bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increased Electrical Conductivity of Polypyrrole Through Emulsion Polymerization Assisted Emulsifier Synthesis
Authors: Sari Prestika Gema , Hafizah Mas Ayu Elita , Andreas  , Manaf Azwar
Published: November 2019

A conductive Polypyrrole (PPy) has been successfully synthesized and characterized. The PPy was prepared through oxidative chemical polymerization using ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) as an oxidizing agent in aqueous media. The reaction is prepared without heating. Anionic and non-ionic emulsifiers, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), nonylphenol (NP) ethoxylate (EO) with 10 mole EO were respectively used during polymerization to increase the electrical conductivity. The FTIR spectrum of PPy indicates a change in the absorbance peaks of pyrrole monomer at 1530 cm−1and those in the range region of 1100 - 1000 cm−1. With the SDS addition, the temperature of solution increased with reaction time reached the highest 35 °C within 2 minutes reaction. The pH value of an SDS added solution was 3.3 higher than that of SDS free solution (1.8). The addition of SDS was also to change the color changing during the polymerization reaction. The final characteristic of PPy by measuring the electrical conductivity (σ) value concluded that the presence of emulsifier anionic in a polymerization reaction increased the electrical conductivity of PPy 150 times higher compared with that obtained of emulsifier free solution.
The Roles of Process Parameters on Structures and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene/Clay Nanocomposites
Authors: Rifathin Annisa , Ujianto Onny , Jamilah Nurul , Bambang Afrinaldi
Published: November 2019

Process parameters are crucial to produce targeted qualities in polypropylene (PP)/clay nanocomposites, due to their roles on the generation of shear and diffusion. Thus, this research aims to observe their effects on structures and properties of PP/clay nanocomposites. Samples were produced by mixing PP, PP grafting maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA), and Cloisite 20A at fixed compositions, 88/9/3 wt%, respectively, in an internal mixer with variations on temperatures (210, 220, 230 °C) and speeds (60, 80, 100 rpm). Effect of mixing parameters on nanocomposite structures and properties were investigated from XRD, SEM and flexural properties. The results showed that all samples had intercalated as well as agglomerated structures. Further analysis on XRD and SEM showed that samples produced at high conditions (230 °C or 100 rpm) had similar structures. In contrast, low setting sample (210 °C and 60 rpm), despite its similarity on dispersion level, had longer agglomerates than that of mixed at high settings. Correlated both increase of d-spacing and agglomerates length to flexural properties suggested that modulus was more influenced by dispersion level, while strength was affected by agglomerates. However, it was worth to note that improvement on d-spacing, with availability of long agglomerates might not guarantee modulus and strength improvement due to low interfacial bonding.
Poly(lactic acid)-based Composites Incorporated with Spent Coffee Ground and Tea Leave for Food Packaging Application: A Waste to Wealth
Authors: Songtipya Ladawan , Limchu Thitirat , Phuttharak Suphatchara , Songtipya Ponusa , Kalkornsurapranee Ekwipoo
Published: November 2019

Polymer composites of polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) incorporated with spent coffee grounds (SCG) and tea leave (TL) were prepared by two-roll mill mixer. 4,4-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), toluene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI), and bis[3-(triethoxysilyl) propyl] tetrasulfide (TESPT) were used as coupling agents. The influences of coupling agent types, coupling agent content, and weight ratios of polymer to filler on the mechanical properties, melt flow index, and overall migration (OM) of the composites were studied. The results showed that MDI and TDI had better performance compared to TESPT for both tensile and elongation at break. The tensile strength and elongation at break of PLA+PBAT/SCG composites with weight ratio of polymer to filler = 70/30 increased from 19.6 MPa to ∼23.0 to 25.0 MPa, and 6.6 to ∼10.0%, respectively when using these coupling agents (MDI and TDI) of 3 g/100 g polymers. Moreover, the addition of MDI and TDI greatly increased the viscosity of the melted composites (4-fold), while TESPT made the viscosity decrease. However, the mechanical properties of the composites decreased drastically with increasing SCG proportion. Compared to PLA+PBAT/SCG, interfacial adhesion of PLA+PBAT/TL was higher confirming by tensile strength and SEM images. However, there was no significant difference between PLA+PBAT/TL and PLA+PBAT/SCG composites in terms of elongation at break, impact strength and melt flow index. The OM of PLA+PBAT/SCG and PLA+PBAT/TL composites with coupling agents were in the range of ∼0.03–0.28 mg/dm2 when using 3% acetic acid and 10% ethanol as food simulants, which not excess the migration limit (10 mg/dm2) according to Food Contact Materials EU No. 10/2011 legislation. It means that they might be safe for use as food contact materials for packaging and containers.
Biodegradability of Cassava Starch/High Density Polyethylene Reactive Blend During Compost Burial
Authors: Nurhajati Dwi Wahini , Setyadewi Noor Maryam , Indrajati Ihda Novia
Published: November 2019

Starch is promising material to answer the environmental hot issues related to plastic wastes. Plasticized and gelatinized starch can behave as thermoplastic that completely biodegrade in nature. This study was aimed to investigate the biodegradability of cassava starch (CS) blended with high density polyethylene (HDPE). Simulated soil burial was applied using the compost. The blends were prepared by reactive mixing using Haake Rheomix internal mixer. The ratio of starch and HDPE was ranging from 30/70, 40/60, 50/50, 60/40, and 70/30. Dual hydrophobization was employed, i.e. addition acetic acid and polyethylene-grated maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA). Compost burial was performed indoor for 56 days. The surface appearance and morphology were investigated. Weight loss and change in tensile strength and elongation at break after burial also determined. Results findings showed that the increasing of cassava starch content and burial time decrease the tensile strength and elongation at break, however increased the weight loss of CS/HDPE reactive blend. In addition, evidence of biodegradation is shown by the appearance of some microorganism colonies on the surface of reactive blend and morphological changes in CS/HDPE reactive blend.
Tensile Properties of Glass Roving and Hybrid Tapes
Authors: Venkataraman Mohanapriya , Militký Jiří , Mishra Rajesh , Kremenakova Dana , Petru Michal
Published: November 2019

Among many other materials for the reinforcement of composites, technical fabrics are increasingly being used, especially from glass tows, which have good mechanical properties. In this paper, glass fiber based tapes containing special types of resins, in pre-condensate form with application in technology of composites preparation by precise winding is prepared. Also, the selected suitable resin was loaded by suitable types of nanoparticles for enhancing mechanical properties. The tensile properties of the tapes made from glass were investigated. Measurements of resultant stabilized hybrid composite tapes (SHCT) were focused on the breaking force, deformation at break and initial modulus. It was found that the durability of the tapes was sufficient for long term storing. The main benefit was avoiding of resin penetration into winded structure which is due to tight arrangements of fibrous phase which is very complicated. The results show that SHCT can be stored and used after a longer period of time.
Synthesis and Characterization of LiFePO4 By Variation Addition Of (Li3PO4)0.5(AgI)0.25(LiI)0.25 as Cathode Material For All-Solid-State Li-ion Battery
Authors: Ainiya Lisda , Kartini Evvy , Honggowiranto Wagiyo
Published: November 2019

The safety of lihium-ion batteries have always been a concerned for industrial application. Therefore, there is a strong interest to produce an all-solid-state battery. An all-solid-state battery has several advantages, including easy fabrication, non-flammable, low leakage, but mainly because it is safer. In this study, (Li3PO4)0.5(AgI)0.5(LiI)0.25 was synthesized as solid electrolyte. Meanwhile, as cathode, LiFePO4 was added by variations of: 0%, 10%, and 30% of (Li3PO4)0.5(AgI)0.5(LiI)0.25 to minimize the presence of solid state interface between solid electrolyte and cathode. The samples were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and conductivity measurement. For SEM images, the particle distribution was not thoroughly homogeneous because it was prepared manually by only grinding the samples. The X-ray data showed that (Li3PO4)0.5(AgI)0.5(LiI)0.25 has halo pattern and the crystal structure of synthesized cathode belongs to P m n a space group (Olivine Structure). The range of measured AC conductivity was around 10−4 S/cm - 10−8 S/cm.
Interfacial Properties of Solid Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium-Ion Battery
Authors: Sudaryanto  , Yulianti Evi , Deswita  , Wahyudianingsih  , Anggreyni Desy N P , Kartini Evvy
Published: November 2019

The problem in developing solid electrolyte is the interface between solid electrolyte and electrode in an all solid lithium-ion batteries (LIB). Due to this reason, the interfacial properties of solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) for LIB have been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical impedance spectrometry (EIS). The aim of this study is to elucidate the effect of interfacial structure onto the properties of SPE for LIB. Two kind different electrolyte/cathode interfacial arrangements were constructed by coating and stacking Chitosan based SPE onto lithium permanganate based cathode. The effect of interfacial structure onto the impedance has been studied. It was found that in case the SPE stacked on the electrode, micro-gap appeared at the interface and resulted in the existence of Warburg impedance or interfacial resistance. However, when the SPE was coated using solvent casting onto the electrode the micro-gap did not appear and the interfacial resistance could be neglected.
Infinite Energy Creates Better Life
Authors: Pertiwi Ambar , Harjanto Rudy , Kartini Evvy
Published: November 2019

As the world moves towards sustainability, renewable energy development is driven in most countries as an alternative offer to the use of non-renewable and polluting fossil fuels. One such alternative is solar energy, which is the versatile technology used to harness the sun’s energy and make it usable. It refers also to capturing the energy from the sun, collected elsewhere (i.e. the Earth) and subsequently converting it into electricity. Due to the non-constant nature of solar energy, collector and storage unit components are required to have a functional solar energy generator. The collector simply collects the radiation that falls on it and converts a fraction of it to other forms of energy (electricity or heat). The storage unit is required to store excess energy during the periods of maximum productivity and release it when the productivity drops. The proposed study is aimed to explore the feasibility of solar energy as an infinite energy to be restored and used as it needs. The merit of this study lies in the fact that solar energy creates better life (such as cost reduction, resource availability, eco-friendly. and sustainability) should it is harvested, stored and utilized considerably in a holistic way. Moreover, it may enhance independency of electricity supply, particularly in remote areas where access to power supply are limited. It is anticipated that the study will not only create a further interdisciplinary research platform for fundamental studies on solar energy harvesting, storage, and utilization, but also a research that leads to technology transfer to industry as it is lauded as a renewable and an inexhaustible fuel source, environmentally friendly due to its nature of pollution – and often noise – free.
Grading of Lithium Ion Battery Module for Public street lighting
Authors: Kartini E , Sudaryanto S , Honggowiranto W , Sudjatno A , Fadjri A , Marto I , Rofika R N S
Published: November 2019

A module of lithium ion battery has been constructed to replace ion battery for public street lighting. The module was designed to deliver a power of minimum~120 Wh for running 10 Watt solar street llighting, with a solar panel of 80 Wp. The module consisted of 40 cylinder cells 18650 of LiFePO4. Before designing the module, all the cells have to be formatted, graded and sorted out, to obtain an optimum results. The charge-discharge testing and internal resistance were measured to every single cell using a battery analyzer. The cells grading,sorting and grouping were consecutively done to obtain an optimum LIB module. The results showed each cylinder cell delivering discharge capacity, voltage and internal resistance of ~1.2-1.4 Ah, ~ 3.2-3.3 V, and 50-70 Ω, respectively. The cells were arranged into 4 serial and 10 parallel, to produce LIB module with the power of ~130-140 Wh, which is higher than expected.The LIB module made in Indonesia, with high local content can run the public street lighting and replace the conventional Lead Acid battery.
Remaining Life and Corrosion Rate Prediction of Well Casing Material in the CO2 Environment
Authors: Sholihin Muhamad Yudi Masduky , Kusyanto Hendry Saputra , Wijaya Roni Hadi , Haryadi Wahyu
Published: November 2019

Prediction of CO2 corrosion is required for predicting remaining life and determination of the required material selection. This paper give prediction of corrosion rate and remaining life of casing in the North Aceh well which is operated almost 14 years. Simulation method application is appropriate with the condition of North Aceh field since the well fluids contain high CO2 gas (35 – 37%) and small amount of H2S gas (0.016%). Based on historical data North Aceh well’s after production almost 14 years, it is possible that production packer leaks and degradation of cement could cause formation gas migrate through micro channelling inside cement. The CO2 gas which is accumulate in casing could cause CO2 corrosion. The corrosion rate calculation based on temperature 141°C, pressure 103.4 Barg and CO2 contain 37% is 0.871 mm/year. After calculating the thickness loss, we found thickness loss of casing K55 is 12.741 mm. meanwhile thickness of K55 casing 10.92 mm, it means the casing already leak before year 14th. Based on simulation and calculation the North Aceh well is assumed to have tubing and packer leaks in annulus #0 and channeling on annulus #1 so that the well is not recommended for re-production because of the communication between the annulus and the loss of the well barrier that can cause wellhead leakage. This condition is very dangerous because the well fluid is flammable and can cause pollution in the sea.
Critical properties of binary mixtures of hydrocarbons for linear hard sphere models of molecules based on ISPT, Nezbeda and Boublik equations of state, and the chain equation of state of R J Sadus
Authors: Kaur S , Pakhouri B
Published: November 2019

The predicted results of virial coefficients from different equations of state of hard body fluids such as linearly tangent hard spheres, hard ellipsoidals or hard spherocylinders have been used to calculate the values of nonsphericity factor and the van der Waals parameters. The parameters of these equations of state testify the predicted critical properties satisfactorily. The improved accuracy of the predicted results has been observed by incorporating the chain concept with the shape of the molecules of binary mixtures of hydrocarbons.
Fracture Behaviour of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Beams – An Experimental Study
Authors: Jagan S
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this research is to assess the effect of recycled aggregates on the fracture energy properties of concrete under various notch depths. In this studyfracture energy of recycled aggregate concrete beams of size 700mmx150mmx150mm with notches of size 7.5mm, 15mm, 45mm and 75mm were provided to study the fracture energy properties like unstable fracture toughness and Crack Mouth Opening Displacement (CMOD). A clip gauge of + 4mm range over a gauge length of 25mm was fixed across the notch at the bottom face of the beam to measure the crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD). Linear varying differential transformer (LVDT) of two numbers was used to determine the deflection of the specimens. Specimens of two water/cement ratios 0.5 and 0.45 were adopted to study the fracture energy and the results were compared. Fracture parameters such as unstable fracture toughness were predicted using empirical relations. Fracture studies elucidates that fracture energy dissipation increases with increase in the notch depth. Also fracture energy dissipation and CMOD of recycled aggregate concrete is more compared to conventional aggregate concrete due to the higher water absorption capacity of recycled aggregates.
Synthesis and characterization of phenylacrylonitrile derivatives of aromatic aldehydes in presence of DBU
Authors: Rejithamol R , Beena S , Sajitha C S , Malavika Dileep N K , Drisya A , Keerthi P R
Published: November 2019

An efficient one pot synthesis of phenylacrylonitrile derivatives from the condensation of electronegative active methylene group of 2-nitrophenylacetonitrile with aromatic aldehydes using diazabicycloundecene(DBU) as anamidine base.
Role of Supplemental Cementitious Materials on the Strength Characteristics of GreenConcrete Specimens
Authors: Dar A.R.
Published: November 2019

Numerous natural waste materials possessing cementitious property are available in abundance. This study presents an experimental investigation on self-consolidating concrete (SCC) by partially replacing natural sand with waste marble powder (WMP), and partially substituting cement by waste limestone dust (WLSD), along with saccharumofficinarum molasses as an admixture. Evaluation of relevant material properties of such mixes, both in wet and hardened state was the primary aim of this study. Initially conventional mix of self-consolidating concrete was developed by adopting saccharumofficinarummolasses as the only admixture. Later other mixes were prepared by replacement of sand by WMP ranging from 8-40% togetherwith a uniform5% replacement of cement by WLSD. Furthermore, ultrasonic pulse velocity, drying shrinkage and standard consistency tests of the concrete were conducted. The replacement of sand and cement by industrial by-products partially has shown considerable enhancement in relevant properties of the above new concrete mixes rightly called as green concrete.
Use of industrial waste as partial fine aggregate replacement in SCC
Authors: Vivek S S , Dhinakaran G
Published: November 2019

In the current scenario, SCC is used in the variety of massconcreting applications. But SCC involves usage of more quantities of binder and fine aggregate content compared to conventionally vibrated concrete (CVC). The availability of basic constituent materials required for preparing the concrete in the entire world is facing a majorcrisis. For example, the construction industry has faced the non-availability of river sand since it is the principal ingredient that contributes the homogeneity in concrete. The experimental investigation was planned with the total of ten SCC mixes using industrial wastes namely copper slag (CS) and steel slag (SS) from 0% to 50% (with an increment of 10%) as fine aggregate replacement along with one control SCC (SCC0). The water-powder (w/p) ratio of 0.38, the dosage of Super plasticizer (SP) as 1.5% by the weight of cement and viscosity modifying agent VMA as 0.15% by the weight of cement were arrived based on the laboratory test trials. The fresh property tests were conducted in greener SCC according to EFNARC guidelines. The mechanical properties(compressive strength and split-tensile) were determined after 28 days of curing. Keywords: Compressive strength; copper slag; self-compacting concrete; splitting tensile strength; steel slag.
Quantitative analysis of microplastics in wastewater from treatment plant by visual identification and FT-IR imaging using H2O2 and FeSO4: A case study
Authors: Yuvedha S , Yoganandhan U , Nampoothiri Dr N V N
Published: November 2019

Plastic is a commonly used and perhaps unavoidablematerial due to its multifaceted nature. Plastic wastes do not degrade easily and hence present as a major threat to environment. Plastics of particle size less than 5mm is universally considered as microplastics. The present study investigates the identification and identification and quantification of microplastics. The sample was collected from the wastewater treatment plant of the Kalasalingam University campus as a bulk sample. The sample was prepared using Hydrogen peroxide and Iron II sulfate to oxidize the organic matter. Filtration was carried out in a set of filetr papers arranged in series with decreasing pore size. Sediments were collected and analyzed using FTIR imaging, The surface of the paper was analyzed using 40X dissecting microscope for visual identification. Further, SEM analysis with EDS mapping was performed to study the material composition. Eight different types of microplastics (MPs) were identified and sizes measured. The particle size varied from 10 -20 micron.
Transport of curcumin from cross-linked chitosan matrices: A comparative study
Authors: Nayak R , Philip J , Rodrigues F C , Thakur G
Published: November 2019

Chitosan hydrogels are widely studied as drug delivery vehicles. The present work involves investigating the effects of cross-linking on morphology of chitosan gels and their impact on the curcumin release from cross-linked gel matrices. Chitosan usually suffers from poor mechanical strength so to improve the mechanical and thermal stability the gels are often chemically cross-linked. In this study, chitosan hydrogels are prepared and then the gels are cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (synthetic cross-linker) and genipin (a naturally occurring cross-linker). Cross-linked gels are subjected to a number of tests, such as compression test, swelling study, and scanning electron microscopy analysis. Release study was performed by forming drug loaded gels by incorporating curcumin into the chitosan matrices. Morphological analysis for the cross-linked gels revealed compact network structure. Chitosan gel cross-linked with genipin, indicated higher compressive strength (0.1539 + 0.03) MPa than gel cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (0.032 + 0.01) MPa. Gels cross-linked with glutaraldehyde showed higher swelling and also higher release of curcumin ∼90.67% whereas, genipin cross-linked gels having more compact network shows better release profile of curcumin ∼79.26% over 24 hours (P<0.05). Release behaviour indicates swelling dependent release.
Open Hole Testing Methods for Different Materials: A Review
Authors: Sirmour S , Kumar U , Chandrakar H , Gupta N
Published: November 2019

In service failure of the fastened structures is an important concern for the automobile and aerospace industries. The failure of these structures is mainly due to the presence of holes which act as stress concentration sites. These localized stress concentration sites are responsible for crack initiation and propagation. Open hole tests of the structural component under tensile stresses and cyclic loading can help to predict component failure. Studies based on the effect of hole fabrication technique, hole size, specimen dimensions, nature of material, type of loading and strain rate on the tensile and fatigue strength of the component, helps in establishing the failure mechanisms for the component. This review is to understand different open hole tests required to predict the tensile and fatigue strength of aluminium alloys and composite laminates used particularly in automobile and aerospace industries.
Experimental investigations on hole quality in drilling of cenosphere reinforced epoxy composite
Authors: Angadi S B , Ashrith H S , Gaitonde V N , Karnik S R , Doddamani Mrityunjay
Published: November 2019

Cenosphere reinforced epoxy composites are steadily replacing the conventional materials in marine, aerospace and automobile structuresowing to their lightweight properties.Drilling is an important conventional machining process essential for assemblyof polymer composites using rivets and bolts. Drilling induces damage around the hole which significantly deteriorates composite performance. In the present study, hole quality characteristicssuch as cylindricity and delamination in drilling of fly ash cenosphere filled epoxy composites are investigated using coated tungsten carbide drill bits.Feed, cutting speed, filler content and drill diameter are considered as the drilling process variables.Samples are fabricated by varying cenosphere content from 10to 60by volume %inepoxy resin.Full factorial design (FFD) based experiments are conducted on CNC vertical machining center. Response surface methodology (RSM) based mathematical models are proposed to estimate the characteristics of the hole quality in developed composites. Analysis of variance is used to validate the developed mathematical models.Present study reveals that the cylindricity and delamination decreases with increasing feed. Increasing cutting speed decreases the cylindricity, however delamination is found to be increasing.Results also shows the importance of using high cenosphere content for producing sound quality holes, which is also beneficial from weight savingperspective.
Synthesis Characterisation and anti-microbial properties of two Salicylaldimine Schiff base complexes of transition metals
Authors: Omanakuttan Anaja , Priyanka G , Divya Mohan R
Published: November 2019

Schiff bases and their metal complexes are widely used in the area of pharmacology owing to their anti-microbial properties. In this article, we detail the synthesis of two metal complexes, viz. Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes of a salicylaldimine Schiff base formed from orthophenylene diamine (o-phdn) and salicylaldehyde. The complexes 1 [Cu(sal-o-phdn)] and 2 [Zn(sal-o-phdn)] are characterized by spectroscopic techniques like Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT IR) and UV-Visible spectroscopic studies. The biological activity of the two complexes along with the Schiff base resistant to two gram positive and two gram negative bacteria is measured by Disc diffusion method. The complexes are found to be good candidates against certain microorganisms.
Durability Performance of Fly Ash and Steatite Powder Based Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Premkumar R , Babu Chokkalingam Ramesh , Shanmugasundaram M
Published: November 2019

This paper deals with the study of durability properties of fly ash and steatite powder based Geopolymer concrete. The activating alkali used was 10 M sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solution. The ratio of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate ratio was 1:2.5. The range of replacement levels of flyash with steatite powder was from0 – 50 %. In order to improve the workability of geopolymer concrete, a PC based admixture Glenium B233 has been used for all the mixtures. In addition to that the concrete has been cured at oven at 70oC for about 48 hours. The following durability index properties such as water absorption, sorptivity, rapid chloride penetration test and acid attack test were measured at 28days. The observed results indicated that, increase in steatite powder demonstrates low water absorption and low permeability representing that the material was in a high dense pore structure. Additionally in acid resistance test, there was a decline in the percent losses of compressive strength with particular time period but then again the declination was lower when compared to increase in steatite powder.
Analysis of angular shrinkage of fused filament fabricated poly-lactic-acid prints and its relationship with other process parameters
Authors: Sandhu K , Singh S , Prakash C
Published: November 2019

Undoubtedly, fused filament fabrication (FFF), a class of additive manufacturing has established as one of the most efficient process for the development of a wide range of functional/non-functional products. However, the process suffers from poor geometrical and mechanical characteristics that are limiting its potential for the fabrication of sophisticated parts. In the present work, an effort has been made to investigate the effect of build orientation angle, head scan speed, and layer thickness on the shrinkage of resulting poly-lactic-acid (PLA) prints by using design of experimentation and machine learning based statistical methodologies. Firstly, a total of 20 test samples, with repletion of 5, were prepared by using an open source based commercial fused filament fabrication (FFF) setup and then investigated for their dimensional accuracies by using Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM). Finally, the obtained data was investigated, statistically, in order to find out the significance of selected process variables on resulted dimensional features. The regression models developed for the prediction of shrinkage by using Statistical and artificial neural network were possessed R2 ∼ 97.66% and ∼ 97.78%, respectively. Further, scanning electron micrographic analysis has been carried out to observe the changes occurred in the geometrical features of the produced prints. Overall, the study concluded that rate of angular shrinkage increased with an increase in the build orientation angle and decrease in the layer thickness & head scan speed.
Experimental investigation of Open Graded mixes using Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Anusha T M , Jagadeesh H S , Sunil S
Published: November 2019

Open Graded Friction Course is widely used as a surface layer in the flexible pavement which is also termed as porous asphalt or popcorn mix. Open Graded Friction Course (OGFC) mix has various advantages such as increased permeability, noise reduction and enhanced surface friction, mix is mainly comprises of large coarse aggregates, little fine aggregates and maximum percentage of asphalt content which makes mix more expensive. In the present research work an attempt is made to reduce the cost of the mix by using reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) by replacing with conventional aggregates with increase percentage of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% with addition PMB 40 and Arbocell fiber as a stabilizing agent to prevent drain down. In order to determine the feasibility of using reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in open graded mixes various tests such as indirect tensile test, fatigue test and rutting test is carried out. By conducting test on Air voids, Cantabro test and Drain down the optimum binder content for conventional mix and for mix with RAP is determined. From the test results it is found that 30% of RAP can be replaced with conventional aggregates in open graded mixes.
Characterization and Analysis of Natural Fibre-Rice Husk with Wood Plastic Composites
Authors: Pratheep V G , Priyanka E B , Hare Prasad P
Published: November 2019

Natural fibers are renewable materials and have the ability to recycle. But, they are hydrophilic in nature and exhibit poor resistance to moisture.The main associated in developing new composite is adhesion property existing between fiber and matrix which can be enhanced by chemical variation which result in reducing hydrophilic nature. The powder with small particles was preferred since when the size of the particle decreases the intermolecular force adhesion increases. In this research work, matrix involving polyester resin possessing 62.07 of molecular weight (Mw) combined with rice husk (RH) to create an Hybridized Wood-Plastic Composite (HWPC). The impact of contribution of RH, wood powder by both contribution percent and its particle size are evaluated by investing its flexural, tensile and impact properties of HWPC. The investigation infers that by analyzing the percent of RH, wood powder, polyester resin matrix by weight ratio, it is inferred that the wood powder proportion increment increases the tensile property. Meanwhile, after reaching its maximum bar limit, it causes the impact and tensile property to get minimized rate. From mechanical properties analysis it results that high flexural strength can be obtained by smaller RH size utilization where it increases the interaction between RH and wood powder due to reduced voids and cavities which are obtained from the analysis of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis.
Enhancing wear rate of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) by adding ceramic particles to propose an option for artificial hip joint liner
Authors: Jamal Mahboba Yousuf , Abdullah Al-Shammari Mohsin
Published: November 2019

Wear of total hip prosthesis is a significant clinical problem that nowadays involves a growing number of patients. To acquire further knowledge on the tribological phenomena that involve hip prosthesis, wear tests must be done on new biomaterials to increase life of orthopaedic implants, the average serviceability of an artificial hip joint is around 15 years, this average looks fine for a patient over 60 years old while number of young patients is increasing due to life style or accidents which raise a caution for researchers to propose new materials or design in order to extend the average over 15 years. In this work an experimental work that concerned with improving HDPE for acetabular liner part, which is improved by adding ceramic (Alumina and Zirconia) to form hyper-composite material, a three percentages of ceramic (3%, 6% and 9%) will be added to remaining percentage of polyethylene which is tested with Pin on Disc wear test machine and the results obtained for specific wear constant (k) are (2.08, 1.28, 0.77 and 1.40)*10-4 mm3.N-1.m-1, The results shows that the composite with (94% HDPE, 4.8% Alumina and 1.2% Zirconia) has least wear rate among other composites, percentage of alumina to zirconia is kept at 80:20 as studies have shown that at this percentage best properties are gained as the density is at highest level. Microhardness is also tested for all specimens and showed a mild increment in hardness as ceramic content increase, although hardness increased but this does not necessarily impose lower wear rate as the equation of specific wear rate is derived from Archard equation which is based on theoretic model of hemispherical asperities with a constant (K) that compensate for asperities shape and other factors.
On the density calculation of fabricated zirconia toughened alumina by unconventional method
Authors: Kundu Sudip , Mazumder Subhrojyoti , SupradeepaPanual G , Ghosh Kunal , Mandal Nilrudra
Published: November 2019

Aim of the paper is to fabricate zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) by varying compaction pressure and sintering temperature from commercially available ZTA powder in the laboratory and postulate an unconventional method for estimating the bulk density in the zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) apart from conventional Archimedes principle method. The operating parameters have been selected to investigate the void fraction at different sintered conditions. The densities of the as sintered specimens are estimated from the micrograph taken at different positions of the specimens with the help of image processing method using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The results are compared with the conventional one and found a deviation of minimum and maximum of ∼ 3.34 and ∼ 5.95 % respectively. The said method can be considered for approximating the voids more precisely since during the conventional Archimedes method, the medium remains unable to reach into the core of each pore completely. At higher temperature the grain growth increases which in turn densifies the overall composite structure and thus leading to the pore reduction.
Dynamic analysis of fireworks industrial buildings under impulsive loading
Authors: Chellakavitha N. , Siveetha V.
Published: November 2019

90% of fire crackers are manufactured in firework industries situated in and around sivakasi town of virudhunagar district, Tamiladu. The fire work and match work industries are constructed by clay brick masonry. Where the accidental explosion may occur due to the mishandling of chemicals during manufacturing of fire crackers and is reported regularly. Since the clay brick masonry is brittle in nature, the failure of masonry often leads to flying debris resulting in loss of life/injury to a large number of people and property. Existing structures are lack in explosion resistance features and hence the structures are needed to be strengthened. Clay brick masonry models with 230mm & 300mm thickness were considered in this study and it is retrofitted with GFRP sheets of 3mm because of its low cost, corrosion resistance, high strain at failure and high tensile strength. This study mainly focuses on the performance of masonry unit retrofitted with GFRP sheets in different blast loading. The static & dynamic analysis were carried out using ANSYS software, The test result indicates that the deformation of a retrofitted unit is 67.8% less as compared to conventional unit.
Adhesion Property of Self-lubricating Si/MoS2 Nanocoating at Nano-scale Level
Authors: Banday Summera , Wani M.F. , Junaid Mir M. , Parveez Bisma
Published: November 2019

Nanoscratch test was performed on self-lubricating Si/MoS2 nanocoating of 115 nm thickness prepared by pulse laser deposited technique on Al-13Si substrate. The surface morphology and surface elemental analysis of Si/MoS2nanocoated sample were studied using Scanning electron microscope integrated with Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The structural analysis of Si/MoS2 nanocoating was conducted using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Nanoscratch tests were conducted at low load of 250-1250 µN to examine the adhesion, deformation and failure behaviour of the coating/substrate system. The results indicate that Si/MoS2 nanocoating show better adhesion strength at low loads. Also, in-situ scanning probe microscope images of Si/MoS2nanocoating shows plastic flow of coating with no debris and cracks on the surface. Therefore, the wear mechanism is mostly ductile and abrasive.
Antimicrobial activity of the novel metal oxide nanoparticles against selected human pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Gnanam S. , Ashokkumar R. , SenthilKannan K.
Published: November 2019

Antibacterial activities of the selected metal oxide nanoparticles viz., lead oxide (PbO), silver oxide (Ag2O), tin oxide (SnO2), alpha manganese sesquioxide (α–Mn2O3), cerium oxide (CeO2), silver doped tin oxide (Ag-SnO2), silver doped alpha manganese sesquioxide (Ag-α–Mn2O3), silver doped lead oxide (Ag-PbO) and silver doped cerium oxide (Ag-CeO2) have been successfully investigated against human pathogens, viz., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis. The antibacterial studies of the selected nanoparticles are primarily investigated by the well diffusion process. Different concentrations of the nanoparticles are analyzed by the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) technique. Among the metal oxide nanoparticles, the Ag-doped CeO2 nanoparticles showed maximum inhibition against E.coli, followed by against P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis and K. pneumoniae. Further, the MIC studies showed that, the Ag-CeO2 nanoparticles exhibited maximum inhibition against human pathogenic bacteria.
Constant &Reliable Power Supply by the Smart Grid Technology in Modern Power System
Authors: Hossain Bagdadee Amam , Li Zhang , Adam Ali Abdalla Modawy
Published: November 2019

Modern technology depends on the constant and reliable power supply of which is a vital element of the economic development of the country. The quality of power structure under fault unsafe condition has turned into a significant analysis for the power division units. The parameter as well as current, voltage, and frequency to achieve of the power system, it will be considered value due to the electrical power distribution system is failing to obtain the continuous and reliable electrical power supply. In perspective of these, propose of the smart uninterruptible Power Supplies (SUPS) with control of self-healing is a fundamental component of the smart grid. The smart grid works with an automatic technique to deal with enhancing the reliability, efficiency and power quality of the system. In the proposed concept can interface with the sustainable power sources to achieve the cost-effective energy moreover detecting the fault earlier and providing an achievable respond for self-healing in the smart grid. This paper tries to clarify the continuous and reliable power supply with providing the conceivable solution from Smart-UPS (SUPS) with self-healing control over Smart Grid. The control system has approved through the different case studies of the functional implementation of SUPS and the self-healing control in a smart grid system.
Tensile characteristics of HDPE/Walnut shell composites
Authors: Malagi Suprit , Anawal Rajesh , Gorabal S. V. , Doddamani Mrityunjay
Published: November 2019

Present work deals with tensile characterization of walnut shell (WS) powder (20, 40 and 60 volume %) reinforced High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) thermoplastic composites synthesized using injection molding. Composite density and tensile modulus increases with increasing WS content wherein tensile strength of composite samples is lower as compared to neat HDPE. Specific modulus and strength show increasing and decreasing trend with higher WS loading respectively.
Methyl red/polycarbazole composites: Humidity sensing characteristics and its adsorption kinetics study
Authors: Das Madhurima , Roy Somenath
Published: November 2019

Here, we have portrayed the development of novel polycarbazole - organic dye (methyl red) based composite material for humidity sensing application. Polycarbazole (PCz) was synthesized by well known chemical oxidative polymerisation method and PCz-dye composite material was developed via sonochemical technique. The porous nature of this organic moiety based composite material is apparent from FESEM micrograph. The optical property is simultaneously delineated by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The surface porosity of composite material is determined by BET analysis. This composite material is very sensitive towards humidity ranges from 8% to 97%. The best repeatability of the result is observed at very low (8%-23% RH) and very high (75%-97%) RH level. Moreover, the change in capacitance value in presence of different humidity level has been modelled using Redlich-Peterson isotherm model.
Implantable Devices with Reconfigurable Biosensing Analog Front End
Authors: Arunthathi J M , Prabhakar R
Published: November 2019

This paper, have a tendency to develop a reconfigurable analog front end for wireless body sensing element nodes and implantable devices with reduced size. By converting voltage in to current the effort to achieve the area efficiency is taken. Because these are bio implantable chips if the numbers of transistors are reduced it will reduce lots of power and area, the circuit operation is also quick. In the proposed system, narrow swing current mirror circuit is used in the low pass filter region. By using the current mirror the same input current can be obtained at the output. At the same time the area of the chip used in the devices gets reduced. The active space of the chip is 157µm2.
Low cost solution for 3D mapping of environment using 1D LIDAR for autonomous navigation
Authors: Athavale Rutuja , Harish Ram D.S , Nair Binoy B
Published: November 2019

The mobile robotics industry is booming rapidly and this demands low cost alternatives to autonomous navigation. Perceiving the unknown environment is of utmost importance for the robot to navigate. In this paper, a low cost indoor navigation system for mapping of stationary environment and object detection has been presented. Algorithm to convert 1D LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) into 3DLIDAR has been developed. Profile of the objects that are obstacles has been plotted using a simple, one dimensional point LIDAR. The system will detect the presence and shape of the object as quickly as possible using the adaptive scanning approach.
Supercapacitor technology and its applications: a review
Authors: Gautham Prasad G , Shetty Nidheesh , Thakur Simran , Rakshitha  , Bommegowda K B
Published: November 2019

Battery technologies are well established and widely used technology but they offer several disadvantages like weight, volume, large internal resistance, poor power density, poor transient response. On the other hand, due to advancement in the material and other technology, Supercapacitor or Ultracapacitors or Electrostatic Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) are a most promising energy storage device. They offer a greater transient response, power density, low weight, low volume and low internal resistance which make them suitable for several applications. This paper summarizes recent research and development in the field of supercapacitor technology. This paper gives a brief insight into the design, characteristics and applications of the supercapacitor.
Intelligent driving range predictor for green transport
Authors: Pai Sravan , Sindhu M R
Published: November 2019

Deployment of large number of electric vehicles has been planned in the coming years for improving fuel economy and to meet emission standards. Government of India plans to introduce subsidy/tax rebate/incentive for EV users who utilizes electrical energy in an optimal manner. The major anxiety of people opting for EV is low driving range and the accessibility of connection to the utility grid. If a facility is available to monitor battery parameters to compute power requirements and to list out nearest charging stations, it will help EV users a lot. This paper proposes an intelligent monitoring and predicting scheme for battery state of charge, driving range and other useful information. The scheme is validated with MATLAB/Simulink simulation results.
Using blockchain technology for file synchronization
Authors: Khan MD. Ibrahim , Faisal Fahad , Azam Sami , Karim Asif , Shanmugam Bharanidharan , De Boer Friso
Published: November 2019

Modern storage technology has shifted from traditional offline state to cloud based technology since some time now. Because of this transition, the present society is now more dependent on the online storage solutions. Synchronization of files and keeping a history of changes are critical parts of any cloud system. Therefore, an implementation of Blockchain Technology with traditional file synchronization and versioning system can be extremely fruitful. Blockchain is not a new technology, but recently its importance has sky-rocketed as the society is moving towards the decentralized World Wide Web. Blockchain is “an open, distributed ledger that can record transactions between two parties efficiently and in a verifiable and permanent way” [1]. Blockchain provides immutable data storage and access with the combination of Proof-of-Work [2, 3]. Due to such appealing features, the study undertaken here investigates and proposes a Blockchain based resilient cloud storage solution that makes a sound utilization of various properties fundamental to any Blockchain based framework.
Forecasting rainfall using soft computing techniques – A case study using India rainfall data
Authors: Nair Binoy B , Silamparasu S , Mohnish R , Deepak T S , Rahul M
Published: November 2019

In this study, an empirical evaluation of the effectiveness of soft computing techniques in forecasting annual and seasonal rainfalls on a nationwide and regional level is presented. Four different forecasting techniques, namely, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Adaptive Network based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Regression trees and linear regression, and two different techniques for data selection: expanding window and sliding window are considered. India is chosen as the test case mainly because of its immense topographical variations resulting in a highly diverse set of climates. A comparative study between the various techniques is also performed to find the best suited technique for the prediction.