bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dental eruption patterns and their relationship to systemic health conditions in children
Authors: Ahmed Neveen M. , Alzahrani Nada S. , Asali Afnan S. , Khormi Nouh H. , Abulsaud Hajar A. , Alqahtani Saad A. , Alshehri Nawaf A. , Almansour Sara H. , Al-Zahrani Raghad A. , Alshalawi Rayan F. , Alrashidi Albandari G.
Published: January 2025

Dental eruption patterns serve as vital indicators of pediatric health, reflecting a complex interplay between genetic, systemic, environmental, and nutritional factors. These patterns provide insights into a child’s overall health and development, often revealing early signs of systemic conditions or developmental abnormalities. Hormonal imbalances, such as those caused by hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, are known to affect the timing and sequence of tooth eruption. Delays in eruption can also result from chronic systemic diseases like diabetes mellitus or kidney disease, as disruptions in metabolic processes impact bone and dental development. Nutritional deficiencies, particularly in calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D, play a critical role in influencing eruption. Malnutrition often leads to delayed eruption and enamel hypoplasia, with such dental anomalies frequently accompanying stunted growth and systemic deficiencies. Genetic syndromes like Down syndrome and cleidocranial dysplasia further highlight the link between eruption patterns and systemic health, with distinct dental features such as delayed eruption and supernumerary teeth reflecting underlying genetic mutations. Environmental exposures, including high fluoride levels or lead toxicity, have been shown to disrupt dental development, leading to structural anomalies and altered eruption timelines. Additionally, psychological and behavioral factors, such as chronic stress, may interfere with normal eruption by affecting hormonal and metabolic pathways. Dental eruption assessments thus provide a non-invasive, accessible tool for identifying systemic and developmental conditions in children. Incorporating these evaluations into routine pediatric healthcare can enhance diagnostic accuracy and support early intervention for a wide range of health concerns. Understanding the multifaceted influences on eruption patterns enables clinicians to adopt a more holistic approach to pediatric care, fostering better outcomes for both oral and overall health.
Fluoride use in pediatric dentistry: balancing benefits and risks
Authors: Alamoudi Raed M. , Martaa Faisal M. , Alqahtani Fahad A. , Alshahri Arwa M. , Aboqraihah Maram N. , Alharbi Reem E. , Alaama Ismail A. , Alourf Alhanouf M. , Alnasser Ali A. , Kurdi Dania M. , Albalawi Raghdah M.
Published: January 2025

Fluoride has been a critical component in pediatric dentistry, offering significant protection against dental caries, a prevalent issue among children globally. Its mechanisms of action include enhancing enamel resistance through remineralization, inhibiting demineralization, and reducing bacterial activity in the oral cavity. These processes contribute to strengthening teeth and reducing the risk of decay, making fluoride a cornerstone in both individual and community dental care. However, excessive fluoride exposure, particularly in early childhood, poses risks such as dental fluorosis and, in rare cases, systemic toxicity. Strategies to ensure safe and effective fluoride use involve a combination of public health measures and individualized approaches. Community water fluoridation remains a cost-effective solution, significantly reducing caries prevalence while requiring strict monitoring to maintain safe levels. Topical applications, such as fluoride toothpaste and varnishes, provide targeted protection and minimize systemic intake, especially in high-risk populations. Recommendations for parental supervision during toothbrushing and the use of age-appropriate fluoride toothpaste are critical in reducing the risk of overexposure. Localized therapies, such as fluoride varnish and supplements for non-fluoridated areas, further enhance protective effects while addressing regional disparities. Public education campaigns play an essential role in raising awareness about proper fluoride use, fostering healthier oral hygiene practices among children and their caregivers. Ongoing research and evidence-based guidelines remain fundamental in optimizing fluoride application and addressing emerging concerns. Balancing the benefits of fluoride in preventing caries with the risks of overexposure requires a comprehensive approach that integrates scientific advancements, public health initiatives, and community-specific strategies.
The National Economy Spatial Development Indication in the Coordinates System of Competitiveness, Sustainability and Security
Authors:   Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Rostov-on-Don), Institute of Social, Economic and Humanitarian Research, Plyakin A. V. , Orekhova E. А. ,   Saratov State University
Published: January 2025

Theoretical and methodological questions of creating the system of monitoring and updating the spatial heterogeneity of the national economy development are discussed in this article. The competitiveness indicator, sustainability and economic safety system is suggested on the basis of a new coordinates system for the national economy development. The factor approach in the analysis of the national economy development competitiveness, sustainability and security helped explain the system of initial and basic statistical characteristic; it also helped work out a new system of relative characteristics for the national economy development competitiveness, sustainability and security.
Strategy of Maintenance of Economic Safety of the Enterprise: Personnel Aspect
Authors:   Saratov State University, Bgashev M. V.
Published: January 2025

The article deals wirh characteristic of strategy of maintenance of economic safety. The auther focuses on personnel aspect, internal and external threats of personnel safety. Proves, that in maintenance of personnel safety planning of the personnel should bear the basic loading.
Gender Equality and the Educational Achievement Index (EAI) in Northeast India
Authors: Hussain Manowar
Published: January 2025

This article examines gender disparities in education and labor force participation across the Northeastern states of India, using the Educational Achievement Index (EAI) as a key indicator of gender equality. While the region has made notable progress in reducing gender gaps, particularly in states like Meghalaya and Mizoram, where female literacy rates and workforce participation often exceed those of men, challenges remain. Rural women in states such as Arunachal Pradesh and Manipur face significant barriers, with lower educational attainment and labor force participation compared to their male counterparts. These disparities highlight the need for targeted policy interventions to improve access to education, skill development, and economic opportunities for women. Despite these challenges, the Northeastern region, with an EAI value of 0.62, surpasses the national average of 0.56, showcasing a more inclusive socio-economic landscape. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of continued investment in education and empowerment to achieve gender parity and a more equitable future.
Economy and Law Development of Indigenous Peoples of Arctic Countries: Background and Prospects
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Public and Municipal Administration of the Tyumen State University, Honored Worker of Education of the Russian Federation, PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Gladun Elena F.
Published: January 2025

The article describes the specifics of implementing and securing the right of indigenous peoples to economic
development in several Arctic states. In Russia, there is a gap in national legislation which does not provide for the right
to carry various types of economic activity not related to traditional economy. The cases of the United States of America
and Finland show that traditional economic activity can be successfully integrated into a market economy. Various legal
models of economic activities of indigenous peoples in the Arctic countries demonstrate the opportunities to achieve
successful socio-economic development and to overcome the challenges that indigenous peoples face in the modern world.
Issues of Legal Regulation of Digital Tax Control
Authors:   Lecturer of the Center for Tax Administration and Financial Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Tax Adviser at Formula Soglasiya, LLC, Chelnokov Dmitry M.
Published: January 2025

The article examines the problems of legal regulation of tax control in the context of digitalization of procedures for pre-verification analysis of taxpayer data.
As a result of the study, conclusions were drawn on the need to improve the legal regulation of tax control, taking into account the use of artificial intelligence
by tax authorities: (1) on the need for legislative regulation of all legally significant actions performed using artificial intelligence; (2) on the allocation of the
status of artificial intelligence in the tax control system as a special subject of tax relations; (3) on the need to document the digital information used by tax
authorities in the framework of the exercise of control powers.
The Legal Ground of Interest-Free Lending in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Authors:   Line Manager of the Legal Department of Sberbank, PJSC, Postgraduate Student of the State Academic University for the Humanities, Barsukov Fedor S.
Published: January 2025

The presented article is devoted to the study of the specifics of the legal regulation of interest-free lending in the Islamic Republic of Iran at present.
It is established that the legal basis for this operation is both the rules of law and the provisions of the state religion of Iran — Shiite Islam of the Jafarite school.
It is determined that despite the formal gratuitousness of interest-free lending, in a number of cases this principle is not applied. It is shown that interest-free
lending has the right to be carried out only by special banking organizations. As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that interest-free
lending is a form of implementing the social character of the modern Iranian state.
The effect of aquaculture feed on the nutritional quality of farmed seafood: A review of feed ingredients and their impact on human health
Authors: Evrendilek Gulsun Akdemir
Published: January 2025

Aquaculture has emerged as a primary source of global seafood production, with the nutritional quality of farmed seafood being significantly influenced by the composition of aquaculture feed. This review examines the impact of various feed ingredients—including fishmeal, plant-based formulations, and algae—on the nutritional profiles of farmed seafood, focusing particularly on key nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, protein quality, and essential vitamins. While fishmeal has traditionally served as a cornerstone in aquaculture feed due to its high-quality protein and omega-3 content, sustainability challenges have driven the adoption of alternative ingredients. Plant-based feeds, though widely available, may alter the nutritional composition of seafood by reducing omega-3 levels, while algae-based feeds offer a promising sustainable alternative capable of enriching seafood with essential fatty acids and bioactive compounds. Furthermore, the potential accumulation of contaminants such as heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in feed ingredients raises concerns about seafood safety and human health. This review underscores the need for optimizing feed formulations to balance nutritional quality, sustainability, and safety, thereby enhancing the health benefits of farmed seafood for consumers while addressing environmental concerns.
Reportażowa biografia rodzinna jako polemika z etosem kulturowym. O problemach z kaszubską religijnością w Welewetce Stasi Budzisz
Authors: Maciak Mariusz
Published: January 2025

Celem artykułu jest analiza obrazu kaszubskiego katolicyzmu w reportażu Stasi Budzisz Welewetka. Jak znikają Kaszuby. W książce przyjmującej formę reportażowej biografii rodzinnej autorka podejmuje próbę nowego spojrzenia na dziedzictwo kulturowe i tożsamość kaszubską. Opowieść o niełatwym procesie przyswajania przez reporterkę kaszubskich tradycji staje się dla niej okazją do krytycznego spojrzenia na kondycję regionu i jego dziedzictwo kulturowe. Z tego powodu Welewetka traktowana być może jako reporterska polemika z regionalnym etosem kulturowym. Szczególnie wyraźnej krytyce poddaje Budzisz kaszubski katolicyzm. Na kartach książki jawi się on jako wewnętrznie niespójny, negatywnie wpływający na lokalne stosunki społeczne oraz osłabiający odrębność kulturową Kaszub. Widziany przez pryzmat reportażu katolicyzm może być pojmowany jako czynnik wypaczający obraz regionalnej kultury. Literacka narracja pozwala ponadto stwierdzić, że nadmierna społeczna nobilitacja katolicyzmu przyczynia się do kreowania wyidealizowanego, a przez to w pewnym sensie fikcyjnego obrazu mieszkańców regionu.
„Nie wychodzę z domu i może jakoś to przeczekam…”. Opowiadania Zdzisława Beksińskiego w kontekście teorii domu onirycznego Gastona Bachelarda
Authors: Hejniak Zuzanna
Published: January 2025

Zdzisław Beksiński, znany przede wszystkich ze swojego malarstwa, fotografii i grafiki komputerowej, był w istocie artystą totalnym. Na przełomie dwóch lat – od 1963 roku do 1965 roku – zajmował się również twórczością literacką, czego efektem było około trzystu stron maszynopisu, na podstawie którego w 2015 roku wydano wybór jego opowiadań. Beksiński darzył dużym sentymentem swoje pisarstwo, jednak ostatecznie zdecydował poświęcić się w pełni malarstwu z nadzieją na upragnioną niezależność. W literackich próbach odnaleźć można szereg motywów wielokrotnie powracających w jego twórczości. Do najważniejszych zaliczyć należy sen, śmierć oraz dom. Przyjrzenie się ostatniemu z nich na podstawie trzech opowiadań: Na końcu ogrodu, Informator i Wilki, jest celem niniejszego artykułu. Mitem domu w opowiadaniach Beksińskiego zostanie przeanalizowany w kontekście teorii domu onirycznego Gastona Bachelarda.
Zdekonstruować króla pikowego. Recenzja książki: Emilia Kledzik, Perspektywa poety. Cyganologia Jerzego Ficowskiego, Poznań 2023
Authors: Czwordon-Lis Paulina
Published: January 2025

Autorka recenzuje książkę Emilii Kledzik Perspektywa poety. Cyganologia Jerzego Ficowskiego z perspektywy „ficologicznej”, tzn. jako pozycję poświęconą osobie poety, na tle dotychczasowej recepcji jego twórczości. Interesujący jest już wybór jako tematu monografii niekomentowanej wcześniej części dorobku Ficowskiego, który obejmuje też w niemałym stopniu teksty przynajmniej z założenia nieliterackie. Autorka recenzji zwraca uwagę na rozległość kwerend badaczki i przywoływanych przez nią kontekstów, chłodny język rozprawy, drobiazgowe udokumentowanie i interdyscyplinarny charakter, a także na antydyskryminacyjne założenia jej książki (również wobec antydyskryminacyjnych założeń projektu i działań samego Ficowskiego). Przy użyciu narzędzi imagologii i krytyki postkolonialnej badaczka wykrywa w procygańskich pismach autora Pod berłem króla pikowego jego własny „konstrukt cygańskości”. Spostrzeżenie to, podobnie jak wykazywanie historycznego charakteru cyganologii poprzez analizę uwarunkowań, w jakich pisma te powstawały, ma na celu odnowę polskiego stanu badań romologicznych. Autorka recenzji odnosi się także do ambiwalencji, jaką wywołuje zderzenie postawy twórcy afirmującego bogactwo różnych kultur i stającego po stronie prześladowanych mniejszości z wynikami analizy jego tekstów, w których nowe teorie pozwalają zobaczyć efekty zbytniego przywiązania do własnego konstruktu. Zasygnalizowana zostaje także kwestia konsekwencji transferu tych i innych zarzutów do szerszego obiegu. Odczytania Emilii Kledzik sprzyjają dyskusji i w nieoczywisty sposób ożywiają recepcję autora Cyganów na polskich drogach.
Monopol emisyjny Narodowego Banku Polskiego w przepisach konstytucyjnych i ustawowych
Authors: Ofiarski Zbigniew
Published: January 2025

Wzorce konstytucyjnego monopolu emisyjnego Narodowego Banku Polskiego zauważalne są w polskim ustawodawstwie z lat 1918–1939. Dotyczą one statusu prawnego i zadań Polskiej Krajowej Kasy Pożyczkowej, a następnie Banku Polskiego SA. Przysługiwał im przywilej emitowania pieniądza, tzn. wprowadzania do obiegu pieniądza pełniącego funkcję środka płatniczego na terytorium Rzeczypospolitej. Obowiązujące w latach 1944–1997 ustawy regulujące pozycję prawną oraz funkcje NBP jako centralnego banku państwa stanowiły także o monopolu emisyjnym tego banku. Do 1989 r. nie był to jednak monopol realny, ponieważ rozmiary emisji określała i zatwierdzała Rada Ministrów, przy czym od 1975 r. NBP obowiązany był organizować i regulować obrót gotówkowy zgodnie z potrzebami gospodarki narodowej. Monopol emisyjny NBP podniesiono do rangi normy konstytucyjnej w 1997 r. Wpływ na jego ostateczny kształt miały propozycje zawarte w projektach konstytucji przedkładanych Zgromadzeniu Narodowemu w latach 1993–1997. Efektem jest wyrażone w art. 227 ust. 1 Konstytucji RP wyłączne prawo NBP do emisji pieniądza, skorelowane z innymi uprawnieniami oraz obowiązkami banku centralnego, tzn. z wyłącznym prawem do ustalania i realizowania polityki pieniężnej oraz odpowiedzialnością za wartość polskiego pieniądza. Wymienione atrybuty wyznaczają status NBP jako centralnego banku państwa, a także tworzą podstawy systemu monetarnego państwa. Standard konstytucyjny doprecyzowano w ustawie o NBP, ale widoczny jest dysonans między regulacjami konstytucyjnymi i ustawowymi. Monopol emisyjny NBP wyrażono w Konstytucji RP szerzej, gdyż dotyczy on „pieniądza” (gotówkowego i bezgotówkowego), natomiast w ustawie o NBP został ograniczony tylko do „znaków pieniężnych” (pieniądza gotówkowego). Będąc odpowiedzialnym za wartość polskiego pieniądza, NBP powinien kontrolować wielkość emisji znaków pieniężnych. Nie może dopuszczać do nadmiernej ich emisji, której efektem byłoby osłabienie siły nabywczej polskiego pieniądza, zmniejszenie zainteresowania przeprowadzaniem rozliczeń z jego użyciem i gromadzeniem w nim oszczędności lub osłabienie kursu wobec walut obcych.
Akty interpretacyjne zamiast aktów prawnych – materializacja idei administracji pomagającej podatnikowi czy dekompozycja konstytucyjnego systemu źródeł prawa podatkowego?
Authors: Morawski Wojciech
Published: January 2025

Opracowanie nawiązuje do dorobku orzeczniczego prof. dr hab. Teresy Dębowskiej-Romanowskiej jako sędzi Trybunału Konstytucyjnego. Przedstawiono w nim wyrok Trybunału Konstytucyjnego z dnia 11 maja 2004 r. (sygn. K 4/03) oraz jego konsekwencje. Obecnie polskie prawo podatkowe ewoluuje w kierunku, który wydaje się sprzeczny z poglądami Trybunału Konstytucyjnego wynikającymi z tego wyroku.
Władztwo finansowe województwa śląskiego 1920–1939 (II Rzeczpospolita)
Authors: Bogucka-Felczak Monika , Kowalski Patryk
Published: January 2025

W niniejszym opracowaniu przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących zakresu przyznanego władztwa finansowego województwu śląskiemu, istniejącemu w latach 1920–1939, przez II Rzeczpospolitą Polską. Za materiał badawczy posłużyły akty prawne z zakresu prawa konstytucyjnego i finansowego II Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej i województwa śląskiego. Dokonano także przeglądu literatury omawiającej problematykę autonomii śląskiej. Ustalono, że województwo śląskie w latach 1920–1930 cieszyło się dużą autonomią w zakresie władztwa finansowego w kilku aspektach: budżetowym, dochodowym, podatkowym i redystrybucyjnym. Jednakże autonomia ta miała pewne ograniczenia ustrojowe, które świadczyły o zależności od ówczesnego państwa polskiego.
Wpływ zaliczenia Bankowego Funduszu Gwarancyjnego do sektora finansów publicznych na strukturę długu publicznego w Polsce
Authors: Żmuda-Matan Kamila
Published: January 2025

Na podstawie art. 1 ust. 1 ustawy z dnia 11 sierpnia 2021 r. o zmianie ustawy o finansach publicznych oraz niektórych innych ustaw Bankowy Fundusz Gwarancyjny stał się jednostką sektora finansów publicznych. W art. 9 ustawy z dnia 27 sierpnia 2009 r. o zmianie ustawy o finansach publicznych oraz niektórych innych ustaw zakres podmiotowy sektora finansów publicznych został poszerzony o pkt 15 w brzmieniu:„15) Bankowy Fundusz Gwarancyjny”. Jak wynika z uzasadnienia do ww. ustawy zmieniającej, rozwiązanie to ma przyczynić się do zmniejszenia różnic w zakresie metodologii unijnej i polskiej dotyczącej sektora finansów publicznych, a tym samym ujednolicenia zasad obliczania deficytu i długu publicznego. W komentowanym zakresie ustawa zmieniająca weszła w życie z dniem 1 stycznia 2022 r.Powyższe skłania do dokonania oceny wdrażanego ustawą zmieniającą rozwiązania przez pryzmat jego wpływu na sposób obliczania wysokości i strukturę długu publicznego, który obecnie ustala się w Polsce według dwóch metodologii – krajowej i unijnej. Funkcjonujący dualizm metodyczny w zakresie definiowania i określania struktury długu publicznego według rozwiązań polskich i wymagań unijnych z pewnością nie sprzyja zachowaniu transparentności finansów publicznych i utrudnia porównywanie danych, jednocześnie umożliwiając prowadzenie kreatywnej polityki finansowej państwa.Czy dokonana zmiana to szansa na poprawę obecnego stanu?
Kilka uwag o konsekwencjach wyroku Trybunału Konstytucyjnego z dnia 24 lutego 2021 r. (SK 39/19) dla stosowania prawa podatkowego przez sądy administracyjne
Authors: Halasz Artur
Published: January 2025

W wyroku z dnia 24 lutego 2021 r. (sygn. SK 39/19) Trybunał Konstytucyjny stwierdził, że art. 1a ust. 1 pkt 3 ustawy z dnia 12 stycznia 1991 r. o podatkach i opłatach lokalnych rozumiany w ten sposób, że o związaniu gruntu, budynku lub budowli z prowadzeniem działalności gospodarczej decyduje wyłącznie posiadanie gruntu, budynku lub budowli przez przedsiębiorcę lub inny podmiot prowadzący działalność gospodarczą, jest niezgodny z prawem do własności oraz zasadą proporcjonalności. Trybunał w swoim uzasadnieniu wskazał m.in., że przedsiębiorcy nie mogą być obciążani wyższą stawką podatku jedynie z powodu posiadania nieruchomości, które nie służą im do prowadzeniadziałalności gospodarczej. W opracowaniu tym autor przeanalizuje sposób stosowa-nia prawa podatkowego po orzeczeniu Trybunału przez sądy administracyjne.
Wybrane problemy legislacyjne, które rzutują na konstytucyjność regulacji podatkowej – rozważania na tle orzecznictwa Trybunału Konstytucyjnego
Authors: Łukawska-Białogłowska Dominika
Published: January 2025

Niniejsze opracowanie dotyczy wybranych problemów legislacyjnych związanych z regulacją prawa podatkowego, które zostały zaakcentowane w polskim orzecznictwie sądowokonstytucyjnym. Trybunał Konstytucyjny – dokonując wykładni Konstytucji – sformułował bowiem kategoryczne poglądy w przedmiocie okresu odpowiedniej vacatio legis oraz respektowania przez legislatywę konstytucyjnych terminów przyznanych Prezydentowi Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w procesie ustawodawczym.
Why obey the law when you can ignore it? A message from the Czech Financial Administration?
Authors: Sejkora Tomáš , Kvapil Jakub
Published: January 2025

Niniejsze opracowanie stanowi krótkie studium przypadku z Republiki Czeskiej. Poświęcone jest kwestii bezspornej części nadmiernego odliczenia podatku VAT. Jego celem jest zwrócenie uwagi na dziwną sytuację, której byliśmy świadkami jako środowisko zawodowe, gdy administracja podatkowa „pod flagą” ministerstwa finansów odmówiła przestrzegania powszechnie obowiązującej regulacji prawnej rozstrzygniętej orzeczeniem Trybunału Konstytucyjnego. W tym kontekście państwo wyznacza standardy postępowania, zgodnie z którymi prawo nie jest stosowane jednakowo wobec wszystkich uczestników procedury prawnej. Jeśli chodzi o metody naukowe, niniejsze opracowanie jest wynikiem badań jakościowych, w których zastosowano metody analizy, syntezy i dedukcji.
Kompetencje prezesa Rady Ministrów w zakresie dokonywania zmian w budżecie państwa. Wymóg czasu czy nieuzasadnione ograniczenie roli parlamentu w sferze determinowania treści budżetu państwa?
Authors: Duda-Hyz Michalina
Published: January 2025

W związku z pandemią do polskiego systemu prawnego wprowadzono wiele regulacji mających na celu uelastycznienie procesu wykonywania budżetu państwa, w tym przepisy kreujące nieznane dotąd kompetencje prezesa Rady Ministrów w sferze przenoszenia oraz blokowania planowanych wydatków budżetowych. Celem opracowania jest analiza tych przepisów w kontekście konstytucyjnej zasady wyłączności władzy ustawodawczej w kształtowaniu wydatków państwa. Realizacja wskazanego celu pozwoliła na sformułowanie tezy, iż skutkiem wprowadzonych zmian było istotne, a jednocześnie pozbawione legitymacji konstytucyjnej poszerzenie władztwa dyskrecjonalnego organu władzy wykonawczej w zakresie hierarchizacji poszczególnych celów publicznych oraz wysokości wydatkowania. Została również ograniczona jawność podstaw prowadzenia publicznej gospodarki finansowej.
Wpływ odpowiedzialności odszkodowawczej Skarbu Państwa na budżet państwa i strukturę jego wydatków
Authors: Frysztak Małgorzata
Published: January 2025

Przedmiotem niniejszego opracowania jest zagadnienie faktycznego wzrostu realizowanych (wypłacanych) roszczeń z tytułu odszkodowań i zadośćuczynień kierowanych przeciwko Skarbowi Państwa, szczególnie związanych z wykonywaniem władzy publicznej. Ponadto w publikacji poruszono również kwestię wpływu tej odpowiedzialności odszkodowawczej Skarbu Państwa na strukturę wydatków budżetowych i realną swobodę w planowaniu budżetu.
Nutritive Value, Energy Metabolism, Organic Matter Digestibility of Some Fodder Tree Species and its Potential as Methane Inhibitor
Authors: Dianita Rahmi , Afzalani Afzalani , Muthalib Raden Abdul , Raguati Raguati , Alwi Yun
Published: January 2025

Background: A negative impact on livestock productivity and the environment due to accumulation of greenhouse gases, might be mitigated by using secondary metabolic compounds from plants in the form of tannins which potentially proven in reducing the methane production of ruminants. This study aims to explore the Fodder Trees Species (FTS) in terms of nutritional value, energy metabolism content and its potential as an inhibitor of methane gas produced in rumen fermentation. Methods: This research was carried out in two stages. Phase I, evaluation of the nutritional value of the FTS which includes a proximate analysis and analysis of the NDF and ADF fiber fractions components. Phase II, the evaluation of FTS with in vitro gas methods. The study was carried out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 6 species of FTS as treatment and 4 replications. Profil GP and metan production are measured at incubation time of 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. DM digestibility, OM digestibility, N-amonia and energy metabolism were measured at the end of in vitro gas study. Result: The Species of FTS has varied chemical composition, potential nutritional value and not only provides protein but also a source of energy for ruminant animal. At incubation times of 12 to 24 hours, the production of methane gas from M. oleifera, S. grandiflora and L. leucocephala is greater than that from G. sepium and C. calothyrsus. However, at incubation times exceeding 24 hours, C. calothyrsus produces more methane gas than P. falcataria and G. sepium. The highest levels of N-ammonia are produced by M. oleifera, L. leucocephala, S. grandiflora and C. calothyrsus, while the lowest levels are observed in P. falcataria and G. sepium. P. falcataria and G. sepium found as the potential low methane-producing feeds and have protein characteristic which are resistant to rumen microbe digestion.
Advancing Agriculture with AI-Powered Robotic Harvesting Systems for Legume Crops
Authors: Ah Jung Mi , Lee Hae-Jun
Published: January 2025

Background: The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in agricultural practices has witnessed substantial advancements, with a focus on enhancing efficiency and sustainability. This research explores the application of AI-powered robotic harvesting systems for legume crops, aiming to revolutionize traditional harvesting methods. By leveraging machine learning algorithms and robotic technology, this study investigates the feasibility and performance of such systems in terms of precision, speed and resource optimization. Methods: This research focussed on creating and implementing a robotic harvesting system that applies artificial intelligence to precisely identify and harvest legume crops. The system’s design relies on a combination of robotic technology, computer vision and machine learning algorithms to achieve optimal performance. In this work, a 4-layer CNN model is used to detect dandelion and soybean. Result: The findings provide valuable insights into the potential benefits and challenges associated with the adoption of AI in legume crop harvesting, contributing to the ongoing discourse on sustainable agriculture. The 4-layer CNN model shows a good overall accuracy of 99.71%. Confusion matrix and classification report are presented for evaluation of the model.
Analysis of Population Educational Goals Reflected in the Achievement Standards of 2022 Revised Home Economics Curriculum
Authors:   Korean Home Economics Education Association, Kim Soyoung
Published: January 2025

This study aimed at figuring out whether the home economics courses designed from the achievement standards of 2022 revised curriculum were able to contribute to meeting the population educational goals, based on which suggestions to integrate population education into home economics courses at school were provided. Findings and suggestions from the content analysis of achievement standards of 2022 revised home economics curriculum using the contents system of population education were as follows. First, home economics achievement standards in middle school were likely to contribute to meeting the learning goals related to ‘respect for human’ and ‘family’ domains of population education, but were hardly related to the educational goals in ‘population’ and ‘welfare’ domains. Thus, home economics teachers needed to have sufficient understanding of the achievement standards, which was expected to allow them to design convergence-based courses within home economics courses and with other related subjects. Second, home economics achievement standards in high school covered not only contents in ‘population’ and ‘welfare’ domains, but also reflected mate selection, marriage, parenthood, and parenting in ‘family’ domain. Selection of home economics in high school selective-centered curriculum would strengthen continued population education from middle to high schools. This study is expected to provide useful directions to home economics teachers who are willing to realize population education in school courses.
Development and Implementation of an Educational Program to Enhance AI Convergence Education Competencies for Pre-service Home Economics Teachers
Authors:   Korean Home Economics Education Association, Shin Ka Hyun , Lee Kyung Won
Published: January 2025

This study aims to systematically develop and analyze the effectiveness of an educational program designed to enhance AI-integrated education competencies of pre-service home economics teachers. Based on a thorough review of relevant literature and the ADDIE model, a 12-session educational program was developed. The program included detailed lesson plans, instructional PowerPoint slides, and student activity materials, all validated by 12 experts specializing in home economics and AI-integrated education. To assess the program's effectiveness, it was implemented over four weeks with 24 pre-service home economics teachers pursuing teacher certification. Pre- and post-program evaluations of AI-integrated education competencies, along with satisfaction surveys, were conducted. The results showed significant improvements across all domains, including AI-integrated education literacy, application, and values. Additionally, the program received a high satisfaction rating, with an average score of 4.78 out of 5. This study is significant as it incorporates the unique characteristics of the home economics discipline in developing AI-integrated education for pre-service teachers. It is expected to serve as a foundational resource for fostering AI-integrated education in home economics as these pre-service teachers transition into their teaching careers.
Analysis of Youth’s Sustainable Fashion Consumption Trends using Text Mining
Authors:   Korean Home Economics Education Association, Noh Junhui , Wee Eun Hah
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to identify trends in youth fashion consumption that exist throughout society by analyzing big data on youth's sustainable fashion consumption in order to propose learning contents for home economics education. The research method is big data analysis. Naver, Daum, Google, YouTube, and Twitter were analyzed to identify the top 50 major keywords in big data on youth's sustainable fashion consumption using text mining techniques. Then, four clusters were created and visualized through CONCOR analysis, Cluster Diagram, and NetDraw. Looking at the results, the main keywords for youth's sustainable fashion consumption are ‘brand’, ‘consumer’, ‘environment’, ‘eco-friendly’, ‘product’, ‘trend’, ‘education’, ‘society’, ‘company’, It was confirmed that ‘daily life’ was a keyword that appeared in the top 10 and that both frequency and importance were high. In addition, as keywords such as ‘online’, ‘platform’, ‘content’, and ‘digital’ appeared, it was found that youth’s sustainable fashion consumption must be related to digital such as online platforms. And the four clusters extracted through data clustering using semantic network and CONCOR analysis are ‘production and consumption that practices eco-friendly and ethical values,’ ‘future education that considers the sustainability of people and the earth,’ and ‘expansion of the digital market and They were the ‘Forecast’ and ‘Changes due to Corona’ groups. In this regard, it can be seen that this suggests that we need to consider the direction and method of educating youth on sustainable fashion consumption.
Analysis of Social Problems in Middle School Home Economics Curriculum and Text Books
Authors:   Korean Home Economics Education Association, Kim Eui Jung , Chae Jung Hyun
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to analyze the types and description styles of social problems included in middle school Home Economics(HE) curriculum and HE text books. In this study, content analysis standards were established for social problems in HE through a literature review and analyzed the HE curriculum and HE textbooks of middle school to find out the proportion of social problems covered in HE by types and description styles of social problems. The results of this study are as follows. First, the types of social problems covered in the HE curriculum and textbooks are problems related to quality of life(environment, population, health care) and family and generational problems(family, women, youth, elderly). Types of social problems with low emphasis are structural social problems(urban, poverty, crime). Second, the 2015 revised HE curriculum and textbooks mainly deal with crime, family, and health care problems, while problems of youth, population, environment, and women are slightly covered. Social problems of excessive consumption, dehumanization, information society and social problems of elderly, education, urban, and poverty are hardly covered. In contrast, the 2022 revised HE curriculum deals with problems of environment problems of excessive consumption, dehumanization, information society, youth, health care, crime, family, and women in order. Third, the most common style of describing social problems in the HE curriculum was solutions, followed by simple mentions, causes and results, and actual situations. Descriptive styles for conceptualization and generalization were rarely addressed.
Recent Advances in Nitrate Reduction Electrolyzers for Sustainable Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Kim Keon-Han , Lim Jeonghoon
Published: January 2025

The electrochemical reduction of nitrate (NO3RR) to ammonia (NH3) provides a decentralized and environmentally friendly route for sustainable ammonia production while addressing the urgent issue of nitrate pollution in water bodies. Recent advancements in NO3RR research have improved catalyst design, mechanistic understanding, and electrolyzer technology, enhancing selectivity, yield, and energy efficiency. This review explores cutting-edge developments, focusing innovative designs of catalyst and electrolyzer such as membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) and electrolyzer configuration, understanding the role of membranes in MEA designs, and various types of hybrid reactors, and membrane-free reactors. Furthermore, the integration of NO3RR with anodic oxidation reactions has been demonstrated to improve overall efficiency by generating valuable co-products. However, challenges such as competitive hydrogen evolution, catalyst degradation, and scalability remain critical barriers to large-scale adoption. We provide a comprehensive overview of recent progress, evaluates current limitations, and identifies future research directions for realizing the full potential of NO3RR in sustainable nitrogen cycling and ammonia synthesis.
Establishment of Intestinal Organoids from Common Marmosets
Authors: Ishimura Arisa , Iwatsuki Ken , Imai Hiroo
Published: January 2025

Intestinal organoids are useful for in vitro investigation of the properties of intestinal epithelial cells and their interaction with gut microbiome. Here, we established cecal and colonic organoids from common marmosets, which are highlighted as model nonhuman primates but susceptible to gastrointestinal diseases. Established organoids were capable of passaging and long term culture. Results of quantitative reverse transcription PCR and immunostaining showed differentiation of the organoids into major cell types in the intestinal epithelium (colonocytes, goblet cells and enteroendocrine cells), enabling in vitro analysis of these cells in marmosets. The organoids will be a useful model for the investigation of gut physiology related to gastrointestinal diseases and gut-microbiome interactions, further expanding medical, biological and veterinary research in the future.
Modified Multi-Head Attention Transformer (MMHAT) for Skin Image Classification
Authors: Kahia Marwa , Bassem Bsir , Sekkiou Imene , Kallel Fathi
Published: January 2025

Skin cancer detection is a crucial task in dermatology, with accurate classification of skin lesions playing a key role in improving patient outcomes. This paper proposes a modified architecture based on Multi-Head Attention Transformer (MMHAT) for skin image classification, specifically targeting the detection of malignant melanoma and melanocytic nevus. The Transformer model leverages self-attention mechanisms to capture complex spatial relationships and contextual information across different regions of skin images, which is essential for distinguishing between various types of lesions. Unlike conventional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), which are limited by kernel size and layer depth, the Transformer’s self-attention mechanism enables it to capture long-range dependencies and reduce reliance on external information, allowing for better internal data correlation. In this work, we utilize a multi-head self-attention module to extract image features, which allows the model to focus on multiple aspects of the image simultaneously, enhancing its ability to detect subtle patterns often missed by traditional CNNs. The model is evaluated on the publicly available ISIC 2018 dataset, containing a diverse range of dermoscopic images. Experimental results show that the proposed Transformer model achieves an accuracy of 0.91, outperforming conventional models such as ResNet50 and Inception V3, which achieved accuracy of 0.90 and 0.84, respectively. Furthermore, experiments with and without multi-head attention demonstrate the significant impact of the attention mechanism in improving model performance, particularly in skin cancer detection.
Life Skills and Volleyball Teaching: Comparison Between TGfU and the Direct Instruction Model
Authors: Arantes Débora , Gonçalves Carolinne , Rodrigues Marcelo , Correa José , Milistetd Michel , Costa Gustavo De Conti Teixeira
Published: January 2025

The learning environment created by the physical education teacher, through the teaching model employed, can significantly influence students' engagement during lessons. Therefore, this study aimed to compare tactical-technical learning and students’ self-perceptions of life skills between TGfU and direct instruction. The sample consisted of 67 students, aged between 13 and 15 years, enrolled in the ninth grade of a municipal public school, and the research design involved an in-tervention consisting of 18 sessions, each lasting 60 minutes. The results revealed no significant differences between the teaching models regarding tactical-technical variables (p > 0.05). How-ever, concerning life skills, the TGfU/HVs group demonstrated higher mean teamwork scores than the Traditional group (p = 0.008). On the other hand, the Traditional and control groups achieved higher mean scores for goal-setting skills than the TGfU/HVs group (p = 0.001 for both cases). These findings highlight that the organization of sports practice, despite variations in teaching models, fosters the students’ self-perceptions of life skills, underscoring the necessity of further research to deepen understanding of game-based pedagogies in school physical education. It is also imperative to reflect on implementing additional pedagogical practices in schools that align with institutional objectives and actively promote student learning.
The Importance of Murine Models and Their Resultant In Vivo Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Efficacy Assessments for Antimalarial Drug Discovery
Authors: Adebayo Glory , Ayanda Opeyemi I. , Rottmann Matthias , Ajibaye Olusola , Oduselu Gbolahan , Mulindwa Julius , Ajani Olayinka O. , Aina Oluwagbemiga , Mäser Pascal , Adebiyi Ezekiel
Published: January 2025

New chemical entities are consistently being investigated in antimalarial drug discovery and they require animal models for toxicity and efficacy testing. Murine models in searching for novel antimalarial drugs are inevitable because they show unique similarities to human physiology during malaria pathogenesis. Therefore, they provide a preclinical basis (following in vitro assessments of newly identified lead compounds) for further assessment in the drug development pipeline. Specific mouse strains, non-humanized and humanized, have successfully been infected with rodent Plasmodium species and the human Plasmodium falciparum respectively. Infected mice provide a platform for the assessment of treatment options being sought. In vivo pharmacokinetic evaluations are necessary when determining the fate of new lead compounds in addition to the efficacy assessment of these chemical entities. This review highlights specific murine models important for antimalarial drug discovery and their resultant critical in vivo pharmacokinetic, safety, and efficacy assessments necessary for making appropriate choices of lead compounds.
Role of Feature Engineering in Improving Machine Learning Predictions of Diabetes Mellitus in Healthcare Data
Authors: Olaoye Godwin , Fajinmi John
Published: January 2025

Diabetes Mellitus is a global health concern, and early prediction plays a crucial role in its management and prevention. In the realm of healthcare, machine learning (ML) has shown promising potential for predicting the onset and progression of diabetes. However, the effectiveness of ML models heavily relies on the quality of the data fed into them. Feature engineering—the process of transforming raw data into informative features—emerges as a critical factor in improving prediction accuracy and model performance. This paper explores the role of feature engineering in enhancing ML-based predictions of Diabetes Mellitus using healthcare data. Key techniques such as data preprocessing, feature selection, transformation, and dimensionality reduction are examined for their impact on model outcomes. By refining the features extracted from clinical data (e.g., glucose levels, BMI, age, and medical history), these methods can improve predictive accuracy and reduce model overfitting. Additionally, this paper discusses challenges such as data imbalance, missing values, and ethical concerns surrounding the use of patient data. The paper also outlines future directions, including the integration of automated feature engineering and the potential for personalized diabetes prediction models. The findings underscore the transformative potential of feature engineering in healthcare, highlighting its ability to drive more accurate, reliable, and actionable diabetes predictions.
Mathematical Modeling for the Optimal Surface of T-Shaped Combined Footing Assuming That the Contact Area with the Ground Woks Partially Under Compression
Authors: Diaz-Gurrola Eyran Roberto , LUEVANOS ROJAS Arnulfo , Santiago-Hurtado Griselda , Moreno-Landeros Victor Manuel , Landa-Gómez Aldo Emelio
Published: January 2025

This study shows an optimal model to obtain the minimum contact surface with the ground for T-shaped combined footings, taking into account that the surface works partially under compression, this is, a part of the surface under the footing in contact with the ground is under compression and the other part the pressure is zero (linear pressure on the ground). There are works that show the minimum surface for T-shaped combined footings, but the surface beneath the footing in contact with the ground works entirely in compression. The model is developed by integration and/or by the geometric properties of a pyramid with a triangular-based to obtain the equations of the resultant force and the two moments (X and Y axes) for the fifteen cases of biaxial bending and three special cases of uniaxial bending (My1 and My2 are equals to zero). Three numerical examples are presented with the same data: Example 1 is for different bending moments; Example 2 is for bending moments Mx1 and Mx2 equals to zero; Example 3 is for bending moments My1 and My2 equals to zero. Also, a comparison is made with the current model (area works completely under compression) and the new model (area works partially under compression). The results show that savings of up to 31.40% can be achieved in the area of ​​contact with the ground. In this way, the minimum surface model will be of great help to foundation engineering specialists.
Associations Between P300 Latency and Reaction Time on Event-Related Potentials in Children with Varying Levels of Fluid Intelligence
Authors: Zygouris Nikolaos C. , Dermitzaki Irini , Patrikelis Panayiotis , Messinis Lambros , Toki Eugenia I.
Published: January 2025

Assessing cognitive abilities is crucial in educational contexts to inform student selection processes. Presently, academic metrics are widely used for grading, evaluation, selection and placement decisions. This study investigates the correlation between P300 latency, reaction time, and fluid intelligence in children, utilizing Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM) for intelligence measurement. Participants were divided into two groups based on their RSPM scores, reflecting "high mental abilities" and "average mental abilities." We hypothesized that children with higher RSPM scores would demonstrate shorter P300 latency and faster reaction times, indicative of more efficient cognitive processing. Electrophysiological data were collected through Event Related Potentials (ERPs), specifically analyzing the P300 component. Results confirmed that higher intelligence is associated with shorter P300 latencies and faster reaction times, supporting theories of neural efficiency and cognitive speed's role in intelligence. This study enhances understanding of the neurophysiological correlates of intelligence in children and informs educational strategies tailored to individual cognitive profiles.