bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poststroke Depression: A Scientific Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
Authors: Towfighi Amytis , Ovbiagele Bruce , El Husseini Nada , Hackett Maree L. , Jorge Ricardo E. , Kissela Brett M. , Mitchell Pamela H. , Skolarus Lesli E. , Whooley Mary A. , Williams Linda S.
Published: December 2016

Poststroke depression (PSD) is common, affecting approximately one third of stroke survivors at any one time after stroke. Individuals with PSD are at a higher risk for suboptimal recovery, recurrent vascular events, poor quality of life, and mortality. Although PSD is prevalent, uncertainty remains regarding predisposing risk factors and optimal strategies for prevention and treatment. This is the first scientific statement from the American Heart Association on the topic of PSD. Members of the writing group were appointed by the American Heart Association Stroke Council’s Scientific Statements Oversight Committee and the American Heart Association’s Manuscript Oversight Committee. Members were assigned topics relevant to their areas of expertise and reviewed appropriate literature, references to published clinical and epidemiology studies, clinical and public health guidelines, authoritative statements, and expert opinion. This multispecialty statement provides a comprehensive review of the current evidence and gaps in current knowledge of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, outcomes, management, and prevention of PSD, and provides implications for clinical practice.
Knowledge, Pragmatics, and Error
Authors: Kindermann Dirk
Published: December 2016

‘Know-that’, like so many natural language expressions, exhibits patterns of use that provide evidence for its context-sensitivity. A popular family of views – call it pragmatic invariantism – attempts to explain the shifty patterns by appeal to a pragmatic thesis: while the semantic meaning of ‘know-that’ is stable across all contexts of use, sentences of the form ‘S knows [doesn’t know] that p’ can be used to communicate a pragmatic content that depends on the context of use. In this paper, the author argues that pragmatic invariantism makes inaccurate predictions for a wide range of well-known use data and is committed to attributing systematic pragmatic error to ordinary speakers. But pragmatic error is unprecedented, and it is doubtful that speakers are systematically wrong about what they intend to communicate.
Two new species of Speonemobius from Southwest China (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Nemobiinae)
Authors: HE ZHUQING , LU HUI , WANG XIAOYIN , LI KAI
Published: December 2016

Two new species (Speonemobius bifasciatus sp. nov., Speonemobius fulvus sp. nov.) are found in southwest China. The morphology and genitalia are described in this paper. The specimens are deposited in East China Normal University, Biology of History Museum (ECNU) and Collection of Chang-Chin Chen, Tianjin, China (CCCC).
Coendutermes tucum Fontes (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae): description of the imago caste and additional notes
Authors: CUEZZO CAROLINA
Published: December 2016

Coendutermes Fontes, 1985 is a monotypic South American termite genus. Coendutermes tucum Fontes, 1985, was described based on morphological characters from soldiers and workers collected in Mato Grosso, Brazil, and Jodensavanne, Suriname. Herein, I describe the imago caste of C. tucum for the first time with additional notes on soldiers, workers, and new distributional records. The studied material is deposited at the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (MZUSP). I use the terminology of Fontes (1987) to describe worker mandibles, and that of Noirot (2001) for the different parts of the digestive tube of workers. I measured the imagoes morphometric characters following Roonwal (1970): LH, length of head capsule (9); WH, width of head capsule without eyes (18); OF, occipito-fontanelle distance (23); DE, diameter of eye (48); LO, length of ocellus (55); WO, width of ocellus (56); EOD, eye-ocellus distance (57); LP, length of pronotum (65); WP, width of pronotum (68); LT, length of hind tibia (85). I took photographs of all castes with a stereomicroscope (Leica M205C) attached to a video camera (Leica DFC295) and images of gizzard and enteric valve under a microscope (Leica DM750B) attached to a video camera (Leica ICC50HD), then I combined the stacks of images with the software Leica LAS EZ 2.0 or Helicon Focus 5.2.11 X64. For the scanning electron micrographs (SEM), one soldier was dried to critical point while directly mounted on a stub with double face adhesive tape, then coated with gold and photographed with the SEM (Zeiss LEO 440 ®).
Simulations of MJO Propagation across the Maritime Continent: Impacts of SST Feedback
Authors: Zhu Jieshun , Wang Wanqiu , Kumar Arun
Published: December 2016

The observed Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) tends to propagate eastward across the Maritime Continent from the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean to the western Pacific. However, numerical simulations present different levels of fidelity in representing the propagation, especially for the tropical convection associated with the MJO. This study conducts a series of coupled simulations using the NCEP CFSv2 to explore the impacts of SST feedback and convection parameterization on the propagation simulations. First, two simulations differing in the model horizontal resolutions are conducted. The MJO propagation in these two simulations is found generally insensitive to the resolution change. Further, based on the CFSv2 with a lower resolution, two additional experiments are performed with model SSTs nudged to climatologies with different time scales representing different air–sea coupling strength. It is demonstrated that weakening the air–sea coupling strength significantly degrades the MJO propagation simulation, suggesting the critical role of SST feedback in maintaining MJO propagation. Last, the sensitivity to convection parameterization is explored by comparing two simulations with different convection parameterization schemes. Analyses of these simulations indicate that including air–sea coupling alone in a dynamical model does not result in realistic maintenance of the MJO eastward propagation without the development of favorable SST conditions in the western Pacific. In both observations and one simulation with realistic MJO propagations, the preconditioning of SSTs is strongly affected by surface latent heat fluxes that are modulated by surface wind anomalies in both zonal and meridional directions. The diagnostics highlight the critical contribution from meridional winds in wind speed variations, which has been neglected in most MJO studies.
Estimating Infrared Radiometric Satellite Sea Surface Temperature Retrieval Cold Biases in the Tropics due to Unscreened Optically Thin Cirrus Clouds
Authors: Marquis Jared W. , Bogdanoff Alec S. , Campbell James R. , Cummings James A. , Westphal Douglas L. , Smith Nathaniel J. , Zhang Jianglong
Published: December 2016

Passive longwave infrared radiometric satellite–based retrievals of sea surface temperature (SST) at instrument nadir are investigated for cold bias caused by unscreened optically thin cirrus (OTC) clouds [cloud optical depth (COD) ≤ 0.3]. Level 2 nonlinear SST (NLSST) retrievals over tropical oceans (30°S–30°N) from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) radiances collected aboard the NASA Aqua satellite (Aqua-MODIS) are collocated with cloud profiles from the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument. OTC clouds are present in approximately 25% of tropical quality-assured (QA) Aqua-MODIS Level 2 data, representing over 99% of all contaminating cirrus found. Cold-biased NLSST (MODIS, AVHRR, and VIIRS) and triple-window (AVHRR and VIIRS only) SST retrievals are modeled based on operational algorithms using radiative transfer model simulations conducted with a hypothetical 1.5-km-thick OTC cloud placed incrementally from 10.0 to 18.0 km above mean sea level for cloud optical depths between 0.0 and 0.3. Corresponding cold bias estimates for each sensor are estimated using relative Aqua-MODIS cloud contamination frequencies as a function of cloud-top height and COD (assuming they are consistent across each platform) integrated within each corresponding modeled cold bias matrix. NLSST relative OTC cold biases, for any single observation, range from 0.33° to 0.55°C for the three sensors, with an absolute (bulk mean) bias between 0.09° and 0.14°C. Triple-window retrievals are more resilient, ranging from 0.08° to 0.14°C relative and from 0.02° to 0.04°C absolute. Cold biases are constant across the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Absolute bias is lower over the Atlantic but relative bias is higher, indicating that this issue persists globally.
An Introduction to Coherent Multidimensional Spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Peter C.
Published: December 2016

Coherent multidimensional spectroscopy is a field that has drawn much attention as an optical analogue to multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Coherent multidimensional spectroscopic techniques produce spectra that show the magnitude of an optical signal as a function of two or more pulsed laser frequencies. Spectra can be collected in either the frequency or the time domain. In addition to improving resolution and overcoming spectral congestion, coherent multidimensional spectroscopy provides the ability to investigate and conduct studies based upon the relationship between different peaks. The purpose of this paper is to provide a general introduction to the area of coherent multidimensional spectroscopy, to provide a brief overview of current experimental approaches, and to discuss some emerging developments in this relatively young field.
Real-Time, Label-Free Detection of Local Exocytosis Outside Pancreatic β Cells Using Laser Tweezers Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Luo Rui-qiong , Wei Fang , Huang Shu-shi , Jiang Yue-ming , Zhang Shan-lei , Mo Wen-qing , Liu Hong , Rong Xi
Published: December 2016

The examination of insulin (Ins) exocytosis at the single-cell level by conventional methods, such as electrophysiological approaches, total internal reflection imaging, and two-photon imaging technology, often requires an invasive microelectrode puncture or label. In this study, high concentrations of glucose and potassium chloride were used to stimulate β cell Ins exocytosis, while low concentrations of glucose and calcium channel blockers served as the blank and negative control, respectively. Laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy (LTRS) was used to capture the possible Raman scattering signal from a local zone outside of the cell edge. The results show that the frequencies of the strong signals from the local zones outside the cellular edge in the stimulated groups are greater than those of the control. The Raman spectra from the cellular edge, Ins and cell membrane were compared. Thus, local Ins exocytosis activity outside pancreatic β cells might be observed indirectly using LTRS, a non-invasive optical method.
Quantification of the steady-state plasma concentrations of clozapine and N-desmethylclozapine in Japanese patients with schizophrenia using a novel HPLC method and the effects of CYPs and ABC transporters polymorphisms
Authors: Akamine Yumiko , Sugawara-Kikuchi Yuka , Uno Tsukasa , Shimizu Tetsuo , Miura Masatomo
Published: December 2016

Background

This study developed a novel high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous quantification of clozapine and its active metabolite, N-desmethylclozapine, in human plasma and investigated the effects of various factors, including genetic polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6, CYP3A5, ABCB1 and ABCG2, on the steady-state plasma trough concentrations (C0) of clozapine and N-desmethylclozapine in Japanese patients with schizophrenia.

Methods

Forty-five patients had been receiving fixed doses of clozapine for at least four weeks. The CYP2D6 ( CYP2D6*2, CYP2D6*5, CYP2D6*10), CYP3A5 ( CYP3A5*3), ABCB1 (1236C > T, 2677G > T/A, 3435C > T) and ABCG2 (421 C > A) genotypes were identified by polymerase chain reaction.

Results

The within- and between-day coefficients of variation (CV) were less than 11.0%, and accuracy was within 9.0% over the linear range from 10 to 2500 ng/mL for both analytes, and their LOQs were each 10 ng/mL. The median C0/dose (C0/D) ratios of clozapine were significantly higher in patients with the ABCG2 421 A allele than in those with the 421 C/C genotype ( P = 0.010). However, there were no significant differences in C0/D ratios of clozapine and N-desmethylclozapine among ABCB1, CYP2D6 or CYP3A5 genotypes. In multiple regression analysis, including polymorphisms, age, body weight and biochemical data of patients, the ABCG2 polymorphism alone was correlated with the C0/D ratios of clozapine ( R2 = 0.139, P = 0.016).

Conclusions

Among the various CYPs and drug transporters, BCRP appeared to most strongly influence clozapine exposure. Knowledge of the patient’s ABCG2 421 C > A genotype before initiating therapy may be useful when making dosing decisions aimed at achieving optimal clozapine exposure.
Sequential Revision of Belief, Trust Type, and the Order Effect
Authors: Entin Elliot E. , Serfaty Daniel
Published: December 2016

Objective

To investigate how people’s sequential adjustments to their position are impacted by the source of the information.

Background

There is an extensive body of research on how the order in which new information is received affects people’s final views and decisions as well as research on how they adjust their views in light of new information.

Method

Seventy college-aged students, 60% of whom were women, completed one of eight different randomly distributed booklets prepared to create the eight different between-subjects treatment conditions created by crossing the two levels of information source with the four level of order conditions. Based on the information provided, participants estimated the probability of an attack, the dependent measure.

Results

Confirming information from an expert intelligence officer significantly increased the attack probability from the initial position more than confirming information from a longtime friend. Conversely, disconfirming information from a longtime friend decreased the attack probability significantly more than the same information from an intelligence officer.

Conclusion

It was confirmed that confirming and disconfirming evidence were differentially affected depending on information source, either an expert or a close friend. The difference appears to be due to the existence of two kinds of trust: cognitive-based imbued to an expert and affective-based imbued to a close friend.

Application

Purveyors of information need to understand that it is not only the content of a message that counts but that other forces are at work such as the order in which information is received and characteristics of the information source.
Filament winding path generation based on the inverse process of stability analysis for non-axisymmetric mandrels
Authors: Fu Jianhui , Yun Jaedeuk , Jung Yoongho
Published: December 2016

Obtaining reliable winding paths for non-axisymmetric shapes with current filament winding technologies is still a challenge. In this study, an algorithm was developed for generating geodesic and non-geodesic paths that are slippage- and bridging-free and can be applied to axisymmetric as well as non-axisymmetric mandrel models represented by triangular meshes. By performing a stability analysis on the winding path on a curved surface, the non-slipping and non-bridging conditions on a triangular mesh are deduced. Then, according to the inverse process of stability analysis, the next path point that satisfies the stability conditions is determined. In this method, the surface normal vector is calculated by a geodesic rather than via the weighted average method. Consequently, a stroke of the winding path is constructed by adding the next path point recursively. In addition, strategies for generating stable paths on a mandrel surface that includes concave regions are presented to avoid bridging.
Temporal Processing Development in Chinese Primary School–Aged Children With Dyslexia
Authors: Wang Li-Chih , Yang Hsien-Ming
Published: December 2016

This study aimed to investigate the development of visual and auditory temporal processing among children with and without dyslexia and to examine the roles of temporal processing in reading and reading-related abilities. A total of 362 Chinese children in Grades 1–6 were recruited from Taiwan. Half of the children had dyslexia, and the other half were typically developing children who matched the dyslexic group on age, intelligence, and gender. Our results indicate that for typically developing children, the visual and auditory modalities follow the same developmental trend: The children in first and second grades performed significantly worse than the older children. Among the children with dyslexia, however, significant improvements in the visual modality were observed with increasing age. Furthermore, although both modalities were important for all reading-related abilities and for Chinese character reading in first and second grades, the visual modality significantly predicted only orthographic knowledge and Chinese character reading in third and fourth grades. In contrast, the auditory modality affected only phonological awareness. In fifth and sixth grades, only visual temporal processing slightly contributed to the orthographic knowledge and Chinese character reading of the dyslexic group. Also, the relationship between temporal processing and Chinese character reading is strongly influenced by age.
Do Street Robbery Location Choices Vary Over Time of Day or Day of Week? A Test in Chicago
Authors: Bernasco Wim , Ruiter Stijn , Block Richard
Published: December 2016

Objectives:

This article examines the hypothesis that in street robbery location choices, the importance of location attributes is conditional on the time of day and on the day of the week.

Method:

The hypothesis is assessed by estimating and comparing separate discrete location choice models for each two-hour time block of the day and for each day of the week. The spatial units of analysis are census blocks. Their relevant attributes include presence of various legal and illegal cash economies, presence of high schools, measures of accessibility, and distance from the offender’s home.

Results:

The hypothesis is strongly rejected because for almost all census block attributes, their importance hardly depends on time of day or day of week. Only the effect of high schools in census blocks follows expectations, as its effect is only demonstrated at the times and on the days that schools are open.

Conclusions:

The results suggest that street robbers’ location choices are not as strongly driven by spatial variations in immediate opportunities as has been suggested in previous studies. Rather, street robbers seem to perpetrate in the environs of cash economies and transit hubs most of the time irrespective of how many potential victims are around.
Abdominal self-stabbing: A case report
Authors: Atreya Alok , Rijal Dolendra , Kanchan Tanuj , Shekhawat Raghvendra S
Published: December 2016

While abdominal stabbings are frequently associated with homicides, abdominal self-stabbing is uncommon and poses a challenge for the investigators. In cases of sharp force trauma, the presence of hesitation cuts over the neck and extremities help to distinguish self-inflicted injuries from homicides. Hesitation cuts are not associated with self-inflicted sharp force injuries to the abdomen, and thus are of limited use in distinguishing suicidal from homicidal abdominal stab wounds. In this study, we present a case of self-inflicted abdominal stabbing along with a detailed review of literature to help elucidate such cases.
Session Perceived Exertion Following Traditional and Circuit Resistance Exercise Methods in Older Hypertensive Women
Authors: Gauche Rafael , Ferreira-Júnior João B. , Gadelha André B. , Neri Silvia G. R. , Bottaro Martim , Vianna Lauro C. , Lima Ricardo M.
Published: December 2016

This study compared session ratings of perceived exertion (SRPE) between traditional multiple-set (TR) and circuit (CI) resistance exercise methods in treated hypertensive women. Fourteen volunteers (69.9 ± 5.6 years) performed two training sessions (TR and CI) in a random order, with the same number of sets, exercises, and loads. SRPE was obtained 30 minutes following each session using Foster’s scale. OMNI-resistance exercise scale (OMNI-RES) measures were subsequently taken. Foster’s SRPE was not significantly different between sessions (3.8 ± 0.9 TR vs. 3.4 ± 1.0 CI; p = .125), but OMNI-RES values were significantly higher following TR than following CI (5.2 ± 1.3 vs. 4.6 ± 1.5; p = .033). Total session duration was longer for TR (29.3 ± 1.2 vs. 20.0 ± 0.9 minutes; p < .001). Using moderate loads, the CI method did not elicit higher SRPE when compared with TR. Conversely, significantly lower OMNI-RES values follow CI. These results will be useful for prescribing exercise regimens for older hypertensive women.
State Health Department Requirements for Reporting of Antibiotic-Resistant Infections by Providers, United States, 2013 and 2015
Authors: Pogorzelska-Maziarz Monika , Carter Eileen J. , Manning Mary Lou , Larson Elaine L.
Published: December 2016

Due to the high burden of antibiotic-resistant infections, several US states mandate public reporting of these infections. To examine the extent to which state departments of health require reporting of antibiotic-resistant infections, we abstracted data from lists of reportable conditions from all 50 states at 2 time points, May 2013 and May 2015. Requirements varied substantially by state. In 2015, most states (n = 44) required reporting of at least 1 antibiotic-resistant infection; vancomycin-intermediate and/or vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently reportable infection (n = 40). Few states required reporting of methicillin-resistant S aureus (n = 11), multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (n = 9), or vancomycin-resistant enterococci (n = 8). During the 2 years we studied, 2013 and 2015, 4 states removed and 9 added at least 1 reporting requirement. The changes in reporting requirements suggest flexibility in health departments’ response to local surveillance needs and emerging threats. Future studies should assess how data on antibiotic-resistant infections through different sources are used at the state level to drive prevention and control efforts.
Customer-Based Destination Brand Equity Modeling: The Role of Destination Resources, Value for Money, and Value in Use
Authors: Chekalina Tatiana , Fuchs Matthias , Lexhagen Maria
Published: December 2016

This study contributes to the development of knowledge on transferring the concept of customer-based brand equity to a tourism destination context. Keller’s brand equity pyramid is utilized as the comparison framework to reveal similarities, but also overlaps, differences and gaps on both the conceptual and measurement level of existing brand equity models for destinations. Particularly, the inner core of the model depicts the complex mechanisms of how destination resources transform into benefits for tourists overlooked by prior research. This study proposes a customer-based brand equity model for destinations, which consists of five dependent constructs, including awareness, loyalty, and three destination brand promise constructs constituting the inner core of the model, namely, destination resources, value in use, and value for money. The model was repeatedly tested for the leading Swedish mountain destination Åre, by using a linear structural equation modeling approach. Findings confirm the path structure of the proposed model.
Does Who I Am or How I Regulate Matter? Consequences of Manipulation of Emotion Regulation Strategies
Authors: Ali Sideeka , Alea Nicole
Published: December 2016

This study experimentally examined the affective and social consequences of emotion regulation in men and women from young adulthood to old age. Participants were instructed to reappraise, suppress, or given no instructions while recalling a negative memory about their romantic relationship. Participants were 191 adults in a Trinidadian lifespan sample. Engaging in suppression resulted in higher relationship satisfaction, particularly for women, whereas engaging in reappraisal reduced negative affect for middle-aged versus younger adults. Reappraisal was, however, particularly consequential for young women who experienced higher levels of negative affect compared with men of the same age and older aged women. Regardless of instructions, older adults experienced higher relationship satisfaction, higher positive and lower negative affect than younger aged adults. Results are discussed considering the positivity effect for older adults, and how the current and historical climate of Trinidad influences the way women regulate their emotions.
The Uses of Informality: Urban Development and Social Distinction in Mexico City
Authors: Müller Frank , Segura Ramiro
Published: December 2016

“Urban informality” is a signifier that is disputed by real estate developers, politicians, and residents in undertaking strategies of social distinction and gaining particular political and economic benefits. Research in the western periphery of Mexico City distinguishes three cases of such use of informality. First, real estate developers employ informality as a threat to valorize and justify an enclosed “First World” lifestyle in gated communities. Second, informality motivates homeowners’ associations to take on a neighborhood-defending and state-monitoring role. Third, besides its function in reconstituting class frontiers, it serves as a referent for broader social mobilization against the perceived informality of the local elite. By facilitating social distinction, informality continues to marginalize communities as it influences planning decisions and access to land in urban Latin America.

La “informalidad urbana” es un significante que es cuestionado por las empresas de bienes raíces, los políticos y los residentes cuando se involucran en estrategias de distinción social para obtener determinados beneficios políticos y económicos. Nuestra investigación en la periferia occidental de la Ciudad de México establece tres casos de ese uso de la informalidad. Primero, las empresas inmobiliarias emplean la informalidad como una amenaza para valorizar y justificar un estilo de vida del mundo desarrollado en comunidades con acceso controlado. Segundo, la informalidad mueve a las asociaciones de dueños de casa a asumir el papel de defensores del vecindario y la función de vigilancia del estado. Tercero, además de reconstituir las fronteras de clase, también sirve como un referente para una movilidad social más amplia en contra de la presunta informalidad de la élite local. Al facilitar la distinción social, la informalidad continúa marginalizando comunidades ya que sigue influyendo en las decisiones sobre la planificación y el acceso a la tierra en el espacio urbano de América Latina.
The Reframing of the War on Drugs as a “Humanitarian Crisis”: Costs, Benefits, and Consequences
Authors: Sandvik Kristin Bergtora , Hoelscher Kristian
Published: December 2016

The War on Drugs has had grave humanitarian consequences for Latin America. It has encouraged a highly militarized and ultimately unsuccessful approach to drug control, leading to violence, displacement, and human suffering throughout the region. In acknowledging and responding to this suffering, humanitarian organizations have recently begun to frame this situation as a “humanitarian crisis” to facilitate humanitarian entry into new spaces. There is a need for a conceptual conversation about the use of the label “humanitarian crisis” in reference to the human costs of the War on Drugs in Latin America, particularly its rhetorical and normative use by the media and civil society and its strategic and moral use by humanitarian actors.

La Guerra contra las Drogas ha tenido grave consecuencias humanitarias para América Latina. Ha promovido un enfoque altamente militarizado y en última instancia fallido, para controlar las drogas, lo que ha provocado violencia, desplazamientos y sufrimiento humano a través de la región. Como reconocimiento y respuesta a este sufrimiento, las organizaciones humanitarias recientemente han empezado a plantear esta situación como una “crisis humanitaria” para así facilitar la entrada humanitaria en nuevos espacios. Es necesario que se dé una conversación teórica sobre el uso de la categoría “crisis humanitaria” en referencia a los costos humanos de la Guerra contra las Drogas en América Latina, especialmente su uso retórico y prescriptivo por parte de los medios de comunicación y la sociedad civil y su uso estratégico y moral por parte de los agentes humanitarios.
Society is not a text
Authors: Cabos Jordi
Published: December 2016

The question of how meaning serves to sustain dominance has been part of the programme of a critique of ideology from the outset. If ideology makes the meaning of the social world and its interpretations decontested, a main task of the critique of ideology is to show their contestability. I would like to reconsider the value of metaphor within this programme and claim that metaphors are noteworthy devices for the critique of ideology due to their ability to undermine ideological incontestability: by calling into question its consistency, by exploring other possible interpretations and by enriching its univocal character, that is, through evoking a new way of seeing social reality, metaphors manage to disclose the contestability of the social world and its interpretations.
Sharing the Caring: Attitude–Behavior Discrepancies and Partnership Dynamics
Authors: Brandén Maria , Duvander Ann-Zofie , Ohlsson-Wijk Sofi
Published: December 2016

Even though ideals in favor of gender equality in the private sphere are wide spread, discrepancies between ideals and actual behavior are common. Such discrepancies and potential dissatisfaction with gender unequal behavior within a couple are expected to influence partnership dynamics negatively. This study examines how discrepancies between the perceived ideal sharing of parental leave and the actual division of leave, as well as satisfaction with the division are associated with (a) relationship satisfaction, (b) continued childbearing, and (c) union dissolution, using Swedish panel data. The findings cannot confirm an effect of discrepancies on partnership dynamics. However, men who wish they had used a larger share of the parental leave have lower relationship satisfaction, lower continued childbearing, and higher probability of union dissolution. Women are seemingly not affected by their (dis)satisfaction with the division. The findings may reflect a changing father role related to the policy setting and norms in Sweden.
Community and prosperity beyond social capital: The case of Newham, East London
Authors: Mintchev Nikolay , Moore Henrietta L.
Published: December 2016

Researchers and policymakers working on prosperity, happiness and wellbeing in the UK have recently reworked GDP-centred notions of progress and identified community and belonging as major determinants of a good life. The dominant notion of community in most writing on this topic draws on Putnam’s work on social capital as measured by trust and/or civic engagement. This approach, however, captures only the social aspect of community, without addressing the symbolic dimension of political discourses and their national and local effects. Using data from Newham, London, this article argues that a narrow focus on social capital obfuscates the complexity of community dynamics, leading to misconceptions about the causes of social fragmentation. In the case of Newham, we show that while survey data on social capital suggests that diversity is detrimental to community life, a more nuanced analysis reveals that it is in fact an important part of community cohesion.
SLT beliefs about collaborative practice: Implications for education and learning
Authors: Jago Suzanne , Radford Julie
Published: December 2016

Effective collaborative practice is expected of newly qualified speech and language therapists (SLTs) in order to achieve the best outcomes for clients. Research into collaborative practice has identified a number of barriers to and facilitators of collaborative practice, but there has been limited research into how well prepared newly qualified SLTs are to carry out collaborative practice or their beliefs about its value. There is emerging research into the teaching of collaborative practice in higher education institutions; however, studies have typically focused on medical professions, with limited research into the teaching of collaborative practice for allied health professionals. This study set out to explore newly qualified SLTs’ beliefs about the value of collaborative practice; barriers to and facilitators of collaborative practice in paediatric work settings; the effectiveness of the teaching of collaborative practice on their pre-registration higher education course; and how the teaching of collaborative practice on SLT university courses could be improved. Semi-structured telephone interviews were carried out with 10 newly qualified speech and language therapists. Responses were analysed qualitatively using thematic analysis. Results indicated that participants in this study regard collaborative practice as important for effective practice, particularly for the purpose of delivering intervention. The participants typically described their role as a provider and receiver of information about a child, but only as a provider of skills. This lack of reciprocity may be an additional barrier to effective working relationships with school staff. Participants emphasized the need for better links between theory and practice in the teaching of collaborative practice at university, and were disappointed by the variability of opportunities to experience collaboration on placement. Increasing the value of collaborative practice could be addressed by assessing it in line with more traditional clinical skills. Additionally, engagement with other professionals at university through case-based workshops could ensure that all students have equitable opportunities to experience and develop skills in collaborative practice. This study adds to the literature on barriers to and facilitators of collaborative practice. It also serves as a preliminary study to enrich understanding of the beliefs of newly qualified SLTs regarding the current teaching of collaborative practice and indicate how learning opportunities could be improved.
Esmolol before cardioplegia and as cardioplegia adjuvant reduces cardiac troponin release after cardiac surgery. A randomized trial
Authors: Bignami Elena , Guarnieri Marcello , Franco Annalisa , Gerli Chiara , De Luca Monica , Monaco Fabrizio , Landoni Giovanni , Zangrillo Alberto
Published: December 2016

Background:

Cardioplegic solutions are the standard in myocardial protection during cardiac surgery, since they interrupt the electro-mechanical activity of the heart and protect it from ischemia during aortic cross-clamping. Nevertheless, myocardial damage has a strong clinical impact. We tested the hypothesis that the short-acting beta-blocker esmolol, given immediately before cardiopulmonary bypass and as a cardioplegia additive, would provide an extra protection to myocardial tissue during cardiopulmonary bypass by virtually reducing myocardial activity and, therefore, oxygen consumption to zero.

Materials and methods:

This was a single-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase IV trial. Adult patients undergoing elective valvular and non-valvular cardiac surgery with end diastolic diameter >60 mm and ejection fraction <50% were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either esmolol, 1 mg/kg before aortic cross-clamping and 2 mg/kg with Custodiol® crystalloid cardioplegia or equivolume placebo. The primary end-point was peak postoperative troponin T concentration. Troponin was measured at Intensive Care Unit arrival and at 4, 24 and 48 hours. Secondary endpoints included ventricular fibrillation after cardioplegic arrest, need for inotropic support and intensive care unit and hospital stay.

Results:

We found a reduction in peak postoperative troponin T, from 1195 ng/l (690–2730) in the placebo group to 640 ng/l (544–1174) in the esmolol group (p=0.029) with no differences in Intensive Care Unit stay [3 days (1-6) in the placebo group and 3 days (2-5) in the esmolol group] and hospital stay [7 days (6–10) in the placebo group and 7 days (6–12) in the esmolol group]. Troponin peak occurred at 24 hours for 12 patients (26%) and at 4 hours for the others (74%). There were no differences in other secondary end-points.

Conclusions:

Adding esmolol to the cardioplegia in high-risk patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery reduces peak postoperative troponin levels. Further investigation is necessary to assess esmolol effects on major clinical outcomes.
Binge ethanol drinking during adolescence modifies cocaine responses in mice
Authors: Esteve-Arenys Anna , Gracia-Rubio Irene , Cantacorps Lídia , Pozo Oscar J , Marcos Josep , Rodríguez-Árias Marta , Miñarro José , Valverde Olga
Published: December 2016

Binge ethanol drinking is an emerging pattern of excessive consumption among adolescents and young adults. Repeated ethanol intoxication has negative consequences during critical periods of brain development. Therefore, binge ethanol intake represents a vulnerability factor that promotes subsequent manifestations of neuropsychiatric disorders. In this study, we investigated the effects of oral binge ethanol intake during adolescence on the subsequent effects of cocaine in C57BL/6 mice. Firstly, we evaluated the oral ethanol intake of two binge ethanol procedures with different ethanol concentrations (20% v/v versus 30%, v/v). The highest ethanol intake was found in mice exposed to the lower ethanol concentration (20% v/v). In a second experiment, mice exposed to binge ethanol procedure were evaluated to study the effects of cocaine on locomotor activity, behavioural sensitization, and the reinforcing effects of cocaine in the self-administration paradigm. Mice exposed to ethanol binging showed discrete detrimental effects in responses to cocaine in the different experiments evaluated. Our findings revealed that the pattern of binge ethanol consumption in adolescent mice here evaluated produced a weak facilitation of cocaine responses. The present study highlights the importance of interventions to limit the deleterious effects of binge ethanol drinking during adolescence.
The effects of adolescent methylphenidate exposure on the behavioral and brain-derived neurotrophic factor response to nicotine
Authors: Cummins Elizabeth D , Leedy Kristen K , Dose John M , Peterson Daniel J , Kirby Seth L , Hernandez Liza J , Brown Russell W
Published: December 2016

This study analyzed the interaction of adolescent methylphenidate on the behavioral response to nicotine and the effects of these drug treatments on brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the nucleus accumbens and hippocampus in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were intraperitoneal administered 1 mg/kg methylphenidate or saline using a “school day” regimen (five days on, two days off) beginning on postnatal day (P)28 and throughout behavioral testing. In Experiment 1, animals were intraperitoneal administered 0.5 mg/kg (free base) nicotine or saline every second day for 10 days from P45–P63 and tested after a three-day drug washout on the forced swim stress task on P67–P68. Results revealed that adolescent methylphenidate blunted nicotine behavioral sensitization. However, methylphenidate-treated rats given saline during sensitization demonstrated decreased latency to immobility and increased immobility time on the forced swim stress task in males that was reduced by nicotine. In Experiment 2, a different set of animals were conditioned to nicotine (0.6 mg/kg free base) or saline using the conditioned place preference behavioral paradigm from P44–P51, and given a preference test on P52. On P53, the nucleus accumbens and hippocampus were analyzed for brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Methylphenidate enhanced nicotine-conditioned place preference in females and nicotine produced conditioned place preference in males and females pre-exposed to saline in adolescence. In addition, methylphenidate and nicotine increased nucleus accumbens brain-derived neurotrophic factor in females and methylphenidate enhanced hippocampus brain-derived neurotrophic factor in males and females. Methylphenidate adolescent exposure using a clinically relevant dose and regimen results in changes in the behavioral and brain-derived neurotrophic factor responses to nicotine in adolescence that are sex-dependent.
Long-term predictors of remission in patients treated for medication-overuse headache at a specialized headache center: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Zidverc-Trajkovic Jasna J , Pekmezovic Tatjana , Jovanovic Zagorka , Pavlovic Aleksandra , Mijajlovic Milija , Radojicic Aleksandra , Sternic Nadezda
Published: December 2016

Objective

To evaluate long-term predictors of remission in patients with medication-overuse headache (MOH) by prospective cohort study.

Background

Knowledge regarding long-term predictors of MOH outcome is limited.

Methods

Two hundred and forty MOH patients recruited from 2000 to 2005 were included in a one-year follow-up study and then subsequently followed until 31 December 2013. The median follow-up was three years (interquartile range, three years). Predictive values of selected variables were assessed by the Cox proportional hazard regression model.

Results

At the end of follow-up, 102 (42.5%) patients were in remission. The most important predictors of remission were lower number of headache days per month before the one-year follow-up (HR-hazard ratio = 0.936, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.884–0.990, p = 0.021) and efficient initial drug withdrawal (HR = 0.136, 95% CI 0.042–0.444, p = 0.001). Refractory MOH was observed in seven (2.9%) and MOH relapse in 131 patients (54.6%).

Conclusions

Outcome at the one-year follow-up is a reliable predictor of MOH long-term remission.
Field testing of ICHD-3 beta criteria of periictal headaches in patients with focal epilepsy – a prospective diary study
Authors: Lieba-Samal Doris , Wöber Christian , Waiß Christoph , Kastiunig Theresa , Seidl Matthias , Mahr Nina , Aull-Watschinger Susanne , Pataraia Ekaterina , Seidel Stefan
Published: December 2016

Background

To date we are lacking prospective data for field testing of ICHD-3 beta criteria for periictal headache (PIH).

Methods

Patients with focal epilepsy diagnosed by means of prolonged video-EEG monitoring completed a paper-pencil diary for three months and recorded seizures and headaches on a daily basis. According to ICHD-3 beta, we classified PIH, defined as headache present on a day with at least one seizure, as “7.6 headache related to epileptic seizure”, “7.6.1 hemicrania epileptica” or “7.6.2 postictal headache”. In addition, we compared the ICHD-3 beta diagnoses to the diagnoses according to ICHD-2.

Results

Thirty two patients completed the diary. Data analysis included 2,668 patient days, 300 seizures and 37 episodes of PIH. Two of these episodes (5.4%) were classified as headache related to seizure, three (8.1%) fulfilled both the criteria of headache related to seizure and hemicrania epileptica and four (10.8%) were postictal headaches. Twenty eight episodes (75.7%) did not fulfil any of the ICHD-3 beta criteria of seizure-related headaches, mostly because headache onset was before seizure onset. Applying ICHD-2 criteria allowed only one single episode of PIH to be classified as postictal headache.

Discussion

Our study is the first to present prospective field testing data of the ICHD-3 beta criteria for three types of seizure-related headaches. The majority of PIH episodes do not fulfil any of these criteria. One quarter can be classified according to ICHD-3 beta, whereas purely clinical diagnosis of PIH is markedly restricted in ICHD-2 because of mandatory electroencephalographic evidence.
Social Cognitive Perspective on Factors Influencing Taiwanese Sport Management Students’ Career Intentions
Authors: Chan Chun-Chen , Chen Su-Ching , Lin Yu-Wei , Liao Tsung-Yao , Lin Yu-En
Published: December 2016

Social cognitive career theory (SCCT) was used as a basis for investigating the factors influencing the career intentions of Taiwanese sports management students. Participants ( N = 696) completed measures gauging social support, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, career interests, and career intentions. The results of a path analysis supported SCCT, indicating that self-efficacy contributed to career interests, outcome expectations, and career intentions. Social support was related to self-efficacy, and outcome expectations were related to career interests. However, the results did not support the hypotheses that social support and outcome expectations contribute to career intentions. The practical implications of these findings for counseling Taiwanese sports management students are presented.
Social Support and Occupational Engagement Among Korean Undergraduates
Authors: Kim Na-Rae , Kim Haram J. , Lee Ki-Hak
Published: December 2016

Career paths are no longer linear or predictable due to the instability and dynamic changes occurring in the work environment. Career researchers have acknowledged this trend and emphasized the significance of individuals’ actual behaviors in career development. Occupational engagement is an essential behavior that leads to successful and satisfactory career development in college students. The current study examined the mediating and moderating roles of work volition in the relationship between social support and occupational engagement. A total of 233 (80 males, 153 females) Korean undergraduates participated in the survey. The results were as follows: Work volition partially mediated the positive relationship between social support and occupational engagement. That is, people who felt they had higher social support reported more work volition, which in turn resulted in more active participation in occupational engagement. Also, the moderation effect of work volition was found between social support and occupational engagement. Thus, the influence of social support on occupational engagement was greater for those with an average or above level of work volition. The results showed that environmental social support and individual work volition are vital factors in improving occupational engagement. The implications and suggestions for practical uses and future research were suggested.
Hong Kong creative workers in mainland China: The aspirational, the precarious, and the ethical
Authors: Chow Yiu Fai
Published: December 2016

China took up the discourses and agenda of creative industries increasingly in the first post-millennium decade. Amidst the attempt to turn from ‘made in China’ to ‘created in China’, would the translation of the creativity discourse usher in a better society in China? This article serves as one of the probing steps to ascertain what creativity enables and disables in China. I do so in an inquiry that departs from existing scholarship on two aspects. First, it follows a regional, cross-border labour flow. Second, it focuses on the people in the frontline of creative work. My study draws on the experiences of 12 Hong Kong creative workers who moved to Shanghai and Beijing. Their translocal and transcultural encounters allowed me to trace and foreground the particularities of creative practices in China. Like many fellow creative workers, my informants moved north to pursue better career opportunities. But they also wanted to do something more. Some of them managed to do so. At the same time, their stories were punctuated with disappointments, frustrations and continuous adjustments, categorized into what I call the precarious and the ethical. The findings of this inquiry pose questions on the hypothesis, the hype and the hope of creativity in China.