bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological characteristic of Nepenthes gymnamphora’s pitcher in Pasir Cadas Panjang Mountain Ciwidey West Java
Authors: Rizky Juliansyah Putra Susilo Muhammad , Safaria Nilawati Tina , Kusdianti Kusdianti
Published: March 2024

Limited information exists on the variation and function of pitcher morphological diversity in Nepenthes spp., necessitating further research. Based on a previous study in Mount Pasir Cadas Panjang Ciwidey that identified N. gymnamphora, this research aims to characterize pitcher morphology in Mount Pasir Cadas Panjang Ciwidey. The method used purposive sampling from six locations of N. gymnamphora, pitchers were categorized into upper and lower types based on size. The study revealed distinct differences in shape between upper and lower pitchers. The upper type exhibited a jug-like enlargement at the bottom, narrowing towards the top and enlarging again at the peristome. In contrast, the lower type featured a uniformly enlarged diameter from the bottom to the peristome. Both types shared similar components, differing mainly in wing characteristics the upper type having unhaired and unembossed wings, while the lower type had embossed and haired wings. Pitcher colors included green, patterned, and reddish, with higher elevations correlating with a greater likelihood of reddish or patterned pitchers. This research provides comprehensive data on the morphological and anatomical variations of N. gymnamphora, offering valuable insights for future studies.
Genes Responsible in The Shape and Size of Solanaceae Fruits
Authors: Basaroh Anisah Suroya , Afiyanti Mufidah , Kusnadi Joni , Arumingtyas Estri Laras
Published: March 2024

Fruit shape and size in Solanaceae family plays an important role in the determining the economic value and agronomic traits of the crop. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the genetic regulation of some Solanaceae fruit morphology, focusing on the role of CLAVATA1 (CLV1), OVATE family protein (OFP), SUN family gene (SUN), locule number (LC), and fasciated (FAS) genes. The aim of this article is to explore previous studies that reveal how the complex interactions between these genes regulate fruit shape. The SUN and OVATE genes have important roles in regulating fruit elongation, with the SUN gene affecting longitudinal and transverse cell growth, while mutations in the OVATE gene change the fruit shape from round to pear. In addition, the FAS and LC genes contribute to increasing the number of loci in the fruit, while the CLAVATA1 gene controls fruit size by regulating stem cell activity. This review paper provides a deep insight into the current understanding of the genes that regulate fruit shape and presents them in the context of current research. It is hoped that this article will provide a strong foundation for future research to improve the quality and productivity of tomato plants.
Analysis of Changes in Vessel Cells of Meranti and Bangkirai Wood Placed Outdoors
Authors: Fernandes Andrian , Erwin Erwin , Karyadi Kholik , Wardhani Isna Yuniar
Published: March 2024

Wood, as a renewable material, can be used for indoor and outdoor products. Meranti and Bangkirai as commercial woods, are used outdoors. The wood used outdoors will experience wood cell damage and discoloration on the surface. The research aims to determine the pattern of damage and discoloration of wood vessel cells in Meranti and Bangkirai wood due to weather exposure for 5 months in Samarinda. The wood cell damage was observed microscopically, and changes in wood vessel cells colour were observed using the CIE lab method on parameters L*, a*, b*, and ΔE. The study’s results showed that after being exposed to the weather for 2 months, the vessel cells of Meranti and Bangkirai wood began to experience degradation. In Meranti wood, the vessel cells were completely degraded and left cracks after 4 months, while in Bangkirai wood, it was 5 months. After being exposed to the weather for 5 months, Meranti wood vessel cells experienced changes in the parameters ΔL -10.65, Δa -14.68, Δb -12.89, and ΔE 22.25. While Bangkirai, ΔL -7.01, Δa -12.84, Δb 15.95 and ΔE 21.64.
Inducing Fungal Pelletization Using Affordable Microparticle
Authors: Al Fa’is Jimmy , Chindyastuti Anisya , Ilmi Miftahul
Published: March 2024

Filamentous fungi have been known as one of the potential microorganisms in various industries. One of the isolates with great potential is Mucor irregularis that offer substantial potential to their growth characteristics. In submerged cultures, these microorganisms often aggregate into mycelia, enabling high-density cultivation and enhanced productivity. M irregularis have a high lipid content of 43.46% and a yield of 3.28 g/L. To further lipid-rich biomass production, pelletization is explored to involve the addition of microparticles like magnesium silicate and calcium carbonate. Microparticles have demonstrated the ability to control growth and enhance biomass in various strains. This study investigates the impact of microparticle addition on M. irregularis biomass production and pellet formation. Preliminary tests reveal that the addition of magnesium silicate microparticles (0, 1, 2, and 3 g/L) induces pellet formation, with the 2 g/L treatment yielding optimal results. Microscopic observations confirm that higher magnesium silicate concentrations result in more compact pellets. Biomass production peaks at 72 hours of incubation, reaching 3.09 ± 0.43 g/L, while the largest pellet diameter of 1.27 mm occurs at 48 hours of incubation. This research offers insights into enhancing biomass production and pellet formation in M. irregularis, holding promise for diverse applications.
Evolution of Geophysical Techniques over the last twenty years: Commercialization, societal impact, and research and development perspectives
Authors: Paixach Geoffroy
Published: March 2024

Geophysics plays a crucial role in critical sectors such as energy, mineral resources, water, the environment, and waste and natural risk management. Geophysicists navigate a constantly evolving technological landscape, leveraging innovations ranging from cloud computing, robotics, IoT, and numerical simulation to artificial intelligence. As key players at the intersection of these advancements, geophysicists must meet the needs of both industries and an increasingly engaged public, providing a fertile ground for research, development, and entrepreneurship. The analysis of geophysicists' testimonies, also involved in entrepreneurship, highlights the major trends of the last two decades and offers insights into the future developments of this discipline.
Apport de la géophysique à la restitution du système hydraulique de Larsa (Iraq du sud) au 2ème millénaire av J.-C.
Authors: Darras Lionel , Cez Lucie , Vallet Régis
Published: March 2024

A Larsa (Iraq du Sud), site de 200 hectares qui domina la Mésopotamie au début du 2e millénaire av. J.-C., l’étude du système hydraulique, urbain et péri-urbain, est en cours. Elle s’appuie notamment sur l’approche géophysique, moyen privilégié d’identification et d’interprétation des structures enfouies et de leur cartographie. L’étude des signatures magnétiques des ouvrages d’adduction (canaux et canalisations), de stockage (bassins) et de protection (digues) permet, au-delà de leur caractérisation typologique (architecturale et architectonique), l’analyse fonctionnelle d’un système aussi vaste que complexe.
Mise en évidence de structures glaciaires Quaternaire en mer de Wadden via l’interprétation de donnée sismique 3D UHRS
Authors: Durot Benjamin
Published: March 2024

Afin d’accompagner au mieux la transition énergétique, de réduire les temps d’interprétation et de minimiser les risques liés aux objets géologiques, il est nécessaire que les technologies déjà éprouvées et approuvées soient également mises à l’épreuve dans les domaines émergeant de l’énergie. L’implémentation de ferme éolienne en mer étant en plein essor, beaucoup de données sismiques 3D Ultra-Haute-Résolution (3D UHRS) sont acquises et certaines sont mises à disposition. Le pas d’échantillonnage étant beaucoup plus fin et le contenu fréquentiel étant beaucoup plus élevé que les données sismiques 3D classiquement interprétées dans le domaine pétrolier, cette donnée 3D UHRS semble un bon candidat pour éprouver les solutions d’interprétation sismique automatisées. De la donnée 3D UHRS est disponible en mer de Wadden, au large des Pays-Bas et a été interprétée par un logiciel d’interprétation sismique automatisé appelé PaleoScan™. Des « tunnel valleys », des « kettle lakes » et des structures de déformation tectonique glaciaire « glaciotectonics » ont été identifiées.
Passive seismic tomography for 3D imaging of the subsurface in a tunnel area
Authors: Saade Maria , Robert Simon , Lempereur Clément , Grill Michel
Published: March 2024

This study aims to provide decision support for future measures to be taken regarding 2 tunnels using high-resolution 3D imaging of the subsurface. This project involves a more comprehensive risk analysis than localized tests, such as geotechnical surveys, and a more precise characterization of the subsoil at the tunnel entrance for approximately 200 meters. To address this issue, a 3D passive seismic tomography was conducted using a network installed on the surface of the study area and another in the tunnels to better analyze the subsurface beneath the tunnels. The 3D shear wave velocity model allowed the identification and delineation of risk zones and the estimation of risk levels based on the analysis of Vs (shear wave velocity) contrasts and their correlation with borehole data.
Les muons, des rayons cosmiques détectent des vides durant le creusement de tunnels - Application sur 10 km du Grand Paris Express
Authors: De Sloovere Pierre
Published: March 2024

Les muons, des rayons cosmiques produits en continu dans la haute atmosphère pénètrent dans le sol. Leur flux en un point donné dépend à la fois de la longueur du trajet parcouru et de la densité des terrains rencontrés. Monté dans la structure d’un tunnelier comme un télescope visant une direction donnée, un trio de détecteur à muons mesure et localise les variations de densité et les vides éventuels. L’utilisation d’un tel système permet une détection des risques en avant des tunneliers, comme le montre les exemples sur trois tronçons, totalisant 9,7 kilomètres du nouveau métro parisien, dit le Grand Paris Express.
Pistes d’optimisation des acquisitions sismiques de proche surface en environnement complexe, applicables pour des projets géotechniques
Authors: Vergniault Christophe , Blouin Martin , Tscharner Thomas
Published: March 2024

L’objectif de cet article est de discuter de la possibilité de réaliser une combinaison de méthodes sismiques de surface de façon industrielle, afin d’avoir à la fois une investigation robuste en environnement complexe de part la multiplicité des méthodes, mais aussi de maitriser les coûts en restant dans un même domaine physique et donc en limitant les moyens à mettre en oeuvre. Pour cela, nous allons analyser les résultats d’une acquisition sismique exhaustive en termes de nombre de capteurs, composantes, types de sources. Les constats permettent de conclure favorablement à l’idée de réaliser une investigation robuste en environnement complexe, basée pour les reconnaissances géophysiques uniquement sur la combinaison de traitement des différentes méthodes sismiques (réflexion, réfraction, MASW), acquises avec un même dispositif de capteurs. Néanmoins, des sources spécifiques à chaque méthode restent à préconiser. Enfin, pour de grands linéaires sur des pistes, des « landstreamers » relativement longs sont utilisables.
La sismique fréquentielle, outil pour vérifier la continuite de la transmission des contraintes dans un massif applications aux injections, vides, voutes de tunnel
Authors: De Sloovere Pierre , Colin Pierre , Mauss Jean-Louis , Godin Hubert , Priano Stefano
Published: March 2024

La sismique fréquentielle est une méthode peu utilisée bien que très puissante pour vérifier la continuité des contraintes dans un massif. Mise au point pour des contrôles d’injection, elle est utile par exemple pour déterminer que le toit d'une exploitation minière est resté stable, même 50 ans après son abandon (cas de Chizeuil). Cela peut l'être aussi pour détecter des karsts inattendus sous des fondations (cas de Tournai).

Le principe en est simple : il s'agit d'émettre un choc mécanique dans un terrain et d'analyser en fréquence le signal reçu par un récepteur en plusieurs points du massif. Le champ de contrainte produit par le choc voit son spectre modifié par le terrain : en milieu continu, le modèle de Kelvin-Voigt montre que les fréquences transmises sont plus élevées si le module élastique est élevé ; il en est de même si la viscosité est élevée. En milieu fracturé, les fractures jouent le rôle d'un filtre passe bas : à toute largeur de fissure correspond une longueur d’onde minimale au-delà de laquelle il n'y a pas transmission de la vibration de part et d’autre de la fracture. En conséquence, les hautes fréquences ne passent que s'il n'y a pas de fissures, si le module élastique est élevé et si la viscosité importante, ce qui est un objectif commun à tout constructeur.

A Chizeuil, sept forages de 50 mètres réalisés au-dessus de l’exploitation ont permis de montrer que les hautes fréquences étaient transmises au-dessus de la mine sur 20 mètres ou plus avec une remarquable continuité ; aucune basse fréquence n'apparaît, le toit de la mine n'est donc pas fissuré.

L'exemple de Tournai est l'inverse du précédent : une trentaine de forages de 18 mètres de profondeur ont permis de dessiner une carte sommaire des karsts en dessous de fondations en cours de réalisation et de délimiter précisément un certain nombre de secteurs, ce qui a permis de poursuivre la construction avec un maximum d'informations.
Apport de l’imagerie géophysique à l’identification des aquifères en zone de montagne : « cas des aquifères perchés de Koyampleu à Danané »
Authors: Ouedraogo Moussa , Sylla Ismaël , Ouattara Zié , Diaby Abou Junior , Yeo Soungari Jean Paul , Kamagate Bamory
Published: March 2024

A proximité de Koyampleu, village situé dans la région du Tonkpi particulièrement dans le département de Danané et connue par son relief très accidenté a eu lieu une étude hydrogéophysique. Onze (11) layons ont fait objet d’investigation. La méthode d’imagerie géophysique TRE à travers les dispositif dipôle-dipôle a permis de localiser et identifier les aquifères en présence. Le paramètre mesuré pour l’acquisition des données est la résistivité apparente du milieu qui permet de juger de capacité des terrains à résister au passage du courant électrique. Le traitement des données avec le logiciel IP Post-process a permis d’identifier des aquifères perchés et libres en présence. La géologie de cette zone est marquée par des roches magmatiques et métamorphiques telles que la granodiorite à biotite et les enderbites.
Suivi de l’infiltration sur le site expérimental hydrogéologique de Poitiers par tomographie de résistivité électrique
Authors: Pavageau Clémence , Fischer Pierre , Porel Gilles , Caner Laurent
Published: March 2024

Le Site Expérimental Hydrogéologique de Poitiers (SEH) a été le lieu d’implantation de deux profils de résistivité électrique, l’un de 47m et l’autre de 23m. Six acquisitions de résistivités apparentes ont été réalisées entre le 18 juillet 2023 et le 17 novembre 2023 afin de calculer les différences de résistivités avec un profil sec et d’obtenir la variation de teneur en eau du sol. Parallèlement, l’installation de différents capteurs sur une station micro-météorologique à 2 mètres de hauteur a permis l’obtention de données hydrologiques (pluviométrie, teneur en eau du sol) et la réalisation de calculs d’évapotranspiration. Après 4 mois de suivi des mesures et le calcul des différences de résistivités, une cohérence entre les données météorologiques et la géophysique est établie et les premiers résultats sont encourageants. Ils permettent d’envisager leur utilisation dans un modèle hydro-géophysique dynamique en time-lapse pour étudier le bilan hydrologique sur le SEH.
Seismic and stratigraphic characterization of karstogenic horizons in a sequence of carbonate deposits: Example of the Dogger limestones of the Poitou threshold
Authors: Gaillard Thierry , Moreau Mickaël , Mari Jean-Luc
Published: March 2024

The Deffend Hydrogeological Experimental Site (HES), near Poitiers, has been the site of numerous studies that have shown that the Bajocian and Aalenian limestones were modified by the horizontal development of multiple karstification planes. These investigations have demonstrated the occurrence of stacked circulation. The origin of the structures that generated these sub-horizontal flows has not been specifically explained. Geophysical investigations were conducted at the site, both at the surface (3D seismic) and in wells (vertical seismic profile (PSV) and acoustic logging). Comparison of the geophysical data, mainly acoustic logs, and a stratigraphic interpretation of cuttings and borehole wall imaging makes it possible to propose a coherent karstogenesis scheme that does not involve tectonic constraints. This article offers an explanation based on gaps recorded in the sequence of Dogger deposits. The karstogenic horizons are linked to sedimentary discontinuities that geologists have identified on the Poitou threshold.
High-Temperature Mechanical Characterization of Materials for Extreme Environments
Authors: Gupta Priyanka , Rajalakshmi B , Nijhawan Ginni , Awasthi Ankita , Praveen  , Tyagi Lalit Kumar , Hussien Raghad Ahmed
Published: March 2024

The growth of advanced technologies involves the development of materials that can withstand extreme environmental conditions, particularly elevated temperatures. This paper presents an in-depth examination of the mechanical properties of materials designed specifically for use in high-temperature environments, such as however confined to aviation, nuclear-powered reactors, and electrical power systems. Relevant significance is associated with assessing the mechanical robustness, resilience to deformation under constant stress, and ability to cope with high temperatures over a longer time for these materials. This study explores recent developments in materials science, focusing on the products made in alloys, ceramics, and composite materials such as nickel-based superalloys, silicon carbide (SiC), and composite based on zirconium diboride (ZrB2). A significant focus is placed on innovative testing methods, including high-temperature tensile tests, thermal shock resistance assessment, and fatigue testing, as these play a critical role in evaluating the performance of substances under challenging conditions. Further, this study explores the consequences of these findings on the choice of materials and the design process in engineering applications. Titanium superalloy operates effectively at lower temperatures, whereas Nickel-based 70% of the initial strength when heated to a higher temperature of 1100°C superalloy behaves superior under more extreme conditions.
Mechanical Characterization of Emerging 2D Materials for Electronics: Review
Authors: Lalitha G , V Asha , Nijhawan Ginni , Praveen  , Tyagi Lalit Kumar , Abood Ahmed Salam
Published: March 2024

The rapid growth in the field of electronics has created the need for studying new materials that offer improved qualities. Among these options, materials which exist in two dimensions (referred to as 2D materials) emerged as the most popular choices because of their unique mechanical and electrical properties. The present study provides a thorough review of the mechanical properties of new two-dimensional (2D) materials, with a particular focus on their potential utility throughout the electronics sector. In this research, It provide a comprehensive examination of the mechanical properties of multiple two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene, which transition-metals dichalcogenides (TMDs), and hexagonal nitride of boron (h-BN), under different conditions that mimic the operational environment of electronic systems. The elastic moduli, strength, and flexibility of the components are evaluated by the utilization of sophisticated characterization methods such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), and nanoindentation. Also, this study examines the impact of environmental factors, specifically temperature and humidity, on the characteristics mentioned earlier. Results illustrate that the 2D materials exhibit remarkable mechanical properties, distinguished by both strength and flexibility, leaving them well-suited for applications in flexible electronic devices and high-performance nanodevices.
Bioinspired Composites a Review: Lessons from Nature for Materials Design and Performance
Authors: Sonia Pankaj , Srinivas R , Kansal Lavish , Abdul-Zahra Dalael Saad , Reddy Uma , Kumari Vandna
Published: March 2024

Bioinspired composites have become an increasingly popular area of research in materials science, as they offer a promising approach to developing high-performance materials. By drawing inspiration from the structures and properties of natural materials, researchers can design composites with enhanced mechanical, thermal, and other properties. This review article discusses the lessons that can be learned from nature for materials design and performance, with a focus on the structures and properties of biological materials such as bone, spider silk, and nacre. We explore the key mechanisms that give these materials their unique properties, including hierarchical structures, nanoscale building blocks, and interfacial interactions. By understanding these mechanisms, researchers can develop new materials with improved strength, toughness, and other desirable properties. We also discuss the potential applications of bioinspired composites in fields such as aerospace, engineering, and biomedical science. Overall, this review highlights the importance of nature as a source of inspiration for materials design and provides insights into the development of high-performance composites.
Impact of stack length on performance of standing wave thermoacoustic refrigerator
Authors: Tshowa Patrick Kaja , Ngonda Tiyamike , Nqabisa Simphiwe
Published: March 2024

The low coefficient of performance of thermoacoustic refrigerators has limited their development. The goal of this paper is to investigate the effect of different stack lengths on standing wave thermoacoustic refrigerator (TAR) performance. The stack is essential in TAR because it expands the gas-solid interface, allowing for a greater temperature difference between the warm and cold regions. Hence literature studies on stack length, geometry, plate spacing, and material have been investigated. A quantitative analysis was performed to determine an effective TAR design by numerically modelling three geometries using COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0. A quarter wavelength resonator tube was designed using a 2D axisymmetric model. The acoustic wave and energy fields in solids were studied using conjugate heat transfer, with the fluid flow considered laminar and helium as the working gas. The optimal TAR design was chosen based on the lowest temperature difference between the three simulated geometries. Seven numerical models were simulated for stack lengths ranging from 15 mm to 45 mm, revealing that COP increased as stack length decreased, while the temperature difference decreased.
Prospective analysis of sustainable mangrove ecotourism development policy
Authors: Mashur Dadang , Ikhsan Masrul , Ismandianto  , Yuliani Febri
Published: March 2024

The Bandar Bakau area of Dumai City is very strategic to be used as an international tourism development area, because Dumai City is located in the international trade cross-country area of the Melaka Strait. The impact of Dumai City being made a special economic zone is the destruction of mangrove areas, so that the environment becomes unsustainable. To maintain environmental sustainability, a policy is needed that combines tourism potential with environmental sustainability, such as an ecotourism development policy. Ecotourism has emerged as a sustainable approach to tourism development that emphasizes the conservation of natural resources and cultural heritage while promoting community engagement and economic growth. The aim of the research is to formulate sustainable ecotourism development policies. The method used is a mix method using prospective analysis. Prospective analysis can offer future-oriented policy frameworks for stakeholders to ensure environmental sustainability. The findings reveal stakeholders’ concern for mangrove areas through education and research, rich arts and cultural heritage, as well as tourism potential in Bandar Bakau Dumai, indicating that ecotourism-based area development policies are very possible to be developed sustainably.
Waste management policies at Bulukumba Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Mustari Nuryanti , Razak Rosdianti , Hawing Hardianto , Riskasari  , Herman  , Yusrival  , Syukri Ulfiah
Published: March 2024

Waste is still a problem that is often faced in our country, even in regions. The increase in waste volume occurs without awareness of good waste management will certainly bring other problems, especially for the environment. This study aimed to determine the extent how the successful implementation of waste management policies at Bukit Asri Waste Management Site, Polewali Village, Gantarang District, Bulukumba Regency, Indonesia. This research used qualitative method, while the data collection techniques used observation, interviews, and document study with 7 informants. Data analysis techniques used data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study showed that: 1) The behavior of organizational relations at TPS Bukit Asri has been implemented well. 2) The behavior of lower level implementers has implemented waste management well. This can be seen from 3 aspects, namely organizational control, work ethic and professionalism of the TPS managers. Regarding the organizational control aspect, in this case government supervision of the community’s clean living behavior still needs to be improved. 3) The behavior of the target group, namely the community, gave a positive response and supported the waste management policy at TPS Bukit Asri, however education and environmental awareness were still low.
Addressing the paradox: Why environmental constitutionalism is more than just rights?
Authors: Muhtar Mohamad Hidayat , Harun Amanda Adelina , Putri Viorizza Suciani , Apripari  , Moha Mohamad Rivaldi
Published: March 2024

Paradoxes exist in environmental constitutionalism, and this article seeks to explain them, particularly by explaining why rights and obligations and complicated enforcement methods all pertain to this topic. This research seeks to understand how environmental constitutionalism may be reimagined in the Indonesian context, with its wide range of environmental problems and frequently insufficient policies, to strengthen justice and sustainability. This study takes a normative stance, examining environmental constitutionalism from a legal and theoretical perspective. The constitutional and legal framework of Indonesia are examined to see how they deal with environmental challenges. The conceptual method, meanwhile, is applied to explore environmental constitutionalism in greater depth than the field of rights. This article proposes that rethinking the roles of the state, society, and the private sector within the constitutional framework is key to solving Indonesia’s environmental problems. The findings show that a rights-only approach to environmental constitutionalism overlooks societal obligations and the socio-political factors that shape environmental policies in Indonesia. By incorporating this contradiction into the constitutional framework, we may be able to create policies that are more inclusive, egalitarian, and sustainable for everybody.
Assessment of the level of drinking water services that are perceived as safe in Metro City, Lampung
Authors: Aswirta V. F. , Priadi C. R.
Published: March 2024

Self-supply water source systems are still widely used in Indonesia, such as in Metro City, Lampung, where only 5,05% of households are served by piped drinking water services. Metro City is known to occupy the fourth position as an area that has clean water quality problems in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to determine the variability of the level of drinking water services that are perceived as safe by households perceptions of safety, taste, appearance, smell, reliability, and availability of drinking water sources. The method used is longitudinal monitoring of drinking water sources in households with monthly surveys. The monitoring results show that during the 6 months of the surveys Non- self-supply systems (n=147) are known to be safer than self-supply systems (n= 115) with the percentage of 98% and 95%. The source of drinking water with the highest safety level is refill water and bottled water (100%) which is the most consistent level of safety. Thus, the results of this study are expected to increase public awareness and the local government concerned to obtain an equitable supply of safe drinking water.
Public private partnerships in peatland management: A design for sustainable practices
Authors: Zulkamaini Zulkarnaini , Nasution Mimin Sundari , Rinto Rinto , Meiwanda Geovani , Bedasari Hafzana
Published: March 2024

This research endeavors to craft a pioneering peatland management model rooted in the principles of public-private partnership within Riau Province. Employing a descriptive qualitative research method, we conducted data collection through a multifaceted approach, encompassing interviews, comprehensive literature analysis, and secondary data sources. Our data analysis methodology employed an interactive model inspired by the dynamics of collaborative governance, as proposed by Emerson and Nabatchi. The outcomes of this study underscore a recurrent stumbling block in Riau’s peatland management: the paucity of active and robust collaboration between the government and the private sector. While the government functions within its defined boundaries, the private sector often devises programs that align with the interests of specific interest groups. This frequently results in program overlap, partial initiatives, and incidental strategies. Furthermore, the prevailing disconnect between government and private sector entities raises concerns about the future implementation of sustainable practices in peatland management.
Linked open data for agricultural land evaluation
Authors: Fibriani Charitas , Mardhani R. , Ashari Ahmad
Published: March 2024

The government has programs that related to food independence which can be achieved by optimizing agricultural data analysis as decision support. The analysis requires a combination of several data but these data are in different sources and formats. Linked Open Data (LOD) is the answer, it makes the interconnectedness of all data that be needed, the interconnected data can be used for the next process in land evaluation. Land evaluation has 2 activities: land characteristics, and land quality. This research focus on designing a prototype of a land evaluation system model based on linked open data. There are 12 data sources that will be used for this land evaluation. The datas are spatial data which have longitude and latitude. In addition, any 2 types of data that be used text and geojson. The linked between these attributes from many sources and was using LOD’s consept creates a relationship terminology.
Hybrid solar-electric cart efficiency enhancement: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Purwanto Edi , Uddin Nur , Nugraha Hari
Published: March 2024

The present study involves the development of an electric cart, with future research aiming to enhance its efficiency by creating a hybrid solar-electric cart. To achieve this goal, a bibliometric analysis of electric vehicle (EV) batteries is required. This study aims to identify research gaps in EV batteries through Bibliometric Analysis, utilizing Scopus Analyze and VOSViewer to analyze 1,276 documents obtained from the Scopus database, including articles (49.7%), conference papers (43.3%) and various other publications such as reviews, book chapters, reports, short surveys, notes, books, erratum, and editorials. The analysis reveals a substantial surge in EV battery research and publications within the Scopus database since 2013, and this trend is projected to continue until the end of 2023. Based on researchers’ affiliations, Chinese institutions have ranked first in contributions, followed by institutions from the United States, India, the United Kingdom, and Canada. Surprisingly, the University of Warwick secured the top among research institutions, with the Beijing Institute of Technology claiming the second position. The VOSViewer analysis generated six keyword clusters relevant to EV battery research. Of particular interest is Cluster 5, which emphasizes the significance of battery management techniques, establishing efficient battery swapping stations, optimizing energy management strategies, and exploring the role of EV batteries in building intelligent grids. These gaps identified in Cluster 5 will become the focal point for future research, especially concerning efficiency enhancement through developing a hybrid battery system capable of a hybrid solar-electric cart.
Deflection analysis of rigid pavement on clay soil with vertical drain
Authors: Zhafirah Athaya , Yogaswara Dendi
Published: March 2024

Rigid pavements are often used on clay soils with long-term settlement history and are subject to damage from traffic loads. It must be analyzed for deflections in rigid pavements built on clay to prevent damage and extend pavement life. If deflection exceeds the permit, the pavement will experience damage. One way to minimize these problems is by installing vertical drains to improve the soil. Installing a vertical drain on the soil can increase the modulus of the subgrade reaction represented as soil- bearing capacity and minimize the potential for pavement deformation. This research aims to analyze the deflection of rigid pavement on clay soil with vertical drains. The finite element method is utilized to analyze the deflection. The pavement is modeled as a 10 m long and 7 m wide slab with thickness variations ranging from 150 mm to 350 mm. Static loads are used to model vehicle loads with load positions at the pavement’s center, ends, and edges. For all slab thicknesses subjected to varying center, end, and edge loads, the maximum deflection of rigid pavement over vertical drain soils is lower than that of soils without vertical drains. It can be concluded that rigid pavement deflection can be reduced using vertical drains for soil improvement.
Prevalence of intestinal trichomonads in captive non-human primates in China
Authors: Ma Ping-Ping , Zou Yang , Mu Wen-Jie , Zhang Yue-Yue , Li Ya-Qi , Liu Zhong-Li , Zhang Long , Chen Li-Xian , Liu Guo-Hua , Wang Shuai
Published: March 2024

Trichomonads are protozoan symbionts with the capacity to infect vertebrates including humans and non-human primates (NHPs), sometimes with pathogenic effects. However, their diversity and prevalence in NHPs in China are poorly understood. A total of 533 fecal samples were collected from captive NHPs in Yunnan Province, China, of which 461 samples from Macaca fascicularis and 72 from Macaca mulatta. Trichomonadidae species were identified using PCR amplification of the ITS-1/5.8S/ITS-2 sequences. The overall prevalence of trichomonads in NHPs was determined to be 11.4% (61/533), with gender, diarrhea, and region identified as potential risk factors for the infections. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis identified three species of trichomonads, i.e., Trichomitopsis minor (n = 45), Pentatrichomonas hominis (n = 11), and Tetratrichomonas sp. (n = 5). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report Trichomitopsis minor infection in NHPs in China. Of note, Pentatrichomonas hominis is generally recognized as a parasitic organism affecting humans. Collectively, our results suggest that NHPs are potential sources of zoonotic trichomonad infections, highlighting the importance of surveillance and control measures to protect human and animal populations.
Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) field trial targeting the suppression of Aedes albopictus in Greece
Authors: Balatsos Georgios , Karras Vasileios , Puggioli Arianna , Balestrino Fabrizio , Bellini Romeo , Papachristos Dimitrios P. , Milonas Panagiotis G. , Papadopoulos Nikos T. , Malfacini Marco , Carrieri Marco , Kapranas Apostolos , Mamai Wadaka , Mastronikolos George , Lytra Ioanna , Bouyer Jérémy , Michaelakis Antonios
Published: March 2024

The sterile insect technique (SIT) involves releasing large numbers of sterile males to outcompete wild males in mating with females, leading to a decline in pest populations. In the current study, we conducted a suppression trial in Greece against the invasive dengue vector mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse) through the weekly release of sterile males for 22 weeks from June to September 2019. Our approach included the long-distance transport of sterile mosquitoes, and their release at a density of 2,547 ± 159 sterile males per hectare per week as part of an area-wide integrated pest management strategy (AW-IPM). The repeated releases of sterile males resulted in a gradual reduction in egg density, reaching 78% from mid-June to early September. This reduction remained between 70% and 78% for four weeks after the end of the releases. Additionally, in the SIT intervention area, the ovitrap index, representing the percentage of traps containing eggs, remained lower throughout the trial than in the control area. This trial represents a significant advance in the field of mosquito control, as it explores the viability and efficacy of producing and transporting sterile males from a distant facility to the release area. Our results provide valuable insights for future SIT programmes targeting Ae. Albopictus, and the methodology we employed can serve as a starting point for developing more refined and effective release protocols, including the transportation of sterile males over long distances from production units to intervention areas.
Phosphocholine-induced energy source shift alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction in lung cells caused by geospecific PM
2.5
components
Authors: Song Yuanyuan , Zhang Yanhao , Zhu Lin , Chen Yanyan , Chen Yi-Jie , Zhu Zhitong , Feng Jieqing , Qi Zenghua , Yu Jian Zhen , Yang Zhu , Cai Zongwei
Published: March 2024

Fine particulate matter (PM
2.5
) is globally recognized for its adverse implications on human health. Yet, remain limited the individual contribution of particular PM
2.5
components to its toxicity, especially considering regional disparities. Moreover, prevention solutions for PM
2.5
-associated health effects are scarce. In the present study, we comprehensively characterized and compared the primary PM
2.5
constituents and their altered metabolites from two locations: Taiyuan and Guangzhou. Analysis of year-long PM
2.5
samples revealed 84 major components, encompassing organic carbon, elemental carbon, ions, metals, and organic chemicals. PM
2.5
from Taiyuan exhibited higher contamination, associated health risks, dithiothreitol activity, and cytotoxicities than Guangzhou’s counterpart. Applying metabolomics, BEAS-2B lung cells exposed to PM
2.5
from both cities were screened for significant alterations. A correlation analysis revealed the metabolites altered by PM
2.5
and the critical toxic PM
2.5
components in both regions. Among the PM
2.5
-down-regulated metabolites, phosphocholine emerged as a promising intervention for PM
2.5
cytotoxicities. Its supplementation effectively attenuated PM
2.5
-induced energy metabolism disorder and cell death via activating fatty acid oxidation and inhibiting
Phospho1
expression. The highlighted toxic chemicals displayed combined toxicities, potentially counteracted by phosphocholine. Our study offered a promising functional metabolite to alleviate PM
2.5
-induced cellular disorder and provided insights into the geo-based variability in toxic PM
2.5
components.
Utilizing developmental dynamics for evolutionary prediction and control
Authors: Milocco Lisandro , Uller Tobias
Published: March 2024

Understanding, predicting, and controlling the phenotypic consequences of genetic and environmental change is essential to many areas of fundamental and applied biology. In evolutionary biology, the generative process of development is a major source of organismal evolvability that constrains or facilitates adaptive change by shaping the distribution of phenotypic variation that selection can act upon. While the complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors during development may appear to make it impossible to infer the consequences of perturbations, the persistent observation that many perturbations result in similar phenotypes indicates that there is a logic to what variation is generated. Here, we show that a general representation of development as a dynamical system can reveal this logic. We build a framework that allows predicting the phenotypic effects of perturbations, and conditions for when the effects of perturbations of different origins are concordant. We find that this concordance is explained by two generic features of development, namely the dynamical dependence of the phenotype on itself and the fact that all perturbations must affect the developmental process to have an effect on the phenotype. We apply our theoretical framework to classical models of development and show that it can be used to predict the evolutionary response to selection using information of plasticity and to accelerate evolution in a desired direction. The framework we introduce provides a way to quantitatively interchange perturbations, opening an avenue of perturbation design to control the generation of variation.
Normalizing granuloma vasculature and matrix improves drug delivery and reduces bacterial burden in tuberculosis-infected rabbits
Authors: Datta Meenal , Via Laura E. , Dartois Véronique , Weiner Danielle M. , Zimmerman Matthew , Kaya Firat , Walker April M. , Fleegle Joel D. , Raplee Isaac D. , McNinch Colton , Zarodniuk Maksym , Kamoun Walid S. , Yue Changli , Kumar Ashwin S. , Subudhi Sonu , Xu Lei , Barry Clifton E. , Jain Rakesh K.
Published: March 2024

Host-directed therapies (HDTs) represent an emerging approach for bacterial clearance during tuberculosis (TB) infection. While most HDTs are designed and implemented for immuno-modulation, other host targets—such as nonimmune stromal components found in pulmonary granulomas—may prove equally viable. Building on our previous work characterizing and normalizing the aberrant granuloma-associated vasculature, here we demonstrate that FDA-approved therapies (bevacizumab and losartan, respectively) can be repurposed as HDTs to normalize blood vessels and extracellular matrix (ECM), improve drug delivery, and reduce bacterial loads in TB granulomas. Granulomas feature an overabundance of ECM and compressed blood vessels, both of which are effectively reduced by losartan treatment in the rabbit model of TB. Combining both HDTs promotes secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and improves anti-TB drug delivery. Finally, alone and in combination with second-line antitubercular agents (moxifloxacin or bedaquiline), these HDTs significantly reduce bacterial burden. RNA sequencing analysis of HDT-treated lung and granuloma tissues implicates up-regulated antimicrobial peptide and proinflammatory gene expression by ciliated epithelial airway cells as a putative mechanism of the observed antitubercular benefits in the absence of chemotherapy. These findings demonstrate that bevacizumab and losartan are well-tolerated stroma-targeting HDTs, normalize the granuloma microenvironment, and improve TB outcomes, providing the rationale to clinically test this combination in TB patients.
The Inequitable Years: Backcountry Experiences After Pregnancy
Authors: Koroll Rebecca S.
Published: March 2024

Motherhood brings exciting changes and challenges. All at once you experience changes to family dynamics, priorities, work-life balance, and your leisure. In the case of outdoor leisure participation, a mother’s ability to participate is largely influenced by the age of your child, your physical stamina, and emotional or psychological ability to handle, expect, plan, and adapt to your child’s and your own changing needs during participation. Specifically, this is true in activities that take place in remote, or backcountry settings as opposed to urban or near-urban settings. Accessibility is limited to moms who can take on (and financially afford) to carry their child on their back for long periods at a time. Few trail systems, that are not located inside conservation areas or parks, are designed with accessibility in mind. For any parent, this includes not being stroller friendly. Social media is abundant with “hacks” for the once outdoorsy moms to get back outside with their kids but, unless you have the resources and time, this often is not realistic until you have an independently mobile child. Moms looking to participate in outdoor leisure with infants are subject to extensive costs, planning, and high levels of fitness to be able to enjoy outdoor spaces and wellbeing benefits. In this case study, I offer a reflection of my experience trying to re-enter the world of back-country hiking with an infant. I consider the financial, physical, and psychological constraints faced when trying to “belong” in the outdoors, in this new phase of life.

Information

© CAB International 2024
Proposed DRLs for mammography in Switzerland
Authors: Dupont Laura , Aberle Christoph , Botsikas Diomidis , Ith Michael , Lima Thiago Viana Miranda , Menz Roman , Monnin Pascal , Poletti Pierre-Alexandre , Presilla Stefano , Schegerer Alexander , Stoica Liana-Cristina , Trueb Philipp , Sans Merce Marta
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study is to propose diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) values for mammography in Switzerland. For the data collection, a survey was conducted among a sufficient number of centres, including five University hospitals, several cantonal hospitals, and large private clinics, covering all linguistic regions of Switzerland to be representative of the clinical practice. The data gathered contained the mean glandular dose (MGD), the compressed breast thickness (CBT), the mammography model and the examination parameters for each acquisition. The data collected was sorted into the following categories: 2D or digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) examination, craniocaudal (CC) or mediolateral oblique (MLO) projection, and eight categories of CBT ranging from 20 mm to 100 mm in 10 mm intervals. A total of 24 762 acquisitions were gathered in 31 centres on 36 mammography units from six manufacturers. The analysis showed that the data reflects the practice in Switzerland. The results revealed that the MGD is larger for DBT than for 2D acquisitions for the same CBT. From 20–30 mm to 90–100 mm of CBT, the 75th percentile of the MGD values obtained increased from 0.81 mGy to 2.55 mGy for 2D CC acquisitions, from 0.83 mGy to 2.96 mGy for 2D MLO acquisitions, from 1.22 mGy to 3.66 mGy for DBT CC acquisitions and from 1.33 mGy to 4.04 mGy for DBT MLO acquisitions. The results of the survey allow us to propose Swiss DRLs for mammography according to the examination type (2D/DBT), projection (CC/MLO) and CBT. The proposed values are very satisfactory in comparison with other studies.