bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Freshwater Information Platform: An online network supporting freshwater biodiversity research and data publishing
Authors: Schmidt-Kloiber Astrid , De Wever Aaike , Bremerich Vanessa , Strackbein Jörg , Hering Daniel , Jähnig Sonja , Martens Koen , Tockner Klement
Published: June 2019

Species distribution data are crucial for understanding biodiversity dynamics and the underlying drivers. For freshwaters, which cover only a small proportion of the world's surface, but host a large variety of species, knowledge on species occurrences is extremely important as they are among the most endangered ecosystems globally. However, a huge body of data gathered by scientists and water managers is currently difficult to access: systematic data publishing practices have not been fully adopted yet and data embedded in scientific papers and research project websites are often challenging to extract. At the same time, data and knowledge generated through publically-funded research or monitoring programmes are considered a common good.

The Freshwater Information Platform (FIP) aims at pooling freshwater related research information from multiple projects and initiatives to make it easily accessible for scientists, water managers, conservationists and the interested public. The FIP consists of several major components, three of which form its “data publication unit”: The Freshwater Metadatabase (1) is an online tool where data characterising and documenting actual datasets can be entered in a simple way. With one more mouseclick these metadata can then be published as open access articles in the connected Freshwater Metadata Journal. The second part of the unit is the Freshwater Biodiversity Data Portal (2), where we aim to mobilise and publish the connected freshwater biodiversity data (occurrence records) through GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility). The use of collected datasets for large-scale analyses and models is demonstrated in the Global Freshwater Biodiversity Atlas (3) that publishes interactive online maps featuring research results on freshwater biodiversity, threats and conservation priorities.

Here, we focus on introducing these components as tools to streamline open access freshwater data publication, arguing it will improve the capacity to protect and manage freshwater biodiversity in the face of global change. We further present linkages to and cooperations with other key initiatives in the field, namely the "Alliance for Freshwater Life" as well as "FreshwaterBON".
Standardizing Biologging Data for LifeWatch: Camera Traps, Acoustic Telemetry and GPS Tracking
Authors: Desmet Peter , Van Hoey Stijn , Reyserhove Lien , Brosens Dimitri , Oldoni Damiano , Milotic Tanja
Published: June 2019

The Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO) is co-managing three biologging networks as part of a terrestrial and freshwater observatory for LifeWatch Belgium. The networks are a GPS tracking network for large birds, an acoustic receiver network for fish, and a camera trap network for mammals. As part of our mission at the Open science lab for biodiversity, we are publishing the machine observations these networks generate as standardized, open data. One of the challenges however, is finding the appropriate standards and platforms to do so.

In this talk, we will present the three networks, the type of biologging data they collect and how we (plan to) standardize these to specific community standards and to Darwin Core (Wieczorek et al. 2012). Data from the bird tracking network have been published in 2014 as one of the first biologging datasets on the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) (Stienen et al. 2014). We are now planning to upload the data to Movebank instead and contribute to a generic mapping between the Movebank format and Darwin Core. Data from the acoustic receiver network are being mapped using the Darwin Core guidelines proposed by the Machine Observations Interest Group of Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG). Images generated by the camera trap network are managed in the annotation system Agouti, for which we plan to export the data in the Camera Trap Metadata Language (Forrester et al. 2016). We also aim to write a software package to deposit camera trap images and data on Zenodo and map the observation data to Darwin Core.

We hope that our work will contribute to discussions and guidelines on how to best map biologging data to Darwin Core, which is one of the aims of the Machine Observations Interest Group of Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG).
Establishing Taxon Links Between the Nordic/Baltic Countries via Linked Open Data
Authors: Liljeblad Johan , Lahti Tapani
Published: June 2019

While the technology behind Linked Open Data is relatively straightforward, establishing and managing links between identical taxon concepts in different databases is not. Machine-matching of similar or identical names is just a start. Not only do you need a checklist with stable identifiers tied to taxon concepts rather than names, you also need to engage taxonomic experts to identify problematic names and find a way to communicate taxonomic changes over time. In the end, this means a lot of time and money, and before you commit to such an investment you also need a plan for keeping things updated. However, once these links are established and additional trait standards agreed upon, the field is open for exchange of a multitude of species information. This process is illustrated with a Nordic/Baltic example, focusing on Dyntaxa, the Swedish Taxonomic Database, also housing the Icelandic checklist.
A New Record of Recent Brachiopods: Digitizing the National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University Of Jerusalem
Authors: Leshno Afriat Yael , Mienis Henk
Published: June 2019

Brachiopods (lamp-shells) are a group of macrobenthic invertebrates with a remarkably long fossil record that encompasses deep time to modern-day oceans with over 12,000 species reported in the fossil record. In contrast, today brachiopods form a relatively small independent phylum among the invertebrates that includes only ca. 350 living species. Brachiopods are commonly used to examine faunal response to changes in the depositional environment across space and time. The extinct fossil species are compared to their counterparts from modern settings in order to find associations between ecological and morphological traits and past environmental conditions. Thus, collecting data on living brachiopods and studying their ecological preferences is crucial to the understanding of ancient environments.

Until today, only scarce information has been published on extant brachiopods in the Levantine Basin off the coast of Israel. The current curatorial state of collections from the area prevents us from realizing their full scientific potential. We present new information concerning brachiopods collected in the Eastern Mediterranean and stored in the Mollusc Collection of the National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The collection is based on personal contributions and material collected by the Sea Fisheries Research Station during annual surveys carried out along the coast of Israel.

As a first step, we estimated the size of the collection to contain ca. 355 samples of brachiopods of an unknown number of species. Notable contributions to the brachiopod collection include the Giorgio S. Coen and the Arthur Blok collections. Giorgio S. Coen, an enthusiastic malacologist, donated his private collection in 1951. The collection includes samples given to Coen by the distinguished Marchese di Monterosato, and contains ca. 230 samples of recent worldwide brachiopods. So far we have recognized type material of at least four taxa in the Coen collection. In addition, the Arthur Blok collection was donated in 1974 and includes ca. 65 samples of recent brachiopods.

Due to the limited number of extant species, new records of living brachiopods should prove to be an important contribution to future studies in biogeography, phylogeny and the study of paleoenvironments. Our preliminary results show species occurrences in undocumented depths and habitats of the Eastern Mediterranean, and points to higher estimation of diversity in the Eastern Mediterranean than previously assumed. The order of magnitude difference in species diversity between extant and fossil brachiopods means our new information on life modes and habitats of recent species may have a significant effect on paleoecological reconstruction of their fossil counterparts. Thus, our new record of recent Levantine brachiopods can improve their use as reliable proxies for reconstructing environmental conditions throughout the fossil record.
A new yellow-toed Platypelis species (Anura, Microhylidae, Cophylinae) from the Maroantsetra region, northeastern Madagascar
Authors: Scherz Mark D. , Köhler Jörn , Vences Miguel , Glaw Frank
Published: June 2019

We describe a new species of arboreal narrow-mouthed frog, genusPlatypelis, from Ambodivoangy near Maroantsetra in northeastern Madagascar. The new species,Platypelisandosp. nov., is characterised by small body size (under 19 mm), a generally rather slender body, yellowish finger and toe tips, and a dark brown dorsal chevron. Its advertisement call is a single, moderately long, high-pitched whistle repeated at regular intervals. It is the sister species ofP.ravusfrom Marojejy National Park, but differs from that species by considerable pairwise genetic distances (7.9%) in a fragment of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene, and also in bioacoustic and morphological features, especially the absence of yellow on the posterior abdomen. It is also surprisingly similar in external appearance toCophylaoccultansandC.maharipeo, to which it is not, however, closely related; these species are most easily discerned based on their calls.Platypelisandosp. nov.joins the ranks of several species recently described from Ambodivoangy with close affiliations to species in the nearby Marojejy National Park, that are still divergent at species level. The species qualifies as Critically Endangered according to the IUCN Red List criteria, in line with other species recently assessed from this area, but we urge that more research be conducted in the nearby forests to extend the range of this and other species known only from Ambodivoangy.
Stability in Lepidoptera names is not served by reversal to gender agreement: a response to Wiemers et al. (2018)
Authors: van Nieukerken Erik J. , Karsholt Ole , Hausmann Axel , Holloway Jeremy D. , Huemer Peter , Kitching Ian J. , Nuss Matthias , Pohl Gregory R. , Rajaei Hossein , Rennland Erwin , Rodeland Jürgen , Rougerie Rodolphe , Scoble Malcolm J. , Sinev Sergey Yu. , Sommerer Manfred
Published: June 2019

none
Efficacy of liposomal dosage forms and hyperosmolar salines in experimental pharmacotherapy of acute lung injury
Authors: Kulikov Oleg A. , Ageev Valentin P. , Marochkina Elena E. , Dolgacheva Irina S. , Minayeva Olga V. , Inchina Vera I.
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Hypertonic sodium chloride solutions and liposomal drugs with pulmotropic effect are of great interest for the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI). The results of the studies on the efficacy of hypertonic solutions and lipo[1]somes in ALI treatment are currently controversial.

Materials and methods: For the experiment, liposomes with dexamethasone, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), aprotinin and dye Cyanine-7 (Cy-7) were obtained. A liposome analysis was performed by means of spectrophotometry. ALI was modeled in rats by the administration of the damaging agents into the trachea. The experimental agents were injected once intravenously after the modeling of ALI. For experimental therapy used liposomal agents, 7.5% hypertonic saline (HS) and HyperHAES solutions in the respective groups. The efficacy of the therapy was assessed by the survival of animals, functional indicators of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and by the lung-body ratio. The biodistri[1]bution of liposomes after intravenous administration was investigated in mice through using a fluorescent dye Cy-7. The biodistribution of liposomes with Cy-7 was assessed using bioimaging according to the fluorescence intensity of internal organs (lungs, liver, and kidneys) and blood, expressed as dye concentration according to the calibration de[1]pendence of dye concentrarion on fluorescence intensity.

Results and discussion: All the studied liposomal drugs were effective for the pharmacological correction of ALI. Hypertonic solutions, unlike liposomal drugs, were less likely to prevent the development of pulmonary edema. All the studied therapeutic agents increased the survival rate of the laboratory animals with ALI. The most effective experimen[1]tal agent was liposomal dexamethasone. The use of drugs in form of simple liposomes with average diameter of 350 nm provided for a higher concentration of the drug in the lungs within the first 40 minutes after intravenous administration.

Conclusion: Intravenous administration of liposomal forms is promising for the pharmacotherapy of acute lung injury.
De l'écriture à l'oralité
Authors: Bertrand Jean-Marie
Published: June 2019

Ce livre est bâti autour du dialogue des Lois de Platon, mais c'est aussi une synthèse sur la législation des cités grecques. À propos de la cité des Magnètes, on suit pas à pas ce qu'est la confection, la révision, la proclamation des lois, le travail du législateur qui vit dans un monde où l'oral et l'écrit ne suivent peut-être pas un développement aussi linéaire qu'on a bien voulu le dire. Chaque étape de cette recherche, construite de façon progressive, permet de constituer un dossier, non seulement de l'essentiel des documents épigraphiques et littéraires, mais aussi des débats les plus récents sur ces questions cruciales pour la compréhension du fonctionnement des systèmes politiques dans la Grèce antique.La constitution platonicienne est scrutée dans le détail, pas un des procédés de l'exercice du pouvoir, aussi retors soit-il, comme en témoigne l'usage de la rumeur, n'est laissé dans l'ombre. La théorie, disséquée, expliquée, éclairée est, sans cesse, mise en rapport avec les pratiques réelles des cités. Ce va-et-vient permet une ouverture sur l'ensemble du phénomène législatif dans le monde grec et l'élaboration de la pensée qui en accompagne les évolutions. Au carrefour des analyses des philosophes, des sémioticiens, des juristes et des historiens, ce livre propose une analyse nouvelle des modes de représentation des systèmes politiques grecs.
Les deux âges de la seigneurie banale
Authors: Barthélemy Dominique
Published: June 2019

Se détachant des nombreuses monographies consacrées à la France capétienne, l'ouvrage de Dominique Barthélémy nous propose une étude approfondie de la fameuse seigneurie de Coucy, qui avait suscité, jusqu'ici, plus de rêves que de véritable analyse scientifique : il lui redonne une histoire.

Remettant en question la chronologie classique des deux âges féodaux, bien ancrée depuis Marc Bloch, il apporte une contribution de premier ordre à notre connaissance des mutations subies au xiiie siècle par le système des relations sociales, des institutions et des formes d'expression juridiques ou culturelles. La seigneurie de Coucy, à ce moment, ne présente pas le type idéal correspondant à un apogée de la « féodalité » : affrontée aux contradictions d'une société locale et aux pressions extérieures des principes et du roi, elle est en perpétuelle élaboration.

Dominique Barthélémy porte son attention, aussi bien sur la noblesse et la chevalerie que sur les serfs et les bourgeois, dont l'affranchissement apparent lui paraît incomplet et ambigu.
Délibération et pouvoir dans la cité grecque
Authors: Ruzé Françoise
Published: June 2019

Passer de l'acclamation unanime et pourtant non contraignante, à la souveraineté reconnue d'une décision seulement majoritaire ; apprendre à délibérer, non plus entre notables mais entre citoyens, les plus nombreux possible, donnant ainsi à la citoyenneté un contenu politique nouveau ; accepter que le « premier venu » ne se contente pas de la sanction divine de l'échec, mais contrôle un chef et lui demande des comptes ; élargir le champ d'intervention du débat collectif jusqu'à la quasi-totalité des affaires civiques : tels sont les temps de l'histoire que ce travail cherche à restituer, d'abord grâce aux indications fournies par les poèmes homériques, puis en posant les jalons des divers rythmes d'évolution dans les quelques cités de la péninsule grecque qui nous offrent un minimum de documents ou de représentations.

Chemin faisant, nous nous interrogeons sur la définition progressive des critères de citoyenneté, sur la formation politique du citoyen, sa disponibilité et la réalité de sa participation, sur l'importance du rôle des Conseils, sur la pertinence, enfin, de l'opposition réductrice Sparte/Athènes, oligarchie/démocratie, bref sur les réalités du pouvoir vues à travers le prisme du processus délibératif. Du bavard impénitent et quelque peu pontifiant que représente le Nestor de l'Illiade, au Socrate citoyen et régulateur d'un débat qu'il n'arrive pas à maîtriser, les rapports entre la délibération et le pouvoir dans la cité sont complexes, variables et riches d'enseignements.
Le manuscrit perdu à Strasbourg
Authors: Moulinier Laurence
Published: June 2019

Connue de longue date pour ses visions, l'abbesse allemande Hildegarde de Bingen (1098-1179) a conquis ces dernières années un public de plus en plus large grâce à deux autres de ses dons. Cette bénédictine géniale, dont la longue vie fut particulièrement active, s'essaya en effet avec autant de succès à la musique et à la médecine, domaines dans lesquels peu de femmes ont laissé leur nom. Ses chants liturgiques (dont elle composa elle-même le texte et la musique) ont été conservés dans des manuscrits contemporains de leur auteur, et sont abondamment joués et enregistrés. Sa science naturelle en revanche, si elle séduit un nombre toujours croissant d'adeptes en quête d'alternatives à la médecine traditionnelle, ne présente pas les mêmes garanties de fiabilité : les préceptes médicaux de Hildegarde, que le public redécouvre aujourd'hui avec enthousiasme, nous ont été transmis par des manuscrits tardifs, et donc susceptibles d'avoir subi bon nombre de modifications. Les écrits scientifiques qu'elle conçut et rédigea se confondent-ils réellement avec ceux qui nous sont parvenus ? L'édition qu'on en donna à la Renaissance à Strasbourg fut-elle établie d'après un manuscrit aujourd'hui disparu, ou est-elle une belle infidèle ? Et si l'étonnant savoir naturaliste de Hildegarde est bien le sien, d'où cette moniale prétendûment inculte tenait-elle ces connaissances ? Autant de questions que l'auteur a tenté de résoudre en prenant ces traités médicaux en filature à travers les siècles : les résultats de l'enquête forment le récit des aventures et des avatars d'un oiseau rare, une œuvre scientifique composée par une femme hors du com¬mun dans l'Occident du XIIe siècle.
Dynamiques marchandes et nouvelles centralités dans une ville portuaire algérienne : Skikda
Authors: Fenchouch Alla-Eddine , Tamine Rachid
Published: June 2019

La question de la redéfinition des centralités urbaines et des pratiques des citadins est pertinente dans le contexte des villes algériennes, et plus largement maghrébines. En Algérie, de nombreuses publications ont montré l’émergence de nouvelles formes et fonctions de l’espace, touchant même les quartiers résidentiels, sous l’effet de la redistribution de la rente pétrolière et de la montée en puissance du commerce de l’importation. À partir d’une recherche empirique dans une ville portuaire d’Algérie, cet article examine comment le processus d’expansion commerciale influe sur le système de centralité, ainsi que sur les pratiques spatiales et les représentations des habitants. Il met en exergue les stratégies des acteurs économiques privés et des acteurs décisionnels dans ce processus, ainsi que le rapport que tissent les habitants avec ces espaces. Cette recherche montre que les dynamiques commerciales récentes des quartiers initialement résidentiels ont donné lieu à de nouvelles formes marchandes, réorganisant la structure de la centralité et renouvelant la quotidienneté des habitants.
The Market Opportunity for Social Enterprise in Developing Nations
Authors: Egan Paul , Lappeman James
Published: June 2019

In this chapter, the authors explore the market opportunity for social enterprises by drawing on the sub-Saharan middle class. Specifically, they look at some key indicators of market size, potential, and diversity. By making use of a 10 city study on the sub-continent, a range of topics emerge that expose high levels of heterogeneity between markets. As the world's fastest growing continent (in population) as well as one of the poorest regions on earth, sub-Saharan Africa is a key target for social enterprises that seek to change lives while running sustainable profit-making organizations. As this chapter adds to the narrative around market sizing and potential, the discussion also points to the need for a sophisticated view of social enterprises as propagated in this book as a whole.
Evidence of Strategic Marketing in Social Enterprises
Authors: Ellis Debbie , Derera Evelyn
Published: June 2019

Social enterprises represent a unique form of organization with both commercial and social objectives. As such, the application of strategic marketing to these organizations is not clearly understood. Chapter 1 developed a framework for analyzing strategic marketing, which is applied in this chapter to three South African social enterprises to assess the evidence of the application of strategic marketing in the social enterprise context. The results of the study reflect rich qualitative data providing evidence of the application of elements of strategic marketing as well as adaptations more appropriate to the social enterprise context. From these lessons, recommendations are made for social enterprises applying a more systematic approach to strategic marketing in their organizations.
Challenges for Social Enterprises in Special Education
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: June 2019

Social entrepreneurship is a rapidly growing discipline that is attracting the interest of governments, researchers, media, and organizations. Social enterprises have the ability to impact nations economically, environmentally, and socially by solving most pressing problems such as poverty, hunger, pollution, and education to name but a few through provision of their innovative products and services. So, in order for social enterprises including special schools to function effectively and efficiently, deliver innovative and quality services, and achieve their goals, they need sufficient sources and funding. Many researchers also cite that lack of funding is one of the greatest challenges and this is further aggravated due to lack of proper marketing of their services. Hence, adopting an exploratory research design and mixed method approach, the objective of this chapter is to apprehend the challenges of social enterprises in special education with a focus on schools, especially in emerging economies.
A Survey on Data Mining Techniques in Research Paper Recommender Systems
Authors: Maake Benard Magara , Ojo Sunday O. , Zuva Tranos
Published: June 2019

In this chapter, the authors give an overview of the main data mining techniques that are utilized in the context of research paper recommender systems. These techniques refer to mathematical models and tools that are utilized in discovering patterns in data. Data mining is a term used to describe a collection of techniques that infer recommendation rules and build models from research paper datasets. The authors briefly describe how research paper recommender systems' data is processed, analyzed, and then, finally, interpreted using these techniques. They review different distance measures, sampling techniques, and dimensionality reduction methods employed in computing research paper recommendations. They also review the various clustering, classification, and association rule-mining methods employed to mine for hidden information. Finally, they highlight the major data mining issues that are affecting research paper recommender systems.
Delivering the Next-Generation Research Repository
Authors: Alter Adi , Neuwirth Eddie , Guzman Dani
Published: June 2019

Academic libraries are looking for ways to grow their involvement in and scale-up their support for research activities. The successful transition depends to a large extent on the library's ability to systematically manage data, break down information silos and unify workflows across the library, research office and researchers. Data repositories are at the heart of this challenge, yet often institutional repositories are not built to address the needs of modern research data management due to inability to store all research assets, lack of consistent data models, and insufficient workflows. This chapter will present a new approach to research data management that ensures visibility of research output and data, data coherency, and compliance with open access standards. The authors will discuss a ‘Next-Generation Research Repository' that spans multiple data management activities, including automated data capture, metadata enrichment, dissemination, compliance-related workflows, automated publication to scholarly profiles, as well as open integration with the research ecosystem.
Exploring the Concept of Open Access Journals
Authors: Wani Showkat Ahmad , Wani Zahid Ashraf
Published: June 2019

The chapter focuses on the exploration and elucidation of the open access concept, with the main emphasis on open access journals, their types and features, etc. Similarly, the thrust was also given to acquaint the audience with the open access journal publishers, in order to aware them about the availability of open access literature and the opportunities where open access research can be published by the authors or scientists. In order to give some practical flavors to the readers of this study, the focus of the study was also made towards gauging the active open access journals indexed by the Scopus database. Moreover, particular emphasis was given to check the distribution of active open access journals indexed by it in the fields of life sciences, social sciences, physical sciences, and health sciences. The purpose was to ease the users to search and use the open access journal literature as per the subject taste.
Selection and Acquisition of Electronic Resources in Academic Libraries
Authors: Khatri N. K.
Published: June 2019

With information explosion, there has been a rapid increase in the number of e-resources published across the world. In addition to this, the cost of e-resources has risen steeply. This has resulted in libraries finding it difficult to acquire all the required information resources from the budget available from its parent body. The problem of libraries is compounded by the growing costs of maintaining both print and online subscription and issues related to ‘perpetual' electronic access to back files. The print industry in the world is said to be on the decline. People prefer the electronic versions of the reading materials, because they are more portable, accessible and affordable. But there are many challenges/hurdles to this path, which we have to overcome with time, effort and ingenuity. There are certain challenges relating to their selection, acquisition, maintenance and preservation, etc., which need joint efforts of library professionals and associations. Electronic publishing of scholarly journals, emerging of consortia, pricing models of the publishers give new opportunities for libraries to provide instant access to information. Consortium, formed by a group of libraries, is a unique program to facilitate electronic access to scholarly databases and journals. The beneficiaries will be faculty, researchers, students and neighbor institutes engaged in pursuing higher education. Consortia will minimize the financial burden and pave the way for an enormous amount of saving of time, money, and manpower.
Metaliteracy in Academic Libraries
Authors: Sukula Shiva Kanaujia
Published: June 2019

Metaliteracy is very significant as it recognizes the conventional information skills. The framework of metaliteracy is staged on information literacy including new facets. The relevance of metaliteracy for the students is crucial in developing meta-literate learners. Discerning the goals and various learning objectives are concrete competencies and metaliteracy for the learning are the basic components. The elements of information literacy have been associated with social media in recent times. Digital literacy is accompanied with visual literacy as well as cyberliteracy in developing the metaliteracy resources and environment. In this current age, where the information has its own value in all the known and unknown contexts, the research is based on retrospective and the latest information. The discussion on the application of metaliteracy in learning and stake-holders considers as a reflective space with the analytical and observational thinking for the learning. The role of the librarian is instrumental while the creation of content takes place keeping the metaliteracy aspects in planning. The experiences of networked information, as well as engagement of students, are the stepping stones for the creation of learning spaces. The role of the learner as participants, contributor and metaliteracy and learner-centered design is associated with metaliteracy and course-design. In this context, the metaliteracy assignments are significant, the metaliteracy assignments are kind of a method to motivate the learners and find out hidden knowledge. The chapter provides an example of the Case of Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. It discusses the methods applied at Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Central Library, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi for inducing information literacy and metaliteracy among the scholars to include various training programs, workshops, etc. The details of various activities are discussed as various training programs which are focused on educating the users about library resources, accessing them, etc.
Green Operational Strategy for Airlines
Authors: Migdadi Yazan Khalid Abed-Allah
Published: June 2019

This chapter identifies the content of airlines' operations strategy and reports the strategy patterns adopted by the airlines of each region. A detailed configuration of the airlines' green operational strategy is developed, using the content analysis of the sustainability reports from 23 airlines in five regions (North America, Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and South America). The green operational strategy adopted by each region is identified; each region adopted a green pattern that was unlike those of any other region. The indicative models for each region and across regions are developed by using a simple and special tailored quantitative analytical technique. The results of this chapter raise a set of questions about the impact of contextual factors on whichever green strategy pattern is adopted, indicating the need to conduct more in-depth analysis of green actions. This is one of a few studies to have developed a comprehensive definition of airlines' green operations strategy and explore the green strategy patterns adopted by airlines from different regions.
Smart Grid
Authors: Maheswari M.  , Gunasekharan S.
Published: June 2019

The electric grid that has the tendency to communicate two-way and can sense various parameters in the transmission line is termed as smart grid. This chapter deals about the overview of smart grid evolution, characteristics, and operation. There are various benefits in smart grid like improvement in efficiency, adaptive, self-healing, and optimized than conventional grid. The smart grid composition is complex and defined based on standards adaption, technical components perspective, technical perspective, and conceptual reference model perspective. In the architecture of smart grid, the role of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) plays a vital role to sense, measure, record, and communicate the data from load centre to data centre. AMI consists of smart meter, communication network, data reception, and management system. This chapter also covers the IEEE and IEC standards defined for smart grid operation. It also envisages the barriers in the implementation of smart grids.
Energy Informatics Using the Distributed Ledger Technology and Advanced Data Analytics
Authors: Cali Umit , Lima Claudio
Published: June 2019

The main drivers of the third industrial revolution era were the internet technologies and rise of renewable and distributed energy technologies. Transition to green and decentralized energy resources and digital transformation of the existing industrial infrastructure had been the biggest achievements of the third industrial revolution. The main drivers of the fourth era will be artificial intelligence (AI), quantum computing, advanced biotechnology, internet of things, additive manufacturing, and most importantly, distributed ledger technology (DLT). Energy forecasting such as wind and solar power forecasting models are the most common energy AI-based informatics applications in the energy sector. In addition, use of DLT is expected to be an industrial standard in various industrial sectors including energy business in the coming decade. This chapter emphasizes description of energy forecasting using AI and energy DLT and future developments and solutions to overcome challenges that are associated with standardization of the energy DLT applications.
Re-Conceptualizing Race in New York City's High School Social Studies Classrooms
Authors: Lehner Edward , Ziegler John R.
Published: June 2019

In New York State Public Schools, social studies education centers on employing interdisciplinary approaches to help students learn civic values and historical events. Increasingly, due in no small part to the influence of popular culture, social studies education research is making fewer distinctions about racial and ethnic identities. Following some trends in the larger academic community, more of the research in social studies education categorizes ethnically and religiously diverse European and African groups into the narrow categories of White or Black. This practice of flattening diverse European and African groups into current day race frameworks can be problematic when teaching high school social studies, particularly in highly diverse urban centers, because it perpetuates binary racial constructions that both are rooted in the historical fallacy of presentism and tend to contradict the students' ontological realities.
What Are We Missing?
Authors: Wagle Tina
Published: June 2019

“Silenced voices” is an oft-used metaphorical term for marginalized and oppressed peoples. It pervades studies and literature related to important issues of social justice. However, recent research has prompted a literal reconceptualization of the term, raising the question: Are we aware and attentive to voices that are silent and not silenced? This reflective piece is a call to attention that best practices result from empirically based results of studies but on a population of students that attend school on a regular basis. As we know, this population is limited, so this chapter draws attention to limitations of data from researchers who have restrictions to certain populations, including minors.
Educational Reform
Authors: Cobbinah Joseph Ezale , Yamoah Michael
Published: June 2019

This chapter aims at examining the nature of educational reforms in general, access how they impact on the lives of the citizens, and identify some of the global perspectives of educational reforms. It examines how education could be reformed to make it equitable, address inequality and social injustice that still persists in our society. Educational programs in many parts of the world continue to undergo reformation due to governments' policy changes or ideology, yet so many people seem not to be satisfied with the nature of education delivery. The chapter concludes that educational reform should not only aim at introducing just new courses, restructure the curriculum per se but should aim at ensuring that it equips the citizenry to make them develop entrepreneurial skills, be able to find solutions to their problems and self-reliant. Reforms must also address the social inequality, social injustice, and lack of equity, social and racial discrimination that still persists in our societies today.
Crossing the Digital Divide
Authors: Milla Katherine A.
Published: June 2019

Teaching university students who have grown up with digital technologies presents new challenges for today's educators, who find themselves struggling to bridge the gap between the legacy educational system and an emerging but still undefined new paradigm. Students of the post-digital era have distinctly different cultural and social differences from their predecessors that require a new understanding of their learning needs and challenges. In this chapter the author summarizes generational differences between the current cohort of college students and their predecessors. She reviews and reflects on her experiences with the Digital Learning Initiative and proposes a new focus and approach for moving forward in the classroom.
Digital Social Media in Adolescents' Negotiating Real Virtual Romantic Relationships
Authors: Cameron Catherine Ann , Mascarenas Arantxa
Published: June 2019

Previous grounded theoretical analyses of rural adolescents' romantic relationship discussions identified media as critical conditions in negotiating gender expectations in intimate relations. More recent emergent fit analyses of urban teenagers' discussions of virtual romantic relationships extended original theories to consider a lack of confidence in communicating adequately in the context of using digital social media. The current research specifically investigated emergent fit analyses of digital media influences on relationships. Urban participants identified online platforms' playing significant roles in 1) signaling interest, 2) initiating, 3) maintaining exchanges, and 4) dissolving romantic relationships. Participants both complained and commended asynchronous digital media in exacerbating discomfort/comfort in communicating intimately. Participants sought guidance in transforming contextually complex intimate relational communications into a healthy reciprocity.
How Do Social Media Impact Interpersonal Communication Competence?
Authors: Hollenbaugh Erin E. , Ferris Amber L. , Casey Daniel J.
Published: June 2019

The current study examines the role of psycho-social individual characteristics, social media motives, and social media use as predictors of interpersonal communication competence (ICC). Applying the uses and gratifications theoretical framework, this research seeks to explore the potential effects of social media use related to the second digital generation (2DG), or those born after 1990. A cross-sectional study design, surveying 373 college students ages 18-24 years, found that offline social capital, interpersonal interaction, and social activity were direct, positive predictors of ICC. Social media motives and use contributed a small but significant portion of explained variance in the model, above and beyond effects of psycho-social characteristics. Specifically, members of the 2DG who use social media to compensate for offline loneliness, as well as those who were more dependent on social media to fulfill a variety of needs reported lower ICC. Limitations and directions for future research are also offered.
The Nature of Digital Leadership in Managing Employees Through Organizational Culture
Authors: Mengü Seda , Mengü Mehmet Murat , Güçdemir Yeşim , Canan Abdurrahman Seçkin
Published: June 2019

Thinking, decision-making, and visions have changed with digitalization, which transforms the climate and culture of the corporations and enables the emergence of new institutional behaviors and organizational environments. Should leaders and PR professionals change their current strategies to adapt themselves to the new digital environments? What strategies can the digital leaders utilize to connect with the employees of the future? One of the organizations that have been influenced the most by the digital transformation is the start-ups companies. The managers of the future will need all the flexibility, emotional intelligence, and creative thinking. Thus, the purpose of this study is to determine the influence of digital leadership on start-up companies regarding technological and social influences of the digital age across different demographics. Thus, a short questionnaire was implemented through semi-structured in-depth interviews in order to find out the influences over organizational culture. In this context, the leaders of eight start-up companies from Turkey were interviewed.
Artificial Intelligence Leadership
Authors: Canbek Mustafa
Published: June 2019

New developments in technology may cause massive changes in the organizational and managerial contexts as well as daily life. The aim of the research is to discuss how AI may affect the future of business life in respect to leadership and management. Additionally, questioning the possibility of artificial intelligence leadership. For this purpose, AI will be evaluated with regard to managerial roles defined by Henry Mintzberg. Evaluation of the managerial roles within the scope of AI leads us to think that AI will have a rich potential to lead and manage human beings. According to capabilities of AI, it can be suggested that AI might produce better results than human beings in the context of the managerial roles. AI leadership discussion gives a chance to shed light on today's management practices in a critical manner by comparing imagined AI with human being managers.
Critical Success Factors in Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation
Authors: Shaikh Muhammad , Shen Libi
Published: June 2019

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are considered, by many, to be extremely solid, while giving organizations the ability to quickly capture and manage data across diverse sectors. Because the successful employment of an ERP system depends upon skillful implementation, specific factors contributing to successful ERP implementation are essential. What are the critical factors in the implementation of ERP system? How do company administrators and IT professionals perceive the critical successful factors for the effective implementation of the ERP? How are critical successful factors defined? How do IT professionals perceive the influence of critical factors on the effective implementation of ERP in a Phoenix company? In this chapter, the critical successful factors in the implementation of ERP systems will be explored. A single case study was conducted, and the interview data were gathered from 15 IT professionals in a Phoenix, Arizona company. Problems, solutions, recommendations, and future research direction will be presented.
Addressing Poverty-Related Trauma in School Children
Authors: Trella Deanna L.
Published: June 2019

This chapter explores the effects of poverty on education. The chapter is divided into three sections: “Understanding Poverty and Homelessness,” which provides formal definitions and current evidence-based data; “Children's Experience of Poverty”; and “Addressing Poverty-Related Trauma in the Classroom,” an examination of innovative educational programs and resources that seek to mitigate the effects of poverty-related trauma.
Including All Abilities
Authors: Flippin Michelle , Moore Adam , Clapham Emily D.
Published: June 2019

This chapter shares how educators can learn about inclusive pedagogies to support students of all abilities, as well as how various school, university, and community programs are working to include people with disabilities. The chapter offers resources for educators who are seeking knowledge about inclusive pedagogies, programs, and project ideas. The authors examine methods and strategies by which teachers and teacher candidates can commit to creating inclusive classrooms and communities rooted in social justice. Each of the initiatives, organizations, and resources described can aid educators in keeping social justice central to their work with the disability community and, in so doing, to all community members.
NK Cells Are Critical for Optimal Immunity to ExperimentalTrypanosoma congolenseInfection
Authors: Onyilagha Chukwunonso , Kuriakose Shiby , Ikeogu Nnamdi , Kung Sam K. P. , Uzonna Jude E.
Published: June 2019

NK cells are key innate immune cells that play critical roles in host defense. Although NK cells have been shown to regulate immunity to some infectious diseases, their role in immunity to Trypanosoma congolense has not been investigated. NK cells are vital sources of IFN-γ and TNF-α; two key cytokines that are known to play important roles in resistance to African trypanosomes. In this article, we show that infection with T. congolense leads to increased levels of activated and functional NK cells in multiple tissue compartments. Systemic depletion of NK cells with anti-NK1.1 mAb led to increased parasitemia, which was accompanied by significant reduction in IFN-γ production by immune cells in the spleens and liver of infected mice. Strikingly, infected NFIL3−/− mice (which genetically lack NK cell development and function) on the normally resistant background were highly susceptible to T. congolense infection. These mice developed fulminating and uncontrolled parasitemia and died significantly earlier (13 ± 1 d) than their wild-type control mice (106 ± 26 d). The enhanced susceptibility of NFIL3−/− mice to infection was accompanied by significantly impaired cytokine (IFN-γ and TNF-α) response by CD3+ T cells in the spleens and liver. Adoptive transfer of NK cells into NFIL3−/− mice before infection rescued them from acute death in a perforin-dependent manner. Collectively, these studies show that NK cells are critical for optimal resistance to T. congolense, and its deficiency leads to enhanced susceptibility in infected mice.
Letter to the editor
Authors: Millson Helen
Published: June 2019

No abstract available
Physiotherapy utilisation by sports physicians for musculoskeletal injuries in selected elite sports in Nigeria
Authors: Ushotanefe U. , Mbajiogu F. E. , Sanya A. O.
Published: June 2019

In Nigeria, the majority of injured athletes seen in sports physiotherapy units are referred by sports physicians. The extent to which a physician utilises the services of physiotherapy in sport depends largely on the level of awareness or knowledge of physiotherapy services that such physicians have. This survey evaluated the degree of utilisation of physiotherapy services for the treatment of injuries during preparation for multi-sports events by sports physicians in selected elite sporting events in Nigeria.One hundred and twenty-eight athletes, coaches, sports administrators, scientists, medical doctors and physiotherapists located at four different camping sites, were sampled. The responses between different professional groups on the non-utilisation of physiotherapy services by sports physicians during preparation for multi-sport events, was not significant. However, Nigerian professionals who were surveyed, accepted the hypothesis that sports physicians did not utilize physiotherapy services for the management of musculoskeletal injuries during training and pre-games preparation in selected elite sports in Nigeria.This retrospective study of the actual referral records at the clinic of the sports medicine centre revealed that 20 (91%) different types of musculoskeletal injuries sustained by volley ball players were referred for physiotherapy. Nine (56.3%) injuries sustained by basketball players, 62 (87.3%) by track and field athletes, and 6 (74%) by football players were referred for physiotherapy between 1992 and 1995. The majority of the injuries sustained were ligamentous sprain and muscular strain with joints of the lower limbs and the back mostly affected.