bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les interventions comportementales intensives et précoces auprès des enfants avec autisme : une revue critique de la littérature (2009-2012)
Authors: Cruveiller Virginie , Crespin Graciela C.
Published: June 2017

Les interventions comportementales intensives et précoces – méthode ABA (Applied Behavior Analysis), ou EIBI (Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention) – font aujourd’hui l’objet d’un apparent consensus ; leur validité serait scientifiquement prouvée. Or, les données de la littérature scientifique sont bien plus divergentes et controversées qu’il n’y paraît. Cet article se propose de faire le point sur l’état actuel des connaissances en la matière, à travers une revue de la littérature récente (essais cliniques et méta-analyses parus depuis 2009). Si ce type d’intervention est probablement efficace sous certaines formes et pour certains enfants, comme l’attestent plusieurs essais cliniques, de nombreuses questions restent sans réponse, et le niveau de preuve général de ces études est grevé par un certain nombre de biais méthodologiques potentiels. De plus, certaines études montrent que l’intensivité d’une prise en charge n’est pas nécessairement corrélée à l’importance de ses effets. Les données actuellement disponibles – par ailleurs souvent en faveur de l’EIBI – restent donc lacunaires et discutables.
Le soutien des parents dans les Early childhood dual focused groups anglais et australiens : quelle approche ?
Authors: Needham Martin , Jackson Dianne
Published: June 2017

S’appuyant sur deux recherches doctorales qualitatives réalisées dans les early childhood dual-focused groups (groupes de la petite enfance à double objectif) australiens et anglais, cet article explore le concept de soutien lors de situations d’accueil enfant-parent. Nous avons identifié huit types d’apports à double objectif que les parents ressentent comme du soutien : amitié et réseaux sociaux, soutien relationnel, soutien par des pairs, soutien émotionnel, soutien du rôle parental, soutien informationnel, soutien par « le cercle des soins » et soutien multidisciplinaire. Dans le contexte des discours internationaux actuels sur le soutien à la parentalité dans la petite enfance, cet article discute l’importance qu’il y a à développer une compréhension plus large de la valeur de ces dispositifs à double objectif auprès des politiques, des parents et des praticiens.
Impact of Interprofessional Simulation on Nursing Students' Attitudes Toward Teamwork and Collaboration
Authors: Krueger Linda , Ernstmeyer Kim , Kirking Ellen
Published: June 2017

Background:

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of a multipatient, interprofessional simulation session on nursing students' attitudes toward nurse–physician collaboration using the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician–Nurse Collaboration.

Method:

Final-semester nursing students, along with medical resident and students from other health programs, participated in a simulation exercise that included a period of prebriefing, simulation, and debriefing. Participants completed pre- and postsimulation surveys to assess the impact on collaboration.

Results:

In total, 268 nursing students completed the survey. Participants had a more positive attitude toward nurse–physician collaboration following the simulation event, compared with prior to it. Significant differences between male and female nursing students were found on mean postsimulation scores and for three of the four subscales of the tool.

Conclusion:

Interprofessional simulation may be an effective way to enhance collaborative relationships, which ultimately may influence patient safety and quality of care. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(6):321–327.]
Faculty Attitudes and Adoption of Simulation: Pilot Testing of a New Instrument
Authors: Min Haeyoung , O'Rourke Jenny
Published: June 2017

Background:

This study evaluated the reliability and validity of a new instrument, the Faculty Attitudes and Adoption of Simulation (FAAS). The FAAS was designed to identify faculty attitudes toward and levels of perceived knowledge and adoption of simulation. The instrument was developed based on a comprehensive literature review.

Method:

A convenience sample of 47 faculty members was used. Content validity, internal consistency reliability, and convergent construct validity were evaluated.

Results:

Content validity, measured through a content validity index, was found to be .91. Pilot testing of the FAAS demonstrated a Cronbach's alpha of .83. Construct validity was evaluated by comparing the FAAS with a related tool called the Faculty Attitudes and Intent to Use Related to the Human Patient Simulator instrument (r= .64,p< .001).

Conclusion:

Pilot testing of the FAAS demonstrated initial reliability and validity for measuring faculty attitudes toward and perceived knowledge and adoption of simulation. [J Nurs Educ.2017;56(6):356–359.]
Online or In-Class: Evaluating an Alternative Online Pedagogy for Teaching Transcultural Nursing
Authors: Ochs Jessica H.
Published: June 2017

Background:

Online learning formats are prevalent in current higher education. Given the changing student demographics and the drive for creativity in educating a technology-savvy student, it is imperative to incorporate innovative and alternative learning modalities to engage these students.

Method:

This pilot study was designed as a quality improvement program evaluation comparing the effects of an online learning module with traditional classroom delivery of transcultural nursing content using a posttest two-group survey design in associate degree nursing students. The students' perceived knowledge and confidence were investigated after receiving the lecture for both the online and in-class groups.

Results:

Data analysis revealed the online cohort perceived themselves as more knowledgeable concerning the ways that cultural factors influence nursing care, but not more confident in providing culturally competent care.

Conclusion:

Due to the students' perceived knowledge gain, this pilot study supports the use of online learning modules as being more effective than the traditional classroom delivery of transcultural nursing content. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(6):368–372.]
Contemplative Activities in Undergraduate Nursing Courses
Authors: Fiske Elizabeth Ann
Published: June 2017

Background:

Affective learning is valued in nursing, but it is often difficult to plan and evaluate learning activities in this domain. Contemplative activities can promote learning and are relatively easy to implement. These activities can promote deep, reflective thinking.

Method:

A variety of contemplative activities were used in undergraduate nursing courses. Students participated in and reflected on a vigil promoting domestic violence awareness. They attended two different art exhibits and related these exhibits to nursing. The students used journals and eportfolios to reflect on the entire nursing program. They participated in breathing exercises and guided imagery meditations.

Results:

Students evaluated the activities positively, and their reflections were thoughtful.

Conclusion:

Contemplative activities can be useful to develop affective competencies. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(6):378–382.]
Public Stigma Toward Mental Illness in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Family Members of Individuals With Schizophrenia, Depression, and Anxiety
Authors: Hasan Abd Al-Hadi , Musleh Mahmoud
Published: June 2017

Stigma affects family members of individuals with mental illness. A survey of 640 family members of individuals with mental illness was conducted. Three factors were found to influence stigma regarding schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety: (a) preconceived stereotypes, (b) a sense of personal responsibility or blame for the condition, and (c) perceptions of the patient's inability to recover from the condition. A stronger association between negative stereotypes and inability to recover was found with schizophrenia than depression or anxiety. Conversely, depression and anxiety were found to be correlated with personal responsibility or blame for the condition. The public perception of mental health conditions (e.g., depression, anxiety, schizophrenia) has a crucial role in deriving programs for reducing stigma and raising awareness. Personalized and efficacious treatment regimens may be facilitated by understanding these perceptions and the underlying explanations for why they exist. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 55
(6), 36–43.]
Perspective Transformation: A Mechanism to Assist in the Acceptance of Contemporary Education Reform in Athletic Training
Authors: Peer Kimberly S.
Published: June 2017

Context:

Athletic training education is experiencing major reform. As professionals consider the implications of these initiatives, the perspective transformation approach to change processes and future impact provides a viable model for all constituents.

Objectives:

Transformative learning is used as a construct for framing perspective transformation. The purposes of this commentary are to contextualize athletic training education reform through perspective transformation as a mechanism for understanding and to facilitate acceptance of the transition process through the use of learning theory. Proactive encouragement for stakeholders uses transformative perspectives to create critical dialogue, cultural shifts, and behavioral changes that are inclusive, reciprocal, and broad focused.

Background:

Perspective transformation theory encourages critical reflection on personal bias, fears and assumptions, and understanding to promote critical growth. Through a 10-step process, perceptual shifts and ongoing dialogue create a culture for transformative learning.

Synthesis:

Perspective transformation theory provides a strategy for athletic training education programs across the country to embrace change and create meaning from the disorienting dilemma of considering the impact of the educational directive on their programs and students and the profession as a whole.

Results:

Ongoing dialogue and inclusive perspectives will help reorient educational programs while protecting the future of the profession.

Recommendation(s):

Dissonance within a profession creates animosity and divides stakeholders. Providing encouragement and specific mechanisms for dealing with disorienting dilemmas helps adult learners realize their assumptions and how they impact their perspectives on change initiatives.

Conclusion(s):

As a widely supported construct, perspective transformation provides a viable framework for addressing the emerging dissonance and uncertainty associated with educational reform in athletic training. Despite previously surviving tremendous change in athletic training education, this theory provides insights into resolving new fears and creates perspective transformation within the profession.
On the Need to Move Toward an Evidence-Based Athletic Training (EBAT)
Authors: Geisler Paul R. , McKeon Patrick O. , McKeon Jennifer M. Medina
Published: June 2017

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is now a well-known paradigm for the athletic training (AT) profession. The Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education accredited programs have required EBP as an explicit focus for professional education, and researchers are gradually producing insightful and relevant evidence concerning the education and implementation of clinically based EBP in educational programs. Likewise, many clinicians are attempting to incorporate EBP into their daily practice in order to guide and enhance patient care, and the Board of Certification has mandated regular EBP education in order to maintain national certification status. Although there remains much work to be completed before AT can claim to be a health care profession that is saturated with EBP, there is growing evidence of positive momentum toward that goal. However, the extent of EBP implementation remains limited to clinically based, patient-oriented outcomes. To date, there is little suggestion that the profession of AT has used an evidence-based approach for other related aspects of its professional practice. To that point, a multifactorial and more comprehensive model for evidence-based AT (EBAT) is presented with the intent of better situating and centering the potentiality for a larger evidence-based culture to inform and guide the AT profession's 3 critical subcomponents: practice, regulation, and education. We attempt here to expand upon the paradigm for EBP as a precondition for an overarching, more inclusive EBAT model. To do this, we will introduce and interconnect 2 other critical aspects of professional practice: evidence-based regulation and evidence-based education. Alongside EBP, both evidence-based regulation and education are fundamentally interrelated and vital components of an effective, comprehensive, and progressive evidence-based profession of AT, or EBAT.
A Novel Optical Bioimaging Method for Direct Assessment of Ovarian Cancer Chemotherapy Response at Laparoscopy
Authors: Laios Alexandros , Volpi Davide , Kumar Rajeev , Traill Zoe , Vojnovic Borivoj , Ahmed Ahmed A.
Published: June 2017

In patients with advanced ovarian cancer (AOC), additional imaging of disseminated disease at laparoscopy could complement conventional imaging for estimation of chemotherapy response. We developed an image segmentation method and evaluated its use in making accurate and objective measurements of peritoneal metastases in comparison to Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria. A software tool using a custom ImageJ macro-based approach was employed to estimate lesion size by converting image pixels into unit length. The software tool was tested as a proof-of-principle in an AOC patient with two isolated peritoneal deposits. Image analysis of representative laparoscopic snapshots before and after three cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) revealed an average tumor nodule response ratio (TNRR) of 40% (partial response), which was in concordance with RECIST evaluation by computed tomography (CT). We demonstrated the feasibility of using this novel anatomical analysis for direct assessment of chemotherapy response in an AOC patient as an adjunct to RECIST criteria.
Psychiatric Comorbidities in Patients with Epilepsy: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Jaiswal Saurabh , Kumar Santosh
Published: June 2017

Introduction

People with epilepsy are more likely than the general population to have comorbid psychiatric disorders that include anxiety, depression, and interictal and chronic psychoses. Even though psychiatric comorbidity is common in epilepsy, it is underrecognized and undertreated, both in specialty epilepsy centers and also in community-based services. A thorough assessment of this was sought in this study among the patients of Rohilkhand region of Uttar Pradesh (India).

Materials and methods

A total of 100 patients with epilepsy who visited the psychiatry outpatient clinic were recruited for this study. They were assessed in detail for the presence of comorbid psychiatric disorders on Axis 1 with the help of Structured Clinical Interview for Fourth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Results

Overall, it was found that a comorbidity of psychiatric disorders was present in 45% of patients with epilepsy. The frequency of cooccurrence of different types of psychiatric disorders was as follows: Mood disorders 21%, anxiety disorders 14%, and psychotic disorders 28%.

Conclusion

Psychiatric comorbidities were found to be a common problem in patients with epilepsy. The results of this study are in line with many different research works both in India and abroad. A proper address of this issue is important for management, better outcome, and policy making in patients with epilepsy.

How to cite this article

Jaiswal S, Kumar S, Sharma CS, Kuchhal A, Jaiswal A. Psychiatric Comorbidities in Patients with Epilepsy: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2017;2(1):24-28.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonography in Cases of Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Singhania Pooja
Published: June 2017

Aims and objectives

To evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of various pathologies of the appendix and to compare the findings of ultrasonography with surgical outcome.

Materials and methods

All the patients suspected of appendicitis clinically were referred for ultrasonography. The accuracy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of appendicitis was compared with surgical outcome.

Results

Out of 50 cases who underwent ultrasonography, 37 cases were sonographically positive for appendicitis and 13 cases were appendicular masses. Right iliac fossa tenderness, rebound tenderness, and Rovsing's sign were the cardinal signs. The overall specificity and sensitivity were 95% in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

Conclusion

Ultrasound is the first-line method in patients referred with clinically suspected acute appendicitis and is cost-effective and reduces the cost of treatment of expensive procedures like exploratory laparoscopy and computed tomography abdomen.

How to cite this article

Kumar V, Sharma G, Singhania A, Khan S, Singhania P, Singhania S. Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonography in Cases of Acute Appendicitis. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2017;2(1):32-36.
Role of Narrow-band Ultraviolet B Phototherapy with Topical Tacrolimus 0.03% for Treatment of Childhood Vitiligo
Authors: Dixit Ambika , Yadav Prerna
Published: June 2017

Vitiligo in children is a challenging disease to treat, as fewer safe options are available compared with the adult population. The combination of topical tacrolimus (0.03%) with narrowband ultraviolet B (NBUVB) phototherapy is a safer option and hence we decided to explore this in our study. The extent of repigmentation was assessed at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks by photographic documentation. We observed that out of 16 patients, 3 (18.75%) had <25% repigmentation, 7 (43.75%) had 25 to 75% repigmentation, and 6 (37.5%) achieved >75% repigmentation. Combined therapy with topical tacrolimus and NBUVB phototherapy is an excellent and safe modality in childhood vitiligo.

How to cite this article

Dixit A, Yadav P, Rathore PK, Goyal S. Role of Narrow-band Ultraviolet B Phototherapy with Topical Tacrolimus 0.03% for Treatment of Childhood Vitiligo. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2017;2(1):37-39.
An Innovative Modified Orbital Implant in Enucleated Eyes for Postoperative Functionality and Cosmesis
Authors: Dokania A , Rizvi Y , Sinha Surabhi
Published: June 2017

Orbital implants replace the volume lost by enucleated eye, impart motility to the prosthesis, and maintain cosmetic symmetry with the fellow eye. They include nonintegrated, synthetic semi-integrated, integrated, bio-integrated, and biogenic varieties. The much favored hydroxyapatite (bio-integrated) implant, due to its rough surface, needs to be wrapped in donor sclera or other wrapping materials (like polyglactin-910 mesh, polytetrafluoroethylene sheet, etc.) to which the muscles could be directly sutured. Cost factor of such wrappings is often prohibitive that add to the expense of such implants.

Purpose

To highlight monofilament polypropylene surgical mesh commonly used for herniorrhaphy as an alternative implant wrapping for achieving augmented implant volume and enabling easier extraocular muscle attachment in postenucleation reconstruction of artificial eye.

Materials and methods

Following enucleation of a nonfunctional eye in a patient who met with a road traffic accident, a 14 mm hydroxyapatite ball was used to replace the globe. The ball was wrapped with a monofilament polypropylene surgical mesh used in herniorrhaphy and sutured. The patient achieved a satisfactory cosmesis and movements of the implant for different gazes. No ocular discomfort or implant extrusion was reported following 6 months of follow-up.

Conclusion

Monofilament polypropylene mesh can be used safely as an orbital implant wrapping, economizing the implant cost.

How to cite this article

Sinha S, Rizvi Y, Dokania A. An Innovative Modified Orbital Implant in Enucleated Eyes for Postoperative Functionality and Cosmesis. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2017;2(1):47-50.
Theoretical Stirling Engine to be The Way of The Future
Authors: Ferral-Smith Hayden , Giannakakis Georgia , Wilson Joshua , Taylor Joshua
Published: June 2017

This meta-study examines the factors which contribute to Stirling engine efficiency. Working fluids should have high specific heat capacity, low viscosity and low density making noble gases the most suitable. Each different working fluid has its own optimum power output at varying pressures and temperatures. The best being Helium at 4.14 MPa and 922K. Dead volume also affects the power output of Stirling engines. Theoretical engines with zero dead volume are ideal but dead volume can occupy over 50% of the engine. Engine configuration also impacts on the efficiency of a Stirling engine. The layout of pistons and cylinders about each other can also have drastic effects on these efficiencies. Currently the most effective engine layout is the ‘gamma’ configuration, which measures 30%-32% efficient.
Ozonolysis of α-phellandrene – Part 1: Gas- and particle-phase characterisation
Authors: Mackenzie-Rae Felix A. , Liu Tengyu , Deng Wei , Saunders Sandra M. , Fang Zheng , Zhang Yanli , Wang Xinming
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The ozonolysis of α-phellandrene, a highly reactive conjugated monoterpene largely emitted by Eucalypt species, is characterised in detail for the first time using a smog chamber at the Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Gas-phase species were monitored by a proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF), with yields from a large number of products obtained, including formaldehyde (5–9 %), acetaldehyde (0.2–8 %), glyoxal (6–23 %), methyl glyoxal (2–9 %), formic acid (22–37 %) and acetic acid (9–22 %). Higher m∕z second-generation oxidation products were also observed, with products tentatively identified according to a constructed degradation mechanism. OH yields from α-phellandrene and its first-generation products were found to be 35 ± 12 and 15 ± 7 %, respectively, indicative of prominent hydroperoxide channels. An average first-generation rate coefficient was determined as 1.0 ± 0.7  ×  10−16 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at 298 K, showing ozonolysis as a dominant loss process for both α-phellandrene and its first-generation products in the atmosphere. Endocyclic conjugation in α-phellandrene was also found to be conducive to the formation of highly condensible products with a large fraction of the carbon mass partitioning into the aerosol phase, which was monitored with a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS). Nucleation was observed almost instantaneously upon ozonolysis, indicating the rapid formation of extremely low-volatility compounds. Particle nucleation was found to be suppressed by the addition of either NO2 or a Criegee scavenger, with it being proposed that stabilised Criegee intermediates are important for new particle formation in the system. Aerosol yields ranged from 25 to 174 % depending on mass loadings, with both first- and second-generation products identified as large contributors to the aerosol mass. In short, with a high chemical reactivity and aerosol-forming propensity, α-phellandrene is expected to have an immediate impact on the local environment to which it is emitted, with ozonolysis likely to be an important contributor to the significant blue haze and frequent nocturnal nucleation events observed over Eucalypt forests.
Inconsistent decadal variations between surface and free tropospheric nitrogen oxides over United States
Authors: Jiang Zhe , Worden Helen , Worden John R. , Henze Daven K. , Jones Dylan B. A. , Arellano Avelino F. , Fischer Emily V. , Zhu Liye , Miyazaki Kazuyuki , Boersma K. Folkert , Payne Vivienne H.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Decreases in surface emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) in North America have led to substantial improvements in air-quality over the last several decades. Here we show that satellite observations of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns over the contiguous United States (US) do not decrease after about 2009, while surface NO2 concentrations continue to decline through to the present. This divergence, if it continues, could have a substantial impact on surface air quality due to mixing of free-tropospheric air into the boundary layer. Our results show only limited contributions from local effects such as fossil fuel emissions, lightning, or instrument artifacts, but we do find a possible relationship of NO2 changes to decadal climate variability. Our analysis demonstrates that the intensity of transpacific transport is stronger in El Niño years and weaker in La Niña years, and consequently, that decadal-scale climate variability impacts the contribution of Asian emissions on North American atmospheric composition. Because of the short lifetime, it is usually believed that the direct contribution of long-range transport to tropospheric NOx distribution is limited. If our hypothesis about transported Asian emissions is correct, then this observed divergence between satellite and surface NOx could indicate mechanisms that allow for either NOx or its reservoir species to have a larger than expected effect on North American tropospheric composition. These results therefore suggest more aircraft and satellite studies to determine the possible missing processes in our understanding of the long-range transport of tropospheric NOx.
Satellite-based high-resolution mapping of rainfall over southern Africa
Authors: Meyer Hanna , Drönner Johannes , Nauss Thomas
Published: June 2017

Abstract. A spatially explicit mapping of rainfall is necessary for southern Africa for eco-climatological studies or nowcasting but accurate estimates are still a challenging task. This study presents a method to estimate hourly rainfall based on data from the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI). Rainfall measurements from about 350 weather stations from 2010–2014 served as ground truth for calibration and validation. SEVIRI and weather station data were used to train neural networks that allowed the estimation of rainfall area and rainfall quantities over all times of the day. The results revealed that 60 % of recorded rainfall events were correctly classified by the model (probability of detection, POD). However, the false alarm ratio (FAR) was high (0.80), leading to a Heidke skill score (HSS) of 0.18. Estimated hourly rainfall quantities were estimated with an average hourly correlation of ρ = 0. 33 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.72. The correlation increased with temporal aggregation to 0.52 (daily), 0.67 (weekly) and 0.71 (monthly). The main weakness was the overestimation of rainfall events. The model results were compared to the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission. Despite being a comparably simple approach, the presented MSG-based rainfall retrieval outperformed GPM IMERG in terms of rainfall area detection: GPM IMERG had a considerably lower POD. The HSS was not significantly different compared to the MSG-based retrieval due to a lower FAR of GPM IMERG. There were no further significant differences between the MSG-based retrieval and GPM IMERG in terms of correlation with the observed rainfall quantities. The MSG-based retrieval, however, provides rainfall in a higher spatial resolution. Though estimating rainfall from satellite data remains challenging, especially at high temporal resolutions, this study showed promising results towards improved spatio-temporal estimates of rainfall over southern Africa.
Studying the variability in the diurnal and seasonal variations in GPS total electron content over Nigeria
Authors: Eyelade Victor Adetayo , Adewale Adekola Olajide , Akala Andrew Ovie , Bolaji Olawale Segun , Rabiu A. Babatunde
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The study of diurnal and seasonal variations in total electron content (TEC) over Nigeria has been prompted by the recent increase in the number of GPS continuously operating reference stations (CORSs) across Nigeria as well as the reduced costs of microcomputing. The GPS data engaged in this study were recorded in the year 2012 at nine stations in Nigeria located between geomagnetic latitudes – 4.33 and 0.72° N. The GPS data were used to derive GPS TEC, which was analysed for diurnal and seasonal variations. The results obtained were used to produce local GPS TEC maps and bar charts. The derived GPS TEC across all the stations demonstrates consistent minimum diurnal variations during the pre-sunrise hours 04:00 to 06:00 LT, increases with sharp gradient during the sunrise period (∼ 07:00 to 09:00 LT), attains postnoon maximum at about 14:00 LT, and then falls to a minimum just before sunset. Generally, daytime variations are found to be greater than nighttime variations, which range between 0 and 5 TECU. The seasonal variation depicts a semi-annual distribution with higher values (∼ 25–30 TECU) around equinoxes and lower values (∼ 20–25 TECU) around solstices. The December Solstice magnitude is slightly higher than the June Solstice magnitude at all stations, while March Equinox magnitude is also slightly higher than September Equinox magnitude at all stations. Thus, the seasonal variation shows an asymmetry in equinoxes and solstices, with the month of October displaying the highest values of GPS TEC across the latitudes.
Planktonic foraminifera-derived environmental DNA extracted from abyssal sediments preserves patterns of plankton macroecology
Authors: Morard Raphaël , Lejzerowicz Franck , Darling Kate F. , Lecroq-Bennet Béatrice , Winther Pedersen Mikkel , Orlando Ludovic , Pawlowski Jan , Mulitza Stefan , de Vargas Colomban , Kucera Michal
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Deep-sea sediments constitute a unique archive of ocean change, fueled by a permanent rain of mineral and organic remains from the surface ocean. Until now, paleo-ecological analyses of this archive have been mostly based on information from taxa leaving fossils. In theory, environmental DNA (eDNA) in the sediment has the potential to provide information on non-fossilized taxa, allowing more comprehensive interpretations of the fossil record. Yet, the process controlling the transport and deposition of eDNA onto the sediment and the extent to which it preserves the features of past oceanic biota remains unknown. Planktonic foraminifera are the ideal taxa to allow an assessment of the eDNA signal modification during deposition because their fossils are well preserved in the sediment and their morphological taxonomy is documented by DNA barcodes. Specifically, we re-analyze foraminiferal-specific metabarcodes from 31 deep-sea sediment samples, which were shown to contain a small fraction of sequences from planktonic foraminifera. We confirm that the largest portion of the metabarcode originates from benthic bottom-dwelling foraminifera, representing the in situ community, but a small portion (< 10 %) of the metabarcodes can be unambiguously assigned to planktonic taxa. These organisms live exclusively in the surface ocean and the recovered barcodes thus represent an allochthonous component deposited with the rain of organic remains from the surface ocean. We take advantage of the planktonic foraminifera portion of the metabarcodes to establish to what extent the structure of the surface ocean biota is preserved in sedimentary eDNA. We show that planktonic foraminifera DNA is preserved in a range of marine sediment types, the composition of the recovered eDNA metabarcode is replicable and that both the similarity structure and the diversity pattern are preserved. Our results suggest that sedimentary eDNA could preserve the ecological structure of the entire pelagic community, including non-fossilized taxa, thus opening new avenues for paleoceanographic and paleoecological studies.
A zero power warming chamber for investigating plant responses to rising temperature
Authors: Lewin Keith F. , McMahon Andrew , Ely Kim S. , Serbin Shawn P. , Rogers Alistair
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Advances in understanding and model representation of plant and ecosystem responses to rising temperature have typically required temperature manipulation of research plots, particularly when considering warming scenarios that exceed current climate envelopes. In remote or logistically challenging locations, passive warming using solar radiation is often the only viable approach for temperature manipulation. However, current passive warming approaches are only able to elevate the mean daily air temperature by ~ 1.5 °C. Motivated by our need to understand temperature acclimation in the Arctic, where warming has been markedly greater than the global average and where future warming is projected to be ~ 2–3 °C by the middle of the century; we have developed an alternative approach to passive warming. Our Zero Power Warming (ZPW) chamber requires no electrical power for fully autonomous operation. It uses a novel system of internal and external heat exchangers that allow differential actuation of pistons in coupled cylinders to control chamber venting. This enables the ZPW chamber venting to respond to the difference between the external and internal air temperatures, thereby increasing the potential for warming and eliminating the risk of overheating. On the coastal tundra of northern Alaska our ZPW chamber was able to elevate the mean daily air temperature 2.6 °C above ambient, double the warming achieved by an adjacent passively warmed control chamber that lacked our hydraulic system. We describe the construction, evaluation and performance of our ZPW chamber and discuss the impact of potential artefacts associated with the design and its operation on the Arctic tundra. The approach we describe is highly flexible and tuneable enabling customization for use in many different environments where significantly greater temperature manipulation than that possible with existing passive warming approaches is desired.
A global wetland methane emissions and uncertainty dataset for atmospheric chemical transport models (WetCHARTs version 1.0)
Authors: Bloom A. Anthony , Bowman Kevin W. , Lee Meemong , Turner Alexander J. , Schroeder Ronny , Worden John R. , Weidner Richard , McDonald Kyle C. , Jacob Daniel J.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Wetland emissions remain one of the principal sources of uncertainty in the global atmospheric methane (CH4) budget, largely due to poorly constrained process controls on CH4 production in waterlogged soils. Process-based estimates of global wetland CH4 emissions and their associated uncertainties can provide crucial prior information for model-based top-down CH4 emission estimates. Here we construct a global wetland CH4 emission model ensemble for use in atmospheric chemical transport models (WetCHARTs version 1.0). Our 0.5°  ×  0.5° resolution model ensemble is based on satellite-derived surface water extent and precipitation reanalyses, nine heterotrophic respiration simulations (eight carbon cycle models and a data-constrained terrestrial carbon cycle analysis) and three temperature dependence parameterizations for the period 2009–2010; an extended ensemble subset based solely on precipitation and the data-constrained terrestrial carbon cycle analysis is derived for the period 2001–2015. We incorporate the mean of the full and extended model ensembles into GEOS-Chem and compare the model against surface measurements of atmospheric CH4; the model performance (site-level and zonal mean anomaly residuals) compares favourably against published wetland CH4 emissions scenarios. We find that uncertainties in carbon decomposition rates and the wetland extent together account for more than 80 % of the dominant uncertainty in the timing, magnitude and seasonal variability in wetland CH4 emissions, although uncertainty in the temperature CH4 : C dependence is a significant contributor to seasonal variations in mid-latitude wetland CH4 emissions. The combination of satellite, carbon cycle models and temperature dependence parameterizations provides a physically informed structural a priori uncertainty that is critical for top-down estimates of wetland CH4 fluxes. Specifically, our ensemble can provide enhanced information on the prior CH4 emission uncertainty and the error covariance structure, as well as a means for using posterior flux estimates and their uncertainties to quantitatively constrain the biogeochemical process controls of global wetland CH4 emissions.
Ocean swell within the kinetic equation for water waves
Authors: Badulin Sergei I. , Zakharov Vladimir E.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Results of extensive simulations of swell evolution within the duration-limited setup for the kinetic Hasselmann equation for long durations of up to 2  ×  106 s are presented. Basic solutions of the theory of weak turbulence, the so-called Kolmogorov–Zakharov solutions, are shown to be relevant to the results of the simulations. Features of self-similarity of wave spectra are detailed and their impact on methods of ocean swell monitoring is discussed. Essential drop in wave energy (wave height) due to wave–wave interactions is found at the initial stages of swell evolution (on the order of 1000 km for typical parameters of the ocean swell). At longer times, wave–wave interactions are responsible for a universal angular distribution of wave spectra in a wide range of initial conditions. Weak power-law attenuation of swell within the Hasselmann equation is not consistent with results of ocean swell tracking from satellite altimetry and SAR (synthetic aperture radar) data. At the same time, the relatively fast weakening of wave–wave interactions makes the swell evolution sensitive to other effects. In particular, as shown, coupling with locally generated wind waves can force the swell to grow in relatively light winds.
Lagrange form of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation for low-vorticity waves in deep water
Authors: Abrashkin Anatoly , Pelinovsky Efim
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation describing the propagation of weakly rotational wave packets in an infinitely deep fluid in Lagrangian coordinates has been derived. The vorticity is assumed to be an arbitrary function of Lagrangian coordinates and quadratic in the small parameter proportional to the wave steepness. The vorticity effects manifest themselves in a shift of the wave number in the carrier wave and in variation in the coefficient multiplying the nonlinear term. In the case of vorticity dependence on the vertical Lagrangian coordinate only (Gouyon waves), the shift of the wave number and the respective coefficient are constant. When the vorticity is dependent on both Lagrangian coordinates, the shift of the wave number is horizontally inhomogeneous. There are special cases (e.g., Gerstner waves) in which the vorticity is proportional to the squared wave amplitude and nonlinearity disappears, thus making the equations for wave packet dynamics linear. It is shown that the NLS solution for weakly rotational waves in the Eulerian variables may be obtained from the Lagrangian solution by simply changing the horizontal coordinates.
Metodología para el análisis de la accesibilidad tecnoló-gica de las personas con discapacidad: triangulación y elaboración de indicadores
Authors: V. Ferreira Miguel A. , Toboso Martín Mario , Patricio Pedraza Francisco
Published: June 2017

La accesibilidad tecnológica de las personas con discapacidad es abordada exclusivamente a partir de la concepción y perspectiva de los expertos, sin tener en cuenta a los/as usuarios/as. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo subsanar ese déficit, tratando de desarrollar un instrumento de investigación útil el diseño tecnológico y la mejora en la accesibilidad, incorporando, para ello, un estudio en profundidad de la relación entre las personas con discapacidad y la tecnología. Denominamos a dicha metodología proMITIA (—propuesta de una— Metodología de Investigación Triangular para la elaboración de Indicadores de Accesibilidad). La misma comporta tres fases de desarrollo: una primera basada en cuestionarios exploratorios; una segunda que aplica técnicas de investigación cualitativas articuladas de manera triangular; por último, la codificación de la información mediante un conjunto de indicadores de accesibilidad.
Transparencia pública en la regeneración democrática: la necesidad de visibilizar las agendas institucionales en España
Authors: Méndez Juez Marta
Published: June 2017

En la actualidad, es necesario repensar nuestro pacto de convivencia pacífica para suplir la falta de confianza de los ciudadanos en las instituciones político-administrativas. Un sistema democrático avanzado no puede funcionar sin transparencia y, por ende, sin que se asegure el pleno ejercicio del derecho ciudadano a la información pública. Tal derecho, entendido desde la obligación a la transparencia activa de datos por parte de las instituciones, precisa que las fuentes suministradoras de información pública difundan al máximo nivel posible los recursos que poseen. La posibilidad de que los ciudadanos tengan acceso al contenido de las agendas gubernamentales produce un efecto positivo en dos direcciones, ya que, por una parte, vincula a los ejecutivos en el fiel cumplimiento de sus programaciones y, por otra parte, propicia que la sociedad controle la idoneidad y eficacia de la acción gubernamental.
The Women of Afghanistan: Past and Present Challenges
Authors: Diyarbakirlioglu Kaan , Yigit Sureyya
Published: June 2017

Women face tough challenges in developing countries which usually enforce strong traditional stereotypes. Afghanistan is a good example where women have experienced both radical and moderate changes. Some of the changes have ameliorated their position in society whereas for the most part the changes endured have kept them from fulfilling their potential roles in a traditional patriarchal structure. This article attempts to highlight the various fluctuations that have occurred in the 19th and 20th centuries, paying special attention to the period during and after the Soviet invasion of 1978. Afghan women possess legal rights which are on a par with other developed states but it is the implementation of these rights which leaves much to be desired. The impact of culture and history cannot be minimised when trying to explain the obstacles faced in improving Afghan women’s rights.
The Structure of Emotional Intelligence, Spiritual Intelligence and Its Relationship with Work Enthusiasm and Auditor Performance
Authors: Hasanuddin Rusdiah , Sjahruddin Herman
Published: June 2017

This study aimed to test empirically the effect of emotional and spiritual intelligence to the enthusiasm of the work and performance of auditors. The study population was auditor who works at Public Accountant Office and Ministry of Finance of Indonesia South Sulawesi region. Online distribution of questionnaires carried out and from the results of the questionnaire, obtained 91 questionnaires that can be analyzed. Instrument research measured using Likert Scale point 1 to point 5. Engineering variance-based SEM (SEMPLS) with WarpPLS 5.0 used in this study. The results of the study provide evidence that emotional intelligence positive and significant effect on work enthusiasm. High spiritual intelligence in the same direction but did not significantly affect the increase in the work enthusiasm. Emotional intelligence has an insignificant effect on auditor performance. Spiritual intelligence has a real effect to improve the auditors’ performance. Work enthusiasm has a positive and significant effect on auditors’ performance. Emotional intelligence through the work enthusiasm has a significant effect on auditors’ performance. Spiritual intelligence through work enthusiasm has an insignificant effect on auditors’ performance.
AVALIAÇÃO DA SATISFAÇÃO DE USUÁRIOS CIRÚRGICOS DE HOSPITAIS DE ENSINO: ANÁLISE DA TANGIBILIDADE
Authors: Silva Maria Paula Custódio , Duarte Joyce Mara Gabriel , Costa Nara Dos Santos , Tirones Andréia Silva Dutra , Simões Ana Lúcia De Assis
Published: June 2017

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a satisfação de clientes cirúrgicos de hospitais de ensino de Uberaba/ Minas Gerais, quanto à dimensão tangibilidade. Foram entrevistados 228 clientes, através de um questionário sociodemográfico e o instrumento baseado na escala SERVQUAL, cujos itens de 1 a 4 são relativos à dimensão tangibilidade. Os dados foram coletados entre julho de 2013 e fevereiro de 2014, e analisados através do programa estatístico Statistical Package for Social Sciences. A análise da expectativa e percepção em relação ao domínio tangibilidade evidenciou que os clientes esperam que o hospital apresente estrutura física conservada e moderna, que a equipe tenha uma aparência pessoal adequada ao ambiente e que haja informação disponível de fácil compreensão. Já as médias do gap variaram entre -0,31 (s= 1,07) e -0,05 (s=0,75). A dimensão tangibilidade indicou insatisfação, ou seja, não atendeu as expectativas dos participantes em relação aos objetos tangíveis.
O CUIDADO NO PRÉ-NATAL: UM VALOR EM QUESTÃO
Authors: Da Silva Luana Asturiano , Alves Valdecyr Herdy , Rodrigues Diego Pereira , Dos Santos Márcia Vieira , Guerra Juliana Vidal Vieira , Marchiori Giovanna Rosário Soanno
Published: June 2017

O estudo objetivou compreender os valores instituídos nos discursos dos profissionais da saúde sobre a assistência pré-natal. Estudo fenomenológico, realizado com a técnica da entrevista semiestruturada, no período de janeiro a abril de 2015, com 14 profissionais de saúde (médicos e enfermeiros) de quatro Unidades da Atenção Básica do município de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os depoimentos foram submetidos à análise compreensiva e interpretados com base na Teoria dos Valores de Max Scheler, permitindo emergir duas categorias: O valor vínculo como processo de qualidade para o acompanhamento pré-natal: o valor afetivo; O olhar para a prevenção como valor vital na consulta do pré-natal. Desse modo, os profissionais relataram uma concepção vital de seus valores com base no pensamento Scheleriano, e somados para que a rede de atenção ao pré-natal tenha uma adequação com foco na mulher, em prol de um avanço qualificado da assistência pré-natal.
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DA MORTALIDADE MASCULINA: CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA ENFERMAGEM
Authors: De Oliveira Jeane Cristina Anschau Xavier , Corrêa Áurea Christina de Paula , Arruda e Silva Luanna , Mozer Isabele Torquato , Medeiros Renata Marien Knupp
Published: June 2017

Este estudo teve por objetivo descrever a mortalidade da população masculina na faixa etária de 20 a 59 anos em Cuiabá/Mato Grosso, no período de 2002 a 2012, segundo as condições sociodemográficas, grupo de causas, ocorrência e assistência ao óbito. Estudo ecológico, constituído por 6.050 registros de óbitos de homens com idade entre 20 a 59 anos, residentes em Cuiabá/Mato Grosso. Realizada análise descritiva com frequência absoluta e relativa e cálculo de coeficientes de mortalidade padronizados.Verificou-se que os homens solteiros, pardos, com idade entre 20 a 49 anos e com escolaridade inferior a 11 anos morrem devido a agravos relacionados a Causas Externas, Doenças do Aparelho Circulatório e Neoplasias Malignas. Considerando a maior frequência de mortes masculinas por causas evitáveis, destaca-se a importância de investimentos em promoção da saúde e prevenção de agravos na atenção primária. Evidenciou-se baixa qualidade nos registros por incompletude dos dados disponíveis.