bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Fluctuating Salinity on the Growth and Physiology of Ulva pertusa
Authors: Xu Jing , Guo Gan Lin , Shi Ju Fang , Shi Yan
Published: December 2012

Growth, photosynthesis and the nitrate reductase activity of Ulva pertusa were determined at fluctuating salinity treatments. Compared with the control, SGR of Ulva pertusa were higher at fluctuating salinity treatments. The photosynthetic rates were higher at the fluctuating salinity treatments of 30-25 and 30-20, and lower at the fluctuating salinity treatments of 30-15. Ulva pertusa got higher nitrate reductase activity at fluctuating salinity treatments of 30-20 and 30-15. It demonstrated that Ulva pertusa was able to change the photosynthetic rates and the nitrate reductase activities to adapt to salinity fluctuations.
Principal Factors Preventing China Environmental Risk (CER): Project Angle
Authors: Liu Chang Qing
Published: December 2012

Studies on principal factors preventing CER (China Environmental Risk) from Project Angle are seldom found, so we studied principal factors preventing CER (China Environmental Risk) from Project Angle in this thesis, including their selection, sequence and contribution. By our analysis, principal factors preventing CER (China Environmental Risk) from project angle can be ordered by contribution as follows: general management, projects for primary industries, energy projects, and public transportation projects. And our related advice is as follows: first, careful protection of natural environment. Secondly strict surveillance on production of waste from such projects as projects for primary industries, energy projects, and public transportation projects, etc. by market management, and public management, etc.. And thirdly great encouragement to arouse interest in technological innovations friendly with the environment in waste disposal, etc..
The Principles and Measures about Ecology Regression of Urban Pavement
Authors: Wang Bo
Published: December 2012

One of the important features of urbanization is the replacement of the original natural soil and vegetation by impermeable pavements, resulting in the changes of the permeability of natural soil and vegetation and bringing a series of ecological future trouble. Since the hard urban pavement occupies a considerably percentage of the whole area, its ecological environmental effect plays a very important role in the overall ecological environment of the city. As a result, the application of permeable pavements is an effective way to solve the problem of urban pavement ecological environment. This paper analyzed the environmental benefits of the permeable pavement and proposed the principles and technical measures about ecology regression of pavement. The measures contain maintaining the permeability of the water penetrate paths, establishing the criterion of the design and construction for penetrative pavements, improving the maintain technologies and so on.
The Research of the Modern Architectural Heritage Protection in China Established in the above the Concept "Antiquities" and "Renowned Sites and Ancient Traces"
Authors: Xu Su Bin , Liu Zheng
Published: December 2012

In this paper, the evolution of concept in protection and regulations in Chinese modern architectural heritage of was glimpsed through the analysis on the concepts of “Antiquities “and “Renowned Sites and Ancient Traces ". The two parts are as follows: a) the evolution of “Antiquities “and “Renowned Sites and Ancient Traces "b) conversion of protection type in no-mobile heritage from a single shift to diversification.
Simultaneous Adsorption of Trichloroethylene and Cadmium on Attapulgite in the Groundwater
Authors: Gao Hai Ying , Li Xiao Qian , Yan Hui Jie , Wang Xiao Wei
Published: December 2012

The adsorption of trichloroethylene (TCE) and Cd2+ combined contamination in the groundwater by attapulgite were studied, and the effects of pH, dosage of attapulgite and adsorption time on adsorption were investigated, equilibrium of the adsorptions processes were further conducted. Results showed that the adsorption rate of TCE affected little by the pH; TCE adsorption equilibrium reached after 3d, the removal rate was 71.34%; when attapulgite dosage was 0.03g, the adsorption rate was up to more than 51.08%. Freundlich isotherm was best fitted the adsorption process of TCE. Compound contamination of TCE and Cd2+ decreased the removal rate of TCE; but was in line with Freundlich adsorption isotherm.
Preliminary Discussion on the Modification of Ecological Footprint Model
Authors: Dai Juan Juan , Wu Yao Jian , Chen Si Ting , Jiang Shang
Published: December 2012

Based on the survey on deficiencies of ecological footprint model applied on regional sustainable development assessment, modification of the ecological footprint model was preliminarily discussed on three aspects: concept extension, combination with other index, and introduction of quantitative estimate indices for time series calculation. This discussion provided a scientific guidance of applying ecological footprint model on regional sustainability assessment, and a theoretical basis for further case study.
Research on the Influence of Reclamation to the Marine Ecological Environment – Taking Lianyun New City Constructing as an Example
Authors: Shi Jian Qing , Sun Jia Long
Published: December 2012

Reclamation is adopted by many coastal countries to develop living space. Although reclamation changes natural coast pattern in local small scope, which most happen on beach area or shallow ocean area. Therefore, it has heavy destroy to local natural system, brings negative effect to coast area ecological environment stability, biodiversity and sustainable development. The paper takes constructing Lianyun new city as example. Biomass changes before construction and during construction at four monitoring spots are analyzed, negative effects to natural environment, marine product yield and marine animals' survival environment are deeply discussed. In order to develop marine ecology , several piece of advices are advanced in the paper to reasonably exploit coast resource and protect natural ecological environment.
Study of Formation Mechanism and Blocking in Giant Debris Flow at Hongchun Gully Yingxiu Town Wenchuan County
Authors: Liao Min , Huang Run Qiu , Gan Jian Jun , Zhong Wei , Li Qian Yin
Published: December 2012

From Aug. 12th to 14th 2009, the catastrophic giant debris flow occurred in Hongchun gully Yingxiu town Wenchuan County, Du-Wen higyway in the period of heavy storm. It has cut off the Du-wen highway traffic totally and weir of Ming River became the damming body, which diverted the river plug body and rushed into Yingxiu doxens of new houses. The overflow river isolated Yingxiu towm serious and threat the post-disaster reconstruction triumph.It have important significance that to study the basic features，the deformation and failure mechanism ，the types and countermeasures to prevent and control the scale, the prevention and cure of high seismic intensity of debris flow in Hongchun gully. Base on the researches of geo-hazards background, conditions and basic features with the example of Hongchun gully debris flow, the author Analyzed the formation mechanism of debris flow and specific reason of blocking river and breaking highway, forecasted that causes of development of debris flow, also analyzed the stability of material sources in Hongchun gully’s debris flow. Then the author put forward that the formation of debris flow in Hongchun gully and blocking of Minjiang River are related closely to rich loose material sources induced by Wenchuan earthquake, the heavy rainfall, and its unique landform. Researches show that the giant debris flow in Hongchun gully started from Ganxipu lateral ditch in the upstream, the materials collected and dam-broke, It collected the material sources of the main ditch, crushed into Minjiang River, joined with the material sources of Shaofan gully debris flow in the river-upstream, blocked river and became dam lake. In a word,it is necessary to strengthen the control of the debris flow because that it is very rich material sources in Hongchun gully, and prevent hazard of the debris flow burst again.
Study of Flotation Effect of ST-1 Complex Reagent
Authors: Ji Deng Gao , Peng Su Qin , Wu Yue , Cai Yang Hui
Published: December 2012

There are lots of problems in coal flotation reagents. For example, it is difficult to disperse in coal pulp, it needs a large consumption, and its selectivity is poor. So this paper refers that kerosene can be made into compound kerosene by using different chemical products and surfactants, and then used for coal flotation. Tests proved that when the ST-1 Complex Reagent dosage is 500g/t, kerosene dosage is 900g/t, clean coal ash consistent is the same, and clean coal yield is closed, collector dosage saved 44.44%, and the fastest floating speed of clean coal is 99.3g/min, 4.8g/min fast than kerosene, Zeta potential is-28.9409mv after kerosene effect, Zeta potential is -13.2555mv after ST-1 Complex Reagent effect.
The Ecological Cultivation Techniques of Pepper
Authors: Cao Zhen Mu , Liu Zi Ji , Niu Yu
Published: December 2012

Economic development and environmental protection is an indivisible unity, environment protection is the basis of economic and social development. Agro-ecological environment protection is an important guarantee for comprehensive, coordinated, and sustainable development of agriculture. The development of ecological agriculture is the objective needs of sustainable agricultural development strategy and agricultural modernization. Considering the ecological problems of agricultural production, our laboratory had conducted production comparative experiment using Rela No. 4 pepper, the results showed that drip irrigation, balanced fertilization in different growth stages, the implementation of the crop rotation system, and physical control technology of pests were effective measures to achieve ecological cultivation of pepper in Hainan.
Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Sucrose Metabolism of Citrus Seedlings
Authors: Li Yan , Zou Ying Ning , Huang Yong Ming , Wu Qiang Sheng
Published: December 2012

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Glomus mosseae) on plant dry weights, sucrose and glucose concentrations, and sucrose-metabolizing enzyme (AI-acid invertase; NI-neutral invertase; SS-sucrose synthase) activities were examined in young citrus (Citrus junos Sieb.ex Tanaka) seedlings. After three months of mycorrhizal inoculation, root mycorrhizal colonization was 55.32%. Inoculation with G. mosseae significantly increased shoot and root dry weights and sucrose and glucose concentrations in leaf and root, compared with non-AMF seedlings. AMF colonization was significantly positively correlated with glucose and sucrose concentrations of leaf and root, suggesting that AM symbosis alters carbohydrate concentrations to sustain symbiosis development. On the other hand, AMF colonization significantly increased root AI and leaf SS activities, but decreased leaf AI and NI activities and root NI and SS activities. Based on the correlation analysis, it assumes that AMF regulated the carbohydrate concentrations for the plant growth and mycorrhizal development through altering activities of the sucrose-metabolizing enzymes.
Study on Soil Seed Bank in Saline-Alkali Wetlands of Tianjin Binhai New Area
Authors: Mo Xun Qiang , Xu Nuo , Li Hong Yuan , Meng Wei Qing
Published: December 2012

Field survey and laboratory experiment were conducted to study the characteristics of soil seed banks (SSBs) in typical Saline-alkali wetlands in Tianjin Binhai New Area. The composition, diversity and temporal and spatial distribution of SSBs in three sampling plots were analyzed. The results show that there are 26 species in the SSBs, with species density 6809~30644 grains/m2 and ecological dominance at 0.51~0.81. The diversity index show a relatively low value - the highest Shannon-Wener value is 1.78. The similarity coefficients between SSB and aboveground vegetation are low as well, the lowest value is 0.21. Vertical distribution demonstrates significantly obvious condition with 0-5cm layer having the most species.
Process of Soda-AQ Pulping of Fast-Growing Poplar and Defibration Point
Authors: Wang Wei , Yang Gui Hua , Chen Jia Chuan
Published: December 2012

Fast-growing Poplar cooked by Soda-AQ process was studied, by determining the lignin contents including Klason lignin and acid soluble lignin, the yield of pulping, the rate of carbohydtare degradation and the rate of delignification.Results indicated that the delignificaton of Fast-growing Poplar in Soda-AQ pulping can be divided into three distinguishable stages. (a)The initial delignification stage before 140°C,the rate of delignification reaches to 30.87%;(b)The bulk delignification stage, the rate of delignification reaches to 86.97%，in the period from 140°C to 170°C and for 30 min;(c)The residual delignification stage,the rate of delignification exceeds 91.60%. The defibration point was reached when cooking temperature raised to 170°C and for 30 min with 57.50% pulping yield ,24.94 kappa nomber.
Effects of Different Fermentation Media on Polysaccharides Production and Antitumor and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Yan Pei Sheng , Dong Jing , Zhu Guo Zhen , Gao Xiu Jun
Published: December 2012

This paper studied the effects of different fermentation media containing different kinds of agricultural products on Hypsizygus marmoreus polysaccharides production under the liquid culture condition, and the antitumor and antioxidant activity of the polysaccharides. The results indicate that when cultured in No. 45 fermentation medium, the intrapolysaccharide (IPS) production obtained from mycelia is the highest production 2.045 g/l, and the exopolysaccharide (EPS) production is the second highest with 1.960 g/l. The antitumor activities of EPS and IPS obtained from No.45 fermentation medium are the highest with inhibition rate of 39.89% and 56.25% against human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 respectively, which are higher than the positive control 5-Fu. The capacity of total antioxidant of EPS obtained from No. 39 fermentation medium is the highest with 0.813U/mg. The capacity of anti-superoxide anion radical of EPS obtained from No. 40 fermentation medium is the highest with 22.554U/g.
Study on Aucutin Extraction in Eucommia Key Fruit Seeds Meal by Supercritical CO2 Mixed with Entrainers
Authors: Ouyang Hui , Yu Ji
Published: December 2012

According to single factor preliminary test, selecting factors and levels, and based on the design principles of Box-Benhnken, the effects were studied from extracting pressure, extracting temperature extracting time and concentration of ethanol, as the entrainer, to the yields of aucutin in eucommia seed meal by four factors and three levels response surface methodology. The optimal extracting conditions for aucutin extraction in eucommia seed meal were as followed: extracting pressure 27MPa, extracting temperature 50°C, extracting time 120min, entrainer (ethanol) concentration 80%. And the average yields of aucutin in eucommia seed meal was 1.9510% under the processing conditions.
Effect of Ionic Liquids/water Pre-Treatment of Luffa ﬁbres on the Structural Properties
Authors: Wei Li , Shi Xiao Qing , Wang Ying , Ma Ying Chong , Zhao Ji Xiang , Wang Shao Jun
Published: December 2012

Recently, the use of lignocellulosic ﬁbres to reinforcing composite has received an increased attention. However, lack of good interfacial adhesion makes important the treatment of raw materials. In this study, the raw material Luffa ﬁbres were treated by ionic liquids/water mixture and this treatment proved to be useful by elimination of gummy and waxy substances. The effect of the treatments on the structure of ﬁbres was showed using SEM and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) analysis. The SEM results revealed that the treatment resulted in a removal of lignin, pectin and hemicellulose substances, and change the characteristics of the surface topography. The XRD analysis shows the increase of crystallinity index.
Vegetation Covering Changes in Shandong Province Based on NDVI Data
Authors: Yang Li , Liu Yuan Yuan , Zhang Hong Ri , Ming Yan Fang
Published: December 2012

The vegetation cover is the main part of the human transformation of nature, and it is also the main reflection of human activities. Shandong Province is in the stage of rapid development at present, rapid economic growth and extensive development model makes the land use and vegetation cover has undergone profound changes in Shandong Province. Therefore, the study of vegetation cover change has great significance to the province. Based on the MODI S NDVI data with 1km resolution, the vegetation cover changes of Shandong Province from 2002 to 2011were analyzed in this paper supporting by the ENVI technology. The results showed that NDVI values in 2002 were mainly distributed in the 0.4-0.6 range, accounting for 62%, while NDVI values of the other years were mainly distributed in the 0.6-0.8 range, the proportion of them were over 50% except 2002. The results also showed that there are some differences in the composition of each interval in 2003 to 2011. Drought, fixed assets investment and crop planting area may be the main reasons for vegetation coverage changes of Shandong Province.
Towards Application of Remote Sensing Technology in Geothermal Prospecting in Xilingol in Eastern Inner Mongolia, NE China
Authors: Peng Fen , Xiong Yong Zhu , Cheng Yu Xiang , Fan Qi Cheng , Huang Shao Peng
Published: December 2012

Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source most abundantly associated with volcanism. In this paper, we report the progress in the application of remote sensing technology for prospecting the geothermal energy potential in Xilingol, a Cenozoic volcanic area in the eastern Inner Mongolia, NE China. Landsat TM images are processed in combination of existing geological and geographical data in the interpretation of faults and volcanic craters. Land surface temperature (LST) has been retrieved with a single-channel algorithm. Through the analysis of geological data and the distribution of the LST, seven prospective geothermal areas have been identified for further study.
Land Resources Information Acquisition Based on Multi-Temporal TM Images
Authors: Niu Ting , Li Xia , Zhou Yan Fei , Zhao Zhao
Published: December 2012

Selected the lower Tarim River in 2000 and 2010 TM / ETM data source, the use of human - machine interaction visual interpretation of data obtained by two interpretation map, interpret the results based on two data LUCC trends in variation analysis, the results show that: in the past 10 years, the Tarim River increased 28735 ha cultivated land (hm2), the natural increase of 25846 hectares of vegetation (hm2). Forest land was slowly decreasing trend, the decrease in the main area into open woodland and urban settlements; high, shrub and grass cover showed a degree of degradation. Conclusion: The study area in recent years has woodland, open forest land reduction and degradation shows the degradation of habitat area, with the increase of human reclamation area, the regional water consumption will significantly increase, which is lower Tarim river water to a certain pressure.
Evaluation of Environmental Livability of Changchun Based on GIS and RS
Authors: Fu Bo
Published: December 2012

As an ultimate goal of urban development, urban livability was studied by taking Changchun city as research area in this paper. The evaluation index system of livability was established by taking Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing as technical means to integrate and process the basic databases from different sources, forms and scales synthetically. The livable scores of each grid in the research area were obtained by combining Mean Square Deviation Method and Principle Component Analysis Method to determine the index weights. The results of the study showed that the whole livable level of Changchun was not high and the areas with higher scores than the average level accounted for 27.48%. Taking the streets as units of comprehensive evaluation and analysis, the second-grade livable street with medium conditions of livability accounts for 50% of the 46 streets we examined and most of them are mainly distributed in Luyuan District and Nanguan District.
Suaeda Salsa Biomass Remote Sensing in the ShuangTai River Estuary
Authors: Wu Tao , Zhao Dong Zhi , Jiang Guo Jun , Xu Wei , Xiao Cui
Published: December 2012

Suaeda salsa is the characteristics vegetation in the wetlands of Northern China. By acquiring Suaeda Salsa biomass, building spectral reflectance curve, probing into the relationship between the vegetation indices and the biomass, and finally achieving Suaeda Salsa’s biomass remote sensing monitor in the ShuangTai river estuary, Conclusions are as follows: 1). Correlation coefficient between the biomass and the vegetation indices (RVI and NDVI) is low, and Linear regression equation (R2) is 0.342 and 0.316, and the Logarithmic regression equation (R2) is 0.319 and 0.21, and the Quadratic equation (R2) is 0.589 and 0.568. Correlation coefficient between the biomass and the vegetation indices (PVI, SAVI and MSAVI) is high, and the linear regression equation is 0.626、0.698 and 0.679, respectively. The logarithmic regression equation is 0.592、0.706 and 0.683 respectively and the quadratic equation is 0.688、0.711 and 0.683. 2). Suaeda salsa’s biomass is consistent with the distribution area in the Shuangtai river estuary. Total biomass maintained at 2.9 × 107- 4.2 × 108kg in 1990, and dropped to 3.4 × 106 ~ 3.5 × 107kg in 1995. In 2000, the quadratic function of vegetation version biomass rebounded, but linear function continues to fall. Biomass increased rapidly, reaching 1.46 ~ 2.4 × 108kg in 2005.
Dynamic Change and Forecast of per Unit Area Grain Yield Based on Grey System Theory in Suzhou City
Authors: Su Hai Min , He Ai Xia
Published: December 2012

Based on the statistical data from 1991 to 2010, the dynamic change of per unit area grain yield were discussed in Suzhou City. In the last 20 years, the per unit area grain yield took on an increasing trend in the fluctuation, using the GM (1, 1) model, per unit area grain yield will continue to grow in the next five years. According to the grey system theory, factors affecting per unit area grain yield are analyzed and correlative degree between factors and per unit area grain yield is quantitatively measured. The results show that the level of urbanization, modernization of agricultural science and technology and precipitation are the most important factors that affect per unit area grain yield, but economic factors such as GDP have less impact on per unit area grain yield in Suzhou City. Moreover, the construction of water conservancy should be strengthened to improve food production and disaster prevention capacity and focus on raising the level of agricultural modernization in the future. Relying on technological progress to improve per unit area grain yield is an important foundation for the future to ensure food stability during urbanization and economic development, which the cultivated area will continue to decrease.
Digital Aerial Photo Orientation within the Different Algorithm Analysis
Authors: Liu De Li , Lin Nan , Zhang Ya Shuang
Published: December 2012

Scanning digital aerial images as data source, using PhotoShop software and MapGis software measurement pixel coordinates of the 8frame point on photo , according to the camera parameters file provided fiducial mark on the image plane coordinate system coordinates the theory, using affine transformation method and bilinear transformation method, calculated the interior orientation parameters. Basing on this parameter calculates residual error of frame point coordinate, analyse and compare residual error which obtained by two kinds of measurement frame point pixel coordinates .Research shows that, the directional accuracy by using the MapGis measurement frame point pixel coordinates is higher than that by using PhotoShop measurement;
Application of Spatial Sampling to Remote Sensing Monitoring of Forest Cover Area
Authors: Zhang Ji Ping , Zhang Lin Bo , Gong Bin
Published: December 2012

This study combines the sampling technique, geographic information system and remote sensing technique to conduct a sampling survey on forest cover area of Jinggangshan National Nature Reserve in China on the basis of TM remote sensing image. The spatial simple random sampling, spatial stratified sampling and sandwich sampling model are respectively utilized to establish the sampling design. For the spatial simple random sampling model, the spatial autocorrelation analysis method is adopted to determine the spatial autocorrelation coefficient through calculating Moran's I index, while in the spatial stratified sampling and sandwich sampling model, the yearly maximum NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) is utilized to conduct the spatial stratification. Through comparison of the sampling accuracy of three sampling models, a higher precision and more reasonable sampling method and sampling model is provided for remote sensing monitoring of forest cover area. The study results show that: sandwich sampling model is featured as the highest sampling accuracy, followed by the spatial stratified sampling and simple random sampling. Under the requirement of same precision, sandwich spatial sampling model can reduce quantity of the sampling points, and create all kinds of report units according to demands of different spatial area, so it is featured as the better suitability.
A GIS-Aided Method for Assessing High-Resolution Population Exposure to Environmental Pollutants
Authors: Zou Bin , Peng Fen , Chen Si Xuan , Luo Yan Qing
Published: December 2012

Through integrating air dispersion model, Geographical Information System (GIS) spatial analysis and Population Dasymetric Mapping Model (PDMM), we firstly conducted high-resolution simulations of air pollution concentration and population spatial distribution. Then, a method for Assessing Population Relative Risks of Air Pollution Exposure (MAPRRAPE) was proposed and implemented for spatial zoning of population exposure to SO2 at various levels by taking Tarrant County as a case. The results show that the population exposure to SO2 for Tarrant County in 2000 detected by air pollution concentration method obviously differs from those produced by MAPRRAPE. While the results disclose the defect of the air pollution concentration based population exposure (e.g., Non-inhabit areas with high SO2 concentration are usually misrecognized with high population exposure), it thereby conversely confirms the significance of MAPRRAPE in decision making for preventing and controlling regional air pollution exposure.
Spatial Distribution and Contribution Segregation of Hg and Cd in the Soils in the Chemical Industry Park and its Surrounding Areas
Authors: Lu Chun Feng , Zhou Sheng Lu , Wu Shao Hua
Published: December 2012

This paper determined Hg and Cd contents through collecting the surface soil samples in Nanjing Liuhe Chemical Industry Park and its surrounding areas, analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of Hg and Cd in the study area by means of ordinary Kriging, and carried out quantitative analysis for the impact of chemical industry park on the accumulation of soil heavy metals through introducing contribution rate. The results show that the chemical industry park is one of the important causes of the accumulation of Hg and Cd in the surrounding soils. In space, the closer the site is to the industrial park, the higher the accumulative content is. Wind direction has a significant effect on the diffusion of Hg, affected most greatly on the northwest, which is located downwind, with a contribution rate of 85.47%, while wind direction has no significant effect on the diffusion of Cd, affected most greatly on the north, with a contribution rate of 29.37%.
Error of Acid Rain Research, Effect of Atmosphere CO2 Ignored
Authors: Chen Zhen Min , Xie Wei , Zhang Hai Ying
Published: December 2012

Since the concept of acid rain was come up with time has been for a little more than a hundred years. Many researchers have studied the causes of it formation and obtained some results. But a satisfactory explanation can not be given about some phenomena of acid rain until today. For example in some regions the acid substances in atmosphere before formed acid rain are being reduced year after year but acidity of rainwater and acid rain frequency are being increased year after year. The anions are less than cations in acid rain, and so on. In order to solve these problems we have done simulated tests. Here we show that the cause of unaccountability some acid rains is ignored effect of atmosphere CO2. Firstly, CO2is well-known acid substance, it can make water acid and its amount is ten thousand times as much as other acid substances, for example SO2and NOx, in atmosphere. Then, when CO2was not dissolved in solution of simulated acid rain pH of solution was larger than 6 although the ions percentage composition of solution is as same as acid rain, and when CO2was done pH of solution was less than or equal 4.6. So, we concluded that CO2plays an important role in acid rain forming.
Scenario Analysis in Coastal Wetland Development: a Case Study in Xiangshan Bay
Authors: Zhu Wei Ping , Li Fang Yi
Published: December 2012

At present, coastal wetland in China is seriously affected by expansion of coastal cities and industrial areas. Xiangshan Bay of Ningbo, Zhejiang Province is a famous seafood production base, with a title of “Big Fish Pond” in East Sea. However, it have been facing serious problems, such as industrial pollution, marine eutrophication, and biological invasion. Recently, local government approved a number of industrial and tourism projects in order to improve economy. So it is forecasted with a rapid expansion of manufacturing and tourism in next 5~10 years. Combined with the planned projects, scenario analysis was conducted in this paper, so that we can inspect the effects of different scenarios. Potential Class (PC) and Sustainability Class (SC) were constructed based on the data of investigation and remote sensing image of 2009, as a tool to assess scenarios. PC is evaluation criterion of economic benefit and social benefit, while SC is of ecological benefit and environmental benefit. Among all scenarios, combination of agriculture and tourism in coastal wetlands is optimizing for Xiangshan Bay. According to the study, eco-tourism should be promoted and existing wetland agriculture should be ecologically improved. It is also necessary to restrict the secondary industry to ensure ecological protection and tourism growth.
Effect of Oxalic Acid on the Adsorption of Fluoride by Phosphate Rock from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Wang Yu , Dong Xiao Qing , Zhou Bao Hua , Xu Zhi Bing
Published: December 2012

The defluoridation capacity of phosphate rock in the presence of oxalic acid was investigated using batch experiments. Defluoridation capacity of phosphate rock was enhanced in the presence of oxalic acid, removing ﬂuoride from 22.46% up to 57.98% with 2.5 mmol/L oxalic acid. The contact time and pH for maximum ﬂuoride uptake were found 2 h and 5, respectively. Maximum adsorption capacity (0.36 mg/g) of ﬂuoride on phosphate rock was observed at 50 mg/L initial ﬂuoride concentration using 2 g adsorbent dose.
Degradation of p-Nitrophenol by Arthrobacter Sp.Wy Isolated from the Parathion-Methyl Contaminated Site
Authors: Cheng Dong Xiang , Wen Yu Juan , Ying Hai Ning , Ren He Jun
Published: December 2012

A PNP -degrading strain was isolated from parathion-methyl contaminated soil sample and identified as Arthrobacter on the basis of its complete 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The strain could tolerate concentrations of PNP up to 300 mg/L and degrading completely 200 mg/L PNP within 16 h. To study the applicability of the strain for bioremediation of PNP, The effects of parameters such as pH value ,salinities, glucose concentrations on PNP degradation were investigated.The experimental results showed that biodegradation of PNP occurred quickly at an optimal pH of 8.0 and at 0.1% salt (NaCl) contents and 0.01%(W/V) glucose were the best cosubstrate for the process of PNP biodegradation.
Cladophora Spp. as an Indicator of the Salinity in Tidal River
Authors: Chang Shui Ping , Lee Yi Chao , Lee Chih Sheng , Kao Nien Hsin
Published: December 2012

The Cladophora genus comprises macro benthic green algae, widely distributed in fresh and salt water around the world. This study employed C. glomerata and C. vagabunda to observe changes in the thickness of the mucilage layer formed by extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and the number of epiphytic algae on the Cladophora species in different tidal reaches near the mouth of a river. Through a cultivation experiment, we observed the influence of salinity on the thickness of mucilage layers and the number of epiphytes on these two algal species. We discovered that the growth of C. glomerata is extremely sensitive to salinity; when salinity exceeds 1.0‰, a significant increase in EPS is induced, thickening the extracellular mucilage layer and affecting the attachment of epiphytes. Due to the wide distribution of C. glomerata, the sensitivity of this algal species to salinity can be employed as a biological indicator of variations in salinity.
Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Capacity in Barley Seedlings under the Combined Toxicity of Cadmium and Aluminum
Authors: Guo Tian Rong
Published: December 2012

Photosynthetic pigment content and photosynthetic activity, as well as the antioxidant capacity were estimated in barley seedlings after 10 or 20 d supplies of Al and Cd individual or combined in nutrient solution. The results showed that stress exposure strongly decreased photosynthetic pigment content and photosynthetic activity, as well as induced oxidative damage as evidenced by increased the activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malonaldehyde (MDA) content in barley leaves. The most obvious response was found in plants exposed to higher levels of Cd (10 μmol/L) or Al (90 μmol/L) in the nutrient medium. Binary metal combinations generally aggravated photosynthesis reduction and induced more serious oxidative stress as compared with Al or Cd single treatments, and the most deleterious effects were observed in the combination of 90 μmol/L Al+5 μmol/L Cd.
Analog Computation of Forms of Plutonium Presence in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Lei Jie Hong
Published: December 2012

In geological disposal of radioactive wastes, the study of Plutonium migration is very important for the safety evaluation of the repository. The forms of chemical components of Plutonium presence in aqueous solution that directly affect its migration behavior provide a basis for analog computation of the element. This paper uses PHREEQC, the geochemical model, for analog computation of forms of Plutonium presence in two types of groundwater, and analyzes the morphologies of the main elements and the influencing factors. The results show that the morphology of Plutonium is mainly controlled by the characteristics of the chemical composition of groundwater, while the PH value also has a great impact on the forms of Plutonium presence.
The Application of Epichlorohydrin-Dimethylamine Polymer Flocculant for Tannery Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Niu Yan , Ding Zhi Wen , Cheng Bao Zhen , Chen Yong Fang
Published: December 2012

A cationic organic flocculant epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine(EPI-DMA) was employed for the treatment of simulated leather-making process wastewater. The study aims at investigating the flocculation performance of EPI-DMA for the leather dyeing wastewater which contains fat-liquoring agent wastewater and retanning agent wastewater. The results show that decoloration efficiency of EPI-DMA for dyeing wastewater can reach around 90% with proper dosage. For containing retanning agent wastewater, EPI-DMA also has good flocculation performance, but for containing fat-liquoring agent wastewater, flocculation performance of EPI-DMA was poor.
Study on the Nano Material Produced by Diisopropylamine or N Butyl Alcohol as Exchange Solvent
Authors: Mei Lin , Peng Hun Yan , Song Shi Yuan , Sun Yu Hong , Liu Qi Tao , Zhang Ke , Shi Yong Gang
Published: December 2012

The technology of producing nano material by diisopropylamine as a replaced drying solvent has been studied．The products of Al(OH)3 and SiO2 are found to be amorphous aerogel．The nano particle of TiO2 produced by it is found to be smaller than that produced by n-butyl alcohol as a replaced drying Solvent．
The Combustion Synthesis of Nanoscale Ceria-Doped Calcia Solid Solution
Authors: Xu Jing , Chen Qing Hua , Liu Xin Ping , Huang Bao Quan , Qian Qing Rong
Published: December 2012

A nanoscale ceria-doped calcia solid solution has been synthesized by controled self-combustion method. The difference in crystal structure of samples prepared from different fuels were identified by XRD. The change of the crystal structure of the ceria-doped calcia sintering at different temperature was also investigated. SEM indicates that a nanoscale and uniform particle with diameter less than 100 nm was achieved by this method.
Adsorption of 2,4-Dichlorophenol on Meta-Aramid/Poly (acylic Acid) Composite Nanofibrous Membranes
Authors: Zhou Qi Jun , Xu Ran
Published: December 2012

Meta-aramid/poly (acylic acid) (PMIA/PAA) composite nanofibrous membranes with diameter between 50-100 nm have been fabricated by electrospinning method. The effect of contact time, temperature, pH and concentration of 2,4-dichlorophenol on the adsorption capacity of the membranes were investigated. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of 2,4-dichlorophenol on PMIA/PAA nanofibrous membranes is 251.61 mg/g. Acidic pH was favorable for the 2,4-dichlorophenol adsorption. Its desorption rate reached 74% in 45 min. After five regeneration cycles, the removal rate of 2,4-dichlorophenol still maintained above 65%. The adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenol on the membranes fit the Freundlich isotherm model best. Its adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model.
Research and Applying Evolution of High Efficient Water-Reducing Agent for High Performance Concrete
Authors: Wang Zheng Jun , Liang Jia Bin
Published: December 2012

This paper discusses the development of water-reducing agent and the present situation of the application of high performance concrete. The traditional concrete will be substituted by high performance concrete, green concrete. In the course of appearance of high performance and green, concrete admixtures plays an extremely important role. Concrete water-reducing agent is admixture of the main part. In the case of keeping liquidity, it can make water consumption reduce, so the concrete strength and durability can be improved. It is applicable to all kinds of industrial and civil construction engineering, and it can be applied to different strength grade of concrete. It has important significance for mass concrete engineering, marine building facilities, and component and product of high strength lightweight concrete.
The Response of Plant-Parasitic Community to Grazing Disturbance Gradien of Meadow Grassland
Authors: Hai Tang
Published: December 2012

The correlation between the number, variety dominance of plant nematode community and cover standing vegetation of plant community in Meadow grassland soil was studied under Grazing Disturbance Gradien, namely,Light grazing Moderate grazing Excessive grazing rest-grazing respectively.The result is as follows: in regions of different grazing systems the species of Plant-parasitic nematode were similar, while the total number of nematodes was significant. The plant-parasit nematode dominance was in following sequence under different grazing systems: excessive grazing site> Moderate grazing site > Light grazing > rest-grazing;The dominant genus of excessive grazing site is Xiphinema、Tylenchus、Helicotylenchus.The dominant genuses of the are rest-grazing Xiphinema、Tylenchus、Ditylenchu、Helicotylenchus、Longidorus ,plant parasite nematode sweremore sensitive to the excessive grazing site，correlation of plant-parasit nematode number with plant community standing vegetation was significantly positive, while that of plant-parasite dominance(%) was significantly negative.
Study on Integrated Evaluation of Urban Ecosystem Health of Old Industrial Relocated Area
Authors: Li Meng Ling , Wang Mei , Yu Yan Ru
Published: December 2012

This paper analyzes the development evolution of urban ecosystem health of old industrial relocated area on the base of the urban ecosystem health theories and methods. Taking Tie Xi District in Shenyang city as an example, the paper discusses the assessment index system of the urban ecosystem health of old industrial relocated area. Then the paper employs Analytic Hierarchy Process to determine the index weights and takes use of Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method to study the case.
Status and Analysis on Cognition and Handling Ability of Natural Disasters in Nursing Undergraduates
Authors: Xu Min , Xin Hong , Zhao Chunshan , Zeng Na
Published: December 2012

Nursing undergraduate students are a reserve force for the rescue of natural disaster. Their abilities in self-cognition and response are supposed to be closely related to the development and perfection of them in moral and personality, and their attitude and quality when they are engaged in nursing work in the future. The questionnaire investigation demonstrated that the nursing undergraduate students understood the natural disaster cognition to some extent, but their understanding was limited and one-sided; the students’ abilities in the disaster cognition were influenced by sex, the cognition on nursing specialized responsibility, the self-role cognition and the deed to disaster reserve knowledge (P < 0. 05), indicating that they did not have a full ability to deal with a disaster independently. Therefore, nursing undergraduate students should be educated through various pathways and in different forms in colleges and universities to improve their cognition on the disaster prevention and handling ability.
Security Evaluation of Urban Water Resource: The Case of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province
Authors: Wan Kun Yang
Published: December 2012

Based on expert judgment method, determine index weight with AHP method. From 5 aspects of water resource “engineering security, economic security, living security, environmental security and sustainable development security”, construct a security evaluation index framework of urban water resource, including 16 evaluation indexes. According to system security, security of urban water resource is divided into 5 levels: hazardous, unsafe, safe, good and completely adaptive, and corresponding warning light is red, orange, yellow, blue and green. Empirical results show that factors restricting security of Hangzhou water resource are mainly water resource engineering security and sustainable development security.
On Geo-Environment Deterioration Triggered by Earthquake Disaster — The Case of Anjiagou Debris Flow in Miansi Town, Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province
Authors: Hu Jin , Yang Xue Zhi
Published: December 2012

The gully, Anjiagou, located in Gaodian Village of Miansi Town, Wenchuan County, in Aba Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province, is an old debris flow gully. Influenced by “5.12” Wenchuan earthquake, lots of secondary geological disasters as landslide, slump or unstable slope occurred in the gully; further, adverse geologic phenomena got worse; loose or porous solid material source increased largely. These resulted in highly debris flow proneness and rising danger.That is, Possibility of large-scale debris flow occurrence increased greatly. As is usual in disaster-stricken area, earthquake makes geo-environment deteriorate seriously. Projects in such area, which have passed geo-environmental assessment, should be reevaluated.
The Combined Effects of Endotoxin and PM2.5 on Cytotoxicity and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in A549 Cells
Authors: Shang Yu , Fan Lan Lan , Zhang Ling
Published: December 2012

Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) is found to be associated with adverse cardiopulmonary diseases. Endotoxin presented in PM is suggested to be one of the most important factors in triggering pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine release upon the exposure of PM. Pre-treated with endotoxin is found to enhance the inflammatory responses induced by PM in cultured cells. The aim of present study is to investigate the roles of endotoxin on the cytotoxicity and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by PM2.5 in a human lung epithelial cell line A549. The results find that PM2.5 induced a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability and pre-treated with endotoxin did not change the cytotoxicity of PM2.5 in A549 cells. Nevertheless the endotoxin significantly reduced the ROS generation in A549 induced by PM2.5 at the dose of 400 μg/mL. The results indicated that the combined effects of endotoxin and PM were complex and deserved further investigations.
Comparing Deterministic and Probabilistic Risk Assessment at a Coking Plant Site in China
Authors: Jia Xiao Yang , Xia Tian Xiang , Zhong Mao Sheng , Liang Jing
Published: December 2012

Application of probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) and deterministic risk assessment (DRA) at a coking plant site were compared. By DRA, Hazard Quotient (HQ) following exposure to Naphthalene (Nap) and Incremental Life Cancer Risk (ILCR) following exposure to Benzo(a)pyrene (Bap) are 1.87 and 2.12×10-4. PRA reveals valuable information regarding the possible distribution of risk, and the outputs show that Nap HQ ranges from 6.18×10-7to 6.62 and Bap ILCR ranges from 8.67×10-10to 6.89×10-4. Risk estimates of DRA locates at the 99.59th and 99.76th percentiles in the risk outputs of PRA, indicating the DRA overestimates the risk. Sensitivity analysis was done by calculating a contribution to variance for each exposure parameter and it is found that contaminant concentration in the soil (Cs), exposure duration (ED), soil ingestion rate (IRs) are the most important parameters for risk calculations
Evaluation Model of Ground Water Vulnerability and its Application
Authors: Xu Jin , Xu Li Gang , Dong Lei
Published: December 2012

Vulnerability assessment for groundwater pollution is an important indication for groundwater management in many areas of the world. According to the principles of systemic evaluation indicators and its impact factors, the GOD model is selected as the fundamental method for groundwater vulnerability assesment in Jiangying City. Furthermore,the scientific and rational evaluation results are demonstrated. The findings in this paper is helpful in providing some reference or basis for sustainable development of regional groundwater capacity, and evaluating sustainable agricultural development capacity of Jiangyin city. The evaluation results for groundwater quality is consisted with the actually situation in study area. The work is meaningful to guide a theoretical and practical regulation for groundwater resource, as well as to explore the mechanism of groundwater contamination resulting from agricultural activities.
Evaluation Heavy Metals Pollution in Topsoil around Dalate Power Plant in Erdos
Authors: Zhang Jing Xia , Xu Jie , Mo Yuan
Published: December 2012

The concentrations of heavy metals(Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu and Pb) in topsoil and dust-fall around Dalate Power Plant were analyzed for assessing heavy metals pollution risk in Erdos, China. Topsoil and plants were collected in open area. The results show topsoil windward of Dalate Plant is clean. Topsoil leeward is polluted by heavy metals, heavy metals concentrations increase till 2500m, then decrease to background level. Dust-fall is an important heavy-metals source leeward.CF and PN indicate there are slight Cr and Cd pollution in 2500m topsoil. The rest topsoil is suspected contaminated by heavy metals. Ex indicate Cr and Cd pollution can be monitored and restored by Didymodon vinealis and Bryum argenteum Hedw., Zn and Cu pollution can be monitored and restores by Populus sinonii and Artemisia ordosica in the area.