bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances in Immuno-PET for the Detection of Cancer and Assessment of Response to Therapy
Authors: Alauddin Mian M. , Khawli Leslie A.
Published: January 2020

Background:

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against tumor-associated antigens have been
shown to target tumors with specificity and selectivity; therefore, it was hypothesized that cancer
could be treated with mAbs without side effects. In the early 1980s, clinical studies demonstrated that
tumors could be visualized using radiolabeled mAbs. However, with the introduction of positron
emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), antibody-based imaging became
less important because of its limited diagnostic accuracy. During the last two decades, a revival
of imaging with radiolabeled mAbs has taken place, specifically PET with longer half-life isotopes.
Development of immune checkpoints as targets for immunotherapy has opened opportunities for the
development of a wide variety of antibodies, such as anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-L1, and anti-PD1. Thus,
imaging with these antibodies radiolabeled with 89Zr or another long–half-life PET isotope, known as
immuno-PET, has become mainstream.

Objective:

This study aimed to review the rapid development of immuno-PET for the detection of
cancer and assessment of therapeutic response combining surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and/or
immunotherapy. This review includes reports on the radiolabeling, imaging and clinical utility of
89Zr-, 64Cu- and 124I-labeled mAbs.

Results:

More than 120 research and review articles on immuno-PET were reviewed.

Conclusion:

Many mAbs have been developed and used for the treatment of cancer; however, a limited
number of antibodies have been radiolabeled for immuno-PET. While much progress has been
made with the therapeutic applications of mAbs, immuno-PET for diagnosis and treatment assessment
needs more research. Improved chelating agents and extensive imaging studies are needed to
refine immuno-PET for the diagnosis of cancers and assessment of response to therapy.
Antibacterial Agents Targeting the Bacterial Cell Wall
Authors: Shan Li , Wenling Qin , Mauro Panunzio , Stefano Biondi
Published: January 2020

The introduction of antibiotics to treat bacterial infections either by killing or blocking their growth has been accompanied by the studies of mechanism that allows the drugs to kill the bacteria or to stop their proliferation. In such a scenario, the emergence of antibacterial agents active on the bacterial cell wall has been of fundamental importance in the fight against bacterial agents responsible for severe diseases. As a matter of fact, the cell wall, which plays many roles during the lifecycle, is an essential constituent of most bacteria. This overview focuses on the intracellular steps of peptidoglycan biosynthesis and the research of new antibacterial agents based on the enzymes involved in these early steps of the formation of cell membrane components.
Causes of Mortality in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Alcohol Related Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD)
Authors: Johnston Michael P. , Patel Janisha , Byrne Christopher D.
Published: January 2020

:

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcohol related fatty liver disease (AFLD) both represent
a spectrum of liver disease severity from hepatic steatosis to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Both NAFLD and AFLD
are common diseases in the general population. NAFLD affects ~25% of the adult global population whilst AFLD
has become the commonest indication for liver transplantation in the United States. It is often not possible to
distinguish between NAFLD and AFLD on examination of liver histology, consequently, differentiation between
NAFLD and AFLD is heavily reliant on a history of alcohol consumption.

:

Age, smoking, alcohol consumption and sex appear to influence the risk of mortality in NAFLD or AFLD. In
NAFLD and AFLD, the key causes of increased liver-related mortality are advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis
leading to complications such as hepatocellular carcinoma and decompensated cirrhosis. NAFLD and AFLD are
also associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality including an increased risk of extra-hepatic malignancy.
Non-invasive biomarkers of liver disease severity in NAFLD and AFLD perform poorly to predict mortality.
However, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, FIB-4 and the NAFLD Fibrosis Score
are independently associated with increased mortality in NAFLD.

:

Both NAFLD and AFLD are associated with extra-hepatic risk factors and complications such as metabolic syndrome
encompassing obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. AFLD is associated
with hypertension and cardiovascular disease as well as other organ damage.

:

This narrative review discusses the associations, risk factors and diagnostic biomarkers linking NAFLD and
AFLD with increased mortality.
A Review of Conifers in Iran: Chemistry, Biology and their Importance in Traditional and Modern Medicine
Authors: Akaberi Maryam , Boghrati Zahra , Amiri Mohammad S. , Khayyat Mohammad H. , Emami Seyed A.
Published: January 2020

:

Cupressus sempervirens, Platycladus orientalis, Juniperus communis, J. excelsa, J. foetidissima, J. polycarpos var. turcomanica, J. sabina, and Taxus baccata are conifers in Iran. These plants have a long reputation in different systems of traditional medicines for a variety of diseases. This review aims to provide comprehensive and up-to-date information about the ethnopharmacological uses, chemical constituents, and pharmacology of these conifers. Furthermore this study comprises a bibliographical survey of major Islamic Traditional Medicine (ITM) books regarding different medical aspects of these species. A literature search was conducted on the applications of these conifers both in traditional and modern medicines by referencing traditional textbooks and scientific databases. Ethnobotanical literature review indicates that various parts of the plants including cones, berries, leaves, bark, wood, and resin have been used for a broad spectrum of applications. In Iran, C. sempervirens, J. sabina, J. communis, and T. baccata have been used traditionally for the treatment of urinary, digestive, nervous, respiratory, and integumentary systems-related problems. The phytochemical constituents of these plants can be divided into two main categories: volatile and non-volatile components, all dominated by terpenes. Considering the pharmacological and clinical evidence, while some of the traditional applications of these plants are supported by modern medicine, implying the value of the traditional and folklore knowledge for finding new lead compounds in drug discovery, some have remained unexamined showing the need for much more studies in this regard.
Enhancing the Antibacterial Activity of Erythromycin with Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles against MRSA
Authors: Ullah Kaleem , Khan Shujaat A. , Mannan Abdul , Khan Romana , Murtaza Ghulam , Yameen Muhammad A.
Published: January 2020

Background:

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most common infectious agent in the
community and hospitals. Infections with S. aureus are now becoming difficult to be treated by using
conventional antibiotics due to its emerging methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strain.

Objective:

In the present study, MRSA was isolated from clinical samples and evaluated for resistance
against different antibiotics, TiO2 nanoparticles, and their combinations.

Methods:

Clinical samples were collected from Ayub Medical Complex (AMC), Abbottabad, Pakistan,
and identified by different biochemical tests and polymerase chain reactions (PCR). Kirby-Bauer
disk diffusion method was performed to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility. Minimum Inhibitory
Concentration (MIC) of ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and vancomycin was found out by
agar dilution method while the broth dilution method was used for the MIC of TiO2 nanoparticles and
their combinations with erythromycin.

Results:

All 13/100 (13%) MRSA were successfully identified. All isolates were susceptible to quinupristin/
dalfopristin, teicoplanin, and vancomycin, while the highest resistance was seen with erythromycin,
penicillin, and tetracycline. MIC showed high resistance against ampicillin (0.25-512 mg/L)
and erythromycin (0.25-1024 mg/L).

Conclusion:

The MIC value of 2 mM TiO2 nanoparticles was found to be the most effective concentration
after 12 h of incubation, while the combination of erythromycin with 3 mM TiO2 nanoparticles was
found to be more potent which significantly lowered down the MIC of erythromycin to 2-16 mg/L.
Evaluation of Two Fast Virtual Stenting Algorithms for Intracranial Aneurysm Flow Diversion
Authors: Lamooki Saeb R. , Tutino Vincent M. , Paliwal Nikhil , Damiano Robert J. , Waqas Muhammad , Nagesh Setlur S.V. , Rajabzadeh-Oghaz Hamidreza , Vakharia Kunal , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Meng Hui
Published: January 2020

Background:

Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) by flow diverter
(FD) stents depends on flow modification. Patient-specific modeling of FD deployment and
computational fluid dynamics (CFD) could enable a priori endovascular strategy optimization. We
developed a fast, simplistic, expansion-free balls-weeping algorithm to model FDs in patientspecific
aneurysm geometry. However, since such strong simplification could result in less accurate
simulations, we also developed a fast virtual stenting workflow (VSW) that explicitly models
stent expansion using pseudo-physical forces.

Methods:

To test which of these two fast algorithms more accurately simulates real FDs, we
applied them to virtually treat three representative patient-specific IAs. We deployed Pipeline
Embolization Device into 3 patient-specific silicone aneurysm phantoms and simulated the treatments
using both balls-weeping and VSW algorithms in computational aneurysm models. We then
compared the virtually deployed FD stents against experimental results in terms of geometry and
post-treatment flow fields. For stent geometry, we evaluated gross configurations and porosity. For
post-treatment aneurysmal flow, we compared CFD results against experimental measurements by
particle image velocimetry.

Results:

We found that VSW created more realistic FD deployments than balls-weeping in terms
of stent geometry, porosity and pore density. In particular, balls-weeping produced unrealistic FD
bulging at the aneurysm neck, and this artifact drastically increased with neck size. Both FD
deployment methods resulted in similar flow patterns, but the VSW had less error in flow velocity
and inflow rate.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, modeling stent expansion is critical for preventing unrealistic bulging
effects and thus should be considered in virtual FD deployment algorithms. Also endowed with its
high computational efficiency and superior accuracy, the VSW algorithm is a better candidate for
implementation into a bedside clinical tool for FD deployment simulation.
Evaluation of Ficus retusa L. Leaves with Special Reference to Antidiarrheal and Anti-spasmodic Activity
Authors: Khan Najam Ali , Tomar Chitra , Shrivastav Alankar , Ahmad Aftab , Mishra Arun Kumar
Published: January 2020

Aims:

The aim of present investigation was to evaluate the traditional claim of Ficus
retusa as an anti-diarrheal and anti-spasmodic agent using different pharmacological models.

Background:

Diarrhea is considered as major cause of mortality, especially in children and aged
persons. Because of diarrhoea, 17% of admitted children get die. In order to treat the diarrhea,
natural drugs may be useful.

Objective:

In order to prove the traditional claim of Ficus retusa, present work was undertaken
with objective to prove antidiarrheal and antispasmodic activity.

Methods:

The anti-diarrhoeal activity was evaluated by magnesium sulphate induced diarrhea and
5-hydroxy tryptamine(5HT) induced diarrhea. Further, the exact were subjected to gastrointestinal
motility test using standard procedure.

Conclusion:

The response towards bioactivity was dose dependent. It was concluded that
400mg/kg bw of ethanolic extract is most potent in antidiarrhoeal and antispasmodic activity.
Diabetes without Manifest Cardiovascular Disease: A Novel Approach in Risk Stratification and Treatment Selection
Authors: Andari Emile , Arnaout Samir , Azar Sami T. , Chammas Elie , Jambart Selim , Saleh Mounzer , Nemr Rita , Sarkis Antoine
Published: January 2020

Background:

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the main macro vascular complication of type 2
diabetes (T2D), increases the risk of death significantly in patients with T2D.

Introduction:

Most of the patients with T2D do not have obvious CVD symptoms. Due to the paucity
of data, CVD screening in asymptomatic patients with T2D remains highly controversial.

Methods:

This has driven a panel of experts to establish a novel consensus on how to approach patients
with T2D at high CVD risk. The panel formulated a stepwise algorithm by which patients with T2D undergo
initial risk stratification into low, intermediate and high risk using the ASCVD calculator. In patients
with intermediate risk, coronary artery calcium measurement is used to further stratify those patients
into new low and high-risk categories.

Results and Conclusion:

The panel recommends using standard diabetes care in low risk patients and
using SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP1 agonists with cardio protective effect, on top of standard care, in
high risk individuals.
Characterization of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson Modified Fermented Flour
Authors: Syah Ikrar T. , Anto  , Hasbullah Umar H.A.
Published: January 2020

Background:

Flour is generally evaluated by physicochemical analysis of its constituents
in order to determine its functional properties. The modification of flour is reflected in many of its
physicochemical properties.

Objective:

In the present study, samples of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) modified
fermented flour were characterized based on physicochemical properties of starch, amylose, and
amylopectin content, and also flour morphology.

Methods:

Various starters were applied (mocaf, Bimo-cf, and tape yeast) for 12h fermentation before
being processed into flour to modify its properties. The physicochemical parameters of flours consist
of whiteness index, pasting properties, foaming capacity, flour morphology, and proximate compositions.
All data were taken in triplicate using completely randomized design.

Result:

All the starters were able to improve whiteness index (WI) of flour. There was a correlation
between fat and protein content with pasting properties of native flour and modified fermented elephant
foot yam (MoEFY) flours. Fermentation processes caused slight changes of flour pasting properties.
The granule size of MoEFY flour became smaller than those in native elephant foot yam flour
after fermentation, and granules were polyhedral with slightly pointed and protruding edges.

Conclusion:

The results suggested that fermentation by Bimo-cf starter within 12h could provide a
greater extent of flour modification.
Design and Synthesis of 2-Substituted Benzothiazole Derivatives as Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Nishad Ravi K. , Shukla Karuna S. , Chawla Pooja A.
Published: January 2020

Background:

An upsurge in the number of antibiotic-resistant microbial infections has warranted
the discovery and development of new antibiotics. This is a matter of great concern for effective
therapy for a search of novel antimicrobial agents. Literature has a number of reports of involvement of
oxidative stress due to an imbalance between the generation and neutralization of free radicals in many
diseases. Heterocyclic compounds have been involved in the treatment of various disorders. Benzothiazole
is one such heterocyclic nucleus having benzene ring merged with the thiazole ring. Among the
various substitutions possible in this nucleus, substitutions at position-2 have already been reported with
potential bioactivities. Thus, different substituted compounds have been synthesized which could serve
as antimicrobials and antioxidants.

Methods:

Benzothiazole derivatives (B1-B7) were synthesized by two-step reactions and the structures
were confirmed through infrared, mass and NMR spectroscopy. The compounds were evaluated for in
vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities using standard methods.

Results:

The results of antibacterial and antifungal activity showed that compound B4 exhibited maximum
activity against all the tested strains of microorganisms with the zone of inhibition 17.1-18.5 mm
and MIC value 1.1-1.5 μg/mL. Compound B5 exhibited potent antioxidant activity.

Conclusion:

The compounds substituted with halogen on the aryl ring showed increased antimicrobial
activity as seen in the case of compound B4 (6-fluoro). The compounds substituted with a hydroxyl
group (B5) exhibited good antioxidant activity.
Quality of Life in Individuals with Diabetic Foot Syndrome
Authors: Navarro-Flores Emmanuel , Cauli Omar
Published: January 2020

Background and Objective:

Diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) is a common long-term complication
of diabetes mellitus. DFS has recently been associated with adverse effects that could further
impair the quality of life of diabetic patients, and increase the social and economic burden, morbidity,
and premature mortality of the disease. The main physio-pathological basis of DFS is due to diabetesinduced
neuropathy and angiopathy in the lower limbs and feet. Patients diagnosed with DFS must
significantly modify their daily habits in order to cope with signs and symptoms of DFS and this can
alter their quality of life. The objective of this review is to summarize the evidence regarding the economic,
physical and social limitations which can affect the quality of life (QoL) in patients with DFS,
the effects of ulcers and amputations on QoL outcomes.

Results:

Different aspects related to DFS such as physical alterations, psychological complaints and
even disorders, socio-economic difficulties can affect the quality of life of these patients. However, the
QoL related to low socio-economic factors gave mixed results and physical activity, education and type
of footwear can influence the outcomes. There is a general gender-dependent higher prevalence of DFS
in men, although it depends on the geographical area. DFS often co-occurs with other diabetes-induced
complications (retinopathy, nephropathy and cardiovascular disorders) and comorbid obesity generally
worsens it.

Conclusions:

Accessibility to health services aimed at reducing inequalities and constant health education
and promotion and care regarding psychological and socio-economic issues should be continuously
undertaken for individuals with DFS in order to improve their QoL.
Marine Algae of the Genus Gracilaria as Multi Products Source for Different Biotechnological and Medical Applications
Authors: Nabil-Adam Asmaa , Shreadah Mohamed A. , Abd El-Moneam Nehad M. , El-Assar Samy A.
Published: January 2020

Background:

Gracilaria has been shown to be an important source of marine bioactive
natural biomaterials and compounds. Although there are no enough patents used Gracilaria
worldwide, the current study tries to put the Gracilaria on the spot for further important patents in
the future.

Methods:

Different advanced experimental models and analytical techniques, such as cytotoxicity,
total antioxidant capacity, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory profiling were applied. The phytochemical
analysis of different constituents was also carried out.

Results:

The mineral analysis revealed the presence of copper (188.3 ppm) and iron (10.07 ppm)
in addition to a remarkable wealth of selenium and sulfur contents giving up to 36% of its dry
mass. The elemental analysis showed high contents of sulfur and nitrogen compounds. The GCMS
profiling showed varieties of different bioactive compounds, such as fatty acids, different
types of carotenoids in addition to pigments, alkaloids, steroids. Many other compounds, such as
carbohydrates and amino acids having antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities, etc.
were identified. The cytotoxicity activity of Gracilaria marine extract was very effective against
cancerous cell lines and showed high ability as a potent antitumor due to their bioactive constituents.
Specialized screening assays using two anticancer experimental models, i.e., PTK and SKH1
revealed 77.88% and 84.50% inhibition anticancer activity; respectively. The anti-inflammatory
activities investigated using four different experimental models, i.e., COX1, COX2, IL6, and TNF
resulted in 68%, 81.76%, 56.02% and 78.43% inhibition; respectively. Moreover, Gracilaria extracts
showed potent anti-Alzheimer with all concentrations.

Conclusion:

Gracilaria proved to be a multi-product source of marine natural products for
different biotechnological applications. Our recommendation is to investigate the Gracilaria bioactive
secondary metabolites in order to create and innovate in more patents from current important
seaweeds (Gracilaria).
Biodecomposition of Phenanthrene and Pyrene by a Genetically Engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Ahankoub Maryam , Mardani Gashtasb , Ghasemi-Dehkordi Payam , Mehri-Ghahfarrokhi Ameneh , Doosti Abbas , Jami Mohammad-Saeid , Allahbakhshian-Farsani Mehdi , Saffari-Chaleshtori Javad , Rahimi-Madiseh Mohammad
Published: January 2020

Background:

Genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) can be used for bioremediation
of the biological pollutants into nonhazardous or less-hazardous substances, at lower
cost. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of these contaminants that associated with
a risk of human cancer development. Genetically engineered E. coli that encoded catechol 2,3-
dioxygenase (C230) was created and investigated its ability to biodecomposition of phenanthrene
and pyrene in spiked soil using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurement.
We revised patents documents relating to the use of GEMs for bioremediation. This approach
have already been done in others studies although using other genes codifying for same catechol
degradation approach.

Objective:

In this study, we investigated biodecomposition of phenanthrene and pyrene by a genetically
engineered Escherichia coli.

Methods:

Briefly, following the cloning of C230 gene (nahH) into pUC18 vector and transformation
into E. coli Top10F, the complementary tests, including catalase, oxidase and PCR were used
as on isolated bacteria from spiked soil.

Results:

The results of HPLC measurement showed that in spiked soil containing engineered
E. coli, biodegradation of phenanthrene and pyrene comparing to autoclaved soil that inoculated
by wild type of E. coli and normal soil group with natural microbial flora, were statistically significant
(p<0.05). Moreover, catalase test was positive while the oxidase tests were negative.

Conclusion:

These findings indicated that genetically manipulated E. coli can provide an effective
clean-up process on PAH compounds and it is useful for bioremediation of environmental pollution
with petrochemical products.
Benefits of Teledermatology for Geriatric Patients: Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: G Bianchi Mara , Santos Andre , Cordioli Eduardo
Published: January 2020

Background

Teledermatology is a health care tool that has been increasingly used around the world, mostly because dermatology has an emphasis on visual diagnosis. Many studies have shown that access to specialized care improves using teledermatology, which provides accurate diagnosis and reduces the time taken for treatment, with high patient satisfaction. As the population around the world grows old, there will be even more demand for dermatologists in years to come. It is essential to know which are the most prevalent skin conditions in the primary care population and if they can be addressed through teledermatology.

Objective

Our main goal was to evaluate the proportion of lesions in individuals aged 60 years and older that could be managed using teledermatology in conjunction with primary care physicians. Second, we aimed to assess the most frequent skin lesions, the most common treatments provided to patients, and the distribution and causes of referrals made by the teledermatologists.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study from July 2017 to July 2018 in São Paulo, Brazil. We included 6633 individuals aged 60 years and older who presented with 12,770 skin lesions. Teledermatologists had three options to refer patients: (1) to undergo biopsy directly, (2) to an in-person dermatologist visit, and (3) back to the primary care physician with the most probable diagnosis and treatment.

Results

Teledermatology managed 66.66% (8408/12614) of dermatoses with the primary care physician without the need for an in-presence visit; 27.10% (3419/12614) were referred to dermatologists, and 6.24% (787/12614) directly to biopsy. The most frequent diseases were seborrheic keratosis, solar lentigo, onychomycosis, melanocytic nevus, benign neoplasms, actinic keratosis, epidermoid cyst, xerosis, leucoderma, and wart, with significant differences between sexes. Malignant tumors increased with age and were the leading cause for biopsies, while infectious skin conditions and pigmentary disorders decreased. Emollient was the most frequent treatment prescribed, in 31.88% (909/2856) of the cases.

Conclusions

Teledermatology helped to treat 67% of the dermatoses of older individuals, addressing cases of minor complexity quickly and conveniently together with the primary care physician, thus optimizing dermatological appointments for the most severe, surgical, or complex diseases. Teledermatology does not aim to replace a face-to-face visit with the dermatologist; however, it might help to democratize dermatological treatment access for patients and decrease health care expenses.
Nurse-Physician Communication Team Training in Virtual Reality Versus Live Simulations: Randomized Controlled Trial on Team Communication and Teamwork Attitudes
Authors: Liaw Sok Ying , Ooi Sim Win , Rusli Khairul Dzakirin Bin , Lau Tang Ching , Tam Wilson Wai San , Chua Wei Ling
Published: January 2020

Background

Interprofessional team training is needed to improve nurse-physician communication skills that are lacking in clinical practice. Using simulations has proven to be an effective learning approach for team training. Yet, it has logistical constraints that call for the exploration of virtual environments in delivering team training.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate a team training program using virtual reality vs conventional live simulations on medical and nursing students’ communication skill performances and teamwork attitudes.

Methods

In June 2018, the authors implemented nurse-physician communication team training using communication tools. A randomized controlled trial study was conducted with 120 undergraduate medical and nursing students who were randomly assigned to undertake team training using virtual reality or live simulations. The participants from both groups were tested on their communication performances through team-based simulation assessments. Their teamwork attitudes were evaluated using interprofessional attitude surveys that were administered before, immediately after, and 2 months after the study interventions.

Results

The team-based simulation assessment revealed no significant differences in the communication performance posttest scores (P=.29) between the virtual and simulation groups. Both groups reported significant increases in the interprofessional attitudes posttest scores from the baseline scores, with no significant differences found between the groups over the 3 time points.

Conclusions

Our study outcomes did not show an inferiority of team training using virtual reality when compared with live simulations, which supports the potential use of virtual reality to substitute conventional simulations for communication team training. Future studies can leverage the use of artificial intelligence technology in virtual reality to replace costly human-controlled facilitators to achieve better scalability and sustainability of team-based training in interprofessional education.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04330924; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04330924
A Real-Time Mobile Intervention to Reduce Sedentary Behavior Before and After Cancer Surgery: Usability and Feasibility Study
Authors: Low Carissa A , Danko Michaela , Durica Krina C , Kunta Abhineeth Reddy , Mulukutla Raghu , Ren Yiyi , Bartlett David L , Bovbjerg Dana H , Dey Anind K , Jakicic John M
Published: January 2020

Background

Sedentary behavior (SB) is common after cancer surgery and may negatively affect recovery and quality of life, but postoperative symptoms such as pain can be a significant barrier to patients achieving recommended physical activity levels. We conducted a single-arm pilot trial evaluating the usability and acceptability of a real-time mobile intervention that detects prolonged SB in the perioperative period and delivers prompts to walk that are tailored to daily self-reported symptom burden.

Objective

The aim of this study is to develop and test a mobile technology-supported intervention to reduce SB before and after cancer surgery, and to evaluate the usability and feasibility of the intervention.

Methods

A total of 15 patients scheduled for abdominal cancer surgery consented to the study, which involved using a Fitbit smartwatch with a companion smartphone app across the perioperative period (from a minimum of 2 weeks before surgery to 30 days postdischarge). Participants received prompts to walk after any SB that exceeded a prespecified threshold, which varied from day to day based on patient-reported symptom severity. Participants also completed weekly semistructured interviews to collect information on usability, acceptability, and experience using the app and smartphone; in addition, smartwatch logs were examined to assess participant study compliance.

Results

Of eligible patients approached, 79% (15/19) agreed to participate. Attrition was low (1/15, 7%) and due to poor health and prolonged hospitalization. Participants rated (0-100) the smartphone and smartwatch apps as very easy (mean 92.3 and 93.2, respectively) and pleasant to use (mean 93.0 and 93.2, respectively). Overall satisfaction with the whole system was 89.9, and the mean System Usability Scale score was 83.8 out of 100. Overall compliance with symptom reporting was 51% (469/927 days), decreasing significantly from before surgery (264/364, 73%) to inpatient recovery (32/143, 22%) and postdischarge (173/420, 41%). Overall Fitbit compliance was 70% (653/927 days) but also declined from before surgery (330/364, 91%) to inpatient (51/143, 36%) and postdischarge (272/420, 65%).

Conclusions

Perioperative patients with cancer were willing to use a smartwatch- and smartphone-based real-time intervention to reduce SB, and they rated the apps as very easy and pleasant to use. Compliance with the intervention declined significantly after surgery. The effects of the intervention on postoperative activity patterns, recovery, and quality of life will be evaluated in an ongoing randomized trial.
Utilization of a Voice-Based Virtual Reality Advanced Cardiac Life Support Team Leader Refresher: Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Katz Daniel , Shah Ronak , Kim Elizabeth , Park Chang , Shah Anjan , Levine Adam , Burnett Garrett
Published: January 2020

Background

The incidence of cardiac arrests per year in the United States continues to increase, yet in-hospital cardiac arrest survival rates significantly vary between hospitals. Current methods of training are expensive, time consuming, and difficult to scale, which necessitates improvements in advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) training. Virtual reality (VR) has been proposed as an alternative or adjunct to high-fidelity simulation (HFS) in several environments. No evaluations to date have explored the ability of a VR program to examine both technical and behavioral skills and demonstrate a cost comparison.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the utility of a voice-based VR ACLS team leader refresher as compared with HFS.

Methods

This prospective observational study performed at an academic institution consisted of 25 postgraduate year 2 residents. Participants were randomized to HFS or VR training and then crossed groups after a 2-week washout. Participants were graded on technical and nontechnical skills. Participants also completed self-assessments about the modules. Proctors were assessed for fatigue and task saturation, and cost analysis based on local economic data was performed.

Results

A total of 23 of 25 participants were included in the scoring analysis. Fewer participants were familiar with VR compared with HFS (9/25, 36% vs 25/25, 100%; P<.001). Self-reported satisfaction and utilization scores were similar; however, significantly more participants felt HFS provided better feedback: 99 (IQR 89-100) vs 79 (IQR 71-88); P<.001. Technical scores were higher in the HFS group; however, nontechnical scores for decision making and communication were not significantly different between modalities. VR sessions were 21 (IQR 19-24) min shorter than HFS sessions, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration task load index scores for proctors were lower in each category, and VR sessions were estimated to be US $103.68 less expensive in a single-learner, single-session model.

Conclusions

Utilization of a VR-based team leader refresher for ACLS skills is comparable with HFS in several areas, including learner satisfaction. The VR module was more cost-effective and was easier to proctor; however, HFS was better at delivering feedback to participants. Optimal education strategies likely contain elements of both modalities. Further studies are needed to examine the utility of VR-based environments at scale.
Blended Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder (Blend-A): Explorative Mixed Methods Pilot and Feasibility Study (Preprint)
Authors: Tarp Kristine , Rasmussen Johan , Mejldal Anna , Folker Marie Paldam , Nielsen Anette Søgaard
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND

In Denmark, approximately 150,000 people have alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, only approximately 10% seek AUD treatment, preferably outside conventional health care settings and opening hours. The AUD treatment area experiences low adherence to treatment, as well as high numbers of no-show and premature dropouts.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of the Blend-A (Blended Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder) feasibility and pilot study was to describe the process of translating and adapting the Dutch treatment protocol into Danish and Danish culture with a high amount of user involvement and to report how patients and therapists perceived the adapted version, when trying it out.

METHODS

The settings were 3 Danish public municipal outpatient alcohol clinics. Study participants were patients and therapists from the 3 settings. Data consisted of survey data from the System Usability Scale, individual patient interviews, and therapist group interviews. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Stata software and Excel. Qualitative analysis was conducted using a theoretical thematic analysis.

RESULTS

The usability of the treatment platform was rated above average. The patients chose to use the blended treatment format because it ensured anonymity and had a flexible design. Platform use formed the basis of face-to-face sessions. The use of the self-determined platform resulted in a more thorough process. Patient involvement qualified development of a feasible system. Managerial support for time use was essential. Guidance from an experienced peer was useful.

CONCLUSIONS

This study indicates that, during the processes of translating, adapting, and implementing blended, guided, internet-based, and face-to-face AUD treatment, it is relevant to focus on patient involvement, managerial support, and guidance from experienced peers. Owing to the discrete and flexible design of the blended offer, it appears that it may reach patient groups who would not otherwise have sought treatment. Therefore, blended treatment may increase access to treatment and contribute to reaching people affected by excessive alcohol use, who would not otherwise have sought treatment. In addition, it seems that the blended offer may enhance the participants’ perceived satisfaction and the effect of the treatment course. Thus, it appears that Blend-A may be able to contribute to existing treatment offers. Such findings highlight the need to determine the actual effect of the Blend-A offer; therefore, an effectiveness study with a controlled design is warranted.
Identikasi Dinamika Magma Berdasarkan Analisis Tremor Vulkanik di Gunungapi Slamet Jawa Tengah
Authors: Lumbanraja Wanri , Sri Brotopuspito Kirbani
Published: January 2020

Selama fase aktif tahun 2014 lima seismometer yang ditempatkan di sekitar Gunungapi Slamet merekam sinyal tremor mulai pertengahan Juli. Keberadaan tremor ini kemudian diikuti dengan letusan-letusan abu dan lontaran lava pada tanggal 18 Agustus 2014, hingga terjadi letusan-letusan pada awal hingga pertengahan September 2014. Analisis spektrum dilakukan pada sinyal tremor untuk mengetahui kandungan frekuensi sinyal tersebut, metode yang digunakan adalah dengan menerapkan Metode Entropi Maksimum. Selain analisis spektrum, analisis polarisasi juga diterapkan untuk mengetahui karakter gelombang seismik tremor. Rentang spektrum yang dikandung oleh sinyal relatif sempit terletak antara 1 Hz higga 4 Hz, dimana puncak daya spektrum dominan terletak pada frekuesi rata-rata 2,0 Hz dan 3,1 Hz. Terdapat hubungan antara pola daya spektrum dengan bocornya magma ke permukaan, dimana erupsi terjadi setelah diawali oleh pelemahan atau kehilangan daya frekuensi 3,1 Hz. Analisis gerakan partikel menunjukan adanya gelombang Rayleigh dengan arah propagasi ke utara. Selain itu, gelombang SH juga teramati dengan arah tangensial terhadap puncak Gunung Slamet. Gelombang Rayleigh ini mengonrmasi bahwa sumber tremor relatif dangkal, relatif terhadap seismometer 3 komponen. Saat mendekati fase erupsi, besar sudut azimut cenderung bergeser ke arah 0 derajat dan sudut datang cenderung bergeser ke arah 90 derajat, fakta ini mengarah pada kesimpulan bahwa pipa tidak vertikal sempurna melainkan memiliki kemiringan, perubahan azimut dan sudut datang ini mengindikasikan adanya kenaikan magma ke puncak.kata kunci: tremor; G. Slamet; dinamika magma; Metode Entropi Maksimum
Simulasi Sebaran Porositas dan Permeabilitas Reservoir Jurassic Menggunakan Analisis Geostatistika di Lapangan “Iriyanti” Cekungan Bintuni
Authors: Wahyu Maulananingsih Nur , Hartantyo Eddy , Anggraini Ade
Published: January 2020

Lapangan “Iriyanti” merupakan lapangan gas dengan produksi tertinggi di area lapangan gas “Tangguh”. Reservoir utama adalah batupasir dari Formasi Roabiba yang berumur Jurassic dan dikenal dengan reservoir Jurassic. Studi karakterisasi reservoir terhadap dua parameter petrofisika yakni porositas dan permeabilitas dilakukan untuk mengetahui rekomendasi zona prospek dalam pengembangan lapangan melalui 26+2 data log sumur karena rendahnya kualitas data seismik. Namun, data log sumur memiliki resolusi lateral yang kurang baik sehingga digunakan analisis geostatistika untuk memodelkan sebaran kedua parameter tersebut.Geostatistika merupakan studi fenomena alam dalam dimensi spasial dengan menggunakan prinsip statistika melalui variogram, kriging, dan simulasi stokastik. Pemodelan dilakukan menggunakan Simulasi Gaussian Sekuensial dengan mengkondisikan data ke dalam distribusi normal atau distribusi Gaussian. Realisasi dilakukan sebanyak 75 kali untuk mengetahui konsistensi model yang dibuat.Realisasi terbaik hasil dari simulasi dipilih berdasarkan tampilan model secara kualitatif dan tingkat kedekatan parameter statistik serta rendahnya tingkat eror pada model terhadap data aktual dengan nilai ambang 5%.Nilai porositas rata- rata yang didapatkan adalah 12,43% dan permeabilitas rata- rata 190,12 mD. Berdasarkan model sebaran parameter petrofisika reservoir serta analisis data sumur terhadap kandungan gas, didapatkan rekomendasi zona prospek yakni pada area barat daya lapangan “Iriyanti”.kata kunci: reservoir Jurassic; porositas; permeabilitas; geostatistika; kriging
Kajian Pengaruh Lapisan Nanopartikel Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe2O4) Terhadap Pergeseran Sudut Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Menggunakan Konfigurasi Kretschmann-Perak Termodifikasi Di Bawah Pengaruh Medan Magnet Luar
Authors: Mayasari Rina Dewi , Nuryadi Ratno , Suharyadi Edi , Abraha Kamsul
Published: January 2020

Pergeseran sudut surface plasmon resonance (SPR) pada konfigurasi Kretschmann-perak termodifikasi oleh nanopartikel cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) telah dikaji secara eksperimen di bawah pengaruh medan magnet. Tiga sampel nanopartikel CoFe2O4 dengan ukuran partikel yang berbeda, yaitu 1,68 nm untuk sampel A; 1,95 nm untuk sampel B; dan 5,87 untuk sampel C, disintesis dengan metode kopresipitasi. Pendeposisian tiga sampel menggeser sudut SPR referensi (prisma/Ag) dengan nilai yang berbeda-beda, yaitu sebesar 0,10°; 0,10°; dan 0,30°, dengan ketidakpastian masing-masing sebesar ±0,05° untuk sampel A, B, dan C secara berturut-turut. Setelah dikenai medan magnet luar,sudut SPR bergeser lagi sejauh 0,30° untuk sampel A dan B, dan 0,5° untuk sampel C, dengan ketidakpastian masing-masing sebesar ±0,05°. Selain itu, perbedaan dua arah medan magnet terkonfirmasi bahwa pergeseran sudut SPR memiliki nilai yang berbeda, yaitu 0,3°±0,05° dan 0,6°±0,05°. Respon nanopartikel CoFe2O4 pada pergeseran sudut SPR memberikan potensi sebagai smart materials pada sistem SPR
Cyclic Voltammetry Sel Superkapasitor Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Aktivator Kalium Hidroksida
Authors: Farma Rakhmawati , Vivi Melinda , Sugiyanto Sugiyanto , Awitdrus Awitdrus , Taer Erman , Yanuar Hamzah
Published: January 2020

Aktivasi kimia sangat berpengaruh terhadap kualitas elektroda sel superkapasitor. Pada penelitian ini elektroda karbon berasal dari serabut tandan kosong kelapa sawit melalui proses pra karbonisasi dan aktivasi kimia dengan menggunakan aktivator kalium hidroksida (KOH) dengan variasi konsentrasi 0.3 M, 0.6 M dan 0.9 M dengan lama waktu aktivasi 20 jam. Proses selanjutnya adalah proses karbonisasi menggunakan gas N2 dan proses aktivasi fisika menggunakan gas CO2. Nilai densitas elektroda karbon menunjukkan peningkatan setelah proses aktivasi fisika. Hasil analisa energi dispersif sinar-X menunjukkan bahwa elektroda karbon dengan konsentrasi 0.9 M mempunyai persentase atomik  unsur karbon tertinggi sebesar 92,48%. Karakterisasi struktur mikro menunjukkan bahwa elektroda karbon bersifat semikristalin  yang ditandai kehadiran puncak landai (002) dan (100) pada sudut 2θ sekitar 24° dan 45°. Elektroda karbon dengan konsentrasi 0,9 M mempunyai nilai dimensi mikrokristalin Lc  tertinggi yaitu sebesar 7,27 Å dan nilai La terendah yaitu sebesar 6.97 Å dibandingkan dengan elektroda sel superkapasitor dengan konsentrasi 0.3 M dan 0.6 M. Karakterisasi sifat elektrokimia sel superkapasitor dengan menggunakan Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) menunjukkan bahwa sel superkapasitor pada konsentrasi KOH 0.9 M menunjukkan niai tertinggi yaitu sebesar 110, 724 F/g.
DEMONOPOLISASI PT. KAI (PERSERO) DAN PT. PELINDO (PERSERO) PENGUATAN SISTEM EKONOMI DEMOKRASI
Authors: Saleh Putu Samawati
Published: January 2020

Demonopolisasi BUMN Persero yang dilakukan terhadap PT.KAI (Persero) dan PT.Pelindo (Persero), menghendaki BUMN Persero sebagai korporasi yang mandiri dengan mengedepankan profit motif sekaligus menjalankan usaha untuk kemanfaatan umum. Dibukanya peluang perusahaan swasta menjadi kompetitor BUMN Persero yang selama ini menjalani usaha secara monopoli, bertujuan untuk menjadikan BUMN Persero sebagai korporasi besar yang kuat bertahan dan bersaing, serta tetap menjadi agent of development. Penguatan terhadap BUMN Persero dilakukan melalui penelitian normatif dengan mengguakan documentary research. BUMN Persero diharapkan dapat menjadi badan usaha utama yang berperan dalam pembangunan nasional, dengan memadukan prinsip-prinsip korporat/bisnis dan pelayanan publik, yang mampu mandiri dan bersaing secara global tetapi tetap berpijak pada konsep ekonomi demokrasi sebagai ciri khas bangsa Indonesia.
CREATIVE ACTIVITIES VALUATION USING A TOPSIS – BASED DECISION SUPPORT ALGORITHM
Authors: Madudova Emilia , Palencikova Zuzana
Published: January 2020

The main goal of the paper is the creative activities valuation using a TOPSIS based decision support algorithm. As defined by Cutler & Carmichael (2010) tourist experience remains in memory, preceded by motivations and expectations and result in satisfaction or dissatisfaction. The creative tourism is not well developed in the Slovak Republic yet, and there is no theoretical evidence what kind of creative tourism activities the tourists are most interested in. As the results show, tourists very strongly prefer creative tourism activities connected to education. The results also show that tourists do not connect creative activities with tourist destinations, which should result in a more involved supply side in the future, with the support of the local economy and sustainability, including the crafts, art and local culture
SPEED-ACCURACY TRADEOFF OF INSTEP KICK IN YOUNG SOCCER PLAYERS
Authors: Rakojević Bojan , Mrdaković Vladimir , Pažin Nemanja , Vulović Radun , Leontijević Bojan , Ilić Duško
Published: January 2020

The speed-accuracy trade-off of fast movements acts inversely and as such is known as the Fitts's law. The aim of this study is to determine how instep kick (IK) speed grading instructions affect the instep kick speed and accuracy. The primary hypothesis assumes that a complex motor task such as IK has an inverse relation between speed and accuracy, and the secondary hypothesis assumes that the applied speed grading instructions are sensitive. The research involved 13 male players, the average age of 15 years (±1.6). The experimental protocol included the execution of IK at five different speeds, determined by verbal instructions to respondents. For assessment of kicking accuracy, we observed the following dependent variables: mean radial error (MRE), bivariate variable error (BVE), and centroid radial error (CRE). Comparative analysis has shown that higher accuracy (reduced MRE) and kicking consistency (reduced BVE) are achieved under lower kicking speeds, but these effects were not achieved in regard to CRE. Subsequent analyses have shown that MRE has a tendency towards a significant difference between the slowest and fastest kicks (p=0.068-0.075), while in the case of BVE it has been found that there are differences between the slowest and all other speed levels (p≤0.05). The main findings of this study have indicated a partial existence (two of three variables) of an inverse relationship between speed and accuracy in complex motor tasks such as IK (multi-joint and discrete motion).
TOURIST VILLAGE PORTRAIT (Case Study in Kampung Tajur, Desa Pasanggrahan, Kecamatan Bojong, Kabupaten Purwakarta)
Authors: Nugraha Iyan Mugni , Judawinata Gunardi
Published: January 2020

Kampung Tajur is located at the foot of Mount Burangrang Purwakarta, this area has beautiful natural scenery and cool air so that it has the potential to be used as a tourist destination. The purpose of this study is to find out the sustainability of Kampung Tajur as a tourist destination by conducting portraits wisely and based on relevant socio-economic theories. The design used is qualitative with a case study method. The results of the study show that based on the history of the chronicle and its development, Kampung Tajur has potential and has long been projected as a tourist destination. Based on their performance, Kampung Tajur tends to be categorized as a Tourism Village. Kampung Tajur is managed by the local community and the Tourism Driving Group. The Kampung Tajur management system tends to use the Top-down approach. The Kampung Tajur has several positive impacts on the economic and socio-cultural life of its people and has a negative impact, namely the decrease in the level of community harmony due to inequality in income. The sustainability of Kampung Tajur as a Tourism Village is poorly maintained due to several development efforts that tend to be less than optimal