bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Economic Analysis of Law Principle In Purchase Fuel By Application (Study of MyPertamina)
Authors: Bintarto Muhammad Al Ikhwan , Bidul Sayang , Zaid Zaid
Published: November 2023

Fuel has become a necessity in the society, fuel consists of subsidized and non-subsidized fuel oil. Subsidized fuel oil is intended for the middle class, this is the focus of the government so that fuel oil is right on target. One of the government's efforts is the plan to use MyPertamina to purchase subsidized fuel oil, but this raises pros and cons in the community. The purpose of this research is how the principle of efficiency in the economic analysis of law views this government plan. The author uses normative research methods in this paper because it discusses the principles, norms with library data collection techniques or literature which is then analyzed using perspective analysis techniques. The result of this study is that this policy plan is not yet fully efficient because because of this plan, some people are troubled by several things, for example the lack of socialization about this, the prohibition of using cellphones at gas stations or obstacles when using MyPertamina.
KEDUDUKAN HUKUM TERHADAP LEMBAGA PERS MAHASISWA DITINJAU DARI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 40 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG PERS
Authors: Shodikin Miftakhul
Published: November 2023

The press is the realization and actualization of the freedom to express an opinion in writing. The press his an informative function, namely providing information to the general public in an orderly manner. Students through the Student Press Institute always create news products that are critical and logical, but in this reform era the Student Press Institute often experiences bans and intimidation, even though legal protection for the press has been regulated in Law No. 40 of 1999 the Press. Article 8 explicitly states that journalists In carrying out their profession, they get legal protection. But, because of their status as students who are still burdened with academic responsibilities, students cannot be categorized as journalists who get legal protection. In addition, the Student Press Institute also does not comply with press companies that are legal entities as described in Article 1 point 2 in conjunction with Article 9 paragraph (2) in the Press Law. So with this, the student press is very vulnerable threats, repressive actions to bans because it is not protected in the Press Law. This can interfere with the student press in its duties and functions in carrying out journalistic activities.

Keywords:  press, student press, legal standing

Abstrak

Pers merupakan realisasi serta aktualisasi dari kebebasan untuk mengeluarkan pendapat dengan tulisan. Pers mempunyau tugas informasi yakni menyampaikan informasi kepada masyarakat umum melalui kegiatan yang teratur. Mahasiswa melalui Lembaga Pers Mahasiswa (LPM) selalu menciptakan produk-produk berita yang kritis serta logis, namun di era reformasi ini Lembaga Pers Mahasiswa sering mengalami pembredelan dan intimidasi, padahal perlindungan hukum bagi pers telah diatur dalam Undang-Undang No. 40 Tahun 1999 tentang Pers. Tertuang dalam Pasal 8 secara tegas mengatakan bahwa wartawan ketika melakukan pekerjaannya dilindungi oleh hukum. Namun karena statusnya adalah mahasiswa yang masih dibebani oleh tanggung jawab akademik sehingga mahasiswa tidak dapat dikategorikan sebagai wartawan yang mendapatkan perlindungan hukum. Selain itu, Lembaga Pers Mahasiswa juga tidak memenuhi perusahaan pers yang berbadan hukum sebagaimana dijelaskan pada Pasal 1 angka 2 juncto Pasal 9 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Pers. Sehingga dengan ini pers mahasiswa sangat rentan mendapatkan ancaman, tindakan represif hingga pembredelan karena tidak terlindungi dalam Undang-Undang Pers. Hal tersebut dapat mengganggu pers mahasiswa dalam tugas dan fungsinya melaksanakan kegiatan jurnalistik.

Kata kunci: pers; pers mahasiswa; kedudukan hukum
Elektroničko donošenje odluka u društvima kapitala
Authors: Bilić Antun , Tepeš Nina
Published: November 2023

Elektronička komunikacija uslijed pandemije COVID-a 19 postala je prevladavajući oblik komunikacije što je, očekivano, utjecalo i na modalitete odlučivanja u društvima kapitala. U radu se analiziraju prednosti i nedostaci te pretpostavke dopuštenosti donošenja odluka u društvu primjenom sredstava elektroničke komunikacije. Rješenja hrvatskog statusnog prava analiziraju se uz primjenu poredbenopravne metode, pri čemu se u obzir uzimaju rješenja država kontinentalno-europskog (Njemačka, Austrija i Švicarska) i common law pravnog kruga (Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo i američka savezna država Delaware). Analiza osobito uzima u obzir razlike koje postoje s obzirom na različite pravne izvore (propisi i autonomno statusno pravo), različite oblike društava kapitala (dioničko društvo i društvo s ograničenom odgovornošću) i različite organe tih društava (uprava, nadzorni odbor i glavna skupština).
Učinak pravnog režima potpora za COVID-19 i novije sudske prakse SEU-a na pravo državnih potpora u Europskoj uniji
Authors: Jozipović Šime
Published: November 2023

U ovome članku analizirana je uloga poreznih potpora u širem kontekstu državnih potpora unutar Europske unije za vrijeme pandemije COVID-a 19. U radu je predstavljena struktura testa državnih potpora u poreznim pitanjima, te njegove posebnosti u odnosu na test kod izravnih subvencija i drugih državnih mjera. Upravo za skrivene porezne potpore postoji značajna opasnost od toga da ih Europska komisija unutar složenog poreznog sustava ne prepozna na vrijeme. Stoga su porezne mjere i učestalo sredstvo kojim države članice dodjeljuju protupravne državne potpore. Međutim, i inače, države članice često koriste porezni sustav za dodjelu dopuštenih potpora. U tom se kontekstu struktura potpora za vrijeme pandemije razlikuje od uobičajene strukture potpora. Naime, unatoč činjenici da su države članice imale široke ovlasti koristiti porezni sustav za dodjelu potpora, nije došlo do implementacije značajnijeg broja poreznih mjera. Ovaj rad uspoređuje vrste dopuštenih potpora unutar privremenog okvira za državne potpore, te analizira moguće uzroke ograničenog korištenja poreznih mjera za dodjelu dopuštenih državnih potpora.
BMF Analytics delivered at the 2023 VIASM-HANU Conference
Authors: Duong Thi Minh-Phuong
Published: November 2023

The Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics (VIASM), founded by Prof. Ngo Bao Chau, a 2010 Fields Medalist, cooperated with Hanoi University (HANU) on November 3 and 4 to organize the two-day academic event about mathematical applications in Social Sciences and Humanities teaching. During this event, “BMF Analytics” (referred to as “BMF” [1]) was brought to the audience as a promising analytical method in social science and humanities research.
TRANSFER PRICING
Authors: Puspitasari Tiara
Published: November 2023

Yaitu jumlah uang yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan setiap transfer barang/jasa antar RC,atau nilai uang yang dilekatkan pada suatu transfer barang/jasa pada transaksi yang melibatkan setidaknya salah satu dari kedua pihak yang terlibat adalah sebuah PL
MEASURING AND CONTROLING ASSETS EMPLOYED
Authors: HARTATI EMALIA
Published: November 2023

Memberikan info untuk pembuatan keputusan sehubungan dengan asset yang dimanfaatkan dalam rangka memotivasi manajer untuk membuat keputusan yang baik.
SongBeam: an automated recorder using beamforming to make high-quality recordings
Authors: Zandberg Lies , Lachlan Robert
Published: November 2023

Recording bird song can provide information about birds’ presence, behaviour and ecology. As such, automated recording units are excellent data collection tools for bioacousticians and ecologists. How- ever, in contrast with directional recorders, the quality of the omnidirectional microphones on ARU’s often puts limits on the usability of the recordings.Here we present a novel song recorder that contains an array of four microphones, the recordings of which can be used for acoustic beamforming to “focus” in on the loudest bird at any one moment. This produces higher-quality recordings with decreased environmental noise and reverberation. The recorder can be programmed to record automatically, and due to its low battery consumption can be deployed in the field for up to months, depending on the recording schedule. We tested the performance of these recorders for 2 different applications: 1) qualitative bird song research and 2) species identification using a species recognition algorithm.We found that beamforming can provide a directional output from a passive recorder. It removed a large proportion of noise and reverberation from the recordings, which benefitted the fine-scale analysis of these songs. Moreover using the beamformed recordings improved the detection rate of a species detection algorithm.SongBeam enables researchers to make high-quality recordings, at a low cost and a low consumption of time and resources. With a low cost of US$100 per unit, SongBeam can be used in large-scale and long-term surveys. These high-quality recordings are not only beneficial for the study of bird song itself but also greatly improve species detectability for biomonitoring and species diversity studies.
The Hierarchical Structure and Longitudinal Measurement Invariance of Externalizing Symptoms in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study
Authors: Vize Colin , Ringwald Whitney R. , Perkins Emily R. , Waller Rebecca , Hawes Samuel , Byrd Amy
Published: November 2023

Recent years have seen a shift towards alternative nosologies of psychopathology, which frequently include a dimension of externalizing psychopathology. The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is one such framework. Research using data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study has identified a broad-based externalizing dimension, but no research to date has sought to empirically identify finer-grained externalizing subdimensions despite the research benefits associated with the use of homogenous dimensions. Furthermore, no work to date has examined whether externalizing dimensions are invariant over time. Thus, the current study had two primary aims: Aim 1: Identify the hierarchical structure of externalizing psychopathology and examine evidence of discriminant validity of identified dimensions; and Aim 2: Assess the longitudinal measurement invariance of a broad externalizing dimension in the ABCD study, as well as specific underlying subdimensions. Results for Aim 1 analyses identified a coherent factor structure comprising a broad externalizing dimension and three subdimensions (conduct problems, irritability, and neurodevelopmental problems), and these factors showed important similarities and differences in relation to external correlates. Aim 2 analyses showed that strong invariance was supported for the conduct problems and irritability dimensions, while partial strong invariance was supported for broad externalizing and neurodevelopmental problems. Quantification of measurement (non)invariance revealed small effect sizes. The results highlight important directions for future research on externalizing psychopathology in the ABCD study.
Categorization of typical and atypical combinations of excitations and resonators of musical instruments: Assimilation of the unusual to the familiar
Authors: Huynh Erica Ying , McAdams Stephen
Published: November 2023

Sound categorization is automatic, yet very little is known about how this process works. Physical sound sources such as musical instruments generate sounds that carry timbral information about two mechanical components: The excitation sets into vibration the resonator, which acts as a filter to amplify, suppress, and radiate sound components. Given that excitation-resonator interactions are quite limited in the physical world, Modalys, a digital, physically inspired modeling platform, was utilized to simulate the combinations of three excitations (bowing, blowing, striking) and three resonators (string, air column, plate). This formed nine types of interactions, which are either typical (e.g., struck string) or atypical (e.g., blown plate). In two separate categorization tasks, participants chose either the excitation or resonator they thought produced each interaction. For the typical interactions, participants accurately categorized their excitations and resonators. Atypical interactions were assimilated to typical ones and listeners identified either the correct excitation or the correct resonator but not both. Hierarchical clustering revealed that interactions were perceived differently depending on the categorization task. These findings suggest that unfamiliar sound sources were interpreted as conforming to familiar sound sources for which mental models exist. These studies consequently highlight the importance of timbre in sound source recognition.
Balancing data quality and bias: Investigating functional connectivity exclusions in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development℠ (ABCD Study®) across quality control pathways
Authors: Peverill Matthew , Russell Justin D. , Keding Taylor Jay , Rich Hailey M. , Halvorson Max Andrew , King Kevin Michael , Birn Rasmus , Herringa Ryan
Published: November 2023

Analysis of resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI) typically excludes images substantially degraded by subject motion. However, data quality, including degree of motion, relates to a broad set of participant characteristics, particularly in pediatric neuroimaging (Cosgrove et al., 2022; Gard et al., 2023; Power et al., 2012). Consequently, when planning quality control (QC) procedures researchers must balance data quality concerns against the possibility of biasing results by eliminating data. In order to explore how researcher QC decisions might bias rs-fMRI findings and inform future research design, we investigated how a broad spectrum of participant characteristics in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study were related to participant inclusion/exclusion across versions of the dataset (the ABCD Community Collection and ABCD Release 4) and QC choices (specifically, motion scrubbing thresholds). Across all these conditions, we found that the odds of a participant’s exclusion related to a broad spectrum of behavioral, demographic, and health-related variables, with the consequence that rs-fMRI analyses using these variables are likely to produce biased results. Consequently, we recommend that missing data be formally accounted for when analyzing rs-fMRI data and interpreting results. Our findings demonstrate the urgent need for better data acquisition and analysis techniques which minimize the impact of motion on data quality. Additionally, we strongly recommend including detailed information about quality control in open datasets such as ABCD.
‘Gricean’ and ‘Ladyginian’ Communication: A Distinction in Search of a Difference
Authors: Moore Richard
Published: November 2023

In a recent PNAS Perspective, Scott-Phillips and Heintz propose a new account of the differences betweem great ape and human communication. They are argue that while humans are Gricean communicators, and so ‘language ready’, great apes are merely ‘Ladyginian’ communicators. I argue that that they fail to make any plausible distinction between Gricean and Ladyginian communication, and that consequently their proposed distinction fails. A better hypothesis is that great apes are Gricean communicators, albeit ones of comparatively limited capacity.
Grand Theft Empathy? Evidence for the absence of effects of violent video games on empathy for pain and emotional reactivity to violence
Authors: Lengersdorff Lukas , Wagner Isabella , Mittmann Gloria , Olsson Andreas , Petrovic Predrag , Lamm Claus
Published: November 2023

Influential accounts claim that violent video games (VVG) decrease players' emotional empathy by desensitizing them to both virtual and real-life violence. However, scientific evidence for this claim is inconclusive and controversially debated. To assess the causal effect of VVGs on the behavioral and neural correlates of empathy and emotional reactivity to violence, we conducted a prospective experimental study using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We recruited eighty-nine male participants without prior VVG experience. Over the course of two weeks, participants played either a highly violent video game, or a non-violent version of the same game. Before and after this period, participants completed an fMRI experiment with paradigms measuring their empathy for pain and emotional reactivity to violent images. Applying a Bayesian analysis approach throughout enabled us to find substantial evidence for the absence of an effect of VVGs on the behavioral and neural correlates of empathy. Moreover, participants in the VVG group were not desensitized to images of real-world violence. These results imply that short and controlled exposure to VVGs does not numb empathy nor the responses to real-world violence. We discuss the implications of our findings regarding the potential and limitations of experimental research on the causal effects of VVGs.
Categorical inequalities in school: Teacher-induced student hierarchy and educational outcomes
Authors: Fedeli Emanuele , Triventi Moris
Published: November 2023

Students in compulsory education spend a considerable amount of time in the classroom interacting with peers and teachers, from whom they receive feedback and signals about their academic competencies. We develop a theoretical framework that integrates the role of teachers’ evaluations, the labeling effect, the categorical judgements model, the big-fish-in-little-pond, and the rational choice theory for understanding categorical inequalities generated within the school environment induced by classroom peer comparison. We argue that teachers, via attributing marks to students, create Teacher-Induced Student Hierarchy (TISH), and the perception of one’s position in this hierarchy affectssubsequent educational outcomes, but heterogeneously depending on students’ ascriptive characteristics. We exploit the idiosyncratic variation generated by differential teachers' grading standards across classrooms to identify the effect of TISH. The relative student's position in the classroom hierarchy, net of her absolute performance level, raises the probability of enrolling in the academic track, the expectation of university enrolment, and levels of academic competencies. We observed that boys and students from lower SES backgrounds, who typically have weaker academic standings, are more responsive to their placement in the TISH. Some of these effects seem to stem from the influence of TISH on some socio-emotional skills.
Development of Automatic Hydroponic Plant Watering Based Arduino Microcontroller
Authors: Susilawati Anita , Mauliwarman M. Abdi , Sofyan Arief Dodi , Herisiswanto Herisiswanto
Published: November 2023

This paper aims to develop a design for an automatic hydroponic plant nutrient sprinkler. This plant watering device used an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller as the interface and an LCD (Liquid Cristal Display) as a display to indicate nutrient levels. The device design deployed a time system set using an Arduino microcontroller and RTC (Real Time Clock) based watering time settings. The development of this automatic nutrient watering device was equipped with a TDS (Total Dissolve Solid) sensor, which reads the value of the nutrient solution content in the water. The LCD displayed monitoring system performance and the relay functions to turn on and off the water pump connected to the hydroponic media watering pipe installation. The benefits of the device can save time and energy. Therefore, the device is more efficient than the manual watering system.
Calculation Analysis of Steam Consumption Efficiency on The Dryer Section in Paper Machine
Authors: Taqiyuddin Abdillah , Abdurrahman Ridwan
Published: November 2023

This research aims to analyze the efficiency of steam consumption in the Dryer Section at the Paper Machine. The research method involves calculating the actual steam consumption efficiency and comparing it with the TAPPI efficiency standard. The research results show that the average steam consumption efficiency for grade W/FIPF35-70 reached 94.51%, exceeding the TAPPI standard of 86%. However, some observations indicate substandard results, which can be caused by factors such as raw material quality, process settings, and equipment wear. The conclusions of this research provide insight into the factors that influence steam consumption efficiency, providing a basis for improving performance in Dryer Section Paper Machine.
The prevalence of malocclusions in patients seeking orthodontic treatment at COMS from Chitwan District of Nepal
Authors: Jha Kanistika , Adhikari Manoj
Published: November 2023

Background: Malocclusion is the abnormal relation between maxillary and mandibular teeth which leads to various problems like esthetics, phonation, mastication, psychological and social problems. The prevalence of malocclusion is highly variable and its range is very wide and heterogeneous.
Aims and Objectives: To assess the prevalence of various malocclusion traits and to evaluate the orthodontic treatment need based on the Dental Health Component (DHC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) among the patients visiting the College of Medical Sciences (COMS), Bharatpur, Chitwan.
Materials and Method: A total of 530 patients visiting dental OPD, College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, Chitwan were included in this study among which 288 were male and 242 were female patients. Out of the total 530 subjects, malocclusion was observed in 359 individuals. Therefore, all subsequent results and fidings reported in the study are based on these 359 subjects exclusively. Intraoral examination was carried out to assess malocclusion based on Angle’s classifiation, overjet, overbite, open bite, crowding, spacing, and crossbite. The statistical test employed in the study was the Chi-Square test, which was utilized to assess the presence of a signifiant difference.
Result: The present study showed that Class I (55.2%), malocclusion  was most prevalent followed by Class II (40.9%) and then Class III (3.9%). Increased overjet (41.2%), deep overbite (40.7%), anterior crowding (70.8%), midline spacing (17.5%), and anterior crossbite (16.4%) were more prevalent occlusal traits. DHC (Dental Health Component) of IOTN (Index of Orthodontic Treatment Needs) showed more in grades 1 and 2 (61.88%) followed by grades 4 and 5 (26.03%).
Conclusion: Class I crowding was the most prevalent malocclusion  in adolescents in Bharatpur, Chitwan. The majority of patients fall in grade 1 and 2 categories followed by grades 4 and 5 of DHC of IOTN grading.
“All Hands on Deck”: Administrator Perspectives on Managing COVID-19 Outbreaks in U.S. Nursing Homes
Authors: Brazier Joan F. , Meehan Amy , Shield Renee R. , White Elizabeth M. , Grabowski David C. , Geng Fangli , Gadbois Emily A.
Published: November 2023

Context: Managing COVID-19 outbreaks at U.S. nursing homes highlight the structural weaknesses of pre-pandemic long-term care emergency preparedness protocols.
Objective: To understand how nursing home administrators managed staffing and facility operations during an active COVID-19 outbreak.
Methods: This descriptive qualitative study conducted semi-structured interviews with administrators at 40 U.S. nursing homes from July 2020–December 2021. Interview questions focused on the impact of COVID-19 on nursing home operations and staffing, among other topics. Interview transcripts were qualitatively analysed to identify overarching themes using modified grounded theory and thematic analysis.
Findings: Four major themes emerged from analysis. (1) Administrators described the rapidity of viral infection of staff and residents as overwhelming and long-lasting; (2) a COVID-19 outbreak had an immediate impact on staffing levels; (3) administrators implemented short-term compensatory strategies to manage staffing shortages during COVID-19 outbreaks; and (4) administrator and staff roles and responsibilities expanded in order to maintain facility operations during, and post-COVID-19 outbreak.
Limitations: Findings may not be generalizable to all U.S. nursing homes and may not reflect current COVID-19 mitigation protocols and perspectives as interviews concluded in December 2021.
Implications: U.S. nursing home administrators used crisis-management strategies to sustain facility operations during active COVID-19 outbreaks. This approach highlights on-going weaknesses in the long-term care infrastructure at U.S. nursing homes. Learning from administrator experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic is critical for the development of robust emergency preparedness plans and the improvement of state and federal resource coordination efforts to support U.S. nursing homes during future public health emergencies.
Laser Voltage Characterization of Transition Delay Failures in Combinatorial Logic
Authors: Merassi A.A. , Boglio A.
Published: November 2023

Laser voltage imaging techniques are widely used in failure analysis for detecting defects in digital circuitry. In case of scan chain failures that are substantially static, this is really the most suitable application. In this paper we explore and demonstrate the potential of this method for characterizing transition delay failures in combinatorial logic, through the real-time measurement of the behaviour of each transistor in the cell.
GEM-Water: Generation of EM-based Watermark for SoC IP Validation with Hidden FSMs
Authors: Sarker Pantha Protim , Das Upoma , Monjil Mohammad Bin , Kamali Hadi Mardani , Farahmandi Farimah , Tehranipoor Mark
Published: November 2023

Intellectual property (IP) core reuse is a common practice for accelerating new product development in modern system-on-chip (SoC) architectures. However, reusing and sharing IP cores in today’s competitive market poses significant security risks. IP watermarking is a potential solution for detecting unauthorized IP duplication and overuse. In this paper, we propose GEM-Water, a robust IP watermark verification scheme that uses electromagnetic (EM) radiation of an IP in an SoC for watermark extraction during boot-up. This is accomplished by applying an n-bit challenge to the IP that triggers some certain state transition in a Finite State Machine (FSM) during boot-up. The FSM output is then mapped into an EM signature which can be extracted and processed to generate expected responses to prove IP ownership. GEM-Water has been implemented in a wide variety of benchmarks using several AMD Xilinx 7 series FPGAs, and the experimental results validate the robustness and viability of the suggested approach with >95% accuracy.
LLE: Mitigating IC Piracy and Reverse Engineering by Last Level Edit
Authors: Rahman Sazadur , Varshney Nitin , Farahmandi Farimah , Asadi Zanjani Navid , Tehranipoor Mark
Published: November 2023

Hardware obfuscation is a proactive design-for- trust technique against integrated circuit (IC) supply chain threats, i.e., intellectual property (IP) piracy and overproduction. Many studies have evaluated numerous obfuscation techniques, broadly classified as IC camouflaging, logic locking, and split manufacturing. In split manufacturing, threats introduced by an untrusted foundry are eliminated by manufacturing only the front-end of line (FEOL) layers in the high-end untrusted foundry, and back-end of line (BEOL) layers in the design house’s trusted low-end foundry to hide BEOL connections from the untrusted foundry. However, researchers proposed several attacks based on physical layout design heuristic, network-flow model, and placement-routing proximity to extract missing back-end of line connections. Nevertheless, split manufacturing suffers from yield due to challenges in properly aligning FEOL connections with the BEOL. This paper proposes LLE, which protects ICs from piracy and reverse-engineering by untrusted foundries. In this approach, we perform layout-level obfuscation by creating an intermediate metal layer mesh to obscure the BEOL connections from the FEOL. After fabrication from an untrusted foundry, the mesh can be edited using a focused-ion beam (FIB) editing tool in a trusted facility (e.g., FIB lab) to realize the actual inter- connection. Hence, unlike split manufacturing, LLE eliminates the requirement of a separate trusted foundry and establishes trust in the microelectronic supply chain by lowering cost and yield loss. To validate the effectiveness of LLE, we fabricated a test chip in MITLL Low- Power FDSOI CMOS Process. In the silicon test chip, we demonstrate that LLE can prevent IC piracy and reverse engineering with low costs and yield losses in the semiconductor supply chain.
Nanoprobing on an MRAM Cell, Following a Backside Opening, to Extract Logical Data
Authors: Dumas Louise , Bascoul Guillaume , Villeneuve-Faure Christina , Marc François , Fremont Hélène , Guerin Christophe
Published: November 2023

The direct measurement of the memory state (i.e. bit at “0” or at “1”) on single magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) in a commercial magnetic random access memory (MRAM) remains challenging. In this paper, we propose a probing approach to investigate the MTJ resistance and by this way determine the memory state. To reach this goal, the MRAM device needs to be prepared to create an electrical access to both sides of the MTJs. The suitable methodology consists in a backside preparation routine that creates a bevel allowing us to access the bottom side of the MTJs through vias and the top side to the bitlines. After that, two approaches are discussed to establish the electrical connection. First described is the nanoprobing technique where the electrical connection is created by two nanometric tips positioned in contact on vias and bitlines thanks to a scanning electron microscope. It is then possible to collect the current flowing through the MTJs and to evaluate the resistance. A resistance around 12 kΩ and 14 kΩ were determined for “0” and “1” bits respectively, which is in agreement with literature. Secondly, these measurements will be compared to those resulting from a near-field probing experiment done in a conductive mode. A resistance around 19 kΩ and 24 kΩ were determined for “0” and “1” bits respectively. The use of both methods allows for a cross-reference between the resistance values and a discussion on the advantages and drawbacks of both probing techniques.
Examination of Fracture Surfaces
Authors: Carroll Michael , Lisin Mark
Published: November 2023

Fracture surfaces can provide an important and indispensable record of many factors in simple or complex failures. Visual examination of fracture surfaces can reveal the type and direction of loading, with fracture-surface features often providing definitive evidence of torsion, tension, bending, and compressive loads. This article discusses tools and techniques of visual examination and characteristic features of fracture features. A brief review of ductile and brittle fracture-surface features is provided. The article also describes macroscopic features that can be used to identify fracture-initiation sites, locations of final overload, and the directions of crack propagation. In addition, the use of these features to characterize loading at the time of failure is also described.
Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Li Jian , Liu Pei
Published: November 2023

The introduction of focused ion beam (FIB) microscopy in the 1990s added the capability of studying fracture surfaces in the third dimension and making site-specific and stress-free transmission electron microscope (TEM) specimens in situ. This article reviews the methods for preparing replicas and the site-specific FIB thin-foil preparation technique. It provides an overview of FIB-TEM specimen preparation.
Quantitative Fractography Applications for Fatigue Fracture Surfaces
Authors: Wanhill Russell J.H. , Barter Simon A.
Published: November 2023

Quantitative fractography (QF) is the examination and characterization of fracture surfaces of failed or broken-open components and specimens. This article provides examples of the application of QF to evaluate real-life fatigue failures and also a comprehensive guideline chart for detecting and measuring fatigue striations and progression markings, with examples.
Trends in the development of trade in agricultural products and food of the EAEU member states in modern conditions
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Center of Agrarian Economy and Social Development of Rural Areas – All Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics”- FSBSIFRC AESDRA VNIIESH, Moscow, Russia, Ivoylova Irina V.
Published: November 2023

The article examines the positive trends in the development of the agro-food sector of the economy of the EAEU member states, which take place despite the impact of negative internal and external factors. In 2021, the total volume of mutual trade in agricultural products and food of the EAEU amounted to 11.9 billion US dollars, an increase of 34.8% compared to 2018. Foreign trade turnover increased by 24.7% and reached almost $70 billion. The share of agro-food products in the total trade turnover of the EAEU states is almost continuously increasing. It should be noted that the EAEU countries have been steadily reducing imports of agri-food group goods. The level of intraregional trade in the EAEU in 2021 amounted to 25.5%, which is higher than the same indicator for other integration associations, however, significantly below the level of the European Union (about 70%).The large–scale sanctions imposed against the two countries of the association – Russia and Belarus - have closed the markets of many Western countries and significantly disrupted the established logistics chains. This forced the EAEU states to actively work on finding and establishing trade relations with new partners, in particular with Egypt, India, Israel, Indonesia, the United Arab Emirates; the expediency of concluding an agreement is being studied with Mongolia.
Identification of Affective Disorders During the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors:   Yaroslavl State Medical University, Zarubina N.V. ,   Yaroslavl, Russian Federation
Published: November 2023

Aim: To study emotional disorders and response to stress in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) at the diagnostic stage. Design: Comparative prospective study. Materials and methods. We examined 30 MS patients who were not taking any disease-modifying drugs. The age of patients was 34 ± 9 years; Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale: 1.7 ± 1.3 points. Beck Self-Rating Depression Inventory and V. M. Bekhterev Self-Rating Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Asthenic State Scale, Psychological Diagnostics of Coping Mechanisms, Coping Strategies questionnaire, were used. Results. MS patients were divided into groups depending on the presence/absence of symptoms of depression (n = 18 and n = 12). The patients with depression had statistically higher (р < 0.05) number of asthenic manifestations and anxiety disorders, emotional releases with fixation on negative events. In order to reduce stress, patients chose to avoid the problem. Conclusion. Identified emotional disorders aggravate the overall condition of MS patients, reduce stress tolerance and ability to social adaptation; they lead to more complex symptoms and possible disease progression. Keywords: multiple sclerosis, depression, anxiety, copin mechanisms, ways of coping with stress.
Psychosocial Therapy in Psychiatry and New Forms of Cooperation with Patients
Authors:   Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry — a branch of the Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Semenova N.D. ,   Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: November 2023

Aim: To consider new approaches to psychosocial therapy in psychiatry and cooperation with patients. Key points. The review describes a new direction of research in psychiatry and clinical psychology associated with new forms of collaboration with patients — those receiving mental health care. Among the foundations of this direction are the concept of personal and social recovery and the “Open Dialogue” approach to psychosocial therapy. The movement's leaders are patients and clinicians who involve patients in research as colleagues. Conclusion. New forms of collaboration with patients — those receiving mental health care, involving them in actual participation in research as colleagues are the basis for establishing trust and therapeutic alliance for developing and selecting diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Expanding the scope of collaboration with patients directly or indirectly increases the availability of psychosocial interventions and psychosocial support and promotes disease prevention and mental health care. Keywords: experience of mental illness, recovery, personal and social restoration, “Open dialogue”, cooperation with the patient as an expert.
Genetic Predictors of the Development of Autonomic Dysfunction
Authors:   Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Gazenkampf K.A. ,   Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Domoratskaya E.А. ,   Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University; Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Dmitrenko D.V. ,   Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University; Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Published: November 2023

Aim: To study the association of the HTR2C gene rs6318, rs6313 of the HTR2A gene, rs4680 of the COMT gene, rs3785143 of the SLC6A2 gene, rs1799913 of the TPH1 gene, rs7997012 of the HTR2A gene with the development of neurotic disorders in young people living in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Design: A comparative study. Materials and methods. The study included 133 clinically healthy volunteers. The age of the participants ranged from 16 to 24 years. Molecular genetic studies were carried out on the basis of the Laboratory of Medical Genetics of the V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia. Psychological testing was performed using the questionnaire of depressive symptoms of Beck, the scale of socio-situational anxiety of O. Kondash in the modification of A.M. Parishioner, Hospital scale of anxiety and depression, as well as carrier study of the association of single nucleotide variants (ONV) rs7997012 of the HTR2A gene, rs6318 of the HTR2C gene, rs6313 of the HTR2A gene, rs4680 of the COMT gene, rs3785143 of the SLC6A2 gene, rs1799913 of the TPH1 gene with neurotic disorders (anxiety and subclinical depression). Results. According to multivariate analysis, the association of the COMT G gene allele carrier (odds ratio (OR) = 2.784; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.291–6.001; χ2 = 6.986; p = 0.009) and the AH genotype (OR = 2,208; 95% CI: 1,032–4,724; χ2 = 16.716; p < 0.001) with subclinical depression according to the total index of the Beck scale. Carrying the SS genotype of the rs1799913 TRN1 gene increases the risk of learning anxiety by 3 times (OR = 3.011; 95% CI: 1.138–7.967; χ2 = 7.622; p = 0.023). Conclusion. The carriage of the G allele and the rs4680 genotype and AG of the COMT gene is associated with subclinical depression, and the carriage of the SS genotype of the rs1799913 TRN1 gene increases the risk of learning anxiety by 3 times. Thus, the ONV of these genes can be considered as predictors of neurotic disorders, significant already at the subclinical level. Keywords: COMT gene, TRN1 gene, anxiety, depression, neurotic disorders.
Inflammatory Markers in Schizophrenia Patients: Scientific and Practical Significance
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Mental Health Research Centre», Zozulya S.A. ,   Moscow, Russian Federation, Sarmanova Z.V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Mental Health Research Centre»; Moscow, Russian Federation, Otman I.N. ,   Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Mental Health Research Centre»; Moscow, Russian Federation, Klyushnik T.P. ,   Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Mental Health Research Centre»; Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: November 2023

Objective: To present literature data and results of own studies of inflammatory biomarkers identified in schizophrenia patients for diagnostic and forecasting purposes. Key points. Special attention is paid to the medical technique called Neuroimmunotest developed at the Scientific Centre for Mental Health and its use in the study of schizophrenia pathogenesis, immune system status in various psychopathologic disorders, as well as for disease monitoring, forecasting and therapy efficiency assessment. Conclusion. The literature data and results of own studies demonstrate the key role of immune mechanisms, primarily of inflammation, in the development of psychopathologic disorders in schizophrenia patients. Classification of schizophrenia patients not only on the basis of clinical manifestations, but also using the immune marker profile makes it possible to objectify their condition and forecast the efficiency of personified therapy; therefore, this approach is of interest for practical application in clinical psychiatry. Keywords: inflammation, biomarkers, neuroimmunotest, level of immune system activation, schizophrenia
ANALISIS SIFAT FISIKA DAN KANDUNGAN LIGNOSELULOSA LIMBAH AMPAS SAGU (METROXYLON SPP) ASAL KABUPATEN JAYAPURA, PAPUA
Authors: Haryati Endang , Sutarman Tatang , Bunga Martina
Published: November 2023

Berdasarkan data Badan Pusat Statistik Propinsi Papua (2010) tanaman sagu (Metroxylon spp) di Kabupaten Jayapura terdapat 36 jenis dengan luas sebesar 25.488 ha. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan sifat fisika, kadar lignoselulosa, gugus fungsi dan menganalisis pola spektrum X-Ray Diffraksi limbah ampas sagu. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode eksperimen di laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, limbah ampas sagu asal Kabupaten Jayapura memiliki kadar air sebesar 10,57 %, kadar abu sebesar 11,50 %, 11,22 % hemiselulosa 58,67 % selulosa dan 8,44 % lignin. Spektrum FTIR sampel menunjukkan adanya serapan Panjang gelombang yang merupakan gugus- gugus fungsi O-H, C-H, C-H2, C-C, C-O dan C-OH, dimana gugus-gugus fungsi tersebut adalah pembentuk senyawa lignoselulosa Pola spektrum XRD sampel memiliki pola yang mirip dengan pola XRD mikrokristalin selulosa standar dengan puncak 2( pada sudut 14,96 (; 17,01(; 18,19 (dan 22,91(. Oleh karena itu, limbah ampas sagu asal Kabupaten Jayapura berpotensi sebagai sumber selulosa partikel.
PANDANGAN MAHASISWA FISIKA TERHADAP NATURE OF SCIENCE (NOS)
Authors: Rahmadhani Aulia , Tuada Rasydah Nur
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pandangan mahasiswa fisika terhadap Nature Of Science (NOS). Subjek penelitian ini yaitu 29 mahasiswa program studi pendidikan fisika tahun pertama di Universitas Sulawesi Barat, yang memprogramkan mata kuliah IPA Terpadu. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa adaptasi kuesioner SUSSI (Student Understanding of Science and Scientific Inquiry) yang terdiri dari 28 butir pernyataan dengan skala Likert. Data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif, dan data kualitatif dianalisis dan dikategorikan ke dalam pandangan naif, pandangan transisi, dan pandangan terinformasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar mahasiswa memiliki pandangan naif terhadap NOS pada aspek kreativitas dan imajinasi, aspek keterikatan sosial dan budaya, dan aspek hukum dan teori ilmiah. Pendekatan eksplisit dibutuhkan sebagai alternatif untuk mengembangkan pandangan mahasiswa tentang NOS. Pendidik harus mampu mengintegrasikan NOS dalam pembelajaran dengan menggunakan pendekatan, strategi, model, dan media pembelajaran yang tepat
ANALISIS PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN MARGARIN TERHADAP KONSTANTA DIELEKTRIK PADA MINYAK JELANTAH
Authors: Papilaya Eva , Bunga Martina , Bungasalu Benny Abraham
Published: November 2023

Minyak jelantah adalah minyak yang terbentuk dari proses pemanasan minyak goreng dan bahan makanan. Minyak ini merupakan limbah hasil penggorengan yang dapat berasal dari minyak sayur, minyak samin, dan lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sifat fisis minyak jelantah jika dilakukan penambahan margarin. Sifat fisik yang diamati adalah nilai konstanta dielektrik.  Metode penelitian dengan meletakkan minyak jelantah dalam wadah yang berisi pelat sejajar dan dihubungkan dengan sound generator dan osilator.  Margarin ditambahkan kedalam minyak jelantah kemudian diamati konstanta dielektrik akibat penambahan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan margarin pada minyak jelantah akan merubah nilai konstanta dielektrik minyak jelantah.
ANALISIS KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATERI SUHU DAN KALOR
Authors: Logo Novita , Akbar Muhammad , Boy Bonefasius Y. , Silaban Adeline , Hajar Siti
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi  keterampilan proses sains peserta didik pada aspek melakukan pengamatan (observasi), merencanakan percobaan,membuat kesimpulan, dan berkomunikasi, serta mengidentifikasi faktor dan dampak yang mempengaruhi keterampilan proses sains peserta didik pada materi suhu dan kalor. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan subjek penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas XI-IPA 2. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu observasi,wawancara dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil observasi keterampilan proses sains setiap kelompok menunjukan bahwa dari 4 keterampilan proses sains didapatkan presentase tertinggi yaitu membuat kesimpulan 85% kriteria sangat baik, berkomunikasi 82 % dan melakukan pengamatan (observasi) 80% yang merupakan kriteria baik sedangkan merencanakan percobaan 55% kurang baik. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dapat disimpulkan bahwa peserta didik mampu dalam melakukan pengamatan, membuat kesimpulan dan berkomunikasi sedangkan peserta didik masih belum paham dalam merencanakan percobaan baik dalam mengidentifikasi ciri-ciri maupun fungsi termometer dan kalorimeter. Dengan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa keterampilan proses sains peserta didik dalam merencanakan percobaan masih minim adapun faktor-fakor yang mempengaruhi keterampilan proses sains dari proses pembelajaran fisika materi suhu dan kalor tidak terlepas dari adanya pendukung maupun keterbatasan dalam implementasi keterampilan proses sains walaupun keterampilan proses sains sangatlah penting untuk peserta didik dan guru dan memberikan dampak positif dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN SARANA DAN PRASARANA LABORATORIUM FISIKA DI SMAN 1 GENTENG
Authors: Rindiani Friska , Putri Anindia , Dwisari Verina , Ningrum Andini Septya , Putri Najihah Meilani , Jannah Nur Azizatul , Nuraini Lailatul , Harijanto Alex
Published: November 2023

Laboratorium adalah salah satu komponen penting untuk mendukung pengajaran dan pembelajaran di sekolah, khususnya dalam ilmu alam (fisika, biologi, dan kimia), yang membutuhkan konfirmasi antara teori yang diperoleh dan realitas aktual. Dengan penerapan Kurikulum 2013, siswa tidak hanya diperlukan untuk mendemonstrasikan, tetapi juga untuk menemukan konsep. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui beberapa informasi terkait sarana dan prasarana laboratorium fisika yang baik dan layak digunakan untuk kegiatan praktikum. Metode dalam penelitian ini dengan metode kualitatif adalah fokus terhadap deskripsi dan pemahaman, Sasaran dalam penelitian ini adalah guru fisika, dan laboran SMAN 1 Genteng. Hasil penelitian yaitu untuk 81,5% pada tahap perencanaan dinilai baik, untuk 29,5% pengadministrasian mengenai alat dan bahan dinilai baik, untuk 33,3% penataan dan penyimpanan dinilai baik, untuk 72,5% keselamatan kerja juga dinilai baik, serta 65% keseluruhan bangunan terhitung baik. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kegiatan observasi sangat diperlukan oleh guru dan laboran untuk mengetahui kompetensi laboratorium tersebut.