bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrological model skills change with drought severity; insights from multi-variable evaluation
Authors: Bruno Giulia , Avanzi Francesco , Alfieri Lorenzo , Libertino Andrea , Gabellani Simone , Duethmann Doris
Published: October 2023

Hydrological models often do not properly simulate streamflow (Q) during extreme events, including droughts. Limited abilities in simulating Q during droughts may arise from a misrepresentation of Q generating processes during these periods, but little research has focused on distributed, process-based models over human-affected areas and extreme events. To shed more light into model consistency during these periods, we evaluated the ability of the hydrological model Continuum in simulating Q over the human-affected Po river basin in Italy during droughts of different severity over the last 13 years, including the severe 2022 event. To investigate the causes for potential model deterioration during severe droughts, we assessed the simulation of evapotranspiration (ET) and Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS) against independent remote sensing-based benchmarks, and possible inconsistencies in forcing and benchmark data. Finally, we included a moderate drought in the calibration period, as potential strategy to improve model performances during severe droughts. The model represented well Q (KGE = 0.81 for the outlet of the basin), ET (r = 0.94) and TWS (r = 0.76) over the whole study period. Focusing on Q and specific sub-periods, model performances were comparable during wet years (2014 and 2020) and moderate droughts (2012 and 2017), with KGE across the 38 study sub-catchments of 0.59±0.32 (mean ± standard deviation) during wet years and 0.55±0.25 during moderate droughts. The model simulated Q well for the outlet section of the basin also during the severe 2022 drought (KGE = 0.82). However, performances across the subcatchments declined in 2022 (KGE = 0.18±0.69). For the severe drought, we detected a decrease in model performances for ET, in particular over human-affected croplands (mean decrease in r by 105% and mean increase in nRMSE by 86%). Furthermore, calibrating during a moderate drought did not improve model performances in 2022 (KGE = 0.18±0.63), pointing to the fairly unique conditions of this period in terms of hydrological processes and human interference on them. Our study highlighted decreased model skills specifically during a severe drought and identified the neglection of irrigation as the most plausible cause for this. Given projected increases in severe droughts and the frequent modelling simplification of human activities, despite their heavy interference in many regions, our findings are highly relevant to move towards more robust hydrological modelling in a changing climate and the Anthropogenic era, to support management and adaptation strategies.
Children’s Expressive and Receptive Knowledge of the English Regular Plural
Authors: Meylan Stephan , Levy Roger Philip , Bergelson Elika
Published: October 2023

We investigate how children form early grammatical generalizations using the test case of the English regular plural. While some previous research provides evidence that children apply abstract rules to produce novel plurals well before 24mo., other studies have revealed that children use plural forms inconsistently with familiar and novel nouns, and demonstrate limited or variable receptive plural knowledge through (at least) 36mo. This is at odds with typical trajectories in child language development, where receptive knowledge precedes expressive. However, previous studies have not studied both receptive and expressive knowledge in the same children; additionally, differences in experimental materials across studies limit interpretability. In a cross-sectional design we tested 128 24-36-month-olds on two complementary experimental tasks: a receptive (eyetracking) task to evaluate children's understanding of plurals and an expressive (storybook) task to test their plural production. In the former, children heard sentences directing their gaze to an onscreen plural or singular target. In the latter, they heard a singular object labeled, and a prompt eliciting their plural production. We manipulated both novelty (novel vs. familiar object words, e.g., cats vs. wugs) and phonological form (/s/ vs. /z/ plurals, e.g., cats vs. dogs). We found strong, age-related evidence of expressive knowledge of the plural, but much more limited evidence of receptive knowledge (which was not predicted by age). Performance on the expressive task only predicted performance on the receptive task when additional grammatical cues were included (e.g., "there are two wugs" vs. "can you find the wugs?"). This work highlights the complexity of emerging grammatical generalizations in language acquisition and emphasizes the role of redundant grammatical cues in processing.
Persistent burnout theory of ME/CFS
Authors: Jameson David
Published: October 2023

There is no agreement on the etiology of myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), and the main theories (behavioural and viral/immune) do not satisfactorily explain the condition. A growing body of evidence suggests that ME/CFS may be caused by a dysfunction of the stress system—the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in particular—as a result of chronic stress. ME/CFS shares many similarities to occupational burnout and overtraining syndrome, including similar symptoms, physiological abnormalities, and triggers.After a brief review of the science of stress, burnout, overtraining, central fatigue, and ME/CFS, we propose a model of ME/CFS based on a state of persistent burnout that remains after the initial stressors have been removed. This persistence may be due to a combination of a dysregulation of the ANS and HPA axis, behavioural factors, and negative feedback from the illness itself.
The role of early expressive uses of language in brain and language evolution
Authors: Benítez-Burraco Antonio , Progovac Ljiljana
Published: October 2023

Our approach models a gradual evolution of language which provides a unitary view of different players involved in language evolution, including cross-modal thinking, grammatical abilities, taming of aggression, and pragmatic aspects pertaining to persuasive reciprocity. Crucial to these considerations is the identification of the types of early expressive uses of language whose cultural emergence would have engaged in a feedback loop with human self-domestication, impacting on shared neural circuits and triggering genetic accommodation, while at the same time contributing to a gradual reduction in reactive aggression and the gradual sophistication of grammar and language use. Our focus in this chapter is on the structure and nature of playful ideophones and (c)rude compounds, composed by the simplest possible grammars, and acting as proxies of the earliest, expressive uses of language. It will be shown that these compositions are relevant not only for metaphorical extension (and thus cross-modality) and for the solidification of early grammars (also via grammaticalization), but also for the gradual replacement of physical aggression with verbal aggression and verbal behavior more generally, thus reinforcing our trends towards prosociality. Considering these concrete proxies of early uses of language provides necessary detail for designing experiments to further probe the enigma of human evolution.
Public involvement in an aggregate and individual participant data meta-analysis of mindfulness-based programmes for mental health promotion
Authors: Friedrich Claire , Fairbairn Toni , Denton Graham , Geddes Mary , Thomas-Carr Darren , Jones Peter B. , Galante Julieta
Published: October 2023

Background: Involving the public in evidence synthesis research is challenging due to the highly analytic nature of the projects, so it is important that involvement processes are documented, reflected upon, and shared to devise best practices. There is a literature gap on the involvement of the public in individual participant data meta-analyses, particularly in public health projects. We formed a stakeholder group made of four members of the public at the beginning of an evidence synthesis project comprising a systematic review, an aggregate data meta-analysis, and an individual participant data meta-analysis of mindfulness-based programmes for mental health promotion in non-clinical adults. The group was involved at all stages; we aimed to document and reflect on our collective experiences of involving and being involved as stakeholder members.Methods: Following each group meeting, members and participating researchers completed written reflections; one group member collected and collated these. At the end of the project, a reflective writing workshop was held before all members completed their final reflections. Everyone completed an adapted, open-ended questionnaire which asked about what did and did not work well, the overall experience, what could be improved and the felt impact the stakeholder group had on the research. Results: Overall, the stakeholders and researchers reported a positive experience of working together. Positives from the stakeholders’ point of view included learning new skills, experiencing research, and making new friends. For the researchers, stakeholders helped them focus on what matters to the public and were reinvigorating research partners. The challenges stakeholders experienced included having long gaps between meetings and feeling overwhelmed. The researchers found it challenging to strike the balance between asking stakeholders to be involved and for them to learn research-related skills without overburdening them and making sure that the learning was engaging. When looking back at their experience, stakeholders described seeing their impact on the project in hindsight but that this was not felt while the project was being carried out.Conclusion: Successfully involving the public in complex evidence-synthesis projects is possible and valuable from the points of view of the researchers and the stakeholders. However, it requires a significant time, skill and resource investment that needs to be factored in from project inception. Further guidance and stakeholder training materials would be helpful. Specific suggestions are provided.
Physiologically Induced State Anxiety Reduces Perceived Heat Pain in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Guekos Alexandros , Hau Madeleine , Grob Sabina , Sharvit Gil , Schweinhardt Petra
Published: October 2023

BackgroundState anxiety modulates pain perception. Both, amplification and attenuation of perceived pain have been observed in healthy subjects in an acute state of anxiety, typically induced by phasic cues, such as threat of shock. However, state anxiety in real life is continuous over its duration. Here, this was experimentally achieved by administering hypercapnic air (7.5% CO2). The primary objective was to investigate whether perceived heat pain would be differentially modulated during this intervention compared to regular air administration. The secondary objective assessed the potential differences of such a modulation w.r.t. heat intensity level. Methods38 participants (19w) received two air mixtures (hypercapnic and regular air) for 13 minutes each, during which 18 (6x3) noxious heat stimuli of three different intensities were applied to the calf and had to be rated on two visual analogue scales (intensity and pleasantness/unpleasantness). State anxiety induction was assessed by comparing the body sensations questionnaire, self-assessment manikins, heart rate and galvanic skin response between conditions. Statistical analyses were performed using Bayesian estimation testing. ResultsBetween-condition differences were statistically meaningful for all heat intensity levels, always showing a reduced pain perception during hypercapnia compared to normocapnia. The magnitude of the observed hypoalgesic effect did not depend on heat intensity levels. ConclusionsPhysiologically induced continuous state anxiety results in hypoalgesia. Future studies need to determine whether the potentially involved neural mechanisms only reflect hypercapnic-dependent reactions in healthy subjects or generally represent anxiety-pain interactions in clinical pathologies.
Prevalence of smoking among psychiatric patients in outpatient department of tertiary care centre: A descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Sharma Sandesh , Uprety Saroj , Sharma Sadikshya , Ghimire Apekshya , Pant Biswas
Published: October 2023

Background: Even though psychiatric illness is a risk factor of smoking tobacco; only few studies have been conducted to estimate the prevalence of smoking among that patient group in Nepal. Our study aims to determine the prevalence of smoking among psychiatric patients in the outpatient department of tertiary care centre.
Material and Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the psychiatric outpatient department of a tertiary care centre from 27th March to 27th May, 2022 following ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 577/078-079). A convenience sampling technique was used to include 398 patients, who were assessed for tobacco use behaviour using a semi-structured questionnaire and nicotine dependence using the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence instrument. Data was collected using the “KoBo toolbox” Android mobile application and analysed using Microsoft Excel, Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0, and R Studio. Point estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.
Results: The prevalence of current smokers was 104 (26.13%) (21.88-30.74 at 95%CI). The prevalence of past smokers was 48 (12.06%) (9.03-15.67 at 95% CI). Nicotine dependence was present in 75(72.12%) of the 104 current smokers and 40 (83.33%) among 48 past smokers.
Conclusion: Our study found a lower prevalence of smoking among participants compared to other similar studies conducted at the national level.
Mental health problems, perceived stress, and internet addiction among undergraduate college students of Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Sharma Pawan , Singh Swarndeep , Bhandari Anup Raj , Poudel Bipin , Bhattarai Gyan Darshan
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The global burden of disease due to mental health problems is on a rise. One of the vulnerable groups are college going youths. The objective of the current study was to examine the frequency and pattern of mental health problems, perceived stress, and internet addiction and explore their relationship with each other among students reporting voluntarily during stress management program.
Material and method: A cross-sectional study among 139 undergraduate students was conducted as a part of a program titled "Stress, drugs and internet among college students" during orientation program for undergraduate students of a management college in Kathmandu Valley. Mental Health Screening Questionnaire (MHS), Young's Internet addiction test (YIAT), perceived stress scale (PSS) were used for mental health problems, internet addiction and stress respectively.
Results: As per mental health screening questionnaire, 64.7% (90/139) and 7.2% (10/139) participants reported somewhat difficulty and very much or extreme difficulty. There was mild internet addiction among 45.3% and moderate internet addiction among 18.7%. There was significant positive correlation of the MHS score (indicative of number of mental health problems) with the total YIAT score (ρ= 0.404, p< 0.01) and PSS scores (ρ= 0.301, p< 0.01). Also, severity of internet addiction and perceived stress levels were positively associated with each other (ρ= 0.303, p< 0.01).
Conclusion: There is significant burden of mental health problems, stress and problematic internet use among the undergraduate students in Nepal. There is also a significant positive correlation of the MHS score (indicative of number of mental health problems) with the Young’s internet addiction test score and perceived stress scale scores.
Blurred boundaries of the brain-1 (Aide-memoire for patient narrative)
Authors: Dutta Ashish , Paudel Raju , Thapa Lekh Jung , Bhattarai S , Shrestha MA , Shrestha M
Published: October 2023

Background: This is a case series of clinical cases presenting to our Neuropsychiatry Center, who were either referred by physicians or approached to seek treatment on their own. They were receiving treatment since few years. No improvement in symptom were primary reason for referral and consultation with our team. Re-evaluation in realms of Neurology and Psychiatry depicted the missed link in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches exercised previously. The intent to reflect upon novel findings is not to undermine the effort applied in clinical evaluation by prior physicians, but to reflect few observations which may have been inadvertently missed during routine assessment. This serves as as an aide-memoire to history taking and suggestions to remain well informed and updated in our approach to service seekers.
Abstract: Symptom overlap and comorbidities are commonly encountered in clinical practice of Psychiatry or Neurology. Many neurologic disorders have psychiatric symptoms (e.g., depression in patients following a stroke or with multiple sclerosis or Parkinson’s disease), and many psychiatric disorders have been associated with neurologic symptoms (e.g., movement disorders in schizophrenia).
This overlap occurs mostly because brain is the source common for both neurological and psychiatric illness and on multiple occasion it becomes difficult to delineate the boundary, leading to diagnostic dilemmas, followed by inappropriate management strategies. Patients and family members suffer for long periods of time in trying to understand the disease phenomenon and prognosis.
In this case series, we present 3 cases of clinical interest across different framework of clinical presentation and assessment for e.g, neurological illness being managed as psychiatric illness or scenarios where both neurological and psychiatric illness coexisted but only one aspect was addressed. Re-assessment and work up by a team of neurologists and psychiatrist lead to clarification of the boundaries (at least in these cases who underwent prolonged sufferings owing to lack in clarity of pathology) with precise diagnosis generating improved outcomes in functionality and satisfaction.
The diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disorders is performed by psychiatrists through diagnostic interviews, and categorization of patients based on diagnostic and classification manual (ICD-10, DSM-5) which are syndrome/symptom based. Although this has been a standard practice, often error may occur in diagnosing illnesses falling under the wider realm of neurology and psychiatry. Some presenting symptoms may be assumed being part of neurological illness or of functional origin, or mixed states and many may be overlooked during routine clinical assessment.
Establishment of Radiation Dose Reduction Criteria for Thoracic and Abdominal CT via Systematic Spatial Resolution Evaluation
Authors:   KOREA SOCIETY OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY, Yoon Jong-Tae , Kim Deuk-Yong , Lee Ki Baek
Published: October 2023

With the development of various reconstruction algorithms for CT imaging, it has become possible to perform low-dose CT examinations without compromising image quality. However, quantitative evaluation such as image noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-tonoise ratio (CNR) have been mainly used yet, while the spatial resolution and overall image quality rely on subjective assessment. Therefore, this study aimed to propose a quantitative method for evaluating spatial resolution in chest and abdominal CT scans, in order to facilitate dose reduction. For this study, a phantom was fabricated using 3D printing and scanned under chest and abdominal imaging conditions, with additional scans performed under low-dose conditions. The peak, bottom, FWHM, DFWHM, and peak-bottom were compared and analyzed. The results showed no statistically significant differences in spatial resolution parameters between all chest and abdominal protocol, with FWHM and DFWHM indicating the same distance. Even if the dose is reduced to 30 mAs in the chest CT condition and to 50 mAs in the abdominal CT condition, there will not be a big problem in terms of spatial resolution. Lastly, the indices from this study demonstrate potential as objective measures of spatial resolution when applying low-dose CT protocols.
When the University Becomes an Obstacle orRe-Storying the University
Authors: Daswani Girish
Published: October 2023

There are several banners with messages created by the University of Toronto (UofT) placed alongside the major roads of its three campuses. In 2022, these messages included “Moving Toward Equity,” “Putting a Feminist Lens on Economic Recovery,” and “Obstacles are Motivations to Push Forward.” I remember seeing these banners and asking myself, “What happens when the university becomes the obstacle?” In this article, the author wants readers to think seriously about the university as an obstacle and what that means when thinking about another university now. One of these banners, Obstacles are Motivations to Push Forward, represents the university as a teleological space for forward movement. Like all other banners it is accompanied by the slogan Defy Gravity, part of the university’s fundraising campaign, that cites “the climate crisis,” “economic and social inequalities,” “systemic racism,” “injustices against Indigenous peoples,” and the COVID-19 pandemic, as reasons to “ rise and move forward together.” But what does it mean to move forward when the structures you are pushing against are built on neoliberal logics, corporatized institutional structures, and settler-colonial violence? If the university is a problem space that we inhabit, how can we ask a different set of questions with which to imagine another university? If the colonial-capitalist roots of the Canadian university foreclose other futures, is change even possible? Can the university be a locus for change if it is simultaneously an obstacle to change?
FUNCTIONAL CONDITION OF YOUNG SWIMMERS. PSYCHOPHYSICAL INDIKATORS
Authors: Khimich Igor , Parakhonko Vadym , Kachalov Oleksandr
Published: October 2023

In the problem of studying the implementation of complex motor reactions in conditions of sports activity and their tolerance, along with generally accepted psychological and pedagogical measures, the study of psychophysiological functions is used. The physiological mechanism for the implementation of complex motor functions in health and in pathology has been studied by many authors [1,2,3etc.], mainly in a state of rest. However, there are many controversial issues related to the influence of complex coordination loads, such as swimming, on the mechanisms of implementation of the contractile function in young athletes, even at the initial stages of training. Quantitative assessment of the state of the somatosensory system, which ensures the performance of a special motor function of young athletes, characteristic of a specific type of motor activity, consists in the insufficiency of methodological criteria.
A study of the level of anxiety of future police officers
Authors: Bachynska N.V. , Petrenko S.P. , Kyrychenko A.V.
Published: October 2023

The article presents a study of situational and reactive anxiety of law enforcement cadets based on the Spielberg-Hanin test data. 60 male cadets aged 17-22 years engaged in martial arts and 60 students (of the same age) who do not engage in sports, who were included in the control group, took part in the research. The obtained results showed that 8% of the subjects of the group of future law enforcement officers had a high level of personal anxiety, 82% had an average level and 10% had a low level of situational anxiety. In the control group, in comparison with the cadets, 18% of those studied had a high level of situational anxiety. Among the cadets (future policemen) and the control group, the indicators of personal anxiety differ sufficiently according to the high-level limit indicators. Average indicators of personal anxiety in law enforcement cadets was 38.32±5.68, in the control group 28.45±4.76 (р≤0.05). Indicators of reactive anxiety: 21.65±3.28 and 26.94±3.55, respectively (р≤0.05). Practical recommendations for implementation in the educational and training process of law enforcement cadets and students have been developed.
Formation of value orientations among female students to physical education and sports
Authors: Biletska Viktoriia , Semenenko Vyacheslav , Zavalniuk Viktoriia , Zaloylo Volodymyr , Kostyuchenko Vasyl , Yaremenko Oleg
Published: October 2023

Relevance: The article examines the relationship between the way of life and the formation of value orientations, taking into account stress resistance to the conditions of study of students of higher education. The level of formation of the value attitude of female students of the first and fourth years to their health and their relationship to the lifestyle was determined.

Results: It was determined that the majority of girls of both the first and fourth years generally follow the rules of a healthy lifestyle, but at the same time they do not follow the rules of rational nutrition. Despite maintaining a healthy lifestyle, fourth-year female students have a low level of physical activity and have doubts whether their lifestyle is satisfactory.

In the course of the study, it was established that among the terminal values of first-year students, freedom, social vocation, and lack of financial difficulties predominate, while among fourth-year students, the leading place is occupied by: financially secure life, family life, interesting work. It is shown that the breadth of knowledge, the ability to insist on one's point of view, the ability not to back down in the face of difficulties prevail among the instrumental values of first-year students, while the fourth-year students are led by efficiency in business, courage in defending their views; self control. At the same time, discipline, rationalism and sincerity are the least important for girls.

The level of stress resistance of female students of different courses of study was determined. Thus, the vast majority of first-year students have an average level of stress resistance, and among fourth-year students, girls with reduced and very low levels of stress resistance predominate.
Peculiarities of gender identity identification of future law enforcement officers engaged in various sports
Authors: Boguslavskyi V.V. , Bachynska N.V. , Anisimov D.O. , Petrushyn D.V. , Pozhidayev M.Yu.
Published: October 2023

The article reveals the specifics of gender identification of future law enforcement officers of both sexes who are engaged in ju-do, free-fight, MMA, and cheerleading. Using the example of a study of gender identification of a person according to the S. Bem method in law enforcement cadets of both sexes, it is possible to trace the influence of various sports on the psychological gender of those involved. The purpose of the study is to identify the degree of manifestation of masculinity/femininity in cadet athletes, students of higher education with specific conditions of study. Cadets (girls, average age – 19.12±1.02, boys – average age 19.44±11.12) of the Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs participating in the research participated in various sports, namely ju-do, free - fight, MMA, cheerleading (girls, n=36; boys, n=44) and students of both sexes who do not play sports, of the same age. Cadets of both sexes engaged in free-fit, ju-do, MMA, cheerleading show a tendency towards masculinization. In the group of male and female students who do not play sports, individuals with an androgynous gender type prevail. The obtained data will be able to more thoroughly investigate the issues of prevention and correction of manifestations towards the masculinization of women, which is a consequence of sports.
Development of speed and strength abilities of students during sports games
Authors: Gavriliuк Valery , Golovashchenko Roman , Shevts Victoria
Published: October 2023

The article highlights the influence of the method of dynamic efforts on the development of speed and strength abilities of students during sports and game activities.

The impact of this method on the rational construction of the training process, which leads to the growth of the functional capabilities of the body of young football players and the improvement of the entire set of measures responsible for preparation for general activity, was investigated.

According to the results of the analysis of the scientific and methodological literature, it can be stated that the method of developing speed and strength abilities of students of general secondary education institutions remains relevant and requires a modernized method of applying physical exercises using the means of sports games in physical culture lessons.

According to research, speed-power abilities increase significantly from 8-9 years to 15-16 years.

Sports game exercises are used in the process of physical culture and sports training and education for comprehensive improvement of motor activity in difficult conditions. To the greatest extent, it allows you to improve such qualities and abilities as dexterity, speed of reaction in combination with speed of movement, strength in combination with speed and other ethical qualities of the individual.

Strength and speed qualities are directly manifested in the amount of motor effort per unit of time, which is provided by the integral reaction of the body, associated with the mobilization of mental qualities, motor, muscle functions and functional systems.

At any stage of individual development of speed and strength qualities, it is necessary to observe the sequence and congruence of the exercises. The selection of exercises takes place according to the principle of dynamic correspondence.

The proposed methodical recommendations for the use of sports games as a means of developing speed and strength qualities of middle school students will improve the level of development of physical qualities.
Features of training for female military officers of military institutions of higher education. Abstract
Authors: Zonov O. , Bolshakov O. , Zamaraiev M. , Tseplyaev U. , Taras I. , Romaniv I. , Ivakyn T.V. , Grishko A.
Published: October 2023

It is known that the success of military- professional activity depends on the peculiarities of the learning and upbringing process, which must be built not only on the basis of general psychological and pedagogical laws, but also taking into account certain methods of influence that correspond to the characteristics of cadets. Today's conditions, changes in the directions of military and professional activity and the conditions for conducting combat operations by servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine on the territory of the state against the aggressor of the Russian Federation require from hand-to-hand combat the improvement of the set of means for training, education and formation of soldiers in technical, tactical, physical and mental readiness for actions in difficult conditions of close combat.

The article presents the main results of experimental research on the testing in real conditions of the educational process of the proposed experimental program for training female servicemen in hand-to-hand combat, which are used during practical classes in accordance with the training program at the VZVO (Lviv) during the academic year. The purpose of the experimental training program for female servicemen was to prepare cadets for hand-to-hand combat and self-defense. The program is designed for the period of study at the VZVO: in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd years - study and training of techniques and actions, in the 4th and 5th years - improvement of previously learned techniques and actions of hand-to-hand combat with the inclusion of a section in various forms of physical preparation
Correlation analysis of functional testing parameters and anthropometric and physiometric indicators of students 17-19 years old
Authors: Samokysh Ivan , Diskalenko Serhii , Shanditseva Polina , Detsyk Tetiana , Makarov Mstyslav , Hordiienko Dmytro
Published: October 2023

Reserve capabilities of the organism are hidden capabilities (acquired in the course of evolution and ontogenesis) to strengthen the functioning of its organs and organ systems in order to adapt to extraordinary changes in the external or internal environment of the organism. Functional reserves consist of structural reserves and functional reserves of adaptation of the organism, the first of which are related to the peculiarity of the structure of the structural elements of the organism, and the second - to their functional activity. An important aspect of evaluating functional reserves is understanding the structure and degree of interrelationship of the relevant elements. It is when conducting pairwise correlation that you can analyze the mutual influence of elements within a certain structure. The results of correlation analysis of the functional testing with load power change in a closed cycle and indicators anthropometry and fiziometrii students. A total of 150 students (86 girls and 64 boys who belonged to the main medical group) the first and second courses at the age of 17-19 years. It is shown that the degree of influence of parameters of physical development on the results of functional testing (physical performance, heart rate (HR) during exercise, the effectiveness of the regulation of cardiac activity, the energy level), as well as established reliable relationship between different forces. Based on the correlation analysis of the new data that complement the available information on the functional reserves of an organism of students were prepared.
Physical culture as a factor in the formation of a healthy personality in the conditions of changes in the military and political situation in Ukraine
Authors: Kharchuk Tetiana , Burenko Maryna , Shavel Khrystyna
Published: October 2023

The current conflict on the territory of Ukraine poses a serious challenge to stability in the entire world. Millions of Ukrainians currently face an extraordinary task – protecting their physical and psychological identity. Preserving the life and health of Ukrainian citizens is an important goal of the state in the long term, contributing to national unity and a peaceful future. The purpose of the article was to study the role of physical culture in the process of forming a healthy lifestyle in the context of the military and political situation in Ukraine. It was determined that the concept of "healthy lifestyle" includes aspects related to physical, mental, social and spiritual health. Regular physical activity has always been an important part of this lifestyle. The possibility of using modern technologies and interactive platforms to popularize physical activity among the population and ensure its accessibility was investigated. In general, physical culture and sports in Ukraine have great potential for maintaining a healthy lifestyle and psychological stability in the conditions of military and political changes.
Ensuring compliance of physical culture and sports services with quality standards in small and medium-sized territorial communities on the example of Slobozhanshchyna, Dnipro and Zaporizhzhia Regions
Authors: Tsos Anatolii
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the article is to investigate the peculiarities of ensuring compliance of physical culture and sports services with quality standards in small and medium-sized territorial communities of Slobozhanshchyna, Dnipro and Zaporizhzhia regions. It was revealed that the management of physical culture and sports takes place on the basis of a developed system of standards, which is characterized by requirements for conducting pedagogical activities with the provision of physical culture and sports services. The need to comply with the standardization of educational requirements for physical culture and sports in territorial communities is explained by the need to improve the quality of provided physical culture and sports services, in particular through the development of special programs to improve the professional qualifications of physical culture teachers in regional sports facilities. The expansion of the powers of the authorities of territorial communities made it possible to develop individual models of the development of physical culture and sports, taking into account the needs of the population of a specific territorial community. Compliance with the requirements in the process of standardization of physical culture and sports provides an opportunity to improve the quality of provided physical culture and sports services in regional sports facilities. The practical significance and prospects for further research are explained by the need to develop and implement new innovative standards in order to improve the quality of provided physical culture and sports facilities in regional sports facilities. The problem of finding opportunities for expanding the powers of territorial communities regarding the quality management of physical culture and sports services, increasing financing of physical culture and sports with the aim of improving the material base and attracting highly professional workers for the training of athletes and the implementation of sports and health activities of the population needs further study.
Penerapan Digital Marketing Sebagai Strategi Pemasaran Guna Meningkatkan Daya Saing UMKM
Authors: Saputra Harmawan Teguh , Rif’ah Ferda Maryatul , Andrianto Bayu Andrianto
Published: October 2023

Revolusi industri 4.0 dimulai dengan kehadiran internet. Bisnis kecil dan menengah (UMKM) sekarang memiliki peluang baru untuk memasarkan barang mereka karena kemampuan untuk mendapatkan informasi dengan cepat dan mudah. Ini disebabkan oleh fakta bahwa internet telah mengubah standar pemasaran tradisional menjadi digital marketing. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana digital marketing memengaruhi penjualan, strategi pemasaran, dan tantangan yang dihadapi oleh pelaku UMKM saat menggunakan digital marketing. Studi ini menerapkan metodologi kualitatif. Penelitian dimulai dengan sejumlah wawancara kualitatif untuk mengidentifikasi hubungannya. Pemilik atau pelaku UMKM diwawancarai dalam penelitian ini. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa iklan digital meningkatkan penjualan UMKM. Selain itu, temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun ada banyak manfaat yang dapat diperoleh dari penggunaan iklan digital, pelaku UMKM sering menghadapi masalah saat ini.
ВПЛИВ МЕТАБОЛІЧНО АКТИВНИХ РЕЧОВИН НА ФОРМУВАННЯ КОРЕНЕПЛОДІВ МОРКВИ
Authors: S. Pryplavko , Havii V.
Published: October 2023

Робота присвячена дослідженню дії метаболічно активних речовин: вітаміну Е, параоксибензойної кислоти (ПОБК), метіоніну, MgSO4 (сульфату магнію), кудесану та їх комбінацій, таких як: вітамін Е + убіхінон-10; вітамін Е + параоксибензойна кислота + метіонін; вітамін Е + параоксибензона кислота + метіонін + магнію сульфат, на формування коренеплодів моркви посівної сорту Нантська. Встановлено їх вплив на схожість насіння, накопичення маси сирої та сухої речовини, довжину підземної частини, товщину коренеплоду, середню масу коренеплодів. Найкраще на показник схожості насіння моркви у лабораторних умовах впливав магнію сульфат, який перевищив значення у контролі на 15,8 %. У польових умовах схожість насіння була найвищою у варіанті за впливу комбінації сполук Вітамін Е + ПОБК + Метіонін + MgSO4, яка перевищувала значення контролю на 3,08 %. Було з’ясовано, що передпосівна обробка насіння моркви убіхіноном-10 у більшості випадків мала найвищі результати. За показником довжини коренеплоду найвищі показники були відмічені у варіанті застосування комбінації речовин Вітамін Е + ПОБК + Метіонін + MgSO4, яка протягом всього вегетаційного періоду переважала значення контролю від 5,23 до 14,51 % залежно від етапу дослідження. На діаметр коренеплоду моркви посівної позитивно вплинула така ж комбінація, переважаючи значення контролю на 20,67 % у вересні та на 22,2 % у жовтні. Також було визначено середню масу коренеплоду. Встановлено, що ефективними за цим показником були всі досліджувані сполуки, крім вітаміну Е. Отже, обробка насіння моркви перед висівом метаболічно активними сполуками та їх комбінаціями позитивно впливає на показники схожості насіння, накопичення маси сирої та сухої речовини, збільшення лінійних показників росту, зростання товщини та маси коренеплодів, що сприятиме підвищенню врожайності цієї культури.
ФІЗІОЛОГО-БІОХІМІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ АДАПТИВНОЇ ВІДПОВІДІ РОСЛИН В УМОВАХ ВОДНОГО ДЕФІЦИТУ
Authors: Рalivoda Y. , Haviy V.
Published: October 2023

Несприятливі умови навколишнього середовища негативно впливають на фізіологічні процеси росту і розвитку сільськогосподарських рослин та призводять до зниження урожайності. Одним із найгостріших серед усіх природних чинників є водний дефіцит, спричинений посухою. Упродовж онтогенезу рослини постійно стикаються з посухою. Під час посухи внаслідок різкого зниження відносної вологості повітря та підвищення температури рослини перегріваються, втрачають воду. У них виникає водний дефіцит. У результаті припиняється ріст, знижується продуктивність, іноді рослина гине. У відповідь на дефіцит води рослини розвивають різні складні механізми стійкості та адаптації, тобто здатність витримувати значне зневоднення та перегрів, зберігаючи при цьому нормальний ріст, розвиток та здатність до відтворення. Водний потенціал рослин підтримується на високому рівні за рахунок ксероморфної характеристики: добре сформованими кореневими системами, зменшенням кількості листків на рослині, зменшенням розміру листків та зниження продихової транспірації. Важливим механізмом посухостійкості сільськогосподарських культур визнано осмотичне регулювання, яке реалізується шляхом зниження осмотичного потенціалу за рахунок накопичення органічних і неорганічних осмолітів (проліну, аланіну, валіну, тощо) у відповідь на дефіцит води. Питання щодо вивчення посухостійкості зернових культур, є актуальними, оскільки вони орієнтовані на вивчення реакцій рослин на водний стрес та впровадження методів підвищення стійкості рослин до посухи.
DEADLY CONTRADICTIONS
Authors: Reyna Stephen P.
Published: October 2023

As US imperialism continues to dictate foreign policy, Deadly Contradictions is a compelling account of the American empire. Stephen P. Reyna argues that contemporary forms of violence exercised by American elites in the colonies, client state, and regions of interest have deferred imperial problems, but not without raising their own set of deadly contradictions. This book can be read many ways: as a polemic against geopolitics, as a classic social anthropological text, or as a seminal analysis of twenty-four US global wars during the Cold War and post-Cold War eras.
CROSSING HISTORIES AND ETHNOGRAPHIES
Authors: Roque Ricardo , Traube Elizabeth G.
Published: October 2023

The key question for many anthropologists and historians today is not whether to cross the boundary between their disciplines, but whether the idea of a disciplinary boundary should be sustained. Reinterpreting the dynamic interplay between archive and field, these essays propose a method for mutually productive crossings between historical and ethnographic research. It engages critically with the colonial pasts of indigenous societies and examines how fieldwork and archival studies together lead to fruitful insights into the making of different colonial historicities. Timor-Leste’s unusually long and in some ways unique colonial history is explored as a compelling case for these crossings.
FOREIGNERS IN THEIR OWN COUNTRY
Authors: Martin Lawrence M.
Published: October 2023

Based on in-depth interviews with people throughout France who trace their origins to non-European countries, Foreigners in Their Own Country reports on the experience of not being seen as “French” because of one’s physical appearance. Paying close attention to how individuals speak about themselves and their feelings of acceptance or rejection, this book provides an intimate account of the challenges faced by the millions of people in France—and throughout Western Europe—who fully participate in the life of their country but are often not seen as belonging there.
REMAPPING KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Spariosu Mihai I.
Published: October 2023

The growing interdependence of the local and the global demand innovative approaches to human development. Such approaches, the author argues, ought to be based on the emerging ethics of global intelligence, defined as the ability to understand, respond to, and work toward what will benefit all human beings and will support and enrich all life on this planet. As no national or supranational authority can predefine or predetermine it, global intelligence involves long-term, collective learning processes and can emerge only from continuing intercultural research, dialogue, and cooperation. In this book, the author elaborates the basic principles of a new field of intercultural studies, oriented toward global intelligence. He proposes concrete research and educational programs that would help create intercultural learning environments designed to stimulate sustainable human development throughout the world.
Middle meningeal artery embolization for refractory chronic subdural hematoma in a pediatric victim of nonaccidental trauma: illustrative case
Authors: Gal Zsombor T , See Alfred P
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) in children is associated with several etiologies, one of which is nonaccidental trauma (NAT). Performed alone or as an adjunct to surgical intervention, middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization may be effective in resolving and preventing the recurrence of cSDH in adult patients. However, MMA embolization for pediatric cSDH has not been adequately evaluated, and there exists no consensus on the appropriate selection of pediatric patients for this minimally invasive procedure. Appreciating the variable underlying pathophysiology of pediatric cSDH will enable the development of guidelines for patient selection.

OBSERVATIONS

A 14-month-old female patient presented with depressed consciousness, seizure-like activity, and apneic episodes. She was diagnosed with bilateral subacute on chronic SDH associated with NAT, and imaging revealed diffuse brain atrophy. Despite undergoing burr hole drainage, she developed refractory cSDH and was treated with bilateral MMA embolization. At her 10-month follow-up, magnetic resonance imaging revealed a decrease in the size of the subdural collections, and she was tolerating feeds, at her neurological baseline, and seizure-free.

LESSONS

Infants and young children with symptomatic cSDH secondary to NAT, whose tissue dynamics are reminiscent of cSDH in elderly patients with diffuse brain atrophy, may derive the most benefit from MMA embolization.