bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trading à haute fréquence, une innovation de trop
Authors: Durana Gabrielle
Published: March 2013

Wall Street, le palais Brongniart ne sont plus que des façades. L’essentiel des opérations boursières se déroule ailleurs, dans des bâtiments du New Jersey ou de la banlieue londonienne qui abritent d’énormes serveurs. La dérégulation boursière et l’informatisation ont permis le développement du trading haute fréquence, qui permet de faire des milliers d’opérations en quelques microsecondes... et peut déstabiliser le système financier tout entier.
Terrence Malick : de la nature à la grâce
Authors: Amiel Vincent
Published: March 2013

La nature, dans les films de Terrence Malick, est souvent présentée en parallèle à la parole humaine, qui ne parvient jamais vraiment à la saisir. Cette insaisissabilité ne l’enferme pas dans le spectre de la nostalgie, mais montre qu’il est possible d’excéder le langage. Il ne s’agit pas pour l’homme de maîtriser ce qui l’entoure, mais peut-être de s’en sentir responsable, de changer de regard ; c’est la grâce, alors, qui vient donner cette nouvelle perspective dans les derniers films, The Tree of Life et À la merveille .
Les relations familles-professionnels de la petite enfance en belgique francophone
Authors: Camus Pascale , Dethier Anne , Pirard Florence
Published: March 2013

L’article propose une réflexion sur la place des familles dans les services d’accueil de la petite enfance en Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles à partir de l’analyse des prescrits récemment parus, de la production d’outils de référence professionnels et de différentes expériences de terrain. Cet examen de l’évolution du cadre légal, des documents de référence et de leur mode de production en Belgique francophone a fait apparaître la valorisation d’une attention à accorder aux familles dans les services de la petite enfance. L’expérience de terrain montre le décalage entre les prescrits et leur mise en œuvre qui se révèle extrêmement variable. Des tensions opèrent tant au niveau de l’accessibilité des services que dans la manière dont l’accueil quotidien fait place aux familles. Cette réflexion contribue à définir les enjeux de la professionnalisation.
Quelques pas vers l'accueil des familles. L'entretien avec les parents à la crèche
Authors: Catarsi Enzo , Sharmahd Nima
Published: March 2013

L’article prend en compte le panorama italien des services pour la petite enfance, en relation avec les familles. Après une introduction initiale au système contemporain, composé d’une multitude de typologies familiales, de plus en plus isolées du point de vue affectif, l’article met en évidence le rôle de la crèche comme contexte d’éducation/accompagnement familial, en tenant compte de la valeur de la « coéducation ». Dans ce contexte, l’entretien individuel entre l’éducatrice et le couple parental a modifié le sens de la relation qui, auparavant allait des éducatrices vers les parents. En s’inspirant de ces réflexions, une recherche-action a été réalisée en Toscane, durant l’année 2009-2010. Douze entretiens individuels de préadaptation ont été filmés, dans l’objectif de mettre en évidence les points forts et les points difficiles liés aux modalités à travers desquelles les éducatrices ont mené les interactions. Les enregistements vidéos ont été analysés avec les éducatrices, en combinant la recherche avec la formation, afin de réfléchir de manière participative sur les méthodes de communication utilisées avec les familles.
« Rapprocher une école primaire et ses parents d'élèves ». Un outil québécois adapté à une école primaire en France
Authors: Claudel Mélanie , Schneide Benoît , Seiwert Denis
Published: March 2013

Cet article présente une recherche-action réalisée dans une école primaire de Lorraine (France) ayant pour objectif de rapprocher l’équipe éducative et les parents d’élèves pour une meilleure adaptation des enfants à l’école. Afin de relancer le processus de réflexion de l’équipe et mettre en place des actions en faveur d’un partenariat école-familles, la recherche s’appuie sur l’outil québécois « Rapprocher les familles et l’école primaire » (Gouvernement du Québec, Ministère de l’Éducation, 2004) pour mettre en lien les réponses de l’équipe éducative, recueillies lors de séances de travail portant sur l’inventaire de ses pratiques de collaboration avec les parents, leur analyse et la planification des nouvelles actions, et celles relatives à la passation d’un questionnaire adressé aux parents concernant leurs points de vue, attentes et besoins vis-à-vis de l’école. L’article présente les résultats principaux et les préconisations qu’ils ont permis.
Current research, part C, Canadian Shield
Authors:   Geological Survey of Canada
Published: March 2013

The Meliadine Lake area is underlain by an Archean (ca 2.63 Ga) supracrustal sequence which forms a regional scale, Archean F2 syncline. Along the north limb, three sets of pre-F2 mesoscopic folds are present in a turbidite-hosted, locally auriferous oxide
ironjormation. An assemblage of biotite + chlorite in silicate-rich layers of the iron-formation is overprinted by random intergrowths of fine grained grunerite + hornblende + carbonate with pyrrhotite, and coarse hornblende +!- biotite with arsenopyrite. Textures suggest that gold mineralization is
associated with S, Ca and C02 metasomatism, and is controlled by the oungest set of pre-F 2/olds. The Archean lithologies in the Barbour Bay region are dominated by polydeformed quartzofeldspathic gneiss, migmatite, granitoid plutons, paragneiss, amphibolite, and garnetiferous, silicate
ironjormation. Folded high-strain zones containing tectonized remnants of anorthosite, gabbro, and pegmatite transect the gneisses. Four sets of folds and one event of amphibolite grade metamorphism are recognized. The distribution of lithologies is controlled by west-plunging F 3Jolds. The mapping
indicates the presence of flat-lying, crustal-scale tectonic slabs.
Predictive surficial materials and surficial geology derived from LANDSAT 7, Hearne Lake, NTS 85I, Northwest Territories
Authors: Stevens C W , Kerr D E , Wolfe S A , Eagles S
Published: March 2013

Surficial materials and surficial geology maps provide important geoscience information required for geological reconstructions, mineral exploration and development, and land use planning in northern Canada. In this study, remote predictive mapping was used to
derive predictive surficial materials and surficial geology maps for Hearne Lake NTS 85-I, located within the Slave Geological Province. The predictive maps were generated using radiometrically balanced LANDSAT 7 imagery and knowledge gained from airphoto interpretations, field observations and
legacy datasets. This Open File contains graphical and digital georeferenced versions of the predictive maps. A printable version of the predictive surficial geology map is provided in pdf format (map scale 1:125 000).
Die kerklied en kommunikasie deur woord en melodie
Authors: Van Rooy Jacoba H.
Published: March 2013

’n Vraag wat min gestel word in die beoordeling van die funksie van gemeentelike sang is die vraag na die wisselwerking tussen die liedteks en die melodie. Hierdie wisselwerking speel ’n groot rol in die kommunikasie deur die lied in die erediens. In hierdie artikel word gelet op Skrifgegewens wat van toepassing is, op enkele perspektiewe uit die kerkgeskiedenis en op teoretiese aspekte van die kerklied en kommunikasie. Sekere sake uit ’n empiriese ondersoek, toegespits op die Gereformeerde Kerke in Suid-Afrika (GKSA), lig die saak verder toe. Predikante het ’n besondere verantwoordelikheid om die kommunikasiemoontlikhede deur die kerklied te bevorder deur ’n verantwoorde keuse van liedere wat gesing word, die uitbreiding van ’n gemeenterepertorium, sinvolle samewerking met die orrelis en toeligting van die liedkeuses.The hymn and communication through word and melody. The interaction between the melody and the words of a hymn is not regularly taken into account in evaluating the function of congregational singing. This interaction is, however, very important for the communication effected by a hymn during a service. This article discusses Scriptural data important for this topic, some perspectives from church history and theoretical aspects of communication through hymns. Data from an empirical investigation directed at the Reformed Churches in South Africa (RCSA) sheds light on this topic. Ministers of religion have a special responsibility to enhance the possibilities of communication through hymns by their selection of hymns, the broadening of the repertoire of a congregation, meaningful cooperation with the organist and explaining the choice of hymns.
Prognostic Estimator of Survival for Patients with Localized and Extended Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gleason Michael X. , Mdzinarishvili Tengiz , Are Chandrakanth , Sasson Aaron , Sherman Alexander , Shats Oleg , Sherman Simon
Published: March 2013

The 18,352 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cases from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method for the following variables: race, gender, marital status, year of diagnosis, age at diagnosis, pancreatic subsite, T-stage, N-stage, M-stage, tumor size, tumor grade, performed surgery, and radiation therapy. Because the T-stage variable did not satisfy the proportional hazards assumption, the cases were divided into cases with T1- and T2-stages (localized tumor) and cases with T3- and T4-stages (extended tumor). For estimating survival and conditional survival probabilities in each group, a multivariate Cox regression model adjusted for the remaining covariates was developed. Testing the reproducibility of model parameters and generalizability of these models showed that the models are well calibrated and have concordance indexes equal to 0.702 and 0.712, respectively. Based on these models, a prognostic estimator of survival for patients diagnosed with PDAC was developed and implemented as a computerized web-based tool.
Model for acid-base chemistry in nanoparticle growth (MABNAG)
Authors: Yli-Juuti T. , Barsanti K. , Hildebrandt Ruiz L. , Kieloaho A.-J. , Makkonen U. , Petäjä T. , Ruuskanen T. , Kulmala M. , Riipinen I.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. Climatic effects of newly-formed atmospheric secondary aerosol particles are to a large extent determined by their condensational growth rates. However, all the vapors condensing on atmospheric nanoparticles and growing them to climatically relevant sizes are not identified yet and the effects of particle phase processes on particle growth rates are poorly known. Besides sulfuric acid, organic compounds are known to contribute significantly to atmospheric nanoparticle growth. In this study a particle growth model MABNAG (Model for Acid-Base chemistry in NAnoparticle Growth) was developed to study the effect of salt formation on nanoparticle growth, which has been proposed as a potential mechanism lowering the equilibrium vapor pressures of organic compounds through dissociation in the particle phase and thus preventing their evaporation. MABNAG is a model for monodisperse aqueous particles and it couples dynamics of condensation to particle phase chemistry. Non-zero equilibrium vapor pressures, with both size and composition dependence, are considered for condensation. The model was applied for atmospherically relevant systems with sulfuric acid, one organic acid, ammonia, one amine and water in the gas phase allowed to condense on 3–20 nm particles. The effect of dissociation of the organic acid was found to be small under ambient conditions typical for a boreal forest site, but considerable for base-rich environments (gas phase concentrations of about 1010 cm−3 for the sum of the bases). The contribution of the bases to particle mass decreased as particle size increased, except at very high gas phase concentrations of the bases. The relative importance of amine versus ammonia did not change significantly as a function of particle size. While our results give a reasonable first estimate on the maximum contribution of salt formation to nanoparticle growth, further studies on, e.g. the thermodynamic properties of the atmospheric organics, concentrations of low-volatility organic acids and amines, along with studies investigating the applicability of thermodynamics for the smallest nanoparticles are needed to truly understand the acid-base chemistry of atmospheric nanoparticles.
The Shaping of EU-Mercosur Relations: From Altruism to Pragmatism and Liberalism to Illiberalism
Authors: Dudek Carolyn Marie
Published: March 2013

Deeply-embedded norms of liberalism and protectionism alongside EU policies focusing on promoting development and regional integration have shaped EU-Mercosur relations.  These stand in stark contrast to the policies of the US, the historic hegemon in the region. This paper utilizes historical institutionalism to understand how the liberal tenets of EU competition policy and the protectionism of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) have affected EU-Mercosur relations. Particular foci include Spain’s role in spearheading efforts to promote EU-Latin American relations and the way EU competition policies directed against monopolies in Europe spurred increased investment in Latin America, especially the Southern Cone.  The latter prompted the EU to forge closer ties with Mercosur, encouraged cooperation and development programs and spurred regional integration and liberal trade regimes in Latin America.
Real-Time PCR as a New in vitro Biocompatibility Method to Measure Leukocyte Response to Surface Contact in Dialysis Filter Devices
Authors: Brodbeck Katrin , Neubauer Markus , Schnitzer Susanne , Dietrich Ruth , Hulko Michael , Krause Bernd
Published: March 2013

Introduction

The mortality risk of dialysis patients is still elevated. Even though there is continuous improvement in the biocompatibility of dialysis devices and treatments, there is clinical evidence of a negative inflammatory impact. One dialysis-related risk factor to be considered in this regard may be the repeated blood exposure to foreign filter surfaces. Standard test methods do not allow differences to be shown between most of the common dialysis devices.

Methods

A new highly sensitive in vitro test system was developed by analyzing the response of leukocytes to surface contact in dialysis filter devices by means of quantitative real time PCR and flow cytometry. Membrane surface studies provided additional physical data.

Results

An increase in the transcription level of specific pro-inflammatory genes, particularly IL-1β, TNF alpha, and IL-8, was observed after blood contact to the filter devices. In two sets of pairwise filter comparisons, radiation-sterilized filters showed stronger cell activation, more hydrophilic membranes, and rougher surfaces.

Conclusions

Quantitative real time RT-PCR was shown to be a new in vitro test method with increased sensitivity for detecting differences in activation levels of leukocytes upon membrane contact. Correlating leukocyte activation levels with surface properties opens new opportunities for understanding leukocyte activation upon membrane contact and thus guides further improvements in the biocompatibility of dialysis filter devices.
Reduced Sevoflurane Loss during Cardiopulmonary Bypass when using a Polymethylpentane versus a Polypropylene Oxygenator
Authors: Hinz Jose , Molder Jan Martin , Hanekop Gerd-Gunnar , Weyland Andreas , Popov Aron-Frederik , Bauer Martin , Kazmaier Stephan
Published: March 2013

Purpose

The goal of this investigation was to examine the influence of two oxygenators with different membranes, made of either polypropylene (PPL) or polymethylpentane (PMP), on the plasma concentration of sevoflurane during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Methods

The concentrations of sevoflurane during cardiopulmonary bypass were examined in patient plasma, endotracheal tubes, cardiotomy reservoirs and the outlets of the heart-lung oxygenators in twenty patients who underwent elective heart surgery.

Results

The sevoflurane losses are smaller in cardiopulmonary bypass when using a polymethylpentane versus a polypropylene oxygenator. Ten minutes after beginning cardiopulmonary bypass, the sevoflurane plasma concentration in the PPL oxygenator group compared to the PMP oxygenator group fell significantly (PPL 0.48-1.79 (0.93) vs. PMP 0.80-2.15 (1.56) μL x 100 mL−1, p = 0.02). This difference persisted until ten minutes after the termination of cardiopulmonary bypass.

Conclusion

The results of this study show that using a polymethylpentane membrane oxygenator rather than a polypropylene oxygenator significantly reduces the losses of sevoflurane, resulting in higher plasma concentrations and greater depth of anesthesia.
Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of three Guttapercha Solvents against Enterococcus Faecalis
Authors: Subbiya Arunajatesan , Padmavathy Kesavaram , Mahalakshmi Krishnan
Published: March 2013

Purpose

Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is implicated as the common etiological agent of root canal treatment failure. The study was aimed to compare the antibacterial efficacy and to assess the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3 gutta-percha solvents - RC Solve, Endosolv-E, and xylene against E. faecalis.

Methods

Agar well diffusion assay was performed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of the guttapercha solvents against E. faecalis (ATCC 29212 and a clinical isolate). The standard drug vancomycin was used as the control. The MIC of the solvents was determined by broth microdilution assay. Two fold serial dilutions of the solvents were prepared and the lowest concentration of the solvent that inhibits visible bacterial growth was recorded as the MIC. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined by plating on Muller Hinton Agar plates and the lowest concentration of the solvent that resulted in 99% reduction of bacterial viability was scored as the MBC.

Results

The antibacterial activity of RC Solve against E. faecalis was found to be comparable to that of the standard drug-vancomycin. Xylene did not exhibit antibacterial activity while the antibacterial activity of Endosolv-E was lesser than RC Solve. RC Solve recorded lower MIC values against both E. faecalis ATCC29212 and clinical isolate (1:2 and 1:4 dilution) than Endosolv-E (undiluted). RC Solve was found to possess antibacterial activity against E. faecalis even at half the concentration that is routinely being used.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of the study, we conclude that RC Solve can perform a dual role both as a gutta-percha solvent as well as a microbicide against E. faecalis.
The Synthesis and Reactions of Thio‐ and Seleno‐Phosphonic and ‐Phosphinic Acids
Authors: Edmundson R. S.
Published: March 2013

Introduction

The Synthesis of Monothio‐ and Monoseleno‐Phosphonic and ‐Phosphinic Acids and their Derivatives

Interconversions of the Monothio(or Seleno) ‐Phosphonic and ‐Phosphinic Acids and Their Derivatives

Syntheses and Reactions of Di‐ and Tri‐Thio(Seleno)‐Phosphonic Acids and Dithio(Seleno)Phosphinic Acids
Iron‐Mediated Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Korotvička Aleš , Kotora Martin
Published: March 2013

Chiral iron compounds have been overlooked as potential catalysts in organic synthesis. However, advances in this area within the last decade have revealed only a small part of their potential. There is no doubt that in the near future this field will flourish and further expand to deliver useful processes that will enrich the pool of synthetic methodologies. The aim of this review is to summarize advances in development of enantioselective iron‐complex catalyzed processes and their application in organic synthesis. These processes include oxidative coupling reactions electron‐rich arenes, cycloaddition reactions of unsaturated compounds (e.g. Diels‐Alder reaction, [3+2] and [4‐4] cycloadditions), aldol reactions of silylated enol ethers, carbometallations of cycloalkenes, thia‐ and oxa‐conjugated additions, Friedel‐Crafts reaction, opening of small ring compounds (epoxides), oxidations (epoxidation, dihydroxylation, heteroatom oxidation, and kinetic resolution), reductions (carbonyl group reduction), and other processes (aziridination, carbene insertions).
Multidentate Triphenolsilane‐Based Alkyne Metathesis Catalysts
Authors: Yang Haishen , Liu Zhenning , Zhang Wei
Published: March 2013

A series of triphenolsilane‐coordinated molybdenum(VI) propylidyne catalysts has been developed, which are resistant to small alkyne polymerization and compatible with various functional groups (including phenol substrates). The catalysts remain active in solution for days at room temperature (months at −30 °C). The catalysts are also compatible with 5 Å molecular sieves (small alkyne scavengers), and have enabled the homodimerization of small alkyne substrates at 40–70 °C in a closed system, with dimer products being obtained in 76–96% yields. A shape‐persistent aryleneethynylene macrocycle (11) was also prepared on a gram scale with 0.5 mol% catalyst loading, in almost quantitative yield.
Covalent crosslinked assembly of tubular ceramic‐based multilayer nanofiltration membranes for dye desalination
Authors: Wang Lu , Wang Naixin , Zhang Guojun , Ji Shulan
Published: March 2013

A tubular ceramic‐based multilayer composite nanofiltration membrane has been developed for dye desalination. Poly(acrylic acid)(PAA)/poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)/glutaraldehyde(GA) was dynamically assembled on to the inner surfaces of tubular ceramic microporous substrates which had been pretreated using dynasylan ameo silane coupling agents. Subsequently, the composite membranes were thermally crosslinked to form covalent ester bonds. Experimental results proved that the composite membrane had good nanofiltration performance for dye desalination. The (GA/PVA/PAA)3/ceramic multilayer membrane shows over 96% retention of Congo red and less than 3% NaCl retention using a permeate flux of about 25 L/(m2·h). An investigation of membrane performance as a function of operating conditions suggested that the covalent crosslinking multilayer membrane possessed much higher stability compared to other, electrostatically assembled, multilayer membranes. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 3834–3842, 2013
Effects of predation risk on the grouping patterns of white‐bellied spider monkeys (Ateles belzebuth belzebuth) in Western Amazonia
Authors: Link Andrés , Di Fiore Anthony
Published: March 2013

Predation is proposed to be one of the most important factors influencing the evolution of mammalian societies. Although predation risk is thought to influence both the behavior and grouping patterns of most diurnal primates, evidence supporting this hypothesis is still limited. The spatial and temporal patterns of mineral lick use by one group of white‐bellied spider monkeys (Ateles belzebuth) were evaluated, based on the growing evidence that mineral licks are perceived as areas of relative high predation risk by Neotropical primates. The area immediately surrounding the mineral lick was the most intensively used area within the home range of the study group, particularly by large subgroups of monkeys, and there were differences in mean subgroup size on days of mineral lick visitation versus days without lick visits. Additionally, on days of mineral lick visitation, subgroup size reached its maximum specifically during the period of lick visitation. Finally, on visit days subgroups showed a greater increase in size and higher fusion rates in the 2 hr before arriving at the lick in comparison with matched time windows on non‐visit days. Together, these results provide an example of how primates employ behavioral strategies that might reduce the effects of predation. This study also demonstrates how taxa characterized by a high degree of fission‐fusion dynamics can allow us to test hypotheses regarding the effects of socioecological variables on primate grouping patterns. Am J Phys Anthropol 150:579–590, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design of decanter in heterogeneous azeotropic distillation column by minimizing Gibbs free energy
Authors: Rahman Imran , Ubaidullah S. , Das Anwesh Kr.
Published: March 2013

In this paper, liquid–liquid equilibrium in decanter of heterogeneous azeotropic distillation is solved by minimizing Gibbs free energy, by using global optimization technique. The azeotropic distillation column is modeled by solving material balance, equilibrium and summation equations, and repulsive particle swarm optimization (RPSO), a stochastic global optimization formalism, is employed to predict stable steady state solution in decanter. To verify the performance of the RPSO algorithm, it is compared with equation solving method for liquid–liquid equilibria by considering two azeotropic systems, namely (1) benzene–ethanol–water and (2) furfural–water. The proposed methodology shows feasibility of the RPSO algorithm in predicting liquid–liquid equilibrium in decanter of heterogeneous azeotropic distillation. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of p‐toluenesulfonate on inhibition of overoxidation of polypyrrole
Authors: Kumar Amit , Singh Rajiv K. , Agarwal Khushboo , Singh Hari K. , Srivastava Pankaj , Singh Ramadhar
Published: March 2013

Electrochemically synthesized polypyrrole (PPy) films degrade under anodic polarization in aqueous solution. PPy is irreversibly oxidized leading to subsequently to an insulating material. This article highlights the degradation behavior of electrochemically synthesized PPy films using inorganic (perchlorate, ClO4−), organic (p‐toluenesulfonate, pTS−) and mixed (inorganic‐organic, ClO4− + pTS−) anions systems in aqueous solution. The PPy films were subject to overoxidation by means of anodic polarization for a certain period of time and consecutively cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were employed to investigate the influence of anions used during polymerization on the stability and redox activity of the polymer. The modification in the surface morphology of PPy films due to the application of anodic polarization distinctively shows the effect of degradation at polymer/electrolyte interface. The presence of organic anion in the system (PPy/pTS and PPy/mixed) has shown improved electrochemical activity and is stable to electrochemical degradation for a longer period of time than PPy/ClO4−. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
A Matrix Metalloproteinase 1–Cleavable Composite Peptide Derived From Transforming Growth Factor β–Inducible Gene h3 Potently Inhibits Collagen‐Induced Arthritis
Authors: Nam Eon Jeong , Kang Jin Hee , Sung Shijin , Sa Keum Hee , Kim Kyung Hoon , Seo Jae Seok , Kim Jong‐Ho , Han Seung Woo , Kim In San , Kang Young Mo
Published: March 2013

Objective

Transforming growth factor β–inducible gene h3 (βIG‐H3), which is abundantly expressed in rheumatoid synovium, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) play important roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic efficacy of βIG‐H3–derived peptides using MMP‐1–dependent target tissue delivery in chronic inflammatory arthritis.

Methods

Peptides developed from βIG‐H3 derivatives, including the second and fourth YH peptides, the fourth fas‐1 domain, the fourth fas‐1 domain truncated for H1 and H2 sequences (dhfas‐1), and an MMP‐1– cleavable composite peptide (MFK24), were cloned. We confirmed the specificity of MFK24 cleavage by immunoblot analysis after treatment with different proteases.

Results

The YH18 peptide in the fourth fas‐1 domain of βIG‐H3 was weakly effective in suppressing arthritis severity in mice with collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA). Treatment with higher‐dose dhfas‐1 (30 mg/kg) showed remarkable efficacy, whereas treatment with a lower dose (10 mg/kg) resulted in only partial improvement. MFK24, a composite peptide consisting of dhfas‐1 and RGD peptide linked by MMP‐1 substrate, was cleaved specifically by MMP‐1. The adhesion and migration of NIH3T3 cells mediated by βIG‐H3 were inhibited by MFK24 at a low concentration. MFK24 suppressed the adhesion of NIH3T3 cells more efficiently compared with murine dhfas‐1 (MFK00) or RGD, either alone or in combination. The therapeutic efficacy of MFK24 in mice with CIA was remarkably enhanced, with consistently reduced expression of inflammatory mediators within joint tissue.

Conclusion

This proof‐of‐concept study showed that an MMP‐cleavable composite peptide, based on βIG‐H3 derivatives, had markedly improved therapeutic efficacy in chronic inflammatory arthritis, implicating a new expandable strategy for enhancement of the efficacy of 2 different active molecules in RA.
Lecture recording system in anatomy
Authors: Bacro Thierry R.H. , Gebregziabher Mulugeta , Ariail Jennie
Published: March 2013

The literature reports that using Learning Recording Systems (LRS) is usually well received by students but that the pedagogical value of LRS in academic settings remains somewhat unclear. The primary aim of the current study is to document students' perceptions, actual pattern of usage, and impact of use of LRS on students' grade in a dental gross and neuroanatomy course. Other aims are to determine if students' learning preference correlated with final grades and to see if other factors like gender, age, overall academic score on the Dental Aptitude Test (DAT), lecture levels of difficulty, type of lecture, category of lecture, or teaching faculty could explain the impact, if any, of the use of LRS on the course final grade. No significant correlation was detected between the final grades and the variables studied except for a significant but modest correlation between final grades and the number of times the students accessed the lecture recordings (r=0.33 with P=0.01). Also, after adjusting for gender, age, learning style, and academic DAT, a significant interaction between auditory and average usage time was found for final grade (P=0.03). Students who classified themselves as auditory and who used the LRS on average for fewer than 10 minutes per access, scored an average final grade of 16.43 % higher than the nonauditory students using the LRS for the same amount of time per access. Based on these findings, implications for teaching are discussed and recommendations for use of LRS are proposed. Anat Sci Educ 6: 376–384. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.
Histological knowledge as a predictor of medical students' performance in diagnostic pathology
Authors: Nivala Markus , Lehtinen Erno , Helle Laura , Kronqvist Pauliina , Paranko Jorma , Säljö Roger
Published: March 2013

Over the years, the role and extent of the basic sciences in medical curricula have been challenged by research on clinical expertise, clinical teachers, and medical students, as well as by the development and diversification of the medical curricula themselves. The aim of this study was to examine how prior knowledge of basic histology and histopathology among students predicts early learning of diagnostic pathology. Participants (N=118, representing 91% of the full student cohort) were medical students at the University of Turku, Finland. Data were collected during two preclinical courses that students attended in their first and second years of medical school. The measurements included tests on biomedical and clinical knowledge and a performance test in diagnostic pathology. Second‐year performance on the diagnostic pathology examinations was predicted by the students' prior knowledge of histology, but not by the students' prior knowledge of histopathology. Although earlier research has demonstrated similar results in studies with shorter longitudinal designs, the present study demonstrates that the effect remains even if there is a considerably long time delay (a year) between the measurements, thus confirming the long‐term value of basic science studies in the preclinical phase. Anat Sci Educ 6: 361–367. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.
A tool for teaching three‐dimensional dermatomes combined with distribution of cutaneous nerves on the limbs
Authors: Kooloos Jan G.M. , Vorstenbosch Marc A.T.M.
Published: March 2013

A teaching tool that facilitates student understanding of a three‐dimensional (3D) integration of dermatomes with peripheral cutaneous nerve field distributions is described. This model is inspired by the confusion in novice learners between dermatome maps and nerve field distribution maps. This confusion leads to the misconception that these two distribution maps fully overlap, and may stem from three sources: (1) the differences in dermatome maps in anatomical textbooks, (2) the limited views in the figures of dermatome maps and cutaneous nerve field maps, hampering the acquisition of a 3D picture, and (3) the lack of figures showing both maps together. To clarify this concept, the learning process can be facilitated by transforming the 2D drawings in textbooks to a 3D hands‐on model and by merging the information from the separate maps. Commercially available models were covered with white cotton pantyhose, and borders between dermatomes were marked using the drawings from the students' required study material. Distribution maps of selected peripheral nerves were cut out from color transparencies. Both the model and the cut‐out nerve fields were then at the students' disposal during a laboratory exercise. The students were instructed to affix the transparencies in the right place according to the textbook's figures. This model facilitates integrating the spatial relationships of the two types of nerve distributions. By highlighting the spatial relationship and aiming to provoke student enthusiasm, this model follows the advantages of other low‐fidelity models. Anat Sci Educ 6: 277–280. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.
LC‐MS/MS determination of pogostone in rat plasma and its application in pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Chen Haiming , Li Yucui , Wu Xiaoli , Li Chuwen , Li Qingguo , Qin Zhen , Yi Yuyang , Chen Jiannan , Lai Xiaoping , Su Ziren
Published: March 2013

Pogostone is an important constituent of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth., and possesses various known bioactivities. A rapid, simple and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method was developed for the analysis of pogostone in rat plasma using chrysophanol as internal standard (IS). The analytes were extracted with methanol and separated using a reversed‐phase YMC‐UltraHT Pro C18 column. Elution was achieved with a mobile phase consisting of methanol–water (75:25, v/v) for 5 min at a flow rate of 400 μL/min. The precursor/product transitions (m/z) under MS/MS detection with negative electrospray ionization (ESI) were 223.0 → 139.0 and 253.1 → 224.9 for pogostone and IS, respectively. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range 0.05–160 µg/mL (r = 0.9996). The intra‐ and inter‐day accuracy and precision were within ±10%. The validated method was successfully applied to the preclinical pharmacokinetic investigation of pogostone in rats after intravenous (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) and oral administration (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg). Finally, the oral absolute bioavailability of pogostone in rats was calculated to be 70.39, 78.18 and 83.99% for 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Constrained Disorder Refinement: “Reinvestigation of “Single‐Crystal X‐ray Structure of 1,3‐Dimethylcyclobutadiene” by M. Shatruk and I. V. Alabugin”
Authors: Legrand Yves‐Marie , Dumitrescu Dan , Gilles Arnaud , Petit Eddy , van der Lee Arie , Barboiu Mihail
Published: March 2013

Shatruk and Alabugin propose an alternative structural model for the observed electron density that we have attributed to the photochemical formation of 1,3‐dimethylcyclobutadiene in a protective solid crystalline matrix. The main criticism from Shatruk and Alabugin concerns the modeling of the disorder in the calixarene cavity and in particular the neglect of a residual electron density close to the O1 atom. We published (Chem. Eur. J. 2011, 17, 10021) our opinion concerning this “ignored peak” in the Supporting Information of the paper. The current response to the Correspondence demonstrates that Shatruk and Alabugin have over‐modeled our data by assigning a small electron density peak, which is hardly more than the density corresponding to a hydrogen atom, to an under‐occupied oxygen site, using inappropriate refinement contraints.
Free‐Radical‐Promoted Conversion of Graphite Oxide into Chemically Modified Graphene
Authors: Chai Na‐Na , Zeng Jing , Zhou Kai‐Ge , Xie Yu‐Long , Wang Hang‐Xing , Zhang Hao‐Li , Xu Chen , Zhu Ji‐Xin , Yan Qing‐Yu
Published: March 2013

The preparation of chemically modified graphene (CMG) generally involves the reduction of graphite oxide (GO) by using various reducing reagents. Herein, we report a free‐radical‐promoted synthesis of CMG, which does not require any conventional reductant. We demonstrated that the phenyl free radical can efficiently promote the conversion of GO into CMG under mild conditions and produces phenyl‐functionalized CMG. This pseudo‐“reduction” process is attributed to a free‐radical‐mediated elimination of the surface‐attached oxygen‐containing functionalities. This work illustrates a new strategy for preparing CMG that is alternative to the conventional means of chemical reduction. Furthermore, the phenyl‐functionalized graphene shows an excellent performance as an electrode material for lithium‐battery applications.
ChemInform Abstract: A Sodium‐Containing Quasicrystal: Using Gold to Enhance Sodium′s Covalency in Intermetallic Compounds.
Authors: Smetana Volodymyr , Lin Qisheng , Pratt Daniel K. , Kreyssig Andreas , Ramazanoglu Mehmet , Corbett John D. , Goldmann Alan I. , Miller Gordon J.
Published: March 2013

The first Na‐containing icosahedral quasicrystal Na13Au12Ga15 is synthesized from mixtures of the elements in welded Ta tubes under Ar (750 °C, 3—5 h, followed by annealing at 350 °C for 3—5 d).
ChemInform Abstract: A Comparison of the Solid‐State Structures of Halogen Azides XN3 (X: Cl, Br, I).
Authors: Lyhs Benjamin , Blaeser Dieter , Woelper Christoph , Schulz Stephan , Jansen Georg
Published: March 2013

ClN3 is prepared by reaction of NaN3 with sodium hypochlorite and boric acid (‐196→+20 °C, 30 min) and its crystal structure is determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐Crystalline Octahedral Au—Ag Nanoframes.
Authors: Hong Xun , Wang Dingsheng , Cai Shuangfei , Rong Hongpan , Li Yadong
Published: March 2013

Octahedral Au—Ag nanoframes are prepared by reaction of AgNO3 with CuCl in octadecylamine solution at 115 °C, followed by dropwise addition of HAuCl4 solution (115 °C, 20 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Exploiting Adamantane as a Versatile Organic Tecton: Multicomponent Catalytic Cascade Reactions.
Authors: Grigg Ronald , Elboray Elghareeb E. , Aly Moustafa F. , Abbas‐Temirek Hussien H.
Published: March 2013

The three‐component reaction of allenes with aryl iodides and 1‐aminoadamantane proceeds smoothly to afford (Z)‐products stereoselectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Trifluoromethylation of α‐Haloketones.
Authors: Novak Petr , Lishchynskyi Anton , Grushin Vladimir V.
Published: March 2013

This method employs only low‐cost chemicals and provides the first nucleophilic trifluoromethylation of α‐bromo‐ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Michael Reaction of Acetaldehyde with Nitroolefins Catalyzed by Highly Water‐Compatible Organocatalysts in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Qiao Yupu , He Junpeng , Ni Bukuo , Headley Allan D.
Published: March 2013

This method uses prolinol derivatives as organocatalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Intermolecular [2 + 2] Reaction of N‐Allenylsulfonamides with Vinylarenes: Enantioselective Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Cyclobutane Derivatives.
Authors: Suarez‐Pantiga Samuel , Hernandez‐Diaz Cristina , Rubio Eduardo , Gonzalez Jose M.
Published: March 2013

The phosphoramidite gold complexes SPH and SPE are best suited for the title process to produce the synthetically and biologically important cyclobutane subunits in good yields and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Unexpected Selective C—C Bond Cleavage: An Efficient and Mild Construction of Cyclopentenes.
Authors: Yu Qiong , Ma Shengming
Published: March 2013

The reaction can also be conducted in the presence of Tms‐Br, incorporating bromine instead of chlorine into the newly formed compound.
ChemInform Abstract: Tunable Cross Coupling of Silanols: Selective Synthesis of Heavily Substituted Allenes and Butadienes.
Authors: Zhou Hui , Moberg Christina
Published: March 2013

1,3‐Dienyl‐2‐silanols, readily obtained from 1,3‐enynes by silaboration and cross coupling (not shown), react in Hiyama—Denmark cross coupling reaction either as vinyl‐ or as allylsilanols, depending on the reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Acetylenes via Copper‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Alkynyltrifluoroborates.
Authors: Zheng Huidong , Huang Yuanyuan , Wang Zhiwei , Li Huaifeng , Huang Kuo‐Wei , Yuan Yaofeng , Weng Zhiqiang
Published: March 2013

The preparation of the title compounds is achieved via electrophilic trifluoromethylation of aromatic alkynes and the aliphatic analogue (IV) with Togni′s reagent (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Micelles Catalyzed Chemo‐ and Regio‐Selective One Pot and One Step Synthesis of 2,3,5,6‐Tetrakis(alkyl and arylsulfanyl)‐1,4‐benzoquinones and 2,5‐Diaminosubstituted‐1,4‐benzoquinones “In‐Water” and Their Biological Evaluation as Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents.
Authors: Tandon Vishnu K. , Kumar Sandeep , Mishra Nripendra N. , Shukla Praveen K.
Published: March 2013

Domestic home detergent catalyzed nucleophilic substitution or addition reactions of chloranil and benzoquinone with sulfur and nitrogen containing nucleophiles are studied.
ChemInform Abstract: 8‐Hydroxyquinolin‐N‐oxide‐Promoted Copper‐Catalyzed C—S Cross‐Coupling of Thiols with Aryl Iodides.
Authors: Su Kun , Qiu Yatao , Yao Yiwu , Zhang Dayong , Jiang Sheng
Published: March 2013

HQN is described as optimal ligand for the preparation of various diaryl sulfides in excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploiting the π‐Acceptor Properties of Carbene‐Stabilized Phosphorus Centered Trications [L3P]3+: Applications in Pt(II) Catalysis.
Authors: Carreras Javier , Patil Mahendra , Thiel Walter , Alcarazo Manuel
Published: March 2013

For the first time application of a P1‐centered trication as ligand in catalysis is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Mild Deamination Procedure for 1‐Aminoanthraquinones Yielding a Diverse Library of Novel Derivatives with Potential Biological Activity.
Authors: Baqi Younis , Mueller Christa E.
Published: March 2013

The optimized sequence is complete within a few minutes and can be applied to a broad spectrum of substrates including known agents such as Acid Blue 25 (IIIa), Acid Blue 129 (IIIe) and PSB‐0952 (Vb).
ChemInform Abstract: “Organo—Metal” Synergistic Catalysis: The 1 + 1 < 2 Effect for the Construction of Spirocyclopentene Oxindoles.
Authors: Sun Wangsheng , Zhu Gongming , Wu Chongyang , Hong Liang , Wang Rui
Published: March 2013

Title compounds (III) and (V) are prepared in good yields with high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficiency of Acid‐ and Mercury‐Catalyzed Cyclization Reactions in the Synthesis of Tetrahydrofurans from Allylsilyl Alcohols.
Authors: Pulido Francisco J. , Barbero Asuncion , Val Patricia , Diez Alberto , Gonzalez‐Ortega Alfonso
Published: March 2013

The synthesis of substituted tetrahydrofurans, comparing the efficiency of the acid‐catalyzed and mercury‐catalyzed cyclization reactions of allylsilyl alcohols, is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Expeditious, Metal‐Free, Domino, Regioselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted 2‐Carbonyl‐ and 2‐Phosphorylfurans by Formal [3 + 2] Cycloaddition.
Authors: Raimondi Wilfried , Dauzonne Daniel , Constantieux Thierry , Bonne Damien , Rodriguez Jean
Published: March 2013

An efficient one‐pot method for the synthesis of the title compounds, which are otherwise difficult to access, is developed without using stringent air‐sensitive techniques.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Manganese(III) Acetate‐Mediated Reactions of β‐Enamino Carbonyl Compounds with 1‐(Pyridin‐2‐yl)‐enones under Mechanical Milling Conditions.
Authors: Liu Zi , Fan Guang‐Peng , Wang Guan‐Wu
Published: March 2013

The title reaction under solvent‐free conditions affords unexpectedly 2‐acyldihydrofuran derivatives in good yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylations of Heteroaromatics Bearing Dicyanovinyls at C‐2.
Authors: Bouazizi Younes , Beydoun Kassem , Romdhane Anis , Ben Jannet Hichem , Doucet Henri
Published: March 2013

Substrates bearing a thiophene, furan, and N‐methylpyrrole unit undergo ready arylation at C‐5 to yield 2,5‐disubstituted derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise, Greener, Solvent‐Free Novel One‐Pot Synthesis of Trisubstituted Thiophenes.
Authors: Jalani Hitesh B. , Pandya Amit N. , Pandya Dhaivat H. , Sharma Javesh A. , Sudarsanam V. , Vasu Kamala K.
Published: March 2013

The three‐component process allows the access to structures (IV) which represent the skeleton of potent PI3K inhibitors.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved One‐Pot Synthesis of 1‐Aryl‐3‐trifluoroacetyl‐1H‐pyrroles under Swern Oxidation.
Authors: Zanatta Nilo , Aquino Estefania da C. , da Silva Fabio M. , Bonacorso Helio G. , Martins Marcos A. P.
Published: March 2013

Reactions of dihydrofuran (I) with aromatic amines produces enamino alcohols, which are directly submitted to Swern oxidation.
ChemInform Abstract: Dual Hard/Soft Gold Catalysis: Intermolecular Friedel—Crafts‐Type α‐Amidoalkylation/Alkyne Hydroarylation Sequences by N‐Acyliminium Ion Chemistry.
Authors: Boiaryna Liliana , El Mkaddem Mohamed Kamal , Taillier Catherine , Dalla Vincent , Othman Mohamed
Published: March 2013

This method demonstrates the use of gold(I) and gold(III) catalysts for the nucleophilic substitution of alkoxy‐ and acetoxylactams.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activities of 4‐Substituted Pyrrolo[2,3‐a]carbazole Pim Kinase Inhibitors.
Authors: Giraud Francis , Akue‐Gedu Rufine , Nauton Lionel , Candelon Nicolas , Debiton Eric , Thery Vincent , Anizon Fabrice , Moreau Pascale
Published: March 2013

Novel 4‐substituted pyrrolo[2,3‐a]carbazoles like (VIII) are synthesized and evaluated for their biological activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation for the Synthesis of Indeno[2,1‐b]pyrrol‐8‐ones.
Authors: Chang Junbiao , Sun Li , Dong Jingjing , Shen Zhenhua , Zhang Yueteng , Wu Jie , Wang Ruiyong , Wang Jinqian , Song Chuanjun
Published: March 2013

The mechanism of the novel approach to indenopyrrolones is proposed to follow a direct arylation/in situ detosylation, rather than a detosylation/direct arylation sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 2‐Azido‐1‐substituted‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazoles Using a Copper‐Promoted Three‐Component Reaction and Their Further Conversion into 2‐Amino and 2‐Triazolyl Derivatives.
Authors: Ramana Tamminana , Punniyamurthy Tharmalingam
Published: March 2013

2‐Azido and 2‐aminobenzimidazoles can be directly prepared from bromoanilines and isothiocyanates by modification of the reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Oxazoles by Dirhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Reactions of Styryl Diazoacetate with Oximes.
Authors: Xu Xinfang , Zavalij Peter Y. , Hu Wenhao , Doyle Michael P.
Published: March 2013

A series of 4‐styryl‐5‐methoxyoxazoles (III) is readily prepared by reaction of styryl diazoacetate (I) with aryl oximes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Elucidation of [1,2,4]‐Triazole‐3‐thione Derivatives.
Authors: Gondhani D. R. , Sanghani A. M. , Sanja D. B. , Dobariya P. B.
Published: March 2013

Some of the newly synthesized title compounds (VII) show moderate to good antibacterial and antifungal activities.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Four‐Component, One‐Pot Synthesis of 6‐Amino‐4‐aryl‐3‐methyl‐2,4‐dihydropyrano [2,3‐c]pyrazole‐5‐carbonitriles under Phase‐Transfer Catalyst.
Authors: Ablajan Keyume , Liju Wang , Tuoheti Anagu , Kelimu Yakefujiang
Published: March 2013

The reaction proceeds with methyl and ethyl acetoacetate, affording the target compounds with higher yields for the methyl‐derivative (I).