bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Specific Targeting of Triptorelin-Conjugated Dextran-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles as a Targeted Probe in GnRH+ Cancer Cells in MRI
Authors: Yousefvand Milad , Mohammadi Zahra , Ghorbani Farzaneh , Irajirad Rasoul , Abedi Hormoz , Seyedi Somayyeh , Papi Arash , Montazerabadi Alireza
Published: May 2021

In recent years, the conjugation of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), as tumor-imaging probes for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with tumor targeting peptides possesses promising advantages for specific delivery of MRI agents. The objective of the current study was to design a targeted contrast agent for MRI based on Fe3O4 nanoparticles conjugated triptorelin (SPION@triptorelin), which has a great affinity to the GnRH receptors. The SPIONs-coated carboxymethyl dextran (SPION@CMD) conjugated triptorelin (SPION@CMD@triptorelin) were synthesized using coprecipitation method and characterized by DLS, TEM, XRD, FTIR, Zeta, and VSM techniques. The relaxivities of synthetized formulations were then calculated using a 1.5 Tesla clinical magnetic field. MRI, quantitative cellular uptake, and cytotoxicity level of them were estimated. The characterization results confirmed that the formation of SPION@CMD@triptorelin has been conjugated with a suitable size. Our results demonstrated the lack of cellular cytotoxicity of SPION@CMD@triptorelin, and it could increase the cellular uptake of SPIONs to MDA-MB-231 cancer cells 6.50-fold greater than to SPION@CMD at the concentration of 75 μM. The relaxivity calculations for SPION@CMD@triptorelin showed a suitable r2 and r2/r1 with values of 31.75 mM−1·s−1 and 10.26, respectively. Our findings confirm that triptorelin-targeted SPIONs could provide a T2-weighted probe contrast agent that has the great potential for the diagnosis of GnRH-positive cancer in MRI.
A Systematic Review of Antiaging Effects of 23 Traditional Chinese Medicines
Authors: Wang Lixin , Zuo Xu , Ouyang Zhuoer , Qiao Ping , Wang Fang
Published: May 2021

Background. Aging is an inevitable stage of body development. At the same time, aging is a major cause of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. Chinese herbal medicine is a natural substance that can effectively delay aging and is expected to be developed as antiaging drugs in the future. Aim of the review. This paper reviews the antiaging effects of 23 traditional Chinese herbal medicines or their active components. Materials and methods. We reviewed the literature published in the last five years on Chinese herbal medicines or their active ingredients and their antiaging role obtained through the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science. Results. A total of 2485 papers were found, and 212 papers were screened after removing the duplicates and reading the titles. Twenty-three studies met the requirements of this review and were included. Among these studies, 13 articles used Caenorhabditis elegans as the animal model, and 10 articles used other animal models or cell lines. Conclusion. Chinese herbal medicines or their active components play an antiaging role by regulating genes related to aging through a variety of signaling pathways. Chinese herbal medicines are expected to be developed as antiaging drugs or used in the medical cosmetology industry.
Basil Polysaccharide Reverses Development of Experimental Model of Sepsis-Induced Secondary Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia
Authors: Chen Xi , He Yue , Wei Qiang , Wang Chuanjiang
Published: May 2021

Background. Basil polysaccharide (BPS) represents a main active ingredient extracted from basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), which can regulate secondary bacterial pneumonia development in the process of sepsis-mediated immunosuppression. Methods. In this study, a dual model of sepsis-induced secondary pneumonia with cecal ligation and puncture and intratracheal instillation of Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa was constructed. Results. The results indicated that BPS-treated mice undergoing CLP showed resistance to secondary S. aureus pneumonia. Compared with the IgG-treated group, BPS-treated mice exhibited better survival rate along with a higher bacterial clearance rate. Additionally, BPS treatment attenuated cell apoptosis, enhanced lymphocyte and macrophage recruitment to the lung, promoted pulmonary cytokine production, and significantly enhanced CC receptor ligand 4 (CCL4). Notably, recombinant CCL4 protein could enhance the protective effect on S. aureus-induced secondary pulmonary infection of septic mice, which indicated that BPS-induced CCL4 partially mediated resistance to secondary bacterial pneumonia. In addition, BPS priming markedly promoted the phagocytosis of alveolar macrophages while killing S. aureus in vitro, which was related to the enhanced p38MAPK signal transduction pathway activation. Moreover, BPS also played a protective role in sepsis-induced secondary S. aureus pneumonia by inducing Treg cell differentiation. Conclusions. Collectively, these results shed novel lights on the BPS treatment mechanism in sepsis-induced secondary S. aureus pneumonia in mice.
Angiotensin Receptor Blocker and Calcium Channel Blocker Preventing Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence in Patients with Hypertension and Atrial Fibrillation: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Haotian , Jiang Hongcheng , Feng Jing , Gan Yong
Published: May 2021

Background. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common serious cardiac rhythm disturbances and is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality in general population. Hypertension is the most prevalent and potentially modifiable risk factor for AF. This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) or calcium channel blocker (CCB) on AF recurrence among patients with hypertension and AF. Methods. The PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, and Cochrane Collaboration of Controlled Clinical Trials registry databases were searched from their inception to September 2020. Results. A total of 7 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) enrolling 1495 patients were included in our study. This finding showed that ARB had a statistically significant superiority in preventing AF recurrence (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.30-0.72,

P
=
0.0006

) and persistent AF (OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.24-0.71,

P
=
0.001

) compared to CCB. Subgroup analysis showed that there was a significant difference in telmisartan subgroup (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.23-1.29,

P
=
0.17

) and nontelmisartan subgroup (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.23-0.77,

P
=
0.005

). Subgroup analysis indicated that nifedipine subgroup did not show a statistically significant difference on AF recurrence between ARB and CCB (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.46-1.68,

P
=
0.69

), but amlodipine subgroup showed that ARB had a significant superiority in prevention of AF recurrence (OR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.27-0.56,

P
<
0.0001

) compared with CCB. Conclusions. This study suggests that ARB is superior to CCB for preventing the AF recurrence and persistent AF among patients with hypertension and AF.
Changes in Macular Microvascular Structure in Macular Edema Secondary to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion Treated with Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor for One Year
Authors: Song Shuang , Yu Xiaobing , Zhang Peng , Dai Hong
Published: May 2021

Purpose. To observe the changes in macular microvascular structure and the correlation between anatomy and visual function in patients with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) treated with antivascular endothelial growth factor for one year. Methods. This prospective study enrolled 39 patients (one eye per patient) who received intravitreal injections of ranibizumab for macular edema secondary to BRVO. All patients received a minimum of 3 initial monthly ranibizumab injections and criteria-driven pro re nata (PRN) dosing thereafter for visual acuity (VA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) stabilization. The follow-up period of this study was one year. The vascular density (VD) of the superficial retinal capillary plexus (SCP) and deep retinal capillary plexus (DCP), the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, the FAZ perimeter, the VD within a 300 μm wide ring surrounding the FAZ (FD-300), and the acircularity index (AI) were measured automatically by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) at baseline, month 6, and month 12. Results. Compared with those before treatment, the VD of the SCP significantly decreased 6 months after treatment (

P
<
0.05

), while the area and perimeter of the FAZ increased significantly (

P
<
0.01

). After 12 months of treatment, the area and perimeter of the FAZ increased significantly (

P
<
0.01

). There was no significant difference in any parameters between 12 months and 6 months after treatment (

P
>
0.05

). The change in BCVA was negatively correlated with the VD of the SCP at 12 months (

P
=
0.0447

, r = −0.3233). There was a relationship between the DBP and AI, and CRT was related to VD of DCP at baseline (

P
=
0.028
,
 
0.0209

; r = 0.383, −0.384). The PERIM and AI at 12 months were significantly associated with the recurrence of macular edema, and the changes in vascular density in the SCP and PERIM were significantly associated with the number of injections within 12 months (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusions. One year after ranibizumab treatment, the area and perimeter of the FAZ were enlarged, while the VD of the SCP and DCP remained stable, which indicated that ranibizumab treatment did not improve macular blood supply and macular ischemia in BRVO patients.
Real-Time Arrhythmia Classification Algorithm Using Time-Domain ECG Feature Based on FFNN and CNN
Authors: Cai Jing , Zhou Ge , Dong Mengkun , Hu Xinlei , Liu Guangda , Ni Weiguang
Published: May 2021

To solve the problem of real-time arrhythmia classification, this paper proposes a real-time arrhythmia classification algorithm using deep learning with low latency, high practicality, and high reliability, which can be easily applied to a real-time arrhythmia classification system. In the algorithm, a classifier detects the QRS complex position in real time for heartbeat segmentation. Then, the ECG_RRR feature is constructed according to the heartbeat segmentation result. Finally, another classifier classifies the arrhythmia in real time using the ECG_RRR feature. This article uses the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database and divides the 44 qualified records into two groups (DS1 and DS2) for training and evaluation, respectively. The result shows that the recall rate, precision rate, and overall accuracy of the algorithm’s interpatient QRS complex position prediction are 98.0%, 99.5%, and 97.6%, respectively. The overall accuracy for 5-class and 13-class interpatient arrhythmia classification is 91.5% and 75.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the real-time arrhythmia classification algorithm proposed in this paper has the advantages of practicability and low latency. It is easy to deploy the algorithm since the input is the original ECG signal with no feature processing required. And, the latency of the arrhythmia classification is only the duration of one heartbeat cycle.
Meta‐Analytic Review of High Anxiety Comorbidity among Patients with Vitiligo
Authors: Liu Jiani , Tang Rui , Xiao Yangfan , Luo Mei , Shi Yaqian , Deng Qiancheng , Zhang Huiming , Zeng Zhoutong , Pi Zixin , Xiao Rong
Published: May 2021

Background. Vitiligo is a disfiguring skin disease with profound psychosocial impacts, such as anxiety, but the reported effect sizes of associations vary. We aimed to conduct a meta‐analysis to quantify the strength of association between anxiety and vitiligo and to estimate the prevalence of anxiety among individuals with vitiligo. Methods. A systematic literature search was performed in five online databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO) from inception until March 20, 2020. All of the eligible studies were comprehensively reviewed, and all of the available data were analyzed according to our predefined criteria. Results. Twenty‐one studies involving 3259 patients in 11 countries were included in this meta‐analysis. Compared with the healthy control group, patients with vitiligo often had concomitant anxiety (OR = 6.14 [95% CI: 3.35–11.24], I2 = 30.1%). The pooled prevalence of anxiety in female patients was significantly higher than that in males (OR = 2.24 [95% CI: 1.31–3.84], I2 = 0.0%). Subgroup analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of clinical anxiety disorder and anxiety symptoms was 12% (95% CI: 7%–16%, I2 = 76.3%) and 34% (95% CI: 21%–46%, I2 = 94.7%), respectively. No publication bias has been detected by Begg’s funnel plot and Egger’s test. Conclusion. Patients with vitiligo have high anxiety comorbidity, with female predominance. Dermatologists and psychiatrists should be vigilant to the presence of anxiety, apply appropriate interventions to reduce the psychological impacts in a timely manner, and thus promote recovery in vitiligo patients. However, due to some objective limitations (poor information about the OR and diversity in assessment tools among included studies), findings should be interpreted with caution.
Examining Serendipitous Encounters and Self-Determination in Twitter-Enabled Innovation
Authors: Pirkkalainen Henri , Olshannikova Ekaterina , Olsson Thomas , Huhtamäki Jukka
Published: May 2021

Serendipity refers to unexpected encounters with ideas or insights and their intentional application to achieve favorable outcomes. Despite extensive prior studies, the concept lacks theoretical logic and empirical validation regarding the role of an intentional act in the relationship between serendipitous encounters and their favorable outcomes. Drawing from self-determination theory, we develop a model that highlights the role of needs satisfaction in explaining this relationship. Positioning the empirical context to fortunate discoveries of information and social connections in professional use of Twitter, we validate the model by a cross-sectional survey study of 473 users. The model builds on the observation that individuals’ serendipitous encounters are associated with Twitter-enabled innovation, that is, a contextualized form of task innovation. The study findings support the research model revealing that serendipitous encounters are positively associated with needs satisfaction and that needs satisfaction is positively associated with Twitter-enabled innovation. In other words, fortunate discoveries of new information and contacts increase Twitter users’ intent to utilize the platform in new ways to accomplish work when the three key psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness are satisfied.
Early Surgical Intervention Improves Survival in Acute Intestinal Ischemia in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Bukhari Hassan Adnan , Kumar Anand
Published: May 2021

The study is aimed at assessing whether the early surgical intervention improves survival in acute mesenteric ischemia with septic shock. A retrospective study design was applied to review the charts of patients admitted to the intensive care unit. The data were collected through a review of the full patient chart including physician and nursing notes, pathology reports, intraoperative findings, CT findings, and endoscopy. The diagnosis of AMI for each patient was determined through clinical presentation/endoscopic visualization/laboratory results/radiographic imaging, surgical exam (tissue or visual) and/or autopsy. Death and survival were evaluated between short and long‐time‐interval for septic shock groups using the chi‐square test followed by calculating the P value. Total survival among the surgery group was 60 patients (95.24%) compared to 3 (4.76%) survival among patients who did not have surgery. The time from the onset of a shock to the time of surgical incision was calculated. The mean time to surgery was 17.7 hours. Total 65 patients (29.52%) had surgery between 4 and 12 hours from the onset of hypotension. Survivals among this group of patients were 41.7% (n = 25). The survival difference was statistically significant than died patients with respect to the time of surgical intervention (P = <0.001). Early removal of ischemic bowel in patients with AII‐related surgery has improved survival.
The Treatment with Complementary and Alternative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Menstrual Disorders with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Zhang Yuehui , Guo Xiaozhu , Ma Shuting , Ma Haoyue , Li Hang , Wang Yi , Qin Zhen , Wu Xiaoke , Han Yaguang , Han Yanhua
Published: May 2021

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a frequent gynecological female endocrinopathy, characterized by chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and insulin resistance (IR). Menstrual disorders are one of the main clinical manifestations of PCOS. Other symptoms include hirsutism and/acne. At present, the treatment of PCOS with irregular menstruation is mainly based on oral contraceptives, but there are some side effects and adverse reactions. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), which has been widely used in clinical practice. Modern Western medicine is called “conventional medicine” or “orthodox medicine,” and the complementary and alternative medicine is called “unconventional medicine” or “unorthodox medicine.” CAM includes traditional medicine and folk therapy around the world. Around 65–80% of world health management business is classified into traditional medicine by the World Health Organization, which is used as alternative medicine in Western countries. In our country, Chinese medicine, acupuncture, and other therapies are commonly used due to their significant efficacy and higher safety. Therefore, this review aims to summarize and evaluate the mechanisms and the effect of current complementary replacement therapy in the treatment of menstrual disorders caused by PCOS, so as to provide guidance for the following basic and clinical research.
A Secure IoT‐Based Cloud Platform Selection Using Entropy Distance Approach and Fuzzy Set Theory
Authors: Chakraborty Alakananda , Jindal Muskan , Khosravi Mohammad R. , Singh Prabhishek , Shankar Achyut , Diwakar Manoj
Published: May 2021

With the growing emergence of the Internet connectivity in this era of Gen Z, several IoT solutions have come into existence for exchanging large scale of data securely, backed up by their own unique cloud service providers (CSPs). It has, therefore, generated the need for customers to decide the IoT cloud platform to suit their vivid and volatile demands in terms of attributes like security and privacy of data, performance efficiency, cost optimization, and other individualistic properties as per unique user. In spite of the existence of many software solutions for this decision‐making problem, they have been proved to be inadequate considering the distinct attributes unique to individual user. This paper proposes a framework to represent the selection of IoT cloud platform as a MCDM problem, thereby providing a solution of optimal efficacy with a particular focus in user‐specific priorities to create a unique solution for volatile user demands and agile market trends and needs using optimized distance‐based approach (DBA) aided by Fuzzy Set Theory.
Adaptive Fixed-Time Tracking Consensus Control for Multiagent Nonlinear Pure-Feedback Systems with Performance Constraints
Authors: Li Pinwei , Dai Jiyang , Ying Jin
Published: May 2021

This paper investigates adaptive fixed-time tracking consensus control problems for multiagent nonlinear pure-feedback systems with performance constraints. Compared with existing results of first/second/high-order multiple agent systems, the studied systems have more complex nonlinear dynamics with each agent being modeled as a high-order pure-feedback form. The mean value theorem is introduced to address the problem of nonaffine structure in nonlinear pure-feedback systems. Meanwhile, radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) are employed to approximate unknown functions. Furthermore, a constraint variable is used to guarantee that all local tracking errors are within the prescribed boundaries. It is shown that, by utilizing the proposed consensus control protocol, each tracking consensus error can converge into a neighborhood around zero within designed fixed time, the tracking consensus performance can be ensured during the whole process, and all signals in the investigated systems are bounded. Finally, two simulations are performed and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Efficient Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption Constructions with Outsourced Encryption and Decryption
Authors: El Gafif Hassan , Toumanari Ahmed
Published: May 2021

The invention of the Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption scheme opened a new perspective for realizing attribute-based access control systems without being forced to trust the storage service provider, which is the case in traditional systems where data are sent to the storage service provider in clear and the storage service provider is the party that controls the access to these data. In the Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption model, the data owner encrypts data using an attribute-based access structure before sending them to the storage service, and only users with authorized sets of attributes can successfully decrypt the generated ciphertext. However, Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption schemes employ expensive operations (i.e., bilinear pairings and modular exponentiations) and generate long ciphertexts and secret keys, which makes them hard to implement in real-life applications especially for resource-constrained devices. In this paper, we propose two Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption Key Encapsulation Mechanisms that can be provided as services in the cloud, minimizing the user’s encryption and decryption costs without exposing any sensitive information to the public cloud provider. In the first scheme, the ABE Service Provider is considered fully untrusted. On the other hand, the second scheme requires the ABE Service Provider to be semi-trusted (Honest-but-Curious) and does not collude with illegitimate users. Both schemes are proved to be selectively CPA-secure in the random oracle. The theoretical and experimental performance results show that both our first and second schemes are more efficient than the reviewed outsourced CP-ABE schemes in terms of user-side computation, communication, and storage costs.
The Integration of Blockchain Technology and Smart Grid: Framework and Application
Authors: Du Xiaomin , Qi Ying , Chen Beibei , Shan Biaoan , Liu Xinyu
Published: May 2021

Based on the diffusion of blockchain technology in the smart grid, this paper studies the framework and application of the blockchain technology in the smart grid, so as to combine the blockchain with the smart grid and establish a sustainable supply chain. However, the establishment of a sustainable supply chain is based on a layered theoretical framework. Not only should the framework take into account needless attributes and the relationship among various criteria and aspects but the application should also involve a balance of multiple stakeholders. For the above reasons, this paper uses a combination of Fuzzy-DEMATEL and ISM. The results show that (1) the hierarchical path of sustainable supply chain management of the smart grid under the blockchain starts from the social level, pays attention to system construction, grasps the technical standards, and defines the development goals of the power grid. (2) The development of green energy has become a new market growth point. (3) The control of the operation level becomes the focus of the smart grid. (4) The optimization and development of the economic structure are restricted by social factors. By integrating and optimizing the blockchain and supply chain, this paper puts forward a theoretical framework, establishes a sustainable GIP application system with multistakeholder participation at the supply chain level, and indicates the significance of the blockchain in the smart grid.
Laboratory Model Test Research on Mechanical Characteristics of Anchor in Loess Tunnel under the Action of Pull‐Out Load
Authors: Su Zhongming , Chen Jianxun , Luo Yanbin , He Xin
Published: May 2021

The deformation mode of loess surrounding rock of anchor under the action of pull‐out load and the shear stress distribution law of loess anchor and loess interface under the condition of different lengths anchor are studied by using the laboratory self‐made model test chamber and micro anchor pullout instrument. A total of three tests are carried out for the selected test anchor. Three deformation modes of loess surrounding rock under the action of pull‐out load are obtained according to the test results. It is proposed that the maximum shear stress of loess anchor under the action of pull‐out load appears in the section 25 times the anchor diameter from the anchor head, and the shear stress in the middle and rear part of the anchor body can only be brought into full play when the length‐to‐diameter ratio of the anchor body is 110 or more. Based on the displacement solution of Mindlin problem, the drawn conclusion is compared with the theoretical solution of shear stress and axial force of loess anchor under the action of pull‐out load. The results compared are basically consistent, indicating that the conclusion has strong engineering practice, which can provide technical basis for the design and optimization of the system anchor in the sidewall of loess tunnel.
¿Es conveniente subir el salario mínimo en el contexto actual?
Authors: Tejada Mauricio
Published: May 2021

De acuerdo con lo pactado sobre el reajuste del salario firmado entre el gobierno y la Central Única de Trabajadores (CUT) en 2020, el nuevo proceso de negociación para el 2021 se inició formalmente este mes de abril. En esta oportunidad, y como ha sido la tónica en el pasado, la CUT propone que el reajuste incremente el salario mínimo hasta los 500.000 pesos, lo que implicaría un aumento de 53% respecto del salario mínimo vigente de 326.500 pesos (o aproximadamente 50% si se ajusta por inflación). Continuar leyendo...
EVIDENCE Publication Checklist for Studies Evaluating Connected Sensor Technologies: Explanation and Elaboration
Authors: Manta Christine , Mahadevan Nikhil , Bakker Jessie , Ozen Irmak Simal , Izmailova Elena , Park Siyeon , Poon Jiat-Ling , Shevade Santosh , Valentine Sarah , Vandendriessche Benjamin , Webster Courtney , Goldsack Jennifer C.
Published: May 2021

The EVIDENCE (EValuatIng connecteD sENsor teChnologiEs) checklist was developed by a multidisciplinary group of content experts convened by the Digital Medicine Society, representing the clinical sciences, data management, technology development, and biostatistics. The aim of EVIDENCE is to promote high quality reporting in studies where the primary objective is an evaluation of a digital measurement product or its constituent parts. Here we use the terms digital measurement product and connected sensor technology interchangeably to refer to tools that process data captured by mobile sensors using algorithms to generate measures of behavioral and/or physiological function. EVIDENCE is applicable to 5 types of evaluations: (1) proof of concept; (2) verification, (3) analytical validation, and (4) clinical validation as defined by the V3 framework; and (5) utility and usability assessments. Using EVIDENCE, those preparing, reading, or reviewing studies evaluating digital measurement products will be better equipped to distinguish necessary reporting requirements to drive high-quality research. With broad adoption, the EVIDENCE checklist will serve as a much-needed guide to raise the bar for quality reporting in published literature evaluating digital measurements products.
Diamond-Blackfan Anemia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Dorn Kaitlyn M. , Burns Kaitlyn D. , Trout Maija A. R. , Ward D. Isum , Wagner KayeLyn J. , Meyer Lauritz R. , Baack Michelle L. , Rodel Rachel L.
Published: May 2021

We report a case of a male neonate delivered urgently via cesarean at thirty-five 5/7 weeks gestation for non-reassuring fetal monitoring who was found to have severe anemia at birth that could not be explained by acute blood loss. He was born to a 24-year-old mother, whose pregnancy was complicated by abnormal ultrasound findings, including a radial ray defect and fetal growth restriction. Trio rapid whole-exome sequencing (rWES) confirmed Diamond-Blackfan anemia in both the neonate and mother. This case highlights the importance of fetal surveillance and the clinical utility of rWES in the neonatal intensive care setting.
Influência do isomorfismo institucional na aceitação do orçamento mediada pelas finalidades de planejamento e diálogo
Authors: Luz Igor Pereira da , Lavarda Carlos Eduardo Facin
Published: May 2021

O estudo teve como objetivo examinar a influência do isomorfismo institucional na aceitação do orçamento, mediada pelas finalidades do artefato.  Realizou-se uma survey com  gerentes das empresas do setor farmacêutico vinculadas ao Guia da Farmácia com amostra de 147 respostas válidas. Para a análise de dados e teste de hipóteses foi utilizada a Modelagem de Equações Estruturais pelos mínimos quadrados parciais. Os resultados apontam que os fatores coercitivos, miméticos e normativos advindos do ambiente levam a uma maior utilidade do artefato no contexto estudado. Aponta-se também para a influência positiva e significativa das finalidades de planejamento e a resposta estratégica de aceitação. O isomorfismo institucional ainda apresentou influência positiva e significativa na aceitação do orçamento. Encontrou-se ainda a mediação parcial das finalidades do orçamento na relação entre isomorfismo institucional e a resposta estratégica de aceitação. Infere-se que para uma maior aceitação faz-se relevante, além de utilizar o artefato para responder as pressões institucionais, dar utilidade às finalidades do orçamento nas atividades cotidianas da empresa. Como contribuições a teoria, o estudo reforça a complementaridade entre as proposições de isomorfismo institucional de DiMaggio e Powell (1983) e o modelo de respostas estratégicas propostas por Oliver (1991), trazendo a utilização do modelo para a literatura orçamentária. Aponta-se também a inclusão das finalidades do orçamento como variável mediadora na relação entre o isomorfismo institucional e a aceitação do orçamento.
Da fotografia documental à artística
Authors: Ward Rodolfo
Published: May 2021

Este artigo tem a intenção de contribuir com os estudos sobre a visualidade na contemporaneidade ao focar a fotografia contemporânea e sua relação com a sociedade, principalmente na criação e manutenção de regimes de verdade e de poder da atualidade que transmutam o conceito de verdade na contemporaneidade. São abordadas as fricções entre a fotografia documental e a fotografia artística e como essas questões se imbricam com a noções de real e ficcional, de documental e artístico, para compreender as fronteiras e as transgressões da fotografia contemporânea. Como exemplo, são estudados os casos de Steve McCurry, de Andreas Gursky e da incorporação de imagens do coletivo Mídia Ninja pelo Museu de Arte Moderna de São Paulo (MAM SP).
A semana de cem anos
Authors: Coelho Fred
Published: May 2021

Às vésperas de seu centenário, a Semana de Arte Moderna, ocorrida em fevereiro de 1922 no Teatro Municipal de São Paulo, se torna definitivamente uma efeméride nacional. A história dessa consagração, porém, é tortuosa e escrita por diferentes frentes de ação. Quase cem anos depois do evento – narrado pela sua fortuna crítica como, paradoxalmente, origem e destino da arte brasileira no século XX – sua força centrípeta paulistana e seu corte de classe colocam o arquivo modernista frente a novas perguntas e respostas sobre os impasses do Brasil contemporâneo. O artigo apresenta outros momentos em que o modernismo é questionado em sua excessiva “força fatal” e como, mesmo assim, se estabelece enquanto possibilidade transformadora de refletirmos sobre o país.
Análise da propaganda de medicamentos isentos de prescrição em TV aberta
Authors: Silva Juliana Fróes da Cruz , Silva Patricky Santos , Bokehi José Raphael , Castilho Selma Rodrigues de
Published: May 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as irregularidades da publicidade de medicamentos isentos de prescrição veiculada em mídia televisiva aberta. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal, no qual duas emissoras da televisão aberta do Rio de Janeiro foram monitoradas durante sete meses. As 90 peças publicitárias coletadas foram transcritas e, posteriormente, analisadas frente à legislação vigente. Todas apresentavam alguma infração, com média de 3,6 infrações por peça. Os grupos farmacológicos mais frequentes foram os analgésicos, anti-inflamatórios, antigripais e antiácidos. Como observado por outros autores, os resultados evidenciam a deficiência no cumprimento da regulamentação e a fragilidade da fiscalização acerca da publicidade de medicamentos isentos de prescrição no Brasil, apontando para a necessidade de mudanças que priorizem a promoção do uso racional de medicamentos.
Abstract 005: Violent Crime, Physical Inactivity, And Obesity: Examining Differences In Spatial Relationships By Racial/ethnic Composition Of Community Residents
Authors: Singleton Chelsea R , Winata Fikriyah , Adeyemi Oluwafikayo S , Parab Kaustubh V , Aguiñaga Susan
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Violent crime (e.g., homicide, aggravated assault) is a major public health issue that disproportionately affects communities of color in large urban centers. Studies have reported that residents in high crime communities are less likely to engage in physical activity. There is limited understanding of how violent crime influences physical inactivity and obesity at the community level. We aimed to address this gap by examining differences in spatial relationships between violent crime rate, physical inactivity, and obesity by racial/ethnic composition of community residents in Chicago, IL.

Hypothesis:
We assessed the hypothesis that violent crime rate is associated with the prevalence of physical inactivity and obesity at the census tract level in Chicago, IL.

Methods:
We conducted an ecological assessment of 2018 census tract data obtained from various sources. We used data from the City of Chicago to calculate per capita violent crime rate (number of incidents per 1,000 residents) for all census tracts (N = 801). Data on physical inactivity and obesity prevalence (%) were acquired from the CDC. Socio-demographic data (i.e., % Non-Hispanic (NH) White, % NH Black, % Hispanic, median household income) were obtained from the census bureau. We examined spatial lag and error models to determine if violent crime rate is associated with % physical inactivity and % obesity after controlling for socio-demographic characteristics and amenity availability (i.e., per capita outdoor parks and grocery stores). Stratified models were examined to identify differences in associations among majority NH White, NH Black, and Hispanic census tracts (defined as ≥ 50% representation).

Results:
NH Black census tracts (n = 278) had significantly higher rates of violent crime, physical inactivity, and obesity than Hispanic (n = 169) and NH White tracts (n = 240). Overall, violent crime rate was positivity associated with % physical inactivity (p<0.001) but not % obesity (p=0.77) in Chicago after controlling for covariates. Stratified models revealed that violent crime rate was positively associated with % physical inactivity (p<0.001) and % obesity (p=0.01) among NH Black tracts. Violent crime rate was not associated with % physical inactivity or % obesity among Hispanic and NH White census tracts.

Conclusions:
Racial/ethnic composition of residents appears to influence census-tract level associations between violent crime rate, physical inactivity, and obesity. Violent crime appears to be more relevant to physical inactivity and obesity in Chicago’s NH Black communities compared to Hispanic and NH White communities.
Abstract 013: Trajectories Of Self-rated Health After Hospitalization: A 30 Year Cohort Study
Authors: Mu Scott , Hicks Caitlin W , Daya Natalie R , Foraker Randi E , Kucharska-newton Anna , Lutsey Pamela L , Coresh Joseph , Selvin Elizabeth
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Hospitalization is a complex health exposure and the period immediately following acute-care hospitalization is a high-risk state. Self-rated health is a subjective indicator of health and the long-term trends in self-rated health after hospitalization are not well characterized.

Hypotheses:
1. Self-rated health decreases after hospitalization, with only partial recovery in the following years. 2. Poor self-rated health after hospitalization is associated with increased mortality.

Methods:
We analyzed 13,758 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study with at least 1 hospitalization. Self-rated health was assessed annually and rated on a 4-point scale as follows: “Over the past year, compared to other people your age, would you say that your health has been excellent(=4), good(=3), fair(=2) or poor(=1)?" Using Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier methods, we evaluated mortality after hospitalization for myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, pneumonia or diabetes mellitus with complications.

Results:
The mean self-rated health the year prior to hospitalization was 2.82 and the nadir of self-rated health was 2.62, occurring 1 year after hospitalization (Fig 1a). As compared to “excellent” self-rated health, “poor” self-rated health after any hospitalization was strongly associated with mortality (HR 4.65, 95% CI 4.27-5.07). Corresponding HRs (95% CI) for mortality post-hospitalization were 3.12 (2.30-4.22) for acute myocardial infarction, 3.08 (2.39-3.96) for congestive heart failure, 2.15 (1.43-3.23) for acute cerebrovascular disease, 4.54 (3.39-6.09) for pneumonia, and 3.32 (2.35-4.69) for diabetes mellitus with complications (Fig 1b).

Conclusion:
Mean self-rated health decreases significantly after hospitalization and worse self-rated health is associated with higher mortality. Self-rated health is an easily obtained patient centered outcome with valuable prognostic information.
Abstract 021: C-reactive Protein Partially Mediates The Inverse Association Between Coffee Consumption And Risk Of Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From The UK Biobank And The Rotterdam Studies
Authors: Ochoa-Rosales Carolina , van der Schaft Niels , Braun Kim V , Ho Frederick , Petermann Fanny , Pell Jill , Ikram Mohammad A , Celis-Morales Carlos , Voortman Trudy
Published: May 2021

Background:
Coffee intake has been linked to lower type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. We hypothesized this may be mediated by coffee’s effects on inflammation.

Methods:
Using participants from the UK Biobank (UKB n=145370) and Rotterdam Study (RS n=7172) cohorts, we studied associations of coffee intake with incident T2D; longitudinally measured insulin resistance (HOMA IR); serum levels of inflammation markers; and the mediating role of inflammation. Statistical regression models were adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle and health factors.

Results:
The median follow up was 7 (UKB) and 9 (RS) years. An increase of one coffee cup/day was associated with 4-6% lower T2D risk (RS HR=0.94 [95% CI 0.90; 0.98]; UKB HR=0.96 [0.94; 0.98]); lower HOMA IR (RS β=-0.017 [-0.024; -0.010]); with lower C reactive protein (CRP) and higher adiponectin (Figure1). Consumers of filtered coffee had the lowest T2D risk (UKB HR=0.88 [0.83; 0.93]). CRP levels mediated 9.6% (UKB) and 3.4% (RS) of the total effect of coffee on T2D (Figure 1).

Conclusions:
We suggest that coffee’s beneficial effects on lower T2D risk are partially mediated by improvements in systemic inflammation.Figure 1.

a
CRP

and

a
adiponectin

refer to the effect of coffee intake on CRP and adiponectin levels.

a
CRP RS

: β=-0.014 (-0.022; -0.005); UKBB

a
CRP UKB

: β=-0.011 (-0.012; -0.009) and RS

a
adiponectin

: β=0.025 (0.007; 0.042).

b
CRP

and

b
adiponectin

refer to the effect of coffee related levels in CRP and adiponectin on incident T2D, independent of coffee. RS

b
CRP

: HR=1.17 (1.04; 1.31); UKB

b
CRP

: HR=1.45 (1.37; 1.54); and

b
adiponectin

: HR=0.58 (0.32; 0.83).
c′
refers to coffee’ effect on T2D going directly or via others mediators. UKB

c′
independent of CRP

: HR=0.96 (0.94; 0.99); RS

c′
independent of CRP

: HR=0.94 (0.90; 0.99); and RS

c′
independent of CRP+adiponectin

: HR=0.90 (0.80; 1.01). Coffee related changes in CRP may partially explain the beneficial link between coffee and T2D, mediating a 3.4% (0.6; 4.8, RS) and 9.6% (5.7; 24.4, UKB). Evidence of mediation was also found for adiponectin.
Abstract 027: Individual-level Fine Particulate Air Pollution Is Associated With Arrhythmia In Adolescents
Authors: He Fan , Fernandez-Mendoza Julio , Yanosky Jeff D , Chinchilli Vernon M , Al-Shaar Laila , Liao Duanping
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Fine particulate (PM
2.5
) exposure has been related to higher propensity of arrhythmias in adults. However, the association between PM
2.5
exposure and arrhythmia in adolescents remains unclear.

Hypothesis:
PM
2.5
exposure is related to an acute increase in numbers of arrhythmic heartbeats in adolescents.

Methods:
We used data collected from 421 adolescents in the Penn State Child Cohort (PSCC) follow-up examination for this report. From each participant, we obtained 24-hour beat-to-beat ECG data using a 12-lead Holter ECG. From which, arrhythmias, including premature ventricular contraction (PVC) and premature atrial contraction (PAC), were identified. The number of PVCs and PACs every 30 minutes were analyzed with individual-level 30-minute average PM
2.5
concentrations obtained by using a personal minute-by-minute PM
2.5
monitor for 24 hours in parallel to the ECG. Thus, each participant contributed 48 30-minute segments of arrhythmia and PM
2.5
data. Polynomial distributed lag models within a framework of a negative binomial model were used to assess the segment-specific and cumulative effect of PM
2.5
concentration on numbers of PVC and PAC, adjusting for age, race, sex, BMI percentile, temperature, and humidity.

Results:
The mean (SD) age of PSCC was 16.9 (2.2) years, with 54% males, and 78% whites. The 30-minute mean (SD) of PM
2.5
concentration was 14.4 (45.4) μg/m
3
, while PVC and PAC counts were 0.2 (2.0) and 0.5 (4.0). As shown in the table, 10 μg/m
3
increases in PM
2.5
concentration 0.5-2.0 hours prior to the ECG measures (lags 1-3) each were associated with 2% increase in PVC counts (all p<0.05). Cumulatively, a 10 μg/m
3
increment in PM
2.5
was associated with a 5% (1% - 10%) increase in PVC counts within 2 hours after exposure. PM
2.5
was not related to PAC counts.

Conclusion:
Individual-level exposure to PM
2.5
is associated with an acute increased number of ventricular arrhythmia in population-based adolescents. The time course of the effect of PM
2.5
on ventricular arrhythmia is within 2 hours after exposure.
Abstract 029: Menopause Alters The Gut Microbiome In Hispanic/Latina Women Of The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study Of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), With Implications For Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Peters-samuelson Brandilyn , Lin Juan , Qi Qibin , Isasi Carmen R , Mossavar-Rahmani Yasmin , Derby Carol A , Santoro Nanette , Perreira Krista , Daviglus Martha L , Kominiarek Michelle , Burk Robert , Kaplan Robert
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
During menopause, women experience an increase in cardiometabolic risk factors, thought to relate to aging and loss of endogenous estrogen. Menopause may also influence the gut microbiome, which plays a role in cardiometabolic risk. However, the menopause-microbiome relationship has not been examined in a large study and implications for disease are unknown.

Hypothesis:
Menopause alters gut microbiome composition, which may affect post-menopausal disease risk.

Methods:
Menopause was defined by self report of 12 months of amenorrhea, not due to surgery or other non-natural causes. Shotgun sequencing was used on stool from 2370 participants (301 pre-menopausal women; 1072 post-menopausal women; 997 men). Between pre- and post-menopausal women and age-matched men, we compared microbiome diversity, composition, and taxa.

Results:
Pre-menopausal women had higher gut microbiome diversity than post-menopausal women and men (all p<0.05, Figure 1a). Post-menopausal women also differed in overall microbiome composition from pre-menopausal women (p=0.005), while older and younger men did not differ from each other (p=0.70) (Figure 1b). We identified differentially abundant taxa between post- and pre-menopausal women, including class Betaproteobacteria and its genus Sutterella (enriched in post-menopause), and genera Shigella and Escherichia (depleted in post-menopause); associations were similar in comparisons of men vs. women, though the taxa did not differ between older and younger men (Figure 1c). In post-menopausal women, higher abundance of Shigella and Escherichia was associated with impaired fasting glucose (≥100 mg/dL or diabetes treatment) (Figure 1d).

Conclusions:
Menopause is associated with a gut microbiome more similar to that of men, perhaps related to the common condition of a low estrogen state. In HCHS/SOL, menopause was associated with depletion of gut pathogens, which were related to increased diabetes risk. These findings require confirmation in other racial/ethnic groups.
Abstract 030: The Association Of Hypnotics With Incident Cardiovascular Disease And Mortality Among Post-menopausal Women With Sleep Disturbances
Authors: Haines Adam , Shadyab Aladdin , Saquib Nazmus , Stone Katie , Wassertheil-smoller Sylvia W
Published: May 2021

Background:
Chronic insomnia is common in post-menopausal women and is associated with higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Hypnotics are a second-line therapy after cognitive behavioral therapy for management of chronic insomnia. Among the hypnotics, nonbenzodiazepine GABA agonists (Z-drugs) are commonly prescribed. However, it is unclear whether Z-drug use and other hypnotic use is associated with risk of incident CVD and mortality in older people with sleep disturbances.

Objectives:
Among post-menopausal women with sleep disturbances, to evaluate the association of Z-drug use compared with use of other prescription hypnotics, and with non-use of any prescription hypnotics with CVD and mortality.

Methods:
The population studied were post-menopausal women from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) Observational Study and Clinical Trials who, at baseline, scored >=9 with the WHI Insomnia Rating Scale (N=40,728). Hypnotic use was ascertained from prescription medications scanned into the Medi-Span database at baseline and first follow-up clinic visit. Frequency of use was ascertained from self-report. Participants were categorized as users of Z-drugs, users of other prescription hypnotics or non-users. Outcomes were composite CVD (congestive heart failure, stroke, and fatal/non-fatal myocardial infarction) and mortality, centrally adjudicated with review of medical records and death certificates. Hazard ratios were estimated from Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for demographic, medical history, and sleep measures. To address potential confounding by indication, we also adjusted for propensity to be prescribed hypnotics.

Results:
At the first follow-up visit 1.1% (424 of 38,979) of participants were users of Z-drugs, 4.2% (1,653 of 38,979) were users of other prescription hypnotics, 3.1% (1,187 of 38,979) had discontinued prescription hypnotic use, and 91.6% (35,715 of 38,979) were non-users at both baseline and first follow-up visit. The mean age of our cohort was 63.6 years (SD = 7.2) and mean follow-up time after the initial follow-up visit was 14.0 years (SD = 6.3). Z-drug use was significantly associated with an increased risk of composite CVD (HR= 1.35, 95%CI: 1.02-1.79) and all-cause mortality (HR= 1.38, 95%CI: 1.13-1.69). Use of other prescription hypnotics and casual use (<=2 times a week) of any hypnotic were not associated with either cardiovascular disease or mortality.

Conclusion:
Use of Z-drugs three or more times a week was associated with an increased risk of death and cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women being treated for insomnia. Additional research is needed to evaluate association between frequency of hypnotic use and these outcomes and to investigate possible mechanisms.