bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strain combination‐dependent genesis of necrotizing arteritis in anti‐ICAM‐1 antibody‐perfused renal allografts in the rat
Authors: Kanagawa Kouichi , Ishikura Hiroshi , Ishitu Alcihiro , Kimura Chisa , Seki Toshimori , Kayanagi Tomohiko , Yoshiki Takashi
Published: December 2008

Rat kidneys were perfused with anti‐intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (anti‐ICAM‐1) monoclonal antibody prior to allo‐transplantation. In the two strain combinations examined, LEJ‐to‐WKAH transplants resulted in accelerated graft loss, and no prolongation of graft survival. The accelerated graft logs was the resut of frequent occurrence of necrotizing arterttis wlthln the grafts. In contrast, TO‐to‐WKAH transplants resulted in no change In graft survival and no arteritis. Necratidng vasculitis in the LEJ‐to‐WKAH grafts was characterlzed by flbrinoid necrosis, collection of cellular infiltrates and serum macromolecular protein entrapment. The F(ab')2 form of anti‐ICAM‐1 antlbody partially preserved the antibody's capacity to accelerate graft loss. Therefore, although endothelial injury by Fc‐mediated cytotoxicity may be involved in vascular damage, other mechanisms also come into play. The amount and distribution pattern of ICAM‐1 antigen were identical in both TO and LEJ strains. Intravenous anti‐CAM‐1 antibody administration combined with lipopolysaccharide, Poly(1)‐Poly(C), warm ischemia to the kidney, or subcutaneous immunization with allogeneic spleen cells, but without renal transplantation, did not generate necrotizing vasculitis or proteinuria. These observations plus our previous data on the rat liver transplantation model clearly show that graft perfusion with anti‐ICAM‐1 monoclonal antibody invokes extensive vascular damage within allografts by Fc‐mediated and Fc‐independent mechanisms, depending on the donor‐to‐host combination.
Saikosaponin A‐induced cell death of a human hepatoma cell line (HUH‐7): The significance of the “sub‐G1 peak‘ in a DNA histogram
Authors: Qian Li , Murakami Tomoyuki , Kimura Yuka , Takahashi Manabu , Okita Kiwamu
Published: December 2008

Salkosaponin A (SSA) induced cell death in the human hepatoma cell line (HUH‐7) was investigated. Shortly after exposure to SSA, a DNA histogram showed a ‘sub‐G1 peak’, which was recently reported as suggestive of apoptosis by other researchers. However, the electrophoresis of DNA indicated that such was not the case in the present experiment. The decreased intake of rhodamine 123 and the swelling of mitochondria were remarkable shortly after SSA exposure. These data seem to support the idea that the sub‐G, peak represents necrosis rather than apoptosis. Interestingly, the DNA electrophoresis revealed the smear pattern of small DNA fragments shortly after SSAexposure, although it did not show the apoptotic ladder pattern. This finding and the appearance of the ‘sub‐G, peak’ is thought to have been a result of the degradation of the nuclear DNA in the early stages of cell death. Because these findings are different not only from apoptosis, but also from typical necrosis, a distinct mechanism of cell death caused by SSA is suggested.
Interphase cytogenetics of gastric carcinoma: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) applied to cells obtained from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues
Authors: Gomyo Yoshihito , Andachi Hironobu , Nagao Katsuhito , Ikeguchi Masahide , Ito Hisao
Published: December 2008

The interphase cytogenetics in formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded gastric cancer tissues were examined by fluorescence in sku hybridization (FISH) with α‐satellite DNA probes. Two gastric carcinoma cell lines, TMK‐1 and MKN‐28, were first analyzed cytogenetically. Of 25 TMK‐1 cell karyotypes, chromosome 7 showed trisomy and chromosome 17 showed disomy in 18 cells. Most MKN‐28 cells showed disomy of both chromosomes 7 and 17. Suspensions of singly isolated TMK‐1 and MKN‐7 cells were obtained from the cultured cells, and from paraffinembedded tissue specimens fixed with formalin for 0, 1, 3 and 5 days obtained from xenotrans‐planted tumors in nude mice. The numbers of chromosomes 7 and 17 analyzed with the karyotypic preparations coincided well with those determined by FISH, even in the paraffin‐embedded specimens. The number of tumor cells showing no signals, however, increased in the specimens after 5 days formalin fixation. In 10 surgically removed gastric carcinomas, the predominant signal number for chromosomes 7 and 17 in the cells of paraffinembedded tissues was two (disomy), except in one papillary carcinoma, which was trisomic for chromosome 7. Large subpopulations (more than 20%) showing trisomy were found in four cases for chromosome 7 and in five cases for chromosome 17. A higher frequency of trisomy was found in well differentiated than in poorly differentiated carcinomas. These findings suggest that the FISH technique is a useful tool for detecting chromosomal aberrations in gastric adenocarcinoma cells, even in paraffinembedded specimens, as long as the tissues are fixed with formalin for an appropriate time.
Mucin antigens expression and Ki‐67 labeling in breast cancer: The peculiarity in scirrhous carcinoma
Authors: Nomoto Mitsuharu , Yonezawa Suguru , Tokunaga Masayoshi , Kim Young S. , Sato Eiichi
Published: December 2008

The expression of mucin‐related antigens (Tn, T, Sialosyl‐Tn [STn], DF3 [mammary‐type apomucin related antigen], and intestinal‐MRP [intestinal‐type apomucin related antigen]) as well as Ki‐67 labeling was examined in 58 mammary invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) divided into 26 scirrhous subtype (SC) and 32 non‐scirrhous subtype comprising papillotubular carcinoma and solid‐tubular carcinoma (PT‐ST). These data were analyzed in connection with the various pathological prognostic factors such as nodal status, tumor size, estrogen receptor status and histological grading of carcinomas. The results were as follows: (a) in SC, the expression rate of Tn was significantly higher in the cases with positive lymph node metastasis or with large tumor size (>2cm) than in those with negative lymph node metastasis or with small tumor size (>2 cm); (b) in PT‐ST, the expression rate of STn was higher in the cases with positive lymph node metastasis or with large tumor size than in those with negative lymph node metastasis or with small tumor size; (c) in SC, Ki‐67 labeling was significantly higher in the cases with positive lymph node metastasis than in those with negative lymph node metastasis; and (d) in PT‐ST, Ki‐67 labeling was lower in the cases with positive lymph node metastasis than in those with negative lymph node metastasis. In conclusion, Tn antigen expression was correlated with pathological prognostic factors in SC but not in PT‐ST, whereas STn antigen expression was correlated with pathological prognostic factors in PT‐ST but not in SC. Moreover, lnverse relationship between Ki‐67 labeling and nodal status was observed in PT‐ST. These differences between SC and PT‐ST may be related to their different biological behaviors.
A new monoclonal antibody (IE8) reactive with dendritically shaped cells in the human tonsil
Authors: Nagasaki Makoto , Harada Takayuki , Morikawa Shigeru
Published: December 2008

A new monoclonal antibody (mAb), 1E8 (IgG1, k), was obtained from a hybrldoma prepared by fusion of mouse myeloma cells (NS‐1) with splenic cells of mice immunized with a human B blastic malignant lymphoma cell line, HPE‐Ret‐3 (Ret‐3). The mAb showed a reactivity unrestricted to a specific cell lineage on flow cytometrical analysis of the reacthttty with human lympho‐hematopoietic cell lines. In peripheral blood, 1E8 reacted with the cells of all lineage, that is, lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes and platelets, even though its intenslty was very low by immunohistochem‐Istry. Immunohistochemical examination of human tonsil with 1E8 showed a characteristic staining pattern. Positive cells scattered in follicular (mantle zone and germinal center), parafollicular (T‐dependent area), subepithelial and interstitlal connective tissue areas. These positive cells seemed to be categorized into dendritically shaped cells (DSC), including dendrltic cells (DC) and a subpopulation of macrophages in follicles, interdigitating cells (IDC) and irregularly shaped mononuclear cells. The localization of 1E8 antigen staining was similar to that of integrin CDi l c, although its distribution on hematopoietic cell lines did not coincide with that of 1E8 antigen. lmmunobiochemical studies showed that 1E8 bound two cell surface proteins with molecular size of 70000–90000 and 35000 Da each. Consequently, 1E8 antigen might be a novel marker of DSC.
Diffuse laminar endocervical glandular hyperplasia
Authors: Maruyama Riruke , Nagaoka Saburo , Terao Kiminari , Honda Masayuki , Koita Hiroyuki
Published: December 2008

A case is reported of diffuse laminar endocervical glandular hyperplasia, which is very rare among pseudoneoplastic endocervical glandular lesions. The patient was a 54 year old woman who had been suffering from watery vaginal discharge for about 7 years, and the lesion was found in the cervix of the hysterectomy specimen. Microscopically, the lesion showed a diffuse, Iaminar proliferation of hyperplastic endocervical glands, sharply demarcated from the underlying stroma. The significant nuclear atypia was absent. Inflammatory response was mild. Immunohistochemically, carcinoembryonic antigen was negative. Differential diagnosis from other non‐neoplastic conditions and well differentiated adenocarcinoma is discussed.
Increased serum levels of type IV collagen and laminin in a patient with a giant retroperitoneal schwannoma
Authors: Iwahashi Masaaki , Yamoto Mareo , Yamashita Kazuya , Nakano Ryosuke , Ooshima Akira
Published: December 2008

A 63 year old woman presented with a giant abdominal tumor. Ultrasonography, computerized tomography and drop infused pyelography revealed a suspected retroperitoneal tumor. The tumor was removed surgically and weighed 2800g. The pathological diagnosis of the tumor was schwannoma. Strong immunohistochemical staining specific for type IV collagen and laminin was observed in the tumor, and these components were localized in the pericellular region of Schwann cells. The serum levels of these antigens, as determined by radio‐immunoassay, were very high before the operation but decreased rapidly thereafter.
Mueinous cholangiacarcinoma featuring a unique microcystic appearance
Authors: Sonobe Hlrashi , Enzan Hideaki , Ido Eiji , Furihata Mutsuo , Iwata Jun , Ohtsuki Yuji , Watanabe Ryohei
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case is presented of a peculiar type of intrahe‐patic mucinous adenocarcinoma with microcyst formation arising In a 78 year old Japanese man who died of hepatic coma and renal failure 4 months after onset. Macroscopi‐cally, the cut surface of the lesion revealed a characteristic honeycomb‐like appearance, consisting purely of micro‐cysts, 0.2–0.4 cm in diameter, lined by prolific mucin‐producing adenocarclnoma cells. The lesion did not have large cystic space, flbrous capsule, or benign cystadenoma‐tous component other than neoplastic microcyst formation. The carcinoma cells showed various proliferating patterns, such as irregularly shaped nest‐like, trabecular, papillary and tubular ones, directly Invaded the hepatic parenchyma and portal tract with loose or thick fibrosis, and infiltrated extensively into both intrahepatic and extrahepatic stroma along the vascular structures. From these clinicopathologi‐cal ffndlngs, we conslder the present tumor to be a variant of mucinous cholangiocarcinoma with characteristic microcyst formation rather than a type of cystadenocarcinoma.
Carcinosarcomas of the esophagus
Authors: Taniyama Kiyomi , Sasaki Naomi , Mukai Toshikazu , Uemura Naomi , Miyoshi Nobukazu , Nakai Hayao , Nakayama Hirofumi , Tahara Eiichi
Published: December 2008

Two cases of carcinosarcoma of the esophagus are reported. Both were polypoid tumors occurring in the middle of the intrathoracic esophagus. The tumors were predominantly composed of spindle‐shaped sarcoma cells with some squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). One tumor showed many bizarre giant cells with filamentous materials in the cytoplasm. Microscopical examination of both tumors revealed transition from SCC to sarcoma cells. Immunohistochemi‐cally, the spindle‐shaped sarcoma cells in both tumors displayed a strongly positive immunoreaction to alpha‐smooth muscle actin, as did the bizarre giant cells of one tumor to sarcomeric actin. SCC and a few spindle‐shaped sarcoma cells near the SCC showed a positive immunoreaction to cytokeratin. Electron microscopy revealed that the spindle‐shaped cells had many myofilaments with dense bodies and that the bizarre giant cells had sarcomere structures with 2‐bands in their cytoplasm. These findings indicate that both tumors were carcinosarcomas of SCC and myogenic sarcoma. We considered that sarcoma cells might originate in SCC, representing its metaplastic differentiation, or that both SCC and sarcoma might originate in a pluripotent stem cell.
Carcinosarcoma of the uterine body of mesonephric origin
Authors: Yamamoto Yosuke , Akagi Akiko , Izumi Keisuke , Kishi Yasuya
Published: December 2008

A case of carclnosarcoma of mesonephric origin in a 58 year old woman Is reported. A cystic tumor with a solid area, measuring 14 cm in greatest diameter, was detected in the pelvic cavity by computerized tomography and ultrasound. Although it was diagnosed as an ovarian cancer for surgical removal, it was found to be entirely located in the myomet‐rium of the left lateral wall of the uterine body and neither ovary was remarkable. Histologically the tumor was composed of epithelial and sarcomatous components. The former showed low papillary pattern, crowded solid nests and cords of cells, and focal tubular structures. The latter showed a solid growth pattern with differentiation to leiomyo‐sarcoma. In the uterine cervix, a 1.2 cm mesonephric (Gartner's) cyst was found. Neither neoplastic lesions nor endometriosis were identified in the cervix, endometrium, fallopian tubes or ovaries. Based on the histologic features and the specific location of the tumor, the coexistence of Gartner's cyst, and the normal appearance of the endocervi‐cal mucosa as well as the endometrium, it was diagnosed as a mesonephric carcinosarcoma. The serum levels of carci‐noembryonic antigen, CA125, CA19–9, and CA72–4 were within normal ranges in the clinical course. The patient died of disease 8 months after surgery.
Aneryhremic form of acute erythremic myelosis (Di Guglielmo's syndrome) causing hepatosplenomegaly due to the infiltration of hemoglobin‐bearing blast cells: An autopsy case
Authors: Tsuji Motomu , Tamai Masamltru , Terada Nobuyuki , Tako Hajime
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a 42 year old man with the anerythremic form of acute erythremic myelosis (Di Guglielmo's syndrome) is reported. The patient was admitted because of a 1 month history of fatigue and fever. Physical examination showed hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory data showed leu‐kopenla, mild normocytic anemia, and high levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase and vitamin B12. Bone marrow aspirate revealed an elevated number of erythroblasts, with dyserythropoiesis (E/M=3.7). After admission, thrombocy‐topenla progressed rapidly, but blast cells were not seen in the peripheral blood throughout the clinical course. On the Wh hospttal day, the patient died of pneumonia. At autopsy, the spleen welghatd 550 g and the liver 1800 g. Histologically, the white and red pulps of the spleen and the portal region and sinusoid of the liver were diffusely infiltrated by blast cells that were positive for anti‐hemoglobin (Hb) antibody on immunoperoxfdase staining. The bone marrow, the lymph nodes, the adrenal glands, the pancreas, and the heart were also infiltrated by the blast cells. This was thus considered to be a rare case of the anerythremic form of acute erythremic myelosis (Di Guglielmo's syndrome), the findings showing that Hb immunoperoxidase staining is useful for the diagnosis of this condition.
Primary osteosarcoma arising from cirrhotic liver
Authors: Kilayama Yasuhiko , Sugimura Haruhiko , Arai Tomio , Nagamatsu Kiyoaki , Kino Isamu
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a 67 year old man with primary osteosarcoma arising in cirrhotic liver is reported. His son had von Recklinghausen disease and he had had a history of hepatitis C virus infection for 10 years. A large tumor, about lO cm in diameter, was found in the right liver lobe. This tumor showed marked central necrosis and hemorrhage, and his‐tologically diffuse sarcomatous cell proliferation associated with extensive osteoid formation and calcification of the periphery. Examination of the whole tumor and the cirrhotic liver (155 tissue blocks) showed that the tumor consisted of sarcoma cells mixed with osteoid with no region resembling hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatoblastoma. Minute hepatocellular carcinomas were found in the cirrhotic liver distant from the sarcomatous area. On immunohistochemical examination, the main tumor gave a distinct positive reaction for vimentin, but not for keratin or other epithelial markers. These findings indicate that the tumor was a true primary osteosarcoma, not an osteoid metaplasia of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Immunohistochemical localization of glutathione peroxidase, a lipid peroxides scavenger, in atherosclerotic lesions of human arteries
Authors: Mori Ichiro , Yoshimura Shinichi , Watanabe Keiichi
Published: December 2008

The localization of glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PO) in the human arteriosclerotic lesions was Investigated by immunohistochemlcal methods. GSH‐PO Is an enzyme that effectively reduces lipid peroxides. It is also known that its synthesis is significantly increased by lipid peroxides, the substrate of the enzyme. Accordingly, the increased expression of GSH‐PO would indicate the promotion of lipid peroxidation in the site. lmmunohistochemistry for Apo‐B protein, the major protein component of plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL), was also performed to show the amount of plasma LDL permeation and deposition on the arterial wall. Ather‐omatous plaques contained numerous GSH‐PO positiie cells with foamy cytoplasm, while normal arterial walls were almost devoid of GSH‐PO positive cells. lmmunoelectron microscopically, the GSH‐PO reaction products were observed diffusely in the cytoplasm of these cells. The deposition of Apo‐B was closely related to the localization of GSH‐PO positive cells in the atheromatous lesions. These findings suggest that the lipid peroxidation that surpasses the protective actions of GSH‐PO may cause foamy change of smooth muscle cells and macrophages to ultimately form atherosclerotic lesions.
Contribution of Epstein‐Barr virus to development of malignant lymphoma of the thyroid
Authors: Takahashi Kenji , Kashima Kenji , Daa Tsutomu , Yokoyama Shigeo , Nakayama Iwao , Noguchi Shiro
Published: December 2008

Epstein‐Ban virus (EBV)‐related mRNA, their products and apoptosis were investigated in 32 cases of malignant lymphoma of the thyroid (MLT) and 30 cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) by in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and nick end labeling method on routinely processed tissue sections. In MLT, EBV‐encoded small RNA (EBER) were detected in three cases, consisting of a follicular, predominantly large cell type (FL), a diffuse, large cell type (DL) and a large cell, immunoblastic type (IBL). In EBER‐positive cases, IBL that was positive for T cell marker, exhibited neither Bam Hl H Left Frame 1 (BHLF 1) transcript, EBV‐encoded latent membrane protein (LMP) nor BamHl 2 Left Frame 1 (BZLF1) gene product (ZEBRA), whereas both BHLF1 and ZEBRA were found in a small portion of the tumor cells in the FL and DL that expressed B cell marker and LMP. Apoptotic cells were observed in only a few lymphocytes in HT, and in a few non‐neoplastic lymphocytes and various numbers of lymphoma cells in MLT. The apoptotic cell ratio of MLT tended to be higher in lower grade lymphomas. These results suggest that EBV may participate in the malignant transformation from HT to MLT.
Circumferential Peyronie's disease involving both the corpora cavernosa
Authors: Narita Takeo , Kudo Hajime , Matsumoto Kenn‐ichi
Published: December 2008

An extraordinary form of Peyronies disease is reported. The patient was a 52 year old male, who died of a malignant thymoma with multiple bone metastasis, extensive pleural carcinomatosis of the left lung and some metastatic nodules in the liver and the mesenterium. At autopsy, the proximal and middle portions of the penis were very hard. Macro‐scopically, the entire tunica albuginea of both the corpora cavernosa was markedly thickened, 2–4 mm; and calcified. Microscopically, the tunica albuginea showed extensive hyaline degeneration, calcification and ossifying foci with osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Inflammatory cells were frequently found beneath the thickened tunica albuginea. In the corpus cavernosum, cavernous arteries showed marked inti‐mal thickening and medial muscular degeneration with a few inflammatory cells. Smooth muscles of the stroma were extensively atrophic and degenerative, and some of them were infiltrated with a few inflammatory cells. Ih the corpus spongiosum, the lunica albuginea was not thickened, but the smooth muscle in the stroma was atrophic and degenerative and a few inflammatory cells were also found. Surprisingly, there was no Littrés gland around the urethra. In Peyronies disease, the dorsal part of the penis is usually involved, and less frequently lateral or ventral sites are involved. The circumferential involvement of both the corpora cavernosa has not been reported until now, as far as the authors know.
Peutz‐Jeghers syndrome with osseous metaplasia of the intestinal polyps
Authors: Nerita Takeo , Ohnuma Hiroyuki , Yokoyama Shin
Published: December 2008

A cam of Peutz‐Jeghers syndrome (PJS) with osseous metaplasia In three of 15 hamartomatous polyps of the small Intestine Is reported. At 35 years of age, the patient was diagnosed as having PJS by cutaneous pigmentation around the mouth and polyposis of the stomach, duodenum and Intestine. Fifty‐two polyps of the large intestine were resected, which were Characteristic of those of PJS. Three of them showed adenomatous and carcinomatous changes, but there was no osseous metaplasia in any of the resected polyps. At age 40, he had surgery under the diagnosis of Intestinal obstruction. There were 15 polyps in the resected jejunum. These polyps were also characteristic of those of PJS. Additionally, three of these polyps were accompanied by osseous metaplasia. Histologically, mature bone formation and Calcification were found close to the hyperplastic glands In the submucosa or in the propriate muscle. Malignant transformation was not observed. Osseous metaplasia is extremely rare in benign potyps, and it has not been reported in hamartomatous polyps of PJS to date. The knowledge of this association may be helpful in the clinical diagnosis of this benign lesion in PJS.
Nasal glioma: An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study
Authors: Tashiro Yoshihiko , Sueishi Katsuo , Nakao Keisuke
Published: December 2008

A case of a 14 month old Japanese female infant presenting with nasal glioma Is reported. The tumor had been noticed at the nasal radix since birth and had slowly and progressively enlarged. There was no communication between the tumor and the cranial cavity on radiological examination. The tumor was macroscopically anchored to the nasal septum by a fibrous stalk, and histologically consisted of nests or trabeculae of either polygonal or spindle cells with plump eosinophilic cytoplasm and oval nuclei, separated by vascular‐rich connective tissue intermingled with multinu‐cleated giant cells. These tumor cells were immunohisto‐chemically positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein as well as for S‐100 protein and vimentin. An electron microscopic examination revealed collagen fibers and basal lamina between the tumor cells and the fibroblasts. Tumor cells possessed abundant intermediate filaments, which showed occasional Rosenthal fiber‐like structures, in their cytoplasm and processes. A few oligodendrocytes and cilia of 9 micro‐tubule doublets either with or without 2 central microtubules were also noted. These clinicopathological findings suggested that this tumor was once an encephalo(meningo)cele, which probably degenerated as a result of the loss of intracranial communication and then appeared to be isolated from the intracranial tissue.
Hyalinizing trabecular adenoma of the thyroid: Its unusual cytoplasmic immunopositivity for MIB1
Authors: Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Shimizu Michio , Manabe Toshiaki , Kuroda Makoto , Mizoguchi Yoshikazu
Published: December 2008

The monoclonal antibody Ki‐67 reacts with a human nuclear cell proliferation‐associated antigen that is expressed in all active parts of the cell cycle and is well established as a marker of cell proliferation. However, the Ki‐67 method requires fresh frozen material. Recently, MIB1 has been reported to give an immunohistochemical staining pattern identical to Ki‐67 on paraffin‐embedded tissue sections, frozen sections and cytological samples? This proliferation‐associated antigen is apparently localized in the nucleus. Recently, we performed immunohistochemical staining using the monoclonal MIB1 antibody upon a variety of tumors and non‐neoplastic conditions of the thyroid. Tumor cells of hyalinizing trabecular adenoma revealed an intense cytoplasmic immunopositivity for MIB1. In contrast, cytoplasmic immunostaining for MIB1 was negative in all other thyroid tumors and non‐neoplastic lesions. Because of this unusual staining pattern, we repeated the staining of all cases and found the results to be reproducible. Therefore, we believe that positive cytoplasmic immunostaining for MIB1 is a characteristic finding of hyalinizing trabecular adenoma and is useful in differentiating it from other thyroid tumors.
Transient expression of type I collagen in glomeruli with anti‐Thy‐1 antibody‐induced mesangial proliferative lesions
Authors: Yagi Mikio , Yamamoto Tadashi , Nagano Nobuo , Kato Shinichiro , Kusaka Masaru , Kawasaki Katsutoshi , Yaoita Eishin , Kihara Itaru
Published: December 2008

Glomerular expression of extracellular matrices at the protein and mRNA levels was examined in rats with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis induced by the intravenous administration of a monoclonal anti‐rat Thy‐1 antibody. In close association with the mesangial proliferative lesion, type I collagen was imrnunostained at day 8 but not demonstrated at day 28 in the glomeruli of the kidneys. Type I collagen mRNA expression prominently increased in the nephritic glomeruli at day 4, prior to the appearance of type I collagen protein. In addition, fibronectin expression was also elevated in the diseased glomeruli at both the protein and mRNA levels. These results indicated that glomerular, probably mesangial cells, change their phenotypes during this disease, to synthesize abnormal extracellular matrices that lead to the progression of glomerular sclerosis.
Correlation between the number of apoptotic cells and expression of the apoptosis‐related antigens Fas, Ley and bcl‐2 protein in non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas
Authors: Aftabuddin Mohammad , Yamadori Ichiro , Yoshino Tadashi , Kondo Eisaku , Akagi Tadaatsu
Published: December 2008

The relationship between the number of apoptotic cells and the expression of apoptosis‐related antigens was examined In 56 cases of non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas and in 10 cases of reactive hyperplastic lymph nodes (RHL). Apoptosis was visually quantified by the in situ end‐labeling (ISEL) method, and the expression of Fas, Ley antigens and bcl‐2 protein was examined by Immunohistochemistry. The expression of Ley antigen was observed in germinal centers of RHL and 45% of non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas. The apoptotic cell count (AC) in follicular lymphomas was significantly less than that in diffuse lymphomas. The distribution pattern of apoptotic cells In follicular lymphomas was inverse to that in RHL. In follicular lymphomas, AC was lower in follicles than in inter‐follicular areas. In contrast, AC was higher in follicles than in Interfollicular areas in RHL. Ley antigen‐positive lymphomas showed a significantly higher AC than the negative cases. The Fas antigen‐positive lymphomas showed a higher AC than the negative cases. However, AC in bcl‐2 protein‐positive and negative cases was not significantly different. These results suggest that Ley and Fas antigens appear to be involved in the apoptotic tendency of tumor cells in non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas, whereas bcl‐2 does not necessarily.
Pulmonary oncocytorna: Report of a case in conjunction with an immunhistochemical and ultrastructural study
Authors: Tashiro Yoshihiko , Iwata Yasushi , Nabae Toshinaga , Manabe Hideo
Published: December 2008

An Intra‐pulmonary mass in a 51 year old Japanese woman was incidentally discovered in the right middle iobe. The resected tumor was grossly well‐demarcated, solid, light yellowish white in color and measured 3.0 times 2.0 times 1.5 cm in size. It was composed of a diffuse proliferation of large polygonal cells with an abundant, granular cytoplasm, and round to irregular nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Smaller eosinophilic cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and larger vacuolated cells were also observed. However, no mucin production was detected. There were neither argyrophilic nor argentaffin cells, and no serotonin‐positive cells. They showed an immunoreactivity to cytokeratin and vimentin but not to alpha‐actin. On electron microscopy, abundant microvilli, which have never been previously described in pulmonary oncocytomas, were observed. Occasional des‐msomes and myelin figures as well as numerous mitochondria were also men. No neurosecretory granules were present. These findings suggested that this tumor might have an epithelial origin from the bronchial serous gland with subsequent cellular degeneration.
Non‐X histiocytoma, similar to fibrous histiocytoma, in an infant
Authors: Kakihara Toshio , Fujii Mieko , Uchiyama Makoto , Fuita Shigeru , Koyama Miyako , Fukuda Takeaki , Naito Makoto , Emura Iwao
Published: December 2008

A case is presented of a female infant with an atypical histiocytoma. A gradually enlarging brown lesion was noted on the left side of the chest at the age of 2 weeks. Microscopic study of a biopsy revealed an ill‐defined infiltration of spindle cells with indented nuclei. The tumor cells were positive for CD14, HLA‐DR, lysozyme, alpha‐1‐antitrypsin and alpha‐1‐antichymotrypsin, and negative for CD1, CD3, CD8, CD10, CD19, CD68 and S‐100 by immunohistochemis‐try. Electron microscopy demonstrated no distinct Birbeck's granules, but aberrant granules were seen in a small number of cells. At 7 months of age, a nodule with similar histologic features was noted in the nuchal region, but was incompletely resected. The patient remains recurrence‐free at 36 months of age. This case is thought to be a benign form of non‐X histiocytoma.
Podocytic degeneration and regeneration in puromycin aminonucleoside nephropathy in the rat
Authors: Yamazaki Toru
Published: December 2008

In various types of chronic glomerulonephritis, proliferation of mesangial and endothelial cells is often seen together with extracellular matrix accumulation. In contrast, the proliferation of visceral glomerular epithelial cells (podocytes) has not been detected in any disease in which these cells are the principal target of injury. To examine whether proliferation of podocytes occurs, puromycin aminonucleoside nephropathy was induced in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of puromycin aminonucleoside (15mg/100g of bodyweight). In this nephropathy model of nephrotic syndrome with minimal change, the main lesions consisted of vacuolation and flattened foot processes of podocytes, which are the primary target of puromycin aminonucleoside. Urine protein excretion and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cells were examined. The PCNA+ podocytic count reached its maximum on day 3, indicating that the most marked podocytic proliferation occurs just after the injection of PAN. Twenty‐four hour urinary excretion in this nephropathy model supported the hypothesis that mitosis of podocytes occurs in association with recovery on day 13.
Quantitative analysis of stromal fat content of human parathyroid glands associated with thyroid diseases using computer image analysis
Authors: Iwasaki Arata , Shan Liang , Kawano Ichiro , Nakamura Misa , Utsuno Hirotoshi , Kobayashi Akira , Kuma Kanji , Kakudo Kennichi
Published: December 2008

The stromal fat content in the parathyroid glands and its significance are still controversial. Several methods have also been introduced to evaluate the content in the literature. In an attempt to better understand the significance of stromal fat content, a computer image analyzing system was applied and 62 glands were investigated using routinely processed tissue. Our study revealed that the average stromal fat content was 34.8±18.7% which was lower than that of other studies. The stromal fat content was correlated with the age, grade of obesity, area of the gland and serum parathormone level; however, no consistent patterns were obtained with other clinical parameters. These results indicate that the change of stromal fat content may be related to the general condition of the patient similar to the change of fat in other organs. However, the decrease of the content may indicate the early change of parathormone secretory activity even if the serum examination shows no evidence of hyperfunction of the glands.
Angiomyofibroblastoma of the vulva: A clinicopathologic study of seven cases
Authors: Hisaoka Masanori , Kouho Hiromi , Aoki Takatoshi , Daimaru Yutaka , Hashimoto Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical review was made of seven cases of angiomyofibroblastoma. The patients were middle‐aged women who had a slowly growing mass, measuring 1.5–6 cm in maximum dimension, located sub‐cutaneously in the vulva. The tumors were well‐demarcated and characterized by well‐vascularized, alternating hyper‐cellular and hypocellular edematous areas composed of bland, plump spindle‐ or oval‐shaped stromal cells frequently aggregated around small blood vessels. An epithelioid appearance of the stromal cells was seen in two cases. Immunohistochemically, the stromal cells were consistently positive for vimentin and desmin, but negative for muscle specific actin, a‐smooth muscle actin, myosin, cytokeratins, S‐100 protein or von Willebrand factor. Ultrastructurally, the plump stromal cells had a small amount of peripherally located rough endoplasmic reticulum, numerous pinocytotic vesicles and abundant intermediate filaments, on which immunogold probes for desmin were localized, whereas fine filaments were few and there were no electron dense plaques. Thus, while the proliferating stromal cells expressed an immunohistochemical profile of peculiar myoid differentiation, ultrastructural findings differed from those of smooth muscle cells or those seen in typical myofibroblasts. At 1–4 years after surgery, there was no evidence of recurrence.
Flow cytometric evaluation of nuclear DNA content in hepatoblastoma: Further evidence for the inhomogeneity of the different subtypes
Authors: Krober Stefan , Ruck Peter , Xiao Jia‐Cheng , Kaiserling Edwin
Published: December 2008

The DNA ploidy pattern of nine hepatoblastomas and three normal liver specimens was investigated by flow cytometry. Areas of unlike differentiation in the same tumor were investigated separately. Normal liver tissue and the fetal subtype were always diploid. Aneuploidy was found in the embryonal subtype. The one case of small cell tumor was also diploid. When the fetal and embryonal areas of the same tumor were analyzed together, there was always an aneuploid peak in the histogram. There are obvious differences in DNA ploidy among the various hepatoblastoma subtypes. Differences in methods used, including the failure in some studies to evaluate areas of unlike differentiation in the same tumor separately, probably account to some extent for the conflicting results of previously reported studies. When flow cytometric analysis of the DNA content of a hepatoblastoma is performed, it is important to ensure that the various types of differentiation in the tumor are represented adequately in the material investigated, especially when conclusions about the prognosis are to be based on these findings.
A collapsing farm of glomerulopathy
Authors: Shimamurn Tetsuo , Walker John
Published: December 2008

An unusual presentation of glomerular disease occurring in a 31) year old black female is described. The case was charecterized by a rapid dsterioration of renal function. Associated glomerular manifestations were diffuse collapse of the glomerular Capillary lumina, extracapillary hypercellu‐larlty without obliteration of the urinary space and without prollferation of parietal epithellal cells, electron‐dense deposits, and deposition of IgG and C3. There was little loss of tubules and minor interstitial fibrosis. This case demonstrated a collapsing form of glomerulopathy with immuno‐globulin and electron‐dense deposits.
A sporadk case of Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome type IV Diagnosed by a morphometric study of collagen content
Authors: Nishiyama Yasuyuki , Manabe Noboru , Ooshirna Akira , Miyatake Shin‐ichi , Adachi Toshihiro , Takahashl Kiyoyuki , Kanda Yuji , Hiai Hiroshi , Fukumoto Manabu
Published: December 2008

A sporadic cam of a young woman with Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (EDS) type IV is hscrlbed. Multiple aneurysms of medium‐sized arteries were noted. Histological study revealed deposition of acid mucopolysaccharides in the media of malor arteries and in the intirna of smaller arteries with Intimal thickenlng. Systemic changes related to stenosis were observed in arteries more than 100 μm in diameter. Histologic study revealed hyperplasia of adipocytes in the submucosal layer of the intestines and the trachea, and flbrosis of Langerhans' islets of the pancreas. Typical signs for EDS such as skin hyperelasticity and joint hypermobility, and posltive family history were not present. However, type III collagen was not detected on frozen sections from either the skin or the anterior cerebral artery by imrnunohistochem‐ical quantification. Thus, it was concluded that the present case is a varlant of EDS.
Regional Proteus syndrome: Report of an autopsy case
Authors: Horie Yasushi , Fujita Hajime , Mano Shohei , Kuwajima Minoru , Ogawa Katsuo
Published: December 2008

An uncommon autopsy case involving Proteus syndrome with multiple hamartomatous lesions in a 52 year old woman is reported. At birth, hemihypertrophy was noted on the right side of the face. Leiomyoma of the urinary bladder was extirpated at 37 years of age. She died of sepsis due to a brain abscess. At autopsy, diffuse asymmetrical lipomatosis was noted on the right side of the face, scalp, lip, oral mucosa, tongue and on the left side of the cerebellar peduncle. Muitiple meningiomas, cavernous hemangiomas and osseous hypertrophy overlapped in the intracranial regions. The present case is considered as a regional type of Proteus syndrome displaying a somatic mosaicism.
Fibro‐osseous pseudotumor of the digits arising in the subungual region: A rare benign lesion simulating extraskeletal osteosarcoma
Authors: Horie Yasushi , Morimura Tsukasa
Published: December 2008

A rare case of subungual fibro‐osseous pseudotumor of the digits in a 59 year old woman is reported. A painful polypoid mass with ulcerative changes was noted in the subungual portion of the right first toe. Macroscopically, the tumor arose chiefly in the subcutaneous region and was unrelated to the underlying bone tissue. Histologically, the lesion contained fibroblast‐like tumor cells producing an extensive osteoid substance in a granulation‐like background. Although it was necessary to distinguish the lesion from extraskeletal osteosarcoma, the tumor cells lacked prominent atypical features. It is considered that pathologists and clinicians should add fibro‐osseous pseudotumor of the digits to the differential diagnosis of subungual tumor.
Morule with biotin‐containing intranuclear inclusions in thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Okamoto Yusaku , Kashima Kenji , Daa Tsutomu , Yokoyama Shigeo , Nakayama Iwao , Noguchi Shiro
Published: December 2008

One thousand and sixty cases of thyroid carcinoma were reviewed to compare morules with squamous metaplasia clinicopathologically and immunohistochemically. Morules and squamous metaplasia were found in five (0.47%) and 32 cases (3.0%) respectively. The five patients with morules were all female (age 20–36 years) including four with papillary carcinoma and one with follicular carcinoma. The 32 patients with squamous metaplasia consisted of 30 females and 2 males (age 14–78 years), all of whom had papillary carcinoma except for one follicular carcinoma. The morules demonstrated characteristic ‘optically clear nuclei’ (OCN), which ultrastructurally showed filamentous structures in the nuclei. The OCN were immunohistochemically demonstrated to contain intranuclear biotin. Furthermore, the morule often accompanied with the OCN was positive for Ulex Europaeus agglutinin I (UEA‐I) but negative for bovine muzzle epidermal keratin (EK). On the contrary, squamous metaplasia unaccompanied with the OCN was negative for UEA‐I, but positive for EK. Follow‐up information revealed that one of the five patients with morules had died of the disease, one was alive with pulmonary metastasis, and three were disease‐free. Eight of 32 patients with squamous metaplasia had died of the disease; of the others who were alive, four patients have had recurrence.
Six cases of microscopic polyarteritis exhibiting acute interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Akikusa Bunshlro , Kondo Yoichiro , Irabu Noritsugu , Yamamoto Shunichi , Saiki Shigeki
Published: December 2008

Out of 21 autopsy cases of microscopic polyarteritis (MPA), six cases that died of acute respiratory failure are described. All of these six cases exhibited pauci‐immune necrotizing glomerulonephritis. Of these six cases, systemic vasculitis and respiratory failure occurred almost simultaneously in two, whereas respiratory failure developed when vasculitis recurred in the other four. Pathologically, pulmonary changes were diffuse and almost uniform in each case. Interstitial inflammatory cells (alveolitis), hyaline membrane, restructuring, and fibrosis were observed. The degrees of these changes differed from case to case; four cases showed predominantly exudative changes and two cases exhibited proliferative or organizing ones. Clinical and pathological features were consistent with acute interstitial pneumonia (Alp). lmmunofluorescent and ultrastructural studies did not suggest deposition of immune complexes at the lesions of alveolitis. An etiologic agent could not be identified in these cases. Some lung lesions inciuding pulmonary hemorrhage have been described in association with MPA; however, cases such as those presented here have rarely been reported. It was considered that AIP could be one of the pulmonary disorders in MPA. Furthermore, the possible pathogenetic role of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in the evolution of present lung lesion is discussed. Although ANCA were not examined in the present cases, these antibodies should be investigated in future cases.
Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma: An immunohistochemical and flow cytometric study of six cases
Authors: Fukunaga Masaharu , Ushigome Shinichiro , Nikaido Takashi , Ishikawa Eisei , Nakamori Kazuhito
Published: December 2008

Six cases of spindle cell hemangioendothelioma (SCH) are presented with immunohistochemical and flow cytometric analyses. One case was associated with Maffucci's syndrome. All lesions were solitary or multifocal in the extremities, and prepresentation duration ranged from years to decades. One case recurred but none had metastases. Histologically, in four of the six cases the main lesions appeared to arise within vessels, predominantly muscular vessels. All lesions consisted of cavernous hemangiomalike areas and solid cellular areas resembling Kaposi's sarcoma. Cellular atypia was minimal. At the periphery of the lesions, a cluster of large thick or thin walled, and probably malformed, vessels were observed. Immunohistochemically, factor‐VIII related antigen, CD34, vimentin, and lectin binding Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 stained endothelial cells lining vascular channels, and vacuolated, or epithelioid cells. Spindle cells in the solid areas were negative for these endothelial markers except for vimentin, but showed divergent positive immunoreactions of HHF35, alpha‐smooth muscle actin, desmin, and collagen type IV. Five cases were diploid and one was aneuploid. There was no significant correlation among DNA ploidy, S‐phase fraction, and local recurrence in SCH although the number of cases examined was small. These results suggest SCH may be a benign lesion, probably a reactive process, rather than a low‐grade angiosarcoma.
Immunohistochemical study on collagenous proteins and biophysical analysis of crystals in extraskeletal chondroma
Authors: Ota Masako , Oda Yoshio , Nakanishi Isao
Published: December 2008

The immunohistological distribution of collagen types I, II, III, and VI in five cases of extraskeletal chondroma was examined and compared with that in six cases of enchondroma. In addition, the composition of crystals deposited in three wses of extraskebtal chondroma were biophysically analyzed with special attention to the relationship between the collagen types of the matrix and the crystal deposition. In extraskeletal chondroma, immunoreactivity of type II collagen in the extracellular matrix and type VI collagen in the pericellufar area, which were strongly and diffusely recognized in the normal hyaline cartilage and enchondroma, was diminished. Instead, additional types of collagen, types I and III, were demonstrated in the matrix. Electron roentgenographic microanalysis and infrared light spectroscopic analysis revealed that calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) was included in the crystals of extraskeletal chondroma. CPPD crystals were observed in/ around collagen types I and III. The possible relationship between the difference of collagen composition in the matrix and the CPPD crystal deposition is discussed.
Monoclonality of normal human colonic crypts
Authors: Endo Yutaka , Sugimura Haruhiko , Kino Isamu
Published: December 2008

The monoclonality of human colonic crypts was demonstrated by human androgen receptor (HUMARA) gene assay following application of the crypt isolation method. DNA was extracted from an isolated single crypt, Hpa II digestion was performed before polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by primers spanning the HUMARA exon 1 region. The PCR product of a single crypt clearly showed allelic exclusion based on methylation status, while PCR product from a mixture of 40 crypts or colonic mucosa as a whole that included epitheliums and interstitial connective tissue had two bands. This method will facilitate the non‐isotopic analysis not only of tumor clonality, but also of the nonnal structures derived from a single progenitor cell.
Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the rectum
Authors: Vilor Mabel , Tsutsumi Yutaka , Osamura R. Yoshiyuki , Tokunaga Nobuhiro , Soeda Jin‐ichi , Ohta Masatoshi , Nakazaki Hisao , Shibayama Yasuhisa , Ueno Fumiake
Published: December 2008

Poorly differentiated small cell neuroendocrine (NE) carcinoma of the colon and rectum is a rare primaty epithelial malignancy at this location. A case of a highly aggressive NE tumor of small cell type, combined with non‐invasive well‐differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma in villous adenoma is reported. The patient died rapidly with massive and progressive liver metastasis. The tumor cells were argyrophilic and diffusely immunoreactive for neuron‐specific enolase and synaptophysin. Ultrastructural analysis disclosed NE‐type cored granules in most of the small tumor cells. NE tumors of the colon and rectum are briefly reviewed.