bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of meteorological factors on the formation of the anatomical structure of Pinetum sylvestris myrtilloso-tufosum on a drained peatland
Authors: Zaytsev D A , Chudakov A V , Danilov D A , Belyaeva N V
Published: July 2020

This paper investigated wood structure formation of pure pine stands (Pinus sylvestris L.) depending on meteorological indicators. Influence of average temperature and sum of precipitation on wood structure at the level of annual growth and at the level of xylem cellular structure is presented. Three series of experimental objects in the boreal zone of the European part of Russia was observed: naturally formed mature stands, plots passed by thinning, plots passed by thinning with the fertilizers application. It is shown that fluctuations of average temperature have a more significant role in the formation of the zone of early wood than late wood. Statistical analysis has determined that the effect of average temperature and precipitation factors on the formation of macrostructure elements of wood is higher in the naturally formed stands, than in the stands that have been treated. It was identified that thinning and application of fertilizers increase the role of meteorological factors influence on changes in the number of xylem cells in annual growth. At the same time, the size of xylem cells and the thickness of cell walls are in a more significant correlation with weather factors in stands unaffected by treating.
Automatization of forest ecosystems sustainability estimation based on complex modelling and Earth observation data
Authors: Zelentsov V , Brovkina O , Pimanov I , Potryasaev S
Published: July 2020

The paper considers methods and information technologies for full automatization of forest ecosystems sustainability estimation. Analysis of forest ecosystem sustainability is explored as a multi-objective problem with applying a complex of models for calculating partial indicators of sustainability. Earth observation (EO) data is used as an essential component of information support for estimating forest ecosystems sustainability indicators. Methodological framework of automatization consists of complex modelling, application of models qualimetry methods for selecting specific calculation models, and methods for multi-criteria analysis to estimate generalized indicators of sustainability. A software architecture is proposed in order to implement procedures of complex modelling with integrated processing EO and field data.
Study on the Spatio-temporal Differences of Water Pollution in Shandong Province from 2010 to 2017
Authors: Wang Xiaowei
Published: July 2020

Water is the source of life. Water is not only the main component of the body, but also many physiological functions. Water resources are the basic resources and basic conditions on which humans depend. This paper uses the data of Shandong Statistical Yearbook (2011-2019) and ArcGIS spatial analysis technology to study the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of water pollution in Shandong Province from the perspective of wastewater. The results show that the wastewater discharge from 2010 to 2017 shows an overall upward and downward trend. In 2015, compared with 2010, the wastewater discharge increased by a net increase of 113.158 million tons, with an average annual increase rate of 5.22%. In 2015, the amount of wastewater discharged was reduced by 50.346 million tons, with an average annual decline rate of 4.58%. From the time distribution characteristics of water pollution in Shandong Province, the wastewater discharge in Weifang, Qingdao, and Jining accounts for 29.20% of the province’s wastewater discharge. The water pollution in the central region is more serious, showing a heavy-light pollution distribution. At present, lightly polluted flower arrangement enclaves appear. From the perspective of the spatial distribution characteristics of water pollution in Shandong Province, the gaps between severe water pollution conditions in different cities have gone from increasing to decreasing. The water pollution situation in the province is obvious, the distribution of cold and hot spots is obvious, and Qingdao is a waste water discharge hot spot (Z = 2.24> 2.0), Weihai is a cold spot area for wastewater discharge (z = -1.11 <-1.0).
Study on Sludge Characteristics of Lead and Zinc Smelting Acid and Sewage
Authors: Zhang Hua
Published: July 2020

Taking the lead and zinc smelting acid and sewage as the research object, the indicators of sludge moisture content, leaching concentration, corrosivity, phase, chemical composition, soluble salt dissolution rate were tested. The lead and zinc smelting acid and sewage was dried to different temperature, then the leaching toxicity and corrosivity of the original samples were measured, and the arsenic and selenium of the sludge was analyzed by the effects of leaching toxicity and corrosivity at different temperatures. The conclusions show that when lead and zinc sludge were mixed, with the temperature of 160 °C, the leaching concentrations of arsenic and selenium are lower than the leaching toxicity standard, and the pH value is between 2.5-12.5, which is lower than the corrosive standard.
Advances in bioremediation of cadmium-contaminated soils
Authors: Wang Xinshuai , Yu Guo , Lin Hua , Jiang Pingping , Zhang Yan , Liu Yan , Wang Ziwei
Published: July 2020

Cadmium not only threatens the normal growth of plants, but also causes serious harm to human health through the food chain. In order to reduce the impact of cadmium pollution on the ecological environment, contaminated soil must be treated. This paper summarizes the current situation of soil Cd pollution in China, the main areas and sources of Cd pollution. We also analyze the characteristics of soil Cd pollution, introduces and reviews the physical and chemical technology, bioremediation technology, ecological remediation and combined remediation technology currently used to treat soil Cd pollution, in order to provide scientific reference for further research in this field.
Research on Obstacle Avoidance of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle in Virtual Environment
Authors: Li Yixin , Zhang Minge
Published: July 2020

With the continuous development and progress of science and technology, the use of virtual environment technology to simulate obstacle avoidance of autonomous underwater vehicles has gradually become a mainstream trend. For this reason, a new type of system has been developed, that is, a visual simulation system for obstacle avoidance of autonomous underwater vehicles. This article analyzed the overall structure of the visual simulation system for AUV obstacle avoidance and the simulation method in the virtual environment, utilized Multigen Creator to conduct AUV modeling, and then used Vega software to establish a three-dimensional ocean scene and set the corresponding target points and object obstacles. Through simulation, it was found that the currently established virtual obstacle avoidance system was very similar to the real environment, and could accurately simulate the underwater obstacle avoidance movement of the vehicle. In the whole process, it could give full play to the function of obstacle avoidance algorithm to the greatest extent, and really provide a certain reference for the obstacle avoidance of related vehicles.
Research on spillover effect of industrial agglomeration and haze pollution in China
Authors: Cao Xiaoxi , Zhao Hong , Ma Tao
Published: July 2020

Based on the samples of 31 provinces (cities, autonomous regions) in China from 2000 to 2016, this paper studies the correlation and spillover of industrial agglomeration and haze pollution. The results show that: (1) the spillover effect of industrial agglomeration and haze pollution is obvious. Haze pollution is mainly high-high agglomeration and low low-low agglomeration, showing stability. (2) Haze pollution is also more serious in areas with high industrial concentration, and the two show correlation and consistency. Based on this, This paper suggests that the complementary mechanism of haze prevention and control should be improved to better strengthen regional cooperation and achieve the best effect of coordinated management of regional joint prevention and control.
Air Quality Prediction Based on Neural Network Model of Long Short-term Memory
Authors: Du Zhehua , Lin Xin
Published: July 2020

Air pollution is a serious environmental problem, which has caused more and more concern all over the world. At present, research focuses on air quality prediction, usually using the following two methods: deterministic method and statistical method. Due to the unreliability of pollutant emission data and incomplete theoretical basis, the prediction accuracy of simulation results of these two methods is low, and these methods do not take into account the problem of time loss. In order to solve the problems of low prediction accuracy, low efficiency, and missing time factors in current air quality prediction research, a simple air quality prediction method LSTM neural network model is proposed. According to the characteristics of time series, the problem of multiple input time variables can be well solved. The datasets in two cities respectively prove that LSTM neural network model can effectively improve the accuracy of air quality prediction. The model can also be used to predict other multivariable input time series. Although air quality prediction based on LSTM presented in this paper has achieved the expected goal, there is still room for improvement in considering both spatial correlation and temporal dimension.
Summary of Flue Gas Purification and Treatment Technology for Domestic Waste Incineration
Authors: Li Hao-Ming , Zhang Ning , Guo Xuan , Dou Ming-Yuan , Feng Qing , Zou Shuai , Huang Fu-Chuan
Published: July 2020

Incineration technology is widely used in the world as a domestic waste treatment technology. The reason is that the incineration technology can reduce the weight of the treated domestic waste by 80% and the capacity by more than 90%, which is of great significance to the realization of the management goal of domestic waste treatment. However, the problem of flue gas pollution will occur when the waste incineration technology is used to treat the waste. The main harmful substances in the flue gas generated by waste incineration include: smoke, dioxin, SO2, NOx, heavy metal and other pollutants. Therefore, the flue gas can only be discharged into the atmosphere after proper technical treatment and meeting the national emission standards. This paper summarizes the domestic and foreign technologies of waste incineration flue gas purification and treatment, and puts forward suggestions for the development of domestic waste incineration flue gas purification and treatment technology.
Summary of the treatment technology of heavy metals in livestock and poultry breeding waste
Authors: Li Hao-Ming , Zhang Ning , Guo Xuan , Dou Ming-Yuan , Feng Qing , Zou Shuai , Huang Fu-Chuan
Published: July 2020

With the intensive and large-scale development of livestock and poultry breeding industry in China, the amount of livestock and poultry waste is increasing year by year, and the environmental pollution caused by it is increasingly serious. There are a lot of heavy metals in livestock and poultry waste, which not only cause serious pollution to the environment, but also reduce the safety of agricultural products, and pose a threat to human health. Therefore, the livestock and poultry waste must be treated by appropriate technology, after removing heavy metals, it can be used as a resource in the future. This paper summarizes the technologies of heavy metal treatment of livestock and poultry waste, and puts forward suggestions for the development of heavy metal treatment technology of livestock and poultry waste.
ETV analysis of earthworm composting technology in municipal sludge
Authors: Wang Lin , Wang Desheng , Wang Yuanfei , Zheng Guoxia , Wang Milan , Liu Zhiguo
Published: July 2020

Earthworm composting technology can reduce the excess sludge of sewage treatment plant and treat it with resources. According to the procedure of environmental technology verification, this paper tests and analyzes the environmental protection effect and environmental impact of earthworm composting technology scientifically, objectively and fairly. The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals and the number of fecal coliforms in earthworm dung met the limit requirements of the “Organic Fertilizer“(NY 525-2012), and the moisture content, organic matter concentration and total nutrients in earthworm dung did not meet the limit requirements of the “Organic Fertilizer”(NY 525-2012), so it was not suitable to be used directly. It is used as an organic fertilizer, and the mass reduction rate of the mixture after earthworm composting is more than 45%; the sludge treatment capacity (dry weight meter) of the process is 0.24 kg·m−2·d−1, the yield of earthworm dung (dry weight meter) is 0.06 kg·m−2·d−1, and the yield of earthworm (dry weight meter) is 0.02 kg·m−2·d−1. The reduction effect of earthworm composting process on organic waste (sludge and straw), the concentration of heavy metals and the number of Fecal coliform, all the indicators can meet the verification statement of the enterprise.
Overview of the application of active noise control technology in the indoor acoustic environment
Authors: Dong Junyan , Fu Yupi , Zheng Bomin , Li Kechao , Qu Jichen
Published: July 2020

Passive noise reduction technology is not enough to improve the acoustic comfort of the indoor acoustic environment. This paper discusses the application prospects of active noise control technology in the indoor acoustic environment, studies the principle and development status of active noise control technology, describes the determinants of the effect about the active noise control and the application prospects in the indoor acoustic environment, and points out the current problems to be solved in the research and future research directions.
Mitigating air problems and producing renewable energy with solar downdraft tower
Authors: Yang Liu , Li Zhou
Published: July 2020

Over the past three decades, China, especially in the megacity areas, has suffered from air pollution and heavy haze with its decades-long burst of economic growth and rapidly expanding clout as an industrial giant. The important two elements of air pollutant in China are the fine particles (PM 2.5-PM 10) and non-natural greenhouse gases. To overcome these problems, in this study, we propose a novel inversion solar chimney approach for mitigating the air pollution and haze problems in the megacities of China by using water to scavenge air pollution through spraying water into the atmosphere. For a water drop floating in air or falling through air, the sensible heat of air would transfer to the latent heat of droplets and will cause a decrease in drop size. In a quite short transient time, the droplet evaporates and cools down to air ‘wet-bulb’ temperature. The Direct air capture devices (DAC) are installed at the bottom of the solar downdraft tower to reduce the CO2 in the atmosphere.
Research on Energy Conservation for Industry in China
Authors: Liu Ren , Wang Zhonghang , Chen Haihong , Yang Jie
Published: July 2020

The period of “the 13th Five-Year Plan” will be a decisive stage to build the moderately prosperous society and achieve the first “Centenary Goal”, and a critical period to promote overall economic transformation and upgrading and embark on the new industrialization road. New development stage and idea will have a profound influence on Chinese economy, society and culture, from which a comprehensive and profound transform is being fostered. Building the modern, high-end and low-carbon industrial development pattern in line with Chinese benefits should be necessary to create the economically-upgrading and industrially-transformed development in China. Industry, as the most important department for energy consumption in China, has been the priority for promoting energy consumption reform and energy conservation and emission reduction in China. How to make further progress by virtue of transformation development of the industry is also an important proposition to be faced.
Vulnerability Assessment of Regional Water Resources
Authors: Chang Leran , Chen Ganqin , Cao Shengle , Zheng Congqi
Published: July 2020

This paper established the regional water resources vulnerability impact factor system by selecting the impact factors and screening out the key factors based on principal component analysis and DPSIR model. Then combing with multipolar fuzzy pattern recognition model and improved fuzzy clustering iterative model, the regional water resource vulnerability assessment model was proposed. Taking Jinan city as an example, the results of water resource vulnerability assessment from 2000 to 2016 show that the water resource status of Jinan city has gone from bad to good, then to worse, and finally slowly getting better.
Power purchase optimization strategy of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., LTD.
Authors: Tang Chenghui , Xu Yu , Fang Jianliang , Jiang Wei , Zhang Fan
Published: July 2020

During the marketization process of electricity purchase and power generation, some users such as urban and rural residents still purchase power from the power utility, which don’t need or are not ready to participate in the market. To meet the power demand of these users, grid utility need to purchase power from the units that belong to priority power generation. This part of power purchase of grid utility should ensure reasonable returns under the requirements of the policy. The power purchase optimization strategy of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., LTD. is proposed in this paper, which is consistent with the current situation and reform background in Zhejiang Province.
Study on Energy Planning and Energy Saving Analysis of Cooling and Heating Load of a Building Complex
Authors: Zhou Yujuan , Li Kai
Published: July 2020

With the rapid development of the construction industry, the demand for energy is also expanding rapidly. The cooling and heating load in the building consumes a lot of energy, which is an important part of the building energy consumption. This paper takes the actual project as an example, under the guidance of the relevant national laws and regulations, analyzes the energy endowment provided by the surrounding environment of the project, and predicts and analyzes the demand of cooling and heating load of the project, so as to further put forward the energy planning scheme of cooling and heating load of the project and analyze its energy saving effect.
The Advantage of 3D Design of Mine Gas Drainage Borehole
Authors: Lian Jie
Published: July 2020

Coal and gas outburst is the sudden release of in-situ stress, and the release intensity is beyond people’s control. The measures to prevent and control coal and gas outburst are to build a safety barrier for the mining and excavation face by means of prevention and control engineering, construction of gas drainage borehole, artificial release of ground stress or reduction of the sudden high-intensity release of underground potential damage energy. The design of coal mine gas drainage boreholes under two-dimensional and three-dimensional conditions will be quite different. Through comparison, it can be seen that the borehole design based on three-dimensional modeling can play a better role in prevention and control of coal and gas outburst.
Intelligent Building Equipment Control Technology and Energy Saving Analysis
Authors: Ma XiaoXue , Wang Xiaotong
Published: July 2020

In the process of rapid urbanization in China, the proportion of buildings’ energy consumption is increasing, and the contradiction between energy and development is becoming increasingly prominent. On the basis of realizing its intelligent and comfortable goals, intelligent buildings have attracted wide attention from society due to their large operational performance. The research on energy saving of intelligent buildings has become an important direction for energy conservation research. The energy consumption of intelligent building equipment operation accounts for about 60% of energy consumption, which has become the main energy consumption object of intelligent buildings. This paper takes building equipment operation control as the research object, and introduces the energy saving ideas of building intelligent systems from the perspective of energy saving control, including energy saving control of building equipment, energy saving control of cold and heat sources, energy saving control of lighting, etc., and points out the future development direction of energy saving in intelligent buildings.
Numerical simulation of dynamic characteristics of bituminite-fired boiler after mixing lignite for combustion
Authors: Wang Zemin
Published: July 2020

If the lignite is mixed for combustion in the bituminous-fired boilers in a power plant, less primary air volume is required to avoid burner nozzle coking due to the high volatility of lignite. Stimulate the boiler’s dynamic field under the design conditions after reducing primary air rate using the Fluent software, and analyze the diameter of the tangent circle in the furnace and the process of primary air’s stiffness attenuation. The result shows that as the primary wind rate and speed decrease, the dynamic field in the furnace changes greatly, while the speed of the adherent wind increases, and the wall brushing phenomenon occurs. In order to ensure a dynamic field in the furnace, it is necessary to place a central cross partition to increase the rigidity of the primary air, and to prevent the primary air from decaying too quickly or deflecting towards the wall. The result can be used as a reference for the design and modification of the same type of boiler burner.
Research and development of viscosity reducer for oil well production fluid in cold transportation
Authors: Ma Zhi , Wang Changfeng , Qin Zhonghai , Gao Xiaolong , Wei Lili , Su Na , Huang Danqing , Xie Juan , Zhu Zhiguo , Zhou Donghuan
Published: July 2020

In view of the situation that heavy oil well production fluid needs to be gathered and transferred by heating or with heat water to ensure the normal operation, a kind of cold transportation viscosity reducer was developed through the compounding of different types of surfactants and the screening of functional additives, which adapt to the oil well produced fluid without heating or watering gathering process, for saving energy, reducing consumption and increasing efficiency, while meeting the environmental needs. After on-site practical applications of 30 pipelines with different physical properties of crude oil, the average pressure of gathering pipelines dropped 1.3 Mpa, which has achieved good results. Application results show that the cold transportation viscosity reducer has strong adaptability and less usage, and it has no influence on demulsification, while having a high value of applications and a broad market prospect.
Modeling and Analysis of Short-Circuit Fault Current for MMC-HVDC Grid with DC Circuit Breaker
Authors: Jia Haipeng , Yin Jingyuan , Wei Tongzhen , Li Jinke , Wu Lixin
Published: July 2020

DC line fault is one of the important factors restricting the development of flexible DC system. DC circuit breaker is an effective means to realize the short circuit fault isolation on DC side of flexible DC system. Therefore, it is necessary to add DCCB into the short-circuit current calculation and modeling of MMC-HVDC power grid for comprehensive analysis. Firstly, the external characteristics of the hybrid HVDC circuit breaker and the modular multilevel converter (MMC) are modelled. Then, the modeling of short-circuit fault current in different stages was analysed. The analysis method of short circuit fault current of four-terminal MMC system with DC circuit breaker is obtained. Finally, the simulation results and the calculation results are compared and results show the effectiveness of the short-circuit calculation method proposed by this paper.
Analysis of belt bridge mode and blasting vibration response spectrum in a mine
Authors: Liu Fangfang , He Lihua , Li Xianglong
Published: July 2020

With the wide application of blasting technology, people pay more and more attention to the impact of blasting vibration on the surrounding environment and buildings. To blasting vibration analysis and evaluation of the effect on the stability of the skip shaft, belt bridge based on the large finite element analysis software ANSYS Workbench entity unit model, the belt of the bridge structure modal frequency and applying 2 cm/s numerical simulation of blasting vibration load was the response of the study. The calculation results show that the maximum stress value is 0.0063 MPa, belt bridge in belt bridge at the top of the column, in the concrete design tensile strength of 1.43 MPa. The maximum strain of the belt bridge is 5.05×10-8, which is within the allowable elastic deformation range of the building, and is far less than the ultimate tensile strain of C40 concrete 1×10-4. The skip well is in a stable state.
The research progress of water treatment technology on recirculated cooling water
Authors: Liu Zhan , Li Na , Yan Meifang , Guo Ruiya , Liu Zhenfa
Published: July 2020

The treatment technology of circulating cooling water used in industry is summarized, and the existing problems are discussed. Then, a new environmentally friendly treatment technology of circulating cooling water-physical-chemical combined water treatment technology is introduced. Combined water treatment technology is more in line with the basic requirements of China’s sustainable development strategy. It is an important direction of circulating water treatment to study and optimize the current circulating water treatment technology.
Research on Roof Management Technology of Mining in Shallow Buried Coal Seam use Continuous Miner
Authors: Tao Du
Published: July 2020

For the difficulty in managing the roof of mining under the shallow buried coal seams by continuous miner, the technical principles and effects of roof management technologies such as coal pillar support, artificial forced roofing and mining with backfilling were systematically analyzed. This paper has studied the advantages and disadvantages of different roof management methods. The results show that the reasonable reservation of coal pillars can effectively manage the roof, but the mining face has a low recovery rate; effective manual forced roofing can reasonably control the roof cave and increase the mining face recovery rate; mining with backfilling can effectively prevent the large area of the roof from caving, significantly increase the recovery rate of the working face, and can reduce or even avoid surface subsidence.
Does China’s carbon emission trading policy alleviate urban carbon emissions?
Authors: Feng Yu
Published: July 2020

The essence of carbon emission right is a legalized right, and carbon emission right trading is to commercialize this right based on the market. This paper uses panel data of 226 prefecture-level cities in China from 2007 to 2016 as samples to examine the effect and mechanism of carbon emission trading policies on urban carbon emission intensity. The study found that the carbon emission trading policy has a significant promotion of reducing carbon emission, with the adjustment of industrial structure and energy-saving emission reduction methods. It can effectively reduce the city’s carbon emission.
A Study on the Development of Container Sea-rail Intermodal Transport of Xiamen Port in the Context of National Logistics Hub
Authors: Sun Xiaoqing , Luo Binlan
Published: July 2020

Container sea-rail intermodal transport has the characteristics of low cost, low emission and large scale, and has become one of the important indicators to measure port development. Xiamen has been identified as the strategic fulcrum city of the 21st century Maritime Silk Road, national logistics hub of port type, and Xiamen Port will have great opportunities for development. But, the development of container sea-rail intermodal transport of Xiamen Port is still in the period of market cultivation, and the development level is relatively backward. This paper analyzes the problems in the development of Xiamen Port container sea-rail intermodal transport in terms of railway transport, port operation, shipping company and the construction of information system for rail sea intermodal transport, and put forward the development measures include constructing the railway trunk line and the railway branch lines in port area, building the operation platform for combined transport, paying attention to the source of goods for long-distance and so on. Also, this paper puts forward some implementation plans, such as strengthening organization and coordination mechanism, cultivating leading enterprises, strengthening investment promotion.
Application of membrane separation technology in water treatment process
Authors: Wu Qingbo , Chen Qiuling
Published: July 2020

Water is the source of life. With the development of economy, China has paid more attention to water pollution and adopted a series of scientific solutions. Following the situation, membrane separation technology has made great progress in the research and application of water treatment. In this paper, the principle of membrane separation and the process of membrane separation are briefly introduced, and then the application of membrane separation technology in drinking water purification, industrial wastewater treatment and desalination engineering is introduced, and the discussion and summary are made according to the application.
Research on Gas Diffusion Law of Coal Mine Roadway Based on Gauss Plume Model
Authors: Nie Zhen , Ma Hongwei , Zhang Yishu
Published: July 2020

The gas environment of coal mine is complex, so it is urgent to monitor gas automatically and accurately through fixed instruments and mobile equipment. Combine with gas diffusion theory, a gas concentration prediction method based on the Gauss plume model was proposed, and the gas diffusion model in coal mine roadway was constructed. According to the virtual image source method, the influence of boundary reflection on gas diffusion was introduced, and the gas diffusion coefficient was modified by genetic algorithm. The results of simulation analysis and actual data analysis indicate that this method can reveal the gas distribution law of coal mine roadway, besides it can improve the real-time, convenience and reliability of gas concentration detection in the roadway.
Research on Data Analysis of a Long Slope Wireless Monitoring
Authors: Yang Xin , Jiang Shihao
Published: July 2020

Slope collapse is one of the most important hazards faced by most water conservancy projects. Due to the long transmission distance and unstable data transmission of existing monitoring methods, the slope safety analysis and evaluation have a great impact. Based on slope design and safety monitoring, this paper proposes to use wireless acquisition and transmission technology to carry out safety monitoring on long slopes, to further improve the accuracy of data, expand the application scope of slope monitoring. And it has been successfully applied in slope monitoring of a water conservancy project.
Risk Element Identification of Grid Communication System Based on Improved Bayesian Network under SG and UPIOT
Authors: Yue Yunli , Jia Xuefeng , Li Cunbin
Published: July 2020

Now, Smart Grid and Ubiquitous Power Internet of Things are booming in China. The degree of coupling between the grid and the power communication system determines the degree of development of Smart Grid and Ubiquitous Electric Internet of Things. The rapid growth of Smart Grid has resulted in the risk transfer of Smart Grid Communication Systems with many levels and a strong correlation of indicators. This paper sorts out the risk indicators and provides a three-layer risk transfer network considering equipment, environment, business and operational dimension. Moreover, the triangular fuzzy number and DS evidence theory are used to assign the Bayesian network root node probability. At last, this paper identifies the risk element of SGCS and proposes preventive measures.
An Emergency Control Method for Wind-Thermal Bundled System
Authors: Li Yifan , Huang Shaofeng
Published: July 2020

Wind and thermal power bundling is an effective means to solve the problem of power delivery from energy bases. In this paper, an emergency control method for wind-thermal bundled system is proposed. After the system is out of step, the stability of the system can be assessed quickly by using phase measurement unit (PMU) data and the power angle threshold can be determined. When the power angle threshold is reached, using power electronic equipment quickly to exchange the connection by disconnecting the primary side phase of the line at the synchronizer outlet. Then, the A, B, C three-phase series are connected to the C, a, B three-phase series, and the angle is reduced by 120°instantaneously. This preventing the system from falling out-of-step while maintaining the integrity of the system and the inertia level. The higher the wind power permeability, the better the performance of the proposed control method is. A case study is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The sizing and siting of Distributed Generation for mitigating voltage sags
Authors: Ma Li , Liu TaoFeng , Dong PengYuan , Liu Zhi , Gao ShuPing
Published: July 2020

Voltage sags have a major concern in the distribution systems. With the large number of distributed generations connected to the distribution networks, the complexity of distribution networks increases gradually. Thus, how to ensure the minimum damage caused by voltage sags has been the focus of research. In order to effectively mitigate voltage sags and satisfy the grid-connection control requirements of distributed generations, the sizing and siting optimization model of distributed generations is proposed in this paper. The investment and operation cost of distributed generations and mitigating voltage sags on sensitive load are comprehensively considered in this model. To reasonably evaluate economic losses of sensitive load caused by voltage sags in a grid, a novel voltage sags frequency indicator is proposed and the line faults are considered in this indicator. The proposed method is validated by IEEE 33 system and its correctness and reliability are also proved.
Corrosion and Protection of Galvanized Steel in Power Grid
Authors: Tan Xiaomeng , Xing Jingshu , Chen Hao , Zhang Tao
Published: July 2020

Galvanized steel is widely used in power grid, the failure of these steel components will seriously threaten the safe operation of the grid. In this paper, transmission tower angle steel and connecting bolts were investigated by means of macro-inspection, zinc coating measurement, energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS). Then the corrosion mechanism and behavior of galvanized steel have been investigated and the protection measures were proposed. The results show that the zinc coating is corroded quickly in the high sulfur environment; corrosion failure of zinc coating on the aluminum-steel dissimilar metal connecting bolt can accelerate the corrosion of the aluminum connecting plate.
Fault Diagnosis and Detection Based on Efficiency Loss Test of Photovoltaic Power Station
Authors: Xie Xiangying , Meng Fanteng , Luo Xin , Cai Shixia , Ma Xiaoguang , Na Zhixiong , Ma Dayan , Shan Yu , Ge Leyi , Liu Yunchao
Published: July 2020

The existing operation and maintenance system of photovoltaic power station can analyze partial equipment problems, but due to the data storage, processing and transmission capacity can hardly meet the requirements of a large number of operation data acquisitions and processing of photovoltaic power station, the operation status of photovoltaic power station cannot be comprehensively evaluated. This paper proposes to analyze the overall efficiency and key link efficiency of the photovoltaic system through long-term monitoring, extract the efficiency model parameters of the key components and important links of the photovoltaic power station, and establish the performance evaluation implementation process. At the same time, based on different actual detection conditions, photovoltaic fault diagnosis is carried out by time domain reflectometry, prediction theory comparison and sensor optimization.
Study on Synthesis Method of Biodiesel from Epoxy Gutter Oil
Authors: Xu Lidong , Gu Guizhou , Li Zheng
Published: July 2020

Using waste oil biodiesel as raw material, using formic acid as oxygen carrier, using trace concentrated sulfuric acid as catalyst, epoxy waste oil biodiesel was prepared without solvent. The effects of the dosage of formic acid, hydrogen peroxide, reaction time and reaction temperature on the epoxidation of biodiesel were investigated. The results showed that the epoxy value of biodiesel was 5.56% and the conversion rate was 80.03% after 3.5h reaction at 500 r/min speed and 50 °C reaction temperature according to the mass ratio of biodiesel, 30% hydrogen peroxide, 88% formic acid and concentrated sulfuric acid of 15:13.5:2. 9:0.075.
The impact of urban development upon the quality of drinking water sources: Evidence from China
Authors: Yang Jing , Chen Tong-Sheng , Sun Qiang , Huang Bao-Yuan , Ren SI-Jing
Published: July 2020

The extent of urban development and human activities may affect the water quality of drinking water sources in different ways. In this study, drinking water sources in different districts and counties of Qingyuan City, China were determined as the study areas, and the correlation between urban development and water quality index was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results showed that: 1) A statistically significant correlation was found between the extent of urban development and part of the water quality index. Specifically, the correlation between the gross annual value of industrial and agricultural production, household registration index and water quality index was the strongest. The fecal coliform index was most affected by the extent of urban development; 2) A function describing the relation between the urban development index and the water quality index was obtained by multiple regression analysis; 3) A certain significant correlation was found among the water quality indexes of drinking water sources in Qingyuan. Most of the water quality parameters were strongly correlated, which could provide a scientific basis for parameter selection in the future water source automatic monitoring.
Fault Analysis of Abnormal Opening of the Main Landing Gear Door of Civil Aircraft
Authors: Liu Wenwen
Published: July 2020

The main landing gear door is an important component of the landing gear system. The system is in a state of failure and will not play the role of extending and retracting when the door extension/retraction fault. This article analyzes the main landing gear door extension/retraction principle and fault cause of civil aircraft, deeply studies the control process and logic of the Uplock, and improves the understanding of the landing gear door extension/retraction system.
Structure selection and structure analysis of China publishing creative center
Authors: Zhang Xiaomeng , Liu Wenting , Wang Ying , Liu Xiang
Published: July 2020

The China publishing creative center covers 100,000 square meters, which is composed of two towers and one podium. The building is divided into three parts through structural joints. The structural system of the two towers is the frame-core tube, while the podium is the frame structure. Through the selection of different structural systems, the selection and construction of structural systems are analyzed. Through structural calculation and optimization, the consumption of concrete and steel bars should be reduced as much as possible to reduce the impact on the environment.
Impact of rapid urbanization on temporal and spatial pattern change of heavy rainfall in China during the past 60 years
Authors: Feng Kong
Published: July 2020

Through the study of the daily heavy rainfall observation records of 659 meteorological stations in China from 1951 to 2010, we find that rapid urbanization may trigger the significant increase of large-scale heavy rainfall in China. The main conclusions are as follows: Decadal heavy rainfall amounts (HRA), heavy rainfall days (HRD) and heavy rainfall intensity (HRI) in China have increased significantly, with an increase of 68.71%, 60.15% and 11.52% respectively, and the increase of station number is 84.22%, 84.22% and 54.48% respectively, showing a time change process of “rapid slow re rapid increase” and a spatial change from Southeast Coast to Central, Southwest, North and Northeast China. The rapid urbanization factors, including the output value of the second industry (GDP2), the proportion of urban population (UP) and the annual average haze days (HD), are likely to be the main reasons for the increase of heavy rainfall in China. Their variance explanations for the HRA, HRD and HRI in China are 61.54%, 58.48% and 65.54% respectively, of which the variance explanations for the heavy rainfall rainfall, rainy day and rain intensity are respectively high only by haze 25.93%, 22.98% and 26.64% respectively, while the variance interpretation of climate factors, including WPSH, ENSO, AMO and AAO, is only 24.30%, 26.23% and 21.92% respectively. Compared with the forcing factors of rapid urbanization, the impact of these climate factors is only 1/3 of the former. The panel data of the annual mean of the total population and visibility days at the county level in China are significantly related to the HRA, HRD and HRI in China. The spatial correlation coefficient gradually increased from 1950s to 2000s, that is, the total population at the county level increased from 0.35, 0.36 and 0.40 to 0.54, 0.55 and 0.58 respectively, and the annual mean of visibility days increased from 0.36, 0.38 and 0.48 to 0.55, 0.57 and 0.58. It is further indicated that the rapid urbanization triggered the significant increase of heavy rainfall in China.
Evaluate of vegetation value for reconstruction and extension project of expressway
Authors: Hu Chao , Li Chen , Zhao Ran , Li Yunpeng
Published: July 2020

A large number of artificial or natural vegetation grow on the both sides of expressway, which play an important role in automobile gas purification and environmental protection. With the development of transportation, more and more reconstruction and extension projects spread up all over the country. However, those valuable biological resources are usually handled by rough means, which cause a waste of resources and damage of environment. Based on this, this paper intends to carry out roadside vegetation protection research in combination with the actual reconstruction and extension project of expressway. Evaluations of the roadside vegetation value are discussed and proposed. Results could provide reference for the roadside vegetation protection for reconstruction and extension project of expressway.
Research on the Architectural Design Strategies Based on the 2019 Evaluation Standard for Green Building of China
Authors: Fang Yuan , Liu Yu , Wang Zida , Paerhati Yilizhati , Liu Zhixia
Published: July 2020

On August 1, 2019, China’s 2019 version of the Evaluation Standard for Green Building GB/T50378 (ESGB2019) was implemented formally. How to develop design strategies base on this standard in order to guide or control green building design is explored in this paper. Firstly, 62 indexes in ESGB2019 which are directly related to architectural design realm are extracted; then the extracted indexes are classified into six categories according to different aspects of building design;finally, possible ways to extract or establish design strategies relating to the two types of extracted indexes are discussed. The result are expected to provide assistants for architects in designing green buildings that would meet the requirements of ESGB2019.
Research on Construction of Standard System for Development of Green Economy in Hainan Province
Authors: Hou Shan , Xu Bingsheng , Lin Ling , Zhang Lijia , Zhao Xuezhi , Liu Jing , Pan Ke
Published: July 2020

The research on green system in Hainan Province aims to analyze the development trends, standardization status and problems in related fields at home and abroad by investigating the policy mechanism and pilot operation of ecological civilization construction and sustainable development and the standardization in green development fields in China and abroad. This paper further integrates the local practice of green development standardization with the international development trends, puts forward the strategic positioning and layout of standardization in support of ecological civilization construction and green development in Hainan. This paper studies and builds a green standard system that is compatible with the national ecological civilization pilot zone by focusing on key industries in Hainan, clarifies the connotation, boundary and main contents of the standard system for development of green economy in Hainan by study, and also prepares green standard system tables for Hainan, proposes a list of standards adopted and a list of missing standards to form a catalogue of key standards, thus accelerating the establishment and improvement of the standard system for development of green economy in Hainan.
Analysis and Research on Energy Saving and Emission Reduction of Ships
Authors: Dong Xiaoliang
Published: July 2020

At present, China’s marine industry is in a period of vigorous development, which means more and more ships are produced on the market. Ships are the main driving force for the development of the marine industry, but they also cause many problems, especially the marine ecological problem, marine pollution has become an important factor restricting the development of the marine cause. It is urgent to protect the marine ecology. In other words, to actively develop energy-saving and emission reduction technologies for marine diesel engines is in line with the long-term development needs of marine undertakings. For diesel engines that play a key role in ship driving, effective energy saving and emission reduction technologies are proposed from the aspects of improving the fuel combustion process, using alternative fuels, emission control and exhaust gas treatment, and comprehensive energy utilization, in order to truly realize the expected Provide reference for energy saving and emission reduction targets.
Economic analysis of expressway building envelope in cold area based on RSM
Authors: Huang Cuicui , Wen Zhimei
Published: July 2020

The DeST-c energy consumption simulation software was used to build the building model based on the toll station and service area building in expressway of Zhangjiakou in the cold area, simulates and calculates the impact of single factor on energy consumption, and carries out economic analysis based on life cycle theory to determine the level of influencing factors. Finally, the BBD test design method and the orthogonal test design method were used to design the test scheme respectively and the economic analysis of the comprehensive thermal performance of the envelope structure, and the optimal energy saving scheme of the comprehensive thermal performance of the building envelope in the cold area was obtained.