bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histopathological Assessment of Dental Fluorosis
Authors: Adnan Kashif , Shabir Mujtaba , Riaz Syed Muhammad Hamza , Kumar Dinesh , Siddiq Fatima , Akhtar Sana
Published: December 2023

Objective: This study aims to conduct a comprehensive histopathological assessment of dental fluorosis across varying levels of severity and establish correlations with observable clinical symptoms. The research also examines the relationship between fluoride concentration and the extent of fluorosis, contributing to the understanding of this oral health concern. Study Design: Secondary data analysis Methods: In order to analyze quantitative data on dental fluorosis from reliable resources like PubMed and specialized journals, the research approach used SPSS. By PRISMA principles, we also consulted grey literature for information. Descriptive statistics provided initial insights after data cleansing. Pearson's correlation revealed relationships between the severity of dental fluorosis and histological alterations. These correlations were subsequently analyzed using multiple regression techniques. A one-way ANOVA was used to analyze geographic variations in symptoms, and a meta-analytic technique guaranteed the accuracy of the data. Results: The findings underscore the strong correlation between elevated fluoride levels and heightened fluorosis severity, aligning with previous research in the field. The study emphasizes the necessity of effective fluoride regulation and monitoring in water sources to prevent the development of fluorosis. These insights hold implications for dental practices and public health strategies, necessitating community education on fluoride sources and enhanced diagnostic and treatment approaches by healthcare professionals. Conclusion: The study's outcomes underscore the significance of empirical research in enhancing public health initiatives and shaping preventive interventions. By focusing on longitudinal investigations, geographically comparative studies, and meticulous risk assessments, future research can contribute to a more nuanced understanding of fluorosis and facilitate evidence-based preventive measures. Implementing these recommendations will aid in improving our comprehension of fluorosis, safeguarding community health, and empowering individuals to make informed decisions regarding fluoride exposure. Keywords: Dental fluorosis, Fluoride concentration, Histopathological assessment, Severity, Public health initiatives.
DNA Damage in Predatory Insects Comet Assay and Different Bioassay for Insecticides in Insects
Authors: Irshad Hafza , Irfan Saad , Noureen Asia , Ali Arshad , . Inamullah , Badshah Farhad , Malook Muhammad Babar
Published: December 2023

Aim: This study aims to quantify DNA damage in predatory insects by the use of a comet assay or a bioassay designed for insecticides, and to identify the primary parameters that influence the efficacy of a bioassay or a comet test. Methods: The present study involved the implementation of a qualitative analysis of the comet assay as a methodological approach. A group of scientists has studied DNA damage in predatory insects. Their research focused on understanding the impact of environmental factors on the DNA of these insects. Results: By analyzing the DNA damage, they were able to identify potential threats to their survival and develop strategies for their conservation. The comet assay has revealed both the overall extent of damage in cells of predatory insects and the severity of damage incurred by individual cells. The comet assay is a field that can and should expand and diversify. Practical Implications: Recent advances in the area include high throughput variants of the method, investigations into epigenetics via methylation, chromosome-separated comets, and the isolation of individual genes from inside the comet. Conclusion: The problem at hand is and has been the laborious process of rating comets. The field of cometology is on the verge of adopting a fully automated photo analysis system, but first they need one. Meanwhile, once every two years, researchers from all around the world gather to share their latest findings and debate the latest developments in their field at the International Comet Assay Workshop. Keywords: Bioassay, Cometassay, DNA, Insects
Relationship Between Calcium and Vitamin D Level and Bone Stress Fracture in Young Athletes
Authors: Khan Ziauddin , Anwar Brig. Adnan , Afsar Adnan , Jameel Awais , Sabir Kamran , Nawaz Tahir
Published: December 2023

Objective: To determine the association of vitamin D and serum calcium with stress fractures in young athletes. Methods: In this prospective case-control study, we included 160 young athletes who presented to the department of orthopedics, CMH Abbottabad from June-2022 to January-2023. Among those there were 80 patients who presented with stress fractures and 80 patients were those who presented with lower extremity fractures other than stress fractures. Serum calcium and vit. D levels were determined in all patients. Results: Mean age in patients with stress fractures (cases) was 20.3±6.1 years while those in control group was 21.7±8.4 years (p-value 0.22). Mean vit. D levels were significantly lower in cases group; 24.64±11.2 ng/mL versus 30.2±14.7 ng/mL in control group (p-value 0.007). Mean serum PTH levels were no statistically significantly different between the groups; 3.2±1.3 pmol/L versus 3.4±1.7 pmol/L in cases and control group respectively, p-value 0.40. Serum calcium levels in cases were lower; 1.9±0.8 mmol/L in comparison to control group; 2.1±0.7 mmol/L, with p-value 0.01. Conclusion: There is a significant association of serum calcium and vitamin D levels with stress fractures. So regular intake of vitamin D containing foods and milk products should be advised to young athletes to reduce the risk of stress fractures. Keywords: Stress fractures, Athletes, calcium, Vitamin D.
Breaking the Barrier: Understanding Women’s Perceptions and Knowledge of Contraceptive Methods
Authors: Farooq Khan Mohammad Mustafa , Zafar Nosheen , Sohail Kinza , Jathol Mahnoor , Talha Mumtaz, Muhammad , Bibi Gul
Published: December 2023

Objective; to identify barriers that prevents to access contraception among female Secondary objective was to determine the sources of awareness that can improve access to and use of family planning services. Methodology; A Cross sectional survey was carried out on in Public and private gynecological setups of Lahore. Sample of 300 women, focuses on family planning among women aged 18 to 45 in Lahore, were surveyed from January to May 2022. Categorical data was presented in the form of frequency and percentages and graphs. Results: Among the subjects 128(42.67%) were using Oral contraceptives, 85(28.33%) were using Condoms, 39(13%) were using Intrauterine Devices (IUDs), 28(9.33%) were using Injectable Contraceptives, 14(4.67%) had used Emergency Contraception and only 6( 2%) have Implants. On inquiring regarding source of information 184(61.30%) replied from Healthcare Provider, 72(24%) received from Friends / Family, 26(8.70%) get information from Media (TV/ Radio), 17(5.70%) learn from Internet and 1(0.30%) has other source of information. Among the barriers in using contraceptives 155(51.70%) replied Lack of awareness, 92(30.70%) replied Cultural/ religious beliefs, 44(14.70%) replied Lack of healthcare facilities, 25(8.30%) replied Fear of side effects and 20(6.70%) replied Cost of Contraception Conclusion: The study found that although many women are interested in using various contraception methods, several barriers exist that prevent them from accessing and using these services. The primary barriers include lack of knowledge, cultural and religious beliefs, limited access to healthcare facilities, fear of side effects, and contraception costs. Keywords: Contraceptive Methods, Knowledge, Women, Barriers
The Diagnostic Accuracy of Electrocardiogram in Differentiating Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy in Patients Presenting as Anterior Wall St-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Taking Coronary Angiography as Gold Standard
Authors: Muneeb Muhammad , Niazi Atta Ullah Khan , Chatha Zanib Javed , Khan Ammar Hameed
Published: December 2023

Myocardial infarction: Myocardial infarction is the irreparable damage to heart muscles resulting in necrosis & is the leading cause of death; resulting in 500,000-700,000 important deaths related to the coronary artery occur each year. Cardiovascular disease is the most common reason resulting in premature mortality as well as morbidity among various ethnic group of white, black and Hispanic populations. Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: TCM is a condition that affects the heart reversible syndrome, characteristic of decrease(hypokinesia)/ near absent movement (akinesia) of distal half of interventricular septum & cardiac apex showed as apical ballooning on echocardiogram with absence of an obstructive defect in epicardial coronary arteries following an emotional disturbance. Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of electrocardiographic findings (elevation < 1mm Takotsubo cardiomyopathy can be identified in lead V1 in patients who have anterior wall ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction by taking coronary angiography as gold standard. Design: Cross-sectional survey Subjects & Methods: Using 250 incidences in the sample, and a 95% confidence level, a 13% error margin, and the anticipated percentage of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy i.e, 18% by using 74.2% sensitivity and 80.6% specificity of electrocardiographic findings i.e, ST-elevation of > 1mm in V1 in the detection of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy when myocardial infarction with ST-elevation in the anterior wall is the presenting symptom and coronary angiography as gold standard2. Results: The patients were 49 + 13 years old on average. Sensitivity & specificity of ECG criteria were 40.78% & 78.65%. The positive & negative predictive values were 43.28% & 76.5% respectively. Practical Implication: Our study showed negative association of ST-elevation of >1mm in ECG lead V1 to differentiate TC from anterior wall myocardial infarction. Further studies should be done to probe into the diagnostic accuracy of ECG in differentiating TC from acute anterior wall myocardial infarction. Conclusion: Electrocardiography is not diagnostic for distinguishing acute anterior wall pain from Takotsubo cardiomyopathy myocardial infarction so additional investigations need to be performed to diagnose the Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy. Keywords: Myocardial infarction, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, Electrocardiogram, diagnostic accuracy Coronary angiography.
Prevalence of Diastasis Recti Abdominis in a Gynecological Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ameer Asma , Waqar Huma , Ayub Shanza , Ilyas Aqsa , Umar Bilal , Khan Sara
Published: December 2023

Background: Diastasis recti is the divarication of rectus abdominal muscles due to the splitting of the mid-line collagen structure called the linea alba. It results in poor body biomechanics and alteration in the center of gravity of the body. It occurs mostly in multiparous females and in those who have poorly toned abdominal musculature. Physical activity and maternal care are significant to resolve this condition. Objective: The purpose of the study is to substantiate the prevalence of diastasis recti in a sample of immediate post-partum females attended by the Allied Hospital of Faisalabad. The aim is to create awareness of DRAM in clinical settings and the general population. Study design: This is a cross-sectional study that included 90 samples of females in the immediate postpartum period. Methodology: Specific assessment was done by finger-width method manually and confirmed the presence of DRAM. The umbilical region was the set point from which measurements were taken. Results and Conclusions: The separation was present and mostly affected the multiparous females. The study showed 63.3% prevalence and normal rectus abdominis is 36.7%. It also verified that 42.2% of females suffered from DRAM above the navel out of 63.3% and the rest are below the umbilicus. DRAM was prevalent to be in the majority of post-partum females. It was more present in the supra-umbilical region. Keywords: Pregnancy, rectus abdominis, multiparous, primiparous, physiotherapy.
Frequency of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Patients Presenting with Abdominal Pain to Ayub Teaching Hospital
Authors: Riaz Ummarah , Fiaz Bushra , Akbar Hania , Rahim Muhammad , Alam Sardar , Khan Hafizullah
Published: December 2023

The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic and sometimes disabling functional bowel disorder. The Rome IV criteria, derived from a consensus process by a multinational group of experts in functional gastrointestinal disorders, constitute the current standard for diagnosing IBS. According to defecation ir in association with a change in stool frequency or form. Bloating is a common accompanying symptom. Symptoms must be chronic, occurring at least once per week, on average, in the previous 3 months, with a duration of at least 6 months. IBS is 2-4 times common in females and genetic predisposition is suggested by evidence and 33% of patients have family history of IBS. Some dietary factors and psychological issues like anxiety and stress are also associated with IBS. Objectives: The present study was conducted to determine the frequency of irritable bowel syndrome in in patients presenting with abdominal pain in gastroenterology OPD Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad. Material and Methods: This Cross sectional ( descriptive) study was carried out in the Departmen t of Gastroenterology of Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad from September 2018 to February 2019 .The study population was included, Presenting with abdominal pain of either gender having age between 15 to 60 years.A detailed history was taken from the patient with clinical examination was performed on each participant. IBS was diagnosed by using ROME IV criteria. Strictly exclusion criteria were followed to control the confounders Results: Mean age of the patients was 44.66±11.486 ranging from 15 to 60 years of age, mean duration of abdominal pain was 3.38±5.714 ranging from 1 to 48 months and mean duration of symptoms was 13.30±5.268 ranging from 8 to 20 days. In frequency of gender of patients there were 117(59.7%) male and 79(40.3%) female. In frequency of irritable bowel syndrome, there were 35(17.9%) had irritable bowel syndrome while 161(82.1%) had no IBS. Conclusion: The diagnosis of IBS relies on the identification of characteristic symptoms and the exclusion of other organic diseases. Management of patients with IBS is optimized by an individualized, holistic approach that embraces dietary, lifestyle, medical, and behavioral interventions. Keywords: Irritable bowel syndrome, abdominal pain
Investigating the Association between Blood Transfusion and Hepatitis C infection During Pregnancy
Authors: Naz Aasma , Bhutto Yasmeen Rasheed , Memon Kiran , Bhutto Amanullah , Saboor Rukhsana , Devi Durgha , Ramzan Aamir , Aamir Kiran
Published: December 2023

Objective: Aim was determine the association between blood transfusion and hepatitis C infection during pregnancy. Study Design: Descriptive study Place and Duration: Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences Nawabshah. Feb 2021-Jan 2022 Methods: Total 171 pregnant women of age 18-40 years were presented in this study. The patient's age, parity, and other risk factors such as previous operations, vaginal births, and transfusions were recorded, and a thorough physical examination was conducted. Anti HCV positivity on Immunochromatography Test (ICT) was confirmed by Elisa in patients undergoing normal prenatal evaluation. The data collection process followed a carefully crafted proforma. To examine the information, we used SPSS 22.0. Results: Among 171 patients, 82 (47.95%) females had age 18-25 years, 57 (33.3%) patients had age 26-35 years and 32 (18.7%) females had age 36-40 years. 75 (43.6%) cases had BMI >25kg/m2. 49 (28.7%) cases were primigravida and rest 120 (71.3%) cases were multi-gravida. We found 15 (8.8%) cases of HCV positive. Among 15 cases, 8 cases had history of blood transfusion, 3 had history of surgery, 2 cases because of injections and 2 cases had jaundice. Among 15 positive cases, majority of the cases had age 26-35 years. Conclusion: We found in this that blood transfusion is a significantly risk factor for HCV among pregnant females. There is need to educated pregnant females at institution to avoid its prevalence during pregnancy. Keywords: Pregnant Females, Blood transfusion, HCV, Parity
Knowledge and Practices of Dialysis Unit Staff Regarding the Care and Management of Vascular Access Infections
Authors: Hussain Akhtar , Ali Sardar , Ullah Ihsan , Hussain Rashid , Sultan Amir , Khan Ejaz Hassan
Published: December 2023

Background: Vascular access infections among dialysis patients are becoming the major concerns that contribute to a significant morbidity and mortality across the globe. Proper management and care must be planned according to the standard protocols for the prevention of these infections. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge and practices of dialysis staff regarding vascular access infection control in tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar, Pakistan. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on dialysis staff including nurses and technicians (n=58). All hemodialysis staff (Nurses and Technician) was included in the study who were regularly working in dialysis unit and had at least 6 months of dialysis unit experience. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire and checklist with its proper validation. Data was analyzed through SPSS Version-20 for its proper presentation. Results: The finding of the study showed that around 44.94% of the questions were corrected by the nurses and technician on the knowledge assessment questionnaire while looking into their practices 28.5% of the correct practices were followed by them. Additionally it was found that private sector hospital nurses and technician scored more than public sector hospitals in knowledge and practices. Practical implication: It is one of the main responsibilities of the dialysis unit staff to have knowledge regarding vascular access infections. So based on their knowledge, they will maintain the aseptic protocol while practicing, which will ensure a low infection rate and prevent the patient from complications that will improve the patient's experience and reduce the length of stay. Conclusion: It is concluded from the research findings that nurses and technician knowledge and practices are not sufficient to prevent the vascular access infections; therefore they must be trained for the provision of best possible care among the dialysis patients. Keywords: Knowledge, Practice, Vascular Access, Infections, Dialysis, Nurse, Technicians
Review on the fish collagen-based scaffolds in wound healing and tissue engineering
Authors: Meganathan Gomathy , Balasubramanian Balamuralikrishnan , Meyyazhagan Arun , Paul John , Chaudhary Aditi , Pappuswamy Manikantan
Published: December 2023

Collagen from marine organisms is an emerging source in tissue engineering, an alternative to bovine and porcine collagen. Despite the positive results on wound healing from fish collagen scaffolds, the comprehension and advancements in its properties are limited. Given this context, this study aimed to carry out a systematic review to examine the effects of collagen scaffolds on different models of experimental skin wounds, the advantages and its limitations. The search was conducted according to the orientations of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) and the MeSH (Medical Subject Healings) terms used were “Fish Collagen” AND “Wound Healing” AND “Scaffold”. 36 articles in total were sorted out from the databases of Google Scholar and PubMed. After the analysis, the current review covers 10 articles from the beginning of 2017 to March 2023. The results are mainly focused on the different methods of collagen extraction, preparation of scaffolds and its treatment on the animal model along with its effects. To infer, this current review states that, despite the positive effects of collagen on tissue repair and regeneration, no product is available for medical purposes. Thus, this review also demonstrates the huge potential for collagen in tissue engineering.
Rethinking the signature rule and the sufficiency of signatures as evidence of notice of terms in (business-to-business) commercial contracts
Authors: Abdussalam Moshood
Published: December 2023

Using socio-economic analysis, this article critiques the oversimplification at the heart of the signature rule, which governs sufficiency in the notice of terms to a contractual counterparty concerning signed contracts in Commonwealth common law jurisdictions. As demonstrated in this article, two main factors account for the inadequacy of the signature rule as currently conceived. The first is the assumption that commercial entities are sophisticated. Second, in contested cases concerning notice, only manifest onerousness or unusualness of terms should warrant a heightened duty of notification on an offeror. This article argues that the signature rule lacks nuance and should be reformed to account for context-specificity. This is because: a) commercial sophistication is a matter of gradation; and b) terms need not be unusual or onerous to require heightened disclosure requirements – what matters for specific disclosure is the salience or peculiarity of a term.
Repeat glaucoma surgery: modern view of the problem
Authors: Vitkov A. A. , Kuroyedov A. V. , Makarova A. S. , Poleva R. P. , Dorofeev D. A. , Asinovskova I. I.
Published: December 2023

Glaucoma surgery is the most effective way to achieve target levels of intraocular pressure. However, it has significant advantages and disadvantages. The main disadvantage is the temporary nature of its hypotensive effect. The onset of surgical failure can occur at various times after the intervention. A correct assessment of the operation timing and risk factors for excessive scarring, as well as correct perioperative therapy, can prolong the effectiveness of the surgery and reduce the number of repeat operations.

With a wide choice of surgical treatment methods, trabeculectomy remains the most frequently performed intervention. Its effect is better understood and can be considered more controllable. If the surgical treatment of glaucoma is ineffective, it is possible to prescribe a "restart" therapy, activate previously formed outflow tracts, and perform a second intervention. The development of needling technology makes it possible to delay repeat interventions, prolonging the hypotensive effect of the initial operation.
Spontaneous recovery in dairy cows with subclinical endometritis
Authors: Frana Bisang Emanuel Adrián , Barbona Ivana , Marini Pablo Roberto , Vázquez Maria Isabel
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dependence between the time of diagnosis and spontaneous recovery from subclinical endometritis (SE) in dairy cows. Postpartum gynecological control was performed on 512 multiparous Holstein cows, housed in three farms located in the south of the province of Santa Fe (Argentina), from April to October 2022. Experimental cows were those that were diagnosed as healthy, but after endometrial cytology, were positive to SE (n=56). Two gynecological control was performed to every cow with SE. Considering the moment in which the first control was made, cows with SE were separated into two groups: group M1: between 15 and 30 postpartum days (ppd) and group M2: between 31 and 60 ppd. Each group was reviewed after 15 days from the first control. After the second revision, three experimental groups were formed: AC group: cows that recovered spontaneously, ES group: cows that maintained the disease, and EC group: cows that developed clinical endometritis. A 49% of cows were diagnosed as healthy cows. After performing endometrial cytology, 78% of cows were healthy, and the remaining 22% of cows were positive for SE. There was a higher percentage of cows checked during M1 than during M2, and M1 had more than 60% of spontaneous recovery to SE, although these data did not differ between the studied moments (M1 and M2, P>0.05). Cows from the AC group presented an abrupt decrease in the % PMN-N found between the first and second endometrial cytology performed (12.1 ± 1.7 and 1.0 ± 0.2 % PMN, respectively; P>0. 0001). In conclusion, our results showed no dependency between the moment of diagnosis and spontaneous recovery of subclinical endometritis in Holstein dairy cows.
Linguistic features of representing fear in the works of S. King in English and Russian
Authors: Алексанян А.Р.
Published: December 2023

В статье рассматриваются языковые особенности реализации эмоционального со-стояния страха в литературе жанра хоррор на примере произведений Стивена Кинга на английском и русском языках. Обосновывается идея о том, что основные сцены ужаса в художественных произведениях жанра хоррор основаны на детальном описании физиоло-гического и психологического состояния страха персонажей. В результате анализа произ-ведений С. Кинга «Оно» и «Сияние» на английском и русском языках были выделены основные лексические средства реализации эмоционального состояния страха. Анализи-руются также особенности перевода лексических средств, используемых для отражения атмосферы ужаса, на русский язык. Актуальность данного исследования связана со спе-цификой перевода художественной литературы, которая представляет интерес как для теоретиков образования, так и для переводчиков-практиков.

The article examines the linguistic features of representing fear in horror literature on the example of Stephen King's works in English and Russian. The author expresses an idea that the main scenes of horror genre are based on a detailed description of the physiological and psycho-logical state of fear of the characters. As a result of the analysis of S. King’s works “It” and “The Shining” in English and Russian, the main lexical means of expressing fear were identified. The study also analyzes features of the translation into Russian of lexical means used to reflect the atmosphere of horror. The relevance of this study is related to the specifics of the translation of fiction, which is of interest both to educational theorists and to practicing translators.
Impact of religious lexemes on the formation of the naïve picture of the world
Authors: Батурина О.А. , Говенько А.М.
Published: December 2023

В статье рассматривается влияние лексем религиозной направленности на форми-рование наивной картины мира. С опорой на данные словарей русского литературного языка и религиозные источники авторы описывают семантическую наполняемость рели-гиозных лексем. Приводятся примеры употребления в речи верующих религиозных лек-сем. Особое внимание авторы уделяют использованию невербальной лексики в общении верующих людей (на примере христиан и мусульман).

The article examines the influence of religious lexemes on the formation of the naive pic-ture of the world. Based on the data of dictionaries of the Russian language and religious sources, the authors describe the semantic content of religious lexemes. Examples of the use of religious lexemes in the speech of believers are given. The authors pay special attention to the use of non-verbal vocabulary in the communication of believers (on the example of Christians and Muslims.)
The effects of hazelnut pulp adding on sensorial properties of tarhana
Authors: TARAKÇI Zekai , OĞURLU Merve Nur
Published: December 2023

In this study, hazelnut pulp added to tarhana to increase its nutritional properties and create a new product. For this purpose, cold-pressed partially defatted hazelnut pulp obtained and added to the tarhana formulation at certain rates of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%. Sensory tests carried out to measure the liking of tarhana with hazelnut pulp, a new product. In the sensory evaluation, all samples examined in terms of odor, color, taste-aroma, consistency, and general acceptability. Because of the sensory analysis carried out by cooking tarhana in the form of soup, it observed that there was no significant difference between the control group and the tarhana with hazelnut pulp in terms of color, smell, consistency, taste, aroma and general acceptability. However, when the sensory analysis results are examined, it is seen that tarhana with hazelnut pulp received higher scores than the control group.
An Invitation to a New Era of Biblical Theology: Towards an Old Testament Theology of Hospitality
Authors: Melton Brittany N.
Published: December 2023

In the past thirty years, the field of Old Testament theology has largely resisted the idea of a unifying centre, and has instead embraced a plurality of methods to reflect an emphasis on the diversity of perspectives within the Old Testament itself as well as its readership. While recognizing the critique levelled against biblical theology for its disservice to the diversity of the canon, it is argued that fresh articulations of Scripture’s coherence are pivotal for the life of faith. To this end the value of hospitality is posited as an organising principle for a new way forward, and preliminarily supported by an examination of Genesis 18–19 as a foundational text.
The Development of a Design Theory for Web Based Information Systems
Authors: Emadi Jain
Published: December 2023

There is a common assumption among individuals that the complexity involved in developing novel systems utilizing Web technologies implies that Information Systems (IS) that are Web-based must possess fundamental and significant distinctions from conventional IS. This study raises skepticism regarding the veracity of this claim. The literature pertaining to academic research, manuals, and sales material frequently espouses optimistic claims regarding the capabilities of e-commerce and e-business technologies and applications, often grounded in the assumption of novelty associated with the Internet. The objective of the research is to establish a systematic classification system for information systems theory based on its efficacy in addressing four fundamental objectives: analysis, explanation, prescription, and prediction. This study utilized both experimental and descriptive qualitative methodologies. Subsequent to the analysis phase in the system development cycle of information technology, the design phase ensues. The results indicate that the evolution of an information technology system can be delineated by its phases of requirement specification, design planning, and execution. The manifestation of this phenomenon is observed through the development of a strategic blueprint, the production of a visual representation or draft, or the organization of multiple components into a functional entirety. In conclusion, it is imperative for information systems to give priority to both the user and the integration of the system.
Abordaje del Dolor Abdominal Agudo en Niños
Authors: Vindel Laurie , Villeda Sergio
Published: December 2023

El diagnóstico certero del dolor abdominal agudo (48-72 horas) debe basarse en la historia clínica y examen físico, y en la sala de urgencias se utilizará el Triángulo de Evaluación Pediátrica y la secuencia ABCDE , de acuerdo a los diagnósticos diferenciales podría ser necesario la realización de algunos exámenes complementarios.
EL PARADIGMA DE LA GESTIÓN DEL RIESGO FINANCIERO SISTÉMICO EN LA REGULACIÓN BANCARIA HONDUREÑA (DECRETO 160-2016)
Authors: Rivera Licona César Stuardo
Published: December 2023

En este artículo analiza la lógica de la reforma a la regulación bancaria de 2016 en Honduras, que se produjo tras la liquidación forzosa de Banco Continental. Esta reforma adopta nuevos estándares internacionales de regulación bancaria, como los Acuerdos de Basilea. La creación de un nuevo sistema de supervisión de riesgos, que incluye la supervisión de los riesgos sistémicos como reacción a la liquidación de forzosa de Banco Continental, se basa en la idea de que el riesgo financiero no se limita a los bancos individuales, sino que puede propagarse de un banco a otro y provocar una crisis financiera generalizada. Para prevenir estas crisis, las autoridades reguladoras deben adoptar medidas para identificar y gestionar los riesgos sistémicos. En el caso de Honduras, la reforma de 2016 introdujo una serie de medidas para fortalecer la regulación bancaria y prevenir los riesgos sistémicos. Se recurre al método histórico-lógico, lo que permite caracterizar el objeto desde una visión externa, histórica, pero se complementa con un abordaje lógico, que estudia sus características intrínsecas. Se concluye que con la reforma contenida en el decreto 160-2016 se adopta el paradigma de la gestión de los riesgos sistémicos en la regulación bancaria hondureña.
MAGISTRATURAS EN CENTROAMÉRICA Y LOS DESAFIOS DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA EN HONDURAS DURANTE EL PERIODO 2023 -2029
Authors: Servellon Castellanos Diana Yenifer
Published: December 2023

La Justicia representa un derecho humano y uno de los más altos valores de la sociedad, en ese sentido la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos recopila en su artículo 8 y 9 las garantías judiciales, el principio de legalidad y retroactividad mismos que son ejecutados por un juez o tribunal de la competencia de cada país. Acorde con esta idea se creó la figura de las magistraturas, encargadas de la administración de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, facultando al juez para impartir la justicia y ordenar ejecutar lo juzgado. En el caso particular de Honduras en 2022 se realizó el proceso de elección de los candidatos a Magistrados de la Corte Suprema, por ello se considera que este estudio es pertinente para entender de forma general el comportamiento de los procesos en Centroamérica, identificar los patrones y desafíos en Honduras para la elección y nombramiento, el análisis y evolución del marco jurídico hondureño.
Chemical residues that originate from a higher education institution in Brazil
Authors: Queiroz Eduardo Soares de Alcantara , Pertel Monica , Grillo Alexandre Vargas , Dos Santos Felipe Sombra
Published: December 2023

In 2018, a research study was conducted at a Public University in Brazil to investigate the quantity of chemical residues produced during laboratory activities in undergraduate engineering courses. Data was collected from control documents maintained by the institution responsible for recording waste quantities. The results showed that 383.2 liters of solutions were generated with varying compositions. Inorganic solutions without heavy metals produced the highest volume of waste, while halogenated organic solutions produced the smallest. The study highlights the need for better waste segregation and disposal methods to reduce laboratory waste. To minimize the environmental impact of laboratory activities, implementing measures such as proper waste storage, waste exchange, recycling, reverse logistics, and life cycle assessment is essential. Educational institutions need to develop better waste management practices to reduce the amount of waste in landfills.
Adequação da equação de Kienzle para dimensionamento de potência de corte de placas de MDF em esquadrejadeira com serra circular
Authors: Dias Júnior Miguel , Royer Douglas José da Silva , Da Silva Anderson Freitas , Justiniano Anderson Eduardo , Sanchez Renato de Brito
Published: December 2023

O acabamento é de extrema importância na indústria moveleira, uma vez que a estética alavanca as vendas do setor. A Marcenaria Freitas estava com problemas no corte de placas de MDF em uma esquadrejadeira, com refugo de placas, devido a rebarbas e arrancamento lateral da película facial das mesmas, além de haver constantes travamentos da serra circular. O intuito do trabalho foi o de identificar as causas para a dificuldade na operação de corte. Adaptando a equação de Kienzle, ao considerar a serra circular como uma fresa de disco de corte tangencial, foi mensurado a potência necessária para o corte das placas de MDF, realizando um redimensionamento do motor da máquina, além do dimensionamento das polias, correias e alinhamento do conjunto para redução de vibração e o correto atendimento aos requisitos físico-mecânicos para a operação. Após o dimensionamento proposto, houve êxito na operação, melhorando o acabamento na área transversal de corte e evitando a remoção da película lateral das placas de MDF, além de eliminação dos travamentos da serra circular.
Comments by opponents on the British Medical Association’s guidance on non-therapeutic male circumcision of children seem one-sided and may undermine public health
Authors: Moreton Stephen , Cox Guy , Sheldon Mark , Bailis Stefan A , Klausner Jeffrey D , Morris Brian J
Published: December 2023

The British Medical Association (BMA) guidance on non-therapeutic circumcision (NTMC) of male children is limited to ethical, legal and religious issues. Here we evaluate criticisms of the BMA’s guidance by Lempert et al . While their arguments promoting autonomy and consent might be superficially appealing, their claim of high procedural risks and negligible benefits seem one-sided and contrast with high quality evidence of low risk and lifelong benefits. Extensive literature reviews by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in developing evidence-based policies, as well as risk-benefit analyses, have found that the medical benefits of infant NTMC greatly exceed the risks, and there is no reduction in sexual function and pleasure. The BMA’s failure to consider the medical benefits of early childhood NTMC may partly explain why this prophylactic intervention is discouraged in the United Kingdom. The consequence is higher prevalence of preventable infections, adverse medical conditions, suffering and net costs to the UK’s National Health Service for treatment of these. Many of the issues and contradictions in the BMA guidance identified by Lempert et al stem from the BMA’s guidance not being sufficiently evidence-based. Indeed, that document called for a review by others of the medical issues surrounding NTMC. While societal factors apply, ultimately, NTMC can only be justified rationally on scientific, evidence-based grounds. Parents are entitled to an accurate presentation of the medical evidence so that they can make an informed decision. Their decision either for or against NTMC should then be respected.
Prediabetes in children and adolescents: An updated review
Authors: Ng Hak Yung , Chan Louis Tsz Wang
Published: December 2023

Prediabetes, the precursor of type 2 diabetes mellitus, is an intermediate stage between normal glucose homeostasis and overt diabetes. This asymptomatic metabolic state is increasingly prevalent in pediatric population and is very difficult to detect without appropriate screening. Studies have shown that a certain proportion of children with prediabetes will develop diabetes in a few years. Even more alarming is the evidence that youth-onset diabetes has a more aggressive clinical course with progressive beta-cell decline and accelerated end-organ damage. Despite its importance, several aspects involving prediabetes in childhood are disputed or unknown. This review presents the latest insights into this challenging entity and outlines a simplified screening approach to aid clinical practice. In summary, childhood prediabetes is an important clinical condition indicating the need for proper screening and timely intervention.
Materiales supramoleculares: quimiosensores y otras aplicaciones prácticas
Authors: Gomez Vega Pedro Jancarlo , Ochoa Lara Karen L. , Corona Martínez David O. , Juarez Josué , Reyes Márquez Viviana
Published: December 2023

La química supramolecular tiene como uno de sus objetos de estudio el reconocimiento molecular, el cual es un proceso que involucra cierta complementariedad y selectividad por parte de las especies que interactúan entre sí para generar el complejo o supramolécula, este proceso de reconocimiento específico de una molécula hacia otro se ha expandido y aplicado al diseño de sistemas que funcionen como sensores moleculares de diferentes especies ya sea de interés biológico o industrial. El objetivo del presente artículo es presentar el crecimiento y los principales logros que ha tenido este campo de la ciencia y tecnología mediante la revisión de conceptos clásicos en la química supramolecular y la presentación de ejemplos que muestran los principales resultados en cuanto al incremento y el avance en el desarrollo de sensores moleculares disponibles en la actualidad.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v17i4.1316
Efficacy of Ferrous Bis-Glycinate versus Ferrous Sulphate in Children with Iron Deficiency Anemia
Authors: Khan Afzal , Muhammad Lal , Inayatullah . , Ali Sajid , Abdulhaq Alia , Rahman Zainab
Published: December 2023

Iron deficiency anemia is a common pediatric disease and oral iron supplementation is the usual treatment. Newer formulations has been developed to treat iron deficiency anemia in children. Objective: To compare the efficacy of ferrous Bis-Glycinate in children with iron deficiency anemia to the conventional therapy with ferrous sulphate. Methods: In this open labelled prospective clinical trial was performed in children with iron deficiency anemia. Two groups were made, one group was given ferrous sulphate and the other group ferrous bis-glycinate at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day, single daily dose. Patient were followed 04 weekly till 12 weeks and then baselines reviewed. Results: Out of these total 108 children, 64 (59.3%) were male while the remaining 40.7% were female, with mean age was 27.48 in months with SD of 14.1. Iron therapy succefully raised Hb by 3.49 gm/dl as a whole with in Iron Bis –glycinate group as 3.85d/dl while 3.13gm /dl in ferrous sulphate group. The frequency of gastrointestinal adverse symptoms were less in bis-glycinate group. Conclusions: It was concluded that ferrous bis-glyicante has better efficacy to ferrous sulphate in term of Hb rising and has less gastrointestinal side effects.
Prevalence, Risk Factors and Effects of Low Back Pain on Quality of Life among Healthcare Professionals of Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Rafique Nigarish , Farooq Waqas , Umer Zartash , Tariq Fatima , Bukht Rameen , Zeeshan Muhammad , Rukh Mah , Zakar Rubeena , Saleem Javeria
Published: December 2023

Low back pain being a prevalent disease is affecting the quality of life. The health care professionals also experience low back pain due to their nature of work. Objective: To determine the prevalence of low back pain with its contributing factors and its impact on life’s quality of healthcare professionals. Methods: The cross-sectional study design was applied to conduct this study. In this study, a total of 384 health care professionals from different hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan were randomly surveyed. Descriptive statistics and Chi square test used to analyze the data (p-value < 0.05). Results: The frequency of pain in lower back was 63% among health care professionals. A total of 56% female healthcare professionals had low back pain. Risk factors i.e. smoking behavior, poor posture at work, standing time, working hour per day, sleeping disorder and general stress had significant association with pain intensity rating scale (p-value < 0.005). The quality of life of healthcare professionals measured with Oswestry disability index (ODI) had also significant relation with low back pain (p-value < 0.0). Conclusions: In conclusion, the pain in lower back was more prevalent in female healthcare professionals. Occupational risk factors, Smoking behavior, sleeping disorder and general stress were considered as major risk factors. The most useful coping strategy was rest. The quality of life of healthcare professionals were highly effected by low back pain.
Comparative Efficacy of Topical Tacrolimus 0.1% and Clobetasol Propionate 0.05% in the Treatment of Alopecia Areata (AA)
Authors: Sajjad Danyal , Muzaffar Bushra , Siddiqui Muhammad Adeel , Hussain Majid , Aslam Sana , Farid Huma
Published: December 2023

Alopecia areata patients can choose from a variety of therapy methods. Each method has advantages and limitations, and its suitability varies for each patient. The medical usefulness of topical corticosteroids in AA is yet debatable. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of topical tacrolimus 0.1% vs. topical clobetasol propionate 0.05% while treating alopecia areata. Methods: Randomized-controlled trial (Double blind) conducted in Dermatology Department, CMH-Abbottabad, from November 2022 to April 2023. The seventy (70) patients with alopecia areata who attended to OPD of CMH Abbottabad between the ages of 20 and 50 were included. The non-probability consecutive sampling method was used. For up to 3 months, patients in Group A used clobetasol propionate 0.05% twice daily, while patients in Group B used topical tacrolimus 0.1% twice daily. Patients were evaluated at the start of each session, four weeks later, eight weeks later, and twelve weeks later. The SALT score was used to estimate hair loss at presentation and during the 3-month follow-up. The degree of response has been characterized by following hair re-growth as excellent (>75%), marked (51-75%), moderate (26-50%), or mild (25%). A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.  Results: When the efficacy was compared, 26 (74.3%) patients in group-A (mean age 35.23+7.87 years) shown excellent response, while 14 (40%) patients in group-B (mean age 34.29+7.87 years) with significant p-value was 0.028. Conclusions: Clobetasol propionate 0.05% was more efficacious as a therapy choice for stimulating hair re-growth in patients.
New-onset atrial fibrillation among COVID-19 patients: A narrative review
Authors: Talaei Fahimeh , Banga Akshat , Pursell Amanda , Gage Ann , Pallipamu Namratha , Seri Amith Reddy , Adhikari Ramesh , Kashyap Rahul , Surani Salim
Published: December 2023

Over the last three years, research has focused on examining cardiac issues arising from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, including the emergence of new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF). Still, no clinical study was conducted on the persistence of this arrhythmia after COVID-19 recovery. Our objective was to compose a narrative review that investigates COVID-19-associated NOAF, emphasizing the evolving pathophysiological mechanisms akin to those suggested for sustaining AF. Given the distinct strategies involved in the persistence of atrial AF and the crucial burden of persistent AF, we aim to underscore the importance of extended follow-up for COVID-19-associated NOAF. A comprehensive search was conducted for articles published between December 2019 and February 11, 2023, focusing on similarities in the pathophysiology of NOAF after COVID-19 and those persisting AF. Also, the latest data on incidence, morbidity-mortality, and management of NOAF in COVID-19 were investigated. Considerable overlaps between the mechanisms of emerging NOAF after COVID-19 infection and persistent AF were observed, mostly involving reactive oxygen pathways. With potential atrial remodeling associated with NOAF in COVID-19 patients, this group of patients might benefit from long-term follow-up and different management. Future cohort studies could help determine long-term outcomes of NOAF after COVID-19.
Marketing Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises: Literature Study Approach with Bibliometrics
Authors: Zainuddin Muhammad , Sudarmiatin
Published: December 2023

The topic of marketing performance in SMEs in terms of a literature review with a Bibliometric approach has not been widely carried out. The purpose of this study is to review the extent of the topic of Marketing Performance in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Using the help of Harzing Publish or Parish and by analysing using the VOSViewer 1.6.19 application, it was found that there were 232 articles containing articles about Marketing Performance in SMEs. The results of the analysis found that topics often studied in 2020 and above are marketing performance, SMEs performance, entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation, product innovation, competitive advantage and case study. Meanwhile, countries that often conduct research on the topic of SMEs Marketing Performance are Indonesia and Nigeria.