bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Complete Pipeline to Extract Temperature from Thermal Images of Pigs
Authors: Bekhit Rodania , Reimert Inonge
Published: January 2025

Using deep learning or artificial intelligence (AI) in research with animals is a new interdisciplinary area of research. In this study, we have explored the potential of thermal imaging and AI in pig research. Thermal cameras play a vital role in obtaining and collecting a large amount of data, and AI has the capabilities of processing and extracting valuable information from these data. The amount of data collected using thermal imaging is huge, and automation techniques are therefore crucial to find a meaningful interpretation of the changes in temperature. In this paper, we present a complete pipeline to extract temperature automatically from a selected Region of Interest (ROI). This system consists of three stages: the first one checks whether the ROI is completely visible to observe the thermal temperature, and then the second stage uses an encoder–decoder structure of a convolution neural network to segment the ROI, if the condition was met at stage one. In the last stage, the maximum temperature is extracted and saved in an external file. The segmentation model showed good performance, with a mean Pixel Class accuracy of 92.3%, and a mean Intersection over Union of 87.1%. The extracted temperature observed by the model entirely matched the manually observed temperature. The system showed reliable results to be used independently without human intervention to determine the temperature in the selected ROI in pigs.
Targeting c-MYC G-Quadruplexes for Cancer Treatment with Small Molecules
Authors: Thumpati Prasanth , Rai Sachchida Nand , Prajapati Chandrabhan , Ramakrishna Kakarla , Singh Santosh Kumar
Published: January 2025

Novel therapies are required due to the rising cancer burden. Conventional chemotherapeutics tend to be particularly toxic, but there is a promising alternative for oncogenes, such as c-MYC. Often overexpressed in many cancer types, the potential c-MYC oncogene seems essential to the development of cancer. Targeting c-MYC protein directly was limited, but these DNA structures composed of guanine-rich sequences suppress c-MYC transcription. This review discusses recent advances in developing small compounds that selectively bind to and stabilize c-MYC G-quadruplexes (G4). These molecules have also shown promise for the inhibition of c-MYC signaling and inhibition of tumor growth, suggesting that G-quadruplex targeting could be a promising therapeutic for cancer.
Experiences and Meanings of the Existence of a Generation of Women
Authors: Duque Eduardo , Vázquez José F. Durán
Published: January 2025

This study examines a generation of women born in the 1940s–1950s in the Braga region, northern Portugal. It analyzes their relationships with family, school, work, leisure and consumption, and religion. The sample considers generation, gender, and social class, focusing on low, medium-low, and medium classes, which predominate in Portuguese society. A qualitative methodology was employed, using Focus Groups and Open Interviews to understand how subjects interpret their life experiences in the analyzed areas and how these experiences’ meanings transform across generations. The initial hypothesis, supported by previous and current research, is that people of the same generation share certain bonds, manifesting in a particular way of being and understanding the world. This distinguishes them from other generations, creating complex intergenerational relationships. These relationships are sometimes oppositional, while other times they result in breaks or separations, and most of the time they transform the experiences and the meaning of the existence of the subjects involved. This reality is what we propose to describe and analyze in the present text, taking as reference the generations of women mentioned above.
Authoritarianism in the United States: A Death Knell for the U.S. Refugee Admissions Program
Authors: Brown Crosby Dorian
Published: January 2025

One of the United States’ two dominant political parties resembles global political parties favoring authoritarianism. Such directives are expressed through the transformed Republican party’s authoritarian messaging, policies, and many of its member’s behavior. The devastating impact of an energized U.S. authoritarian political party and the narrow narrative of who is and should be in the United States and a U.S. citizen is a necessary discussion following the U.S. 2024 Presidential election. It is foreseeable that an autocratic leader of the U.S. will be catastrophic for refugees, particularly refugees of color and especially refugees in the U.S. South, as the liberal ideals of democracy that undergird the institutions and policies that support U.S. refugee admissions and resettlement are attacked.
Data-Driven Order Consolidation with Vehicle Routing Optimization
Authors: Yang Changhee , Lee Yongjin , Lee Chulung
Published: January 2025

This study compares time-based and quantity-based consolidation strategies within the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) framework to optimize supplier profitability and logistical efficiency. The time-based model consolidates deliveries at fixed intervals, offering predictable routes, reduced customer wait times, and cost efficiency in stable markets. Conversely, the quantity-based model dynamically adjusts delivery volumes to meet fluctuating demand, providing flexibility in dynamic environments but potentially increasing long-term costs due to logistical complexity. Using a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model, sensitivity analyses, and scenario-based experiments, the study demonstrates that the time-based model excels in stable conditions, while the quantity-based model performs better in highly variable demand scenarios. These findings provide actionable insights for selecting consolidation strategies that optimize delivery operations and enhance supply chain performance based on market dynamics.
Correction: Li, Y.; He, Y. Unraveling Korea’s Energy Challenge: The Consequences of Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Energy Use on Economic Sustainability. Sustainability 2024, 16, 2074
Authors: Li Yao , He Yugang
Published: January 2025

The original reference 162 has been retracted and its contents are no longer of reference value [...]
Urban Furniture Design Strategies to Build Healthy and Inclusive Neighborhoods
Authors: Rinaldi Alessandra , Viviani Sara , Busciantella-Ricci Daniele
Published: January 2025

Several guidelines provided by the World Health Organization as well as frameworks in the scientific literature suggest focusing on the built environment, i.e., indoor and outdoor spaces, including urban furniture, for promoting public health as it acts as a promoter of healthy lifestyles. The paper presents part of the results emerged from the HNH research project, which addresses the topic of neighborhood health at a systemic transdisciplinary and trans-scalar level of the project (macro-, meso-, up to micro-level). In particular, the results at the micro-scale of the urban furniture design are presented, which are related to the following research questions: (i) what are the strategic design requirements of street furniture for a healthy neighborhood and (ii) what are the micro-scale design scenarios for orienting the choices of the public administration in the creation of a healthy neighborhood. Through the use of a conceptual framework developed in the research, as a tool both to measure the quality of the built environment and to develop participatory design activities and co-design workshops, the research arrives at the categorization of urban furniture into domains, sub-domains, and related products categories, for each of which design strategies and scenarios are defined. The results highlight the potential and importance of urban furniture design in promoting a healthy built environment, underlining the strategic role of tangible products as healthy touchpoints to promote healthy lifestyles.
Research on Improving the Horizontal Bearing Performance of Wind Power Pile Foundation with Added Wing Structure
Authors: Yang Huaqing , Tan Tianbiao , Pan Jingmin , Wang Chengtang
Published: January 2025

The growing recognition of renewable energy’s importance, particularly its role in sustainability, has propelled wind energy to a prominent position. Receiving substantial global policy support due to its unique advantages, wind energy has seen a significant increase in installed turbine capacity. Consequently, expectations for the foundational bearing performance of these turbines have heightened, reflecting the enhanced focus on sustainable energy solutions. In response to these demands, this research introduces an innovative single pile foundation design that aims to elevate bearing capabilities to new heights. This research delves into the horizontal bearing properties of this novel foundation and the stress-strain dynamics of geotechnical materials under loading conditions. To achieve this, we utilize the Gudehus-Bauer subplastic model, specifically tailored for coastal sands within the ABAQUS finite element analysis software. Calibration and verification of the Gudehus-Bauer model’s parameters were meticulously conducted based on laboratory tests focusing on the coastal sands of the Yangtze River basin in China, enabling the development of a precise finite element model for the new single pile foundation in sandy coastal soils. Our findings reveal that this reinforced single pile foundation not only mirrors the horizontal bearing capacity and failure mechanisms of traditional designs but also surpasses them in performance. Numerically, this innovative structure boasts a remarkable 19.34% increase in horizontal ultimate bearing capacity and a minimum of 21.91% reduction in maximum displacement compared to standard single piles. These results underscore the superior horizontal bearing performance of our novel foundation design, which not only enhances structural integrity but also aligns with the principles of sustainable engineering by optimizing material usage, reducing environmental impact, and contributing to the broader goal of promoting renewable energy as a sustainable energy source.
Healthy Campus: A Contribution to the Environment, Sustainability, and Social Responsibility Practices at the IPBeja in Portugal
Authors: Durão Anabela , Borralho Teresa , Raposo Albertina
Published: January 2025

The existing environmental imbalances and the need to promote actions that minimize the impact and promote awareness and behavioral change are now primary needs. As a reflection of this situation, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are faced with the need for more sustainable development practices in their environmental, social, and economic aspects both in curricular and non-curricular spaces. This paper aims to show how the activities developed under the International University Sports Federation (FISU)’s Healthy Campus (HC) program can be an asset in promoting the environment, sustainability, and social responsibility in an HEI in Portugal. The methodology reflects a case study at the Polytechnic Institute of Beja (IPBeja) and includes (1) diagnosis, (2) drawing up the action plan, and (3) preparation, development, and monitoring of activities. The methodology approach adopted to analyze the activities uses the following: (1) the Mentimeter tool; (2) a mind map; and (3) a SWOT analysis. The results show that when activities are designed in a collaborative and participatory way, they end up geared towards the aspirations of the participants, allowing for greater involvement of people and growth of the institution in the aspects of the environment, sustainability, and social responsibility. The HC program is an asset program to align HC requirements, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), integrated and transdisciplinary approaches, and people’s environmental awareness and sustainable mindset. In political terms, this case study contributes to what is recommended in the institutional strategic plan.
Sustainable Transport and Development Partnership: Enhancing Urban Growth in Hobart, Australia Through TOD, PPP and Green Building Practices
Authors: Wong Philip Y. L. , Lai Joseph H. K. , Lo Kinson C. C.
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces the concept of sustainable transport and development partnership (STDP), a holistic approach integrating transit-oriented development (TOD), public–private partnership (PPP) and green building practices to address high carbon emissions from the building sector. Focusing on Hobart, Australia, the study explores the city’s urban context and potential for STDP implementation, proposing a comprehensive framework that incorporates green building practices across six key dimensions. Through in-depth interviews with PPP experts and on-site observations, the research identifies key transport challenges in Hobart, analyzes their interrelationship with potential STDP initiatives and proposes a set of STDP metrics to evaluate their efficacy. The findings contribute to the discourse on sustainable urban development, offering practical insights for policymakers, developers and researchers and providing a valuable reference for regional cities globally seeking to implement effective and sustainable STDP strategies, ultimately enhancing urban growth and reducing carbon emissions.
Impact of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) Plantation Management on Biomass, Carbon Sequestration Rates and Storage
Authors: Tavankar Farzam , Picchio Rodolfo , Nikooy Mehrdad , Marian Behroz Karamdost , Venanzi Rachele , Lo Monaco Angela
Published: January 2025

Loblolly pine plantations have long been cultivated primarily for timber production due to their rapid growth and economic value. However, these forests are now increasingly acknowledged for their important role in mitigating climate change. Their dense canopies and fast growth rates enable them to absorb and store substantial amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide. By integrating sustainable management practices, these plantations can maximize both timber yield and carbon sequestration, contributing to global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Balancing timber production with vital ecosystem services, such as carbon storage, demands carefully tailored management strategies. This study examined how the timing of thinning—specifically early thinning at 17 years and late thinning at 32 years—impacts biomass accumulation, carbon storage capacity, and carbon sequestration rates in loblolly pine plantations located in northern Iran. Two thinning intensities were evaluated: normal thinning (removal of 15% basal area) and heavy thinning (removal of 35% basal area). The results demonstrated that thinning significantly improved biomass, sequestration rates and carbon storage compared to unthinned stands. Early thinning proved more effective than late thinning in enhancing these metrics. Additionally, heavy thinning had a greater impact than normal thinning on increasing biomass, carbon storage, and sequestration rates. In early heavy-thinned stands, carbon storage reached 95.8 Mg C/ha, which was 63.0% higher than the 58.8 Mg C/ha observed in unthinned 32-year-old stands. In comparison, early normal thinning increased carbon storage by 41.3%. In late heavy-thinned stands, carbon storage reached 199.4 Mg C/ha, which was 29.0% higher than in unthinned stands of the same age (154.6 Mg C/ha at 52 years). In contrast, late normal thinning increased carbon storage by 13.3%. Similarly, carbon sequestration rates in unthinned stands were 1.84 Mg C/ha/yr at 32 years and 2.97 Mg C/ha/yr at 52 years. In comparison, 32-year-old stands subjected to normal and heavy thinning had sequestration rates of 2.60 and 2.99 Mg C/ha/yr, respectively, while 54-year-old normally and heavily thinned stands reached 3.37 and 3.83 Mg C/ha/yr, respectively. The highest carbon storage was concentrated in the stems for 52–58% of the total. Greater thinning intensity increased the proportion of carbon stored in stems while decreasing the contribution from foliage. These results indicate that heavy early thinning is the most effective strategy for maximizing both timber production and carbon sequestration in loblolly pine plantations.
Analysis of Multi-Interacting Networks and Their Application to HIV Transmission Among Men Who Have Sex with Men
Authors: Wang Guojin , Yao Wei
Published: January 2025

Network science is a powerful tool for understanding the complex interactions between individuals and is widely used to study the spread of infectious diseases. Men who have sex with men (MSM) have a high risk of HIV transmission, and sex-role preference is an essential element of HIV spread. Considering the preferences of MSM groups and the effective connections with actual transmission rates, this study established a random network (symmetric degree distribution) and a scale-free network (asymmetric degree distribution), respectively. The matrix centrality theory and computer numerical simulation are combined to analyze HIV transmission patterns in MSM groups. The results indicate that the stochasticity in the asymmetric degree distribution network is higher than in the symmetric degree distribution network. Degree and eigenvector centrality are similar in asymmetric or symmetric degree distribution networks. The centrality eigenvector can reflect more information because it includes both the node’s degree and its connections’ degrees. However, when many individuals are infected, the degree of centrality may directly come into play.
Development of Thermally Insulating Nonwovens from Milkweed Fibers Using an Air-Laid Spike Process
Authors: Lupescu Deborah , Robert Mathieu , Sanchez-Diaz Simon , Elkoun Said
Published: January 2025

Milkweed (MW) fiber is a natural fiber that provides tremendous thermal insulation properties due to its lightweight hollow structure. This study aimed to investigate the effect of milkweed fiber as a thermal fiber in nonwovens. Milkweed fibers were blended with a low-melt fiber consisting of a polyethylene terephthalate core, a polyolefin sheath (LM 2.2), and polylactic acid (PLA) fiber. Nonwovens with different fiber contents were manufactured using an air-laid Spike process to determine their effect on thermal and mechanical properties. Then, the nonwovens were compared with Thinsulate® and Primaloft®, two commercially synthetic insulation products. Structural properties, including mass per unit area, thickness, and porosity and thermal properties were studied. Furthermore, compression and short-term compression recovery were also evaluated. The results revealed that milkweed-based nonwovens that contained 50 wt% or 70 wt% of milkweed presented a lower thermal conductivity than synthetic nonwovens. Milkweed nonwovens of the same thickness provided identical thermal resistance as Thinsulate® and Primaloft. Sample 3, composed of 50 wt% MW, 20 wt% LM 2.2, and 30 wt% PLA, demonstrated the same thermal insulation as Thinsulate® with a weight three times lighter. Milkweed nonwovens presented higher moisture regain values than Thinsulate® and Primaloft®, without affecting thermal conductivity.
Uncovering the Potential Link Between Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Liu Jingyu , Shan Qiuli , Yang Yang , He Wenxing
Published: January 2025

Background: A family of persistent organic pollutants, known as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are extensively found in the environment and may be harmful to the cardiovascular system. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are required to thoroughly evaluate the association between PCB exposure and cardiovascular disease (CVDs), despite the fact that studies on the subject have produced inconsistent results. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between PCBs exposure and cardiovascular disease risk in order to provide more conclusive data to promote public health actions. Methods: The studies that met the inclusion criteria were screened out using the databases PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library. The comprehensive effect size (OR) was calculated using the random-effects model; the study’s heterogeneity was analyzed using I2 statistics; the major reasons of heterogeneity were identified using subgroup analysis; and publication bias graphically was measured using the Egger’s test. Results: A meta-analysis of 11 studies revealed that total PCBs (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.20–1.75), non-dioxin-like PCBs (NDL-PCBs) (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.15–1.53), and dioxin-like PCBs (DL-PCBs) (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.10–1.57) were all found to be positively associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease. Subgroup analysis revealed that study type, biomaterials, and literature quality were the most significant drivers of variation. Furthermore, certain PCB homologues, such as non-dioxin-like (NDL)-PCB153 and dioxin-like (DL)-PCB118, are highly related with cardiovascular disease. Conclusions: According to this meta-analysis, exposure to PCBs may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Notwithstanding major drawbacks, our results emphasize the significance of lowering exposure to PCBs and offering a solid theoretical basis for public health initiatives.
Correction: Tan et al. Astaxanthin Alleviates Hepatic Lipid Metabolic Dysregulation Induced by Microcystin-LR. Toxins 2024, 16, 401
Authors: Tan Qinmei , Chu Hanyu , Wei Jia , Yan Sisi , Sun Xiaoya , Wang Jiangping , Zhu Lemei , Yang Fei
Published: January 2025

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]
Mapping Urban Green Spaces in Indonesian Cities Using Remote Sensing Analysis
Authors: Agustiyara Agustiyara , Mutiarin Dyah , Nurmandi Achmad , Kasiwi Aulia Nur , Ikhwali M. Faisi
Published: January 2025

This study explores the dynamics of urban green spaces in five major Indonesian cities—Central Jakarta, Bandung, Yogyakarta, Surabaya, and Semarang—using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and vegetation indices, such as NDVI and EVI. As major urban areas expand and become more densely populated, development activities have significantly altered urban green spaces, necessitating comprehensive mapping through remote sensing technologies. The findings reveal significant variability in green space coverage among the cities over three periods (2019–2020, 2021–2022, 2023–2024), ensuring that the findings are comprehensive and up to date. This study demonstrates the utility of remote sensing for detailed urban analysis, emphasizing its effectiveness in identifying, quantifying, and monitoring changes in green spaces. Integrating advanced techniques, such as NDVI and EVI, offers a nuanced understanding of urban vegetation dynamics and their implications for sustainable urban planning. Utilizing Sentinel-2 data within the Google Earth Engine (GEE) framework represents a contemporary and innovative approach to urban studies, particularly in rapidly urbanizing environments. The novelty of this research lies in its method of preserving and enhancing green infrastructure while supporting the development of effective strategies for sustainable urban growth.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among US-Born and Foreign-Born Adults Aged 18 to 26 Years in the United States
Authors: Sokale Itunu , Montealegre Jane , Amuta Ann O. , Oluyomi Abiodun , Thrift Aaron P.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is linked to multiple cancers that can be prevented through vaccination. While the optimal age for vaccination is in childhood and adolescence, vaccination recommendations include adults through age 26 who missed childhood/adolescent vaccination. There are limited data about disparities among adults eligible for catch-up HPV vaccination. We conducted a comprehensive examination of HPV vaccination among US young adults, disaggregating the group by race/ethnicity and nativity status to identify subgroups that may require additional interventions. Methods: We analyzed 2019 and 2022 data of individuals aged 18–26 years from the National Health Interview Survey. Generalized linear models using Poisson regression with log link were used to examine the receipt of 1+ dose of HPV vaccine, race/ethnicity, and nativity (i.e., US- versus foreign-born) status. Results: The overall receipt of 1+ doses of HPV vaccine was 47.5%. The vaccination rate among the US-born group was 49.7% versus 31.9% among the foreign-born group with an adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) of 0.72; (95% CI, 0.62–0.82). Foreign-born non-Hispanic (NH) Black individuals (APR 0.31; 95% CI, 0.13–0.70) were less likely to be vaccinated against HPV than foreign-born NH White individuals, while US-born NH Asians (APR 1.27; 95% CI, 1.09–1.48) had a higher prevalence of the vaccination than the US-born NH White group. Additionally, foreign-born NH Asian (APR 0.60; 95% CI, 0.46–0.77), NH Black (APR 0.27; 95% CI, 0.12–0.61), and Hispanic (APR 0.76; 95% CI, 0.60–0.97) populations were less likely to be vaccinated than their respective US-born counterparts. Conclusion: Profound HPV vaccination inequalities exist among US young adults with particularly low vaccine coverage among racially and ethnically minoritized immigrant populations.
Leukocyte Count in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients After SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination and Infection
Authors: Kern Marita , Hamm Sebastian Rask , Pedersen Christian Ross , Møller Dina Leth , Loft Josefine Amalie , Hasselbalch Rasmus Bo , Heftdal Line Dam , Pries-Heje Mia Marie , Perch Michael , Sørensen Søren Schwartz , Rasmussen Allan , Garred Peter , Iversen Kasper Karmark , Bundgaard Henning , Sabin Caroline A. , Nielsen Susanne Dam
Published: January 2025

Background: Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at risk of severe COVID-19. Vaccination is an important preventive measure but may have side effects, including decreased leukocyte counts. We aimed to describe the prevalence and relative incidence of decreased leukocyte counts and changes in leukocyte counts before and after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection in SOT recipients. Methods: Changes in leukocyte counts from before to after each vaccine dose were investigated using linear mixed models. We determined the prevalence of decreased leukocyte counts before and after each vaccine dose and before and after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Self-controlled case series analysis was used to investigate whether the period after either vaccination or infection was associated with risk of decreased leukocyte count. Results: We included 228 adult kidney, lung, and liver transplant recipients. Prior to the first vaccine dose, the mean leukocyte count was 7.3 × 109 cells/L (95% CI 6.9–7.6). Both the leukocyte counts, and the prevalence of decreased leukocyte counts remained unchanged from before to after vaccination regardless of the number of vaccine doses provided. There was no association between vaccination and decreased leukocyte counts (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.6; 95% CI: 0.2–2.1; p = 0.461). In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with increased risk of a decreased leukocyte count (IRR: 7.1; 95% CI: 2.8–18.1; p < 0.001). Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination was not associated with risk of decreased leukocyte count and did not affect the prevalence of decreased leukocyte counts in SOT recipients. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a higher risk of a decreased leukocyte count.
New High-Throughput Method for Aluminum Content Determination in Vaccine Formulations
Authors: Di Meola Lorenzo , Pasqui Daniela , Tigli Chiara , Luckham Stephen , Colomba Silvio , Paludi Marilena , Denis Maxime , Palmese Angelo , Stranges Daniela , Marcelli Agnese , Moriconi Alessio , Meppen Malte , Pergola Carlo
Published: January 2025

Objective: This manuscript describes an innovative, non-destructive, high-throughput method for the quantification of aluminum hydroxide in aluminum-adjuvanted vaccines, eliminating the need of reagents and providing real-time results. The method is based on a spectrophotometric principle, and several model proteins were studied and tested with the aim to simulate the behavior of aluminum-adjuvanted antigens. Methods: As a proof of concept, the MenB vaccine was used, and the titration of aluminum hydroxide (AH) with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was used as an orthogonal reference, as it is one of the current release methods for the content determination of aluminum-hydroxide-adjuvanted vaccine drug products (DPs). The factors influencing the spectrophotometric analysis, such as different plate 96/well containers, variation in the sedimentation of the suspension due to component addition errors during formulation, and batch-to-batch variation were studied to assess the method’s robustness. Five concentration levels (ranging from 2.0 to 4.0 mg/mL AH) with two different batches of aluminum hydroxide were each measured with independent preparations performed by three different operators, for a total of four sessions/operator and 20 formulations/session. An in-depth statistical study was carried out with generated data to assess the precision (in terms of intermediate precision and repeatability), accuracy, linearity, and specificity of the method. Results: The novel spectrophotometric method and the official release one (potentiometric) yielded comparable results, demonstrating the potential of this new method as a release test for AH-adjuvanted products. A simple calibration curve enabled the measurement of samples in a 96-well plate in just a few minutes. Conclusions: We developed a novel method for Aluminum concentration determination in Aluminum-containing pharmaceutical products, like alum-adjuvanted vaccines. This method is fast, completely automatable, and as precise and accurate as already-in-place release methods.
Missed Measles Immunisations Places Individuals and Communities at Risk: The Equity Argument for Including Measles in Under-Immunised Definitions
Authors: Vaccher Stefanie , Laman Moses , Danchin Margie , Angrisano Fiona , Morgan Christopher
Published: January 2025

Background: Measles is consistently one of the leading causes of death from vaccine-preventable diseases in children, and cases and deaths have increased globally since 2019. While measles often serves as a ‘canary in the coalmine’ for health system weaknesses, global definitions of zero-dose and under-immunised children continue to centre on those who have missed diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) containing vaccine. We propose that lack of receipt of measles vaccine is included in global definitions of ‘under-immunised’ children. Methods: We used publicly available WHO/UNICEF estimates of national immunization coverage (WUENIC) data to determine the number and proportion of children missing out on routine immunisations in each country globally in 2019 and 2022. We stratified countries by income status to further investigate inequalities in vaccine coverage between different countries. Results: In 2022, 50% more children missed out on their first dose measles-containing vaccine compared to DTP1, and 96% of these children resided in low-middle income countries (LMICs), highlighting the compounding inequities in measles immunisations globally. Furthermore, countries with the largest number of children missing out on DTP1 were not reflective of countries with the lowest measles immunisation coverage rates, suggesting targeted programs are needed to reach children who are missing out on measles vaccination. Recommendations: Given the high transmissibility and inequitable burden measles outbreaks pose to both at-risk individuals and communities, especially in LMICs, measles immunisation coverage should be included as a key metric when reporting and estimating the number of under-immunised children globally.
Study Protocol of Predictive Dynamics of Microbiological Contamination of Groundwater in the Earth Critical Zone and Impact on Human Health (DY.MI.CR.ON Project)
Authors: Verani Marco , De Giglio Osvalda , Caputo Maria Clementina , Cassiani Giorgio , Milani Mirco , Carducci Annalaura , Federigi Ileana , Pagani Alessandra , Angori Alessandra , Triggiano Francesco , Savino Antonella Francesca , Colella Debora , Bagordo Francesco , De Donno Maria Antonella , Grassi Tiziana , Brigida Silvia , De Carlo Lorenzo , Turturro Antonietta Celeste , Ekiz Mert Çetin , Prigiobbe Valentina , Ghirotto Alessandro , D’Emilio Alessandro , Consoli Simona , Barresi Salvatore , Bivona Federica , Montagna Maria Teresa
Published: January 2025

Groundwater is one of the major sources of water supply for human needs. But anthropic activities such as agriculture are causing significant volume depletion and quality deterioration, favoring microbial contamination that has a negative impact on human health. The geological characteristics of the ground can influence the transport of microorganisms, especially if made of permeable rock. Furthermore, irrigation with untreated or partially treated wastewater can represent an additional health risk due to the potential transmission of pathogens to food. The aim of our research is to provide an interdisciplinary perspective on this issue by integrating hygienic, geological, and agronomic skills. Water samplings are scheduled seasonally by four monitoring campaigns in five sampling points placed in two Southern Italy regions, Apulia (one point at the outlet and two wells near the wastewater plant at Carpignano Salentino, Lecce province, Italy) and Sicily (two wells at Scicli and Pozzallo, Ragusa province, Italy) Laboratory experiments of microorganism transport in permeable rocks will be carried out under saturated and unsaturated conditions. A mathematical model of transport through porous media will be implemented and validated with laboratory measurements. The model will be used to develop a monitoring tool to control sites in Apulia and Sicily where periodic cultural and molecular detection of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and protozoa will also be taken. In addition, an analysis of the microbiological contamination of herbaceous crops due to the use of low-quality water will be conducted to assess the Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA). The project will provide methodological tools to evaluate anthropogenic pressures and their impact on environmental matrices. The results will allow these pressures to be modulated to minimize environmental and agri-food microbiological contamination and protect public health.
Digital-Twin-Based Management of Sewer Systems: Research Strategy for the KaSyTwin Project
Authors: Hartmann Sabine , Valles Raquel , Schmitt Annette , Al-Zuriqat Thamer , Dragos Kosmas , Gölzhäuser Peter , Jung Jan Thomas , Villinger Georg , Varela Rojas Diana , Bergmann Matthias , Pullmann Torben , Heimer Dirk , Stahl Christoph , Stollewerk Axel , Hilgers Michael , Jansen Eva , Schoenebeck Brigitte , Buchholz Oliver , Papadakis Ioannis , Merkle Dominik Robert , Jäkel Jan-Iwo , Mackenbach Sven , Klemt-Albert Katharina , Reiterer Alexander , Smarsly Kay
Published: January 2025

Sewer infrastructure is vital for flood prevention, environmental protection, and public health. As part of sewer infrastructure, sewer systems are prone to degradation. Traditional maintenance methods for sewer systems are largely manual and reactive and rely on inconsistent data, leading to inefficient maintenance. The KaSyTwin research project addresses the urgent need for efficient and resilient sewer system management methods in Germany, aiming to develop a methodology for the semi-automated development and utilization of digital twins of sewer systems to enhance data availability and operational resilience. Using advanced multi-sensor robotic platforms equipped with scanning and imaging systems, i.e., laser scanners and cameras, as well as artificial intelligence (AI), the KaSyTwin research project focuses on generating digital twin-enabled representations of sewer systems in real time. As a project report, this work outlines the research framework and proposed methodologies in the KaSyTwin research project. Digital twins of sewer systems integrated with AI technologies are expected to facilitate proactive maintenance, resilience forecasting against extreme weather events, and real-time damage detection. Furthermore, the KaSyTwin research project aspires to advance the digital management of sewer systems, ensuring long-term functionality and public welfare via on-demand structural health monitoring and non-destructive testing.
Critical Review of Wireless Charging Technologies for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Xue Zhiwei , Liu Wei , Liu Chang , Chau K. T.
Published: January 2025

As the world transitions towards sustainable transportation, the advancement of electric vehicles (EVs) has become imperative. Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology presents a promising solution to enhance the convenience and efficiency of EV charging while alleviating the challenges associated with traditional wired systems. This paper conducts an in-depth exploration of WPT technologies for EVs, focusing on their theoretical foundations, practical implementation, optimization strategies, development trends, and limitations. The theoretical principles of wireless charging are first elucidated, categorizing them into near-field methods, such as inductive and capacitive charging, and far-field methods, including microwave and laser-based charging. A comparative analysis reveals the advantages and limitations inherent to each technology. The implementation section examines various charging strategies, encompassing stationary, dynamic, and quasi-dynamic wireless charging, assessing their feasibility and effectiveness in practical applications. Furthermore, optimization techniques aimed at enhancing WPT system performance are examined in depth, with particular emphasis on coil structure optimizations, anti-misalignment solutions, compensation topology optimizations, modulation strategy optimizations, and parameter identifications. The discussion section outlines current development trends in wireless charging technologies for EVs, highlighting the limitations that hinder the widespread adoption of wireless charging technologies in the EV market. Finally, potential research directions and the implications of wireless charging technology on the development of EVs are summarized. This critical review aims to provide valuable insights for researchers and practitioners dedicated to advancing the field of wireless charging for EVs.
Pengaruh Variasi Produk Dan Lokasi Pemasaran Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Pelanggan Coffeeshop 90o Medan
Authors: Alfeisha Dhito , Syahreza Dina Sarah
Published: January 2025

This research aims to determine the influence of product variations and marketing location on purchasing decisions at 900 Medan coffeeshops. The sampling technique used in this research used nonprobability sampling with purposive sampling, so that the total sample obtained was 100 respondents. The data collection techniques used were literature study, interviews and questionnaires. The data analysis technique used is a multiple linear regression model and hypothesis testing, t test, f test and coefficient of determination. The data has previously been tested using validity tests, reliability tests and classical assumptions, data processing using SPSS 26.0 for windows. Based on the test results, it shows that product variations and marketing locations have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Based on the R Square statistical test in this research, it was 0.645 or 64.5%, this shows that purchasing decision variables can be influenced by product variation variables and marketing location.
O Estado brasileiro e os desafios à política de assistência social: reflexões a partir do Programa Criança Feliz
Authors: Castro Márcia da Silva Pereira , Felipe Joana D’arc Lacerda Alves
Published: January 2025

No Brasil, a reforma do Estado é tema recorrente nos discursos dos agentes governamentais desde a aprovação do Plano Diretor da Reforma do Aparelho do Estado em 1995. Como o foco dos planos governamentais passou a ser o gasto público, embasado pelo discurso da crise econômica internacional, a retração das políticas de direitos sociais, defendida pelos neoliberais e fortalecida a partir do governo Temer (2016), foi uma das maiores consequências de impacto social negativo. A Emenda Constitucional Nº 95/2016, que instituiu um Novo Regime Fiscal propôs o congelamento dos gastos na área social por 20 anos e a “criação de um limite para o crescimento das despesas primárias total do governo”. A partir dessas premissas, nosso propósito foi analisar como tem se dado a contração dos direitos sociais, especificamente, no que diz respeito à política de assistência social defronte a criação e posterior ampliação do Programa Criança Feliz. Para tanto, realizamos pesquisas bibliográfica e documental que tiveram respaldo em projetos de pesquisa e de ensino durante o período de 2019 a 2022. De forma breve, concluímos que o chamado Estado conservador vem se legitimando em detrimento do Estado Democrático de Direitos.
Multimodal ophthalmological evaluation in a case of angioid streaks, with comet tail lesions and extensive traumatic lesions, in a patient with pseudoxanthoma elasticum
Authors: Almeida Samir de Castilhos de , Filgueira Suzane Cristina de Lima , Makarckyk Luciana de Sá Quirino , Castanho Ronaldo Fontes de Paula
Published: January 2025

Angioid streaks (AS) are distinctive ophthalmologic manifestations indicative of underlying systemic conditions such as pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). This study explores the clinical significance of AS and associated comet-tail lesions, through a case report of a 37-year-old male patient presenting with sudden blurred vision after trauma that underwent ophthalmological evaluation with a multimodal diagnostic approach incorporating fundoscopy (FO), red-free imaging (RFI), autofluorescence angiography (FAF), near-infrared reflectance imaging (NIR), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) that proved instrumental in the investigation, revealing AS, comet-tail lesions, and others findings that subsequently leaded to the diagnosis of PXE. Additionally, it emphasized the importance of early detection of AS for timely management of associated systemic complications of PXE, and the pivotal role of ophthalmologists in facilitating early diagnosis, monitoring and intervention to mitigate the progression of the associated visual impairments when possible.
PENGARUH KESALAHAN PEMBERIAN OPINI AUDITOR MENGENAI GOING CONCERN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP REPUTASI AUDITOR
Authors: Diah Agustina Prihastiwi  , Yulida Army Nurcahya  , Kartika Pradana Suryatimur
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between disclosure of provision and contingency transactions and errors in giving auditor opinions that can predict company bankruptcy in state-owned companies. This is done considering that various strategic resources in Indonesia are managed by state-owned companies. The study found that when a company goes bankrupt, the company often has a clean audit opinion, which means everything looks good on paper. However, just because it looks good does not mean the company is actually doing well. On the other hand, if a company gets a GCO opinion, which means there is a serious problem, it is likely that they will have problems. This shows that we need to be very careful when looking at a company's financial statements and what the auditors say. Everyone involved should pay close attention and do their homework.
UPI and Its Impact on Business Performance of Retailers
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Business Management, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, India, Roopa P , Vijayalakshmi B ,   Professor, Department of Business Management, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, India, Nishitha P. ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Business Management, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, India
Published: January 2025

This research proposes to examine the transformative impact of Unified Payments Interface (UPI) technology on retail transactions in India. With UPI rapidly gaining prominence, accounting for an estimated 90% of retail transactions within a mere five years, understanding its dynamics, benefits, and challenges becomes paramount. Through a descriptive study, focusing on small retailers in the Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh, this research examined the demographic factors influencing digital payment adoption and the impact of UPI implementation on retailers. Data analysis, employing SPSS, included frequency and factor analysis. Findings revealed that UPI emerged as the preferred digital payment method among retailers, offering convenience and efficiency. Recommendations include targeted support for nascent businesses, awareness campaigns, fostering business cooperation, and technological enhancements to streamline digital payment processes. This research offers important insights into the changing digital payments landscape, helping policymakers, industry players and retailers to navigate this evolving field.
Методология и методы познания в экономической науке
Authors: Крохин Н.А.
Published: January 2025

В статье автор рассматривает основные методы познания в экономической науке. Актуальность данной темы обуславливается значимостью теоретических знаний в экономической науке, методов познания и терминологических аппаратов.

In the article, the author considers the basic methods of cognition in economic science. The relevance of this topic is determined by the importance of theoretical knowledge in economic science, methods of cognition and terminological apparatus.
Социально-экономический потенциал региона
Authors: Муратова Р.А.
Published: January 2025

В статье приводится краткий обзор развития экономического регионов Республики Казахстан. Приведены данные по объемам ВВП, объемам промышленного производства, объемам сельского хозяйства, рыбного и лесного хозяйства. Отмечена необходимость проведения оптимизации структуры управления.

The article provides a brief overview of the development of the economic regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The data on GDP, industrial production, agriculture, fisheries and forestry are presented. The need to optimize the management structure is noted.
Учет квазифискальных операций как способ снижения риска реализации условных обязательств
Authors: Кузин А.А.
Published: January 2025

Государство решает большое количество задач по стимулированию инновационных процессов и развитию инфраструктуры. Для решения указанных задач часто используется такой инструмент как квазифискальные операции. Данные операции могут приводить к реализации условных обязательств, которые в свою очередь оказывают негативное влияние на бюджет. Отказ от учета квазифискальных операций государством создает риски дополнительных расходов в будущих периодах и не соотносится с принципом прозрачности (открытости) бюджетной системы.

The state solves a large number of tasks to stimulate innovation processes and develop infrastructure. To solve these tasks, a tool such as quasi-fiscal operations is often used. These operations may lead to the realization of contingent liabilities, which in turn have a negative impact on the budget. The refusal to account for quasi-fiscal operations by the state creates risks of additional costs in future periods and does not correlate with the principle of transparency (openness) of the budget system.
Этапы государственной поддержки системы дошкольного образования в России
Authors: Федосеева О.В.
Published: January 2025

В статье рассматриваются проблемы развития дошкольного образования в современной России, определены цели реформирования, дана оценка нормативно-правовым документам, регулирующим в целом систему образования. Выделяются этапы принятия дополнительных государственных мер по поддержке системы дошкольного образования.

The article considers the problems of development of preschool education in modern Russia, defines the goals of reform, and evaluates the legal documents regulating the education system as a whole. The stages of taking additional state measures to support the pre-school education system are highlighted.