bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Question of Amblyopia, Its Patterns and Treatment
Authors:   Fyodorov Federal State Institution, St. Petersburg Branch, Somov E.E. ,   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Kononova N.E. ,   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg
Published: June 2021

Purpose. Description of various clinical forms of amblyopia and the effectiveness of their treatment in children. Material and methods. 242 children from 3 to 18 years old were examined: 110 boys (45.5%) and 132 girls (54.5%). The scope of visual examinations included the following: visometry (Tomey TCP-1000 LED), autorefractometry (Tomey TR-4000), keratometry (Pentacam), determination of the nature of visual fixation (HEINEBETA 200S manual ophthalmoscope). Results and conclusion. The approaches to treatment, depending on the underlying pathology, can be functional, surgical and combined. Functional treatment is indicated for amblyopia associated with concomitant strabismus (especially monolateral) and ametropia without improvement in correction. Surgery is very effective in relieving obscuration amblyopia (cataract extraction with IOL implantation, keratoconus with crosslinking). Key words: amblyopia, ametropia, pleoptics, orthoptics, obscuration.
Experience of Optimization of Medical Care for Women in Menopause with Dry Eye Syndrome
Authors:   Ophthalmological Clinic of the Botkin City Clinical Hospital, Branch No. 1, Moscow, Obrubov A.S. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Moscow
Published: June 2021

Purpose. Optimization of medical care for women in menopause with dry eye syndrome from the standpoint of experimental and clinical substantiation of combined technologies. Material and methods. The studies were carried out on a group of 72 patients (144 eyes) in the postmenopausal period with dry eye syndrome. The average age of women was 54.4±3.3 years. All patients, depending on the therapy, were divided into two groups. The first group (control) consisted of 34 women (68 eyes) who received only local daily monotherapy for 20 days – instillation of low-viscosity «artificial tear» preparations HyloComod. Patients of the main group were divided into 2 subgroups and used a combined treatment technology. The first subgroup consisted of 21 patients (42 eyes), who, in addition to local daily therapy of the above drug, received a suis-organ complex preparation of estrogen-like orientation Ovarium compositum once every 3 months. The second subgroup included 17 patients (34 eyes) who received a treatment technology that included local daily therapy with artificial tears in combination with courses (once every 3 months) of exposure to the head area by a pulsed low-frequency electromagnetic field in combination with suis-organ complex preparation of estrogen-like orientation Ovarium compositum. Results. The combined treatment technology was well tolerated in all examined women. There were no complications or side effects. A significant increase in the main tear production in women of the main group made it possible to achieve a significantly more pronounced decrease in symptoms of subjective discomfort than in women in the control group. The achieved results of treatment of women in the main group persisted for 2.5–3 months, which determined the frequency of the courses of combination therapy with a frequency of twice every 6 months during the subsequent observation period. Conclusion. The course of combined therapy makes it possible to achieve significant relief of subjective manifestations of dry eye syndrome in postmenopausal women. The implementation of the therapeutic effect occurs, apparently, due to the synergism of the natural factors used, which makes it possible to significantly activate the compensatory and adaptive processes in the meibomian glands. Key words: dry eye syndrome of climacteric origin, combined treatment technology, estrogen deficiency, sex hormones.
Micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation: clinical outcomes of treatment of early stages open-angle glaucoma
Authors:   Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Minsk, Belarus, Milasheuski Y.V. , Imshanetskaya T.A. ,   Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Minsk, Belarus
Published: June 2021

Purpose. To evaluate treatment efficiency of open-angle glaucoma with micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation, to determine the optimal total energy of laser exposure and to assess the stability of the glaucoma process after treatment. Material and methods. A prospective study was carried out. It included 34 (21 patients) with primary open-angle and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma of stages 1-3, which undergone micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation. The patients were divided into subgroups 1 and 2, depending on the total amount of laser energy (100 J and 150 J, respectively). At different periods of observation, the intraocular pressure, best corrected visual acuity, visual fields, cup-to-disc ratio and the number of antiglaucoma drugs were determined. Results. In the general group, all operated patients achieved a decrease in IOP to a tolerant level, from a median value of 27 [25; 28] in the preoperative period, up to 17.5 [15; 20] at the end of the observation period. The number of used drugs decreased statistically significantly, from 3.0 [3.0; 3.0] to 2.0 [1.0; 2.0]. There was a statistically significant increase in the mean deviation of the retinal photosensitivity, from –4.85 [–8.25; –2.17] to –4.36 [–7.06; –2.37] after 18 months. Indicators of best corrected visual acuity and CDR remained stable throughout the observation period. In subgroup 2 (150J), a statistically more significant decrease in IOP level (p=0.033) and the number of used drugs (p=0.001) was achieved compared with subgroup 1 (100J). Conclusion. Micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation is an effective and safe method of treating open-angle glaucoma in patients with early stages of the disease and high values of best corrected visual acuity. Using a total amount of energy in 150J contributes to a more pronounced decrease in IOP and a decrease in the number of applied drugs than an energy in 100J. Key words: open-angle glaucoma, pseudoexfoliative glaucoma, micropulse cyclophotocoagulation.
A case of congenital diffuse lipomatosis in ophthalmic practice
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Sidorenko E.E. ,   Voyno-Yasenetsky Scientific and Practical Center of Specialized Medical Care for Children, Moscow, Sukhanova I.V. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow,   Voyno-Yasenetsky Scientific and Practical Center of Specialized Medical Care for Children, Moscow, Taranova Y.V. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow
Published: June 2021

A clinical case of a childhood form of diffuse lipomatosis is considered. The clinical picture and diagnostic methods necessary for the establishment of a clinical diagnosis are reflected. When observing patients with diffuse lipomatosis, it is required to involve specialists of various specialties and conduct thorough diagnostic measures to verify the clinical diagnosis and select the appropriate treatment methods. Key words: congenital malformations of the organ of vision, germ layers, mesenchyme, connective tissue, lipomatosis.
Retrospective Analysis of Cases Consulted at the Department of Psychiatry in a General Hospital in Guangzhou, China
Authors:   Department of Psychiatry, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, LL Zhang , JP Zhao ,   Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
Published: June 2021

Objective: To comprehensively analyze cases of psychiatric consultation in a general hospital and provide a primary reference for the development of consultation-liaison psychiatry. Method: A retrospective study was conducted by analyzing data collected over a two-year period regarding psychiatric consultations from the inpatient registry in a general hospital. Results: A total of 926 and 774 psychiatric consultations were recorded in 2016 and 2017, respectively. The most common reason for consultation was unexplained somatic symptoms. Consultations based on psychological evaluation, and mental/behavioral disorders due to organic diseases and perioperative stress were significantly higher in 2017 than those in 2016 (P<0.01). Diagnoses of neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders were significantly lower in 2017 compared to those in 2016 (269 (34.8%) cases in 2017 vs. 373 (40.3%) cases in 2016; P=0.019). Among specific diagnoses, generalized anxiety disorder was the most common. Conclusion: Most patients with depressive or anxiety disorders visit a general hospital due to somatic symptoms. It is necessary to train nonpsychiatrists to identify mental disorders efficiently, as well as to extend the comprehensive consultation model to include more clinical departments.
Sympathetic Nervous System Activity in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease. Role of Renalase and Alpha Amylase
Authors:   Family Medicine Unit No. 80, Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) Morelia, Michoacán, México, LE Hernández , GP Hernández ,   Faculty of Medical and Biological Sciences “Dr. Ignacio Chávez”, Michoacán University of San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Morelia, Michoacán, México, CA Aguilar ,   Faculty of Medical and Biological Sciences “Dr. Ignacio Chávez”, Michoacán University of San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Morelia, Michoacán, México, DCV ánchez ,   Division of Clinic Research. Biomedical Research Center of Michoacán, IMSS. Morelia, Michoacán, México, AG García ,   Division of Clinic Research. Biomedical Research Center of Michoacán, IMSS. Morelia, Michoacán, México
Published: June 2021

Aim: To evaluate serum renalase and salivary alpha amylase concentrations and their relationship with plasma catecholamine levels in patients with Metabolic Syndrome (MS), Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), and End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Method: In cross-sectional study 163 patients were enrolled; 43 patients with MS, 93 withT2DM, 13 with ESRD, and 14 healthy subjects (control group). All patients had their ascription to the UMAA/UMF No. 75, in Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico. Glucose, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and renalase were measurement in serum, and Dopamine (DA), Epinephrine (E) and Norepinephrine (NE) in plasma. An aliquot of saliva was collected for alpha amylase determination. Results: High plasma concentrations of DA, E and NE (p<0.0001) was founded in T2DM and ESRD patients. Renalase was lower in ESRD compared to MS and T2DM patients (p<0.0001). High concentrations of alpha amylase were found in MS, T2DM, and ESRD patients in comparison with control group (p<0.0001). Catecholamines correlated positively with alpha amylase and diabetes evolution. Conclusion: Sympathetic hyperactivity in MS, T2DM and ESRD patients was founded. Renalase could be proposed as biomarker of renal function and salivary alpha amylase as sympathetic hyperactivity. Additional studies are required to evaluate the pathophysiological mechanisms involved of SNS in CKD development.
Visual Acuity and Age of Symptom Onset in a Large Chinese Cohort of Patients with Stargardt Disease
Authors:   Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, J Gao F , D Wang D ,   Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, Y Hu F ,   Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, P Xu ,   Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, Q Chang ,   Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, W Liu ,   Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, H Zhang S ,   Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, Y Huang ,   Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, Z Xu G ,   Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, H Wu J ,   Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Published: June 2021

Stargardt disease is the most common form of juvenile-onset inherited macular dystrophy, with high phenotypic heterogeneity. There are limited data documenting the characteristics of Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) and age of symptom onset of patients with Stargardt disease in Chinese population. In this study, 169 patients with clinical and genetic diagnosis of Stargardt disease were recruited. BCVA, age, age of symptom onset, disease duration time and genetic information were collected and analyzed. We found that the average BCVA was 1.16±0.61 logMAR, 63.6% of patients with severe visual impairment (≤1 logMAR); the mean age of symptom onset was 13.63±12.72 years (yrs) old, 61.36% of patients had an onset earlier than 12; BCVA level was associated with genotype and disease duration, but had no direct correlation with neither age of symptom onset nor age; severe genotype (≥2 severe variants, severe variants were defined as those predicted to introduce a premature truncating codon in the protein or to affect splicing) was also associated with earlier age of symptom onset. Our data will serve as a well-founded reference for genetic counseling and better management of these patients.
Optimization of Growth Conditions of Citrus Anthracnose Agent Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Isolates in Tunisia
Authors:   Department of Biological Sciences and Plant Protection, High Institute of Agronomy of Chott Mariem, UR13AGR03, University of Sousse, Tunisia, H Ben Hadj-Daoud , I Ben Salem ,   Department of Biological Sciences and Plant Protection, High Institute of Agronomy of Chott Mariem, UR13AGR03, University of Sousse, Tunisia, N Boughalleb-M’Hamdi ,   Department of Biological Sciences and Plant Protection, High Institute of Agronomy of Chott Mariem, UR13AGR03, University of Sousse, Tunisia
Published: June 2021

Background: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is important plant pathogens on a wide range of plant hosts such as citrus causing pre- or post-harvest infections as anthracnose, post-bloom fruit drop, tearstain and stem-end rot on fruit, or wither-tip of twigs. Method: The optimization of growth conditions of this pathogen was performed (solid media, temperature, pH and water potential under laboratory experiments). Results: Our results revealed that the maximum radial growth of C. gloeosporioides was recorded on SDA medium. All isolates were able to grow on PDA at temperatures of 15 and 30°C (over 0.7cm/day). Optimal growth radial was recorded at pH 5, 6, 7 and 8. Similar responses were obtained with both salt types, but, in general, C. gloeosporioides was more tolerant to KCl than NaCl. Conclusion: Studies of cultural, morphological traits of the pathogen are prominent to understand the response of the pathogen in different environmental and nutritional conditions.
Measurement of Bivalirudin Thrombin Inhibition Activity in Plasma with Clotting or Chromogenic Assays and Dedicated Calibrators and Controls
Authors:   Hyphen BioMed, Neuville sur Oise, France, C Amiral , C Dunois ,   Hyphen BioMed, Neuville sur Oise, France, J Amiral ,   SH (Scientific-Hemostasis), Franconville, France
Published: June 2021

Bivalirudin is a parenteral direct thrombin inhibitor anticoagulant and does not induce any impairment of the Protein C pathway, which function remains preserved. This drug meets increasing applications for cardiac surgery and heart diseases, especially when heparin is contra-indicated in presence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Major indications concern Extra Corporeal Circulation, PCI/PTCA, and myocardial infarction. Drug clearance occurs partly through kidney. Patients with moderate or severe renal dysfunctions are exposed to drug accumulation and subsequent bleeding, the major adverse effect reported. This study presents 2 automated assays, a clotting method, and a kinetics chromogenic technique, proposed for the quantitative measurement of bivalirudin in citrated plasma. Both assays need a specific bivalirudin calibration, are fully automatable on coagulation instruments, and can be available at any time in specialized clinical laboratories for an on time monitoring of treated patients. Assay ranges are from 0.3 to 5.0 μg/ml (clotting assay) or to 6.0μg/ml (chromogenic assay), and up to 20.0μg/ml with an additional automatic plasma dilution. These methods offer excellent performances, with good reproducibility and repeatability. This study reports the results obtained with both assays on bivalirudin measurements in 26 treated patients collected at 4 timings. Both methods are fully consistent and contribute to facilitate and secure the use of this anticoagulant when it is indicated.
A formação acadêmica de enfermeiras/os, médicas/os sob a perspectiva da garantia dos direitos humanos das mulheres
Authors: Santos Nathalia Brainer dos , Moglia Beatriz Hermenegildo , Terra Maria Fernanda
Published: June 2021

Artigo que objetiva apresentar as contribuições para a formação de graduandos de enfermagem e medicina da FCMSCSP, após a vivência assistencial às mulheres em situação de violência doméstica de gênero em projeto de extensão universitária.  Pesquisa qualitativa, realizada a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 9 estudantes de enfermagem e 1 de medicina, entre março e junho de 2019, em salas reservadas na faculdade. As entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas e submetidas a análise de conteúdo. Destacamos as categorias: Acolhimento como sinônimo de escuta ativa; Garantia da autonomia na assistência por meio da construção compartilhada do cuidado; e reflexões sobre a formação no tema da violência contra as mulheres. Os aprendizados que se destacaram foram os que referiam a apresentação dos serviços e direitos das mulheres e a necessidade da construção compartilhada do cuidado, respeitando a autonomia, sem culpa ou julgamento sobre as mulheres.
The Neuropathological and Biological Impacts of Alzheimer’s Disease on Spatial Memory: A Literature Review
Authors: Young Bridget H.M.
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The effects of spatial memory on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pose a great hazard to the emotional and physical wellbeing of the patient and their families, affecting more than 60% of individuals with AD. This review explores the neuropathological and biological foundations of spatial memory with relation to AD.
Methods: The results in the 11 papers (7 animal studies, 4 clinical studies) will be described, examined, and compared with each other, and attempt to pinpoint areas for future research.
Results: Results from animal studies showed that neurotransmitter function, protein function, and calcium regulation are all impaired by AD, which lowers the spatial memory and cognition in animals. In clinical studies, it was found that the medial temporal lobe (MTL) regions, including the hippocampus, amygdala, and entorhinal cortex, are compromised by AD and relate to spatial memory performance.
Discussion: This review concluded that more clinical research should be conducted around spatial memory, and animal research can explore the role of protein function given the relevance of neuropathology in AD.
Conclusion: With the information collected in this review, future steps can be taken to explore the intricacies of spatial memory and AD. Moreover, this review also poses a useful reference for other researchers examining the relation between spatial memory and AD.
Qassem Soleimani, Targeted Killing of State Actors, and Executive Order 12,333
Authors: Molloy Taran
Published: June 2021

The targeted killing of the Iranian military leader Qassem Soleimani in an American drone strike in January 2020 marked a novel development in the operation of the United States' drone programme; targeting a member of a state's armed forces as opposed to a member of a non-state armed group. Soleimani's killing offers an opportunity to re-examine the scope of Executive Order 12,333, which prohibits employees of the United States Government from committing assassinations. This article applies Executive Order 12,333's "assassination ban" to the Soleimani strike. The assassination ban's scope varies depending on whether it is applied in a wartime or peacetime context. This article concludes from the surrounding factual and legal context that the strike should be analysed according to the peacetime definition of assassination, which necessitates an analysis of the strike's compliance with the jus ad bellum, the legal framework applicable to uses of interstate force. It finds that the strike's non-compliance with the jus ad bellum, in addition to its likely political motive create a strong argument that the strike would constitute a prohibited assassination under the terms of the Executive Order, but the legal framework surrounding the Executive Order limits its direct enforceability with respect to presidentially authorised uses of force. It ultimately concludes that, despite the assassination ban's lack of direct enforceability, it nevertheless creates a strong normative counterbalance against an increasing tendency toward expansive uses of extraterritorial force.
Biomimetic Urban and Architectural Design: Illustrating and Leveraging Relationships between Ecosystem Services
Authors: Pedersen Zari Maibritt
Published: June 2021

Redesigning and retrofitting cities so they become complex systems that create ecological and cultural–societal health through the provision of ecosystem services is of critical importance. Although a handful of methodologies and frameworks for considering how to design urban environments so that they provide ecosystem services have been proposed, their use is not widespread. A key barrier to their development has been identified as a lack of ecological knowledge about relationships between ecosystem services, which is then translated into the field of spatial design. In response, this paper examines recently published data concerning synergetic and conflicting relationships between ecosystem services from the field of ecology and then synthesises, translates, and illustrates this information for an architectural and urban design context. The intention of the diagrams created in this research is to enable designers and policy makers to make better decisions about how to effectively increase the provision of various ecosystem services in urban areas without causing unanticipated degradation in others. The results indicate that although targets of ecosystem services can be both spatially and metrically quantifiable while working across different scales, their effectiveness can be increased if relationships between them are considered during design phases of project development.
Devising urban ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) projects with developing nations: A case study of Port Vila, Vanuatu
Authors: Pedersen Zari Maibritt , Blaschke PM , Jackson Bethanna , Komugabe-Dixson A , Livesey C , Loubser DI , Gual C Martinez-Almoyna , Maxwell D , Rastandeh A , Renwick James , Weaver S , Archie KM
Published: June 2021

As the linked impacts of climate change and degradation of ecosystems continue to be felt, particularly in developing countries, it is vital that methods for development that concurrently address adaptation to climate change, rapid urbanisation, and ecosystem degradation be explored. Further development of approaches which are participatory and embedded in an understanding of the importance of symbiotic relationships between socio-cultural and ecological systems is particularly important. Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) is one such method that is gaining recognition and momentum in areas where developing nations face converging pressures and drivers of change. EbA methodologies to date, are often ill-defined in an urban context and lack consideration of future social and ecological scenarios however. In response, this paper describes a methodology for developing urban EbA projects in a small island developing nation context. The methodology was developed and applied by a multi-disciplinary team working under the auspices of the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP). The application of this methodology in Port Vila, Vanuatu indicated: i) the needs of local people must be at the forefront of project planning, requiring a participatory design process; ii) EbA solutions development must be multidisciplinary and iterative; iii) appropriate quantitative and qualitative data is vital as a basis for EbA project development, requiring adequate time for data gathering; iv) urban and coastal EbA projects must be developed holistically, recognising socio-ecological systems that extend beyond the urban area itself; v) the complex overlapping landscape of governmental and international aid financed projects must inform the development of new EbA projects; vi) potential monetary and non-monetary benefits, costs and risks across multiple factors must be carefully assessed in EbA project development; and vii) project implementation requires ongoing engagement and a readiness to adapt to on-the-ground realities.
Biomimicry for regenerative built environments: mapping design strategies for producing ecosystem services
Authors: Pedersen Zari Maibritt , Hecht Katarina
Published: June 2021

Built environment professionals must solve urgent and complex problems related to
mitigating and adapting to climate change and biodiversity loss. Cities require redesign and retrofit
so they can become complex systems that create rather than diminish ecological and societal health.
One way to do this is to strategically design buildings and cities to generate and provide ecosystem
services. This is an aspect of biomimicry, where whole ecosystems and their functions are emulated,
in order to positively shift the ecological performance of buildings and urban settings. A small number
of methodologies and frameworks for ecosystem services design have been proposed, but their
use is not wide spread. A key barrier is the lack of translational work between ecology concepts
and practical examples of ecosystem services design for a built environment context. In response,
this paper presents research underpinning the creation of a qualitative relational diagram in an online
interactive format that relates ecosystem services concepts to design strategies, concepts, technologies,
and case studies in a format for use by built environment professionals. The paper concludes that
buildings and whole cities should be expected to become active contributors to socio-ecological
systems because, as the diagram shows, many strategies and technologies to enable this already exist.
MERS-CoV in the COVID-19 era: update from Saudi Arabia, 2019–2020
Authors: Khan Anas , Bin Nafisah Sharafaldeen , Mzahim Bandr , Aleid Bakhitah , Almatrafi Daliah , Assiri Abdullah , Jokhdar Hani
Published: June 2021

Background: The prevalence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection during the period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains uncertain. Aims: This study aimed to provide an update on the epidemiology of MERS-CoV in Saudi Arabia from January 2019 to October 2020. Methods: Data on all laboratory-confirmed cases of MERS-CoV infection in Saudi Arabia from January 2019 to 20 October 2020 were retrieved from the Health Electronic Surveillance Network of the Ministry of Health of Saudi Arabia. Data collected were: demographic characteristics of cases, clinical course of the infection, related mortality and association with exposure to confirmed cases or camels. Results: In total, 299 cases of MERS-CoV infection were reported in the study period. The mean age of cases was 52.4 years. Most of the cases were males (78.9%) and had comorbidities (72.7%), and 11.9% of cases were health care providers. Of the 299 cases, 83 (27.7%) died. Older age and having comorbidities were associated with higher mortality. Exposure to camels was associated with lower mortality. Health care providers also had a lower mortality rate than non-health care providers. Compared with COVID-19, MERS-CoV infection still has a higher mortality rate but with a more predictable pattern and an anticipated deterioration. Conclusion: MERS-CoV infection remains a public health concern. The percentage of cases that were health care providers (11.9%) is lower than previously reported (19.1–25.0%), possibly due to the various preventive measures put in place to control COVID-19.
Development of Augmented Reality Based Crawl Swimming Learning Module For Students of The UNU Blitar Sport Education Study Program
Authors: Nohantiya Peni , Putra Fatra Nonggala
Published: June 2021

Swimming is a compulsory subject in the UNU Blitar Sports Education Study Program curriculum. Has a fairly high Semester Credit Unit (SKS) weight of 4 credits. The crawl style swimming is the basis of all styles so that it needs to be studied more deeply according to the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, namely with a touch of Augmented Reality (AR) technology. This study aims to develop a learning module for swimming crawl style which is integrated with Augmented Reality (AR). The method used by researchers is the Research and Development developed by Dick and Carey which consists of 10 steps. However, due to existing limitations, the researcher only carried out 9 steps. The module was validated by 3 experts, namely: media expert, learning expert, and swimming expert. The input from experts is used to complement the product. Subsequently carried out small group trials totaling 6 students while 30 students as large group trial subjects. The results obtained are: the criteria for product clarity obtained by a percentage of 91.17647% are very valid, the strategic criteria obtained by a percentage of 83.33% are quite valid, the evaluation criteria obtained by a presentation of 75% are quite valid. All criteria have met product eligibility. Product development of the module is declared valid enough and fit for use as a medium to maximize the learning process.
FORMS OF NATURAL SCIENCE MUSEUMS AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTES COLLABORATION (BY THE CASE OF THE EXHIBITION "TRAUMAS OF THE PAST")
Authors:   Moscow State University, State Darwin Museum, Sudarikova Elena
Published: June 2021

The article examines the potential of natural science museums in the popularization of science and scientific activity, the opportunity of a museum and a scientific institute joint work to satisfy the request of visitors that cannot be realized only through the museum collection. The variety of formats for joint activities of the museum and the scientific research institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in educational and educational activities are also considered here. Special attention is paid to the successful experience of exhibiting items from the funds of the Institute of Archeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences at the State Darwin Museum and high attention level and involvement of visitors in such projects.
A fiscalização dos Expostos em Leiria Estudo do Regulamento de 1879
Authors: Carvalho Diana
Published: June 2021

O presente trabalho versa sobre as formas de fiscalização da Junta Geral de Distrito face à exposição infantil, através do estudo do Regulamento de 1879.
Role of Human Capital in Market Orientation – Innovation Relationship
Authors: Siddique Adnan , Nazir Adnan , Adnan Sabahat , Duryab Makhdoom Muhammad Aamir
Published: June 2021

Academics and practitioners have considered and regarded innovation as a  source to gain sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) over rival firms. Although market orientation (MO) and innovation have been studied and found to impact a firm’s ability to innovate separately, how they interact with each other has not been studied before. Drawing from the theory of organizational learning, this study proposes that human capital (HC) mediates the relationship between MO and innovation. The proposed relationship was empirically tested using data collected from managers of the textile sector of Pakistan. The results reveal that human capital and market orientation separately affect innovation while HC partially mediates MO and innovation relationship. Practical and future research implications of the study have also been discussed.
An Empirical Examination of E-Government Virtual Services: Mediating Role of Users’ Perceived Usefulness
Authors: Khalid Mubeen , Yousaf Farwa , Khan Mukaram Ali , Shaukat Saba
Published: June 2021

Government websites are the repository of information where citizens can timely access substantial and reliable information. It is normal to find antagonism between formulators and users of e-government virtual services (EGS). This study is designed to assess the quality of virtual services provided by Pakistani government websites. Data is collected from 278 university graduates using simple random sampling technique. Results of Smart PLS show that the survey respondents exhibit positive attitude towards perceived system quality (PSQ) and perceived information quality (PIQ) of the websites. They also perceive e-government websites useful and display their satisfaction to e-government virtual services. Finally, findings provide support to mediating role of users’ perceived usefulness (UPU). Policymakers and practitioners can take advantage of the findings to design more citizen centered government websites to optimize their satisfaction with mandatory services.
“A religiosidade urbana”
Authors: Gumucio Cristián Parker
Published: June 2021

Gostaria de começar, agradecendo o convite para contribuir neste evento que me parece realmente necessário e excelente. Como se trata de uma Semana Pastoral, gostaria de fazer uma observação inicial. O que vou colocar, faço-o a partir de uma perspectiva sociológica, a partir da sociologia da religião. Falarei muito de “religião”, porém, com uma linguagem que não é a da teologia ou da pastoral...
Pentecostalismo, governos militares e revolução
Authors: Rolim Francisco Cartaxo
Published: June 2021

O título já diz que se vai abordar a relação entre religião pentecostal, governos militares e revolução. Revolução sandinista, digamos logo. Não vamos passar em revista todos eles, mas limitamo-nos ao Brasil e Chile, por razões que serão dadas. Este artigo não pretende dizer tudo nem explicar tudo. É apenas um pequeno ensaio para cobrir uma lacuna em nossos estudos sobre o Pentecostalismo. Nasceu de um trabalho em elaboração. Expliquemos então...
Toxicity of Methyl Benzoate and Analogs to Adult Aedes aegypti
Authors: Larson Nicholas R. , Nega Mahalet , Zhang Aijun , Feldlaufer Mark
Published: June 2021

Methyl benzoate is a natural product (floral volatile organic compound) that is currently used as a food flavoring ingredient. This compound has shown to be insecticidal in laboratory studies against agricultural and urban pests, including spotted wing drosophila Drosophila suzukii, brown marmorated stink bug Hyalomorpha halys, the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella, and the common bed bug Cimex lectularius, to name several insect taxa. In this study we topically treated adult Aedes aegypti females with methyl benzoate and analogs and determined their toxicities. We found that among adult females, 4 analogs—butyl benzoate, n-pentyl benzoate, vinyl benzoate, and methyl 3-methoxybenzoate—were more toxic than the parent compound, methyl benzoate.
Unfolding Utilization of Functional Blocks of Social Media in Building Brand Equity in Higher Education Institutes
Authors: MEHMOOD MUHAMMAD AWAIS , JANJUA QAISER RASHID , AFTAB FAISAL
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this research was to explore how HEIs are using Social Media (SM) as a marketing communication tool and to understand their branding focus through SM. It was investigated by understanding the utilization of functional blocks of SM by HEIs, which are believed to contribute towards elements of brand equity. Utilization of functional blocks of SM was studied through theoretical lens of honeycomb framework of SM. This study used qualitative methodology, based on inductive research approach. The data was collected via Netnography method, based on six months usage of SM accounts of seven selected HEIs of Pakistan, out of 225, which exhibited active SM presence. HEIs were found using nine different content types on SM. The content types that showed highest utilization of functional blocks, i.e. endorsements and promotional-messages, were amongst the least preferred content types of HEIs. However, their most preferred content types, i.e. event coverage & announcements, showed lowest engagement level, and were seen contributing towards lower stages of brand building i.e. brand image and awareness only, thus reflecting a myopic focus of HEIs in terms of their brand building through SM. Findings of this study will enable HEIs to revisit their content preference on SM based on the desired branding objectives. This research has extended theoretical knowledge regarding SM Marketing in context of HEIs. Further, it has extended comprehension of various functional blocks of SM, in organizational context, based on literature review. Keywords: Social Media Marketing, Brand Equity, Honeycomb Framework, Higher Education Institutes.
The what, how and why of fake news: An overview
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Simons Greg , Manoilo Andrey ,   Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2021

This article examines the nature of the origin, definitions and functional principles of so-called fake news – reports that are deliberately false in nature which can create a stir in society around a non-existent informational case born ofthesamenews source.Incombinationwithviraltechnologiesandmechanisms of distribution in the media and social networks, fake news in modern political campaigns is becoming a dangerous tool for influencing mass consciousness of societies. The main task of fake news in modern political campaigns and processes is interception of the political agenda, with its subsequent closure to the news feed generated by the fake news itself, as well as creation of general excitement around the given news story. This present article seeks to review and analyse the academic debates on the what (definition), how (operationalization) and why (motivation) questions pertaining to the fake news phenomena. These aspects are then combined to generate the beginnings of creating a conceptual taxonomy to understand this highly topical and emotive concept.
Tipologías de consumidores en función de su actitud ambiental
Authors: Flores Rueda Isabel Cristina , Torres Rivera Ma. Patricia , Nava Alvarado Sahamyra Leilani
Published: June 2021

El impacto ambiental del consumo origina la presencia de un mercado emergente. Consecuentemente, surge un interés en estudiar este mercado. De este modo, se busca determinar si existen tipologías de consumidores conforme con su actitud ambiental en el mercado mexicano; para contribuir al entendimiento del fenómeno de las actitudes ambientales y las compras desde una investigación de corte transversal mediante el método de análisis por conglomerados. Los resultados sugieren la agrupación en tres actitudes: egoístas, indiferentes y biosféricas. La originalidad del estudio consiste en agrupar a consumidores con base en sus actitudes ambientales y después describirlos en función de sus compras del hogar. Los hallazgos manifiestan la existencia de diferentes tipos de consumidores de acuerdo con sus actitudes ambientales.
Radiators of scalar modes of a circular waveguide.
Authors:   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mokhovaya 11-7, Moscow 125009, Russia, Kaloshin V.A. , Pham Van Chung ,   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Institutsiy lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia, Frolova E.V. ,   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mokhovaya 11-7, Moscow 125009, Russia
Published: June 2021

The frequency characteristics of the radiators of ТМ01 and ТЕ01modes of a circular metal waveguide are investigated. Radiators in the form of an open end of a circular waveguide with a stepped cut, including those with a cylindrical mirror, as well as an open end of a waveguide with an inhomogeneous anisotropic dielectric plate are considered. Numerical simulation and optimization of parameters were carried out using finite element and finite differences in time domain methods.
Helminths of domestic and wild chicken birds (Aves: Galliformes) of Uzbekistan
Authors: Akramova F. D. , Shakarbaev U. A. , Zhangabaev A. S. , Arepbaev I. M. , Rabbimov S. Sh. , Azimov D. A.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the researchis studying existing fauna and ecology of Galliform helminths in biogeocenoses of Uzbekistan.

Materials and methods. Parasitic worms were collected from chicken-like birds of the terrestrial cenoses of Karakalpakstan and North-eastern Uzbekistan. Birds were studied in all seasons of 2018–2020. Wild birds – Himalayan hen, keklik, grey partridge, quail and pheasant, were hunted by local hunters during hunting seasons, while domestic birds - chickens, turkeys and guinea fowls were uncovered from different types of poultry farms. The study of birds was carried out by well-known methods. It was examined 913 wild and 755 domestic chicken-like animals. The detected cestodes and trematodes were fixed in 70% alcohol, and the nematodes were fixed in Barbagallo liquid. The determination of helminth species was carried out according to the well-known guidelines of domestic and foreign authors.

Results and discussion. We found that helminthoses were widespread among representatives of Galliformes in Uzbekistan. Total helminth infections in domestic and wild Galliformes were 50.5%. In infected birds, 44 helminth species were identified, among which 10 species were cestodes, 12 species were trematodes and 22 species were nematodes. Helminth species diversity was the most extensive in the domestic chicken (36 species), turkey (21), and partridge (20). For the first time for the helminth fauna in Galliformes in Uzbekistan, we identified 3 trematode species – Brachylaema fuscatus, Collyriclum faba and Echinostoma miyagawai, and 10 nematode species of the genera Capillaria, Aonchotheca, Ascaridia, Heterakis, Dispharynx, Streptocara, Tetrameres, Diplotriaena and Ornithofilaria.
Bitki gelişimini teşvik eden bakterilerin domateste bitki gelişim parametreleri, verim ve bitki sağlığı üzerine etkisi
Authors: FIRAT ORAL Serap , KOTAN Recep
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmada; bitki gelişimini teşvik ettikleri ve/veya bazı bitki patojeni funguslara karşı antifungal özelliğe sahip oldukları bilinen toplam 6 bakteri izolatı (Bacillus megaterium TV-60D, TV-87A, TV-91C ve KBA-10; Pantoea agglomerans RK-92 ve Hafnia alvei TV-34A) kullanılmıştır. Bu bakteri izolatları bazı bitki patojeni funguslara karşı antifungal aktiviteleri için in vitroda test edilmiştir. Ayrıca bu bakteriler sera koşullarında domates bitkisinin kök ve toprak üstü aksamına uygulanarak bazı vejatatif bitki gelişim parametreleri, verim, meyvede çatlama ve bitki sağlığı üzerine etkileri de araştırılmıştır. Bazı bakteri uygulamalarının kontrole göre bitki boyu, çiçek sayısı, meyve sayısı, meyve ağırlığı, meyve çapı, meyve yüksekliği, bitkinin yaş ve kuru kök ve gövde ağırlığı gibi parametrelerde istatistikî olarak önemli bulunan artışlara sebep olduğu gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca Bacillus megaterium KBA-10 uygulamasının meyvede çatlama oranında ve genel hastalık şiddetinde ciddi bir azalmaya sebep olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; bu çalışmada kullanılan bakteri formülasyonlarından bitki gelişim parametreleri açısından Pantoea agglomerans RK-92 ve Bacillus megaterium TV-91C’nin, genel hastalık kontrolü açısından ise Bacillus megaterium KBA-10 uygulamalarının domates yetiştiriciliğinde kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Understanding Influences of Development on Black Women’s Success in U.S. Colleges: A Synthesis of Literature
Authors: Porter Christa J. , Byrd Janice A.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to illuminate how and to what extent Black women’s developmental processes have influenced their success within their respective U.S. college environments. Crenshaw’s three dimensions of intersectionality guided our analysis. We synthesized 38 peer-reviewed articles and interpreted five themes: (a) navigating the educational matrix, (b) sense of belonging, (c) perceptions of (lack of) institutional support, (d) living and learning at the margins while combating stereotypes, and (e) need for counterspaces and counternarratives. Implications of our findings include expanding definitions of student success, intersectionality and identity development, and equity-driven institutional practices.
Operaciones crediticias de las microempresas en Ecuador, previo a Emergencia Sanitaria
Authors: Nieto Cuadrado Fabricio Xavier
Published: June 2021

Esta investigación tuvo como propósito analizar el comportamiento de la cartera de las operaciones de crédito a las microempresas en Ecuador durante el periodo de marzo 2019 a febrero 2020, para determinar al menos una política que permita reactivar de eficientemente la economía; mediante una investigación de tipo cuantitativo, utilizando la recolección de datos como el instrumento de medición; a través la revisión de artículos, libros que van desde 1993 hasta el 2020, y datos de organizaciones públicas nacionales e internacionales durante el periodo de estudio. El resultado refleja un comportamiento moderado del índice de morosidad; sin embargo, los acontecimientos políticos deterioraron las actividades económicas alterando este indicador. Se concluye indicando la necesidad de implementar mecanismos financieros con parámetros que se ajusten a la realidad que actualmente está viviendo el Ecuador, como la reestructuración de créditos, que permitirá estabilizar tanto de la emisión de créditos como del índice de morosidad.
La innovación tecnológica: creando competitividad en las empresas desarrolladoras de software
Authors: Morales Peña Guillermo Arturo , Freire Morán Jorge Fabricio
Published: June 2021

En la presente investigación el propósito general es determinar en qué medida la innovación tecnológica impacta a la competitividad en las empresas desarrolladoras de software de la ciudad de Guayaquil. Esta investigación tiene un alcance correlacional y su enfoque es cuantitativo. Los resultados revelan un coeficiente de correlación rho de Spearman de 0.877 estadísticamente significativo, lo que señala que existe evidencia estadística para demostrar y afirmar que la innovación tecnológica sí impacta a la competitividad en las empresas. Este hecho conduce a pensar que sí se han dado avances y mejoras en las empresas que desarrollan software en la ciudad de Guayaquil, lo que responde a las estrategias generadas para generar ventajas competitivas mejorando los niveles de competitividad en esta industria.