bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Femoral nailing associated with bone marrow emboli in pigs induced a specific increase in blood IL-6 and broad inflammatory responses in the heart and lungs
Authors: Kristiansen Steinar , Storm Benjamin Stage , Emblem Åse Eeg , Grønli Renathe Henriksen , Pettersen Kristin , Hilmo Jonas , Jarmund Anders Hagen , Leth-Olsen Martin , Nyrnes Siri Ann , Nilsen Bent Aksel , Nielsen Erik Waage , Mollnes Tom Eirik
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Bone marrow embolization may complicate orthopedic surgery, potentially causing fat embolism syndrome. The inflammatory potential of bone marrow emboli is unclear. We aimed to investigate the inflammatory response to femoral intramedullary nailing, specifically the systemic inflammatory effects in plasma, and local tissue responses. Additionally, the plasma response was compared to that following intravenous injection of autologous bone marrow.

Methods

Twelve pigs underwent femoral nailing (previously shown to have fat emboli in lung and heart), four received intravenous bone marrow, and four served as sham controls. Blood samples were collected hourly and tissue samples postmortem. Additionally, we incubated bone marrow and blood, separately and in combination, from six pigs in vitro. Complement activation was detected by C3a and the terminal C5b-9 complement complex (TCC), and the cytokines TNF, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 as well as the thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TAT) were all measured using enzyme-immunoassays.

Results

After nailing, plasma IL-6 rose 21-fold, compared to a 4-fold rise in sham (p=0.0004). No plasma differences in the rest of the inflammatory markers were noted across groups. However, nailing yielded 2-3-times higher C3a, TCC, TNF, IL-1β and IL-10 in lung tissue compared to sham (p<0.0001-0.03). Similarly, heart tissue exhibited 2-times higher TCC and IL-1β compared to sham (p<0.0001-0.03). Intravenous bone marrow yielded 8-times higher TAT than sham at 30 minutes (p<0.0001). In vitro, incubation of bone marrow for four hours resulted in 95-times higher IL-6 compared to whole blood (p=0.03).

Discussion

A selective increase in plasma IL-6 was observed following femoral nailing, whereas lung and heart tissues revealed a broad local inflammatory response not reflected systemically. In vitro experiments may imply bone marrow to be the primary IL-6 source.
Interleukin-17 directly stimulates tumor infiltrating Tregs to prevent cancer development
Authors: Theune William C. , Chen Ju , Theune Eileen Victoria , Ye Xiaoyang , Ménoret Antoine , Vella Anthony T. , Wang Kepeng
Published: July 2024

Background

Interleukin-17 (IL-17) family cytokines promote protective inflammation for pathogen resistance, but also facilitate autoimmunity and tumor development. A direct signal of IL-17 to regulatory T cells (Tregs) has not been reported and may help explain these dichotomous responses.

Methods

We generated a conditional knockout of Il17ra in Tregs by crossing Foxp3-YFP-Cre mice to Il17ra-flox mice (Il17raΔTreg mice). Subsequently, we adoptively transferred bone marrow cells from Il17raΔTreg mice to a mouse model of sporadic colorectal cancer (Cdx2-Cre+/ApcF/+), to selectively ablate IL-17 direct signaling on Tregs in colorectal cancer. Single cell RNA sequencing and bulk RNA sequencing were performed on purified Tregs from mouse colorectal tumors, and compared to those of human tumor infiltrating Treg cells.

Results

IL-17 Receptor A (IL-17RA) is expressed in Tregs that reside in mouse mesenteric lymph nodes and colon tumors. Ablation of IL-17RA, specifically in Tregs, resulted in increased Th17 cells, and exacerbated tumor development. Mechanistically, tumor-infiltrating Tregs exhibit a unique gene signature that is linked to their activation, maturation, and suppression function, and this signature is in part supported by the direct signaling of IL-17 to Tregs. To study pathways of Treg programming, we found that loss of IL-17RA in tumor Tregs resulted in reduced RNA splicing, and downregulation of several RNA binding proteins that are known to regulate alternative splicing and promote Treg function.

Conclusion

IL-17 directly signals to Tregs and promotes their maturation and function. This signaling pathway constitutes a negative feedback loop that controls cancer-promoting inflammation in CRC.
Mismatch repair-proficient tumor footprints in the sands of immune desert: mechanistic constraints and precision platforms
Authors: Majumder Biswanath , Nataraj Nishanth Belugali , Maitreyi Leela , Datta Santanu
Published: July 2024

Mismatch repair proficient (MMRp) tumors of colorectal origin are one of the prevalent yet unpredictable clinical challenges. Despite earnest efforts, optimal treatment modalities have yet to emerge for this class. The poor prognosis and limited actionability of MMRp are ascribed to a low neoantigen burden and a desert-like microenvironment. This review focuses on the critical roadblocks orchestrated by an immune evasive mechanistic milieu in the context of MMRp. The low density of effector immune cells, their weak spatiotemporal underpinnings, and the high-handedness of the IL-17-TGF-β signaling are intertwined and present formidable challenges for the existing therapies. Microbiome niche decorated by Fusobacterium nucleatum alters the metabolic program to maintain an immunosuppressive state. We also highlight the evolving strategies to repolarize and reinvigorate this microenvironment. Reconstruction of anti-tumor chemokine signaling, rational drug combinations eliciting T cell activation, and reprograming the maladapted microbiome are exciting developments in this direction. Alternative vulnerability of other DNA damage repair pathways is gaining momentum. Integration of liquid biopsy and ex vivo functional platforms provide precision oncology insights. We illustrated the perspectives and changing landscape of MMRp-CRC. The emerging opportunities discussed in this review can turn the tide in favor of fighting the treatment dilemma for this elusive cancer.
Spatial and phenotypic heterogeneity of resident and monocyte-derived macrophages during inflammatory exacerbations leading to pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Moos Philip J. , Cheminant Jenna R. , Cowman Sophie , Noll Jessica , Wang Qiuming , Musci Teresa , Venosa Alessandro
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Genetic mutations in critical nodes of pulmonary epithelial function are linked to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and other interstitial lung diseases. The slow progression of these pathologies is often intermitted and accelerated by acute exacerbations, complex non-resolving cycles of inflammation and parenchymal damage, resulting in lung function decline and death. Excess monocyte mobilization during the initial phase of an acute exacerbation, and their long-term persistence in the lung, is linked to poor disease outcome.

Methods

The present work leverages a clinical idiopathic PF dataset and a murine model of acute inflammatory exacerbations triggered by mutation in the alveolar type-2 cell-restricted Surfactant Protein-C [SP-C] gene to spatially and phenotypically define monocyte/macrophage changes in the fibrosing lung.

Results

SP-C mutation triggered heterogeneous CD68+ macrophage activation, with highly active peri-injured cells relative to those sampled from fully remodeled and healthy regions. Ingenuity pathway analysis of sorted CD11b-SigF+CD11c+ alveolar macrophages defined asynchronous activation of extracellular matrix re-organization, cellular mobilization, and Apolipoprotein E (Apoe) signaling in the fibrosing lung. Cell-cell communication analysis of single cell sequencing datasets predicted pro-fibrogenic signaling (fibronectin/Fn1, osteopontin/Spp1, and Tgfb1) emanating from Trem2/TREM2+ interstitial macrophages. These cells also produced a distinct lipid signature from alveolar macrophages and monocytes, characterized by Apoe expression. Mono- and di-allelic genetic deletion of ApoE in SP-C mutant mice had limited impact on inflammation and mortality up to 42 day after injury.

Discussion

Together, these results provide a detailed spatio-temporal picture of resident, interstitial, and monocyte-derived macrophages during SP-C induced inflammatory exacerbations and end-stage clinical PF, and propose ApoE as a biomarker to identify activated macrophages involved in tissue remodeling.
Elucidating T cell dynamics and molecular mechanisms in syngeneic and allogeneic islet transplantation through single-cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Zhou Hairong , Pu Zuhui , Lu Ying , Zheng Peilin , Yu Huizhen , Mou Lisha
Published: July 2024

Islet transplantation is a promising therapy for diabetes treatment. However, the molecular underpinnings governing the immune response, particularly T-cell dynamics in syngeneic and allogeneic transplant settings, remain poorly understood. Understanding these T cell dynamics is crucial for enhancing graft acceptance and managing diabetes treatment more effectively. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms, gene expression differences, biological pathway alterations, and intercellular communication patterns among T-cell subpopulations after syngeneic and allogeneic islet transplantation. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we analyzed cellular heterogeneity and gene expression profiles using the Seurat package for quality control and dimensionality reduction through t-SNE. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed among different T cell subtypes. GSEA was conducted utilizing the HALLMARK gene sets from MSigDB, while CellChat was used to infer and visualize cell-cell communication networks. Our findings revealed genetic variations within T-cell subpopulations between syngeneic and allogeneic islet transplants. We identified significant DEGs across these conditions, highlighting molecular discrepancies that may underpin rejection or other immune responses. GSEA indicated activation of the interferon-alpha response in memory T cells and suppression in CD4+ helper and γδ T cells, whereas TNFα signaling via NFκB was particularly active in regulatory T cells, γδ T cells, proliferating T cells, and activated CD8+ T cells. CellChat analysis revealed complex communication patterns within T-cell subsets, notably between proliferating T cells and activated CD8+ T cells. In conclusion, our study provides a comprehensive molecular landscape of T-cell diversity in islet transplantation. The insights into specific gene upregulation in xenotransplants suggest potential targets for improving graft tolerance. The differential pathway activation across T-cell subsets underscores their distinct roles in immune responses posttransplantation.
Optimization of tempering temperature and soaking time of SCM440 steel horn in ultrasonic-assisted metal inert gas welding
Authors: Tran-The Chung Vinh , Thi-Minh Tran Quynh , Nguyen Ngoc-Ha , Ha-Quang Ngo Thinh , Le Trung-Kien , Nguyen Thanh-Hai
Published: July 2024

This study explores the optimization of ultrasonic horn heat treatment conditions for enhanced mechanical quality (Qm). The optimal parameters identified are a tempering temperature of 529°C and a 240-min soaking time, yielding a 1.3% experimental error. Frequency stability during welding is significantly improved, with the optimal horn exhibiting a minimal frequency variation of 64 Hz compared to 90 Hz and 82 Hz for other samples. Hardness varies with tempering temperature, reaching a peak of over 39.3 HRC at 450°C and dropping to 23.8 HRC at 650°C. Microstructural analysis reveals transformations in pearlite, spheroidization, and increased grain sizes in the optimal sample. Carbide precipitation is more pronounced in longitudinal sections and increases with higher tempering temperatures and soaking times. The presence of chromium alloying elements in SCM440 steel contributes to carbide formation. These findings underscore the critical role of heat treatment conditions in optimizing the performance of ultrasonic horns.
An AI based, open access screening tool for early diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma
Authors: Nambiar Nikil , Rajesh Vineeth , Nair Akshay , Nambiar Sunil , Nair Renjini , Uthamanthil Rajesh , Lotodo Teresa , Mittal Shachi , Kussick Steven
Published: July 2024

Burkitt Lymphoma (BL) is a highly treatable cancer. However, delayed diagnosis of BL contributes to high mortality in BL endemic regions of Africa. Lack of enough pathologists in the region is a major reason for delayed diagnosis. The work described in this paper is a proof-of-concept study to develop a targeted, open access AI tool for screening of histopathology slides in suspected BL cases. Slides were obtained from a total of 90 BL patients. 70 Tonsillectomy samples were used as controls. We fine-tuned 6 pre-trained models and evaluated the performance of all 6 models across different configurations. An ensemble-based consensus approach ensured a balanced and robust classification. The tool applies novel features to BL diagnosis including use of multiple image magnifications, thus enabling use of different magnifications of images based on the microscope/scanner available in remote clinics, composite scoring of multiple models and utilizing MIL with weak labeling and image augmentation, enabling use of relatively low sample size to achieve good performance on the inference set. The open access model allows free access to the AI tool from anywhere with an internet connection. The ultimate aim of this work is making pathology services accessible, efficient and timely in remote clinics in regions where BL is endemic. New generation of low-cost slide scanners/microscopes is expected to make slide images available immediately for the AI tool for screening and thus accelerate diagnosis by pathologists available locally or online.
Treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs: progress from mechanisms to clinical applications
Authors: Cheng Shizhou , Zhang Shu , Huang Mingyan , Liu Yuxuan , Zou Xunyu , Chen Xiaoming , Zhang Zuhai
Published: July 2024

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nARMD) is an important cause of visual impairment and blindness in the elderly, with choroidal neovascularization in the macula as the main pathological feature. The onset of nARMD is closely related to factors including age, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important factor contributing to nARMD as well as choroidal neovascularization and retinal leakage formation. At present, anti-VEGF therapy is the only treatment that improves vision and halts disease progression in most patients, making anti-VEGF drugs a landmark development for nARMD treatment. Although intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs has become the first-line treatment for nARMD, this treatment has many shortcomings including repeated injections, poor or no response in some patients, and complications such as retinal fibrosis. As a result, several new anti-VEGF drugs are being developed. This review provides a discussion of these new anti-VEGF drugs for the treatment of nARMD.
Composition of the microbial community in surface flow-constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment
Authors: Ali Haider , Min Yongen , Yu Xiaofei , Kooch Yahya , Marnn Phyoe , Ahmed Sarfraz
Published: July 2024

Traditionally constructed wetlands face significant limitations in treating tailwater from wastewater treatment plants, especially those associated with sugar mills. However, the advent of novel modified surface flow constructed wetlands offer a promising solution. This study aimed to assess the microbial community composition and compare the efficiencies of contaminant removal across different treatment wetlands: CW1 (Brick rubble, lignite, and Lemna minor L.), CW2 (Brick rubble and lignite), and CW3 (Lemna minor L.). The study also examined the impact of substrate and vegetation on the wetland systems. For a hydraulic retention time of 7 days, CW1 successfully removed more pollutants than CW2 and CW3. CW1 demonstrated removal rates of 72.19% for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 74.82% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 79.62% for NH4+-N, 77.84% for NO3−-N, 87.73% for ortho phosphorous (OP), 78% for total dissolved solids (TDS), 74.1% for total nitrogen (TN), 81.07% for total phosphorous (TP), and 72.90% for total suspended solids (TSS). Furthermore, high-throughput sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that CW1 exhibited elevated Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson indices, with values of 1324.46, 8.8172, and 0.9941, respectively. The most common bacterial species in the wetland system were Proteobacteria, Spirochaetota, Bacteroidota, Desulfobacterota, and Chloroflexi. The denitrifying bacterial class Rhodobacteriaceae also had the highest content ratio within the wetland system. These results confirm that CW1 significantly improves the performance of water filtration. Therefore, this research provides valuable insights for wastewater treatment facilities aiming to incorporate surface flow-constructed wetland tailwater enhancement initiatives.
Phylogenetic group, antibiotic resistance, virulence gene, and genetic diversity of Escherichia coli causing bloodstream infections in Iran
Authors: Hemati Saeed , Halimi Shahnaz , Jabalameli Fereshteh , Emaneini Mohammad , Beigverdi Reza
Published: July 2024

Escherichia coli is one of the most important pathogens causing bloodstream infections (BSIs) throughout the world. We sought to characterize the phylogroup classification, major human sequence types (STs), antimicrobial resistance, presence of selected antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, and genetic diversity of E. coli isolated from patients with BSIs at the University Hospital in Iran. A total of 100 E. coli bloodstream isolates were collected between December 2020 and June 2022. This study used PCR to investigate phylogenetic groups (A, B1, B2, C, D, E, and F), four major STs (ST69, ST73, ST95, and ST131), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), virulence-associated genes (VAGs), and pathogenicity islands (PAIs). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by disk diffusion method. Genetic diversity was analyzed by repetitive element sequence-based PCR (REP-PCR). The phylogenetic group B2 (32%) predominated, followed by phylogenetic group E (25%). ST131 (28%) was the most prevalent ST and the majority of these isolates (89.3%) were of serotype O25b. Most of E. coli isolates (75%) were categorized as multidrug resistant (MDR) with high rates of resistance (>55%) to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, cefazolin, and ceftriaxone. The most frequent ARGs were blaTEM (66%), sul1 (57%), and sul2 (51%). The most prevalent VAGs and PAIs were fimH (type 1 fimbriae adhesin; 85%), aer (iucC) (aerobactin; 79%), traT (serum resistance; 77%), iutA (aerobactin siderophore receptor; 69%), and PAI IV536 (75%), respectively. The highest rate of ARGs and VAGs was observed in the ST131 isolates. REP-PCR analysis showed high diversity among the studied isolates. The high prevalence of MDR septicemic E. coli with different types of ARGs, VAGs and genotypes is an extremely worrisome sign of BSIs treatment and poses a major threat for hospitalized patients. Active surveillance, stringent prescribing policies, increasing the awareness of ARGs among clinicians and re-defining the infection control measures are essential to curb the dissemination of these strains.
Molecular tools to capture active neural circuits
Authors: Onishi Taichi , Hirose Kenzo , Sakaba Takeshi
Published: July 2024

To understand how neurons and neural circuits function during behaviors, it is essential to record neuronal activity in the brain in vivo. Among the various technologies developed for recording neuronal activity, molecular tools that induce gene expression in an activity-dependent manner have attracted particular attention for their ability to clarify the causal relationships between neuronal activity and behavior. In this review, we summarize recently developed activity-dependent gene expression tools and their potential contributions to the study of neural circuits.
The clinical potential of radiomics to predict hematoma expansion in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a narrative review
Authors: Tenhoeve Samuel A. , Findlay Matthew C. , Cole Kyril L. , Gautam Diwas , Nelson Jayson R. , Brown Julian , Orton Cody J. , Bounajem Michael T. , Brandel Michael G. , Couldwell William T. , Rennert Robert C.
Published: July 2024

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, with subsequent hematoma expansion (HE) linked to worse neurologic outcomes. Accurate, real-time predictions of the risk of HE could enable tailoring management—including blood pressure control or surgery—based on individual patient risk. Although multiple radiographic markers of HE have been proposed based on standard imaging, their clinical utility remains limited by a reliance on subjective interpretation of often ambiguous findings and a poor overall predictive power. Radiomics refers to the quantitative analysis of medical images that can be combined with machine-learning algorithms to identify predictive features for a chosen clinical outcome with a granularity beyond human limitations. Emerging data have supported the potential utility of radiomics in the prediction of HE after sICH. In this review, we discuss the current clinical management of sICH, the impact of HE and standard imaging predictors, and finally, the current data and potential future role of radiomics in HE prediction and management of patients with sICH.
Frequency and severity of autonomic dysfunction assessed by objective hemodynamic responses and patient-reported symptoms in individuals with myasthenia gravis
Authors: Zawadka-Kunikowska Monika , Cieślicka Mirosława , Klawe Jacek J. , Tafil-Klawe Małgorzata , Kaźmierczak Wojciech , Rzepiński Łukasz
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Myasthenia gravis (MG), a rare autoimmune disorder, poses diagnostic and management challenges, with increasing incidence in Europe and significant impact on patient quality of life. Despite prevalent autonomic symptoms, comprehensive assessments integrating subjective and objective measures are lacking. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and severity of autonomic dysfunction in patients with MG and healthy controls (HCs).

Materials and methods

We used beat-to-beat hemodynamic responses during standardized autonomic function tests (AFTs) and the Composite Autonomic Symptom Score 31 (COMPASS-31) questionnaire. Study participants including, 53 patients with MG and 30 age- and sex matched HCs underwent standardized cardiovascular AFTs and completed the COMPASS-31 questionnaire. Patients were categorized into Non-CAN and CAN groups based on their Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy (CAN) status, as evaluated using the Composite Autonomic Scoring Scale (CASS). During the AFTs, cardiovascular parameters including heart rate, systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, mean BP, stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were measured.

Results

Twenty patients with MG (38%) exhibited mild CAN (CASS ≥2) with a median total CASS score of 1.00 and CASS 0.00 in HCs. Adrenergic impairment was observed in 27 patients (52%), with 13 patients (24.5%) exhibiting longer pressure recovery time after Valsalva maneuver (VM). Cardiovagal impairment was evident in 71% of patients, with abnormal results observed in 39.6% for the deep breathing test and 56.6% for the VM. CAN MG showed worse scores than HCs for the total COMPASS-31 (p < 0.001), orthostatic (OI) (p < 0.001), secretomotor (p = 0.004), and pupillomotor domains (p = 0.004). Total COMPASS-31 and OI scores were correlated with worse disease outcomes (disease duration, severity), hemodynamic parameter changes (SV, CO, TPR) during phase II late of VM, and with changes (Δtilt-supine) in Δsystolic BP, Δdiastolic BP, Δmean BP, ΔTPR during head-up-tilt test, but not with CASS score.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate mild cardiovascular autonomic impairment in adrenergic and cardiovagal domains in patients with MG. Additionally, patient-reported autonomic symptoms correlated with hemodynamic changes during AFTs and worse disease outcomes and not with the grade of autonomic abnormalities. Incorporating beat-to-beat hemodynamics during AFTs may offer further insights for characterizing orthostatic intolerance symptoms in MG group.
Psychological determinants of the effectiveness of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation in overweight and obese women—a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jamka Małgorzata , Popek Joanna , Bukowska-Posadzy Anna , Mądry Edyta , Lisowska Aleksandra , Jończyk-Potoczna Katarzyna , Cielecka-Piontek Judyta , Bogdański Paweł , Walkowiak Jarosław
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Previous studies investigating the effectiveness of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation in body weight reduction provided unequivocal results. We hypothesized that psychological factors such as self-efficacy, locus of control or dispositional optimism can affect the success of the intervention. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the psychological factors that modulate the effectiveness of CLA supplementation in overweight or obese women and affect the ability to successfully complete the study.

Methods

In total, 74 subjects were recruited into this three-month randomized trial and divided into intervention and control groups receiving, respectively, capsules containing 3 g 80% CLA per day and capsules containing 3 g of sunflower oil. The following psychological tests were performed before the intervention: Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale, Acceptance of Illness Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), General Self Efficacy Scale (GSES), Health Behavior Inventory scale and Life Orientation Test (LOT-R).

Results

A total of 60 women completed the study and the subjects who dropped out obtained higher scores in the GSES (p = 0.0490) and the LOT-R (p = 0.0087) tests than subjects who completed the trial. Besides, multivariate linear regression demonstrated that the SWLS test (p = 0.0345) results were independent predictors of body weight changes.

Conclusion

In conclusion, psychological factors like self-efficacy and optimism may be associated with a higher risk of withdrawal from the study, while satisfaction with life may have an impact on the effectiveness of body weight reduction.

Clinical trial registration: [https://drks.de/search/en], identifier [DRKS00010462].
Associations between serum albumin level trajectories and clinical outcomes in sepsis patients in ICU: insights from longitudinal group trajectory modeling
Authors: Tie Xin , Zhao Yanjie , Sun Ting , Zhou Ran , Li Jianbo , Su Jing , Yin Wanhong
Published: July 2024

Background

Sepsis triggers a strong inflammatory response, often leading to organ failure and high mortality. The role of serum albumin levels in sepsis is critical but not fully understood, particularly regarding the significance of albumin level changes over time. This study utilized Group-based Trajectory Modeling (GBTM) to investigate the patterns of serum albumin changes and their impact on sepsis outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis on ICU patients from West China Hospital (2015–2022), employing GBTM to study serum albumin fluctuations within the first week of ICU admission. The study factored in demographics, clinical parameters, and comorbidities, handling missing data through multiple imputation. Outcomes assessed included 28-day mortality, overall hospital mortality, and secondary complications such as AKI and the need for mechanical ventilation.

Results

Data from 1,950 patients revealed four serum albumin trajectories, showing distinct patterns of consistently low, increasing, moderate, and consistently high levels. These groups differed significantly in mortality, with the consistently low level group experiencing the highest mortality. No significant difference in 28-day mortality was observed among the other groups. Subgroup analysis did not alter these findings.

Conclusion

The study identified four albumin trajectory groups in sepsis patients, highlighting that those with persistently low levels had the worst outcomes, while those with increasing levels had the best. Stable high levels above 30 g/L did not change outcomes significantly. These findings can inform clinical decisions, helping to identify high-risk patients early and tailor treatment approaches.
The application of mixed reality technique in oromaxillo-facial reconstruction with the perforator flap for malignant tumor patients
Authors: Liu Yixiu , Wu Jian , Liu Daide , Xiang Dalan , Wu Xiaoyue , Wang Ting
Published: July 2024

Objectives

The integration of quantitative imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with mixed reality (MR) technology holds promise for enhancing the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring of cancer. This study compares the characteristics and effects of MR and color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) in the localization of perforator blood vessels in the lower extremities.

Methods

Two techniques were used to locate the perforator vessels in 40 cases of maxillofacial defect repair using perforator flaps from the lower extremities. The number of perforator vessels located in the flap area and the actual number of perforator vessels explored during the surgery were recorded. The recognition rate was calculated and the operation time and blood loss were recorded for each case.

Results

The recognition rates of MR technology and CDU in perforating vessels of the lower limbs were 93.9% and 97.2%, respectively (p > 0.05). The operation time was 52-74 minutes, 65-88 minutes (p > 0.05). The average bleeding volumes were 24 and 56 ml (p < 0.05), respectively. All perforator flaps were alive. One flap had a crisis and recovered after emergency exploratory treatment. Thirty donor sites of the lower extremities were directly sutured, and wounds were closed by abdominal skin grafting in 10 cases.

Conclusion

MR technology for successfully identifying perforator vessels can shorten the operation time, reduce the amount of bleeding in the donor site, and reduce trauma to the donor site.
Current chemotherapy strategies for adults with IDH-wildtype glioblastoma
Authors: Bao Jing , Sun Rui , Pan Zhenjiang , Wei Shepeng
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Glioblastoma, despite advancements in molecular evolution, remains incurable and has low survival rates. Currently, two of the most commonly used chemotherapy regimens are temozolomide and CCNU. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current status of chemotherapy strategies for GBM.

Methods

We reviewed the published literature describing the chemotherapy regimen differences in system treatment of GBM reported in the last ten years and summarised the available information that may reveal the latest changes in chemotherapy.

Results

In patients with adequate functioning, temozolomide and radiation are the primary treatments for newly diagnosed GBM. We recommend postoperative radiation therapy with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide for patients with MGMT-methylated GBM who are less than 70 years old. Combining temozolomide and lomustine with radiation therapy may be an option for younger, fit patients, but efficacy data is inconclusive. For patients with unknown MGMT methylation status, radiation therapy combined with temozolomide remains the standard of care. We recommend hypofractionated radiation and concurrent temozolomide treatment for elderly patients over 70 years old who have satisfactory performance and no significant underlying health conditions. We should tailor treatment choices to each patient’s personal preferences, previous treatments, function, quality of life, and overall care objectives.

Conclusion

Radiation therapy, along with temozolomide, is still the standard of care for most people with MGMT-unmethylated GBMs because there aren’t any better options, and it’s generally safe and well-tolerated. These patients have a lower overall survival rate and less benefit from temozolomide, but there are no better alternatives. Clinical trial participation is encouraged.
Clinical differences between Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia: a case control study
Authors: Ruan Jinping , Fu Zhou , Ying Linyan
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) and Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia (SPP) are frequent causes of respiratory tract infection, the aims of the study were to explore the differences in clinical features between children with MPP and those with SPP.

Methods

This retrospective study included admitted children who were diagnosed with MPP or SPP over 5 years from January 2015 to January 2020. Children with MPP were compared to children with SPP in terms of clinical features.

Results

506 patients with MPP were compared to 311 patients with SPP in terms of clinical differences. The MPP group with a median age of 60 [29–89] months and the SPP group with a median age of 24 [10–40] months. Patients with MPP were older and had a higher occurrence of receiving antibiotics before admission, fever, dry cough, polypnea and diarrhea than patients with SPP (all p < 0.01). Patients with SPP were more likely to have wheezing, cyanosis and irritability (all p < 0.01). Laboratory findings in our study showed that there were significant differences between MPP and SPP patients in mean leucocyte count, neutrophil % (N%), lymphocyte % (L%), ALT levels, AST levels, LDH levels and incidence of accelerated procalcitonin (PCT) (all p < 0.01). Lower age, no dry cough, no polypnea, lower LDH levels, and higher PCT might lead to the diagnosis of SPP. Our study showed that age had a higher accuracy in predicting MPP than LDH levels, with an age >48.5 months shown to be an independent predictive factor for the early evaluation and identification of MPP.

Discussion

In conclusion, patients with MPP and SPP usually present with fever, cough and some nonspecific symptoms. Our study showed that age, dry cough, polypnea, LDH levels, and PCT levels were independent predictive factors associated with MPP and SPP.
Case Report: A case of Dubin-Johnson syndrome in a newborn
Authors: Long Junshan , Qiu Baowei , Su Xiaoxia , Zhang Jing , Dong Qi
Published: July 2024

Background

Dubin-Johnson Syndrome (DJS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder, with most cases presenting in adolescence, but rare in newborns.

Objective

To investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of DJS in a newborn.

Methods

We present the clinical features of a newborn diagnosed with DJS through molecular genetic testing.

Results

The patient was a male newborn who developed jaundice and scleral icterus on the 6th day of life. Both direct and indirect bilirubin levels were elevated. After treatment with phototherapy, indirect bilirubin levels decreased, but direct bilirubin remained unchanged, and the stool color gradually lightened. At 56 days of age, the patient underwent laparoscopic cholecystostomy, which revealed viscous bile plugs in the bile ducts. Following the surgery, the patient received oral ursodeoxycholic acid, compound glycyrrhizin, and methylprednisolone. Follow-up until one year post-surgery showed a gradual reduction in direct bilirubin levels to the normal range. Molecular genetic testing revealed three heterozygous mutations in the ABCC2 gene on chromosome 10, with one pathogenic variant inherited from the father and two from the mother, confirming the diagnosis of DJS.

Conclusion

DJS is a benign condition with a favorable prognosis. In newborns, it should be differentiated from other causes of cholestasis, and compared to cholestasis, jaundice in newborns with DJS responds more slowly to treatment.
V-doped MoS2 nanozymes providing reactive oxygen species and depleting glutathione for photothermally-enhanced nanocatalytic therapy
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Xia Pengle , Kurboniyon Mekhrdod S. , Fang Shuhong , Huang Kunying , Ning Shufang , Jin Guanqiao , Zhang Litu , Wang Chen
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The tumor microenvironment and multidrug resistance of tumor cells seriously impair the activity of the nanozymes.

Methods: Herein, a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified vanadium-doped molybdenum disulfide (V-MoS2@PEG) nanozymes were constructed to enhance anti-tumor activity through multi-enzymatic catalysis and photothermal effect with simultaneous reactive oxygen species replenishment and glutathione depletion.

Results and discussion: V-MoS2@PEG nanosheets exerted peroxidase activity by causing molybdenum ion (Mo4+) to react with hydrogen peroxide to form toxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH). Meanwhile, the V-doping can deplete glutathione avoiding ·OH consumption. In addition, the high heat generated by V-MoS2@PEG nanozymes under near-infrared laser irradiation brought about a desirable local temperature gradient, which produced an enhanced catalytic effect by promoting band bending. Furthermore, the photothermally inspired polarized charge increased the permeability of the tumor cell membrane and promoted further aggregation of the nanozymes, which realized the combination of photothermal therapy with multi-enzymatic catalysis, solved the problem of multi-enzyme catalysis, and improved the anti-tumor efficiency.
You can’t always get as much iron as you want: how rice plants deal with excess of an essential nutrient
Authors: Wairich Andriele , Aung May Sann , Ricachenevsky Felipe Klein , Masuda Hiroshi
Published: July 2024

Iron (Fe) is an essential nutrient for almost all organisms. However, free Fe within cells can lead to damage to macromolecules and oxidative stress, making Fe concentrations tightly controlled. In plants, Fe deficiency is a common problem, especially in well-aerated, calcareous soils. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is commonly cultivated in waterlogged soils, which are hypoxic and can cause Fe reduction from Fe3+ to Fe2+, especially in low pH acidic soils, leading to high Fe availability and accumulation. Therefore, Fe excess decreases rice growth and productivity. Despite the widespread occurrence of Fe excess toxicity, we still know little about the genetic basis of how rice plants respond to Fe overload and what genes are involved in variation when comparing genotypes with different tolerance levels. Here, we review the current knowledge about physiological and molecular data on Fe excess in rice, providing a comprehensive summary of the field.
Evaluating EEG neurofeedback in sport psychology: a systematic review of RCT studies for insights into mechanisms and performance improvement
Authors: Cheng Ming-Yang , Yu Chien-Lin , An Xin , Wang Letong , Tsai Chi-Lun , Qi Fengxue , Wang Kuo-Pin
Published: July 2024

Electroencephalographic Neurofeedback Training (EEG NFT) aims to improve sport performance by teaching athletes to control their mental states, leading to better cognitive, emotional, and physical outcomes. The psychomotor efficiency hypothesis suggests that optimizing brain function could enhance athletic ability, indicating the potential of EEG NFT. However, evidence for EEG-NFT’s ability to alter critical brain activity patterns, such as sensorimotor rhythm and frontal midline theta—key for concentration and relaxation—is not fully established. Current research lacks standardized methods and comprehensive studies. This shortfall is due to inconsistent EEG target selection and insufficient focus on coherence in training. This review aims to provide empirical support for EEG target selection, conduct detailed control analyses, and examine the specificity of electrodes and frequencies to relation to the psychomotor efficiency hypothesis. Following the PRISMA method, 2,869 empirical studies were identified from PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, and PsycINFO. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria: (i) proficient skill levels; (ii) use of EEG; (iii) neurofeedback training (NFT); (iv) motor performance metrics (reaction time, precision, dexterity, balance); (v) control group for NFT comparison; (vi) peer-reviewed English-language publication; and (vii) randomized controlled trial (RCT) design. Studies indicate that NFT can enhance sports performance, including improvements in shooting accuracy, golf putting, and overall motor skills, as supported by the psychomotor efficiency hypothesis. EEG NFT demonstrates potential in enhancing sports performance by optimizing performers’ mental states and psychomotor efficiency. However, the current body of research is hampered by inconsistent methodologies and a lack of standardized EEG target selection. To strengthen the empirical evidence supporting EEG NFT, future studies need to focus on standardizing target selection, employing rigorous control analyses, and investigating underexplored EEG markers. These steps are vital to bolster the evidence for EEG NFT and enhance its effectiveness in boosting sport performance.
Association between parenting styles and dyslexia in primary school students: the mediating role of home literacy environment
Authors: Wen Wanyi , Zhang Xuanzhi , Wu Kusheng , Guan Liwen , Huang Anyan , Liang Zhiya , Yu Xinle , Gu Qianfei , Huang Yanhong
Published: July 2024

Background

Despite an increasing amount of research on the relationship between parenting styles and neurodevelopmental disorders, there has been minimal focus on how parenting styles impact children’s reading abilities. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential mediating role of the home literacy environment in the connection between parenting styles and dyslexia.

Methods

A total of 212 primary school students from grade 2–5 were recruited for this study. The Chinese Reading Ability Test was used to screen children with dyslexia. The home literacy environment was evaluated using a structured questionnaire that measured the frequency and quality of reading-related activities between parents and children. Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran questionnaire was used to assess the parenting style, including emotional warmth, rejection, overprotection, and anxious rearing. It is a self-report tool filled out by the children themselves, used to assess their perceptions of their parents’ parenting styles. The structural equation modeling was carried out to evaluate the direct, indirect, and total effects of parenting styles on dyslexia.

Results

Compared to control group, male children with dyslexia had lower scores in parenting styles characterized by emotional warmth, overprotecting and anxious rearing (p < 0.05), while female children with dyslexia only showed lower scores in anxious rearing (p < 0.05). Children with dyslexia lacked regular reading time (OR = 2.69, 95%CI: 1.04–6.97, p < 0.05), and have higher homework pressure compared to normal children (OR = 7.41, 95%CI: 1.45–37.82, p < 0.05). Additionally, emotional warmth, paternal overprotection and anxious rearing were negatively associated with dyslexia in children (all p < 0.05). Our findings indicate a strong correlation between dyslexia, home literacy environment, and parenting styles. In a structural equation model, the home literacy environment was identified as an independent mediator between parenting styles and dyslexia. The total effect of parenting styles on dyslexia is 0.55, with an indirect effect of 0.68 mediated by the home literacy environment.

Conclusion

The findings of this study indicate that home literacy environment serves as a mediator between parenting styles and dyslexia in children. This study highlights how parenting styles influence dyslexia, offering key insights for aiding dyslexic children and guiding effective interventions.
Benefits for emotional regulation of contact with nature: a systematic review
Authors: Ríos-Rodríguez María Luisa , Rosales Christian , Hernández Bernardo , Lorenzo Maryurena
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Exposure to natural environments, such as parks, forests, and green areas, is often linked to a decrease in stress, anxiety and depression, while contributing to improved emotional wellbeing. These observations are supported by well-established theories, such as the Stress Reduction Theory and Attention Restoration Theory, which highlight the psychological benefits of interacting with nature. However, the relationship between exposure to nature and emotions, and in particular, with emotional regulation, is an evolving aspect of research with no clear conclusions. Emotional regulation can be deliberate in nature, where individuals voluntarily participate in modifying various aspects of their emotions, such as their type, intensity, quality or duration. Alternatively, it may be automatic, originating from sensory perception and acting without full awareness, but significantly influencing emotional experiences. In this context, the environmental self-regulation hypothesis, suggests that people consciously or unconsciously use their physical environment to regulate their emotions.

Method

To analyze the evidence of the relationship between contact with nature and emotional regulation, we conducted this review. Using the PRISMA statement as a reference, we conducted keyword searches in five databases in the period between 2013 and 2023. The databases selected were Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), PubMed, PsycINFO and ScienceDirect.

Results

In addition, a manual search was carried out of journals in the research field. Initially, from which gray literature, reviews and duplicates were removed in a first step. The resulting articles were then filtered using their titles and abstracts. Subsequently, the abstracts of the 25 selected articles were reviewed and discussed by researchers to reach a final decision based on consensus about the adequacy of each paper. Finally, nine articles were included in the systematic review.

Discussion

In general terms, this review suggests that research on the relationship between contact with nature and emotional regulation provides valuable insights into how natural environments can contribute to the emotional wellbeing and physical and mental health of the population.
Effects of social support on vision-related quality of life in older adults with dry eye disease: the chain mediating role of illness perception and coping style
Authors: Pan Haoran , Pan Xubin , Gu Danfeng , Wang Xiaobo
Published: July 2024

Objective

This study explored the effects of social support, illness perception, coping style, and vision-related quality of life (VRQOL) in older patients with dry eye disease (DED) using a chain mediation model.

Methods

A total of 407 patients with DED from a tertiary hospital in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China, between June and December 2023 were selected as participants. A demographic questionnaire, the Social Support Rating Scale, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire, and the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning questionnaire-25 were all given to them to complete. IBM SPSS (version 27.0) was used for data analysis, and Model 6 of the PROCESS Macro was used to test the predicted chain mediation model.

Results

The positive association between social support and VRQOL demonstrated the mediation role of illness perception and coping style. Social support affected VRQOL via three pathways: illness perception (effect = 0.190), confrontational coping style (effect = 0.103), and a combination of illness perception and confrontational coping style (effect = 0.067), accounted for 23.60%, 12.80%, and 8.32% of the total effect, respectively.

Conclusion

Social support in older patients with DED can significantly and positively predict the VRQOL. In addition to the independent mediating effect of illness perception and confrontational coping style, a chain-mediating effect exists between social support and VRQOL. The study serves as a valuable strategy for healthcare professionals to prevent and intervene in VRQOL for older patients with DED in the future.