bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Verteilungsgerechtigkeit, Verantwortung und Zufall. Die Bedeutung von Risikoakzeptanz für den Glücksegalitarismus
Authors: Schälike Julius
Published: November 2021

Luck egalitarians like Ronald Dworkin and G. A. Cohen claim that the influence of luck on the distribution of goods or welfare has to be equalized, whereas inequality must be accepted if the subjects bear responsibility for it. The paper investigates how this claim should be interpreted
and if it is plausible. Analyzing several examples, I try to show that the spectrum of pertinent cases is much more limited than Dworkin and Cohen think. Sometimes it seems as if someone is responsible for being in a worse position than someone else, while in fact they didn't have equal opportunities.
Fitting cases of responsibility for inequality can be found when we focus on the outcomes of calculated gambles (Dworkin: option luck). But why, and what exactly are cases in point? What distinguishes the risk-taking of someone who buys a lottery ticket from that of a peasant who cultivates
a piece of land, knowing that a storm might ruin the crop? I try to demonstrate that an ethically relevant difference occurs when the attitude towards risk differs. Would the agent prefer to receive the expected utility safely, or would she rather gamble?
Maximieren, Satisficing, Handlungsanleitung und “ Sollen impliziert Können ". Antworten auf die Kommentare von Annette Dufner, Jörg Löschke, Dorothee Bleisch und Konstantin Weber
Authors: Andrić Vuko
Published: November 2021

Aus Platzgründen kann ich die originellen und scharfsinnigen Kommentare von Annette Dufner, Jörg Löschke, Dorothee Bleisch und Konstantin Weber nicht vollständig würdigen. Ich beschränke mich auf einige zentrale Aussagen und Überlegungen.
Integrate
Authors: Schlueter Arno
Published: November 2021

The projects selected for this publication show a range of approaches to making energy, carbon emissions, and their underpinning principles explicit in studio design work undertaken at the Department of Architecture at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. Over the past decades the discussion of environmental sustainability in the building sectors has been regularly polarized between low- and high-tech, used as a superficial catchphrase, or perceived as restrictive to development. The projects in this book demonstrate that we must abandon overly simplistic mindsets toward systemic and life-cycle thinking. Additionally, the mix of included projects underscores that highly sustainable buildings can be produced from many different design perspectives, ranging from a focus on efficient technologies to materials and geometry. Für dieses Buch wurden Studentenarbeiten vom Department für Architektur der ETH Zürich ausgewählt, die unterschiedliche Ansätze in der Umsetzung der Themen Energie, CO2-Emissionen und den dahinter liegenden Prinzipien im Entwurfsprozess thematisieren. Die Diskussion der ökologischen Nachhaltigkeit im Bausektor wurde in den letzten Jahrzehnten regelmässig von einer Polarisierung zwischen Low- und High-Tech geprägt, manchmal als oberflächliche Schlagwörter verwendet, oft als Einschränkung empfunden. Die Projekte in diesem Buch zeigen, dass wir allzu vereinfachende Denkweisen zugunsten eines systemischen und lebenszyklusbezogenen Denkens aufgeben müssen. Die Vielfalt der vorliegenden Projekte in diesem Buch zeigt auf, dass mit höchst unterschiedlichen gestalterischen Ansätzen zukunftsfähige Gebäude entworfen werden können – von Fokus auf effizienter Technologie bis hin zur Auseinandersetzung mit Material und Geometrie.
Prevalence, aetiology, and impact of paediatric feeding disorders in preterm infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit in Cyprus
Authors: Senekki-Florent Panayiota , Walshe Margaret
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Advancements in neonatal care have resulted in increased survival for preterm infants, with associated risk for paediatric feeding disorders (PFDs), the prevalence of which is relatively unexplored. Risk factors for developing PFDs in this population must be identified. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology and risk factors for PFDs in preterm infants with Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW); Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) and Low Birth weight (LBW) in the only neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Cyprus. METHODS: This study comprised 2 phases: Phase 1, a retrospective 2-year file audit, informing methodology for Phase 2, a prospective epidemiological study. Profiles of 1027 preterm infants were obtained in Phase 1. In Phase 2, clinical assessment data on 458 preterm infants (N = 224) were analyzed. RESULTS: The prevalence of PFDs was 36.5%. All preterm infants with ELBW and 69%with VLBW exhibited PFDs. Risk factors were birth weight (BW), gestational age (GA), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), neurological disorders, structural anomalies, and congenital heart disease (CHD). CONCLUSIONS: This unique epidemiological data for one country will inform NICU service provision and direct international research on PFDs in neonates.
Anti-Stroke Chinese Herbal Medicines Inhibit Abnormal Amyloid-β Protein Precursor Processing in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Tan Yan , Zhang Jiani , Yang Ke , Xu Zihui , Zhang Huawei , Chen Weihang , Peng Tiantian , Wang Xu , Liu Zhaoheng , Wei Peng , Li Na , Zhang Zhenqiang , Liu Tonghua , Hua Qian
Published: November 2021

Background: Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHMs), as an important and integral part of a larger system of medicine practiced in China, called Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), have been used in stroke therapy for centuries. A large body of studies suggest that some Chinese herbs can help reverse cognitive impairment in stroke patients, while whether these herbs also exert therapeutic benefits for Alzheimer’s disease remains to be seen. Objective: To address this issue, we selected four types of CHMs that are commonly prescribed for stroke treatment in clinical practice, namely DengZhanXiXin (D1), TongLuoJiuNao (T2), QingKaiLing (Q3), and HuangQinGan (H4), and tested their effects on amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) processing in vitro. Methods: AβPP, β-secretase (BACE1), and 99-amino acid C-terminal fragment of AβPP (C99) stably transfected cells were used for the tests of AβPP processing. The production of Aβ, activity of BACE1, neprilysin (NEP), and γ-secretase were assessed by ELISA, RT-PCR, and western blot. Results: By upregulating BACE1 activity, D1 increased Aβ production whereas decreased the ratio of Aβ42/Aβ40; by downregulating BACE1 activity and modulating the expression of γ-secretase, T2 decreased Aβ production and the ratio of Aβ42/Aβ40; by downregulating BACE1 activity, Q3 decreased Aβ production; H4 did not change Aβ production due to the simultaneously downregulation of BACE1 and NEP activity. Conclusion: Our study indicates that these four anti-stroke CHMs regulate AβPP processing through different mechanisms. Particularly, T2 with relatively simple components and prominent effect on AβPP processing may be a promising candidate for the treatment of AD.
Astrocytic N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors Protect the Hippocampal Neurons Against Amyloid-β142-Induced Synaptotoxicity by Regulating Nerve Growth Factor
Authors: Song Yizhi , Du Zunshu , Chen Xinyue , Zhang Wanning , Zhang Guitao , Li Hui , Chang Lirong , Wu Yan
Published: November 2021

Background: Soluble oligomeric amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced synaptic dysfunction is an early event in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Mounting evidence has suggested N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play an important role in Aβ-induced synaptotoxicity. Originally NMDARs were believed to be expressed exclusively in neurons; however, recent two decades studies have demonstrated functional NMDARs present on astrocytes. Neuronal NMDARs are modulators of neurodegeneration, while our previous initial study found that astrocytic NMDARs mediated synaptoprotection and identified nerve growth factor (NGF) secreted by astrocytes, as a likely mediator, but how astrocytic NMDARs protect neurons against Aβ-induced synaptotoxicity through regulating NGF remains unclear. Objective: To achieve further insight into the mechanism of astrocytic NMDARs oppose Aβ-induced synaptotoxicity through regulating NGF. Methods: With the primary hippocampal neuronal and astrocytic co-cultures, astrocytes were pretreated with agonist or antagonist of NMDARs before Aβ142 oligomers application to neuron-astrocyte co-cultures. Western blot, RT-PCR, etc., were used for the related proteins evaluation. Results: Activation of astrocytic NMDARs can significantly mitigate Aβ142-induced loss of PSD-95 and synaptophysin through increasing NGF release. Blockade of astrocytic NMDARs inhibited Aβ-induced compensatory protective NGF increase in protein and mRNA levels through modulating NF-κB of astrocytes. Astrocytic NMDARs activation can enhance Aβ-induced Furin increase, and blockade of astrocytic NMDARs inhibited Aβ-induced immunofluorescent intensity elevation of vesicle trafficking protein VAMP3 and NGF double-staining. Conclusion: Astrocytic NMDARs oppose Aβ-induced synaptotoxicity through modulating the synthesis, maturation, and secretion of NGF in astrocytes. This new information may contribute to the quest for specific targeted strategy of intervention to delay the onset of AD.
Is Amyloid Burden Measured by 18F-Flutemetamol PET Associated with Progression in Clinical Alzheimer’s Disease?
Authors: Müller Ebba Gløersen , Edwin Trine Holt , Strand Bjørn Heine , Stokke Caroline , Revheim Mona Elisabeth , Knapskog Anne-Brita
Published: November 2021

Background: Patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) show heterogeneity in clinical progression rate, and we have limited tools to predict prognosis. Amyloid burden from 18F-Flutemetamol positron emission tomography (PET), as measured by standardized uptake value ratios (SUVR), might provide prognostic information. Objective: We investigate whether 18F-Flutemetamol PET composite or regional SUVRs are associated with trajectories of clinical progression. Methods: This observational longitudinal study included 94 patients with clinical AD. PET images were semi-quantified with normalization to pons. Group-based trajectory modeling was applied to identify trajectory groups according to change in the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) over time. Multinomial logistic regression models assessed the association of SUVRs with trajectory group membership. Results: Three trajectory groups were identified. In the regression models, neither composite nor regional SUVRs were associated with trajectory group membership. Conclusion: There were no associations between CDR progression and 18F-Flutemetamol PET-derived composite SUVRs or regional SUVRs in clinical AD.
A Novel Role for BRIP1/FANCJ in Neuronal Cells Health and in Resolving Oxidative Stress-Induced DNA Lesions
Authors: Mani Chinnadurai , Acharya Ganesh , Kshirsagar Sudhir , Vijayan Murali , Khan Hafiz , Reddy P. Hemachandra , Palle Komaraiah
Published: November 2021

Background: DNA damage accumulation and mitochondrial abnormalities are elevated in neurons during aging and may contribute to neurodegenerative pathologic conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease. BRCA1 interacting protein 1 or BRIP1 is a 5’ to 3’ DNA helicase that catalyzes many abnormal DNA structures during DNA replication, gene transcription, and recombination, and contribute to genomic integrity. Objective: BRIP1 functions were reasonably well studied in DNA repair; however, there is limited data on its role and regulation during aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Methods: We used immunohistochemistry, western blot, and qRT-PCR assays to analyze the expression of BRIP1. Immunofluorescence studies were performed to study the formation of R-loops, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and mitochondrial morphology. Flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate mitochondrial ROS and mitochondrial structures, respectively. Oxygen consumption rate was measured using Seahorse, and the Presto Blue™ assays were used to evaluate cell viability. Results: Our results demonstrate the expression of BRIP1 in mouse and human brain tissues and in neuronal cell lines. BRIP1 levels were elevated in the hippocampal regions of the brains, specifically in the dentate gyrus. BRIP1 downregulation in neuronal cells caused increased R-loop formation basally and in response to H2O2 treatment. Furthermore, BRIP1 deficient cells exhibited elevated levels of excitotoxicity induced by L-Glutamic acid exposure as evidenced by (mitochondrial) ROS levels, deteriorated mitochondrial health, and cell death compared to BRIP1 proficient neuronal cells. Conclusion: Overall, our results indicate an important role for BRIP1 in maintaining neuronal cell health and homeostasis by suppressing cellular oxidative stress.
A novel squirrel cage eddy current coupling with adjustable radial air gap and its performance analysis
Authors: Xiong Zhiqiang , Yao Jin
Published: November 2021

A novel squirrel cage eddy current coupling with adjustable radial air gap was presented, which can change the output speed by changing the air gap thickness in radial direction between the copper strips and the permanent magnet. It has the advantages of no axial force in speed regulation and less eccentric force in axisymmetric structure. The 2-D electromagnetic torque model of the rotor was established, and the influence of the air gap thickness on the electromagnetic torque was also studied by finite element method. Further, a novel method to solve the dynamic equation of the eddy current coupling was proposed based on the effect of air gap thickness and relative speed on torque characteristics, and was applied to the speed regulation performance analysis. In addition, the influence of the relative magnetic permeability of the permanent magnet back yoke and the internal rotor on the speed regulation performance was studied.
Electromagnetic performance and thermal analysis of a novel permanent magnet fluxed-switching coupler
Authors: Ye Lezhi , Zhang Yulong , Cao Mingguang
Published: November 2021

To solve the problem of complex operating device and permanent magnets (PMs) demagnetization at high temperature, a new type of permanent magnet fluxed-switching coupler (PMC) with synchronous rotating adjuster is proposed. Its torque can be adjusted by rotating a switched flux angle between the adjuster and PMs along the circumferential direction. The structural feature and working principle of the PMC are introduced. The analytical model of the novel PMC was established. The torque curves are calculated in transient field by using the three-dimensional finite element method (3-D FEM). The temperature distribution of the novel PMC under rated condition is calculated by 3-D FEM, and the temperature distribution of the PM is compared with that of the conventional PMC. The simulation and test results show that the maximum temperature of copper disc and PM of the novel PMC are 100 °C and 48 °C respectively. The novel PMC can work stably for a long time under the maximum load condition.
Science vs. Sophistry—A historical debate on bipolar fuzzy sets and equilibrium-based mathematics for AI&QI
Authors: Zhang Wen-Ran
Published: November 2021

The road from bipolar fuzzy sets to equilibrium-based mathematical abstraction is surveyed. A continuing historical debate on bipolarity and isomorphism is outlined. Related literatures are critically reviewed to counter plagiarism, distortion, renaming, and sophistry. Based on the debate, the term “isomorphistry” is coined. It is concluded that if isomorphism is used correctly it can be helpful in mathematics. If abused it may become isomorphistry—a kind of historical, socially constructed, entrenched, and “noble” hypocrisy hindering major scientific advances. It is shown that isomorphistry can be motivated by “denying” the originality of bipolar fuzzy sets and aimed at “justifying” plagiarism and distortion. Thus, isomorphistry is sophistry on isomorphism. Some (-,+)-bipolar isomorphistry behaviors are critiqued. YinYang vs. YangYin are distinguished. The geometrical and logical basis of equilibrium-based AI&QI computing machinery is introduced as a new computing paradigm with logically definable causality for mind-body unity. A philosophical joke on sophistry is appended.
Intelligent rating method of tunnel surrounding rock based on one-dimensional convolutional neural network
Authors: Yang Gang , Li Tianbin , Ma Chunchi , Meng Lubo , Zhang Hang , Ma Junjie
Published: November 2021

Accurate prediction of surrounding rock grades holds great significance to tunnel construction. This paper proposed an intelligent classification method for surrounding rock based on one-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1D CNNs). Six indicators collected in some tunnel construction sites are considered, and the degree of linear correlation between these indicators has been analyzed. The improved one-hot encoding method is put forward for transforming these non-image indicators into one-dimensional structural data and avoiding the sampling error in the indicators of surrounding rock collected in the field. We found that the 1D CNNs model based on the improved one-hot encoding method can best extract the features of surrounding rock classification indicators (in terms of both accuracy and efficiency). We applied the well-trained classification model of tunnel surrounding rock to a series of expressway tunnels in China, and the results show that our model could accurately predict the surrounding rock grade and has great application value in the construction of tunnel engineering. It provides a new research idea for the prediction of surrounding rock grades in tunnel engineering.
An effective multi-objective task scheduling and resource optimization in cloud environment using hybridized metaheuristic algorithm
Authors: Kalimuthu Raj Kumar , Thomas Brindha
Published: November 2021

In today’s world, cloud computing plays a significant role in the development of an effective computing paradigm that adds more benefits to the modern Internet of Things (IoT) frameworks. However, cloud resources are considered to be dynamic and the demands necessitated for resource allocation for a certain task are different. These diverse factors may cause load and power imbalance which also affect the resource utilization and task scheduling in the cloud-based IoT environment. Recently, a bio-inspired algorithm can work effectually to solve task scheduling problems in the cloud-based IoT system. Therefore, this work focuses on efficient task scheduling and resource allocation through a novel Hybrid Bio-Inspired algorithm with the hybridized of Improvised Particle Swarm Optimization and Ant Colony Optimization. The vital objective of hybridizing these two approaches is to determine the nearest multiple sources to attain discrete and continuous solutions. Here, the task has been allocated to the virtual machine through a particle swarm and continuous resource management can be carried out by an ant colony. The performance of the proposed approach has been evaluated using the CloudSim simulator. The simulation results manifest that the proposed Hybridized algorithm efficiently scheduling the task in the cloud-based IoT environment with a lesser average response time of 2.18 sec and average waiting time of 3.6 sec as compared with existing state-of-the-art algorithms.
Incentivization and cognitive performance in those who sustain mild traumatic brain injury: A series of case studies of aviation-rated Army personnel
Authors: Buckley Trevor R.
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: There is much research examining trajectories of cognitive recovery in those who sustain mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). OBJECTIVE: Although the majority of research indicates a full recovery within months of a single, uncomplicated mTBI there remain few who report cognitive symptoms long after injury. Ample evidence indicates incentives to underperform on cognitive testing can negatively affect cognitive recovery, but there is little to no research on how incentives to perform well may affect recovery. This gap in research should be considered to obtain a full picture of cognitive recovery following mTBI. METHOD: Aeromedical Evaluations present a unique opportunity to study cognitive and functional recovery after mTBI. Three case studies are presented from the Aviation Community of recovery from mTBI. Each case presented is one who was monetarily incentivized to perform well on testing. RESULTS: All three cases passed established guidelines for performance validity testing. Each case recovered to estimated baseline performance, though one case needed additional time. There was some evidence of lowered processing speed on two of the three cases. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with current literature on mTBI, recovery from injury is considered the rule as opposed to the exception. Though there are many studies examining how incentives to underperform hinder recovery, there is little research on how incentives to perform well may affect cognitive performance after mTBI. Such may be considered a gap in research and should be a focus of future work.
A novel gateway node reconfiguration method of IOT based on hierarchical coding particle swarm optimization
Authors: Shu Wei , He Dajiang , Shu Jun
Published: November 2021

In order to overcome the problems of low channel utilization, low transmission success rate and high data transmission delay in current gateway node reconfiguration methods of IOT, this paper proposes a novel gateway node reconfiguration method of IOT based on hierarchical coding particle swarm optimization. Based on the IOT network model, this paper analyzes the delay characteristics of the IOT, and constructs the object function of the gateway node reconfiguration of IOT. By monotone decreasing inertia weight strategy, the coding particle swarm optimization is optimized, and the reconfiguration objective function of the gateway node of IOT by using the optimized particle swarm optimization algorithm is solved. Experimental results show that the channel utilization ratio of the proposed method is higher than 90%, the success rate of information transmission is more than 80%, and the data transmission delay is less than 0.5 s, which indicates that the proposed method has high channel utilization, high transmission success rate and low data transmission delay.
STUDY OF THE AFFINITY OF N-ACYL DERIVATIVES OF 2-OXO-1-PYRROLIDINE ACETAMIDE TO THE BINDING SITE OF NMDA RECEPTOR BY MOLECULAR DOCKING METHOD
Authors: Chiriapkin A.S. , Glushko A.A. , Kodonidi I.P.
Published: November 2021

The search for new compounds with а high nootropic biological activity is a promising scientific direction. A modern computational method for predicting pharmacological activity of the studied compounds is the molecular docking. The aim of this work is to study the affinity of new N-acyl derivatives of 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide to the binding site of NMDA receptor to search of new effective nootropic drugs. As objects of study, there are used the new N-acyl derivatives of 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide, racetams, glutamate and a virtual model of NMDA receptor of organism Rattus norvegicus with an identification code 2A5S from the RCSB PDB database. The results of the computational experiment indicate the presence of high nootropic biological activity in the compounds under study. Substance 3 has the greatest affinity of the N-acyl derivatives of 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineethanol to the binding site of NMDA receptor Thus, we consider it is appropriate to conduct pharmacological in vivo studies of these compounds for the presence of nootropic biological activity.
TYPE 2 DIABETES: ASPECTS OF ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC THERAPY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS
Authors: Mokhort T.V. , Bilodid I.K. , Shyshko O.N.
Published: November 2021

Increase in number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in old age is due to the improvement of approaches to early diagnosis of complications and, consequently, the reduction of mortality at an earlier age, and the continuous development of new drugs with a high profile of safety makes it an important task for the doctor to determine an effective and safe treatment regimen for diabetes in the older age group. The article is devoted to the peculiarities of diabetes in elderly patients. Difficulties in management of such patients are due to the small number of studies conducted, which allow us to draw unequivocal conclusions about the most appropriate treatment regimens. Physiological changes in aging, pathological processes in comorbidities do not allow to establish strict glucose control in elderly and senile patients. Authors present the factors determining the peculiarities of the choice of antihypoerglycemic therapy in the elderly. Different variants of treatment depending on comorbid pathology, degree of severity of senile asthenia syndrome are described. Tableted sugar-reducing drugs for the treatment in the elderly are considered, as well as a step-by-step approach to the correction of hyperglycemia in insulin therapy, and target levels of glycated hemoglobin depending on the severity of concomitant diseases are individualized.
JUSTIFICATION OF INDICATORS FOR EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CURRENT AND OPERATIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN SMALL BUSINESSES
Authors: Murav'eva N.N. , Kholodova T.P.
Published: November 2021

The article presents a coherent solution to the problem of the well-founded selection of benchmarks for evaluating the effectiveness of managing small business finances under objective restrictions on their economic activities (financial, personnel, information support). The methodological tools under development are limited to the framework of the current and operational management level. At the current level, the main directions are the evaluation of the effectiveness of managing current assets and capital formation in the context of own and short-term borrowed funds. For each direction, universal indicators were selected to evaluate the effectiveness of such management, regardless of the type of economic activity of the small enterprise. The specifics of the calculation of indicators and the determination of their target level for small businesses are substantiated. At the operational level, coefficients are presented that allow tracking the status of current accounts and liabilities of an enterprise, receipts and expenditures of funds, which is a prerequisite for achieving target values of basic indicators of current level performance.
RUSSIAN OIL AND GAS (O&G) INDUSTRY: MODERN CHALLENGES AND INNOVATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Bakhareva I.V.
Published: November 2021

The paper researches the competitiveness of the Russian oil and gas industry in the face of upcoming global innovational changes. The analysis includes the evaluation of the macroeconomic and innovational environment in which the industry operates, the summarization of several predominant research and development trends in the industry as well as the peculiarities of research and development activity in the Russian oil and gas industry. The findings show that the Russian oil and gas industry underinvests in the development of own technology and innovation and heavily depends on foreign imports in several key areas of its operation.
PREPARATION FOR OPENING MOSCOW SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS AND NAVIGATION SCIENCES AND THE BEGINNING OF ITS ACTIVITY AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XVIII CENTURY
Authors: Benda V.N.
Published: November 2021

The article deals with one of the first military special educational institutions - the Moscow school of mathematical and navigational Sciences, which laid the Foundation of targeted training for the newly created Navy of the Russian state in the early XVIII century. Attention is drawn to the problems faced by state and military figures in the process of organizing the beginning of the school and providing it with all necessary supplies. Special attention is paid to the role of prominent statesman Alexey Kurbatov and famous Russian scientist-mathematician Leontius Filippovich Magnitsky in the formation and development of the article. The author points out that the role of the mathematics and navigation school along with the Moscow artillery and engineering school, created almost simultaneously with the first one, in the formation and development of the Russian system of military special education is very significant and important. Previously unpublished sources are introduced into scientific circulation.
ASSESSMENT OF MEDIUM QUALITY BY FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY OF BETULA PENDULA ROTH., PADUS AVIUM MILL. AND CRATAEGUS SANGUINEA PALL. IN THE FLOODPLAIN OF THE KARATUZ RIVER (KRASNOYARSK REGION)
Authors: Papinen A.E.
Published: November 2021

The assessment of the state of atmospheric air quality is presented with the use of indicators of fluctuating asymmetry of Betula pendula, Padus avium and Crataegus sanduinea sheet plastics. The study was carried out at the junction of the Western spurs of the Eastern Sayan and Minusinsk basin between the rivers Sissim, Syda and their tributaries. Leaf samples were taken from four sites. Leaf collection was carried out at the end of the growing season in 2017, during the stop of leaf growth by the method of V. M. Zakharov (2000). The sample of leaves from one site is 30 pieces, a total of 120 leaves are processed. The results were processed according to the method of S. I. Marchenko (2008). The indicator "width of the left and right halves of the leaf" is variable according to the results of the study. The size of the left and right halves of the leaves varies in Crataegus sanguinea within 0.65 mm, for Betula pendula the width of the leaf blades varies in the range of 0.45 mm, for Padus avium the width of the leaf blades varies by 0.15 mm. the Sample from the forest is characterized by low integral indices of asymmetry. The nature of environmental quality is characterized as an initial deviation from the norm. Pesticides and carbon dioxide emissions from vehicles are likely to be stress factors for the environment in the study area. The ecological condition of the natural area is characterized on average as satisfactory.
POLISH-NEW ZEALAND ECONOMIC TIES: LEGAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE CURRENT STATE OF TRADE
Authors: Siekiera Joanna
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this article is an attempt to explain the contemporary Polish-New Zealand economic relations, as well as potential development of the further cooperation. The relatively new diplomatic relations between Warsaw and Wellington are not enough studied and therefore they require more research. Legal framework is an obvious factor, which can be seen both in the methods of soft and hard law. Understanding history and characteristic marks of this relation would allow developing economic cooperation but also establishing it in the branches of national economy where such collaboration does not exist yet. Both countries perceive one another as an important, trust-based representative of appropriately the Central-East Europe and the South Pacific. Cooperating with each other, Poland and New Zealand might not only increase their bilateral trade exchange, but also become a key economic associate within the partner region.
ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA (LOUIS-BAR SYNDROME): REPORT OF A CASE
Authors: Bogacheva O.Y. , Fomichev V.I.
Published: November 2021

Ataxia-telangiectasia is a rare genetic disorder with multisystem manifestations. Major symptoms include development of ataxia and oculomotor disorders in early childhood. Telangiectasias may appear at the same period of time or later that is more often. They are typically located on the conjunctiva and on the face. In the vast majority of patients, primary cell-humoral immunodeficiency is observed. Repeated and protracted infectious diseases are typical. Patients often develop chronic respiratory disorders. They also have an increased risk of malignancies. Laboratory findings usually include an increase in the level of alpha-fetoprotein and impaired immunological status: a decrease in T- and B- lymphocytes counts, and also a decrease in the levels of IgA, IgG, IgE. MRI of the brain shows signs of atrophy of the cerebellar vermis and hemispheres, which become more pronounced at a later age. The final diagnosis is made on the basis of the results of genetic testing, when mutations of the ATM gene are detected. The typical course of the disease and the steps of the diagnostic process are illustrated by our own clinical observation.
SONG AND POEM AS A METHODICAL TOOL OF TEACHING THE CHINESE LANGUAGE
Authors: Gutorova E.Y. , Ponomaschuk S.N.
Published: November 2021

The problem of using songs and poems in the process of teaching phonetics, vocabulary and grammar of the Chinese language is examined in the article. With the rise of China in the international arena more and more people believe that learning Chinese has a great development potential and prospect. The number of Chinese learners had increased, improving the teaching methods and technics in Chinese classrooms. Songs and poetry are the most accessible forms of art in people's daily life, as they are closely related to language. Chinese itself has significant musicality in terms of tones, streams and phonemes. Thereby the use of Chinese songs as a tool to enrich Chinese classroom teaching forms is already supported by theories and practices, but still requires further research. The existence of this concept is very important not only for certain language skills, but also for comprehensive assimilation with cultural and aesthetic properties. In the article there is analyze of educational literature of Chinese and Russian authors. One such study guide is the «学唱中国歌» - textbook, written by Yu Peng and Jiao Yu Mei. In article there is survey of foreign and Russian students studying at the Northeast Normal University of Changchun is conducted to identify the main problems of using song and poetic materials in a Chinese language lesson.
CIVILIZATION FACTOR IN POLITICAL SYSTEM FORMATION OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION FOUNDERS
Authors: Grachev B.V.
Published: November 2021

The article is dedicated to the civilization basis of the political system of the Eurasian Economic Union founders, its genesis and realization on different historical stages. Special attention was paid to determining which cultural and civilizational characteristic influence on the political traditions’ similarity. The differences in political process of post-soviet countries are outlined with respect to the role of civilizational factors. In the last part one may find out about the influence of geopolitical and civilizational factors on integration process. Methodology is based on the historical and philosophical analysis via adaptation through the theory of local civilization. Generalization of local (national) civilization experience intrinsic to the founders of the Eurasian Economic Union and its impact assessment on the integration process is considered as a prime contribution. Furthermore, under the condition of strong demand for sovereignty the powerful national governance can be regarded as a formidable obstacle for deeper integration. In the long-term the formalization of ideological or civilizational basis is required and a variation of neoeurasianism is likely to play this role.
Policy Forum : Analyse critique de l'impôt foncier sous le régime de la Loi sur la gestion financière des premières nations comme outil d'autonomie gouvernementale
Authors: Boissonneault Audrey
Published: November 2021

La Loi sur la gestion financière des premières nations (LGFPN) délègue aux conseils de bande le pouvoir de prélever l'impôt foncier. Le présent article décrit et analyse l'efficacité de la délégation de pouvoir comme outil d'autonomie gouvernementale. L'article 5(1) de la LGFPN permet aux conseils de bande de prélever l'impôt foncier afin d'améliorer leur situation économique — en leur fournissant une source de revenus — et d'améliorer leur autonomie gouvernementale. Toutefois, il comporte de nombreuses restrictions. Celles-ci incluent l'obligation de se conformer aux normes de gestions financières prévues par la Loi, ainsi que l'homologation des lois concernant l'impôt foncier par la Commission sur la fiscalité des premières nations (CFPN) (dont la majorité des membres sont nommés par le gouvernement fédéral). L'impôt foncier doit également respecter les règlements pris par le gouverneur en conseil en vertu de la Loi, qui concernent présentement l'évaluation des propriétés (incluant les appels concernant celle-ci), les intérêts et pénalités ainsi que l'inspection des propriétés. Les contribuables ont déposé à deux reprises des demandes en contrôle judiciaire visant à faire invalider les décisions de la CFPN. Considérant que ces deux tentatives se sont soldées par un échec, il importe de mitiger les critiques liées aux restrictions à l'autonomie gouvernementale qui semblent être imposées par le texte de la LGFPN. Il n'en demeure pas moins que le gouvernement fédéral conserve un contrôle important sur le processus législatif des Premières Nations en ce qui concerne l'impôt foncier. Lorsqu'il prend la forme de règlement, ce contrôle est direct, mais le gouvernement conserve également un contrôle indirect de par la présence de la CFPN. Une réforme s'impose : les pouvoirs doivent être véritablement délégués afin d'atteindre l'objectif d'améliorer de façon significative l'autonomie gouvernementale des Premières Nations participantes. Le pouvoir de prélever l'impôt foncier est délégué aux conseils de bande depuis la Loi sur les indiens de 1951. Il est temps que les Premières Nations puissent exercer ce droit sans ingérence fédérale. Une protection constitutionnelle de l'autonomie gouvernementale doit être l'objectif ultime.
Policy Forum: In Defence of the First Nations Fiscal Management Act
Authors: Le Dressay André
Published: November 2021

The debate with respect to the recognition of Indigenous rights, title, and jurisdiction has largely been won. It has now moved to how best to implement those rights, title, and inherent jurisdictions. For Indigenous taxation jurisdiction, implementation must address challenges related to taxpayer representation, concurrent jurisdiction, service agreements with other governments, administrative capacity, financial management, and access to public debt capital at competitive rates. In this article, the author argues that the First Nations Fiscal Management Act (FMA) has been successful in overcoming these challenges. The FMA has protected and expanded Indigenous tax jurisdiction through standards and institutional support. As a result, it represents an effective path for interested Indigenous governments "to exercise [their] inherently governmental power of taxation" affirmed by the Supreme Court of Canada in Matsqui Indian Band, and to expand their use of that power.
ПОЗИТИВНА ТА ЗВОРОТНА ДИСКРИМІНАЦІЯ У ВИБОРЧІЙ СФЕРІ
Authors: Афанасьєва М.
Published: November 2021

Стаття присвячена позитивній і зворотній дискримінації у виборчій сфері. Аналізуються позитивні дії, що застосовуються державою стосовно уразливих груп, і наслідки, до яких призводить їх упровадження, зокрема зворотна дискримінація. Статья посвящена положительной и обратной дискриминации в избирательной сфере. Анализируются положительные действия, применяемые государством по отношению к уязвимым группам, и последствия, к которым приводит их внедрение, в частности обратная дискриминация.
AMPİRİZM: İNGİLİZ EKONOMİ POLİTİK VE HUKUKİ DÜZENİNİN KURUCU EPİSTEMOLOJİSİNİN FELSEFİ KÖKENLERİ VE GELİŞİMİ
Authors: AKMAN Şefik Taylan
Published: November 2021

İngiltere’de ampirizm, feodalizmden kapitalizme geçiş sürecinde doğa bilimleri ve felsefede yeni bir epistemolojik anlayış ve yöntem olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Ampiristlere göre insanın sahip olduğu bütün bilgi duyumsal algılamadan kaynaklanmaktadır. Gözlem ve deneyime dayanmayan doğuştan hiçbir bilgi yoktur. Onlar bilginin edinilmesinde algılayan ve deneyimleyen özneyi merkezileştirerek felsefeyi dünyevileştirme eğilimindedirler. Kapitalizmin gelişimine koşut olarak bu dünyevileşme, burjuvazinin ekonomi politik ve hukuki ideolojisinin temellerini biçimlendirmiştir. Üretim kapasitesinin ve verimliliğin artırılması için yeni tekniklerin kullanılması zorunluluğu bilimsel araştırmaları teşvik etmiştir. Ampirizm bu aşamada deney ve gözleme verdiği önem ile bilimsel bir metodoloji olarak ön plana çıkmıştır. Aynı dönemde İngiltere’de ampirizm, felsefinin de bir konusu haline gelmiştir. Epistemolojik bir hüviyet kazanan felsefi ampirizm bilginin kaynağı, nasıl edinildiği, sınırları ve insanın bilme kapasitesi gibi sorunlarla ilgilenmiştir.

Bu çalışmada ampirizmin ortaya çıkışı ve gelişimi öncelikle doğa bilimlerinin bir yöntemi olarak benimsenmesi ekseninde ele alınacaktır. Ardından ampirist felsefe Bacon, Hobbes, Locke, Berkeley ve Hume gibi en önemli temsilcilerinin epistemolojik görüşleri çerçevesinde değerlendirilecektir. 16. yüzyıldan 18. yüzyıla uzanan süreçte, ampirist filozofların epistemolojik yaklaşımlarındaki değişimler İngiliz ekonomi politik ve hukuki düzenindeki dönüşümler göz önüne alınarak ayrıntılı bir biçimde incelenecektir.
An Analysis of Students’ Difficulties in Conducting the Scientific Research: A Case of Study of English Education Study Program and Economic Education Study Program of Universitas Negeri Goro in Indonesai
Authors: Otoluwa Moon Hidayat , Tambengi Wulan Mayasari , Tambengi Hariansyah Igrissa
Published: November 2021

This current study explored the students’ difficulties in conducting scientific research at the undergraduate level. This study was done in the English Education Study Program and Economic Education Study Program of Universitas Negeri Gorontalo. It utilized the descriptive qualitative design. Three undergraduate students at the English Education Study Program and three undergraduate students at the Economic Education Study Program were selected. Academic advising problems data were collected by using interviews. Data were descriptively analyzed, and this study revealed the students were reported to have experienced academic advising problems. The results demonstrated major factors that caused the students’ difficulties in conducting scientific research were difficulty in determining the topic of the thesis, insufficient knowledge in writing the thesis, anxiety in interacting with the thesis advisors, limited access to interact with the lecturers, limited access to the availability of the books, the student's desire to build friendships and expansion with their advisors, and expectation of joy and excitement that comes with creative work.
TO THE PROBLEM OF CHALLENGING THE BORROWING ON GROUNDS OF IMPECUNIOUSNESS
Authors: Муратова Альмира
Published: November 2021

This article is devoted to changes in civil regulation of the relations appearing from the loan agreement. In particular, the author analyzes a possibility to use the norms of challenging the loan agreement on grounds of impecuniousness which is created as the consensual contract. The author expresses in a well-argued manner the opinion about the impossibility to use the norms of contesting the loan agreement on grounds of impecuniousness as the consensual contract.
Ad hoc ARBITRATION COURTS IN RUSSIA
Authors: Горелов Максим
Published: November 2021

The article deals with the consequences of the arbitration reform in Russia. The main purpose of the arbitration reform is not to monopolize the arbitration proceedings but to create competition between the arbitration court and the court of General jurisdiction.
COGNITIVE RESEARCH OF MILITARY METAPHOR IN POLITICAL COMMUNICATIO
Authors: Хазиева Рушана
Published: November 2021

The article discusses the use of metaphors when covering armed conflicts in media. The ambiguous nature of the conflict and the subjectivity of perception of this phenomenon determine the specific usе of metaphor as an evaluative tool capable to change the addressee’s picture of the world. Metaphors are easily activated in the mind of a person, produce an automatic perception of a country's policy, which predetermines their high functionality for propaganda purposes. Ag- gressive rhetoric in political media discourse serves as a means of language manifestation of the goals of ideological suggestion and the creation of suggestive semantic effects. Ideological beliefs and values in the form of political metaphors are manifested and contribute to the implementation of the strategy of discredit in political discourse, influencing the addressee.
The profession of bibliographer: Prospects in the digital era
Authors: Lopatina N. V.
Published: November 2021

The author examines the vectors for bibliographer profession within the professional infrastructure of digital economy. The need for interdisciplinary study of staffing in bibliography is substantiated, and the author’s approach is introduced. The predictive vectors for the bibliographer profession are discussed. The factors of bibliography professionalization are specified. The competence transformation and profession prospects due to digitalization are identified. The author applies her own methods to analyze information profession: the methods have been introduced in her preceding works. She investigates into the nature of socially transforming bibliographic activities, their limits, and interaction with other professions. Criteria of structural and functional stability of the profession, mechanisms and dynamics in the social professional structure are revealed. The author dissects and analyzes the concept of “digital bibliographer” as the new profession model. The tasks for bibliography on the stage of artificial intellect ideology integration are specified. Changing limits of the profession due to the bibliographical method universality are discussed.
¿Pertinencia? del principalismo para la ética de la investigación biomédica regional en tiempos de la pandemia Covid-19
Authors: González López Ingrid
Published: November 2021

La pandemia Covid-19 constituye un desafío para el género humano. Esta se ha convertido en un catalizador excepcional de los debates en torno a la ética de la investigación biomédica que precisa acompañar a los procesos científico-investigativos, indispensables hoy, en la búsqueda de soluciones al estado de catástrofe epidemiológica vivenciado por la humanidad. Para los países de Nuestra América, estos debates adquieren la mayor relevancia/especificidad, pues en no pocas ocasiones, urgencias menos globales y auténticas han dado lugar a la implementación de investigaciones biomédicas internacionales, unilaterales y abusivas. Es en este contexto donde sorprende que la Organización Panamericana de la Salud haya emitido un instrumento regulatorio como Orientación para la supervisión ética de las investigaciones sobre COVID-19 ante la generación de nueva evidencia (2020), profundamente principalista. El presente artículo se propone como objetivo: analizar la ¿pertinencia? del principalismo para la ética de la investigación biomédica regional en tiempos de la actual pandemia. Arriba al reconocimiento del valor que para este campo y contexto tienen: la protección de la vulnerabilidad social, la oposición a un doble estándar ético para evaluar la validez moral de ensayos clínicos controlados, la responsabilidad moral de los patrocinadores para con los sujetos de pesquisa una vez concluido el estudio, y la centralidad de la solidaridad para la investigación con “cooperación” extranjera; cuatro preceptos, no en balde, ya identificados en Pautas CIOMS-OMS (2002).