bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Volumetric Full-Matrix Ultrasonic Imaging of Anisotropic CFRP Laminates with Adaptive Total Focusing Method
Authors: Yu Zhenyang , Chen Jian
Published: October 2024

The anisotropy of Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) arising from the laminated structure presents a formidable challenge in ultrasonic imaging of internal defects. The adaptive total focusing method (TFM) based on anisotropic correction has shown its capability on the improvement of imaging resolution contrast for CFRP laminates. However, the previous studies were mainly demonstrated for two-dimensional (2D) ultrasonic imaging using a linear phased array, which greatly hamper the efficiency and information content for non-destructive evaluation of CFRPs, particularly for the components large in size. In this work, a volumetric TFM imaging method is proposed for anisotropic CFRP laminates using a 2D phased array. Based on the acquired full-matrix data, four elastic constants can be derived, through which the formula of group velocity of quasi-pressure (QP) wave is used to obtain the profiles in arbitrary planes. Thereafter, the time delays between the transmitter and receiver pairs for TFM can be corrected in three dimensions for volumetric imaging. For proof-of-concept demonstration, a [-45/0/45/90]10s CFRP specimen with a round delamination defect is inspected and the volumetric results show better image improved image quality than paintbrush method’s results. This research may provide a three-dimensional (3D) quantitative approach for CFRP laminates.
Amplifying Nonlinear Ultrasonic Signatures for Fatigue Damage Detection Via a Graded Elastic Meta-Enhancer
Authors: Tian Yiran , Fu Haoyu , Shen Yanfeng
Published: October 2024

Fatigue cracks pose a significant threat to engineering structures owing to their inconspicuous nature and difficulty in detection. However, for the nascent stage of fatigue crack growth, the nonlinear attributes are faint and challenging to discern and characterize, thereby compromising the practical effectiveness of the detection methodology. Consequently, the amplification of these subtle nonlinear features becomes imperative to improve the detection efficiency. In recent developments, elastic metamaterials, comprising artificially engineered structures, have demonstrated considerable potential in controlling wave modes and frequencies. Leveraging the metamaterial concept, this paper proposes an elastic meta-enhancer (ME), featuring special wave dispersion properties to facilitate effective wave collection for second higher harmonic through a graded array of resonators attached to an elastic plate, showcasing the improvement of sensitivity in detecting cracks. The amalgamation of resonance and spatial grading within surface arrays of structures enable meta-units to demonstrate broadband wave trapping, resulting in substantial amplification of out-of-plane displacement within the host plate medium at resonator positions, where the second higher harmonic component accumulates. Harnessing the interplay of these effects—deceleration in the resonators and amplification in the host beam—the numerical findings demonstrate that, given a sufficiently prolonged excitation time, the elastic ME can amplify the faint magnitude of the second higher harmonic produced by fatigue cracks within the host plate structure. The paper concludes with a summary, concluding remarks, and recommendations for future research directions.
A Multi-Scale Minimum Time-To-Failure Reliability Model for Estimating Reliability Lower Bound of a Structural Health Monitored Cracked 316L(N) Stainless Steel Component in Creep at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Fong Jeffrey T.
Published: October 2024

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) Committee has recently developed a new Section XI (Nuclear Components Inspection) Division 2 Code named "Reliability and Integrity Management (RIM)." RIM incorporates a new concept known as "System-Based Code (SBC)" originally due to Asada and his colleagues (2001-2004), where an integrated approach from design to service inspection is introduced using three new types of statistical quantities: (1) "system reliability index," or "system reliability target" for any system consisting of structures and components, (2) "structural reliability," for any structure, and (3) "component reliability" for any component. In a recent paper published in the International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping (Vol. 173 (2019), pp. 79-93), Fong, Heckert, Filliben, and Freiman developed a new theory of fatigue and creep rupture life modeling for metal alloys and brittle materials at room and elevated temperatures such that the reliability lower bound of a smooth component can be estimated from fatigue and creep rupture test data with simple loading histories. In this paper, we extend the theory to include a methodology to estimate the failure probability upper bound (or, reliability lower bound) of a structural health monitored cracked 316L(N) stainless steel component undergoing a loading history of creep, creep crack initiation, and creep crack growth at elevated temperatures such as 650 °C. To illustrate an application of this new modeling approach, we present a numerical example using (a) the experimental test data of of 316L(N) stainless steel in creep at 650 °C as published by Kilian Wasmer in his Ph.D. thesis (Imperial College London, 2003), and (b) the experimental test data of 316L(N) stainless steel in creep crack initiation and growth at 650 °C also by Wasmer (Ph.D. thesis, 2003). The significance and limitations of this new damage-state-based approach to modeling creep crack growth and estimating the component reliability lower bound are discussed.
Determination of Strut Quality Factors in Additively Manufactured Lattices Using in-Situ Compression Testing μ-Ct
Authors: DiNova Vincent , Flynn H.B. , Korinko Paul , Immel David
Published: October 2024

In response to the need for an automated, commercial method to qualify additively manufactured (AM) lattice components, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of defective lattice struts on the structural compression strength. Lattice samples with known defective or missing struts were compressed using a Deben CT5000RT and imaged using x-ray μ-CT. The compressive force and x-ray computed tomography results were compared to defect free standards to evaluate the impact of each defect type on the overall structure’s compressive strength. This analysis will allow for simplifications to Finite Element Analysis (FEA) on AM parts without sacrificing model fidelity. Understanding the contribution of each defect type and severity will also better inform non-destructive evaluation (NDE) personnel of the inspection parameters necessary to detect the smallest feature of importance.
Flexible Array ECT Probe with Equilateral Triangle Arranged Coils and Differential Setting
Authors: Zhang Chenzhi , Chen Huan , Ye Chaofeng
Published: October 2024

It is still a problem to be studied to inspect defects on curved surfaces with small dimensions. This paper presents an array eddy current testing (ECT) probe with equilateral triangle arranged coils, where the coils operate in a differential model to null the background signal and reduce the noise resulting in a high sensitivity to small defects. Furthermore, as each two adjacent couple of differential coils are 120° apart in space, the probe is sensitive to defects with different orientations. The probe is flexible and can be bent according to the curved surface. The feasibility of the probe is validated experimentally. Images were generated by using the probe to scan samples with machined defects. It seems that the defects can be observed from the processed images. The experimental results reveal that the probe can detect small defects with dimensions 1 mm*0.1 mm*0.3 mm and oriented in different directions on a 304 stainless steel sample.
Testing of Permanently Installed Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Guided Wave Transducers for Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Loveday Philip W. , Fromme Paul
Published: October 2024

Guided wave ultrasound can propagate large distances and enables the use of permanently installed piezoelectric transducers in structural health monitoring systems. The transducers can be exposed to harsh operating and environmental conditions, and it is advantageous to have a method for checking the operation of transducers during installation and later system maintenance. In monitoring applications, measurements may be compared with previously captured measurements and changes in the signals are used to detect defects. This process is limited by environmental changes and changes in the performance of the transducers. Measurements that can be performed in the field to check the performance of installed transducers are considered. These measurements include electrical impedance measurements and the transmitting response of the transducers. The initial development of a portable and low-cost instrument for performing these measurements on piezoelectric transducers for rail track monitoring is described. This instrument allows a transducer to be tested before and after installation and at later dates. If measurements of installed transducers are performed regularly, it will be possible to determine limits for acceptable performance and possibly to monitor degradation of transducer performance over time.
Additive Printed Structures for Optical Fiber Sensing in Concrete
Authors: Aubert Nicolas , Degaugue Sebastien , Pouya Julie , Khadour Aghiad
Published: October 2024

Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing (DFOS) is a potent technique for measuring internal strain distribution in civil engineering structures. This method relies on measuring the axial strain of an optical fiber, which is protected by a sensing cable providing mechanical support and coupling to the surrounding material. However, due to the fiber’s sensitivity solely to axial strain, installing the cable along complex paths is often necessary to capture desired data accurately. Precise cable placement is critical for accurate data analysis, as locating the sensing cable within deep concrete or soil layers is challenging. This study introduces a novel approach employing 3D-printed polymer support structures to facilitate the installation of sensing cables along intricate paths. In addition, a novel crack detection method based on computing strain rates is proposed. This innovative technique shows promise for advancing crack monitoring in civil engineering structures, offering enhanced accuracy and efficiency in identifying structural vulnerabilities.
Diagnostic accuracy of transcranial ultrasonography for detecting stenosis in patients with acute ischaemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhu Xiaofei , Li Yan , Xia Wei , Wang Wenfu
Published: October 2024

Aim: Transcranial ultrasonography, including transcranial doppler (TCD) and transcranial colour-coded duplex/sonography (TCCD/TCCS), offers potential benefits in the evaluation of cerebrovascular patency, but its accuracy remains under scrutiny. Hence, this study aims to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of transcranial ultrasonography for detecting stenosis in acute ischaemic stroke patients.Material and methods: We systematically reviewed the databases such as CINAHL, SCOPUS, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect from inception till June 2023. Studies were eligible if they compared the diagnostic role of transcranial ultrasonography with established techniques, and reported accuracy parameters such as sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios. Subgroup analysis was performed for TCD and TCCD/TCCS.Results: Seventeen studies involving 1496 participants were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of transcranial ultrasonography were 90% and 95% respectively. For TCD, the sensitivity and specificity were 87% and 93% respectively. TCCD/TCCS showed sensitivity 98% and specificity 97%. High clinical value was evident in both TCD and TCCD/TCCS, with heterogeneity across studies but no observable publication bias.Conclusion: Transcranial ultrasonography, including both TCD and TCCD/TCCS, demonstrates high diagnostic accuracy in detecting stenosis in patients with acute ischaemic stroke. These findings support the utility of these methods as reliable, non-invasive tools for cerebrovascular assessment
Deep-water ambient sound over the Atlantis II seamounts in the Northwest Atlantic
Authors: Walters Matthew W. , Godin Oleg A. , Joseph John E. , Tan Tsu Wei
Published: October 2024

Ambient sound was continuously recorded for 52 days by three synchronized, single-hydrophone, near-bottom receivers. The receivers were moored at depths of 2573, 2994, and 4443 m on flanks and in a trough between the edifices of the Atlantis II seamounts. The data reveal the power spectra and intermittency of the ambient sound intensity in a 13-octave frequency band from 0.5 to 4000 Hz. Statistical distribution of sound intensity exhibits much heavier tails than in the expected exponential intensity distribution throughout the frequency band of observations. It is established with high statistical significance that the data are incompatible with the common assumption of normally distributed ambient noise in deep water. Spatial variability of the observed ambient sound appears to be controlled by the seafloor properties, bathymetric shadowing, and nonuniform distribution of the noise sources on the sea surface. Temporal variability of ambient sound is dominated by changes in the wind speed and the position of the Gulf Stream relative to the experiment site. Ambient sound intensity increases by 4–10 dB when the Gulf Stream axis is within 25 km from the receivers. The sound intensification is attributed to the effect of the Gulf Stream current on surface wave breaking.
Identifying the amino acid domains of ORF59 responsible for interactions with ORF57 and PAN RNA during KSHV lytic replication
Authors: Payen Shannon Harger , Gutierrez Isaura Vanessa , Andrada Kayla , Verma Subhash C. , Rossetto Cyprian C.
Published: October 2024

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) DNA polymerase processivity factor, ORF59, is a lytic protein essential for viral DNA synthesis as part of the core replication complex. The multifunctional nature of ORF59 has prompted the investigation into its various functional domains. Prior studies of ORF59 have identified dimerization, DNA interaction, and polymerase interaction domains. The regions of ORF59 responsible for the interaction with the viral mRNA transport accumulation protein (MTA/ORF57) and the viral long non-coding polyadenylated nuclear (PAN) RNA have not been explored. Using a series of previously characterized ORF59 deletion KSHV BACmid mutants, we identified the domains of ORF59 that interact with ORF57 and PAN RNA. Interestingly, amino acids 51–100 were essential for interacting with both ORF57 and PAN RNA. Using this information, we generated a plasmid that expresses a DsRed-tagged polypeptide spanning amino acids 30–100 of ORF59. When the 30–100 aa DsRed-tagged polypeptide expression plasmid was transfected into KSHV wild-type iSLK cells prior to lytic reactivation, a dominant-negative inhibition of virus replication was observed, resulting in a decrease of infectious virus production. Our data suggest that interactions between ORF59 with ORF57 and PAN RNA are important to successful lytic replication.

IMPORTANCE

To better understand the Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) DNA polymerase processivity factor ORF59, we investigated the interaction of ORF59 with ORF57 and polyadenylated nuclear (PAN) RNA. We used a previously characterized KSHV BACmid containing internal deletions of ORF59 to identify the domains of ORF59 that interact with ORF57 and PAN RNA. Our study revealed multiple domains of ORF59 that are essential for its association with PAN RNA. These domains span amino acids 51–100, 251–300, and 351–396. Additional experiments confirmed amino acids 51–100 are critical for the interaction between ORF59 and ORF57. Using this information, we generated an expression plasmid encompassing the ORF57 and PAN RNA interaction domains of ORF59. The ORF59 polypeptide expression plasmid of amino acids 30–100 functioned as a dominant negative inhibitor during viral reactivation and caused a decrease in virus production. These findings provide valuable insights into the key domains of ORF59, essential for its functionality, and ultimately the production of infectious viruses.
Administration of
Lactobacillus plantarum
GUANKE alleviates SARS-CoV-2-induced pneumonia in mice
Authors: Huang He , Dong Xiaojing , Du Zuoyuan , Guo Li , Chen Lan , Wang Xinming , Lu Simin , Yue Kun , Ren Zhihong , Wang Jianwei , Ren Lili , Xu Jianguo
Published: October 2024

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) targets epithelial cells in the respiratory tract, triggering an acute proinflammatory response and chronic lung inflammation. Probiotic supplementation has shown promise in reducing the nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 viral load, diminishing symptom frequency and duration, and mitigating inflammation; thus, it is a potential strategy for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the oral administration of the
Lactobacillus plantarum
GUANKE strain, a gram-positive bacterium originally isolated from a healthy individual, on SARS-CoV-2 infection in a human ACE2 transgenic mouse model. We found that GUANKE significantly reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and pulmonary interstitial exudation in mice. The transcription of
CCL2
,
TNFA
,
IL1B
,
IL6,
and
IL17C
in the lungs was reduced. The protein levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 in the lungs were significantly lower in GUANKE-treated mice than in control mice. The viral load in GUANKE-treated mice was lower than that in saline-treated mice, although this difference did not reach statistical significance.
L. plantarum
GUANKE can decrease SARS-CoV-2-induced lung inflammation in mice, suggesting its potential for use as an agent for treating SARS-CoV-2 infection.

IMPORTANCE

Most otherwise healthy individuals develop only mild or moderate symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by current strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and virus replication is mainly confined to the upper respiratory tract; however, the virus can infect the lower respiratory tract and promote inflammation. Probiotic supplementation has been shown to reduce nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 viral load, reduce the overall number and duration of symptoms, and attenuate inflammation in clinical trials. We showed that a novel
L. plantarum
GUANKE strain alleviated SARS-CoV-2-induced pneumonia in mice. The transcription and production of inflammatory cytokines were suppressed, and GUANKE moderately reduced the viral load.
L. plantarum
GUANKE has the potential to become a candidate drug for the treatment of COVID-19 or other viral respiratory infections.
Global prevalence of
Mycobacterium massiliense
strains with recombinant
rpoB
genes (Rec-Mas) horizontally transferred from
Mycobacterium abscessus
: two major types, dominant circulating clone 7 and MLST ST46 sequence type
Authors: Kim Dong Hyun , Seo Hyejun , Jung Sangkwon , Kim Bum-Joon
Published: October 2024

Mycobacterium abscessus
is a group of emerging antimicrobial-resistant nontuberculous mycobacteria that causes severe lung disease in infected patients globally. Recently, molecular epidemiology studies have indicated that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events in the
rpoB
gene are prevalent between
M. abscessus
subspecies. To determine the global prevalence of
M. abscessus
strains subjected to
rpoB
HGT, we performed phylogenetic inference using a 711-bp
rpoB
sequence extracted from 1,786
M
.
abscessus
isolates for which the whole-genome sequence was publicly available. Our data showed that a total of 74 isolates (4.1%) from 1,786 strains are subject to
rpoB
HGT, which is more prevalent than strains with
hsp65
HGT (19 isolates from 1,786, 1.1%). Most of these (69 isolates) belong to two major groups of
Mycobacterium massiliense
, of which the
rpoB
gene is horizontally transferred from
M. abscessus
(Rec-mas), dominant circulating clone 7 (DCC7) (44 isolates) and ST46 type by multilocus sequence typing (25 isolates). The Rec-mas strains of the two groups have distinct geographical patient distributions, of which the former is mainly distributed in the United States, while the latter is prevalent in Asia. Our further genome-based analysis indicated that the ST46 type is a novel DCC candidate of
M. massiliense
that is responsible for dissemination between noncystic fibrosis patients in Asia. In conclusion, our global phylogenetic analysis revealed two major Rec-mas clones with distinct geographical distributions, namely, DCC7 and ST46. This study provides insights into the genetic clustering and person-to-person transmission of globally dominant and area-specific strains harboring the HGT
rpoB
gene.

IMPORTANCE

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events play a pivotal role in the evolution of
Mycobacterium abscessus
into dominant circulating clones (DCCs), which is capable of causing patient-to-patient transmission. In particular, HGT of the rpoB gene between strains of different subspecies of
M. abscessus
could also compromise differentiation between strains of
M. abscessus
. Here, for the first time, using 1,786
M. abscessus
genome sequences, we evaluated the global prevalence of
M. abscessus
strains subjected to
rpoB
HGT. We found a greater prevalence of
M. abscessus
subjected to
rpoB
HGT than to those subjected to
hsp65
HGT, which is mainly due to two Rec-mas clones, dominant circulating clone 7 and ST46, which are responsible for dissemination between non-CF patients in Asia. Our data highlight the importance of
rpoB
HGT in the evolution of
M. abscessus
, particularly
Mycobacterium massiliense
, into virulent DCC clones.
Supplemental Material: The geometry of fault reactivation and uplift along the central part of the Maacama Fault Zone, Northern California Coast Ranges
Authors: Melosh Benjamin , al. et
Published: October 2024

.dxf files of the Maacama Fault, Ukiah Valley Fault, and Cow Mountain–Mill Creek Fault from Figure 11.  
Supplemental Material: Perception doesn’t match reality: Unraveling gender disparities in Earth scientists’ productivity during work-from-home initiatives
Authors: Hatherly Sarah , al. et
Published: October 2024

Survey questions, caveats to evaluating perceived productivity, additional factors related to productivity, probability template for evaluating measurable productivity, bibliometric data, caveats and output of Gender API.
Perioperative chemoimmunotherapy induces strong immune responses and long-term survival in patients with HLA class I-deficient non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Molina-Alejandre Marta , Perea Francisco , Calvo Virginia , Martinez-Toledo Cristina , Nadal Ernest , Sierra-Rodero Belén , Casarrubios Marta , Casal-Rubio Joaquín , Martinez-Martí Alex , Insa Amelia , Massuti Bartomeu , Viteri Santiago , Barneto Aranda Isidoro , Rodriguez-Abreu Delvys , de Castro Javier , Martínez Joaquín Mosquera , Cobo Manuel , Wistuba Ignacio I , Parra Edwin R , Martín-López Javier , Megías Diego , Muñoz-Viana Rafael , Garrido Federico , Aptsiauri Natalia , Ruiz-Cabello Francisco , Provencio Mariano , Cruz-Bermúdez Alberto
Published: October 2024

Background

Loss of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I expression and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) are common events implicated in the primary resistance of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to immunotherapy. However, there is no data on perioperative chemoimmunotherapy (ChIO) efficacy or response mechanisms in the context of HLA class I defects.

Methods

Baseline HLA class I tumor status (HLA-deficient (HLA-DEF) or HLA-proficient (HLA-PRO)) was determined by DNA LOH combined with immunohistochemistry for protein levels in tissue of 24 patients with NSCLC treated with perioperative nivolumab plus chemotherapy from NADIM trial (NCT03081689). We integrated HLA tumor status with molecular data (programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), TMB, TCR repertoire, TILs populations, bulk RNA-seq, and spatial transcriptomics (ST)) and clinical outcomes (pathological response and survival data) to study the activity of perioperative ChIO considering HLA class I defects.

Results

HLA-DEF tumors comprised 41.7% of analyzed tumors and showed a desert-like microenvironment at baseline, with lower PD-L1 levels and reduced immune infiltrate. However, perioperative ChIO induced similar complete pathological response (CPR) rates in both HLA-DEF and PRO tumors (50% and 60% respectively, p=0.670), as well as 3-year survival rates: Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of 70% (95% CI 32.9% to 89.2%) for HLA-DEF, and PFS 71.4% (95% CI 40.6% to 88.2%) and OS 92.9% (95% CI 59.1% to 99.0%) for HLA-PRO (log-rank PFS p=0.909, OS p=0.137). Proof-of-concept ST analysis of a CPR HLA-DEF tumor after ChIO showed a strong immune response with tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), CD4+T cells with HLA class II colocalization, and activated CD8+T cells.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the activity of perioperative ChIO, and the potential role of TLS and T-cell immune response, in NSCLC HLA-DEF tumors.
Extended thermodynamics and critical behavior of generalized dilatonic Lifshitz black holes
Authors: Romero-Figueroa Carlos E. , Quevedo Hernando
Published: October 2024

We study a particular Einstein–Maxwell–Dilaton black hole configuration with cosmological constant, expressed in terms of the curvature radius, from the point of view of quasi-homogeneous thermodynamics. In particular, we show that the curvature radius and the coupling constant of the matter fields can be treated as thermodynamic variables in the framework of extended thermodynamics, leading in both cases to a van der Waals-like behavior. We also investigate in detail the stability and critical properties of the black holes and obtain results, which are compatible with the mean field approach.
Parametric Algorithm to Find the Largest Empty Rectangle from a Set of Line Segments
Authors: Paul Raina , Sarkar Apurba , Biswas Arindam
Published: October 2024

A combinatorial algorithm to locate the Maximum Empty Rectangle (MER) inside a given set [Formula: see text] of non-intersecting horizontal and vertical line segments is presented in this paper. The [Formula: see text] is the maximum area rectangle such that no line segment lies in part or in full within the rectangle. The proposed algorithm uses the projection lists and line sweep technique [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the cardinality of the set [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] is the maximum number of candidate rectangles for a line segment. Projection list is the projection of the line segments on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] axes.
New Media Advertising Information Search Method Based on XML Technology
Authors: Feng Dujuan
Published: October 2024

The sheer volume and complexity of new media advertising information pose significant challenges for users in searching and filtering advertisements. To enhance the match between search content and keywords, this paper proposes a multifunctional search method for new media advertising information based on eXtensible Markup Language (XML) technology. The collected user attribute data are organized into a set, and a membership function for user attributes is established. An information certainty index and a query certainty index are constructed to obtain the integrated attributes of new media advertisements and classify their attributes. The average value of the constant threshold element is calculated, and an attraction model of new media advertisements for random Internet users is constructed. The similarity between text information and query methods is determined, along with the calculation of browsing duration and frequency in any given area. According to the search model for new media advertising information, the sorted new media advertising information documents are merged to obtain search results. Experimental results demonstrate that the introduction of interactive elements enhances attraction, and dynamic new media advertisements exhibit stronger attraction compared to static advertisements. The proposed method shows significant advantages in search efficiency, achieving over 90% search efficiency, with the match between search content and keywords consistently remaining above 98%, the user satisfaction is higher, the system response time is shorter, the results can be obtained faster, and the search efficiency is improved.
Implicit–explicit Crank–Nicolson scheme for Oseen’s equation at high Reynolds number
Authors: Burman Erik , Garg Deepika , Guzman Johnny
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we continue the work on implicit–explicit (IMEX) time discretizations for the incompressible Oseen’s equations that we started in Burman et al. [Implicit–explicit time discretization for Oseen’s equation at high Reynolds number with application to fractional step methods, SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 61 (2023) 2859–2886]. The pressure velocity coupling and the viscous terms are treated implicitly, while the convection term is treated explicitly using extrapolation. Herein, we focus on the IMEX Crank–Nicolson method for time discretization. For the discretization in space we consider finite element methods with stabilization on the gradient jumps. The stabilizing terms ensure inf–sup stability for equal order interpolation and robustness at high Reynolds number. Under suitable Courant conditions, we prove the stability of the IMEX Crank–Nicolson scheme in this regime. The stabilization allows us to prove error estimates of order [Formula: see text]. Here [Formula: see text] is the mesh parameter, [Formula: see text] the polynomial order and [Formula: see text] the time step. Finally, we discuss some fractional step methods that are implied by the IMEX scheme. Numerical examples are reported comparing the different methods when applied to the Navier–Stokes’ equations.
An Improved Type-1 Fuzzy Regression Function for COVID-19 Cases Prediction
Authors: Yousif Almuttalibi Rana Aziz , Jeribi Aref , Al-Azzawi Saad
Published: October 2024

The deficiency in data collection and reporting has led to the emergence of uncertainty in the data in the pandemic process. These matters cause that traditional statistical and mathematical models have been functionless and unreliable in this issue. In this respect, this study presents an ensemble prediction model with innovative and contemporary properties to model COVID-19 cases in the UK and USA inclusively throughout the whole pandemic process. The proposed ensemble prediction model is composed of an assembly of Type-1 fuzzy regression functions with elastic net regularization (E-T1FRF) and radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs). Thus, the proposed ensemble model can successfully model the uncertainty in the data with the fuzzy modelling perspective of T1FRF and also thoroughly adapt to the patterns in the data thanks to the flexible modelling ability of RBFNN based on data. With the proposed ensemble prediction model, the cases in the entire pandemic process from the beginning of March 2020 to the end of June 2022 were modelled and predicted for 23 different periods in one-month prediction steps. The proposed model produced predictions with MAPE values below 3% in all but periods except for three periods. Also, the average MAPE values for all periods were obtained at around 2% for the UK and only 1.5% for the US. These results, at a reasonable level of error, demonstrated the practicality of the usage of the proposed community model for other countries and provided valuable information for future action.
Towards Applications on the Decentralized Web using Hypermedia-driven Query Engines
Authors: Taelman Ruben
Published: October 2024

The Web is facing unprecedented challenges related to the control and ownership of data. Due to recent privacy and manipulation scandals caused by the increasing centralization of data on the Web into increasingly fewer large data silos, there is a growing demand for the re-decentralization of the Web. Enforced by user-empowering legislature such as GDPR and CCPA, decentralization initiatives such as Solid are being designed that aim to break personal data out of these silos and give back control to the users. While the ability to choose where and how data is stored provides significant value to users, it leads to major technical challenges due to the massive distribution of data across the Web. Since we cannot expect application developers to take up this burden of coping with all the complexities of handling this data distribution, there is a need for a software layer that abstracts away these complexities, and makes this decentralized data feel as being centralized. Concretely, we propose personal query engines to play the role of such an abstraction layer. In this article, we discuss what the requirements are for such a query-based abstraction layer, what the state of the art is in this area, and what future research is required. Even though many challenges remain to achieve a developer-friendly abstraction for interacting with decentralized data on the Web, the pursuit of it is highly valuable for both end-users that want to be in control of their data and its processing and businesses wanting to enable this at a low development cost.
Communication—Prediction of Area Specific Resistance of Solid Oxide Cell Stacks from Electrochemical Impedance Spectra
Authors: Mänken Christian , Schäfer Dominik , Eichel Rüdiger-A.
Published: October 2024

A support vector regression model was trained to predict the area specific resistance of solid oxide cell stacks from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. In particular, the minimum necessary frequency range required for accurate predictions was investigated. Therefore, 711 pairs of DC polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, conducted at the same stage of stack degradation and under similar measurement conditions, were evaluated. Prediction accuracies of less than 8% mean absolute percentage error and coefficients of determination greater than 93% were achieved. The 101–102 Hz range is sufficient for accurate predictions, allowing an efficient and non-destructive etimation of DC polarization measurements.
KOH Activated Walnut Shell Biochar Electrode of Capacitive Deionization and Its Desalination Performance
Authors: Wei Yong , Shi Rongkai , Zhao Huangkai , Li Keying , Guo Ziyin , Chang Yamin , Shen Min
Published: October 2024

The flake biochar electrode materials with fast ion transport function were prepared by KOH activation walnut shell used as raw material. The effects of carbonization temperature and KOH-to-biochar ratio were systematically evaluated using physicochemical characterization and electrochemical performance testing. The optimized walnut shell biochar (WSC800–2), produced at 800 °C with a KOH-to-biochar ration of 2:1, exhibited an exceptional specific surface area (2,287 m2 g−1), the highest porosity (0.824 cm3 g−1), and an excellent specific capacitance (369.51 F g−1, 10 mV s−1). Furthermore, in desalination experiments, WSC800–2 achieved a high salt adsorption capacity of 15.70 mg g−1 at 1.2 V, 500 mg l−1 NaCl solution. The electrode also exhibited outstanding cycling stability, retaining 97.0% of its performance after 10 adsorption/desorption cycles. These findings highlight the potential of walnut shell-derived biochar as an effective material for capacitive deionization and future desalination technologies.
Enhancing Concrete Workability Prediction Through Ensemble Learning Models: Emphasis on Slump and Material Factors
Authors: Jiang Jiangsong , Xin Chunhong , Wu Sifei , Chen Wenbing , Li Hui , Ran Zhaolun
Published: October 2024

This study advances concrete workability prediction by integrating ensemble learning models like Random Forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), and gradient boosted regression trees (GBRTs), and XGBoost showing superior accuracy. Using Shapley additive explanations (SHAPs), it identifies key factors such as the S/log(W) ratio and aggregate components affecting concrete performance. Theoretically, this enhances the predictive analytics framework in material science, while practically, it improves construction efficiency by optimizing material use and reducing physical testing. The development of a user‐friendly graphical user interface (GUI) makes these models accessible for industry application. Addressing gaps in model accuracy and interpretability, the research contributes to sustainable construction practices and underscores the need for future expansions in data diversity and computational optimization in the construction industry.
Rectal Adenocarcinoma With Pagetoid Spread: A Novel Entity
Authors: Bathobakae Lefika , Shenasan Pasha , Trivedi Aakash , Yuridullah Ruhin , Qayyum Sohail , El-Sedfy Abraham
Published: October 2024

Perianal Paget’s disease (PPD) is a rare skin adenocarcinoma that arises in the apocrine glands of the perianal region. It is often misdiagnosed as eczema, leukoplakia, squamous cell carcinoma, Bowen’s disease, lichen planus, or condylomata acuminata. We report a case of a 63‐year‐old male who presented to the emergency room (ER) for evaluation of an anal mass that had persisted over 6 months. The patient was found to have a rectal adenocarcinoma with pagetoid spread and underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation with symptom improvement. However, the patient declined further chemotherapy and the planned abdominal perineal resection with reconstruction, as it would require a permanent colostomy.
Extreme Gradient Boosting Beats In‐Silico Identification of Proteins Potentially Associated With Alzheimer’s
Authors: Khalil Sadia , Abbasi Wajid Arshad , Abbas Syed Ali , Bibi Maryum , Andleeb Saiqa , Shabir Amsa
Published: October 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic, advanced brain sickness disease that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills and, in the end, the ability to perform routine tasks. This disease is caused by the abnormal clumping of proteins such as amyloids around the brain cells. The identification of proteins involved in Alzheimer’s is essential to understand the disease and to discover and design the drugs. Experimental processes involving in‐vitro or in‐vivo experiments for this purpose are very time‐consuming, laborious, and highly costly. However, costly and tedious experimental procedures can be performed efficiently by targeting the most probable proteins involved in Alzheimer’s predicted and ranked through a computational method with better generalization accuracy. In this study, we have proposed a machine learning (ML)–based predictive model to identify proteins potentially involved in Alzheimer’s. Through a series of simulation studies, we have shown that our proposed model by using protein sequence information only gives state‐of‐the‐art generalization performance with an area under the precision‐recall curve of 0.93 verified through various ML‐centric and biologically relevant techniques and metrics. Through data mining in this study, we have also performed feature analysis to identify the role of individual amino acids in such proteins. Python code for feature extraction, training, and evaluating our proposed models together with the dataset is available at the URL: https://sourceforge.net/projects/alzheimer-associated-proteins/files/.
Supplementary Table S2 from ATF6 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Growth and Stemness by Regulating the Wnt Pathway
Authors: Rodvold Jeffrey J. , Grimmer Matthew , Ruiz Karen , Marsters Scot A. , Oikonomidi Ioanna , Tan-Aristy Eileen , Pham Victoria C. , Sarkar Tamal , Harnoss Jonathan M. , Shatz-Binder Whitney , Modrusan Zora D. , Wu Thomas D. , Lill Jennie R. , Villemure Elisia , Rudolph Joachim , de Sousa e Melo Felipe , Ashkenazi Avi
Published: October 2024

BLAST analysis of ATF6 shRNAs
Supplementary Table S1 from ATF6 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Growth and Stemness by Regulating the Wnt Pathway
Authors: Rodvold Jeffrey J. , Grimmer Matthew , Ruiz Karen , Marsters Scot A. , Oikonomidi Ioanna , Tan-Aristy Eileen , Pham Victoria C. , Sarkar Tamal , Harnoss Jonathan M. , Shatz-Binder Whitney , Modrusan Zora D. , Wu Thomas D. , Lill Jennie R. , Villemure Elisia , Rudolph Joachim , de Sousa e Melo Felipe , Ashkenazi Avi
Published: October 2024

Comparison of ER13 and ER16 gene signatures
Figure 2 from ATF6 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Growth and Stemness by Regulating the Wnt Pathway
Authors: Rodvold Jeffrey J. , Grimmer Matthew , Ruiz Karen , Marsters Scot A. , Oikonomidi Ioanna , Tan-Aristy Eileen , Pham Victoria C. , Sarkar Tamal , Harnoss Jonathan M. , Shatz-Binder Whitney , Modrusan Zora D. , Wu Thomas D. , Lill Jennie R. , Villemure Elisia , Rudolph Joachim , de Sousa e Melo Felipe , Ashkenazi Avi
Published: October 2024

Disruption of ATF6 attenuates growth of multiple colorectal cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. A, Viability of Colo201 cells expressing shNTC or shATF6 grown in the presence or absence of Dox (0.5 μg/mL) for 7 days (n = 5). B, Kinetics of growth confluence of Colo201 cells expressing shNTC or shATF6 as treated in A. C, Representative light microscopy images of cells in B after 7-day treatment at 4× magnification. D, Viability of CCK81 cells expressing shNTC or shATF6 treated as in A (n = 5). E, Confluence of CCK81 cells expressing shNTC or shATF6 treated as in A. F, Representative light microscopy images of cells in D after 7-day treatment. G–I, Viability of parental (WT) Colo201 cells or clonal derivatives harboring CRISPR-based ATF6 KO [KO clones (Cl) 4.5 and 4.8] grown on standard TC plates (G), ULA plates (H), or in Matrigel (I; n ≥ 3). J, Viability of various colorectal cancer shATF6 cell lines after 7 days of growth in the absence or presence of Dox (n ≥ 3). K, Viability of selectively inducible shATF6 colorectal cancer cell lines after 7 days of growth in the presence of Dox or Ceapin-A7 (10 μmol/L; n = 3). L, Tumor growth kinetics of Colo201 cell lines expressing inducible shNTC, shATF6.1, or shATF6.2. Following s.c. injection and tumor establishment, tumor-bearing mice were offered water supplemented with 5% sucrose without or with Dox (0.5 mg/mL; n = 10 per group). WT, wild-type. *, P < 0.05; **. P < 0.005; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001.
Data from ATF6 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Growth and Stemness by Regulating the Wnt Pathway
Authors: Rodvold Jeffrey J. , Grimmer Matthew , Ruiz Karen , Marsters Scot A. , Oikonomidi Ioanna , Tan-Aristy Eileen , Pham Victoria C. , Sarkar Tamal , Harnoss Jonathan M. , Shatz-Binder Whitney , Modrusan Zora D. , Wu Thomas D. , Lill Jennie R. , Villemure Elisia , Rudolph Joachim , de Sousa e Melo Felipe , Ashkenazi Avi
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The unfolded protein response maintains endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis by sensing protein-folding stress and orchestrating cellular adaptation via the endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane proteins IRE1, PERK, and ATF6. Malignant cells can co-opt IRE1 and PERK to sustain growth; however, the importance of ATF6 in cancer remains poorly deciphered. We observed elevated ATF6 transcriptional activity in several cancers, including colorectal carcinoma. Genetic silencing or small-molecule inhibition of ATF6 blocked cell-cycle progression and reduced viability of several human colorectal cancer cell lines in vitro, and disrupted tumor progression in vivo. Unexpectedly, ATF6 interference disabled Wnt and Myc signaling and reduced stemness. ATF6 inhibition attenuated growth of organoids derived from malignant but not normal human intestinal tissue, decreasing Wnt pathway activity and driving cellular differentiation. Wnt-surrogate agonism in a Wnt ligand-dependent colorectal cancer organoid restored pathway activity and rescued growth under ATF6 blockade. Our findings uncover ATF6 as an unexpected facilitator of oncogenic Wnt signaling in colorectal cancer.
Significance:
ATF6 intervention reduces colorectal cancer cell and organoid viability by interrupting dysregulated Wnt signaling, identifying a novel facilitator and potential therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.
Combination Resective or Ablative Epilepsy Surgery with Neurostimulation for Complex Epilepsy Networks: A Case Series
Authors: Lopez Ramos Christian G. , Shahin Maryam N. , Shafie Beck , Tan Hao , Yamamoto Erin , Rockhill Alexander P. , Fecker Adeline , Ismail Mostafa , Cleary Daniel R. , Raslan Ahmed , Ernst Lia D.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Complex epilepsy networks with multifocal onset zones that overlap with eloquent cortex may benefit from combined surgical approaches. However, limited data exist on outcomes associated with performing these therapies in tandem. In this case series, we report on 6 patients who underwent combination surgery with either resection or laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) and neuromodulation with responsive neurostimulation (RNS) or deep brain stimulation (DBS). Methods: We performed a retrospective review of adult patients with medically refractory epilepsy who underwent staged combination epilepsy surgeries during the same admission at our institution. Six cases treated between 2019 and 2023 were identified. All patients underwent a presurgical work-up including invasive intracranial monitoring and underwent a combined approach with either surgical resection, LITT, RNS, or DBS. We extracted data on demographic, clinical, and surgical characteristics. The primary outcome was change in seizure frequency from baseline. Results: The mean age was 42.7 years old (4 female). All patients had at least one epileptogenic zone in the temporal lobe, two in extratemporal neocortex, two in periventricular nodular heterotopia. For the staged combination approach, 3 patients underwent LITT followed by RNS, two underwent resection and RNS, and one received LITT and DBS. The mean reduction in seizure frequency per month at last follow-up was 90%. Postoperatively, 1 patient experienced superior visual field deficits related to LITT, and another had postoperative deep vein thrombosis. Conclusion: All patients experienced at least an 83% reduction in seizures. This case series demonstrates the potential benefits of a combined surgical approach in patients with multifocal seizures and at least one lesion that can be safely resected or ablated. Future prospective studies are warranted.
Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Essential Tremor in Fahr’s Disease: Case Report
Authors: Filo Jean , Mustroph Martina L. , Chua Melissa M.J. , White Philip J. , McDannold Nathan J. , Cosgrove G. Rees
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy effectively treats medication-resistant essential tremor (ET). Usually, intracranial calcifications are excluded as no-pass zones because of their low penetrability which may limit the effectiveness of treatment and lead to unintended side effects. This case report illustrates the efficacy of unilateral MRgFUS for tremor control in a patient with extensive basal ganglia calcifications due to Fahr’s disease. Case Presentation: A 69-year-old right-handed male with debilitating Fahn-Tolosa-Marin grade 3–4 bilateral hand tremor underwent unilateral left MRgFUS thalamotomy. The treatment involved careful preoperative planning to accommodate his extensive basal ganglia calcifications, element path consideration, and skull density ratio to ensure accurate and effective lesioning. Posttreatment, the patient exhibited complete abolition of tremor on the treated side with minor transient dysarthria and imbalance. Follow-up at 12 weeks posttreatment showed sustained tremor relief and an absence of any adverse effects, validating the procedural adjustments made to accommodate the unique challenges posed by his intracranial calcifications. Conclusion: MRgFUS can be safely and effectively applied in certain patients with extensive basal ganglia calcifications – in this case, due to Fahr’s disease. This case report suggests expanding the application of MRgFUS to patients with extensive intracranial calcifications who previously might not have been considered suitable candidates for MRgFUS.