bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of garlic and onion powder on egg production, antioxidant status and some blood parameters in chukar partridges
Authors: Harman Halil
Published: January 2023

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of onion-garlic powder on egg production, antioxidant capacity and blood biochemistry in chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar). The study was conducted for 12 weeks during the laying period and a total of 240 partridges were divided into 4 groups (control, 1% onion, 1% garlic, and 1% onion and 1% garlic). The highest total antioxidant capacity, feed consumption and egg production were determined in the garlic group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively) and the lowest egg production and feed intake was observed in the onion group.  Egg production in the garlic –onion mixture group was also higher than the control and only onion group (P < 0.01). While there was no statistical difference in blood HDL, LDL, glucose, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and phosphorus levels (P > 0.05), blood urea, ALT, AST levels were higher (P < 0.05)  in the garlic group with the highest egg production and feed intake (P < 0.01)  compared to the control and onion groups. Unlike many studies, the highest cholesterol levels were determined in the garlic supplemented group (P < 0.05) and the expected positive effects were not seen in onion powder.
Biofilm formation, siderophore production, virulence-associated genes and genetic diversity of Yersinia enterocolitica from food
Authors: Özdemir Fatma , Arslan Seza
Published: January 2023

Yersinia enterocolitica is widely found in nature and foods including those implicated in foodborne infections. The ability of this organism to multiply at refrigeration temperatures in food products with a prolonged shelf-life renders it a potential health risk for consumers. Y. enterocolitica isolates from food were investigated for biofilm formation and siderophore production at different temperatures (12, 25 and 37 °C) using the microtiter plate and CAS agar plate methods, respectively. The isolates were also evaluated with PCR for the presence of virulence genes and rep-PCR for genetic diversity. Most of the isolates showed high capability to form biofilm at all temperatures after 24 and 48 h of incubation. The results at 12 and 25 °C (P < 0.05) as well as at 25 and 37 °C (P < 0.05) showed a statistically significant difference in quantification of biofilm formation after 24 h; however, no difference was observed between findings at 12 and 37 °C (P > 0.05). There was a significant difference at 12 and 37 °C (P < 0.05) as well as at 25 and 37 °C (P < 0.05) after 48 h of incubation; conversely, no significant difference was observed between 12 and 25 °C (P > 0.05). Strong biofilm-producing isolates at 12 °C were found to be more after 48 h than after 24 h of incubation. Siderophore production was observed in 83.3% and 100% of the isolates at 25 and 37 ºC, respectively. However, no isolate produced siderophores at 12 °C. Genes myfA, fepA, fepD, fes, hreP, tccC and ymoA were detected in 16.7%, 33.3%, 100%, 100%, 44.4%, 5.6%, and 33.3% of the isolates, respectively. The rep-PCR revealed a high level of genetic differentiation among the isolates. The results indicated that Y. enterocolitica from food may act as a potential pathogen producing biofilm and siderophore while carrying virulence-associated genes.
Rapid Resolution of Megaesophagus by Low-dose Levothyroxine in a Hypothyroid dog with Mitral Valve Degeneration
Authors: Lee Dohee , Yun Taesik , Koo Yoonhoi , Chae Yeon , Kang Byeong-Teck , Yang Mhan-Pyo , Kim Hakhyun
Published: January 2023

A 14-year-old intact female Maltese dog weighting 4.84kg was presented with acute regurgitation. At presentation, the dog was diagnosed with megaesophagus and primary hypothyroidism based on the radiography and thyroid-stimulating hormone stimulation test, respectively. Treatment was initiated with oral low-dose levothyroxine (0.0025 mg/kg b.w., orally, SID) considering underlying myxomatous mitral valve disease. Ten days after the management, the clinical and radiographic signs of megaesophagus were completely resolved. The dog was managed by levothyroxine administration with a gradual increase of the dose along with the monitoring of serum thyroxine concentrations since the dog was diagnosed with hypothyroidism. At 10 months after presentation, the dog continued to do well clinically. This is first case report describing rapid resolution of generalized megaesophagus after low-dose levothyroxine administration considering underlying cardiac disease in a hypothyroid dog.
Partial replacement of broom sorghum panicle residue and tallow with whole cottonseed in growing-finishing diets for lambs
Authors: Urías-Estrada Jesús David , Estrada-Angulo Alfredo , Castro-Pérez Beatriz Isabel , Plascencia Alejandro , Perea-Domínguez Xiomara Patricia , Barreras Alberto , Corona-Gochi Luis , Zinn Richard Avery
Published: January 2023

Sixty-four Pelibuey × Katahdin male lambs (14.3± 2.2 kg initial live weight) were used in an 84-d growing-finishing trial to evaluate optimal levels of inclusion of whole cottonseed (WCS) in a broom sorghum panicle residue-based diet. Dietary treatments consisted in partial replacement of broom sorghum panicle residue (SPR) and tallow with 0, 10, 20 or 30% WCS. Control diet contained 66.5% PSR and 3% tallow, and replacing were as follows: 10% of WCS  replaced 9% SPR and 1% tallow (WCS10), 20% WCS replaced 18 SPR and 2% tallow (WCS20), and 30% WCS replaced 27% SPR and 3% tallow (WCS30). Inclusion of WCS increased (quadratic component, P=0.03) average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI) and gain efficiency. However, with increasing level of WCS substitution the observed/expected dietary net energy ratio decreased (linear effect, P<0.01). The estimated NEm value for WCS determining by the replacement technique at the 10, 20 and 30% levels of inclusion were 2.48, 2.23, and 2.15 Mcal/kg, respectively. Consistent with the increased final weight, hot carcass weight and longissimus muscle area were increased (linear effect, P≤0.03) with increasing level of WCS inclusion. While, dressing percentage and fat thickness tended to increase (linear effect, P=0.10) with increasing WCS level. The partially replacement of broom sorghum panicle residue and tallow by up to 20% inclusion of WCS in finishing diets for lambs enhances ADG, gain efficiency, carcass weight, and LM area. However, the net energy value of WCS decreases with level of inclusion greater than 10%.
Equine arteritis virus seroprevalence and risk factors in horses in the inner Aegean and Central Anatolia regions of Turkey
Authors: Ince Omer Baris , Sevik Murat
Published: January 2023

Equine viral arteritis (EVA) is one of the most important respiratory and reproductive diseases of horses. This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of equine arteritis virus (EAV) infection and risk factors associated with seropositivity in clinically normal horses (n=262) in the inner Aegean region and Central Anatolia region of Turkey. This cross-sectional study was conducted by collecting sera samples (n = 262) from ambling horses raised in small family-type enterprises (n=65) during the months of February 2014 and February 2017. Epidemiological data were obtained from animal owners during blood sampling. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was used to detect specific antibodies against EAV in sera samples. Potential risk factors were determined by univariate logistic regression analysis. According to the test results, 8.40% (95% CI:5.61-12.39) seropositivity was detected in horses. While seropositivity rates by age were 2.47% in animals under 4 years of age, they were determined to be 11.05% in animals aged over 4 years (p=0.02). There was a statistically significant correlation between age, participation in races and festivals, precautions taken against rodents and insects at enterprises and EAV infection seropositivity (p<0.05). The findings obtained from this study are important in terms of informing breeders about the presence of this infection, taking infection-related biosecurity measures, and fighting the disease.
A Cross-sectional study on the transmission dynamics of Bovine Herpesvirus-1 infection in the farms located in the Thrace Region of Turkey
Authors: Ünver Alçay Ayla , Yilmaz Huseyin
Published: January 2023

In this study, detection of BHV-1 infections in cattle by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and investigation of the risk factors associated with the spread of the virus within the herd were aimed.  Three dairy farms were selected in the Thrace district, Marmara region, Turkey, and two visits to these farms. A questionnaire was prepared for the farmers. On the first visit, 4 (14.81%) of 27 animals on Farm 1, 6 (28.57%) of 21 animals in farm 2, and 3 (7.31%) of 41 animals in Farm 3 were found to be seropositive for BHV-1. On the second visit, 6 (25%) of 24 animals in Farm 1, 6 (35.29%) of 17 animals in Farm 2, and 6 (20%) of 30 animals in Farm 3 were found to be seropositive for BHV-1. Thirteen (14.6%) of 89 blood samples were seropositive at the first sampling and 18 (25.35%) of 71 blood samples in the second sampling. Two calves belonging to 7 cows that were found to be seropositive at the first visit, and the calves of four of 10 mothers found to be seropositive at the second visit were also found seropositive. BHV-1 DNA was detected in only 3 of the 43 milk samples taken during the first and second visits (2 on the first visit, one on the second visit), and 13 of 160 nasal swabs (8 on the first visit, five on the second visit). All the cows with three milk samples whose BHV-1 DNA was detected by PCR were determined as seropositive. Three of the eight cattle with BHV-1 DNA detected in nasal swabs on the first visit, and 4 of the five cattle with BHV-1 DNA detected in nasal swabs on the second visit were detected seropositive by ELISA. The statistical analysis has shown that the association between age, sex, and BHV-1 seropositivity was statistically significant. The BHV-1 seroprevalence was increased in animals on the second visit in all farms. The preventive measurements need to be applied in Turkey to control BHV-1 infections in cattle.
Clinicopathological and biochemical evaluation of Feline Infectious Peritonitis in Turkish Van cats
Authors: Özbek M , Özkan C , Kaya A , Yıldırım S , Kozat S , Akgül Y
Published: January 2023

This study was performed to investigate serum homocysteine and nitric oxide levels in cats with Feline Infectious Peritonitis and present some biochemical and pathological alterations related to the disease. The animal material of this study consisted of thirty Turkish Van Cats of different ages and genders that were definitely diagnosed with the disease by post-mortem examinations and immunohistochemistry. The control group consisted of 6 healthy Turkish Van Cats of different ages and genders that were brought for routine clinical examination. Cats in the study group had clinical findings such as loss of appetite, weight loss, high fever, fever not reduced despite antibiotics, jaundice, dehydration, vomiting, respiratory system symptoms, anemia, nervous findings, uveitis, and ascites. These cats were monitored and following the death, post-mortem examinations were performed and cases with a definitive diagnosis were included in the study. Among the cats consisting study group, while 25 had the dry form of the disease, 5 had wet form. According to the hematological results, there was a statistically significant reduction in platelet counts. The biochemical results showed statistically significant alterations that creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase myocardial band, homocysteine, and nitric oxide concentrations were higher than the control group. Besides albumin concentrations were lower and the albumin/globulin ratio was 0.53. As a result; this is the first detailed study in Turkish Van Cats with Feline Infectious Peritonitis that evaluated clinical, hematological, biochemical, and pathological findings. Furthermore, serum homocysteine and nitric oxide levels were evaluated for the first time in cats with vasculitis which is the most important complication of the disease. It is concluded that the evaluation of serum homocysteine and nitric oxide concentrations in Feline Infectious Peritonitis may assist the antemortem diagnosis of the disease.
Oxidant/Antioxidant Status and Certain Trace Elements Relationship in Hair Goats Naturally Infected by Neospora caninum
Authors: Çelik BA , Çelik ÖY , İrak K , Bolacalı M
Published: January 2023

This study was performed to determine the prevalence of Neospora caninum in female hair goats raised in different locations of the Siirt province of Turkey, and to investigate the total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), Zinc (Zn), and Copper (Cu) levels of the infected goats. The animal material of the study consists of a total of 184 female hair goats that are between 1 to 6 years old with the random sampling method. Investigation of the N.caninum antibodies was then performed using a commercial ELISA kit. The results of the ELISA tests reveal that the prevalence of N. caninum in the province of Siirt was 10.33% (19/184) positive, 7.61% (14/184) suspected, and 82.07% (151/184) negative. According to the ELISA test results, 10 seropositive and 10 seronegative sera samples were used in the TAS, TOS, Zn, and Cu analysis.  The TAS (p<0.01) and Zn (p<0.001) levels of goats positive with N. caninum were found to be lower compared to those of the seronegative goats, while their TOS and Cu levels were higher (p<0.05). This study was the first to determine the N.caninum prevalence in the goats raised in the province of Siirt. It was concluded that it would be beneficial to take precautionary measures, as well as further studies with larger scopes to be performed which should also involve dogs as the final hosts. Furthermore, the oxidative stress parameters (TAS, TOS) and certain trace elements (Zn, Cu) were found to be affected by the Neosporosis, which should be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
The influence of phytogenic additive on the antioxidant capacity, immunity and liver functions in stress-induced male rats
Authors: Koseli E , Seyidoglu N , Gurbanli R , Aydin C
Published: January 2023

Global animal feeding strategies have been modified due to several ecosystem changes that cause stress and decline in health, growth, and yields. According to the literature, natural additives have been fundamental to animal health from day to day. The present study measured changes in antioxidant status, immunity, liver functions and organ weights tested under stress conditions to determine whether dietary supplementation with phytogenic additive could provide beneficial effects. Forty-eight adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly separated into four groups; Control(C), Stress(S), Treatment(Tr), Treatment and Stress(TrS). Rats in groups Tr and TrS received phytogenic additive by adding into water (2mL/L) 5days a week for 28days. All rats were exposed to prolonged light phase conditions (18h light: 6h dark) for 14 days. Also, two chronic stresses, isolation and crowded environments, were applied to animals in the Stress and TrS groups. There was a significant decline in the oxidant status in untreated stress group, while phytogenic additive fed rats maintained a significantly higher total antioxidant status. This study also showed a significant increase in IL-4 and decrease in IFN-γ in the untreated Stress group compared to the Control group. There were increases in liver enzymes in the Stress group in comparison to the Control group. After the phytogenic treatment, there was an increase in the weight of the liver, intestine, brain and testes. In conclusion, this study showed that supplementation of phytogenic additive containing milk thistle and artichoke with choline, carnitine, vitamin E and melatonin describes the protective effects on antioxidant status, immunological parameters and liver functions under mixed stress conditions.
Replacing of soybean meal with sunflower meal with and without multi-enzyme on laying performance and egg quality in Hy-Line laying hens
Authors: Marami M , Nobakht A , Mehmannavaz Y , Mazlum F , Mahdavi S
Published: January 2023

This experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of replacement of different levels of soybean meal with sunflower meal on laying performance and egg quality parameters in laying hens. In this experiment, 360 laying hens from the age of 47 to 57 weeks, in 9 treatments and 5 replications (8 hens in each replication) were divided into a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement consisting of sunflower meal (0, 30, and 60%) and enzyme additive (0, 100 and 200 g/ton) in a completely randomized design for ten weeks. The results showed that the replacement of soybean meal with sunflower meal and enzyme has significant effects on the performance of laying hens. So that 60% replacement of soybean meal with sunflower meal increased the amount of daily feed intake of laying hens (P<.0.05). The use of 200 gr/ton of multi enzyme in laying hens diet, without having significant effects on other performance parameters, increased the amount of daily feed intake (P<.0.05). Concurrently, there was a non-significant (P>.0.05) trend for egg quality parameters, but weights of egg albumin were affected significantly (P<.0.05) substitution of 60% of sunflower meal in diets increased the amount egg albumin weight. In general, in laying hens, it is possible to replace 60% of soybean meal with sunflower meal without adversely affecting the performance and egg quality. The use of a multi-enzyme only increased the amount of feed intake.
Effects of combined use of thyme powder and aqueous extract on growth performance, carcass and organ characteristics, blood parameters, enzymes, immune system and jejunum morphology in broilers
Authors: Belali M , Seidavi A , Bouyeh M
Published: January 2023

This experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of Thyme Extract (TE) and Thyme Powder (TP) on growth performance, carcass and organ characteristics, blood parameters, enzymes, immune system, and intestinal morphology in broilers. The experiment was performed based on a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 4 replications and 10 Ross 308 male broilers in each replication for 42 days. Experimental treatments included aqueous extract of thyme (50 and 100 mg/kg feed) and thyme powder (150 and 250 mg/kg feed) which were used in combination with the basal diet (control). The effect of treatments was analyzed by SAS statistical software and the means were compared at 5% probability level with Duncan's multiple range test. The results showed that in the final period of the experiment, different levels of TE and TP had a significant effect on daily weight gain, feed intake and conversion ratio improvement (P<0.05) so that the highest mean was related to treatment TE (100) + TP (250). The effects of different levels of TE and TP were significantly different on European index, economic value and total weight of the period (P<0.05), meaning that the highest means were related to TE (100) + TP (250), and the lowest means were related to TE (0) and TP (0). Different levels of TE and TP had significant effects on the relative weight of thymus, live weight, wing weight, ventricular fat and pancreas (P<0.05). The effect of different levels of TE and TP on the immunity was significant throughout the period (P<0.05). The higher levels of TE and TP increased the villi length, villi width, crypt depth, layer thickness and the ratio of villi length to crypt depth to the control treatment. Based on the results of the present study, the use of TE (100 mg/kg) + TP (250 mg/kg) in the diet is recommended to supplement the diet of Ross 308 broilers.
Effects of fumonisin and Salmonella infection in the expression of Toll-like receptors in chicken ovary
Authors: Gkiorsos V , Michailidis G , Anastasiadou M , Giannenas I
Published: January 2023

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced mainly by fungi that contaminate animal feed and basic food products throughout the world. Currently, more than 500 mycotoxins are reported and one of the most important concern to public health and agriculture is Fumonisin B1 (FB1). FB1, a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme, is a contaminant of animal feed with various and complex cellular effects. Although FB1 has been associated with various diseases in animals, to date few studies have been performed to evaluate the endocrine disrupting effects of FB1 and more particularly the effects in the innate immune mechanisms of farm animals and more specifically in poultry species. As the family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is one of the key molecules of the innate immune system, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the transcriptional changes of TLRs in the chicken ovary in vivo, in chicks fed with FB1 and in response to Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) infection. RNA was extracted from the ovaries of sexually mature and aged birds, treated with FB1 and SE. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that FB1 and SE infection resulted in a significant down regulation of 5 TLR genes in the ovary of sexual mature and aged birds. These findings suggest that the mycotoxin FB1 suppresses the innate immune system of the chicken reproductive organs, through alteration in the expression of certain TLR genes.
Use of Spirulina Platensis in Japanese quail diets in fattening period and responses of performance, meat quality and immunity
Authors: Göçmen R
Published: January 2023

This study was carried out to determine the effects of different levels of Spirulina Platensis(SP)in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) diet on performance, meat color, meat quality, and immune response. A total of 250 1-d old Japanese quails were randomly distributed to five dietary groups with five replicates.. The powder form of SP was used and experimental diets formulated according to inclusion levels as; The negative control group (NC)(Basal diet- 0% SP-no vaccine)),the control group (C) (Basal diet, 0%SP -vaccinated) the SP1 group (basal diet-2.5%SP,vaccinated), the SP2 group (basal diet- 5% SP, vaccinated) and the SP3 group (basal diet- 7.5% SP, vaccinated). During five weeks  experiment, growth performance parameters were determined and at the end of the trial a total of 75 quails (15 quails from each group) were slaughtered and antibody titers (ABT) against the Newcastle (ND) vaccine, meat color values, meat quality parameters were detected and some visceral organs were weighted. Results showed that the inclusion of SP to quail diets at the level of 2.5% increased  the final live weight (FLW) and total body weight gain (TBWG) significantly (P<0.05) compared the other groups. The highest feed consumption (FC) was detected in the control group and the best feed conversion ratio was found in SP1 group (P<0.05). Dietary SP did not affect carcass yield, liver, and bursa weights (P>0.05), however, the carcass weight was affected by SP in the diet and the highest value found in the SP1 group (P<0.05). Color values of breast meat changed as depend on level of the dietary SP and a* and b* values increased by the addition of 2.5%, SP to diet. Breast meat pH value, cook loss (CL), and water holding capacity (WHC) affected by the SP supplementation and the highest values were determined in the control group (P<0.05). ABT reading against the ND vaccine was similar between all vaccinated groups independently from the level of dietary SP but significantly low in the NC group (P<0.05). In a conclusion, the use of SP in quail diets at the level of 2.5 % may positively influence performance, carcass weight breast meat quality parameters, color values.
Effects of Using Inulin and Grape Pomace in Broiler Diets on Performance, Carcass Yield, Intestinal Viscosity, Immunity, and Antioxidant Status
Authors: Şen G , Başalan M
Published: January 2023

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of inulin and grape pomace addition to broiler diets on performance, carcass yield, intestinal viscosity, immunity, and antioxidant status. In the study, a total of 160 unsexed 0-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were divided into 4 groups as follows: the control (CON) group, and the groups consuming diets with 10 g/kg inulin (IN), 50 g/kg grape pomace (GP), and 10 g/kg inulin + 50 g/kg grape pomace (INGP) respectively. At the end of the experiment which lasted 42 days, 48 animals were bled for the analysis of immunity and antioxidant parameters. At the end of the study period, while body weight gain, carcass yield and intestinal viscosity values between the groups was not significant, grape pomace had a negative effect on feed consumption and feed conversion ratios (P<0.05). Immunoglobuline (Ig) G levels of the animals in the INGP group were significantly lower than those - in the other groups (P<0.05). The Catalase (CAT) activity was increased in groups consumed diets containing grape pomace (P<0.05). While β carotene level was elevated by inulin in the blood of animals, vitamin C and E levels were elevated by inulin and grape pomace significantly (P<0.05). As a result, it was observed that the use of inulin and grape pomace in broiler diets had no negative effect on carcass yield, intestinal viscosity, and antioxidant status. However, the inulin and grape pomace combination on feed cosumption, feed efficiency and immunity had a negative effect.
Serological survey of Chlamydia abortus in Greek dairy sheep flocks
Authors: Petridou EJ , Kiossis E , Chochlakis D , Lafi SQ , Psaroulaki A , Filippopoulos LK , Baratelli M , Giadinis ND
Published: January 2023

Chlamydiosis due to Chlamydia abortus is one of the most common causes of abortion in small ruminant flocks worldwide. Although the causative agent is zoonotic, chlamydiosis is not a reportable disease. There is lack of recent data concerning sheep chlamydiosis in Greece.In the current study, a serological investigation for Chlamydia abortus was conducted. Blood samples from 26 randomly selected sheep flocks not vaccinated against chlamydiosis were collected. From each flock, 15 to 20 blood samples were taken from adult female sheep. In total 464 blood samples were examined. One hundred and six samples were positive (22.8%), while 24 samples (5.24%) were doubtful.  Moreover, at farm level, in 18 out of the total number of 26 farms, at least one positive animal was detected (69.2%).Chlamydiosis is considered a highly likely cause of sheep abortion in Greece. Therefore, vaccination of the sheep flocks is strongly recommended for the prevention and control of the disease.
Metabolomics characteristics associated with milk yield and milk quality in sheep
Authors: Kahraman M , Das A , Gungoren G , Dogan Das B , Yalcin H , Hitit M , Koyuncu İ , Akmese S
Published: January 2023

Standart süt testleri, süt verimi ve kalitesi gibi izleme özelliklerini içerir. Standart süt testlerinin yapılmasına ek olarak, süt özelliklerini belirlemek için potansiyel biyobelirteçler olarak hareket edebilecek metabolitleri değerlendirmek artık mümkün. Bu çalışma İvesi koyunlarında süt verimi ve kalitesi ile ilgili metabolomik parametreleri belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmamızda süt verimi yüksek 13, süt verimi düşük 13 olmak üzere toplam 26 İvesi koyunu incelenmiştir. Metabolomik analiz için sıvı kromatografi tandem kütle spektrometrisi kullanıldı. Aspartik asit, ornitin, anserin ve sistatiyonin düzeyleri açısından iki grup arasında farklı düzeylerde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark vardı (P<0.05 ve P<0.01). Süt verimi ile aspartik asit (r=-0,630) ve anserin (r=-0. 522) seviyeleri (P<0.01). Laktoz seviyeleri ile lizin (r=−0.501), alfa-aminoadipik asit (r=−0.524) ve hidroksilizin (r=−0.511) seviyeleri arasında anlamlı bir negatif korelasyon bulundu (P<0.01). Somatik hücre sayısı ve alanin (r=0,493), aspartik asit (r=0,418), prolin (r=0,421), alfa-aminoadipik asit (r=0,407), beta-alanin (r=0,433) ve tiyaprolin (r =0.434) seviyeleri (P<0.05) pozitif korelasyon gösterdi. Sonuçlarımız, koyun sütü verimi ve süt kalitesiyle ilgili metabolik olaylar hakkında, süt üretimini iyileştirmek ve koyun sütünün bileşenlerini geliştirmek için daha ileri araştırmalara rehberlik edebilecek önemli bilgiler sağlar. Somatik hücre sayısı ve alanin (r=0,493), aspartik asit (r=0,418), prolin (r=0,421), alfa-aminoadipik asit (r=0,407), beta-alanin (r=0,433) ve tiyaprolin (r =0.434) seviyeleri (P<0.05) pozitif korelasyon gösterdi. Sonuçlarımız, koyun sütü verimi ve süt kalitesiyle ilgili metabolik olaylar hakkında, süt üretimini iyileştirmek ve koyun sütünün bileşenlerini geliştirmek için daha ileri araştırmalara rehberlik edebilecek önemli bilgiler sağlar. Somatik hücre sayısı ve alanin (r=0,493), aspartik asit (r=0,418), prolin (r=0,421), alfa-aminoadipik asit (r=0,407), beta-alanin (r=0,433) ve tiyaprolin (r =0.434) seviyeleri (P<0.05) pozitif korelasyon gösterdi. Sonuçlarımız, koyun sütü verimi ve süt kalitesiyle ilgili metabolik olaylar hakkında, süt üretimini iyileştirmek ve koyun sütünün bileşenlerini geliştirmek için daha ileri araştırmalara rehberlik edebilecek önemli bilgiler sağlar.
A meta-analysis of the association between Growth Hormone (GH) gene polymorphism and growth traits in cattle breeds
Authors: Bayraktar M , Özdemir M
Published: January 2023

GH gene is one of the important genes that affect the productive and physiological traits in livestock. This study aimed to use a meta-analysis to determine the association of the GH gene with growth traits in cattle. Four different genetic models were used: dominant LL + LV versus VV, recessive LL versus LV + VV, complete over dominant LL+VV vs. LV and co-dominant LL vs. LV, LL vs. VV and LV vs. VV. The random-effect model was used in data analysis based on I2. Meta-analysis showed an effect of GH genotypes on the birth weight (BW) under the recessive (p<0.05) and complete over dominant (p<0.01) models. However, no association (p>0.05) was found under the dominant model. In terms of co-dominant model, the GH polymorphism showed a significant association with BW (SMD = 0.359, 95% CI = 0.119 to 0.599, p = 0.003) under LL vs. LV genotype combination patterns. No association was found between GH polymorphism and BW under LL vs. VV genotype combination. The results showed that the LL genotype had a significant effect on BW traits from LV and VV genotypes when comparing the models. The results showed an effect of the GH on ADG under four genetic models (p<0.05).
Définition, mise en image et médiatisation des priorités identitaires lors du processus visuel de la commémoration
Authors: Mitropoulou Eleni
Published: January 2023

La question de l’identité nationale est inhérente à la question de la commémoration des faits historiques, ce processus dédié à rappeler, mentionner, évoquer, voire célébrer un événement jugé essentiel dans le parcours d’une nation.
Strenthening trust and security in the EU cybersecurity policy
Authors: Bermanns George
Published: January 2023

The present work deals with analyzing the legislation of Cybersecurity in the EU context. The European legislator has sought in recent years alongside foreign and defense policy to create an ad hoc order involving all the organs of the Union with the aim of tackling new types of crimes at European and international level. Our analysis seeks to address the new technological challenges and problems relating to cybersecurity by analyzing the acts of a binding or not nature of the Union which certainly show an application by the Member States that seems to be of a decisive nature for the evolution of the coming years of this sector as well as the demonstration that the EU rightly behaves in practice as a global player.
Reform proposals for the second Chamber of the Parliament in Poland modelled on the solutions adopted in the Republic of Slovenia
Authors: Maksymiuk Magdalena , Trubalski Artur
Published: January 2023

The present article attempts to demonstrate the need for systemic changes in the form of the Senate of the Republic of Poland. It also presents the competencies and composition of the National Council in Slovenia and its position within the political system, which may serve as an example for introducing changes to the Second Chamber of the Polish Parliament.
The role of International Criminal Court Prosecutor according to art. 16 StICC
Authors: Cacioppo Maurizio
Published: January 2023

The present research is focused on the deferral power of International Criminal Court (ICC) Prosecutor in order to suspend the judicial activity. The StICC tries to offer some coordination tools, whose correct and careful use should in principle favor a harmonious and effective interaction between the two organs ICC and Security Council (SC)) avoiding thus the emergence of conflicts. Despite these intent of the statutory provisions, the margin of discretion inevitably granted to ICC and SC in interpreting the extension of the powers recognized to them, can lead to tensions and contrasts of not easy solution. The final considerations aim to examine the relevance of the possible coordination models of the action of the two bodies, proposed during this introduction, in defining the forms that the interactions between ICC and SC take. Some reflections aimed at highlighting the effects resulting from the dynamics of the relationship between the two organizations on the legitimacy and effectiveness of the ICC action close the investigation.
Thoughts, analysis perspectives and critics of function of punishment in international criminal law
Authors: Liakopoulos Dimitris I.
Published: January 2023

International criminal law constitutes, due to its intrinsic characteristics, a competition challenge at the universal level of norms and crimes which finds its most natural and logical manifestation through the final penalties provided for in the Statute of the International Criminal Court (StICC). The present work has as its object to analyze the punishment according to the StICC, the hypotheses of normative convergences that are established alongside the foreseen sentences, the jurisprudential cases, the verifiable convergences within the global international community where the sentences take place over the years, the path of harmonization, integration, evolution, development not so much of international criminal law but also of domestic law, the rationalization of accounts with internal justice which is never eliminated by the international one, snubbed towards a type of annihilating a priori inevitable phenomena against the impunity, the continuous violence against human rights and the strength of the victors and hegemons.
Does the way forward today have to be criminal law, especially for crimes within the family?
Authors: Vilela Alexandra
Published: January 2023

Nowadays, when we see a constant recourse to Criminal Law, almost in all areas of human activity, it's necessary to examine what is happening in the micro-community cell that family is. We study the particular case of domestic violence, the evolution of the concept of family and whether Criminal Law is useful or not within the family. There is also a brief reflection on the need for a new concept of family and, therefore, a reform in society.
Criminal liability for causing death or personal injury for medical malpractice in Greek penal law
Authors: Satlanis Christos
Published: January 2023

In order to be able to properly and flawlessly control the criminal liability of doctors, whose conduct caused death or bodily harm, we should first of all define the concept of negligence (external and internal). In particular, we must identify the cases in which a doctor's external negligence occurs, that is, an error in his behavior during the practice of medical duties. The enrichment of the text with cases from jurisprudence clarifies things. Subsequently, it is required for the simultaneous (convergent) act of more than one doctor to clarify who or which only of them have criminal responsibility and whether someone or some are exempted from responsibility. There are also cases in which a causal connection is established between the action or omission of a doctor and the future harmful effect on the life or health of the patient, but this is not his work and for this reason the doctor is exempted from criminal liability. And finally the question arises: Are medical specialists criminally liable?
Tranexamic acid for the prevention of postpartum bleeding: Protocol for a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis
Authors:   The Anti-fibrinolytics Trialists Collaborators – Obstetric Trialists Group, Ker Katharine , Shakur-Still Haleema , Sentilhes Loïc , Pacheco Luis D. , Saade George , Deneux-Tharaux Catherine , Brenner Amy , Mansukhani Raoul , Ageron François-Xavier , Prowse Danielle , Chaudhri Rizwana , Olayemi Oladapo , Roberts Ian
Published: January 2023

Background: Tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces the risk of death and is recommended as a treatment for women with severe postpartum bleeding. There is hope that giving TXA shortly before or immediately after birth could prevent postpartum bleeding. Extending the use of TXA to prevent harmful postpartum bleeding could improve outcomes for millions of women; however, we must carefully consider the balance of benefits and potential harms. This article describes the protocol for a systematic review and individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness and safety of TXA for preventing postpartum bleeding, and to explore how the effects vary by underlying risk and other patient characteristics.

Methods: We will search for prospectively registered, randomised controlled trials involving 500 patients or more assessing the effects of TXA in women giving birth. Two authors will extract data and assess risk of bias. IPD data will be sought from eligible trials. Primary outcomes will be life-threatening bleeding and thromboembolic events. We will use a one-stage model to analyse the data. Subgroup analyses will be conducted to explore whether the effectiveness and safety of TXA varies by underlying risk, type birth, maternal haemoglobin (Hb), and timing of TXA. 

Conclusions: This systematic review and IPD meta-analysis will address important clinical questions about the effectiveness and safety of the use of TXA for the prevention of postpartum bleeding that cannot be answered reliably using aggregate data and will inform the decision of who to treat.

PROSPERO registration: CRD42022345775
The genome sequence of the Pied Smudge, Ypsolopha sequella (Clerck, 1759)
Authors: Boyes Douglas ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective, Langdon William B.V. ,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: January 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual Ypsolopha sequella (the Pied Smudge; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Ypsolophidae). The genome sequence is 867 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 30 chromosomal pseudomolecules with the Z sex chromosome assembled. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.3 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 20,394 protein coding genes.
Editor’s Note
Authors: Talviste Katre , Gielen Katiliina
Published: January 2023

Editor’s Note
La figure de l’artiste dans la littérature française ultra contemporaine : de l’analyse thématique vers le portrait de l’homme
Authors: Lastičová Adriana
Published: January 2023

The figure of the artist in French ultra-contemporary literature: From thematic analysis to the portrait of Man. This paper aims to contribute to the study of the figure of the artist through thematic analysis of several recent texts published in French. The author examines the main themes linked to the artist-protagonist, classifies them in hypernymic categories and shows that in the works of some contemporary French authors (Houellebecq, Grainville, Gailly, Le Guillou) the figure of the artist loses its romantic features, inherited from the artist novel of the nineteenth century and increasingly takes on anthropological dimensions to convey the values of the human quest. According to the author, hermeneutic interest in these works should consist in deciphering their full potential in terms of meaning beyond the surface of the artist novels.
Unveiling the Perpetrator’s Gaze in Pedro Lemebel’s Novel Tengo miedo torero
Authors: Uribe Ugalde Julio
Published: January 2023

In the last decades, there has been a gradual shift in memory studies to approach traumatic events from the perpetrator’s view, rather than the victim’s. While this has been possible in some contexts – such as that of World War II – due to the availability of incriminatory material, it has been unfeasible in others because of its inexistence. In Chile, for example, the testimony of the dictatorship’s top authority Augusto Pinochet is unavailable because of his denial to accept responsibility in the country’s genocide, an aspect that has hindered victims from understanding his criminal motivations. When such is the case, we argue that fictional narratives may become a suitable way to recreate unknown events and thus facilitate a more coherent narrative of the past. We aim to demonstrate this by analysing the articulation of fictional dialogues uttered by Pinochet in the novel Tengo miedo torero (2001) by Chilean writer Pedro Lemebel.
Leo Lipski. Forma życia osłabionego
Authors: Paszek Paweł
Published: January 2023

Twórczość Leo Lipskiego stanowi przykład pisarstwa, w którym struktury tekstowo-językowe pozostają w nierozerwalnym splocie ze strukturami egzystencji. Dzieło Lipskiego, w perspektywie radykalnego ujęcia formy pisania jako pracy w obrębie cielesności, świadomości, pamięci staje się szczególną metodą uobecniania, reprezentacji, mediacji i moderacji własnego doświadczenia. W tym sensie pisanie – twórczy akt – Lipskiego jawi się jako faktyczna formacja życia. W artykule zostaje przedstawiona próba wydobycia wskazanych kwestii z dzieła autora Niespokojnych poddanego lekturze mikrologicznej, meletycznej, zorientowanej na pisanie.
Odnalezione juwenilia
Authors: Lipski Leo
Published: January 2023

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„Życie to nie zawsze życie”. O „Liście” Leo Lipskiego i Ory Raskin
Authors: Zając Antoni
Published: January 2023

Celem artykułu jest zainicjowanie namysłu badawczego nad odnalezionym niedawno w zbiorach Biblioteki Narodowej Izraela dramatem Leo Lipskiego i Ory Raskin zatytułowanym List (tytuł pierwotny – „Knajpa”). Artykuł podzielony jest na dwie zasadnicze części: część pierwsza służy omówieniu i aktualizacji dotychczasowego stanu wiedzy o utworze Lipskiego i Raskin oraz omawia związane z nim problemy badawcze o charakterze tekstologiczno-bibliograficznym. Druga część została poświęcona interpretacji wybranych wątków Listu, przy czym za najistotniejsze uznano przede wszystkim trzy konteksty: możliwy wpływ dramaturgii z nurtu teatru absurdu na ukształtowanie zarówno formy jak i akcji utworu; znaczenie fali emigracji Żydów polskich do Izraela w drugiej połowie lat 50., czyli tak zwanej alii gomułkowskiej; relację między tym dramatem a innymi utworami Lipskiego, w szczególności zaś z powstającą z nim równolegle mikropowieścią Piotruś. List krytycznie skonfrontowano ponadto z podstawowym idiomem lekturowym, obecnym w najnowszych badaniach nad Lipskim, który można określić mianem „mesjańskiego witalizmu”.
Dominus Jhesus novum genus militie constituit et elegit: “the Lord Jesus has set up and chosen a new sort of knighthood”. The military orders’ relations with women from the twelfth to the sixteenth century ‒ a survey
Authors: Nicholson Helen
Published: January 2023

The normative texts of the Military Religious Orders generally sought to limit or even prevent all interaction between the professed Brothers and women, and the primitive rule of the Order of the Temple indicated that women should no longer be admitted to the Order. The reason for this restriction was to prevent the Brothers being distracted from their spiritual vocation through the physical presence of women. In practice, however, the evidence of charters, estate inventories, and narrative accounts reveal that all the Military Religious Orders admitted women in some capacity – as sorores, donatae, consorores and corrodians – and interacted with women on a daily basis. Fully professed sisters of the Military Orders followed a lifestyle like that of nuns, focused on prayer rather than action. However, lay women appear in the primary sources as patrons, tenants, and employees of the Military Orders and even occasionally took up arms to support their military activities. The Military Orders also patronised female saints, both saints in heaven (such as the Blessed Virgin Mary) and holy women on Earth (such as Dorothea of Montau). This article sets out to survey the various ways in which the Military Orders interacted with women and involved them in their work.
The nunneries of the Order of St. John in medieval Italy
Authors: Toomaspoeg Kristjan
Published: January 2023

This paper’s focus is women as professed members of the Order of St John in Italy, as documented in cities such as Milan, Florence, Venice, Genova, Monteleone di Spoleto, Perugia, Penne and Sovereto. The adherence of women to the Order came under several institutional forms. Some women were laypeople, associated consorores who carried out the Order’s activities, sometimes working in its hospitals. Others lived in the houses of the Order of St John, where they could also take the vows, with consequent formation of “mixed” convents or monasteries. But in some cases, separate nunneries were created or assimilated from other communities. Some historians have seen a different evolution from the initial vocation of women, which consisted of field activities in support of the poor and the sick, and would later become a strictly cloistered life. This change can be observed by examining the biographies of the two Italian female Hospitaller saints, Ubaldesca and Toscana. Yet, local development varied, and the situation in an important city like Florence differed from nunneries in smaller localities like Sovereto or Penne. Finally, several interesting sources allow us a glimpse of the spirituality and norms in those women’s daily lives compared to male religiosity. The medieval Italian nunneries of St John never became an autonomous branch of the Order, but at the same time, they were not a rare or exceptional phenomenon.
Women and the Hospitaller Order on Rhodes and Cyprus in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries
Authors: Coureas Nicholas Savvas
Published: January 2023

The women on Hospitallers Rhodes were by no means a uniform group. They differed in terms of social class, some being slaves, others being serfs while others were free women, at times wealthy property owners. Nor did the women on Rhodes have the same ethnicity. While the majority of women were Greek, like the inhabitants of Rhodes in general, not all of them originated from Rhodes. In addition, there were also women of Syrian origin, as well as women of Latin and Jewish origin. In terms of marital status, there were unmarried women, married women and widows, and in terms of legal standing there were lay women but also women in religious orders, nuns or donors. In spatial terms some women resided in the countryside while others lived in the Town of Rhodes. Members of all the groups of women mentioned above had contacts or relations with the Hospitaller Order and its members, and women feature in the legislation of the Order.