bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct observation of methylcyclopentenyl cations (MCP+) and olefin generation in methanol conversion over TON zeolite
Authors: Wang Jinbang , Wei Yingxu , Li Jinzhe , Xu Shutao , Zhang Wenna , He Yanli , Chen Jingrun , Zhang Mozhi , Zheng Anmin , Deng Feng , Guo Xinwen , Liu Zhongmin
Published: September 2015

An induction period and MCP+ formed in the methanol conversion have been observed successfully for the first time, indicating that the hydrocarbon pool (HCP) mechanism cannot be ruled out over H-ZSM-22.
Effects of composition modulation on the luminescence properties of Eu3+ doped Li1−xAgxLu(MoO4)2 solid-solution phosphors
Authors: Cheng Fangrui , Xia Zhiguo , Molokeev Maxim S. , Jing Xiping
Published: September 2015

The composition, structural evolution and luminescence properties of double molybdate scheelite-type solid-solution phosphors Li1−xAgxLu1−y(MoO4)2:yEu3+ have been studied.
Group 13 complexes of dipyridylmethane, a forgotten ligand in coordination chemistry
Authors: Vasko Petra , Kinnunen Virva , O. Moilanen Jani , Roemmele Tracey L. , Boeré René T. , Konu Jari , Tuononen Heikki M.
Published: September 2015

A comprehensive study of the coordination properties of dipyridylmethane (dpma) was performed. The preparation of metal complexes of the type [(dpma)2MCl2]+, [(dpma)MCl2]+, (M = Al, Ga), (dpma)InCl3 and (dpma)(BCl3)2 is described along with their characterization.
The structures of CyMe4-BTBP complexes of americium(iii) and europium(iii) in solvents used in solvent extraction, explaining their separation properties
Authors: Ekberg Christian , Löfström-Engdahl Elin , Aneheim Emma , Foreman Mark R. StJ. , Geist Andreas , Lundberg Daniel , Denecke Melissa , Persson Ingmar
Published: September 2015

The structure around the absorbing atom in the dicomplexes of CyMe4-BTBP of americium(iii) and europium(III) have been studied in solvent used in solvent extraction.
Co-sensitization promoted light harvesting with a new mixed-addenda polyoxometalate [Cu(C12H8N2)2]2[V2W4O19]·4H2O in dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Xu Sha-Sha , Chen Wei-Lin , Wang Yan-Hua , Li Yang-Guang , Liu Zhu-Jun , Shan Chun-Hui , Su Zhong-Min , Wang En-Bo
Published: September 2015

[Cu(C12H8N2)2]2[V2W4O19]·4H2O-doped TiO2 composites were introduced into the dye-sensitized solar cells as co-sensitizers in N719-sensitized photoanodes to enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency.
A peptide-based fluorescent chemosensor for measuring cadmium ions in aqueous solutions and live cells
Authors: Wang Peng , Wu Jiang , Liu Lixuan , Zhou Panpan , Ge Yushu , Liu Dan , Liu Weisheng , Tang Yu
Published: September 2015

A novel peptide fluorescent chemosensor (H2L) has been designed and synthesized by solid phase peptide synthesis, which is a promising analytical tool for detecting Cd2+ in 100% aqueous solutions and live cells.
Insights into the dehydrogenation reaction process of a K-containing Mg(NH2)2–2LiH system
Authors: Liu Yongfeng , Yang Yaxiong , Zhang Xin , Li You , Gao Mingxia , Pan Hongge
Published: September 2015

KH and Li2K(NH2)3, formed in situ during ball milling, participate as reactants in the dehydrogenation reaction of the Mg(NH2)2–2LiH system.
Closing the loop: captured CO2 as a feedstock in the chemical industry
Authors: Otto Alexander , Grube Thomas , Schiebahn Sebastian , Stolten Detlef
Published: September 2015

Identification of CO2 utilization reactions that have the most potential for future technical exploration and implementation within the chemical industry.
Shape memory polymer-based self-healing triboelectric nanogenerator
Authors: Lee Jeong Hwan , Hinchet Ronan , Kim Sung Kyun , Kim Sanghyun , Kim Sang-Woo
Published: September 2015

We introduce a new smart SMP–TENG structure and studied its degradation and healing process. The SMP improves the endurance and lifetime, and thus demonstrates the huge potential of self-healing SMP–TENGs.
Catalyst-free dehydrative SN1-type reaction of indolyl alcohols with diverse nucleophiles “on water”
Authors: Xiao Jian , Wen Hao , Wang Liang , Xu Lubin , Hao Zhihui , Shao Chang-Lun , Wang Chang-Yun
Published: September 2015

An efficient dehydrative SN1-type reaction of indolyl alcohols with diverse nucleophiles was developed using water as the solvent, affording versatile 3-indolyl derivatives in high yields. The advantages of being catalyst-free, environmentally benign, and wide substrate scope make it a promising method for preparation of indolyl compounds.
Pressing a spring: what does it take to maximize the energy storage in nanoporous supercapacitors?
Authors: Kondrat Svyatoslav , Kornyshev Alexei A.
Published: September 2015

Increasing the phobicity of pores towards ions can improve energy storage in nanoporous supercapacitors, and simultaneously increase the power density.
Two-step synthesis of luminescent MoS2–ZnS hybrid quantum dots
Authors: Clark Rhiannon M. , Carey Benjamin J. , Daeneke Torben , Atkin Paul , Bhaskaran Madhu , Latham Kay , Cole Ivan S. , Kalantar-zadeh Kourosh
Published: September 2015

Hybrid MoS2–ZnS quantum dots have been synthesised, with enhanced photoluminescence compared to bare MoS2 quantum dots or nanoflakes.
Direct radical trifluoromethylthiolation and thiocyanation of aryl alkynoate esters: mild and facile synthesis of 3-trifluoromethylthiolated and 3-thiocyanated coumarins
Authors: Zeng Yao-Fu , Tan Dong-Hang , Chen Yunyun , Lv Wen-Xin , Liu Xu-Ge , Li Qingjiang , Wang Honggen
Published: September 2015

A facile oxidative radical cyclization of aryl alkynoate esters for the synthesis of 3-trifluoromethylthiolated and 3-thiocyanated coumarins is developed.
Separation of manganese from aqueous solution using an emulsion liquid membrane
Authors: Laki Saeed , Arabi Shamsabadi Ahmad , Madaeni Sayed Siavash , Niroomanesh Mohammad
Published: September 2015

The present study deals with the carrier-facilitated transport of manganese from an acidic leach solution in an emulsion liquid membrane system.
Flexible quantum dot light emitting diodes based on ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Pan Jiangyong , Chen Jing , Huang Qianqian , Khan Qasim , Liu Xiang , Tao Zhi , Lei Wei , Xu Feng , Zhang Zichen
Published: September 2015

High performance, mechanically flexible quantum dot light emitting diodes (QLEDs) based on ZnO nanoparticles used as an electron transfer layer (ETL) are reported.
A study of the electronic structure and structural stability of Gd2Ti2O7 based glass-ceramic composites
Authors: Aluri Esther Rani , Grosvenor Andrew P.
Published: September 2015

Glass-ceramic composite materials have been investigated for nuclear waste sequestration applications due to their ability to incorporate large amounts of radioactive waste elements.
Size dependent electronic band structures of β- and γ-graphyne nanotubes
Authors: Kang Baotao , Moon Jong Hun , Lee Jin Yong
Published: September 2015

In the present paper, density functional theory calculations have been implemented by using Dmol3 to study the electronic band structures of β-graphyne nanotubes (βGyNTs) and γ-graphyne nanotubes (γGyNTs).
Tailoring the surface properties of cerium oxide nanoabrasives through morphology control for glass CMP
Authors: Sreeremya Thadathil S. , Prabhakaran Malini , Ghosh Swapankumar
Published: September 2015

Ceria nanostructures synthesized through simple synthetic protocols showed morphology dependence in the chemical mechanical planarization of glass by virtue of their diverse surface properties.
Study on the association between CTD peptides and zinc(ii)-dipicolylamine appended beta-cyclodextrin
Authors: Zhang Saihui , Shi Yantao , Wang Wei , Yuan Zhi
Published: September 2015

Association between zinc(ii)-dipicolylamine appended beta-cyclodextrin and CTD (carboxy-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II) peptides with different phosphorylation patterns was studied by ITC and NMR.
Dye-sensitization of boron-doped diamond foam: champion photoelectrochemical performance of diamond electrodes under solar light illumination
Authors: Krysova Hana , Kavan Ladislav , Zivcova Zuzana Vlckova , Yeap Weng Siang , Verstappen Pieter , Maes Wouter , Haenen Ken , Gao Fang , Nebel Christoph E.
Published: September 2015

Diamond foams composed of hollow spheres of polycrystalline boron-doped diamond are chemically modified with two donor–acceptor type molecular dyes, BT-Rho and CPDT-Fur, and tested as electrode materials for p-type dye-sensitized solar cells.
Influence of the surface layer of hydrated silicon on the stabilization of Co2+ cations in Zr–Si fiberglass materials according to XPS, UV-Vis DRS, and differential dissolution phase analysis
Authors: Larina Tatyana V. , Dovlitova Larisa S. , Kaichev Vasily V. , Malakhov Vladislav V. , Glazneva Tatyana S. , Paukshtis Evgeny A. , Bal'zhinimaev Bair S.
Published: September 2015

Two forms of cobalt in fiberglass materials: dimers of Co2+Td in the subsurface layer and isolated Co2+Oh in the bulk.
Reducing the cytotoxicity while improving the anti-cancer activity of silver nanoparticles through α-tocopherol succinate modification
Authors: Hu Guansong , Cai Yuchun , Tu Zhengchao , Luo Jinfeng , Qiao Xueliang , Chen Qingyuan , Zhang Wanzhong
Published: September 2015

α-TOS modified Ag NPs could reduce the cytotoxicity while improving the anti-cancer activity of Ag NPs.
Direct determination of uranium and thorium in minerals by time-of-flight mass spectrometry with pulsed glow discharge
Authors: Ganeev Aleksandr , Bogdanova Oksana , Ivanov Ilia , Burakov Boris , Agafonova Natalia , Korotetski Boris , Gubal Anna , Solovyev Nikolay , Iakovleva Evgenia , Sillanpää Mika
Published: September 2015

A direct method of uranium and thorium determination in non-conducting geological samples using time-of-flight mass spectrometry with pulsed glow discharge was proposed.
Efficient absorption of ammonia with hydroxyl-functionalized ionic liquids
Authors: Li Zhijie , Zhang Xiangping , Dong Haifeng , Zhang Xiaochun , Gao Hongshuai , Zhang Suojiang , Li Jianwei , Wang Congmin
Published: September 2015

The efficient ammonia absorption capacities of hydroxyl-functionalized ILs are due to the strong hydrogen bonding between the N atom of NH3 and the H atom of the hydroxyl on cation.
Study of the electronic structure, stability and magnetic quenching of CrGen(n = 1–17) clusters: a density functional investigation
Authors: Dhaka Kapil , Bandyopadhyay Debashis
Published: September 2015

The current DFT based study of CrGen(n= 1–20) series shows that the enhanced stability of the ground state clusters CrGe10and CrGe14can be explained by means of 18-electron rule. However, it cannot be applied for highly symmetric CrGe12cluster.
Optimal hydrothermal synthesis, characterization, and sensor application of sulfur-doped γ-MnOOH microrods
Authors: Ding Junwei , Liu Tianjiao , Xu Wei , Liao Hang , Li Jingfeng , Wei Gang , Su Zhiqiang
Published: September 2015

We demonstrate the optimal hydrothermal synthesis of S-doped γ-MnOOH microrods for highly sensitive electrochemical detection of hydrazine.
Synthesis and application of polypyrrole coated tenorite nanoparticles (PPy@TN) for the removal of the anionic food dye ‘tartrazine’ and divalent metallic ions viz. Pb(ii), Cd(ii), Zn(ii), Co(ii), Mn(ii) from synthetic wastewater
Authors: Srivastava Varsha , Maydannik Philipp , Sharma Y. C. , Sillanpää Mika
Published: September 2015

Polypyrrole coated tenorite nanoparticles with brick like morphology were successfully synthesized for the removal of a food dye “tartrazine”. Dye loaded adsorbent acted as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of divalent metallic ions.
Selective synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted furan-3-carboxylates and the isomeric 2,4-disubstituted furan-3-carboxylates
Authors: Chen Panpan , Meng Yinggao , Yang Qinghua , Wu Jie , Xiao Yuanyuan , Gorja Dhilli Rao , Song Chuanjun , Chang Junbiao
Published: September 2015

Regioselective formation of 2,5-disubstituted furan-3-carboxylates and the isomeric 2,4-disubstituted furan-3-carboxylates from the same substrates was realized under different reaction condition.
Ferro- and piezo-electric properties of a poly(vinyl fluoride) film with high ferro- to para-electric phase transition temperature
Authors: Li Zhong , Wang Jian , Wang Xiao , Yang Qinghao , Zhang Zhicheng
Published: September 2015

Excellent ferro- and piezo-electricity is observed for the first time in poly(vinyl fluoride) with a ferro- to para-electric transition at 168 °C, a coercive electric field of 120 MV m−1 and a relatively large piezoelectric coefficient of −11 pC N−1.
Controllably tuning the near-infrared plasmonic modes of gold nanoplates for enhanced optical coherence imaging and photothermal therapy
Authors: Jiang Xueqin , Liu Renming , Tang Peijun , Li Wanbo , Zhong Huixiang , Zhou Zhangkai , Zhou Jianhua
Published: September 2015

Ozone can be used to precisely tailor the plasmon mode of gold triangular nanoprism for enhancing optical imaging and therapy.
Synthesis and properties of high temperature phthalonitrile polymers based on o, m, p-dihydroxybenzene isomers
Authors: Chen Xinggang , Shan Shuyan , Liu Jiayu , Qu Xiongwei , Zhang Qingxin
Published: September 2015

o-BDB,m-BDB andp-BDB monomers with imperfect crystal structures were synthesized by a nucleophilic substitution reaction.
Reductant-assisted synthesis, characterization and photovoltaic characteristics of ligand-protected gold nanoparticles
Authors: Shahzad Naveed , Chen Fuyi
Published: September 2015

Influence of nano-particles sizes on photovoltaic characteristics.
Needle-free drop deposition: the role of elastic membranes
Authors: Waghmare Prashant R. , Mitra Surjyasish , Kumar Gunda Naga Siva , Mitra Sushanta K.
Published: September 2015

Needle-free contact angle measurement of low-energy surfaces (superhydrophobic, superoleophobic, etc.) is critical for characterizing such substrates.
Preparation of keratin/chlorhexidine complex nanoparticles for long-term and dual stimuli-responsive release
Authors: Zhi Xuelian , Wang Yanfang , Li Pengfei , Yuan Jiang , Shen Jian
Published: September 2015

Nanoscale polyion complex formationviathe electrostatic complexation of a polyelectrolyte and a charged drug is the most convenient method for building a drug delivery system that simultaneously realizes the carrier preparation and drug embedding.
Graphene stabilized high-κ dielectric Y2O3 (111) monolayers and their interfacial properties
Authors: Song Ting Ting , Yang Ming , Callsen Martin , Wu Qing Yun , Zhou Jun , Wang Shao Feng , Wang Shi Jie , Feng Yuan Ping
Published: September 2015

In this study, via first-principles calculations, we predict a stable planar Y2O3 (111) monolayer with a direct band gap of 3.96 eV. This high-κ dielectric monolayer can be further stabilized by a graphene substrate.
Synthesizing highly conductive cobalt sulfide hydrangea macrophylla using long carbon-chain sulfur source for supercapacitors
Authors: Chiu Jun-Ming , Lin Lu-Yin , Yeh Ping-Hung , Lai Chun-Yen , Teng Ke , Tu Chao-Chi , Yang Sheng-Sian , Yu Jheng-Fong
Published: September 2015

Novel cobalt sulfide hydrangea macrophylla with conductive carbon layer on the surface was synthesized in a one-pot method using 1-dodecanethiol as the sulfur source connected with long carbon chains as the electroactive material for supercapacitors.
Correction: Polymers of intrinsic microporosity as high temperature templates for the formation of nanofibrous oxides
Authors: Al-Kutubi H. , Rassaei L. , Olthuis W. , Nelson G. W. , Foord J. S. , Holdway P. , Carta M. , Malpass-Evans R. , McKeown N. B. , Tsang S. C. , Castaing R. , Forder T. R. , Jones M. D. , He D. , Marken F.
Published: September 2015

Correction for ‘Polymers of intrinsic microporosity as high temperature templates for the formation of nanofibrous oxides’ by H. Al Kutubi et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 73323–73326.
Reconstructing the fractal dimension of granular aggregates from light intensity spectra
Authors: Tang Fiona H. M. , Maggi Federico
Published: September 2015

The 3D capacity dimension d0(S3) of aggregates is retrieved using a 2D perimeter-based fractal dimension spectrum dP,I that varies with image light intensity.
Ion exchange in alginate gels – dynamic behaviour revealed by electron paramagnetic resonance
Authors: Ionita Gabriela , Ariciu Ana Maria , Smith David K. , Chechik Victor
Published: September 2015

Cation and polyanion exchange in alginate gels were monitored by spin labelling and EPR spectroscopy.
Nanocoating for biomolecule delivery using layer-by-layer self-assembly
Authors: Keeney M. , Jiang X. Y. , Yamane M. , Lee M. , Goodman S. , Yang F.
Published: September 2015

Schematic illustrates the formation of LbL coatings using different methods. (A) Electrostatic interactions; (B) Hydrogen bonding; or (C) Biological interactions.
Synthesis of silica nanoparticles with controllable surface roughness for therapeutic protein delivery
Authors: Niu Yuting , Yu Meihua , Zhang Jun , Yang Yannan , Xu Chun , Yeh Michael , Taran Elena , Hou Jeff Jia Cheng , Gray Peter P. , Yu Chengzhong
Published: September 2015

Silica nanoparticles with controllable surface roughness have been successfully prepared for therapeutic anti-pAkt antibody delivery.
Hemocompatible, antioxidative and antibacterial polypropylene prepared by attaching silver nanoparticles capped with TPGS
Authors: Li Chunming , Cai Bing , Jin Jing , Liu Jingchuan , Xu Xiaodong , Yin Jinghua , Yin Ligang
Published: September 2015

Synthesis of Ag NPs by TPGS and the excellent hemocompatibility, anti-oxidative and antibacterial properties of the deposition of Ag NPs onto PP grafted with NIPAAm and APMA.
Vapor phase sensing of ammonia at the sub-ppm level using a perylene diimide thin film device
Authors: Kalita Anamika , Hussain Sameer , Malik Akhtar Hussain , Subbarao Nimmakayala V. V. , Iyer Parameswar K.
Published: September 2015

A two terminal sensor device based on PDI-HIS was developed for room temperature vapor phase detection of ammonia at very low sub-ppm levels under ambient conditions.
Thermoreversible luminescent ionogels with white light emission: an experimental and theoretical approach
Authors: Souza Ramos Talita Jordanna de , da Silva Viana Rodrigo , Schaidhauer Leonardo , Cassol Tania , Alves Junior Severino
Published: September 2015

We report here the development of transparent and luminescent ionogels that consist of complexes formed by an ionic liquid and lanthanide salts (europium, terbium, or gadolinium).
Solar‐blind AlGaN MSM photodetectors with 24% external quantum efficiency at 0 V
Authors: Brendel M. , Helbling M. , Knigge A. , Brunner F. , Weyers M.
Published: September 2015

By utilising an asymmetric metallisation scheme to fabricate an AlGaN‐based solar‐blind metal–semiconductor–metal photodetector, a zero‐bias external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 24% for illumination at 240 nm wavelength from the substrate side was obtained. Moreover, an asymmetric bias‐dependence of dark current and EQE is observed. The EQE saturates at about 38% in reverse direction, whereas in forward direction the presence of an internal gain mechanism is indicated.
Telecommunication wavelength GaAsBi light emitting diodes
Authors: Richards Robert Douglas , Hunter Christopher Jack , Bastiman Faebian , Mohmad Abdul Rahman , David John Paul R.
Published: September 2015

GaAsBi light emitting diodes containing ∼6% Bi are grown on GaAs substrates. Good room‐temperature electroluminescence spectra are obtained at current densities as low as 8 Acm−2. Measurements of the integrated emitted luminescence suggest that there is a continuum of localised Bi states extending up to 75 meV into the bandgap, which is in good agreement with previous photoluminescence studies. X‐ray diffraction analysis shows that strain relaxation has probably occurred in the thicker samples grown in this study.
High‐range‐resolution two‐dimensional imaging using frequency diversity multiple‐input–multiple‐output sonar
Authors: Liu Xionghou , Sun Chao , Yang Yixin , Zhuo Jie
Published: September 2015

A high‐range‐resolution imaging method for a multiple‐input–multiple‐output sonar is proposed. In this method, a set of frequency diversity linear frequency modulation (FD‐LFM) pulses is transmitted, with a zero bandgap between two adjacent FD‐LFM pulses to suppress cross‐correlation functions. At the processing end, the synthesised matched filtering, which combines the matched filtering and the frequency band synthesising into one step, is proposed to reduce the computation burden. Moreover, the frequency‐domain weighting is adopted to suppress to the sidelobes of the synthesised auto‐correlation function to further improve the image quality. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated via the theoretical analysis, numerical simulations and water tank experiments.
Innovative ultrasound approach to estimate spinal mineral density: diagnostic assessment on overweight and obese women
Authors: Casciaro Sergio , Pisani Paola , Conversano Francesco , Renna Maria Daniela , Soloperto Giulia , Casciaro Ernesto , Quarta Eugenio , Grimaldi Antonella , Muratore Maurizio
Published: September 2015

The aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of a novel ultrasound (US) approach for lumbar spine densitometry on overweight and obese women of variable age through a clinical validation study. The US method was originally developed in women with body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2. In this study, 382 female patients were recruited (45–80 years, BMI > 25 kg/m2) and underwent dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) of lumbar spine (L1–L4) and an US scan of the same vertebrae L1–L4, performed with a dedicated device providing both echographic images and ‘raw’ radiofrequency signals. Acquired US data were analysed through a novel automatic algorithm that performed a series of spectral and statistical analyses to calculate bone mineral density employing an innovative method. Diagnostic accuracy of US investigations was quantitatively assessed through a direct comparison with DXA results. The average agreement between US and DXA diagnoses was acceptable for patients aged 45–65 years (81.5%), while a slight decrement was observed for older patients (69.6%), which can be partially due to a decrease in DXA accuracy because of age‐related degenerations. The adopted method has a potential for early osteoporosis diagnosis in people younger than 65 years, independent of their BMI.
Utilisation of multi‐objective immune deployment algorithm for coverage area maximisation with limit mobility in wireless sensors networks
Authors: Abo‐Zahhad Mohammed , Ahmed Sabah M. , Sabor Nabil , Sasaki Shigenobu
Published: September 2015

Coverage is one of the most important performance metrics for wireless sensor network (WSN) since it reflects how well a sensor field is monitored. The coverage issue in WSNs depends on many factors, such as the network topology, sensor sensing model and the most important one is the deployment strategy. Random deployment of the sensor nodes can cause coverage holes formulation. This problem is non‐deterministic polynomial‐time hard problem. So in this study, a new centralised deployment algorithm based on the immune optimisation algorithm is proposed to relocate the mobile nodes after the initial configuration to maximise the coverage area. Moreover, the proposed algorithm limits the moving distance of the mobile nodes to reduce the dissipation energy in mobility and to ensure the connectivity among the sensor nodes. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with the previous algorithms using Matlab simulation. Simulation results clear that the proposed algorithm based on binary and probabilistic sensing models improves the network coverage and the redundant covered area with minimum moving consumption energy. Furthermore, the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm also works when obstacles appear in the sensing field.
Using statistical learning to close two-fluid multiphase flow equations for a simple bubbly system
Authors: Ma Ming , Lu Jiacai , Tryggvason Gretar
Published: September 2015

Direct numerical simulations of bubbly multiphase flows are used to find closure terms for a simple model of the average flow, using Neural Networks (NNs). The flow considered consists of several nearly spherical bubbles rising in a periodic domain where the initial vertical velocity and the average bubble density are homogeneous in two directions but non-uniform in one of the horizontal directions. After an initial transient motion the average void fraction and vertical velocity become approximately uniform. The NN is trained on a dataset from one simulation and then used to simulate the evolution of other initial conditions. Overall, the resulting model predicts the evolution of the various initial conditions reasonably well.
On the scaling of temperature fluctuations induced by frictional heating
Authors: Bos Wouter J. T. , Chahine Robert , Pushkarev Andrey V.
Published: September 2015

The temperature fluctuations generated by viscous dissipation in an isotropic turbulent flow are studied using direct numerical simulation. It is shown that their scaling with Reynolds number is at odds with predictions from recent investigations. The origin of the discrepancy is traced back to the anomalous scaling of the dissipation rate fluctuations. Phenomenological arguments are presented which explain the observed results. The study shows that previously proposed models underpredict the variance of frictional temperature fluctuations by a factor proportional to the square of the Taylor-scale Reynolds number.
Efficiency and output power of thermoelectric module by taking into account corrected Joule and Thomson heat
Authors: Kim Hee Seok , Liu Weishu , Ren Zhifeng
Published: September 2015

The maximum conversion efficiency of a thermoelectric module composed of p- and n-type materials has been widely calculated using a constant property model since the 1950s, but this conventional model is only valid in limited conditions and no Thomson heat is accounted for. Since Thomson heat causes the efficiency under- or over-rated depending on the temperature dependence of Seebeck coefficient, it cannot be ignored especially in large temperature difference between the hot and cold sides. In addition, incorrect Joule heat is taken into consideration for heat flux evaluation of a thermoelectric module at thermal boundaries due to the assumption of constant properties in the conventional model. For this reason, more practical predictions for efficiency and output power and its corresponding optimum conditions of p- and n-type materials need to be revisited. In this study, generic formulae are derived based on a cumulative temperature dependence model including Thomson effect. The formulae reliably predict the maximum efficiency and output power of a thermoelectric module at a large temperature.
Exfoliation of graphene oxide and its application in improving the electro-optical response of ferroelectric liquid crystal
Authors: Kumar Veeresh , Kumar Ajay , Bhandari Shruti , Biradar A. M. , Reddy G. B. , Pasricha Renu
Published: September 2015

Near complete exfoliation and reduction of lyophilized graphene oxide (GO) has been carried out at temperature as low as 400 °C. The structural characterizations of the reduced GO have been performed using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The morphological studies were carried out using scanning electron microscopy. The synthesized GO finds an application in improving the switching performance of a liquid crystal (LC) mixture by remarkably modifying the physical properties, such as spontaneous polarization and rotational viscosity of the ferroelectric LC (FLC) material which in turn resulted into faster response of the FLC. The present study explores the possibility of low temperature thermal reduction of GO along with its application in improving the properties of LC based display systems.
Structural studies on choline-carboxylate bio-ionic liquids by x-ray scattering and molecular dynamics
Authors: Tanzi Luana , Ramondo Fabio , Caminiti Ruggero , Campetella Marco , Di Luca Andrea , Gontrani Lorenzo
Published: September 2015

We report a X-ray diffraction and molecular dynamics study on three choline-based bio-ionic liquids, choline formate, [Ch] [For], choline propanoate, [Ch][Pro], and choline butanoate, [Ch][But]. For the first time, this class of ionic liquids has been investigated by X-ray diffraction. Experimental and theoretical structure factors have been compared for each term of the series. Local structural organization has been obtained from ab initio calculations through static models of isolated ion pairs and dynamic simulations of small portions of liquids through twelve, ten, and nine ion pairs for [Ch][For], [Ch][Pro], and [Ch][But], respectively. All the theoretical models indicate that cations and anions are connected by strong hydrogen bonding and form stable ion pairs in the liquid that are reminiscent of the static ab initio ion pairs. Different structural aspects may affect the radial distribution function, like the local structure of ion pairs and the conformation of choline. When small portions of liquids have been simulated by dynamic quantum chemical methods, some key structural features of the X-ray radial distribution function were well reproduced whereas the classical force fields here applied did not entirely reproduce all the observed structural features.
Low-noise and high-speed photodetection system using optical feedback with a current amplification function
Authors: Akiba M.
Published: September 2015

A photodetection system with an optical-feedback circuit accompanied by current amplification was fabricated to minimize the drawbacks associated with a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) with a very high resistance feedback resistor. Current amplification was implemented by extracting an output light from the same light source that emitted the feedback light. The current gain corresponds to the ratio of the photocurrent created by the output light to that created by the feedback light because the feedback current value is identical to the input photocurrent value generated by an input light to be measured. The current gain has no theoretical limit. The output light was detected by a photodiode with a TIA having a small feedback resistance. The expression for the input-referred noise current of the optical-feedback photodetection system was derived, and the trade-off between sensitivity and response, which is a characteristic of TIA, was found to considerably improve. An optical-feedback photodetection system with an InGaAs pin photodiode was fabricated. The measured noise equivalent power of the system was 1.7 fW/Hz1/2 at 10 Hz and 1.3 μm, which is consistent with the derived expression. The time response of the system was found to deteriorate with decreasing photocurrent. The 50% rise time for a light pulse input increased from 3.1 μs at a photocurrent of 10 nA to 15 μs at photocurrents below 10 pA. The bandwidth of the input-referred noise current was 7 kHz, which is consistent with rise times below 10 pA.
Bifurcation of resistive wall mode dynamics predicted by magnetohydrodynamic-kinetic hybrid theory
Authors: Yang S. X. , Wang S. , Liu Y. Q. , Hao G. Z. , Wang Z. X. , Song X. M. , Wang A. K.
Published: September 2015

The magnetohydrodynamic-kinetic hybrid theory has been extensively and successfully applied for interpreting experimental observations of macroscopic, low frequency instabilities, such as the resistive wall mode, in fusion plasmas. In this work, it is discovered that an analytic version of the hybrid formulation predicts a bifurcation of the mode dynamics while varying certain physical parameters of the plasma, such as the thermal particle collisionality or the ratio of the thermal ion to electron temperatures. This bifurcation can robustly occur under reasonably large parameter spaces as well as with different assumptions, for instance, on the particle collision model. Qualitatively similar bifurcation features are also observed in full toroidal computations presented in this work, based on a non-perturbative hybrid formulation.
Detection of graphene chirality using achiral liquid crystalline platforms
Authors: Basu Rajratan , Kinnamon Daniel , Garvey Alfred
Published: September 2015

Monolayer graphene flakes were dispersed at low concentrations into two achiral liquid crystals (LCs) alkoxyphenylbenzoate (9OO4) and 4-cyano-4′-pentylbiphenyl (5CB), separately. The presence of graphene resulted in two types of chiral signatures in the LCs: an electroclinic effect (a polar tilt of the LC director perpendicular to, and linear in, an applied electric field) in the smectic-A phase of 9OO4, and a macroscopic helical twist of the LC director in the nematic phase of 5CB. Graphene flakes generally possess strain chirality and edge chirality. The non-covalent interactions between the LC molecules and chiral graphene flakes induce molecular conformational deracemization in the LC, exhibiting a bulk electroclinic effect and a macroscopic helical twist.
Localisation of RNAs and proteins in nucleolar precursor bodies of early mouse embryos
Authors: Lavrentyeva Elena , Shishova Kseniya , Kagarlitsky German , Zatsepina Olga
Published: September 2015

Early embryos of all mammalian species contain morphologically distinct but transcriptionally silent nucleoli called the nucleolar precursor bodies (NPBs), which, unlike normal nucleoli, have been poorly studied at the biochemical level. To bridge this gap, here we examined the occurrence of RNA and proteins in early mouse embryos with two fluorochromes – an RNA-binding dye pyronin Y (PY) and the protein-binding dye fluorescein-5′-isothiocyanate (FITC). The staining patterns of zygotic NPBs were then compared with those of nucleolus-like bodies (NLBs) in fully grown surrounded nucleolus (SN)-type oocytes, which are morphologically similar to NPBs. We show that both entities contain proteins, but unlike NLBs, NPBs are significantly impoverished for RNA. Detectable amounts of RNA appear on the NPB surface only after resumption of rDNA transcription and includes pre-rRNAs and 28S rRNA as evidenced by fluorescence in situ hybridisation with specific oligonucleotide probes. Immunocytochemical assays demonstrate that zygotic NPBs contain rRNA processing factors fibrillarin, nucleophosmin and nucleolin, while UBF (the RNA polymerase I transcription factor) and ribosomal proteins RPL26 and RPS10 are not detectable. Based on the results obtained and data in the contemporary literature, we suggest a scheme of NPB assembly and maturation to normal nucleoli that assumes utilisation of maternally derived nucleolar proteins but of nascent rRNAs.
Laser-based three-dimensional multiscale micropatterning of biocompatible hydrogels for customized tissue engineering scaffolds
Authors: Applegate Matthew B. , Coburn Jeannine , Partlow Benjamin P. , Moreau Jodie E. , Mondia Jessica P. , Marelli Benedetto , Kaplan David L. , Omenetto Fiorenzo G.
Published: September 2015

Significance

In this paper we present results on 3D, multiscale laser machining of soft, transparent biomaterials suited for cellular growth and/or implantation. We use an ultrafast laser to generate high-resolution, 3D structures within the bulk of a transparent soft-biomaterial formulation that can support cell growth and allow cells to penetrate deep within the material. The structure is created by multiphoton absorption which, thanks to the clarity of the silk gels, is possible nearly 1 cm below the surface of the material. This depth represents an ∼10× improvement over other materials. The ability to create micrometer-scale voids over such a large volume has promising applications in the biomedical field and its efficacy was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo.
Exploiting a precise design of universal synthetic modular regulatory elements to unlock the microbial natural products in
Streptomyces
Authors: Bai Chaoxian , Zhang Yang , Zhao Xuejin , Hu Yiling , Xiang Sihai , Miao Jin , Lou Chunbo , Zhang Lixin
Published: September 2015

Significance

To meet the increasing demands of drug discovery and biosynthetic studies, we established a precise quantitative method based on flow cytometry at single-cell (protoplast) resolution in
Streptomyces
for the identification of regulatory elements. A series of native or synthetic promoters and ribosomal binding sites has been characterized. Moreover, an insulator was demonstrated to eliminate element–element interference. As a proof of concept, a native silent gene cluster was activated by the synthetic modular regulatory elements in a predictable manner. The universality of these elements is of high value to the synthetic biology of
Streptomyces
.
Telling Stories: Dramatherapy and Theatre in Education with Boys who Have Experienced Parental Domestic Violence
Authors: Dix Ann
Published: September 2015

This article examines the effects of parental domestic violence on children and presents a case study of a group work project with primary school aged boys. This piece of work was a joint project between two dramatherapists and Leeds Theatre in Education Company and develops the dramatherapy group into an improvised performance. It considers how the different styles of work complemented each other and enabled the boys to begin to express their emotions in a profound manner through the medium of drama. It examines the relationship between the boys and their mothers and suggests that dramatherapy is a valuable approach in breaking cyclical domestic violence.
Density-Dependent Impacts on Growth and Body Condition of Red Drum in Stock Enhancement Rearing Ponds
Authors: Anderson Joel D , Cason Paul D
Published: September 2015

The quality of individuals released from fish culture facilities for stock enhancement can affect success in achieving management goals. However, the quality of released individuals is not always known, and neither are the various aspects of aquaculture that influence fish quality. Quality or body condition at multiple life stages may be influenced by density-dependent impacts on growth. Here, the influence of stocking density (number of larvae per cubic meter) at the beginning of pond culture and harvest density at the end of pond culture were assessed in relation to growth and body condition using data from 121 stock enhancement culture ponds for Red Drum Sciaenops ocellatus. While stocking density did not influence Red Drum growth rate, harvest density was a reliable predictor of growth; high density at harvest resulted in slow growth in weight (r2 = 0.33, P < 0.001) and length (r2 = 0.26, P < 0.001). No negative impacts on pond yield were observed in ponds stocked over the targeted stocking rate (988,000 larvae/ha), and mean body condition was consistent with what would be expected for individuals in wild populations. These findings suggest no observable negative biological effects of density dependence during the duration of pond culture on the quality of released Red Drum.
Lower Lethal Temperature for Arapaima Arapaima gigas: Potential Implications for Culture and Establishment in Florida
Authors: Lawson Larry L , Tuckett Quenton M , Lawson Katelyn M , Watson Craig A , Hill Jeffrey E
Published: September 2015

Arapaima Arapaima gigas is a large, predatory, obligate air-breathing fish native to the Amazon River basin. Aquaculture producers have identified this species as a candidate for commercial culture in Florida. For this species, a preliminary risk assessment using the Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit indicated a medium to high risk of invasiveness to parts of central and southern Florida. However, data on lower lethal temperature were not available, which was a data gap identified by the risk assessment. Lower lethal temperature is an important physiological characteristic, limiting not only the culture of tropical fishes in subtropical Florida but also the potential for establishing nonnative populations. This study is the first known experimental test of low-temperature tolerance for Arapaima. Our findings suggest Arapaima will not survive temperatures at or below 16°C. When compared with established nonnative fishes in Florida, this species is extremely cold sensitive, similar to that of Butterfly Peacock Bass Cichla ocellaris. Although this could present challenges to producers, it might also mitigate some concerns of regulatory staff charged with managing aquatic invasive species.
Preserving positivity for rank-constrained matrices
Authors: Guillot Dominique , Khare Apoorva , Rajaratnam Bala
Published: September 2015

Entrywise functions preserving the cone of positive semidefinite matrices have been studied by many authors, most notably by Schoenberg [Duke Math. J. 9, 1942] and Rudin [Duke Math. J. 26, 1959]. Following their work, it is well-known that entrywise functions preserving Loewner positivity in all dimensions are precisely the absolutely monotonic functions. However, there are strong theoretical and practical motivations to study functions preserving positivity in a fixed dimension

n
n

. Such characterizations for a fixed value of

n
n

are difficult to obtain, and in fact are only known in the

2
×
2

2 \times 2

case. In this paper, using a novel and intuitive approach, we study entrywise functions preserving positivity on distinguished submanifolds inside the cone obtained by imposing rank constraints. These rank constraints are prevalent in applications, and provide a natural way to relax the elusive original problem of preserving positivity in a fixed dimension. In our main result, we characterize entrywise functions mapping

n
×
n

n \times n

positive semidefinite matrices of rank at most

l
l

into positive semidefinite matrices of rank at most

k
k

for

1
≤
l
≤
n

1 \leq l \leq n

and

1
≤
k
>
n

1 \leq k > n

. We also demonstrate how an important necessary condition for preserving positivity by Horn and Loewner [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 136, 1969] can be significantly generalized by adding rank constraints. Finally, our techniques allow us to obtain an elementary proof of the classical characterization of functions preserving positivity in all dimensions obtained by Schoenberg and Rudin.
Orchestration of ErbB3 signaling through heterointeractions and homointeractions
Authors: McCabe Pryor Meghan , Steinkamp Mara P. , Halasz Adam M. , Chen Ye , Yang Shujie , Smith Marilyn S. , Zahoransky-Kohalmi Gergely , Swift Mark , Xu Xiao-Ping , Hanien Dorit , Volkmann Niels , Lidke Diane S. , Edwards Jeremy S. , Wilson Bridget S.
Published: September 2015

Members of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases are capable of both homointeractions and heterointeractions. Because each receptor has a unique set of binding sites for downstream signaling partners and differential catalytic activity, subtle shifts in their combinatorial interplay may have a large effect on signaling outcomes. The overexpression and mutation of ErbB family members are common in numerous human cancers and shift the balance of activation within the signaling network. Here we report the development of a spatial stochastic model that addresses the dynamics of ErbB3 homodimerization and heterodimerization with ErbB2. The model is based on experimental measures for diffusion, dimer off-rates, kinase activity, and dephosphorylation. We also report computational analysis of ErbB3 mutations, generating the prediction that activating mutations in the intracellular and extracellular domains may be subdivided into classes with distinct underlying mechanisms. We show experimental evidence for an ErbB3 gain-of-function point mutation located in the C-lobe asymmetric dimerization interface, which shows enhanced phosphorylation at low ligand dose associated with increased kinase activity.
Valuing Environmental Resources through Demand for Related Commodities
Authors: Huang Ju-Chin , Shaw Daigee , Chien Yu-Lan , Zhao Min Qiang
Published: September 2015

We examine the revealed preference theory underlying the welfare analysis of public goods (e.g., environmental quality) by observing the consumption of related commodities. Inspired by Larson (1991) and Ebert (1998), and extended from Eom and Larson (2006), an empirical strategy is formulated, consistent with the theory of uniquely deriving use and nonuse values for a change in the public good. We show that the weak complementarity assumption and the Willig condition, the common preference assumptions used to support the revealed preference methods for non‐market valuation, may be tested as parameter restrictions. A study of water quality valuation is presented to illustrate the proposed empirical strategy. Results show that the weak complementarity assumption and the Willig condition generally do not hold in the case study, and the consumer surplus derived from the indirect valuation method deviates largely from the exact welfare measures.
Confronting GRB prompt emission with a model for subphotospheric dissipation
Authors: Ahlgren Björn , Larsson Josefin , Nymark Tanja , Ryde Felix , Pe'er Asaf
Published: September 2015

The origin of the prompt emission in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is still an unsolved problem and several different mechanisms have been suggested. Here, we fit Fermi GRB data with a photospheric emission model which includes dissipation of the jet kinetic energy below the photosphere. The resulting spectra are dominated by Comptonization and contain no significant contribution from synchrotron radiation. In order to fit to the data, we span a physically motivated part of the model's parameter space and create DREAM (Dissipation with Radiative Emission as A table Model), a table model for XSPEC. We show that this model can describe different kinds of GRB spectra, including GRB 090618, representing a typical Band function spectrum, and GRB 100724B, illustrating a double peaked spectrum, previously fitted with a Band+blackbody model, suggesting they originate from a similar scenario. We suggest that the main difference between these two types of bursts is the optical depth at the dissipation site.
Sexuality and Intellectual Disability
Authors: Wenger Jodi , Downes Alison , Blum Nathan , Augustyn Marilyn
Published: September 2015

CASE: Amad is a wonderful 16-year-old young man from Syria who has recently relocated to the United States from his war-torn native country. In his last few years in Syria, he was primarily at home with his mother, and they sought refuge with a maternal aunt in the United States seeking asylum and treatment of Amad's disability.

At 8 years of age, he had intelligence testing in the United Arab Emirates, which showed a verbal intelligence score on the Wechsler intelligence scale for children (WISC) of 68 and a performance of 64. His working memory was 67 and his processing speed was 65. On arrival in the United States, his achievement was roughly at a third-grade level in Arabic. In the year and a half that he has been in the United States, he quickly improved his English skills, which he learned as a toddler. His father remains in Syria unable to safely immigrate and his mother is raising him alone in the United States with the help of her sister.

They come to you for an urgent care visit because Amad recently was accused of sexual harassment by two girls at his high school. He is in a substantially separate program but is included for lunch and technology. While in the computer laboratory, he repeatedly approached the girls and asks them to “date” him, and on 1 occasion sat behind 1 girl and repeatedly reached out to stroke her long blonde hair.

His mother is distraught because she recently found out that Amad also has a Facebook page and had been attempting to contact the same two girls on social media. The girls' parents recently threatened to file criminal harassment charges and Amad's mother comes to you asking for help with making Amad stop this activity. What would you do next?