bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revitalizing biomedical research: recommendations from the Future of Research Chicago Symposium
Authors: Dolan Kyle T. , Pierre Joseph F. , Heckler Erin J.
Published: June 2016

The biomedical research enterprise faces considerable structural challenges after years of stagnant funding coupled with steady growth of the pool of graduate students and postdoctoral scientists. Input from junior scientists into the nature of how these challenges affect both the quality of the enterprise and career outcomes is essential to craft effective reforms that will bring a new era of robustness into biomedical research. In October 2015, junior scientists based in Chicago organized the Future of Research Chicago Symposium. The goals of the meeting were twofold: first, to educate the local community about structural problems in biomedical science; and second, to survey scientists in the Midwest, particularly postdocs, in order to find out their views on these issues and solicit suggestions for improvement. We present the recommendations of Symposium participants as distilled by the organizers. These recommendations reflect junior scientists’ desire for diversification of career development opportunities within the framework of doctoral and postdoctoral training and for policies at funding agencies that demonstrate a stronger commitment to supporting trainees and new investigators. We discuss practical steps that can be taken to enable these reforms, highlighting the responsibilities of junior scientists, faculty, funding agencies, and other stakeholders in working toward the goal of a revitalized biomedical research system.
Modelo de previsão de vendas em jogos de empresas: potencializando a prática dos gestores
Authors: Silva Sheila Serafim da , Oliveira Murilo Alvarenga , Leal Junior Ilton Curty
Published: June 2016

A previsão de demanda desempenha um papel importante nas organizações, pois auxilia o gestor no processo de tomada de decisão. Em geral, as empresas não dispõem de recursos suficientes para alterar de forma substancial a oferta no curto prazo e atender a oscilação da demanda. Diante disso, este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um modelo de previsão de vendas para uso em um jogo de empresas. A pesquisa abordou os jogos de empresas como instrumento de pesquisa. Foi utilizada uma abordagem quantitativa com uso da análise de regressão linear múltipla. O modelo foi testado em um ambiente no período de um ano simulado. Foram analisados e discutidos os erros na previsão de vendas com e sem o uso do modelo. Os principais resultados apontaram que o modelo contribuiu para melhorias no desempenho da empresa analisada sob a perspectiva operacional e financeira, sendo o erro considerado aceitável. Entre as principais contribuições do estudo, foi destacado o uso de ambientes de simulação para teste de modelos e teorias na área de produção e operações para a produção de novos conhecimentos.
Do exercício a efetivação: analisando a socialização organizacional
Authors: Tomazzoni Gean Carlos , Costa Vânia Medianeira Flores , Santos Andressa Schaurich dos , Souza Daiane Lanes de
Published: June 2016

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a percepção dos servidores públicos em período de estágio probatório acerca da sua socialização organizacional. Caracteriza-se como um estudo descritivo, de abordagem metodológica quantitativa. Em uma amostra de 126 servidores públicos em período de estágio probatório de uma Instituição Superior de Ensino aplicou-se o modelo de Inventário de Socialização Organizacional proposto por Borges et al. (2010). Os dados foram analisados através de análise de estatísticas descritivas e Teste ANOVA. Os resultados permitiram identificar níveis eficazes de socialização organizacional entre os pesquisados. Encontrou-se também existência de diferenças significativas nas médias de socialização entre os cargos. Com isso, compreende-se que existem diferenças significativas na maneira como os servidores percebem a sua socialização, influenciadas pelas suas características ocupacionais.
Fatores determinantes da satisfação com a experiência acadêmica
Authors: Rodrigues Adriana Silva Souza , Liberato Giuliana Bronzoni
Published: June 2016

Este trabalho como objetivo verificar a satisfação dos estudantes de ensino superior com a experiência acadêmica e a sua relação com a vontade de concluir o curso. A metodologia utilizada foi pesquisa de natureza quantitativa, de corte transversal, realizada com estudantes em início de curso de engenharias em IES privadas das cidades de Belo Horizonte e Vitória. O questionário partiu de uma escala validada com três fatores: satisfação com o curso, satisfação com a instituição de ensino superior e oportunidades de desenvolvimento. Os resultados apontam que o fator satisfação com o curso foi o que apresentou maior significância estatística, as variáveis como corpo docente com domínio do conteúdo, estratégia de aula utilizada pelos professores, compromisso da instituição com a qualidade da formação do aluno, relacionamento com os professores, equipamentos modernos, empregabilidade potencial do curso apresentam importância na previsão do estudante em concluir o curso.
Tipologias da cultura organizacional no setor atacadista de confecção
Authors: Paiva Luis Euardo Brandão , Pio Jamille Alencar , Ferraz Serafim Firmo de Souza
Published: June 2016

Este artigo objetiva investigar a cultura organizacional predominante em empresas atacadista de confecção de Fortaleza. Para tal isto, a amostra intencional da pesquisa totalizou 89 funcionários em 2 Shoppings considerados pontos de referência no setor atacadista de confecção do Estado do Ceará. Para obtenção dos resultados, aplicou-se um questionário desenvolvido por Cameron e Quinn (2006), que mensura a cultura organizacional nos termos de dimensões e valores compartilhados (cultura clã, cultura inovadora, cultura de mercado e cultura hierárquica). No tocante aos métodos estatísticos, utilizou-se além da estatística descritiva, a árvore classificação e regressão. Os resultados encontrados apontam que a cultura Clã é mais recorrente na amostra pesquisada, o que contraria a hipótese levantada no artigo a qual prevê a tipologia de cultura inovadora como sendo a que caracterizaria as empresas estudadas por estarem inseridas no dinâmico mundo da moda.
LUNG FUNCTION STATE IN THE SERVICE AGE MALE RESIDENTS OF ANADYR AND MAGADAN CITIES
Authors: Максимов  , Maksimov Arkadiy , Вдовенко  , Vdovenko Sergey
Published: June 2016

Northeast Russia covers areas that significantly differ in extreme impact of natural and climatic factors. Despite the fact that the cities of Anadyr (64°44′00″N 177°31′00″E) and Magadan (59°34′00″N 150°48′00″E) are situated on the coast and experience equal specific influence of the sea climate, abiotic parameters of those environments affect residents of the areas in different ways. Respiratory system has proved to be the most exposed to such conditions and susceptible to potential pathology. Reasoning from this fact it became of interest to study main indices of lung function observed in male students of different northern regions. Computerized spirography was used to comparatively examine the lungs’ volume and flow parameters in 466 north-born male Caucasians in the 1st-2nd generation and 118 male Indigenes residing in Chukotka and Magadan region. As resulted from the study the examinees demonstrated significant differences depending on either place of residence or ethnic origin. The Indigenous subjects from Anadyr were the highest in volume parameters (VC 107%, FVC 112%) while maximal volume and flow indices were demonstrated by Indigenes of Magadan (MEF50 119%, MEF75 139%). The strongest structure of correlation between indices of lung function was found in Caucasians of Anadyr who demonstrated the parameters’ significant interdependence. Indigenes of Magadan region had much fewer correlations. Having analyzed the compensatory and adaptive processes, observed in both examined subjects residing in the same climatic area, we found those processes running the way of convergent adaptation that features the subjects’ lung function indices to become closer.
MICRODIMENSIONAL POLLUTION OF ATMOSPHERE IN BLAGOVESHCHENSK
Authors: Памирский  , Pamirskiy Igor , Кодинцев  , Kodintsev Vladimir , Чайка  , Chayka Vladimir , Голохваст  , Golokhvast Kirill , Белоус  , Belous Ruslan
Published: June 2016

The work shows the results of substance study of atmospheric suspensions contained in the snow of Blagoveshchensk during the season of 2013-2014. The distribution of suspended in the air particles of different origin in 19 areas with various anthropogenic impact was revealed. Big and mid-size motor transport centers are the main suppliers of the biggest part of microparticles (till 100 mkm) into the atmosphere. Suburban and park lands are the source of macroparticles (from 400 mkm). In the area of the shipyard with plating industry, nanoparticles of 50 nm and of high square of specific surface were found. It was shown that microdimensional pollution of the atmosphere of Blagoveshchensk can be assessed as moderate.
CLINICAL AND FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA DURING THE POSTPARTUM PERIOD
Authors: Зенкина  , Zenkina Anna , Приходько  , Prikhodko Olga , Кострова  , Kostrova Irina , Смородина  , Smorodina Elena
Published: June 2016

Worldwide in recent years there has been a big interest in the problem of diagnosis and treatment of asthma in the gestation period, occurring, according to various sources, in 1–13.8% of pregnant women. The aim of the work was to determine the clinical and functional characteristics of the course of asthma during pregnancy and the postpartum period, including patients with repeated pregnancies and childbirth. 102 patients with asthma were examined in dynamics of pregnancy and the postpartum period lasting from 3 months to 3 years. There were used clinical and medical history data, integrated monitoring of clinical syndromes, testing using Asthma Control Test (ASTTM), research of lung function, day monitoring of airway conductance parameters, evaluation of the impact of birth stress on adaptation reserves and the condition of the natural resistance of the body by the blood count. Dynamics of asthma course in the gestation period looked as follows: worsening of the course was observed in 44% of patients, often with non-allergic and mixed forms of the disease; without significant dynamics there were 39.2% of patients, improvement was observed in 9.8%, mainly at mild persistent allergic asthma. In the postpartum period 34.3% of patients showed improvement, 41.2% did not have any dynamics, and 24.5% had worsening of symptoms, mainly they were with moderate and severe asthma. The influence of some factors on the asthma dynamics during gestation and the postpartum period was found out. They were the severity of the disease, the presence of extra pulmonary allergic diseases, multivalent sensitization, chronic diseases of upper respiratory tract, ARVI and the way medical recommendations were followed by patients.
ASSESSMENT OF LIPID METABOLISM IN PARTURIENT WOMEN AND THEIR NEWBORN AT CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION
Authors: Ишутина  , Ishutina Nataliya , Дорофиенко  , Dorofienko Nikolay
Published: June 2016

In order to study the lipid metabolism of a mother–newborn system, there were examined 35 women in labor who had the exacerbation of chronic cytomegalovirus infection with the titer of IgG antibodies to cytomegalovirus 1:1600 in the III trimester of gestation and the same number of newborns (the main group). The control group consisted of 35 healthy pregnant women and their newborns. In maternal blood plasma and neonatal umbilical cord blood, total cholesterol content, triglyceride, lipoproteid cholesterol of high (HDL) and low (LDL) density were studied; in the membrane of erythrocytes the concentration of arachidonic acid and lysophosphatidylcholine was examined. It was found that in comparison with the control group at exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection during gestation there was a significant transformation of lipid metabolism not only in the mother´s blood, but in the blood of the umbilical cord of newborn children, which was revealed through the reduction of the content of total cholesterol (in mother it was by 21%, in the newborn it was by 35%, p<0.001) and cholesterol of LDL (in mother by 24%, in the newborn by 36%, p<0.001); through an increase in the concentration of triglycerides (in mother by 28%, in newborn by 21%, p<0.001); cholesterol of HDL (in mother by 24%, in the newborn by 46%, p<0.001) and chaotropic fractions of phospholipid bilayer of membranes of red blood cells – lysophosphatidylcholine (in mother by 69%, in the newborn by 76%, p<0.001); arachidonic acid (in mother by 62%, in the newborn by 34%, p<0.001). The disturbance of the lipid composition contributes to pathogenesis of CMV infection and allows further conceptual approaches to prevention and treatment of viral infection during pregnancy. The study results suggest the feasibility and necessity of including drugs with antioxidant, antihypoxic action and the ability to regulate lipid metabolism in the complex therapy of pregnant women.
THE CHANGE OF HORMONAL STATUS IN WOMEN WITN INFLUENZA VIRUS A(H3N2) IN THE FIRST TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Луценко  , Lutsenko Mikhail , Гориков  , Gorikov Igor , Андриевская  , Andrievskaya Irina
Published: June 2016

The contents of β-subunit of chorionic gonadotropin (β-CG), estriol, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DEAS), placental lactogen and cortisol were studied in 164 women of child-bearing age at the 7-9th weeks of pregnancy. The first group (control) consisted of 30 women with physiologic course of pregnancy. The second group (comparison) had 32 patients with the threat of premature delivery of non-infectious etiology. The third group included 36 patients with influenza virus А(Н3N2) (anti-virus antibody titers were 1:4-1:16); the fourth group had 34 women with influenza virus А(Н3N2) (antibody titers were 1:8-1:32); in the fifth group there were 32 patients with influenza virus А(Н3N2) (antibody titers were 1:32-1:128) and the threat of premature delivery in the period of reconvalescence. The patients of the fifth group had the decrease of the level of β-CG till 40.5±2.0 mМЕ/ml, of estriol till 3.4±0.21 nmole/l, of progesterone till 35.1±3.13 nmole/l, of DEAS till 7.3±0.68 nmole/l, of placental lactogen till 12.1±1.0 nmole/l, as well as the increase of cortisol till 738.7±22.08 nmole/l in comparison with 73.0±2.0 mМЕ/ml (р<0.001), 5.9±0.33 nmole/l (р<0.001), 70.6±4.14 nmole/l (р<0.001); 7.3±0.68 nmole/l (р<0.001), 12.1±1.0 nmole/l (р<0.001) and 567.8±24.02 nmole/l (р<0.001) in the first group, respectively. The differences of hormonal status in the fifth and third group consisted of the drop of concentration of β-CG by 22.8% (р<0.001), of estriol by 26.1% (р<0.01), of progesterone by 32.1% (р<0.001) and placental lactogen by 32.4% (р<0.001). At the same time there were no significant changes in the concentration of DEAS and there were registered higher indicators of cortisol, i.e. the increase by 11.5% (р<0.05), which suggested the significance of the growth of antivirus antibody titers in the suppression of synthesis of hormones in ovaries and in syncytiotrophoblast as a result of direct and indirect negative influence of influenza infection.
MODERN CONCEPTS OF PROGESTERONE ROLE (REVIEW)
Authors: Довжикова  , Dovzhikova Inna , Луценко  , Lutsenko Mikhail
Published: June 2016

Progesterone is a natural steroid hormone that has many functions in the organism, regulating the work of non-reproductive and reproductive tissues. The article describes the mechanism of hormone effects. The data about genomic and nongenomic effects of progesterone through intracellular and plasma membrane´s receptors are presented. Specific effects of progesterone in various tissues depend on the ratio of receptors and their coregulators. Progesterone is the main hormone of pregnancy; therefore a large section is devoted to its action in that period. The hormone functions include participation in the ovulation and implantation processes, decidual transformation of endometrial tissue, inhibition of uterine contractility, suppression of the mother immune system, the accumulation of nutrients for fetal growth, development of the mammary glands, co-operation in the development of the embryo tissues. Several mechanisms of preventing myometrial contractility and transition mechanism of maternal immune system to function in conditions of pregnancy are considered in detail. Besides the hormone role during pregnancy, the regulation of other important functions of the human body is described.
MORPHOFUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS OF SKIN DERMIS AND ITS CHANGES DURING AGING (REVIEW)
Authors: Корнеева  , Korneeva Larisa , Малюк  , Maliuk Ekaterina , Целуйко  , Tseluyko Sergey , Красавина  , Krasavina Nadezhda
Published: June 2016

The review reveals modern concepts of morphology and biochemistry of the intercellular substance of connective tissue of the skin dermis, as well as the characteristic of its cellular composition (fibroblasts, mast cells, histiocytes). The main physical factors influencing the aging process have been studied. It has been shown that age-related skin changes are associated with the decrease in the number of fibroblasts and the amount of collagen, changes in its structure and the relation between its different types of collagens.
THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF BODY PLETHYSMOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Савушкина  , Savushkina Olga , Черняк  , Chernyak Aleksandr
Published: June 2016

One of the methods to evaluate lung function is body plethysmography. Body plethysmography allows to measure indicators that cannot be obtained during spirometry, that is: total lung capacity (TLC), bronchial resistance (Raw), and functional residual capacity (FRC). FRC measured by body plethysmography reflects thoracic gas volume (TGV or VTG), and includes both ventilated and poorly ventilated volume. Plethysmographic measurements are based on the principle of the relationship between pressure and volume at constant temperature and fixed amount of gas. This principle states that the absolute pressure exerted by a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to the volume it occupies if the temperature and amount of gas remain unchanged within a closed system (Boyle-Mariotte Law). In body plethysmography, the following parameters: TGV, vital capacity (VC), expiratory reserve volume (ERV), tidal volume (TV), inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), inspiratory capacity (IC), Raw are obtained. TLC, residual volume (RV) and its share in total lung capacity can be calculated. Reduced TLC allows to diagnose restrictive disorders of pulmonary ventilation. The RV and its share in TLC increase together with airway obstruction indicates air trapping. The TGV increase together with airway obstruction indicates hyperinflation. In the analysis of lung volumes predictive values, which are calculated by the formulas recommended by ATS/ERS statement, are used. The results are expressed as a percentage of the predicted value. Thus, body plethysmography is an important addition to spirometry and image methods of research, allowing to assess the functional state of the lungs more objectively; it helps to conduct the differential diagnosis and control the course of the disease.
Quality increase in surface layer of working cylinder face of reciprocating internal combustion engines (ICE)
Authors: Проватар Алексей , Provatar Aleksey , Дорохов Александр , Dorokhov Aleksandr , Матвеев Юрий , Matveev Yuriy
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this investigation is the problem consideration in the creation in a surface layer of the working cylinder face a structure ensuring antiwear and anti-friction properties. The discovery of new carbon forms – fullerenes and the study of their properties gave a direction in the development of micro-mechanics of friction and wear on the basis of the formation new surface layer properties in friction pairs by means of the saturation its crystal structure with convex polyhedral molecules of fullerenes, mainly C60 and C70. In such cases the most acceptable coating techniques will be, for example, technologies of cylinder nonabrasive honing (charging) for internal combustion engines (ICE). A significant and new feature in this direction is aimed in this case to introduce fullerenes by means of their diffusion into a lattice of a surface layer in a part subjected to friction and wear.
Anticipated vs. Actual Synergy in Merger Partner Selection and Post-Merger Innovation
Authors: Rao Vithala R. , Yu Yu , Umashankar Nita
Published: June 2016

Past research has primarily focused on what happens after a merger. This research attempts to determine whether anticipated benefits from the merger actually accrue. We characterize the effects of observed variables on whether pairs of firms merge, vis-à-vis roommate matching, and then link these factors to post-merger innovation (i.e., number of patents). We jointly estimate the two models using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods with a unique panel data set of 1,979 mergers between 4,444 firms across industries and countries from 1992 to 2008. We find that similarity in national culture and technical knowledge has a positive effect on partner selection and post-merger innovation. Anticipated synergy from subindustry similarity, however, is not realized in post-merger innovation. Furthermore, some key synergy sources are unanticipated when selecting a merger partner. For example, financial synergy from higher total assets and complementarity in total assets and debt leverage as well as knowledge synergy from breadth and depth of knowledge positively influence innovation but not partner selection. Furthermore, factors that dilute synergy (e.g., higher debt levels) are unanticipated, and firms merge with firms that detract from their innovation potential. Overall, the results reveal some incongruity between anticipated and realized synergy.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2016.0978 .
Behavior-Based Pricing, Production Efficiency, and Quality Differentiation
Authors: Jing Bing
Published: June 2016

In a two-period vertical duopoly, we examine how behavior-based price discrimination (BPD) affects the firms’ endogenous quality differentiation and profits. The firms’ relative production efficiency, defined as the ratio between their unit cost difference and quality difference, plays a crucial role. With exogenous product qualities, BPD always decreases the profits of the more efficient firm, but increases those of the sufficiently less efficient firm. Anticipating its period 2 disadvantage in price discrimination, the less efficient firm competes more vigorously and also gains more in period 1 than its competitor. For the sufficiently less efficient firm, its period 1 gain dominates its period 2 loss, and its total profits increase. With endogenous quality choices, BPD does not alter the low-end quality (at the lower bound of the quality space), but increases the high-end quality, enlarging quality differentiation. This is because under BPD, each firm’s profit gain decreases (or its profit loss increases) in its relative production efficiency. Interestingly, BPD may increase both firms’ profits under endogenous quality differentiation. Aside from causing mismatch between consumers and products, we further show that BPD lowers social welfare through inducing excessive quality differentiation.

This paper was accepted by J. Miguel Villas-Boas, marketing.
Structural, Optical and Photoelectrochemical Properties of Cuprous Oxide Synthesized by Low Temperature Thermal Oxidation
Authors: Ogacacho A. A , Aduda B. O.
Published: June 2016

Ultrathin films (50-150nm thick) cuprous oxide (Cu2O) thin films were deposited by low temperature thermal oxidation technique. The structural, optical and photoelectrochemical properties of the thin films were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to study the phase composition and the thin films’ microstructure respectively. XRD results showed that Cu2O was the dominant phase albeit some trace CuO peaks were also observed indicating surface formation of an extremely layer of CuO probably during the cooling process following either deposition or during the annealing steps. SEM showed a highly nanostructure consisting long narrow nanorods with broadening to the surface but with extremely narrow, sharp cylindrical roots standing on the substrate. Photoelectrochemical properties of the films were studied via a standard three electrode using a saturated calomel cell (SCE).
High Temperature XRD of Phase Transition in Piezoelectric PbNb2O6 across its Curie Temperature
Authors: De Udayan , Ranjan Sahu Kriti , Chakraborty Keka R
Published: June 2016

Orthorhombic phase of lead metaniobate (PbNb2O6) is piezoelectric with a high Curie temperature (>570°C) with high potential of wide use in important high temperature applications that cannot be covered by the popular piezoelectric materials based on BT and PZT. Difficulty of preparing it in pure phase hindered full characterisation and wide use of this long known piezoelectric material. Here,PbNb2O6 pellets have been prepared in pure orthorhombic phase and first characterised by room temperature TEM and XRD techniques, with a satisfying agreement of the two results. Next, we carried out high temperature x-ray diffraction study of its ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition on heating across the Curie temperature, and also trace the cooling path.On heating the sample to 590°C and cooling back, there is a significant increase of cell volume.
Preparation and Characterization of Si3N4-BN Ceramic Composites by Gelcasting
Authors: Thallapalli Nagaveni , Kumar K. Kishore , Rao C. S. P.
Published: June 2016

In this work, a novel method for the preparation of colloids has been studied for the fabrication of silicon nitride –Boron nitride composites. In the present work, the dispersion of mixed silicon nitride –Boron nitride powders in aqueous media was studied with the changes dispersant concentration, solution pH etc. Polyethylenimine (PEI) additive as a dispersant were used for Si3N4 and BN powders in aqueous media. Well-dispersed Si3N4 and BN powders in aqueous media were attained atthe 1 wt% PEI and pH 9. 40 vol% covered Si3N4/BN slurries with varying BN content was adapted for gel casting. The gel casted material waspreheated at normal room temperature, debindered at 6000C and sintered at 17000C. The sintered composite material composed mainly of alpha-Si3N4, beta-Si3N4, and h-BN. The prepared composite material shows uniform microstructure with faceted particles, α-Si3N4 and abundant pores.
A unified theory of bone healing and nonunion
Authors: Elliott D. S. , Newman K. J. H. , Forward D. P. , Hahn D. M. , Ollivere B. , Kojima K. , Handley R. , Rossiter N. D. , Wixted J. J. , Smith R. M. , Moran C. G.
Published: June 2016

This article presents a unified clinical theory that links established facts about the physiology of bone and homeostasis, with those involved in the healing of fractures and the development of nonunion. The key to this theory is the concept that the tissue that forms in and around a fracture should be considered a specific functional entity. This ‘bone-healing unit’ produces a physiological response to its biological and mechanical environment, which leads to the normal healing of bone. This tissue responds to mechanical forces and functions according to Wolff’s law, Perren’s strain theory and Frost’s concept of the “mechanostat”. In response to the local mechanical environment, the bone-healing unit normally changes with time, producing different tissues that can tolerate various levels of strain. The normal result is the formation of bone that bridges the fracture – healing by callus. Nonunion occurs when the bone-healing unit fails either due to mechanical or biological problems or a combination of both. In clinical practice, the majority of nonunions are due to mechanical problems with instability, resulting in too much strain at the fracture site. In most nonunions, there is an intact bone-healing unit. We suggest that this maintains its biological potential to heal, but fails to function due to the mechanical conditions. The theory predicts the healing pattern of multifragmentary fractures and the observed morphological characteristics of different nonunions. It suggests that the majority of nonunions will heal if the correct mechanical environment is produced by surgery, without the need for biological adjuncts such as autologous bone graft.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:884–91.
Correlations and time-dependent changes of upper arm performance tests, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, and a newly developed patient-based outcome measure
Authors: Fujiwara H. , Makino T. , Yonenobu K. , Honda H. , Kaito T.
Published: June 2016

Aims

In this prospective observational study, we investigated the time-dependent changes and correlations of upper arm performance tests (ten-second test and Simple Test for Evaluating Hand Function (STEF), the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, and the JOA Cervical Myelopathy Evaluation Questionnaire (JOACMEQ) in 31 patients with cervical myelopathy who had undergone surgery.

Patients and Methods

We hypothesised that all the indices correlate with each other, but show slightly different recovery patterns, and that the newly described JOACMEQ is a sensitive outcome measure.

Results

Peak recoveries were achieved one month post-operatively in the ten-second test and JOACMEQ upper extremity function (UEF) subscale, and at three months in the JOA and STEF scores. The recoveries of all indices were maintained until six months post-operatively. The upper extremity function (UEF) subscale in the JOACMEQ showed the strongest correlation with STEF although all the indices correlated with each other. Patients with ≥ 20 and < 20 acquired points in the UEF subscale were classified into the UEF-improved and UEF-unimproved groups. Comparisons between the groups showed that pre-operative evaluation of “coordinated motion” of the STEF was significantly low in the UEF-unimproved group.

Conclusion

These results indicate that the JOACMEQ is a concise, sensitive, patient-based outcome measure for evaluating functional recovery in patients with cervical myelopathy who have undergone surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:990–6.
Cementless total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Dalury D. F.
Published: June 2016

As the number of younger and more active patients treated with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) continues to increase, consideration of better fixation as a means of improving implant longevity is required. Cemented TKA remains the reference standard with the largest body of evidence and the longest follow-up to support its use. However, cementless TKA, may offer the opportunity of a more bone-sparing procedure with long lasting biological fixation to the bone. We undertook a review of the literature examining advances of cementless TKA and the reported results.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:867–73.
The Osseointegration Group of Australia Accelerated Protocol (OGAAP-1) for two-stage osseointegrated reconstruction of amputated limbs
Authors: Muderis M. Al , Tetsworth K. , Khemka A. , Wilmot S. , Bosley B. , Lord S. J. , Glatt V.
Published: June 2016

Aims

This study describes the Osseointegration Group of Australia’s Accelerated Protocol two-stage strategy (OGAAP-1) for the osseointegrated reconstruction of amputated limbs.

Patients and Methods

We report clinical outcomes in 50 unilateral trans-femoral amputees with a mean age of 49.4 years (24 to 73), with a minimum one-year follow-up. Outcome measures included the Questionnaire for persons with a Trans-Femoral Amputation, the health assessment questionnaire Short-Form-36 Health Survey, the Amputation Mobility Predictor scores presented as K-levels, 6 Minute Walk Test and timed up and go tests. Adverse events included soft-tissue problems, infection, fractures and failure of the implant.

Results

Our results demonstrated statistically significant improvements in all five outcome measures. A total of 27 patients experienced adverse events but at the conclusion of the study, all 50 were walking on osseointegrated prostheses.

Conclusion

These results demonstrate that osseointegrated prostheses are a suitable alternative to socket-fit devices for amputees experiencing socket-related discomfort and that our strategy offers more rapid progress to walking than other similar protocols. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:952–60.
Maintenance of spontaneous lumbar curve correction following thoracic fusion of main thoracic curves in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Sudo H. S. , Mayer M. M. , Kaneda K. K. , Núñez-Pereira S. , Shono S. Y. , Hitzl W. H. , Iwasaki N. I. , Koller H. K.
Published: June 2016

Aims

The aims of our study were to provide long-term information on the behaviour of the thoracolumbar/lumbar (TL/L) curve after thoracic anterior correction and fusion (ASF) and to determine the impact of ASF on pulmonary function.

Patients and Methods

A total of 41 patients (four males, 37 females) with main thoracic (MT) adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) treated with ASF were included. Mean age at surgery was 15.2 years (11 to 27). Mean follow-up period was 13.5 years (10 to 18).

Results

For the TL/L curve, the mean curve flexibility evaluated with supine pre-operative bending radiographs was 78.6% (standard deviation 16.5%), with no significant loss of correction observed. On comparing patients with an increase of the TL/L curve increase (> 4º, n = 9, 22%) to those without, significant differences were observed in the correction rate of the MT curve at the final follow-up (p = 0.011), correction loss of the MT curve (p = 0.003) and the proportion of patients who had semi-rigid instrumentation (p = 0.003). Pre-operative percentage predicted forced vital capacity (%FVC) was 80%, dropping to 72% at final follow-up (p < 0.001). The Scoliosis Research Society questionnaire score was not significantly different between patients with and without a TL/L curve increase (p = 0.606). Spontaneous lumbar curve correction (SLCC) was maintained up to 18 years following selective ASF in most patients and demonstrated significant correlation with maintenance of MT curve correction.

Conclusion

Maintenance of MT curve correction using rigid instrumentation provided stable SLCC over time. An observed 8% decrease in %FVC indicates that ASF should be reserved for patients with no or only mild pulmonary impairment. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:997–1002.
Circulating exosome levels in the diagnosis of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Zhu H-Y. , Gao Y-C. , Wang Y. , Zhang C-Q.
Published: June 2016

Objectives

Circulating exosomes represent novel biomarkers for multiple diseases. In this study, we investigated whether circulating exosome levels could be used as a diagnostic biomarker for steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH).

Methods

We assessed the serum exosome level of 85 patients with steroid-induced ONFH and 115 healthy donors by Nanosight detection. We then assessed the diagnostic accuracy of serum exosomes by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results

The circulating exosome level of the ONFH group was significantly lower than that of control group. The area under the curve was 0.72, suggesting that the level of serum exosomes has moderate diagnostic accuracy for steroid-induced ONFH.

Conclusion

Circulating exosome levels are valuable in the diagnosis of steroid-induced ONFH. Cite this article: H-Y. Zhu, Y-C. Gao, Y. Wang, C-Q. Zhang. Circulating exosome levels in the diagnosis of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:276–279. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.56.BJR-2015-0014.R1.
Teaching Feminist Research Methods: Evidence-Based Teaching
Authors: Hattery Angie , Davis Shannon
Published: June 2016

What are Feminist research methods and how are they different from other, non-Feminist research methods? This presentation begins by interrogating the question of how research methods become labeled as Feminist. Building on this knowledge, we detail how this investigation guided our implementation of a new Feminist Research Methods course. The evaluation [research] of this course yielded information regarding the deeply ingrained connection students have between certain research methods and Feminist practice, despite completing a course that explicitly argued for the application of the label "Feminist" to any research rooted in Feminist theory or practices, regardless of the methodologies employed. Additionally, the evaluation [research] we performed of the first offering of this course has allowed us to revise the course based on evidence, not just "hunches," in ways that improve the student experience as well as identify some of the structural and pedagogical challenges when teaching Feminist research methods.
In Their Own Best Interest: Data-Based Decisions in the Classroom
Authors: Davis Doris
Published: June 2016

Regular quizzing that requires retrieval (e.g., fill-in-the-blank and open-ended questions) has been found to enhance the retention of information relative to quizzing that requires recognition (i.e., multiple-choice questions). This phenomenon, called the testing effect, has been demonstrated in a variety of laboratory and classroom studies. In past semesters, students in an upper-level psychology course who took fill-in-the blank quizzes performed significantly better on multiple-choice exams than students who took multiple-choice quizzes covering the same material. More recently, students have been provided with information about the testing effect, including data from earlier semesters of the same course, and allowed to individually choose their quiz format. While many students initially chose fill-in-the-blank quizzes, the majority switched to multiple-choice quizzes when allowed to do so one quarter of the way through the semester. Students in three sections of the course have exhibited this same pattern, despite evidence from their own sections that, on average, students taking fill-in quizzes earned higher grades on the first exam. The implications of this behavior, as well as its potential as a "teachable moment," will be considered.
Does being on call the night before an exam affect the results?
Authors: Sultan R , Khan MR , Raja AJ
Published: June 2016

The effect of post-call status of surgery residents on their score in the end-of-year examination.
Utopia, Palestine, and partition: Herbert Samuel’s An Unknown Land (1942)
Authors: Fordham Finn
Published: July 2016

This article examines the relation between, on the one hand, ‘An Unknown Land’, a moderately popular Utopian fiction written by the Jewish Liberal politician, Herbert Samuel, and, on the other, Samuel’s involvement in British policy towards Palestine from World War I to the time of the Arab Uprising (1936–1939). Samuel was the first High Commisioner of Palestine, from 1922 to 1925 under the British Mandate, and had sympathies with Zionism. In the late 1930s, he resisted (successfully) the various plans proposed to partition Palestine into Jewish, Muslim and specifically British areas. His resistance to partition, however, sits oddly alongside the fiction, in which the threat of sectarian civil war in Utopia is assuaged through a voluntary act of partition, agreed by all parties. The article argues that the contradiction does not signal any irony or satire against the condition of Utopia on Samuel’s part, but represents both a wish-fulfilment and Samuel’s Imperialist political unconscious in which Zionism is a means to an Imperialist end, and is justified as a Utopian triumph of modernity over tradition.
General reviews
Authors: Stoneman Rod , Johnson Veronica , Goss Brian Michael
Published: July 2016

Design by Ikea, Sara Kristoffersson (2014) London: Bloomsbury, 148 pp., ISBN: 9780857858146, p/bk, £19.98

The Black Irish Onscreen: Representing Black and Mixedrace Identities on Irish Film and Television, Zelie Asava (2013) Bern: Peter Lang, 213 pp., ISBN: 3034308396, p/bk, £36.00

The Cinema of Michael Winterbottom: Borders, Intimacy, Terror, Bruce Bennett (2014) 1st ed., London: Wallflower Press, 232 pp., ISBN: 9780231167376, p/bk, £18.50; ISBN: 9780231167369, h/bk, £33.50
El cubre de la cama y el sofá en una casa de la calle meshchanskaya. Sobre Viktor Shklovsky y la percepción de los objetos
Authors: Barberá Pastor Carlos
Published: June 2016

Tretya meshchanskaya es el título de la película muda filmada en 1927 y dirigida por el cineasta ruso Abram Matveyevich Room. La traducción literal, Cama y sofá, alude a dos de los muebles de la pequeña vivienda de la calle meshchanskaya, mobiliario donde poder dormir y soñar. En el film, las calles, las plazas de la ciudad de Moscú o el interior de la vivienda, conforman un escenario donde Nikolai, oficial de la construcción, Volodia, oficial de imprenta, y Liudmila, ama de casa, se ganan la vida en la capital Soviética. La película, más que el interés que puede causar la historia en sí, posibilita entablar relaciones interpretables hoy, desde una opinión, que conforman relaciones entre casa y ciudad propiamente.
El turismo residencial en Valle de Bravo, México. Una interpretación de su ciclo de vida
Authors: Deverdun Reyna Marie Eugenie , Osorio García Maribel , Iracheta Cenecorta Alfonso
Published: June 2016

El turismo residencial en Valle de Bravo, Estado de México, surge a partir de la consolidación de su presa, iniciando un proceso de transformación no sólo paisajística, sino territorial y socioeconómica, el cual además, ha marcado la pauta para llevar a este destino a convertirse en uno de los sitios turísticos más importantes del Estado de México. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo realizar una caracterización de las etapas que ha tenido Valle de Bravo debido a la proliferación de residencias desde sus inicios como sitio turístico hasta la época actual, analizando su posible tendencia de crecimiento para los próximos años. Para poder realizar este análisis, se utilizó el modelo del Ciclo de Vida Turístico en el que diversas variables cuantitativas y cualitativas fueron utilizadas para ejemplificar cómo ha ido evolucionando Valle de Bravo. A través de éste análisis se demuestra que la zona está acercándose a límites de capacidad de carga, lo cual supone un mayor impacto en la zona principalmente en sus recursos más importantes: el espacio físico y, su alto valor paisajístico y natural.
Kreativpolitik
Authors: Dzudzek Iris
Published: July 2016

Die »kreative Stadt« ist in den vergangenen Jahren zu einer global zirkulierenden mobile policy geworden, deren Programme und Strategien auch in Deutschland von vielen Städten begeistert aufgenommen wurden. Inwiefern trägt dieses Politikmodell zur Restrukturierung von Stadtpolitik und lokaler Staatlichkeit bei? Wie verändert es sich im Zuge seiner Artikulation und Implementierung auf städtischer Ebene? Führt es zum Ausverkauf demokratischer Teilhabe in der Stadt? Welche Formen des Widerstandes und des Unvernehmens lassen sich beobachten? Theoretisch versiert und empirisch fundiert untersucht Iris Dzudzek am Beispiel der Stadt Frankfurt am Main die lokale Artikulation und Aushandlung globaler Prozesse.
Poetologie der Stimmung
Authors: Hajduk Stefan
Published: July 2016

Mit dem Erscheinen von Goethes »Werther« (1774) hält ein neues Phänomen Einzug in die Literaturgeschichte: die Stimmung. Dieses schon der Antike bekannte Gefühl einer fundamentalen Verschränkung von Ich und Welt avanciert im letzten Drittel des 18. Jahrhunderts zu einem poetologischen Gestaltungsprinzip, das die folgende Epoche der Romantik entscheidend prägen wird. Nach ihrem Aufkommen in der Literatur wird die ästhetische Stimmung auch in Musik und anderen Künsten europaweit zu einem zentralen Ausdrucksmittel. Stefan Hajduks Studie liefert die systematische Ausarbeitung von Stimmung zu einem methodisch belastbaren Konzept der historischen Literaturforschung und verbindet damit die aktuelle Theoriedebatte über Emotionen mit der Praxis der wissenschaftlichen Gefühlslektüre.
Random Dynamical Systems with Jumps and with a Function Type Intensity
Authors: Kubieniec Joanna
Published: June 2016

In paper [4] there are considered random dynamical systems with randomly chosen jumps acting on Polish spaces. The intensity of this process is a constant λ. In this paper we formulate criteria for the existence of an invariant measure and asymptotic stability for these systems in the case when λ is not constant but a Lipschitz function.
Epidemics of group 16SrI-A phytoplasmas in a garden of Vilnius region in Lithuania
Authors: Jomantienė Rasa , Ivanauskas Algirdas , Valiūnas Deividas , Urbanavičienė Laima , Šneideris Donatas
Published: June 2016

Here we report on a plant disease caused by insect-transmitted unculturable plant pathogenic bacteria detected in a private garden in Vilnius region. Samples of symptomatic peas (Pisum sativum L.), nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.), strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne) and zucchini (Cucurbita pepo var. giromontina) plant tissues were collected. Based on the molecular technique, the Internet tools and phylogenetic analysis, these pathogens were identified as phytoplasmas and classified in phytoplasma RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) group 16SrI, subgroup A. Because this pathogen may be spread by insect-vector that comes from the wild nature, the phytoplasmas could cause a problem in agriculture of Lithuania.
Vascular flora of the Viešvilė State Strict Nature Reserve and its buffer zone (West Lithuania)
Authors: Uselienė Asta , Uselis Vytautas
Published: June 2016

The paper presents analysis of the results of floristic studies carried out over 25 years in the Viešvilė State Strict Nature Reserve (VSSNR) and its buffer zone. The list of 703 vascular plant species including the data on their distribution and dynamics of abundance are provided. The native flora of the VSSNR includes 580 species, i.e. amounts to 47% of all native vascular plant species recorded in Lithuania. Since 1991, after the establishment of the Reserve, 15 species have become extinct and 30 have become endangered as a result of natural succession. Among 37 alien species recorded in the Reserve, four species are penetrating into natural habitats and threatening their existence. It was ascertained that about half of all species were recorded in meadows and glades of the forests, i.e. in the habitats, which occupy less than 1% of the whole territory. These are also habitats of most extinct and endangered species. Riparian and fontinal black alder woods are the most rich in vascular plant species among forest habitats.
Caldesia Parnassifolia – not extinct in Lithuania
Authors: Sinkevičienė Zofija
Published: June 2016

Caldesia parnassifolia (L.) Parl. is a “near threatened” species in Europe and it has been treated as extinct in Lithuania, the latest gathering dating back to 1957. Occurring there at the northern border of its range, this species was recorded only once at the beginning of the 19th century and twice in separate localities in the middle of the 20th century. In summer 2015, after an interval of almost 60 years, C. parnassifolia was found in a new locality, more than 100 km north of those previously known. A very abundant population composed of vegetative and flowering (turion forming) individuals was spread over about 3.5 ha area in Lake Rūžas, known as a unique Lithuanian habitat of Aldrovanda vesiculosa. C. parnassifolia formed almost monodominant stands along swampy shores and less abundantly occurred in communities of floating leaved species (mainly Nuphar luteum and Potamogeton natans) at a depth of 0.5–1 m. It is likely that implemented measures to improve the habitat condition for A. vesiculosa were favourable for the appearance of C. parnassifolia.