bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Injection Site Cooling and Warming on Insulin Glargine Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
Authors: Bitton Gabriel , Rom Vital , Hadelsberg Uri , Raz Itamar , Cengiz Eda , Weinzimer Stuart , Tamborlane William V.
Published: May 2019

Background:

In type 1 diabetes (T1D), closed-loop systems provide excellent overnight fasting blood glucose control by adjusting the insulin infusion rate based on corresponding changes in sensor glucose levels. In patients on multiple daily insulin (MDI) injections, such control in overnight glucose levels has not been possible due to the inability to alter the absorption rate of long-acting insulin after injection. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that increases/decreases of fasting glucose levels could be achieved by cooling/warming the skin around the injection site, which would result in lower/higher Glargine absorption rates from its subcutaneous depot.

Methods:

Fourteen subjects with T1D (4 females; age 39.6 ± 16.7 years, HbA1c 7.8 ± 1.1%, BMI 25.4 ± 2.8 kg/m2) on MDI therapy underwent fasting pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies that started at ~8 am and lasted 240 min on 3 separate days in random order: a control day without warming or cooling of the injection site and two experimental days, one day with injection site warming and the other with cooling.

Results:

Cooling the skin around the glargine injection site reduced insulin concentrations by >40% ( P < .01 versus the warming study, P = .21 versus the control study), accompanied by a 55 mg/dL increase in serum glucose ( P < .01 versus the control study). Conversely, skin warming prevented the fall in serum insulin ( P = .2 versus the control study; P < .01 versus the cooling study), resulting in a 40 mg/dL reduction in serum glucose ( P < .001 versus the cooling study, P = .11 versus the control study).

Conclusions:

This proof of concept study has shown that cooling and warming the skin around the injection site provides a means to decrease and increase the rate of absorption and action of insulin glargine from its subcutaneous depot.
Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Two Artemisia Species: Analyses of Phenolic Profile and Anticancer Activities Against SW-480 Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Radović Jakovljević Marina , Grujičić Darko , Živanović Marko , Stanković Milan , Ćirić Andrija , Djurdjević Predrag , Todorović Željko , Živančević-Simonović Snežana , Mihaljević Olgica , Milošević-Djordjević Olivera
Published: May 2019

Because Artemisia vulgaris L. and Artemisia alba Turra are traditional medicinal plants used for the treatment of different diseases, we evaluated the cytotoxic/apoptotic activity of ethyl acetate extracts from these natural products against human colon cancer cells SW-480. The extracts contained a large amount of the total polyphenols and flavonoids. The phenolic profile showed the presence of phenolic acids (gallic, p-coumaric, vanillic, and ferulic acids) and flavonoids (rutin, myricetin, luteolin, quercetin, and apigenin). 3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay indicated that antiproliferative activities of both A. vulgaris and A. alba extracts increased with the extension of time exposure, with decreasing IC50 values. Mitomycin C (MMC) alone had antiproliferative activity, but in combination with plant extracts caused stronger effect with lower IC50 values. Flow cytometry analyses showed that A. alba extract induced higher percentage of SW-480 cells in the early stage of apoptosis (33.5 ± 1.6 vs 0.7 ± 0.1, P < 0.05), whereas the A. vulgaris extract significantly increased the percentage of cells in necrosis (82.4 ± 5.0 vs 53.9 ± 2.3, P < 0.05). In conclusion, A. alba extract can be considered a potential source of bioactive components with anticancer activity or be used as a dietary food supplement or supplement to chemotherapy due to its synergistic effect with the MMC.
Can we reduce the number of MRSA screening site swabs in elective orthopedic patients?
Authors: Ahmad Aziz , Teoh Kar H , Lau Lilian , Cheng Natalie , Evans Aled R
Published: May 2019

Background:

Deep infection after routine elective orthopedic procedures can be catastrophic, leading to further surgery, loss of limb, disability, and risk of mortality. Ring-fencing elective orthopedic ward has been shown to significantly reduce the incidence of all postoperative infections especially with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Our hospital’s current MRSA screening is a four-site MRSA swabs.

Objectives:

This study evaluates the possibility of reducing the number of MRSA swab sites as part of a quality improvement project.

Study design and methods:

Patients on the waiting list for elective orthopedic procedure in our trust who had an MRSA-positive swab from either four sites were analyzed over the time period from January 2012 to December 2014. Those without swabs from all four areas (nose, throat, axilla, and groin) were excluded. Positive swabs of different regions were recorded and compared.

Results:

There were 138 MRSA-positive patients, giving an incidence of 31 per 10,000 screen/year over that time period. Some patients ( n = 31, 22.5%) had a positive swab in more than one site. The positive sites were as follows: nose (69.60%, n = 96), groin (26.10%, n = 36), throat (25.30%, n = 35), and axilla (8.70%, n = 12). In our cohort, we would miss a significant proportion of positive patients if we change it to a two swab screening policy (26.8% for nose and axilla combination; 18.10% for nose and groin combination; and 15.20% for nose and throat). However, we would only miss 2.2% of cases for a nose, groin, and throat three-swab policy. There were also 11 instances, where a previously negative site become positive in the next swab.

Conclusion:

A three-swab combination of nasal, throat, and groin swabs improves pickup rate of MRSA significantly compared to a two-swab policy and misses only 2.2% compared to a four-swab policy. Axilla swabbing does not make a significant difference to the results. Based on this study, the policy has now been changed from a four-swab to three-swab screening in our trust. This has now been audited four times and they were all negative. This has helped to reduce cost in terms of staff time and resources. We would not recommend screening only the previous positive site for the next repeat screening swabs as there is an 8% chance of missing MRSA carrier status.
Collective sensing of evolving urban structures: From activity-based to content-aware social monitoring
Authors: Bokányi Eszter , Kallus Zsófia , Gódor István
Published: May 2019

Cities are constantly evolving complex systems. Detection methods of land use distribution have to keep pace with their rapidly changing landscapes. While traditional analysis relies on surveys and census data typically refreshed at most yearly, the widespread use of mobile devices allows cell phone activity measurements to be used as sensors for the functional clustering of urban districts. These activity-based proprietary measurements are recently complemented by publicly available geosocial network records that even enable content-aware analysis. As a bridge between separate methods, in this work we analyze the relation of conversation content and functional spatial clusters of cities using a double dataset approach. We look at the differentiating power of the content of local conversations in activity-driven land use detection based on mobile phone records. In addition to intra-city analysis of three metropolises, we present a comparative study of London, New York City, and Los Angeles sharing the common language of English, but having very different cultural backgrounds. We show that the share of words with a similar temporal pattern to that of local mobile activities is different across cities, as well as between functional clusters. We find that the conversational content can effectively differentiate both functional clusters of a single city, and similar locations of the same function across many cities, like business areas that otherwise have a common temporal heartbeat. Moreover, we identify words related to activity types as the most important features emerging from the content-based, data-driven classification.
Responding to health information technology reported safety events: Insights from patient safety event reports
Authors: Adams Katharine T , Kim Tracy C , Fong Allan , Howe Jessica L , Kellogg Kathryn M , Ratwani Raj M
Published: May 2019

Objective

We analyzed the described resolutions of patient safety event reports related to health information technology to determine how healthcare systems responded to these events, recognizing that certain types of solutions such as training and education have a limited impact.

Methods

A large database of over 1.7 million patient safety event reports was filtered to include those identified by the reporter as being related to health information technology. The resolution text was manually reviewed and coded into one or more of four categories: No Resolution, Training/Education, Policy, Information Technology-oriented solution.

Results

Most events (64%) did not include a resolution. Of those that did, Training/Education was the most commonly reported single or component of a multi-pronged solution (55%), followed by Information Technology (45%). Only 59 events (6% of resolutions) described more than one method of resolution.

Conclusion

Health information technology-related patient safety event resolutions most often described a solution that suggested additional training or education for healthcare staff, despite the recognized limitations of training and education in resolving these events. Few events suggested multiple resolution methods. Ensuring health information technology-related events are resolved and incorporate effective solutions should be a continued focus area for healthcare systems.
The Sonographic Findings of Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinomas
Authors: Semiz-Oysu Aslihan , Demir Mustafa , Kulali Fatma , Bukte Yasar , Oysu Cagatay
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this research was to compare the sonographic features of papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (micro-PTCs) to those of macro-PTCs. Patients with known PTC were retrospectively reviewed and divided into micro- or macro-PTC groups, according to the largest nodule diameter, ≤10 mm or >10 mm, respectively. Eighty-nine nodules (62 macro-PTCs and 27 micro-PTCs) were evaluated. Contour irregularity was more common in micro-PTCs than macro-PTCs ( P < .05). No significant difference was found in the presence of hypoechogenicity, heterogeneity, microcalcifications, cystic component, and absence of peripheral halo between groups ( P > .05). Internal vascularity was detected in none of the micro-PTCs while being present in 13% of macro-PTCs ( P < .05). Micro-PTCs demonstrated similar sonographic findings as larger PTCs. In micro-PTCs, the presence of irregular contours, in a micro-nodule, should increase suspicion and consideration for biopsy, when clinically indicated. Internal nodular vascularity may not be present in micro-PTCs and therefore not decrease the suspicion of malignancy in the presence of other suspicious sonographic features.
Fellowship training in microvascular surgery and post-fellowship practice patterns: A cross sectional survey of microvascular surgeons from facial plastic and reconstructive surgery programs
Authors: Bennion Douglas M. , Dziegielewski Peter T. , Boyce Brian J. , Ducic Yadro , Sawhney Raja
Published: May 2019

Background

There is a lack of published literature on the training in microvascular reconstructive techniques in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery (FPRS) fellowships or of the extent these techniques are continued in practice. This cross-sectional web-based survey study was conducted to describe the volume, variety, and intended extent of practice of free tissue transfers during fellowship and the post-fellowship pattern of microsurgical practice among FPRS surgeons in various private and academic practice settings across the United States.

Methods

This survey was sent to recent graduates ( n = 94) of a subset of U.S. Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery fellowship programs that provide significant training in microvascular surgery.

Results

Among survey respondents ( n = 21, 22% response rate), two-thirds completed 20–100 microvascular cases during fellowship using mainly radial forearm, fibula, anterior lateral thigh, latissimus and rectus free tissue transfers. In post-fellowship practice, those who continue practicing microvascular reconstruction (86%) complete an average of 33 cases annually. The choice of donor tissues for reconstruction mirrored their training. They are assisted primarily by residents (73%) and/or fellows (43%), while some worked with a micro-trained partner, surgical assistant, or performed solo procedures. Interestingly, among those who began in private practice (29%), only half remained with that practice, while those who joined academic practices (71%) largely remained at their initial post-fellowship location (87%).

Conclusions

These results provide the first formal description of the training and practice patterns of FPRS-trained microvascular surgeons. They describe a diverse fellowship training experience that often results in robust microvascular practice. The maintenance of substantial microsurgical caseloads after fellowship runs counter to the perception of high levels of burnout from free tissue transfers among microvascular surgeons.

Trial Registration

This study was approved as exempt by the University of Florida Institutional Review Board (#201601526).
Viscoelastic substitute models for seismic attenuation caused by squirt flow and fracture leak off
Authors: Jänicke Ralf , Quintal Beatriz , Larsson Fredrik , Runesson Kenneth
Published: May 2019

We have investigated viscoelastic substitute models for seismic attenuation caused by fluid pressure diffusion in fluid-saturated porous media. Fluid pressure diffusion may locally occur associated with fracture leak off and/or squirt flow. We use a homogenization scheme with numerical model reduction (NMR), recently established in the literature, and we derive the corresponding viscoelastic material properties that are apparent at a larger scale (i.e., the observer scale). Moreover, we find that the rheology of the resulting viscoelastic model is of the Maxwell-Zener type. Based on a series of numerical experiments, we find that this method is able to accurately and efficiently predict the overall attenuation and stiffness moduli dispersion for a range of scenarios without resolving the substructure problem explicitly. Computational homogenization, together with NMR, can be useful to simulate seismic wave propagation using a viscoelastic substitute model that accurately reproduces the energy dissipation and dispersion of a heterogeneous medium in which squirt flow and/or fracture leak-off occurs.
A Neural Network for Automated Quality Screening of Ground Motion Records from Small Magnitude Earthquakes
Authors: Bellagamba Xavier , Lee Robin , Bradley Brendon A.
Published: May 2019

The ambitious scopes of recent earthquake ground motion studies are generating a need for more high-quality ground motion records. As the number of deployed sensors is rapidly growing through improved accessibility and cost (e.g., ground motion stations, low-cost accelerometers, smart phones), an exponentially increasing amount of data are being generated. Previously, quality-assured ground motion data sets for engineering applications were generated using both manual and automated quality screening methodologies. More recently, new techniques have emerged that potentially offer both improved classification accuracy and computational expediency. This work presents a machine learning–oriented method to facilitate and accelerate the quality classification of ground motion records from small magnitude earthquakes. Feedforward neural networks are selected for their ability to efficiently recognize patterns and are trained on two New Zealand data sets. An application to physics-based ground motion simulation validation indicates that the proposed approach delivers results that are comparable with manual quality selection. Robust automatic ground motion quality screening allows a significant increase in data set size for development, calibration, and validation of ground motion models.
Using Low-Cost Virtual Reality Simulation to Build Surgical Capacity for Cervical Cancer Treatment
Authors: Bing Eric G. , Parham Groesbeck P. , Cuevas Anthony , Fisher Boris , Skinner Jonathan , Mwanahamuntu Mulindi , Sullivan Richard
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE

Worldwide, more than 80% of people diagnosed with cancer will require surgery during their disease course, but only 5% to 20% of low- and middle-income countries have access to safe, affordable, and timely surgery. Developing surgical oncology skills requires significant time and mentoring. Virtual reality (VR) simulators can reduce the time required to master surgical procedures but are prohibitively expensive. We sought to determine whether a VR simulator using low-cost computer gaming equipment could train novice surgeons in Africa to perform a virtual radical abdominal (open) hysterectomy (RAH).

METHODS

Our RAH VR simulator used the Oculus Rift (Oculus VR, Menlo Park, CA), a VR headset with hand controllers that costs less than $1,500. Surgical novices learned to perform five key steps of a virtual RAH. We measured and identified predictors of movement and time efficiency for the simulation.

RESULTS

Ten novice surgeons in Lusaka, Zambia, enrolled in the study. Movement and time efficiency greatly improved over time. Independent predictors of movement efficiency were number of simulations, surgical experience, and time since college graduation. Independent predictors of time efficiency were number of simulations, surgical experience, days between simulation sessions, age, sex, and an interaction between number of simulations and surgical experience.

CONCLUSION

Low-cost VR may be an effective tool to help surgical novices learn complex surgical oncology procedures. If learning to perform VR surgical procedures with low-cost hardware leads to faster mastery of surgical procedures in the operating room, low-cost VR may represent one of the solutions to increasing access to surgical cancer care globally.
Entomological determinants of malaria transmission in Kayin state, Eastern Myanmar: A 24-month longitudinal study in four villages
Authors: Chaumeau Victor , Fustec Bénédicte , Nay Hsel Saw , Montazeau Céline , Naw Nyo Saw , Metaane Selma , Sawasdichai Sunisa , Kittiphanakun Prapan , Phatharakokordbun Phabele , Kwansomboon Nittipha , Andolina Chiara , Cerqueira Dominique , Chareonviriyaphap Theeraphap , Nosten François H. , Corbel Vincent
Published: May 2019

Background: The Thailand-Myanmar borderland is an area endemic for malaria where transmission is low, seasonal and unstable. The epidemiology has been described but there is relatively few data on the entomological determinants of malaria transmission.

Methods: Entomological investigations were conducted during 24 months in four villages located in Kayin state, on the Myanmar side of the Thailand-Myanmar border. Anopheles mosquitoes were identified by morphology, and molecular assays were used in order to discriminate between closely related sibling species of malaria vectors. Plasmodium infection rate was determined using quantitative real-time PCR.

Results: The diversity of Anopheles mosquitoes was very high and multiple species were identified as malaria vectors. The intensity of human-vector contact (mean human-biting rate= 369 bites/person/month) compensates for the low infection rate in naturally infected populations of malaria vectors (mean sporozoite index= 0.04 and 0.17 % for P. falciparum and P. vivax respectively), yielding intermediary level of transmission intensity (mean entomological inoculation rate= 0.13 and 0.64 infective bites/person/month for P. falciparum and P. vivax, respectively). Only 36% of the infected mosquitoes were collected indoors between 09:00 pm and 05:00 am, suggesting that mosquito bed-nets would fail to prevent most of the infective bites in the study area.

Conclusion: This study provided a unique opportunity to describe the entomology of malaria in low transmission settings of Southeast Asia. Our data are important in the context of malaria elimination in the Greater Mekong Subregion.
Single-cell transcriptome analysis of CD8+ T-cell memory inflation
Authors: Highton Andrew J. , Zinser Madeleine E. , Lee Lian Ni , Hutchings Claire L. , De Lara Catherine , Phetsouphanh Chansavath , Willberg Chris B. , Gordon Claire L. , Klenerman Paul , Marchi Emanuele
Published: May 2019

Background: Persistent viruses such as murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) and adenovirus-based vaccines induce strong, sustained CD8+ T-cell responses, described as memory “inflation”. These retain functionality, home to peripheral organs and are associated with a distinct transcriptional program.

Methods: To further define the nature of the transcriptional mechanisms underpinning memory inflation at different sites we used single-cell RNA sequencing of tetramer-sorted cells from MCMV-infected mice, analyzing transcriptional networks in virus-specific populations in the spleen and gut intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IEL).

Results: We provide a transcriptional map of T-cell memory and define a module of gene expression, which distinguishes memory inflation in spleen from resident memory T-cells (TRM) in the gut.

Conclusions: These data indicate that CD8+ T-cell memory in the gut epithelium induced by persistent viruses and vaccines has a distinct quality from both conventional memory and “inflationary” memory which may be relevant to protection against mucosal infections.
Downscaling Of Precipitation Using Statistical Downscaling Model and Multiple Linear Regression Over Rajasthan State
Authors: Mahla Poonam , Lohani A.K. , Chandola V. K. , Thakur Aradhana , Mishra C.D. , Singh Aparajita
Published: May 2019

Statistical downscaling method is mainly practised to relate atmospheric circulation to surface variables for forecast and prediction of the regional climate. As we know in Rajasthan drought is the foremost problem due to scanty of rainfall. The core objective of the present study stands to prognosis rainfall variation also assess the recital of Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) to access the variation in rainfall. The data were analyzed using higher resolution atmospheric data which includes daily National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/ National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis data and daily mean climate model result intended for A2 and B2 scenarios of the Hadley Centre Climate Model (HadCM3) model. The period from 1961-1990 used as a baseline due to the availability of adequate period which is required to establish a reliable climatology. Results of the study show an increasing trend of future precipitation tended for both A2 and B2 scenarios. From the study, it has been found that MLR model is more superior to downscale precipitation in most districts under study area.
MPPT for Photovoltaic System Located in Latakia Province - Syria by Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Kenjrawy Hassan , Makdisie Carlo , Housamo Issam , Haes Alhelou Hassan
Published: May 2019

The use of renewable resources for energizing the modern power systems has recently increased due to its sustainability and low operating costs. Photovoltaic (PV) system appears to be a good solution due to the fact that it can be established and operated locally. However, the maximum output power of these systems is usually achieved by using the maximum sun and power point (MPP) tracking techniques. This paper suggests a novel genetic algorithm (GA)-based technique to obtain the maximum output power of practical PV system located in the Latakia province of Syria. Based on this technique, azimuth and elevation angles of solar panels located in Latakia are first determined to track maximum radiation of the sun for every day of the whole year. After that, a GA-based technique is developed to track the maximum power point corresponding to maximum radiation during the year. Simulation results in MATLAB environment demonstrate the validation and effectiveness of the proposed GA-based technique to obtain the maximum generated power of the PV system. The results of this research can be easily adopted as a database reference to design the PV control system.
Crisis: an educational game to reduce mortality and morbidity
Authors: Laisser Rose Mjawa , Chimwaza Angela F , Omoni Grace Moraa , McGowan Linda , Maclean Gaynor , Wakasiaka Sabina , Lavender Tina
Published: May 2019

Background:

Maternal mortality and morbidity rates remain high in sub-Saharan Africa, yet with appropriate management, these rates could be reduced significantly. Midwifery training to improve the management of women during intrapartum period is often lacking, calling for innovative training methods in midwifery clinical care.

Aims:

To develop and evaluate a game, aimed at the prevention and management of the main causes of maternal morbidity and mortality.

Methods:

In collaboration with the Lugina Africa Midwives Research Network (LAMRN), the authors developed an educational board game and field tested the final version in Kenya, Tanzania and Malawi with midwives (n=56) and student midwives (n=32).

Findings:

Qualitative and quantitative evaluation demonstrated that the game was well liked for its ease of use, acceptable appearance and relevance to practice.

Conclusions:

The board game, named ‘Crisis’, has potential to influence practice; however, further research is required to assess its ability to improve outcomes.
Intimate partner violence among pregnant women in Uganda
Authors: Epuitai Joshua , Udho Samson , Auma Anna Grace , Nabirye Rose Chalo
Published: May 2019

Background:

Intimate partner violence may be more prevalent during pregnancy as women are more vulnerable.

Aims:

To determine the prevalence of intimate partner violence and associated factors among pregnant women at Soroti Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 180 pregnant women. Data were collected using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Intimate partner violence was measured using the revised Conflict Tactile Scale 2.

Findings:

The overall prevalence of intimate partner violence during pregnancy was 27.8%. Household average monthly income, experiences of intimate partner violence before pregnancy and marital conflicts were independently associated with intimate partner violence during pregnancy.

Conclusions:

Screening should be done during antenatal care among women with low household income, marital conflicts, and history of intimate partner violence before pregnancy to identify and manage cases of intimate partner violence. More research is needed to identify interventions for reduction of intimate partner violence during pregnancy.
Sample size: methods of calculation and reporting
Authors: Campbell Malcolm
Published: May 2019

Calculating an appropriate sample size for a study can be crucial to how valid the conclusions are deemed to be by readers. Malcolm Campbell details how to calculate a sample size, while factoring in attrition and incomplete data
Global citizens
Authors: Porteous Debbie , Morgan Debra , Solomon Jennifer , Platt Alan , Allan Jaden , Shao Chun Hua (Joy) , Conner Tony
Published: May 2019

Nurses and nursing students from the UK and overseas are learning in each other's countries
Environmental pollen and allergic respiratory disease
Authors: Chapman Stella
Published: May 2019

Stella Chapman BVSc(Hons) MRCVS examines the facts and looks at the possible solutions
Nutritional considerations in the performance horse
Authors: Witherow Briony
Published: May 2019

Briony Witherow MSc RNutr. of Practical Equine Nutrition, examines the challenges facing the modern equine competitor
Cinsellikle İlgili Konularda İletişim ile Evlilik Öncesi Cinselliğe Yönelik Tutum: Üniversite Sınıf Düzeyinin ve Cinsiyetin Rolü
Authors: EBEOĞLU Melisa , KARACAN Eda
Published: May 2019

Cinsel tutum ve davranışlar erken yaşlarda
temel olarak aileden etkilenirken, sonrasında akran etkileri daha önemli hale
gelmektedir. Üniversite döneminde, ailenin denetiminin azalması ve üniversite
ortamının kendi içindeki kültürü cinselliğe yönelik tutum ve davranışları
etkileyen önemli faktörler olmaktadır. Mevcut çalışmada, cinsiyete ve
üniversitenin başlarında veya sonlarında olmaya bağlı olarak üniversite
öğrencilerinin anne, baba ve akranla cinsel konularda iletişimleri, anne, baba
ve akrandan algıladıkları cinsel onayları ve evlilik öncesi cinsellik ile
namusa yönelik tutumlarındaki farklılıkların belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda,
Ankara’da çeşitli üniversitelerde öğrenim gören 18-27 yaş aralığındaki 377 katılımcıya
(263 kadın; 114 erkek) Cinsel Konularda
İletişim ve Onay Ölçeği, Evlilik
Öncesi Cinselliğe Bakış Ölçeği, Cinsel
Tutum Ölçeği, Namusa İlişkin Tutumlar
Ölçeği ve Kişisel Bilgi Formu
uygulanmıştır. Analizler sonucunda, özellikle kadınlar arasında üniversitenin
son yıllarında cinselliğe yönelik tutumlarda izin vericiliğin arttığı
bulunmuştur. Ayrıca evlilik öncesi cinselliğe yönelik tutumu hem kadınlarda hem
de erkeklerde cinsel izin vericilik, namusa ilişkin tutum ve arkadaşın cinsel
onayının anlamlı olarak yordadığı, ancak erkeklerde kadınlardan farklı olarak
annenin cinsel onayının da evlilik öncesi cinselliğe yönelik tutumu anlamlı
olarak yordadığı elde edilmiştir. Bu bulgular doğrultusunda kadın ve erkekler
için cinselliğe yönelik atfedilen kültürel değer ve tutumların halen devam
ettiği görülmüştür. Çalışmanın bulguları, toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri ve
sosyo-kültürel yaklaşımlar temelinde tartışılmıştır.
Clinical significance of the BRAFV600E mutation in PTC and its effect on radioiodine therapy
Authors: Zhu Guoquan , Deng Yuying , Pan Liqin , Ouyang Wei , Feng Huijuan , Wu Juqing , Chen Pan , Wang Jing , Chen Yanying , Luo Jiaxin
Published: May 2019

The goal of this study was to explore the relationship of the BRAFV600E
mutation with clinicopathologic factors and evaluate the effect of radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy in a large group of intermediate- and high-risk papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients with the BRAFV600E
mutation and without distant metastases. We collected data for PTC patients who underwent total or near-total thyroidectomy and RAI treatment in our hospital from January 2014–December 2017. There were 1220 PTC patients who met the criteria, and the BRAFV600E
mutation was observed in 979 of them (80.2%). Multivariate analysis identified that the BRAFV600E
mutation remained independently associated with age at diagnosis, and bilaterality (OR = 1.023, 95% CI = 1.012–1.039, P < 0.001; OR = 1.685, 95% CI = 1.213–2.341, P = 0.002, respectively). In addition, the patients with bilateral PTCs had a higher prevalence of extrathyroid invasion, capsular invasion and fusion of metastatic lymph nodes than the unilateral PTC patients. The response to RAI therapy was evaluated in both the entire series and the patients with a high recurrence risk; no significant difference was discerned between the BRAFV600E
mutation and the wild-type groups (P = 0.237 and P = 0.498, respectively). To summarize, our results confirmed that PTC patients with the BRAFV600E
mutation exhibit more aggressive characteristics. In addition, the patients with bilateral PTC have a higher incidence of extrathyroid invasion. Moreover, BRAFV600E
mutation PTC patients did not show a poorer clinical response after postsurgical RAI therapy, suggesting that RAI therapy may improve the general clinical outcome of these patients.
Condiciones hidrológicas y su relación con la pobreza en Colombia: un análisis desde el ámbito departamental
Authors: Díaz Mateus Rubén Darío , Castro Escobar Edisson Stiven
Published: May 2019

The relationship between hydrological conditions and Colombia's poverty were analyzed through a statistical approach with territorial data and a cross-sectional regression model, which considerate the correlation indicator between Monetary Poverty and hydrological indicators of the regions. This model shows a positive association between the Water Quality Risk Index (IRCA) and the monetary poverty, which indicates that the departments with high water quality have a lower poverty level. The results indicate the need to integrate the social policies with the conditions of water offer and demand in the territories.
Control of Development, Secondary Metabolism and Light-Dependent Carotenoid Biosynthesis by the Velvet Complex of Neurospora crassa
Authors: Bayram Özlem Sarikaya , Dettmann Anne , Karahoda Betim , Moloney Nicola M , Ormsby Tereza , McGowan Jamie , Cea-Sánchez Sara , Miralles-Durán Alejandro , Brancini Guilherme T P , Luque Eva M , Fitzpatrick David A , Cánovas David , Corrochano Luis M , Doyle Sean , Selker Eric U , Seiler Stephan , Bayram Özgür
Published: May 2019

Neurospora crassa is an established reference organism to investigate carotene biosynthesis and light regulation. However, there is little evidence of its capacity to produce secondary metabolites. Here, we report the role of the fungal-specific regulatory velvet complexes in development and secondary metabolism (SM) in N. crassa. Three velvet proteins VE-1, VE-2, VOS-1, and a putative methyltransferase LAE-1 show light-independent nucleocytoplasmic localization. Two distinct velvet complexes, a heterotrimeric VE-1/VE-2/LAE-1 and a heterodimeric VE-2/VOS-1 are found in vivo. The heterotrimer-complex, which positively regulates sexual development and represses asexual sporulation, suppresses siderophore coprogen production under iron starvation conditions. The VE-1/VE-2 heterodimer controls carotene production. VE-1 regulates the expression of >15% of the whole genome, comprising mainly regulatory and developmental features. We also studied intergenera functions of the velvet complex through complementation of Aspergillus nidulans veA, velB, laeA, vosA mutants with their N. crassa orthologs ve-1, ve-2, lae-1, and vos-1, respectively. Expression of VE-1 and VE-2 in A. nidulans successfully substitutes the developmental and SM functions of VeA and VelB by forming two functional chimeric velvet complexes in vivo, VelB/VE-1/LaeA and VE-2/VeA/LaeA, respectively. Reciprocally, expression of veA restores the phenotypes of the N. crassa ve-1 mutant. All N. crassa velvet proteins heterologously expressed in A. nidulans are localized to the nuclear fraction independent of light. These data highlight the conservation of the complex formation in N. crassa and A. nidulans. However, they also underline the intergenera similarities and differences of velvet roles according to different life styles, niches and ontogenetic processes.
Exercise Capacity in Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Mentzer Gina G , Auseon Alex J
Published: May 2019

Heart failure (HF) affects more than 5 million people and has an increasing incidence and cost burden. Patients note symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue that result in a decreased quality of life, which has not drastically improved over the past decades despite advances in therapies. The assessment of exercise capacity can provide information regarding patient diagnosis and prognosis, while doubling as a potential future therapy. clinically, there is acceptance that exercise is safe in hf and can have a positive impact on morbidity and quality of life, although evidence for improvement in mortality is still lacking. specific prescriptions for exercise training have not been developed because many variables and confounding factors have prevented research trials from demonstrating an ideal regimen. Physicians are becoming more aware of the indices and goals for hf patients in exercise testing and therapy to provide comprehensive cardiac care. it is further postulated that a combination of exercise training and pharmacologic therapy may eventually provide the most benefits to those suffering from hf.
The Role of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Sherwood Melody , Brown Todd M
Published: May 2019

The benefit of cardiac rehabilitation (cr) in patients with heart failure is controversial. current American college of cardiology (Acc) and American heart Association (AhA) guidelines for the management of patients with heart failure list exercise training as a class i indication. however, data from clinical trials are mixed, and the current American Association of cardiovascular and Pulmonary rehabilitation (AAcVPr), Acc, and AhA performance measures for the referral to, and delivery of, cr services do not list heart failure as a qualifying cardiovascular disease event for which referral to outpatient cr should occur prior to hospital discharge. in this article, we review the data supporting the benefits of exercise training and formal cr programs in patients with heart failure.
The Million Hearts Initiative—Targeting Key Drivers of Cardiovascular Mortality from a Medical Specialty Society Perspective
Authors: Glusenkamp Nathan T , Oetgen William J , Mullen Brendan
Published: May 2019

The past decade has seen impressive advances in cardiovascular (CV) care and reductions in patient mortality from CV disease. however, despite impressive gains, there is still considerable room for further improvements in CV care. in September 2011, the US Secretary of Health and Human Services Kathleen Sebelius announced the creation of the ‘Million Hearts’ initiative. The overall goal of the Million Hearts Initiative is to prevent a million cardiovascular events across the next five years. The American College of Cardiology (ACC) has long supported the goals articulated in Million Hearts. We believe that these goals are achievable. However, success will not be automatic. It will require focus, resources, and, most challengingly, some level of behavioral change on the part of physicians, patients, organizations, and government entities. To help meet the goals of Million Hearts, the ACC will, in partnership with the initiative, deploy three distinct assets. We will increase awareness among our 39,000 members by regularly communicating with them via our various communication channels; we will drive clinical quality improvement using our clinical registries—for example, the PINNACLE Registry®; and we will engage patients with relevant, patient-centered offerings and information through our CardioSmartTM program.
RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN RURAL NIGERIA: A CROSS SECTIONAL SURVEY AND A REVIEW OF THE CURRENT LITERATURE
Authors: Andrew E. Ekpenyong,Emmanuel E. Ekanem Anthonia A. Ikpeme*,Nchiewe E. Ani, Edoise M. Isiwele,
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Over 80% of cardiovascular deaths take place in low and middle incomecountries. These cardiovascular deaths are caused by modifiable risk factors. Evidenceis emerging that some of these factors maybe even more prevalent in rural areas whichare generally underserved.Aim: The aim of this study was to record risk factors for cardiovascular disease inrural communities in south southern Nigeria and review some related literature.Methods: A cross sectional study during clinical outreach activities that took placein 2016 to 2018 in several rural and few urban communities in Cross River State,Nigeria. Participating individuals gave full consent and ethical clearance obtained.Socio-demographic data, Anthropometric data and Blood sugar measurements wereobtained. Data extracted was transferred into EXCEL thereafter analysis was doneusing SPSS version 21. p values less than 0.05 were deemed statistically significant.Tests of significance included Anova, chi square and student t- tests.Results: Total population investigated over the 3 year period was 504. (2016-33.1%),(2017 -37.9%), (2018 – 28%) with a Female: Male distribution of 1:1.Most participants tended to be overweight across the years 59.7%, 59.1%, 73.7%,2016, 2017, and 2018 respectively. The prevalence of Hypertension was 10.71%. Nosignificant gender difference in the prevalence of Hypertension (6.94% males to 3.77%females, p=0.097). The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus was 10.67%. There was nosignificant gender prevalence (6.67% males to 4.00% females, p =0.431)Conclusion: Cardiovascular disease remains relatively uncommon in Sub-SaharanAfrica, despite an increasing prevalence of risk factors, but it’s incidence is rising.Steps should be taken in Sub-Saharan Africa to prevent an epidemic. This involvesdetailed and regular screening for cardiovascular risk factors in rural communities.Key words: RISK FACTORS, Cardio vascular disease, South South Nigeria.
Totally Biodegradable Implants for Bone Fixation and Ligament Repair
Authors: Rokkanen P. , Böstman O. , Hirvensalo E. , Mäkelä E.A. , Partio E.K. , Pätiälä K. , Vihtonen S. , Vainionpää S. , Törmälä P.
Published: May 2019

Synthetic biomaterials can be divided into metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites. Polymeric biomaterials and composites can be classified as biostable, partially biodegradable, or totally biodegradable. Biostable polymers are inert, cause minimal tissue response, and retain their properties for years. Because only a temporary supporting biomaterial is required in many clinical applications, totally or partially biodegradable polymeric materials are often better than biologically biostable materials.

Biodegradation implies the degradation of a material induced by the activities of an organism, but it is also influenced by pure physicochemical reactions. Degradable polymeric or composite materials retain their support from days to months, depending on their properties. They are biologically degraded, gradually, into tissue-compatible components that are absorbed, used in the organism, and finally secreted by the normal ways.

Biodegradable materials are the best choice for internal fixation of fractures because the biodegradable implant provides and maintains the required fixation during the healing process. It decomposes gradually and transfers the stresses increasingly to the healing bone, thus avoiding stress-shielding. Micromovement at the fracture and correction of the bone-mass decrease are possible, too. After healing, when absorbed, the device can be utilized in energy and protein metabolism. Implanted biodegradable devices do not require a removal operation, which is a financial and psychological benefit to the patient.
Charles Burnett and Dorian Gieseler Greenbaum (eds.), From M?sh??all?h to Kepler: Theory and Practice in Medieval and Renaissance Astrology
Authors: Carey Hilary M.
Published: May 2019

Charles Burnett and Dorian Gieseler Greenbaum (eds.), From M?sh??all?h to Kepler:Theory and Practice in Medieval and Renaissance Astrology (Ceredigion, Wales: SophiaCentre Press, 2015), 529 pp., £35.00 (pbk), ISBN: 978-907767-06-7.
Dorian Gieseler Greenbaum, The Daimon in Hellenistic Astrology: Origins and Influence
Authors: Beck Roger
Published: May 2019

Dorian Gieseler Greenbaum, The Daimon in Hellenistic Astrology: Origins and Influence(Leiden: Brill, 2015), xiii + 573 pp., €186.00 (hbk), ISBN: 978-9004306-20-2.
Special Issue Introduction
Authors: Gunzburg Darrelyn , Brady Bernadette , Curry Patrick
Published: May 2019

-
ELECTROCHEMICAL PREPARATION OF NANO SILVER BY HIGH DC VOLTAGE COMBINED WITH ANODIC PLASMA
Authors: Hung Nguyen Duc , Nam Vu Nang , Trung Le Van
Published: May 2019

Silver nanoparticles (AgPNs) were prepared by high-voltage electrochemical methods using silver anode to produce silver ions and hydrogen gas at the cathode from electrolysis of distilled water as solvents. The electrolyte solution resulting from the AgPNs product obtained does not contain ions of the electrolyte solution such as conventional chemical or electrochemical methods. Silver anode dissolution process will provide Ag+ and disperse it into distilled water. The process of generating H2 from the electrolysis of H2O disperses into distilled water and escapes upward towards the anode due to the arrangement of the electrolytic vaporizer vertically above the anode and the cathode below. Ag+ and H2's encounter in the aqueous solution will take the oxidation-reduction reaction to form AgPNs. Due to the high-voltage DC electrolytic processes that generate gas on the electrodes, both high-voltage and high magnetic fields, as well as high water-distillation resistance, will increase the solution temperature as favorable conditions to form an electrochemical plasma on the electrodes. The plasma electrode process that separates water into H2 and O2 can occur simultaneously by electrochemical reactions that contribute to the supply of large amounts of gas to participate in oxidative reactions - reducing the formation of AgPNs. The properties of the AgPNs solution prepared by high-voltage DC lines were determined by UV-Vis, electrical conductivity, TEM, zeta potential, particle size distribution as well as content determined by weight lost method, Faraday's law and AAS analysis. Anodic plasma can be generated by stable high voltage mode to decompose water that supports electrochemical reactions that form AgPNs with structural, physicochemical and structural properties as well as comparable constituents be with the current methods.
INVESTIGATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA L. VAR. ABBREVIATA SER.
Authors: Nguyen Tram Thi Thu , Vo Dien Minh , Luong Thanh Huynh Vu , Phan Hien Thi Thanh , Nguyen Dam Phuc
Published: May 2019

The antimicrobial potential of the four extracts of Momordica charantia L. var. abbreviata Ser was screened against four bacterial and four fungal strains, using microbroth dilution assay. The chloroform extract showed the highest growth inhibitory activity. Phytochemical study on the bioactive chloroform extract led to the isolation of four known compounds as octadecan-1-ol (1), (23E)-5β,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23,25-trien-3β-ol (2), 5α-poriferasta-7,25-dien-3β-ol (3) and 3-O-(6′-O-palmitoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-clerosterol (4). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D-NMR, MS and in comparison with literature data. Here, such metabolites were reported for the first time in M. charantia L. var. abbreviata Ser.
APPLICATION OF AN AUTOMATED IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION SYSTEM WITH A GC/MS DATABASE (AIQS-DB) FOR SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF PHTHALATE ESTERS AND STEROLS IN AIR PARTICLES
Authors: Dung Truong Anh , Trinh Ha Thu , Dung Nguyen Tran , Duong Hanh Thi
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study is to apply an automated identification and quantification system with a GC-MS database (AIQS-DB) for simultaneous analysis of phthalate esters (PAEs) and sterols in air particles. Air particles samples were collected on the roof of building located by the side of a busy street with heavy traffic load (Pham Van Dong street) (AP1) and in a highly populated residential area (Phu Do town) (AP2). At each sampling location, day and night samples were collected separately (around 10 h for each sample) continuously 6 d using a Kimoto high-volume air sampler. Air particle samples were then extracted by dichloromethane and determined and quantified by GC/MS instrument with the AIQS-DB. Analytical results of 12 PAEs and 13 sterols in air particles samples showed that five out of 12 PAEs and seven out of 13 sterols were detected. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-iso-butyl phthalate (DiBP) concentrations were highest, contributed 94% of the total detected phthalates concentration. Cholesterol and beta-sitosterol were detected in all the samples and accounted more than 70% of the total detected sterols concentration at Phu Do town. This is the first study on the application of AIQS-GC for simultaneous determination of PAE and sterols in the air particle, especially results obtained from this study provides new important information about the level and occurrence of sterol in air in Vietnam.