bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacto de 24 semanas de treinamento com pesos na composição corporal de idosas
Authors: Do Nascimento Matheus Amarante , Borges Januário Renata Selvatici , Greca João Paulo De Aguiar , Gerage Aline Mendes , De Oliveira Arli Ramos , Pina Fábio Luiz Cheche
Published: April 2012

Introdução: O envelhecimento está atrelado a modificações nos sistemas biológicos do organismo, como a redução da massa muscular e o aumento da gordura corporal, o que pode comprometer a qualidade de vida de idosos. Assim, a prática do treinamento com pesos (TP) tem sido recomendada como alternativa para atenuar tais reduções. Objetivo: investigar o impacto de 24 semanas de TP sobre a composição corporal (CC) de idosas. Métodos: Vinte e duas idosas foram divididas igualmente em grupos de treinamento (GT) e controle (GC). O GT realizou o TP três vezes por semana, e o GC, um programa de alongamento duas vezes por semana. A CC foi avaliada por bioimpedância elétrica. Resultados: Observou-se redução estatisticamente significativa na massa livre de gordura (-3%, P
Resiliência e saúde: uma análise da qualidade de vida em idosos
Authors: Silva Emília Amélia Pinto Costa da , Silva Priscilla Pinto Costa da , Moura Petrucio Venceslau de , Santos Ana Raquel Mendes dos , Dabbicco Penelopy , Azevedo Andrea Maria Pires , Freitas Clara Maria Silvestre Monteiro de
Published: April 2012

Introdução: É necessário que os idosos estejam preparados para enfrentar possíveis desafios e dificuldades, sendo importante a reserva da capacidade de resiliência, para uma melhor adaptação a essa fase da vida. Objetivo: Analisar as características resilientes por meio do perfil emocional de idosos de um grupo de atendimento multidisciplinar. Métodos: Questionários de Caracterização Sociodemográfica; Avaliação de Qualidade de Vida (SF-36) e Estilo de Vida e Envelhecimento Bem-Sucedido. Categorização das respostas através da análise de conteúdo e organização em diagramas, resultando na emergência de macrocategorias. Resultados: Os idosos apresentaram controle diante das emoções, o que propiciou melhor nível de resiliência e melhor qualidade de vida. Conclusão: Quando aprendem a lidar com limitações e obstáculos decorrentes do envelhecimento, os idosos vivenciam uma velhice saudável.
Análise da flexibilidade e resistência muscular em mulheres de diferentes faixas etárias
Authors: Pina Fábio Luiz Cheche , Do Nascimento Matheus Amarante , Januário Renata Selvatici Borges , De Oliveira Arli Ramos , Da Silva Danilo Rodrigues Pereira , Gerage Aline Mendes
Published: April 2012

Objetivo: Analisar a influência da idade cronológica sobre a flexibilidade e a resistência muscular em 761 mulheres, de 15 a 50 anos de idade, não praticantes de exercícios físicos. Métodos: A amostra foi estratificada em cinco grupos etários, a saber: G1 = 15 a 20 anos (n = 174); G2 = 21 a 25 anos (n = 183); G3 = 26 a 30 anos (n = 148); G4 = 31 a 40 anos (n = 150) e G5 = 41 a 50 anos (n = 106). Seguindo procedimentos padronizados, os testes de sentar-e-alcançar e abdominal modificado foram aplicados como indicadores de flexibilidade e de resistência abdominal, respectivamente. Resultados: Observou-se que a resistência muscular (r = -0,332; P
Correlação entre inatividade física, polifarmácia e quedas em idosos*
Authors: Barros Suélem Silva de , Souza Gleicy Fátima Medeiros de , Uchôa Érica Patrícia Borba Lira
Published: April 2012

Introdução: Atualmente, verifica-se que os índices de institucionalização e mortes decorrentes de quedas de idosos têm aumentado, e observa-se que sedentarismo, diminuição da capacidade funcional e polifarmácia constituem relevantes fatores de risco para essa população. Objetivo: Avaliar correlação entre prática de atividade física, utilização de medicamentos e tendência a quedas em idosos. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo analítico transversal em Vitória de Santo Antão (PE), com 60 idosos (30 sedentários e 30 praticantes de atividade física), por meio de entrevista para notificação de informações relativas às características sociodemográficas e clínicas, além de avaliação do desempenho funcional por meio dos testes Timed up and Go (TUGT) e Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Resultados: Revelou-se que os voluntários praticantes de atividade física (p=0,029) e com melhores escores no TUGT (p
Prevalência e fatores associados ao tabagismo entre estudantes universitários
Authors: Sousa Lílian Gomes , Martins Maria do Carmo Carvalho , Andrade Francisco Teixeira , Souza Filho Manoel Dias de , Assis Regina Célia , Santos Thiago Luz , Carvalho Ingrid Lara do N. F. de , Veras André Bastos , Oliveira Giuliano Paz
Published: April 2012

Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência de tabagismo entre estudantes de uma universidade pública e os fatores a ela associados. Métodos: Estudo transversal com amostra probabilística proporcional constituída por 482 estudantes dos diferentes centros de ensino da instituição. Os estudantes responderam a um questionário adaptado do estudo realizado pelo Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas Psicotrópicas, com perguntas dirigidas a fumantes, ex-fumantes e não fumantes. Foram estudadas variáveis sociodemográficas e as características do hábito tabágico. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio do teste de Qui-quadrado. Resultados: A prevalência de tabagismo foi de 6%, com maior proporção de fumantes (p=0,01) do sexo masculino (9,0%). A maioria dos fumantes (74,1%) iniciou o hábito de fumar com mais de 21 anos de idade. Além disso, houve associação entre tabagismo e o consumo de bebida alcoólica. Conclusão: Observou-se reduzida prevalência de tabagismo entre os estudantes. Houve associação entre tabagismo e sexo masculino e consumo de bebidas alcoólicas.
A peptide study of the relationship between the collagen triple‐helix and amyloid
Authors: Parmar Avanish S. , Nunes Ana Monica , Baum Jean , Brodsky Barbara
Published: April 2012

Type XXV collagen, or collagen‐like amyloidogenic component, is a component of amyloid plaques, and recent studies suggest this collagen affects amyloid fibril elongation and has a genetic association with Alzheimer's disease. The relationship between the collagen triple helix and amyloid fibrils was investigated by studying peptide models, including a very stable triple helical peptide (Pro‐Hyp‐Gly)10, an amyloidogenic peptide GNNQQNY, and a hybrid peptide where the GNNQQNY sequence was incorporated between (GPO)n domains. Circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy showed the GNNQQNY peptide formed a random coil structure, whereas the hybrid peptide contained a central disordered GNNQQNY region transitioning to triple‐helical ends. Light scattering confirmed the GNNQQNY peptide had a high propensity to form amyloid fibrils, whereas amyloidogenesis was delayed in the hybrid peptide. NMR data suggested the triple‐helix constraints on the GNNQQNY sequence within the hybrid peptide may disfavor the conformational change necessary for aggregation. Independent addition of a triple‐helical peptide to the GNNQQNY peptide under aggregating conditions delayed nucleation and amyloid fibril growth. The inhibition of amyloid nucleation depended on the Gly‐Xaa‐Yaa sequence and required the triple‐helix conformation. The inhibitory effect of the collagen triple‐helix on an amyloidogenic sequence, when in the same molecule or when added separately, suggests Type XXV collagen, and possibly other collagens, may play a role in regulating amyloid fibril formation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97: 795–806, 2012.
Erosional power in the Swiss Alps: characterization of slope failure in the Illgraben
Authors: Bennett G.L. , Molnar P. , Eisenbeiss H. , McArdell B.W.
Published: April 2012

Landslides and rockfalls are key geomorphic processes in mountain basins. Their quantification and characterization are critical for understanding the processes of slope failure and their contributions to erosion and landscape evolution. We used digital photogrammetry to produce a multi‐temporal record of erosion (1963–2005) of a rock slope at the head of the Illgraben, a very active catchment prone to debris flows in Switzerland. Slope failures affect 70% of the study slope and erode the slope at an average rate of 0.39 ± 0.03 m yr¯¹.

The analysis of individual slope failures yielded an inventory of ~2500 failures ranging over 6 orders of magnitude in volume, despite the small slope area and short study period. The slope failures form a characteristic magnitude–frequency distribution with a rollover and a power‐law tail between ~200 m³ and 1.6 × 106m³ with an exponent of 1.65. Slope failure volume scales with area as a power law with an exponent of 1.1. Both values are low for studies of bedrock landslides and rockfall and result from the highly fractured and weathered state of the quartzitic bedrock.

Our data suggest that the magnitude–frequency distribution is the result of two separate slope failure processes. Type (1) failures are frequent, small slides and slumps within the weathered layer of highly fractured rock and loose sediment, and make up the rollover. Type (2) failures are less frequent and larger rockslides and rockfalls within the internal bedded and fractured slope along pre‐determined potential failure surfaces, and make up the power‐law tail.

Rockslides and rockfalls of high magnitude and relatively low frequency make up 99% of the total failure volume and are thus responsible for the high erosion rate. They are also significant in the context of landscape evolution as they occur on slopes above 45° and limit the relief of the slope. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alterations of the salience network in obesity: A resting‐state fMRI study
Authors: García‐García Isabel , Jurado María Ángeles , Garolera Maite , Segura Bàrbara , Sala‐Llonch Roser , Marqués‐Iturria Idoia , Pueyo Roser , Sender‐Palacios María José , Vernet‐Vernet Maria , Narberhaus Ana , Ariza Mar , Junqué Carme
Published: April 2012

Obesity is a major health problem in modern societies. It has been related to abnormal functional organization of brain networks believed to process homeostatic (internal) and/or salience (external) information. This study used resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis to delineate possible functional changes in brain networks related to obesity. A group of 18 healthy adult participants with obesity were compared with a group of 16 lean participants while performing a resting‐state task, with the data being evaluated by independent component analysis. Participants also completed a neuropsychological assessment. Results showed that the functional connectivity strength of the putamen nucleus in the salience network was increased in the obese group. We speculate that this abnormal activation may contribute to overeating through an imbalance between autonomic processing and reward processing of food stimuli. A correlation was also observed in obesity between activation of the putamen nucleus in the salience network and mental slowness, which is consistent with the notion that basal ganglia circuits modulate rapid processing of information. Hum Brain Mapp 34:2786–2797, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A stable panel comprising 18 urinary proteins in the human healthy population
Authors: He Weifeng , Huang Chibing , Luo Gaoxing , Prà Ilaria Dal , Feng Jiayu , Chen Wei , Ma Li , Wang Ying , Chen Xiwei , Tan Jiangling , Zhang Xiaorong , Armato Ubaldo , Wu Jun
Published: April 2012

Just as biomarkers specific for diseases, biomarkers indicative of healthy conditions are valuable for the early diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of diseases. Our study focused on discovering via proteomics a stable panel of urinary proteins in the human healthy population. Urine samples were collected three times during 4 months from 100 male and 100 female healthy donors and analyzed through four different fractionation techniques (i.e. in‐gel, 2D‐LC, OFFGEL, and mRP) coupled with HPLC‐Chip‐MS/MS. Thus, 1641 urinary proteins were identified with a high confidence, among which 70 exhibiting an intergender/day variation <0.25 were selected and matched with the previously published five largest urinary proteomes to get 56 candidate proteins. Next, a panel comprising 18 intact urinary proteins was constructed by comparing the urinary proteomes via SDS‐PAGE and 2DE. Finally, such 18 urinary proteins were validated via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in eight healthy individuals. Most of these proteins had been related to multiple rather than to single diseases. Therefore, we surmise that this protein set could be used as a biomarker to assess the human health status. Further determinations of the normal fluctuations of the single urinary proteins in this series using samples from large numbers of healthy individuals are required prior to any application in clinical settings.
Deep metaproteomic analysis of human salivary supernatant
Authors: Jagtap Pratik , McGowan Thomas , Bandhakavi Sricharan , Tu Zheng Jin , Seymour Sean , Griffin Timothy J. , Rudney Joel D.
Published: April 2012

The human salivary proteome is extremely complex, including proteins from salivary glands, serum, and oral microbes. Much has been learned about the host component, but little is known about the microbial component. Here we report a metaproteomic analysis of salivary supernatant pooled from six healthy subjects. For deep interrogation of the salivary proteome, we combined protein dynamic range compression (DRC), multidimensional peptide fractionation, and high‐mass accuracy MS/MS with a novel two‐step peptide identification method using a database of human proteins plus those translated from oral microbe genomes. Peptides were identified from 124 microbial species as well as uncultured phylotypes such as TM7. Streptococcus, Rothia, Actinomyces, Prevotella, Neisseria, Veilonella, Lactobacillus, Selenomonas, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, and Campylobacter were abundant among the 65 genera from 12 phyla represented. Taxonomic diversity in our study was broadly consistent with metagenomic studies of saliva. Proteins mapped to 20 KEGG pathways, with carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, translation, membrane transport, and signal transduction most represented. The communities sampled appear to be actively engaged in glycolysis and protein synthesis. This first deep metaproteomic catalog from human salivary supernatant provides a baseline for future studies of shifts in microbial diversity and protein activities potentially associated with oral disease.
Methylation of translation‐associated proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Identification of methylated lysines and their methyltransferases
Authors: Couttas Timothy A. , Raftery Mark J. , Padula Matthew P. , Herbert Ben R. , Wilkins Marc R.
Published: April 2012

This study aimed to identify sites of lysine methylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the associated methyltransferases. Hexapeptide ligand affinity chromatography was used to normalize the abundance levels of proteins in whole cell lysate. MS/MS, in association with antibody‐based detection, was then used to identify lysine methylated proteins and the precise sites of modification. Lysine methylation was found on the proteins elongation factor (EF) 1‐α, 2, and 3A, as well as ribosomal proteins 40S S18‐A/B, 60S L11‐A/B, L18‐A/B, and L42‐A/B. Precise sites were mapped in all cases. Single‐gene knockouts of known and putative methyltransferase(s), in association with MS/MS, showed that EF1‐α is monomethylated by Efm1 at lysin 30 and dimethylated by See1 at lysine 316. Methyltransferase Rkm1 was found to monomethylate 40S ribosomal protein S18‐A/B at lysine 48. Knockout analysis also revealed that putative methyltransferase YBR271W affects the methylation of proteins EF2 and 3A; this was detected by Western blotting and immunodetection. This methyltransferase shows strong interspecies conservation and a tryptophan‐containing motif associated with its active site. We suggest that enzyme YBR271W is named EF methyltransferase 2 (Efm2), in line with the recent naming of YHL039W as Efm1.
Highly sensitive detection of protein phosphorylation by using improved Phos‐tag Biotin
Authors: Kinoshita Eiji , Kinoshita‐Kikuta Emiko , Sugiyama Yasunori , Fukada Yoshitaka , Ozeki Tomomitsu , Koike Tohru
Published: April 2012

We have previously shown that the dinuclear zinc(II) complex Phos‐tag and its derivatives act as phosphate‐capture molecules in aqueous solution under conditions of neutral pH. In this study, our aim was to develop more‐advanced applications for the detection of phosphopeptides and phosphoproteins by using several newly synthesized Phos‐tag derivatives, including a bisbiotinylated Phos‐tag (BTL‐108), a tetrakisbiotinylated Phos‐tag (BTL‐109), and a monobiotinylated Phos‐tag with a dodeca(ethylene glycol) spacer (BTL‐111), as well as the commercially available product BTL‐104. Among these complexes, BTL‐111 showed the best performance in Western blotting by an ECL system using HRP conjugated streptavidin. In addition, in a quartz‐crystal microbalance analysis of a phosphoprotein, the presence of the long hydrophilic dodeca(ethylene glycol) spacer in a novel Phos‐tag sensor chip coated with BTL‐111 resulted in a greater sensitivity than was achieved with a similar chip coated with BTL‐104. Moreover, a peptide microarray technique using the ECL system and BTL‐111 permitted high‐throughput assays for the specific and highly sensitive detection of protein kinase activities in cell lysates.
Polymerization of α‐amino acid N‐carboxyanhydrides catalyzed by rare earth tris(borohydride) complexes: Mechanism and hydroxy‐endcapped polypeptides
Authors: Peng Hui , Ling Jun , Zhu Yinghong , You Lixin , Shen Zhiquan
Published: April 2012

In this work, rare earth tris(borohydride) complexes, Ln(BH4)3(THF)3 (Ln = Sc, Y, La, and Dy), have been used to catalyze the ring‐opening polymerization of γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate N‐carboxyanhydride (BLG NCA). All the catalysts show high activities and the resulting poly(γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate)s (PBLGs) are recovered with high yields (≥90%). The molecular weights (MWs) of PBLG can be controlled by the molar ratios of monomer to catalyst, and the MW distributions (MWDs) are relatively narrow (as low as 1.16) depending on the rare earth metals and reaction temperatures. Block copolypeptides can be easily synthesized by the sequential addition of two monomers. The obtained P(γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate‐b‐ε‐carbobenzoxy‐L‐lysine) [P(BLG‐b‐BLL)] and P(γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate‐b‐alanine) [P(BLG‐b‐ALA)] have been well characterized by NMR, gel permeation chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. A random copolymer P(BLG‐co‐BLL) with a narrow MWD of 1.07 has also been synthesized. The polymerization mechanisms have been investigated in detail. The results show that both nucleophilic attack at the 5‐CO of NCA and deprotonation of 3‐NH of NCA in the initiation process take place simultaneously, resulting in two active centers, that is, an yttrium ALA carbamate derivative [H2BOCH2(CH)NHC(O)OLn] and a N‐yttriumlated ALA NCA. Propagation then proceeds on these centers via both normal monomer insertion and polycondensation. After termination, two kinds of telechelic polypeptide chains, that is, α‐hydroxyl‐ω‐aminotelechelic chains and α‐carboxylic‐ω‐aminotelechelic ones, are formed as characterized by MALDI‐TOF MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 1H–1H COSY, and 1H–13C HMQC measurements. By decreasing the reaction temperature, the normal monomer insertion pathway can be exclusively selected, forming an unprecedented α‐hydroxyl‐ω‐aminotelechelic polypeptide. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Axino cold dark matter revisited
Authors: Choi Ki-Young , Covi Laura , Kim Jihn E. , Roszkowski Leszek
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Axino arises in supersymmetric versions of axion models and is a natural candidate for cold or warm dark matter. Here we revisit axino dark matter produced thermally and non-thermally in light of recent developments. First we discuss the definition of axino relative to low energy axion one for several KSVZ and DFSZ models of the axion. Then we review and refine the computation of the dominant QCD production in order to avoid unphysical cross-sections and, depending on the model, to include production via SU(2) and U(1) interactions and Yukawa couplings.
Do Benzodiazepines Still Deserve a Major Role in The Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders? A Critical Reappraisal
Authors: Dell’osso B. , Lader M.
Published: April 2012

Discovered in the late 1950s by Leo Sternbach, the first benzodiazepine (BZD) chlordiazepoxide was followed by several congeners, which rapidly constituted one of the largest and most widely prescribed classes of psychotropic compounds. After 50 years, BZDs are still routinely utilized not only in psychiatry but, more generally, in the whole of medicine. Despite their high therapeutic index which makes BZDs safer than other compounds like barbiturates, as well as their rapidity of onset, psychiatrists and family physicians are well aware about the controversy that surrounds the wide use – often not adequately based on scientific evidence – of BZDs in many psychiatric disorders. In this overview of international treatment guidelines, systematic reviews and randomized clinical trials, the aim was to provide a critical appraisal of the current use and role of BZDs in psychiatric disorders and their disadvantages, with specific emphasis on anxiety and affective disorders, sleep disorders, alcohol withdrawal, violent and aggressive behaviours in psychoses, and neuroleptic-induced disorders. In addition, specific emphasis has been given to the extent of usage of BZDs and its appropriateness through the assessment of available international surveys. Finally, the entire spectrum of BZD-related adverse effects including psychomotor effects, use in the elderly, paradoxical reactions, tolerance and rebound, teratologic risk, dependence, withdrawal and abuse issues was examined in detail.
LPS‐induced chemokine expression in both MyD88‐dependent and ‐independent manners is regulated by Cot/Tpl2‐ERK axis in macrophages
Authors: Bandow Kenjiro , Kusuyama Joji , Shamoto Mitsuo , Kakimoto Kyoko , Ohnishi Tomokazu , Matsuguchi Tetsuya
Published: April 2012

LPS signaling is mediated through MyD88‐dependent and ‐independent pathways, activating NF‐κB, MAP kinases and IRF3. Cot/Tpl2 is an essential upstream kinase in LPS‐mediated activation of ERKs. Here we explore the roles of MyD88 and Cot/Tpl2 in LPS‐induced chemokine expression by studying myd88
−/− and cot/tpl2
−/− macrophages. Among the nine LPS‐responsive chemokines examined, mRNA induction of ccl5, cxcl10, and cxcl13 is mediated through the MyD88‐independent pathway. Notably, Cot/Tpl2‐ERK signaling axis exerts negative effects on the expression of these three chemokines. In contrast, LPS‐induced gene expression of ccl2, ccl7, cxcl2, cxcl3, ccl8, and cxcl9 is mediated in the MyD88‐dependent manner. The Cot/Tpl2‐ERK axis promotes the expression of the first four and inhibits the expression of the latter two. Thus, LPS induces expression of multiple chemokines through various signaling pathways in macrophages.
The application of modular protein domains in proteomics
Authors: Jadwin Joshua A. , Ogiue-Ikeda Mari , Machida Kazuya
Published: April 2012

The ability of modular protein domains to independently fold and bind short peptide ligands both in vivo and in vitro has allowed a significant number of protein–protein interaction studies to take advantage of them as affinity and detection reagents. Here, we refer to modular domain based proteomics as “domainomics” to draw attention to the potential of using domains and their motifs as tools in proteomics. In this review we describe core concepts of domainomics, established and emerging technologies, and recent studies by functional category. Accumulation of domain–motif binding data should ultimately provide the foundation for domain‐specific interactomes, which will likely reveal the underlying substructure of protein networks as well as the selectivity and plasticity of signal transduction.
Active site phosphoryl groups in the biphosphorylated phosphotransferase complex reveal dynamics in a millisecond time scale
Authors: Yu Tae-Kyung , Yun Young-Joo , Lee Ko On , Ahn Kyung Jun , Suh Jeong-Yong
Published: April 2012

EIN
and
HPr
bind by nuclear magnetic resonance (View Interaction).
Synthetic Biology of secondary metabolite biosynthesis in actinomycetes: Engineering precursor supply as a way to optimize antibiotic production
Authors: Wohlleben Wolfgang , Mast Yvonne , Muth Günther , Röttgen Marlene , Stegmann Evi , Weber Tilmann
Published: April 2012

The supply of precursors, which are subsequently incorporated into the final product, is often already organized in a modular manner in nature and may directly be exploited for Synthetic Biology. Here we report examples for the synthesis of building blocks and possibilities to modify and optimize antibiotic biosynthesis, exemplary for the synthesis of the manipulation of the synthesis of the glycopeptide antibiotic balhimycin.
The problem of genesis of gold and silver sulfides and selenides in the Kupol deposit (Chukotka, Russia)
Authors: Savva N.E. , Pal’yanova G.A. , Byankin M.A.
Published: April 2012

Gold and silver minerals from the Kupol epithermal deposit, Chukotka, were studied. A schematic sequence of mineral formation has been compiled. Specific mineral assemblages have been revealed in jarosite breccias: with native gold, uytenbogaardtite, fischesserite, acanthite, and native sulfur. We considered a possible mechanism of formation of gold and silver sulfides and selenides in volcanogenic deposits: They might have formed during solfatara and postsolfatara processes with the participation of volcanic gases or their condensates and sublimates as well as liquid sulfur (and selenium) and sulfuric hydrotherms produced under the interaction of volcanic gases with meteoric waters. The specific features of the Kupol deposit confirm the solfatara genesis of Au–Ag sulfides and selenides.
Stoneley waves in the Biot–Johnson and continuum filtration theories
Authors: Dorovsky V.N. , Perepechko Yu.V. , Fedorov A.I.
Published: April 2012

The paper concerns with mathematical modeling of two-velocity media with reference to data on Stoneley wave propagation at the fluid-porous solid interface from experiments by K.W. Winkler, H.L. Liu, and D.J. Johnson. Models obtained within the limits of two theories, that of Biot (Biot–Johnson) and continuum filtration, are investigated in comparison. On this basis, it is discussed whether it is reasonable to include pore tortuosity and frequency-dependent permeability and tortuosity when modeling the mechanics of deforming fluid-saturated porous solids.
Fähigkeits- und Interessenprofile am Ende der Sekundarstufe I: Struktur, Spezifikation und der Zusammenhang mit Gymnasialzweigwahlen
Authors: Nagy Gabriel , Trautwein Ulrich , Maaz Kai
Published: April 2012

Zusammenfassung:Diese Arbeit untersucht die Rolle von Fähigkeits- und beruflichen Interessenprofilen beim Übergang von der Realschule in die gymnasiale Oberstufe an allgemeinbildenden und beruflichen Gymnasien. Ausgehend vom Radexmodell kognitiver und akademischer Fähigkeiten von Guttman (1954) und vom Circumplexmodell beruflicher Interessen von Holland (1997) wurden Profilmodelle entwickelt, die individuelle Unterschiede in intraindividuellen Profilen erfassen. Die Ergebnisse unterstützen die Validität der vorgeschlagenen Profilmodellierung. Insbesondere zeigt sich, dass (1) Testleistungs-, Noten- und Interessenprofile mit allen Übergangsoptionen assoziiert sind, dass (2) die Entscheidungen für die unterschiedlichen Gymnasialzweige in bedeutungsvoller Weise mit den individuellen Profilparametern zusammenhängen und dass (3) der Großteil der Kriteriumsassoziationen der Interessen und Fähigkeiten auf die individuellen Profilparameter zurückgeführt werden können.
Computerunterstützte Leseverständnisförderung: Die Effekte automatisch generierter Rückmeldungen
Authors: Lenhard Wolfgang , Baier Herbert , Endlich Darius , Lenhard Alexandra , Schneider Wolfgang , Hoffmann Joachim
Published: April 2012

Zusammenfassung:In einer Gruppe von N = 210 Hauptschülerinnen und -schülern der 6. Klasse verglichen wir die Effekte der computerunterstützten Leseverständnisförderung conText mit einer etablierten Leseverständnisintervention («Wir werden Lesedetektive») und einer unbehandelten Kontrollgruppe im Laufe eines Schuljahres. conText ist ein intelligentes tutorielles System, das die Qualität von Textzusammenfassungen mithilfe von Verfahren aus dem Bereich der automatischen Sprachverarbeitung bewertet und an die Schüler zurückmeldet. Im Vergleich zu einer unbehandelten Kontrollgruppe verbesserten beide Interventionen das Lesestrategiewissen, jedoch erwies sich nur conText im Hinblick auf die Verbesserung des Leseverständnisses als erfolgreich. Die Ergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf die Rahmenbedingungen von Leseverständnisinterventionen diskutiert.
Investigating inertial confinement fusion target fuel conditions through x-ray spectroscopy
Authors: Hansen Stephanie B.
Published: April 2012

Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets are designed to produce hot, dense fuel in a neutron-producing core that is surrounded by a shell of compressing material. The x-rays emitted from ICF plasmas can be analyzed to reveal details of the temperatures, densities, gradients, velocities, and mix characteristics of ICF targets. Such diagnostics are critical to understand the target performance and to improve the predictive power of simulation codes.
Diffusion in a collisional standard map
Authors: Rack M. , Spatschek K. H. , Wingen A.
Published: April 2012

Test particle evaluation of the diffusion coefficient in the presence of magnetic field fluctuations and binary collisions is presented. Chaotic magnetic field lines originate from resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs). To lowest order, charged particles follow magnetic field lines. Drifts and interaction (collisions) with other particles decorrelate particles from the magnetic field lines. We model the binary collision process by a constant collision frequency. The magnetic field configuration including perturbations on the integrable Hamiltonian part is such that the single particle motion can be followed by a collisional version of a Chirikov-Taylor (standard) map. Frequent collisions are allowed for. Scaling of the diffusion beyond the quasilinear and subdiffusive behaviour is investigated in dependence on the strength of the magnetic perturbations and the collision frequency. The appearance of the so called Rechester-Rosenbluth regime is verified. It is further shown that the so called Kadomtsev-Pogutse diffusion coefficient is the strong collisional limit of the Rechester-Rosenbluth formula. The theoretical estimates are supplemented by numerical simulations.
TiO2 as an electrostatic template for epitaxial growth of EuO on MgO(001) by reactive molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Swartz Adrian G. , Wong Jared J. I. , Pinchuk Igor V. , Kawakami Roland K.
Published: April 2012

We investigate the initial growth modes and the role of interfacial electrostatic interactions of EuO epitaxy on MgO(001) by reactive molecular beam epitaxy. A TiO2 interfacial layer is employed to produce high quality epitaxial growth of EuO on MgO(001) with a 45° in plane rotation. For comparison, direct deposition of EuO on MgO, without the TiO2 layer shows a much slower time evolution in producing a single crystal film. Conceptual arguments of electrostatic repulsion of like-ions are introduced to explain the increased EuO quality at the interface with the TiO2 layer. It is shown that ultrathin EuO films in the monolayer regime can be produced on the TiO2 surface by substrate-supplied oxidation and that such films have bulk Curie temperatures.
Impact of heart failure and changes to volume status on liver stiffness: non‐invasive assessment using transient elastography
Authors: Hopper Ingrid , Kemp William , Porapakkham Pornwalee , Sata Yusuke , Condon Eilis , Skiba Marina , Farber Lauren , Porapakkham Pramote , Williams Trevor J. , Menahem Solomon , Roberts Stuart , Krum Henry
Published: April 2012

Aim

The impact of cardiac dysfunction on the liver is known as cardiac hepatopathy. In certain instances this can result in significant hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis. The validity of non‐invasive tools to assess hepatic fibrosis, such as FibroScan® which measures liver stiffness (LSM), has not been established in this setting. We examined the impact of cardiac dysfunction on LSM using FibroScan® and the influence of volume changes on LSM.

Methods and results

A prospective, cross‐sectional study examined the use of FibroScan® in subjects with left‐sided heart failure (LHF, n = 32), right‐sided heart failure (RHF, n = 9), and acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF, n = 8). The impact of volume changes upon LSM was further examined in the ADHF group (pre‐ and post‐diuresis) and in a haemodialysis group (HD, n = 12), pre‐ and post‐ultrafiltration on dialysis. Compared with healthy controls [n = 55, LSM = median 4.4 (25th percentile 3.6, 75th percentile 5.1) kPa], LSM was increased in all the cardiac dysfunction subgroups [LHF, 4.7 (4.0, 8.7) kPa, P = 0.04; RHF, 9.7 (5.0, 10.8) kPa, P < 0.001; ADHF, 11.2 (6.7, 14.3) kPa, P < 0.001]. Alteration in volume status via diuresis did not change the baseline LSM in ADHF [11.2 (6.7, 14.3) to 9.5 (7.3, 21.6) kPa, P > 0.05] with mean diuresis 5051 ± 1585 mL, or ultrafiltration in HD [6.0 (3.6, 5.1) vs. 5.7 (4.8, 7.0) kPa, P > 0.05] with mean diuresis 1962 ± 233 mL.

Conclusion

Our findings support the concept of increased LSM in the cardiac failure population. LSM was not altered to a statistically significant level with acute volume changes.
Overview of the status of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the North Atlantic and trends in marine mortality
Authors: Chaput Gérald
Published: April 2012

Chaput, G. 2012. Overview of the status of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the North Atlantic and trends in marine mortality. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1538–1548. Since the early 1980s, the ICES Working Group on North Atlantic Salmon has collated and interpreted catch data, exchanged information on research initiatives, and provided advice to managers in support of conservation efforts for Atlantic salmon. During the past three decades, the annual production of anadromous Atlantic salmon from more than 2000 rivers draining into the North Atlantic has been less than 10 million adult-sized salmon. This represents a minor component, by number and biomass, of the pelagic ecosystem in the North Atlantic Ocean. Ideally, Atlantic salmon would be assessed and managed based on river-specific stock units, the scale that best corresponds to the spawner to recruitment dynamic. In reality, comparatively few river-specific assessments are available for either the Northwest or the Northeast Atlantic. The marine survival of Atlantic salmon is low and, based on return rates of smolts to adults from monitored rivers, has declined since the mid- to late 1980s. Abundance has declined more severely for the multi-sea-winter components, and especially in the southern areas of the species' range. Common patterns in abundance, inferred at the level of stock complex in the North Atlantic, suggest that broad-scale factors are affecting productivity and abundance and that they are acting throughout the salmon's time at sea.
Arthritogenic T cells drive the recovery of autoantibody-producing B cell homeostasis and the adoptive transfer of arthritis in SCID mice
Authors: Kis-Toth Katalin , Radacs Marianna , Olasz Katalin , van Eden Willem , Mikecz Katalin , Glant Tibor T.
Published: April 2012

T cells orchestrate joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but B cells/B cell-derived factors are also involved in disease pathogenesis. The goal of this study was to understand the role of antigen-specific T and B cells in the pathological events of arthritis, which is impossible to study in humans due to the small number of antigen-specific cells. To determine the significance of antigen-specific lymphocytes and antibodies in the development of an autoimmune mouse model of RA, we generated TCR transgenic (TCR-Tg) mice specific for the dominant arthritogenic epitope of cartilage proteoglycan (PG) and performed a series of combined transfers of T cells, B cells and autoantibodies into BALB/c. Scid mice. The adoptive transfer of highly purified T cells from naive TCR-Tg, arthritic TCR-Tg or arthritic wild-type mice induced arthritis in SCID recipients, but the onset and severity of the disease were dependent on the sequential events of the T cell-supported reconstitution of PG-specific B cells and autoantibodies. The presence of activated PG-specific T cells was critical for disease induction, establishing a unique milieu for the selective homeostasis of autoantibody-producing B cells. In this permissive environment, anti-PG autoantibodies bound to cartilage and induced activation of the complement cascade, leading to irreversible cartilage destruction in affected joints. These findings may lead to a better understanding of the complex molecular and cellular mechanisms of RA.
Brevibacterium yomogidense sp. nov., isolated from a soil conditioner made from poultry manure
Authors: Tonouchi Akio , Kitamura Koji , Fujita Takashi
Published: April 2012

A novel Gram-stain-positive rod-shaped actinobacterium was isolated from a soil conditioner made from poultry manure. The isolate, designated strain MN-6-aT, contained anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and MK-7(H2) and MK-8(H2) as the major menaquinones. Phosphatidylglycerol was a major polar lipid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67.4 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain MN-6-aT was closely related to

Brevibacterium salitolerans

TRM 415T with 97.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. DNA–DNA hybridization showed that strain MN-6-aT had 10.2 % genomic relatedness with

B. salitolerans

TRM 415T. On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data obtained in this study, strain MN-6-aT represents a novel species of the genus

Brevibacterium

, for which the name Brevibacterium yomogidense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MN-6-aT ( = JCM 17779T = DSM 24850T).
Micromonospora maritima sp. nov., isolated from mangrove soil
Authors: Songsumanus Apakorn , Tanasupawat Somboon , Igarashi Yasuhiro , Kudo Takuji
Published: April 2012

Strain D10-9-5T was isolated from mangrove soil in Samut Sakhon province, Thailand. A polyphasic approach was used to determine the taxonomic position of the strain. The strain presented single rough spores on substrate mycelium and no aerial mycelium. Chemotaxonomic data supported the assignment of strain D10-9-5T to the genus

Micromonospora

based on the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid and glycolyl muramic acid in the peptidoglycan, ribose, mannose, galactose, xylose and glucose as whole-cell sugars, MK-10(H4) (14.8 %), MK-10(H6) (46.7 %) and MK-10(H8) (27.5 %) as the predominant isoprenoid quinones, iso-C15 : 0 (17.9 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (14.6 %), iso-C17 : 0 (9.6 %), C17 : 0 (8.0 %), iso-C16 : 0 (7.7 %) and C17 : 1ω8c (7.0 %) as the major cellular fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and phosphatidylethanolamine as the predominant phospholipids in the cell wall. The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that strain D10-9-5 was closely related to

Micromonospora marina

JCM 12870T (99.6 %),

Micromonospora coxensis

JCM 13248 T (99.4 %),

Micromonospora aurantiaca

JCM 10878T (99.3 %),

Micromonospora humi

JCM15292T (99.3 %), Micromonospora halophytica JCM 3125T (99.1%) and

Micromonospora chalcea

JCM 3031T (99.1 %). Strain D10-9-5T could be clearly distinguished from related members of the genus

Micromonospora

by its physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as its phylogenetic position and level of DNA–DNA relatedness. Therefore, the strain represents a novel species for which the name Micromonospora maritima sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is D10-9-5T ( = JCM 17013T = NBRC 108767T = PCU 322T = TISTR 2000T).
‘Candidatus Phytoplasma malaysianum’, a novel taxon associated with virescence and phyllody of Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus)
Authors: Nejat Naghmeh , Vadamalai Ganesan , Davis Robert E. , Harrison Nigel A. , Sijam Kamaruzaman , Dickinson Matthew , Abdullah Siti Nor Akmar , Zhao Yan
Published: April 2012

This study addressed the taxonomic position and group classification of a phytoplasma responsible for virescence and phyllody symptoms in naturally diseased Madagascar periwinkle plants in western Malaysia. Unique regions in the 16S rRNA gene from the Malaysian periwinkle virescence (MaPV) phytoplasma distinguished the phytoplasma from all previously described ‘

Candidatus

Phytoplasma
’ species. Pairwise sequence similarity scores, calculated through alignment of full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that the MaPV phytoplasma 16S rRNA gene shared 96.5 % or less sequence similarity with that of previously described ‘

Ca.

Phytoplasma
’ species, justifying the recognition of the MaPV phytoplasma as a reference strain of a novel taxon, ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma malaysianum’. The 16S rRNA gene F2nR2 fragment from the MaPV phytoplasma exhibited a distinct restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) profile and the pattern similarity coefficient values were lower than 0.85 with representative phytoplasmas classified in any of the 31 previously delineated 16Sr groups; therefore, the MaPV phytoplasma was designated a member of a new 16Sr group, 16SrXXXII. Phytoplasmas affiliated with this novel taxon and the new group included diverse strains infecting periwinkle, coconut palm and oil palm in Malaysia. Three phytoplasmas were characterized as representatives of three distinct subgroups, 16SrXXXII-A, 16SrXXXII-B and 16SrXXXII-C, respectively.
A review of theoretical models of health information seeking on the web
Authors: Marton Christine , Wei Choo Chun
Published: April 2012

Purpose

By selectively reviewing theory‐driven survey studies on internet health information seeking, the paper aims to provide an informal assessment of the theoretical foundations and research methods that have been used to study this information behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

After a review of the literature, four theory‐driven quantitative survey studies are analyzed in detail. Each study is examined in terms of: theoretical framework; research variables that form the focus of the study; research design (sampling, data collection and analysis); and findings and results of hypothesis testing and model testing. The authors then discuss the theoretical models and analytical methods adopted, and identify suggestions that could be helpful to future researchers.

Findings

Taken as a whole, the studies reviewed point strongly to the need for multidisciplinary frameworks that can capture the complexity of online health information behavior. The studies developed theoretical frameworks by drawing from many sources – theory of planned behavior, technology acceptance model, uses and gratifications, health belief model, and information seeking models – demonstrating that an integration of theoretical perspectives from the health sciences, social psychology, communication research, and information science, is required to fully understand this behavior. The results of these studies suggest that the conceptual models and analytical methods they adopted are viable and promising. Many relationships tested showed large effect sizes, and the models evaluated were able to account for between 23 and 50 percent of the variance in the dependent variables.

Originality/value

The paper represents a first attempt to compare, evaluate, and to a degree synthesize the work that has been done to develop and test theoretical models of health information seeking on the web.
Exploring a framework for comprehensive and successful preservation management in libraries
Authors: Krtalić Maja , Hasenay Damir
Published: April 2012

Purpose

This paper aims to explore a theoretical and methodological approach to preservation management in libraries, relying on the basic presumption that preservation is a complex and comprehensive process that involves many different and seemingly diverse aspects whose efficiency lies in preservation management.

Design/methodology approach

Using a case study of Croatia, the paper describes a methodology for exploring the general preservation management context and presents a preservation management model that comprises five key components.

Findings

The paper offers insight into preservation management issues in a specific national context.

Research limitations/implications

Although this paper focuses primarily on written heritage in libraries, it is applicable to other types of heritage and to other types of information institutions.

Practical implications

The theoretical and methodological approach presented in this paper and described in the example of Croatia can be useful for exploring similar issues in other countries. It can be expanded to other types and forms of heritage and heritage institutions.

Originality/value

The paper describes a model of organising preservation activities into an efficient and successful preservation system, and establishes a methodology for exploring diverse preservation issues on national and institutional levels.
Semantic storyboard of judicial debates: a novel multimedia summarization environment
Authors: Fersini E. , Sartori F.
Published: April 2012

Purpose

The need of tools for content analysis, information extraction and retrieval of multimedia objects in their native form is strongly emphasized into the judicial domain: digital videos represent a fundamental informative source of events occurring during judicial proceedings that should be stored, organized and retrieved in short time and with low cost. This paper seeks to address these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

In this context the JUMAS system, stem from the homonymous European Project (www.jumasproject.eu), takes up the challenge of exploiting semantics and machine learning techniques towards a better usability of multimedia judicial folders.

Findings

In this paper one of the most challenging issues addressed by the JUMAS project is described: extracting meaningful abstracts of given judicial debates in order to efficiently access salient contents. In particular, the authors present an ontology enhanced multimedia summarization environment able to derive a synthetic representation of judicial media contents by a limited loss of meaningful information while overcoming the information overload problem.

Originality/value

The adoption of ontology‐based query expansion has made it possible to improve the performance of multimedia summarization algorithms with respect to the traditional approaches based on statistics. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been evaluated on real media contents, highlighting a good potential for extracting key events in the challenging area of judicial proceedings.