bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Information about first‐trimester screening and self‐reported distress among pregnant women and partners – comparing two methods of information giving in Sweden
Authors: Lindgren Peter , Stadin Magdalena , Blomberg Inger , Nordin Karin , Sahlgren Hanna , Ingvoldstad Malmgren Charlotta
Published: July 2017

Introduction

Balanced information before prenatal diagnosis (PND) aims to help expectant parents to make an informed choice. However, it is important that the information does not increase the expectant parents’ psychological distress. The aim was to examine psychological distress among expectant parents, before and after receiving information about PND, to evaluate the possible differences between two different procedures of information giving, and to evaluate the association between satisfaction with the information and psychological distress.

Material and methods

A longitudinal design, based on questionnaire data from 380 expectant parents from four counties in Sweden. The measurement points; T1, before the information about PND was given and T2, 2 weeks after the prenatal screening or 15 weeks of gestation. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Swedish version of the Cambridge Worrying Scale (CWS) measured psychological distress. The Satisfaction with Genetic Counseling Scale (SCS) measured satisfaction with information about PND.

Results

The rate of psychological distress was stable among the pregnant women, but decreased among their partners, after the information was received. General anxiety and the social–medical dimension of pregnancy‐related worry decreased among the participants who received information, using the more distinct two‐stage process (group A), but was unchanged in group B (less distinct two‐stage process). Health‐related worry decreased in both groups, whereas relational worry and level of depressive symptoms were unchanged in both groups.

Conclusion

Information about PND does not increase the psychological distress among expectant parents. A more distinct two‐stage process of information giving might even decrease their anxiety.
In Vitro Evaluation of an Immediate Response Starling‐Like Controller for Dual Rotary Blood Pumps
Authors: Stephens Andrew F. , Stevens Michael C. , Gregory Shaun D. , Kleinheyer Matthias , Salamonsen Robert F.
Published: July 2017

Rotary ventricular assist devices (VADs) are used to provide mechanical circulatory support. However, their lack of preload sensitivity in constant speed control mode (CSC) may result in ventricular suction or venous congestion. This is particularly true of biventricular support, where the native flow‐balancing Starling response of both ventricles is diminished. It is possible to model the Starling response of the ventricles using cardiac output and venous return curves. With this model, we can create a Starling‐like physiological controller (SLC) for VADs which can automatically balance cardiac output in the presence of perturbations to the circulation. The comparison between CSC and SLC of dual HeartWare HVADs using a mock circulation loop to simulate biventricular heart failure has been reported. Four changes in cardiovascular state were simulated to test the controller, including a 700
reduction in circulating fluid volume, a total loss of left and right ventricular contractility, reduction in systemic vascular resistance (
) from 1300 to 600
, and an elevation in pulmonary vascular resistance (
) from 100 to 300
. SLC maintained the left and right ventricular volumes between 69–214
and 29–182
respectively, for all tests, preventing ventricular suction (ventricular volume = 0
) and venous congestion (atrial pressures > 20
). Cardiac output was maintained at sufficient levels by the SLC, with systemic and pulmonary flow rates maintained above 3.14
for all tests. With the CSC, left ventricular suction occurred during reductions in SVR, elevations in PVR, and reduction in circulating fluid simulations. These results demonstrate a need for a physiological control system and provide adequate in vitro validation of the immediate response of a SLC for biventricular support.
Comparing social group identifications and socioeconomic deprivation as predictors of psychological distress: Evidence from a Scottish primary care sample
Authors: Cientanni Fabia , Power Kevin , Sani Fabio , Wright Christopher , Baty Frances , Hustings Kerry , Morgan David , Tanner Gary
Published: July 2017

Social group identification and socioeconomic deprivation have both been linked to self‐reported depressive symptoms in general population samples; however, no study to date has explored the strength of the joint predictive value of these factors within a mental health population. The current study explored the impact of social group identifications and socioeconomic deprivation, together with important clinical and demographic variables, on psychological distress in a Scottish mental health sample. Participants (N = 976) were recruited from referrals to a computerized cognitive behavioural therapy (cCBT) programme in Scotland, ‘Beating the Blues’ (BtB) over a 25‐month period. Participants completed the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure (CORE‐OM) as a measure of psychological distress and three versions of the group identifications scale (GIS), one for each of three groups: family, community, and a social group of choice. Demographic information and clinical information were collected on commencing BtB. Higher numbers of group identifications were significantly associated with lower psychological distress. Additionally, increased socioeconomic deprivation was significantly associated with more severe psychological distress; however, interestingly, the association was not as strong as that of group identifications. Identifying with fewer social groups predicts more severe psychological symptom presentations, even more so than living in a greater state of socioeconomic deprivation.
Effectiveness of life skills education and psychoeducation on emotional and behavioral problems among adolescents in institutional care in Kenya: a longitudinal study
Authors: Mutiso Victoria , Tele Albert , Musyimi Christine , Gitonga Isaiah , Musau Abednego , Ndetei David
Published: July 2017

Background

This study aimed to test the effectiveness of life skills education (LSE) and psychoeducation in the reduction of Youth Self Report (YSR) scores on institutionalized children using structured activities supported by trained facilitators. LSE involved participation of children in life skills activities to support development of key psychosocial competencies and interpersonal skills.

Methods

The study included 630 children from three institutions. Of these, 171 were in the Intervention Group 1 (life skills education and psychoeducation), 162 were in the Intervention Group 2 (psychoeducation only), and 297 children were in the control group. A researcher‐developed socio‐demographic questionnaire and the YSR were used. Baseline assessments were conducted before the interventions and again at 3, 6, and 9 months. Differences between the two intervention groups and the control group were investigated using least squares linear regression.

Results

There was a statistically significant reduction in scores in internalizing, externalizing, and total problem scores in both intervention arms (p < .05) compared with the control arm at 3 months. At 6 months, no significant differences were found between the intervention Group 1 and control group for internalizing score (p = .594); however, there were significant differences in both intervention groups for both externalizing and total problem scores (p < .05). At 9 months, significant differences were observed between control and both intervention groups for externalizing scores; total problems for Intervention Group 1.

Conclusions

A combination of Life Skills Education and psychoeducation is effective in reducing emotional and behavioral problems in institutionalized children.
Screening of curcumin‐derived isoxazole, pyrazoles, and pyrimidines for their anti‐inflammatory, antinociceptive, and cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibition
Authors: Ahmed Mahmood , Qadir Muhammad Abdul , Hameed Abdul , Imran Muhammad , Muddassar Muhammad
Published: July 2017

Curcumin has shown pharmacological properties against different phenotypes of various disease models. Different synthetic routes have been employed to develop its numerous derivatives for diverse and improved therapeutic roles. In this study, we have synthesized curcumin derivatives containing isoxazole, pyrazoles, and pyrimidines and then the synthesized molecules were evaluated for their anti‐inflammatory and antinociceptive activities in experimental animal models. Acute toxicity of synthesized molecules was evaluated in albino mice by oral administration. Any behavioral and neurological changes were observed at dose of 10 mg/kg body weight. Additionally, cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) enzyme inhibition studies were performed through in vitro assays. In vivo anti‐inflammatory studies showed that curcumin with pyrimidines was the most potent anti‐inflammatory agent which inhibited induced edema from 74.7% to 75.9%. Compounds 7, 9, and 12 exhibited relatively higher prevention of writhing episodes than any other compound with antinociceptive activity of 73.2%, 74.9%, and 71.8%, respectively. This was better than diclofenac sodium (reference drug, 67.1% inhibition). Similarly, COX‐2 in vitro inhibition assays results revealed that compound 12 (75.3% inhibition) was the most potent compound. Molecular docking studies of 10, 11, and 12 compounds in human COX‐2 binding site revealed the similar binding modes as that of other COX‐2‐selective inhibitors.
Intellectual property protection and development: The case of sustainable sea transport in Pacific Island countries
Authors: Forsyth Miranda
Published: July 2017

This paper is concerned with the impact of intellectual property laws on development in small island developing states. Much of the literature on intellectual property and development proceeds on the basis that there is only one model of each, namely the global model of intellectual property underpinned by the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and a neoliberal development framework. This paper argues, conversely, that there are multiple models of both. Exposing this plurality should enable a far more creative approach to intellectual property policy, particularly in countries whose levels of technological development and social structures are very different to those in the global North. This argument is explored through focusing on the example of sea transport.
ENTERTAINING MALTHUS: BREAD, CIRCUSES, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
Authors: Dutta Rohan , Levine David K. , Papageorge Nicholas W. , Wu Lemin
Published: July 2017

Motivated by the basic adage that man does not live by bread alone, we offer a theory of historical economic growth and population dynamics where human beings need food to survive, but enjoy other things, too. Our model imposes a Malthusian constraint on food, but introduces a second good to the analysis that affects living standards without affecting population growth. We show that technological change does a good job explaining historical consumption patterns and population dynamics, including the Neolithic Revolution, the Industrial Revolution, and the Great Divergence. Our theory stands in contrast to models that assume a single composite good and a Malthusian constraint. These models generate negligible growth prior to the Industrial Revolution. However, recent revisions to historical data show that historical living standards—though obviously much lower than today's—varied over time and space much more than previously thought. These revisions include updates to Maddison's dataset, which served as the basis for many papers taking long‐run stagnation as a point of departure. This new evidence suggests that the assumption of long‐run stagnation is problematic. Our model shows that when we give theoretical accounting of these new observations the Industrial Revolution is much less puzzling. (JELB10, I31, J1, N1, O30)
Irreversible transfer of brood care duties and insights into the burden of caregiving in incipient subterranean termite colonies
Authors: CHOUVENC THOMAS , SU NAN‐YAO
Published: July 2017

1. In incipient termite colonies, biparental brood care rapidly shifts towards alloparental brood care. This transition was suggested to recapitulate the evolutionary trajectory from subsocial wood roach ancestors to eusociality in termites.

2. Incipient colonies of the subterranean termite Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) were investigated to determine if this transition was irreversible and if the burden of brood care on the first alloparents could be measured. To do so, the initial size of the work force necessary for an incipient colony to survive once the brood care became alloparental was determined.

3. The results of the study show that within 5 months after foundation, brood care duties were fully transferred to workers and the primary reproductives became irreversibly dependent on these workers for survival, reproduction, and colony growth.

4. Once the brood care became strictly alloparental, the presence of a single worker was enough to maintain the survival of the king and queen, confirming that ‘reversed parental care’ was also achieved. However, major brood loss and suppressed egg‐laying activity from the queen was observed, suggesting that the burden of brood care was too high for a single worker to absorb. Therefore, once brood care has shifted to alloparents, a critical number of workers is necessary to prevent brood loss and initiate colony growth.

5. As the initial cost of brood care is rapidly absorbed with colony growth in termites, the performance in brood care of the first few alloparents in a subsocial wood roach ancestor may have contributed to the emergence of eusociality in this clade.
Abnormal fronto‐parietal white matter organisation in the superior longitudinal fasciculus branches in autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Fitzgerald Jacqueline , Leemans Alexander , Kehoe Elizabeth , O'Hanlon Erik , Gallagher Louise , McGrath Jane
Published: July 2017

Core features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be underpinned by disrupted functional and structural neural connectivity. Abnormal fronto‐parietal functional connectivity has been widely reported in the literature; this may be underpinned by disrupted microstructural organisation of white matter. The superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) is a major fronto‐parietal white matter tract, the structure of which has been little studied in ASD. The fronto‐parietal projections of this tract (SLF I, II and III) are thought to play an important role in a number of cognitive functions including attention and visuospatial processing. To date, the isolation of the fronto‐parietal branches of the SLF has been hampered by limitations of traditional tractography approaches. Constrained spherical deconvolution (CSD)‐based tractography is an advanced approach that allows valid isolation of the fronto‐parietal branches of the SLF. Diffusion MRI data were acquired from 45 participants with ASD and 45 age‐ and IQ‐matched controls. The SLF I, II and III branches were isolated using CSD‐based tractography in ExploreDTI. Significantly greater fractional anisotropy (FA) was observed in the right SLF II relative to controls. The ASD group also showed greater linear diffusion coefficient in the left SLF I and the right SLF II. In the SLF II, the ASD group had significantly greater right lateralisation of FA in comparison with the control group. The clinical and functional implications of increased FA in white matter are poorly understood; however, it is possible that this increased white matter organisation in the SLF in ASD may contribute to relative processing advantages in the condition.
Bilateral lesions of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus disrupt nursing behavior in rabbits
Authors: Domínguez Miguel , Aguilar‐Roblero Raúl , González‐Mariscal Gabriela
Published: July 2017

Doe rabbits nurse the litter only once a day, for around 3 min, with circa 24‐h periodicity. To explore the participation of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in regulating this behavior, we lesioned it bilaterally with kainic acid on lactation day 7. Bilateral lesions, comprising less than 50% of the total PVN volume, abolished nursing behavior (4/8 does) or severely disrupted its normal periodicity (4/8 does). In the latter case, duration of nursing bouts was normal. Body weight, food and water intake were not significantly affected by bilateral PVN lesions. Unilateral lesions of the PVN or lesions located outside this nucleus did not significantly alter nursing periodicity or any other behavioral parameter. Results indicate an important role of the PVN for (i) maintaining maternal behavior, and (ii) the periodic display of nursing across lactation in rabbits.
New insights into naevoid melanomas: a clinicopathological reassessment
Authors: Cook Martin G , Massi Daniela , Blokx Willeke A M , Van den Oord Joost , Koljenović Senada , De Giorgi Vincenzo , Kissin Eleanor , Grant Megan , Mandal Amit , Gremel Gabriela , Gaudy Caroline , Viros Amaya , Dhomen Nathalie , Khosrotehrani Kiarash , Marais Richard , Green Adele C , Mihm Martin C
Published: July 2017

Aims

Because the term ‘naevoid melanoma’ has variable clinical and pathological interpretations, we aimed to clarify the features of melanomas referred to as naevoid.

Methods and results

A review was undertaken of 102 melanomas diagnosed histopathologically as naevoid melanomas and ascertained by European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Melanoma Group Subcommittee pathologists from their records. We found these could be classified morphologically into three groups. Thirteen melanomas were overlying genuine naevi and were therefore excluded. Of the 89 melanomas considered to be naevoid, 11 presented clinically as exophytic papillomatous nodules with little junctional component and composed of small atypical cells showing numerous mitoses and no change with depth; we termed these ‘papillomatous naevoid’ melanomas. The other 78 were flat or only slightly raised, and had a superficial spreading melanoma‐like component with maturation to a small cell, but still an atypical, dermal component; we termed these ‘maturing naevoid’ melanomas. We showed that papillomatous and maturing naevoid melanomas also have differing immunochemical profiles. Preliminary clinical follow‐up suggested different outcomes for these two naevoid melanoma types.

Conclusions

Melanomas that have been classified as naevoid melanomas comprise two types with distinct clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical features that may also be prognostically significant.
Synthesis and luminescent properties of Sr4−xSi3O8Cl4: xEu3+ red phosphor by hydrothermal method
Authors: Wei Zhiren , Zheng Kun , Hou Tengxuan , Wang Ruiqi , Wen Zhe , Wang Boyu , Li Xu , Guan Li , Yang Zhiping , Teng Feng
Published: July 2017

Sr4‐xSi3O8Cl4:xEu3+ (SSOC:Eu3+) phosphors were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. The crystallization of this phosphor was analyzed by means of X‐ray diffraction patterns. The size and morphology were recorded using SEM patterns of samples. And the PLE and PL spectra were characterized by a PL spectrophotometer. Excited by 394 nm UV light, the intense red emission is recognized in SSOC:Eu3+ phosphor and the main emission peak located at 620 nm. The influences of Eu3+ concentration, pH value of reaction solution, and charge compensator on PL spectra of SSOC:Eu3+ phosphors were investigated. The results revealed that this red phosphor had potential applications for white LEDs.
Characteristics of food‐wasting consumers in the Czech Republic
Authors: Filipová Alena , Mokrejšová Veronika , Šulc Zdeněk , Zeman Jiří
Published: July 2017

This paper investigates food waste at the consumer stage of the food chain. The authors conducted a questionnaire survey with 259 respondents to identify the key characteristics of food‐wasting consumers and to suggest strategies to improve food‐wasting behaviour. The results of the survey confirmed that the rate at which food is wasted depends on the age, economic status and education of the person managing food in a household, on the household's income per person and on total household income. Younger people, students, economically active people and people from higher‐income households (both per household and per person) waste more, while pensioners waste much less than other groups. However, the sex of the food manager is not associated with food waste. These demographic characteristics should be considered when designing consumer education campaigns focussed on changing consumer motivation and behaviour. This paper also recommends other solutions tailored for specific demographic groups: Younger people and students may be influenced by the actions of opinion leaders within social networks, and technical devices enabling better food management could help them reduce waste. Supporting work‐life balance, broadening the network of food delivery services and implementing corporate initiatives that support food waste prevention could help economically active people reduce their food waste. Additionally, offers of ready‐to‐eat food should be expanded for people with higher incomes.
American cutaneous leishmaniasis in infancy and childhood
Authors: Paniz‐Mondolfi Alberto E. , Talhari Carolina , García Bustos María F , Rosales Tamara , Villamil‐Gomez Wilmer E. , Marquez Marilianna , Pérez Alvarez Alexandra M. , Tálamo Sánchez Alejandra I. , Rodriguez‐Morales Alfonso J.
Published: July 2017

Infant and young child skin diseases are among the most common features of morbidity throughout the tropics. Because the skin is directly exposed to the environment, it is considerably affected by climatic and local conditions such as vectors and microorganisms, as in the case of leishmaniasis. In America the observed magnitude of cutaneous leishmaniasis in children has led to the study of increased risk of exposure of this group due to the possibility of peri‐ and intradomiciliary transmission. The present review pretends to make a concrete approach all through the broad and main figures of this parasitic disease, including the clinical, physiopathological, epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects, in order to be used as a practical source of reference for pediatricians leading with tropical cutaneous pathology in the region.
Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in urology: A review
Authors: Saluja Manmeet , Gilling Peter
Published: July 2017

Venous thromboembolism is potentially a lethal problem, and is associated with chronic morbidity. Venous thromboembolism is frequently diagnosed after urological surgery, yet the role of perioperative venous thromboembolism prophylaxis is not clearly defined. Any current recommendations are largely based on evidence derived from other surgical specialties. Even within different guidelines, there remains significant variation, suggesting a consensus is required. The present review aims to define the problem of venous thromboembolism within the urological population, and identifies patients at risk. It evaluates the role of various types of mechanical and pharmacological prophylaxis, along with its timing and duration of administration in common urological operations. The current guidelines are summarized and compared in order to give the reader a better perspective of this vital condition.
Organizing effects of adverse early‐life condition on body mass, compensatory growth and reproduction: experimental studies in rock pigeons
Authors: Hsu Bin‐Yan , Dijkstra Cor , Groothuis Ton G. G.
Published: July 2017

Early‐life food conditions can have profound impact on adult behavioural performance. In song birds, early‐life food conditions affect adult physiology and cognitive performance such as song learning and spatial learning. However, effects on reproductive behaviour other than song, such as visual courtship display, pair formation, and egg laying, which are all important determinants of fitness, received hardly any attention. In this study, rock pigeons Columba livia were raised either in a food ad‐libitum or at impoverished (quality) and restricted (quantity) food conditions, in which the latter was applied for either 26 or 8 d after hatching and in slightly different severity. Their growth and reproductive behaviour in adulthood was analysed under semi‐natural conditions. Impoverished and restricted food (IRF) negatively affected adult body mass, pair‐bonding behaviour, courtship (males) and being courted (females), and induced incomplete compensatory growth. Further analyses suggest that the effects of IRF on behaviour could result from the strong effects on body mass, and perhaps also from detrimental effects of compensatory growth. These results provide evidence that adverse early‐life condition can negatively impact on reproductive success, as suggested by the significant effect on egg production, which will very likely lead to a lower life‐time fitness. The detrimental effects on male courtship indicate that IRF can affect sexual displays via other pathways than by impaired cognition as has been suggested for bird song, since courtship in the pigeons is not learned.
Serum γ‐glutamyltransferase level and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Park Jae‐Min , Lee Jee‐Yon , Lee Duk‐Chul , Lee Yong‐Jae
Published: July 2017

Aims/Introduction

Serum γ‐glutamyltransferase (GGT) is positively related to cardiometabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and metabolic syndrome (MetS), in adult populations. Our aim was to investigate whether serum GGT is independently associated with MetS and its components in a nationally representative sample of Korean children and adolescents.

Materials and Methods

The study included data from 1,618 participants (867 boys, 751 girls) aged 10–18 years from the 2010–2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. MetS was diagnosed by the 2007 International Diabetes Federation criteria for children and adolescents. Participants were stratified using a cut‐off value of the 75th percentile of serum GGT levels (19 IU/L for boys, 15 IU/L for girls). The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for MetS and its components were determined with multiple logistic regression analyses.

Results

The mean values of most cardiometabolic variables were significantly higher in the upper stratum. Except for low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in boys and elevated blood pressure in girls, participants in the upper GGT stratum had significantly higher odds of MetS and its components than those in the lower stratum. The multivariate‐adjusted odds ratios for MetS for the upper stratum were 5.79 (95% confidence interval 1.21–27.02) in boys and 6.20 (95% confidence interval 1.71–22.47) in girls, after adjusting for age, household income and residential area.

Conclusions

Serum GGT was positively associated with MetS and its components in Korean children and adolescents. Serum GGT could be a useful measure for identifying children and adolescents with MetS.
The magic of the new: How job changes affect job satisfaction
Authors: Chadi Adrian , Hetschko Clemens
Published: July 2017

We investigate a crucial event for job satisfaction: changing one's workplace. For representative German panel data, we show that the reason why the previous employment ended is strongly linked to satisfaction with the new job. Workers initiating a change of employer experience extraordinarily high job satisfaction, though in the short term only. To investigate causality, we exploit the event of plant closure as an exogenous trigger of job switching. In this case, we find no significantly positive effect of job changes on job satisfaction. Our findings complement research on workers’ well‐being and concern labor market policies and human resource management.
Models for discovery of targeted therapy in genetic epileptic encephalopathies
Authors: Maljevic Snezana , Reid Christopher A. , Petrou Steven
Published: July 2017

Epileptic encephalopathies are severe disorders emerging in the first days to years of life that commonly include refractory seizures, various types of movement disorders, and different levels of developmental delay. In recent years, many de novo occurring variants have been identified in individuals with these devastating disorders. To unravel disease mechanisms, the functional impact of detected variants associated with epileptic encephalopathies is investigated in a range of cellular and animal models. This review addresses efforts to advance and use such models to identify specific molecular and cellular targets for the development of novel therapies. We focus on ion channels as the best‐studied group of epilepsy genes. Given the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of epileptic encephalopathy disorders, experimental models that can reflect this complexity are critical for the development of disease mechanisms‐based targeted therapy. The convergence of technological advances in gene sequencing, stem cell biology, genome editing, and high throughput functional screening together with massive unmet clinical needs provides unprecedented opportunities and imperatives for precision medicine in epileptic encephalopathies.

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A review of available laser and intense light source home devices: A dermatologist's perspective
Authors: Juhász Margit LW , Levin Melissa K , Marmur Ellen S
Published: July 2017

Background

Home optical devices are becoming an increasingly popular treatment modality sought out by patients for dermatologic pathologies such as acne, hair removal and anti‐aging, as these devices are a low‐cost and convenient therapy choice.

Methods

An Internet search using PubMed.gov was completed with search terms, “home device dermatology,” “home device acne,” “home device hair” or “hair removal,” and “home device aging.”

Results

Currently, there are multiple home optical devices available on the market. These devices have been approved for the treatment of acne, scars, hair removal, and wrinkles using intense pulsed light, light‐emitting diode, heat, infrared, low‐level light therapy, and laser. Although studies on home devices are limited, current dermatologic literature shows that these devices are promising with significant post‐treatment results as well as a high level of safety.

Conclusions

Home optical devices are mostly used without medical practitioner supervision. As home devices usually deliver less energy per session than with professional treatments, it is important that consumers are given realistic expectations of post‐treatment outcomes. Patients may use home devices without disclosure to their physician and it is important as healthcare professionals to be aware of the existence of these devices, how to use the devices properly (including what diseases can be treated and which skin types are considered safe for use), as well as any adverse effects that may occur. New research endeavors are being completed to explore the used of home devices for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis.
Consumer's expectation of changes in fruit based on their sensory properties at purchase. The case of banana (Musa Cavendish) appearance evaluated on two occasions: Purchase and home consumption
Authors: Elizagoyen Eliana S. , Hough Guillermo , Garitta Lorena , Fiszman Susana , Bravo Vasquez Juan Eduardo
Published: July 2017

The objective of this work was to estimate the expectation of change in sensory properties of fruits by analyzing the different choice criteria at purchase and consumption occasions. Bananas were taken as a case study, evaluated with consumers from Argentina, Ecuador, and Spain. A set of 10 digital images of bananas ranging from totally green to overly ripe were first submitted to a trained panel to ensure there were significant differences between them on a ripening scale. These images were then presented to 300 consumers in total from Argentina, Ecuador, and Spain. Consumers assessed each image choosing between under‐ripe, ok, or over‐ripe; considering two different occasions: when purchasing the bananas and when consuming the bananas in their homes. Based on hue‐angle measurements, survival analysis statistics were applied to estimate the optimum ripening indexes (ORI). ORI for purchase occasions were lower than for home consumption occasions, that is, bananas are bought greener, with the expectation that they would ripen to the adequate stage in the period between purchase and consumption. There were also differences between the ORI estimated over the three countries. On average, Argentine consumers preferred riper bananas than Ecuador or Spanish consumers.

Practical applications

For certain fruits, such as bananas shown in this study, consumers consciously choose or ask for a not totally ripe product with the expectation that it will reach optimum ripeness on the consumption occasion. Retail stores should consider this fact in marketing their products providing recommendations for consumers, such as “keep at room temperature and consume after 2 or 3 days”; or “we recommend you consume this melon today.” For the particular case of bananas, the current commercial chart used to estimate banana maturity based on sensory appearance would not always be adequate. This work provides a range of maturation based on consumer input, both for purchase and home‐consumption situations. These ranges could serve as a guide for retail stores that sell bananas in different countries.
A scoping review of skills and tools oral health professionals need to engage children and parents in dietary changes to prevent childhood obesity and consumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages
Authors: Mallonee Lisa F. , Boyd Linda D. , Stegeman Cynthia
Published: July 2017

Objectives

Increased consumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been linked to obesity. Obesity now affects one in six children in the United States. The purpose of this scoping review is to identify and review published studies that discuss skills and tools oral health professionals can use with children (under age 12) and their parents to encourage dietary changes to aid in preventing childhood obesity and reducing consumption of SSBs.

Methods

Key search terms were identified and used to examine selected databases via PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. A total of 637 records were identified. After duplicates were removed and records were screened for eligibility, 33 remained. Six met established inclusion/exclusion criteria and were included in the review.

Results

Only two full‐text articles included dental‐office‐based weight interventions. Patient response to education on healthy habits and weight maintenance in the dental setting was favorable. Literature supports oral health professionals expanding their role in health care delivery by offering nutrition and physical activity recommendations to prevent and/or reduce chronic disease. Active listening and motivational interviewing were techniques identified to promote beneficial lifestyle changes.

Conclusions

There is limited research on behavior modification tools and skills that have been effectively implemented in the dental setting to decrease risk of obesity. Oral health professionals are uniquely positioned to address consumption of SSBs and promote positive dietary habits for improved weight management. Future studies are needed to identify effective techniques that techniques that oral health professionals can integrate into preventive patient care.
Developing a Scale of Adaptive Behavior for Young Chinese Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Liu Chuanshi , Sun Honghuan , Wu Fuxiang , Posada Alexandria , Liu Yangyang
Published: July 2017

The purpose of the present study was to develop and evaluate a scale to measure adaptive behavior skills in Chinese children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Participants were 121 young children (M = 55.18 months, SD = 0.18 months) with a formal diagnosis of ASD (73% male). Psychometric evaluation indicated that the reliability and validity of this scale were good. Furthermore, independent t‐tests revealed that boys demonstrated better adaptive behavior skills than girls. The present findings suggest that the scale is a valid measure of adaptive behavior skills in Chinese children with ASD.
Weight management strategies for those with chronic kidney disease: A consensus report from the Asia Pacific Society of Nephrology and Australia and New Zealand Society of Nephrology 2016 renal dietitians meeting
Authors: Lambert Kelly , Beer Jo , Dumont Ruth , Hewitt Katie , Manley Karen , Meade Anthony , Salamon Karen , Campbell Katrina
Published: July 2017

Summary at a Glance

This is a report on the discussions, at a conference meeting, among dieticians around six pertinent statements, in relation to weight management in CKD patients. Consensus, arising from the dietitians' research into the validity of these statements, is summarized and recommendations for future research is suggested.
XYLEM NAC DOMAIN1, an angiosperm NAC transcription factor, inhibits xylem differentiation through conserved motifs that interact with RETINOBLASTOMA‐RELATED
Authors: Zhao Chengsong , Lasses Theres , Bako Laszlo , Kong Danyu , Zhao Bingyu , Chanda Bidisha , Bombarely Aureliano , Cruz‐Ramírez Alfredo , Scheres Ben , Brunner Amy M. , Beers Eric P.
Published: July 2017

The Arabidopsis thaliana gene XYLEM NAC DOMAIN1 (XND1) is upregulated in xylem tracheary elements. Yet overexpression of XND1 blocks differentiation of tracheary elements. The molecular mechanism of XND1 action was investigated.

Phylogenetic and motif analyses indicated that XND1 and its homologs are present only in angiosperms and possess a highly conserved C‐terminal region containing linear motifs (CKII‐acidic, LXCXE, E2FTD‐like and LXCXE‐mimic) predicted to interact with the cell cycle and differentiation regulator RETINOBLASTOMA‐RELATED (RBR). Protein–protein interaction and functional analyses of XND1 deletion mutants were used to test the importance of RBR‐interaction motifs.

Deletion of either the LXCXE or the LXCXE‐mimic motif reduced both the XND1–RBR interaction and XND1 efficacy as a repressor of differentiation, with loss of the LXCXE motif having the strongest negative impacts. The function of the XND1 C‐terminal domain could be partially replaced by RBR fused to the N‐terminal domain of XND1. XND1 also transactivated gene expression in yeast and plants.

The properties of XND1, a transactivator that depends on multiple linear RBR‐interaction motifs to inhibit differentiation, have not previously been described for a plant protein. XND1 harbors an apparently angiosperm‐specific combination of interaction motifs potentially linking the general differentiation regulator RBR with a xylem‐specific pathway for inhibition of differentiation.
Working around technologies—invisible professionalism?
Authors: Dupret Katia
Published: July 2017

This study discusses how professionalism and work ethics influence how health care professionals work around new technologies. When people avoid using technologies, they are not necessarily ceasing to engage in their work activities. The workaround strategies presented here are rather practical expressions of professionals’ active encounter with the complexity of work situations, and can therefore be important signs of professional ethical judgement. Drawing on science and technology studies and the concept of invisible work, the study discusses workaround situations that arise in health care work in Denmark. The aim and contribution of the study is twofold. First, it attempts to revitalise the discussion on technology workaround strategies as responsible professionalism. Second, it will direct attention to and contribute to an understanding of how the normativity embedded in technological development in the health care sector is central to the work of health care professionals.
Randomized Controlled Trial on the Influence of Intraoperative Remifentanil versus Fentanyl on Acute and Chronic Pain after Cardiac Surgery
Authors: de Hoogd Sjoerd , Ahlers Sabine J.G.M. , van Dongen Eric P.A. , van de Garde Ewoudt M.W. , Daeter Edgar J. , Dahan Albert , Tibboel Dick , Knibbe Catherijne A.J.
Published: July 2017

Background

Remifentanil has been associated with increased acute and potentially chronic postoperative pain. The objective of this prospective randomized controlled trial was to investigate the influence of intraoperative remifentanil on acute and chronic postoperative pain after cardiac surgery.

Methods

Patients (N = 126) receiving standardized anesthesia with propofol and intermittent intravenous fentanyl at predetermined times for cardiac surgery were randomized to intraoperatively receive either a continuous remifentanil infusion or additional intermittent intraoperative fentanyl as needed. The primary endpoint was chronic thoracic pain at 12 months after surgery. Secondary endpoints were pain at 3 and 6 months after surgery and analgesic requirements and pain levels in the first 72 hours.

Results

There was no significant difference in incidence of chronic thoracic pain between the remifentanil and fentanyl groups, respectively (20% vs. 18%; P = 0.817). At 3 months, however, significantly more patients in the remifentanil group reported chronic thoracic pain (51% vs. 33%; P = 0.047). This effect was more pronounced in younger patients and in patients receiving a higher dose of remifentanil (both P < 0.05). The first 24 and 48 hours postoperatively, morphine consumption in the remifentanil group was significantly higher than in the fentanyl group (34.3 mg [interquartile range (IQR) 25.3 to 48.2] vs. 30.2 mg [IQR 19.2 to 38.1], P = 0.028; and 46.8 mg [IQR 33.8 to 59.2] vs. 39.0 mg [IQR 6.2 to 51.4], P = 0.047, respectively).

Conclusions

Intraoperative use of remifentanil during cardiac surgery does not impact chronic postoperative pain 1 year after surgery. Nevertheless, remifentanil increases analgesic requirements and thoracic pain until 3 months after surgery, and its use is therefore less favorable during cardiac surgery.
Quantitative trait loci with additive and epistatic effects underlying resistance to two HG types of soybean cyst nematode
Authors: Han Yingpeng , Tan Yunfu , Hu Haibo , Chang Wei , Dong Limin , Wang Zizhen , Zhao Xue , Li Wenbin , Teng Weili
Published: July 2017

The resistance of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) cultivars varies with the different races of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, referred to as HG types (biotypes). Resistant cultivars with durable resistance are emphasized in recent years. The aim here was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to two SCN HG types (HG type 2.5.7, race 1; and HG type 1.2.3.5.7, race 4) in resistant cultivar ‘L‐10’ and to analyse the additive and epistatic effects of the identified QTLs. A total of 140 F5‐derived F10 recombinant inbred lines (F5:10 RILs) were advanced via single‐seed‐descent from the cross between ‘L‐10’ (broadly resistant to SCN) and “Heinong 37” (SCN‐susceptible). For SCN HG type 2.5.7 and HG type 1.2.3.5.7 resistance, three and six QTLs for resistance to SCN HG type 2.5.7 and HG type 1.2.3.5.7 were identified, respectively, most of which could explain <10% of the phenotypic variation. Among these QTLs, five were identified over 2 years, while the other QTLs were detected in either 2009 or 2010. QSCN1‐2, located near the SSR marker Sat_069 of linkage group D1b (Chromosome, 2), was responsible for the largest proportion of phenotypic variation (16.01% in 2009 and 18.94% in 2010), suggested that it could effectively be used as a candidate QTL for the marker‐assisted selection (MAS) of soybean lines resistant to SCN. Additionally, for SCN HG type 2.5.7 and HG type 1.2.3.5.7 resistance, two and four QTLs showed an additive effect (a), respectively. One epistatic pair of QTLs (QSCN1‐1‐QSCN1‐3) for SCN HG type 2.5.7 resistance and eight epistatic pairs of QTLs for SCN HG type 1.2.3.5.7 resistance were found to have significant aa effects, among which one pair of QTLs (QSCN4‐4 and QSCN4‐5) contributed a large proportion of aa effects (3%). The results indicated that additive and epistatic effects could significantly affect SCN resistance. Therefore, both of a and aa effects should be considered in MAS programmes.
Age‐dependent regulation of ERF‐VII transcription factor activity in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Giuntoli Beatrice , Shukla Vinay , Maggiorelli Federica , Giorgi Federico M. , Lombardi Lara , Perata Pierdomenico , Licausi Francesco
Published: July 2017

The Group VII Ethylene Responsive Factors (ERFs‐VII) RAP2.2 and RAP2.12 have been mainly characterized with regard to their contribution as activators of fermentation in plants. However, transcriptional changes measured in conditions that stabilize these transcription factors exceed the mere activation of this biochemical pathway, implying additional roles performed by the ERF‐VIIs in other processes. We evaluated gene expression in transgenic Arabidopsis lines expressing a stabilized form of RAP2.12, or hampered in ERF‐VII activity, and identified genes affected by this transcriptional regulator and its homologs, including some involved in oxidative stress response, which are not universally induced under anaerobic conditions. The contribution of the ERF‐VIIs in regulating this set of genes in response to chemically induced or submergence‐stimulated mitochondria malfunctioning was found to depend on the plant developmental stage. A similar age‐dependent mechanism also restrained ERF‐VII activity upon the core‐hypoxic genes, independently of the N‐end rule pathway, which is accounted for the control of the anaerobic response. To conclude, this study shed new light on a dual role of ERF‐VII proteins under submergence: as positive regulators of the hypoxic response and as repressors of oxidative‐stress related genes, depending on the developmental stage at which plants are challenged by stress conditions.
Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of Naturally Occurring normelinonine F and Melinonine F Alkaloids and Structurally Related N(2)‐ and/or N(9)‐methyl‐β‐carboline Derivatives
Authors: Rasse‐Suriani Federico A. O. , García‐Einschlag Fernando S. , Rafti Matías , Schmidt De León Tobías , David Gara Pedro M. , Erra‐Balsells Rosa , Cabrerizo Franco M.
Published: July 2017

In the present work, we have synthesized and fully characterized the photophysical and photochemical properties of a selected group of N‐methyl‐β‐carboline derivatives (9‐methyl‐β‐carbolines and iodine salts of 2‐methyl‐ and 2,9‐dimethyl‐β‐carbolinium) in aqueous solutions, in the pH range 4.0–14.5. Moreover, despite the quite extensive studies reported in the literature regarding the overall photophysical behavior of N‐unsubstituted βCs, this work constitutes the first full and unambiguous characterization of anionic species of N‐unsubstituted βCs (norharmane, harmane and harmine), present in aqueous solution under highly alkaline conditions (pH > 13.0). Acid dissociation constants (Ka), thermal stabilities, room temperature UV–visible absorption and fluorescence emission and excitation spectra, fluorescence quantum yields (ФF) and fluorescence lifetimes (τF), as well as quantum yields of singlet oxygen production (ФΔ) have been measured for all the studied compounds. Furthermore, for the first time to our knowledge, chemometric techniques (MCR‐ALS and PARAFAC) were applied on these systems, providing relevant information about the equilibria and species involved. The impact of all the foregoing observations on the biological role, as well as the potential biotechnological applications of these compounds, is discussed.