bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PREVALENCE OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN PEOPLE OVER 50 YEARS OLD RESIDING IN REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN IN PERIODS OF LOW INSOLATION
Authors: Nurlygayanov R Z , Syrtlanova E R
Published: July 2018

Objectives. To study the vitamin D levels in the period of minimal sun exposure in individuals older than 50 years residing in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Materials and methods. In the period of low insolation (March) in 188 people (68 men and 120 women) aged over 50 years (mean age 66,1 ± 0,75 years) residing in the city (Ufa) and rural areas of the Republic of Bashkortostan we investigated the levels of 25 (OH) D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the indirect ELISA. Level of 25 (OH) D 25-50 nmol/l were considered as mild vitamin D deficiency; 12,5-25 nmol/l-as moderate deficiency, and levels below 12.5 nmol/l - as a severe vitamin D deficiency. Results. The average level of 25 (OH) D was 33,55 ± 1,28 nmol/l; in urban area 43,48 ± 1,59 nmol/l; in rural area 21,25 ± 1,06 nmol/l; 36,29±2,43 nmol/l in men; 32,28± 1,47 nmol/l in women. The levels of vitamin D in the urban population were twice as high as in rural areas. A statistically significant difference by gender in terms of the levels of vitamin D was not found. We saw normal levels of vitamin D only in 18 % of subjects (in the city- 30 %, in the rural areas - 2 %), 43 % of people had a mild vitamin D deficiency (in the city - 59 %, in rural areas - 24 %), 33 % - a moderate deficiency of vitamin D (in the city -11 %, in the rural areas - 60 %), and 6 % of the patients had a severe vitamin D deficiency (in the city - 0 %, in rural areas -14 %). Moderate to severe vitamin D deficiency in rural areas was significantly more prevalent (74 %) than in urban (11 %). Gender was not found to be a risk factor for the development of vitamin D deficit in people over 50 years. There was a negative correlation between vitamin D levels and patient age (r=-0,356, p <0,001) and between levels of vitamin D andPTH (r =-0,313, p <0.001).
The Geographical Study of New Jersey: A Scholarly Bibliography
Authors: Rumney Thomas A.
Published: July 2018

This scholarly bibliography is a compendium of the existing geographical studies of the state of New Jersey. It includes seven sections: general works (atlases, books, monographs, articles, dissertations, and theses), cultural and social geography, economic geography, historical geography, physical and environmental geography, political geography, and urban geography. The search for these entries started with an examination of the contents of the available scholarly journals that publish works on geography. Then, lists of references were examined to search for other journals that these authors published works in. Also found were the main atlases, books, texts, and monographs related to some aspect of New Jersey’s geographical studies. These authors were also located as to their work places, and if available their vitae were searched. Additionally, WorldCat was searched for New Jersey geography topics. Each section is organized in a simple alphabetical sequence, by author’s last name. Where there is more than one entry per author, the earliest is listed first, and subsequent entries listed chronologically after the first. In the case of single versus multiple authors, the entries with single authors are recorded first, and multiple entries after these. The dates of entries reach back into the nineteenth century, and continue to the present. Most entries are written in English, but works written in other languages were recorded as found.
Research Notes
Authors: Authors Various
Published: July 2018

In this issue, we bring you the second edition of “Research Notes,” inaugurated to allow scholars to share their works in progress and solicit feedback from others in the NJ History community. All are welcome to contribute- simply send submissions for inclusion in future issues to the editor (mziobro@monmouth.edu).
The Fixers: Devolution, Development, & Civil Society in Newark, 1960—1990
Authors: Epps Linda Caldwell
Published: July 2018

Linda Caldwell Epps reviewing Julia Rabig's The Fixers: Devolution, Development, & Civil Society in Newark, 1960—1990
Ringwood Mines Superfund Site: Implications for Local Flora and Fauna
Authors: Walker Barbra
Published: July 2018

Barbra Walker's poster, Ringwood Mines Superfund Site: Implications for Local Flora and Fauna, won the undergraduate poster contest at the 2018 New Jersey History and Historic Preservation Conference. The conference was held June 7-8 at Passaic County Community College in Paterson, NJ.
Teaching WWI with Primary Sources
Authors: Santucci Steve
Published: July 2018

As we approach the Centennial of the Great War's end, there are still significant milestones to commemorate. There are still many discussions to have about the War's long-term implications. A myriad of primary sources are available to help educators do this. In this edition of "Teaching NJ History," West Morris Mendham High School History Teacher Steve Santucci shares his thoughts. Mr. Santucci has presented on this topic at several NJ Historical Commission events over the past two years.
Trends in optical design from 1988 to 2018… where to from here?
Authors: Livshits Irina L. , Dilworth Donald C.
Published: July 2018

Much experience in practical optical systems design (over 40 years for each author) gives us the perspective to discuss recent trends in advanced optical technologies. We give an ontology of its development and try to make a forecast for the near future, which will be useful for beginners as well as professionals in this complex field.
Synthesis of high surface area magnesia by using walnut shell as a template
Authors: Zamani Asghar , Poursattar Marjani Ahmad , Abedi Mehmandar Mojtaba
Published: July 2018

In the present study, high surface area amorphous magnesia was synthesized using walnut shell as a template. This green, simple and useful synthetic protocol was based on the precipitation of magnesium nitrate on biomass in an aqueous phase, followed by calcination. Materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and N2 adsorption/desorption porosimetry, and the results exhibited high surface area for magnesium oxide. Furthermore, the pore size and surface area of these mesoporous materials can be adjusted by varying the biomass/magnesium nitrate ratio. In addition, magnesium oxide was studied as the support of palladium nanoparticles for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols. We have found out that the resulting Pd-loaded material acts as an effective catalytic system for the aerobic oxidation of benzylic and aliphatic alcohols. The catalyst can be recovered and reused three times without loss of activity. Also, to test the catalytic activity of magnesium oxides as a solid catalyst, we selected Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction of cyclohexanone with 2-propanol over different magnesium oxides.
Host cell-surface proteins as substrates of gingipains, the main proteases of Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Hočevar Katarina , Potempa Jan , Turk Boris
Published: July 2018

Gingipains are extracellular cysteine proteases of the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis and are its most potent virulence factors. They can degrade a great variety of host proteins, thereby helping the bacterium to evade the host immune response, deregulate signaling pathways, trigger anoikis and, finally, cause tissue destruction. Host cell-surface proteins targeted by gingipains are the main focus of this review and span three groups of substrates: immune-regulatory proteins, signaling pathways regulators and adhesion molecules. The analysis of published data revealed that gingipains predominantly inactivate their substrates by cleaving them at one or more sites, or through complete degradation. Sometimes, gingipains were even found to initially shed their membrane substrates, but this was mostly just the first step in the degradation of cell-surface proteins.
Effect of B2O3 on Slag-Metal Reaction between CaO-Al2O3-Based Mold Flux and High Aluminum Steel
Authors: Li Jiangling , Kong Bowen , Jiang Lijun , Jia Dezhao , Ren Shan , Yang Jian , Liu Qingcai , Shu Qifeng , Chou Kuochih
Published: July 2018

The effect of B2O3 on slag-metal reaction between CaO-Al2O3-based mold flux and high aluminum steel was investigated. The results showed that the addition of 5 % B2O3, the slag-metal reaction hardly occurred. When the content of B2O3 was increased, the reaction rate increased rapidly. This indicated if only considering the slag-metal reaction, it’s better for high aluminum steel casting if the addition content of B2O3 is less than 5%. The chemical reaction was greatly influenced by the reaction time. With higher content of aluminum ([Al]=0.1 %), the early stage of reaction was greatly affected by the reaction time, and furtherly, the influence was decreased. When the aluminum content was increased, the effect of [Al] on the slag-metal reaction was comparatively small in the initial 10 min, and the content of [B] was increased slightly. But when the reaction time increased to 1 hour, the slag-metal reaction acutely occurred, and the content of [B] increased rapidly.
An Automated Computer System Based on Genetic Algorithm and Fuzzy Systems for Lung Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Alharbi Abir
Published: July 2018

An automated system for the diagnosis of lung cancer is proposed in this paper, the system is designed by combining two major methodologies, namely the fuzzy base systems and the evolutionary genetic algorithms (GAs), to be employed on lung cancer data to assist physicians in the early detection of lung cancers, and hence obtain an early automated diagnosis complementary to that by physicians. Our hybrid algorithm, the genetic-fuzzy algorithm, has produced optimized diagnosis systems that attain high classification performance, in fact, our best six rule system obtained a 97.5 % accuracy, with simple and well interpretive rules, with 93 % degree of confidence, and without the need for dimensionality reduction. The results on real data indicate that the proposed system is very effective in the diagnosis of lung cancer and can be used for clinical applications.
Crystal structure of diaqua-bis(5-carboxy-1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylato-κ2
N,O)zinc(II), C12H14N4O10Zn
Authors: Xiao-Ling Li , Ru-Meng Zhang , Li Liu
Published: July 2018

C6H7N2O5Zn0.5, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 9.0277(4) Å, b = 12.0102(5) Å, c = 15.3939(5) Å, β = 95.040(3)°, V = 1662.62(11) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0242, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0637, T = 292(1) K.
Process Tracing in Evaluating Innovation in Sub-Regional Governance. Case Study of Selected Integrated Territorial Investments in Poland
Authors: Wiktorska-Święcka Aldona
Published: July 2018

Integrated Territorial Investments (ITIs) are a new integration tool that binds the thematic objectives defined operational programmes with the territorial dimension. Due to their formula, ITIs may be seen as a kind of innovation in sub-regional governance. The European Commission considers them as an opportunity to introduce solutions that can be effective in facing the challenges of contemporary development on a supra-local scale. Accordingly, they should be regarded as a possibility for Member States to activate innovative governance arrangements that will allow for the implementation of projects, which - depending on the country - more or less reflect issues indicated by the Commission as a priority. In Poland, the Integrated Territorial Investments are implemented in 24 functional areas. Due to a new approach to cities and their role in development processes in the country, they can mean a new opening for the urban policy and urban development. Concentrating on innovative governance arrangements, the aim of this paper is to analyze selected case studies of 4 ITIs implemented by large (more than 500,000 inhabitants) provincial cities: Wrocław, Łódź, Gdańsk, Katowice, which are capitals of regions in which one defined a different development potential. Th e analysis will allow the formulation of answers to the following research questions: • Are there any innovative governance arrangements indicated during ITIs implementation? • What are the implemented modes of sub-regional governance? • What is the role and importance of institutional actors in the process of ITIs governance? • What are their new competences linked to the ITIs implementation? • Are there any new products/services related to innovation in sub-regional governance? • Do ITIs consider principles of “good governance” a one of key factors of innovation in governance? Th e paper contains key definitions and points out processes related to the transition of modes of governance at the sub-regional level. It also indicates further challenges in Polish territorial development upon Europeanisation.
Study of the redistribution of U, Zr, Nb, Tc, Mo, Ru, Fe, Cr, and Ni between oxide and metallic phases in the matrix of a multiphase Chernobyl hot-particle extracted from a soil sample of the Western Plume
Authors: Pöml Philipp , Burakov Boris
Published: July 2018

A “hot particle” found 6 km west of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant 4 years after the Chernobyl severe nuclear accident was analysed by scanning electron microscopy and electron probe micro-analysis. The matrix of the particle consists of relics of partly molten UO2 nuclear fuel and two different phases of solidified U–Zr–O melt (U0.77Zr0.23O2 and U0.67Zr0.33O2). The particle also contains a unique metallic inclusion of a size of 30×22 μm. The inclusion is non-homogeneous and in some parts shows a dendrite-like structure. It consists of about 38 wt.% Fe, about 10 wt.% U, Mo, and Nb, about 5 wt.% Ru, Zr, Ni, and Cr, and small amounts of Tc (2 wt.%) and Si (0.4 wt.%). The presence of partly molten nuclear fuel suggests a local temperature exceeding 2850 °C. The metallic inclusion most likely formed when steel, fuel, and cladding reacted together and molten steel incorporated U, Zr, Nb, Tc, Mo, and Ru from molten fuel and cladding during a very fast high-temperature process. Fast quenching of the metallic and the oxide melt left no time for Tc and Mo to evaporate. Molten Zr was partly oxidised and acted as a buffer for O which caused the reduction of a fraction of the U. The data of this study support the previously reported supercritical nature of the Chernobyl explosion.
Everyday Life and Lifestyles of Social Classes in Montenegro
Authors: Djukanović Borislav
Published: July 2018

The author analyses the everyday life and lifestyles of social classes in Montenegro based on a survey conducted on a randomized, proportional, and stratified sample of 805 respondents. The survey covers the topics: consumption; family and professional life; citizens’ attitudes towards society and the state; leisure time; cultural practices; value orientations; time management; and general satisfaction with various aspects of life. The theoretical approach accords with Pierre Bourdieu’s. The everyday life of the Montenegrins emerges as having the following characteristics: restriction to necessities only in purchases; high deprivation; family conflicts brought about by poor financial circumstances; stereotypical leisuretime activities; a low opinion of governmental and social institutions fuelled by perceptions of nepotism and job allocation based on political party membership; differentiation of cultural practices from the dominant mass culture; value confusion; and a focus on everyday routines. The basic line of differentiation turns out to be social class, as all the listed characteristics are much more pronounced in the lower social strata.
Economic Inequalities in Montenegro
Authors: Petrović Irena
Published: July 2018

The author analyses economic inequalities among the main social groups in Montenegro at the end of the socialist system and during the postsocialist transformation. Economic inequalities are analysed based on an economic status index, which is a composite index made up of multiple indicators: income, consumption, and asset ownership. The empirical basis for the analysis are survey results from 1989, 2003, and 2015. The findings show that there were economic inequalities during the entire period. In the late 1980s, the economic differentiation of social classes was very pronounced, despite the principle of equality with which the socialist system had legitimized itself. The period of postsocialist transformation raised the economic status of all social groups. Notwithstanding such improvement, the differences between the higher and lower social classes persisted.
State Liability for Failure to Protect Others. Srebrenica Cases
Authors: Delpla Isabelle
Published: July 2018

Over recent years, a number of legal decisions have been taken that represent real novelties in the field. They address state liability towards foreigners in a realm where immunity has long prevailed. Dutch courts have condemned the Dutch state for failure to protect Bosniacs after the fall of the enclave of Srebrenica in 1995. The novelty of these court decisions is most apparent when they are compared to the previous investigations and reports on the fall of the Srebrenica enclave, which had the intended or de facto effect of leaving aside state liability. This article focuses on this comparison. The decisions of the Dutch court represent a change with regard to a trend in which collective responsibility was reduced to a scarecrow argument, where state liability for genocide was limited to the obligation to address criminal responsibility, and where co-agency was a shield preventing the attribution of state responsibility. Not only do these court decisions sanction state liability, they also address the victims and even grant them reparations.
Relationship between specular returns in CryoSat-2 data, surface albedo, and Arctic summer minimum ice extent
Authors: Kwok R. , Cunningham G. F. , Armitage T. W. K.
Published: July 2018

Specular (mirror-like) reflections in radar altimeter returns are sensitive indicators of flat open water in leads and melt ponds within the Arctic sea ice cover. Here we find increased specular and near-specular returns in CryoSat-2 waveforms as the sea ice cover transitions from a high albedo snow-covered surface to a lower albedo surface dominated by ponds from snow melt. During early melt, mid-May to late June, increases in fractional coverage of specular returns (FSR) show spatial correspondence with concurrent decreases in albedo. To examine the utility of FSR, we compared its efficacy with that of satellite-derived albedo in forecasting summer minimum ice extent (SMIE). Regression analysis of the area-averaged FSR (F—SR) (2011–2017) shows that ~72% of SMIE variance can be explained by the dates when F—SR climbs to 0.5 within two latitudinal bands covering 70–80°N and 80–90°N. The lag between the two crossing dates provides a measure of the relative rate of the poleward progression of melt. Approximately 93% of SMIE variance can be explained by the date when albedo drops to 0.6 in these same latitudinal bands. Standard errors for these regressions are 0.37 and 0.19 × 106 km2, respectively. Calculating the regression coefficients using only 2011–2016, the 2017 SMIE was forecast with residuals of 0.06 (2% of the total extent) and –0.17 × 106 km2 (4%). Using only 2011–2015 yielded residuals that are less than 0.5 × 106 km2 (~10%) in forecasts of both 2016 and 2017 SMIE, demonstrating the robustness of the regression models. Even though large-scale changes in albedo during summer melt is a characteristic feature of the ice surface, available albedo fields have not been directly used in SMIE forecasts. While this CryoSat-2 record is short, these results suggest that both FSR and albedo could be potentially useful for enhancing forecasts of SMIE.
Glucolipotoxic conditions induce β-cell iron import, cytosolic ROS formation and apoptosis
Authors: Hansen Jakob Bondo , Dos Santos Laila Romagueira Bichara , Liu Ying , Prentice Kacey J , Teudt Frederik , Tonnesen Morten , Jonas Jean-Christophe , Wheeler Michael B , Mandrup-Poulsen Thomas
Published: July 2018

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) arises when the pancreatic beta-cell fails to compensate for increased insulin needs due to insulin resistance. Glucolipotoxicity (GLT) has been proposed to induce beta-cell dysfunction in T2D by formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we examined if modeling glucolipotoxic conditions by high glucose-high free fatty acid (FFA) exposure (GLT) regulates beta-cell iron transport, by increasing the cytosolic labile iron pool (LIP). In isolated mouse islets, the GLT-induced increase in the LIP catalyzed cytosolic ROS formation and induced apoptosis. We show that GLT-induced ROS production is regulated by an increased LIP associated with elevated expression of genes regulating iron import. Using pharmacological and transgenic approaches, we show that iron reduction and decreased iron import protects from GLT-induced ROS production, prevents impairment of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and inhibits apoptosis. This study identifies a novel pathway underlying GLT-induced apoptosis involving increased iron import, generation of hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide through the Fenton reaction in the cytosolic compartment associated with dissipation of the MMP and beta-cell apoptosis.
SULFATION PATHWAYS: Contribution of intracrine oestrogens to the aetiology of endometriosis
Authors: Piccinato Carla A , Malvezzi Helena , Gibson Douglas A , Saunders Philippa T K
Published: July 2018

Endometriosis is an incurable hormone-dependent inflammatory disease that causes chronic pelvic pain and infertility characterized by implantation and growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. Symptoms have a major impact on the quality of life of patients resulting in socioeconomic, physical and psychological burdens. Although the immune system and environmental factors may play a role in the aetiology of endometriosis, oestrogen dependency is still considered a hallmark of the disorder. The impact of oestrogens such as oestrone and particularly, oestradiol, on the endometrium or endometriotic lesions may be mediated by steroids originating from ovarian steroidogenesis or local intra-tissue production (intracrinology) dependent upon the expression and activity of enzymes that regulate oestrogen biosynthesis and metabolism. Two key pathways have been implicated: while there is contradictory data on the participation of the aromatase enzyme (encoded byCYP19A1), there is increasing evidence that the steroid sulphatase pathway plays a role in both the aetiology and pathology of endometriosis. In this review, we consider the evidence related to the pathways leading to oestrogen accumulation in endometriotic lesions and how this might inform the development of new therapeutic strategies to treat endometriosis without causing the undesirable side effects of current regimes that suppress ovarian hormone production.
Factors Associated With Refusal of Intramuscular Vitamin K in Normal Newborns
Authors: Loyal Jaspreet , Taylor James A. , Phillipi Carrie A. , Goyal Neera K. , Wood Kelly E. , Seashore Carl , King Beth , Colson Eve , Shabanova Veronika , Shapiro Eugene D. ,   on behalf of the BORN investigators
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Refusal of intramuscular (IM) vitamin K administration by parents is an emerging problem. Our objective was to assess the frequency of and factors associated with refusal of IM vitamin K administration in well newborns in the United States.

METHODS:

We determined the number of newborns admitted to well newborn units whose parents refused IM vitamin K administration in the Better Outcomes through Research for Newborns network and, in a nested patient-control study, identified factors associated with refusal of IM vitamin K administration by using a multiple logistic regression model.

RESULTS:

Of 102 878 newborns from 35 Better Outcomes through Research for Newborns sites, parents of 638 (0.6%) refused IM vitamin K administration. Frequency of refusal at individual sites varied from 0% to 2.3%. Exclusive breastfeeding (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.1–5.5), non-Hispanic white race and/or ethnicity (aOR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2–2.4), female sex (aOR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2–2.3), gestational age (aOR = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.1–1.4), and mother’s age (aOR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02–1.08) were significantly associated with refusal of IM vitamin K administration. Refusal of the administration of both ocular prophylaxis and hepatitis B vaccine was also strongly associated with refusal of IM vitamin K administration (aOR = 88.7; 95% CI: 50.4–151.9).

CONCLUSIONS:

Refusal of IM vitamin K by parents of newborns is a significant problem. Interventions to minimize risks to these newborns are needed.
Expanding the geographical distribution of the Egyptian Mongoose, Herpestes ichneumon (Linnaeus, 1758), in South Africa
Authors: Swanepoel Lourens H. , Loock Daan , Matthews Wayne S. , Emslie Kevin W.
Published: July 2018

The current geographical distribution of the Egyptian Mongoose or Large Grey Mongoose, Herpestes ichneumon (Linnaeus, 1758), in South Africa is limited to the south-eastern coastal and eastern sections of the country. One recent sighting in the central part of the country suggested a wider geographical distribution. In this study, we report on confirmed sightings of the Egyptian Mongoose on consecutive years in the central part (at Sasol’s Synfuels Plant in Secunda) of the country. Our sightings thus expand the distribution of the Egyptian Mongoose in South Africa to include some sections of the central to eastern part of the country.
What helps or hinders clinicians in their decision-making processes when using or prescribing mHealth apps in practice? An exploratory study
Authors: Hempel Claire , Sezier Ann , Terry Gareth
Published: July 2018

Recent advancement and use of technology in healthcare has led to a rapid growth and availability of mobile health applications (mHealth apps) in clinical practice. This proliferation has led to growing concern over the unregulated nature of this new industry. The expectation that clinicians abide by the rule “do no harm” has also raised concerns regarding the maintenance of client safety and questions as to how clinicians navigate this tension and how mHealth apps are being used in clinical practice. This research investigated what helps and hinders the use and prescription of mHealth apps in allied health clinical practice. Using a qualitative descriptive methodology, an exploratory study was conducted utilising a mixed methods approach. The twelve participants consisted of 11 physiotherapists and an occupational therapist. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data. Two themes were constructed from the data: (1) Deflection of professional responsibility and (2) Dependence on the physiotherapy toolbox and evidence based practice. This research established basic understanding of the acceptability and use of mobile technology in allied health practice. Results demonstrated a poor use of mHealth apps and a preference for a certain kind of evidence-based technique in clinical practice. Clinicians also voiced a lack of knowledge and confidence in their own skills or judgements in relation to mHealth apps, with many admitting to relying on recommendations by colleagues, professional bodies and clients.
The Family Communio Personarum and Upbringing
Authors: Stala Józef , Garmaz Jadranka
Published: July 2018

Not only are marriage and the family, natural and religious institutions but, above all, they are communities of persons fulfilling their personal calling. However, communio personarum does not only result from the natural relations, but is a consequence of faith, which unites family with Jesus Christ. This article will present the pedagogical consequences of acknowledging the family as communio personarum, including the fact that every family is a privileged place of upbringing and parents, who bestowed the gift of life upon their child, have been gifted with a wealth of upbringing skills. The marital relation, as a “me” and “you” relation, constitutes the foundation for other family relations, as well as the everyday educational support for the child. Parents, however, accompany their children in forming their mature personality and religiousness.
Motivation for assistance activities among hospice, missionary and sport volunteers
Authors: Śliwak Jacek , Zarzycka Beata , Partyka Józef
Published: July 2018

The aim of the study is to analyze motivation for undertaking activities to help others by people involved in various forms of volunteer work. We analyzed two sources of motivation: moral endo‒exocentrism and the value system among three groups: hospice, missionary and sports volunteers. The study involved 173 people between 16 to 77 years of age, 59 giving service in a hospice, 63 in missionary activities and 51 as sports volunteers. We applied the Moral Endo-Exocentrism Questionnaire (MEEQ) by Karyłowski, Górski and Wasiak and the Portraits Questionnaire (PVQ) by Schwartz. The study showed higher levels of exocentric than endocentric motivation among the three groups of volunteers. However, the intergroup value preference comparison revealed 7 values which significantly differentiated hospice, missionary and sports volunteers: Tradition, Hedonism, Success, Power, Self-Directing, Stimulation and Universalism.
Emigrazione economica dei giovani polacchi come fattore significativo di sfide all’interno del matrimonio e della famiglia nella perspettiva canonistica
Authors: Brzemia-Bonarek Aleksandra
Published: July 2018

In Poland, in the last 25 years, theologians, lawyers, sociologist and psychologists have discussed significant changes in the field of marriage and family. The political transformations caused not only economic development, but also cultural transformation and globalization of social phenomena. Among such issues there is the problem of the emigration of young polish citizens. Apart from the positive economic and cultural aspects of working abroad, some negative influence on the strength and unity of the families has been observed. In the article effort was made to examine the impact of labor migration on the reorientation of the general family in the light of matrimonial nullity processes, where the emigrant was involved as the Petitioner or the Respondent party. The author`s conclusion is that it is the last chance to create and put into practice, as soon as possible, the modern and interdisciplinary program of pastoral care directed to the families of the migrants, especially the new generation.
Collective identity in the age of globalisation
Authors: Bobro Magdalena
Published: July 2018

This article deals with the legal liability of collective person in the age of globalization. It touches the problem of the “person” in such fields as law, philosophy and sociology.The article presents the influence of globalisation on identity and the question of individualisation. Identity is defined as a process of internal and external adjustment. The processes of globalisation may contribute to the loss of cultural identity. The diverse nature of globalisation has given rise to new identities. Concurrently, the article also presents the challenges posed by globalisation, for instance: identity and freedom of individualisation versus community and belonging.The author aims to make a short analysis according to the liability of collective persons throughout the history of civil and criminal law.
Itinéraire d’un bouc emissaire
Authors: Prijatelj Erika
Published: July 2018

Sacrifice is an important part of religious, ethical and political life. In addition, the term;sacrifice’ has several meanings; one of them denotes a victim of crime. In this paper, we focus exclusively on victims of scapegoating. Scapegoats – individuals or communities – may be victims of others, or otherwise they may experience themselves in this way. This paper explores both possibilities. It, primarily studies the psychology of scapegoating based on the premise of the innate human need to discharge tensions, and then presents several paths out of the scapegoating mechanism. It also illustrates scapegoating dynamics in the media and explores the example of Slovenia based on its history and the current situation with respect to transferring of blame.
POSSIBLE MECHANISMS OF SELF-REGULATION OF PARASITIC SYSTEMS IN THE BIOGEOCENOSIS
Authors: Yakovlev A. A. , Pozdeeva E. S.
Published: July 2018

The current epidemiological literature mainly presents the mechanisms of self-regulation of a single parasitic system influenced by natural and social factors. At the same time, epidemiology traditionally considers particularly the epidemic process of individual infections. In the human population however, many pathogenic microorganisms circulate and cause diseases in humans simultaneously; nevertheless the possibility of interactions between the various parasitic systems included in biogeocenosis and the influence of the considered interrelation on the development of the epidemic process and its manifestations is not taken into account generally. The presented study basing on the analysis of literary publications discusses possible mechanisms causing processes of self-regulation of parasitic systems in the conditions of biogeocenosis and, primarily, the integrative-competitive relations that develop between them as the leading regulating force. Therefore the following position is justified: regulatory processes in one parasitic system occur when influenced by self-regulation processes in biogeocenosis as a whole in response to the influence of both external and internal factors. Ultimately, the authors associate tendencies in the incidence of individual nosological forms, transformation of the structure of infectious pathology in different time periods, and some other manifestations of the epidemic process with the self-adaptation of ecosystems.
MEDICAL AND SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POST-STROKE PATIENTS UNDERGOING MEDICAL REHABILITATION IN OUTPATIENT SETTINGS
Authors: Badrutdinova L. R. , Manerova O. A. , Kostenko E. V.
Published: July 2018

Background: According to the statistics of death rates in the Russian Federation in recent years, diseases of the circulatory system are regarded as the leading cause of mortality (50.07%, or 653.9 per 100 thousand in 2015). Identification of the main trends specific to the dynamics of the health state of post-stroke patient provides an opportunity to conduct substantiated medical and rehabilitation measures focused on the improvement of health status and life quality of this category of people with the greatest economic efficiency which is essential and relevant under the conditions of permanent financial limitation in medical and social care.Aims: To assess the medical and social characteristics of patients who had acute cerebrovascular accidents and underwent medical rehabilitation in outpatient settings.Materials and methods: A retrospective research was performed; the subject of the study is post-stroke patients who received medical rehabilitation in outpatient settings in the period 2011−2015. The data was obtained by collecting information from the outpatient’s medical documents and processed by statistical and analytical methods of investigation.Results: The study analyzed 400 records of post-stroke patients who underwent medical rehabilitation in outpatient settings. The investigated data revealed some medical and social characteristics of the “typical” patient undergoing medical rehabilitation: working-age patient with first stroke who had no defined disability category but had comorbid pathology in past medical history and high-stress intellectual profession.Conclusions: The analysis allows selecting the priority areas of medical and preventive work aimed at improving the quality of life and health of the population. Specification of the patient’s medical and social characteristics is the key element in the formation of targeted programs of preventive and rehabilitation measures.
THE PERSONALIZED APPROACH TO ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY DURING PREGNANCY IN TERMS OF CLINICAL PHARMACOGENETICS
Authors: Ignatko I. V. , Strizhakov L. A. , Florova V. S. , Martirosova A. L.
Published: July 2018

The right drug at the right dose administered to a patient in time is the goal which all medical specialists aim at when prescribing medicines to patients. Pregnancy is a condition when the principle of personalized pharmacotherapy is especially relevant. Due to the developing fetus and the occurring changes in the maternal organism, the selection of drug therapy during pregnancy is especially difficult for a clinician. This issue is tightly intertwined with clinical pharmacogenetics since the genetic code of a woman that determines the activity of the liver cytochrome, the fetus-placental barrier, and renal clearance contributes to the peculiarities of the drug metabolism during pregnancy. Additional data provides the opportunities to form therapeutic models and to determine the ways of personifying pharmacotherapy in pregnancy. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available data on the pharmacogenetics of antihypertensive drugs used during pregnancy.
TRANSCRIPTOMICS RESEARCH IN THE CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF PATHOGENETIC MECHANISMS OF ALIMENTARY OBESITY
Authors: Gmoshinski I. V. , Apryatin S. A. , Sharafetdinov Kh. Kh. , Nikitjuk D. B. , Tutelyan V. A.
Published: July 2018

The review considers the significant role of changes in the transcriptome of organs and tissues for studying the molecular mechanisms of obesity development. Modern methods of transcriptomics including technologies for quantitative RT-PCR and DNA microarrays provided a new approach to the search for sensitive molecular markers as obesity predictors Differential gene expression profiles are mostly organo- and tissue-specific for adipose tissue, liver, brain, and other organs and tissues; can significantly differ in animal in vivo models with genetically determined and dietary induced obesity. At the same time, coordinated regulation is registered in the organs and tissues of expression of extensive groups of genes associated with lipid, cholesterol, and carbohydrate metabolism, the synthesis and circulation of neurotransmitters of dopamine and serotonin, peptide hormones, cytokines which induce systemic inflammation. For systemic regulation mechanisms causing a concerted change in the transcription of tens and hundreds of genes in obesity, the adipokines effects should be pointed out, primarily leptin, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, the micro-RNA (miRs) system and central effects developing at NPY/AgRP+ and POMC/CART+ neurons of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Results of transcriptomic studies can be used in preclinical trials of new drugs and methods of dietary correction of obesity in animal’s in vivo models, as well as in the search for clinical predictors and markers of metabolic abnormalities in patients with obesity receiving personalized therapy. The main problem of transcriptomic studies in in vivo models is incomplete consistency between the data obtained with full-transcriptional profiling and the results of quantitative RT-PCR expression of individual candidate genes, as well as metabolic and proteomic studies. The identification and elimination of the causes of such discrepancies can be one of the promising areas for improving transcriptomical research.
Writing letters to the editor: A workshop
Authors: Kataoka Yuki , Kimachi Miho , Kumasawa Junji , Shimizu Sayaka
Published: July 2018

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended.
Effect of joint thickness on seismic response across a filled rock fracture
Authors: Li X. F. , Li H. B. , Li J. C. , Zhao J.
Published: July 2018

This study aims to investigate the influence of joint thickness on seismic response across a filled fracture with strong nonlinear deformability. To simulate seismic attenuation of thicker joints subject to high-amplitude stress waves, the split Hopkinson pressure bar is utilised to generate normally incident P wave and the dry quartz sand is used to simulate the filled joints. Three joint thicknesses – that is 5, 10 and 15 mm, are studied under identical incident waves. The stress–strain response of the filling materials is described by Barton–Bandis model having different loading–unloading behaviours. The initial stiffness and the maximum allowable closure of the joints changing with the joint thickness are studied. The thicker joints result in lower initial stiffness and cause lower seismic wave transmission across the fracture. The high-amplitude stress strengthens the nonlinearity of the filling materials and increases the stiffness. Besides, the seismic attenuation factor Q, derived from the energy dissipation, is lower than that computed by the transmission coefficient due to the frequency filtering.
Structural features and hydro-mechanical behaviour of a compacted andesitic volcanic soil
Authors: Hernandez O. , Cordão Neto M. P. , Caicedo B.
Published: July 2018

Soils derived from volcanic ash comprise 0·84% of the soils worldwide and this proportion increases in countries located on the Andean mountains. These soils have very unusual properties due to the presence of clay minerals not found in sedimentary soils. Particularly, the hydromechanical and structural properties of volcanic soils undergo huge changes depending on the degree of pre-drying of the samples. Although the main characteristics of volcanic soils have been studied during the last 50 years, few works focused on the hydromechanical and structural behaviour of compacted volcanic soils, which forms the purpose of this study. The behaviour of volcanic soil was evaluated using mineralogical characterisation tests, thermogravimetric analysis, compressibility, direct shear, water-retention curves and distribution of pores in the structure. The results showed the high irreversibility of the characteristics of the soil depending on the changes in water content that the soil undergoes before compaction.
Simulating the Macroeconomic Effects of Unconventional Monetary Policies
Authors: Doniger Cynthia L. , Chung Hess T. , Fuentes-Albero Cristina , Schlusche Bernd , Zheng Wei
Published: July 2018

In this note, we describe a method for calculating simulation results and demonstrate the benefits of the integrated model by analyzing a policy that entails an endogenous balance sheet response.
Lipid peroxidation assessment v1
Authors: Maciel de Oliveira Karen
Published: July 2018

Lipid peroxidation (LP) is determined by quantifying the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the homogenate supernatant in the caudal adjacent segment to epicenter by colorimetric reaction with thiobarbituric acid (TBA) at high temperatures. Malondialdehyde is the principal and most studied product of polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidation.
A ameaça como último recurso argumentativo em audiências de conciliação no PROCON
Authors: Torres Vieira Amitza , Tarocco Santos Rogéria
Published: July 2018

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as ameaças produzidas no PROCON. Nesse contexto, o fato de o reclamante e o reclamado apresentarem posições diferentes acerca da reclamação gera um embate de ideias no qual cada participante busca sustentar seu ponto de vista por meio de argumentos. Com base no modelo interacional de argumentação proposto por Schiffrin (1987) e nos movimentos argumentativos encontrados por Barletta (2014), este estudo buscou averiguar se, no PROCON, as ameaças são utilizadas como estratégias argumentativas. A análise do presente estudo é de natureza qualitativa e interpretativa (DENZIN e LINCOLN, 2000), com base em dados reais de fala, transcritos segundo as convenções do modelo Jefferson (1974). Os resultados mostram que, quando cada parte sustenta seu ponto de vista e não se mostra disposta à formulação do acordo, a ameaça pode ser utilizada como último recurso argumentativo a fim de estabelecer a resolução do conflito.
Results of open and endoscopy-guided removal of hypertensive intracerebral hematomas
Authors: Shesterikov Ya. A. , Petrosyan К. G. , Pospelov E. N. , Melidi Е. G. , Tsilina S. V. , Govorova N. V. , Dashyan V. G.
Published: July 2018

The objectiveis to compare the effectiveness of surgical treatment of the patients with hypertensive intracerebral hematomas (ICH) using endoscopic aspiration and craniotomy removal.

Materials and methods.Analysis of the results of surgical treatment of 132 patients with ICH. Patients of group I (n = 72) underwent craniotomy removal of ICH, group II (n = 60) underwent endoscopic intervention. Endoscopic ICH aspiration was performed using surgical navigation system and ventriculoscope (outer diameter – 6.5 mm, operating length – 13 cm, luminal area of the working channel – 20 mm2), with a high light-transmitting capacity.

Results.Death rate in the patients over the age of 71 after endoscopic intervention was significantly lower than after craniotomy removal (45.4 and 86 %, respectively). In patients with soporose condition, death rate after open removal was 86.4 %, and after endoscopic aspiration – 44 %; in patients with wakefulness reduced to coma this indicator was 100 and 75 %, respectively. Death rate in the patients with thalamic ICH was 20 % after endoscopic intervention and 83.3 % after open surgery, with putaminal ICH – 39.5 and 50 %, respectively, with subcortical ICH – 22.7 and 0 %. Among patients with a hematoma with volume of up to 40 ml, death rate was 17.2 and 4.7 % in the groups I and II, respectively, with volume from 61 to 100 ml – 81.8 and 66.7 %.

Conclusion. After endoscopy-guided removal of ICH the number of patients with good recovery increased 3-fold, and the post-operative mortality decreased by 19 %. The use of endoscopic technique in the treatment of hypertensive ICH under the control of neuronavigation (in comparison with open craniotomy removal and microsurgical ICH evacuation) improved the results of treatment due to decreasing of mortality rate and improvement of functional outcomes of the disease.
Rays and people which enlighted neurosurgery
Authors: Kondakov E. N.
Published: July 2018

The article describes the main stages of development of radiological diagnostic methods in neurosurgery from the discovery of x-rays by V. Roentgen and till the invention of modern tomographs. The role of russian and foreign scientists in this succession process is especially noted.
THE MACEDONIA CONFLICT VERSUS YOUNG TURK REVOLUTION/
Authors: Dural A. Baran
Published: July 2018

Young Turk Revolution in 1908 was
seen very promising both for Muslim and Christan popululation of the Ottoman State
in order to overcome the ethnic conflict within the state at first sight. The
Young Turk Revolution trying to find an interconnection within the ethnical groups
by gathering the minorities in an unity under the “Ottoman citizenship” with the ideology called “Ottomanism.” The Jewish population and the Albenian leadership were
only two groups supporting the “Ottoman identity”
being proposed byYoung Turks where as Serbian, Greek, Bulgarian, Macedonian
groups either trying to unify themselves with their fatherlands or gettin gready
to win their freedom over Turkish rulers. Getting rid of the “Turkish Yoke” was the main parole for
the Balkan national identities so it was clearly soted out the Balkan
leaderships neither settle down nor build a strong relationship with the
Progress and Union Party, came into power after the Young Turk Revolution. In this
article the “rockyroad” of the Balkan
nations will be examined under the scope of the Young Turks Revolution’s attitude
towards the Macedonia Conflict.