bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Iron, Copper and Zinc in the Wine by FAAS
Authors: Durguti Valon Ylvi , Aliu Suzana , Laha Fisnik , Feka Fidan
Published: October 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this paper has been to determine quantitatively the presence of some heavy metals (Fe, Cu and Zn) which are of particular importance for the wine quality and human health. A total of 41 samples have been analyzed during different stages of winemaking. Methods: The determination of heavy metals is done by analytical technique known as Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS). The limit set by the EU directive EC 606/2009 and International Office of Vine and Wine (OIV) has been taken as reference values. Results and Discussion: None of the analyzed samples has exceeded the limits set by the EU and OIV, excluding the type of white wine known as Rhine Riesling. In this sample the Cu concentration exceeds several times the permissible values. Findings: It has been observed that heavy metals immediately after the alcoholic fermentation process probably continue to remain even for a while in the upper part until wine sediment forms at the bottom of the tank. A higher concentration of heavy metals was observed in the samples taken from the bottom of the wine tank. Conclusion: The analyzed wines samples do not pose a risk in the future to human health. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2020-01240 Full Text: PDF
Kendi kendine / kendiliğinden olma / oluş bildiren eylemlerin sınıflandırılması üzerine
Authors: ÜSTÜNOVA Kerime
Published: October 2020

Eylemlerin sınıflandırılmaları konusu, Aristo’dan günümüze pek çok araştırmacı tarafından ele alınmış; anlamsal, biçimsel, yapısal özellikler, kılınış, görünüş vb. çok farklı dil bilimsel roller göz önünde bulundurularak birbirinden farklı çalışmalarla ortaya konmuştur. Ancak çatı ulamının sınıflandırmalarda göz ardı edilişi dikkat çekicidir. Kendi kendine / kendiliğinden olma / oluş bildiren eylemler, dil çalışmalarında daha çok anlamsal ve yapısal özelliklerinden yola çıkılarak sıklıkla oluş eylemleri olarak ele alınır. Farklı yaklaşımlar, kendi kendine / kendiliğinden olma / oluş bildiren eylemler konusunda da geçerli olduğundan hiçbir sınıflandırma birbirini tutmaz. Ortak noktaları olmakla birlikte birbirlerinden ayrılan yönlerinin bulunuşu, bunların da kendi içinde sınıflandırılmasını kaçınılmaz kılar. Kendi kendine / kendiliğinden olma / oluş bildiren eylemlerin birbirlerinden farklı olmalarını sağlayan canlı-cansız özne ayrımı; çatı ekleri olarak tanımlanan {-n}, {-l}, {-ş}, {-DIr}, {-t}, {-Ar}, {-Ir}, {-r} eklerinden birini hangi işlevle olursa olsun alıp almamaları ve öge ekleme, öge çıkarma, öge değiştirme, öge silme adı verilen dil olayları eylemlerin sınıflandırılmasında belirleyici olmalıdır. Bu çalışmada, en büyük fark olarak görülen bu özelliklerden hareketle kendi kendine / kendiliğinden olma / oluş bildiren eylemlerin, üst başlıkta oluş eylemleri ve olma bildiren eylemler olarak sınıflandırılışı değerlendirilecektir. Sınıflandırmada söz konusu eylemlerin birbirlerinden farklı olmalarını sağlayan 1. canlı-cansız özne ayrımı, 2. öznenin yapılan işi algılayıp algılamayışı, 3. öznenin bilinç düzeyi, 4. öznenin eylemden etkilenen / olduran / olan dil bilgisel birimleri olarak hizmet edip etmeyişi, 5. biçim birimsel yöntemle çatı ulamına katılma biçimi (çatı eklerinden birini hangi işlevle olursa olsun alıp almamaları), 6. kurulan cümlelerde öge ekleme, öge silme, öge değiştirme olaylarının gerçekleşip gerçekleşmemesi ölçüt olarak kullanılacaktır.
Ankara’nın ütopyasından Panorama’nın realitesine
Authors: KOÇAK Tuba
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışmada, Yakup Kadri'nin 1930'lu yılların başında kaleme alarak 1934 yılında yayımladığı Ankara romanı ile birincisini 1950 yılında, ikincisini de 1954 yılında yayımladığı Panorama I ve II romanları arasında “asıl mesele” ile “umulan-gerçekleşen” bağlamında ortaya çıkan farklar nezdinde bir mukayese yapmak amaçlanmıştır. İki eserin oluşumu arasında geçen sürede hem ülkenin genel durumunda ciddi değişikler yaşanmış hem de yazarın hayatı ve bunun doğal sonucu olarak fikriyatı ile edebi olgunluk seviyesinde değişimler olmuştur. Ankara romanını 1934'te yayımlayan Yakup Kadri, romanın olay zamanını 1945 yılına dayandırır. Yazarın yaşayıp tanık olduğu seneleri de anlatmakla birlikte, henüz yaşanmamış bir on yılı anlattığı görülür. Eserin "Üçüncü Kısım" tasnifiyle birlikte başlayan ve anlatının sonuna kadar devam eden kısım bir ütopyadır. Yakup Kadri, kendi durduğu takvimsel zamanın ötesini, bir varsayımlar silsilesi niteliğinde hayal gücüyle -hatta daha doğru ifadesi ile söylenecek olursa umut gücüyle- kurgulamıştır. Tek bir eserde toplanıp tek bir romanmış gibi okura sunulmuş olan Panorama romanlarının ikisinde de anlatı zamanı tam da yazarın yaşadığı gerçek zamanla uyumlu olarak sonlanır. Anlatı zamanı ile olay zamanı arasında realist bir bağ vardır. Panorama’da Yakup Kadri, yalnızca bizzat yaşadığı gerçek bir süreci anlatmıştır. Bu çalışmada; Ankara’da yaşanmadan anlatılmış muhayyel on yılın Panorama I ve II’de yaşanarak anlatılması üzerine ortaya çıkan farkların aktarılması amaçlanmıştır. Mukayese yöntemi ile tespit edilen farklar maddeler hâlinde sunulmuştur.
Mü’min Sûresinin belâgat yönünden incelenmesi
Authors: UZUN Rahmetullah , KESKİN Uğur
Published: October 2020

Arap dili ve edebiyatı açısından özgün bir yere sahip olan cahiliye devri, şiir ve edebiyatın zirveye ulaştığı bir dönem olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır. O dönemde panayırlarda şiir yarışmaları düzenlenir, beğenilen şiirler Kâbe’nin duvarına asılır ve dereceye giren şairler ödüllendirilirdi. Kur’ân-ı Kerîm, edebiyatın zirveye ulaştığı bu dönemde nazil olmuş ve belâgat yönünden eşsiz bir yerde konumlanmıştır. Dönemin en seçkin edîp ve şâirleri, Kur’ân’ın dili ve üslûbu karşısında hayretler içerisinde kalmıştır. Arap dili ve edebiyatında müstakil bir ilim olan belâgat; sözün açık, net ve anlaşılır olmasıyla birlikte uygun mekân ve zamanda söylenmesini ifade etmektedir. İnsanda doğuştan gelen bir meleke olarak bulunan belâgat, uygun şartlar ve yeterli eğitim sayesinde yetkinlik kazanılabilecek bir çalışma alanı olma özelliği taşımaktadır. Birçok İslâmî ilim gibi belâgat da Kur’ân’ın daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunabilecek îzâh biçimlerine sahip bulunmaktadır. Arap dili ve belâgatindeki edebî sanatların, Kur’ân sûrelerinin her birinde eşsiz bir üslupla yer aldığı görülebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Kur’ân’ın kırkıncı sûresi olan Mü’min Sûresi belâgat yönünden incelenmiştir. Mekke döneminde nâzil olan bu sûre, Firavun ailesine mensup mü’min bir kişiden bahsettiği için bu adı almıştır. Sûre aynı zamanda üçüncü ayette geçen ve Allah’ın sıfatlarından biri olan, bağışlayan anlamındaki “Gâfir” ismiyle de anılmaktadır. Sûrede, belâgat incelemelerine konu olan mecâz, istiâre, cinâs, tıbâk, kinâye ve mübâlağa gibi edebî unsurların hangi biçimlerde yer aldığı bu makalede belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Kur’ân’ın belâgat yönünü daha iyi anlayabilmek amacına dönük olarak bu çalışmada sözlük, tefsîr, belâgat ve benzeri kaynaklara mürâcaat edilmiştir.
“İbnü’l-vakt” ve “ebü’l-vakt” kavramlarının klasik Türk tasavvuf edebiyatındaki kullanımı
Authors: GÜNAYDIN Alper
Published: October 2020

Tasavvuf ile ilgilenenler fark ederler ki seyr ü sülûk denilen yolda sûfînin pek çok vasfı ve makamı vardır. Bu makamların isimlerinin, tarikatların muhtelif ana ve ara kollarına göre de ayrıca farklı isimler aldığı göz önünde bulundurulursa, sayıları daha da artar. Tüm bu makam, vasıf ve sıfatlar, gördüğümüz kadarıyla şu iki kavramla ilgilidir; ibnü’l-vakt ve ebü’l-vakt. Tasavvufa göre ibnü’l-vakt, geçmiş ve gelecek kaygısından kurtulan ve yalnızca bugünü değerlendirmekle meşgul olan; ebü’l-vakt ise tüm zamanların endişesinden tamamen kurtulan kişi olarak tanımlanabilir. Yani bu iki kavram sâlikin, vakt ile ilişkisi bağlamında tüm seyr ü sülûk adlı manevi yolculuğunu iki ana kısma böler; ibnü’l-vakt olanlar ve ol[a]mayanlar. Çalışmada önce bu iki kavramın İbnü’l-Arabî, İmâm-ı Rabbânî, Kuşeyrî ve Sühreverdî’nin tasavvufun temel klasikleri ve ana referans kaynakları sayılan muhtelif eserlerinden referansla literatürde nasıl geçtiği ele alınacak; daha sonra, klasik Türk tasavvuf edebiyatının önde gelen isimleri olan Mevlânâ, Niyâzî-i Mısrî, Askerî, Bursevî ve Usûlî’nin şiirlerinden hareketle bu kavramların bizzat mutasavvıf şairlerce nasıl algılandıkları ortaya konulacaktır. Araştırmaya bu mutasavvıf şairlerin dâhil edilmesinin sebebi ise temsil ettikleri yahut mensubu oldukları Mevlevîlik, Gülşenîlik, Halvetîlik vb. Türk tasavvufunun farklı ekollerinin meseleye nasıl baktığını ortaya koyabilmektir. Yine örneklem yapılırken ibnü’l-vakt ve ebü’l-vakt kavramlarının bilhassa lafzen veya mealen doğrudan birlikte geçtiği yerler tercih edildi. Sonuç itibariyle bu çalışmada ibnü’l-vakt ve ebü’l-vakt kavramlarının tanımları yapıldı, tasavvuf edebiyatındaki kullanımları tespit edildi, İnsan-zaman münasebetinin psikolojik boyutunu ihtiva eden bu kavramların, şairlerce nasıl algılandığı ortaya konularak bazı değerlendirmeler yapıldı.
The analysis of the importance of Turkish coffee and coffeehouses with the comparison between British and Ottoman culture
Authors: ÇAPAR İLERİ Sinem
Published: October 2020

Coffee is one of the most popular beverages around the world and its social and commercial value is high and widespread. Drinking coffee becomes some kind of a ritual and a favorite pastime activity for many societies. The word “coffee” is originated from the Arabic word qahwa, which later became kahve in Turkish language, and entered European languages after coffee is introduced to Europe from the Ottoman Empire. In the Ottoman Empire, especially in the 16th century, for the first time, Turkish people confronted with the coffee After that time, “Turkish coffee” began to be considered as a special kind of coffee due to the differences both in preparation and presentation. Considering the presentation, roasted coffee beans are boiled in a special pot named cezve in Turkish, usually with sugar, and served in a cup named fincan which is generally similar to an Italian espresso cup in size. In Britain, first coffeehouse was opened by Pasqua Rosée in St. Michael’s Alley, Cornhill, London whose real name was Paşa Rıza. After the introduction of coffee and the establishment of coffeehouses in Britain, the public gave a special meaning to Turkish coffee and coffeehouses as a means of socialization and education. Thus, coffeehouses served to illuminate British citizens for a long time. All in all, this study is aimed to analyse the interaction between British and Ottoman culture in relation to the introduction and negotiation of coffee and coffeehouses in the Ottoman and England.
Exploring Groupness—A Mixed Methods Imitation Game Inquiry
Authors: Segersven Otto , Arminen Ilkka , Simonen Mika
Published: October 2020

This article describes the use of a mixed methods research approach to explore the dynamics of social group construction with Imitation Game experiments. More specifically, we analyzed in which ways, and how effectively, people draw boundaries in social interaction. That is, we studied ways in which people distinguish between group members and outsiders. Our study included a group of active Christians (n = 20) and non-religious individuals (n = 19) in Finland. We conceptualized the Imitation Game as a mixed data collection instrument because it combines both qualitative and quantitative data in an integrated manner. As part of our analysis, we introduce an indicator called the Sequential Identification Ratio (SIR), which is an indicator of how accurately participants draw boundaries in the Imitation Game. The results based on the SIR indicate that group boundaries are established with 4 different strategies: experiential, epistemic, axiological, and linguistic. Finally, we show how a mixed methods researcher can conduct a form of quantitizing to use both quantitative and qualitative aspects of Imitation Game data.
Commentary—Preparing today’s researchers for a yet unknown tomorrow: Promising practices for a synergistic and sustainable mentoring approach to mixed methods research learning
Authors: Poth Cheryl , Munce Sarah EP
Published: October 2020

There is a pressing need to prepare mixed methods researchers for the creative development of methodological advances so that they can contribute to solving complex societal problems. One way to prepare researchers, through mentoring, has long been considered as being one of the most impactful learning experiences because of its developmental and relational focus. Mentoring often focuses on building specific skills to support the mentee’s personal and professional development. Inspired by issues of mentor capacity and the potential of a synergistic mentoring framework advanced by Frels, Newman, and Newman (2015), this commentary describes promising practices for promoting sustainability within mixed methods research mentoring approaches. In closing, we encourage the global mixed methods research community to consider the practical implications of designing and implementing an effective synergistic and sustainable mentoring approach for mixed methods researchers.
IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON SCHOLASTIC ACHIEVEMNT
Authors: G.Sheela  , T. Sangeetha
Published: October 2020

Social media has transformed and impacted on communication, learning, research and education in general. The study aimed to examine the impact of social media on scholastic achievement among higher secondary students The investigator adopted survey method to study the impact of social media on scholastic achievement among higher secondary students. For this study a sample of 300 higher secondary students from five Govt and Private schools which are situated in and around Udumalpet town of Tirupur district in Tamil Nadu were selected by the investigator using simple random sampling technique. The findings reveal that there is no significant impact of social media on scholastic achievement among selected higher secondary students.
Simulation of axicon processing area on technological equipment
Authors: Kozeruk A. S. , Orlandos Dias Gonsales R. , Sukhotski A. A. , Marina I. Philonova M. I.
Published: October 2020

Annotation. An analytical expression is obtained for engineering calculation of the regularities of removing the allowance from the flat surface of the part (a rectangle in the form of a flat glass plate of considerable thickness with holes for axicon blanks), which participates in relative and portable movement on the surface of a rotating tool (faceplate) and is in a power circuit with it, which provides automatic self-installation of lapping surfaces. A scheme is proposed for dividing the lapping surfaces of a flat tool and part into ring zones and sectors, resulting in the formation of elementary platforms with reference (calculated) points in their center. Analytical expressions are obtained for calculating the coordinates of these points. The kinematics of the relative movement of the tool and the straightener without oscillation of the upper link is considered, while the sliding of the conjugate surfaces takes place due to rotation of the tool and the straightener installed with a certain eccentricity. An expression is obtained for determining the sliding speed at any point of contact of the conjugate surfaces. Modeling when dealing with relative and portable movement of the upper unit, which allowed obtaining a formula for the slip velocity of the straightener relative to the tool that allows calculation the path of friction in a particular zone in different modes of operation of technological equipment. Modeling can be used as the basis for creating a method for controlling the process of forming conical optical parts (axicons) on serial lever grinding and polishing machines with a flat tool under free lapping conditions, which provide the possibility of obtaining axicons with a deviation of the forming cone from the straightness of no more than ±0.00012 mm.
Key information related to quality by design (QbD) applications in analytical methods development
Authors: Silva Araújo Alisson , Fernandes Andrade Daniel , Babos Diego Victor , Castro Jeyne Pricylla , Garcia José Augusto , Sperança Marco Aurelio , Gamela Raimundo Rafael , Cardoso Machado Raquel , Câmara Costa Vinícius , Nascimento Guedes Wesley , Rodrigues Pereira-Filho Edenir , Manhas Verbi Pereira Fabíola
Published: October 2020

In this review, quality by design (QbD) initiatives are described as applications for many types of processes, such as in the pharmaceutical industry, biotechnology field, and for analytical methods development. Design space (DS) and design of experiments (DoE) provide useful results for analytical methods development and simulation of advanced processes in traditional manufacturing relationships. The three topics, QbD, DS and DoE are the best way to achieve strong and efficient industrial production.
Response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) at early growth stage to cadmium exposure
Authors: ÇIKILI Yakup , SAMET Halil , ÇİÇEK Nuray
Published: October 2020

The study carried out in greenhouse conditions at daylight in order to evaluate the effects of increasing Cd exposure on growth and physiological characteristics of sunflower at early growth stage as well the accumulation of some metal nutrient ions. Accordingly, the soil treated with six levels of Cd (0, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 µM CdCl2.H2O). The plant growth and root elongation unfavorably affected by Cd exposure and detrimental effect of Cd on plant growth was appeared shoot more than roots. Growth tolerance index (GTI), relative water content (RWC), the contents of chlorophyll (Chl a+b) and carotenoids (Car), the uptakes of zinc (Zn), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca) in shoot and root, and total accumulation rate (TAR) of Zn were decreased by Cd exposure as well as bioaccumulation and translocation of Cd. Furthermore, increasing Cd doses augmented the concentrations and uptakes of Cd in shoot and root, net accumulation of Cd via roots, the TAR of Cd, membrane permeability (MP) and the rate of Car/Chl caused by its toxic effects. This study demonstrated that Cd exposure cause a reduction in growth due to affecting morphological and physiological characteristics of sunflower in the initial stages of plant development.
Pekin Ördeği Semeninin Farklı Sulandırıcılarda +5 ° C' de in vitro Saklanması
Authors: TASKİN Atilla , ERGÜN Fatma , KARADAVUT Ufuk , ERGÜN Demirel
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışmada; Pekin ördeği (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) semeninin farklı sulandırıcılarla +5 °C'de muhafaza edilebilme olanaklarının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Semen örnekleri, beş adet erkek ördekten beş hafta süresince haftada iki kez olmak üzere, abdominal masaj yöntemi ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmada 50 semen örneği kullanılmıştır. Ördeklerden alınan semenler bireysel olarak değerlendirildikten sonra birleştirildi (miks yapıldı). Miks semenin volüm (ml), yoğunluk (×109 /mL), pH, motilite (%) ve vitalite (%) değerleri sırasıyla 1,782±0,195, 1,654±0,247, 6,95±0,283, 70,80±2,57, 76,60±2,93 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sulandırıcı olarak; Glikoz (G), Laktatlı Ringer (L), Tris (T), Fruktoz (F), Dekstroz (D) sulandırıcıları kullanılmıştır. Sulandırılan miks semenler sırasıyla 37 °C'de 30 dakika ve 32-34 °C'de 30 dakika ekilibrasyona tabi tutulduktan sonra, +5 °C'de saklanmıştır. G, L, T, F ve D sulandırıcıları ile +5 °C'de saklanan spermaların 72 saat sonra ortalama motilite (%) değerleri sırasıyla 41,05±1,79, 9,95±6,50, 2,20±1,13, 28,00±4,15, 24,05±5,85 olarak bulundu. Aynı sulandırıcılardave aynı şartlarda vitalite (%) değerleri ise; sırasıyla 44,82±1,73, 19,60±9,08, 10,60±4,50, 35,90±4,83 ve 33,90±2,68 olarak tespit edilmiştir.

Bu çalışmada pekin ördeği semeninin +5 °C'de 72 saat süreli saklanmasında Glikoz sulandırıcısının diğer sulandırıcılara göre iyi sonuç verdiği (P
Sakız Fasulyesi (Cyamopsis tetragonolaba (L.) Taub.)’nin Yaprak ve Tohum Ekstraktlarının Oksidatif DNA Hasarına Karşı Koruyucu Etkisi
Authors: SARAN Ceren , DEMİR Neslihan , GENÇ Hanife
Published: October 2020

Sakız fasulyesi (Cyamopsis tetragonolaba (L.) Taub.), yüksek protein içeriği sebebiyle genellikle yem bitkisi olarak kullanılmakla birlikte, geleneksel tıp alanında, kozmetik, ilaç endüstrisi, petrol endüstrisi, kağıt, madencilik, tekstil sanayiinde ve gıda sektöründe kremşanti ve puding vb. gibi ürünlerde kıvam artırıcı olarak kullanılan tek yıllık bir bitkidir. Bu çalışma, sakız fasulyesinin tohum ve yaprakların farklı konsantrasyonlarındaki (1.56, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5 µM) su ekstraktlarının agaroz jel elektroforez yöntemi ile pBR322 plazmid DNA üzerindeki hidrolitik ve oksidatif kırma aktivitelerinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapıldı. Agaroz jel elektroforezinde, yaprak ekstraktlarının 6.25 µM konsantrasyonda, tohum ekstraktında ise 6.25 µM ve 12.5 µM konsantrasyonlarında plasmid DNA’yı hidrolitik olarak kırdığı belirlendi. Oksidatif kırma aktivitesi için oksitleyici ajan olarak H2O2 kullanıldı. Sakız fasulyesinin yaprak ekstraktının 6.25 ve 12.5 µM’de, tohum ekstraktının 6.25 µM’de oksidatif olarak kırdığı 12.5 µM’de ise DNA’yı denatüre ettiği belirlendi. Bu çalışmada sonucunda sakız fasulyesinin hem yaprak hem de tohumunun sulu ekstraktlarında hidrolitik ve oksitatif DNA kırma aktivitesi tespit edildi. Sakız fasulyesin kullanım alanları ve sıklığı dikkate alındığında antioksidan, antimikrobiyal, antifungal vb. aktiviteleriyle ilgili daha fazla çalışma yapılması gerekmektedir.
Türkiye’de Yem Bitkileri Üretiminin Bölgelere Göre Karşılaştırılması
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Ozan
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu İstatistiki Bölge Birimleri Sınıflaması dikkate alınarak Türkiye’deki 26 bölgenin yem bitkileri yetiştiriciliği bakımından farklılık ve benzerliklerinin ortaya konulmasıdır. Çalışmanın materyalini Türkiye İstatistik Kurumundan elde edilen ikincil veriler oluşturmuştur. Yem bitkileri ekim alanları ve üretim miktarları kullanılarak bölgeler arasındaki ilişkiler çok boyutlu ölçekleme analizi yöntemi ile ortaya konulmuştur. İzmir bölgesinin birinci boyutta en önemli ayrıştırıcı bölge olduğu, Balıkesir bölgesinin ise ikinci boyutta pozitif yükler bakımından en önemli ayrıştırıcı bölge olduğu görülmekte olup bunu Erzurum bölgesi izlemektedir. Van bölgesinin birinci boyutta aldığı en yüksek negatif değerle yem bitkileri yetiştiriciliği bakımından en farklı bölge olduğu, Konya bölgesinin ise aldığı en yüksek negatif değerle ikinci boyutta diğer bölgelerden ayrıldığı belirlenmiştir. Türkiye yem bitkileri üretimi incelendiğinde, yem bitkileri yetiştiriciliğinin belli bir sistematik içerisinde olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Tüm tarımsal ürünlerde olduğu gibi yem bitkileri yetiştiriciliğinde de üretim planlamasının yapılması, bu planlama yapılırken bölgelerin ekolojik koşullarının yanında doğal yem kaynağı olan çayır mera varlıklarının ve ağırlıklı olarak yetiştiriciliği yapılan hayvan türlerinin de dikkate alınması gerekmektedir.
Erzincan İli Bağ Topraklarının Bazı Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: KAYA Özkan
Published: October 2020

Bu araştırma, Erzincan ilinde Karaerik üzüm çeşidi yetiştiriciliğinin yoğun olarak yapıldığı bağ alanlarında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada Üzümlü ilçesinden 20 bağ, Pişkidağ, Bayırbağ ve Karakaya beldelerinin her birinden ise 10 bağ (toplamda 50 bağ) tespit edilmiş ve bu bağ alanlarınının toprak örneklerindeki bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikler belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada incelenen 50 bağ alanı içerisinden Ü-5, B-10, K-5 ve K-9 bağ topraklarında pH’nın 8.00’in üzerinde, Ü-1, Ü-3, P-8, K-4 ve K-6 bağ alanlarının topraklarında ise organik maddece zayıf olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bununla beraber, Ü-1, Ü-2, Ü-3, Ü-4, Ü-7, Ü-9, Ü-10, Ü-11, Ü-12, P-10, K-1, K-4 ve K-8 bağ topraklarının potasyum içeriği bakımından, Ü-9, Ü-11, Ü-12, P-2, P-3, P-4, P-7, P-8, B-5, K-1, K-5, K-6 ve K-9 bağ alanlarının topraklarının ise fosfor içerdiği bakımından zayıf olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla mevcut bağ alanlarındaki çiftçilerinin üzümde verim ve kalite artışı sağlamaları için toprak analizi yaptırarak bağın ihtiyacı olan gübre miktarını uygulamaları gerekmektedir. Genel olarak incelen bağ alanlarının toprakları organik maddece zengin, killi-tınlı, tuzsuz, kireçli, fosfor ve potasyumca zengin, nötr pH yapısına sahip özellik göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak incelenen bağ alanlarına ait mevcut bulgularımız, fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri belirlenen toprakların bağcılık açısından oldukça uygun olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
Effects of different drying methods on the chemical properties and antioxidant activity of edible algae Cystoseira barbata
Authors: BÖLEK Sibel
Published: October 2020

Thanks to its appreciated antioxidant activity and phytochemical properties, Cystoseira barbata has great potential as a functional food. Since algae slurry is perishable and can spoil within a short time, drying of algae is mandatory for storage. Since the drying method can affect chemical content of the finished product, it is critical to determine the appropriate drying method. The comparison of influences of drying techniques on chemical properties and antioxidant activity of edible algae C. barbata was investigated. The alga was dried by sun, hot air, and freeze drying. Effects of the drying technique on total phenolic, flavonoid, carotenoid, anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity of C. barbata were investigated. The drying technique affected the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the C. barbata samples significantly (p
Optimum Design of Brake Pedal for Trucks Using Structural Optimization and Design of Experiment Techniques
Authors: DOĞAN Oğuz , KALAY Onur , KARTAL Emirhan , KARPAT Fatih
Published: October 2020

Along with the recent developments and innovations in the automotive and heavy vehicle industry, the performance requirements such as fuel efficiency, emissions reduction, low manufacturing cost, etc., keep in-creasing day by day. In order to have a place in the world market, it is es-sential to meet these requirements. Along with the other strategies, vehi-cle weight reduction is one of the most critical strategies in the heavy ve-hicle industry. This paper aims to obtain an optimal design of a truck brake pedal by employing topology and shape optimization. To accom-plish this goal, the material used for an existing brake pedal is unchanged as this study focuses on reducing the weight of the existing brake pedal without material substitution. The rough dimensions of the brake pedal are designed by inspiring the results of the topology optimization. To de-termine the precise dimensions of the brake pedal design of experiment (DOE) and shape optimization studies are conducted respectively. Wall and flange thickness are defined as variable parameters for the DOE. Three different values are selected for each design parameter. Stress analyses are conducted by using the finite element method for nine cases. As a result of the studies mentioned so far, two responses are obtained. In order to obtain minimum weight value, which is possible shape optimiza-tion is performed by using fmincon function in MATLAB®. As a result of the study, the mass reduction of the brake pedal is %50, and it is shown that the developed method can be used to design a lightweight truck brake pedal.
PENDAMPINGAN BELAJAR DI RUMAH BAGI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR TERDAMPAK COVID-19
Authors: Handayani Tri , Khasanah Hariyani Nur , Yoshinta Rolisda
Published: October 2020

Covid-19 telah memaksa seluruh aspek kehidupan untuk melakukan penyesuaian. Untuk mencegah penyebaran Covid-19, pembelajaran di semua level pendidikan di Indonesia harus dilakukan secara daring. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hambatan yang dihadapi siswa SD di Dusun Kedungrengit, Desa Tegalarum, Kecamatan Borobudur selama pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi Covid-19, dan mengetahui peran program pendampingan belajar di rumah terhadap pemahaman belajar siswa. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian studi kasus dengan metode  deskriptif kualitatif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 9 siswa kelas 4 sekolah dasar di Dusun Kedungrengit, Desa Tegalarum, Borobudur yang menjalankan pembelajaran daring. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode triangulasi melalui tiga cara yaitu  observasi partisipatif aktif, wawancara terstruktur, dan dokumentasi. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa kendala dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring, antara lain  keterbatasan interaksi guru dalam menjelaskan materi sehingga banyak siswa yang tidak paham, ketidaksiapan orang tua dalam membimbing anaknya belajar, dan biaya internet yang dikeluarkan selama pembelajaran daring menjadi lebih banyak. Untuk mengatasi hambatan-hambatan tersebut, program pendampingan belajar diberikan bagi siswa terdampak Covid-19. Program ini dinilai berdampak positif baik bagi siswa maupun orang tua siswa untuk mengatasi hambatan-hambatan yang dihadapi.
Toward Gender-Inclusive Postsecondary Data Collection
Authors: Ford Karly S. , Rosinger Kelly O. , Choi Junghee , Pulido Gabriel
Published: October 2020

Many postsecondary datasets collect gender data in ways that are not inclusive of all students. Many trans* students, those who identify as trans women, trans men, genderqueer, among other gender identities, are excluded when surveys collect gender data using only two categories. The American Bar Association recently became the first sector of higher education to collect and report enrollment data using three gender categories for all U.S. law schools. Between 2014 and 2019, there was a steady rise in the number of law schools that reported enrolling students in the “other” gender category. We interpret this growth to signify that law schools are beginning to collect data on students who were already there, not a reflection of exponential growth in trans* enrollment in law school. A more inclusive approach to gender data collection is necessary to better understand the educational trajectories of trans* students. However, data collection alone is not sufficient and may in fact be problematic. Importantly, we encourage quantitative researchers to consider their role in processes of administrative violence—that is, the ways in which the use of discrete identity categories (such as male, female and/or other) can create barriers for trans* students as they access healthcare, student housing and campus services.
“Servants of the Tsar”: The Polish-Lithuanian subject Szymon Romejkow and the boyar’s son Vasiliy Shalygin, the informers of Moscow before the Smolensk War (1632–1634)
Authors:   Russian State Archive for Ancient Acts, Rakitin Antоn S.
Published: October 2020

In 1632, the ceasefire expired, signed between the Moscow State and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in December 1618. Under the terms of this peace agreement, Moscow ceded to the Polish side a number of western territories, including Smolensk, Nevel, Sebezh, as well as the cities of Severia (Trubchevsk, Starodub, Chernihiv, Pochep, Novgorod- Seversky). It should be noted that in the Russian capital, preparations for the upcoming war began already in the late 1620s. In particular, this concerned the collection of data on events in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth through scouts, spies and informants, some of whom acted on the territory of Severia, or rather, on the Russian-Polish borderland. The documentation of the Razryadny Prikaz of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (Moscow) contains a small set of documents on the activities of two informants from Lithuania: Szymon Romejkow, a nobleman of the country, and the Russian Vasily Shalygin, a son of a boyar. The details of their recruitment to the Russian service are unknown, however, already since 1629 these people had an active correspondence with the Bryansk voivodes, reporting everything that was happening in Poland. Their information turned out to be the most relevant in 1632, when the period of “Interrex” began in the Commonwealth. It was then in Moscow that they considered it necessary to take revenge and to declare war to their neighbour ahead of schedule.
Russia, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the issue of restoration of permanent diplomatic missions at the end of 1680s
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Domrachev Nikоlay E.
Published: October 2020

In the last third of the 17th century, the diplomatic relations between Muscovy and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth were significantly modernized. The countries exchanged permanent diplomatic representatives called “residents” by the contemporaries. This process was connected to the increase in contacts between the two countries facing the Ottoman offensive in East and Central Europe. But the common external threat did not lead to the end of historical tensions between Muscovy and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth that was reflected in the fate of the permanent missions. The latter were eliminated in 1677. Only after the Treaty of Perpetual Peace (1686) conditions were created to resume the activities of the residents. Meanwhile, the inner circle of Jan III Sobieski and the government of the Prince Vasiliy V. Golitsyn had different views of the functions and goals of diplomatic representatives. A significant role in resuming the activities of the “residencies” played the mutual disbelief of the establishment of both countries and their wish to control the main actions of the ally.
The image of K. Kalinowski and the reflection of the events of the 1863–1864 uprising in contemporary Belarusian historiography
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Yalovega Vyacheslav I.
Published: October 2020

The article is a review of the development of the image of K. Kalinowski in Belarusian historiography. His appearance is associated with the activities of Vacłaŭ Justynavič Łastoŭski. In the 1920-1930s, the image of Kalinowski developed thanks to the activities of Usievaład Makaravič Ihnatoŭski - the founder of the nationally oriented Soviet school of Belarusian historians. The postwar stage in the development of Soviet historiography required new approaches to the study of the uprising of 1863-1864, which is now commonly called the national liberation for a number of peoples of the former Russian Empire. In this regard, Belarusian researchers reveal the figure of K. Kalinowski as a link between Russian revolutionary democracy and Polish rebels. The works of Anatol Pilipavič Smirnoŭ, Viačasłaŭ Fieliksavič Šalkievič, Michaił Vosipavič Bič, characterize this period. In the 1990s, Belarusian historiography got rid of censorship obstacles and published a number of Kalinowski’s works, which had been banned in the Soviet Union because of their explicit Russophobe orientation (the complete collection of K. Kalinowski’s works was published under the edition of Hienadź Vasilevič Kisialoŭ). The boundary of the first and second decades of the 21th century is marked by the polarization of views on Kalinowski - in the works of Alaksandr Jurjevič Biendzin and Alaksandr Dźmitryjevič Hronski, Kalinowski appears not as a Belarusian national hero, but as a purely Polish figure. The second decade of the century was marked by the works of Zmicier Kuźmienka and Vasil Uładzimiravič Hierasimčyk, in which Kalinowski’s apologization is combined with attempts to use new approaches to the study of his personality.
Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk on the old and the new Russia in his work “The World Revolution” (on occasion on his 170th anniversary)
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zadorozhnyuk Ella G.
Published: October 2020

The article justifies the answer to the question: which were reasons for events T. G. Masaryk called the world revolution, and in this perspective - what practical steps and further conclusions for the construction of the Czechoslovak statehood he took as the future president of the country - the great ideal and real-politician of the 20th century. It is noted that this statehood was conceived by Masaryk on the basis of the old (until February 1917) Russia, and it was created in the course of complex interactions with the new Russia. An attempt was made to show that it was the flair of real politics that prevented Masaryk from renouncing certain provisions of ideal politics - if one recognizes among them the respect for the free choice of peoples. Masaryk adequately and, it can be said, relevantly describes the key moments of the Russian Revolution - the motor of the world revolution, during which “small” peoples received (or returned) their statehood. Hence the respectful attitude to the very fact of the revolution against the background of ideologically engaged judgements, and to the almost unopposed choice of the Russian people. Reading the work “The World Revolution” from this perspective encourages an adequate assessment of the state wisdom of the thinker and politician, the real president of the new country. The urgency of a new reading of T. G. Masaryk’s work is argued, it is noted that a number of its provisions are significant for modern times, when ideal inducements to political activity are not allocated to second or even third plans. This same reading can help in understanding the reasons not only for the originating of the Czechoslovak state, but for its breaking up as well.
“A big friend of the Belarusian people”: Eugen von Engelhardt and his Odissey
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Barinov Igоr I.
Published: October 2020

The paper examines the life and legacy of Eugen von Engelhardt (1899- 1948), a German-Baltic aristocrat, author of the first German-language monograph on Belarus. A truly adventurous person, Engelhardt had been a soldier, landowner, forestry specialist and he traveled around the world before choosing an academic career. Born and raised in the southeast of Courland, in the places of compact residence of Belarusians, he developed an early interest to the Belarusian problem. Deeply involved in the Nazi movement, Engelhardt was one of the theorists of the so-called “soft line” of occupation policy during the War in the East. It envisaged a number of economic and political preferences for Belarusians, with the aim of fostering collaboration between them and Germans. In his concept, Engelhardt, a native landlord, used a Pre-Modern pattern of feudal relationship between the benevolent German nobles and obedient Belarusian serves, which was in no way compatible with the nature of Nazi politics in the East. Moreover, Engelhardt’s approach contained a number of serious flaws. Nevertheless, his main work, “Weissruthenien: Volk und Land”, for a long time remained the only work on this region.
Folk mythology in the region Pchinia in South Slavic context
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Plotnikova Anna A.
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of folk mythology from the region of Pčinja, located on the Serbian-Macedonian border and preserving the archaic features in the local tradition at the turn of the 21th century, when we have an ethnolinguistic expedition in the village of Jablanica (1998). It is shown that the specificity of folk mythological representations is related to the location of the region at the intersection of the main traditions of the Eastern part of South Slavia. However, a number of recorded mythological names connect the region with the Central and Western parts of Southern Slavia. The features of the tradition that have parallels in Eastern, South-Eastern and Southern Serbia (including Serbian Kosovo villages), Macedonia and Western Bulgaria are analyzed in detail. The paper uses an ethnolinguistic research method aimed at studying language phenomena in close relationship with the extralinguistic context, which is especially important for the analysis of folk mythological representations, when the same demonological image may have different names, and vice versa, heterogeneous in genesis and functions mythological characters are designated by one common name for the demon. The study uses еtymological and dialect dictionaries, the ethnolinguistic Kosovo archive, as well as ethnographic works from different regions of South Slavia.
The new biography of Colonel Józef Beck
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Borisyonok Yuriy A. , Kuzmicheva Anastasiya E. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: October 2020

Chociłowski J. Najpierw Polska. Rzecz o Józefie Becku. - Warszawa, 2019. - 256 s. Colonel of artillery and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland in 1932- 1939 Józef Beck (1894-1944) without a doubt was an exceptional figure on the Polish political scene of the interwar twenty years. The book of Jerzy Chociłowski “Poland above all. The Story of Józef Beck” is a manifestation of unremitting interest in the personality of the head of diplomacy. Although the book is described as the “first complete biographical story” about Beck, we find very few new details from the life and biography of the colonel. Chociłowski evaluates Beck’s figure in a completely different way than a number of historians and publicists, such as Terlecki and S. Cat-Mackiewicz, and this is some of the value of his book.
Menyunting Paragraf Tidak Efektif Menjadi Paragraf Efektif
Authors: Harlapan Juliette Heuvel
Published: October 2020

Melakukan penyuntingan pada paragraf tidak efektif menjadi paragraf yang efektif supaya dapat sesuai dengan kaidah ejaan bahasa indonesia
Experimental investigation and predictive modeling of compressive strength of pozzolanic geopolymer concrete using gene expression programming
Authors: Shahmansouri Amir Ali , Bengar Habib Akbarzadeh , Ghanbari Saeed
Published: October 2020

With regard to the adverse environmental impacts of cement production, the use of geopolymer concrete (GPC) can be considered as a more environmentally friendly approach for concreting. This study deals with an experimental investigation on the effects of partial replacement of the GGBS (replaced with 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30%) used in GPC with natural zeolite (NZ) and silica fume (SF) simultaneously with different concentration (4, 6 and 8 M) of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) together with sodium silicate (water glass) solution on the compressive strength. Results indicate that increasing concentration of NaOH yields decreases the compressive strength of the concrete. In contrast, adding NZ and SF into concrete results in increasing the compressive strength. In addition, gene expression programming (GEP) was employed to develop mathematical models for predicting the compressive strength of GPC based on GGBS. Using the experimental results, an extensive and reliable database of compressive strength of GGBS-based GPC was obtained. The database comprises the compressive strength results of 351 specimens produced from 117 different mixtures. The five most influential parameters i.e., age of specimens, NaOH solution concentration, NZ, SF and GGBS content of GPC, were considered as the input parameters for modeling. The results reflected that the proposed models are accurate and possess a high prediction capability. The findings of this study can enhance the re-use of GGBS for the development of GPC leading to environmental protection and monetary benefits.
Average Joe, Crooked Hillary and the unStable Narcissist: Expert Impressions of 2016 and 2020
Authors: Book Angela , Visser Beth , Volk Anthony
Published: October 2020

The U.S. 2020 presidential election has, like the 2016 election, brought attention to the two candidates’ personalities. We invited HEXACO researchers to complete observer-report inventories for Joe Biden’s and Donald Trump’s public personalities. Given previous comparison of Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump prior to the 2016 election, we are also able to compare the 2020 candidates to the 2016 candidates. Our ratings reveal a relatively average profile of personality traits for Joe Biden, including higher ratings than Trump for Honesty-Humility, Agreeableness, Extraversion, and Conscientiousness. Biden also scores higher on all traits than Clinton other than her slightly higher scores for Conscientiousness and Openness. In comparison to his 2016 ratings, in 2020 Trump is rated as having lower Extraversion and much lower Conscientiousness along with higher Emotionality (especially Fearfulness). Overall, our data once again suggest a Narcissistic profile for Trump, with elements of psychopathic personality traits, while Biden presents as an outgoing individual with slightly above average prosocial traits.
Familiarity Plays a Small Role in Noun Comprehension at 12-18 months
Authors: Garrison Hallie , Baudet Gladys , Breitfeld Elise , Aberman Alexis , Bergelson Elika
Published: October 2020

Infants amass thousands of hours of experience with particular items, each of which is representative of a broader category that often shares perceptual features. Robust word comprehension requires generalizing known labels to new category members. While young infants have been found to look at common nouns when they are named aloud, the role of item familiarity has not been well-examined. This study compares 12-18-month-olds’ word comprehension in the context of pairs of their own items (e.g. photos of their own shoe and ball) versus new tokens from the same category (e.g. a new shoe and ball). Our results replicate previous work showing that noun comprehension improves rapidly over the second year, while also suggesting that item familiarity appears to play a far smaller role in comprehension in this age-range. This in turn suggests that even before age two, ready generalization beyond particular experiences is an intrinsic component of lexical development.
Distinct processes of lighting priors for lightness and 3-D shape perception
Authors: Kobayashi Yuki , Zavagno Daniele , Morikawa Kazunori
Published: October 2020

The visual system often relies on prior assumptions when interpreting ambiguous visual inputs. A well-known example is the light-from-above prior, which aids the judgment of an object's three-dimensional (3-D) shape (i.e., convex or concave). Recent studies have revealed that the light-from-above prior also helps solve lightness ambiguity. This study aimed to examine whether 3-D shape perception and lightness perception share the same lighting prior. The study participants performed two tasks: one focusing on lightness perception and another focusing on 3-D shape perception. The dominant directions of the assumed lighting were calculated from participants’ performance in the two tasks. The results showed that the assumed lighting direction for 3-D shape perception were considerably biased toward the left, whereas the one for lightness perception was almost from directly above. The clear difference between these two directions supports the hypothesis that the visual system uses distinct lighting priors for 3-D shape perception and lightness perception. Experiments 1 and 2 involved Japanese speaking participants and European participants, respectively. The Japanese language can be read and written both horizontally (i.e., left to right) and vertically (i.e., up to down) with lines progressing from right to left. Nevertheless, the two experiments still produced the same result, which suggests that the present finding is universal regardless of reading/writing direction.
Yabancı Dil Olarak Türkçe Öğretiminde Dil İhtiyaçlarının Belirlenmesi: Belarus Örneği
Authors: UZDU YILDIZ Funda , RAMANENKAVA Alena
Published: October 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenenlerin dil öğrenme ihtiyaçlarını saptamak ve bu ihtiyaçların öğrencilerin okuduğu fakülte, cinsiyet, dil öğrenme süresi ve kur gibi değişkenlere göre farklılık gösterip göstermediğini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Iwai ve diğerleri (1998) tarafından hazırlanan Dil İhtiyaç Analizi Anketi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini 2019 yılında Minsk Devlet Yabancı Diller Üniversitesine aktif olarak devam eden 49 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada toplanan veriler SPSS 24 programı ile analiz edilmiş ve yüzde, aritmetik ortalama, t-testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizinden (ANOVA) faydalanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulardan hareketle Minsk Devlet Yabancı Diller Üniversitesinde yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenenlerin dil öğrenme ihtiyaçları sırasıyla ‘Bireysel İlgi ve İhtiyaçlar’, ‘Eğitim ve İş İmkânı’, ‘Ticaret Yapma’ ve ‘Sınıf İçi İletişim Kurma’ olmak üzere dört alt boyutta kendini göstermiştir. Araştırmanın sonunda ise elde edilen bulgulardan hareketle Belarus’ta yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğretiminin niteliğini arttırabilmek adına bazı öneriler sunulmuştur.