bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application and Performance Evaluation of Key Technologies in Green Buildings
Authors: Wang Ran , He Zijian , Zhai Xue , Lu Shilei
Published: December 2024

To ensure the high-quality development of green buildings, a lot of attention has been paid to the post-evaluation of the actual operational performance of green buildings. Post-evaluation is a method to evaluate the effect of green buildings after putting them into use. It objectively expresses the actual implementation of green technologies, reflects occupants’ experience, and scientifically guides the project operation through questionnaires, field visits, data analysis, etc. Since most post-evaluation studies only focus on the overall performance of green buildings, this study carried out a systematic post-evaluation of six typical technologies of green buildings based on more than 50 green cases in China. The overall performance of green buildings mainly considers the energy performance and building satisfaction. The six typical technologies include cold source systems, air conditioning terminal systems, energy-saving lighting technology, air heat recovery, the natural lighting technique, and roof greening technologies. The application form and frequency of each technology are studied by investigation, and the actual effect of each technology is evaluated by practical tests and questionnaires. The results show that although the overall performance of case green buildings, including the energy efficiency and staff satisfaction, can basically meet the standard requirements, the application effect of energy-saving and environmental protection technology is difficult to meet the expectations. The overall performance of green buildings can be further improved by improving the application effect of individual energy-saving and environmental protection technologies.
Energy Demand Response in a Food-Processing Plant: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach
Authors: Wohlgenannt Philipp , Hegenbart Sebastian , Eder Elias , Kolhe Mohan , Kepplinger Peter
Published: December 2024

The food industry faces significant challenges in managing operational costs due to its high energy intensity and rising energy prices. Industrial food-processing facilities, with substantial thermal capacities and large demands for cooling and heating, offer promising opportunities for demand response (DR) strategies. This study explores the application of deep reinforcement learning (RL) as an innovative, data-driven approach for DR in the food industry. By leveraging the adaptive, self-learning capabilities of RL, energy costs in the investigated plant are effectively decreased. The RL algorithm was compared with the well-established optimization method Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP), and both were benchmarked against a reference scenario without DR. The two optimization strategies demonstrate cost savings of 17.57% and 18.65% for RL and MILP, respectively. Although RL is slightly less efficient in cost reduction, it significantly outperforms in computational speed, being approximately 20 times faster. During operation, RL only needs 2ms per optimization compared to 19s for MILP, making it a promising optimization tool for edge computing. Moreover, while MILP’s computation time increases considerably with the number of binary variables, RL efficiently learns dynamic system behavior and scales to more complex systems without significant performance degradation. These results highlight that deep RL, when applied to DR, offers substantial cost savings and computational efficiency, with broad applicability to energy management in various applications.
Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process Method to Select the Final Solution for Multi-Criteria Optimization of the Structure of a Hybrid Generation System with Energy Storage
Authors: Tomczewski Andrzej , Mikulski Stanisław , Szymenderski Jan
Published: December 2024

This paper concerns the application of the AHP (analytic hierarchy process) multi-criteria decision support method for the final selection of the structure of a hybrid power system with RESs (renewable energy sources) and EES (electrical energy storage) from a set of solutions obtained through multi-criteria optimization. These solutions, depending on their position within the Pareto front, may differ significantly in terms of the values of the criteria functions, or may be located very close to each other in the solution space. The role of the expert is to select the final solution, taking into account many additional criteria, often of a subjective nature. The article optimizes the structure of the proposed system using the multi-criteria NSGA-II (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm) method, taking into account three technical criteria. The AHP method was used to select the final solution, which allows determination of the ranking of solution variants, taking into account selected additional criteria. In the analyzed case, these are primarily economic indicators, technical conditions, and preferences of the system recipients. In addition to determining the ranking of solutions, a sensitivity analysis was performed, which gives the expert extensive knowledge on the impact of individual criteria on the order of variants in the ranking. It was shown that in the case of selecting hybrid structures of generating systems with EES for a specific type of receiver, the use of the AHP method significantly facilitates making the final decision.
Common Species in the Subtropical Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest: Dominance in Adaptation Mechanisms and Resource Utilization Capabilities
Authors: He Huan , Ren Haibao , Li Guijing , Ding Yali , Wu Xinliang , Wang Lina , Rebi Ansa , He Shuyu
Published: December 2024

When species of different abundance coexist, their ecological strategies remain uncertain. Assessing the functional diversity and niche characteristics of species with different levels of abundance contributes to understanding vegetation properties and is essential for species conservation. Based on the species abundance of 380 plots in the Gutianshan subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Zhejiang Province of China, woody plants were categorized as common species (86 species), occasional species (87 species), and rare species (79 species). Plant functional traits, including maximum height, seed dispersal modes, first flowering stage, flowering duration, and fruit length, were used to assess the functional diversity of the community of common, occasional, and rare species, while 15 environmental factors were used to evaluate their Levins’ niche breadth and Pianka’s niche overlap. The results showed that rare species have the highest functional evenness, while functional dispersion and Rao’s quadratic entropy were higher for common species (2.05 and 5.07, respectively) compared to occasional species (1.57 and 3.10) and rare species (1.35 and 2.48). Furthermore, the 15-dimensional mean value of niche breadth of common species (ranging from 0.277 to 0.955) was also higher than that of occasional (ranging from 0.193 to 0.710) and rare species (ranging from 0.100 to 0.345), and the same trend was also observed in niche overlap. The results suggest that common species have diverse functional traits and a greater ability to adapt to the environment and use resources, whereas occasional species have a limited ability to use the environment. Rare species are evenly distributed within functional space to reduce direct competition with other species, but they thrive only under specific environmental conditions, mainly following a K reproductive strategy. Niche differentiation mechanisms are important determinants of species coexistence in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests. In summary, more attention and greater efforts should be paid to the conservation of rare species. Our findings could help forest managers in the restoration and conservation of subtropical forests.
Plant-Scale Biogas Production Based on Integrating of CEEMDAN Decomposition with PSO Optimized Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network
Authors: Kong Dean , Chu Lijie , Yang Ping , Guan Yujing , Xu Hao , Chen Jie , Yu Yange , Yan Xiaochuan , Liu Bingfeng , Cao Guangli , Zhang Xihai
Published: December 2024

Accurate and dependable forecasting of biogas production is vital for optimizing process parameters and maintaining stable operation in large-scale anaerobic digestion projects. In this study, a novel hybrid approach (CEE-PMLP) integrating complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) and a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO) were proposed for predicting biogas production in large-scale anaerobic digesters (ADs). The methodology involves extracting Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF) components using CEEMDAN and subsequently employing MLP optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO) to predict each component. The performance of the models was evaluated using root mean square error (RMSE), mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and fitting determination coefficient (R2). The findings revealed that the prediction errors of the proposed CEE-PMLP model were consistently lower than those of other comparative models. Notably, the model achieved the highest R2 value of 98%, indicating an exceptionally high accuracy in prediction. The validation experiment confirmed the high accuracy of the CEE-PMLP model, further demonstrating its superiority in biogas production prediction.
Preparation and Characterization of Calcium-Chelated Sea Cucumber Ovum Hydrolysate and the Inhibitory Effect on α-Amylase
Authors: Yan Xu , Fan Fengjiao , Qin Zijin , Zhang Lijuan , Guan Shuang , Han Shiying , Dong Xiufang , Chen Hui , Xu Zhe , Li Tingting
Published: December 2024

α-amylase can effectively inhibit the activity of digestive enzymes and alter nutrient absorption. The impact of ovum hydrolysates of sea cucumbers on α-amylase activity was investigated in this study. The protein hydrolysates generated using different proteases (pepsin, trypsin, and neutral protease) and molecular weights (less than 3000 and more than 3000) were investigated. The results showed that all three different hydrolysates demonstrated calcium-chelating activity and induced a fluorescence-quenching effect on α-amylase. The sea cucumber ovum hydrolysate with a molecular weight of less than 3000 Da, isolated using trypsin, showed the most effective inhibitory effect on α-amylase, with an inhibition rate of 53.9%, and the inhibition type was identified as mixed forms of inhibition. In conclusion, the generation and utilization of protein hydrolysates from sea cucumber ovum as a functional food ingredient could be a potential approach to add value to low-cost seafood by-products.
Postprandial Glucose Response in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Possible Antioxidant Properties of a Plant-Based Snack Bar
Authors: Dimopoulou Maria , Bargiota Alexandra , Barmpa Eleftheria , Outskouni Zozo , Stagos Dimitrios , Trachana Varvara , Androutsos Odysseas , Gortzi Olga
Published: December 2024

Daily, more and more people consume snack bars that may have an impact on blood glucose levels. The aim of the present study was to compare the acute effects of a common snack and a plant-based snack bar (PB) that was developed at the University of Thessaly as a functional diabetic snack on blood glucose and insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Adults with T2DM (n = 10) treated with oral medications were studied in a randomized, crossover clinical trial. On each trial day, postprandial glucose and insulin levels were measured at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min, and a morning snack containing 25 g of carbohydrate was consumed. The procedure was carried out on 2 days, with one of the test meals being consumed on each day. Consumption of a PB snack bar resulted in a smaller and steeper increase in postprandial glucose and insulin levels compared with the usual snack, and there were significant differences 60 and 90 min after consumption of the two tested snacks. The PB snack bar is rich in protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals and can therefore be suggested as a nutritious and convenient snack for patients with T2DM. In addition, the extract of the snack bar was tested for its bioactivity in human cell cultures.
Redefining Protein Quality: Integrating Health Outcomes and Environmental Impacts in the Plant-Animal Protein Debate
Authors: Visioli Francesco
Published: December 2024

There is an ongoing debate about the relative merits of plant-based versus animal-based protein sources in terms of human health outcomes and environmental impacts. This viewpoint article reviews and synthesizes the current evidence comparing plant and animal protein sources on measures of human health like cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality risk, as well as environmental factors like greenhouse gas emissions, water use, and land requirements. Overall, greater consumption of plant protein sources like legumes, nuts, seeds, and whole grains is associated with reduced risks of cardiovascular diseases, some cancers, and mortality, especially compared to red and processed meats. Crucially, these health benefits align with the dramatically lower environmental footprints of plant proteins across measures like emissions, water use, and land use. However, evidence is mixed for some health outcomes, and more research is still needed. While blanket recommendations should be avoided, the convergence of health and environmental advantages suggests future dietary guidance should emphasize shifting toward more plant-based protein sources. However, evaluations must consider specific foods rather than broad categorizations. New protein production methods like precision fermentation may also reduce environmental impacts while maintaining adequate nutrition.
Wavefield Evolution and Arrival Behavior of Elastic Wave Propagation in Two-Dimensional Fractional Brownian Fields
Authors: Wang Shuaifeng , Zhang Zixin
Published: December 2024

The fractional Brownian field is often used to reproduce the fractal properties of complex heterogeneous media, which closely represent real-world geological materials. Studying elastic wave transport in this type of heterogeneous media is essential for advancing knowledge in geophysics, seismology, and rock mechanics. In this paper, we numerically investigate the wavefield evolution and arrival behavior of elastic wave propagation in a two-dimensional fractional Brownian field characterized by the standard deviation (σ) and the Hurst exponent (H). Using a high-fidelity finite element model, we quantify the influence of these parameters on wavefront morphology, wave arrival synchronization, and energy decay. Our results reveal that increased matrix heterogeneity with higher σ and lower H values leads to pronounced wavefront roughness, asynchronous arrival phenomena, and increscent energy decay, attributed to enhanced scattering and modulus variability. For smaller H values, rougher modulus distributions scatter wave energy more intensely, producing more coda waves and distorted wavefronts, while smoother fields with larger H fields promote smoother wave propagation. Higher σ amplifies these effects by increasing modulus variability, resulting in more attenuated wave energy and substantial wavefield disturbance. This study contributes to a quantitative understanding of how fractal heterogeneity modulates wave transport and energy attenuation in random media. Our findings hold practical significance for geophysical exploration and seismic tomography, as well as aiding in subsurface imaging and structural evaluation within fractured or stratified rock formations.
Antimicrobial Zn2+-Carboxymethyl Chitosan Cryogel for Controlled Loading and Release of Ciprofloxacin via Coordination Bonds
Authors: Bratskaya Svetlana , Boroda Andrey , Bogomaz Tamara , Privar Yuliya , Maiorova Mariya , Malyshev Daniil , Shindina Anastasiia , Skatova Anna , Goncharuk Roman
Published: December 2024

The local application of broad-spectrum antibiotics via polymeric drug delivery systems is a promising alternative to their systemic administration in wound healing, prevention and treatment of infections associated with surgical implants. However, low and poorly controlled loading efficiency and 100% burst release are common problems for the materials with weak physical interaction between antibiotics and polymeric matrices. Here, we report a new multifunctional carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) cryogel, which efficiently prevents bacterial adhesion to the surface, kills bacteria in the solution via controlled release of ciprofloxacin (CIP), and promotes fibroblast proliferation. The suggested approach is based on CIP loading to Zn2+-chelated CMC cryogel via the ligand exchange reaction. We have shown that, due to the strong binding of Zn2+ to CMC, the antibacterial effect and toxicity to fibroblasts of CMC-Zn-CIP cryogels were mainly determined by the content of loaded CIP, which can be precisely controlled via Zn2+ content in cryogel. CMC cryogels containing 20 mgZn/g can be loaded with CIP amounts sufficient to completely suppress the growth of hospital strain Klebsiella oxytoca with MIC of 0.125 µg/mL, while maintaining a fibroblast viability at the level of 85–90%.
The Simultaneous Treatment of PC-3 Cells with the DNA-Demethylating Agent Decitabine and S-Adenosylmethionine Leads to Synergistic Anticancer Effects
Authors: Schmidt Thomas , Sticht Carsten
Published: December 2024

Background: Epigenetic dysregulation is a common feature of cancer. Promoter demethylation of tumor-promoting genes and global DNA hypomethylation may trigger tumor progression. Epigenetic changes are unstable; thus, research has focused on detecting remedies that target epigenetic regulators. Previous studies have suggested that concordantly targeting hypomethylation and hypermethylation is beneficial for suppressing both the oncogenic and pro-metastatic functions of cancer cells. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of a combination of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and the demethylating agent decitabine on prostate cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Prostate cancer cells (PC-3) were treated with SAM, decitabine, or a combination of both. Proliferation, migration, invasion, and methylation assays were also performed. A transcriptome study was conducted to detect different gene clusters between the treatment groups, followed by analyses using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway and ingenuity pathway analysis. Finally, to gain information on differential gene expression, promoter methylation studies were performed. Results: Groups treated with decitabine, SAM, or their combination showed reduced proliferative capacity. The decitabine-treated group showed a marginal increase in cell migration and invasion, whereas the SAM-treated and combination treatment groups showed reduced invasion and migration potential. Methylation assays demonstrated the restoration of decitabine-induced demethylation in prostate cancer samples, whereas the transcriptome study revealed the upregulation of different gene clusters between the treatment groups. Methylation studies confirmed that SAM could restore the decitabine-induced demethylation of proto-oncogenes, but it did not induce the re-methylation of tumor-suppressor genes. Conclusions: Combination treatment with SAM and decitabine had an additive effect and did not nullify each other.
The Cardiac Output–Cerebral Blood Flow Relationship Is Abnormal in Most Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients with a Normal Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Response During a Tilt Test
Authors: van Campen C (Linda) M. C. , Verheugt Freek W. A. , Rowe Peter C. , Visser Frans C.
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Orthostatic intolerance is highly prevalent in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and is caused by an abnormal reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF). In healthy controls (HCs), the regulation of CBF is complex and cardiac output (CO) is an important determinant of CBF: a review showed that a 30% reduction in CO results in a 10% reduction in CBF. In previous and separate ME/CFS studies, we showed that CO and CBF decreased to a similar extent during tilt testing. The aim of the study: to test the relationship between CBF and CO, which seems to be abnormal in ME/CFS patients and is different from that in HCs. Methods: In this retrospective study we analyzed this relationship in a large group of patients. To compare the patient data with those of HCs, we focused on patients with a normal heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) response to upright tilt. Also, the influence of clinical data was analyzed. A total of 534 ME/CFS patients and 49 HCs underwent tilt testing with measurements of HR, BP, CBF, CO, and end-tidal PCO2. To measure CBF, extracranial Doppler flow velocity and vessel diameters were obtained using a GE echo system. The same device was used to measure suprasternal aortic flow velocities. End-tidal PCO2 was recorded using a Nonin Lifesense device. Results: In 46 (9%) patients, CO and CBF changes were in the normal range for HCs, and in 488 (91%) an abnormal CO and CBF reduction was found. In patients with abnormal CO and CBF reductions, the slope of the regression line of CO versus CBF reduction was almost 1. The multiple regression analysis of the latter group showed that the CO reduction for the most part predicted the CBF reduction, with a limited role for the PETCO2 reduction. Conclusions: Two different patient groups with a normal HR and BP response during the tilt were identified: those with a CO and CBF in the normal range for HCs and those with an abnormal CO and CBF reduction during the tilt (91% of patients). In the latter group of patients, an almost 1:1 relationship between the CO and CBF reduction suggests the absence of compensatory vasodilation in the cerebral vasculature. This might indicate endothelial dysfunction in most ME/CFS patients and may have clinical and therapeutic implications.
Long-Term Determinants of Depression Mood: A 19-Year Follow Up of 2344 Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Authors: Miao Nae-Fang , Hsieh Chia-Jung , Li Pei-Shan
Published: December 2024

Objectives: This study explores depression changes and influencing factors in middle-aged and older individuals, focusing on different cognitive function states. Methods: This cohort study uses panel data from seven waves of the nationally representative Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging (1996–2015) with 2344 participants aged 50 or above. Data analysis was conducted from 25 January 2023 to 4 May 2023. Results: Multivariate logistic regression analyzed three trajectories: maintained mood, progressive depression, and consistent depression. Protective factors for progressive depression included self-health perception, exercise, family satisfaction, and financial well being, while risk factors were chronic diseases, pain, substance use, and daily activity limitations. Cognitive function emerged as a significant protective factor, while pain exhibited the highest risk. In the cognitive dysfunction group, only social participation showed notable differences. Conclusion: Progressive and consistent depression in middle-aged and older people have aroused concern. In addition to necessary protection and risk factors, special attention should be paid to the risks posed by the level of pain. Addressing pain as a crucial risk factor is essential, particularly for middle-aged and older people with cognitive impairment and depression, necessitating targeted support.
Metabolic Profiling of ‘Elstar’ and ‘Nicoter’ Apples: Impact of Storage Time, Dynamic Controlled Atmosphere and 1-MCP Treatment
Authors: Thewes Fabio Rodrigo , Büchele Felix , Uhlmann Lilian Osmari , Lugaresi Adriana , de Oliveria Neuwald Daiane Quadros , Brackmann Auri , Both Vanderlei , Wagner Roger , Neuwald Daniel Alexandre
Published: December 2024

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of CA and DCA on sugars, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), anaerobic metabolism and some volatile compounds of ‘Elstar’ and ‘Nicoter’ apples. This study also aimed to evaluate the effect of ethylene action blocking by 1-MCP (0.650 ppm). The storage conditions tested for both cultivars were (1) CA; (2) DCA-CF; (3) DCA-RQ 1.3; (4) DCA-RQ 1.5; (5) DCA-CD 1.1; and (6) DCA-CD 1.3. The lowest oxygen limit (LOL) was higher for the ‘Nicoter’ apples, and the three DCA methods were able to detect this difference between the cultivars. Sorbitol had a trend of accumulation when the fruit was stored under DCA-RQ and DCA-CD, especially in higher RQ and CD, showing a negative Pearson correlation with the oxygen partial pressure over the storage period. The 1-MCP treatment induced sorbitol accumulation even when the fruit was stored under CA. The TCA intermediaries, such as citrate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinate, fumarate and oxaloacetate, were the most affected by the atmosphere conditions and the 1-MCP treatment for both cultivars. Malic acid was more affected by the storage time than the atmosphere conditions. Succinate and fumarate had an accumulation trend when the fruit was stored under DCA-RQ.
Association Between Unemployment and Mental Disorders: A Narrative Update of the Literature
Authors: Franke Andreas G. , Schmidt Peggy , Neumann Stefanie
Published: December 2024

The relationship between unemployment and mental disorders has been a significant subject of study since at least the Industrial Revolution. However, most data show associations of unemployment and isolated mental disorders, and this study field has been neglected in the last years. Therefore, this narrative review aims to provide an updated overview of the association between unemployment and mental health in general as well as the most prevalent mental disorders. A literature search was conducted using PubMed with the initial search terms “unemployment” and “mental health”. The identified disorders were then used as search terms for a more in-depth search. Two raters screened abstracts and identified the literature containing relevant information. As a main result, it could be demonstrated that regardless of age and sex, there is still a broad association between unemployment and mental well-being in general (e.g., quality of life measure for example by the General Health Questionnaire), suicide attempts, suicide rates, as well as specific psychiatric disorders (substance use disorder, schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorders, compulsive/obsessive disorders, eating disorders, specific personality disorders, intelligence disorders/impairment, and ADHD). The most significant association was found for affective disorders (depression) and substance use disorders. The association in general was particularly evident for long-term unemployment and mental disorders. Returning to work reduced the prevalence rates of mental disorders significantly. The literature review confirms the results of much older and disease centered studies that unemployment and mental disorders are associated with each other. The main conclusion is that early medical detection and intervention among the mentally ill are as crucial as labor market policy interventions to prevent, avoid, and reduce unemployment.
Epigenetic Biomarkers in Thrombophilia-Related Pregnancy Complications: Mechanisms, Diagnostic Potential, and Therapeutic Implications: A Narrative Review
Authors: Bardan Claudia Ramona , Ioniță Ioana , Iordache Maria , Călămar-Popovici Despina , Todorescu Violeta , Popescu Roxana , Bernad Brenda Cristiana , Bardan Răzvan , Bernad Elena Silvia
Published: December 2024

Pregnancy complications associated with thrombophilia represent significant risks for maternal and fetal health, leading to adverse outcomes such as pre-eclampsia, recurrent pregnancy loss, and intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR). They are caused by disruptions in key physiological processes, including the coagulation cascade, trophoblast invasion, angiogenesis, and immune control. Recent advancements in epigenetics have revealed that non-coding RNAs, especially microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying these RNAs, play crucial roles in the regulation of these biological processes. This review aims to identify the epigenetic biomarkers that are the best candidates for evaluating thrombophilia-related pregnancy complications and for assessing the efficacy of anticoagulant and antiaggregant therapies. We emphasize their potential integration into personalized treatment plans, aiming to improve the risk assessment and therapy strategies for thrombophilic pregnancies. Future research should focus on validating these epigenetic biomarkers and establishing standardized protocols to enable their integration into clinical practice, paving the way for a precision medicine approach in obstetric care.
Thyroid Function and Morphology in Gaucher Disease: Exploring the Endocrine Implications
Authors: Kałużna Małgorzata , Szczepanek-Parulska Ewelina , Moczko Jerzy , Czlapka-Matyasik Magdalena , Katulska Katarzyna , Ziemnicka Katarzyna , Kieć-Wilk Beata , Ruchała Marek
Published: December 2024

Gaucher disease (GD), the most common ultra-rare metabolic disorder, results from lipid accumulation. Systemic inflammation, cellular stress, and metabolic dysfunction may influence endocrine function, including the thyroid. This study evaluated thyroid function and morphology in 60 GD patients, alongside carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Anthropometric, biochemical, and hormonal tests were conducted, including thyroid ultrasound and shear-wave elastography (SWE). Clinical data, bone mineral density (BMD), and body composition (BOD POD) analyses were correlated. Healthy controls, matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), were included. GD patients had higher thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels within normal limits. Hypothyroidism occurred in 7%, elevated anti-thyroid antibodies in 8%, and nodular goiter in 23%. Patients with nodular goiter showed lower platelet counts and higher chitotriosidase and glucosylsphingosine (lysoGb-1) levels. Patients with type 3 GD had larger thyroid volumes and greater stiffness on SWE than patients with type 1 GD. GD patients also exhibited increased metabolic risk, including central obesity and elevated glucose levels. GD patients, despite normal thyroid hormone levels, exhibit subtle alterations in thyroid function indicators. Their increased risk of central obesity and glucose metabolism disorders, alongside higher TSH and FT4 levels, underscores the need for closer monitoring and further investigation.
Association Between Activated Loci of HML-2 Primate-Specific Endogenous Retrovirus and Newly Formed Chromatin Contacts in Human Primordial Germ Cell-like Cells
Authors: Cordazzo Vargas Bianca , Shioda Toshihiro
Published: December 2024

The pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived human primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) are a cell culture-derived surrogate model of embryonic primordial germ cells. Upon differentiation of PSCs to PGCLCs, multiple loci of HML-2, the hominoid-specific human endogenous retrovirus (HERV), are strongly activated, which is necessary for PSC differentiation to PGCLCs. In PSCs, strongly activated loci of HERV-H family HERVs create chromatin contacts, which are required for the pluripotency. Chromatin contacts in the genome of human PSCs and PGCLCs were determined by Hi-C sequencing, and their locations were compared with those of HML-2 loci strongly activated in PGCLCs but silenced in the precursor naïve iPSCs. In both iPSCs and PGCLCs, the size of chromatin contacts were found to be around one megabase, which corresponds to the Topologically Associated Domains in the human genome but is slightly larger in PGCLCs than iPSCs. The number of small-sized chromatin contacts diminished while numbers of larger-sized contacts increased. The distances between chromatin contacts newly formed in PGCLCs and the degrees of activation of the closest HML-2 loci showed significant inverse correlation. Our study provides evidence that strong activation of HML-2 provirus loci may be associated with newly formed chromatin contacts in their vicinity, potentially contributing to PSC differentiation to the germ cell lineage.
Identifying Truly HPV-Driven Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma by QuantiGene-Molecular-Profiling-Histology Assay Allows for More Precise Prognosis Prediction
Authors: Liang Lili , Albers Andreas E. , Taube Eliane T. , Pohl Jonathan , Schmidt Stephanie , Greve Marla , Kaufmann Andreas M.
Published: December 2024

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with discordant diagnostic patterns of HPV+/p16− or HPV−/p16+ correlate with worse prognosis. This study aims to identify truly HPV-driven HNSCCs using a QuantiGene-Molecular-Profiling-Histology (QG-MPH) assay for identifying transcriptionally active HPV. Of 97 FFPE samples analyzed, 68 were valid for HPV DNA detection by PCR and quantification of HPV E7 and p16 INK4a mRNA by QG-MPH. p16 INK4a mRNA expression was compared with p16 protein expression via immunohistochemistry (p16 IHC). Among the 68 cases, 26 (38.2%) showed increased high-risk HPV E7 mRNA expression (hrHPV E7 mRNA+), while 37 (54.4%) were hrHPV DNA+. Concordance between HPV DNA and mRNA status was 70.1%. Notably, 79.2% of E7 mRNA+ cases were p16 IHC+, compared to 55.9% of DNA+ cases, demonstrating better concordance between HPV E7 mRNA+ status and p16 mRNA expression plus p16 IHC positivity. All patients (19/19) in the HPV E7 mRNA+/p16 IHC+ group survived the 5-year follow-up, compared to 59.5% (22/37) in the HPV E7 mRNA−/p16 IHC− group (p = 0.001). Specifically, the OS rate was 57.1% (8/14) in the group with discordant HPV DNA and p16 IHC results, compared to 40% (3/5) in the group with discordant HPV E7 mRNA and p16 IHC results. These findings highlight the better outcomes for the transcriptionally active HPV cases and indicate the prognostic disadvantage for patients with discordant patterns and the advantages for incorporating the molecular mRNA profiling by QG-MPH to p16 IHC. In conclusion, QG-MPH quantification of E7 and p16 INK4a mRNA more precisely identifies truly HPV-driven from non-HPV-driven HNSCC, compared to HPV DNA testing alone or with p16 IHC, which reduces misclassification and provides valuable implications for improved prognosis prediction and therapeutic decision-making.
Alterations in Striatal Architecture and Biochemical Markers’ Levels During Postnatal Development in the Rat Model of an Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Bogdańska-Chomczyk Ewelina , Wojtacha Paweł , Tsai Meng-Li , Huang Andrew Chih Wei , Kozłowska Anna
Published: December 2024

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is defined as a neurodevelopmental condition. The precise underlying mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. A body of research suggests disruptions in both the cellular architecture and neuronal function within the brain regions of individuals with ADHD, coupled with disturbances in the biochemical parameters. This study seeks to evaluate the morphological characteristics with a volume measurement of the striatal regions and a neuron density assessment within the studied areas across different developmental stages in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRs) and Wistar Kyoto Rats (WKYs). Furthermore, the investigation aims to scrutinize the levels and activities of specific markers related to immune function, oxidative stress, and metabolism within the striatum of juvenile and maturing SHRs compared to WKYs. The findings reveal that the most pronounced reductions in striatal volume occur during the juvenile stage in SHRs, alongside alterations in neuronal density within these brain regions compared to WKYs. Additionally, SHRs exhibit heightened levels and activities of various markers, including RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT-1), glucocorticoid receptor (GCsRβ), malondialdehyde (MDA), sulfhydryl groups (-SH), glucose (G), iron (Fe), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST). In summary, notable changes in striatal morphology and elevated levels of inflammatory, oxidative, and metabolic markers within the striatum may be linked to the disrupted brain development and maturation observed in ADHD.
Fatigue Reliability Assessment of Bridges Under Heavy Traffic Loading Scenario
Authors: Zhang Mingyang , Wang Xuejing , Li Yaohan
Published: December 2024

Uncertainties in traffic flows pose significant challenges for the accurate fatigue safety assessment of bridge structures. Fatigue analysis requires detailed information on heavy vehicle-induced loads, which can be obtained from weigh-in-motion (WIM) systems. This paper develops a stochastic traffic load model based on site-specific WIM measurements to evaluate the fatigue reliability of steel bridges by enhancing simulation efficiency and incorporating correlations in traffic load parameters. Traffic loading is measured on site by WIM systems and used to develop a probabilistic model. A heavy traffic scenario load model is developed based on the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and Poisson distribution. The correlation between traffic load parameters is addressed using the Nataf transformation. The fatigue reliability of critical components is evaluated using this procedure as an illustrative example. The results show that annual increases in traffic load significantly impact fatigue damage. This research provides a theoretical basis for improved traffic management and structural maintenance strategies.
Photoluminescence Properties of X-Ray Generated Divalent Sm in Mechanochemically Prepared Nanocrystalline CaF₂:Sm3+
Authors: Rozaila Z. Siti , Riesen Nicolas , Riesen Hans
Published: December 2024

In this study, the mechanochemical preparation of nanocrystalline CaF2:Sm3+ by ball milling calcium acetate hydrate, samarium (III) acetate hydrate, and ammonium fluoride is reported. The photoluminescence of the as-prepared CaF2:Sm3+ shows predominantly Sm3+ 4G5/2 → 6HJ(J = 5/2, 7/2, 9/2, and 11/2) f-f luminescence, but intense electric dipole allowed 4f55d (T1u) → 4f6 7F1 (T1g) luminescence by Sm2+ was generated upon X-irradiation. In comparison with the co-precipitated CaF2:Sm3+, the conversion of Sm3+→ Sm2+ in the ball-milled sample upon X-irradiation is significantly lower. Importantly, the present results indicate that the crystallite size and X-ray storage phosphor properties of the lanthanide-doped nanocrystalline CaF2 can be modified by adjusting the ball milling time, dopant concentration and post-annealing treatment, yielding crystallite sizes as low as 6 nm under specific experimental conditions.
Complex Structure, Chemical Bonding, and Electrical Transport Properties of a La-Doped Zintl Phase
Authors: Lee Junsu , Lee Yunjeong , Choi Myung-Ho , Ok Kang Min , You Tae-Soo
Published: December 2024

The La-doped ternary Zintl phase Ca10.43(3)La0.57Sb9.69(1) was successfully synthesized by arc melting, and the title compound adopted the Ho11Ge10-type structure with a tetragonal I4/mmm space group (Z = 4, Pearson code tI84). The complex crystal structure is composed of (1) the four different kinds of cationic Ca or Ca/La mixed sites surrounded by seven or nine Sb atoms and (2) the 3-dimensional cage-shaped anionic frameworks built by the other two types of Sb atoms. In particular, the La dopants preferred to occupy the Ca4 and Ca1 sites, and this specific cationic-site preference can be rationalized by both electronic and size-factor criteria. Moreover, the ca. 16% occupational deficiency observed at the Sb3 site was attributed to the energetically unfavorable antibonding character of the Sb3–Sb3 bond in the [Sb3]4 tetramers, according to a series of DFT calculations. A crystal Hamilton overlap population curve analysis also proved that the title compound Ca10.43(3)La0.57Sb9.69(1) tried to keep the valence electron count below 71.02 to remain energetically stable in the Ho11Ge10-type phase. Measurements of temperature-dependent electrical transport properties revealed that the La doping indeed enhanced the electrical conductivity of Ca10.43(3)La0.57Sb9.69(1) compared to the un-doped Ca11Sb10. However, unlike other rare earth metal (RE)-doped compounds in the Ca11−xRExSb10 (RE = Nd and Sm) system that display semiconducting behavior, the La-doped title compound showed poor metallic electrical properties. The positive values of Seebeck coefficients indicated the p-type character of the title compound despite the successful n-type La doping, and this should be attributed to Sb deficiency.
Wild Bee Diversity and Bee–Plant Interactions in Tropical and Temperate Forest Clearings in a Natural Protected Area in Central West Mexico
Authors: Razo-León Alvaro Edwin , Muñoz-Urias Alejandro , Uribe-Mú Claudia Aurora , Huerta-Martínez Francisco Martín , Fierros-López Hugo Eduardo , Vásquez-Bolaños Miguel , Moya-Raygoza Gustavo , Carrillo-Reyes Pablo
Published: December 2024

Background: Bees rely on plants for nutrition and reproduction, making the preservation of natural areas crucial as pollinator reservoirs. Seasonal tropical dry forests are among the richest habitats for bees, but only 27% of their original extent remains in Mexico. In contrast, temperate forests harbor fewer bee species and face high deforestation rates, with 40% of their area converted to other land uses. This study aimed to estimate the α and β diversities of wild bees and compare bee–plant interaction networks between these two vegetation types. Methods: Wild bees and their interactions with plants were monitored for one year in four sites within the Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Sierra de Quila. Two sites corresponded to seasonal tropical dry forest and two to temperate forest. α and β diversity, connectance, nestedness, web asymmetry, and niche overlap were analyzed. Results: Sierra de Quila harbors high bee diversity, with 155 species in tropical dry forest and 103 in temperate forest. Species turnover between vegetation types was high, although nine species used floral resources in both forests, connecting the interaction networks. Conclusions: Sierra de Quila diverse habitats promote high bee diversity, with niche partitioning and low connectance facilitating coexistence across different vegetation types.
Lipedema: Complications in High-Volume Liposuction Are Linked to Preoperative Anemia
Authors: Flores Tonatiuh , Kremsner Barbara , Schön Jana , Riedl Julia , Sabitzer Hugo , Glisic Christina , Pfoser Kristina , Nedomansky Jakob , Bergmeister Konstantin D. , Schrögendorfer Klaus F.
Published: December 2024

Background: Lipedema is a subcutaneous adipose tissue disorder mainly affecting women. Its progressive nature often requires high-volume liposuction for efficient pain reduction. However, aspiration volumes of more than 5 L within a single session may lead to a variety of complications. Thus, we examined the effect of high-volume liposuctions on lipedema patients and the incidence of associated complications. Methods: We analyzed perioperative differences in lipedema patients undergoing low- or high-volume liposuctions. Statistical analyses were performed, investigating postoperative complications and the correlation of patients’ BMI, total amount of aspiration, duration of surgery, hospital stay and hemoglobin alterations. Complications were investigated according to the Clavien–Dindo Classification. Patients were divided in two groups based on the volume aspirated at liposuction (low-volume vs. high-volume liposuction). Results: Overall, 121 sessions were investigated. Mean total volume of aspiration was 8227.851 mL ± 3643.891. Mean preoperative hemoglobin levels were 13.646 g/dL ± 1.075 g/dL. Preoperatively, 7.44% of patients were anemic (Hb < 12 g/dL). Mean postoperative hemoglobin was 10.563 g/dL ± 1.230 g/dL. Postoperatively, 90.10% of patients showed Hb levels below 12 g/dL. Hemoglobin loss differed significantly between the two groups (p = 0.001). Significant correlations between pre- (p = 0.015) and postoperative (p < 0.001) hemoglobin levels and pre- (p < 0.001) and postoperative (p < 0.001) anemia with Class II complications were also seen. The total volume of aspiration did not correlate with complication rates (p = 0.176). Conclusions: Complication rates in high-volume liposuctions are hemoglobin-dependent rather than volume-associated. Preoperative anemia was the most influential for the occurrence of postoperative complications. To safely conduct high-volume liposuctions in lipedema patients, adequate patient selection and preoperative patient preparation are imperative.
Advances and Innovation in Acute Type a Aortic Dissection
Authors: Grasty Madison A. , Lawrence Kendall
Published: December 2024

The prompt and appropriate management of acute type A aortic dissections is imperative for patient survival. Advances in medical technology have broadened the adjuncts available to treat the spectrum of pathology within this population. The role of medical management prior to surgical intervention and the components of operative management, including cannulation strategies, neuroprotection, and the extent of aortic intervention, have been explored in-depth within the literature. More recent work has identified novel open and endovascular techniques available to treat acute type A dissections. This review aims to summarize the literature, with a particular focus on innovation in cardiac surgery and its role in the care of this high-risk population.
Risk Factors for the Development of Olecranon Bursitis—A Large-Scale Population-Based Study
Authors: Shemesh Shai , Itzikovitch Ron , Atzmon Ran , Kadar Assaf
Published: December 2024

Background: Olecranon bursitis (OB) involves fluid accumulation in the bursa, with common causes being trauma and preexisting conditions. Its incidence is difficult to quantify, and risk factors such as diabetes, obesity, and male gender are frequently noted. Hyperlipidemia has been linked to musculoskeletal disorders, but its role as a risk factor for OB remains unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the association between OB and hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and statin use. Methods: A retrospective cohort study analyzed a large-scale database (2005–2020), ultimately including 10,301 patients with olecranon bursitis and 44,608 controls after applying exclusion criteria. Participants were aged 18–90 years, with BMI between 10 and 55. Key variables such as smoking, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, statin use, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) were analyzed. Logistic regression models were applied with stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for risk factors, and p-values were adjusted using the Benjamini–Hochberg method. Results: OB was significantly associated with male gender (OR: 1.406; p < 0.0001), hyperlipidemia (OR: 1.239; p < 0.0001), statin use (OR: 1.117; p = 0.0035), and smoking (OR: 1.068; p = 0.0094). Age and BMI were significant continuous variables influencing OB risk, particularly in older patients and those with elevated BMI. CVDs and diabetes were not significantly linked to OB. Hyperlipidemia increased OB risk, especially in males and individuals with higher BMI. Conclusions: Male gender, hyperlipidemia, and smoking are key risk factors for OB, with hyperlipidemia posing a notable risk in older individuals and those with higher BMI. Statin use did not significantly alter OB risk in hyperlipidemic patients. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms behind these associations.