bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts of testing and immunity acquired through vaccination and infection on covid-19 cases in Massachusetts elementary and secondary students
Authors: Branch-Elliman Westyn , Ertem Melissa Zeynep , Nelson Richard E. , Danesharasteh Anseh , Berlin David , Fisher Lloyd , Schechter-Perkins Elissa M.
Published: October 2024

Background

During the 2021–22 academic year, Massachusetts supported several in-school testing programs to facilitate in-person learning. Additionally, COVID-19 vaccines became available to all school-aged children and many were infected with SARS-CoV-2. There are limited studies evaluating the impacts of these testing programs on SARS-CoV-2 cases in elementary and secondary school settings. The aim of this state-wide, retrospective cohort study was to assess the impact of testing programs and immunity on SARS-CoV-2 case rates in elementary and secondary students.

Methods

Community-level vaccination and cumulative incidence rates were combined with data about participation in and results of in-school testing programs (test-to-stay, pooled surveillance testing). School-level impacts of surveillance testing programs on SARS-CoV-2 cases in students were estimated using generalized estimating equations within a target trial emulation approach stratified by school type (elementary/middle/high). Impacts of immunity and vaccination were estimated using random effects linear regression.

Results

Here we show that among N = 652,353 students at 2141 schools participating in in-school testing programs, surveillance testing is associated with a small but measurable decrease in in-school positivity rates. During delta, pooled testing positivity rates are higher in communities with higher cumulative incidence of infection. During omicron, when immunity from prior infection became more prevalent, the effect reversed, such that communities with lower burden of infection during the earlier phases of the pandemic had higher infection rates.

Conclusions

Testing programs are an effective strategy for supporting in-person learning. Fluctuating levels of immunity acquired via natural infection or vaccination are a major determinant of SARS-CoV-2 cases in schools.
Changing epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of bloodstream infections at a Vietnamese infectious diseases hospital (2010–2020)
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Thu Trang , Chau Vinh , Nguyen Phu Huong Lan , Du Hong Duc , Nguyen Luong Nha Phuong , Le Thi Quynh Ngan , Huynh Phuong Thao , Nguyen Thi Nguyen To , Tran Thi Ngoc Dung , Voong Vinh Phat , Ha Thanh Tuyen , Nguyen Pham Nhu Quynh , Baker Stephen , Thwaites Guy , Rabaa Maia , Pham Duy Thanh
Published: October 2024

Bloodstream infection (BSI) poses a global health problem, with diverse organisms and rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Here, we characterized trends in BSI prevalence, AMR, and antibiotic use at a Vietnamese infectious diseases hospital from 2010 to 2020. Among 108,303 cultured blood samples, 8.8% were positive, yielding 7995 pathogens. Of 7553 BSI cases, 86.4% were community-acquired. BSI prevalence varied from 17 to 35 cases/1000 admissions/year, highest in HIV/hepatitis wards and patients >60. The in-hospital mortality or hospice discharge outcome was 21.3%. The top three pathogens, E. coli (24%), K. pneumoniae (8.7%) and S. aureus (8.5%) exhibited increasing prevalence and multidrug resistance. Pathogens like Cryptococcus neoformans (8.4%), Talaromyces marneffei (6.7%), and Salmonella enterica (6.5%) declined. E. coli and K. pneumoniae were prevalent in older adults with community-acquired BSIs. Antibiotic use reached 842.6 DOT/1000 PD and significantly reduced after an antibiotic control policy. Enhanced surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship are crucial for managing BSIs in Vietnam.
Use of Ion Mobility for the Structural Identification of Glycans
Authors: Harvey David J.
Published: October 2024

This chapter describes the uses of ion mobility (IM) for the structural identification of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. Topics covered are instrumentation, use of ion mobility for extracting glycan ions from mixtures, resolution of isomers, kinetic studies and applications. Recently introduced high-resolution instruments and their ability to separate carbohydrates by shape have revealed that many of these compounds exist in multiple forms (anomers, conformers, etc.) in the vapour phase, thus complicating the usefulness of the technique for isomer separation. Nevertheless, ion mobility has introduced another dimension to carbohydrate analysis, mainly by its ability to separate many glycan ions from complex mixtures and to provide cross-section measurements that can be used as an additional physical property to aid compound identification.
Application of HDX–MS for the Structural Characterization of Glycoproteins
Authors: Guttman Miklos
Published: October 2024

Glycosylation is one of the most common and complex post-translational modifications of proteins, rendering many proteins evasive to structural analysis. The intrinsic heterogeneity and flexibility pose major challenges for most traditional structural elucidation tools. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry (HDX–MS) is an increasingly widespread tool for monitoring protein dynamics, including glycoproteins and their interactions in fully glycosylated states. Recent advances have largely alleviated many of the historical challenges of applying HDX–MS to complex glycoproteins to enable the in-depth characterization of glycoproteins and even pinpoint the local structural effects of glycosylation.
Modified spectrophotometry for micromolar H2O2 determination in iron-containing solutions with leuco crystal violet under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions
Authors: He Zhaolu , Xian Haiyang , Xu Liang , Zhu Jianxi , Lin Mang , Liang Xiaoliang , He Hongping
Published: October 2024

Accurately quantifying hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is essential for elucidating its role across diverse environments.
Emergence of Weyl points and large anomalous Hall conductivity in layered Bi2TeMnI2
Authors: Bhattarai Dipak , Shahi Deergh Bahadur , Kalauni Dipendra Prasad , Ghimire Madhav Prasad
Published: October 2024

Bi2TeMnI2, a possible magnetic Weyl semimetals for energy efficient device.
The first example of polymeric lanthanide tetrakis-trifluoroacetates in chemical solution deposition of up-converting NaGdF4:Yb,Er,Nd thin films
Authors: Burlakova Maria , Blinnikova Daria , Volkonovskiy Gleb , Chai Haoyang , Grebenyuk Dimitry , Tsymbarenko Dmitry
Published: October 2024

A series of REE complexes with adaptable [Ln(tfa)4]− anionic chains shed light on reactions in the precursor solution. The first MOCSD prepared β-NaGdF4:Er,Yb,Nd thin film shows up-conversion luminescence under 980 and 808 nm excitation.
Optimizing synergistic effects: creating oxygen vacancies in NiCoWO4via a solid-state grinding method for improved energy storage performance
Authors: Jeevarathinam Anandhavalli , Annamalai Arun , Ravichandran Ramya , Annamalai Kumaresan , Elumalai Sundaravadivel
Published: October 2024

We disclose, for the first time we report the synthesis of an oxygen vacancy-enriched NiCoWO4 electrode by a simple solid state grinding method using NaBH4 as a mild reducing agent without any solvents.
Trigonal NHC bis-pyridyl silver(i) complexes: a beacon of light in the darkness of light-emitting electrochemical cells?
Authors: Giobbio Ginevra , Greffier Lucie , Lipinski Sophia , Montrieul Anaïs , Lohier Jean-François , Linares Mathieu , Costa Rubén D. , Gaillard Sylvain
Published: October 2024

[Ag(IPr)(3-Medpa)][PF6], possessing the same combination of ligands as previously reported [Cu(IPr)(3-Medpa)][PF6] applied in a blue light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC), has been synthesized and characterized both in powder and thin-film.
Vesuvianite: a new mineral species of (U–Th)/He geochronology
Authors: An Jie , Wu Lin , Wang Fei , Wei Qindi , Sun Jingbo , Zhang Zhiyong , Ren Rong , Wang Nan
Published: October 2024

This research is the first attempt to date vesuvianite by (U–Th)/He technique. Diffusion experiment obtained a closure temperature range of 82–140 °C, which makes it a new (U–Th)/He thermochrometer to investigate the denudation of skarn deposit.
Exciton binding energies and polaron interplay in the optically excited state of organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites
Authors: Muhammad Zeeshan , Rashid Arooj
Published: October 2024

Excitons and polarons are formed in organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites upon photoexcitation, accounting for most of their photovoltaic properties.
Highly selective synthesis of selenium-containing (E)-N-propenolquinazolinones via FeCl3-mediated cascade reaction of propargyl quinazoline-4-yl ethers with diselenides
Authors: Zhang Xinqin , Yang Qin , Zeng Xiaofeng , Fu Yang , Ding Qiuping , Peng Yiyuan
Published: October 2024

An effective approach for the highly selective synthesis of selenium-containing (E)-N-propenolquinazolinones via an FeCl3·6H2O mediated cascade reaction of propargyl quinazoline-4-yl ethers and diselenides has been developed.
Highly efficient top-emitting green phosphorescent OLEDs with a narrow band and slow efficiency roll-off for high-definition displays
Authors: Wang Jun , Meng Fanmin , Liu Weijian , Zhang Zhaochao , Li Jiuyan
Published: October 2024

New bipolar hosts are used to fabricate green-phosphorescent OLEDs, realizing a narrow full width at half maximum of 28 nm, high efficiencies of 183.1 cd A−1 and 247.3 lm W−1, and slow efficiency roll-off with 132.2 cd A−1 at 66 000 cd m−2.
Palladium-catalysed Tsuji–Trost-type vinyl epoxide cross-coupling with umpolung hydrazones
Authors: Chen Evan F. W. , Li Chao-Jun
Published: October 2024

A sustainable palladium-catalyzed vinyl epoxide cross coupling with umpolung hydrazones has been developed. This platform provides access to branched homoallylic alcohols in a regioselective manner.
Additive manufacturing of hollow connected networks for solar photo-Fenton-like catalysis
Authors: Gracia-Pinilla Miguel Ángel , Ramos-Delgado Norma Alicia , Rosero-Arias Cristian , Sanders Remco , Bartling Stephan , Winczewski Jędrzej , Gardeniers Han , Susarrey-Arce Arturo
Published: October 2024

Additive manufacturing of hollow interconnected networks for the degradation of pharmaceuticals.
Zein improved GF separator for dendrite-free aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Cao Bozhong , Qu Qian , Jiang Bingchun , Zou Tianyu , Zhen Shubing , Wang Peiwen , Li Kairui , Zhang Jincheng , Guo Hui , Zhang Tong
Published: October 2024

ZLB GF separator was prepared based on a conventional GF separator through a simple self-assembly method that can realize dendrite free aqueous zinc ion batteries.
Laser-pumped high-power compact near-infrared light sources based on phosphor-in-glass films
Authors: Meng Xue , Wang Zhijun , Huo Xiaoxue , Zhou Mingxin , Wang Yu , Li Panlai
Published: October 2024

A novel CZTGGZO:Cr3+ near infrared PiG film has a high IQE (90.20%) and good thermal stability (92.32%@423 K), enabling it to be applied to near end caries detection and long distance near infrared illumination.
Evaluating Speech-Language Pathologists' Knowledge of Functional Speech Disorders
Authors: Utianski Rene L.
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this article is to offer an evaluation of speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') experiences with and knowledge of functional speech disorders. Functional speech disorders occur as a part of functional neurological disorders, a complex disorder that is often overlooked and misdiagnosed. Through an assessment of experience with and common myths about functional speech disorders among SLPs, the importance of providing education to SLPs about this patient population is discussed.

Method:

As a part of the presentation about functional speech disorders during the 2023 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Health Care Summit, 122 participants were asked to anonymously respond to a series of questions that outlined their demographics, training in functional speech disorders, and experiences with this patient population. Descriptive data are presented.

Results and Conclusions:

Among attendees, 58% were exposed to functional speech disorders in graduate school while 75% had seen a patient with a functional speech disorder, most of whom had also diagnosed the patients' communication disorder. This study highlights the role of the SLP in identifying and managing functional speech disorders and the increased attention this patient population has received over time, as well as the work yet to be done. Functional speech disorders are a legitimate clinical entity, for which a diagnosis can be made based on positive clinical features (i.e., is not a diagnosis of exclusion). The call to action includes guidance for clinicians, educators, and academic training programs to support this patient population. See the
Appendix
for a plain language summary.
The Influence of Word Characteristics on Preschoolers' Vocabulary Learning
Authors: Roettgen Greta , Peters-Sanders Lindsey , Hadley Elizabeth Burke , Goldstein Howard , Kelley Elizabeth Spencer
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

One challenge to the design and delivery of effective vocabulary intervention is the selection of vocabulary targets. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation of word characteristics to vocabulary learning from explicit vocabulary intervention.

Method:

This study was a secondary analysis of data from two recent efficacy studies of an explicit vocabulary intervention delivered to preschool children (
Story Friends
). Taught vocabulary words were coded for concreteness, imageability, and shape using the perceptual accessibility continuum.

Results:

Multilevel modeling indicated that perceptual accessibility predicted vocabulary learning. Of the perceptual accessibility components, concreteness and imageability contributed significantly to the model, but shape did not. Higher vocabulary learning was observed for words rated more perceptually accessible.

Conclusions:

Preschool children's vocabulary learning was predicted by perceptual accessibility characteristics of taught words. Findings contribute to the body of evidence to guide the selection and sequencing of vocabulary targets for effective vocabulary intervention.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27183684
Few‐shot cross‐receiver radio frequency fingerprinting identification based on feature separation
Authors: Hu Yuchen , Du Yihang , Qiao Xiaoqiang , Zhao Chen , Zhang Tao , Zhang Jiang
Published: October 2024

Radio frequency fingerprint identification (RFFI) is a widely used technique for authenticating equipment. It identifies transmitters by extracting hardware defects found in the RF front end. Recent research has focused on the impact of transmitters and wireless channels on radio frequency fingerprint (RFF). Most work is based on the same receiver assumption, while the influence of the receiver on RFF remains unresolved. This paper focuses on the impact of receiver hardware characteristics on RFF and proposes a few‐shot cross‐receiver RFFI method based on feature separation. Data augmentation with noise addition and simulated channels addresses sparse sample issues and enhances the model's robustness to channel variations. Simultaneously, feature separation is realized by reducing the correlation between transmitter and receiver features through classification loss and similarity loss. We evaluate the proposed approaches using a large‐scale WiFi dataset. It is shown that when a trained transmitter classifier is deployed on new receivers with only 30 samples per trained transmitter, the average identification accuracy of the proposed method is 83.6%. This accuracy is 9.45% higher than the baseline method without considering transmitter hardware influence. After fine‐tuning, the average identification accuracy can reach 98.25%.
End‐to‐end speech‐denoising deep neural network based on residual‐attention gated linear units
Authors: Kim Seon Man
Published: October 2024

In this letter, an improved gated linear unit (GLU) structure for end‐to‐end (E2E) speech enhancement is proposed. In the U‐Net structure, which is widely used as the foundational architecture for E2E deep neural network‐based speech denoising, the input noisy speech signal undergoes multiple layers of encoding and is compressed into essential potential representative information at the bottleneck. The latent information is then transmitted to the decoder stage for the restoration of the target clean speech. Among these approaches, CleanUNet, a prominent state‐of‐the‐art (SOTA) method, enhances temporal attention in latent space by employing multi‐head self‐attention. However, unlike the approach of applying the attention mechanism to the potentially compressed representative information of the bottleneck layer, the proposed method instead assigns the attention module to the GLU of each encoder/decoder block layer. The proposed method is validated by measuring short‐term objective speech intelligibility and sound quality. The objective evaluation results indicated that the proposed method using residual‐attention GLU outperformed existing methods using SOTA models such as FAIR‐denoiser and CleanUNet across signal‐to‐noise ratios ranging from 0 to 15 dB.
SFDiff: Diffusion model with sufficient spatial‐Fourier frequency information interaction for low‐light image enhancement
Authors: Wan Fei , Xu Bingxin , Yao Jingli , Zeng Lu , Pan Weiguo , Liu Hongzhe
Published: October 2024

Diffusion models are increasingly applied in low‐light image enhancement tasks due to their exceptional capability to model data distributions, but most current methods focus only on the original pixel space and neglect the potential of Fourier frequency information. In this article, SFDiff is proposed, a novel low‐light image enhancement method that integrates Fourier frequency information into the diffusion process. Specifically, Fourier transforms are applied at both the image and feature levels to separately enhance the amplitude and phase components, which restores global illumination degradation and positional information. Then a Spatial‐Frequency Fusion (SFF) block is used to fully integrate and interact with the information across spatial and frequency domains. Since illumination degradation is primarily manifested in the amplitude component, a loss function based on maximum likelihood learning is employed to constrain the amplitude component at each step of the sampling process, ensuring that the reverse process maintains an optimal trajectory. Owing to the streamlined network design and the fact that the Fourier transform requires no extra parameters, SFDiff achieves a reduction in parameters of over compared to several state‐of‐the‐art (SOTA) diffusion models and delivers high‐quality enhancement results on multiple real‐world datasets. The code is available at https://github.com/MrWan001/SFDiff.
An ultra‐thin switched state active frequency selective surface absorber with wide bandwidth using semi‐analytical method
Authors: Jibran Z. A. Pandit , Jha Kumud R. , Sharma Satish K. , Shukla Anuj
Published: October 2024

Using low‐voltage forward biased PIN diodes, an ultrathin switched states active frequency selective surface based microwave absorber is designed. Using a semi‐analytical method, the NXP#BAP70‐03 PIN diode‐based single polarised unit‐cell of the active FSS absorber is rigorously analysed and its equivalent circuit model is developed. The unit‐cell of the structure is selected as such to increase the envelope of the operating bandwidth and thus a total measured operating bandwidth extending from 1.70 to 11.36 GHz with reflectivity ≤−10 dB and the fractional bandwidth of 148.4% is achieved. This envelope also contains a 21.05% minimum, and 94.76% maximum fractional bandwidths corresponding to their resonance frequencies. It has been achieved by the absorber with the unit‐cell size of 0.113λL × 0.113λL × 0.048λL where λL is the wavelength corresponding to the lowest operating frequency. The structure has been fabricated and experimentally verified for the normal and the angular incidences of the electromagnetic wave up to 30°. An exhaustive state‐of‐art comparison has also been made to demonstrate the novelty of the proposed work. Due to its low thickness of 0.048λL, and wide envelope of the operating bandwidth; it is a potential candidate for a smart stealth system, electromagnetic camouflage, and adaptive radar absorbing materials.
Filaments in and between galaxy clusters at low and mid-frequency with the SKA
Authors: Vacca Valentina , Govoni Federica , Murgia Matteo , Loi Francesca , Feretti Luigina , Li Hui , Battistelli Elia , Enßlin Torsten A. , Marchegiani Paolo
Published: October 2024

Context. Understanding the magnetised Universe is a major challenge in modern astrophysics, and cosmic magnetism has been acknowledged as one of the key scientific drivers of the most ambitious radio instrument ever planned, the Square Kilometre Array.

Aims. With this work, we aim to investigate the potential of the Square Kilometre Array and its precursors and pathfinders in the study of magnetic fields in galaxy clusters and filaments through diffuse synchrotron radio emission. Galaxy clusters and filaments of the cosmic web are indeed unique laboratories in which to investigate turbulent fluid motions and large-scale magnetic fields in action, and much of what is known about magnetic fields in galaxy clusters comes from sensitive radio observations.

Methods. Based on cosmological magneto-hydrodynamic simulations, we predict radio properties (total intensity and polarisation) of a pair of galaxy clusters connected by a cosmic-web filament.

Results. We use our theoretical expectations to explore the potential of polarimetric observations to study large-scale structure magnetic fields in the frequency ranges 50–350 MHz and 950–1760 MHz. We also present predictions for galaxy cluster polarimetric observations with the Square Kilometre Array precursors and pathfinders, such as the LOw frequency ARray 2.0 and the MeerKAT+ telescope.

Conclusions. Our findings point out that polarisation observations are particularly powerful for the study of large-scale magnetic fields, since they are not significantly affected by confusion noise. The unprecedented sensitivity and spatial resolution of the intermediatefrequency radio telescopes make them the favourite instruments for the study of these sources through polarimetric data, potentially allowing us to understand if the energy density of relativistic electrons is in equipartition with the magnetic field or rather coupled with the thermal gas density. Our results show that low-frequency instruments also represent a precious tool to study diffuse synchrotron emission in total intensity and polarisation.
NICER and Swift/XRT monitoring of the 2023 outburst of Swift J1727.7–1613
Authors: Stiele H. , Kong A. K. H.
Published: October 2024

Aims. The X-ray transient Swift J1727.7–1613 was first detected on August 24 2023 by Swift/BAT and INTEGRAL. We investigated data from the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) and the Neil GehrelsSwift Observatory taken between August and October 2023.

Methods. We studied diagnostic diagrams, energy spectra, and short term variability. The observations cover the initial rise of the outburst in the hard state and the transition to the soft state. We focused on the evolution of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) using power-density spectra and on the evolution of the spectral parameters.

Results. The overall evolution of Swift J1727.7–1613 is consistent with this source being a low-mass black hole X-ray binary. Based on the Lense-Thirring precession interpretation of type-C QPOs, we obtained outer radii for the hot inner flow and found that the overall evolution of these radii agrees well with the evolution of the inner disc radii obtained from fits to the energy spectra. This result holds on all timescales tested in this study and supports the Lense-Thirring precession interpretation of type-C QPOs.
Measuring the diffuse interstellar bands at 5780, 5797, and 6614 Å in low-resolution spectra of cool stars from LAMOST
Authors: Ma Xiao-Xiao , Chen Jian-Jun , Luo A-Li , Zhao He , Shi Ji-Wei , Chen Jing , Liang Jun-Chao , Ma Shu-Guo , Qu Cai-Xia , Jiang Bi-Wei
Published: October 2024

Context. The limited number of high-resolution spectra of hot stars is inadequate for statistical studies of diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs). In contrast, the vast quantity of low-resolution spectroscopic surveys on cool stars holds great potential for investigating the relationship between DIBs and the known interstellar medium (ISM), as well as the spatial distribution of their unidentified carriers.

Aims. We attempt to measure the DIBs λ5780, λ5797, and λ6614 in over two million low-resolution spectra of cool stars from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST). Based on these DIB measurements, we reviewed and investigated the correlation between DIBs and extinction; the kinematics of DIBs; and the Galactic distribution of DIBs from a statistical perspective.

Methods. We developed a pipeline to measure the DIBs λ5780, λ5797, and λ6614 in the LAMOST low-resolution spectra. Four modules in the pipeline consist of building the target and reference dataset; extracting the ISM residual spectra from the target spectra; measuring the DIBs in the residual spectra; and quality control of the measurements.

Results. We obtained DIB measurements of spectra of late-type stars from LAMOST, and selected 176 831, 13 473, and 110 152 high-quality (HQ) measurements of the DIBs λ5780, λ5797, and λ6614, respectively, corresponding to 142074, 11 480, and 85 301 unique sources. Using these HQ measurements, we present Galactic maps of the DIBs λ5780 and λ6614 in the northern sky for the first time. The central wavelengths of the DIBs λ5780, λ5797, and λ6614 in air are determined to be 5780.48 ± 0.01, 5796.94 ± 0.02, and 6613.64 ± 0.01 Å, respectively, based on their kinematics. A statistical fit of the equivalent widths of these three DIBs per unit extinction provides values of 0.565, 0.176, and 0.256 Å mag−1. As a result of this work, three catalogs of the HQ measurements for the DIBs λ5780, λ5797, and λ6614 are provided via https://nadc.china-vo.org/res/r181484/.

Conclusions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest number of measurements of these three DIBs to date. It is also the first time that Galactic maps of the DIBs λ5780 and λ6614 in the northern hemisphere are presented, and that the central wavelengths of the DIBs λ5780, λ5797, and λ6614 are estimated from kinematics.
Hidden by a star: The redshift and the offset broad line of the flat-spectrum radio quasar PKS 0903–57
Authors: Goldoni P. , Boisson C. , Pita S. , D’Ammando F. , Kasai E. , Max-Moerbeck W. , Backes M. , Cotter G.
Published: October 2024

Context. PKS 0903−57 is a little-studied γ-ray blazar that has recently attracted considerable interest due to the strong flaring episodes observed since 2020 in high energy (HE; 100 MeV ≤ E ≤ 100 GeV) and very high-energy (VHE; 100 GeV ≤ E ≤ 10 TeV) γ-rays. Its nature and properties are still not well determined. In particular, it is unclear whether PKS 0903−57 is a BL Lac or a flat-spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ), while its redshift estimation relies on a possibly misassociated low signal-to-noise ratio spectrum.

Aims. Our aims were to reliably measure the redshift of the blazar, and to determine its spectral type and luminosity in the optical range.

Methods. We performed spectroscopy of the optical counterpart of the blazar using the South African Large Telescope (SALT) and the Very Large Telescope (VLT), and monitored it photometrically with the Rapid Eye Mount (REM) telescope.

Results. We firmly measured the redshift of the blazar as z = 0.2621 ± 0.0006 thanks to the detection of five narrow optical lines. The detection of a symmetric broad Hα line with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 4020 ± 30 km/s together with a jet-dominated continuum leads us to classify it as a FSRQ. Finally, we detected with high significance a redshift offset (∼1500 km/s) between the broad line and the host. This is the first time that such an offset has been unequivocally detected in a VHE blazar, possibly pointing to a very peculiar accretion configuration, a merging system, or a recoiling black hole.
An optimization method for deformable mirror configuration in multi-conjugate adaptive optics systems
Authors: Li Ziming , Liu Yuhe , Zhang Lanqiang , Ke Zibo , Huang Linhai , Rao Changhui
Published: October 2024

Context. Multi-conjugate adaptive optics (MCAO) is a crucial technology for achieving high-resolution imaging over a wide field of view with modern ground-based optical telescopes. The configuration of deformable mirrors (DMs) is a key component in the analysis and optimization of MCAO performance. Currently, the search for the optimal DM configuration often relies on iterative and time-consuming Monte Carlo simulations. This issue arises from the lack of an appropriate optimization method for DM configurations.

Aims. The primary objective of this paper is to establish an optimization method for DM configurations in MCAO systems. We established a quantitative criterion for evaluating DM configurations by analyzing their correction capabilities for turbulence aberrations at different altitudes. Then, we optimized the DM configurations based on this criterion. This method provides a new theoretical foundation and practical tool for the design and performance optimization of MCAO systems.

Methods. Based on the pupil phase structure function, we established a DM configuration evaluation criterion, namely the non-conjugate correction index (NCCI). Using NCCI as the optimal criterion, combined with the particle swarm optimization algorithm, we searched for the optimal solution across different DM configuration spaces.

Results. We conducted simulations based on the turbulence profiles of typical telescope sites. We validated our proposed theoretical model against Monte Carlo simulation models and find that the NCCI error ranges from 0.05 to 0.1. For optimizing DM conjugate heights, the results of our optimization algorithm differ by less than 1 km from those obtained via Monte Carlo simulations. Regarding the performance of the DM optimization algorithm, the average convergence accuracy error is less than 0.1 km, and the average convergence speed is approximately ten iterations. Additionally, our optimization method runs in just a few minutes; Monte Carlo simulations, in comparison, require several dozen hours.
The history of the European native oyster Ostrea edulis in Northern Irish waters and the four phases of resource exploitation
Authors: Kirkpatrick Jade , Millar Rachel , Smyth David
Published: October 2024

An in-depth history of the European native oyster in Northern Irish waters has been absent from international and regional peer-reviewed publications. The knowledge of historical losses and a need to recover ecosystems for habitat and biodiversity purposes are primary drivers in an urgency to restore Ostrea edulis. However, a comprehensive record of O. edulis in Northern Ireland is required to assist with this work. The authors compiled a list of relevant references from grey material, rare historical archives, library collections, government reports and peer-reviewed publications. Archival reviews have been tabulated into a timeline, which documents site location, exploitation, sites of significant interest and socio-economic histories of the coastal communities who relied on the oyster. The reference material identified four distinctive phases of exploitation whereby harvesting transits from personal use to commercialization, collapse and then restoration. The study revealed that O. edulis harvests in the early 1800s in Northern Ireland were predominantly destined for export to supply collapsing stocks throughout Britain. Fishing was intense with the fishery closed by 1903. However, the species has proved to be extremely resilient with small artisanal fisheries still in existence today. This research will offer habitat managers guidance in relation to site selection and anthropogenic pressures when restoring the European flat oyster to the iconic historical beds of the Northern Irish Sea loughs.
Strategien und Maßnahmen zur Stärkung der Gesundheitskompetenz von
Menschen mit Migrationsgeschichte – Eine Online-Befragung von
Primärversorger*innen in Hessen
Authors: Wahidie Diana , Pacolli-Tabaku Latife , Yilmaz-Aslan Yüce , Brzoska Patrick
Published: October 2024

Hintergrund Eine ausreichende Gesundheitskompetenz ist entscheidend für
die aktive Beteiligung an gesundheitsbezogenen Entscheidungen. Menschen mit
Migrationsgeschichte gehören zu den Bevölkerungsgruppen, die häufiger
Schwierigkeiten haben können, relevante Informationen zu finden und zum Zwecke
eigener Entscheidungsfindung anzuwenden. Primärversorger*innen können als erste
Anlaufstelle für gesundheits- und krankheitsbedingte Fragen einen wichtigen
Beitrag bei der Stärkung der Gesundheitskompetenz dieser Bevölkerungsgruppe
leisten. Bisher ist unklar, welche Ansätze sie hierfür nutzen.

Ziel der Arbeit Ziel ist es zu ermitteln, welche Strategien und Maßnahmen
exemplarisch Primärversorger*innen in Hessen einsetzen, um die
Gesundheitskompetenz von Menschen mit Migrationsgeschichte zu stärken, und
welche zusätzlichen Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten sie sich hierzu wünschen.

Material und Methoden 2784 primärversorgende Praxen in Hessen wurden im
Zeitraum 01. August 2023 bis 24. Oktober 2023 per E-Mail zur Teilnahme an einer
quantitativen Online-Befragung eingeladen. Die Daten wurden deskriptiv
ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Die Mehrheit der Befragten nutzt zur Stärkung der
Gesundheitskompetenz von Menschen mit Migrationsgeschichte mehrsprachige
Informationsmaterialien, verweist auf zuverlässige Informationsquellen und
Ansprechpartner*innen und setzt mehrheitlich muttersprachliche Mitarbeiter*innen
oder digitale Tools zum Dolmetschen ein. Mittel zur Verbesserung der
Kommunikation und Information sowie eine Aufstockung des Personals werden von
den Primärversorger*innen als hilfreich erachtet, um die Gesundheitskompetenz
der Betroffenen fördern zu können. Gleichzeitig wird betont, dass auch von
Seiten der Patient*innen mit Migrationsgeschichte Anstrengungen unternommen
werden sollten, sich Gesundheitskompetenz anzueignen.

Schlussfolgerung Obwohl Primärversorger*innen bereits Strategien anwenden,
um Menschen mit Migrationsgeschichte bei der Kommunikation und
Entscheidungsfindung zu unterstützen, besteht weiterhin Bedarf an Verbesserungen
durch den Einsatz von Maßnahmen zur Erleichterung des Zugangs und der Navigation
innerhalb der Praxis, eine verstärkte Zusammenarbeit mit anderen Akteur*innen
sowie die Integration von Gesundheitskompetenz in organisatorische Strukturen
der Praxis.
20 Jahre Akupunktur: Erfahrungen, Ziele, Perspektiven
Authors: Hua Kevin
Published: October 2024

Hatten die Akupunktur und die Traditionelle Chinesische Medizin lange Zeit eine Außenseiterposition im deutschen Gesundheitssystem, sind sie - auch dank sich verfestigender wissenschaftlicher Evidenz - zunehmend anerkannt, sowohl bei Patienten als auch bei anderen Ärzten und Institutionen wie der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung. Gabriela Huemer, Moritz Hempen, Kevin Hua, Sebastian Oppitz, Dominik Irnich und Naschmil Pollmann berichten von ihrer persönlichen Berufserfahrung, ihren Abrechnungskonzepten und Perspektiven auf dem Gebiet der Akupunktur und der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin.
Abrechnung von Anamnese- und Gesprächsleistungen nach der Gebührenordnung für Ärzte
Authors: Stör Wolfram
Published: October 2024

Patientengespräche, etwa zur Anamnese, zur Beratung oder Aufklärung über Therapien, sind ein wichtiger und zugleich zeitintensiver Faktor - insbesondere im Bereich der Komplementärmedizin. Die Gebührenordnung für Ärzte (GOÄ) sieht hierfür keine hinreichende Möglichkeit vor, diese Gespräche in vollem Umfang und ohne zeitliche Einschränkungen abzurechnen. Ein genauer Blick auf die GOÄ und klug angewandte Begründungstexte ermöglichen es dennoch, in begrenztem Maße Gesprächsleistungen im Bereich der Akupunktur und ggf. angepasst auch in anderen Domänen der Komplementärmedizin abzurechnen.
Naturheilkundliche Basisversorgung: aus dem Alltag eines naturheilkundlich orientierten Hausarztes
Authors: Gündling Peter W.
Published: October 2024

Auch in einer kassenärztlichen Hausarztpraxis kann schwerpunktmäßig mit Naturheilverfahren und komplementärmedizinischen Methoden gearbeitet werden. Anhand von 5 Beispielfällen, einem Patienten mir Rücken- und Gelenkschmerzen, einer Patientin mit Tracheobronchitis, einer Patientin mit Husten, einer Nachsorge-Patientin nach Mammakarzinom und einem Bluthochdruck-Patienten, schildert ein naturheilkundlich orientierter Hausarzt, wie die Integration der Komplementärmedizin gut gelingen kann.
Rigorously proven chaos in chemical kinetics
Authors: Susits M. , Tóth J.
Published: October 2024

This study addresses a longstanding question regarding the mathematical proof of chaotic behavior in kinetic differential equations. Following the numerous numerical and experimental results in the past 50 years, we introduce two formal chemical reactions that rigorously demonstrate this behavior. Our approach involves transforming chaotic equations into kinetic differential equations and then realizing them through formal chemical reactions. The findings present a novel perspective on chaotic dynamics within chemical kinetics, thereby resolving a longstanding open problem.
Topological spin structures: Growth and interaction with electrons and photons
Authors: Kang Wenyu , Li Hongshu , Ren Sihao , Li Xu , Wu Yaping , Kang Junyong
Published: October 2024

The topological spin structures, such as skyrmions and merons, have increasingly been proposed as information carriers due to their topological characteristics and electrical maneuverability. Nevertheless, the difficulties in growing stable (especially stable under room temperature and zero magnetic fields) and large-scale topological lattices still restrict practical applications. This paper reviews the scientific efforts in facing this challenge comprehensively and simultaneously sums up the interaction between topological spin structures and current or light. The possibility of manipulating electron spin and photon chirality by the topological quasiparticles is emphatically discussed. This review paper aims to demonstrate scientific exploration for physical connotations on the interaction among topological quasiparticles and electrons and photons and to show the bridge built by researchers for the gap between scientific exploration and real-world application for topological spin structures.
Utilization law of shale gas in hydraulic fracturing with the Changning–Weyuan block in China as an example
Authors: Ma Yulin , Li Jing
Published: October 2024

The process of extracting shale gas, particularly the study of the utilization law of shale reservoirs modified by hydraulic fracturing technology, is crucial for understanding the effective development of shale gas. This understanding can significantly influence the estimated ultimate recovery of reserves. Our study focused on Longmaxi Formation shale in the Changning–Weiyuan block. To investigate the hydraulic fracturing expansion mechanism and utilization law, we employed shale reservoir physical and mechanical characterization, indoor triaxial hydraulic fracturing experiments, and numerical simulations. The findings are as follows. The rupture pressure of hydraulic fractures increases with the peripheral pressure, and high stress is conducive to the formation of internal microfractures. Additionally, a high rate of water injection enhances fracture extensions along the direction of fluid injection. Under varying injection pressures, the length of crack extensions and number of bond damages in shale are positively correlated with the injection pressure. Conversely, under different differential ground stresses, the length of crack extensions and number of bond damages are negatively correlated with the injection pressure. The six main factors affecting the effective utilization of shale gas are as follows: the stimulated reservoir volume, number of hydraulic fracture clusters, fracture length, fracture height, number of fracture stages, and cluster spacing, accounting for 27.13%, 14.74%, 10.31%, 9.58%, 9.53%, and 9.29%, respectively, with a cumulative contribution rate of 80.58%. This study clarifies the hydraulic fracturing mechanisms of shale reservoirs and the laws governing shale gas production, providing technical support for the development of shale gas reservoirs.
Excitation of ion acoustic solitary waves and shock waves in decaying plasma between biased parallel-plate electrodes
Authors: Chen Jian , Wang Zhibin
Published: October 2024

In this study, we explore the excitation of ion acoustic solitary waves and shock waves in a decaying plasma confined between biased parallel-plate electrodes using one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. Our findings demonstrate that the oscillating electric field at the sheath edge generates a sequence of ion acoustic solitary waves, which exhibit characteristics consistent with the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equations. We observe that as the electron temperature decreases, the intervals between adjacent wave pulses shorten progressively, leading to the eventual formation of a coherent shock wave structure. These findings highlight the critical role of kinetic simulations in elucidating the dynamics of plasma decay processes.
Coupled computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method for simulating the interactions between ship-induced waves and riprap on restricted waterway banks
Authors: Huang Zhaoyuan , Ouahsine Abdellatif , Farah Elias , Du Peng , Zhao Xizeng
Published: October 2024

In inland waterways, waves generated by passing boats cause the movement of riprap used for bank protection and stabilization. Previous studies have mainly concerned the natural channel erosion problem caused by wind-generated waves and neglected the research and findings on shipping behavior. This work presents a coupling of the computational fluid dynamics model and the discrete element method. The aim is to first study the interactions between ship waves in the confined channel and the movements of the riprap of the banks and shorelines and second to analyze the stability of these armourstones under the actions of various ship velocities and draught depths. These varying conditions exert influence on the ship-induced waves, the crucial point being the drawdown amplitude, and consequently create more intense flow behavior in the near-shore region, which results in instability and destruction of the overall structure of the armor protection layer. The higher ship velocity and the larger draught depth lead to the aggravation of instability processes of the blocs composing the protective layer. There is a critical phenomenon in the influence mechanism of vessel velocity, whereas the variation process induced by draught depth is relatively linear. In addition, the stability of the blocs also depends on their shapes, sizes, and the initial positions within the protective layer. This study could contribute to the high-quality development of inland navigation.
Grazing–sliding bifurcation in a dry-friction oscillator on a moving belt under periodic excitation
Authors: Ma Huizhen , Du Zhengdong
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we consider the grazing–sliding bifurcations in a dry-friction oscillator on a moving belt under periodic excitation. The system is a nonlinear piecewise smooth system defined in two zones whose analytical expressions of the solutions are not available. Thus, we obtain conditions of the existence of grazing–sliding orbits numerically by the shooting method. Then, we compute the lower and higher order approximations of the stroboscopic Poincaré map, respectively, near the grazing–sliding bifurcation point by the method of local zero-time discontinuity mapping. The results of computing the bifurcation diagrams obtained by the lower and higher order maps, respectively, are compared with those from direct simulations of the original system. We find that there are big differences between the lower order map and the original system, while the higher order map can effectively reduce such disagreements. By using the higher order map and numerical simulations, we find that the system undergoes very complicated dynamical behaviors near the grazing–sliding bifurcation point, such as period-adding cascades and chaos.
A spin–flip study of the diradical isomers of pyrrole, furan, and thiophene
Authors: Chen Zhijian , Mendoza-Gomez Sebastian , Azar-Tanguay Jean E. , Ancajas Christine M. F. , Sirianni Dominic A. , Parish Carol A.
Published: October 2024

Heteroaromatic species are commonly found in complex gaseous mixtures, from tobacco smoke to petroleum and asphaltene combustion products. At high temperatures, C–H bond rupture produces various dehydro radical isomers. We have used the spin–flip formulation of equation-of-motion coupled cluster theory with single and double substitutions (EOM-SF-CCSD) to characterize the energies and wave functions of the lowest lying singlet and triplet states of the diradical (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), and (3,4) di-dehydro isomers of pyrrole, furan, and thiophene. In all cases, these diradicals are minima on the broken-symmetry ωB97X-D/cc-pVDZ potential energy surface. In most cases, the diradical geometries distort to enhance through-space or through-bond coupling in the singlet states and to avoid Coulombic or exchange repulsion in the triplet states. EOM-SF-CCSD results indicate that all diradical isomers are two-configurational, closed shell singlet states. The only exceptions to this are for (2,3) and (2,4) thiophene and (2,3) pyrrole, which each contain more than two configurations. In all cases, the leading term in the multiconfigurational diradical wave function doubly occupies the symmetric radical σ orbital, indicative of either through-space or 1,3 through-bond coupling. We utilized the nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) approach to qualitatively assess aromaticity and find that this property varies and may be related to the energetic splittings in these diradical isomers.
Research on compressor cascade flow field modeling method based on finite volume flux-informed neural network
Authors: Liu Qian , Xue Fei , Wang Siwei , Liu Hanru , Wang Yangang
Published: October 2024

For compressor cascade flow field modeling, there exists strong velocity shear in the leading edge separation flow, boundary layer, and wake, which leads to increased modeling errors. To improve the accuracy of the flow field modeling method, this paper introduces the concept of numerical flux from the finite volume method into the loss function to implement Euler equation physics-informed learning, and a finite volume flux-informed neural network (FVFI-net) is constructed. Selecting a high-load, large-turning-angle compressor cascade as the study object, a comparative analysis is conducted on the advantages and disadvantages of purely data-driven, weak physical constraint, and finite volume flux-informed methods in compressor cascade flow field modeling. The study found that compared to purely data-driven and weak physical constraint methods, FVFI-net can reduce the average error of aerodynamic parameters in the flow field by approximately 45.6% and 29.5%, respectively, at a 0° angle of attack. For the flow separation problem occurring at the suction side leading edge and the blade wake area caused by a 5° angle of attack, FVFI-net can effectively reduce modeling errors near the leading edge, in the wake region, and near the periodic boundaries, thus reducing the average error of the aerodynamic parameters of the flow field by about 49.2%and 31.3%, respectively, compared to pure data-driven and weak physical constraint methods.