bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combining Clinical and Population-Level Data to Understand the Health of Neighborhoods
Authors: Chambers Earle C. , Wong Barbara C. , Riley Rachael W. , Hollingsworth Nicole , Blank Arthur E. , Myers Christa , Bedell Jane , Selwyn Peter A.
Published: January 2015

From February through December 2012, we examined responses to health behavior questions integrated into the electronic medical record of primary care centers in the Bronx, New York in the context of New York City Community Health Survey data. We saw a higher proportion of unhealthy behaviors among patients than among the neighborhood population. Analyzing clinical data in the neighborhood context can better target at-risk populations.
Too Little, Too Late: Ineffective Regulation of Dietary Supplements in the United States
Authors: Starr Ranjani R.
Published: January 2015

Millions of people in the United States consume dietary supplements hoping to maintain or improve their health; however, extensive research has failed to demonstrate the efficacy of numerous supplements in disease prevention. In addition, concerns about the safety of routine and high-dose supplementation have been raised.

The Food and Drug Administration regulates dietary supplement quality, safety, and labeling, and the Federal Trade Commission monitors advertisements and marketing; still, vast enforcement challenges remain, and optimal governmental oversight has not been achieved. If the composition and quality of ingredients cannot be reliably ensured, the validity of research on dietary supplements is questionable. Moreover, the health of the US public is put at risk.
A Comprehensive Approach to Address the Prescription Opioid Epidemic in Washington State: Milestones and Lessons Learned
Authors: Franklin Gary , Sabel Jennifer , Jones Christopher M. , Mai Jaymie , Baumgartner Chris , Banta-Green Caleb J. , Neven Darin , Tauben David J.
Published: January 2015

An epidemic of morbidity and mortality has swept across the United States related to the use of prescription opioids for chronic noncancer pain. More than 100 000 people have died from unintentional overdose, making this one of the worst manmade epidemics in history.

Much of health care delivery in the United States is regulated at the state level; therefore, both the cause and much of the cure for the opioid epidemic will come from state action.

We detail the strong collaborations across executive health care agencies, and between those public agencies and practicing leaders in the pain field that have led to a substantial reversal of the epidemic in Washington State.
Fast-Food Fights: News Coverage of Local Efforts to Improve Food Environments Through Land-Use Regulations, 2000–2013
Authors: Nixon Laura , Mejia Pamela , Dorfman Lori , Cheyne Andrew , Young Sandra , Friedman Lissy C. , Gottlieb Mark A. , Wooten Heather
Published: January 2015

Zoning and other land-use policies are a promising but controversial strategy to improve community food environments. To understand how these policies are debated, we searched existing databases and the Internet and analyzed news coverage and legal documentation of efforts to restrict fast-food restaurants in 77 US communities in 2001 to 2013. Policies intended to improve community health were most often proposed in urban, racially diverse communities; policies proposed in small towns or majority-White communities aimed to protect community aesthetics or local businesses. Health-focused policies were subject to more criticism than other policies and were generally less successful. Our findings could inform the work of advocates interested in employing land-use policies to improve the food environment in their own communities.
Self-Help for Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hartmann-Boyce Jamie , Jebb Susan A. , Fletcher Ben R. , Aveyard Paul
Published: January 2015

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the components and effectiveness of self-help weight-loss interventions and their applicability to less-advantaged populations.

We searched (November 2013) for randomized controlled trials comparing self-help interventions with each other or with minimal controls in overweight and obese adults, with 6 months or longer follow-up. We calculated mean difference between intervention and control for 6- and 12-month weight change.

Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria (9632 participants; 39 intervention arms). Intervention participants lost significantly more weight than controls at 6 months (mean difference −1.85 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −2.86, −0.83; 7 studies). No significant effect was detected at 12 months but results were sensitive to the inclusion of 1 study at high risk of bias. Interactive programs appeared more effective than standard ones at 6 months (mean difference −0.94 kg; 95% CI = −1.50, −0.38). Evidence is insufficient to reach conclusions on effectiveness in socioeconomically disadvantaged people, but suggests self-help interventions may be less effective in this group.
Experimental investigation of evaporation enhancement for water droplet containing solid particles in flaming combustion area
Authors: Glushkov Dmitrii , Kuznetsov Genii , Strizhak Pavel , Volkov Roman
Published: January 2015

The experimental study of integral characteristics of extinguishing liquid
(water) droplet evaporation in flaming combustion area has been held. Optical
methods of two-phase and heterogeneous mixtures diagnostics (?Particle Image
Velocimetry? and ?Interferometric Particle Imaging?) have been used for heat
and mass transfer process investigation. It was established that small-size
solid particles (for example, carbon particles) in droplet structure can
enhance water evaporation in flame area. It was shown that the rate of
evaporation process depends on concentration and sizes of solid particles in
a water droplet. The correlations have been determined between the sizes of
solid particles and water droplets for maximum efficiency of fire
extinguishing. The physical aspects of the problem have been discussed.
Thermal analyses of the lignite combustion in oxygen-enriched atmosphere
Authors: Chen Xiangyun , Zhang Yongfeng , Zhang Qiancheng , Li Chunping , Zhou Quan
Published: January 2015

In this work, the oxygen-enriched combustion behavior of indigenous lignite
was measured by a thermogravimetric analyzer (TG). Combustion tests were
carried out in N2/O2 atmosphere with an oxygen content ranging from 21% to
70 vol%.The data show that the calorific value per unit time (CVT) of the
lignite was improved with increased oxygen concentration. In order to reveal
the oxygen-enriched combustion process in detail, a new index of
characteristic temperature Tc was defined to indicate the fixed carbon
behavior during burning, and the combustibility indexes D?, Rw, and S were
calculated to determine the combustion performance. The functional relation
between CVT and oxygen concentration was determined by non-linear fitting
method. The results indicated that the relationship between CVT and oxygen
concentration fit the exponential function exactly.
The role of self-regulation in different approaches to learning
Authors: Mirkov Snezana
Published: January 2015

The paper presents the results of an empirical study aimed at analysing the
role of self-regulation in different approaches to learning that were
established in the previous studies. We examined whether certain categories
of metacognitive strategies were present in the deep, surface and
achievement-oriented approach. The sample included 560 first- to fifth-year
students of the Teacher Training Faculty, the Faculty of Philosophy and the
Faculty of Philology of the University of Belgrade. A shorter version of the
Instrument for measuring learning goals and strategies was applied. The
previous research had established that learning goals and strategies
comprised by this instrument were grouped into three second-order factors:
the surface, deep and achievement-oriented approach to learning. The items
from the Scale of students? metacognitive strategies were included. Factor
analysis confirmed the existence of the three approaches to learning that
include learning goals and strategies. We analysed the frequency of
individual approaches to learning on the total sample, the frequency of
individual approaches in the respondents of different gender and the
correlations of the approach to learning with the age, year of studies and
academic achievement. Different metacognitive strategies contribute to the
defining of the deep and achievement-oriented approach to learning, but they
do not occur in the surface approach to learning. According to the obtained
findings, self-regulation can play different roles in accordance with the
goals set by students and the strategies used in learning. The results of
this study point to possible directions of encouraging the deep approach to
learning and self-regulation at the university level, as well as in primary
and secondary school.
Classroom climate in Serbia: The perspective of primary school teachers
Authors: Sevkusic Slavica , Andjelkovic Sonja , Milin Vladeta
Published: January 2015

The goal of this research is to gain insight into the classroom climate in
schools in Serbia from the perspective of teachers. To realize this goal, we
set up two research questions: (1) How do teachers assess the importance of
certain aspects of the classroom climate and their own engagement in creating
favourable climate, and (2) which factors determine the quality of classroom
climate. We considered four dimensions of classroom climate: equality in
communication, social relationships between students, respect for students?
feelings and the organizing group work. The sample consisted of primary
school teachers in Serbia (N=1441), who completed a questionnaire made for
our research needs. The results of factor analysis confirmed the initial
assumption that the selected dimensions are related in terms of their
belonging to the same construct and sufficiently different to be considered
as selfcontained. The obtained results show that teachers in Serbia highly
value the importance of all researched aspects of the classroom climate and
believe that they are engaged to a large extent in creating a positive
classroom climate. Also, it was shown that teachers? gender and the teaching
level are the most important determinants of classroom climate quality.
Bearing in mind the limitations of the applied instrument it is concluded
that the results should be considered with caution and that future research
should include students? perspective, direct class observation and
qualitative methods to gain a more objective and more comprehensive
understanding of the classroom climate.
On certain aspects of the semantic development of younger primary school-age children
Authors: Stevanovic Jelena , Lazarevic Emilija
Published: January 2015

The ability to understand the meaning of words and sentences is an important
determinant of the language development, which also indicates the development
of the ability to learn. Bearing this in mind, the research was aimed at
studying the level of semantic development of younger primary school-age
children. Semantic development was studied from the aspect of understanding
the meaning of words and their use in the following lexical relations:
homonyms, antonyms, synonyms and metonyms. The research was conducted in
three Belgrade primary schools during the school year 2013/2014. The sample
was convenient and included 431 second- and third-grade pupils. The Semantic
test (by S. Vladisavljevic) was used in the study. Research results showed
that none of the pupils had provided the correct answer to all administered
tasks. The best scores were achieved on the part of the test referring to
antonyms, while the pupils were least successful on the tasks referring to
metonyms. Additionally, third-grade pupils were more successful than younger
participants, while there were no differences according to gender. The
results indicated that it was necessary to devote more attention to different
lexical and semantic exercises at preschool and early school age, considering
the link between semantic development, the acquisition of reading and writing
skills and the (un)successful mastering of the school curriculum in the
majority of subjects.
Student initiative: A conceptual analysis
Authors: Polovina Nada
Published: January 2015

In the description and scientific consideration of the attitude of children
and youth towards their education and development, the concept of student
initiative has been gaining ground lately, and it is hence the subject of
analysis in this paper. The analysis is important because of the discrepancy
between the increased efforts of the key educational policy holders to
promote the idea about the importance of the development of student
initiative and rare acceptance of this idea among theoreticians, researchers
and practitioners dealing with the education and development of children and
youth. By concretising the features of initiative student behaviour, our aim
was, on the one hand, to observe the structural determinants and scientific
status of the very concept of an initiative student, and, on the other, to
contribute to the understanding of the initiative behaviour in practice. In
the first part of the paper we deal with different notions and
concretisations of the features of initiative behaviour of children and
youth, which includes the consideration of: basic student initiative,
academic student initiative, individual student initiative, the capacity for
initiative and personal development initiative. In the second part of the
paper, we discuss the relations of the concept of student initiative with the
similar general concepts (activity/passivity, proactivity, agency) and the
concepts immediately related to school environment (student involvement,
student participation). The results of our analysis indicate that the concept
of student initiative has: particular features that differentiate it from
similar concepts; the potential to reach the status of a scientific concept,
bearing in mind the initial empirical specifications and general empirical
verifiability of the yet unverified determinants of the concept. In the
concluding part of the paper, we discuss the implications of the conceptual
analysis for further research, as well as for enhancing the practice of
teachers? work in the direction of strengthening students for the development
of their own initiative in the learning process.
The application of multimedia and its effects on teaching physics in secondary school
Authors: Radlovic-Cubrilo Danijela , Lozanov-Crvenkovic Zagorka , Obadovic Dusanka , Segedinac Mirjana
Published: January 2015

The paper presents the results of the pedagogical research conducted to
examine the effects of multimedia application on teaching physics compared to
the traditional method of teaching. The research was carried out on the
sample of 140 students of the first grade of technical school. The influence
of multimedia application in teaching physics on the quantum, quality and
retention of students? knowledge was examined by the experimental method.
Knowledge tests were used as research instrument. Tests questions were
divided based on Bloom?s taxonomy into three basic categories: remembering,
understanding and applying. It was determined that multimedia application in
teaching physics had resulted in a significant increase of the quantum and
quality of students? knowledge in all categories, as well as the retention of
knowledge quality in the category of applying compared to the traditional
method of teaching. Research results have shown the validity of multimedia
application in teaching practice with the aim of enhancing understanding of
fundamental physical concepts and laws, and therefore increasing the
efficiency of teaching physics.
The effects of application of music on the formation of students’ attitude towards physical education
Authors: Djacic Ivana , Lazarevic Dusanka , Orlic Ana , Radisavljevic-Janic Snezana
Published: January 2015

A positive attitude towards physical education (PE) is an important component
of students? engagement in classes and extracurricular physical activities.
Relying on students? interests when planning the class work can contribute to
the formation of such an attitude. The research was aimed at verifying the
effects of the experimental programme ?Inclusion of music in Physical
Education classes? on the formation of students? attitude towards PE. An
experiment with parallel groups that lasted for 26 classes was applied in the
research on the sample of 141 primary school students attending the seventh
grade. In the initial and final testing two instruments for measuring the
attitudes were applied: the Students? Attitudes toward Physical Education -
SATPE and the Connotative Differential (CD-15). In the final testing, the
experimental group also completed the questionnaire on students? assessment
of classes with and without music. The analysis of variance has shown that
the experimental group achieved considerably higher scores at the final
testing compared to the initial on the cognitive and conative subscales of
the CD-15 instrument. This change was not linked to gender, PE grade and
involvement in music. It has been shown that students in the experimental
group assessed more positively the classes accompanied by music compared to
the classes without music, measured by the questionnaire on students?
assessment of classes with and without music. It can be concluded that the
application of music has influenced the development of a more positive
attitude towards PE, observed via the cognitive and conative dimension, which
points to the fact that it is justifiable and desirable to use music in PE
education.
The challenges of school practitioners’ expectations of school-university and school-institute cooperation
Authors: Dzinovic Vladimir , Gutvajn Nikoleta , Djevic Rajka
Published: January 2015

The present forms of school-university/institute partnership are largely
based on the interests of experts in this field. The aim of this study is to
research teachers? and school counsellors? perceptions of both the existing
and desired forms of the partnership. Based on the qualitative content
analysis of the materials from the interviews, four dimensions of partnership
were mapped: systematicity, practicality, equality and initiative. The study
has shown that the current partnership is somewhat sporadic and initiated
more by the research needs of experts rather than the practical needs of
teachers. The desired partnership would imply the creation of an organised
and continuous relationship, whereby the experts would take on the role of a
mentor, thus proposing practical solutions and initiating forms of
cooperation. Such expectations lead to controversy, and these issues are
discussed in the study.
Primary failure rate for 1680 extra-alveolar mandibular buccal shelf mini-screws placed in movable mucosa or attached gingiva
Authors: Chang Chris , Liu Sean S.Y. , Roberts W. Eugene
Published: January 2015

Objective: 

To compare the initial failure rate (≤4 months) for extra-alveolar mandibular buccal shelf (MBS) miniscrews placed in movable mucosa (MM) or attached gingiva (AG).

Materials and Methods: 

A total of 1680 consecutive stainless steel (SS) 2 × 12-mm MBS miniscrews were placed in 840 patients (405 males and 435 females; mean age, 16 ± 5 years). All screws were placed lateral to the alveolar process and buccal to the lower first and second molar roots. The screw heads were at least 5 mm superior to the soft tissue. Loads from 8 oz–14 oz (227 g–397 g, 231–405 cN) were used to retract the mandibular buccal segments for at least 4 months.

Results: 

Overall, 121 miniscrews out of 1680 (7.2%) failed: 7.31% were in MM and 6.85% were in AG (statistically insignificant difference). Failures were unilateral in 89 patients and bilateral in 16. Left side (9.29%) failures was significantly greater (P < .001) compared with those on the right (5.12%). Average age for failure patients was 14 ± 3 years.

Conclusion: 

MBS miniscrews were highly successful (approximately 93%), but there was no significant difference between placement in MM or AG. Failures were more common on the patient's left side and in younger adolescent patients. Having 16 patients with bilateral failures suggests that a small fraction of patients (1.9%) are predisposed to failure with this method.
Use of Fixation Heat Maps to Evaluate Visual Behavior of Unfamiliar Drivers on Horizontal Curves
Authors: Brimley Bradford K. , Carlson Paul J. , Hawkins H. Gene
Published: January 2015

This paper presents an innovative method of visualizing eye-tracking data by using heat maps (color-coded contour maps showing distributed data). Heat maps of eye fixation points were created from data collected while drivers navigated a rural road. Comparable road segments were used to identify how a driver's visual attention changed while the driver approached and navigated a curve and to address how chevrons and time of day affected fixation patterns. Measures of the centroid and dispersion of each heat map were used to quantify the changes in visual behavior. The results suggest that as drivers approach curves, their fixation patterns become more focused, particularly during the daytime, when their gazes are more prone to shift away from the road scene on long tangents. Chevrons are most useful at night and guide drivers to select a narrower field of view on curve approaches. There were no consistent differences in fixation points within curves that had chevrons as compared with curves that did not, for either daytime or nighttime conditions. This finding suggests that drivers derive little benefit from chevrons within the curve as compared with on the approach. This research is particularly valuable because it investigates a new method for evaluating the effectiveness of traffic control devices and characterizing the driving experience.
The Nation's Matron: Hattie Jacques and British Postwar Popular Culture
Authors: Tincknell Estella
Published: January 2015

Hattie Jacques was a key figure in British postwar popular cinema and culture, condensing a range of contradictions around power, desire, femininity and class through her performances as a comedienne, primarily in the Carry On series of films between 1958 and 1973. Her recurrent casting as ‘Matron’ in five of the films in the series has fixed Jacques within the British popular imagination as an archetypal figure. The contested discourses around nursing and the centrality of the NHS to British postwar politics, culture and identity are explored here in relation to Jacques's complex star meanings as a ‘fat woman’, ‘spinster’ and authority figure within British popular comedy broadly and the Carry On films specifically. The article argues that Jacques's star meanings have contributed to nostalgia for a supposedly more equitable society symbolised by socialised medicine and the feminine authority of the Matron.
Influence of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Infestation Levels on Water Stress in Eastern Hemlocks within the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, U.S.A.
Authors: Coots Carla , Lambdin Paris , Franklin Jennifer , Grant Jerome , Rhea Rusty
Published: January 2015

Extensive mortality of eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière, resulting from infestation by hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), has occurred throughout the eastern United States. Although imidacloprid treatment can reduce tree mortality, its effectiveness can be influenced by several factors including tree water stress. The relationship between water stress and infestation rates is unknown, and an understanding of these could greatly increase the efficiency of management for this invasive insect. The primary objective of this study was to assess water stress at three levels of hemlock woolly adelgid infestations. Water stress was measured monthly for 13 months in eastern hemlocks classified as <25%, 25%–75%, and >75% infested. The highest level of water stress was found in those trees with hemlock woolly adelgid infestation levels greater than 75%. The lowest level of water stress was found in those trees with less than 25% hemlock woolly adelgid infestation levels. Knowledge of these effects can contribute to development of more effective chemical management strategies.
Assessing Health Impacts within Environmental Impact Assessments: An Opportunity for Public Health Globally Which Must Not Remain Missed
Authors: Harris Patrick , Viliani Francesca , Spickett Jeff
Published: January 2015

Within the member states of the United Nations 190 of 193 have regulated Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) which is a systematic process to prevent and mitigate the potential environmental impacts of industry development projects before these occur. However, the routine and comprehensive assessment of health impacts within EIAs remains underdeveloped. Focusing, as an example, on the risks to global health from the global shift in the mining industry towards Low and Middle Income Countries LMIC), this viewpoint details why connecting with EIA is an essential task for the health system. Although existing knowledge is out of date in relation to global practice we identify how health has been included, to some extent, in High Income Country EIAs and the institutional requirements for doing so. Using arguments identified by industry themselves about requiring a ‘social license to operate’, we conclude that EIA regulations provide the best current mechanism to ensure health protection is a core aspect in the decision making process to approve projects.
Deoxypodophyllotoxin Induces G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in SGC-7901 Cells and Inhibits Tumor Growth in Vivo
Authors: Wang Yu-Rong , Xu Yuan , Jiang Zhen-Zhou , Guerram Mounia , Wang Bin , Zhu Xiong , Zhang Lu-Yong
Published: January 2015

Deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT), a natural microtubule destabilizer, was isolated from Anthriscus sylvestris, and a few studies have reported its anti-cancer effect. However, the in vivo antitumor efficacy of DPT is currently indeterminate. In this study, we investigated the anti-gastric cancer effects of DPT both in vitro and in vivo. Our data showed that DPT inhibited cancer cell proliferation and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest accompanied by an increase in apoptotic cell death in SGC-7901 cancer cells. In addition, DPT caused cyclin B1, Cdc2 and Cdc25C to accumulate, decreased the expression of Bcl-2 and activated caspase-3 and PARP, suggesting that caspase-mediated pathways were involved in DPT-induced apoptosis. Animal studies revealed that DPT significantly inhibited tumor growth and decreased microvessel density (MVD) in a xenograft model of gastric cancer. Taken together, our findings provide a framework for further exploration of DPT as a novel chemotherapeutic for human gastric cancer.
Casein-Derived Lactotripeptides Reduce Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure in a Meta-Analysis of Randomised Clinical Trials
Authors: Fekete Ágnes , Givens D. , Lovegrove Julie
Published: January 2015

There is an urgent need to treat individuals with high blood pressure (BP) with effective dietary strategies. Previous studies suggest a small, but significant decrease in BP after lactotripeptides (LTP) ingestion, although the data are inconsistent. The study aim was to perform a comprehensive meta-analysis of data from all relevant randomised controlled trials (RCT). Medline, Cochrane library, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched until May 2014. Eligibility criteria were RCT that examined the effects of LTP on BP in adults, with systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) as outcome measures. Thirty RCT met the inclusion criteria, which resulted in 33 sets of data. The pooled treatment effect for SBP was −2.95 mmHg (95% CI: −4.17, −1.73; p < 0.001), and for DBP was −1.51 mmHg (95% CI: −2.21, −0.80; p < 0.001). Sub-group analyses revealed that reduction of BP in Japanese studies was significantly greater, compared with European studies (p = 0.002 for SBP and p < 0.001 for DBP). The 24-h ambulatory BP (AMBP) response to LTP supplementation was statistically non-significant (p = 0.101 for SBP and p = 0.166 for DBP). Both publication bias and “small-study effect” were identified, which shifted the treatment effect towards less significant SBP and non-significant DBP reduction after LTP consumption. LTP may be effective in BP reduction, especially in Japanese individuals; however sub-group, meta-regression analyses and statistically significant publication biases suggest inconsistencies.
Sensors Best Paper Award 2015
Authors: Passaro Vittorio , Seitz W. , Melesse Assefa , Star Alexander , Reindl Leonhard
Published: January 2015

Since 2011, an annual award system was instituted to recognize outstanding Sensors papers that are related to sensing technologies and applications and meet the aims, scope and high standards of this journal [1–4]. This year, the winners were chosen by the Section Editor-in-Chiefs of Sensors from among all the papers published in 2011 to track citations. Reviews and full research articles were considered separately. We gladly announce that the following eight papers were awarded the Sensors Best Paper Award in 2015.[...]
Spatio-Temporal Changes and Their Reasons to the Geopolitical Influence of China and the US in South Asia
Authors: Wang Shufang , Cao Yuan , Ge Yuejing
Published: January 2015

The current international society has entered an era of large-scale power transfer. Government interests have gradually transferred from national strength to national influence. As such, how to quantitatively present the fuzzy geopolitical influence (i.e., geo-influence) has attracted greater attention from scholars. The proposed concept of geo-influence conforms to this trend of power structure change in international relations, and provides a reference for national sustainable development on the international stage. This study sets up an index system and a mathematical model of geopolitical influence, and explores the spatio-temporal changes of the geo-influence of China and the United States (US) in South Asia over the past decade. Three primary results are found as follows: (1) In general, the geo-influence of China and the US in South Asia increased between 2003 and 2012. In terms of growth rate, the geo-influence of China in South Asia grew much faster than that of the US; (2) The overall strength and geo-influence show non-linear relationships. Strong national overall strength does not necessarily mean that one country has the strongest geo-influence; (3) National geo-influence is inversely proportional to the friction of distance. The larger the friction of distance is, the smaller national geo-potential is, and vice versa.
History and Current Status of Development and Use of Viral Insecticides in China
Authors: Sun Xiulian
Published: January 2015

The use of insect viruses as biological control agents started in the early 1960s in China. To date, more than 32 viruses have been used to control insect pests in agriculture, forestry, pastures, and domestic gardens in China. In 2014, 57 products from 11 viruses were authorized as commercial viral insecticides by the Ministry of Agriculture of China. Approximately 1600 tons of viral insecticidal formulations have been produced annually in recent years, accounting for about 0.2% of the total insecticide output of China. The development and use of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus, Mamestra brassicae nucleopolyhedrovirus, Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus, and Periplaneta fuliginosa densovirus are discussed as case studies. Additionally, some baculoviruses have been genetically modified to improve their killing rate, infectivity, and ultraviolet resistance. In this context, the biosafety assessment of a genetically modified Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus is discussed.
CALCULATION TECHNIQUE FOR STRESS-STRAIN ANALYSIS OF RC ELEMENTS SUBJECTED TO HIGH-CYCLE COMPRESSION / DAUGIACIKLE GNIUŽDYMO APKROVA VEIKIAMŲ GELŽBETONINIŲ ELEMENTŲ ĮTEMPIŲ IR DEFORMACIJŲ SKAIČIAVIMO METODIKA
Authors: Tamulenas Vytautas , Gelezius Vaidotas , Ramanauskas Regimantas
Published: January 2015

Theoretical models for the evaluation of fatigue on reinforced concrete structures most commonly fall into two major groups. The first and more widely used group of models is based on S-N curves and the static stress state. These models provide the final load cycle count until structural failure but do not consider redistribution of stresses within the structure or strain evolution over time. The second group accounts for deterioration of concrete over time. However, due to difficulties in application and high computational costs, these models are not fully evolved. A new simplified iterative method for reinforced concrete columns based on previous research by Zanuy et al. (2009) is presented in this paper. This model allows for estimation of stress redistribution and progressive degradation of concrete under high-cycle loading. Teoriniai modeliai, taikomi gelžbetoninių konstrukcijų nuovargio poveikiui vertinti, paprastai yra skirstomi į dvi pagrindines grupes. Pirmoji modelių grupė, kuri ir yra labiausiai paplitusi, remiasi S-N kreivėmis ir statiniu konstrukcijos įtempių būviu. Šie modeliai pateikia tik galutinį apkrovos ciklų skaičių iki konstrukcijos suirimo ir juos taikant neatsižvelgiama į betono įtempių persiskirstymą ar deformacijų kitimo raidą. Antroji grupė apima irimo teorijos modelius, kuriuose atsižvelgiama į laipsnišką betono silpnėjimą. Tačiau dėl pernelyg sudėtingo realaus konstrukcinio pritaikymo ir dėl per didelių skaičiavimo programų resursų poreikio praktinis šių modelių taikymas nėra išvystytas. Todėl, remiantis Zanuy et al. (2009) pasiūlytu mode­liu, kuris leidžia įvertinti laipsnišką betono įtempių degradaciją ir jų perskirstymą, buvo sukurtas ir išplėtotas supaprastintas ir aiškus gelžbetoninių kolonų, veikiamų daugiacikle apkrova, iteracinis analizės metodas.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL RESEARCH OF DEFORMATION OF VERTICALLY LOADED DISPLACEMENT PILES IN SAND SOIL / SPRAUSTINIŲ POLIŲ, APKRAUTŲ VERTIKALIOSIOMIS GNIUŽDYMO APKROVOMIS, SMĖLINIO PAGRINDO NUOSĖDŽIŲ TEORINIS IR EKSPERIMENTINIS TYRIMAS
Authors: Statkus Tautvydas , Martinkus Vaidas
Published: January 2015

The displacement piles are one of the oldest type of foundation not just in Lithuania, but also all over the world. Stiff, glacial origin sands lay not far from the ground surface in Lithuania as opposed to the rest of the Western Europe, therefore this kind of foundation is carried out into practice very often in our country. For geotechnical engineers it is very hard to decide which method should be applied, when there is no local experience. Five approaches are discussed on this paper and the results of three single piles’ tests are compared. The full scale single piles’ tests were carried out at the artificial bearing stratum pit. Piles’ diameter was 330 mm. The ratio of the piles’ depth and diameter were 3.3, 4.4 and 4.8. In conclusion of this paper the recommendations are given, which should be applied in different cases using mentioned above methods. Spraustiniai poliai yra vienas seniausių ir efektyviausių pamatų tipų Lietuvoje ir visame pasaulyje. Lietuvoje, skirtingai negu vakarų Europoje, stiprūs ledyninės kilmės smėliniai gruntai slūgso netoli žemės paviršiaus, dėl to mūsų šalyje dažnai įrenginėjami trumpi poliai, kurių gylis ne didesnis kaip penki polio skersmenys. Geotechnikams projektuojant tokio tipo polius sunku pasirinkti tinkamą metodą neturint vietinės patirties. Šiame straipsnyje analizuojami penki polio pagrindo nuosėdžių prognozavimo metodai, o jais apskaičiuoti nuosėdžiai lyginami su trijų statinės apkrovos polių bandymų rezultatais. Bandymai atlikti dirbtinio pagrindo duobėje, naudojant realių matmenų metalinius 330 mm skersmens polius. Poliai bandyti esant tokiems gylio ir skersmens santykiams 3,3, 4,4 ir 4,8. Straipsnio išvadose nurodomi metodai, tiksliausiai atitikę eksperi­mentų rezultatus.
Pharmacokinetics, Safety and Efficacy of Ritonavir-Boosted Atazanavir (300/100 mg Once Daily) in HIV-1-Infected Pregnant Women
Authors: Lê Minh P , Mandelbrot Laurent , Descamps Diane , Soulié Cathia , Ichou Houria , Bourgeois-Moine Agnès , Damond Florence , Lariven Sylvie , Valantin Marc-Antoine , Landman Roland , Faucher Philippe , Tubiana Roland , Duro Dominique , Meier Françoise , Legac Sylvie , Bourse Patricia , Mortier Emmanuel , Dommergues Marc , Calvez Vincent , Matheron Sophie , Peytavin Gilles
Published: January 2015

Background

Atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r) is a boosted protease inhibitor recommended to minimize the risk of mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission (MTCT). We aimed to assess the pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of ATV/r in HIV-1-infected pregnant women and their neonates.

Methods

A multicentre, cross-sectional, non-interventional cohort of HIV-1-infected pregnant women receiving ATV/r (300/100 mg once daily) who delivered in three Paris hospitals from 2006 to 2013 was designed. We determined antiretroviral trough plasma concentrations using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry at each of the three trimesters, delivery and post-partum. ATV concentrations at 24 h (C24h) were interpreted by the 150–850 ng/ml efficacy–tolerance thresholds. Safety data and newborn HIV status were recorded. A mother's virological failure was defined as two successive measurements of plasma HIV-1 RNA>50 copies/ml within the 2 months before delivery.

Results

103 pregnant women were included, mostly from sub-Saharan Africa (88%). ATV C24h at each of the three trimesters and delivery remained similar to post-partum values. No dose adjustment was needed during pregnancy. The median plasma ratio of fetal/ maternal ATV level was 0.19 ( n=28). Only three patients showed two successive detectable viral loads but <400 copies/ml. Among 82 available newborn data, 16 were born preterm. Three in utero deaths occurred. Tolerance was good with one case of maternal grade 3 hyperbilirubinaemia, no cases in neonates at delivery and no clinically relevant adverse event. No case of MTCT was reported.

Conclusions

In this population, an ATV/r-containing anti-retroviral regimen demonstrated good pharmacokinetics, virological efficacy and safety. No significant impact of pregnancy on ATV C24h was found. No dose adjustment was required.
Ce que ça cache
Authors: Laurens Camille
Published: January 2015

Avec la traversée de chacune de ses publications, Camille Laurens évoque les étapes de son parcours d’écrivain impliqué dans un travail personnel avec la psychanalyse, en tentant de décrire « comment l’exercice de la littérature est totalement imbriqué pour [elle] avec la pratique de la psychanalyse – pratique comme analysante, pratique comme lectrice de textes de psychanalyse ».
Outside Over There : l'Inconscient selon Maurice Sendak
Authors: Rey Maurice
Published: January 2015

Maurice Sendak est né à Brooklyn en 1928, dans une famille juive polonaise. Il est mort en 2012. Proche des phantasmes et des angoisses infantiles, son œuvre dévoile le lieu inconscient des peurs, de l’éros et du sadisme de l’enfant imaginaire, notamment dans sa trilogie Where The Wild Things Are, In the Night Kitchen, Outside Over There. J’illustre ici leur proximité avec les mythes du voyage circulaire et le principe de retournement qui préside à tout récit s’enracinant dans l’inconscient.
René Char – Maurice Blanchot : la métaphore et le fragment...
Authors: Henri-Ménassé Catherine
Published: January 2015

À partir des œuvres fragmentaires de René Char et de Maurice Blanchot, se pose la question de la dynamique du rapport entre le fragment et la métaphore. Si le fragment est une modalité d’écriture rompant la linéarité de la pensée et a pour effet de mettre le lecteur au cœur de l’œuvre, il est aussi un facteur d’immobilisation du flux idéique. Le système métaphorique joue-t-il alors comme une ligne mélodique soutenant, sur un mode hallucinatoire, l’émergence de la pensée propre du lecteur ?
S'écrire : survivre ou se faire naître dans le regard de l'autre ?
Authors: Chiantaretto Jean-François
Published: January 2015

Dans ses journaux, Imre Kertész affiche une position d’écriture différente de la plupart de ses autres textes. Il revendique de faire œuvre de l’autodestructivité liée à la culpabilité d’exister. Il s’agit non plus de survivre aux traumas de l’enfance et des camps nazis, mais d’investir l’écriture de soi comme lieu d’incarnation dans la relation au regard de l’autre.
Dans la crevasse du temps
Authors: Réfabert Philippe
Published: January 2015

Qu’est-ce qui s’est passé ? Comment le signifier sans le réduire ? Comment l’évoquer sans donner du sens à ce qui a nié les fondements mêmes du sens ? Et sans toutefois manquer de le rappeler. Celan, dans sa poésie et ses textes en prose, répond que c’est en maintenant le ressort de la question dans une tension extrême. Le réel, ce qui s’est passé mais n’est pas arrivé, ce qui n’a pas été présent, ne saurait être représenté. Représenter l’irreprésenté-irreprésentable, « qui s’est passé », c’est le classer, l’enterrer, en un mot : le rejeter.
Écrire son corps, à partir de l'œuvre hallucinogène d'Henri Michaux
Authors: Brun Anne
Published: January 2015

Cet article propose d’explorer l’œuvre hallucinogène d’Henri Michaux (1899-1984), comme une mise en scène du rôle joué par le corps dans le processus créateur d’une œuvre. L’expérience hallucinogène, enracinée dans un vécu corporel médiatisé par le toxique, invite à une exploration de l’originaire (P. Aulagnier). Le corps halluciné par le créateur montre en effet comment la dynamique de l’acte créateur s’enracine en partie dans une réactualisation de sensations hallucinées, et comment la sensorialité détermine la genèse de la création poétique et picturale.
Suivre les mots jusqu'à soi
Authors: Grenier Louise
Published: January 2015

Chez certains de nos analysants dits « dépressifs », de ceux qui ont survécu à un désastre amoureux, à des abus sexuels ou à une situation de carence traumatique, l’écriture de soi, qu’elle survienne entre les séances ou en marge de celles-ci, pallie un déficit de la parole. À travers le poème, le roman, le récit, le mythe et la clinique, cet article interroge l’apport de l’écriture de soi à l’analyse, en tant que dépositaire d’un savoir sur soi qui échappe au discours.
« Vivre et écrire » dans les Journaux de Sylvia Plath
Authors: Neau Françoise
Published: January 2015

L’article s’attache aux fonctions prises par « s’écrire » dans les Journaux (1950-1962) de Sylvia Plath (1932-1963) : dans l’œuvre du poète, marquée par des expériences traumatiques de perte, le Journal joue un rôle spécifique. L’idéalisation de l’œuvre à venir et les exigences du travail d’écriture se relâchant, il peut résister à la noirceur mélancolique des poèmes ou du roman, s’essayer aux « couleurs vives » de la vie... et de l’écriture, voire protéger en partie du danger qu’elle représente.
L'éveil du printemps de Sigismund et l'embarras du savant Freud
Authors: Kamieniak Jean-Pierre
Published: January 2015

Freud toute sa vie maintiendra un silence coupable sur l’adolescent qu’il fut, faisant de sa jeunesse un moment « sans histoires », au point que la plupart de ses biographes n’y consacreront que quelques lignes. Qu’avait-il donc à cacher ? L’étude de sa correspondance privée et des documents publiés disponibles permet d’y répondre, car elle témoigne au contraire d’une période « difficile » pour le jeune homme qu’il était, dont la conflictualité psychique s’organise autour de la pratique caractéristique de cet âge : la masturbation. Une activité proprement inavouable pour le savant, derrière laquelle se tapit bien évidemment la mère, dont le fils chéri veut justement se tenir à distance respectueuse.
Blaise Cendrars, ou l'Utopie, ou « Bourlinguer »...
Authors: Berthout Pierre
Published: January 2015

Blaise Cendrars, après une enfance difficile avec un père acrobate de la finance, devient lui-même un acrobate voyageur, violent, alcoolique, formidablement doué pour l’écriture. C’est un malade de deuils multiples non surmontés et un blessé traumatisé de la Grande Guerre qui a bâti une œuvre littéraire foisonnante, tissant intimement fiction et autobiographie.
Maladies chroniques de l'enfant. Quelles modalités et quels enjeux ?
Authors: Picherot Georges
Published: January 2015

L’évolution des modalités de soins des enfants porteurs de maladies chroniques a été marquée essentiellement par l’amélioration globale des pronostics liée aux améliorations techniques. Nous avons évolué sur beaucoup de points. Les définitions et l’épidémiologie se sont modifiées avec l’apparition de nouvelles maladies et surtout l’augmentation globale du nombre d’enfants porteurs de maladies chroniques. Les situations se sont diversifiées selon, en particulier, les modes de révélation. Nous avons individualisé de grandes étapes comme l’annonce, les phases évolutives, les transitions. La guérison est possible chez l’enfant. L’organisation des soins doit répondre à la question « À quoi tenons-nous ? » : poursuivre les progrès techniques, associer prise en charge et accompagnement, associer les familles, intégrer soma-psyché... Deux évolutions de modalités de soins paraissent remarquables : l’interdisciplinarité et l’éducation thérapeutique.
« L'Impossible Monsieur Bébé »
Authors: Boissel Louise , Breil Fleur , Durieux Marie-José , Rappaport Clémentine
Published: January 2015

Noa, 6 mois, est hospitalisé en pédiatrie pour une anorexie grave dans un état de misère physiologique et psychique. Il est né, grand prématuré, dans un contexte de déni de grossesse après l’annonce d’une myopathie génétique chez sa sœur. L’ombre de la maladie de celle-ci plane tout au long de la prise en charge dans les représentations des soignants et de la mère. Il s’agira dans cet article d’exposer la collaboration étroite entre les pédiatres et l’équipe de liaison pédopsychiatrique au cours de cette hospitalisation et d’étudier comment l’intrication de facteurs somatiques et psychologiques a conduit à une spirale interactive pathologique dans la dyade mère-enfant.
Infirmière coordinatrice dans un réseau de soins
Authors: Bénard Laurence
Published: January 2015

L’infirmière coordinatrice tient une place centrale dans l’organisation de la prise charge des enfants atteints de cancer ou de leucémie, au sein d’un réseau de soins spécifiques en Île-de-France. Une infirmière décrit dans cet article son travail qui commence par la préparation du retour à domicile après l’hospitalisation initiale en service spécialisé. La visite au domicile proposée systématiquement permet d’accompagner la famille et d’organiser les soins avec les services relais et tous les intervenants extrahospitalier. Cette infirmière explique concrètement comment elle écoute, elle rassure et elle organise les prises en charge tout au long du traitement.
De la sidération à la remise en mouvement chez l'enfant malade. Comment faire avec le chaos ?
Authors: Doudard Aude , Riquin Élise , Malka Jean , Avarello Guillaume , Duverger Philippe
Published: January 2015

La question de la temporalité est à la fois au centre de notre pratique quotidienne en pédopsychiatrie de liaison et au centre de la problématique psychique concernant les maladies chroniques de l’enfant et de l’adolescent. Cet article met en perspective la notion de temps au sein même des maladies chroniques de l’enfant et de l’adolescent dont l’évolution se prolonge, avec un effet de sidération chez le sujet et sa famille, et le concept de pulsion de mort. Deux situations cliniques s’articulant autour du processus adolescent illustrent notre propos. Il n’est pas question ici de remettre en cause le savoir médical ou de nier la maladie, mais de relancer une histoire, afin que les enfants et adolescents, ainsi que leurs familles, puissent se réapproprier le savoir de l’autre et l’intégrer à leur propre narration.