bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community Perception of Activation Sirine Tsunami in Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar
Authors: Idzni Khairina , Abubakar Yusya
Published: September 2019

After the earthquake and tsunami in Aceh on December 26, 2004, the government has developed an early warning system calledInaTEWS (Indonesia Tsunami Early Warning System) using a tsunami siren that aims to build community capacity to prepare and take action on tsunami hazards. The purpose of this study was to determine public knowledge, the benefits of siren activation, sound range and public perception of tsunami siren activation. Data collection uses descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods with instruments in the form of a validated questionnaire. Respondents involved were people who lived within a radius of 1 km, 2 km, and 3 km from the tsunami siren point. H asyl research shows that people's perceptions of tsunami siren activation vary , with the level of community knowledge being classified as good (with an average value of 77 , 25 %), as well as the benefits of tsunami siren activation being considered good by the community (with an average rating of 76 , 05%). The range of siren sounds is still quite sufficient (with an average value of 74 , 44 %) and the average public perception of siren activation as a whole is 76% with a good category. Even though the category is good, the average score is not maximal yet. Therefore, to increase knowledge and benefit from tsunami siren activation, awareness and care from the community must be raised. The government must also continue to deliver disaster information on an ongoing basis so that the community can fully understand the function of the tsunami siren.
Investment of Islamic Based Cultural Values in Learning Social Knowledge Science
Authors: Jamaludin Ujang , Akbar Ma'ruf , Sumantri Mohamad Syarif
Published: September 2019

This study aims to gain an in-depth understanding of the integration of Islamic-based cultural values in social science learning material in the high class; and gain an in-depth understanding of the inculcation of Islamic-based cultural values through approaches, methods and techniques of learning Social Sciences in the high class; get an in-depth understanding of the inculcation of Islamic-based cultural values through the use of social science learning media in the high class, get an in-depth evaluation of the planting of Islamic-based cultural values through learning Social Sciences in the upper classes. class and obtain in-depth information about the internalization of Islamic-based cultural values by high-class students. This research uses a qualitative approach with ethnographic methods.
Social Movement based on Religiosity as a New Model of Social Movements in Jakarta (The 212 Social Movement in Jakarta 2016)
Authors: Badrun Ubedilah
Published: September 2019

Social movements can be understood as a group of people organized in self-awareness that continuously challenges the existing system and values. This study aims to read the phenomenon of the 212 Movement (2016) in Jakarta, Indonesia using the perspective of the theory of social movements (1848-2013). This research used qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data collected through observation, interviews and analysis of literatures and news media. This case study found the Movement 212 was able to mobilize millions of people including the category of the Social movement Based on Religiosity because militancy that mingled with voluntary attitudes that were seen in the behavior of the figures and the mass of the action. The religious basis is the main motive for the new social movement 212. The 295.8 km long march carried out by the Ciamis community led by K.H. Nonop Hanafi towards the Jakarta National Monument which later inspired the Bogor and Bekasi people to do the same is a fact of militancy and voluntary which is carried out with a high and sincere awareness on the basis of their religiosity. There are five main actors of this movement, K. H. Nonop Hanafi, Bachtiar Nasir, Muhammad Zaitun Rasmin, Muhammad Alkhathath, and Habieb Rizieq Shihab. This movement has a semi-moderate Islamic ideology with the Islamic model Ahlussunnah Waljama'ah. The implication of this research is the New social movement 212 can uphold Islamic values by upholding the law against what they call the Islamic oppressors. And the other side, the New social movement 212 can be strengthening ukhuwah Islamiyah (Islamic brotherhood), ukhuwah wathoniyah (nationalism), and demanding justice for all the people of Indonesia.
Implementation of Notary Prudence Principle in the Cooperative’s Deed of Establishment
Authors: Saputra Gede Wiyadhi Darma , Rodliyah Rodliyah , Pria Suhartana Lalu Wira
Published: September 2019

Notary has important role, especially in civil law by authority to make authentic deeds and other authorities. The notary need to be cautious and has the right or obligation to explore and extract information so the deed is perfect.  In Cooperative establishment, authentic deed made by a notary, has power as a perfect evidence. However, when the authentic deed is made without prudence, chance that legal problem will arise in the future. We want to know, how is the prudence principle implemented in the cooperative’s deed of establishment in Indonesia and what is the legal consequences faced by notary when violating the prudence principle in making cooperative’s deed of establishment. We conducted a qualitative research through literature which resuted Indonesian law requires a notary to apply the prudence principle in carrying out position, such as identify the cooperative founder, checking object of the deed, giving a grace period in the working out, conduct counseling and coaching to prospective members before the cooperative deed is made. When a Notary is proven to have committed violation in carrying out duties and positions, they may be subject to criminal, civil, and administrative sanctions. The notary may be sued for reimbursement, compensation and interest, when neglegance,  which lead the deed they made only has the power of proof or as a private deed, cancelation, or having legal defect so the deed loses its authenticity and is detrimental to the parties concerned.
The Implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility through Festival Ketoprak Pelajar Event at CV Amigo Mangesti Utomo, Klaten, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Ayuningtyas Fitria , Saputra Windhi Tia , Yogasara Samuel
Published: September 2019

Festival Ketoprak Pelajar event is a phenomenon that is quite unique when the rampant society with new media. Amigo Group initiated corporate social responsibility (CSR) which is divided into 2 (two) namely CSR Social and CSR Culture. Festival Ketoprak Pelajar is an event of Amigo Peduli Budaya initiated by Amigo Group. The purpose of holding an event is to continue to maintain the relationship between the company and the customer can stay well maintained. The purpose of this study is to know how the Implementation of Public Relations in Corporate Social Responsibility activities through Festival Ketoprak Pelajar event at Amigo Group. The theory used this time is Relationship Management theory, refers to the process of management relationship between the organization with internal and external public. While the method used by the author is qualitative, with case study approached. The results of this study explain the process of public relations work programs applied to companies that do not have a public relations division in particular and also without the help of the public relations agencies that exist.
Ecotourism Development in Balekambang City Park, Surakarta, Central Java Indonesia
Authors: Chanthavong Xaixana , M. Hum Warto, , Sudardi Bani
Published: September 2019

This research is qualitative research. It emphasizes understanding the meaning of the observed phenomenon. The research aims are to determine the ecotourism development in Balekambang. Furthermore, the researchers want to obtain the ecotourism development principles that have been developed in Balekambang as a city park. The data were collected from interviews, observation, documentation, and analysis related documents. They were analyzed by interactive model: data reduction, data presentation, and draw the conclusions which are done by cycle. The results show that tourism development in Balekambang park does not completely follow the ecotourism principles. Theses principles emphasize people's participation, education, caring, and preservation of the environment. The park management is still limited to the conventional approach by doing paid performances which give an economic benefit. The ecotourism approach is needed to do in Balekambang to keep the preservation of the environment and give benefits for people.
Legal Education in Indonesia Towards an Industrial Revolution 4.0
Authors: Asikin Zainal
Published: September 2019

This study aims to uncover and explore the role of legal education in Indonesia in preparing skilled workers in facing the industrial era 4.0. The method used in this study is a normative method with a legislative approach and a historical approach. The results showed the need for a Diploma in Law Education (D4) specifically to educate Applied Bachelor candidates in the field of law that were prepared to be professionals in their respective fields (lawyers, prosecutors, judges and others). Applied Bachelor (D4) is specifically given practical legal material and therefore graduates are not to continue to master’s level. This adopted the Juris Doctor education pattern in several Western countries. This graduate to work as an Advocate must take an examination by the Supreme Court or Advocate Organization without going through additional education / training and without having to do more internships.
Canções de protesto dos anos 1970: uma leitura semântico-discursiva da ditadura militar no Brasil
Authors: Latties Lílian
Published: September 2019

Com esse trabalho proponho analisar, do ponto de vista semântico-discursivo, algumas canções com teor de protesto, lançadas e difundidas nos anos de 1970, durante a Ditadura Militar no Brasil. Dessa forma, contextualizo os “anos de chumbo”, nos quais se deu a produção das Canções de Protesto, e discuto como estas produções assumiram um papel de resistência durante a Ditadura Militar no Brasil, a partir de um discurso poético e político. A metodologia adotada foi revisão bibliográfica fundamentada na leitura e na análise semântico-discursiva de letras de músicas com teor de protesto que tiveram repercussão nacional nos anos 1970. Assim sendo, analiso as canções: "Apesar de Você", "Cálice" e "Meu Caro Amigo" e, para tal análise, valo-me de autores como Carocha (2006) e Proença Filho (2008).
Configuração da subjetividade lírica em As Enfibraturas do Ipiranga
Authors: Uchôa Torres Luana
Published: September 2019

Este estudo discute sobre como se configura a subjetividade lírica em “As Enfibraturas do Ipiranga”, poema que encerra o livro Pauliceia Desvairada (1922) do poeta Mário de Andrade. Entendemos que as características configuradas nesse poema, tais como a dubiedade de sujeito empírico e sujeito lírico; a ficcionalização do sujeito pelo uso de máscaras; a influência dos conhecimentos musicais e da erudição do poeta, e o diálogo com a tradição literária, resumem as características do livro como um todo. Nesse sentido, investigamos como o poeta utilizou-se desses aspectos na composição do poema em questão. Para o desenvolvimento da discussão, pautamo-nos, principalmente, nos estudos de Dominique Combe (2009/2010), Benedito Nunes (1984) e João Luiz Lafetá (2004).
33 anos de lume, passando por Ilinx
Authors: Frankl Sperber Suzi
Published: September 2019

Estamos no fim do ano de 2018. O Lume já completou 33 anos de existência! Neste período houve a gestação do trabalho com o corpo do ator no Brasil, com e no Lume, a partir de hipóteses e repertório coligidos por Luís Otávio Burnier e experimentados inicialmente por Carlos Simioni, e pouco depois por Ricardo Puccetti. Foi a busca de uma linguagem. Os dois ou três anos iniciais foram de algo como “a despersonalização da mudez” da qual fala Clarice Lispector, já que havia alguns pressupostos, mas além disto uma ao mesmo tempo frenética e paciente busca de expressão – muda – do corpo pessoal, com a finalidade de atingir aspectos gerais, universais. Nos dez anos iniciais do Lume houve a criação de um vocabulário de ações físicas, uma reflexão sobre o cômico, sobre a contribuição e valorização do cotidiano, o caminho para uma dança pessoal que, com ou sem conhecimento do caminho inverso que vinha sendo feito, por exemplo, por Pina Bausch, estava sendo feito pelo Lume: o caminho do apagamento dos limites entre dança e teatro. Não creio que seja excessivo reconhecer que Luís Otávio Burnier, o fundador do Lume, fez para o teatro, no Brasil, para o Brasil e para fora dele, aquilo que um Meyerhold, que um Stanislavski, que um Grotowski, Eugenio Barba fizeram para o teatro em suas terras, projetando-se para o mundo. Costumamos, nós, brasileiros, valorizar muito o que vem de fora. Eu, uma típica brasileira chamada SFS, reconheçoem Luís Otávioum valor paralelo ao dos grandes teorizadores do teatro. Aliás, trabalho realizado por ele em apenas dez anos, infelizmente – e felizmente. Porque foi uma vida breve. E parte fundamental deste trabalho consistiu na formação de um grupo de atores. São eles, além de Carlos Simioni e Ricardo Puccetti, já mencionados, Renato Ferracini, Jesser Sebastião de Souza, Ana Cristina Colla, Raquel ScottiHirson e Naomi Silman. Só sete atores.
Early Christianity: The beyond and its beliefs
Authors: Guimarães Filipe De Oliveira
Published: September 2019

Esta pesquisa procura examinar, através de um estudo exegético no livro sagrado do Cristianismo, a crença nos lugares do além professada pelos primeiros cristãos. Provavelmente acreditavam que Deus havia preparado lugares específicos para os seres humanos, anjos caídos e nefilins. A fim de adquirir um sentido mais preciso desses locais, este artigo não apenas explora os significados de termos-chave como "Inferno" e "Céu" em suas formas gregas, mas também aborda o livro de I Enoch para lançar mais luz sobre a temática. Esta pesquisa, que é exploratória e bibliográfica, conclui que os primeiros cristãos acreditavam que havia cinco lugares além da dimensão terrestre: três que coexistem com a realidade atual e são temporários, e dois destinos escatológicos.
Detection of Spiked Fasciola hepatica Eggs in Stool Specimens Using LAMP Technique
Authors: GHODSIAN Sahar , ROUHANI Soheila , FALLAHI Shirzad , SEYYED-TABAEI Seyyed Javad , TAGHIPOUR Niloofar
Published: September 2019

Background: Fascioliasis is one of the most important food-borne worm disease caused by Fasciola sp. Parasitological diagnosis is more difficult due to the low parasite burden and a few eggs shedding of helminths. Therefore, it will be valuable to development of simple, fast and reliable diagnostic tests for detection of human and animal fascioliasis.
Methods: Infected liver collected from abattoir in Tehran, Iran in 2017. F. hepatica eggs were detached from the uterus of worms under a stereo microscope. Various numbers of eggs were spiked to 200 mgr. of negative feces samples. DNA was extracted and then target regions (nuclear IGS) were amplified by LAMP assay using six primers. Fecal specimens without egg and DNA of other helminths were used as negative controls. F. hepatica sample which confirmed by morphologic criteria and PCR- RFLP was used as positive control.
Results: LAMP products by using SYBR Green I could detect even a single egg in fecal samples which was visible by change of color from orange to green. There was no cross amplification by other helminths including; Taenia saginata, Dicrosolium dendriticum and F. gigantica.
Conclusion: LAMP seems a rapid, sensitive, cost-effective technique for detection of human fascioliasis.
Evaluation of Morphine with Imiquimod as Opioid Growth Factor Receptor or Nalmefene as Opioid Blocking Drug on Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania major in Vitro
Authors: JABARI Javad , GHAFFARIFAR Fatemeh , HORTON John , DALIMI Abdolhosein , SHARIFI Zohreh
Published: September 2019

Background: In this research, the effect of morphine on promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania major has been investigated in the presence of nalmefene as a blocking opioid drug and imiquimod as an opioid growth factor receptor.
Methods: This study was conducted at Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran in 2015-2018. Morphine with different concentration (0.1, 1, 10 and 100 1µg/ml) alone and with imiquimod (0.01, 0.1 and 1µg/ml) and nalmefene (0.1, 1 and 10 µg/ml) on promastigotes and amastigotes in macrophages and also the percentage of infected macrophages was investigated. For evaluation of the apoptosis, we used flow cytometry method. The effect of imiquimod and nalmefene on glucantime and amphotericin B as current drugs for treatment of leishmaniasis was evaluated too.
Results: The effect of morphine on promastigotes and amastigotes has a reverse relationship with its concentration. The results of flow cytometry for drug-treated promastigotes revealed that apoptosis and necrosis did not increase markedly relative to the control group. A combination of morphine and imiquimod in concentrations of 0.05, 5 and 5 µg/ml had a pronounced effect on reduction and prevention of macrophage infection with amastigotes. Morphine at a concentration of 0.1 µg/ml plays the role of adjunctive treatment. In amastigote assay we found the better results in group that get glucantime 25 µg/ml+ imiquimod 0.5 µg/ml.
Conclusion: This effect is strengthened with imiquimod and weakened with nalmefene. Using high dose morphine and nalmefene had reverse effects. They suppress immune system and had no controlling effect in macrophages amastigote infection and reduction of promastigotes.
Seroprevalence of Hydatidosis in People Referring to Refer-ence Laboratory of Gorgan, Golestan Province, Northern Iran 2017
Authors: FATHI Saman , GHASEMIKHAH Reza , MOHAMMADI Rasool , TOHIDI Farideh , SHARBATKHORI Mitra
Published: September 2019

Background: Hydatidosis is a neglected global zoonotic disease, caused by larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus in human and animal. Because of high economic and medical importance of the disease, this study was performed to find the seroprevalence of human hydatidosis in Gorgan City, Golestan Province, northern Iran.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, blood samples were collected from people referring to Reference laboratory of Golestan University of Medical sciences in 2017. A relevant questionnaire was completed for demographic data for each person. Echinococcus IgG antibody was investigated by ELISA using native antigen B. The data were analyzed using SPSS software applying logistic regression.
Results: Overall, 612 blood samples were collected. Cut-off value was considered 0.29. Sixteen cases (2.6%) were seropositive for hydatidosis. The seroprevalence of hydatidosis was 2.3% and 4.7% among males and females, respectively. There was no statistically significant correlation between the hydatidosis and investigated variables such as sex, age, tribes, residence, education, etc.
Conclusion: The prevalence of human hydatidosis shows approximately the same range as other regions of Iran. Although due to the neighboring the Mazandaran Province reported as the highest seroprevalence of hydatidosis, we expected more rate of seropositivity.
Molecular Characterization of Aquaglyceroporine: A Novel Mu-tation in LmAQP1 from Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER)
Authors: ESLAMI Gilda , GHAVAMI Maryam , MORADI Ali Reza , NADRI Hamid , AHMADIAN Salman
Published: September 2019

Background: The first line treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis is pentavalent antimony such as sodium stibogluconate (pentostam) and meglumine antimonite (glucantime). One of the most important ways to uptake the drug is by a transmembrane protein, called aquaglyceroporin encoded by Aquaglyceroprotein1 (LmAQP1). In this study, molecular characterization of LmAQP1 was reported.
Methods: Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER) promastigotes were cultured, and then DNA extraction and RNA extraction were done and followed by cDNA synthesis. Amplicons resulted from PCR and RT-PCR using specific primers were purified and sequenced. Molecular characterization was done by bioinformatically software such as BLST, ClustalW2, and RMSD.
Results: Amplicons resulted from PCR and RT-PCR showed equal size in length. BLASTn analysis showed a point nucleotide change in LmAQP1 gene that encoded 282-amino-acid long protein with a mutation at position 154 including replacement of alanine by threonine. The observed mutation in the interested gene was assessed using the above-mentioned software. The mentioned gene was submitted at GenBank, NCBI with accession number of KU514052.
Conclusion: The functional prediction of the protein encoded from LmAQP1 showed that the mentioned mutation could not affect the three-dimension structure, but it may modify the drug uptake potential of this important channel. Based on from LmAQP1 role, it seems to be an appropriate candidate for drug development. According to search through internet, this is the first report of LmAQP1 from L. major (MRHO/IR/75/ER).
Gluteal Hydatid Cyst: A Case Report
Authors: SEYEDSADEGHI Mirsalim , GHOBADI Jaffar , HAGHSHENAS Negin , HABIBZADEH Afshin
Published: September 2019

Hydatid cyst caused by Echinococcus granulosus usually involves lung and liver but can appear in other organs. We report a 29-yr-old woman presented to Fatemi Hospital, Ardabil, Iran in 2017 with progressive painful swelling of the left gluteus which in imaging showed hydatid cyst. The cyst was successfully en blocked and the patient was discharged on albendazole treatment with no recurrence in the symptoms during the first week, first and second months after surgery follow-up and in the final visit at third months. In the endemic regions, the possibility of hydatid cysts should be considered in differential diagnosis of any cystic mass.
Combined Albenazole- Praziquantel Treatment in Recurrent Brain Echinococcosis: Case Report
Authors: SKUHALA Tomislava , TRKULJA Vladimir , RUNJE Mislav , BALEN-TOPIĆ Mirjana , VUKELIĆ Dalibor , DESNICA Boško
Published: September 2019

We present a 40-year-old woman with a history of relapsing echinococcosis who had undergone a number of surgical procedures for cyst removal (right pulmectomy, cardiac surgery and 6 subsequent brain surgeries and two gamma knife procedures) and was admitted to University Hospital for Infectious Diseases “Fran Mihaljević”, Zagreb, Croatia in 2014 for pre-operative medical treatment of brain hydatidosis in the right parietal region. We aimed to attain a high cyst albendazole sulphoxide (ASO) concentration in order to achieve a more pronounced protoscolex inactivation and a high serum ASO concentration (reflecting the tissue concentrations) to reduce the risk of disease recurrence. The patient was treated with a higher dose of albendazole (15 mg/kg/day for 4 wk) that we had found effective in patients with liver hydatidosis, and combined with praziquantel over the last 14 d at a dose that is typically used to treat neurocysticercosis with an intention to improve ASO bioavailability. Neither serum nor cerebrospinal fluid concentrations on day 10 apparently differed from those on day 24 indicating a lack of an effect of praziquantel on ASO bioavailability. Intra-cystic ASO concentration was below the lower limit of quantification, but above the limit of detection. After the 7th episode of the disease and combined albendazole-praziquantel and surgery treatment, the patient achieved a 3-year remission. With the apparent lack of a meaningful pharmacokinetic praziquantel-albendazole interaction, this is most likely ascribable to the use of a higher albendazole dose than previously.
Make Headway for Echinococcosis: Take Along the Ignored Cases
Authors: KHAN Aisha , AHMED Haroon , AHMED Haroon
Published: September 2019

This article is a Letter to the Editor and does not include an Abstract.
Use of Water Quality Index and Spatial Analysis to Assess Groundwater Quality for Drinking Purpose in Ardakan, Iran
Authors: Jalili Mahrokh , Hosseini Marzieh Sadat , Ehrampoush Mohammad Hassan , Sarlak Mehdi , Abbasi Fariba , Fallahzadeh Reza Ali
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Due to water scarcity and increased water consumption during the past years, the importance of water in terms of transmission of diseases, as well as Iran's climate, groundwater aquifers are known as the most important resources of drinking water supply. Using the Water Quality Index (WQI) is considered as strong managerial tool for decision making in water resource management. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of groundwater in Ardakan for drinking purpose using WQI. Spatial analysis was conducted with the geographic information system (GIS).
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study to investigate the quality of groundwater in Ardakan for drinking purpose. Information on total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), bicarbonate (HCO3-), chlorine (CL-), sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) of 24 wells was obtained from Ardakan Health Center. The characteristics of the stations were determined using the Global Positioning System (GPS) and transmitted to the map prepared in the GIS environment. The calculated values of the WQI were zoned in the GIS environment by Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) method.
Results: Based on the WQI, well no.5 has the best quality water (17.61), which has the lowest WQI, and the highest value of WQI was obtained for well no. 20 (156.86).
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that none of wells have drinkable water, 13 wells had good quality water, and 11 wells had poor quality and should be treated for drinking.
The Efficiency of Separate and Combined Modified Electrolysis Processes and Electric Coagulation in Removing Yellow Gold Dye (Gold Yellow X-GL) from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Fallahzadeh Reza Ali , Ghadirian Davoud , Fattahi Ahmad , Amjadian Pejman , Mozaffary Samaneh , Homayonibezi Nasrin
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Disposal of the wastewater produced in the paper and paperboard industry without the refining process can add substances to the environment, which are harmful to humans, environment, and other organisms. With regard to process efficiency, the current methods used in wastewater treatment of this industry are economically unjustifiable. Therefore, in this research, the electrolysis / electrocoagulation method was investigated using a graphite / iron electrode for synthetic aqueous solutions containing golden yellow X-GL.
Materials and Methods: In this test, two Plexiglas reactors with a volume of 3 liters were used. The impact of the operation parameters such as voltage, initial dye concentration, and reaction time were investigated. Dye concentration in specimens was determined by visible spectrophotometry using DR-5000 at 438nm wavelength.
Results: In optimal conditions of voltage 12V, dye concentration 10 mg/l, and time 60 min, the removal efficiency rates of electrolysis reactors, electric coagulation, and combined reactor were 64.17%, 75.42%, and 84.19% respectively. By increasing the dye concentration and decreasing the voltage, the dye removal efficiency decreased.
Conclusion: The electric coagulation process using an iron electrode is a suitable method for removing the yellow color of colored aqueous solutions from the paper and paperboard industry.
Surveying Denitrification Efficacy in Up-Flow Packed Bed Bioreactor Operated under Heterotrophic Condition Using Autotrophic Bacteria
Authors: Neshat Ali Asghar , Gholizadeh Abdomajid , Jahed Babak , Nikvand Pouria
Published: September 2019

Introduction: The biological denitrification process is an interesting cost-effective technique to remove nitrate from water supplies. Acetic acid can be used as a carbon source in this process, but its consumption rate is a critical issue and, in some cases, it is quite different from stoichiometric constants. The current study aimed to investigate the nitrate removal in an up-flow packed bed bioreactor. Furthermore, various parameters affecting this process were investigated and optimized. In this study, the autotrophic bacteria were used for the heterotrophic process.
Materials and Methods: Initially, the autotrophic bacteria were cultured and used for the following heterotrophic conditions in distinct reactors. A pilot-scale anoxic up flow bioreactor packed was constructed using the polyethylene media and applied to remove nitrate from the aqueous environment. Consequently, the effects of hydraulic retention times (HRT) and different acetic acid concentrations as carbon source were evaluated. During the study, the amounts of alkalinity, pH, temperature, and nitrate were checked.
Results: The designed bioreactor removed an average of over 88% of nitrate, while the acetic acid consumption was 2 mg/mg NO3-N, which was lower than the stoichiometric constant for heterotrophic process. Moreover, in the three studied HRTs (1.5, 3, and 5 h), the Alkalinity increased from 14.2 to 19.8 %.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed high efficiency in nitrate removal via heterotrophic denitrification using acetic acid as carbon source for autotrophic bacteria.
"Skitouring" w Polsce. Kto, jak i dlaczego uprawia tę formę turystyki kwalifikowanej?
Authors: Jażdżewska Iwona
Published: September 2019

W artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę polskich turystów uprawiających skituring. Poszukiwano odpowiedzi na pytania: kto, jak i dlaczego uprawia tę formę turystyki? Jakie doświadczenie mają badani turyści, czy mają świadomość jej niebezpieczeństwa, czy są przygotowani teoretycznie i praktycznie do zagrożenia lawinowego. Porównano cechy społeczne i zachowania turystyczno-rekreacyjne badanych turystów z badaniami przeprowadzonymi przez GUS wśród Polaków w 2012 r.
Turystyka piesza górska w Tatrzańskim Parku Narodowym
Authors: Mokras-Grabowska Justyna
Published: September 2019

Tatrzański Park Narodowy jest najczęściej odwiedzanym parkiem narodowym w Polsce. W okresie najwyższej frekwencji (okres letni) pojawiają się tu zarówno turyści świadomi i odpowiednio przygotowani do górskiej wędrówki, jak i „przypadkowi”, kierujący się głównie bezrefleksyjną potrzebą „zaliczenia” najbardziej popularnych miejsc w najwyższych górach Polski. Artykuł opisuje specyfikę turystów pieszych górskich w Tatrzańskim Parku Narodowym w sezonie letnim, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem struktury motywacyjnej oraz kwalifikacji w zakresie turystyki aktywnej.
Barriers to Public Transportation and Employment: A National Survey of Individuals With Disabilities
Authors: Sabella Scott A. , Bezyak Jill L.
Published: September 2019

The current study investigated the relationship between public transportation barriers and employment status among a national sample of 3,218 individuals with disabilities. A web-based survey was developed out of a participatory action research program and disseminated to potential participants using the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) National Network. Approximately 89.7% of respondents reported experiencing at least one barrier to using public transportation, with an average of 3.39 (SD = 2.73) barriers per person. Individuals with disabilities who were not employed experienced significantly more barriers than those who were employed, and this difference was most prominent among those who were deaf or hard of hearing. The findings corroborate previous reports of the association between transportation and employment, but further specify that individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing may be disproportionately affected by public transportation barriers.
BOARDING TIME AND PATIENT SATISFACTION AT THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
Authors: Hasanah Uswatun , Firdausi Nurul Jannatul
Published: September 2019

Background: Delays of inpatient transfer from the Emergency Department (ED) will affect delayed care, overcrowd at ED, and patient’s disappointment. Such patient transfer delay from the Emergency Departement (ED) also occurs at Haji General Hospital, Surabaya.Aims: This study analyzed the relationship  between inpatient boarding time from Emergency Departement (ED) and patient satisfaction at Haji General Hospital, Surabaya.Methods: This was an observational research using a cross-sectional approach. The population was 980 ED patients who decided to be hospitalized. Out of 980 ED patients, the study only involved 83 respondents selected by simple random sampling. The instruments used were observational sheet and questionnaires to collect data which were then analyzed with a chi-square test.Results: Average boarding time was 142 minutes 25 seconds (minimum = 60 minutes; maximum = 290 minutes). Almost all respondents (81.3%) were satisfied about fast boarding time. Inpatient boarding time at the Emergency Departement (ED) was significantly related to patient satisfaction (p = 0.058 <α = 0.1). The faster inpatients move to ED, the more satisfied they are.Conclusion: The average patient boarding time from the Emergency Departement (ED) to Inpatient Unit was slow. Respondents were satisfied with the quality of services even though patient boarding time was slow. The hospital should pay more attention to evaluate the minimal standard of boarding time, ensure the availability of beds,  and improve the quality of facilities and services to enhance patient satisfaction. Keywords: Boarding time, Emergency Department, Inpatient, Satisfaction.
Revolução à meia-luz: trocas políticas e estéticas na parceria entre Vinicius de Moraes e Antônio Carlos “Tom” Jobim
Authors: Santos André Domingues dos
Published: September 2019

Narrada em termos de naturalidade e desinteresse pelos cronistas da bossa nova, a parceria musical do poeta Vinicius de Moraes com o compositor Antônio Carlos “Tom” Jobim, iniciada em 1956, marca uma grande novidade na interação entre intelectuais eruditos e músicos populares no Brasil. Sua estreita ligação com a política e a indústria cultural, em âmbito nacional e internacional, estabeleceu um mecanismo de trocas em que, de maneira inédita, o erudito acessou o capital específico da cultura massiva, enquanto o popular assumiu protagonismo político e estético na representação da cultura nacional.
Identificação biológica e molecular de vírus detectados em espécies de cucurbitáceas provenientes do Estado do Tocantins
Authors: Alencar Nara Edreira , Figueira Antônia dos Reis , De Almeida João Eduardo Melo , Lucas Mauricio Antônio , Dos Santos Luniara Bastos , Do Nascimento Ildon Rodrigues
Published: September 2019

As cucurbitáceas podem ser afetadas por várias doenças, dentre elas as viróticas, as quais podem provocar perdas de até 100% da produção. Devido às condições climáticas, serem favoráveis a ocorrência de viroses, o estado do Tocantins tem apresentado grande incidência dessas doenças no campo. Este trabalho foi realizado com a finalidade de identificar sorológica e molecularmente 25 isolados de abóbora e melancia coletados em diversos municípios do estado que apresentavam sintomas característicos de viroses. Catorze dos 25 isolados estudados, ou seja, 56%, foram identificados como Squash mosaic virus (SqMV), tendo sete deles sido provenientes de abóbora ‘Caserta’ e sete de melancia. Os demais isolados foram identificadoscomo Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). Ao contrário do que ocorre em outras regiões brasileiras, o SqMV foi o vírus com maior incidência nas amostras coletadas em Tocantins, indicando a sua importância para a região.
Perbandingan Metode Penentuan Kadar Permanganat dalam Air Kran Secara Titrimetri dan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis
Authors: Kurniawati Puji , Alfanah Hanik
Published: September 2019

Telah dilakukan perbandingan metode penentuan kadar permanganat dalam air kran secara titrimetri dan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Perbandingan ini dilakukan yang bertujuan untuk membandingkan metode titrasi dengan spektrofotmetri untuk penentuan kadar permanganat serta dapat menentukan kadar permanganat dalam air kran secara titrasi dan  spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Absorbansi sampel air kran diukur dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang maksimum 526 nm dan nilai kadar permanganat dihitung berdasarkan absorbansi data dan setara mol asam oksalat dengan kalium permanganat. Hasil penelitian uji kuantitatif hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa nilai kadar permanganat dengan metode titrasi  serbesar adalah 0,5724 mg/L dengan nilai % Recovery sebesar 93,19% sedangkan dengan metode spektrofotmetri diperoleh konsentrasi 0,1417 mg/L dengan % Recovery sebesar 88,40%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa keduanya keduanya merupakan metode yang sama baik dalam menentukan nilai permanganat.Kata kunci : Permanganat, recovery, signifikan, titrimetri
Verifikasi Metode Penentuan Kadar Timbal (Pb) pada Sampel Udara Ambien Menggunakan Inductifely Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES)
Authors: Afifah Zulfa , Kurniyawan Kurniyawan , Huda Thorikul
Published: September 2019

Telah dilakukan analisa uji logam timbal (Pb) pada udara ambien yang mengacu pada SNI 7119-4:2017 menggunakan Inductifely Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Verifikasi metode ini untuk mengetahui nilai linieritas, presisi, akurasi, dan limit deteksi, serta mengetahui kadar timbal (Pb) dalam udara ambien. Hasil pengujian kadar logam timbal (Pb) diperoleh  hasil yaitu 0,1840 µg/Nm3. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa udara ambien aman untuk lingkungan, karena dibawah ambang batas yang ditetapkan Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia No. 41 Tahun 1999. Verifikasi metode udara ambien diperoleh hasil yang baik dengan linieritas 0,999; presisi low range 2,71% dan high range 7,32%; akurasi yang tinggi berdasarkan nilai %trueness low range 100,74% dan high range 104,95% serta limit deteksi IDL, MDL, dan LoQ yaitu 0,0001 µg/Nm3; 0,0012 µg/Nm3; dan 0,0042 µg/Nm3.
Railway Ballast Monitoring by GPR: A Test Site Investigation
Authors: Bianchini Ciampoli Luca , Calvi Alessandro , D'Amico Fabrizio
Published: September 2019

Effective maintenance of railways requires a comprehensive assessment of the actual condition of the construction materials involved. In this regard, Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) stands as a viable alternative to the invasive and time-consuming traditional techniques for the inspection of these infrastructures. This work reports the experimental activities carried out on a test-site area within a railway depot in Rome, Italy. Specifically, a 30 m-long railway section was divided into 10 sub-sections reproducing different various physical and structural conditions of the track-bed. In more detail, combinations of varying scenarios of fragmentation and fouling of the ballast were reproduced. The set-up was then investigated using different multi-frequency GPR horn antenna systems. The effects of the different physical conditions of ballast on the electromagnetic response of the material were analysed for each scenario using time- and frequency-domain signal processing techniques. Parallel to this, modelling was provided to estimate fouling content. Interpretation of results has proven the viability of the GPR method in detecting signs of decay at the network level, thereby proving this technique to be worthy for implementation in asset management systems.
Cofactor F420-Dependent Enzymes: An Under-Explored Resource for Asymmetric Redox Biocatalysis
Authors: Shah Mihir V. , Antoney James , Kang Suk Woo , Warden Andrew C. , Hartley Carol J. , Nazem-Bokaee Hadi , Jackson Colin J. , Scott Colin
Published: September 2019

Asymmetric reduction of enoates, imines and ketones are among the most important reactions in biocatalysis. These reactions are routinely conducted using enzymes that use nicotinamide cofactors as reductants. The deazaflavin cofactor F420 also has electrochemical properties that make it suitable as an alternative to nicotinamide cofactors for use in asymmetric reduction reactions. However, cofactor F420-dependent enzymes remain under-explored as a resource for biocatalysis. In this review, we consider the cofactor F420-dependent enzyme families with greatest potential for the discovery of new biocatalysts: the flavin/deazaflavin-dependent oxidoreductases (FDORs) and the luciferase-like hydride transferases (LLHTs). We discuss characterized F420-dependent reductions that have potential for adaptation for biocatalysis, and we consider the enzymes best suited for use in the reduction of oxidized cofactor F420 to allow cofactor recycling in situ. We also discuss recent advances in the production of cofactor F420 and its functional analog FO-5’- phosphate, which remains an impediment to the adoption of this family of enzymes for industrial biocatalytic processes. Finally, we discuss the prospects for the use of this cofactor and dependent enzymes as a resource for industrial biocatalysis.
Study on Unbalanced Magnetic Pulling Analysis and Its Control Method for Primary Helium Circulator of High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor
Authors: Zheng Yangbo , Mo Ni , Sun Zhe , Zhou Yan , Shi Zhengang
Published: September 2019

In addition to provide an extremely clean environment for primary loop of high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTR), the primary helium circulator (PHC) using electromagnetic levitation technology also provides an effective means for vibration control. Besides synchronous vibration produced by mass imbalance and sensor runout, double-frequency vibration produced by unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) is serious in PHC engineering prototype (PHC-EP). In this paper, we firstly analyzed the mechanism of UMP and the multi-frequency vibration characteristics in combination with the PHC-EP. Then we put forward a distributed iterative learning control (ILC) algorithm and a parallel control scheme to suppress the periodic vibrations. Finally, we verified the methods by carrying out experimental researches on the active magnetic bearing (AMB) bench of PHC-EP. The results show that the methods put forward in this paper have significant control effect on the double-frequency vibration generated by UMP of the PHC-EP, and provide theoretical and practical references for the PHC safe operation in HTR.
Super-Multi-Junction Solar Cell, Device Configuration with the Potential of More Than 50 % of the Annual Energy Conversion Efficiency (Non-Concentration)
Authors: Araki Kenji , Ota Yasuyuki , Saiki Hiromu , Tawa Hiroki , Nishioka Kensuke , Yamaguchi Masafumi
Published: September 2019

The highest efficiency solar cell won in the efficiency race does not always give the most excellent annual energy yield in the real world solar condition that the spectrum is ever-changing. The study of the radiative coupling of the concentrator solar cells implied that the efficiency could increase by the recycle of the radiative recombination generated by the surplus current in upper junction. Such configuration of the multi-junction cells is often called by a super-multi-junction cell. We expanded it to non-concentrating installation. It was shown that this super-multi-junction cell configuration was found robust and can keep almost the same to the maximum potential efficiency (50 % in realistic spectrum fluctuation) up to 10 junctions by a Monte Carlo method. The super-multi-junction cell is also robust of the bandgap engineering of each junction. Therefore, the future multi-junction may not be needed to tune the bandgap for matching the standard solar spectrum, as well as relying upon artificial technologies like ELO, wafer-bonding, mechanical-stacking, and reverse-growth, but merely uses up-right and lattice-matching growth technologies. Although we have two challenging techniques; one is the optical cap layer that may be the directional photon coupling layer in the application of the photonics technologies, and another is the high-quality epitaxial growth with almost 100 % of the radiative efficiency.
Using Double-Bounded Dichotomous-Choice to Estimate Households’ Willingness to Pay for Improved Water Quality in Bac Ninh Province of Vietnam
Authors: Song Nguyen Van , Huyen Vu Ngoc , Dung Le Thi Phuong
Published: September 2019

This study used double-bounded dichotomous-choice to estimate and analyze the factors affecting households’ willingness to pay (WTP) for water quality improvement. This study notes that households with higher income, living near polluted water source, using tap water instead of natural water, who are handicraft producers, and who have more members are willing to pay more. However, households who rarely hear about environmental pollution issues and who are offered a higher bid are more likely to refuse to pay. Solutions to improve water quality are suggested such as to raise people's awareness through communication channels and social organizations; to increase income associated with environmental protection policies; to construct wastewater treatment plants; to encourage the relocation of production establishments to industrial parks and industrial complexes; to put regulations on collection, payment and sanctions in case of not declaring and paying fees into village conventions; to promulgate circulars, and bylaws to concretize and simplify regulations and policies of the Government, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.
Cold Bias of ERA5 Summertime Daily Maximum Land Surface Temperature Over Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Johannsen Frederico , Ermida Sofia , Martins João , Trigo Isabel F. , Nogueira Miguel , Dutra Emanuel
Published: September 2019

Land surface temperature (LST) is a key variable in surface-atmosphere energy and water exchanges. The main goals of this study are to (i) evaluate the LST of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-Interim and ERA5 reanalyses over Iberian Peninsula using the Satellite Application Facility on Land Surface Analysis (LSA-SAF) product and to (ii) understand the main drivers of the LST errors in the reanalysis. Simulations with the ECMWF land-surface model in offline mode (uncoupled) were carried out over the Iberian Peninsula and compared with the reanalysis data. Several sensitivity simulations were performed in a confined domain centered in Southern Portugal to investigate potential sources of the LST errors. The Copernicus Global Land Service (CGLS) fraction of green vegetation cover (FCover) and the European Space Agency’s Climate Change Initiative (ESA-CCI) Land Cover dataset were explored. We found a general underestimation of daytime LST and slightly overestimation at night-time. The results indicate that there is still room for improvement in the simulation of LST in ECMWF products. Still, ERA5 presents an overall higher quality product in relation to ERA-Interim. Our analysis suggested a relation between the large daytime cold bias and vegetation cover differences between (ERA5 and CGLS FCocver) with a correlation of -0.45. The replacement of the low and high vegetation cover by those of ESA-CCI provided an overall reduction of the large Tmax biases during summer. The increased vertical resolution of the soil at the surface, has a positive impact, but much smaller when compared with the vegetation changes. The sensitivity of the vegetation density parameter, that currently depends on the vegetation type, provided further proof for a needed revision of the vegetation in the model, as there is a reasonable correlation between this parameter and the Tmax mean errors when using the ESA-CCI vegetation cover (while the same correlation cannot be reproduced with the original model vegetation). Our results support the hypothesis that vegetation cover is one of the main drivers of the LST summertime cold bias in ERA5 over Iberian Peninsula.