bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nostalgia for empire: ‘Tempo doeloe’ in contemporary Dutch literature
Authors: De Mul Sarah
Published: September 2010

This article focuses on ‘tempo doeloe’, a mode of nostalgia to the Dutch East Indies (colonial Indonesia) in contemporary Dutch literature. The phrase ‘tempo doeloe’ denotes ‘the good old days’ in Pasar Malay, the colloquial colonial language that was used in the Dutch East Indies. The article examines some of the historically contingent dimensions, mnemonic features and ideological complexities of tempo doeloe. Particular attention is devoted, first, to how tempo doeloe is constitutive of a memorial community of repatriates in the Netherlands, and second, to how notions of authenticity and beauty are critically imbued with this particular type of nostalgia. The aim is to gain a better insight into tempo doeloe as a historically contingent Dutch mode of nostalgia for empire and to review some of the recent theoretical perspectives on possible intersections between memory and the postcolonial.
Conjuring Abraham, Martin and John: Memory and news of the Obama presidential campaign
Authors: Berkowitz Daniel A. , Raaii Sarah
Published: September 2010

In an era when most presidential candidates have come from well-established roots in mainstream society, Barack Obama broke the mold as an African-American growing up in a single-parent family, and at the time of the 2008 campaign, he was a relative newcomer to the American political machinery. As the subject of intense national scrutiny when his candidacy gained stock, Obama’s background posed a problem for journalists whose job it was to quickly observe the presidential campaign and present it within a framework that resonated with their audiences. This article’s argument suggests that when faced with atypical subjects that do not fit into an existing frame of reference journalists turn to a strategy to produce news that feels resonant and familiar. Through collective memory, references to the past help guide understandings about news of the present. By doing so, journalists can secure their ongoing roles as the storytellers of a culture.
Centennial hauntings: Reckoning with the 2005 celebration of Alberta’s history
Authors: Rosenberg Sharon , Dean Amber , Granzow Kara
Published: September 2010

In 2005, the Western Canadian province of Alberta celebrated the centennial anniversary of its entry into Confederation. The prevailing discourse of the centennial was characterized by celebration through pride in the past and the opportunities of a bright future. Notably absent from the centennial focus was the present: particularly, the incoherencies and troubling events of a present marked by colonial violence and its legacy. Questioning this apparent absent present in the centennial remembrance, the authors trace the limits of the prevailing discourse in its address to Aboriginality and a legacy of colonialism. They then juxtapose the centenary with concurrent events of violent loss, arguing that such events haunt the centennial remembrance strategy. As critics of social memory, the authors argue for a conceptual practice of reckoning with histories and their haunting legacies as a mode of learning how to live in relation to unsettled pasts, for a present that may be otherwise.
Healthy Universities: current activity and future directions - findings and reflections from a national-level qualitative research study
Authors: Dooris Mark , Doherty Sharon
Published: September 2010

This qualitative study used questionnaires to scope and explore ‘healthy universities’ activity taking place within English higher education institutions (HEIs). The findings revealed a wealth of health-related activity and confirmed growing interest in the healthy universities approach — reflecting an increasing recognition that investment for health within the sector will contribute not only to health targets but also to mainstream agendas such as staff and student recruitment, experience and retention; and institutional and societal productivity and sustainability. However, they also suggested that, while there is growing understanding of the need for a comprehensive whole system approach to improving health within higher education settings, there are a number of very real challenges — including a lack of rigorous evaluation, the difficulty of integrating health into a ‘non-health’ sector and the complexity of securing sustainable cultural change. Noting that health and well-being remain largely marginal to the core mission and organization of higher education, the article goes on to reflect on the wider implications for future research and policy at national and international levels. Within England, whereas there are Healthy Schools and Healthy Further Education Programmes, there is as yet no government-endorsed programme for universities. Similarly, at an international level, there has been no systematic investment in higher education mirroring the comprehensive and multifaceted Health Promoting Schools Programme. Key issues highlighted are: securing funding for evaluative research within and across HEIs to enable the development of a more robust evidence base for the approach; advocating for an English National Healthy Higher Education Programme that can help to build consistency across the entire spectrum of education; and exploring with the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Union for Health Promotion and Education (IUHPE) the feasibility of developing an international programme. (Global Health Promotion, 2010; 17(3): pp. 6—16)
Coordinated action checklist: a tool for partnerships to facilitate and evaluate community health promotion
Authors: Wagemakers Annemarie , Koelen Maria A. , Lezwijn Jeanette , Vaandrager Lenneke
Published: September 2010

Coordinated action through partnerships is a core approach in community health promotion to deal with the multidimensionality of today’s health and societal issues. The number of partnerships is increasing. However, facilitation and evaluation of partnerships is hampered by the lack and/or non-use of feasible tools. As a consequence, health promotion through partnerships is not optimally facilitated and evaluated. This article describes the development and piloting of a tool and guidelines to facilitate and evaluate coordinated action in community health promotion. The initial development of the tool was based on relevant literature, a conceptual framework to support social environments for health, and an inventory of existing tools. Appreciative inquiry principles contributed to the formulation of items. The result, a checklist for coordinated action, was further developed and assessed for usability in six different partnerships: a national program, an academic collaborative and four local partnerships. Results of the checklist were cross-checked and discussed with partners. Piloting the checklist resulted in a feasible tool helpful to partnerships because of its ability to generate actionable knowledge. The checklist enables the facilitation and evaluation of community health promotion partnerships that differ in context and level (both local and national), phase of the program and topics addressed. Cross-checking and discussing results with partners and triangulation with interview data increases the reliability of the results of the checklist. Piloting in multiple cases contributes to the checklist’s external validity.
Health promotion capacity building in South Africa
Authors: Wills Jane , Rudolph Michael
Published: September 2010

Health promotion in South Africa is in its early stages and while there is some institutional development and capacity building for managers, there has been relative disregard and lack of attention of the wider health promotion workforce who carry out community-based health promotion activities. This article describes one regional education and training programme for health promoters as well as the limited available evidence on the impact of the project on learners and organizations. Marked differences before and after the implementation of the training activities were reported in relation to behaviour change communication and project planning, in addition to self-reported positive change in knowledge, confidence and a high level of participant satisfaction. Investment in individual skills development needs to be accompanied by wider workforce development with organizational/ institutional development and recognised competencies frameworks.
Large-scale programs and medical literacy: beliefs about AIDS in Ghana
Authors: Knudsen Knud , Antwi Mary Phyllis
Published: September 2010

In this article we study knowledge about HIV/AIDS in Ghana. We investigate inhabitants’ medical literacy, focusing on potential misconceptions of transmission mechanisms of the epidemic. Our basic premise is that well-organized health programmes over a longer time span will better prepare and fine-tune the local mentality for scientifically founded messages. We argue that the large-scale Navrongo Project and similar activities in the upper regions of Ghana are likely to have laid the groundwork for a receptive population, when it comes to understanding and believing in science-based information. Especially, we hypothesize that people living in the Upper East Region where the Navrongo Project has been located, to be more scientifically literate and have beliefs consistent with the medical paradigm for virus transmission. The main data source for statistical analyses is the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey from 2003, with a sample size of over 10,000 respondents of both sexes, aged 15—49 years. To evaluate individual and regional differences in such AIDS beliefs, we apply step-wise multiple regression analysis. This approach allows for investigating individual influences and structural effects together, tracing regional variations, as specific control variables are added to the exploratory framework. The findings suggest that large-scale intervention programmes for improving health standards in an African context can have important long-term effects on inhabitants’ beliefs, beyond original aims. Notably, the massive Navrongo projects and related activities especially in the Upper East Region of Ghana, seemingly have increased inhabitants’ trust in the medical model as compared to alternative paradigms. The empirical pattern is at least consistent with our main theoretical arguments, although further research is needed for a stronger test.
A paradigm to guide health promotion into the 21 st century: the integral idea whose time has come
Authors: Lundy Tam
Published: September 2010

The field of health promotion and education is at a turning point as it steps up to address the interconnected challenges of health, equity and sustainable development. Professionals and policy makers recognize the need for an integrative thinking and practice approach to foster comprehensive and coherent action in each of these complex areas. An integrative approach to policy and practice builds bridges across disciplines and discourses, supporting our efforts to take important next steps to generate sustainability and health for all. Comprehensive and coherent practice requires comprehensive and coherent theory. This article offers a brief introduction to Ken Wilber’s influential Integral model, inviting its consideration as a promising paradigmatic framework that can guide thinking, practice, research and evidence as health promotion and education enter a new era. Currently influencing thought and practice leaders in diverse disciplines and sectors, the Integral approach presents a practical response to the current call for cross-disciplinary collaboration to address health, equity and sustainability. In addition, it addresses the disciplinary call for evidence-based practice that is grounded in, and accountable to, robust theoretical foundations.
The role of student-run organizations within global health promotion initiatives: commentary and call for research
Authors: Fulawka Shaughnessy , Berry Tanya
Published: September 2010

This article critically examines the strengths and challenges associated with student-run international volunteer organizations using a 10-week malaria initiative as an example. The project demonstrated a lack of understanding of the broader impact of such initiatives on the activities of other development organizations. There is a need for future research investigating some concerns regarding potentially limiting features of these organizations including (i) a lack of qualified volunteers, (ii) short-term projects with high turnover rates of volunteers and (iii) potentially short-sighted program objectives. Despite these limitations, student-run programs offer individuals unique opportunities to gain and enhance leadership skills.
La carte sanitaire de la ville de Lubumbashi, République Démocratique du Congo Partie I : problématique de la couverture sanitaire en milieu urbain congolais
Authors: Chenge Mukalenge , Van der Vennet Jean , Porignon Denis , Luboya Numbi , Kabyla Ilunga , Criel Bart
Published: September 2010

Cet article fait l’inventaire physique de toutes les structures de soins existantes dans la ville de Lubumbashi en 2006, étudie l’évolution de leur apparition dans le temps, détermine leur répartition géographique et identifie les différents prestataires institutionnels et opérationnels qui y travaillent. Une enquête de terrain a permis de collecter des informations se rapportant à ces objectifs pour l’année 2006. Les résultats révèlent une augmentation annuelle du nombre des structures de soins et leur concentration vers le centre-ville ; une grande diversité institutionnelle des prestataires (Etat, confessions religieuses, ONG locales, entreprises paraétatiques et privés indépendants) ; une évolution exponentielle du nombre de structures de première ligne et une croissance de la pratique médicalisée dans ces structures ; une marginalisation de l’Etat comme prestataire de première ligne (moins de 10% de l’offre) mais qui reste néanmoins prestataire majoritaire dans l’offre de soins hospitaliers (51% de lits d’hospitalisation). Ces résultats plaident pour une évolution dans les rôles de l’Etat : celui-ci devrait se concentrer en priorité sur l’offre de soins hospitaliers, ensuite sur son rôle de démonstration des bonnes pratiques en première ligne et enfin sur la régulation de l’offre privée de soins de première ligne.
La carte sanitaire de la ville de Lubumbashi, République Démocratique du Congo Partie II : analyse des activités opérationnelles des structures de soins
Authors: Chenge Mukalenge , Van der Vennet Jean , Porignon Denis , Luboya Numbi , Kabyla Ilunga , Criel Bart
Published: September 2010

Les structures de santé dans la ville de Lubumbashi tentent d’offrir à la population des soins de santé en réponse à ses besoins ressentis. Cet article présente et analyse la nature et le volume des soins offerts par les différents prestataires institutionnels aux différents niveaux du système de santé pour l’ensemble de l’année 2006. Pratiquement toutes les structures offrent des soins curatifs. Le taux d’utilisation moyen pour l’ensemble de la ville est de 0,37 nouveaux cas par habitant par an. La population utilise plus souvent l’hôpital que les structures intermédiaires et celles de première ligne. Des maternités sont disponibles dans près de 2/3 des structures de première ligne, dans toutes les structures intermédiaires et dans tous les hôpitaux. Neuf accouchements sur dix sont assistés avec un taux de césarienne de moins de 2%. La vaccination est réalisée dans 2/3 des structures de première ligne avec un taux de couverture de la 3ème dose du vaccin trivalent contre la diphtérie, le tetanos et la coqueluche (DTC3) de 49%. Seulement quelques structures de première ligne dépistent les cas de tuberculose pulmonaire à microscopie positive avec un taux de dépistage de 44%. La présente étude, basée sur une mesure quantitative, met en évidence une discordance entre l’offre et la demande. Elle contribue à une meilleure compréhension de l’offre de soins à Lubumbashi même si les questions de la qualité des soins et de l’accessibilité financière aux soins restent encore en suspens.
À propos des collectifs d’usagers de la santé en France au 20 ème siècle
Authors: Knobé Sandrine
Published: September 2010

L’expression collective de doléances propres aux usagers de la santé n’émerge pas subitement dans les années 1980—1990 avec les actions associatives très médiatisées comme celles de la lutte contre le sida. Mais cette période s’avère toutefois propice à une politisation progressive de la question de la participation des usagers au processus d’élaboration des politiques publiques de santé du fait, entre autres, de la médiatisation de différentes affaires dites de santé publique. La thématique de la participation des usagers au système de santé prend ainsi place dans le débat politique et connaît plusieurs mises en forme juridique jusqu’à devenir un enjeu reconnu sous l’appellation de « démocratie sanitaire ». Cet article se propose de donner des points de repères quant à l’histoire en France des collectifs porte-parole des usagers de la santé des années 1970 à nos jours.
Traitement du VIH/sida en Afrique: la gratuité pour limiter les coûts
Authors: Taverne Bernard
Published: September 2010

La mise en place de la gratuité des soins et des médicaments dans les services de santé, pour les PVVIH dans les pays pauvres, recommandée par l’OMS en 2006, est actuellement occultée par les débats sur les financements des stratégies de traitement. Ces financements sont menacés par une augmentation prévisible des coûts (liée à l’application des nouvelles recommandations de traitement de l’OMS qui ont pour but de « traiter mieux »), et une possible réduction des budgets disponibles (liée aux incertitudes sur le réapprovisionnement du Fonds Mondial). « Traiter mieux » doit permettre de limiter les abandons de traitement précoces, les échecs thérapeutiques et les résistances virales, et donc l’accroissement des coûts. Cela n’est possible que si les patients ont accès aux services de santé et si cet accès est maintenu à long terme. Aussi, la gratuité des services est bien la première mesure à mettre en place pour limiter les coûts.
Initial Single-Center Experience With Levosimendan Infusion for Perioperative Management of Univentricular Heart With Ductal-Dependent Systemic Circulation
Authors: Garisto Cristiana , Favia Isabella , Ricci Zaccaria , Chiara Luca Di , Morelli Stefano , Giorni Chiara , Vitale Vincenzo , Picardo Sergio , Di Donato Roberto M.
Published: September 2010

The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and the efficacy of levosimendan, a novel calcium sensitizer agent, on postoperative hemodynamic and metabolic parameters of neonates affected by single ventricle anatomy. Twenty consecutive neonates scheduled for the Norwood procedure with Blalock Taussig shunt were prospectively enrolled. All patients received an infusion of levosimendan at 0.1 μg/kg/min commencing 24 hours before surgery, and the infusion was continued for 48 hours after surgery. No side effects (intolerance to the drug, hypotension, arrhythmias) were shown. A median inotropic score (IS) of 37 was necessary to maintain a mean arterial pressure between 45 and 50 mm Hg at intensive care unit (ICU) admission: IS was significantly reduced after 72 hours ( P < .05). Brain natriuretic peptide values decreased significantly from 1210 to 459 pg/mL in 72 hours ( P < .05). Median SvO2increased significantly from 38% to 59% during the evaluated period ( P < .05). Cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy values were close to 40% at ICU admission with a significant stable increase to 50% after 12 hours ( P < .05). Median lactate level was 13 mmol/L at ICU admission but showed a trend to a rapid and significant decrease after 12 hours ( P < .05). Median urine output was surprisingly elevated, always remaining between 5.2 and 6.2 mL/kg/h throughout the postoperative period. Survival rate was 85% at 30 days (17/20 patients) and 75% (15/20) at hospital discharge. Levosimendan infusion in a cohort of neonates with univentricular anatomy was safe and potentially beneficial on postoperative hemodynamic and metabolic parameters.
Emergency Transmediastinal Pneumonectomy for Scimitar Syndrome
Authors: Sfyridis Panagiotis G. , Papagiannis John K. , Lytrivi Irene D. , Kirvassilis George V. , Sarris George E.
Published: September 2010

Repair of scimitar syndrome presenting in infancy involves either tunneling or reimplantation of the anomalous vein to the left atrium and may be fraught with serious complications such as thrombosis and secondary pulmonary infarction necessitating pneumonectomy. The authors present the case of a severely symptomatic infant with scimitar syndrome, managed initially with closure of an atrial septal defect in the hope of avoiding a repair with considerable risk of scimitar vein thrombosis and pulmonary infarction. Despite initial clinical improvement, subsequent rapid development of spontaneous massive emphysematous degeneration of the right lung necessitated emergency pneumonectomy, which was accomplished via the median sternotomy approach.
Interatrial Communication With Unusual Caval Venous Anomalies
Authors: Talwar Sachin , Upadhyay Madhav , Choudhary Shiv Kumar , Kothari Shyam Sunder , Anderson Robert H. , Airan Balram
Published: September 2010

We report a 3-year-old patient with a rare combination of a sinus venosus interatrial communication, anomalous drainage of the right superior pulmonary vein to the right atrium, persistent left superior caval vein, and interruption of the inferior caval vein. We discuss features of anatomical and technical interest.
Insights After 40 Years of the Fontan Operation
Authors: Chin Alvin J. , Whitehead Kevin K. , Watrous Raymond L.
Published: September 2010

Fontan’s visionary operation and its modifications over the ensuing decades have re-established nonturbulent flow and substantially reduced cyanosis for patients with severe hypoplasia of one ventricle. However, a long list of largely unexpected sequelae has emerged over the last 40 years. Although it is not difficult to understand how care providers could become discouraged, a number of myths have arisen, which we will attempt to dispel with real-world counterexamples as well as with lessons learned from other disciplines: evolutionary, developmental, and computational biology. We argue that distinctive biochemical abnormalities pointing to dysfunction in multiple organs, including the largest organ system in the body, the endothelium, occur long before grossly observable changes in cardiac imaging can be recognized. With a rational redesign of both our surveillance scheme and our wellness strategies, we hope that Fontan survivors and their families, as well as physicians, nurses, and therapists, will see why Fontan’s principle remains just as vibrant today as it was in 1971.
Normally and Abnormally Related Great Arteries
Authors: Praagh Richard Van
Published: September 2010

The conus arteriosus or infundibulum was the site of the major cardiovascular evolutionary and developmental adaptation that made possible air-breathing and permanent land-living for vertebrates, including mammals such as ourselves. The subarterial conal free walls perform an embryonic aortic switch procedure by 35 to 44 days of age in utero, based on growth of the left-sided subpulmonary conal free wall and resorption of the right-sided subaortic conal free wall, i.e., complete right-left asymmetry in the development of the subarterial conal free walls. There is only one way of doing the developmental aortic aortic switch procedure right (one way in situs solitus, and its mirror-image in situs inversus), and there are many ways of doing it wrong, resulting in the conotruncal anomalies. The proximal or apical part of the conus arteriosus, the septal band, was the mother of the right ventricular sinus (the lung pump). The conus transformed the single (systemic) circulation of fish into our double (systemic and pulmonary) circulations. The right ventricle (RV) is only about 36% as old as the left ventricle (LV). Most congenital heart disease involves anomalies of the more recently developed RV, congenital heart disease being the most frequent anomaly in liveborn children — almost 1 percent (0.8%).
Building a Culture of Excellence in Boston and Beyond
Authors: Hickey Patricia A.
Published: September 2010

There is mounting evidence that unhealthy work environments result in dissatisfied staff, breakdown in communication among disciplines, and poor patient outcomes. The American Association of Critical Care Nurses (AACN) Standards for Establishing and Sustaining Healthy Work Environments and the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) Patient-Focused Care project were developed as complementary initiatives to provide direction for improving patient care environments. Hospitalized pediatric patients benefit from interdisciplinary collaboration, teamwork, and clinical innovation that are not obstructed by disciplinary silos and rigid roles. AACN’s 6 evidence-based standards are used as a framework to guide this discussion about cultures of excellence in pediatric cardiovascular programs through the lens of an experienced nurse administrator. Each standard interacts in a dynamic way to promote clinical and operational excellence for optimal patient outcomes. Evidence-based examples of contemporary interdisciplinary practice from pediatric cardiovascular centers are described for each of the standards. The 2010 results from the AACN Healthy Work Environment Survey for the cardiovascular program at Children’s Hospital Boston are documented. The AACN standards are aligned as a foundation for assessment and improvement of pediatric professional practice environments. Implementation of the standards may be helpful in achieving a culture of excellence in pediatric cardiovascular centers. Monitoring the standards across programs and organizations may be accomplished through the AACN Healthy Work Environment Survey.
Simple Versus Complex Truncus Arteriosus
Authors: Hawkins John A. , Kaza Aditya K. , Burch Phillip T. , Lambert Linda M. , Holubkov Richard , Witte Madolin K.
Published: September 2010

This study examined simple versus complex forms of truncus arteriosus (TA) results in the current era with regard to mortality, reintervention, and resource utilization. From 1999 to 2008, 42 infants underwent primary repair of TA, including 22 simple forms of TA without associated anomalies and 20 complex forms with risk factors such as interrupted aortic arch (n = 8), coarctation (n = 1), significant truncal valve regurgitation (n = 6), discontinuous pulmonary arteries (n = 3), and truncal valve stenosis (n = 2). There were 4 early deaths (4/42, 9.5%), with no difference between simple TA (2/22, 9.1%) and complex TA (2/20, 10%). Early mortality decreased to 1 patient (1/23, 4%) in the most recent era: 2003-2008. Late mortality occurred in 4 (4/38, 10.5%). Reintervention was required in 12 patients, a median of 2 years postoperatively: for conduit reasons in 8 and combined conduit and truncal valve insufficiency in 4. Actuarial survival was 82% ± 7% at 5 years and freedom from reintervention was 52% ± 17% at 5 years, which are not different between complex and simple forms. Complex TA, age, and weight were not predictors on multivariable analysis for early or late death or reintervention. Complex TA had significantly longer ( P < .05) median length of stay (17 vs 13 days) and intensive care unit intubation times (8 vs 5 days) versus simple TA. Complex TA does not have a higher operative or late mortality risk or increased risk of reintervention compared with simple TA. However, complex patients can be expected to have increased resource utilization as compared with simple forms of TA.
Magnetic Resonance Angiography Detection of Vascular Aneurysms in Patients With Kawasaki Disease and Coronary Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Casadonte Joseph R. , Perez Vanessa M. , Stapleton Gary , Crawford Marguerite M. , Jacobs Jeffrey P. , Cooper David S. , Dadlani Gul H.
Published: September 2010

Kawasaki disease is a systemic panvasculitis that causes coronary artery aneurysms in approximately 15% to 25% of untreated patients. Systemic vascular aneurysms may also occur in medium-sized arteries throughout the body and may lead to increased morbidity and mortality in patients with Kawasaki disease. We report a case of diffuse systemic aneurysm formation in a 2-year-old patient with Kawasaki disease with coronary artery aneurysms. Full-body magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) imaging was utilized both in the acute phase and again prior to cardiac catheterization performed at 6 months from the acute illness. The initial MRA detected aneurysmal dilatation of the common and internal iliac arteries bilaterally in the acute phase. Subsequent MRA performed prior to cardiac catheterization 6 months later demonstrated resolution of the iliac artery lesions. Full-body MRA may be useful in screening for associated systemic vascular aneurysms in patients with Kawasaki disease and associated coronary artery aneurysms.
Atrial Myxoma in 2 Nigerian Children
Authors: Animasahun Adeola Barakat , Kushimo Olusola Y. , Fajuyile Frances A. , Njokanma Olisamedu F.
Published: September 2010

Myxomas are the most common primary cardiac tumors in adults. They are more common in the third to sixth decades of life but infrequent in the pediatric age group. Among pediatric patients, the most often affected patients are teenagers. Their presentation is often enigmatic because of vague constitutional findings. The vague and unusual symptomatology of cardiac myxomas often has led to delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis in children and adolescents. We, therefore, present 2 cases among Nigerian children below adolescent age and also with vague symptomatology.
Simultaneous Repair of Supravalvar Aortic and Supravalvar Pulmonary Stenosis Using the 3-Patch Technique
Authors: Sojak Vladimir , Koolbergen Dave , Filippini Luc , Hazekamp Mark
Published: September 2010

Patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome may have bilateral outflow tract obstruction. We report a simultaneous repair of supravalvar aortic and supravalvar pulmonary stenosis using the 3-patch technique.
A History of Pediatric Tracheal Surgery
Authors: Backer Carl L. , Holinger Lauren D.
Published: September 2010

Tracheal stenosis in children is primarily caused by congenital complete cartilage tracheal rings. These infants present with severe respiratory distress early in life. The purpose of this review is to examine the history of surgical intervention for infants and children with congenital tracheal stenosis. Most of the significant advances in the surgical treatment of patients with congenital tracheal stenosis have occurred over the past 50 years. The highlights of the historical events include the first pulmonary artery sling repair (1953), tracheal resection (1958), cartilage tracheoplasty (1981), pericardial tracheoplasty (1982), slide tracheoplasty (1989), homograft tracheoplasty (1994), and tracheal autograft (1996). The results of surgical intervention on patients with congenital tracheal stenosis have steadily improved, particularly during the past 20 years. Most successful centers are using cardiopulmonary bypass, simultaneous repair of associated pulmonary artery sling and cardiac anomalies, and the current procedure of choice—slide tracheoplasty. During the past 50 years, significant advances have been made in the care of infants with congenital tracheal stenosis. The outlook for these children is currently quite good, and successful outcomes are particularly evident at institutions with a careful multidisciplinary approach to these patients.
Anthropology, Pentecostalism, and the New Paul: Conversion, Event, and Social Transformation
Authors: Robbins Joel
Published: September 2010

This essay brings together the current philosophical discussion of Paul and recent anthropological work on Christianity. Taking the development of notions of the event as a source of radical cultural change as the center of new philosophical discussions of Paul, I argue that the rapid spread of Pentecostalism around the world in the last hundred years has subjected many communities to just this kind of evental transformation. Given this, how might philosophical theories of the event that claim Paul as their patron saint be read in relation to what it means for Pentecostal converts to become Christian in the contemporary world? After outlining Alain Badiou's theory of the event and arguing for its anthropological usefulness, I deploy it in analyzing in some detail the history of a community's conversion in Papua New Guinea. While Badiou's model brings out many aspects of this case—showing the value of putting anthropological materials on lived Christianity into dialogue with recent philosophical work on Paul—the case's details also push in some ways against the model. In particular, they demonstrate the difficulty people have living their lives wholly in terms of what Badiou sees as the universalism of the event. This point leads to a consideration of the possibility that Christianity and, in fact, all universalisms are best understood as what Simon Coleman calls “part-cultures”—those that require some other culture that they both reject and curate in order to be able to play a role in shaping social life. Taking account of this part-culture quality of evental universalisms allows for a more complex account of the nature of radical cultural transformation than one finds in the new philosophical literature on Paul.
The Philosophers' Paul in the Frame of the Global: Some Reflections
Authors: Castelli Elizabeth A.
Published: September 2010

Several European philosophers have in recent years turned to the letters of Paul in search of a language to address the question of the political in the contemporary moment. Their question is how to mine the intellectual traditions of the West for resources to remake politics in the wake of certain undeniable post-Enlightenment impasses. Most of these thinkers focus their discussions on the most difficult, enigmatic, and singular of Paul's letters: Romans. They fearlessly deracinate the text from its familiar cultural terrain, cutting across historical distances and past countless shelves of biblical critique without looking back. On one reading, Paul emerges in each of these texts as the unhailed hero of his own story, each story reflecting uncannily their authors' own commitments and absorptions. But, of course, the fascination with Paul is more than a narcissistic indulgence on the part of philosophers dizzy and light-headed from their field's well-documented “turn to religion.” At the same time, the overarching philosophical nostalgia for biblical origins invites a much deeper analysis of the often uninterrogated investments that undergird this particular expression of biblical afterlives. This essay offers some reflections on this philosophical trajectory on its own terms but attempts to consider the effort to reclaim Paul for arguments about universalism and messianism in relation to the emergence of the notion of global Christianity, a term that, with its empirical referent, operates on a wholly different register of engagement and critique. What varieties of work are performed by the categories of “universal” and “global” in these conversations? What political contestations go unnamed and untheorized in the process?
“The spirits of the prophets are subject to the prophets”: Global Pentecostalism and the Re-enchantment of Critique
Authors: Smith James K. A.
Published: September 2010

We might describe two traditions of critique: the prophetic and the secular. Under the aegis of modernity, however, critique was simply collapsed into the secular. Against the backdrop of Enlightenment rationality, prophetic critique could be seen only as parochial and hence uncritical—tainted by the particularity of religious tradition and thus disqualified from the alleged universality of secular reason. On this account, critical thought could be informed only by secular reason. Criticism, in this picture, is bound up with the disenchantment of the world. This confidence in secular reason, however, has eroded on several fronts. Concurrent with these developments has been an explosion of global Christianity, particularly Pentecostal and charismatic Christianity, animated by a deep sense of the enchantment of the world, as evidenced by “signs and wonders” that contest the disenchantments of modernity. Central to Pentecostal spirituality is the prophetic—a sense that God speaks to (and into) our social orders. The confluence of these presents an opportunity to reconsider prophetic critique. But does the prophetic voice in global Pentecostalism yield prophetic critique? On the one hand, there are rich resources of critical thought embedded in Pentecostal practice; on the other hand, globalized Pentecostalism often seems quite comfortable with globalized capitalism. This essay disinters the implicit, critical elements that are embedded in Pentecostal spirituality while also trying to account for why global Pentecostalism so often mimics globalized capitalism. I suggest that Pentecostalism will be truly critical—and hence, prophetic—only to the extent that it is catholic.
Angels and Grass: Church, Revival, and the Neo-Pauline Turn
Authors: Bialecki Jon
Published: September 2010

This essay takes note of the fact that Alain Badiou published both Saint Paul: The Foundation of Universalism and Deleuze: The Clamor of Being in the same year and of the resulting controversy that has emerged from Badiou's (and his followers') critique of the propriety and efficaciousness of Gilles Deleuze–inspired forms of political praxis and subjectivity. In a move to adjudicate between the competing claims that arose from this debate, this essay asks whether a juxtaposition of contemporary Pentecostal and charismatic global Christianity—as captured by a newly emerging anthropology of Christianity—with Badiou's description of an original first-century Pauline Christian militancy could bring clarity to these issues. Starting with a reading of some key work and ethnography by Joel Robbins (one of the establishing figures in the anthropology of Christianity) and supplementing it with a brief review of some of the wider ethnographic literature, this essay argues that the contemporary Pentecostal/charismatic global resurgence bears the mark of two distinct yet intertwined modalities of subjectivity and praxis, church and revival, each of which are similar, respectively, to the competing forms of subjectivity and praxis championed by Badiou and Deleuze. The essay then closes with the open question of whether secular liberatory anticapital movements could borrow from this heterogeneous mix of tactics in an attempt to produce a challenge and an alternative to the current system.
Liturgy and the Senses
Authors: Pickstock C. J. C.
Published: September 2010

The impulse to worship precedes philosophical reflection about God. It involves gratitude, admiration, and petition. However, it can also be argued that worship concludes and completes human abstract reflections. First, human beings are called to rise above their animal nature to a spiritual level (Plato). But the church fathers taught that they must rise above intellectual contemplation to union with God through perfected desire. However, we cannot reach this union through our own efforts; God must reach graciously down to us. But when he does so, he reaches down into our entire microcosmic nature; hence, it is the resurrected body that will enjoy the fullness of the beatific vision. Hence also, grace comes to us in sacramental modes of worship and not in isolated solitude. It reaches us through our individual bodies and within the collective body. Beyond the heightened reach of mind alone, God descends to permeate our entire personal being, body and soul. Second, liturgy completes thought because the governing of our senses by reason was disturbed by the fall of Adam. Disordered reason cannot recover this ordering, but our senses remain relatively innocent, like animals and inanimate reality. Many of the fathers and Thomas Aquinas held that fallen reason must be humbled and reeducated through the senses themselves. In the absence of human rational government, the divine Logos itself descends into the human sensory order, supremely in the Eucharist. In the liturgy our senses become rightly attuned, and their immediate intuitions anticipate our seeing God and ourselves through the divine intuition itself in the beatific vision. These rightly attuned senses then reeducate our minds and allow them to become adjusted once more and to fulfill further their contemplative calling.
Aesthetics of Persuasion: Global Christianity and Pentecostalism's Sensational Forms
Authors: Meyer Birgit
Published: September 2010

One of the key features of Pentecostal/charismatic churches is their sensational appeal. Taking as a point of departure the experience of the Holy Spirit as a “portable,” embodied power source, this essay seeks to contribute to developing alternative concepts that expand our view of Pentecostalism as it emerges through a “Protestant lens.” First, I critically discuss the severance of aesthetics and Protestantism, and the concomitant dismissal of “form” in the work of Max Weber. I argue for the need to recapture an understanding of religion as aesthetics, albeit taken in the broad sense of aisthesis, advocated by Aristotle. Calling for the reappreciation of form as absolutely essential to religious experience, I then introduce the notion of the sensational form, which allows us to grasp how the Holy Spirit operates according to Pentecostal understanding and experience. Presenting the term aesthetics of persuasion, I address the question of how aesthetics is relevant to broader modalities of binding and politics of belonging—paying attention to Jacques Rancière's “distribution of the sensible.” Taking Pentecostalism as a prominent representative of global Christianity, I seek not only to enhance our understanding of its particular sensational religiosity but also to outline new directions in the broader study of Protestantism and Christianity in general.
Disciplined Seeing: Forms of Christianity and Forms of Life
Authors: Goldstone Brian , Hauerwas Stanley
Published: September 2010

Drawing inspiration from Pierre Hadot and Ludwig Wittgenstein, in whose writings have been discerned a philosophical therapeutics oriented toward the cultivation of a distinctive sensibility and manner of apprehension, this essay inquires into the kinds of Christianity we see when we say that we see Christianity. We contend that, hardly the return of the repressed that it is often made out to be, the so-called turn to Christianity currently underway within the humanities and social sciences rather belongs to a much longer history of rearticulating Christianity—and subsequently “religion”—in ways commensurate with the moral, intellectual, and political determinants of a given moment. Thus grounded in a suspicion that these latest objectifications of Christianity will likewise yield images of a religiosity made uncannily legible to the disciplinary formations occupied by those who study it, our aim here is to bring about an encounter with an arguably different sort of Christianity than philosophers and anthropologists are accustomed to dealing with: namely, that displayed by Luke in his Acts of the Apostles, the first effort at depicting authoritatively the birth and character of the early Christians. Foregrounding the political and no less than theological entailments of witness that emerge from Acts, we suggest that Luke's account insinuates not only the impossibility of abstracting Christianity from the specific shape of the lives of the people who enact it, but that describing this reality might well require a remaking of the agent of investigation.
An Anthropological Apologetics
Authors: Coleman Simon
Published: September 2010

I explore potential tensions and mutual provocations among the anthropology of religion, radical theology, and critical philosophy in order to suggest the political and potentially eventful role of the immanent in anthropology. By the end of the essay, my apologia argues for the positive influence of the immanent as opposed to the paradoxical in ethnographic method and theory, which depend on a close examination of religion as it is lived and performed. At the same time, I examine the ways in which theology and philosophy, alongside the emergent anthropological study of globalizing Christianities, can provoke us into considering ways in which to rethink what an immanent anthropology might involve. Key issues here involve acknowledging the previously repressed genealogical relationships between anthropology and Christianity, reframing what we mean by “the social,” and debating how we might develop a committed anthropology that is aware of its ability to disseminate powerful encounters with otherness within but also beyond the academy. The essay largely draws on published works, but reflections are also prompted by experiences at an academic conference as well as fieldwork within varieties of charismatic Christianity.
Number and the Imagination of Global Christianity; or, Mediation and Immediacy in the Work of Alain Badiou
Authors: Engelke Matthew
Published: September 2010

Studies on religion in philosophy and the human sciences have been focusing increasingly on the relationship between religion and media. In much of this work, a key concern has been to understand what constitutes mediation and, concomitantly, the lure of immediacy that drives some types of religiosity. In this essay, I link Alain Badiou's philosophy to this concern, examining in particular how his approach to number and appreciation for Saint Paul are fueled by a similar lure of immediacy. To illustrate this claim, I juxtapose Badiou's work to the ways in which nineteenth-century British evangelicals (who had their own, distinct reverence for Paul) used numbers and statistics to imagine what we might understand today as a “global Christianity.”
Consideration on the Metachromatic Spectra of Toluidine Blue Dimers Formed on DNA Oligomers
Authors: Sato Saori , Matsumoto Shinya , Freivalds Talivaldis , Erenpreisa Jekaterina
Published: September 2010

Metachromatic staining with toluidine blue (TB) has been used as a cytological tool for tissue recognition and cancer diagnosis. Recently, its strong potential for infertility diagnosis was also reported. Metachromatic staining is important in biological applications, but the origin of spectral changes has not been fully understood, although dye aggregation on biological materials is thought to be the cause. In this study, we investigated the dimer structure of TB formed on DNA oligomers by using a computational method, particularly focusing on the spectral changes caused by TB dimer formation. The structure of the TB–DNA complexes was constructed on the basis of the calculated molecular structure of TB and crystal data of A- and B-form DNA oligomers, assuming that there was an electrostatic interaction between them. The resulting spectral shift was then evaluated using the extended-dipole model. The examination of B-DNA revealed that possible TB dimers result in a hypsochromic spectral shift of absorption. On the other hand, the dimerization of TB on A-DNA was found to be quite difficult, because the helical geometry of A-DNA restricted the binding sites of TB. These results suggest that the metachromatic color observed during biological staining is significantly affected by the helical geometry of DNA.