bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Бесшовный балансно-характеристический метод решения задач взаимодействия жидкости и газа с деформируемыми объектами
Authors: Головизнин Василий Михайлович , Goloviznin Vasilii Mikhailovich , Афанасьев Никита Александрович , Afanasiev Nikita Aleksandrovich
Published: September 2021

Построен новый балансно-характеристический метод решения задач взаимодействия потоков жидкости и газа с деформируемыми объектами. Предложенный метод является представителем семейства так называемых монолитных (или бесшовных) методов, в которых и газ, и деформация объектов рассчитываются с помощью единой численной схемы, позволяющей естественным образом моделировать границу раздела между газом и телами. Полученный метод является явным, легко масштабируемым, и использует лагранжевы координаты для моделирования деформации тел и смешанные эйлерово-лагранжевые -- для моделирования течения газа. Ключевой особенностью метода является обратимый по времени алгоритм передвижения расчетной сетки, что позволяет избавиться от численной диссипации схемы. Метод тестируется на ряде одномерных и двумерных задач: переходе акустических колебаний из газа в упругую среду, воздушном ударе об упругое тело, генерации сферических акустических волн колеблющейся балкой.
Численное моделирование звукового давления для системы калибровки измерительных микрофонов типа LS
Authors: Головин Дмитрий Витальевич , Golovin Dmitrii Vital`evich
Published: September 2021

Представлены результаты по моделированию звукового давления в системе калибровки измерительных микрофонов типа LS, основанной на методе взаимности, с использованием квазигазодинамического (КГД) подхода в диапазоне частот от $1$ Гц до $10$ кГц. Численный метод на основе КГД уравнений для сжимаемого вязкого теплопроводного газа построен с использованием явной схемы, метода конечных разностей для равномерной сетки с аппроксимацией пространственных производных через центральные разности и с применением метода фиктивных узлов для аппроксимации граничных условий. Особенностью вычислительной задачи в исследованном диапазоне частот являются числа Маха от $7.3\cdot10^{-10}$ до $7.3\cdot10^{-6}$. Хорошее совпадение результатов моделирования с известным аналитическим решением свидетельствует в пользу применимости КГД подхода для моделирования течений газа с предельно малыми числами Маха и задач акустики в частности.
Вычислительный комплекс для моделирования морских течений с применением регуляризованных уравнений мелкой воды
Authors: Иванов Александр Владимирович , Ivanov Aleksandr Vladimirovich
Published: September 2021

Представлен вычислительный комплекс для моделирования морских течений, в основе которого лежит гидродинамическая модель, базирующаяся на системе регуляризованных уравнений мелкой воды. Приведена система регуляризованных уравнений и кратко описана методика еe решения, в том числе алгоритм расчета сухих областей. Проведен тест эффективности распараллеливания программного кода на высокопроизводительной вычислительной системе. Получена кривая ускорения. Представлена структура программы и еe взаимодействие с внешними модулями. Проведены тестовые расчеты приливных колебаний северных морей. Расчетная область охватывает Белое море, Печорское море, части Баренцева и Карского морей, а также пролив Карские Ворота. Полученные результаты хорошо описывают приливно-отливные явления в исследуемой области.
The Effectiveness of Using Crossword Puzzles Media on Mufradat Learning Materials in Arabic Lessons at Islamic Junior High School (MTS West Sumba)
Authors: Hamzah Hamzah
Published: September 2021

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of crossword puzzles media on mufradat or vocabulary material in Arabic subjects at MTS Negeri [state Islamic junior high school] West Sumba in 2019. The research method used in this study was descriptive quantitative. In this study, the population was MTS N West Sumba students in 2019, while the sampling was 30 MTS N West Sumba students, consisting of ten seventh-grade students, ten eighth-grade students, and ten ninth-grade students. The data in this study were collected through observation and questionnaires. The use of crossword puzzles in mufradat learning materials in Arabic subjects at MTS N West Barat in 2019 had been carried out in a very effective category, with a success percentage of 97.24%.
Portrait of Online Learning during the Covid-19 Pandemic (a Case Study on Solo Raya Vocational Teacher)
Authors: Siswandari Siswandari , Sumaryati Sri , Susilaningsih Susilaningsih , Susanti Asri Diah , Hamidi Nurhasan , Muchsini Binti , Muhtar Muhtar
Published: September 2021

This study aims to identify the implementation of online learning conducted by teachers to provide the best service to students. This can be seen from health, fitness, spirit, duration of services related to education, applications used, signal conditions, teacher readiness in providing services outside the provisions of working hours, available learning facilities, and several other online learning activities Covid-19 pandemic. This study involved 254 vocational school teachers in Solo Raya. Quantitative data is netted through questionnaires that are disseminated using Google Form facilities. Meanwhile, we obtained qualitative information from interviews designed using WhatsApp and telephone facilities. The results showed that 52.2% of teachers admitted to agreeing not to have any health complaints. Teachers are always fit for online learning, with 58.9% agreeing. Teachers were always excited when they were online, with 68.4% answering agreed. The implementation of online learning requires more service time. 64.9% of teachers provide services about 14 hours per day. 64.1% of teachers agreed that they are ready to provide online services to students outside the working hours. Teachers have RPP as a sign of online learning, with 68.8% of teachers agreeing
The Influence of Leadership, Communication and Work Discipline on Employee Performance at UMKM Bumbu Machmudah Sidoarjo
Authors: Mashudi Mashudi
Published: September 2021

In this study aims to determine the effect of leadership, communication and work disicpline in simultan and partial to employee performannce UMKM Bumbu Machmudah, and to determined the effect of the most significant among leadhership, communication and work disicpline on employee performannce UMKM Bumbu Machmudah Sidoarjo. The result of this study took a sample of 150 employees with technique jenuh sampling and non probability sampling in UMKM Bumbu Machmudah Sidoarjo. Moreover, this study is conducted using a quantitave method, survey, explanatory reserch As well as using analysis multiple linear with SPSS version 17 for Windows.

The result of this study based on Simultaneous test shows that communication and disicpline affect the employee performannce simultaneously, and partial test shows that leadership, communication and work disicpline and affect the employee performannce in UMKM Bumbu Machmudah Sidoarjo. Work disicpline show the most significant effect toward the employee performannce because it has the significance of the smallest compared with the other independent variables.
Backward erosion progression rates from small-scale flume tests
Authors: Montalvo-Bartolomei Axel , Robbins Bryant , López-Soto Jamie
Published: September 2021

Backward erosion piping (BEP) is an internal erosion mechanism by which erosion channels progress upstream, typically through cohesionless or highly erodible foundation materials of dams and levees. As one of the primary causes of embankment failures, usually during high pool events, the probability of BEP-induced failure is commonly evaluated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for existing dams and levees. In current practice, BEP failure probability is quantitatively assessed assuming steady state conditions with qualitative adjustments for temporal aspects of the process. In cases with short-term hydraulic loads, the progression rate of the erosion pipe may control the failure probability such that more quantitative treatment of the temporal development of erosion is necessary to arrive at meaningful probabilities of failure. This report builds upon the current state of the practice by investigating BEP progression rates through a series of laboratory experiments. BEP progression rates were measured for nine uniform sands in a series of 55 small-scale flume tests. Results indicate that the pipe progression rates are proportional to the seepage velocity and can be predicted using equations recently proposed in the literature.
The use of micro-costing in an economic analysis of allogeneic HSCT in Brazil
Authors: Vargas Dora , David Caroline , Horvath Jaqueline , Silva Tatiana , Pereira Mariana , Rigoni Lisandra , Sartor Ivaine , Zavaglia Gabriela , Kern Luciane , Luft Thainá , Tolves Fernanda , Scherer Fernanda , Pereira Jaina , Barrionuevo Fabiano , Etges Ana Paula , Zanotto Bruna , Daudt Liane , Cruz Luciane , Polanczyk Carisi , Astigarraga Claudia
Published: September 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate treatment costs of Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) at a reference center in Brazil. Methods: The study population consisted of patients from the Unified Health System HSCT who underwent HSCT in southern Brazil between 2016 and 2019. Costs were measured using a micro-costing approach, based on Time-Driven Activity-based Costing (TDABC) adapted for economic studies in health and included the following steps: definition of the research question, structured data collection, and statistical analysis of results. Results: The total cost of HSCT was $155,110 ($92,794 – $249,146 USD). Matched unrelated donor HSCT was more expensive than matched related donor HSCT. The major cost factors involve post-transplant complications, mainly the occurrence of infections. Concerning cost composition, exams and procedures represent the largest expense in HSCT (45%). Conclusion: These estimates could be applicable to further evaluations for HSCT cost-effectiveness and help healthcare decision-makers in middle-income countries.
Linha de cuidados no tratamento da asma: informações úteis para o gestor
Authors: Santos Marcos , Rubini Norma , Reis Neto João Paulo , Busch Juliana , Ferro Júlio , Balzan Márcio , Matar Zuleid , Crespo Guilherme , Follador Wilson
Published: September 2021

Realizou-se, no dia 29 de agosto de 2020, um encontro virtual com gestores, representantes de associações de pacientes e médicos prescritores envolvidos no tratamento da asma, com o objetivo de discutir a necessidade e a viabilidade da incorporação de novas tecnologias para o tratamento dessa patologia. A asma é uma enfermidade caracterizada pela inflamação crônica das vias aéreas. É a principal causa de absenteísmo escolar e laboral e estima-se que seja responsável por até cinco mortes diárias em nosso país. Em pesquisa efetuada em operadora de autogestão, com vidas espalhadas por todo o país, observou-se que essa patologia (associada à doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica – DPOC) acomete quase 7% dos seus segurados e que a utilização do plano foi, nesse grupo, 1,9x maior para consultas, 1,6x maior para exames, 2,5x maior para terapias e 2,9x maior para internações, resultando em um aumento de 25,5% nos gastos assistenciais. Observou-se que é de elevada importância que o gestor tenha um profundo conhecimento de sua carteira e que priorize toda a linha de cuidado do paciente. Dessa maneira, atuando diretamente no controle da severidade da patologia, terão os melhores resultados de qualidade de vida e restringirão os doentes que necessitarão de medicações mais modernas e, também, mais caras, com resultado óbvio no controle de custos. A asma ainda não tem, em geral, para os gestores de operadoras de saúde privadas, no Brasil, uma importância tão grande na sinistralidade das suas carteiras. Os novos imunobiológicos são úteis e efetivos e alguma contrapartida por parte do fabricante, como, por exemplo, o compartilhamento de riscos, pode ser necessária para uma incorporação desse arsenal no Rol de produtos que serão disponibilizados para os pacientes que deles necessitarem.
A High-Pressure Thermal Aureole of the Bayan-Kol Gabbro–Monzodiorite Intrusion (Western Sangilen, Southeastern Tuva): Evidence for Lower-Crust Mafic Magma Chambers
Authors: Selyatitskii A.Yu. , Polyansky O.P. , Shelepaev R.A.
Published: September 2021

—Thermal metamorphism produced an aureole near the early Paleozoic Bayan-Kol gabbro–monzodiorite intrusion in the Erzin shear zone of western Sangilen (Tuva–Mongolia microcontinent, Central Asian Orogenic Belt). Field observation of intrusive contact, structure–textural and mineral transformations of metamorphic rocks, regular changes in the chemical composition of minerals with approaching the intrusive contact, and high temperature gradient from intrusive to wallrocks verified the occurrence of a contact aureole near the Bayan-Kol intrusion. The high-gradient thermal metamorphism (M2) affected garnet–staurolite–kyanite schists that formed during earlier regional metamorphism (M1) at 6.2–7.9 kbar and 600–670 ºC. The 0.5 km wide M2 metamorphic aureole mapped along the northwestern intrusion margin consists of a muscovite–sillimanite zone adjacent to the sedimentary country rocks and a cordierite–K-feldspar zone on the side of the intrusion. The M2 metamorphic reactions occurred within the granulite facies temperature range 880–910 ºC along the contact with monzodiorites and at ~950 ºC along the boundary with gabbronorites; the temperature on the aureole periphery was about 640 ºC. Pressure estimates indicate deep-seated high-grade metamorphism at 6.9–7.8 kbar, while the intrusion itself crystallized at 7.7–7.8 kbar. The suggested numerical model implying the formation of a thermal aureole at a depth of 26 km (7 kbar) in the lower crust is consistent with the temperature pattern determined by geothermobarometry for several key points of the metamorphic zoning and confirms its deep-level origin. Thus, the aureole near the Bayan-Kol intrusion represents a rare case of contact metamorphism in the lower continental crust. The obtained results, along with published petrological and geochronological evidence, reveal two depth levels of the early Paleozoic M2 metamorphism in the Sangilen area: upper (7–15 km, 2–4 kbar) and lower (26–30 km, 7–8 kbar) crust. The Bayan-Kol gabbro–monzodiorite intrusion is likely a small apophysis or a fragment of a deep-crust intermediate magma chamber, while the moderate-pressure (7–8 kbar) M2 granulites in the Erzin shear zone are products of high-gradient metamorphism related to the Cambrian–Ordovician collisional mafic magmatism in the Sangilen area.
Efficacy Comparison and Safety Analysis of Radical Resection of Sigmoid Colon Cancer Based on Different Cancer Locations
Authors: Chen Li , Chen Engeng , Jin Dongai , Chen Min , Zhou Wei , song zhangfa
Published: September 2021

Background: Sigmoid colon cancer is a common type of colon cancer; it refers to tumor lesions occurring in the segment approximately 16 cm to 50 cm from the anal margin. Currently, surgical resection is the most effective treatment for non-metastatic sigmoid colon cancer. Therefore, to more accurately standardize colon cancer surgery, we classified the sigmoid colon into distal and proximal segments. This study compares and analyzes the intraoperative situation, postoperative pathology and safety of radical resection of sigmoid cancer in different locations from different aspects. Result: The patients with sigmoid colon tumor can be divided into distal group (16-30cm from the anus) and proximal group (31-50cm from the anus) according to the distance between the tumor and the anal margin. Conclusion: The patients in the distal group using stapler for intestinal anastomosis and anal decompression tube were significantly more than those in the proximal group. For the ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery, high ligation was usually used or the left colic artery was usually preserved in the distal group, and the superior rectal artery was usually retained in the proximal group. The incidence of postoperative complications in the distal group was higher than that in the proximal group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups.
Highly Reliable Memory Operation of High Density Three-Terminal Thyristor Random Access Memory
Authors: Kim Hyangwoo , Cho Hyeonsu , Kwak Hyeon-Tak , Seo Myunghae , Lee Seungho , Kong Byoung Don , Baek Chang-Ki
Published: September 2021

Three-terminal (3-T) thyristor random-access memory is explored for a next generation high-density nanoscale vertical cross-point array. The effects of standby voltages on the device are thoroughly investigated in terms of gate-cathode voltage (VGC,ST) and anode- cathode voltage (VAC,ST) in the standby state for superior data retention characteristics and low-power operation. The device with the optimized VGC,ST of -0.4 V and VAC,ST of 0.6 V shows the continuous data retention capability without refresh operation with a low standby current of 1.14 pA. In addition, a memory array operation scheme of 3-T TRAM is proposed to address array disturbance issues. The presented array operation scheme can efficiently minimize program, erase and read disturbances on unselected cells by adjusting gate-cathode voltage. The standby voltage turns out to be beneficial to improve retention characteristics: over 10 s. With the proposed memory array operation, 3-T TRAM can provide excellent data retention characteristics and high-density memory configurations comparable with or surpass conventional dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) technology.
Programmable Polymorphism of a Virus-Like Particle
Authors: Biela Artur , Naskalska Antonina , Fatehi Farzad , Twarock Reidun , Heddle Jonathan
Published: September 2021

Virus-like particles (VLPs) have significant potential as both artificial vaccines and drug delivery systems. The ability to control their size has wide ranging utility, but achieving such controlled polymorphism using a single protein subunit is challenging as it requires altering VLP geometry. Here we achieve size control of MS2 bacteriophage VLPs via insertion of amino acid sequences in an external loop to shift its morphology to significantly larger forms. The resulting VLP size and geometry is controlled by altering the length and type of the insert used. Cryo-EM structures of the new VLPs, in combination with a kinetic model of their assembly, show that the abundance of wild type (T=3), T=4, D3 and D5 symmetrical VLPs can be controlled in this way. We propose a mechanism whereby the insert leads to a change in the dynamic behavior of the capsid protein dimer, affecting the interconversion between the symmetric and asymmetric conformers and thus determining VLP size and morphology.
An Access Selection Algorithm for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks Based on Uncertain Network Attribute Values
Authors: Guo Xiaoxue , Omar Mohd. Hasbullah , Zaini Khuzairi Mohd , Gong Jianfeng , Fang Jingcheng , Liang Gen
Published: September 2021

A heterogeneous wireless network (HWN) environment contains many kinds of wireless networks, such as UMTS, LTE, and WLAN, where users move around within their coverage area. How to ensure mobile users select the most suitable network is a hot research topic for HWNs. While traditional access selection algorithms assume that mobile users can obtain accurate network attribute values, the network attribute values obtained by mobile users are often uncertain due to the mobility of users, the interference of wireless signals, and the fluctuation of the network state. To solve this problem, this paper designs an access selection algorithm for HWNs in the context of inaccurate network attribute values. First, the algorithm calculates the network attribute values based on the hesitant fuzzy theory, then calculates the weights of network attributes using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), and finally sorts the candidate networks using the hesitant fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method. The simulation results show the proposed algorithm enables users to select the most suitable network to access under the inaccurate network attribute environment and obtain higher gains.
Mechanism of Youguiyin In The Treatment of Osteoporosis Based On Network Pharmacology And Molecular Docking
Authors: Pan Yi , Zhao Wanlu , Qin Luping , Zhang Lu
Published: September 2021

Background: Youguiyin (YGY) has been confirmed to treat osteoporosis (OP) in clinical trials, but its specific pharmacological mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the material basis and potential mechanism of YGY in the treatment of OP based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.Methods: Databases including TCMSP, SwissTargetPrediction database, OMIM, and TTD were used to predict the effective ingredients and relevant targets of YGY in the treatment of OP. The STRING database was used to reveal the relationship between each intersection target protein. Metascape database was used to perform GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on the intersection targets. Cytoscape 3.6.0 software was used to show the complex network relationship of YGY in the treatment of OP. According to the results of network characteristics analysis, the core effective ingredients and the core targets were screened out. Autodock 4.0 was used for molecular docking and Pymol was used to visualize the docking results.Results: 290 effective ingredients, 1127 targets of the effective ingredients, 273 relevant targets of OP and 17 intersection targets were screened out in total by searching literature and databases. Intersection targets could affect biological processes including regulation of inflammatory response, ossification, negative regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing, positive regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process and regulation of hormone levels by regulating signal pathways including TNF signaling pathway, osteoclast differentiation, apoptosis, MAPK signaling pathway and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Through screening, 14 core effective ingredients and 6 core targets were confirmed. The results of molecular docking showed that most of the core effective ingredients including α-humulene, cinnamaldehyde, denudatine, benzoylhypaconine and quercetin had good binding activity with the core targets including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6.Conclusion: Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking, the critical effective ingredients, key targets, important signal pathways and main biological processes of YGY in the treatment of OP were successfully screened out. This study revealed the material basis and the mechanism of YGY in the treatment of OP and provided a theoretical basis for follow-up experimental research and clinical application of YGY.
Benefit-Risk Assessment of Fish And Shrimp Consumption From A Large Eutrophic Freshwater Lake, Southeastern China
Authors: Fang Ting , Liang Yangyang , Yang Kun , Zhao Xiuxia , Gao Na , Li Jing , Lu Wenxuan , Cui Kai , Li Hui
Published: September 2021

Obtaining beneficial nutrients meanwhile ingesting hazardous contaminants through freshwater fish consumption remains a concern for inland residents in China. In this study, contents of fatty acids, essential trace elements (Fe, I, Zn, Se, Cu, Mo, Cr) and non-essential trace elements (As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb) were quantified in nine fish and two shrimp species from large eutrophic Chaohu Lake, southeastern China. Benefit-risk assessment for fish and shrimp consumption was conducted on basis of nutrients and contaminants. Total fat acids in the samples were 104.2-2405.2 mg/100g, included which DHA+EPA were 29.0-238.6 mg/100g. Mean content of essential trace elements (μg/g) in fish and shrimp species followed the order of Fe (10.3)>Cu (9.9)>Zn (7.7)> >Cr (1.42)>Se (0.337)>Mo (0.285)>I (0.023). The As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb content in the samples were nd-218, 14-97, 3-47, 4200-11300 and 144-1127 μg/kg, respectively, which was below the national maximum limit with the exception of Pb content in several samples. Though no obvious bioaccumulation pattern was found among species, species living in the demersal layers or with higher trophic levels tend to accumulate more trace elements. To achieve the recommended 250 mg of DHA+EPA daily intake, results of benefit-risk assessment indicated that fish and shrimp consumption can be major source of Se, Cu, Mo and Cr intake, whereas fish consumption was potential non-carcinogenic risk exposure for Ni and microcystins. Benefit-risk assessment contributed to the identification of main benefits and hazards of freshwater fish and shrimp consumption for inland populations around the large eutrophic lake.
Whole Mitochondrial Genome Analysis of the Daur Ethnic Minority from Hulunbuir of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
Authors: Wang Chi-Zao , Yu Xue-Er , Shi Mei-Sen , Li Hui , Ma Shu-Hua
Published: September 2021

Background: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variations are often associated with bioenergetics, disease, and speciation and can be used to track the history of women. Although advances in massively parallel sequencing (MPS) technology have greatly promoted our understanding of the population’s history (especially genome-wide data and whole Y chromosome sequencing), the whole mtDNA sequence of many important groups has not been fully studied. In this study, we employed whole mtDNA genomes of 209 healthy and unrelated individuals from the Daur group, a Mongolic-speaking representative population of the indigenous groups in the Heilongjiang River basin (also known as the Amur River basin). Results: The dataset presented 127 distinct mtDNA haplotypes, resulting in a haplotype diversity of 0.9933. The majority of haplotypes were assigned to eastern Eurasian-specific lineages, such as D4 (19.62%), B4 (9.09%), D5 (7.66%) and M7 (4.78%). We collected whole mitochondrial genomes from the 1000 Genomes Project, the Human Genome Diversity Project and published papers for population comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, and the results showed that the Daurians do have certain connections with the ancient populations in the Heilongjiang River basin but the matrilineal genetic composition of the Daur group was also greatly influenced by other non-Mongolic groups from neighboring areas. Conclusions: Collectively, the whole mtDNA data generated in the present study will augment the existing mtDNA database and deepen our understanding of the history of the Daurians as well as other populations from northern East Asia.
Diagonal Earlobe Crease and Long-Term Survival After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Thilo Christian , Meisinger Christine , Heier Margit , Scheidt Wolfgang , Kirchberger Inge
Published: September 2021

Background: The association between the presence of a diagonal earlobe crease (DEC) and coronary artery disease (CAD) has been prescribed earlier. However, it is unclear whether patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and DEC have a higher risk of dying. Methods: Study participants were persons with AMI who were included in the KORA Myocardial Infarction Registry Augsburg from August 2015 to December 2016. After taking pictures of both earlobes, two employees independently assessed the severity of DEC in 4 degrees. For analysis, the expression of the DEC was dichotomized. Information on risk factors, severity and therapy of the AMI was collected by interview and from the medical record. Vital status post AMI was obtained by population registries in 2019. The relationship between DEC and survival time was determined using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Out of 655 participants, 442 (67.5%) showed DEC grade 2/3 and 213 (32.5%) DEC grade 0/1. Median observation period was 3.06 years (5-1577 days). During this period, 26 patients (12.2%) with DEC grade 0/1 and 92 patients (20.8%) with grade 2/3 died (hazard ratio 1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23 - 2.96, p = 0.0037). In the fully adjusted model, patients with DEC grade 2/3 had a 1.48-fold increased risk of death compared to the DEC grade 0/1 patient group (CI 0.94 - 2.34, p = 0.0897). The fully adjusted model applied for 1-year survival revealed a significant, 2.57-fold hazard ratio of death (CI 1.07 - 6.17, p = 0.0347) for the patients with DEC grade 2/3.Conclusions: Our results indicate that DEC is independently associated with 1-year AMI survival.
Gene Expression Programming and Machine Learning Methods for Bushfire Susceptibility Mapping in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Hosseini Maryamsadat , Lim Samsung
Published: September 2021

Australia is one of the most bushfire-prone countries. Prediction and management of bushfires in bushfire-susceptible areas can reduce the negative impacts of bushfires. The generation of bushfire susceptibility maps can help improve the prediction of bushfires. The main aim of this study was to use single gene expression programming (GEP) and ensemble of GEP with well-known statistical methods to generate bushfire susceptibility maps for New South Wales, Australia as a case study. We used eight methods for bushfire susceptibility mapping: GEP, random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), frequency ratio (FR), ensemble techniques of GEP and FR (GEPFR), RF and FR (RFFR), SVM and FR (SVMFR), and LR and FR (LRFR). Areas under the curve (AUCs) of the receiver operating characteristic were used to evaluate the proposed methods. GEPFR exhibited the best performance for bushfire susceptibility mapping based on the AUC (0.890), while RFFR had the highest accuracy (94.70%) among the proposed methods. GEPFR is an ensemble method that uses features from the evolutionary algorithm and the statistical FR method, which results in a better AUC for the bushfire susceptibility maps. The ensemble methods had better performances than those of the single methods.
Study on the Balance of Oxygen in Supply and Demand in Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Zhang Jingbing , Shao Yuting , Wang Hongchen , Liu Guo-hua , Qi Lu , Sun Wenzhuo , Jiang Zhao , Zhang Jinsen
Published: September 2021

In order to accurately evaluate the comprehensive operation efficiency of aerobic biological treatment system in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), the process state aeration performance tester and the specific oxygen uptake rate online monitoring device were used to measure the oxygenation performance and the activated sludge performance in aeration tank, and the comprehensive operation efficiency of aerobic tank was evaluated by combining physical-chemical indexes and water quality analysis of the treatment system. The results showed that the oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE) of aerators under process state are reduced by 13.07% and 14.48% respectively compared with that in clean water in the No.3-tank and No.6-tank, and the aeration uniformity index (IAU) is 4.86 and 1.46 respectively. The oxygen uptake rate (OUR) in the third corridor decreased significantly, but dissolved oxygen (DO) was a high level. Oxygen in supply (Qs) was much greater than oxygen in demand (Cs), which have resulted a large waste of energy consumption. Finally, the subsection regulation strategy was proposed based on the principle of oxygen balance. The results of this study will not only help the WWTP to achieve energy-saving and consumption-reducing, but also stable operation.
The Clinical Efficacy of Anterior Pelvic Wall Locking Plate Fixation Through the Lateral Rectus Approach for Treating Quadrilateral Surface Acetabular Fractures
Authors: Wang Zhidong , Wang ZhenHeng , Chen GuangDong , Gao MaoFeng , Li Mao , Zhu Ruofu , Yang HuiLin
Published: September 2021

Background:Cases of acetabular fractures involving the quadrilateral surface are increasing annually. Quadrilateral surface surgery is complex, involves combined approaches, and the quality of fracture reduction closely depends on the surgical procedure. This study aimed to explore the clinical effects of the anterior pelvic wall locking plate through the lateral rectus approach for treating acetabular fractures involving quadrilateral surface. Methods:A retrospective analysis of 35 patients with acetabular fractures involving the quadrilateral surface treated with anterior pelvic wall-locking plates at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from June 2016 to December 2020. Patients included 25 males and ten females; age 23-82 years, average 52.4 years. The fracture classification was based on the Letournel-Judet classification: 13 cases of double-column fractures, seven cases of T-shaped fractures, seven cases of anterior wall with posterior semi-transverse fractures, and eight cases of transverse fractures. All patients were exposed through the lateral rectus approach, and fractures were fixed with the anterior pelvic wall-locking plate combined with the reconstruction plate. The Matta imaging standard assessed the quality of fracture reduction, and hip joint function was assessed according to the modified Merled’Aubigné-Postel scoring standard. Results:Patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were followed up for 12-42 months, with an average of 26.1 months. At the last follow-up, Matta imaging evaluation showed that 24 cases were anatomically reduced (68.6%, 24/35), seven cases were satisfied (20%, 7/35), and four cases were dissatisfied (11.4%, 4/35). The satisfaction rate was 88.6% (31/35), according to the modified Merled'Aubigné-Postel scoring standard. The hip function was excellent in 23 cases, good in six cases, fair in four cases, and poor in two cases. The excellent and good rates were 82.9% (29/35). Conclusion: The acetabular fracture involving the quadrilateral surface is clearly revealed through the lateral rectus approach. The anterior pelvic wall-locking plate combined with the reconstruction plate can fix well, with satisfactory clinical effects.
Minimal Effective Dose of Ropivacaine Under Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Section After Failed Vaginal Delivery by Epidural Labor Analgesia
Authors: Ma Rui , Wang Jianwei , Wei Yu
Published: September 2021

Background: The studies associated with EC50 of ropivacaine for spinal anesthesia are few worldwide during failed vaginal trial by epidural labor analgesia transfer to cesarean section. We preliminarily explore it to determine the minimum local analgesic dose (MLAD) of ropivacaine for spinal anesthesia during failed vaginal trial by epidural labor analgesia transfer to cesarean section(CS) and survey its adverse effect. Trial design: a sequential experimentMethods: The analgesia quality was defined as effective if VAS ( Visual Analogue Scale) score was less than 3 from 15 min after spinal anesthesia to the end of CS. The Brownlee up-and-down sequential allocation was used to estimate the MLAD of subarachnoid ropivacaine and its 95% confidence intervals during failed vaginal trial by epidural labor analgesia transfer to CS. Results: There were significant changes for the time to reach maximum sensory block, the time to reach maximum motor block and the duration from spinal anesthesia to starting operation and hypotension occurence (p＜0.05, p＜0.0001, respectively) between the effective group and ineffective group. Bradyarrhythmia, nausea, vomiting and chills were no significant changes between these two groups. The EC50 dose of f subarachnoid ropivacaine for failed vaginal trial conversion to CS by epidural labor analgesia was 8.2985 mg , and 95% CI( Confidence Interval) was 8.07947mg~8.52348mg.Conclusion: The MLAD of ropivacaine was 8.2985 mg ( 95% CI: 8.0795mg~ 8.5235mg) for spinal anesthesia for failed vaginal trial by epidural labor analgesia conversion to CS. It was indicated that 8.2985 mg ropivacaine by subarachnoid block for failed vaginal trial transfer to CS can provide satisfactory and safe analgesia to parturients with low incidence rate of side effects.Clinical Trial Registration: This clinical study has been registered at www.chictr.org.cn(ChiCTR1900027527).
Early Knee Osteoarthritis Changes Pre- And Post-Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Assessed By the Semi-Quantitative MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS) Case Series and Case-Control Study
Authors: Hamada Tsuyoshi , Sato Yusuke , Watanabe Atsuya , Sakai Takayuki , Inoue Masahiro , Nakajima Takayuki , Aoki Yasuchika , Akagi Ryuichiro , Sasho Takahisa , Ohtori Seiji
Published: September 2021

Background: Semi-quantitative scoring of knee abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can aid in the diagnosis of early stage knee osteoarthritis (OA). Injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial meniscus (MM) can contribute to the development of knee OA, but their relationship to its time of onset is unknown.Purpose: To analyze the factors contributing to early knee OA changes in ACL injured knees using MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS). Methods: Thirty-four cases status post unilateral ACL reconstruction (ACLR) were included. Knee OA abnormalities were evaluated using MOAKS scores of MRIs performed pre- and post-ACLR. Using multiple linear regression analysis, the MOAKS scores of medial osteophytes, medial cartilage alteration, and patellofemoral cartilage alteration were determined as dependent variables. Age, the presence of a meniscal abnormality, the time from injury to ACLR, and body mass index (BMI) were determined as explanatory variables. MOAKS differences between knees with and without medial meniscus (MM) abnormality were tested for each variable using a 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance with the factors of preoperative vs. postoperative status and MM abnormality. Results: In the pre-ACLR multiple linear regression analysis, the waiting period was significantly and positively associated with medial cartilage loss, Lateral femorotibial osteophytes, lateral cartilage loss. and BMI were positively associated with MM abnormalities. BMI and lateral meniscus (LM) abnormality were significantly associated with lateral cartilage loss. Age was significantly associated with medial osteophytes. Age and LM abnormality were significantly associated with lateral osteophytes. Age, BMI, and LM abnormality were significantly associated with patellofemoral osteophytes. Conclusion: We found early knee OA changes in most knees a mean of 28.2 ± 52.0 months after ACL injury. The time from injury to ACLR, BMI, and the presence of MM or LM abnormality in the ACL injured knee were associated with early knee OA changes. In the ACL injured knee with MM involvement, prompt ACLR may forestall the development of OA.
Imagining and Implementing Healthy City Interventions: Combined Results from Parallel Concept Mapping Exercises in Montreal with Community Members and Stakeholders
Authors: Stephens Zoe Poirier , Firth Caislin Leah , Cantinotti Michael , Fuller Daniel , Winters Meghan , Kestens Yan
Published: September 2021

Background Built environment interventions provide structural solutions to complex urban challenges. Though community voices are part of municipal decision-making, planners and public health professionals need tools to better integrate their perspectives for desired changes (what) in the successful implementation of built environment programs and interventions (how). Methods Two simultaneous concept mapping exercises were conducted as part of the INTErventions, Research, and Action in Cities Team (INTERACT) study. Community members (a subsample of the INTERACT cohort) were prompted about neighbourhood changes that could improve their quality of life, while stakeholders (city staff, NGO, public health officials) were prompted about factors that contribute to successful implementation of urban interventions. Through each exercise, items were generated, grouped, and rated on importance and feasibility. Concept maps were produced using multi-dimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis. The clusters or themes identified by community members’ and the stakeholders’ were combined into a Community x Stakeholder Matrix, which served to frame a discussion with stakeholders on built environment interventions. Results Thirty-two community members generated 41 unique responses, which resulted in 6 clusters: 1: Strengthen public transportation, 2: Reduce space dedicated to cars, 3: Foster local social connections, 4: Develop quality cycling infrastructure, 5: Improve pedestrian accessibility, and 6: Green the city. Thirty-seven stakeholders generated 40 unique items, which resulted in 5 clusters: 1: Collaboration with stakeholders and citizens, 2: Planning and evaluation, 3: Common vision for the future, 4: Regulatory framework and funding, and 5: Context-informed approach. The clusters were then used to produce a Community x Stakeholder Matrix to inform healthy cities intervention planning and evaluation.Conclusion Capturing the collective vision of our urban environments and understanding the processes underlying change through concept mapping can lead to more inclusive and successful changes. We propose combining different perspectives in a matrix as a method for evaluation and strategic planning that can help facilitate the integration of community voices into operational planning.
Objective Evaluation of Deep Uncertainty Predictions for COVID-19 Detection
Authors: Asgharnezhad Hamzeh , Shamsi Afshar , Alizadehsani Roohallah , Khosravi Abbas , Nahavandi Saeid , Sani Zahra Alizadeh , Sriniva Dipti , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
Published: September 2021

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been widely applied for detecting COVID-19 in medical images. Existing studies mainly apply transfer learning and other data representation strategies to generate accurate point estimates. The generalization power of these networks is always questionable due to being developed using small datasets and failing to report their predictive confidence. Quantifying uncertainties associated with DNN predictions is a prerequisite for their trusted deployment in medical settings. Here we apply and evaluate three uncertainty quantification techniques for COVID-19 detection using chest X-Ray (CXR) images. The novel concept of uncertainty confusion matrix is proposed and new performance metrics for the objective evaluation of uncertainty estimates are introduced. Through comprehensive experiments, it is shown that networks pertained on CXR images outperform networks pretrained on natural image datasets such as ImageNet. Qualitatively and quantitatively evaluations also reveal that the predictive uncertainty estimates are statistically higher for erroneous predictions than correct predictions. Accordingly, uncertainty quantification methods are capable of flagging risky predictions with high uncertainty estimates. We also observe that ensemble methods more reliably capture uncertainties during the inference. DNN-based solutions for COVID-19 detection have been mainly proposed without any principled mechanism for risk mitigation. Previous studies have mainly focused on on generating single-valued predictions using pretrained DNNs. In this paper, we comprehensively apply and comparatively evaluate three uncertainty quantification techniques for COVID-19 detection using chest X-Ray images. The novel concept of uncertainty confusion matrix is proposed and new performance metrics for the objective evaluation of uncertainty estimates are introduced for the first time. Using these new uncertainty performance metrics, we quantitatively demonstrate where and when we could trust DNN predictions for COVID-19 detection from chest X-rays. It is important to note the proposed novel uncertainty evaluation metrics are generic and could be applied for evaluation of probabilistic forecasts in all classification problems.
Metabolic plasticity can amplify ecosystem responses to global warming
Authors: Kordas Rebecca , Pawar Samraat , Woodward Guy , O'Gorman Eoin
Published: September 2021

Organisms have the capacity to alter their physiological response to warming through acclimation or adaptation, but empirical evidence for this metabolic plasticity across species within food webs is lacking, and a generalisable framework does not exist for modelling its ecosystem-level consequences. Here we show that the ability of organisms to raise their metabolic rate following chronic exposure to warming decreases with increasing body size. Chronic exposure to higher temperatures also increases the sensitivity of organisms to short-term warming, irrespective of their body size. A mathematical model parameterised with these findings shows that metabolic plasticity could account for an additional 60% of ecosystem energy flux with just +2 °C of warming. This could explain why ecosystem respiration continues to rise in long-term warming experiments and highlights the need to embed metabolic plasticity in predictive models of global warming impacts on ecosystems.
Workplace Violence Against Healthcare Professionals in Thai Tertiary Hospitals
Authors: Kueanongkhun Sophida , Grisurapong Siriwan , Techatraisak Kitirat , Guadamuz Thomas E.
Published: September 2021

Background: Thailand lacks evidence of the current prevalence of workplace violence (WPV) at tertiary hospitals. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of, perpetrators of, and factors associated with WPV against healthcare workers in excellent tertiary hospitals in Thailand.Methods: This was a mixed-methods study. A questionnaire was individually administered by an interviewer to 220 healthcare workers using a tablet with an online platforms, and the completion rate was 100%. The study was conducted from July 2018 to March 2019. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to examine the variables related to any violence according to individual and work data. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess risk factors for exposure to violence using a logistic regression model. Thirty participants provided additional qualitative data that were used for thematic analysis.Results: The findings revealed that in the past 12 months, 63.6% of the participants experienced violence at their workplaces. The most common type of violence reported was verbal violence (56.4%), followed by physical violence (24.1%), bullying (16.4%), sexual harassment (4.1%), and racial harassment (3.6%). Multivariable logistic regression revealed that the correlates of violence at hospitals included being male (OR = 4.28, 95% CI 1.50–12.19), working in an outpatient department (OR = 2.55, 95% CI 1.42–4.58), and having direct contact with clients (OR = 3.12, 95% CI 1.25–7.73). The qualitative data revealed 5 major themes.Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of violence against all healthcare workers at excellent tertiary hospitals in Thailand. Policymakers need to be aware of the roots and risk factors for all types of WPV. The results could also contribute to the development of appropriate policies, interventions for conflicts based on intergenerational gaps, reporting, investigation processes, preventive measures, and zero-tolerance protocols for all healthcare workers.
OSW-1 Induces Apoptosis and Cyto-Protective Autophagy, and Synergizes with Doxorubicin on Spontaneous Metastasis of Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Wu Mengling , Xi Huizhi , Liao Mengya , Ma Hongbo , Li Shanrui , Huang Qianrui , Zhang Yiwen , Xia Yong
Published: September 2021

Background

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most malignant subtype of breast cancer and chemotherapy using drugs such as doxorubicin is the main treatment strategy. However, drug resistance and dose-dependent toxicities restricted its clinical use. Natural products are major sources of anti-tumor drugs. OSW-1 is a natural compound that has shown strong anti-cancer effects in several cancer types, but its effects on the efficacies of chemotherapy in TNBC and the underlying mechanism remain unclear.
Methods

We investigated the effects of OSW-1 on the viabilities, apoptosis and autophagy in 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The synergistic effects of combination with OSW-1 and doxorubicin on TNBC growth and spontaneous metastasis were examined in vitro and in vivo.
Results

OSW-1 induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and cyto-protective autophagy in TNBC cells in vitro. In addition, OSW-1 and doxorubicin exhibits strong synergistic anti-TNBC capabilities both in vivo and in vitro. The combination treatment can strongly inhibit spontaneous metastasis in 4T1 model. Consistent with this inhibition, the proportion of CD8+ T lymphocytes in the lung microenvironment were significantly increased after combination treatment.
Conclusions

This study indicates that the combination therapy with natural compound and chemotherapeutic drug could be a promising anti-TNBC strategy which deserves further investigation.