bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Media Studies in Russia: Defining its Academic Status
Authors: Dunas Denis , Gureeva Anna
Published: March 2020

In the last decades Russian media scholars have attempted to identify a research field that focuses on media: defining it as "theory of journalism" (teoriya zhurnalistiki), "communicativistics" (kommunikativistika) (the russism from "communication science"), "media theory" (mediateoriya), etc. Such a definition as the "theory of mass communications" (teoriya massovoj kommunikacii) has not expanded outside the sociological field. The history of media studies development in Russia demonstrates, how media researchers, focusing on different fields — from journalism and mass media to media communications — have sought to indicate a unique field of knowledge — outside of sociology and even humanitarian knowledge — with its own theoretical and conceptual apparatus and methodological tools. As a result a deeply rooted in Soviet philological tradition and strongly established system of theoretical views was formed under the name of "theory of journalism". However, the "theory of journalism" has not become a leading name in the field, unlike "communicativistics", which studies the humanitarian aspects of the development of media processes in different regions of the world. The communicativistics (together with communication theory, or communicology) occupies a priority place in the academic discourse and creates a large system of knowledge that analyzes and explores the universal laws of communication in the information society. This field of research connects journalism with a huge amount of communication processes and issues. Widely spread determination is "mediology", whose task is "the synthesis of the theory of the media and the theory of journalism. But "mediavistics" as a study of the aggregate of real and virtual communication processes that provides to a public a sociocultural dialogue in the society is not a widely spread title. The theoretical consideration of media communication has become topical recently. Media communication is not tied to either a mass audience or to mass information, as well as to exclusively interpersonal communication, but it is accurately characterized by the availability of a media channel, digital channel, first of all. Nevertheless, the theory of media communications as an independent field of knowledge takes a quite modest place. It is obvious that at present in the Russian academic community there is no consolidated position on the definition of the research area, which studies media. This is a direct evidence of the activity of the four-level fermentation process in the Russian media studies. The research aims to identify the place of media studies in Russian scientific classifiers, in fundamental academic institutions and in the system of basic scientific funds. The authors relate the designation of the field of knowledge by media researchers to the sections of organization classifiers, raise questions about the academic status of media research in comparison to other humanities research areas. This appears to be highly important in the context of scientometric challenges of modern science.
Special Subject of Crime as an Object of Criminological Determination
Authors: Makarov Andrey , Protasevich Aleksandr , Zhukova Aleksandra
Published: March 2020

Currently, many authors pay attention to the criminological description of the object of their research. This approach is absolutely justified. It is better to examine the institutes of criminal law in correlation with the interdisciplinary spheres of knowledge. The article presents an analysis of adjacent but not equal legal categories of the subject of crime and the personality of a criminal. This research is relevant today because crimes committed by persons with characteristics of a special subject in general, and with the use of their official position in particular, have a higher degree of public danger. It is connected with a wide area of official interests of public officers. Their criminal offences destabilize the normal work of governmental bodies. Corruption, abuse of office, general crimes committed for personal gain act as negative social and legal phenomena that widen the range of persons in criminal statistics referring to special subject. A heightened degree of public danger in the actions of public officers is a factor that influences current criminal legislation. An example is the abuse of public office as a circumstance that aggravates criminal liability. The contents of the norms in the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation could be named a legislative reaction of the authorities to the growing level of misuse of office. The current Criminal Code of the Russian Federation mentions the misuse of office with mercenary motives or for personal gain, acting as an aggravating circumstance for the main crime, over 60 times. Taking into account that the contemporary condition and scale of the self-determination of crime according to the characteristic of a special subject are developing interconnected systemic causes and conditions, it is possible to discuss the necessity of criminological prevention of crimes with a special subject — a criminogenic person who has specific functions (as a rule, a representative of authorities).
Vectors of the Criminal Policy of Legal Regulation of Ccircumstances That Exclude the Criminal Character of an Action
Authors: Parkhomenko Svetlana , Milyukov Sergey , Nikulenko Andrey
Published: March 2020

At the current stage of social development, the protection of the interests of a person, society and the state from publically dangerous infringements is reaching a conceptually new level. Russian and foreign legislation, as well as theoretical publications, are paying more and more attention to the possibilities of the lawful infliction of harm under the circumstances that preclude the criminal character of an action. The abovementioned norms have a special place in criminal or other legislation because they contain clauses that allow inflicting harm on public relations protected by criminal law. Criminal legislation, recognized worldwide as penal in its essence (e.g. the Penal Code — «penal» being the synonym of «retributive», «punitive» and «vindictive») still contains a specific chapter devoted to such circumstances and includes norms that define the conditions and grounds for inflicting harm on public relations protected by criminal legislation, and this harm is recognized as lawful and even publically beneficial. These norms should be viewed as a specific legal phenomenon not only in Russian, but also in foreign criminal legislation and other types of legislation. However, the analysis of law enforcement practice does not allow to judge the effectiveness of their use by both law enforcement employees and citizens who protects their lawful rights and interests against publically dangerous infringements or engage in other publically beneficial behavior. In our opinion, the problems of law enforcement are connected with legislative support, and specifically with the area of substantive law. The authors of the article summarize many possibilities of using the norms of Chapter 8 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation that have not been realized yet. They take into account and stress the isolation and independence of these norms, the necessity of their presence and reflection specifically in the criminal legislation. The authors also recommend to change the method of legal regulation of the circumstances that preclude the criminal character of the action and to use it as a basis for introducing significant changes in the contents of the abovementioned norms with the aim of improving the effectiveness of their enforcement in practice.
High Quality Open Spaces in Urban Development — Selected Examples from Graz, Austria
Authors: Виммер Теодор , Турнер Мария-Бернадетт , Дорау Иши , Фриш Хаймо , Ратшулер Оливер
Published: March 2020

Growing urbanization poses an enormous challenge to city planners. Noticeable effects of the increased population density in cities include housing shortages, rising real estate prices, increased traffic, air pollution, shortages of green spaces and attractive public spaces, the rising cost of urban infrastructure and the risk of social tensions. Especially in dense urban areas, public open spaces (squares and streets, urban parks and spacious recreational areas) have become increasing important. Their design, functionality and the adaption to the needs of the residents significantly influences the quality and atmosphere of urban coexistence. The consideration of quality criteria is essential for the creation of sustainable, livable and smart open spaces. Modern approaches to sustainable planning in urban areas and the versatile aspects of state-of-the-art open space design are the core themes of this article. General aspects of landscape planning in Austria and selected best practice projects in the context of urban development are presented.This article gives an overview of open space planning in Austria. To be successful, projects must consider the specific needs of city districts, which requires tailor-made approaches and an interdisciplinary planning team. To be accepted and adequately used by the public, projects must be based on a detailed analyses of the spatial, natural and social conditions.The complex and diverse challenges of open space planning in Austrian cities can be seen as representative for other cities, as certain urban trends occur (in slightly altered dimensions) all over Europe or on an even bigger scale. Selected best practice urban planning projects, which have been realized by freiland Environmental Consulting CE Ltd, based on state-of-the-art principles, demonstrate modern planning approaches to tackling these challenges.
Оценка экологического состояния Москвы-реки в районе Курьяновских очистных сооружений
Authors: Тимофеева Елена Александровна , Караванова Елизавета Ильинична
Published: March 2020

Потребление воды жителями городов на порядок и более больше, чем сельским населением. Объем хозяйственно-бытовых стоков в реки городов за последние годы увеличился в несколько раз. Москва ― крупный мегаполис, обслуживанием его нужд занято несколько очистных сооружений, но основной объем сточных вод поступает в Москву-реку через Курьяновские очистные сооружения (КОС), этим и обусловлен выбор объекта нашего исследования. В статье дана оценка экологического состояния Москвы-реки в районе Курьяновских очистных сооружений по ряду показателей (рН, содержание основных макро- и микроэлементов, содержание фенолов и хлоридов). Сделаны выводы о возможности использования реки в данном районе для культурно-бытовых нужд, поскольку качество воды влияет на состояние здоровья городских жителей. КОС неоднозначно влияют на экологическое состояние Москвы-реки. В результате спуска очищенных сточных вод в реку содержание некоторых соединений снижается, что позволяет обеспечивать качество воды лучше, чем в Москве-реке по данным показателям, и можно говорить о благоприятном влиянии КОС на экологическую обстановку Москвы-реки вблизи от очистных сооружений. Содержание в Москве-реке ряда биогенных элементов и некоторых тяжелых металлов после КОС возрастает, но по ряду показателей наблюдаемые колебания сопоставимы с временным варьированием и не выходят за пределы ПДК для культурно-бытовых водоемов. Экологический мониторинг водных объектов ― необходимая основа для управления качеством воды, поэтому рекомендуется продолжить дальнейшие наблюдения за качеством воды в районе КОС, что позволит своевременно спрогнозировать и выявить возможные негативные процессы изменения экологического состояния региона в целом.Недоочищенные сточные воды являются источниками экологической опасности для жителей городов, поскольку с недоочищенными сточными водами в реки поступает масса загрязняющих веществ. Использование Москвы-реки в рекреационных целях в районе КОС не представляет опасности для здоровья населения города, поскольку значения показателей не выходят за пределы нормативных значений для воды культурно-бытовых водоемов. Использование Москвы-реки в данном районе для рыбохозяйственных целей невозможно без дополнительной очистки до действующего уровня ПДК.
System of Temperature Stabilization in a Heating Furnace Based on Sliding Mode Control and Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Ryabchikov M. Yu. , Ryabchikova E. S. , Kokorin I. D.
Published: March 2020

The paper addresses issues of temperature control in heating furnaces using the example of a strand-type furnace for steel strip annealing of a continuous hot-dip galvanizing unit. The authors demonstrate that one of the main problems is variability of dynamic properties in the controlled object upon flexible production management with changes in the furnace capacity. Using a model of thermal state of the furnace cavity and metal, considering the impact of furnace temperature conditions on heat losses, variation limits of the parameters in a simplified model of object dynamics are determined. Issues of controlling a temperature object with variable dynamic parameters are reviewed. Advantages and disadvantages of systems used to control such objects, based on fuzzy logic and sliding mode control, are studied. It is shown that, in controlling a temperature object, a sliding mode control system can lead to fluctuating transient responses due to the absence of amplitude modulation in the control action when approaching the set-point. The authors suggest a system for automatic stabilization of the controlled parameter of a temperature object where sliding mode control and fuzzy logic are combined. In the stabilization system suggested, the direction of changes in the control action is determined using sliding mode control, while the control action level is determined using fuzzy logic. The paper provides results of simulation experiments comparing the efficiency of control using the system suggested and efficiency of control using the system based only on fuzzy logic. During those experiments, optimal system setting parameters were determined using complete enumeration and computer simulation of control for an object with the set variation of dynamic properties. Computer simulation was performed in the VisSim environment. The paper also shows that, with constant values of signal scaling parameters used in fuzzy logic, the requirement for qualitative transient responses with various set-point change levels results in the significantly reduced response speed in comparison with the system that combines fuzzy logic and sliding mode control. The authors demonstrate that it is possible to adjust quality of transient responses in the system that combines fuzzy logic and sliding mode control, changing dynamic properties of the object.
A Locomotion Mechanism for a Mobile Wall-Climbing Robot with a Hybrid Magnetic-Tape Adhesion Method
Authors: Bykov N. V. , Vlasova N. S. , Gubanov M. Yu. , Lapin D. V.
Published: March 2020

In the present study, a new hybrid passive adhesion method for a mobile wall-climbing robot (WCR) is proposed. This method is based on a combination of magnetic and glue adhesion. For its implementation, a flexible magnetic tape with glue on one side is used to fasten the tape to the working surface. Holding and climbing of the WCR on the magnetic tape, fixed by the robot in the process of movement, occurs with the help of the tracked locomotion mechanism. Permanent magnets are placed in the tracks of the WCR interacting with the tape as the robot climbs along a vertical surface. The concept of the adhesion and locomotion mechanisms, as well as the design of the WCR prototype is developed. Experimental studies of the magnetic properties of the proposed locomotion mechanism have been carried out. They showed its feasibility and efficiency. Also from experimental studies were obtained quantitative characteristics of the interaction of the WCR with tape, used in the construction of its mathematical model. A feature of this WCR concept, working on the magnetic-tape adhesion, is the possibility of moving it without using magnetic tape on ho rizontal surfaces, as well as on vertical ferromagnetic surfaces — only with tracks with permanent magnets. The WCR with a hybrid magnetic-tape adhesion mechanism is designed to move on various surfaces indoor spaces.
Revisiting the Inclusion-Moderation Thesis on Radical Right Populism: Does Party Leadership Matter?
Authors: Bernhard Laurent
Published: March 2020

This article reflects on the inclusion-moderation thesis, which asserts that parties from the radical right become like mainstream parties once they move from the opposition to government. This mainstreaming primarily occurs through the moderation of issue positions and the decline of populism. In this article, I focus on populism and consider the role of party leadership for government parties. I distinguish between traditional and managerial leadership. While traditional leadership employs an adversarial strategy toward mainstream parties, managerial leadership adopts an accommodative strategy. This article looks at three phases: 1) the opposition period; 2) in office under traditional party leadership; 3) in office under managerial party leadership. I expect that, compared to the second phase when the party is in office under traditional party leadership, levels of populism are higher during the opposition period and lower when it is in office under managerial party leadership. The empirical part of this article conducts a quantitative content analysis on the populist communication of the Geneva Citizens’ Movement, a radical right party from Switzerland. The findings tend to support my theoretical argument.
On the Intersection of Leadership and Populism in North America and Europe
Authors: Clercy Cristine De
Published: March 2020

This editorial introduces the thematic issue and considers what the articles tell us about new approaches to studying political leadership and populism. The editorial surveys the set of eleven articles by referring to their geographic concentration (North America and Europe), along with methodological and thematic similarities. In conclusion, the set of articles displays the diverse theoretical and methodological approaches currently employed in cutting-edge research on populism and political leadership.
Using through-transmission mid-wave infrared vision and air-coupled ultrasound for artwork inspection: a case study on mock-ups of Portrait of the Painter's Mother
Authors: Zhang Hai , Sfarra S , Osman A , Ibarra-Castanedo C , Maldague X P V
Published: March 2020

The conservation of artworks is playing an increasingly important role in society today. Non-destructive investigation can provide the potential to identify deterioration as early as possible. In this research, transmission mid-wave infrared (MWIR) vision and air-coupled ultrasound
(ACU) were used to investigate two paintings on canvas made from different textile support materials. An X-ray technique was used in the work for validation. It was found that the transmission mode can probe deeper and the differences in absorption due to the different textile support materials
can be distinguished. This paper summarises advantages of the transmission inspection mode and compares and analyses images from the two techniques from a physical point of view.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of post-natal exercises among post-natal women from a tertiary care centre, South India
Authors: Sundaramurthy Raja , Kathiresan Sasikala , Venkateshvaran Sriandaal , Kannan Surya
Published: March 2020

Background: Stressful puerperal period and its complications can be prevented by adequate care, proper diet and exercises. Though studies have indicated post-natal exercises (PNE) is helpful in reducing the effect of perineal muscle weakness, many women are unaware of its full benefits. This study is planned to know the knowledge, attitude and practice of PNE in post-natal mothers.Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in department of obstetrics and gynecology for 3 months (November 2019 to January 2020). 160 post-natal women were enrolled with convenient sampling. Structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and obstetric details, source of information, knowledge, attitude and practice of PNE.Results: A total 58.8% of this study participants revealed health care professions were the commonest source of information. More than half of them had adequate knowledge but still many were not aware of full benefits of PNE as only 3-5% aware of other benefits like prevention of urinary incontinence. 98.8% of the women’s felt PNE is essential and 62.5% felt household work hinder them doing. 92.5% said they will emphasize the importance of PNE to others. No significant correlation found between socio-demographic characters and knowledge, attitude and practice of PNE.Conclusions: Though most of the study population had adequate knowledge and positive attitude, household activities were the commonest barrier in doing PNE. Educating and creating awareness among family members is essential to improve the adherence. Continuing influence by health care workers during antenatal and postnatal period will be the key for improving adherence.
Role of diagnostic laparoscopy in chronic abdominal pain
Authors: Dnyanmote Anuradha , Srivastava Neha , Gope Debabrata
Published: March 2020

Background: Chronic idiopathic pain syndromes are amongst the most challenging and demanding conditions to treat across the whole age spectrum. Despite these patients having undergone numerous diagnostic work-ups, their pain remains a challenge to all known diagnostic and treatment methods.Methods: To evaluate role of diagnostic laparoscopy in chronic abdominal pain a prospective observational study was done. The present study was conducted on patients with undiagnosed chronic abdominal pain coming to the Department of Surgery, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune. 75 patients with chronic abdominal pain who attend the General Surgery Department (OPD) were included in the study. Patients were included in the study after taking their voluntary informed consent. The categorical variables were assessed using Pearson chi-square. The quantitative variables were assessed using T-test. The test was considered significant only if the p value comes out to be less than 0.05.Results: Based on the findings of the study after performing diagnostic laparoscopy for 75 patients with chronic abdominal pain it was found that most common finding was of appendicitis (32%) followed by abdominal Koch’s (24%) and post-operative pain relief using VAS showed p value of less than 0.05 at 3 months of follow up post diagnostic laparoscopy.Conclusions: The present study concluded that laparoscopy is an effective diagnostic role in evaluating patients with chronic abdominal pain, in whom conventional methods of investigations have failed to elicit a certain cause. The advantage of diagnostic laparoscopy over non-invasive methods is the ability to perform therapeutic procedure at the same time in cases of chronic abdominal pain. Diagnostic laparoscopy is safe, cosmetically better and having less morbidity.
Perceptions and practices related to menstruation amongst tribal adolescent girls in rural field practice area of tertiary health care institute in Mumbai
Authors: Meshram Pravin Dilipkumar , Ratta Amandeep Kaur , Kumar Vinod
Published: March 2020

Background: Adolescence is the crucial phase in the woman’s life has on the woman’s health and later on reproductive and maternal life. Around 20% of the global health burden among women is attributed to reproductive and sexual ill health, lack of menstrual hygiene is one of the factors among the adolescent. They lack awareness about menstruation when they first experience it, especially in rural and tribal areas. This study aimed to provide an insight into the most sensitive issue of menstruation among the tribal community which would help in promoting improved awareness level and increase in right knowledge about menstruation.Methods: A cross sectional study. Total of 114 adolescent girls (11-18 years), have attained the menarche were included. Universal sampling method is used. Data was collected regarding their perceptions and practices related to menstrual hygiene.Results: The mean age of the subjects and of menarche were 15.48±1.75, 13.09±1.04 years respectively. About 27.20% had no clue about the menstrual cycle. Majority of them asked their mothers about the problems followed by close friends. About 37.72% used sanitary napkins. Not to attend religious occasion (54.39%) was common restriction.Conclusions: In the present study, it is reflected that mothers of the adolescent girls were a crucial and important role in giving information about menstrual hygiene. More awareness related to hygiene and practice and education related to social issues related to menstrual hygiene has to be addressed. Focussed programmes related to tribal adolescent health have to be implemented.
Aproximación a una teoría de los derechos humanos del consumidor en el mercado global y su tratamiento en el derecho constitucional peruano
Authors: Durand Carrión Julio Baltazar
Published: March 2020

Existe en la doctrina un debate con relación al carácter constitucional de los derechos del consumidor. Al respecto se han esgrimido una serie de argumentos que tratan de explicar su esencia, partiendo del derecho administrativo, del derecho civil, del derecho ordenador del mercado, de la teoría de los intereses difusos, entre otros. En este artículo se desplegará un desarrollo conceptual, sistémico y coherente con el fin de entender cuáles son los fundamentos iusfilosóficos que permitirían estudiar la naturaleza del derecho del consumidor, su esencia y el porqué de su tratamiento constitucional.

No se ha establecido, con la misma prolijidad con que se ha hecho para los derechos humanos de primera generación, un conjunto de garantías para los derechos sociales de manera suficiente, precisa y coherente, que les otorgue eficacia.
Técnicas neurocientíficas como medio de prueba pericial
Authors: Luna Salas Fernando
Published: March 2020

El presente trabajo jurídico-reflexivo, cuyo abordaje se hace desde la perspectiva cualitativa con una revisión bibliográfica-documental, tiene como objetivo revisar la eventual utilización probatoria de ciertas técnicas neurocientíficas dentro de los procesos judiciales, así como la forma de valoración judicial de este medio probatorio.
Sobre el uso de la cesión de créditos en la titularización y sus implicaciones
Authors: Camacho López María Elisa
Published: March 2020

La ductilidad de la cesión de créditos es una de sus características principales, tal como lo hemos evidenciado nuevamente por medio del presente trabajo, en el que hemos confirmado la necesaria intervención de la misma en la primera etapa de algunas clases de titularización. No obstante, su presencia resulta casi inadvertida en la regulación general de la titularización en Colombia, con excepción de algunas normas especiales dedicadas a la titularización de carteras hipotecarias y de libranzas, lo que suscita muchas inquietudes, en especial relacionadas con la forma en que debe llevarse a cabo esa cesión de créditos. Por esa razón hemos querido abordar en este trabajo algunos de los aspectos más importantes sobre el desarrollo de la cesión de créditos en las operaciones de titularización.
El principio de la autonomía de la voluntad contractual vs el control jurisdiccional constitucional en los laudos arbitrales
Authors: Fuentes Mancipe Mónica María , Hernández Rodríguez Iván Darío
Published: March 2020

Con el pasar del tiempo en el derecho civil, comercial e internacional se ha puesto en tela de juicio el verdadero valor de los laudos arbitrales y el reconocimiento del derecho arbitral como justicia privada, gracias a la procedencia de la acción de tutela contra tales decisiones. Razón por la cual, el interés de escribir este artículo tiene como propósito el cuestionar la acción de tutela como un límite al principio de la autonomía de la voluntad privada de las partes cuando de elegir el arbitraje para dirimir controversias se trata. En ese proceder y pese al reconocimiento estatal del arbitraje, como un mecanismo alternativo para la resolución de conflictos, según lo previsto en la Constitución Política de Colombia, el desarrollo legislativo y los tratados internacionales sobre la materia en particular, es de resaltar que el control constitucional generado por las altas cortes a los laudos arbitrales, específicamente el realizado por la Corte Constitucional en Colombia mediante la acción de tutela, se ha convertido en un tema de gran discusión entre los estudiosos del derecho y los abogados practicantes del derecho arbitral. Con la procedencia de dicha acción se ha puesto en tela de juicio la validez, eficacia, celeridad, confidencialidad, economía e idoneidad de los laudos arbitrales, pues al parecer, la Corte Constitucional se ha venido pronunciando sobre aspectos materiales y no procesales es sus decisiones, que afectan la fuerza ejecutoria del laudo arbitral y a su vez generan inseguridad jurídica para quienes acuden a él.
La usanza del título valor “cheque” por parte de la administración pública según la legislación mercantil vigente
Authors: Arrieta Blanquicett María Cristina
Published: March 2020

El presente estudio, analiza la problemática derivada de la tensión entre las normas mercantiles y la prolija regulación inherente a la protección del patrimonio público, surgidas por el giro de cheques de la administración
La usura en los intereses pactados en un título de crédito en México
Authors: Arcudia Hernández Carlos Ernesto , Torres Espinosa Blanca
Published: March 2020

El pagaré es un título de crédito que por sus características tiene una efectividad muy amplia. Este instrumento prevé la posibilidad de pactar intereses, o bien, ajustarse al tipo legal. Por ende, puede darse el caso de que se pacten intereses usurarios. Producto de las reformas constitucionales en materia de derechos humanos en 2011 se comenzó a aplicar el control de convencionalidad y uno de los primeros casos en ser tratados fue el de la inconvencionalidad de los intereses usurarios. La Primera Sala de la Suprema Corte de Justicia comenzó a resolver controversias sobre la interpretación del artículo 21.3 del Pacto de San José, que –en principio– consideraban inconvencional el pacto de intereses usurarios. Pero conforme se han ido produciendo los diferentes criterios jurisprudenciales ha ido ajustando el proceder de los juzgadores en caso de advertir usura. La evolución fue de un criterio subjetivo a uno objetivo relativo.
Environmental Justice in the Context of Urban Green Space Availability
Authors: Koprowska Karolina
Published: March 2020

Environmental justice is a term that includes both exposure to environmental ‘bads’ as well as access to environmental ‘goods’ which might be unequally experienced by different socio‑economic groups. In other words, environmental justice scholars study whether everybody can have an equal right to a healthy, nurturing environment which supports their development and well‑being. The environmental justice movement arose in response to the so‑called ‘environmental racism’ in the USA which affected communities of blue‑collar workers, people with lower income and of Afro‑American, Asian, Latin or native origins. Although initially environmental (in)justice was rooted in racial discrimination in the USA, nowadays it encompasses a wider range of issues, including problems at the local and global level, from degradation and pollution of natural resources to aspects related to spatial planning. Unequal access to environmental amenities – such as green spaces – was not the main focus of the discourse, however, it is gaining attention nowadays, especially in the context of urban environment. Urban green spaces influence health and well‑being of urban residents, but access to them can be uneven in terms of socio‑spatial heterogeneity. Growing challenges of living in cities, related to, among others, climate change, densification or sprawling of developments, urban heat islands, and other nuisances, require sustainable management of green spaces and provision of equal (socially just) access to benefits provided by these areas. Moreover, another important aspect of the discussion is linked to potentially beneficial planning decisions (e.g. increasing availability of urban green spaces) and their long‑term consequences, which may eventually lead to gentrification and increased social inequalities (environmental injustice). Complexity of the problem related to availability of green spaces in cities needs an interdisciplinary approach which combines ecological, spatial and socio‑economic aspects. The article reviews the current state‑of‑the‑art literature in the field of environmental justice, with particular emphasis on green space availability in the context of urban environment.
CLINIC, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL NEVUS COMEDONICUS
Authors: Khelminskaya Natalya M. , Goncharova A. V , Kravets V. I , Gureshidze M. A
Published: March 2020

The article discusses the diagnosis, clinical course, treatment options and a clinical example of a rare disease of camedon nevus.
CONDUCTING COMPARATIVE CLINICAL-PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION PHARMACOTHERAPY PREPARATIONS OF BOTULINUM TOXIN A IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY SYNDROME WITH MARKED SPASTICITY
Authors: Solovieva Anna Petrovna , Arkhipov Vladimir Vladimirovich , Goryachev Dmitry Vladimirovich
Published: March 2020

The original methodology for retrospective clinical studies on the criteria of “efficiency/safety” and pharmacoeconomics on the criteria of “cost/effectiveness”is proposed. The results of a retrospective study of medical records in 169 patients with cerebral palsy, which showed that the use of drugs botulinum toxin type A is an important integral component in the long-term treatment of children with spastic forms of cerebral palsy. Presents the results of pharmacoeconomic analysis of the treatment of the syndrome of spasticity in cerebral palsy when used in the complex treatment of Dysport, Botox and Xeomin.
La entrada e intervención de terceros en el arbitraje comercial internacional = Joinder and intervention of additional parties in international commercial arbitration
Authors: Sánchez Pos María Victoria
Published: March 2020

Resumen: En el marco del arbitraje multiparte, la entrada e intervención de terceros es definida como la incorporación de partes adicionales a un arbitraje ya iniciado. Este mecanismo procesal presenta, sin embargo, multitud de dificultades que derivan de la naturaleza eminentemente consensual de la institución arbitral. Así, entre otras, la constancia de la voluntad -expresa o tácita- de todas las partes involucradas en el arbitraje a la entrada del tercero o la salvaguarda de su derecho esencial de participar de manera directa y equitativa en la constitución del tribunal arbitral y de las garantías de privacidad y confidencialidad del arbitraje. Partiendo de estas someras premisas, este trabajo tiene como objetivo el análisis crítico de las disposiciones específicas sobre la admisibilidad y presupuestos de la entrada e intervención de nuevas partes en el arbitraje que las instituciones arbitrales internacionales de mayor relevancia han regulado en los últimos años.Palabras clave: Entrada, intervención, terceros, partes adicionales, arbitraje multiparte, tribunal arbitral.Abstract: One of the major challenges that international arbitration has faced in the last decades is the regulation of multiparty arbitrations, which involve a confrontation between more than two parties with opposing interests. In this context, joinder and intervention deals with the need, in terms of justice and efficiency, to bring an additional party into the proceedings when the arbitration may already be in progress. However, the main characteristic of arbitration is its consensual nature. For this reason, mechanisms for joinder or intervention present considerable difficulties related to the principle of party autonomy, the right to equally participate in the nomination of the arbitrators and the protection of privacy and confidentiality in arbitration proceedings. Apart from dealing with these difficulties, the author discusses in this article the latest joinder provisions contained in leading arbitral rules.Keywords: Joinder, Intervention, Third parties, Additional parties, Multiparty Arbitration, Arbitral Tribunal
The implementation at the national level o the bank account information mechanism under the EAPO Regulation: a comparative analysis = La implementación del mecanismo de información sobre las cuentas bancarias de la orden europea de retención de cuentas: un análisis comparado
Authors: Santaló Goris Carlos
Published: March 2020

Abstract: One the most praised aspects of the Regulation n° 655/2015 establishing a European Account Preservation Order is its mechanism to gather information about debtor’s bank accounts (Article 14). Situations in which creditors ignore the debtors’ banking details are not unusual. Through Article 14 tool creditors who have already obtained a title (enforceable or not) are entitled to request that information. However, the EAPO Regulation only lays down the skeleton and the main features of this instrument, conferring Member States a wide margin of manoeuvre to decide how to accommodate it in their respective domestic legal systems. Member States are allowed to select the authorities in charge of collecting the information and they can decide on how the information is gathered. This freedom is a source of divergence. The objective of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis on the information mechanism.Keywords: debtors, creditor, assets’ transparency, pecuniary claims, EAPO Regulation, bank accounts, European Civil Procedural Law .Resumen: Uno de los aspectos más alabados del reglamento n ° 655/2014 por el que se establece el procedimiento relativo a la orden europea de retención de cuentas, es su mecanismo para obtener información sobre las cuentas bancarias del deudor (artículo 14). No es inusual que los acreedores ignoren dicha información. A través de este nuevo mecanismo, aquellos acreedores que ya disponen de un título, pueden solicitar búsqueda de la información sobre las cuentas bancarias del deudor. Sin embargo, el reglamento únicamente establece las líneas generales del mecanismo, dejando a los estados miembros un amplio margen de maniobra para implementarlo en sus respectivos ordenamientos jurídicos. Cada estado puede elegir no solo las autoridades encargadas de realizar la búsqueda de información, también los medios a través de los que se obtiene la información. Esta libertad de la que disponen los estados miembros se ha convertido una fuente de divergencias a la hora de implementar el reglamento. El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer un análisis comparado sobre el mecanismo de información.Palabras clave: deudores, creditors, transparencia patrimonial, crédito pecuniario, Reglamento OERC, cuentas bancarias, Derecho Procesal Civil Europeo.
El concepto de contrato de trabajo en el marco del Convenio de Lugano. Comentario a la Sentencia del TJUE de 11 de abril de 2019, asunto C-603/17, Bosworth y Hurley = The concept of employment contract in the Lugano Convention. Commentary of the Judgement ot the CJEU Avril 11, 2019, case C-603/17, Bosworth and Hurley
Authors: Vaquero López Carmen
Published: March 2020

Resumen: El TJUE se pronuncia, por primera vez, sobre el alcance de los foros de competencia judicial internacional en materia de contrato individual de trabajo del Convenio Lugano II. El paralelis­mo de este Convenio con el Reglamento Bruselas I se reproduce en esta decisión del Alto Tribunal, que sigue su jurisprudencia sobre la calificación del contrato de trabajo en el marco de las disposiciones del Reglamento europeo. Esta simetría no se ha mantenido tras la promulgación del Reglamento Bruselas I bis, por lo que la reciente decisión de los jueces de Luxemburgo pone sobre el papel la necesidad de una revisión del texto convencional.Palabras clave: Convenio Lugano II, competencia judicial internacional, contrato de trabajo, ac­ción procesal.Abstract: The CJEU pronounces, for the first time, on the scope of the international jurisdiction regarding the individual employment contract of the Lugano II Convention. The parallelism of this Con­vention with the Brussels I Regulation is reproduced in this decision of the High Court, which follows its jurisprudence on the qualification of the employment contract within the framework of the provisions of the European Regulation. This symmetry has not been maintained after the promulgation of the Brussels I bis Regulation, so the recent decision of the Luxembourg judges puts on paper the need for a revision of the treaty text.Keywords: Lugano II Convention, international jurisdiction, employment contract, legal action.
A Hybrid Approach for the Prediction of Relative Permeability Using Machine Learning of Experimental and Numerical Proxy SCAL Data
Authors: Zhao Bochao , Ratnakar Ram , Dindoruk Birol , Mohanty Kishore
Published: March 2020

Accurate estimation of relative permeability is one of the key parameters for decision making in upstream applications from project appraisal to field development and evaluation of various field development options. In this study, we identify Euler number (Arns et al. 2001) (a quantitative measure of fluid connectivity/distribution) and saturation as being the first-order predictors of relative permeability and develop a reliable correlation between them using machine learning of experimental special core analysis (SCAL) data and pore network simulation results.

In order to achieve our objective, first, we developed a machine-learning model based on the random forest algorithm (Breiman 2001) to analyze specific SCAL data that indicates a key missing feature in the traditional saturation-based relative permeability prediction. We identified this missing feature and proposed the Euler characteristic as a potential first-order predictor of relative permeability in combination with in-situ fluid saturations. We generated “artificial” relative permeability data using pore network simulation (Valvatne and Blunt 2004) by systematically varying a set of key parameters such as pore geometry, wettability, and saturation history. Subsequently, we used machine learning to rank the importance of each parameter and identify possible correlative responses to those selected variables.

At a fixed saturation (zero-dimensional volumetric abundance) and Euler number coordinates, the relative permeability is very consistent and varies insignificantly across different cases, suggesting these two parameters as first-order predictors. Euler number characterizes the fluid connectivity/distribution, while saturation represents the net volumetric fluid quantity. We believe that Euler number could be the missing first-order predictor in traditional saturation-based predictive relative permeability models, especially for connected pathway dominated flow regime. Finally, we identified the quantitative relationship between relative permeability and Euler characteristic, and present a reliable correlation to determine the relative permeability on the basis of Euler number and saturation.
New Insights into Carbonate Matrix Acidizing Treatments: A Mathematical and Experimental Study
Authors: Ali Mahmoud T. , Nasr-El-Din Hisham A.
Published: March 2020

The design process of carbonate matrix acidizing treatments requires coring and conducting linear, radial coreflood experiments. With the current environment revolving around cutting costs, it has become increasingly important to accurately design cost-effective acidizing treatments. This work aims to introduce a novel approach to predicting the performance of acid treatments in the field using log data only. A radial reactive flow simulator, using porosity distributed from logs, is used to provide accurate predictions without the need for experiments.

Coreflood acidizing experiments at 150 and 200°F with two acid concentrations were studied. A reactive flow simulator was built using porosity distribution derived from computed-tomography (CT) scans and tuned to match experimental data. A new radial simulation model of 3.25-ft radius was used to study acid propagation under field conditions. For accurate predictions, porosity was distributed using values derived from cores’ CT scans. Simulation results were compared with traditional 1D models. Different porosity distributions, including gamma distributions, were used in the radial model.

The reactive flow simulator was able to accurately capture wormhole propagation inside the linear core. A greater than 90% match between the experimental and the simulated acid pore volume (PV) to breakthrough (PVBT) was obtained using two acid concentrations’ different temperatures. The simulation results from the radial field-scale model show that the optimal velocity can be higher or lower than those predicted from laboratory experiments. Accordingly, caution must be taken when linear coreflood data are used to predict acid propagation in the field. The simulations showed that traditional upscaling models overpredict acid volumes; the predicted volumes are double at moderate to high injection rates. Models using statistically distributed porosity can provide accurate acid-propagation predictions, with a relative percentage error of less than 25% at extremely high injection rates.

This work introduces an accurate model using porosity directly from logs to predict acid performance while avoiding expensive designs. The simulation results reveal that traditional designs overpredict acid volumes required for field treatments. The statistically distributed porosity can be used as a substitute for CT-scan-derived porosity with a low effect on model predictability. The reactive flow simulator can accurately match experimental data.
Racial Disparities of Black Americans Hospitalized for Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Spiewak Ted , Taefi Amir , Patel Shruti , Li Chin-Shang , Chak Eric
Published: March 2020

Background & Aims: Racial disparities have been reported in liver transplantation and chronic hepatitis C treatment outcomes. Determining causes of these disparities is important given the racially diverse American population and the economic burden associated with chronic liver disease. Methods: A retrospective study was performed among 463 patients diagnosed with cirrhosis admitted from (January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2018) to a tertiary care academic medical center. Patients were identified based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) for cirrhosis or its complications. Demographic information, laboratory data, medical comorbidities, insurance and adherence to cirrhosis quality care indicators were recorded to determine their relationship to readmission rates and other healthcare outcomes. Results: A total of 463 individual patients with cirrhosis were identified including Whites (n=241), Hispanics (n=106), Blacks (n=50), Asian and Pacific Islander Americans (API, n=27) and Other (n=39). A significantly higher proportion of Blacks had Medicaid insurance compared to Whites (40% versus 20%, p=0.0002) and Blacks had lower median income than Whites ($45,710 versus $54,844, p=0.01). All groups received high quality cirrhosis care. Regarding healthcare outcomes, Black patients had the highest mean total hospital admissions (6.1±6.3, p=0.01) and the highest mean number of 30-day re-admissions (2.1±3.7, p=0.05) compared to all other racial groups. Multivariable proportional odds regression analysis showed that race was a statistically significant predictor of 90-day readmission (p=0.03). Conclusions: Black Americans hospitalized for complications of cirrhosis may experience significant disparities in healthcare outcomes compared to whites despite high quality cirrhosis care. Socioeconomic factors may contribute to these disparities.