bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complete genome sequence and anti-obesity potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HOM2217 in 3T3-L1 cells and high-fat diet-fed rats
Authors: Wang Tingting , Zhang Xiao , Fan Linlin , Zhao Ying , Zhang Zhengwen , Cao Zhonghua , Xu Ying , Lee Suwon , Lim Chongyoon , Zhang Shiqi
Published: September 2024

The global prevalence of obesity is rising year by year, which has become a public health problem worldwide. Many animal and clinical studies have shown that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is considered an ideal probiotic and potential supplement for the treatment of obesity. In this study, we aimed to complete the genome sequence of L. plantarum HOM2217, which was isolated from human milk, and study its physiological characteristics and anti-obesity effects in 3T3-L1 cells and rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to determine its potential as a starter for functional food products. Whole-genome analysis demonstrated that HOM2217 contained a single circular chromosome of 3,267,529 bp with a GC content of 44.5% and one plasmid (62,350 bp) with a GC content of 38.5%. Compared to the reference strains, HOM2217 demonstrated superior tolerance to gastrointestinal conditions, higher adhesion to intestinal epithelial cell lines, potent antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047, and effective cholesterol removal ability in vitro. Treatment with heat-killed HOM2217 significantly reduced lipid accumulation and intracellular triglyceride production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Daily treatment of HFD-fed rats with HOM2217 for 7 weeks decreased body weight, body weight gain, and body fat without changes in food intake. HOM2217 also significantly increased the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level, decreased the serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and increased short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) (formic acid, acetic acid, and butyric acid) levels in the cecum. Thus, HOM2217 could potentially prevent obesity in rats by inhibiting inflammatory responses and regulating lipid metabolism and SCFAs expression. Therefore, HOM2217 has potential as an alternative treatment for obesity.
In vitro and in vivo synergistic inhibition of Malassezia furfur targeting cell membranes by Rosa rugosa Thunb. and Coptidis Rhizoma extracts
Authors: Li Li , He Yuanyuan , Zou Qinghui , Chen Weiwei , Liu Yanxia , He Huifen , Zhang Jun
Published: September 2024

Background

Malassezia furfur (M. furfur) is a prevalent dermatophyte that significantly impairs patients’ quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic antifungal effects of combined extracts from Rosa rugosa Thunb. (MG) and Coptidis Rhizoma (HL) against M. furfur, both in vitro and in vivo.

Methods

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify the major active compounds present in MG and HL. The antifungal activity of the combined Meilian extract (ML) was assessed using the checkerboard method and time-kill curves. Microstructural alterations in the fungi were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The impact of the extracts on the fungal cell membrane was investigated through propidium iodide staining, protein concentration assays, and ergosterol quantification. Transcriptomic analysis was conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of the extracts. Furthermore, the synergistic antifungal effects of ML were evaluated in a mouse model of seborrheic dermatitis induced by M. furfur.

Results

The study demonstrated that the combined application of MG and HL significantly affected the integrity of the M. furfur cell membrane and potentially modulated its formation processes. In the M. furfur-induced seborrheic dermatitis model, ML exhibited synergistic antifungal effects and effectively alleviated skin inflammation. These findings provide an important theoretical basis for understanding the antifungal mechanisms of ML and its potential application in dermatological therapy.
Stochastic processes drive the dynamic assembly of bacterial communities in Salix matsudana afforested soils
Authors: Wang Can , Masoudi Abolfazl , Wang Min , Wang Yin , Zhang Ze , Cao Jingkun , Feng Jian , Yu Zhijun , Liu Jingze
Published: September 2024

Introduction

This study investigates the dynamic shifts in soil bacterial communities within a Salix matsudana afforested ecosystem transitioning from agricultural land. Understanding the temporal variability in bacterial diversity and community structures is crucial for informing forest management and conservation strategies, particularly in regions undergoing afforestation.

Methods

We employed high-throughput sequencing across three distinct months (August, September, and October) to analyze the temporal variability in bacterial community composition and diversity. Network analysis was utilized to identify keystone species and assess community stability under varying environmental conditions, including fluctuations in temperature and precipitation.

Results

We uncover significant temporal variability in bacterial diversity and community structures, which are closely tied to fluctuations in temperature and precipitation. Our findings reveal the abundance of the dominant bacterial phyla, such as Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, which did not change overall, highlighting the stability and resilience of the microbial community across seasonal transitions. Notably, the increasing similarity in community composition from August to October indicates a reduction in species turnover, likely driven by more homogeneous environmental conditions. Through comprehensive network analysis, we identify the pivotal role of keystone species, particularly the human pathogen Nocardia, in maintaining community stability under reduced soil moisture. The observed variations in community connectivity underscore the microbial community’s resilience and adaptability to seasonal shifts, with higher stability in August and October contrasting with the instability observed in September.

Discussion

These results underscore the complex interplay between stochastic and deterministic processes in bacterial community assembly, significantly shaped by prevailing environmental conditions. The insights gained from this research have far-reaching implications for forestry management and conservation strategies, particularly in regions undergoing similar afforestation efforts.
Intermittent hypoxic training – derived exosomes in stroke rehabilitation
Authors: Ryou Myoung-Gwi , Burton Summer
Published: September 2024

Ischemic stroke is the fourth leading cause of adult disability in the US, and it is a huge social burden all over the world. However, the efficient treatment of ischemic stroke is not available. An apparent reason for failing to find or develop an intervention for ischemic stroke is contributed to the tight blood–brain barrier (BBB). The unique characteristics of exosomes that can traverse BBB have been highlighted among researchers investigating interventions for ischemic stroke conditions. Additionally, intermittent hypoxic training has been considered a potential intervention in the treatment or rehabilitation process of ischemic stroke patients. In this mini-review, we are going to review the possibility of applying exosomes produced by a subject who does intermittent hypoxic conditioning in a treatment program for ischemic stroke.
Common cytokine receptor gamma chain family cytokines activate MAPK, PI3K, and JAK/STAT pathways in microglia to influence Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zuppe Hannah , Reed Erin
Published: September 2024

Dementia is an umbrella term used to describe deterioration of cognitive function. It is the seventh leading cause of death and is one of the major causes of dependence among older people globally. Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) contributes to approximately 60–70% of dementia cases and is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brain. Neuroinflammation is now widely accepted as another disease hallmark, playing a role in both the response to and the perpetuation of disease processes. Microglia are brain-resident immune cells that are initially effective at clearing amyloid plaques but contribute to the damaging inflammatory milieu of the brain as disease progresses. Circulating peripheral immune cells contribute to this inflammatory environment through cytokine secretion, creating a positive feedback loop with the microglia. One group of these peripherally derived cytokines acting on microglia is the common cytokine receptor γ chain family. These cytokines bind heterodimer receptors to activate three major signaling pathways: MAPK, PI3K, and JAK/STAT. This perspective will look at the mechanisms of these three pathways in microglia and highlight the future directions of this research and potential therapeutics.
Comparative analysis of PD-L1 expression and molecular alterations in primary versus metastatic lung adenocarcinoma: a real-world study in China
Authors: Chen Gang , Yu Yang , Qi Youchao , Li Guangxu , Li Ning , Meng Fande , Wang Wujie , Shen Rong
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is the only Food and Drug Administration-approved biomarker for monitoring response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Understanding the nuances of molecular phenotypes, clinical attributes, and PD-L1 expression levels in primary and metastatic lung adenocarcinoma may help predict response to therapy and assist in the clinical management of lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods

A total of 235 primary and metastatic lesion specimens from patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) an institution in Shandong, China were analyzed. PD-L1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry using the 22C3 antibody, and the molecular phenotype was determined by next-generation sequencing of 450 genes. The molecular phenotypes of the primary and metastatic lesions were compared.

Results

Elevated PD-L1 expression was significantly associated with advanced and metastatic disease (P = 0.001). The distribution of PD-L1 expression varied based on the anatomical location, showing a higher frequency of elevated PD-L1 expression in distal metastases than in the primary tumor. Metastatic lesions exhibited a higher proportion of carcinogenic pathway gene alterations and a greater number of DNA damage-repair pathway gene alterations than the primary lesions. Notably, CDKN2A copy number deletions were more prevalent in metastatic lesions than in primary lesions. Clinical data stemming from research conducted at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center revealed an association between the absence of CDKN2A expression and a poorer prognosis in stage I lung adenocarcinoma.

Conclusion

Samples of metastatic tumors exhibited a higher proportion of elevated PD-L1 expression, a greater number of pathway alterations, and a higher occurrence of CDKN2A copy number deletions than primary samples. This highlights the importance of reinforcing the clinical management and follow-up of patients with CDKN2A deficiency, particularly within the subset of stage I lung adenocarcinoma.
Functions of patient- and family-centered pediatric cancer communication in Pakistan
Authors: Graetz Dylan E. , Ahmad Alia , Raza Muhammad Rafie , Hameed Ambreen , Naheed Asma , Najmi Atoofa , Quanita Afia tul , Munir Shabnam , Ahmad Safwan , Ferrara Gia , Staples Courtney , Rodriguez Galindo Carlos , Ahmer Hamid Syed , Jeha Sima , Mack Jennifer W.
Published: September 2024

Background

Communication is an essential aspect of high-quality patient- and family-centered care. A model for pediatric cancer communication developed in the United States defined eight communication functions. The purpose of this study was to explore the relevance of these functions in Pakistan as part of an effort to understand the role of culture in communication.

Materials and methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 clinicians and 18 caregivers of children with cancer at two major cancer centers. Interviews were conducted in Urdu or English and transcribed and translated as necessary. Two independent coders used a priori codes related to the communication model as well as novel codes derived inductively. Thematic analysis focused on operationalization of the functional communication model.

Results

Clinicians and caregivers in Pakistan discussed the importance of all eight communication functions previously identified including: information exchange, decision-making, managing uncertainty, enabling family self-management, responding to emotions, supporting hope, providing validation, and building relationships. The operationalization of these functions was influenced by Pakistani cultural context. For example, information-exchange included the importance of addressing preconceptions and community myths, while managing uncertainty included strong references to religion and faith-based coping. Essential to all eight functions was trust between the family and the medical team.

Discussion

These findings support the use of this functional communication model in diverse pediatric oncology settings and emphasize the importance of trust. Culturally sensitive operationalization of these functions could inform the adaptation of tools to measure communication and interventions aimed at supporting the needs of parents of children with cancer.
Outcomes and toxicities in patients with diffuse-large B cell lymphoma involving the gastrointestinal tract and digestive organs
Authors: Manzar Gohar S. , Cha Elaine E. , Corrigan Kelsey L. , Yoder Alison K. , Schrank Benjamin R. , Nasr Lewis F. , Chihara Dai , Castillo Luis Malpica , Nair Ranjit , Jain Preetesh , Neelapu Sattva S. , Rodriguez Maria A. , Strati Paolo , Nastoupil Loretta J. , Gunther Jillian R. , Dabaja Bouthaina S. , Pinnix Chelsea C. , Wu Susan Y. , Fang Penny Q.
Published: September 2024

Background

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) involving the gastrointestinal (GI) organs is rare, and real-world outcomes after combined modality therapy (CMT) with systemic therapy (ST) and radiotherapy (RT) are not well-characterized, particularly in the contemporary era. We characterized outcomes in a large cohort of GI-DLBCL patients treated with ST alone or CMT.

Methods

Patients with GI-DLBCL treated at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models estimated survival. Multivariable analyses were conducted using the Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

Of 204 patients, gastric involvement was most common (63%). Most presented with early-stage disease (61%). All patients received ST and 65 patients (32%) received RT, 88% as part of first-line CMT. Median dose was 36 Gy (IQR 30.6–39.6) in 18 fractions (IQR 17–22). Median follow-up was 46 months. Five-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) was 88% and 84%, respectively; complete response (CR) rate was 82%. Improved OS associated with low IPI (p=0.001), fewer chemotherapy lines (p<0.001), early stage (p<0.006), and CR (p<0.001). Survival did not differ by RT receipt (p>0.25). Only early stage and CR correlated with improved OS on multivariable analysis. Stomach-directed RT vs. RT to other sites correlated with improved PFS and OS (p<0.04). Patients with early stage DLBCL treated with CMT in the post-rituximab era had equivalent OS vs. ST alone, even with fewer chemotherapy cycles (p<0.02; median of 4 with RT vs. 6 cycles without). Fifty patients had bulky disease (≥7.5 cm), of whom 18 (36%) had early stage disease. Among patients with bulky disease, 5 (10%) developed relapse at the initial site of disease bulk. Four of the 5 patients did not receive consolidative radiation. Among these 4 patients, 3 relapsed only in their initial site of bulky disease. Of 191 patients with luminal GI-DLBCL, n=4 (2.1%) developed perforation; only one received RT. Acute Grade 3 toxicities were reported in 41.2% of patients, and 12 (5.8%) patients had late Grade 3 toxicities, 99% attributed to chemotherapy.

Conclusion

GI-DLBCL patients have favorable outcomes after CMT with minimal late toxicity. CMT may be offered with abridged systemic regimens with equivalent outcomes. Stomach directed-RT may mitigate relapse risk associated with incomplete disease response or bulky disease.
Post-conization pathological upgrading and outcomes of 466 patients with low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Guo Yulin , Cai Hongning , Peng Qiuzi , Wang Ying , Li Lu , Zou Miao , Guo Jinyue , Wang Chaonan , Wu Xufeng , Ma Quanfu
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The management of patients with low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN1) remains controversial. We analyzed the pathological upgrading rates of patients with CIN1 undergoing conization, identifying influencing factors, and compared their outcomes to those of patients with CIN1 receiving follow-up only.

Methods

This retrospective study included 466 patients with CIN1 confirmed by histopathology and treated with conization. Postoperative pathological upgrading was determined and its influencing factors were identified. We also analyzed post-conization outcomes, examining the rate of persistent/recurrent CIN1 and its influencing factors, and comparing these results to those of patients receiving follow-up only.

Results

The pathological upgrading rate of patients with CIN1 after conization was 21.03% (98/466), and the influencing factors were preoperative high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection and cytological results. The upgrading rates of HR-HPV positive and negative patients were 22.05% and 0.00%, respectively (χ2 = 5.03, P=0.03). The upgrading rate of patients with cytological results negative for intraepithelial lesion malignancy was 10.94%, while the upgrading rates of atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade lesion(ASC-H) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(HSIL) groups were 47.37% and 52.94%, respectively (χ2 = 22.7, P=0.03). Persistent/recurrent CIN1 rates in the conization group were 21.24%, 15.97%, and 6.67% at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively, significantly lower than those in the follow-up only group. The CIN2 progression rate in the conization group (0.26%) during the 24-month follow-up period was also significantly lower than that in the follow-up only group (15.15%; χ2 = 51.68, P<0.01). The only factor influencing postoperative persistent/recurrent CIN1 was preoperative HR-HPV status. No patients who were HR-HPV negative preoperatively exhibited persistent/recurrent CIN1, compared with 25.55% of those who were HR-HPV positive preoperatively (χ2 = 4.40, P=0.04).

Discussion

The risk of progression to CIN2+ in the medium term is higher in patients with CIN1 receiving follow-up than in those undergoing conization. Doctors should refer to the guidelines but comprehensively consider age, fertility requirements, preoperative HR-HPV and cytological results, follow-up conditions, and other factors to select the most appropriate treatment strategy for patients with CIN1.
The potential of retinoic acid receptors as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in gastric cancer
Authors: Garattini Silvio Ken , Basile Debora , De Re Valli’ , Brisotto Giulia , Miolo Gianmaria , Canzonieri Vincenzo , Aprile Giuseppe , Corvaja Carla , Buriolla Silvia , Garattini Enrico , Puglisi Fabio
Published: September 2024

Background

Gastric cancer is a heterogeneous collection of tumors characterized by low survival rates. All-trans retinoic acid (retinoic-acid) is a clinically useful therapeutic agent belonging to the chemical family of retinoids, which consists of both natural and synthetic derivatives of vitamin-A. Retinoids are essential components of the normal diet and they regulate different physiological processes. From a therapeutic point of view, retinoic-acid is the first example of clinically useful differentiating agent. Indeed, the differentiating properties of this compound have promoted the use of retinoic-acid as a standard of care in Acute-Promyelocytic-Leukemia, a rare form of acute myeloid leukemia. In this study, we determine the RNA expression of the six isoforms of Retinoic-Acid-Receptors (RARα/RARβ/RARγ/RXRα/RXRβ/RXRγ) in view of their potential use as gastric cancer progression markers and/or therapeutic targets. In addition, we evaluate associations between the expression of these receptors and a simplified molecular classification of stomach tumors as well as the clinical characteristics of the cohort of patients analyzed. Finally, we define the prognostic value of the various Retinoic-Acid-Receptors in gastric cancer.

Methods

In this single institution and retrospective RAR-GASTRIC study, we consider 55 consecutive gastric cancer patients. We extract total RNA from the pathological specimens and we perform a NanoString Assay using a customized panel of genes. This allows us to determine the expression levels of the RAR and RXR mRNAs as well as other transcripts of interest.

Results

Our data demonstrate ubiquitous expression of the RAR and RXR mRNAs in gastric cancers. High levels of RARα, RARβ, RXRα and RXRβ show a significant association with stage IV tumors, “de novo” metastatic disease, microsatellite-stable-status, epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition, as well as PIK3CA and TP53 expression. Finally, we observe a worse overall-survival in gastric cancer patients characterized by high RARα/RARβ/RARγ/RXRβ mRNA levels.

Conclusions

In gastric cancer, high expression levels of RARα/RARβ/RARγ/RXRβ transcripts are associated with poor clinical and molecular characteristics as well as with reduced overall-survival. Our data are consistent with the idea that RARα, RARβ, RARγ and RXRβ represent potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets of gastric cancer.
Comprehensive review of the traditional uses and the potential benefits of epimedium folium
Authors: Cui Jialu , Lin Lin , Hao Feiran , Shi Zhuo , Gao Yehui , Yang Tingyu , Yang Chunqi , Wu Xiangjun , Gao Rong , Ru Yi , Li Fangyang , Xiao Chengrong , Gao Yue , Wang Yuguang
Published: September 2024

Epimedium Folium has been extensively utilized for medicinal purposes in China for a significant period. This review undertakes a comprehensive examination of literature pertaining to Epimedium and its metabolites over the past decade, drawing from databases such as PubMed. Through meticulous organization and synthesis of pertinent research findings, including disease models, pharmacological effects, and related aspects, this narrative review sheds light on the principal pharmacological activities and associated mechanisms of Epimedium in safeguarding the reproductive system, promoting bone health, mitigating inflammation, and combating tumors and viral infections. Consequently, this review contributes to a more profound comprehension of the recent advances in Epimedium research.
Isoliquiritigenin ameliorates abnormal oligodendrocyte development and behavior disorders induced by white matter injury
Authors: Wu Dong , Zhou Wenjuan , Du Jingyi , Zhao Tiantian , Li Naigang , Peng Fan , Li Anna , Zhang Xinyue , Zhang Meihua , Hao Aijun
Published: September 2024

Background

White matter injury is a predominant form of brain injury in preterm infants. However, effective drugs for its treatment are currently lacking. Previous studies have shown the neuroprotective effects of Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), but its impact on white matter injury in preterm infants remains poorly understood.

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of ISL against white matter injury caused by infection in preterm infants using a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-induced white matter injury, integrating network pharmacology as well as in vivo and in vitro experiments.

Methods

This study explores the potential mechanisms of ISL on white matter injury by integrating network pharmacology. Core pathways and biological processes affected by ISL were verified through experiments, and motor coordination, anxiety-like, and depression-like behaviors of mice were evaluated using behavioral experiments. White matter injury was observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining, Luxol Fast Blue staining, and electron microscopy. The development of oligodendrocytes and the activation of microglia in mice were assessed by immunofluorescence. The expression of related proteins was detected by Western blot.

Results

We constructed a drug-target network, including 336 targets associated with ISL treatment of white matter injury. The biological process of ISL treatment of white matter injury mainly involves microglial inflammation regulation and myelination. Our findings revealed that ISL reduced early nerve reflex barriers and white matter manifestations in mice, leading to decreased activation of microglia and release of proinflammatory cytokines. Additionally, ISL demonstrated the ability to mitigate impairment in oligodendrocyte development and myelination, ultimately improving behavior disorders in adult mice. Mechanistically, we observed that ISL downregulated HDAC3 expression, promoted histone acetylation, enhanced the expression of H3K27ac, and regulated oligodendrocyte pro-differentiation factors.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that ISL can have beneficial effects on white matter injury in preterm infants by alleviating inflammation and promoting oligodendrocyte differentiation.
Emotion-gaze interaction affects time-to-collision estimates, but not preferred interpersonal distance towards looming faces
Authors: Yamasaki Daiki , Nagai Masayoshi
Published: September 2024

Estimating the time until impending collision (time-to-collision, TTC) of approaching or looming individuals and maintaining a comfortable distance from others (interpersonal distance, IPD) are commonly required in daily life and contribute to survival and social goals. Despite accumulating evidence that facial expressions and gaze direction interactively influence face processing, it remains unclear how these facial features affect the spatiotemporal processing of looming faces. We examined whether facial expressions (fearful vs. neutral) and gaze direction (direct vs. averted) interact on the judgments of TTC and IPD for looming faces, based on the shared signal hypothesis that fear signals the existence of threats in the environment when coupled with averted gaze. Experiment 1 demonstrated that TTC estimates were reduced for fearful faces compared to neutral ones only when the concomitant gaze was averted. In Experiment 2, the emotion-gaze interaction was not observed in the IPD regulation, which is arguably sensitive to affective responses to faces. The results suggest that fearful-averted faces modulate the cognitive extrapolation process of looming motion by communicating environmental threats rather than by altering subjective fear or perceived emotional intensity of faces. The TTC-specific effect may reflect an enhanced defensive response to unseen threats implied by looming fearful-averted faces. Our findings provide insight into how the visual system processes facial features to ensure bodily safety and comfortable interpersonal communication in dynamic environments.
A comprehensive study of psychological well-being and traditional Chinese medicine constitutions among model workers in Beijing
Authors: Cao Hongli , Chen Xianyang , Song Yige , Li Shawn Xiang , Ma Hui , Zhang Guosheng , Gong Tianyu , Yu Hong , Liu Zijin
Published: September 2024

Background

Body constitution is the foundation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and model workers consist of a special group of workers within China. This study aims to research the relationship between the physical body constitutions based on TCM and the mental health of model workers.

Methods

We recruited 314 model workers from Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital to conduct the questionnaires such as SCL-90 and CCMQ to investigate if there is an association between mental health status and TCM body constitutions. We performed a Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS path modeling).

Results

Our path model results revealed associations between different TCM constitution types and SCL scores, which serve as indicators of psychological well-being. Our research findings demonstrate a strong correlation between the Balanced constitution and elevated levels of psychological well-being, with a path coefficient of -0.503. In contrast, the other eight constitutional types exhibit path coefficients exceeding 0.3, indicating a tendency toward lower levels of psychological well-being. We also investigated the intricate connections between various TCM constitutional types and both mild and severe psychological well-being.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the Balanced constitution continues to be closely associated with higher levels of psychological well-being, while the remaining eight body constitution types are consistently linked to lower levels of psychological well-being.
Shared challenges to the control of complex intracellular neglected pathogens
Authors: Perez Rebecca Lynn , Chase Jemima , Tanner Rachel
Published: September 2024

The complex intracellular pathogens Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae, Leishmania spp., and Burkholderia pseudomallei, which cause tuberculosis, leprosy, leishmaniasis, and melioidosis respectively, represent major health threats with a significant global burden concentrated in low- and middle-income countries. While these diseases vary in their aetiology, pathology and epidemiology, they share key similarities in the biological and sociodemographic factors influencing their incidence and impact worldwide. In particular, their occurrence in resource-limited settings has important implications for research and development, disease prevalence and associated risk factors, as well as access to diagnostics and therapeutics. In accordance with the vision of the VALIDATE (VAccine deveLopment for complex Intracellular neglecteD pAThogeEns) Network, we consider shared challenges to the effective prevention, diagnosis and treatment of these diseases as shaped by both biological and social factors, illustrating the importance of taking an interdisciplinary approach. We further highlight how a cross-pathogen perspective may provide valuable insights for understanding and addressing challenges to the control of all four pathogens.
Analysis of the health status and its influencing factors of the low-income populations in Wuxi, China
Authors: Li Shiming , Jiang Ying , Wu Yue , Ji Yingying , Tian Lin , Yang Queping , Zhu Haohao
Published: September 2024

Objective

To understand the physical health condition and its influencing factors among the low-income population.

Method

Low-income residents who visited or consulted at our Hospital during 2022 were selected for this study. Through telephone or face-to-face interviews, a self-made basic information questionnaire was used for data collection. The physical health level of the low-income population was analyzed, and a logistic regression model was applied to study its influencing factors.

Results

A total of 2,307 people were included in this study, of which 2,069 had various types of diseases, indicating a disease rate of 89.68%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥ 60 years old (OR = 1.567, 95%CI: 1.122–2.188), poor mental health status (OR = 2.450, 95%CI: 1.203–3.678), smoking (OR = 1.752, 95%CI: 1.269–2.206), pulse pressure difference ≥ 60 (OR = 1.485, 95%CI: 1.164–1.787), and poor hearing (OR = 1.268, 95%CI: 1.026–1.324) were risk factors for disease, whereas being female (OR = 0.729, 95%CI: 0.540–0.984) was a protective factor for physical health.

Conclusion

As a developing country with a large population, we should particularly focus on the physical health issues of the low-income population, take targeted measures for disease situations, and improve the quality of life of the low-income population.
Exploring the social context of insomnia: a thematic content analysis of the lived experiences of insomnia of Latinx women and men
Authors: Giorgio Cosenzo Luciana , Arias Darwin , Alcántara Carmela
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Although social ties have detrimental and beneficial effects on sleep health, the social processes through which social ties affect sleep remain understudied, particularly among Latinx adults. These processes include social support, social stress, social control, personal control, and symbolic meaning. Importantly, some studies suggest there are gender differences in how social ties influence Latinx health. This study explores how Latinx women and men with insomnia describe the social processes through which social ties shape their lived experience of insomnia.

Methods

Qualitative data from six focus groups conducted in 2017 were analyzed using thematic content analysis. These focus groups were comprised of 35 Spanish- and English-speaking Latinx adults with insomnia. Participants were majority women (62.86%), had a mean age of 65.43 years (SD = 12.63), and an average insomnia severity score of 20.6 (SD = 3.44). Major and minor themes were deductively and inductively identified in the transcripts. These themes were compared between Latinx women and men. The methods and results of this study are reported using the Consolidated Criteria for Qualitative Research (COREQ).

Results

The influence of social processes on the lived experience of insomnia centered on three major themes. The first theme identified social stress and social control as precipitating and perpetuating factors of insomnia. The second theme related to how social support, through receiving advice from others, shaped participants' coping behaviors. Lastly, participants described their insomnia symptoms as negatively affecting their social relationships through social conflict. Latina women attributed their insomnia to the symbolic meaning of their gender identities, while men did not.

Discussion

These findings suggest that among Latinx adults, it may be important for psychological treatments for insomnia to address the ways in which social processes contribute to insomnia symptoms. Additionally, Latina women's discussion of the influence of gender identities on their insomnia symptoms highlights the need to tailor psychological treatments for Latina women that acknowledge and address the challenges presented by traditional gender roles and expectations. Future studies should investigate the potential reciprocal relationship between social processes, mainly social stress and social control, and insomnia symptoms.
Estimating the wavelet bispectrum of multiband whistler mode waves
Authors: Shah M. G. , Burgess D.
Published: September 2024

Whistler mode waves are one of the dominant plasma emissions occurring in the Earth’s magnetosphere. Using data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission taken in the outer magnetosphere, we present observations of a multiband whistler event with multiple discrete frequency bands of whistler emission. A newly developed bispectral analysis method, the normalized wavelet bispectrum, is employed to explore the generation mechanism of such whistler mode waves. This method is useful for examining the time-evolving behaviour of coupled oscillatory systems. The wavelet bispectrum analysis of multiband whistlers suggests that the higher-frequency whistler band is possibly generated due to a nonlinear three-wave coupling involving the two lower-frequency whistler bands. The presence of other features such as rising tones provides evidence that multiband whistler events probably involve several different concurrent emission processes.
Unsteady Lifting-Line Free-Wake Aerodynamic Modeling for Morphing Wings
Authors: Frassoldati Gregorio , Giansante Riccardo , Bernardini Giovanni , Gennaretti Massimo
Published: September 2024

A time-stepping, lifting-line solution algorithm for the prediction of the unsteady aerodynamics of morphing wings is presented. The velocity induced by the wake vorticity is determined through a free-wake vortex-lattice model, whereas the Küssner and Schwarz’s unsteady airfoil theory is used to evaluate the sectional loads, and the generalized aerodynamic loads related to body deformation including camber morphing. The wake vorticity released at the trailing edge derives from the bound circulation and is convected downstream as a vortex ring to form the vortex-lattice wake structure. The local bound circulation is obtained by the application of the Kutta–Joukowski theorem extended to unsteady flows. The accuracy of the loads predicted by the proposed solver is assessed by comparison with the predictions obtained by a three-dimensional boundary-element-method solver for potential flows. The two sets of results agree very well for a wide range of reduced frequencies.
Optimizing Ridge–Furrow Ratio to Improve Water Resource Utilization for Wheat in the North China Plain
Authors: Liu Kun , Zhang Zhen , Shi Yu , Wang Xizhi , Yu Zhenwen
Published: September 2024

The shortage of water resources seriously limits sustainable production in agriculture, and the ridge–furrow planting pattern is an effective water-saving cultivation pattern. However, the mechanism of the ridge–furrow planting pattern that drives the efficient utilization of field water resources in the North China Plain (NCP) is still unclear. A two-year field experiment was conducted in the NCP from 2021 to 2023. The ridge–furrow planting patterns followed a randomized block design as follows: ridge–furrow ratios of 50 cm:50 cm (M2), 75 cm:50 cm (M3), and 100 cm:50 cm (M4). A traditional planting pattern was used as the control (M1). These were used to investigate the effects of different treatments on water use and roots. The results showed that M3 reduced the amount of irrigation, improved water distribution after irrigation, increased water use efficiency (WUE), and promoted root growth. Compared with other treatments, M3 increased soil water consumption at a 0–100 cm soil depth by 6.76–21.34% (average values over two years), root length density by 8.46–20.77%, and root surface area density by 7.87–22.13%. On average, M3 increased grain yields by 3.96–9.80%, biomass yields by 5.32–10.94%, and WUE by 4.5–9.87%. In conclusion, M3 is an effective planting pattern for improving the yield and WUE of wheat in the NCP.
Effects of Pneumatic Defoliation on Fruit Quality and Skin Coloration in ‘Fuji’ Apples
Authors: Win Nay Myo , Yoo Jingi , Do Van Giap , Yang Sangjin , Kwon Soon-Il , Kweon Hun-Joong , Kim Seonae , Lee Youngsuk , Kang In-Kyu , Park Juhyeon
Published: September 2024

Fruit skin color and physical quality are important for customer acceptability and market value. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of pneumatic defoliation on the fruit quality, coloration, and anthocyanin content of ‘Fuji’ apples. Apple trees were subjected to no defoliation (control) and defoliation at low (0.6 bar) and high (0.9 bar) air pressure 20 days before harvest at 1 km/h of tractor speed. High-defoliation treatment increased the leaf damage rate but did not significantly affect the defoliation rate compared to low-defoliation treatment. Additionally, photosynthetically active radiation and solar irradiance inside the tree canopies were highest in the high-defoliation group, followed by the low-defoliation and control groups. With the exception of higher firmness in the high-defoliation treatment, pneumatic defoliation treatments had little effect on fruit size and weight, titratable acidity, soluble solids content, the starch pattern index, and the sunburn incidence of fruit. Compared with that of the control group, both defoliation treatments significantly increased the a* and C values and decreased the ho values of the fruit color. Moreover, both defoliation treatments significantly increased anthocyanin content and upregulated the anthocyanin biosynthesis genes (MdPAL, MdCHS, MdCHI, MdF3H, MdANS, MdANS, MdUFGT) and the transcription factor (MdMYB10). A Pearson′s correlation analysis also showed that anthocyanin production was strongly correlated with each of the anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, especially in the pneumatic defoliation treatments. Conclusively, the results show that pneumatic defoliation at low pressure bars could be an effective strategy for improving the red coloration of ‘Fuji’ apples.
Effects of Phosphorus Application Levels on Its Uptake and Utilization in Foxtail Millet
Authors: Ma Junwei , Wang Guo , Liu Xiaojie , Lei Biao , Xing Guofang
Published: September 2024

Foxtail millet is a traditional minor crop in China, known for its strong resistance to stress, tolerance to barren lands, and wide adaptation. Phosphorus is an essential element for crop growth and development, and the appropriate application of phosphorus can enhance crop yield and quality. However, the optimal phosphorus fertilization levels for the growth of foxtail millet have yet to be determined. This study aims to explore the effects of different phosphorus application levels (T1, T2, T3, and T4), on phosphorus accumulation and use efficiency and crop yield and quality in the foxtail millet cultivars ‘B376’ and ‘B27’, which have different phosphorus efficiencies. Additionally, we investigated the effects of phosphorus accumulation and use efficiency on the heading and filling stages of these cultivars. The results show that the total phosphorus content and accumulation levels in the ‘B376’ and ‘B27’ cultivars vary at different developmental stages and in different plant parts. Furthermore, crop yield and quality in both cultivars vary in response to the different phosphorus application levels. In terms of yield, the phosphorus-tolerant variety ‘B376’ reaches its highest at T2, while the phosphorus-sensitive variety ‘B27’ achieves its maximum yield at T3. For quality, ‘B376’ exhibits the highest moisture and crude fat content under T4, and the highest protein and the lowest amylose content under T3. On the other hand, ‘B27’ achieves its highest moisture content under T4, its highest crude fat and protein levels under T3, and its lowest amylose content under T2. Therefore, the response to different phosphorus application levels differs between the two cultivars with different phosphorus use efficiencies. Moreover, under different phosphorus fertilization levels, the average crop yield, moisture, fat, and amylose content averages of the phosphorus-tolerant ‘B376’ cultivar are 16.1%, 1.2%, 7.0%, and 4.1% higher than those of the phosphorus-sensitive ‘B27’ cultivar. Additionally, phosphorus use efficiency is positively correlated with the moisture and crude fat contents of foxtail millet. In conclusion, the phosphorus-tolerant cultivar demonstrates superior phosphorus accumulation, absorption, and utilization capacities compared to the phosphorus-sensitive cultivar. These results suggest that in the phosphorus-tolerant ‘B376’, optimal phosphorus fertilization levels enhance the development of roots, stems, and leaves at the T2 (P45) level, and promote the accumulation of moisture and crude fat in foxtail millet grains, thereby improving their taste and quality. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for phosphorus fertilizer utilization in foxtail millet cultivation and will help determine the optimal fertilization levels for foxtail millet growth.
Echinacea Species Cultivated in Bulgaria as a Source of Chicoric and Caftaric Acids
Authors: Vlasheva Maria , Katsarova Mariana , Dobreva Ana , Dzhurmanski Anatolii , Denev Petko , Dimitrova Stela
Published: September 2024

The trend towards alternative medicine and naturopathy increases the interest in the use of natural products. This requires larger quantities of qualitative raw material of medicinal plants, including the well-known genus Echinacea. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of E. purpurea and pallida cultivated in Kazanlak, Bulgaria. We developed and validated a rapid, reliable, and inexpensive HPLC method for the quantitative determination of chicoric, caftaric, and caffeic acids, and of cynarin, echinacoside, quercetin, and apigenin. The amount of chicoric and caftaric acids was monitored in different phases of plant development in aerial parts and roots. Maximal concentrations of chicoric acid (3.4%) were reported in roots in the seed-formation phase, and a concentration of 2.8% was reported in aerial parts in the vegetative phase. Caftaric acid was 0.9% in aerial parts in the vegetative and flowering phases and 0.5% in roots in the vegetative and seeding phases. Their amounts significantly exceed the requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia 8.0. Therefore, Kazanlak-grown E. purpurea could be a reliable raw material for the formulation of phytopreparations. In addition, the proposed method was applied to the detection and determination of the above-described substances in phytopreparations containing Echinacea from commercial sources. The amounts of the tested substances were found to vary widely.
Comparison of the Efficacy and Welfare of Different Training Methods in Stopping Chasing Behavior in Dogs
Authors: Johnson Anamarie C. , Wynne Clive D. L.
Published: September 2024

Controversy surrounds the efficacy and welfare implications of different forms of dog training with several studies asserting that electronic shock collars have negative welfare impacts while not being more effective than non-aversive methods. However, these studies did not specify the schedule and intensity of punishment used or the effectiveness of the training method. In the current study, we attempted to train dogs across six sessions to desist from chasing a fast-moving lure in one of three randomly assigned conditions and then tested for retention and generalization in four further test trials. Group A was trained with e-collars; Group B was trained with non-aversive methods and the lure moving as with Group A; and Group C was trained as for Group B but with the lure initially moving slowly before its speed was progressively increased. All dogs in Group A stopped running towards the lure after one or two sessions, and none chased the lure in the first three tests: 67% of these dogs chased the lure in the final test in a novel arena. None of the dogs in the either Group B or C successfully refrained from chasing the moving lure in training or any test. Video behavior coding indicated few stress-related behaviors across the training groups.
Evaluating the Physiologic Effects of Alfaxalone, Dexmedetomidine, and Midazolam Combinations in Common Blue-Tongued Skinks (Tiliqua scincoides)
Authors: Rhim Haerin , Godke Ashleigh M. , Aguilar M. Graciela , Mitchell Mark A.
Published: September 2024

Common blue-tongued skinks (Tiliqua scincoides) are popular pet reptiles; however, there has been limited research to investigate sedatives for this species. The purpose of this study was to measure the physiologic effects of four combinations of alfaxalone, dexmedetomidine, and midazolam for minor procedures such as intubation and blood collection. Eleven common blue-tongued skinks (Tiliqua scincoides) were used for this prospective, randomized cross-over study. The subcutaneous combinations were used as follows: 20 mg/kg alfaxalone (A); 10 mg/kg alfaxalone and 1 mg/kg midazolam (AM); 0.1 mg/kg dexmedetomidine and 1 mg/kg midazolam (DM); and 5 mg/kg alfaxalone, 0.05 mg/kg dexmedetomidine, and 0.5 mg/kg midazolam (ADM). Heart rate, respiratory rate, palpebral reflex, righting reflex, escape reflex, toe pinch withdrawal reflex, tongue flicking, and the possibility of intubation were recorded at baseline and every 5 min for 60 min. Venous blood gases were measured at baseline, full sedation, and recovery. Heart and respiratory rates decreased significantly in all groups, but the reductions were most prominent in DM and ADM. Analgesic effects, as measured by the toe pinch withdrawal reflex, were only observed in DM and ADM. Intubation was possible in all four protocols; however, it was not possible in two DM skinks. Based on these trials, ADM and AM are recommended for minor procedures in blue-tongue skinks.