bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mulheres baianas em tessituras de memórias e ficções: subjetividade femininas
Authors: Nogueira Maria Lúcia Porto Silva
Published: September 2021

O movimento feminista das décadas de 1960 e 1970 refletiu-se no volume das produções e publicações femininas, recheadas pelas denúncias dos mitos de determinismos biológicos da natureza das mulheres, assim como na recuperação de uma história com a presença do sujeito feminino, desconstruindo criticamente o pensamento patriarcal hegemônico na cultura ocidental. Nesse sentido, buscamos investigar se as mulheres que escreveram sobre as décadas de 1920 a 1960, fazendo-o em um tempo distanciado do vivido, tiveram a percepção do peso dessa estrutura patriarcal e como se colocaram na relação com essa mesma estrutura.
Simulation study of scaler mode at large high altitude air shower observatory
Authors: Huang Zhi-Cheng , Zhou Xun-Xiu , Huang Dai-Hui , Jia Huan-Yu , Chen Song-Zhan , Ma Xin-Hua , Liu Dong , AXi Ke-Gu , Zhao Bing , Chen Lin , Wang Pei-Han ,   School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China,   Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays, Ministory of Education, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China,   Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
Published: September 2021

A large high altitude air shower observatory (LHAASO) located at Daocheng in Sichuan province, China, with an altitude up to 4410 m above the sea level, takes the function of hybrid technology to detect cosmic rays. It is composed of three sub-arrays: a 1.3 km2 ground-based particle detector array (KM2A) for γ-ray astronomy and cosmic ray physics, a 78000 m2 water Cherenkov detector array (WCDA) for γ-ray astronomy, and 18 wide field-of-view air Cherenkov/fluorescence telescopes array (WFCTA) for cosmic ray physics. As the major array of LHAASO, KM2A is composed of 5195 electromagnetic particle detectors (EDs, each with 1 m2) and 1188 muon detectors (MDs, each with 36 m2). In the ground-based experiments, there are two common independent data acquisition systems, corresponding to the shower and scaler operation modes. Up to now, the KM2A array operates only in shower mode with the primary energy threshold of about 10 TeV. In the scaler mode, it is not necessary for too many detectors to be hit at the same time. The energy threshold of the experiment can be greatly lowered. In order to learn more about the scaler mode in LHAASO-KM2A, we adopt the CORSIKA 7.5700 to study the cascade processes of extensive air showers in the atmosphere, and employ the G4KM2A (based on Geant4) to simulate the detector responses. The KM2A-ED array is divided into dozens of clusters. For one cluster (composed of 64 EDs), the event rates of showers having a number of fired EDs ≥ 1, 2, 3, 4 (in a time coincidence of 100 ns) are recorded. The average rates of the four multiplicities are ~88 kHz, ~1400 Hz, ~220 Hz, and ~110 Hz, respectively. The particle multiplicities m ≥ 3 are almost completely due to cosmic ray secondary particles. The corresponding primary energies and effective areas are also given in this paper. According to our simulations, the energy threshold of the scaler mode can be lowered to 100 GeV, and the effective areas reach up to ~100 m2. The simulation results in this work are helpful in the online triggering with the scaler mode, and provide information for the subsequent data analysis in LHAASO-KM2A.
Of Sound Mind
Authors: Kraus Nina
Published: September 2021

How sound leaves a fundamental imprint on who we are.

Making sense of sound is one of the hardest jobs we ask our brains to do. In Of Sound Mind, Nina Kraus examines the partnership of sound and brain, showing for the first time that the processing of sound drives many of the brain's core functions. Our hearing is always on—we can't close our ears the way we close our eyes—and yet we can ignore sounds that are unimportant. We don't just hear; we engage with sounds. Kraus explores what goes on in our brains when we hear a word—or a chord, or a meow, or a screech.

Our hearing brain, Kraus tells us, is vast. It interacts with what we know, with our emotions, with how we think, with our movements, and with our other senses. Auditory neurons make calculations at one-thousandth of a second; hearing is the speediest of our senses. Sound plays an unrecognized role in both healthy and hurting brains. Kraus explores the power of music for healing as well as the destructive power of noise on the nervous system. She traces what happens in the brain when we speak another language, have a language disorder, experience rhythm, listen to birdsong, or suffer a concussion. Kraus shows how our engagement with sound leaves a fundamental imprint on who we are. The sounds of our lives shape our brains, for better and for worse, and help us build the sonic world we live in.
Born Knowing
Authors: Vallortigara Giorgio , Losi Claudia
Published: September 2021

An expert on the brain argues that the mind is not a blank slate and that much early behavior is biologically predisposed rather than learned.

Why do newborns show a preference for a face (or something that resembles a face) over a nonface-like object? Why do baby chicks prefer a moving object to an inanimate one? Neither baby human nor baby chick has had time to learn to like faces or movement. In Born Knowing, neuroscientist Giorgio Vallortigara argues that the mind is not a blank slate. Early behavior is biologically predisposed rather than learned, and this instinctive or innate behavior, Vallortigara says, is key to understanding the origins of knowledge.

Drawing on research carried out in his own laboratory over several decades, Vallortigara explores what the imprinting process in young chicks, paralleled by the cognitive feats of human newborns, reveals about minds at the onset of life. He explains that a preference for faces or representations of something face-like and animate objects—predispositions he calls “life detectors”—streamlines learning, allowing minds to avoid a confusing multiplicity of objects in the environment, and he considers the possibility that autism spectrum disorders might be linked to a deficit in the preference for the animate. He also demonstrates that animals do not need language to think, and that addition and subtraction can be performed without numbers. The origin of knowledge, Vallortigara argues, is the wisdom that humans and animals possess as basic brain equipment, the product of natural history rather than individual development.
Differentiation of mouse fetal lung alveolar progenitors in serum-free organotypic cultures
Authors: Gkatzis Konstantinos , Panza Paolo , Peruzzo Sofia , Stainier Didier YR
Published: September 2021

Lung epithelial progenitors differentiate into alveolar type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) cells. These cells form the air-blood interface and secrete surfactant, respectively, and are essential for lung maturation and function. Current protocols to derive and culture alveolar cells do not faithfully recapitulate the architecture of the distal lung, which influences cell fate patterns in vivo. Here, we report serum-free conditions that allow for growth and differentiation of mouse distal lung epithelial progenitors. We find that Collagen I promotes the differentiation of flattened, polarized AT1 cells. Using these organoids, we performed a chemical screen to investigate WNT signaling in epithelial differentiation. We identify an association between Casein Kinase activity and maintenance of an AT2 expression signature; Casein Kinase inhibition leads to an increase in AT1/progenitor cell ratio. These organoids provide a simplified model of alveolar differentiation and constitute a scalable screening platform to identify and analyze cell differentiation mechanisms.
A morphological transformation in respiratory syncytial virus leads to enhanced complement deposition
Authors: Kuppan Jessica P , Mitrovich Margaret D , Vahey Michael D
Published: September 2021

The complement system is a critical host defense against infection, playing a protective role that can also enhance disease if dysregulated. Although many consequences of complement activation during viral infection are well established, mechanisms that determine the extent to which viruses activate complement remain elusive. Here, we investigate complement activation by human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a filamentous respiratory pathogen that causes significant morbidity and mortality. By engineering a strain of RSV harboring tags on the surface glycoproteins F and G, we are able to monitor opsonization of single RSV particles using fluorescence microscopy. These experiments reveal an antigenic hierarchy, where antibodies that bind toward the apex of F in either the pre- or postfusion conformation activate the classical pathway whereas other antibodies do not. Additionally, we identify an important role for virus morphology in complement activation: as viral filaments age, they undergo a morphological transformation which lowers the threshold for complement deposition through changes in surface curvature. Collectively, these results identify antigenic and biophysical characteristics of virus particles that contribute to the formation of viral immune complexes, and suggest models for how these factors may shape disease severity and adaptive immune responses to RSV.
Differences in HPV infection and HPV-related lesions between the cervix and anus in hiv-positive women
Authors: Cardoso Marques Marcos Paulo , Chaves Pinto Amanda , Soares Leila Cristina , Brito Macedo Jacyara Maria , Fontenelle dos Santos Debora , Pinho Oliveira Marco Aurelio
Published: September 2021

Introduction: the prevalence of cervical and anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is high. However, little is known about the differences in the susceptibility of these infections and related lesions. The aim of this study was to describe the association between the prevalence of cervical and anal HPV infection and HPV-related lesions in HIV-positive women. Methods: this study included 88 HIV-positive women attending an outpatient clinic in a university hospital. Ectocervical, endocervical, and anal samples were collected for colpocytology and anal cytology. A polymerase chain reaction-based technique was used to detect HPV deoxyribonucleic acid in endocervical and anal swab samples. Results: the cervical and anal HPV positivity rates were 35.21% and 78.8%, respectively. The presence of HPV-related lesions on colpocytology was associated with anal HPV positivity (P = 0.027). The ratio between cervical HPV infection and cervical HPV-related lesions was 2.5. The ratio between anal HPV infection and anal HPV-related lesions was 4.3. Overall, 30% had concomitant HPV DNA in the cervix and anus. Conclusion: there are differences in the susceptibility of infections and related lesions between the cervix and anus. Despite a higher incidence of anal HPV, the progression to HPV-related lesion does not occur via the same manner in the cervix and anus. Moreover, cervical HPV-related lesions in HIV-positive women may serve as a cue for anal preventive strategies, and further investigations in these women may be useful.
Diagnóstico de reabsorção radicular
Authors: Madureira Livia , Bezerra de Almeida Clara Maria , De Alencar Palha da Silva Caio , Carvalho Silva Jamerson , Nogueira da Hora Matheus , Castellucci Marcelo
Published: September 2021

Introdução: a detecção da reabsorção da raiz dentária é realizada por meio de exames de imagens, pois frequentemente não apresenta sinal e sintoma clínicos. Dentre os exames de imagem disponíveis, o exame radiográfico periapical, é indicado para diagnóstico, prognóstico e acompanhamento da reabsorção radicular. Objetivo: o estudo tem como objetivo investigar a relação de diferentes resoluções espaciais com o diagnóstico de reabsorção radicular. Metodologia: foram realizados desgastes simulando reabsorção externa no terço apical e vestibular de 15 (quinze) incisivos inferiores, radiografados em crânio seco, antes e depois do desgaste. A técnica radiográfica foi realizada utilizando o sistema VistaScan (Durr Dental, Bietigheim-Bissingen, Germany), aparelho CS 2200 (Carestream Dental LLC, Atlanta-GA, USA) usando tempo de exposição de 0,15 segundos e escaneadas sob diferentes protocolos de resolução espacial, a saber, 20 pares de linhas por milímetro (pl/mm) e 40 pl/mm. Posteriormente dois avaliadores experientes fizeram análises das referidas imagens sem conhecimento prévio da resolução de escaneamento. Resultados: 75% das radiografias realizadas com 20 pl/mm foram classificadas como excelentes pelos avaliadores, contra 33% com 40 pl/mm, estatisticamente significativa. Discussão: ao avaliar a reabsorção radicular, obteve-se uma acurácia diagnóstica igual para os dois protocolos sem distinção, estatisticamente significativa, entre localização ou profundidade. Conclusão: tendo em vista que para os examinadores imagens com 20 pl/mm foram satisfatórias, com percentual de qualidade maior quando comparado a imagens obtidas com 40 pl/mm, este estudo indica o emprego de imagens com 20 pl/mm para avaliação inicial de suspeita de reabsorções nas raízes dentárias.
Avaliação de fatores de risco e antígeno prostático específico no rastreamento de câncer de próstata
Authors: Binow Demuner Bárbara , Carrijo-Carvalho Linda Christian
Published: September 2021

Introdução: no Brasil, o câncer de maior incidência nos homens é o câncer de próstata (CaP), com 6,9% de mortalidade. Atualmente, discute-se a aplicabilidade do antígeno prostático específico (PSA) em políticas de rastreamento para CaP e os riscos associados ao sobrediagnóstico. Objetivo: correlacionar a dosagem do PSA com fatores de risco, história clínica e a presença de neoplasia prostática. Metodologia: estudo descritivo transversal que analisou, comparativamente, dados clínico-epidemiológicos e níveis séricos de PSA de 200 pacientes. Valores de PSA foram estratificados em três categorias (<2,5, 2,5–10,0 e >10 ng/ml). Resultados: os fatores de risco analisados foram relacionados significativamente com o aumento do PSA e neoplasia prostática. A prevalência de CaP (11%) e hiperplasia prostática (61%) foi observada nos pacientes com maior dosagem de PSA, enquanto 1% dos pacientes apresentou CaP sem alteração do PSA e 4% tiveram CaP com 2,5–10,0 ng/ml de PSA. Maiores níveis séricos do biomarcador foram relacionados a diabetes (70%), hipertensão (77%), uso crônico de medicações (60%) e ausência de exames periódicos (58%). O grupo com PSA >10 ng/ml teve média de idade maior que o primeiro (p = 0,002) e o segundo grupos (p = 0,027). Conclusão: a prevalência de hiperplasia prostática benigna associada à alteração do PSA, e o elevado risco de exames falso-positivos evidenciam a preocupação com o sobrediagnóstico. No contexto dos dados clinico-epidemiológicos avaliados, a possibilidade de resultados falso-positivos e falso-negativos associados à dosagem do PSA deve ser considerada, ressaltando a importância de adoção de exames complementares para rastreio do CaP.
Dramaturgias de um bufão em uma igreja invertida
Authors: Ferreira Andre Luiz Rodrigues
Published: September 2021

O artigo objetiva investigar o Patolicismo, obra artística criada e executada pelo bufão franco-italiano Leo Bassi. Ação que parodia o Catolicismo, seus ritos, dogmas e sermões, as missas patólicas promovem dramaturgias expandidas que são atravessadas por noções como carnavalização, rebaixamento, inversão de hierarquias e afirmação de potências vitais. Partindo da análise da obra, seus elementos cênicos, estratégias e modos de fazer, conclui-se que esta práxis de Bassi gera um fenômeno artístico que fricciona o campo do ativismo político. Carregando convites de enfrentamento e resistência pela alegria, a Igreja Patólica busca linhas de fuga irônicas aos dispositivos de captura e expropriação do desejo.
The relationship between working hours and lifestyle behaviors: Evidence from a population-based panel study in Korea
Authors: Lee Dong-Wook , Jang Tae-Won , Kim Hyoung-Ryoul , Kang Mo-Yeol
Published: September 2021

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between working hours and lifestyle behaviors using data from a large nationally representative panel survey.

Methods

We used the Korea Health Panel Study (KHPS) data from 2011 to 2014. Weekly working hours and lifestyle risk factors were assessed by questionnaires. Comparing to the reference group, the weekly working hours were 40 h per week, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for smoking status, alcohol consumption status, and regular exercise status of other weekly working hours groups (<40, 40, 41–52, and >52) were calculated, using generalized estimating equation models considering repeated measures.

Results

Our findings clearly showed a relationship between long working hours and unhealthy lifestyles, such as cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and insufficient sleep. Additionally, weekly working hours are positively associated with the amount of smoking and drinking, and inversely associated with sleep duration among those who worked 40 h or more per week.

Conclusion

Long working hours are associated with unhealthy lifestyles, such as cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and insufficient sleep.
Sortilin‐related receptor is a druggable therapeutic target in breast cancer
Authors: Al‐Akhrass Hussein , Pietilä Mika , Lilja Johanna , Vesilahti Ella‐Maria , Anttila Johanna M. , Haikala Heidi M. , Munne Pauliina M. , Klefström Juha , Peuhu Emilia , Ivaska Johanna
Published: September 2021

In breast cancer, the currently approved anti‐receptor tyrosine‐protein kinase erbB‐2 (HER2) therapies do not fully meet the expected clinical goals due to therapy resistance. Identifying alternative HER2‐related therapeutic targets could offer a means to overcome these resistance mechanisms. We have previously demonstrated that an endosomal sorting protein, sortilin‐related receptor (SorLA), regulates the traffic and signaling of HER2 and HER3, thus promoting resistance to HER2‐targeted therapy in breast cancer. This study aims to assess the feasibility of targeting SorLA using a monoclonal antibody. Our results demonstrate that anti‐SorLA antibody (SorLA ab) alters the resistance of breast cancer cells to HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab in vitro and in ovo. We found that SorLA ab and trastuzumab combination therapy also inhibits tumor cell proliferation and tumor cell density in a mouse xenograft model of HER2‐positive breast cancer. In addition, SorLA ab inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer patient‐derived explant three‐dimensional cultures. These results provide, for the first time, proof of principle that SorLA is a druggable target in breast cancer.
Rhodospirillum
Authors: Imhoff Johannes F.
Published: September 2021

Rho.do.spi.ril'lum. Gr. neut. n.rhodon, the rose; N.L. neut. n.Spirillum, a bacterial genus; N.L. neut. n.Rhodospirillum, the roseSpirillum.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Rhodospirillaceae / Rhodospirillum

The genusRhodospirillumhas harbored a diverse set of spiral‐shaped phototrophic bacteria, most of which have been reclassified as species of other genera, families, and even orders and phyla since the 1980s. The heterogeneity has been long known, but only the faith into sequence‐based information gave strong support for taxonomic rearrangements. Currently, the genusRhodospirillumcontains a single species, which is characterized by spiral‐shaped cells, motility by bipolar flagella, and internal membranes as vesicles. It performs anaerobic photosynthesis, which is restricted to anoxic light conditions due to the oxygen‐sensitive biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophyll and thus the phototrophic apparatus. It can grow photoheterotrophically as well as photoautotrophically. The key enzyme of autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation inRhodospirillum rubrum,ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RubisCO) type‐II, is well characterized and forms a homodimer that is also encoded in some related genera ofRhodospirillaceae. Chemotrophic growth may also occur under microoxic to oxic conditions in the dark and anaerobically by fermentation. The genus comprises mesophilic freshwater bacteria. Ubiquinones and rhodoquinones with 10 isoprene units and fatty acids typical of otherAlphaproteobacteriawith C18:1, C16:0, and C16:1as major components are present.

DNA G + C content (mol%): 64.6–65.7, type 65.4 (genome analysis), 63.8–65.8 (Bd).

Type species:Rhodospirillum (Rsp.) rubrumMolisch 1907AL(basonym:Spirillum rubrumEsmarch 1887).
Parendozoicomonas
Authors: Glaeser Stefanie P. , Kämpfer Peter
Published: September 2021

Par.en.do.zo.i.co.mo'nas. Gr. prep.
para
, beside; N.L. fem. n.
Endozoicomonas
, a bacterial genus; N.L. fem. n.
Parendozoicomonas
, beside the genus
Endozoicomonas
.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Oceanospirillales / Endozoicomonadaceae / Parendozoicomonas

Cells are rod shaped and motile. Gram‐stain‐negative. Chemoorganotrophs with aerobic and anaerobic growth. Small whitish transparent colonies are formed on marine agar which turn orange after few days of incubation. Mesophilic and neutrophilic. Growth occurs between 8 and 37°C at a pH range of 6.5–9.0 with a growth optimum at 25–30°C and a pH of 7.0–8.0. Sodium chloride (at least 0.5% w/v) is required for growth. The fatty acid profile of the total cell hydrolysates consists mainly of two summed features comprising C
16:1
ω7
c
/C
16:1
ω6
c
and C
18:1
ω7
c
/C
18:1
ω6
c
and C
16:0
. The ubiquinone system consists mainly of ubiquinone Q‐9 and minor amounts of Q‐8 and Q‐10. The major polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, and moderate amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol. Minor amounts of further unidentified phospholipids, amino lipid, and lipids, which are only visible after staining for total lipids, are also present. The polyamine pattern comprises the major compound spermidine and traces of putrescine, cadaverine,
sym
‐homospermidine, and spermine. The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan is
meso
‐diaminopimelic acid. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that the genus represents a sister branch of the monophyletic genus
Endozoicomonas
within the family
Endozoicomonadaceae
, order
Oceanospirillales
, and class
Gammaproteobacteria
. Core genome‐based phylogeny confirmed the phylogenetic placement. The known habitat is the tissue of the marine sponge
Haliclona cnidata
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 50.1–51.4 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Parendozoicomonas haliclonae
Bartz et al. 2018, VL182.
Next generation pure component property estimation models: With and without machine learning techniques
Authors: Alshehri Abdulelah S. , Tula Anjan K. , You Fengqi , Gani Rafiqul
Published: September 2021

Physiochemical properties of pure components serve as the basis for the design and simulation of chemical products and processes. Models based on the molecular structural information of chemicals for the following 25 pure component properties are presented in this work: (critical‐) temperature, pressure, volume, acentric factor; (normal‐) boiling point, melting point, auto‐ignition temperature; flash point; (standard‐) enthalpy of formation, Gibbs energy of formation, enthalpy of fusion, enthalpy of vaporization, liquid molar volume; (environmental‐) (lethal dose‐) LC50 and LD50, photo‐chemical oxidation potential, bioconcentration factor, permissible exposure limit; (physicochemical‐) acid dissociation constant, water‐solubility, octanol–water partition coefficient, Hildebrandt solubility parameter, Hansen solubility parameters. Utilizing functional groups for molecular representation, two parallel property estimation models where the group contributions for each property are regressed through traditional regression techniques and machine learning techniques are presented. Both techniques use an a priori data analysis before regression of model parameters. A dataset with more than 24,000 chemicals for the 25 pure component properties has been utilized for the development of the two sets of property models. The efficacy of the developed models and their use are highlighted together with a discussion on the overall performance, application range, and predictive capabilities with implications to product and/or process engineering problem solutions.
Surfactant interactions and solvent phase solubility modulate small molecule release from emulsion electrospun fibers
Authors: Johnson Pamela M. , Lehtinen Justin M. , Robinson Jennifer L.
Published: September 2021

Emulsion electrospinning provides a tunable system for the development of porous scaffolds for controlled, localized drug delivery in tissue engineering applications. This study aimed to elucidate the role of model drug interactions with emulsion chemistry on loading and release rates from fibers with controlled fiber diameter and fiber volume fraction. Nile Red and Rhodamine B were used as model drugs and encapsulation efficiency and release rates were determined from poly(caprolactone) (PCL) electrospun fibers spun either with no surfactant (Span 80), surfactant, or water‐in‐oil emulsions. Drug loading efficiency and release rates were modulated by both surfactant and aqueous internal phase in the emulsions as a function of drug molecule hydrophobicity. Overall, these results demonstrate the role of intermolecular interactions and drug phase solubility on the release from emulsion electrospun fibers and highlight the need to independently control these parameters when designing fibers for use as tunable drug delivery systems.
Airbrushed nanofibrous membranes to control stem cell infiltration in 3D‐printed scaffolds
Authors: Liaw Chya‐Yan , Huynh Shawn , Gedeon Christina , Ji Shen , D'souza Caroline , Abaci Alperen , Guvendiren Murat
Published: September 2021

Extrusion‐based 3D printing of polymeric biomaterials has emerged as a promising approach for the fabrication of complex tissue engineering constructs. However, the large pore and feature size lead to low cell seeding efficiency and limited control of spatial distribution of cells within the scaffolds. We developed hybrid scaffolds that are composed of 3D‐printed layers and airbrushed fibrous membranes. Airbrushing time was adjusted to fabricate low (L), medium (M), and high (H) density membranes to effectively control stem cell infiltration. When two distinct populations of stem cells were seeded from top or bottom of the scaffolds, scaffolds composed of LLL membranes showed gradual mixing of the cells with depth, whereas LHL membranes led to two distinct regions of cells separated by the H membrane. Our results demonstrate that fibrous membranes incorporated within 3D‐printed layers enable user‐defined and spatially controlled cell compositions within hybrid scaffolds.
Synthesis of heat‐integrated pressure‐swing azeotropic distillation using a graphical pinch analysis
Authors: Lee Heecheon , Seo Chaeyeong , Lee Minyong , Lee Jae W.
Published: September 2021

A new graphical method for the fundamental design of pressure‐swing distillation (PSD) and valid heat integration of the designed process is demonstrated based on a pinch analysis. As the minimum pressure constraint, the pinch pressure is determined by this graphical method to secure the necessary temperature driving force and circumvent the distillation boundaries. For a feasibility evaluation of heat‐integrated PSD (HIPSD), the suggested approach requires visualization of the pinch temperature contours and the feasible composition region of an initial feed according to the pressure change and dynamic properties of ternary azeotropic systems. We thus carried out an in‐depth examination by conducting case studies to show the feasible integration into HIPSD. The new insight is that the HIPSD system can have different pinch pressures depending on the column sequence or the separation order of pure components. In addition, the analysis verifies that energy‐efficient HIPSD can be generated by considering pinch constraints.
Impact of modernization on urinary concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and selenium in rural residents of Northern Laos
Authors: Mizuno Yuki , Masuoka Hiroaki , Kibe Mihoko , Kosaka Satoko , Natsuhara Kazumi , Hirayama Kazuhiro , Inthavong Nouhak , Kounnavong Sengchanh , Tomita Shinsuke , Umezaki Masahiro
Published: September 2021

Objectives

The impacts of modernization on toxic heavy metal exposure and essential trace element intake in indigenous populations of subsistence societies are unknown. We assessed urinary trace element concentrations in rural residents of Northern Laos and examined associations with levels of modernization.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted comprising 380 residents of three villages in Northern Laos with different levels of modernization. We surveyed general characteristics and measured the weight and height of 341 participants. Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and selenium concentrations were measured in spot urine samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We examined associations between urinary trace element concentrations and variables related to modernization (village, roofing material, possessions index [total number of possessions], and body mass index [BMI]) using multilevel analyses with household as a random effect, after adjusting for sex, age, and smoking status.

Results

Urinary concentrations of arsenic and cadmium were high, while those of lead and selenium were low in comparison to previous reports of populations in non‐contaminated regions or without excess/deficiency. We observed associations between urinary trace element concentrations and village‐level modernization: lead and selenium concentrations were higher in more modernized villages and cadmium concentration was highest in the least modernized village. Urinary arsenic concentration was not predicted by the modernization level of a village, although we observed significant differences among villages. In addition, urinary selenium concentration was higher in participants inhabiting more modernized houses.

Conclusion

Modernization of villages may impact toxic heavy metal exposure and selenium intake in rural residents of Northern Laos.
Comparing Seizure‐Related Death and Suicide in Younger Adults with Epilepsy
Authors: Kløvgaard Marius , Lynge Thomas H. , Tsiropoulos Ioannis , Uldall Peter V. , Banner Jytte , Winkel Bo G. , Ryvlin Philippe , Tfelt‐Hansen Jacob , Sabers Anne
Published: September 2021

Younger adults with epilepsy have an increased mortality. Some deaths are seizure‐related, for example, sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), whereas others, for example, suicide, have multiple causes, including adverse effects of the treatment on mood. In this retrospective population‐based study of all Danish persons with epilepsy aged 18 to 49 years during 2007 to 2009 we evaluated the risk of death from seizures and suicide. SUDEP comprised 82.7% of all seizure‐related death. Younger adults with epilepsy had an 8.3‐fold increased risk of death from seizure‐related causes compared with suicide. This underpins the importance of effective seizure control in preventing premature death. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:983–987
Dominant KPNA3 Mutations Cause Infantile‐Onset Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia
Authors: Schob Claudia , Hempel Maja , Safka Brozkova Dana , Jiang Huafang , Kim Soo Yeon , Batzir Nurit Assia , Orenstein Naama , Bierhals Tatjana , Johannsen Jessika , Uhrova Meszarosova Anna , Chae Jong‐Hee , Seeman Pavel , Woidy Mathias , Fang Fang , Kubisch Christian , Kindler Stefan , Denecke Jonas
Published: September 2021

Objective

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a highly heterogeneous neurologic disorder characterized by lower‐extremity spasticity. Here, we set out to determine the genetic basis of an autosomal dominant, pure, and infantile‐onset form of HSP in a cohort of 8 patients with a uniform clinical presentation.

Methods

Trio whole‐exome sequencing was used in 5 index patients with infantile‐onset pure HSP to determine the genetic cause of disease. The functional impact of identified genetic variants was verified using bioinformatics and complementary cellular and biochemical assays.

Results

Distinct heterozygous KPNA3 missense variants were found to segregate with the clinical phenotype in 8 patients; in 4 of them KPNA3 variants had occurred de novo. Mutant karyopherin‐α3 proteins exhibited a variable pattern of altered expression level, subcellular distribution, and protein interaction.

Interpretation

Our genetic findings implicate heterozygous variants in KPNA3 as a novel cause for autosomal dominant, early‐onset, and pure HSP. Mutant karyopherin‐α3 proteins display varying deficits in molecular and cellular functions, thus, for the first time, implicating dysfunctional nucleocytoplasmic shuttling as a novel pathomechanism causing HSP. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:738–750
Efficacy and safety of anlotinib in patients with unresectable or metastatic bone sarcoma: A retrospective multiple institution study
Authors: Liu Zhiyong , Gao Songtao , Zhu Liangyu , Wang Jiaqiang , Zhang Peng , Li Po , Zhang Fan , Yao Weitao
Published: September 2021

Background

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as cabozantinib, regorafenib have demonstrated encouraging activity in prolonging progression‐free survival (PFS) in several bone sarcoma entities in prospective clinical trials. This retrospective study aims to analyze the safety and efficacy of anlotinib, a novel multi‐target TKI, in patients with locally unresectable or metastatic bone sarcoma at three institutions.

Methods

Patients with advanced bone sarcoma administered anlotinib 12 mg once daily, 2 weeks on/1 week off, from June 2018 to June 2020, until disease progression or intolerance of treatment. The primary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR) and PFS.

Results

Forty‐eight patients were analyzed: 27 have osteosarcoma, 9 have chondrosarcoma, 8 have Ewing's sarcoma, and 3 have chordoma. The median age was 24 years (range, 16–68 years), and the median number of prior regimens was 1 (range, 0–4). Until the final follow‐up, five patients obtained a partial response and while 24 achieved stable disease. The ORR in all patients was 10.4%, and the median PFS was 4.6 months, with a progression‐free rate (PFR) at 3 months and 6 months of 72.9% and 35.4%, respectively. The ORR and median PFS varied much among tumor subtypes. The most frequent grade 3–4 adverse events (AEs) were pneumothorax, hand‐foot syndrome, cholesterol elevation, hypertriglyceridemia, and fatigue. No patients died from anlotinib‐related AEs during the study period.

Conclusions

Anlotinib may show promising antitumor activity in unresectable or metastatic bone sarcoma. The ORR and median PFS of anlotnib are similar to those of other targeted drugs in different subtypes of sarcomas. The AEs were generally mild and tolerated well. Further studies of anlotinib in selected subtypes of bone sarcoma are needed.
High mutations in fatty acid metabolism contribute to a better prognosis of small‐cell lung cancer patients treated with chemotherapy
Authors: Lyu Qiong , Zhu Weiliang , Wei Ting , Ding Weimin , Cao Manming , Wang Qiongyao , Guo Linlang , Luo Peng , Zhang Jian
Published: September 2021

Background

The majority of patients with small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) show a good response in the early stages of treatment, but more than 90% of patients will develop drug resistance. Therefore, biomarkers are urgently needed to identify patients who can benefit from systemic treatment.

Methods

We prospectively enrolled 52 extensive‐stage SCLC patients before treatment from a local hospital to identify mutations related to patient prognosis, and verified them in the published Jiang's cohort and George's cohort.

Results

We found that patients with high mutations (mut‐high) in the fatty acid (FA) metabolism pathway had a longer progression‐free survival (PFS) in the local hospital cohort (HR = 0.446, 95% CI, 0.207–0.959, p = 0.0387) and a longer overall survival (OS) in Jiang's cohort (HR = 0.549, 95% CI, 0.314–0.960, p = 0.0351) than patients with low mutations (mut‐low). Multivariate analysis suggested that mut‐high status was an independent prognostic factor in both cohorts. George's cohort verified that mut‐high status was associated with a longer OS than mut‐low status (HR = 0.730, 95% CI 0.440–1.220, p = 0.2277). The possible mechanisms were as follows: the frequency of mutated FA synthase (FASN) in the mut‐high group was greater than that in the mut‐low group, and pathways related to the cell cycle, DNA repair, and oxidative phosphorylation were enriched in the mut‐high group.

Conclusions

The prognosis of SCLC patients treated with chemotherapy was better among patients with more mutations in the FA metabolism pathway, and the underlying mechanisms could be found at the genome and transcriptome levels.
Salvage of a mangled limb with Matriderm® augmented split‐skin grafting and maggot biodebridement
Authors: Lempert Maximilian , Pape Hans‐Christoph , Jukema Gerrolt Nico
Published: September 2021

Salvage of a mangled limb can be a long and strenuous way, but it is feasible even with rather simple techniques such as augmented split‐skin grafting and maggot biodebridement.
Endovascular management of symptomatic deep vein thrombosis with combined approach
Authors: Gallicchio Vito , Barbarisi Danilo , Sciarrillo Rosaria , Flora Loris
Published: September 2021

The combined used of thrombectomy with direct intravenous thrombolytic infusion provided effective treatment of DVT and uncovered an underlying left common iliac vein stenosis, which was successfully managed by angioplasty and stenting.
Difficult diagnosis of an air‐containing, abscess‐like, and mass‐like pancreatic head lesion
Authors: Xenou Antigoni , Vranou Eugenia , Boulas Konstantinos A. , Nathanailidou Maria , Kyriakidou Eytyxia , Sitaridis Konstantinos , Filippidis Isaac , Hatzigeorgiadis Anestis
Published: September 2021

Duodenal diverticulosis can be a difficult CT diagnosis and should be considered in the differential diagnosis when a periduodenal mass‐like structure that may contain air, air‐fluid level, or oral contrast material is depicted.
Functional plasticity of carabids can presume better the changes in community composition than taxon‐based descriptors
Authors: Elek Zoltán , Růžičková Jana , Ódor Péter
Published: September 2021

Although the functional trait approach can facilitate the understanding of mechanisms that underline community responses to habitat alteration, only a few studies used this way on exploring the structure of insect assemblages compared to taxon‐based analyses. We compared the descriptive power of medium‐term effects (2014–2018) of forestry treatments in a temperate managed oak‐dominated forest on taxon‐ vs. trait‐based descriptors of ground beetle assemblages. The treatments included rotation forestry (partial preparation cutting, clear‐cutting, retention‐tree group, and mature closed forest as control) and continuous cover forestry (gap cutting) operations. The species composition was only slightly influenced by the treatments; on the ordination biplot, the control, retention tree group, and clear‐cutting treatments formed relatively homogeneous groups, well separated from each other, while the others were scattered randomly in the ordination space. Over time, the species richness decreased in all treatments, but it was higher in the retention tree group treatment than in others in 2016 and 2017. The activity density also declined between years, but an immediate mass effect was revealed after the implementation of treatment types especially in the control, gap, and preparation cuts. We found that assemblages in the clear‐cutting and retention‐tree group had similar characteristics: high functional diversity; more open‐habitat, generalist, and omnivore species and fewer carnivore species; while those in the control, gap, and preparation cutting groups had the opposite: lower functional diversity, more forest species, and more carnivorous species. Our findings will demonstrate that the simultaneous use of the two approaches will allow the most articulate understanding of the status of ground beetles assemblages in managed forests.
SARS‐CoV2 pneumonia recovery is linked to expansion of innate lymphoid cells type 2 expressing CCR10
Authors: Gomes André M. C. , Farias Guilherme B. , Dias‐Silva Manuel , Laia Joel , Trombetta Amelia C. , Godinho‐Santos Ana , Rosmaninho Pedro , Santos Diana F. , Conceição Carolina M. , Costa‐Reis Renato , Adão‐Serrano Maria , Mota Catarina , Almeida Afonso R. M. , Sousa Ana E. , Fernandes Susana M.
Published: September 2021

Accelerate lung repair in SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia is essential for pandemic handling. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are likely players, given their role in mucosal protection and tissue homeostasis. We studied ILC subpopulations at two time points in a cohort of patients admitted in the hospital due to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. COVID‐19 patients with moderate/severe respiratory failure featured profound depletion of circulating ILCs at hospital admission, in agreement with overall lymphocyte depletion. However, ILCs recovered in direct correlation with lung function improvement as measured by oxygenation index and in negative association with inflammatory and lung/endothelial damage markers like RAGE. While both ILC1 and ILC2 expanded, ILC2 showed the most striking phenotype changes, with CCR10 upregulation in strong correlation with these parameters. Overall, CCR10+ ILC2 emerge as relevant contributors to SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia recovery.
Hydroxychloroquine inhibits proteolytic processing of endogenous TLR7 protein in human primary plasmacytoid dendritic cells
Authors: Cenac Claire , Ducatez Mariette, F. , Guéry Jean‐Charles
Published: September 2021

Toll‐like receptor 7 (TLR7) triggers antiviral immune responses through its capacity to recognize ssRNA. Proteolytic cleavage of TLR7 protein is required for its functional maturation in the endosomal compartment. Structural studies demonstrated that the N‐ and C‐terminal domains of TLR7 are connected and involved in ligand binding after cleavage. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), an antimalarial drug, has been studied for its antiviral effects. HCQ increases pH in acidic organelles and has been reported to potently inhibit endosomal TLR activation. Whether HCQ can prevent endogenous TLR7 cleavage in primary immune cells, such as plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), had never been examined. Here, using a validated anti‐TLR7 antibody suitable for biochemical detection of native TLR7 protein, we show that HCQ treatment of fresh PBMCs, CAL‐1 leukemic, and primary human pDCs inhibits TLR7 cleavage and results in accumulation of full‐length protein. As a consequence, we observe an inhibition of pDC activation in response to TLR7 stimulation with synthetic ligands and viruses including inactivated SARS‐CoV2, which we show herein activates pDCs through TLR7‐signaling. Together, our finding suggests that the major pathway by which HCQ inhibits ssRNA sensing by pDCs may rely on its capacity to inhibit endosomal acidification and the functional maturation of TLR7 protein.
Dryland maize yield potentials and constraints: A case study in western Kansas
Authors: Sun Shuang , Lin Xiaomao , Sassenrath Gretchen F. , Ciampitti Ignacio , Gowda Prasanna , Ye Qing , Yang Xiaoguang
Published: September 2021

Water‐limited environments account for half of the earth's land surface, and dryland agriculture acreage is projected to expand due to climate changes. Examining typical dryland yield potentials and yield improvement measures is crucial for developing future dryland crop production systems. This case study used crop modeling to analyze dryland maize yield potential (YPd), farmers’ yield potential (YPf), and actual farm yields (Ya) from 1990 to 2015 in three counties in western Kansas (i.e., Thomas, Greeley, and Finney in the U.S. Great Plains region). The calibrated APSIM‐Maize model along with actual yields was used to estimate yield gaps attributed to: (a) agronomic factors (YG1 = YPd − YPf) and (b) socioeconomic constraints (YG2 = YPf − Ya). Observed climate conditions during maize‐growing seasons showed warming, brightening, and drying trends for all three counties in western Kansas from 1990 to 2015. Our results showed that the current actual farm yields (Ya) in western Kansas represented only 34%, 32%, and 28% of YPd in Thomas, Greeley, and Finney counties, respectively, indicating significant exploitable yield gaps. Agronomic factors (YG1) contributed the greatest to the yield gap in Greeley and Finney counties, whereas socioeconomic constraints (YG2) offered the greatest opportunity for improvement in Thomas county. Our analysis suggested that improving agronomic management could be a greater priority for further yield improvement in Greeley county, but selecting an appropriate hybrid was a greater priority in Finney county.
Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of two‐stage Cretaceous bimodal volcanism in the coast of Zhejiang Province, South‐east China
Authors: Yu Minggang , Wang Qian , Hong Wentao , Zhao Xilin , Chu Pingli
Published: September 2021

Shipu volcanic area is located at the east of the Jiangshan‐Shaoxing Fault zone, an important part of the Mesozoic volcanic belt in the coastal south‐east China, which provides an excellent opportunity to study the origin of rarely outcropped and coexisting bimodal volcanic rocks and bimodal dyke swarms. Two stages of bimodal volcanic rocks and dyke swarms yield zircon U–Pb ages of ca. 118–121 Ma and ca. 95–93 Ma, respectively. Both bimodal magmatic rocks show enrichment in LILEs and LREEs, but depletion in HFSEs. Basalts of the early‐stage bimodal volcanism have whole‐rock (87Sr/86Sr)i ratio of 0.71121, εNd(t) value of −8.0, and zircon εHf(t) values of −19.3 to −11.7, while the contemporaneous rhyolites show whole‐rock (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios of 0.71023 to 0.71106, εNd(t) values of −7.5 to −6.6 and zircon εHf(t) values of −15.3 to −7.6 with TDMC of 0.96–2.11 Ga. Basaltic dykes of the late‐stage bimodal volcanism have whole‐rock (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios of 0.70898 to 0.70908, εNd(t) values of −5.8 to −5.7 and zircon εHf(t) values of −10.5 to 2.9, while coexisting rhyolitic dykes display whole‐rock (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios of 0.69618 to 0.71172, εNd(t) values of −3.1 to −3.0 and zircon εHf(t) values of −9.2 to 11.9 with TDMC of 0.37–1.71 Ga. These features suggest that the early‐stage basalts could be derived from partial melting of an enriched lithospheric mantle metasomatized by slab‐derived fluids, and its corresponding felsic end‐member is the product of partial melting of Proterozoic middle‐lower crust due to underplating of basaltic magmas with minor addition of mantle materials. As for the late‐stage bimodal volcanism, the basaltic dykes are also derived from an enriched mantle similar to the early‐stage counterpart. However, the rhyolitic dykes mainly originated from partial melting of ancient lower crustal materials with abundant input from the depleted mantle. As a whole, two stages of bimodal magmatism in Shipu area provide direct constraints on regional tectonic transition from an extensional arc setting to a back‐arc setting.