bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concepts for structured illumination microscopy with extended axial resolution through mirrored illumination
Authors: Manton James D. , Ströhl Florian , Fiolka Reto , Kaminski Clemens F. , Rees Eric J.
Published: February 2020

Wide-field fluorescence microscopy, while much faster than confocal microscopy, suffers from a lack of optical sectioning and poor axial resolution. 3D structured illumination microscopy (SIM) has been demonstrated to provide optical sectioning and to double the resolution limit both laterally and axially, but even with this the axial resolution is still worse than the lateral resolution of unmodified wide-field microscopy. Interferometric schemes using two high numerical aperture objectives, such as 4Pi confocal and I5M microscopy, have improved the axial resolution beyond that of the lateral, but at the cost of a significantly more complex optical setup. Here, we theoretically and numerically investigate a simpler dual-objective scheme which we propose can be easily added to an existing 3D-SIM microscope, providing lateral and axial resolutions in excess of 125 nm with conventional fluorophores and without the need for interferometric detection.
Extreme-depth-of-focus imaging with a flat lens
Authors: Banerji Sourangsu , Meem Monjurul , Majumder Apratim , Sensale-Rodriguez Berardi , Menon Rajesh
Published: February 2020

A lens performs an approximately one-to-one mapping from the object to the image plane. This mapping in the image plane is maintained within a depth of field (or referred to as depth of focus, if the object is at infinity). This necessitates refocusing of the lens when the images are separated by distances larger than the depth of field. Such refocusing mechanisms can increase the cost, complexity, and weight of imaging systems. Here we show that by judicious design of a multi-level diffractive lens (MDL) it is possible to drastically enhance the depth of focus by over 4 orders of magnitude. Using such a lens, we are able to maintain focus for objects that are separated by as large a distance as

∼

6

m

in our experiments. Specifically, when illuminated by collimated light at

λ
=

0.85

µ

m

, the MDL produced a beam, which remained in focus from 5 to 1200 mm. The measured full width at half-maximum of the focused beam varied from 6.6 µm (5 mm away from the MDL) to 524 µm (1200 mm away from the MDL). Since the side lobes were well suppressed and the main lobe was close to the diffraction limit, imaging with a horizontal × vertical field of view of

40

∘

×

30

∘

over the entire focal range was possible. This demonstration opens up a new direction for lens design, where by treating the phase in the focal plane as a free parameter, extreme-depth-of-focus imaging becomes possible.
'Are you scared of being Muslim?' 100% Arabica and the influence of raï music in defining Beur communities in France
Authors: Narcis Stéphane
Published: February 2020

Raï music has evolved significantly over the last few decades, gaining an increasingly popular following in France. This music genre was prominently featured in Mahmoud Zammouri's film, 100% Arabica (1997). Previous analyses of raï music have suggested that this genre symbolizes Algerians' identity and their cultural tendency towards cynicism. This article attempts to refine that conclusion. Relationships between the characters of this film, the treatments of their gender roles and the depiction of their relationships to Islamic practices and cultural identity are all examined through the lens of anthropological diffusionism and social conflict. The results imply that when raï music is used as a Muslim cultural activity, this genre empowers and shapes identity among the Beur communities in France. However, the results also reveal how raï music facilitates cultural expression that can corrupt many of the core values held by Islam.
Introduction and Interview: A multi-arts project
Authors: Burtt Jon , Lavers Katie , Barkat Iqbal
Published: February 2020

In this article digital artist and filmmaker Iqbal Barkat discusses his new work Terrorist/Apostate, a multi-arts project, with scholars Katie Lavers and Jon Burtt. Terrorist/Apostate is based on the lived experience of his collaborator, Lebanese Australian actor Fadi Alameddin. It explores the tensions that arise as the central character begins to question his faith and his identity as a Muslim in Western Sydney. Barkat discusses how the play is informed by the critical discourse between different, often polarized, readings of Islam across a wide range of media. In particular he suggests that contemporary discussions of Islam by Muslim writers including feminists, humanitarians, LBGTI community members, and religious scholars reveal a more complex and nuanced idea of Islam than the reductive 'popular critiques' presented by many western commentators, and that authors such as Tariq Ali, Fatema Mernissi, and Nawal El Saadawi engage with the notion that there never has been a single idea of what constitutes Islam, but rather 'a plurality of Islams'. Through a wide-ranging open-ended interview process Barkat discusses this critical discourse about contemporary Islam in the context of this important new theatre work.
nominalizações como recursos complexos de organização tópica
Authors: Cunha Gustavo Ximenes , Oliveira Ana Larissa Adorno Marciotto
Published: February 2020

Este estudo investiga o papel das instâncias de nominalização na forma de organização tópica de um corpus formado por Introduções de cinco artigos da Área de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas. Com base em contribuições teórico-metodológicas do Modelo de Análise Modular do Discurso, o estudo foi realizado em duas etapas. A primeira correspondeu à análise da organização informacional. Nessa etapa, verificou-se que as nominalizações atuaram tanto na continuidade do texto, reativando informações menos acessíveis da memória discursiva, quanto na progressão textual, permitindo a introdução de novas informações. A segunda etapa correspondeu ao estudo da forma de organização tópica e, ao longo de suas duas subetapas, foi possível aprofundar os resultados da primeira etapa. De modo geral, foi possível constatar que as nominalizações exercem um papel complexo, ligado à argumentação e ao processo de (re)ativação de conceitos.
Hate Speech Used by Haters of Lady Gaga on Social Media
Authors: Siahaan Indah Permata Sari , Rangkuti Rahmadsyah , Ganie Rohani
Published: February 2020

This research investigates impolite utterances by haters of Lady Gaga on her instagram comments through pragmatic study. The object is to find out the types and functions of impoliteness strategies. This research was conducted by descriptive qualitative design. The data were words, phrases and clauses. The sources of data were comments of Lady Gaga haters in a photo which posted on January 10th 2019 on her instagram account. The findings of the study show that: (1) There are four types of impoliteness strategies found on comments of Lady Gaga’s instagram namely positive impoliteness, bald on record impoliteness, negative impoliteness, and sarcasm. Positive and negative impoliteness are the high percentage strategies while sarcasm is the lowest frequency strategy to occur in this research. (2) There are three functions of impoliteness strategies are used by haters of Lady Gaga on her instagram comments. They are entertaining impoliteness, affective impoliteness, and coercive impoliteness.
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in Energy Willow Cultivation on Plantations with Varied Surface Area
Authors: Kowalczyk Zbigniew , Kwaśniewski Dariusz
Published: February 2020

The paper carries out a comparative analysis of the production technology of energy willow on plantations varied on account of the surface area in the aspect of the impact on the natural environment. The studies covered the cultivation of willow in the southern part of Poland. Technologies from soil preparation for cultivation to first harvesting and transport to a farm were analysed. A type of the applied technological treatments, used machines and transport means as well as the time of their operation, amount of the consumed fuel, pesticides, fertilizers, and water were taken into consideration. The research results were referred to the surface area of willow cultivation (1 ha). To determine the environmental impact SimaPro program version 8.1.0.60 was used. It was concluded, inter alia, that cultivation of willow on smaller plantations constitutes a bigger environmental footprint.
Efficiency of Milking Cows Using Robot in a Large Herd
Authors: Winnicki Stanisław , Romaniuk Wacław , Mielcarek-Bocheńska Paulina , Borusiewicz Andrzej , Barwicki Jan
Published: February 2020

The aim of the study was to carry out a research on the use of milking robots compared to utilization of milking parlors. There was no such study in literature on the milking farms in Poland and abroad. The presented study, except for scientific knowledge, provides also practical utilization as a good agriculture practice on the farm. Tests were carried out simultaneously in two barns belonging to the same farm. In barn K, milking was used in the rib bone milking parlor, and in barn N with milking robots. The results covering three years of research from 2016 to 2018 were presented. It was concluded that the milk yield of young cows in both barns was almost identical, while in the second and subsequent lactation, cows in barn N had higher yield. In barn N, about 3% more milk was obtained from LKS below 400 thaus. ml−1, compared to barn K. Time of cows’ utilization in both cowsheds was similar, while in barn N the life efficiency of culled cows was higher by about 1,000 kg of milk. The level of deficiency and its structure, due to the number and stage of lactation, were very similar in both barns. In barn N, the uniformity of milk production throughout the year was more even compared to barn K. There were reserves in the use of the milking robot due to the low number of cows per milking stand and the need to better adaptation of milking times to current cow performance. The milking robot improves cow welfare and ensures high milk yield and good cytological quality of milk.
Large Time Behavior of Solutions to the Nonlinear Heat Equation with Absorption with Highly Singular Antisymmetric Initial Values
Authors: Mouajria Hattab , Tayachi Slim , Weissler Fred B.
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we study global well-posedness and long-time asymptotic behavior of solutions to the nonlinear heat equation with absorption,

u
t

-

Δ
⁢
u

+

|
u
|

α

⁢
u

=
0

{u_{t}-\Delta u+\lvert u\rvert^{\alpha}u=0}

, where

u
=

u
⁢

(
t
,
x
)

∈
ℝ

{u=u(t,x)\in\mathbb{R}}

,

(
t
,
x
)

∈

(
0
,
∞
)

×

ℝ
N

{(t,x)\in(0,\infty)\times\mathbb{R}^{N}}

and

α
>
0

{\alpha>0}

. We focus particularly on highly singular initial values which are antisymmetric with respect to the variables

x
1

,

x
2

,
…
,

x
m

{x_{1},x_{2},\ldots,x_{m}}

for some

m
∈

{
1
,
2
,
…
,
N
}

{m\in\{1,2,\ldots,N\}}

, such as

u
0

=

(
-
1
)

m

∂
1

∂
2

⋯

∂
m

|
⋅
|

-
γ

∈

𝒮
′

(

ℝ
N

)

{u_{0}=(-1)^{m}\partial_{1}\partial_{2}\cdots\partial_{m}\lvert\,{\cdot}\,% \rvert^{-\gamma}\in\mathcal{S}^{\prime}(\mathbb{R}^{N})}

,

0
<
γ
<
N

{0<\gamma<N}

. In fact, we show global well-posedness for initial data bounded in an appropriate sense by

u
0

{u_{0}}

for any

α
>
0

{\alpha>0}

. Our approach is to study well-posedness and large time behavior on sectorial domains of the form

Ω
m

=

{

x
∈

ℝ
N

:

x
1

,
…
,

x
m

>
0

}

{\Omega_{m}=\{x\in\mathbb{R}^{N}:x_{1},\ldots,x_{m}>0\}}

, and then to extend the results by reflection to solutions on

ℝ
N

{\mathbb{R}^{N}}

which are antisymmetric. We show that the large time behavior depends on the relationship between α and

2

γ
+
m

{\frac{2}{\gamma+m}}

, and we consider all three cases, α equal to, greater than, and less than

2

γ
+
m

{\frac{2}{\gamma+m}}

. Our results include, among others, new examples of self-similar and asymptotically self-similar solutions.
Computing sunspot solutions to rational expectations models with timing restrictions
Authors: Sorge Marco M.
Published: February 2020

Rational expectations (RE) frameworks featuring informational constraints are becoming increasingly popular in macroeconomic research. A recent strand of literature has explored the analytics of RE models with informational subperiods, in which the occurrence of exogenous shocks is period-specific and decision makers condition their own choices and expectations upon a sequence of nested information sets (timing restrictions). Assuming the unrestricted (full information) RE model satisfies saddle-path stability, this paper provides (i) necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of an uncountably infinite set of linearly perturbed solutions to its restricted (informationally constrained) counterpart, and (ii) an algorithm for computing the full set of sunspot solutions when equilibrium indeterminacy occurs.
Weighted Estimates of the Cayley Transform Method for Abstract Differential Equations
Authors: Gavrilyuk Ivan P. , Makarov Volodymyr L. , Mayko Nataliya V.
Published: February 2020

We represent the solution

u
⁢

(
t
)

{u(t)}

of an initial value problem (IVP)
for the first-order differential equation with an operator coefficient
as a series using the Cayley transform of the corresponding operator coefficient and the Laguerre polynomials.
In the case of a boundary value problem (BVP) for the second-order differential equation
with an operator coefficient, we represent its solution using the Cayley transform and the Meixner-type polynomials.
The approximate solution is the truncated sum of N (the discretization parameter) summands.
We give the error estimate of these approximations
depending on N and the distance of t to the initial point of the time interval
or of the spatial argument x to the boundary of the spatial domain.
Laccase-catalyzed oxidative modification of lignosulfonates from acidic sulfite pulping of eucalyptus wood
Authors: Magina Sandra , Barros-Timmons Ana , Evtuguin Dmitry V.
Published: February 2020

Lignosulfonates (LS) from acidic magnesium-based sulfite cooking ofEucalyptus globuluswood were modified via laccase-catalyzed oxidative treatment with the aim to improve their performance as plasticizing additives in concrete formulations. The target parameters were the increment of molecular weight (Mw) and the amount of oxidized groups. The laccase-assisted oxidation under optimized conditions (40°C, pH 4.5, enzyme loads of 83–500 U g−1for 90 min) allowed Mwincrement up to 11-fold and almost doubled the amount of carbonyl and carboxyl groups without using any mediators. Modified LS maintained their solubility in water and possessed a zeta- potential close to that of initial LS. The characterization of modified LS has been carried out by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and quantitative13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and the sulfonic and phenolic groups were assessed by conductometric titration. It was concluded that LS polymerization occurred mostlyviathe formation of new aryl ether bonds (two thirds of the modification) and biphenyl bonds (the remaining third). However, part of the newly formed bonds of unknown origin are temperature labile and cleaved during the concentration of LS at pH 4 and 80°C under vacuum, which led to the reduction of the Mwof the modified lignin to almost one third.
Volatilomes of Cyclocybe aegerita during different stages of monokaryotic and dikaryotic fruiting
Authors: Orban Axel , Hennicke Florian , Rühl Martin
Published: February 2020

Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are characteristic for different fungal species. However, little is known about VOC changes during development and their biological role. Therefore, we established a laboratory cultivation system in modified crystallizing dishes for analyzing VOC during fruiting body development of the dikaryotic strain Cyclocybe aegerita AAE-3 as well as four monokaryotic offspring siblings exhibiting different fruiting phenotypes. From these, VOC were extracted directly from the headspace (HS) and analyzed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For all tested strains, alcohols and ketones, including oct-1-en-3-ol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol and cyclopentanone, were the dominant substances in the HS of early developmental stages. In the dikaryon, the composition of the VOC altered with ongoing fruiting body development and, even more drastically, during sporulation. At the latter stage, sesquiterpenes, especially Δ6-protoilludene, α-cubebene and δ-cadinene, were the dominant substances. After sporulation, the amount of sesquiterpenes decreased, while additional VOC, mainly octan-3-one, appeared. In the HS of the monokaryons, less VOC were present of which all were detectable in the HS of the dikaryon C. aegerita AAE-3. The results of the present study show that the volatilome of C. aegerita changes considerably depending on the developmental stage of the fruiting body.
Gender differences in the associations of reappraisal and humor styles
Authors: Sillars Angela A. , Nicolaides Christina , Karan Alexander , Wright Robert , Robbins Megan L. , Davis Elizabeth L.
Published: February 2020

Reappraisal is an effective emotion regulation strategy that draws on cognitive processes–like changing one’s thoughts to change one’s feelings–that are similar to those implicated in humor. Yet, very little is known about the links between the dispositional tendency to use reappraisal and individuals’ humor styles (e. g. aggressive, affiliative, self-deprecating, self-enhancing). Importantly, there are gender differences both in emotion regulatory processes and in the use of humor styles. We examined gender differences in reported use of humor styles, the associations between reappraisal and humor styles, and whether gender moderated those associations. Participants (N=250) were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk and self-reported their dispositional use of reappraisal and four humor styles. Men reported greater use of aggressive humor compared to women. Dispositional use of reappraisal was positively associated with self-enhancing humor. In addition, reappraisal use was positively related to greater use of affiliative humor, and this association was stronger for men than women. For men, greater use of reappraisal was associated with greater use of self-defeating humor, but reappraisal was negatively associated with self-defeating humor for women. Findings extend insight from prior work and suggest that both reappraisal and specific ways of using humor draw on aspects of self-regulatory competence rooted in cognitive change abilities, and the patterns of association differ in interesting ways for men and women.
Postural habits in adolescents: the influence of a school physiotherapy program on improving the knowledge of postures
Authors: Minghelli Beatriz
Published: February 2020

Background

School physiotherapy programs can promote an increase in health literacy promoting healthier postural habits. This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of this program in improving the theoretical-practical ergonomic knowledge about postures in adolescents and to verify the postural habits adopted.

Methods

The sample comprised 206 students, 109 (52.9%) being boys, aged 12–19 years old. The measurement instruments included a theoretical-practical test and a scale. The intervention program included one session lasting 90 min, using both theoretical and practical approaches.

Results

The mean values obtained on the theoretical-practical test before and after the 1-month period were 9.14 ± 2.51 and 13.05 ± 1.41, respectively (p ≤ 0.001). One hundred and ninety-nine (96.6%) students sat with the spine wrongly positioned, 197 (95.6%) students used mobile phones with a cervical flexion, and 165 (80.1%) lifted a heavy object from the floor incorrectly.

Conclusions

This data revealed that a school physiotherapy program improves ergonomic knowledge in adolescents.
Tailoring the plasmonic Fano resonance in metallic photonic crystals
Authors: Bauer Christina , Giessen Harald
Published: February 2020

Periodically arranged metallic nanowires on top of a waveguide layer show a strong coupling between the particle plasmon of the wires and the waveguide mode. By introducing a dielectric spacer layer between the metallic structures and the waveguide layer, this coupling can be reduced. Here, the thickness of this spacer layer is varied and the coupling strength is determined for each spacer layer thickness by fitting an effective energy matrix to the energy positions of the resonance peaks. It is found that the coupling strength can be very well described by the electric field amplitude of the waveguide mode at the location of the nanowires. We carried out experiments and found very good agreement with theory and our simple model. Using this method, we achieved experimentally an extremely small mode splitting as small as 25 meV leading to very sharp spectral features. Our pathway and design for tailoring the coupling strength of plasmonic Fano resonances will enable the design of highly sensitive plasmonic sensor devices and open the door for narrow plasmonic spectral features for nonlinear optics and slow light propagation.
Legal, illegal … – wer genau? Die Schweizer Asylbewegung und der Streit um das Recht 1973–1992
Authors: Pärli Jonathan
Published: February 2020

Der Staat solle sich auch gegenüber Asylsuchenden und Flüchtlingen an das Recht halten, statt Willkür walten zu lassen: so lautete die anfänglich wohl wichtigste Forderung der Asylbewegung, die in der Schweiz in den frühen 1980er-Jahren entstand. Der Text diskutiert die affirmative Beziehung der Asylbewegung zum Recht und bezieht sich dabei auf Jacques Rancières Thesen zum Verhältnis von Politik und Aisthesis. Gemäß Rancière sind nicht primär Gesetze oder Verfassungen Sache der Politik, sondern „sinnliche“ Fragen der Wahrnehmbar- und Sagbarkeit, von denen der Sinn von Gesetzen und Verfassungen abhängt. Politisch subjektivierte sich die Asylbewegung als „andere Schweiz“ und brachte unter diesem Namen die herrschende „Aufteilung des Sinnlichen“ durcheinander: Sie machte die institutionell unsichtbar gehaltenen Asylpraxis der Behörden sicht- und kritisierbar. Gehör fand die Asylbewegung nicht auf institutionellem Weg, sondern dank Aktionen des zivilen Ungehorsams. In den dadurch geschaffenen, paradoxen Sprechsituationen des „Unvernehmens“ (Rancière), gelang es der Asylbewegung, die umstandslose Identifikation von „Recht“ und „Staat“ zeitweise aufzulösen. Die Frage, ob es der Staat oder die Bewegung sei, die illegal respektive legal handle, wurde zum Gegenstand eines öffentlichen Streits. Der wichtigste Effekt dieses Dissenses war die Einführung einer verwaltungsunabhängigen Rekursinstanz im Asylrecht zu Beginn der 1990er-Jahre.
A How-to-Model Guide for Neuroscience
Authors: Blohm Gunnar , Kording Konrad P. , Schrater Paul R.
Published: February 2020

Within neuroscience, models have many roles, including driving hypotheses, making assumptions explicit, synthesizing knowledge, making experimental predictions, and facilitating applications to medicine. While specific modeling techniques are often taught, the process of constructing models for a given phenomenon or question is generally left opaque. Here, informed by guiding many students through modeling exercises at our summer school in CoSMo (Computational Sensory-Motor Neuroscience), we provide a practical 10-step breakdown of the modeling process. This approach makes choices and criteria more explicit and replicable. Experiment design has long been taught in neuroscience; the modeling process should receive the same attention.
Tales from the Rebel Archive
Authors: Carpio Genevieve
Published: February 2020

Academic histories have focused on urban centers, overshadowing neighboring towns and agricultural areas as if they didn’t matter. The formal archives that house the records of (white) leaders obscure the experiences and perspectives of migrant workers, communities of color, and others in places such as Southern California’s Inland Empire, which are important to arriving at a fuller historical understanding. The author identifies as “Rebel Archives” sources created by those overlooked by mainstream accounts, including family photo albums, school records, popular media, oral histories, and “counter-mapping.” Analysis of such diverse sources can reveal patterns that cause us to ask questions and rethink history. The article concludes with several noteworthy projects of “subversive history” that are uncovering an enriched history of the Inland Empire.
Anticipated Regret in the Purchase of Secondhand and Counterfeit Product
Authors: Kurniawati Masmira
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study is how consumers can minimizing negative emotion they will probably experience. One of negative emotion that consumers could experience is regret. When consumers develop a mechanism to anticipate future regret after buying decision, it is called anticipated regret. This research identifies how anticipated regret affects consumer choice between two risky buying decisions, which are counterfeit product and secondhand product. This research also investigates whether perceived risk mediates the effect of anticipated regret on consumers’ choice. Experimental design is used with 120 participants. The result of the analysis shows that anticipated regret significantly affects perceived risk, anticipated regret has negative significant effect toward purchase intention, and perceived risk also negatively affect purchase intention. The bootstrap results indicate that perceived risk mediates the effect of anticipated regret on consumers’ choice. Managerial implications and suggestions for future research then will be delivered.
Factors Affecting Young Indonesian’s Intention to Purchase Counterfeit Luxury Goods
Authors: Fenitra Rakotoarisoa Maminirina , Haryanto Budhi
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence consumer attitudes towards counterfeit luxury goods and their influence on intentions to buy fake luxury goods in Indonesia. Research provides better insight and understanding of consumer behavior towards counterfeit luxury goods. The sample in this study were 286 people who intended to buy fake luxury goods. Data was collected through a survey questionnaire and, analyzed by regression analysis techniques. The research findings identify that brand image, quality and price positively influence consumer attitudes towards fake luxury goods. This is because these variables are considered to have influenced individual attitudes. They have a positive attitude towards fake luxury goods in terms of brand image, price and quality and that consumer attitude is a significant variable in shaping consumer purchase intentions, because positive attitude is a stimulus for consumer purchase intention which is a predictor. consumer buying behavior; so the higher the attitude of consumers, the higher their intention to buy. These findings can be an asset for policy makers and producers of original products to formulate strategies to overcome counterfeiting activities.
Sedentarismo en niños costarricenses: si hay solucion
Authors: Álvarez Bogantes Carlos
Published: February 2020

El propósito de este artículo fue el de revisar la naturaleza de los patrones de movimiento de los niños, con el fin de entrelazarlos con las recomendaciones que se han establecido en cuanto a la actividad física que deben realizar y compararlas con las que tradicionalmente, se han seguido en el entorno costarricense. En una segunda parte del artículo se menciona al juego como la alternativa para rescatar el disfrute de moverse en los niños y de poder propiciar estilos de vida activa usando como elemento precursor las clases de educación física.
Dislipidemia y niveles de lípidos sanguíneos en pacientes tratados en centros de atención primaria de la zona del éste de San José, Costa Rica, año 2006.
Authors: Gutiérrez Peña Erick G. , Romero Zúñiga Juan José
Published: February 2020

La dislipidemia, o sea, niveles elevados de lípidos sanguíneos (colesterol y triglicéridos), está estrechamente asociados con la Enfermedad Cardiovascular (ECV). Conocer el perfil lipídico de una persona – y  de una población– son fundamentales para reducir el riesgo de ECV en cualquier momento de la vida. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer los indicadores (estadísticos) de los lípidos sanguíneos y la prevalencia de dislipidemia, de los pacientes que pertenecen a las áreas asignadas al Programa de Atención Integral de Salud de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 10.044 pacientes entre 20 y 65 años de edad, a los cuales se les hizo un perfil de lípidos sanguíneos durante el año 2006. Se trabajó con 2.969 (29,6%) del sexo masculino y 7.075 (70,4%) del sexo femenino. La edad promedio fue 43,5 años. Los promedios generales para los lípidos sanguíneos fueron: 203,3 mg/dl para el colesterol total, 50,1 mg/dl para el HDL, 120,1 mg/dl para el LDL y 165,6 mg/dl para los triglicéridos. Se detectó una prevalencia de 17,2% de hipercolesterinemia (≥240 mg/dl), 21,3% de nivel bajo de HDL (<40 mg/dl), un 11.9% para niveles altos de LDL (≥160 mg/dl) y 26,3% para niveles altos de triglicéridos (≥200 mg/dl). Las mujeres mostraron mayores niveles absolutos de dislipidemia que los hombres. Según las áreas de salud, no hubo diferencias significativas en los niveles de lípidos en general, por edad o por sexo. Estos resultados indican que las prevalencias generales de dislipidemia se encuentran cerca de la mitad del rango reportado en la literatura mundial y son inferiores que las evidenciadas en la literatura nacional; sin embargo, los promedios generales sobrepasaron los niveles óptimos para cada lípido sanguíneo, por lo que es pertinente desarrollar intervenciones en la población para minimizar el impacto de las dislipidemias en la población estudiada.
Pedestrian Safety on Crosswalks in India - Need of the Hour
Authors: Ankit Bansal  , Tripta Goyal  , Umesh Sharma
Published: February 2020

A paradigm shift has been observed from ‘moving of vehicles’ to ‘moving of persons’ while planning for transportation facilities in cities. Provision of integrated and barrier free pedestrian facilities is essential to ensure inclusive mobility. Pedestrian facilities are a critical component in producing a pedestrianfriendly environment. In India, the present facilities provided for the pedestrians are not efficient in general and crosswalks (zebra crossings) in particular. The pedestrian casualties in India have registered an increase of 11.7 percent in the year 2017, of which 31 percent have occurred on crosswalks. Therefore, an attempt has been made to overview the level of safety provided on the crosswalks. It has been found that majority of crosswalks are not fulfilling their intended purposes due to improper signage and markings, inadequate maintenance and bad surface condition. Another significant reason hampering the safety of pedestrians at crosswalks has been found to be inappropriate provision of guardrails and pedestrian refuge islands. Hence, some measures have been suggested to augment the pedestrian safety on the crosswalks.
A Survey on Contribution of Data Mining Techniques and Graph Reading Algorithms in Concept Map Generation
Authors: B. Lavanya  , A. Auxilia Princy
Published: February 2020

Concept maps are a pictorial representation of concepts found in data and it shows relationship between concepts. These Concept map help us to understand the whole data content, makes it easily readable and memorable. They are used to deliver complex data in an understandable form (map, tree, graph, etc), which is used for a better understanding and decision making for researchers and business, etc. This paper discusses the recent researches about concept maps and data mining techniques, and graph reading algorithms used for concept map generation.
Design of Composite Shear Wall Encased with Vertical Steel Profiles
Authors: P. P. Phadnis  , V. V. Karjinni
Published: February 2020

The concept of steel-concrete composite shear wall is introduced due to the benefits achieved by integrating both the materials. These are structural walls, where steel profiles are encased at the boundary elements. Due to their higher lateral strength and stiffness, they offer a good alternative to improve earthquake resistance over conventional reinforced concrete shear walls in medium and high-rise buildings. Current literature shows that, design procedure of such composite shear walls is not addressed in developing country codes. Hence, a design of steel-concrete composite shear wall is proposed in the present paper on the basis of existing theory and with the help of standard codes. The web portion of shear wall has to be designed as per provisions of Eurocode 8. For the design of composite boundary elements, design norms of composite columns are followed. Also the design of shear stud connectors is adopted according to Eurocode 4.
Scrum: An Agile Software Development Process and Metrics
Authors: Rajani Dixit  , Brij Bhushan
Published: February 2020

In a traditional software development process such as the Waterfall Model, works best in a stable environment. But, it is not flexible when it comes to change. There is a gap in the interaction between the users and the development team which leads to incomplete and misunderstood specification. Because of this, the end product is sometimes a surprise to users and this gap accelerates incorrect development of the software product. Once requirements are frozen there is no scope of accepting changes. There is a need for a framework which holds the solution for all these situations. With this premise, the agile development methodology came into existence. Scrum, an agile approach supports continuous collaboration among the customer, team members, and other stakeholders. Its time-boxed approach and continuous feedback from the product owner ensures the development of working product with essential features at all the time. This paper explains the agile software development approach, its proclamation and different frameworks of agile approach. Further illustrate most widely used framework: Scrum. This research paper covers the implementation and application of Scrum. It focuses on why Scrum is preferred over the Waterfall Model with the help of some survey results and later a discussion on some Scrum Metrics which will be helpful and accounting for the best Scrum Practices in achieving goals set by the software development team, the product owner and the customers. The outcome of this study shows that Scrum Metrics is critical and highly valuable for successful product development. The quantitative insight that these metrics provide for the Scrum Team, Product Owner and Stakeholders is necessary for achieving strong project dynamics and optimal results.
El efecto agudo del entrenamiento en trampolín sobre la estabilidad, la altura de salto y la velocidad de carrera en 20 metros de porristas
Authors: Ulloa Sánchez Paul , Hernández Elizondo Jessenia
Published: February 2020

El principal objetivo del presente estudio es analizar el efecto agudo del Entrenamiento en Trampolín (ET) sobre la estabilidad, altura de salto y velocidad de carrera en 20 m de porristas.

Metodología: Se reclutaron 53 sujetos (hombres = 18; mujeres = 35), pertenecientes al programa de Porrismo Pura Vida Athletics (Tibás, Costa Rica). Se conformaron aleatoriamente tres grupos los cuales fueron Grupo Trampolín (GT), Grupo Control (GC) y Grupo Entrenamiento Normal (GEN). El GT realizó como tratamiento un entrenamiento de trampolín (ET) tradicional (duración aproximada de 45 min; intensidad de 75-85% de la frecuencia cardiaca máxima). Se realizaron mediciones pre-test y post-test de la estabilidad (Centro de Presión), velocidad en 20 m y altura de salto (CMJ).

Resultados: Respecto a la estabilidad, en Bipedestación el GT empeoró significativamente (p<0.05*) comparado con el GC y, en Liberty, Awesome y Arebesque, el GT empeoró significativamente (p<0.05*) comparado con el GC y GEN. La altura del CMJ del GT fue significativamente menor (p<0.05*) con respecto al GEN, pero no del GC. La velocidad en 20 m del GT disminuyó significativamente (p<0.05*), mientras que el GC (p>0.05) y el GEN (p>0.05) no tuvieron un cambio significativo.

Conclusiones: Se evidenció una disminución significativa de la estabilidad del GT en Bipedestación y, en los elementos de stunt Liberty, Awesome y Arebesque. La altura del CMJ del GT tuvo una disminución no significativa. La velocidad en 20 m del GT fue significativamente menor después del ET.
Integration of the Back-end of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: An Overview
Authors: Diaz-Maurin François , Ewing Rodney C.
Published: February 2020

Recent efforts have been made toward the integration of the back-end of the nuclear fuel cycle in the United States. The back-end integration seeks to address several management challenges: 1) current storage practices are not optimized for transport and disposal; 2) the impact of interim storage on the disposal strategy needs to be evaluated; and 3) the back-end is affected by—and affects—nuclear fuel cycle and energy policy choices. The back-end integration accounts for the various processes of nuclear waste management—onsite storage, consolidated storage, transport and geological disposal. Ideally, these processes should be fully coupled so that benefits and impacts can be assessed at the level of the full fuel cycle. The paper summarizes the causes and consequences of the absence of integration at the backend of the nuclear fuel cycle in the U.S., critically reviews ongoing integration efforts, and suggests a framework that would support the back-end integration.
La vivencia de los pacientes con cáncer y el cuidado de enfermería
Authors: Hermosilla-Ávila Alicia , Sanhueza-Alvarado Olivia
Published: February 2020

Introducción: En la actualidad, un gran número de personas conviven con cáncer en cualquier etapa de la enfermedad, con todas las repercusiones físicas, emocionales y socio-culturales que esta patología implica. Este estudio explora las experiencias de los pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer, y la vivencia de los cuidados de enfermería, de tal manera que permita comprender la integralidad del proceso de la enfermedad. Materiales y Métodos: Meta-estudio cualitativo de tipo de análisis principalmente de meta-datos y meta-síntesis, con 12 artículos seleccionados previa revisión exhaustiva de criterios de rigor metodológico en credibilidad, auditabilidad y transferibilidad. Las bases de datos empleadas fueron ISI Web of Knowledge, Pudmed y Scielo. Resultados: Vivir con cáncer significa 1) Capacidad de adaptación, 2) Redescubrir emociones, 3) Ser consecuencia del tratamiento, y 4) Disociar mente y cuerpo. Discusión: La vivencia del cáncer es un fenómeno social y humano complejo, que desafía el derecho individual de salud de las personas en el ámbito sanitario, marcada por la alta mortalidad e incapacidad asociada y establecida por determinantes sociales de la salud. Conclusiones: La vivencia del paciente con cáncer, sin duda es una compleja dinámica que siempre se verá beneficiada con la exploración cualitativa de su existencia, donde los análisis de los hallazgos proporcionados en su conjunto contribuyen sin duda a transcender y comprender mejor el fenómeno del cáncer. Con ello presentando desafíos importantes para la enfermería en materia de perfeccionar sus competencias para entregar un cuidado humano, comprensivo y particular.
Como citar este artículo: Hermosilla-Ávila A, Sanhueza-Alvarado O. La vivencia de los pacientes con cáncer y el cuidado de enfermería. Rev Cuid. 2020; 11(1): e782. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.782
OPTIMIZATION OF FEED COMPOSITION FOR TURKEYS
Authors: Makarynska A. , Vorona N.
Published: February 2020

The article describes that domestic feed products cannot always compete with high quality products of foreign firms. However, the use of imported feed leads to a significant increase in their value and, as a consequence, to an increase in the cost price of the final product. It is established that for the normal development and realization of productivity, turkeys should receive quality and balanced for all indicators of compound feed. Therefore, the task was to develop recipes for turkeys using high quality domestic raw materials. The necessity to determine the complete components characteristics of compound feeds for the finished products production, which meets the requirements of regulatory documents and the consumer, has been proved. There are many indicators and factors that are not taken into account when calculating recipes, but significantly affect the compound feed quality. We have developed compound feed recipes for heavy type turkeys aged 1…4 weeks, 5…13 weeks, 14…17 weeks, 18…30 weeks and over 31 weeks using the “Korm Optima Expert” software complex. The program incorporates the principle of calculating recipes at minimum cost, taking into account the restrictions on the input of each component and the nutrition of the finished product using linear programming by formulas. The expediency of replacing soybean meal in poultry feed due to its high cost for cheaper protein components is substantiated. In order to reduce the cost of compound feed, we have proposed the optimal composition of protein feed additive (PFA) for replacement soybean meal in feed recipes. On the basis of the developed recipes of compound feeds for heavy type turkeys we calculated similar recipes of compound feeds with replacement of soybean meal for PFA in their composition according to the norms of its introduction The quality indicators of finished products are in compliance with the minimum nutritional requirements of compound feeds for heavy type turkeys of a given age. The cost of compound feeds with PFA is much lower than similar with soybean meal. We determined the annual feed consumption of turkeys by growing periods based on the daily feed intake and the duration of each fattening period.
Mentor vs. mentee perceptions of career mentoring partnerships and work outcomes: A multi-institutional study of faculty mentoring programs
Authors: Giancola Jennifer K. , Van Groningen Aaron , Jansen Andrew E. , Chatterjee Archana , Mulloy Laura L. , Palmer Charles , Lawson Melissa A.
Published: February 2020

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Introduction: Formal mentoring programs are a professional development approach to help junior faculty develop an academic medicine career. This study investigated the perceptions of mentors versus mentees in formal career mentoring partnerships across multiple institutions. Methods: The authors implemented departmental mentoring programs for junior faculty at four academic medical centers. They collected post-program data from mentors and mentees in order to examine the predictors of mentoring satisfaction, mentee outcomes, and work-related variables. Results: The pattern of relationships between the variables differed for mentors versus mentees. Mentoring focus, mentor accessibility and mentee initiative predicted partnership satisfaction and mentee progress. Partnerships that used a mentoring agreement reported greater progress and satisfaction. There were some relationships between partnership outcomes and work-related outcomes. While partnership satisfaction predicted job and administrative/leadership satisfaction for mentors, it predicted positive perceptions of the department's mentoring culture and professional development opportunities for mentees. Conclusions: The study identified unique antecedents and consequences of mentoring partnership satisfaction and mentee outcomes. The varying perspectives of mentors versus mentees indicated a need to clearly communicate partnership expectations and desired outcomes. Overall, the positive impact of formal mentoring programs on partnership and work-related outcomes was supported with implications for future programs and research.
Öğrencilerin Hazırlıksız Konuşmalarında Kelime Hazinesi Katsayılarının Tespiti
Authors: BAYBURTLU Yavuz Selim
Published: February 2020

Konuşma iletişim kurmak için kullandığımız temel dil becerilerindendir.
Konuşma temel olarak hazırlıklı ve hazırlıksız konuşma olmak üzere iki şekilde
yapılır. Hazırlıklı konuşmalar yeri ve zamanı belirli olan, bir plan ve
hazırlık gerektiren konuşmalardır. Hazırlıksız konuşmalar ise yeri ve zamanı
tam olarak belli olmayan, bir plan ve hazırlık gerektirmeyen anlık
konuşmalardır. Hazırlıksız konuşmalar günlük hayatta, eğitim ortamlarında başta
olmak üzere sosyal yaşam içerisinde en çok kullandığımız konuşma
türlerindendir. Hayatımızın her aşamasında oldukça önemli bir yeri olan
hazırlıksız konuşmalar öğrencilerin yaptıkları konuşmaların büyük kısmını
oluşturur. Hazırlıksız konuşmaların niteliği ve etkililiği kişinin kelime
hazinesiyle doğru orantılıdır. Zengin bir kelime hazinesine sahip olan insanın
etkili ve güzel hazırlıksız konuşmalar yapma oranı oldukça yüksektir.
Araştırmamız bu kapsamda öğrencilerin hazırlıksız konuşmalarında kelime
hazinesi katsayılarını tespit etmeyi amaç edinmiştir. Kelime hazinesi katsayısı, kişinin
kullandığı farklı kelime sayısının toplam kelime sayısına bölünmesiyle elde
edilen bir değeri ifade eder. Bu değeri 0
(sıfır) ile 1 (bir) arasında değişir. Kelime hazinesi katsayısı (Karadağ, 2018)
dil eğitimi araştırmaları için bir değişken önerisi olarak sunulmuştur.
Araştırmamızda amaçlı örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen ortaokul 6 ve 7. Sınıf
öğrencilerinin kelime hazinesi katsayıları hesaplanmış ve farklı değişkenlere
göre durumları incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda öğrencilere uzman görüşleri
neticesinde oluşturulmuş 5 öyküleyici anlatım 5 adet de açıklayıcı anlatım
olmak üzere 10 adet konu verilmiştir. Öğrenciler kendilerine verilen konulardan
her iki anlatım tarzından da birer adet olmak üzere hazırlıksız konuşmalar
yapmıştır. Öğrencilerin hazırlıksız konuşmaları ses kayıt cihazı ile kayıt
edilmiş ve araştırmacı tarafından yazıya aktarılmıştır. Ardından (Bayburtlu,
2019) kelime hazinesi katsayısı değerlendirme ölçeği’ne göre incelenmiştir.
Araştırma sonuçlarına göre araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin yarısından
fazlasının kelime hazinesi katsayılarının orta düzeyde olduğu anlaşılmıştır.
Specialists for Modernisation. Discussion about Training of Specialists for the Electro-Technical Industry in Russia on the Cusp of 19th-20th Centuries
Authors: Bessolitsyn Alexander
Published: February 2020

The article is dedicated to the topic, which is important at present time: formation of human capital as an important factor of the social and economic development of society. Modernization of education plays an essential part in terms of the development of human capital during all historical stages and its importance grows significantly alongside with the economic growth of the country. The role of education and necessity to improve its quality became of significant value for Russia during the economic modernization on the cusp of the 19th–20th centuries. In this article, the author makes an attempt to analyze the experience of formation of different levels of electro-technical education during the economic modernization, as well as to reveal the role of civil society in this process. The Russian economic modernization implied the formation of a competitive industrial complex, which included mining, manufacturing industries and transport. The electro-technical industry, which was lacking trained personnel, was the most quickly developing one. The discussion in the relevant journals as well as during the work of All-Russia electro-technical congresses set up, to the most extent, the main ways to form all the levels of electro-technical education, which helped to train personnel for the respective industry. The author analyzed both the available experience in realization of lower and secondary specialized electro-technical education and the new approaches to its organization, developed mostly in the Electro-technical department of the Emperor’s Russian Technical Society (ERTS). Apart from that, there was a curious attempt to open a higher electro-technical school in Moscow based on the European (mostly French) experience, which was oriented mostly towards additional training of the already working engineering and technical specialists.