bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stress Modelling and Design of Elastic Cement System to Withstand Well-Bore Pressure During Hydro-Fracturing and Casing Integrity Testing.
Authors: Singh Parvinder , Sinha M. P. , Lal Kishori , Malhotra S. K. , Kumar Pramod
Published: April 2017

In this paper we present stress modeling and mechanical response of set cement sheath in cased wellbore to quantify induced stresses and design of suitable elastic cement system. Many cement systems with latex, Graphite & fiber material have been tested for mechanical properties (Compressive strength, Tensile strength, Poison's ratio and Young's Modulus) and results are evaluated by stress calculations. Stress model calculation matches with previous paper results in this line. Cement mixing is done as per API RP10B2 and cured in molds at 115°C for 72 hours under 3000 psi. Compressive strength was measured on UCS testing machine. Brazillian method has been adopted for evaluating tensile strength of set cement. Sonic wave velocity method used for evaluation of Poison ratio and Young's modulus. Loss of cement bond behind casing due to variation in wellbore pressure during Hydro-Fracturing and casing integrity testing has been observed in several wells. Stresses induced in the cement sheath due to variation of wellbore pressure are the cause of this damage. It has been observed that cement sheath being weaker in tensile strength, often fails due to tensile stresses. Results show that tensile strength is near about 1/10th of compressive strength in Portland cement which supports previous studies in this field. However this ratio is not fixed for all kind of cement system. Stresses developed in set cement system has been calculated by feeding mechanical properties in stress modeling. Based on induced stresses, a safe limit of pressure variation has been determined for many cement system. Hence out of many cement design, suitable cement design can be chosen for a particular wellbore condition. However prediction of wellbore pressure during Hydro-Fracturing and casing integrity testing is necessary in this case. The outcomes indicate that the elastic properties (Poison's Ratio and Young's Modulus) of the casing, cement, and formation play a significant role. Results show that for high pressure variation, cement system with better elastic properties are preferred over compressive strength. Stress calculation methodology helps to optimize the cement system to withstand high pressure during testing and Hydro-fracturing of well. Many cement system with improved elastic properties are tabulated and can be utilized in as per the suitability of wellbore condition.
Delivering Efficiencies to Well Intervention Management Planning, Tracking and MIS by Automation
Authors: Upadhyaya Akhilesh , Gosain Sonali , Dhiman Mansi , Kothiyal Manish Dutt , Jetley Shailendra
Published: April 2017

Well and Reservoir Management activities are crucial to maintain production targets of a maturing field. Cairn manages ~600 active wells in Rajasthan in which approximately 3000 well interventions are executed annually.

To facilitate the safe delivery of this large number of interventions and maintaining focus on sound engineering practices, the automation of standardized activities was initiated and a "Well Intervention Planning and Execution" portal was developed with the objective to reduce the man-hours spent on data collection, archiving, performance tracking and MIS management, that could divert valuable time and effort to detailed engineering, problem identification, solution identification and post job evaluations.

This paper highlights the thought process, workflow and value drivers for the design and implementation of an automated well intervention management process and details the benefits realized.
Case Study: Drilling the Longest and Fastest Surface Hole Section in United Arab Emirates U.A.E
Authors: Ansari Arsalan , Sowaidi Saif Al , Yoshimoto Kazuhito
Published: April 2017

The commonly drilled 16-inch surface borehole section in U.A.E crosses several interbedded formations comprised of limestone, shale, clay and sands, and it is associated to several frequent hole problems experienced in offset wells such as Hole collapse with high abnormal formation pressures, casing not reaching bottom etc. In order to isolate the weak formations from the surface and the reservoir, the 133/8-inchsurface casing should be set in a competent rock (limestone) formation that will not fracture at the casing shoe. The operator is required to drill a long 16-inch directional hole section with dogleg severity (DLS) upto from 1.5°/100 feet. This study presents a novel directional drilling strategy utilized in a deep offshore oil well with high inclination for achieving the challenge imposed by setting the casing shoe in limestone formation, deepest in the region (~8000 feet).

The drilling engineering team conducted an extensive technical and engineering evaluation of the trajectory and problems associated with drilling this section based on previous offset wells, including severe bit/stabilizer/motor bearings wear, loss of signals from MWD, tight hole/stuck pipe incidents, wellbore stability. After a detailed risk assessment, the selected well was planned and executed with this strategy to achieve our target. The paper outlines the process carried out during the drilling and casing running phase in order to successfully complete this well along with establishing several records in U.A.E.

The planned strategy was implemented after successfully drilling the 36-inch surface hole followed by running and cementing the 30-inch Conductor pipe. Then the planned trajectory was drilled with 16-inch Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) by building in the first 3000 feet reaching an inclination of 40° with DLS upto 1.5°/100 feet and then continuing to drill tangent section upto 8088 feet. The well was drilled with one run by sustaining an average ROP of 37 feet per hour for a total of 10 days. The 133/8-inch casing was successfully run without any major obstructions or tight spots to 8083 feet as there was efficient hole cleaning due to a Friction factor of 0.40 in Open Hole. Nevertheless, this strategy allow us to save approximately 3-4 days per well due to minimizing the drilling time, while achieving the longest surface hole section with one BHA in U.A.E.
Compatibility and Rheology of High-pH Borate Gels Prepared With Produced Water for Hydraulic-Fracturing Applications
Authors: Elsarawy Ahmed M. , Nasr-El-Din Hisham A. , Cawiezel Kay E.
Published: April 2017

Fracturing fluids are commonly formulated with pond water to ensure reliable rheology. However, pond water is becoming more costly, and in some areas, it is difficult to obtain. The use of produced water in hydraulic fracturing has gained increased attention in the last few years, because it could solve freshwater-acquisition difficulties and reduce disposal costs. A major challenge, however, is its high content of total dissolved solids (TDSs), which could cause formation damage and negatively affect fracturing-fluid rheology. The objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility of using produced water to formulate crosslinked-gel-based fracturing fluid. This paper focuses on the compatibility of produced water with the fracturing-fluid system and the effect of salts on the fluid rheology.

Produced-water samples were analyzed to determine concentrations of key ions. The fracturing-fluid system consisted of natural guar polymer, borate-based crosslinker, biocide, surfactant, clay stabilizer, scale inhibitor, and pH buffer. Compatibility tests of the fluid system and its components were conducted at different ion concentrations. Apparent viscosity of the fracturing fluid was measured with a high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) rotational rheometer. All rheology tests were conducted at 300 psia and 180°F with a 3-hour test duration. Further investigations to study the effect of adding chelating agents to the fluid system were also carried out.

Results indicate the potential of untreated produced water to cause precipitates and, hence, formation damage. Precipitates were successfully prevented by diluting the produced water with fresh water. Divalent cations were found to be the main source of precipitation, and reduced amounts of each ion were determined to prevent precipitations. The separate and combined effects of Na, K, Ca, and Mg ions on the viscosity of the fracturing fluid were also studied. Regardless of the concentration of monovalent cations, divalent cations reduced fluid viscosity by up to 100 cp. Monovalent cations reduced the viscosity of fracturing fluid only in the absence of divalent cations, and showed no effect in the presence of Ca and Mg ions. The use of chelating agents has reduced the precipitation of divalent cations and enabled the formulation of fracturing fluid at higher Ca and Mg concentrations. Some chelating agents showed the ability to complex with the boron ion and/or reduce the system's pH value; consequently, viscosity measurements indicated the breaking of the fluid viscosity after the addition of the chelating agent.

This paper contributes to the understanding of the main factors that enable the use of produced water for hydraulic-fracturing operations. Maximizing the use of produced water could reduce water-disposal costs, mitigate environmental impacts, and solve freshwater-acquisition challenges.
Comparison of droplet digital PCR and quantitative PCR for the detection of Salmonella and its application for river sediments
Authors: Singh Gulshan , Sithebe Ayanda , Enitan Abimbola M. , Kumari Sheena , Bux Faizal , Stenström Thor Axel
Published: April 2017

Despite advances in microbial detection that quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has led to, complex environmental samples, such as sediments, remain a challenge due to presence of PCR inhibitors. Aquatic sediments accumulate particle-bound microbial contaminants and thereby reflect a cumulative microbial load over time. The relatively new droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) has emerged as a direct quantitative method, highly tolerant to PCR inhibitors and relinquishing the necessity for calibration/standard curves. Information is virtually absent where ddPCR has been applied to detect pathogenic organisms in aquatic sediments. This study compared the efficacy of ddPCR with qPCR, for quantification of Salmonella in sediments from the Palmiet River near an informal settlement in Durban, South Africa. ddPCR significantly improved both analytical sensitivity and detection of low concentrations of Salmonella as compared to qPCR. The expected copy numbers measured from both qPCR and ddPCR showed good R2 values (0.999 and 0.994, respectively). The site mostly affected by the informal settlements exhibited Salmonella in the range of 255 ± 37 and 818 ± 30 Salmonella/g (p ≤ 0.0001) in qPCR and ddPCR, respectively. The improved detection of Salmonella in sediments with ddPCR makes it a promising technical method for the quantification of Salmonella in multifarious environmental samples.
Measuring sporadic gastrointestinal illness associated with drinking water – an overview of methodologies
Authors: Bylund John , Toljander Jonas , Lysén Maria , Rasti Niloofar , Engqvist Jannes , Simonsson Magnus
Published: April 2017

There is an increasing awareness that drinking water contributes to sporadic gastrointestinal illness (GI) in high income countries of the northern hemisphere. A literature search was conducted in order to review: (1) methods used for investigating the effects of public drinking water on GI; (2) evidence of possible dose–response relationship between sporadic GI and drinking water consumption; and (3) association between sporadic GI and factors affecting drinking water quality. Seventy-four articles were selected, key findings and information gaps were identified. In-home intervention studies have only been conducted in areas using surface water sources and intervention studies in communities supplied by ground water are therefore needed. Community-wide intervention studies may constitute a cost-effective alternative to in-home intervention studies. Proxy data that correlate with GI in the community can be used for detecting changes in the incidence of GI. Proxy data can, however, not be used for measuring the prevalence of illness. Local conditions affecting water safety may vary greatly, making direct comparisons between studies difficult unless sufficient knowledge about these conditions is acquired. Drinking water in high-income countries contributes to endemic levels of GI and there are public health benefits for further improvements of drinking water safety.
Water safety planning for small water supply systems: the framework and control measures
Authors: Oluwasanya Grace O. , Carter Richard C.
Published: April 2017

A water safety plan (WSP) is a preventive comprehensive risk assessment and management approach to ensuring the safety of a drinking water supply from source to tap for public health protection. The concept was introduced in the last decade in international guidance documents and has been applied widely across a varied range of water supply systems, particularly, the public water utilities and to a lesser extent towards small systems. Mainstreaming water safety intervention for small systems however, would ensure safe household water to a wider population, alleviate poverty and hunger through water for use in support of livelihood activities, and help towards achieving the sustainable development goals. Self-supply hand-dug wells in Abeokuta, Nigeria, were assessed using the step-by-step World Health Organization WSP model, mainly from the relevant system assessment to operational monitoring and management procedures. This paper reviewed the methodology of water safety planning and flagged the issue of ‘who’ conducts WSP for small systems. The paper also evaluated major control measures critical to self-supply and suggested an apt WS planning model for the systems. The WSP framework for self-supply systems incorporated an institutional aspect for WSP coordination.
Quality Improvement of the DNA extracted by boiling method in Gram negative bacteria
Authors: Ahmed* Omar B. , Dablool Anas S.
Published: April 2017

Several methods of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction have been applied to extract bacterial DNA. The amount and the quality of the DNA obtained for each one of those methods are variable. The study aimed to evaluate bacterial DNA extraction using conventional boiling method followed by alcohol precipitation. DNA extraction from Gram negative bacilli was extracted and precipitated using boiling method with further precipitation by ethanol. The extraction procedure performed using the boiling method resulted in high DNA yields for both E. coli and K. pneumoniae bacteria in (199.7 and 285.7μg/ml, respectively) which was close to control method (229.3 and 440.3μg/ml). It was concluded that after alcohol precipitation boiling procedure was easy, cost-effective, and applicable for high-yield quality of DNA in Gram-negative bacteria.
Comparing Bioretention Designs With and Without an Internal Water Storage Layer for Treating Highway Runoff
Authors: Li Ming‐Han , Swapp Mark , Kim Myung Hee , Chu Kung‐Hui , Sung Chan Yong
Published: April 2017

This study compares the performance of a field bioretention cell with and without an internal water storage (IWS) layer for treating highway runoff. Both synthetic and natural runoff tests were conducted. Hydraulic performances on peak discharge reduction and detention time extension were measured. Pollutant removal efficiencies were evaluated for total suspended solids (TSS), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonia, total phosphorus, and orthophosphate phosphorus. Pollutants in soil media were measured. Results reveal that both IWS and non‐IWS designs reduced peak discharge and extended detention time, while the IWS design performed better. For water quality performance, the non‐IWS design removed TSS, Cu, Pb, Zn, and total phosphorus to varying degrees of efficiency, but total nitrogen removal was minimal. The IWS layer significantly improved removal efficiencies for TSS, Cu, Zn, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Soil media accumulated some metals over time.
Fast and Direct Extraction of Cell‐associated Hepatotoxins from Toxic Cyanobacteria
Authors: Lagoutte Bernard , Tunkelrott Marja‐Liisa , Feraudet‐Tarisse Cécile , Dano Julie , Volland Hervé
Published: April 2017

Microcystins are an important group of toxins produced by cyanobacteria of different genera. An increasing number of water contaminations by this class of toxins have been reported that are susceptible to generate important public health problems. We designed an efficient method for extracting these toxins on‐site for a rapid testing of potentially contaminated water. The extraction parameters have been optimized using Microcystis aeruginosa and the technique successfully applied to different laboratory cultures and field samples. The procedure employs a simple and stable reagent mix of propanol, Tween 20, and trifluoroacetic acid. It is directly active on crude cell suspensions without any pre‐treatment. Extraction yields measured by immunological quantification were at least equal to the best values obtained with the most commonly used laboratory techniques. An additional simple concentration/extraction step is also described that allows measurements on samples too dilute for direct detection by immunochromatographic techniques.
Basic Dye Adsorption onto Clay/MnFe2O4 Composite: A Mechanistic Study
Authors: Kanwal Adeela , Bhatti Haq Nawaz , Iqbal Munawar , Noreen Saima
Published: April 2017

Native, HCl pretreated clay and MnFe2O4/clay composite were investigated as an adsorbent for crystal violet (CV) removal. The adsorption behavior of dye was studied in batch experiments as a function of contact time, adsorbent dose, pH, dye initial concentration and temperature. The medium pH 8, contact time 30 min, MnFe2O4/clay composite dose 0.05 mg/L, temperature 35 °C and 100 mg/L dye initial concentration furnished maximum CV adsorption. Adsorption data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm model and maximum CV dye adsorption capacity of composite was 49.74 mg/g. The thermodynamic parameters revealed that the adsorption process of CV was exothermic and spontaneous in nature. CV adsorption followed the pseudo second order kinetic model. MnFe2O4/clay composite exhibited good CV adsorption capacity and can be used as an alternative adsorbent for the removal of basic dyes from effluents.
Antibacterial Activity Comparison of Three Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and their Dissolved Metal Ions
Authors: Qin Qiang , Li Jiayin , Wang Jianbing
Published: April 2017

The potential ecotoxicity of three metal‐oxide nanoparticles (NPs) toward Escherichia coli (E. coli) was investigated, including titanium dioxide (TiO2), copper oxide (CuO), and zinc oxide (ZnO). The true particle sizes of NPs in medium were significantly larger than the advertised sizes. Bacterial toxicity tests showed that the three NPs were harmful to varying degrees. The toxicity of CuO toward E. coli increased with the increasing concentration of CuO. The toxicity of ZnO and TiO2 toward E. coli was highest at NP concentration of 5 and 20 mg/L, respectively, but decreased when the NP concentration was higher, which is closely related with the nanoparticle sizes. Ion toxicity further demonstrated that dissolved metal ions were also responsible for the toxicity of CuO and ZnO. These results highlight the need for caution during the use and disposal of such manufactured nanomaterials to prevent unintended environmental impacts.
Estudio de la resistencia a la corrosión del aluminio 6063 anodizado
Authors: Paucar Cuba Karín , Rojas Flores Hugo , Vergara Sotomayor Abel
Published: April 2017

El estudio de la resistencia a la corrosión del anodizado de una aleación de aluminio (AA6063) en ácido sulfúrico a diferentes tiempos de anodizado: 30, 45 y 60 min. se realizó usando la espectroscopia de impedancia electroquímica (EIE) y el ensayo de niebla salina ácida. (ASTM B287). Los datos obtenidos por EIE y su correlación con los circuitos equivalentes más apropiados permitieron determinar los parámetros asociados a la capa porosa y a la capa barrera del óxido protector formado sobre la superficie del aluminio en estudio. La exposición de las muestras anodizadas durante 250h a una niebla salina ácida permitió observar variaciones en su masa. De los resultados obtenidos por EIE y las pérdidas de masa de las muestras anodizadas se estableció que la película de anodizado de 45 minutos mostró una mayor resistencia a la corrosión en comparación con la obtenida a 60 y 30 min., respectivamente.
Caracterización de números primos
Authors: Guimaray Huerta Héctor Carlos
Published: April 2017

Los números primos es motivo de investigación en la teoría de números; en la actualidad, no existe una fórmula que nos permita obtener dichos números, y que la distribución de los mismos se considera que es aleatoria. Lo que existe son métodos para averiguar si un número es primo o compuesto. En el presente artículo se presenta una caracterización de números primos que es el complemento de los números compuestos.
Espacios definidos
Authors: Guimaray Huerta Héctor Carlos
Published: April 2017

La matemática ha desarrollado, haciendo uso de axiomas, espacios matemáticos como espacios vectoriales, normados, métricos, topológicos, etc. El objetivo principal en este artículo es definir un espacio en el que las propiedades de un conjunto sean las mismas en los espacios mencionados anteriormente, para lo cual se considera una función conjunto a conjunto llamada función definida.
Influencia de la geometría en la resistencia a la flexión de los engranajes plásticos
Authors: Moya Rodríguez Jorge Laureano , Vílchez Vílchez Tito Roberto
Published: April 2017

En el presente trabajo se analiza el tema relacionado con las modificaciones geométricas del perfil del diente de engranajes plásticos cilíndricos de dientes rectos mediante el método de los elementos finitos y su influencia en la resistencia a la flexión. El objetivo fundamental del estudio es, desarrollar un procedimiento para determinar la influencia de la asimetría y la corrección del dentado en la resistencia a la flexión de los dientes de los engranajes plásticos. En esta investigación se ha desarrollado el cálculo de los esfuerzos de flexión, mediante procedimientos matemáticos y el uso del software con el que se ha logrado incrementar la resistencia a la flexión debido a la corrección del dentado (para un factor de corrección de 0 a 0,7) y asimismo la determinación del factor de forma en los engranajes cilíndricos de dientes rectos asimétricos que constituye una innovación científica. Los resultados alcanzados satisfacen a los objetivos generales y específicos del estudio, con el cual se demuestra que las innovaciones contribuirán a una mejorar el desarrollo tecnológico de la industria y del país.
Описание формы самоподдерживающегося фронта испарения в слое метастабильной жидкости
Authors: Шарыпов О.В.
Published: April 2017

С учетом новых экспериментальных данных предложена физико-математическая модель для описания стационарной поверхности самоподдерживающегося фронта испарения, который распространяется вдоль поверхности плоского нагревателя в слое перегретой жидкости. Приближенная аналитическая зависимость толщины парового слоя от координаты и физических параметров удовлетворительно согласуется с результатами экспериментов. Получен размерный параметр, позволяющий представить решение в инвариантной безразмерной форме. DOI: 10.21883/PJTF.2017.08.44533.16276
“Not Just an Apartment Building”: Residents’ Quality of Life in a Social Housing Co-operative
Authors: Theriault Luc , Leclerc Andre , Wisniewski Angela Eileen , Chouinard Omer , Martin Gilles
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the impact that two social housing complexes have had on their residents' quality of life. These two complexes, known as Tannery Court Co-operative Ltd., target a specific segment of the affordable housing market: non-elderly singles. A mixed-methods approach was used to assess the quality of life of residents. The data collection strategy used semi-structured interviews conducted with the help of a questionnaire. A total of 43 interviews were completed at the two building sites. Analysis of interview and questionnaire data identified six areas of improvement in residents' quality of life. These are life in general (an overarching dimension), housing (the focus of the Tannery Court intervention), neighbourhood (including safety and appearance), food, self-confidence (an enabling dimension for future development of projects and goals among the residents), and financial situation (a key dimension because of its multiple impacts on other aspects of life).   RÉSUMÉ L'objectif de cette recherche était d'évaluer l'impact des deux complexes de logements coopératifs Tannery Court sur la qualité de vie des résidants. Ces complexes ciblent un segment particulier du marché du logement social, les célibataires d'âge actif et vivant en deçà du seuil de la pauvreté. Cette étude utilise une méthodologie mixte pour évaluer la situation et la qualité de vie des résidants. La stratégie de cueillette de données s'appuie sur des entrevues semi-dirigées effectuées à l'aide d'un questionnaire. Au total, nous avons complété 43 entrevues. Six aspects de la qualité de vie se sont améliorés de façon significative. Il s'agit de la vie en général (une dimension globale), le logement (l'objectif premier visé par l'équipe de Tannery Court), le quartier de résidence (dimensions importantes de la localisation d'un complexe comme la sécurité et l'apparence) la confiance en soi (une dimension clé pour le développement futur de projets et d'objectifs pour les résidants), la nourriture (en raison de l'accès à des électroménagers) et la situation financière (une dimension majeure étant donné son impact sur les autres composantes de la vie).
Advocacy Limitations on Gender and Sexually Diverse Activist Organizations in Canada’s Voluntary Sector
Authors: Mulé Nick J.
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Registered charities are restricted when engaging in advocacy, whereas Canadian nonprofits face a far more difficult time when fundraising. The impact of such limitations on Canadian gender and sexually diverse1 activist organizations is one example of the implications on Canada's democratization process. Despite the efforts of the Voluntary Sector Initiative (VSI), and updated political activity policies, Canada lags behind both the U.K. and U.S. in recognizing and legitimizing advocacy as an important contribution to its democratic process. An organized challenge of the system at the political and legal level is called for to address this issue.   RÉSUMÉ Les organismes de bienfaisance enregistrés font face à des contraintes lorsqu'ils défendent une cause, tandis que les organismes sans but lucratif rencontrent de nombreuses difficultés pour amasser des fonds. L'impact de ces contraintes sur les organisations militantes de genre et de sexualité diversifiés n'est qu'un exemple de répercussion sur le procédé de démocratisation du Canada. Malgré les efforts déployés par l'Initiative sur le secteur bénévole et communautaire (ISBC) et malgré la mise à jour de politiques sur l'activité politique, le gouvernement du Canada a du retard par rapport à ceux du Royaume-Uni et des États-Unis en matière de reconnaissance et de légitimation de la défense de causes en tant que contribution importante à son processus démocratique. Pour aborder cette question, nous sommes amenés à remettre en question le système de façon méthodique sur les plans politique et juridique.
The Benefits and Economic Value of Community Recreation: Proposal for an Analytical Framework Based on an Exploratory Study
Authors: Briand Louise , Sauvé Nathalie , Fréchette Lucie
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT This article presents the results of an exploratory study on the impacts of a program provided by a community recreation centre. The study proposes an analytical framework to assess the impacts of recreation on young people and refers to product and impact concepts developed by Marée (2005). The proposed framework includes dimensions that are sufficiently precise to grasp the impacts of community recreation centres (benefits, savings, impacts on individuals, life settings, and society), yet also sufficiently broad to allow for the evaluation of the impacts of other social endeavours.   RÉSUMÉ Cet article présente les résultats d'une recherche exploratoire qui étudie les effets d'un programme d'un centre communautaire de loisir. La recherche propose un cadre d'analyse des impacts du loisir chez les jeunes qui prend appui sur les concepts de produits et d'impacts développés par Marée (2005). Le cadre d'analyse proposé comporte des dimensions suffisamment précises pour appréhender les impacts des centres communautaires de loisir (bénéfices et économies pour les individus, les milieux de vie et la société), mais il est aussi suffisamment large pour évaluer les impacts d'autres entreprises à vocation sociale.
The Role of Community Organizations in the Transformation of the Social Development Model in Quebec
Authors: Jette Christian
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Community organizations have played a major role in the delivery of social services in Québec since the 1970s. Their activities aimed to provide an alternative to the heteronomous, bureaucratic practices of the public sector. But their desire to move away from the public sector did not prevent them from demanding financial support from the state. Historically, these associations' struggles have led to the establishment of an original partnership and a funding mode whereby they could retain their organizations' autonomy. This autonomy was the guarantee of both their specificity and their ability to innovate in terms of social practices. While this state recognition certainly remains in some respects ambivalent, it is nonetheless undeniable that these associations today constitute a significant component of the Québec model of social development. RÉSUMÉ Les organismes communautaires jouent un rôle important dans la prestation de services sociaux au Québec depuis les années 1970. Leurs activités se sont développées dans l'optique d'apporter une alternative aux pratiques hétéronomes et bureaucratiques du secteur public. Cette volonté de se distancier du secteur public ne les a toutefois pas empêchés de revendiquer le soutien financier de l'État. Historiquement, les luttes menées par ces associations se sont donc traduites par la mise en place d'un partenariat original et l'établissement d'une mode de financement qui leur permet de préserver l'autonomie de leur organisation. Cette autonomie est le gage de leur spécificité et de leur capacité d'innover sur le plan des pratiques sociales. Certes, cette reconnaissance étatique demeure à certains égards ambiguë. Néanmoins, il est indéniable que ces associations constituent aujourd'hui un élément important du modèle québécois du développement social.
Les organismes communautaires au Québec : De la coexistence à la supplémentarité
Authors: Savard Sébastien , Proulx Jean
Published: April 2017

Résumé Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche effectuée auprès de 52 organismes du tiers secteur québécois sur la question des relations qu’ils entretiennent avec un partenaire du secteur public. Les objectifs de la recherche étaient doubles : 1) élaborer un outil d’autoévaluation validé des relations entre organismes du tiers secteur et l’État et 2) procéder à une analyse transversale des informations produites par les 52 organismes du tiers secteur ayant participé à la validation de l’outil d’autoévaluation. Les résultats démontrent que les relations entre les deux groupes d’acteurs se sont stabilisées et même améliorées depuis vingt ans. Cependant, la contribution des organismes du tiers secteur est encore largement orientée vers la coproduction de services publics davantage que sur la coconstruction de politiques sociales destinées à une population commune. Abstract This article presents the results of a study involving 52 nonprofit organizations in Quebec focused on their relationships with public-sector partners. The objectives of the study were twofold: 1) to develop and validate a self-evaluation tool to assess relationships between third-sector organizations and the State and 2) to conduct a transversal analysis of information obtained from the 52 nonprofit organizations that took part in the validation of the self-evaluation tool. The results show that relationships between the two categories of stakeholders stabilized and even improved over the previous twenty years. However, the contribution of nonprofit organizations is still largely oriented toward the coproduction of public services rather than the shared construction of social policies for a common population.
Resource-Based View (RBV) of Unincorporated Social Economy Organizations
Authors: Akingbola Kunle
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT This article examines three related questions about unincorporated social economy organizations (USEOs): What are the characteristics of these social economy organizations? What is the unique bundle of resources that gives rise to and sustains their operations? Is there evidence of bricolage in these organizations? The findings suggest that USEOs are driven foremost by a social mission. USEOs provide diverse services and products including economic and specialized social activities, which are integral to the social fabric of society. The results also show that they combine and leverage two core resources – social capital and human capital – to support the operations of their organizations. Moreover they appear to draw on whatever resources are at their disposal to support the activities of the organization. This suggests that USEOs are involved in bricolage activities, which could explain the longevity of many of the organizations. RÉSUMÉ Cet article répond à trois questions étroitement liées sur les organismes d’économie sociale non constitués en société : Quelles sont les caractéristiques de ces organismes? Quelles sont les ressources particulières qui leur permettent de fonctionner? Ces organismes ont-ils recours au bricolage (dans le sens que Claude Lévi-Strauss prête à ce mot)? Les résultats indiquent qu’une mission sociale est ce qui motive les organismes d’économie sociale non enregistrés. Ces derniers fournissent une diversité de produits et services, y compris des activités économiques et sociales spécialisées qui sont essentielles pour la solidarité sociale. Les résultats montrent aussi que ces organismes combinent deux ressources clés – le capital social et le capital humain – afin d’appuyer le bon fonctionnement de leurs organisations. En outre, pour ce faire, ils ont apparemment recours à toute ressource qui soit à leur portée. Cette dernière pratique indique que les organismes d’économie sociale non constitués en société mènent vraisemblablement des activités de bricolage, ce qui pourrait expliquer pourquoi bon nombre de leurs organisations ont si longue vie.
Individual and Organizational Factors in the Interchangeability of Paid Staff and Volunteers: Perspectives of Volunteers
Authors: Mook Laurie , Farrell Eddie , Chum Antony , Handy Femida , Schugurensky Daniel , Quarter Jack
Published: April 2017

This study builds upon earlier studies of the degree of interchangeability between volunteers and paid staff in nonprofit organizations. While these earlier studies were from an organization perspective, this study is from the perspective of volunteers, and looks at individual and organizational characteristics in all types of organizations—nonprofits, for-profits, government agencies, and others. The findings indicate that 10.8% of volunteers reported replacing a paid staff member, 3.1% permanently. Volunteers also reported being replaced by paid staff: 7.6% reported being replaced, 2.1% permanently. The study suggests that organizations utilize a co-production model and appear to interchange their paid staff and volunteers when needed in tasks requiring higher-level skills. RÉSUMÉ Cette étude se fonde sur des études antérieures qui portaient sur le niveau d’interchangeabilité entre Cette étude se fonde sur des études antérieures qui portaient sur le niveau d’interchangeabilité entre bénévoles et salariés dans des organismes à but non lucratif. Tandis que ces études antérieures adoptaient une perspective organisationnelle, cette étude-ci adopte celle des bénévoles et examine les caractéristiques individuelles et organisationnelles de toutes sortes d’organisations—à but non lucratif, à but lucratif, gouvernementaux et coopératifs. Elle se fonde sur deux sous-échantillons provenant d’une enquête aléatoire par téléphone avec 768 individus provenant de partout au Canada. Les résultats indiquent que 10,8% des bénévoles disent avoir remplacé un salarié, 3,1% en permanence. Les bénévoles disent d’autre part que des salariés les ont remplacés : 7,6% ont ainsi été remplacés par des salariés, 2,1% en permanence. L’étude semble montrer que les organisations utilisent un modèle de co-production et paraissent échanger leurs salariés et bénévoles au besoin pour des tâches requérant des habiletés de haut niveau.
Social Enterprise in Quebec: Understanding Their "Institutional Footprint"
Authors: Bouchard Marie J. , Filho Paulo Cruz , Zerdani Tassadit
Published: April 2017

This article explores how the social enterprise concept is used in Québec. Focusing on the historical, institutional, and current conceptual understanding of the social economy in Québec, it explores the related definitions, terminology, and typologies currently in use. The term “social enterprise” is near absent in Québec, mainly due to the highly recognized notion of social economy. However, not all Québec enterprises that pursue social goals fit into the social economy institutional definition. This article proposes a conceptual framework for understanding the modalities of Québec’s field of social economy and other social purpose enterprises. It suggests that “social enterprises” in Québec are those that participate in the social purposes of the social economy without sharing the core and institutionalized characteristics of social economy enterprises.Cet article explore l’usage du terme « entreprise sociale » au Québec. Se basant sur des aspects historiques, institutionnels et conceptuels, l’article explore les définitions et les typologies qui ont cours aujourd’hui. L’expression « entreprise sociale » est rarement mentionnée, dû à la forte reconnaissance de l’économie sociale. Toutefois, il existe des entreprises au Québec qui, tout en poursuivant des objectifs sociaux, ne correspondent pas à la définition institutionnelle de l’économie sociale. La principale contribution de cet article est de proposer un cadre conceptuel pour comprendre le champ de l’économie sociale et des autres entreprises à finalité sociale. Il suggère que les « entreprises sociales » sont celles qui participent aux objectifs sociaux de l’économie sociale mais qui n’en ont pas les caractéristiques institutionnelles.
Cultivating Alliances: The Local Organic Food Co-ops Network
Authors: Sumner Jennifer , Wever Cassie
Published: April 2017

Although social movements can lose their way in neoliberal times, building alliances can help them to leverage their strengths and overcome their weaknesses, thus avoiding co-optation and “mission drift.” One example of this strategy can be found within the co-operative movement: the Local Organic Food Co-ops Network in Ontario. A pilot study of six co-operatives in this organization reveals that they cultivate alliances in four ways: among member co-ops, through the creation of the network, with other types of organizations, and with other social movements. These alliances strengthen the co-operative movement, help to make the politics of alternative food systems work, influence the economy toward co-operation, and open up possibilities for establishing and maintaining a more sustainable food system. RÉSUMÉ Les mouvements sociaux, bien qu’ils puissent s’égarer à l’ère du néolibéralisme, peuvent établir des alliances afin de profiter de leurs atouts et surmonter leurs faiblesses, évitant ainsi la cooptation ou les déviations. On retrouve un exemple de cette stratégie d’alliance dans le cadre du mouvement coopératif en Ontario : The Local Organic Food Co-ops Network. Une étude pilote de six coopératives faisant partie de cette organisation révèle que celles-ci créent des alliances de quatre manières différentes : entre coopératives membres, grâce à la création du réseau même, avec d’autres types d’organisation et avec d’autres mouvements sociaux. Ces alliances renforcent le mouvement coopératif, aident à faire fonctionner les systèmes d’alimentation alternative, encouragent la collaboration économique et contribuent à établir et maintenir un système d’alimentation plus durable.
A RACIONALIDADE PRÁTICO-ARGUMENTATIVA NO CONFLITO ENTRE PRINCÍPIOS E REGRAS
THE RATIONALITY PRACTICAL-ARGUMENTATIVE IN CONFLICT PRINCIPLES AND RULES
Authors: Souza (UnB/ CAPES) Eliane Ferreira de
Published: April 2017

O presente artigo traz uma discussão acerca da “superação” da regra jurídica, quando, por motivo de complexidade e excepcionalidade do caso, aquela sequer é aplicada em virtude de conflitar com princípio jurídico. Por esse motivo, é que é necessária uma racionalidade prático-argumentativa, que, mesmo não sendo de todo efetiva, ao menos caminha para uma tentativa ideal e coerente de construção de argumentos.
Actividades y uso del tiempo de las y los jóvenes que ni estudian ni trabajan en Colombia
Authors: Ochoa Díaz Diana , Silva Arias Adriana Carolina , Sarmiento Espinel Jaime Andrés
Published: April 2017

Este artículo estudia a qué actividades se dedicaron los jóvenes colombianos entre los 15 años y 24 años que ni estudian ni trabajan (ninis), así como también analiza el uso de su tiempo. En específico, se identificaron las diferencias de género en las actividades principales que realizaron unos y otras, poniendo énfasis al tiempo consagrado a su ejecución. Para ello, se utilizó la Encuesta Nacional de Uso del Tiempo 2012-2013. Se evidenció que existe una marcada diferenciación de género en los roles del hogar por sexo desde tempranas edades, ya que las jóvenes se concentraron más a las labores de trabajo no remunerado del hogar y la familia, generando una polarización genérica que incrementa la desigualdad de oportunidades en su bienestar presente y futuro.
El fundamento de los principios jurídicos: una cuestión problemática
Authors: Rodriguez Jose Julián Suarez
Published: April 2017

El presente artículo tiene por objeto hacer un análisis de la influencia quela categoría normativa de los principios jurídicos ha tenido en el derechoconstitucional colombiano y la manera como ha transformado la teoría y lapráctica del derecho constitucional contemporáneo. Además, se plantea unacuestión olvidada en la teoría contemporánea de los principios jurídicos: elfundamento último de la fuerza normativa de los principios. Así, se ofrececomo respuesta final, apenas entrevista, que la dignidad humana constituyeel cimiento de las exigencias iusconstitucionales contenidas en los principiosjurídicos.
El cambio en la estructura de la industria de confección en Colombia, la subcontratación y el desarrollo de proveedores
Authors: Fernández de Soto Jorge Eduardo Medina
Published: April 2017

La estructura de la industria de la confección está cambiando en el mundo: ladistribución y comercialización se está realizando a través de grandes cadenasde comercialización, multinacionales con marcas propias e hipermercados,las cuales utilizan la subcontratación para responder a las exigencias delos clientes finales en precios, diseño, velocidad de entrega y calidad. Estecambio ha afectado el sector textil manufacturero en Colombia, el cual debeestar preparado para identificar y consolidar empresas líderes y aumentar sucompetitividad. En este artículo se busca definir los criterios para la seleccióny el desarrollo de la subcontratación, teniendo en cuenta que existen dos tiposbásicos: las maquiladoras y los de paquete completo.
Estrategias creativas y metacognitivas en el aprendizaje musical
Authors: Ordoñez Henry Roa
Published: April 2017

Este artículo explora las relaciones entre el rendimiento musical y el desarrollometacognitivo de los estudiantes de lectoescritura musical en la Escuela deArtes y Música de la Universidad Sergio Arboleda. El campo de interés estácentrado en una experiencia piloto que incluye procedimientos creativos,procesos de transcripción musical, transferencia a otros dominios curricularesy aprovechamiento de los saberes emergentes de la cultura del estudiantecomo componentes valiosos para realizar aprendizajes contextualizados. Seconcluye que existe un estrecho vínculo favorable entre el rendimiento musicaly los procesos metacognitivos. Hecho que beneficia la cualificación de lascompetencias de enseñanza de los maestros y de aprendizaje de los estudiantes.
Rozwój rynku listów zastawnych w Polsce w kontekście nowych zmian regulacyjnych
Authors: Frańczuk Małgorzata
Published: April 2017

Listy zastawne są papierami wartościowymi, których celem emisji ma być refinansowanie kredytów hipotecznych udzielanych przez banki. W Polsce listy zastawne są wciąż mało popularne pomimo, że regulacje prawne w tym zakresie istnieją od 1997 roku. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na problem niewielkiego rozwoju listów zastawnych w Polsce oraz na szanse ich rozwoju w kontekście znowelizowanej ustawy o listach zastawnych i bankach hipotecznych oraz nowo wprowadzonych do polskiego porządku prawnego unijnej dyrektywy CRD IV oraz rozporządzenia CRR (tzw. pakietu CRD IV/CRR). W artykule opisano także sposób funkcjonowania listów zastawnych, banków hipotecznych i kredytu hipotecznego.
Zmiany oprocentowania i wolumenu kredytów dla przedsiębiorstw a zmiany stóp procentowych NBP w latach 2008–2015
Authors: Balina Rafał , Juszczyk Sławomir
Published: April 2017

Celem badań było ustalenie kształtowania się podstawowych stóp procentowych NBP i ich wpływu na zmianę wolumenu kredytów dla przedsiębiorstw niefinansowych w Polsce w latach 2008–2015. W trakcie analiz przedstawiono kształtowanie się zależności między wybranymi stopami procentowymi NBP, wolumenem kredytów udzielonych dla przedsiębiorstw niefinansowych oraz przeciętnego oprocentowania tych kredytów. W części badawczej za pomocą narzędzi statystycznych podjęto próbę ustalenia związków między zmiennymi. Uzyskane wyniki wskazały na występowanie silnej zależności między zmianami stóp procentowych NBP a oprocentowaniem kredytów dla przedsiębiorstw niefinansowych. Dodatkowo badania wykazały, że zmianom stóp procentowych odpowiadał nieadekwatny poziom zmian wolumenu udzielonych kredytów dla przedsiębiorstw sektora niefinansowego.
Institutional theory of accounting: new opportunities and scales of profession
Authors: Zhuk Valeriy
Published: April 2017

The article evaluates the processes of formation of contemporary accounting theories by scholars in developed countries. Principles of the new institutional theory of accounting are elaborated. The need to transform accounting activities from a functional management subsystem into a social institution in the economic space is substantiated. The components and processes that characterize the state and influence accounting activities are described. Mechanisms to manage processes of the accounting institution are proposed. Concepts of the classification, hierarchy and interaction of the accounting institution, accounting engineering, accounting imperialism and engineering theory of management accounting are explained.