bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of perioperative thromboprophylaxis on revision rate due to infection and aseptic loosening in primary total hip arthroplasty – new evidence from the Nordic Arthroplasty Registry Association (NARA)
Authors: Benson Thea Emily , Andersen Ina Trolle , Overgaard Søren , Fenstad Anne Marie , Lie Stein Atle , Gjertsen Jan-Erik , Furnes Ove Nord , Pedersen Alma Becic
Published: April 2022

Background and purpose: Results regarding the impact of anticoagulants on revision rate are conflicting. We examined the association between the use of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) as thromboprophylaxis after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and the revision rate due to infection, aseptic loosening, and all causes.
Patients and methods: We conducted a cohort study (n = 53,605) based on prospectively collected data from the national hip arthroplasty registries from Denmark and Norway. The outcome was time to revision due to infection, aseptic loosening, and all causes, studied separately. Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival analysis and a Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate implant survival and cause-specific hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusting for age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, fixation type, start, and duration of thromboprophylaxis, and preoperative use of Vitamin K antagonists, NOAC, aspirin, and platelet inhibitors as confounders.
Results: We included 40,451 patients in the LMWH group and 13,154 patients in the NOAC group. Regarding revision due to infection, the 1-year and 5-year KM survival was 99% in both the LMWH group and in the NOAC group. During the entire follow-up period, the adjusted HR for revision due to infection was 0.9 (CI 0.7–1.1), 1.6 (CI 1.3–2.1) for aseptic loosening, and 1.2 (CI 1.1–1.4) for all-cause revision for the NOAC compared with the LMWH group. The absolute differences in revision rates between the groups varied from 0.2% to 1%.
Interpretation: Compared with LMWH, NOACs were associated with a slightly lower revision rate due to infection, but higher revisions rates due to aseptic loosening and all-cause revision. The absolute differences between groups are small and most likely not clinically relevant. In addition, the observed associations might partly be explained by selection bias and unmeasured confounding, and should be a topic for further research.
Growth Performance of African Giant Land Snail Archachatina Marginata Fed Varying Dietary Protein Levels of Plant Source
Authors: OO Ogunyemi
Published: April 2022

The effects of isocaloric plant protein diets on the growth performance of African giant land snail Archachatina marginata were investigated for 28 weeks. A total of 120 juvenile A. marginata snails were used. Ten snails were randomly assigned to each of the four experimental diets containing 12%, 14%, 16%, and 18% crude protein from plant source respectively. Each diet constitutes a treatment and each treatment was replicated three times with 10 snails per replicate. Data on growth parameters were collected bi-weekly. Results showed that the performance of snails fed was significantly (p<0.05) influenced by levels of dietary protein. The snail fed with 16% level of crude protein had the highest final somatic body weight (42.6g) and the superior feed conversion ratio (2.35) while beyond 16% level of crude protein the growth response declined. It was evident from this study that A. marginata snails fed 16% crude protein of plant source were the best in growth performance and that snails could be raised on diets comprising of crude protein exclusively from plant source.
Post-harvest Loss of Fish at Alwero Reservoir in Abobo, Gambella, Ethiopia
Authors: Asmamaw Berhan
Published: April 2022

A study was conducted on post-harvest loss and other fishery-related activities at Alwero reservoir in Abobo district. Semistructured questionnaires and focus group discussions were used to gather basic and primary information. The amount of fish catch per single trip was varied from 20kg to 60kg, with an average of 30.350±16.760. However, a considerable amount of fish is lost due to high ambient temperature, shortage of storage facilities, lack of quality fishing gear and transportation. The loss per single trip is 6.780kg of different fish species, which is about 22% of the total catch in a year. The abundance and diversity of fish species in the reservoir are highly threatened. Therefore, a holistic approach to solving at least some of the existing causes of post-harvest loss in the reservoir is badly needed.
Water Security and Sustainability in India
Authors: Singh Anju
Published: April 2022

Water is valuable for life, livelihood, economy and ecosystem services, but distributed unevenly. Water scarcity in general and water quality in the particular region, are posing risks to sustainability and quality of life. Indian economy and agricultural practices depend on its rivers, as per an estimate about 80 percent of fresh surface water and 60 percent of ground water have been used by the agricultural sector, but rivers and other water bodies are facing problems of contamination due to domestic waste, sewage, agriculture effluents of chemical fertilizers and discharge of industrial effluents. Domestic waste is drained out as waste and ends up flowing into various water bodies which leads to pollution of water sources. The careful utilizing of river water is the biggest challenge. Losses are also due to traditional way of irrigation which increases the problem of water scarcity. For sustainability of livelihood and maintaining quality of life, it is essential to have sufficient water availability even in the phase of climate change. The national drinking water programme and accelerated urban water supply programme aim to provide universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all by 2030. It is time to value every drop of water and rejuvenate our traditional water bodies, clean rivers, recharge ground water, collect rain water and successful implementation of technology for achieving water resource management.
Effects of Carbon Monoxide on Drivers of the Urban Transport Service in the City of Ayacucho
Authors: Urbano Jesús Javier Ñaccha
Published: April 2022

Among This research work was carried out with the following objectives: to determine the effect of carbon monoxide on public and private service drivers, using clinical laboratory techniques. Detect the age and models of the vehicles used by the public and private transport drivers of the city of Ayacucho and identify the semiology and clinical pathology of CO poisoned drivers. Of a total of 90 volunteer drivers (100%), 45 work in the public sector and 45 in the private sector. Of these, 86.6% were negative and 13.33% positive. Regarding the degree of intoxication in positive cases: 7.7% had moderate effects and 5.5% had severe effects. Regarding the methodology, the coximeter was used to measure the CO of the expired air, finding the percentage of carboxy hemoglobin. Regarding the predominant age group, ages between 18 to 34 cases were considered in 37.8% and less frequently for ages 36 to 41 years with 15.6%. The city of Ayacucho does not have large industries, it is slowly suffering from the contamination of its surroundings due to the accelerated increase in the gasoline and oil motor vehicle park, plus the burning of bricks, farmland, garbage and firewood for food processing, a public health problem.
Approaches to the Enhancement of Angola's Natural Tourism Resources
Authors: Avila Migdely Barbarita Ochoa
Published: April 2022

Eco-tourism becomes a valuable opportunity for African countries, in particular Angola, which is facing an unfavourable situation with regard to the use of their natural resources for tourism purposes. The research defined as a general objective: to carry out an approach to the natural tourist resources of Angola for their enhancement. It was defined as a hypothesis that if natural tourist resources are valued, ecotourism in Angola is improved. Several theoretical methods were used such as: analysis and synthesis, inductive-deductive, structural systemic, and among the empirical: scientific observation, interview, analysis of weaknesses, threats, strengths and opportunities, as well as the criteria of specialists. As a result, proposals were developed that constitute potential ways to contribute to improving ecotourism in Angola, by promoting the management of nature events and the development of strategies for the development of ecotourism management, particularly in prioritized regions such as the province of Cuando Cubango. In conclusion, emphasis is placed on the high potential that Angola has for ecotourism, which can benefit entrepreneurs and communities, amid efforts to achieve sustainable development and confront COVID-19.
The Phreatic Aquifer In The Coastal Dunes Of Southwestern Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Factors Conditioning Groundwater Quality
Authors: Ruffo Andres G
Published: April 2022

In the southwest of the province of Buenos Aires, a chain of coastal dunes contains a phreatic aquifer, which is the only source of drinking water in most of the seaside cities. The objective of this study is to analyze the geological, hydrogeological and anthropic activities that affect the quality of groundwater for human consumption, between the cities of Monte Hermoso and Punta Alta. Methodologically, the research is developed based on the study of antecedent information, field recognition, well census, cutting analysis, interpretation of electrical tomography and hydrochemical data. The results relate the quality of the groundwater with the lithological and stratigraphic characteristics of the area, recognizing the natural presence of trace elements such as F, As, Fe and Mn as well as undesirable organoleptic characteristics (smell, color and taste). In addition, the occupation of the land with potentially contaminating anthropic actions (cesspool or absorbent wells, farmyards, open-air dumps, etc.) is observed. This research aims to contribute to hydrogeological knowledge, providing the conceptual basis for the exploitation and management of the aquifer, in an area where water supply is entirely based on the groundwater resource.
Sequential Extraction and Geochemistry of Heavy Metals in Ayetoro Coastal Sediments, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Samuel Ayodele Olusiji
Published: April 2022

Previous geochemical investigation of Ayetoro area discovered that its coastal sediments are enriched with sulphide mineralization. However, in order to determine the geochemical phases of the heavy metals in the coastal sediments, random sampling method was utilized across 10 locations, at a depth of 40cm using Van grab sampler at a sampling density of 200m interval. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) Buck Scientific Model 205A was used to analyze nine (9) heavy metal concentrations namely Ni, Zn, Co, Mn, Fe, Pb, Cr, Cd and Cu in the coastal sediments, followed by sequential extraction of the metals, using five fractional phases. The results revealed that the geochemical concentration of the heavy metals as follows: Ni (5.89ppm - 16.82ppm), Zn (2.59ppm - 115.65ppm.), Co (1.22ppm - 22.77ppm), Mn (30.95ppm - 186.49ppm), Fe (6.632ppm - 1925.96ppm), Pb (5.17ppm - 55.96ppm), Cr (0.26ppm - 28.06ppm), Cd (0.13ppm -22.23ppm), and Cu (2.26ppm - 41.94ppm) and showed the concentration order as Residual>Reducible>Organic>Exchangeable>Carbonate. Most of the heavy metals in carbonate and exchangeable phase have low concentration except for Cd. This implied that Cd is of low mobility and bioavailability which is very dangerous as its intake by man leads to kidney diseases and causes bones to become weaker. Also, Mobility factor of Cd stood out because of its high concentration in the exchangeable phase compared to other four non-residual phases. The mobility and bioavailability of the heavy metals are in this order: Cd>Co>Ni>Pb>Cr>Mn>Cu>Zn>Fe respectively. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the heavy metals are significantly different in all the phases based on their accumulation index in the sediments while majority of the heavy metals lacked the ability to remobilize but can be released into the environment under reducing and oxidizing conditions.
Blue Economy and Blue Ocean Strategy
Authors: Selamoglu Mesut
Published: April 2022

Oceans are becoming increasingly important in facilitating international trade by connecting vendors and customers. As the interaction between land and water grows in its function and relevance, economic and regulatory attention should be paid to the behavior patterns of such connecting facilitators on the oceans. Against this backdrop, the notion of the "Blue Economy" was born. A review of the literature is conducted in order to determine a suitable definition for the Blue Economy. These definitions are examined in terms of the very minimum requirements for a Blue Economy. The article also tries to organize the many sorts of activity related to ocean services. It is really done with the goal of identifying what one would consider to be the primary considerations for the Blue Economy's growth. Article further proposes that blue oceans can be created via radical innovation, disruptive innovation, frugal innovation, and purely differentiation strategy and focused differentiation strategy rather than only value innovation. Furthermore, we suggest that strategy canvas is applicable not only for value innovation but all types of innovation. We, thus extend the boundaries of sources of blue oceans. Lastly, we explore if sustainable competitive advantage or blue oceans ae better sources of profitability.
Impact of Rainfall Variability on Maize Production in the NDOP Plain, North West Region of Cameroon (1990-2015)
Authors: Tume Suiven John Paul
Published: April 2022

This study assesses the impact of rainfall patterns from 1990-2015 on maize production in the NDOP Plain of the Bamenda Highlands of Cameroon since maize is a staple food and cash crop in the area. Data on rainfall and maize output were collected from 1990 to 2015 and represented in time series. The rainfall data were further analysed using Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI), to establish critical periods of rainfall deficiencies. Results indicate that rainfall and maize production trends were increasing from 146.94 mm/month in 1990 to 220.03 mm/month in 2015 and ~0.28 tons/ha in 1990 to ~4.2 tons/ha in 2015 respectively. With uncertainties on the future of the rainfall pattern, the coefficient of variation was 22.03% (unreliable), and farmers should build resilience through agroecology, climate-smart agriculture, conservation agriculture and diversification of production systems.
Developing the Role of Proton Beam Therapy in Oesophageal Cancer
Authors:   , Nicholas Owen J. A.
Published: April 2022

Oesophageal cancer continues to be associated with a poor prognosis. Proton beam therapy’s distinct physical characteristics widen the therapeutic ratio in oesophageal cancer and has the potential to improve outcomes. This thesis aims to examine how proton beam therapy may improve outcomes in oesophageal cancer and documents efforts to expand its role. In Chapter 2, a comprehensive systematic literature review demonstrates the paucity of high-quality evidence in this field. Following this, a series of radiotherapy planning studies investigates potential dosimetric advantages of proton beam therapy for distal oesophageal cases. In chapter 3, proton beam therapy is shown to reduce lung and heart dose compared to photon radiotherapy. Normal tissue complication probability modelling establishes that this may reduce the risk of treatment related pulmonary and cardiac toxicity. Chapter 4 demonstrates that spleen dose constraints may successfully be introduced in oesophageal cancer for proton and photon plans, potentially resulting in lower lymphopenia rates and greater immune sparing. Chapter 5 highlights the impact of different beam arrangements on dose to organs at risk and individual cardiac substructures. The latter half of the thesis highlights work underpinning the development of novel clinical trials of proton beam therapy in oesophageal cancer. Chapter 6 details the work of creating a radiotherapy delineation protocol by comparing two established protocols in a delineation comparison study, showing that geometric expansion of volumes results in more consistent target volumes compared to ‘free-hand’ delineation. In chapter 7, public and patient involvement work is shown to inform and refine the design of a two new trials of proton beam therapy in oesophageal cancer. A final chapter discusses and summarises the current areas of interest in this field, expanding on current trial development work and future directions.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL BERBASIS GUIDED NOTE TAKING (GNT) PADA PEMBELAJARAN KIMIA SMA
Authors: Suriani Teti , Utami Lisa
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis research aimed at designing Guided Note Taking (GNT) based module that was valid based on the validation by the experts of material and media, teacher practicality, and student response on Atomic Structure and Periodic System of the Elements lesson.  It was R&D (Research and Development) with 4-D development model.  It was administered at State Senior High School 12 Pekanbaru and it was conducted to the tenth-grade students of MIPA 4.  The module could be stated proper if it complied the valid and practical aspects. Validity could be seen from the results of validation that the validation sheet was used.  The percentage of the validation result by the experts of material overall was 94.74% and it was on very valid category.  The percentage of the validation result by the experts of media overall was 86.6% and it was on very valid category.  Practicality test was conducted to 3 teachers and it was obtained the result 84.44% and it was on very practical category. Student responses were obtained from 20 students, and the questionnaire result was 81.06% and it was on very good category. Keywords : Module, Guided Note Taking, Atomic Structure and Periodic System of the ElementsAbstrakPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kurangnya minat dan perhatian peserta didik dalam pembelajaran kimia sehingga diperlukan inovasi atau pembaharuan pada media pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang modul berbasis Guided Note taking (GNT) yang layak berdasarkan validasi ahli materi dan media, kepraktisan guru, dan respon siswa pada materi Struktur Atom dan Sistem Periodik Unsur. Jenis penelitian ini adalah R&D dengan model 4-D dengan tahapan (1) pendefenisian (define), (2) Perancangan (design), (3) Pengembangan (develop). Modul dapat dikatakan layak apabila memenuhi aspek valid dan praktis. Validitas dapat dilihat dari hasil validasi yang digunakan. Persentase hasil validasi ahli materi secara keseluruhan adalah 94,74% dan termasuk dalam kategori sangat valid. Persentase hasil validasi ahli media secara keseluruhan adalah 86,6% dan termasuk dalam kategori sangat valid. Uji kepraktisan dilakukan kepada 3 orang guru diperoleh hasil 84,44% dan termasuk dalam kategori sangat praktis. Respon siswa diperoleh dari 20 siswa, dan hasil angket sebesar 81,06% berada pada kategori sangat baik.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA VIDEO ANIMASI MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI KINEMASTER PADA MATERI HIDROKARBON DI SMAN 1 INUMAN
Authors: Anggraini Reska Ayu , Yuhelman Nofri , Ningsih Jumriana Rahayu
Published: April 2022

Abstract This research on the development of animated video media using the kinemaster application aims to determine the feasibility of chemistry learning media on hydrocarbon materials for SMAN 1 Inuman. The data collection instruments used were material expert validation sheets, media expert validation sheets, linguist validation sheets and student response validation sheets. The data analysis technique used is by calculating the percentage score of the validation assessment. The results showed that the validation results met the valid categories of material experts by 91.93%, media experts by 90.00%, and linguists by 90.47%. This learning media also meets the valid category from the results of student responses with validation gains of 91.59%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the animated video learning media is very suitable to be used as a medium for learning chemistry on hydrocarbon materials.Keywords: Learning Media, Animation Videos, Kinemaster, Hydrocarbons    AbstrakPenelitian pengembangan media video animasi menggunakan aplikasi kinemaster ini betujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan dari media pembelajaran kimia pada materi hidrokarbon di SMAN 1 Inuman. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa lembar validasi ahli materi, lembar validasi ahli media, lembar validasi ahli bahasa dan angket respon siswa. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu dengan cara menghitung skor persentase penilaian validasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari hasil perolehan validasi memenuhi kategori valid dari ahli materi sebesar 91,93%, ahli media sebesar 90,00%, dan ahli bahasa sebesar 90,47%. Media pembelajaran ini juga memenuhi kategori valid  dari  hasil respon siswa dengan perolehan validasi sebesar 91,59%. Berdasarkan hasil perolehan tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran video animasi sangat valid digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran kimia pada materi hidrokarbon. Keywords: Media Pembelajaran, Video Animasi, Kinemaster, Hidrokarbon
Company Valuation for Initial Public Offering of PT Petronesia Benimel
Authors: Ramdhani Dadan Hikmat , Murtaqi Isrochmani
Published: April 2022

In the Long-Term Plan of PT Petronesia Benimel, the set sales growth per year from 2021 to 2025 is 30% per year. This is very possible to be realized, because in the next five years the company is still working on the Trans Sumatra Toll Road infrastructure project which is an assignment from the government to PT Hutama Karya (Persero), working on oil and gas projects, entering the mining business, and other infrastructure projects. To carry out these projects requires additional investment for working capital and capex spending. The company has determined that the source of funding for this will be obtained through an IPO. In order for the purpose of the IPO to get new funding can be carried out properly, then the value of the company at the time of the IPO must be worth offering. To find out this, the study conducted a valuation to provide an idea of the intrinsic value of the company that will be offered at the time of the IPO. Valuation is done by discounted valuation method for 2021 to 2030. The growth rate used is from 2021 to 2025 at 30% per year and since 2026 using declining growth with a decrease of 5% per year and will be stable at the level of 5%. The discount rate used is 16.42%. The calculation results obtained the intrinsic value of the company Rp 1,091,909,679,734. The company's equity book value amounted to Rp 537,376,950,787. The conclusion of this study is that the intrinsic value of the company is 2.03 times the book value of equity so that feasible to conduct IPO.
The Correlation of Risk Management and Internal Control in Budget RKAP 2020 PT Hutama Karya (Persero)
Authors: Sutarto Bambang Joko , Murtaqi Isrochmani
Published: April 2022

The income statement performance of PT Hutama Karya (Persero) for the last five years is very volatile and tends to decline. PT Hutama Karya (Persero) has not been able to maintain sustainable profit growth even though PT Hutama Karya (Persero) has high value-added resources. In 2020 the Company recorded revenues of IDR 21,643 billion or decreased by 17.99% compared to the previous year of IDR 26,392 billion. Meanwhile, compared to the annual target that has been prepared, the Achievement of revenue has reached 88.44% of IDR 24,473, gross profit has reached IDR 1,866 billion or 66,26 % of IDR 2,816 billion. The increase in the cost of revenue from 88,49 % to 91,38 % was the primary lead of not achieving gross profit other than unachieved revenue. The achievement of the company's target at this time which is facing high uncertainty related to the disruption era and VUCA – Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity phenomenon has caused very rapid changes so that we need a principle as a foundation in RKAP implementation, namely risk management and internal control. In this study, the author has conducted a Correlation Analysis to determine whether there is a correlation between two independent variables, namely Risk Management (X1) and Internal Control (X2), and one dependent variable, namely Target Achievement, and how strong that correlation is in Hutama Karya. Data used by the author is primary data from several sources such as the company financial statements, compliance scoring of risk management and internal control, and secondary data from reliable sites. The population for this study is from 112 Hutama Karya projects in 2020. This study has determined that Risk Management (X1) has a "Medium Correlation" to Target Achievement (Y), while Internal Control (X2) has a "Strong Correlation" to Target Achievement (Y). Also, Risk Management (X1) and Internal Control (X2) are simultaneously correlated to Target Achievement at the degree of "Strong Correlation".
DIALECTIC OF THE SPIRIT OF LAW FROM CHARLES LOUIS MONTESQUIEU TO THE PRESENT
Authors: FURSOV D.A.
Published: April 2022

Montesquieu’s legacy has not lost its relevance, so it is important to understand the development of his original ideas in contemporary conditions. Especially in terms of understanding the natural origin of human rights, the priority of justice over the law, the need to find a just solution in the stated conditions and circumstances. The present article highlights the main problems connected with the opposition of positive understanding of law to its naturallegal sense, the differences in the models of legal proceedings arising from this opposition. The author does not exclude the coincidence of the sense of law and law, but it does not happen very often. The reasons for the discrepancies stem from the fact that the legislator does not keep pace with the development of social relations, cannot regulate all the relations that give rise to judicial disputes, cannot anticipate within the walls of the legislature the palette of features that may be claimed in a particular case. Absolutization of the role of the law, its deification has no basis. The development of legislation in the direction of maximum filling the existing gaps seems to be deliberately unpromising, since the attempt to apply general norms containing prescriptions, to special social relations can lead to negative consequences. Therefore, the development of law is seen on the way of its supremacy, free of positivism.
Effets d’espacement et de répétition en contexte scolaire
Authors: Riopel Martin , McMullin Sophie Olivia
Published: April 2022

Les connexions neuronales du cerveau des élèves changent constamment pour permettre d'apprendre et de s'adapter. Cette plasticité cérébrale est influencée par différents facteurs dont l'un des plus importants en contexte scolaire est l’espacement relatif entre plusieurs périodes successives d'études. En effet, de plus en plus de résultats de recherche concernant les effets d’espacement et de répétition montrent que le positionnement judicieux de ces périodes peut faciliter considérablement l'apprentissage et la consolidation des connexions neuronales. Cet article présente quelques-uns de ces résultats et propose des principes facilitant leur mise en application en classe.
Public Awareness and Personal Hygienic Practices of Rural People in the COVID-19 Situation
Authors: Baral Prodip Kumar , Habiba Umme , Islam Md. Emdadul , Murad S. M. Woahid
Published: April 2022

Background: The study attempted to understand rural Bangladesh's health information, awareness level, and preventive measures in the Coronavirus disease -19 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey by face-to-face interview was conducted with rural people from 14 June 2020 to 13 August 2020. An ordered logistic regression model was employed for data analysis. A total of 3,007 people (Female = 55.97%; Male = 44.03%) participated in the survey who met the inclusion criteria.
Results: The demography of respondents revealed that a significant portion of villagers were within the ages 21-30 (26.80%), had primary education (23.88%), unemployed (31.73%), and middle class (56.17%). The most common and influential used media to know about the Coronavirus disease were electronic media and relative/family/friend/neighbors. Change of demography created a spectacular difference in public awareness level and hygiene practice. Female, illiterate, poor, and age above 60 were comparatively less aware of seven essential facts about the disease. There was no mentionable difference in personal hygienic practices due to sex. But particpants who were aged 51-60 years, graduates or postgraduates, unmarried, government or non-government employees and middle class exhibitedthe best hygiene practice over other features. Invariably, the education level of rural people had a positive effect on awareness and preventive measures.
Conclusions: Overall, the government and policymakers must identify vulnerable groups whose awareness and hygienic practices are not at the optimum level. Afterward, the government and related organizations should take necessary measures immediately to protect these groups from COVID-19 threats until the complete immunization.
Knowledge, Reflection and Strategy
Authors: Avery Mark
Published: April 2022

This first issue of the journal for 2022 brings a comprehensive range of contributions from a number of authors.

Reflection is a critically important process and opportunity that contributes to the development of strategy. Creating future opportunity stems from reflection on the past and engagement with issues of the current time. Research provides granular understanding for this.
Awareness of Jordanian Surgical Patients about COVID 19 During Peak of Epidemic at JUH
Authors: Aloweidi Abdelkarim , Abu Halaweh Sami , Al-Mustafa Mahmoud , Massad Islam , Qudaisat Ibrahim , El-Share Ahmad , Rwaidi Mohammad , Yousef Mohammad , Al-Nouti Mazen , Bsisu Isam , Aqel Mohammad
Published: April 2022

Around the first COVID-19 epidemic in Jordan, we aimed to explore awareness of COVID-19 (knowledge and attitudes) disease, treatment options, and preventive measures among patients who were admitted to Jordan University Hospital (JUH) and planned to undergo elective surgery over a period of 3 months in 2020.
This prospective cross-sectional article uses a questionnaire based survey which was provided to and was answered by patients themselves, then collected data was migrated to computer software and analyzed. The sample resulted in 292 patients. More than 95% were aware of the disease and and given age, educational levels and gender, we found no significant differences in knowledge and awareness of COVID-19 and protective and preventive measures. More than 60% of those surveyed were aware of COVID-19 serious complications and risk factors for developing them. Around 28% of patients who were admitted had significant anxiety from having COVID-19. The media appears to largely influence and spread some misconceptions about COVID-19 transmission and claimed therapies.
Studi Analisis Konsep Ideologi Marhaenisme Sukarno Sebagai Asas Perjuangan Bangsa Indonesia
Authors: Pratama Febri Fajar , Asyiah Ai Kusmiati , Chandra Deni
Published: April 2022

AbstractIdeology is important in the order of social and state life. Philosophically, the concept of ideology is very subjective. There are those who consider ideology as dogma, while others are concerned with linking ideology as political discourse and political views. Meanwhile, some think that ideology is based on the concrete interests of social class which is marked by the absence of interest on an economic basis. In the socio-historical context of the Indonesian nation, ideology is used as a "tool" for the struggle to form the mental, character, spirit and thoughts of anti-colonialism, so as to create a manifestation of the fundamental values of Indonesia in the form of Pancasila formulated by national figures. The purpose of this research is to study and analyze the concept of Sukarno's Marhaenism ideology which became the forerunner of thoughts/ideas about Pancasila. The method used is concept analysis with a qualitative approach. Based on the results of the analysis carried out, the results show that marhaenism conceptually emphasizes aspects of the struggle of the marhaens, namely the groups exploited by imperialism and capitalism so that they have difficulty being able to prosper themselves. The important elements in the ideology of Marxism are socio-nationalism, socio-democracy, mass-action, machtvorming, non-cooperation, and self-reliance. and self-reliance.--------------AbstrakIdeologi menjadi hal yang penting dalam tatanan kehidupan sosial maupun bernegara. Secara filosofis, konsep ideologi sangatlah subjektif. Ada yang menganggap ideologi sebagai dogma, ada juga yang menyangkutpautkan ideologi sebagai diskursus politik dan pandangan politik. Sedangkan sebagian lagi menganggap ideologi didasarkan pada kepentingan konkret kelas sosial yang ditandai oleh tidak adanya kepentingan atas dasar ekonomi. Dalam sosio-historis bangsa Indonesia, ideologi dijadikan sebagai “alat” perjuangan untuk membentuk mental, karakter, semangat dan pemikiran anti kolonialisme, sehingga terciptalah manifestasi dari nilai-nilai fundamental keindonesiaan berupa Pancasila yang dirumuskan oleh para tokoh nasional. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis konsep tentang ideologi Marhaenisme Sukarno yang menjadi cikal bakal pemikiran/gagasan mengenai Pancasila. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis konsep dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil dari analisis yang dilakukan didapatkan hasil bahwa marhaenisme secara konseptual menekankan pada aspek perjuangan kaum marhaen, yaitu kelompok yang dieksploitasi oleh imperialisme dan kapitalisme sehingga mereka kesulitan untuk bisa mensejahterakan dirinya. Adapun unsur-unsur penting dalam ideologi marhaenisme yaitu sosio-nasionalisme, sosio-demokrasi, aksi-massa, machtvorming, non-kooperasi, dan self-reliance.
Exploring the effectiveness and resilience of integrated conservation and development projects to global disruptions: a comparative case study in the Cook Islands and Tonga
Authors: De Waegh Roxane
Published: April 2022

Remote Coastal Communities (RCC) are at the forefront of humanitarian and climatic change. Faced with the stressors of sustaining growing populations in the context of natural resource degradation, RCC must also adapt to globalisation and the subsequent economic linkage and flows of resources and people. In an attempt to support the social-ecological wellbeing of marginalised communities, Integrated Conservation and Development Projects (ICDPs) were introduced in the late 1980s. Today, ICDPs, such as eco-tourism projects, are used to reduce reliance on natural resources, generate economic benefits, and increase local support for conservation. However, the effectiveness of ICDPs in meeting either conservation or development goals has long been debated. Furthermore, limited studies have explored the effectiveness and resilience of ICDPs to global disruptions. Based on the existing literature, it is unclear how major disruptions will impact RCCs in a globalised world and if ICDPs can effectively support the social-ecological wellbeing of host communities during and after global disruptions. This presentation will reveal preliminary findings from research in the Cook Islands and Tonga on the resilience and effectiveness of ICDPs in supporting the social-ecological wellbeing of two coastal communities in the wake of the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
From machine learning to deep learning: experimental comparison of machine learning and deep learning for skin cancer image segmentation
Authors: Kaur Ranpreet
Published: April 2022

Skin lesion analysis is a tedious and challenging task, thus, in this research the suitability of employing machine learning or deep learning approaches for automatic lesion segmentation on dermoscopic skin cancer images is determined. The segmented region can assist clinical experts in understanding the complex lesion structure and internal pattern to find the correct skin cancer type for its early diagnosis and prevention. In this study, I present two methodologies for performing lesion segmentation: machine learning-based optimized K-means with Firefly Algorithm (FA) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). In the first model, the FA is hybridized with K-means clustering based on the novel average intensity fitness function to optimize the segmentation map. It is observed in the experimental results that the K-means algorithm may lead to poor results due to the wrong selection of initial centroid value, thus FA is hybridized into it to improve the performance. The second model is an enhanced encoder-decoder-based CNN framework implemented in an end-to-end fashion. These two models are compared to understand whether machine learning or deep learning is suitable to perform medical image segmentation based on a few performance metrics such as accuracy, Intersection over Union (IoU), and DICE index. These methods are evaluated and compared on two benchmark datasets provided by the International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC) named ISIC 2016 [1] and ISIC 2017 [2]. Experimental results showed that the CNN model outperformed the machine learning model with an accuracy difference of 7.98% on ISIC 2016, and 7.32% on ISIC 2017. I concluded from the experimental findings that the deep learning model is more accurate and efficient in segmenting the lesion area as compared to the machine learning model. Thus, findings from this experimental work will be considered for the design of an automatic classification system by incorporating a deep learning-based segmentation approach as a pre-processing step.
A pilot study to test the effect of the autoimmune protocol diet in people with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: McNeill Julianne
Published: April 2022

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a systemic auto-immune disease characterised by severe inflammation of the synovial lining of joints and affects mobility and quality of life. In New Zealand, RA affects an estimated 101,000 adults (1). A popular diet on social media is the Auto-Immune Protocol (AIP), an elimination diet that removes food groups proposed to have a negative impact on autoimmune diseases. Small studies have shown its efficacy in several chronic conditions including multiple sclerosis (2) and inflammatory bowel disease (3). Anecdotally many with RA report alleviation of symptoms using the AIP diet. To date, it has not been clinically tested on RA patients. I am presently conducting a 12-week pilot study, which incorporates quantitative and qualitative research methods to investigate the efficacy and feasibility of the AIP diet for alleviating symptoms of RA. It comprises 2 phases: an initial 4-week control phase in which participants eat as usual, followed by an 8-week intervention in which subjects follow the AIP diet. Primary quantitative measures include changes in Patient Reported Outcome (PRO) questionnaires on quality of life, fatigue, pain, sleep, and emotional wellbeing. Three-day diet diaries will be analysed for nutrient intakes. Semi-structured interviews provide feedback on the experiences of the participants of the diet. Eleven participants with RA were recruited. Two withdrew at 4 weeks. Four have completed all 12 weeks of the study, with all completing by 14th November. This presentation shows preliminary findings. Results to date show, of four participants, three have improved PRO scores for pain, sleep, and fatigue, compared to the control period. The other started with a low score and remained unchanged. These results will give both RA patients and health professionals information on the efficacy of AIP as an adjunct treatment for RA.
Decolonising the Coloniser: Indigenous Education Practices in Mainstream Teacher Education Programmes (TEPs) in Hawaiʻi and Aotearoa
Authors: Worchel Jessica
Published: April 2022

This research project is intent on identifying opportunities for Teacher Education Programs (TEPs) in Hawaiʻi and Aotearoa to further normalise and integrate Indigenous education in mainstream contexts, and to support mainstream kumu/kaiako (educators) to deconstruct Eurocentric worldviews and build a kahua/kapupapa (foundation) in Indigenous knowedge systems (IK). Despite decades of advancement in the Indigenous education space, we are still confronted with a predominantly neo-colonial context for aʻo/ako (teaching and learning) where Indigenous education is viewed as a ‘side dish’ primarily for Indigenous students or as a ‘token’, but not as a kahua/kaupapa for all who reside in Hawaiʻi and Aotearoa. This research will provide critical guidance to transform the education system to support Indigenous resurgence and context and strategies for more effective collaboration between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples. This presentation will share the process that I, a non-Indigenous researcher, am using to implement an Indigenous Research Paradigm (IRP) incorporating Indigenous and Western traditions including kaupapa Māori, Kānaka ʻŌiwi (Native Hawaiian) methodologies, and critical pedagogy. Phase 1 of the research will use methods of oral storytelling to gather moʻolelo/kōrero (stories, narratives, history), ʻike/mātauranga (knowledge, wisdom), and manaʻo/whakaaro (opinions, ideas) from Indigenous leaders on: 1) a future vision for mainstream TEPs grounded in IK, and 2) how they see non-Indigenous kumu/kaiako being involved in the decolonization and Indigenization of education spaces. The moʻolelo/kōrero will be analyzed to develop an interview framework for Phase 2 of the research where select mainstream TEPs will be reviewed to determine how Indigenous education is currently presented. This will include interviews of staff and participants and content analysis. The findings will be organized into a guiding framework tailored to a mainstream audience in efforts to ‘decolonize the colonizer’ and advance goals to build authentic bicultural/multicultural models that uplift IK for all.
Leadership Affective Influences on Followers: A Daily Diary Study
Authors: Rashid Muhammad Salman
Published: April 2022

Leadership is inherently an affective phenomenon, and there is rising interest in understanding how affective processes can help leaders mobilize followers. Organizational leaders perhaps use affective displays to motivate and guide followers for achieving organizational goals. While the theory and evidence on the effectiveness of leadership affect is growing rapidly, extant research takes a static view of these affective processes. An emerging realization is that leadership factors can fluctuate in the short term and cast unique influences on followers. Therefore, the current study adopted an atypical approach and utilized a daily diary design (five days) to understand leader-follower daily affective influences. Specifically, I test leaders' positive and negative affect moderated by their use of natural emotions and then focus on transfer to followers' perceptions of interpersonal justice, the followers' positive and negative affect, and ultimately their job satisfaction. These relationships are tested using a sample of 75 leaders and 212 followers from Pakistan using multi-level analysis across three levels (leader, follower, days). Findings provide strong support for the daily affect-transfer model. I found that leaders' positive and negative affect varies on a daily basis, and it produces distinct influences on followers' daily job satisfaction directly and through mediation paths of followers' daily affect (i.e., emotional contagion) and followers' perception of leadership daily justice (i.e., cognitive interpretations). Moreover, results also highlight the key moderating role of leaders' use of natural emotions to enhance the effectiveness of positive affect and mitigate the adverse effects of leaders' negative affect. In this presentation, I will illustrate the significance of daily fluctuations in workplace affective displays and how leaders can use these displays to guide and motivate followers.
Experiences of Workplace Bullying in Church Workplaces: The case of South-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Chiabuotu Godspower
Published: April 2022

Workplace bullying as a growing social phenomenon has been intensively studied from various perspectives in the past two decades. What is known about bullying is that it is a complex phenomenon constantly encountered wherever there are social inequities, oppressive policies and power imbalances (Johnson, 2009). While much of what we know in literature on workplace bullying comes from the experiences of workers in non-religious organizations, little is known about the practice, nature, prevalence, and impact of bullying in Faith-Based Organizations (FBOs). The focus on Southeastern Nigeria (SEN) and church FBOs is predicated on the fact that Nigerian culture is steeped in religion and tradition. More importantly, SEN is chosen because Christianity is the dominant religion there. Through the establishment of schools and hospitals with employment opportunities, Churches have demonstrated the capacity to integrate social and economic values. Therefore, investigating cases of bullying in such a setting is aimed at expanding the frontiers of knowledge on what constitutes bullying, and what its impact is, in the experiences of church workers from Igbo population. This research will create awareness and develop a policy framework on workplace bullying for a safe work environment. This study is a qualitative design with semi-structured interviews and a purposive sample of 30 participants recruited from 11 FBOs. The first research question focused on church workers’ lived experiences and understanding of workplace bullying. Relying on a hermeneutic phenomenological approach as the philosophical underpinning of this study, and using thematic analysis, three significant findings emerged from the first research question. Workplace bullying is associated with labour exploitations through poor remuneration, work overload, and miscarriage of justice, which are symbols of slavery within Igbo culture. In this presentation, I will discuss poor remuneration from the perspective of Ubuntu which considers workplace bullying as a moral infraction.