bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mood State and Behavior Predictions in Social Media through Unstructured Data Analysis
Authors: Bawa Gurpreet Singh , Sharma Suresh Kumar , Jain Kanchan K.
Published: July 2019

For mood State and Behavior Predictions in Social Media through Unstructured Data Analysis, a new model, Behavior Dirichlet Probability Model (BDPM), which can capture the Behavior and Mood of user on Social media is proposed using Dirichlet distribution. There is a colossal amount of data being generated regularly on social media in the form of text from various channels by individuals in the form of posts, tweets, status, comments, blogs, reviews etc. Most of it belongs to some conversation where real-world individuals discuss, analyze, comment, exchange information. Deriving personality traits from textual data can be useful in observing the underlying attributes of the author’s personality which might explain a lot about their behavior, traits etc. These insights of the individual can be utilized to obtain a clear picture of their personality and accordingly a variety of services, utilities would follow automatically. Using Dirichlet probability distribution, the aim is to estimate the probability of each personality trait (or mood state) for an author and then model the latent features in the text which are not captured by the BDPM. As a result, the study can be helpful in prediction of mood state/personality trait as well as capturing the significance of the latent features apart from the ones present in the taxonomies, which will help in making an improved mood state or personality prediction.
Modelling the Mean Waiting Times for Queues in Selected Banks in Eldoret Town-Kenya
Authors: Karoney Kenneth Kibet , Kosgei Mathew K. , Nyongesa Kennedy L.
Published: July 2019

The mathematical study of waiting lines is mainly concerned with queue performance measures where several applications have been drawn in past studies. Among the vast uses and applications of the theory of queuing system in banking halls, is the main focus of this study where the theory has been used to solve the problem of long queues as witnessed in banks leads to resource waste. The study aims to model the waiting times for queues in selected banks within Eldoret town, Kenya. The latter component was put under D/D/1 framework and therein its mean derived while the stochastic component was put under the M/M/c framework. Harmonization of the moments of the deterministic and the stochastic components was done to come up with the mean of the overall bank queue traffic delay. The simulation was performed using MATLAB for traffic intensities ranging from 0.1 to 1.9. The results reveal that both deterministic and the stochastic delay components are compatible in modelling waiting time. The models also are applicable to real-time bank queue data whereupon simulation, both models depict fairly equal waiting times for server utilisation factors below 1 and an infinitely increasing delay at rho greater than 1. In conclusion, the models that estimate waiting time were developed and applied on real bank queue data. The models need to be implemented by the banks in their systems so that customers are in a position to know the expected waiting time to be served as soon as they get the ticket from the ticket dispenser.
Dynamic Buckling of a Clamped Finite Column Resting on a Non – linear Elastic Foundation
Authors: Bassey E. Julius, , Ette M. Anthony, , Chukwuchekwa U. Joy, , Osuji C. Atulegwu,
Published: July 2019

The analysis of the dynamic buckling of a clamped finite imperfect viscously damped column lying on a quadratic-cubic elastic foundation using the methods of asymptotic and perturbation technique is presented. The proposed governing equation contains two small independent parameters (δ and ϵ) which are used in asymptotic expansions of the relevant variables. The results of the analysis show that the dynamic buckling load of column decreases with its imperfections as well as with the increase in damping. The results obtained are strictly asymptotic and therefore valid as the parameters δ and ϵ become increasingly small relative to unity.
Lipid‐dependent coupling of secretory cargo sorting and trafficking at the trans‐Golgi network
Authors: von Blume Julia , Hausser Angelika
Published: July 2019

In eukaryotic cells, the trans‐Golgi network (TGN) serves as a platform for secretory cargo sorting and trafficking. In recent years, it has become evident that a complex network of lipid–lipid and lipid–protein interactions contributes to these key functions. This review addresses the role of lipids at the TGN with a particular emphasis on sphingolipids and diacylglycerol. We further highlight how these lipids couple secretory cargo sorting and trafficking for spatiotemporal coordination of protein transport to the plasma membrane.
Golgi stress response and organelle zones
Authors: Sasaki Kanae , Yoshida Hiderou
Published: July 2019

Organelles have been studied traditionally as single units, but a novel concept is now emerging: each organelle has distinct functional zones that regulate specific functions. The Golgi apparatus seems to have various zones, including zones for: glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored proteins; proteoglycan, mucin and lipid glycosylation; transport of cholesterol and ceramides; protein degradation (Golgi membrane‐associated degradation); and signalling for apoptosis. The capacity for these specific functions and the size of the corresponding zones appear to be tightly regulated by the Golgi stress response to accommodate cellular demands. For instance, the proteoglycan and mucin zones seem to be separately augmented during the differentiation of chondrocytes and goblet cells, respectively. The mammalian Golgi stress response consists of several response pathways. The TFE3 pathway regulates the general function of the Golgi, such as structural maintenance, N‐glycosylation and vesicular transport, whereas the proteoglycan pathway increases the expression of glycosylation enzymes for proteoglycans. The CREB3 and HSP47 pathways regulate pro‐ and anti‐apoptotic functions, respectively. These observations indicate that the Golgi is a dynamic organelle, the capacity of which is upregulated according to cellular needs.
Adults With Incident Accelerated Knee Osteoarthritis Are More Likely to Use Pharmacological Treatment Options and Receive Arthroscopic Knee Surgery: Data From the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Davis Julie E. , Harkey Matthew S. , Liu Shao‐Hsien , Lapane Kate , Price Lori Lyn , Lu Bing , Lo Grace H. , Eaton Charles B. , Barbe Mary F. , McAlindon Timothy E. , Driban Jeffrey B.
Published: July 2019

Objective

To determine if people with incident accelerated knee osteoarthritis (AKOA) were more likely to receive a pharmacological treatment or arthroscopic knee surgery than those with typical knee osteoarthritis (KOA) or no KOA.

Methods

We conducted a nested cohort study using data from baseline and the first 8 years of the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Eligible participants had no radiographic KOA at baseline (Kellgren‐Lawrence [KL] < 2). We classified three groups using KL grades: 1) AKOA: knee progressed to advanced‐stage KOA (KL 3/4) in 4 years or less, 2) typical KOA: knee increased in KL grade by 8 years (excluding AKOA), and 3) No KOA: no change in KL grade by 8 years. The outcome was self‐reported arthroscopic knee surgery or a pharmacological treatment option: nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), hyaluronic acid injections, intra‐articular corticosteroid injections, or prescription analgesics. Between‐group differences in therapeutic use were evaluated with Chi‐square tests.

Results

Adults who developed AKOA (n = 92) were more likely to report arthroscopic knee surgery (AKOA: 32%, KOA [n = 380]: 8%, no KOA [n = 875]: 3%; P < 0.001), hyaluronic acid injections (AKOA: 10%, KOA: 4%, no KOA: 1%; P < 0.001), intra‐articular corticosteroid injections (AKOA: 30%, KOA: 7%, no KOA: 4%; P < 0.001), and NSAID use (over the counter: AKOA: 65%, KOA: 48%, and no KOA: 46%; P = 0.003; prescription: AKOA: 61%, KOA: 43%, no KOA: 41%; P = 0.002).

Conclusion

Adults with AKOA are more likely to receive pharmacological treatment or arthroscopic knee surgery than their peers. Adults with AKOA are an important patient population that is understudied in clinical research despite their use of greater health care resources.
Molecular simulation of CH4 adsorption behavior in slit nanopores: Verification of simulation methods and models
Authors: Cao Jinrong , Liang Yunfeng , Masuda Yoshihiro , Koga Hiroaki , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Tamura Kohei , Takagi Sunao , Matsuoka Toshifumi
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study is to select an appropriate method for CH4 adsorption in organic nanopores for shale‐gas development. Molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations were performed. Three comparison studies were included: (i) comparison of the adsorption behavior in kerogen nanopores using different schemes for dispersion correction, (ii) comparison of the adsorption behavior in graphite nanopores using MD and GCMC simulations, and (iii) comparison of the adsorption behavior in kerogen and graphite nanopores using MD simulations. The result was reliable when using a particle‐mesh Ewald scheme or a cut‐off ≥1.5 nm without dispersion correction. The simulation results were essentially identical for the MD and GCMC simulations. The free‐gas CH4 density inside the nanopores started to deviate from the bulk density at ~2 nm for the graphite model and at ~7–10 nm for the kerogen model, whereas the total CH4 density deviates from the bulk density at ~20 nm.
Machine‐learning‐based predictive control of nonlinear processes. Part II: Computational implementation
Authors: Wu Zhe , Tran Anh , Rincon David , Christofides Panagiotis D.
Published: July 2019

Machine learning is receiving more attention in classical engineering fields, and in particular, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) coupled with ensemble regression tools have demonstrated the capability of modeling nonlinear dynamic processes. In Part I of this two‐article series, the Lyapunov‐based model predictive control (LMPC) method using a single RNN model and an ensemble of RNN models, respectively, was rigorously developed for a general class of nonlinear systems. In the present article, computational implementation issues of this new control method ranging from training of the RNN models, ensemble regression of the RNN models, and parallel computation for accelerating the real‐time model calculations are addressed. Furthermore, a chemical reactor example is used to demonstrate the implementation and effectiveness of these machine‐learning tools in LMPC as well as compare them with standard state‐space model identification tools.
Microwave‐Assisted Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed C−H/N−O Activation of N‐Methoxybenzamides with Alkynylsulfane
Authors: Sarathkumar Sundaramoorthi , Kavala Veerababurao , Yao Ching‐Fa
Published: July 2019

An annulation of phenyl(phenylethynyl)sulfane and N‐methoxybenzamides through ruthenium C−H/N−O activation is reported. A wide variety of 4‐aryl‐3‐(aryl/alkylthio)isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐one derivatives are obtained in moderate to good yields.
Cesium carbonate‐catalyzed indium insertion into alkyl iodides and their synthetic utilities in cross‐coupling reactions
Authors: Feng Xue‐Xin , Wu Zhen , Wang Qing‐Dong , Chen Bing‐Zhi , Rao Weidong , Yang Jin‐Ming , Shen Zhi‐Liang
Published: July 2019

A catalytic amount of cesium carbonate (10 mol%) was found to be capable of effectively catalyzing the insertion of indium powder into alkyl iodides. The thus‐generated alkyl indium reagents could readily undergo palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions with a wide variety of aryl halides, showing compatibility to a range of important functional groups.
Effect of anaerobic pretreatment on vinegar residue for enhancement of syngas and phenols derived from pyrolysis
Authors: Liu Peng , Wang Yue , Zhou Zhengzhong , Yuan Haoran , Zheng Tao
Published: July 2019

Anaerobic digestion (AD) was applied as the pretreatment method to enhance the pyrolysis effect of vinegar residue (VR) in this study. Pyrolysis experiments were carried out in a fixed bed reactor. The functional groups of VR and AD‐treated VR (AVR) were quantitatively determined by Fourier‐transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) using curve‐fitting method, prior to the in situ pyrolysis analysis using a thermogravimeter–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (TG‐GC‐MS). The results show that AD was enhancing syngas and phenols to promote the pyrolysis effect of VR. AD process decomposed the hemicelluloses in VR, as indicated by the peak area decrease from 6.21% to 1.88% at 985 cm−1 assigned to glycosidic linkage in hemicellulose. The initial pyrolysis temperature (Ti) increased from 272°C to 300°C after AD, whereas the maximum weight loss rate temperature (Tm) decreased from 359°C to 349°C due to the ether linkage area percentage assigned in 1,035 cm−1 from cellulose increasing from 10.34% to 22.37% in AVR. The terminal pyrolysis temperature of AVR is lower than that of VR due to increment of lignin content and aromatic structure in AVR. The gas yield increases from 35.93% to 43.14% from AVR pyrolysis, and tar yield decreases by 24%. The formation of CO during pyrolysis was accelerated, whereas the hydrogen gas production increased significantly during pyrolysis after AD. The lignin‐derived phenols in tar increase from 20.67% to 42.16%, which is consistent with the analysis of TG‐GC‐MS.
High Prevalence and Disease Correlation of Autoantibodies Against p40 Encoded by Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Carter Victoria , LaCava John , Taylor Martin S. , Liang Shu Ying , Mustelin Cecilia , Ukadike Kennedy C. , Bengtsson Anders , Lood Christian , Mustelin Tomas
Published: July 2019

Objective

Long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE‐1) encodes 2 proteins, the RNA binding protein p40 and endonuclease and reverse transcriptase (open‐reading frame 2p [ORF2p]), which are both required for LINE‐1 to retrotranspose. In cells expressing LINE‐1, these proteins assemble with LINE‐1 RNA and additional RNA binding proteins, some of which are well‐known autoantigens in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study was undertaken to investigate whether SLE patients also produce autoantibodies against LINE‐1 p40.

Methods

Highly purified p40 protein was used to quantitate IgG autoantibodies in serum from 172 SLE patients and from disease controls and age‐matched healthy subjects by immunoblotting and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Preparations of p40 that also contained associated proteins were analyzed by immunoblotting with patient sera.

Results

Antibodies reactive with p40 were detected in the majority of patients and many healthy controls. Their levels were higher in patients with SLE, but not those with systemic sclerosis, compared to healthy subjects (P = 0.01). Anti‐p40 reactivity was higher in patients during a flare than in patients with disease in remission (P = 0.03); correlated with the SLE Disease Activity Index score (P = 0.0002), type I interferon score (P = 0.006), decrease in complement C3 level (P = 0.0001), the presence of anti‐DNA antibodies (P < 0.0001) and anti‐C1q antibodies (P = 0.004), and current or past history of nephritis (P = 0.02 and P = 0.003, respectively); and correlated inversely with age (r = −0.49, P < 0.0001). SLE patient sera also reacted with p40‐associated proteins.

Conclusion

Autoantibodies reacting with LINE‐1 p40 characterize a population of SLE patients with severe and active disease. These autoantibodies may represent an early immune response against LINE‐1 p40 that does not yet by itself imply clinically significant autoimmunity, but may represent an early, and still reversible, step toward SLE pathogenesis.
Robust Mittag‐Leffler stabilisation of fractional‐order systems
Authors: Muñoz‐Vázquez Aldo Jonathan , Parra‐Vega Vicente , Sánchez‐Orta Anand , Martínez‐Reyes Fernando
Published: July 2019

Dynamic models approximate physical phenomena to certain extent and ideal controllers are proposed. Nevertheless, when system specifications crave for better performance, additional robust controllers are considered. In this sense, a robust controller is proposed in this paper, which accounts for a general class of fractional‐order systems, in order to compensate for matched and mismatched disturbances. The Mittag‐Leffler stability of the solution of the closed‐loop system is demonstrated for a class of fractional‐order systems subject to non‐smooth effects and control feedback. Numerical simulations are conducted to highlight the reliability of the proposed scheme.
The role of epigenetic changes in preeclampsia
Authors: Kamrani Amin , Alipourfard Iraj , Ahmadi‐Khiavi Homayoon , Yousefi Mehdi , Rostamzadeh Davood , Izadi Morteza , Ahmadi Majid
Published: July 2019

Preeclampsia (PE) is a disorder affecting 2–10% of pregnancies and has a major role for perinatal and maternal mortality and morbidity. PE can be occurred by initiation of new hypertension combined with proteinuria after 20 weeks gestation, as well as various reasons such as inflammatory cytokines, poor trophoblast invasion can be related with PE disease. Environmental factors can cause epigenetic changes including DNA methylation, microRNAs (miRNAs), and histone modification that may be related to different diseases such as PE. Abnormal DNA methylation during placentation is the most important epigenetic factor correlated with PE. Moreover, changes in histone modification like acetylation and also the effect of overregulation or low regulation of miRNAs or long noncoding RNAs on variety signaling pathways can be resulted in PE. The aim of this review is to describe of studies about epigenetic changes in PE and its therapeutic strategies.
Mitochondrial targets of metformin—Are they physiologically relevant?
Authors: Pecinová Alena , Brázdová Andrea , Drahota Zdeněk , Houštěk Josef , Mráček Tomáš
Published: July 2019

Metformin is the most widely prescribed treatment of hyperglycemia and type II diabetes since 1970s. During the last 15 years, its popularity increased due to epidemiological evidence, that metformin administration reduces incidence of cancer. However, despite the ongoing effort of many researchers, the molecular mechanisms underlying antihyperglycemic or antineoplastic action of metformin remain elusive. Most frequently, metformin is associated with modulation of mitochondrial metabolism leading to lowering of blood glucose or activation of antitumorigenic pathways. Here we review the reported effects of metformin on mitochondrial metabolism and their potential relevance as effective molecular targets with beneficial therapeutic outcome.
Development and validation of a simple method for the extraction and quantification of crisaborole in skin layers
Authors: Demurtas Anna , Pescina Silvia , Nicoli Sara , Santi Patrizia , Padula Cristina
Published: July 2019

Crisaborole is a boron compound recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as a 2% ointment for the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis. This work describes a simple method for the quantification of the drug in the skin layers at the end of in‐vitro permeation experiments. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a reverse‐phase C18 column using a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid 0.05%–acetonitrile (55:45, v/v) as mobile phase, pumped at 1 ml/min. Column temperature was 35°C and UV detection was performed at 250 nm. The method was linear in the range of concentration from 0.06 to 6 μg/ml (R2 = 1) and was selective, precise and accurate. Depending on the solvent used, the LOQ ranged from 0.014 to 0.030 μg/ml and the LOD from 0.005 to 0.010 μg/ml. The extraction from all the skin layers was quantitative. The developed method was successfully tested in an in‐vitro permeation study, proving to be an effective tool in the development of new formulations containing crisaborole.
Barriers and facilitators affecting the sustainability of dialectical behaviour therapy programmes: A qualitative study of clinician perspectives
Authors: Popowich Alexandra D. , Mushquash Aislin R. , Pearson Erin , Schmidt Fred , Mushquash Christopher J.
Published: July 2019

Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) is a psychological treatment developed for individuals experiencing chronic suicidality and high‐risk behaviours. Despite the substantial evidence supporting the effectiveness of DBT, many programmes have problems with its sustainability. The goals of the current qualitative study were to identify factors that impact the sustainability of DBT programmes within a publicly funded mental health system and identify factors that are particularly relevant for youth DBT programmes. Interviews with trained adult and youth DBT clinicians (N = 31) were conducted to explore their experiences providing DBT. Three major themes that emerged as barriers to the sustainability of DBT programmes included the following: systemic challenges, conflicts within the consultation teams and clinician burnout. Factors influencing the success of DBT programmes included the following: systemic support, clinician commitment and “buy in”, and team cohesion. Factors specific to providing DBT with youth (i.e. level of commitment, simplifying the language, and parental investment) and recommendations for sustainability for adults and youth programmes were also identified. Findings of this study provide valuable information on factors impacting DBT programmes within the unique context of a Canadian mental health service system, where community‐based services are publicly funded. These findings have clear clinical utility and can be used to generate solutions to clinicians' perceived barriers and to foster perceived facilitators within similar contexts.
IGSF1: A novel oncogene regulates the thyroid cancer progression
Authors: Guan Yaoyao , Wang Yinghao , Bhandari Adheesh , Xia Erjie , Wang Ouchen
Published: July 2019

Thyroid cancer has been continuously increasing and extraordinarily prevalent worldwide. The genetic diagnosis has been widely used in fine needle aspiration. IGSF1, an immunoglobulin superfamily member 1, has been shown to be associated with the regulation of thyroid hormone. But the function of IGSF1 in thyroid cancer has not been explored yet. In this article, we will illuminate the correlation between IGSF1 expression and thyroid cancer. We analysed the level of IGSF1 expression in 55 pairs of tissue samples by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data portal. After that, we transfected small interfering RNA to silence IGSF1 in thyroid cancer cell lines (KTC‐1 and BCPAP) and confirmed the function of IGSF1 by performed colony formation, migration, invasion, cell counting kit‐8, and apoptosis assays. IGSF1 was upregulated in thyroid cancer tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissues (t = 5.783, df = 54; P < .0001) and TCGA (T: N = 65.91 ± 3.998, n = 501: 2.824 ± 0.273, n = 58; P < .0001). In thyroid cell lines, experiments showed that downregulated IGSF1 inhibited proliferation, metastasis, and promoted cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, inhibited IGSF1 expression could downregulate N‐cadherin, vimentin, and EZH2, which is associated with metastasis. Thyroid cancer cells IGSF1 expression levels are a correlation with its ability to growth, metastasis, and apoptosis.
Effective separation of aromatic hydrocarbons by pyridine‐based deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Feng Shanhua , Sun Jianjun , Ren Zhongqi , Zhou Zhiyong , Zhang Fan , Liu Wei
Published: July 2019

Many promising qualities of deep‐eutectic solvents made them suitable solvents in separation process. In this work, the pyridine‐based deep eutectic solvents were designed and synthesized with N‐ethylpyridinium bromide and two HBDs (N‐formyl morpholine and levulinic acid). Two ternary systems, benzene + cyclohexane + DES and toluene + n‐heptane + DES, were studied by the liquid‐liquid extraction. The effect of different HBDs, extraction time, volume ratio of DES to system solution, and the initial concentration of aromatic were studied. The DES with N‐formyl morpholine showed better separation performance than that with levulinic acid. The liquid‐liquid extraction equilibrium could be obtained in 10 minutes. The volume ratio of DES to system solution was set as 1:1. Both DESs showed their best separation performance at low temperatures (20°C) and low aromatic concentration system. For the benzene + cyclohexane system, the distribution coefficient of benzene was 1.733 and the selectivity was 23.8 at 20°C. For the toluene + n‐heptane system, the distribution coefficient of toluene was 0.853 and the selectivity was 40.7. Tie‐lines for two ternary systems were obtained, and the Othmer‐Tobias correlation was used to check the reliability of the obtained liquid‐liquid extraction experimental data. The experimental LLE data were correlated using the NRTL model and the calculated data correlated significantly with the experimental data.
Inhibitory neuronal changes following a mixed diffuse‐focal model of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Carron Simone F. , Sun Mujun , Shultz Sandy R. , Rajan Ramesh
Published: July 2019

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can result in excitation: inhibition imbalance, as well as a range of chronic neurological deficits. However, how TBI affects different interneurons, and how this relates to behavioral abnormalities, remains poorly understood. This study examined the effects of a mixed diffuse‐focal model of TBI, the lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI), on interneurons, 8 weeks post‐TBI in rats. Brains were labeled with antibodies against calbindin, parvalbumin, calretinin, neuropeptide Y, and somatostatin, and the number of interneurons were assessed in the cortex and hippocampus following LFPI. LFPI caused a reduction in the numbers of interneurons mediating both perisomatic and dendritic inhibition in the somatosensory cortex. In hippocampus, there were heterogenous changes in the number of interneurons while motor cortex, showed no obvious loss in any of the subsets of interneurons after TBI. In parallel to the investigations of changes in the number of interneurons, we also investigated the long‐term behavioral consequences of LFPI. Behaviorally, rats given an LFPI displayed transient reduction in performance in motor tasks and were significantly impaired in reversal learning in the water maze task post‐TBI. We also report here progressive neurodegeneration in cortex and hippocampus indicated by Fluoro‐Jade C in the different brain areas examined after injury. Our findings suggest differential vulnerability of inhibitory neurons to LFPI in the different brain areas examined after injury. These data will aid in evaluation of new treatments for TBI and help target specific neuronal subtypes as a function of injury time and type.
Photoperiod‐induced neurotransmitter plasticity declines with aging: An epigenetic regulation?
Authors: Pritchard Rory , Chen Helene , Romoli Ben , Spitzer Nicholas C. , Dulcis Davide
Published: July 2019

Neuroplasticity has classically been understood to arise through changes in synaptic strength or synaptic connectivity. A newly discovered form of neuroplasticity, neurotransmitter switching, involves changes in neurotransmitter identity. Chronic exposure to different photoperiods alters the number of dopamine (tyrosine hydroxylase, TH+) and somatostatin (SST+) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PaVN) of the hypothalamus of adult rats and results in discrete behavioral changes. Here, we investigate whether photoperiod‐induced neurotransmitter switching persists during aging and whether epigenetic mechanisms of histone acetylation and DNA methylation may contribute to this neurotransmitter plasticity. We show that this plasticity in rats is robust at 1 and at 3 months but reduced in TH+ neurons at 12 months and completely abolished in both TH+ and SST+ neurons by 18 months. De novo expression of DNMT3a catalyzing DNA methylation and anti‐AcetylH3 assessing histone 3 acetylation were observed following short‐day photoperiod exposure in both TH+ and SST+ neurons at 1 and 3 months while an overall increase in DNMT3a in SST+ neurons paralleled neuroplasticity reduction at 12 and 18 months. Histone acetylation increased in TH+ neurons and decreased in SST+ neurons following short‐day exposure at 3 months while the total number of anti‐AcetylH3+ PaVN neurons remained constant. Reciprocal histone acetylation in TH+ and SST+ neurons indicates the importance of studying epigenetic regulation at the circuit level for identified cell phenotypes. The findings may be useful for developing approaches for noninvasive treatment of disorders characterized by neurotransmitter dysfunction.
An exploration of resilience in adolescents facing maternal cancer
Authors: Rodríguez Leonor
Published: July 2019

Background

Research findings on the impact of parental cancer on adolescents are inconsistent, some studies identifying negative psychosocial impact but others identifying positive impact; however, there is not enough understanding on the underlying factors that may lead to differences in outcomes. Research has found that resilience has a role in adolescents' adaptation to maternal cancer; however, the nature of this requires further exploration.

Aims

This analysis will help understand resilience in adolescents that experience maternal cancer by exploring the nature of resilience and the individual, family, and environmental risk and protective factors that determine resilience in adolescent lived experiences of maternal cancer that enable positive outcomes.

Methods

This study is part of a larger investigation focused on understanding adolescent adjustment to maternal cancer and the psychosocial factors that promote adjustment. Original adolescent interview transcripts (n = 15) were subject to a secondary thematic analysis.

Results

The analysis yielded four themes: the first theme, The Journey of Maternal Cancer, describes adolescent experiences of maternal cancer over time; the second theme is a detailed description of adolescent Protective Factors and how these supported the adolescents; the third theme describes the Risk Factors that adolescents faced; and the fourth theme summarizes the Positive Outcomes that adolescents self‐identified.

Conclusion

This study found resilience as dynamic, as it changes over time. These changes are a result of the course of maternal illness and its treatment over time. Adolescents can adapt to change, but this capacity is shaped by protective factors and risk factors as well as challenges that are unique to having a mother diagnosed with cancer. Most adolescents managed to navigate successfully and identified positive outcomes from a difficult and life‐changing experience. The study suggests the need to provide long‐term supports for adolescents and carry out longitudinal research to further understand the trajectories of resilience in adolescents who experience maternal cancer.
Temporal‐aware and sparsity‐tolerant hybrid collaborative recommendation method with privacy preservation
Authors: Meng Shunmei , Li Qianmu , Zhang Jing , Lin Wenmin , Dou Wanchun
Published: July 2019

With the explosive growth of cloud services, how to design effective recommendation models has become more and more important. Temporal information has been proved to be an important factor affecting recommendation performance. Actually, both of user behaviors and QoS performance of services are time‐sensitive, especially in dynamic cloud environment. However, most existing collaborative recommendation methods seldom consider temporal influence to QoS performance. Furthermore, with the ever‐increasing number of security threats in clouds, privacy preservation becomes an important problem to be addressed in recommender systems. Based on these observations, in this paper, we propose a temporal‐aware and sparsity‐tolerant hybrid collaborative recommendation method with privacy preservation, where tensor factorization‐based CF model is integrated into neighborhood‐based CF model to achieve improved recommendation performance. Specifically, temporal influence is considered into recommendation model by distinguishing short‐term QoS metrics from long‐term QoS metrics. A privacy‐aware time aggregation mechanism is adopted to preserve the sensitive time information of users. Moreover, to deal with the sparsity problem, a sparsity‐oriented data QoS rating prediction mechanism based on tensor factorization technique is applied to predict the missing or unrated QoS rating data. Finally, predictions are made based on both stable and temporal nearest neighbors. Experiments are conducted to demonstrate the prediction performance of our proposal.
What drives social responsibility indices returns? Macroeconomics matters
Authors: Liao Li‐Kai , Fan Yu‐Wei , Shih Ming‐Hsin
Published: July 2019

This study investigates the responsiveness of a social responsibility index's returns to cash flow news compared with a broad stock index. The study contributes by comprising the synergy of corporate social responsibility to reflect the influence of the macroeconomy and by increasing model appropriateness. The empirical results show that cash flow news is the primary factor to drive both index returns, but the effect is stronger for the S&P 500 Index. Consistently, the investors of the S&P 500 Index react to cash flow news appropriately. Before adding the macroeconomic state variable, cash flow news under explains FTSE4Good US 100 Index returns, but investors overreact to that information. After adjusting, the explanation power of cash flow news increases, and its investors rather underreact to that information.
A new design strategy for DC/DC LLC resonant converter: Concept, modeling, and fabrication
Authors: Khosrogorji Soheil , Soori Sepehr , Torkaman Hossein
Published: July 2019

In this paper, a new design procedure for LLC converter has been introduced. In fact, this method is a computer‐based design algorithm based on a numerical technique. In the process of designing, the value of the resonant element is obtained by solving the LLC converter fundamental equation. This converter will be controlled by using state feedback, such as output voltage variable. As a matter of fact, in a control system, the change of output voltage (because of load variation) will affect the switching frequency, so the output voltage will be tuned. In the designing process, the fundamental equations of LLC converter are obtained, and the value of the resonant elements is calculated. Also, a comparison analysis is carried out between the proposed and typical methods. The simulation is done to investigate the validity of the proposed method. Moreover, a prototype is manufactured, and the experimental test is done to evaluate its applicability.
Markov modeling of discrete fading channels using birth‐death channels
Authors: Moreira Igor , Pimentel Cecilio
Published: July 2019

Finite‐state Markov channels (FSMCs) are widely employed to model the memory of time‐correlated discrete fading channels (DFCs). This work proposes a special class of FSMCs, denoted birth‐death channels (BDCs), to model the statistical behavior of the DFC. The number of states that generates accurate BDCs is estimated for a broad range of fading environments. Next, we evaluate the performance of error‐correcting codes over the BDC. A statistic of interest for this analysis is the P(m,n), the probability the channel generates up to m errors in a block of length n. It also proposed a combinatorial method to evaluate the probability P(m,n) for the BDC. The study of the statistical description of this channels has applications in modeling real channels and in designing coded systems for channels with memory.
A distributed Newton algorithm for network utility maximization in wireless ad hoc networks
Authors: Pan Lian , Wang Hanwu , Jia Weijia
Published: July 2019

The existing distributed Newton algorithm for network utility maximization cannot be directly applied into the wireless ad hoc networks, as it does not consider the wireless link capacity variation and transmission power consumption. Regarding these, a new joint network utility maximization problem is formulated to optimize the wireless ad hoc network resource utility. The distributed Newton algorithm is implemented to solve for the dual variables and Newton directions by using the local information at each session source and link, respectively. Furthermore, a new iterative method is proposed to improve the convergence rate of the existing matrix‐splitting method. Simulation results validate the efficiency and efficacy of the proposed distributed Newton algorithm for wireless ad hoc network utility maximization.
Performance enhancement of traffic information gathering (PEnTInG) algorithm for vehicular ad‐hoc networks
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Kumar Dilip , Kumar Dinesh
Published: July 2019

Vehicular ad‐hoc networks (VANETs) play a vital role in today's context of vehicular traffic. In this paper, clusters of vehicles are created on the basis of average speed of the vehicles. One cluster communicates with the next cluster through a cluster head and also share the same information with next cluster heads and installed road side units (RSUs). By using this technique, we can solve the problem of rough driving behavior and road terrorism which is due to speed variation of vehicles and fake information dissemination by the drivers. Many a times, drivers may spread fake accident‐related information into the network which is a serious cause of concern in VANETs. It is ensured that such drivers are not allowed to spread wrong information in the network to avoid accidents. To solve this problem, we developed performance enhancement of traffic information gathering (PEnTInG) algorithm that selects only those drivers/vehicles as cluster heads in a cluster who has maximum value of the cluster head factor (CHF). The CHF is derived by considering different weights in range of 0 to 1 of relative average speed, time to leave, trust factor, and neighborhood degree. Further, the elected cluster head shares and stores the same information with the RSUs. In case, a driver wants to disseminate fake or wrong information in a network, then that vehicle driver can be easily tracked by the local authority by accessing RSU data. Simulation results show that the stability of PEnTInG is increased by 25% against the existing schemes viz. lowest‐ID, MCMF, and cluster‐based technique.
Mammary mesenchymal and fibroepithelial lesions: An illustrated cytomorphologic update with differential diagnoses
Authors: Khattab Ruba A. , Rowe J. Jordi , Booth Christine N. , Sneige Nour , Fong Nancy , Pantanowitz Liron , Oshilaja Olaronke , Brainard Jennifer A. , Downs‐Kelly Erinn P. , Dawson Andrea , Sturgis Charles D.
Published: July 2019

The Uniform Approach to Breast Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy was put forward by a learned group of breast physicians in 1997. This landmark manuscript focused predominantly on diagnosis and reporting of mammary epithelial lesions. Today, most American practitioners turn initially to core biopsy rather than aspiration biopsy for the first line diagnosis of solid breast lesions; however, recent efforts from the International Academy of Cytology have produced a system called the Standardized Reporting of Breast Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy Cytology (colloquially labeled in 2017 as the “Yokohama System”), suggesting a new interest in breast fine needle aspiration (FNA), especially in resource limited settings or clinical practice settings with experienced breast cytopathologists. Fibroepithelial lesions of the breast comprise a heterogeneous group of biphasic tumors with epithelial and stromal elements. Mesenchymal lesions of the breast include a variety of neoplasms of fibroblastic, myofibroblastic, endothelial, neural, adipocytic, muscular, and osteo‐cartilaginous derivations. The cytology of mesenchymal breast lesions is infrequently described in the literature and is mainly limited to case reports and small series. This illustrated review highlights the cytologic features of fibroepithelial and mesenchymal mammary proliferations and discusses differential diagnoses and histomorphologic correlates.
An Evaluation of the BEEHAVE Model Using Honey Bee Field Study Data: Insights and Recommendations
Authors: Agatz Annika , Kuhl Roland , Miles Mark , Schad Thorsten , Preuss Thomas G.
Published: July 2019

A lack of standard and internationally agreed procedures for higher-tier risk assessment of plant protection products for bees makes coherent availability of data, their interpretation, and their use for risk assessment challenging. Focus has been given to the development of modeling approaches, which in the future could fill this gap. The BEEHAVE model, and its submodels, is the first model framework attempting to link 2 processes vital for the assessment of bee colonies: the within-hive dynamics for honey bee colonies and bee foraging in heterogeneous and dynamic landscapes. We use empirical data from a honey bee field study to conduct a model evaluation using the control data set. Simultaneously, we are testing several model setups for the interlinkage between the within-hive dynamics and the landscape foraging module. Overall, predictions of beehive dynamics fit observations made in the field. This result underpins the European Food Safety Authority's evaluation of the BEEHAVE model that the most important in-hive dynamics are represented and correctly implemented. We show that starting conditions of a colony drive the simulated colony dynamics almost entirely within the first few weeks, whereas the impact is increasingly substituted by the impact of foraging activity. Common among field studies is that data availability for hive observations and landscape characterizations is focused on the proportionally short exposure phase (i.e., the phase where colony starting conditions drive the colony dynamics) in comparison to the postexposure phase that lasts several months. It is vital to redistribute experimental efforts toward more equal data aquisition throughout the experiment to assess the suitability of using BEEHAVE for the prediction of bee colony overwintering survival. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2535–2545. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC

Abstract
Label‐free grading and staging of urothelial carcinoma through multimodal fibre‐probe spectroscopy
Authors: Baria Enrico , Morselli Simone , Anand Suresh , Fantechi Riccardo , Nesi Gabriella , Gacci Mauro , Carini Marco , Serni Sergio , Cicchi Riccardo , Pavone Francesco S.
Published: July 2019

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common bladder tumour. Proper treatment requires tumour resection for diagnosing its grade (aggressiveness) and stage (invasiveness). White‐light cystoscopy and histopathological examination are the gold standard procedures for clinical and histopathological diagnostics, respectively. However, cystoscopy is limited in terms of specificity, histology requires long tissue processing, both procedures rely on operator's experience. Multimodal optical spectroscopy can provide a powerful tool for detecting, staging and grading bladder tumours in a fast, reliable and label‐free modality. In this study, we collected fluorescence, Raman and reflectance spectra from 50 biopsies obtained from 32 patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumour using a multimodal fibre‐probe. Principal component analysis allowed distinguishing normal from pathological tissues, as well as discriminating tumour stages and grades. Each individual spectroscopic technique provided high specificity and sensitivity in classifying all tissues; however, a multimodal approach resulted in a considerable increase in diagnostic accuracy (≥95%), which is of paramount importance for tumour grading and staging. The presented method offers the potential for being applied in cystoscopy and for providing an automated diagnosis of UC at the clinical level, with an improvement with respect to current state‐of‐the‐art procedures.
Force‐field parametrization based on radial and energy distribution functions
Authors: Chiba Shuntaro , Okuno Yasushi , Honma Teruki , Ikeguchi Mitsunori
Published: July 2019

We propose a novel force‐field‐parametrization procedure that fits the parameters of potential functions in a manner that the pair distribution function (DF) of molecules derived from candidate parameters can reproduce the given target DF. Conventionally, approaches to minimize the difference between the candidate and target DFs employ radial DFs (RDF). RDF itself has been reported to be insufficient for uniquely identifying the parameters of a molecule. To overcome the weakness, we introduce energy DF (EDF) as a target DF, which describes the distribution of the pairwise energy of molecules. We found that the EDF responds more sensitively to a small perturbation in the pairwise potential parameters and provides better fitting accuracy compared to that of RDF. These findings provide valuable insights into a wide range of coarse graining methods, which determine parameters using information obtained from a higher‐level calculation than that of the developed force field. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Computational Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A prospective examination of mask anxiety during radiotherapy for head and neck cancer and patient perceptions of management strategies
Authors: Nixon Jodie L. , Brown Bena , Pigott Amanda E. , Turner Jane , Brown Elizabeth , Bernard Anne , Wall Laurelie R. , Ward Elizabeth C. , Porceddu Sandro V.
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Distress related to wearing an immobilisation mask for radiotherapy treatment (RT) is a common experience for the person undergoing RT for head and neck cancer (HNC). Described as ‘mask anxiety’, there is little known about the patterns of this distress through the course of the treatment or what strategies are being used by people to help alleviate mask anxiety.

Methods

The study used a prospective cohort design to examine the patterns of patient–reported mask anxiety during the course of RT, using a modified Distress Thermometer (DT) and a survey to explore strategies patients used to assist their mask anxiety.

Results

Thirty‐five participants, who identified as experiencing mask anxiety, were followed throughout RT treatment. At baseline, females were more likely to experience higher mask anxiety (P = 0.03). Across the course of treatment, mask anxiety significantly (P < 0.001) reduced within the total cohort. In 72% of participants, the level of initial distress was found to reduce over time. Only 22% experienced mask anxiety that remained constant. Few (6%) experienced an increase in mask anxiety across the course of RT. Participants reported relying on intervention from health professionals, self–taught strategies, music, visualisation and medication to manage their mask anxiety.

Conclusions

Due to its high prevalence and variable patterns over time, it is recommended that routine screening for mask anxiety be implemented as standard care throughout the course of RT for HNC. Multiple, diverse strategies are being used by patients and studies are needed to develop effective interventions for managing mask anxiety.