography-brain showing old cerebral infarcts. There was a rapid deterioration of the condition into LiS and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain showing infarcts bilaterally in the cerebellum, pons, midbrain, and thalami and finally leading to death. Relevant studies for discussion are presented. This case highlights the importance of MRI brain at the earliest even for cases with initial mild neurological symptoms and stupor to make an early diagnosis.
Efficacy of autologous fibrin glue versus sutures in reducing astigmatism following pterygium surgery
Authors: Girimallanavar Sheetal Vishwanath , Mudhol Rekha , Kori Vijayalaxmi S.
Published: March 2022

AIM:

To evaluate the astigmatic changes before and after pterygium surgery and to study the effect of autologous fibrin glue over sutures in terms of efficacy in reducing corneal astigmatism.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:

Randomized controlled trial.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:

Forty-four patients with primary pterygia were taken up and divided as follows: Conjunctival autograft with autologous fibrin glue as Group 1 (n = 22) and autograft with 8-0 vicryl sutures as Group 2 (n = 22). All patients were preoperatively assessed for visual acuity, anterior, posterior segments, and Keratometric values using Bausch-Lomb keratometer on postoperative day 1, 7, 1 month, and 3 months.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:

Mann–Whitney test was performed to compare the median keratometric astigmatic changes preoperatively and postoperatively between the groups. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS:

50.5 was the mean age and 14.81 standard deviation (SD) in Group 1 and 48.86 was the mean and 13.23 SD in Group 2. Group 1 had 40.9% males and 59.1% females, Group 2 had 54.5% males and 45.5% females. The preoperative keratometric values significantly decreased postoperatively in both groups and the median postoperative keratometric value was significantly reduced in Group 1 (0.5) as compared to Group 2 (1.25). Pterygium excision using autologous blood was more effective in reducing corneal astigmatism.

CONCLUSION:

Pterygium excision surgery reduces corneal astigmatism and thus improves visual acuity. Autologous blood is better option to attach the conjunctival autograft than sutures in reducing astigmatism.
Anticancer and antibacterial potentials of methanolic extracts of the leaf and stem bark of Afzelia africana
Authors: Oni Mathew O. , Bello Olorunjuwon O. , Ademola Rachael A. , Mba Uchechi D. , Oni Vincent O.
Published: March 2022

Context

Afzelia africana is one of the most important woody fodder plants in many parts of Africa.

Aims

This study evaluated the anticancer and antibacterial potentials of A. africana leaf and stem bark in Nigeria.

Patients and methods

The methanolic extracts were filtered and concentrated in vacuo according to standard procedures. The extracts were screened for phytochemical properties in accordance with standard methods. The antibacterial potentials of the plant extracts against 10 selected clinical bacterial isolates were evaluated using the agar well diffusion method. Anticancer potential using Human Embryonic Kidney cells and therapeutic index (TI) of the plant extracts were determined by standard procedures.

Statistical analysis used

The χ
2 test was used to determine the correlation between the antibacterial activities exerted by different concentrations of the stem bark and leaf extracts.

Results

Both plant parts contained alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, triterpenes, and xanthoproteins. The anticancer test with Human Embryonic Kidney cells showed that the leaf and stem bark extracts elicited cytotoxic activity. The leaf extract had TI ranging from 0.23 to 0.97 whereas that of the stem bark ranged from 0.24 to 0.75, against the selected test organisms. There was no significant difference (P=0.077) in the TI between the leaf and the stem bark extracts. There were no significant differences between the antibacterial activities exerted by the leaf and stem bark extracts and within the antibacterial activities exerted by the control antibiotics (P=0.073).

Conclusions

This study revealed that the stem bark and leaf extracts of A. africana possess anticancer and antibacterial properties.
Therapeutic impact of probiotics in various aspects
Authors: Abdel-Megeed Rehab M.
Published: March 2022

Probiotics are viable microorganisms that intentionally provide health benefits when consumed through restoring the gut microflora. Mainly, it is used as a successful approach for the treatment of gastrointestinal upset. Probiotics were initially used as a biotherapeutic regimen around the turn of the century. Probiotics stimulate the immune system that plays an important role in defense response against harmful microflora. Consumption of probiotics improves health against numerous diseases such as colorectal cancer, viral infection, allergies, stress, and different gastrointestinal disorders. This evidence suggests that the functions of commensal bacterial-derived factors are affected by host genetics and the discovery of links between susceptibility gene polymorphisms and protective microbial effects on the host, which might include probiotic-induced host responses. However, while probiotics’ prospective health-boosting effects have been explored in many studies, further study is needed to fully understand the processes and agents that promote their beneficial effects. The current review briefly discusses the beneficial effect of probiotics as a promising biotherapeutic approach focusing on the therapeutic properties of probiotics and its role to enhance the treatment of numerous diseases. Furthermore, the current review discusses the challenges and future insights into the development of genetically engineered probiotics and their application for the treatment of various diseases or as a novel nano-drug delivery system that will be a promising regimen for human health and biotherapy.
Recurrent Ossifying Fibroma of the Orbit – A Case Report
Authors: Balaji S. M. , Balaji Preetha
Published: March 2022

Rationale:

Ossifying fibromas are mainly found in the jaws and are rare in other parts of the cranium. Orbital involvement is relatively rare.

Patient Details:

A case of an otherwise healthy 38-year-old overseas patient with gradual onset of a large growth in the right ocular area involving adjacent bone and operated twice over the last eight years is being presented. The lesion is involving the entire medial wall.

Treatment:

Considering the complex loco-regional anatomy as well as the restriction of overseas residence, preservation of a thin margin of bone was performed.

Take-Away Lessons:

The need for repeat radiological surveillance was stressed.
Using Nitrous Oxide Inhalation Sedation for Classical Conditioning - An Evaluative Study
Authors: Goyel Vinita , Jain Aman , Mathur Shivani , Malik Manvi , Sachdev Vinod
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

This study was undertaken to evaluate conscious sedation as a means of classical conditioning for managing paediatric dental patients.

Methods:

A total of 20 healthy children

(American Society of Anesthesiologists I)

aged 5–9 years with positive and definitely positive Frankel behaviour rating scale were evaluated. In the first appointment (A1) non-invasive treatment under nitrous oxide inhalation sedation was performed and oxygen saturation and pulse rate at 10%, 30% and 50% were recorded. In subsequent appointment (A2) same treatment was executed under 100% oxygen and recordings were taken. Behaviour was assessed using comfort scale.

Results:

No significant difference was observed in pulse rate, oxygen saturation and visual analogue scale whereas scores of comfort scale showed significant results.

Conclusion:

Once behaviour modification to dental treatment is achieved, subsequent visit can be undertaken even without sedation, giving oxygen as a placebo where patient is sensitized to nasal hood resulting in positive dental behaviour.
Occupational Exposures to Bloodborne Pathogens and Its Underreporting in Dental Teaching Environment in an Indian Dental School
Authors: Joshi Nilesh V , Joshi Mridula , Rathod Varsha , Langde Deepak
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

The aims of this study were 1) to find out the prevalence of occupational exposures to contaminated biological material among undergraduate students and interns; 2) to find out how many cases of occupational exposures to bloodborne pathogens are reported; and 3) to know the reasons for non-reporting of occupational exposures.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted in a Dental School in Navi-Mumbai, India. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was formulated. 210 dental students were given a questionnaire out of which 150 students attending clinical postings in their third year, final year, and internship responded. Approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethical Committee.

Results:

The study revealed a very high prevalence (66.7%) of exposures among the students. Only 12% of the students reported the exposures to the staff. Students from III year and final year BDS (Bachelor of Dental Surgery) had mean exposure of 2.40 as compared to 1.94 among interns. 46% of the students stated that they did not report about the exposure because they thought that injury was of minor nature.

Conclusion:

There is a very high prevalence of occupational exposures among students which are not reported. There is a need for the development of a post exposure protocol which has to be strictly implemented. The principle of infection control has to be emphasised to the students periodically and they should be encouraged to report incidences of exposures to biological material.
Comparative Efficacy of Different Varieties of Toothbrushes in Plaque Control
Authors: Prusty Ajit K , Sharma Shivani , Malhotra Sumit
Published: March 2022

Aim:

The aim of this 12 week, single-blind clinical trial was to compare the efficacy of Manual (Oral-B Pro Health Gum care®), Powered (Oral-B Cross action Power Dual®) and Charcoal (Colgate slim Soft Charcoal®) toothbrushes in plaque control.

Materials and Methods:

60 systemically healthy students were selected at random among the students of a Dental College, living under similar environment and dietary conditions. Plaque and calculus were removed professionally and three varieties of toothbrush were distributed among them. Plaque index (PI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI) and gingival index (GI) were assessed at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 weeks. Assessment of colony forming units (CFU) was done at baseline and 12th week. The learning effect over a period of time was also assessed.

Results:

Over the 12-week period, PI reduced significantly (P < 0.001) with % reduction in plaque from 47% to 59%, 41% to 53% and 45% to 55% for manual, powered and charcoal brush. A significant reduction in GI and SBI was also seen with all the brushes. An insignificant difference in PI, GI and SBI was seen between the brushes. CFU count before and after brushing reduced gradually and statistically significantly (P < 0.001) for all the brushes; however, by end of 12th week period, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). The learning effect increased from 35% to 60%, 24% to 56% and 31% to 58% for three brushes, respectively, but was more pronounced for powered brush.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that all the three brushes (manual, powered and charcoal) are clinically effective in removing plaque, with learning effect more pronounced for powered brush and if proper technique is followed, no brush is superior to the other.
Evaluation of Accuracy of Fit in Cast Metal Post Fabricated with Direct and Indirect Techniques Using Micro-Ct - An In Vitro Study
Authors: Antony Sujana , Venkatesh Kondas Vijay , Vahanaan Dhanasekaran Sihi
Published: March 2022

Context:

Accuracy of fit of cast metal posts fabricated with direct and indirect techniques.

Aims:

To evaluate the accuracy of fit of cast metal posts fabricated with direct and indirect techniques using micro-CT.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty extracted human maxillary central incisors were used. The teeth were decoronated leaving 2 mm at the cementoenamel junction. Four patterns for each tooth were made including one direct and indirect wax pattern and one direct and indirect resin pattern. In total, 240 patterns and castings were made. Each tooth was scanned using microcomputed tomography (μCT) system with a resolution of 14.5 μm. μCT analyzer Sky scanner software was used to calculate the volume of space between the post and the canals. Statistical analysis used: The student paired t-test and unpaired t-test were used to determine the significant differences between groups.

Results:

The overall space between the canal walls and posts made with the direct wax and resin technique had an average mean value of 1.10 mm3, whereas with the indirect technique resin and wax pattern, the average mean was 1.30 mm3 which was significant.

Conclusion:

Within the limitations of the study, it was found that the accuracy of fit is better in direct technique using wax pattern.
Evaluation of Effect of Low Level Laser Therapy with Intracanal Medicament on Periapical Healing
Authors: Shah Deep , Ponappa Muckatira Cariappa , Ponnappa Kongettira Chittiappa
Published: March 2022

Objective(s):

Photobiomodulation, also commonly referred to as low level laser therapy (LLLT), uses light energy to elicit biological responses from the cell and normalise cell function. Using LLLT on bone has been demonstrated to be effective in modulating inflammation, accelerating bone cell proliferation and enhancing the healing process. The objectives of this study were to evaluate postoperative pain and periapical healing in two different groups.

Materials and Methods:

40 subjects with periapical lesion were selected and were assigned randomly into two groups. Group I: Conventional root canal therapy along with LLLT. Group II: Conventional root canal therapy only. Radiographs were obtained and assessed at baseline, 3, 6 and 9 months postoperatively. The VAS pain scale was assessed post operatively at 0, 7th and 14th day respectively. The Independent t-test was used for evaluation of the data.

Results:

Significant differences were noted in reduction of periapicallesion at 3 and 9 months follow-up. The healing was better in Group I that received LLLT with the conventional Root Canal Treatment (RCT). Values for postoperative pain was lower in Group I than Group II, but were statistically non-significant.

Conclusion(s):

LLLT when used as an adjunct with conventional root canal treatment showed acceleration of the healing process of periapical lesions. LLLT has a positive effect on modulating the immune response for favourable healing.
Comparing Marginal Microleakage in Class V Cavities Restored with Flowable Composite and Cention-N Using Confocal Microscope-An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Shenoi Pratima R. , Kokane Vandana B. , Thawale Himani V. , Kubde Rajesh R. , Gunwal Mohit K. , Shahu Shriya P.
Published: March 2022

Context:

Class V cavity presents a clinical challenge in the field of restorative dentistry as the margin placement is partially in enamel and partly in cementum, and the trouble associated with this design is the microleakage at the tooth restoration interface.

Aims:

To evaluate and compare marginal microleakage in Class V cavities when restored with flowable composite and Cention-N restorative material.

Methods and Material:

This in-vitro study was performed on 30 human maxillary premolars, which were extracted for orthodontic reasons. Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of each tooth. After application of seventh-generation bonding agent (3M ESPE, Single Bond Universal Adhesive), the teeth were divided into two groups of 15 each and restored with flowable composite (3M ESPE Filtek Z350 XT) and Cention-N (Ivoclar Vivadent) and were subjected to thermocycling. The teeth were then immersed in 0.1% Rhodamine B dye for 48 h. They were sectioned longitudinally into mesial and distal parts with the help of an isomet diamond saw. The sections were observed under a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM).

Statistical Analysis Used:

The results were subjected to statistical analysis using the Mann–Whitney U test and Pearson's Chi-square test.

Results:

The analysis showed statistically significant results among the groups. Cention-N showed lesser microleakage, which was statistically significant when compared to flowable composite (P = 0.005).

Conclusions:

Cention-N showed significantly lesser leakage and better adaptation than flowable composite.
Colonic polyps in Nigerians, a change in trends
Authors: Adegoke Omolade O. , Ajani Mustapha Akanji , Nwanji Ifeanyichukwu D.
Published: March 2022

Background:

Adenomatous polyps in the colon are recognized precursors of colorectal carcinoma; however, the low incidence of these polyps in sub-Saharan Africans has led many to believe that the pathway of colorectal cancer may differ in this region. The objective of this study was aimed to determine the change in trends of colonic polyps in Nigeria.

Methods:

This was a 10-year retrospective review of all colonic polyp specimens received at the Department of Pathology in our hospital utilizing the histopathology request cards and hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides. The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics (version 23; IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York, USA).

Results:

A total of 131 cases were reviewed. The age of patients ranged from 5 to 86 years with a mean age of 55 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1.6:1. The mean age was 59.4 years. Of the 131 cases reviewed, 62 patients had adenomatous polyps, 49 had inflammatory polyps while 20 others included juvenile polyps, hyperplastic polyps, and hamartomatous polyps.

Conclusion:

Adenomatous polyps are increasingly being seen among Africans in the sub-Sahara region and perhaps they are not as rare as it was once thought provided the facilities for the diagnosis are available. They may yet play a more important role than has been ascribed to them in the pathogenesis of colorectal carcinomas in Africans.
Dunbar (or median arcuate ligament) syndrome
Authors: Sharma Praveen K. , Mathapati Pavankumar , Meyyappan M. , Vatsan Keerthi
Published: March 2022

Dunbar syndrome (DS) (or median arcuate ligament [MAL] syndrome) is a rare entity of the vascular compression syndrome, where there is focal proximal coeliac axis compression by MAL. It results in an insufficient supply of blood to the respective organs of the gastrointestinal tract. Multidetector computed tomography is a very convenient, noninvasive modality in diagnosing this condition and helpful in distinguishing it from other conditions, such as atherosclerotic disease. DS can further be treated disorder surgically by relieving the compression and sometimes may need vascular reconstruction. We present five cases of the DS.
Numerical simulations of turbulent and flow characteristics of complex river reach in Pakistan
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Shahid Saman , Ali Shahid , Ullah Muhammad Kaleem
Published: March 2022

The study included the numerical simulation of a curved open channel flow of Chashma Barrage for different velocities along left & right river banks, and water depths downstream of the river reach. The physical model was constructed in one of the experimental trays at the Irrigation Research Institute. Different trials were carried out at low, medium, and high discharges after the calibration of the physical model. A 2D computational fluid dynamics ANSYS FLUENT software was used to simulate various turbulences and flow properties for various discharges (500,000, 800,000, and 957,289 cusecs) using two different turbulent models: k-epsilon and Reynolds’s stress. The simulation findings were compared to the physical modeling results in terms of velocities and water depths for verification. In both velocity (18−27%) and water depth (18−36%) measurements, the k-model had a lower average percentage error than the RS model. On verification using physical modeling, the total average percentage difference from the k-model for all discharges was less than 25%. Numerical simulations based on computational fluid dynamics can be used to better understand turbulence and flow parameters, as well as to assess and develop barrage engineering.
Comparison of Relationship between Solubilization and Methane Productivity on Anaerobic Digestion of Pre-treated Waste Activated Sludge
Authors: Ahn Byung-Kyu , Kim Tae-Hoon , Kim Hyojeon , Kang Seoktae , Yun Yeo-Myeong
Published: March 2022

Objectives : Various pre-treatment methods have been applied to waste activated sludge(WAS) to improve the efficiency of anaerobic digestion(AD) by enhancing hydrolysis. The objective of this study was to find out the relationship between increased solubilization and AD efficiency in response to the application of different pretreatment methods(Acid+Heat and Alkali+Heat) to WAS.Methods : Acid+Heat(pH 2+130℃) and Alkali+Heat(pH 10+130℃) pretreatment processes were performed by adding HCl and KOH, respectively. A biochemical methane potential(BMP) test was subsequently conducted to determine the AD efficiency of pretreated WAS. Finally, the physicochemical characteristics in the effluent of AD of WAS, done by excitation-emission matrix(EEM) and size exclusion chromatography(SEC), were analyzed to investigate the degree of changed intermediates during microbial degradation of organic compounds.Results : Both Acid+Heat and Alkali+Heat pretreatments resulted in similar solubilization of WAS, reaching 34.1 and 36.3%, respectively. Meanwhile, it was found that the CH4 yield obtained from the Alkali+Heat pretreated sample was lower than the sample of Acid+Heat. The results of EEM analysis showed that the Alkali+Heat pretreated WAS had a higher portion of less biodegradable organic compounds with high- molecular weight in the soluble sample than that of the Alkali+Heat pretreated sample.Conclusion : This study was conducted to clarify the relationship by comparing the hydrolysis rate and AD efficiency according to the application of Acid+Heat and Alkali+Heat pretreatment. It was found that the amount of methane generated could vary depending on the properties of the dissolved substances in response to different pretreatment approaches.
The Connected Past 2017 : archéologie, histoire et complexité. Perspectives présentes et futures de la recherche
Authors: Panichi Oliver
Published: March 2022

Compte rendu de la conférence The Connected Past 2017
The 2018 Sunbelt Conference: Reflections and Perspectives on Social Networks Analysis
Authors: Cornet Maxime
Published: March 2022

Compte rendu de la Sunbelt Conference 2018
Approximation of a Wanted Flow via Topological Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Abdelwahed Mohamed
Published: March 2022

We propose an optimization algorithm for the geometric control of fluid flow. the used approach is based on the topological sensitivity analysis method. It consists in studying the variation of a cost function with respect to the insertion of a small obstacle in the domain. Some theoretical and numerical results are presented in 2D and 3D.
Designing Web-Based Learning Materials
Authors: Klímová Blanka Frydrychová , Poulová Petra
Published: March 2022

Online courses are nowadays well established forms of learning and teaching all over the world. They are used as supporting courses of traditional classes, as complementary courses of blended courses or pure distance courses. In all cases they must be designed well to attract and motivate students. Therefore, this paper focuses on the analysis of web-based study materials and their impact on learning.
DESIRE:Disseminating Educational Science, Innovation and Research in Europe
Authors: Panzavolta Silvia
Published: March 2022

The paper illustrates the research activities carried out by the European DESIRE project dealing with dissemination strategies of European projects outcomes and results and takes into account specific stakeholders in the projects life cycle. Preliminary findings are given and commented and some recommendations are drawn based on data collected so far.
Development of a Framework for Ideal Water Management of a Household in a Smart City Environment
Authors: Patil Sourabh G , Jadimath Veer , Elemmi Mahantesh C. , Dhumale Pritam , Deshpande Shreyas , N. M. Naveen
Published: March 2022

Most of the houses in a city or town get their water supply from their City Corporation or water board. Majority of the areas in a city have a water supply schedule planned. The people living in such areas manage their water usage according to the schedule and have to manually note down the next date for their water supply. Due to circumstances, such as technical difficulties with the reservoir or the water-board, a sector may not get the water supply on the expected day which might lead the household with no water and also create much commotion due to confusion. Our project automates this process by informing the users on what day their particular sector is going to get the water supply and if there are any delays to a particular sector, the local officer can inform to the database admin and the water supply date will be updated accordingly. In addition to this, the user can also check the water bill information and can also get the contact information of their sector’s water supply contractor. Thus, our project will act as a solution to all the water supply problems of a household.
A Study on Technology Causes a Gap Between Human Generation
Authors: V S Kaaviasudhan , T S Saran Nithish , S Kishore Kumar , Devi N. Yamuna
Published: March 2022

Technology creates the generation gap by how well older people can learn and use new technology. Each generation have different values and opinions. Due to innovation develop its leads to the generation gap. A difference in the attitude of people from different generations leads to lack of understanding. And also, generation gap is also referred to as difference in the point of view between young and old generations specially between parents and children.
La crítica de arte como intervención estética y política: Cayetano Córdova Iturburu en las publicaciones de la AIAPE (1935-1943)
Authors: Devés Magalí A.
Published: March 2022

Este artículo analiza la faceta de Cayetano Córdova Iturburu como crítico de arte en las publicaciones de la AIAPE, Unidad y Nueva Gaceta (1935-1943). Se parte de la idea de que, en el marco de la lucha antifascista, sus críticas de arte tienen un doble objetivo: intervenir en los debates estético-políticos del período y construir un repertorio de artistas representativos de la historia del arte nacional. Asimismo, se sostiene que el análisis de los comentarios sobre arte permite identificar cómo estos operan frente a los cambios de posicionamientos abruptos que, en sintonía con el Partido Comunista, atravesó la AIAPE en diferentes escenarios y coyunturas políticas.
El teatro de Elías Castelnuovo (1926-1934): humor tragicómico, vanguardia y política revolucionaria
Authors: Da Ré Esteban
Published: March 2022

Entre los años 1926 y 1934, Elías Castelnuovo estrena seis obras de teatro vinculadas con distintos proyectos colectivos, que se configuran como los iniciadores del teatro “independiente” argentino: Teatro Libre (1927), Teatro Experimental del Arte (1928) y Teatro Proletario (1934). La hipótesis de que estas obras teatrales se proponen criticar la cultura y la sociedad dominantes, al igual que su producción narrativa anterior, a partir de la apelación a un tono tragicómico y de la apropiación de rasgos vanguardistas permite reconsiderar su recepción mayoritaria y advertir la singularidad del entramado entre estética y política de su apuesta literaria.
La Guerra Civil española. Sus dimensiones internacionales (2021)
Authors: Merayo Sebastián Nicolás
Published: March 2022

Resumen de Nadia De Cristóforis (coord.), La Guerra Civil española. Sus dimensiones internacionales, Buenos Aires, Imago Mundi, 2021, 258 pgs.
Feminismos para la revolución. Antología de 14 mujeres que desafiaron los límites de las izquierdas (2021)
Authors: Díaz Hernán M.
Published: March 2022

Resumen de Laura Fernández Cordero (comp.), Feminismos para la revolución. Antología de 14 mujeres que desafiaron los límites de las izquierdas, Buenos Aires, Siglo Veintiuno, 2021, 254 pgs.
Número completo
Authors: AAVV
Published: March 2022

Número completo
Countryside Connections
Authors: Walker Alan
Published: March 2022

The first project-based book in The New Dynamics of Ageing series offers a unique interdisciplinary perspective on older people’s role as assets in rural civic society. The authors examine the ways in which rural elders are connected to community, the contributions they make and the groups to which they belong.
Women of Power
Authors: Skard Torild
Published: March 2022

This unique book presents all 73 female presidents and prime ministers from around the world, from 1960 (when the first was elected) to 2010, through a series of fascinating case studies that discuss the motives, achievements and life stories of these women of power.
Effect of Tax Planning on Firm Value of Manufacturing Firms Listed At the Nairobi Securities Exchange
Authors:   student, Mwaluku Gedion M. Isaac
Published: March 2022

This study examined the effect of tax planning on firm value of manufacturing firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange for a ten-year period 2010 to 2019. Specifically, the study sought to: evaluate the influence of assets’ tangibility on firm value of manufacturing firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange; determine the influence of leverage on firm value of manufacturing firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange; and establish the effect of effective tax rate on firm value of manufacturing firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The study was anchored on three theories: the pecking order theory; the agency theory and the political power theory. The study adopted longitudinal research survey and employed panel least squares analysis. The population of this study was all the 13 manufacturing companies listed on the manufacturing, construction and allied sectors of the Nairobi Securities Exchange as of December 2020. Due to the small number of firms, census technique was adopted and hence sampling was be required. Findings of the study indicated that asset tangibility had a positive, though statistically insignificant effect on firm value. Leverage was found to have a positive and a statistically significant relationship with firm value. Furthermore, results of the study indicated that effective tax rate had a positive and statistically significant influence on firm value.
A Review of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome In Ayurveda
Authors: Rathee Pallvi , Rathee Satender
Published: March 2022

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a heterogenous endocrine disorder & the most common growing health hazard amongst women of reproductive age. It is a combination of – Hyperandrogenism (clinical or biochemical), Oligomenorrhoea /or anovulation & polycystic ovaries. It is a frequently associated with insulin Resistance & Obesity. Basically, it is a systemic endocrine & metabolic disorder. Many Women with PCOS will give a history of infrequent cycles and skin manifestations include, acne, hirsutism, alopecia, obesity & Acanthosis Nigricans. In Ayurveda few diseases like Yoni Vyapad, Puspghani Jataharini, Nashtartav & Aartavadushti have some similarities with this disease. The particular or an exact disorder is not explained in Ayurveda. It involves imbalance of Dosha, Dhatu and Updhatu means different factors at different levels are involved in it. So the possible line of treatment is with by following Dincharya & Ritucharya, Nidaan Parivarjana, Samshodhana Aaganeya & Artavajanan Dravyas.So This paper is approach to explore ayurvedic concept of PCOS