bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation on the development of soil fertility gradients with nutrient exhaustive crop (Sorghum bicolor) regard to N, P, and K in Inceptisols in semi-arid regions of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Vamshi Maragani , Maragatham S. , Santhi R. , Kalarani M. K. , Sankari A. , Gopalakrishnan M. , Rajeswari R.
Published: September 2023

Soil test crop response (STCR's) soil fertility gradient approach is based on the idea that  complex treatments are superimposed in a field to obtain crop responses for correlating with soil test values that are artificially created by differential fertiliser treatments prior to conducting the regular experiment, thereby providing a scientific basis for balanced fertilisation between applied and available forms of nutrients. The present study aimed to develop the fertility gradient with sorghum as test crop in the field concerning N, P, and K and also to evaluate its impact on sorghum nutrient uptake, and soil fertility. The experimental field was split into three equal strips. Strips I, II, and III each received three graded levels of fertiliser N (nitrogen), P2O5 (phosphorus pentoxide), and K2O (potassium oxide) as urea, single super phosphate, and muriate of potash, respectively. The green fodder yield of sorghum recorded at harvest in strip I, II & III was 16.4, 23.4 and 28.2 t ha-1, respectively. Whereas post-harvest soil available nitrogen in strip I, II & III was 155, 190 & 214 kg ha-1 respectively, for available phosphorus 12.5, 23.2 & 31.8 kg ha-1 respectively and for available potassium it is 332, 370 & 396 kg ha-1 respectively. Wide variations in green fodder yield and soil fertility were observed among the strips, establishing the influence of graded amounts of fertiliser treatment on these parameters and the formation of a soil fertility gradient.
Performance of dual-purpose sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) under different sowing windows and crop geometry
Authors: Sree Yerradoddi Sindhu , Karthikeyan R. , Sivakumar S. D. , Djanaguiraman M. , Thirunavukkarasu M. , Boomiraj K. , Sangeetha S.P.
Published: September 2023

India is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change and its impact on agricultural production and livestock. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is an important food crop of India cultivated in tropical and subtropical climates, especially the semiarid tropics; varying environmental attributes significantly affect its duration and yield. Therefore, the present research aimed to evaluate the potential of dual-purpose sorghum under varying sowing windows and crop geometry. The experiment was conducted in Eastern block farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University during the summer season- 2022. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design with three different dates of sowing in the main plot, i.e., D1 - First fortnight of February, D2 - First fortnight of March and D3 - First fortnight of April and six different crop geometries in the subplot viz., 45 x 15 cm (S1),45 x 10 cm(S2), 45 x 5 cm (S3), 30 x 15 cm (S4),30 x 10 cm (S5) and 30 x 5 cm (S6) and replicated thrice.The results revealed that sowing during the first fortnight (I FN)  of April with a spacing of 45x 15 cm resulted in maximum grain yield(2585 kg/ha) and for fodder yield, April I FN sowing with a crop geometry of 30x 5 cm resulted in maximum green biomass (43.6 t/ha) as well as dry matter production. So, spacing of 30x 5 cm helps in better utilization of resources along with maximum fodder yield.
Inter-annual variation of the mean temperature and rainfall in Chad and the solar activity during the period from 1950 to 2020
Authors: Nour Ali Mahamat , Djimtolgar Masrabé , Orozi Galmai
Published: September 2023

Given the increased variability of rainfall, the resurgence of extreme meteorological phenomena such as droughts, floods, heat waves, and violent winds and considering the influence of solar activity on certain meteorological parameters, a study on the variation of temperature and rainfall in relation to solar activity is necessary.  The present study aimed to analyze the inter-annual evolution of meteorological parameters (mean temperature and rainfall) in Chad over the period from 1950 to 2020 in two geographically distinct areas (Sudanian and Sahelian zone) and then to establish a link between these parameters and solar activity to predict the variations of these two parameters over time. The rainfall results showed that the wettest years were 1959 in N'Djamena and 1951 in Moundou. On the other hand, the driest years recorded were 1984 in N'Djamena and 1998 in Moundou. The study of the mean temperature in these two areas during the same period led to the conclusion that the hottest year was 2010 in N'Djamena; however, in Moundou the hottest year recorded was 1997. Globally, in the two zones concerned, analysis of the results on variations in rainfall showed a downward trend. However, the study of average temperature showed a steady rise over the same period. The superposition of rainfall and mean temperature with the sunspot numbers Rz led to the conclusion that high sunspot activity increases temperature and thus warming, while low sunspot activity brings high precipitation.
Comparing the influence of natural farming on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) yield and economics with integrated and organic farming
Authors: M Monicaa , Krishnan R. , Sunitha R. , Sanbagavalli S. , Manickam S. , Senthil A. , Sangeetha S. P.
Published: September 2023

Cotton, a vital global cash crop, influences the economy and sustainability. Natural farming is a cost-effective, eco-friendly method. This study examines Natural Farming's effects on cotton yield and the economics of cotton compared to Integrated and organic farming. Field experiments were conducted during 2021-22 and 2022-23 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural College, Coimbatore. The experiment consisted of eight treatments, laid out in Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice. The treatments consist of control (T1), various Indian Natural farming practices including Beejamirit as a seed treatment, Ghanajeevamirit as basal, Jeevamirit with irrigation water, crop residue mulch, intercroping with pulses (T2 to T5), Organic farming practices (T6), Integrated crop management (ICM) practices with organic pest control (T7) and ICM with chemical pest (T8). The results indicated a significant increase in yield components: sympodial branches plant-1 (12.85 and 13.40), number of squares (29.28 and 31.28), bolls plant-1 (10.74 and 11.32), and boll weight (4.30 and 4.38 g) under Integrated Crop Management practices in 2021-22 and 2022-23, respectively. However, organic farming practices, followed by natural farming practices, were at par with integrated crop management. Integrated crop management practices resulted in significantly higher seed cotton yields (2178 and 2232 kg/ha in 2021-22 and 2022-23, respectively) than organic and natural farming practices with a higher cost of cultivation and a gross return. Complete natural farming outperformed organic and integrated farming in cotton, yielding higher net returns and B: C ratios. This approach holds promise for enhancing yield, economic viability and environmental sustainability in cotton cultivation.
Optimization of hydrothermal-assisted alkali process for enhanced xylan recovery from banana fiber biomass
Authors: Govindaraj Oviya , Uthandi Sivakumar , Gopal Nellaiappan Olaganathan , ASM Raja
Published: September 2023

Banana fiber is a rich lignocellulosic biomass source that has not been widely explored. The hemicellulose components (15 - 20 %) of banana fiber can be a feedstock for producing high-value commodity chemicals. Hemicellulose is extracted by physical, chemical, and biological methods, in which combining hydrothermal treatment with alkaline mode of extraction provides an enhanced recovery percentage. Thus, the present study aimed to optimize the hydrothermal-assisted alkaline method of xylan extraction from the banana fiber biomass. Initially, xylan was extracted with a conventional-based alkali method. A maximum of about 43 and 35 % was recovered from pretreated and raw banana fiber at 12% NaOH concentration when incubated at 55 °C for 24 h. To improve the xylan yield, the hydrothermal assisted alkali method experimented in which 67.1% and 58.3 % of xylan were recovered when treated at 121 °C for 1 h at 12% NaOH. To further enhance the xylan recovery, a two-step alkali process by combining conventional and hydrothermal-assisted alkali methods resulted in the highest xylan (81%) recovery from pretreated banana fiber when incubated with 12 % alkali for 8 h followed by steam treatment. On the other hand, a maximum of 73 % of xylan was recovered when steam treated after incubation for 24 h from raw banana fiber. Thus, the alkali incubation followed by steam treatment significantly showed the highest xylan recovery from the banana fiber biomass. The extracted xylan might be utilized as a source for various xylan-based products, including furfural, xylooligosaccharides, xylose, and xylitol, all of which have significant roles in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
ASSESSMENT OF HEMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS OF LOCOMOTIVE CREW WORKERS CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN POSTCOVID PERIOD
Authors:   FSBSI «Izmerov Research Institute of Occupation Health», Gerasimidi S.K. , Gluhov D.V.
Published: September 2023

The new coronavirus infection affects not only the respiratory organs, but also the cardiovascular system, especially in the presence of risk factors (arterial hypertension, smoking, overweight). The manifestation of post-COVID complications can affect the functioning of the cardiovascular system in workers in any field, including workers in locomotive crews. Aim. To assess the hemodynamic parameters of the cardiovascular system in workers of locomotive crews who had a coronavirus infection, depending on the severity of the course and the presence of risk factors. Research methods. The study included 20 male employees of locomotive crews, aged 35 to 50, who had COVID‑19. Depending on the severity of the course and risk factors, the workers were divided into 2 groups: the 1st group consisted of workers who had a moderate course of COVID‑19 and had risk factors: smoking, increased body weight, increased blood pressure; Group 2 consisted of workers who had mild COVID‑19 without risk factors. The employees underwent Doppler echocardiography, and the outpatient records of the employees were also studied. Registration of echocardiography, blood pressure, heart rate was carried out before the disease and 9‑12 months after the new coronavirus infection. Results. In workers of the 1st group (moderate course), in contrast to the indicators of the 2nd group, initial signs of remodeling of the cavity of the left ventricle were revealed, due to a slight increase in the linear dimensions of the heart (final systolic size, final diatolic size, interventricular septum), with intact ejection fraction, but with the formation of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction of type 1. When comparing the indicators of the 1st and 2nd groups in the post-COVID period, an increase in blood pressure and an increase in heart rate were revealed. Сonclusion. The development of post-COVID changes in the cardiovascular system depends on the severity of the course of COVID‑19, as well as the presence of a risk factor. The study found that in moderate course, structural and functional changes were revealed, with preserved systolic function of the myocardium of the left ventricle. Workers who have undergone moderate NCVI need to be monitored by therapeutic and diagnostic specialists in order to control and prevent the development of new cardiovascular disorders.
ADAPTATION OF DENTISTS TO MODERN CLINICAL ADMISSION CONDITIONS AND JUSTIFICATION OF MEASURES FOR VISUAL DISORDERS PREVENTION
Authors:   FSBEI HE «St. Petersburg State University», Danilova N.B. , Pavlova S.G. ,   FSBEI HE «St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sokolovich N.A.
Published: September 2023

Currently, the conditions of clinical dental admission are characterized by the combined effect of various factors of the industrial environment of an infectious and non-infectious nature, which adversely affect the health of dentists, lead to the breakdown of adaptation mechanisms, make it difficult or impossible for them to continue their professional activities. Moreover, the most important place is occupied by the impact on the visual analyzer. The implementation of specific preventive measures aimed at preventing the development of visual disorders is a necessary component of modern algorithms for the work of dentists.
EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF OSTEOPENIA X-RAY SIGNS IN GROUPS OF DIABETES DEVELOPMENT RISK IN MINING WORKERS
Authors:   FSBSI «Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health», Druzhinin V.N. , Suvorov V.G. , Rumyantseva O.I.
Published: September 2023

Reduction of diabetes risks in capable to work population is one of the most important health problems because delayed diagnosis may cause its progressing and development of complications in target organs, among them bone tissues are of special concern. Due to this research of methods and techniques which may facilitate diagnosis of osteoporosis, in particular, and especially its early osteopenia manifestations, are actual at the moment. Up-to-date methods of x-ray diagnosis of bone density characteristics can significantly reduce subjectivity in assessing changes in patients at risk including initial diabetes stages such as prediabetes and concealed diabetes. This study deals with x-ray diagnosis techniques due to osteopenia development in diabetes patients based on new methodological approaches for parametric assessment of bone density at all stages of monitoring.
DELAYED CYTOLOGICAL DISORDERS IN THE MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE NASAL CAVITY IN WOMEN WORKING IN CHRYSOTILE-ASBESTOS PRODUCTION
Authors:   The scientific-research sanitary-hygienic laboratory of the Institute of Public Health and Professional Health of NC JSC «Medical University of Karaganda», Zharylkassyn Z.Z. , Sabirov Z.B. , Shadetova A.Z.
Published: September 2023

The article presents data on the cytological status of the nasal mucosa (NMS) in trainee female workers exposed to chrysotile-asbestos-containing dust and previously worked at this enterprise. The purpose of the study was to evaluate long-term cytological changes in the nasal mucosa in women working at the chrysotile — asbestos production of Kostanay Minerals JSC. An important methodological approach in determining the cytological composition of the nasal secretion is the study of the rhinocytogram. As a result of the study, tendencies to destructive changes in neutrophils and epithelial cells were found in workers with long experience in contact with chrysotile-containing dust. An increase in the number of macrophages was revealed, indicating an increase in the phagocytic activity of immunocompetent cells and activation of cellular immunity in female workers in the contact period.
HYGIENIC APPROACHES TO CORPORATE PROGRAMS FORMATION FOR WORKERS’ HEALTH PRESERVATION
Authors:   FBSI «F.F. Erisman Federal Research Center for Hygiene» of Rospotrebnadzor, Zheglova A.V.
Published: September 2023

The health of workers is determined not only by the risks present in the workplace, but also by social and individual factors, as well as the availability and quality of medical care. In order to develop corporate programs to preserve the health of various professional groups, the study of working conditions, socio-demographic factors, lifestyle characteristics, morbidity, clinical and functional examination and neuropsychological testing of 658 workers in the industrial and non-industrial spheres was carried out. Priority factors contributing to the development of various health disorders have been identified. Differentiated approaches to the formation of preventive programs for each professional group have been developed and their effectiveness has been shown.
EXPERIENCE OF USING THE MEDICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM QMS IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF PROFESSIONAL ONCOPATHOLOGY IN THE KRASNOYARSK REGIONAL CENTER OF OCCUPATIONAL PATHOLOGY
Authors:   KGBUZ «Regional Clinical Hospital», Zakharinskaya O.N. , Korchagin E.E. , Cherkashin O.A.
Published: September 2023

The use of the qMS medical information system expands the possibilities of diagnosing occupational malignant neoplasms using two criteria: a carcinogenically dangerous enterprise and a diagnosis of a malignant neoplasm (ICD 10). The conclusion of an agreement between the KGBUZ «Regional Clinical Hospital» and the KGBUZ «Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary named after A.I. Kryzhanovsky» on cooperation in identifying persons with suspected occupational malignancies using the qMS MIS, consisting in automated information exchange between information systems belonging to each of the parties, makes it possible to solve a socially significant task detection and diagnosis of occupational malignant neoplasms.
THE COMET-ASSAY IN ASSESSING THE GENOTOXICITY OF THE PROFESSIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF VEHICLE DRIVERS IN A LARGE CITY
Authors:   FBSI «Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Hygiene and Occupational Pathology» of Rospotrebnadzor, Irkaeva A.M. , Zhukova E.S. , Pozdnyakova M.A.
Published: September 2023

With the development of urban agglomerations, there is an intensification of transport links that have a complex adverse effect on the population health. For some of the harmful factors, the source of which are cars and highways with heavy traffic, a genotoxic effect is shown. Among residents of large cities, professional drivers of vehicles are the most at risk, since their working environment is directly related to a long stay on the roads.
EXPERIMENTAL SUBSTANTIATION OF A NEW APPROACH TO THE TREATMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL PULMONARY EDEMA THROUGH THE USE OF PERFLUOROCARBON LIQUIDS
Authors:   FSBSI «Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health», Isabekov N.R. , Tonshin A.A. , Bonitenko E.U.
Published: September 2023

There are more than 3,600 chemically hazardous facilities in the Russian Federation, 146 cities with of more than 100 thousand citizens are located in chemically hazardous zones. In 2021, the share of occupational diseases associated with exposure to industrial chemical factors amounted to 14.8% of all newly identified occupational diseases. The inhalation route of receipt of industrial chemicals is the main one in production. When inhaling toxic substances, lung damage occurs with the development of acute lung damage, and then acute respiratory distress syndrome, followed by its transition to the terminal stage — the alveolar stage of pulmonary edema. With the development of the alveolar stage of pulmonary edema, currently existing treatment methods are ineffective, as a result, mortality at this stage can reach 90%. A promising area of pulmonary edema therapy is the development and introduction into clinical practice of new methods, among which the attention of specialists is increasingly attracted by liquid artificial lung ventilation. Methods. The model is based on acute chemical damage to the respiratory tract by hydrochloric acid by intratracheal administration to laboratory rats. Two groups of adult male rats were selected, six rats in each group. Group 1 served as control, group 2 was the experimental group. Both groups were injected with 0.1 M hydrochloric acid intratracheally at a rate of 2 ml/kg, after which they were connected to artificial lung ventilation, recording heart rate and Spo2. The control group was observed until the death of the animal. In the experimental group, with a decrease in Spo2 below 80, a bronchoalveolar lavage procedure was performed using 2 ml of perfluorocarbon liquid. Results. As a result, it was found that after each performed bronchoalveolar lavage with perfluorocarbon liquid, it was possible to remove from 1.5 to 2.5 ml of edematous fluid from the lower respiratory tract. It was also noted that the average lifespan of rats in group 2 was 51.6 minutes, while in group 1 the average lifespan of rats was 34.1 minutes. Conclusions. The use of bronchoalveolar lavage with perfluorocarbon liquid in the alveolar stage of pulmonary edema in rats increases life expectancy, raises saturation and reduces the amount of edematous fluid in the airways.
COMPARATIVE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC STUDY OF TRAINED WORKERS OF THE MAIN PROFESSIONS OF THE COAL AND ALUMINUM INDUSTRY
Authors:   FSBSI «Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases», Korotenko O.Yu. , Filimonov E.S. , Panev N.I.
Published: September 2023

The coal mining and metallurgical industries are characterized by the presence of harmful production factors, the negative effects of which, in concentrations exceeding the maximum permissible levels, can lead to myocardial remodeling and impaired heart function. The objective of the study — conduct a comparative echocardiographic study in trained workers in the main professions of the coal and aluminum industries. Material and methods. The study included 62 miners and 42 workers of the main professions of aluminum production with more than 20 years of work experience in hazardous working conditions, aged 40‑55 years (p=0.190). The subjects did not have any somatic pathology that could lead to structural and functional changes in the heart. All underwent echocardiography according to the standard technique with automatic calculation of the global longitudinal deformation of the left ventricle. Results. There were no differences between the geometric parameters of the left parts of the heart between the groups. Lower values of the ejection fraction of the left ventricle and its longitudinal deformation were found in aluminum industry workers (p=0.037 and p=0.0062). The average speed of the mitral ring also turned out to be significantly lower in metallurgists (p=0.00007). A decrease in longitudinal deformation of the left ventricle was found in 14.5% of miners and 26.8% of metallurgists, p=0.122. There were no significant differences in the parameters of diastolic function of the left ventricle. Conclusion. Indicators of contractile function of the left ventricle in workers of the aluminum industry were significantly lower compared to those in miners, which indicates the need for preclinical diagnosis of left ventricular systolic dysfunction, dynamic monitoring and timely prevention.
PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF FUNCTIONAL ABNORMALITIES IN THE BODY OF STUDENTS WORKING IN MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS AT NIGHT
Authors:   FSFEI HE «Kazan State Medical University», Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnoshchekova V.N. , Kondratiev A.A.
Published: September 2023

Senior students, wanting to gain practical experience, often start working. Due to training during the daytime, they get evening and night hours of part-time work. The negative effect of working at night on the state of the body is known through a number of studies, but its effect on the body of students as an additional activity and nervous and emotional stress of the functional systems of the body and, above all, the central nervous system, has not been studied. The purpose of this study is to identify changes in the psychophysiological state of students studying as a result of working at night in comparison with groups working in the daytime or in the evening, and students who do not have a job. Objects and methods of research — 3 groups of students of 10 people, from 22 to 25 years old, working at night, daytime and evening after classes and only studying during the day. The survey was conducted using the SF‑36 Health Status Survey questionnaire, reflecting the physical and psychological components of the subjects’ health. Psychophysiological testing was carried out using the computer complex «NS-Psychotest». At this stage of research, it can be concluded that there is a difference in the psychophysiological state between students working at night, working during the day and not having employment. Students working at night had lower indicators of both the «Physical» and «Psychological» components of health. In terms of body mass index (BMI), the difference between the groups of students surveyed was insignificant. The average daily blood pressure in the group of students engaged at night was more often higher than the age norm. According to the Horn-Osborne test, 80% of the surveyed students working at night were of the «pigeons» and «owls» types.
LIVER MORPHOLOGY CHANGES UNDER WHOLE BODY VIBRATION EXPOSURE
Authors:   FSBEI HE «Northern State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Rasputin P.G. , Krivonkin K.Y. , Shirinzade F.N. ,   FSBEI HE «Kirov State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation,   SBHI «Children’s city polyclinic No. 148», Department of Health
Published: September 2023

The aim of investigation was to study experimental animals liver morphological changes caused by exposure to regular general vibration for 10 and 30 days, in dynamics as a model, respectively, of I‑II and II‑III stages of human vibration disease. The main method of liver preparations study was light microscopy. The main content includes a comparative review (exposure 10 and 30 days) of histological examination of liver preparations on the 1st, 7th and 14th days after the cessation of vibration. The main attention is paid to differences in dynamics of changes between short and long periods of general vibration exposure. Scientific novelty lies in the dynamic study of vibration effects on animals, as well as in comparing the effects on animals of short and long periods of general vibration. As a result, the authors found an adverse effect of general vibration, manifested in degenerating hepatocytes increase, the appearance of leukocyte infiltration and necrosis, in both experimental groups; at the same time, it was revealed that, in general, these pathological changes were statistically significantly more pronounced in animals subjected to longer vibration.
GENETIC POLYMORPHISM OF CYTOKINES FOR OCCUPATIONAL BRONCHO OBSTRUCTIVE DISEASES DEVELOPMENT RISK AND PROGNOSIS ASSESSMENT
Authors:   FSBSI «Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health», Kuzmina L.P. , Khotuleva A.G. , Kolyaskina M.M.
Published: September 2023

One of the significant systems in the pathogenesis of lung diseases is the system of cytokines. Genetic polymorphism of cytokines can be associated with different levels of cytokine production when exposed to a stimulus of the same intensity in response to antigenic irritation, or tissue damage, which can determine individual sensitivity to chemicals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms of cytokine genes with the development and severity of occupational bronchoobstructive diseases, taking into account the specifics of occupational factors. Materials and methods. Examined groups: COPD from exposure to welding aerosol (n=32), asthma from exposure to high-molecular allergens of organic origin (n=31), from exposure to low-molecular chemical allergens (n=37), from exposure to metal-allergens (n=68), group comparison — without lung diseases (n=200). Genotyping of polymorphisms TNF-α G308A, IL‑6 С174G, IL‑4 С589Т, IL‑10 G1082A was carried out. Results. The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of the TNF-α gene with the development of occupational asthma from exposure to low-molecular chemical allergens (OR=2.043; 95% CI 1.050‑3.975), the association of IL‑10 gene with the development of COPD from exposure to welding aerosol (OR=2.653; 95% CI 1.211‑5.815) was determined, the IL‑6 gene — with the severity of asthma from exposure to low-molecular chemical allergens, the IL‑4 gene — with the severity of asthma from exposure to metal allergens. Conclusion. The differential informative value of the detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms of cytokine genes as risk markers for the development and severe course of bronchoobstructive diseases, depending on the specifics of occupational factors, was determined.
CHANGES IN SCREENING MARKERS OF THE IMMUNE STATUS OF WORKERS AT A LEAD RECYCLING PLANT
Authors:   FSBSI «Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health», Kuzmina L.P. , Tsidilkovskaya E.S. , Khotuleva A.G.
Published: September 2023

The problem of the adverse effect of lead on human health currently remains relevant, especially in occupational medicine. One of the targets of the toxic effect of lead is the immune system, which determines the relevance of research aimed at assessing the immune status of workers in contact with lead and its compounds. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the screening markers of the immune status (leukocyte parameters, immunoglobulins of classes A, M, G) in workers of a lead recycling plant. Materials and methods. The main group — 49 employees of the plant for the recycling of lead-containing products with a length of service of 7 (3; 9) years, the control group — 23 men working without contact with harmful occupational factors. A laboratory examination was carried out, including the study of the blood lead level, ALA in the urine, leukocyte counts and immunoglobulins of classes A, M, G. Results. An inverse correlation was found between the level of IgA in workers of a lead recycling plant with length of service (r=–0.393, p=0.005) in the absence of age dependence, with the blood lead level (r=-0.313, p=0.027). Also, the dependence of the levels of immunoglobulins of classes A, M, G on the concentration of ALA in the urine was revealed: at the level of ALA in the urine ≥20 μmol/gCR, the levels of immunoglobulins are significantly lower than at ALA <20 μmol/gCR. Conclusion. The revealed trend towards a decrease in humoral immunity with higher ALA values in the urine, a decrease in IgA with an increase in length of service indicate the effect of lead and its compounds on the state of humoral immunity and determine the significance of studying changes in IgA, IgM and IgG in dynamics in workers of a lead recycling plant for optimization of preventive measures.
ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR ANGIODYSTONIC VASCULAR SYNDROME OF UPPER EXTREMITIES IN OCCUPATIONAL POLYNEUROPATHIES
Authors:   FBSI «North-West Scientific Center for Hygiene and Public Health», Kuprina N.I. , Shilov V.V. ,   FSBEI HE «North-Western State Medical University named I.I. Mechnikov» Ministry of Health of Russia, Nikanov A.N.
Published: September 2023

Occupational polyneuropathies in the modern world occupy one of the leading places among all occupational pathologies and are an urgent problem for workers employed in such professions as miners, grinders, woodcutters, etc. early detection of the development of an angodystonic syndrome in patients with occupational polyneuropathy of the upper extremities. In occupational polyneuropathies of the upper extremities, an increase in the rigidity of the vascular wall of the forearm with a decrease in speed indicators was revealed. Thus, the revealed increase in peripheral resistance in the arteries of the forearm, together with a decrease in the peak systolic blood flow velocity at the level of the forearm, leads to prolonged ischemia of the surrounding peripheral tissues of the forearms and hands. The consequence of this is the aggravation of the clinical picture and the manifestation of a more pronounced ischemic syndrome.
FEATURES OF PHYSICAL STATE, ACTIVITY AND AGING RATE OF MEDICAL TEACHERS OF PRE-PENSION AND PENSION AGE
Authors:   FSBEI HE «Volgograd State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Latyshevskaya N.I. , Belyaeva A.V.
Published: September 2023

In connection with the increase in the proportion of teachers of pre-retirement and retirement age in the country’s universities, combined with their human resources, the goal was to study the gender characteristics of the physical condition and the rate of aging of teachers of pre-retirement and retirement age of a medical university. 169 people were examined. 55‑70 years old. Anthropometric, functional measurements were carried out, the level of physical condition, adaptive potential was assessed, the coefficient of aging rate, biological age were calculated. Significant differences in morphological and functional status (with the risk of developing diseases of the cardiovascular system in men) were revealed. There are significantly more cases of obesity among women, which explains the differences in the rate of aging, which was higher among women. The data indicate the need to study the characteristics of health, the performance of teachers of pre-retirement and retirement age, and the development of measures aimed at increasing the quality of professional longevity of the elderly.
DEPENDENCE OF PUBLICATION ACTIVITY IN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH ON THE TYPE OF SCIENTIFIC PAPERS
Authors:   FSBSI «Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health», Lysukhin V.N. , Budaragin V.E.
Published: September 2023

The brief analysis of the application of publication activity indicators of scientific and educational organizations in the field of occupational health based on a multi-level study of scientometric data of the RSCI system. For the purpose of this analysis, based on the data of the Russian Scientific Citation Index (RSCI), as the main database of domestic publications, a comparison of publication activity in the field of occupational health for all the years recorded in the RSCI and for the 5‑year period — 2016‑2020 on scientific publications of 14 specialized research Institutions and 9 medical Universities with departments of occupational health/occupational deseases. From the analyzed data array, most of the scientific publications relate to medical universities, and a smaller part to research institutes (254 953 and 30 473). Nevertheless, in medical universities it is much less common than in research institutes to note publications that are precisely included in the field of occupational health, and their quantitative preponderance in publications is due to the versatility of educational institutions. This determines the continuation of the analysis in terms of a more detailed consideration of the topics of the publications themselves.
SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS, CAUSES AND MECHANISMS (REVIEW)
Authors:   FSBEI HE «Ye.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University», Malyutina N.N. , Shilkova O.U. ,   PHI «Perm Clinical Hospital «Russian Railways-Medicine»
Published: September 2023

The article presents materials on the relevance and the prevalence of sudden cardiac death with the description of epidemiological data, risk factors, causes and the mechanisms of its development. Purpose: To analyze the reported data on the prevalence, causes, risk factors and the main pathogenetic mechanisms of sudden cardiac death. Conclusion: Sudden cardiac death is a global problem of modern medicine.This issue is particularly relevant for the workers of the working age. Cardiovascular mortality in Russia is one of the highest in the world. Therefore, we have identified and summarized the data on its distribution, causes and risk factors, as well as generalized pathogenetic mechanisms of its development for the reproduction of its patterns and creation of the prognosis concerning the various occupational groups.
Motion and Object Recognition for Crime Prediction and Forecasting: A Review
Authors: V Viswanatha
Published: September 2023

It is fascinating to see how technology is beingused to monitor and detect potential threats in our society.Therefore, we propose an algorithm to build a system which detects crime in public places. To overcome this issue and to prevent it, the development of automated surveillance systems which can detect violent, abusive, and abnormal behaviour in public is an ensuring step towards public safety.Additionally, crucial to remember is that feature extraction and detection and motion techniques play a crucial role inviolence detection and such techniques help to identifyspecific patterns and behaviors that are indicative ofviolence and enable the automated system to recognize and respond to such events. Through this we can Prevent violent incidents by enabling early intervention, help lawenforcement agencies and other organizations to betterunderstand the patterns and helps understand factors that contribute to violent behavior.
Perilaku Organisasi
Authors: novianti Diah dwi
Published: September 2023

• Perilaku adalah tindakan atau perbuatan baik itu yang dilakukan oleh seseorang/Tim/Organisasi, yang mana aktivitas dan tindakannya dapat diamati dan bahkan dipelajari.• Organisasi adalah kelompok orang yang saling berinteraksi, bekerja sama, melakukan aktivitas yang berkaitan satu sama lain untuk mencapai berbagai tujuan-tujuan yang ditetapkan oleh organisasi.• Perilaku Organisasi adalah kajian tentang apa yang orang pikirkan, rasakan, dan lakukan baik itu di dalam maupun sekitar organisasi, yang akan mempengaruhi aktivitas orang tersebut dalam organisasi.
LINC01304 is differentially expressed in central nervous system metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2023

Metastasis to the brain occurs in a significant fraction of patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published RNA-sequencing and microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that CTXND1, encoded by LINC01304, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. LINC01304 RNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Expression of LINC01304 in primary tumors was correlated with patient distant metastasis-free survival. Modulation of LINC01304 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
NTMT1 is differentially expressed in central nervous system metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2023

Metastasis to the brain occurs in a significant fraction of patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published RNA-sequencing and microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that N-terminal Xaa-Pro-Lys N-methyltransferase 1, encoded by NTMT1, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. NTMT1 mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Expression of NTMT1 in primary tumors was correlated with overall and recurrence-free survival. Modulation of NTMT1 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
VWA1 is differentially expressed in central nervous system metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2023

Metastasis to the brain occurs in a significant fraction of patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published RNA-sequencing and microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that von Willebrand factor A domain-containing 1, encoded by VWA1, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. VWA1 mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Expression of VWA1 in primary tumors was correlated with patient distant metastasis-free and recurrence-free survival. Modulation of VWA1 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Investigating the links between ethical, social and environmental accounting and strategic management practices through enterprise modelling: technical report
Authors: España Sergio , Thorsteinsdottir Gudrun , Ramautar Vijanti , Pastor Óscar
Published: September 2023

Enterprise modelling has been used traditionally to elicit and document phenomena related to organisations. It has proven to be valueble within research and industry projects in the domains of enterprise engineering and information systems engineering. Yet, in this work, we apply enterprise modelling as a research method to investigate the links between ethical, social and environmental accounting (a.k.a. sustainability reporting) and strategic management practices. Such links have been theorised or anecdotically reported in scientific literature within the fields of sustainability management, accounting, corporate social responsibility, and corporate governance. But, to date, there has been no rigorous investigation into the concrete ways in which both practices interrelate. In this work, we conduct six literature-based case studies and five observational case studies within large companies, applying enteprise modelling to reveal the links between sustainability reporting and strategic management and document them. We have found evidences in all case studies, demonstrating that such form of accounting has value for stragegic management, who uses the reported results to steer the company and determine organisational policies. Strategic managers also provide input that the accounting department uses to adapt the ethical, social and environmental accounting method to the needs of strategic managers. These results open up new avenues of research in sustainability reporting, and supports our claim that enterprise modelling is a valid and useful research method beyond enterprise and information systems engineering.
Salivary Biomarkers to aid Clinical Decision Making in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Voice-Powell Amabelle , Kara Stephen , Pedersen Mangor
Published: September 2023

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is an increasing issue causing significant health, economic and societal impacts worldwide. Mild TBI (mTBI), the most common type of TBI, often presents with resolving symptoms and no gross pathological changes that a clinical-grade CT scan can detect. However, in some cases of mTBI, short and long-term neurological consequences prevail. Currently, no objective measures are available to assist clinicians in diagnosing mTBI. Identifying biomarkers and analyzing their concentration in saliva is a non-invasive and cost-effective method likely to aid in diagnosing and treating mTBI. Our panel of seven target biomarkers, meticulously selected to measure underlying axonal injury, glial damage, and neuroinflammation in the brain following mTBI, shows promise in improving clinical practice. The biomarker panel includes nerve tissue proteins: neurofilament light (NfL), Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100β) and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP); cytokines: Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNFα) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6); and acute phase protein C-reactive protein (CRP). The successful validation of the biomarker panel may hold the power to help clinical decision making in mTBI, thus improving patient care, and collectively minimising the global burden of TBI.
Fictitious Conspiracy, Paranormal, and Pseudoscience Beliefs are Closely Related to Their Regular Counterparts
Authors: Alper Sinan , Elcil Tuğçenaz , Karaca Nazif , Bayrak Fatih , Yilmaz Onurcan
Published: September 2023

Belief in various types of Epistemically Suspect Beliefs (ESBs), including conspiracy theories, paranormal phenomena, and pseudoscientific claims, is known to strongly correlate. In our research, we developed a scale for Fictitious Epistemically Suspect Beliefs (FESBs), comprising entirely new and fabricated assertions related to conspiracy, the paranormal, and pseudoscience. In Study 1, using a Turkish sample of 448 participants, we discovered that FESBs and ESBs were closely related, despite FESBs consisting of less familiar claims. Additionally, both FESBs and ESBs demonstrated similar associations with individual differences in worldview and cognitive sophistication. These findings were replicated in a larger Turkish sample (N = 786) in Study 2, and in a UK sample (N = 746) in Study 3. The results suggest that some individuals possess a general predisposition to believe in ESBs, even when presented with unfamiliar claims they have never encountered before.
Region-specific endogenous brain rhythms and their role for speech and language
Authors: Rimmele Johanna , Keitel Anne
Published: September 2023

Brain rhythms at different timescales are observed ubiquitously across cortex. Despite this ubiquitousness, individual brain areas can be characterized by ‘spectral profiles’, which reflect distinct patterns of endogenous brain rhythms. Crucially, endogenous brain rhythms have often been explicitly or implicitly related to perceptual and cognitive functions. Regarding language, a vast amount of research investigates the role of brain rhythms for speech processing. Particularly, lower-level processes, such as speech segmentation and consecutive syllable encoding and the hemispheric lateralization of such processes, have been related to auditory cortex brain rhythms in the theta and gamma range and explained by neural oscillatory models. Other brain rhythms —particularly delta and beta— have been related to prosodic processing (delta) but also higher-level language processing, including phrasal and sentential processing. Delta and beta brain rhythms have also been related to predictions from the motor cortex, emphasizing the tight link between production and perception. More recently, neural oscillatory models were extended to include different levels of language processing. Attempts to directly relate these brain rhythms observed during task-related processing to endogenous brain rhythms are sparse. In summary, many questions remain: the functional relevance of brain rhythms with respect to speech and language continues to be a subject of heated discussion, and research that systematically links endogenous brain rhythms to specific computations and possible algorithmic implementations is rare.
The Tell-Tale Heart: Interoceptive Precision and Ecological Fear Experiences
Authors: Allen Micah
Published: September 2023

Psychological theory has long suggested that interoception, or the perception of internal bodily states, plays a pivotal role in the emergence of emotions. More recent proposals suggest that interoceptive precision may specifically contribute to the amplification of fear. Although numerous laboratory studies have demonstrated connections between heart-brain interactions and emotional stimuli processing, no research has yet examined the role of interoceptive processing in real-world experiences of intense, recreational fear. In this study, we explored the relationship between cardiac interoception and ecological fear by conducting a field experiment in 265 participants, assessing their subjective fear ratings and self-reported somatic anxiety symptoms immediately before and after an immersive haunted house experience. We quantified participants' cardiac interoception using a Bayesian psychophysical method that distinguishes interoceptive sensitivity, precision, and metacognitive calibration. Our findings revealed that baseline fear and anxiety were positively associated with heart rate overestimation, while underestimation of fear (i.e., fear prediction error) correlated with enhanced interoceptive precision. We further found that ambulatory heart-rate variability measurements recording during the ride correlated positively with felt fear and anxiety symptoms. These results underscore the close inter-linkage of interoceptive precision and real-world fear experiences.