bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DELEUZE, GUATTARI, AND APULEIUS: METAMORPHOSES OF MINOR LITERATURE
Authors: Krebs Assaf
Published: February 2021

Despite this paper's title it is only fair to warn the curious reader that it is not about reading Apuleius’ Metamorphoses, or using modern theory to better understand it. At least this is not its main intention. Instead, my wish is to experiment with the Metamorphoses, to wander inside it, to move from the actual to the virtual and the potential; to explore how things connect, proliferate, intensify—rather than learn how they actually are. The paper wishes to provide the readers means whereby they can experience the Metamorphoses, rather than examine categories of genres, style, or mode that lead to interpretation of the text. In other words, this paper addresses the Metamorphoses as Deleuze and Guattari do in their reading of Kafka's work in Kafka: Toward a Minor Literature. It focuses on modes of becomings, motions of desire, operating machines, assemblages, and language. According to Deleuze and Guattari, minor literature demonstrates literature's ability to challenge the major order, to undermine the doxa, to unstitch the seam between signifier and signified. It breaks forms and encourages ruptures and new routes, which forces reconstruction of content in new ways. It produces lines of flight, flows, streams, ramifications, and junctions instead of immobile paradigms and moulds; it prefers multiple centres to a centre and periphery; it relinquishes principles of unity for the benefit of experiencing multiplicity. Minor literature therefore is a political action containing the possibility of subverting the major order governed by structures of language, fixed and steady position, and state apparatuses.
BEYOND THE HUMAN CONDITION: DURATION AND VIRTUALITY IN HERACLITUS
Authors: Ellis Richard
Published: February 2021

Gilles Deleuze's engagement with Heraclitus is long-standing, going back to his early work on Nietzsche, and persisting through the collaborative volumes produced with Félix Guattari in which Heraclitus becomes a key exemplar of their own philosophical method, whereby thought and nature are said to fold into one another in creative configurations. For Deleuze, as before him for Nietzsche, Heraclitus’ conception of universal becoming and of the constitutive flows across codes—be they ontological, epistemological, political, or ethical—demands a radical re-evaluation of the place of the human in time, and of the boundaries of subjectivity. Elsewhere, Deleuze states that the very meaning of philosophy is ‘to go beyond the human condition’ by opening us up to the other durations—inhuman and superhuman—with which, and by which, we are disclosed. A further key interlocutor here is Henri Bergson, whose work on time as duration, with psychological and ontological import, is central to the development of many of Deleuze's philosophical positions, including those subsequently nuanced by his work with Félix Guattari. Before attempting to map the plane of affiliations upon which these thinkers move, it is necessary to begin from Heraclitus’ own words on philosophical method and the opposition he draws between the correct, though elusive, practice of νόος (‘thought’, ‘understanding’) and the inadequate model of πολυμαθίη (‘much learning’) adopted by his intellectual predecessors.
“Motherhood Is Beautiful”: Maternalism in the West German New Women's Movement between Eroticization and Ecological Protest
Authors: Schmacks Yanara
Published: February 2021

This article traces changing conceptions of maternalism in the West German New Women's Movement from the early 1970s to the late 1980s. I argue that there were two moments in which the concept of motherhood was heatedly discussed and transformed. First, from the mid-1970s onward and within the broader cultural currents of “New Inwardness” (Neue Innerlichkeit) and “New Sensuality” (Neue Sinnlichkeit)—both of which permeated the New Left—motherhood became sensualized, eroticized, and sexualized. Second, these trends were intensified and at the same time drawn into new directions after the 1986 Chernobyl catastrophe. For while the focus on female corporeality was consolidated, a growing ecofeminist strand successfully reimagined motherhood as tightly bound to nature and life itself. Serving also as a means to deal with the Nazi past, this late 1980s conception of motherhood was marked by a more pessimistic, even apocalyptic outlook.
Cunning Passages: Historiography's Ways in and out of the Nuremberg Courtroom
Authors: Priemel Kim Christian
Published: February 2021

Starting out from the question of how history and law relate to each other, the article traces the influence of historical interpretations in the making of the Nuremberg Trials, taking these as examples for transitional trials more generally. In trying to explain Germany's apparently aberrant historical evolution, special-path explanations forged by historians gained in prominence after 1933. Several schools of historical thought proved particularly influential, among them the Namierites in Britain, the Andler-Vermeil school of Pangermanism in France, and the so-called Kehrites who emigrated from Germany to the US. These ideas then traveled to Nuremberg where they informed the prosecutors’ understanding of German history, leaving a discernible impact on the trials’ design and dynamics. In Nuremberg's aftermath, these trial narratives would come to inform influential strands in postwar historiography, with the special path both enjoying popularity and inviting heavy criticism to the present day.
Planar and non-planar nucleus-acoustic solitary waves in warm degenerate multi-nucleus plasmas
Authors: Mamun A. A. , Akter J.
Published: February 2021

A warm degenerate plasma (containing ultra-relativistically or non-relativistically warm degenerate inertia-less electron species, non-relativistically warm degenerate inertial light nucleus species and stationary heavy nucleus species) is considered. The basic features of planar and non-planar solitary structures associated with the degenerate pressure-driven nucleus-acoustic waves propagating in such a warm degenerate plasma system are investigated. The reductive perturbation method, which is valid for small- but finite-amplitude solitary waves, is used. It is found that the effects of non-planar cylindrical and spherical geometries, non- and ultra-relativistically degenerate electron species and the temperature of degenerate electron species significantly modify the basic features (i.e. speed, amplitude and width) of the solitary potential structures associated with degenerate pressure-driven nucleus-acoustic waves. The warm degenerate plasma model under consideration is applicable not only to all cold white dwarfs, but also to many hot white dwarfs, such as DQ white dwarfs, white dwarf H1504+65, white dwarf PG 0948+534, etc.
Hydrophobic interactions control the self-assembly of DNA and cellulose
Authors: Lindman Björn , Medronho Bruno , Alves Luís , Norgren Magnus , Nordenskiöld Lars
Published: February 2021

Desoxyribosenucleic acid, DNA, and cellulose molecules self-assemble in aqueous systems. This aggregation is the basis of the important functions of these biological macromolecules. Both DNA and cellulose have significant polar and nonpolar parts and there is a delicate balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions. The hydrophilic interactions related to net charges have been thoroughly studied and are well understood. On the other hand, the detailed roles of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions have remained controversial. It is found that the contributions of hydrophobic interactions in driving important processes, like the double-helix formation of DNA and the aqueous dissolution of cellulose, are dominating whereas the net contribution from hydrogen bonding is small. In reviewing the roles of different interactions for DNA and cellulose it is useful to compare with the self-assembly features of surfactants, the simplest case of amphiphilic molecules. Pertinent information on the amphiphilic character of cellulose and DNA can be obtained from the association with surfactants, as well as on modifying the hydrophobic interactions by additives.
Dual Adaptive Neural Network Controller for Underactuated Systems
Authors: Zabihifar Seyed Hassan , Navvabi Hamed , Yushchenko Arkady Semenovich
Published: February 2021

A new stable adaptive controller based on a neural network for underactuated systems is proposed in this paper. The control scheme has been developed for two underactuated systems as examples. The Furuta pendulum and the Inertia Wheel Pendulum (IWP) have been examined in this paper. The presented approach aims to address the control problem of the given system in swing up, stabilization, and disturbance rejection. To avoid oscillations, two adaptive neural networks (ANNs) are implemented. The first one is used to approximate the equivalent control online and the second one to minimize the oscillations.
Pharmacological interventions to reduce violence in patients with schizophrenia in forensic psychiatry
Authors: Reisegger Andreas , Slamanig Rudolf , Winkler Hildegard , de Girolamo Giovanni , Carrà Giuseppe , Crocamo Cristina , Gosek Pawel , Heitzman Janusz , Salize Hans Joachim , Picchioni Marco , Wancata Johannes
Published: February 2021

Background

The purpose was to systematically investigate which pharmacological strategies are effective to reduce the risk of violence among patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD) in forensic settings.

Methods

For this systematic review six electronic data bases were searched. Two researchers independently screened the 6,003 abstracts resulting in 143 potential papers. These were then analyzed in detail by two independent researchers. Of these, 133 were excluded for various reasons leaving 10 articles in the present review.

Results

Of the 10 articles included, five were merely observational, and three were pre-post studies without controls. One study applied a matched case-control design and one was a non-randomized controlled trial. Clozapine was investigated most frequently, followed by olanzapine and risperidone. Often, outcome measures were specific to the study and sample sizes were small. Frequently, relevant methodological information was missing. Due to heterogeneous study designs and outcomes meta-analytic methods could not be applied.

Conclusion

Due to substantial methodological limitations it is difficult to draw any firm conclusions about the most effective pharmacological strategies to reduce the risk of violence in patents with SSD in forensic psychiatry settings. Studies applying more rigorous methods regarding case-definition, outcome measures, sample sizes, and study designs are urgently needed.
A clinician’s guide for navigating the world of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medications
Authors: Mattingly Gregory W. , Young Joel
Published: February 2021

Once considered a condition of hyperactive boys, our knowledge and understanding of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and has dramatically evolved.1 Landmark studies by Biederman, Kessler, Faraone, and others have changed and deepened our understanding of ADHD to include a condition which not only affects boys but quite often affects girls.1–5 The evolution of symptoms across the lifespan and the concomitant neurologic changes which underlie this symptomatic expression has similarly evolved.6 Studies by Dalsgaard and others have brought to light the significantly increased morbidity and mortality associated with preschoolers, children, and adults struggling with ADHD and associated conditions.7,8
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Ocean dynamic equations with the real gravity
Authors: Chu Peter C.
Published: February 2021

Two different treatments in ocean dynamics are found between the gravity and pressure gradient force. Vertical component is 5–6 orders of magnitude larger than horizontal components for the pressure gradient force in large-scale motion, and for the gravity in any scale motion. The horizontal pressure gradient force is considered as a dominant force in oceanic motion from planetary to small scales. However, the horizontal gravity is omitted in oceanography completely. A non-dimensional C number (ratio between the horizontal gravity and the Coriolis force) is used to identify the importance of horizontal gravity in the ocean dynamics. Unexpectedly large C number with the global mean around 24 is obtained using the community datasets of the marine geoid height and ocean surface currents. New large-scale ocean dynamic equations with the real gravity are presented such as hydrostatic balance, geostrophic equilibrium, thermal wind, equipotential coordinate system, and vorticity equation.
Plk1, upregulated by HIF-2, mediates metastasis and drug resistance of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Dufies Maeva , Verbiest Annelies , Cooley Lindsay S. , Ndiaye Papa Diogop , He Xingkang , Nottet Nicolas , Souleyreau Wilfried , Hagege Anais , Torrino Stephanie , Parola Julien , Giuliano Sandy , Borchiellini Delphine , Schiappa Renaud , Mograbi Baharia , Zucman-Rossi Jessica , Bensalah Karim , Ravaud Alain , Auberger Patrick , Bikfalvi Andréas , Chamorey Emmanuel , Rioux-Leclercq Nathalie , Mazure Nathalie M. , Beuselinck Benoit , Cao Yihai , Bernhard Jean Christophe , Ambrosetti Damien , Pagès Gilles
Published: February 2021

Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) expression is inversely correlated with survival advantages in many cancers. However, molecular mechanisms that underlie Plk1 expression are poorly understood. Here, we uncover a hypoxia-regulated mechanism of Plk1-mediated cancer metastasis and drug resistance. We demonstrated that a HIF-2-dependent regulatory pathway drives Plk1 expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Mechanistically, HIF-2 transcriptionally targets the hypoxia response element of the Plk1 promoter. In ccRCC patients, high expression of Plk1 was correlated to poor disease-free survival and overall survival. Loss-of-function of Plk1 in vivo markedly attenuated ccRCC growth and metastasis. High Plk1 expression conferred a resistant phenotype of ccRCC to targeted therapeutics such as sunitinib, in vitro, in vivo, and in metastatic ccRCC patients. Importantly, high Plk1 expression was defined in a subpopulation of ccRCC patients that are refractory to current therapies. Hence, we propose a therapeutic paradigm for improving outcomes of ccRCC patients.
A human model of Batten disease shows role of CLN3 in phagocytosis at the photoreceptor–RPE interface
Authors: Tang Cynthia , Han Jimin , Dalvi Sonal , Manian Kannan , Winschel Lauren , Volland Stefanie , Soto Celia A. , Galloway Chad A. , Spencer Whitney , Roll Michael , Milliner Caroline , Bonilha Vera L. , Johnson Tyler B. , Latchney Lisa , Weimer Jill M. , Augustine Erika F. , Mink Jonathan W. , Gullapalli Vamsi K. , Chung Mina , Williams David S. , Singh Ruchira
Published: February 2021

Mutations in CLN3 lead to photoreceptor cell loss in CLN3 disease, a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by childhood-onset vision loss, neurological impairment, and premature death. However, how CLN3 mutations cause photoreceptor cell death is not known. Here, we show that CLN3 is required for phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segment (POS) by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, a cellular process essential for photoreceptor survival. Specifically, a proportion of CLN3 in human, mouse, and iPSC-RPE cells localized to RPE microvilli, the site of POS phagocytosis. Furthermore, patient-derived CLN3 disease iPSC-RPE cells showed decreased RPE microvilli density and reduced POS binding and ingestion. Notably, POS phagocytosis defect in CLN3 disease iPSC-RPE cells could be rescued by wild-type CLN3 gene supplementation. Altogether, these results illustrate a novel role of CLN3 in regulating POS phagocytosis and suggest a contribution of primary RPE dysfunction for photoreceptor cell loss in CLN3 disease that can be targeted by gene therapy.
Piezomagnetic switching and complex phase equilibria in uranium dioxide
Authors: Antonio Daniel J. , Weiss Joel T. , Shanks Katherine S. , Ruff Jacob P. C. , Jaime Marcelo , Saul Andres , Swinburne Thomas , Salamon Myron , Shrestha Keshav , Lavina Barbara , Koury Daniel , Gruner Sol M. , Andersson David A. , Stanek Christopher R. , Durakiewicz Tomasz , Smith James L. , Islam Zahirul , Gofryk Krzysztof
Published: February 2021

Actinide materials exhibit strong spin–lattice coupling and electronic correlations, and are predicted to host new emerging ground states. One example is piezomagnetism and magneto-elastic memory effect in the antiferromagnetic Mott-Hubbard insulator uranium dioxide, though its microscopic nature is under debate. Here, we report X-ray diffraction studies of oriented uranium dioxide crystals under strong pulsed magnetic fields. In the antiferromagnetic state a [888] Bragg diffraction peak follows the bulk magnetostriction that expands under magnetic fields. Upon reversal of the field the expansion turns to contraction, before the [888] peak follows the switching effect and piezomagnetic ‘butterfly’ behaviour, characteristic of two structures connected by time reversal symmetry. An unexpected splitting of the [888] peak is observed, indicating the simultaneous presence of time-reversed domains of the 3-k structure and a complex magnetic-field-induced evolution of the microstructure. These findings open the door for a microscopic understanding of the piezomagnetism and magnetic coupling across strong magneto-elastic interactions.
Benzylidene succinimides as 3C synthons for the asymmetric tandem Mannich reaction/transamidation of cyclic trifluoromethyl ketimines to obtain F3C-containing polycyclic dihydroquinazolinones
Authors: Zhang Xia-Yan , Dou Pei-Hao , Lu Wen-Ya , You Yong , Zhao Jian-Qiang , Wang Zhen-Hua , Yuan Wei-Cheng
Published: February 2021

Taking benzylidene succinimides as a new class of 3C synthons, a highly diastereo- and enantioselective tandem Mannich reaction/transamidation has been established by reacting them with cyclic trifluoromethyl N-acyl ketimines.
The effect of ammonia and formic acid on the oxidation of CO via a simple Criegee intermediate
Authors: Kumar Amit , Kumar Pradeep
Published: February 2021

In the present work, we have investigated the effect of catalysts (ammonia, formic acid, ammonia dimer, and ammonia water complex) on the oxidation of CO via a simple Criegee intermediate by means of kinetics and quantum chemical calculations.
On the origin of the electron accumulation layer at clean InAs(111) surfaces
Authors: Vrubel Ivan I. , Yudin Dmitry , Pervishko Anastasiia A.
Published: February 2021

We address the electronic properties of bulk InAs and clean InAs(111) surfaces using DFT+U method. On the basis of optimized atomic surfaces we recover STM images and propose a possible explanation for the electron accumulation layer generation.
Shock wave and modelling study of the dissociation kinetics of C2F5I
Authors: Cobos C. J. , Sölter L. , Tellbach E. , Troe J.
Published: February 2021

The thermal dissociation of C2F5I was studied in shock waves monitoring UV absorption signals from the reactant C2F5I and later formed reaction products such as CF, CF2, and C2F4.
Synergistic catalysis of imidazole acetate ionic liquids for the methanolysis of spiral poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) under a mild condition
Authors: Qu Xiaoling , Zhou Guangyuan , Wang Rui , Yuan Bolei , Jiang Min , Tang Jun
Published: February 2021

Methanolysis of PEF which has weak crystallization induced by the inherent angle of 129.4° between the carboxylates on the furan ring, can proceed under a mild condition through the synergistic catalysis of [BMIm][OAc].
SERS detection and comprehensive study of p-nitrophenol: towards pesticide sensing
Authors: Hostert Leandro , Blanc Christophe , Zarbin Aldo J. G. , Anglaret Eric , Orth Elisa S.
Published: February 2021

Pesticide sensing is an important object of study due to its increasing use worldwide.
Synthesis of new representatives of 11,12-dihydro-5H-5,11-epoxybenzo[7,8]oxocino[4,3-b]pyridines – structural analogues ofintegrastatins A, B
Authors: Kulakov Ivan V. , Stalinskaya Alena L. , Chikunov Semyon Y. , Gatilov Yuri V.
Published: February 2021

The reaction of 3,5-diacetyl-2,6-dimethylpyridine with substituted salicylic aldehydes leads to the formation of the epoxybenzooxocine ring. Oxidation of the methylene group with H2SeO3opens ways to obtaining structural analogs of naturalintegrastatins A,B.
Selective sensing of DNA and live/dead cells and histological imaging based on a perylene derivative
Authors: Wang Jun-Fang , Zhao Chun-Miao , Yang Jian-Xing , He Xu , Li Xiao-Liu , Li Jin-Mei , Wang Ke-Rang
Published: February 2021

Highly selective binding to double-stranded DNA molecules, potent live/dead cell imaging, and histological imaging using both confocal and light microscopies based on a perylene monoimide derivative were developed.
Retraction: Determination of cadmium in rice using nanoparticle-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with film preparation
Authors: Niu Jinming , Lu Jingqi , Xu Feng
Published: February 2021

Retraction of ‘Determination of cadmium in rice using nanoparticle-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with film preparation’ by Jinming Niu et al., J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2020, 35, 2990–2996, DOI: 10.1039/D0JA00354A.
Investigation of Au/Co3O4nanocomposites in glycol oxidation by tailoring Co3O4morphology
Authors: Wei Xuejiao , Barkaoui Sami , Chen Jingwen , Cao Guiping , Wu Zeying , Wang Fei , Li Gao
Published: February 2021

The surface oxygen vacancies and intrinsic defects on Au-Co3O4{111} are responsible for the high catalytic behavior in catalyzing glycol oxidation.
Transformation of LPG to light olefins on composite HZSM-5/SAPO-5
Authors: Wang Kangzhou , Zhang Jianli , Fan Subing , Peng Xiaobo , Tsubaki Noritatsu , Zhao Tian-Sheng
Published: February 2021

A relationship between acidity and catalytic performance is established to promote the production of propylene and the P/E ratio.
Hemicellulose-triggered high-yield synthesis of carbon dots from biomass
Authors: Wu Ying , Li Yadong , Pan Xiaoqin , Hu Chaofan , Zhuang Jianle , Zhang Xuejie , Lei Bingfu , Liu Yingliang
Published: February 2021

Biomass is a major resource for the preparation of carbon dots (CDs) and improving the production yield of CDs is a challenge. Herein, we select corn cobs to prepare CDs with a production yield as high as 55%. Such a high yield derives from the high content of hemicellulose and extremely low lignin content in corn cobs.
MNSRQ: Mobile node social relationship quantification algorithm for data transmission in Internet of things
Authors: Xu Yue , Chen Zhi Gang , Wu Jia , Yu Genghua
Published: February 2021

The rapid development of the Internet of things has led to the explosive development of data in various fields. Traditional routing protocols cannot effectively handle the reception and transmission of data. This makes it difficult to exchange and transmit information in the Internet of things. Therefore, the choice of data transmission methods is particularly important. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a data transmission mechanism based on social relationships, namely, the mobile node social relationship quantification (MNSRQ) algorithm, which analyses the social relationship characteristics of mobile nodes in the Internet of things, extracts decision‐making features to study the dynamics of social relationship, then combines information entropy and fuzzy clustering theory to quantify the social relationship, and then selects the relay node with strong social relationship for data transmission. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the performance of the MNSRQ algorithm is better than previous studies. Compared with epidemic algorithm, ICMT algorithm, spray and wait algorithm, and EIMST algorithm, the MNSRQ algorithm can reduce end‐to‐end transmission delay and routing overhead while maintaining the life of the network, effectively reduce energy consumption during transmission, and maintain a high data transmission success rate, with a transmission success rate of 0.7–0.9.
A new measurement of the Hubble constant using Type Ia supernovae calibrated with surface brightness fluctuations
Authors: Khetan Nandita , Izzo Luca , Branchesi Marica , Wojtak Radosław , Cantiello Michele , Murugeshan Chandrashekar , Agnello Adriano , Cappellaro Enrico , Della Valle Massimo , Gall Christa , Hjorth Jens , Benetti Stefano , Brocato Enzo , Burke Jamison , Hiramatsu Daichi , Howell D. Andrew , Tomasella Lina , Valenti Stefano
Published: February 2021

We present a new calibration of the peak absolute magnitude of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) based on the surface brightness fluctuations (SBF) method, aimed at measuring the value of the Hubble constant. We build a sample of calibrating anchors consisting of 24 SNe hosted in galaxies that have SBF distance measurements. Applying a hierarchical Bayesian approach, we calibrate the SN Ia peak luminosity and extend the Hubble diagram into the Hubble flow by using a sample of 96 SNe Ia in the redshift range 0.02 < z < 0.075, which was extracted from the Combined Pantheon Sample. We estimate a value of H0 = 70.50 ± 2.37 (stat.) ± 3.38 (sys.) km s−1 Mpc−1 (i.e., 3.4% stat., 4.8% sys.), which is in agreement with the value obtained using the tip of the red giant branch calibration. It is also consistent, within errors, with the value obtained from SNe Ia calibrated with Cepheids or the value inferred from the analysis of the cosmic microwave background. We find that the SNe Ia distance moduli calibrated with SBF are on average larger by 0.07 mag than those calibrated with Cepheids. Our results point to possible differences among SNe in different types of galaxies, which could originate from different local environments and/or progenitor properties of SNe Ia. Sampling different host galaxy types, SBF offers a complementary approach to using Cepheids, which is important in addressing possible systematics. As the SBF method has the ability to reach larger distances than Cepheids, the impending entry of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory and JWST into operation will increase the number of SNe Ia hosted in galaxies where SBF distances can be measured, making SBF measurements attractive for improving the calibration of SNe Ia, as well as in the estimation of H0.
Intelligent Technology Solutions at the Service of Energy Consumption Management
Authors: Bourekkadi S. , Slimani K. , El Imrani O. , Babounia A. , Khoulji S. , Aboulhassane A.
Published: February 2021

This project means to contribute in the decrease and justification of power utilization through its administration and control. Numerous examinations have indicated that the degree of the accessible energy stores and energy utilization is somewhat concerning. Consequently, we have built up a modest and accessible arrangement that will fill in as a technique to save this asset by following the person's utilization rate. The created application can be utilized with a basic telephone since it receives cell phone correspondence network innovation that will well impact the utilization of power, it is helpful for residents, the state, and the ages to follow by streamlining as far as utilization and thusly the month to month charges, just as its advantages on the climate.
Materielle Deprivation und subjektive
Gesundheit: Eine Längsschnittanalyse mit den Daten
des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels
(2001–2015)
Authors: Linder Sonja , Seifert Nico , Rapp Ingmar
Published: February 2021

Hintergrund Während die negative Beziehung
zwischen Armut und Gesundheit vielfach
dokumentiert wurde, ist bislang unklar, ob diese
auf soziale Verursachung oder auf indirekte oder
direkte Selektion zurückzuführen ist. Des Weiteren
wird Armut bislang meist aus dem Einkommen
abgeleitet, obwohl dieses nur gering mit den
tatsächlichen materiellen Lebensbedingungen
korreliert ist. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht
erstmals für Deutschland, ob sich materielle
Deprivation auch unter verbesserter Kontrolle von
indirekter Selektion auf die subjektive Gesundheit
auswirkt.

Methodik Die Analyse basiert auf den Daten
des für Deutschland repräsentativen
Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) der Jahre 2001
bis 2015. Das Analysesample enthält 54 995
Beobachtungen von 14 434 Männern und 60 766
Beobachtungen von 15 912 Frauen, jeweils mit einem
durchschnittlichen Alter von 50 Jahren. Zunächst
wird versucht, die bisherigen Forschungsergebnisse
in gepoolten OLS- (POLS) und Random
Effects-Modellen (RE) zu bestätigen. Anschließend
werden lineare Fixed Effects-Regressionen (FE)
berechnet, um für indirekte Selektion in Armut als
Resultat von unbeobachteten zeitstabilen Merkmalen
zu kontrollieren.

Ergebnisse In den POLS-Modellen zeigt sich,
im Einklang mit früheren Studien, sowohl bei
Männern als auch bei Frauen ein negativer
Zusammenhang von materieller Deprivation und
subjektiver Gesundheit. Diese Beziehung reduziert
sich in den FE-Modellen stark. Aber auch nach
verbesserter Kontrolle von indirekter Selektion
lässt sich weiterhin eine signifikante
Verschlechterung der Gesundheit durch materielle
Deprivation feststellen, die mit steigender
Intensität der materiellen Deprivation graduell
zunimmt.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse legen nahe,
dass der negative Zusammenhang zwischen
materieller Deprivation und subjektiver Gesundheit
zu einem großen Teil durch indirekte Selektion
bedingt ist. Der im FE-Modell verbleibende
negative und graduelle Zusammenhang deutet darauf
hin, dass materielle Deprivation die Gesundheit
verschlechtert.
Artificial intelligence diagnostic system predicts multiple Lugol-voiding lesions in the esophagus and patients at high risk for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ikenoyama Yohei , Yoshio Toshiyuki , Tokura Junki , Naito Sakiko , Namikawa Ken , Tokai Yoshitaka , Yoshimizu Shoichi , Horiuchi Yusuke , Ishiyama Akiyoshi , Hirasawa Toshiaki , Tsuchida Tomohiro , Katayama Naoyuki , Tada Tomohiro , Fujisaki Junko
Published: February 2021

Background It is known that an esophagus with multiple Lugol-voiding lesions (LVLs) after iodine staining is high risk for esophageal cancer; however, it is preferable to identify high-risk cases without staining because iodine causes discomfort and prolongs examination times. This study assessed the capability of an artificial intelligence (AI) system to predict multiple LVLs from images that had not been stained with iodine as well as patients at high risk for esophageal cancer.

Methods We constructed the AI system by preparing a training set of 6634 images from white-light and narrow-band imaging in 595 patients before they underwent endoscopic examination with iodine staining. Diagnostic performance was evaluated on an independent validation dataset (667 images from 72 patients) and compared with that of 10 experienced endoscopists.

Results The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the AI system to predict multiple LVLs were 84.4 %, 70.0 %, and 76.4 %, respectively, compared with 46.9 %, 77.5 %, and 63.9 %, respectively, for the endoscopists. The AI system had significantly higher sensitivity than 9/10 experienced endoscopists. We also identified six endoscopic findings that were significantly more frequent in patients with multiple LVLs; however, the AI system had greater sensitivity than these findings for the prediction of multiple LVLs. Moreover, patients with AI-predicted multiple LVLs had significantly more cancers in the esophagus and head and neck than patients without predicted multiple LVLs.

Conclusion The AI system could predict multiple LVLs with high sensitivity from images without iodine staining. The system could enable endoscopists to apply iodine staining more judiciously.
Ist die Desinfektion öffentlicher Flächen zur Prävention von SARS-CoV-2 – infektionen sinnvoll?
Authors: Kampf Günter , Jatzwauk Lutz
Published: February 2021

Maßnahmen zur Eingrenzung von SARS-CoV-2 beinhalten häufig die regelmäßige Desinfektion öffentlicher Flächen. In dieser systematischen Übersichtsarbeit wird dargelegt, wie häufig sich SARS-CoV-2 im Umfeld bestätigter Fälle auf Flächen nachweisen lässt. In 26 Studien zeigt sich, dass die RNA von SARS-CoV-2 zu 0 bis 100% auf Flächen im Patientenumfeld gefunden werden kann. Die 7 Studien mit mindestens 100 Proben zeigen mehrheitlich Nachweisraten zwischen 1,4 und 19%. Aus 2 weiteren Studien geht hervor, dass der Nachweis von infektiösem SARS-CoV-2 bislang von keiner Fläche gelungen ist. Vergleichbare Erkenntnisse finden sich für Flächen im Umfeld bestätigter SARS- bzw. Influenzapatienten. Eine Kontamination öffentlicher Flächen mit infektiösem SARS-CoV-2 ist durch die wenigen Virenausscheider im öffentlichen Raum, die meist kurze Kontaktzeit dieser Personen zur Fläche und die fehlende Symptomatik asymptomatischer Fälle noch weitaus unwahrscheinlicher. Außerdem wird durch das Berühren von Flächen nur ein Teil der Viruslast auf die Hände übertragen. Ein reinigendes Wischverfahren kann die Zahl infektiöser Viren bereits um ca. 2 log10-Stufen reduzieren. Deshalb sollten Flächen im öffentlichen Raum grundsätzlich gereinigt werden, da durch die breite Anwendung biozider Wirkstoffe zur Flächendesinfektion der mikrobielle Selektionsdruck ohne zu erwartenden Gesundheitsnutzen weiter ansteigt.
Belastbarkeit nach abdominellen Eingriffen – Ergebnisse einer Patientenbefragung
Authors: Schaaf Sebastian , Weber Carsten , Güsgen Christoph , Schwab Robert , Willms Arnulf
Published: February 2021

Einleitung Narbenhernien (NH) sind häufige Komplikationen nach abdominalchirurgischen Eingriffen und beeinflussen die postoperative Phase der Schonung, indem eine frühe Belastung mit
traditionell einem erhöhten NH-Risiko in Verbindung gebracht wird. Evidenz hierzu fehlt jedoch. Einen Zusammenhang zwischen der postoperativen körperlichen Aktivität nach abdominellen
Operationen und der Entwicklung von NH untersucht diese Studie.

Material und Methoden Patienten, die 2009 – 2016 eine Laparoskopie (LS) oder Laparotomie (LT) aufgrund einer viszeralchirurgischen Indikation erhielten, wurden mittels eines
Fragebogens zur Belastung, zu Beschwerden und zum Auftreten von NH sowie zur Lebensqualität postoperativ befragt. Komplizierte Verläufe (Clavien-Dindo > III), Laparostomaanlagen und
Eingriffe im Zusammenhang mit Hernienrekonstruktionen wurden ausgeschlossen.

Ergebnisse 393 Patienten beantworteten den Fragebogen (43,6%) vollständig, dabei waren 274 LS und 128 LT. Die NH-Inzidenz betrug 5,2% (LS) und 18,0% (LT, p = 0,001). NH-Patienten
waren jünger und häufiger Männer. Patienten mit NH erreichten in 30,5% postoperativ keine Vollbelastung. Die Verwendung einer Abdominalbandage hatte keinen Einfluss auf die NH-Rate. Die
Lebensqualität war für die NH-Gruppe eingeschränkt, sowohl auf psychischer als auch physischer Ebene.

Schlussfolgerung Die frühe schmerzadaptierte Belastung nach abdominalchirurgischen Eingriffen stellt in dieser Studie keinen Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung von Narbenhernien dar.
Die prospektive Evaluation liberaler postoperativer Aufbelastungsregime ist notwendig.
Glycosylation by Alkyne Activation of the 2-O-Substituted Propargyl Group in a β-Phenylthioglucoside with a 5
S
1 Conformation
Authors: Ikeuchi Kazutada , Matsumoto Shintaro , Ikuta Daiki , Yamada Hidetoshi
Published: February 2021

Generally, glycosylation reactions activate an anomeric substituent in a glycosyl donor to generate an oxocarbenium ion intermediate. Here we report a novel glycosylation reaction triggered by the activation of a 2-O-substituted propargyl group in a 3,6-O-1,1′-[(ethane-1,2-diyl)bibenzene-2,2′-bis(methylene)]-β-thioglucoside. This reaction proceeds through a cationic Au(I)-mediated intramolecular migration of the anomeric substituent onto the alkyne moiety of the propargyl group, followed by α-attack by the hydroxy group in the glycosyl acceptor on the oxocarbenium ion. The migration of the anomeric group occurs selectively through a 6-exo-dig pathway. The 2-(phenylsulfanyl)prop-2-en-1-yl group produced during the glycosylation is removable under conditions similar to those used for removing an allyl group. This reaction will be developed for further applications in orthogonal oligosaccharide synthesis.
Step Back in Order to Go Forward: Willful Enlargement and Sandwich Closure Technique for Spinal Dura Repair after Several Unsuccessful Closure Attempts
Authors: Sitz Maximilian , Rot Sergej , Gutowski Pawel , Kreißl Lutz , Lemcke Johannes
Published: February 2021

A CSF leak is a common complication in spine surgery which is usually closed effectivly by suture and/or epidural patches. There is currently no algorithm to treat a recurrent CSF leak that fails to be closed initially. We describe the case of a recurrent cerebrospinal fluid leak that we have successfully treated using an inlay-onlay dural repair technique.
Biomechanics of the Distal Radioulnar Joint During In Vivo Forearm Pronosupination
Authors: Akhbari Bardiya , Shah Kalpit N. , Morton Amy M. , Moore Douglas C. , Weiss Arnold-Peter C. , Wolfe Scott W. , Crisco Joseph J.
Published: February 2021

Background Ulnar variance (UV) and center of rotation (COR) location at the level of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) change with forearm rotation. Nevertheless, these parameters have not been assessed dynamically during active in vivo pronosupination. This assessment could help us to improve our diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Questions/purposes We sought to (1) mathematically model the UV change, and (2) determine the dynamic COR's location during active pronosupination.

Methods We used biplanar videoradiography to study DRUJ during in vivo pronation and supination in nine healthy subjects. UV was defined as the proximal-distal distance of ulnar fovea with respect to the radial sigmoid notch, and COR was calculated using helical axis of motion parameters. The continuous change of UV was evaluated using a generalized linear regression model.

Results A second-degree polynomial with R
2 of 0.85 was able to model the UV changes. Maximum negative UV occurred at 38.0 degrees supination and maximum positive UV occurred at maximum pronation. At maximum pronation, the COR was located 0.5 ± 1.8 mm ulnarly and 0.6 ± 0.8 mm volarly from the center of the ulnar fovea, while at maximum supination, the COR was located 0.2 ± 0.6 mm radially and 2.0 ± 0.5 mm volarly.

Conclusion Changes in UV and volar translation of the COR are nonlinear at the DRUJ during pronosupination.

Clinical Relevance Understanding the dynamic nature of UV as a function of pronosupination can help guide accurate evaluation and treatment of wrist pathology where the UV is an important consideration. The dynamic behavior of COR might be useful in designing DRUJ replacement implants to match the anatomical motion.
Micturition Disturbance: A Predominant Feature of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Kini Sandesh , Bhat Ramesh Y. , Karegowda Lakshmikanth Halegubbi
Published: February 2021

Urinary retention in children can have varied etiology ranging from anatomic to functional causes. Functional causes include neuropathies, including rare central nervous system (CNS) involvement, such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). ADEM is usually preceded by acute viral infection and commonly presents with multifocal neurological deficits. The ADEM diagnosis is mainly based on the clinical presentation and its correlation with characteristic CNS findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Here, we report an adolescent boy who presented with acute urinary retention preceded by an acute febrile illness. The patient was worked up thoroughly, including an MRI of the brain and spine, which revealed ADEM's characteristic features. The bladder function was evaluated periodically. The voiding dysfunction persisted for a long time. Treatment with steroids and other supportive therapy ultimately lead to a complete recovery over 6 months.
The Weekday Effect on Morbidity of Lung Cancer Surgery: A Real-World Analysis
Authors: Bertolaccini Luca , Prisciandaro Elena , Sedda Giulia , Lo Iacono Giorgio , Filippi Niccolò , Spaggiari Lorenzo
Published: February 2021

Background Many authors have investigated the possible adverse effects among patients who underwent elective surgery on Friday when compared with patients operated earlier in the week. Nonetheless, the weekday effect is still a matter of debate. This study aimed at investigating the postoperative morbidity rates after lung cancer surgery and their relationship with the weekday the surgery took place.

Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients who underwent elective thoracotomic lobectomies for lung cancer. Categorical data were analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Association between predictors and binary outcomes while considering the weekday stratification was determined with Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel statistics. To characterize the typical Friday patient, a multiple logistic regression analysis was performed.

Results A total of 817 patients (2015–2019) were identified. Complication rates divided by day of surgery were 164 (20.07%) for patients operated on Mondays, 182 (22.27%) on Tuesdays, 205 (25.09%) on Wednesdays, 172 (21.05%) on Thursdays, and 94 (11.51%) on Fridays. Crude morbidity rates by weekday were Monday 21.53%, Tuesday 20.51%, Wednesday 27.70%, Thursday 20.0%, and Friday 10.26%. No overall association between day of surgery and overall morbidity was found (ρ = 0.095). Median hospital length of stay was 5 days (range: 2–45 days), and there were no statistically significant differences between days. The Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel statistics showed no association between morbidity and the weekday.

Conclusion In patients undergoing elective lobectomies for lung cancer, the weekday of surgery was not statistically significantly associated with an increase in the risk of postoperative morbidity.
The N terminus of myosin-binding protein C extends toward actin filaments in intact cardiac muscle
Authors: Rahmanseresht Sheema , Lee Kyoung H. , O’Leary Thomas S. , McNamara James W. , Sadayappan Sakthivel , Robbins Jeffrey , Warshaw David M. , Craig Roger , Previs Michael J.
Published: February 2021

Myosin and actin filaments are highly organized within muscle sarcomeres. Myosin-binding protein C (MyBP-C) is a flexible, rod-like protein located within the C-zone of the sarcomere. The C-terminal domain of MyBP-C is tethered to the myosin filament backbone, and the N-terminal domains are postulated to interact with actin and/or the myosin head to modulate filament sliding. To define where the N-terminal domains of MyBP-C are localized in the sarcomere of active and relaxed mouse myocardium, the relative positions of the N terminus of MyBP-C and actin were imaged in fixed muscle samples using super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. The resolution of the imaging was enhanced by particle averaging. The images demonstrate that the position of the N terminus of MyBP-C is biased toward the actin filaments in both active and relaxed muscle preparations. Comparison of the experimental images with images generated in silico, accounting for known binding partner interactions, suggests that the N-terminal domains of MyBP-C may bind to actin and possibly the myosin head but only when the myosin head is in the proximity of an actin filament. These physiologically relevant images help define the molecular mechanism by which the N-terminal domains of MyBP-C may search for, and capture, molecular binding partners to tune cardiac contractility.
Formation and crystallization of low-density amorphous ice
Authors: Cao H S
Published: February 2021

Low-density amorphous ice (LDA) is of paramount importance not only for fields such as astronomy, meteorology and biology from a scientific point of view, but also for technological applications like cryo-scanning electron microscopy and electron-beam lithography utilizing ice resists. Recent advances in LDA have been reviewed, focusing on its formation and crystallization processes. The specific aspects of this review include: (a) the LDA formation methods and the corresponding required conditions, (b) the measurement principles of the density, thermal conductivity and the growth rate of LDA, (c) the monitoring of the phase transformation, (d) the transformation kinetics of LDA to crystalline ice. Finally, open questions as well as future challenges relating to LDA are discussed.
Direct observation of site-specific dopant substitution in Si doped (Al
x
Ga1−
x
)2O3 via atom probe tomography
Authors: Sarker Jith , Bhuiyan A F M Anhar Uddin , Feng Zixuan , Zhao Hongping , Mazumder Baishakhi
Published: February 2021

In this work, the interaction of n-type dopants in Si doped (Al
x
Ga1−x
)2O3 films with varying Al content over the entire composition range (x = 0%–100%) was analyzed using atom probe tomography. An almost uniform dopant distribution with dopant density in the range of 1018 cm−3 was obtained in (Al
x
Ga1−x
)2O3 layers with Al contents, x < 0.60. At x

⩾
0.6

, small Si segregated zones were observed which was attributed to the increased donor-acceptor transition centers or bond length differences in Al–O, Ga–O and Si–O at high Al content. We have demonstrated that for the single phase β-(Al
x
Ga1−x
)2O3 films with Al content of x < 0.30, dopants prefer to occupy on Ga sites while Al site is preferred for high Al content (x > 0.50) (Al
x
Ga1−x
)2O3 layers. It was also observed for Al content, x = 0.30–0.50, no specific cationic site occupancy was observed, Si occupies either Al or Ga sites. This can be attributed to highly inhomogeneous layers within this Al composition range due to which dopant Si atoms are either in the Al-rich or Al-depleted regions.
Experimental and analytical investigations on a wide-angle, polarization-insensitive, and broadband water-based metamaterial absorber
Authors: Rajabalipanah Hamid , Abdolali Ali , Mohammadi Mansoureh
Published: February 2021

In this work, a wide-angle, polarization-independent, and broadband superstrate-assisted water-based metamaterial absorber (SWMA) covering the whole X-band is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated. Our SWMA design is a copper-backed structure comprising a thin substrate of distilled water, an FR-4 lossy layer, and a magneto-electric anisotropic metamaterial to boost achieving broadband and wide-angle features. The absorptivity of the proposed SWMA has been elaborately assessed in a full analytical framework involving oblique illuminations and both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations. Numerical results demonstrate that exploiting magneto-electric anisotropy, the impedance matching between air and SWMA has been remarkably improved for both major polarizations, especially at near grazing angles. Owing to the end-to-end analytical design, the designed SWMA does not suffer from the drawbacks associated with the traditional designs including intricate particle geometries and brute-force optimizations. As a proof of concept, the proposed SWMA is fabricated and its absorptivity is measured in an anechoic microwave chamber between 8 and 12 GHz. The experimental results depict good conformity with the numerical simulations and the theoretical predictions, elucidating that our design retains its strong absorptivity over the whole X-band and for a wide angular range up to near grazing angles for both TE- and TM-polarizations.
Carbon-nanotube-entangled Co,N-codoped carbon nanocomposite for oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Liu Haohui , Wang Siyu , Long Ling , Jia Jianbo , Liu Minchao
Published: February 2021

The design of highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is still a great challenge. Herein, we prepared Co,N-codoped carbon nanocomposites (Co@NC-ZM) with entangled carbon nanotubes. The large Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area (604.7 m2 g−1), rich mesoporous feature, Co,N doping and synergetic effect between various species of Co@NC-ZM can expose more active sites and facilitate conductivity and mass transport. Benefiting from the above unique advantages, Co@NC-ZM exhibits excellent ORR performance with more positive onset potential (0.96 V) and half-wave potential (0.83 V) than those of commercial Pt/C (0.96 and 0.81 V, correspondingly). This work provides a new strategy for further exploring efficient non-precious-metal-based catalysts for ORR.