bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Response Mechanism of Metro Tunnel Structure under Local Collapse in Loess Stratum
Authors: Qiu Junling , Fan Feifei , Zhang Chengping , Lai Jinxing , Wang Ke , Niu Fangyuan
Published: May 2021

Due to the frequent occurrence of large-scale water inrush accidents in metro tunnels under the condition of local collapse of loess stratum, there are few reports on the response mechanism of loess metro tunnel under the condition of local collapse. Based on the actual project of tunnel water gushing in a certain section of Xi'an Metro Line 4, the research method of combining theoretical derivation with numerical simulation is adopted, the expressions of internal force and deformation of loess metro tunnel structure under different collapsibility conditions are derived and verified by finite difference method . The results show that the development of water transport channels and the law of collapsibility morphology of loess under local collapsibility are analyzed. Based on the elastic foundation beam model, the structural response model and analytical solutions of internal force and deformation of metro tunnel under different collapsibility conditions (upper collapsibility, side collapsibility and bottom collapsibility) are derived. Combined with the actual data of water inrush accident, the calculation case of the supporting project under the upper collapsible condition is analyzed. When the water head height is 7.5 m, the internal force and deformation of the tunnel structure only occur at about 20 m of the collapsible center. The internal force and deformation of the segment in the main influence range show an obvious non-linear trend, and the strong, weak and no influence zones are defined. Moreover, the numerical simulation results are consistent with the theoretical results under the supporting conditions, which verifies that the theoretical results can effectively predict the influence range of metro tunnel structure under local collapsibility of loess stratum. This research can provide new ideas for the construction, operation and disaster prevention of metro tunnels under the condition of local collapsibility in loess stratum.
LncRNA LINC00665 promotes ovarian cancer cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis via targeting miR-181a-5p/FHDC
Authors: Wang Suli , Wang yingchun , Wang Jinhua , Lu Jin , Li Ke
Published: May 2021

Previous reports indicate that LINC00665, a lincRNA, which is a naturally occurring long intergenic non-coding RNA exerts vital effect in a variety of cancers. Herein, we explore the role of LINC00665 in ovarian cancer. RT-qPCR was taken into the experiment to determine the expression level of LINC00665. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, wound healing, transwell, and EdU are employed to evaluate the effect of LINC00665 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration in SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells. The axis of LINC00665 and its specific miRNA, the miRNA target gene is explored in dual-luciferase reporter assay. Firstly, we find that LINC00665 is upregulated in ovarian cancer cell lines. Furthermore, not only the cell viability and in SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 was reduced by LINC00665 knockdown but also cell proliferation and migration were inhibited. Afterwards, the bioinformatics analysis suggested that LNC00665 specifically binds to miR-181a-5p. Then, several studies confirmed that LINC00665 downregulated the miR-181a-5p in SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells. The knockdown of miR-181a-5p evidently reverses the inhibitory effect of sh-LINC00662. Besides, FH2 Domain Containing 1 (FHDC1) has been proved to deed as an effective target of miR-181a-5p. In conclusion, the knockdown of LINC00665 facilitates ovarian cancer via development by sponging miR-181a-5p and upregulating FHDC1 expression.
Extradural Glomus Tumor of the Thoracic Spine: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zheng Jihui , Li Xinxing
Published: May 2021

Background: Glomus tumors are rare lesions that can arise anywhere along the spinal axis. Only thirteen cases have been reported. We report a case of a patient with a rare glomangioma of the thoracic spine. Following a review of the twelve previous cases is a discussion of a spinal glomus tumor with regard to clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Methods: A single, recent case arising from the extradural space of the thoracic spine is described, followed by a literature review of spinal glomus tumors.Results: Including our case, thirteen cases of a glomus tumor have been reported. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 44.6 years (range: 22–73 years) and the male-to-female (M:F) ratio was 1.17:1. The lesion was located in the cervical spine in 1 patient, the thoracic spine in 7 patients, the lumbar spine in 4 patients, and the sacrum in 1 patient. All the tumors were benign; however, there was one report of local recurrence because of incomplete removal. There were no malignant transformations, metastases, or deaths reported with a mean follow-up of 20.09 ± 28.43 months (range: 2–90 months).Conclusions: Spinal glomus tumor are rare, and the preoperative diagnosis is difficult. An overwhelming majority of glomus tumors are benign and are cured by simple local excision. Patients undergoing complete resection have an excellent long-term prognosis.Trial registration: Not applicable.
Cancer immunoediting by melanocyte differentiation antigen-specific T cells determines response to immune checkpoint inhibition
Authors: Flatz Lukas , Ring Sandra , Pop Oltin , Poźniak Joanna , Berner Fiamma , Ali Omar , Abdou Marie-Therese , Diem Stefan , Bomze David , Niederer Rebekka , Fässler Mirjam , Landeloos Ewout , Rambow Florian , Bervoets Greet , Freiberger Sandra , Mayr Thomas , Muders Michael , Broek Maries van den , Bald Tobias , Lansdberg Jennifer , Dietrich Dimo , Mangana Joanna , Cozzio Antonio , Garbe Claus , Dummer Reinhard , Levesque Mitchell , Jochum Wolfram , Ludewig Burkhard , Bechter Oliver , Marine Jean-Christophe , Tüting Thomas , Hölzel Michael
Published: May 2021

T cells are critical in cancer immune surveillance but they can also shape tumor immunogenicity, described as cancer immunoediting. Melanoma patients commonly harbor T cells recognizing melanocyte differentiation antigens (MDAs). However, the roles of MDA-specific T cells in shaping melanoma immunogenicity and the response to immune checkpoint inhibition remain elusive. Here, we prospectively profiled peripheral CD8+ T cells from 27 stage IV patients before initiation of checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Clinical failure was associated with increased MDA-specific CD8+ T cells and reduced tumor MDA expression pretreatment. In nonresponders, decreased tumor MDA expression was concomitant with a dedifferentiated melanoma phenotype. We confirmed in 30 stage III patients that individuals with relapse disease during adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of dedifferentiated tumors pretreatment than individuals without recurrence. Thus, MDA-directed CD8+ T cells are associated with a dedifferentiated phenotype and reduced clinical response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy suggesting immunoediting as an important resistance mechanism.
Multi-level and Precise Evaluation of Slope Stability in Large Open-pit Mines: a Case Study at Dexing Copper Mine, China
Authors: Du Shigui , Saroglou Charalampos , Chen Yifan , Lin Hang , Rui Yong
Published: May 2021

As the mining industry developed significantly in the last decades and the depth of open-pit mining has increased, the stability of large open-pit slopes has become a major problem directly related to the safety production and development of a mine. However, the overall slope is indeed safer than the local slope based on the existing stability estimation methods. So the existing methods of directly analyzing the stability of the overall slope will produce some errors in the calculation results of the safety factor, and cannot comprehensively reflect the stability of the mine slope. Based on these problems, this paper adopted the idea of gradual analysis and the precise determination of discontinuity properties to perform a limit equilibrium analysis for the evaluation of mine slope stability. A case study slope, referred to as Yangtaowu Slope in Dexing Copper Mine, was selected for the demonstration of the accuracy of this approach. The results indicate that the adopted method can accurately reflect the actual stability of the slope, especially when the mine slope is near the critical state of stability.
Developing a theory-based behavior change intervention to improve the prescription of surgical prophylaxis in an Egyptian University Hospital.
Authors: Lohiniva Anna-Leena , Heweidy Iman , Abdu Samiha , Omar Abouelata , Ackley Caroline , Khairy Amr , Hassan ElZaher , Samir Shady , Talaat Maha
Published: May 2021

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasingly pervasive due to multiple, complex prescribing and consuming behaviours. Accordingly, behaviour change is an important component of response to AMR. Little is known about the best approaches to change antibiotic use practices and behaviours. This project aims to develop a context-specific behaviour change strategy focusing on promoting appropriate prescription practices following the World Health Organization recommendations for surgical prophylaxis in an orthopaedic surgery unit in Egypt.Methods: The project included a formative qualitative research study was based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to explore the determinants for inappropriate prescription of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis at an orthopaedic unit. The intervention was developed to following the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) in a knowledge co-production workshop with infection prevention and control experts that ensured that the theory based intervention was a culturally acceptable, practical and implementable intervention. Results: The prescription of surgical prophylaxis was influenced by five TDF domains including, knowledge, belief in consequences (mistrust towards infection prevention and control measures), environmental factors (lack of prescription guidelines) , professional role and reinforcement (a lack of appropriate follow up actions influenced prescription of surgical prophylaxis). The appropriate set of behaviour change functions of BCW and related activities to improve the current practices included education, enablement, persuasion, environmental restructuring and restriction. Conclusions The study showed that a theory based and context specific intervention can be created by using the TDF and BCW together with knowledge-co creation to improve the prescription of surgical prophylaxis in and Egyptian orthopaedic unit. The intervention need to piloted and scaled up.
A Cell-Based Subtractive Panning Strategy for Selection of Conformation-Specific Single-Chain Variable-Fragment (Scfv) Against Dimerization Domain of EGFR
Authors: Valadan Reza , Dabiri Mina , Tehrani Mohsen , Tabar Gholamreza Hashemi , Rafiei Alireza
Published: May 2021

Background and Objective:
Overexpression of the EGFR, from the ErbB receptor family, has been observed in several cancers and causes resistance to therapeutic antibodies, such as Herceptin. In this study, we produced a recombinant single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody against the EGFR dimerization domain.
Methods
The recombinant scFv was generated using a cell-based subtractive panning strategy. Subtractive panning was performed on genetically engineered VERO/EGFR cells and cancerous MDA-MB-468 cells. Phage cell-ELISA was used to monitor the binding of the selected scFvs to the dimerization domain of EGFR. Inhibition of EGFR and HER2 dimerization by the produced scFvs were finally evaluated using the dimerization inhibition test.
Results
PCR fingerprinting results showed a uniform digestion pattern following the third round of panning that confirmed the success of subtractive panning. Moreover, cell-ELISA validated the reactivity of the produced scFvs to EGFR after stimulation with EGF. The dimerization inhibition test showed the capacity of the scFvs to inhibit EGFR and HER2 dimerization.
Conclusions
Directed HER2 targeting showed to be more effective to target the functional domain of the cell receptor for the complete blockade of the intracellular signaling pathway. The subtractive panning strategy used in this study could control the process of directed selection of specific antibodies against the dimerization domain of EGFR. The selected antibodies might then be functionally tested for antitumor effects in both in vitro and in vivo studies.
A case-control Study on Blood Lipid Profile in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Changaripour Shahab , Sarvazad Hosna , Barghi Maryam , Sajadi Elham , Sadeghian Mahdi Hashempour , Roozbahani Narges Eskandari
Published: May 2021

Background Dyslipidemia has been reported in patients with virus infections. This study was performed to evaluate the blood lipid profile in the patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and exploring the underlying factors in its development and their predictive value for the severity of COVID-19.Methods In a case-control study, the lipid profile of patients with COVID-19 at the first admitted to two clinical centers in the west of Iran (July 2020 to Dec. 2020) and age- and gender-matched healthy people were explored. Three groups of controls, patients with the severe form of Covid-19 (admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU)), patients with Covid-19 with less intensity (outpatient admission), were defined for the subjects included in the study. The predictive values of different variables obtained from medical records for COVID-19 severity were analyzed.Results Generally, 48 outpatients and 49 ICU patients, including 70 men and 23 women with a mean age of 62.4±13.5 years, were included in the study. The control group consisted of 32 people, match sex and age with the patient groups. The mean triglyceride (TG) in the Covid-19 groups was higher than the control group, but there was no significant difference between them. The mean cholesterol in the patient groups was lower than the control group (p=0.001). The mean of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly different in the patient groups; HDL-C in the ICU group was more than outpatient, and LDL-C in the outpatient group was more than ICU (P<0.05). LDL-C and HDL-C in the ICU group were less than the control group, but there was no statistically significant difference between the two mentioned groups. The frequency of diabetes and hypertension was higher in the ICU group than in the outpatient group (P<0.001). Furthermore, LDL-C level was associated with disease severity (odds ratio (OR): 0.966, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.944-0.989, P= 0.004).Conclusion Lipid profiles in Covid-19 patients have different faces from healthy individuals. In the severe form, the lipid status has a different profile from the less severe form of Covid-19 disease. LDL-C level can be used as an indicator to determine the severity of Covid-19 disease.
Quantifying vanadium-vacancy clusters in V2O3 towards ultra-long cycling aqueous zinc-ion battery
Authors: Kefu Zhu , Wei Shiqiang , Shou Hongwei , Shen Fei-Ran , Chen Shuangming , Pengjun Zhang , Changda Wang , Yuyang Cao , Xin Guo , Luo Mi , Zhang Hongjun , Ye Bang-Jiao , Wu Xiaojun , He LunHua , Song Li
Published: May 2021

Defect engineering has been attracted widespread attention for promoting the stability of the electrodes. However, accurately quantifying and defining the effect of defects is extremely difficult. Here, the Rietveld analysis with combined neutron powder diffraction (NPD) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns reveal vanadium defect (Vd) clusters in the V2O3 lattice up to 5.7% in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs), further confirmed by positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) and synchrotron-based X-ray analysis. Benefitting from the Vd clusters, the V2O3 cathode achieves excellent cycle life with 81% capacity retention at 5.0 A g-1 after 30,000 cycles that is the most superb stable cathode for aqueous ZIBs at this current density. Besides, the density functional theory (DFT) calculations strongly indicate that the Vd clusters not only provide permanent sites for Zn2+ anchormen to enhance the integrity of V2O3 after the first discharging process, but also make Zn2+ de/intercalation in complex oxide, contributing collectively and effectively reducing the strong electrostatic interaction between host multivalent ions, resulting in the remarkable storage performance of Zn2+. This work highlights accurately quantifying and identifying the significant effect of defects for designing cathodes with ultra-long cycle life in future intelligent devices.
Characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients suspected of pulmonary or bubonic plague during the Madagascar epidemic in 2017
Authors: Rakotondra Andriniaina , Andrianonimiadana Lova , Rahajandraibe Soloandry , Razafimahatratra Solohery , Andrianaivoarimanana Voahangy , Rahelinirina Soanandrasana , Crucitti Tania , Brisse Sylvain , Jeannoda Victor , Rajerison Minoarisoa , Collard Jean-Marc
Published: May 2021

Klebsiella pneumoniae can lead to a wide range of diseases including pneumonia, bloodstream, and urinary tract infections. During a short period of a plague epidemic in October 2017 in Madagascar, 12 K. pneumoniae isolates were identified in ten sputum and two buboes aspirate samples. These isolates were from 12 patients suspected of plague, without epidemiological relationships, but were negative for Yersinia pestis in culture. Data were collected from the plague national surveillance system. The isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing. Real-time PCR was performed to confirm the presence of K. pneumoniae DNA in buboes. All isolates were identified as K. pneumoniae sensu stricto. Five isolates were extended-spectrum β-lactamases producers; eight different sequence types were identified. Five isolates belonged to known hypervirulent sequence types. Our results demonstrate community-acquired pneumonia caused by K. pneumoniae isolates in patients suspected of plague, showing that plague epidemics can hide other etiologies.
Risk factors of hypothyroxinemia in premature infants
Authors: Yilmaz Aslan , Özer Yavuz , Kaya Nesrin , Turan Hande , Acar Hazal Cansu , Ercan Oya , Perk Yıldız , Evliyaoğlu Olcay , Vural Mehmet
Published: May 2021

Background: Hypothyroxinemia is defined by low levels of thyroxine (T4) despite low or normal levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with transient hypothyroxinemia (THOP) in premature newborn.Method: This is a single center, retrospective, case-control study. Premature newborns, between 24-34 weeks of gestation, hospitalised between January 2014-December 2019 in our Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU) were analyzed through their medical records. Thyroid function tests were routinely performed between the 10th and 20th days of postnatal life and were evaluated according to the gestational age references. Thirty six risk factors (prenatal and postnatal parameters, medical treatments, clinical diagnoses and applications in NICU) were searched in the patient group with THOP (n=71) and the control group with euthyroid prematures (n=73). The risk factors for THOP were identified by univariate analysis, followed by multivariate analysis. Results: Mean gestational ages of the study and the control groups were 29.7 ± 2.48 and 30.5 ± 2.30 weeks, respectively (p = 0.606). The birth weight, small for gestational age (SGA), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), congenital heart disease (CHD) were found to be the risk factors for THOP in the univariate analysis and CHD (p=0.033, odds ratio [OR]:3.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-12.3), BW (p=0.012, OR:0.998, 95% CI: 0.9-1.01) and SGA (p=0.006, OR:5.3, 95% CI: 1.6-17.71) were found to be an independent risk factor for THOP as a result of the multivariate analysis.Conclusıons: Although some treatment practices might have had direct effects on pituitary–thyroid axis, associated with the severity of the newborn clinical conditions, non of them was found to be a risk factor for THOP. However, preterm babies with CHD and SGA could have more risk for THOP.
ADAM12 as a Clinical Prognostic Indicator Associated with Tumour Immune Infiltration in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Pan Junfan , Huang Zhidong , Xu Yiquan
Published: May 2021

Background: Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In humans, 22 functional α-disintegrinand metalloproteinases (ADAMs) have been identified, 12 of which have proteolytic activity. The role of ADAMs in cancer has attracted increasing attention. However, the expression and significance of ADAMs in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain unclear. The current study aimed to explore the expression and prognostic value of ADAM12 in LUAD.Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA) database was used to analyse the expression of ADAMs in LUAD. The cBioPortal database was used to obtain and analyse ADAM12 copy number changes, and the LinkedOmics database was utilised for the analysis of ADAM12-related genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was then performed using TIMER. The relationship between ADAM12 and the tumour immune microenvironment(TIM) was assessed via the TISIDB database. ADAM12 and immune-related genes were used to construct a prognostic model. Knockdown of ADAM12 was performed in vitro in order to verify its biological function. The unpaired t-test was used for comparison between the two groups, ANOVA was used for analysing differences between multiple groups, and the Kaplan-Meier test was used to compare survival between groups.Results: Most ADAMs exhibited significant differential expression in LUAD. ADAM12 expression was significantly higher in LUAD tissues than in healthy tissues, and lower ADAM12 expression was associated with better survival. Genetic alterations of ADAM12 mainly included missense mutations, amplifications, and deep deletions. ADAM12 and positively correlated genes were mainly enriched in protein digestion and absorption, ECM-receptor interaction, and adhesion plaques. ADAM12 had a moderate correlation with immune cell markers EBIP1, CCNB1, EXO1, KNTC1, PRC1 and FAM198B. Prognostic model was established based on ADAM12 and immune-related genes. In vitro experiments revealed that knocking down ADAM12 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion.Conclusion: ADAM12 potentially plays an important role in the occurrence of LUAD and may be utilised as an immunotherapy target and a valuable prognostic biomarker for LUAD.
Mechanistic insight into DsyB/DSYB, key enzymes in marine dimethylsulfoniopropionate synthesis
Authors: Todd Jonathan , Li Chun-Yang , Crack Jason , Newton-Payne Simone , Murphy Andrew , Chen Xiu-Lan , Pinchbeck Benjamin , Zhou Shun , Williams Beth , Peng Ming , Zhang Xiao-Hua , Chen Yin , Brun Nick Le , Zhang Yu-Zhong
Published: May 2021

Marine algae and bacteria produce eight billion tonnes of the organosulfur molecule dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in Earth’s surface oceans every year. DMSP is an anti-stress compound and, once released into the environment, a major nutrient, signalling molecule and source of climate-active gases. The methionine transamination pathway for DMSP synthesis is used by most known DMSP-producing algae and bacteria. The S-directed S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase (SAM-MT) 4-methylthio-2-hydroxybutyrate (MTHB) S-methyltransferase, encoded by the dsyB/DSYB gene, is the key enzyme of this pathway, generating S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and 4-dimethylsulfonio-2-hydroxybutyrate (DMSHB). dsyB/DSYB, present in most DMSP-producing bacteria and haptophyte and dinoflagellate algae with the highest known DMSP concentrations, is shown to be far more abundant and transcribed in marine environments than any other known DMSP synthesis pathway S-methyltransferase gene. Furthermore, we demonstrate in vitro activity of the bacterial DsyB enzyme from Nisaea denitrificans, and provide its crystal structure in complex with SAM and SAH-MTHB, which together provide the first mechanistic insights into a DMSP synthesis enzyme. Structural and mutational analyses imply that DsyB adopts a novel mechanism, distinct from any previously reported SAM-MT, in which the DsyB residue Tyr142 activates the sulfur atom of MTHB for nucleophilic attack on the SAM methyl group. Sequence analysis suggests that this mechanism is common to all bacterial DsyB enzymes and also, importantly, eukaryotic DSYB enzymes from e.g., algae that are the major DMSP producers in Earth’s surface oceans.
Application of Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Combined with Dial Positioning in Small Pulmonary Nodules Surgery
Authors: Zhao Long , Yang Wenyu , Hong Ruofeng , Fei Jianbin
Published: May 2021

Background: With the popularization of HRCT and VATS, the incidence of early stage lung cancer is increasing recent years. About 63% of small pulmonary nodules can not be accurately identified in VATS. We use 3-D reconstruction combined with dial positioning to analyze its accuracy and impact on patients undergoing VATS in our hospital.Materials and result: From September 2019 to December 2020, 74 patients underwent VATS pulmonary nodule resection in our institute, with an average age of (56.4 ± 11.7) years old. A total of 83 nodules were resected in 74 patients, 23 nodules received segmentectomy and 60 nodules received wedge resection with 16 benign nodules and 67 malignant nodules. The distance between the nodules and pleura was (0 ~ 25) mm, with an average of (8.0 ± 3.9) mm. The target nodules were found in all patients, The positioning accuracy was 97.6%. All patients were satisfied with the positioning method, and there was no scar left at the skin puncture point after operation.Conclusion: 3-D reconstruction combined with dial positioning method can reduce patients' anxiety preoperatively, avoid various complications, reduce hospitalization expenses, and has an acceptable accuracy and short learning curve, which can be further promoted and applied in clinic.
De Novo Design of a pH-triggered Self-assembled β-hairpin Nano Peptide for the Dual Biological Function of Antibacterial and Entrapment
Authors: Li Qiuke , Li Jinze , Yu Weikang , Wang Zhihua , Li Jiawei , Feng Xingjun , Wang Jiajun , Shan Anshan
Published: May 2021

BackgroundAcid-tolerant enteric pathogens could evade small intestinal acid barriers, colonizing and infecting the intestinal tract. Whereas broad-spectrum antibiotics are not the best therapeutic strategy because of the disruption of intestinal flora caused by its indiscriminate antimicrobial activity against beneficial and harmful bacteria. So that is what inspired us to combine pH regulation with nanotechnology to develop a pH-triggered site-targeted antimicrobial peptide with entrapping function. ResultsAccording to the features of amino-acid building blocks and the diagonal cation–π interaction principle, a self-assembled peptide (SAP) was designed, and the results showed that changes in pH conditions could trigger the transformation of the microstructure of the nanopeptide, which has great antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus cereus under acidic conditions by disrupting bacterial membrane integrity, and great biocompatibility in vivo and in vitro and high tolerance. Moreover, SAP at high concentrations showed the entrapment property, which plays an important role in phagocytic clearance in the infection forces.ConclusionsOur study revealed the antibacterial activity of a short β-hairpin forming self-assembled peptide and establishes an innovative design strategy for peptide-based nanomaterials and a new treatment strategy for gastrointestinal bacterial infection.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Niger (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Charbonnier Flora , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger
Published: May 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Niger, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020-2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Multimodal Freezing System for Cryogenic 3D Printing
Authors: Kamble Pushkar Prakash , Chavan Subodh , Hodgir Rajendra , Gote Gopal , Karunakaran K P , Goli Sandeep
Published: May 2021

Cryogenic 3D Printing (Cryo-3DP) creates 3D objects by deposition-then-freezing of aqueous solutions of various materials layer-by-layer. The process generally takes place at the temperature ranging from -20 °C to -25°C. At the beginning of the process, cryo-3DP demands a high cooling rate to reduce the work envelope’s temperature rapidly. After the work envelope reaches the working temperature (-20 to -25°C), lower cooling rates are enough. The proposed multimodal freezing system uses two modes of cooling. Rapid injection of the CO2 gas in the chamber is suitable for achieving high cooling rates (0.5 °Cs-1) initially and Vapor Compression Refrigeration (VCR) for sustained heat removal from the system (0.5 °Cmin-1). The results show that the proposed multimodal system performs faster than the conventional system.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Liberia (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Hirmer Stephanie
Published: May 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Liberia, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and two stylized scenarios (Fossil Future and Least Cost) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Namibia (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Walker Miriam Zachau , Hirmer Stephanie , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger
Published: May 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Namibia, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Mozambique (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Hirmer Stephanie
Published: May 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. This article therefore provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Mozambique, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Passive ring resonators and Kerr micro-combs for microwave spectrum channel separation
Authors: Moss David
Published: May 2021

We present our recent work on broadband RF channelizers based on integrated optical frequency Kerr micro-combs combined with passive micro-ring resonator filters, with microcombs having channel spacings of 200GHz and 49GHz. This approach to realizing RF channelizers offers reduced complexity, size, and potential cost for a wide range of applications to microwave signal detection.
Evaluating a muscle ultrasound education programme: theoretical knowledge, hands-on skills, reliability and satisfaction of critical care physiotherapists
Authors: González-Seguel Felipe , Pinto-Concha Juan José , Ríos-Castro Francisco , Silva-Gutiérrez Alexis , Camus-Molina Agustín , Mayer Kirby P. , Parry Selina M.
Published: May 2021

Background: There is scarce evidence on learning outcomes of physiotherapists receiving formal muscle ultrasound training focused on the intensive care setting. The aim was to evaluate the theoretical knowledge, hands-on skills, satisfaction and reliability of critical care physiotherapists participating in a muscle ultrasound (MUS) educational programme. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 19 critical care physiotherapists with little to no prior experience in ultrasound who completed standardized 20-hours in MUS was performed over 2-week time period; including knobology, patient positioning, anatomical landmarks, image acquisition and limb muscle measurements. Theoretical knowledge, hands-on skills acquisition and satisfaction were assessed. Inter and intra-rater reliability on landmarks, thickness and pennation angle of quadriceps between participants was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Reliability among instructors measured prior to the course was also reported as reference. Results: The percentage score (mean±SD) of knowledge questionnaires was 69±0.11 (pre-course), 89±0.10 (post-course) and 92±0.09 (hands-on skills). Course satisfaction scores were ranged from 90% to 100%. Participants obtained pooled inter-rater reliability (median ICC [IQR]) of 0.70 [0.59 to 0.79] for thickness, 0.47 [0.46 to 0.92] for landmarks, 0.00 [0.00 to 0.05] for pennation angle; and intra-rater reliability of 0.76 [0.51 to 0.91] for thickness, and 0.35 [0.29 to 0.52] for pennation angle. Instructors obtained inter-rater ICC values of 0.90 for thickness, 0.67 for landmarks and 0.41 for pennation angle; and intra-rater ICC values of 0.94 for thickness and 0.75 for pennation angle. Conclusions: Increasing on theoretical knowledge, high hands-on performance acquisition, and good satisfaction of physiotherapists were observed. Reliability was moderate to excellent for thickness and landmarks, and absent to weak for pennation angle. Landmarking and pennation angle remain challenges for physiotherapist training in the application of muscle ultrasound. Further studies are needed to identify variables that could modify the reliability during MUS training.
A study in the effect of Oridonin on the lung cancer therapeutic effect of lentinan
Authors: CHEN ZHIGUO
Published: May 2021

Oridonin has been shown to have a potency for the improvement of the antitumor effect of lentinan (LNT). In this study, we tested the effect of oridonin, LNT, and the combination of them on a lung cancer. The study demonstrated that oridonin enhanced the antitumor effects of LNT and is conducive to the development of oridonin and LNT as a novel cancer drug regimen.
Lead-substituted barium hexaferrite for tunable terahertz optoelectronics
Authors: Alyabyeva Liudmila , Prokhorov Anatoly , Vinnik Denis , Anzin Vladimir , Ahmed Asmaa , Mikheykin Aleksey , Bednyakov Petr , Kadlec Christelle , Kadlec Filip , de Prado Esther , Prokleška Jan , Proschek Petr , Kamba Stanislav , Pronin Artem , Dressel Martin , Abalmasov Veniamin , Dremov Vyacheslav , Schmid Sebastian , Savinov Maxim , Lunkenheimer Peter , Gorshunov Boris
Published: May 2021

In recent years, due to their outstanding dielectric and magnetic properties, hexagonal ferrites (hexaferrites) have attracted considerable interest for developing electronic components of next-generation communication systems. The complex crystal structure of hexaferrites and critical dependences of their electric and magnetic properties on external factors, like magnetic or electric fields, pressure or doping, open ample opportunities for targeted tuning of these properties when designing specific devices. To that end, we explored the electromagnetic properties of the Pb-substituted barium hexaferrite, Ba1-xPbxFe12O19, a compound featuring an extremely rich set of physical phenomena that are inherent in the dielectric and magnetic subsystems of the material and are expected to have significant effect on its electromagnetic response at radio and terahertz frequencies. We performed the first detailed measurements of the AC response of single-crystalline Ba1-xPbxFe12O19 in an extremely broad spectral range from 1 Hz to 240 THz down to temperatures as low as 5 K. We fully characterized numerous microscopic phenomena that determine the broad-band dielectric response of the compound, and we analyzed their nature. This includes temperature-activated radiofrequency relaxations that were attributed to the dynamic response of magnetic/dielectric domains. The terahertz response is dominated by a ferroelectric-like soft mode with an unusual temperature behavior that we explain by means of a microscopic model. Several narrower terahertz excitations are associated with electronic transitions between the fine-structure components of the Fe2+ground state. Narrow resonances detected in the gigahertz region are presumably of magneto-electric origin. The obtained data on diverse but controllable electromagnetic properties of Ba1-xPbxFe12O19 compounds provides the researchers with information that makes the entire class of hexaferrites materials attractive for manufacturing electronic devices for the radiofrequency and terahertz ranges, such as absorbing coatings, anti-reflective coatings, absorbers, electromagnetic shields, antennas, phase shifters, filters, resonators, modulators, etc.
Incidence of Asiatic Citrus Canker on Trifoliate Orange and Its Hybrid Accessions in a Florida Field Planting
Authors: Stover Ed , Ramadugu Chandrika , Roose Mikeal , Krystel Joseph , Lee Richard F. , Keremane Manjunath
Published: May 2021

Asiatic citrus canker (ACC) foliar lesions were evaluated on progenies of 84 seed-source genotypes (“parent genotypes”) from the Citrus Variety Collection (CVC) of the University of California at Riverside (UCR) of Citrus trifoliata and hybrids between C. trifoliata and other Citrus species and hybrids. Trees were planted Aug. 2013 in a completely randomized design at the Fort Pierce U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) grove. Plants were assessed visually Aug. 2017, Sept. 2019, and Sept. 2020 for distinctive ACC lesion incidence and severity. Progeny were compared by parent genotypes using nonparametric analysis. Incidence of ACC [percentage of leaves displaying symptoms, verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to be associated with Xanthomonas citri pv. citri] across parent genotypes ranged from 8% to 80% (mean, 49%) of leaves affected in 2017, from 4% to 58% (mean, 29%) in 2019, and 8% to 46% (mean, 25%) in 2020. In 2017, of 49 C. trifoliata parent genotypes, only four separated from the two highest ACC-incidence statistical categories [Citrus Research Center (CRC) 3345, 3484, 3888, and 4017]. whereas 29 of the 35 C. trifoliata hybrids displayed lower ACC incidence, which separated from the two highest statistical categories. In 2019, of the C. trifoliata, only six separated from the highest ACC-incidence statistical category (CRC 3330, 3484, 3547, 3549, 3876, and 3888), whereas all 35 C. trifoliata hybrids displayed lower ACC incidence and separated from the highest statistical category, and 26 hybrids separated from 18 of the C. trifoliata. In 2020, only three C. trifoliata separated from the highest ACC-incidence statistical category (CRC 2861, 3549, and 3888) and 20 hybrids separated from 18 of the C. trifoliata. By parent genotype, ACC incidence correlated substantially between each pair of the 3 years, with r2 values of 0.39, 0.57, and 0.65. Of 34 hybrids validated, similar numbers had C. trifoliata, grapefruit (C. ×aurantium var. racemosa), and sweet orange (C. ×aurantium var. sinensis) chloroplasts. Chloroplast type affected ACC incidence and severity, but not in a consistent manner. Near-isogenic groups within C. trifoliata, as determined by DNA markers, were associated with some statistically different ACC sensitivity. Overall, hybrids of C. trifoliata with other citrus types displayed markedly reduced ACC sensitivity compared with C. trifoliata, indicating that this trait is readily overcome through breeding.
Development of a welded structure and a technology for manufacturing a smoke valve casing ID 2000 for use in a blast furnace
Authors: Pyatovsky A. S. , Broido V. L.
Published: May 2021

The aim of this work is to develop a welded structure and a technology for manufacturing a smoke valve casing ID 2000 for use in a blast furnace to substitute the previously used cast design from 35L steel. The proposed large-size structure (3742 x 3020 x 3275 mm) should provide a strong and tight connection of three thick-walled (to 40 mm) rolled shells. The development of the structure and its elements was carried out using three-dimensional modelling in the Compass-3d software. The joining zones of the shells are designed as bent transition elements with a double curvature. It was found that the use of technological allowances when bending the cylindrical shells of sectors makes it possible to obtain parts with the required accuracy (a deviation in diameter not higher than 5 mm). The rolling of the shells having a complex curved line of joining can be performed on a rectangular workpiece. A curved joining line with the sections having a length of 150-170 mm and cross-connections of 50-70 mm is cut out on the workpiece using a computerized flame-cutting machine. It was shown that the removal of the cross-connections by manual gas cutting and preparation of edges for welding can be performed only after rolling and welding of the straight joint of the shell. Techniques for fitting the double-curved segments during assembling using special hydraulic struts were elaborated. These techniques were used to develop a technology for manufacturing a welded casing structure. Due to the optimization of the casing design, its weight was reduced by 5.5% compared to that produced by casting. Using the developed technology, two valves were manufactured to replace obsolete valves at the largest blast furnace (5500 m3) in Europe "Severyanka", PJSC Severstal. The described technical solutions provided a significant reduction in the labour intensity of manufacturing the presented structure, at the same time as ensuring its high quality and optimized weight compared to that produced by casting.