bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new framework for understanding vision from the perspective of the primary visual cortex
Authors: Zhaoping Li
Published: May 2019

Visual attention selects only a tiny fraction of visual input informationfor further processing. Selection starts in the primary visual cortex (V1), which creates abottom-up saliency map to guide the fovea to selected visual locations via gaze shifts.This motivates a new framework that views visionas consisting of encoding, selection, and decoding stages, placingselection on center stage. It suggests a massive loss of non-selectedinformation from V1 downstream along the visual pathway.Hence, feedback from downstream visual cortical areas to V1 for better decoding (recognition),through analysis-by-synthesis, should query for additional information and be mainly directed atthe foveal region. Accordingly, non-foveal vision is not only poorer in spatial resolution,but also more susceptible to many illusions.
Twins Early Development Study: a genetically sensitive investigation into behavioural and cognitive development from infancy to emerging adulthood
Authors: Rimfeld Kaili , Malanchini Margherita , Spargo Tom , Spickernell Gemma , Selzam Saskia , McMillan Andrew , Dale Philip , Eley Thalia , Plomin Robert
Published: May 2019

The Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) is a longitudinal twin study that recruited over 16,000 twin pairs born between 1994 and 1996 in England and Wales through national birth records. More than 10,000 of these families are still engaged in the study. TEDS was and still is a representative sample of the population in England and Wales. Rich cognitive and emotional/behavioural data have been collected from the twins from infancy to emerging adulthood with data collection at first contact and at ages 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 21, enabling longitudinal genetically sensitive analyses. Data have been collected from the twins themselves, from their parents and teachers, and from the UK National Pupil Database. Genotyped DNA data are available for 10,346 individuals (who are unrelated except for 3,320 dizygotic co-twins). TEDS data have contributed to over 400 scientific papers involving more than 140 researchers in 50 research institutions. TEDS offers an outstanding resource for investigating cognitive and behavioural development across childhood and early adulthood and actively fosters scientific collaborations.
Manzanas podridas: Malas prácticas de investigación y ciencia descuidada
Authors: Abril-Ruiz Angel
Published: May 2019

La mayoría de disciplinas e industrias están en cambio permanente. Evolucionan de forma lenta y silenciosa, como las mutaciones de las especies, o de forma abrupta, crisis tras crisis. La ciencia afortunadamente no escapa a esta evolución. El conocimiento científico se construye sobre un sistema de confianza, la de unos investigadores sobre otros y la de sociedad sobre la ciencia, y esa confianza está siendo cuestionada. Los problemas son diversos, así como sus posibles causas y efectos: el número excesivo de publicaciones, el consumo de recursos (tiempo/dinero) en la generación de ciencia poco útil, la crisis de replicación… Una ciencia descuidada, al fin y al cabo, de la que son responsables los investigadores que la realizan.La temática de este ensayo se centra específicamente en un vector de este problema multidimensional: las malas prácticas de investigación.La industria científica se está enfrentando a un problema de integridad profesional. La historia nos ha dejado escándalos sonoros de científicos que mintieron haciendo su trabajo (Cyril Burt, John Darsee, J. H. Schon…), pero la proporción parece ir en aumento y su impacto puede ser ahora mayor que nunca, por la capacidad del conocimiento (bueno y malo) de expandirse rápidamente y hacia cualquier rincón del planeta (con conexión a internet). El modelo de «unas cuantas manzanas podridas» peca de optimista: la crisis es endémica.A lo largo de este trabajo vamos a conocer decenas de casos de investigadores que en algún momento de su carrera decidieron cruzar las líneas rojas de la integridad traicionando la confianza que los otros en ellos depositaron. Falsificación, fabricación, cocinado o masaje de datos, sesgo en la presentación de resultados, ocultación de variables, eliminación de muestras molestas, enunciado postexperimental de hipótesis… las prácticas cuestionables de investigación son innumerables.Para dar forma al problema se incluye un análisis de conceptos en torno a la integridad, fraude y prácticas cuestionables de investigación (qué es qué), un análisis de actores (quién es quién), un análisis internacional de casos de éxito (qué se hace en el mundo) y una breve reseña sobre las políticas de salvaguarda de la integridad de investigación en España. Como añadido final, se incluye una parte de recursos interesantes para el fomento de la cultura sobre integridad científica entre jóvenes investigadores, que puede ser útil para educadores.
Candidate Traits in Elections: When Good News for Selection is Bad News for Accountability
Authors: Schnakenberg Keith
Published: May 2019

We analyze a two-election political agency model with moral hazard and adverse selection in which candidates have observable traits such as job qualifications that help voters to imperfectly predict politicians' types. Candidate's traits can help voters select good types of politicians. However, selecting candidates with good traits can reduce accountability because the voter cannot commit to throw out politicians with good traits who produce bad outcomes. This result explains when and why voters may sometimes select candidates who they believe are less likely to be competent.
One Size Doesn’t Fit All: Connecting Views of Activism with Youth Activist Identification
Authors: Maher Thomas V. , Johnstonbaugh Morgan , Earl Jennifer
Published: May 2019

Identity is crucial to social movement participation. Existing research examines why active people “avoid” activist identities but has less to say about how active people adopt such identities as if they automatically follow participation. We draw on interviews with high school and college students from a midsize southwestern city to examine how young people make sense of what it means to be an activist, who identifies as such, and why youth are willing—or unwilling—to adopt this label. We find that respondents’ conceptualizations of “activists” are critical to (non)identification. Those who see activism as a broad category are more likely to identify, holding constant their level of activity. Those who see activism as a greedy institution, requiring significant substantive fluency, making the issue their primary focus, and willingness to sacrifice, do not, despite their level of engagement. Our findings have implications for identity formation and movement participation more broadly.
How to use opinion leaders to optimize a marketing campaign - A case study on YouTube
Authors: Tarrab Nissim , Brenes Jose Manuel Bejar , Gabay Taly
Published: May 2019

The study analyzes product consumption in the gamer’s community and the influence of opinion leaders on the web, specifically on YouTube videos. Researchers looked for the level of influence YouTube videos could have on the consumption behaviors of customers. There will be a profound analysis on opinion leaders and how we can use them to create marketing campaigns by understanding people's behavior online. People leave on the web many traces about their desires and the research aims to make a pattern to understand human mind decision making when buying a product. Consequently, there was found medium and positive relationship deeply detailed beneath.
Human Activity, Energy & Money in the United States: Connecting the Biophysical Economy with its Pecuniary Image
Authors: Fix Blair
Published: May 2019

There is no consensus, in political economy, about the exact relationship between the biophysical and the pecuniary spheres. This paper enters into the debate by asking the following question: how can a biophysical approach to political economy be used to gain insight into the complex interrelationship between the biophysical sphere of economic activity and its monetary image? After reviewing and critiquing land, labour, utlitarian, and energy theories of value, this paper abandons the search for a direct, causal connection (between the biophysical and the pecuniary) in favor of an impredicative, co-evolutionary approach. Using a synthesis of the work of Giampietro & Mayumi and Nitzan & Bichler, an empirical investigation is conducted that looks for linkages between monetary indicators, the inter-sectoral movement of human activity, and increases in energy consumption. Although the findings are complex, dynamic linkages between the biophysical and pecuniary spheres are consistently found.
Cincuenta años de la primera vida de Ricardo Palma
Authors: Pantigoso Manuel
Published: May 2019

Este año de 2019 la Universidad Ricardo Palma está cumpliendo 50 años de fundada y, al mismo tiempo, se conmemora el Centenario del fallecimiento del ilustre autor de las Tradiciones Peruanas. Por ello, el Instituto Ricardo Palma, para el evento internacional “Re-Visión de las Tradiciones” que se realizará este mes de octubre, está confeccionando un programa de conferencias, mesas redondas y actividades artísticas conmotivo de dicho jubileo.
La correspondencia entre Ricardo Palma y Nicolás de Piérola
Authors: Kapsoli Escudero Wilfredo
Published: May 2019

Las cincuenta y siete cartas y tres crónicas que escribió Ricardo Palma al presidente Nicolás de Piérola nos permiten comprender algunos aspectosesenciales propios de la Guerra con Chile, como el patriotismo del pueblo limeño, el saqueo de la Biblioteca Nacional, la marginación de la poblaciónindígena y el nacionalismo de Andrés Avelino Cáceres.
Ricardo Palma, ¿dueño de un semanario?
Authors: Varillas Montenegro Alberto
Published: May 2019

Desde muy joven, Ricardo Palma manifestó especial interés por el periodismo. Sin embargo, los pocos trabajos que se han contraído al estudio de Palma como periodista no han insistido en su participación en el semanario El Burro. El único ejemplar que se conoce de esta publicaciónse encuentra sumamente deteriorado como consecuencia del incendio que en 1943 destruyó la Biblioteca Nacional, especialmente su hemeroteca.Este trabajo estudia brevemente El Burro y, a propósito de él, evalúa la importancia que este tipo de publicaciones tuvo dentro de la vida peruanade mediados del siglo XIX.
La deuda con Palma
Authors: Díaz Ortiz Pedro
Published: May 2019

Desde la publicación de la Primera Serie de las Tradiciones peruanas de Ricardo Palma en 1872 hasta la actualidad, los escritores peruanos ylatinoamericanos han reconocido a la tradición como un género literario creado por Ricardo Palma. Sin embargo, la Real Academia de la LenguaEspañola no ha admitido hasta ahora en su diccionario académico (DLE) la acepción de la tradición como género literario. En el presente artículohacemos un recuento histórico de esta situación.
Las Tradiciones peruanas: expresiones del mundo de la vida
Authors: Arista Montoya Luis Alberto
Published: May 2019

Las Tradiciones peruanas de don Ricardo Palma expresan la tensión histórica entre un mundo de la vida virreinal-colonial que se resiste a fenecer y un mundo sistémico cuyos imperativos se imponen en un primer momento militarmente, para luego ser propuestos políticamente a través de lainstauración de nuevas instituciones republicanas.
Presencia y recurrencia de las Paremias en las Tradiciones peruanas de Ricardo Palma
Authors: Valdivia Paz-Soldán Rosario
Published: May 2019

Ricardo Palma es un escritor que merece ser leído varias veces, analizado, estudiado, traducido. Y desde hace muchos años los críticos literariose investigadores se han preocupado por estudiar la obra de nuestro tradicionista desde diversas perspectivas. Nuestro trabajo se centra en elanálisis de las paremias en cinco tradiciones de Ricardo Palma.
Las brujas de las Tradiciones
Authors: González Viaña Eduardo
Published: May 2019

Búsqueda en las Tradiciones Peruanas y en los Anales de la Inquisición de Lima de información acerca de creencias, rituales mágicos, objetos depoder y concepción del mundo. Comparación de los mismos con aquellos correspondientes al presente.
Definition of the Caribbean Islands biogeographic region, with checklist
and recommendations for standardized common names of amphibians and
reptiles
Authors: Hedges S. Blair , Powell Robert , Henderson Robert W. , Hanson Sarah , Murphy John C.
Published: May 2019

To facilitate biological study we define “Caribbean Islands” as a biogeographic region that includes the Antilles, the Bahamas, and islands bordering Central and South America separated from mainland areas by at least 20 meters of water depth. The advantages of this definition are that it captures nearly all islands with endemic species and with at least some Antillean-derived species, and still circumscribes a region of high biodiversity and biogeographic significance. We argue that Caribbean islands, in this expanded sense, are also cohesive from a conservation standpoint in that they share high human population densities and similar conservation threats. A disadvantage of this definition, strictly applied, is that it includes some islands (e.g., Trinidad) that have mostly mainland species. However, we propose that researchers can increase the stringency of the definition so that it is less inclusive, and make comparisons between different definitions as needed. We provide an updated checklist with standardized common English names for the 1,013 species of amphibians and reptiles occurring in the region, along with principles for constructing common names.
GEOTACTICAL AND NEUROCHEMICAL PHENOTYPES OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER FOLLOWING NIGELLA SATIVA EXPOSURE
Authors: Folarin Royhaan , Kayode Ayodele , Adenowo Thomas , Adeyanju Muinat , Olugbode Joshua , Obadeyin Esther
Published: May 2019

Drosophila melanogaster is a holometabolous frugivorous fly, with neurobiological and neurogenetic modelling importance owed to its small size, short life cycle, fast reproductive rate, low cost in maintenance and small tetra-chromosomal genome. Nigella sativa (Black seed) is a widely researched medicinal plant with numerous reported therapeutic activities in humans and rodents. Being the most abundant neurotransmitter in Drosophila, glutamate plays an important role in learning and memory, neuro-excitation but also neuro-inhibition. This research thus investigated the impacts of Nigella sativa on the survival rate, glutamate level and negative geotactical abilities in Harwich strains of Drosophila melanogaster. The experimental flies were exposed to varied concentrations of Nigella sativa oil for five days. The results showed a higher survival rate, glutamate level and negative geotactic ability for the lower dose flies, while the higher Nigella sativa dose flies recorded significantly lesser values in the trio. This indicates that Nigella sativa administered at 2.4ml/4ml (60%) of feed may be lethal to the general survival and physiological functions of adult Drosophila. The lower dose however shows a high potential of improving locomotive and neurochemical activities in flies, as further studies are on to further identify the most therapeutic dose of Nigella sativa in Drosophila melanogaster, with a range suggested based on the findings of this research
Social development of Russian nuclear power plant cities
Authors: Lazarenko V. A.
Published: May 2019

The article presents the analysis of the influence of historical factors on the development of Russian cities of nuclear power industry and the genetic types of these cities. Most of these cities are young, their socioeconomic state depends on the city-forming enterprise. The formation and development of nuclear power plant (NPPs) cities went in two ways: the city was built in parallel with the nuclear power plant (e.g., Novovoronezh, Desnogorsk, Kurchatov); the NPP was built near the settlement, and then NPP has influenced on socioeconomic development of the settlement, its employment structure, etc. (Volgodonsk and Balakovo). In USSR/Russia practice, the first way dominated, when an urban-type settlement was built near a NPP, such settlement then intensively grew and developed into a city. There are three types of Russian cities with NPPs: the cities formed and developed before the construction of the NPP; the cities developed due to the operation of NPPs, and the cities created and developed due to the operation of NPPs. It was found that the factor of formation of nuclear power industry in the city is decisive in the social development of almost all cities of NPPs and affects their current state.
Thermal field of the southern taiga landscape of the Russian plain
Authors: Puzachenko Yu. G. , Baibar A. S. , Varlagin A. V. , Sandlersky R. B. , Krenke A. N.
Published: May 2019

The technology of allocation of order parameters (invariants) of the spatial structure of the thermal field of the southern taiga landscape (Central Forest Nature Reserve) obtained on the basis of the analysis of the time series of measurements in the long-wave channel of Landsat satellites from 1986 to 2017 and reflecting its stationary state is considered. It is shown that the heat flux is measured by the satellite not directly from the forest crowns, but from the ground layer of the atmosphere, the state of which is determined by the parameters of the landscape. It is found that the invariant component of the spatiotemporal variation of the thermal field is displayed by two order parameters: the first mainly reflects the temperature of winter months, the second – of summer. The contribution of relief and vegetation to the determination of invariants and the autochthonous components of the thermal field determined by the transition zones between the landscape elements contrasting in thermal radiation are revealed. It is shown that the thermal field measured by the satellite reflects the heat flux from the ground layer of the atmosphere, which is in direct interaction with the landscape cover.
The Disposal of Radioactive Waste in Ice Sheets
Authors: Philberth K.
Published: May 2019

The waste containers should be retrievable for a few centuries until further research has solved all problems and 90Sr and 137Cs have decayed to less than 0.1%. Safe and fairly cheap retrievability can be guaranteed without container mooring. The paper presents an example: The high-level waste of the whole world for the next 30 years could be put in to 3 × 107 spherical containers with 0.2 m radius and disposed of in an area with 15 km radius and a depth range of 20–100 m under the surface of either the Antarctic or the Green land ice sheet. The deposit does not affect the stability of the sheet. Even the most upsetting natural ice-sheet instabilities and/or climatic changes could not cause radioactive contamination.
Sub-sea permafrost regime at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, U.S.A
Authors: Osterkamp T. E. , Harrison W. D.
Published: May 2019

A sub-sea permafrost drilling program was conducted near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. Sub-sea permafrost was found at all offshore drill sites and was characterized as being ice bonded or unbonded. The unbonded sub-sea permafrost occurred in a thin layer at the sea bed; the near-shore thickness of this layer appears to be controlled by the bathymetry. The mean annual sea-bed temperatures were about —3.4°C at 203 m offshore, — 1.1°C at 481 m offshore and —0.7°C at 3370 m offshore. The thermal diffusivity was about 21 m2 a-1 for unbonded sandy gravel with silt. The sub-sea permafrost soils were sandy gravel with some silt overlain by a thin layer of silty sand which increased in thickness from a few meters near shore to about 14 m at 3370 m offshore. A few small ice lenses were found in a hole 195 m offshore but no massive ice was observed. Pore-water salt concentrations at the sea bed were 3-4 times that of normal sea-water where ice was frozen to the sea bed and 1–2 times that of normal sea-water otherwise. Preliminary laboratory experiments showed that the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the unbonded sub-sea permafrost was about 10–6–10–7 m s–1. The permeability of the subterranean permafrost was zero.
Direct Simple Shear Tests on Snow and their Relation to Slab Avalanche Formation
Authors: McClung David M.
Published: May 2019

Many slab avalanches can be attributed to shear failure in a weak, thin basal layer at the slab base. A reasonable starting point for evaluation of the conditions prior to fracture is, therefore, an investigation of shear failure in thin samples of snow. This paper gives the experimental procedure and data on measurements of shear stress versus displacement for thin samples of snow under plane strain and approximately simple shear conditions. The data are given under varying conditions of strain-rate, normal stress, density and snow type. The results show that the samples exhibited strain-softening provided they were sheared faster than they gained strength by settlement under the chosen conditions. If snow fails at the base of a slab in the way in which it fails in the laboratory, then a mechanism is provided whereby tensile stresses would be produced in the slab and whereby the corresponding maximum principal stresses would be rotated toward a direction parallel to the slope, thereby promoting avalanche release.
Snow Drift
Authors: Adok U.
Published: May 2019

Wind-blown snow represents an age-old problem in the applied glaciology of most higher-latitude regions, but its physical intricacies first received attention in esoteric discussions on the long-term mass balance of polar ice sheets (Loewe, 1933, 1956). Measurements on the uniform unlimited surface of such ice sheets have shown good agreement, at least over a limited height range, with estimates for the concentration and flux of drift snow as a function of height and wind velocity based on turbulence theory. An alternative theory, developed concurrently from wind-tunnel results and field observations in Siberia, is discussed on the basis of its most recent exposition (Dyunin, 1974). Basic questions requiring further study include drift-snow concentrations at considerable heights, drift evaporation, and electrical phenomena. The main practical aspects of snow drift relate to the prevention of excess accumulation on roads, railway lines, and avalanche slopes; and to the encouragement of accumulation in fields and forests, and other locations where frost protection and/or storage of water is desired. The methods used are reviewed; they are beginning to rely on physical concepts and theories rather than solely on empirical formulae derived from engineering experiments.

In regions of positive surface mass balance, buildings and other structures tend to become obliterated by snow drift. An important factor of this process is the fall-out of snow in the retarded flow on the windward side of the structure. Some recent attempts to measure and calculate that fall-out are discussed.
Flexural Strength of Ice on Temperate Lakes
Authors: Gow Anthony J.
Published: May 2019

Large, simply supported beams of temperate lake ice generally yield significantly higher f1exural strengths than the same beams tested in the cantilever mode. Data support the view that a significant stress concentration may exist at the fixed corners of the cantilever beams. Maximum effects are experienced with beams of cold, brittle ice substantially free of structural imperfections; the stress concentration factor may exceed 2.0 in this kind of ice. In ice that has undergone extensive thermal degradation the stress concentration effect may be eliminated entirely. Simply supported beams generally test stronger when the top surface is placed in tension. This behavior is attributed to differences in ice type; the fine-grained, crack-free top layer of snow-ice usually reacting more strongly in tension than the coarse-grained bottom lake ice which is prone to cracking.
Snow Avalanches: A review of Current Research and Applications
Authors: LaChapelle Edward R.
Published: May 2019

Snow avalanches have long been an active area of applied glaciology. Empirical and traditional methods of forecasting and controlling avalanches are gradually giving way to the application of modern science and engineering. There are four areas of this science where progress is being made through active interaction among scientists, engineers, and practical men. The artificial, release of avalanches as a control measure has seen a large body of research regarding effects of explosives on snow but still is handicapped by inadequate basic knowledge about avalanche release mechanisms. There is currently a surge of interest in testing numerical methods of avalanche forecasting and several sophisticated statistical techniques have been introduced, but operational forecasting still depends largely on empirical experience. The pressure of development on alpine lands has brought to the fore a number of problems associated with mapping avalanches, determining their return intervals and deducing their behavior from both observations of terrain and vegetation and calculating their behavior from theory. The ability to predict the characteristics of moving avalanches is advancing through a combination of theoretical insights and field observations, but is inhibited by the difficulty of the latter.
Bearing Capacity of Floating Ice Sheets
Authors: Coon M. D.
Published: May 2019

Floating ice sheets are loaded thermally as well as mechanically by winds, water currents, and at times by man-made structures. When floating ice sheets are to be used in engineering problems, all of the applied loads must be accounted for. Determining the forces that will cause an ice sheet to fail is difficult not only because of the various kinds of loads, but also because the properties of ice sheets (fresh and sea) are dependent upon many variables, and the properties vary through the thickness of the ice sheet.
ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR IN UNWANTED PREGNANCY PREVENTION
Authors: Panjaitan Arip Ambulan
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Adolescent are at high risk of unwanted pragnency, including abortion, STIs, HIV/AIDS. Risky sexual behavior is one of the entrance transmissions of unwanted pregnancy. Such behavior can be influenced by various factors, beyond and within the individual factors. Teens need the support and motivation in deciding not to do risky sexual behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate the determinants of adolescent behavior in the prevention of unwanted pregnancy.Methods: This research used cross-sectional design. The populations were students of senior high school in District Sintang. The were 123 respondents chosen by cluster sampling technique for this study. All data were collected using questionnaires and then analysed using bivariate (chi square) and multivariate analysis (logistic regression).Results: The results showed that the majority of respondents did not have good knowledge about the prevention of unwanted pregnancy. Related variable is the level of parental education (p=0.001), the support of parents/guardians (p=0.009), support teachers (p=0.005), peer support (p=0.039), residency (p=0.009), a pastime activity (p=0.000), knowledge of adolescents about reproductive health (p=0.016), perception ability of adolescents (p=0.006) and attitude of adolescents (p=0.049). Adolescent self-perception abilities are variables that most influence on the behavior of adolescents in the prevention of unwanted pregnancy.Conclusions: Efforts to improve reproductive health programs should be early and adolescent have responsibilities as well as healthy behaviors.
The priming role of dendritic cells on the cancer cytotoxic effects of cytokine-induced killer cells
Authors: Vu Binh Thanh , Tran Nguyet Thi-Anh , Nguyen Tuyet Thi , Duong Quyen Thanh-Ngoc , Le Phong Minh , Le Hanh Thi , Pham Phuc Van
Published: May 2019

Introduction: In vitro cultivation of DCs and cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK cells) - a special phenotype of T lymphocyte populations — for cancer treatment has gained significant research interest. The goal of this study is to understand whether the priming from DCs helps CIK cells to exert their toxic function and kill the cancer cells.

Methods: In this research, DCs were differentiated from mononuclear cells in culture medium supplemented with Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and Interleukin-4 (IL-4), and were induced to mature with cancer cell antigens. Umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells were induced into CIK cells by Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), anti-CD3 antibody and IL-2. After 4-day exposure (with DC:CIK = 1:10), DCs and CIK cells interacted with each other.

Results: Indeed, DCs interacted with and secreted cytokines that stimulated CIK cells to proliferate up to 133.7%. In addition, DC-CIK co-culture also stimulated strong expression of IFN-γ. The analysis of flow cytometry data indicated that DC-CIK co-culture highly expressed Granzyme B (70.47% ± 1.53, 4 times higher than MNCs, twice higher than CIK cells) and CD3+CD56+ markers (13.27% ± 2.73, 13 times higher than MNCs, twice higher than CIK cells). Particularly, DC-CIK co-culture had the most specific lethal effects on cancer cells after 72 hours.

Conclusion: In conclusion, co-culture of DCs and CIK cells is capable of increasing the expression of CIK-specific characteristics and CIK toxicity on cancer cells.
Multilevel multinomial logit model to study individual migration decision in Viet Nam
Authors: Hung Pham Ngoc , Chung Pham Van , An Le Thi Thanh
Published: May 2019

In this paper we study the impact of relevant factors, such as individual characteristics, wages, living areas, on individual migration decisions. We have been using data from Labor Force Survey 2014 from Genaral Statistics Office of Vietnam (LFS 2014). We are going to evaluate how these above factors affect the status of "short-term migration" and "long-term migration" compared to "nonmigration". The well-known model in this field is the multinomial logistic model. However, the multinomial logistic model does not control the latent factors that have different effects on migration decision. This would result that the estimated coefficients of the variables would no longer be reliable (biased estimates due to lack of important variables). Hence, we have selected a multilevel multinomial logistic model. The levels we choose to control latent factors are province and region levels. As the results, the potential factors of different provinces and regions show different impacts on migration decisions. To sum up, a multilevel multinomial logistic model gives more reliable estimates, so it is more suitable for migration analysis compared to conventional multinomial logistic model.
KETERGANTUNGAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP HUTAN LINDUNG DALAM PROGRAM HUTAN KEMASYARAKATAN
Authors: Haryani Reni , Rijanta R
Published: May 2019

Salah satu program pemberdayaan masyarakat yang dilaksanakan oleh Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan adalah Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm), yang dilaksanakan di Dusun Kalibiru, Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk aktivitas ketergantungan masyarakat terhadap lahan HKm dan faktor-faktor yang mepengaruhi setelah pengembangan wisata alam. Responden dipilih dengan metode survei seluruh anggota kelompok tani HKm Mandiri. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan observasi lapangan dan dianalisa dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk ketergantungan masyarakat berupa pemehunan bahan pangan, penggunaan kayu dan bambu, pemungutan HMT, memanen empon-empon dan pengembangan wisata alam. Tingkat ketergantungan terhadap lahan HKm relatif rendah dikarenakan beberapa faktor yaitu umur, tingkat pendidikan, jumlah tanggungan keluarga, mata pencaharian utama, curahan waktu selama di lahan HKm, kepemilikan lahan, jarak rumah ke hutan, penggunaan lahan, pemanfaatan sumberdaya hutan dan perkiraan pendapatan. Adanya pengembangan ekowisata menurunkan tingkat ketergantungan masyarakat terhadap hutan lindung.
ANALISIS LAJU PERTUMBUHAN DAN STRUKTUR EKONOMI KABUPATEN SRAGEN
Authors: Anisah Lilis
Published: May 2019

Analisis terhadap laju pertumbuhan dan struktur ekonomi suatu wilayah bermanfaat terhadap penentuan kategori lapangan usaha unggulan dan potensi di wilayah tersebut. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) mencakup data PDRB atas dasar harga berlaku dalam delapan tahun terakhir yaitu tahun 2010 sampai 2017 dan data PDRB atas dasar harga konstan dalam tujuh tahun terakhir yaitu tahun 2011 sampai 2017 di wilayah Kabupaten Sragen maupun Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah LQ dan Tipologi Klassen. Analisis LQ memberikan hasil bahwa kategori lapangan usaha unggulan Kabupaten Sragen meliputi kategori A, B, D, E, G, gabungan M dan N, kategori P serta gabungan R, S, U dan T. Analisis Tipologi Klassen menunjukkan bahwa Kabupaten Sragen merupakan wilayah yang memiliki potensi untuk tumbuh dan berkembang secara perekonomian.
IMPLEMENTASI PEMBANGUNAN SKYBRIDGE DI KOTA SURAKARTA
Authors: Pamungkas Mahardhika Mulya Adi , Nurharjadmo Wahyu
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses dan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap implementasi pembangunan skybridge di Kota Surakarta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara dan dokumentasi, proses validitas data dilakukan dengan trianggulasi sumber dan teknik. Hasil penelitian ini berkesimpulan bahwa proses implementasi pembangunan skybridge di Kota Surakarta terbagi kedalam tiga tahapan yaitu tahap pengorganisasian, interpretasi, dan aplikasi. Terdapat faktor pendukung implementasi seperti Faktor Ukuran-Ukuran Dasar dan Tujuan Kebijakan; Faktor Sumber-Sumber: Faktor Komunikasi pada aspek transmisi, aspek kejelasan, aspek konsistensi, aspek ketepatan pada para pelaksana, dan kepada masyarakat yang terkena dampak secara langsung; Faktor Struktur Birokrasi pada aspek struktur organisasi, aspek alur koordinasi kerja, dan aspek standard operating procedures; Faktor Kondisi Ekonomi, Sosial, dan Politik pada aspek pendapat umum masyarakat mengenai kebijakan; serta Faktor Kecenderungan Pelaksana. Selain itu terdapat faktor penghambat pula seperti Faktor Komunikasi pada aspek ketepatan pada kepada masyarakat yang tidak terkena dampak secara langsung; Faktor Struktur Birokrasi pada aspek fragmentasi; Faktor Kondisi Ekonomi, Sosial, dan Politik pada aspek pengaruh kondisi sosial.
TINJAUAN TEORI PERENCANAAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM PEMANFAATAN DANA DESA
Authors: Afifah Yeni Nur
Published: May 2019

Abstraksi. Undang-Undang Nomor 6 tahun 2014 tentang Desa telah menjadikan desa sebagai ujung tombak salah satu upaya memeratakan pembangunan dan peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat di Indonesia. Sejak awal digelontorkan, Dana Desa ini terus menjadi sorotan mengingat nominalnya yang cukup besar dan selalu meningkat setiap tahunnya. Mengingat program-program yang terselenggara melalui pemanfaatan Dana Desa sejatinya merupakan program pembangunan, sudah seyogyanya jika di dalamnya juga melibatkan kajian perencanaan agar tujuan-tujuan yang hendak dicapai dapat terwujud secara optimal. Pendekatan yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah pendekatan deduktif yang bermula dari teori dan kajian pustaka dan kemudian dijadikan acuan dalam mengkaji obyek penelitian. Adapaun metode analisisnya menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan data yang diperoleh dari wawancara mendalam dan studi dokumen dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling yang dilanjutkan ke snow-ball sampling. Terhitung sejak tahun 2015 hingga 2018, desa Jatiroto telah menghasilkan enam produk pembangunan dari program pemanfaatan Dana Desa, yakni jalan desa, talud jalan, jalan pertanian, revitalisasi lapangan voli, pembangunan kios desa, dan penyertaan modal BUMDes. Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan sebelumnya, ternyata program-program yang dijalankan tersebut tidak sesuai dengan teori perencanaan secara umum.
KETERSEDIAAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU DAN URBAN HEAT ISLAND DI KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Kurnianti Rindi
Published: May 2019

Urban Heat Island (UHI) merupakan fenomena peningkatan relatif suhu di daerah urban dibandingkan rural yang banyak terjadi di kota-kota besar dunia termasuk di Indonesia. Makassar sebagai kota dengan tingkat pertumbuhan yang tinggi merupakan salah satu kota yang terdampak fenomena ini. Salah satu upaya mitigasi UHI adalah dengan meningkatkan luasan ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) di daerah perkotaan. Sebagai upaya mitigasi UHI, perlu dilakukan analisis mengenai luasan RTH dan UHI di Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan Citra Landsat 8 pada tahun 2013 dan 2018 untuk menganalisis luasan RTH dan UHI di Kota Makassar. Index vegetasi NDVI digunakan sebagai indikator luasan vegetasi pada citra. Analisis dilakukan pada tiap kecamatan sehingga diperoleh perbandingan luas vegetasi terhadap UHI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu rerata pada 2013 dan 2018 di Kota Makassar telah melebihi ambang batas. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa tiga kecamatan (Rappocini, Panakkukang dan Makassar) memiliki nilai UHI yang tinggi diikuti dengan pengurangan luas vegetasi selama 2013-2018. Suhu rerata juga mengalami kenaikan pada tahun 2013 (28,42oC) dibandingkan dengan tahun 2018 (29.54oC). Dari hasil penelitian kemudian dirumuskan strategi untuk mitigasi UHI di Kota Makassar.
KORELASI ANTARA PENGETAHUAN PERAWAT DENGAN PERILAKU FIVE MOMENT FOR HAND HIGYENE di RSUD dr. SOEHADI PRIJONEGORO SRAGEN
Authors: SANTOSO MAY DWI YURI
Published: May 2019

Abstraksi : Hand hygiene merupakan membersihkan tangan dari kotoran dengan sabun atau cairan antiseptik. Salah satu komponen indikator mutu pelayanan di rumah sakit adalah kejadian infeksi yang dapat dicegah dengan hand hygiene. Analisis akar masalah menunjukkan faktor pengetahuan merupakan determinan kepatuhan hand hygiene. Perilaku hand hygiene perawat merupakan salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan perawat dan pasien dalam pencegahan terjadinya infeksi nosokomial. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui korelasi antara pengetahuan perawat dengan perilaku five moment for hand higyene di RSUD dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Sragen. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampling, diperoleh jumlah sampel 53 perawat di RSUD dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Sragen. Teknik analisa data yang digunakan adalah statistik non parametric uji statistik Rank Spearman (rho) dengan taraf signifikasi 0,05. Hasil penelitian pengetahuan perawat mayoritas pada kategori baik sebanyak 409 responden (75,5%) dan perilaku perawat five moment for hand higyene mayoritas pada kategori baik sebanyak 41 responden (77,4%). Hasil uji statistik dengan menggunakan Uji Spearman rank diperoleh nilai p value 0,000 < 0,05. Kesimpulan ada korelasi antara pengetahuan perawat dengan perilaku five moment for hand higyene di RSUD dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Sragen.

Kata kunci : Pengetahuan, Perilaku, Five Moment For Hand Higyene
Aplikasi Pengunci Alamat Website dan Desktop di Perpustakaan Online Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Jawa Barat
Authors: Sutisna Asep
Published: May 2019

ABSTRAK. Aplikasi pengunci alamat website dan desktop yang telah dirancang saat ini dapat diterapkan pada komputer-komputer layanan perpustakaan berbasis website (online) yang ada di Pelayanan Statistik Terpadu (PST) Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Provinsi Jawa Barat yang masih menggunakan web browser tanpa aplikasi pengaman. Kekurangan dari penggunaan komputer yang menggunakan web browser untuk alamat website yang telah ditentukan yaitu perpustakaan online BPS adalah rentan terhadap pengguna yang sering membuka alamat website selain yang telah ditentukan tersebut, merubah seting komputer yang telah ditentukan, dan membuka file-file yang tidak dijinkan. Hal ini karena petugas perpustakaan tidak dapat mengawasi secara langsung pengguna yang menggunakan komputer tersebut. Oleh karena itu aplikasi ini dirancang agar komputer yang digunakan untuk perpustakaan online dapat tidak dengan mudah diubah setingnya, pengguna tidak dapat membuka alamat website selain perpustakaan online, dan pengguna tidak dapat membuka file-file yang tidak dijinkan. Rancang sistem yang digunakan pada jurnal penelitian ini menggunakan metode low fidelity prototype. Hasil pengujian dengan metode black box menunjukkan bahwa pengguna komputer perpustakaan online hanya dapat membuka aplikasi perpustakaan online BPS dan seting komputer dapat terjaga setingannya dengan baik.
PENERAPAN DINAMIKA KELOMPOK SOSIAL DALAM MENURUNKAN INFEKSI KECACINGAN DAN MENINGKATKAN STATUS GIZI, PERKEMBANGAN ANAK TODDLER DI KOTA KEDIRI
Authors: Rahmawati Elfi Quyumi
Published: May 2019

Infeksi cacing pada saluran pencernaan menyebabkan proses penyerapan zat gizi  terganggu. Status gizi yang rendah berdampak pada penurunan kemampuan kognitif anak sehingga perkembangan anak mengalami keterlambatan. Anak toddler merupakan golongan yang paling beresiko terhadap kejadian infeksi cacing. Anak dengan infeksi kecacingan memiliki albumin dan total protein yang rendah, timbul diare dan anemia sehingga menurunkan prestasi belajar dan produktivitas. Perlu dilakukan pendampingan keluarga dengan memberikan pengetahuan dan praktek tata cara mencegah infeksi cacing  berupa penyuluhan tentang perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat, penyuluhan tentang pentingnya pemenuhan gizi yang seimbang pada anak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dinamika kelompok sosial terhadap infeksi kecacingan, status gizi dan perkembangan anak usia toddler. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pre eksperimental dengan rancangan one group pre – pos test design pada keluarga dengan anak usia toddler di desa Lirboyo Kediri. Data kecacingan pada anak diperoleh dengan pengambilan sampel feces dan diperiksa dengan metode formal ether concentration di laboratorium parasitologi, data status gizi diperoleh dengan pengukuran berat badan dan umur. Data perkembangan anak di peroleh dengan pengukuran DDST (Denver Devalopment Screning Test). Analisa data menggunakan analisa bivariat yaitu uji chi square dan analisa multivariate menggunakan uji Wilcoxon dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% (α = 0.05).Hasil Penelitian ini didapatkan Adanya peningkatan Status gizi Toddler (P= 0,000), ada peningpatan perkembangan anak toddler ( p=0,000), Dengan dinamika kelompok social diharapkan dapat mendeteksi dini adanya infeksi cacing maka pengobatan dan perbaikan status gizi anak dapat dilakukan sehingga keterlambatan perkembangan anak dapat dicegah.; Kata Kunci: Dinamika Kelompok Sosial, Kecacingan, status gizi, perkembangan, anak toddler
Human Learning, Memory, and Student Development
Authors: Erickson Alan
Published: May 2019

In higher education we understand that learning and memory are symbiotic but not synonymous. Illeris (2018) noted that learning can be defined broadly as any process that leads to “change” and is not solely related to maturation or aging (p. 7). In higher education however, we are more interested in managing student education through the manipulation of learning acquisition and student-environment interactions (Illeris, 2018). Memory is an ill-defined event, which happens in our brain, and is impacted by many external factors (Roediger & Wertsch, 2008).
In this paper I will explore issues of student development, human learning, human memory, and how these concepts should inform higher education’s approach to curricular issues and design. I will explore unique learning and memory concepts to provide a better understanding of the many facets of memory and learning. Additionally, I will survey ideas on curricular design that could incorporate important learning and memory concepts.
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI PENGGUNAAN MODEL COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE EXAMPLES NON EXAMPLES PADA MATA KORESPONDENSI DI KELAS X ADP¹ SMK NEGERI 1 LIMBOTO
Authors: T. Ishak Nikmawaty
Published: May 2019

Abstrak

              Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada siswa kelas X ADP¹ pada SMK Negeri 1 Limboto dengan  menggunakan model cooperative learning tipe examples non examples pada mata pelajaran pada mata pelajaran korespondensi dengan indikator penelitian: jumlah siswa yang memperoleh nilai minimal 75 meningkat dari 53.33% menjadi 80%.Sebagai simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah telah terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar siswa kelas X ADP¹ SMK Negeri 1 Limboto. Hal ini ditujukkan dengan data sebagai berikut: 1) Hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I meningkat dari hasil observasi awal dan 2) Hasil belajar siswa pada siklus II telah meningkat, sehingga dengan demikian dapatlah disimpulkan bahwa hipotesis penelitian Jika menggunakan model cooperative learning tipe examples non examples pada mata pelajaran Korespondensi  kelas X ADP¹ SMK Negeri”, dengan indikator penelitian : jumlah siswa yang memperoleh nilai meningkat.
UPAYA KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA GURU MELALUI SUPERVISI KLINIS DI SDN 07 WANGGARASI
Authors: Lapu Aziz
Published: May 2019

Abstrak

Tujuanpenelitianiniadalahuntukmengetahuipeningkatankinerja guru SD Negeri 07 Wanggarasidalam proses pembelajaranmelaluisupervisiklinis.Jenispenelitian yang digunakandalampenelitianiniadalahpenelitiantindakansekolah. Kegiatandalampenelitianiniterdiriatastahapanperencanaantindakan, pelaksanaantindakan, observasi, danrefleksi. Hasilpenelitianmenunjukkanbahwasebelumsiklus I dari 8 orang guru yang memperolehkinerjabaikada 2 orang atau 25% meningkatmenjadi 4 orang guru  atau 50%. Sedangkan yang mendapatnilaikinerjakurangdari 2 orang guru  menjaditidakadalagi. Hal iniberartiadapeningkatansekitar 25%. Namundemikian, supervisiklinispada proses pembelajaranharustetapdilanjutkankarenapadasiklus I masihada 4 orang guru atau 50% mendapatnilaicukupdanbelumada yang mendapatnilaikinerjaamatbaikPadasupervisiklinissiklus II, dari 8 orang guru yang memperolehkinerjaamatbaiksudahada 1 orang atau 12,5 %, yang memperolehnilaikinerjabaikadameningkatmenjadi 6 orang guru  atau 75%. Dan yang mendapatnilaikinerjacukuppadasiklus I terdapat 2 orang guru  atau 25% , padasiklus II hanyaada 1 orang guru atau 12,5%. Hal iniberartiadapeningkatan yang signifikandarisiklus I kesiklus II, sehinggapenelitianinidihentikanpadasiklus II dantidakdilanjutkanpadasiklusberikutnya.
PENERAPAN SEMANTIK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI SMA NEGERI 3 GORONTALO
Authors: Kase Sarjan
Published: May 2019

Abstrak

Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana penerapan semantik dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di SMA Negeri 3 Gorontalo. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga memberikan gambaran yang spesifik terhadap persoalan pembelajaran semantik di sekolah. Data diambil dari kalimat yang disampaikan oleh seorang guru berkenaan dengan semantik. Sumber data diambil dari buku semantik yang telah ditulis oleh pakar dan wawancara kepada sesama guru bahasa Indonesia di SMA Negeri 3 Gorontalo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa makna semantic yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia yaitu, makna afektif, makna denotatif, makna deskriptif, makna emotif, makna kiasan. Selain itu, ditemukan juga beberapa upaya yang dapat dilakukan dalam mengatasi persoalan pembelajaran semantik di sekolah.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN GURU SD NEGERI 02 WANGGARASI DALAM PENYUSUNAN TES HASIL BELAJAR MELALUI SUPERVISI AKADEMIK
Authors: Tahibu Tetty Satari
Published: May 2019

Abstrak

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan karena guru dalam menyusun tes hasil belajar akhir semester belum maksimal sehingga pemahaman peserta didik terhadap soal tidak maksimal. Untuk mengetahui apakah melalui supervisi akademik dapat meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam menyusun tes hasil belajar akhir kelas I-VI dan guru mata pelajaran agama dan PJOK SD Negeri 02 Wanggarasi tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Subjek dalam penelitian adalah seluruh guru kelas I-VI dan guru mata pelajaran agama dan PJOK di SD Negeri 02 wanggarasi yang berjumlah 8 orang. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dengan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan adanya penerapan supervisi akademik dapat meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam menyusun tes hasil belajar akhir semester di SD Negeri 02 wanggarasi. Hal ini dapat diketahui dari hasil penelitian yaitupenilaian yang dilakukan oleh peneliti di kondisi awal rata-rata yang diperoleh adalah 62,13.Setelah dilaksanakan supervisi akademik siklus I meningkat menjadi 66,69 dan pada siklus II menjadi 77,75. Selain itu guru dapat mengikuti supervisi akademik dengan baik.