bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Petroleum Hydrogeology: A Potential Application of Groundwater Science
Authors: Toth J.
Published: November 2024

Hydrogeological principles and techniques may be useful in petroleum exploration and basin analysis because of two kinds of genetic relations between accumulations of petroleum and regional groundwater flow. First, groundwater flow may create deposits by transporting hydrocarbon particles toward and into sites where conditions for accumulation and entrapment are fluid-dynamically favourable. Second, groundwater flow may reveal deposits by indirect or direct signatures transmitted from potential sites of or actual accumulations, respectively, to locations where they can be detected. Knowledge of groundwater flow pattern thus allows identification of dynamically favourable regions for deposit formation as well as projections to be made in the directions of both developing and eroding deposits. Groundwater flow may be studied by mathematical and field-oriented techniques, and by using its own physical, chemical and thermal manifestations. The four basic types of petroleum exploration problems to which hydrogeology might be applied are: 1. Areal reconnaissance ; 2. Estimates of migrated hydrocarbon volumes; 3. Location of hydrodynamic traps and extension of known deposits ; and 4. Surface exploration. Even though it is not possible to precisely estimate the economics of a groundwater based approach in petroleum exploration, a cost-saving of up to 50% in regional surveys on continental areas may be expected and there is a strong case for a field-test of the concepts.
Groundwater Recharge Estimates by Radio-Isotope Method-A Critical Analysis
Authors: Krishna Rao G.
Published: November 2024

Isotopes have a wide application in groundwater problems like recharge estimates. Though the results of this method are nearly convincing, the concept behind the method is not. The radio-active tracer movement in the unsaturated zone represents only soil moisture transport which is not available for exploitation as groundwater. The exploitable groundwater corresponds to the 'gravitational water' component of the infiltrating waters.
Drastic: A Standardized System to Evaluate Groundwater Pollution Potential using Hydrogeologic Setting
Authors: Aller Linda , Lehr Jay H. , Petty Rebecca , Bennett Truman
Published: November 2024

DRASTIC is a methodology which allows the pollution potential of any area to be systematically evaluated. The system optimizes the use of existing data and has two major portions: the designation of mappable units, termed hydrogeologic settings, and the superposition of a relative ranking system called DRASTIC. Hydrogeologic settings incorporate the major hydrogeologic factors which are used to infer the potential for to enter groundwater. These factors form the acronym DRASTIC and include depth to water, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, impact of the vadose zone and hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer. The relative ranking scheme uses a combination of weights and ratings to produce a numerical value, called the DRASTIC Index which helps prioritize areas with respect to pollution potential.
Optimization of Unconfined Groundwater Systems: A Differential Dynamic Programming Algorithm
Authors: Willis Robert , Jones LeDon C.
Published: November 2024

Groundwater optimization models are predicated on the hydraulic or water quality response equations of the aquifer system. These equations relate the state variables of the groundwater system, the head or mass concentrations, and the decision variables that control the magnitude, location, and timing of pumping, artificial recharge, or waste injection. These management models are large-scale, non-convex programing problems. The objective of this paper is to present a differential dynamic programming (DDP) algorithm for solution of groundwater optimization problems. The effects of state and control variable constraints are discussed. The Jacobian matrices of the algorithm are evaluated analytically using a fully implicit, finite difference model of the aquifer system. DDP is used to identify optimal groundwater pumping schedules for a two-dimensional, unconfined aquifer system. The CPU time and central memory requirements of the algorithm are also presented.
Environmental Geochemistry of Indian River Basins-A Review
Authors: Subramanian V.
Published: November 2024

Based on extensive observations, the sediment and the chemical load- both quantity and quality - have been computed for the Indian sub continent. Indian rivers carry total dissolved solids of 159 ppm, which is about 25% more than the world average river water. Indian rivers are also relatively enriched in Na and Cl. They also carry a sediment load of about 1.4 billion tonnes/yr representing 10% of the global sediment flux. The northern rivers carry dominantly illite-kaolinite-chlorite in suspension while the southern rivers carry high exchange capacity clays. The sediment chemistry is comparable to world surface rocks, with corrections for the mobile elements. Heavy metals occur predominantly in the chemically extractable sinks within the river sediments. Limited studies on base metal mining areas in Khetri and Zawar indicated contamination of soil, plants and water in that area.
The Distribution of Intensity Associated with the 1905 Kangra Earthquake and Bounds on the Extent of the Rupture Zone
Authors: Molnar Peter
Published: November 2024

In his report of the damage caused by the 1905 Kangra earthquake, Middlemiss (1910) reported two zones of relatively high intensity: a major one with a maximum near Kangra and Dharamsala and extending southeast to Mandi, and a minor one centered around Dehra Dun. A re-examination of the information that he gave suggests that the intervening zone of low intensity was not well-defined and that the intensity near Dehra Dun was not markedly higher than that at towns in the plains of northern India. Thus, these observations allow three different possibilities for the extent of the rupture zone. The rupture may have extended southeast 280 km, from west of Dharamsala to southeast of Dehra Dun. In this case the rupture probably occurred on segments of two thrust faults connected by a strike-slip fault in the hanging wall (or by a buried lateral ramp) north of Simla. Possibly there were two separate ruptures: one extending from near Dharamsala southeast to Mandi and the other, poorly defined, near Dehra Dun. Finally the distribution of destruction allows for the possibilities that only the area 100km in extent, from west of Dharamsala to Mandi, ruptured and that the 1905 earthquake did not relieve much strain in the region near Dehra Dun. Accordingly, it probably is safe to assume that Dharamsala will not lie in the epicentral area of the next great earthquake in the Himalaya, but it probably would be unwise to assume that that area will not include Dehra Dun.
Economic Potentiality of New Gold Mineralisation in South Kolar Schist Belt
Authors: Mukherjee M. M. , Natarajan W. K. , Shashidharan K. , George Stephen
Published: November 2024

Auriferous zones are confined to ductile shear zones in the mafic unit (metabasalt/metagabbro) as well as in the felsic unit ('Champion gneiss'). The occurrence of significant gold mineralisation in the' Champion gneiss' comprising quartzo-feldspathic schist is being reported for the first time.

Low grade (about 4 grammes per tonne) gold reserve of the order of 4.7 million tonnes under all categories (probable+possible) in the new prospect has been established.
Correlation of Cave Levels and Planation Surfaces in the Pachmarhi Area, Madhya Pradesh: A Case for Base-Level Control
Authors: Venkatakrishnan Ramesh
Published: November 2024

Strong spatial juxtaposition of stream entrenchment and cave levels with planation surfaces in the Pachmarhi area reveals their mutual synchroneity during recurrent periods of epeirogenic uplift and stillstand that characterized the post-Deccan Trap (middle to late Cenozoic) erosion cycle.

Best correlation of cave levels with planation surfaces is observed in the downstream reaches of the drainage basins far removed from the drainage divides. Cave levels closely mimic the epeirogenically warped Upland planation surfaces indicating their base level control. Cave systems in the headwater regions are less well developed and appear to be controlled more by local tributaries. Both these observations indicate that trunk streams approach equilibrium sooner than their headwater reaches and hence cave levels cluster around the planation level in the downstream reaches where planation surfaces are also better developed. Periods of stillstand are therefore marked by intense cave development and periods of downcutting by stream entrenchment and drainage superposition.

Cave development and landform evolution in the Pachmarhi Area appear to be a non-cyclic but continuous process of recurrent epeirogeny and stillstand during the later part of the Cenozoic Era.
Offshore Extension of the Structural Element at Udipi, Confirmation from Marine Magnetics
Authors: Subrahmanyam V.
Published: November 2024

The isomagnetic anomaly map (1: 3,00,000) reflects conspicuous E-W, NW-SE, WNW-ESE, NE-SW and N-S trends which are similar to that of the onshore Dharwar trend. The map also shows short wavelength, high amplitude anomalies off Coondapoor, broad wavelength anomalies off Mangalore and relatively smooth zone further south to Kasaragod. A prominent WNW-ESE structural element (fault) south off Coondapoor is observed in the three eastern profiles (A-A', B-B' and C-C') which was not reflected in the western profiles (D-D', E-E' and F-F') and this can be extrapolated towards the adjacent coast to join an onshore structural element trending in the same direction. This structural element perhaps represents the offshore extension of the fault at Udipi. The broad wavelength anomalies off Mangalore and Malpe may be generated from sources composed at a depth of around 4 km. The observed magnetic smooth zone south off Mangalore is interpreted in terms of insignificant magnetization contrast in the crystalline basement.
Univariate and Multivariate Stochastic Modelling and Forecasting of Silica Content in Iron Ores of Northern Goa
Authors: Raikar P. S.
Published: November 2024

The distribution of silica (SiO2) content in the iron ores of Northern Goa (Bicholim Mine) was found to be a stationary process by itself and no differencing was heeded for stochastic modelling. The univariate method established an AR (1) process for lateral series (65 samples taken at 3 m interval along strike of the ore body); as well as for vertical series (35 samples taken at 1 m. interval perpendicular to bedding plane) with maximum likelihood estimators of f1 =0.544 and 0.803 for lateral and vertical series respectively.

The univariate forecasts have been upgraded by multivariate analysis techniques after prewhitening the input series. Step-wise multiple regression has resulted in a reduction of error variance (R2) by 27.33% along lateral series with statistical significant inputs of TiO2 and MnO; whereas for vertical section, it yielded simple regression retaining significant input of FeO2O3 and reduced the final error variance by 26.71 %. Some practical aspects of grade forecasting and utility of the models so generated are discussed.
Seasonal Beach Changes Along Quilon District Coast, Kerala
Authors: Prakash T. N. , Aby Verghese P.
Published: November 2024

Based on the beach profile studies along the Quilon coast during the year 1980-81, accretional and erosional areas were demarcated in the southern and northern sector of the Neendakara outlet. A net gain of 0.194 m3 of sand in the southern sector and loss of 0.374 mimon m3 in northern sector was noticed. There is marked variation in mean grain size, sorting and foreshore slope in these two sectors. Reversal of longshore current from north to south, increase of breaker height and human activity have been found to be responsible for overall beach changes along the coast.
On the Evolution of the Lagoon Barrier System Between N. Lats. 12°5' and 12°15', Cannanore District, Kerala
Authors: Thrivikramaji K. P.
Published: November 2024

The Ettikulam lagoon and the lagoonal islets lying in the coastal plain of Cannan are District, Kerala form typical lagoon-barrier complex. A series of islets dot its full length, and some of the northern islets show a boomerang shape in plan. Other important components are the modern Ettikulam barrier, the Laccadive sea to the west and the coastal plain to the east. The islets occurring in the lagoon are interpreted as remnants of a barrier-dune complex, which was dismembered into fragments (sandy shoals) by storms in the Laccadive sea at a time when the sea-level was also on the rise (in the late Pleistocene). The storms also hastened the reduction of relief of the fragments or protoislets. The destructive phase of the islets terminated with the emergence of the modern Ettikulam barrier, giving the present configuration to the shoreline.

The onset of the new flow pattern, controlled by the two inlets, one off the mouth of Karingote river in the north and the other near Ramanthali in the south, led to further modification of the plan view of the islets giving a boomerang shape.

Evidences are also cited for the migration of the northern inlet and for the closure of the inlet near Ramanthali in the south, mainly due to littoral drift, sometime between 1914 and 1965.
Origin of Calcrete in Red Sediment from Visakhapatnam Coast, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Sankara Pitchaiah P.
Published: November 2024

Red sediment with calcrete is a characteristic deposit in the coastal tracts of Visakhapatnam region on the northeastern part of Andhra Pradesh. Three structural types of calcrete. rhizoconcretionary, mottled and massive, are recognized from Ramakrishna Mission, Rishikonda and Bhimilipatnam areas. Rhizoconcretionary calcrete is recorded from three profiles, but the mottled and massive are typically absent in Bhimilipatnam.

The origin of the various types of calcrete in the Visakhapatnam area is intimately linked to evapotranspiration of groundwater. The rootlet origin of the calcrete structures is beyond doubt, as the actual woody tissue of the root is occasionally found as a core to the rhizoconcretions.

The massive calcrete is precipitated much above the present day water table which, in general developed in the capillary-rise zone, indicating the rise in palaeo-water table. The well-developed calcrete profiles of Ramakrishna Mission and Rishikonda suggest the possible existence of a grove of old trees in the past. On the other hand, poorly developed calcrete profile of Bhimilipatnam indicates the palaeo-heath/scrub vegetation.
Dinosaur Teeth from Lameta Group (Upper Cretaceous) of Kheda District, Gujarat
Authors: Mathur U. B. , Srivastava S.
Published: November 2024

Theropod and sauropod dinosaur teeth are being described for the first time from Lameta Group (Upper Cretaceous) of Kheda District, Gujarat. Carnosaurian teeth show megalosaurid characters and are placed in Majungasaurus (Megalosaurus)crenatissimus and (?) Megalosaurus. Five morphological types of (?) Megalosaurus teeth have been distinguished which vary from laterally compressed flattened cones to recurved ones having serrations on anterior/posterior margins and directed either at right angles or obliquely to the margins. The sauropod dinosaur teeth are tentatively placed in Titanosaurus and described as a new species viz., (?) Titanosaurus rahioliensis.
Kimberlite and Lamproite Rocks of Vajrakarur Area, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Ajit Kumar Reddy T.
Published: November 2024

Kimberlite and lamproite diatremes of late Proterozoic age (840 to 1020 m.y.) within the Archaean granites and gneisses (Peninsular Gneiss) around Vajrakarur in Andhra Pradesh show unusual mineralogy, mantle and crustal xenoliths and variable diamond distribution. Two of the pipe rocks correspond to kimberlite breccias with around 40% crustal xenoliths. Two pipe rocks are identical in mineralogy, xenolith content and chemistry to the classical kimberlites of Kimberley in South Africa. These four kimberlite pipes are diamond-bearing with xenocrysts and megacrysts of forsteritic olivine, pyrope-garnet, chrome diopside and magnesian ilmenite. Mantle xenoliths identified include peridotite and eclogite. The other two pipe rocks rich in phlogopite vary in petrography, mineral chemistry and whole rock geochemistry from classical kimberlites and show closer affinity to lamproites of West Australia, Spain and Arkansas. These rocks contain two generations of olivine, sanidine, phlogopite in a fine-grained matrix composed of phlogopite, olivine, perovskite, sanidine, clinopyroxene, richterite, serpentine, carbonates. melilite and possible leucite and glass. Rarity of pyrope garnet, chrome diopside from the' indicator' suite, xenoliths from 'mantle' suite and the absence of diamond are characteristic. The six kimberlites generally show high values of MgO, AI2O3, CaO, K2O and Na2O. The two olivine lamproites described are characterised by significantly high values of TiO2, Fe2O3, K2O, Na2O and P2O5•

The petrology, mineral chemistry and rock geochemistry of mica-rich kimberlite are found to be transitional between kimberlite and lamproite rocks and suggest a separate petrogenesis. possibly from a different area within the mantle. A shallower origin is indicated by the absence of kimberlite indicator minerals, mantle xenoliths and diamond.
Distribution of Phosphorus and Phosphatisation along the Western Continental Margin of India
Authors: Rao Ch M. , Paropkari A. L. , Mascarenhas A. , Murty P. S. N.
Published: November 2024

Phosphate content in the bulk sediments range from 0.02 to 2.17% and on carbonate free basis it varies from 0.03 to 6.57%. The partition studies indicate that contribution from the acid resistant detrital minerals (HCl insolubles) is negligible. In the inner shelf, the phosphorus is mainly associated with iron (as ferric-phosphate?) and organic carbon. In the outer shelf/slope its association with carbonate suggests its authigenic/diagenetic origin. This is also supported by X-ray diffraction studies wherein the apatite peak is revealed in some samples. In general, sympathetic relationship of phosphorus with organic carbon in the study region indicates genetic relationship between these two elements, which is an important condition for phosphatogenesis. Further, these studies suggest that the outershelf/slope region between Bombay and Quilon is the promising area for detailed exploration for phosphorite deposits.
A Note on the Possible Contamination in the Vicinity of the Debari Zinc Smelter, District Udaipur, Rajasthan
Authors: Bheemalingeswara K.
Published: November 2024

The geochemical soil survey carried out near the Debari Zinc smelter near Udaipur, Rajasthan, as part of a regional geochemical survey, showed anomalous concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn in the vicinity of the smelter. This anomaly could not be attributed to the country rock, because of rather low concentrations in litho-units. The pollution caused by the zinc smelter is suspected to be its source. Little away to the north, concentration appears to be related to secondary dispersion from bed rock.
Himalayan Thrusts and Structural Belts
Authors: Srikantia S. V.
Published: November 2024

The Himalayan Orogen is characterised by a series of linear and parallel thrusts demarcating individual tectono-stratigraphic units. Two major tectogens, the Lesser Himalayan and the Tethyan, are recognised and these are separated by the Main Central Thrust (MCT). The MCT is the most fundamental of all thrusts in the Himalaya and represents the outermost tectonic transgression of the crystalline thrust nappes with or without Phanerozoic Tethyan cover over the Lesser Himalayan tectogen. The MCT can be recognised all along the Himalaya and is invariably characterised by retrogressive metamorphic characters and schuppen structures. It also comprises sub-nappes like the Salkhala and the Jutogh in the NW Himalaya.

The Lesser Himalayan Tectogen has several structural belts demarcated by well-defined thrust planes and imbricate zones. The Himachal Himalaya has the maximum development of these structural belts.

Another important aspect of Lesser Himalayan tectogen is the extensive detachment of cover rocks along the planes of unconformity or even bedding.

Along the northern margin of the Tethys Himalayan tectogen, the thrust sheets generally have a NE-directed movement, whereas along the southern margin the thrust sheets have SW-directed movement. The highest allochthon in the Himalaya is represented by the Shilakong and Jungbwa ophiolite nappes.

The Indus Tectonic Zone borders the Himalaya along its northern margin and is represented by two structural belts viz. the Sangeluma and Indus belts.
Basement Configuration of the Area West of Koyna (India) from the Analysis of Aeromagnetic Data
Authors: Agrawal P. K. , Negi J. G.
Published: November 2024

An aeromagnetic map of the area west of Koyna (lr23' N, 73°45' E), bounded between latitude 17°5' Nand 17°35' N and longitude 73°15' E and 73°40' E, is spectrally analysed to derive a basement relief model. The model reflects structural heterogeneity conforming well with the existing estimates of trap thickness from other geophysical methods. Two prominent structural features-one near Chatnali and the other to the west of Durga Dongar-are observed which indicate fault-like structures. Between south of Alore and northeast of Mutagaon, a body with high reverse magnetization with its top lying at a depth of about 1200 m is also indicated. These results seem to indicate a limited triggering role of reservoir-induced seismicity in the region and point to the existence of pre-reservoir instability of the Koyna zone.
Nature and Magma Type of Jagannathpur Volcanics, Singhbhum, Eastern India
Authors: Alvi Shabber H. , Raza M.
Published: November 2024

Jagannathpur volcanics which occur as faulted outliers within the Noa mundi-Koira sequence of banded iron formation (BIF) of Singhbhum are analysed for major and selected trace elements. Chemical data indicate that the volcanics are calc-alkaline basalts. High MgO, Ni, Cr along with intermediate Si02, low CaO/Al203 ; Ti/Zr and high Zr/Y ratios in majority of the samples match well with modern boni- nites. It would, therefore, appear that Jagannathpur volcanics represent ao early phase of arc volcanism.
On the Geometry of Folds
Authors: Bajpai R. K.
Published: November 2024

For the purpose of differentiating various geometric classes of folds, the author has tried a new parameter. It has been designated as ratio ,va. The value of va varies from one geometric class of the folds to the other. Folds with class 1 geometry show a value greater than 1, whereas class 3 folds show a value less than 1. For the class 2 folds ,va it is always 1.
Hydrocarbon Prospects of Gondwana Basins in India: Source Rock Studies of Kamthi Sub-Basin of Pranhita-Godavari Graben
Authors: Pal Minaxi , Venkatesh V. , Balyan A. K. , Sarkar A.
Published: November 2024

Several workers have proposed that coals can be regarded as possible source rocks of oil and gas. The present study was undertaken with the objective of geochemical evaluation of coals and associated shales of Kamthi sub-basin of Pranhita-Godavari Graben. The studies indicate that Barakars of Kamthi sub-basin contain sufficient humic organic matter deposited in intermediate to swampy environment. The organic matter is immature and is capable of generating only gaseous hydrocarbons.
Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Genesis of Middle Riphean Phosphatic Carbonates, Tirohan Limestone (Lower Vindhyan Supergroup), Chitrakut Area, Central India
Authors: Kumar S.
Published: November 2024

In the Tirohan Limestone (Formation), collophane is associated with stromatolite-bearing horizon near Janaki Kund, Chitrakut area, Madhya Pradesh. It occurs as pellets, stromatolite laminae and as an envelope around stromatolites. The collophane is identified as carbonate fluorapatite which is confirmed by cell dimensions with a (Å) = 9.3638 and c (Å)= 6.8934. The C02 content is 1.80%, d13C (organic), value for collophane is -21.99 PDB. The apatite does not show any correlation with any major or minor elements except with Ca with which it has poor positive correlation. It is envisaged that the apatite must have been formed on the stromatolite surfaces below sedirnent/water interface by the activity of microorganisms dominated by sessile bacteria.
Re-Os Dating of Molybdenites from Southern India: Implication for Pan-African Metallogeny
Authors: Santosh M. , Suzuki Katsuhiko , Masuda Akimasa
Published: November 2024

Rhenium-Osmium (Re-Os) dating of two molybdenite samples from the alkali granite and pegmatite of Ambalavayal in northern Kerala (S. India) yielded ages of 567±28 Ma and 566±77 Ma, respectively. These ages closely compare with the previously determined Rb-Sr whole rock age of 595±20 Ma Rb-Sr for granite, and K-Ar biotite age of 560±30 Ma for the pegmatite.

Our study provides the first direct determination of the timing of ore mineralization associated with felsic magmatism in southern India, and reveals the fingerprints of a prominent Pan-African metallogenic event. This timing coincides with the formation of rare metal and gemstone-bearing pegmatites in different parts of southern India, Sri Lanka, Madagascar and East Antarctica. In most cases, the mineralizations are genetically related to felsic magmas emplaced along structural conduits, suggesting that the magmatism and metallogeny are related to deep-seated extension in the cratonized crustal segments of the Gondwana assembly.
Archaean High-Grade Gneiss Complex from Satnur-Halagur-Sivasamudram Areas, Karnataka, Southern India: Petrogenesis and Crustal Evolution
Authors: Mahabaleswar B. , Jayanand M. , Peucat J. J. , Shadakshasra Swamy N.
Published: November 2024

The high-grade gneiss complex of the Satnur-Halagur-Sivasamudram area in southern Karnataka forms a part of amphibolite-granulite facies transition zone of southern India. The major lithologies are metasediments (quartzites-pelites-BIF-Mn-horizons), amphibolite facies gneisses, foliated charnockites, mafic granulites, granite sheets (Closepet-type). All these lithologies show a prominent N-S fabric which appears to have been produced during late Archaean shear deformation. Rb-Srwhole rock isochron and U-Pb zircon and monazite ages suggest that much of the crust accreted during 2.96 Ga magmatic event followed by the 2.5 Ga granulite facies metamorphism; the occurrence of a previous high-grade metamorphism close to 2.9 Ga remains debatable.

Both gneisses and foliated charnockites show similar chemical characteristics except in LIL elements, which appear to have been disturbed during granulite metamorphism. Low Mg# (0.18-0.27), low content of HFS elements (Ti, Nb, Ta, Hf and Y) and strongly fractionated REE patterns with HREE depletion suggest that magmatic history of the gneisses and charnockites are similar to the classical Archaean trondhjemite, tonalite, granodiorite suites (TTG).

The geodynamic evolution of the Satnur-Halagur-Sivasamudram area implies a change in the thermal structure and melting conditions of lithosphere from 3.0 to 2.5 Ga. Following the model of Martin (1987), the magmatic protoliths of gneisses and charnockites could have been generated in an accretion zone (subduction-mantle plume ?)2.9 Ga ago, where young oceanic crust melted before dehydration. Granulite facies metamorphism occurred during latest Archaean: synchronous mantle derived melts tapped into mid-crustal levels along a major shear-zone where they induced migmatization (Closepet-type batholith; Jayananda et al. 1994) immediately followed by granulite metamorphism, related to a possible 2.5 Ga old mega-plume (Peucat et al. 1993b).
Preliminary U-Pb Zircon Ages of High-Grade Rocks in Southern Kerala, India
Authors: Soman K. , Narayanaswamy  , Van Schmus W. R.
Published: November 2024

South Kerala in southwestern India offers interesting khondalite-charnockite assemblages suitable for detailed multidisciplinary case studies on granulite petrogenesis. Arrested chamockite formation is also characteristic of the terrain. Absolute ages of the khondalites are poorly constrained; we have obtained limited U-Pb zircon data for various rock types of south Kerala khondalite belt. Zircons from khonddite sensu-stricto and garnet-biotite gneiss of possible sedimentary origin give a concordia upper-intercept apparent age of ca. 2200 Ma, suggesting that the khondalites contain detrital material that is atleast Early Proterozoic in age; the data yield a tower intercept apparent age of ca. 400-600 Ma, but it is not clear if this represents new zircon growth andepisodic Pb loss at that time (preferred) or is an artifact of norrnal diffusive loss of radiogenenic Pb. Zircons from retrograded granulitic gneisses have zircon upper-intercept apparent ages of ca. 1550 Ma, indicating either a younger protolith age or, more probably, greater radiogenic Pb loss during subsequent migmatite-grade metamorphism that caused retrogression of the granulite. Since all the zircon populations are complex, more detailed anaIyses will need to be pursued to resolve age relationships of these rocks with greater certainty. Monazite from a retrograded granulitic gneiss, yields a concordant age of ca. 520 Ma; this age is probably related to late Proterozoic-Early Cambrian regional thermal event in south Kerala and is correlative with a similar event in Sri Lanka.
Late Cenozoic - Quaternary Thermo-Tectonic History of Wigher Himalayan Crystalline (HHC) in Kishtwar- Padar-Zanskar region, NW Himalaya: Evidence from Fission Track Ages
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Lal Nand , Jain A. K. , Sorkhabi R. B.
Published: November 2024

Fission Track (m) ages of apatite and zircon from the Higher Himalayan Crystalline (HHC), SE - Jammu and Kashmiralong Chenab-Suru-Dodarivers and their tributaries provide constraints on the cooling (<250°C) and exhumation history of these rocks. FT ages of apatite/zircon versus the topographic elevations of the host samples from different traverses provide linear relationships, indicating differential and secular nature of exhumation in the Himalaya. The HHC belt is exhumedat a rate of about 0.27 mm/a during Middle to Late Miocene. However, regional exhumation rate near the base along the Main Central Thrust and in central parts of the HHC from FT apatite ages is faster upto 0.35 mm/a since Late Miocene. Exhumation has considerably slowed down to 0.11 mm/a along its northern boundary and 0.02 mm/a along the Zanskar Shear Zone. No apparent faster exhurnationis discernible either along thee MCT or the Zanskar ShearZone (ZSZ). On the other hand, three large fold structures namely the Suru Dome, the Chisoti Dome and the Kishtwaranti formal window have indicated very young and fast exhumation of 0.33 mm/a, 1.1 mm/a and 3.6 mm/a respectively during the last 1 to 5 Ma.
Fluid Inclusion Study of the Neoproterozoic Nagthat Siliciclastic Sediments, NW Kumaun Lesser Himalaya: Implications to Quartz Cementation History
Authors: Sachan Himanshu K. , Ghosh Sumit K.
Published: November 2024

The fluid inclusion study in quartz overgrowth in the siliciclastics of Neoproterozoic Nagthat Formation reveals that the quartz cementation took place in the range of 80°C to 130°C with a salinity range of 0.82 to 9.18 wt. % NaCl. The microthermometric data, combined with petrographic and geologic evidences pennitted to constrain the nature of cementing fluids and source of cement. The silica for quartz cementation was derived partly from both the internal source (quartz and feldspar dissolution) and external source (pore fluids). It can be further suggested that the quartz cementation in the lower stratigraphic level (near the Chandpur Formation) is mainly by marine water while in the upper stratigraphic level (near the Blaini Formation), meteoric water has played an important role for the same.
Systematic Review Protocol: Impact of Physical Exercise as an Adjuvant in Weight Loss Treatment Associated with Liraglutide Use v1
Authors: Lucas de Oliveira e Silva Ryan , Mariano Igor
Published: November 2024

The proposed systematic review aims to investigate the impact of physical exercise as an adjuvant in the treatment for weight loss in individuals using Liraglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist. Liraglutide has proven effective in weight control, and physical exercise is recognized for its health benefits and maintaining a negative energy balance. However, the effectiveness of combining these interventions is not fully understood. To address this, randomized clinical trials and non-randomized controlled studies assessing the interaction between Liraglutide and physical exercise programs (aerobic, resistance, or both) lasting at least 8 weeks will be analyzed. The focus will be on weight loss and improvements in metabolic markers (glycemia, lipid profile, and blood pressure). The research will be conducted in the databases PubMed, Embase, LILACS and WebOfScience, supplemented by manual searches and contact with authors when necessary. The study selection process will be conducted by two independent reviewers, following PRISMA criteria to ensure transparency. The risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s ROB 2.0 tool. The synthesis of results will include a qualitative analysis, and if possible, a meta-analysis will be performed to summarize the results.
Guide Cloning v1
Authors: Smith Nahum , Casadei Silvia
Published: November 2024

This protocol details the guide cloning.
https://revistas.udea.edu.co/index.php/iatreia/article/view/352049
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Javeriana,, Velosa-Porras Juliana , Rodríguez-Malagón Nelcy ,   Pontificia Universidad Javeriana,
Published: November 2024

Introducción: los determinantes de la salud bucal juegan un rol importante en el desarrollo de enfermedades orales y han sido poco estudiados en gestantes. Objetivos: identificar los determinantes sociales de la salud bucal en un grupo de gestantes colombianas. Materiales y métodos: se empleó un diseño mixto, con 1048 gestantes participando en el estudio de corte transversal y otras 24 gestantes participando en entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se determinaron los determinantes sociales de la salud bucal e indagó por las percepciones, conocimientos y prácticas en salud bucal. Las dos estrategias metodológicas se vincularon con base en tres alternativas: convergencia; complementariedad y divergencia. Resultados: el estudio cuantitativo mostró que las gestantes con más de 12 años de estudios mencionaron con más frecuencia que el motivo de consulta odontológica fue por remisión en el control prenatal. Sin embargo, el estudio cualitativo encontró que el motivo de consulta citado más frecuente fue debido a estar en tratamiento. Conclusiones: los determinantes sociales de la salud bucal identificados en este estudio fueron los ingresos mensuales del hogar y el nivel educativo, los cuales influyen directamente en el motivo de consulta odontológica, las percepciones, conocimientos y prácticas en salud bucal de las gestantes.
Modeling the Dynamics of Blood Circulation in the Autonomous Cardiopulmonary Complex
Authors: Medvedev A.E. , Erokhin A.D. , Prikhodko Y.M. , Zhulkov M.O.
Published: November 2024

The paper describes the development of computer modelling of hemodynamic systems, which helps to better understand physiology and to move from real experiments to simulation models. Using the object-oriented environment Modelica, an accurate model of the system "heart + lungs" was created. The performed numerical simulation confirmed the adequacy of the model and its applicability for more complex haemodynamic studies. Mathematical modelling of the "heart + lungs" system was carried out to create a digital twin. The main requirements to the model: reproduction of experimental data on animals and prediction of results in a wide range of parameters. The Modelica environment was used to create a circulatory model based on the quasi one-dimensional approximation. The modelling confirmed the adequacy of the digital twin for the key parameters of pressure and heart rate. The simulation results of two experiments showed good agreement with real data, which confirms the applicability of the model for complex haemodynamic problems.
Reactive changes in dental tissues in response to curing light exposure: An experimental study
Authors: Shashmurina Victoria R. , Kiselev Valery M. , Grishenkova Liudmila N. , Novikov Alexandr S.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: The use of curing lamps has considerably improved the quality of dental treatment. Curing light exposure protocols are primarily based on the effectiveness (completeness) of cure. The risk of heat impact on the dental pulp and surrounding tissues is a downside of curing light radiation. There is a need for experimental confirmation of differentiated selection of curing light exposure protocols (intensity and time of exposure) in terms of minimum impact on tissues.
AIM: To assess the effect of curing light on dental tissues.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: An experimental simulation of the use of curing light in dental practice during dental restoration was performed. The experiment was performed in 50 rats randomized into four groups: Group 1 (control, n=5) and Groups 2–4 (treatment, n=15 each). The control group was not exposed to curing light. In the treatment groups, mandibular incisors of the experimental animals were exposed to curing light in three modes. The animals were sacrificed by decapitation after 7 days in Group 1 and after 1, 3, and 7 days in Groups 2–4. A total of 100 teeth were extracted for pathomorphological examination. A total of 320 histological sections (enamel, dentin, and pulp slides) were prepared, stained, and examined. The descriptive method was used to assess the findings.
RESULTS: Changes in the pulp showed pathomorphological signs of acute inflammation, most prominent on Day 3, which was considered a defense response of the pulp to irritation. The microvasculature showed the most significant changes, with increased, inhomogeneous blood filling, plasmorrhagia of capillary walls, and stasis in capillary lumen. There were no morphological changes in hard dental tissues.
The initial response of the dental pulp to curing light exposure in experimental animals was uniform and unaffected by the technical specifications of curing lamps. On Day 7, there was no morphological response in the pulp when exposed to diode light at 1,000 and 1,400 mW/cm2. At this point, the microscopic appearance of the pulp exposed to diode curing light at 3,200 mW/cm2 was generally comparable to that at baseline, with residual perivascular cellular infiltration of the stroma and capillary congestion.
CONCLUSION: The experimental findings indicate a risk of negative photochemical reactions in the pulp following curing light exposure during treatment of patients with hard dental tissue pathologies. The data on the effect of curing light on the dental pulp can be used in real-world dental practice when selecting a composite curing algorithm during dental restoration to reduce the risk of unexpected reactions to curing light.
Esbâb-I Nüzûlü Tespit Konusunda Tefsir Kaynaklarında Karşılaşılan Problemler
Authors: Gamga Mustafa Oktay
Published: November 2024

Bu çalışma esbâb-ı nüzûlü tespit konusunda usûl kaynaklarında belirtilen kurallarla uyuşmayan problemli durumları ve literatürde tespit edilen hatalı uygulamaları kapsamaktadır. Usûl âlimleri nüzûl sebepleriyle ilgili rivâyetlerin sıhhatini tespit konusunda âyetlerin doğru anlamlandırılabilmesi için mümkün mertebe genel geçer kriterlerin tespitine çalışmışlardır. Bunun için de rivâyetlerde geçen ibare odaklı bazı usûl kâideleri belirlenmiştir. Ancak bu kuralların tefsir literatüründe birebir geçerliliğinin olmadığını, müfessirlerin çoğu zaman rivâyetlerde nüzûl sebebine esas teşkil eden ifadeyi tefsir, tefsire işaret eden ifadeyi kesin sebep olarak değerlendirdiklerini müşahade ettik. Muhaddislerin hadislerin sıhhati için aradıkları genel şartlar esbâb-ı nüzûl rivâyetlerinde de gerekli sayılmıştır. Ancak bir âyetin nüzûl sebebi olarak literatürde çok fazla rivâyetin nakledilmiş olması içinden çıkılması zor problemleri beraberinde getirmektedir. Ancak âyetin nüzûl vasatında gerçekleşen vâkıayla uyumlu rivâyetin tespiti ve âyetin doğru anlamlandırılabilmesi için bu problemin çözümü de büyük önem taşımaktadır. Zayıf değerde pek çok rivâyetin aslında âyetin siyâk ve sibâkıyla oldukça uyumlu olduğu ama daha sahih olan rivâyetin siyâk ve sibâkla uyumlu olmadığı görülmüştür. Bu nedenle esbâb-ı nüzûlü tespitte hadis kriteri yöntemleriyle tefsir rivâyetlerinin eleştiriye tâbi tutularak sonuca ulaşmaya çalışmanın her zaman doğru ve geçerli bir metod olmadığı anlaşılmıştır. Bu çalışma süresince vâkıayla uyumlu esbâb-ı nüzûlün tespiti için genel kabul gören esbâb-ı nüzûl kaynakları yanı sıra hadis, siyer ve tefsir külliyatı dönemlere göre genel olarak taranmış, literatürde usûl kaynaklarında belirtilen kriterlerin uygulanmasında karşılaşılan problemler ve usûle uymayan farklı uygulamalar tespit edilmiştir. Yapılacak olan çalışmalarda tefsir literatüründe karşılaşılan bu problemler göz önünde bulundurularak yol izlemenin, kanaat oluşturmada etkili olacağı ve daha isabetli sonuçlara ulaştıracağı önem arz etmektedir.
Ion-Acoustic Wave Dynamics in a Two-Fluid Plasma
Authors:   , Kelting Emily Kay , Wright Jay Douglas
Published: November 2024

Plasma is a medium filled with free electrons and positive ions. Each particle acts as a conducting fluid with a single velocity and temperature when electromagnetic fields are present. This distinction between the roles played by electrons and ions is what we refer to as the two-fluid description of plasma. In this talk, we investigate the dynamics of these particles in both hot and cold plasma using a collisionless "Euler-Poisson" system. Employing analytical and computational techniques from differential equations, we show this system is governed by the dynamics of the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation in the long-wavelength limit and possesses solitary wave solutions.
The potential of insecticides and genetically modified soybean in the control of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Schmaedecke Vítor , Barreto Da Costa Hoffmann Cristiano , Maurer Talison Roberto , Sartori Suzana-Milan Crislaine
Published: November 2024

Brazil is the largest soybean producer in the world, and soybean is the most important crop in the country. The use of genetically modified soybean expressing Bt proteins represents a significant milestone in insect pest management in this crop. However, the isolated use of these biotechnologies is not sufficient to control Spodoptera frugiperda larvae, thus the use of insecticides in seed treatment becomes essential. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of controlling S. frugiperda larvae through insecticides applied to seeds and different biotechnologies in soybean cultivation. The experiments were conducted in a laboratory, following a completely randomized block design in a factorial scheme with twelve treatments, consisting of combinations of soybean cultivars and insecticides in seed treatment. The mortality and foliar consumption of first and third instar S. frugiperda larvae were evaluated. Based on our studies, it was possible to verify that ciantraniliprole is an excellent molecule for controlling first and third instar S. frugiperda larvae. The biotechnology Intacta 2 Xtend, Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2/Cry1Ac, and the insecticide ciantraniliprole protected soybean against damage caused by S. frugiperda larvae.
Çukurova Bölgesi Turunçgil Üretim Alanlarında Citrus Yellow Vein Clearing Virus (CYVCV; Potexvirus citriflavivenae)’ünün Araştırılması ve İzolatlar Arası Benzerlik Oranlarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: Onelge Nuket , Fidancı Avcı Saime Büşra , Kazak Merve
Published: November 2024

Citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV; Potexvirus citriflavivenae) dünyada ilk kez Pakistan’da ardından Hindistan’da tespit edilmiştir. Türkiye’de ise 2000’li yıllarda bu hastalığın varlığı yeni bir turunçgil viral etmeni olarak bildirilmiştir. Bu dönemde virüsün ilk belirlendiği il olan Adana ilinde eradikasyon işlemi gerçekleştirilerek enfekteli ağaçlar kesilmiştir. CYVCV’nin tek sarmal pozitif RNA yapısında olduğu 2012 yılında ortaya konmuştur. CYVCV'nin Çukurova Bölgesi’ndeki durumunu araştırmak, etmenin enfeksiyon durumunu belirlemek ve izolatlar arasındaki farklılığı moleküler olarak saptamak amacıyla bu çalışma yürütülmüştür. Sörvey çalışmaları 2016-2022 yılları arasında Hatay, Adana ve Mersin illerini kapsayacak şekilde güdümlü sörvey çalışması olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma başta limon olmak üzere portakal, greyfurt ve turunç çeşitlerini kapsamıştır. Toplamda 150 turunçgil bahçesi ve 10 farklı fidan üretim alanında CYVCV’nin varlığına bakılmış ve 100 örnek RT-PCR yöntemiyle testlenmiştir. Örneklerin toplanması etmenin karakteristik yaprak simptomları göz önüne alınarak yapılmıştır. Alınan örneklerden TNA ekstraksiyonu CTAB tampon kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. RT-PCR çalışmaları sonucunda elde edilen amplifikonlar sekans analizine gönderilmiş, elde edilen baz dizilimleri NCBI veri tabanında BLAST metoduyla seçilen kayıtlı CYVCV izolatları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Toplamda 35 örneğin CYVCV ile enfekteli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Enfekteli olarak belirlenen bu örneklere eradikasyon işlemi uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda izolatların benzerlik oranlarının yüksek olduğu (%97-99.8) tespit edilmiştir.
Evaluar para avanzar: resultados de una estrategia nacional de evaluación formativa
Authors: Gómez Serrano María Camila , Parra Niño Lobsang Braghi , Márquez Sara
Published: November 2024

Evaluar para Avanzar 3.o a 11.o is an initiative of the Colombian national government for supporting teaching and learning in primary, secondary and high school level, through a set of tools for formative assessment. We present the results of a study intended to identify the results of the implementation of Evaluar para Avanzar during the years 2020 and 2021. For this, we approximate the perception and experiences of the teachers, school principals and students through focal groups and interviews, whose analysis reveals the need to improve the appropriation of the objectives of the strategy and the use of the tools it offers, so that it fulfills its purpose of contributing to the improvement of pedagogical strategies based on the monitoring of students’ learning, their emotional needs and those of their environment; impacting educational quality in the long term.
Wspomnienia związane z jubileuszem 25-lecia Koła Naukowego Studentów Biotechnologii "Operon" przy Uniwersytecie Przyrodniczym w Poznaniu
Authors: Rurek Michał
Published: November 2024

Wspomnienia związane z jubileuszem 25-lecia
Koła Naukowego Studentów Biotechnologii "Operon"
przy Uniwersytecie Przyrodniczym w Poznaniu