bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical solution of different kinds of fractional‐order optimal control problems using generalized Lucas wavelets and the least squares method
Authors: Sabermahani S. , Ordokhani Y. , Razzaghi M.
Published: August 2024

Generalized Lucas wavelets (GLWs) have two more parameters ( and ), comparing with some existing classical wavelet functions. In this manner, we have different types of wavelet functions (orthogonal and non‐orthogonal) by choosing various values of parameters and . Due to the impressive feature of the GLWs, we design a new computational method for the solution of fractional optimal control problems and fractional pantograph optimal control problems. This technique uses the GLWs and least squares method. The scheme includes expanding the required functions using GLW elements. We present new Riemann–Liouville and pantograph operational matrices for GLWs. Applying the operational matrices and least squares method, the considered problems lead to systems of algebraic equations, which can be solved numerically. A brief discussion of the error of the estimate used is investigated. Finally, some numerical experiments are exhibited to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the suggested scheme. The proposed algorithm is easy to implement and presents very accurate results.
Development of polyvinylpyrrolidone‐based zinc oxide nanocomposites: An outstanding and inexpensive biocide for use on germicidal and photodegradation vitality
Authors: Dinesh R. , Sakthivel B. , Vijayakumar S. , Snega S. , Albeshr Mohammed F. , Praburaman L. , Prathipkumar S. , Vidhya E.
Published: August 2024

An environmentally sustainable method was used to synthesize a novel class of biopolymer‐based PVP/ZnO nanocomposites (NCs) with pomegranate peel residue extract as a biosurfactant, zinc acetate as the primary material, PVP as the stabilizing substance and sodium hydroxide as the resolving product. Significant global concerns for human health and the environment are caused by the presence of disease‐causing microbes and toxic dyes in water supplies. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) exhibit exceptional photocatalytic and antibacterial efficacy toward reactive dye and bacterial strains. The microstructure of the NPs was analyzed by employing X‐ray diffraction (XRD), with a size of 20.24 nm. Investigation using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) revealed the appearance of nanoflakes‐shaped PVP‐ZnO nanoparticles with a size ranging from 20 to 30 nm. The mixed composition of the nanoparticles was demonstrated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and an intensity of absorption at 346 nm was seen using UV–Vis spectroscopy. The PVP‐ZnO nanoparticles demonstrated exceptional photocatalytic efficacy, destroying about 90% of the reactive MB dye. The NPs exhibited antibacterial activity against E. aerogenes, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumonia, with boundaries of inhibition of 21, 19, 18, and 16 mm, correspondingly. The results indicate that PVP‐ZnO nanoparticles may be efficiently employed for water purification, successfully removing both dye and pathogenic pollutants.
Cellulose nanofibers from sugarcane bagasse and their application in starch‐based packaging films
Authors: Siriwong Chomsri , Sae‐oui Pongdhorn , Chuengan Saksit , Ruanna Monthita , Siriwong Khatcharin
Published: August 2024

Starch‐based biocomposites exhibit great potential as an alternative to fossil‐based materials. This work focused on investigating the properties of the starch‐based biocomposite reinforced by cellulose nanofibers derived from sugarcane bagasse (SCB). The sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration was varied from 4%, 8%, and 12% wt/vol for the SCB extraction process. The obtained nanofibers, respectively called SCBNF4, SCBNF8, and SCBNF12, were characterized by various techniques prior to being incorporated into modified starch (MS). The effects of the type and amount of SCBNF on the mechanical properties, thermal behavior, optical transparency, and moisture absorption of the biocomposite films were examined. All SCBNF samples had a cellulose type I structure with a diameter on the nanometer scale, regardless of the NaOH concentration. The SCBNF's diameter decreased, whereas the crystallinity index increased with increasing NaOH concentration. When incorporated into MS, the higher SCBNF loading resulted in enhancements of mechanical properties and resistance to moisture absorption with the sacrifice of optical transparency. The biocomposite filled with SCBNF12 exhibited better overall performance at a certain filler loading due to the greater filler‐polymer interaction. The benefits of greater strength, light weight, and eco‐friendliness of the developed biocomposites make them suitable for many applications, including packaging.

Highlights

Diameter and crystallinity index of SCBNF were governed by NaOH concentration.

Adding SCBNF to MS greatly improved the biocomposite's mechanical properties.

SCBNF12 showed the highest biocomposite's overall performance.

The maximum strength was achieved at 1 phr of SCBNFs.

The addition of SCBNFs reduced water and moisture absorption.
Real world prescription of beta‐blockers in patients with asthma
Authors: Lee Jihyun , Chun Pusoon
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the prescription of beta‐blockers (β‐blockers) for patients with asthma.

Methods

In this retrospective cross‐sectional study using the National Patient Sample (NPS) of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) of South Korea, β‐blockers and asthma medications were investigated using generic name codes provided by HIRA. Concomitant administration was identified when a β‐blocker and an asthma medication were co‐prescribed in one billing statement or when separate β‐blocker and asthma prescriptions had overlapping dates of use.

Results

In the 1027 patients with asthma who were prescribed non‐selective β‐blockers (non‐SBs), 3087 non‐SB prescriptions were identified, of which 62.3% and 37.3% were for carvedilol and propranolol, respectively. Of the 906 patients with asthma prescribed selective β‐blockers (SBs), 2942 SB prescriptions were identified, of which 48.5%, 28.3%, and 20.3% were for bisoprolol, atenolol, and nebivolol, respectively. Overall, 2149 non‐SB and 2124 SB prescriptions with overlapping use dates with asthma medications were identified, which were prescribed to 726 and 657 patients, accounting for 70.7% and 72.5% of the patients receiving non‐SBs and SBs, respectively. β2‐agonists accounted for 39.9% of the concomitant asthma medications with overlapping dates of use with non‐SBs. Co‐prescribing of bronchodilators occurred at a rate of 38.7% and 45.1% for the 3087 non‐SB prescriptions and 2942 SB prescriptions, respectively.

Conclusions

Carvedilol and propranolol accounted for half of all β‐blockers prescribed to asthma patients. Prescribing β‐blockers to patients with asthma requires caution to prevent exacerbation of asthma and drug interactions between β‐blockers and co‐prescribed asthma medications.
3D‐DIC for mechanical characterization of composite solid propellant under uniaxial compression
Authors: Ranjan Rajeev , Murthy H.
Published: August 2024

A novel experimental setup, utilizing 3D Digital Image Correlation (3D‐DIC), is employed to characterize the mechanical behaviour of composite solid propellant (CSP) under uniaxial compression at three displacement rates (1, 7, and 50 mm/min). At larger deformation, 3D‐DIC consistently shows smaller strains than nominal strain values, and this difference increases with deformation across all the displacement rates. Displacement rates significantly affect the non‐linear stress‐strain response of the CSPs. After the completion of the compression test, the specimen is unloaded, and the lengths of the unloaded specimens measured after 24 hour indicate a recovery of 90–94 % of the original length of the specimens. The recovered length increases with an increase in the displacement rate. Initially, Poisson's ratio is close to 0.5, and dilatation is zero, indicating an incompressible behaviour. However, both Poisson's ratio and dilatation increase with an increase in longitudinal strain, indicating a transition to compressible behaviour. Comparing the scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs of the virgin and compressive‐loaded samples, noticeable debonding is observed at the matrix‐particle interfaces.
Testing and approval standard development of online dissolved gas analysis monitors for oil‐filled transformers—Part I hydrogen monitors
Authors: Su Paul , Madan Rajni , Purushothaman Sujit
Published: August 2024

The failure of mineral oil‐filled transformers has been involved in numerous fire and explosion incidents during operations. The power industry has developed online dissolved gas analysis (DGA) monitoring systems capable of diagnosing transformer faults continuously. This study has established new test procedures and pass/fail criteria to evaluate the accuracy of online H2 monitors, resulting in the creation of a new approval standard.
High‐Performance Electrode for Energy Storage Developed Using Single‐Source Precursor‐Driven Bas:Cos:La2S3 Trichalcogenide Semiconductor
Authors: Jaffri Shaan Bibi , Ahmad Khuram Shahzad , Maley Niharika , Gupta Ram K. , Ashraf Ghulam Abbas , Al‐Ammar Essam A.
Published: August 2024

Using single‐source precursor route, this work reports the synthesis of the novel chalcogenide heterosystem, i.e., BaS:CoS:La2S3 trichalcogenide heterosystem. With the narrowed band gap energy, BaS:CoS:La2S3 expresses excellent photonic response with 3.47 eV of tailored band gap resulting from chemical synergism. This chalcogenide is marked by superior crystallinity and possessed an average crystallite size of 18.29 nm. Morphologically, BaS:CoS:La2S3 exists in the form of the roughly spherical grains arranged in the irregular manner. The developed chalcogenide is assessed for charge storage by fabricating the electrode using a nickel form as a support. In a 0.1 m KOH background electrolyte, the BaS:CoS:La2S3 adorns electrode excelled in achieving a specific capacitance of 967.24 F g−1. In addition, this trichalcogenide expresses the specific power density of 1659 W kg−1. Fabricated electrode retains original capacitance after different cycles. Regarding electrode–electrolyte interactions, the fabricated electrode shows minimal resistance, with an equivalent series resistance (Rs) of 1.42 Ω as indicated by impedance studies. Additional circuit elements, including CPE (Yo = 2.17 × 10−04, n = 0.71) and Rct (6.97 Ω cm−2), are obtained after circuit fitting for the BaS:CoS:La2S3 trichalcogenide decorated electrode. Exhibiting stable behavior for 43 h, the synthesized material demonstrates profound durability and functionality.
Influence of Aluminum Pillar Nanostructures on Thin‐Film Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Phengdaam Apichat , Sitpathom Nonthanan , Hong Minghui , Shinbo Kazunari , Kato Keizo , Baba Akira
Published: August 2024

This study explores the application of pillar nanostructures in organic solar cells (OSCs). The aluminum pillar nanostructures (AlPNSs) are fabricated on an active layer surface comprising of a blend poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) and [6,6]‐phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester using nanoimprinting. Aluminum back electrodes are formed, resulting in AlPNSs with an imprinted pattern height of 60 ± 6 nm and a pitch of 212 ± 49 nm. Atomic force microscope images and current density versus voltage curves are obtained for the fabricated devices, both with and without AlPNSs. The results indicate a solar cell efficiency increase of 15.16% in the AlPNS OSCs compared to the reference cells. To investigate the role of AlPNSs in the enhancement, impedance spectroscopy, incident photon‐to‐current efficiency, UV–Vis reflection spectroscopy, and finite‐difference time‐domain simulations are performed for the both devices. The results demonstrate that the combination of propagating surface plasmon resonance and light‐trapping properties due to AlPNSs significantly enhances the overall optical performance. This research provides new insights into the potential of imprinted nanostructures for enhancing OSC performance, including their plasmonic and optical characteristics.
Advancing software reliability with time series insights: A non‐autoregressive ANN approach
Authors: Sharma Shiv Kumar , Rana Rohit Kumar
Published: August 2024

Software reliability is a critical factor in assessing the health of software and identifying defects. Software reliability growth models (SRGM) are used to estimate the occurrence of software faults. There are various parameterized and non‐parameterized models of SRGM. These models effectively predict fault occurrence for limited testing conditions. To resolve this problem various neural and artificial neural network (ANN) models are proposed. A problem while using ANN is over‐fitting and under‐fitting. Non‐autoregressive time series models, including ANN variants, offer promising solutions to address under‐fitting issues in SRGM, providing enhanced predictive capabilities for fault occurrence across diverse testing conditions. This study proposes a modified version with a Bayesian regularization technique to address over‐fitting. This modification aims to enhance the suitability of the Bayesian regularization framework for nonlinear autoregressive (NAR) models by carefully adjusting regularization parameters. Comprehensive testing with real‐world software failure datasets is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results demonstrate that our modified approach improved generalization capabilities and increased prediction accuracy. The NAR‐ANN model exhibits a lower mean squared error of 0.12935 and a higher value of 0.99853.
Enhanced QSimon Algorithm for Attacking the Offset Two‐Round Scheme
Authors: Wu Hong‐Yu , Feng Xiao‐Ning , Zhang Ke‐Jia , Sun Hong‐Wei
Published: August 2024

QSimon algorithm (a full quantum version of Simon's algorithm) is used to find periods in commitment functions and does not require classical calculations. However, QSimon algorithm circuit is incomplete, and the implementation of an essential component (solving boolean linear equations) has high resource consumption. This work further studies QSimon algorithm and applies QSimon algorithm to attack the offset two‐round (OTR) scheme. QSimon algorithm is established by quantum boolean linear equations solving algorithm and general quantum truncation technique, which can obtain the period of any truncated function with overwhelming probability. The confidentiality and integrity of the OTR scheme are compromised by employing QSimon algorithm. The attacks ensure a high success rate and realize exponential speedup compared with classical versions.
Quantum‐Enhanced K‐Nearest Neighbors for Text Classification: A Hybrid Approach with Unified Circuit and Reduced Quantum Gates
Authors: Zeguendry Amine , Jarir Zahi , Quafafou Mohamed
Published: August 2024

Text classification, a key process in natural language processing (NLP), relies on the k‐nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm for its simplicity and effectiveness. Traditional methods often grapple with the high‐dimensional nature of textual data, leading to substantial computational demands. This study introduces a novel classical quantum k‐nearest neighbors (CQKNN) algorithm, which integrates quantum circuits into a conventional machine‐learning framework to enhance computational efficiency and reduce storage requirements. This hybrid approach uses a unified quantum circuit that simplifies multiple similarity calculations through mid‐circuit measurements and qubit reset operations, significantly improving upon traditional multi‐circuit quantum k‐nearest neighbors (QKNN) models. The CQKNN algorithm, tested on datasets such as SMS Spam Collection, Twitter US Airline Sentiment, and IMDB Movie Reviews, not only outperforms classical KNN but also addresses challenges posed by noisy intermediate‐scale quantum (NISQ) devices through advanced error mitigation techniques. This work highlights resource efficiency and reduced gate complexity and demonstrates the practical application of fidelity in quantum similarity calculations, setting new standards for quantum‐enhanced machine learning and advancing current quantum technology capabilities in complex data classification tasks.
Experimentally Demonstrating Indefinite Causal Order Algorithms to Solve the Generalized Deutsch's Problem
Authors: Liu Wen‐Qiang , Meng Zhe , Song Bo‐Wen , Li Jian , Wu Qing‐Yuan , Chen Xiao‐Xiao , Hong Jin‐Yang , Zhang An‐Ning , Yin Zhang‐Qi
Published: August 2024

Deutsch's algorithm is the first quantum algorithm to demonstrate an advantage over classical algorithms. Here, Deutsch's problem is generalized to functions and a quantum algorithm with an indefinite causal order is proposed to solve this problem. The algorithm not only reduces the number of queries to the black box by half compared to the classical algorithm, but also significantly decreases the complexity of the quantum circuit and the number of required quantum gates compared to the generalized Deutsch's algorithm. The algorithm is experimentally demonstrated in a stable Sagnac loop interferometer with a common path, which overcomes the obstacles of both phase instability and low fidelity of the Mach–Zehnder interferometer. The experimental results show both ultrahigh and robust success probabilities . This study opens a path toward solving practical problems with indefinite cause‐order quantum circuits.
Tremor Estimation and Removal in Robot‐Assisted Surgery Using Improved Enhanced Band‐Limited Multiple Fourier Linear Combiner
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Jia Boqiang , Ma Jianwei , Wang Xiaohua , Song Huajian
Published: August 2024

Background

During a robot‐assisted minimally invasive surgery, hand tremors in a surgeon's manipulation of the master manipulator can cause vibrations of the slave surgical instruments.

Methods

This letter addresses this problem by proposing an improved Enhanced Band‐Limited Multiple Linear Fourier Combiner (E‐BMFLC) algorithm for filtering the physiological tremor signals of a surgeon's hand. The proposed method uses the amplitude of the input signal to adapt the learning rate and a dense division of the combiner bands for the higher amplitude bands of the tremor signals.

Results

By using the proposed improved E‐BMFLC algorithm, the compensation accuracy can be improved by 4.5%–8.9%, as well as a spatial position error of less than 1 mm.

Conclusion

The results show that among all filtering methods, the improved E‐BMFLC filtering method has the highest number of successful experiments and the lowest experimental time.
Revealing Roles of High‐Electronegativity Fluorine Atoms in Boosting Redox Potential of Layered Sodium Cathodes
Authors: Jiao Jianyue , Zhao Enyue , Yin Wen , Che Jing , Cheng Yong , Xia Zhengchang , Xiao Xiaoling , Zhang Xingwang
Published: August 2024

The development of high‐energy‐density cathode materials is regarded as the ultimate goal of alkali metal‐ion batteries energy storage. However, the strategy of regulating specific capacity is limited by the theoretical capacity, and meanwhile focusing on improving capacity will lead to structural destructions. Herein, a novel perspective is proposed that tuning the electronic band structure by introducing highly electronegative fluoride atoms in NaxTMO2‐yFy (0 < x < 1, 0 < y < 2) model compounds to improve redox potential for developing high‐energy‐density layered oxides. Highly electronegative fluoride atoms is introduced into P2‐type Na0.67Fe0.5Mn0.5O2 (NFM), and the thus fluoride NFM (F‐NFM) cathode achieved high redox potential (3.0 V) and high energy density (446 Wh kg−1). Proved by structural characterizations, fluorine atoms are successfully incorporated into oxygen sites in NFM lattice. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy is applied to quantitatively analyze the improved redox potential of F‐NFM, which is achieved by the decreased valence band energy in electronic band structure due to the strongly electrophilic fluoride ions. Moreover, fluoride atoms can stabilize the local environment of NFM and improve its redox potential. The work provides a perspective to improve redox potential by tuning the electronic band structure in layered oxides and developing high‐energy‐density alkali metal‐ion batteries.
Triple Templates Directed Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Doped Hierarchically Porous Carbons from Pyridine Rich Monomer as Efficient and Reversible SO2 Adsorbents
Authors: Zhang Guanqing , Liu Fengqing , Zhu Qiliang , Qian Hao , Zhong Shouchao , Tan Jingze , Zheng Anmin , Liu Fujian , Jiang Lilong
Published: August 2024

Herein, a variety of 2,6‐diaminopyridine (DAP) derived nitrogen‐doped hierarchically porous carbon (DAP‐NHPC‐T) prepared from carbonization‐induced structure transformation of DAP‐Zn‐SiO2‐P123 nanocomposites are reported, which are facilely prepared from solvent‐free co‐assembly of block copolymer templates P123 with pyridine‐rich monomer of DAP, Zn(NO3)2 and tetramethoxysilane. In the pyrolysis process, P123 and SiO2 templates promote the formation of mesoporous and supermicroporous structures in the DAP‐NHPC‐T, while high‐temperature volatilization of Zn contributed to generation of micropores. The DAP‐NHPC‐T possess large BET surface areas (≈956–1126 m2 g−1), hierarchical porosity with micro‐supermicro‐mesoporous feature and high nitrogen contents (≈10.44–5.99 at%) with tunable density of pyridine‐based nitrogen sites (≈5.99–3.32 at%), exhibiting good accessibility and reinforced interaction with SO2. Consequently, the DAP‐NHPC‐T show high SO2 capacity (14.7 mmol g−1, 25 °C and 1.0 bar) and SO2/CO2/N2 IAST selectivities, extraordinary dynamic breakthrough separation efficiency and cycling stability, far beyond any other reported nitrogen‐doped metal‐free carbon. As verified by in situ spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, the pyridine‐based nitrogen sites of the DAP‐NHPC‐T boost SO2 adsorption via the unique charge transfer, the adsorption mechanism and reaction model have been finally clarified.
Functionalization of Silica Nanoparticles for Tailored Interactions with Intestinal Cells and Chemical Modulation of Paracellular Permeability
Authors: Iriarte‐Mesa Claudia , Bergen Janice , Danielyan Kristina , Crudo Francesco , Marko Doris , Kählig Hanspeter , Del Favero Giorgia , Kleitz Freddy
Published: August 2024

The intestinal compartment confines the gut microbiome while enabling food passage and absorption of active molecules. For the rational design of oral formulations aiming to overcome physiological barriers of the gut, it is crucial to understand how cells respond to the presence of nanoparticulate materials. Taking advantage of the versatility and biocompatibility of dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSNs), several post‐grafting strategies are developed to diversify the surface properties of spherical DMSNs and then probe interactions with the intestinal coculture cell model Caco‐2/HT29‐MTX‐E12. Herein, the functionalization of DMSNs with polyethylene glycol, phosphonate, methyl, and farnesol moieties enables the investigation of both particle penetration through the mucus layer and pathways relevant to intracellular uptake. Contributions of surface chemistry, charge, and colloidal stability are correlated with the modulation of particle movement through the mucus and the organization of cell–cell junctions. Hydrophilic and negative functionalities favor particle distribution toward the intestinal monolayer. Instead, hydrophobic DMSNs are hindered by the mucus, possibly limiting cell contact. Hybrid surfaces, combining phosphonate and long carbon chain functions, support diffusion through the mucus and foster the paracellular permeability as well as the transient barrier relapse, as indicated by increased cell–cell distances and reorganization of tight junctions.
Transparent Hole‐Selective Molybdenum Oxide Passivating Contact with Chlorine‐Based Interlayer Enabling 22.5% Efficient Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Bartholazzi Gabriel , Shehata Mohamed M. , Samundsett Christian , Macdonald Daniel H. , Black Lachlan E.
Published: August 2024

The need to increase transparency in existing passivating contacts for crystalline silicon solar cells has motivated the development of transparent contacts based on transition metal oxides (TMOs). Among hole‐selective materials, molybdenum oxide (MoOx) has achieved the greatest success so far. However, despite providing low contact resistivity, MoOx relies on an intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H(i)) interlayer to achieve high levels of surface passivation and thus high open‐circuit voltage at a device level, partially defeating the objective of improved transparency. Herein, we report unprecedented performance for a‐Si:H‐free MoOx‐based contacts by employing an alternative passivating interlayer based on a well‐engineered chlorine‐containing Al‐alloyed titanium oxide/titanium dioxide (AlyTiOx/TiO2 )stack. The resulting AlyTiOx/TiO2/MoOx stack achieved record levels of passivation, reaching J0 values as low as 16 fA cm−2, closer to values reported for a‐Si:H‐based contacts, while maintaining lower contact resistivity, well below 100 mΩ cm−2. Additionally, the stack presents improved transparency compared to a‐Si:H‐based contacts, with gains in short‐circuit current density of at least 0.8 mA cm−2. The work pushes the performance of hole‐selective passivating contacts based on TMOs to new levels, enabling a record efficiency of 22.53% for cells with fully transparent hole‐selective passivating contacts. This work serves as an important stepping stone toward low‐thermal‐budget, simple manufacturing of high‐efficiency solar cells.
Flexible Epitaxial Lift‐Off InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs Triple‐Junction Solar Cells Integrated with Micro/Nanostructured Polymer Film
Authors: Kim Ye‐Chan , Nguyen Thuy Thi , Pan Noren , Youtsey Chris , Kang Ho Kwan , Shin Hyun‐Beom , Jang Jae‐Hyung
Published: August 2024

Epitaxial lift‐off (ELO) InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs inverted metamorphic triple‐junction solar cells are encapsulated with a micro/nanostructured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film. The microprism array (MPA) is realized on the PDMS film to redirect the light incident on the metal grid line to the active area. Subwavelength structures (SWSs) are also introduced onto the PDMS film to suppress the Fresnel optical reflection loss. Triangular and hemicylindrical shapes are considered for the MPA. The optical responses of the two MPAs are calculated by using ray‐tracing methods. The triangular MPA performs better than the hemicylindrical MPA in terms of light‐redirection efficiency. It is confirmed that 82.0% of the light incident on the metal grid can be harvested by the effect of the triangular MPA and the Fresnel optical reflection loss is reduced effectively by the SWSs. These effects contribute to photocurrent enhancement. The short‐circuit current density and power conversion efficiency of the flexible ELO triple‐junction solar cells integrated with the micro/nanostructured PDMS film improve by 7.0% and 7.1%, respectively, compared with those of the solar cells without the PDMS film. By using the flexible PDMS film for light management, the flexibility of the ELO solar cells is preserved.
Quadruple therapies show a higher eradication rate compared to standard triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection within the LEGACy consortium. A multicenter observational study in European and Latin American countries
Authors: Medel‐Jara Patricio , Reyes Placencia Diego , Fuentes‐López Eduardo , Corsi Oscar , Latorre Gonzalo , Antón Rosario , Jiménez Elena , Miralles‐Marco Ana , Caballero Carmelo , Boggino Hugo , Cantero Daniel , Barros Rita , Santos‐Antunes João , Díez Marc , Quiñones Luis A. , Riquelme Erick , Rollán Antonio , Cerpa Leslie C. , Valdés Ivania , Nyssen Olga P. , Moreira Leticia , Gisbert Javier P. , Camargo M. Constanza , Ortiz‐Olvera Nayeli , Leon‐Takahashi Alberto M. , Ruiz‐Garcia Erika , Fernández‐Figueroa Edith A. , Garrido Marcelo , Owen Gareth I. , Cervantes Andrés , Fleitas Tania , Riquelme Arnoldo
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. Helicobacter pylori is the primary cause of GC; therefore, its eradication reduces the risk of developing this neoplasia. There is extensive evidence regarding quadruple therapy with relevance to the European population. However, in Latin America, data are scarce. Furthermore, there is limited information about the eradication rates achieved by antibiotic schemes in European and Latin American populations.

Objective

To compare the effectiveness of standard triple therapy (STT), quadruple concomitant therapy (QCT), and bismuth quadruple therapy (QBT) in six centers in Europe and Latin America.

Methods

A retrospective study was carried out based on the LEGACy registry from 2017 to 2022. Data from adult patients recruited in Portugal, Spain, Chile, Mexico, and Paraguay with confirmed H. pylori infection who received eradication therapy and confirmatory tests at least 1 month apart were included. Treatment success by each scheme was compared using a mixed multilevel Poisson regression, adjusting for patient sex and age, together with country‐specific variables, including prevalence of H. pylori antibiotic resistance (clarithromycin, metronidazole, and amoxicillin), and CYP2C19 polymorphisms.

Results

772 patients were incorporated (64.64% females; mean age of 52.93 years). The total H. pylori eradication rates were 75.20% (255/339) with STT, 88.70% (159/178) with QCT, and 91.30% (191/209) with QBT. Both quadruple therapies (QCT‐QBT) showed significantly higher eradication rates compared with STT, with an adjusted incidence risk ratio (IRR) of 1.25 (p: <0.05); and 1.24 (p: <0.05), respectively. The antibiotic‐resistance prevalence by country, but not the prevalence of CYP2C19 polymorphism, showed a statistically significant impact on eradication success.

Conclusions

Both QCT and QBT are superior to STT for H. pylori eradication when adjusted for country‐specific antibiotic resistance and CYP2C19 polymorphism in a sample of individuals residing in five countries within two continents.
Stemness, invasion, and immunosuppression modulation in recurrent glioblastoma using nanotherapy
Authors: Sarkar Shrita , Greer Jessica , Marlowe Nathaniel J. , Medvid Angeline , Ivan Michael E. , Kolishetti Nagesh , Dhar Shanta
Published: August 2024

The recurrent nature of glioblastoma negatively impacts conventional treatment strategies leading to a growing need for nanomedicine. Nanotherapeutics, an approach designed to deliver drugs to specific sites, is experiencing rapid growth and gaining immense popularity. Having potential in reaching the hard‐to‐reach disease sites, this field has the potential to show high efficacy in combatting glioblastoma progression. The presence of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) is a major factor behind the poor prognosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Stemness potential, heterogeneity, and self‐renewal capacity, are some of the properties that make GSCs invade across the distant regions of the brain. Despite advances in medical technology and MRI‐guided maximal surgical resection, not all GSCs residing in the brain can be removed, leading to recurrent disease. The aggressiveness of GBM is often correlated with immune suppression, where the T‐cells are unable to infiltrate the cancer initiating GSCs. Standard of care therapies, including surgery and chemotherapy in combination with radiation therapy, have failed to tackle all the challenges of the GSCs, making it increasingly important for researchers to develop strategies to tackle their growth and proliferation and reduce the recurrence of GBM. Here, we will focus on the advancements in the field of nanomedicine that has the potential to show positive impact in managing glioblastoma tumor microenvironment.

This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Effects of dissipation and radiation on the Jeffrey fluid flow in between nano and hybrid nanofluid subject to porous medium
Authors: Tanuja Thimlapura Nagaraju , Kavitha Linganna , Srilatha Pudhari , Khan Umair , Varma Sibyala Vijaykumar , Kumar Rangaswamy Naveen , Abdulrahman Amal , Abdou Mohammed Modather Mohammed
Published: August 2024

The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) movement of fluids through a porous material has a variety of uses such as distillation towers, heat exchangers, catalytic processes, magnetic field‐based wound treatments, cancer therapy and hyperthermia. This paper explores the complex dynamics of a three‐phase flow utilizing MHD Jeffrey fluid, which sits in between nano and hybrid (molybdenum disulphide [MoS2] and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes [MWCNTs]) nanofluids. The governing differential equations are derived for the physical flow model. The equations are reduced to dimensionless equations by using dimensionless parameters. The resultant equations are solved by using the regular perturbation technique. The results are analysed for various physical pertinent parameters through 2D/3D graphs. The heat transfer rate and volume flow rate are calculated for the left and right plates. This analysis also considers how the system's overall behaviour would be affected by radiation and dissipation effects. The results indicate that the magnetic parameter, electric parameter, quadratic convective parameter, Brinkman number and Grashof number significantly affect heat transfer enhancement. Fluid velocity can be reduced using radiation parameters, porosity, electric and magnetic parameters and velocity declines by Jeffrey parameters.
How Cyclists’ Body Posture Can Support a Cooperative Interaction in Automated Driving
Authors: Trommler Daniel , Ackermann Claudia , Raeck Dominik , Krems Josef F.
Published: August 2024

Automated driving is continuously evolving and will be integrated more and more into urban traffic in the future. Since urban traffic is characterized by a high number of space-sharing conflicts, the issue of an appropriate interaction with other road users, especially with pedestrians and cyclists, becomes increasingly important. This chapter provides an overview of the research project “KIRa” (Cooperative Interaction with Cyclists in automated Driving), which investigated the interaction between automated vehicles and cyclists according to four project aims. First, the investigation of body posture as a predictor of the cyclists’ starting process. Second, the development of a VR cycling simulation and validation in terms of perceived criticality and experience of presence. Third, the experimental evaluation of a drift-diffusion model for vehicle deceleration detection. And fourth, the investigation of factors affecting cyclists’ gap acceptance. With these research aims, it was the project’s intention to contribute to a better understanding of the cyclists’ perception of communication signals and to improve the ability of automated vehicles to predict cyclists’ intentions. The results can provide an important contribution to the cooperative design of the interaction between automated vehicles and cyclists.
‘To Have Security, to Have Access to Life’: Queer Ambivalence at the Borders of Marriage and the Nation
Authors: Brainer Amy
Published: August 2024

This chapter explores the financial, personal, and relational costs of marriage migration to the United States from a queer point of view. The analysis draws from in-depth interviews, online community forums, and content created by LGBTQ+ people and/or same-sex couples who have petitioned for status based on a fiancé or spousal relationship. The chapter specifically asks: How do the normative and normalizing systems of marriage and immigration impact the individual and the couple? To construct a ‘bona fide’ marriage in the eyes of the State, couples must meet an economic threshold and perform marital and family roles in ways that are intelligible to immigration officials, often sanitizing their relationships and identities in the process. Naturalization scripts are also sanitized and romanticized in the image of a colonial fantasy—US citizenship as an object of pure and even lifelong desire, rather than a complicated step and one compelled by the State. The focus here is on the affective experience of such normalization and the ambivalence people feel toward both the marriage and immigration systems in which their security is entangled.
Lack of standardisation in the management of complex tibial plateau fractures: a multicentre experience
Authors: Hörmandinger Christina , Bitschi David , Berthold Daniel P. , Neidlein Claas , Schroeder Lennart , Watrinet Julius , Pätzold Robert , Böcker Wolfgang , Holzapfel Boris Michael , Fürmetz Julian , Bormann Markus
Published: August 2024

Objective

In recent years, the trauma mechanisms and fracture types in tibial plateau fractures (TPF) have changed. At the same time, treatment strategies have expanded with the establishment of new classification systems, extension of diagnostics and surgical strategies. Evidence-based recommendations for treatment strategies are rare. The aim of this study is to assess the extent of standardization in the treatment of complex TPF.

Material and methods

For the study, specialists in trauma surgery/orthopaedics were presented thin-slice CT data sets of three complex TPFs including 3D reconstructions. A standardized questionnaire on fracture morphology and planned treatment strategy was then completed.

Results

A total of 23 surgeons from 7 hospitals (Trauma center levels I–III) were included.

All three fractures were most frequently classified as Schatzker type V (fracture I: 52.2%, II: 56.5%, III: 60%). Averaged over all three fractures, 55% of the respondents chose the same patient positioning. The combination of a posteromedial and anterolateral approach was the most frequently chosen approach at 42.7%. Double plating was favored for the surgical treatment of all fractures (70.7%). Preoperative MRI, extended approaches and intraoperative fraturoscopy were significantly more common in level I trauma centres.

Conclusion

There are major differences in the management of complex TPF. 360° treatment is carried out in all departments regardless of the level of care, but without further standardization in terms of preoperative imaging, classification, initial treatment, approach, fixation and intraoperative imaging. There are major differences within the departments with different level of care.
Lipophilic and polar extracts in the cork-rich bark of the Miombo species Parinari curatellifolia
Authors: Malengue Abílio Santos , Simões Rita , Miranda Isabel , Pereira Helena
Published: August 2024

The Miombo species Parinari curatellifolia has a bark with a cork-rich rhytidome that was studied here for the first time regarding extract yields and composition, using the complete rhytidome and also the separated cork fraction. The objective was to analyse their potential as sources of extracts with antioxidant activities aiming at increasing the species’ valorization and our knowledge on cork-rich barks.The content in total extractives was 6.1% and 8.4% in rhytidome and cork, respectively, with the lipophilic extracts soluble in dichloromethane corresponding to 23% and 38% of the total extracts, respectively. In cork, triterpenes and sterols were the main families of lipophilic components (58.9% and 20.8% of all compounds, respectively) while the rhytidome lipophilic extracts had a much higher content of long-chain lipids, including alkanoic acids and ɑ,ω-diacids (28.8% and 7.0%, respectively), with terpenes representing 27.7% and sterols 8.4% of all compounds. Aromatics were also present in significant amounts of 12.1%. Triterpenes included compounds known for various therapeutic properties, e.g. betulinic acid, corosolic acid, maslinic acid and ursolic acid, thereby explaining the use of P. curatellifolia in traditional medicine. Ethanol-water extracts contained phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins, and showed low (cork) or good (rhytidome) antioxidant properties. The outerbark of P. curatellifolia is therefore a potential source of bioactive compounds.
Public perception and acceptance of coypu Myocastor coypus removal in urban areas: influences of age and education
Authors: Viviano Andrea , De Meo Isabella , Mori Emiliano , Sergiacomi Carlotta , Paletto Alessandro
Published: August 2024

Monitoring and management of alien coypu (Myocastor coypus) is a key issue in Europe since this species has been included in the EU Invasive Alien Species Regulation 1143/2014. Thus, controlling the population of this rodent is considered as imperative by wildlife managers. Coypu management in urban areas is crucial considering potential conflicts with human activities. The aim of this study is to investigate citizens’ knowledge, perceptions and opinions towards the presence and management of coypu in a case study in Central Italy (the Serravalle urban park, Tuscany). The survey was administered to a subset of municipal residents and garnered responses from 281 park visitors. The outcomes showed a high level of knowledge of respondents: 99.3% of total respondents had heard of coypu before this survey, and 93.9% were able to distinguish the coypu from the Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber). Despite the importance of coypu control in invaded countries, our results highlight that most respondents are against the removal of coypu, with the exception of most young, highly-educated and upperclass men, but favouring sterilization over capture and population control. Findings of this study could assist managers in enhancing the efficacy of management efforts via an information initiative involving the general public. Achieving this goal may entail improved communication by wildlife managers, which is imperative for optimizing management strategies regarding alien species.
European farmhouse brewing yeasts form a distinct genetic group
Authors: Preiss Richard , Fletcher Eugene , Garshol Lars Marius , Foster Barret , Ozsahin Emine , Lubberts Mark , van der Merwe George , Krogerus Kristoffer
Published: August 2024

The brewing industry is constantly evolving, driven by the quest for novel flavours and fermentation characteristics that cater to evolving consumer preferences. This study explores the genetic and phenotypic diversity of European farmhouse yeasts, traditionally used in rural brewing practices and maintained outside of pure culture industrial yeast selection. We isolated landrace brewing yeast strains from diverse geographical locations across Europe, including Norway, Lithuania, Latvia, and Russia, and also included African farmhouse brewing strains from Ghana. Our genomic analysis using long-read and short-read whole genome sequencing uncovered a genetically distinct group that diverges from industrial brewing yeasts. This group, which is closely related to ale brewing strains, is preliminarily named the ‘European Farmhouse’ group and shows greater predicted admixture from Asian fermentation strains. Through genomic and phenotypic analyses, including flavour metabolite analysis via headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, sugar metabolite analysis via high-performance liquid chromatography, and wort fermentation analysis, we found a broad spectrum of fermentation capabilities, from rapid and efficient fermentation to unique aroma and flavour compound profiles, potentially offering novel traits for brewing applications. This study highlights the importance of preservation of brewing cultural heritage knowledge and resources including yeast cultures.

Key points

• A large set of geographically diverse farmhouse brewing strains were characterized

• Norwegian and Baltic farmhouse brewing strains form a distinct genetic group

• Farmhouse strains show considerable diversity in fermentation and flavour formation
Highlighting immune features of the tumor ecosystem and prognostic value of Tfh and Th17 cell infiltration in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by single-cell RNA-seq
Authors: Tian Yan , Liu Chao , Yang Wenhui , Li Xiaohui , Zhang Min , Xiong Yan , Ren Xueying , Ma Zhiguo , Jin Xuan , Wu Yanping , Dong Xin , Hu Nanlin , Xie Zhijun , Qin Yong , Wu Shikai
Published: August 2024

Background

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) typically present with a complex anatomical distribution, often accompanied by insidious symptoms. This combination contributes to its high incidence and poor prognosis. It is now understood that the immune features of cellular components within the tumor ecosystem and their complex interactions are critical factors influencing both tumor progression and the effective immune response.

Methods

We obtained single-cell RNA sequencing data of 26,496 cells from three tumor tissues and five normal tissues and performed subsequent analyses. Immunohistochemical staining on tumor sections was used to validate the presence of malignant cells. Additionally, we included bulk RNA sequencing data from 502 HNSCC patients. Kaplan–Meier analysis and the log-rank test were employed to assess predictors of patient outcomes.

Results

We identified three epithelial subclusters exhibiting immune-related features. These subclusters promoted the infiltration of T cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes into the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, cancer-associated fibroblasts displayed tumor-promoting and angiogenesis characteristics, contrasting with the predominant antigen-presenting and inflammatory roles observed in fibroblasts from normal tissues. Furthermore, tumor endothelial subsets exhibited a double-sided effect, promoting tumor progression and enhancing the effectiveness of immune response. Finally, follicular helper T cells and T helper 17 cells were found to be significantly correlated with improved outcomes in HNSCC patients. These CD4+ T cell subpopulations could promote the anti-tumor immune response by recruiting and activating B and T cells.

Conclusion

Our findings provide deeper insights into the immune features of the tumor ecosystem and reveal the prognostic significance of follicular helper T cells and T helper 17 cells. These findings may pave the way for the development of therapeutic approaches.
Real-life clinical benefit of oral metronomic cyclophosphamide administration in elderly and heavily pretreated epithelial ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Attianese Daniela , Massobrio Roberta , Giorgi Margherita , Villa Michela , Fuso Luca , Badellino Enrico , Bellero Marco , Ferrero Annamaria
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Oral metronomic cyclophosphamide (OMC) implicates the daily administration of low doses of chemotherapy. Its antitumor activity combined with an oral administration route and a good toxicity profile makes OMC an attractive option for heavily pretreated patients. We retrospectively evaluated OMC’s clinical benefit and objective response in recurrent ovarian cancer patients.

Methods

This is a retrospective observational study involving patients treated with OMC (50 mg daily) from 2017 to 2022 at the Academic Division Gynaecology, Mauriziano Hospital, Torino, Italy. Clinical benefit assessment included CA125 response, radiological response, and reported symptomatic improvement. Toxicities were reported using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0.

Results

Thirty-eight patients (average age 72, range 49–88) were included. 90% had FIGO stage III/IV at diagnosis and 64% underwent ≥ 3 previous lines of chemotherapy. Before OMC, 79% had ECOG 1 or 2. 8.6% of patients had a partial response (PR), and 40% a stable disease (SD). Median duration of response was 7.4 months. After 3 months on OMC, 51% experienced symptom improvement, and 53.3% experienced Ca125 reduction or stabilization. 66.7% of patients older than 75 responded to treatment; in 40% of cases, responses lasted ≥ 6 months (p = 0.08). No G3-4 hematological toxicities occurred. Nausea and fatigue G1–G2 were reported in 5 (13%) and 13 (34%) cases, respectively.

Conclusion

OMC is a feasible therapeutic option for recurrent ovarian cancer, providing satisfying clinical responses with a good toxicity profile, even in elderly and heavily pretreated patients with a suboptimal performance status.