bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Dynamic Assessment on Grammar Achievement of Iranian Third Grade Secondary School EFL Learners
Authors: Daneshfar Samran , Aliasin Seyed Hesamuddin , Hashemi Ali
Published: March 2018

The present study intends to investigate the effect of dynamic assessment (DA) on EFL learners' grammar knowledge. Based on Murphy, DA originates with the workings of the Russian psychologist and its basis is rooted in his outstanding concept of the zone of proximal development (2008). Embedding instruction and assessment through mediation, DA distinguishes learning potential and promotes development in relation to this potential (Lantolf, 2009, p.360). This study inspects the difference between applying dynamic and non-dynamic (static) assessment of Third Grade Secondary School EFL learners' grammar achievement. Therefore, 86 male and female participants (in segregated groups) were investigated to explore the purpose of the study. The consequences of applying DA on both female and male learners, i.e. an experimental and a control group for each gender, were discovered through the current research. First, a pre-test, then a post-test (it was the same as the pre-test) were administered to the applicants to show the possible changes after a period of six mediated sessions. The outcomes of the study presented that dynamic assessment had a significant improvement in participants' grammar achievement.
A Study of Negative Language Transfer in College Students’ Writing from Cultural Perspective
Authors: Bai Lin , Qin Jie
Published: March 2018

Language and culture are closely related with each other and they are inseparable. Language, as a vehicle of culture, is as well culture’s manifestation. Transfer, as an important notion in Second Language Acquisition (SLA), states the situation of previously existing knowledge being extended and expanded to the gaining of new knowledge. Language transfer can be classified into positive, negative and zero transfer. As for the definition of positive transfer, it is the transfer that helps or facilitates language learning in another situation. Negative transfer is one that interferes with language learning in another situation. How to utilize the positive transfer and avoid negative transfer is of great significance in Foreign Language Teaching (FLT). Aiming to improve college students’ English writing, the author tries to analyze the negative transfer from the cultural perspective. With the guidance of the theory of Language Transfer, the author carries out a research on the students’ writing tasks. Based on the research, author has discovered the interference of their mother tongue in students’ writings shown in idioms, cultural terms and conventions in expression. Therefore, the students are not free to use language to explain their arguments. The study also found these negative transfer are mostly generated by cultural difference. The sources of negative transfer include in the three aspects which are thinking mode, aesthetic perception and religious belief. Thus students should find some solutions and avoid negative transfer efficiently.
Teacher Talk in an EFL Classroom: A Pilot Study
Authors: Jing Nana , Jing Junrui
Published: March 2018

This study explored a non-native English teacher’s teacher talk in an EFL classroom through the qualitative research methodology. The study also aimed to find out the characteristics of EFL teacher talk and to explain them. The study mainly employed video-recorded classroom data for analysis, taking classroom observation as the supplement. The study shows that teacher talk nowadays still conforms to the widely acknowledged IRF pattern, which is in line with previous studies conducted on teacher talk. The study also tries to explore the use of L1 in EFL classroom. It shows that the EFL teacher uses Chinese mainly for three functions as explaining complex structures, ushering cultural knowledge and activating class atmosphere taking into account students’ low language proficiency level; besides, non-verbal discourse is also widely displayed in EFL classroom to support the teacher talk.
Comparative Analysis of Architecture Research Article Abstracts Written by Native and Non-native Authors: A Cross-linguistic, Cross-cultural Study
Authors: Noorizadeh-Honami Leila , Chalak Azizeh
Published: March 2018

It is increasingly becoming important to focus on the rhetorical aspects of texts used for creating different discourse types. In point of fact, the abstract section of scientific articles possesses a rhetorically defined structural framework which is very often culture specific. As such, the present study aimed to investigate the abstract section of the articles written by English and Persian authors, in order to explore whether they followed a similar structural pattern. To this end, a corpus of 60 English and Persian abstracts, thirty each, was randomly selected from English ISI journals and Iranian scientific journals and analyzed based on the IMRD framework introduced by Swales (1990). Findings of this study revealed that most English and Persian authors used the IMRD model in the structure of their abstracts; although, the frequency of occurrence of each move was different. In terms of moves’ sequence, all the used patterns were analyzed and I-M-R-D and I-M-R were identified as the most frequent patterns used in both groups. Findings of this study may have implications for Iranian authors who seek to publish their studies in reputable international journals.
The Influence of the Difference between Chinese and Western Culture on Advertising Translation and Strategy
Authors: Zheng Xin
Published: March 2018

Since China became a member of the WTO in 2001, more and more Chinese products have an opportunity to enter the international market, and begin to compete with foreign brands. Advertising as a means of mass media, it happens able to introduce the foreign goods to domestic consumers, and to promote the Chinese products to foreign consumers. In such a social background, the importance of advertising translation has become increasingly prominent. The paper tries to analyze the characteristics of advertising language and the influence of the difference between Chinese and western culture on advertising translation by organizing the successful and unsuccessful English and Chinese advertising translation corpus collected over the several years. It pointed out that the advertising translation not only achieves the purpose of language conversion, but also takes into account the influence of language and cultural differences. Finally, through the analysis of advertising language, exploring some effective translation methods and strategies, such as: literal translation, free translation, amplification, corresponding translation and creative translation, which can put forward reference and guidance on advertising translation so that the author can achieve the properly translation of advertising. Hope to assist advertising translators.
A Descriptive Study of Life Syllabus in Assessing Proficiency Level and Collocational Categories of Iranian EFL Learners
Authors: Hajebi Mustapha
Published: March 2018

This research is done to prove the effect of life syllabus in assessing proficiency level and collocational categories of Iranian EFL learners. To this end, four hundred and twenty EFL learners from Yazd and Shiraz universities were selected. They were in intermediate and advanced proficiency groups. The participants were assigned into three groups of one hundred and forty learners and took each of the tests separately. The result appeared to manifest that learners’ perception improve by advanced learners who received life syllabus instructions. It also yielded compelling reason to argue that advanced participants based on life syllabus performed more efficiently compared to their intermediate peers and indicated more collocational competence. The study suggested important implications for language learners, EFL instructors and materials developers.
Analysis of “Chinglish” Phenomenon in the Translation of Chinese Public Signs
Authors: Han Luyao
Published: March 2018

Public signs nowadays can be seen everywhere and applied in various public areas, the purpose of which is to provide some necessary indicative information for the international tourists or workers, facilitate their life and work, and also attract foreign investments. However, not all the bilingual public signs are translated appropriately, the quality of current translation is not very satisfactory owing to some internal and external reasons, thus the consequence of this inappropriate language using in public signs brought about the so-called Chinglish phenomenon, Chinglish is that misshapen, hybrid language that is neither English nor Chinese but can be described as English with Chinese characteristics, usually is unintelligible to the foreigners, which hinders the development of translation for communicating with foreigners. The thesis mainly concerns the causes of the emergence of Chinglish public signs which will be discussed from the cultural and linguistic dimensions in terms of various examples, the rest of the content will talk about the normal standard of Chinese-English sign language translation for eliminating Chinglish and attaining an unimpeded and efficient translation.
A comparative study on efficacy of nepafenac and flurbiprofen in maintenance of intraoperative mydriasis during cataract surgery: an open label randomized controlled trial
Authors: Prakash Sanjana , Bhandare Basavaraj , V. Satyanarayana , Kumar Kaushal
Published: March 2018

Background: Surgery on the ocular tissue brings about activation of phospholipase A3 thereby releasing prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Prostaglandins bring about meiosis during surgery, changes in IOP, conjunctival hyperaemia. Newer topical NSAID’s Nepafenac and Flurbiprofen are potent inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase enzyme thereby inhibiting the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of preoperative use of topical Nepafenac (0.1%) and Flurbiprofen (0.03%) in maintenance of intraoperative mydriasis during cataract surgery.Methods: A randomised, comparative study was performed on 104 patients, 52 were allocated in each group and were given either of the topical NSAID’s Nepafenac or Flurbiprofen prior to cataract surgery. Pupillary diameter was measured at the beginning and at the end of the surgery and the values were compared between the groups. Mean and standard deviation was calculated and between two groups comparison was done using students t-test.Results: The mean pupillary diameter of the two groups were comparable at the beginning of surgery (p=0.34). The mean change in the pupillary diameter was 1.86±0.71mm in the Nepafenac group and 1.77±0.72mm in the Flurbiprofen group. There was no statistically significant difference among both the groups in maintenance of intraoperative mydriasis (p=0.47).Conclusions: Pre-operative use of Nepafenac and Flurbiprofen were equally effective in preventing meiosis during cataract surgery.
Study of prescription pattern in a tertiary care hospital in Chhattisgarh, India: an observational study
Authors: Raj Purnima , Choudhury Subhankar , Kundu Sumati , Patel Satyam , Sidar Bhagwati
Published: March 2018

Background: Prescription audit is one of the methods to assess the drug utilization pattern and rational use of drugs. In our country the value of drugs prescribed is in crores but a significant proportion of drugs is prescribed irrationally. This is probably due to defect in prescription pattern, lack of knowledge in health care personnel, pressure from drug manufacturing companies and many more. To promote rational use of drugs, standard policies must be set and this can be achieved only after auditing current prescription practices.Methods: A prospective study was carried out in Medical college hospital, Raigarh in the month of January 2018. Around 1000 prescriptions were collected randomly from pharmacy and the prescriptions were analysed on various parameters like patient’s demography, parts of a prescription, information related to doctor and drugs.Results: In this study, we found that percentage of generic drugs were 58.02% and 70.43% drugs were from essential drug list. Only 13.19% FDCs were used. 34 prescriptions were illegible and capital letters were used only in 26 prescriptions. We also found deficiency in parts of a prescription like inscription part (13.3%), subscription part (26.9%) and in doctor’s identity (33.2%). The majority of drugs were antimicrobials (23.81%) followed by anti-inflammatory and analgesics (21.1%).Conclusions: This study shows that the use of generic drugs and essential drugs is on the lower side as compared to standard guidelines. The prescription pattern was defective in many prescriptions. This study shows incompleteness of prescriptions and proper steps are needed to guide the physicians to promote rational use of drugs.
Spectrophotometric assessment of effect of aqueous extract of Aloe vera on rabbit erythrocytes in varying concentrations of saline
Authors: Tiwari Vikalp , Tiwari Ashutosh , Solanki Mishra Pooja , Maheshwari Vatsala
Published: March 2018

Background: Hemolytic disorders are one of the prime reasons for frequent blood transfusions which involves lots of costs and sufferings to the patient. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of water soluble extract of Aloe vera on rabbit erythrocytes in varying concentrations of NaCl from 0.9% (isotonic) to 0.15% (hypotonic).Methods: Aqueous extract of Aloe vera (AVE) 200mg/kg was orally administered to rabbits in the test group while control group was given 1ml of distilled water (DW). Blood was withdrawn from rabbits, centrifuged and suspension in 1ml of normal saline was made. 20 microliter of red blood cells suspension from both control and test groups was added to normal saline of varying concentrations from 0.9% to 0.15% NaCl which were quantitatively analysed for hemolysis by UV spectrophotometer. Data was analysed by unpaired t test and P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The difference in percentage of hemolysis in both test and control groups was not statistically significant. Therefore, acute administration of water soluble extract of Aloe vera (200mg/kg) did not have protective effect on rabbit erythrocytes against hypotonic solution of normal saline.Conclusions: Aloe vera might be useful for the treatment of oxidative stress-related human disorders by virtue of its antioxidant activity and may have a role in prevention of hemolysis which needs to be explored by further studies.
Analgesic activity of allopurinol and febuxostat in experimental animals
Authors: P. Sahu Yajnesh , Pandey Sachchidanand , Mohapatra Sabita
Published: March 2018

Background: Currently, two classes of analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioid analgesics are used to manage pain in different clinical situations. Chronic uses of these drugs have various adverse effects like gastric ulceration/bleeding, analgesic nephropathy and respiratory depression, physical dependence, addiction, respectively. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors, used for chronic gout, might have a role in alleviation of pain, as per literature survey. Hence, the present study was carried out to evaluate the potential analgesic activity of allopurinol and febuxostat in different experimental models.Methods: The analgesic activity of allopurinol and febuxostat was assessed by employing two different experimental pain models-tail flick latency model in rats for central analgesia and acetic acid induced writhing model in mice for peripheral analgesia and was compared with tramadol and aspirin.Results: Allopurinol and febuxostat produced significant central and peripheral analgesic effects as is evident from increase in reaction time in tail flick test and inhibition in number of writhes in acetic acid induced writhing test.Conclusions: The results of the present study demonstrate marked analgesic effect of allopurinol and febuxostat.
Unscarred uterine rupture: a retrospective analysis in tertiary center
Authors: Verma Madhureema , Bairwa Radheshyam
Published: March 2018

Background: Uterine rupture is a catastrophic obstetrical emergency associated with a significant fetomaternal morbidity and mortality. Many risk factors for uterine rupture, as well as a wide range of clinical presentations have been identified. The objectives of the present study were to analyze the frequency, predisposing factors, maternal and fetal outcomes of unscarred uterine rupture.Methods: A retrospective analysis of cases of unscarred uterine rupture was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Jhalawar medical college Jhalawar Rajasthan from January 2009 to December 2016.Results: Our analysis comprised of 11 cases with unscarred uterine rupture. Incidence of unscarred uterine rupture is 0.01% or 1/10,000  deliveries.Conclusions: In our study there was no history of uterine scarring so the main predisposing factor are maltiparity and obstructed labour. The grand multiparas women and obstructed labour must be managed by proper trained personnel and in tertiary care center in order to avoid the morbidity and mortality.
Incidence of types of hypospadias in and around Tumkur district, Karnataka, India: an anatomical classification
Authors: N. M. Suresh , Kattepura Subramanya , Yathindra N. , Hussain Afroze Khizer
Published: March 2018

Background: Hypospadias is the second most common congenital anomaly in children. It is characterized by the abnormal ventral opening of the urethral meatus. Abnormal urethral opening may be located on the penile shaft, scrotum or perineum respectively. This article mainly deals with the embryology, etiology, anatomy and incidence of different types of hypospadias in Tumakuru rural district.Methods: This study was interdepartmental and prospective, consisting of 80 cases conducted at department of pediatric surgery and Anatomy and the period of study was from April 2013 to March 2017. The hypospadias have been classified into 1) Proximal hypospadias 2) Midshaft hypospadias, 3) Distal Hypospadias according to the location of external urethral opening.Results: Out of the 80 cases, distal hypospadias is the most common incidence followed by midshaft and proximal hypospadias.Conclusions: The condition is repairable in the vast majority of cases, leaving a functional and normal looking penis. Early diagnosis and surgical intervention, hypospadias and chordee repair procedures are highly successful and can avoid the emotional distress.
Comparative study of ropivacaine with ropivacaine-fentanyl and ropivacaine-fentanyl- magnesium sulfate in epidural anesthesia for lower limb surgeries
Authors: Gupta Arushi , Tiwari Tanmay , Kapoor Rajni , Malik Anita , Abbas Haider , Singh Prem Raj
Published: March 2018

Background: Epidural anesthesia is currently one of the most used technique for patients undergoing lower limb surgery. Dose sparing action of one adjuvant for another in epidural anesthesia with local anesthetic drugs for providing quality care to the patient remains controversial. Aims of the present study was to compare and study the properties 0.75% Ropivacaine alone (R) with 0.75% Ropivacaine-Fentanyl (RF) and 0.75% Ropivacaine-Fentanyl-Magnesium sulfate (RFM) in epidural anesthesia for lower limb surgeries. Study design was prospective randomized double blind study.Methods: Patients between 18-60 years of age of ASA physical status class I and II undergoing lower limb surgeries were randomly allocated into 3 groups of 20 each. Total volume in epidural space given was 17ml in all 3 groups. Group R (n=20) received 15ml of 0.75% Ropivacaine with 2ml of normal saline, Group RF (n=20) received 15ml of 0.75% Ropivacaine with 50mg of fentanyl (1ml) and 1ml normal saline and Group RFM (n=20) received 15ml of 0.75% Ropivacaine with 50mg of fentanyl (1ml) and 100mg MgSO4 (1ml). Patients were then studied for hemodynamic profile, various block characteristics and side effects. Statistical analysis used was ANOVA, paired t-test, Chi-square and post hoc test were used. P <0.05 was considered significant.Results: All three groups had stable hemodynamic parameters with Group RFM showing better block characteristics (p <0.001) in terms of time for achieving onset of analgesia, time for achieving T10 sensory blockade, time for requirement of first epidural top up, time for achieving motor Blockade, time for complete recovery of motor blockade with no significant differences in the side effect profile.Conclusions: Epidural anesthesia for lower limb surgeries may have better block characteristic parameters if a combination of Ropivacaine-fentanyl-magnesium sulphate is used in comparison with ropivacaine-fentanyl or ropivacaine alone.
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in patients with peptic ulcer disease
Authors: Uppin Mrutyunjay I. , Hannurkar Kapildev K.
Published: March 2018

Background: Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) emerges throughout the world and instigates peptic ulcer disease (PUD). The study was conducted with the aim to determine the prevalence of H. pylori in patients with PUD undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 150 cases of PUD from August 2009 to February 2011. Endoscopy was done in all cases. Biopsy was done and sent for histopathological examination and rapid urease test for confirmation of presence of H. pylori.Results: Out of 150 patients with mean age of 45.76 years, 109 patients were diagnosed to have been infected with Helicobacter pylori (72.66%). Out of 89 patients with gastric ulcer, 61 patients were infected with Helicobacter pylori (68.53%). Forty two out of 51 patients (82.35%) with duodenal ulcers and 06 of 10 patients (60%) with carcinoma of stomach were positive for H. pylori. The remaining patients were found to be negative for the H. pylori infection.Conclusions: The findings of the study conclude that H. pylori was consistently associated with PUD.
The depth of the facial nerve in the mastoid bone
Authors: Kumar B. Y. Praveen , Chandrashekhar K. T. , Veena Pani M. K. , K. C. Sunil , S. Anand Kumar , . Thanzeemunisa , Leivang Vanlalhriati
Published: March 2018

Background: The hallmark of the temporal bone is variation. Various important structures like the facial nerve run in the temporal bone at various depths which can be injured during mastoidectomy.

Methods: Twenty wet cadaveric temporal bones were dissected. A cortical mastoidectomy was performed followed by a canal wall down mastoidectomy and the depth of the vertical segment of the facial nerve in the mastoid was determined.  

Results: The mean depth of the second genu was 13.82 mm. The mean depth of the stylomastoid foramen was 12.75 mm and the mean distance from the annulus at 6’0 clock to the stylomastoid foramen was 10.22 mm.

Conclusions: There is significant variation in the average depth of the facial nerve in the mastoid. 
An epidemiological study of sexually transmitted diseases cases at STD clinic, Gorakhpur
Authors: Singh Santosh Kr , Kumar Naveen , Gupta Anil Kr , Mohan Lalit , . Sushantika , Mohammad Ali
Published: March 2018

Background: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have been considered as a major health problem, in developing countries like India. Knowledge regarding pattern and prevalence of different STIs is very important to implement proper strategies to control the STDs. The aim of this study is to understand the pattern and prevalence of different sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in eastern Uttar Pradesh.

Methods: This is a retrospective observational study. Records of all the patients who had attended the STI clinic from January 2013 to December 2017 in Tertiary care Hospital, Gorakhpur have been analysed.

Results: The commonest STD was herpes genitalis 24.04% and condylomata acuminata 23.51% respectively. The prevalence of combined gonococcal/non gonococcal urethritis and bacterial vaginosis accounts for 23.84% and HIV was detected in 13.19% of the patients. There is a decline in occurrence of Syphilis with prevalence of 5.74%.

Conclusions: There is increased prevalence of viral STIs and decline in bacterial STIs seen, probably due to easy access of antibiotics to common people.
Investigation of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Mentha spicata L. subsp. spicata and M. longifolia (L.) L. subsp. typhoides (Briq.) Harley Decoction and Infusion
Authors: Özer Züleyha
Published: March 2018

In present study, we report phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of decoction
and infusion of Mentha spicata L. subsp. spicata
and M. longifolia (L.) L. subsp. typhoides (Briq.) Harley. The quantitative
amounts of the phenolic contents were determined by LC-MS/MS.  The main compounds and amounts of M. spicata were
determined as follow for decoction; caffeic acid, quercetagetin-3,6-dimethylether
and penduletin (4126.6; 2141.5; 1472.7 mg/kg dried herba, respectively), for infusion;
fumaric acid, t-ferulic acid and caffeic acid (4220.1; 1148.7; 1064.1 mg/kg dried herba,
respectively).  While phenolic
compounds in M. longifolia decoction were
presented as follow; rosmarinic acid, luteolin and
quercetagetin-3,6-dimethylether (1570.7; 460.9; 420.2 mg/kg dried herba, respectively), for
infusion; rosmarinic acid, luteolin and fumaric acid (620.9; 518.2; 489.8 mg/kg dried herba,
respectively). Also the antioxidant activities were determined based on three methods:
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, β-carotene
linoleic acid assays and cupric (Cu2+) ion reducing power
assay (CUPRAC).  For all the activity assays, infusion and decoction
of the samples showed good activity.
Pulsos y probabilidad de ocurrencia de inundación de la laguna de Fúquene
Authors: Jimenez-Sanchez Juan David , Villamizar-Martin Jimmy , Zamudio-Huertas Eduardo
Published: March 2018

Se evalúan en este trabajo los registros diarios de los niveles de agua que se obtienen de la estación limnimétrica Chalet Norte con código 2401720 ubicada en la Laguna de Fúquene y operada por la CAR (Corporación Autónoma Regional de Cundinamarca). El periodo de análisis fue desde el año 1996 hasta Abril de 2017, con el fin de hallar los pulsos de inundación ajustados a los niveles de agua según diferentes categorías de amenaza de inundación de la Laguna. Además se incluye el régimen temporal mensual de las diferentes categorías de amenaza de inundación, se determinaron los años y meses más lluviosos. Se analizó la probabilidad de ocurrencia de cuantos días continuos puede igualar o  exceder el nivel de referencia para las diferentes categorías de amenaza. Con la información anterior se analizó la importancia de proporcionar factores de seguridad y de prevención en las obras ingenieriles de la Laguna de Fúquene, y las cuencas aledañas con áreas de afectación y zonas perimetrales, que se ven afectadas por el cambio de nivel de la Laguna.
A passive optical bidirectional network design with Spectral partitioning of a wide band font
Authors: Castellanos-Casas Juan Sebastián , Rojas-Piña Carlos Sebastián , Puerto-Leguizamón Gustavo Adolfo
Published: March 2018

This paper presents the design of a passive optical network that approach the totally wide band of a light font in order to generate differents carrier signals that can be approach for a considerable cuantity of ussers much better and more like than the actually passive optical networks and realize a variety of network when the principle is a unique light font with download and upload carriers throught the same network instead a unique light font to unique user. Inside the design, the spectral partitionign is approach in the way that divides the light Font with a sepparation of 0,11nm between the carriers, consider the wide band LED has 100nm of bandwith, in order to obtain a high number of carriers in the third window. Approaching this fenomenum, the costs in the implementations could be reduced in the PON systems.
Beyond the MDG water target to universal water coverage in Ghana: the key transformative shifts required
Authors: Monney Isaac , Antwi-Agyei Prince
Published: March 2018

Ghana achieved its Millennium Development Goal (MDG) water target about a decade before the 2015 deadline. However, as the world shifts focus to achieving sustainable universal water coverage, there is the need for redoubled efforts to keep up this feat. This paper examines the success drivers and the major transformative shifts required to sustain efforts in Ghana's water sector. The findings indicate that the successes chalked in Ghana's water sector have been largely fuelled by strong donor support and a well organised institutional and policy framework. About 90% of funding for the sector has been contributed by donors and creditors while actual government expenditure remains below 0.5% of GDP. The country has a strong policy and institutional framework guiding developments in the water sector. Nevertheless, the dwindling donor support, poor cost recovery mechanisms in the sector, ineffective strategies for ensuring human right to water, unbridled pollution of freshwater resources, poor borehole construction, and poor environmental sanitation across the country threaten to unwind the progress made in the sector. Without a paradigm shift, these could potentially derail efforts at achieving and sustaining universal water coverage. The paper discusses how these issues can be addressed to ensure universal access to potable water in the country.
Three-dimensional modeling of steady-state flow in lake bank filtration – Brazil
Authors: Rocha Silvia Fernandes , Marques Eduardo Antonio Gomes
Published: March 2018

Lake bank filtration (LBF) is an alternative technique of water catchment. LBF has been used by several countries for more than 100 years as pre-treatment for water supply and hydrogeological characterization studies. LBF studies are still recent and essentially focus on water quality with little or no hydrogeological approach. The benefits obtained through this technique were the reason for the implementation of a pilot project on LBF on the lake banks of the ‘lake’ at the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV) in the city of Viçosa (MG), southeastern Brazil. Several hydrogeological studies were carried out in this research. In this article, we highlight the study by means of three-dimensional modeling of steady-state flow to learn the characteristics of the aquifer and its interaction with the ‘lake’. The three-dimensional numerical model of steady-state flow was elaborated for interpretative and predictive purposes. The results demonstrated the potential of the LBF system and how it can be used as an alternative for the UFV campus. The exposed scenario can help groundwater management in the study area.
Improve the biodegradability of post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater with ozone: conversion of phenols and N-heterocyclic compounds
Authors: Yang Libin , Si Buchun , Martins Marcio Arêdes , Watson Jamison , Chu Huaqiang , Zhang Yuanhui , Tan Xiaobo , Zhou Xuefei , Zhang Yalei
Published: March 2018

Hydrothermal liquefaction is a promising technology to convert wet biomass into bio-oil. However, post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater (PHWW) is also produced during the process. This wastewater contains a high concentration of organic compounds, including phenols and N-heterocyclic compounds which are two main inhibitors for biological treatment. Thus, proper treatment is required. In this work, ozone was used to convert phenols and N-heterocyclic compounds with a dosage range of 0–4.64 mg O3/mL PHWW. After ozone treatment, the phenols were fully converted, and acids were produced. However, N-heterocyclic compounds were found to have a low conversion rate (21.7%). The kinetic analysis for the degradation of phenols and N-heterocyclic compounds showed that the substitute played an important role in determining the priority of ozone reactions. The OH moiety in the ring compounds (phenols and pyridinol) may form hydroxyl radical, which lead to an efficient reaction. A substantial improved biodegradability of PHWW was observed after ozone treatment. The ratio of BOD5/COD was increased by about 32.36%, and reached a maximum of 0.41. The improved biodegradability of PHWW was justified by the conversion of phenols and N-heterocyclic compounds.
Rheology and friction loss of raw and digested sewage sludge with high TSS concentrations: a case study
Authors: Füreder K. , Svardal K. , Krampe J. , Kroiss H.
Published: March 2018

High total suspended solids (TSS) digestion of municipal sewage sludge reduces the required space and volume for digestion plants. However, an important consequence of high TSS is the major influence on sludge rheology. The present case study investigates the rheology of sludge from a 130 m3 high solids digestion pilot plant at Vienna's main wastewater treatment plant (4 M PE120). Raw sludge ranged from 6 to 8% TSS and digested sludge from 3.2 to 4.6%. TSS show an exponential impact on rheological parameters. Increasing raw sludge TSS from 6 to 8% at least doubles the shear stress and increases friction loss by a factor of three. However, under real operating conditions simulated at the pilot plant, there are additional impact factors. The mixing ratio between waste activated and primary sludge influences raw sludge rheology, while solids retention time and loss on ignition affects digested sludge rheology. Nevertheless, friction loss calculations based on a simple power law relationship between shear rate and shear stress proved to be applicable and sufficiently accurate for both raw and digested sludge with high TSS. Altogether, this case study underlines the relevance of comprehensive rheological considerations, measurements and calculations when designing high TSS sludge digestion.
Carboxylate-functionalized sugarcane bagasse as an effective and renewable adsorbent to remove methylene blue
Authors: Wang Su-nv , Li Ping , Gu Jing-jing , Liang Hao , Wu Jin-hua
Published: March 2018

This study prepared a carboxylate-functionalized sugarcane bagasse (CF-SCB) from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) via a simple and low-toxicity chemical modification to enhance its capacity for adsorbing methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The success of chemical modification was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the pore area and porosity, and zeta potential measurement analysis. The adsorption capacity of CF-SCB was investigated at different pHs, ionic strengths, temperatures, contact times and initial dye concentrations. Equilibrium data were best described by the Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of CF-SCB (296.74 mg g−1) was greatly improved compared with SCB (77.16 mg g−1) at 30 °C. The thermodynamic study indicated that MB adsorption onto CF-SCB was a spontaneous, endothermic and entropy increased process. Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order mode, and the adsorption mechanism was based on electrostatic interactions. The reusability study showed that CF-SCB had reasonably good reuse potential. All the results suggested that CF-SCB has high potential to be used as an effective and renewable adsorbent for MB removal from wastewater.
HARMONISASI DAN SINKRONISASI PENGATURAN KELEMBAGAAN SERTIFIKASI HALAL TERKAIT PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN MUSLIM INDONESIA
Authors: Suparto Susilowati , D Djanuardi , Yuanitasari Deviana , Suwandono Agus
Published: March 2018

AbstractIndonesia is a country with a majority Muslim population is responsible for the comfort and certainty to consume halal products. Halal assurance of any product in Indonesia has been delegated by the State to LPOM MUI. In a further development based on Law No. 33 2014 On Halal Product Guarantee, that the authority for the implementation of halal certification in Indonesia is conducted by BPJPH. The purpose of this research is to determine and analyze the arrangement of the halal certification management organization in Indonesia associated with the Act No. 33 of 2014 On Halal Product Guarantee and to determine and analyze how should halal certification management organization modelsby BPJPH. The results of this study, the first in the halal certification management organization held by BPJPH, but the Act of JPH provide 3 years for the establishment of BPJPH in accordance with the Act of JPH, as a  result until now the halal certification management organization is still held by LPPOM MUI, which both models of BPJH in the management of halal certification under the Act of JPH still involve collaboration with other agencies and institutions.IntisariIndonesia merupakan negara yang mayoritas penduduknya beragama Islam bertanggung jawab terhadap kenyamanan dan kepastian untuk mengkonsumsi produk yang halal. Jaminan atas kehalalan setiap produk yang ada di Indonesia selama ini di delegasikan oleh Negara kepada LPOM MUI. Dalam perkembangan selanjutnya berdasarkan UU No. 33 Tahun 2014 Tentang Jaminan Produk Halal, bahwa kewenangan untuk penyelenggaraan sertifikasi halal di Indonesia dilaksanakan oleh BPJPH. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaturan kelembagaan penyelenggaraan  sertifikasi halal di Indonesia  dikaitkan dengan UU No. 33 Tahun 2014 Tentang Jaminan Produk Halal dan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bagaimakah sebaiknya model kelembagaan penyelenggaran sertifikasi halal oleh BPJPH. Hasil dari penelitian ini, yang pertama dalam penyelenggaraan kelembagaan sertifikasi halal dipegang oleh BPJPH, namun UU JPH memberikan waktu 3 tahun untuk berdirinya BPJPH yang sesuai dengan UU JPH, sehingga sampai saat ini kelembagaan penyelenggaraan sertifikasi halal masih dipegang oleh LPPOM MUI, yang kedua model BPJH dalam penyelenggaraan sertifikasi halal berdasarkan UU JPH  tetap melibatkan kerjasama dengan instansi dan lembaga terkait.
Obesidad en mujeres con cáncer de mama en un hospital general de zona de Hidalgo, México
Authors: Bertehelli Cardona Isaac , Ángeles Casas Marisol , Mejía Miranda Néstor , Martínez Ángeles Jesús
Published: March 2018

Objetivo: evaluar la presencia de obesidad como factor asociado a cáncer de mama en pacientes del sexo femenino del hospital general de zona no. 8 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social en Ciudad Sahagún, Hidalgo, México. Métodos: estudio de tipo transversal, observacional y descriptivo, de julio de 2015 a enero de 2017. Se seleccionaron 58 expedientes de pacientes del sexo femenino con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama. Se midió el índice de masa corporal (imc) al momento del diagnóstico. Resultados: de las 58 pacientes con cáncer de mama, 37.9% presentaba sobrepeso, 37.9% obesidad grado I, 5.2% obesidad grado II, 3.4% obesidad mórbida y 15.5% tuvo peso normal. Se observó una tendencia mayor entre los 50 y 59 años de edad. Conclusiones: la mayoría de las pacientes con cáncer de mama presentó sobrepeso u obesidad, a medida que se incrementó el imc aumentó también la frecuencia de pacientes con esta entidad.
Prevalencia de neuropatía diabética en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en una clínica regional del Estado de México
Authors: Arellano Longinos Sócrates Arturo , Godínez Tamay Edgar Daniel , Hernández Miranda Martha Berenice
Published: March 2018

Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de neuropatía diabética en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (dm2) de una clínica de consulta externa. Métodos: estudio descriptivo y observacional, en una muestra de 106 pacientes con dm2 de la clínica regional Santiago Tianguistenco (crst), Estado de México, se les aplicó el Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument, que consta de una autoevaluación sobre la presencia de síntomas neuropáticos y de examen físico en ambos pies que incluye inspección del pie, sensibilidad a la vibración, reflejo del tobillo y monofilamento. Resultados: se detectó neuropatía diabética en 81.1%, los factores asociados fueron: género masculino 59.4%; edad de 51 a 60 años 39.6%; nivel de escolaridad bajo en 35.8%; casados 88.7%; de 5 a 10 años de evolución de la diabetes en 52.7%; sobrepeso en 52.8%; descontrol glucémico en 69.8%; anormalidad en el aspecto de los pies en 82.1%, disminución de sensibilidad en 76.4%; y disminución de percepción de vibración en 20.9%. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de neuropatía diabética periférica es mayor a 80%, fue más frecuente en hombres de 51 a 60 años, las principales lesiones identificadas fueron, anormalidad en el aspecto de los pies y disminución de sensibilidad. Ante tal problema de salud es necesario establecer acciones preventivas encaminadas a evitar el deterioro en la calidad de vida del paciente y su familia.
Frecuencia de automedicación en pacientes adscritos a un hospital general de zona con medicina familiar en Hidalgo, México
Authors: Mérida Nájera Liliana , Durán Gómez Melina , Escobar Sánchez Margarita , Mendoza Godines Edith , Lozada Hernández Alma Iraida , Romero Ureste María del Rocío , Betanzos Pérez Juan Manuel , Juárez Cacahuatitla Hugo , Hernández López Miguel , Nájera Islas Benjamín
Published: March 2018

Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de automedicación en una población de 18 a 70 años adscrita al hospital general de zona con medicina familiar no.1 de Pachuca, Hidalgo, México. Métodos: estudio transversal descriptivo en una muestra de 113 pacientes, los cuales fueron encuestados en las salas de espera de consulta externa de Medicina Familiar. Para calcular el tamaño de la muestra se utilizó la fórmula para estimar una proporción en poblaciones finitas. Se aplicó un cuestionario que incluyó preguntas sociodemográficas, frecuencia de la práctica de automedicación, tipo de medicación, motivos y factores que la predisponen. Resultados: la prevalencia de automedicación fue de 87.61%. La muestra estuvo representada por mujeres en 66.37%. La principal razón que motivó la automedicación fue el no considerar la enfermedad como grave en 57%; los medicamentos más utilizados fueron analgésicos con 84.85%; el dolor de cabeza fue el principal síntoma para la automedicación en 60.61% de los pacientes, seguido de gripe y dolor de garganta. Se identificó que 64.65% desconocía los efectos adversos de los medicamentos consumidos. Conclusión: la frecuencia de automedicación en la población analizada fue muy alta, lo cual conlleva a riesgos importantes para la salud. Es necesario que se generen estrategias para evitar o disminuir esta práctica.
Nivel de conocimiento sobre cáncer cervicouterino en mujeres de 15 a 49 años en una unidad de medicina familiar
Authors: González Rangel María Alejandra , Mejía Miranda Néstor , Martínez Ángeles Jesús
Published: March 2018

Objetivos: identificar el nivel de conocimiento sobre cáncer cervicouterino (CaCu) en mujeres de 15 a 49 años de edad en una unidad de medicina familiar. Métodos: estudio transversal analítico realizado de marzo de 2015 a enero de 2017 en 374 mujeres de 15 a 49 años, derechohabientes del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, adscritas a la unidad de medicina familiar no. 34 de Tulancingo, Hidalgo, México; las cuales fueron seleccionadas de forma aleatoria simple. Para medir el nivel de conocimiento sobre CaCu se aplicó un cuestionario de 21 preguntas. Se realizó estadística descriptiva y análisis bivariado mediante prueba de χ2 y cálculo de or, un valor p<0.05 fue considerado estadísticamente significativo. Resultados: la media de edad fue de 33.24 años (±5.8 años); 51.9% tenía bachillerato o estudios superiores. De las pacientes, 71.7% había recibido previamente información sobre CaCu, de éstas 66.77% por parte de personal de salud. El nivel de conocimiento fue bajo en 13.10%, medio en 55.61% y alto en 31.28%. No haber recibido información previa sobre CaCu (or 3.47, p=0.001) y un nivel de escolaridad de secundaria o menor (or 2.49, p=0.0039) se asoció con mayor riesgo para bajos niveles de conocimiento sobre la enfermedad. Conclusiones: el nivel de conocimiento sobre CaCu en la población estudiada correspondió con un nivel medio y bajo, por lo que representa un área de oportunidad en el proceso de educación en salud dirigido a la población. Es fundamental la implementación de estrategias de comunicación que mejoren la transmisión de la información a las pacientes así como evaluar el impacto de tales acciones.
Apoyo familiar y control glucémico en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 en una unidad de medicina familiar de Acapulco, Guerrero, México
Authors: García Morales Gabriela , Rodríguez Pascual Alejandra , Garibo Polanco Rosa Elbia
Published: March 2018

Objetivo: determinar la relación entre el control glucémico y el apoyo familiar en el paciente con diabetes, desde la percepción del familiar. Métodos: estudio transversal analítico con muestreo no probabilístico. Se realizó en 690 personas, 345 pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 y 345 familiares acompañantes, a los familiares se les aplicó el “instrumento para evaluar apoyo familiar al diabético tipo 2”, validado en 2003, el cual determina el apoyo instrumental e informacional que se brinda al paciente con diabetes. A los pacientes con diabetes se les encuestó sobre factores sociodemográficos y regularidad en la consulta, del sistema de información de laboratorio (Modulab) se obtuvieron cifras de glucosa, colesterol y triglicéridos. Resultados: de los 345 pacientes con diabetes encuestados, 175 (50.7%) tenían control glucémico y 62 (18%) control metabólico. Respecto al apoyo familiar global, de los 345 familiares encuestados, 89 (25.8%) presentaron un nivel medio y 256 (74.2%) un nivel alto. Se encontró una asociación positiva de descontrol metabólico respecto al apoyo familiar bajo y medio (or 2.7; ic 1.233-5.94; p=0.013); sin embargo, no se identificó asociación con el descontrol glucémico. Conclusión: se determinó asociación positiva entre el apoyo familiar bajo-medio hacia el paciente con diabetes y el descontrol metabólico, lo que demostró la importancia de la familia para que el paciente realice el manejo establecido con el personal de salud.
Estrategias para el diseño y elaboración de carteles como un medio de difusión de investigaciones científicas
Authors: Guzmán Pantoja Jaime Eduardo , Gutiérrez Román Elsa Armida , Guzmán Pantoja Diana , García Gutiérrez Mariana , Corona Anguiano Francis Uriel , Guzmán Ramos Melissa
Published: March 2018

Los profesionales de la salud desarrollan proyectos de investigación básica, clínica, educativa y epidemiológica en los diferentes ámbitos de las ciencias de la salud, los cuales generan información útil e imprescindible para la toma de decisiones dentro de esta área de conocimiento, por lo que se requiere establecer una metodología para la difusión de resúmenes informativos, ya que esta herramienta constituye el primer encuentro del investigador con los escenarios propios del quehacer clínico y científico. El presente artículo tiene como propósito contextualizar al lector y al profesional de la salud respecto a las estrategias para el diseño, elaboración y presentación de carteles como un medio para difundir resultados de investigaciones.
Estrategias para la presentación de carteles
Authors: Guzmán Pantoja Jaime Eduardo , Gutiérrez Román Elsa Armida , Guzmán Pantoja Diana , García Gutiérrez Mariana , Corona Anguiano Francis Uriel , Guzmán Ramos Melissa
Published: March 2018

La investigación es uno de los componentes esenciales de los programas gubernamentales o institucionales, los cuales han tenido un impacto directo en la globalización tecnológica en materia de investigación científica en el área de la salud, haciendo de la difusión del conocimiento científico uno de los elementos imprescindibles para su desarrollo.La presentación de resultados debe realizarse en escenarios internacionales, nacionales, regionales y locales, por lo cual el investigador debería contar con los conocimientos básicos e indispensables requeridos para lograr un impacto significativo en aquellos a quienes presenta sus resultados. El propósito de este trabajo es fomentar el desarrollo de habilidades y destrezas para la presentación de trabajos de investigación científica en forma de cartel, dirigido a investigadores que inician en este campo.