bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Profile: Robert Benaim
Authors: Whitelaw Jackie
Published: January 2023

Robert Benaim is recognised as one of Britain’s greatest modern bridge builders, an achievement that was underlined when he collected the Sir Frank Whittle Medal last year from the Royal Academy of Engineering, awarded to someone who has had a profound impact on their discipline. Jackie Whitelaw talked to him about his career.
Technical Guidance Note Level 2 No. 24: Principles of the design of post-fixed anchors
Authors: O'Regan Chris
Published: January 2023

Post-fixed anchors have been used in one form or another for over 100 years. They are typically needed in refurbishments, or in new-build projects where cast-in fixings are not practical or a late change has occurred. Designing a post-fixed anchor can be a convoluted process, principally due to the number of variables involved when considering its use in any given situation. The anchor itself could be resin-based or mechanical, with this choice guided by the material it is to be fixed into and the required loads. Technical Guidance Note Level 1, No. 29 Post-fix anchors provides an introduction to these fixings, and readers of this note should ensure they are familiar with the concepts discussed.
Confidential Reporting on Structural Safety (CROSS): Newsletter 57
Authors:   Confidential Reporting on Structural Safety
Published: January 2023

This article highlights a report from the latest CROSS newsletter on disproportionate collapse assessment.
Post-Quantum Cryptography
Authors: Pinto Jose
Published: January 2023

Cryptography is used broadly in the digital age, making our communications secure, ensuring our data is safe, and enabling secure transactions on which we rely daily. Our reality is connected, we send an email without thinking about all the underlying protocols, we buy online, and we check the weather on our fridge. Utilizations are countless and so is our exposure. Cryptographic systems keep us safe, a shield for our privacy and our fundamental rights. However, we have arrived at the dawn of a new age, the quantum computing era. Seen for a long as a theoretical emanation of quantum mechanics it gives the first baby steps in the real world, making the world as we know it less safe and more dangerous. Post-quantum cryptography is the paladin that is coming to the rescue but will it be up to the challenge of keeping our world safe.
Predicting Cybersecurity Risk - A Methodology for Assessments
Authors: Ferreira Daniel Jorge , São Mamede Henrique
Published: January 2023

Defining an appropriate cybersecurity incident response model is a critical challenge that all companies face on a daily basis.However, there is not always an adequate answer. This is due to the lack of predictive models based on data (evidence). There is a significant investment in research to identify the main factors that can cause such incidents, always trying to have the most appropriate response and, consequently, enhancing response capacity and success. At the same time, several different methodologies assess the risk management and maturity level of organizations.There is, however, a gap in determining an organization's degree of proactive responsiveness to successfully adopt cybersecurity and an even more significant gap in assessing it from a risk management perspective. This paper proposes a model to evaluate this capacity, a model that intends to evaluate the methodological aspects of an organization and indicates the apparent gaps that can negatively impact the future of the organization in the management of cybersecurity incidents and presents a model that intends to be proactive.
Actualización en Atenciones Médicas Vol. 14
Authors: Cueva Loaiza Adriana , Navarrete Veloz Mirian Consuelo , Pantoja Revelo Rosa de las Mercedes , Santos Briones Mayra Andrea , Ruiz Chavez Daniel Alejandro , Proaño Sánchez Mónica Elizabeth , Balarezo Mercado Maylin Dayanara , Shagñay Pucha Geoconda Isabel , Huertas Argoti Julio César , Camino Guaña Edwin Guillermo , Alvarez Centy Withnie Aileen , Montufar Benítez Olga Italia , Tixilema Arias Cynthia Michelle
Published: January 2023

La presente obra es el resultado del esfuerzo académico de un grupo de profesionales de la salud, quienes han recopilado la información disponible con la evidencia científica más actualizada sobre temas que esperamos ayuden a los profesionales de la salud y a médicos en formación interesados en profundizar sus conocimientos sobre patologías frecuentes que pueden presentarse dentro de su ámbito profesional.
Consultas Médicas Tomo 7
Authors: Ocampo Ulloa Geomira Elizabeth , Guazhima Moscoso Erika Tatiana , Holguín Ortiz Karen Lisseth , Izurieta Vallejo Isis Shanyra , Alvarez Minchala Boris Fernando , Bodero Acuña Luis Andrés , Abumohor Ochoa Francois Andre , Mora Madero Andrea Evelyn , Paida Villacís Jhonny Alexander , Vásquez Villacís María Sol
Published: January 2023

La presente obra es el resultado del esfuerzo académico de un grupo de profesionales de la salud, quienes han recopilado la información disponible con la evidencia científica más actualizada sobre temas que esperamos ayuden a los profesionales de la salud y a médicos en formación interesados en profundizar sus conocimientos sobre patologías frecuentes que pueden presentarse dentro de su ámbito profesional.
Privacy Rarely Considered: Exploring Considerations in the Adoption of Third-Party Services by Websites
Authors: Utz Christine , Amft Sabrina , Degeling Martin , Holz Thorsten , Fahl Sascha , Schaub Florian
Published: January 2023

Modern websites frequently use and embed third-party services to facilitate web development, connect to social media, or for monetization. This often introduces privacy issues as the inclusion of third-party services on a website can allow the third party to collect personal data about the website's visitors. While the prevalence and mechanisms of third-party web tracking have been widely studied, little is known about the decision processes that lead to websites using third-party functionality and whether efforts are being made to protect their visitors' privacy. We report results from an online survey with 395 participants involved in the creation and maintenance of websites. For ten common website functionalities we investigated if privacy has played a role in decisions about how the functionality is integrated, if specific efforts for privacy protection have been made during integration, and to what degree people are aware of data collection through third parties. We find that ease of integration drives third-party adoption but visitor privacy is considered if there are legal requirements or respective guidelines. Awareness of data collection and privacy risks is higher if the collection is directly associated with the purpose for which the third-party service is used.
On the Privacy Risks of Deploying Recurrent Neural Networks in Machine Learning Models
Authors: Yang Yunhao , Gohari Parham , Topcu Ufuk
Published: January 2023

We study the privacy implications of training recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with sensitive training datasets. Considering membership inference attacks (MIAs)—which aim to infer whether or not specific data records have been used in training a given machine learning model—we provide empirical evidence that a neural network's architecture impacts its vulnerability to MIAs. In particular, we demonstrate that RNNs are subject to a higher attack accuracy than feed-forward neural network (FFNN) counterparts. Additionally, we study the effectiveness of two prominent mitigation methods for preempting MIAs, namely weight regularization and differential privacy. For the former, we empirically demonstrate that RNNs may only benefit from weight regularization marginally as opposed to FFNNs. For the latter, we find that enforcing differential privacy through either of the following two methods leads to a less favorable privacy-utility trade-off in RNNs than alternative FFNNs: (i) adding Gaussian noise to the gradients calculated during training as a part of the so-called extsc{DP-SGD} algorithm and (ii) adding Gaussian noise to the trainable parameters as a part of a post-training mechanism that we propose. As a result, RNNs can also be less amenable to mitigation methods, bringing us to the conclusion that the privacy risks pertaining to the recurrent architecture are higher than the feed-forward counterparts.
Blind My - An Improved Cryptographic Protocol to Prevent Stalking in Apple's Find My Network
Authors: Mayberry Travis , Blass Erik-Oliver , Fenske Ellis
Published: January 2023

In 2020, Apple introduced the Find My protocol, which allows owners to crowdsource the location of their lost Apple devices even when the lost device has no active internet connection (e.g., Wi-Fi, Cellular). The Find My protocol is the basis for Apple's AirTag tracking tokens which were released later in 2021. In order to prevent malicious use of these tokens, Apple also implemented ``item safety alerts'' which can warn a person if they are being tracked by an AirTag without their knowledge. However, researchers have recently identified several shortcomings with these alerts that allow modified AirTags to track unsuspecting victims indefinitely without being detected. Making matters worse, while recognizing the observed malicious use of AirTags, news reports, Apple's press releases, and their intended anti-tracking improvements to the protocol do not consider the potential surreptitious use of the Find My network by custom built AirTag clones.
In this work, we present an improved Find My protocol which effectively limits the capabilities of malicious AirTags and guarantees that they can be detected while tracking. We accomplish this by adding additional cryptographic verification into the protocol, which restricts tags to only using a bounded set of keys while tracking. In order to maintain - and exceed - the privacy guarantees of the current Find My protocol, we make use of specialized partial blind signatures.
To demonstrate the practicality of this protocol, we implement it end-to-end using a programmable device with the same SoC (nRF52832) as in current AirTags. We also benchmark the cryptographic operations of our protocol and show that they require only modest overhead during the initial pairing procedure.
Differentially Private Speaker Anonymization
Authors: Shahin Shamsabadi Ali , Mohan Lal Srivastava Brij , Bellet Aurélien , Vauquier Nathalie , Vincent Emmanuel , Maouche Mohamed , Tommasi Marc , Papernot Nicolas
Published: January 2023

Sharing real-world speech utterances is key to the training and deployment of voice-based services. However, it also raises privacy risks as speech contains a wealth of personal data. Speaker anonymization aims to remove speaker information from a speech utterance while leaving its linguistic and prosodic attributes intact. State-of-the-art techniques operate by disentangling the speaker information (represented via a speaker embedding) from these attributes and re-synthesizing speech based on the speaker embedding of another speaker. Prior research in the privacy community has shown that anonymization often provides brittle privacy protection, even less so any provable guarantee. In this work, we show that disentanglement is indeed not perfect: linguistic and prosodic attributes still contain speaker information. We remove speaker information from these attributes by introducing differentially private feature extractors based on an autoencoder and an automatic speech recognizer, respectively, trained using noise layers. We plug these extractors in the state-of-the-art anonymization pipeline and generate, for the first time, private speech utterances with a provable upper bound on the speaker information they contain. We evaluate empirically the privacy and utility resulting from our differentially private speaker anonymization approach on the LibriSpeech data set. Experimental results show that the generated utterances retain very high utility for automatic speech recognition training and inference, while being much better protected against strong adversaries who leverage the full knowledge of the anonymization process to try to infer the speaker identity.
SoK: Secure Aggregation Based on Cryptographic Schemes for Federated Learning
Authors: Mansouri Mohamad , Önen Melek , Ben Jaballah Wafa , Conti Mauro
Published: January 2023

Secure aggregation consists of computing the sum of data collected from multiple sources without disclosing these individual inputs. Secure aggregation has been found useful for various applications ranging from electronic voting to smart grid measurements. Recently, federated learning emerged as a new collaborative machine learning technology to train machine learning models. In this work, we study the suitability of secure aggregation based on cryptographic schemes to federated learning. We first provide a formal definition of the problem and suggest a systematic categorization of existing solutions. We further investigate the specific challenges raised by federated learning and analyze the recent dedicated secure aggregation solutions based on cryptographic schemes. We finally share some takeaway messages that would help a secure design of federated learning and identify open research directions in this topic. Based on the takeaway messages, we propose an improved definition of secure aggregation that better fits federated learning.
No Privacy Among Spies: Assessing the Functionality and Insecurity of Consumer Android Spyware Apps
Authors: Liu Enze , Rao Sumanth , Havron Sam , Ho Grant , Savage Stefan , Voelker Geoffrey M. , McCoy Damon
Published: January 2023

Consumer mobile spyware apps covertly monitor a user's activities (i.e., text messages, phone calls, e-mail, location, etc.) and transmit that information over the Internet to support remote surveillance. Unlike conceptually similar apps used for state espionage, so-called "stalkerware" apps are mass-marketed to consumers on a retail basis and expose a far broader range of victims to invasive monitoring. Today the market for such apps is large enough to support dozens of competitors, with individual vendors reportedly monitoring hundreds of thousands of phones. However, while the research community is well aware of the existence of such apps, our understanding of the mechanisms they use to operate remains ad hoc. In this work, we perform an in-depth technical analysis of 14 distinct leading mobile spyware apps targeting Android phones. We document the range of mechanisms used to monitor user activity of various kinds (e.g., photos, text messages, live microphone access) — primarily through the creative abuse of Android APIs. We also discover previously undocumented methods these apps use to hide from detection and to achieve persistence. Additionally, we document the measures taken by each app to protect the privacy of the sensitive data they collect, identifying a range of failings on the part of spyware vendors (including privacy-sensitive data sent in the clear or stored in the cloud with little or no protection).
Designing a Location Trace Anonymization Contest
Authors: Murakami Takao , Arai Hiromi , Hamada Koki , Hatano Takuma , Iguchi Makoto , Kikuchi Hiroaki , Kuromasa Atsushi , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Nakamura Yuichi , Nishiyama Kenshiro , Nojima Ryo , Oguri Hidenobu , Watanabe Chiemi , Yamada Akira , Yamaguchi Takayasu , Yamaoka Yuji
Published: January 2023

For a better understanding of anonymization methods for location traces, we have designed and held a location trace anonymization contest that deals with a long trace (400 events per user) and fine-grained locations (1024 regions). In our contest, each team anonymizes her original traces, and then the other teams perform privacy attacks against the anonymized traces. In other words, both defense and attack compete together, which is close to what happens in real life. Prior to our contest, we show that re-identification alone is insufficient as a privacy risk and that trace inference should be added as an additional risk. Specifically, we show an example of anonymization that is perfectly secure against re-identification and is not secure against trace inference. Based on this, our contest evaluates both the re-identification risk and trace inference risk and analyzes their relationship. Through our contest, we show several findings in a situation where both defense and attack compete together. In particular, we show that an anonymization method secure against trace inference is also secure against re-identification under the presence of appropriate pseudonymization. We also report defense and attack algorithms that won first place, and analyze the utility of anonymized traces submitted by teams in various applications such as POI recommendation and geo-data analysis.
Detect Your Fingerprint in Your Photographs: Photography-based Multi-Feature Sybil Detection
Authors: Kim Yerim , Kim Minjae , Chung Myungjae , Hur Junbeom
Published: January 2023

A darknet market is an online marketplace typically implemented over Tor, where vendors sell illegal products or criminal services. Due to dramatic growth in the popularity of such markets, there is a recognized need for automatic investigation of the market’s ecosystem and identification of anonymous vendors. However, as they often create multiple accounts (or Sybil accounts) within or across different marketplaces, detecting Sybil accounts becomes the key to understanding the ecosystem of darknet markets and identifying the actual relationship between the vendors. This study presents a novel Sybil detection method that extracts multiple features of vendors from photographs in a fine-grained level (e.g., image similarity, main category, subcategory, and text data), and reveals the multiple Sybil accounts of them simultaneously. Each feature is extracted from multiple rich sources using an image hash algorithm, Deep Neural Network (DNN) classifier, image restoration, and text recognition tool; and merged using a weighted feature embedding model. The matching score of each vendor is then calculated to identify not only the exact Sybil accounts, but multiple potential accounts suspected of being associated to a single operator. We evaluate the efficacy of our method using real-world datasets from four large darknet markets (i.e., SilkRoad2, Agora, Evolution, Alphabay) from 2014 to 2015. Because of the anonymity of darknet market, we construct the ground-truth of Sybil accounts by randomly splitting the dataset of vendors into two even parts. We used the first set to train the model, and linked the second set to the original vendor in the first set to evaluate performance. Our experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method outperforms the existing photography-based system with an accuracy of 98%, identifying up to 700% more candidate Sybil accounts than prior work. Additionally, our method detects multiple Sybil accounts for 90% of evaluated test cases, presenting a very different picture of darknet marketplace dynamics than methods that can only detect a single Sybil account for each target vendor. Due to its fine-grained multiple feature extraction from photographs, our method can be more generically applied to various darknet markets for Sybil detection regardless of their languages or categories of items.
SoK: Secure E-Voting with Everlasting Privacy
Authors: Haines Thomas , Mosaheb Rafieh , Müller Johannes , Pryvalov Ivan
Published: January 2023

Vote privacy is a fundamental right, which needs to be protected not only during an election, or for a limited time afterwards, but for the foreseeable future. Numerous electronic voting (e-voting) protocols have been proposed to address this challenge, striving for everlasting privacy. This property guarantees that even computationally unbounded adversaries cannot break privacy of past elections. The broad interest in secure e-voting with everlasting privacy has spawned a large variety of protocols over the last three decades. These protocols differ in many aspects, in particular the precise security properties they aim for, the threat scenarios they consider, and the privacy-preserving techniques they employ. Unfortunately, these differences are often opaque, making analysis and comparison cumbersome. In order to overcome this non-transparent state of affairs, we systematically analyze all e-voting protocols designed to provide everlasting privacy. First, we illustrate the relations and dependencies between all these different protocols. Next, we analyze in depth which protocols do provide secure and efficient approaches to e-voting with everlasting privacy under realistic assumptions, and which ones do not. Eventually, based on our extensive and detailed treatment, we identify which research problems in this field have already been solved, and which ones are still open. Altogether, our work offers a well - founded reference point for conducting research on secure e - voting with everlasting privacy as well as for future - proofing privacy in real - world electronic elections.
Is There a Reverse Privacy Paradox? An Exploratory Analysis of Gaps Between Privacy Perspectives and Privacy-Seeking Behaviors
Authors: Colnago Jessica , Cranor Lorrie , Acquisti Alessandro
Published: January 2023

Privacy scholars have long studied, and argued about, a so-called privacy paradox---the alleged gap between individuals' claims of caring about privacy and their actual behaviors. This manuscript explores whether a different type of mismatch occurs in an online sample of US participants: a mismatch between participants' dismissive perspectives on privacy and their privacy-protective behaviors. In a series of online studies with Prolific US participants we tackle two research questions: is there evidence of mismatches between (dismissive) privacy perspectives, and (protective) privacy behaviors? If so, what can explain those mismatches? In a Behavior Elicitation study, we collect a corpus of privacy-regulating and privacy-protective behaviors. Next, in Study 1, we find evidence that engagement in a broad array of privacy behaviors is, in fact, very common in our sample. We also find that mismatches between dismissive privacy perspectives and protective behaviors emerge in a large proportion of participants. Finally, in Study 2, we uncover several common but distinct reasons for those mismatches, including construing seemingly protective behaviors as motivated by reasons other than privacy, and nuanced stances on when to express privacy concern. Collectively, the results indicate that individuals who are seemingly dismissive of privacy concerns engage in behaviors that can be construed as privacy-seeking. The findings highlight the nuances of individual privacy decision-making and suggest that public policy related to privacy should account for the evidence for widespread privacy-seeking behaviors.
Privacy Concerns and Acceptance Factors of OSINT for Cybersecurity: A Representative Survey
Authors: Riebe Thea , Biselli Tom , Kaufhold Marc-André , Reuter Christian
Published: January 2023

The use of Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) to monitor and detect cybersecurity threats is gaining popularity among Cybersecurity Emergency or Incident Response Teams (CERTs/CSIRTs). They increasingly use semi-automated OSINT approaches when monitoring cyber threats for public infrastructure services and incident response. Most of the systems use publicly available data, often focusing on social media due to timely data for situational assessment. As indirect and affected stakeholders, the acceptance of OSINT systems by users, as well as the conditions which influence the acceptance, are relevant for the development of OSINT systems for cybersecurity. Therefore, as part of the ethical and social technology assessment, we conducted a survey (N=1,093), in which we asked participants about their acceptance of OSINT systems, their perceived need for open source surveillance, as well as their privacy behavior and concerns. Further, we tested if the awareness of OSINT is an interactive factor that affects other factors. Our results indicate that cyber threat perception and the perceived need for OSINT are positively related to acceptance, while privacy concerns are negatively related. The awareness of OSINT, however, has only shown effects on people with higher privacy concerns. Here, particularly high OSINT awareness and limited privacy concerns were associated with higher OSINT acceptance. Lastly, we provide implications for further research and the use of OSINT systems for cybersecurity by authorities. As OSINT is a framework rather than a single technology, approaches can be selected and combined to adhere to data minimization and anonymization as well as to leverage improvements in privacy-preserving computation and machine learning innovations. Regarding the use of OSINT, the results suggest to favor approaches that provide transparency to users regarding the use of the systems and the data they gather.
How Much Privacy Does Federated Learning with Secure Aggregation Guarantee?
Authors: Elkordy Ahmed Roushdy , Zhang Jiang , Ezzeldin Yahya H. , Psounis Konstantinos , Avestimehr Salman
Published: January 2023

Federated learning (FL) has attracted growing interest for enabling privacy-preserving machine learning on data stored at multiple users while avoiding moving the data off-device. However, while data never leaves users’ devices, privacy still cannot be guaranteed since significant computations on users’ training data are shared in the form of trained local models. These local models have recently been shown to pose a substantial privacy threat through different privacy attacks such as model inversion attacks. As a remedy, Secure Aggregation (SA) has been developed as a framework to preserve privacy in FL, by guaranteeing the server can only learn the global aggregated model update but not the individual model updates.While SA ensures no additional information is leaked about the individual model update beyond the aggregated model update, there are no formal guarantees on how much privacy FL with SA can actually offer; as information about the individual dataset can still potentially leak through the aggregated model computed at the server. In this work, we perform a first analysis of the formal privacy guarantees for FL with SA. Specifically, we use Mutual Information (MI) as a quantification metric and derive upper bounds on how much information about each user's dataset can leak through the aggregated model update. When using the FedSGD aggregation algorithm, our theoretical bounds show that the amount of privacy leakage reduces linearly with the number of users participating in FL with SA. To validate our theoretical bounds, we use an MI Neural Estimator to empirically evaluate the privacy leakage under different FL setups on both the MNIST and CIFAR10 datasets. Our experiments verify our theoretical bounds for FedSGD, which show a reduction in privacy leakage as the number of users and local batch size grow, and an increase in privacy leakage as the number of training rounds increases. We also observe similar dependencies for the FedAvg and FedProx protocol.
Development of Interactive Mathematics Learning Media on Geometry Material
Authors: Putra R. Andika , Rahmawati Z. Yulia
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to describe the development of valid, practical, and effective learning media on Geometry materials with worksheets equipment. This research type was development research using the modified Borg & Gall procedures by several main steps, namely product analysis developed, initial product development, and product trials. The product trials carried out consisted of two stages, namely expert validation was carried out to know whether the created learning media was suitable for use or not, from the validation results it was concluded that learning media could be used with slight revisions, then small-scale trials were carried out to find out college student responses to learning media by using college student response questionnaires and conducting tests (evaluations) to obtain media effectiveness data, while the results of the development of interactive mathematics learning media are valid with scores of 3.64 and 3.36, practical with a score of 3.83 and very effective with 90% complete mastery of the material.
Pluripotent stem cells: a new strategy for the treatment of diabetes
Authors: Falsetti Irene , Palmini Gaia , Aurilia Cinzia , Donati Simone , Miglietta Francesca , Iantomasi Teresa , Brandi Maria Luisa
Published: January 2023

Diabetes is now one of the most prevalent diseases in the world. Over the next twenty years, the number of affected individuals could reach 693 million. Diabetes is a group of chronic carbohydrate metabolism disorders responsible for increased blood glucose levels. It has several effects on the human body, and over the years can even become disabling, greatly impacting the patient’s quality of life. The most common therapy is based on daily and chronic administration of exogenous insulin, but this is associated with a series of dangerous and potentially fatal complications. Unsurprisingly therefore, over time, studies have explored various alternatives for the treatment of diabetes, not involving the use of insulin, primarily transplantation of the whole pancreas and of the islets of Langerhans. However, neither of these solutions can be applied on a large scale, mainly due to the lack of donors. In recent years, a viable alternative to insulin and to transplantation has emerged through exploration of the use of pluripotent stem cells and their properties. In this review we analyze the state of the art in this field, and the advantages and disadvantages of cell therapies used for reconstruction of the functional unit of the pancreas, the islets of Langerhans.
A surgical procedure to deliver a triphasic calcium-based implant material to address local bone loss and strengthen an osteoporotic proximal femur: a case report
Authors: De Schepper Jo , Howe James J.
Published: January 2023

Bone loss associated with the systemic skeletal disease osteoporosis results in weakened or fragile bone, the most serious consequence of which is fracture. A 67-year-old post-menopausal Caucasian woman presented with a diagnosis of osteoporosis by FRAX and DXA and a history of a fragility hip fracture. The patient was classified according to the latest guidance document for treating patients with post-menopausal osteoporosis from the International Osteoporosis Foundation and European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis. The patient was at very high risk for major osteoporotic fracture, including hip fracture. This case report describes the use of a minimally invasive surgical procedure to address bone loss in the proximal femur associated with osteoporosis. Local osteo-enhancement procedure (LOEP), a minimally invasive surgical procedure, was performed using a triphasic calcium-based implant material, AGN1. LOEP was carried out under general anesthesia and fluoroscopic navigation. The area of bone loss in the proximal femur, the enhancement site, was identified, debrided, and irrigated to prepare it for low-pressure filling with AGN1 implant material. The patient recovered from the procedure without incident and was discharged without activity limitations after an overnight stay. X-ray imaging and DXA scans were used to evaluate implant material resorption and replacement with bone over a 3.25-year follow up. A significant and sustained increase in femoral neck and total hip BMD was observed (pre vs 3.25 years post-procedure: 0.546 vs 1.031 gm/cm2 and 0.628 vs 0.96 gm/cm2, respectively), which corresponded to a change in the patient’s T-score from the osteoporosis range to normal. Based on the use of T-scores to measure the risk of fragility fractures, and acknowledging the well-published limitations of doing so, the hip fracture risk of this patient was reduced from very high to low. This case report documents the use of this minimally invasive, targeted procedure to address hip fragility fracture (the most serious issue in the systemic disease osteoporosis), with AGN1 implant material used to replace bone lost in the proximal femur.
Norms, Authority, and Practical Reason. On Raz’s Conception of Legal Normativity
Authors: R. Juan Pablo Mañalich
Published: January 2023

The article analyses Raz’s conceptualisation of legal norms as “protected” reasons, which is based on the assertion of their exclusionary force. He takes that conceptualisation to depend on his “service conception” of authority, which poses a difficulty, however, for making sense of the autonomous nature allegedly exhibited by legal norms qua reasons for action. It will be shown that this difficulty ultimately explains Raz’s reluctance to endorse of properly positivist account of legal normativity.
Law as Force: A Dispute and a Reassessment
Authors: Torre Massimo La
Published: January 2023

Legal positivism has been under attack, especially by doctrines contesting its proud claim of a conceptually necessary separation of law and morality. To such an attack the positivist reaction has been that of articulating on the one side a stricter, exclusivist version of the separationist thesis, and on the other side that of conceding to the possibility, though not to the necessity, of some (thus contingent) connection between law and moral requirements. An additional, traditional, third way of reasserting a positivist orthodoxy has been recently proposed, that of once again stressing the law as grounded in the use of force and sanction. This third way circumvents Herbert Hart’s rejection of imperativism and the external point of view through the adoption of an eclectic, anti-essentialist epistemic strategy. However, such anti-essentialism is only apparent in so far as force and sanction are considered as basic conditions of the experience of law, and that this is forcefully and indeed essentially reduced to some kind of violence. But such reduction, in spite of its proclaimed common sense perspective, does not take account of the complexity and plurality of what law is assumed to be by those that practice it. The law as force doctrine tries also to justify itself as a methodology that would allow for an anti-ideological assessment of legal practice, while as a matter of fact making it impossible to articulate an anti-authoritarian account of legal operations.
Endlichkeit im Recht – der Versuch einer verfassungsrechtlichen Einordnung
Authors: Kalscheuer Fiete
Published: January 2023

At first glance, the decisions of the German Federal Constitutional Court on the right to be forgotten, on climate protection and on the prohibition of assisted suicide services would appear to have little in common. On second glance, however, things change: the decision on the right to be forgotten deals with the “temporality of freedom”, the decision on climate protection concerns the “intertemporal protection of freedom” and the decision on the prohibition of assisted suicide services pertains to the freedom to commit suicide, i. e. to determine one‘s temporal end. Each of the three decisions represents a variation on the theme “finiteness in law”, the topic of this essay.
Auf den Spuren idealistischen Denkens
Authors: Götschl Franziska
Published: January 2023

Karl Leonhard Reinhold is regarded as the most important interpreter and disseminator of Kantian philosophy, and the popularity of Immanuel Kant is closely linked to Reinhold's writings. But his own works also exerted a great influence on German idealism. Nevertheless, he has never enjoyed a similar degree of fame as Immanuel Kant, or even fame itself.

In this book, Franziska Götschl devotes herself to Reinhold’s lecture transcripts from the years 1792/93, which were first published in 2015, and sheds light on the relationship between Reinhold and Kant's contemporaneous works—as well as the means Reinhold used in his writings in the late 18th century to bring Kant's critique of reason closer to a broad public.
Das Orgelwerk von Wolfgang Rihm
Authors: Schmeding Martin
Published: January 2023

"Die Orgel war für mich das Ermöglichungsinstrument" – da man dem jugendlichen Komponisten noch kein Orchester anvertrauen wollte, suchte sich Wolfgang Rihm zu Beginn seines kompositorischen Schaffens ein Instrument, das ihm neue musikalische und kreative Welten erschließen konnte: die Orgel.

Ohne Zweifel zählt Wolfgang Rihm, der im März 2022 seinen 70. Geburtstag feierte, zu den zentralen deutschen Komponisten und Musikerpersönlichkeiten der Gegenwart. Wirkt er mit seinem expressiven Musiktheater, seinen großformatigen Orchesterwerken und einer äußerst vielgestaltigen Kammermusik fast omnipräsent im aktuellen kulturellen Leben, so liegen die Anfänge seines Schaffens nahezu im Dunkeln. Und diese Ausgangspunkte sind untrennbar mit der Orgel verbunden.

Hinter den wenigen bekannten und gedruckten Orgelkompositionen Rihms verbirgt sich ein umfangreiches Frühwerk. Wie wichtig dieser Aspekt für Wolfgang Rihm ist, verdeutlicht seine eigene Einschätzung: "Vielleicht haben diese 'frühen' Stücke (...) mehr mit mir zu tun – wie ich jetzt bin – als manches dazwischen Entstandene." Dass aber gerade in seinen Orgelwerken ein wesentlicher Faktor der musikalischen Sprachfindung, der kompositorischen Persönlichkeitsbildung begründet liegt – diesen Spuren lohnt es sich bei der Erschließung des Schaffens von Wolfgang Rihm nachzugehen.
Microplastic Contaminants in the Sediment of the East Coast of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Jawad Al-Shaikh Ali Hamza , Ahmed Al-Thukair Assad , Kambrath Pulikkoden Abdurahiman , Chanbasha Basheer
Published: January 2023

Microplastic contamination in the sediment of the east coast of Saudi Arabia was not addressed by any study. The objective of this study is to obtain the first measurement of microplastic abundance at four different beaches on the east coast of Saudi Arabia (Khafji, Jubial, Dammam, and Salwa). Sediment samples were collected from both high tide and low tide zone. A total of 586 microplastic particles were collected from all the sites with an average particle size of 1.55 ± 0.94 mm. The majority of microplastic particles (77%) were less than 2 mm in size. Microplastic abundance ranged from 5.5 ± 1.55 to 21.2 ± 0.68 particle/kg (51.1 ± 14.71 to 152.8 ± 21.32 particle/m2) in low tide region, and from 6.3 ± 4.05 to 16.5 ± 4.98 particle/kg (50.6 ± 31.21 to 204.5 ± 64.15 particle/m2) in high tide region. The most dominant colors were transparent (34%) and blue (30%), while the fiber was the most common shape (96%). Polyethylene terephthalates were the common polymer type of fibers, while polyethylene and high-density polyethylene were common in fragments and filaments.
Hybrid Perovskite-Based Memristor Devices
Authors: Patel Mansi , Gosai Jeny , Chaudhari Nitin , Solanki Ankur
Published: January 2023

Modern electronic devices are being developed for cutting-edge applications, as a result of recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). The demand for “universal memory” devices with exceptional qualities, such as high data transmission speed, storage capacity, non-volatility, and low operation voltage has increased as a result of the industry’s ability to sustain such a high growth rate. In this chapter, we elaborate on the history of the evaluation of novel memristor structures, various switching mechanisms, and materials for developing memristor devices. The current state of the art of the memristor for various applications, such as data storage, artificial synapse, light-induced resistive switching, logic gates, and mimicking human behavior is also systematically summarized.
Metal-Based Nanomaterials Photodynamic Action with a Focus on Au and Ag Nanomaterials
Authors: Nomani Atiyeh , Kianmehr Anvarsadat , Abdoli Shahriyar , Javani Siamak
Published: January 2023

Photodynamic action is the interaction between cells and oxygen, light, and chemical reagent (photosensitizers). Photodynamic techniques include photodynamic diagnosis (PDD), fluorescence-guided tumor resection, and photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDD and PDT have the exact mechanism. They are based on light and tissue interaction with a difference. PDT is along with the destruction of the lesion against PDD that the diagnosis is made without destruction. Photosensitizers (PSs) could be organic and inorganic. Metal-based PSs were considered, due to the disadvantages of organic PSs such as low quantum yield and small stock shift, and high toxicity. We have examined the metal-based nanomaterials PDT in recent years. The titles considered are including the introduction that consists of explanations about photodynamic action, PDD, PDT and history of PDT, PDT mechanism, PDT effects on the immune system, photosensitizers, and metal-based nanomaterials in the photodynamic application, which this section addresses along with the application of metal nanomaterials (with a focus on gold and silver nanomaterials) in photodynamic techniques.
Perspective Chapter: Mangrove Conservation – An Ecotourism Approach
Authors: Ketut Ginantra I.
Published: January 2023

The chapter we propose includes the following: The uniqueness of the mangrove ecosystem, the mangrove ecosystem is a unique ecotone, which connects the life of land and marine biota. Its diversity of plants and fauna is typical, namely, true mangrove plants, associated mangrove plants, crustaceans, mollusks, fish, reptiles and birds. The existence of mangrove flora and fauna is an attraction for ecotourism, scientific interpretation and educational materials for the community for mangrove conservation. Principles in conservation include preservation, protection and sustainable use. Ecotourism is the sustainable use of mangroves, which combines three main aspects, namely, ecology, economy and evaluating community opinion. Examples of the use of mangrove ecosystems are for ecotourism in Bali, Indonesia. The manuscript has a valuable contribution on the importance of the mangrove ecosystems in ecotourism.
Perspective Chapter: Role of Genetics, Stem Cells in Reconstructive Surgery—Their Perspectives in Craniofacial Diseases and Syndromes
Authors: Sudhakar V. Goparaju Surya
Published: January 2023

Genetic screening, counseling, and mapping play a vital role in identification of mutant genes/chromosomes, thereby preventing the progression of the disease in craniofacial anamolies, head and neck cancer in susceptible patients. Stem cells have a wide application in treating autoimmune diseases and systemic diseases, craniofacial anomalies, head and neck cancers, esthetic and reconstructive surgery, etc. At large, surgery has been the mainstay of treatment in both disease varieties. Targeted therapies with genetic engineering and stem cell transplantation go hand in hand for improving the prognosis of these diseases to a phenomenal extent. The identification of the disease at the level of chromosomal mutation stem cell therapy in conjunction with surgery is a suitable option to obtain satisfactory results in both the disease entities. This methodical combination aids in correction of the relapse and recurrence in craniofacial anomalies as well as head and neck cancers. This chapter projects and encourages insight into the perspective approach and the importance of combining whole genome sequencing and mapping along with stem cell therapy along with the conventional treatment modalities in treatment of craniofacial deformities, head and neck neoplasms with the right timing and proper case selection to appreciate better results.
The Invention of North-Africa
Authors: Meziane Mohamed Amer ,   Canadian Society for Continental Philosophy
Published: January 2023

This article sketches an archaeology of the racial divide between North Africa and “Black Africa” by examining how it belongs to the emergence of modern geography during the nineteenth century. It argues that the de-Africanization of North Africa is inseparable from the racial identi􀏔ication of “Africa proper”—to quote Hegel’s word—with a dehumanizing concept of Blackness. The second part of the article tries to move beyond archaeology in order to analyze counter-geographies of decolonization. It does so by focussing on the ways in which the continental Pan-Africanism of the Algerian revolution has deployed a practical criticism of the divide between North and Black Africa through Fanon.
BO'LAJAK O'QITUVCHILARNING PROFESSIONAL TAYYORGARLIGINI PEDAGOGIK TASHXISLASH VA MONITORING QILISH JARAYONINING USTUVOR TAMOYILLARI
Authors: Husanov Farrux
Published: January 2023

This article discusses the organization of pedagogical activities of future teachers, the creative aspects of their professional activities, the possibility of effective development of research and design skills.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: A COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL APPROACH TO OVERCOMING ANXIETY
Authors: Abdurakhmanova Regina
Published: January 2023

The article provides a theoretical analysis of studies related to psychological support in educational institutions. The features of methods that contribute to overcoming anxiety in difficult epidemiological and social conditions (pandemic conditions - online learning) of the educational space are considered. Anxiety and depression accompanying students and teachers, children and educators, students and teachers find their effective solution in A. Beck's method of "cognitive-behavioral approach", which helps to qualitatively change destructive beliefs into constructive attitudes.
Een stuk leven. Beschouwingen van een oud-aalmoezenier van sociale werken
Authors: Poels H.A.
Published: January 2023

De inhoud bestaat voornamelijk uit de z.g. 'Mémoires' van mgr. dr. H.A. Poels. Ingeleid en geannoteerd door P. Dr. Remigius Dieteren O.F.M.
Vijftig jaar Hornerheide. Historische beschouwingen over de medische zorg in Limburg
Authors: Philips J.F.R. (Rudolf)
Published: January 2023

Een studie van drs. J.F.R. Philips over het Sanatorium Hornerheide, die opgezet als een artikel bijna tot een zelfstandig boekwerk is uitgegroeid. De auteur meende er goed aan te doen de geschiedenis van dit sanatorium te projekteren tegen de achtergrond van de tuberculosebestrijding in Limburg en de algemene ontwikkeling van de volksgezondheid in dit gewest. De studie over het sanatorium heeft meer dan lokale betekenis gekregen.
Enige aanduidingen omtrent de bevolkingsontwikkeling van de 17e tot het einde van de 18e eeuw in het gebied van de huidige provincie Nederlands Limburg
Authors: Philips J.F.R. (Rudolf)
Published: January 2023

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Ir Cornelis Lely en zijn betekenis voor de Nederlandse mijnbouwpolitiek in Limburg
Authors: Raedts C.E.P.M.
Published: January 2023

Dit jaar zal het 75 jaar geleden zijn, dat de wet op de staatsexploitatie van de steenkolenmijnen in Nederland werd afgekondigd. De indiening van deze wet had plaats onder Minister Ir C. Lely, die een open oog had voor de nationale belangen van een eigen Nederiandse mijnbouw en daarvan ook in latere jaren blijk gaf.  C. E. P. M. Raedts heeft aan de betekenis van deze figuur een uitgebreid artikel gewijd, dat wederom een boeiende episode behandelt uit de geschiedenis van onze mijnindustrie.
Inventaris van het archief van de N.V. Carisborg, voorheen de N.V. Maatschappij tot exploitatie van bruinkolenvelden Carisborg te Rotterdam
Authors: Mes W.A.A. (Wim)
Published: January 2023

De door W. A. A. Mes, archivaris van het Sociaal Historisch Centrum, samengestelde inventaris van het archief van de Bruinkoolgroeve Carisborg zal nieuwe impulsen geven aan de studie van de contemporaine sociale en economische geschiedenis van Limburg.
Inventaris van het archief van Henri de Beaumont's metaalindustrie N.V. en voorgangers, gevestigd te Maastricht
Authors: Mes W.A.A. (Wim)
Published: January 2023

In dit deel van de Studies over de sociaal-economische geschiedenis van Limburg wordt voorts een inventaris gepubliceerd van het archief van Henri de Beaumont's Metaalindustrie N.V. te Maastricht. Deze inventaris is samengesteld door de heer W. A. A. Mes. In archieven van kleine en middelgrote bedrijven, die vaak een eenhoofdige directie hebben gehad, ontbreken veelal de beleidsstukken om de eenvoudige reden dat het niet nodig was het beleid op papier te formuleren. In een ander artikel in dit jaarboek, geeft voormalig directeur J.M.L.A. de Beaumont een toelichting die als inleiding op dit archief gelezen kan worden.