bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"We are the Delta": Nature and Agency in Helon Habila’s Oil on Water
Authors: Hand Felicity
Published: May 2021

At first sight there appear to be three human participants in the Niger Delta struggle in Helon Habila’s novel Oil on Water. The soldiers sent by the federal government keep the oil business running;  the armed rebels fight to protect the environment and for a say in the distribution of petrodollars; and the local villagers find themselves wedged in-between.  This article claims that the fourth actor in the ecodrama is the brutalized landscape.  Far from assuming a passive role, nature in Oil on Water strikes back through Habila’s prose. The devastated land is given a powerful voice in order to demand an urgent need for action to stop any further destruction caused by mindless oil extraction.
Book Review of Climate Change and Storytelling: Narratives and Cultural Meaning in Environmental Communication
Authors: Tabak Eline
Published: May 2021

Book review of  Climate Change and Storytelling: Narratives and Cultural Meaning in Environmental Communication.
Ecology, Cultural Awareness, Anti-Racism and Critical Thinking
Authors: Braselmann Silke , Katharina Glas  , Volkmann Laurenz
Published: May 2021

This paper aims at presenting a critical approach to teaching ecological, postcolonial and ethnic minority topics in the (foreign language) classroom, describing the need to interrelate these three issues in both research and teaching. It illustrates how Western utilitarian perspectives on both humans and nature must be counterbalanced with alternative stances, such as those provided by indigenous views of reciprocity. With regard to teaching scenarios, it suggests the use of multi-text selections in line with the principle of presenting multiple perspectives on global issues. It suggests that two seemingly contradictory teaching/learning objectives can be combined: bolstering up students’ empathetic skills in understanding ecological and interculturally relevant issues on the one hand and becoming critically aware of textual strategies employed to manipulate readers. We use the hitherto less frequently observed example of the demands of the Chilean indigenous minority of the Mapuche to illustrate how different positions published in the English language on the Internet can be used in the foreign language classroom to discuss the issues at stake here: the inextricable interrelatedness of ecological exploitation of natural resources with processes of sociocultural and economic marginalisation and oppression of ethnic minority groups and their worldviews  across the globe.
Teaching in the Garden: School Gardens as a Space for Environmental and English Learning
Authors: Turner-Hill Baerbel , Ludwig Christian , Böttger Lena
Published: May 2021

School gardens as settings for learning outside the classroom are becoming increasingly popular. They allow students to learn in an authentic way as they engage in a variety of activities and materials. More importantly, they also represent a powerful place and tool for environmental education as students are not only exposed to nature but also gain positive environmental experiences. This paper examines school gardens as a place for both enhancing students’ English language competences and fostering critical environmental literacy. The first section of the paper focuses on garden-based education as a type of learning outside the classroom. The ensuing section then provides a brief discussion of school gardens as learning spaces across the curriculum, arguing that school gardens are far more than places for learning about nutrition and healthy living. Following this, the next section then argues for using school gardens also for learning English as a foreign language. Here Gardner’s multiple intelligences model serves to illustrate the potential of school gardens for differentiated instruction regarding content, processes, and products in today’s increasingly diverse learning groups. The main part of the paper then concentrates on garden-based education in the context of EFL teacher training. At the University of Education Karlsruhe (Germany) students have the opportunity to attend a school garden-based seminar which allows them to experience first hand the benefits of learning English as a foreign language in the school garden. The paper concludes by taking a glimpse into the future of school garden learning by reporting on the authors’ experiences with using technology in the context of garden-based education.
Revision of the gastropod family Pseudolividae from the Paleocene of West Greenland and Denmark
Authors: Pacaud J.-M. , Schnetler K.I.
Published: May 2021

The Paleocene deposits on the Nuussuaq peninsula (West Greenland) contain three new species belonging to the family Pseudolividae de Gregorio, 1880. Popenoeum lacunosum sp. nov., Pseudoliva praetermissa sp. nov. and Fusulculus nanapullus sp. nov. are described. The species Fusulculus koeneni (Ravn, 1939) from the Paleocene (Selandian) of Denmark is revised, a lectotype is designated and new figures are published.Pseudoliva (Fusopsis) canalifera Ravn, 1939 is excluded from the Pseudolividae and Fusopsis is considered to be a subjective junior synonym of Suessionia Cossmann, 1889, and therefore reassigned to the family Buccinidae Rafinesque, 1815.
A revised instrument for the assessment of empathy and Theory of Mind in adolescents: Introducing the EmpaToM-Y
Authors: Breil Christina , Kanske Philipp , Pittig Roxana , Böckler Anne
Published: May 2021

Empathy and Theory of Mind (ToM) are two core components of social understanding. The EmpaToM is a validated social video task that allows for independent manipulation and assessment of the two capacities. First applications revealed that empathy and ToM are dissociable constructs on a neuronal as well as on a behavioral level. As the EmpaToM has been designed for the assessment of social understanding in adults, it has a high degree of complexity and comprises topics that are inadequate for minors. For this reason, we designed a new version of the EmpaToM that is especially suited to measure empathy and ToM in youths. In experiment 1, we successfully validated the EmpaToM-Y on the original EmpaToM in an adult sample (N = 61), revealing a similar pattern of results across tasks and strong correlations of all constructs. As intended, the performance measure for ToM and the control condition of the EmpaToM-Y showed reduced difficulty. In experiment 2, we tested the feasibility of the EmpaToM-Y in a group of teenagers (N = 36). Results indicate a reliable empathy induction and higher demands of ToM questions for adolescents. We provide a promising task for future research targeting inter-individual variability of socio-cognitive and socio-affective capacities as well as their precursors and outcomes in healthy minors and clinical populations.
Métodos de planificación y secuenciación Heijunka inspirados en el problema del Reparto en Sistemas electorales
Authors: Bautista-Valhondo Joaquín
Published: May 2021

El término Heijunka se asocia a la regularidad de la producción, siendo esta una propiedad deseable en todo plan de producción por facilitar la gestión de operaciones y propiciar la reducción de stocks. En este marco conceptual, se establecen tres propiedades deseables que deben cumplir, dentro de lo posible, los planes y las secuencias para ser considerados Heijunka. Estas son: (1) Cuota, (2) Homogeneidad y (3) Monotonía en producción. Tras una introducción sobre el entorno productivo bajo estudio, se formula un programa matemático para obtener planes y secuencias regulares por cuotas de producción y se ofrece una heurística inspirada en el procedimiento de los Restos mayores del Problema del Reparto, la cual se aplica a un ejemplo sobre fabricación de motores. Se definen los conceptos periodicidad ideal de productos y secuenciación regular por fechas idóneas, quedando reflejados en un programa matemático cuyo propósito es determinar secuencias regulares, minimizando las desviaciones (absolutas, cuadráticas, etc.) entre fechas reales e ideales de fabricación. También, se propone la familia de algoritmos Métodos de los Multiplicadores, aplicando algunos de ellos al conjunto de instancias Nissan-9Eng.I. Y se concluye con la idea de que dichos métodos son útiles para secuenciar productos bajo el ideario Heijunka, pues todos ellos verifican al menos dos de las tres propiedades deseables impuestas.
„Lehramts-Aufgaben“ zur Überwindung der doppelten Diskontinuität
Authors: Isaev Viktor , Eichler Andreas
Published: May 2021

In dem Beitrag wird ein Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojekt im Rahmen der „Qualitätsoffensive Lehrerbildung“ an der Universität Kassel vorgestellt, das Studierenden des Lehramts an Gymnasien ermöglichen soll, in mathematischen Grundlagenveranstaltungen Gemeinsamkeiten und Zusammenhänge zwischen den als getrennte Welten wahrgenommenen Bereichen Schulmathematik und Hochschulmathematik zu erkennen. Somit soll einer Erfahrung entgegengewirkt werden, die Felix Klein zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts als doppelte Diskontinuität charakterisierte und die heute noch ein scheinbar ungelöstes Problem der mathematischen Fachausbildung im Lehramtsstudium darstellt. In dem Projekt wird ausgehend von dem Leitgedanken der Vernetzung (Projekt f-f-u: Vernetzung fachwissenschaftlichen, fachdidaktischen und unterrichtspraktischen Wissens im Bereich Mathematik) primär das Ziel verfolgt, sogenannte „Lehramts-Aufgaben“ in den Übungsbetrieb fachmathematischer Veranstaltungen zu integrieren, die potentiell dazu geeignet sind, Verbindungen zwischen Schul- und Hochschulmathematik aufzuzeigen. Im Beitrag wird ein Fokus auf die Konzeption von solchen Aufgaben gelegt. Speziell geht es um die theoretische Fundierung unserer Aufgaben vor dem Hintergrund der Theorie des trägen Wissens und dem Ansatz des situierten Lernens sowie potentielle zugrunde liegende Kategoriensysteme für solche Aufgaben wie die Einordnung nach professionellen Wissensfacetten von Lehrkräften. Beispiele von Lehramts-Aufgaben aus den Veranstaltungen „Elementare Lineare Algebra“ und „Grundlagen der Analysis I“, welche von Lehramtsstudierenden im ersten bzw. dritten Semester ihrer Studienlaufbahn besucht werden, sollen dabei exemplarisch verdeutlichen, welchen Zweck die Intervention als Vernetzung von Fachwissenschaft und Fachdidaktik jeweils verfolgt.
Islam and Syncretism in Java: Reflections on the Thought of Geertz and Woodward
Authors: Rofiqoh Yusnia I’anatur , Alvino Ach Tofan , Chusae Asmi , Nizar Yasyva Agfa
Published: May 2021

This article aims to revisit the concept of Javanese Islam in the thinking of Clifford Geertz and Mark R Woodward. This study is not a comparative study of the two figures but rather a criticism of Geertz's thinking using Woodward's thinking. Geertz stated that Islam in Java is considered a practice that deviates from Islamic values ​​and teachings. Geertz's grouping of religious typology, namely Priyayi, Abangan, and Santri, is also problematic. Priyayi and abangan groups are considered followers of mystical teachings (kejawen), while the santri group adheres to pure Islam. Meanwhile, Woodward explains Javanese Islam with the theory of mystical Islam (Islamic Sufism). Woodward divides it into three essential characteristics: first, to believe in God Almighty, second, to be mystical, and third, to have a syncretic character. According to Woodward, there is only one Javanese religion, and the binding factor is Islam, not Java, as Geertz’s statement.
“TINJAUAN FLUKTUASI INDEKS SAHAM SYARIAH INDONESIA (ISSI) PRESPEKTIF MAKRO EKONOMI”
Authors: Khomariyah Nunuk
Published: May 2021

Indeks Saham Syariah Indonesia (ISSI) merupakan sebuah indeks saham syariah yang tergolong baru di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui terjadinya hubungan antara ISSI, Inflasi, Kurs dan BI Rate selama sepuluh  periode baik respon shock ataupun prosentase kontribusi. Data yang digunakan Time Series dalam bentuk bulanan terhitung sejak bulan Juni 2011 hingga bulan Oktober 2020 dengan pendekatan kuanitatif menggunakan metode analisis VAR In Difference. Hasilnya menunjukkan tidak terjadinya hubungan jangka panjang antar variabel. Selain itu terdapat respon gonjangan postif antara ISSI, Kurs dan BI Rate dan terjadi respon negatif ISSI terhadap Inflasi selama sepuluh periode. Kemudian terjadi kontribusi antara sesama variabel sejak periode kedua hingga kesepuluh. Namun antar sesama variabel tidak terjadi hubungan dua arah namun yang terjadi hanya satu arah.
PENGARUH PEMBIAYAAN MURABAHAH, FDR DAN NPF TERHADAP ROA BANK SYARIAH BUKOPIN PERIODE 2014-2019
Authors: Aditias Novia Fitrianivirgi , Yuni Mulyanti Rita
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan memperoleh bukti atas pengaruh antara Pembiayaan Murabahah, Financing To Deposit Ratio dan Non Performing Financing Terhadap Return On Asset Pada Bank Syariah Bukopin Periode 2014-2019. Penelitian ini bersifat Kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dengan menggunakan laporan keuangan triwulan dari Bank Syariah Bukopin Periode 2014 sampai 2019. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah Pembiayaan Murabahah (X1) Financing to Deposit Ratio (X2) dan Non Performing Financing (X3), sedangkan variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah Return On Asset (Y).Dari hasil analisis uji t dengan tingkat signifikansi 5% atau 0,05 menunjukan bahwa Pembiayaan Murabahah berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Return On Asset, Financing to Deposit Ratio berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Return On Asset dan Non Performing Financing tidak berpengaruh terhadap Return On Asset secara parsial. Hasil uji F menunjukan bahwa secara simultan variabel Pembiayaan Murabahah, Financing to Deposit Ratio dan Non Performing Financing berpengaruh positif terhadap Return On Asset dengan nilai F hitung diperoleh sebesar 20.776.Kata Kunci: Pembiayaan Murabahah, Financing To Deposit Ratio, Non Performing Financing, Return On Asset
ADMINISTRACINĖS PASKIRTIES PASTATO IŠORINIŲ ATITVARŲ MODERNIZAVIMO VERTINIMO TYRIMAS
Authors: Jankauskaitė Indrė , Valančius Kęstutis
Published: May 2021

Tyrimo tikslas atlikti iš D klasės modernizuoto į A (+) administracinio pastato vidaus ir lauko bei išorinių atitvarų paviršiaus temperatūrų bei atitvarų šiluminių charakteristikų parametrų tyrimą. Darbe atlikus gautų duomenų analizę buvo nustatyta vidutinė patalpų vidaus ir lauko temperatūra, šilumos srautas per atitvaras. Aptariami išmatuoti išorinių atitvarų: sienos, stogo, įstiklinimo, lango rėmo parametrai, jais remiantis apskaičiuoti šilumos perdavimo koeficientai, gauti rodikliai, palyginami su statybiniame techniniame reglamente nurodytais, bei prieš pastato modernizavimą buvusiai rodikliais. Rezultatai parodė, kad tiriamame pastate po modernizavimo vidutinė patalpų temperatūra bei gauti išorinių atitvarų šilumos perdavimo koeficientai dalinai atitinka norminius reikalavimus. Gauti tyrimo rezultatai bus naudojami tolimesniame administracinio pastato modernizavimo vertinime bei energinio efektyvumo didinimo galimybių analizėje.
Unusual antibiotic resistance pattern among blood culture isolates of Salmonella Paratyphi A
Authors: Prabhurajan Rajan , Selvam R Mary Esther , Padmavathy Kesavaram
Published: May 2021

Introduction: With increasing fluoroquinolone resistance, extended spectrum cephalosporins are recommended for the treatment of invasive Salmonella infections. However, Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producing Salmonella Paratyphi A causing enteric fever is on the rise and constitutes a major therapeutic challenge. Hence, we aimed to assess the incidence of ESBL production, fluoroquinolone resistance in S. Paratyphi A and to compare the fluoroquinolone resistance detection methods.

Methodology: Seventeen blood-culture isolates of S. Paratyphi A were tested for susceptibility to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, streptomycin and tetracycline (ACCuST), fluoroquinolones, azithromycin and ceftriaxone by disk diffusion method. We compared and correlated between disk diffusion of ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin with ciprofloxacin MIC. Combined disk test was employed to determine ESBL production.

Results: In this study, 13(76.5%) isolates were nalidixic acid resistant (NAR), 16 (94.1%) were pefloxacin resistant, while 7 (41.2%), 9 (52.9%) exhibited resistance and intermediate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin respectively. The MIC50, MIC90 of ciprofloxacin was 1 µg/mL, 2 µg/mL respectively. Among the NAR, 76.92% were DSC (MIC 0.5-1 µg/mL) and 23.08% had an MIC of 2-4 µg/mL. Of note, 4 isolates with DSC were NAS. Of the 17 S. Paratyphi A isolates, 14 (82.4%) were ESBL producers and 11 (64.7%) isolates were ceftriaxone susceptible.

Conclusions: Multidrug resistant (AmpRChlRSxtR) S. Paratyphi A with combined resistance to fluoroquinolones and ESBL production is a cause of concern. We found S. Paratyphi A isolates with a relatively unusual phenotype: nalidixic acid susceptible but exhibited DSC; pefloxacin susceptible but ciprofloxacin resistant. Of note one multidrug resistant (AmpRChlRSxtR) isolate, an ESBL producer exhibited resistance to azithromycin, cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones but was susceptible to carbapenems and streptomycin.
Risk factors of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections among patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital of north India
Authors: Vaithiyam Venkatesh , Ranjan Piyush , Desai Devashish , Mittal Ankit , Kapil Arti , Wig Naveet , Biswas Ashutosh
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Infections with drug-resistant organisms (DRO) have been associated with poor patient outcomes. To tackle this global problem, it is necessary to understand the risk factors that predispose to infections with DRO.

Methodology: This was a prospective observational study conducted over a three-year period at a tertiary-care hospital. Bacterial culture isolates from patients admitted in medicine wards with community or hospital-acquired infections were included. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors for drug-resistant infections.

Results: Of the 295 patients with 323 isolates included, 40 (12.3%) had non-MDR (N-MDR) infections, 86 (26.6 %) had MDR infections and 197 (61%) had possible extensively drug-resistant (P-XDR) infections. History of previous admission in the preceding three months (Odds Ratio, OR = 4.53, 95% Confidence interval, CI = 1.8 – 11.42, p = -0.01), high SOFA score at admission (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.0 – 1.290, p = -0.039) and prolonged duration of ventilation (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.05 – 1.41, p = -0.012) were independently associated P-XDR infections when compared to patients with N-MDR.

Conclusions: High rate of multidrug-resistant infections in the studied area is alarming. In this single-centre study, we elicited various risk factors for drug-resistant bacterial infections ranging from patient characteristics to iatrogenic risk factors during the hospital stay. Infections with P-XDR and MDR isolates independently increased hospital and ICU stay duration and were associated with increased mortality.
The occurrence of the parasitic amphipod Trischizostoma crosnieri Lowry & Stoddart, 1993 (Amphipoda: Amphilochidea: Lysianassida) in a methane seep site in the southeastern Pacific
Authors: Pérez-Schultheiss Jorge , Sellanes Javier
Published: May 2021

The genus Trischizostoma Boeck, 1861 is a cosmopolitan group of parasitic and symbiotic aristoidean amphipods whose distribution is poorly known, with scarce specimens reported principally from pelagic environments until 3655 m depth. In this note, Trischizostoma crosnieri Lowry & Stoddart,1993, a species described for the southwest Pacific, is recorded for the first time in the southeast Pacific. The species was known previously only from a female specimen, described from the Philippines, with two additional unpublished records from the east coast of Australia and Tasmania. The specimens studied herein were obtained at 874 m depth, 36 nm to the northwest of Concepción, Biobío Region, in a methane seep site. However, the relationship between this species with this particular habitat is still uncertain. The genus Trischizostoma has been cited for the Nazca and Salas y Gómez ridges; nevertheless, our finding constitutes the first record of a species at the continental margin off Chile, raising to four the known species of the genus for Chilean waters.
Effect of stocking density of juvenile Arapaima gigas on rearing water quality hematological and biochemical profile, and productive performance
Authors: Paredes-López Daniel , Robles-Huaynate Rizal , Rebaza-Alfaro Carmela , Delgado-Ramírez José , Aldava-Pardave U.
Published: May 2021

At inadequate stocking density, fish generally show different physiological responses. The effects of stocking density on Arapaima gigas larvae productive parameters have been determined in a previous study. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the stocking density on the water quality, hematological and biochemical profile, and productive performance of juvenile A. gigas. One hundred and eighty twelve months old, A. gigas were distributed into tanks using initial densities of 103.90, 157.95 and 220.11 kg m-3 with three replicates. Ammoniacal nitrogen, carbon dioxide, dissolved oxygen pH, alkalinity, and hardness were determined using a LaMotte Fish Farm 9, AQ-2 model, Maryland, USA, freshwater test kit. Blood samples were taken at 13, 14, and 15 months old by pricking the caudal vein and profiles of glucose (Glu), total protein (TP), albumin, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and urea, were determined in blood serum. Rearing water was saturated in ammoniac nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and dissolved oxygen but have not changed with the increase of stocking density (P < 0.05), Erythrocyte's count (EC) diminished (P < 0.05), nonetheless, hemoglobin, mean concentration hemoglobin (MCH) and mean cell volume (MCV) increased (P < 0.05). Albumin, AST, ALT and urea diminished at 220.11 kg m-3 stocking density (P < 0.05). The feed intake increased, final biomass gain was 100.26 ± 19.00, 119.10 ± 13.95, and 130.24 ± 08.07 kg m-3, but did not change as density increased (P < 0.05). Juveniles of A. gigas showed no variation in productive performance with an increase in the stocking density. Furthermore, hematological and biochemical adapting profile to high stocking densities characterized this species.
External morphological stages and protein variations along with the embryonic development of the longarm river prawn Macrobrachium tenellum (Smith, 1871)
Authors: García-Guerrero Marcelo U. , Mateos-Guerrero Dulce M. , Alpuche-Osorno Juan J. , De los Santos-Romero Rodolfo B.
Published: May 2021

A good understanding of a given species' embryology is important to settle the larval rearing bases when juveniles are required for culture purposes or conservation programs. Changes in embryonic morphology, protein concentration, and protein type occurring in prawn eggs were analyzed in the present work. Berried females of Macrobrachium tenellum were collected in the Colotepec River, Oaxaca, Mexico. The eggs were taken from the ovigerous mass and embryonic stages classified by their color. Morphological changes in the embryos allowed identifying six embryonic stages based on color, egg size, and morphological features. Determinations of the protein extract were executed in SDS-PAGE (electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels) and, subsequently, proteomic analyses were also performed. Protein bands along embryonic development and their molecular weights are presented and commented.
First report of the hapuku wreckfish Polyprion oxygeneios (Polyprionidae) in Argentinian waters
Authors: Milessi Andrés C. , De Wysiecki Agustín M. , Carvalho Filho Alfredo , Wiff Rodrigo
Published: May 2021

The hapuku wreckfish Polyprion oxygeneios is recorded for the first time in Argentinian waters. Four specimens were caught off Mar del Plata (38°S, Argentina) in depths between 60 and 260 m during austral summer (three by sport fishers and one in a research cruise). Up to the present, this species was consistently misidentified with its congener, the common wreckfish P. americanus, off Argentina. These records represent a connection between previous records from Brazil and the more austral circumglobal distribution of the species.
Genetic diversity of divergent redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (Von Martens, 1868) populations evaluated to initiate a breeding program in Mexico
Authors: Max-Aguilar Adriana , Villarreal Humberto , Leyva-Valencia Ignacio , Valencia-Valdez Rocío , Naranjo-Páramo José , Vargas-Mendieta Mayra , Villarreal-García Alejandra , Cruz-Hernández Pedro
Published: May 2021

Cherax quadricarinatus is a decapod crustacean of interest to the aquaculture industry. In Mexico, a significant effort has been made to improve biological requirements, but the genetic characteristics are unknown. We examined the genetic diversity and differentiation in four populations in Mexico (three commercial farms and one feral population), as well as one research line from Argentina, used as reference. To initiate a founder stock in a genetic improvement program, we analyzed five microsatellite markers. The genetic diversity in terms of the number of alleles was low to moderate (2.8-6.2) in Mexican populations than the Argentinean sample (8.8). A pairwise Wright's Fst analysis showed that all populations were significantly different (P < 0.5). Cross-breeding organisms from a different population are suggested to increase genetic variability before initiating a founder stock with higher genetic variation.
Evaluation of protein: lipid ratio on growth, feed efficiency, and metabolic response in juvenile yellowtail snapper Ocyurus chrysurus (Bloch, 1791)
Authors: Arenas Martin , Álvarez-González Alfonso , Barreto Álvaro , Sánchez Adolfo , Cuzon Gerard , Gaxiola Gabriela
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate juveniles' Ocyurus chrysurus (13.7 ± 0.45 g initial weight) to utilize lipid as an energy source on growth, feed efficiency, body composition, digestive and hepatic enzyme activities. Four diets of two protein levels (40 and 50%) with two lipid levels (6 and 12%) and 2% of digestible carbohydrates were formulated. Fish were fed for 60 days to apparent satiation at a stocking density of 10 fish per tank (100 L). Growth gain of fish fed 50% dietary protein was higher than of fish fed 40% dietary protein (P < 0.05). However, feed efficiency was significantly higher at 12 than 6% of dietary lipid. Whole-body lipid and glycogen in the liver increased dramatically with dietary lipid content-alkaline protease activity trend increased as dietary protein increased. Trypsin activity increased significantly as dietary lipid decreased, whereas chymotrypsin activity showed the opposite trend (P < 0.05). Bile salt-dependent lipase activity trend towards increasing as dietary energy decreased. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH), and fructose-1, 6-biphosphatase (FBPase) significantly increased with increasing dietary lipid levels. However, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity increased with dietary protein content. On the other side, pyruvate kinase (PK) activity increased with both dietary protein and lipid content. This study indicates that high dietary lipid (12%) improved the feed efficiency but did not reduce dietary protein demand in juveniles O. chrysurus.
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 Gly388Arg Gene Polymorphism and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Susceptibility and Prognosis in Egyptian population: Case–control Study
Authors: Abdelghany Wafaa M. , Botros Shahira Kamal Anis , Mansour Osman Mohamed , Ayoub Mahmoud A. , Almuslimani Abdallah M. , Hassan Naglaa M.
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis is a multistep process having an essential role in the growth and progression of various tumors including hematolymphoid malignancies. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is one of angiogenic growth factors which level is considered as prognostic factor in lymphoma and leukemia. It mediates its action by binding to high affinity cell surface receptors-fibroblast growth factor receptor 1–4 (FGFR4) with receptor kinase activity. Therefore, upregulation of BFGF-FGFR system may cause increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs).
AIM: Our study aimed to determine the association between the FGFR4 Gly388Arg (rs351855G/A) polymorphism and NHL disease susceptibility and prognosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study included 75 NHL patients and 100 healthy controls. Genotyping of FGFR4 was done by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). As after the amplification of the target gene, the PCR products were digested with BstNI restriction endonuclease enzyme.
RESULTS: Analysis of FGFR4 Gly388Arg polymorphism revealed that the frequency of heterozygous (GA) mutation as well as the mutant allele (A) was significantly higher in cases compared to control subjects with p < 0.001 and 0.002, respectively. The mutant genotypes were more prevalent at older age, aggressive clinical stage, bone marrow involvement, anemia, and thrombocytopenia at presentation. The mean of overall survival and the event free survival of our NHL patients were shorter in the mutant genotypes with p = 0.049 and 0.017, respectively.
CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that FGFR4 Gly388Arg polymorphism confers a genetic susceptibility to NHL among Egyptians and has a poor prognostic impact.
The Effect of Cabbage Leaves Compress on Breast Engorgement in Postpartum Mother
Authors: Aprilina Happy Dwi , Krislinggardini Krislinggardini , Isnaini Nur , Suratmi Suratmi
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Breast engorgement causes discomfort in the breastfeeding process. If untreated, it can make the baby reluctant to be breastfed. In turn, it may result in clogged milk which affects milk production and lead to mastitis/infection of the milk glands.
AIM: The aim of the study was to know the effect of cabbage leaves compress on breast engorgement in postpartum mothers.
METHODS: Pre-experimental was done with one group. The pre- and post-test design approach was applied. The population of this study is postpartum mothers who experienced breast engorgement. A consecutive sampling was employed as the sampling technique. The instruments to collect the data are using the observation sheet and breast engorgement rating scale based on Hill and Humenick ‘94. The data were then analyzed the Wilcoxon test.
RESULTS: The majority of the characteristics of respondents who experience breast engorgement are postpartum mothers aged 20–35 years, with junior high school education, unemployed or housewives, and multiparous mothers. Before cabbage leaves compression, the majority of 29 mothers (96.7%) experienced engorgement on a scale of 3 and declined to a scale of 2 after the intervention. The result of the effect of cabbage leaves compress on breast engorgement in postpartum mothers was effective with a value of p = 0.000.
CONCLUSION: There is a significant effect of cabbage leaves compress on breast engorgement for the postpartum mothers.
Effect of Traditional and Virtual Oral Hygiene Instruction to School Health Instructors on Plaque Index of Elementary Schoolchildren
Authors: Golshah Amin , Salahshour Mahya , Kiani Maryam , Fatahi Ali
Published: May 2021

AIM: This study compared the effect of traditional and virtual oral hygiene instruction to school health instructors on plaque index (PI) of elementary schoolchildren.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: In this descriptive, analytical study, 66 elementary schools in Kermanshah city were selected by cluster sampling. The school health instructors first participated in a pretest and filled out a questionnaire. The O’Leary’s index of 339 elementary schoolchildren was measured at baseline. Next, the school health instructors received oral hygiene instructions in two groups (n = 33) of virtual instruction through an online course and traditional classroom setting. After 3 weeks, a post-test was held and school health instructors filled out the same questionnaire for the 2nd time. After 3 months, the PI of students was measured again. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and ANOVA.
RESULTS: Both instruction methods significantly enhanced the oral hygiene knowledge of instructors (p < 0.001) but virtual instruction was significantly more effective (p = 0.02). No significant association was noted between age, work experience of instructors, or their level of education with their knowledge level in the virtual group (p > 0.05). An inverse correlation was noted between age and work experience of instructors with their knowledge level in the traditional instruction group (p < 0.05). Both instruction methods caused significant improvement of PI of students (p < 0.001) but virtual instruction was more effective (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Correct oral hygiene instruction to school health instructors (preferably by virtual instruction) can reduce PI elementary schoolchildren.
Assessment of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 Mutation by Immunohistochemistry in Egyptian Patients with High-grade Gliomas
Authors: Ayad Essam , Ghattas Sylvia Mikhael , Abdel Moneim Rabab , Ismail Azzam , Khairy Rasha A.
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: At present, the classification of central nervous system tumors relies on molecular factors in addition to histologic features to identify many tumor types. This should subsequently results in more accurate diagnosis as well as addressing specific markers of potential prognostic and predictive value.
AIM: This study was conducted to emphasize the importance of including isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) evaluation as a crucial part of the diagnosis and categorization of high-grade glioma cases. This also may help to individualize the treatment of high-grade glioma patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The current study included 60 cases of high-grade gliomas, studied histologically and immunohistochemically for the detection of IDH1 mutation. The results were correlated with different clinicopathologic variables and course of the disease.
RESULTS: IDH1 immunohistochemical expression was positive in 46.67% of the studied high-grade glioma cases. A statistically significant relationship was detected between IDH1 expression and tumor histologic grade as 100% of Grade III anaplastic oligodendroglioma cases and 80% of the Grade III anaplastic astrocytoma cases were IDH1 positive while only 40.4% of Grade IV glioblastoma cases were IDH1 positive (p = 0.03). In addition, patients who were IDH1 mutant were in a better category of response to radiotherapy (p = 0.019) and also to chemotherapy (p < 0.001). Moreover, patients who expressed IDH1 had prolonged overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival than those who showed negative IDH1expression (p < 0.001). On the other hand, no statistically significant relationship was detected between IDH1 expression and patients age, sex, tumor site, tumor size, motor symptoms, sensory symptoms, and increased intracranial tension (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that IDH1 is a good prognostic marker for gliomas and is a good predictive marker for response to treatment. IDH1 is a promising target for therapy in high-grade gliomas through the emerging IDH1 inhibitors. Immunohistochemical testing for IDH1 is a practical and cost-effective method that should be applied in all glioma cases. Further study on a larger sample size is recommended to validate the current results. Moreover, applying molecular analysis to detect IDH1 mutation is recommended to be able to precisely detect the IDH1 wild-type tumor
The Prognostic Significance of c-Met and p53 Immunohistochemical Expression in Gastric and Colorectal Carcinomas
Authors: Abou-Bakr Amany A. , Abdelaziz Alshaymaa A. , Malash Ibrahim A. , Mansour Osman , Abdelsalam Ibrahim M. , Abo-Elazm Omnia M. , Ibrahim Heba A. , Mohammed Mai S. , Khairy Rasha
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Colorectal and gastric carcinomas are the most common and deadly gastrointestinal (GIT) malignancies.
AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the expression of c-Met and p53 in gastric and colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) as well as colorectal adenomas using immunohistochemistry.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: c-Met and p53 immunohistochemical expression was conducted on 66 cases of gastric adenocarcinomas and total of 60 colonic cases (36 CRCs and 24 colorectal adenomas).
RESULTS: In this study, c-Met was positively expressed in 54.5% of gastric carcinomas and 50% of CRCs. In addition, p53 was positively expressed in 56.1% of gastric carcinomas and 72.2% of CRCs. Moreover, higher expression of both c-Met (p = 0.001) and p53 expression (p < 0.001) was reported in CRCs compared to colorectal adenomas. In the same context, c-Met and p53 expressions were positively correlated with intestinal type gastric adenocarcinoma (p < 0.001 and p = 0.03, respectively). Moreover, c-Met was correlated with non-mucinous adenocarcinomas (p = 0.008) and lower grades (p < 0.001) of gastric carcinomas. As regard survival analysis in gastric carcinomas, median overall survival (OS) was better in p53 positive patients (p = 0.05), patients with negative lymph node metastasis (p = 0.03), and patients with better response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.04). In contrast, c-Met did not exhibit significant correlation with OS (p > 0.05). Both c-Met and p53 did not reveal significant correlation with tumor stage and site in both CRCs and gastric carcinomas (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: We concluded that c-Met and p53 are expressed in the most common GIT malignancies addressing them as potential biomarkers. In addition, c- Met and p53 may have a potential role in colorectal cancer development as they showed higher positivity in CRCs compared to adenomas.
Role of CALLA/CD10 Expression in Progression of Melanocytic Tumors: A Study in Egypt
Authors: Salama Maha Elsayed Mohammed , Khairy Dina Ahmad
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Although most of melanocytic lesions can be diagnosed using morphology, there is a significant subset of lesions that are difficult to diagnose. These are a source of anxiety for patients, clinicians, and pathologists. This arouses the possible benefits of using ancillary techniques to solve this problem. CD10 is a zinc-dependent metalloproteinase, its expression is known to be associated with biological aggressiveness in various malignancies. AIM: This research observes the efficacy of CD10 in the progression of melanocytic tumors as well as the differential diagnosis between nevus and melanoma. METHODS: The material of this study included 49 paraffin blocks of Egyptian melanocytic tumors. CD10 expression either membranous and/or cytoplasmic in tumor cells was considered positive and scored, based on the percentage of cells stained and compared to Ki67 expression as a prognostic marker. RESULTS: In benign melanocytic nevi, only 16.7% of cases showed positive expression, all were + 1 score, compared to 82.6% of melanoma cases, mostly +1 score followed by +3 score and finally +2 score. The difference in CD10 expression among melanocytic tumors showed a highly statistically significant correlation between nevus and melanoma cases as well as in Spitz nevi versus other nevi. Another highly statistically significant correlation was observed between CD10 expression and both Ki67 expression and ulceration. CONCLUSION: CD10 expression was significantly higher expressed in melanomas rather than nevi with highly statistically significant positive relation with Ki67 and ulcer formation which supports its role as a potential biomarker in the development of malignant melanoma and marker of aggression.
La manne des ressources naturelles, l’investissement public optimal et la redistribution : le rôle de la productivité totale des facteurs et de la capacité de l’État
Authors: Arezki Rabah , Dupuy Arnaud , Gelb Alan
Published: May 2021

Cet article analyse les décisions en vue d’un investissement public optimal dans les pays bénéficiant de la manne des ressources naturelles. Pour ce faire, une version augmentée du cadre théorique du modèle de revenu permanent est utilisée, l’investissement public étant confronté à des coûts d’ajustement qui tiennent compte de la capacité connexe de l’État ainsi que des transferts directs du gouvernement. L’une des principales hypothèses est que ces coûts d’ajustement augmentent proportionnellement à l’ampleur de la manne de ressources naturelles. Les principaux résultats du modèle analytique sont au nombre de trois. Premièrement, plus la manne de ressources naturelles est importante, plus le niveau de capital public est faible, mais plus le niveau de redistribution par le biais de transferts est élevé. Deuxièmement, la faiblesse des capacités de l’État réduit l’augmentation du capital public optimal consécutive à l’apparition de la manne de ressources naturelles. Troisièmement, une productivité totale des facteurs plus élevée dans le secteur hors ressources naturelles réduit le degré de désinvestissement dans le capital public imposé par une capacité étatique plus faible. L’extension de notre modèle de base permet d’« investir dans l’investissement » – c’est-à-dire l’investissement public dans la capacité de l’État – en endogénisant le coût d’ajustement de l’investissement public. Les résultats des simulations numériques suggèrent, entre autres, qu’un stock initial plus élevé de « savoir-faire » possédé par les pouvoirs publics conduit à un niveau plus élevé d’investissement public optimal à la suite de l’apparition de la manne de ressources naturelles. Les implications de ces conclusions en termes de politique sont examinées. Codes JEL: H4, H5, H6.
Accords commerciaux régionaux, commerce intra-zone et Petites économies insulaires en développement
Authors: Didier Laurent
Published: May 2021

L’objectif de cet article est d’évaluer empiriquement l’impact des accords commerciaux régionaux auxquels participent les Petites économies insulaires en développement (PEID) sur les flux commerciaux bilatéraux des PEID avec les autres Etats membres à la fois au niveau agrégé et désagrégé des échanges de 1962 à 2014. Nous avons ainsi privilégié nos estimations sur les produits primaires étant donné leur forte concentration au sein de la spécialisation commerciale de la plupart des PEID. Les résultats, obtenus à partir d’un modèle de gravité structurel en panel, soulignent une hétérogénéité des effets de ces accords préférentiels sur les flux d’échange intra-zone des PEID qui varie en fonction du type d’accords (non réciproques, réciproques), de la nature des partenaires commerciaux (Nord-Sud, Sud-Sud) et des produits. L’intégration commerciale par le biais de ces accords commerciaux semble avoir un impact mitigé sur le commerce intra-zone des PEID pour les produits primaires. Codes JEL : F13, F15, P48, C23.
Tactical Thinking and its Relationship with Solving Mathematical Problems Among Mathematics Department Students
Authors: Hassan Majeed Ban , Fouad Jawad Lina , AlRikabi Haider Th. Salim
Published: May 2021

This research aims to know the essence of the correlative relationship between tactical thinking and solving mathematical problems. The researchers followed the descriptive research method to analyze relations, as all students from the mathematics department in the morning study were part of the research group. The research sample of (100) male and female students has been chosen based on the arbitrators' views. The tools for studying the sample of research composed of (12) items of the multiple-choice test in its final form to measure tactical thinking and require establish-ing a test of (6) test-type paragraphs to solve mathematical problems. The findings showed that sample students' tactical thinking and their capacity to overcome mathematical problems are flat-tering for all students.
Blended Learning of Management Courses Based on Learning Behavior Analysis
Authors: Liu Yang
Published: May 2021

The development of information and network technologies fundamentally changes the life, learning, and mindset of students. Teaching informatization is a key content of modern education, and the main direction of teaching reform. In this context, blended learning becomes the inevitable trend of teaching form development. Currently, the teaching of management courses in China faces several problems: the lack of overall planning of teaching design and organization, the low learning interest among students, and the failure of cultivating students’ comprehensive quality. To improve the teaching effect of management courses, this paper carries out a questionnaire survey on the learning behaviors of college students and their needs for blended learning. The survey results show that: the students are not accustomed to pre-class preview and after-class review; most students have the awareness and ability to solve problems with online information; most students are willing to accept blended learning, and expect teachers to provide teaching resources in the form of videos and electronic documents. On this basis, the authors developed an evaluation index system for blended learning according to the constituent factors of this teaching model, and designed a blended learning model for management courses through learning behavior analysis. The blended learning model was divided into three phases: pre-class, in-class, and after-class, and the online/offline teaching activities of teachers and students were detailed in each phase. To verify its application effect, the blended learning model was verified through comparative analysis from two aspects: learning behavior and learning effect. The results show that blended learning model achieves better learning participation, and teaching/learning effect than traditional teaching model, and helps to enhance the knowledge and comprehensive ability of the students. The research provides a reference for further research and application of blended learning in management courses, and boasts great theoretical and practical values.
A Resource Recommendation Algorithm for Online English Learning Systems Based on Learning Ability Evaluation
Authors: Zhou Zhenfang
Published: May 2021

Mature online English learning platforms should provide students with necessary learning resources, ensure efficient access to learning projects, and offer the optimal learning experience. However, the traditional recommendation methods for English learning resources cannot satisfy the in-depth learning demand of students. To solve the problem, this paper designs a resource recommendation algorithm for online English learning systems based on learning ability evaluation. Firstly, the workflow of the designed algorithm was introduced, and a four-layer test system was developed for students’ English learning ability evaluation. Next, an English learning ability evaluation method was proposed based on the maximum expectation algorithm, as well as the estimation methods for parameters like learning ability, degree of discrimination, difficulty, and guess coefficient. Experimental results demonstrated the good effect of the proposed resource recommendation algorithm. The research findings provide a reference for resource recommendation of other online learning systems.