bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the acceptance of E-learning platform (SIDEK-Edu) among high school students with UTAUT2-TOE approach: implications for digital learning
Authors: Haripin  , Warsono Sony
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the acceptance factors of e-learning among students in high schools. In this study, researchers used a combination of system acceptance models, namely UTAUT2 and TOE. The UTAUT2 framework is used to explore technology acceptance from the context of individual behavior, while TOE is used to understand technology acceptance from the organizational context based on the perspective of students, as it results in a better choice to anticipate the relationship between the acceptance of technological innovation in high schools.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used quantitative methods. The sample in this study amounted to 212 people who were high school students who had just tried using SIDEK-Edu. This study uses Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze the measurement model and structural model with WarpPLS version 6 software.

Findings

Based on the results of the tests carried out, out of a total of 16 hypotheses, 6 hypotheses were accepted and 10 hypotheses were rejected. Research findings from the individual context show that performance expectancy, social influence, and learning value have a positive and significant effect on behavioral intention to use SIDEK-Edu innovation technology. Furthermore, judging from students' perceptions in the organizational context, only relative advantage has a positive and significant effect on behavioral intention, while compatibility, ICT resources, and competitive pressure do not.

Research limitations/implications

The limitations of this research are that this research uses a homogeneous sample of high school students, this research only focuses on the high school level, this research is limited to the dominant variables in measuring the acceptance of SIDEK-Edu innovation technology.

Practical implications

Input to the high school, both the organization, teachers, and also decision makers in the organization. This makes it easier for all parties to design and implement the system they have so that it is as expected, In addition, the existence of SIDEK-Edu also provides a new learning method experience in learning accounting which is very beneficial for high school students, especially vocational high school.

Originality/value

SIDEK-Edu is a new innovative technology to research and is an LMS that focuses on accounting learning (theory room and practice room in one learning media). In addition, the model used in the study is a combination of models (UTAUT2-TOE) to indentify e-learning acceptance.
Change readiness in organizations: an affective cognitive process for convergent sensemaking
Authors: Wasieleski David , Guimarães da Costa Nuno , Ivanova Ruffo Olga
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This conceptual paper aims to present a new, integrated model for change readiness that focuses on affective sensemaking among intra-organizational members. Change processes are often hindered by lack of preparedness, which can be justified by organizational members' emotional resistance to change and divergent understandings of its meaning. Our paper proposes a normative model depicting the interactive process between middle-managers and employees until convergence of meaning is achieved and the organization is ready to change.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors offer a conceptual process model that describes how employees prepare for organizational change. The model illustrates how emotionally laden narratives enable employees to make sense of organizational change communicated by middle managers.

Findings

The sensemaking process is initiated by the negative emotions employees often experience when organizational change is first presented. Then middle managers must transform the negative felt emotions into positive valence via the strategic use of narratives that contain an affective component. This is done to increase the likelihood that convergent sensemaking takes place. Until this stage, intra-organizational members holding different perspectives about the need to change, engage in discussions in which the conflicting views are supported by the instrumental and systematic use of emotional tools with different valence.

Research limitations/implications

First, we contribute to the change readiness literature by offering a detailed process for managers to influence individual readiness for change in their organizations. Our paper proposes a normative model depicting the interactive process between middle-managers and employees until convergence of meaning is achieved and the organization is ready to change. Future work needs to empirically test our model.

Practical implications

We contribute to the sensemaking literature by integrating positive and negative valence into the process for understanding organizational change. Finally, we contribute to our practical understanding of convergent sensemaking processes through the strategic use of narratives in organizations.

Social implications

Our paper proposes a normative model depicting the interactive process between middle-managers and employees until convergence of meaning is achieved and the organization is ready to organizational and social change.

Originality/value

Our main contributions are three-fold. First, we contribute to the change readiness literature by offering a detailed process for managers to influence individual readiness for change in their organizations. Secondly, we contribute to the sensemaking literature by integrating positive and negative valence into the process for understanding organizational change. Finally, we contribute to our understanding of convergent sensemaking processes through the strategic use of narratives.
Children’s conversational voice search as learning: a literature review
Authors: Yi Siqi , Rieh Soo Young
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to critically review the intersection of searching and learning among children in the context of voice-based conversational agents (VCAs). This study presents the opportunities and challenges around reconfiguring current VCAs for children to facilitate human learning, generate diverse data to empower VCAs, and assess children’s learning from voice search interactions.

Design/methodology/approach

The scope of this paper includes children’s use of VCAs for learning purposes with an emphasis on conceptualizing their VCA use from search as learning perspectives. This study selects representative works from three areas of literature: children’s perceptions of digital devices, children’s learning and searching, and children’s search as learning. This study also includes conceptual papers and empirical studies focusing on children from 3 to 11 because this age spectrum covers a vital transitional phase in children’s ability to understand and use VCAs.

Findings

This study proposes the concept of child-centered voice search systems and provides design recommendations for imbuing contextual information, providing communication breakdown repair strategies, scaffolding information interactions, integrating emotional intelligence, and providing explicit feedback. This study presents future research directions for longitudinal and observational studies with more culturally diverse child participants.

Originality/value

This paper makes important contributions to the field of information and learning sciences and children’s searching as learning by proposing a new perspective where current VCAs are reconfigured as conversational voice search systems to enhance children’s learning.
Research on robot tracking force control algorithm based on neural networks
Authors: Du Liang , Xiao Meng
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to propose a force control algorithm based on neural networks, which enables a robot to follow a changing reference force trajectory when in contact with human skin while maintaining a stable tracking force.

Design/methodology/approach

Aiming at the challenge of robots having difficulty tracking changing force trajectories in skin contact scenarios, a single neuron algorithm adaptive proportional – integral – derivative online compensation is used based on traditional impedance control. At the same time, to better adapt to changes in the skin contact environment, a gated recurrent unit (GRU) network is used to model and predict skin elasticity coefficients, thus adjusting to the uncertainty of skin environments.

Findings

In two robot–skin interaction experiments, compared with the traditional impedance control and robot force control algorithm based on the radial basis function model and iterative algorithm, the maximum absolute force error, the average absolute force error and the standard deviation of the force error are all decreased.

Research limitations/implications

As the training process of the GRU network is currently conducted offline, the focus in the subsequent phase is to refine the network to facilitate real-time computation of the algorithm.

Practical implications

This algorithm can be applied to robot massage, robot B-ultrasound and other robot-assisted treatment scenarios.

Originality/value

As the proposed approach obtains effective force tracking during robot–skin contact and is verified by the experiment, this approach can be used in robot–skin contact scenarios to enhance the accuracy of force application by a robot.
The impact of ESG ratings on corporate value during COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from China and South Korea
Authors: Kim Donghoon , Yoon Sun-Joong
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted global economies, posing unprecedented business challenges worldwide. This study examines the influence of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors on corporate value in the context of the pandemic, focusing on China and South Korea. Using empirical analysis and data from Chinese A-share and South Korean KOSPI-listed companies, our research reveals complex dynamics. ESG had a negative impact on corporate value during the pandemic. However, firms with higher ESG scores demonstrated an insurance effect, mitigating risk. This effect held in both China and South Korea, highlighting the importance of ESG principles for resilience and sustainable growth in contemporary business practices. This research provides implications for ESG-focused businesses during crises.
The nexus between economic growth and conditional exchange rate volatility: evidence from emerging economies
Authors: Bhat Mudaser Ahad , Jamal Aamir , Wani Farhana
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper was to examine the nexus between conditional exchange rate volatility and economic growth in BRICS countries. Further, the dynamic causation between economic growth and exchange rate volatility is also examined.

Design/methodology/approach

We employed three techniques, namely, dynamic panel models, static panel models and Dumitrescu and Hurlin (DH) panel causality test to examine the economic growth–conditional exchange rate volatility nexus in BRICS countries.

Findings

The overall results showed that conditional exchange rate volatility has a negative and significant effect on economic growth. Interestingly, the results showed that whenever the exchange rate volatility exceeds the 0–1.54 range, the economic growth of BRICS is reduced, on average, by 5%. Further, the results of the causality test reconciled with that of ARDL wherein unidirectional causality from exchange rate volatility, exports, labour force and gross capital formation to economic growth was found.

Research limitations/implications

The urgent recommendation is to develop and align fiscal, monetary, trade and exchange rate policies, either through creating a common currency region or through coordinated measures to offset volatility and trade risks in the long run. Further, to offset the impact of excessive exchange rate changes, BRICS economies can set up currency hedging systems, implement temporary capital controls during periods of extreme volatility or create currency swap agreements with other nations or regions. Last, but not least, investment and labour policies that are coherent and well-coordinated can support market stabilisation, promote investment and increase worker productivity and job prospects.

Originality/value

Researchers hold contrasting views regarding the effect of exchange rate volatility on economic growth. Some researchers claim that exchange rate volatility reduces growth, and several shreds of empirical evidence claim that lower exchange rate volatility is linked with an increase in economic growth, at least in the short run. However, the challenge lies in establishing the optimal range beyond which exchange rate volatility becomes detrimental to economic growth. The present study contributes to this aspect by seeking to identify the optimal spectrum beyond which excessive shifts in exchange rate volatility negatively affect economic growth, or endeavors to define the acceptable spectrum within which these fluctuations actually boost growth. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to analyse the given research area. The present study used a dummy variable technique to capture the impact of permissible exchange rate band on the economic growth.
Ownership and investor responses to news on fraud and pecuniary actions: a comparative analysis of Indian banks
Authors: Anantha Krishnan Akila , Sengupta Angan
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to understand investors’ reactions to news on fraud and pecuniary and regulatory action in privately owned and government-owned banks.

Design/methodology/approach

To examine the role of ownership holdings, this study deploys event study methodology and cross-sectional regression to analyze the abnormal returns and the intergroup dynamics. Event study methodology studies the abnormal return on stock prices on days when fraud, pecuniary actions and regulatory news were reported for 36 banks that are listed on the NSE. Data on news has been collected from Reuters for 110 months. Cross-sectional regression analyses are done to examine whether selected variables on bank characteristics influence the abnormal returns. Exploring the intergroup dynamics between government and privately owned banks helps to accentuate how stakeholders influence investor responses.

Findings

Private and government-owned banks display an anomalous return pattern during the events, though to varying degrees and for a longer duration. The sharp downturn observed in private banks in response to pecuniary and regulatory actions related to news can be attributed to the associated risk of these banks. Intergroup dynamics further demonstrate that the effect of such news regarding government-owned bank stocks is more pronounced on privately owned banks compared to the effect of news related to privately owned banks on public banks.

Originality/value

The study shows how ownership structure variedly impacts investors’ response to news related to fraud, and pecuniary and regulatory actions on Indian banks, which may eventually ask for customized investment approaches for government-owned and privately owned banks.
Performance appraisal interval and employee exploratory innovation behavior: the curvilinear relationship and the boundary conditions
Authors: Yang Jun , Wang Bin , Zhao Bin , Ma Jun
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Compressing project timelines represents a prevalent temporal tactic aimed at accelerating the innovation process. However, empirical evidence on the impact of such time constraints on innovation remains inconclusive. This study aims to investigate the relationship between a prevalent organizational time mechanism—Performance Appraisal Interval (PAI)—and employee exploratory innovation behavior. Additionally, we explore the boundary conditions that may influence this relationship: the moderating effects of future work self salience and supervisory developmental feedback.

Design/methodology/approach

Using online survey data collected in two waves from 426 employees working in hi-tech companies in China, we tested all the hypotheses.

Findings

(1) PAI demonstrates an inverted U-shaped influence on employees exploratory innovation behavior; (2) Employees’ future work self salience serves as a moderator that enhances the positive nature of this inverted U-shaped relationship; (3) Supervisory developmental feedback amplifies the moderating role of future work self salience, and the synergistic effect of PAI, future work self salience, and supervisory developmental feedback significantly enhances exploratory innovation behavior.

Practical implications

By providing insights that are attuned to the temporal aspects of performance appraisal, this study aids organizations in making more informed, strategic decisions that enhance both the effectiveness of performance assessments and the cultivation of an environment that encourages exploratory innovation. Additionally, it is recommended that organizational leaders incorporate future-oriented interventions and developmental feedback into their management practices to further promote employees' engagement in exploratory innovation.

Originality/value

Drawing on the interactive theory of performance, this study introduces a novel perspective on how an organizational temporal mechanism influences exploratory innovation and advances our understanding of the non-linear link between time constraints and employees' innovative behaviors.
Enriching the formulation of low-fat mozzarella cheese using micro-coated vitamin D3
Authors: Rafiei Roza , Roozbeh Nasiraie Leila , Emam Jumeh Zahra , Jafarian Sara
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The use of polysaccharides increases solubility and consistency and causes functions such as viscosity? Moisture and food emulsifier stabilizer. This study aims to enrich the formulation of low-fat mozzarella cheese using microcoated vitamin D3 (VD3).

Design/methodology/approach

This study investigates the addition of hydrocolloids to low-fat mozzarella cheese to enhance its properties and nutritional value. Tests were conducted on cheese samples with 0.05% and 0.25% hydrocolloid concentrations at various stages: before production and at three and six months’ postproduction. The samples were evaluated for elasticity, pH and solubility to select the best one, which was then fortified with VD3. The vitamin was microencapsulated using alginate and whey protein to shield it from light and oxygen, optimizing the formula using the response surface method. The fortified cheese was tested for VD3 content over its shelf life.

Findings

Results indicated that all hydrocolloids tested improved moisture and meltability of the cheese while higher protein levels increased stretchability two to threefold. Rice starch hydrocolloid at 0.05% concentration was chosen due to superior sensory scores and minimal oil separation. This study concluded that VD3 levels remained stable during the cheese’s shelf life, suggesting that this approach could enhance the nutritional value of low-fat cheese without compromising its quality. Therefore, after examining the obtained results and comparing the regression models, the results indicated that the Quadratic model was chosen to investigate the effect of independent variables on the response rate, which had a statistically significant difference with other models (p = 0.0019). Also the results of the area under the curve and using the encapsulation efficiency equation, the percentage of microencapsulated vitamin was obtained, and according to the simulation results, the encapsulation efficiency was reported as 89.02%.

Originality/value

Developing innovative functional dairy products fortified with VD3 could improve the vitamin D status in deficient populations. Therefore, these designs can be applied at industrial scales for functional cheese production.
Pacific accounting review in 2013–2023: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Cao June , Huang Zijie , Kristanto Ari Budi , Scott Tom
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This literature review aims to portray the thematic landscape of the Pacific Accounting Review (PAR) from 2013 to 2023. This paper also synthesises the special issues in PAR and identifies the main research streams that facilitate contemplating the dialogic interactions between PAR and real-world challenges. Furthermore, this paper aligns these streams with the emerging concerns in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and technological disruptions to propose impactful future directions for publications in PAR.

Design/methodology/approach

This review adopts bibliometric analysis to establish the main research streams and objective measures for directing future publications. This paper acquires the data of 310 PAR articles from the Web of Science and ensure the data integrity before the analysis. Based on this technique, this paper also analyses PAR’s productivity, authorship and local and global impacts.

Findings

Our bibliometric analysis reveals three key research streams: (1) ESG practices and disclosures, (2) informal institutions in accounting and (3) accounting in transition. This finding affirms PAR’s relevance to real-world accounting challenges. Using a thematic map, this paper portrays the current state of PAR’s topics to identify potential directions for future publications. Further, this paper proposes three future paths for PAR: (1) the research agenda for non-financial reporting, (2) research relating to and from diverse countries considering both formal and informal contemporary contextual factors and (3) the future of the evolving accounting profession.

Originality/value

This study adds value to the existing PAR reviews by extending our knowledge with the latest publications, demonstrating an objective and replicable approach, and offering future directions for PAR publications.
High performance coating formulation using multifunctional monomers and reinforcing functional fillers for protecting metal substrate
Authors: Joshi Sachin S. , Patil Vikas J. , Gite Vikas V.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Effects of corrosion are very dire and mitigation of corrosion holds prime importance. Protective coatings play major role in preventing corrosion of metals and coating application is the most convenient, economical and quick solution. The purpose of the study is development of protective coatings to effectively mitigate corrosion of metal components.

Design/methodology/approach

A high-performance anticorrosion coating was prepared using multiple monomers and paste of functional and reinforcing fillers with extenders to protect metal components from corrosion in aggressive environmental conditions. The structures of copolymers synthesized with multiple monomers were studied by the NMR and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. The percentage conversion of different proportions of various monomers was estimated using gas chromatography technique. The functional paste to impart superior anticorrosion properties was prepared using various functional and reinforcing fillers. The final coatings were prepared by mixing these resins with functional paste in various proportions.

Findings

The prepared anticorrosion coating was tested for high-performance mechanical and chemical properties and it was witnessed that the said coating offered desired performance properties needed for protecting metal components from corrosion.

Research limitations/implications

As such it is overcoming drawbacks of two pack systems and thus has almost no limitations or implications for application on metal substrate.

Practical implications

Being formulated as a single pack, it is free from drawbacks otherwise involved in two pack system of conventional paints. The coating system developed is very easy to apply using conventional tools, namely, brush, spray and roller techniques. The formulation is made in such a way that it has fast-drying properties. Makes painting or coating operations cost effective and confirm the performance.

Social implications

The findings of the research have anticorrosion nature that can enhance the life span of the substrates. It is specially designed for metal substrate and can protect metal substrate from corrosion in most aggressive conditions. Thus, it helps to reduce losses due corrosion and increase safety of metal structures and human being as well. As it is based on conventional material but with new formulation and technology, it has commercial possibilities to explore.

Originality/value

Unlike conventional protective coating systems, the said coating offered disruptive features like single pack systems and fast drying at ambient temperature along with high-performance properties. The coating formulation was observed to have a great importance in industry for effective corrosion mitigation and to reduce losses due to corrosion.
Abatacept retention and clinical effectiveness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in a real‐world setting in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Kun‐Hung , Li Ko‐Jen , Fang Yao‐Fan , Hsieh Song‐Chou , Chen Ying‐Chou , Lee Chyou‐Shen , Luo Shue‐Fen , Cheng Tien‐Tsai , Tsai Wen Chan , Lo Yu‐Chen , Lan Joung‐Liang
Published: July 2024

Aim

To evaluate real‐world abatacept retention and clinical outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Taiwan.

Methods

This prospective, observational study enrolled patients with rheumatoid arthritis aged ≥20 years who received abatacept in real‐world practice. The primary endpoint was the abatacept retention rate at 24 months. Patients were categorized into subgroups based on abatacept treatment status and previous biological disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD) therapy. Risk factors affecting abatacept retention were determined by regression analysis.

Results

A total of 212 patients were enrolled. The overall abatacept retention rate at 24 months among all patients was 59.9% (95% confidence interval 53.0%–66.6%). Patients who were ongoing users of abatacept and bDMARD‐naïve had the highest retention rate (76.3%); of these, 31.6% achieved low disease activity or remission after 2 years. Previous treatment with bDMARDs was associated with an increased risk of abatacept discontinuation (hazard ratio 1.99; p = .002). The most common reasons for abatacept discontinuation were drug switch (11.3%) and loss to follow‐up (6.1%). Abatacept was well‐tolerated with no new safety signals.

Conclusion

The 24‐month retention rate of abatacept was 59.9%; abatacept was associated with improved clinical outcomes and was well‐tolerated in the real‐world setting in Taiwan.
Storylines: A science‐based method for assessing and measuring future physical climate‐related financial risk
Authors: Fiedler Tanya , Wood Nick , R Grose Michael , J Pitman Andy
Published: July 2024

Regulators increasingly require organisations to disclose their climate‐related financial risks. Most future physical climate risks present unique challenges, however, as their likely occurrence and consequence cannot be quantified with veracity at business‐relevant scales. Quantitative measurement thus renders preparers vulnerable to false precision, maladaptation, and litigation. We present an alternative method for assessing future physical climate‐related financial risk developed in the climate sciences, namely “storylines” (Shepherd et al., 2018). Storylines emphasise plausibility over probability, illustrate legally defensible and auditable futures, and allow the full expression of uncertainty. We conclude with recommendations and implications for integrating storylines into existing standards, frameworks and practice.
Epithelial barrier theory in the context of nutrition and environmental exposure in athletes
Authors: Kistler Walter , Villiger Michael , Villiger Beat , Yazici Duygu , Pat Yagiz , Mitamura Yasutaka , Ardicli Sena , Skolnick Stephen , Dhir Raja , Akdis Mübeccel , Nadeau Kari , Ogulur Ismail , Akdis Cezmi A.
Published: July 2024

Exposure to toxic substances, introduced into our daily lives during industrialization and modernization, can disrupt the epithelial barriers in the skin, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems, leading to microbial dysbiosis and inflammation. Athletes and physically active individuals are at increased risk of exposure to agents that damage the epithelial barriers and microbiome, and their extreme physical exercise exerts stress on many organs, resulting in tissue damage and inflammation. Epithelial barrier‐damaging substances include surfactants and enzymes in cleaning products, laundry and dishwasher detergents, chlorine in swimming pools, microplastics, air pollutants such as ozone, particulate matter, and diesel exhaust. Athletes' high‐calorie diet often relies on processed foods that may contain food emulsifiers and other additives that may cause epithelial barrier dysfunction and microbial dysbiosis. The type of the material used in the sport equipment and clothing and their extensive exposure may increase the inflammatory effects. Excessive travel‐related stress, sleep disturbances and different food and microbe exposure may represent additional factors. Here, we review the detrimental impact of toxic agents on epithelial barriers and microbiome; bring a new perspective on the factors affecting the health and performance of athletes and physically active individuals.
Chronic pelvic pain among transgender men and gender diverse adults assigned female at birth
Authors: Tordoff Diana M. , Lunn Mitchell R. , Flentje Annesa , Atashroo Diana , Chen Bertha , Dastur Zubin , Lubensky Micah E. , Capriotti Matthew , Obedin‐Maliver Juno
Published: July 2024

Background

There are limited data on pelvic pain among transgender men and gender diverse people, and the impact of testosterone on pelvic pain is poorly understood.

Objective

Characterize the prevalence and correlates of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) among transgender men and gender diverse people and examine the association between testosterone use and CPP.

Materials and methods

We used 2020–2022 data from The Population Research in Identity and Disparities for Equality (PRIDE) Study, an online prospective cohort study of sexual and gender minority adults in the United States, to conduct complementary cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses. Our primary outcome was self‐reported CPP lasting 3 months or longer measured using the Michigan Body Map.

Results

Among 2579 transgender men and gender diverse people assigned female at birth included in our sample, 457 (18%) reported CPP. CPP correlates included: inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), kidney stones, pelvic inflammatory disease, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), uterine fibroids, current hormonal intrauterine device use, prior pregnancy, vaginal delivery, hysterectomy, and oophorectomy. Individuals with CPP reported a high prevalence of IBS (37%), PCOS (20%), uterine fibroids (9%), post‐traumatic stress disorder (51%), and severe depression and anxiety symptoms (42% and 25%, respectively). Current testosterone use was associated with a 21% lower prevalence of CPP (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65–0.96). In longitudinal analyses (N = 79), 15 (19%) participants reported any CPP after initiating testosterone: eight (56%) of whom reported CPP prior to testosterone initiation, and seven (47%) who reported new‐onset CPP.

Discussion and conclusions

The relationship between CPP and testosterone is complex. Although testosterone use was associated with a lower prevalence of CPP, some transgender and gender diverse individuals experienced new‐onset pelvic pain after testosterone initiation. Given the significant impact that CPP can have on mental health and quality of life, future research must examine the role of testosterone in specific underlying etiologies of CPP and identify potential therapies.
Immunoreactivity of eastern small eyed snake (Cryptophis nigrescens) venom towards species‐specific antibodies of five medically important venomous Australian elapids
Authors: Padula AM
Published: July 2024

The eastern small eyed snake (Cryptophis nigrescens; CN) is an uncommon cause of snakebite in Australia despite the widespread distribution of the snake along the east coast of Australia. Diagnosis of envenomation relies on identification of the snake which is often not possible with animal snakebite cases. This study examined the immunoreactivity profile of CN venom towards specific rabbit IgG made against the medically relevant snake venom immunotypes found in Australia (tiger, brown, black, death adder and taipan). A simultaneous sandwich ELISA format was used to quantify CN venom binding to venom specific Protein A purified rabbit IgG. The binding profiles demonstrated weak binding of CN venom to rabbit IgG made against both tiger (N. scutatus) and black snake (P. australis) venoms with approximately 0.19% and 0.069% cross reactivity, respectively. However, the concentration of venom likely to be present in the urine of CN envenomed patients and the low cross reactivity suggest that envenomed veterinary patients are unlikely to be detected in the commercial snake venom detection kit. It is possible that CN envenomation is more common but may be underdiagnosed where snake venom antigen detection is relied upon solely. Serum biochemical abnormalities also overlap with other snake species found in the same geographical area. In respect of antivenom therapy, administration of tiger snake antivenom is supported by the binding data, but due to the low cross reactivity multiple vials may be required. Limited clinical evidence also supports the efficacy of tiger snake antivenom for envenomation by CN.
Disability and the stratification of post‐secondary pathways: Evidence from a large administrative linkage
Authors: Pizarro Milian Roger , Reynolds Dylan , Abdulkarim Firrisaa , Jacob Naleni , Parekh Gillian , Brown Rob , Walters David
Published: July 2024

Research has linked disability to differential experiences and outcomes for students at multiple levels of education. To date, however, available data sources have prevented comprehensive analyses of the statistical relationship between disability and the pathways traveled by students through Ontario post‐secondary education (PSE). Through this study, we examine this topic by leveraging a large multifaceted linkage that brings together rich administrative data from the Toronto District School Board (Grades 9–12), Ontario college and university enrollment records (2009–2018), as well as government student loans and tax records. We use these data to statistically model differences in the PSE pathways traveled by more than 33,000 TDSB students. Our analyses identify statistically significant differences in the likelihood that students with/without disabilities will travel certain PSE pathways. However, such differences shrink drastically once we control for high school‐level factors (e.g., academic performance, absenteeism). We elaborate on the importance of these findings for both social stratification researchers and policymakers.
Alterations in metabolome and lipidome in patients with in‐stent restenosis
Authors: Xu Ziqi , Mou Chenye , Ji Renjie , Chen Hanfen , Ding Yuge , Jiang Xiaoyi , Meng Fanxia , He Fangping , Luo Benyan , Yu Jie
Published: July 2024

Context

In‐stent restenosis (ISR) can lead to blood flow obstruction, insufficient blood supply to the brain, and may even result in serious complications such as stroke. Endothelial cell hyperproliferation and thrombosis are the primary etiologies, frequently resulting in alterations in intravascular metabolism. However, the metabolic changes related to this process are still undermined.

Objective

We tried to characterize the serum metabolome of patients with ISR and those with non‐restenosis (NR) using metabolomics and lipidomics, exploring the key metabolic pathways of this pathological phenomenon.

Results

We observed that the cysteine and methionine pathways, which are associated with cell growth and oxidative homeostasis, showed the greatest increase in the ISR group compared to the NR group. Within this pathway, the levels of N‐formyl‐l‐methionine and L‐methionine significantly increased in the ISR group, along with elevated levels of downstream metabolites such as 2‐ketobutyric acid, pyruvate, and taurocholate. Additionally, an increase in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylserine (PS), as well as a decrease in triacylglycerol in the ISR group, indicated active lipid metabolism in these patients, which could be a significant factor contributing to the recurrence of blood clots after stent placement. Importantly, phenol sulfate and PS(38:4) were identified as potential biomarkers for distinguishing ISR, with an area under the curve of more than 0.85.

Conclusions

Our study revealed significant metabolic alterations in patients with ISR, particularly in the cysteine and methionine pathways, with phenol sulfate and PS(38:4) showing promise for ISR identification.
A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Investigating the Weaning Process From Mechanical Ventilation in Elderly Patients With Dementia
Authors: Liang Jian‐Feng , Li Zhi‐Yong , Dong Hai‐Shan , Xu Chang , Yin Chao‐Qun
Published: July 2024

Background

Limited data is available regarding the weaning techniques employed for mechanical ventilation (MV) in elderly patients with dementia in China.

Objective

The primary objective of this study is to investigate diverse weaning methods in relation to the prognostic outcomes of elderly patients with dementia undergoing MV in the intensive care unit (ICU). Specifically, we seek to compare the prognosis, likelihood of successful withdrawal from MV, and the length of stay (LOS) in the ICU.

Methods

The study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial, encompassing a group of 169 elderly patients aged ≥ 65 years with dementia who underwent MV. Three distinct weaning methods were used for MV cessation, namely, the tapering parameter, spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), and SmartCare (Dräger, Germany).

Results

In the tapering parameter group, the LOS in the ICU was notably prolonged compared to both the SBT and SmartCare groups. However, no statistically significant differences were observed among the groups with respect to demographic characteristics, such as age and sex, as well as factors including the rationale for ICU admission, cause of MV, MV mode, oxygenation index, hemoglobin levels, albumin levels, ejection fraction, sedation and analgesia practices, tracheotomy, duration of MV, successful extubation, successful weaning, incidences of ventilator‐associated pneumonia, and overall prognosis.

Conclusions

Both the SBT and SmartCare withdrawal methods demonstrated a reduction in the duration of MV and LOS in the ICU when compared to the tapering parameter method.

Trial Registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1900028449
Inflammation altered correlation between CYP2C19 genotype and CYP2C19 activity in patients receiving voriconazole
Authors: Klomp Sylvia D. , Veringa Anette , Alffenaar Jan‐Willem C. , de Boer Mark G. J. , Span Lambert F. R. , Guchelaar Henk‐Jan , Swen Jesse J.
Published: July 2024

Voriconazole is the cornerstone of the treatment and prevention of fungal infections. While there is a good correlation between CYP2C19 genotype and voriconazole exposure during prophylactic treatment, no correlation was found in patients with invasive aspergillosis. Proinflammatory cytokines result in inhibition of CYP2C19 enzyme activity (and may result in phenoconversion). Here we investigated the relationship between inflammation, CYP2C19 genotype‐predicted‐phenotype, and CYP2C19 activity in patients receiving voriconazole. Data were obtained from two prospective studies investigating voriconazole treatment (NCT02074462 and NCT00893555). Dose‐corrected voriconazole plasma concentration and C‐reactive protein (CRP) were used as proxies for CYP2C19 activity and inflammation, respectively. After data extraction and synthesis, data from 39 patients with paired voriconazole and CRP measurements were available. The distribution of CYP2C19 genotype‐predicted metabolizer phenotypes was 31% intermediate (IM), 41% normal (NM), and 28% rapid metabolizer (RM). During inflammation, dose‐corrected voriconazole levels were increased by 245%, 278%, and 486% for CYP2C19 NMs IMs and RMs, respectively. Patients with moderate or high CRP levels (>50 mg/L) were phenoconverted to a lower metabolizer phenotype irrespective of their CYP2C19 genotype. In a subgroup analysis of eight patients with longitudinal data available with and without inflammation, the pattern of the dose‐corrected voriconazole and CRP measurements were similar, with CYP2C19 activity following decreasing or increasing CRP levels. In conclusion, voriconazole plasma concentrations increase during inflammation due to downregulation of CYP2C19 activity. While this effect appears largest for CYP2C19 RMs, no clinically relevant differences were observed between the CYP2C19 genotypes.
Practical issues related to immunocytochemistry on cytological smears: Tips and recommendations
Authors: Lozano Maria D. , Argueta Allan , Robledano Ramón , García Jaione , Ocon Vanessa , Gómez Nerea , Fernandez Nassira
Published: July 2024

Objective

Immunocytochemistry (ICC) is essential for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and identifying markers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapies. While cell blocks (CBs) are preferred for standardization and optimized staining, cytological smears are an alternative when CBs are unavailable. However, the literature on ICC protocols for smears is sparse. This review addresses preparation, fixation and protocols for nuclear and cytoplasmic antibodies on smears, drawing from our laboratory's experience.

Methods

We reviewed procedures for ICC on cytological smears using existing literature and practical insights from our laboratory.

Results

Commercially available antibodies were found to be reliable for ICC on smears if specimens are properly prepared and fixed. Protocols developed in our laboratory maintained antigenicity and provided clear staining results.

Conclusions

Although ICC on CBs is the gold standard for standardization, cytological smears are a viable alternative when CBs are unavailable. Success in ICC on smears depends on proper preparation and fixation. This review offers practical protocols and insights to help laboratories optimize ICC on cytological smears. Further research and standardization are necessary to enhance reproducibility and reliability of ICC on smears. The practical information provided is based on personal experience in our laboratory.
Alcohol control policy and alcohol‐attributable disease burden in Finland and the Baltic countries: A longitudinal study 1995–2019
Authors: Månsson Anastasia , van der Velde Lode , Karlsson Thomas , Beekmann Lauri , Jonsson Stenberg Elsa , Haagsma Juanita , Castelpietra Giulio , Agardh Emilie E. , Allebeck Peter
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Alcohol remains a significant contributor to mortality and morbidity in Finland and the Baltic countries, particularly among men. This study aimed to assess alcohol policy restrictiveness in this region from 1995 to 2019 using a modified version of the Bridging the Gap (BtG‐M) policy scale and examine its association with alcohol‐related disease burden.

Methods

The study utilised national laws to score policy restrictiveness (higher BtG‐M scores mean stricter policies) and age‐standardised rates of disability‐adjusted life years (DALY), years of life lost, years lived with disability and deaths per 100,000 from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD). Spearman correlation tests and panel data regression models were applied to assess the association between policy score and burden of disease.

Results

Finland maintained a high BtG‐M score, while the Baltic countries experienced recent increases from initially lower scores. Alcohol‐related disease burden showed an inverse association with policy changes in these countries. Strongest association was seen between the BtG‐M score and DALY rates attributed to injuries. Premature mortality among men constituted the largest proportion of disease burden.

Discussion and Conclusions

Despite challenges in accessing and comparing policy data over time, we showed a strong association between alcohol policy and alcohol‐related harm in Finland and the Baltic countries. This study is one of the first to use the BtG‐M scale to monitor changes in alcohol policies over time and their relationship to alcohol‐related harm using GBD methodology. The study highlights the effects of national alcohol policies on levels of alcohol‐related harm.
Elevated human impact on islands increases the introduction and extinction status of native insular reptiles
Authors: Jesse Wendy A. M. , Ellers Jacintha , Behm Jocelyn E. , Costa Gabriel C. , Blair Hedges S. , Helmus Matthew R.
Published: July 2024

In the Anthropocene, the ranges of introduced species are expanding, while extinction‐prone species are contracting. Introductions and extinctions are caused by how species respond to human impacts, but it is unknown why the ranges of some species expand and some contract. Here, we test whether this opposite response of human impact is due to introduced and extinction‐prone species falling at opposite ends of geographic, evolutionary, or ecological trait continua. We constructed a database of native range maps, traits, phylogenetic relationships, and the introduction and extinction‐prone status of squamate reptiles with ranges native to the Western Hemisphere. Across > 3000 snake and lizard species (88% of known native squamates), 142 had been introduced elsewhere and 483 were extinction‐prone (i.e. vulnerable, endangered, critically endangered, extinct in the wild, extinct). To explain variation in status, we first tested if the same human‐impacted regions in the Americas contained the native ranges of species of either status. Second, we tested for phylogenetic signal in species status. Finally, we tested the explanatory power of multiple trait continua. The native ranges of introduced and extinction‐prone reptiles were clustered in island regions with high human impact versus mainland regions with lower human impact. Phylogenetic signal was weak for status, but introduced and extinction‐prone species were clustered in different clades. All geographic and ecological traits that explained each status supported the opposite ends hypothesis. Introduced species had larger, edgier ranges, while extinction‐prone species had smaller, simpler ranges. Introduced species were mostly herbivorous/omnivorous, while extinction‐prone species were mostly carnivorous. Introduced species produced larger clutches, while extinction‐prone species had smaller body sizes. In the Anthropocene, the native ranges of introduced and extinction‐prone species are in the same human‐impacted regions where trait continua, having opposite effects, determine whether species ranges expand or contract in the continuing face of global change.