bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Visual Performance With Digitally Assisted Vitreoretinal Surgery
Authors: González-Saldivar Gerardo , Chow David R.
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Evaluate depth of field (DOF) and lateral resolution (LR) on digitally assisted vitreoretinal surgery (DAVS) with different camera aperture values and TV viewing distances to determine maximal optical performance.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Five retinal surgeons objectively evaluated DOF and LR at low (10×), medium (15×), and high (20×) magnification on a conventional microscope (CM) and DAVS. DAVS was evaluated at different camera apertures (30%, 50%, and 75%) and TV viewing distances (1.2 meters [m], 1.5 m, and 2.0 m). A comparison between CM and optimized DAVS values was carried out.

RESULTS:

On DAVS, DOF significantly increased as camera aperture size was reduced (75% to 50%,
P
= .022; 75% to 30%,
P
≤ .001; and 50% to 30%,
P
= .001) and as microscope magnification was reduced (high to medium,
P
= .009; high to low,
P
≤ .001; and medium to low,
P
= .002). LR significantly increased as microscope magnification was increased (low to medium,
P
= .010; low to high,
P
≤ .001; and medium to high,
P
= .015) and as TV display distance decreased (2.0 m to 1.5 m,
P
= .019; 2.0 m to 1.2 m,
P
= .009; and 1.5 m to1.2 m,
P
= .185). When comparing optimized DAVS against CM, DOF was significantly larger on DAVS (
P
= .019). LR on DAVS outperformed the CM, but statistical significant was not reached (
P
= .185).

CONCLUSIONS:

The authors' study is the first to evaluate different aperture, magnification, and TV distance settings, and when optimized, DAVS can significantly outperform a CM with respect to DOF and LR. Optimized visual performance for DAVS is obtained with a 30% camera aperture and a TV viewing distance no further than 1.5 m. Maximal microscope magnification to exploit LR during macular surgery and low-to-medium magnification to increase DOF for overall vitrectomy surgery is recommended.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2020;51:S15–S21.]
La antropología cultural en su relación con la criminología
Authors: Caro Baroja Julio
Published: April 2020

Tras una breve introducción sobre el significado variable del término «Crimen», se analiza la relación multivariable que existe entre el concepto -de crimen y las distintas concepciones culturales, señalando la validez de las ideas referentes a la justicia y la penalidad para la definición de las distintas culturas. El relativismo que afecta a las conductas objeto de castigo se ejemplifica en crímenes que atentan contra la religión, en la homosexualidad y el parricidio. El mismo cambio puede observarse en el significado del espacio, los vínculos de sangre y la herencia, en relación con lo que puede ser considerado crimen, o no, y su castigo.
La historia de la antropología como excusa: la influencia de la metodología en la disparidad historiográfica
Authors: Castilla Urbano Francisco
Published: April 2020

La historia de la antropología ha sido una disciplina ocupada tradicionalmente por antropólogos retirados del trabajo de campo, que aplicaban en ésta sus convicciones metodológicas; el resultado ha sido la disparidad de versiones historiográficas. Sólo una historia de la antropología hecha por auténticos historiadores, independientemente de su origen particular, la antropología o la historia de la ciencia, conseguirá hacer de aquélla una disciplina objetiva.
La Sociedad Española de Antropología, Etnografía y Prehistoria ( 1921-1951)
Authors: Sánchez Gómez Luis Ángel
Published: April 2020

La Sociedad Española de Antropología, Etnografía y Prehistoria (1921-1951) fue, hasta la guerra civil, la institución española de mayor relevancia en las materias a las que dedicaba su actividad, especialmente la antropología física y la prehistoria. Se estudia su desarrollo histórico institucional y la orientación científica de su revista, así como las difíciles relaciones mantenidas con el Instituto «Bernardino Sahagún» de Antropología y Etnología del CSIC, que acabarían conduciéndola a su desaparición.
Léxico rural del treviño de Córdoba, Granada y Málaga
Authors: Galeote Manuel
Published: April 2020

El estudio lingüístico de las formas léxicas ( relativas a cultivos, labores de recolección, plantas silvestres, animales, etc.), recogidas en las localidades donde convergen los límites provinciales de Córdoba, Granada y Málaga, nos muestra, por una parte, el polimorfismo debido al cruce de isoglosas en dicha área y, por otra, la inestabilidad sociolingüística del habla rural, caracterizada por el arcaísmo.
La iconografía religiosa en el siglo XVIII
Authors: Alarcón Román Concepción
Published: April 2020

En este artículo se analiza la iconografía de Cristo, María y los santos, de un puñado de santuarios ubicados en diferentes regiones españolas, tal como se veía y reflejaba en el siglo XVIII. Estampas y medallas devocionales sirven para recrear un mundo que está entre la historia del arte y la etnografía, porque no sólo nos preocupa cómo son y de qué materiales están hechos estos objetos, sino que también vemos los privilegios de fabricación, su mercado y el uso que hacen de ellos los devotos. Enmarcado todo ello en la época de Carlos III, que legisló especialmente en materia de platería y grabado en los lugares sagrados.
Actividades agromarítimas en el Noroeste peninsular
Authors: Carreira Antonio
Published: April 2020

No disponible
Mésopotamie : sources et genres
Authors: Grandpierre Véronique
Published: April 2020

La Mésopotamie, berceau d’une brillante
civilisation qui, au fil des millénaires, s’est étendue du golfe
Arabo‑Persique à la mer Méditerranée, de la mer Noire au Nil, a sombré
dans l’oubli durant plusieurs millénaires avant sa redécouverte
progressive et relativement récente. Elle offre ainsi des sources
directes, exceptionnelles par rapport à celle des mondes de
l’Antiquité classique. Leur conservation a cependant été soumise aux
conditions climatiques, aux matériaux utilisés ainsi qu’à leur
condition de mise au jour. Elles offrent un panorama complet des
connaissances littéraires et scientifiques, mais pas seulement. Grâce
aux structures retrouvées (palais, temples, maisons, aqueducs…) et à
leur iconographie, grâce aux textes de la pratique (lettres entre
particuliers, contrats, jugements, comptes de distribution de rations
…) qui font tant défaut ailleurs, elles permettent de retracer les
éléments de la simple vie du quotidien.
Remédier à la crise économique dans la principauté des Nguyễn : un placet vietnamien de la fin du xviiie siècle
Authors: Poisson Emmanuel
Published: April 2020

La crise dans la principauté des Nguyễn (Đàng Trong 塘中, Nam Hà 南河 ou Cochinchine selon les textes) située dans le centre et le sud du Việt Nam actuel peut être appréhendée à travers un placet de 1770 du lettré Ngô Thế  Lân 吳世璘 adressé à Nguyễn Phúc Thuần 阮福淳 (r. 1765‑1775), dixième et ultime seigneur de la lignée des Nguyễn. Les dérèglements monétaires, la pression fiscale et la corruption bureaucratique conjuguées aux fléaux naturels - telles que les inondations à partir du milieu du xviiie siècle - stimulent le mécontentement populaire. Toutefois, la solution traditionnaliste que prône l’auteur – le recours à un outil de régularisation des prix institué par les Han au milieu du Ier siècle avant notre ère - n’est pas à la mesure d’une crise qui, loin de se limiter à la monnaie, touche l’économie et la société dans son ensemble.
La Station Nation du RER A. Un patrimoine souterrain
Authors: Labrunye Raphaël , Lescure Raphaël
Published: April 2020

Dans le contexte actuel de démarrage des travaux du futur métro Grand Paris Express, la RATP initie de lourds travaux de modernisation des gares du RER A. Face à ce patrimoine singulier, soucieuse de ne pas réitérer des destructions antérieures, elle initie une démarche singulière avec la création d’un conseil scientifique du patrimoine. Une étude historique a été menée dans ce cadre sur les gares du tronçon central, traversant Paris intra-muros jusqu’à La Défense, et plus particulièrement sur la station Nation, œuvre de l’architecte Alain Bourbonnais. A la fin des années 1960, la RATP s’est trouvée confrontée à un chantier d’ampleur inédite, modifiant radicalement les échelles et les problématiques jusqu’alors traitées lors de la réalisation des lignes de métro. L’ambition était de réaliser une infrastructure de transport d’un grand confort, ouverte à toutes les classes sociales. Poursuivant ce qu’elle avait engagé sur quelques cas isolés, la RATP s’entoure d’architectes-conseils qui sont les concepteurs d’une nouvelle esthétique du transport métropolitain. Les innovations sont partout, du système de validation (création de la carte orange) aux revêtements en émaux de briare, en passant par l’introduction d’œuvres d’art, de boutiques pour créer un véritable urbanisme souterrain. Écartés des phases de conception d’ingénierie du gros œuvre, les architectes tentent comme ils peuvent de s’adapter à une structure hypertrophiée, conçue pour gérer des flux très importants. Il en résulte une œuvre tout à fait originale qui est restée, dans l’ensemble, dans son état d’origine. La situation souterraine impose cependant la dépose intégrale des décors existants ; le chantier de rénovation est un défi à l’intervention patrimoniale telle que pratiquée à l’air libre.
O PROCESSO DE INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO E AS ADAPTAÇÕES NO COMPOSTO MERCADOLÓGICO DE UMA PEQUENA EMPRESA
Authors: Zaramella Daniel Guerra , Liberato Jéssica Sanna , Verdu Fabiane Cortez
Published: April 2020

Este estudo teve como objetivo principal descrever o processo de internacionalização e asadaptações no composto mercadológico da Holz. Em termos específicos, pretendeu-se atingiros seguintes objetivos: (1) Identificar as estratégias de internacionalização da Holz; (2)Identificar as adaptações no composto mercadológico da Holz. A revisão da literaturacontempla os modelos gradual e Born Global de internacionalização, as principais estratégiasde internacionalização (exportação, contrato e investimento direto no exterior) e os elementosdo composto mercadológico (produto, preço, praça e promoção). Esta pesquisa pode serclassificada como qualitativa; a estratégia utilizada foi o estudo de caso. Os dados primáriosforam obtidos por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e os secundários col etados nowebsite da empresa. Foi realizada uma entrevista com o proprietário da Holz, a qual durouaproximadament e uma hor a, foi gravada e transcrita e posteriormente analisada pormeio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. O processo de internacionalização da Holz écaracterizado como Born global, pois a empresa foi criada para exportar madeira. A empresautilizou-se d a estratégia de exportação i n direta, por meio de agentes comissionados nopaís de o r i g em. O mix de marketing da Holz é adaptado conforme as necessidades domercado consumidor: o produto recebe alterações de acordo com a necessidade e costume decada país; as modificações de preço são limitadas, pois os preços são uniformes; o método dedistribuição é indireto; a promoção é inexistente.
Editorial
Authors: Cassandre Marcio Pascoal , De Oliveira Josiane Silva
Published: April 2020

Editorial do volume 27, número 1, 2019.
Probing the Adhesion Behavior of Graphene via a Viscoelastic Stamping Technique
Authors: Suwandana Rahman Faiz , Hsieh Ya Ping , Hofmann Mario
Published: April 2020

The assembly of graphene and other two-dimensional (2D) materials into artificial crystals termed van-der-Waals stacks has great potential to produce new materials without precedence in nature and develop novel electronic devices. To reliably assemble 2D materials into such structures, however, a better understanding of the transfer process is required. Here we report a quantitative approach to examining the adhesion behavior during viscoelastic stamping of 2D materials. By measuring the adhesion of graphene to different carrier substrates and varying the peeling speed we have identified the range of adhesion of samples. The result shows that the adhesion occurs between graphene-graphene and graphene-SiO2 substrate have a higher value than the ability of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp to pick up. The impact of surface modification and alternative substrates is investigated and our results provide guidelines to realize an effective fabrication method for two-dimensional heterostructure devices.
Effect of Two Stages Adsorption as Pre-Treatment of Natural Organic Matter Removal in Ultrafiltration Process for Peat Water Treatment
Authors: Mahmud Mahmud , Elma Muthia , Rampun Erdina Lulu Atika , Rahma Aulia , Pratiwi Amalia Enggar , Abdi Chairul , Rossadi Raisa
Published: April 2020

Natural Organic Matter (NOM) content in peat water is a major problem of membrane fouling in ultrafiltration (UF). For that, two stages adsorption as pre-treatment was employed to minimize the membrane fouling of NOM content. This research was carried out to investigate the effect of two stages adsorption on ultrafiltration performance for NOM removal that remains in peat water. This method was using powdered activated carbon (PAC) dosage of 80, 160, 240, 320, 400, 480, 560, 640, 720, 800, 880 dan 960 mg.L-1. Then, Polysulfone (Psf) material was employed for Ultra filtration process. Membrane was applied in a dead-end mode with various operating pressure (1; 1.5; 2; 2.5; 3 bar). As a results, the optimum dose of PAC was 800 mg L-1 with dosage ratio of 3/4:1/4. Two stages adsorption-UF PSf provided the range from 86.9 to 92.8% of KMnO4 and 74.1-88.1% of UV254. For the experimental condition of 3 bar, the highest flux was achieved up to 39.919 L h-1.m-2.
Activated Carbon Production by Co-Pyrolysis of Vacuum Residue and Gum Rosin
Authors: Maulida Anisa , Supramono Dijan
Published: April 2020

Vacuum residue (VR) is potential to be used as a feedstock for mesophase pitch (MP) production because of its low cost and aromatic content. MP, which is a liquid-crystalline state of VR, may be used as precursor of activated carbon (AC). Gum rosin containing conjugated double bonds may be added to and can improve crystallinity and pore surface area in further processes of carbonisation and activation. In the present study, co-pyrolysis was carried out in a stirred tank reactor at 450°C with holding time for 120 minutes. The amount of gum rosin mixed with VR was varied 0, 5, 10 and 15% wt of VR. The precursor products had C/H mole ratio of about 2.43, 2.37, 2.28, and 2.01 by increasing gum rosin added. Subsequently, this precursor underwent carbonization at 700°C with holding time for 120 minutes under N2 flow and activation. KOH solution was used as activating agent to the precursor of activated carbon. Activated carbon gave higher surface area and lower C/H atom ratio with increasing gum rosin added during co-pyrolysis. With gum rosin addition, surface areas of ACs were 120.81, 194.56, 312.36, dan 462.19 m2/g, respectively, and crystallite sizes increased from 8 to 22 Å.
Synthesys and Characterization of PLA-CNC Matrix for Antidiabetic Drug Release Applications
Authors: Kanani Nufus , Meliana Yenny , Wardhono Endarto Yudho , Rahmayetty Rahmayetty , Agustina Sri , Pitaloka Alia Badra
Published: April 2020

Recently, drug nanoparticles formulation using Poly Lactic Acid-Cellulose nanocrystal (PLA-CNC) have been introduced. PLA-CNC were prepared by emulsion method for antidiabetic drug delivery applications. PLA is one of polymer which potentially used as raw material of drug delivery because it has the ability to bind and carry drugs into cell target, but the hydrophilic character of PLA can cause the degradation of PLA in the body run slowly, so it is necessary combining PLA with CNC to improve its property. In this study, special attention has been given to the modification of PLA-CNC as a drug delivery matrix to obtain the optimum drug release of antidiabetic drugs. In this study drug release analysis was conducted at 35-39 °C and pH range 3 to 9 with varied of time dissolution 0 to 180 min. PLA-CNC matrixs were characterized using FTIR and SEM, its drug loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug release behavior was determined by using UV spectrophotometer. It gave the initial burst release at the first hour at 37 °C pH 3.
Study of the Influence of Voltage Variation on the Surface Texturing of Ti-6Al-4V Using Electrolytic Plasma Technique for Orthopaedic Implant Applications
Authors: Supriadi Sugeng , Larasati Callista Fatima , Ilmaniar Nurul , Suharno Bambang
Published: April 2020

Osseointegration is a process consisting of the formation of bone tissue on the implant surface, so that the osseointegration process occurs, a surface with surface roughness (Ra) is required in isotropic microtopography with a size of 1-100 nm. The plasma treatment can be done to reach the Ra parameter. This study aims to discuss the treatment of Plasma Electrolytic Process (PEP) with the principle of physiochemical erosion using electrolytic cells on Ti-6Al-4V alloy implants, to form a plasma layer in the form of spark discharge and Vapour Gas Envelope (VGE). Samples made of Ti-6Al-4V are tested with several parameters including different electrolytes and different applied voltages are investigated, and the results of the formation of VGE which influences the surface characterization are evaluated. The results show that the process of PEP with electrolyte consist of 50% H3PO4 + 10% NaClO4 + 1% HF and 10% ethylene glycol + 2% NH4F at a voltage of 90-130 V produces VGE and non-homogeneous spark discharge resulting in a surface with microporous structures with increasing surface roughness and micro-hardness indicating the formation of an oxide layer.
The substance P and neurokinin-1 receptor system in human thyroid cancer: an immunohistochemical study
Authors: Isorna Inmaculada , Esteban Francisco , Solanellas Juan , Coveñas Rafael , Muñoz Miguel
Published: April 2020

To develop a new therapeutic strategy against thyroid cancer (TC), the expression of both substance P (SP) and neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) must be demonstrated in TC cells. This study aims to examine by immunohistochemistry, the localization of SP and the NK-1R in human TC samples (papillary, follicular, medullary, anaplastic), in metastasis and in healthy thyroid samples. SP and the NK-1R were expressed in all normal and TC samples. In healthy glands, SP was located in follicular cells (nucleus) and colloid and NK-1R in follicular cells (cytoplasm) and stroma. In TC samples, SP was visualized in follicular cells (nucleus and cytoplasm), stroma and colloid and NK-1R in follicular cells (cytoplasm), stroma and colloid. A semiquantitative scoring system (Allred Unit Scoring System) was applied. The expression (Allred total score) of SP and NK-1R was weaker in normal thyroid glands than in TC. In comparison with TC samples, a lower intensity/proportion of SP (nucleus and cytoplasm of follicular cells; stroma) was observed in normal samples. By contrast, in the colloid of TC samples the presence of SP was lower than in normal samples. In comparison with TC samples, the presence of the NK-1R in the cytoplasm of follicular cells and colloid was lower in normal thyroid samples, whereas the expression of this receptor in the stroma was higher. The results reported in this study suggest that the NK-1R could be a new target for the treatment of TC and use of the NK-1R antagonists could serve as a new anti-TC therapeutic strategy.
Patient-ventilator asynchrony in conventional ventilation modes during short-term mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Souza Leite Wagner , Novaes Alita , Bandeira Monique , Olympia Ribeiro Emanuelle , Dos Santos Alice Miranda , De Moura Pedro Henrique , Morais Caio César , Rattes Catarina , Richtrmoc Maria Karoline , Souza Juliana , Correia de Lima Gustavo Henrique , Pinheiro Modolo Norma Sueli , Gonçalves Antonio Christian Evangelista , Ramirez Gonzalez Carlos Alfredo , Do Amparo Andrade Maria , Dornelas De Andrade Armèle , Cunha Brandão Daniella , Lima Campos Shirley
Published: April 2020

Introduction and aim: Studies regarding asynchrony in patients in the cardiac postoperative period are still only a few. The main objective of our study was to compare asynchronies incidence and its index (AI) in 3 different modes of ventilation (volume-controlled ventilation [VCV], pressure-controlled ventilation [PCV] and pressure-support ventilation [PSV]) after ICU admission for postoperative care. Methods: A prospective parallel randomised trial in the setting of a non-profitable hospital in Brazil. The participants were patients scheduled for cardiac surgery. Patients were randomly allocated to VCV or PCV modes of ventilation and later both groups were transitioned to PSV mode. Results: All data were recorded for 5 minutes in each of the three different phases: T1) in assisted breath, T2) initial spontaneous breath and T3) final spontaneous breath, a marking point prior to extubation. Asynchronies were detected and counted by visual inspection method by two independent investigators. Reliability, inter-rater agreement of asynchronies, asynchronies incidence, total and specific asynchrony indexes (AIt and AIspecific) and odds of AI ≥10% weighted by total asynchrony were analysed. A total of 17 patients randomly allocated to the VCV (n= 9) or PCV (n=8) group completed the study. High inter-rated agreement for AIt (ICC 0.978; IC95%, 0,963-0.987) and good reliability (r=0.945; p<0.001) were found. Eighty-two % of patients presented asynchronies, although only 7% of their total breathing cycles were asynchronous. Early cycling and double triggering had the highest rates of asynchrony with no difference between groups. The highest odds of AI ≥10% were observed in VCV regardless the phase: OR 2.79 (1.36-5.73) in T1 vs T2, p=0.005; OR 2.61 (1.27-5.37) in T1 vs T3, p=0.009 and OR 4.99 (2.37-10.37) in T2 vs T3, p<0.001. Conclusions: There was a high incidence of breathing asynchrony in postoperative cardiac patients, especially when initially ventilated in VCV. VCV group had a higher chance of AI ≥10% and this chance remained high in the following PSV phases.
Los programas de infoentretenimiento como sustituto de los debates electorales: el caso de Miguel Ángel Revilla
Authors: Fontecoba Noelia , Fernández-Souto Ana Belén , Puentes-Rivera Iván
Published: April 2020

En la actualidad, el papel del líder político ha cobrado una nueva dimensión. La televisión y las redes sociales han hecho que, a través de la imagen, la atención se concrete en el candidato y no en ideas o programas. De esta forma, el líder lo es no sólo por sus cualidades intelectuales, sino también por su capacidad mediática. Con este nuevo panorama, donde se realiza una política más icónica y de espectáculo, la televisión ha incorporado en sus programas de infoentretenimiento la presencia de políticos con el fin de atraer el mayor número de audiencia posible. Como consecuencia, los ciudadanos opinan sobre los gestos, el tono o la vestimenta de los candidatos. Este contexto hace que las estrategias de comunicación cambien y que la comunicación no verbal sea uno de los aspectos más estudiados en los gabinetes de comunicación. Por este motivo, en este estudio trabajo se analiza la comunicación no verbal de Miguel Ángel Revilla en cuatro programas de infoentretenimiento.
A Combined VSM and Kaizen Approach for Sustainable Continuous Process Improvement
Authors: Zahoor Sadaf , Abdul-Kader Walid , Ijaz Hamza , Khan Atif , Saeed Zeeshan , Muzaffar Shoaib
Published: April 2020

The issues related to setup downtime, raw material waste, and the quality defects are inevitable in the flexographic printing business. To enable sustainable continuous process improvements within the printing process, lean manufacturing methodologies, such as Value Stream Mapping, (VSM), can be a competitive management approach. Therefore, this study explores how the systematic application of VSM in a flexographic printing process can foster further the process improvement when combined with other lean activities, such as, 5S, single minute exchange of die (SMED), and kaizen etc. To assess the contribution of this lean approach, the Overall Equipment Effectiveness, (OEE), and manufacturing costs are taken as performance metrics. The results demonstrate that when integrated with 5-why root cause analysis and kaizen, VSM improved OEE by 24.31% and reduced manufacturing costs from US$0.762 million to US$0.6 million. Hence, the significance of the proposed combined lean approach for continuous improvement is reached.
Policy Reforms in Nigerian Health Sector and the Potential for Poverty Reduction
Authors: Suleiman Ibrahim , Abubakar Sambo , Mohammed Hamza Shehu
Published: April 2020

This paper studies the policy reforms in the Nigerian health sector and potentiality of the sector towards poverty reduction in the country. The study investigates the contribution of health in the process of poverty reduction by various governments in Nigeria. The study employs secondary source as a methods of data collection. The study reveals that health sector reform involves more than just improvement in health or health care. It is a process motivated by the need to address fundamental deficiencies in health care systems that affect all health care services. Health sector reform in Nigeria is based on the poor health status of the population and the poor rating of the health system itself. The study reveals that Nigerian health status was ranked 187 out of 191 countries by WHO in 2000. The infant mortality rate, the under-five mortality rate and the maternal mortality ratio are some of the indicators that are often used to compare health status of populations. Nigeria’s figures on each of the three indicators are some of the worst in the world, even by the standard of developing countries. The health sector reform was one of the social sector reforms undertaken by the Obasanjo administration, with the National Economic Empowerment Development Strategy (NEEDS) providing the overall national development framework. The NEEDS, itself, has four major goals: wealth creation, poverty reduction, employment generation and value re-orientation. Consequently, the study look at the contribution of the health sector reform towards reduction of poverty in Nigeria.
The Role of Women towards Political Participation in Nigeria
Authors: Suleiman Ibrahim
Published: April 2020

This study investigates the factors that limit women’s participation in Nigeria’s politics using case study period between 1999 and 2015, among these factors are socioeconomic development, the country’s cultural heritage, historical legacies and institutional designs. The study employs secondary source as a method ofdata collection. The study reveals that the patriarchal system and male domination of the society, which relegates women to subordinate role, has created women’s inferiority complex and alienated them from the mainstream politics in Nigeria. The Nigerian political culture of thuggery and gangsterism has   made the political terrain too dangerous for most women to venture into mainstream politics. Besides, the stigmatization of women politicians by fellow women discourages the political participation of the former while religious beliefs and institutional arrangements that restrict women to family responsibilities in the country coupled with lack of genuine and decisive affirmative action to encourage women’s political participation, have created a legacy that limit women’s political participation in the country as a whole. Consequently, the study emphasizes the need to address those factors that entrench women subordination in Nigeria’s politics. These include, among others, the reformation of all religious, statutory and customary laws and practices that perpetuate women’s subordination in the country and the explicit specifications and modalities of affirmative actions on women’s political participation and clear guidelines for implementations in the Nigeria constitution.
The Role of Contemporary Islamic Movement towards Social and Political Changes of Modernity
Authors: Suleiman Ibrahim
Published: April 2020

This paper studies the role of contemporary Islamic movements towards social and political changes of the 21st century. Contemporary Islamic movements is a modern phenomenon; it is rooted in the historically and spatially recurring cyclical phenomena of "reform" (Islah) and "renewal" (Tajdid) which provide the models and symbols that link modernity to authentic elements of Islamic teachings. The study employs secondary source as a method of data collection. Based on these past rejuvenations, contemporary Islamic scholars are interacts with modern cultural, social, political and religious circumstances. While emphasizing the Unitarian and Universalistic character of Islam, it is also coloured by local variations. Some observers see Islamic movement as part of a trend in contemporary Islam toward a more orthodox and doctrinally homogeneous type of religion based on the sacred source-texts. This trend views local expressions of Islam as deviations from orthodoxy and seeks to suppress them. Modern means of communication have accelerated this process by opening up the periphery to the penetration of the centralizing forces. In this view, Islamic movement is more radical wing of the wider movement which also includes madrasah based traditional groups and Sufi type reform movements.
Poverty and Income Inequality in Nigeria: An Illustration of Lorenz Curve from NBS Survey
Authors: Lucky Lucky Anyike , Sam Achebelema Damiebi
Published: April 2020

This study adopted the Nigerian Bureau of Statistics survey to examine poverty and income inequality in Nigeria. The objective was to examine the rate of poverty and income distribution in Nigeria using the Lorenz curve and Gain coefficient. Food poverty line, absolute poverty line, subjective poverty measure and dollar per day poverty line were used to measure poverty while Gani coefficient was used to measure income inequality. Findings reveal that significant proportions of Nigerian population are living below the poverty line adopted in this study. The study also found that there is wide gap between the rich and the poor in Nigeria. The study recommend implementable polices to reduce poverty and reduce income inequality in Nigeria.
Involvement of Women in Handloom Segment: An Empirical Study With Reference To Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Rao D.Srinivasa , Sreedhar N. , Kumar B. Ravi
Published: April 2020

The handloom is a traditional craft work of India and it provides employment opportunities to lakhs of people in the rural and urban areas of our country. In the world   women constitutes approximately 50% of the total population but society is still male dominated one.  In India women contributed substantially to the economic growth of the country.The relationship between gender and the economy has considerable importance in Indian society. In general attitude of the people women are second grade citizens and they are makers of food, pickles, papads, masalas etc,. But their role is very important in every economic activity, either it is household work or cultivation or industry or service sector etc,. Like the other sectors the role of women weavers is very much important in handloom sector. Handloom sector is unique in India. The handloom   weaving is household profession, followed by generations. In these households, women play an important role. Handloom sector is the only manufacturing sector in which women producing for women.
Testing the Validity of the Solow Growth Model: Empirical Evidence from Cross-Country Panel Data
Authors: Nkalu Chigozie Nelson , Edeme Richardson Kojo , Chukwuma Queen O.
Published: April 2020

This study seeks to test for the validity of the Solow growth model using cross-country panel data. Panel OLS analysis was adopted following an extensive review of recent and related literature with output-side of the real GDP as the dependent variable with other variables like population, capital stock and employment as the independent. However, population and capital stock are positively impacting the output with statistically significant value, while employment is not an important variable in the model even though it exhibits a negative and statistically significant effect to the output. In conclusion, the estimation result conforms the postulations of the basic Solow and augmented Solow growth model thereby validating the Solow model across-countries.
Financial Structure and Economic Growth: The Nigerian Experience, 1980-2017
Authors: Nkoro Emeka , Uko Aham Kelvin
Published: April 2020

This study investigated the role of financial structure in explaining economic growth dynamics in Nigeria using annual time series from 1981-2017. The study employed the vector error correction model (VECM) in the analysis of the data. As lead up to financial structure and economic growth relationship analysis, the competing theoretical views of bank and market based financial system and economic growth were explored. The result of the study showed that economic growth, financial development variables and the underlying control variables are cointegrated. The result of the economic growth effect of financial development showed that stock market and bank-based have a significant effect on growth. This implies that both bank-based and market-based matter in explaining economic growth dynamics.  On the relationship between financial structure and economic growth, the study revealed that economic growth, financial structure and the underlying control variables have a long run relationship. The study also revealed that financial structure which captures the combination of stock market-based and bank-based has a positive significant effect on growth. A significant coefficient of financial structure implies that financial structure matters in explaining growth. Therefore, the study posits that the overall financial structure is the most useful way to assess the financial systems since both bank and stock market system matter in explaining economic growth as against bank-based versus market-based debate. Based on the empirical evidence, the study therefore recommends that there should be continuous holistic reforms of both banking and stock market simultaneously, as the development in one sector has a neglect effect on the other.
Nigeria and West Africa’s Silk Road: The New Crescent Economy
Authors: Gamawa Yusuf Ibrahim
Published: April 2020

The ancient city of Kano that is now located in north western Nigeria was an important player in the Trans-Saharan trade that flourished before the advent of the Europeans. The Trans- Sahara trade also predates the Danfodio Jihad that established the Caliphate system across northern Nigeria. The trade was seen to have involved many of the Sahel states in present times, but most importantly cities that distinguished themselves in the production of various commodities like Timbuktu, Gao, Djenne and Sijilmasa in Morocco. Since the demise of such trade, many cities that have hitherto been part of it, have lost relevance in the economic affairs and have been struggling to create new economies and have not been able to do so in modern times. Kano had been the economic base of northern Nigeria and its economy had supported the entire north of Nigeria as a result of the Trans-Sahara trade. Kano became known for trade across the Sahel and the Sahara for its textile and other services that include dyeing of clothing that were sent to as far as Morocco. The paper takes a look at the ancient Sahel economy and Kano’s involvement and insists that for the economy of Northern Nigeria and that of Kano to be revamped, a new strategy will have to be developed. This strategy will look at reviving the ancient trade links that existed before and make for the construction of infrastructure, industries and necessary tourism potentials available. And that it is only by doing so that Kano as city will take its proper place among cities like Timbuktu and Gao, and impact on the economy of Northern Nigeria and by extension the Nigerian nation.
Cyclization of Multi Components Reactions and (Preparation, Investigation, Thermal Curves)
Authors: Aljamali Nagham Mahmood , Abd Allattif Nour Abd Alrazzak , Abdalrahman Sabreen Ali
Published: April 2020

Many  cyclic  compounds were  formatted  via  multi  components  reactions and cyclization  reaction  through  many  steps  with ( various   conditions , various  starting  materials , various  components ), in  first  step , aromatic amine derivative  were  reacted  with  ammonium thiocyanate  in cyclization  reaction   to  yield  2-aminobenzothiazole derivative , which  reacted  with  formaldehyde  and  benzaldehyde  as  a multi components   reaction ., then  the  resulting  compounds  cyclized  with ( semicarbazide , ortho-phenyl diamine , ortho-thiol aniline , ortho- amino phenol ). Investigation  of  compounds   carried out   through  many  techniques ( FT.IR , H.NMR , Mass ) – Spectra  , Thermal  studies
Significance of Road Infrastructure on Economic Sustainability
Authors: Ben Sidiq Okwudili
Published: April 2020

This study buttressed on the theories explaining the significance of road infrastructure on economic sustainability. Road infrastructure is essential for banishing hunger, alleviating poverty, and improving the quality of human life. Road transport is a means of transport that offers door-to-door transport which is suitable for the delivery of finished goods to consumers. Road infrastructure has the potentials of transforming subsistence farming into a commercial and dynamic farming system which unlock the potentials embedded in rural areas. Understanding the conditions in which more or new road infrastructure does indeed foster economic growth is crucial for efficient management of road infrastructural project. Neoclassical growth theory, endogenous growth theory, growth pole, and growth centre theory were discussed. This paper concludes that public investment should not be constrained by accounting methods that impede a focus on economic returns, and road pricing strategy should be adopted in Nigeria because of its benefits of spreading demand for road transport, minimizing congestion and overcrowding, improving reliability and delivering benefits to the wider economy.
Delimitation of Maritime Boundary with India and Bangladesh’s Rights over the Sea
Authors: Mostofa Md. , Al-Amin Dewan Md. , Bint-E-Basar Kaniz Tania
Published: April 2020

Bangladesh and India sea boundary talks started in 1974, renewed in 1978 and in 1982. At last, the Hauge-based Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) gave verdict on July 07, 2014 on maritime disputes between India and Bangladesh. In a landmark judgment, the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) awarded Bangladesh an area of 19,467 sq km, four-fifth of the total area of 25,602 sq km disputed maritime boundary in the Bay of Bengal with India. Now, Bangladesh’s maritime boundary has been extended by 118,813 sq km comprising 12 nm of Territorial Sea and an EEZ extending up to 200 nm into the high sea. In addition, the ruling acknowledged Bangladesh’s sovereign rights of undersea resources in the continental shelf extending as far as 345 nm in the high sea, taking Chittagong coast as the baseline. Now, Bangladesh can go ahead with their plans of search and extraction of energy and mineral resources and exploitation of fisheries within 200 nm from the baseline. The study tries to identify the various rights of Bangladesh over various maritime zones such as Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, Exclusive Economic Zone and Continental Shelf on the basis of the Bangladesh v India case (2014).
A Comparative Study of Pecola and Gyanoda: Sex, Violence and Beauty in the Bluest Eye and Arakshaniya
Authors: Sarkar Sajal , Jahan Moshref
Published: April 2020

Saratchandra Chattopadhyay (1876-1938) in Arakshaniya (1916) has pictured Gyanoda, a socially abandoned and oppressed Bengali Hindu girl of 12/13 expected to be married off. Unable to endure the sexual violence and cruelties thrown upon her, Pecola in The Bluest Eye (1970) by Toni Morrison (b. 1931) looses her sanity. The colonial- society-constructed idea of beauty, the hurling insults of her schoolmates and neighbors, the perverted assurance of achieving beauty from the pedophile Soaphead Church and above all the sexual violence that she receives from her father leaves her in a dark world. Apart from her friends, she receives sympathy only from socially unaccepted ‘ruined’ women. Unlike Pecola, Gyanoda was restored to the world of love and affection primarily by her mother, younger aunt and then by Atul, her assumed love. Gyanoda, though rejected and humiliated by the family and the society, was not a total rejection as Pecola was. She managed to live on though not in a respected manner. This paper looks into Pecola’s psychic procedural patterns to show how she becomes an object of perversion and violence, which along with the established idea of beauty takes her to the verge of insanity. A comparative study has been done between Pecola and Gyanoda, two characters from two entirely different ethnicities and cultures. However, surprisingly both the characters encounter social hostility for their common characteristic “ugliness.” The very presumption of beauty, violence, and sex lead these young girls to the different worlds of their own. Black and female identities occupy very real political spaces of diaspora, dispossession and resistance. What is complicated is the simultaneity of suffering and power, marginalization and threat, submission and narcissism, which accre to Black and women’s bodies and their representation in racist cultures.--from “Feminism and the Colonial Body” by Kadiatu Kanneth.
Dreaming a Better World through Literature: Positive Psychology in the Select Short Stories of Humayun Ahmed
Authors: Kabir K. M. Wazed , Mondol Md. Shamim
Published: April 2020

Humayun Ahmed has been instrumental in guiding readership in Bangladesh with his profuse literary works for over forty years. He enjoyed in his life time and is still enjoying after death consistently unchallenged highest popularity. His acceptance among the readers specially the youth is due to his deeper understanding of the socio-cultural situations of post-independent Bangladesh and psyche of the people in general specifically the town dwelling middle class. His major focus in his writings is to bring out the lighter and brighter part to make life worth of living in every situation irrespective of its gravity. Both his novels and short stories stimulate a happier mood and purer mind through bringing out the positive aspects of life. This widely recognized area of Humayun goes well with the youngest branch of psychological studies, positive psychology. This paper is an attempt to study Humayun Ahmed's select short stories from the view point of positive psychology.
Public Debt Spiral in Nigeria: Can a Structural Gap Result From Pervasive Corruption?
Authors: Fagbemi Fisayo , Olatunde Olufemi Solomon
Published: April 2020

It is increasingly recognized that good understanding on the corruption-related causes and remedies of the modern fiscal crisis would bolster informed decisions and key governance standards. Many of the governance weaknesses have been exacerbated by ingrained fiscal indiscipline and lack of effective bureaucratic provisions.  These concerns necessitate ongoing research efforts aimed at galvanizing the best compilation of perspectives on the role of public institutions in debt accumulation process. Hence, this study examines the long run and short run effect of corruption on public debt in Nigeria over the period of 1996 to 2017 using ARDL bound test to cointegration analysis. Empirical evidence reveals that both corruption index and control of corruption have an insignificant adverse effect on public debt in the long run, but with a significant influence in the short run. Considering the long-term implication, current anti-corruption efforts might be ineffective in enhancing strategic monitoring and sustainable fiscal standards. Nonetheless, it is emphasized that effective corruption control measures could mitigate spiralling incidence of government debt. Further findings indicate that there exists bi-directional causality between corruption index and public debt, whereas none is found between control of corruption and public debt. The study suggests that strong corruption-based control mechanisms are fundamentals to decreasing fiscal deficits and debt reduction. Overall, a significant insight distills from the study is that the goal of attaining global financial stability and fiscal sustainability through sound regulatory framework has embodied the provisions that enhance corruption-reducing measures and institutional standards to curb persistent debt accumulation.
The Practice of School-Based Management in Ondo State Public Secondary Schools: Implication of School Location
Authors: Morenike Olaseni Vivian
Published: April 2020

The practice of School-Based Management (SBM) has been widely liked to variety of wide positives in schools and increasingly acceptable in major developed and developing nations, however, the disposition and acceptance of the SMB policy remained unclear in Ondo State, Nigeria. In Nigeria, there is paucity of literature addressing the role of school location in the practice of SBM policy. This study, therefore examined the practicality of SBM in public secondary schools in Ondo State and the implication of school location. Descriptive survey design was adopted by the study. Key players from sixty (60) public secondary schools in Ondo State participated in the current study using purposive sampling techniques. In determine the efficiencies and effectiveness of School-Based Management Committees, participant were opened to Effective School-Based Management Index (E-SBM-INDEX). The instrument reported a strong overall Cronbach alpha of 0.97, while the subscales factors entails, power decentralization (α =.92); facilities obligation (α =.73); monitoring and evaluation (α =.65); recruitment and retrenchment (α =.85); and financial obligation (α =.71). Information on socio-demographic factors and geographical location of schools were also obtained from the participants. Descriptive analysis and T-Test of independent sample were used to analyze data and accepted at P < 0.05. Respondents’ mean age was 49.5±11.5 years. It was revealed that 35% of the public schools engaged practice effective SBM in Ondo State, while 65% of public schools engaged were practicing ineffective SBM. Furthermore, It was revealed that there was significant difference in the practice of SBM in rural and urban public secondary schools in Ondo State (T (58) = 26.60; P < 0.01), such that, public secondary schools located in the rural area ( = 75.20, SD = 1.80) practice effective SBM’s policy than counterparts located in the urban area ( = 34.97, SD = 02.67). Majorly the practice of SBM in public secondary school remained ineffective in Ondo State. The practice of SBM in rural and urban public secondary schools in Ondo State is significantly different. Public secondary schools located in the rural area of Ondo State practice effectively SBM’s policy than public secondary schools located in the urban area of Ondo State. It is recommended that the government should be pro-active in creating an enabling environment in terms of policy upon which SBM can be practice effectively and efficiently.