bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Automated Method for Annual Cropland Mapping along the Season for Various Globally-Distributed Agrosystems Using High Spatial and Temporal Resolution Time Series
Authors: Matton Nicolas , Canto Guadalupe , Waldner François , Valero Silvia , Morin David , Inglada Jordi , Arias Marcela , Bontemps Sophie , Koetz Benjamin , Defourny Pierre
Published: October 2015

Cropland mapping relies heavily on field data for algorithm calibration, making it, in many cases, applicable only at the field campaign scale. While the recently launched Sentinel-2 satellite will be able to deliver time series over large regions, it will not really be compatible with the current mapping approach or the available in situ data. This research introduces a generic methodology for mapping annual cropland along the season at high spatial resolution with the use of globally available baseline land cover and no need for field data. The methodology is based on cropland-specific temporal features, which are able to cope with the diversity of agricultural systems, prior information from which mislabeled pixels have been removed and a cost-effective classifier. Thanks to the JECAM network, eight sites across the world were selected for global cropland mapping benchmarking. Accurate cropland maps were produced at the end of the season, showing an overall accuracy of more than 85%. Early cropland maps were also obtained at three-month intervals after the beginning of the growing season, and these showed reasonable accuracy at the three-month stage (>70% overall accuracy) and progressive improvement along the season. The trimming-based method was found to be key for using spatially coarse baseline land cover information and, thus, avoiding costly field campaigns for prior information retrieval. The accuracy and timeliness of the proposed approach shows that it has substantial potential for operational agriculture monitoring programs.
Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Global NDVI Trends: Correlations with Climate and Human Factors
Authors: Liu Ya , Li Yan , Li Shuangcheng , Motesharrei Safa
Published: October 2015

Changes in vegetation activity are driven by multiple natural and anthropogenic factors, which can be reflected by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from satellites. In this paper, NDVI trends from 1982 to 2012 are first estimated by the Theil–Sen median slope method to explore their spatial and temporal patterns. Then, the impact of climate variables and human activity on the observed NDVI trends is analyzed. Our results show that on average, NDVI increased by 0.46 × 10−3 per year from 1982 to 2012 globally with decadal variations. For most regions of the world, a greening (increasing)–browning (decreasing)–greening (G-B-G) trend is observed over the periods 1982–2004, 1995–2004, and 2005–2012, respectively. A positive partial correlation of NDVI and temperature is observed in the first period but it decreases and occasionally becomes negative in the following periods, especially in the Humid Temperate and Dry Domain Regions. This suggests a weakened effect of temperature on vegetation growth. Precipitation, on the other hand, is found to have a positive impact on the NDVI trend. This effect becomes stronger in the third period of 1995–2004, especially in the Dry Domain Region. Anthropogenic effects and human activities, derived here from the Human Footprint Dataset and the associated Human Influence Index (HII), have varied impacts on the magnitude (absolute value) of the NDVI trends across continents. Significant positive effects are found in Asia, Africa, and Europe, suggesting that intensive human activity could accelerate the change in NDVI and vegetation. A more accurate attribution of vegetation change to specific climatic and anthropogenic factors is instrumental to understand vegetation dynamics and requires further research.
Combined Multi-Temporal Optical and Radar Parameters for Estimating LAI and Biomass in Winter Wheat Using HJ and RADARSAR-2 Data
Authors: Jin Xiuliang , Yang Guijun , Xu Xingang , Yang Hao , Feng Haikuan , Li Zhenhai , Shen Jiaxiao , Lan Yubin , Zhao Chunjiang
Published: October 2015

Leaf area index (LAI) and biomass are frequently used target variables for agricultural and ecological remote sensing applications. Ground measurements of winter wheat LAI and biomass were made from March to May 2014 in the Yangling district, Shaanxi, Northwest China. The corresponding remotely sensed data were obtained from the earth-observation satellites Huanjing (HJ) and RADARSAT-2. The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the relationships of LAI and biomass with several optical spectral vegetation indices (OSVIs) and radar polarimetric parameters (RPPs), (2) to estimate LAI and biomass with combined OSVIs and RPPs (the product of OSVIs and RPPs (COSVI-RPPs)), (3) to use multiple stepwise regression (MSR) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) to test and compare the estimations of LAI and biomass in winter wheat, respectively. The results showed that LAI and biomass were highly correlated with several OSVIs (the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and modified triangular vegetation index 2 (MTVI2)) and RPPs (the radar vegetation index (RVI) and double-bounce eigenvalue relative difference (DERD)). The product of MTVI2 and DERD (R2 = 0.67 and RMSE = 0.68, p < 0.01) and that of MTVI2 and RVI (R2 = 0. 68 and RMSE = 0.65, p < 0.01) were strongly related to LAI, and the product of the optimized soil adjusted vegetation index (OSAVI) and DERD (R2 = 0.79 and RMSE = 148.65 g/m2, p < 0.01) and that of EVI and RVI (R2 = 0. 80 and RMSE = 146.33 g/m2, p < 0.01) were highly correlated with biomass. The estimation accuracy of LAI and biomass was better using the COSVI-RPPs than using the OSVIs and RPPs alone. The results revealed that the PLSR regression equation better estimated LAI and biomass than the MSR regression equation based on all the COSVI-RPPs, OSVIs, and RPPs. Our results indicated that the COSVI-RPPs can be used to robustly estimate LAI and biomass. This study may provide a guideline for improving the estimations of LAI and biomass of winter wheat using multisource remote sensing data.
Cell Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles As an Emerging Antibacterial Vaccine Platform
Authors: Angsantikul Pavimol , Thamphiwatana Soracha , Gao Weiwei , Zhang Liangfang
Published: October 2015

Nanoparticles have demonstrated unique advantages in enhancing immunotherapy potency and have drawn increasing interest in developing safe and effective vaccine formulations. Recent technological advancement has led to the discovery and development of cell membrane-coated nanoparticles, which combine the rich functionalities of cellular membranes and the engineering flexibility of synthetic nanomaterials. This new class of biomimetic nanoparticles has inspired novel vaccine design strategies with strong potential for modulating antibacterial immunity. This article will review recent progress on using cell membrane-coated nanoparticles for antibacterial vaccination. Specifically, two major development strategies will be discussed, namely (i) vaccination against virulence factors through bacterial toxin sequestration; and (ii) vaccination against pathogens through mimicking bacterial antigen presentation.
Les chartes de commune de Buironfosse et du Nouvion-en-Thiérache, filiales de la charte de Prisches
Authors: Sivéry Gérard
Published: October 2015

In the Thiérache forest, the lean communities which had settled in the clearings well before the year One Thousand, grow in size throught the xith and xnth centuries. Parts either of the Empire of the French Kingdom, they have their rights acknowledged by the Lords of Avesnes and Guise, who then held the civil power. The resist the latest settled local lords, whose role they do not understand. Certain communities of pioneers are even granted communal right : it is the case of certain subsidiaries of Prisches, like Le Nouvion-en- Thiérache and Buironfosse. Theirs entitles them to a total administrative and financial autonomy, as well as the right of life and eath. One even notes a federation of communes around Nouvion-en-Thiérache.
Mendier sa vie au XVIIIe siècle : de la résignation à la révolte (Amiens, 1764-1789)
Authors: Engrand Charles
Published: October 2015

Tijdens de laatste decennia van het Ancien Régime blijft de bedelarij een ernstig pro- bleem in Amiens, op dat ogenblik een grote fabrieksstad met 5000 weefgetouwen voor stoffen in fijne wol. Het verschijnsel weerspiegelt de evolutie van de industriële activiteit en van de graanprijzen en blijft een zorg voor de overheid, die regelmatig nieuwe maatre- gelen treft om de bedelarij te bestraffen te reglementeren of te verbieden aan de inwoners en de vreemdelingen. Bij de stichting van een Bureau des Pauvres in 1778 hoopt men zelfs de bedelarij uit te roeien dank zij een rationele aanpak van de bij stand. Maar de econo- mische crisis van 1788-1789 verhindert dit. Duizenden arbeiders komen in opstand tegen werkloosheid en honger en eisen de opening van bijstandswerkplaatsen die weldra haar- den van onrust worden. De bedelarij, die nu massale proporties aanneemt, vergroot de kloof tussen arm en rijk. In een politiek troebel jaar komt het tot botsingen die de gehele gemeenschap van Amiens schokken en verdelen.
Le procès du magistrat d'Orchies après l'occupation autrichienne de 1793-1794
Authors: Robinet René
Published: October 2015

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Gedurende de Oostenrijkse bezetting die 14 maand duurde wordt Orchies bestuurd door een nieuw korps van magistraten benoemd door de « jointe » van Valenciennes op voor- dracht van de vroegere landsheren. Wat is hun lot na de herovering door de légers van de Republiek op 15 juli 1794. Na twee processen in november 1794 en maart 1795 waarin zowel gunstige als ongunstige argumenten naar voor werden gebracht, worden de 16 bes- chuldigde magistraten van Orchies vrijgesproken.
La Morale du Temps (1700). Un traité antiféministe d'origine valenciennoise conservé en manuscrit aux Facultés Catholiques de Lille
Authors: Platelle Henri
Published: October 2015

Dit krachtig antifeministisch geschrift schittert niet door enige oorspronkelijkheid (de vrouw wordt voorgesteld als een minderwaardig wezen, een gelegenheid tot zonde, een onverdraaglijk schepsel) ; men kan het situeren in een oude traditie waarvan men het belang niet mag overschatten. Dit traktaat is im twee redenen belangrijk. Primo : de ano- niem gebleven auteur is zeker een priester in functie in Valenciennes in 1700, toen Féne- lon dus — een helemaal anders gericht leider — het diocees Kamerrijk bestuurde, waarvan Valenciennes afhing. Secundo : het werk is blijkbaar geschreven door een echt schrij- ver begaafd met een zeker gevoel voor de taal en een geduchte pen. De ontelbare portretten en zedenschetsen waarvan sommige echte meesterwerkjes zijn getuigen daarvan.En dat is dan een positief punt in dit werk dat op een onzinnige manier antifeministisch is.
Le Journal des connaissances utiles de Girardin (1831-1836...) ou la première réussite de la presse à bon marché
Authors: Albert Pierre
Published: October 2015

De «Journal des connaissances utiles » werd einde 1831 opgericht door Girardin en kende bliksemsnel sukses : 125 000 abonnées midden 1833, dan een snelle afgang : nog 60 000 in 1834 en 20 000 in 1835. De studie van dit blad werpt licht op die uitgaven (boe- ken en tijdschriften) met een vulgariserend karakter (onderwijs en cultuur) die na 1830 zoveel sukses kenden. Het is gedccltelijk een voorbeeld van de bloei van geïllustreerde volksbladen. Men moet in dit verband ook het belang van de Engelse invloed nagaan : was Girardin de Franse Brougham ? De studie biedt ook een analyse van de commerciële en journalistieke methoden van Girardin die toen op het punt stond zijn dagblad te lanceren, tegen een jaarlijkse abonnementsprijs van 40 francs.

De « Journal des connaissances utiles » heeft aan het licht gebracht dat er een énorme weet- en leesgierigheid bestond in de « midden » -klassen en dat zal in de volgende jaren impulsen geven voor een verdere uitbreiding van de markt voor de pers.
Les « héros subalternes » dans la littérature du milieu du XVIIIe siècle et la réhabilitation du militaire
Authors: Corvisier André
Published: October 2015

Les éphémérides militaires font généralement connaître les noms des chefs et le nombre des hommes de troupes. Les noms des simples soldats n'apparaissent qu'exceptionnellement à l'occasion d'une action d'éclat. La publication au lendemain de la bataille de Fontenoy du médiocre roman de Godard d'Aucourt, L'Académie militaire ou les héros subalternes met à la mode cette dernière expression et l'attention est attirée sur « les petits, les sans grades » sans qui la victoire ne serait pas possible. Ce courant d'idée conduira à l'exaltation de la mort-sacrifice illustrée par le chevalier d'Assas et, joint aux réminiscences antiques, permettre la glorification par la Révolution du soldat-citoyen.
L'enseignement primaire dans l'arrondissement de Lille en 1789 et en 1801
Authors: Marchand Philippe
Published: October 2015

Op 1 maart 1801 verzoekt Chaptal, minister van binnenlandse zaken, de prefecten een statistiek over hun département op te stellen. Hij drong er meer bepaald op aan de toestand van het lager onderwijs in 1789 en 1801 te beschrijven. In het département van het Noorden werd dit onderzoek met zorg uitgevoerd. Men heeft altijd gedacht dat de antwoorden verlo- ren waren. Wij zijn erin geslaagd de antwoorden uit de gemeenten in het arrondissement Rijsel terug te vinden. Zo krijgen wij een precies beeld van de situatie voor en na de Revolutie : van het scholennet, de graad van scolarisatie, het gemengd onderwijs, de duur en de inhoud van het onderwijs. Het grote belang van dit onderzoek is dat men eruit kan afleiden dat de impact van de Revolutie in het arrondissement Rijsel zeer beperkt is geweest. De Revolutie vernietigt het lager onderwijs niet, maar verandert de structuren.
Les pouvoirs locaux et les débuts de la formation professionnelle dans le Nord sous la Troisième République (1880-1914)
Authors: Vandenbussche Robert
Published: October 2015

In a region like the North were industrial growth was fast, one could have expected a rapid progress in the training of skilled workers. However, begore 1900, imitiatives were scarce, except for the creation of the Ecole Professionnelle in Armentières in 1887 and the municipal courses organized by some towns founded in the North : the commercial and industrial Ecole Pratique in Fourmies and the industrial Ecole Pratique in Lille.

After 1900 the initiatives were multiplied thanks to the common efforts of two men : Gustave Dron, member of Parliament and mayor of Tourcoing, and Edouard Labbé, general inspector of technical education. Those two men brought the problems out and favoured new foundations that's how the chief industrial towns, according to the 1892 law were provided with technical schools : Tourcoing, Roubaix, Denain, Maubeuge, Valenciennes, Douai, Dunkerque.

This development of technical education was not simple. It raised financial problems that town councils had to solve. But it also pointed to fundamental problems : who should technical training responsibilities fall on ? Firms or public authorities ? Opposed interest hampered the efforts made to structure technical training. But this couldn't prevent the North from becoming the department where technical education started awaking interest.
Entre Arras et Douai : les moulins de la Scarpe au XIe siècle et les détournements de la Satis
Authors: Lohrmann Dietrich
Published: October 2015

Dès 1020, au nord d'Arras, l'abbaye de Saint-Vaast pousse au maximum l'utilisation de la force hydraulique, répondant ainsi à une demande accrue de la population. Plus en aval, la ville nouvelle de Douai manque d'eau aussi bien pour ses moulins que pour sa navigation et sa défense. La rivière antique de la Satis est détournée en deux endroits : à Vitry, entre 940 et — au plus tard — 1038, à Arleux, probablement vers 1050-1070. Un plan de 1580 montre le système de 17 moulins de Douai qui doit remonter, en partie au moins, au XIe siècle.
Un conflit économique entre Lille et Roubaix (1553)
Authors: Baelde M.
Published: October 2015

Il est intéressant de noter que les temps de crise pendant l'Ancien Régime provoquent beaucoup de conflits entre les grandes villes d'une part et les petites villes et les régions rurales d'autre part.

Un bel exemple dans ce sens là constitue le long conflit économique entre Lille et Roubaix ; un procès est introduit en 1553 devant le Conseil Privé à Bruxelles concernant les possibilités économiques de Roubaix, contestés par Lille. Les arguments de Roubaix contiennent entre autres que « audit Roubaix n'y a passaige, rivière n'y autre moyen de gaigner que au filler et faire ouvraiges de tripes de velours et bourgetries ». Malgré l'opposition de Lille, on constate que le Conseil Privé arrive à la conclusion que « lesdits manans dudit Roubaix pourraient faire et exercer de grosses estoffes ». On peut donc conclure qu'un compromis raisonnable fut atteint en 1553.
On the Way to Sustainable (Well-Being) Tourism Destination? The Case of Savonlinna Town in Finland
Authors: Tuohino Anja , Honkanen Antti
Published: October 2015

The purpose of the study is to test if the model of a sustainable wellness destination developed by Sheldon and Park, adapted from Ritchie and Crouch, could be used while defining the Savonlinna town in Eastern Finland in the context of well-being/wellness tourism. The data for this
article are based on interviews conducted in the region during 2009 and 2010. There was much discussion on Savonlinna's assets for well-being tourism. The overall finding is that the status of Savonlinna as a sustainable well-being tourism destination was more in the minds of the interviewees
than on a tangible, practical level. The well-being segment was still seen to be limited and fragmentary.
Implications of Cultural Differences for Expatriate Managers in the Global Hotel Industry
Authors: Lee Timothy J.
Published: October 2015

The purpose of this article is to explore the concept of expatriate managers as an emerging phenomenon in the context of the international hotel industry. Expatriate managers face significant challenges due to cultural differences when operating and managing hotels in foreign countries. The article explains culture and cultural values, and analyzes the implications for expatriate managers with respect to the three basic dimensions of cultural values: individualism/collectivism, power distance, and uncertainty avoidance. Recommendations are provided, drawn from the perspectives of expatriate managers themselves and international hotel corporations. The article also provides insights into the implications of cultural differences for expatriate hotel managers and how they can adjust to the different working environment.
Business Tourism Development on the Basis of Public–Private Partnership
Authors: Yermachenko Vladimyr , Dekhtyar Nadiya , Dorokhov Oleksandr
Published: October 2015

The indicators of business tourism reflect the background of a national economy support, the openness of business environment in general. The article discusses the relevant problems of tourism in Ukraine in accordance with the global trends in the world services market. The research
covers statistical observations, contradictions, and challenges in the formation of a model of recreational planning and, using the prominent experience of tourism-leading countries in the national strategies, highlights advantages and disadvantages of construction of large-scale convention
centers as elements of business tourism. Tourist flows for Ukraine are estimated as rather unstable, which substantiates the necessity of monitoring of the national tourism market. The creation of an integrated warehouse for tourism data is needed, either for governmental institutions, local
administrations, or private companies, which could receive updated information on the state of the market. Public–private partnership in this will enable access to extra funds in order to use IT technologies in tourism warehouse maintenance, while the private participants will enrich
their market research. The ability to evaluate foreign economic operations in trade in services is intended to solve the break in information support of tourism development in Ukraine.
Ploidy and domestication are associated with genome size variation in Palms
Authors: Gunn Bee F. , Baudouin Luc , Beulé Thierry , Ilbert Pascal , Duperray Christophe , Crisp Michael , Issali Auguste , Konan Jean‐Louis , Rival Alain
Published: October 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

The genome size of a species (C‐value) is associated with growth, development and adaptation to environmental changes. Angiosperm C‐values range 1200‐fold and frequently vary within species, although little is known about the impacts of domestication on genome size. Genome size variation among related species of palms is of evolutionary significance because changes characterize clades and may be associated with polyploidy, transposon amplifications, deletions, or rearrangements. Further knowledge of genome size will provide crucial information needed for planning of whole genome sequencing and accurate annotations. We studied the genome size of Cocos nucifera and its variation among cultivars, and compared it to values for related palms from the Attaleinae subtribe.

METHODS:

Flow cytometric analysis of isolated nuclei from young palm leaves was used to estimate genome sizes of 23 coconut cultivars (Talls, Dwarfs, and hybrids) worldwide and 17 Cocoseae species. Ancestral genome size was reconstructed on a maximum likelihood phylogeny of Attaleinae from seven WRKY loci.

KEY RESULTS:

The coconut genome is large—averaging 5.966 pg—and shows intraspecific variation associated with domestication. Variation among Tall coconuts was significantly greater than among Dwarfs. Attaleinae genomes showed moderate size variation across genera, except polyploids Jubaeopsis caffra, Voanioala gerardii, Beccariophoenix alfredii, and Allagoptera caudescens, which had larger genomes.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results contribute to the understanding of the relationship between domestication and genome size in long‐lived tree crops and provide a basis for whole‐genome sequencing of the coconut and other domesticated plants. Polyploidy evolved independently in two clades within Attaleinae.
Nitro-Grela-type complexes containing iodides – robust and selective catalysts for olefin metathesis under challenging conditions
Authors: Tracz Andrzej , Matczak Mateusz , Urbaniak Katarzyna , Skowerski Krzysztof
Published: October 2015

Iodide-containing nitro-Grela-type catalysts have been synthesized and applied to ring closing metathesis (RCM) and cross metathesis (CM) reactions. These new catalysts have exhibited improved efficiency in the transformation of sterically, non-demanding alkenes. Additional steric hindrance in the vicinity of ruthenium related to the presence of iodides ensures enhanced catalyst stability. The benefits are most apparent under challenging conditions, such as very low reaction concentrations, protic solvents or with the occurrence of impurities.
The Safety and Efficacy of Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir for the Treatment of a Nosocomial Outbreak of HCV in Patients with Significant Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Simon Tracey G , Kim Arthur Y , Stamm Luisa M , Liu Lin , Mo Hongmei , Doehle Brian , Pang Phillip S , Brainard Diana M , McHutchison John G , Gustafson Jenna , Lauer Georg M , Chung Raymond T
Published: October 2015

Background

There is an unmet need for interferon-and ribavirin-free treatment for chronic HCV infection in patients with comorbidities including cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the rates of sustained virological response (SVR) and adverse events in a cohort of patients with nosocomially acquired HCV genotype-1b following 12 weeks of therapy with fixed-dose combination (FDC) ledipasvir/ sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF).

Methods

This is a prospective, single-centre, open-label study of five non-cirrhotic patients with HCV genotype-1b and significant comorbid CVD, conducted at the Massachusetts General Hospital. All patients were prescribed an FDC tablet (LDV 90 mg/SOF 400 mg) once daily for 12 weeks. Serial measurements of safety parameters, virology, host immune correlates and adherence were performed. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with SVR (plasma HCV RNA level <25 IU/ml), 12 weeks after treatment completion (SVR12).

Results

All five patients (100%) achieved SVR12, with no episodes of on- or post-treatment relapse. The most commonly reported adverse events were gastrointestinal illness and upper respiratory viral-type illness. There were no serious adverse events or discontinuations of medication attributable to the study drug. Deep sequencing analysis revealed no baseline NS3, NS5A or NS5B resistance-associated variants.

Conclusions

In this open-label, uncontrolled, pilot study enrolling patients with HCV genotype-1b and significant CVD, administration of a fixed-dose, oral combination of LDV and SOF for 12 weeks was associated with high rates of SVR and minimal adverse events. Larger prospective studies that also include patients with cirrhosis and prior treatment non-responders are necessary.
Mise en scène institutionnelle des agirs d’une personnalité limite
Authors: Devaux Anaïs
Published: October 2015

Les passages à l’acte chez les personnalités dites limites peuvent être un moyen bruyant d’expression de leur souffrance, de leur conflictualité non élaborable, mais aussi un langage à décoder. Le parcours de soin de Jade, au sein d’une clinique psychiatrique, a suggéré à l’institution de prendre une position autre. Faire avec les équipes soignantes un pas de côté pour apporter de nouvelles réponses que celles reçues jusqu’alors. La réflexion mutuelle, la position commune de l’institution a pu permettre à la patiente de faire l’expérience de la mise en mot plutôt que de la mise en acte.
L’Agenda 2063, un cadre collectif et participatif pour une Afrique unie et prospère
Authors: Gambotti Christian
Published: October 2015

L’Agenda 2063, s’il relève de l’utopie, fixe néanmoins un cadre pour construire une Afrique prospère, unie et pacifique. Il complète et dépasse les coopérations commerciales telles que le NEPAD, en cela qu’il intègre tout à la fois un socle socioculturel et historique commun, le panafricanisme, et une pluralité d’États-nations – affirmés par la rémanence des frontières. On peut être optimiste quant à l’avènement d’une Afrique forte et unie qui s’appuie sur sa démographie, un cadre collectif et participatif prodigué par l’Union africaine, et une ouverture sur le monde.
L’Agenda 2063 et l’application des principes de bonne gouvernance : le cas de la Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Niamien N’Goran Emmanuel
Published: October 2015

L’unité, la prospérité et la sécurité promues par l’Agenda 2063 pour l’Afrique ne pourront se réaliser que par une mobilisation de tous. Celle-ci passe par l’application des principes de « bonne gouvernance ». En Côte d’Ivoire, un certain nombre de mesures et d’institutions ont été mises en place pour concrétiser ces principes et mettre fin au climat d’insécurité nationale. Le Président Alassane Ouattara s’attelle fermement à restaurer l’autorité de l’État et assainir le pays de la corruption. L’amélioration des services publics et l’efficacité de l’Administration seront indispensables – avec la « bonne gouvernance » – au développement de la Côte d’Ivoire.
From Internal Branding to Cultural Transformation
Authors: Matiatou Maria
Published: October 2015

The primary objective of this paper is to explore internal branding as a corporate philosophy: assess the relevance of its values, evaluate the tactics implemented, the nature of the internal communications involved, the outcomes thereof and its role as critical bridge over vision, culture and image gaps. It also aims at bringing awareness on failure possibilities and risks involved when internal constituencies do not fulfill their role as brand ambassadors. Following an overview of the internal branding methodology and literature, perceptions of employees on internal brand communication practices are captured and matched to aspirations, missions and values in different companies. Internal communication and branding outcomes are organically attached to the nexus of corporate identity; alignment of values and beliefs promotes brand identification, integrates practices, boosts loyalty and helps the organization speak in one voice. While some companies have managed to exemplify this strategy through honest and consistent efforts, it is unsafe to generalize the assumption across different industries that normally fail to undertake effective internal branding initiatives through their corporate communication department to strengthen their brands. It is therefore worth evaluating methods that can align theory, intentions and practice.
Implementing Integrated Information Systems Project for Police Stations in Thailand
Authors: Charoen Danuvasin
Published: October 2015

In 2012, the Royal Thai Police launched “C.R.I.M.E.S.”-“Criminal Record and Information Management Enterprise Systems” – as the largest-scale information systems project ever to be implemented in the organization. The new system aimed to reduce duplicate work in all 1,400 police stations by digitizing all documents and providing a centralized database whereby information could be shared among all police officers. However, most users were accustomed to working with pen and paper and did not want to learn the new skill needed to interact with C.R.I.M.E.S. Other users, convinced that the purpose of the new system was “catch their mistakes,” were also unenthusiastic. In addition, the information in C.R.I.M.E.S overlapped with other legacy systems, and this overlap created confusion among users because they had to enter the same information into many systems at the same time. Hence, the police had to decide what strategies and measures should be used to ensure the success of C.R.I.M.E.S.
Cellular Dynamics of Memory B Cell Populations: IgM+ and IgG+ Memory B Cells Persist Indefinitely as Quiescent Cells
Authors: Jones Derek D. , Wilmore Joel R. , Allman David
Published: October 2015

Despite their critical role in long-term immunity, the life span of individual memory B cells remains poorly defined. Using a tetracycline-regulated pulse-chase system, we measured population turnover rates and individual t1/2 of pre-established Ag-induced Ig class-switched and IgM-positive memory B cells over 402 d. Our results indicate that, once established, both IgG-positive and less frequent IgM-positive memory populations are exceptionally stable, with little evidence of attrition or cellular turnover. Indeed, the vast majority of cells in both pools exhibited t1/2 that appear to exceed the life span of the mouse, contrasting dramatically with mature naive B cells. These results indicate that recall Ab responses are mediated by stable pools of extremely long-lived cells, and suggest that Ag-experienced B cells employ remarkably efficient survival mechanisms.
High rates of same-sex attraction/gender nonconformity in the offspring of mothers with thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy: proposal of prenatal thyroid model
Authors: Sabuncuoglu Osman
Published: October 2015

Both youngsters and adults with same-sex attraction are at greater risk for negative health outcomes. Despite mounting efforts to determine the biological background, a satisfactory conclusion has not been reached and there is a need to explore alternate factors like functioning of thyroid system during pregnancy. A retrospective chart review was undertaken of 790 eligible children and adolescents who had been admitted to child psychiatry between 2005 and 2013. This population consisted of 520 (65%) males and 270 (35%) females, aged 8 to 17 years. Fifteen mothers (1.8%) were found to have a history of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy. Sixteen youngsters (2%) had a history of same-sex attraction. Twelve overlapping cases with both same-sex attraction and maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy were identified, which was extremely significant (P<0.0001, by Fisher’s exact test). The association was also significant for each sex (P<0.0001, by Fisher’s exact test). There is evidence that thyroid gland plays a crucial and decisive role in determining sexual orientation in people. Maternal thyroid dysfunctions during pregnancy may result in homosexual orientation in the offspring.
Current State of Animal (Mouse) Modeling in Melanoma Research
Authors: Kuzu Omer F. , Nguyen Felix D. , Noory Mohammad A. , Sharma Arati
Published: October 2015

Despite the considerable progress in understanding the biology of human cancer and technological advancement in drug discovery, treatment failure remains an inevitable outcome for most cancer patients with advanced diseases, including melanoma. Despite FDA-approved BRAF-targeted therapies for advanced stage melanoma showed a great deal of promise, development of rapid resistance limits the success. Hence, the overall success rate of melanoma therapy still remains to be one of the worst compared to other malignancies. Advancement of next-generation sequencing technology allowed better identification of alterations that trigger melanoma development. As development of successful therapies strongly depends on clinically relevant preclinical models, together with the new findings, more advanced melanoma models have been generated. In this article, besides traditional mouse models of melanoma, we will discuss recent ones, such as patient-derived tumor xenografts, topically inducible BRAF mouse model and RCAS/TVA-based model, and their advantages as well as limitations. Although mouse models of melanoma are often criticized as poor predictors of whether an experimental drug would be an effective treatment, development of new and more relevant models could circumvent this problem in the near future.
Iron Oxide as an Mri Contrast Agent for Cell Tracking: Supplementary Issue
Authors: Korchinski Daniel J. , Taha May , Yang Runze , Nathoo Nabeela , Dunn Jeff F.
Published: October 2015

Iron oxide contrast agents have been combined with magnetic resonance imaging for cell tracking. In this review, we discuss coating properties and provide an overview of ex vivo and in vivo labeling of different cell types, including stem cells, red blood cells, and monocytes/macrophages. Furthermore, we provide examples of applications of cell tracking with iron contrast agents in stroke, multiple sclerosis, cancer, arteriovenous malformations, and aortic and cerebral aneurysms. Attempts at quantifying iron oxide concentrations and other vascular properties are examined. We advise on designing studies using iron contrast agents including methods for validation.
Efeitos do exercício físico na epilepsia em humanos:
Authors: Häfele César Augusto , Freitas Matheus Pintanel , Rombaldi Airton José
Published: October 2015

Objetivo. Compreender os efeitos de exercícios físicos em indivíduos com epilepsia. Método. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática das ba­ses de dados PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, Bireme e SciELO, com as palavras-chave: Physical Activity; Physical Exercise; Motor Activity; Epilepsy; Humans. Foram excluídos todos os artigos com amostra menor que cinco pessoas; que não apresentassem no título palavras que indicassem movimento; que indicassem no título e resumo que a amostra possuía alguma doença associada ou fosse composta por ani­mais; ou estudos que não realizaram intervenções. Resultados. Foram encontrados 136 artigos. Após a exclusão dos duplicados e aplicação dos critérios de exclusão restaram nove artigos. Desses, cinco eram experimentais, dois quasi-experimentais e dois ensaios clínicos ran­domizados. Dos cinco estudos que consideraram os efeitos agudos, nenhum relatou indução de crises epilépticas em consequência do exercício. Quando foram analisados os efeitos crônicos, o exercício foi eficaz para melhorar variáveis psicológicas, comportamentais e fi­siológicas. No entanto, a relação crônica entre o exercício físico e a epilepsia não é conclusiva devido ao baixo número e qualidade das publicações. Conclusão. Conclui-se que o exercício físico não é um indutor de crises e pode melhorar aspectos gerais de saúde e qualidade de vida dessas pessoas.
Objetivo. Compreender os efeitos de exercícios físicos em indivíduos com epilepsia. Método. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática das ba­ses de dados PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, Bireme e SciELO, com as palavras-chave: Physical Activity; Physical Exercise; Motor Activity; Epilepsy; Humans. Foram excluídos todos os artigos com amostra menor que cinco pessoas; que não apresentassem no título palavras que indicassem movimento; que indicassem no título e resumo que a amostra possuía alguma doença associada ou fosse composta por ani­mais; ou estudos que não realizaram intervenções. Resultados. Foram encontrados 136 artigos. Após a exclusão dos duplicados e aplicação dos critérios de exclusão restaram nove artigos. Desses, cinco eram experimentais, dois quasi-experimentais e dois ensaios clínicos ran­domizados. Dos cinco estudos que consideraram os efeitos agudos, nenhum relatou indução de crises epilépticas em consequência do exercício. Quando foram analisados os efeitos crônicos, o exercício foi eficaz para melhorar variáveis psicológicas, comportamentais e fi­siológicas. No entanto, a relação crônica entre o exercício físico e a epilepsia não é conclusiva devido ao baixo número e qualidade das publicações. Conclusão. Conclui-se que o exercício físico não é um indutor de crises e pode melhorar aspectos gerais de saúde e qualidade de vida dessas pessoas.
Hemorragia intracerebral por rotura de aneurisma infeccioso. Apresentação habitual de uma entidade infrequente
Authors: Araujo João Luiz Vitorino , Ferraz Vinicius Ricieri , Prôa Júnior Silva , Veiga José Carlos Esteves
Published: October 2015

Objetivo. Descrição de hemorragia intracerebral secundária a rotura de aneurisma infeccioso manifestada por uma síndrome neurológica clássica. Método. Relato de caso e breve revisão da literatura. Resulta­dos. A correlação clínico-radiológica permitiu no caso apresentado o correto diagnóstico topográfico e etiológico da lesão. Dentre os diver­sos tipos de tratamento de aneurismas infecciosos algumas terapias são propostas, no caso descrito os autores optaram pela antibioticoterapia juntamente com o tratamento neurocirúrgico endovascular. O exame de angiografia controle evidenciou completa oclusão da lesão e no se­guimento ambulatorial o paciente apresentou boa evolução clínica. Conclusões. O exame físico associado a minuciosa história clínica são recursos indispensáveis ao médico. Esses recursos permitiram em con­junto com a avaliação radiológica complementar, arsenal terapêutico disponível e equipe de reabilitação multidisciplinar propiciar excelen­te evolução e recuperação funcional do paciente.
Neurotoxoplasmose e Neurocisticercose em Paciente com AIDS
Authors: Martins Jossuel Carvalho Melo , Cruzeiro Marcelo Maroco , Pires Leopoldo Antônio
Published: October 2015

Objetivo. Relatar um caso de coinfecção por neurotoxoplasmose e neurocisticercose em mulher acometida pela AIDS. Método. Relato de caso prospectivo, descritivo e contemporâneo de paciente do sexo feminino, 36 anos, com quadro clínico compatível com síndrome de hipertensão intracraniana. Os exames complementares diagnostica­ram neurotoxoplasmose e a sorologia anti-HIV foi positiva. Evolui, após semanas, com crises convulsivas e exames subsidiários de imagem demonstrando neurocisticercose. Resultados. As infecções oportunis­tas relacionadas à AIDS são frequentes. A neurotoxoplasmose é cau­sada pelo protozoário Toxoplasma gondii e principal causa de lesão intracraniana expansiva em pacientes com AIDS. A neurocisticercose, provocada por cisticercos (Cysticercus cellulosae ou C. racemosus), formas larvárias da Taenia solium, é bastante prevalente em nosso meio. Conclusão. Após suspeição clínico-radiológica de neurotoxo­plasmose, torna-se imperativo realização de teste anti-HIV, devido sua elevada frequência neste grupo de pacientes. Já a comorbidade neurocisticercose e AIDS é achado excepcional, resultado mais prova­velmente de mera coincidência, sem qualquer vínculo predisponente entre si.
Uso dos anti-inflamatórios não esteroides no controle da dor aguda
Authors: Figueiredo Washington Luís Melo , Alves Túlio César Azevedo
Published: October 2015

Objetivo. Revisar na literatura a eficácia e a segurança dos AINEs no controle da dor aguda, quando usados isoladamente ou através da analgesia multimodal. Método. Revisão sistemática sobre o uso dos anti-inflamatórios não esteroides (AINEs) no controle da dor aguda, usando as seguintes bases de dados e ferramentas de pesquisa: Medline, Scientific Eletronic Library Online (Scielo), Lilacs e Pubmed. A pes­quisa foi realizada de outubro de 2014 a março de 2015 nos idiomas português e/ou inglês, publicados há no máximo 5 anos. Resultados. Foram analisados 16 artigos, entre os quais 12 (68,75%), abordaram AINEs classificados como “eficaz” no controle da dor aguda, quando usados de forma isolada ou de forma combinada a outros fármacos, 0 (0%) como “ineficaz”, 1 (6,25%) como eficácia “moderada” e 4 (25%) trabalhos classificados como eficácia “não avaliada”, quanto a segurança, 9 (56,25%) artigos foram classificados como “seguro”, 3 (18,75%) como “inseguro”, 1 (6,25%) como “não estabelecida” a segurança e 3 (18,75%) como segurança “não avaliada”. Conclusão. Notou-se uma maior prevalência quanto à eficácia e a segurança dos anti-inflamatórios não esteroides no controle da dor aguda de leve a moderada intensidade, tanto através do seu uso isolado, quanto atra­vés da sua combinação multimodal.
Ability of the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy Practice Test to Estimate the Probability of First-Time Pass Status on the National Certification Exam
Authors: Avi-Itzhak Tamara
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVE. To estimate the ability of the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy (NBCOT) practice test to predict first-time pass status on the NBCOT Occupational Therapist Registered exam.

METHOD. Performance ratios for the four NBCOT practice test domains were used to develop a logistic regression model for estimating the probability of first-time pass status on the NBCOT exam.

RESULTS. Of 65 students who graduated during academic years 2010–2013, 41 (63%) attained first-time pass status. The logistic regression model was a good fit. The variance explained ranged from 22% to 29%. The odds of first-time no-pass status were associated with performance ratios on Domains 1 and 2 but not Domains 3 and 4.

CONCLUSION. To maximize the probability of students’ attaining first-time pass status, faculty should consider ways to increase their exposure to the tasks and skills required for implementation of intervention plans (Domains 3 and 4).
An empirically derived inorganic sea spray source function incorporating sea surface temperature
Authors: Salter M. E. , Zieger P. , Acosta Navarro J. C. , Grythe H. , Kirkevåg A. , Rosati B. , Riipinen I. , Nilsson E. D.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. We have developed an inorganic sea spray source function that is based upon state-of-the-art measurements of sea spray aerosol production using a temperature-controlled plunging jet sea spray aerosol chamber. The size-resolved particle production was measured between 0.01 and 10 μm dry diameter. Particle production decreased non-linearly with increasing seawater temperature (between −1 and 30 °C) similar to previous findings. In addition, we observed that the particle effective radius, as well as the particle surface, particle volume and particle mass, increased with increasing seawater temperature due to increased production of particles with dry diameters greater than 1 μm. By combining these measurements with the volume of air entrained by the plunging jet we have determined the size-resolved particle flux as a function of air entrainment. Through the use of existing parameterisations of air entrainment as a function of wind speed, we were subsequently able to scale our laboratory measurements of particle production to wind speed. By scaling in this way we avoid some of the difficulties associated with defining the "white area" of the laboratory whitecap – a contentious issue when relating laboratory measurements of particle production to oceanic whitecaps using the more frequently applied whitecap method. The here-derived inorganic sea spray source function was implemented in a Lagrangian particle dispersion model (FLEXPART – FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model). An estimated annual global flux of inorganic sea spray aerosol of 5.9 ± 0.2 Pg yr−1 was derived that is close to the median of estimates from the same model using a wide range of existing sea spray source functions. When using the source function derived here, the model also showed good skill in predicting measurements of Na+ concentration at a number of field sites further underlining the validity of our source function. In a final step, the sensitivity of a large-scale model (NorESM – the Norwegian Earth System Model) to our new source function was tested. Compared to the previously implemented parameterisation, a clear decrease of sea spray aerosol number flux and increase in aerosol residence time was observed, especially over the Southern Ocean. At the same time an increase in aerosol optical depth due to an increase in the number of particles with optically relevant sizes was found. That there were noticeable regional differences may have important implications for aerosol optical properties and number concentrations, subsequently also affecting the indirect radiative forcing by non-sea spray anthropogenic aerosols.
VOC species and emission inventory from vehicles and their SOA formation potentials estimation in Shanghai, China
Authors: Huang C. , Wang H. L. , Li L. , Wang Q. , Lu Q. , de Gouw J. A. , Zhou M. , Jing S. A. , Lu J. , Chen C. H.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Volatile organic compound (VOC) species from vehicle exhausts and gas evaporation were investigated by chassis dynamometer and on-road measurements of nine gasoline vehicles, seven diesel vehicles, five motorcycles, and four gas evaporation samples. The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass yields of gasoline, diesel, motorcycle exhausts, and gas evaporation were estimated based on the mixing ratio of measured C2–C12 VOC species and inferred carbon number distributions. High aromatic contents were measured in gasoline exhausts and contributed comparatively more SOA yield. A vehicular emission inventory was compiled based on a local survey of on-road traffic in Shanghai and real-world measurements of vehicle emission factors from previous studies in the cities of China. The inventory-based vehicular organic aerosol (OA) productions to total CO emissions were compared with the observed OA to CO concentrations (ΔOA / ΔCO) in the urban atmosphere. The results indicate that vehicles dominate the primary organic aerosol (POA) emissions and OA production, which contributed about 40 and 60 % of OA mass in the urban atmosphere of Shanghai. Diesel vehicles, which accounted for less than 20 % of vehicle kilometers of travel (VKT), contribute more than 90 % of vehicular POA emissions and 80–90 % of OA mass derived by vehicles in urban Shanghai. Gasoline exhaust could be an important source of SOA formation. Tightening the limit of aromatic content in gasoline fuel will be helpful to reduce its SOA contribution. Intermediate-volatile organic compounds (IVOCs) in vehicle exhausts greatly contribute to SOA formation in the urban atmosphere of China. However, more experiments need to be conducted to determine the contributions of IVOCs to OA pollution in China.