bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LUTO NA ADOLESCÊNCIA: REFLEXÕES A PARTIR DO FILME “SETE MINUTOS DEPOIS DA MEIA-NOITE”
Authors: Antonio Carolina Cubas , Teotônio Everton , Daspet Celina
Published: December 2021

Luto é um processo de adaptação após a perda de algo ou alguém que era importante para a pessoa. Durante este processo um novo sentido para a vida precisa ser descoberto e construído. Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender o luto na adolescência pela perda de genitores tendo o filme “Sete minutos depois da meia noite” como agente da reflexão. O estudo foi desenvolvido por meio de uma análise fílmica simplificada e uma revisão da literatura sobre o tema. O filme retrata a história de um adolescente de 13 anos que vivencia o processo de adoecimento e morte de sua mãe. O encontro com uma árvore-monstro, que invade seus sonhos e lhe conta histórias, foi o que permitiu o adolescente contactar-se com seu imaginário e enfrentar tal vivencia. Durante a análise foi possível observar o processo de luto antecipatório que o adolescente vivencia e suas dificuldades em enfrentar suas emoções e reações. Etapas importantes do processo de luto foram identificadas e discutidas facilitando o aprimoramento do conhecimento sobre o tema.
REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DA MATEMÁTICA ENTRE ESTUDANTES DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL FRENTE À ANÁLISE DA ANSIEDADE À MATEMÁTICA E À MATOFOBIA
Authors: Silva Esdras Henrique de Souza e , Silva Nathalie Sena da , Gomes Allyne Evellyn Freitas
Published: December 2021

Esta pesquisa qualitativa surgiu da percepção de que diversos estudantes revelam em suas falas corriqueiras atribuições de variadas formas a respeito da matemática, não só enquanto matéria curricular, mas também enquanto algo que pode ser utilizado no dia-a-dia e que desperta emoções que podem ser boas ou ruins. A presente análise leva em consideração aspectos da ansiedade à matemática e da matofobia. O estudo foi realizado com alunos/as do quarto ano ensino fundamental de uma escola municipal de Olinda em Pernambuco, onde foi aplicada a técnica do brainstorming, que consiste em lançar o maior número de ideias ou relatos a respeito de certo tema. Nesse estudo o objetivo foi conhecer as representações sobre a matemática. A análise dos dados baseou-se na análise de conteúdo. Os resultados revelaram as seguintes categorias: atribuições positivas, atribuições negativas, conceito, metodológicas, aplicabilidade na matemática e outros.  Constatou-se que a maioria dos/as estudantes não demonstraram indícios de que sofrem matofobia e/ou ansiedade diante da disciplina matemática.
Homeopathic Potencies vary from each other with respect to relative proportions of free and bound water molecules
Authors: Sukul Nirmal Chandra , Chakraborty Indrani , Datta Soumita , Sukul Anirban
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Homeopathic potencies 12CH and above cross the Avogadro number, and as such do not contain any original drug molecules in their aqueous ethanol medium. It is thought H-bonded water structures preserved by ethanol carry the information of initial drug molecules. Potentized drugs show some differences with respect to their infrared (IR) absorption spectra. In a water-ethanol solution, free water molecules vary according the concentration of ethanol. In the present study the concentration of ethanol has been kept constant at 0.03 molar fraction in 6 different homeopathic potencies. To see whether different homeopathic potencies having fixed ethanol content show variation in free water molecules. Two potencies like 8CH and 32CH of three homeopathic drugs Natrum mur, Cantharis and Nux vomica were used in the study, and their ethanol concentration was kept fixed at 0.03 molar fraction. The control was considered to be aquous ethanol at the same concentration. Spectrum of pure water was also taken. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectra were obtained in the wave number region of 4000 â€“ 2800 cm-1. The half-width at half-maximum was measured for each spectrum. The intensity of each spectrum was normalized at 3410 cm-1 close to the peak. The difference spectrum (absorbance of drug solution â€“ absorbance of pure water) for each drug and the control was obtained. FTIR spectra showed variation in absorbance intensity on both the high and low frequency side of the O-H stretching band in different drugs as well as the control. The C-H stretching band of 2977 cm-1 also showed variation in intensity in different drugs. In the difference spectra the absorbance intensity at the dip at 3630 cm-1 varied in different drugs and the control. The decrease in intensity at 3630 cm-1 and subsequent rise in intensity at lower frequency region represent the level of free water molecules and strong alcoholic O-H band around 3250 cm-1, respectively. The drug and the control solutions show distinct variation in their FTIR spectra. The drugs have different levels of bound and free water molecules although their ethanol concentration is same.

Keywords-Homeopathic potencies, FTIR spectra, free water molecules, intensity and difference spectrum.
KMnO4 chemical kinetics in high diluted solvents
Authors: Vivian Fabio , Zacharias Carlos Renato
Published: December 2021

Background: A number of theoretical and experimental approaches have been signalizing towards a induction of some solvent structural order or dynamical behavior, whenever a High Dilution (HD) is prepared. These works have been performed using different spectroscopic techniques, calorimetric studies, electrical and optical measurements, among others, which results are interpreted under many different approaches. The understanding of the physicochemical nature of HDs is still far from to be clarified, despite the evidences on their biological activity. Assuming that physicochemical changes induced by shaking and dilution (potentization) are true, one could expect that the changed solvent could interfere in the chemical kinetics of a complex reaction. The reduction of Mn7+ to Mn2+ (color change) observed when KMnO4 in transferred into an acidic solvent is a self-catalyzed reaction dependent on pH, temperature and concentration with many reaction pathways, but converging usually to the colorless Mn2+ state (the Mn2+ produced in the Mn7+ reduction is the reaction catalyzer). Method: We have performed this reaction using oxalic and sulphuric acid as solvent, observing the time dependence of the absorbance at Î» = 525 nm. Some solvent variants were proofed: G0: normal solvent; G1: potentized solvent at 12x; G2: Mn2+ potentized in normal solvent until 12x. If the potentization itself could change the solvent, we would expect differences in G1 compared to G0. If some Mn2+ information were imprinted into the solvent due the potentization we would expect differences in G2 to G1 and G0. It was recorded 10 spectra for each solvent variant and the experiment was performed twice (different weeks), with different fresh starting solutions (KMnO4, acid solvent and variants). Averaged values and standart deviations were compared. Results: The only difference observed were a randomic time delay (few seconds) to start the decrease in the absorbance at Î» = 525 nm. This delay was associated to the natural diffusion of KMnO4 in the solvent and the time left to insert the cuvette into the spectrometer as well to turn the measurements on. After delay correction, all curves showed similar behavior (unsignificant differences), that its typical decrease. Conclusion: If potentization is able to induce changes in the solvent, these were not able to affect the chemical kinetics of the KMnO4 in acidic medium. One could hypothetize this model is not responsive to those putative changes either by the unspecificity of a chemical solution (no similitude is achieved) or by the lack of a biological sensor able to interpret such changes. Another conclusion would be that no changes are induced on the solvent due potentization.
Eastward-propagating planetary waves in the polar middle atmosphere
Authors: Tang Liang , Gu Sheng-Yang , Dou Xian-Kang
Published: December 2021

Abstract. According to Modern-Era Retrospective Research Analysis for Research and
Applications (MERRA-2) temperature and wind datasets in 2019, this
study presents the global variations in the eastward-propagating wavenumber
1 (E1), 2 (E2), 3 (E3) and 4 (E4) planetary waves (PWs) and their diagnostic
results in the polar middle atmosphere. We clearly demonstrate the eastward
wave modes exist during winter periods with westward background wind in both
hemispheres. The maximum wave amplitudes in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) are
slightly larger and lie lower than those in the Northern Hemisphere (NH).
Moreover, the wave perturbations peak at lower latitudes with smaller
amplitudes as the wavenumber increases. The period of the E1 mode varies between 3–5 d in both hemispheres, while the period of the E2 mode is slightly longer in
the NH (∼ 48 h) than in the SH (∼ 40 h). The
periods of the E3 are ∼ 30 h in both the SH and the NH, and the period
of E4 is ∼ 24 h. Despite the shortening of wave periods with
the increase in wavenumber, their mean phase speeds are relatively stable, ∼ 53, ∼ 58, ∼ 55 and ∼ 52 m/s at 70∘ latitudes for E1, E2, E3 and
E4, respectively. The eastward PWs occur earlier with increasing zonal
wavenumber, which agrees well with the seasonal variations in the critical
layers generated by the background wind. Our diagnostic analysis also
indicates that the mean flow instability in the upper stratosphere and upper
mesosphere might contribute to the amplification of the eastward PWs.
Use of thermal signal for the investigation of near-surface turbulence
Authors: Zeeman Matthias
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Organised motion of air in the roughness sublayer of the atmosphere was investigated using novel temperature sensing and data science methods. Despite accuracy drawbacks, current fibre-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) and thermal imaging (TIR) instruments offer frequent, moderately precise and highly localised observations of thermal signal in a domain geometry suitable for micrometeorological applications near the surface. The goal of this study was to combine DTS and TIR for the investigation of temperature and wind field statistics. Horizontal and vertical cross-sections allowed a tomographic investigation of the spanwise and streamwise evolution of organised motion, opening avenues for analysis without assumptions on scale relationships. Events in the temperature signal on the order of seconds to minutes could be identified, localised, and classified using signal decomposition and machine learning techniques. However, small-scale turbulence patterns at the surface appeared difficult to resolve due to the heterogeneity of the thermal properties of the vegetation canopy, which are not immediately evident visually. The results highlight a need for physics-aware data science techniques that treat scale and shape of temperature structures in combination, rather than as separate features.
Laboratory characterisations and intercomparison sounding test of dual thermistor radiosondes for radiation correction
Authors: Lee Sang-Wook , Kim Sunghun , Lee Young-Suk , Yoo Jae-Keun , Lee Sungjun , Kwon Suyong , Choi Byung Il , So Jaewon , Kim Yong-Gyoo
Published: December 2021

Abstract. A dual thermistor radiosonde (DTR) comprising two (white and black) sensors with different emissivities was developed to correct the effects of solar radiation on temperature sensors based on in-situ radiation measurements. Herein, the DTR performance is characterised in terms of the uncertainty via a series of ground-based facilities and an intercomparison sounding test. The DTR characterisation procedure using laboratory facilities is as follows: individually calibrate the temperature of the thermistors in a climate chamber; test the effect of temperature on the resistance reading using radiosonde boards in the climate chamber; individually perform radiation tests on thermistors; and perform parameterisation of the radiation measurement and correction formulas using an upper air simulator with varying temperature, pressure and ventilation speed. These results are combined and applied to the DTR sounding test conducted in July, 2021. Thereafter, the effective irradiance is measured using the temperature difference between the white and black sensors of the DTR. The measured irradiance is then used for the radiation correction of the DTR white sensor. The radiation-corrected temperature of the DTR is mostly consistent with that of a commercial radiosonde (Vaisala, RS41) within the expanded uncertainty (~0.35 ℃) of the DTR at the coverage factor k = 2. Furthermore, the components contributing to the uncertainty of the radiation measurement and correction are analysed. The DTR methodology can improve the accuracy of temperature measurement in the upper air within the framework of the traceability to the International System of Units.
Simultaneous assessment of oxygen- and nitrate-based net community production in a temperate shelf sea from a single ocean glider
Authors: Hull Tom , Greenwood Naomi , Birchill Antony , Beaton Alexander , Palmer Matthew , Kaiser Jan
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The continental shelf seas are important at a global scale for ecosystem services.
These highly dynamic regions are under a wide range of stresses, and as such future management requires appropriate monitoring measures.
A key metric to understanding and predicting future change are the rates of biological production.
We present here the use of an autonomous underwater glider with an oxygen (O2) and a wet-chemical microfluidic total oxidised nitrogen (NOx-=NO3-+NO2-) sensor during a spring bloom as part of a 2019 pilot autonomous shelf sea monitoring study.
We find exceptionally high rates of net community production using both O2 and NOx- water column inventory changes,
corrected for air–sea gas exchange in case of O2.
We compare these rates with 2007 and 2008 mooring observations finding similar rates of NOx- consumption.
With these complementary methods we determine the O2:N amount ratio of the newly produced organic matter (7.8 ± 0.4) and the overall O2:N ratio for the total water column (5.7 ± 0.4).
The former is close to the canonical Redfield O2:N ratio of 8.6 ± 1.0,
whereas the latter may be explained by a combination of new organic matter production and preferential remineralisation of more reduced organic matter at a higher O2:N ratio below the euphotic zone.
Reduced El Niño variability in the mid-Pliocene according to the PlioMIP2 ensemble
Authors: Oldeman Arthur M. , Baatsen Michiel L. J. , von der Heydt Anna S. , Dijkstra Henk A. , Tindall Julia C. , Abe-Ouchi Ayako , Booth Alice R. , Brady Esther C. , Chan Wing-Le , Chandan Deepak , Chandler Mark A. , Contoux Camille , Feng Ran , Guo Chuncheng , Haywood Alan M. , Hunter Stephen J. , Kamae Youichi , Li Qiang , Li Xiangyu , Lohmann Gerrit , Lunt Daniel J. , Nisancioglu Kerim H. , Otto-Bliesner Bette L. , Peltier W. Richard , Pontes Gabriel M. , Ramstein Gilles , Sohl Linda E. , Stepanek Christian , Tan Ning , Zhang Qiong , Zhang Zhongshi , Wainer Ilana , Williams Charles J. R.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The mid-Pliocene warm period (3.264–3.025 Ma) is the most recent geological period during which atmospheric CO2 levels were similar to recent historical values (∼400 ppm). Several proxy reconstructions for the mid-Pliocene show highly reduced zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradients in the tropical Pacific Ocean, indicating an El Niño-like mean state. However, past modelling studies do not show these highly reduced gradients. Efforts to understand mid-Pliocene climate dynamics have led to the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP). Results from the first phase (PlioMIP1) showed clear El Niño variability (albeit significantly reduced) and did not show the greatly reduced time-mean zonal SST gradient suggested by some of the proxies. In this work, we study El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability in the PlioMIP2 ensemble, which consists of additional global coupled climate models and updated boundary conditions compared to PlioMIP1. We quantify ENSO amplitude, period, spatial structure and “flavour”, as well as the tropical Pacific annual mean state in mid-Pliocene and pre-industrial simulations. Results show a reduced ENSO amplitude in the model-ensemble mean (−24 %) with respect to the pre-industrial, with 15 out of 17 individual models showing such a reduction. Furthermore, the spectral power of this variability considerably decreases in the 3–4-year band. The spatial structure of the dominant empirical orthogonal function shows no particular change in the patterns of tropical Pacific variability in the model-ensemble mean, compared to the pre-industrial. Although the time-mean zonal SST gradient in the equatorial Pacific decreases for 14 out of 17 models (0.2 ∘C reduction in the ensemble mean), there does not seem to be a correlation with the decrease in ENSO amplitude. The models showing the most “El Niño-like” mean state changes show a similar ENSO amplitude to that in the pre-industrial reference, while models showing more “La Niña-like” mean state changes generally show a large reduction in ENSO variability. The PlioMIP2 results show a reasonable agreement with both time-mean proxies indicating a reduced zonal SST gradient and reconstructions indicating a reduced, or similar, ENSO variability.
EUREC4A's HALO
Authors: Konow Heike , Ewald Florian , George Geet , Jacob Marek , Klingebiel Marcus , Kölling Tobias , Luebke Anna E. , Mieslinger Theresa , Pörtge Veronika , Radtke Jule , Schäfer Michael , Schulz Hauke , Vogel Raphaela , Wirth Martin , Bony Sandrine , Crewell Susanne , Ehrlich André , Forster Linda , Giez Andreas , Gödde Felix , Groß Silke , Gutleben Manuel , Hagen Martin , Hirsch Lutz , Jansen Friedhelm , Lang Theresa , Mayer Bernhard , Mech Mario , Prange Marc , Schnitt Sabrina , Vial Jessica , Walbröl Andreas , Wendisch Manfred , Wolf Kevin , Zinner Tobias , Zöger Martin , Ament Felix , Stevens Bjorn
Published: December 2021

Abstract. As part of the EUREC4A (Elucidating the role of cloud–circulation coupling in climate) field campaign, the German research aircraft HALO (High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft), configured as a cloud observatory, conducted 15 research flights in the trade-wind region east of Barbados in January and February 2020. Narrative text, aircraft state data, and metadata describing HALO's operation during the campaign are provided. Each HALO research flight is segmented by timestamp intervals into standard elements to aid the consistent analysis of the flight data. Photographs from HALO's cabin and animated satellite images synchronized with flight tracks are provided to visually document flight conditions. As a comprehensive product from the remote sensing observations, a multi-sensor cloud mask product is derived and quantifies the incidence of clouds observed during the flights. In addition, to lower the threshold for new users of HALO's data, a collection of use cases is compiled into an online book, How to EUREC4A, included as an asset with this paper. This online book provides easy access to most of EUREC4A's HALO data through an intake catalogue. Code and data are freely available at the locations specified in Table 6.
Recalculation of error growth models' parameters for the ECMWF forecast system
Authors: Bednář Hynek , Raidl Aleš , Mikšovský Jiří
Published: December 2021

Abstract. This article provides a new estimate of error growth
models' parameters approximating predictability curves and their
differentials, calculated from data of the ECMWF forecast system over the
1986 to 2011 period. Estimates of the largest Lyapunov exponent are also
provided, along with model error and the limit value of the predictability
curve. The proposed correction is based on the ability of the Lorenz (2005) system to simulate the predictability curve of the ECMWF forecasting
system and on comparing the parameters estimated for both these systems, as
well as on comparison with the largest Lyapunov exponent (λ=0.35 d−1) and limit value of the predictability curve (E∞=8.2) of the Lorenz system. Parameters are calculated from the quadratic
model with and without model error, as well as by the logarithmic,
general, and hyperbolic tangent models. The average value of the
largest Lyapunov exponent is estimated to be in the < 0.32;
0.41 > d−1 range for the ECMWF forecasting system; limit
values of the predictability curves are estimated with lower theoretically
derived values, and a new approach for the calculation of model error based on
comparison of models is presented.
Pembuatan Air Purifier Dengan Air Sebagai Filter Untuk Kontrol Kesehatan Lingkungan
Authors: Hamsyani Furqaan , Hadidjah Kemala
Published: December 2021

Pencemaran udara diartikan dengan turunnya kualitas udara sehingga udara mengalami penurunan mutu dalam penggunaannya dan akhirnya tidak dapat dipergunakan lagi sebagai mana mestinya sesuai dengan fungsinya. Untuk mengetahui tingkat pencemaran udara diperlukan suatu alat sebagai pemantau kualitas udara. Perkembangan pesat dalam alat dan cara kerja air purifier dalam ruang lingkup yang meluas sehingga air purifier yang seharusnya bermanfaat bagi lingkungan namun dalam kenyataannya merusak lingkungan. Kebutuhan manusia yang besar dalam hal alat dan peralatan namun tidak mengetahui dasar dari alat air purifier yang dapat diterapkan dan dikembangkan dengan bahan dan cara yang sederhana.
PEMETAAN FASILITAS KESEHATAN BPJS KOTA SAMARINDA STUDI KASUS RUMAH SAKIT, PUSKESMAS, DAN KLINIK PRATAMA
Authors: Fadjuani Arsya Farky , Widyasasi Dyah , Kurniadin Nia , Prasetya F. V. Astrolabe Sian
Published: December 2021

Sebagai Ibukota Provinsi Kalimantan Timur Samarinda memiliki jumlah penduduk yang sangat besar. BPS (Badan Pusat Stastistik) Kota Samarinda menunjukan jumlah penduduk pada tahun 2020 mencapai 886.806 jiwa. Jumlah tersebut tersebar dalam 10 Kecamatan dan 59 Kelurahan.  Besarnya populasi manusia di Kota Samarinda mengakibatkan besar pula kebutuhan akan pelayanan fasilitas kesehatan khususnya Rumah Sakit, Puskesmas, dan Klinik Pratama di wilayah ini.  Demikinan pula kebutuhan akan ketersediaan fasilitas kesehatan yang bekerjasama dengan BPJS Kesehatan serta kemudahan akses informasi jenis layanan yang dicover oleh BPJS Kesehatan. Tujuan dari kegiatan penelitian ini yaitu untuk memetakan lokasi Rumah Sakit, Puskesmas, dan Klinik yang menyediakan layanan BPJS Kesehatan di Kota Samarinda. Metode yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengambilan data yang terdapat pada website BPJS Kesehatan, yang selanjutnya dilakukan pengambilan data koordinat dan data mengenai jenis layanan, informasi serta ketersediaan layanan BPJS yang terdapat pada fasilitas Kesehatan di Kota Samarinda. Data selanjutnya diolah menggunakan perangkat lunak SIG dengan hasil akhir berupa layout peta. Hasil pada penelitian ini menunjukan terdapat 12 dari 15 Rumah Sakit melayani pasien BPJS, 14 Puskesmas seluruhnya menyediakan layanan BPJS, serta 40 dari 49 Klinik melayani BPJS.
LIMBAH KAYU DAN KERTAS BEKAS UNTUK PULP KERTAS
Authors: Sarbin  , Iskandar  , Zarta Abdul Rasyid , Noorhamsyah  , Rajab Arini
Published: December 2021

His study aims to analyze the extent to which a mixture of wood waste and used newsprint can be used as raw material for making paper.This study used a completely randomized design with two replications. where the treatment given is a mixture composition between waste wood pulp and old newsprint pulp, each consisting of 0 : 100% (A), 30%  70% (B), 50% : 50% (C), 70% : 30% (D) and 100% : 0% (E) of oven-dry weight of pulp per sheet of paperThe physical properties of paper pulp tested in the form of tear index, tensile index, crack index and folding resistance significantly affect the composition of the mixture of wood waste and used newsprint.The value of tear index, tensile index and folding resistance tend to decrease with the increase in the percentage of used newsprint to the composition of the mixture, while the value of the crack index increases. Wood waste and used newsprint can be used as raw materials in pulp and paper manufacture, especially in the treatment of mixed composition C (50%:50%.)
Los alimentos en la Carta Filosófica Médico-Química de Juan de Cabriada
Authors: De la Cámara María Luisa
Published: December 2021

El presente trabajo proporciona una perspectiva epistemológica al tratamiento dado por Cabriada a los alimentos. Las referencias a los alimentos en la Carta Filosófica, Médico-Química (1687) son escasas pero relevantes. El examen crítico de los pasajes donde se mencionan determinados productos pone de manifiesto cuál es su interés epistémico para una medicina moderna. El lenguaje tradicional, que distinguía los «alimentos fríos y húmedos» de los «alimentos calientes y secos», deja paso al nuevo lenguaje físico-químico donde se habla de propiedades como la acidez y la salinidad asociadas al movimiento de los átomos y a su configuración. Los cambios afectan también a los remedios, que serán de carácter químico y a base de plantas americanas como la quinaquina. Pese a este cambio, Cabriada no rechaza la medicina antigua en bloque. El incorpora a Hipócrates, que preludia la observación y la experimentación modernas, y rechaza el galenismo tardío (oscuro y confuso) por estar plagado de términos subjetivos.
La elusiva actualidad del Barroco
Authors: Muinelo Eugenio
Published: December 2021

Con el dossier monográfico que aquí presentamos la revista Ingenium pretende ofrecer distintas perspectivas sobre ese complejísimo fenómeno histórico-cultural que llamamos Barroco. Pero hemos de matizar, antes de presentar cada una de las contribuciones aquí reunidas, que el objetivo del dossier es en cierto sentido doble: si bien por un lado, como decimos, a nivel explícito las aproximaciones al Barroco que encontrará el lector están determinadas por presupuestos y marcos teóricos diversos (aunque se den evidentes intersecciones entre algunos de ellos), y, por lo tanto, puede decirse que uno de los objetivos del dossier es el de proporcionar una mirada plural al Barroco; por otro lado, sin embargo, un objetivo adicional sería el de llamarnos la atención sobre la esencia radicalmente plural del Barroco mismo.
The importance of aminoguanidine and methylprednisolone administration in lung contusion after chest trauma
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN Fatih , AKDEMİR Hızır Ufuk , KATI Celal , DURAN Latif , GÜVENÇ Tolga
Published: December 2021

This study aims to evaluate the effect of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of aminoguanidine and metylprednisolone (MP) on lung tissue in a pulmonary contusion model of rats and evaluate whether their combined use improves treatment efficacy. This study included 35 female Sprague Dawley rats weighing 250-300 grams. The rats were divided into five groups as following: Sham; Pulmonary Contusion (PC); PC+MP, PC group treated with i.p methylprednisolone; PC+AG, PC group treated with i.p Aminoguanidine; and PC+AG+MP, PC group treated with Aminoguanidine and methylprednisolone. Each group had seven animals. Blood and lung tissues were studied biochemically and histopathologically. When compared groups according to serum levels of biomarkers, serum YKL-40, nitrate-nitrite, catalase, and TBARS levels were significant different. Serum YKL-40 levels were decreased after treatments in three groups. The serum YKL-40 levels in PC+AG group were lower than the other treatment groups, especially compared to PC + MP (p=0.028). Serum nitrate-nitrite levels were decreased in all treatment groups (PC+MP, PC+AG and PC+MP+AG). The lowest levels were measured in PC+MP+AG; but there was no statistically significant difference compared to PC group (p>0.05). Serum catalase levels were increased in all treatment groups. The higher levels were measured in PC+MP+AG than the other single treatment groups; however, PC+MP+AG and PC+MP were statistically significant different compared to PC group (p=0.001 and p=0.002 respectively). Serum TBARS levels were decreased in all treatment groups compared to Sham group (p<0.001) and PC group (p<0.001). The lowest levels were measured in PC+MP+AG compared to PC group (p<0.001). Histopathologic and immunohistochemical staining scores were decreased at all the treatment groups, especially PC+MP+AG. We suggest the use of combined treatment of methylprednisolone and aminoguanidine for the treatment of pulmonary contusion.
Histopathological effect of platelet-rich plasma on cranial dura mater defects
Authors: PAKSOY Kemal , AYDIN Kerameddin
Published: December 2021

There are many new studies in the selection of materials used in dura material repair. Platelet has important function in hemostasis and coagulation. Also, activated platelets initiate the wound healing process. They provide regeneration of tissue with the appropriate type of tissue. In this experimental study, we used platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on dura mater defect due to these properties. Materials and method: Our study started after we got the approval of Ondokuz Mayıs University Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee. Thirty Wistar Albino female rats were used. The rats were divided into three groups, each one includes ten. Results: No significant difference was observed in the thickness and surface areas of dura mater in group 1 and group 2. Significant increase was observed in the thickness and surface areas of dura mater in the PRP applied group (Group 3) compared to other groups. New bone areas and new vasculature were observed more frequently in the PRP rooms group (Group 3). Statistical analysis of the data was done by using SPSS 21.0 for Mac (IBM Corporation) statistical package program and based on 0.05 significance level. A significant difference was observed between Group 1 and Group 3 (p> 0.05), a significant difference was observed between both Group 1 and Group 3 and between Group 2 and Group 3 (p <0.05). Conclusion: Providing the regeneration of dura mater in defect situations will contribute to the protection of the barrier feature. In line with this idea, it is thought that PRP can be beneficial for us to reach this goal.
Evaluating the histopathological and mechanical effects of a new forceps design: comparison of hemispheric bipolar forceps tip with usual bipolar tip on fresh cadaver cattle brain model
Authors: ALTUN Adnan , ÇOKLUK Cengiz
Published: December 2021

Without electrocautery, many modern surgical interventions are practically impossible. In neurosurgery, bipolar cautery forceps has been evolved to not only be an auxiliary, but as a principal instrument wielded by the dominant hand of the surgeon to navigate through the most delicate tissue that there is. The purpose of this study is to introduce our original bipolar forceps designed exclusively for microneurosurgical interventions and compare its feasibility with a standard bipolar forceps tip. This study has been conducted on two fresh cadaveric cow brains under the operating microscope. The coagulative and ablative effects of the hemispheric bipolar forceps tip (HBFT) have been histologically compared with those of the standard bipolar forceps tip (SBFT). Likewise, their efficacies as a dissection instruments have been compared via performing dissections from the parietal surface down to the corpus callosum. HBFT proved less traumatic to the uninvolved brain tissue during dissection. Also, histological analyses have revealed that ablative effects of the HBFT are more confined to the bleeding point, more effectively sparing the uninvolved brain tissue. Results of this experimental study suggest that HBFT is a better instrument to be used in microneurosurgical interventions, along with other surgical disciplines where selective diathermy is critical.
Information and behaviors of patients applying to chest diseases outpatient clinic regarding rational use of drugs
Authors: ZORLU Duygu , ÜNLÜ Gülhan
Published: December 2021

Rational Drug Use (RUD), which aims to use drugs, when necessary, in the appropriate amount and in an appropriate way, is required from the physician with the rational choice of drugs and prescribing; health policies cover a process that includes other individuals in the society, pharmacists, healthcare professionals and consists of many steps, from the conscious and correct consumption of drugs to the patient. In determining RUD, it is important to reveal the knowledge and behavioral characteristics of individuals at these stages. Irrational drug use is one of the major health problems in developing countries, including our country. In our study, it was aimed to evaluate the patient parameter in RUD. For this purpose, it was tried to determine the knowledge and behaviors of the patients who applied to Chest Diseases outpatient clinic for any reason. This descriptive study was carried out with 163 volunteers who applied to the 3rd Stage Health Institution Chest Diseases Policlinic due to any respiratory symptoms. The data were obtained by face-to-face descriptive questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 16 questions about the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients and their knowledge and behavior regarding drug use. The response rates and compliance with the RUD were evaluated. According to the analysis results, most of the patients were between the ages of 51-64 and primary school graduates (n = 71, 43.6%). The number of female patients was 80 (49.1%) and the number of male patients was 83 (50.9%), and the distribution of patients was found to be similar in terms of gender. 33.1% of the patients prescribed medication and kept them at home without being sick, thinking that it might be necessary, and most of these drugs were pain relievers (29.4%). Only 10.4% were taking medication or demanding a prescription from their doctor with the advice of their neighbors and / or relatives. 11.1% of them used antibiotics on their own, without being examined due to complaints such as flu, cold, and cold. In our study, the characteristics of knowledge and behavior in accordance with RUD were determined to the patient who applied to the chest diseases outpatient clinic. Rational drug use is very important in terms of preventing unnecessary national expense, side effects, adverse effects, and decreasing mortality and morbidity. In order to raise the awareness of individuals on drug use in the society; Health policy, healthcare professionals, media and educators have important responsibilities.
Prospective observational study of the endotracheal intubation complications in Emergency Department
Authors: TAŞ Gökhan , ALGIN Abdullah , ÖZDEMİR Serdar , ERDOĞAN Mehmet Özgür
Published: December 2021

Endotracheal intubation is the gold standard intervention for emergency airway management. Complications related to endotracheal intubation are numerous and frequent. Complications were identified as being related to endotracheal intubation in our study: hypoxia, hypotension, dysrhythmia, cardiac arrest, hypertension, tachycardia, bradycardia, regurgitation and aspiration of stomach contents, endobronchial intubation, and incorrect positioning of the endotracheal tube in either the esophagus or hypopharynx. The study included 186 patients that were over 18 and intubated. The complication rate associated with endotracheal intubation was found to be over 50%. Patients included in our prospective, observational study were all initially evaluated in our ED. A survey was filled out at a time as soon as possible after intubation to record the personnel in charge of intubation, details of the procedure, and hemodynamic changes and complications. Our study found that the following factors were associated with increased rates of complication in intubated patients: history of acute renal failure, history of cancer, GCS < 8, midazolam use during intubation, history of trauma, crash intubation, history of shock, history of cardiac arrest, resident with <1 year of experience carrying out the intubation, residents with 2+ years of experience and specialists carrying out the intubation, history of respiratory failure, and patient age <65. To better understand which patients were likely to be affected by complications associated with intubation, as well as to understand which precautions to take, this study aims to investigate the aggravating factors and complication rates of endotracheal intubation.
A rare case: Covid-19 infection diagnosed by transthoracic fine needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: ŞAHİN ÖZDEMİREL Tuğçe , AKKURT Esma Sevil , ERTAN Özlem , NOMENOĞLU Hakan , KAYA Sadi , AKINCI ÖZYÜREK Berna
Published: December 2021

Covid 19 is an acute respiratory disease caused by a novel type of Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that was first detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province of China. Its most common symptoms are fever, cough, and weakness; and in the early stages, there may not be findings on chest computed tomography. In pulmonary involvement, peripheral ground-glass areas, a cobblestone appearance, consolidated areas, and interlobular septal thickening, which are usually prominent in the lower lobes may be seen in thorax computed tomography. Consolidation, solid nodules, halo sign, inverted halo sign, vascular enlargement, subpleural line, air bronchograms, and bronchiectasis are other less common findings. In our case, we aimed to present our 69 years old female patient with bilateral nodular densities on thoracic CT and transthoracic fine-needle aspiration biopsy result was reported as lesions compatible with interstitial fibrosis due to Covid-19 inflammation.
The investigation survey of inguinal hernia operation techniques preferred by pediatric surgeons in Turkey
Authors: BAHADIR Kutay , SERTTÜRK Fırat , ERGÜN Ergun , GÖLLÜ Gülnur , EVİN Ege , ÇAKMAK Murat , ATEŞ Ufuk
Published: December 2021

In inguinal hernia, standard procedure has been considered open repair for a long time, the number of pediatric surgeons who prefer laparoscopic techniques is increasing day by day. In this study, it was aimed to determine how pediatric surgeons in our country approach patients with inguinal hernia and manage the treatment process. Controversial issues on inguinal hernia repair were identified and a questionnaire was prepared to reveal the current situation. The questionnaire was delivered to members of Turkish Association of Pediatric Surgery on the official website of the association. The survey was directed to 420 people, 92 people returned with the answers to the questionnaire. Thirty-six of the surgeons prefer the laparoscopic method for inguinal hernia repair. The reason for choosing open surgery was questioned, the most frequent answer was to be more experienced and to have more cumulative knowledge on open repair method. According to survey, the greatest advantage of laparoscopy was stated to be the better evaluation of the contralateral inguinal canal (n=16, %44.4). Twelve of surgeons who performed laparoscopic treatment in the selection of patients stated that gender is important and prefer laparoscopic surgery for female patients. Thirty percent (n = 11) of the participants stated that they prefer laparoscopy in patients between 3 months and 13 years old, while the rest prefer laparoscopy at all ages. In conclusion thirty nine percent of surgeons in Turkey prefer laparoscopic repair. Open repair is still preferred in our country. There is still no consensus on perfect method and patient selection yet.
Undo Caves Multi-staged Karstic System and Temporary Camp of the Neanderthal Hunters
Authors:   Department of Arts and Sciences, Ilia State University, Tushabramishvili Nikoloz
Published: December 2021

In Georgia, a strong foundation for scientific study of this period was developed in 1930-ies. Since then more than 500 Paleolithic sites were identified The frequency of paleolithic sites on the territory of Georgia was determined by geographic position of Georgia itself, as it is situated at the crossroads of Africa, Asia and Europe According to some archaeologists the archaeological evidence demonstrates the different local-cultural groups. Despite the small territory we have at least 5 local-cultural versions in the Middle Palaeolithic singled out with us four out of which are represented in the Rioni-Kvirila basin (Fig ). Most quantity of levallois industries were recovered in Imereti region (Western Georgia). 1. Drouchula,-Kudaro Local-cultural group.Mousterian assemblages characterized by blades and elongated points, as recovered in Drouchula, Tsona,Kudaro and other sites, resemble the “Tabun D-type” and Hummallian entities in the Levant.Unfortunatly, we have not the dates from this sites, but we assume that they are younger than Levantian “Tabun-D type”; at the same time, this industry has some similarities with the Northern-Caucasus Miqoqian industries , as well. 2. Tsutskhvati caves Local-cultural group. Multi-stage cave system characterized by the industry which resemble the Zagros region, but there are some differences-the non-Levalloias industry of Tsutskhvati is denticulated; 3. Tskaltsitela local-cultural group- Levalloiasian, denticulated industry (by M.Nioradze); 4. Tsopi Local-cultural.The industry of Tsopi site differs from above mentioned sites by the high quantity of the tools of Quina and Demi-Quina type; 5. Tskhinvali local-cultural group (according to v. Lubin)-Levalois, Unretouched industry. Another type of industry is represented I Ortvala Klde, Djieti open-air site etc.- Mousterian assemblages such as in Ortvala Klde demonstrates similarities with the Middle Paleolithic industries of Anatolia, the Zagros region-recurrent Levallois big number of the convergent tools. Most of the local-cultural groups and the sites are discovered in Western Georgia (Imereti Region) A first evidence of the Middle Paleolithic hunters temporary camp which, possibly has been used as place for some kind of rituals and where is represented a first evidence of the cave rock-art in Georgia has been determined in Rion-Kvirila basin as well. This is a cave-site named “Undo Cave”. Recently, we discovered some other cave-sites near Undo Cave. This fact gave a reason to consider Undo Cave as a one of the caves of Multi-staged cave system which doesn’t belong to any above mentioned groups.
EL PROCEDIMIENTO DISCIPLINARIO PARA LA IMPOSICIÓN DE SANCIONES POR FALTAS LEVES.
Authors: Díaz de Prado Fausto
Published: December 2021

En el seno del procedimiento disciplinario para la imposición de las sanciones por faltas leves cometidas por los funcionarios, existe una diversidad de normativa que puede plantear numerosos problemas en relación a diversos aspectos legales, tales como los principios aplicables, el propio procedimiento, los plazos, la caducidad, etc. que han suscitado no pocas dudas a la hora de mantener una posición homogénea en la instrucción y tramitación de los mismos por parte de la Inspección educativa. El presente estudio intenta aportar mayor claridad sobre la cobertura legal relativa a los principios y el procedimiento a seguir en la tramitación de los procedimientos disciplinarios iniciados para las faltas leves, indicando las respuestas que ofrecen al respecto la normativa, la jurisprudencia y la doctrina mayoritaria.También se analizará en este estudio el impacto que ha tenido en el tema planteado la entrada en vigor de la Ley 39/2015, de 1 de octubre, del Procedimiento Administrativo Comúnde las Administraciones Públicas, asícomo la Ley 40/2015, de 1 de octubre, de Régimen Jurídico del Sector Público.
REGULACIÓN EDUCATIVA Y COVID-19: UN PROCESO EN MARCHA
Authors: Fernández González Eva María
Published: December 2021

Ofrecer un entorno escolar seguro y paliar los efectos del COVID-19 en Educación, es el reto al que Gobierno y Comunidades Autónomas se enfrentan en los inicios del curso 2020-21. En esta dirección, el Ministerio ha planteado unas líneas generales de actuación sobre la organización pedagógica a seguir en el curso 2020-21, fijadas en la Conferencia Sectorial celebrada el 11 de junio de 2020 y en la “Guía de Medidas de Prevención, Higiene y Promoción de la Salud para Centros Curso Escolar 2020-21” publicada el pasado 22 de junio. Previo al inicio de curso, con apoyo a estas indicaciones ministeriales, todas las Comunidades Autónomas han marcado las pautas para que los centros escolares, en base a la autonomía que la norma les confiere, diseñen y pongan en marcha un plan de actuación recogiendo medidas organizativas y de atención al alumnado. En este estudio se presentan las principales medidas implementadas por las Administraciones Educativas analizadas desde cuatro ámbitos: protección y salud en los centros educativos, organización en los centros educativos, medidas para abordar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, situación y medidas respecto a la utilización de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (TICs).
Analisis Persoalan dan Solusi Keberlanjutan UKM: Studi Kasus pada Usaha Karyawan PHK di Kota Balikpapan
Authors: Finanto Hasto , Handasary Dessy , Ismawanto Totok , Ghozi Saiful
Published: December 2021

Artikel ini memberikan analisis  situasi dan kebutuhan solusi kepada usaha yang didirikan oleh karyawan yang kena dampak PHK. Usaha yang didirikan merupakan usaha baru yang masuk kategori Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM). Usaha yang didirikan oleh mitra tersebut sejauh ini tidak berjalan dengan baik karena tidak menghasilkan cashflow yang stabil. Bahkan mitra mengeluhkan masih merugi. Banyak produksi yang dipasarkan mengalamai return karena system penjualanny masih sistem titip di warung/ toko  dan tidak laku. Solusi yang diajukan terbagi dalam beberapa hal, yaitu  manajerial, akses permodalan, dan implentasi teknologi pemasaran. Analisis eksplorasi dan dokumentasi tawaran solusi sesuai kondisi mitra saat pengambilan data. Oleh karena itu tingkat kebutuhan solusi dapat sewaktu- waktu berubah sesuai dinamika di lapangan.
Are there Pre-Variscan bedded cherts of endogenous origin in Bulgaria?
Authors: Boncheva Iliana , Sachanski Valeri , Andreeva Polina , Stoylkova Tanya , Georgieva Milena
Published: December 2021

Geochemical studies of different Paleozoic intervals composed of bedded cherts, revealed in the western parts of the Srednogorie and Morava-Rhodope zones are presented: Saltar Fm; the lower and middle part of Katina Fm; the lowest part of Parchar Fm, and Tumba Fm. To determine whether the different bedded cherts intervals are hydrothermally affected, triangular diagrams of the A-F-Mn ratio were used. The low content of Fe compared to Al gives grounds to claim that the Pre-Varisian Paleozoic bedded cherts in Bulgaria are not associated with endogenous processes.
Deception Detection Tests: A Subdued Investigating Tool
Authors: M Senthil Kumaran , Sarma Bedanta , S Arun Kumar
Published: December 2021

The increasing demand to dispose of the cases swiftly, police often resort to third-degree methods to extract information from the individual; and in the process violate the fundamental rights to life and personal liberty stated under article 21 of the constitution of India. With the development of science and technology quickly eliciting the information is possible by adopting methods of polygraph, brain mapping, and narco analysis. In the past various experts, committees and judgements in courts have recommended these technologies to be used. Though there is a demand, it also raises serious legal, ethical and medical issues. Through this article we attempted to analyze the issues from various angles, and should take steps in the future to implement them.

Keywords: Deception Detection Test (DDT), polygraph, brain mapping, narco analysis.