bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution, seasonality, and fluxes of dissolved organic matter in the Pearl River (Zhujiang) estuary, China
Authors: Li Yang , Song Guisheng , Massicotte Philippe , Yang Fangming , Li Ruihuan , Xie Huixiang
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration in the Pearl River estuary
(PRE) of China was measured in May, August, and October 2015 and January
2016. Chromophoric and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (CDOM and FDOM)
in the latter three seasons were characterized by absorption and
fluorescence spectroscopy. CDOM and FDOM exhibited negligible seasonal
variations, while DOC displayed a significant seasonality, with the average
concentration being highest in May (156 µmol L−1), lowest in
November (87 µmol L−1), and comparable between January (118 µmol L−1) and August (112 µmol L−1). Although DOC, CDOM, and
FDOM in surface water were generally higher than in bottom water, the
difference between the two layers was statistically insignificant. DOC
showed little cross-estuary variations in all seasons, while CDOM and FDOM
in January were higher on the west side of the estuary than on the east
side. All three variables showed rapid drawdowns in the head region of the
estuary (salinity <5); their dynamics in the main estuary were
primarily controlled by conservative mixing, leading to linearly declining
or relatively constant (for DOC in May and November only) contents with
increasing salinity. The decrease in FDOM with salinity was 5 %–35 % faster
than that of CDOM, which in turn was 2–3 times quicker than that of DOC.
Salinity and CDOM absorption coefficients could serve as indicators of DOC
in August and January. Freshwater endmembers in all seasons mainly contained
fresh, protein-rich DOM of microbial origin, a large part of it likely being pollution-derived. Protein-like materials were preferentially consumed in
the head region but the dominance of the protein signature was maintained
throughout the estuary. Exports of DOC and CDOM (in terms of the absorption
coefficient at 330 nm) into the South China Sea were estimated as 195×109 g and 266×109 m2 for the PRE and
362×109 g and 493×109 m2 for the entire
Pearl River Delta. The PRE presents the lowest concentrations and export
fluxes of DOC and CDOM among the world's major estuaries. DOM delivered from
the PRE is, however, protein-rich and thus may enhance heterotrophs in the
adjacent coastal waters. Overall, the PRE manifests lower abundance and
smaller spatiotemporal variability of DOM than expected for a sizable
estuary with a marked seasonality of river runoff due supposedly to the
poorly forested watershed of the Pearl River, the rapid degradation of the
pollution-derived DOM in the upper reach, and the short residence time of
freshwater.
JULES-GL7: The Global Land Configuration of the Joint UK Land Environment Simulation version 7.0
Authors: Wiltshire Andrew J. , Duran Rojas Carolina , Edwards John , Gedney Nicola , Harper Anna B. , Hartley Andy , Hendry Maggie , Robertson Eddy , Smout-Day Kerry
Published: July 2019

Abstract. We present the latest global land configuration of the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) model as used in the latest international coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP6). The configuration is defined by the combination of switches, parameter values and ancillary data, which we provide alongside a set of historical forcing data that defines the experimental setup. In addition, we provide a standardised modelling system that runs on the NERC JASMIN cluster accessible to all with links to JULES. This is provided so that users can test and evaluate their own science against the standard configuration to promote community engagement in the development of land surface modelling capability through JULES. It is intended that JULES configurations should be independent of the underlying code base and thus they will be available at the latest release of the JULES code. This means that different code releases will produce scientifically comparable results for a given configuration version. Versioning is therefore determined by the configuration as opposed to the underlying code base.
Performance of bias-correction schemes for CMORPH rainfall estimates in the Zambezi River basin
Authors: Gumindoga Webster , Rientjes Tom H. M. , Haile Alemseged Tamiru , Makurira Hodson , Reggiani Paolo
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Satellite rainfall estimates (SREs) are prone to bias as they are indirect
derivatives of the visible, infrared, and/or microwave cloud properties,
and hence SREs need correction. We evaluate the influence of elevation and
distance from large-scale open water bodies on bias for Climate Prediction
Center-MORPHing (CMORPH) rainfall estimates in the Zambezi basin. The
effectiveness of five linear/non-linear and time–space-variant/-invariant
bias-correction schemes was evaluated for daily rainfall estimates and
climatic seasonality. The schemes used are spatio-temporal bias (STB),
elevation zone bias (EZ), power transform (PT), distribution transformation
(DT), and quantile mapping based on an empirical distribution (QME). We
used daily time series (1998–2013) from 60 gauge stations and CMORPH SREs
for the Zambezi basin. To evaluate the effectiveness of the bias-correction
schemes spatial and temporal cross-validation was applied based on eight
stations and on the 1998–1999 CMORPH time series, respectively. For
correction, STB and EZ schemes proved to be more effective in removing bias.
STB improved the correlation coefficient and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency by 50 % and 53 %, respectively, and reduced the root mean squared difference
and relative bias by 25 % and 33 %, respectively. Paired t tests showed
that there is no significant difference (p < 0.05) in the daily
means of CMORPH against gauge rainfall after bias correction. ANOVA post hoc
tests revealed that the STB and EZ bias-correction schemes are preferable.
Bias is highest for very light rainfall (< 2.5 mm d−1), for
which most effective bias reduction is shown, in particular for the wet
season. Similar findings are shown through quantile–quantile (q–q) plots.
The spatial cross-validation approach revealed that most bias-correction schemes removed bias by > 28 %. The temporal
cross-validation approach showed effectiveness of the bias-correction
schemes. Taylor diagrams show that station elevation has an influence on
CMORPH performance. Effects of distance > 10 km from large-scale
open water bodies are minimal, whereas effects at shorter distances are
indicated but are not conclusive for a lack of rain gauges. Findings of this study
show the importance of applying bias correction to SREs.
Quantifying thermal refugia connectivity by combining temperature modeling, distributed temperature sensing, and thermal infrared imaging
Authors: Dzara Jessica R. , Neilson Bethany T. , Null Sarah E.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Watershed-scale stream temperature models are often one-dimensional because they require fewer data and are more computationally efficient than two- or three-dimensional models. However, one-dimensional models assume completely mixed reaches and ignore small-scale spatial temperature variability, which may create temperature barriers or refugia for cold-water aquatic species. Fine spatial- and temporal-resolution stream temperature monitoring provides information to identify river features with increased thermal variability. We used distributed temperature sensing (DTS) to observe small-scale stream temperature variability, measured as a temperature range through space and time, within two 400 m reaches in summer 2015 in Nevada's East Walker and main stem Walker rivers. Thermal infrared (TIR) aerial imagery collected in summer 2012 quantified the spatial temperature variability throughout the Walker Basin. We coupled both types of high-resolution measured data with simulated stream temperatures to corroborate model results and estimate the spatial distribution of thermal refugia for Lahontan cutthroat trout and other cold-water species. Temperature model estimates were within the DTS-measured temperature ranges 21 % and 70 % of the time for the East Walker River and main stem Walker River, respectively, and within TIR-measured temperatures 17 %, 5 %, and 5 % of the time for the East Walker, West Walker, and main stem Walker rivers, respectively. DTS, TIR, and modeled stream temperatures in the main stem Walker River nearly always exceeded the 21 ∘C optimal temperature threshold for adult trout, usually exceeded the 24 ∘C stress threshold, and could exceed the 28 ∘C lethal threshold for Lahontan cutthroat trout. Measured stream temperature ranges bracketed ambient river temperatures by −10.1 to +2.3 ∘C in agricultural return flows, −1.2 to +4 ∘C at diversions, −5.1 to +2 ∘C in beaver dams, and −4.2 to 0 ∘C at seeps. To better understand the role of these river features on thermal refugia during warm time periods, the respective temperature ranges were added to simulated stream temperatures at each of the identified river features. Based on this analysis, the average distance between thermal refugia in this system was 2.8 km. While simulated stream temperatures are often too warm to support Lahontan cutthroat trout and other cold-water species, thermal refugia may exist to improve habitat connectivity and facilitate trout movement between spawning and summer habitats. Overall, high-resolution DTS and TIR measurements quantify temperature ranges of refugia and augment process-based modeling.
Environmental conditions limit the distribution of Lepidurus arcticus (Branchiopoda, Notostraca) in lakes on the Hardangervidda mountain plateau, Southern Norway
Authors: Qvenild Tore , Hesthagen Trygve
Published: July 2019

The Arctic tadpole shrimp Lepidurus arcticus has a circumpolar distribution where the Hardangervidda mountain plateau in Norway marks its southernmost limit. Within this area, we searched for L. arcticus in 238 lakes in 27 catchments. On Hardangervidda, the distribution pattern of L. arcticus is highly skewed. In the 16 catchments located in the central and eastern parts, L. arcticus was recorded in 70% of all the lakes studied (n=191). The remaining 11 catchments located in western areas, are almost free of lakes with L. arcticus (n=47). The most striking difference between these two areas is the significantly higher level of snow deposition in the western areas. This delays the ice break-up, which results in lower water temperatures and a shorter growing season. The water of lakes in western areas (N=36) is also more dilute than those in the central and eastern areas (N=201), with mean calcium concentrations of 0.81±0.48 and 1.62±1.12 mg L-1, respectively. In the lakes in the central and eastern areas hosting L. arcticus (N=95), the mean value was slightly higher (1.67±1.14 mg L-1). The combination of low water temperature, a short growing season and dilute water low in calcium may explain the near total absence of L. arcticus in the western part of Hardangervidda. All lakes contain brown trout Salmo trutta, and as L. arcticus is heavily sought for as food, the analyses of fish stomachs are the most reliable method of detecting the species. However, this prey-predator relationship may severely reduce the population of L. arcticus, and their presence may also be a function of the proximity of species refugia. This is evident in the context of fish predation, but also of water quality. Hence, in the central and eastern parts of the plateau, where L. arcticus is common, their occurrence increased significantly with lake size, being found in 54% of the lakes <1.0 km2, as opposed to 97% in the bigger lakes. Furthermore, L. arcticus is most frequently found in lakes at altitudes between 1100 and 1299 m a.s.l. We conclude that environmental constraints limit the distribution of L. arcticus on Hardangervidda. The projected increase in temperature towards the end of this century may exterminate L. arcticus from the lower parts of Hardangervidda, especially in the most shallow lakes. Many of the lakes have water quality with pH <6.0 and calcium concentration <1.0 mg L-1. In such lakes L. arcticus is living on the edge of its survival, and the projected increase in precipitation may dilute the waters even further, pushing L. arcticus nearer to its extinction threshold.
Bavarian German r-Flapping: Evidence for a dialect-specific sonority hierarchy
Authors: Noelliste Erin
Published: July 2019

In certain varieties of Bavarian German, where both liquids vocalize in the syllable coda, word-final sequences of /ʀl/ are realized with a flapped r as the onset to a syllable with nuclear syllabic l ([l̩]). In this article, I discuss one such variety of Bavarian German, presenting data and analysis of Bavarian German Flapping, as well as Liquid Vocalization. This paper argues that Bavarian German Flapping repairs a sonority plateau created by adjacent liquids; it is shown that Bavarian German necessitates its own unique sonority hierarchy, as opposed to one German-specific hierarchy (cf. Wiese 1996) or a universal hierarchy (cf. Parker 2008; 2011). There are several theoretical contributions of this paper: first, I show that in languages, such as Bavarian German, where two or more rhotics behave differently in terms of sonority, the language’s sonority hierarchy must divide the class of liquids, specifically placing trills and flaps at different levels of sonority; I propose such a sonority hierarchy for Bavarian German. Additionally, this analysis engages with research on sonority which promotes universal sonority hierarchies determined via phonetics (cf. Parker 2008; 2011); the current analysis argues that such a universal sonority hierarchy cannot account for the Bavarian German data (i.e. Flapping). Finally, with the proposed dialect-specific sonority hierarchy, it is argued that sonority is emergent and not universal. While emergence has been widely discussed in particularly phonological and morpho-phonological literature (see Mielke 2008; Archangeli & Pulleyblank 2016), it has not been extended specifically to phonological sonority; thus, this is a central contribution of the article.
The effect of faith-based smoking cessation intervention during Ramadan among Malay smokers
Authors: Ismail Suriani , Abdul Rahman Hejar , Abidin Emelia Zainal , Isha Ahmad Sharul Nizam , Abu Bakar Sallehuddin , Zulkifley Nur Aishah , Fuad Ahmad Farhan Ahmad
Published: July 2019

Objectives: To study the effects of a faith-based smoking cessation intervention during Ramadan among Malay male smokers working in public offices. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study conducted during Ramadan 2015. The intervention was developed based on the constructs within the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The intervention intended to increase the intention and the perceived behaviour control to stop smoking among Muslim smokers during Ramadan. The outcomes measured were changes in the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence score and saliva cotinine levels. Data were collected at baseline (5 days before Ramadan), during Ramadan (21st day of Ramadan) and post-Ramadan (21 days after Ramadan). Statistical tests to examine changes within and between groups were carried out and the significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: During Ramadan, the saliva cotinine level decreased significantly in both groups (p = 0.001 in the control group and p = < 0.001 in the intervention group). However, after Ramadan, it remained significant only in the intervention group (p = 0.025). A significant change between the groups was only noticed during Ramadan (p = 0.049). Conclusion: The reduction in the saliva cotinine level was found to be more sustainable post-Ramadan in the intervention group. This finding could indicate the positive effect of using this culturally-competent intervention to encourage smoking cessation during Ramadan.
Marginal analysis in assessing factors contributing time to physician in the Emergency Department using operations data
Authors: Pathan Sameer A. , Bhutta Zain A. , Moinudheen Jibin , Jenkins Dominic , Silva Ashwin D. , Sharma Yogdutt , Saleh Warda A. , Khudabakhsh Zeenat , Irfan Furqan B. , Thomas Stephen H.
Published: July 2019

Background: Standard Emergency Department (ED) operations goals include minimization of the time interval (tMD) between patients' initial ED presentation and initial physician evaluation. This study assessed factors known (or suspected) to influence tMD with a two-step goal. The first step was generation of a multivariate model identifying parameters associated with prolongation of tMD at a single study center. The second step was the use of a study center-specific multivariate tMD model as a basis for predictive marginal probability analysis; the marginal model allowed for prediction of the degree of ED operations benefit that would be affected with specific ED operations improvements. Methods: The study was conducted using one month (May 2015) of data obtained from an ED administrative database (EDAD) in an urban academic tertiary ED with an annual census of approximately 500,000; during the study month, the ED saw 39,593 cases. The EDAD data were used to generate a multivariate linear regression model assessing the various demographic and operational covariates' effects on the dependent variable tMD. Predictive marginal probability analysis was used to calculate the relative contributions of key covariates as well as demonstrate the likely tMD impact on modifying those covariates with operational improvements. Analyses were conducted with Stata 14MP, with significance defined at p < 0.05 and confidence intervals (CIs) reported at the 95% level. Results: In an acceptable linear regression model that accounted for just over half of the overall variance in tMD (adjusted r
2 0.51), important contributors to tMD included shift census (p = 0.008), shift time of day (p = 0.002), and physician coverage n (p = 0.004). These strong associations remained even after adjusting for each other and other covariates. Marginal predictive probability analysis was used to predict the overall tMD impact (improvement from 50 to 43 minutes, p < 0.001) of consistent staffing with 22 physicians. Conclusions: The analysis identified expected variables contributing to tMD with regression demonstrating significance and effect magnitude of alterations in covariates including patient census, shift time of day, and number of physicians. Marginal analysis provided operationally useful demonstration of the need to adjust physician coverage numbers, prompting changes at the study ED. The methods used in this analysis may prove useful in other EDs wishing to analyze operations information with the goal of predicting which interventions may have the most benefit.
Assessing site productivity based on national forest inventory data and its dependence on site conditions for spruce dominated forests in Germany
Authors: Brandl Susanne , Falk Wolfgang , Rötzer Thomas , Pretzsch Hans
Published: July 2019

Aim of study: (i) To estimate site productivity based on German national forest inventory (NFI) data using above-ground wood biomass increment (ΔB) of the stand and (ii) to develop a model that explains site productivity quantified by ΔB in dependence on climate and soil conditions as well as stand characteristics for Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.).Area of study: Germany, which ranges from the North Sea to the Bavarian Alps in the south encompassing lowlands in the north, uplands in central Germany and low mountain ranges mainly in southern Germany.Material and methods: Biomass increment of the stand between the 2nd and 3rd NFI was calculated as measure for site productivity. Generalized additive models were fitted to explain biomass increment in dependence on stand age, stand density and environmental variables.Main results: Great part of the variation in biomass increment was due to differences in stand age and stand density. Mean annual temperature and summer precipitation, temperature seasonality, base saturation, C/N ratio and soil texture explained further variation. External validation of the model using data from experimental plots showed good model performance.Research highlights: The study outlines both the potential as well as the restrictions in using biomass increment as a measure for site productivity and as response variable in statistical site-productivity models: biomass increment of the stand is a comprehensive measure of site potential as it incorporates both height and basal area increment as well as stem number. However, it entails the difficulty of how to deal with the influence of management on stand density.Keywords: Site index; site potential; biomass increment; statistical model; climate.
Rheumatoid Hand and Wrist Surgery: Soft Tissue Principles and Management of Digital Pathology
Authors: Blazar Philip E. , Gancarczyk Stephanie M. , Simmons Barry P.
Published: July 2019

Since the advent of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis, orthopedic surgeons see fewer patients in the office who require hand surgery. However, a significant number of patients still seek surgical intervention to improve pain and function. These patients often present with isolated soft tissue pathologies, but even bone and joint pathology require meticulous soft tissue handling in this cohort. This review highlights the principles and techniques relevant to the management of soft tissue deformity in rheumatoid hand and wrist surgery, as exposure in training and practice continues to decrease.
Outcome of Patients Treated With Porous Tantalum Acetabular Implants for Neoplastic Periacetabular Lesions
Authors: Houdek Matthew T. , Abdel Matthew P. , Perry Kevin I. , Salduz Ahmet , Rose Peter S. , Sim Franklin H. , Lewallen David G.
Published: July 2019

Introduction:

The periacetabular region is a common location for nonprimary neoplastic tumors. Although these tumors were historically treated with a cemented acetabular implant, we previously reported on the short-term follow-up on the use of a tantalum acetabular shell to reconstruct these defects. This study expands our previous report on longer follow-up, with specific emphasis on patient and implant survivorship, radiographic results, and clinical outcomes.

Methods:

Fifty-eight patients (32 women and 26 men) were treated using a tantalum acetabular implant and total hip arthroplasty to reconstruct a nonprimary neoplastic process between 2001 and 2014. The mean age and body mass index were 62 years and 28 kg/m2, respectively. The most common diagnosis was metastatic disease (n = 29). The patients' medical records and radiographs were reviewed to assess Harris hip scores and radiographic fixation. The mean follow-up for surviving patients was 8 years.

Results:

At the most recent follow-up, 41 patients were dead of the disease and 17 were alive with the disease and no cases of acetabular implant revision were reported. Two patients had a progressive radiolucent line; however, they also had radiographic evidence of local disease progression. After reconstruction, patients had a significant (P = 0.0001) increase in their Harris hip score (37 vs. 72).

Discussion:

In patients with periacetabular metastatic diseases and hematologic malignancies treated with total hip arthroplasty, a highly porous tantalum revision-type shell fixed with multiple screws, and supplemental support with acetabular augments or cup-cage reinforcement, can successfully provide patients with a stable, well-fixed, and durable construct, with no cases of mechanical failure at mid-term follow-up.
Influence of Additional Nutrients and Gelling Agents on in Vitro Response of Selected Indica Rice Varieties
Authors: Repalli Sai Krishna , Geda Chaitanya Kumar , Pradhan N. S. N. , Rao G. J. N.
Published: July 2019

Indica rice varieties are recalcitrant to culture and hence the culture media should be supplemented with additional nutrients to provide energy and osmotic potential for best in vitro response. Combinations of plant growth regulators have profound influence on callus induction and regeneration potential of the selected genotypes. In addition, concentration and choice of gelling agents also have their effect on regeneration of indica rice varieties. Impact of L-Proline, and Casein Hydrolysate on tissue culture response of selected indica rice varieties is discussed and the best choice of gelling agent and their in vitro response is elucidated.
Influence of Brand Extention Strategy, Brand Image and Brand Trust on Coffee Product’s Brand Equity
Authors: Poerwadi Slamet , Suyanto M. , Hidayat Anas , Purwadi Purwadi , Eq Zainal Mustafa
Published: July 2019

The objective of this research is to explore the relationship between brand extension strategy, brand image, brand trust, and brand equity in the coffee industry of Indonesia. The research mainly discusses the effect of brand extension strategy on brand equity through brand image and brand trust in the coffee industry, i.e., Kapal Api as a leading coffee brand in Indonesia. Approximately 200 respondents of Kapal Api consumers participated on the survey by responding the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) by combining factor analysis and regression analysis. The results of the evaluation of the one step modification model show that the model is fit and tested for causality. This study shows that brand extension strategy affects brand trust but does not affect brand image and brand equity. Brand trust affects brand image and brand equity. In addition, the brand image also affects brand equity. Brand trust is able to mediate the brand extension strategy on brand equity while a brand image is not. This research is useful for businesses to evaluate marketing strategies in maximizing potential customers by understanding the factors that influence brand equity.
Branded Food Commodities: A Study of the Egyptian Commodity Products
Authors: Elgebali Marwa
Published: July 2019

Purpose: The study explored the attitudes and brand awareness of consumers towards purchasing branded food products. Moreover, the factors that influence the consumers’ decisions while purchasing the chosen branded commodities foods products have been investigated.

Methodology: The study used a sample of 200 participants acquired from diverse cities within Egypt, while the selected products comprised branded sugar and rice. The study used variance analysis of participant’s attitudes and buying intentions.

Findings: It was revealed that consumers’ awareness when purchasing the branded rice and sugar, originates from the relatives, friends, and reference groups. It also comes from the point-of-sales promotion and recommendations from the retailers and sellers. Concerning the consumers’ perceptions, it was revealed that they consider branded sugar and rice as safe from harmful chemicals such as insecticides and pesticides, as well as adulterants. On the same note, the customers perceive that buying marked rice and sugar is a sign of high social status. Regarding the factors that influence the buying decisions, it was revealed that flavor, safety from adulterants or harmful chemicals, and aroma are the primary factors that consumers consider.

Study Limitations: Based on validity constraints, the further study with a broader sample size was proposed. The further research should focus on the link between brand equity and the branded commodity goods.

Practical impacts of the study: Retailers and product marketers should focus on creating brand awareness which is the primary concern for the consumers. Similarly, the marketers should formulate strategies targeting the different consumers’ demographics-based market segments.

Value/originality: this research is unique since it aims to investigate the consumers’ purchase behavior for commodity goods, especially the branded food products, which other studies have not assessed. Additionally, limited researchers have focused on investing the consumers’ attitude and brand awareness with respect to the branded food products in developing countries such as Egypt. In formulating marketing strategies of such products managers need to understand how consumers evaluate and what kind of attitudes they hold towards it.
Multicultural Education and Approaches to Teacher Training
Authors: Acar-Ciftci Yasemin
Published: July 2019

Turkey exposed to several mass immigration movements due to its location, is not a “transit country” anymore for immigrants, but a “target country”. Since the day that the migration flows have started, Turkey developed various policies regarding the education of immigrant children. And by the year 2016, these children have begun to be included in the Turkish education system. Research findings reveal that immigrant children face the number of challenges in their education life. These problems include communication and discrimination problems arising out of language and cultural differences. Many countries exposed to mass immigration movements in the world often use multicultural education approaches to solve the educational issues of newcomers. Therefore, comprehensive literature research is needed and that this research will be useful to see the subject as a whole. The findings of the study revealed that the three basic approaches to teacher education could be defined in six stages, each of which consists of two phases. The educators of teachers and policymakers can examine these approaches and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each of them based on their philosophical stances about multiculturalism.
Students’ Attitudes Towards Learning English Vocabulary Through Collaborative Group Work Versus Individual Work
Authors: Lin Su-Fei
Published: July 2019

This study investigated university students’ attitudes towards learning English vocabulary through collaborative group work (GW) versus individual work (IW) while performing vocabulary-focused tasks following reading comprehension. The second year, non-English major, Taiwanese students (N = 44) worked either in mixed ability groups of 3–4 or alone. The same students were exposed to the two treatments: classroom intervention was conducted with alternating sessions (one-week IW, one-week GW) for 12 weeks with accompanying tests of vocabulary learning. Attitude questionnaires (44 students) were administered before the classroom intervention and again after, together with interviews (24 students). Results showed that students increased in favourable attitude to IW more than to GW over the study period, even though their actual vocabulary learning improved more with GW. Nevertheless, by the end they did report GW as less stressful than IW and as providing better support and enabling more efficient work on the tasks, with greater likelihood of correct information being obtained. The findings suggest that enhancing students’ vocabulary learning through GW was valuable despite student perceptions of it not being unambiguously favourable, and the use of GW in university English classes needs to be encouraged, albeit with continuity of group membership over time.
Psychological aspects of Olympic athletes’ sport career termination and post-sport life
Authors: Siekańska Małgorzata , Blecharz Jan
Published: July 2019

The chapter is dedicated to psychological aspects linked to sport career termination by high-performance athletes, the level of which is expressed by e.g.: Olympic successes. In the fi rst part, the path of development of the interest in the transition issue occurring in the course of sport career was presented. The second part is dedicated to an overview of the most important research reports concerning the circumstances of career termination by Olympic athletes as well as the course of their further development (after professional career termination). In the last part, suggestions and recommendations on the development of competences which facilitate the process of coping during and after the termination of the last transition phase in sport career are presented.
Neue Kunden gewinnen
Authors: Reinhold Heike
Published: July 2019

Publikationen in leicht verständlicher Sprache zu verfassen, ist auch für kleinere Organisationen ohne großen Aufwand machbar. Allerdings braucht es dafür Zeit, Geld und Know-how.
Pragmatic Encroachment and Context Externalism
Authors: Coss David ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: July 2019

Pragmatic Encroachment (PE hereafter), sometimes called ‘antiintellectualism,’ is a denial of epistemic purism. Purism is the view that only traditional, truth-relevant, epistemic factors determine whether a true belief is an instance of knowledge. According to anti-intellectualists, two subjects S and S*, could be in the same epistemic position with regards to puristic epistemic factors, but S might know that p while S* doesn’t if less is at stake for S than for S*. Motivations for rejecting purism take two forms: case-based and principle-based arguments. In considering both approaches, I argue that PE is best viewed as externalist about epistemic contexts. That is to say, I claim that what determines a subject’s epistemic context is external to her mind.
Evolutionary Debunking
Authors: Kyriacou Christos ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: July 2019

Recent literature has paid considerable attention to evolutionary debunking arguments. But the cogency of evolutionary debunking arguments is compromised by a problem for such arguments that has been somewhat overlooked, namely, what we may call ‘the demarcation problem.’ This is the problem of asking in virtue of what regulative metaepistemic norm evolutionary considerations either render a belief justified, or debunk it as unjustified. In this paper, I present and explain why in the absence of such a regulative metaepistemic norm any appeal to evolutionary considerations (in order to justify or debunk a belief) is bound to be ad hoc and question-begging and, therefore, ultimately unjustified.
You Can’t Handle the Truth
Authors: Mizrahi Moti ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: July 2019

In this discussion note, I put forth an argument from the factivity of knowledge for the conclusion that knowledge is epistemic certainty. If this argument is sound, then epistemologists who think that knowledge is factive are thereby also committed to the view that knowledge is epistemic certainty.
Efetividade da cobrança pelo uso da água e implicações na configuração da agricultura irrigada em Cristalina/GO
Authors: Furquim Maria Gáucia Dourado , Abdala Klaus de Oliveira
Published: July 2019

O presente estudo versa sobre a efetividade da instituição da cobrança pelo uso da água na Bacia Hidrográfica do Paranaíba. Por meio do método programação linear foram elaborados cenários alternativos à configuração atual de uso do solo pela agricultura irrigada, decorrentes dos diferentes valores de cobrança a serem instituídos gradualmente, a partir de 2017, modelando uma função objetivo como resultante do máximo retorno financeiro promovido no município pelo conjunto de culturas irrigadas, dadas as restrições de disponibilidade hídrica e de área agrícola. Os resultados apontam que devido ao fato de que os valores de cobrança instituídos não impactam significativamente a receita total do produtor irrigante não haveria mudanças na configuração da agricultura irrigada, todavia, os valores arrecadados se apresentam como fonte de investimentos para recuperação/conservação dos corpos hídricos na própria bacia.
Collective peer scaffolding, self-revision, and writing progress of novice EFL learners :
Authors: Memari Hanjani Alireza
Published: July 2019

This classroom-based study examined the effect of collective peer scaffolding activity on narrative and descriptive self-revised drafts and new paragraphs developed by 32 EFL university students in a paragraph writing course in Iran. Each genre was discussed and practiced every other week and was followed by a collective peer scaffolding session. For each genre, learners were required to develop a 150-word paragraph in two drafts (pre- and post-collective scaffolding) and email them to their lecturer within five days before the next sessions were held. They also developed a new narrative and descriptive paragraphs a month after the semester had finished. Eight volunteer students were also interviewed and their reactions to collective peer scaffolding were elicited at the end of the course. Students’ pre- and post-collective peer scaffolding drafts, new paragraphs, and interview data analysis revealed that the activity improved learners’ self-revision skill and the experience was favored by the participants.
Virus tropical en la clase de E/LE: cómo trabajar la narración visual, la identidad y el plurilingüismo con una novela gráfica
Authors: Corti Agustín
Published: July 2019

Resumen: El presente artículo es un aporte al desarrollo de la alfabetización visual en la clase de E/LE a partir de la novela gráfica Virus tropical de Powerpaola. Parte de un enfoque narratológico a fin de fomentar las competencias socioculturales y la conciencia de la identidad de los aprendientes respecto al español como una lengua pluricéntrica. La secuencia didáctica está estructurada en dos partes que se centran en el desarrollo integrado de las competencias propuestas.Palabras clave: alfabetización visual, identidad, plurilingüismo, variedades del español. Abstract: the paper presents an approach to the development of visual literacy in S/FL through the graphic novel Virus tropical from Powerpaola. Within a narratological approach it elaborates exercises on sociocultural competence and identity awareness of learners on behalf of Spanish as a pluricentric language. The didactic proposal is structured in two stages that integrate the proposed competences.Keywords: visual literacy, identity, plurilinguism, varieties of Spanish.
100 voces y expresiones del español de Valencia en el aula de E/LE
Authors: Giménez Folqués David
Published: July 2019

Resumen: Resulta recurrente en el aula de E/LE preguntarse qué variante del español enseñar. Por un lado, es importante que los estudiantes se familiaricen con la realidad dialectal panhispánica, donde pueden encontrarse con diferentes variantes del español; pero, por el otro, también es interesante que conozcan las peculiaridades del español de la zona donde están llevando a cabo su aprendizaje lingüístico. De este modo, en el presente trabajo trataremos de explicar las características del español de Valencia mediante su léxico, en concreto, mediante 100 voces y expresiones extraídas de corpus significativos como el de Val.Es.Co, PRESEVAL o CORPES. Finalmente, incluiremos una breve propuesta didáctica que sirva como muestra.Palabras clave: variedades del español, español de Valencia, corpus españoles.  Abstract: It is relevant to know what Spanish variant we have to teach in E/LE class. On the one hand it is important that students have knowledge learn about the reality of the Spanish language. On the other hand, it is also important that they learn the Spanish variant from the context where they are studying. Therefore, we will explain the characteristics of the Valencian Spanish, using 100 words and expressions extracted from Val.Es.Co, PRESEVAL and CORPES corpora. Finally, we will include a brief didactic proposal.Key words: Spanish variants, Valencian Spanish, Spanish corpus.
Estrategias para la enseñanza del lenguaje académico. Dominio desde la instrucción de las destrezas orales
Authors: Cortés Bueno María Esther
Published: July 2019

Resumen: La presencia cada vez más numerosa de estudiantes de movilidad procedentes de distintos países comunitarios y extracomunitarios en las aulas de nuestras universidades hace necesario habilitar un espacio curricular para ellos. No hay que olvidar que su presencia es parte de los objetivos marcados por el proyecto del Espacio Europeo de Enseñanza Superior (EEES); y una correcta integración de este tipo de alumnado respondería a las aspiraciones de internacionalización de la Universidad. La pretensión de esta propuesta es exponer el mecanismo de los cursos en los que a partir de la instrucción en las destrezas orales se establece la base para profundizar en el aprendizaje de la expresión escrita en distintos géneros textuales académicos. Se trabaja sobre una rica tipología de géneros textuales, con enfoques que fomentan el uso real de la lengua.Palabras clave: Enseñanza universitaria, Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior, géneros textuales, español lengua extranjera, currículo integrado AICLE. Abstract: The ever increasing number of students studying in our university classrooms proceding from within and outwith the European community, create the need for a special curricular programme for these students. It should not be forgotten that their presence is part of the objectives of the project of the European Space of Higher Education (EHEA): a correct integration of this students would respond to the aspirations of internationalization of the University. The aim of this proposal is to explain the mechanism of courses whereby the teaching of oral skills form the foundations for a deeper learning of written skills in different academic contexts, working on a rich variety of tipologies of textual genre, with emphasis on the true use of the language.Key words: University learning, European Higher Education, academic genres, Spanish foreign language, integrated curriculum.
¿Y dónde está la gracia? El humor en el aula de ELE
Authors: Linares Bernabeu Esther
Published: July 2019

Resumen: El presente trabajo muestra el fenómeno pragmático del humor como un instrumento idóneo para suscitar la reflexión sobre el uso y funciones del lenguaje en los estudiantes de ELE.  Una vez expuestas las referencias al humor verbal y a la ironía por parte del Marco Común Europeo de Referencia y el Plan Curricular del Instituto Cervantes, ofreceremos una propuesta didáctica cuyo objetivo es la activación y desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa. Muestras humorísticas como el monólogo pueden contribuir a mejorar las destrezas lingüísticas y pragmáticas en ELE desde niveles iniciales.Palabras clave: Humor, Competencia metapragmática, ELE, Propuesta didáctica. Abstract: This paper shows the pragmatic phenomenon, humour, as an ideal tool to promote students’ awareness of the uses and functions of the language. After having presented verbal humour and irony within the Common European Framework of Reference and the Curricular Plan of the Instituto Cervantes, we will offer a didactic proposal focused on the activation and development of the communicative competence. Humorous samples such as Stand-Up may enhance linguistic and pragmatic skills in Spanish as FL from novice levels.Key words: Humour, Metapragmatic competence, Spanish as a Foreign Language, Didactic Proposal.
El español hablado en Valencia. Interferencia lingüística y enseñanza de la lengua
Authors: Giménez Folqués David , Roselló Verdeguer Jorge
Published: July 2019

Resumen. Todas las lenguas muestran variación, tanto desde el punto de vista geográfico como social, y su aprendizaje siempre se produce a través de una de sus variedades geográficas. Hay zonas en que el español convive con otras lenguas, y esto le da una serie de características especiales que el profesor de español como lengua extranjera debe conocer y explicar a sus alumnos. En este trabajo, analizamos algunas interferencias lingüísticas que se producen entre español y valenciano, variedad del catalán que se habla en Valencia, y proponemos algunas actividades didácticas para su aprovechamiento en las clases de ELE.Palabras clave. Variación, dialectos, interferencia lingüística, enseñanza. Abstract. All languages show variation both from a geographical and a social point of view, and its learning is always produced through one of its geographical varieties. There are areas where the Spanish language coexist with other languages, and this gives it a series of special features which the teachers of Spanish as a foreign language must know and explain to his/her students. In this paper, we analyze some linguistic interferences which are produced between Spanish and Valencian –a variety of Catalan which is spoken in Valencia– and, finally, we propose some teaching activities to be used in ELE classes.Key words: variation, dialect, linguistic interference, teaching.
A new primer for metabarcoding of spider gut contents
Authors: Lafage Denis , Elbrecht Vasco , Cuff Jordan , Steinke Dirk , Hambäck Peter , Erlandsson Ann
Published: July 2019

As a key predator group, spiders have received a lot of attention by food web ecologists in diverse fields such as pest control, pollutant transfers, and cross-ecosystem fluxes. The difficulty involved in studying their diet has led to the use of new technologies such as metabarcoding of gut contents. The amplification of a broad range of spider prey without amplifying spiders themselves is challenging and, until now, an efficient universal primer purposed for this has not existed.

We developed a novel forward primer (NoSpi2) targeting the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. The primer was designed not to amplify spiders of the oval calamistrum clade (Lycosidae and closely related species) while still amplifying most other invertebrates. NoSpi2 was tested together with the reverse primer BR2 in silico, in vitro on single specimens of prey and spiders, on mock and malaise trap communities, and in an ecological application.

In silico evaluation predicted high primer bias for spiders of the oval calamistrum clade and low bias for all other invertebrates. These results were largely confirmed by in vitro tests. Additionally, some spider families were not amplified contrary to our expectations. We demonstrated a high efficiency for the primer pair NoSpi2/BR2 which recovered up to 94% of taxa in the mock community and 85% of the taxa detected by the best invertebrate primer pair known (BF3+BR2) for the malaise trap community. The field experiment showed that Lycosidae spider DNA is not amplified by the NoSpi2 primer set. It also demonstrated a broad range of detectable prey species. We found prey from 12 orders, 67 families and 117 species.

The ability of the NoSpi2/BR2 primer combination to reliably amplify prey species, without amplifying any predator reads, makes it an ideal choice for gut-content analysis for spider species of lycosids and closely related species, even enabling the homogenization of entire spider specimens without dissection. Given that the detected prey species included other spiders and carabid beetles, this primer could be used for not only diet and biological control studies, but also to study intra-guild predation.