bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infection after Constrained Condylar Knee Arthroplasty: Incidence and microbiological findings in 100 consecutive complex primary and revision total knee arthroplasties
Authors: Westberg Marianne , Grøgaard Bjarne , Snorrason Finnur
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Background: To report incidence, microbiological findings, and treatment outcome of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) after constrained condylar knee arthroplasty.Methods: Retrospective study of 100 consecutive complex primary and revision total knee arthroplasties operated with constrained condylar knee arthroplasties between February 2006 and October 2015 at a single institution. Demographic and surgical data were registered, as well as data regarding infection, microbiology and treatment. Follow-up median 43 months; SD 32.Results: The overall incidence of acute postoperative PJI was low (3/100). 1/33 (3%), 1/ 45 (2%), and 1/22 (5%), following primary complex TKA, aseptic revisions, and septic revisions, respectively. The incidence of late acute hematogenous PJI was 5/100. 1/33 (3%),1/45 (2%), and 3/22 (14%) following primary complex TKA, aseptic revisions, and septic revisions, respectively. Late acute hematogenous infections were associated with a lower success rate of treatment with debridement and implant retention compared with acute postoperative PJIs, 1/5 versus 2/3.Conclusion: The risk of late acute hematogenous infections seems increased. Multiple previous surgery, poor soft tissue, and large metal implants may contribute to an increased lifelong susceptibility for bacteremias to cause PJIs.
L’information et l’imagination créatrice
Authors: Foskett David J.
Published: January 2019

S’il utilise l’informatique en évitant toute dépendance excessive, le bibliothécaire sera libéré des tâches répétitives et pourra se consacrer à une meilleure diffusion de la connaissance. L’auteur explore la nature de l’imagination créatrice et l’approche scientifique en rapport avec le rôle de la bibliothèque.
Le contrôle d’autorité : implications sur les réseaux de catalogage
Authors: Rochefort Alain
Published: January 2019

L’auteur discute des implications du contrôle d’autorité sur les réseaux de catalogage. Dans un premier temps, il définit cette pratique du traitement descriptif et présente les raisons pour lesquelles elle est effectuée. Les conditions que doivent remplir les bibliothèques pour participer à un réseau de catalogage sont ensuite examinées et les coûts et les bénéfices d’une telle participation analysés.
Les perspectives d’emploi pour les jeunes bibliothécaires
Authors: Mercure Gérard
Published: January 2019

À partir de données statistiques et d’un sondage dans trois écoles de bibliothéconomie canadiennes dont deux du Québec, un tableau descriptif de l’emploi chez les jeunes bibliothécaires est esquissé. La recherche d’un premier travail, la situation du marché traditionnel des bibliothèques et d’un marché en émergence de l’industrie de l’information sont les thèmes abordés. Le tableau est complété par des éléments de comparaison avec les conditions du marché pour les finissants d’autres disciplines.
Jeunes néo-québécois et lecture
Authors: Roy Hélène
Published: January 2019

À partir de données cueillies et élaborées grâce à la collaboration des élèves de l’École Enfant-Soleil de Saint-Laurent, une ville comptant une quarantaine de groupes ethniques, l’auteur identifie les goûts littéraires des jeunes néo-québécois, mesure leurs besoins et leurs attentes et les compare à ceux des enfants d’origine québécoise et canadienne.
Le système vidéotex canadien Télidon
Authors: Healy Edith
Published: January 2019

Télidon réunit les caractéristiques d’un système de télétexte et de vidéotex. Il se distingue des autres systèmes vidéotex par le mode de codage et de stockage de l’information graphique. Ses possibilités et ses domaines d’application sont donnés et les projets canadiens, dont il fait l’objet, brièvement décrits ainsi que ses perspectives d’avenir en fonction du marché de masse et des marchés spécialisés. L’avenir de Télidon dépend davantage d’un contenu que de l’originalité de sa technologie. Il devrait intéresser davantage les bibliothécaires en tant que fournisseurs d’information.
La formation documentaire en milieu universitaire
Authors: Laghzali Mohamed
Published: January 2019

La complexité du système documentaire, les formules pédagogiques nouvelles axées sur l’acquisition des méthodes plutôt que sur la transmission des connaissances, l’explosion de l’information et la sous-utilisation des ressources documentaires par les étudiants rendent indispensable la formation documentaire en milieu universitaire.

L’auteur décrit des programmes et méthodes de formation documentaire et suggère un processus d’implantation basé sur la collaboration entre bibliothécaires et enseignants.
Vers une société sans papier ?
Authors: Lehoux Guylaine
Published: January 2019

Depuis environ 500 ans, les canaux formels de communication sont, dans une large mesure, basés sur l’imprimé. La société est maintenant appelée à passer de l’imprimé à un système d’édition complètement électronique dans lequel les ordinateurs et les télécommunications seront majoritairement utilisés dans tout le processus de communication.

L’auteure analyse l’impact des nouvelles technologies sur les bibliothèques et jette un regard prospectif sur la bibliothèque du futur et le rôle du bibliothécaire à l’ère de l’électronique.
La politique d’aide au développement des bibliothèques publiques du Québec (1960-1985)
Authors: Gagnon Gilbert
Published: January 2019

On peut dégager cinq périodes dans l’histoire de la politique d’aide au développement des bibliothèques publiques du Québec depuis 1960. Une première est dominée par la législation et les études préalables à l’implantation d’un système cohérent. La seconde est marquée par l’application des premiers règlements; la troisième, par une remise en question de l’aide financière aux bibliothèques publiques et la quatrième, par l’accélération du développement des bibliothèques municipales et par la création de bibliothèques centrales de prêt. Enfin, en 1985, un plan ambitieux d’amélioration des équipements, des services et du rendement permettra aux bibliothèques de faire un bond en avant.

L’auteur propose ici une approche descriptive des événements observés au cours de ces périodes.
PRECIS pour l’accès sujet d’un système d’information national pour l’audiovisuel
Authors: Bidd Donald , de Chevigny Louise , Marshall Margo
Published: January 2019

En 1978, l’Office national du film du Canada adoptait le système PRECIS (Preserved Context Indexing System) comme méthode de repérage par sujet pour un système national d’information sur les produits audiovisuels canadiens, maintenant connu sous le nom de FORMAT. Les auteurs rendent ici compte de l’expérience de FORMAT avec le système PRECIS.
L’ASTED, dix ans après : bilan et prospective
Authors: Rousseau Denis , Perron Hubert
Published: January 2019

Les auteurs font ressortir les gestes positifs posés par l’Association pour l’avancement des sciences et des techniques de la documentation (ASTED) depuis sa création en 1974 et signalent ses faiblesses et ses omissions. Quatre domaines retiennent leur attention : la formation professionnelle et continue, la coordination des services documentaires, leur « promotion » et la vie de l’Association.
L’information dans les bibliothèques publiques comme nouvel instrument de marketing
Authors: Savard Réjean
Published: January 2019

Les différents éléments du problème sont présentés et définis : information, besoins d’information, types de besoin. Il est démontré ensuite comment la bibliothèque publique à l’extérieur du Québec s’est développée comme centre d’information. Les possibilités d’implanter ce concept au Québec sont envisagées.
La recherche documentaire par vedettes-matière dans une bibliothèque de collège
Authors: Marquis Julien
Published: January 2019

Après avoir fait état des principales difficultés de la recherche documentaire par vedettes-matière, l’auteur présente les résultats d’une enquête effectuée auprès d’étudiants qui consultaient le catalogue sujets d’une bibliothèque de collège. Le taux de concordance entre les termes utilisés par les étudiants et les vedettes-matière est très élevé, mais la principale difficulté reste l’atteinte du niveau de spécificité requis. Une analyse du taux de rappel et du taux de précision des vedettes-matière révèle également un degré d’efficacité élevé. Quelques recommandations sont faites pour améliorer les performances des étudiants et l’efficacité des vedettes-matière.
Vers une théorisation du vécu des patients et de leurs proches à la suite d’interventions de crise à domicile
Authors: Vereecke Charlotte , Denis Jennifer , Hendrick Stephan
Published: January 2019

Les prises en charge de crise à domicile – proposées par des équipes mobiles – visent à intervenir auprès de patients en situation de détresse psychologique aiguë, et ce, dans un contexte où les proches sont systématiquement mobilisés dans la dynamique de soins. Les interventions s’étendent sur une période de trois à six semaines et ont comme visée la résolution de la crise individuelle et/ou familiale. À ce jour, l’efficacité de ce type de traitement n’est plus à prouver puisqu’il permet de réduire significativement le nombre d’hospitalisations. À travers notre étude, nous avons accordé une place aux patients et à leurs proches afin de les laisser exprimer leur vécu quant aux spécificités de ce dispositif de soins. L’objectif était de comprendre comment le patient et ses proches s’approprient de nouvelles stratégies de résolution de problèmes et comment ils acquièrent une meilleure compréhension de leur fonctionnement, individuel et relationnel, dans le but de prévenir d’éventuelles nouvelles crises. La vision bilatérale, c’est-à-dire le vécu des patients et de leurs proches, que nous proposons a abouti à une théorisation enracinée apportant des éléments de compréhension nouveaux quant à la manière dont les équipes de crise intervenant à domicile doivent continuer à soutenir les patients et leurs familles.
Seeking Justice by Plea: The Prosecutor’s Ethical Obligations During Plea Bargaining
Authors: Paciocco Palma
Published: January 2019

Canadian Crown prosecutors enjoy tremendous discretionary power. They can leverage this power during plea bargaining by structuring the terms of plea deals and by engaging in aggressive negotiation tactics, thereby exerting a disproportionate influence on plea bargaining processes and outcomes. This article considers how Crowns should wield their power to shape plea bargains in light of their ethical obligation to seek justice. In particular, it considers how Crowns should identify the just case outcomes they will pursue through plea bargaining and assesses which bargaining strategies they should employ or eschew in pursuit of those outcomes. In the process, the article addresses a few especially thorny questions, including: whether Crowns should ever strategically overcharge defendants to facilitate plea negotiations; how Crowns ought to balance the accuracy of criminal charges against the fairness of criminal sentences when the two are in tension; and how Crowns can strike an appropriate balance between plea bargaining fairness and efficient case management. The article offers several concrete policy recommendations aimed at helping Crowns satisfy their ethical obligation to seek justice in the context of plea bargaining.
Diversidad lingüística y evaluación en centros multilingües
Authors: Elosua Paula
Published: January 2019

En un entorno en el que la diversidad lingüística es natural, la metodología de evaluación afronta nuevos retos. La equidad en el proceso evaluativo aconseja la consideración de aspectos relacionados con las características psicométricas de las pruebas, el desarrollo de la competencia lingüística, o el contexto sociolingüístico, a través de modelos explicativos sobre las variables contextuales de naturaleza lingüística que inciden en el rendimiento. Utilizando datos poblacionales de centros educativos de segundo curso de enseñanza secundaria obligatoria que ofertan más de un modelo lingüístico en la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco (N=45), este trabajo analiza las respuestas de 2783 estudiantes a una prueba de competencia matemática y estudia el efecto de la lengua familiar (euskera o castellano). La aproximación metodológica incluye un doble acercamiento; un estudio psicométrico de equivalencia a través del análisis del funcionamiento diferencial del ítem en función de lengua familiar y del modelo educativo, y el ajuste de modelos lineales mixtos para la predicción de la competencia. Los resultados muestran: a) la equivalencia de la prueba de evaluación en función del idioma familiar y del modelo educativo, b) el impacto significativo de variables de contexto lingüístico, y c) la falta de significatividad del modelo lingüístico sobre el desempeño. Se concluye la importancia de llevar a cabo estudios de funcionamiento diferencial, y de la incorporación de variables de naturaleza lingüística en la predicción de la competencia matemática.
The elemental mechanism of transcriptional pausing
Authors: Saba Jason , Chua Xien Yu , Mishanina Tatiana V , Nayak Dhananjaya , Windgassen Tricia A , Mooney Rachel Anne , Landick Robert
Published: January 2019

Transcriptional pausing underlies regulation of cellular RNA biogenesis. A consensus pause sequence that acts on RNA polymerases (RNAPs) from bacteria to mammals halts RNAP in an elemental paused state from which longer-lived pauses can arise. Although the structural foundations of pauses prolonged by backtracking or nascent RNA hairpins are recognized, the fundamental mechanism of the elemental pause is less well-defined. Here we report a mechanistic dissection that establishes the elemental pause signal (i) is multipartite; (ii) causes a modest conformational shift that puts γ-proteobacterial RNAP in an off-pathway state in which template base loading but not RNA translocation is inhibited; and (iii) allows RNAP to enter pretranslocated and one-base-pair backtracked states easily even though the half-translocated state observed in paused cryo-EM structures rate-limits pause escape. Our findings provide a mechanistic basis for the elemental pause and a framework to understand how pausing is modulated by sequence, cellular conditions, and regulators.
Statistical structure of locomotion and its modulation by odors
Authors: Tao Liangyu , Ozarkar Siddhi , Beck Jeffrey M , Bhandawat Vikas
Published: January 2019

Most behaviors such as making tea are not stereotypical but have an obvious structure. However, analytical methods to objectively extract structure from non-stereotyped behaviors are immature. In this study, we analyze the locomotion of fruit flies and show that this non-stereotyped behavior is well-described by a Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model (HHMM). HHMM shows that a fly's locomotion can be decomposed into a few locomotor features, and odors modulate locomotion by altering the time a fly spends performing different locomotor features. Importantly, although all flies in our dataset use the same set of locomotor features, individual flies vary considerably in how often they employ a given locomotor feature, and how this usage is modulated by odor. This variation is so large that the behavior of individual flies is best understood as being grouped into at least three to five distinct clusters, rather than variations around an average fly.
Immune genes are hotspots of shared positive selection across birds and mammals
Authors: Shultz Allison J , Sackton Timothy B
Published: January 2019

Consistent patterns of positive selection in functionally similar genes can suggest a common selective pressure across a group of species. We use alignments of orthologous protein-coding genes from 39 species of birds to estimate parameters related to positive selection for 11,000 genes conserved across birds. We show that functional pathways related to the immune system, recombination, lipid metabolism, and phototransduction are enriched for positively selected genes. By comparing our results with mammalian data, we find a significant enrichment for positively selected genes shared between taxa, and that these shared selected genes are enriched for viral immune pathways. Using pathogen-challenge transcriptome data, we show that genes up-regulated in response to pathogens are also enriched for positively selected genes. Together, our results suggest that pathogens, particularly viruses, consistently target the same genes across divergent clades, and that these genes are hotspots of host-pathogen conflict over deep evolutionary time.
Absence of TGFβ signaling in retinal microglia induces retinal degeneration and exacerbates choroidal neovascularization
Authors: Ma Wenxin , Silverman Sean M , Zhao Lian , Villasmil Rafael , Campos Maria M , Amaral Juan , Wong Wai T
Published: January 2019

Constitutive TGFβ signaling is important in maintaining retinal neurons and blood vessels and is a factor contributing to the risk for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a retinal disease involving neurodegeneration and microglial activation. How TGFβ signaling to microglia influences pathological retinal neuroinflammation is unclear. We discovered that ablation of the TGFβ receptor, TGFBR2, in retinal microglia of adult mice induced abnormal microglial numbers, distribution, morphology, and activation status, and promoted a pathological microglial gene expression profile. TGFBR2-deficient retinal microglia induced secondary gliotic changes in Müller cells, neuronal apoptosis, and decreased light-evoked retinal function reflecting abnormal synaptic transmission. While retinal vasculature was unaffected, TGFBR2-deficient microglia demonstrated exaggerated responses to laser-induced injury that was associated with increased choroidal neovascularization, a hallmark of advanced exudative AMD. These findings demonstrate that deficiencies in TGFβ-mediated microglial regulation can drive neuroinflammatory contributions to AMD-related neurodegeneration and neovascularization, highlighting TGFβ signaling as a potential therapeutic target.
Arid3a regulates nephric tubule regeneration via evolutionarily conserved regeneration signal-response enhancers
Authors: Suzuki Nanoka , Hirano Kodai , Ogino Hajime , Ochi Haruki
Published: January 2019

Amphibians and fish have the ability to regenerate numerous tissues, whereas mammals have a limited regenerative capacity. Despite numerous developmental genes becoming reactivated during regeneration, an extensive analysis is yet to be performed on whether highly regenerative animals utilize unique cis-regulatory elements for the reactivation of genes during regeneration and how such cis-regulatory elements become activated. Here, we screened regeneration signal-response enhancers at the lhx1 locus using Xenopus and found that the noncoding elements conserved from fish to human function as enhancers in the regenerating nephric tubules. A DNA-binding motif of Arid3a, a component of H3K9me3 demethylases, was commonly found in RSREs. Arid3a binds to RSREs and reduces the H3K9me3 levels. It promotes cell cycle progression and causes the outgrowth of nephric tubules, whereas the conditional knockdown of arid3a using photo-morpholino inhibits regeneration. These results suggest that Arid3a contributes to the regeneration of nephric tubules by decreasing H3K9me3 on RSREs.
Utvikling av et manualbasert verktøy for veiledning av studenter i praksis - et bidrag til å styrke kvaliteten på utdanningen
Authors: Høium Kari , Tørris Christine
Published: January 2019

Clinical training in health and social care educations are important in the development of professional competence of students. However, clinical supervisors may be uncertain of their own counselling skills, and how to meet the students’ needs in their clinical practice. Here, a manual-based counselling guide, developed through counselling courses for clinical supervisors, is presented. The counselling guide is based on data from guidance courses, and the supervisors’ needs in strengthening their counselling skills.
The effect of cycling hypoxia on MCF-7 cancer stem cells and the impact of their microenvironment on angiogenesis using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as a model
Authors: Alhawarat Fuad M. , Hammad Hana M. , Hijjawi Majd S. , Sharab Ahmad S. , Abuarqoub Duaa A. , Al Shhab Mohammad A. , Zihlif Malek A.
Published: January 2019

Background

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among females. Hypoxia mediates cancer hallmarks and results from reduced oxygen level due to irregularities in tumor vascularization or when the tumor size prevents oxygen diffusion and triggers angiogenesis to compensate for low oxygen. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a rare subpopulation, able to self-renew and to give rise to tumor-initiating cells. It is proposed that CSCs’ secretions help to recruit endothelial cells via angiogenic factors to establish tumor vascularization. In the tumor microenvironment, the effect of hypoxia on CSCs and the impact of their secretions on triggering angiogenesis and tumor vascularization remain questionable. In this study, three-dimensional (3D) CSCs derived from MCF-7 were directly exposed to repetitive long-term cycles of hypoxia to assess its effect on CSCs and then to evaluate the role of the hypoxic CSCs’ (CSCsHYP) secretions in angiogenesis using (HUVECs) as a model for tumor neovascularization response.

Methods

CSCs derived from MCF-7 cell-line were expanded under repetitive, strictly optimized, long-term/continuous and intermittent hypoxic shots for almost four months to assess hypoxic effect on CSCs, sorted based on CD44+/CD24− biomarkers. Hypoxic phenotype of CSCsHYP was evaluated by assessing the acquired chemoresistance using MTT assay and elevated stemness properties were assessed by flow cytometry. To evaluate the effect of the secretions from CSCsHYP on angiogenesis, HUVECs were exposed to CSCsHYP conditioned-medium (CdM)—in which CSCs had been previously grown—to mimic the tumor microenvironment and to assess the effect of the secretions from CSCsHYP on the HUVECs’ capability of tube formation, migration and wound healing. Additionally, co-culture of CSCsHYP with HUVECs was performed.

Results

CSCsHYP acquired higher chemoresistance, increased stemness properties and obtained greater propagation, migration, and wound healing capacities, when compared to CSCs in normoxic condition (CSCsNOR). HUVECs’ tube formation and migration abilities were mediated by hypoxic (CSCs) conditioned media (CdM).

Discussion

This study demonstrates that chemoresistant and migrational properties of CSCs are enhanced under hypoxia to a certain extent. The microenvironment of CSCsHYP contributes to tumor angiogenesis and migration. Hypoxia is a key player in tumor angiogenesis mediated by CSCs.
Advances in cultivation, wastewater treatment application, bioactive components ofCaulerpa lentilliferaand their biotechnological applications
Authors: Chen Xiaolin , Sun Yuhao , Liu Hong , Liu Song , Qin Yukun , Li Pengcheng
Published: January 2019

The edible seaweedCaulerpa lentillifera, a powerful natural food source that is rich in protein, minerals, dietary fibers, vitamins, saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids, has been mass cultured in some Asian countries and has been the focus of researchers in recent years. Here, the operational conditions of its culture, application in wastewater treatment, and bioactive components are summarized and comparatively analyzed. Based on previous studies, salinity, nutrient concentrations, irradiance and temperature are stress factors for algal growth. Moreover, driedCaulerpa lentilliferaseaweed is efficient in the biosorption of heavy metals and cationic dyes in wastewater, and fresh seaweed can be introduced as a biofilter in aquaculture system treatment. In addition, among the rich bioactive compounds inCaulerpa lentillifera, the phenolic compounds show the potential ability for regulating glucose metabolism in vivo. Polysaccharides and oligosaccharides exhibit anticoagulant, immunomodulatory effects and cancer-preventing activity. Siphonaxanthin is a compound with attractive novel functions in cancer-preventing activity and lipogenesis-inhibiting effects. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of siphonaxanthin extracted fromCaulerpa lentilliferacould be stronger than that of astaxanthin. This review offers an overview of studies ofCaulerpa lentilliferaaddressing various aspects including cultivation, wastewater treatment and biological active components which may provide valuable information for the cultivation and utilization of this green alga.
Engineering an Earth‐Abundant Element‐Based Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Highly Efficient and Durable Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Kang Zhuo , Guo Huijing , Wu Jing , Sun Xu , Zhang Zheng , Liao Qingliang , Zhang Suicai , Si Haonan , Wu Pingwei , Wang Li , Zhang Yue
Published: January 2019

The simultaneous and efficient evolution of hydrogen and oxygen with earth‐abundant, highly active, and robust bifunctional electrocatalysts is a significant concern in water splitting. Herein, non‐noble metal‐based Ni–Co–S bifunctional catalysts with tunable stoichiometry and morphology are realized. The engineering of electronic structure and subsequent morphological design synergistically contributes to significantly elevated electrocatalytic performance. Stable overpotentials (η10) of 243 mV (vs reversible hydrogen electrode) for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and 80 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), as well as Tafel slopes of 54.9 mV dec−1 for OER and 58.5 mV dec−1 for HER, are demonstrated. In addition, density functional theory calculations are performed to determine the optimal electronic structure via the electron density differences to verify the enhanced OER activity is related to the Co top site on the (110) surface. Moreover, the tandem bifunctional NiCo2S4 exhibit a required voltage of 1.58 V (J = 10 mA cm−2) for simultaneous OER and HER, and no obvious performance decay is observed after 72 h. When integrated with a GaAs solar cell, the resulting photoassisted water splitting electrolyzer shows a certified solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency of up to 18.01%, further demonstrating the feasibility of engineering protocols and the promising potential of bifunctional NiCo2S4 for large‐scale overall water splitting.
Manipulation of Charge Transport by Metallic V13O16 Decorated on Bismuth Vanadate Photoelectrochemical Catalyst
Authors: Ren Hangjuan , Dittrich Thomas , Ma Hongyang , Hart Judy N. , Fengler Steffen , Chen Sheng , Li Yibing , Wang Yu , Cao Fuyang , Schieda Mauricio , Ng Yun Hau , Xie Zhirun , Bo Xin , Koshy Pramod , Sheppard Leigh R. , Zhao Chuan , Sorrell Charles C.
Published: January 2019

Conductive metal oxides represent a new category of functional material with vital importance for many modern applications. The present work introduces a new conductive metal oxide V13O16, which is synthesized via a simplified photoelectrochemical procedure and decorated onto the semiconducting photocatalyst BiVO4 in controlled mass percentages ranging from 25% to 37%. Owing to its excellent conductivity and good compatibility with oxide materials, the metallic V13O16‐decorated BiVO4 hybrid catalyst shows a high photocurrent density of 2.2 ± 0.2 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Both experimental characterization and density functional theory calculations indicate that the superior photocurrent derives from enhanced charge separation and transfer, resulting from ohmic contact at the interface of mixed phases and superior electrical conductivity from V13O16. A Co–Pi coating on BiVO4–V13O16 further increases the photocurrent to 5.0 ± 0.5 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus RHE, which is among the highest reported for BiVO4‐based photoelectrodes. Surface photovoltage and transient photocurrent measurements suggest a charge‐transfer model in which photocurrents are enhanced by improved surface passivation, although the barrier at the Co–Pi/electrolyte interface limits the charge transfer.
Boron‐Containing Probes for Non‐optical High‐Resolution Imaging of Biological Samples
Authors: Kabatas Selda , Agüi‐Gonzalez Paola , Saal Kim‐Ann , Jähne Sebastian , Opazo Felipe , Rizzoli Silvio O. , Phan Nhu T. N.
Published: January 2019

Boron has been employed in materials science as a marker for imaging specific structures by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) or secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). It has a strong potential in biological analyses as well; however, the specific coupling of a sufficient number of boron atoms to a biological structure has proven challenging. Herein, we synthesize tags containing closo‐1,2‐dicarbadodecaborane, coupled to soluble peptides, which were integrated in specific proteins by click chemistry in mammalian cells and were also coupled to nanobodies for use in immunocytochemistry experiments. The tags were fully functional in biological samples, as demonstrated by nanoSIMS imaging of cell cultures. The boron signal revealed the protein of interest, while other SIMS channels were used for imaging different positive ions, such as the cellular metal ions. This allows, for the first time, the simultaneous imaging of such ions with a protein of interest and will enable new biological applications in the SIMS field.
Guanidine–Copper Complex Catalyzed Allylic Borylation for the Enantioconvergent Synthesis of Tertiary Cyclic Allylboronates
Authors: Ge Yicen , Cui Xi‐Yang , Tan Siu Min , Jiang Huan , Ren Jingyun , Lee Nicholas , Lee Richmond , Tan Choon‐Hong
Published: January 2019

An enantioconvergent synthesis of chiral cyclic allylboronates from racemic allylic bromides was achieved by using a guanidine–copper catalyst. The allylboronates were obtained with high γ/α regioselectivities (up to 99:1) and enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee), and could be further transformed into diverse functionalized allylic compounds without erosion of optical purity. Experimental and DFT mechanistic studies support an SN2′ borylation process catalyzed by a monodentate guanidine–copper(I) complex that proceeds through a special direct enantioconvergent transformation mechanism.
Über die besondere Rolle des Stickstoffliganden in den durch [NbN]+ katalysierten Redoxreaktionen von N2O/CO in der Gasphase
Authors: Sun Xiaoyan , Zhou Shaodong , Yue Lei , Guo Cheng , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut
Published: January 2019

Die durch das Übergangsmetallnitrid‐Ion [NbN]+ vermittelte, katalytische Reduktion von N2O durch CO wurde unter thermischen Bedingungen in der Gasphase mittels FT‐ICR‐Massenspektrometrie und quantenchemischen Rechnungen untersucht. Während das [NbN]+/[ONbN]+‐System die Oxidation von CO durch N2O katalysiert, ermöglichen die Systeme [Nb]+/[NbO]+ und [NbO]+/[Nb(O)2]+ zwar die Oxidation von [Nb]+ und [NbO]+ durch N2O, jedoch reagieren weder [NbO]+ noch [Nb(O)2]+ bei Zimmertemperatur mit CO. Die Ursachen dieser durch den Stickstoffliganden hervorgerufenen, deutlich unterschiedlichen Reaktivitäten wurden mit quantenchemischen Rechnungen ermittelt.
Effective synthesis of nanoscale anatase TiO2 single crystals using activated carbon template to enhance the photodegradation of crystal violet
Authors: Gao Zhenzhen , Wu Zhansheng , Chen Xiaoqing , Yang Xia
Published: January 2019

Nanoscale anatase TiO2 single crystals were successfully synthesized using three kinds of activated carbon (AC) templates through a simple sol–gel method. The optimal photocatalyst (T‐WOAC) was obtained using wood‐based AC template. X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analyses revealed that T‐WOAC possessed a small crystallite size of 8.7 nm and a clear mesoporous structure. The photocatalytic properties of samples were then evaluated through photodegradation of crystal violet (CV). Results implied that the photocatalysts prepared using the AC templates exhibited superior photocatalytic activity to that of the original TiO2. This enhancement may be due to the small crystallite size, large specific surface area and pore volume of the catalysts prepared with ACs. T‐WOAC showed high photocatalytic activity, CV degradation of 99.01% after 120 min of irradiation and k = 0.03914 min−1, which is 3.9 times higher than that of the original TiO2 (k = 0.00994 min−1). This result can be mainly attributed to the application of WOAC with moderate specific surface area and pore volume to produce T‐WOAC. Alkaline conditions benefitted the photodegradation of CV over photocatalysts. This work proposes a possible degradation mechanism of CV and indicates that the fabricated photocatalysts can be used to effectively remove CV from aqueous solutions.
The Efficacy of a Lateral Wedge Insole for Painful Medial Knee Osteoarthritis After Prescreening: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Felson David T. , Parkes Matthew , Carter Suzanne , Liu Anmin , Callaghan Michael J. , Hodgson Richard , Bowes Michael , Jones Richard K.
Published: January 2019

Objective

Lateral wedge shoe insoles decrease medial knee loading, but trials have shown no effect on pain in medial knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, loading effects of insoles are inconsistent, and they can increase patellofemoral loading. We undertook this study to investigate the hypothesis that insoles would reduce pain in preselected patients.

Methods

Among patients with painful medial knee OA, we excluded those with patellofemoral OA and those with a pain rating of <4 of a possible 10. We further excluded participants who, in a gait analysis using lateral wedges, did not show at least a 2% reduction in knee adduction moment (KAM), compared to wearing their shoes and a neutral insole. We then randomized subjects to lateral wedge versus neutral insole for 8‐week periods, separated by an 8‐week washout. The primary outcome measure was knee pain (0–10 scale) during the past week, and secondary outcome measures included activity pain and pain rated in the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score questionnaire. We carried out mixed model analyses adjusted for baseline pain.

Results

Of 83 participants, 21 (25.3%) were excluded from analysis because of insufficient reduction in KAM. In the 62 patients included in analysis, the mean ± SD age was 64.2 ± 9.1 years, and 37.1% were women. Lateral wedge insoles produced a greater reduction in knee pain than neutral insoles (mean difference of 0.7 on 0–10 scale [95% confidence interval 0.1, 1.2]) (P = 0.02). Findings for secondary outcome measures were mixed.

Conclusion

In participants prescreened to eliminate those with patellofemoral OA and biomechanical nonresponders, lateral wedge insoles reduced knee pain, but the effect of treatment was small and is likely of clinical significance in only a minority of patients. Targeting patients may identify those who respond to this treatment.
Generation of a Core Set of Items to Develop Classification Criteria for Scleroderma Renal Crisis Using Consensus Methodology
Authors: Butler Emily‐Ann , Baron Murray , Fogo Agnes B. , Frech Tracy , Ghossein Cybele , Hachulla Eric , Hoa Sabrina , Johnson Sindhu R. , Khanna Dinesh , Mouthon Luc , Nikpour Mandana , Proudman Susanna , Steen Virginia , Stern Edward , Varga John , Denton Christopher , Hudson Marie ,   the Scleroderma Clinical Trials Consortium Scleroderma Renal Crisis Working Group
Published: January 2019

Objective

To generate a core set of items to develop classification criteria for scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) using consensus methodology.

Methods

An international, multidisciplinary panel of experts was invited to participate in a 3‐round Delphi exercise developed using a survey based on items identified by a scoping review. In round 1, participants were asked to identify omissions and clarify ambiguities regarding the items in the survey. In round 2, participants were asked to rate the validity and feasibility of the items using Likert‐type scales ranging from 1 to 9 (where 1 = very invalid/unfeasible, 5 = uncertain, and 9 = very valid/feasible). In round 3, participants reviewed the results and comments from round 2 and were asked to provide final ratings. Items rated as highly valid and feasible (median scores ≥7 for each) in round 3 were selected as the provisional core set of items. A consensus meeting using a nominal group technique was conducted to further reduce the core set of items.

Results

Ninety‐nine experts from 16 countries participated in the Delphi exercise. Of the 31 items in the survey, consensus was achieved on 13, in the categories hypertension, renal insufficiency, proteinuria, and hemolysis. Eleven experts took part in the nominal group technique discussion, where consensus was achieved in 5 domains: blood pressure, acute kidney injury, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, target organ dysfunction, and renal histopathology.

Conclusion

A core set of items that characterize SRC was identified using consensus methodology. This core set will be used in future data‐driven phases of this project to develop classification criteria for SRC.
Information experience in personally meaningful activities
Authors: Gorichanaz Tim
Published: January 2019

Information behavior in activities that are freely chosen has been little explored. This article conceptualizes personally meaningful activities as a site for information behavior research. Personal meaning is discussed as a necessity for human beings. In the information age, there is an ethical directive for developers of information technology to promote and afford personally meaningful activities. This article builds on discussions of the pleasurable and profound in information science conceptually and empirically. First, it argues for the necessity of phenomenology in these discussions, which heretofore has been mostly absent. Next, it presents results from a qualitative, empirical study on information in personally meaningful activities. The empirical study uses interpretative phenomenological analysis to examine information experience in three domains of personal meaning: Bible reading, ultramarathon running, and art‐making. The following themes emerge and are discussed: identity, central practice, curiosity, and presence. Opportunities for technological development and further research are outlined.
Suicidal death within a year of a cancer diagnosis: A population‐based study
Authors: Saad Anas M. , Gad Mohamed M. , Al‐Husseini Muneer J. , AlKhayat Mohamad A. , Rachid Ahmad , Alfaar Ahmad Samir , Hamoda Hesham M.
Published: January 2019

Background

The suicide risk after a new cancer diagnosis remains a controversial issue. This study examines the suicide risk within the year after a cancer diagnosis. This is the largest study to assess recent trends in suicide risk after a cancer diagnosis.

Methods

Data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. All patients diagnosed with cancer between 2000 and 2014 were selected. The event was defined as death due to suicide within the first year after a cancer diagnosis, and patients who experienced the event after their diagnosis were observed. The observed/expected (O/E) ratio was assessed as well as the excess risk per 10,000 person‐years to determine the suicide risk change after the diagnosis in comparison with the general population.

Results

A total of 4,671,989 patients with cancer were included; 1585 committed suicide within 1 year of their diagnosis. The risk of suicide increased significantly with an O/E ratio of 2.52 and with an excess risk of 2.51 per 10,000 person‐years. When the risk of suicide was studied according to the cancer site, the highest increases in the O/E ratio came after diagnoses of pancreatic cancer (8.01) and lung cancer (6.05). The risk of suicide also increased significantly after a diagnosis of colorectal cancer with an O/E ratio of 2.08. However, the risk of suicidal death did not increase significantly after breast and prostate cancer diagnoses.

Conclusions

The risk of suicide increases significantly in the first year after a diagnosis of cancer in comparison with the general population, and this increase varies with the type and prognosis of cancer. Close observation and referral to mental health services, when indicated, are important for mitigating such risk.
Easy and Green Route towards Nanostructured ZnO as an Active Sensing Material with Unexpected H2S Dosimeter‐Type Behaviour
Authors: Diodati Stefano , Hennemann Jörg , Fresno Fernando , Gialanella Stefano , Dolcet Paolo , Lavrenčič Štangar Urška , Smarsly Bernd M. , Gross Silvia
Published: January 2019

Nanostructured ZnO particles were prepared through a straightforward, quick and low‐temperature synthesis route involving coprecipitation of the metal precursor salts with oxalic acid, followed by hydrothermal treatment at 135 or 160 °C. The synthesised nanostructured powders were thoroughly characterised by a wide array of analytical techniques from the morphological (Scanning Electron Microscopy ‐SEM‐, Transmission Electron Microscopy ‐TEM‐, Energy‐dispersive X‐ray Spectroscopy ‐EDXS‐), structural (Powder X‐ray Diffraction ‐PXRD‐, Selected Area Electron Diffraction ‐SAED‐), compositional (X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy ‐XPS‐) and physical (thermal stability) point of view. As far as functional applications are concerned, the powders were tested as gas sensor materials for H2S detection. Thereby these ZnO particles showed unexpected gas dosimeter behaviour at 150 °C. Based on these observations and on a comparison with literature a new model for the interaction of ZnO nanostructures with H2S is proposed.
Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed C–H Alkenylation of Quinones: Diversity‐Oriented Strategy for Trypanocidal Compounds
Authors: Dias Gleiston G. , Nascimento Tamires A. do , de Almeida Andresa K. A. , Bombaça Ana Cristina S. , Menna‐Barreto Rubem F. S. , Jacob Claus , Warratz Svenja , da Silva Júnior Eufrânio N. , Ackermann Lutz
Published: January 2019

Ruthenium(II)‐catalysis enabled C–H alkenylations of unactivated naphthoquinones for the preparation of A‐ring‐modified naphthoquinoidal compounds with activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite causing Chagas disease. The present study encompasses C–H alkenylation by weak O‐coordination by means of ruthenium(II) carboxylates. This method provided an efficient and versatile tool towards a diversity‐oriented strategy for the preparation of compounds with a relevant biological profile.
Fuzzy logic method for the prediction of cetane number using carbon number, double bounds, iodic, and saponification values of biodiesel fuels
Authors: Faizollahzadeh Ardabili Sina , Najafi Bahman , Shamshirband Shahaboddin
Published: January 2019

The aim of present study is to develop an accessible accurate estimation of CN based on fatty acid methyl esters and to provide a proper solution for presenting a user‐friendly method. In fact, this study calculates the density, viscosity, and HHV based on FAMEs and predicts the CN by employing fuzzy method within a set. This is an interesting approach that has not been used in similar articles. Gaussian membership functions with 81 roles were employed to develop the fuzzy model. The model was developed based on Carbon number, Double bond, Saponification number, and Iodine value to predict the CN. Performance factors of r, RMSE, MAE, and R2 were calculated as 0.9912, 1.0723, 0.63427, and 0.9828, respectively to predict the CN. The results of FAMEs effect on properties of biodiesel showed, increasing Carbon number of FAMEs increases the CN, viscosity, and HHV, but increasing the number of Double bonds decreases CN, viscosity, and HHV. While the effect of increasing Carbon number of FAMEs on density was vice versa. Based on results, C16:00, C18:00, C18:1, and C18:02 FAMEs are approximately in components of all conventional oils; therefore, they can be effective on physical properties of biodiesels. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: 584–599, 2019
Synthesis, structures, and reactivity of 9,9‐dialkoxy‐9‐silafluorenes
Authors: Kanno Ken‐ichiro , Hirose Satoshi , Kyushin Soichiro
Published: January 2019

A series of novel 9,9‐dialkoxy‐9‐silafluorenes were synthesized, and their structures and reactivity were studied. Dehydrogenative alkoxylation of 9,9‐dihydro‐9‐silafluorene with various alcohols in the presence of PdCl2 gave the corresponding dialkoxylated products in good yields. The structures of some of the novel 9,9‐dialkoxy‐9‐silafluorenes were analyzed by X‐ray crystallography. The 9,9‐dialkoxy‐9‐silafluorenes show remarkably high reactivity toward phenylmagnesium bromide to afford substitution products.
Anthropometric characteristics, physical activity and risk of hematological malignancies: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Psaltopoulou Theodora , Sergentanis Theodoros N. , Ntanasis‐Stathopoulos Ioannis , Tzanninis Ioannis‐Georgios , Riza Elena , Dimopoulos Meletios A.
Published: January 2019

Overweight/obesity, adult attained height and physical activity are possible risk factors for hematological malignancies. This meta‐analysis aims to evaluate the associations between these factors and hematological cancer risk in adults. Eligible cohort studies were sought in PubMed up to May 31, 2016; overall, 44 studies were included in the present analyses. Pooled relative risk estimates were calculated using random‐effects models; separate analyses were conducted for non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and subtypes (diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, DLBCL; follicular cell lymphoma; small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia, SLL/CLL), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), multiple myeloma (MM), leukemia and subtypes (acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, AML). Obesity was associated with increased risk of NHL, HL, MM, leukemia overall and AML in both sexes, as well as with higher DLBCL risk in women; the dose–response meta‐regression analysis confirmed these associations. Less pronounced effects were observed regarding overweight, as it was associated with increased MM risk in both sexes, NHL risk in males, DLBCL and overall leukemia risk in females. Taller men presented with significantly higher risk of NHL and taller women were affected by higher risk of NHL, DLBCL, FL, CLL/SLL, MM, leukemia and AML. On the other hand, physical activity and abdominal fatness were not associated with the risk of hematological malignancies. In conclusion, this meta‐analysis highlights the pivotal role of anthropometric measures in shaping the risk of hematological malignancies in adults. Additional, well‐designed studies stemming from all the continents are needed for the further substantiation and generalization of the results.