bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BUILDING CHARACTER THROUGH THE TAHFIDZ PROGRAM IN SD IT AR-RAHMAN
Authors: Imam Tabroni  , Cici Supiah  , M. Amirudin  , Siti Patimah
Published: May 2022

The purpose of study to determine how the implementation of character education through the tahfidz in SD IT Ar-Rahman Purwakarta. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation. The data analysis technique in this research in through data reduction, data presentation and data verification. The result of the study illustrates that: 1) The implementation of character education through the tahfidz program is carried out through exemplary principles through the drill method (repetition of readings), through habituation, through motivation, and good communication. 2) The forms of character developed tn the tahfidz program through the materials and methods of the tahfidz program in growing students awareness of the umportance of reading, memorizing, and practicing the Al-Qur'an in life. The obstacles faced by teachers in implementing character education include the lack of parental roles in monitoring the development of students and the lack of effectivenes in learning the tahfidz program. While the effort to overcome the obstacles and by teachers in implementing education is to provide motivation. Application of various methods and make student “Linking Book” effective.
FAMILY ECONOMIC LEVEL AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ISLAMIC BASIC EDUCATION IN AL-HUSNA PRINCESS DORMS
Authors: Imam Tabroni  , Ade Halimah  , Taufik Ilham  , Lida Trixivania
Published: May 2022

This research was conducted to determine how big the relationship between the role of the family in providing Islamic education to children's abilities and to find out how big the ability of parents to provide basic Islamic education to their children. The method used in this research is to use quantitative methods using a correlation approach. We took samples from the parents of the students of the Al-Husna female dormitory. The results of this study state that there is a correlation between the ability of families to basic Islamic education in children. This is based on the calculation of r + 0.611 which is then consulted with the price of "r" tanel with N = 25 and a significance level of 1% = 0.505, thus 0.611> 0.505 , so it is accepted while H is rejected. And if interpreted on the correlation index "r" momentct product, then 0.611 is between 0.40-0.70, which means there is a moderate or moderate relationship between the family's ability to basic Islamic education in children.
Manajemen Pengelolaan Dana Pada Tabungan Umum di BMT (Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil) UGT (Usaha Gabungan Terpadu) Sidogiri Cabanag Denpasar
Authors: Iwan Budi Setya Alamsyah  , Kurniawati Kurniawati  , R. Agrosamdhyo
Published: May 2022

Dalam manajemen pengelolaan produk tabungan umum Syariah penarikan dan penyetoran bisa dilakukan sesuai kebutuhan anggota, sedangkan prinsip dasar dari manajemen pengelolaan yang diterapkan di BMT UGT Sidogiri Cabang Denpasar memberikan pemahaman kepada nasabah. Fokus penelitian ini: 1. Bagaimana perencanaan manajemen dana pada produk tabungan umum di BMT UGT Sidogiri Cabang Denpasar? 2. Bagaimana organisasi manajemen dana pada produk tabungan umum di BMT UGT Sidogiri Cabang Denpasar? 3. Bagaimana pelaksanaan manajemen dana pada produk tabungan umum di BMT UGT Sidogiri Cabang Denpasar? 4. Bagaimana pengawasan manajemen dana pada produk tabungan umum di BMT UGT Sidogiri Cabang Denpasar?. Tujuan penelitian ini: 1. Untuk mengetahui perencanaan pada produk tabungan umum di BMT UGT Sidogiri Cabang Denpasar. 2. Untuk mengetahui pengorganisasian pada pengelolaan dana terhadap tabungan umum di BMT UGT Sidogiri Cabang Denpasar. 3. Untuk mengetahuan pelaksanaan pengelolaan dana terhadap tabungan umum di BMT UGT Sidogiri Cabang Denpasar. 4. Untuk mengetahui pengawasan pengelolaan terhadap tabungan umum di BMT UGT Sidogiri Cabang Denpasar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif, teknik pengumpulan data wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi, teknik keabsahan, triangulasi, teknik analisis data, penyajian, reduksi, pengambilan kesimpulan. hasil penelitian ini 1) Perencanaan pengelolaan dana sudah sesuai yaitu menerapkan perencanaan strategis, perencanaan taktis, dan perencanaan operasional. 2) Pengorganisasian pengelolaan dana tabungan umum di BMT UGT Sidogiri yang melakukan penarikan tabungan. 3) Pelaksanaan memiliki kesenjangan terkait pengalokasian dana tabungan umum tidak menggunakan skala prioritas akan tetapi berdasarkan pembiayaan pada produk yang produktif. 4) Pengawasan juga sudah sesuai dengan menerapkan evaluasi rutin lalu memberikan reward dan punishment.
Pemasaran Digital dalam Lembaga Filantropi Islam (Studi Kasus Dompet Sosial Madani Bali)
Authors: R. Agrosamdhyo
Published: May 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pemasaran digital hasil pendanaan di Lembaga Filantropi Islam (Studi Kasus Dompet Sosial Bali Madani). Penelitian ini menggunakan sistem SPSS 24 dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan  observasi, penyebaran kuesioner, dan  validasi data. Populasi  penelitian ini adalah Muzakki dan para donatur dari Lembaga Amil Zakat Dompet Sosial Madani Bali, dan saat ini sampel penelitian menggunakan metode Slobin sebanyak 66 orang. Dari hasil survei, kami menemukan hal berikut. Pemasaran digital memberikan dampak positif dan signifikan terhadap hasil pendanaan NIS di LAZ Dompet Sosial Madani Bali.  ZIS Funding Officer LAZ Dompet Sosial Madani Bali akan dengan baik dan tepat meningkatkan perolehan produk layanan baik offline maupun online sehingga nantinya Muzakki dan donatur dapat memahami tujuan penggalangan dana ZIS.
KONSEP MOTIVASI DASAR, MOTIVASI KERJA DALAM PENDIDIKAN DI MADRASAH ALIYAH SUNAN KALIJAGA
Authors: Sony Eko Adisaputro
Published: May 2022

Motivation is the most basic factor in educational institutions to mobilize the potential of human resources to foster enthusiasm in working with organizational goals. The second factor is the leader as a leader who is able to mobilize human resources. Sensitivity leaders are expected to understand the nature and human needs. The hierarchy of human needs is expected to be another consideration in motivating staff, teachers (ustadz) or employees. Five things human needs that need to be considered are: physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization needs. If a leader puts forward human values ​​in motivating his subordinates, then productivity and success can be realized in the institution or agency he leads.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA EMOTIONAL QUOTIENT DENGAN KENAKALAN REMAJA PADA SISWA KELAS XI DI SMK NEGERI 1 NGANJUK
Authors: Dain Wahid  , Imam Rosidi  , Alfin Yuli Dianto
Published: May 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk mengetahui seberapa tinggi tingkat emotional quotient  siswa kelas XI di SMK Negeri 1 Nganjuk, (2) untuk mengetahui seberapa tinggi tingkat kenakalan remaja pada siswa kelas XI di SMK Negeri 1 Nganjuk, (3) untuk mengetahui adakah hubungan antara emotional quotient  dengan kenakalan remaja siswa kelas XI di SMK Negeri 1 Nganjuk. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik korelasi. Penelitian korelasi adalah suatu penelitian yang melibatkan tindakan pengumpulan data guna menentukan apakah ada hubungan dan tingkat hubungan antara dua variabel atau lebih. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif. Dalam hal ini menunjukkan bahwa emotional quotient  mempengaruhi pembentukan kenakalan remaja. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) hasil analisis aspek emotional quotient  dalam kategori tinggi yaitu 19 responden sebanyak 47%. (2) hasil analisis aspek kenakalan remaja dalam kategori rendah yaitu 20 responden sebanyak 50%. (3) hasil korelasi menunjukkan adanya hubungan negatif antara emotional quotient  dengan kenakalan remaja dengan nilai koefisien korelasi -325 dan p=0,000 < 0,05. Artinya semakin tinggi emotional quotient  maka semakin rendah kenakalan remaja
HUBUNGAN SIMTRIS DAN ASIMETRIS VARIABEL KEDISIPLINAN TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA RS. IBNU SINA YBW UMI MAKASSAR
Authors: Megawhati Artiyany
Published: May 2022

This research aims to find out the influence of discipline on employee performance in hospitals. Ibn Sina YBW Umi Makassar. The type of data used is qualitative and quantitative data, then the data source used, namely primary data and secondary data. The collected data is analyzed in a scriptive manner, meaning that the data obtained in the field is processed in such a way that it provides a systematic understanding, then statistical calculations are held with simple regression analysis, coefisen correlation coefficient of determination (r) and t-test, From the results of calculations obtained values of y = 17.51 + 0.63 x, while the value of correlation coefficient (r) of 0.527 and coefficient of determination (r2) of 27.77% and the remaining 22.23%  It is influenced by other factors that were not studied. While the results of the distribution are: t (t-table) = 2,034, from the calculation of the distribution t (thitung) = 3,562, so that it can be known t (thitung) > t table (3,562 > 2,034, so that Ha received and rejected H0, which means, discipline has a significant positive effect on employee performance in hospital. Ibn Sina YBW UMI Makassar.
2012 WVAS abstracts
Authors: Horzempa Joseph
Published: May 2022

Abstracts for the 2012 WVAS meeting
2014 Abstracts
Authors: Horzempa Joseph
Published: May 2022

All abstracts for the 2014 WVAS Meeting
Identifying farmland of local importance in Berkeley and Jefferson Counties
Authors: Harman Michael
Published: May 2022

The determination of farmland of local importance is a critical component in protecting local agricultural land. However, the initial responsibility for identifying this land falls upon local units of government which are given limited guidance, direction, and support. As such, this can be a highly subjective process. The objective of this study was to apply a previously-described approach to systematically identify potential farmland of local importance in Berkeley and Jefferson Counties of West Virginia, thus facilitating a more informed and less subjective determination. To this end, this study examined definitions of other important soils, developed local criteria based on our specific regional agricultural community, and used a geographic information system (GIS) to identify potential farmland of local importance. Three map units in each county were identified for further consideration. Following a closer examination of their extents, descriptions, and patterns of use, the appropriate local unit of government was provided with the rationale for considering these soils. With this information, the local unit of government was then able to evaluate the data objectively and make a more informed, less subjective decision about potential soil map units of local importance in Berkeley and Jefferson Counties.
Formation of a langmuir monolayer by a non-polar hydrocarbon chain molecule H(CH2)29H.
Authors: Smith Michael DC , Simms Gerren D , Li Mengyang
Published: May 2022

Traditionally Langmuir monolayers and lipids bilayers (including cell membranes) on water interfaces are made of amphiphilic molecules with both polar hydrophilic and non-polar hydrophobic parts. It has been discovered that non-polar hydrocarbon chain molecules without the polar hydrophilic part, form Langmuir monolayers on water when the chain molecule has more than 30 carbon atoms, and form multilayers on water when the chain molecule has 30 or fewer carbon atoms. Here we report the surface pressure vs. area isotherm measurements of the H(CH2)29H film on water, which show the film’s maximum compression modulus (greatest resistance to lateral compression) at about 19 Å2/molecule, independent of the compression rate, like the Langmuir monolayers of long chain saturated fatty acids do. The cross-section area of the hydrocarbon chain is about 19 Å2. Our measurements indicate the formation of a Langmuir monolayer by H(CH2)29H, a non-polar hydrocarbon chain molecule with fewer than 30 carbon atoms. The mechanical properties of this new Langmuir monolayer are compared with the known Langmuir monolayers of the chain molecules with more than 30 carbon atoms.
Determination of the better casting material for shoe impression analysis.
Authors: Stolins Khrysten , Flood Mark
Published: May 2022

In forensic science there is a need to use casting material to lift shoe impressions from certain areas of the ground for criminal cases. The objective of this experiment was to determine which casting material would give the mold better details of the shoe impression. Nucast180, EnvironMold Liquid Latex mold making rubber, and Shake-N-Cast pouch were utilize during this experiment to determine which one could create a better mold. One of the casting materials consisted of liquid latex and the other two casting material consisted of gypsum. As of now the Shake-N-Cast pouch has produced the better mold of the shoe impression. The Shake-N-Cast pouch was user friendly, the instructions were easy to follow along with, and the hardening process only took a few minutes compared to the others. This experiment was important because crime scene investigators will be able to utilize this information to obtain greater impression details from shoe prints.
Profiling the genomic response to rapid alkalinization factor (ralf), a peptide growth factor, in Arabidopsis.
Authors: Gilkerson Jonathan , Chory Joanne
Published: May 2022

In plants, a number of small, chemical molecules, known as phytohormones, modulate growth. In the past decade, however, peptide hormones have been identified as playing essential roles in plant growth and development and evidence gathered from a number of plant species has indicated that a family of small peptide hormones termed Rapid Alkalinization Factors (RALFs) are important regulators of growth. RALFs appear to cause an alkalinization of the cell wall, inhibiting cell elongation and thus growth. Overexpression of RALFs results in semi-dwarfism, and ectopic treatment of seedlings with recombinant RALF peptide causes growth arrest. The goal of this project is to understand molecular mechanisms by which RALFs antagonize plant growth using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model. To this end we have performed an analysis of global gene expression over a 24-hour time-course on RALF treated seedlings, and conducted a forward genetics screen for RALF resistant seedlings. Analysis revealed over 4000 thousand genes whose expression changes over this time-course, and most of these changes were transient with only 409 genes with significant changes 24 hours after treatment. Cluster analysis illustrated distinct temporal patterns of expression, and gene ontology analysis of these clusters made apparent distinct biological processes affected by RALF treatment including ROS, Ca2+, ion movement, plastid and protein metabolism, and immunity.Additionally, many of the mutants recovered from the screen, have reduced induction of RALF-induced genes, and positional cloning of these mutants should help elucidate the molecular mechanisms of this growth factor.
A study to develop methods for the use of spheroidal three-dimensional cell culture to assess the effects of paclitaxel on the human breast cancer cell line hs578t.
Authors: Warburton Robert , Shajimon Shelby , Wilson Danica , Wang Qing
Published: May 2022

Paclitaxel, a natural lipophilic diterpenoid, is currently used in chemotherapy for treatment of some cancers. Paclitaxel acts by blocking the cell cycle at the G1 and M phases and prompts apoptosis. Previously reported studies (Fowler, et al., 2000; McCloskey, et al., 1996) showed that paclitaxel is effective in the treatment of breast cancer and can mediate growth-inhibitory impact of anti-proliferative agents. In our current project we are determining methods to develop and apply 3-dimensional spheroidal cell cultures of the human breast cancer cell line, Hs578T, as a means to investigate the effects of paclitaxel on Hs578T. These methods will be utilized to study, over time, cell viability and morphology in an attempt to more closely mimic in vivo cancer growth under in vitro conditions (Morales & Alpaugh, 2009).(Supported by NIH Grant P20GM103434 to the West Virginia IDeA Network for Biomedical Research Excellence and from the West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission Division of Science and Research SURE Grant Program.)
The effects of ldb1 dosage on the expression of dll1 and histology in the developing vertebrate eye.
Authors: Williams Hannah C. , Plautz Carol Z.
Published: May 2022

Ldb1 is a relatively new gene is the realm of eye development. Its role as a transcriptional cofactor is well-known, but its targets and direct effects on the developing optic cup, retina, and lens are still to be understood. This project uses Xenopus laevis as a model system of the vertebrate eye in studying the effects of knocking down or overexpressing the active truncation of the ldb1 gene to the eye. Ldb1 RNA or morpholino oligonucleotide, together with fluorescein dextran (FLDX), was microinjected into one dorsal cell at the 4-cell or 8-cell embryonic stages. This allows for an internally controlled mechanism of tracking the injection among the two sides of the embryos’ developing heads.In situ hybridization and histological sectioning was used to visualize the effects of the ldb1 manipulation on dll1, a candidate target of ldb1, and the structures of the eye. In preliminary results, dll1 expression in both the retina and neural tube of Stage 28-30 embryos appears to show a shift in expression in the injected areas. Altering the levels of ldb1 in the dorsal, animal hemisphere of the embryo appears to affect normal eye development; increase in ldb1 dosage appears to result in advanced eye development and an increase in neural tube and retinal dll1 expression. Further results of dll1 expression in ectoderm explanted from ldb1 RNA-injected zygotes will also give insight specifically to confirm the suggestion that dll1 is a possible direct target of ldb1 in the developing embryo.
Effects of audio and visual priming on prosocial behavior.
Authors: Wilson Tiffanie , Fletcher Tifani
Published: May 2022

Priming may be a means to increase prosocial behavior, and past research suggests that individuals with higher levels of altruistic beliefs may be more susceptible to different forms of priming. The extent and circumstances in which priming influences prosocial behaviors are not well understood. We expanded upon a previous successful conceptual replication of Howard, Nelson, and Sleigh (2011), in which prosocial behavior was not influenced by a written priming exercise or altruism beliefs. The current study attempted to further examine if altering the presentation format of the priming condition to a visual/audio example would alter prosocial behaviors. A brief video/audio clip was created for each of the four priming conditions (needed help, received help, gave help, and control) using a car with a flat tire scenario. After watching one of the four videos, participants were presented with a request to perform a prosocial altruistic behavior. Results from 164 participants indicated no significant findings regarding the influences of visual/audio priming, and altruism belief scores on prosocial behavior, χ2(3, n=155)=6.48, p=.09, and F(3, 149)= 0.39, p=.376, respectively. Therefore using a brief written or visual/audio priming activity did not influence prosocial behaviors, and altruism belief scores were not indicative of the likelihood of prosocial behavior. Overall, women were significantly more likely than men to offer assistance, and interestingly, empathy scores, but not altruism belief scores, were related to prosocial behavior. Future research should further elucidate if, and how, other activities could influence prosocial behaviors.
Effects of manganese exposure on crayfish motility.
Authors: Zeid Dana , Bias Allyson , Antonsen Brian
Published: May 2022

Manganese (Mn) is a metal ion that is essential for healthy brain functioning at low levels (Quintanar, 2008). However, excessive exposure to Mn can lead to manganism — a neurodegenerative disease that manifests in Parkinsonian symptoms. High levels of Mn are found in hazardous occupational environments, especially in the mining and welding industries. In addition to the Parkinsonian symptoms associated with exposure to high levels of Mn, low to moderate Mn exposure has been linked with subtle impairments, such as hyperactivity and decreased cognitive abilities (Neal and Zheng, 2015). These low to moderate exposures can occur due to unregulated Mn levels in public tap water, which is especially prone to infiltration of neurotoxic chemicals in regions with high levels of mining activity (Quintanar, 2008). It was hypothesized that low to moderate Mn exposure in crayfish would be associated with altered motility in a T-maze. Crayfish exposed to varying levels of Mn were tested in a two-arm T-maze with a lighted arm and a dark arm. Movements and behavior were analyzed with video tracking software EthoVision XT 11. Behaviors of interest, including place preference to maze zones, choice behaviors, and general activity levels were recorded. We expect that Mn exposure will be associated with significant deficits in crayfish motility, which can be inferred to affect decision-making and risk-taking behaviors.
Is the water quality of local streams affected by marcellus shale drilling?
Authors: Feather Jessie , Groves Tyler , Yeager Phil , Flood Mark
Published: May 2022

Throughout recent years, the water quality near Marcellus Shale drill sites has been questioned. The hypothesis of the experiment was that the surface water quality would be negatively affected by Marcellus Shale Drilling. The abiotic properties tested were pH, turbidity,% total dissolved solids, conductivity, and redox potential for above and below the drilling sites for all the creeks. Benthic macroinvertebrates from each sight were collected from each site to draw comparisons, and Daphnia magna were exposed to water samples obtained from each one of the stream locations. A fecal coliform test was also administered for each water sample. The results of the water quality test were obtained from the above sites and compared to the corresponding below sites. Some conclusive results were obtained from the daphnia magna exposure test when the Daphnia magna placed in the water obtained from the cherry camp road below site had a much less survival rate than the water fleas exposed to the same creek water above the drilling site as did both Franks Run locations. Even though some locations showed negative effects, the results obtained did not allow a strict conclusion to be drawn in regards to whether or not all drill sites were detrimental to the quality of the surface water in the Harrison, Wetzel, and Doddridge County areas due to variation.
Preparation of polyacrylic acid (paa) films on porous silicon for drug storage/release applications.
Authors: Hakey Thomas Mark , Wovchko Edward A
Published: May 2022

Recent developments in controlled drug delivery technology has benefitted modern medicine by providing patients with efficient, noninvasive methods that enhance the action of drugs, reduce dosing frequency, and decrease adverse side-effects. Porous silicon (pSi) is an interesting platform from which drug delivery devices can be built because it is nontoxic, biodegradable, and can be prepared to have high surface area ratios for drug loading. In this work, porous silicon materials were prepared using an electrochemical etching method.Samples were characterized using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Caffeine was selected as test drug for capture, storage, and release in pSi. To protect the drug from the external environment and enable its release a pH responsive polyacrylic acid (PAA) film was prepared on the pSi surface through a multistep process using (3- aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), α-bromoisobutyryl bromide (BIBB), and acrylic acid. FTIR spectra and AFM images acquired throughout the deposition process will be presented.
Preparation and characterization of a TiO2-cis photocatalyst for CO2 reduction and utilization.
Authors: Feury Jeremy A , Wovchko Edward A
Published: May 2022

With the overabundance of detrimental gases in the atmosphere such as carbon dioxide, efforts are being made to not only remove them but to utilize them in artificial photosynthetic pathways. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are well-known photocatalytic materials for water splitting and CO2 reduction. By introducing semiconductor nanocrystals, the electronic structure of the TiO2 may be altered to improve efficiency and selectivity for synthetic routes. Wet chemistry and inert atmospheric methods were used to synthesize copper indium sulfide (CIS) quantum dots and TiO2 nanomaterials. Characterization results from UV-Vis, fluorescence, and infrared spectroscopy will be presented. A vacuum system, high power arc lamp, and infrared spectroscopy were employed to investigate potential photosynthesis using the TiO2-CIS in the presence of CO2 gas and H2O vapor.  Results from these experiments will be provided.
Synthesis of rhodium(iii) complexes for reductive functionalization studies.
Authors: Burdette Dakota , Webb Joanna
Published: May 2022

The partial oxidation of hydrocarbons into alcohols is an economically attractive reaction for the production of commercial chemicals and fuels. This reaction is particularly intriguing in an area like West Virginia where more efficient use of natural gas would be desirable. However, developing a catalytic system capable of inserting an oxygen-atom into a C–H bond without over-oxidation is a substantial challenge. Most catalytic systems that have been reported to mediate hydrocarbon oxy-functionalization are based on platinum. These systems proceed by an initial C–H activation step followed by a reductive functionalization to yield the partially oxidized product. One possible approach to improve catalytic reactivity is to investigate transition metals that are less electrophilic than platinum, such as rhodium. While many rhodium systems have been reported to facilitate C–H activation, there is a relative dearth of complexes capable of reductive functionalization without the use of strong nucleophiles. To this end, synthesis of a series of Rh(III) complexes bearing a nitrogen-based ligand, pip2NNN [pip2NNN = 2,6-bis(piperidylmethyl)pyridine], that should not be susceptible to oxidation is currently underway. The previously reported pip2NNN ligand has been synthesized and reacted with a rhodium starting material to produce the new (pip2NNN)Rh(Cl) complex. Oxidation of this Rh(I) complex to Rh(III) using CH3X [X = Cl, I, trifluoroacetate (TFA)] is ongoing in order to probe reductive functionalization reactivity.
Species-specific courtship calls of the Aleuropoda insignis, the madagascan flat-horned whistling cockroach.
Authors: Comer Brooke , Conley Ruth A
Published: May 2022

The Madagascan Flat-Horned Whistling Cockroach, Aeluropoda insignis, is one of several species within Tribe Gromphadorhinini that uses acoustic vocalizations during courtship behavior (Brown, Robinson and Conley, 2015). Previous research showed some males had more complex song features, possibly attributed to diet or to listening to other species housed in adjacent cages. For this study, male and female A.insignis were isolated from other roach species as young nymphs (before 7 days old) to prevent their development from being influenced by other species. Previous researchers categorized syllables by different visual characteristics on spectrograms (Brown, Robinson and Conley, 2015) and signal characteristics (Kenneh and Conley, 2013). In these & other preliminary studies, successful courtship occurred only twice and some songs seemed to be organized into motifs. Courtship songs reported in the literature for other species (Grophadorhina portentosa and Eliptorhina chopardi) did not show the same variability.The recordings for this experiment show repeatable patterns with individual differences in song characteristics for songs preceding successful courtship in over 10 males. These males seemed to sing more to smaller females with comparatively long antenna and small abdomen. Some previously observed syllables were not observed in this study, presumably due to species isolation. This suggests that these cockroaches are influenced by the presence of other species’ songs, as has been observed in several species of birds.
A high throughput screen of a natural product library for the discovery of novel antibiotics that target Enterococcus faecalis.
Authors: Clark Emily , Schmitt Deanna , Horzempa Joseph
Published: May 2022

Antibiotic resistance is a natural phenomenon that serves as a threat to public health. The investigation and discovery of novel antibiotic compounds is essential for battling the trend of decreasing antibiotic efficacy. The National Center for Natural Products Research (NCNPR) has assembled a library of organic compounds derived from plants, fungi, marine, and algae species with potential antibacterial properties. In partnership with NCNPR, we have developed a rapid and effective method for screening large quantities of organic compounds for antibacterial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis. E. faecalis is a gram positive opportunistic pathogen responsible for various hospital acquired infections. To identify extracts that were inhibitory against E. faecalis, bacteria were inoculated into 96-well plates containing liquid growth medium. A small volume of each compound was added to a corresponding well in the 96-well plate. After 24 hour incubation at 37o C, bacteria growth was measured using a plate reader.Wells lacking treatment or containing antibiotics recognized as inhibitors of E. faecalis were used to identify normal or inhibited growth levels correspondingly. Compounds are currently being evaluated for their ability to inhibit bacterial growth. Further investigations will involve the characterization and a detailed analysis of the antimicrobial efficacy of these compounds.
Survey of microbial community in the gut of three healthy and one celiac individuals.
Authors: Lau Evan , Kinker Marcus , Dillard Zachary , Lukich Daniel , Yauch Katyln , Mihalik Nicole , Nolan Edward
Published: May 2022

The human microbiome is composed of the symbiotic, commensalistic, and pathogenic bacteria that live on and in different sites of the human body. Recent studies on the human microbiome has provided insights into its implications for human health and physiology. Several recent studies have examined the relationship between human behavior (such has diet) on the microbiome. Other studies have tried to discern the association between human genome and microbiome on human health, focusing on conditions such as Irritable Bowel Disease and Celiac Disease, diet and gut microbiome. In this study, DNA samples were extracted from fecal samples of three healthy individuals and one with Celiac Disease. Microbial diversity and abundance was analyzed using multiplex sequencing targeting the V4-V5 region of the 16S rDNA gene. Bioinformatics analysis of the gut microbial community of the three individuals were determined to genus level taxonomic distinction. Further phylogenetic and statistical analyses of selected show similarities and differences between the microbiota of Celiac and non-Celiac subjects.
The effects of Roundup and its constituents on steroid hormone levels in the snail Lymnaea palustris.
Authors: Phillips Preetha S , Arumuganathan Priya , Nolan Colleen J , Plautz Carol Z
Published: May 2022

Roundup, a commonly used herbicide, has been shown to have adverse effects on different non-target organisms, particularly on reproduction and development. Roundup has been demonstrated to affect the steroidogenic pathway, specifically the rate-limiting step in steroidogenesis, steroid acute regulatory protein (StAR). Previous research in snails demonstrated significant reduction in fecundity and increase in developmental abnormalities as a result of exposure to Roundup; preliminary results also suggested that Roundup impacted the production of steroid hormones derived from cholesterol, including the sex hormones. The present study aimed to determine a possible target in this pathway in order to understand the mechanism of disruption by the chemicals. This was done by treating Lymnaea palustris, an aquatic snail, with Roundup or its constituents (POEA, glyphosate, and diquat dibromide) for six weeks. Cortisol, testosterone and estradiol levels in the hemolymph were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.Throughout the six-week treatment period there was a significant decrease in reproduction among the snails in all treatment groups. The snails treated with complete Roundup and diquat dibromide showed significant decreases in both testosterone and estradiol levels. These could be related to the decrease in StAR activity (leading to less overall material for steroid hormone production), or possibly a disruption in aromatase activity. Snails treated with glyphosate exhibited a significant decrease in testosterone, significant increase in cortisol, and a notable increase in estradiol; these results suggest a shift in the steroidogenic pathway to produce more stress hormone at the expense of steroid sex hormones.
Ecology of ammonium oxidizing and nitrite oxidizing microorganisms in namibian coastal upwelling zone at different depths.
Authors: Lau Evan , Frame Caitlin , Nolan Edward , Dillard Zachary , Kinker Marcus , Lukich Daniel , Mihalik Nicole , Yauch Katelyn , Waychoff Samantha
Published: May 2022

The upwelling of nutrient-rich South Atlantic waters (as part of the Benguela current) along the Namibian coast sustains some of the highest rates of primary production in oceans, which involves important steps in the Nitrogen cycle. However, the ecology of nitrifying microbes in this ecosystem is not well-studied.Using deep multiplex sequencing of (250bp) 16S rRNA amplicons, complemented by salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR), fluorescence and N2O isotope concentration measurements, we profiled the microbiota at 10m, 25m, 100m, 130m, and 250m depths. We assessed the diversity and abundance of Ammonia oxidizing Archaea (AOA), Ammonia oxidizing Bacteria (AOB), and nitrite oxidizing Bacteria (NOB), which oxidize ammonium (NH4+) or ammonia (NH3) to nitrite (NO2-), and nitrite to nitrate (NO3-). Our data indicate that the AOA or anammox (anaerobic oxidation of ammonium by Archaeal ammonia oxidizing microbes) are the dominant nitrifying microbes at 25m and below, where dissolved oxygen levels in the upwelling seawater becomes depleted. Their abundances and diversity far exceed that of other nitrifying bacteria. This study supports previous reports on the abundance of anammox cells, and biomarker lipids that indicate that anammox bacteria are responsible for significant losses of fixed nitrogen in this ecosystem, as well as other oxygen- depleted upwelling seawaters.
Breast Cancer and the Environment: Which Genes Are Important?
Authors: Salisbury Travis
Published: May 2022

Environmental factors, such as exposures to pollutants, are believed to play a role in many cases of breast cancer; however it is not clear how this mediated. Dioxins are among the most stable and widespread pollutants in the environment, and they are produced as by-products of industry and municipal waste incineration. Dioxins have been implicated in breast cancer, but mechanisms by which this occurs in unclear. We hypothesize that dioxins link to breast cancer is mediated through changes in gene expression, and our primary objective is to identify dioxin-regulated cancer genes using genomics. RNA-Sequencing analysis revealed that dioxin regulated the expression of over 600 genes in MCF-7 breast cancer cells (BCCs).Bioinformatics Pathway Analysis revealed that dioxin regulated genes (DRGs) were most highly associated with the cancer and cancer-associated pathways including cell growth and proliferation and molecular transport. Further analysis identified LAT1, an amino acid transporter that is overexpressed in breast cancer, as a primary gene target of dioxin. Short interfering RNA (siRNA)-directed knockdown of the dioxin receptor, AHR, confirmed dioxin-stimulated increases in LAT1 expression required AHR. Upregulation of LAT1 by TCDD coincided with increases in leucine uptake by MCF-7 cells. In MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, LAT1 expression was reduced in response to knockdown of AHR expression.Gene knockdown experiments demonstrated that proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 BCCs is dependent on both LAT1 and AHR. Collectively, these findings confirm the dependence of cancer cells on leucine uptake and establish a mechanism for regulation of LAT1 by dioxin.
Effects of acid mine drainage on plant community structure in the central appalachian mountains.
Authors: Clark Kyle , Lesser Mark
Published: May 2022

Acid mine drainage, also known as acid rock drainage, is one of the major environmental complications in West Virginia. Acid mine drainage is when abandoned mines leak heavy metals into streams and rivers. Acid mine drainage also leaches into the groundwater, which in turn may have implications on plant community composition and health. An abandoned mine field site in West Virginia is being identified and all necessary permissions to conduct research at the site are being obtained. Field work will consist of laying out multiple transects radiating outwards from the abandoned mine site. Along each transect plots will be established in which all plants will be tallied and soil properties such as pH and iron levels will be measured.Measures of species composition, diversity, and richness will be calculated and modelled against soil properties. We will also measure functional traits of select acid intolerant species along the gradient to assess within species differences in performance.We hypothesize that along a gradient of acid mine drainage contamination contamination will decline (pH will rise, iron toxicity will decrease) with distance from mine. We hypothesize that the effects of groundwater contamination will have a negative impact on community composition, diversity, and within species performance. Community composition is predicted to shift from dominance of low pH tolerant species to less tolerant species, and within species performance is expected to rise with distance from mine. Understanding community and individual species responses to soil contamination is critical for reclamation and management efforts.
Comparison of 2011 – 2015 average daily/monthly temperatures in Charleston, WV, to 30 year norms (1981 – 2010): evidence for warming/climate change?
Authors: Spencer James L
Published: May 2022

Climate change is a contentious subject to many. Despite its overwhelming support by climatologists, many challenge its impact, source, or even existence. These doubts may stem from insufficient knowledge about climate and statistics, lack of appreciation for how small temperature changes can have global environmental impacts, or simple resistance to change. Additionally, many erroneously equate their local weather with conditions world – wide. As such, studying regional conditions for evidence of change might have greater psychological impact to the average individual. Accordingly, daily and monthly temperature averages for Charleston, WV, for the period 2011 – 2015 were compared to their immediately prior 30 year standards. Sample size differences between the measurements limited detailed statistical investigations. Daily temperatures in Charleston per calendar year are sinusoidal, with maximums and minimums in late July and late January respectively; winter temperatures vary more than summer. Three of the recent years were warmer than average, two cooler. There were three notable outliers for monthly average (+/- 10º F. or more) during the examined period: February, 2014 (below), March 2012, and December, 2015 (both above). Sixty - nine of the 120 monthly average high/low temperatures for 2011 - 2015 were above normal, 51 below. Overall, average temperatures for the past five years have increased by ¾ º F. relative to 1981 – 2010 norms, with nearly 90% of that difference attributable to higher daily maximums; minimums changed very little. While conclusions remain tentative, temperature change was in the predicted direction, and consistent with other investigations of this type.
A Scary Animal in a Risky Landscape.
Authors: Waldron Jayme L , Welch Shane M , Holloway John
Published: May 2022

Negative human wildlife interactions are often contingent on a species’ spatial ecology and habitat use. Interaction outcomes can contribute to species imperilment and are exacerbated when the wildlife species suffers human persecution. Wildlife species that incorporate the spatial signatures of human activity into their landscape can avoid human contact and thus reduce their risk exposure. We used radio telemetry data collected between 2008 and 2015 to examine movements (e.g., habitat use and range fidelity) of an eastern diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus; EDB) population located in coastal Beaufort County, South Carolina. We used LoCoH to estimate home ranges and a landscape classification that included anthropogenic activity-based patches to incorporate risk exposure to humans into EDB spatial ecology. Our observations of home-range size and configuration suggest that EDBs restrict their habitat use to areas with low human activity and actively avoid areas that increase exposure to risks. Specifically, EDBs avoided areas that, 1) lacked vegetative ground cover (avoidance of mowed, open spaces), 2) had high human activity, and 3) high vehicular traffic volume. The results of this study suggest that, within an anthropogenic landscape, EDBs incorporate risk into their spatial ecology. This information will aid efforts by natural resources personnel to monitor the EDB population and take preventative measures to reduce human-rattlesnake encounters.
Detection of splice variants/deletions within the gene spastin.
Authors: Bragg Laurel , Anthony Bruce
Published: May 2022

Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are an inherited set of diseases whose main phenotype is progressive stiffness and contraction in lower limbs as a result of peripheral nerve damage. This genetic disorder follows inheritance including autosomal dominant or recessive, or x-linked recessive. The mode has a direct impact on the chances of inheriting the disorder. Long nerves are affected due to long distances to transport, and are particularly sensitive to defects. Genes that contribute to the disorder include; 72 spastic gait disease-loci and 55 spastic paraplegia genes (SPGs). Several genetic mutations have been identified which underlie various forms of HSP, and genetic testing is available and used to confirm clinical diagnosis. Testing does not include all genes or identify all the mutations of genes known to cause HSP. Many cases involve a mutation in the SPG4 (Spastin) gene, which controls the spasticity of the lower extremities, yet the extent of mutation or variance is unknown.After previous research, which determined the average expression levels between two different exons, further analysis was performed using nested primers within exons 5 and 11 to narrow down the location for splice variants in the chosen gene. Buccal swabs were collected from several consenting patients (control and affected) and PCR used to amplify differences. A decrease in expression levels of the tested gene indicated missing genomic sequence while increases mean extra DNA. We suggest this to be a possible diagnostic tool for specific forms of HSPs.
Effects of alcohol exposure on transcriptional factor E2F1.
Authors: Yamamoto Aline , Anthony Bruce
Published: May 2022

Excessive consumption of alcohol during pregnancy causes fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), which is represented through growth deficits of neuronal stem cells contributing to microencephaly and neurological abnormalities. These changes seem linked to reduced proliferation and accelerated apoptosis in neuronal stem cells exposed to alcohol. There is little understanding on how alcohol affects the cell cycle during development. Previous research suggests alterations in stem cell populations at the G1/S phase checkpoint control as a result of misregulated expression of E2F and DP1 transcription factor families. This altered transition causes disrupted DNA synthesis and likely induction of apoptosis. We examined the expression patterns of E2F1 using immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. We suggest that overexpression of E2F1 may be responsible for the mechanistic changes seen in the cell cycle from alcohol exposure to stem cells.
Possible link between multiple hereditary osteochrondromas and EXT3.
Authors: Harvey Angelica , Anthony Bruce
Published: May 2022

Multiple Hereditary Osteochrondroma/Exostoses (MHE) induces benign bone tumors at the ends of long bones and often leads to skeletal deformities and tumor formations at the end of these bones. Recent research suggests an under-laying cause associated with glycosyltransferases involved in the synthesis of heparin sulfates.  Two genes designated EXT 1 and EXT 2 have been mapped and linked to MHE. Although phenotypes have been associated with both genes, there seems an additional possible link between the third EXT (EXT3). Little is known of the contributions from glycosyltransferases 3. Although the gene has been cloned and mapped there is little information associated with MHE’s. We suggest the possibility that several of the distinct bone deformities are associated with mutations in this genetic variant.  In this study, we examine possible gene variants in EXT3 through PCR. Patient samples included affected individuals with varied phenotypes as well as control samples. Two patients with unilateral metatarsal deformations were examined as suggest a possible phenotypic link to EXT3.
CdSe-ZnS quantum dot light emitting diode fabrication.
Authors: Kelley Elizabeth L , Wovchko Edward A
Published: May 2022

Quantum dot light emitting diodes (QD-LED) are considered to be the next advancement in display technologies. Quantum dot LEDs may improve the standard of LED technology by providing a purer color, cutting manufacturing cost, and having a higher efficiency than organic light emitting diodes. Efficiency of the QD-LED device may be improved by including a hole transport layer (HTL) and an electron transport layer (ETL) with the quantum dots sandwiched between the two. The emission wavelength depends on the size and composition of the quantum dots, and the device efficiency depends on the thicknesses of the HTL and ETL. Progress in the synthesis of CdSe-ZnS quantum dots and characterization using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy will be presented. Details of a LED device fabricated from CdSe ZnS quantum dots, 4,4,4-tris-(carbazol-9-yl)-triphenylamine (TCTA) as the hole transport layer, and titatinum (IV) butoxide as the electron transport layer will be reported. The peak wavelength in the visible spectral range and the turn-on voltage will also be presented.