bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feedlot diets containing increasing starch levels and different feed additives changes cecal proteome profile involved on energy metabolism and inflammatory response of Nellore cattle
Authors: Rocha Leone Campos , Assunção Andrey Sávio de Almeida , Martins Renata Aparecida , Carvalho Victor Valério de , Perdigão Alexandre , Buzalaf Marília Afonso Rabelo , Adamec Jiri , Millen Danilo Domingues , Vieira José Cavalcante Souza , Padilha Pedro de Magalhães
Published: September 2020

Background Diets for feedlot cattle require higher energy density, thus contributing to the high rate of fermentable carbohydrate. The use of feed additives is necessary to reduce possible metabolic disorders. The objective of this study was to analyze the post-rumen effects of different levels of starch (25, 35, and 45%) and additives (Monensin, Blend of essential oil + exogenous α-Amylase) in diets for Nellore cattle feedlot. The cecum tissue proteome was separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE), and then, with the verification of differentially expressed protein SPOTS, these were characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS).Results The expression of nine enzymes participating in the Steps of the glycolysis pathway was verified, such as: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase like-17 protein, Triosephosphate isomerase (Step 1); Phosphoglycerate mutase and Phosphoglycerate mutase 2 (Step 2); Alpha-enolase (ENO1), Beta-enolase (ENO3) and Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (ALDOB) (Step 4); and Pyruvate Kinase (PKM) (Step 5). There was expression of three enzymes linked to catalytic activities participating in the synthesis of lactate from pyruvate: L-lactate dehydrogenase B, L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain and L-lactate dehydrogenase. The ATP synthase subunit beta and ATP synthase subunit beta_mitochondrial participate in the electron transport chain, producing ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. Due to the manipulation of diets, the expression of the Leukocyte elastase inhibitor protein, associated with the inflammatory response.Conclusions The use of blends of essential oil associated with α-amylase as a feed additive promoted the greater expression of enzymes in the pathway of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis (and the absence of proteins linked to inflammation (Leukocyte elastase inhibitor) in cecum tissues. On the other hand, the increase in starch in the diets promoted a reduction in enzymes linked to carbohydrate degradation with increased responses linked to inflammatory injuries.
The Informed Consent Process in Health Research with Under-served Populations: A Realist Review Protocol.
Authors: Hoverd Eleanor , Staniszewska Sophie , Dale Jeremy
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe informed consent process aims to provide potential participants with information about health research that enables them to make an informed decision as to whether they choose to participate, or not. However, it remains unclear as to whether the process is effective for those whom are under-served in health research. It is a pivotal issue within health research that the diversity of people who participate is broadened. The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) pledges to support equality, diversity and inclusion, actively creating opportunities for all citizens whom are eligible, to take part in health research. MethodsIn order to understand how the informed consent process for under-served populations in health research works, under what circumstances and in what respects, a realist review approach will be undertaken. Searches will be carried out using electronic databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science and PsychInfo), along with selected websites and grey literature. Development of initial rough programme theory (ies) will lead to a more refined programme theory that will provide an explanation of context, mechanism and outcomes. Stakeholder involvement by NIHR (Public) Research Champions, health professionals and clinical academics will provide expert opinion about concepts and programme theory.DiscussionFindings of this realist review will highlight how the informed consent process in health research affects the experience and decision-making process of potential participants from under-served populations. They will be written up in accordance with RAMESES guidelines and disseminated to patients and the public, health researchers, health professionals and policymakers through peer-reviewed publication, presentations and discussions. The review will contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms that trigger both positive and negative outcomes in the informed consent process for those whom are often under-represented in health research to inform policy, study design and delivery.
Severe Median Nerve Injured After Local Corticosteroid Injection in A Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Patient ——A Case Report
Authors: Zhou Haiying , lu hui
Published: September 2020

Background

The corticosteroid injection is known to be an effective and safe treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome, no serious complications was reported in previous literature. We report a severe median nerve injured case after corticosteroid injection. Case presentation: A 55-year-old female patient was admitted to our hospital because of numbness in her right finger for 10 years. Total six corticosteroid injections were performed in the past 2 years, and the symptoms did not relief significantly. She underwent ligament resection and median nerve release. The median nerve epineurium thickened and the scar was obvious during the surgery. The patient made a perfect recovery after surgery. Conclusions: The accurate preoperative assessment and personalized treatment are very important for peripheral nerve entrapment disease.
Perceptions on abortion and long-acting contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in selected Nigerian States: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bolarinwa Obasanjo Afolabi , Chima Victor , Olagunju Olalekan Seun
Published: September 2020

Background: It is estimated that over 210 million pregnancies occur each year, with almost half of these unplanned. The evidence further shows that about 76 million of these unplanned pregnancies occur in the developing world, with 19% ending in induced abortion and 11% of these abortions being unsafe. Abortion is greatly stigmatized in Nigeria, and the lack of a legal framework to support access to abortion services necessitates women seeking abortion services in unsafe places. This study, therefore, examines the perception of women on abortion (prevalence and stigma) on long-acting contraceptive (LARC) use in Nigeria.Methods: We performed secondary data analysis on the round 5 of performance monitoring and accountability (PMA) data for seven states in Nigeria for women of reproductive age (n = 11,284), examining responses on use abortion incidence, perceptions on stigmatization and LARC use using χ2 analysis and multivariate logistic regression models.Results: Socio-demographic factors examined were found to be significantly associated with the perception that abortion was common among women who agreed that abortion was shameful. Women residents in rural areas were more likely (OR = 1.34; p-value = 0.000). Further, married women (OR = 15.18, p-value= 0.000) were 15 times more likely to use LARC.Conclusions: Perceptions that abortion is common, and it is a shameful practice were found to be underlying contributors to LARC use in Nigeria. However, the most significant influence is the socio-demographic factors. Therefore, implementing agencies must ensure to tackle socio-demographic barriers to access and legislation of contraceptive uptake as this would reduce mortality from abortions
Socio-demographic factors Influencing Postpartum care joint decision making and use of Family Planning among the young population in South-West, Nigeria
Authors: Bolarinwa Obasanjo Afolabi , Olagunju Olalekan Seun , Olaniyan Akintayo , Babalola Tesleem
Published: September 2020

Background: Population explosion continues to be a serious concern across the globe. The current world population estimate of 7.7 billion people is expected to increase to 9.7 billion by the year 2050. Despite the projected growth, recent reports have shown that approximately, six million infants died before their first birthday, and thirty-five women die per hour as a result of pregnancy and childbirth related complications. Postpartum Family Planning (PPFP) has been recommended to help protect women from unplanned pregnancies within the first six weeks of giving birth. An effective postpartum contraceptive utilization in developing countries could reduce the rate of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Thus, this study was aimed at examining the socio-demographic factors that influence postpartum care joint decision making and the use of family planning among the young female population in South West, Nigeria.Methods: The study involved the use of primary dataset collected among young mothers aged 15-30 years in South West, Nigeria, in 2019. Inclusion criteria including having a child in the year preceding the survey. One hundred forty respondents were interviewed in three senatorial districts to give 420 respondents, and the data collected were analyzed adopting univariate, bivariate, and multivariate measures.Results: The findings from the study showed that respondents across all the age groups were more likely to jointly agree with their spouse/partner concerning the use of family planning, and this was significant for the age group 25-29 years. Also, there was a significant association between family planning usage and a healthy, meaningful relationship between joint decision, and communication on the use of family planning after delivery (P-value < 0.05).Conclusion: This study revealed the importance of male partners in couple’s decision towards uptake of family planning services. It recommends that focused community orientation, and awareness strategies, including reproductive health education for couples, should be implemented at community grass root levels
In Situ Acoustic Analysis of Two 20th-Century Heritage Carillons
Authors: Orr Scott Allan
Published: September 2020

Carillons are a diverse and global form of musical and civic heritage: musical instruments comprised of a series of 23 or more bells, typically hung in a tower-like structure, tuned chromatically and played from a touch-sensitive manual and pedal console using an elaborate mechanical action. Carillon bells have a distinct series of musical overtones which need to be accurately tuned to one another and with other bells they sound alongside. Although these overtones have been previously studied ex situ, this study assesses the acoustic characteristics of two early-20th century carillons in Toronto, Canada as a combination of structure, bells, and mechanical action. Thus, the instrument and its context are considered holistically, more accurately reﬂecting the musical sensitivity of a carillonist. Spectral and Fourier analysis of audio samples of each bell at diﬀerent musical dynamic levels enabled the analysis of the acoustic qualities of the bells and the mechanical action of the instruments. The tuning of bells in the instruments varied; most importantly, there was a signiﬁcant diﬀerence between the audial intensity of the bell tones produced by the instruments, demonstrating the importance of the mechanical action as part of the ‘carillon system’. This was represented with a resistive power-law model, that represents the sensitivity of intensity to carillonist musical dynamic level. A discussion of the implications for artistic and heritage practice follows. Understanding the in situ physical acoustics of the carillon as a holistic instrument in its context informs performers, arrangers, and composers of how they can best embrace the instrument’s unique qualities to improve artistic pursuits and support the appreciation of carillons as heritage instruments and function as civic voices.
TGF-β1 in Seminal Plasma Promotes Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem Cell Growth via p42/44 and Akt Pathway in Endometriosis
Authors: Li Jing , Dai Yongdong , Li Chao , Zhu Haiyan , Jin Xiaoying , Lin Xiang , Zhang Yanling , Zhang Songying
Published: September 2020

Background: The cause of endometriosis, which is characterized by the existence of functional endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, is poorly understood. Seminal plasma (SP) is rich in multiple cytokines may promote endometrial tissue survival. Methods: We evaluated the effect of SP on growth of endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from women with endometriosis (E-MSCs), and women without endometriosis (NE-MSCs). Additionally, effects of SP on endometriotic implants were analyzed using a xenograft model of endometriosis in immunodeﬁcient nude mice.Results: Proliferation, cell foci formation, cell cycle progression, and growth marker expression of E- and NE-MSCs were promoted by SP. SP signiﬁcantly stimulated phosphorylation of p42/44 and Akt and increased expression of the proliferation marker in E- and NE-MSCs, which was attenuated by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) receptor inhibitor SB431542, Akt inhibitor LY294002, or p42/44 MAPK inhibitor PD98059. SP enhanced CDK2 and CDK6 expression and accelerated cell cycle progression in E-MSCs. Xenografts exposed to SP exhibited a three-fold increase in volume and four-fold increase in weight after 14 days.﻿Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that TGF-β1 in SP may promote endometrial tissue survival. These effects may be mediated through activation of TGF-β1, Akt, and p42/44 signaling, which enhances CDK2 and CDK6 expression and accelerates cell cycle progression.
Association of Epicardial Fat Thickness with Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in a Community Population
Authors: Ma Wei , Zhang Baowei , Yang Ying , Qi Litong , Zhou Jin , Li Min , Jia Jia , Zhang Yan , Yong Huo
Published: September 2020

Background Left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction can be a sole cause of all-cause mortality, while increased epicardial fat thickness (EFT) is significantly correlated with impairment of LV diastolic function. Herein, we examined the relationship between EFT measured by echocardiography and LV diastolic function in a Beijing community population.Methods We included 1004 participants in this study. Echocardiographic parameters including E and A peak velocity, the early diastolic velocities (e’) of the septal and lateral of mitral annulus using tissue doppler imaging, E/e’, and EFT, were measured. EFT1 was measured perpendicularly on the right ventricular free wall at end-diastole in the extension line of the aortic root. EFT2 was the maximum thickness measured perpendicularly on the right ventricular free wall at end-diastole. Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between EFT and the mean e’ and E/e’.Results The mean age of the participants was 63.91 ± 9.02 years old (51.4% men). EFT1 and EFT2 were negatively correlated with e’ lat, e’ sep, and e’ mean (p < 0.05), and positively correlated with E/e’ lat, E/e’ sep, and E/e’ mean. Multivariate regression analysis showed that EFT1 and EFT2 were independently and negatively correlated with e’ mean (EFT1: β = −0.089 [95% confidence interval = −0.177, −0.000, p = 0.050]; EFT2: β = −0.078 [95% confidence interval = −0.143, −0.012, p = 0.020]). There were no interactions between EFT and any covariates, including age or heart groups, sex, BMI, or presence of hypertension, diabetes, or coronary heart disease in relation to LV diastolic dysfunction.Conclusions EFT was negatively and independently correlated with e’ mean, suggesting that more attention to this type of adipose fat is required for cardiovascular disease therapy.
Architectural Ruins: A Geoheritage Essay on the Anatomy of Buildings
Authors: Bianco Lino
Published: September 2020

Ruins are a statement on the building materials used and the construction method employed. Malta is the smallest European Union Member State with a significantly high density of cultural heritage. Casa Ippolito, which is now in ruins, is a typical representative of seventeenth-century aristocratic country residences on this Central Mediterranean island. This paper scrutinises these ruins as a primary source in the reconstruction of the architecture of the building. It considers the building elements and materials as the essential tissue of architecture. Such ruins are not just geocultural remains of historical built fabric. They are open wounds in the built structure; they underpin the anatomy of the building and support insights into its dynamics when it was in operation. Ruins are an essay in the geoheritage of material culture and building physics. By reconstructing the mechanics of the building one can strive to comprehend how it functioned in terms of serviceability and well-being, how it provided both shelter and sensory nutrition. Architectural ruins of masonry structures are geoheritage rendered in stone. These ruins facilitate not only the reconstruction of spaces but also places for its users; they are a statement on the well-being of humanity throughout history.
Discharge Against Medical Advice and Risk of Readmission After Sepsis Hospitalization
Authors: Lin Zhen , Zhai Yinghong , Han Hedong , Cao Yang , Wu Cheng , Wei Xin , He Jia
Published: September 2020

Background: To describe characteristics of sepsis patients who discharged against medical advice (AMA), identify factors associated with AMA discharges in the patients, and evaluate the association of AMA discharge with 30-day unplanned readmission and outcomes of readmission.Methods: Using the National Readmission Database of the United States, we identified inpatients with sepsis who discharged AMA or discharged home between 2010 and 2017. The baseline characteristics were compared between the two groups. Multivariable models were used to identify factors related to AMA discharge, evaluate the association between AMA discharge and 30-day unplanned readmission, and elucidate the relationship between the AMA discharges and in-hospital outcomes.Results: AMA discharges accounted for 2.29% of all the hospitalized sepsis patients. The prevalence of AMA discharge in sepsis patients increased from 1.99% in 2010 to 2.55% in 2014 (p for trend < 0.001).The unplanned 30-day readmission rates of sepsis patients who discharged AMA and who discharged home are 25.51% and 12.26%, respectively. AMA discharge is statistically significantly associated with 30-day [odds ratio (OR), 2.24; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.15–2.33], 60-day (OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.99–2.15), and 90-day (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.90–2.05) readmission. AMA discharge is also associated with longer length of stay in 30 days (0.44 day, 95% CI, 0.12 days-0.76 days, p=0.007), whereas there was no statistically significant difference in hospitalization costs and in-hospital mortality for patients discharged AMA versus those discharged home.Conclusions: Due to the high risk of readmission, vulnerable patients should be early identified. Medical institutions should conduct post-discharge interventions for patients with AMA discharge, such as follow-up visits and psychological counseling, to reduce readmission.
Similarity Comparison of Multiple Coronavirus Sequences from 2D to 1D Linearizing Transformation
Authors: Deng Feng , Zheng Jeffrey
Published: September 2020

Many studies on COVID-19 have been carried out, and it is interesting to apply methods and models to process the whole sequence of RNA. Similarity comparison of SARS-CoV-2 genomes plays a key role in naturally tracing its origin in scientific exploration, and further explorations are required. In this paper, an innovative of transformation from a 2D density matrix to 1D measuring vector is proposed based on the A5 module of the MAS for visualization. The core transformation projects whole RNA sequences of multiple coronaviruses in 2D matrices and then forms 1D measuring vectors on variant maps. The relationships of SARSCoV-2 genomes are compared by their similarity properties and genomic index of entropy quantities applied to classify relevant results into groups.
Ivermectin as a promising RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor and a therapeutic drug against SARS-CoV2: Evidence from in silico studies
Authors: Swargiary Ananta
Published: September 2020

Purpose: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV2 virus is a contagious disease affecting millions of lives throughout the globe. Currently, there are no clinically approved drugs for SARS-CoV2 although some drugs are undergoing clinical trials. The present study investigates the binding property of ivermectin on four important drug targets, spike protein, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, 3-chymotrypsin- and papain-like proteases of SARS-CoV2. Methods: The 3D structure of ivermectin along with known antiviral drug lopinavir, simeprevir and four nucleotides ATP, GTP, CTP, and UTP were downloaded from PubChem database. Crystal structures of proteins were downloaded from PDB database. PDB files were converted into pdbqt file using AutoDock tools. After proper processing and grid formation, docking was carried out in AutoDock vina. Furthermore, the co-crystallized RNA and its binding interactions with RdRp were studied using various visualization tools including Discovery studio.Results: Docking study showed that ivermectin is the best binding drug compared to lopinavir and simeprevir. The best binding interaction was found to be -9.7kcal/mol with RdRp suggesting potential inhibitor of the protein. Twenty-one amino acid residues of RdRp were found to interact with ivermectin including the catalytic residue Asp760. Furthermore, RNA-RdRp complex revealed that the catalytic active residues Ser759 and Asp760 of RdRp formed strong interactions with RNA chain. Binding of ivermectin in the active site of RdRp make clash with the nucleotides of RNA chain suggesting the possible inhibition of replication.Conclusions: The present study suggests ivermectin as a potential inhibitor of RdRp which may be crucial to combat the SARS-CoV2.
Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections and Associated Factors Among Under-five Children Visiting Wolaita Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Demissie Birhanu Wondimeneh , Amele Esayas Aydiko , Yitayew Yibeltal Asmamaw , Yalew Zemen Mengesha
Published: September 2020

Background: Lower respiratory tract infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in children younger than five years. Even if the burden of lower respiratory tract infections in children under-five years had decreased dramatically in the last ten years, it is still the main cause of morbidity and mortality in under five years old children in developing countries. So, this study was aimed to assess lower respiratory tract infections and associated factors among under-five children visiting Wolaita Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1-30, 2019, among under-five children attended the Pediatrics outpatient department of Wolaita Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital. The data was collected using a semi-structured pre-tested interviewer guided questionnaire. Epi -info (version 7.1.2.0) was used for data entry, and Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 was used for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression, crude and adjusted odds ratio with their 95% confidence interval were computed. Finally, p-value <0.05 was used to identify variables that had a significant association with acute lower respiratory tract infection.Result: The prevalence of acute lower respiratory tract infections among under-five children was 40.3% (95%CI: 35.7%- 44.9%). Unvaccinated children (AOR: 2, 95% CI, (1.27-3.16)), non-exclusive/replacement feeding (AOR: 1.85, 95% CI, (1.18-2.91)), households mainly used unclean fuel for cooking (AOR: 2.12, 95% CI, (1.07-4.19)), absence of separate kitchen (AOR: 1.7, 95% CI, (1.09-2.65)), and absence of window in the kitchen room (AOR: 1.69, 95% CI, (1.07-2.68)) showed significant association with acute lower respiratory tract infection.Conclusion: The prevalence of acute lower respiratory tract infections was 40.3%. Unvaccinated children, non-exclusive/replacement feeding, households mainly used unclean fuel for cooking, absence of a separate kitchen, and absence of window in the kitchen room showed significant association with acute lower respiratory tract infection. Therefore, special attention should be given for the environmental sanitation and family health component of the health extension packages.
Anterior Spinal Cord Syndrome is a Complication Following Embolisation of Bleeding Intercostal Artery in Penetrating Trauma: A Case Report
Authors: Vo Tovi , Harris Daniel , Foo Ngee , Eillis Daniel
Published: September 2020

Background:Transcatheter arterial embolisation of intercostal vessels is a minimally invasive procedure that is increasingly being used in the management of haemothorax in the trauma patient, however significant complications – such as spinal ischaemia can occur. We present a rare case of paralysis in a patient following embolisation of the intercostal arteries due to bleeding from penetrating trauma.Case presentation:A 46-year-old male presented to the Emergency department with two stab wounds to the right posterior chest. Computed tomography scan of the chest revealed active contrast extravasation from the right 9th intercostal artery. Selective embolisation of the right 9th intercostal artery using Gelfoam® and coils as well as further embolisation of the 7th, 8th and 10th intercostal arteries was performed. Unfortunately due to ongoing bleeding and hypotension, the patient subsequently required emergency surgery that revealed two penetrating injuries to the right inferior lobe of the lung. After the patient was extubated, he was found to have bilateral motor from the level of L4 and below and sensory deficits from L2 and below. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine showed spinal cord infarction at the level of T11 and T12 that was thought to be secondary to the embolisation of the intercostal arteries inadvertently affecting the artery of Adamkiewicz.Conclusions:Transcatheter arterial embolisation has an established roll in haemostasis of the trauma patient – particularly in intercostal arteries for the management of haemothorax. Although extremely rare, spinal complications from this procedure can be significantly life changing for the patient. The variable anatomy of the artery of Adamkiewicz should be carefully considered on a case-by-base basis in the stable trauma patient and balance of risk versus benefit be determined if the artery is unable to be identified on pre-procedure angiography.
Efficacy of Acupuncture in Subpopulations with Constipation: A protocol for a Systematic Review and Individual Patient data Meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Chao , Liu Baoyan , He Liyun , Lv Xiaoying , Guo Shengnan , Ai Yanke
Published: September 2020

Background: Several systematic reviews have suggested that acupuncture is effective against constipation, but the factors predicting the effect of acupuncture in subpopulations with constipation are still unknown.Methods: We will search six major English and Chinese electronic databases and two clinical trial registries from inception for randomized controlled trials that evaluate acupuncture for constipation. Two authors will independently identify the relevant studies, extract the information from the papers, and assess the risk of bias using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. We will contact the primary researchers of the eligible trials for individual patient data (IPD). IPD from four trials are available from the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences CliniRsearch Data Management System. The primary outcomes are the change in weekly complete spontaneous bowel movements. IPD from the researchers will be standardized and harmonized. A one-stage approach will be used to synthesize the IPD. Our primary analysis will examine the efficacy of acupuncture in subpopulations with constipation using a general linear mixed model.Discussion: This review will provide an IPD meta-analysis of acupuncture in constipation and demonstrate how the benefits of acupuncture may vary among subgroups of patients with constipation.Systematic review registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (Number: CRD42020188366)
Corticosteroids treatment in severe patients with COVID-19: a propensity score matching study
Authors: Chen Qian , Song Yang , Wang Lu , Zhang Yipeng , Han Lu , Liu Jingru , Yang Mengyu , Ma Jingdong , Wang Tao
Published: September 2020

Objectives
Explore the efficacy of corticosteroid treatment in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and the association between corticosteroid use and patient mortality.
Methods
A retrospective investigation was made on the medical records of the patients with severe and critical patients with COVID-19 pneumonia from January to February 2020. First, the patients who received corticosteroid treatment were compared with patients without given corticosteroid treatment. Then a propensity score matching method was used to control confounding factors. Cox survival regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of corticosteroid therapy on the mortality of severe and critical patients with COVID-19.
Results
A total of 371 severe and critical patients were enrolled in our statistics. 209 patients were treated with corticosteroid therapy. Most of them were treated with methylprednisolone (197[94.3%]). The median corticosteroid therapy was applied 3(IQR 2–6) days after admission, 13(IQR 10–17) days after symptoms appeared. Temperature on admission(OR = 1.255,[95%CI 1.021–1.547],p = 0.032), ventilation(OR = 1.926,[95%CI 1.148–3.269],p = 0.014) and ICU admission(OR = 3.713, [95%CI 1.776–8.277],p < 0.001) were significantly associated with corticosteroids use. After PS matching, the cox regression survival analysis showed that corticosteroid use was significantly associated with a lower mortality rate (HR = 0.592, [95%CI 0.406–0.862], p = 0.006).
Conclusion
Corticosteroid therapy use in severe and critical patients with COVID-19 pneumonia leads to lower mortality but may cause other side effects. Corticosteroid therapy should be used carefully.
Regulatory Effects of Nitric Oxide on Reproduction and Melanin Biosynthesis in Onion Pathogenic Fungus Stemphylium Eturmiunum
Authors: Zhao Yanxia , Yuan Wenwen , Sun Mengni , Zhang Xiuguo , Zheng Weifa
Published: September 2020

The formation of propagules (conidia and ascospores) is the critical stage for the transmission of the pathogenic fungus Stemphylium eturmiunum. However, how the development of these propagules is regulated remains to be fully understood. Here, we show that nitric oxide (NO) is necessary for the formation of conidia and pseudothecia in S. eturmiunum. Application of NO scavenger carboxy-CPTIO (cPTIO) or soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitor NS2028 abolishes the formation of conidia and pseudothecia. In the culture of S. eturmiunum, supplement of NO-releasing compound sodium nitroprusside (SNP) results in an increased formation of conidia at 0.2 mmol/L, and pseudothecia at 2 mmol/L. SNP supplement also triggered increased biosynthesis of melanin, which can be inhibited partially upon the addition of either arbutin or tricyclazole, the specific inhibitors for 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) synthetic pathway, respectively. Intriguingly, enhanced melanin biosynthesis triggered an increased formation of propagules; while its inhibition impaired their formation. The SNP-induced increment in the formation of propagules can be also compromised upon supplement of cPTIO or NS-2028. RT-PCR analysis showed that SNP at 0.2 mmol/L promoted transcription of the genes encoding the conidiation co-regulators brlA, abA, and wetA, and inhibited at 2 mmol/L. In contrast, application of SNP at 2 mmol/L increased transcription of the genes encoding mat1, and mat2, the genes related to sexual reproduction, and the transcription of two DNH melanin synthetic genes pks1 and pks2, and the key gene tyr for DOPA melanin biosynthesis. However, the increased transcription of these genes is down-regulated or blocked upon supplement of cPTIO or NS-2028. Thus, NO regulates asexual and sexual development, as well as melanin synthesis in S. eturmiunum possibly through NO-sGC-GMP signaling pathway.
Design of a Test System for Compressibility and Resilience Performance Measurement of Floor Coverings
Authors: ALSAYED Maher , KAYNAK Hatice Kübra , ÇELİK Halil İbrahim
Published: September 2020

The quality of floor coverings is evaluated according to their resistance to texture deformation. The most important factors affecting the texture deformation of floor coverings are static loads causing the compression of floor coverings, thereby the appearance of floor coverings deteriorated unfavorably. The compressibility and resilience performance of floor covering determine the appearance retention level of pile yarns. There are two types of tests to determine the compressibility and resilience performance of floor coverings namely; thickness loss after prolonged heavy static loading and thickness loss after brief moderate static loading. In this study, it is aimed to design a test system for compressibility and resilience performance measurement of floor coverings. The test system will be capable of automatically applying necessary pressure for both brief moderate static loading and prolonged heavy static loading tests. By providing these two tests and the thickness measurement by a solo device, the test procedures will be achieved automatically.
Küresel İnovasyon Endeksi Verilerinin Kümeleme Analizi ile Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: GÜRTUNA Filiz , POLAT Ulviye
Published: September 2020

Hızla değişen teknoloji ve küreselleşme ile rekabetin giderek artması inovasyon çalışmalarının şirketler ve ülkeler açısından önemini arttırmaktadır. İşletmelerin ve/veya ülkelerin rekabet güçlerini belirleyebilmeleri, mevcut durum analizi yapabilmeleri ve yol haritası oluşturabilmeleri için inovasyonun ölçülebilmesi önem arz etmektedir. İnovasyona etki eden pek çok faktör olduğu gibi inovasyonun ölçülmesi ile ilgili de değişik çalışmalar mevcuttur. Yılda bir yayınlanan Küresel İnovasyon Endeksi (KİE), inovasyonu etkileyen birçok göstergeyi kullanarak ülkelerin inovasyon seyirlerini ölçmektedir. Bu çalışmada, 2018 KİE Raporunda yer alan inovasyon girdi ve çıktı alt endeksi ana göstergelerinin her birine ait 3 alt başlıktaki göstergeler dikkate alınmış ve toplam 21 değişken kullanılarak, 126 ülkeye ait veriler kümeleme analizi ile incelenmiştir. Kümeleme analizi yöntemlerinden Ward’s Tekniği ve K- Ortalamalar Yöntemi kullanılmıştır.
Heerfordt-Waldenström Syndrome, A Rare Presentation of Sarcoidosis in a Patient with Old Ocular Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Mobini Maryam , Amiri Ahmad Ahmadzade , Ghasemian Roya , Torabizadeh Zhila , Fakhar Mahdi
Published: September 2020

Background:

There are similarities between the ophthalmic presentation of toxoplasmosis
and sarcoidosis, and there are some concerns of immunosuppressive treatments for sarcoidosis,
which may lead to T. gondii reactivation. We report a rare case with acute sarcoidosis (Heerfordt-
Waldenström syndrome) with a history of ocular toxoplasmosis from the North of Iran.

Case presentation:

The patient was a 36-year-old woman with left painful eye and swollen parotid,
right facial paresis, maculopapular rash in left eyebrow and erythema nodosa on both legs.
Anti–Toxoplasma IgG antibody was positive, and IgM was not detectable. Radiographic findings
on the chest revealed bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. The initial treatment was sulfamethoxazole-
trimethoprim to prevent the recurrence of retinal toxoplasmosis and corticosteroid and mycophenolate
mofetil for sarcoidosis. The patient showed clinical and vision improvement without
recurrences during three months follow-up.

Discussion:

Ophthalmological examinations and laboratory test to rule out toxoplasmosis could be considered in known
cases of sarcoidosis particularly in ocular sarcoidosis status. To the best of our knowledge this is first report of co-morbidity
of ocular toxoplasmosis / sarcoidosis from Iran and possibly the world.
Multi-objective Optimization Model for Clustering Based Secure Routing with Congestion Avoidance in Mobile ADHOC Networks
Authors: Murugan Srinivasan , Mohan Jeyakarthic
Published: September 2020

Introduction:

In Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET), some of the major design issues are
clustering, routing, and security. Clustering and routing techniques distribute the load to many network
correlations so as to attain better utilization of resources, improved throughput and reduction in
response time and workload. Besides, trust-based schemes help in sending messages in a secured
manner and prevent the data from attackers by integrating authorized sender and receiver inside the
network.

Aim:

The aim of the research article is to propose a new Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO)
technique which intends to allocate the available networking resources properly, and balance the load
in network, security, and effective data transmission.

Method:

The projected model operates on three major processes such as clustering, secured routing
and data aggregation-based transmission scheme. MOO model involves different processes such as
Fuzzy Logic (FL)-based clustering process, Lion Whale optimization algorithm with Congestion
Avoidance (LW-CA) technique for routing process and integrated XOR and Huffman (IXH)-based
data transmission process. So, the proposed model is collectively called FCAXH technique which
achieves energy efficiency, proper load balancing and security.

Results:

Simulations were carried out using network simulator tool and the model was verified with
and without the presence of attackers. The proposed method attained the maximum results in terms
of throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and energy efficiency.

Conclusion:

The projected FCAXH model achieved energy efficiency, proper load balancing and
security over other compared approaches even under the presence of attackers in the network.
Increasing the probability of recognizing a target using a two-dimensional image from the sensor of the visible range of the onboard complex of information support for search and rescue operations in the Arctic
Authors: Zhdanov A. S. , Matveev S. A. , Petrov Yu. V. , Rudyka S. A. , Strakhov S. Yu. , Sukhov T. M.
Published: September 2020

The article addresses the task of improving target recognition in onboard information support system for search and rescue operations in the Arctic region. One of the tasks performed by the complex is recognition of objects in twodimensional camera images, which suffer from the loss of the image brightness, being formed by constant brightness principle, with its direct impact on the probability of target recognition. To preserve the brightness of the image, the authors propose to process the primary signals of the camera according to the principle of constant color brightness. The proposed processing can increase the probability of correct target recognition. The paper analyzes the principles of encoding the primary signals of the television camera. For the object recognition problem, the cascades were trained based on the cascade classifier using the principles of constant brightness and constant color brightness. The output of the trained cascades has confirmed that the processing of the primary signals of a television camera based on the principle of constant brightness improves target recognition and therefore will increase the object recognition performance of the complex under development.
Input/output virtualization of Elbrus microprocessors
Authors: Rybakov S. A. , Polyakov N. Yu.
Published: September 2020

The article describes and compares the methods of input-output (I/O) virtualization, adapted for the Elbrus architecture. The presented methods of software emulation and paravirtualization of devices do not require hardware support and provide complete isolation of real devices from virtual ones at the hypervisor level, which allows for better consolidation of physical I/O. Direct assignment of the device to the guest provides better performance over the other methods, but requires hardware modifications in the I/O Memory Management Unit (IOMMU). Hardware support for I/O virtualization was implemented in the new generation of Elbrus microprocessors. The research results can help the users of the Elbrus platform virtualization to setup a detailed configuration of the virtual machine I/O to optimize each guest system for specific tasks.
Matrix application for multi-radar processing of radar data arrays
Authors: Palguyev D. A. , Shentyabin A. N.
Published: September 2020

In the processing of dynamically changing data, for example, radar data (RD), a crucial part is made by the representation of various data sets containing information about routes and signs of air objects. In the practical implementation of the computational process, it previously seemed natural that RD processing in data arrays was carried out by the elementwise search method. However, the representation of data arrays in the form of matrices and the use of matrix math allow optimal calculations to be formed during tertiary processing. Forming matrices and working with them requires a significant computational resource, so the authors can assume that a certain gain in calculation time may be achieved if there is a large amount of data in the arrays, at least several thousand messages. The article shows the sequences of the most frequently repeated operations of tertiary network processing, such as searching for and replacing an array element. The simulation results show that the processing efficiency (relative reduction of processing time and saving of computing resources) with the use of matrices, in comparison with elementwise search and replacement, increases in proportion to the number of messages received by the information processing device. The most significant gain is observed when processing several thousand messages (array elements). Thus, the use of matrices and the mathematical apparatus of matrix math for processing arrays of dynamically changing data can reduce processing time and save computational resources. The proposed matrix method of organizing calculations can also find its place in the modeling of complex information systems.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Chest Computed Tomography Scans for Suspected Patients With COVID-19: Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve Analysis
Authors: Wu Lianpin , Jin Qike , Chen Jie , He Jiawei , Brett-Major David M , Dong Jianghu James
Published: September 2020

Background

Computed tomography (CT) scans are increasingly available in clinical care globally. They enable a rapid and detailed assessment of tissue and organ involvement in disease processes that are relevant to diagnosis and management, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective

The aim of this paper is to identify differences in the CT scan findings of patients who were COVID-19 positive (confirmed via nucleic acid testing) to patients who were confirmed COVID-19 negative.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was proposed to compare patient clinical characteristics and CT scan findings in suspected COVID-19 cases. A multivariable logistic model with LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) selection for variables was used to identify the good predictors from all available predictors. The area under the curve (AUC) with 95% CI was calculated for each of the selected predictors and the combined selected key predictors based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results

A total of 94 (56%) patients were confirmed positive for COVID-19 from the suspected 167 patients. We found that elderly people were more likely to be infected with COVID-19. Among the 94 confirmed positive patients, 2 (2%) patients were admitted to an intensive care unit. No patients died during the study period. We found that the presence, distribution, and location of CT lesions were associated with the presence of COVID-19. White blood cell count, cough, and a travel history to Wuhan were also the top predictors for COVID-19. The overall AUC of these selected predictors is 0.97 (95% CI 0.93-1.00).

Conclusions

Taken together with nucleic acid testing, we found that CT scans can allow for the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19. This study suggests that chest CT scans should be more broadly adopted along with nucleic acid testing in the initial assessment of suspected COVID-19 cases, especially for patients with nonspecific symptoms.
Dynamic Panel Estimate–Based Health Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Rates to Inform Public Health Policy: Model Development and Validation
Authors: Oehmke James Francis , Oehmke Theresa B , Singh Lauren Nadya , Post Lori Ann
Published: September 2020

Background

SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19, is a global pandemic with higher mortality and morbidity than any other virus in the last 100 years. Without public health surveillance, policy makers cannot know where and how the disease is accelerating, decelerating, and shifting. Unfortunately, existing models of COVID-19 contagion rely on parameters such as the basic reproduction number and use static statistical methods that do not capture all the relevant dynamics needed for surveillance. Existing surveillance methods use data that are subject to significant measurement error and other contaminants.

Objective

The aim of this study is to provide a proof of concept of the creation of surveillance metrics that correct for measurement error and data contamination to determine when it is safe to ease pandemic restrictions. We applied state-of-the-art statistical modeling to existing internet data to derive the best available estimates of the state-level dynamics of COVID-19 infection in the United States.

Methods

Dynamic panel data (DPD) models were estimated with the Arellano-Bond estimator using the generalized method of moments. This statistical technique enables control of various deficiencies in a data set. The validity of the model and statistical technique was tested.

Results

A Wald chi-square test of the explanatory power of the statistical approach indicated that it is valid (χ210=1489.84, P<.001), and a Sargan chi-square test indicated that the model identification is valid (χ2946=935.52, P=.59). The 7-day persistence rate for the week of June 27 to July 3 was 0.5188 (P<.001), meaning that every 10,000 new cases in the prior week were associated with 5188 cases 7 days later. For the week of July 4 to 10, the 7-day persistence rate increased by 0.2691 (P=.003), indicating that every 10,000 new cases in the prior week were associated with 7879 new cases 7 days later. Applied to the reported number of cases, these results indicate an increase of almost 100 additional new cases per day per state for the week of July 4-10. This signifies an increase in the reproduction parameter in the contagion models and corroborates the hypothesis that economic reopening without applying best public health practices is associated with a resurgence of the pandemic.

Conclusions

DPD models successfully correct for measurement error and data contamination and are useful to derive surveillance metrics. The opening of America involves two certainties: the country will be COVID-19–free only when there is an effective vaccine, and the “social” end of the pandemic will occur before the “medical” end. Therefore, improved surveillance metrics are needed to inform leaders of how to open sections of the United States more safely. DPD models can inform this reopening in combination with the extraction of COVID-19 data from existing websites.