bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Process and Infrastructure to Outreach Stakeholders for Capturing Healthcare System Stress in Emergency Response Situations
Authors: Read Taylor , White Elizabeth , Cobb J Perren , Mar Perry , Shanmugam Mahesh , Rocha Roberto , Collins Rossetti Sarah
Published: September 2019

Real time data provided by frontline clinicians could be used to direct immediate resources during a public health emergency and inform increased preparedness for future events.  The [group name removed for blind review], a group of expert critical care and emergency medicine physicians at various academic medical centers across the US, aims to enhance the national capability of rapid electronic data collection, along with analysis and dissemination of findings. To achieve these aims, [group name removed for blind review] created a process for real-time data capture that relies on a curated and engaged network of clinical providers from various geographical regions to respond to short online “Pulse” queries about healthcare system stress. During a period of three years, five queries were created and distributed. The first two queries were used to develop and validate the data collection infrastructure.Results are reported for the last three queries between June 2015 and March 2016. Response rates consistently ranged from 39% to 42%. Our team demonstrated that our system and processes were ready for creation and rapid dissemination of episodic queries for rapid data collection, transmittal, and analysis through a curated national network of clinician responders during a public health emergency. [group name removed for blind review] aims to further increase the response rate through additional engagement efforts within the network, to continue to grow the clinician responder database, and to optimize additional query content.
VINCENT: A visual analytics system for investigating the online vaccine debate
Authors: Ninkov Anton , Sedig Kamran
Published: September 2019

This paper reports and describes VINCENT, a visual analytics system that is designed to help public health stakeholders (i.e., users) make sense of data from websites involved in the online debate about vaccines. VINCENT allows users to explore visualizations of data from a group of 37 vaccine-focused websites. These websites differ in their position on vaccines, topics of focus about vaccines, geographic location, and sentiment towards the efficacy and morality of vaccines, specific and general ones. By integrating webometrics, natural language processing of website text, data visualization, and human-data interaction, VINCENT helps users explore complex data that would be difficult to understand, and, if at all possible, to analyze without the aid of computational tools.The objectives of this paper are to explore A) the feasibility of developing a visual analytics system that integrates webometrics, natural language processing of website text, data visualization, and human-data interaction in a seamless manner; B) how a visual analytics system can help with the investigation of the online vaccine debate; and C) what needs to be taken into consideration when developing such a system. This paper demonstrates that visual analytics systems can integrate different computational techniques; that such systems can help with the exploration of public health online debates that are distributed across a set of websites; and that care should go into the design of the different components of such systems.
Measuring and Visualizing Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Inequality: An Informatics Approach Using Geographical Information Systems
Authors: Lai Patrick T.S. , Wilson Jeffrey , Wu Huanmei , Jones Josette , Dixon Brian E.
Published: September 2019

IntroductionHealth inequality measurements are vital in understanding disease patterns to identify high-risk patients and implementing effective intervention programs in treating and managing sexually transmitted diseases. Our study seeks to measure and identify inequalities among chlamydia and gonorrhea rates using Gini coefficient measurements and spatial visualization mapping from geographical information systems. Additionally, we seek to examine trends of disease rate distribution longitudinally over a ten-year period for an urbanized county.MethodsChlamydia and gonorrhea data from January 2005 to December 2014 were collected from the Indiana Network for Patient Care, a health information exchange system that gathers patient data from electronic health records. The Gini coefficient was used to calculate the magnitude of inequality in disease rates. Spatial visualization mapping and decile categorization of disease rates were conducted to identify locations where high and low rates of disease persisted and to visualize differences in inequality. A multiple comparisons ANOVA test was conducted to determine if Gini coefficient values were statistically different between townships and time periods during the study.ResultsOur analyses show that chlamydia and gonorrhea rates are not evenly distributed. Inequalities in disease rates existed for different areas of the county with higher disease rates occurring near the center of the county. Inequality in gonorrhea rates were higher than chlamydia rates. Disease rates were statistically different when geographical locations or townships were compared to each other (p < 0.0001) but not for different years or time periods (p = 0.5152).ConclusionThe ability to use Gini coefficients combined with spatial visualization techniques presented a valuable opportunity to analyze information from health information systems in investigating health inequalities. Knowledge from this study can benefit and improve health quality, delivery of services, and intervention programs while managing healthcare costs.
O TRABALHO DOCENTE NO ENSINO SUPERIOR EM EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA SOB A ÓTICA DOS PESQUISADORES BRASILEIROS
Authors: Broch Caroline , Teixeira Fabiane Castilho , Kravchychyn Claudio , Barbosa-Rinaldi Ieda Parra
Published: September 2019

O artigo objetivou investigar o trabalho docente no ensino superior em Educação Física sob a ótica dos pesquisadores brasileiros. A pesquisa caracterizou-se como revisão sistemática da literatura e buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados Lilacs, Scielo, SportDiscus e Web of Science. A amostra foi composta por três artigos científicos. A análise descritiva e o método de análise de conteúdo subsidiaram o tratamento dos dados. As publicações destacaram preocupações com a qualificação profissional e, ainda, que interesses mercadológicos e precárias condições de trabalho são elementos que interferem no exercício profissional. Conclui-se que essa temática é incipiente e periférica na produção científica da área, requerendo maior empreendimento de seus pesquisadores.
Psychological Factors Influencing Waste Disposal Behaviour Among Residents in Yoruba Speaking Communities of South-Western, Nigeria
Authors: Monday Ilevbare Femi , Sunday Idemudia Erhabor
Published: September 2019

The present study examined the influence of locus of control, environmental attitude and environmental self-efficacy on waste disposal behaviour. The study used primary data. The study population comprised residents in Ife Central, Ibadan Northwest and Lagos Mainland Local Government
Areas (LGAs) in South-western, Nigeria. This study sample consisted of 1200 residents comprising 687 males and 513 females selected using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Their ages ranged between 15 to 76 years with a mean average age of 24.49 years (SD = 8.51). Data were collected using
the Personal Information Questionnaire (PIQ), Locus of Control Scale (LOCS), Environmental Attitude Scale (EAS), Environmental Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES, and Waste Disposal Behaviour Scale (WDBS)). The results showed that there was a significant influence of locus of control on waste disposal
behaviour (F= 6.20, p < 0.05). The results suggest that there was a significant influence of environmental attitude on waste disposal behaviour (F= 5.34, p < 0.05). They also showed a significant influence of environmental self-efficacy on waste disposal behaviour (F = 21.96, p <
0.05). The study concluded that stakeholders who have waste management as their priority should incorporate information from findings to design behavioural intervention that will improve desirable waste management practices. Implications were discussed for environmental practice and policy.
Emission Profiles of Major Gaseous Pollutants from Unmodified and Paper and Starch Modified Briquettes Made from Agro-Derived Wastes
Authors: Fabunmi Victor T. , Ana Godson R. , Adie Gilbert U.
Published: September 2019

Energy use in rural areas in Nigeria is largely dependent on firewood and other biomass sources. Biomass fuel is domestically used daily for cooking and lighting. Continuous use of this energy resource has negative impact on both the environment and human health, especially on users.
Many pulmonary problems have been associated with continuous exposure to smoke arising from burning of these materials. The use of briquetting is a more sustainable alternative to raw burning of biomass as briquettes burn with little or no smoke. However, there is scarcity of data on the emission
profiles of major gaseous pollutants arising from many biomass briquettes. This study therefore, investigated the emission profiles of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2) nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM2.5)
from the combustion of unmodified as well as starch and paper modified briquettes made from four commonly used agro-based wastes namely, wood (control), sawdust (SD), rice husk (RH), coconut shell (CS) and corncob (CC). The gaseous pollutants emitted from combusting 0.5kg of each briquette
were measured using appropriate devices. The mean concentrations (ppm) of gaseous emissions and particulates from all briquettes ranged as follows: CO: 35.4 - 79.0, CO2: 500 - 852, NO2: 0.09-0.50 and SO2: bdl - 2.13. All briquettes indicated higher PM2.5
concentrations than control (5190 μg/m3) except SD-paper modified briquettes (3305 μg/m3). CC-paper modified briquettes and RH-starch modified briquettes showed highest concentrations of 21003μg/m3 and 16362μg/m3, respectively. CS-paper
modified briquettes emitted the least concentration of PM2.5. This suggests it could be considered as the safest and most ecofriendly of the briquette types.
Applicability of Paired Extraction and Injection Wells for Detecting Contaminants Released from Landfills
Authors: Hudak Paul F.
Published: September 2019

Computer simulations tested the capability of an extraction and injection well pumping at low volumetric rates to detect contaminated groundwater in an unconfined aquifer beneath a hypothetical landfill. The wells occupied a line oriented perpendicular to groundwater flow and located
downgradient of the landfill. They pumped at equal rates, but in opposite directions (extraction or injection). Through an iterative process, a mass transport model identified the lowest pumping rates and corresponding well locations necessary to detect plumes of contaminated groundwater originating
from leaks within the footprint of the landfill. A plume was considered detected if it passed through the extraction well prior to reaching a downgradient buffer zone boundary. The most efficient well pair discharged +/- 1.7 m3/d and occupied a line located 12 m downgradient of
the landfill, or 24 percent of the distance from the landfill's downgradient corner to the buffer zone boundary. The extraction well was near the most downgradient edge of the landfill, and the injection well was outside the cross gradient corner of the landfill farthest from the extraction
well. In contrast, six collinear conventional (non-pumping) wells were necessary to detect contaminant plumes emerging from the landfill. Results of this study suggest that low-discharge extraction and injection wells may be an effective contaminant detection strategy at some waste storage
facilities.
Heaven’s Revolving Door? Cosmology, Entrance, and Approach in Hebrews
Authors: Moore Nicholas J.
Published: September 2019

The significance of “entering” and “approaching” terminology in Hebrews has been contested, with some scholars viewing these terms as clearly distinct and others arguing they are fully synonymous. This debate is often framed in eschatological terms: when rest or heaven is entered. This article instead explores these questions from a cosmological point of view. First, language of “vertical” and “horizontal” as applied to Hebrews’ cosmology is critiqued for its imprecision and lack of explanatory power with respect to the entrance and approach passages in the letter. In place of a neat vertical/horizontal distinction, it is suggested that we find a complex and plural, yet nevertheless consistent, distinction between earth and heaven. Second, four passages in Hebrews are examined at greater length in the context of OT and Second Temple period texts, in order to demonstrate that it is more coherent in cosmological terms to regard approaching and entering as separate rather than identical movements.
Ask and You Shall Intercede: The Peculiar Perlocutionary Power of Asking God Questions
Authors: Mann Steven
Published: September 2019

This article explores the ways in which the act of asking God questions in certain biblical passages directly contributes to the success of prophetic intercessory prayers. Using speech act theory, this article will investigate the function of these questions within the world of the text (the story level) and the world of the audience (the storyteller level). On the story level, the questions contribute to the (potential) overall success of the prayer by directing God’s focus away from aspects of the situation that might elicit divine wrath and toward aspects that may encourage God to be gracious. On the storyteller level, these questions might not only equip believing audiences to utilize questions in their own prayers but enable them to interact with the world in ways that model God’s grace.
Comedy of the Studio: Daguerreotype, or I Know all These Faces (1850) by Vladimir Sollogub and Peter Karatygin
Authors: Madloch Joanna
Published: September 2019

This article discusses an 1850 vaudeville titled Daguerreotype, or I Know All These Faces by two Russian writers, Vladimir Sollogub and Peter Karatygin in the context of the nineteenth-century Western satirical publications aimed at photography. The author analyzes the play in light of various theories of humor, concentrating mostly on the theories of incongruity and superiority. In this light, the article displays how the comedy performed in 1850s in Russian big cities was aimed at a specific public, which, in order to understand the jokes, must have possessed elementary knowledge and experience associated with photographic process as seen from the point of view of the client. In conclusion, the author demonstrates that unlike Western satire, the Russian play does not ridicule the photographer, but rather aims sarcasm at their clients, and in this way caricatures both the conservatism and backwardness of nineteenth-century provincial Russian society.
Templatic morphology through syntactic selection: Valency-changing extensions in Kinyarwanda
Authors: Banerjee Neil
Published: September 2019

The existence of both morphological templates (Hyman 2003) and Mirror Principle (Baker 1985) compliant behaviour in the same language presents an interesting case of grammatical principles at odds. The two principles sometimes predict opposite orderings for the surface form of valency-changing derivational morphology in Bantu languages. In Kinyarwanda, this tension is unresolved, leading to certain forms being unavailable, rather than favouring one principle over the other. Independently available periphrastic forms are used to convey the problematic meanings. This paper presents an alternative to syntactic movement or Optimality Theoretic analyses for templatic morphology that have been proposed in the literature. It argues that syntactic selection by heads can better derive the facts of Kinyarwanda. Independent syntactic properties of the heads that underlie the derivational morphology suggest a particular set of selectional properties for these heads in Kinyarwanda, independent of the data showing their ordering. An analysis based on syntactic selection is sufficient to account both for the orders of the morphemes and their syntactic properties. This result suggests, in line with recent work, that syntactic selection is an alternative mechanism by which seemingly templatic behaviour in the morphology can be realised (Pylkkänen 2008; Harley 2013; Jung 2014).
Genetics in the Danish nursing education: A questionnaire study
Authors: Nissen Kari K. , Mikkelsen Thomas R. , Christiansen Karin
Published: September 2019

Objective: It is well established that genetics plays an increasing role in healthcare. This has given rise to an ongoing discussion about the genetics competencies that healthcare personnel should possess. Nurses are key players in healthcare, and several studies have found that current genetics teaching in nursing education is insufficient. Other studies have shown that many nurses have a very limited knowledge of genetics. The objective of the present study was to gain insight into the genetics content in the Danish nursing education.Methods: We conducted a questionnaire study, involving one science lecturer from each of the 26 Danish nursing schools, asking informants about the status of genetics at their nursing school, e.g. curriculum, number of teaching lessons and exam.Results: With a response rate of 100%, we found a large variation between schools regarding the number of genetics lessons offered, ranging from two to eleven lessons. There was also a large variation with regard to curriculum. Most schools used one of two textbooks written in Danish, and classical genetics subjects such as DNA structure, protein synthesis, single gene diseases, pedigrees, and chromosome abnormalities were part of the literature curriculum in almost all schools, with variation in the level of detail. Genetics subjects of specific relevance to nursing and healthcare, such as pharmacogenetics and cancer genetics, were only part of the literature curriculum in some schools. Genetics was only a minor exam subject (if at all), and inclusion of ethical and social aspects of genetics in healthcare varied considerably.Conclusions: This study gives a unique insight into the situation regarding genetics in the Danish nursing education, and we argue that national recommendations regarding genetics teaching in nursing education are of importance in order to harness the full potential of genetics in healthcare.
The Relationship Between Financial Crisis and Energy Efficiency: A Sectoral Study in Turkey
Authors: Selcuk Isil Sirin , Durusoy Serap
Published: September 2019

Energy efficiency, which refers to services and output being produced with less energy input, has become an important issue in terms of increasing environmental performance, energy security and international competitiveness today. Sectoral energy efficiency directly affects energy consumption per output on one hand, and contributes positively to profitability through costs on the other. It results in a competitive advantage by enabling investments to be made at a lower cost compared to other sectors and shortening the break-even period of the investments. However, a decrease in cash flow due to difficult financing conditions created by the financial crisis, which emerged in the housing market in the US in 2008 and became a global crisis through the financial sector, affected the energy sector by creating a negative impact on energy demand and supply. The cancellation of projects due to lack of financing, reduction of oil supply and drilling operations of energy companies, and reductions in refined pipelines are examples of the problems experienced on the supply side. On the consumption side, equipment and device sales decreased. The effect of the financial crisis on energy efficiency will be examined in this study. Using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index Decomposition method, the causes of changes in energy intensity and energy use will be analyzed on a sectoral basis in Turkey. The aim of this study is to explain the sectoral changes caused by the financial crisis with the help of energy intensity measure based on an analysis conducted with current data.
An Empirical Study on the Relationship Between Foreign Investors and Earnings Quality
Authors: An Yohan
Published: September 2019

This study examines the impact of foreign investors on earnings quality in emerging capital market using Korean manufacturing firms’ panel data set, regarding competing for international investment and business opportunities during the period 2000 to 2012. This paper tests earnings quality using four proxies based on the International Financial Reporting Standards: 1) persistence, 2) value relevance, 3) conservatism, and 4) accruals quality. This research finds foreign investor is positively associated with only user needs earnings quality; persistence and value relevance. This result shows that the positive impact of foreign investor on earnings quality is evident but limited.
Postoperative Pressure Ulcers After Geriatric Hip Fracture Surgery Are Predicted by Defined Preoperative Comorbidities and Postoperative Complications
Authors: Galivanche Anoop R. , Kebaish Kareem J. , Adrados Murillo , Ottesen Taylor D. , Varthi Arya G. , Rubin Lee E. , Grauer Jonathan N.
Published: September 2019

Introduction:

The current study sought to determine the factors predictive of postoperative pressure ulcer development by analyzing extensive multicenter outcomes data from the 2016 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database.

Methods:

The 2016 NSQIP Participant Use File and Hip Fracture Procedure Targeted file were used to identify the risk factors for the development of postoperative pressure ulcers after hip fracture surgery in a geriatric cohort. Multivariate regressions were performed to identify preoperative comorbidities and postoperative complications that are risk factors for developing postoperative pressure ulcers.

Results:

Of 8,871 geriatric hip fracture patients included in the study cohort, 457 (5.15%) developed pressure ulcers. Multivariate regressions identified the following preoperative risk factors for developing a postoperative pressure ulcer (in order of decreasing relative risk): preoperative sepsis, elevated platelet count, insulin-dependent diabetes, and preexisting pressure ulcer. Multivariate regressions also identified the following postoperative complications as risk factors for developing a postoperative pressure ulcer: postoperative sepsis, postoperative pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and postoperative delirium.

Discussion:

The identified preoperative factors and postoperative complications should help guide quality improvement programs.
Long-term urinary functional outcome of vesicourethral anastomosis with bidirectional poliglecaprone (Monocryl®) vs. barbed polyglyconate suture (V-LocTM 180) in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Rajih Emad , Meskawi Malek , Alenizi Abdullah M. , Zorn Kevin C. , Alnazari Mansour , Borhan Walaa , Zanaty Marc , El-Hakim Assaad
Published: September 2019

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate urinary continence recovery following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) using monofilament poliglecaprone (Monocryl®) suture vs. barbed suture (V-LocTM 180) during vesicourethral anastomosis.

Methods: In this prospective, observational cohort, data were collected on 322 consecutive patients. All patients underwent continuous, bidirectional, single-layer running anastomosis with either 3.0-monofilament suture (n=141) or 3.0 barbed suture (n=181). The primary outcome was continence recovery defined as time to 0 pad at one, three, six, 12, and 24 months following surgery.

Results: Continence rates were significantly better with monofilament VUA at all followup time points up to one year. Median time to continence was one month vs. five months in the monofilament group vs. barbed group, respectively (p<0.001). Continence rates in monofilament suture vs. barbed group at one, three, six, 12, and 24 months were 56% vs. 26% (p<0.001), 73% vs. 36.4% (p<0.001), 84.4% vs. 60.2% (p<0.001), 90.8% vs. 71.9% (p<0.001), and 93.5% vs.87.1% (p=0.1), respectively. Anastomosis time was shorter in the barbed group, with a median of 23 vs. 30 utes (p<0.001). Patients anastomosed with Monocryl suture had smaller prostate weight (median 42.5 g vs. 50 g; p<0.001) and harbored less advanced disease (T2a‒c 76.6 vs. 74%; p=0.01) relative to patients treated with V-Loc 180 suture. However, in a multivariate Cox logistic regression analyses, independent predictors of continence recovery were suture type (hazard ratio [HR] 53; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.41‒0.68; p=0.02] and prostate size (HR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98‒0.99; p<0.001).

Conclusions: Barbed VUA contributed to delayed continence recovery compared to monofilament poliglecaprone suture during the first year post-RARP. However, no statistically significant difference was recorded at two years post-RARP. These results warrant special attention, especially with the widespread use of barbed suture in recent years.
Financing Enterprises to Boost Employment in Cameroon
Authors: Abega Ngono Jean Marie , Nembua Célestin Chameni , Ofeh Moses Abit
Published: September 2019

Cameroon has 93969 different enterprises (NIS, 2010) operating in varied fields aimed at fostering economic growth. The enterprises confront challenges such as infrastructural weaknesses, unfavorable business climate and poor governance (World Bank, 2013), thus leading to disappointing results in terms of economic growth. Such a situation has attracted much attention from businessmen and policy-makers alike as to what to do in order to reverse the situation for favorable job creation and economic growth. The paper aims at examining the impact of external financing to enterprises in order to offer employment in Cameroon. Econometrically analyzing a sample of 180 loan recipients and 273 non-loan recipients, using the decomposition technique of Blinder-Oaxaca (1973), results show that enterprises that received external funding were more performing and creating jobs than those that did not, especially those operating in Yaoundé and Douala. A positive gap of total number of employees existed between loan and non-loan recipients estimated at 15 employees per enterprise. Also, such loans received positively amplify the actions of productive factors in Yaoundé and Douala considering the number of establishments and businesses. Equally, there exist a difference due to observable characteristics of enterprises and their coefficients, contributing 181.1 and 140.12% respectively for loan and non-loan recipients. We therefore recommend that the state, financial institutions and enterprises should work in synergy to collectively improve on enterprise financing so as to boost employment in Cameroon that can lead to economic growth.
A Novel Technique for Fetal Heart Rate Estimation Based on Ensemble Learning
Authors: Zhang Lu , Huang Mei-Jia , Wang Hui-Jin
Published: September 2019

The autocorrelation algorithm is the most commonly used method for extracting fetal heart rate from ultrasound Doppler fetal monitors. The traditional autocorrelation algorithm can not always extract the detection cycle accurately. During the calculation process, the heartbeat cycle may not be recognized, or the cycle may be doubled or halved recognized. Combining the characteristics of envelope curve with average magnitude difference function curve, this paper designs a set of extreme point search scheme and a fetal heart cycle recognition model based on ensemble learning to assist in screening the best fetal heart cycle. The aim of this study is to improve the precision of the fetal heart rate calculation. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively screen out the best fetal heart cycle with enhanced reliability and robustness.
Information Exchange and Relations between Ahhiyawa and the Hittite Empire
Authors: Dularidze Tea
Published: September 2019

The majority of scholars identify the long-disputed term Ahhiyawa found in the Hittite texts as Achaea of the Homeric epics. According to the Hittite texts, Ahhiyawa and Hittite relations can be dated from the Middle Kingdom period. The term was first used in the records of Suppiluliuma I (1380-1346). Documents discussed (the records of Mursili II and Muwatalli II) demonstrate that Ahhiyawa was a powerful country. Its influence extended to Millawanda, which evidently reached the sea. Especially interesting is the “Tawagalawa letter” dated to the 13th century BC, in which the Hittite king makes excuses for his blunder committed at an early age. The Hittite king takes a diplomatic step towards the resolution of the conflict and starts negotiations with a party (Ahhiyawa) that could act as a mediator. We can infer from the letter that Ahhiyawa had its representatives in Millawanda, while its relations with the Land of the Hatti were managed through envoys. The powerful position of Ahhiyawa is also evident from Tudhaliya IV’s letter to the ruler of Amurru, where he refers to the kings of Egypt, Babylon, Assyria, and Ahhiyawa as to his equals. Thus, Ahhiyawa of the Hittite texts fully corresponds to Homeric Achaea. The invaders have three appellations in The Iliad: the Achaeans, the Danaans, and the Argives. The Achaeans can be found in Hittite documents, while the Danaans are mentioned in the Egyptian sources. Ahhiyawa is the land of the Achaeans, which laid the foundation for the development of the Hellenic civilization in the Aegean. It can be argued that the Greeks were actively involved in the foreign policy of the ancient Near East. The information conveyed by the Greek tradition is supported by the archeological finds confirming the rise of the Hellenes in the continental Greece from the 14th century BC. According to the tradition, the Mycenaeans went far beyond the Near East, reaching Colchis (The Argonaut legend).
The Consolidation of Hungarian Legal Practice with the Austrian Norms in 1861
Authors: Képessy Imre
Published: September 2019

A few months before the suppression of the Hungarian Revolution in August 1849, Emperor Franz Joseph issued the Constitution of Olmütz, which suspended the Hungarian constitutional order. After 1850, the Viennese Government aimed to unify the legal system in the whole empire, and as part of the process, many Austrian legal norms were imposed by royal decrees upon the Hungarian territories. This led to fundamental changes in the country’s legal system (the customary law as “law in action” took precedence up until 1848), even though it happened unconstitutionally. The worsening state of affairs and the defeat in the Austro-Sardinian War led the Emperor to promulgate a new constitution which became known as the October Diploma in 1860. Accordingly, Hungary regained its former constitutional status, but Franz Joseph ordered the newly reinstated chief justice to assemble a council that should debate over the most pressing issues regarding the administration of justice. There, the most influential lawyers proposed that the Hungarian laws shall be restored – albeit with several compromises. Most members agreed that an absolute and immediate repeal of every Austrian legal norm would certainly violate the rights of the citizens. Therefore, even though this committee did not accept the validity of these laws, the majority of its members argued that some of them must remain in effect until the Parliament will reconvene. Consequently, the Austrian legal norms as “law in books” deeply influenced the “law in action” in Hungary for the years to come.
The Death Penalty, the “Marriage Penalty” and Some Remarks on the Utility of Senecan Research in the Study of Roman Law
Authors: Kulawiak-Cyrankowska Joanna
Published: September 2019

The problem in the 5th controversia from the work of Lucius Annaeus Seneca the Elder, entitled Oratorum et rhetorum sententiae divisiones colores, is presented as follows: one man seduced two women during the same night. According to the law, which in the literature is referred to as lex raptarum, a woman who was kidnapped may choose between the death penalty for the ravisher or marrying him, but without giving him a dowry. Here, two women were granted the right of option and one of them demanded the death of the man, but the other wanted to marry him. The declaimers were trying to find an answer to the question: which solution is worthier to prevail? Since, in fact, the main problem raised in the controversia is the interpretation of law, it constituted quite a significant intellectual challenge. The declaimers employed very impressive legal reasoning techniques. This controversia constitutes then not only an interesting starting point to conduct the research on the borderline of law and declamation, but also might be a strong argument that the law and rhetoric, at least in some aspects, could have been complementary to each other.
Constitutional Norms in the Polish and Finnish Constitutions of the Interwar Period
Authors: Michalski Dawid
Published: September 2019

In the interwar period, intensified activity aimed at constitutional legislation is observed. This also concerned the Second Republic of Poland and the Republic of Finland, in which breakthrough acts were adopted. In Poland, two uniform constitutions were in force, significantly affecting the evolution of the state system in this period – the March Constitution of 1926 and the April Constitution of 1935. In Finland, one constitution was created, but of a complex nature – four legal acts were adopted in the period of 1919-1928. While in the Second Republic of Poland, in principle until the so-called May coup in 1926, the parliamentary tendencies were observed, in the Republic of Finland from the beginning, the executive power was equipped with strong competences, but within the parliamentary system. In Poland, as a result of adoption of the April Constitution, the state system was strongly turned towards authoritarianism. Both states saw their chance of maintaining independence in the pro-authoritarian tendencies, especially in the period preceding the II World War, due to the difficult geopolitical situation. In Poland, the authorities wanted to eliminate the chaos created by typical parliamentary governance. In Finland, this was not only related to the tradition of a strong executive, but more to the fear of potential revolutionary activities (like the Civil War of 1918) in the future that the head of state would be able to prevent.
The Nautical Commission in the 19th Century Antwerp
Authors: Plasschaert Stephanie
Published: September 2019

This paper discusses from the perspective of a legal historian the development of the institution of the Nautical Commission and the supervision of seaworthiness of vessels in Antwerp during the first half of the 19th century, mindful of the political and economic context. The possible influences of other actors onto the development of the Nautical Commission are taken into account, together with the needs and evolution of the maritime sector. In particular, the role of and interaction between classification societies and the Nautical Commission are analysed.
Zugang der größten Seeschiffe zum Hamburger Hafen?
Authors: Schneider Diana
Published: September 2019

Is it legally permissible for Hamburg to demand that the Federal Government widen the Elbe River? The German Reich committed itself in the years 1921/1922 vis-a-vis Hamburg to take over necessary expansion measures to ensure that the "the largest seagoing ships" are able to access the port of Hamburg. The present book proves that today, this obligation applies to the Federal Republic of Germany via a reference in § 12 (4) WaStrG which – based on the protection norm theory – corresponds to subjective public law of Hamburg. The scope of this synallagmatic relationship is the prioritisation of the port of Hamburg in the waterway expansion planning of the Federal Government. To better account for the position of Hamburg provided with procedural subjective rights, it is proposed to valorise the role of the Hanseatic city in the planning approval procedure by participating in a hydraulic engineering company to which the project ownership can be transferred.
Das Finalitätsprinzip und das Kausalitätsprinzip im Recht der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung
Authors: Buhr Laura
Published: September 2019

The paper investigates the existence of the so-called principle of finality, as well as the principle of causality concerning German law of statutory health insurance, since the existence of the first one is often singled out. First, the conceptuality at the basis for the paper is developed. The main part then analyses the selected codes, which apply to the treatment in case of disease, to point out final and causal structures that can express the existence of the appropriate principle. Since final as well as causal structures are established, the existence of both principles is one of the results of the paper. Resulting from the domination of the final structures in the analysed codes, another result is the prevalence of the principle of finality.
A co-educação no ensino do futebol nas aulas de educação física a partir da perspectiva dos alunos
Authors: Zanelato Borges Roberto
Published: September 2019

A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as relações coeducativas, principalmente as de gênero, no ensino do futebol, nas aulas de Educação Física, a partir da perspectiva dos próprios alunos. A pesquisa foi de campo, realizada com alunos dos anos finais do ensino fundamental de uma escola da Rede Estadual de Ensino, localizada na cidade de Forquilhinha/SC, sendo utilizado como instrumento de coleta de dados um questionário. Concluímos, por meio das análises das respostas dos alunos, que tanto os meninos como as meninas consideram importante a coeducação no ensino do futebol nas aulas de Educação Física.
Bullying como violência sistemática que conduz à estigmatização nas escolas de futebol
Authors: Gonçalves Guilherme de Oliveira , Deiques Everton Luís , Peres André Luis Xavier , Izidoro Júnior Carlos Alberto Rosário
Published: September 2019

Milhares de crianças trilham o caminho da prática esportiva do futebol no Brasil. O bullying é um fenômeno presente no ambiente familiar, escolar e esportivo, inclusive em escolas esportivas de futebol, e que gera muitas consequências nocivas. A metodologia utilizada foi pesquisa bibliográfica, com base em periódicos digitais. Os principais alvos de bullying nas escolinhas de futebol são os alunos com dificuldades motoras, obesidade, ou com alguma deficiência e as meninas. Conclui-se que o futebol, o professor, pais e outras pessoas participantes do processo formativo devem estar atentos para evitar a ocorrência do fenômeno bullying, buscando através da educação e do esporte contribuir com o desenvolvimento de valores, como respeito, confiança, autoestima, cooperação, valorizando o trabalho em grupo, a prática saudável e a amizade.
Como identificar a lógica interna das práticas motrizes de interação? Uma proposta de ferramenta de análise a partir da Praxiologia Motriz
Authors: Fagundes Felipe Menezes , Follmann Natiele , Wenzel Vanessa Ines
Published: September 2019

Este estudo, que se caracteriza como uma pesquisa teórica e de cunho exploratório, tem o objetivo de propor uma ferramenta de análise dos principais elementos da lógica interna das práticas motrizes, a partir da Praxiologia Motriz. Elaborada a fim de subsidiar a prática pedagógica de professores de Educação Física, a ferramenta de análise foi estruturada em duas etapas: a primeira destinada à análise propriamente dita da lógica interna das práticas motrizes de interação; e a segunda dedicada à apresentação de um guia didático para o desenvolvimento de determinada prática a partir das características evidenciadas na análise.
Delineamento do perfil conceitual de avaliação de mestrandos em ensino
Authors: Luccas Simone , Bernardelli Marlize Spagolla , Coelho Neto Joao , Lucas Lucken Bueno
Published: September 2019

O conceito de avaliação é um tema relevante, polêmico e, ao mesmo tempo, controverso. Esse tema tem sido discutido no âmbito acadêmico, contudo, não se observa a presença dessas reflexões na prática educacional da sala de aula, sobretudo na educação básica. A discussão levanta a necessidade de uma mudança de concepção de avaliação, tendo em vista que as práticas avaliativas têm assumido uma postura classificatória e de seleção, aplicada num momento final da ação didático-pedagógica. Nesse contexto, procurou-se identificar o perfil conceitual da concepção de avaliação que profissionais em capacitação stricto sensu, em nível de Mestrado, apresentam. Após análise dos dados oriundos de uma avaliação diagnóstica realizada pela turma de 2016, identificou-se quatro zonas: realista, relacional, reflexiva e axiológica, sendo que a realista foi a dominante entre todas.Palavras-chave: avaliação; perfil conceitual; práticas avaliativas.
The Structure of Academic Self-Concept When Facing Novel Learning Content: Multidimensionality, Hierarchy, and Change
Authors: Gorges Julia , Hollmann Jelena
Published: September 2019

Academic self-concepts of ability are key factors in promoting education and learning throughout students’ school career. Yet we know little about their structure and structural change when students leave high school to face novel academic tasks. The present study investigated the structure and structural change of first-year students’ study-related self-concepts of ability. Data stems from a longitudinal study with two measurement points covering the initial study phase (t1: N = 341; age: M = 21.6; SD = 3.56; 57.5% female). Self-concepts were assessed regarding the participants’ study program and four of its subordinate subjects. Confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation models were used to compare structural models and to investigate structural stability and directional effects. Results support the assumption of multidimensionality (i.e., distinct self-concepts for different subjects) and hierarchy with a generic field-of-study-specific self-concept at the apex. Specifying generic field-of-study-specific self-concept as a method factor (i.e., indicated by both subject-specific and field-of-study-specific items) was most consistent with theoretical assumptions. The structural model was invariant over the first months at university. Generic field-of-study-specific self-concept and subject-specific self-concepts largely developed independently from one another. The results emphasize the recently suggested conceptualization of generic self-concept as a method factor to reflect self-concept hierarchy. Self-concepts were structurally stable over time. Several significant horizontal effects (i.e., stability within subjects) suggest that students align their self-concepts closely to the curriculum they encounter in educational contexts and, therefore, may benefit from ample feedback on their performance to develop appropriate subject-specific self-concepts.
How to get rid of the belief bias: Boosting analytical thinking via pragmatics
Authors: Macchi Laura , Poli Francesco , Caravona Laura , Vezzoli Michela , Franchella Miriam A. G. , Bagassi Maria
Published: September 2019

The previous research attempts to reduce the influence of the belief bias on deductive thinking have often been unsuccessful and, when they succeeded, they failed to replicate. In this paper, we propose a new way to see an old problem. Instead of considering the analytical abilities of the respondent, we focus on the communicative characteristics of the experimental task. By changing the pragmatics into play through a subtle manipulation of the instruction of the syllogism problem, we obtained a strong improvement in the accuracy of the performance in both untrained and trained in logic respondents. We suggest that current models of deductive thinking should be broadened to consider also communicative understanding as part of the processing of the problem.
Présentation
Authors: Van de Velde Cécile
Published: September 2019

Cet article retrace les étapes qui marquent la construction de l’objet « solitude » en sociologie. Il montre comment la solitude a d’abord été appréhendée comme une conséquence néfaste de la modernité et assimilée à un défaut d’intégration sociale, puis saisie par le prisme de deux figures fondatrices, le « mourant » et la « femme seule ». Il revient ensuite sur les paradigmes successifs qui ont marqué la construction de ce champ à partir des années 1990 — « vivre seul », « être seul », « se sentir seul » — et explore quelques-uns de ses fronts de recherche contemporains, tels que les solitudes juvéniles, le rôle des réseaux sociaux, et les différenciations de genre. Il invite enfin à une désegmentation de ce champ, et met en dialogue plusieurs formes de solitudes — intimes, familiales, sociales —, pour réinscrire cette expérience dans la dynamique de nos liens tout au long de la vie.
Le congé parental : une traversée en solitaire ?
Authors: Chatot Myriam
Published: September 2019

Cet article explore les fondements du sentiment de solitude exprimé par la majorité des parents en congé parental. L’analyse des discours des parents, recueillis dans le cadre d’entretiens semi-directifs, met en évidence l’intériorisation d’un modèle de « disponibilité permanente » à l’enfant pendant le congé, qui induit l’isolement et le sentiment de solitude du parent en congé. Ce modèle limite la possibilité de ce dernier de prendre du temps pour lui ou de maintenir ses relations sociales à l’extérieur du foyer. Intériorisée par les mères davantage que par les pères, l’exigence de se dévouer aux enfants et au foyer conduit à ce que le rôle statutaire de parent en congé prenne le pas sur l’identité personnelle de l’individu, renforçant le sentiment de solitude. La reprise de l’activité professionnelle est alors attendue comme un moyen de ne plus être qu’un parent.
Rendre les solitudes supportables
Authors: Bordiec Sylvain
Published: September 2019

À partir d’une investigation menée dans un groupe d’entraide mutuelle (GEM) — institution destinée à faire pièce aux isolements des « malades psychiques » —, cet article étudie les relations entre d’un côté les « pratiquants » de solitude, pour qui cette pratique fait problème et les incline à lutter contre elle et, de l’autre côté, l’« espace des luttes publiques et parapubliques contre l’isolement ». L’étude de cette relation se veut éclairante sur les forces intégratrices et socialisatrices des institutions de cet espace. Pour ce faire, l’investigation examine d’abord les ressorts biographiques des isolements de ces « isolés » et ce que la vie a fait d’eux avant leur entrée au GEM. Ensuite, l’observation et l’écoute de ces « isolés » montrent comment peuvent interagir luttes individuelles et luttes collectives contre les solitudes. À défaut de (re)socialiser les individus de telle sorte que leurs pratiques du monde social cessent définitivement de les conduire vers des solitudes honnies, ces interactions offrent aux « isolés » des formes d’intégration sociale leur étant ailleurs inaccessibles. Révélatrices des pouvoirs inégaux des institutions à former et à transformer les individus, ces luttes sont moins les génératrices de dispositions nouvelles autorisant une « vie normale » que les garantes du maintien en éveil d’une disposition de vie, fût-ce cette existence en décalage avec les normes dominantes.