bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel real‐time computational framework for detecting catheters and rigid guidewires in cardiac catheterization procedures
Authors: Ma YingLiang , Alhrishy Mazen , Narayan Srinivas Ananth , Mountney Peter , Rhode Kawal S.
Published: September 2018

Purpose

Catheters and guidewires are used extensively in cardiac catheterization procedures such as heart arrhythmia treatment (ablation), angioplasty, and congenital heart disease treatment. Detecting their positions in fluoroscopic X‐ray images is important for several clinical applications, for example, motion compensation, coregistration between 2D and 3D imaging modalities, and 3D object reconstruction.

Methods

For the generalized framework, a multiscale vessel enhancement filter is first used to enhance the visibility of wire‐like structures in the X‐ray images. After applying adaptive binarization method, the centerlines of wire‐like objects were extracted. Finally, the catheters and guidewires were detected as a smooth path which is reconstructed from centerlines of target wire‐like objects. In order to classify electrode catheters which are mainly used in electrophysiology procedures, additional steps were proposed. First, a blob detection method, which is embedded in vessel enhancement filter with no additional computational cost, localizes electrode positions on catheters. Then the type of electrode catheters can be recognized by detecting the number of electrodes and also the shape created by a series of electrodes. Furthermore, for detecting guiding catheters or guidewires, a localized machine learning algorithm is added into the framework to distinguish between target wire objects and other wire‐like artifacts. The proposed framework were tested on total 10,624 images which are from 102 image sequences acquired from 63 clinical cases.

Results

Detection errors for the coronary sinus (CS) catheter, lasso catheter ring and lasso catheter body are 0.56 ± 0.28 mm, 0.64 ± 0.36 mm, and 0.66 ± 0.32 mm, respectively, as well as success rates of 91.4%, 86.3%, and 84.8% were achieved. Detection errors for guidewires and guiding catheters are 0.62 ± 0.48 mm and success rates are 83.5%.

Conclusion

The proposed computational framework do not require any user interaction or prior models and it can detect multiple catheters or guidewires simultaneously and in real‐time. The accuracy of the proposed framework is sub‐mm and the methods are robust toward low‐dose X‐ray fluoroscopic images, which are mainly used during procedures to maintain low radiation dose.
Autocalibrated multiband CAIPIRINHA with through‐time encoding: Proof of principle and application to cardiac tissue phase mapping
Authors: Ferrazzi Giulio , Bassenge Jean Pierre , Wink Clarissa , Ruh Alexander , Markl Michael , Moeller Steen , Metzger Gregory J. , Ittermann Bernd , Schmitter Sebastian
Published: September 2018

Purpose

In conventional multiband (MB) CAIPIRINHA, additional reference scans are acquired to allow the separation of the excited slices. In this study, an acquisition‐reconstruction technique that makes use of the MB data to calculate these reference data is presented. The method was integrated into a 2D time‐resolved phase‐contrast MR sequence used to assess velocities of the myocardium.

Methods

The RF phases of the MB pulse are cycled through time so that consecutive cardiac phases can be grouped to form reference scans at a lower temporal resolution. These reference data are subsequently used to separate the original slices at the original, high temporal resolution using slice/split‐slice GRAPPA algorithms. Slice separation performances are evaluated and compared with conventional methods at 3 T, and 3 different strategies for the calibration of the kernels are proposed and compared. Finally, 6 subjects were scanned to assess velocities of the myocardium.

Results

Because the acquisition of external references is not needed, no additional breath‐holds are required and the full MB acceleration could be exploited. Because the reference and MB data have the same resolution and phase structure, better slice separation was achieved when comparing the proposed technique to conventional workflows. Finally, time‐resolved velocities of the myocardial tissue were successfully quantified from MB data, showing good agreement with single‐band measurements.

Conclusion

Our built‐in reference method allows the full exploitation of the MB acceleration and it limits the number of breath‐holds.
Carbon Dots/Cu2O Composite with Intrinsic High Protease‐Like Activity for Hydrolysis of Proteins under Physiological Conditions
Authors: Li Bin , Chen Daomei , Nie Minfang , Wang Jiaqiang , Li Yizhou , Yang Yepeng
Published: September 2018

Whereas a variety of inorganic nanomaterials possessing intrinsic peroxidase‐like activity have recently attracted considerable interest, little attention is given to explore their intrinsic protease‐mimic activities. And the construction of efficient enzyme mimetics for the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in proteins still represents a major technical challenge due to the high stability of peptide bonds and the importance of proteases in biology and industry. Herein, it is described for the first time that Cu2O‐decorated carbon quantum dots (CQDs/Cu2O) possess an intrinsic protease‐mimic activity to hydrolyze proteins including bovine serum albumin (BSA) and casein under physiological conditions. CQDs/Cu2O also features a desirable stability and good reusability. CQDs/Cu2O has a much higher affinity for BSA than trypsin. To the best of knowledge, this is the first example of protein hydrolysis by stable composite nanomaterials under physiological conditions which may open this catalytic system for a multitude of potential applications in biological systems.
Laser‐Induced Formation of CdS Crystallites in Cd‐Doped Amorphous Arsenic Sulfide Thin Films
Authors: Azhniuk Yuriy M. , Solonenko Dmytro , Dzhagan Volodymyr M. , Mukherjee Ashutosh , Loya Vasyl Y. , Grytsyshche Iaroslav V. , Lopushansky Vasyl V. , Gomonnai Alexander V. , Zahn Dietrich R. T.
Published: September 2018

As2S3:Cd films with nominal Cd content x up to 4 at.% were prepared by thermal evaporation. Their amorphous structure is confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. The film surface roughness estimated from atomic force microscopy does not exceed 1 nm. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy show a strong decrease of Cd content with the film depth. Peaks of CdS longitudinal optical phonon and its overtones emerging in the Raman spectra of films with x ≥ 2 at.% Cd are the evidence for the laser irradiation‐induced formation of CdS crystallites in the As2S3:Cd films. The downward shift of the CdS Raman peak frequencies is mainly explained by tensile strain undergone by the CdS crystallites in the films caused by material transfer from the laser spot due to the photoplastic effect.
Partial enzymatic reactions: A missed opportunity in proteomics research
Authors: Deng Jingren , Julian Morgan H. , Lazar Iulia M.
Published: September 2018

Rationale

Biological studies are conducted at ever‐increasing rates by relying on proteomic workflows. Although data acquisition by mass spectrometry is highly automated and rapid, sample preparation continues to be the bottleneck of developing high‐throughput workflows. Enzymatic protein processing, in particular, involves time‐consuming protocols that can extend from one day to another. To address this gap, we developed and evaluated simple, in‐solution tryptic enzymatic reactions that unfold within a few minutes, and demonstrate the utility of the methodology for the rapid analysis of proteins originating from cancer cell extracts.

Methods

Tryptic enzymatic reactions were conducted for 7–60 min, and the results were compared with that of a routine approach conducted for 18 h. No other reaction conditions were changed relative to the 18 h procedure. The reaction products were analyzed by nanospray high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (nano‐HPLC/MS/MS), and the quality of the products was assessed in terms of peptide/protein identifications, sequence coverage, peptide length, missed‐cleavage sites, quality of generated ions, and peptide hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties.

Results

The results demonstrate that brief, and therefore incomplete, enzymatic processes lead to a large number of peptide fragments that improve protein sequence and proteome coverage, that the tandem mass spectra produced from these peptides are of high quality for reliable protein identifications, and that the physical properties of peptides are prone to supporting the development of alternative multi‐dimensional separations and middle‐down proteomics analysis strategies. The reproducibility of generating the same peptides within a few minutes of enzymatic digestion was remarkably close to that obtained from 18 h long reactions, and the combined results of short and long reactions increased proteome coverage by ~40%.

Conclusions

We demonstrate that partial enzymatic reactions conducted on short time‐scales represent a valuable asset to proteomic studies, and propose their implementation either as simple, cost‐effective, stand‐alone protocols for substantially streamlining the analysis of biological samples, or as complementary protocols, for improving protein sequence and proteome coverage.
Finite‐time fault‐tolerant formation control for multiquadrotor systems with actuator fault
Authors: Zhao Xinyi , Zong Qun , Tian Bailing , Wang Dandan , You Ming
Published: September 2018

This paper investigates the distributed tracking control of a group of underactuated quadrotors in the presence of actuator faults in three‐dimensional space. Using consensus protocol and sliding mode algorithm, a distributed finite‐time fault‐tolerant formation control scheme is developed. The whole closed‐loop system is composed by position loop, attitude loop, and propeller speed loop. A propeller speed fault‐tolerant controller is developed to deal with the unexpected faults of quadrotors. The finite‐time stability of the closed‐loop system is guaranteed through Lyapunov analysis. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed algorithm is illustrated by some numerical simulations.
Physicochemical Studies on Nafion® Modified ZnO Interlayers for Enhanced Electron Transport in the Inverted Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Remya R. , Gayathri P. T. G. , Unni K. N. N. , Deb Biswapriya
Published: September 2018

Electron selective intermediate layers are crucial for both efficiency and stability of the inverted polymer solar cells (I‐PSCs). In this paper, an established low‐temperature (<130 °C) recipe to fabricate nano zinc oxide (ZnO) layers (L‐ZnO) exhibited typical values of power conversion efficiency (PCE∼3.3%) with the standard P3HT:PC61BM blend. However, PCEs showed further improvement up to ∼24% (∼ 4.08%) when these layers were annealed at 300 °C (H‐ZnO). This annealing step can be bypassed by adopting a slightly different chemistry using Nafion as a modifier (NM‐ZnO). I‐PSCs fabricated with NM‐ZnO showed nearly 40% increase in the PCE (∼4.62%) with PEDOT:PSS hole transport layers (HTL) that matches the so far highest recorded value for such a system. For the low‐bandgap polymer blend PBDTT‐FTTE:PC71BM, a peak efficiency of ∼6.77% was obtained compared to ∼5.34% with L‐ZnO (∼28% increase). Our experiments revealed that these enhancements were due to a combination of benefits obtained from Nafion modification such as favourable positioning of work function (WF), high band gap (Eg) and better transport characteristics through the layer interfaces.
A sample validation of the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ) in New Zealand
Authors: Sotardi Valerie A. , Watson Penelope W. St J.
Published: September 2018

The Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ) is a 56‐item scale measuring stress in 10 domains. The scale has been tested in a number of countries worldwide with mixed support. The current study tested the factor structure, construct validity, and reliability in a sample (n = 1,601) comprising a general population of adolescents in New Zealand. Support was found for the 10‐factor structure with adequate internal consistency as well as strong factorial invariance between male and female participants. Significant inverse correlations were found between all ASQ domains and both life satisfaction and perceived academic achievement. Most ASQ domains revealed gender differences, with female participants reporting greater stress than males. Toward a nonbinary perspective of gender, gender‐neutral participants reported greater stress than males and females in certain stress domains. Results based on regression analyses indicate that nonacademic ASQ domains were generally related to life satisfaction whereas academic ASQ domains were related to perceived academic achievement. Positive and negative interaction effects were observed between gender and ASQ domains on life satisfaction and academic achievement. Overall, the current results indicate that the ASQ appears to be a reliable, valid instrument for adolescent stress in New Zealand with relevance to perceived life satisfaction and achievement.
High Rate Performance for Carbon‐Coated Na3V2(PO4)2F3 in Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Broux Thibault , Fauth François , Hall Nikita , Chatillon Yohann , Bianchini Matteo , Bamine Tahya , Leriche Jean‐Bernard , Suard Emmanuelle , Carlier Dany , Reynier Yvan , Simonin Loïc , Masquelier Christian , Croguennec Laurence
Published: September 2018

The electrochemical and structural properties of a series of three different Na3V2(PO4)2F3 samples (with or without carbon coatings of different natures), obtained via different synthesis methods, are compared through operando high‐resolution synchrotron X‐ray diffraction. The pristine materials all possess negligible quantities of oxygen defects, as probed by the b/a lattice parameters ratios and solid‐state NMR. Operando X‐ray diffraction recorded during charge at C/2 reveals subtle differences between the samples (of different particle size, morphology, and carbon‐coating nature) in the crystallinity of the intermediate compositions formed within the Na3V2(PO4)2F3–NaV2(PO4)2F3 phase diagram. A new temperature‐controlled operando cell is used to determine this phase diagram at 0 °C, mostly unchanged compared to that of recorded at 25 °C. Very high charging and discharging rates are demonstrated and intermediate compositions can be spotted operando even up to 25 C rate at which the compositional phase diagram is only slightly altered compared to that recorded under equilibrium conditions. Optimized carbon‐coated Na3V2(PO4)2F3 shows exceptional rate and electrochemical cycling capabilities, as demonstrated by hard carbon//Na3V2(PO4)2F3 18650 prototypes of 75 Wh kg−1 that can be charged or discharged 4000 times at 1 C rate.
A multitime‐steps‐ahead prediction approach for scheduling live migration in cloud data centers
Authors: Duggan M. , Shaw R. , Duggan J. , Howley E. , Barrett E.
Published: September 2018

One of the major challenges facing cloud computing is to accurately predict future resource usage to provision data centers for future demands. Cloud resources are constantly in a state of flux, making it difficult for forecasting algorithms to produce accurate predictions for short times scales (ie, 5 minutes to 1 hour). This motivates the research presented in this paper, which compares nonlinear and linear forecasting methods with a sequence prediction algorithm known as a recurrent neural network to predict CPU utilization and network bandwidth usage for live migration. Experimental results demonstrate that a multitime‐ahead prediction algorithm reduces bandwidth consumption during critical times and improves overall efficiency of a data center.
Ontology population for open‐source intelligence: A GATE‐based solution
Authors: Ganino Giulio , Lembo Domenico , Mecella Massimo , Scafoglieri Federico
Published: September 2018

Open‐Source INTelligence is intelligence based on publicly available sources such as news sites, blogs, forums, etc. The Web is the primary source of information, but once data are crawled, they need to be interpreted and structured. Ontologies may play a crucial role in this process, but because of the vast amount of documents available, automatic mechanisms for their population are needed, starting from the crawled text. This paper presents an approach for the automatic population of predefined ontologies with data extracted from text and discusses the design and realization of a pipeline based on the General Architecture for Text Engineering system, which is interesting for both researchers and practitioners in the field. Some experimental results that are encouraging in terms of extracted correct instances of the ontology are also reported. Furthermore, the paper also describes an alternative approach and provides additional experiments for one of the phases of our pipeline, which requires the use of predefined dictionaries for relevant entities. Through such a variant, the manual workload required in this phase was reduced, still obtaining promising results.
Reversible Phase Transformation in Polycrystalline TRIP Steels Induced by Cyclic Indentation Performed at the Nanometric Length Scale
Authors: Roa Joan Josep , Sapezanskaia Ina , Fargas Gemma , Kouitat Richard , Redjaïmia Abdelkrim , Mateo Antonio Manuel
Published: September 2018

Metastable austenitic stainless steels are an interesting group of materials, which exhibit the Transformation Induced Plasticity effect. In this regard, phase transformation from austenite to martensite enhances the work hardening of the metastable austenitic stainless steels affecting the deformation dynamics and mechanical properties including fatigue properties. Within this context, the reversible load‐induced phase transformation from γ to ϵ‐martensite is investigated at the local scale under cyclic indentation. This reversible phase transformation is manifested itself by a combination of hysteresis loops, elbow formation, and reversible pop‐ins in the loading curve. The initial cyclic achieved through the nanoindentation technique allows to identify three different deformation regimes for the <111> austenitic grains. Firstly, a softening effect takes place due to the dislocation activation; subsequently the phase transformation induces a hardening effect and finally, the load deformation curve reaches a plateau where no more plastic deformation is observed.
Age, Growth, and Reproduction of Vermilion Snapper in the North‐Central Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Moncrief Trevor , Brown‐Peterson Nancy J. , Peterson Mark S.
Published: September 2018

Vermilion Snapper Rhomboplites aurorubens is a commonly harvested species of reef fish in the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) and supports large commercial and recreational fisheries. Vermilion Snapper (139–535 mm TL) were collected from May 2015 through October 2016 from artificial and natural reefs in the north‐central GOM. Ages ranged from 0.8 to 13 years, and there was no significant difference in growth between males and females. Nonlinear curve fitting was used to estimate growth parameters and Akaike information criterion (AIC) was used to determine relative model fit. The two‐parameter von Bertalanffy growth function provided the best model fit and lowest ΔAIC score. Histological examination indicated that Vermilion Snapper are batch spawners with asynchronous oocyte development. Additionally, 17% of female Vermilion Snapper in the actively spawning subphase had 24‐h postovulatory follicles (POF) suggesting daily spawning is occurring. No immature fish of either sex were collected during this study. Both histologically determined phases and gonadosomatic index patterns defined a spawning season occurring from April through September. The spawning interval for Vermilion Snapper, 1.3 and 2.1 d, was estimated using the hydrated oocyte and POF methods, respectively. Batch fecundity estimates from 5,497 to 284,468 eggs per batch were determined using fish macroscopically classified as actively spawning (n = 25), and total annual fecundity was estimated to range from 450,754 to 32,549,776 eggs per spawning season. Mean relative batch fecundity was 70.7 eggs/g of gonad‐free body weight. Estimates from this study can be directly incorporated into population assessments and provide a region‐specific overview of the life history for the Vermilion Snapper from the north‐central GOM.
Pyrazole Based Mono‐ and Di‐Substituted Half Sandwich d6 Platinum Group Metal Complexes: Synthesis and Spectral Characterization
Authors: Aradhyula Basava Punna Rao , Mawnai Ibaniewkor L. , Kollipara Mohan Rao
Published: September 2018

Reactions of pyrazole based ligand and halide bridged arene d6 metal precursors resulted a series of mono and di‐substituted pyrazole based half sandwich d6 metal complexes. In general, they are formulated as [(arene)MLCl2] [M = Ru, arene = benzene (1), p‐cymene (2), arene = Cp*, M = Rh (3) and Ir (4)] and [(arene)ML2Cl] [M = Ru, arene = benzene (5), p‐cymene (6), arene = Cp*, M = Rh (7) and Ir (8)]. All these complexes were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques (IR, 1H NMR, ESI‐MS, and UV/Vis). The molecular structures were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction technique. Spectroscopic studies revealed that complexation i.e., mono‐ and di‐substitution occurred by the ratio‐based reaction between pyrazole ligand and metal precursor through the neutral nitrogen rather than protic nitrogen. In these complexes deprotonation of the protic nitrogen does not occur unlike the other complexes containing pyrazole derivatives, in which the pyrazole ligand is anionic.
Comparison of the nutritional content of the captive and wild diets of the critically endangered mountain chicken frog (Leptodactylus fallax) to improve its captive husbandry
Authors: Jayson Stephanie , Ferguson Amanda , Goetz Matthias , Routh Andrew , Tapley Benjamin , Harding Luke , Michaels Christopher J. , Dawson Jeff
Published: September 2018

It is vital to provide appropriate nutrition to maintain healthy populations in conservation breeding programs. Knowledge of the wild diet of a species can be used to inform captive diet formulation. The nutritional content of the wild diet of the critically endangered mountain chicken frog (Leptodactylus fallax) is unknown, like that of most amphibians. In this study, we analyzed the nutritional content of food items that comprise 91% of the wild diet of L. fallax, by dry weight of food items, and all food items offered to captive L. fallax at ZSL London Zoo and Jersey Zoo. We subsequently compared the nutritional content of the wild diet and captive diet at ZSL London Zoo consumed by L. fallax. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to directly compare the nutritional content of the wild and captive diets of an anuran amphibian. The captive diet at ZSL London Zoo, without dusting of nutritional supplements, was higher in gross energy and crude fat and lower in ash, calcium and calcium:phosphorus ratio than the wild diet. Most of the food items in the captive diets had a high omega‐6:omega‐3 fatty acid ratio and in the wild diet had a low omega‐6:omega‐3 fatty acid ratio. We recommend a combination of modifications to the captive diets to better reflect the nutritional content of the wild diet. Nutritional analysis of captive and wild diets is recommended for other species in conservation breeding programs to improve captive husbandry and ultimately fitness.
Case Study: Kaospilots—From Passive Listeners to Global Change Agents
Authors: Lähdemäki Jenna
Published: September 2018

In this case study, the focus is on Kaospilot, an entrepreneurship and design school located in Aarhus, Denmark. The Finnish Innovation Fund, Sitra, has been working with the vision of a sustainable well-being society. Sustainable well-being refers to the pursuit of a ‘good life’ within the earth’s carrying capacity. This means that well-being is addressed in a holistic way and that humanity is consequently adjusting to the planetary boundaries. The other principles of a sustainable well-being society are in the empowering of individuals and communities, moving to a regenerative and collaborative economy, building competencies for a complex world, and developing inclusive and adaptive governance. When I visited Kaospilot in Aarhus, I was interested in terms of both ‘if’ and ‘how’ the Kaospilot education could take these myriad themes into account.
Case Study: The Finnish National Curriculum 2016—A Co-created National Education Policy
Authors: Lähdemäki Jenna
Published: September 2018

This case study aims to study and analyse what appears to be a successful co-created educational policy—the ‘Finnish National Curriculum 2016’. The author wished to understand the factors behind the success of the curriculum process, how ownership was created during the process and what school principals and other education professionals think about the curriculum content, as well as the processes and methodology. Questions abound. What are its strengths and weaknesses and does the curriculum pull schools closer towards their purpose? The Finnish education system has been celebrated as a twenty-first century global success story—what role does a national curriculum play in this story and how does it take the education system closer to enabling sustainable well-being? Does the progressive value-base and content of the curriculum successfully transfer to the classroom?
Unlocking the Future of Learning by Redesigning Educator Learning
Authors: Rubin Adam , Brown Ali
Published: September 2018

Over the past one hundred years, systems of free, public education have been powerful engines of change, propelling societies to realize greater potential socially and economically and socially. We are at a moment where education is again needed to help address the significant and complex challenges facing our respective nations and the planet. Educators are a critical part of engineering that paradigm shift. There is the need to fundamentally rethink the structure of how we train and support educators, which can unlock their potential to be more effective agents of change, thereby promoting greater sustainability and well-being in students, among fellow educators and on the broader system itself. In this chapter, we tell the story of how our system of education is currently not working for kids or most of the adults in it; we set the context by examining megatrends for what’s currently impacting education; we lay out the logic for why rethinking how adults in the system learn is a priority with an example of what the future of educator learning could be. In conclusion, this chapter makes an argument for why rethinking professional learning has the power to transform education systems moving forward.
Risk Factors for Late‐Onset Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage After Pancreatoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Nagai Minako , Sho Masayuki , Akahori Takahiro , Nishiwada Satoshi , Nakagawa Kenji , Nakamura Kota , Tanaka Toshihiro , Nishiofuku Hideyuki , Kichikawa Kimihiko , Ikeda Naoya
Published: September 2018

Background

Late‐onset gastrointestinal hemorrhage after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) occasionally occurs repeatedly or leads to a serious condition. This retrospective study aimed to clarify its frequency and pathogenesis.

Methods

A total of 147 consecutive patients who underwent PD for pancreatic cancer between 2006 and 2014 were evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of late‐onset gastrointestinal hemorrhage on postoperative day 100 or later. Furthermore, recurrence and portal vein (PV) hemodynamics were thoroughly reevaluated by computed tomography.

Results

Eleven patients experienced late‐onset gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The bleeding sites were gastrojejunostomy in four patients, choledochojejunostomy in two, transverse colic marginal vein in one, and unknown in four. The median occurrence time of late‐onset gastrointestinal hemorrhage was 13.3 months after PD. PV occlusion (63.6 vs. 8.9%; p < 0.001), no patency of PV–splenic vein (SPV) confluence (54.5 vs. 12.7%; p = 0.002), and SPV ligation (36.4 vs. 9.6%; p = 0.025) were found to be significant risk factors for late‐onset gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Among 11 patients who experienced late‐onset gastrointestinal hemorrhage, 7 had PV occlusion and 6 had local recurrence.

Conclusions

Our data suggested for the first time that both oncologic and non‐oncologic factors might contribute to late‐onset gastrointestinal hemorrhage after PD for pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, PV occlusion, no PV–SPV patency, and SPV ligation were found to be significant risk factors for late‐onset gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Therefore, to prevent late‐onset gastrointestinal hemorrhage, we must consider various approaches to maintain the patency of the PV and SPV.
Coronary Renal Shunt with Splenectomy (CRSS) for Selective Variceal Decompression
Authors: Tian Mingguo , Yang Yong , Jia Dong
Published: September 2018

Background

Distal splenorenal shunt and coronary caval shunt are commonly used for selective decompression of esophagogastric varices, but they may not solve severe hypersplenism and their application may be hampered by the presence of splenic venous thrombosis or a left gastric vein (LGV) situated deeply behind the pancreas. On the other hand, some patients have an LGV entering the splenic vein (SV). We tried to work out a new selective shunt for this group of patients.

Methods

Sixteen patients with severe hypersplenism and esophagogastric varices received coronary renal shunt using the SV following splenectomy. After splenectomy, the proximal portion of the SV and the LGV was isolated from the pancreas. The isolated SV was divided at a point 3–5 cm left to its junction with the LGV. The proximal orifice was anastomosed to the left renal vein, and the distal orifice was ligated. A clip was applied to the SV for occlusion between the portal vein and LGV. The right gastric and gastroepiploic vessels were divided to block backflow from the portal vein and to reduce the arterial inflow of the varices.

Results

No operative mortality or procedure‐related complications occurred. Postoperative computed tomography and endoscopy showed that all the shunts were patent and that the varices had been obliterated or markedly alleviated. In the 6–36 months’ follow‐up period, no recurrent variceal hemorrhage or encephalopathy occurred.

Conclusion

Coronary renal shunt combined with splenectomy can achieve the goal of selective decompression of esophagogastric varices. It would become an alternative means of selective variceal decompression for patients whose LGV enters the SV.
Telling a Story Via Tumblr Analytics: Europe’s Young Muslim Female Attraction
to ISIS
Authors: Ben-Israel Galit M.
Published: September 2018

This article is part of an effort to understand the enthusiasm, attraction and admiration
of the organization “Islamic State in Iraq and Syria” (ISIS) among the young Muslim female
in Western Europe. The article specifically focuses on microblogging (Tumblr and Twitter)
contents of young Muslim girls from Western Europe. The study offers a review of
ISIS-adoring Tumblr fangirls in the West through the prism of cultural interpretation. The
young girls, whether themselves manipulated or manipulating others, become part of a
worldwide viral system produced in perfect unison and generating propaganda enticing more
and more young Muslim girls in the West to become viral ISIS recruits. After maintaining for
a while Tumblr and Twitter accounts, some of them even undergo the “giant leap” and migrate
to the “Islamic State” in Syria, continuing there to reinforce their blogging and twittering
efforts, reporting on their daily lives and attempting to tempt or to trap more young girls
to join the new “Islamic State”.
Intimacy Through Casual Sex: Relational Context of Sexual Activity and Affectionate Behaviours
Authors: Garcia Justin R. , Gesselman Amanda N. , Massey Sean G. , Seibold-Simpson Susan M. , Merriwether Ann M.
Published: September 2018

Little is known about the role of affectionate behaviours — factors traditionally understood within the context of romantic relationships — in uncommitted ‘casual sex’ encounters. In a sample of U.S. undergraduate emerging adults aged 18–25 years (N= 639) we conducted a preliminary internet-based questionnaire investigation into the role of affectionate behaviours — operationalised here as cuddling, spending the night and cuddling, foreplay, and eye gazing — across two sexual relationship contexts: (committed) traditional romantic relationships and (uncommitted) casual sex encounters. While affectionate behaviours were desired more often in romantic relationships than in casual sexual encounters, many respondents (both men and women) engaged in these affectionate behaviours during casual sexual encounters as well. This was especially pronounced in those who expressed a preference for casual sex encounters over romantic relationships: in a casual sex context these participants were about 1.5 times as likely to cuddle, 1.5 times as likely to spend the night and cuddle, and nearly 5 times as likely to engage in foreplay with a partner. The current study emphasises the importance of considering relationship context in sexuality and relationship research, and the need for further theoretical and empirical research on dimensions of intimacy, including affection, in people's diverse romantic and sexual lives.
(POETIC) LICENCE TO KILL: APOLLO, THE PYTHON, AND NICANDER'STHERIACAIN OVID,METAMORPHOSES1
Authors: Campbell Celia
Published: September 2018

The identification of the quarrel between Cupid and Apollo atMet. 1. 452–73 as a Callimacheanrecusatiohas become a noted feature of scholarly discussion on this passage. Cupid and Apollo's encounter stands as a favoured starting point for the ongoing analysis of generic interplay within Ovid's sprawling work; this is hardly surprising, given its consideration as a programmatic, exemplary triumph of elegy over epic. Although genre studies on theMetamorphoseshave represented an enduring presence in Ovidian discourse since Heinze's pioneering work, genre's evolution into what some deem a pet scholarly obsession within studies of the poet has garnered both admiration and revilement. Given the multiplicity of discussions prominently featuring this very episode, it would not seem unfair to deem any addition superfluous. However, adding to the surfeit of analyses is exactly my intention here, with the view that there are yet a few elements that have gone unremarked or underexplored, and that such elements can illuminate further the complex interplay between epic and elegy here on display. Namely, I will suggest that the dynamic created by the difference in accounts of the Python's slaying (Ov.Met.1.441–4 versus 1.456–60) has not been appreciated fully for its role in the debasement of epic poetry that leads into and consequently informs the programmatic myth sequence of Apollo and Daphne, and that this dynamic finds an overarching explanation by supplying reference to a passage from Nicander'sTheriaca. Using Nicander as a literary source, coupled with recognition of both the fictive touches and the weighted literary critical language that Apollo retrospectively applies to his deed, allows us to reinterpret this passage and provides a further example of Ovid's careful strategies of narrative and tone.
ANOTHERPERI TECHNESLITERATURE: INQUIRIES ABOUT ONE'S CRAFT AT DODONA
Authors: Hulme Kozey Emily
Published: September 2018

Elite, Athenian, male – all three adjectives usually apply to our sources on the ancient world, and the study of ancient ethics (including even so-called ‘popular morality’) is no different in this respect. There are, however, a few exceptional sources that provide a window into a more diverse population and their hopes, desires, values, and insecurities. In the following, I wish to highlight one of these – the corpus of oracularlamellaefrom Dodona – and demonstrate how this body of evidence can shed new light on an old question. Specifically, I will consider what we can learn abouttechne(art, craft, profession) from these tablets; but in addition I hope readers with an interest in ancient ethics will see how promising this source is for further study on other topics. As I will show, alongside the better knownperi technesliterature – a group of texts from the fifth and fourth centuriesbcethat discuss medicine and other crafts from a theoretical standpoint – there is a small corpus of texts from Dodona that uses this same phrase and discusses the crafts from a far more practical perspective. The object of this article will be to show how these two corpora are mutually enlightening.
Greek History
Authors: Vlassopoulos Kostas
Published: September 2018

This is a particularly rich crop of books on Greek history. I commence with two important volumes on citizenship in archaic and classical Greece. Traditional narratives of Greek citizenship are based on three assumptions: that citizenship is a legal status primarily linked to political rights; that there was a trajectory from the primitive forms of archaic citizenship to the developed and institutionalized classical citizenship; and that the history of citizenship is closely linked to a wider Whig narrative of movement from the aristocratic politics of archaic Greece to classical Athenian democracy.
General
Authors: Petrovic Ivana , Petrovic Andrej
Published: September 2018

I was very excited to get my hands on what was promising to be a magnificent and extremely helpfulHandbook of Rhetorical Studies, and my expectations were matched – and exceeded! This handbook contains no less than sixty contributions written by eminent experts and is divided into six parts. Each section opens with a brief orientation essay, tracing the development of rhetoric in a specific period, and is followed by individual chapters which are organized thematically. Part I contains eleven chapters on ‘Greek Rhetoric’, and the areas covered are law, politics, historiography, pedagogy, poetics, tragedy, Old Comedy, Plato, Aristotle, and closing with the Sophists. Part II contains thirteen chapters on ‘Ancient Roman Rhetoric’, which similarly covers law, politics, historiography, pedagogy, and the Second Sophistic, and adds Stoic philosophy, epic, lyric address, declamation, fiction, music and the arts, and Augustine to the list of topics. Part III, on ‘Medieval Rhetoric’, covers politics, literary criticism, poetics, and comedy; Part IV, on the Renaissance contains chapters on politics, law, pedagogy, science, poetics, theatre, and the visual arts. Part V consists of seven essays on the early modern and Enlightenment periods and is decidedly Britano-centric: politics, gender in British literature, architecture, origins of British Enlightenment rhetoric, philosophy (mostly British, too), science, and the elocutionary movement in Britain. With Chapter 45 we arrive at the modern age section (Part VI), with two chapters on feminism, one on race, and three on the standard topics (law, political theory, science), grouped together with those on presidential politics, New Testament studies, argumentation, semiotics, psychoanalysis, deconstruction, social epistemology, and environment, and closing with digital media. The volume also contains a glossary of Greek and Latin rhetorical terms. As the editor states in his Introduction, the aim of the volume is not only to provide a comprehensive history of rhetoric, but also to enable those interested in the role of rhetoric in specific disciplines or genres, such as law or theatre and performance, to easily find those sections in respective parts of the book and thus explore the intersection of rhetoric with one specific field in a chronological sequence.
Metacommunity structure of the helminths of the black-eared opossumDidelphis auritain peri-urban, sylvatic and rural environments in south-eastern Brazil
Authors: Costa-Neto S.F. , Cardoso T.S. , Boullosa R.G. , Maldonado A. , Gentile R.
Published: September 2018

Among the Brazilian marsupials, the species of the genusDidelphisare the most parasitized by helminths. This study aimed to describe the species composition and to analyse the helminth communities of the Atlantic Forest common opossumDidelphis auritaat infracommunity and component community levels using the Elements of Metacommunity Structure Analysis, considering peri-urban, sylvatic and rural environments in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Seventy-three specimens ofD. auritawere captured during the study. Fourteen species of helminths were collected: nine of the phylum Nematoda (Trichuris minuta,Trichuris didelphis,Globocephalus marsupialis,Heterostrongylus heterostrongylus,Travassostrongylus orloffi,Viannaia hamata,Aspidodera raillieti,Cruzia tentaculataandTurgida turgida); four of the phylum Platyhelminthes (three species of Trematoda,Duboisiella proloba,Brachylaima advenaandRhopalias coronatus, and one species of the class Cestoda); and one species of the phylum Acanthocephala (Oligacanthorhynchus microcephalus). More than 95% of the animals were infected with parasites. The most abundant parasite species wereV. hamata,T. turgida,C. tentaculataandT. orloffi. The nematodesT. turgida,C. tentaculataandA. raillietiwere the most dominant species in the three environments. The analysis of the metacommunity structure indicated a structured pattern as a function of the environmental gradient, but only when all localities were considered together. At the infracommunity and component community levels, quasi-nested and nested structures with stochastic species loss were observed, respectively. The results indicate that the settlement of helminth species in the opossums can be attributed to the heterogeneity among individual hosts in relation to their exposure to parasites and to extrinsic factors, which vary among habitats, considering a regional scale. On a local scale, the characteristics of this host species may promote homogenization among individual hosts in terms of their exposure to the helminths. This study constitutes a new host record for the speciesG. marsupialisandT. didelphisand represents a pioneering investigation of the helminth metacommunity of a Neotropical marsupial.
The creation of monolanguaging space in akrámáJavanese language performance
Authors: Tamtomo Kristian
Published: September 2018

Recent approaches to multilingualism, such as translanguaging, emphasize the porous, fluid, and hybrid nature of language use. This article intends to show, through an example of a local language debating competition in Central Java, that culturally emblematic performances tend to create monolanguaging spaces, due to their monolingual focusing on certain language varieties that are iconic to local ethnolinguistic identity. Monolanguaging spaces are language ideological spaces in which speakers project an idealized performance of their ethnolinguistic identity. Ethnographic observation shows that the performance of monolanguaging spaces involves the erasure of speakers’ multilingual repertoires and translanguaging practices, in accordance to the language ideology surrounding the hegemonic prestigious language variety and in accordance to the local norms of status or power-based social interaction. Attending to monolanguaging spaces reveal it as a performance accomplished through discursive work and power relations, involving the misrecognition of its connection and dissonance to multilingual repertoires and practices. (Language ideology, erasure, translanguaging, monolanguaging space, performance, ethnolinguistic identity, Javanese)*
The Age of Economics
Authors: Cleveland Harlan
Published: September 2018

The triple revolution in the “underdeveloped areas” -the revolution of rising economic expectations, of rising resentment at inequality, and of rising determination to be free and independent—is plain to see in the words and actions of leaders all through Asia, Africa, and Latin America. These deep desires are all, of course, the product of Western example and Western philosophy. The rationalism of Greece, the Christian idea of the dignity of man, the self-confidence of Europe after the Renaissance, the American demonstration that equality and independence can succeed, and the objective success of the scientific method in producing power and prosperity in industrial nations—these elements in our tradition have converted the world. After uncounted centuries of ignorance and apathy, the ancient societies of Asia and Africa want to participate in the good things that seem to result, from these alien ideas.
The Varieties of Diplomacy
Authors: Fox William T. R.
Published: September 2018

In the world of the mid-twentieth century, dictation by any one power is impossible and wholesale agreement to federate is Utopian. We must therefore look for any possible agreement only on a retail basis, and this is a task for diplomatists. The choice is not whether to engage in diplomacy but how best to do so; that is, what tools to use in what combination. And how to make these tools as sharp and as precise as possible.

In the adjustment of disputes between state members of a multiple sovereignty system (that is, between states which cannot ordinarily coerce each other except at the risk of war), there are several broad avenues through which in theory at least the difficulty may be adjusted.
The Power to Negotiate
Authors: Platig E. Raymond
Published: September 2018

The Cold War objectives of both the United States and the Soviet Union are basic factors in any possible negotiation of differences. A third, perhaps more tangible, factor is the distribution of power between the two blocs. Ever since Sputnik I took to space there has been much speculation concerning the relative power positions of the Communist powers and the West.

One immediate but not too well-defined reaction to Sputnik I was that we ought to get down to serious negotiations with the Soviet Union immediately, since we seemed to have lost the race for military power. This approach to foreign policy is as dangerous as that of the crusading moralist. For the proposition which lies behind this position is that we can successfully negotiate with the Soviets from weakness.
“Ambiguist” Statesmanship
Authors: Herberg Will
Published: September 2018

John Courtney Murray's writing cannot fail to be profound and instructive, and I have profited greatly from it in the course of the past decade. But I must confess that his article, "Morality and Foreign Policy" (Worldview, May), leaves me in a strange confusion of mixed feelings. On the one hand, I can sympathize with what I might call the historical intention of the natural law philosophy he espouses, which I take to be the effort to establish enduring structures of meaning and value to serve as fixed points of moral decision in the complexities of the actual situation. On the other hand, I am rather put off by the calm assurance he exhibits when he deals with these matters, as though everything were at bottom unequivocally rational and unequivocally accessible to the rational mind. And I am really distressed at what seems to 3ie to be his woefully inadequate appreciation of the position of the "ambiguists," among whom I cannot deny I count myself.
The Politics of Fear
Authors: Ramsey Paul
Published: September 2018

In his reply to Philip Toynbee's passionate plea that capitulation now would be better than mutual nuclear destruction, printed along with other essays in The Fearful Choice, the Most Reverend Geoffrey Fisher, Archbishop of Canterbury, stated that “for all I know it is within the providence of God that the human race should destroy itself in this manner. There is no evidence that the human race is to last for ever and plenty of Scripture to the contrary effect.“
U.S. Military Policy and “Shelter Morality”
Authors: Ramsey Paul
Published: September 2018

The people of this country may at last have faced up to the realities of all-out nuclear warfare. Russia's resumption of nuclear tests and the 100-megaton bomb have awakened us, for a brief moment, from the dream of deterrence. Even if this has meant only ratiier panicky discussion of “shelter morality,” it is good that we have looked out on the world with open eyes. Before world events permit us to return again to our slumbers, this moment should be seized; the opportunity to think through the moral and political dilemmas long inherent in our massive deterrence policy should not be allowed to slip from us.