bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Synthesis Method, Characterization and Bioactivities of a Copper(Ⅱ)-Hesperetin Complex Using Ion Exchange Column
Authors: Huan Wang Huan Wang , Boru Chen and Siming Zhu Boru Chen and Siming Zhu
Published: November 2021

A copper(Ⅱ)-hesperetin complex formulated as [Cu(L)2(H2O)2]and#183;H2O (andquot;Landquot; represented the ligand hesperetin) was synthesized using a novel ion-exchanging resin column method, based on the integration of the separation of hesperetin on hesperetin-loaded resins and the reaction of hesperetin with Cu2+ using CuCl2 as an eluent and reacting reagent. The feasibility of this new method was testified firstly. Results indicated the D296 macroporous strong basic anion exchange resin could effectively adsorb hesperetin and the saturated adsorption capacity was 143.5 mg per mL resin. The favorable concentration of CuCl2 was 0.4 mol/L for the elution and the coordination process of hesperetin. The characterization of the copper(Ⅱ) complex was done by theoretical quantum chemical calculation, elemental and thermal analyses, UV-Vis absorption spectra, FTIR spectra and XRD analysis, results testified that the 4-carbonyl group and 5-hydroxyl group of hesperetin were involved in the coordination reaction. The comparison between hesperetin and its copper(Ⅱ) complex about their bioactivities like the inhibitory effect of α-amylase, antioxidant activities and solubility were evaluated. Results showed the bioactivities of the copper(Ⅱ) complex was better than that of hesperetin.
Recent Development of Enhanced Polymeric Blend Membranes in Gas Separation: A Review
Authors: Asim Mushtaq Asim Mushtaq , Hilmi Mukhtar and Azmi Mohd Shariff Hilmi Mukhtar and Azmi Mohd Shariff
Published: November 2021

Natural gas is the most rapid growing energy sources around the world. The presence of CO2 in natural gas lowers its calorific value and purification of a natural gas by removing CO2 is an essential process to increase its value. Several separation technologies are used to remove acidic gases like H2S and CO2 from natural gas. Among these technologies, membrane process is a feasible energy saving alternate to CO2 capture. The three types of membrane include polymeric, inorganic and mixed matrix membranes. Currently, polymer membranes and inorganic membranes were considered for gas separation, but inorganic membranes are too costly. Even mixed matrix membrane performance suffered defects caused by poor glassy polymer and particle interactions. Pure glassy and pure rubbery are problematic due to their instructive properties. The blending of glassy with rubbery polymers improve membrane properties for gas separation. To enhance the compatibility of the polymer blend, a third component is added such as alkanol amines. Although, the enhanced polymeric blend membranes have many advantages in terms of permeance, selectivity, thermal and chemical stability. Polymer blending also offers an effective technique to synthesize membranes with desirable properties.
Rapid and Sensitive Bioanalytical Method Development and Validation for Quantification of Metoprolol Using LC-MS/MS in Human Plasma
Authors: Beludari Mohammed Ishaq Beludari Mohammed Ishaq , Lingareddygari Siva Sanker Reddy Lingareddygari Siva Sanker Reddy , Gajula Mahaboob Basha Gajula Mahaboob Basha , Munna Sreenivasulu Munna Sreenivasulu , Challa Madhusudhana Chetty and Hindustan Abdul Ahad Challa Madhusudhana Chetty and Hindustan Abdul Ahad
Published: November 2021

A novel, accurate, simple and selective LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of metoprolol in human plasma. Due to structural resemblance Propranolol was selected as internal standard. Anti coagulant used was K2 EDTA. Metoprolol, used in the therapy and management of hypertension, myocardial infraction and other cardio vascular diseases. Liquid – liquid extraction technique with tert-butyl methyl ether was applied for the extraction of analyte from human plasma. Kromasil C18 column (5and#181;, 100 and#215; 4.6 mm) with an isocratic mobile phase of 5mM Ammonium Formate pH 3.5 and Acetonitrile (15:85 % V/V) was used for the resolution. Sample ionization was done with Electrospray ionization technique in positive ion mode. Selectivity was enhanced by tandem mass spectrometric analysis via two multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions, m/z 268.15→115.90 for metoprolol and 260.17→115.90 for Propranolol respectively. The linearity of the method was established over a concentration range of 1.505 – 538.254 ng/mL, in human plasma, with the precision and accuracy ranging from 4.67 to 7.41% and 90.66 to 98.15% respectively. The stability of the analyte was evaluated in plasma under different storage conditions.
Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of IM-5 Zeolite as Naphtha Cracking Catalyst for Light Olefins: A Review
Authors: Rabeeah Taj Rabeeah Taj , Erum Pervaiz Erum Pervaiz , Arshad Hussain Arshad Hussain
Published: November 2021

Light olefins are the backbone of modern industrialization. Olefins are used as feedstock for production of various industrial products such as synthetic fibers, construction materials, textiles, rubber and other chemicals in the petrochemical industry. For more than a half-century, steam/thermal hydrocarbon cracking is considered as the main route and conventional process for light olefins yield. Few drawbacks of conventional steam cracking such as extensive energy consumption, requirements of high temperature and pressure conditions, the difficult selectivity of particular light olefins and excess emission of CO2 relate to this technology, which cannot accommodate further needs regarding the chemical process industry. Steam cracking also poses a threat to uncontrolled heat. Catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons is highly appreciated as it is a less energy consuming (low temperature and pressure conditions) and an environment-friendly process for light olefins production. Catalytic cracking has been under consideration as a favorable alternative but still depends upon catalyst, its activity, and selectivity for a particular product. Catalytic cracking is quite beneficial for industrial scale. The present proficiency of refining and petro-chemistry to a great extent is based on highly active, selective, and durable catalysts. Various catalysts possess compositional diversity, surface area, and surface energy and hence provide a different pathway for the reaction to occur. Petroleum-extracted naphtha cracking technique now a days is the main process for light olefins yield. This review highlights the use of IM-5 zeoliteas an emerging catalyst for naphtha cracking process as compared to conventional catalysts in the last few decades. Structure, synthesis techniques and catalytic activity of IM-5 zeolite is reviewed. Different zeolites which can be used in naphtha cracking reactor and their applications in the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons have been studied. This review provides a significant insight into catalytic activity comparison between conventional zeolites and IM-5 zeolite.
Design and Synthesis of 7-Azaindole Derivatives and Their Antitumor and Analgesic Activities
Authors: Xue Kun Liu Xue Kun Liu , Yan Qiu Wang Yan Qiu Wang , Tong Jian Zhao Tong Jian Zhao , Yuan Hua Lu Yuan Hua Lu , Jia Nan Zhao Jia Nan Zhao , Xiao Yu Geng Xiao Yu Geng , Jie Ma Jie Ma
Published: November 2021

To develop effective anti-tumor and analgesic drugs, a series of novel 7-azaindole derivatives were designed and synthesized through a four-step reaction. 18 target compounds were obtained and characterized through Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Their anti-proliferative activities and analgesic effect were evaluated. When the 1-position was a methylsulfonyl group and the 5-position was a nitro group, compound 4f demonstrated the best activity. Furthermore, there was a dramatic difference between the IC50 values of compound 4f in tumor and in healthy cell line. The IC50 values of compound 4f in MCF7 breast cancer cell line was 5.781 μmol/L and 8.077 μmol/L in HepG2 hepatoma carcinoma cell line, but more than 100 μmol/L in HL7702 liver cell line. Preliminary results showed that compounds 3a, 3g and 4i had significant analgesic effects in mice, which were stronger than aspirin. These compounds have good prospects for new drug development.
Green Synthesis, Characterization and Cytotoxic Activity of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Using Kaempferol-3′-sulfonate
Authors: Xin Bin Yang Xin Bin Yang , Chun Mei Wang Chun Mei Wang , Yu Huang Yu Huang
Published: November 2021

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by using water-soluble Kaempferol–3′–sulfonate acid sodium (KS) alone as the reducing agent. The UV-vis spectra confirmed the formation of the ks-AuNPs and ks-AgNPs which were stable for up to 3 months without any other stabilizing agents at room temperature. The TEM studies exhibited monodispersed and mainly spherical nanoparticles with the size in the range of 15-30 nm and 20-50 nm for ks-AuNPs and ks-AgNPs, respectively. The XRD revealed crystallinity of nanoparticles. The chemical state of Au and Ag on the surface of nanoparticles was analyzed by XPS. The FTIR analysis indicated that the hydroxyl of KS were responsible for the reduction of Au3+ and Ag+ to ks-AuNPs and ks-AgNPs, respectively. Cytotoxic activity of ks-AuNPs and ks-AgNPs on MCF-7 cells is higher than the KS.
A New Phloroglucinol Derivative from Syzygium brachyantherum
Authors: Meng Jia Li Meng Jia Li , Wen Xu Wen Xu , Feng Li Feng Li , Shao Hua Xu Shao Hua Xu , Yan Zhao Yan Zhao , Yi Kao Hu and Yong Zhao Yi Kao Hu and Yong Zhao
Published: November 2021

A new phloroglucinol derivative, (Z)-1-(2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy phenyl) -octadec-9-en-1-one (1), along with a known analogue, 1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-hexadecanone (2), were isolated from the leaves of Syzygium brachyantherum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of the spectroscopic data and comparison with the values reported. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of the constituents from S. brachyantherum.
The Difference of Serum Protein Transport between Echinosides and Verbascoside
Authors: Ming Guo Ming Guo , Xiaoxue Zhao Xiaoxue Zhao , Peter E Brodelius Peter E Brodelius , Ling Fang Ling Fang , Zhihong Sun and Rui Wang Zhihong Sun and Rui Wang
Published: November 2021

Verbascoside (VER) is the enzymatic hydrolysis product of echinacoside (ECH). The molecular structures of ECH and VER have different glucosyl groups so they bind to serum albumin in different ways, resulting in different pharmacological actions. In this report, we have examined the binding characteristics between human serum albumin (HSA) and ECH/VER by molecular modeling and spectroscopic approaches. Molecular modeling revealed that VER bound to HSA mainly through hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces and hydrophobic forces. The spectroscopic results showed that the interactions between HSA and VER/ECH involved a static binding process, and the bonding strength of the VER-HSA complex was stronger than that of the ECH-HSA complex. The value of the binding distances (r) was low, which indicated the occurrence of energy transfer. The reaction conformational pattern of HSA-VER and HSA-ECH gave a “two-state model” based on fluorescent phase diagram analysis. According to the thermodynamic model, the main forces between interaction of VER and HSA were hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, whereas the interaction between ECH and HSA was hydrophobic force. The fluorescence polarization analysis demonstrated that the interaction between HSA and VER or ECH generated a non-covalent complex. Compared with ECH, VER was more likely to bind with HSA because of its smaller molecular size and low polarity. The results of the spectral analysis concurred with the molecular modeling data, which provides a helpful reference for the study of the molecular reaction mechanism of VER/ECH binding to HSA.
Bibliometric Analysis of Adsorption Literatures: Contribution from Pakistan (1991-2017)
Authors: Amtul Qayoom Amtul Qayoom , Ming Huang Wang Ming Huang Wang , Saeeda Nadir Ali and Yuh Shan Ho Saeeda Nadir Ali and Yuh Shan Ho
Published: November 2021

In present work, adsorption related research contribution of Pakistani researchers from 1991 to 2017 have been analyzed by bibliometric methods. In total, 1,737 articles were selected through Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science) and statistical analysis of selected publications was conducted on the basis of four indicators such as total number of citations since publication to the end of the recent year, the number of citation of an article in recent year only, the total number of citations for an article in its publication year, and the total number of citations per year. A sharp increase in research output was observed after year 2000 which may be credited to reforms of Higher Education Commission in Pakistan. Though Pakistani researchers produced fewer review papers as compared to original research articles, reviews received three fold more citations. Almost 95% adsorption related articles from Pakistan have been published in low impact factor journals. Multidisciplinary chemistry journals published most of adsorption related Pakistani articles with maximum publications (10%) in Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan. Among various research institutes, University of Peshawar, Pakistan ranked first on the basis of total number of articles, first author articles, and corresponding author articles. Six most highly cited publications belonged to Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR). Number of international collaborative publications increased since 1991 to 2017 and resulted in their ratio being higher as compared to single institutional or nationally collaborative publications. The main focus of adsorption related literature from Pakistan since 1991 to 2017 was removal of metallic or dye contaminants from water and/or industrial effluents.
Unique Trinuclear Ag(I)-N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Complex having Three Silver Centers: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Aqsa Habib Aqsa Habib , Haq Nawaz Bhatti Haq Nawaz Bhatti , Muhammad Adnan Iqbal and Muhammad Shahid Muhammad Adnan Iqbal and Muhammad Shahid
Published: November 2021

The employment of carbene salts to facilitate metal-metal interactions is becoming a more pronounced zone of interest due to their efficient sigma electron donor features, facile synthesis protocols and their ability to develop strong ligand-metal interactions which may further be attributed to their flat steric factors. The research work discussed in this article was conducted to achieve this goal. Herein we report the synthesis of a novel trinuclear silver complex by a new approach. An imidazolium salt 2 was synthesized by in situ deprotonation and its trinuclear silver(I) complex 3 was synthesized by using initially controlled excess of precursor in order to understand the effect of excess of the selected reactant on complex formation. Both the ligand and complex were characterized by physico-chemical techniques. The results revealed the final product obtained was a trinuclear complex 3 having a core of three silver centres in a row, with the two distal silver ions bound to two carbene ligands and central one was bound by nitrogen of N-methyl imidazole. ESI-MS spectrum of compound 3 indicated that the complex chooses trinuclear structure in a solid and liquid state while in gas phase it appears as a mononuclear unit.
New Synthesis of Solid-Solution Lead Hydroxyapatite (PbHAP) by Ceramic and Semi-Ceramic Methods
Authors: Mohammed A B Abdul jabar and Ignatov A V Mohammed A B Abdul jabar and Ignatov A V
Published: November 2021

The synthesis of solid solutions lead hydroxyapatite, Pb10(PO4)6*y(OH)2, were successfully synthesized by solid-state reaction (ceramic method) (y= 0.95; 0.96; 0.97; 0.98; 0.99 and 1.00) and precipitation (semi ceramic method) (y= 0.97; 0.98; 0.99 and 1.00) methods at 800 and#186;C for 50 hours. The X-ray powder diffraction (DRON-3m diffractometer), electron microscopy scanning (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray micro-analysis which characterized all samples. It has been established that Pb10(PO4)5.82(OH)2 and Pb10(PO4)5.88(OH)2 are the best synthesis for lead hydroxyapatite in the solid-state reaction method, and Pb10(PO4)5.88(OH)2 is the precipitation method.
Dielectric Properties of MWNTs/HDPE Composites in Terahertz Region Studied with Reverse Effective Medium Approach
Authors: Wang Zhenqiang Wang Zhenqiang , Chen Xiliang Chen Xiliang , Liu Wei Liu Wei
Published: November 2021

Optical properties of composites MWNTs/HDPE were explored by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). It was found that with the increasing of frequency from 0.4 to 2 THz the absorption coefficient increases gradually whereas the refractive index decreases. Furthermore, composites with thick MWNTs possesses larger absorption coefficient and index of refraction compared to that with the thin MWNTs at the same concentration. The dielectric properties of the MWNTs were extracted with reverse effective medium approach (REMA) from that of the composites. The results of the absorption coefficient and refractive index for MWNTs calculated from different concentrations coincides well with each other. The extracted results were then analyzed with the Drude model combined with a localized Lorentz absorption.
Development and Validation of Novel GC-FID Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Paracetamol and Caffeine in Formulations
Authors: Imtiaz Hussain Imtiaz Hussain , Yawar Baig Yawar Baig , Sara Naveed Sara Naveed , Muhammad Imran Khan Muhammad Imran Khan , Hafiz Shoaib Sarwar Hafiz Shoaib Sarwar , Asad Ullah Madni and Muhammad Farhan Sohail Asad Ullah Madni and Muhammad Farhan Sohail
Published: November 2021

The advancements in analytical techniques have enabled the development of highly sensitive and accurate methods for the identification of materials up to trace levels using microliter of sample. A highly sensitive and novel GC-FID method has been developed and reported herein for the simultaneous quantification of paracetamol (PCM) and caffeine (CAF) in samples up to trace levels. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines for its sensitivity, linearity, robustness, inter and intra-day variations, limit of quantification (LOQ), limit of detection (LOD), matrix effect, carryover, precision, and accuracy. The LOD of PCM and CAF were determined to be 100 ppm and 10 ppm whereas, LOQ of PCM and CAF were found to be 300 and 30 ppm respectively. The method was applied to quantify PCM and CAF in marketed tablets and dissolution samples of the tablets, which showed highly precise and accurate quantification of PCM and CAF. Moreover, the GC-FID method was compared with reported HPLC method which suggested the superiority of GC-FID method in performance and sensitivity. In short, the newly developed GC-FID method showed sensitivity and selectivity for PCM and CAF estimation and can be adopted as an efficient method for various applications.
Synthesis of Nʹ-Nicotinoyl Sulfonohydrazides and their Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Zarina Arshad Zarina Arshad , Sumayya Saied Sumayya Saied , Basharat Ali Basharat Ali , Uzma Salar Uzma Salar , Saima Tauseef Saima Tauseef , Arshia Arshia , Munazza Ajaz Munazza Ajaz , Uroosa Khan Uroosa Khan , Syed Moazzam Haider Syed Moazzam Haider , Muhammad Taha Muhammad Taha , Khalid Mohammed Khan Khalid Mohammed Khan
Published: November 2021

Nʹ-Nicotinoyl sulfonohydrazide derivatives 3-13 were synthesized from nicotinyl hydrazide and evaluated for their antimicrobial potential against Gram positive bacterial strains (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Staphylococcus fecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)) and Gram negative bacterial strains (Escherichia.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella ParatyphiB, Salmonella tyhpi). Compound 13 showed outstanding antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus fecalis and compounds 7 and 13 were found to be moderately activite against Salmonella Paratyphi B, shown by their zone of inhibition values. In addition to that compond 9 also showed moderate activity against Escherichia coli. All derivatives 3-13 were also subjected for the evaluation of their antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Microsporum canin, Rhizopus, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, and Candida tropicalis. Compound 13 showed promising antifungal activity against Rhizopus sp. and compounds 9 and 10 showed moderate antifungal potential against Microsporum canis, Aspergillus niger, and Candida tropicalis. Other molecules demonstrated weak zone of inhibitions.
Synthesis of Nitro- and Aminoisoflavones and their Effects on the Proliferation of Endothelial Cells
Authors: Nawaf Al Maharik Nawaf Al Maharik , Nidal Jaradat Nidal Jaradat , Adel Hidmi Adel Hidmi
Published: November 2021

The new nitroisofalvones 2a-k were synthesized via nitration of the corresponding isoflavones 1a-f using NH4NO3/TFAA in acetonitrile. The aminoisoflavones 3a-g, also new, were produced by selective reduction of the corresponding nitroisoflavones with SnCl2.2H2O. The nitro- and aminoisoflavones, tested in vitro concerning their effects on the proliferation of endothelial cells showed modest activities. All the new products are fully characterized and the nitro compounds analyzed thoroughly by NMR to allow complete assignment of the proton and carbon resonance and to establish the orientation of nitration.
Purification and Thermodynamic Characteristics of an Exo-Polygalacturonase from Trichoderma Pseudokoningii
Authors: Wesam H Abdulaal and Yaaser Q Almulaiky Wesam H Abdulaal and Yaaser Q Almulaiky
Published: November 2021

Polygalacturonases (PGs) are necessary to degrade the insoluble viscous pectin components during the clarification process of fruit juice and are produced by some plants and various microbes, such as bacteria, yeasts and fungi. In this study, an exo-polygalacturonase (exo-PGP4a) was purified from T. Pseudokoningii using DEAE-Sepharose and Sephacryl S-200 columns. We show that the enzyme produced in this study by solid-state fermentation of citrus Orange peel was purified 20-fold with 12.8% recovery. The apparent molecular mass of the enzyme was determined to be 25 kDa using gel filtration and SDS-PAGE. The optimum temperature and pH of the exo-PGP4a were 45and#176;C and 6, respectively. The exo-PGP4a showed half-lives of 50.95 and 21.32 min at 55 and 75and#176;C, respectively. The activation energy for denaturation (Ea*) was 42.596 kJ/mol. The Km value of the enzyme for PGA hydrolysis was 2 mg/ml, and the Vmax was 3.27 and#181;mol min-1 mg-1. Several metal cations, such as Cu2+and Zn2+, were found to enhance the enzymatic activity of the exo-PGP4a, while Pb2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Co2+ and Hg2+ ions were found to be inhibitory. In this study, we suggest the exo-polygalacturonase has potential role of the clarification of Orange, Apple, Grape, and Peach juices in the food industry.
Impact of Anionic Dopant Precursor on Nanostructured ZnO thin Films Surface Morphologies
Authors: Arshid Mahmood Ali Arshid Mahmood Ali , Aishah Mahpudz Aishah Mahpudz , Usman Saeed Usman Saeed , Sami U Rather Sami U Rather , Ayyaz M Nawaz Javaid A and Hui Zhang Ayyaz M Nawaz Javaid A and Hui Zhang
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of an anionic precursor [N2 gas and triethyleneamine (TEA) as nitrogen dopant source] to prepare anionic doped ZnO thin films surface morphologies, via a novel route - hydrothermal solution deposition at low temperature. The effect of dopant concentration under both with and without pH control was studied. The less populated doped ZnO crystal nearly had the same band gap as compared to undoped ZnO thin films. The photocatalytic activity of selected doped ZnO thin films were studied for the degrdation of 10 mg L-1 Methylene Blue under UV irradiation of 254nm. Based on the 1st order reaction rate constant results the morphology N2:S2-MS has shown highest degradation followed by N:S1-MS. Overall, the photocatalytic activity order is N2:S2-MS andgt; N:S1-MS andgt; N:S2-CG andgt; N:S1-CG. In general, a significant variation in surface morphologies, crystal size and population, porosity and orientation were observed. This tailored-made variation enabled the doped ZnO thin films to successfully degrade the waste methylene blue effluents.
Synthesis, Spectral, Thermal and DPPH Scavenging Studies of the Hydrazone Derived Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Muhammad Ikram Muhammad Ikram , Sadia Rehman Sadia Rehman , Muhammad Ayaz Muhammad Ayaz , Syed Muhammad Salman Syed Muhammad Salman , Farzia Farzia , Muhammad Imran Muhammad Imran , Mutasem Omar Sinnokrot Mutasem Omar Sinnokrot , Farman Ullah Farman Ullah , Bushra Khan Bushra Khan
Published: November 2021

Schiff base ligand 2,2-{benzene-1,4-diylbis[(E)methylylidene(1E,2E)hydrazine-2,1-diylidene(E)methylidene]}diphenol (H2-BHMD) was synthesized by reacting together the ortho vaniline and 1,4-bis(hydrazonomethyl)benzene. It was characterized by analytical and spectroscopic techniques including 1H-NMR, elemental analysis, FT-IR, and UV-Visible studies. Different transition metal ions like Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) and Zn (II) were reacted with well characterized ligand to obtain the metal derivatives. AAS, elemental analysis, FT-IR, molar conductance and UV-Visible methods were used to study the metal complexes. The analytical and spectroscopic technique suggested the formation of coordination polymers. The FT-IR results conﬁrmed the bidentate binding of the ligand involving phenolic oxygen and azomethine nitrogen. The UV-visible studies suggested the formation of distorted square planar geometries for all the metal complexes. Hydrazone Schiff bases are known for their antioxidant activity, therefore the synthesized hydrazone and the corresponding metal complexes were also studied for their antioxidant capabilities utilizing DPPH free radicals. Among all complexes, the Co-BHMD demonstrated noteworthy percent hindrance to the free radicals, yet much lower than the standard medication utilized. The metal subsidiaries were likewise studied for their thermal degradation. The respective TG bands were utilized for dynamic and thermodynamic parameters estimation utilizing Horowitz-Metzger strategy.
Molecular Imprinted Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite for Optical Sensing of Nicotine in Human Blood Plasma
Authors: Sehrish Qazi Sehrish Qazi , Huma Shaikh Huma Shaikh , Ayaz Ali Memon Ayaz Ali Memon , and Shahabuddin Memon and Shahabuddin Memon
Published: November 2021

Among all psychotropic alkaloids, nicotine is more addictive, carcinogenic and capable of causing many health problems. This work is based on the development of highly robust, cheap, reliable, selective and sensitive nicotine imprinted graphene oxide nanocomposite (ImpGO nanocomposite) based optical sensor for determination of nicotine in human plasma. The ImpGO nanocomposite has been thoroughly characterized using different techniques i.e. FT-IR, SEM, TEM, Raman, etc. These characterizations revealed that ImpGO nanocomposite is comprised of single layer of graphene oxide successfully modified with imprinted polymer. The synthesized material was utilized to selectively determine nicotine using UV-vis spectrophotometer in BR buffer of 0.1 M at pH 3 and diluted human plasma. The effect of parameters such as buffer concentration, pH, amount of nanocomposite, etc on determination of nicotine using ImpGO nanocomposite were studied thoroughly. Thus, a sensitive optical method was developed for determination of nicotine in human plasma with linear range of 22-370 pM along with LOD and LOQ of 7 pM and 22 pM, respectively. The selectivity of sensor was evaluated using homologues of nicotine such as nicotine amide, caffeine and cotinine. The results obtained from biological samples showed that developed optical sensor is efficient in complex matrices of real sample.
Cytotoxic Evaluation of Antioxidant and Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) Enriched Mango (Mangifera indica cv. Chaunsa) Mesocarp Extract on HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Zainab Khanum Zainab Khanum , Mart n E Tiznado Hern ndez Mart n E Tiznado Hern ndez , Arslan Ali Arslan Ali , Syed Ghulam Musharraf Syed Ghulam Musharraf , Rimsha Irshad Rimsha Irshad , Zubair Ahmad Nizamani and Ishtiaq Ahmad Khan Zubair Ahmad Nizamani and Ishtiaq Ahmad Khan
Published: November 2021

Mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. Chaunsa Sumer bahist) fruit is renowned for its flavor and aroma. Besides, it had been found to have large antioxidant content as well as anti-cancer and anti-diabetic properties. However, experiments to test both the antioxidant content and health benefits are still needed. Here, in the ripe mango mesocarp, we have measured the expression of 11 genes playing a role in flavor and aroma development. An up-regulation in expression of fructose-bisphosphate_aldolase (MiFBA6), glutamate decarboxylase (MiGAD), catalase (MiCAT1), glutathione-S-transferase (MiGSTF6) and nucleoredoxin (MiNRX1) genes was recorded. MiGAD gene expression indicated the presence of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolite in mesocarp tissue of Chaunsa mango. Metabolite profiling was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of five antioxidant compounds with known anticancer activities were characterized in mango mesocarp. It was found metabolites belong to various chemical groups such as: monoterpene alcohols, aroma volatiles, glycoside, monosaccharides, disaccharides, trisaccharides, oligosaccharides, sugar alcohols, sugar acids, essential oils, amino acids, ketone bodies, phytohormones and fatty acids. Seven antioxidant metabolites with known anticancer activities were characterized in mango mesocarp including: 3-hydroxybutyric acid, linalool, geraniol, erythritol, L-(+)-tartaric acid, myo-inositol and lactitol. A total of eight distinct aroma generating siloxanes were characterized in this cultivar. Positive antioxidant activity was also observed in the ethanolic extract of Chaunsa fruit pulp. Chemotherapeutic potential of phenolic compounds found in the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract on human breast cancer cell line AU565 was also investigated. The EtOAc extracts effectively suppressed adenocarcinoma growth indicating the anticancer potential of Chaunsa mango fruit.
Insights into the Photosensitive Activity of Monolayer HNb3O8 Nanosheets Under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Jinhua Xiong Jinhua Xiong , Jiahang Chen Jiahang Chen , Xueqing Shao Xueqing Shao , Xiuzhen Liu Xiuzhen Liu , Lingyan Fu Lingyan Fu
Published: November 2021

Monolayer HNb3O8 nanosheets, as a platform, were prepared for investigating the mechanism of photosensitized degradation of RhB. We found that RhB molecules were capable to absorb on HNb3O8 nanosheets via a strong interaction between the –N(Et)2 group in RhB molecules and surface Lewis acid sites on HNb3O8 nanosheets, contribution to an easier oxidation of RhB molecules. Thanks to the suitable conduction band of HNb3O8 nanosheets, electrons transferred from excited RhB to HNb3O8 nanosheets effectively and reduced the dissolved O2 in the reaction solution into O2-• immediately, resulting in the efficient photosensitized degradation of RhB.
Synthesis and Characterization of WO3and#183;0.33H2O/Ag2MoO4 Composites as a Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalyst for Rhodamine B and Levofloxacin Degradation
Authors: Yun Xuan Fu Yun Xuan Fu , Yan Li Yan Li , Tian Long Chang Tian Long Chang , Xu Tao Liu Xu Tao Liu , Xiang Feng Wu Xiang Feng Wu , Jia Rui Zhang Hui Wang and Xiao Ye Ma Jia Rui Zhang Hui Wang and Xiao Ye Ma
Published: November 2021

Visible-light-driven WO3and#183;0.33H2O/Ag2MoO4 composites have been prepared by using an in-situ growth of Ag2MoO4 nanoparticles on the surfaces of WO3and#183;0.33H2O. The photocatalytic activities of the samples were studied by degradation of rhodamine B and levofloxacin dilute solution. The synergistic photocatalytic mechanism was also analyzed. Experimental results reveal that the as-developed hybrids have higher photocatalytic activity than pure samples. When the theoretical molar ratio of WO3and#183;0.33H2O to Na2MoO4and#183;2H2O is 1:0.15, the as-developed hybrids have the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 99.0% for rhodamine B in 45 min and 40.9% for levofloxacin in 120 min. Furthermore, there are chemical bonds between WO3and#183;0.33H2O and Ag2MoO4. In addition, the super oxide radicals play the leading role during the photocatalytic degradation process of the samples. This work will provide reference for treatment of organic dyes and antibiotics pollution in water with using solar energy.
Oral Administration of Rauwolfia Serpentina Plant Extract Mitigated Immobilization Stress-Induced Biochemical and Behavioral Deficits in Rats
Authors: Erum Shireen Erum Shireen , Wafa Binte Ali Wafa Binte Ali , Maria Masroor Maria Masroor , Shamim A Qureshi Shamim A Qureshi , Sehrish Kiran Sehrish Kiran , Nida Memon Nida Memon , Nashran Junaid Nashran Junaid , Muhammad Mansoor Hai and Darakhshan J Haleem Muhammad Mansoor Hai and Darakhshan J Haleem
Published: November 2021

Rauwolfia Serpentina is a medicinal herb used for hypertension and psychotic disorders. In this study neuroprotective effects of Rauwolfia serpentina plant extract following the exposure to acute immobilization (2h) stress in rats were investigated. The extract of the plant administered orally at non-sedative dose 30mg/kg before immobilization (2h) to observe stress induced behavioral deficits. Neuroprotective efficacy of extract was assessed in terms of alteration in activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). We also monitored leptin, corticosterone and glucose levels in plasma to obtain an imminent role of Rauwolfia serpentina. Animals were orally administered with Rauwolfia serpentina (30mg/kg) while controls receive saline (1ml/kg). Each group was subdivided into stressed and unstressed groups. Behavioral deficits were monitored in the open field and light dark activity box. Animals were decapitated; plasma samples were collected for CAT, SOD, corticosterone, leptin and glucose estimation. Orally administered Rauwolfia serpentina attenuates stress induced behavioral deficits and rise antioxidant enzymes levels. Plant extract also prevents the stress-induced increase in corticosterone but glucose levels do not manifest any significant change. Immobilization stress (2h) induced decrease of plasma leptin levels were reversed by Rauwolfia serpentina. Therefore, the present study suggests that Rauwolfia serpentina has potentiality to antagonize undesirable effects of immobilization stress (2h) by reducing stress perception and inhibitory effects of stress on the activity of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and animal behaviors. Despite an apparent role of Rauwolfia serpentina the mechanism of action at molecular level causing the acute anxiolytic effects of oral administration of plant extract remains to be determined.
USE OF ENHANCED FEEDBACK IN AN ELECTRONIC LEARNING COURSE “FUNDAMENTALS OF MOLECULAR PHYSICS AND THERMODYNAMICS”
Authors: OREKHOVA Yelena Yurievna , SYSOEV Sergey Mickhailovich , ALEKSEEV Maxim Mikhailovich
Published: November 2021

Background: Being an essential part of the educational process, blended learning still faces some problems concerning the interaction between teachers and students. They include a decrease in the level of knowledge and in the number of graduates as students experience a lack of live communication with the teacher, lack of sufficient experience of independent work, lack of interactive assessment. Aim: This study aimed to elaborate the model of enhanced feedback in an e-learning course, “Fundamentals of Molecular Physics and Thermodynamics,” to increase student educational achievements. Methods: The effectiveness of the model of enhanced feedback in the learning process was measured with the methodology for calculating statistical indicators of the quality of education: knowledge quality, level of student proficiency, progress, and average grade. To measure the emotional and evaluative attitude of students to educational activities and interaction with the teacher in an electronic course, a test-questionnaire satisfaction with learning activity was employed. Results and Discussion: the results of the initial and final control of the statistical indicators of the quality of education including knowledge quality, level of student proficiency, progress, and average grade in students showed a significant difference between the control and the experimental groups. At the end of the semester, the difference in knowledge quality was 23%, student proficiency level – 13%, progress – 3.5%, average grade – 0.6 scores. The analysis of student satisfaction with the learning process also confirms an increase in satisfaction with the learning process and with the interaction with the lecturer. Thus, the experimental methodology contributes to a significant improvement in the learning process results. Conclusions: The experiment demonstrated that replacing formative assessment with the model of enhanced feedback raises student educational achievements and compensates for lack of live communication with the teacher.
Effect of Health Risk Reduction Intervention Training Program on Waste Pickers’ Knowledge and Waste Handling Practices in Dump Sites in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: A. Tella , A.M. Amosu
Published: November 2021

Objective: This study assessed the effect of health risk reduction training program on waste pickers’ waste handling practices in dump sites in Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among 60 waste pickers recruited by multistage sampling technique divided into intervention and control groups. There was a baseline assessment of waste handling practices in both the intervention and control groups using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Thereafter, health risk reduction training was given via lectures and demonstrations. Three months after the intervention, another assessment of the same waste pickers was conducted with the same instrument. Waste handling practices and knowledge responses were measured on a 54-point rating scale and a 17-point rating scale respectively. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23 to generate descriptive and inferential results. Results: At the baseline, the waste pickers in the control group had a mean waste handling score of 17.80±6.89 while the experimental group had a mean score of 17.97±5.47. After the training program, there was a statistically significant increase in the mean waste handling score of the experimental group (47.30±3.28; p = 0.000) while there was no increase in the mean waste handling score of the control group (17.80±6.89). This significant increase in the mean waste handling score of the experimental group (53.83±0.38; p = 0.000) was also observed in a 3 month follow-up period. Conclusion/Recommendation: The health risk reduction training was effective in improving the waste handling practices of waste pickers. It is recommended that waste pickers should be trained on proper waste handling by the government.
Effect of Peer-Led and Teacher-Led Educational Interventions on Depression-Related Knowledge Among in-School Adolescents in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: C.A. Uzoechi , A.M. Amosu
Published: November 2021

The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of peer-led and teacher-led educational interventions on depression-related knowledge among in-school adolescents in Ogun State, Nigeria. The study utilized a quasi-experimental design comprising one control group and three experimental groups. The population of the study was 120 in-school adolescents selected using the multistage sampling technique. A validated semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The findings revealed that the adolescents’ level of depression knowledge had a significant increase after the intervention. The teacher-led group had greater knowledge scores (mean difference = 14.87; effect size = 5.222; t = 19.943; p = 0.000). In conclusion, the teacher-led educational intervention was very effective in improving the level of adolescents’ depression knowledge in Ogun State. It is recommended that teachers are empowered in the country to be able to provide adolescents with the necessary support in which they play the role of mentors in schools.
The Reconstruction of NATO in the Post Trump Era
Authors: Moses Ige Kehinde
Published: November 2021

The complexities inherent in the process of reconstruction is one that cannot be overemphasized, most importantly, the need to reconstruct NATO in the post Trump era. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was established in 1949 with the aim of providing collective security against threats and ideological conflicts posed by the Soviet Union. The United States of America has since then played strategic, pivotal and leadership roles for the sustainability of NATO. The organization's essential purpose is to safeguard the liberty and security of all its members by both political and military endeavors. Collective defense and security heart is the alliance, as well as the need to foster unity, solidarity and cohesion amongst member states. This paper, hinged on historical and analytical approaches, examines the essence of NATO from a historical perspective, and proper solutions as regards the reconstruction of NATO in the post Trump era. Evidently, realities on ground show the need to reconcile alongside member states, the vision and purpose of NATO in the 21st Century.
Pemanfaatan Film Animasi 3D dalam Pembelajaran Menggambar Ilustrasi di Kelas VIIIC SMP Negeri 9 Kota Mojokerto Tahun Pelajaran 2017-2018
Authors: Sriati Sriati
Published: November 2021

Keterampilan menggambar ilustrasi siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 9 Kota Mojokerto masih rendah. Peneliti merumuskan pembelajaran menggambar ilustrasi dengan pemanfaatan film animasi 3D sebagai cara untuk meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam menggambar ilustrasi. Permasalahan yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Bagaimana proses pembelajaran menggambar ilustrasi melalui pemanfaatan film animasi 3D pada siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 9 Kota Mojokerto? (2) Apakah pembelajaran menggambar ilustrasi melalui pemanfaatan film animasi 3D dapat meningkatkan kemampuan hasil belajar pada siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 9 Kota Mojokerto?

Desain penelitian adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Tindakan yang dilakukan dua siklus. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 9 Kota Mojokerto. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, tes praktik dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan kemampuan dalam menggambar ilustrasi melalui pemanfaatan film animasi 3D. Peningkatan tersebut diperoleh berdasarkan tiga aspek penilaian menggambar ilustrasi, yaitu aspek: (1) proses terdiri dari Pembuatan sket dan pewarnaan, (2) Teknik terdiri dari penggunaan alat dan bahan serta pendekatan, (3) hasil terdiri dari Kelancaran dan keluwesan garis, mengembangkan imajinasi, kualitas visual karya serta keaslian dan kebaruan ide. Hasilnya dapat diketahui bahwa rata-rata nilai siswa pada kondisi prasiklus sebesar 68 meningkat menjadi 69 pada siklus I, dan meningkat lagi menjadi 78 pada siklus II. Adapun besarnya selisih peningkatan dari kondisi awal ke siklus I sebesar 1, dari siklus I ke siklus II sebesar 9, dan dari kondisi awal ke siklus II sebesar 10.

Saran yang dapat diajukan adalah sebagai berikut: guru hendaknya dapat memanfaatkan dan menggunakan media seperti film animasi 3D dalam pembelajaran, yang dikembangkan sesuai dengan karakteristik dan kemampuan siswa dalam belajar. Selain itu praktisi pendidikan seni perlu melakukan penelitian serupa dengan mengembangkan pemanfaatan media lain yang lebih menarik, untuk memperkaya inovasi dalam pembelajaran.
Kreativitas Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Open-Eded menggunakan Pendekatan Ethnomatematika Dimasa Pandemi
Authors: Rosy Nisak Nirmala
Published: November 2021

Masa pandemi ini pemeritah membuat kebijakan untuk melakukan pembelajaran dirumah masing-masing siswa. Pembelajaran ini terkenal dengan pembelajaran sistem daring. Salah satu efek dari pembelajaran daring yaitu menurunkan minat siswa dalam belajar. Sehingga peneliti menggunakan soal yang menarik siswa yaitu dengan pendekatan ethnomatematika. Ethnomatematika mengandung soal yang berkaitan dengan budaya sekitar. Soal open-ended dengan pendekatan ethnomatematika berhasil menarik minat siswa untuk mengerjakan dan lebih memahami konsep lingkaran. Dari uji soal dan wawancara keseluruhan siswa dapat memahami soal dengan baik dan menghubungkan jawaban kedalam konsep lingkaran dengan tepat. Secara keseluruhan siswa dapat menyelesaikan persamaan lingkaran dan garis singgung lingkaran.  Hanya satu siswa yang tidak meragukan dalam menyelesaikan garis singgung lingkaran dengan pusat (a,b). Jawaban yang diberikan dihubungkan dengan konsep ingkaran dengan sangat baik. Siswa juga dapat  memunculkan ide-ide baru untuk mendaatkan jawaban lebih banyak.
The Effects of Situational Teaching, Cooperative Learning, and Self-directed Learning on Mathematical Learning Abilities in China
Authors: Lei Chen , Razali Fazilah
Published: November 2021

The junior high school stage is a significant stage of education because students thinking skills develop the fastest in junior middle school. In addition, the quality of junior high school education impacts the students learning ability, especially in mathematics, and the teaching methods also play a key role in students' mathematical learning ability. Therefore, this research explores the impact of problem-based learning on junior high school students’ mathematical learning ability, and studies their impact on students’ mathematical learning ability from the core principles of problem-based learning, including learning situations, cooperative learning, and self-directed learning. A total of 240 students from Meixi Lake Changjun Middle School participated in this research based on quantitative research methods collected of such as the "Mathematical Ability Scale" and other questionnaires. The correlation analysis revealed that situational teaching, self-directed learning and cooperative learning have a moderately positive correlation with students’ mathematical abilities. In this study, an independent sample t-test analyzed the significant correlation between gender and mathematical learning abilities. This research aims to find better learning methods to improve the mathematical learning abilities of Chinese junior high school students and their performance in mathematics subjects.
Effects of Post-Activation Potentiation (PAP) Warm-up on Vertical Jump Performance among Volleyball Players
Authors: Ling Diong Zhi , Soon Chee Chen , Norjali Wazir Mohd Rozilee Wazir , Yee Kok Lian
Published: November 2021

This study aims to examine the effects of resistance versus complex exercise with the retention of post-activation potentiation (PAP) on vertical jump among volleyball players. A total of 30 volleyball players (mean age = 16.5 ± 1.106 years old) were recruited as participants of this study. The participants were requested to attend two different testing sessions, with two days between each session. Each session had a different exercise routine, namely, resistance and complex. A one-way repeated measure was used to analyse the performance of the vertical jump, while a pairwise comparison was applied to compare the retention of PAP between the resistance and complex exercises. The findings show that there is a significant interaction for both warm-up exercises; [(F(1,29)=1275.57, p=0.000] for resistance exercise and [(F(1,29) = 1456.83, p= 0.000] for complex exercise. The retention analysis for PAP effect also indicates that there is a significant difference between the two warm-up activities in vertical jump performance. In conclusion, this study reveals that both exercises managed to increase PAP among volleyball players. However, complex exercise is suggested to be combined with the warm-up method as it can maintain a longer retention than resistance exercise.