bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Gmelin’s wagtail Motacilla lutea: breeding range, migratory movements and wintering range
Authors: Ferlini Flavio , Alexandrovna Artemyeva Elena
Published: January 2021

The breeding range, the migratory movements, and the wintering range of the yellow-headed wagtail, called Parus luteus from Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin (now Motacilla flava lutea, or Motacilla lutea for some authors), has always been described in very general terms. Some authors pointed out that a modern and detailed map with the real distribution of the lutea is lacking, especially for evaluating the overlap of breeding ranges with other subspecies of Motacilla flava. The purpose of this study is to fill this gap in information by drawing up an updated map of the breeding range, as well as the wintering range and the migratory movements followed by this wagtail. These same aspects are also considered in perspective terms from 1851 to 2018 in order to assess any changes that have occurred over time. This study is based on data obtained from the consultation of 672 bibliographic sources, 40 travel reports, databases (including 6 relating to museum collections), and some websites. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the breeding range of the lutea is located within the area of the Eurasian steppe and forest-steppe with the greatest abundance occurring in two areas in European Russia: the southern one in the floodplain of the Volga River and the northern one in the floodplain of the Kama River. Similarly to what is happening for the subspecies cinereocapilla and feldegg, from the end of the 20th century the lutea is extending its breeding range west and north. The advancement of the lutea to the western and northern regions of the European portion of Russia became possible due to the westward and northern advancement of key plant communities and food supply facilities of this bird. The lutea mainly uses two migratory routes: the Great Rift Valley Flyway and the Central Asian Flyway. The first is used by birds that nest in European Russia and western Kazakhstan to reach Africa, while the second is probably only used by the minority portion of the population that is present in the central and eastern part of Kazakhstan and in the Asian portion of Russia to reach India and Sri Lanka. Starting from the 21st century, the passage of birds towards north of the Black Sea seems to intensify. East Africa is the main wintering area of the lutea, but starting from the last decades of the 20th century, a small part of the birds traveling towards Africa interrupt their migratory journey and wintering in the Arabian Peninsula.
Hydrogel in the seedling growth of Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden under different irrigation management
Authors: Felippe Dionéia , Navroski Marcio Carlos , Pereira Mariane De Oliveira , Baptista Karollyne Renata Silva de Paula
Published: January 2021

This study evaluated the effect of using hydrogel in the planting of Eucalyptus dunnii seedlings in pots, under different water-management regimens. Seedlings of approximately 25 cm height were planted in pots filled with 4.5 L of soil. The experiment was of Completely Randomized Design, in a 2x3 factorial, with absence and presence of hydrogel related to different water-management regimens (irrigation only in planting, every 3 to 6 days). From planting until the 47th day the seedlings were evaluated for the symptoms of water stress, chlorophyll content and gas exchange. Finally, the development of the plants was evaluated using the root dry weights and shoots, as well as by determining the water retention curve. As a result, the use of the polymer yielded an increase in water retention and a delay in the symptoms of drought stress, consequently increasing chlorophyll levels. One can observe the direct effect gas exchange of this kind, where recovery of the variables analyzed 24 h after irrigation was visible. Reviews of dry biomass demonstrated that treatment with the use of hydrogel showed the best development. However, the use of hydro retainer polymer increased the quality of Eucalyptus dunnii seedlings, besides being an alternative planting method in dry periods of the year.
О простых $\mathbb{Z}_3$-инвариантных ростках функций
Authors: Гусейн-Заде Сабир Меджидович , Gusein-Zade Sabir Medzhidovich , Раух Анна-Мария Яновна , Raukh Anna-Mariya Yanovna
Published: January 2021

В. И. Арнольд классифицировал простые (т. е. не имеющие модулей при классификации) особенности
(ростки функций), а также простые краевые особенности: ростки функций, инвариантные относительно действия
$\sigma(x_1; y_1,…, y_n)=(-x_1; y_1,…, y_n)$ группы ${\mathbb Z}_2$. В частности, было показано, что росток
функции (соответственно росток краевой особенности) прост тогда и только тогда, когда форма пересечений
(соответственно ограничение формы пересечений на подпространство антиинвариантных циклов) ростка от $3+4s$ переменных,
стабильно эквивалентного данному, отрицательно определена, тогда и только тогда, когда (эквивариантная) группа
монодромии на соответствующем пространстве конечна. В предыдущей работе авторов были получены аналоги последних
утверждений для ростков функций, инвариантных относительно произвольного действия группы ${\mathbb Z}_2$, а также для
угловых особенностей. В настоящей работе дается аналог критерия простоты в терминах формы пересечений для функций, инвариантных относительно ряда действий (представлений) группы ${\mathbb Z}_3$.
The Torque Referenced to a Perceived Exertion Level Is Affected by the Type of Movement in Men With Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Neto Frederico Ribeiro , Costa Rodrigo Rodrigues Gomes , Avelar Bruna Pereira , de Oliveira Junior Silvio Assis , de Toledo Aline Martins , Carregaro Rodrigo Luiz
Published: January 2021

Objectives:

To compare a standardized submaximal intensity (based on the rate of perceived exertion [RPE]) with the percentage of the average and peak torque during a familiarization session in individuals with different spinal cord injury (SCI) levels in gravity-resisted and gravity-assisted movements.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study at a rehabilitation hospital. Thirty-six individuals stratified in tetraplegia (TP), high paraplegia (HP), and low paraplegia (LP) groups and 12 matched control participants (CG) were enrolled in the study. Participants performed a maximum strength test using isokinetic dynamometry. The familiarization consisted of 10 submaximal repetitions with a level 2 (i.e., 20% of the maximum score) in the Resistance Exercise Scale (OMNI-RES). Fisher’s exact test compared the percentages of the average torque (%ATFam) and peak torque (%PTFam) of the familiarization (based on the peak torque during the maximum strength tests) to the %ATFam and %PTFam attained with 20% of RPE. The coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated to assess the torque dispersion during each familiarization set.

Results:

The %ATFam was lower for gravity-assisted compared to gravity-resisted movements for HP, LP, and CG (p ≤ .05). The CV was significantly lower in gravity-resisted movements during familiarization for TP, LP, and CG.

Conclusion:

Different RPE levels should be adopted for gravity-resisted or gravity-assisted upper limb exercises to maintain the same relative intensity during a familiarization session.
Patient-Reported Bladder, Bowel, and Sexual Function After Cauda Equina Syndrome Secondary to a Herniated Lumbar Intervertebral Disc
Authors: Lam Jordan , deSouza Ruth-Mary , Laycock Jonathan , Perera Duranka , Burford Charlotte , Khan Baha , Grahovac Gordan
Published: January 2021

Background:

Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is rare neurosurgical emergency requiring emergent surgical decompression to prevent bladder, bowel, and sexual dysfunction that can have significant impact on quality of life. There is a paucity of data relating to the prevalence of these long-term complications.

Objective:

The aim of this observational study was to evaluate the long-term prevalence of CES-related bladder, bowel, and sexual dysfunction and impact on quality of life to inform service provision.

Methods:

Participants were selected through coding of operative records of patients who underwent lumbar decompression for CES secondary to a herniated intervertebral disc at two large UK neurosurgical departments between 2011 and 2015 inclusive. A telephone-based survey including both validated and modified tools was used to collect data pertaining to bladder, bowel, and sexual function and impact on quality of life both before development of CES and at the time of the survey, at least 1 year postoperatively.

Results:

Of 135 patients contacted, 71 (42 male, 29 female) responded. Post-CES compared to pre-CES, there was higher prevalence and significant intrarespondent deterioration of bowel dysfunction, bladder dysfunction, perception of bladder function, sexual function, effect of back pain on sex life, and activities of daily living/quality of life (p < .0001 for all). Significant differences in individual questions pre-CES versus post-CES were also found.

Conclusion:

We show high prevalence of long-term bowel, bladder, and sexual dysfunction post-CES, with functional and psychosocial consequences. Our results demonstrate the need for preoperative information and subsequent screening and long-term multidisciplinary support for these complications.
Reliability and Validity of the Functional Gait Assessment in Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Kahn Jennifer H. , Ohlendorf April , Olsen Alison , Gordon Keith E.
Published: January 2021

Background:

There are limited psychometrically sound measures to assess higher level balance in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI).

Objectives:

To evaluate interrater and intrarater reliability and convergent validity of the Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) in individuals with iSCI.

Methods:

Twelve participants (11 male, 1 female) 32 to 73 years old with chronic motor iSCI, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale C (n = 2) or D (n = 10), were included. Participants completed five outcome measures during a single test session including lower extremity motor scores from the International Standards for the Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury, FGA, 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT), Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury (WISCI-II), and the Spinal Cord Injury Functional Ambulation Profile (SCI-FAP).

Results:

Inter- and intrarater reliability for the FGA were excellent. Interrater reliability was excellent with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) scores greater than 0.92 (p < .001). Interrater reliability against an expert was also excellent for all raters, with an ICC greater than or equal to 0.92 (p < .01). Intrarater reliability was excellent with an ICC score of greater than 0.91 (p < .002) for all raters. Validity of the FGA with 10MWT was −0.90 (p = .000), FGA with WISCI-II was 0.74 (p = .006), and FGA with SCI-FAP was −0.83 (p = .001).

Conclusion:

The FGA is a reliable and valid outcome measure to use when assessing gait and balance in individuals with motor iSCI. The FGA provides clinicians with a single tool to utilize across a variety of neurologic diagnoses.
Improvements in Function Following Inpatient Activity-Based Therapy for Children With Acute Flaccid Myelitis
Authors: Hagen Kaitlin , Porter Courtney , Martin Rebecca , Dean Janet , Salorio Cynthia , Sadowsky Cristina
Published: January 2021

Background:

Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is an illness defined by rapid onset of flaccid paralysis in one or more limbs or bulbar muscles, with MRI findings of predominantly spinal cord gray matter abnormalities spanning one or more spinal segments following a viral illness. Individuals with AFM may require rehabilitation to promote recovery. Activity-based restorative therapy (ABRT) has previously been shown to result in positive outcomes in children with neurologic deficits related to AFM.

Objectives:

This study examined functional changes in a group of children with AFM who participated in ABRT in an inpatient setting.

Methods:

Retrospective chart review of children with AFM admitted to a single inpatient rehabilitation unit from 2014 to 2018. Children were assessed using the Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM), Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM), and the Physical Abilities and Mobility Scale (PAMS) as part of routine clinical care; the Modified Rankin Scale for Neurologic Disability was completed retrospectively.

Results:

Children showed significant improvements across all outcome measures, with effect sizes ranging from moderate to large. Significant change was also seen across all muscle groups on MMT, with effect sizes ranging from small to large. Consistent with previous reports, children demonstrated better function in distal than proximal muscle groups at both admission and discharge.

Conclusion:

Children with AFM who participated in ABRT increased muscle strength and made functional gains across all outcome measures. These results support the utility of rehabilitation in the long-term care of children with AFM and residual neurologic deficit.
Towards the semi-automatic adaptation of simulated virtual laboratory experiments
Authors: Sypsas Athanasios , Kalles Dimitris
Published: January 2021

Since real-world problems are complex a system model is usually required in advance to be built for such a problem to be properly investigated. Virtual laboratories constitute a special category of simulations and are based on models of physical laboratories and the experimental processes carried out therein. Similar experiments can be adapted to suit various learners’ needs if they can be transformed to satisfy the expected learning outcomes for each audience. We compare such experimental procedures using the Activity Diagrams which correspond to these experiments, in order to detect differences between them. These differences are, then, used for the required transformation of the experimental steps. The algorithm implemented uses a uses a BFS-like traversal to detect the differences between Activity Diagrams. The evaluation of the distance between the Activity Diagrams is carried out by the user and the possible needed transformation is decided to meet the learning outcomes in the educational environment selected by the user, educator or learner.
MODELLING OF SUPPLY NETWORK DESIGN
Authors: Majovská Renata , Fiala Petr
Published: January 2021

The paper is dedicated to proposed modelling approach for supply networks. The original structure of network systems can be modelled as complex adaptive systems and use agent-oriented simulation to demonstrate origin. The structure is clarified by expert opinion with use of DEMATEL method. The suitability of supply networks can be measured by multiple objectives, such as economic, environmental, social, and others. Traditional concepts of optimality focus on valuation of already given systems. We propose to use a methodology for optimal system design. As a methodology of optimal system design can be employed De Novo Multi-objective Linear Programming for reshaping feasible sets in linear systems.
Simulation-based analysis of inventory levels for low demand spare parts in a cooperative inventory pooling-system
Authors: Hafner Yannic , Looschen Christian , Fottner Johannes
Published: January 2021

Due to their systemic relevance, a high availability of intralogistics systems is crucial. This requires the stockpiling of capital-intensive spare parts. Strategies are therefore needed to reduce the severe capital commitment for spare parts management. No practical recommendations and solutions for this problem are available however. This contribution describes strategies and procedures for a cooperative inventory poolingsystem and our model of a simulation-based analysis of inventory levels for low demand spare parts in these systems. We determine that companies can gain benefits and greatly lower their inventory level and associated costs when cooperating in spare parts management. Furthermore, we investigated effects of changing network compositions while cooperating over time.
Electricity supplier selection by a household in the Czech Republic in 2017 and 2018 – Monte Carlo simulation approach
Authors: Kuncova Martina
Published: January 2021

The situation on the electricity retail market in the Czech Republic is not clear because of the number of suppliers and its products. Although the information about the prices for the electricity consumption for households is available on the web and each household can change the supplier nearly with no extra effort and cost, households are still often not familiar with the individual price items of the products. In this article the analysis of the Czech electricity market from the distribution rate D25d point of view is made for the years 2017-2018 when the household annual consumption is simulated via Monte Carlo simulation model. The aim of this paper is to select such a supplier and product that minimizes the total costs of the electricity for a household for the selected distribution rate and compare it with the results from the previous years.
Study about the rigor of tightness tests and the existance of an empirical constant to validate theoretical simulations to approximate the real model
Authors: da Cruz Nunes João Arthur , Roncalli Oliveira Guerra Angelo , de Bessa Kleiber Lima , de Lima Carlos Magno
Published: January 2021

"Due to the great risk of contamination by leaking in underground fuel storage tanks (UST) of gas stations all over the world, the establishment of effective monitoring methods in this environment is extremely necessary. Among UST monitoring methods the tightness test is one of the most effective ones in identifying leaks, it can be done in two different ways, either wet part test or dry part test. But while both of the tests are permitted, they show a great difference in rigorousness, when it comes to approving or not a tank. This study envisions to deeply explore the causes of the difference of rigorousness between both tests, and discover ways in which simulations can approach the real situation. The research allowed us to identify not only the cause of such difference in rigor, but also to establish a constant that approximates the theory to the real situation."
Product Market Competition and R&D Investment: Evidence From Textual Analysis on Annual Report of China’s Listed Firms
Authors: Song Ziyu , Ren Shuming
Published: January 2021

We investigate the relationship between product market competition (measured by textual analysis of annual reports) and Research and Development (R&D) investment of China’s listed firms. Empirical results show that competition promotes innovation. Economic policy uncertainty negatively regulates the relationship. In addition, this relationship is affected by the regional heterogeneity of firms.
Eosinophilic Granuloma of the Mandible in a Four-year-old Boy - A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors:   Shere Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Medical College Hospital, Pathology, Ram Bagh, Srinagar, India, Jangbhadur Singh , Afiya Shafi ,   Shere Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Medical College Hospital, Pathology, Ram Bagh, Srinagar, India, Nadia Jeelani ,   Shere Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Medical College Hospital, Pathology, Ram Bagh, Srinagar, India, Mabruka Jeelani ,   Shere Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Medical College Hospital, Pathology, Ram Bagh, Srinagar, India
Published: January 2021

Eosinophilic Granuloma represents one of a triad, of lesions encompassing a disease under the generic name Histiocytosis X or Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis. It is a benign inflammatory reaction to an unknown etiological agent and corresponds with bony lesions. The most commonly involved bones are the skull, ribs and the femur. The cranium, maxilla and mandible can also be affected.
Aplasia Cutis Congenita (ACC): An Extremely Rare Case in Childhood
Authors:   Department of Pediatrics, Ped Mind Institute, Germany, Stefan Bittmann , Elisabeth Luchter ,   Department of Pediatrics, Ped Mind Institute, Germany, Gloria Villalon ,   Department of Pediatrics, Ped Mind Institute, Germany, Elena Moschüring-Alieva ,   Department of Pediatrics, Ped Mind Institute, Germany
Published: January 2021

Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is a rare disease characterized by a local absence of skin and, in some cases, subcutaneous tissue. Most cases occur in the scalp, but the lesion can occur anywhere in the trunk and extremities. ACC is usually an isolated defect, but can also be associated with other abnormalities. Most reported cases are sporadic, with a few reports of family events. Neither pathogenesis nor etiology are clarified. In most cases, healing is spontaneous, and apart from keeping the lesion clean, no specific treatment is required. This report presents a case of ACC at the head and provides a brief review of the literature.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Laparoscopic Cholecystocolonic Fistula and Cholestoenteric Fistula
Authors:   Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, Mubarak Ali Kirih , Zheng Junhao ,   Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, Cai Jingwei ,   Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, Xie Yangyang ,   Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, Faisa Ali Abdi ,   Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, Tao Liye ,   Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, Xiao Liang ,   Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
Published: January 2021

Combined with a specific case, CT diagnosis of biliary-intestinal fistula with gallstone intestinal obstruction was analyzed. It was concluded that abdominal plain film was used to diagnose gallstone intestinal obstruction. The key is to observe whether there are positive stones and pneumogallstone in the intestine. The specific imaging features can be obtained by CT diagnosis of cholecystoenteric fistula and surgical treatment of laparoscopic cholecystocolonic fistula.
QATAR’S FOREIGN AID POLICY: EVOLUTION, MOTIVES AND VALUES
Authors: A. Bashir Fadhl , Abdelsalam Elfatih
Published: January 2021

This paper presents pertinent aspects of the foreign aid policy of the State of Qatar as a Muslim emerging donor with rising soft power. The study traces and explains the evolution of Qatar’s Foreign Aid Policy (QFAP) and identifies the various critical milestones of the policy that has been successfully transformed from a small Gulf Emirate into one of the leading players on both regional and global issues including aid giving. Although, Qatar’s motivation for aid giving is quite similar to the global setting, the country’s sociocultural background and values play a vital in shaping and inspiring its aid policy. As QFAP is closely tied to the country’s active foreign policy agenda, political and security motives are heavily reflected in the country’s aid practices. In collecting both primary and secondary data this study used various qualitative methods such as face-to-face interviews with key Qatari officials and scrutinized official state documents and quoted speeches, particularly of past and present Emirs as well as other archival sources.
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, LIKUIDITAS DAN KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (BEI)
Authors: Alifiani Richa Ayu , Sutopo Sutopo , Noviandari Indah
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan dan menganalisis pengaruh profitabilitas, likuiditas dan kebijakan dividen secara simultan dan parsial terhadap nilai perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan bantuan SPSS. Pengujian data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel Profitabilitas dan Likuiditas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Sedangkan Kebijakan Dividen tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Hasil dari pengujian regresi dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel Profitabilitas yang berpengaruh dominan terhadap Nilai Perusahaan.
Нефилософска философија времена — још један осврт на Нeilsgeschichte Оскара Кулмана
Authors: Јовановић Стефан
Published: January 2021

Пи­та­ње про­бле­ма вре­ме­на пред­ста­вља лак­мус па­пир на ко­јем се огле­да под­ра­зу­ме­ва­но он­то­ло­шко гледиште ау­то­ра. Ми смо се у овом ис­тра­жи­ва­њу фо­ку­си­ра­ли на са­гле­да­ва­ње вре­ме­на ка­квим га схва­та Оскар Кул­ман, еми­нент­ни про­те­стант­ски те­о­лог 20. ве­ка, у све­тлу од­ре­ђе­них уче­ња из Отач­ког опу­са. Поменута уче­ња су ода­бра­на на осно­ву на­ро­чи­те ко­ре­ла­ци­је у од­но­су на ме­ста из Кул­ма­но­вог уче­ња ко­ја, по на­шем ми­шље­њу, зах­те­ва­ју ду­бљу кри­ти­ку.
Commercially available probiotic enhanced growth, digestion and immune response of Rohu (Labeo rohita) reared in earthen pond
Authors: Ullah Sami , Shao Qing-Jun , Ullah Imdad , Zuberi Amina , Khattak Muhammad N. K. , Dawar Farman U. , Imran Muhammad , Ullah Amin , Shah Aqsa B.
Published: January 2021

The use of Probiotics in aquaculture got an importance in the previous years. Hence, present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of the commercially available dietary probiotic (a consortium of Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on the growth, proximate body composition, digestive enzymes, hematological parameters and immune response of rohu (Labeo rohita) in a polyculture system. Fingerlings with average body weight and length of 11.00 ± 2.34 g and 9.50 ± 5.50 cm, respectively, were stocked in 6 earthen ponds, at the rate of 200 fingerlings/pond making a total of 1200 fingerlings. The experiment was extended for 3 months in two groups i.e. probiotics treated and control groups. After three months feeding trial glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), moisture content, ash contents and feed conversion rate (FCR) were significantly decreased in the probiotics supplemented group. At the same time point, Hb, MCH, HCT, total protein, plasma protein, lipid contents, final body mass and final body weight, percent weight gain, cellulase activity, protease activity and amylase activity and white blood corpuscles were significantly increased in the probiotics supplemented group. In conclusion, the use of probiotic enhanced growth, digestive enzyme activities and immune response of L. rohita in a polyculture system.
Normativni okvir Republike Srbije kojim je regulisano pitanje sukoba interesa – sa osvrtom na praksu agencije za sprečavanje korupcije
Authors: Stevanović Aleksandar
Published: January 2021

U radu je razmotren fenomen sukoba interesa u svetlu načina na koji je on određen i regulisan u zakonodavstvu Republike Srbije, odnosno kroz analizu prakse Agencije za sprečavanje korupcije. Na početku je dat prikaz normativnog okvira, koji uređuje materiju sukoba interesa, dok su naročito razmotrene odredbe Ustava Republike Srbije koje regulišu sukob interesa, te Zakona o sprečavanju korupcije kao sistemskog zakona iz ove oblasti. Sledi, analiza relevantnih odredbi sa ciljem da se razmotre određene nejasnoće u čemu je korišćena i praksa Agencije za sprečavanje korupcije, imajući u vidu njenu „kreativnu ulogu“naročito u konkretizaciji mnogobrojnih opštih i pravnih standarda koji su karakteristični za odnosnu materiju. U delu rada koji se odnosi na zaključna razmatranja učinjene su pojedine napomene proistekle iz prethodne analize relevantnog zakonodavstva i prakse Agencije, za koje autor rada veruje da mogu biti od koristi za poboljšanje normativnih kapaciteta i uopšte efikasnosti u nastojanjima da se sukob interesa kao izuzetno negativan društveni fenomen koji podriva fundamentalne postavke svakog demokratskog društva.
Prevencija kriminala kao pristup unapređenju urbane bezbednosti
Authors: Paraušić Ana
Published: January 2021

Kriminal u gradovima jedan je od najduže tematizovanih problema u kriminologiji, a savremeno proučavanje ovog fenomena povezuje se sa konceptom urbane bezbednosti. Iz ove perspektive urbani kriminal, pre svega, možemo posmatrati kao bezbednosnu pretnju, a prevenciju urbanog kriminala kao jedan od modela, politika ili bezbednosnih mera, koje provajderi bezbednosti sprovode kako bi ostvarili bezbednost u gradu. Predmet ovog rada stoga je prikaz glavnih odlika prevencije kriminala u gradovima koja je u funkciji unapređenja urbane bezbednosti. U prvom delu rada napravljen je osvrt na neke teorijske pretpostavke na kojima se zasniva savremeno proučavanje prevencije urbanog kriminala. Potom su prikazani pojedini modeli, strategije i politike prevencije kriminala u gradovima, koji su zasnovani na bogatoj istraživačkoj praksi u ovoj oblasti. Na kraju, date su neke preporuke za adekvatno planiranje programa prevencije kriminala koje bi moglo doprineti sveukupnom podizanju nivou urbane bezbednosti.
Ante una pandemia global existen oportunidades para una producción y consumo responsable en el Perú
Authors: Vilca Rodriguez Roy River
Published: January 2021

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Applied Linguistics-Digital Platforms Whatsapp and Telegram Users Behavioral Tendency
Authors:   European College for Liberal Studies (ECLS) Spain, Madrid Campus, Rivera Joel Laffita
Published: January 2021

The present research study aimed to deliver an overlook based on the behavioral tendency of the users of WhatsApp and Telegram when applying linguistics into communicative messages. Through a particularized literature framework, the research study has displaced some notable influencer tech-application factors and applied linguistics specificness that are currently characterizing WhatsApp and Telegram Interpersonal Communication backgrounds. The research study was conducted by following suitable research protocols. This prospect involved the revision of specialized materials such as publications and webpages focused on the subject presented. Database from a survey piloted among university students formed part of this research criterium. The survey served to measure public’ level of favoritisms applied linguistics text, voice, and picture WhatsApp and Telegram messages. This study is very useful for scholars interested in Linguistics and Applied Linguistics Studies .
The Evolution of the Lead-lag Markets in the Price Discovery Process of the Sovereign Credit Risk: the Case of Italy
Authors: Anelli Michele , Patanè Michele , Toscano Mario , Gioia Alessio
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Hedging and speculative strategies play a key role in periods of financial market
volatility particularly during economic crises. In such contexts, liquidity problems
tend to evolve into potential credit risk events that amplifies the volatility of several
markets such as the CDS and the government bond markets. The former, however,
generally embodies a higher sensitivity to volatility due to the operators’ uncertainty
about unstable and countercyclical counterparty risk.
The aim of this paper is to analyze the long-lasting dynamic relationship between
credit default swap (CDS) premia and government bond yield spreads (GBS), by
focusing particularly on sovereign credit risk, in order to evaluate the lead-lag
markets in the price discovery process against the backdrop of a deep financial crisis.
The focus of this study concerns the country of Italy, one of the major European
countries that suffers from both weak GDP growth and high public debt, which
subjects it to volatility and speculation during periods of financial stress.
JEL classification numbers: G01, G12, G14, G20.
Keywords: CDS spreads, Government bond spreads, Credit risk, Cointegration,
Vector error correction model, Granger-causality.
After Coronavirus Crisis - Food Crisis?
Authors:   Analyst-Researcher, Dubnik, Slovakia, Skopec Robert
Published: January 2021

As the novel coronavirus first emerged in China late last year, more than a dozen U.S. researchers, doctors, and public health officials were working at the World Health Organization’s Geneva headquarters. President Trump has accused the United Nations’ health agency of not clearly communicating early on how big a threat the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic was, in an attempt to protect China. Last week, he said the U.S. will halt funding to the WHO and conduct a review “to assess the WHO’s role in severely mismanaging and covering up the spread of the coronavirus.
Comparative Molecular Analysis of Meca, Sea and Seb Genes in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, Collage of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq, Alsaimary Ban A Alkhafaji and Ihsan Edan
Published: January 2021

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), one of the most common pathogens associated with an increase of antimicrobial-resistance. Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus may be demographically focused to specific parts of the world. This study will give critical bits of knowledge into the severity of the problem of antibiotic resistant organisms in Al-Basrah and give us valuable inputs regarding the possibility of a particular source being a contaminant that could lead to infection in this geographical area and study the profile of virulence genes including: (MecA, Sea, Seb).The study showed a high percentage of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to Methicillin, 39/46 (84.8%). that Nasal swab from H.C.Ws obtained the highest rate of MRSA 7/7 (100%) followed by wound swab 10/11 (90.9%) from patient most of them were already on antibiotic, Nasal swab from patient 5/6 (83%), swab taken from H.C.Ws hand and hospital wards 4/5 (80%) for each Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus obtained from Hospital theaters before sterilization and Skin swab from patient 3/4 (75%). MecA genes appeared in all MRSA isolates, Sea gene at 41% (16/39) and Seb genes, it was 10.3% (4/39).
Mode of Action, Mechanism and Role of Microbes in Bioremediation Service for Environmental Pollution Management
Authors:   Microbial Biodiversity Directorate, Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 30726, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Tegene Birhanu Gizaw , Tenkegna Tesfaye Alemu ,   Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, P. O. Box: 1176
Published: January 2021

Environmental pollution is the global sensitive issues currently resulting ecologicl crise, drastic climate change and biodiversity loss. Bioremediation is one of an ecofriendly and cost effective alternative strategy for removing different pollutant waste using microorganisms. Different types of ex-situ and insitu bioremediation service these are biopiling, composting, Land farming, bioventing, biosparging, biostimulation, bioagumention are employed to treat heavy metal waste, Petroleum hydrocarbon, agro-industreal, dyestuff, agrochemicals, organic and volatile compound, lignocellulose biomass and nuclear waste. Several microorganisms (natural/exotic/ engineered) having specific metabolic capability and various enzyme production ability which fall under six main divisions include Oxidoreductases, Transferases, Hydrolases, Lyases, Isomerases and Ligases (synthetases) are used during bioremediation process. Understanding the mechanism, mode of action and role of microorgsnism in bioremediation process is essential to utilize microorganism potential and designe waste management strategy
Investigation of Antioxidant Effects of Artemisia Sieberi Essential Oil In Iran
Authors:   Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University Kermanshah, Iran, Kahrarian Zahra , Mojarrab M ,   Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran, Shahbazi Yasser ,   Associate Professor, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University of Kermanshah, Iran
Published: January 2021

Background: Nowadays, Due to the destructive effects of chemicals on processed foods and increasing multidrug-resistant pathogens (MDRs), the use of essential oils of medicinal plants, is essential. Artemisia is the largest genus of the Asteraceae family, with extensive research on the composition of essential oils, antimicrobial effects and food control of various species of this genus hasdone the purpose of this study was to review the antimicrobial effects of the four essential oils of Artemisia sieberi in Iran. Materials and Methods: This study data collectionby articles in internal databases such as, Irandoc, SID and external databases including Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Directory of Open Access Be it. Results: Asteraceae family essential oils are biologically active secondary metabolites including volatile oils, quarines, flavonoids and phenolic carbonic acids that have potent antimicrobial effects. Chemical analysis of essential oils confirmed the four Artemisia species tested in Iran as effective antimicrobial agents. Therefore,the essential oils of these plants can be used as a food preservative and in the control of infectious diseases. Conclusion: Analysis of the essential oil composition of these plants depends on the geographical diversity of the region and different cultivation conditions. Iran is one of the richest regions of the world in terms of number and variety of these plants, identification, development and optimization of the extract of these plants can play an important role in the health of society, economy and production. This study may focus on the unknown potentials of Artemisia species in Iran.
Role of the Lung Surfactant in the Treatment of Sars-Cov-2 Infection
Authors:   Representative Lipotech, 56022 Castelfranco di Sotto (Pisa), via dei lazzeri, Italy, Riccardi Bruno , De Paoli Thomas ,   Lipotech’s President, Parque Industrial La Cantabrica, Tres Arroyos 329 1706 Haedo -Buenos Aires, Republic of Argentina
Published: January 2021

The spread of SARS-CoV2 has been progressing continuously for over eight months. Numerous treatments have been proposed, and many have shown efficacy and ability to control the Covid-19 syndrome in this study we propose for the first time, the use of replacement therapy with Pulmonary Surfactant (PS), in patients admitted to intensive care. Pulmonary Surfactant is widely used to treat Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in preterm babies and has shown remarkable therapeutic efficacy. Since ARDS, also known as hyaline membrane disease, has many pathogenetic and symptomatological similarities with those produced by SARS-CoV2 infection, it may be useful to associate adjuvant therapy with Pulmonary Surfactant to current therapies in use. The Surfactant that we propose in our study can act as a carrier to convey even drugs with reduced absorption and poor bioavailability, directly in the most hidden alveolar areas.
More about the Informational (Quantum) Healing In the Ongoing Pandemic Situation
Authors:   Holistic Research Institute, Knoxville, TN 37923, USA, Kuman Maria
Published: January 2021

In a Pandemic like this one, it is important to know that the viruses cause color changes in the aura long before the disease symptom would appear in the body. As soon as the aura changes its color, we need to start trials to restore the health. All processes in the body are ruled and regulated by a Quantum Computer in the Subconscious, which operates with the waves of the weak informational NEMF seen as aura and called Spirit. If so, we need to try to access the weak informational NEMF informationally (with prayer or meditation with affirmation) and ask for correction of the distortions in the aura (Spirit), which if not corrected would lead to a disease of the physical body at later time. EEG measurements of Russian scientists showed that during meditation and prayer the Conscious is not active. Since hypnotists put the conscious to sleep to access the Subconscious, obviously prayer and meditation with affirmation act as self-hypnosis and are ways to access the Subconscious and the Quantum Computer in it. Since the Quantum Computer operates with the waves of our weak informational NEMF (Spirit), by accessing it informationally (with prayer or meditation with affirmation), we can do informational healing. The healing with informational energy called info-energy medicine is the medicine of the future because: it is non-invasive, works fast, it is efficient, and does not have side effects.
Calcium Dramatically Reverse the Hypocalcemic-Induced QT Prolongation in a Multiple Drug Toxicities Post-Suicidal Attempt
Authors:   Critical Care Unit, Fraskour Central Hospital, Damietta Health Affairs, Egyptian Ministry of Health (MOH), Damietta, Egypt, Elsayed Yasser Mohammed Hassanain
Published: January 2021

Rationale: Multiple drug toxicities are usually associated with unexpected future adverse effects and drug interaction. QT prolongation may be druginduced. Hypocalcemia also is a trigger for QT prolongation
Psychological Well-Being of Children in Covid Scenario – Ayurvedic Approach
Authors:   MD Scholar, PG Department of Manasroga, V.P.S.V Ayurveda College, Kottakkal, India, H Febin , M Jithesh ,   Professor and Head, PG Department of Manasroga, V.P.S.V Ayurveda College Kottakkal, India
Published: January 2021

The entire health scenario have been transformed or even altered with the COVID pandemic. Each and every one in the society is being affected in the scenario of mental health, with the resulting drastic changes happened in the society. One of the key vulnerable groups in the society is none other than children. Even though the educational scenario has been supplemented by the learning platforms, the social scenario have been affected so adversely. They are having several psychological issues as per reported studies from various parts of the globe. Ayurvedic principles of psychiatry and psychology including preventive principles, medicines and psychotherapy will do fine if applied in this area, so as to enhance the quality of life of the affected children. The various possibilities are discussed in the article
Effect of Increased Alcoholism and Substance Abuse on Work-fromHome and other Non-standard Job Behaviors During Covid-19
Authors:   M.S. in Psychology Student/Researcher, Walden University, USA, Basu Oyindrila
Published: January 2021

Covid-19 pandemic is a unique situation which has paused the life of individuals all across the globe. The current world crisis has rendered unique experiences for everyone in education, childcare, healthcare, and work culture. As the health departments issued stay-at-home orders for reducing Covid infection risks non-essential organizations quickly shifted to remote working models for cutting down the costs of administrative and infrastructural functioning [1,2]. However, work-from-home (WFH) has also given the scope and freedom for distraction and health hazard, which includes alcoholism and substance abuse. Studies have reported a 54% increase in sales of alcohol commencing March 2020, and online sales from substance purchases have also surged by 262% since 2019 [1]. While some people are taking up excess alcoholism or substance abuse as a defense mechanism for psychological distress caused by the uncertainties of work and life, others are abusing the remote working scenario to indulge in alcohol and addictive substances during work hours. Substance abuse during work can actually pose additional challenges for organizations, H.R. policies, or management. It can have negative impacts on employees’ performance, deliverance, and employability, which consequentially affects their social and personal lives. Additionally, consuming alcohol or other substances can induce health risks in employees. This paper attempts to understand the effects that excess alcohol/substance consumption can have on the job behaviors and performance of employees working from home during Covid. Also, we will attempt to analyze how increased substance abuse can affect the personal health and personal lives of these people during a pandemic situation.
High Risk Pulmonary Embolism in a Patient with Covid-19 Pneumonia Treated With Tissue Plasminogen Activator in the Emergency Department: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors:   Neurology Department. La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain, Pastor-Yvorra Silvia , Molina-Medina Ángeles ,   Emergency Unit. La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
Published: January 2021

Introduction: SARS-CoV2, responsible for the current global pandemic, could predispose to a hypercoagulable state. Venous thrombosis is more frequent in COVID-19 associated coagulopathy than in bacterial sepsis-induced coagulopathy. Also, COVID-19 induces and hypercoagulation state that overlaps with a hemophagocytic syndrome, antiphospholipid syndrome, and thrombotic microangiopathy. It is not uncommon that patients with severe COVID-19 consult in the emergency department with embolisms that may result in life risk.
Solar Cycle, Maunder Minimum and Pandemic Influenza
Authors:   Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, UK, Wickramasinghe N Chandra , CL Rocca Maximiliano ,   Mendoza 2779-16A, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Tokoro Gensuke ,   Institute for the Study of Panspermia and Astroeconomics, Gifu, Japan
Published: January 2021

We explore the idea that influenza pandemics may arise from the transference of new virions (new sub-types of the influenza virus) of cosmic origin in general accord with the theory of cometary panspermia. Such a transfer process will be modulated by the sunspot cycle and through its role in affecting the interplanetary magnetic field configurations in the Earth’s vicinity. Transfers of virus could take place directly from comets or indirectly from a transient repository represented for instance by the Kordylewski if dust clouds at the L4 and L5 Lagrange libration points of the Earth-Moon system. In either case an active sun appears to be a perequisite for effective transfers. The long remission of influenza pandemics throughout the period 1645-1715, during the Maunder sunspot minimum, might be understood on the basis of our model.
Web 6.0: Journey From Web 1.0 To Web 6.0
Authors:   Department of Business Administration, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey, Önday Özgür
Published: January 2021

The fast track toward the improvement of Web is instituted to be as an out and out wonder in the present society with fused utilization of current creative innovation and rethinking the method for arranging, imparting and working together with person which in wording lead us to blend of terrific victories and disappointments. The motivation behind this paper is to comprehend and conceptualize the development of Web from the scratch to the up and coming patterns in the field of Web Technology. The World Wide Web as the biggest data build has had much progress since its approach. This paper gives a foundation of the development of the web from web 1.0 to web 4.0. Web 1.0 as a snare of data associations, Web 2.0 as a trap of individuals associations, Web 3.0 as a trap of learning associations and web 4.0 as a trap of knowledge associations are portrayed as four ages of the web in the paper. Additionally, in this work, we inquire about the advancement of things to come of the (Web 5.0 and Web 6.0). Likewise, we present the present status and worries about the Web as a data source and correspondence channel.