bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
viagem como descoberta científica
Authors: Fetz Marcelo
Published: August 2021

Conexões de sentido não intencionais entre cultura de viagem e cultura científica foram benéficas à consolidação do sistema científico de pensamento no contexto pós-renascentista. A cultura de curiosidade e o culto aos fatos era parte integrante de um ethos social coletivamente compartilhado por viajantes exploradores e praticantes da história natural. As expedições científicas realizadas em meados do século XVIII e promovidas pelas academias científicas francesa e britânica evidenciam a importância da viagem para a ciência. Este artigo analisa a formação da cultura de precisão e curiosidade por meio de um levantamento histórico-sociológico das relações entre cultura de viagem e cultura científica com ênfase nas expedições científicas de La Condamine, Bougainville, James Cook, La Pérouse e o pensamento iluminista.
Synergies in critical reflective practice and science: Science as reflection and reflection as science
Authors: Mathieson Luke
Published: August 2021

The conceptions of reflective practice in education have their roots at least partly in the work of Dewey, who describes reflection as “the active, persistent, and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the grounds that support it and the further conclusions to which it tends” (Dewey 1933, p.9). This conception of reflection has carried on into more-focused efforts to describe critical reflection as a tool for improving professional practice (where academic and educational practice is the particular interest of this study); “… some puzzling or troubling or interesting phenomenon” allows the practitioner to access “the understandings which have been implicit in his action, understandings which he surfaces, criticizes, restructures, and embodies in further action” (Schön 1983, p. 50). Both of these descriptions embody a central idea of critical reflective practice: that the examination of practice involves the divination (in a rational, critical sense) of order and perhaps meaning from the facts at hand (which, in turn, are brought to light by the events that occur as the results of implementation of theory). As part of a lecture series, Gottlieb defined science as “an intellectual activity carried out by humans to understand the structure and functions of the world in which they live” (Gottlieb 1997). While science and critical reflective practice attempt to build models about different parts of our world – the natural world and the world of professional (educational) practice respectively – both embody certain underlying aims and methodologies. Indeed, it is striking that in these definitions the simple replacement of the terminology of reflective practice with the terminology of science (or vice versa) leads to a perfectly comprehensible definition of either.
It is this confluence that this paper studies, building from two separate foundations, critical reflective practice and science. Via their models and exemplars of their “models-in-practice” – action research and the scientific method – the paper forms a bridge between two empirical practices. We contend that the ability to do this is no accident, but stems from a deeper substrate that they have in common: empirical epistemology, as expressed in post-enlightenment models of the development of reliable knowledge.
Reflection for learning, learning for reflection: Developing Indigenous competencies in higher education
Authors: Bennett Dawn , Power Anne , Thomson Chris , Mason Bonita , Bartleet Brydie-Leigh
Published: August 2021

Reflection is an essential part of students’ critically reflective development within experiential-learning contexts; it is arguably even more important when working cross-culturally. This paper reports from a national, arts-based service-learning project in which students in creative arts, media and journalism, and pre-service teachers worked with Aboriginal people in urban and rural areas of Australia. The paper uses Ryan and Ryan’s (2010) 4Rs model of reflective thinking for reflective learning and assessment in higher education to ascertain the effectiveness of the project work toward engendering a reflective mindset. The paper discusses how students learned to engage in critical self-monitoring as they attended to their learning experiences, and it describes how they “wrote” their experiences and shaped their professional identities as they developed and refined the philosophy that related to their developing careers. Examples taken from the narratives of students, community partners and academic team members illustrate the principal finding, which is that through a process of guided reflection, students learned to reflect in three stages: a preliminary drawing out of existing attitudes and expectations; a midway focus on learning from and relating to past experiences; and a final focus on reciprocal learning, change and future practice. The three stages were apparent regardless of program duration. Thus, program phase rather than academic year level emerged as the most important consideration when designing the supports that promote and scaffold reflection.
A decade of embedding: Where are we now?
Authors: Maldoni Anna , Lear Emmaline
Published: August 2021

Over the last 10 years the higher education sector has undergone a myriad of changes both in student demographics and the influx of international students. With these changes, concerns about the ability of students to meet the English language and academic demands of tertiary study have come to the forefront. This paper reports on a project of embedding academic literacy into nine units across four disciplines, which spanned the duration of a decade. The paper documents the process by which the Unit Support Program (USP) evolved from a discipline-based reading program in a university preparation context to an embedded, integrated and team-taught approach in the university mainstream. It sought to determine whether the introduction of the program improved student learning in the discipline, specifically in English language and academic literacy development. Using data drawn from over 2500 students relating to progression rates, final grades, participation levels, and qualitative data relating to student and staff perceptions, this longitudinal study demonstrated a positive relationship between embedding academic literacy in the disciplines and student learning. The added benefit of academic socialisation for staff is also a reported result of this study. Although significant ongoing institutional support is needed, this paper advocates that an embedded, integrated and team-taught model should be incorporated into the first year of study.
Using a case study approach, this paper firstly explains the rationale to embed language and academic literacy development within disciplinary contexts; the framework from which the Unit Specific Model emanated; and the team teaching approach used in the delivery of the Unit Support Program (USP) across a variety of disciplines. It considers the comparative results for both participating and non-participating groups, and the impact of collaboration across the faculty on the success of USP. Finally the paper recommends strategies for the long term sustainability of these programs.
Reading the Map: Locating and Navigating the Academic Skills Development of Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Moles Janet , Wishart Llewellyn
Published: August 2021

This article reports on an action research project that was implemented to strengthen preservice teachers’ academic skills and competencies in a Bachelor of Early Childhood Education course. Strategies identified as effective included mapping assessment tasks to State and National Early Childhood Education Curriculum and Standards Frameworks and Graduate Teacher Standards and against the skills needed to complete assessment tasks. Tools and resources were developed by lecturers to identify students’ existing skill levels and then scaffold the required competencies into course teaching. The critical reflections of lecturers on their professional learning through this process were found to be integral to successful outcomes for students.
The Digital Handshake: A Group Contract for Authentic eLearning in Higher Education
Authors: Hesterman Sandra
Published: August 2021

An emerging challenge for the Australian higher education sector is the delivery of authentic eLearning to support the collaborative construction of knowledge through the provision of real-life tasks in an online environment. This paper describes research conducted in a fourth-year university course where students from across the nation were required to work in small groups to complete an online assignment task: to design a provocation that could be integrated into an early childhood learning environment to promote multiliteracies learning. A qualitative design-based study of two cohorts of students found that online group work facilitates authentic connections between educational theory and practice, and that the introduction of a ‘digital handshake’ group contract can support these processes.
Using Learning Analytics to Assess Student Learning in Online Courses
Authors: Martin Florence , Ndoye Abdou
Published: August 2021

Learning analytics can be used to enhance student engagement and performance in online courses. Using learning analytics, instructors can collect and analyze data about students and improve the design and delivery of instruction to make it more meaningful for them. In this paper, the authors review different categories of online assessments and identify data sets that can be collected and analyzed for each of them. Two different data analytics and visualization tools were used: Tableau for quantitative data and Many Eyes for qualitative data. This paper has implications for instructors, instructional designers, administrators, and educational researchers who use online assessments.
Using Debates as Assessment in a Physiotherapy Capstone Course: A Case Example
Authors: Weeks Benjamin , Laakso Liisa
Published: August 2021

While not a new teaching and learning approach, debating may be considered novel when included in a suite of more traditional teaching and learning activities. Despite the potential benefits of debates for the development of generic skills, their use in physiotherapy education remains unreported. Thus, our aim was to evaluate student satisfaction of a debate assessment item in a physiotherapy capstone course. We recruited students enrolled in a final year physiotherapy course undertaking a group debate assessment. Students were invited to complete two surveys of their expectations regarding the debate assessment, and their satisfaction after completing the debate. Students were further invited to participate in a focus group. All students participated in the debate (n = 20). Six students (30%) completed the first survey, 16 students (80%) completed the second survey, and seven students (35%) participated in the post-debate focus group. We found that before the assessment item students were apprehensive about the debate, however they felt it would be a beneficial learning experience. After the debate, students claimed they enjoyed the novel assessment and were supportive of its continued inclusion in the capstone course, however, students were ambivalent on the inclusion of debates in earlier courses in the program.
Introducing a New Learning and Teaching Evaluation Planning Framework for Small Internally Funded Projects in Higher Education
Authors: Huber Elaine
Published: August 2021

Scholarly evaluation practices in learning and teaching projects are under-reported in the literature. In order for robust evaluative measures to be implemented, a project requires a well-designed evaluation plan. This research study describes the development of a practical evaluation planning framework through an action research approach, using primary data from learning and teaching practitioners in higher education. Underpinned by the literature, this framework is accessible to a wide range of disciplinary scholars and is accompanied by a set of recommendations that together contribute to the improvement of the evaluation of learning and teaching innovations in higher education.
Outcomes-Based Assessment and Learning: Trialling Change in a Postgraduate Civil Engineering Course
Authors: El-Maaddawy Tamer , Deneen Christopher
Published: August 2021

This paper aims to demonstrate how assessment tasks can function within an outcomes-based learning framework to evaluate student attainment of learning outcomes. An outcomes-based learning framework designed to integrate teaching, learning, and assessment activities was developed and implemented in a civil engineering master-level course. The assessment instruments for this course were designed together to form a deliberate, balanced, and practical approach to evaluating student attainment of learning outcomes within the outcomes-based learning initiative. Direct evidence of student learning was derived through analysis of student results in assessment tasks constructively aligned with intended outcomes of learning. Student feedback provided indirect evidence of student attainment of learning outcomes and confirmed the effectiveness of the learning approach implemented in the course under investigation. Results of the direct assessment instruments were, generally, consistent with the student self-perception confirming achievement of learning outcomes. Students tended, however, to overestimate the level of attainment of learning outcomes. Results of the present study are anticipated to assist educators and researchers to efficiently and effectively implement and evaluate outcomes-based learning in higher education thus improving educational quality and student learning
The Structure of Discussions in an Online Communication Course: What Do Students Find Most Effective?
Authors: Jacobi Laura
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of students regarding what was effective about the way in which the asynchronous discussions were structured in an upper level online organizational communication course. Surveys from 27 student participants were used, with questions focused upon the structure of discussions in the online course as compared to other online courses and to traditional classrooms. Results indicate structured and relevant discussion prompts, small group placement, visible postings, and required weekly postings as significant factors to student success. The majority of students also found online discussions more effective than live discussions in traditional classrooms. Many of the findings offer support for Garrison, Anderson, and Archer’s (2000) Community of Inquiry (COI) Model and previous research on effective strategies in structuring online discussions.
Evaluating an Instrument to Quantify Attitude to the Subject of Physiology in Undergraduate Health Science Students
Authors: Brown Stephen , White Sue , Bowmar Alex , Power Nicola
Published: August 2021

The attitude toward a subject contributes to both academic engagement and success at university, yet it is not routinely measured in undergraduate students. Therefore, in two consecutive introductory courses in Human anatomy and physiology (HAP 1, n= 239, and HAP 2, n=329), an instrument to quantify undergraduate students’ attitude to the subject of physiology (ASPI) was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). In both HAP 1 and HAP 2, EFA indicated two latent components – affective (component 1) and cognitive (component 2). Items comprising each component were consistent for both courses, and alpha coefficients >0.7 indicated good internal consistency. Differences in affective attitude and cognitive attitude between HAP 1 and HAP 2 indicated that students had a more negative attitude to physiology in HAP 2. The ASPI may be a useful instrument to quantify affective and cognitive attitude in undergraduates studying physiology, thus complementing routine assessment of academic performance.
Experiences of Sessional Educators within an Australian Undergraduate Paramedic Program
Authors: Williams Brett , Beovich Bronwyn
Published: August 2021

Background: The use of casual staff within the university undergraduate educational setting is a widespread phenomenon worldwide. However a lack of understanding exists regarding experiences of recruitment, support, professional development and other perceived professional needs in this area. Although previous studies of the experience of sessional educators have been reported in the literature, this is the first to describe experiences within the paramedic discipline.
Objectives: To explore the experiences of sessional educators in an undergraduate program within the paramedic department of a university in Melbourne, Australia.
Methods: A qualitative methodology was used that involved 10 semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of sessional paramedic educators. Data collected from the interviews were thematically analysed to identify major issues from interview transcripts. The study was conducted in the paramedic department of a major university located in an outer metropolitan area of Melbourne, Australia.
Results: Interview analysis identified five key themes of the sessional paramedic educator experience: informal processes, program inconsistencies, preparation for teaching, connection and support, and, educator benefits.
Conclusion: This study fills a gap in the literature by describing the experiences of paramedic sessional educators, which was previously unreported. Many of the experiences expressed were commonly reported in the literature from other disciplines. Although the experiences was generally described as positive, the study identified a need for targeted support of these individuals, including formalisation of employment procedures, encouraging the open and timely transmission of information, as well as provisions for performance feedback and professional development.
Using PELA to Predict International Business Students’ English Writing Performance with Contextualised English Writing Workshops as Intervention Program
Authors: Wong Caroline , Delante Nimrod , Wang Pengji
Published: August 2021

This study examines the effectiveness of Post-Entry English Language Assessment (PELA) as a predictor of international business students’ English writing performance and academic performance. An intervention involving the implementation of contextualised English writing workshops was embedded in a specific business subject targeted at students who performed poorly on the PELA. The results reveal that PELA is a better predictor of students’ English writing performance and academic performance than their own perceptions of their English language skills, and the contextualised English writing workshops proved to be a worthwhile intervention. Students with low scores on the PELA showed significant improvement in their overall academic performance in the subject after the intervention. This improvement was reflected in their score on a major written assignment (English writing performance) and their final grade for the subject (academic performance). Moreover, students’ perceptions captured through a focus group interview and an online survey indicated a positive correlation between the intervention program and learning outcomes. The implications of this study underscore the need for regular university wide implementation of a PELA to determine students’ English writing proficiency and to align English writing workshops with tutorial and assessment activities as a pedagogic response to PELA outcomes. This approach will help students improve not only their English writing skills but also their overall academic performance.
An exploratory study investigating the impact of a differentiate framework of instruction on generalist teachers perceived confidence to teach visual arts
Authors: Eddles-Hirsch Katrina
Published: August 2021

This article reports on an exploratory study that addressed the low confidence levels of 80 generalist primary student teachers enrolled in a mandatory visual arts course. Previous studies in this area have found that a cycle of neglect exists in Australia, as a result of educators’ lack of confidence in their ability to teach visual arts. This is believed to create a knock on effect whereby generalist primary student teachers enter mandatory tertiary visual arts units with little belief in their own art ability. This exploratory study centred on proactively applying the Tomlinson Model of differentiation in an effort to raise student confidence levels. By providing students with multiple avenues to access essential course understandings, students’ perceptions to teach visual arts changed significantly by course completion. This research has significance as there is a paucity of research re the implications of implementing a differentiated model of instruction at the tertiary level
Student Perceptions of the History Lecture: Does this Delivery Mode have a Future in the Humanities?
Authors: Buchanan Thomas , Palmer Edward
Published: August 2021

This article reports on a large survey of undergraduate history students, and reveals their attitude toward lecturing, particularly in the discipline of history. We argue that the evidence shows that students like lecturing and believe it aids their learning. In particular students value enthusiasm, organization, and an interesting analysis/argument in lecture presentations. We conclude that this suggests that historians should maintain the lecture when they are able to deliver lectures with these characteristics. Otherwise, they should adopt more interactive techniques.
Blending Formative and Summative Assessment in a Capstone Subject: ‘It’s not your tools, it’s how you use them’
Authors: Houston Don , Thompson James
Published: August 2021

Discussions about the relationships between formative and summative assessment have come full circle after decades of debate. For some time formative assessment with its emphasis on feedback to students was promoted as better practice than traditional summative assessment. Summative assessment practices were broadly criticised as distanced from the learning process. More recently discussions have refocused on the potential complementary characteristics of formative and summative purposes of assessment. However studies on practical designs to link formative and summative assessment in constructive ways are rare. In paramedic education, like many other professional disciplines, strong traditions of summative assessment - assessment ‘of’ learning - have long dominated. Communities require that a graduate has been judged fit to practice. The assessment redesign described and evaluated in this paper sought to rebalance assessment relationships in a capstone paramedic subject to integrate formative assessment for learning with summative assessment of learning. Assessment was repositioned as a communication process about learning. Through a variety of frequent assessment events, judgement of student performance is accompanied with rich feedback. Each assessment event provides information about learning, unique to each student’s needs. Each assessment event shaped subsequent assessment events. Student participants in the formal evaluation of the subject indicated high levels of perceived value and effectiveness on learning across each of the assessment events, with broad agreement also demonstrated relating to student perceptions for preparedness: ‘readiness to practice’. Our approach focused on linking assessment events, resulted in assessments providing formative communication to students and summative outcome information to others simultaneously. The formative-summative dichotomy disappeared: all assessment became part of communication about learning.
Coral Reefs, Convicts, Cadavers, Coffee Shops and Couture: Customizing Experiential Learning to Increase Comfort and Engagement
Authors: Grabowsky Gail , Hargis Jace , Davidson Janet , Paynter Allison , Suh Junghwa , Wright Claire
Published: August 2021

Experiential learning (EL) can offer a high impact educational opportunity that benefits students from diverse backgrounds, creating an inclusive learning environment. Barriers to the generalization of EL can include a lack of institutional support, risk avoidance, time, and faculty instructional ability. As well EL require additional efforts from students, which can include a non-traditional perspective of cognitive, psychomotor and affective domains. The authors have experienced success in optimizing three important EL components: preparation, customization and on-site triage. We report results from a quasi-experimental qualitative study of 102 students who responded to a post-event perception survey of their comfort levels, understanding, preparation and instructor’s role. We found that students were generally positive about their EL, however; most positive of the instructor helping them feel more comfortable during the EL (x̅=3.80 on a 4.00 scale) and their feelings afterward (x̅=3.75). Students were very positive in their belief that they learned more from the EL than in a traditional class (x̅=3.75). There were positive and significant changes in students attitudes, perceptions and beliefs in the time prior to the event compared to the time during and after. Students were significantly more likely to exhibit higher comfort levels after the event than prior (t =-3.459, p < .001).
Amplifying Student Learning through Volunteering
Authors: McFadden Amanda , Smeaton Kathleen
Published: August 2021

Student volunteer experiences are ubiquitous within higher education contexts. Despite this, there is further scope for understanding the qualitatively different ways students experience volunteering. To achieve this an explicit focus on understanding volunteer experiences from the students’ perspective and the relationship these experiences have with student learning is vital. This paper used a phenomenographic research approach to present the experiences of seven students involved in an interdisciplinary volunteer program in a community literature festival. The findings revealed experiences ranging from authentic learning to more sophisticated and amplified student experiences. While all students in this study found volunteering to be beneficial, we argue that differentiation of volunteer opportunities for students strengthens the provision for rich student learning through volunteering and the potential for students to be active in social change activities through volunteering.
The Potential of Modelling Co-Teaching in Pre-Service Education
Authors: Drescher Talya
Published: August 2021

Two studies aimed to document the process of preparing for and teaching collaborative education courses and to determine students’ perception of collaboration and inclusion as a result of taking the course. Two sessions of collaborative teaching run by different professor dyads were studied over two 10-week quarters at a large public university. Multiple sources of data were collected. Ultimately, modelling collaboration and a positive attitude toward disability, collaboration, and inclusion provided professors an opportunity to help guide and shape pre-service teachers’ attitudes.
Interpreting Textbooks for BTI Students in China: Retrospection, Problems and Prospect
Authors: Wang Yue
Published: August 2021

As the language service sector continues to develop, the education for undergraduate translation majors (or BTI: BA Translation and Interpreting) calls for more solid support from well-compiled textbooks. The study investigates the general publication status of interpreting textbooks for BTI students and takes a close look at four representative examples. The findings reveal that traditional interpreting textbooks have such problems as disrespect for the rules of teaching, incomplete portrait of the interpreting profession and the failure to keep pace with the time, therefore can no longer satisfy the need that an evolving language service sector places on BTI students. Considering the teaching objectives of BTI and the new definition of “translation competence” in the “Teaching Guide for Undergraduate Translation Major” issued in 2020, the author proposes that interpreting textbooks need to enrich the teaching contents, have more interpreting practitioners as editors and integrate various modern technologies to be as multi-dimensional as possible. 
Pre- and Early-Pandemic Graduating Students’ Perceptions at a United States Business School
Authors: Blau Gary
Published: August 2021

Two separate samples of graduating business students completed online surveys in the Spring 2019 (pre-pandemic, n = 724) and Spring 2020 (early pandemic, n = 376). This research study explored changes in student grading assessment learning perceptions (GALP) between Spring of 2019 to Spring of 2020, as well as perceptions of video vault use, number of internships/co-ops completed, satisfaction with major, and satisfaction with business degree. With the abrupt change from face-to-face to all online classes in the middle of the Spring 2020 semester due to the pandemic, individual engagement GALP (e.g., attendance, participation) declined but video vault use increased. Reassuringly, other GALP scales as well as both satisfaction measures remained stable. Testing for changes in correlations from 2019 to 2020, using the four GALP scales, video vault use, and internships/co-ops completed as the independent variables and satisfaction with major and satisfaction with business degree as the dependent variables, there were several significant correlational changes. The correlation of video vault use to satisfaction with major increased from 2019 to 2020. Increased Individual Creative GALP – satisfaction with business degree, and Individual Engagement GALP – satisfaction with business degree correlations were also found. The positive Spring 2020 video vault use findings, and maintained GALP scale perceptions were at least partially due to the immediate online Zoom faculty training facilitated by the Business School Online and Digital Learning Department. However, there was a negative correlation from 2019 to 2020 in the internship/co-op completed – satisfaction with business degree. . Study limitations and future research issues with the continuing pandemic are discussed.
Livro de registro de inspetores escolares: fonte de pesquisa para a história da educação regional
Authors: Ligeiro Dulcinéia Da Conceição , David Alessandra , Lopes Silvana Fernandes
Published: August 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir alguns aspectos do trabalho do inspetor escolar no ensino primário, tomando como fonte os registros dos termos de visitas em um grupo escolar do interior paulista, no período compreendido entre 1931 e 1940. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. A análise dos registros resultou na constatação de que, dentro do ideário da Escola Nova, o que mais se desenvolveu nos grupos escolares foram as instituições assistencialistas, como a Caixa Escolar, e que os inspetores escolares contribuíram para a divulgação do nacionalismo imposto por Getúlio Vargas, assim como para a expansão da escolarização no estado de São Paulo.
Avaliação técnica-econômica do uso da energia solar fotovoltaica em supermercados: um estudo de caso
Authors: Almeida Júnior Márcio Dos Santos , Altoé Leandra
Published: August 2021

O uso de sistemas de geração distribuída tem sido uma alternativa procurada por gestores de estabelecimentos comerciais para reduzir custos com insumos energéticos. Objetivou-se com este trabalho analisar a viabilidade técnica-econômica da instalação de um sistema solar fotovoltaico em um supermercado, localizado no município de Jacinto - Minas Gerais. O sistema foi analisado utilizando o programa PVSyst e os indicadores Valor Presente Líquido (VPL), Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR) e Tempo de Retorno de Capital (TRC). Encontrou-se VPL de R$ 447.081,76, TIR de 24% e TRC de 4 anos e 1 mês para a aquisição à vista do sistema; e VPL de R$ 407.417,31, TIR de 19% e TRC de 5 anos para aquisição por financiamento bancário. Portanto, o emprego de energia solar em supermercados tem o potencial de aumentar a competitividade destes estabelecimentos, além de contribuir para o desenvolvimento sustentável, cada vez mais exigido pelo mercado e pela sociedade.
O planejamento de suprimentos utilizando-se a teoria de filas e simulação computacional em uma oficina de recuperação de componentes de vagões
Authors: Felix Josemar Coelho , Peixoto Camila Silva , Edwiges Camila Aparecida
Published: August 2021

As empresas são mais competitivas, se elas tiverem um controle eficiente dos seus suprimentos. A aplicação da pesquisa operacional, com a utilização de ferramentas computacionais, pode ser uma alternativa de auxílio para evitar problemas no processo ferroviário. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo, utilizar da mensuração dos parâmetros oriundos da Teoria de Filas e da simulação com o software Arena, além de ter um melhor diagnostico da previsão dos suprimentos na restauração de truques em uma oficina da MRS Logística. Com o estudo de caso aqui descrito, foi possível ter uma reflexão sobre a importância da simulação na produtividade, pois verificou que a variação do tempo de produção da manutenção, pode causar problemas no planejamento orçamentário do processo de manutenção dos truques.
Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems in agriculture
Authors: Semenov A. , Sakhno T. , Sakhno Y.
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The article aims to study the photobiological safety of ultraviolet radiation of UV lamps in agriculture. Design/methodology/approach: The research and analysis of the lighting characteristics of samples of LUF 80 and LE 30 lamps, which are the most widely used in the agrarian complex. Findings: Experimental studies have shown that the photobiological safety of LUF 80 lamps belongs to the low-risk group RG1, while LE 30 lamps show high risk and are thus assigned to group RG3. Research limitations/implications: It is advisable to continue studying the characteristics of lamps and lamp systems for various fields of agriculture on the market in Ukraine to assess their compliance with safety requirements. Practical implications: The application of the proposed approach allows increasing the level of labor safety in commercial greenhouses or any other industry by choosing the suitable lamps for agriculture that at present are not regulated by additional safety measures. Originality/value: The originality of the article is showing the results of the experimental data of the studies of light-technical characteristics of ultraviolet lamps for agriculture.
Peculiarities of the operation of the oil pipeline in the process of its cleaning from paraffin deposition
Authors: Serediuk M.D.
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Improving the technology of cleaning the inner surface of the main oil pipelines
from paraffin deposition by specifying the hydrodynamic parameters of the movement of the
cleaning device in the cavity of the pipeline, by more accurate prediction of the time of its
approach to the final point of purification.
Design/methodology/approach: Performing theoretical researches and application of
mathematical modelling methods in order to establish the regularities of the cleaning device
movement in the oil pipeline.
Findings: Regularities of changes in the capacity of the pipeline, the speed of the cleaning
process, the specific energy consumption for oil transportation as a function of the linear
coordinates of the place and time of the cleaning device movement in the pipeline were
established.
Research limitations/implications: The next stage of research is to establish the
influence of the characteristics of the viscoplastic fluid of the paraffin plug on the additional
resistance and the mode of the cleaning device movement in the pipeline.
Practical implications: It was developed the method that allows predicting the capacity
and energy efficiency of the pipeline operation for each point in time of the process of
cleaning from paraffin deposition.
Originality/value: The originality of the method is the taking into account the additional
hydraulic resistance of the paraffin plug and the available energy resources of oil pumping
stations on the hydrodynamic process of moving the cleaning device in the oil pipeline.
Review of Modern Helicopter Constructions and an Outline of Rotorcraft Design Parameters
Authors: KACHEL Stanisław , ROGÓLSKI Robert , KOCJAN Jakub
Published: August 2021

This work contains the results of a modern helicopter construction analysis. It includes the comparison of almost seventy rotorcraft constructions in terms of size in line with EASA requirements – large and small helicopters. The helicopters are also divided because of a mission purpose. The proposed division for large aircrafts is: transport, multipurpose, attack and for small aircrafts: observation, training, and utility. The aircraft construction features are described. Average dimension values of airframes and rotors are shown. Helicopter rotor arrangements are presented in terms of an operational purpose. Next, the rotorcraft design inputs are described. The mathematical formulas for design inputs are given. The ratios are calculated and gathered for the compared aircrafts. Correlation between the analysed parameters is presented on charts. Design inputs are also presented in the paper as a function of MTOW. The function trends are determined to provide an evaluation tool for helicopter designers. In addition, the parameters are presented as possible optimisation variables.
Probability of an Intermediate (Reduced Operational) State
Authors: SZCZEPAŃSKI Paweł
Published: August 2021

This work examines with the form of the well-known sum: p + q = 1 – which is the sum of the probabilities of opposite events, in particular: the sum of the probabilities of the operational and non-operational (failure) states of a single element (a creation characterised by one output and any number of inputs). It was found that without significantly compromising the accuracy of the previous analyses, it was possible to introduce an additional component to the sum: iiipq3, a component that embodies the probability of an intermediate state, or a reduced operational state. With a constant value of the sum of the components in question, their variation as a function of probability q was determined, following which in the function of the same variable the variation of the entropy of an element's i state was examined using Chapman-Kolmogorov equations; here the focus was on investigating the intensity of the transition from the operational state to the non-operational state or an intermediate state, and from an intermediate state to the non-operational state.
The meaning of intermediate probability was also referenced to the object: its diagnostic program, the entropy of structure, the full set of discriminable states, and the relevant transition intensities. It became indispensable in this respect to describe the object using the language of graph theory, in which the basic concepts are layers and an availability matrix. It should be noted that the subject object is an entity that comprises a set of individual elements, with a number and structure of connections that are consistent with the purpose of this entity.
Comparative Analysis of the Trajectories of Projectiles Fired from Polish Small Arms Systems: MSBS-5.56 and BERYL
Authors: SZMIT Łukasz , ZAHOR Mirosław
Published: August 2021

This paper presents the results of the theoretical external ballistic calculations for projectiles fired from barrels which correspond to the barrels used in two Polish small arms systems: MSBS- 5.56 system (MSBS GROT standard rifle and MSBS GROT carbine) and BERYL system (BERYL standard rifle and MINI BERYL carbine). The results obtained allowed the analyse of the effects of barrel length and the associated initial projectile velocity on the nature of projectile trajectory, particularly the over height and projectile range obtained along the trajectories. The analysis of the results facilitated an assessment of the scope of proposed changes in the settings of the firearm sights, resulting from the use of barrels of different lengths and the consequential changes in projectile trajectory.
Assessment of a Displaced Pedestrian Crossing for Multilane Arterials
Authors: Nafakh Abdullah Jalal , Zhang Yunchang , Hubbard Sarah , Fricker Jon D.
Published: August 2021

This research explores the benefits of a pedestrian crosswalk that is physically displaced from the intersection, using simulation software to estimate the benefits in terms of delay and pedestrian travel time. In many cases, the displaced pedestrian crossing may provide benefits such as reduced vehicle delay, reduced crossing distance, increased opportunity for signal progression, and reduced conflicts with turning vehicles. The concurrent pedestrian service that is traditionally used presents potential conflicts between pedestrians and three vehicular movements: right turns, permissive left turns, and right turns on red. The findings of this research suggest that a displaced pedestrian crossing should be considered as an option by designers when serving pedestrians crossing multi-lane arterials. In addition to reduced delay, pedestrian safety may be improved due to the shorter crossing distance, the elimination of conflicts with turning vehicles, and the potential for high driver compliance rates associated with signals, such as pedestrian hybrid beacons.
Baigiamųjų projektų rengimo gairės
Authors: Gaulė Eglė , Petrauskienė Rūta , Rauleckas Rimantas , Segalovičienė Irena
Published: August 2021

Baigiamieji projektai – vieni svarbiausių studijų darbų, kuriems reikia skirti daug laiko, pastangų ir svarbiausia – gerai išmanyti jų rengimo gaires. Šioje metodinėje priemonėje sutalpinta visa svarbiausia informacija, kuri padės parengti reikalavimus atitinkančius baigiamuosius projektus ir leis formuoti fundamentinio ar taikomojo mokslo darbo įgūdžius, ugdyti savarankiškumą bei aukštą tyrimo atlikimo kultūrą. Tik įsigilinę į baigiamojo projekto tipus, paskirtį ir išanalizavę galimus skirtumus, prieisite prie kitos svarbios dalies – rengimo gairių, kuriose glaustai aprašyti bendrieji struktūros reikalavimai, o darbo struktūros dalys atskirai aptariamos kiekviename poskyryje. Dėl šios priežasties, tiek studentai, tiek dėstytojai galės lengvai ir patogiai naudotis šia metodine priemone ir ras jiems svarbiausias dalis, kurias norima išsiaiškinti ar pagilinti. Nors leidinys paruoštas KTU bendruomenės mokslininkų, tačiau jis gali būti aktualus ir kitų Lietuvos universitetų baigiamųjų kursų studentams ir baigiamųjų projektų vadovams.
Multiple Choice Questions with Different Numbers of Options in University Putra Malaysia Undergraduate Medical Program: A Comparative Analysis in 2017 and 2018
Authors: Adam Siti Khadijah , Idris Faridah , Jahn Kassim Puteri Shanaz , Zakaria Nor Fadhlina , Hod Rafidah
Published: August 2021

Background: Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are used for measuring the student’s progress, and they should be analyzed properly to guarantee the item’s appropriateness. The analysis usually determines three indices of an item; difficulty or passing index (PI), discrimination index (DI), and distractor efficiency (DE). Objectives: This study was aimed to analyze the multiple-choice questions in the preclinical and clinical examinations with different numbers of options in medical program of Universiti Putra Malaysia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Forty multiple-choice questions with four options from the preclinical examination and 80 multiple-choice questions with five options from the clinical examination in 2017 and 2018 were analyzed using optical mark recognition machine and Ms. Excel. The parameters included PI, DI, and DE. Results: The average difficulty level of multiple-choice questions for preclinical and clinical phase examinations were similar in 2017 and 2018 that were considered ‘acceptable’ and ‘ideal’ ranged from 0.55 to 0.60, respectively. The average DIs were similar in all examinations that were considered ‘good’ (ranged from 0.25 to 0.31) except in 2018 clinical phase examination that showed ‘poor’ items (DI = 0.20 ± 0.11). The questions for preclinical phase showed an increase in the number of ‘excellent’ and ‘good’ items in 2018 from 37.5% to 70.0%. There was an increase of 10.0% for preclinical phase, and 6.25% for clinical phase, in the number of items with no non-functioning distractors in 2018. Among all, preclinical multiple-choice questions in 2018 showed the highest mean of DE (71.67%). Conclusions: Our findings suggested that there was an improvement in the questions from preclinical phase while more training on questions preparation and continuous feedback should be given to clinical phase teachers. A higher number of options did not affect the level of difficulty of a question; however, the discrimination power and distractors efficiency might differ.
Review of the braconid parasitoid subfamily Doryctinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from the United Arab Emirates and Yemen
Authors: Belokobylskij Sergey A. , Van Achterberg Cornelis
Published: August 2021

Yemen is provided for the first time. The following genera are recorded in the southern Arabian Peninsula for the first time: tribe Doryctini – Hemispathius Belokobylskij & Quicke, 2000 and Doryctes Haliday, 1836; tribe Spathiini – Parana Nixon, 1941 and Spathius Nees, 1819; tribe Hecabolini – Hemidoryctes Belokobylskij, 1992 and Parallorhogas Marsh, 1993; tribe Heterospilini – Heterospilus Haliday 1936; tribe Rhaconotini – Platyspathius Viereck, 1911 and Rhaconotinus Hedqvist, 1965. Sixteen species and one subspecies are described as new for science: Dendrosotinus (Gildoria) maculipennis Belokobylskij sp. nov., D. (G.) subelongatus Belokobylskij sp. nov., Doryctes (Neodoryctes) arrujumi Belokobylskij sp. nov., Parana arabica Belokobylskij sp. nov., Spathius alkadanus Belokobylskij sp. nov., S. austroarabicus Belokobylskij sp. nov., S. lahji Belokobylskij sp. nov., S. subafricanus Belokobylskij sp. nov., Hecabalodes maculatus Belokobylskij sp. nov., Platyspathius (Platyspathius) longicaudis Belokobylskij sp. nov., P. (P.) brevis Belokobylskij sp. nov., Rhaconotinus albosetosus Belokobylskij sp. nov., Rhaconotus brevicellularis Belokobylskij sp. nov., Rh. magniareolus Belokobylskij sp. nov., Rh. microexcavatus Belokobylskij sp. nov., Rh. vanharteni Belokobylskij sp. nov. and Hemidoryctes carbonarius postfurcalis Belokobylskij subsp. nov. Two new generic combinations are proposed: Hemispathius pilosus (Granger, 1949) comb. nov. (transferred from Doryctes) and Parallorhogas testaceus (Szépligeti, 1914) comb. nov. (transferred from Opius). Rhaconotus decaryi Granger, 1949 is here synonymised with Rh. menippus Nixon, 1939 (syn. nov.). A lectotype for Doryctes pilosus Granger, 1949 is designated. The following species are recorded for the UAE and/or Yemen for the first time: Dendrosotinus ferrugineus (Marshall, 1888), Hemispathius pilosus (Granger, 1949), Mimodoryctes proprius Belokobylskij, 2001, M. arabicus Edmardash, Gadallah & Soliman, 2020, Spathius nixoni Belokobylskij & Maetô, 2009, Hecabalodes anthaxiae Wilkinson, 1929, H. radialis Tobias, 1962, H. xylophagi Fischer, 1962, Parallorhogas testaceus (Szépligeti, 1914), Heterospilus (Eoheterospilus) rubrocinctus (Ashmead, 1905), Rhaconotinus menippus (Nixon, 1939), Rhaconotus arabicus Belokobylskij, 2001, Rh. manolus Nixon, 1941, Rh. scirpophagae Wilkinson, 1927 and Rh. sudanensis Wilkinson, 1927.