bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A herringbone soft pneu-net actuator for enhanced conformal gripping
Authors: Zhang Xinjie , Oseyemi Ayobami Elisha
Published: September 2021

Advances in material science in recent years have had such a tremendous impact on the field of soft robotics that has fostered the development of many bio-inspired devices. One such device, which has been subject to extensive study in recent times, is soft pneumatic-network (pneu-net) actuators (SPAs). In this study, we present a new SPA structure whose chamber configuration mimics the fish bone (herringbone) structure to facilitate simultaneous bending deformations in both longitudinal and transverse directions. Such as cannot be obtained from the regular pneu-net structure – which bends only lengthwise, the coupled bending curvatures allow for gripping with maximized contact area, a property which facilitates firmness, security, and stability in gripping. Using the corresponding chamber inclination angle of the configuration as key parameter, the combined transverse and longitudinal deformation feature is studied through finite element simulation as well as experiments. Also, the functional behavior of the actuator/gripper prototypes is experimentally investigated using a series of approaches including blocked (or tip) force test, grip strength test, and stability (or sustained grasping force) test. Furthermore, the viability of the said conformal gripping characteristic is demonstrated by subjecting the structure to a couple of gripping tests. This utility-enhancing design approach could really guide into the development of more sophisticated application-custom soft robotic capabilities.
Revisiting screw theory-based approaches in the constraint wrench analysis of robotic systems
Authors: Sharafian M Ehsan , Taghvaeipour Afshin , Ghassabzadeh S Maryam
Published: September 2021

This paper aims at shedding lights on two approaches that were recently proposed for the constraint wrench analysis of robotic manipulators. Both approaches benefit from the Newton–Euler equations, screw notations, and constraint transformation matrices (CTM) to cope with the inverse dynamic problem of multibody systems. In the first approach, which is called the joint-based method, the constraint transformation matrices are derived directly from the kinematic constraints which are imposed on the rigid links by kinematic pairs. In the second approach, which is referred to as the link-based method; however, the constraint matrices are obtained based on the wrench transfer formula of each rigid link. In this study, by resorting to the definition of reciprocal screws, the former methodology is further enhanced to a new version as well. Moreover, based on the proposed modified joint-based CTM, constraint forces and moments distribution indices are introduced. The three constraint wrench analysis methodologies, two joint-based and one link-based, result in different CTMs and set of equations as well, which will be discussed in detail. In the end, on two case studies, a spherical four-bar linkage and a Delta parallel robot, the pros and cons of all three constraint wrench analysis methodologies are discussed, and the proposed indices will be examined. The numerical results reveal that, although all three methods identically compute the magnitude of the applied and constraint force and moment vectors, the joint-based approaches do not report the constraint components with respect to a specific coordinate frame. Moreover, it is shown that the proposed indices can approximately predict the constraint forces and moments distribution at joints, which can be used as force transmission indicators in multibody systems.
Sub-district level correlation between tuberculosis notifications and socio-demographic factors in Dhaka City corporation, Bangladesh
Authors: Jo Youngji , Baik Yeonsoo , Shrestha Sourya , Pennington Jeffrey , Gomes Isabella , Reja Mehdi , Islam Shamiul , Roy Tapash , Hussain Hamidah , Dowdy David
Published: September 2021

We developed a novel method to align two data sources (TB notifications and the Demographic Health Survey, DHS) captured at different geographic scales. We used this method to identify sociodemographic indicators – specifically population density – that were ecologically correlated with elevated TB notification rates across wards (~100 000 people) in Dhaka, Bangladesh. We found population density was the variable most closely correlated with ward-level TB notification rates (Spearman's rank correlation 0.45). Our approach can be useful, as publicly available data (e.g. DHS data) could help identify factors that are ecologically associated with disease burden when more granular data (e.g. ward-level TB notifications) are not available. Use of this approach might help in designing spatially targeted interventions for TB and other diseases in settings of weak existing data on disease burden at the subdistrict level.
Isolated ventricular inversion with hypoplastic right ventricle and pulmonary stenosis in an adolescent with situs solitus: a rare combination
Authors: Mishra Anand K. , Naganur Sanjeev H. , Patel Ruchit , Bansal Vidur , Rana Pratyaksha
Published: September 2021

Isolated ventricular inversion with situs solitus is a severe and rare congenital cardiac malformation characterised by an atrioventricular discordance but with ventriculo-arterial concordance. Here, we present the rare case of an adolescent with isolated ventricular inversion and hypoplasia of the left-sided morphological right ventricle and pulmonary stenosis, a first of its kind to be reported in the literature.
Lost but not missing: factors associated with loss of follow-up in a paediatric cardiology clinic
Authors: Gregorcyk Lisa J. , Kelleman Michael , Oster Matthew E.
Published: September 2021

Background:

Loss of follow-up is a barrier to providing adequate care to paediatric cardiac patients. The purpose of this study was to determine variables associated with loss of appropriate paediatric cardiology follow-up, including potentially modifiable factors. We hypothesised having earlier recommend follow-up intervals was associated with less likelihood of loss of follow-up.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients >5 years old seen in a large, outpatient paediatric practice from 2013 to 2016. Subjects were considered to be lost to follow-up if they did not have a subsequent outpatient encounter by 6 months after their recommend follow-up time interval.

Results:

Of the 8940 eligible patients, 45.9% were lost to follow-up. Recommended follow-up interval of 1 year was associated with less loss of follow-up (41.4%) as compared to 2-year intervals (51.6%) and 3 years (55.7%) (p < 0.001 for both). Other significant predictors of loss of follow-up included less severe heart disease, older age, and non-Hispanic Black race/ethnicity. Sex and payor type were not significant predictors. In the stratified analyses by severity of disease and age, longer recommended follow-up time was associated with greater loss of follow-up among all severity and age categories.

Conclusions:

Almost half of the patients in our cohort did not return to clinic within the recommended timeline. Shorter follow-up time was associated with less loss of follow-up among all categories of disease severity and age groups. Recommending shorter follow-up intervals may be one initiative for paediatric cardiologists to improve rates of follow-up.
Impact of gastrointestinal comorbidities in patients with right and left atrial isomerism
Authors: Fotaki Anastasia , Doughty Victoria L. , Banya Winston , Giuliani Stefano , Bradley Sarah , Carvalho Julene S.
Published: September 2021

Background and aim:

Heterotaxy syndrome, being right atrial isomerism (RAI) or left atrial isomerism (LAI), often presents with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD). Intestinal abnormalities, including malrotation are common. We assessed the spectrum of gut abnormalities and their impact on medium-term outcome in a cohort of patients with fetal and postnatal diagnoses of heterotaxy syndrome.

Methods:

We reviewed the cardiology records of heterotaxy syndrome patients from two centres, regarding the presence of CHD, time for cardiac intervention, presence of gastrointestinal abnormalities, and type/time of surgery. A questionnaire about gastrointestinal status was sent to patients <18 years old. Kaplan–Meier curves were derived for survival data and freedom from intervention.

Results:

Data were included for 182 patients (49 RAI and 133 LAI) of 247 identified. Questionnaires were sent to 77 families and 47 replied. CHD was present in all RAI and 61.7% of LAI cases. Thirty-eight patients had abdominal surgery (20.9%), similar for RAI and LAI (20.4% versus 21%, p> 0.99): Ladd procedure in 17 (44.7%), non-Ladd in 12 (31.5%), and both procedures in 9 (23.7%). Ten-year freedom from Ladd procedure for all was 86% for the whole cohort (RAI = 87%; LAI = 85%, p = 0.98). Freedom from any gastrointestinal surgery at 10 years was 79% for the whole cohort (RAI = 77%; LAI = 80%, p = 0.54). Ten-year freedom from cardiac surgery was 31% for the whole cohort (RAI = 6%; LAI = 43%, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions:

In our cohort, one in five patients required abdominal surgery, mostly in their first year of life, similar for RAI and LAI. Between 1 and 10 years of follow-up, the impact of gastrointestinal abnormalities on outcome was minimal. Medium term survival was related to CHD.
Health Trends among 9/11 Responders from 2011–2021: A Review of World Trade Center Health Program Statistics
Authors: Smith Erin , Holmes Lisa , Larkin Brigid
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

In a single day, the September 11, 2001 US terrorist attacks (9/11) killed nearly 3,000 people, including 412 first responders. More than 91,000 responders were exposed to a range of hazards during the recovery and clean-up operation that followed. Various health programs track the on-going health effects of 9/11, including the World Trade Center (WTC) Health Program (WTCHP). The objective of this research was to review WTCHP statistics reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to analyze health trends among enrolled responders as the 20-year anniversary of the terrorist attacks approaches.

Methods:

The WTCHP statistics reported by the CDC were analyzed to identify health trends among enrolled responders from 2011 through 2021. Statistics for non-responders were excluded.

Results:

A total of 80,745 responders were enrolled in the WTCHP as of March 2021: 62,773 were classified as general responders; 17,023 were Fire Department of New York (FDNY) responders; and 989 were Pentagon and Shanksville responders. Of the total responders in the program, 3,439 are now deceased. Just under 40% of responders with certified health issues were aged 45-64 and 83% were male. The top three certified conditions among enrolled responders were: aerodigestive disorders; cancer; and mental ill health. The top ten certified cancers have remained the same over the last five years, however, leukemia has now overtaken colon and bladder cancer as the 20-year anniversary approaches. Compared to the general population, 9/11 first responders had a higher rate of all cancers combined, as well as higher rates of prostate cancer, thyroid cancer, and leukemia.

Discussion:

Trends in these program statistics should be viewed with some caution. While certain illnesses have been linked with exposure to the WTC site, differences in age, sex, ethnicity, smoking status, and other factors between exposed and unexposed groups should also be considered. Increased rates of some illnesses among this cohort may be associated with heightened surveillance rather than an actual increase in disease. Still, cancer in general, as well as lung disease, heart disease, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), seem to be increasing among 9/11 responders, even now close to 20 years later.

Conclusion:

Responders should continue to avail themselves of the health care and monitoring offered through programs like the WTCHP.
PT EMT – Portuguese Emergency Medical Team Type 1 Relief Mission in Mozambique
Authors: Ladeira Luis M. , Cardoso Ivo , Ribeiro Hélder , Lourenço João , Ramos Raquel , Barros Filipa , Rato Fátima
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

The tropical cyclone Idai hit Mozambique in the city of Beira on March 15, 2019. During the following days, the Portuguese Emergency Medical Team (PT EMT) and its infrastructure deployed to Mozambique with the mission of helping local people and collaborating with the authorities.

Methods:

Data analyzed were collected in the period of the deployment, from April 1-April 30, 2019. All patients admitted to PT EMT were registered through the Clinical Record of PT EMT.

Results:

In total, 1,662 patients were admitted to PT EMT during the 30-day mission. The five most prevalent diagnoses were: 61.49% classified with “code 29” (which corresponds to “other unspecified diagnoses”), 9.15% of cases of skin disease, 8.90% of minor injuries, 6.74% of acute respiratory infection, and 3.19% of obstetric/genecology complications.

Discussion and Challenges:

An important challenge identified was the need for a robust and effective network for transporting patients, allowing transfers between EMTs, enabling a true network response in the provision of care to disaster victims.

Conclusions:

The benefit of the deployment of PT EMT in Mozambique after Cyclone Idai was in line with the EMT initiative standards, allowing a direct delivery of care to the affected Mozambican population and support to the local health authorities.
Children’s Power of Food Scale: Turkish validity and reliability study
Authors: Şahin-Bodur Gülsüm , Keser Alev , Akçil-Ok Mehtap , Ünsal Emine Nüket , Akın Onur
Published: September 2021

Objective:

The aim of the present study was to validate the Turkish version of the Children’s Power of Food Scale (C-PFS-T) after translation of the original version.

Design:

The data were collected via face-to-face interviews using the C-PFS-T and a socio-demographic information form. BMI was calculated by dividing body weight by the square of the height. After the adaptation of the scale to Turkish language, validity and reliability analysis were conducted for the C-PFS-T.

Setting:

Gülhane Training and Research Hospital Department of Child Health and Diseases Nutrition and Diet Unit in Ankara.

Participants:

This research was conducted with volunteer children and adolescents between the ages of 9 and 16 years (n 268).

Results:

It was concluded that the 15-item C-PFS-T was collected under three factors as in the original version of the child version. Cronbach’s α coefficient was found to be 0·878 for the scale. The confirmatory factor analysis results showed the acceptability and applicability of adapting the version of the C-PFS-T in terms of χ2/df (= 3·816), adjusted goodness-of-fit index (AGFI = 0·931), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA = 0·082) and goodness-of-fit index (GFI = 0·852) fit indices. C-PFS-T total score’s median value of obese group wasn’t substantially different from normal weight group.Conclusions:

It was concluded that the Turkish version of the C-PFS, which provides an assessment of the hedonic hunger status of children and adolescents with fifteen items and threesubdimensions, has sufficient reliability and validity to be applied to these subjects.
Improved Protocol for the Quantification of Actinides (Th, U, Np, Pu, Am, and Cm) Using Electron Probe Microanalysis
Authors: Ritter Xenia , Pöml Philipp , Ohta Hirokazu , Brémier Stéphane , Himbert Jérôme , Hasnaoui Rachid , Berndt Jasper
Published: September 2021

Measurements of highly radioactive actinides such as Np, Pu, Am, or Cm in as-fabricated or irradiated nuclear fuels are crucial to improve the safety and performance of the nuclear fuel cycle, but also necessary to find solutions to the environmental impact of long-lived actinides in nuclear waste. Currently, the most common technique of measuring the quantity and distribution of actinides in nuclear fuel is electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). However, the accurate analysis of actinides by EPMA is accompanied by numerous obstacles such as interferences in the M-line X-ray region, absorption edges, and the lack of reference materials. Therefore, the measurement protocol of radioactive and irradiated samples requires further investigation and most importantly facilitation. Here, we establish a guideline for precise quantification of actinide elements (Th, U, Np, Pu, Am, and Cm) in fabricated or spent nuclear fuels. For this purpose, we have characterized actinide-bearing reference samples to visualize spectral interferences, list peak, and background positions and employ the standardless calibration curve method for the measurements of Am and Cm. This newly derived analytical protocol was successfully tested on an irradiated fuel sample and can be now implemented as an improved guideline for the quantification of actinides.
GEOMETRIC LOCAL -FACTORS IN HIGHER DIMENSIONS
Authors: Guignard Quentin
Published: September 2021

We prove a product formula for the determinant of the cohomology of an étale sheaf with
$\ell $
-adic coefficients over an arbitrary proper scheme over a perfect field of positive characteristic p distinct from
$\ell $
. The local contributions are constructed by iterating vanishing cycle functors as well as certain exact additive functors that can be considered as linearised versions of Artin conductors and local
$\varepsilon $
-factors. We provide several applications of our higher dimensional product formula, such as twist formulas for global
$\varepsilon $
-factors.
Investigation of the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—Cognitive Function in cancer patients
Authors: Atasavun Uysal Songül , Yildiz Kabak Vesile , Karakas Yusuf , Karabulut Erdem , Erdan Kocamaz Deniz , Keser İlke , Özdemir Kadirhan , Düger Tülin
Published: September 2021

Objective

The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—Cognitive Function (FACT-Cog) is a questionnaire that is used to evaluate the quality of life and cognitive functions according to individual self-reports. The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the FACT-Cog.

Methods

Cancer patients who were treated with chemo or radiotherapy and had a score of 24/30 and more in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were included in this study. Cognitive functions assessed with the FACT-Cog and the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire Core 30: Cognitive Function subscale (EORTC QLQ-CF).

Results

One hundred and forty cancer patients [female = 87 (62.1%), male = 53 (37.9%)] were included. The mean age of the participants was 47.93 ± 11.90 years. The Cronbach's α of the FACT-Cog scale was 0.82. Test–retest intraclass correlation coefficient values of the FACT-Cog questionnaire were varied from 0.855 to 0.954. There were found low correlations between the total score of the FACT-Cog and the MMSE (r = 0.26, p = 0.002), and moderate correlations between the EORTC QLQ-CF subscale and the FACT-Cog (r = −0.43; p < 0.001).

Significance of results

It showed the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the FACT-Cog questionnaire for cancer patients. It may be beneficial to use this questionnaire for the effects of cancer treatment.
The Japanese conservative camp's bridging method for China–Japan relations under the separation of politics and the economic policy: investigation of the case of the Kenzo Matsumura Group, 1959–1972
Authors: Xin Zhai
Published: September 2021

From the signing of the Treaty of San Francisco to the resumption of diplomatic relations between China and Japan, Japan has always adopted a political and economic separation policy that maintains diplomacy with Taiwan and economic and cultural relations with China. Within the ruling Liberal Democratic Party, to break the existing deadlock, Kenzo Matsumura of the Japanese House of Representatives and others formed a foreign policy group in 1959. This group spoke highly of China's importance to Japan's development on the grounds of national interests rather than ideology and national sentiments, played a bridging role in the political communication between China and Japan, and created a precedent for the nontraditional improvement of international relations in Japan.
Beyond the state of play: Establishing a duty of non-State armed groups to provide reparations
Authors: Herman Olivia
Published: September 2021

This article examines whether and how non-State armed groups, as distinct entities, might be required to provide reparations for their violations of international humanitarian law. It shows that the possibility of holding armed groups to reparations is marked by uncertainty in international law. This complex question calls for clarification. In building on these observations, the article explores how the duty to provide reparations by armed groups could be operationalized as a matter of lex ferenda. This exercise involves examining how such a duty could be conceptualized and put into practice. From this discussion, a multi-faceted proposal emerges, which draws upon existing approaches in international law and responds to the particular challenges presented by armed groups. The article ends by considering the implications of the proposal.
Foreign fighters and the tension between counterterrorism and international humanitarian law: A case for cumulative prosecution where possible
Authors: Cuyckens Hanne
Published: September 2021

Contemporary foreign fighters (FFs) often join so-called dual-nature groups, i.e. groups that can at the same time be qualified as a non-State armed group involved in a non-international armed conflict and a terrorist organization. Both international humanitarian law and counterterrorism (CT) legislation may hence be of relevance when assessing the legality of FF conduct. The CT perspective tends to remain predominant, however. This paper argues that, especially in terms of prosecution, due regard must be paid to both legal frameworks where possible. It also argues that national prosecution in the country of origin seems to offer the best prospects for realizing such cumulative prosecution.
Determinants of Proactive Work Behavior of Employees During the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Abbas Khan Naseer
Published: September 2021

Abstract. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, organizations have been forced to use social media and digital applications to carry out routine tasks. This posed several complications and challenges that hindered harmonic interaction between managers and their subordinates. This study investigates the indirect association between toxic leadership and proactive work behavior via psychological safety (PYS). We also investigate the role of perceived insider status (PIS) as a moderator in the association between toxic leadership and PYS as well as the indirect connection between toxic leadership and proactive work behavior. The work is based on the timelag results of 282 supervisor-employee dyads from different small and mid-sized information technology (IT) firms. The results show that toxic leadership has a significant impact on employee PSY and proactive work behavior as well as revealing that PIS substantially mitigated the negative effects of toxic leadership on employee PYS. Similarly, PIS influences the mediating role of PYS in the association between toxic leadership and proactive work behavior of employees. This research is helpful for academics and practitioners involved in human-resource practices in the IT industry.
When Deep Learning Meets Geophysics
Authors: Ma Jianwei , Yu Siwei
Published: September 2021

Traditional physical models are no longer the only foundational tools for processing geophysical data; "big data" help to reveal the laws of geophysics from new angles with exciting results so far.
Does the Priming Effect Happen Underwater? It’s Complicated
Authors: Rehnberg Morgan
Published: September 2021

A new meta-analysis finds evidence that adding fresh organic material can increase decomposition rates, but when and why that happens remain unclear.
Solar and Geomagnetic Activity Impact on Occurrence and Spatial Size of Cold and Hot Polar Cap Patches
Authors: Zhang Duan , Zhang Qing‐He , Ma Y.‐Z. , Oksavik Kjellmar , Lyons L. R. , Zhang Y.‐L. , Nanan Balan , Xing Z.‐Y. , Liu Jing , Hairston Marc , Wang X.‐Y.
Published: September 2021

This paper is a statistical survey of polar cap patches in relation to solar and geomagnetic activity. Ten thousand six hundred eighty‐eight patches have been identified from in situ plasma observations of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F16 satellite for 14 years (2005–2018). These patches are divided into two groups: (a) cold patches, which consist of dense but cold plasma; and (b) hot patches, which consist of dense but hot plasma. The statistical results indicate that (a) the occurrence of cold patches is clearly dependent on solar and geomagnetic activity, but hot patches don not show such dependence; (b) both cold and hot patches preferably appear in the winter season; (c) the spatial size of both cold and hot patches decreases (increases) with solar (geomagnetic) activity; (d) the spatial size of cold patches appears larger than that of hot patches under similar solar and geomagnetic activity.
Resolving Long‐Term Variations in North Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity Using a Pseudo Proxy Paleotempestology Network Approach
Authors: Wallace Elizabeth J. , Dee Sylvia G. , Emanuel Kerry A.
Published: September 2021

Paleohurricane reconstructions extend the observational record of tropical cyclones (TCs) back thousands of years. However, these records are subject to biases–capturing only close‐moving intense storms at varying resolutions. We devise two pseudo proxy networks drawing from the full suite of published paleohurricane studies in the North Atlantic. We run synthetic storms forced with two global climate model simulations of the past millennium through each pseudo network to assess the theoretical skill of paleohurricane proxies at capturing low‐frequency variability in North Atlantic basin‐wide and intrabasin TCs. We find that basin‐wide and paleohurricane compiled TC counts are significantly correlated with one another for the past millennium on annual to multi‐decadal timescales, but compilation skill is limited by proxy temporal resolution. Current paleohurricane proxy networks predominantly capture storms moving in the Caribbean/Gulf of Mexico. Increasing the quantity of paleohurricane records from the North American coastline substantially improves reconstruction skill.
Isolated Proton Aurora Driven by EMIC Pc1 Wave: PWING, Swarm, and NOAA POES Multi‐Instrument Observations
Authors: Kim Hyangpyo , Shiokawa Kazuo , Park Jaeheung , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Miyashita Yukinaga , Stolle Claudia , Connor Hyunju Kim , Hwang Junga , Buchert Stephan , Kwon Hyuck‐Jin , Nakamura Satoko , Nakamura Kohki , Oyama Shin‐Ichiro , Otsuka Yuichi , Nagatsuma Tsutomu , Sakaguchi Kaori
Published: September 2021

We report the concurrent observations of F‐region plasma changes and field‐aligned currents (FACs) above isolated proton auroras (IPAs) associated with electromagnetic ion cyclotron Pc1 waves. Key events on March 19, 2020 and September 12, 2018 show that ground magnetometers and all‐sky imagers detected concurrent Pc1 wave and IPA, during which NOAA POES observed precipitating energetic protons. In the ionospheric F‐layer above the IPA zone, the Swarm satellites observed transverse Pc1 waves, which span wider latitudes than IPA. Around IPA, Swarm also detected the bipolar FAC and localized plasma density enhancement, which is occasionally surrounded by wide/shallow depletion. This indicates that wave‐induced proton precipitation contributes to the energy transfer from the magnetosphere to the ionosphere.
Nighttime Ionosphere Perturbed by the Annular Solar Eclipse on June 21, 2020
Authors: Sun Yang‐Yi , Chen Chieh‐Hung , Qing Haiyin , Xu Rui , Su Xiaoning , Jiang Chunhua , Yu Tao , Wang Jin , Xu Huiru , Lin Kai
Published: September 2021

This study analyzed the total electron content (TEC) observed by 337 ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers over China and South Asia, the critical frequency of the ionospheric F2 layer (foF2) and its height (hmF2) recorded by the ionosonde at Puer (22.7°N, 101.05°E, 72% obscuration), Yunnan province, during and after the annular solar eclipse on June 21, 2020. The observations show that the eclipse induced not only a daytime major depression but also nighttime perturbations in the ionosphere. The TEC perturbed intermittently from noon to midnight between 85° and 125°E on the eclipse day. The positive and negative changes of the prereversal enhancement respectively occur in the nearby longitudinal sectors of 100°and 115°E. The TEC perturbations behave as a terminator wave that propagates in a northwestward direction after sunset.
Inter‐Calibrated Measurements of Intense Whistlers by Arase and Van Allen Probes
Authors: Santolík O. , Miyoshi Y. , Kolmašová I. , Matsuda S. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Hartley D. P. , Kasahara Y. , Kojima H. , Matsuoka A. , Shinohara I. , Kurth W. S. , Kletzing C. A.
Published: September 2021

Measurements of electromagnetic waves in space plasmas are an important tool for our understanding of physical processes in this environment. Inter‐calibration of data from different spacecraft missions is necessary for combining their measurements in empirical models or case studies. We show results collected during a close conjunction of the Van Allen Probes and Arase spacecraft. The inter‐calibration is based on a fortuitous case of common observations of strong whistlers at frequencies between a few hundred hertz and 10 kHz, which are generated by the same lightning strokes and which propagate along very similar paths to the two spacecraft. Measured amplitudes of the magnetic field fluctuations are the same within ∼14% precision of our analysis, corresponding to 1.2 dB. Currently, archived electric field measurements show twice larger amplitudes on Arase compared to Van Allen Probes but they start to match within ∼33% precision (2.5 dB) once the newest results on the interface of the antennas to the surrounding plasma are included in the calibration procedures. Ray tracing simulations help us to build a consistent scenario of wave propagation to both spacecraft reflected by a successful inter‐calibration of the polarization and propagation parameters obtained from multicomponent measurements. We succeed in linking the spacecraft observations to localizations of lightning return strokes by two different ground‐based networks which independently verify the correctness of the Universal Time tags of waveform measurements by both spacecraft missions, with an uncertainty better than 10 ms.
Weakening Mechanisms in a Basalt‐Hosted Subduction Megathrust Fault Segment, Southern Alaska
Authors: Braden Zoe , Behr Whitney M.
Published: September 2021

Basaltic and gabbroic rocks that define the seafloor have been suggested to act as sources of rheological heterogeneity during subduction, with the capacity to enhance or dampen seismicity. Despite this, relatively little is known from the rock record regarding the progression and conditions of mafic oceanic crust deformation during subduction, particularly in the shallow megathrust region of the seismogenic zone. We describe subduction‐related deformation structures and characterize deformation conditions from an exhumed, basalt‐hosted megathrust in the Chugach accretionary complex of south‐central Alaska. Rocks in the Chugach preserve a record of seafloor mineralogical changes from pre‐subduction, hydrothermal circulation that produced sheet silicates with a lower frictional strength than intact basalt. Pre‐subduction alteration also served to introduce hydrous phases that can expel water during deformation and raise the pore fluid pressure. Once strain localized within basalts onto a megathrust fault plane at lithostatic pore fluid pressures, the basalt weakened further through a combination of cataclasis, dilatational shear fracturing, and slip on chlorite‐rich shear bands. This process occurred in a narrower fault zone, and at higher maximum differential stress and greater pore fluid pressure fluctuations than recorded in some sediment‐hosted megathrusts at similar pressure and temperature conditions. Our data indicate that when the lower plate contains basalt bathymetric features, basalt dismembers during subduction into a chlorite‐rich fault gouge that surrounds lenses or slices of intact, less‐altered basalt.
A Hemispheric and Seasonal Comparison of Tropospheric to Mesospheric Gravity‐Wave Propagation
Authors: Alexandre D. , Thurairajah B. , England S. L. , Cullens C. Y.
Published: September 2021

Deep convection from monsoons has been shown to be a major tropospheric source of gravity waves (GWs) in the summer hemisphere. These GWs can propagate up to the upper mesosphere, either vertically (over the same latitude) or obliquely (latitudinal propagation away from their source), where they dissipate and release their momentum. These waves play an important role in the global dynamical structure of the middle atmosphere. Understanding their hemispheric and seasonal variations could improve the GW parameterization schemes in present global models. To this end, this paper reports on a GW ray‐tracing analysis using the GROGRAT model to simulate the propagation of GWs from the monsoon regions in the northern and the southern hemispheres during both the summer and the winter seasons. The 20 simulations show the southern hemisphere to be more conducive to both the vertical and the oblique propagation of mesospheric GWs compared to the northern hemisphere, regardless of season. This is partially due to a stronger GW filtering in the northern hemisphere near the tropopause where a third of the waves have been vertically reflected. We also show that an increase in the horizontal wavelength increases not only the latitudinal component but also the longitudinal component of the oblique propagation of GWs. The broad spectrum of waves with different horizontal wavelengths and horizontal phase speeds used in this study highlights the existence of an upper limit in the horizontal wavelength of GWs that can reach the upper mesosphere.
Complex High‐ and Low‐Flow Networks Differ in Their Spatial Correlation Characteristics, Drivers, and Changes
Authors: Brunner Manuela I. , Gilleland Eric
Published: September 2021

Hydrologic extremes such as floods and droughts are often spatially related, which increases management challenges and potential impacts. However, these spatial relationships in high and low flows are often overlooked in risk assessments and we know little about their differences and origins. Here, we ask how spatial relationships of both types of hydrologic extremes and their potential hydro‐meteorological drivers differ and vary by season. We propose lagged upper‐ and lower‐tail correlation as a measure of extremal dependence for temporally ordered events to build complex networks of high and low flows. We compare complex networks of overall, low and high flows, determine hydro‐meteorological drivers of these networks, and map past changes in spatial relationships using a large‐sample data set in Central Europe. Our network comparison shows that low flows are correlated more strongly and over longer distances than high flows and high‐ and low‐flow networks are strongest in spring and weakest in summer. Our driver analysis shows that high‐flow dependence is most strongly governed by precipitation in winter and evapotranspiration in summer while low‐flow dependence is most strongly governed by snowmelt in winter and evapotranspiration in fall. Finally, our change analysis shows that changes in connectedness (i.e., the number of catchments a catchments shows strong flow correlations with) vary spatially and are mostly positive for high flows. We conclude that spatial flow correlations are considerable for both high and particularly low flows as a result of a combination of spatially related hydro‐meteorological drivers whose importance varies by extreme type and season.
Simulating Core Floods in Heterogeneous Sandstone and Carbonate Rocks
Authors: Wenck Nele , Jackson Samuel J. , Manoorkar Sojwal , Muggeridge Ann , Krevor Samuel
Published: September 2021

The characterization of multiphase flow properties is essential for predicting large‐scale fluid behavior in the subsurface. Insufficient representation of small‐scale heterogeneities has been identified as a major gap in conventional reservoir simulation workflows. We systematically evaluated the workflow developed by Jackson et al. (2018), https://doi.org/10.1029/2017wr022282 for use on rocks with complex porosity and capillary heterogeneities. The workflow characterizes capillary heterogeneity at the millimeter scale. The method is a numerical history match of a coreflood experiment with the 3D saturation distribution as a matching target and the capillary pressure characteristics as a fitting parameter. Coreflood experimental datasets of five rock cores with distinct heterogeneities were analyzed: two sandstones and three carbonates. The sandstones exhibit laminar heterogeneities. The carbonates have isotropic heterogeneities at a range of length scales. We found that the success of the workflow is primarily governed by the extent to which heterogeneous structures are resolved in the X‐ray imagery. The performance of the characterization workflow systematically improved with increasing characteristic length scales of heterogeneities. Using the validated models, we investigated the flow rate dependency of the upscaled relative permeability. The findings showed that the isotropic heterogeneity in the carbonate sample resulted in non‐monotonic behavior; initially the relative permeability increased, and then subsequently decreased with increasing flow rate. The work underscores the importance of capturing small‐scale heterogeneities in characterizing subsurface fluid flows, as well as the challenges in doing so.
Facile generation of bridged medium-sized polycyclic systems by rhodium-catalysed intramolecular (3+2) dipolar cycloadditions
Authors: Hou Bao-Long , Wong Jonathan J. , Lv Na , Wang Yong-Qiang , Houk K. N. , Li Chuang-Chuang
Published: September 2021

Bridged medium-sized bicyclo[m.n.2] ring systems are common in natural products and potent pharmaceuticals, and pose a great synthetic challenge. Chemistry for making bicyclo[m.n.2] ring systems remains underdeveloped. Currently, there are no general reactions available for the single-step synthesis of various bridged bicyclo[m.n.2] ring systems from acyclic precursors. Here, we report an unusual type II intramolecular (3+2) dipolar cycloaddition strategy for the syntheses of various bridged bicyclo[m.n.2] ring systems. This rhodium-catalysed cascade reaction provides a relatively general strategy for the direct and efficient regioselective and diastereoselective synthesis of highly functionalized and synthetically challenging bridged medium-sized polycyclic systems. Asymmetric total synthesis of nakafuran-8 was accomplished using this method as a key step. Quantum mechanical calculations demonstrate the mechanism of this transformation and the origins of its multiple selectivities. This reaction will inspire the design of the strategies to make complex bioactive molecules with bridged medium-sized polycyclic systems.
Long non-coding RNA NR2F1-AS1 induces breast cancer lung metastatic dormancy by regulating NR2F1 and ΔNp63
Authors: Liu Yingjie , Zhang Peiyuan , Wu Qiuyao , Fang Houqin , Wang Yuan , Xiao Yansen , Cong Min , Wang Tingting , He Yunfei , Ma Chengxin , Tian Pu , Liang Yajun , Qin Lun-Xiu , Yang Qingcheng , Yang Qifeng , Liao Lujian , Hu Guohong
Published: September 2021

Disseminated tumor cells often fall into a long term of dormant stage, characterized by decreased proliferation but sustained survival, in distant organs before awakening for metastatic growth. However, the regulatory mechanism of metastatic dormancy and awakening is largely unknown. Here, we show that the epithelial-like and mesenchymal-like subpopulations of breast cancer stem-like cells (BCSCs) demonstrate different levels of dormancy and tumorigenicity in lungs. The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) NR2F1-AS1 (NAS1) is up-regulated in the dormant mesenchymal-like BCSCs, and functionally promotes tumor dissemination but reduces proliferation in lungs. Mechanistically, NAS1 binds to NR2F1 mRNA and recruits the RNA-binding protein PTBP1 to promote internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-mediated NR2F1 translation, thus leading to suppression of ΔNp63 transcription by NR2F1. Furthermore, ΔNp63 downregulatio results in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, reduced tumorigenicity and enhanced dormancy of cancer cells in lungs. Overall, the study links BCSC plasticity with metastatic dormancy, and reveals the lncRNA as an important regulator of both processes.
Neural evidence for lexical parafoveal processing
Authors: Pan Yali , Frisson Steven , Jensen Ole
Published: September 2021

In spite of the reduced visual acuity, parafoveal information plays an important role in natural reading. However, competing models on reading disagree on whether words are previewed parafoveally at the lexical level. We find neural evidence for lexical parafoveal processing by combining a rapid invisible frequency tagging (RIFT) approach with magnetoencephalography (MEG) and eye-tracking. In a silent reading task, target words are tagged (flickered) subliminally at 60 Hz. The tagging responses measured when fixating on the pre-target word reflect parafoveal processing of the target word. We observe stronger tagging responses during pre-target fixations when followed by low compared with high lexical frequency targets. Moreover, this lexical parafoveal processing is associated with individual reading speed. Our findings suggest that reading unfolds in the fovea and parafovea simultaneously to support fluent reading.
A surface-based calibration approach to enable dynamic and accurate quantification of colorimetric assay systems
Authors: Tong Lin , Hutcheson Joshua D.
Published: September 2021

A mesh surface that incorporates color saturation, assay time, and standard concentration improves colorimetric assay dynamic range and accuracy.
A novel liquid crystal sensing platform for highly selective UO22+ detection based on a UO22+-specific DNAzyme
Authors: Hu Congcong , Li Ping , Wu Zhaoyang , Fan Fengfei , Qian Duo , Yi Yuxin , Yang Shengyuan , Xiao Fubing
Published: September 2021

A new label-free biosensor based on a UO22+-dependent DNAzyme and liquid crystals was designed for simple and highly selective detection of UO22+.
Metabolomics-based screening analysis of PPCPs in water pretreated with five different SPE columns
Authors: Xue Weifeng , Zhang Haiqin , Liu Mengyao , Chen Xi , He Shuwen , Chu Yingqian
Published: September 2021

A novel metabolomics-based screening method was developed for the sample pretreatment of PPCPs by SPE columns through seeking ‘biomarkers’.
On the factors influencing the chiroptical response of conjugated polymer thin films
Authors: Laidlaw Beth , Eng Julien , Wade Jessica , Shi Xingyuan , Salerno Francesco , Fuchter Matthew J. , Penfold Thomas J.
Published: September 2021

We study the influence of the physical and chemical structure on the chiroptical response of fluorene-based polymeric systems and reveal the significance of electric-magnetic coupling, at both short and intermediate length scales on the magnitude of the dissymmetry.
Nickel oxide regulating surface oxygen to promote formaldehyde oxidation on manganese oxide catalysts
Authors: Zhao Hailin , Tang Jie , Li Zengyuan , Yang Jie , Liu Hao , Wang Li , Cui Yao , Zhan Wangcheng , Guo Yanglong , Guo Yun
Published: September 2021

The surface oxygen of MnOxis effectively regulated by NiO addition, and the amount and reactivity of surface oxygen contributed to the activity of the NiO–MnOxcatalyst, while surface oxygen mobility contributed to reaction stability.
An organometallic catalase mimic with exceptional activity, H2O2 stability, and catalase/peroxidase selectivity
Authors: Lu Zhuomin , Lightcap Ian V. , Tennyson Andrew G.
Published: September 2021

An organometallic complex catalyzes H2O2 disproportionation with an overall performance 14 200-fold greater than the best-performing MnSOD mimic.
Coupling 6-chloro-3-methyluracil with copper: structural features, theoretical analysis, and biofunctional properties
Authors: Kumar Brajesh , Das Tushar , Das Subhadeep , Maniukiewicz Waldemar , Nesterov Dmytro S. , Kirillov Alexander M. , Das Subrata
Published: September 2021

A unique copper(ii) complex with 6-chloro-3-methyluracil was assembled and fully characterized, revealing a notable antibacterial and antioxidant activity.
RbPb8O4Cl9: the first alkali metal lead oxyhalide with distorted [PbO3Cl3] and [PbOCl5] mixed-anion groups
Authors: Fan Zhongxu , Bai Chen , Shi Hongsheng , Zhang Min , Zhang Bei , Zhang Jun , Li Junjie
Published: September 2021

The first alkali metal lead oxyhalide RbPb8O4Cl9 is designed and synthesized. The compound shows a porous network framework built from unique [PbO3Cl3] and [PbOCl5] mixed-anion groups and [RbCl8] polyhedra.
Review and outlook on high-entropy alloys for hydrogen storage
Authors: Marques Felipe , Balcerzak Mateusz , Winkelmann Frederik , Zepon Guilherme , Felderhoff Michael
Published: September 2021

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are a new class of alloys that has been investigated for hydrogen storage. Here we discuss the design, synthesis, and hydrogen storage properties of HEAs studied to date.
Species-dependent eco-corona dictates the aggregation of black phosphorus nanosheets: the role of protein and calcium
Authors: Wei Linfeng , Zhang Qing , Hou Xingwang , Qu Guangbo , Liu Jiyan , Jiang Guibin
Published: September 2021

Dispersion of BPNSs was stabilized by crop root exudate fractions >3 kDa, resulted from ecological corona hindering their connections with other BPNSs and electrolyte (Ca2+).
The ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway for methane-based biorefineries: a case study of using Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b, an alpha-proteobacterial methanotroph, for producing 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid and 1,3-butanediol from methane
Authors: Mai Dung Hoang Anh , Nguyen Thu Thi , Lee Eun Yeol
Published: September 2021

Through genome-scale metabolic model simulations and transcriptomic analysis the ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway of an alpha-proteobacteria, Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b, was systematically assessed and exploited to produce 2-hydroxybutiric acid and 1,3-butanediol from methane.
Luminescent lanthanide nanoparticle-based imaging enables ultra-sensitive, quantitative and multiplexed in vitro lateral flow immunoassays
Authors: Mousseau F. , Féraudet Tarisse C. , Simon S. , Gacoin T. , Alexandrou A. , Bouzigues C. I.
Published: September 2021

We developed a portable, fast, highly sensitive and quantitative in vitro assay for on-site biomolecule detection by combining the remarkable optical properties of new lanthanide-doped nanoparticle probes with a simple reader coupled to a smartphone.
Excitation dependence and independence of photoluminescence in carbon dots and graphene quantum dots: insights into the mechanism of emission
Authors: Siddique Abu Bakar , Hossain Syed Minhaz , Pramanick Ashit Kumar , Ray Mallar
Published: September 2021

A pattern in excitation dependent and independent emission characteristics provides important insight into the emission mechanism from 0D carbon nanostructures.
Powering lithium–sulfur batteries by ultrathin sulfurized polyacrylonitrile nanosheets
Authors: Wang Ke , Zhao Teng , Zhang Nanxiang , Feng Tao , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie
Published: September 2021

Schematic of a pouch cell based on ultrathin SPAN nanosheets and its excellent cycling performance.
Biomimicking spider webs for effective fog water harvesting with electrospun polymer fibers
Authors: Knapczyk-Korczak Joanna , Stachewicz Urszula
Published: September 2021

Electrospun fibers are able to biomimic many important features of spider webs which are useful in fog water collection. This review covers current research and designs based on electrospun fibers, and offers experimental guidelines for lab testing.