bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Extracellular Matrix Allograft Administration on Knee Inflammation Following an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Mice
Authors: Bice Caroline , Estes Peyton , Loflin Ben , Hanna Roufael , Schlecht Stephen
Published: January 2024

Background and Hypothesis:A human placental-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) allograft has previously been developed and is indicated by the manufacturer for reducing tissue inflammation and accelerated repair. To evaluate the efficacy of this product for reducing post-anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury inflammation, we used a novel murine in vivo ACL injury model. This model has previously been shown to induce significant synovitis, infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) fibrosis, and articular cartilage (AC) degradation within 2 weeks following an ACL injury. We hypothesized that intra-articular injections of the allograft would correspond with a decrease in synovitis, fibrosis, and articular cartilage degradation.
Experimental Design or Project Methods:Ten-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly placed into 4 groups (n=10/group). For all mice, the right ACL was ruptured. One group served as sham controls, with a single intra-articular saline injection 24-hours following injury. The remaining three groups received 1, 2, and 6 allograft injections respectively beginning 24-hours after injury. Mice were euthanized 14 days after injury. Following euthanasia, the degree of IFP fibrosis, knee synovitis, and AC degradation were histopathologically evaluated.
Results:Thus far, 5 mice per group have been analyzed. Within this subset of mice, those that received 6 injections demonstrated a significantly higher synovitis score (p < 0.01) than the sham group. The 1-injection (p < 0.01), 2-injection (p = 0.16), and 6-injection (p = 0.03) groups each displayed greater IFP fibrosis, relative to sham. No significant differences were found in AC degeneration across groups.
Conclusion and Potential Impact:If the current results hold, following the analyses of the remaining mice, then this particular orthobiologic may not be suitable for reducing the post-ACL injury inflammatory response in mice. However, there are several limitations to this pilot study that will first need to be accounted for to confirm the lack of efficacy found.
12 Month vs 6 Month Follow-up Colonoscopy After Piecemeal Endoscopic Resection of Large Nonpedunculated Colorectal Lesions
Authors: Bobay Michael , Lahr Rachel , Shultz Jeremiah , Rex Douglas
Published: January 2024

Background and aims:Current colonoscopy guidelines recommend nonpedunculated lesions ≥20mm in size and removed piecemeal should have follow-up colonoscopy in 6 months to ensure complete resection. Some data suggest that a 12-month follow-up may be safe and effective for selected lesions. Standard follow-up is 6, 18, 54 and 114 months after piecemeal resection. If the first follow-up visit is 12 months, the sequence is 12, 48, and 108 months. We investigated whether planned 12-month follow-up colonoscopy is as safe and effective for selected lesions when compared to 6-month follow-up.
Methods:We utilized a prospectively collected database of 1599 consecutive, large, and nonpedunculated colorectal lesions referred to an expert colonoscopist at a tertiary center. Lesions were removed by endoscopic mucosal resection and assigned a follow-up interval based on their size, histology, and the need to resect additional synchronous lesions identified during the index colonoscopy at our center. Pedunculated polyps (n=158), no follow-up at our center (n=553), follow-up outside of 2 to 36 month reference range (n=10), no polyp or benign growth (n=81), patients referred to surgery for cancer (n=64), and inability to endoscopically resect the lesion (n=24), were excluded from this analysis. Polyp size, location, removal method, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) utilization, and lesion pathology were compared to reduce confounding factors.
Results:Lesions assigned to a 12-month surveillance interval (n=151) had a smaller mean size (19.48mm +- 7.59 vs. 34.32mm +- 17.84), were more likely to have serrated histology (n=69 (45.70%) vs. n=62 (11.85%), and more likely to be resected en bloc (n=31 (20.53%) vs. n=31 (5.93%) compared to lesions assigned to a 6-month surveillance interval. Of the 151 lesions assigned to a 12-month surveillance interval, 11 (7.3%) had recurrence and none had cancer at follow-up. Among 523 lesions assigned to a 6-month surveillance interval, 53 (10.1%) had recurrence and 1 had cancer at follow-up. Among 65 lesions ≥ 20 mm resected piecemeal and assigned to a 12-month surveillance interval, 8 (12.31%) had recurrence and none had cancer at follow-up.
Conclusion and Potential Impact:These results support a 12-month surveillance interval after piecemeal resection of selected large, nonpedunculated, colorectal lesions. Initial 12-month surveillance results in fewer colonoscopies, lower cost, and less inconvenience to patients.
Analysis of Perioperative Events in Bilateral vs Unilateral Staged Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Authors: Edwards Kyle , Shelton Thomas , Rivera Marcelino
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Kidney stones are a common medical condition that impact approximately 10% of US population. Management of stone disease is based on size and location of stones. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is typically indicated in patients with large renal stone burden (typically >2 cm) or complex anatomy. In the setting of complex stones, multiple, staged PCNLs are required. We hypothesize that there is no significant difference in the perioperative change in lab values in bilateral PCNLs compared to unilateral PCNLs.
Methods: The data was gathered by retrospectively reviewing the electronic medical record of 50 patients in the IU health system who underwent planned staged PCNLs between January and December 2018. We identified patients who underwent both bilateral and unilateral staged procedures. Data for BMI, sex, ethnicity, hemoglobin, estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (typically formula CKD-EPI or MDRD), urine and stone cultures, stone composition, and bilaterality vs. unilaterality was collected. Two-tailed T-tests were performed to analyze data between bilateral and unilateral cases.
Results: We identified a total of 50 patients, 19 men vs. 31 women; 9 men and 10 women underwent bilateral PCNLs, while 11 men and 20 women had unilateral PCNLs. BMI ranged from 14.2 to 62.3, and age ranged from 15 to 81. Significant differences were found between the changes in hemoglobin levels in patients who underwent bilateral PCNLs when compared to unilateral PCNLs (p value 0.018). No significant differences were noted when comparing changes of estimated GFR, BMI, age or any other variables.
Conclusion: Patients who underwent bilateral staged PCNLs demonstrated a greater drop in perioperative hemoglobin compared to unilateral PCNLs without an increase in blood transfusion. This finding suggests that Bilateral PCNLs requiring multiple stages are safe in complex stone patients.
Ankyloglossia and its Importance in Sustained Breastfeeding
Authors: Fathauer Chelsea , Tingley Danielle , Burgin Sarah
Published: January 2024

Ankyloglossia, commonly known as tongue-tie, is reported to affect 7% of infants and can impact ability to breastfeed. A comprehensive review of literature was taken which included an assessment of which diagnostic tools are most accurate in determining ankyloglossia associated with difficult breastfeeding. It was noted that there was not a standardized approachto identifying and treating ankyloglossia in breastfed infants. Based on this review, a multidisciplinary team was established to develop a team for a holistic assessment of breastfeeding efficacy. A protocol was developed for assessment of frenotomy impact on breastfeeding. It included LATCH, Coryllos Scale, and IBFAT as the most useful evaluation tools and developed a prospective assessment in infants with ankyloglossia. This study is in the early data collection phase. The goal of this study is to fill an important gap in the knowledge of the impact of ankyloglossia in sustained breastfeeding.
Social Determinants of Health and 30-Day Readmissions in an Urban Community Hospital in Northwest Indiana
Authors: Gonsiorowski Eric , Yallourakis Michael , Guerrero Jonathan , Muvuka Baraka
Published: January 2024

Background: Hospital readmission within 30 days of discharge is a quality of care indicator with implications for healthcare systems, payers, and patients. The Hospital Readmission Reduction Program enacted in 2012 aimed to reduce preventable readmissions. Yet in 2018, there were 3.8 million adult 30-day readmissions with an average rate of 14% and estimated cost of $15,200 per readmission. This study examined the influence of social determinants of health (SDOH), demographics, and health behaviors on 30-day readmissions at an urban hospital in Northwest Indiana. This is part of a Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) partnership between Indiana University School of Medicine-Northwest and St. Mary Medical Center (SMMC) to address SDOH.
Methods: This retrospective study analyzed a limited dataset generated by SMMC in EPIC™ with SDOH, demographics, health behaviors, and health outcomes measures from inpatient admissions between January 2021 to March 2023. Data analysis consisted of descriptive, bivariate (Chi-Square; p<0.05), and multivariate (binary logistic regression; p<0.05) analyses in SPSS 29.0. This study was exempted by the Indiana University Human Research Protection Program (IRB #14040).
Results: The sample consisted of 7445 patients, majority 65 years and above (56.5%), white (77.47%), and publicly insured (76.83%). 30-day readmissions represented 10.5% of admissions. The bivariate analysis revealed statistically significant associations between 30-dayreadmissions and age (p<0.001), language (p=0.008), insurance type (p<0.001), veteran status (p=0.017), and smoking (p<0.001). The multivariate analysis found that age (OR=1.008; p=0.004), being a non-English speaker (OR=1.866; p=0.009), public insurance (OR=2.096; p<0.001), and former smoking (OR=1.243; p=0.011) remained significantly associated with 30-day readmission.
Conclusions: Social and behavioral factors were associated with 30-day readmissions in an urban community hospital. Incorporating SDOH and behavioral interventions into hospital readmission reduction programs may reinforce these programs. The upcoming CBPR phase will conduct advanced analysis on these findings to uncover new relationships relevant to SMMC’s objectives.
Viability of Transplanted De Novo Retinal Ganglion Cells in Human Donor Eyes Maintained Under Elevated Intraocular Pressure
Authors: Gupta Salil J. , Hameed Shahna Shahul , Sharma Tasneem
Published: January 2024

Purpose: Glaucoma is a group of optic neuropathies characterized by visual field loss, classically due to increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration. Current treatment options reduce IOP, but RGC degeneration persists. De novoRGCs can be differentiated from reprogrammed human corneal fibroblasts and transplanted into the retina to potentially restore vision in patients with late-stage disease when most RGCs are irreversibly damaged. We investigate the survival of these human induced pluripotent stem cell (IPSC) derived RGCs after culturing them in human donor eyes under conditions of elevated and normal IOP using the ocular translaminar autonomous system (TAS) chamber.
Methods: Human iPSCs were generated by reprogramming human donor corneal fibroblasts using Sendai viral vectors with Yamanaka factors. These iPSCs were then differentiated into retinal organoids from which RGCs were obtained. The RGCs were transduced with AAV2-GFP and transplanted into donor human eyes obtained from control individuals. They were pressurized for approximately 5 days, with the left eye maintained at normal IOP and right eye at elevated IOP. Viability was measured by expression levels of pro-survival pathways via qRTPCR, immunohistochemistry staining, and electroretinography for retinal function (ERG).
Results: We successfully transplanted human RGCs into human donor eyes and visualized them after GFP transduction. We maintained a pressure differential between the two eyes for approximately 5 days using the TAS model. Differential expression of survival, inflammatory and apoptotic genes was identified between normal and high IOP. We identified retinal function changes under normal and high IOP after RGC transplantation.
Conclusions: Human iPSC derived RGCs provide a potential strategy to overcome vision loss in patients with diseases that damage RGCs such as glaucoma, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis, and traumatic optic neuropathy. Future investigation would involve integration of transplanted RGCs and directing their axons towards visual centers in the brain.
The Role of SHROOM3 in Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Hammons Grant , Aldrich Ally , Douglas Rebecca , Guilfoy Catherine , Jain Nina J. , McMullan Ashleigh , Murray Princess , Rathke Caelen , Wakulchik Mark , Voskoboynik Ellen , Zwierzynski James B. , Durbin Matthew
Published: January 2024

Background and Hypothesis: Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the most common, and most frequently fatal birth defects, but most etiology remains unknown. We identified a patient with CHD and implicated a gene called SHROOM3. SHROOM3 binds Dishevelled2 which is the central cytoplasmic component of both canonical and noncanonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathways. PCP drives cell movement and is important to embryogenesis and disruption causes CHD. We hypothesize CHD can result from SHROOM3-loss-of-function due to PCP disruption.
Project Methods: To interrogate SHROOM3’s role in CHD and PCP we utilized an established in vivo SHROOM3-loss-of-function model, Shroom3 gene trap mice (Shroom3gt). We also utilized a loss-of-function model for PCP membrane component VANGL2, (Vangl2+/-). We assayed genetic interaction between Shroom3 and Vangl2 during cardiac development by crossing singly heterozygous null mice to produce compound heterozygous embryos, harvested embryos, and performed histologic analysis for cardiac defects. We also utilized a human in vitro SHROOM3-loss-of-function model, a CRISPR-Cas9 edited SHROOM3 knockout HELA cell line. We assayed cell movement using a scratch assay.
Results: Compound heterozygous Shroom3+/gt;Vangl2+/- embryos had a three fold increase in heart defects compared to singly heterozygous Shroom3+/gt;Vangl2+/+ or Shroom3+/+;Vangl2+/- embryos (3 of 19 or 15.7%, versus 1 of 17 or 5.2%, and 1 of 19 or 4.8%, respectively), demonstrating a trend towards genetic interaction between SHROOM3 and VANGL2/PCP during cardiac development. The scratch assays demonstrated cell movement defects due to SHROOM3-loss-of-function consistent with increased cell movement.
Conclusion and Potential Impact: We demonstrate SHROOM3 interacts with Wnt/PCP during cardiac development. Further interrogation of SHROOM3’s role in Wnt signaling will provide insight into the mechanisms by which a novel CHD candidate participates in cardiogenesis and will improve CHD diagnosis, management, and therapeutic development.
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Response to Interleukin-10 Hydrogel-Based “Bio-Ink” Therapy in Rodent Models
Authors: Jimenez Olivia , Doiron Theresa , Chen Stone , Sualeh Ali , Stashevsky Jennifer , Madison Mackenzie , Gil Chang-Hyundai , Moldovan Nicanor , Miller Steve , Murphy Michael
Published: January 2024

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAA) are the pathological expansion of the aorta, which can rupture and cause significant mortality. Approximately 200,000 AAA cases occur annually in the US, with more than 15,000 cases resulting in death. Risk factors for AAA are similar to those of cardiovascular disease states, particularly cigarette smoking, and AAA patients are generally elderly, Caucasian males. Currently, no medical therapy exists for AAA outside of surgical intervention. We previously hypothesized that the early initiation and propagation of stages in AAA development are inflammatory driven. This process results in a weaker aortic wall, whichwe have evidenced through increased elastin breakdown products and inflammatory markers in AAA patients in comparison to matched controls. This project investigated the use of a novel anti-inflammatory hydrogel to ameliorate AAA progression.
Our study uses a gelatin-based biodegradable bio-ink containing the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10), which was applied to the aorta with a novel hydrogel extruding “BIOPENCIL” device. We used a previously described rodent model consisting of intra-luminal injection of elastase in the infrarenal aorta combined with topical application of calcium chloride; alternatively, topical calcium chloride was used alone for AAA development. The BIOPENCIL was used to deliver the hydrogel containing IL-10 or control at the time of AAA creation. The animals were euthanized 14 or 21 days post-procedure and evaluated for AAA volume, surface area, and diameter alongside molecular analyses to evaluate for immunological changes between control and treatment groups. We predict that the rodent groups treated with IL-10 will not have AAA expansion, while the control group will see AAA expansion. This is based onlongitudinal data from weekly ultrasounds and will be confirmed with microCT.
Assessing Skin Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Cardiac Effects in Patients with Gastric Electrical Stimulation
Authors: Kandharkar Tejas , Ward Matthew , Gupta Anita , Nowak Thomas , Everett, IV Thomas H.
Published: January 2024

Background:Gastric Electrical Stimulation (GES) is a therapy for gastroparesis patients, alleviating symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and poor gastric emptying. The therapeutic impact of GES is believed to stem from changes in autonomic nerve activity, particularly parasympathetic activity via the vagal nerves. This study examines skin sympathetic nerve activity (SKNA) to assess autonomic nerve bursts, investigating the effects of GES on nerve activity and cardiac function.
Methods:SKNA signals were recorded from 48 patients at three locations: left side of the neck (SKNA1), right side of the neck (SKNA2), and via ECG Lead 1 across the chest (SKNA3). Signals were band pass filtered (500 Hz to 1000 Hz) to eliminate ECG and muscle artifacts and highlight nerve activity. Using Labchart software, the absolute value integral (iSKNA) was calculated for each 100-millisecond sample, with resulting values exported to Excel. Data was collected during different GES conditions: GES On, GES at ½ voltage, GES Off, and GES back on. The threshold for nerve activity bursts was determined as the mean of iSKNA values + two times the standard deviation in each section.
Results:Histograms of average aSKNA values showed reduced nerve activity with GES off. Left and vagal nerve activity on SKNA1 was significantly lower with GES fully on or off compared to GES at ½ voltage. No other significant differences were observed in variabilities or average aSKNAs in SKNA1 or SKNA2.
Future Directions & Potential Impact:Burst analysis of iSKNA data will address key questions. Variations in burst activity with different GES conditions may elucidate GES's therapeutic effects on gastroparesis. Subsequent segmentation of data into patients with resolved and unresolved symptoms could reveal the relationship between burst activity and therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, correlation of burst data with heart rate variability analysis will provide insights into the impact of GES on cardiac function. This study will advance our understanding of GES effects and safety, potentially improving patient outcomes.
Prophylactic Posterior Targeted Muscle Reinnervation (TMR) Approach in Below Knee (BKA) Amputation Settings
Authors: Kanthala Sri Charan , Harmon Cameron , Gross Jeffrey , Adkinson Joshua , Christie Brian
Published: January 2024

Background/Objective: Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) is a nerve reconstruction technique focused on improving phantom limb pain (PLP), residual limb pain (RLP), prosthesis function, and limiting neuroma formation. In below-knee-amputations (BKA), TMR performed "through-the-wound" is heavily documented. Alternatively, the "posterior approach" was developed to help increase visibility of peripheral nerves from the posterior fossa. This study focuses on the surgical efficiency and patient outcomes of the posterior approach compared to the through-the-wound approach. We hypothesize the posterior approach will be comparable toor improve time-to-prosthesis fitting, OR time, and pain scores.
Methods: 157 patients underwent TMR at two hospitals in Indianapolis, IN, and were identified using CPT 64890. 39 patients underwent posterior approach TMR post-BKA. Data on demographics, follow-up/rehabilitation visits, post-operative complications, prosthesis fitting, and total OR time were collected. Additionally, 32 patients received TMR "through-the-wound", and total OR time, post-operative complications, and time-to-prosthesis fitting were tracked. Patient-reported outcome (PRO) surveys are being sent to patients pending IRB approval.
Results: Of the 39 who received the posterior approach between 1/10/2020 and 4/6/2023, 25 received TMR in the right leg and 14 in the left. Following BKA, average time to TMR was 144 days. However, 18 patients received TMR directly after undergoing BKA (46.2%). Average OR time for acute and delayed posterior TMR patients was 208.06 minutes and 199.47 minutes, respectively. 10 patients reported post-operative complications (25.6%): dehiscence (12.8%) or infection (7.7%). 23 patients received prosthesis fitting on average 3 months post-op. Average OR time and time-to-prosthesis fitting for "through-the-wound" TMR surgeries were 192.84minutes and 5.81 months, respectively.
Potential Impact: Posterior approach TMR had no significant impact on OR time, but time-to-prosthesis fitting significantly decreased. Once PRO surveys return, average long-term PLP and RLP can be determined. Preliminarily, posterior approach TMR improves aspects of patient outcomes while not compromising surgical efficiency.
Exploring the Influence of tGLI-1 on Temozolomide Resistance in Glioblastomas: Unraveling Novel Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Von Werder Hannah , DeHart Haddie , Carpenter Richard
Published: January 2024

Background/Objective:Temozolomide (TMZ) is a standard chemotherapy treatment for patients with glioblastoma (GBM), but its effectiveness is limited, with only 50% of patients initially responding and developing resistance over time. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) have been implicated in TMZ resistance, particularly the mesenchymal subtype. The truncated form of GLI1, known as tGLI1, is highly expressed in mesenchymal GSCs and has been associated with poor patient outcomes in GBM. However, the role of tGLI1 in TMZ resistance remains unknown.
Methods:The GBM cell line, U87MG, was utilized for this study. The IC50 of TMZ was determined using a cell viability assay. After successful transfection with vector, GLI1, and tGLI1, the cells were treated with the IC50 of TMZ to assess changes in cell viability between the groups.
Results:The IC50 of TMZ is 290.1 μM, as averaged between replicate assays. Thus far, the results showed that tGLI1-expressing cells exhibited significantly higher cell viability (average: 39.09%) compared to Vector (average: 26.78%) and GLI1 (average: 27.11%). However, the tGLI1 group displayed higher variability in cell viability results, as evidenced by a larger standard deviation (0.2758) and standard error (0.1592) compared to vector (SD: 0.0325, SE: 0.0188) and GLI1 (SD: 0.1354, SE: 0.0781). The One-Way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's Multiple Comparison Test, results showed no statistically significant differences in cell viability between the groups.
Conclusion/Impact:The increased cell viability observed in tGLI1-expressing cells suggests a potential association between tGLI1 and TMZ resistance, warranting additional research to fully comprehend its impact on GBM treatment response. Further investigation and replication studies are needed to establish the robustness of these results. This knowledge may contribute to the development oftargeted therapies aimed at inhibiting tGLI1 or its downstream signaling pathways, potentiallyimproving the response to TMZ and patient outcomes.
Modeling Breast Cancer in Men
Authors: Fischer Benjamin , Khatpe Aditi S. , Bhat-Nakshatri Poornima , Nakshatri Harikrishna
Published: January 2024

Background: In 2023, 2,800 men are expected to be diagnosed with breast cancer in the United States, and while it affects a smaller patient population, breast cancer in men has a 19% higher mortality rate. Even though 87% of male breast cancers are estrogen receptor positive (ER+), breast cancer in men is resistant to anti-estrogen therapies. In this study we set out to characterize the difference between male and female breast epithelial cells to elucidate potential treatment pathways.
Project Methods: We compared male and female epithelial cell lines from ultrasound guided breast biopsies of healthy men and women from the Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank that were processed using a culturing method developed in the lab. RNA-Seq of breast epithelial cells was done to identify unique signaling networks and genes in men, and RT-qPCR was used to determine the expression of ER signaling associated genes including ESR1, TBX3, FOXA1, GATA3 and APOBEC3B. Immunofluorescence for ERα was done to characterize differential expression and localization between men and women.
Result: RNA-Seq identified an upregulation of ESR1 which correlates with increased ER+ male breast cancer, along with upregulation of non-genomic ER signaling pathway, including SRC activation, which may affect treatment response. Male cells also showed high levels KDM5D which is implicated in immune system evasion in esophageal cancer and colon adenocarcinoma. RT-qPCR displayed a two-fold increase in ESR1 and increases in TBX3 and APOBEC3B. Immunofluorescence identified ERα and localization to the cell membrane in men.
Conclusion: This first characterization and modeling of men’s breast epithelial cells provides the basis for determining the mechanism behind the lack of efficacy of anti-estrogen therapeutics. With further investigation of the increased non-genomic ER signaling in men, specifically the SRC pathway, we hope this will provide a pathway to treat male breast cancer through potential combination therapies.
The Role of Sociogenomics on Chronic Wounds
Authors: Hajj John , Singh Kanhaiya , Sen Chandan K
Published: January 2024

Background and Objective: 
Chronic wounds affect almost 2.5% of the United States population. Along with substantial healthcare costs, other factors like reduced employment opportunities and social isolation further complicate the patient’s quality of life. Socioeconomic status (SES) has been shown to influence gene expression that can increase susceptibility and deterioration of chronic wounds. Our study looks to identify genes that have been impacted by SES in chronic wound patients. Exploring this association can enhance understanding of the relationship between SES and chronic wound outcomes. 
Experimental Design: 
A cohort of 72 chronic wound patients were recruited. Patient demographics and socioeconomic backgrounds were collected. Blood DNA isolation was performed and allotted for genetic analysis by Axiom™ Precision Medicine Diversity Array (PMDA). DNA genotyping data was obtained, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers pertaining to wound healing were studied. P < 0.05 were used to designate significant SNP marker mutations in the cohort. 
Results: 
To add strength to our project, we have chosen to further study the results obtained by our group (https://doi.org/10.18060/27205), which has previously found significant SNPs associations of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genes in chronic wound patients. Using PMDA, our analysis showed polymorphisms in CYP24A1 (p = 0.0072), a gene involved in vitamin D metabolism, and MTHFR (p = 0.00625), a gene involved in folate and homocysteine metabolism. Modifications of these genes have been associated with pathogenesis to impaired wound healing. 
Conclusion: 
There is a need for further investigation into health outcomes and their association with SES. Our study aims to address the knowledge gap in this field by focusing on chronic wound healing in relation to socioeconomic status. With our results, we hope to emphasize the importance of sociogenomics, and how it can be utilized to advocate for improved patient outcomes across all socioeconomic backgrounds. 
 
Acknowledgements: 
This project was funded, in part, with support from the Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute funded, in part by UL1TR002529 from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The presented work is also supported by NIH grants R01DK135447 and R01DK128845 to CKS. The laboratory of KS is supported by DoD grant W81XWH-22-1-0146. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.
A Predictive Model for Cardiomyopathy Progression in a Longitudinal Cohort of DMD Patients
Authors: Jauregui Alexa M. , Earl Conner C. , Markham Larry W. , Soslow Onathan H. , Goergen Craig J.
Published: January 2024

Background: Cardiomyopathy (CM) is currently the leading cause of mortality in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). DMD CM is asymptomatic during the early stages of disease and age of onset and clinical progression vary. We previously showed that 4D kinematic analysis of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is a robust method to visualize strain and function changes in DMD patients. Our objective, using 4D CMR image analysis, is to build a predictive model to quantify disease progression, and predict functional decline as measured by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in a longitudinal cohort of DMD patients. 
 
Methods: We obtained 4D CMR images from 40 DMD patients imaged every 12 months for three years. Localized surface area strain (Ea) values were derived from compiled 4D CMR images. Patient demographics, presence or absence (+/-) of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and LVEF were obtained by a trained cardiologist. Principal component analysis was used to identify prominent variables contributing most to variability. These variables, along with clinically relevant variables, were selected to build the predictive model. We built a linear mixed effects model using visit, age, basal Ea, and LGE presence. Each patient was considered a random effect to account for variability in initial CM severity. 
 
Results: Study patients were grouped into stages of heart failure according to the American Heart Association: Stage A, LVEF>55%, LGE(-); Stage B, LVEF>55%, LGE(+); Stage C, 40%<LVEF<55%, LGE(+); Stage D, LVEF<40%, LGE(+). Linear mixed effects model showed a good prediction of LVEF on year 3 with a root mean squared error of 3.6% and an R2 value of 0.75 (p<0.0001.). 
 
Conclusion: Early detection is crucial for appropriate clinical intervention. This novel predictive model was developed to determine if Ea derived from 4D imaging, LVEF, and (+/-) LGE can be used to predict functional outcomes in DMD CM.
Comparison of Transfer Patterns by Emergency Medical Services in Trauma Patients in a Major U.S. City
Authors: Kazi Fezaan , Sualeh Ali , Guo Jeff , Buchh Muqsit , Bradbury, MD Jamie
Published: January 2024

Background:Trauma patients are often unable to communicate a preferred destination hospital to EMS due to their injuries and potentially decreased level of consciousness. The destination hospital is thus determined by the EMS team transporting the patient. This study focuses on trauma admissions between Eskenazi and IUH Methodist Hospitals in downtown Indianapolis, both of which are Level 1 trauma centers within one mile of each other. We are interested in identifying differentiating factors between patients that are admitted at these two hospitals, focusing on the injury type as well as the demographic information for each patient, to determine if there are differential transport patterns.
Methods:We performed a retrospective analysis of patient charts and transport documentation to determine basic demographic and admission data for each patient. We especially took note of the location of EMS pickup, the facility the patient was taken to, and the stated reasons for taking the patient to that specific facility. A simple Google Maps search allowed us to determine if the patient was taken to the facility closest to them, or not.
Results:We found that among the included patients that were not taken to the nearest Level 1 trauma center, a significant majority were taken to Eskenazi rather than Methodist. Among these patients, a majority were minorities, in contrast with demographic makeup of the patients that were admitted to the closest trauma center.
Conclusion:This study highlights how complex EMS transfer patterns are based upon diversion, traffic, individual driver preference, and other factors. There is a significant difference in transport patterns between the two hospitals that correlates with a difference in patient demographics.
Policy Implications:This data indicates a need to monitor these numbers closely going forward, paying special attention to all possible reasons that could impact to which facility a patient is admitted.
Diffuse Midline H3 K27-Altered Gliomas in the Spinal Cord: A Systematic Review
Authors: Khan Mohammad Faizan , Wong Jennifer Manyu , Estes Bradley , Ogasawara Christian , Uman Giuseppe E. , Palmisciano Paolo , Watanabe Gina
Published: January 2024

Background: Gliomas account for 80-90% of all intramedullary spinal cord tumors (IMSCTs). Though rare compared to brain tumors, spinal cord gliomas can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) with H3 K27M-mutation, first introduced in the 2016 WHO classification, are high-grade tumors with aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. The 2021 updated WHO classification renamed them "diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered" to include other molecular changes. Limited single-institution data on spinal cord DMGs (DMGSCs) hinder comprehensive understanding and optimal treatment protocols. In this review, we summarize clinical and molecular features, management strategies, and survival impact in patients with DMG-SCs.
Project Methods: A systematic review was performed following the (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, Ovid EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. Clinical characteristics, treatment protocols, and outcomes were analyzed.
Results: A total of 26 studies with 259 patients were included. Most patients were male (63%), diagnosed at a mean age of 32 years (range, 4-72), and tumors were predominately located in the cervical (32%) or thoracic (43%) regions of the spinal cord. Primary management included surgical resection (97%), radiotherapy (78%), and chemotherapy (62%). Most common combination of treatment included surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy (47%). The mean overall and progression free survival were 25 (range, 0.1-48) and 14 (range, 0.1-25) months, respectively. Gene alterations included p53 mutation (61%), loss of ATRX (46%), Olig- 2 positive (100%), and GFAP positive (80%). The mean Ki-67/MIB-1 was 23% (12-40%).
Conclusion/Impact: DMG-SCs affect mostly the adult population and appear to resemble adult DMGs in terms of molecular features, management, and prognosis.
Peningkatan Usaha Koperasi Wisata Berbasis Potensi Desa
Authors: Kartika Neng Evi , Syafrudin Oding
Published: January 2024

The village environment in West Java presents beautiful and enchanting natural views. This natural potential can be managed in such a way that it can improve the regional economy. Management can be done through economic institutions, such as cooperatives with a specific business unit, namely tourism or Tourism Cooperatives. This community service activity aims to increase understanding of running a business through legal entity tourism cooperatives, developing tourism cooperative businesses, assisting with the legality of cooperative institutions, and assisting in obtaining business permits through online single submission (OSS). This activity uses the participatory rural appraisal (PRA) method to make conducting community economic business development activities based on village potential easier. The result of this activity is that the cooperative management community has a tourism business development plan document in accordance with the KBLI, strategic plan, work plan, and follow-up to each business development program. Tourism Cooperatives already have complete legality accompanied by various business permits such as Notarial Deeds, Ministry of Law and Human Rights Deeds, Business Permit Numbers (NIB), and Licensing for each business unit owned, with adequate cooperative organizational structure and completeness.
Accompaniment of Contextual Learning Oriented Minimum Competency Assessment of Mathematics through Lesson Study
Authors: Inganah Siti , Utomo Dwi Priyo , Baiduri Baiduri , Djunaidi Arif
Published: January 2024

Minimum Competency Assessment is a component of the assessment as an assessment policy established by the Indonesia government in independent learning to assess the success of formal education in schools. The junior high school of Muhammadiyah 8 Batu has implemented learning innovations. However, it still needs to be improved, especially in integrating the involvement of students in creative and critical thinking, communication, and collaboration, and refers to the Minimum Competency Assessment. This Lesson Study mentoring activity aims to improve the quality of learning mathematics by using a contextual approach oriented to Minimum Competency Assessment. This mentoring activity used workshop and simulation methods. Four mathematics teachers attended the workshop and simulation. The results showed that the Lesson Study team produced a Minimum Competency Assessment for six grade 7 groups oriented contextual learning design that integrated students’ involvement in creative and critical thinking, communication, and collaboration, which was realized through lesson design. Model teachers and observers were enthusiastic and carried out Minimum Competency assessment-oriented contextual learning activities through Lesson Study well. Students gave a positive response and were very active while participating in learning. The mentoring activities of Minimum Competency Assessment-oriented contextual learning can be said to be effective. The learning designs prepared by the teacher can be implemented in other classes with relatively the same student characteristics.
The demand for interaction of family and school in the process of raising a child: the experience of empirical research
Authors:   Smolensk State University, Brunchukova N. M.
Published: January 2024

Currently, the problem of interaction between an educational organization and a family is one of the most significant in the theory and practice of the pedagogical process. The paper considers the issues of building constructive interaction between a teacher and parents in the process of raising a child, and reveals the potential of methodological cooperation between school and parents. The following principle should be considered the basis for such cooperation: the most effective way to help a child is to help his parents. The purpose of the study is to determine the demand for interaction (methodological support) between family and school in the process of raising an elementary school child; to specify the most effective forms and methods of interaction in the process of providing methodological assistance to parents in their educational activities. The study was carried out in the form of a survey. The survey questions offered to parents included several areas: determining the appropriateness and necessity of providing methodological support to the family when solving educational problems; specifying the most effective forms and methods of interaction in the process of providing methodological assistance to parents in their educational activities. The results of the study allow talking about the demand for interaction and methodological support of the family by the educational organization in family education matters, both on the part of teachers (school) and on the part of parents. The author identified the most effective forms of methodological support for parents in matters of raising a child: debates on educational issues, joint trainings, role plays (“pedagogical ring”), involving parents in organizing and conducting extracurricular activities (excursions, tourism, competitions, projects, etc.). The author sees one of the ways to solve this problem in the methodological preparation of a future teacher for the implementation of interaction between family and school at the stage of getting vocational education, offering students relevant elective courses.
An innovative method to assess the development of competencies of students when writing a graduate qualification paper
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Aydarkin E. K. , Kundupyan O. L. ,   Southern Federal University, Starostin A. N. ,   Southern Federal University, Kundupyan Yu. L. ,   Southern Federal University, Fomina A. S. ,   Don State Technical University
Published: January 2024

A topical issue in the modern education system is the objective control of a student’s independent work when writing a graduate qualification paper (Graduation Thesis). Currently, only the procedure for defending a Graduation Thesis is being assessed, which does not reflect the entire set of skills of independent research work. To solve this problem, within the more general task of creating a criteria-based assessment system, the authors developed a method for assessing the formedness of competencies by assessing the development degree of professional skills constituting competency indicators. The method is based on recording a wide range of objective indicators in the process of independent work using an electronic educational environment and on algorithms for calculating “Proficient” indicators for target professional competencies. The purpose of the study is to develop and test a method for assessing the development of students’ competencies when writing a Graduation Thesis. The developed method was tested on a group of graduate biology students specializing at the Chair of Human and Animal Physiology. Based on the results of the Graduation Thesis defense procedure, all students specializing at the Chair received an “excellent” rating, which implies an equally high level of development of competencies. As part of the testing, the authors assessed such activities as writing a literature review, mastering experimental equipment and collecting experimental material, statistical data processing, and preparing publications. It was found that the examined group of students is significantly heterogeneous in terms of some indicators. The authors identified skills where the majority of those surveyed showed a proficiency level below the required minimum. The testing results showed that, compared to the final assessment based on the thesis defense results, the developed method is more objective and informative for assessing the development of competencies.
Revealed comparative advantages in terms of added value: data for Russia
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Shatunov M. V.
Published: January 2024

The paper considers the methodological aspects of calculating the index of revealed comparative advantages (Balassa index) for the needs of the theory of global value chains. In the event of economic shocks, knowledge of the geographic origin of value added in exports helps to consider comprehensively the issue of diversification of partners in global value chains (GVCs) and contributes to faster policy decision-making, early recovery or replacement of affected links in global value chains. For the first time, comparative advantage indices were calculated for sectors of the Russian economy in terms of value added rather than gross exports. This allowed obtaining the more objective data about the presence of revealed comparative advantages in the GVC era. The study uses ADB MRIO data on value-added trade for 2011 and 2021, from which the RCAf (for forward links in GVCs) and RCAb (for backward links in GVCs) indices are calculated. Using the World Bank methodology, indices of direct and reverse participation in GVCs were calculated. The results obtained show the presence of comparative advantages in both the mining and manufacturing sectors of the Russian economy. At the same time, comparative advantage has been lost in some service sectors, such as the Sales, Maintenance, and Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles sector. In industrial sectors, comparative advantages tend to increase, especially in the sectors of extraction of minerals, timber, and metals.
Investigation of phase transformations in a two-layer Ti–Al–C+Y–Al–O coating on a heat-resistant nickel alloy
Authors:   Ufa University of Science and Technology, Nazarov A. Yu. , Maslov A. A. ,   Ufa University of Science and Technology, Nikolaev A. A. ,   Ufa University of Science and Technology, Shmakov A. N. ,   Federal Research Center Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB of RAS,   Institute of High Current Electronics SB of RAS, Denisov V. V. ,   Institute of High Current Electronics SB of RAS, Ramazanov K. N. ,   Ufa University of Science and Technology
Published: January 2024

Currently, an active increase in requirements for fuel efficiency and specific gravity of aircraft turbojet engines is observed. Existing coatings based on zirconium dioxide intended for protecting engine parts are largely outdated and have exhausted their development potential, so new ceramic systems for the production of protective coatings based on them are an area of research. The authors carried out a study of a heat-resistant two-layer coating based on the Y–Al–O system (outer layer) and the Ti2AlC MAX phase of the Ti–Al–C system (sublayer) produced using vacuum-arc deposition on the Inconel 738 heat-resistant nickel alloy and molybdenum by alternate deposition of layers based on Ti–Al–C and a Y–Al–O layer. Using synchrotron radiation, phase transformations in the coating were examined when samples were heated to 1400 °C in a vacuum and to 1100 °C in the atmosphere to study the process of oxidation and coating formation in the presence of oxygen. Using scanning electron microscopy, the authors studied the microstructure and chemical composition of the coating. The study identified that heating the coating in a vacuum and in the atmosphere causes various phase transformations in it, but in both cases, the formation of a mixture of oxides of the Y–Al–O group and destabilization of the Ti–Al–C-based sublayer are observed. After heating the coating in the atmosphere without preliminary heat treatment, the coating was destroyed upon cooling, which was not observed when the coating was heated in a vacuum.
Особенности ИКТ - технологий в обучении русскому языку как иностранному
Authors: Голубева А.А. , Маслова Т.А.
Published: January 2024

Современное общество не может существовать без ИКТ - технологий. В последние годы использование ИКТ - технологий в обучении русскому языку как иностранному (РКИ) стало очень популярным. Одной из основных причин такой популярности является возможность значительно улучшить качество процесса обучения РКИ. С помощью ИКТ - технологий можно создавать интерактивные задания, игры, аудио и видеоматериалы, что способствует более эффективному запоминанию материала.
Основные этапы формирования и оценки общепрофессиональных компетенций будущих педагогов в процессе их вузовской подготовки
Authors: Перевощикова Е.Н
Published: January 2024

В статье представлены технологические этапы, раскрывающие способы согласования процессов формирования и оценки уровня достижения общепрофессиональных компетенций, которые формируются в нескольких учебных дисциплинах. Показана необходимость декомпозиции компетенций, в ходе которой определяются образовательные области их формирования, и выделяются совокупности действий, выступающих в качестве объектов оценивания в рамках аттестации обучающихся по дисциплине и на контрольном мероприятии по группе дисциплин. Приводится пример реализации выделенных этапов на основе компетенции ОПК-5