bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Viewpoint of Security for Digital Health Care in the United States
Authors: Demurjian Steven A. , Algarín Alberto De la Rosa , Bi Jinbo , Berhe Solomon , Agresta Thomas , Wang Xiaoyan , Blechner Michael
Published: December 2014

In health care, patient information of interest to health providers, researchers, public health researchers, insurers, patients, etc., is stored in different locations via electronic media and/or hard-copy formats. All potential users need electronic access to health information technology systems such as: electronic health records, personal health records, patient portals, and ancillary systems such as imaging, laboratory, pharmacy, etc. Controlling access to information from multiple systems requires granularity levels of privileges ranging from one patient to a cohort to an entire population. In this paper, we present a viewpoint of the state of secure digital health care in the United States, focusing on the resources that need to be protected as dictated by legal entities and regulations, the available approaches in the present state-of-the art, and, the potential needs for the future of security for digital health care. By utilizing a real world scenario, the authors explore the limitations of health information exchange in the United States, and present one possible architecture for secure digital health care that builds on existing technology alternatives.
The Intelligent Data Brokerage
Authors: Hemmatazad Nolan , Gandhi Robin , Zhu Qiuming , Bhowmick Sanjukta
Published: December 2014

The anonymization of widely distributed or open data has been a topic of great interest to privacy advocates in recent years. The goal of anonymization in these cases is to make data available to a larger audience, extending the utility of the data to new environments and evolving use cases without compromising the personal information of individuals whose data are being distributed. The resounding issue with such practices is that, with any anonymity measure, there is a trade-off between privacy and utility, where maximizing one carries a cost to the other. In this paper, the authors propose a framework for the utility-preserving release of anonymized data, based on the idea of intelligent data brokerages. These brokerages act as intermediaries between users requesting access to information resources and an existing database management system (DBMS). Through the use of a formal language for interpreting user information requests, customizable anonymization policies, and optional natural language processing (NLP) capabilities, data brokerages can maximize the utility of data in-context when responding to user inquiries.
System Upgrade and Integration at a Medium-Sized Dental Clinic
Authors: Park Eun G. , Paris Benjamin
Published: December 2014

The implementation of electronic health records systems (EHRS) has a major impact on both clinical staff and physicians. However, it is difficult for small and medium sized clinics to adopt EHRS. Without proper mechanisms and methodologies in place, the transition is often slowed down for several reasons. In order to identify what issues and challenges are involved in transitions, this study was conducted to 1) investigate the current issues and perspectives of employees regarding a system upgrade, database integration and managerial efficiency in order to streamline daily business operations at a medium-sized dental clinic, and 2) suggest the best strategy to solve the identified problems and challenges. Interviews were conducted with administrative staff members, a dentist, a dental resident and the director of the clinic. Interviews were transcribed and grouped into two major categories: managerial efficiency and employees' responses toward system upgrade and integration.
Die Waarderende Ondersoek-aanpak as nuttige instrument vir verandering
Authors: Van Helden Sophia
Published: December 2014

In hierdie artikel word Waarderende Ondersoek (WO) as ’n nuttige instrument vir verandering binne die kerklike praktyk bespreek asook die rede waarom dit as waardevol vir die kerk beskou word. Die verband tussen taal, denke en verandering word uiteengesit. Aangesien die huidige gereformeerde kerkpraktyk op skrifgefundeerde omkeer fokus, behoort gelowiges bewus te wees van effektiewe hulpmiddels wat tot diepgrondige verandering kan meewerk. Die spesifieke taalaanpak wat in verskeie dele van die Woord herkenbaar is, is grootliks binne die gereformeerde akademiese praktyk en ook binne die informele nie-akademiese teologiese praktyke onbekend. ’n Bespreking van die WO-aanpak, asook die historiese ontwikkeling, die navorsing wat op hierdie terrein gedoen is, ’n beoordeling van WO en ’n voorbeeld van die aanwending van WO wat op ’n informele wyse in die kerkpraktyk ter wille van verandering aangewend is, is daarom nodig.This article discusses Appreciative Inquiry (AI) as useful tool for the sake of change within the church practice. AI as a language approach explains why it can be seen as valuable to the church. The relationship between language, thought and change are outlined. Since the current reformed church practice focuses on a scriptural turn around, believers ought to beaware of effective aids working towards deep change. This language approach, which can be recognised in a variety of passages in the Word, is largely unknown within the reformed academic practice, but also within the informal non-academic theological practices. It is therefore necessary to discuss the AI approach, as well as the historical development, research done in this field, an assessment of AI and an example of where AI was informally utilised ina church practice for the sake of change.
An unusual case of bilateral renal lymphangiectasia
Authors: Singh Shailender N. , Sundar Gaurav , Satishchandra Hanuman
Published: December 2014

Renal lymphangiectasia is a very rare benign disorder characterised by dilatation of the perirenal and peripelvic lymphatics. The condition is commonly misdiagnosed for othercystic lesions of the kidney such as polycystic kidneys. The diagnosis can be made with near-certainty if classical imaging findings are recognised. We report a case of bilateral renal lymphangiectasia, diagnosed on ultrasonography and computed tomography based on the typical imaging findings and the laboratory analysis of aspirated fluid. The patient was managed conservatively.
An approach for performing a successful computed tomography colonography examination
Authors: Bortz Joel H.
Published: December 2014

Computed tomography colonography (CTC) is a minimally invasive, fast, safe and accurate screening examination for colorectal cancer. It also allows evaluation of structures outside the colon. A successful CTC examination requires good bowel preparation, adequate patient hydration, tagging agents, the use of automated carbon dioxide insufflation, and correct positioning for two view and additional view scans. Knowledge of polyp morphology and measurement of polyps are important when interpreting 2D or 3D scans.
The ivy sign
Authors: Mahomed Nasreen , Chisama Evance , Prabhu Sanjay
Published: December 2014

The ivy sign refers to diffuse bilateral leptomeningeal enhancement on post- contrastT1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and increased signal intensity in bilateralsubarachnoid spaces and perivascular spaces on T2-weighted fluid attenuation inversionrecovery (FLAIR) MRI sequences in patients with moyamoya disease.
Computed tomographic colonography: Diagnosis of an incarcerated Spigelian hernia
Authors: Bortz Joel H.
Published: December 2014

A 68-year-old obese man underwent computed tomographic colonography (CTC) scanning to investigate worsening constipation and lower abdominal discomfort on his left side.Optical colonoscopy was contraindicated because of his comorbidities. A preliminary CTC diagnosis of incarcerated Spigelian hernia was made, based on lateral deviation of thesigmoid colon to the left as well as extrinsic impressions on it, and the central location of the small bowel. Spigelian hernia is a rare form of anterior abdominal wall hernia. CTC can play a role in its diagnosis.
Current radiological strategies for the assessment of right lower quadrant abdominal pain
Authors: Naidoo Pumersha , Singh Bhugwan
Published: December 2014

Right lower quadrant abdominal pain is a common clinical entity. Imaging and the radiologistplay an integral role in achieving a diagnosis, so guiding prompt management of patients.This review discusses the spectrum of pathology and imaging findings, and highlights and contrasts the preferred imaging modalities in different subsets of patients.
Answer to head and neck imaging
Authors: Misser Shalendra
Published: December 2014

Several answers to the quiz question were received from all quarters of the country. Noteworthyresponses came from Drs Ian Haynes, Nikelo Mabandla, Francois Roux, Mlindeli Masango,Andrew Lawson, Zakariya Vawda and Zain Ally. Spot-on diagnoses with the best radiologicaldescriptions obtained were from Dr Naye Sihlali and Dr Fourie Bezuidenhout, who share theprize. Congratulations to all respondents.
Post-traumatic myositis ossificans
Authors: Zietkiewicz John M.
Published: December 2014

Post-traumatic myositis ossificans (PTMO) is characterised by abnormal heterotopic boneformation involving striated muscle. PTMO is usually associated with trauma and is most common in the second and third decades. An important teaching point is that in the early or subacute phase, clinical and imaging features can mimic a soft-tissue sarcoma. A combination of imaging modalities is required to evaluate the muscle lesion.
A Role for the Cavin-3/Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Signaling Axis in the Regulation of PMA-Activated Human HT1080 Fibrosarcoma Cell Neoplastic Phenotype
Authors: Toufaily Chirine , Charfi Cyndia , Annabi Bayader , Annabi Borhane
Published: December 2014

Caveolae are specialized cell membrane invaginations known to regulate several cancer cell functions and oncogenic signaling pathways. Among other caveolar proteins, they are characterized by the presence of proteins of the cavin family. In this study, we assessed the impact of cavin-1, cavin-2, and cavin-3 on cell migration in a human HT-1080 fibrosarcoma model. We found that all cavin-1, -2 and -3 transcripts were expressed and that treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), which is known to prime cell migration and proliferation, specifically upregulated cavin-3 gene and protein expression. PMA also triggered matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 secretion, but reduced the global cell migration index. Overexpression of recombinant forms of the three cavins demonstrated that only cavin-3 was able to reduce basal cell migration, and this anti-migratory effect was potentiated by PMA. Interestingly, cavin-3 overexpression inhibited PMA-induced MMP-9, while cavin-3 gene silencing led to an increase in MMP-9 gene expression and secretion. Furthermore, recombinant cavin-3 significantly prevented PMA-mediated dephosphorylation of AKT, a crucial regulator in MMP-9 transcription. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that cellular cavin-3 expression may repress MMP-9 transcriptional regulation in part through AKT. We suggest that the balance in cavin-3-to-MMP-9 expression regulates the extent of extracellular matrix degradation, confirming the tumor-suppressive role of cavin-3 in controlling the invasive potential of human fibrosarcoma cells.
Changes in Protein Level in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of a Patient with Cerebral Radiation Necrosis Treated with Bevacizumab
Authors: Yano Hirohito , Nakayama Noriyuki , Morimitsu Kasumi , Futamura Manabu , Ohe Naoyuki , Miwa Kazuhiro , Shinoda Jun , Iwama Toru
Published: December 2014

A 32-year-old woman underwent surgeries and radiation therapy for astrocytoma. She developed symptomatic radiation necrosis in the lesion, which caused hydrocephalus. She initially underwent ventricular drainage, because the protein level in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was 787 mg/dL, which was too high for shunt surgery. Because she also had breast cancer, which was pathologically diagnosed as an invasive ductal carcinoma, standard bevacizumab therapy in combination with paclitaxel every 2 weeks was selected. Interestingly, after 2 days, the agents had dramatically reduced the CSF protein level. However, it returned to approximately the initial level within 2 weeks. After two courses of this regimen, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was placed. After 10 courses of this regimen, the CSF protein level decreased to 338 mg/dL, which is less than half of the initial level. Long-term administration of bevacizumab might decrease leakage of protein from the vessels around the ventriculus.
Factors Associated with the Performance and Cost-Effectiveness of Using Lymphatic Filariasis Transmission Assessment Surveys for Monitoring Soil-Transmitted Helminths: A Case Study in Kenya
Authors: Smith Jennifer L. , Sturrock Hugh J. W. , Assefa Liya , Nikolay Birgit , Njenga Sammy M. , Kihara Jimmy , Mwandawiro Charles S. , Brooker Simon J.
Published: December 2014

Transmission assessment surveys (TAS) for lymphatic filariasis have been proposed as a platform to assess the impact of mass drug administration (MDA) on soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). This study used computer simulation and field data from pre- and post-MDA settings across Kenya to evaluate the performance and cost-effectiveness of the TAS design for STH assessment compared with alternative survey designs. Variations in the TAS design and different sample sizes and diagnostic methods were also evaluated. The district-level TAS design correctly classified more districts compared with standard STH designs in pre-MDA settings. Aggregating districts into larger evaluation units in a TAS design decreased performance, whereas age group sampled and sample size had minimal impact. The low diagnostic sensitivity of Kato-Katz and mini-FLOTAC methods was found to increase misclassification. We recommend using a district-level TAS among children 8–10 years of age to assess STH but suggest that key consideration is given to evaluation unit size.
Ledantevirus: A Proposed New Genus in the Rhabdoviridae has a Strong Ecological Association with Bats
Authors: Blasdell Kim R. , Guzman Hilda , Widen Steven G. , Firth Cadhla , Wood Thomas G. , Holmes Edward C. , Tesh Robert B. , Vasilakis Nikos , Walker Peter J.
Published: December 2014

The Le Dantec serogroup of rhabdoviruses comprises Le Dantec virus from a human with encephalitis and Keuriliba virus from rodents, each isolated in Senegal. The Kern Canyon serogroup comprises a loosely connected set of rhabdoviruses many of which have been isolated from bats, including Kern Canyon virus from California, Nkolbisson virus from Cameroon, Central African Republic, and Cote d'Ivoire, Kolente virus from Guinea, Mount Elgon bat and Fikirini viruses from Kenya, and Oita virus from Japan. Fukuoka virus isolated from mosquitoes, midges, and cattle in Japan, Barur virus from a rodent in India and Nishimuro virus from pigs in Japan have also been linked genetically or serologically to this group. Here, we analyze the genome sequences and phylogenetic relationships of this set of viruses. We show that they form three subgroups within a monophyletic group, which we propose should constitute the new genus Ledantevirus.
The Relevance of Biopsy in Tuberculosis Patients Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Bae Kyung Min , Lim Sung-Chul , Kim Hyung Ho , Lee Woo Jin , Yun Na Ra , Kim Choon-Mee , Kim Dong-Min
Published: December 2014

Although chronic granulomatous inflammation (CGI) with concomitant caseous necrosis (CN) is a characteristic histological feature of tuberculosis (TB), few studies have investigated its frequency or various pathologic findings. The medical records of 227 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -negative, culture-positive TB patients who underwent biopsy were studied. After the frequency of characteristic pathological findings of TB was determined, a pathologist reanalyzed the pathological findings with particular focus on necrosis and reclassified CGI, CN, or possible CN into possible TB pathologic findings. The initial biopsy interpretation revealed that 63 (34.8%) of 181 patients with pulmonary TB had caseating granulomas, 36 (19.9%) patients had only CGI, and 6 (3.3%) patients had only CN. Among 46 patients with extrapulmonary TB, 16 (34.8%) patients had only caseating granulomas, and 14 (30.4%) patients had only CGI. More patients who underwent percutaneous lung biopsy had CGI or CN (76.3%) than patients who underwent transbronchial lung biopsy (53.6%). The reanalysis confirmed all CN cases identified by the first interpretation, and 20 (95.2%) of 21 non-CN cases were reclassified as possible CN. Ten cases (three pulmonary and seven extrapulmonary) were reclassified as possible TB pathologic findings from just necrosis. Caseating granuloma was present in only one-third of TB cases. Even in cases where only necrosis was identified, CN may be present.
Framework for Structuring Procurement Contracts
Authors: Borg Lena , Lind Hans
Published: December 2014

The aim of this paper is to propose a new framework for structuring contract types and payment methods. Concerning procurement contracts, the first important new feature of this framework is a stepwise structure with three main steps in the contract design: (1) what will be procured—should the contract only include construction, or should it include both construction and operation/maintenance (2) who will do the detailed design of the premise and (3) how many contractors will the client use? The second important new feature of this framework is that both step 2 and step 3 include a continuum of alternatives. Concerning payment methods, the new framework is primarily based on how the specific risks of the project are shared. These frameworks can be useful for policy formulation in that they can help to avoid some problematic ways of formulating policies.
Farewell from the Editor: Some Reflections about the Past, the Present and the Future
Authors: Runeson Göran
Published: December 2014

Editirial - Farewell from the Editor: Some Reflections about the Past, the Present and the Future
An improved dust emission model – Part 2: Evaluation in the Community Earth System Model, with implications for the use of dust source functions
Authors: Kok J. F. , Albani S. , Mahowald N. M. , Ward D. S.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. The complex nature of mineral dust aerosol emission makes it a difficult process to represent accurately in weather and climate models. Indeed, results in the companion paper indicate that many large-scale models underestimate the dust flux's sensitivity to the soil's threshold friction velocity for erosion. We hypothesize that this finding explains why many dust cycle simulations are improved by using an empirical dust source function that shifts emissions towards the world's most erodible regions. Here, we both test this hypothesis and evaluate the performance of the new dust emission parameterization presented in the companion paper. We do so by implementing the new emission scheme into the Community Earth System Model (CESM) and comparing the resulting dust cycle simulations against an array of measurements. We find that the new scheme shifts emissions towards the world's most erodible regions in a manner that is strikingly similar to the effect of implementing a widely used source function based on satellite observations of dust source regions. Furthermore, model comparisons against aerosol optical depth measurements show that the new physically based scheme produces a statistically significant improvement in CESM's representation of dust emission, which exceeds the improvement produced by implementing a source function. These results indicate that the need to use an empirical source function is eliminated, at least in CESM, by the additional physics in the new scheme, and in particular by its increased sensitivity to the soil's threshold friction velocity. Since the threshold friction velocity is affected by climate changes, our results further suggest that many large-scale models underestimate the global dust cycle's climate sensitivity.
Rapid transport of East Asian pollution to the deep tropics
Authors: Ashfold M. J. , Pyle J. A. , Robinson A. D. , Nadzir M. S. M. , Phang S. M. , Samah A. A. , Ong S. , Ung H. E. , Peng L. K. , Yong S. E. , Harris N. R. P.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Anthropogenic emissions from East Asia have increased over recent decades, and under the prevailing westerly winds, these increases have led to changes in atmospheric composition as far afield as North America. Here we show that, during Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter, pollution originating in East Asia also directly affects atmospheric composition in the deep tropics. We present observations of marked intra-seasonal variability in the anthropogenic tracer perchloroethene (C2Cl4) collected at two locations in Borneo during the NH winter of 2008/09. We use the NAME trajectory model to show that the observed enhancements in C2Cl4 mixing ratio are caused by rapid meridional transport, in the form of "cold surges", from the relatively polluted East Asian land mass. In these events air masses can move across > 30° of latitude in 4 days. We then present data from the Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate reanalysis which suggests that air masses high in C2Cl4 may also contain levels of the pollutants carbon monoxide and ozone that are approximately double the typical "background" levels in Borneo. Convection in Southeast Asia can be enhanced by cold surges, and further trajectory calculations indicate that the polluted air masses can subsequently be lifted to the tropical upper troposphere. This suggests a potentially important connection between mid-latitude pollution sources and the very low stratosphere.
Elemental composition and clustering of α-pinene oxidation products for different oxidation conditions
Authors: Praplan A. P. , Schobesberger S. , Bianchi F. , Rissanen M. P. , Ehn M. , Jokinen T. , Junninen H. , Adamov A. , Amorim A. , Dommen J. , Duplissy J. , Hakala J. , Hansel A. , Heinritzi M. , Kangasluoma J. , Kirkby J. , Krapf M. , Kürten A. , Lehtipalo K. , Riccobono F. , Rondo L. , Sarnela N. , Simon M. , Tomé A. , Tröstl J. , Winkler P. M. , Williamson C. , Ye P. , Curtius J. , Baltensperger U. , Donahue N. M. , Kulmala M. , Worsnop D. R.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. This study presents the difference between oxidised organic compounds formed by α-pinene ozonolysis and hydroxyl radical (OH) oxidation in the CLOUD environmental chamber. The results from three Atmospheric Pressure interface Time-Of-Flight (APi-TOF) mass spectrometers measuring simultaneously the composition of naturally charged, as well as neutral species (via chemical ionisation with nitrate) are discussed. Natural chemical ionisation takes place in the CLOUD chamber and organic oxidised compounds form clusters with nitrate, bisulphate, bisulphate/sulphuric acid clusters, ammonium, and dimethylaminium, or get protonated. This process is selective towards various oxidised organic compounds, so that in order to get a comprehensive picture of the elemental composition of oxidation products, several instruments must be used. A comparison between oxidation products containing 10 and 20 carbon atoms is presented. Oxidation products from ozonolysis showed a higher oxidation state than the ones from OH oxidation. Also, highly oxidised organic compounds are shown to be formed in the early stages of the oxidation, for low α-pinene levels.
The use of NO2 absorption cross section temperature sensitivity to derive NO2 profile temperature and stratospheric–tropospheric column partitioning from visible direct-sun DOAS measurements
Authors: Spinei E. , Cede A. , Swartz W. H. , Herman J. , Mount G. H.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. This paper presents a temperature sensitivity method (TESEM) to accurately calculate total vertical NO2 column, atmospheric slant NO2 profile-weighted temperature (T), and to separate stratospheric and tropospheric columns from direct-sun (DS), ground-based measurements using the retrieved T. TESEM is based on differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) fitting of the linear temperature-dependent NO2 absorption cross section, σ (T), regression model (Vandaele et al., 2003). Separation between stratospheric and tropospheric columns is based on the primarily bimodal vertical distribution of NO2 and an assumption that stratospheric effective temperature can be represented by temperature at 27 km ± 3 K, and tropospheric effective temperature is equal to surface temperature within 3–5 K. These assumptions were derived from the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) chemistry-transport model (CTM) simulations over two northern midlatitude sites in 2011. TESEM was applied to the Washington State University Multi-Function DOAS instrument (MFDOAS) measurements at four midlatitude locations with low and moderate NO2 anthropogenic emissions: (1) the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Table Mountain Facility (JPL-TMF), CA, USA (34.38° N/117.68° W); (2) Pullman, WA, USA (46.73° N/117.17° W); (3) Greenbelt, MD, USA (38.99° N/76.84° W); and (4) Cabauw, the Netherlands (51.97° N/4.93° E) during July 2007, June–July 2009, July–August and October 2011, November 2012–May 2013, respectively. NO2 T and total, stratospheric, and tropospheric NO2 vertical columns were determined over each site.
Low-level mixing height detection in coastal locations with a scanning Doppler lidar
Authors: Vakkari V. , O'Connor E. J. , Nisantzi A. , Mamouri R. E. , Hadjimitsis D. G.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Mixing height is one of the key parameters in describing lower tropospheric dynamics, and capturing the diurnal variability is crucial, especially in interpreting surface observations. In this paper we introduce a method for identifying mixing heights below the vertical minimum range of a scanning Doppler lidar. The method we propose is based on velocity variance in low elevation angle conical scanning, and is applied to measurements in two very different coastal environments: Limassol, Cyprus during summer; and Loviisa, Finland during winter. At both locations, the new method agrees well with mixing heights derived from turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate profiles obtained from vertically-pointing measurements. The low-level scanning routine frequently indicated non-zero mixing heights less than 100 m above the surface. Such low mixing heights were more common at wintertime Loviisa on the Baltic Sea coast than during summertime in Mediterranean Limassol.
Diagnostic calibration of a hydrological model in an alpine area by hydrograph partitioning
Authors: He Z. H. , Tian F. Q. , Gupta H. V. , Hu H. C. , Hu H. P.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Hydrological modeling can exploit informative signatures extracted from long time sequences of observed streamflow for parameter calibration and model diagnosis. In this study we explore the diagnostic potential of hydrograph partitioning for model calibration in alpine areas, where meltwater from snow and glaciers are important sources for river runoff (in addition to rainwater). We propose an index-based method to partition the hydrograph according to dominant runoff water sources, and a diagnostic approach to calibrate an alpine hydrological model. First, by accounting for the seasonal variability of precipitation and the altitudinal variability of temperature and snow/glacier coverage, we develop a set of indices to indicate the daily status of runoff generation from each type of water source (i.e. glacier meltwater, snow meltwater, rainwater, and groundwater). Second, these indices are used to partition a hydrograph into four parts associated with four different combinations of dominant water sources (i.e. groundwater, groundwater + snow meltwater, groundwater + snow meltwater + glacier meltwater, groundwater + snow meltwater + glacier meltwater + rainwater). Third, the hydrological model parameters are grouped by the associated runoff generation mechanism, and each group is calibrated to match the corresponding hydrograph partition in a stepwise and iterative manner. Similar to use of the regime curve to diagnose seasonality of streamflow, the hydrograph partitioning curve based on a dominant runoff water source (more briefly called the partitioning curve, not necessarily continuous) can serve as a diagnostic signature that helps relate model performance to model components. The proposed methods are demonstrated via application of a semi-distributed hydrological model (THREW) to the Tailan River basin (1324 km2) in the Tianshan Mountain of China.
Transient behavior in the Lorenz model
Authors: Kravtsov S. , Sugiyama N. , Tsonis A. A.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Dynamical systems like the one described by the three-variable Lorenz model may serve as metaphors for complexity in nature. When natural systems are perturbed by external forcing factors, they tend to relax back to their equilibrium conditions after the forcing has shut off. Here we investigate the behavior of such transients in the Lorenz model by studying its trajectories initialized far away from the asymptotic attractor. Perhaps somewhat surprisingly, these transient trajectories exhibit complex routes and, among other things, sensitivity to initial conditions akin to that of the asymptotic behavior on the attractor. Thus, similar extreme events may lead to widely different variations before the perturbed system returns back to its statistical equilibrium.
Oculo-ectodermal syndrome: A case report and further delineation of the syndrome
Authors: Habib Fajish , Elsaid Mahmoud F. , Salem Khalid Yacout , Ibrahim Khalid Omer , Mohamed Khalid
Published: December 2014

Oculo-ectodermal syndrome (OES - OMIM 600628), also known as Toriello Lacassie Droste syndrome, is a very rare condition, first described by Toriello et al., in 1993. OES has been proposed to be a mild variant of encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis (ECCL). It is characterized by aplasia cutis congenita (ACC), epibulbar dermoids, coarctation of the aorta, arachnoid cysts in the brain, seizure disorder, hyperpigmented nevi, non-ossifying fibromas and a predisposition to develop giant cell tumors of the jaw. There are few reported cases of OES worldwide but with no definite diagnostic criteria yet. We present a case in a child with unilateral hyperpigmented nevi and ACC on the scalp, ocular lesions (lipodermoid cysts and coloboma), temporal arachnoid cyst, spinal lipomatosis and aortic coarctation with the aim of enhancing the foundation to establish diagnostic criteria for this condition. It additionally serves as a teaching point to emphasize the importance of pursuing a definite diagnosis when faced with such a multisystem illness, to counsel patients and their parents regarding long term morbidity and overall prognosis.
BEZERRAS DE CORTE INFECTADAS NATURALMENTE COM PARASITAS GASTRINTESTINAIS  EPIDEMIOLOGIA E TRATAMENTO SELETIVO
Authors: MOLENTO M.B. , ALMEIDA M. , GUTERRES E. , ROMAN J. , FREITAS F. , ROCHA M.
Published: December 2014

A severidade das infecções parasitárias depende em grande parte da quantidade e do tipo de parasita presente e do estado nutricional dos animais. O objetivo deste experimento foi associar o efeito da suplementação protéica e pastagem de alta qualidade com diferenças na resposta ao desafio parasitário em 36 novilhas de oito meses, naturalmente infectadas, durante 120 dias. Grupo I: pastagem (Avena strigosa e Lolium multiflorum); Grupo II: pastagem e níveis crescentes de suplemento (Triticum aestivum, farelo de trigo) de 0,3 a 1,5% do peso vivo (PV); Grupo III: pastagem e suplemento a 0,9% do PV e Grupo IV: pastagem e níveis decrescentes de suplemento. O grau de infecção parasitária foi determinado através da contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) e coprocultura. Animais com OPG acima de 600 foram tratados com levamisole (Ripercol®, Fort Dodge). A coprocultura revelou os gêneros Cooperia spp. e Trichostrongylus spp. O ganho de peso, o escore corporal e o nível parasitário foi semelhante entre os grupos. Foram administradas 24 doses de anti-helmíntico com baixo grau de repetibilidade dos animais. Determinou-se que o tratamento seletivo pode ser aplicado quando os animais dispõem de pastagem de alta qualidade e com baixo desafio parasitário, independente de suplementação alimentar. Naturally infected beef heifers with gastrintestinal parasites  epidemiology and selective treatment Abstract The severity of parasite infections depends in part by the number and the parasite species as well as on the nutritional status of the host. The objective of this work was to determine the association between protein supplement and good quality pasture with parasite challenge infection in 36 naturally infected, 8 months old beef heifers during 120 days. Group I: pasture (Avena strigosa and Lolium multiflorum); Group II: pasture plus increasing levels of supplement (Triticum aestivum, wheat bran) from 0.3 to 1.5% of live weight (LW); Group III: pasture plus 0.9% LW of supplement; Group IV: pasture plus decreasing levels of supplement. Parasite infection was determined through fecal egg counts (EPG) and coproculture. All animals with EPG above 600 were treated with levamisole (Ripercol®, Fort Dodge). Coproculture displayed Cooperia sp. and Trichostrongylus sp. Weight gain, body condition score and parasite levels were similar among all groups. Twenty-four doses of the anthelmintic were administered with low animal repeatability. It was determined that the selective treatment may be used when animals have access to good quality pasture and a low parasite challenge, independently of the supplement offered.
CONGELABILIDADE DO SÊMEN SUÍNO DE ACORDO COM O PERÍODO DE EQUILÍBRIO PRÉ-CONGELAMENTO E DA SENSIBILIDADE AO RESFRIAMENTO
Authors: OHATA P.M. , BERNARDI M.L. , REIS G.R. , BORTOLOZZO F.P. , WENTZ I.
Published: December 2014

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do período de equilíbrio pré-congelamento e da sensibilidade ao resfriamento sobre a qualidade do sêmen suíno congelado. Foram utilizados dez ejaculados de cada um dos 8 machos doadores. A motilidade de doses de sêmen preparadas a partir dos mesmos ejaculados utilizados no congelamento, foi avaliada simultaneamente, durante o resfriamento a 15ºC, a cada 24h. A porção de cada ejaculado destinada ao congelamento foi separada em duas partes que foram submetidas a equilíbrio prévio, a 20ºC, curto (1,5h) ou longo (20h). As palhetas foram descongeladas a 37ºC por 20 segundos e seu conteúdo (0,5mL) foi diluído (1:6) em Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS). Foram avaliados a motilidade (MOT), acrossomos normais após o descongelamento (NARPD) e após o teste de termoresistência (NARTTR), e membranas íntegras (MI). Para a análise estatística, os ejaculados foram separados, de acordo com sua sensibilidade ao resfriamento, em dois grupos: motilidade 0,05). O equilíbrio por 20h não apresentou diferenças na MOT e MI (P>0,05), mas o NARPD e NARTTR foram superiores (P
TEMPO NECESSÁRIO PARA NOVILHAS NELORE CRIADAS A PASTO, GANHAREM 210, 240, 270 KG DESDE O NASCIMENTO
Authors: ROSA A.B. , SOUZA J.C. , SILVA L.O.C. , PEREIRA E.B. , MALHADO C.H.M. , FERRAZ FILHO P.B. , GONDO A. , FREITAS J.A.
Published: December 2014

O objetivo foi avaliar o número de dias para novilhas da raça Nelore (4.577) ganharem 210, 240 e 270 kg a partir do nascimento, criadas em regime de pasto. Para as análises estatísticas, utilizou-se o método dos quadrados mínimos. O modelo continha os efeitos fixos de mês e ano de nascimento da novilha e a idade da mãe como covariável; como efeito aleatório, touro aninhado dentro de fazenda e o erro. As respostas mostraram que é possível desafiar fêmeas mais jovens, com pesos menores, quando lhes são asseguradas boas condições nutricionais, e assim permitir que seu crescimento não seja interrompido. Days from birth to get 210, 240, 270 kg for nellore heifers on grazing Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the number of days for 4,577 nellore heifers raised in regimen of grass to get 210, 240 and 270 kg of weight since the birth. For statistical analyses, the square means method was used. The model contained the fixed effects from helfer´s month and year of birth and the dam´s age as co-variable; as random effect, bull sheltered inside the farm and the error. The results showed that it is possible to challenge younger females, with lower weight, when good nutritional conditions are assured, allowing uninterrupted growth.
DETERMINAÇÃO DE CORPOS CETÔNICOS NA URINA COMO FERRAMENTA PARA O DIAGNÓSTICO RÁPIDO DE CETOSE SUBCLÍNICA BOVINA E RELAÇÃO COM A COMPOSIÇÃO DO LEITE
Authors: CAMPOS R. , GONZÁLEZ F. , COLDEBELLA A. , LACERDA L.
Published: December 2014

Nas primeiras semanas de lactação as vacas de alta produção apresentam severas mudanças metabólicas, em virtude do déficit energético derivado do baixo consumo de matéria seca e da alta produção, constituindo fator predisponente para a cetose. As perdas econômicas ocasionadas pela cetose subclínica não têm sido adequadamente avaliadas. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo relacionar a presença de corpos cetônicos na urina com os níveis plasmáticos de beta-hidroxibutirato (BHB) e o conteúdo de sólidos totais no leite. Foram utilizadas 140 vacas multíparas da raça Holandesa de cinco rebanhos com produção intensiva nas condições do Sul do Brasil. Os animais foram amostrados nas semanas 2, 5, 8 e 11 de lactação. Em cada período foram coletadas amostras de urina, amostras de sangue para a quantificação de BHB e amostras de leite para a determinação de sólidos totais. Na urina foram aplicadas quatro tiras reativas para a determinação de corpos cetônicos pelo método do nitroprussiato de sódio e foi determinado o pH. A proporção de vacas positivas a cetonúria foi de 11,2%. Valores de BHB acima de 1,2 mmol/L (ponto de corte para cetose) estiveram presentes em 12,4% das vacas. Concluísse que a cetose subclínica pode ser monitorada através tiras reagentes de corpos cetônicos na urina. Não foi encontrada correlação entre os sólidos totais no leite e o estado de cetose do animal.
PREFERÊNCIA DE EQÜINOS EM PASTEJO: EFEITO DA ALTURA DE DOSSÉIS DE GRAMÍNEAS DO GÊNERO CYNODON
Authors: DITTRICH J.R. , CARVALHO P.C.F. , MORAES A. , LUSTOSA S.B.C. , SILVEIRA E.O. , OLIVEIRA E.B.
Published: December 2014

O experimento foi conduzido no Centro de Estações Experimentais da Universidade Federal do Paraná, em fevereiro de 1998, quando as gramíneas Cynodon spp. cv Tifton 85, Cynodon nlemfuensis cv Tifton 68, Cynodon spp. cv Tifton 44, Cynodon nlemfuensis (Porto Rico) e Cynodon nlemfuensis (Estrela Roxa) foram estabelecidas em parcelas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. As parcelas foram subdivididas em duas alturas do dossel (alto e baixo) caracterizadas pela diferença de altura das plantas. Os tratamentos foram ofertados a três éguas por duas horas em cinco dias consecutivos. A preferência entre os tratamentos foi identificada pela avaliação do número de bocados e pela desfolha nas unidades vegetativas marcadas nas parcelas e alturas. A profundidade do bocado foi quantificada por meio da identificação da altura do perfilho estendido e da menor altura pastejada nos perfilhos marcados das diferentes gramíneas. A Tifton 85 foi preferida, seguida pela Coastcross 1, Tifton 68 e Tifton 44. A Estrela Roxa e a Porto Rico foram preteridas. As gramíneas de maior preferência apresentavam maior massa de folhas verdes em relação à massa de colmos (P
AVALIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE MITOCONDRIAL EM ESPERMATOZÓIDES PÓS-COLHEITA E PÓS-DESCONGELAÇÃO DE CAPRINOS DAS RAÇAS BOER E ALPINA NO OUTONO E PRIMAVERA
Authors: CAVALCANTE T.V. , ESPER C.R. , FERREIRA J.L. , DIAS F.E.F. , AZEVEDO H.C. , CORDEIRO M.F. , SOUZA J.A.T.
Published: December 2014

Os espermatozóides caprinos realizam a respiração mitocondrial, mantendo um balanço energético necessário para o transporte e as demais funções celulares. Um teste objetivo de avaliação quantitativa e qualitativa da atividade mitocondrial em espermatozóides caprinos foi aplicado no sêmen de nove reprodutores das raças Boer (n=5) e Alpina (n=4) colhidos e congelados em diluidor TRIS em duas estações. A colheita do sêmen foi realizada com auxílio da vagina artificial, totalizando 135 ejaculados e foram confeccionados esfregaços com sêmen pós-colheita e pós-descongelação. Para a determinação da atividade mitocondrial foi utilizado o procedimento citoquímico desenvolvido e validado por HRUDKA (1987). Esta técnica é baseada na oxidação da 3,3-diaminobenzidine (DAB) pela enzima em reação em cadeia, onde o reagente é polimerizado e depositado na bainha mitocondrial ao longo da peça intermediária dos espermatozóides. Foi determinado um índice médio de atividade citoquímica (IAC) de 74,37%, 74,37% no outono, 77% e 77,75% na primavera. E 85,62% e 85,93 no pós-colheita, 66% e 67,25% pós-descongelação para as raças Boer e Alpina, respectivamente. As variáveis raças, pós-colheita e pós-descongelação, classes (IAC), e estação foram estudadas por meio de ANOVA. Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas para raças, classes, bem como para as estações. Entretanto, efeito significativo entre as amostras pós-colheita e pós-descongelação (P
INCIDÊNCIA DE ALTERAÇÕES DENTÁRIAS EM UM REBANHO BOVINO LEITEIRO
Authors: OLLHOFF R.D. , PEREIRA I.R.A. , LUZ N.C. , MACHADO F.G.
Published: December 2014

O presente experimento objetivou levantar a incidência de alterações dentárias em bovinos leiteiros criados intensivamente. Realizou-se o exame clínico da cavidade oral de 64 vacas em lactação mantidas em sistema de free-stall com duas ordenhas diárias, sendo o alimento oferecido em comedouro cimentado. Foram examinadas 16 vacas da raça Pardo-Suíça e 48 vacas da raça Holstein Friesian com idade média de 48,1 meses (21 a 108 meses de idade). Em 38 vacas (59,4%) utilizou-se a grosa dental com cabeça móvel para raspagem dos dentes, seguido de antiséptico bucal (15 ml de solução de violeta de genciana a 1% p.o.). Em 26 animais (40,6%) não foi necessária nenhuma intervenção. As alterações mais comuns encontradas foram desgastes da superfície oclusal de molares e pré-molares em escada com formação de pontas excessivamente proeminentes e afiadas em 37 animais (57,8%). Os desgastes ocorreram em 28,1% dos pré-molares superiores direitos e esquerdos, em 4,7 % dos pré-molares inferiores direitos e em 6,3 % dos prémolares inferiores esquerdos. Os molares apresentavam o mesmo desgaste excessivo em 20,3% dos superiores direitos e 18,8% dos superiores esquerdos. Os molares inferiores direitos e esquerdos participaram respectivamente com 9,4% e 7,8 %. Foram ainda observados 4 casos de gengivite em incisivos (6,3 %), 4 casos de fratura de incisivos (6,3 %), 3 casos de desgaste em meia lua de incisivos na face oclusal (4,7%), 3 casos de desgaste de incisivos em face labial (4,7%), 2 casos de persistência dos incisivos decíduos (3,2%), um caso de úlcera em mucosa lingual e bucal (1,6%), um caso de desgaste excessivo de incisivo com exposição de polpa dentária e fratura (1,6%) e um caso de hipoplasia dentária (1,6%). Conclui-se que o exame da cavidade oral dos bovinos leiteiros constitui um instrumento importante para a promoção da saúde e produtividade do rebanho.
FLUTUAÇÃO POPULACIONAL DE Whitius piger (PSEUDOSCORPIONIDA) EM GRANJA AVÍCOLA EM PELOTAS, RS, BRASIL
Authors: PINTO D.M. , RIBEIRO P.B. , SILVEIRA JR. P. , BERNARDI E.
Published: December 2014

Para avaliar a flutuação populacional de Whitius piger foram utilizados dois métodos de monitoramento, armadilha do tipo tubo e do tipo sanduíche. O experimento realizou-se no período de abril de 2002 a março de 2003, em aviário do Conjunto Agrotécnico Visconde da Graça (CAVG), localizado em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Nesse período foram capturados 1539 exemplares de Whitius piger, sendo o período de maior ocorrência no mês de março (312), quando a temperatura média mensal foi de 22,2ºC e a menor ocorrência foi no mês de junho (11) com temperatura média mensal de 14,5ºC. O pseudoescorpionideo esteve presente nos 12 meses de coleta, apresentando maior captura nos meses de maior temperatura e menor captura nos meses de menor temperatura.
MANIFESTAÇÕES CLÍNICAS EM GATOS COM HIPERTIREOIDISMO EXPERIMENTAL
Authors: CARDOSO M.J.L. , COSTA F.S. , MUNIZ L.M.R. , ZALITH A.C.A. , PADOVANI C.R. , ARAGON F.F.
Published: December 2014

A relação do hipertireoidismo experimental com parâmetros clínicos foi avaliada em gatos machos e fêmeas, intactos e mantidos em estado hipertireóideo por um período de 42 dias. Os parâmetros estudados foram consumo diário de água e ração, débito urinário, o volume fecal, peso corporal, temperatura corporal, coloração de membranas mucosas, palpação de linfonodos superficiais, palpação da glândula tireóide, pulso femoral, auscultação cardíaca e respiratória, freqüência cardíaca e respiratória e palpação abdominal. Correlacionou-se as variáveis com os níveis de T3 total, T4 livre e total. O excesso dos hormônios tireoidianos acompanhou aumento da freqüência cardíaca, polifagia, polidipsia, perda de peso e aumento do volume fecal nos gatos estudados.
DIGESTIBILIDADE DA FRAÇÃO NITROGENADA EM BOVINOS ALIMENTADOS COM RAÇÕES CONTENDO DIFERENTES FONTES DE NITROGENIO
Authors: ROSSI JUNIOR P. , SAMPAIO A.A.M. , VIEIRA P.F.
Published: December 2014

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a digestibilidade da fração nitrogenada em animais alimentados com diferentes fontes de nitrogênio (N). As dietas foram fornecidas a bezerros da raça Holandesa, canulados no abomaso, com idade aproximada de 8 meses e peso médio de 187 kg, totalizando 21 animais escolhidos aleatoriamente, formando o grupo de repetições experimentais. As rações experimentais foram constituídas de 40 % de volumoso (feno de Capim-de-Rhodes) e 60 % de concentrado (milho, farelo de algodão, levedura, uréia, melaço e minerais), sendo: RA: ração com farelo de algodão; RL: ração com levedura; RU: ração com uréia. A quantidade de N ingerido em g/dia e em relação ao peso metabólico não apresentou diferenças significativas (P > 0,05) à medida que se variou a fonte nitrogenada das dietas. O N presente no abomaso (g/ dia) também não apresentou diferenças significativas entre as dietas (P > 0,05). A digestibilidade aparente do N foi superior (P < 0,05) na dieta RU (53,61 %) em relação às dietas RA e RL (46,66 e 46,37 %, respectivamente). As dietas RA e RL, apesar de apresentarem maiores quantidades de nitrogênio não-amoniacol (NNA) presentes no abomaso (71,75 e 72,38 g/dia respectivamente) em relação à dieta RU (P < 0,05), também foram as que apresentaram maiores quantidades eliminadas nas fezes (37,74 e 41,20 g/dia, respectivamente); isto contribuiu para que a quantidade de NNA absorvida no intestino (g/dia) não apresentasse diferenças significativas entre as dietas (P > 0,05). As fontes nitrogenadas das dietas interferiram sobre a digestibilidade aparente do nitrogênio.
VALORES DE REFERÊNCIA PARA O PERFIL ELETROFORÉTICO DE PROTEÍNAS SÉRICAS EM CABRAS
Authors: SANTAROSA K.T. , ROCHA E SILVA R.C. , SILVA J.B.A. , SOTO-BLANCO B.
Published: December 2014

O perfil eletroforético de proteínas séricas é uma ferramenta que pode ser utilizada como auxílio ao diagnóstico de diversas patologias. No entanto, para adequada interpretação deste exame, é necessário o estabelecimento dos valores de referência locais, uma vez que estes podem divergir daqueles obtidos em outras condições. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar valores de referência para o exame eletroforético de proteínas séricas em caprinos criados no estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 22 caprinos adultos negativos para o vírus da artrite e encefalite caprinas, de propriedades localizadas no município de Afonso Bezerra, RN. Foram determinados os níveis séricos de proteínas totais e das diferentes frações de proteínas separadas por eletroforese. Os resultados obtidos foram: proteínas totais - 70,0g/L; albumina - 37,0g/L; a- globulinas - 7,63g/L; b1-globulinas - 10,4g/L; b2- globulinas - 10,2g/L; g-globulinas - 4,76g/L e relação albumina/globulinas - 1,16. Assim, os resultados obtidos poderão ser utilizados no auxílio ao diagnóstico de doenças em caprinos.