bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Constitutive Behavior and Fracture of Lanthanum Metal Subjected to Impact Compression at Different Temperatures and Impact Tension
Authors: Wang Huanran , Cai Canyuan , Chen Danian , Ma Dongfang
Published: February 2021

Based on compressive tests, static on 810 material test system (MTS) and dynamic on the first compressive loading in split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests at different strain rates and temperatures for Lanthanum (La) cylinder specimens, this study determined Johnson-Cook (J-C) type compressive constitutive equation of La metal. The determined compressive constitutive equation of La metal was calibrated in numerically simulating the recorded large deformations of La cylinder specimens generated by the multi-compressive loadings in SHPB tests. Based on tensile tests, static on MTS and dynamic on the first tensile loading in optimized tensile split Hopkinson bar (TSHB) tests at different strain rates for La sheet specimens, this study determined the J-C type tensile constitutive equation of La metal. It was found that the La sheet specimens were fractured during the first tensile loading in TSHB tests. The numerical simulations of transmitted and reflected pulses of TSHB tests for La sheet specimens using strain rate dependent failure strain criterion were consistent with the experimental data. The relation between dynamic failure strength and strain rates was discussed. From scanning electron microscope investigation of fractured La specimens, it was found that damage evolution patterns at high loading rates tend to become regular.
Multiscale Analysis of Particle Size-dependent Steady Compaction Waves in Granular Energetic Materials
Authors: Zhang Xin-Ming , Wu Yan-Qing , Huang Feng-Lei
Published: February 2021

A multiscale model is used to analyze the compaction processes in granular HMX beds composed of different particle sizes (coarse particles, d=40 μm and microfine particles, d=4 μm). The localization strategy of Gonthier is extended to include changes in thermal energy induced by compression. The variation in yield strength caused by solid-liquid phase change is also considered. Analysis of the steady-state wave structure indicates that the compaction behavior of a porous material is dependent on particle size. For solid volume fraction φs < 0.88, the fine particle beds provide greater resistance to compaction than the coarse particle beds, and they propagate compaction waves that travel at faster speeds. When φs > 0.88, the physical state of the compacted bed has become very similar for the two materials. For subsonic compaction waves, the evolution of the grain temperature shows that large particles lead to large hot spots and high temperature and coarse particles are more shock sensitive at low shock pressures. For supersonic compaction waves, compression induced changes in thermal energy play an important role in localization strategy. It increases the localization sphere center radius. The dissipated energy is deposited over a larger localization volume so that the grain temperature near the intergranular contact surface is reduced significantly. The localization center radius further increases because of the decrease in the yield strength caused by solid–liquid phase change. Consequently, the peak grain temperature is reduced further.
Numerical Analysis of Shockwave Propagation in Urban Underpass
Authors: Li Xin , Wang Zhihua , Wu Guiying
Published: February 2021

As an indispensable part of transportation system, urban underpass can alleviate traffic congestion and reduce traffic accidents effectively. In order to acquaint the hydrodynamics of shockwave in underpass and assess the potential damage and risk of bombing accidents, a numerical simulation was established to calculate the blast effects originating from the 13Kg TNT. Based on the location of detonation point, the shape of corridor section and the exit's cover, peak pressure distributions were predicted. The results indicate that the propagation of shockwave in horizontal direction switches to the inclined top of ground in a near-field due to the ground reflection and the set of exit's cover increases the risk of explosion to the structure and the users.
Promising approaches to catechesis in church communities: towards a research framework
Authors: de Kock A. (Jos)
Published: February 2021

The central focus of this article is to research how the modern religious and cultural landscape, in which our youth is growing up in, impacts the way catechetical practices in the various churches are organised and what type of catechetical learning environments seems to best fit the churches’ aim to be a community in this landscape. The author describes three educational models of catechetical learning environments and hypothesizes that the apprenticeship model is a promising catechetical model for church communities. The study concludes by presenting a practical theological research framework in which catechetical learning environments and learning processes may be empirically studied in such a way that ‘evidence’ may be gleaned for a particular hypotheses linking the relationship between the modern societal context, the church as a community and the religious identity development of today’s youth.
Ethische Predigt
Authors: Fritz Regina
Published: February 2021

Ethische Predigt ist zwar ein gängiges Phänomen kirchlicher Praxis, wird jedoch theoretisch selten reflektiert. Nach einem Blick auf einschlägige homiletische Veröffentlichungen stellt die Autorin mit der Ethik von Johannes Fischer ein Konzept vor, das ethische Predigt in ihrer Funktion beschreibbar macht. Demnach lässt sich zeigen, wie eine Kanzelrede, die Verstand und Intuitionen anspricht, sittliche Orientierung zu leisten vermag.
Auf dem Weg zu einer religionspädagogischen Ethnographie?
Authors: Riegger Manfred
Published: February 2021

This article demonstrates ethnography in religious education as a possible avenue for research in concrete situations of relevance to religious education. First, the empirical process is discussed, before one student’s statements regarding his father’s death are presented in a thick description. Finally, empirical and didactic-methodological perspectives of this approach are demonstrated.
Mock politeness and culture: Perceptions and practice in UK and Italian data
Authors: Taylor Charlotte
Published: February 2021

This paper investigates the extent to which perceptions of cultural variation correspond to actual practice with reference to (national) cultures in Britain and Italy. More specifically, the aspect of im/politeness that is addressed is mock politeness, a subset of implicational impoliteness that is triggered by an im/politeness mismatch. In the first phase of the study, two sets of comparable corpora are employed to investigate perceptions of mock politeness (using search terms such assarcasticandpatronizing) in relation to cultural identities. The first pair of corpora is composed of national newspapers in England and Italy, collected in 2014, and the second set are web corpora. What emerges from this stage is a strong tendency for both the English and Italian corpora to associate (potential) mock polite behaviors such as beingironicwith a British cultural identity.

In the second stage of the study, I use a corpus of conversational data from British English and Italian online discussion forums, in which mock polite behaviors have been identified and annotated, in order to investigate whether there is any evidence for the cultural assumptions found in the first phase. As will be shown, the analysis reveals both variation in cultural practice and a significant gap between perceptions and practice.

In describing and identifying this gap between perceptions and practice, I show both how (anglocentric) academic description has underestimated cultural variation, and, in contrast, how cultural variation is overestimated in lay description.
What word-level knowledge can adult learners acquire after minimal exposure to a new language?
Authors: Gullberg Marianne , Roberts Leah , Dimroth Christine
Published: February 2021

Discussions about the adult L2 learning capacity often take as their starting point stages where considerable L2 knowledge has already been accumulated. This paper probes the absolute earliest stages of learning and investigates what lexical knowledge adult learners can extract from complex, continuous speech in an unknown language after minimal exposure and without any help. Dutch participants were exposed to naturalistic but controlled audiovisual input in Mandarin Chinese, in which item frequency and gestural highlighting were manipulated. The results from a word recognition task showed that adults are able to draw on frequency to recognize disyllabic words appearing only eight times in continuous speech. The findings from a sound-to-picture matching task revealed that the mapping of meaning to word form requires a combination of cues: disyllabic words accompanied by a gesture were correctly assigned meaning after eight encounters. Overall, the study suggests that the adult learning mechanism is a considerably more powerful than typically assumed in the SLA literature drawing on frequency, gestural cues and syllable structure. Even in the absence of pre-existing knowledge about cognates and sound system to bootstrap and boost learning, it deals efficiently with very little, very complex input.
Understanding and overcoming pragmatic failure in intercultural communication: From focus on speakers to focus on hearers
Authors: Padilla Cruz Manuel
Published: February 2021

For learners to communicate efficiently in the L2, they must avoid pragmatic failure. In many cases, teachers' praxis centres on the learner's performance in the L2 or his role as a speaker, which neglects the importance of his role as interpreter of utterances. Assuming that, as hearers, learners also have a responsibility to avoid pragmatic failure, this paper endorses the relevance-theoretic view of communication, its explanation about why misunderstandings arise, and the belief that the learner's sophistication in understanding is not the same as that of a native. Therefore, it argues that learners must be taught to be cautious optimistic hearers. As a result, learners will be able to reject interpretations of utterances, which, due to the linguistic or cultural incompetence of their native or non-native interlocutors in the L2 system, they are led to regard as relevant enough although their interlocutors may have expected them to arrive at a different interpretation.
Developing actional competence and the building blocks of telicity in L2 Italian
Authors: Rastelli Stefano , Vernice Mirta
Published: February 2021

The Aspect Hypothesis assumes that – in early interlanguages – the perfective past spreads from telic to atelic verbs because events occuring in the past are easier to be associated with predicates having an inherent endpoint in their lexico-conceptual representation. In this study it is questioned whether for initial L2ers knowing the general meaning of a verb entails knowing also its actional template and that learners have innate principles that drive them to distinguish telic and atelic verbs from scratch. Data from our experiment of prompted narrative suggest that L1 English, L2 Italian tutored learners – although having knowledge of some telic verbs of motion – prefer to use the underspecified andare `go' and to build telicity compositionally. The overuse of most frequent and “basic verbs” and the promotion of adjuncts to the rank of real arguments is a challenge for both the Aspect Hypothesis and the parametric view to the acquisition of the tense-aspect system in a second language.
Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Withania somnifera root in fructose fed male rats
Authors: Shahraki Mohammad Reza , Samadi Noshahr Zahra , Ahmadvand Hassan , Nakhaie Alireza
Published: February 2021

Background: Insulin resistance is a metabolic disorder which affects the diabetes mellitus pathophysiology and alters the cell excitability. This study has been designed to evaluate the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of chronic administration of Withania somnifera root (WSR) in fructose drinking water rats.

Methods: An experiment was carried out on 48 Wistar-Albino male rats, weighting 200±30 g, which were divided into six groups (n=8): control group (C), control morphine (CM), W. somnifera group (WS) which received WSR (62.5 mg/g diet), W. somnifera naloxone group (WSN) which received WSR and naloxone, fructose (F) group which received fructose drinking water and FWS group which received fructose-enriched drinking water and WSR during the trial period. A biphasic pain response was induced after intraplantar injection of formalin (50 μL, 1%). Pain behavior was measured using Dubuisson methods. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS software V. 18, using ANOVA and Tukey test. Results were expressed as mean±SD. Statistical differences were considered significant at p<0.05.

Results: The results showed that the insulin resistance index, blood sugar, insulin, IL-6, TNF-α, and acute and chronic pain score in the F group were significantly increased in comparison with the control group, but these parameters in the FWS group were significantly decreased compared with the F group (p<0.001).

Conclusions: Our findings indicated that chronic oral administration of WSR has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in fructose drinking water rats and causes improved insulin resistance index.
Three 1930s Novels about Satan
Authors: Swindell Anthony
Published: February 2021

This essay surveys the treatment of Satan in three significant though largely neglected novels of the 1930s, Klaus Mann’s Mephisto (1936), Howell Davies’ Congratulate the Devil (1939), and Anton Tamsaare’s The Misadventures of the New Satan (1939). Despite the marginalization of discourse about Satan in European Christianity of the period, each of these novels adopts its own idiosyncratic stance towards the realistic representation of a diabolical entity, drawing on a combination of biblical and folkloric models. Whilst Mann’s novel reiterates and extends the Faustian tradition of the individual succumbing to damnation, the other two novels inventively uphold the folkloric reception of the biblical Satan as a social force.
The Real Exchange Rate and Economic Growth: A Survey
Authors: Rapetti Martin
Published: February 2021

This paper offers a systematic survey of recent research evaluating the impact of the level and volatility of the real exchange rate (RER) on economic growth. Existing empirical work finds a positive association between RER levels and economic growth, especially in developing countries. This relationship appears to be driven by cases of overvaluation hurting and undervaluation favoring growth. RER volatility, in turn, has a negative impact on growth. Together with the review of the literature, panel growth regressions with the 9.0 version of the Penn World Table database are carried out to evaluate previous findings. The paper also surveys the literature studying the mechanisms that explain the positive growth effect of the RER. One of them emphasizes that an undervalued RER reduces macroeconomic volatility, favoring capital accumulation and growth. Another one stresses that a competitive RER stimulates capital accumulation in modern tradable activities, facilitating structural change and economic development.
How reliable is procalcitonin as an inflammatory marker?1)
Authors: Biller Katharina , Fae Peter , Germann Reinhard , Walli Autar K. , Fraunberger Peter
Published: February 2021

The role of procalcitonin (PCT) plasma levels as a diagnostic tool for intensive care patients has been intensively investigated during the past years. In particular for recognition of bacterial infections, PCT levels have been shown to be superior to other clinical and biochemical markers. Furthermore, some very recent studies show that in patients with lower respiratory tract infections PCT guided antibiotic therapy reduces antibiotic use and thereby may also reduce duration of stay of patients in hospital and thus cut hospitalisation costs. However, various studies indicate that the value of PCT as a prognostic marker is limited because of false positive or negative values. Despite these limitations PCT plasma levels are currently measured in intensive care units. The present study summarises the possible clinical uses of this laboratory marker as a diagnostic tool for the assessment of critically ill patients.
Experimental study and kinetics modeling of gas hydrate formation of methane–ethane mixture
Authors: Naeiji Parisa , Varaminian Farshad
Published: February 2021

In this study, gas hydrate formation kinetics of methane and ethane binary
mixtures has been studied and data of mixed methane–ethane hydrate
formation at 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.68, 0.8, and 0.9 mole fractions of
methane and at a temperature of 277.15 K and an initial pressure of
approximately 3.6 MPa were collected. The thermodynamic natural path was
used for modeling the hydrate formation rate in a constant volume process.
The results show that there is good agreement between model prediction and
experimental data, with an average error of 0.9%. It was observed that
the values of these parameters are dependent on the concentration of
components in the mixtures. The results indicate that this model can predict
constant volume experimental data of binary mixture hydrate.
The effect of a home-based strength training program on type 2 diabetes risk in obese Latino boys
Authors: Kelly Louise A. , Loza Armando , Lin Xiao , Schroeder E. Todd , Hughes Adrienne , Kirk Alison , Knowles Ann-Maire
Published: February 2021

Objective: To determine the effects of a home-based strength training (HBST) intervention on insulin sensitivity (SI), compensatory acute insulin response and β-cell function, body composition measures, and maximum strength in obese Latino boys.

Methods: A total of 26 obese Latino males aged between 14 and 18 years were randomized to either a twice-weekly (n=15) or a control group (C; n=15) for 16 weeks. HBST for 16 weeks, composed of two 1-h sessions per week. Outcome measures were assessed pre-and post-intervention/control condition and included SI, acute insulin response to glucose (AIR) and disposition index (DI), fasting glucose, 2-h glucose, body composition using waist-hip circumferences, body mass index (BMI), dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan, blood pressure, and strength by 1-repetition maximum. A repeated measures GLM was used to assess differences in changes in outcome measures, between the C and the HBST groups.

Results: There were no significant overall intervention effects on any of the outcome variables (p<0.05).

Conclusion: These results suggest that an HBST does not improve SI, maximal strength or decrease adiposity in obese Latino boys.
Cellular immune responses in amniotic fluid of women with a sonographic short cervix
Authors: Galaz Jose , Romero Roberto , Xu Yi , Miller Derek , Levenson Dustyn , Para Robert , Varrey Aneesha , Hsu Richard , Tong Anna , Hassan Sonia S. , Hsu Chaur-Dong , Gomez-Lopez Nardhy
Published: February 2021

Objectives

A sonographic short cervix is one of the strongest predictors of preterm delivery. However, the cellular immune composition of amniotic fluid in women with a short cervix has not yet been described. Herein, we determined cellular and soluble immune responses in amniotic fluid from pregnant women with a mid-trimester asymptomatic short cervix.

Methods

Amniotic fluid samples (n=77) were collected from asymptomatic women with a cervical length between 15 and 25 mm (n=36, short cervix) or ≤15 mm (n=41, severely short cervix) diagnosed by ultrasound. Flow cytometry and multiplex measurement of cytokines/chemokines were performed.

Results

(1) The cellular immune composition of amniotic fluid did not differ between women with a severely short cervix (≤15 mm) and those with a short cervix 15–25 mm; (2) amniotic fluid concentrations of multiple cytokines/chemokines were higher in women with a severely short cervix (≤15 mm) than in those with a short cervix 15–25 mm; (3) the cellular immune composition of amniotic fluid did not differ between women with a severely short cervix (≤15 mm) who ultimately underwent preterm delivery and those who delivered at term; and (4) amniotic fluid concentrations of IL-2, but not other immune mediators, were increased in women with a severely short cervix (≤15 mm) who ultimately delivered preterm compared to those who delivered at term.

Conclusions

Women with a severely short cervix (≤15 mm) have increased concentrations of pro-inflammatory mediators in the amniotic cavity; yet, these do not translate to changes in the cellular immune response.
A Count of Counts. Parallel Loanwords and Channels of Communication between Arabic, Latin, French and Occitan in the Levant at the Time of the Crusades
Authors: Lewis Kevin J.
Published: February 2021

Medieval Levantine Arabic sources contain two separate but synonymous terms for ‘count’ – a title borne by many crusaders. These terms are “qūm.ṣ” and “kund”. Although past scholars have agreed that “kund” was a transliteration of Old French “conte”, they have disagreed on whether “qūm.ṣ” derived from Latin “comes” or Occitan “coms”. This paper argues in favour of the Latin etymology. The paper then proposes that the distinction in the usage of “kund” and “qūm.ṣ” depended on the medium through which Arabophones communicated with the Franks in question. Latin “comes” likely entered Arabic as “qūmiṣ” via translations of Latin documents produced by the chanceries of the settled Syro-Frankish aristocracy. Meanwhile, French “conte” entered Arabic as “kund” via less formal oral contact between Arabophones and temporarily visiting crusaders and pilgrims.
Referenzintervalle für eisenabhängige Blutparameter bei Kindern und Jugendlichen: Ergebnisse einer populationsgestützten Kohortenstudie (LIFE Child)
Authors: Rieger Kristin , Vogel Mandy , Engel Christoph , Ceglarek Uta , Thiery Joachim , Kratzsch Jürgen , Harms Kristian , Glock Fabian , Hiemisch Andreas , Kiess Wieland
Published: February 2021

Einleitung: Es werden pädiatrische Referenzintervalle zu eisenabhängigen Parametern kontinuierlich über das Alter unter Anwendung des, in der Laboratoriumsmedizin noch wenig bekannten, R-Pakets GAMLSS aus einer hoch standardisierten Probenpopulation ermittelt.

Methoden: 2778 Blutproben von LIFE Child-Probanden im Alter von 2,5 bis 19 Jahren wurden mittels Sysmex XN-9000 für Hämoglobin und Retikulozyten, sowie mittels Roche cobas 8000 für Transferrin und Ferritin analysiert. Die Schätzung der Referenzintervalle erfolgte durch wiederholte Modellberechnungen unter Anwendung der LMS-Methode nach Cole mit spezifisch gewichteten Teilstichproben.

Ergebnisse: Es wurden kontinuierliche und geschlechtsspezifische Referenzintervalle sowie geglättete Perzentilenkurven für Hämoglobin, Ferritin, Retikulozyten und Transferrin erstellt. Dabei konnten aufgrund der wiederholten Modellberechnungen Einzelkurven und durch Mittelung zusammengefasste Perzentilenkurven erstellt werden. Die Einzelkurven gaben einen Überblick über potentielle Schwankungen der einzelnen Parameterverläufe. Die gemittelten Kurven ermöglichten eine stabile Kurvenverlaufsbeurteilung der eisenabhängigen Parameter im Kindes- und Jugendalter.

Schlussfolgerungen: Hiermit stehen erstmals mit dem GAMLSS-R-Paket und für die hier verwendeten Gerätetechniken eruierte aktuelle alters- und geschlechtsspezifische Referenzintervalle zur Verfügung. Verglichen zu bisherigen Studien können frühere Ergebnisse vervollständigt und Diskrepanzen, abhängig vom unterschiedlichen methodischen Vorgehen, verdeutlicht werden. Relevante Erkenntnisse für die Diagnostik der Eisenmangelanämie, wie eine geschlechtsabhängige Beurteilung des Hämoglobins ab dem 11. Lebensjahr statt wie bisher ab 15 Jahren (nach WHO), werden dargestellt.
Unifying two general licensors of completive adverbials in syntax
Authors: Zhang Niina Ning
Published: February 2021

It is well-known that an agent-oriented adverbial is syntactically licensed by a functional projection in which an agent is base generated. How is a completive adverbial, such as in three minutes, licensed? It has been noted that such an adverbial is licensed by either a resultative or an incremental theme in the form of a nominal that is quantified by a numeral (and a classifier in numeral classifier languages). Both licensing conditions encode a bounded scale. This paper argues that the nominal in the special form can be analyzed as an element hosted in a ResultP, and thus the two conditions are also unified syntactically. The evidence for the analysis comes from the syntactic similarities and interactions between such a nominal and the resultative in a VV resultative construction in Mandarin Chinese.
Diachronic viability of syntactic alternatives
Authors: García Erica C.
Published: February 2021

The paper examines the diachronic implications of asymmetries in the synchronic distribution of syntactic variants, by inquiring whether syntactic alternatives can differentiate historically, following the model of morphological split. A discussion of the general principles underlying diachronic differentiation and syntactic variation is followed by an in-depth analysis, in a large corpus of Goldoni's comedies, of the alternation in Italian of con phrases with first and second person pronouns as object where the preposition is enclitic vs. preposed (meco/con me, teco/con te). The two variants are shown to be nonequivalent, and pragmatically in complementary distribution. The failure of the (older) variant with enclitic -co to survive historically and the order in which it disappeared in the three grammatical persons are both accounted for; it is further shown that the synchronic distribution of the alternatives, especially the relative proportion of cases of the older variant found in more or less "categorical" environments, foreshadows the historically observed outcome.
Still mirative after all these years
Authors: Delancey Scott
Published: February 2021

This article re-presents the case, first presented in DeLancey (1997), for the mirative as a crosslinguistic category, and responds to critiques of that work by Gilbert Lazard and Nathan Hill. The nature of the mirative, a category which marks a statement as representing information which is new or unexpected, is exemplified with data from Kham (Tibeto-Burman) and Hare (Athabaskan). The mirative category is shown to be distinct from the well-known mediative or indirective evidential category. Finally, the role of mirativity in the complex verbal systems of Tibetan languages is briefly outlined.
Synthesis and structure of [2-((L)-menthoxycarbonyl)ethyl]diphenyltin halides
Authors: Liu Qingtao , Shi Xiaowen , Zhang Changfa , Tian Laijin
Published: February 2021

Two [2-((L)-menthoxycarbonyl)ethyl]diphenyltin halides, (L)-MenOCOCH2CH2SnXPh2 (X=Cl, 1; I, 2), have been synthesized and characterized by means of elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR (1H, 13C, and 119Sn) spectroscopy, and X-ray single crystal diffraction. The tin atoms in 1 and 2 are both five-coordinated and possess the [C3SnOX] (X=Cl and I) trigonal bipyramidal environment with the trigonal plane defined by the three carbon atoms and the axial positions occupied by the halogen atom and internal carbonyl oxygen. There is a five-membered chelate ring in 1 and 2 with the Sn-O distance being 2.4781(16) and 2.512(2) Å, respectively.
Kontingenzbewältigung als Zügel der Herrschaft
Authors: Al Ghouz Abdelkader
Published: February 2021

After the collapse of the Abbasid Empire as a result of the Mongol conquest of Bagdad in 1258, a number of Sunni Muslim scholars perceived the sudden absence of the caliphate, an important Islamic political institution, as an experience of contingency. The emergence of the Mamluk dynasty (1250–1517) in Egypt and Syria caused an additional experience of contingency: the crisis of legitimacy of the Mamluk rulers. Furthermore, the Mamluks and their legal scholars did not assiduously apply the Shariʿa provisions to practical politics – theoretically, however, they accepted it in order to legitimize their rule over the so-called Islamicate regions. In some of his works, the Damascene Muslim scholar Taqī ad-Dīn Aḥmad Ibn Taymīya (d. 1328) faces up to these three experiences of contingency. This article therefore examines how Ibn Taymīya perceived these three phenomena and sheds light on the complex layers of strategies that he uses in order to cope with the experiences of contingency.
On derivations of partially ordered sets
Authors: Zhang Huarong , Li Qingguo
Published: February 2021

In this paper, the notion of derivation on partially ordered sets is introduced and studied. Several characterization theorems on derivations are presented. The properties of the fixed points based on the derivations are investigated. Finally, the properties of ideals and operations related with derivations are studied.
Homological properties of banach modules over abstract segal algebras
Authors: Nasr-Isfahani Rasoul , Nemati Mehdi , Soltani Renani Sima
Published: February 2021

We study projectivity and injectivity for Banach modules over abstract Segal algebras. We then apply these results to abstract Segal algebras related to locally compact groups.
On the stability of a laminated Timoshenko problem with interfacial slip in the whole space under frictional dampings or infinite memories
Authors: Guesmia Aissa
Published: February 2021

The author of the present paper considered in [16] a model describing a vibrating strucure of an interfacial slip and consists of three coupled hyperbolic equations in one-dimensional bounded interval, where the dissipation is generated by either a frictional damping or an infinite memory, and it is acting only on one component. Some strong, polynomial, exponential and non exponential stability results were proved in [16] depending on the values of the parameters and the regularity of the initial data. The objective of the present paper is to compelete the study of [16] by considering this model in the whole line ℝ and under only one control given by a frictional damping or an infinite memory. When the system is controled via its second or third component (rotation angle displacement or dynamic of the slip), we show that this control alone is sufficient to stabilize our system and get different polynomial stability estimates in the L
2-norm of the solution and its higher order derivatives with respect to the space variable. The decay rate depends on the regularity of the initial data, the nature of the control and the parameters in the system. However, when the system is controled via its first component (transversal displacement), we found a new stability condition depending on the parameters in the system. This condition defines a limit between the stability and instability of the system in the sense that, when this condition is staisfied, the system is polynomially stable. Otherwise, when this condition is not satisfied, we prove that the solution does not converge to zero at all. The proofs are based on the energy method and Fourier analysis combined with judicious choices of weight functions.
Highly responsive near-infrared photodetector with low dark current using graphene/germanium Schottky junction with Al2O3 interfacial layer
Authors: Kim Cihyun , Yoo Tae Jin , Chang Kyoung Eun , Kwon Min Gyu , Hwang Hyeon Jun , Lee Byoung Hun
Published: February 2021

The performance of a graphene/Ge Schottky junction near-infrared photodetector is significantly enhanced by inserting a thin Al2O3 interfacial layer between graphene and Ge. Dark current is reduced by two orders of magnitudes, and the specific detectivity is improved to 1.9 × 1010 cm ⋅ Hz1/2W−1. The responsivity is improved to 1.2 AW−1 with an interfacial layer from 0.5 AW−1 of the reference devices. The normalized photo-to-dark current ratio is improved to 4.3 × 107 W−1 at a wavelength of 1550 nm, which is 10–100 times higher than those of other Ge photodetectors.
Modification of cellulosic filler with diisocyanates – volatile organic compounds emission assessment and stability of chemical structure over time
Authors: Hejna Aleksander , Marć Mariusz , Korol Jerzy
Published: February 2021

This paper investigated the impact of type and content of diisocyanate on the structure of modified cellulose fillers. Four the most popular isocyanates were applied – isophorone, hexamethylene, toluene and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate – at loadings of 1–15 wt%. Chemical structure, and its short-term storage stability, were investigated for eight weeks. Moreover, the main volatile organic compounds detected during modification, as well as emitted from fillers before and after storage, were identified. The main compounds detected in the air during modifications were terpenes and terpenoids. No diisocyanates were detected, which is very beneficial considering their toxicity. They were emitted from modified fillers at 40 °C, but only from fresh samples. After storage no emissions were noted, which indicated successful modification of fillers, also confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy and changes in polarity of fillers’ surface. Observed changes should be considered beneficial for the potential applications of modified fillers in manufacturing of polymer composites.
Subjectivity in the Age of Pandemics
Authors: Mensch James
Published: February 2021

The current pandemic that originated in a “wet” market in Wuhan has often been compared to the threat we face with climate change. The former originated in the trade in wild animals, which has driven many species to the point of extinction. In fact, we face an unprecedented rate of species loss due to pressures on habitats, pollution, and human predation. The threat of climate change originates with our uncontrolled use of fossil fuels, which, in making large parts of the globe uninhabitable, imperils our own species. The rationality (or lack thereof) that is exhibited here concerns our relation to the earth. We regard it simply as a means for our purposes. Separating ourselves from it, we follow the Biblical injunction to have “dominion” over it. In this, we express a conception of subjectivity that is exemplified by Descartes and Kant. To overcome this, I argue, we need a different sense of what it means to be a subject, one that takes it as a sustaining ground and points to the earth as the ultimate subject.
All Aboard the Louis Vuitton Train!
Authors: Dahlberg Leif
Published: February 2021

The article discusses fashion advertising as a means to access and understand contemporary social imaginary significations of the body politic, focusing on an advertising for Louis Vuitton. The article suggest that one can read advertising as a form of continuous, running commentary that society makes of itself, and through which one can unearth the social imaginary. The article finds a plethora of meanings in the selected advertising for Louis Vuitton, but the central finding is that the fashion advertising represents community as an absence of community; in other words as a deficit that the brand somehow is able to rectify.
Desire for Justice and Desire as Justice: Theatre and Drama in Greenaway’s The Cook, the Thief, his Wife and her Lover
Authors: Korsten Frans-Willem , de Zeeuw Tessa
Published: February 2021

This article reads Peter Greenaway’s 1989 film The Cook, the Thief, his Wife and her Lover for the way it deals with the relation between justice and desire. The authors discuss how the film portrays, on the one hand, a desire for justice that seeks a theatrical mode of legal procedure in the form of a rule of law that is systematically ethical; and on the other hand, desire as justice as the expression of what Gilles Deleuze called the “ethics of becoming.” The two forms are brought in tension in the film’s final scene, which can be read either as a case presented to the viewer as audience in the judicial theatre, or as a feud that plays out on what the authors read as a Brechtian podium, a space characterized by its radical openness and accessibility. On the podium the procedure is not structured by an audience that needs to watch the proceedings as a check on its fairness, but in which the audience actively participates in determining the situation. Through formal, cinematographic elements, The Cook, the Thief, his Wife and her Lover brings these two modes of desire and justice, and the ethical, theatrical and procedural forms they imply, in tension with one another. It makes the film a crucial jurisprudential text.
Evidence for minimal pairs in Turkish Sign Language (TİD)
Authors: Makaroğlu Bahtiyar , Bekar İpek Pınar , Arik Engin
Published: February 2021

Recently, many studies have examined the phonological parameters in sign languages from various research perspectives, paying close attention in particular to manual parameters such as handshape, place of articulation, movement, and orientation of the hands. However, these studies have been conducted on only a few sign languages such as American and British Sign Languages, and have paid little attention to nonmanual features. In this study, we investigated yet another sign language, Turkish Sign Language (TİD), focusing on both manual and nonmanual features to examine "minimal pairs", a cornerstone concept of phonology. We applied Brentari's (2005) feature classification and Pfau and Quer's (2010) phonological (or lexical) nonmanual categorization. Our analysis showed that both phonological features and constraints on TİD sign formation have a phonological structure similar to other well-studied sign languages. The results indicate that not only are phonological features a necessary notion for the description of both manual and nonmanual parameters at the lexical level in TİD, but also that nonmanuals have to be considered an essential part of sign as a way of better understanding their phonological roles in sign language phonology.
Compatibility of injectable posaconazole with drugs commonly used in a hematology care unit
Authors: Polo Caroline , D’Huart Elise , Lesperlette Gwendoline , Vigneron Jean , Meyer Florence , Demoré Béatrice
Published: February 2021

Objectives

Concomitant administration of two incompatible drugs in the same infusion line can lead to a precipitation which could have clinical consequences for patients. The objective of this work was to study the physical compatibility of injectable posaconazole with other drugs commonly used in an adult hematology care unit.

Methods

The most widely used injectable drugs co-administered with posaconazole have been listed with a total of 19 drugs. For some drugs, different conditions have been tested. A total of 24 solutions were produced (not including the posaconazole). In the absence of compatibility data, the physical compatibility was tested for each pair including one of the 24 solutions and posaconazole. For each pair studied, three different ratios were prepared (9:1, 1:1, 1:9). Visual evaluations were performed after the mixture, after one and 4 h.

Results

Seventy two mixtures have been realised: 55.56% of pairs (n=40/72) resulted in a precipitation, against 44.44% (n=32/72) with no visual modification after a 4-h storage. On the 19 drugs tested, only filgrastim and tacrolimus showed no visual change with posaconazole during a 4-h storage.

Conclusions

In majority of cases, posaconazole was not compatible with drugs having alkaline pH, commonly used in a hematology unit.
Considerations concerning the chronology of the early Copper Age Tiszapolgár culture
Authors: Diaconescu Dragoş
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung: Neue AMS Daten der frühen Kupferzeit Südosteuropas (z. B. aus dem Gräberfeld von Varna und aus Fundstellen der Tiszapolgárkultur, etwa Vésztő-Bikeri, Körösladány-Bikeri, Hajdúböszörmény-Ficsori-tó-Dűlő oder Uivar) scheinen das bestehende klassische Chronologieschema zu verändern. Die Gültigkeit dieses Schemas kann mittels der Korrespondenzanalyse (KA) überprüft werden. In chronologischer Hinsicht zeigen die Ergebnisse eine dreistufige Entwicklung der Tiszapolgárkultur. Die geschätzte Dauer dieser archäologischen Kultur (auf der Grundlage eines Bayesischen Modells der bestehenden AMS Daten inklusive neuer Messungen aus Gorzsa) fällt in einen Zeitraum zwischen 4600–4200 cal BC und ist damit also etwa 200 Jahre früher anzusetzen, als bisher angenommen wurde.

Résumé: Les nouvelles datations radiocarbone publiées pour le Chalcolithique ancien du sud-est de l’Europe (provenant par exemple de la nécropole de Varna ou de sites tels Vésztő-Bikeri, Körösladány-Bikeri, Hajdúböszörmény-Ficsori-tó-Dűlő ou Uivar) semblent modifier les schémas chronologiques classiques. La validité de ce schéma peut être vérifiée en faisant usage de la méthode de l’analyse des correspondances. Les résultats obtenus démontrent une évolution chronologique de la culture de Tiszapolgár en trois étapes. La période que nous estimons sur la base d’approches Bayésiennes des datations radiocarbone AMS à notre disposition (y compris de nouvelles dates provenant de Gorzsa) place cette culture entre environ 4600 et 4200 cal BC ; elle débute donc à peu près 200 ans avant la date acceptée dans les études antérieures.

Abstract: The new AMS dates published from South-Eastern Europe’s Early Copper Age (e.g. from the Varna cemetery and from Tiszapolgár culture sites like Vésztő-Bikeri, Körösladány-Bikeri, Hajdúböszörmény-Ficsori-tó-Dűlő or Uivar) seem to change the existing classical chronological scheme. The validity of this scheme can be checked using correspondence analysis (CA). The obtained results show a tripartite evolution of the Tiszapolgár culture from the chronological point of view. The estimated time span (based on a Bayesian model of the existing AMS data, including new ones from Gorzsa) for this archaeological culture is between c. 4600–4200 cal BC, beginning more or less two hundred years earlier than was previously thought.
Organophosphate pesticides exposure among farmworkers: pathways and risk of adverse health effects
Authors: Suratman Suratman , Edwards John William , Babina Kateryna
Published: February 2021

Organophosphate (OP) compounds are the most widely used pesticides with more than 100 OP compounds in use around the world. The high-intensity use of OP pesticides contributes to morbidity and mortality in farmworkers and their families through acute or chronic pesticides-related illnesses. Many factors contributing to adverse health effects have been investigated by researchers to determine pathways of OP-pesticide exposure among farmers in developed and developing countries. Factors like wind/agricultural pesticide drift, mixing and spraying pesticides, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), knowledge, perceptions, washing hands, taking a shower, wearing contaminated clothes, eating, drinking, smoking, and hot weather are common in both groups of countries. Factors including low socioeconomic status areas, workplace conditions, duration of exposure, pesticide safety training, frequency of applying pesticides, spraying against the wind, and reuse of pesticide containers for storage are specific contributors in developing countries, whereas housing conditions, social contextual factors, and mechanical equipment were specific pathways in developed countries. This paper compares existing research in environmental and behavioural exposure modifying factors and biological monitoring between developing and developed countries. The main objective of this review is to explore the current depth of understanding of exposure pathways and factors increasing the risk of exposure potentially leading to adverse health effects specific to each group of countries.
Layoffs in a Recession and Temporary Employment Subsidies when a Recovery is Expected
Authors: Göcke Matthias
Published: February 2021

Sunk firing and hiring costs shelter existent employment. This effect is typically amplified by uncertainty due to an option value of waiting. Thus, if (i) sunk firing costs are high, for example due to an employment protection legislation or due to the loss of firm-specific human capital, or if (ii) (after a future recovery) recruiting a new qualified staff is difficult and recession-related losses are expected to be only transitory, firms have to consider labour hoarding as a relevant strategy. In this environment a moderate temporary employment subsidy will be sufficient to avoid layoffs by firms currently operating at losses. Depending on the size of sunk (re-)hiring costs, cyclical layoffs or even permanent job destruction can be avoided by short run subsidies during the beginning of a recession.
Time Varying Fiscal Multipliers in Germany
Authors: Berg Tim Oliver
Published: February 2021

This paper provides novel evidence on the time varying impact of government spending shocks on output in Germany over the years 1970 to 2013. In a first step, I use an expectations-augmented vector autoregressive model with time varying parameters (TVP-VAR) to show that fiscal multipliers are not stable over time but exhibit a ushaped pattern. While multipliers fluctuate around 2 at the beginning and end of the sample, they are much smaller in between. In a second step, I discuss which factors determine the magnitude of German multipliers and hence explain the observed variation. It turns out that fiscal policy is more effective when business uncertainty is high but less in periods of financial market stress, while the state of the business cycle is of minor importance. Moreover, I find that fiscal sustainability is a crucial determinant of the multipliers. I conclude that policy recommendations based on average multipliers are misleading.