bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconceptualizing Cosmopolitanism in Language and Literacy Education: Insights from a Singapore School
Authors: Costa Peter De
Published: March 2024

By examining how a student from Vietnam used English to interact with her peers in an English-medium secondary school in Singapore, this paper argues for an examination of language and literacy development through a cosmopolitan lens. Building on earlier research on cosmopolitanism (e.g., Campano & Ghiso, 2011; Canagarajah, 2013a, 2013b, 2013c; Hansen, 2010; Hull & Stornaiuolo, 2010), I illustrate how a broader understanding of cosmopolitanism in language and literacy education is timely in the wake of contemporary transcultural flows that characterize globalization, the emergence of a neoliberal order in education, and a pressing need to address educational inequities encountered by the growing number of immigrant learners whose home languages may not be valued in classrooms. The data in this paper, which include politicalspeeches, school documents, and classroom interactions, are part of a larger, yearlong critical ethnographic study and are subjected to microethnographic discourse analysis (Bloome & Carter, 2014). Through investigating how local interactional events are linked to broader events in wider Singapore society, I demonstrate how my Vietnamese focal student and her Singaporean peers were able to enact and develop a cosmopolitan outlook. Implications on language and literacy development are also discussed.
High School English Language Arts Teachers’ Argumentative Epistemologies for Teaching Writing
Authors: Newell George E. , VanDerHeide Jennifer , Olsen Allison Wynhoff
Published: March 2024

Although current research and professional development on teaching of argumentative writing focus on “best practices,” we offer the construct of argumentative epistemologies to consider how English language arts teachers approach teaching and how they understand their students’ capacity for and interest in argumentation. Drawing on historical emphases in writing theory, we describe and illustrate three argumentative epistemologies: structural, ideational, and social practice. In an observational study of 31 high school English language arts classrooms, teachers’ enacted writing instruction foregrounded either formal elements of students’ arguments, the ideas and content of students’ arguments, or consideration of the complexity and variability of social contexts within which students wrote arguments. Case study analysis of three teachers illustrates the three argumentative epistemologies, how these epistemologies were socially constructed during instructional conversations, and how they were made visible through language use in and about classroom literacy events. These argumentative epistemologies have significance for teacher education, school writing research, and professional development, furthering our understanding of how and why teachers choose to adopt particular approaches to argumentative writing.
Do You Care to Add Something? Articulating the Student Interlocutor’s Voice in Writing Response Dialogue
Authors: Awad Scrocco Diana Lin
Published: March 2024

In this study, I use think-aloud protocol methods to determine how students respond to their teacher’s conversational and nonconversational written feedback on their writing.
Readers Write: Why We Won’t See Textbooks in Our Disciplinary Rear View Mirror in the Near Future
Authors: Rodrigo Rochelle (Shelley)
Published: March 2024

Although not everyone needs textbooks, they still actively serve four audiences within the discipline.
Forums: Bridging the Gap between High School and College Writing
Authors: Sehulster Patricia J.
Published: March 2024

This essay offers a rationale for, a history of, and some guidelines for creating a dialogue between high school teachers of writing and college instructors of writing that at minimum can give the participants a doorway to each other and at most can provide their students with some link between the two worlds.
Building Racial Literacy in First-Year Composition
Authors: Sealey-Ruiz Yolanda
Published: March 2024

The author presents findings from a research study that examines the use of a racial literacy approach to teaching first-year composition.
Feature: Blogging in the Literature Survey Course: Making Relevance, Not Waiting for It
Authors: Wender Emily
Published: March 2024

Classifying the literature survey course as an exit from literary study more often than an “introduction” to advanced courses, this article explores how sophomore-level literature courses can use the genre of published literary blogs to help student writers find relevance in their reading of unfamiliar texts.
Feature: “Space to Grow”: Grading Contracts for Basic Writers
Authors: Blackstock Alan , Exton Virginia Norris
Published: March 2024

The article provides suggestions for using a grading contract/portfolio approach to assessing writing for introductory composition classes comprised of basic writers.
Feature: Making Voice Visible: Using Graphic Narrative in the Composition Classroom
Authors: Thomsen Jessi
Published: March 2024

This article addresses the challenge of teaching voice in the introductory composition classroom, using graphic narrative to make voice visible for students as they identify and rhetorically compose their own voices.
Feature: Responding with the Golden Rule: A Cross-Institutional Peer Review Experiment
Authors: Getchell Kristen , Amicucci Ann N.
Published: March 2024

Instructors recount the challenges and successes that accompanied a collaborative peer review project between first-year college students at two institutions.
Feature: The Poetic and the Personal: Toward a Pedagogy of Social Equity in English Language Learning
Authors: Bizzaro Patrick , Baker John
Published: March 2024

In this essay, two poets who have taught language learners in the United States and abroad argue for the use of personal writing, preferably poetry from students’ home cultures, as a bridge to writing in academic genres.
Teaching Andrew: My Journey of Discovery into the World of Autism
Authors: Baland Eileen
Published: March 2024

Eileen Baland puts the person before the label, as she recounts meeting and interacting with Andrew, a student with autism.
Nurturing the Writer Within: Meaning-Making and Self-Reflexivity through Found Poetry
Authors: Statz Heather
Published: March 2024

Heather Statz shows how creating found poetry can help high school students think more deeply about their world.
Talking TAWL
Authors: Schultz David P.
Published: March 2024

Members of the various TAWL groups update us on their activities and support for teachers.
Students as Integral Contributors to Classroom Research
Authors: Gutshall Tara L. , Kuby Candace R.
Published: March 2024

The authors use a classroom inquiry with second graders to show that students are important co-contributors to classroom research.
From the Editors
Authors: MacPhee Deborah , Brown Sally
Published: March 2024

Editors Sally Brown and Deborah MacPhee introduce the current issue, which focuses on Close Reading and Text Complexity.
Books for Young Adolescents: Honoring the Student Voices in Young Adult Literature
Authors: Bird Shawn , Giles Vickey M.
Published: March 2024

Teenagers recognize when a voice sounds like an adult pretending to be a teen, and when the issues are tough, they won’t listen to anything but an authentic voice. Here are six young adult novels that stay true to the voices of teenagers: Once by Morris Gleitzman; Breathless by Lurlene McDaniel; Smile by Raina Telgemeier; Savvy by Ingrid Law; Willow by Julia Hoban, and The Seventh Level by Jody Feldman.
Professional Reading for Middle Level Educators
Authors: Silvers Penny , Shah Priya M. , Sparber Sarah Fox
Published: March 2024

Reviewed are books that present ways to use the many and varied literacies of reading, writing, music, art, and digital technologies to engage our students in powerful learning: Adolescents and Digital Literacies: Learning Alongside Our Students by Sara Kajder; The Socially Networked Classroom: Teaching in the New Media Age by William Kist; Fresh Takes on Teaching Literary Elements: How to Teach What Really Matters about Character, Setting, Point of View, and Theme by Michael W. Smith and Jeffrey D. Wilhelm; The Magic of Middle School Musicals by Victor Bobetsky; Teaching Middle School Writers: What Every English Teacher Needs to Know by Laura Robb.
Student to student Getting through Tough Times: What Adolescents Can Learn from Literary Characters
Authors: Ranck-Buhr Wendy
Published: March 2024

Learning to navigate tough times is one of the hallmarks of adolescent development. Many teens look to the adults and peers around them to help them make decisions and take action when times are tough, but books are another source of insight and learning. The books in this column have resonated with middle school students and have helped them to learn some valuable lessons about dealing with tough times.
Teaching the (Uni)Verse: An Essay for Teachers of Languages, Texts, and Cultures
Authors: Kirkland David E.
Published: March 2024

This article explores the “expanding universe of texts,” arguing for new conceptions of literacies emblematic of new media, new cultures, new languages, and the absolution of new selves. The author maintains that teaching English language arts in the 21st century is tantamount to exploring a new frontier, an organic space that opposes the restrictions placed upon it by most standards documents. The author concludes that while new literacies are emerging, old literacies are being justified in ways that threaten the progressive course of civilization and that reflect prior systems of wrongs.
Assessment: The Bridge between Teaching and Learning
Authors: Wiliam Dylan
Published: March 2024

Formative assessment is defined by crossing three key processes in learning (where students are going, where they are right now, and how to get there) with three kinds of agents in classrooms (teachers, peers, and learners). This yields a definition of formative assessment as comprising five key strategies: clarifying, sharing and understanding learning intentions; engineering effective discussions, activities, and tasks that elicit evidence of learning; providing feedback that moves learning forward; activating students as learning resources for one another; and activating students as owners of their own learning. Each of the five strategies is discussed in turn, and practical classroom techniques that middle school teachers of English language arts can implement in their classrooms are presented.
“It’s a Juggling Act Sometimes”: Peers and Teachers Supporting Students’ Writing Lives
Authors: Peterson Shelley Stagg
Published: March 2024

Drawing on research and my own experiences as a classroom and university teacher, I propose that reader-based feedback is a natural fit for peers and that criterion-based feedback is best provided by teachers, though both teachers and peers can give both types of feedback. While scaffolding is needed to support students' provision of criterion-based peer feedback, extensive formal teaching should not be needed to support reader-based peer feedback. In addition, teachers should encourage students to elicit feedback from peers as they develop a stronger sense of writing as a meaningful social practice, especially when feedback is focused on their own purposes for writing.
Spanish, Mathematics, and English: The Languages of Success in a Grade 8 Class
Authors: Hansen Jane , Thunder Kateri
Published: March 2024

The English Language Learners in this eighth-grade, “standard”-level mathematics class used talk, reading, and writing in the languages of English, mathematics, and Spanish to succeed. Their mathematics workshop was open three days a week, and almost the entire 90 minutes of their block was devoted to work time, during which the teacher constantly conferred with the students. Overall, the mathematical procedures were problematic for these students. They needed translation of vocabulary, of course, but their need to understand English within mathematics posed a specific challenge because common English words became problematic in mathematics contexts. At year’s end, all passed their state test.
Media at the Core: How Media Literacy Strategies Strengthen Teaching with Common Core
Authors: Moore David Cooper , Redmond Theresa
Published: March 2024

The key concepts of media literacy education offer many ways to strengthen English language arts (ELA) teaching through the Common Core State Standards (CCSS). This article focuses on connections between effective practices in media literacy education and alignment with the Common Core State Standards, including an expansion of teachers’ conception of texts to include understanding and creation in a variety of media forms; integrating media and technology across school subjects; modeling strong research practices in an increasingly information-rich environment; analyzing and creating various genres of nonfiction texts; and engaging students in civic participation. This media literacy education framework encourages teachers using the CCSS to consider a variety of nonprint texts beyond “exemplary” materials, reflect on the role of technology tools in the classroom, and balance analysis activities with media creation.
Speaking and Listening during Small-Group Reading Instruction
Authors: Degener Sophie , Berne Jennifer
Published: March 2024

This article describes a structure for small-group reading instruction in middle grade classrooms that privileges the conversations engendered from a student's out-loud reading of a challenging text. During individual student’ teacher interactions, a teacher and student can delve deeply into literacy processes, using skills in speaking and listening to work through the reading struggles. Student reading can be the subject of rich discussions between students and their teachers. In doing so, teacher and student attend to standards for reading, listening, and speaking, an efficiency needed as time seems to shrink and demands expand.
Primero yo: Triage sin demoras, ni complicaciones y humanizado
Authors: Marín Cadavid Luis Fernando , Lopera Betancur Martha Adiela , Forero Pulido Constanza
Published: March 2024

Objetivo principal: Comprender el significado que los pacientes que consultan al servicio de urgencias le dan al proceso de triage. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo con enfoque etnográfico, la información se recolectó por medio de 14 entrevistas semiestructuradas y se llevó diario de campo, para el análisis se sacaron unidades de significado que se agruparon en categorías. Resultados principales: Los participantes acuden al servicio de urgencias después de intentar manejar sus situaciones por medio de recursos que tienen en su entorno, al no encontrar soluciones se desplazan al servicio de urgencias, donde quieren ser atendidos inmediatamente, sin embargo, encuentran barreras que los presiona a usar estrategias para lograr la solución de sus necesidades en la atención de urgencias, en todo este proceso los pacientes esperan ser “primero yo” en la atención. Conclusión principal: el significado que los pacientes le dan al triage es que ellos sean el eje de la atención y por lo tanto tienen la expectativa que sea sin demora, sin complicaciones y que sea humanizado.
Hot Air Drying of Brazilian Spinach Leaves
Authors: Norawanis Abdul Razak  , Lim Teik Wei  , Lee Yit Leng  , Sriyana Abdullah
Published: March 2024

Brazilian spinach is one of the best leafy vegetables with tons of nutrients and has a range of health benefits. Its quality also determines the acceptance of customers to buy and consume it. The common method to extend the shelf life of the spinach is through drying treatment and preserving the color and texture quality of the leaves. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the drying characteristics of Brazilian spinach and investigate the effect of drying temperature on the color and texture quality of Brazilian spinach. Brazilian spinach leaves were dried using a hot air dryer under different temperatures (30, 50, 70 and 90°C). Results showed that the drying rate increased when temperature increased. It was found that the Midili model gave the best fitting to the experimental moisture ratio for a specific drying treatment. Drying the Brazilian spinach leaves at 50°C was the best condition for preserving their color and texture properties.
More Rights, More Responsibilities: A Post-Bruen Proposal for Concealed Carry Compromise
Authors: Smotherman Tyler R.
Published: March 2024

“Guns don’t kill people. People kill people.” If true, this gun rights refrain cuts both ways. If the person—rather than the gun—is the causal variable behind violent crime, accidental gun deaths, and mass shootings, it follows that not all people should be permitted to carry firearms. In other words, if the problem is not too many guns but simply guns in the wrong hands, laws regulating the public carry of arms should limit arms to the thoroughly trained, vetted, and law abiding. To this end, loaded, concealed handguns should not be carried by the criminally inclined, the incompetent, or the irresponsible. Unfortunately, recent judicial and legislative developments are producing just that result. The Supreme Court recently held—in New York State Rifle & Pistol Association v. Bruen—that the Second Amendment protects the right to carry a handgun for self-defense outside the home. The Court also held that states can only prohibit firearms in a few narrowly construed “sensitive places.” Simultaneously, states are enacting “constitutional carry” at an astounding rate—allowing ordinary adults to carry concealed handguns without any training, background check, or permit. The combined effect of Bruen and the constitutional carry wave is more guns in more places carried by more untrained and unvetted hands. This Article—the first of its kind in the academic literature—offers a statutory solution to both these challenges. For better or worse, constitutional carry and Bruen are here to stay. States should adapt by adopting bifurcated statutory systems in which unlicensed and licensed carry coexist. In the twenty-seven (and counting) constitutional carry states, concealed carry permits should remain available, and citizens should have to undergo extensive training and background checks to obtain them. But data shows that permit numbers drop precipitously when states enact constitutional carry. Therefore, to incentivize armed citizens to voluntarily undergo thorough training and vetting, states should exempt permit holders from most location-based restrictions on firearms. By banning unlicensed and open carry in some public spaces—but authorizing licensed concealed carry—states can limit the number of firearms in public (especially those in untrained hands) while still complying with Bruen. This Article presents a comprehensive framework for how states can responsibly embrace constitutional carry.
Motivation In Second Language Acquisition; Primary Schools of Tanzania
Authors: Kadau Ibrahimu
Published: March 2024

Motivation is among the leading predictors of second language learning. This study investigated the influence of motivation on second language (English) acquisition in primary school students. The study used a qualitative research approach, with case study design as the strategy. The researcher employed purposive sampling to conduct interviews with three primary school English language teachers. Besides, documentary reviews were used to collect suitable data for the study. The findings indicated that motivation is a paramount factor for Second language acquisition (SLA), however, cultivation of motivation to primary school students is a hindrance to most teachers as capacity to use varied experience, student’s efforts, and the learning environment obscuring cultivation of effective motivation. In conclusion, for effective SLA, teachers should develop their skills at fostering motivation to SL learners.
Science should be as fast as possible and as slow as necessary to do good research
Authors: Rohlfing Ingo
Published: March 2024

The LSE Impact blog has a post from May 2021 raising some reservations about the idea of ‘Slow Science’. The ‘Slow Science’ idea hasn’t really picked up in academia, as far as I can tell. The post presents some good thoughts about why the “slowness-idea” is problematic in general. I agree that slowness is not a value in itself. Sometimes, developments and events like a pandemic demand it to do research faster than one would do it otherwise.
People require preregistration, not methods
Authors: Rohlfing Ingo
Published: March 2024

Many APSA 2016 panels and discussions in the Section on Qualitative and Multimethod Research and the Political Methodology Section were centered on the Data Access and Research Transparency (DART) Initiative (probably worth a blog post of its own). Even panels not explicitly dedicated to DART have digressed into this topic, which includes a short exchange between Tasha Fairfield and me in a panel on causal inference in qualitative research.
How to use GPT-4V For Stoplight Report
Authors: Zhang Yunzhong
Published: March 2024

Efficient creation of a stoplight report with data dashboard images

Author: Yunzhong Zhang (ORCID: 0009–0002–8177–419X) Comparing data dashboards is crucial for understanding trends and performance differences. Traditionally, this task required manual effort, which was slow and sometimes inaccurate. Now, thanks to OpenAI’s GPT-4 with Vision (GPT-4V), we are able to automate and improve this process.
Vitamin D and vitamin D binding protein levels in COVID-19 intensive care unit patients: A prospective multicenter study
Authors: Diker Vesile , Yılmaz Gülseren , Düz Muhammed , Algemi Mürvet , Köseoğlu Mehmet , Emre Hümeyra , Oğuz Osman
Published: March 2024

Background: Vitamin D binding protein plays a crucial role in regulating vitamin D levels by carrying vitamin D and its metabolites and immunological response by binding to endotoxins and fatty acids. We aimed to compare vitamin D, DBP, and specific inflammatory markers among intensive care unit (ICU) patients with and without the COVID19 virus. Methods: This multicenter study in two training and research hospitals included 37 (13 female) COVID-19positive and 51 (34 female) COVID-19-negative ICU patients. 25(OH) vitamin D, DBP, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), D-dimer, troponin T (TnT), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and ferritin levels, survival, mortality rates, duration of stay (ICU) were examined. Results: We observed higher ferritin and CRP levels, along with lower DBP, TnT, and D-dimer levels, in patients with COVID-19. ICU patients with COVID-19 exhibited elevated mortality rates (Odds Ratio: 3.012, 95% Confidence Interval (1.252-7.248), p=0.013). However, no statistically significant correlation was observed between mortality rates and Vitamin D or DBP levels across the ICU patient cohort. Conclusions: Vitamin D values were found to be low in all intensive care patients, regardless of their COVID-19 status. Contrary to the literature, COVID-19 patients had lower D-dimer and TNT levels than negative controls. However, COVID-19-positive ICU patients have decreased DBP. Further, DBP gene polymorphism studies are needed to explain this situation.
Lifestylopathy: A Holistic Approach to Healthcare
Authors: Alzeer Jawad
Published: March 2024

In response to ongoing challenges in achieving complete recovery from diseases like cancer and Alzheimer’s, alternative medicine approaches such as Lifestylopathy have emerged, aiming to complement conventional treatments and address complex health issues holistically. Lifestylopathy integrates principles from physics, chemistry, and medicine to comprehend the body at molecular and quantum levels, emphasizing preventive measures and comprehensive recovery by striking a balance between entropy (disorder) and potential energy (order). Through maintaining equilibrium between anabolic and catabolic processes and modulating neurotransmitters, Lifestylopathy regulates homeostasis, enriching potential energy while preventing entropy accumulation, thereby activating the immune system’s fight mode and bolstering resilience against diseases. This transformative approach underscores holistic well-being and the intricate interplay between potential energy and entropy, suggesting that integrating Lifestylopathy principles into healthcare practices holds promise for fostering harmony and vibrant health across individuals and societies.
The Prevalence of COVID-19 Infection in Patients Presented with Acute Exacerbation of Asthma, COPD and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis at the Emergency Department of Al-Shaab Teaching Hospital from July 2021 to November 2021
Authors: Abdulkareem Bur Isra Mufadal
Published: March 2024

Background: The ongoing global pandemic of COVID-19 has raised concerns about its impact on patients with pre-existing respiratory conditions. Understanding the association between COVID-19 and chronic lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is crucial for early detection and appropriate management. Studying the prevalence rates of COVID-19 in this specific patient population will contribute to the existing knowledge and inform healthcare strategies for better patient care. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of COVID-19 infection in patients who presented with acute exacerbation of asthma, COPD and IPF. Method: This cross-sectional descriptive hospital-based study was conducted at Al-Shaab Teaching Hospital in Sudan and included adult Sudanese patients with exacerbation of asthma, COPD, or IPF who presented in the ER from February 2021 to July 2021. A representative sample of 345 patients was selected using a convenience, non-randomized sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Ethical clearance and approval were obtained for the study. Results: The study included 175 (50.7%) patients with asthma, 116 (33.6%) with IPF and 54 (15.7%) with COPD. The overall prevalence of COVID-19 among the patients was 58 (16.8%). Among the three groups, the highest prevalence of COVID-19 was observed in 22 (40.7%) patients with COPD, followed by 16 (13.8%) patients with IPF and 20 (11.4%) asthmatic patients (p value < 0.05). In the asthmatic patients, the most common age groups affected were 25-34 years and 35-44 years, while in COPD and IPF patients, the prevalence was higher among patients aged 55 years and above (p value < 0.05). Additionally, the prevalence of COVID-19 in COPD and IPF patients was significantly higher among males than females (p value < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of COVID-19 among patients with pre-existing respiratory conditions, such as asthma, COPD and IPF, is considerable, with the highest prevalence observed in patients with COPD. Furthermore, this study found that age and gender are associated factors with the prevalence of COVID-19 in these patient populations. These findings contribute to our understanding of the association between COVID-19 and chronic lung diseases, providing valuable information for early detection and appropriate management. The results of this study can inform healthcare strategies and contribute to better patient care in this specific patient population.
Final Report of the First Summit of the Violence, Security and Peace (VSP) Network:(Re)building Trust and Democracy: Violence, Security and Peace in Latin America
Authors: Peña-Niño Omar Dario , McFee Erin
Published: March 2024

The report on the 1st conference of the Violence, Security and Peace (VSP) Network, titled "(Re)building Trust and Democracy: Violence, Security and Peace in Latin America" recaps a multisectorial and interdisciplinary gathering that took place on May 18th and 19th, 2023 in Bogotá, Colombia. The summit aimed at examining and identifying potential solutions to the current challenges facing Latin America in terms of violence prevention, security provision, and peacebuilding. It served as a platform where over 120 actors from the private, public, academic, and civil society sectors in the region shared their experiences, collaborated, and devised new strategies for the (re)construction of trust and democracy within their societies as the overarching goal.
Integrating Play-Based Approaches in Pediatric Rehabilitation-A High Time to Break Free From Traditional Methods
Authors: Siddique Maha
Published: March 2024

Highlighting the global prevalence of pediatric physical disabilities, particularly in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, this letter underscores the neglect and stigma faced by affected children. Emphasizing the inadequacies of traditional rehabilitation methods, it advocates for a paradigm shift towards play-based approaches. Integrating play into rehabilitative care is crucial for fostering positive neural plasticity and enhancing treatment adherence, especially in resource-constrained settings. This urgent call seeks to improve outcomes and promote a holistic approach to pediatric rehabilitation.
Association between Attachment Styles and Depression Severity in Young Adults from Divorced or Single-Parent Households - A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jehangir Sarah , Khalid Syeda Sania
Published: March 2024

Background: Early attachment experiences significantly influence cognitive schemas and interpersonal connections. Depression, affecting 280 million globally, has genetic and environmental origins. The link between childhood attachment styles and depression is extensively researched, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions.

Methods: Adhering to STROBE guidelines, the study includes 165 participants aged 18 to 30, diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Data collection involves ECR-R for attachment styles and BDI-II for depression severity. Statistical analyses include frequency distributions and chi-square tests.

Results: Demographic findings revealeda diverse sample, primarily university students from divorced families. Attachment styles distribution indicates a balance between secure and dismissing patterns. Depression severity is notably moderate. Secure attachments correlate with lower instances of severe depression, while preoccupied and fearful styles predict higher severity.

Conclusion: The study underscores the intricate link between attachment styles and depression severity in young adults from divorced or single-parent households. Secure attachments show protective effects, emphasizing the lasting impact of early experiences.

Keywords: Major Depressive Disorder, Mental Health, Parent-Child Relations, Young Adults.
Examining the Use of Wearable Health Devices for Tracking Physical Activity in Elderly Populations
Authors: Kayani Aneek , Sajid Iqra , Azfar Hanan , Habiba Umm-e- , Zafar Ibraheem , Masood Ramsha
Published: March 2024

Background: In this modern world, the increased use of wearable technologies is evident owing to significant advances. This study explores how wearable technologies help monitor and enhance physical activity levels among older adults, thus providing valuable insights into their health.

Methods: A longitudinal study recruited older adults from community homes to investigate the impact of wearable technologies among them to evaluate physical activity levels. A self-design questionnaire was used for data evaluation at 3 points, i.e., at baseline, three months, and six months, to observe the change in physical activity trends.

Results: The responses on the usage of wearable technologies and their impact on physical activity levels showed that n=103 males and n=98 females were unaware of the use of wearable gadgets and had no idea about the availability of such gadgets in the labour market. Moreover, chi-square analyses revealed that the likelihood of using wearable gadgets to quantify PA was non-significant, with p<0.05 among the elderly population.

Conclusion: The findings of this longitudinal study highlight the potential advantages of wearable health devices in promoting physical activity among older populations. The results show that these gadgets may be motivational aids, resulting in notable increases in step counts, resting heart rates, and users’ opinions of wearable technology.

Keywords: Blood Pressure, Elderly, Heart Rate, Physical Activity.
Frequency of Physical Activity in Acute or Chronic Smoker among General Population of Karachi - A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shahzad Sana , Iqbal Samreen , Ahmed Hamza
Published: March 2024

Background: This research aims to evaluate the frequency of physical activity among acute or chronic smokers in Karachi's general population, recognizing the reciprocal influence between smoking and physical activity on overall health. Assessing exercise frequency among smokers is crucial, considering the commonly observed association between smoking and declining bodily functions, making it pivotal for comprehensive health assessment.

Methods: In this study, a cross-sectional survey involved 316 healthy adults aged 15-69 years, utilizing convenience sampling is used for diverse demographic representation. Data on demographic details, smoking status, and physical activity levels were collected through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The subsequent analysis, conducted using SPSS version 0.22, aimed to scrutinize the impact of smoking on participants' physical activity.

Results: Among the participants, a majority (76.9%) held jobs with varying physical activity levels. For transportation, nearly all employed modes showed varying physical activity intensities, with 59.8% reporting low, 25.3% moderate, and 14.9% vigorous activity levels. Engagement in household chores and family care displayed diverse physical activity levels: 66.5% reported low, 24.1% moderate, and 9.1% vigorous activities. Similar trends were observed for house maintenance and family care, with 69.0% reporting low, 14.6% moderate, and 16.5% vigorous activities.

Conclusion: The study indicates that smokers participate in physical activity less frequently, underscoring the need for heightened attention to their exercise habits. These findings underscore the importance of tailoring health strategies for smokers and examining lifestyle factors influencing their physical well-being.

Keywords: Physical Activity, METs, Smoking, Well-being.
Factors Affecting the Integrity of Financial Statements with Company Size as a Moderation Variable
Authors: Amalia Nurhidayah Ainun , Wawo Andi , Jannah Raodahtul
Published: March 2024

This study aims to examine the effect of audit quality, audit committee, leverage, and independent commissioners on the integrity of financial statements in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2021. This study also examines whether company size can moderate the respective relationship between audit quality, audit committee, leverage, and independent commissioners on the integrity of financial statements. This study used a quantitative approach with a comparative causal type. The population in this study is all manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2021. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The data used in this study is secondary data accessed through the IDX website. Data analysis uses multiple regression analysis for audit quality hypothesis, audit committee, leverage, and the independent commissioner as well as absolute difference value analysis for audit quality, audit committee, leverage, and independent commissioner on financial statement integrity with company size as a moderation variable. The results of this study show that the quality of audits, audit committees, leverage, and independent commissioners have a positive and significant effect on the integrity of financial statements. The moderation variable is the size of the company able to moderate the relationship between audit quality, audit committee, and leverage on the integrity of financial statements.
A Study On Evaluating Service Quality Of Mumbai Metro Trains Using Servqual Model - Line 1, Line 2a And Line 7
Authors: Jain Dr. Aparna , Shah Ms. Aafreen , Lad Ms. Kshamata Sachin , Rathod Ms. Monika
Published: March 2024

The main aim of the study is to measure the service quality of Mumbai metro trains in general and to evaluate the service quality gap between the perception and expectation of commuters, as there are many metro lines under construction but the present study focuses only on 3 metro lines that are in operation currently, the two new lines of the Mumbai metro viz Line 2A - Andheri West to Anand Nagar and Line 7 - Gundavli to Dahisar started in January 2023 whereas line 1- from Ghatkopar to Versova has operated since 2014. The SERVQUAL Model is used to analyze the service quality gap, 5 constructs of the model were studied consisting of 3 factors in every i.e.15 questions of the SERVQUAL model were used in the study, Data has been collected from 120 Metro travelers of Mumbai City using Google forms. (Minimum sample required at 0.5 effect size, Alpha of 5%, and power of test 95% to apply paired t-test = 54) non-probability convenience sampling technique was used for the current study. Both primary and secondary data collection techniques have been used for the present study. SPSS 26 has been used for the current study, and the technique applied for the analysis is paired t–test. As per the findings of the research, there is no service gap in the constructs of Reliability, Tangibility, and Assurance but there exists a service gap in a few items of empathy and responsiveness.
قوة القوانين الدولية وتطبيقها على العلاقات بين الدول
Authors: ا. م. د. احمد حاتم جبار
Published: March 2024

قوة القوانين وتطبيقها هو أحدُ أهمِّ أهدافِ الدول والمنظمات الدولية، حيث تعتبر قوة القوانين وتطبيقها سبب التعاون والتضامن في العلاقات الدولية، فوجود علاقات بين المجتمعات لا ينطلق أساسًا إلَّا من الإحساس بالأمن، وهذا لا يمكن أنْ ينعكسَ إلَّا في وجود حظرٍ حقيقيٍّ على استخدام القوة في العلاقات بين الدول، وعلى ذلك، فإنَّ فرض مثل هذا القيد على استخدام القوة في العلاقات الدولية ليس بالأمر السهل، ولاسيَّما بالنظر إلى غموض الصكوك والمواثيق الدولية التي تحكمها وتنظمها، فهذا كلّه من شأنّه أنْ يفتحَ الطريق أمام تفسيراتٍ مختلفة ومتباينة وهذا ما جسدته في كثيرٍ من الأحيان سلوكيات الدول.
النظم القانونية والسياسية في فكر مونتسكيو
Authors: م.د. ياسر طه ياسين  , م.د.نشوان تكليف جيثوم
Published: March 2024

المعروف بمونتسكيو هو "شارل لو دي سيكوندا" ولد في جنوب غرب فرنسا بالقرب من مدينة بوردو عام (1689) حيث تعلم واصبح مستشار في محكمة بوردو عام (1714)، ثم أصبح رئيساً للمحكمة عام (1716)، وورث المنصب من عمه، كما ورث لقبه منه، انتقل إلى باريس بعد ان استقال من عمله، ولقى ترحيباً في صالونات باريس بعد ان انتشر كتابه رسائل فارسية، توفي في (1755). ابتداءاً بدأ "مونتسكيو" بدراسة الدولة الرومانية وأسباب عظمتها وثم انحطاطها، وانصب عمله على تحليل قوانين الرومان ومفاعيلها وعرض ايجابيتها وسلبياتها. وبحث مونتسكيو في قوانين الأمم المجاورة من اليونانين والانكليز والجرمان وكان يسعى من خلال الدراسة التحليلة المعمقة لتجارب الأمم إلى الوصول إلى معرفة أي القوانين أنسب وأفضل تطبيقاً وأقل ضرراً. ومن ثم أنتقل "مونتسكيو" لبحث النظم السياسية في الأمم وأسسها وايجابيتها وسلبياتها وأسباب انهيارها. وكان تأثير "مونتسكيو" عظيماً في مطلع الثورة كما في آخرها، كما أُعجب الكثير من الباحثين بطريقته العلمية وعلى تصنيفه الجديد لنظم الحكم، ولما كان لأفكاره من قيمة فلسفية وفكرية تكشف المشاكل المجتمعية وتطرح حلولٍ لها. وكان للفيلسوف الفرنسي نظرة مستقبلية عن توزيع الاختصاصات بين عدة سلطات داخل الدولة وعن العلاقة بين السلطات. وخلق مونتسكيو فكرة أن لكل سلطة مكابح ضد السلطة الآخرى أي أن السلطة توقف السلطة حتى لا تتصادم السلطات وتنتهي إلى تهديم الدولة.
حق المجنى عليه بالطعن في الاحكام الجنائية الدولية
Authors: م. د. زيد ثابت حميد
Published: March 2024

المحكمة الجنائية الدولية هي أول هيئة قضائية أعطت وضعًا قانونيًا منفصلاً للضحايا (ضحية) الجرائـم الـدولية وخلقت وضعًا مختلفًا تمامًا عما كان عليه قبل إنشاء هذه الهيئة، حيث مارست هذه المحكمة اختصاصها على معظم الجرائم الخطيرة، بمشاركة الضحايا، وتتمثل فعاليتها في مقاضاة الجناة من أجل حماية الضحايا. تُحال القضايا إلى المحكمة الجنائية الدولية في ثلاث حالات: من قبل الدول الأطراف في النظام الأساسي في الحالة الأولى، وبقرار من مجلس الأمن أو بمبادرة عفوية من المدعي العام، في الحالتين الثانية والثالثة. الحق في الـحماية هو أحد الحـقوق الممنـوحة للضـحايا، حيث أخذت المحـكمة الجـنائية الدولـية في الاعتبار كل التـداـبير والترتيبات اللازمـة في الحماية. وقد تم اتخاذ عدد مـن الاجراءات والتـدابير العامـة والخاصة لحماية الضـحايا، مثل تمويه الصـوت واخفاء صـور الضحـايا وطرق أخرى. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، أوكلت مهمة الحماية إلى عدد من أجهزة المحكمة، ممثلة بوحدة الضحايا والشهود والمدعين العامين، فضلاً عن خدمات الطب الشرعي، وجميعهم يعملون في انسجام تام من أجل حماية الضحايا. كما أصبح من الضروري الاهتمام بفئة الضحايا نظرا للانتـهاكـات الخـطيرة التي طالت المجتمع الدولي ككل، والتي تركت أثار جسيمة على الجنس البشري وخالفت قواعد القانون الدولي الجنائي، وفي سبيل إعطاء الضحايا مكانه هامه فان (ICC) منتحتهم الحق في المشاركة في إجراءات المحكمة من خلال ممثل قانونـي تتوفر فيه الـمؤهلات والخبرة للـدفاع عن حقوقهم طـوال الإجــراءات القـضائية.
DESMINERALIZACIÓN Y EROSIÓN DENTARIA, ESTUDIO IN VITRO
Authors: Guzmán Suarez María Regina
Published: March 2024

La desmineralización y erosión dentaria provocan la pérdida mineral de diente, que puede iniciar la caries dental, estos dos procesos empiezan con la variación del pH salival que se produce por la dieta rica en carbohidratos y también el consumo diario de bebidas con un alto contenido de azucares. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar el inicio de la desmineralización y erosión dentaria en dientes desvitalizados sometidos a diferentes soluciones. Se realizó un ensayo experimental puro de corte longitudinal prospectivo cuantitativo, se recolectó 30 molares sin caries, pesándolos antes de la investigación, dividiéndolos en dos grupos uno de intervención en el cual se sumergió las piezas dentales en bebidas y sustancias como: Powerade, chicha, Coca cola, café, coca más bicarbonato y coca sola, el otro grupo de control fue sumergido en saliva artificial durante 30 días. Las piezas dentales fueron pesadas después de los 30 días se observó pérdida de peso en los dientes y cambios de coloración en el grupo de intervención, el grupo control no presentó cambios relevantes. Se evidenció que las diferentes soluciones en las cuales fueron sumergidos los dientes ocasionaron un efecto erosivo y de desmineralización como también un cambio de coloración importante. Fecha de recepción: 22/09/2020   ¦¦   Fecha de aprobación: 18/12/2020
GOVERNANÇA AMBIENTAL E O DIREITO DE ACESSO À ÁGUA, À LUZ DA AGENDA 2030
Authors: Farias da Silva Marcia Regina , Gurgel Dutra Maria da Conceição Farias da Silva , Dias Nildo da Silva , Lima Alexandre de Oliveira
Published: March 2024

O presente artigo busca demonstrar a relevância e a pertinência da governança ambiental para a gestão dos recursos hí­dricos, tendo como norteadores a Polí­tica Nacional de Recursos Hí­dricos (Lei n.º 9433/97) e a Agenda 2030, de forma particular, os Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável 06, 16, e 17 que tratam sobre: (6) água potável e saneamento; (16) paz, justiça e instituições eficazes e (17) parcerias e meios de implementação. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar os desafios que se colocam à consolidação de um sistema de governança ambiental dos recursos hí­dricos, considerando que a questão dos recursos hí­dricos diz respeito a um bem público global, sobrepondo-se, pois, aos limites estabelecidos pelas fronteiras fí­sicas dos Estados-Nação, centrando-se no debate sobre o acesso água potável como um direito humano. Buscou-se entender o debate ambiental global, a partir da legislação vigente no Brasil e da Agenda 2030, dando especial ênfase à análise das questões da participação e da fragmentação da estrutura organizacional do sistema de governança no Brasil e do acesso a água como uma direito humano, abordando como os diferentes atores sociais podem participar da gestão dos recursos hí­dricos, com vista a encontrar soluções viáveis e aplicáveis para a proteção do meio ambiente, pautada no desenvolvimento sustentável, garantindo assim condições digna de vida para as futuras gerações.
Análisis al plan tributario en el cumplimiento de los artesanos de Portoviejo.
Authors: Manzaba Vidal Karen Lizeth , Lozada Almendariz Fabian Enrique
Published: March 2024

El Servicio de Rentas Internas (SRI) como ente que gestiona los tributos en el Ecuador, ha desarrollado diversas estrategias dentro de su plan estratégico institucional, y que, frecuentemente, están en correspondencia con leyes que buscan fomentar el crecimiento de sectores vulnerables, así como incentivar el cumplimiento de las obligaciones tributarias. Bajo este hecho, el objetivo general de esta investigación fue, “analizar el plan tributario en el cumplimiento de los artesanos de

Portoviejo”, y para lo cual se desarrolló un estudio cuali-cuantitativo bajo preceptos descriptivos y de campo. Las técnicas utilizadas para recolectar los datos fueron una encuesta y una entrevista, la primera ejecutada a artesanos que tienen sus negocios ubicados en Portoviejo, mientras que, la segunda de las citadas, a un experto tributario que laboró en niveles jerárquicos dentro de la estructura organizacional del SRI. El resultado de este estudio, es un documento que contiene el fundamento necesario para investigadores, y que destaca los efectos de las principales acciones del SRI para estimular el crecimiento de sectores vulnerables, pero, además sobre la intención efectiva de cumplir con las obligaciones tributarias. Se concluyó que, “existe nexo entre las acciones ejercidas por el SRI y las leyes promulgadas alrededor de la Ley Orgánica de Régimen Tributario Interno (LORTI), y que tienen como propósito fundamental el aumentar los montos recaudados, así como derivar indirectamente en el crecimiento de sectores como el artesanal”.
SYNTHESIS AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL STUDY OF Co, Ni, Cu, AND Sn NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Petrov Tihomir , Aljihmani Lilia
Published: March 2024

Cobalt, nickel, copper, and tin nanosized particles were synthesized through a borohydride reduction method with a reducing agent of NaBH4. The reductive precipitation was carried out at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The nanoparticle powders were synthesized from water solutions of sulfate salts. The obtained nanosized particles were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and XRD analyses. The SEM micrographs showed the nanoparticles’ morphology and structure. The chemical elements’ distribution was determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis determined the phase composition and state (amorphous or crystalline).
APPLICATION OF ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIALS IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING FOR ENGINEERING SPECIALTIES
Authors: Vukadinova Tsvetelina
Published: March 2024

In the process of learning a foreign language for specific purposes, the most suitable, adequate, and innovative approaches are constantly being sought, concerning how and which/what additional (supplementary) materials contribute to more effective 1) subject and 2) language content learning, as well as concerning easy knowledge transfer - from the native to the foreign language. The following paper examines the importance of various content components and illustrative materials as supporting engineering students’ foreign language teaching and learning. By means of an exploratory survey (survey card), the opinion of the students was collected and analyzed, which is indicative of the materials suitable for application in a working environment in their relation with the conceptual apparatus in the studied material in the native and foreign languages.