bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Have epilepsy outcomes changed for children with tuberous sclerosis complex in Queensland, Australia?
Authors: Braun Melissa , Riney Kate
Published: July 2024

Objective

Historically, epilepsy has been the most frequently presenting feature of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Advances in TSC health care have occurred over the past decade; thus, we studied whether TSC epilepsy outcomes have changed.

Method

A retrospective chart review was undertaken for all children with TSC in Queensland, Australia. Epilepsy outcome and TSC diagnosis data were extracted, and data were compared between children born before 2012 with those born in or after 2012.

Results

In this retrospective cohort, TSC diagnosis in children born in or after 2012 is now predominantly antenatal (51%, p < .05). Most patients with epilepsy are now known to have TSC before they develop epilepsy. Despite earlier TSC diagnosis, the frequency of epilepsy (85%) has not changed (p = .92), but diagnosis trends toward an earlier age (median = 3 months for patients born in or after 2012 vs. 5.5 months for those born before 2012, p = .23). Most (95%) patients had focal seizures as their initial clinical seizure type; it was rare (5%) for epileptic spasms (ES) to be the initial seizure type. The frequency of ES was lower in patients born in or after 2012 (36% vs. 50%, p = .27). Infantile (<24 months) onset ES was not associated with worse epilepsy outcome. Late onset ES was seen in 14%, and these patients had a lower rate of epilepsy remission. Lennox–Gastaut syndrome was seen in 7%. Febrile/illness‐related status epilepticus occurred in 12% of patients, between 1 and 4 years of age. Despite many (78%) patients having multiple daily seizures at maximal seizure frequency, and 74% meeting criteria for treatment‐refractory epilepsy, most patients achieved epilepsy remission (66%), either with epilepsy surgery (47%) or with age (53%). At the time of inclusion in this study, only 21% of patients had uncontrolled frequent (daily to 3 monthly) seizures and 14% had uncontrolled infrequent (3 monthly to <2 yearly) seizures.

Significance

This study provides updated information that informs the counseling of parents of newly diagnosed pediatric TSC patients.
Effects of random meso‐defects on fatigue behavior of welded joints: Damage evolution and lifetime prediction
Authors: Xu Mengyue , Huang Xin , Li Shaolin , Qi Hongyu , Yang Xiaoguang , Shi Duoqi
Published: July 2024

Random meso‐scale defects within welded joints can affect the structural damage process and cause dispersion in the fatigue lifetime of welded joints. In this paper, a meso‐scale stochastic damage approach is used to investigate the effect of random, meso‐scale defects on the fatigue damage lifetime of welded joints under different loads. First, we established an elastic–plastic fatigue damage model considering meso‐defects in the weld metal. Secondly, the fatigue lifetimes for gas tungsten arc welding and gas metal arc welding welded joints were predicted, with most of the predictions within the twofold dispersion factor. Thirdly, the Monte Carlo simulation method was used to investigate the influence of meso‐defect size on the fatigue lifetime dispersion degree, and the fatigue lifetime distribution under different loads was statistically analyzed.
High‐beta stock valuation around macroeconomic announcements
Authors: Chen Jingjing , Jiang George J.
Published: July 2024

We document a dramatic swing of high‐beta stock returns around pre‐scheduled macroeconomic announcements—from being negative on the day before, to positive on the day of, and negative again on the day after the announcements. A feasible long‐short strategy of betting against beta (BAB) and betting on beta (BOB) yields annualized 25.28% return over the 3‐day announcement window. We explore potential explanations based on liquidity, risk, and investor risk appetite. Our results show that changes in liquidity, risk, and investor risk appetite around the announcements at best partially account for variations in high‐beta stock returns. The finding of our study highlights the dynamic effect of macroeconomic announcements on asset prices.
In the eye of the storm: Street‐level organizations in circumstances of democratic backsliding
Authors: Gofen Anat
Published: July 2024

Street‐level organizations (SLOs) play a key, but understudied, political role in democratic governance as they are responsible for the direct‐delivery of public services that are vital to the functioning of the state. To discuss the political role of SLOs in general, this study begins by identifying four SLO roles, which are conceptualized here by distinguishing policy‐sphere versus politics‐sphere and “SLOs‐as‐takers” versus “SLOs‐as‐makers.” SLOs' political role in a democratic backsliding and populism context is specified by distinguishing whether SLOs converge to, or diverge from, illiberal policies, and distinguishing reactive and proactive responses. Each of the four responses is elaborated by referring to how SLOs both influence, and are influenced by, populism and democratic backsliding. Shifting attention to the specific context of democratic erosion allows a more nuanced distinction between policy sectors and countries, as well as identifying the ways through which public service provision facilitates or inhibits democratic backsliding.
The visibility paradox: Impediment or benefit to vicarious learning in hybrid work environments?
Authors: Benabid Myriam , Abdalla Mikhaeil Christine
Published: July 2024

Organisations have increasingly adopted enterprise social networks to mitigate the challenges of hybrid work environments for workplace learning, particularly vicarious learning. However, the improved communication visibility intended to facilitate vicarious learning may paradoxically create tensions that could potentially undermine the benefits of communication visibility, recreating the invisibility of knowledge work. Through an in‐depth single qualitative case study at one of the Big Four consulting firms, which serves as a paradigmatic case for hybrid work, we explain how the visibility enabled by enterprise social networks can alleviate or impede vicarious learning in hybrid work environments. We identify three instances of the visibility paradox—performance, information overload, and availability—that create a burden on both knowledge sources and seekers. Consequently, their individual strategic responses render knowledge work invisible, thereby preventing third‐parties from capitalising on the potential benefits of vicarious learning that an enterprise social network could afford.
The electrical properties and in vitro osteogenic properties of 3D‐printed MgO@BT/HA piezoelectric ceramic disk
Authors: Chen Kai , Qin Zhenyao , Zhang Mingjun , Wang Lin , Zheng Shikang , Wang Yingtong , Chen Chuang , Tang Haoyu , Zhong Yuhao , Yang Hongxuan , Wu Guomin
Published: July 2024

The repair of bone defects from various causes remains a significant challenge in clinical settings. Piezoelectric materials have been demonstrated to promote osteogenic differentiation, among which barium titanate (BT) has been widely reported. Magnesium oxide (MgO) dopants not only enhance the piezoelectric properties but also stimulate the osteogenic and angiogenic properties in stem cells. In this study, a MgO‐modified BT/hydroxyapatite (MgO@BT/HA) piezoelectric ceramic scaffold was constructed using three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed technology. The results indicated that the addition of MgO improved the electrical properties of BT (d33 = 68.26 pC/N), and facilitated an increase in the proportion of HA (30%) while maintaining the piezoelectric coefficient (d33 = 2.04 pC/N) of the ceramic system. Furthermore, under the induction of low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) stimulation, in vitro biosafety experiments confirmed that MgO@BT/HA exhibits excellent biosafety and promotes the osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs).
Molecular profile of vestibular compensation in the medial vestibular nucleus after unilateral labyrinthectomy
Authors: Wang Jun , Liu Dan , Tian E. , Zhang Yuejin , Guo Zhaoqi , Chen Jingyu , Guo Jiaqi , Zhou Zhanghong , Shi Shiyu , Lu Yisheng , Zhang Sulin
Published: July 2024

Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as crucial regulators in the central nervous system, yet their role in vestibular compensation remains elusive. To address this knowledge gap, we employed unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL) in rats to establish animal models of peripheral vestibular dysfunction. Utilizing ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA‐seq), we comprehensively analysed the expression profiles of genes dysregulated in the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) of these rats at distinct time points: 4 h, 4 days, and 14 days post‐UL. Through trans‐target prediction analysis integrating differentially co‐expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and lncRNAs, we constructed lncRNA‐mRNA regulatory networks. Validation of selected mRNAs and lncRNAs was performed using RT‐qPCR. Our RNA‐seq analysis revealed significant aberrant expression of 3054 lncRNAs and 1135 mRNAs compared to control samples. By applying weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA), we identified 11 co‐expressed modules encompassing all genes. Notably, within the MEmagenta module, we observed an initial upregulation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 4 h, followed by downregulation at 4‐ and 14‐days post‐UL. Our findings indicated that 3068 lncRNAs positively regulated 1259 DEGs, while 1482 lncRNAs negatively regulated 433 DEGs in the MVN. The RT‐qPCR results corroborated the RNA‐seq data, validating our findings. This study offers novel insights into the lncRNA‐mRNA expression landscape during vestibular compensation, paving the way for further exploration of lncRNA functions in this context.
Cover Image
Authors: Ko Young‐Chang , Lee Jungwon , Urban Istvan , Seol Yang‐Jo , Lee Yong‐Moo , Koo Ki‐Tae
Published: July 2024

The cover image is based on the Original Article The adjunctive effect of polydeoxyribonucleotide on bone formation in alveolar ridge preservation: A pre‐clinical in vivo study by Young‐Chang Ko et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13988.

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Evaluation of the transition program at the University Hospital of Reims from 2015 to 2020
Authors: Chibane Sonia , Berot Aurélie , Lukas‐croisier Céline , Dollez Laure , Barraud Sara , Delemer Brigitte , Vitellius Géraldine
Published: July 2024

The transition of young type 1 diabetic (T1D) patients from pediatric to adult healthcare is a high‐risk period of loss to follow‐up. Since 2015, we have implemented a transition program, involving both pediatric and adult clinicians. The main objective was to evaluate the number of patients who had succeeded this transition program at 1 year. We found that 86% of patients underwent the complete transition program. However, adverse outcomes occurred in 19.1% of patients at 1 year but decreased to 2.9% after 3 years. In 63% of patients their HbA1c level had deteriorated 1 year after the transition day and this level stabilized at around 8% in the following 2 and 3 years. In patients who had improved HbA1c levels the body mass index was lower (P = 0.03) and they lived alone (P = 0.04). Although our program seemed to allow a better follow‐up than previously described, this study highlights the importance of further supporting this transition period.
Parents who migrate without their children: Gendered and psychosocial reconfigurations of parenting in transnational families
Authors: Larrinaga‐Bidegain Nerea , Gemignani Marco , Hernández‐Albújar Yolanda
Published: July 2024

What psychosocial impacts does migrating without children have on parents? How do the reconfigurations of gendered dynamics in transnational families (TFs) affect the well‐being and subjectivities of mothers and fathers in the hosting and sending communities? Through this literature meta‐synthesis, we describe six main areas of concern for parents who migrate without their children: (a) migration and family roles; (b) affects; (c) negotiations of gender, subjectivity, and family expectations; (d) family cohesion, tensions, and arrangements; (e) communication and the digital relational space; and (f) narratives on family reunification. We discuss the ways in which these areas and processes interact with each other within and around TFs. This article contributes to theories on family transnationality and transnational parenting by identifying and discussing specific dynamics of change and possibilities of becoming, which will be helpful to professionals working with TFs and to migrant parents to understand and anticipate likely family challenges.
SERKs serve as co‐receptors for SYR1 to trigger systemin‐mediated defense responses in tomato
Authors: Cho Hyewon , Seo Dain , Kim Minsoo , Nam Bo Eun , Ahn Soyoun , Kang Minju , Bang Geul , Kwon Choon‐Tak , Joo Youngsung , Oh Eunkyoo
Published: July 2024

Systemin, the first peptide hormone identified in plants, was initially isolated from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaves. Systemin mediates local and systemic wound‐induced defense responses in plants, conferring resistance to necrotrophic fungi and herbivorous insects. Systemin is recognized by the leucine‐rich‐repeat receptor‐like kinase (LRR‐RLK) receptor SYSTEMIN RECEPTOR1 (SYR1), but how the systemin recognition signal is transduced to intracellular signaling pathways to trigger defense responses is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that SERK family LRR‐RLKs function as co‐receptors for SYR1 to mediate systemin signal transduction in tomato. By using chemical genetic approaches coupled with engineered receptors, we revealed that the association of the cytoplasmic kinase domains of SYR1 with SERKs leads to their mutual trans‐phosphorylation and the activation of SYR1, which in turn induces a wide range of defense responses. Systemin stimulates the association between SYR1 and all tomato SERKs (SlSERK1, SlSERK3A, and SlSERK3B). The resulting SYR1‐SlSERK heteromeric complexes trigger the phosphorylation of TOMATO PROTEIN KINASE 1B (TPK1b), a receptor‐like cytoplasmic kinase that positively regulates systemin responses. Additionally, upon association with SYR1, SlSERKs are cleaved by the Pseudomonas syringae effector HopB1, further supporting the finding that SlSERKs are activated by systemin‐bound SYR1. Finally, genetic analysis using Slserk mutants showed that SlSERKs are essential for systemin‐mediated defense responses. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the systemin‐mediated association of SYR1 and SlSERKs activates defense responses against herbivorous insects.
Genome sequencing projects reveal new insights into the mammalian Gonadotropin‐releasing Hormone II system
Authors: Morgan Kevin , Millar Robert P.
Published: July 2024

The type II gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH‐II) was first discovered in chicken (Gallus gallus) brain and then shown to be present in many vertebrates. Indeed, its structure is conserved unchanged throughout vertebrate evolution from teleost fish through to mammals suggesting a crucial function. Yet the functional significance has been largely unexplored. Studies in comparative endocrinology show that the GnRH‐II system is differentially functional in mammalian species. Intact GnRH‐II neuropeptide and receptor genes (GnRH2 and GnRH receptor 2 GnRHR2) occur in marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus), musk shrews (Suncus murinus) and pigs (Sus scrofa). However, one or other or both of these genes are inactivated in other species, where mutations or remnants affecting GnRH2 neuropeptide and/or type II GnRHR exons are retained in conserved genomic loci. New data from DNA sequencing projects facilitate extensive analysis of species‐specific variation in these genes. Here, we describe GnRH2 and GnRHR2 genes spanning a collection of 21 taxonomic orders, encompassing around 140 species from Primates, Scandentia, Eulipotyphla, Rodentia, Lagomorpha, Artiodactyla, Carnivora, Perissodactyls, Pholidota, Chiroptera, Afrotheria, Xenarthra and Marsupialia. Intact coding exons for both GnRH2 and GnRHR2 occur in monkeys, tree shrews, shrews, moles, hedgehogs, several rodents (degu, kangaroo‐rat, pocket mouse), pig, pecarry and warthog, camels and alpaca, bears, Weddell seal, hyena, elephant, aardvark and marsupials. Inactivating mutations affecting GnRH2 and GnRHR2, some located at conserved sites within exons, occur in species of primates, most rodents, lagomorphs, bovidae, cetaceans, felidae, canidae and other carnivora, pangolins, most bats, armadillo, brushtail and echidna. A functional GnRH‐II system appears retained within several taxonomic families of mammals, but intact retention does not extend to whole taxonomic orders. Defining how endogenous GnRH‐II neuropeptide operates in different mammals may afford functional insight into its actions in the brain, especially as, unlike the type I GnRH system, it is expressed in the mid brain and not the hypothalamus.
Effect of inhaled aromatherapy on sleep quality in critically ill patients: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Fang Chiu‐Shu , Tu Yu‐Kang , Chou Fan‐Hao , Fang Ching‐Ju , Chang Shih‐Lun
Published: July 2024

Aim

This study aimed to compare the effect of inhaled aromatherapy using various essential oils on the sleep quality of critically ill patients.

Background

Inhalation of essential oils significantly promotes the physiological and psychological health of patients in intensive care units (ICUs). However, research identifying and ranking the effects of different essential oils on the sleep quality of critically ill patients is lacking.

Design

This study followed the PRISMA Extension Statement for Reporting of Systematic Reviews Incorporating Network Meta‐Analyses of Health Care Interventions (PRISMA‐NMA) guidelines.

Methods

A comprehensive search of five databases (Embase, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL and PsycINFO) was conducted from their inception to March 15, 2023 (with an additional eligible study included dated August 14, 2023). Google Scholar was used as a supplementary method. Frequentist NMA was used to determine the effects of various essential oils. Certainty of evidence (CoE) was assessed using Confidence in Network Meta‐Analysis (CINeMA).

Results

A total of 11 trials involving 690 critically ill patients were included in the analysis. The NMA of inhaled aromatherapy revealed that the combination of lavender, Matricaria recutita, and neroli essential oils (ratio 6:2:0.5) resulted in the most significant improvement in sleep quality compared to usual care, followed by Rosa damascene, peppermint, Citrus aurantium, pure sunflower oil and lavender oil alone. The overall CoE for the results was rated as low.

Conclusions

The results of this study indicate that a combination of lavender, Matricaria recutita and neroli essential oils significantly positively affected sleep quality among critically ill patients. Despite the low quality of evidence, inhaled aromatherapy is non‐invasive and easy to use.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Inhaled aromatherapy can effectively improve sleep quality among critically ill patients.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution applies to this work.

Study Registration

The study protocol was registered to the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (protocol number CRD42023433194).
What comes next? A cross‐sectional study on post‐discharge referrals of adolescents treated in emergency services following a suicide attempt
Authors: Souza Danton Matheus de , Treichel Carlos Alberto dos Santos , Ribeiro Lucca Garcia Moreira , Boska Gabriella de Andrade , Rossato Lisabelle Mariano
Published: July 2024

Aim

To assess the proportions and associated factors of different post‐discharge referrals among adolescents treated in the emergency department after a suicide attempt.

Design

Observational, cross‐sectional retrospective study.

Methods

We conducted a study using the medical records of 140 adolescents treated for a suicide attempt between January 2015 and May 2023 in a Brazilian emergency department, focusing on post‐discharge referrals, defined as discharge without referral, unaddressed referral and referral addressed to the network. Associations between the outcomes and other variables were analysed using a Poisson regression model.

Results

Discharges without referrals prevailed, followed by addressed and unaddressed referrals. Regression models showed associations between post‐discharge and age, prior continuous use of psychotropic medications, location of care, continued suicidal ideation at discharge and evaluation by a multi‐professional team.

Conclusion

A high number of adolescents were discharged from emergency departments without co‐ordination with the mental health network, and the involvement of the multi‐professional team was positively associated with addressed referrals.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

This study informs healthcare professionals by raising awareness of their practices in discharging adolescents after suicide attempts in emergency departments, with the possibility of improving care quality and reducing the likelihood of readmission.

Reporting Method

STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE).

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Risk factors associated with temporomandibular joint disorder: A mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Yan Qinghan , Liao Lingzi , He Dengqi
Published: July 2024

Background

Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD), a prevalent orofacial disorder with complex aetiologies and considerable socioeconomic costs. This underscores the critical importance of developing a comprehensive understanding of the risk factors associated with TMD, as existing research is hindered by deficiencies in establishing causal relationships and the limitations of traditional research methodologies.

Objectives

This research explores the causal link between certain risk factors and temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) through Mendelian randomization (MR), providing multidimensional perspectives in addressing this worldwide health issue.

Methods

Utilizing instrumental variables, we applied advanced statistical methods, including the weighted median, inverse variance weighted (IVW) and MR‐Egger, to evaluate the impact of twelve potential risk factors on TMD.

Results

Our results identified a significant positive association of TMD with malocclusion (p < .001), sleeping disorders (p = .006), anxiety (p = .002), major depression (p = .0002), daily cigarettes consumption (p = .029) and autoimmune diseases (p = .039). Conversely, a negative association was observed with educational attainment (p = .003).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that malocclusion, sleeping disorders, anxiety, major depression, daily cigarettes consumption and autoimmune diseases, could potentially increase TMD risk while educational attainment might mitigate its increase. No direct causal relationships were established between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels, menopause, frequent alcohol consumption, coffee intake and severely worn dentition and TMD.
Politics and income taxes: Progress and progressivity
Authors: Berliant Marcus , Boyer Pierre C.
Published: July 2024

This paper begins with a survey of the literature on the political economy approaches to labor income taxation. We focus on recent progress made by examining in detail the specific properties of nonlinear taxes derived in the context of voting. Next, we present new results on the existence of a majority voting equilibrium that unifies work in the standard framework. Finally, we discuss how recent theoretical results help us uncover empirical patterns from the last 50 years in the US tax system, namely, a sharp decrease in top marginal tax rates, the rise of the Earned Income Tax Credit, and increased progressivity in the middle of the income distribution.
Feeding protocol for the Amazonian ornamental cichlid Apistogramma cacatuoides and a histological approach to the nutritional condition of larvae
Authors: Zanfurlin‐Lima Edmilson , Abe Higo Andrade , Gonçalves‐Junior Lucas Pedro , de Freitas Thiago Mendes
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study was to develop a feeding protocol for the larviculture of Apistogramma cacatuoides, using the histological approach to larval nutrition conditions. For this, three experiments were carried out. Experiment 1 was carried out in a randomized design to determine the optimal amount of Artemia nauplii (AN) per larva, and three treatments were evaluated: P1—feeding with 25 A. nauplii per larva (AN/L) during the first 5 days, followed by 50 AN/L from the 6th to the 10th day and 100 AN/L from the 11th to the 20th day; P2 and P3—37 and 50 AN/L during the first 5 days, 75 and 100 AN/L from the 6th to the 10th day and 150 and 200 AN/L from the 11th to the 20th day. Experiment 2 was carried out in a randomized design to determine the daily frequency of feeding and evaluated four feeding frequencies: F1—feeding only once a day (09:00); (F2)—feeding twice a day (09:00 and 17:00); F3—feeding three times a day (09:00, 11:30 and 17:00); and F4—feeding four times a day (09:00, 11: 30, 14:00 and 17:00). Experiment 3 lasted 40 days and was conducted in a randomized design to evaluate three periods for the beginning of the feeding transition: WE10:AN for 10 days, followed by 3 days of co‐feeding and commercial feed until the end of the experimental period; WE15:AN for 15 days, followed by 3 days of co‐feeding and commercial feed; WE20:AN for 20 days, followed by 3 days of co‐feeding and commercial feed. The results of this study showed that, for the best development of the larvae, they should receive the feeding protocol 50−100−200 AN/L (P3) until the 20th day of exogenous feeding. From the 21st day, the transition to inert food should begin with 3 days of co‐feeding, and feeding during larviculture should be carried out at a frequency of twice a day; this protocol provided a good nutritional status for the larvae, as shown by the histological approach.
Habitat loss and isolation threaten specialist flora in Baltic coastal meadows
Authors: Rimondini Lukas , Kimberley Adam , Cousins Sara A. O.
Published: July 2024

Questions

Baltic coastal meadows are ecologically unique habitats that have been severely impacted by habitat loss and environmental change. To determine the effects of habitat loss and isolation on their plant communities, we analysed the relationships between species richness and habitat size and amount. Because coastal meadows host species with a vast array of traits, we expected responses to vary between species groups.

Location

Swedish Baltic coast.

Methods

We inventoried the presence of vascular plant species in twenty‐eight 1‐m2 plots placed along edaphically defined transects in fifteen coastal meadows. We determined the richness of three species groups: all species, halophytes and inland grassland specialists. We then mapped the habitat for coastal grassland plants using GIS overlay analysis. Using this habitat map, we calculated two variables: “habitat size” and “habitat amount”. We tested correlations between species richness measures and habitat variables, as well as determining the distribution of species traits within meadows.

Results

We recorded 174 plant species, of which 6 were halophytes and 35 were inland grassland specialists. Species traits coincided with edaphic sea‐to‐land gradients. Halophyte and inland grassland specialist richness were significantly correlated with both habitat variables (r = 0.52–0.71). No correlations were found with total species richness. Our habitat map showed that there are 8,900 ha of managed Baltic coastal meadow left in Sweden, mostly in the south.

Conclusions

Species traits and distribution play a major role in determining persistence in the face of habitat loss and environmental change. This is especially true for some halophyte populations, which are more susceptible to habitat size and isolation because of their specialisation. Furthermore, they risk being squeezed between the dual threats of encroaching succession and sea‐level rise. Preventing habitat loss, restoring meadows and increasing connectivity is crucial for the persistence of specialist plant species.
Philosophical research in Brazil: A structural topic modeling approach with a focus on temporal and gender trends
Authors: Fanton Marcos , Mota Hugo Ribeiro , de Melo Bomfim Araújo Carolina , da Silva Mitieli Seixas , Canuto Raquel
Published: July 2024

This paper employs structural topic modeling (STM) to describe the academic philosophy landscape in Brazil. Based on a public national database, a corpus consisting of 12,515 abstracts of monographs defended in philosophy graduate programs between 1991 and 2021 was compiled. The final STM model identified 74 meaningful research topics, clustered into 7 thematic categories. This study discusses the prevalence of the most significant topics and categories, their trends across three decades, and their (positive or negative) association with the supervisor's gender. Results show the first empirical evidence that Brazilian philosophical research exhibits a greater focus on philosophers than on specific themes or problems. Moreover, by visualizing the variations in topic prevalence over time, it was possible to track the rise or decline of the major interest categories and topics. Finally, results also show which topics are more influenced or less influenced by gender.
Baking bad: plants in a toasty world with necrotrophs
Authors: Suraj H. M. , van Kan Jan A. L.
Published: July 2024

Rising global temperatures pose a threat to plant immunity, making them more susceptible to diseases. The impact of temperature on plant immunity against biotrophic and hemi‐biotrophic pathogens is well documented, while its effect on necrotrophs remains poorly understood. We venture into the uncharted territory of necrotrophic fungal pathogens in the face of rising temperatures. We discuss the role of the plant hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) in providing resistance to necrotrophs and delve into the temperature sensitivity of the SA pathway. Additionally, we explore the repercussions of increased temperatures on plant susceptibility to necrotrophs. We put forward a research agenda with an experimental framework aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of how plants and pathogens adapt to increasing temperatures.
Androgen abuse: Risks and adverse effects in men
Authors: Grant Bonnie , Hyams Elizabeth , Davies Rhianna , Minhas Suks , Jayasena Channa N.
Published: July 2024

Androgens, formerly known as anabolic‐androgenic steroids, mimic the effects of testosterone and are being increasingly abused for nonmedical purposes such as body and performance enhancement. Androgen abuse is associated with increased mortality, and multisystem adverse effects have been reported, including cardiovascular toxicity, infertility, hypogonadism, hepatotoxicity, and mental health disorders. Men may present with the negative health consequences of androgen abuse even despite cessation for a number of years. There is frequently a reluctance to disclose androgen abuse, and substances are often sourced from the black market, which is not regulated and where the products sold may be counterfeit. All men should be encouraged to stop androgen abuse. Managing associated adverse effects will be organ‐specific and is complex due to physical and neuropsychiatric symptoms, substance dependence, and high rates of relapse. Given the broad reach and prolonged adverse effects of androgen abuse, clinicians across medical specialties should have an awareness of androgen abuse, its increasing prevalence, and the harms it poses to men and their families. This narrative review aims to summarize the adverse effects and risks associated with androgen abuse.
Retention efficacy and patient experience with customized clear retainer and wrap‐around circumferential retainer among non‐extraction orthodontic patients: A 12‐month follow‐up cohort study
Authors: Bae Jun‐Hyeong , Mangal Utkarsh , Yu Jae‐Hun , Cha Jung‐Yul , Yu Hyung‐Seog , Lee Kee‐Joon , Choi Sung‐Hwan
Published: July 2024

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate retention efficacy by assessing retention stability and patient perspectives according to type of circumferential retainer: the wrap‐around circumferential retainer (WCR) and customized clear retainer (CCR).

Materials and Methods

This cohort follow‐up study involved 52 patients aged 18–62 who underwent fixed‐appliance orthodontic treatment without extractions or orthognathic surgery. Following screening consenting participants were divided into WCR and CCR groups. All participants before follow‐up received fixed retainers for the upper and lower anteriors and respective removable retainers within 2 weeks post‐debond. Intraoral scans and lateral cephalograms were taken immediately after debonding (T0) and again 12 months later. Dentoalveolar changes in several measurements were compared to evaluate retention efficacy. Surveys were conducted at 1 month (T1) and 12 months (T2) post‐debonding to assess changes in patient experiences. Outcome assessments were blinded. Paired T‐tests and independent T‐tests were used for intragroup and intergroup comparisons of dentoalveolar measurements, respectively. Survey responses were analysed using the Pearson Chi‐Square test.

Results

The final assessment included 32 participants. Model analysis revealed no significant differences between the groups, except for maxillary intermolar width (p = .033). In the WCR group, the cephalometric analysis indicated a significant increase in the incisor mandibular plane angle (p = .002) and a decrease in the interincisal angle (p = .014), while changes in the CCR group were statistically non‐significant. Patient attitude evaluation showed similar trends for wear time and overall satisfaction. However, a higher percentage of respondents in the WCR group reported irritation when wearing the retainers (p = .037) at T1 and discomfort related to speech (p = .038) at T2.

Conclusions

CCR showed better retention efficacy in terms of lower incisor inclination. Patients experienced relatively less irritation and speech discomfort with CCRs.
Detection of Anti‐Strongyloides Antibodies in the Serum of Liver Transplant Recipients: Need of Screening for This Neglected Helminthiasis
Authors: Corral Marcelo Andreetta , Meisel Dirce Mary Correia Lima , Gouvêa Michele Soares Gomes , Pessoa Mario Guimarães , Abdala Edson , Terrabuio Debora Raquel Benedita , da Costa Idessania Nazareth , de Paula Fabiana Martins , Gryschek Ronaldo Cesar Borges
Published: July 2024

Immunosuppressed patients, particularly transplant recipients, can develop severe strongyloidiasis. This study aimed to detect anti‐Strongyloides IgG antibodies in a panel of sera from liver transplant patients. Two techniques were used: ELISA as the initial screening test and Western blotting as a confirmatory test. ELISA reactivity of 10.9% (32/294) was observed. The 40–30 kDa fraction was recognised in 93.7% (30/32) of the patients, resulting in a positivity rate of 10.2%. These data highlight the importance of serological screening for Strongyloides stercoralis infection in liver transplant recipients.
Functional analysis of the CaPIPLC5 gene in the regulation of the fertility restoration in pepper
Authors: Ma Yan , Wei Ming , Zhang Tao , Wang Yuhang , Duan Panpan , Wang Lina , Kong Weifu , Zhang Gaoyuan , Wei Bingqiang
Published: July 2024

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a very important factor to produce hybrid seeds, and the restoration of fertility involves the expression of many fertility‐related genes. Our previous study showed that the expression of CaPIPLC5 was significantly up‐regulated in pepper restorer accessions and minimally expressed in sterile accessions, speculating that CaPIPLC5 is related to the restoration of fertility. In this study, we further validated the function of CaPIPLC5 in the restoration of fertility. The results showed that CaPIPLC5 was specifically expressed in the anthers of the restorer accessions with the subcellular localization in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, the expression of CaPIPLC5 was significantly higher in restorer lines and restorer combinations than that in CMS lines and their maintainer lines. Silencing CaPIPLC5 led to the number of pollen decreased, pollen grains wrinkled, and the ratio of pollen germination reduced. In addition, the joint analysis of Yeast One‐Hybrid (Y1H) and Dual‐Luciferase (dual‐LUC) assays suggested that transcription factors such as CaARF5, CabZIP24 and CaMYB‐like1, interacted with the promoter regions of CaPIPLC5, which regulated the expression of CaPIPLC5. The present results provide new insights into the study of CaPIPLC5 involved in the restoration of fertility in pepper.
Influence of IAA and ABA on maize stem vessel diameter and stress resistance in variable environments
Authors: Liu Junzhou , Carriquí Marc , Xiong Dongliang , Kang Shaozhong
Published: July 2024

The plasticity of the xylem and its associated hydraulic properties play crucial roles in plant acclimation to environmental changes, with vessel diameter (Dv) being the most functionally prominent trait. While the effects of external environmental factors on xylem formation and Dv are not fully understood, the endogenous hormones indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) are known to play significant signalling roles under stress conditions. This study investigates how these hormones impact Dv under various environmental changes. Experiments were conducted in maize plants subjected to drought, soil salinity, and high CO2 concentration treatments. We found that drought and soil salinity significantly reduced Dv at the same stem internode, while an elevated CO2 concentration can mitigate this decrease in Dv. Remarkably, significant negative correlations were observed between Dv and the contents of IAA and ABA when considering the different treatments. Moreover, appropriate foliar application of either IAA or ABA on well‐watered and stressed plants led to a decrease in Dv, while the application of corresponding inhibitors resulted in an increase in Dv. This finding underscores the causal relationship between Dv and the levels of both IAA and ABA, offering a promising approach to manipulating xylem vessel size.
Obstructive sleep apnoea, oxygen desaturation and hypoxic burden: pebble, rock or boulder?
Authors: Ioachimescu Octavian C.
Published: July 2024

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Endodontic management of taurodontism in a patient with Morquio syndrome: Case report of a 16‐year‐old girl
Authors: Mirza Mubashir Baig
Published: July 2024

Background and aim

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type IV, referred to as Morquio A syndrome (MAS), is a rare genetic disorder characterized by an insufficient level in the storage of glycosaminoglycans within lysosomes. Diagnosis generally depends on clinical examination, skeletal radiographs, and histochemical tests. The condition is characterized by prominent skeletal deformities, limited joint mobility, significant growth impairment, abnormalities in tooth alignment, and defects in tooth enamel. The present clinical case report aims to provide details of a MAS case with peculiar dental findings, including multiple taurodonts where emergency dental treatment was rendered.

Case representation

A 16‐year‐old girl with short stature and prominent facial characteristics reported severe pain in the right maxillary back region. Clinical examination revealed multiple areas of alveolar bone loss, decayed #36, and temporary restoration on #16. Radiographic examination indicated multiple posterior teeth with taurodontism. Past medical history was confirmative of Morquio syndrome. Treating taurodonts endodontically is challenging due to the enlarged pulp chamber, shortened roots, and constricted root canal anatomy. Motorized canal preparation and the use of bioceramic sealer with single cone obturation were done to achieve the best results.

Conclusion

The present case report encountered difficulty locating and negotiating the root canals and establishing the glide path. Using a dental operating microscope and stiff hand files for glide path and short‐length Niti rotary files helped achieve the desired results. Although MPS IV is not frequently seen in dental practice, persons with this syndrome can continue to have good oral and overall health if their dental and medical condition if appropriately managed.
School choice and parenting strategies among Czech middle‐class parents: Implications for social segregation in public schools
Authors: Smith Slámová Radka , Simonová Jaroslava
Published: July 2024

Research examining middle‐class parents' school choices often overlooks parents in post‐socialist nations, where social reproduction may occur differently than in Western urban contexts. To bridge this gap, our study illuminates the intersection of Czech middle‐class parents' school choices and parenting strategies. Drawing on 26 in‐depth interviews with parents, we depict “cultivation for wellbeing” as a distinct parenting approach prevalent within a subset of the Czech middle class that challenges prevailing Western depictions of middle‐class child‐rearing strategies in relation to school choice. We describe five areas in which the parenting approach contrasts with concerted cultivation and intensive parenting: the promotion of unstructured free time, autonomous socialization with selected peers, a propensity to avoid confronting teachers, gentle support for children's interests, and a focus on emotional and physical wellbeing. We posit that “cultivation for wellbeing” serves as a mechanism for social distinction among a segment of middle‐class parents, enabling them to distinguish themselves from other class segments by selecting and seamlessly accessing exclusive public school settings tailored to their nuanced educational preferences. The study underscores the need to reassess the dominant portrayals of middle‐class parenting strategies, highlighting the complex interplay between child‐rearing, school choice, and social reproduction in diverse cultural contexts.
Introduction: Intellectual decolonization: Contexts, Critiques and Alternatives
Authors: Alatas Syed Farid , Chen Hon‐Fai , Patel Sujata
Published: July 2024

The papers of this special issue, “Intellectual Decolonization: Contexts, Critiques and Alternatives”, deal with the broad issue of intellectual decolonization or the decolonization of knowledge in the social sciences. Together, the six articles provide contextual, critical and alternative views of what intellectual decolonization means and entails.
Understanding migrants' attitudes towards state pension: The role of length of stay and settlement intention
Authors: Marcora Sara , Seibel Verena , Damman Marleen , Lubbers Marcel
Published: July 2024

Old‐age state pension is central to European welfare states. Despite the growing number of migrants in Europe, little is known about their attitudes towards state pension. Pension systems are designed for a ‘sedentary’ population, as they require many years of contribution or residency in the country. This often affects first‐generation migrants, who arrive in the residence country only at a later point in their lives. In this paper, we draw on self‐interest theory, which is commonly used to explain individuals' support towards welfare institutions and theorize on how the migration experience adds to the standard model of self‐interest in relation to support for government spending on old‐age state pensions. Hence, we move beyond traditional indicators of self‐interest such as education and employment status and we test hypotheses on how migrant‐specific characteristics like length of stay and settlement intention in the residence country are related to migrants' support for government spending on old‐age state pensions. We use data from the Migrants' Welfare State Attitudes (MIFARE) survey (2016), the first cross‐national survey that focuses on migrants' attitudes towards the welfare state that was collected in Denmark, Germany, and the Netherlands among nine different migrant groups from within and outside the EU. We find that migrants living in the country for over 5 years and those with longer settlement intentions have a higher support for government spending on pensions. We conclude that it is crucial to take migrants' unique migration experiences into account when assessing their attitudes towards state pension.
Radiographic and ultrasonographic appearance of pyometra with unilateral uterine torsion in a domestic shorthair cat
Authors: Bynum Lauren , Voges Andra , Repyak Kristin
Published: July 2024

An 8‐year‐old female domestic shorthair, presenting for a 3‐day history of lethargy and hyporexia, was obtunded, dehydrated, tachypneic, and had abdominal distension on physical exam with no vaginal discharge or pyrexia. Abdominal radiographs revealed a large, ovoid soft tissue mass and a tortuous, tubular soft tissue structure in the abdomen. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a severely fluid‐distended uterus with a left uterine torsion, which was demonstrated by a “whirl sign.” Emergency ovariohysterectomy surgically confirmed a 360° torsion of the left uterine horn with a fluid‐distended right uterine horn. Histopathology confirmed a diagnosis of pyometra, and the cat recovered uneventfully.
Unstability problem of real analytic maps
Authors: Bekka Karim , Koike Satoshi , Ohmoto Toru , Shiota Masahiro , Tanabe Masato
Published: July 2024

As well known, the stability of proper maps is characterized by the infinitesimal stability. In the present paper, we study the counterpart in real analytic context. In particular, we show that the infinitesimal stability does not imply stability; for instance, a Whitney umbrella is not stable. A main tool for the proof is a relative version of Whitney's analytic approximation theorem that is shown by using H. Cartan's Theorems A and B.
Strong divisibility sequences and sieve methods
Authors: Browning Tim , Verzobio Matteo
Published: July 2024

We investigate strong divisibility sequences and produce lower and upper bounds for the density of integers in the sequence that only have (somewhat) large prime factors. We focus on the special cases of Fibonacci numbers and elliptic divisibility sequences, discussing the limitations of our methods. At the end of the paper, there is an appendix by Sandro Bettin on divisor closed sets that we use to study the density of prime terms that appear in strong divisibility sequences.
Competing effects in fourth‐order aggregation–diffusion equations
Authors: Antonio Carrillo José , Esposito Antonio , Falcó Carles , Fernández‐Jiménez Alejandro
Published: July 2024

We give sharp conditions for global in time existence of gradient flow solutions to a Cahn–Hilliard‐type equation, with backwards second‐order degenerate diffusion, in any dimension and for general initial data. Our equation is the 2‐Wasserstein gradient flow of a free energy with two competing effects: the Dirichlet energy and the power‐law internal energy. Homogeneity of the functionals reveals critical regimes that we analyse. Sharp conditions for global in time solutions, constructed via the minimising movement scheme, also known as JKO scheme, are obtained. Furthermore, we study a system of two Cahn–Hilliard‐type equations exhibiting an analogous gradient flow structure.