bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’agglutinance dans les langues finno-ougriennes: déconstruction par modélisation PFM
Authors: Léonard Jean Léo
Published: May 2022

Les langues finno-ougriennes sont souvent citées comme parangon de langues «agglutinantes», alors que, dans le détail de leur diversité et de leur variation dialectale, il n’en est rien. C’est une tradition de pensée tantôt positiviste, idéaliste, évolutionniste et réductionniste qui a imposé cette vue, qu’on prend souvent pour argent comptant, à l’aune des variétés littéraires de langues comme le finnois ou le hongrois. On fait plus rarement référence à des langues comme l’estonien, le live ou le vote, langues fenniques méridionales dont la morphologie a muté de manière massive pour se nicher désormais en grande partie dans leur (morpho)phonologie. Dans le présent article, les prémisses qui définissent l’agglutinance sont passées au crible d’une épistémologie critique, sur le plan empirique: transparence, univocité, concaténativité, etc. Nous appliquons ensuite une modélisation inférentialiste (Paradigm Function Morphology) aux classes flexionnelles de langues fenniques, comme le finnois, envisagé dans sa variation dialectale, l’estonien, le live et le vote. Nous montrons que ces langues et/ou variétés répondent davantage à une logique de grammaire inférentielle qu’au mécanicisme univoque de l’agglutinance. Au terme de ce survol empirique, nous aboutissons à la conclusion que l’agglutinance gagne à être déconstruite à la lumière des faits et des modèles de la grammaire générative. Celle-ci offre un dispositif d’analyse des fonctions paradigmatiques qui permet de transcender les projections aprioristiques (positivistes, idéalistes, romantiques) sur les grammaires des langues. Dans une telle approche, seuls les concepts d’incrémentialité et d’inférentialité s’avèrent heuristiques, et permettent d’amplifier l’horizon de découverte des systèmes et des structures linguistiques in vivo.
Enfer ou paradis? Le discours axiologique sur la supériorité ou l’infériorité de la structure agglutinante
Authors: Sériot Patrick
Published: May 2022

On rappellera d’abord la place de la structure agglutinante dans les spéculations historico-typologiques des premiers grammairiens romantiques, dans un second temps, on essaiera de comprendre le paradoxe de N. Troubetzkoy, qui se fait le défenseur de la structure agglutinante des langues «touraniennes», leur conférant un idéal de régularité. Le troisième paradoxe est que les «espérantistes prolétariens», si méprisés par les eurasistes, avaient le même idéal d’agglutination. On tentera de proposer une synthèse de ces diverses approches de l’agglutination pour voir si, par-delà les apparentes oppositions, on peut mettre au jour un ensemble de présupposés communs sur la typologie.
The reception of European typological language classification among the Turkish language reformers of 1932-1936
Authors: Tetik Ayşe
Published: May 2022

The fact that the Turkish language was classified as an agglutinative language bythe traditional European linguistics was accepted, but also challenged by the Turkish language reformers of the 1930s. The underlying reason was that most classifications of the language families were influenced by harsh judgments about the cultural and intellectual level of its speakers as well as on the capability of those languages. Interestingly, the Turks did not question this kind of prejudices towards non-Indo-European languages and their speakers, but they tried to solve this “problem” at alinguistical-theoretical level. There were diverse attempts to deal with this issue, especially between 1932 and 1936.
Nitrile, Imine and Amide Reduction Using Tropylium Catalyst
Authors: Doan Son Hoai , Nguyen Thanh Vinh
Published: May 2022

We report a new method for the hydroboration reactions of nitriles, imines and amides.
Development of a novel PKC ligand using machine learning model: synthesis and PKC surrogate binding of the simplified analogues of alotaketals
Authors: Maki Jumpei , Oshimura Asami , Tsukano Chihiro , Yanagita Ryo , Saito Yutaka , Sakakibara Yasubumi , Irie Kazuhiro
Published: May 2022

We have designed and synthesized a new PKC ligand with a novel skeleton based on alotaketals through in silico screening, docking analysis, and molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the new ligand has a higher affinity for PKCα-C1A than for PKCδ-C1B. This compound is expected to serve as the basis for developing PKC ligands with isozyme selectivity.
Method of Macroscopic Dissection for Determining the Fetal Anatomical Variability of the Axillary Region Structures
Authors:   Bukovinian State Medical University, Human Anatomy Department. 36, Ruska St., apt. 7, Chernivtsi 58003, Ukraine, Leka M. Yu.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the study was to determine a more sophisticated method of the most rational sequence of actions of dissection of the fascia, muscles, vessels and nerves of the axillary cavity in human fetuses in order to obtain standard results suitable for comparison in the age aspect. Materials and methods. The study of fetal anatomy of the structures of the axillary area was performed on 25 preparations of 4-10-month human fetuses of 81.0-375.0 mm parietal-coccygeal length using macromicroscopic dissection. Results and discussion. The axillary area is characterized by age and individual anatomical variability of the muscles that form its walls, fascia and cellular spaces, as well as vascular and nervous formations that pass in it, which is a common cause of complications during surgery. To study the fetal anatomical variability of the components of the axillary area, the algorithm of anatomical dissection of fascia, muscles, lymph nodes, blood vessels and nerves of the axilla in the human fetus is of priority importance. Adherence to the sequence of actions during the anatomical dissection of the components of the axillary area provides not only high representativeness and scientific value of the results, but also the rational use of biological material. The delta-thoracic sulcus fossa and the beak-shoulder muscle can be used to determine the topography and projection of the vascular nerve trunks of the axillary area. The obtained data on the variant anatomy of the pectoralis major and anterior dentary muscles, as well as the widest back muscle are consistent with the studies of individual authors. The study of the structure and topography of fascia, muscles, lymph nodes, nerves, arteries and veins of the axillary fossa in human fetuses from a macroscopic point of view in modern anatomy remains relevant and promising because micro- and ultramicroscopic anatomy does not provide a comprehensive answer and does not fully reveal the versatility of fetal anatomical variability, in the study of which the algorithm of anatomical dissection of the constituent formations of the axillary area becomes a priority. Conclusion. The projected and tested method of dissection of fascial-muscular and vascular-nervous formations of the axillary area in human fetuses provides a standard for obtaining data on their typical, individual and age anatomical variability. The order of actions used during the dissection of the muscles that form the walls of the axilla, fascial-cellular formations, vessels and nerves, as well as axillary lymph nodes in human fetuses preserves the naturalness of the appearance and relationships between the structures of the object of study. Macromicroscopic preparation revealed fetal anatomical variability of muscles, arterial and venous vessels and axillary nerves
Anatomy of the Greater Omentum in Elderly People
Authors:   Poltava State Medical University, Human Anatomy Department. 23, Shevchenko St., Poltava 36011, Ukraine, Fedorchenko I. L. , Stepanchuk A. P.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the study was to investigate the external structure, topographic and morphometric variability of the arteries of the greater omenta in elderly women and men in normal cases. Materials and methods. The greater omenta of elderly women and men were examined using anatomical preparation, somatoscopic and morphometric methods. Greater omenta were examined on 20 corpses of elderly people. The deceased had no pathology in the abdominal cavity. Based on the value of the body mass index, the body type of people was determined. Results and discussion. The greater omentum is supplied by the right and left gastroepiploic arteries. These arteries form the superior arterial arch in 15 of 18 cases, and in 3 cases the arch was absent. The inferior arterial arch was evident in 1 of 20 cases. The left gastroepiploic artery in 2 of 20 cases was absent on the anterior plate of the greater omentum and was detected in the thickness of the posterior plate of the greater omentum. From the right gastroepiploic artery central, right medial, right intermediate and right lateral arteries depart. In two out of 20 cases, the left accessory artery departed from the right gastroepiploic artery, which was located in the left half of the greater omentum. The central artery of the greater omentum has a greater length and outer diameter in men. The branches of the right gastroepiploic artery supply the right half of the greater omentum and reach the lower edge of its free part. The left gastroepiploic artery branches into the left medial, left intermediate and left lateral arteries, which branch in the thickness of the left half of the omentum, supplying it without reaching the lower edge of its free part. In 45% quadrangular, 15% – triangular and 40% – irregular shape of the greater omentum with two or more lobes were revealed. The zone of the central, and in its absence, the right medial and left medial arteries of the greater omentum is most convenient for excision of the flap for transplantation with quadrangular and triangular forms of the greater omentum in the elderly. Conclusion. In elderly people, the shape of the greater omentum does not depend on their body type. The quadrangular omenta have the largest area, the smaller triangular and irregular ones. The presence of adipose tissue in the greater omentum depends on body weight. It is advisable to perform laparoscopy before omentoplasty in a patient with excessive body weight. With age, the appearance of the greater omentum changes due to the presence of adipose tissue. We have identified the following forms of the greater omentum, depending on the presence of the severity of adipose tissue: it was transparent, like fine lace; large omentum with excessively developed adipose tissue covering the omentum with a continuous layer
Morphological Manifestations of COVID-19-Associated Pneumonia
Authors:   Poltava State Medical University, Department of Pathological Anatomy with Autopsy Course . 23, Shevchenka Str., Poltava 36011, Ukraine, Fylenko B. M. , Babenko V. I. , Royko N. V. , Starchenko I. I. , Proskurnya S. A. , Byelyayeva A. O.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of study was to study the pathomorphological changes of COVID-19-associated pneumonia in its severe course on the basis of autopsies with substantiation of pathogenetic links of clinical and morphological manifestations. Materials and methods. The study of changes of COVID-19-associated pneumonia in its severe course was performed on the basis of autopsies of 16 deceased individuals using macroscopic and microscopic methods. All patients had chronic diseases during their lifetime, which contributed to the severe course of COVID-19. Results and discussion. The severe course of COVID-19 is manifested by conventional morphological signs of acute respiratory distress syndrome and vascular wall lesions with the development of hypercoagulable syndrome. Autopsy revealed characteristic macroscopic changes in the lungs that distinguish this disease from other infectious diseases of the respiratory system. Microscopically, changes were observed in the lung tissue, which corresponded to the proliferative phase of diffuse alveolar damage, which is a morphological sign of clinical manifestations of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Deposits of homogeneous eosinophilic masses were found in the lumens of the alveoli, which unevenly covered the walls of the respiratory parts. Hyperplasia and metaplasia of type II alveolocytes was characteristic morphological feature of COVID-19-associated pneumonia. Sporadic altered hyperchromic pneumocytes were detected, often with the formation of symplasts associated with the cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2. The development of acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19-associated pneumonia is based on the mechanism involved in the release of SARS-CoV2 from affected type II pneumocytes, leading to their destruction. As a result, specific inflammatory mediators are released, which stimulate macrophages that synthesize biologically active substances, increasing the permeability of capillaries and leading to the accumulation of exudate in the alveoli. Destruction of type II pneumocytes also reduces surfactant production, causing alveolar collapse, impaired gas exchange, and refractory hypoxemia. Pulmonary vascular endotheliitis with widespread thrombosis is also the prominent sign of acute respiratory distress syndrome in severe COVID-19-associated pneumonia. Conclusion. Pathomorphological studies indicate that the direct effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the epithelium of the respiratory tract and alveoli leads not only to its damage, but also trigger a cascade of reactions that cause the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome
“DESIGNING” THE SOVIET POLITICAL PAST IN THE AUTHORITATIVE DISCOURSE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Avdonin Vladimir S.
Published: May 2022

The article considers the changes in the discourse of the Russian authorities about the Soviet political past over the past three decades. The specificity of this discourse is highlighted in relation to three periods – the 1990s, 2000s, 2010s, which are also conditionally personified as “Yeltsin’s”, “Putin’s 1 and Medvedev’s” and “Putin’s 2” decades. At the same time, the discourse itself is viewed as a means of legitimizing the political regime of the corresponding period. In the “Yeltsin’s” period, the intense negative characteristics of the So- viet past serve to legitimize the reformist regime aimed at moving away from the Soviet model and focusing on other principles (economic and political freedoms, the rule of law, cooperation with the West). In the next decade, the “Soviet” is no longer unambiguously negatively interpreted by the authorities and is pushed into the area of historical narrative, where they are trying to find a place for it in the legitimizing discourse about “our great past”. A feature of that historical narrative is its “collage” (superficial and arbitrary “gluing” of heterogeneous frag- ments of the past). Since the beginning of the 2010s (during the third and fourth presidential terms of Putin), the authoritative discourse about the Soviet past serves to legitimize the authoritarian tendencies of the political regime. It stig- matizes the ideological character of the Soviet system, and contrasts “ideology” with “national identity,” which, among other things, is attributed to the proper- ties of state loyalism. In current politics, it opens the way for the reproduction of Soviet ideological practices, discursively recoded in the spirit of “state identity”.
JAPANESE GUESTS AND EUROPEAN INQUIRERS: CULTURAL BARRIERS OR FLAWED HERMENEUTICS?
Authors: Tupan Maria-Ana
Published: May 2022

Martin Heidegger’s Dialogie on Language between himself and a Japanese who visited him at his home in Freiburg in March 1954 is the best known but not a singular event of this kind in the last century, either in respect to the topic (the opposition between the East and the West) or setting. The three cases we are referring to in this paper are all communications of the Platonic kind, that is, sites of debate on cultural differences. Generally perceived as statements in the unsurpassable distinctions of mental make-up mapped onto geographical frontiers, these European-Japanese encounters seem, at a closer look, to convey quite the opposite meaning encrypted, however, at a deeper, subconscious level of a false consciousenss nourished by fashionable ideas of the moment.
Formulation of Letters in Geometric Structure
Authors: YEŞİLYURT Nilüfer
Published: May 2022

Harfler, konuşma dilindeki sesleri betimleyen soyut formlardır. Bu soyut formlar; görsel ve uygulamalı sanatlardan, toplumsal değişimlerden, endüstriyel ve teknolojik gelişmelerden etkilenmiş ve dönemin gereksinimlerine cevap veren
bir uyumla değişimlere uğramışlardır. Harflerde tarihi süreçler, her harfin kendisi için yeni formlar bulmaya çalıştığı bir gelişim sürecini ifade eder. Yeni olan her süreç, temel ilkelerini belirleyen mekanik bir üretim süreci
olmuş ve aynı zamanda daha önce var olan harf formları ile etkileşime girerek, yeni çeşitlemelerini geliştirmiştir. Bu tarihsel ilerlemeler boyunca büyük harf yapıları antik Roma yazıtları ile başlayan klasik orantısal sistemden,
modern orantısal sisteme doğru evrilmiştir. “Klasik orantısal sistem” antik kökenlidir; geometrik kare ve karenin bölümleri ile yapılandırılmıştır. Harflerin genişlikleri numerik olarak eşit ve birbirine yakındır. “Modern orantısal
sistem” harflerin genişliklerini etkileyen dikdörtgen ve elips geometrik formlar içerisinde yapılandırılmıştır. Bu nedenle modern orantısal sisteme ait geometrik yapı özelliği, en dar harflerden en geniş harflere kadar olan bir
skalada farklı genişliklere sahip harf tasarımlarını olanaklı kılmaktadır. Ağırlıklı olarak geometrik yapının aktif olduğu; klasik ve modern iki farklı orantısal sistem ve döneme ait harf yapılarının analizinde, iki dönemin gerçekte
benzer kökenlere sahip oldukları görülmektedir. Bu makalenin amacı; farklı süreçleri temsil eden klasik ve modern orantısal sistem harf yapılarının, tasarımda ortak geometrik yaklaşımlara sahip oldukları gerçekliği konusunu, dönemlerin
yazı tasarımcıları ve tasarladıkları harflerin analizleri aracılığı ile sunmaktır.
Analysis Of The Recent Periods Of Changes In Water Buffalo Presence And Milk Production Quantities In Turkey
Authors: Hakkı AYDOGDU Mustafa , ŞAHİN Zeliha
Published: May 2022

Bireylerin sağlıklı ve kaliteli yaşam sürebilmelerin de en önemli faktör yeterli ve dengeli beslenme olup, süt ve ürünleri önemli miktarda protein ve enerji sağlayan besin maddeleri olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Manda, sütünden, derisinden,
etinden, boynuzundan ve iş gücünden faydalanılan, farklı çevresel koşullarda yaşayabilen, düşük kaliteli ve kaba yemleri tüketebilen bir hayvandır. Küresel olarak manda varlığı artar iken, Türkiye’de geçmiş dönemlere göre manda
varlığı önemli oranda azalmıştır. Bu araştırmanın amacı Türkiye’de son dönemlerdeki manda varlığı, süt üretimi ve fiyatlarındaki değişimlerin analizinin yapılmasıdır. Bu kapsamda 2002 ile 2021 yılları arasında, yirmi yıllık döneme
ait veriler kullanılarak, 2030 yılında kadar olması muhtemel değişimlerin analizleri yapılmış ve regresyon katsayıları belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Türkiye’de manda varlığı, sağılan manda sayısı, süt üretim miktarı,
hayvan başına verimin ve süt fiyatlarında artışların olması öngörülmektedir. Bu değişimlerin regresyon katsayıları sırasıyla %86,14, %84,55, %87,79, %1,35 ve %98,31 olarak belirlenmiştir. Mandalar, niteliksiz yem tüketebilmeleri,
her türlü iklim ve çevre koşullarına uyum sağlayabilmeleri, doğal, organik ve sağlıklı et ile süt ve süt mamulleri üretimi nedeniyle kırsal alanda önemli bir ekonomik faaliyet alanıdır. Bu amaçla hayvancılık desteklemelerinde verilen
dişi/düve manda desteği arttırılmalı, tarımsal yayım faaliyetlerinde manda yetiştiriciliğine daha fazla yer verilmeli ve Türkiye’de çoğunlukla küçük aile işletmeleri tarafından yapılan yetiştiricilik faaliyetleri ilave kamusal
politikalarla desteklenmelidir.
Ecological functions of plant-microbial symbioses and their role in the development of resource-saving biotechnologies
Authors: Kulikou Ya. K.
Published: May 2022

The possibility of using the polyfunctional properties of plant-microbial symbiosis in the development of resourcesaving technologies in crop production has been substantiated. An ecological assessment of the interaction of legume genotypes with rhizosphere microflora was carried out, and the role of plant-microbial systems in the accumulation of biological nitrogen was shown. The positive effect of plant-microbial interactions on soil biogenicity and plant adaptation to biotic stresses was revealed.
Effect of proton irradiation on the mechanical, structural, and optical properties of TiAlN coating
Authors: Parkhomenko I. N. , Vlasukova L. A. , Komarov F. F. , Konstantinov S. V. , Zaikov V. A. , Pilko V. V.
Published: May 2022

Titanium aluminium nitride (TiAlN) is a promising material for space application as protective, radiation-resistance coatings. During the operation in space such coatings are exposed to the flux of energetic particles. We present the results of the proton irradiation effect on the mechanical, structural, and optical properties of the TiAlN coating deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering. The irradiation with fluence of 5 · 1016 ion/cm2 results in an increase of Young՚s modulus and nanohardness above the superhard level, while a further fluence increase (up to 2 · 1017 ion/cm2 ) results in a decrease of these parameters. Surface smoothing after proton irradiation has been demonstrated by profilometry. It is shown that irradiation with protons results in an increase of specular reflectance. Diffuse reflectance increases to a lesser extent and only after irradiation with relatively low proton fluences ((2–5)· 1016 ion/cm2 ).
In silico screening of the potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors blocking the HR1 trimer of the coronavirus protein S
Authors: Andrianov A. M. , Furs K. V. , Yushkevich A. M. , Gonchar A. V. , Tuzikov A. V.
Published: May 2022

A virtual library of biologically active molecules has been formed and in silico screening has been carried out for identification of small-molecule chemical compounds – potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors able to bind to the HR1 trimer of the protein S and to block the formation of a six-helix bundle 6-HB, which is critical for the virus-cell fusion and viral infectivity. Molecular modeling methods were used to evaluate the binding affinity of the identified compounds to the HR1 trimer of the protein S. As a result, 12 molecules exhibiting the high binding affinity to this functionally important region of the virus were found. The data obtained indicate the promise of using these compounds in the development of new antiviral drugs presenting SARS-CoV-2 fusion inhibitors that can block the virus entry into the host cell.
Genetic polymorphism of SP-B and SP-C surfactant proteins in preterm infants with respiratory complications
Authors: Malyshava V. M. , Mikhalenka A. P. , Suharava A. P. , Artsiusheuskaya M. V. , Gomolko K. A. , Kilchevsky A. V.
Published: May 2022

The respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and the bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are the lung diseases that occur mainly in preterm infants. Polymorphic variants of surfactant protein genes are considered as candidates contributing to the pathogenesis of RDS and BPD. The association of 5 polymorphic variants of the SFTPB gene (rs2077079, rs1130866, D2S388, D2S2232, VNTR 4 introns) and 3 polymorphic substitutions of the SFTPC gene (rs4715, rs1124, rs2070687) in newborns with the development risk and severity of RDS and BPD was studied. 555 newborns were included in the study, among which 313 premature babies with a gestational age of 28–36 weeks. Genotyping was performed by the Sanger sequencing, the microsatellite analysis, and the real-time PCR. All premature newborns were characterized by the presence of RDS of different severity and BPD was detected in 36 newborns. The microsatellite marker D2S388 of the SFTPB gene contributes to the etiology of RDS and may serve as a gene for its predisposition. Allele 256 bp increases the risk of developing severe RDS. At the same time, the –18AA rs2077079 genotype of the SFTPB gene is associated with a reduced risk of developing severe RDS. The polymorphic variant c.413C>A p. T138N (rs4715) of the SFTPC gene is associated with BPD: the 413CC genotype increases, and the 413CA genotype reduces the risk of developing the disease.
Layout synthesis based on the modular principle of the element base of mechatronic technological complexes
Authors: Bazrov B. M. , Kheifetz M. L.
Published: May 2022

The main shortcomings of modern technological machine-tool complexes are shown. They are: the lack of consideration of individual consumer needs and their insufficient flexibility that do not take into account the trend of rapid changes in the production program. A concept for the development of metal-cutting machine tools based on the principles of the modular technology is proposed. The created machine tool complexes are designed to satisfy the individual needs of consumers, while the flexibility of production equipment should ensure the transition to the manufacture of new parts and the replacement of the technological processing scheme by changing the processing modes, readjustment and reconfiguration of machines; the development of machine tools should be carried out simultaneously with the improvement of the technology of processing parts. Technological complexes should be created by the layout synthesis using the element base that should contain two groups of functional modules, technological and service, and the service purpose of the machine should include the range of both the manufactured surface modules with their characteristics and the modules of technological support.
Regional Energy ef﻿ficiency management of alternative energy sources in the context of strengthening food security of Republic of Belarus
Authors: Makrak S. V.
Published: May 2022

Development of the circular and green economy, including its individual areas, makes certain adjustments to the national management model, bringing the development of alternative energy sources to the forefront, taking into account the possibilities of their application in specific regions while respecting the effectiveness of commercial activities. The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the use of fuel and energy resources in agriculture (2000–2020), gives a brief description of the existing installations in terms of energy types. Taking into account the peculiarities of alternative energy sources development (availability of a number of benefits when using alternative energy generation plants; quotas for the size of energy in the context of business entities; lack of recommendations on the establishment and distribution of limits, etc.) methodological provisions are proposed to substantiate the effective consumer of energy from alternative sources, which are based on scientifically sound approaches to assessing energy consumers within quotas, taking into account the importance of their products and with a focus on strengthening food security in conjunction with strengthening the energy security of regions. It has been determined that quotas should be considered as a method of increasing the efficiency of using alternative energy sources, which takes into account the effectiveness of the application of installations, transferred to the final product. The scientific novelty of the development lies in substantiation and development of scientific and theoretical provisions for the management of alternative energy sources at the regional level in relation to agricultural sectors in conjunction with other sectors of the economy, practical implementation of those will contribute to development of solutions agreed between individual economic entities for sustainable development of regions, taking into account formation of optimal levels of use of alternative energy sources.
Directions, methods and results of rye (Secale cereale L.) breeding in Belarus
Authors: Urban E. P. , Hardzei S. I. , Artjukh D. U. , Hardzei I. S.
Published: May 2022

At the present stage of science development, breeding of new varieties of plants using modern, including molecular methods, is one of the main links in the intensification of the agricultural industry. Rye is no exception in this respect. This is a traditional strategic crop for Belarus, that largely determines the country’s food security. In the paper, in a historical context, the main achievements in breeding of rye varieties for different uses are outlined. The main approaches are described, including: screening of the world diversity of winter rye in the conditions of Belarus; use of methods of experimental polyploidy, hybridization, stabilizing selection, molecular-genetic methods and techniques. Development and application of modern methods have allowed a number of genetic mechanisms and regularities to be discovered, which, in turn, has significantly increased the efficiency of rye breeding in different directions (population and heterosis). At present, RUE “Scientific and Practical Center of the NAS of Belarus for Arable Farming”, State Scientific Institution “Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the NAS of Belarus”, as well as jointly with other institutions have developed new breeding methods, including molecular-genetic ones, which is especially important for increasing the efficiency of obtaining competitive varieties. Significant results have been achieved on the use of the effect of heterosis based on cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). To date, a system of highly productive competitive rye varieties has been created for soils of different levels of fertility: population tetraploid and diploid, as well as F1 hybrids – LoBel-103, Galinka, Plisa, and Belgi.
Role of neonicotinoid preparations for spike grain crop seedlings protection against click beetle and Frit fly larvae in Belarus
Authors: Boika S. V. , Miakhtsiyeva Yu. I. , Vasileuskaya L. P.
Published: May 2022

Recently, in winter and spring grain crops for pre-sowing seed treatment among the assortment of insecticides the preparations of insecticidal and insectofungicidal action based on neonicotinoids: acetamiprid, imidacloprid, clothianidin and thiamethoxam have been widely used. At the current stage of chemical method development of plant protection against harmful arthropods, neonicotinoids are rapidly developing and promising group of neurotoxic insecticides and having a fundamentally different mechanism of action on insects – they inhibit nicotine-acetylcholine receptors. Pre-sowing seed material treatment with insecticides protects the sown seeds, hypocotyls and aboveground plant organs against soil and intrastem pests. It is revealed that during the growing seasons of 2019–2021 in the experimental field, economically significant phytophages are lined click beetle (Agriotes lineatus L.) and Frit flies of autumn and spring generations (Oscinella spp.), indicating the study of their larvae number and harmfulness and measures allowing to control the vital activity of insects in agrocenoses conditions. Plants damaged by them lag behind in growth and die. Improving the range of effective preparations with different active substances used by the method of pre-sowing treatment of grain crop seeds to protect plants during germination against phytophages is an obligatory link in the technology of crops cultivation and one of the factors of their number effective control, what has determined the relevance of the choice of our research topic. Pre-sowing winter and spring cereals seed treatment with neonicotinoid preparations based on imidacloprid (Coyote, SC, Sidoprid, FSC, Tabu, WSC), acetamiprid (Leatrin, SC, Bagrets Plus, SC, Vershina Plus, SC) and thiamethoxam (Questor Forte, SC) have provided plant seedlings high protection against click beetle and Frit fly larvae damage. The results of studies conducted in 2019–2021 have shown that the effectiveness of preparations have varied by years depending on weather conditions and pests number before sowing and at seedlings stage. The indicators of winter grain crops plant damage reduction by wireworms have made 78,8–91,1 %, Frit flies 60,0–85,0 %, spring cereals – 80,0–91,6 % and 80,7–91,1 %, respectively. Through years of research the insecticides for seed treatment have helped to increase the stored grain yield of cereal crops, on the average, from 0,7 to 6,2 cwt/ha, or 1,0–13,5 %. The data obtained will serve as a basis for justifying protective measures to reduce the number and harmfulness of soil-dwelling and terrestrial pests in order to improve the phytosanitary situation in the agrocenoses of cereals.
Women in local wars and military conflicts in 1950–1991 (the example of the representatives of Belarus)
Authors: Kuznetsova-Timonova A. V.
Published: May 2022

The author analyses main circumstances of the participation of women in local wars and military conflicts of the Cold War era, their way to the Soviet military missions and military units in Asia and Africa. We can see the detailed overview of historiography and sources on the topic. The article is supplemented by new unexplored aspects of the problem and vectors of its further research. The author indicates the primary options for Soviet women, ever military personnel and civilians, entering countries with an unfavorable military situation based on the example of the participants in the war in Afghanistan (women who were born in Belarus or lives here now), and highlights the main categories of professions that were in demand in the “hot spots” of the 1970s–1980s. Also the author specifies how many natives of Belarus died during military conflicts; the place of birth and burial of one of them was specified for the first time in historiography.
Spatial Distribution of Black Soot and Its Health Effects in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Oriasi Miebaka , Rowland Eteh Desmond , Harry Ayowei Alvin
Published: May 2022

This research presents a novel approach to assessing the health implications of black soot using a MiniVol air sampler. The MiniVol air sampler was used to collect PM from the ambient air at six monitoring sites in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Sampling was conducted every day for seven days, for 24 hours. PM2.5 concentrations at Uniport Junction, GRA Junction, Slaughter Roundabout, Abuloma Jetty, Rumuomasi Roundabout, and New Road Borokiri were 38.6 g/m3, 28.3 g/m3, 93.7 g/m3, 72.9 g/m3, 30.6 g/m3, and 31.3 g/m3, respectively. PM10 concentrations ranged from 71.2 g/m3 to 60.6 g/m3, with 103.3 g/m3, 85.5 g/m3, 40.1 g/m3, and 35.2 g/m3 being the highest. The level of PM2.5 and PM10 pollution in the ambient air was high across the six sampling sites, with mean PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations exceeding the WHO (2011) guideline. The flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) technique was used. The presence of heavy metals, such as mean metal concentrations of lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury, and nickel, ranged from 0.009 g/m3 -0.532 g/m3, 0.002 g/m3 - 0.544 g/m3, 0.002 g/m3 -0.338 g/m3, 0.001 g/m3, and 0.001 g/m3 -0.432 g/m3, across the six sampling sites. The GC-MS was used to determine the presence of PAHs in particulate matter. Correlation results revealed a strong positive correlation between PM2.5 and PM10. The findings also revealed a positive relationship between the metals as well as between the metals and PAHs, resulting in asthma, lung cancer, breathing difficulties, and miscarriages among pregnant women, which have affected the health implications of the people living in the environment.
PARTISIPASI POLITIK MASYARAKAT DALAM PEMILIHAN KEPALA DAERAH (STUDI PARTISIPASI POLITIK MASYARAKAT DI KELURAHAN UJUNG KECAMATAN SEMAMPIR KOTA SURABAYA DALAM PILKADA JAWA TIMUR 2018)
Authors: Fatahilah Moch. Razy
Published: May 2022

This study analyzes the community political participation in East Java regional election. It aims to understand the affecting factors on the community political participation in Surabaya. The theory uses political participation. There are five indicators that influence political participation, such as social and economic status, parents’ affiliation, experience to organize, political awareness and confidence in the government. The research method is a qualitative descriptive method. data collection techniques are obtained through interview and documentation. The results indicate that the factors have greater influence on participation in social status and economics, and parents’ affiliation. Thus, it needs an urban village general election commission or educate for the residents who live in the urban village. Furthermore, the community work and the role of family in understanding the knowledge of politics have less supportive affiliation.
AGE AND COMPOSITION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS FROM THE CENOZOIC SEDIMENTARY COVER OF THE SAKHALIN SHELF
Authors:   RN-Shelf-Arktika LLC, Kovtunovich P.Yu. , Rudnitskaya E.S. ,   RN-Shelf-Arktika LLC, Safronova L.S. ,   RN-Shelf-Arktika LLC, Lebedev A.V. ,   Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Levin A.V. ,   NNK-SakhalinNIPImorneft LLC, Malyshev N.A. ,   NK Rosneft PJSC, Verzhbitskiy V.E. ,   NK Rosneft PJSC, Оbmetko V.V. ,   NK Rosneft PJSC, Borodulin A.A. ,   NK Rosneft PJSC
Published: May 2022

For the first time, data on the K-Ar isotopic age and petrological-geochemical composition were obtained for igneous rocks using the core samples recovered from the previously drilled holes on the Sakhalin shelf. Based on these data, the igneous rocks were compared to the rocks of the Anivsky, Orlovsky, Lamanonsky, and Chekhovsky volcanic complexes. Isotopic dating on rocks from the Lesogorsky complex of hypabyssal small intrusions exposed on the west coast of Sakhalin Island allowed tighter constrains to be placed on the timing of its formation (8.9–16.2 Ma).
TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENT OF DURABILITY OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE PISTON RINGS
Authors: Totay Anatoliy , Selifonov Vitaliy
Published: May 2022

The ongoing improvement of internal combustion engines of various types involves the search for design and technological methods to improve their operational characteristics. In addition to the traditional requirements for reliability, durability and efficient performance, the requirement for environmental friendliness has recently taken one of the first places, since in many large cities both gasoline and diesel engines are the main sources of the unfavorable state of the environment. Intensive introduction of engines that are not related to the use of oil-based fuels will occur in the thirties of this century and, consequently, for at least another decade, urban residents will have to deal with air pollution problems. The paper considers the issues of increasing the reliability and durability of piston rings of internal combustion engines based on the improvement of their manufacturing technology and control methods based on comprehensive consideration and evaluation of elastic properties of this class, which determines the efficiency of the entire power plant. The analysis of existing technological processes of manufacturing cast-iron piston rings underlies the discovery of reserves for more reliable provision of a given diagram of the piston ring radial pressures on the cylinder liner. This positive effect was achieved through the use of modern edge cutting tools based on cubic boron nitride and a physical method for controlling the elastic state of the piston ring, based on defining the energy state of the surface layer of the product. Such studies are based on the use of the method of exoelectronic emission (EEE), capable of responding to changes in the physical and mechanical parameters of the surface layer of piston rings. The wear resistance tests carried out confirmed the possibility of making adjustments to the manufacturing technology and improving the performance characteristics of piston rings.
A FORMAÇÃO DO LEITOR - Um Problema Social no Brasil
Authors: ANDRADE Eliene Martins
Published: May 2022

A necessidade da descoberta e aplicação de práticas de ensino voltadas à formação do leitor, que se refiram a uma influência mútua entre as métodos de motivação, interação, alinhadas com as leituras dos contextos socioculturais e as leituras paradidáticas utilizadas dentro e fora da sala de aula. A fundamentação teórica foi estruturada com base na abordagem histórico-cultural, principalmente em autores como Bauman, Kleiman, Kato e Zilberman, Ressaltando a necessidade de como a escola incentiva, desenvolve o ensino e desperta o hábito e o gosto pela leitura, utilizando-se das TICs.
Keseimbangan Pasar Uang dan Pasar Barang Dalam Ekonomi Makro Islam
Authors: Nurfadillah
Published: May 2022

Dalam ekonomi Islam, fungsi uang yang diakui hanya sebagai alat tukar, medium of exchange, unit of account.Uang itu sendiri tidak memberikan kegunaan/manfaat, akan tetapi fungsi uanglah yang memberikan kegunaan. Uang menjadi berguna jika ditukar dengan benda yang nyata atau jika digunakan untuk membeli jasa. Keseimbangan pasar uang merupakan kurva yang menghubungkan titik tingkat sebuah pendapatan nasional kepada berbagai macam kemungkinan dari tingkat buga yang memelihara keseimbangan pasar uang.
A single nucleotide variant on chromosome 16 residing within PYCARD distinguishes patients with luminal A breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2022

Molecular subtypes including the most common subtype luminal A drive patient outcomes in human breast cancer but the biological basis for this is not completely understood (1-4). We mined published microarray data (5, 6) to discover in an unbiased fashion the most distinguishing genetic and transcriptional features of tumors of each breast cancer molecular subtype. We identified a single nucleotide polymorphism, rs8056505, residing within PYCARD, as among the most significant genetic differences in the tumors of patients with luminal A breast cancer. In a separate cohort of patients with luminal A subtype breast cancer, we observed differential expression of a PYCARD transcript. Analysis of patient survival data revealed that PYCARD primary tumor expression was correlated with overall survival in patients with basal-like breast cancer. Sequence variation in the PYCARD gene may be important in understanding differences in genetic background that favor development of luminal A subtype human breast cancer.
Bài nghiên cứu phải xin rút bài tới hai lần
Authors: Mai Nhat Chi
Published: May 2022

SSHPA (27-08-2021) — Mới đây, RetractionWatch đã đưa tin về một vụ việc kỳ lạ. Nhà nghiên cứu Cory Xian (University of South Australia, Úc) đã phải xin rút bài tới hai lần mới được chấp thuận.
Câu hỏi đối với việc đào tạo chuyên ở nước ta
Authors: Mai Nhat Chi
Published: May 2022

Đã gần 60 năm kể từ lớp chuyên đầu tiên ra đời tại miền Bắc, hệ thống đào tạo chuyên, bao gồm các trường chuyên (hay năng khiếu) và các kỳ thi học sinh giỏi đã phát triển mạnh mẽ trong khắp cả nước; trải qua nhiều giai đoạn khác nhau nhưng đều giữ mô hình hoạt động tương đối ổn định. Hiện nay, trong bối cảnh mới, liệu hệ thống này có cần những thay đổi để bắt kịp thời đại.
Communicative Efficiency or Iconic Learning: Do acquisition and communicative pressures interact to shape colour-naming systems?
Authors: Gyevnar Balint , Dagan Gautier , Haley Coleman , Guo Shangmin , Mollica Francis
Published: May 2022

Language evolution is driven by pressures for simplicity and informativity; however, the timescale on which these pressures operate is debated. Over several generations, learners' biases for simple and informative systems can guide language evolution. Over repeated instances of dyadic communication, the principle of least effort dictates that speakers should bias systems towards simplicity and listeners towards informativity, similarly guiding language evolution. At the same time, it has been argued that learners only provide a bias for simplicity and, thus, users must provide a bias for informativity. To what extent do languages evolve during acquisition versus use?Here, we address this question by formally defining and investigating the communicative efficiency of acquisition trajectories. We illustrate our approach using colour-naming systems, replicating the communicative efficiency model of Zaslavsky et al. (2018) and the acquisition model of Beekhuizen and Stevenson (2018). We find that, to the extent language is iconic, learning alone is sufficient to shape language evolution. Regarding colour-naming systems specifically, we find that incorporating learning biases into communicative efficiency accounts might explain how speakers and listeners trade off communicative effort.
Assessing the long-term Stability of the Spielberger State-Trait Inventory trait scale over 3.5 Years
Authors: Klingelhöfer-Jens Maren , Werner Franziska , Brandt Naemi , Schümann Dirk , Gamer Matthias , Kalisch Raffael , Sommer Tobias , Lonsdorf Tina B
Published: May 2022

The Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is the most cited measure of state and trait anxiety, and is routinely employed in a variety of research and clinical contexts. Here, we investigate the temporal stability as well as the convergent and discriminant validity of the German version of the STAI-T scale across multiple time points in two independent samples (105 and 120 Caucasians). We observed temporal stabilities of .42 - .67 for intervals between 20 and 41 months and from .81 - .87 for intervals of 5 to 12 months, with decreasing stability as the time interval increased. Temporal stability estimates of the STAI-T were similar to those of related constructs. Additionally, results from a nomological network support the recent conclusion that the STAI-T also shares substantial variance with questionnaires measuring negative emotionality such as depression, and hence does not measure anxiety specifically – despite its name. These results provide further psychometric information on what the STAI-T actually measures and to what extent STAI-T scores are expected to be stable across longer time intervals. This is of relevance for researchers aiming, for example, to use the STAI-T scale for predicting symptom trajectories and evaluating the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.
Prawo w okresie rewolucji husyckiej
Authors: Korbel Daniel
Published: May 2022

Na przełomie XIV i XV wieku w Królestwie Czeskim zaczął krystalizować się ruch wzywający do zreformowania Kościoła katolickiego. Opierając się na nauczaniu Johna Wiklifa , a następnie Jana Husa próbowano w sposób oddolny wpłynąć na hierarchię kościelną i przekonać ja do dokonania niezbędnych zmian i rzeczywistego wypełniania głoszonych nauk. Niestety, nauczanie Husa spotkało się z potępieniem, a on sam wezwany na sobór w Konstancji, mimo posiadania glejtu bezpieczeństwa od cesarza Zygmunta Luksemburczyka został jako heretyk w 1415 roku spalony na stosie. Doprowadziło to do radykalizacji dużej części mieszkańców Królestwa Czeskiego. Próby siłowego powstrzymania narastającego wrzenia religijnego, społecznego i narodowościowego doprowadziły do wybuchu w 1419 roku rewolucji trwającej do roku 1437.  Artykuł niniejszy jest próbą przybliżenia husyckiego programu i praktycznego jego wcielania w życie w zakresie rewolucyjnej zmiany systemu prawnego. Jakie normy prawne husyci odrzucili i dlaczego oraz czym chcieli je zastąpić?
Dochodzenie roszczeń w sądzie sejmowym o zwrot dóbr ziemskich zabranych szlachcie polskiej przez króla „nullo iure” w świetle konstytucji z lat 1562/1563—1641
Authors: Goźdź-Roszkowski Krzysztof
Published: May 2022

Autor  zauważył, że   dochodzenie  wskazanych w tytule roszczeń trwało bardzo długo Natrafiało bowiem  na spore trudności, spowodowane  niechętnym stosunkiem króla do żądań restytucji dóbr, częstym przekładaniem rozpraw na następny sejm oraz mankamentami procedury sądowej. Ich przyczyna tkwiła także w samym sądzie sejmowym, który nie działał sprawnie i w efekcie powstawały liczne zaległości w rozpoznawaniu spraw. Za panowania Augusta II i Augusta III sąd ten działał rzadko w następstwie kryzysu sejmowania.