bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pretreatment and conversion of lignocellulose biomass into valuable chemicals
Authors: Putro Jindrayani Nyoo , Soetaredjo Felycia Edi , Lin Shi-Yow , Ju Yi-Hsu , Ismadji Suryadi
Published: May 2016

Lignocellulose biomass can be utilized in many sectors of industry such as energy, chemical, and transportation. However, pretreatment is needed to break down the intricate bonding before converting it into wanted product.
One-pot rota-crystallized hollownest-structured Ti–zeolite: a calcination-free and recyclable catalytic material
Authors: Zhou Dan , Zhang Tianjun , Xia Qinghua , Zhao Yarong , Lv Kexin , Lu Xinhuan , Nie Renfeng
Published: May 2016

A hydrothermal rota-crystallization method is developed for the one-step synthesis of a hollownest-structured zeolite precursor with the shell composed of autogenously-intergrown MWW nanosheet crystals containing a large number of stacking-pores without any porogen or hard scaffold.
Click chemistry-assisted, bis-cholesteryl-appended, isosorbide-based, dual-responsive organogelators and their self-assemblies
Authors: Balamurugan R. , Zhang Y.-S. , Fitriyani S. , Liu J.-H.
Published: May 2016

The aggregation of bis-cholesteryl-appended, isosorbide derivatives (BCIE, BCIC2 and BCIC4) in solvents and their response to external stimuli (temperature, pH and metal cations) were explored. By using the BCIE gels as stabilizers, gel-emulsions were created in styrene–water mixtures.
Hybridizing CH3NH3PbBr3 microwires and tapered fibers for efficient light collection
Authors: Gu Zhiyuan , Sun Wenzhao , Wang Kaiyang , Zhang Nan , Zhang Chen , Lyu Quan , Li Jiankai , Xiao Shumin , Song Qinghai
Published: May 2016

A hybrid structure composed of CH3NH3PbBr3 microwires and tapered fibers exhibits highly efficient light collection.
Skeletal Au prepared from Au–Zr amorphous alloys with controlled atomic compositions and arrangement for active oxidation of benzyl alcohol
Authors: Nozaki Ai , Tanihara Yasutomo , Kuwahara Yasutaka , Ohmichi Tetsutaro , Mori Kohsuke , Nagase Takeshi , Yasuda Hiroyuki Y. , Calers Christophe , Louis Catherine , Yamashita Hiromi
Published: May 2016

Residual ZrO2 in skeletal Au prepared from Au–Zr amorphous alloys contributed to an enhancement of the catalytic activity.
Dandelion-shaped TiO2/multi-layer graphene composed of TiO2(B) fibrils and anatase TiO2 pappi utilizing triphase boundaries for lithium storage
Authors: Song Weixin , Chen Jun , Ji Xiaobo , Zhang Xuemei , Xie Fang , Riley D. Jason
Published: May 2016

A dandelion-shaped TiO2/few layer graphene composite presents ultrahigh electrochemical properties for Li storage due to the graphene boundary-involved triphase interfacial storage mechanism.
New generation perovskite solar cells with solution-processed amino-substituted perylene diimide derivative as electron-transport layer
Authors: Zhang Hua , Xue Lingwei , Han Junbo , Fu Yong Qing , Shen Yan , Zhang Zhiguo , Li Yongfang , Wang Mingkui
Published: May 2016

In this study, for the first time, we introduced amino-substituted perylene diimide derivative (N-PDI) as an alternative electron transport layer (ETL) to replace the commonly used TiO2 in planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells.
Mechanical stimuli responsive and highly elastic biopolymer/nanoparticle hybrid microcapsules for controlled release
Authors: Rajamanickam Raja , Baek Siyeon , Gwon Kihak , Hwang Youngmin , Shin Kwanwoo , Tae Giyoong
Published: May 2016

Hybrid hollow capsules crosslinked at freezing temperatures that recover elastically after large, repetitive deformations as mechanical stimuli-responsive drug delivery vehicles.
Inkjet printing based assembly of thermoresponsive core–shell polymer microcapsules for controlled drug release
Authors: Yang Jianmin , Katagiri Daisuke , Mao Sifeng , Zeng Hulie , Nakajima Hizuru , Kato Shungo , Uchiyama Katsumi
Published: May 2016

A thermoresponsive polymer microcapsule with a hollow core–porous shell structure was fabricated based on inkjet printing, which can be used to control drug release by changing the temperature at around 38 °C.
The structure, chemistry and magnetic properties of FePbBiO4
Authors: de Laune Benjamin P. , Berry Frank J. , Marco Jose F. , Horswell Sarah L. , Greaves Colin
Published: May 2016

The compound FePbBiO4 has been synthesised and has a tetragonal structure (P42/mbc, a = 8.48924(9) Å, c = 6.10597(8) Å) that is closely related to FeSb2O4.
Transcription factors YY1, Sp1 and Sp3 modulate dystrophin Dp71 gene expression in hepatic cells
Authors: Peñuelas-Urquides Katia , Becerril-Esquivel Carolina , Mendoza-de-León Laura C. , Silva-Ramírez Beatriz , Dávila-Velderrain José , Cisneros Bulmaro , de León Mario Bermúdez
Published: May 2016

Dystrophin Dp71, the smallest product encoded by the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene, is ubiquitously expressed in all non-muscle cells. Although Dp71 is involved in various cellular processes, the mechanisms underlying its expression have been little studied. In hepatic cells, Dp71 expression is down-regulated by the xenobiotic β-naphthoflavone. However, the effectors of this regulation remain unknown. In the present study we aimed at identifying DNA elements and transcription factors involved in Dp71 expression in hepatic cells. Relevant DNA elements on the Dp71 promoter were identified by comparing Dp71 5′-end flanking regions between species. The functionality of these elements was demonstrated by site-directed mutagenesis. Using EMSAs and ChIP, we showed that the Sp1 (specificity protein 1), Sp3 (specificity protein 3) and YY1 (Yin and Yang 1) transcription factors bind to the Dp71 promoter region. Knockdown of Sp1, Sp3 and YY1 in hepatic cells increased endogenous Dp71 expression, but reduced Dp71 promoter activity. In summary, Dp71 expression in hepatic cells is carried out, in part, by YY1-, Sp1- and Sp3-mediated transcription from the Dp71 promoter.
Clinical and Quality of Life Outcomes of Speech Treatment for Parkinson's Disease Delivered to the Home Via Telerehabilitation: A Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Theodoros Deborah G. , Hill Anne J. , Russell Trevor G.
Published: May 2016

Purpose

This study investigated the noninferiority and validity of an intensive speech treatment for people with Parkinson's disease (PD) delivered via telerehabilitation to the home. The effect of location on online delivery was also investigated.

Method

In this single-blinded, randomized controlled noninferiority trial, 31 participants with dysarthria associated with PD from a metropolitan area were randomly assigned to either face-to-face or online Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT LOUD). A cohort of 21 participants from nonmetropolitan areas was also recruited and treated online. Outcomes were assessed using acoustic, perceptual, and quality of life measures.

Results

Noninferiority of online treatment was confirmed through comparable clinical and quality of life outcomes for the metropolitan online and face-to-face treatment groups. Significant improvements posttreatment were achieved for several acoustic, perceptual, and quality of life measures across the groups. No significant effect of online treatment location was identified.

Conclusions

Clinical and quality of life outcomes supported the noninferiority and validity of online delivery of intensive speech treatment to people with PD in the home. Future research should address the implementation of online treatment in a clinical service, cost analyses, and potentially technology-enabled clinical pathways for people with PD in order to maintain optimal communication and quality of life.
MicroRNA biosensing through spectral interferometry‐based surface plasmon resonance using telecommunication wavelength
Authors: Hsu S.‐H. , Lin C.‐Y. , Tuan C.‐T. , Chang C.‐C.
Published: May 2016

The polarisation maintaining (PM) fibre constructed the spectral interferometry‐based surface plasmon resonance to detect the very small molecule micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) with a big biological impact on cancer diagnosis. Other than the linear polariser and birefringence crystal in the input of the traditional spectral interferometry, the polarisation controller was simply placed on the injected light to control the transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarised magnitudes through the stable polarisation state of PM fibres for distinct dynamic‐range fringes on the optical spectrum analyser (OSA). Owing to the high precision and stability control of operating wavelengths in optical fibre communications, the low‐coherence telecommunication source was utilised to detect 21‐mer deoxyribonucleic acid which changed U to T according the miRNA‐21 sequence. The sensitivity with probing was showing 0.065 nm/(μg/ml), which implied the resolution as 0.3 μg/ml under the 0.02 nm wavelength accuracy on OSA.
Blockwise collaborative representation‐based classification via L2‐norm of query data for accurate face recognition
Authors: Na J.H. , Chang H.J.
Published: May 2016

A new blockwise collaborative representation‐based classification with L2‐norm of test data for accurate face recognition is presented. For training we divide images into several blocks and estimate representation coefficients of each block via L2‐norm minimisation. For testing, the L2‐norm of test image blocks are scaled by the trained representation coefficients. A novel classification scheme based on the L2‐norm of test blocks is proposed and this scheme is jointly applied with conventional reconstruction error‐based classification. Experimental results show that the proposed methods outperform other representation‐based methods for face recognition.
Extreme multistability in a memristive circuit
Authors: Bao Bo‐Cheng , Xu Quan , Bao Han , Chen Mo
Published: May 2016

A memristive Chua's circuit regarded as a paradigm is reconsidered to exhibit its extreme multistability in this Letter. Memristor initial state‐dependent dynamics is analysed and the coexistence of infinitely many attractors related to memristor initial states is revealed by numerical simulations and circuit simulations. The dynamical behaviour just reflects the emergence of extreme multistability in the memristive circuit.
Temperature compensation technique for ring oscillators with tail current
Authors: Zhang Shifeng , Li Ailing , Han Yan , Jie Lu , Han Xiaoxia , Cheung Ray C.C.
Published: May 2016

A temperature compensation technique for ring oscillators with tail current is proposed and analysed. Both proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) current source and constant current source are implemented to serve as the tail current. The constant current provides most of current for oscillation, and the PTAT current is for compensating the oscillator's temperature variation. The ring oscillator achieves high frequency‐temperature stability.
Artificial neural network and empirical mode decomposition based imbalance fault diagnosis of wind turbine using TurbSim, FAST and Simulink
Authors: Malik Hasmat , Mishra Sukumar
Published: May 2016

In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) based condition monitoring approach of a wind turbine using Simulink, FAST (fatigue, aerodynamics, structures and turbulence) and TurbSim is presented. The complete dynamics of a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based wind turbine [i.e. wind turbine generator (WTG)] model is simulated in an amalgamated domain of Simulink, FAST and TurbSim under six distinct conditions, i.e. aerodynamic asymmetry, rotor‐furl imbalance, tail‐furl imbalance, blade imbalance, nacelle‐yaw imbalance and normal operating scenarios. The simulation results in time domain of the PMSG output stator current are decomposed into the intrinsic mode functions using EMD method then RapidMiner‐based principal component analysis method is used to select most relevant input variables. An ANN model is then proposed to differentiate the normal operating scenarios from five fault conditions. The analysed results proclaim the effectiveness of the proposed approach to identify the different imbalance faults in WTG. The presented work renders initial results that are helpful for online condition monitoring and health assessment of WTG.
B-Type Cardiac Natriuretic Peptides in the Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Units
Authors: Cantinotti Massimiliano
Published: May 2016

During the last decade, interest in the brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in the pediatric population has progressively increased. The aim of this article is to provide an up to date review of evidences regarding the use of BNP/NT-proBNP in pediatrics, with a particular focus on neonatal intensive care and congenital heart disease. The potentialities of the BNP have been demonstrated in multiple settings, particularly: the screening of congenital/acquired heart disease (CHD) versus pulmonary disease; the evaluation of CHD severity (grade of heart failure, degree of left-to-right shunts); the management of children undergoing cardiac surgery; and monitoring premature infants with patent arterial duct. BNP/NT-proBNP values may be considered an easy and relatively low cost additional diagnostic and prognostic tool. Interpretation of BNP values in children requires attention to important factors, including: laboratory methods, the type of cardiac defect, its severity, and the presence of extracardiac conditions. Of these, the hemodynamic characteristic of CHD and physiologic variations of BNP values occurring during the first weeks of life play a major role. The current evidences in favor of BNP use are mainly derived from single-center, nonrandomized studies, and cost-effectiveness analysis are still lacking. As such, despite sufficient evidences supporting the diagnostic and prognostic potentialities of BNP, these findings should be reinforced by multicenter, randomized studies specifically designed to evaluate outcomes and cost-effectiveness. In addition, standard consensus documents/guidelines, that are currently lacking, are warranted for a more systematic use of BNP in the pediatric age.
Characteristics and performance of offset phase locked single frequency heterodyned laser systems
Authors: Tulchinsky David A. , Hastings Alexander S. , Williams Keith J.
Published: May 2016

We demonstrate and characterize the performance of two heterodyned optical phase locked loop (PLL) laser systems for use in characterizing photodetector RF frequency response and nonlinearities. Descriptions of PLL circuit parameters for Nd:YAG non-planar ring oscillator lasers at 1064 nm and 1319 nm, and Er ion fiber lasers from 1530 nm to 1565 nm are presented. Both laser systems have piezoelectric transducer wavelength control over the PLL voltage controlled oscillator circuit. Offset frequency phase locking from 1.5 kHz to 51+ GHz is demonstrated. Frequency stability at 10 MHz is measured to be ±50 μHz, limited by the stability of the Rb stabilized crystal oscillator. Phase noise of the phase-locked 1319 nm laser system is discussed where we find that the phase noise is dominated by the input source noise at frequency offsets below 100 Hz and by the laser’s RIN noise at frequency offsets > 100 Hz. Comparing nonlinearity data from an InGaAs p-i-n photodiode using both 1319 nm and 1550 nm PLL nonlinearity measurement systems, we find two new separate photodetector nonlinearity mechanisms. Measurements of the harmonic components of a 11 MHz sinusoidal heterodyned optical beat note signal are found to be at or below 1 nW/mW for the second harmonic (at 22 MHz) and at or below 0.25 nW/mW for the 3rd harmonic (at 33 MHz), confirming the nearly pure sinusoidal nature of the optically generated microwave beat note.
Fast and accurate predictions of covalent bonds in chemical space
Authors: Chang K. Y. Samuel , Fias Stijn , Ramakrishnan Raghunathan , von Lilienfeld O. Anatole
Published: May 2016

We assess the predictive accuracy of perturbation theory based estimates of changes in covalent bonding due to linear alchemical interpolations among molecules. We have investigated σ bonding to hydrogen, as well as σ and π bonding between main-group elements, occurring in small sets of iso-valence-electronic molecules with elements drawn from second to fourth rows in the p-block of the periodic table. Numerical evidence suggests that first order Taylor expansions of covalent bonding potentials can achieve high accuracy if (i) the alchemical interpolation is vertical (fixed geometry), (ii) it involves elements from the third and fourth rows of the periodic table, and (iii) an optimal reference geometry is used. This leads to near linear changes in the bonding potential, resulting in analytical predictions with chemical accuracy (∼1 kcal/mol). Second order estimates deteriorate the prediction. If initial and final molecules differ not only in composition but also in geometry, all estimates become substantially worse, with second order being slightly more accurate than first order. The independent particle approximation based second order perturbation theory performs poorly when compared to the coupled perturbed or finite difference approach. Taylor series expansions up to fourth order of the potential energy curve of highly symmetric systems indicate a finite radius of convergence, as illustrated for the alchemical stretching of H2+. Results are presented for (i) covalent bonds to hydrogen in 12 molecules with 8 valence electrons (CH4, NH3, H2O, HF, SiH4, PH3, H2S, HCl, GeH4, AsH3, H2Se, HBr); (ii) main-group single bonds in 9 molecules with 14 valence electrons (CH3F, CH3Cl, CH3Br, SiH3F, SiH3Cl, SiH3Br, GeH3F, GeH3Cl, GeH3Br); (iii) main-group double bonds in 9 molecules with 12 valence electrons (CH2O, CH2S, CH2Se, SiH2O, SiH2S, SiH2Se, GeH2O, GeH2S, GeH2Se); (iv) main-group triple bonds in 9 molecules with 10 valence electrons (HCN, HCP, HCAs, HSiN, HSiP, HSiAs, HGeN, HGeP, HGeAs); and (v) H2+ single bond with 1 electron.
Characteristics of a four element gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line array high power microwave source
Authors: Johnson J. M. , Reale D. V. , Krile J. T. , Garcia R. S. , Cravey W. H. , Neuber A. A. , Dickens J. C. , Mankowski J. J.
Published: May 2016

In this paper, a solid-state four element array gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line high power microwave system is presented as well as a detailed description of its subsystems and general output capabilities. This frequency agile S-band source is easily adjusted from 2-4 GHz by way of a DC driven biasing magnetic field and is capable of generating electric fields of 7.8 kV/m at 10 m correlating to 4.2 MW of RF power with pulse repetition frequencies up to 1 kHz. Beam steering of the array at angles of ±16.7° is also demonstrated, and the associated general radiation pattern is detailed.
Injection locking of a low cost high power laser diode at 461 nm
Authors: Pagett C. J. H. , Moriya P. H. , Celistrino Teixeira R. , Shiozaki R. F. , Hemmerling M. , Courteille Ph. W.
Published: May 2016

Stable laser sources at 461 nm are important for optical cooling of strontium atoms. In most existing experiments, this wavelength is obtained by frequency doubling infrared lasers, since blue laser diodes either have low power or large emission bandwidths. Here, we show that injecting less than 10 mW of monomode laser radiation into a blue multimode 500 mW high power laser diode is capable of slaving at least 50% of the power to the desired frequency. We verify the emission bandwidth reduction by saturation spectroscopy on a strontium gas cell and by direct beating of the slave with the master laser. We also demonstrate that the laser can efficiently be used within the Zeeman slower for optical cooling of a strontium atomic beam.
Possible signatures of dissipation from time-series analysis techniques using a turbulent laboratory magnetohydrodynamic plasma
Authors: Schaffner D. A. , Brown M. R. , Rock A. B.
Published: May 2016

The frequency spectrum of magnetic fluctuations as measured on the Swarthmore Spheromak Experiment is broadband and exhibits a nearly Kolmogorov 5/3 scaling. It features a steepening region which is indicative of dissipation of magnetic fluctuation energy similar to that observed in fluid and magnetohydrodynamic turbulence systems. Two non-spectrum based time-series analysis techniques are implemented on this data set in order to seek other possible signatures of turbulent dissipation beyond just the steepening of fluctuation spectra. Presented here are results for the flatness, permutation entropy, and statistical complexity, each of which exhibits a particular character at spectral steepening scales which can then be compared to the behavior of the frequency spectrum.
Dynamics of flows, fluctuations, and global instability under electrode biasing in a linear plasma device
Authors: Desjardins T. R. , Gilmore M.
Published: May 2016

Grid biasing is utilized in a large-scale helicon plasma to modify an existing instability. It is shown both experimentally and with a linear stability analysis to be a hybrid drift-Kelvin–Helmholtz mode. At low magnetic field strengths, coherent fluctuations are present, while at high magnetic field strengths, the plasma is broad-band turbulent. Grid biasing is used to drive the once-coherent fluctuations to a broad-band turbulent state, as well as to suppress them. There is a corresponding change in the flow shear. When a high positive bias (10Te) is applied to the grid electrode, a large-scale (ñ/n≈50%) is excited. This mode has been identified as the potential relaxation instability.
Gyrokinetic simulation of driftwave instability in field-reversed configuration
Authors: Fulton D. P. , Lau C. K. , Schmitz L. , Holod I. , Lin Z. , Tajima T. , Binderbauer M. W. ,   TAE Team
Published: May 2016

Following the recent remarkable progress in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability control in the C-2U advanced beam driven field-reversed configuration (FRC), turbulent transport has become one of the foremost obstacles on the path towards an FRC-based fusion reactor. Significant effort has been made to expand kinetic simulation capabilities in FRC magnetic geometry. The recently upgraded Gyrokinetic Toroidal Code (GTC) now accommodates realistic magnetic geometry from the C-2U experiment at Tri Alpha Energy, Inc. and is optimized to efficiently handle the FRC's magnetic field line orientation. Initial electrostatic GTC simulations find that ion-scale instabilities are linearly stable in the FRC core for realistic pressure gradient drives. Estimated instability thresholds from linear GTC simulations are qualitatively consistent with critical gradients determined from experimental Doppler backscattering fluctuation data, which also find ion scale modes to be depressed in the FRC core. Beyond GTC, A New Code (ANC) has been developed to accurately resolve the magnetic field separatrix and address the interaction between the core and scrape-off layer regions, which ultimately determines global plasma confinement in the FRC. The current status of ANC and future development targets are discussed.
Low-relaxation spin waves in laser-molecular-beam epitaxy grown nanosized yttrium iron garnet films
Authors: Lutsev L. V. , Korovin A. M. , Bursian V. E. , Gastev S. V. , Fedorov V. V. , Suturin S. M. , Sokolov N. S.
Published: May 2016

Synthesis of nanosized yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12, YIG) films followed by the study of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and spin wave propagation in these films is reported. The YIG films were grown on gadolinium gallium garnet substrates by laser molecular beam epitaxy. It has been shown that spin waves propagating in YIG deposited at 700 °C have low damping. At the frequency of 3.29 GHz, the spin-wave damping parameter is less than 3.6 × 10−5. Magnetic inhomogeneities of the YIG films give the main contribution to the FMR linewidth. The contribution of the relaxation processes to the FMR linewidth is as low as 1.2%.
Numerical stability analysis and flow simulation of lid-driven cavity subjected to high magnetic field
Authors: Marioni L. , Bay F. , Hachem E.
Published: May 2016

In this work, we study the flow of a conducting fluid inside a two-dimensional square domain. The problem is solved by using a variational multiscale finite element approach. The study focuses on a high magnetic interaction parameter range and high Reynolds number. Under the imposition of a high magnetic field, the flow gets regularized, but fast transient phenomena take place, which could lead to numerical errors. An expression to compute the maximum time step that guarantees convergence in explicit schemes is proposed and validated through numerical tests.
Hierarchical domain structure of lead-free piezoelectric (Na1/2 Bi1/2)TiO3-(K1/2 Bi1/2)TiO3 single crystals
Authors: Luo Chengtao , Wang Yaojin , Ge Wenwei , Li Jiefang , Viehland Dwight , Delaire Olivier , Li Xiaobin , Luo Haosu
Published: May 2016

We report a unique hierarchical domain structure in single crystals of (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-xat. %(K1/2Bi1/2)TiO3 for x = 5 and 8 by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A high density of polar nano-domains with a lamellar morphology was found, which were self-assembled into a quadrant-like configuration, which then assembled into conventional ferroelectric macro-domains. Studies by high resolution TEM revealed that the polar lamellar regions contained a coexistence of in-phase and anti-phase oxygen octahedral tilt regions of a few nanometers in size. Domain frustration over multiple length scales may play an important role in the stabilization of the hierarchy, and in reducing the piezoelectric response of this Pb-free piezoelectric solid solution.
Parameter optimization of gas alternative water for CO2 flooding in low permeability hydrocarbon reservoirs
Authors: Liu Pengcheng , Zhang Xiaokun , Hao Mingqiang , Liu Jiaqi , Yuan Zhe
Published: May 2016

The parameters influencing gas alternative water (WAG) for CO2 flooding in the low permeability block of the Jilin oil fields in China were investigated using the numerical simulation software, Eclipse. The minimum miscibility pressure was first determined based on slim tube tests. Comparisons were made between continuous water flooding, continuous CO2 flooding, and WAG flooding methods. The oil recovery ratio of “gas injection first method” was higher than that of “water injection first method” and the mechanism of CO2 displacement was analyzed. The optimum parameters for WAG flooding were 7 for the number of slugs, 0.3845 PV for the total injection volume, approximately 0.5742 for the gas/water slug ratio, and 120 days for the stewing time. The optimum injection timing of the switching depletion development to the WAG injection was 0.25 years and the earlier switching to the WAG injection after water flooding was more suitable for enhanced oil recovery. The maximal cumulative water injection by water flooding or by WAG flooding yielded the highest oil recovery ratio for homogeneous reservoir. The results do not only play a very important role in optimizing different development schemes but also provide theoretical basis for CO2 flooding in low permeability hydrocarbon reservoirs.
Direct laser writing of polymeric nanostructures via optically induced local thermal effect
Authors: Tong Quang Cong , Nguyen Dam Thuy Trang , Do Minh Thanh , Luong Mai Hoang , Journet Bernard , Ledoux-Rak Isabelle , Lai Ngoc Diep
Published: May 2016

We demonstrate the fabrication of desired structures with feature size below the diffraction limit by use of a positive photoresist. The direct laser writing technique employing a continuous-wave laser was used to optically induce a local thermal effect in a positive photoresist, which then allowed the formation of solid nanostructures. This technique enabled us to realize multi-dimensional sub-microstructures by use of a positive photoresist, with a feature size down to 57 nm. This mechanism acting on positive photoresists opens a simple and low-cost way for nanofabrication.
Quantum oscillation and nontrivial transport in the Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 nanodevice
Authors: Pan Haiyang , Zhang Kang , Wei Zhongxia , Zhao Bo , Wang Jue , Gao Ming , Pi Li , Han Min , Song Fengqi , Wang Xuefeng , Wang Baigeng , Zhang Rong
Published: May 2016

Here, we report on the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillation in high-quality Cd3As2 nanowires grown by a chemical vapor deposition approach. The dominant transport of topological Dirac fermions is evident by the nontrivial Berry phase in the Landau Fan diagram. The quantum oscillations rise at a small field of 2 T and preserves up to 100 K, revealing a sizeable Landau level gap and a device mobility of 2138 cm2 V−1 s−1. The angle-variable oscillations indicate the isotropy of the bulk Dirac transport. The large estimated mean free path makes the Cd3As2 nanowire a promising platform for the one-dimensional transport of Dirac semimetals.
Compact transformable acoustic logic gates for broadband complex Boolean operations based on density-near-zero metamaterials
Authors: Zhang Ting , Cheng Ying , Yuan Bao-Guo , Guo Jian-Zhong , Liu Xiao-Jun
Published: May 2016

The extraordinary transmission in density-near-zero (DNZ) acoustic metamaterials (AMs) provides possibilities to manipulate acoustic signals with extremely large effective phase velocity and wavelength. Here, we report compact transformable acoustic logic gates with a subwavelength size as small as 0.82λ based on DNZ AMs. The basic acoustic logic gates, composed of a tri-port structure filled with space-coiling DNZ AMs, enable precise direct linear interference of input signals with considerably small phase lag and wavefront distortion. We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally the basic Boolean logic operations such as OR, AND, XOR, and NOT with wide operational frequency ranges and controllability, by adjusting the phase difference between two input signals. More complex logic calculus, such as “I1 + I2 × I3,” are also realized by cascading of the basic logic gates. Our proposal provides diverse routes to construct devices for acoustic signal computing and manipulations.
Communication: The cluster vapor to cluster solid transition
Authors: Sweatman Martin B. , Lue Leo
Published: May 2016

Until now, depletion induced transitions have been the hallmark of multicomponent systems only. Monte Carlo simulations reveal a depletion-induced phase transition from cluster vapor to cluster solid in a one-component fluid with competing short range and long range interactions. This confirms a prediction made by earlier theoretical work. Analysis of renormalized cluster-cluster and cluster-vapor interactions suggests that a cluster liquid is also expected within a very narrow range of model parameters. These insights could help identify the mechanisms of clustering in experiments and assist the design of colloidal structures through engineered self-assembly.
Improving the sensitivity of J coupling measurements in solids with application to disordered materials
Authors: Guerry Paul , Brown Steven P. , Smith Mark E.
Published: May 2016

It has been shown previously that for magic angle spinning (MAS) solid state NMR the refocused INADEQUATE spin-echo (REINE) experiment can usefully quantify scalar (J) couplings in disordered solids. This paper focuses on the two z filter components in the original REINE pulse sequence, and investigates by means of a product operator analysis and fits to density matrix simulations the effects that their removal has on the sensitivity of the experiment and on the accuracy of the extracted J couplings. The first z filter proves unnecessary in all the cases investigated here and removing it increases the sensitivity of the experiment by a factor ∼1.1–2.0. Furthermore, for systems with broad isotropic chemical shift distributions (namely whose full widths at half maximum are greater than 30 times the mean J coupling strength), the second z filter can also be removed, thus allowing whole-echo acquisition and providing an additional √2 gain in sensitivity. Considering both random and systematic errors in the values obtained, J couplings determined by fitting the intensity modulations of REINE experiments carry an uncertainty of 0.2–1.0 Hz (∼1−10 %).
Effects of forage neutral detergent fibre and time after feeding on medial and ventral rumen pH and volatile fatty acids concentration in heifers fed highly digestible grass/clover silages
Authors: Schulze A. K. S. , Storm A. C. , Weisbjerg M. R. , Nørgaard P.
Published: May 2016

The major microbial fermentation of forages and production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) takes place in the medial part of the rumen, whereas the absorption of VFA occurs through the rumen epithelium, for example the ventral sac. The objective was to study effects of forage neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content and time after feeding on the medial to ventral VFA and pH gradient as well as rumen motility in the rumen of heifers fed grass/clover silages. Four silages were harvested at different growth stages with NDF contents of 31–45% of DM and in vitro organic matter digestibilities of 75–82% and fed to four rumen-fistulated Jersey heifers at 90% of ad libitum level in a Latin square design, with half the ration fed at 0800 hours and 1530 hours. Rumen fluid was sampled hourly from 0730 hours to 1530 hours in the medial and ventral rumen, and analysed for pH and concentrations of VFA, L-lactic acid, and ammonia to assess ruminal chemical gradient. Reticular contractions were continuously recorded by a pressure transducer. Time relative to feeding affected rumen parameters as pH was generally lower and VFA content greater in medial compared with ventral rumen fluid. Greater NDF content of the silage caused lower VFA concentration and higher pH in the rumen mat, and therefore the gradient diminished at greater NDF content in the silages; an effect probably caused by reduced organic matter digestibility rather than digesta NDF properties. This study therefore suggests that VFA production decreased with greater NDF content of forages, whereas intra-ruminal equilibration increased.
Glycolipid GD3 and GD3 synthase are key drivers for glioblastoma stem cells and tumorigenicity
Authors: Yeh Shih-Chi , Wang Pao-Yuan , Lou Yi-Wei , Khoo Kay-Hooi , Hsiao Michael , Hsu Tsui-Ling , Wong Chi-Huey
Published: May 2016

Significance

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor. The recurrence or chemoresistance of GBM is attributed to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Although many studies indicate that CD133 protein is a biomarker for GBM CSC (GSC) enrichment, CD133 is not specific for GSCs and is also present on cancer cells. In this study, we report that ganglioside D3 (GD3) is not only an alternative marker but also an additional marker to CD133 for the identification and enrichment of GSCs. We further prove that the properties of CSCs in GBM are suppressed when GD3 synthase is inhibited, supporting GD3 as a GBM stem cell marker and a promising therapeutic target for GBM treatment.
Weldability and weld performance of candidate nickel based superalloys for advanced ultrasupercritical fossil power plants Part II: weldability and cross-weld creep performance
Authors: Siefert J. A. , Shingledecker J. P. , DuPont J. N. , David S. A.
Published: May 2016

Fossil fuel will continue to be the major source of energy for the foreseeable future. To meet the demand for clean and affordable energy, an increase in the operating efficiency of fossil fired power plants is necessary. There are several initiatives worldwide to achieve efficiencies >45%HHV (higher heating value) through an increase in steam temperature (700–760°C) and pressure (27.6–34.5 MPa). Realising this goal requires materials with excellent creep rupture properties and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures. Two previous papers addressed the welding and weldability of ferritic and austenitic stainless steels. Welding and weldability of nickel based alloys will be discussed in a two-part paper. In this paper, the primary focus will be on the behaviour of candidate nickel based alloys that are being proposed in advanced ultrasupercritical power plants and with regard to weldability (Part I) and cross-weld creep performance (Part II).
Measuring Feelings of Staff Members Towards Their Most Complex Female and Male Forensic Psychiatric Patients: A Pilot Study into Gender Differences
Authors: de Vogel Vivienne , Louppen Marijke
Published: May 2016

It has been suggested that female forensic psychiatric patients evoke different or stronger feelings in their treatment staff compared to male forensic patients. More specifically, it has been stated that it can be more difficult and emotionally draining to work with women as they are seen as more manipulative and demanding than men (Lewis, 2006 ). However, there is not much empirical research to support this suggestion. In this pilot study, 146 staff members working in a gender-mixed forensic psychiatric hospital filled out the Feeling Word Checklist 30-item version for their most complex, demanding, female and male patient. Overall, it was found that staff members felt more helpful, accepting, strong, relaxed, affectionate, sympathetic, and receptive towards their most complex female forensic patient and more anxious, threatened and overwhelmed by their most complex male forensic patient. Differences were found between more experienced and less experienced staff members as well as between female and male staff members. Staff members working over 5 years in this hospital experienced much fewer differences in feelings towards female and male patients. Less experienced staff had significantly more positive feelings towards female patients and more negative feelings towards male patients. Female staff members usually felt more strong and in control with female patients and more overwhelmed by male patients. Male staff members felt more angry with male patients and more receptive towards female patients. Compared to female staff members, male staff members felt more cautious and embarrassed with female patients. It was concluded that there are substantial differences in feelings of staff members towards female and male forensic patients, with staff reporting predominantly more positive feelings towards women. More training, intervision, and support with respect to working in forensic gender-mixed settings would be valuable, especially for mental health professionals who are early in their career. Finally, suggestions are provided for future research into this topic.
EMC3-EIRENE modelling of edge impurity transport in the stochastic layer of the large helical device compared with extreme ultraviolet emission measurements
Authors: Dai Shuyu , Kobayashi M. , Kawamura G. , Morita S. , Zhang H.M. , Oishi T. , Feng Y. , Wang D.Z. , Suzuki Y.
Published: May 2016

The transport properties and line emissions of carbon impurity in the stochastic layer of the Large Helical Device have been investigated with the 3D edge transport code EMC3-EIRENE. A parameter study has been performed to examine the sensitivity of the simulation results on each transport term in the impurity transport model and the impurity source characteristics, i.e. the source amount and the location. The modelling has revealed that in order to reproduce the experimental results of the emission distribution, the impurity perpendicular transport coefficient (D
imp) and the first wall source play important roles, while changes to the ion thermal and the friction forces are rather irrelevant. The detailed study of flux tube tracing and magnetic field structure in the edge stochastic layer, in relation to impurity transport, has shown that the deeper penetration of impurity into the higher plasma density region due to the enhanced D
imp and the first wall source is responsible for the change of emission pattern as well as the intensity. The analysis indicates that D
imp might be larger than that of background plasma by a few factors and also that there probably exists a substantial amount of first wall impurity source.
A 6% measurement of the Hubble parameter at z∼0.45: direct evidence of the epoch of cosmic re-acceleration
Authors: Moresco Michele , Pozzetti Lucia , Cimatti Andrea , Jimenez Raul , Maraston Claudia , Verde Licia , Thomas Daniel , Citro Annalisa , Tojeiro Rita , Wilkinson David
Published: May 2016

Deriving the expansion history of the Universe is a major goal of modern cosmology. To date, the most accurate measurements have been obtained with Type Ia Supernovae (SNe) and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO), providing evidence for the existence of a transition epoch at which the expansion rate changes from decelerated to accelerated. However, these results have been obtained within the framework of specific cosmological models that must be implicitly or explicitly assumed in the measurement. It is therefore crucial to obtain measurements of the accelerated expansion of the Universe independently of assumptions on cosmological models. Here we exploit the unprecedented statistics provided by the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS, [1-3]) Data Release 9 to provide new constraints on the Hubble parameterH(z) using thecosmic chronometersapproach. We extract a sample of more than 130000 of the most massive and passively evolving galaxies, obtaining five new cosmology-independentH(z) measurements in the redshift range 0.3 < z < 0.5, with an accuracy of ∼11–16% incorporating both statistical and systematic errors. Once combined, these measurements yield a 6% accuracy constraint ofH(z = 0.4293) = 91.8 ± 5.3 km/s/Mpc. The new data are crucial to provide the first cosmology-independent determination of the transition redshift at high statistical significance, measuring zt = 0.4 ± 0.1, and to significantly disfavor the null hypothesis of no transition between decelerated and accelerated expansion at 99.9% confidence level. This analysis highlights the wide potential of the cosmic chronometers approach: it permits to derive constraints on the expansion history of the Universe with results competitive with standard probes, and most importantly, being the estimates independent of the cosmological model, it can constrain cosmologies beyond—and including—the ΛCDM model.
Asymptotic expansion of double Laplace-type integrals: The case of non-stationary minimum points
Authors: Kamouche Nesrine , Benaissa Abdallah
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we show that the asymptotic expansion of a double Laplace-type integral with a non-stationary minimum point, located on the boundary of the domain of integration, is governed by the order of contact between the boundary curve and the level curve of the phase through the minimum point. This achievement will enable us to construct complete asymptotic expansions in more general settings. Especially, the problem will be completely solved if the phase and the boundary curve of the domain of integration are analytic near the minimum point.
BAM-matcher: a tool for rapid NGS sample matching
Authors: Wang Paul P.S. , Parker Wendy T. , Branford Susan , Schreiber Andreas W.
Published: May 2016

The standard method used by high-throughput genome sequencing facilities for detecting mislabelled samples is to use independently generated high-density SNP data to determine sample identity. However, as it has now become commonplace to have multiple samples sequenced from the same source, such as for analysis of somatic variants using matched tumour and normal samples, we can directly use the genotype information inherent in the sequence data to match samples and thus bypass the need for additional laboratory testing. Here we present BAM-matcher, a tool that can rapidly determine whether two BAM files represent samples from the same biological source by comparing their genotypes. BAM-matcher is designed to be simple to use, provides easily interpretable results, and is suitable for deployment at early stages of data processing pipelines.

Availability and implementation: BAM-matcher is licensed under the Creative Commons by Attribution license, and is available from: https://bitbucket.org/sacgf/bam-matcher .

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Contact:  paul.wang@sa.gov.au
Lamentations
Authors: Williamson Robert
Published: May 2016

The book of Lamentations expresses the humiliation, suffering, and despair of Jerusalem and her people following the destruction of the city by the Babylonians in 587 bce. Traditionally attributed to the authorship of the prophet Jeremiah, Lamentations was more likely written for public rituals commemorating the destruction of the city of Jerusalem and its Temple. Lamentations is notable both for the starkness of its imagery of the devastated city and for its poetic artistry. The book consists of five poems, the first four written as alphabetic acrostics proceeding through the alphabet from aleph to tav, while the fifth evokes the alphabet with its twenty-two-line structure. While Lamentations has for millennia been an important liturgical piece in Jewish commemorations of Tisha b’Av, it has only recently begun to flourish in the scholarly literature, perhaps because the devastations of the past century, including particularly the Holocaust and more recently 9/11, have made its message more urgent and timely. While scholars for a time found the primary theological purpose of the book in the Deuteronomic righteousness-reward theology with its hope in the possibility of repentance, more recent discussions have viewed Lamentations as an unresolved expression of grief following the trauma of Jerusalem’s devastation. Recent literary approaches focusing on Lamentations as an open, dialogic text have particularly emphasized the figure of Daughter Zion (personified Jerusalem), who has also been the subject of both feminist and queer studies. Reception historical approaches have also begun to show how Lamentations has echoed through the ages not only in liturgy, but also in literature, music, and art. Because of its focus on grief following devastation, Lamentations speaks not only to the specifics of its own historical circumstances, but also to the timeless human experience of life.
Metaepistemology
Authors: Kyriacou Christos
Published: May 2016

Metaepistemology is the branch of epistemology that asks questions about epistemological questions and inquires into fundamental aspects of epistemic theorizing, such as metaphysics, epistemology, semantics, value theory, agency, psychology, responsibility, reasons for belief, evidence, and probability. So, if as traditionally conceived epistemology is the theory of knowledge, metaepistemology is the theory of the theory of knowledge. It is currently an emerging and quickly developing branch of epistemology, partly because of the success of the more advanced “twin” normative subject of metaethics. The success of metaethics and the structural similarities between metaethics and metaepistemology have inspired parallel conceptual forays in metaepistemology with far-reaching implications for both subjects. The article offers a survey of core bibliography about basic metaepistemological themes. The bibliography aims neither at being exhaustive nor at presenting these basic themes in their full sophistication and complexity. Rather, given the broad span of themes and problems that fall under the label of metaepistemology, the aim is to introduce some bibliography and some works that provide an overview of some of the cutting edge research that is currently undertaken in metaepistemology debates. In what follows, “(meta)”epistemology is bracketed to indicate the epistemology of epistemology. This is to be distinguished from nonbracketed “metaepistemology,” which is meant to refer to the whole domain of metaepistemological theorizing (metaphysics, epistemology, semantics, value theory, agency, etc.). Henceforth, this usage for the two concepts will be assumed. I am indebted to Robin McKenna, Adam Carter and Martin Grajner for helpful comments.