bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Confusões de escala e espelhamentos em Instantâneo da desmedida, de Vilma Arêas
Authors: Alonso Mariângela
Published: April 2021

Resumo Este artigo busca analisar o espelhamento presente em Instantâneo da desmedida, penúltimo texto de Um beijo por mês (2018), de Vilma Arêas. Ao criar uma personagem que, em visita a uma galeria de arte, depara-se com fotografias de diferentes escalas, a autora possibilita um jogo abismal capaz de gerar reflexões em torno da própria arte literária, uma vez que o arranjo dos objetos articula ocorrências que perturbam a espectadora, confundindo-a quanto à real escala das cenas e espaços, tais como os “instantâneos” do volume de Arêas. Com base nessas considerações, salientamos a mise en abyme como uma das bases de produção da escrita de Vilma Arêas. Para tanto, lança-se aqui a proposta de uma análise possível ao texto mencionado a partir das formulações de Lucien Dallenbach (1979; 1977; 1972), entre outros teóricos. Ademais, as reflexões de André Malraux (2006; 1996) acerca do museu imaginário auxiliarão na discussão.
Bichos de pensamento: a lírica meditativa de Renato Suttana
Authors: Robson Ronald Silva
Published: April 2021

Resumo Ainda publicada apenas por editoras de pequeno porte, a poesia de Renato Suttana destaca-se pelo alto grau de elaboração formal e audácia reflexiva. Um dos principais veios de sua produção está em seus bestiários. Os bichos que comparecem em seus livros são delineados - segundo defendemos - a partir de uma visada fenomenológica, que os retira do transcurso temporal para melhor apreendê-los. O procedimento se torna ainda mais complexo com a fixação de bichos inteiramente imaginários: nesse caso, o questionamento sobre a possibilidade de representação do animal se torna um questionamento sobre a própria finalidade da poesia.
Livros do Mal: da publicação virtual à autolegitimação editorial
Authors: Medeiros Rosângela Fachel de
Published: April 2021

Resumo Neste trabalho buscamos analisar a configuração e a atuação da editora independente Livros do Mal (de 2001 a 2004), no âmbito do Sistema Literário Brasileiro (Even-Zohar, 2003a) Contemporâneo. Para isso, retomamos o contexto de criação da editora influenciado pela experiência emergente da publicação online compartilhada por seus editores/escritores e pelo sucesso do e-zine CardosOnline. E realizamos uma breve revisão dos nove títulos publicados pela editora, enfatizando repertórios recorrentes e tentando esboçar um perfil editorial. Em seguida, atentamos para o encerramento do projeto editorial, decorrente do impasse entre as funções de escritor e de editor, sintetizando alguns dos legados da editora.
Nova descida ao inferno: Patrícia Melo e as mulheres que matam
Authors: Magri Ieda
Published: April 2021

Resumo O presente artigo faz uma leitura de Mulheres empilhadas, de Patrícia Melo, a partir de sua relação com O Guesa, de Sousândrade, como estruturante dos vários planos do romance, em especial naquele que toma a floresta como inferno e cura. A partir desse eixo que vai da urbanidade à floresta no contexto dos povos indígenas no Brasil atual, especula-se sobre o Acre figurar como cenário de um novo exotismo na literatura brasileira dos últimos anos. Por fim, aborda-se o gênero policial a partir de um artigo de Josefina Ludmer, “Mujeres que matam”, e um olhar para o feminicídio na América Latina.
Protocolo de Rastreio do Risco de Disfonia para Atores de Teatro Musical: resultados preliminares
Authors: Paulino Lucas Cainan , Simões-Zenari Marcia , Nemr Katia
Published: April 2021

RESUMO Objetivo Propor o Protocolo de Rastreio do Risco de Disfonia para Atores do Teatro Musical (PRRD-TM), verificar sua aplicabilidade em associação ao Protocolo de Rastreio do Risco de Disfonia Geral (PRRD-G), correlacionar escores finais de ambos, e desses com o escore total, e comparar o risco de disfonia entre atores com e sem queixa vocal. Método Estudo transversal observacional com 34 atores de teatro musical adultos, ambos os sexos, com e sem queixa vocal, profissionais ou estudantes. Os questionários foram aplicados individualmente. A análise estatística possibilitou verificar a correlação entre os escores de risco de disfonia e para comparação entre os grupos com e sem queixa vocal. Resultados A maioria dos participantes era do gênero masculino, jovens adultos, atores profissionais e sem queixa vocal. Observou-se elevado risco de disfonia, evidenciado pela aplicação do PRRD-G, com escores médios compatíveis com valores encontrados em indivíduos com disfonia, e reforçado pelos índices encontrados com aplicação do PRRD-TM. Observou-se correlação moderada e diretamente proporcional entre os escores dos dois questionários e desses com o escore total. Escores mais elevados do PRRD-G foram encontrados no grupo que apresentou queixa vocal. Conclusão O PRRD-TM mostrou-se viável e de fácil aplicabilidade e apresentou correlação positiva com o escore do PRRD-G e com o escore total. Elevado risco de disfonia foi evidenciado em indivíduos com queixa vocal. Apesar do escore específico do PRRD-TM não diferenciar atores de teatro musical com e sem queixa vocal, tanto o escore do PRRD-G quanto o escore total realizaram tal diferenciação.
Evolução da oferta de Fonoaudiólogos no SUS: um estudo sobre a correlação com os indicadores sociais no Brasil na última década
Authors: Silva Raul Philipe Marcos , Nascimento Cynthia Maria Barboza do , Miranda Gabriella Morais Duarte , Silva Vanessa Lima da , Lima Maria Luiza Lopes Timóteo de , Vilela Mirella Bezerra Rodrigues
Published: April 2021

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar a correlação entre a oferta de Fonoaudiólogos no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e os indicadores sociais no Brasil, entre 2007 e 2016. Método Estudo ecológico, cujas unidades de análise foram as 27 Unidades Federativas (UFs) do país. Foram calculados os indicadores da oferta de Fonoaudiólogos no SUS e a evolução relativa desta oferta no período, bem como o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) e o Índice de Gini, ambos referentes ao ano de 2010. A correlação foi investigada utilizando o teste de Spearman, com α=5%. Resultados Em 2007, a oferta de Fonoaudiólogos no SUS foi de 3,55/105 habitantes, com o menor indicador no Amazonas e o maior no Mato Grosso do Sul. Em 2016, este indicador quase dobrou no país, com permanência do menor valor no Amazonas e o maior no Piauí. Ocorreu uma importante evolução relativa da oferta de Fonoaudiólogos no Brasil, neste período, com significativas variações entre as UFs. Houve correlação negativa entre a evolução relativa na última década e o IDH, e positiva com o Índice de Gini. Conclusão A evolução da oferta de Fonoaudiólogos no SUS foi maior nas unidades federativas com menor desenvolvimento humano e maior concentração de renda. Não obstante, os resultados referentes a 2016 mostraram a manutenção do status quo, com a maior oferta naquelas unidades federativas com maior desenvolvimento humano.
Desempenho perceptivo-auditivo em crianças com e sem transtorno fonológico na classe das oclusivas
Authors: Assis Mayara Ferreira de , Cremasco Elissa Barbi Mouro Pagliari , Silva Lídia Maurício da , Berti Larissa Cristina
Published: April 2021

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar o desempenho perceptivo-auditivo de crianças com e sem transtorno fonológico (TF) na tarefa de identificação dos contrastes entre os fonemas oclusivos. Método Foram selecionadas, de um banco de dados, informações referentes ao desempenho perceptivo-auditivo de 46 crianças (23 com diagnóstico de TF com acometimento nas oclusivas (G1) e 23 com desenvolvimento típico de fala (G2)), entre quatro e oito anos de idade, em uma tarefa de identificação na classe das consoantes oclusivas do Português Brasileiro, a partir do instrumento de avaliação de percepção de fala (PERCEFAL). O tempo de reação, os números de erros e acertos, bem como o padrão de erro perceptual foram considerados na análise. Resultados Com relação à acurácia perceptivo-auditiva o Test-T mostrou uma diferença estatisticamente significante, em que as crianças típicas tiveram uma média de acerto maior do que as crianças com TF e um tempo de reação menor para os acertos. No tocante ao padrão de erro a ANOVA de medidas repetidas mostrou um efeito significativo para o grupo e padrão de erro, mas não para a interação entre grupo e padrão de erro. O teste Post Hoc de Tukey mostrou para ambos os grupos que os erros envolvendo ponto articulatório foram superiores aos erros de vozeamento e vozeamento + ponto articulatório. Conclusão crianças com transtorno fonológico apresentam pior acurácia em relação às crianças sem alteração e, ainda, um maior tempo de resposta para os acertos. Erros envolvendo o ponto de articulação entre as oclusivas foram os mais frequentes em ambos os grupos.
O PÓS-ESTRUTURALISMO SISTÊMICO DE NIKLAS LUHMANN
Authors: Rodrigues Léo Peixoto , Costa Everton Garcia da
Published: April 2021

O artigo apresenta a teoria sistêmica de Niklas Luhmann, discutindo seus principais conceitos, criticamente, e destacando-lhes características pós-estruturalistas comuns a boa parte da teoria sociológica contemporânea. O argumento de fundo – e o que de fato se busca demonstrar – é que os mesmos fatores teórico-filosóficos que geraram a crise da metafísica, do humanismo como pilar da teoria sociológica clássica, e a crise do determinismo científico influenciaram a teoria sistêmica de Luhmann, sobretudo a partir de sua “virada autopoiética”, na década de 1980. Para tanto, exploram-se conceitos tais como: descentramento, desconstrução, desfundamentação, complexidade, sistema-entorno, comunicação, relacionalidade, dentre outros que também estão presentes no que se está chamando de teoria sistêmica pós-estruturalista de Niklas Luhmann.
Effect of filler nature on mechanical performance and drying shrinkage of self-leveling mortars
Authors: Scolaro Taylana Piccinini , Rocha Janaíde Cavalcante
Published: April 2021

abstract: Self-leveling mortars (SLM) have a high filler content in their composition to achieve fluidity, without component separation. These mortars are mainly used in floor systems and have a large area exposed to the external environment, which facilitates water loss and increases the risk of cracking due to drying shrinkage. This study, in order to verify the influence of filler on the production of SLMs, used for comparative effect, quartz filler (QF) and crushed basalt filler (BF), in addition to limestone filler (LF), in contents of 5%, 10% and 20% of the mass of total solid. For that purpose, the tests of spreading in the fresh state and flexural strength, compressive strength, dynamic modulus of elasticity, drying shrinkage and desorption isotherm in the hardened state were carried out. SLMs microstructure was evaluated through isothermal calorimetry. The results show that the use of LF provides higher compressive strengths (up to 18% and 14% higher than QF and BF, respectively, in the first ages, and up to 13% and 22% higher than QF and BF, respectively, at 28 days), probably due to the better physical effect of this filler. In formulations with 20% of filler, LF and QF SLMs showed lower shrinkage when compared to BF SLMs (shrinkage 44% higher than LF mixture and 64% higher than QF mixture). It is concluded that the ideal content of filler to be used in SLMs must be between 10% and 20% of the mass of total solid and varies according to the filler.
Velocity distribution characteristics of counter-current jets
Authors: Wang Lei , Diao Ming-jun
Published: April 2021

A counter-current jet (CCJ) is significantly different from a classical jump – it is like a classical jump with a reverse surface jet layer above it. A series of experiments, with the jet's Froude number in the range 4–10, was conducted to investigate the velocity distribution characteristics of CCJs. It was found, compared with a classical jump, the CCJ velocity distribution was more even and the decay of the maximum velocity was more efficient. It was beneficial to the energy dissipation and the deceleration of a high-speed flow. The variations of velocity with depth were opposite in the upper and lower parts of the zero-velocity line, resulting in relatively large fluid internal friction near the zero-velocity line. The internal friction between the surface jet layer and the lower fluid also increased the energy dissipation rate. A counter-current energy dissipator was found to achieve a good energy dissipation effect without auxiliary energy dissipators, which could be beneficial to engineering applications.
Nail-Patella Syndrome
Authors: KNOERS NINE V.A.M. , BONGERS ERNIE M.H.F. , BEERSUM SYLVIA E.C. VAN , LOMMEN ED J.P. , BOKHOVEN HANS VAN , HOL FRANS A.
Published: April 2021

Nail-patella syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by dyplasia of finger nails, skeletal anomalies, and, frequently, renal disease. It has recently been shown that this disorder is caused by putative loss-of-function mutations in a transcription factor (LMX1B) belonging to the LIM-homeodomain family, members of which are known to be important for pattern formation during development. A cohort of eight Dutch NPS families were screened for mutations in the LMX1B gene; seven different mutations, including one novel variant, were identified. Three of the mutations are very likely to result in truncated LMX1B proteins, three are predicted to influence sequence-specific DNA binding, and one is presumed to prevent the formation of a stable protein by abolishing the Zn(II) binding site of the protein. Although there was a remarkable high incidence of renal disease in one of the families, the nephropathy was not seen in all affected family members and the severity of renal impairment varied significantly among the patients. This indicates that the incidence and severity of nephropathy within this family cannot be attributed to the LMX1B genotype. In addition, evidence of a correlation between other characteristics of the NPS phenotype and specific mutations has not been found.
Increased Abundance of Distal Sodium Transporters in Rat Kidney during Vasopressin Escape
Authors: ECELBARGER CAROLYN A. , KNEPPER MARK A. , VERBALIS JOSEPH G.
Published: April 2021

Hyponatremia is associated with inappropriately elevated vasopressin levels. A brisk natriuresis precedes the escape from this antidiuresis. Thus, the hypothesis was that the abundance of one or more of the sodium transporters of the distal tubule (a site for fine tuning of sodium balance) would be altered during vasopressin escape. Semiquantitative immunoblotting was used to examine the regulation of abundance of several sodium transporters/channels of the thick ascending limb through the collecting duct in the rat model. Osmotic minipumps to infuse dDAVP, the V2-selective vasopressin agonist (5 ng/h) for the entire experiment, were implanted in Male Sprague-Dawley rats. After 4 d, rats were divided into a control (dry AIN-76 diet/ad libitum water) or a water-loaded (gelled-agar-AIN-76 diet/ad libitum water) group. Rats were killed after 1, 2, 3, or 7 additional days. The water-loaded rats were hyponatremic (plasma Na+, 98 to 122 mmol/L) and manifested the expected early natriuresis and diuresis of vasopressin escape. Water loading (with dDAVP infusion) resulted in increased whole-kidney abundances of the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl co-transporter, the α-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), and the 70-kD dimer of the γ-subunit of ENaC. No changes were observed for the β-subunit of ENaC. Similar protein changes have recently been associated with elevated aldosterone levels in rats. However, plasma aldosterone levels were significantly suppressed in this model. These data suggest that several distal sodium reabsorptive mechanisms are upregulated during vasopressin escape; this may help to attenuate the developing hyponatremia resulting from water loading when vasopressin levels are inappropriately elevated.
Expression and Regulation of Estrogen Receptors in Mesangial Cells
Authors: POTIER MYLENE , ELLIOT SHARON J. , TACK IVAN , LENZ OLIVER , STRIKER GARY E. , STRIKER LILIANE J. , KARL MICHAEL
Published: April 2021

Diabetic glomerulosclerosis is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the mesangium. Estrogens seem to retard whereas estrogen deficiency seems to accelerate progressive glomerulosclerosis. Thus, mesangial cells (MC) may be a target for estrogens. Estrogen action is mediated via estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes ERα and ERβ. Both ER subtypes were expressed in human and mouse MC. Using an estrogen-responsive reporter construct in transfection assays, it also was demonstrated that the nuclear ER were transcriptionally active. In the presence of 17β-estradiol (E2; 10-10 to 10-8 M), there was a progressive increase in the mRNA levels of both ERα (approximately 1.8-fold and approximately 2.7-fold after 24 and 72 h, respectively) and ERβ (approximately 1.3-fold and approximately 2.2-fold after 24 and 72 h, respectively). ERα protein levels increased approximately 2.5-fold after 24 h (10-10 M, E2) and up to approximately 5.4-fold after 72 h (10-9 M, E2). ERβ protein levels increased approximately 2.1-fold in the presence of E2 (10-9 M) after 24 h. Thus, estrogens positively regulate the expression of the ER subtypes, thereby maintaining or increasing MC responsiveness to estrogens. Because diabetic glomerulosclerosis may be due partly to a decrease in ECM degradation, the effects of estrogens on matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) were studied. It was found that E2 (10-10 to 10-8 M) increased both MMP-9 mRNA and MMP-9 activity in MC. This may be an important mechanism by which estrogens influence ECM turnover and protect against progression of diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Expression of Nephrin in Pediatric Kidney Diseases
Authors: PATRAKKA JAAKKO , RUOTSALAINEN VESA , KETOLA ILKKA , HOLMBERG CHRISTER , HEIKINHEIMO MARKKU , TRYGGVASON KARL , JALANKO HANNU
Published: April 2021

Nephrin is a podocyte cell adhesion protein located at the slit diaphragm area of the kidney glomerulus. Mutations in the nephrin gene (NPHS1) lead to congenital nephrosis, suggesting that nephrin is essential for the glomerular filtration barrier. This prompted this study of the expression of nephrin in acquired pediatric kidney diseases using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. In situ hybridization for nephrin mRNA was performed in biopsy samples from patients with proteinuria caused by minimal change nephrosis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and membranous nephropathy. The expression of nephrin mRNA was evaluated by grading the signal intensity visually and by counting the number of grains in separate glomeruli. No significant difference was observed in these samples as compared with controls. Immunostaining for nephrin was performed using antibodies directed against extra- and intracellular parts of the molecule. Nephrin staining gave a linear pattern along the glomerular capillary loops. In minimal change nephrosis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and membranous nephropathy, the distribution of nephrin was similar to that in controls. In proliferative forms of glomerulonephritides (Henoch-Scho[Combining Diaeresis]nlein nephritis, IgA nephropathy, postinfectious and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis), crescents and sclerotic lesions were negative for nephrin, and mesangial proliferation led to a scattered and sparse staining pattern. The staining pattern of nephrin was compared to that of ZO-1, a component of the cytoplasmic face of the slit diaphragm. The distributions of these two proteins in capillary tufts were similar in all disease entities studied. In conclusion, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization did not reveal major alterations in the expression of nephrin in proteinuric kidney diseases in children. Further studies are needed for more precise evaluation of the role of nephrin in these diseases.
Segment-Specific c-ErbB2 Expression in Human Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: NAKANISHI KOICHI , SWEENEY WILLIAM E. , AVNER ELLIS D.
Published: April 2021

c-ErbB2 (also referred to as Neu or HER2), a transmembrane glycoprotein with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, is structurally related to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and forms active heterodimers with EGFR as well as other members of the EGFR family. c-ErbB2 is reported to mediate differentiation and proliferation in epithelial cells and is expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental stage-specific manner. Given the role of EGFR in cystic renal epithelial hyperplasia and the immature phenotype of cystic renal epithelial cells, the segment-specific expression pattern of c-ErbB2 in human autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) was examined in nine ARPKD kidney specimens ranging from gestational age 17 wk through postnatal age 4 wk. c-ErbB2 staining of human ARPKD samples showed increased expression with increasing gestational age compared with normal human fetal and postnatal kidneys. This increased c-ErbB2 expression was primarily localized to the apical surfaces of cystic collecting tubule cells, similar to the pattern of EGFR expression, and paralleled collecting tubular cyst formation and growth.
Temporary Treatment of Prepubescent Rats with Angiotensin Inhibitors Suppresses the Development of Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis
Authors: NAKAYA HIDEAKI , SASAMURA HIROYUKI , HAYASHI MATSUHIKO , SARUTA TAKAO
Published: April 2021

Hypertensive nephrosclerosis is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease; therefore, strategies to prevent the development of renal disease require close study. Here it is demonstrated that transient treatment of prepubescent rats with angiotensin inhibitors attenuated their susceptibility to the development of hypertensive nephrosclerosis after maturation. Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive Izumo strain rats were divided into four groups, treated with vehicle, the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) delapril (40 mg/kg per d), the angiotensin receptor antagonist (AT1R-Ant) candesartan cilexetil (1 mg/kg per d), or the vasodilator hydralazine (25 mg/kg per d) from weaning to puberty (3 to 10 wk of age), and then monitored without treatment for 6 mo. BP in the ACEI- and AT1R-Ant-treated groups remained significantly decreased, compared with the untreated and hydralazine-treated groups. Moreover, marked proteinuria and nephrosclerosis developed in the untreated and hydralazine-treated groups at 30 wk but were suppressed in the ACEI- and AT1R-Ant-treated groups. Of interest, plasma renin activity, plasma angiotensin II concentrations, and renal renin mRNA levels were reduced by >50% in the ACEI- and AT1R-Ant-treated rats, suggesting that the treatments may have attenuated the development of nephrosclerosis by overcoming the susceptibility of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats to overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system.
Improving Contact Area between the Peritoneum and Intraperitoneal Therapeutic Solutions
Authors: FLESSNER MICHAEL F. , LOFTHOUSE JOANNE , ZAKARIA EL RASHEID
Published: April 2021

A general assumption in peritoneal dialysis or intraperitoneal chemotherapy has been that a volume of 2 to 3 L in the human is sufficient to make contact with the entire anatomic peritoneum. On the basis of our previous experimental work and that of others, it was hypothesized that only a fraction of the anatomic peritoneum was in contact with the therapeutic solution in the cavity over a short period of time. It was also hypothesized that use of agitation of the experimental animal or a surfactant in the dialysis fluid would increase the contact area of the intraperitoneal solution. These hypotheses were tested by developing a method to measure the peritoneal contact area simultaneously with the anatomic peritoneal area. Anesthetized mice (25 to 35 g) received an injection of a relatively large volume (10 ml) of isotonic solution containing a radiolabeled protein that adhered to the peritoneum with which it came in contact. After a dwell of 1 to 24 h, the animal was killed and frozen. Cross sections of the abdominal and pelvic cavities were cut and placed against film to develop into autoradiograms, which represent the linear dimension of fluid contact in each sampling plane. The tissue sections that corresponded to the autoradiograms were stained to display the linear dimension of the anatomic peritoneum in the sampling plane. By imaging both the autoradiogram and the corresponding histologic slide, an estimate of the ratio of the contact area to anatomic area in each plane can be calculated (Rmean = average of all ratios). Applying this method to mice that were dialyzed with an isotonic salt solution under quiescent conditions for 1 h produced Rmean = 0.43 ± 0.03. With rapid shaking of the animal, Rmean = 0.54 ± 0.03 (P < 0.05). Addition of the surfactant dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS) 0.5% to the solution under quiescent conditions increased Rmean to 1.07 ± 0.03 (P < 0.001). Lengthening the dwell of the isotonic solution to 24 h increased Rmean to >0.90. In further study of the effect of the concentration of DSS on contact area, there was a direct correlation of Rmean with concentrations ranging from 0.0005 to 0.05% DSS. It is concluded that less than half of the mouse peritoneum is in contact with a large volume of solution in the peritoneal cavity. Maneuvers such as agitation and use of surfactant in the intraperitoneal solution increase the fraction of contact area. Also demonstrated was a direct dose-response of contact area versus intraperitoneal concentration of DSS, which may be useful in intraperitoneal therapies of peritoneal dialysis or intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
Impact of Apolipoprotein(a) Phenotypes on Long-Term Renal Transplant Survival
Authors: WAHN FRIEDERIKE , DANIEL VOLKER , KRONENBERG FLORIAN , OPELZ GERHARD , MICHALK DIETRICH V. , QUERFELD UWE
Published: April 2021

The long-term success of renal transplantation is limited because of chronic rejection (CR), which shows histologic parallels to atherosclerosis. Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, but its role in CR has not been investigated. Plasma levels of Lp(a) are determined mainly by the inherited isoform (phenotype) of apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] and show an inverse correlation with the molecular weight of apo(a). Apo(a) isoforms were identified in frozen sera of 327 patients who received a renal transplant during 1982 to 1992. Long-term graft survival in recipients with high molecular weight (HMW) or low molecular weight (LMW) apo(a) phenotypes were compared retrospectively. Mean (95% confidence interval) transplant survival was 12.8 yr (range, 11.9 to 13.6 yr) in patients with HMW and 11.9 yr (range, 10.8 to 13.1 yr) in patients with LMW apo(a) phenotypes (P = 0.2065). In patients who were 35 yr or younger at the time of transplantation, mean transplant survival was more than 3 yr longer in recipients with HMW apo(a) phenotypes compared with those with LMW apo(a) phenotypes (13.2 yr [range, 12.1 to 14.4 yr] versus 9.9 yr (range, 8.5 to 11.5 yr); P = 0.0156). In a Cox's proportional hazards regression model, the presence of LMW phenotypes—but not gender, immunosuppression, or HLA mismatches—in young patients was associated with a statistically significant risk of CR (P = 0.0434). These retrospective data indicate that young renal transplant recipients with LMW apo(a) phenotypes have a significantly shorter long-term graft survival, regardless of the number of HLA mismatches, gender, or immunosuppressive treatment.
Identification of a Novel Nuclear Guanosine Triphosphate-Binding Protein Differentially Expressed in Renal Disease
Authors: LAPING NICHOLAS J. , OLSON BARBARA A. , ZHU YUAN
Published: April 2021

A novel guanosine triphosphate—binding protein, chronic renal failure gene (CRFG), was discovered by differential display PCR to be regulated differentially in renal disease. Within the rat kidney, CRFG mRNA was localized to the outer medulla and was highly expressed in epithelial cells. The specific renal expression of CRFG mRNA in the outer medulla was reduced dramatically in several rat models of renal disease, including diabetic nephropathy, partial nephrectomy, ischemia, and anti-Thy1.1—induced nephritis. CRFG was localized selectively in the nucleus of human and rodent cells, as determined by immunocytochemistry and green fluorescence fusion protein. Cellular mRNA levels of CRFG were also increased after serum administration, when cells proliferate. These data suggest that CRFG may be involved in regulating guanosine triphosphate—dependent nuclear events that are associated with cell proliferation and that are important in normal renal function and essential for growth and development.
Chemokine Expression Precedes Inflammatory Cell Infiltration and Chemokine Receptor and Cytokine Expression during the Initiation of Murine Lupus Nephritis
Authors: LEMA GUILLERMO PÉREZ DE , MAIER HOLGER , NIETO ELENA , VIELHAUER VOLKER , LUCKOW BRUNO , MAMPASO FRANCISCO , SCHLO[Combining Diaeresis]NDORFF DETLEF
Published: April 2021

Lupus nephritis is characterized by immune complex deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration. Therefore, the initiation and progression of lupus nephritis in MRL/MpJ Faslpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice were investigated, with a focus on the expression of several chemokines and chemokine receptors. Mice were monitored for proteinuria from 6 to 20 wk of age, and kidneys were examined every 2 wk by light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunohistologic analyses. Furthermore, the expression of chemokines, chemokine receptors, and proinflammatory cytokines was analyzed in ribonuclease protection assays. MRL/lpr mice demonstrated increased expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, regulated upon activation, normal T cell-expressed and -secreted protein, inducible protein of 10 kD, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β at week 8. At that time point, levels of circulating and glomerular immune complexes were increased, and no proteinuria or histopathologic signs of renal damage could be observed. As assessed in immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization analyses, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and regulated upon activation, normal T cell-expressed and -secreted protein expression was preferentially located in the glomeruli and interstitium. Mononuclear cell infiltration of the kidney was observed by weeks 10 to 12. At week 12, the renal expression of chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1), CCR2, and CCR5 was increased, mice became proteinuric, and renal damage was histologically evident. Finally, the expression of proinflammatory cytokines was detected (weeks 12 to 14). In summary, (1) chemokines are upregulated before inflammatory cell infiltration, proteinuria, and kidney damage are observed; (2) chemokine generation is restricted to sites of subsequent inflammatory cell infiltration, i.e., glomeruli and interstitium; (3) chemokine receptor expression parallels mononuclear cell infiltration; and (4) proinflammatory cytokines are upregulated later, in parallel with inflammatory cell infiltration and the onset of proteinuria. These results support the hypothesis that chemokines initiate leukocyte infiltration and precede proteinuria and renal damage in MRL/lpr mice.
Increased Immunogenicity and Cause of Graft Loss of Old Donor Kidneys
Authors: FIJTER JOHAN W. DE , MALLAT MARKO J. K. , DOXIADIS ILIAS I. N. , RINGERS JAN , ROSENDAAL FRITS R. , CLAAS FRANS H. J. , PAUL LEENDERT C.
Published: April 2021

Donor age was identified recently as a major factor that determines long-term outcome after transplantation, but the mechanism that is responsible for increased graft loss of old donor kidneys is unknown. The influence of donor age on graft survival was assessed retrospectively in 514 consecutive first cadaveric transplants that were treated with cyclosporine maintenance immunosuppression. Donor age ≥50 yr (relative risk [RR] = 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 2.6), acute rejection (RR = 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3 to 3.0), and type of rejection (RR = 3.3; 95% CI, 2.0 to 5.3) had a significant impact on graft survival. However, when subsets of patients who entered subsequent intervals after transplantation were analyzed, donor age was not an independent predictive factor of graft loss. Donor age (RR = 1.53; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.98), human leukocyte antigen-DR mismatch (RR = 2.28; 95% CI, 1.78 to 2.92), and recipient age (RR = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.72) were associated significantly with acute rejection episodes. Delayed graft function alone was not associated independently with the occurrence of early acute rejection (RR = 1.24; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.61). The timing of the rejection episodes of old donor kidneys was not different, and the excess rejection prevalence was attributable entirely to interstitial (grade I) types of rejection. Interstitial rejection episodes in kidneys from old donors had a significant (P < 0.05) negative impact on graft survival. Beyond the first year, poor renal function and proteinuria were significant risk factors for graft loss, regardless of rejection. Our data fit best the hypothesis that increased graft loss of older donor kidneys results from an increased incidence of acute interstitial rejection episodes in the early posttransplantation months. It is proposed that kidneys from older donors are more immunogenic than kidneys from young donors and that acute rejection episodes result in functional deterioration. Contrary to interstitial rejection in kidneys from younger donors, kidneys from old donors seem to have an impaired ability to restore tissue.
Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition Impairs Glomerular Capillary Healing in Experimental Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Kitahara Masashi , Eitner Frank , Ostendorf Tammo , Kunter Uta , Janssen Ulf , Westenfeld Ralf , Matsui Katsuyuki , Kerjaschki Dontscho , Floege Ju[Combining Diaeresis]rgen
Published: April 2021

Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors have anti-inflammatory activity and reduce proteinuria in experimental membranous glomerulonephritis. Antiangiogenic properties of COX-2 inhibitors were recently reported. Whether these properties are relevant to the glomerular healing process in inflammatory glomerular diseases was investigated. For evaluation of the effects of selective COX-2 inhibitors on the glomerular healing process in a rat model of mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (induced by anti-Thy 1.1 antibody), a selective COX-2 inhibitor (rofecoxib or celecoxib) or vehicle was administered daily from day 1 after disease induction until euthanasia on day 6. Additional nephritic rats were treated with rofecoxib or vehicle from day 1 to day 10 and were monitored until day 28. Selective COX-2 inhibition led to significant increases in mesangiolysis (up to +71%) on days 2 and 6 and in albuminuria (up to 3.1-fold) on day 6. This augmentation of glomerular capillary damage was associated with rarefaction of glomerular endothelial cells, whereas the proliferation and activation of mesangial cells were not affected. No significant effects on the glomerular influx of polymorphonuclear neutrophils or the infiltration and proliferation of monocytes/macrophages at day 2 were noted. These effects were independent of systemic hemodynamic features, because rofecoxib did not affect systolic BP on day 2 or 5. Nephritic rats treated with rofecoxib for 10 d demonstrated persistent glomerular injury at day 28, as indicated by increased albuminuria (10-fold) and mesangial type IV collagen deposition (+24%). In normal rats, 5-d administration of rofecoxib failed to induce albuminuria or morphologic renal damage. In conclusion, selective COX-2 inhibitors impair glomerular capillary repair after mesangiolysis in rats with anti-Thy 1.1 glomerulonephritis. These data suggest that selective COX-2 inhibitors should be used with caution among patients with inflammatory endocapillary glomerular disorders.
Okuma Becerileri Dersi Öğretim Programının İncelenmesi
Authors: ELDELEKLİOĞLU ONUK Damla , AVCI Barış
Published: April 2021

Uluslararası değerlendirme programı sonuçları ile çeşitli araştırmaların bulguları okuma becerisi alanında Türkiye’nin alt sıralarda yer aldığını, öğrencilerin uzun metinlerden ziyade kısa metinleri okumayı tercih ettiğini göstermektedir. Buna ek olarak yetişen bireylerin üst bilişsel becerilere ulaşmasındaki güçlüklerin de vurgulanması nedeniyle 5. ve 6. sınıflar seçmeli Okuma Becerileri Dersi Öğretim Programı’nın incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman incelemesi kullanılarak DAPDEM öğretim programı değerlendirme ölçütleri ile 5 boyutta toplanan veriler betimsel analiz yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan inceleme sonucunda, ölçüt kapsamında öğretim programında yeterli bilgi verilmediği ancak programın bir felsefesinin olduğu ve bu doğrultuda programın şekillendirildiği, hedef/kazanımların yatay ve dikey boyutta çoğunlukla uyumlu olduğu, içerik ve öğretme-öğrenme süreci açısından programda kısıtlı bilgiye yer verildiği ve öğretmenin içerik seçimi ve öğretme-öğrenme süreci konusunda esnek bırakıldığı, ölçme ve değerlendirme kapsamında da öğretmeni yönlendirecek araç ve gereçlere yer verildiği söylenebilir. Ders kapsamında uygun içerikli kitapların önerilmesi, üst bilişsel beceri gerektiren kazanımların saatlerinin arttırılması ve programda iyileştirmelerin yapılması önerilmektedir.
The senior anesthesiologists and their medical profession in Korea: based on a survey
Authors: Kim Kyungmi , Baek Sungwoon , Choi In-Cheol , Yang Hong-Seuk
Published: April 2021

Background: The number of aging physicians is increasing as the global population ages. With aging, anesthesiologists would be expected to experience changes in their professional position. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the current professional status of Korean anesthesiologists aged over 60 years. Methods: Registered anesthesiologists aged over 60 years in Korea were invited for a survey. The questionnaire addressed 10 subjects with 40 questions that focused on demographics, practical activities, work conditions, difficulties experienced due to physical changes caused by aging, and economic status. Results: In total, 122 anesthesiologists responded to the survey (response rate: 15.7%). Of them, 30.3% were working in honorary and advisory positions at tertiary hospitals, while 19.7% were working as pain physicians. Majority of the respondents were working for 5 days a week (41.8%) and 6–8 hours/day (48.4%). Majority of them (79.5%) were generally satisfied with their present life. Conclusions: Majority of the senior anesthesiologists were working at general hospitals and they reported being “satisfied” with the current status of their life. However, the clinical practice and retirement strategies of senior anesthesiologists need to be evaluated systematically to prepare for the continuing gradual increase in the number of senior anesthesiologists.
What Could Be, But Never Has Been: Horizons of Human Rights and Racial Justice
Authors: Munyikwa Michelle
Published: April 2021

The US’s authority as chief enforcer of human rights grows increasingly illusory as civil unrest brings the quotidian nature of racialised human rights violations in the US into a frame shared by authoritarian regimes. This reality animates my analysis of how an organisation I call Doctors for Humanity (DfH) finds its footing in a terrain of human rights enforcement that is shifting from a global to a domestic focus. The US is not an actual space of freedom but often represents the limit of possible freedoms. This horizon evokes something that always could be but never has been and unmasks what I analyse as a constitutive unfreedom at the heart of liberalism in American empire. To attend to human rights violations in the US is to undermine American authority and its right and responsibility to make claims about the actions of other nations. As a future physician and human rights advocate invested in racial justice, I illuminate the paradoxes of ethical action within a context where the possibility of freedom for some depends upon the unfreedom of others. To effectively police human rights from this perspective necessitates the deconstruction of the US as a space of freedom, pointing instead towards a praxis of global human rights which lives up to the concept’s aspirational universality.
Social distance forever? Or, What is a Horizon for ‘Being near, Together with Others’?
Authors: Rendell Sara
Published: April 2021

In light of COVID-19 infection control measures, which establish a minimum distance of 6 feet between bodies, many have emphasised the need to maintain social closeness despite physical distance. This Position Piece considers the flip side of this concern: in key spaces that structure social interactions in the US today, physical closeness does not equal social closeness. ‘This country is like a prison,’ one of my interlocutors told me, pointing to carceral histories of social distancing that predateCOVID-19. Moreover, in the co-constituted spaces of criminalisation and justice, punishment and care, distance and proximity, and carceral freedom, the physical closeness of people that couldhave registered as social closeness is precluded, culminating in deadly disregard. Drawing on my medical training and on fieldwork documentation of medical harms in the US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention apparatus, I consider how non-responsiveness spreads within and beyond institutions of immigration enforcement. I suggest that medical providers are implicated in what I call ‘contagious containment’—that is, the impulse to distance oneself from harmful realities in which one’s clinical practice is complicit. This distancing reinforces the idea of humanity being a scarce resource, especially when the racialised stratification of economic and political resources is preserved in and through institutions like ICE detention. Contagious containment offers the fantasy of separating one’s clinical work from the apparatus of harming and, so long as such reservoirs of life-threatening disregard remain, such contagion can (and does) spread.
Studies of the pore space of the UPM-K, UAM-50, UAM-100
composite ultrafiltration membrane
Authors: Lazarev Sergey I. , Kovaleva Olga A. , Khorokhorina Irina V. , Khromova Tatyana A. , Kovalev Sergey V.
Published: April 2021

The development of methods for assessing the distribution of pores by radii (or diameters) and studying the microstructure of the surface of a membrane partition is an urgent task. The authors of the paper carried out experimental studies of the pore diameter distribution for the UPM-K ultrafiltration membrane, determined the porosity and hydrodynamic permeability of the UAM-50, UAM-100 membranes. The analysis of the experimental results showed that the UPM-K ultrafiltration membrane had an average pore diameter of 54 nm. The UAM-50 and UAM-100 membranes were characterized by an asymmetric structure (an active layer (dense) and a porous substrate), while the pores were
2.5–40 and 10–40 nm in size, respectively. The experiments on the study of the hydrodynamic permeability of UAM-50, UAM-100 ultrafiltration membranes when separating a solution of sodium lauryl sulfate showed that the kinetic response curves of the “membrane-solution” system were conventionally divided into two stages. The first stage of the process was faster and lasted only a few minutes. After 7.8 and 13.05 min, the hydrodynamic permeability decreased by ~ 27 %, 7 %, which was due to structural changes in the cellulose acetate layer under the action of mechanical load (transmembrane pressure). The second stage was slower – with a duration of ~ 33 and 60 min and a decrease in hydrodynamic permeability by 41 % and 11 %. Based on the analysis of the approximating function, the rate constants of the membrane separation of solutions and the empirical coefficients of the equation are found.
Апробация и валидизация методики веры в свободу/детерминизм (FAD–Plus) на российской выборке
Authors: Моспан А.Н. , Леонтьев Д.А.
Published: April 2021

Мировоззренческие убеждения, относящиеся к вере в свободу и предопределенность окружающего и внутреннего мира, являются предметом активного обсуждения и исследования в психологической науке. В статье представлены результаты апробации и конструктной валидизации русскоязычной версии методики веры в свободу/детерминизм (FAD-Plus) Д. Полуса и Дж. Кэри. На выборке студентов первого курса факультета психологии московских вузов (N = 372) подтверждена оригинальная четырехфакторная структура опросника, который включает в себя четыре шкалы: Фаталистический детерминизм (a Кронбаха — 0.793), Свобода (a‎ Кронбаха — 0.777), Непредсказуемость (a‎ Кронбаха — 0.689), Научный детерминизм (a‎ Кронбаха — 0.675). Для конструктной валидизации опросника были рассмотрены связи методики с параметрами психологического благополучия и мотивации: диспозиционным и атрибутивным оптимизмом, субъективным благополучием и эмоциональным состоянием, осмысленностью жизни и жизненной позицией, психологическими потребностями, персональной ответственностью. Согласно полученным результатам, русскоязычная версия методики веры в свободу/детерминизм обладает хорошими психометрическими характеристиками и может быть использована как качественный исследовательский инструмент. На основании корреляционного анализа была выявлена положительная взаимосвязь между верой в свободу и характеристиками психологического благополучия: удовлетворенностью жизнью, положительными эмоциями, оптимизмом, осмысленностью жизни, тремя аспектами жизненной позиции, удовлетворенностью базовых психологических потребностей, персональной ответственностью и чувствительностью к обратной связи. Остальные виды убеждений показали более слабые связи с психологическими характеристиками. Вера в непредсказуемость отрицательно связана с положительными эмоциями, атрибутивным оптимизмом, осмысленностью жизни, осознанностью жизни, ответственностью и чувствительностью к обратной связи. Вера в научный детерминизм имеет отрицательные корреляции с атрибутивным оптимизмом в ситуации успеха, активностью жизненной позиции, чувствительностью к обратной связи и удовлетворением потребности в компетентности. Вера в фаталистический детерминизм во многом схожа с научным детерминизмом по паттерну корреляционных связей, однако, в отличие от последней, она также положительно коррелирует с удовлетворенностью жизнью и с чувством гармонии с ней.
Религиозная практика православных россиян как фактор экзистенциального благополучия
Authors: Климочкина А.Ю.
Published: April 2021

В работе ставится вопрос о взаимосвязи религиозности и психологического благополучия человека в экзистенциально-психологическом понимании. Корреляционное исследование проводилось методом онлайн-опроса на открытых платформах. Из полученной выборки были отобраны респонденты, соответствующие двум критериям: первый — самоопределение респондента как верующего в Бога, второй — аффилиация респондента с Русской православной церковью. Итоговую выборку составили 153 человека. Оценка экзистенциального благополучия основывалась на понятии исполненности, которая измерялась валидизированным опросником Тест экзистенциальных мотиваций (ТЭМ). Был измерен частный и совокупный вклад частоты нескольких религиозных практик в показатель экзистенциальной исполненности — молитвы, посещения церкви, чтения Священного Писания, участия в религиозных праздниках и соблюдения поста. Для оценки совокупного вклада религиозных практик составлена шкала Объективная религиозность (a Кронбаха = 0.89). Обработка результатов включала методы: сравнение средних, корреляционный анализ, иерархический регрессионный анализ. Гипотеза о положительной взаимосвязи между экзистенциальной исполненностью религиозных людей и частотой реализации ими религиозных практик подтвердилась. Результаты исследования указывают на более высокий уровень экзистенциальной исполненности у православных христиан относительно ожидаемых средних по ТЭМ в предыдущих российских исследованиях. Частота религиозных практик является значимым предиктором исполненности: православные, активно участвующие в религиозной жизни, сообщают о более высоком уровне экзистенциальной исполненности. Наибольшая значимая связь (b = 0.31) обнаружена с субшкалой переживания жизни как наполненной смыслом. В соответствии с экзистенциально-аналитической теорией предложена интерпретация обнаруженной взаимосвязи: религиозность является персональным ресурсом благодаря «упражнению» человека в духовной активности. Обозначены ограничения и перспективы исследования.