bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The characters of root-derived fungi from Gentiana scabra Bunge and the relations with their habitats
Authors: Hu Tianshuai , Wang Fuqi , Wang Dongmei , Guo Ruixue , Zhai Ying , Wang Huan , Cheng Cheng , Ding Wenjing , Ren Shumeng , Pan Yingni , Liu Xiaoqiu
Published: October 2022

Aims
Gentiana scabra Bunge (GTSB) root-derived fungi including endophytic fungi (EF) and rhizospheric fungi (RF) are key factors which influence the quality and fitness of this important herb.
Methods
We determined the population, diversity, and the dominant type of EF and RF in GTSB obtained from Liaoning, Yunnan and Jilin province, China by using ITS rRNA cloning and sequencing methods. Meanwhile, we investigated the potential influence of different habitats on fungi communities, and analyzed the correlation between fungi communities, the main active metabolites of Gentian polysaccharide and gentiopicroside in GTSB and soil physicochemical properities.
Results
5,419 fungal isolates, belonging to 1 domain, 1 kingdom, 8 phyla, 32 classes, 104 orders, 280 families, 630 genera, 1,238 species were obtained. The population and diversity of EF and RF varied in both habitats and months, showing a significant difference. Among them, the predominant genera of EF were Lecidella and unclassified_p_Ascomycota, while the predominant genera of RF were complicated. Compared to EF, the diversity of rhizosphere fungi is more affected by soil physicochemical properties, including pH, water content, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, etc. Additionally, we found that the accumulation of gentiopicroside was positively correlated with EF of Epicoccum and RF of Mortierella, Solicoccozyma, Talaromyces and Trichoderma. The accumulation of Gentian polysaccharide was negatively correlated with EF of Lenzites, Mucor, Myrothecium and Saccharomycopsis and rhizosphere fungi, such as Botrytis, Cadophora, Cladophora, Didymela, Fusarium, etc.
Conclusions
This work will guide the development strategies to cultivate high-quality Gentiana scabra Bunge in the future and provide new ideas for the study of other medicinal plants.
1H, 15N and 13C resonance assignments of a minimal CPSF73-CPSF100 C-terminal heterodimer
Authors: Thore Stéphane , Fribourg Sébastien , Mackereth Cameron D.
Published: October 2022

The initial pre-mRNA transcript in eukaryotes is processed by a large multi-protein complex in order to correctly cleave the 3’ end, and to subsequently add the polyadenosine tail. This cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) is composed of separate subunits, with structural information available for both isolated subunits and also larger assembled complexes. Nevertheless, certain key components of CPSF still lack high-resolution atomic data. One such region is the heterodimer formed between the first and second C-terminal domains of the endonuclease CPSF73, with those from the catalytically inactive CPSF100. Here we report the backbone and sidechain resonance assignments of a minimal C-terminal heterodimer of CPSF73–CPSF100 derived from the parasite Encephalitozoon cuniculi. The assignment process used several amino-acid specific labeling strategies, and the chemical shift values allow for secondary structure prediction.
Effective role of dietary curcumin nanoparticles and Spirulina platensis supplementation on growth, digestive enzymes, hematological, serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant status, immune responses, and histological examination in Nile tilapia fingerlings
Authors: Eissa El-Sayed Hemdan , Elbahnaswy Samia , Elshopakey Gehad E. , Alamoudi Muna Omer , Aljarari Rabab Mohamed , Khattab Marwa S.
Published: October 2022

The positive effects of feeding nano-curcumin and Spirulina platensis onO. niloticus's growth performance, hepatoprotective ability, antioxidant response, immunity, digestibility, and organ histopathology were predicted by this study. Nile tilapia fingerlings (n = 180 fish; 10 ± 0.5 g) were divided into three groups (three replicates/group) and fed diets containing zero percent (control), 30 mg kg-1 curcumin nanoparticles (Cu-NPs group), and 5 g kg-1Spirulina platensis(SP group). Growth performance, haematological, antioxidant, biochemical, and immunological markers plus histological changes were evaluated after the feeding study lasted 56 days. Our results revealed that Cu-NPs and SP have favorable effects on carcass composition, growth performance, hematological, and biochemical parameters. Moreover, Cu-NPs and SP supplementation significantly elevated serum Ig M level (p < 0.01,p < 0.05), lysozyme (p < 0.001), amylase (p < 0.05,p < 0.01), lipase (p < 0.05) and protease (p < 0.01) activities unlike the control group. Additionally, significant elevation of SOD (p < 0.001) and GPx (p < 0.01,p < 0.05) activities with diminished MDA (p < 0.001,p < 0.01) production was noticed in SP and Cu-NPs groups compared to control one. Overall, diets supplemented with Cu-NPs and SP effectively improved the growth performance, hepatic function, immune response, and antioxidant impacts in Nile tilapia fingerlings.
Impact of different mosquito collection methods on indicators of Anopheles malaria vectors in Uganda
Authors: Mawejje Henry , Asiimwe Jackson R , Kyagamba Patrick , Kamya Moses R , Rosenthal Philip J , Lines Jo , Dorsey Grant , Staedke Sarah G
Published: October 2022

Background:
Methods used to sample mosquitoes are important to consider when estimating entomologic metrics. Human landing catches (HLCs) are considered the gold standard for collecting malaria vectors. However, HLCs are labor intensive, can expose collectors to transmission risk, and are difficult to implement at scale. This study compared alternative methods to HLCs for collecting Anopheles mosquitoes in eastern Uganda.
Methods:
Between June and November 2021, mosquitoes were collected from randomly selected households in three parishes in Tororo and Busia districts. Mosquitoes were collected indoors and outdoors using HLCs in 16 households every 4 weeks. Additional collections were done indoors with prokopack aspirators, and outdoors with pit traps, in these 16 households every 2 weeks. CDC light trap collections were done indoors in 80 households every 4 weeks. Female Anopheles mosquitoes were identified morphologically and An. gambiae s.l. were speciated using PCR. Plasmodium falciparumsporozoite testing was done with ELISA.
Results:
Overall, 4,891 female Anopheles were collected, including 3,318 indoors and 1,573 outdoors. Compared to indoor HLCs, vector density (mosquitoes per unit collection) was lower using CDC light traps (4.24 vs 2.96, density ratio [DR] 0.70, 95% CIs 0.63 – 0.77, p<0.001) and prokopacks (4.24 vs 1.82, DR 0.43, 95% CIs 0.37 – 0.49, p<0.001). Sporozoite rates were similar between indoor methods, although precision was limited. Compared to outdoor HLCs, vector density was higher using pit trap collections (3.53 vs 6.43, DR 1.82, 95% CIs 1.61 – 2.05, p<0.001), while the sporozoite rate was lower (0.018 vs 0.004, rate ratio [RR] 0.23, 95% CIs 0.07 – 0.75, p=0.008). The main differences between collection methods were: (1) An. funestus were over-represented in the prokopack collections (75.0%) compared to the indoor HLCs (25.8%), and (2) An. arabiensis were over-represented in the pit trap collections (84.3%) compared to the outdoor HLCs (36.9%).
Conclusion:
In this setting, CDC light traps and prokopack aspirators are alternative methods for sampling mosquitoes indoors, each with advantages, but prokopacks may not provide an accurate sampling of mosquitoes responsible for malaria transmission. Pit traps could be a useful alternative for sampling outdoor resting mosquitoes, but accuracy of measures of transmission intensity may be limited.
The association between dietary magnesium intake and hemoglobin glycation index
Authors: Chen Juan , Lin Song , Wang Xingzhou , Wang Xiwei , Pengxia Gao
Published: October 2022

Objective
The data for the effect of dietary magnesium (Mg) on hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) is limited. Thus, this study aimed to examine the relationship between dietary Mg and HGI in the general population.
Methods
Our research used the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2001 to 2002. The dietary intake of Mg was assessed by two 24-h dietary recalls. The predicted HbA1c was calculated based on fasting plasma glucose. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were applied to assess the relationship between dietary Mg intake and HGI.
Results
We found a significant inverse association between dietary Mg intake and HGI (β = -0.00016, 95%CI: -0.0003, -0.00003, P = 0.019). Dose-response analyses revealed that HGI decreased with increasing intakes of Mg when reached the point above 412 mg/d. There was a linear dose-response relationship between dietary Mg intake and HGI in diabetic subjects, and there was an L-shape dose-response relationship in non-diabetic individuals.
Conclusion
Increasing the intake of Mg might protect from HGI. Further prospective studies are requested before dietary recommendations.
Biological properties of Staphylococcus virus ΦSA012 for phage therapy
Authors: Fujiki Jumpei , Nakamura Tomohiro , Nakamura Keisuke , Nishida Keita , Amano Yurika , Watanabe Yusaku , Gondaira Satoshi , Usui Masaru , Shimizu Masaru , Miyanaga Kazuhiko , Watanabe Shinya , Iwasaki Tomohito , Kiga Kotaro , Hanawa Tomoko , Higuchi Hidetoshi , Sawa Teiji , Tanji Yasunori , Tamura Yutaka , Cui Longzhu , Iwano Hidetomo
Published: October 2022

Staphylococcus virus ΦSA012 has a wide host range and efficient lytic activity. Here, we assessed the biological stability of ΦSA012 against temperature, freeze-thawing, and pH to clinically apply the phage. In addition, inoculation of ΦSA012 through i.p. and i.v. injections into mice revealed that phages were reached the limit of detection in serum and accumulated notably spleens without inflammation at 48 h post-inoculation. Furthermore, inoculation of ΦSA012 through s.c. injections in mice significantly induced IgG, which possesses neutralizing activity against ΦSA012 and other Staphylococcusviruses, ΦSA039 and ΦMR003, but not Pseudomonasviruses ΦS12-3 and ΦR18 or Escherichiaviruses T1, T4, and T7 in vitro. Immunoelectron microscopic analysis showed that purified anti-phage IgG recognizes the long-tail fiber of staphylococcus viruses. Although S. aureus inoculation resulted in a 25% survival rate in a mouse i.p. model, ΦSA012 inoculation (i.p.) improved the survival rate to 70%; however, the survival rate of ΦSA012-immunized mice decreased to less than non-immunized mice with phage i.v. injection at a MOI of 100. These results indicated that ΦSA012 possesses promise for use against staphylococcal infections but we should carefully address the appropriate dose and periods of phage administration. Our findings facilitate understandings of staphylococcus viruses for phage therapy.
Partial Domination of Network Models *
Authors: Zhang Shumin , Jia Tianxia , Zhao Conghui
Published: October 2022

Partial domination [8] is a theory first proposed in 2015 on the basis of domination theory, which has a wide range of research value. Let G = (V, E) be a graph and F be a family of graphs, a subset S ⊆ V is called an F-isolating set of G if G[V \NG[S]] does not contain F as a subgraph for all F ∈ F. If F = {K2}, S is an isolating set of G if G[V \NG[S]] does not contain K2. The isolation number of G is the minimum cardinality of an isolating set of G, denoted by ι(G). The hypercube network and n-star network are the basic models for interconnection networks, and they have many attractive topological properties. In this paper, we investigate the sharp bounds of the isolation numbers of the hypercube network Qn and n-star network Sn, and obtain (2n−1)\n ≤ ι(Qn) ≤ 2n−3 for any positive integer n ≥ 4 and (n·(n2−2)!)\2 ≤ ι(Sn) ≤ (n − 1)! for any positive integer n ≥ 2.
AMS subject classification: 05C05, 05C12, 05C76
Emergent Hybrid Surgical Approaches for Non-Dissecting Ruptured Kommerell's Aneurysm: A Case Series
Authors: Velandia-Sánchez Alejandro , Gómez-Galán Sebastián , Gallo-Bernal Sebastian , Polanía-Sandoval Camilo A. , Pineda-Rodríguez Ivonne G. , Florez-Amaya Paula , Sanabria-Arévalo Lina M. , Senosiain-González Julián , Barrera-Carvajal Juan G. , Umaña Juan P. , Camacho-Mackenzie Jaime
Published: October 2022

Background
Kommerell's diverticulum is a rare developmental abnormality of the aorta, associated in 20–60% of the cases with an aberrant subclavian artery. A Kommerell’s aneurysm is a saccular or fusiform dilatation that can be found in 3–8% of Kommerell’s diverticulum cases. A non-dissecting rupture rate of 6% has been reported. Because the patient's life is at risk, emergent surgical correction is usually granted. Different surgical interventions have been proposed, including open, endovascular, or hybrid approaches. However, evidence regarding the optimal surgical approach in the acute setting is scarce. In this case series, we aim to describe our surgical experience in the management of type-1 non-dissecting ruptured Kommerell's aneurysm.
Cases presentation:
From January 2005 to December 2020, three cases of type-1 non-dissecting ruptured Kommerell's aneurysm requiring emergent surgical repair were identified. The mean age was 66.67 ± 7.76 years, and 3/3 were male. The most common symptoms were atypical chest pain, dyspnea, and headache (2/3). The most frequent comorbidity was hypertension (2/3). The mean aneurysm’s diameter was 63.67 ± 5.69 mm. Frozen Elephant Trunk was the preferred surgical approach (2/3). The Non-Frozen Elephant Trunk patient underwent a hybrid procedure consisting of a carotid-subclavian bypass and a zone-2 stent graft deployment. We found a mean clamp time of 140 ± 60.75 min, cardiac arrest time of 51.33 ± 3.06 min, and a hospital stay of 13.67 ± 5.51 days. The most common complications were surgical-site infection and shock (2/3). Only one patient died (1/3).
Conclusion
Evidence involving the accurate diagnosis, prevention, and management of type-1 non-dissecting ruptured Kommerell's aneurysms is scarce. Additional, robust, and more extensive studies are required. The selection of the appropriate surgical approach is challenging. In our experience, Frozen Elephant Trunk was feasible for patients requiring emergent surgical repair. However, other hybrid procedures can be performed.
Transplantation and non-invasive longitudinal in vivo imaging of parathyroid cells
Authors: Bränström Robert , Krieken Pim van , Fröbom Robin , Juhlin Carl Christofer , Dicker Andrea , Leibiger Barbara , Leibiger Ingo B. , Berggren Per-Olof , Aspinwall Craig A.
Published: October 2022

The parathyroid cell is a critical physiological regulator of extracellular Ca2+ levels via secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Regulation of PTH secretion is complex, not fully understood and represents a unique feature between extracellular Ca2+, intracellular Ca2+, and hormone secretion. One major problem in parathyroid research is the difficulty maintaining surgically procured cells ex vivo to allow detailed cellular characterization. Here, we introduce a new platform for transplantation and non-invasive in vivo imaging of parathyroid cells using the anterior chamber of the eye as a transplantation site. Parathyroid tissue pieces transplanted into the mouse eye engrafted on the iris became vascularized and retained cellular composition. Transplanted animals showed elevated PTH levels as a sign of a functional graft. In vivo confocal microscopy allowed repetitive monitoring of parathyroid graft morphology and vascularization. In summary, there is an urgent need for novel methods to characterize complex cellular processes in parathyroid cells. We show a novel method and strategy for non-invasive in vivo investigations that can be applied under physiological and pathological conditions, enabling deepening knowledge of parathyroid physiology and pathology.
Graph-DTI: A new Model for Drug-target Interaction Prediction Based on Heterogenous Network Graph Embedding
Authors: Qu Xiaohan , Du Guoxia , Hu Jing , Cai Yongming
Published: October 2022

Background
Accurate prediction of drug-target interactions (DTIs) can guide the drug discovery process and thus facilitate drug development. Most existing computational models for machine learning tend to focus on integrating multiple data sources and combining them with popular embedding methods. However, researchers have paid less attention to the correlation between drugs and target proteins. In addition, recent studies have employed heterogeneous network graphs for DTI prediction, but there are limitations in obtaining rich neighborhood information among nodes in heterogeneous network graphs.
Results
Inspired by recent years of graph embedding and knowledge representation learning, we develop a new end-to-end learning model, called Graph-DTI, which integrates various information from heterogeneous network data and automatically learns topology-preserving representations of drugs and targets to facilitate DTI prediction. Our framework consists of three main building blocks. First, we integrate multiple data sources of drugs and target proteins and build a heterogeneous network from a collection of datasets. Second, the heterogeneous network is formed by extracting higher-order structural information using a GCN-inspired graph autoencoder to learn the nodes (drugs, proteins) and their topological neighborhood representations. The last part is to predict the potential DTIs and then send the trained samples to the classifier for binary classification.
Conclusions
The substantial improvement in prediction performance compared to other baseline DTI prediction methods demonstrates the superior predictive power of Graph-DTI. Moreover, the proposed framework has been successful in ranking drugs corresponding to different targets and vice versa. All these results suggest that Graph-DTI can provide a powerful tool for drug research, development and repositioning.
The labour market dilemma of young urban women in India:An outcome of family welfare optimization
Authors: Parida Jajati Keshari , Bhagavatula Niharika
Published: October 2022

This paper explains the patterns and determinants of labour market participation behaviour of young urban women in India using a theoretical model. Based on the National Sample Survey (NSS) data, and through probit regression results, it argues that the labour market participation decision of young women is an outcome of the joint utility maximization behaviour of their family. The standard of living of the family, market wage, other family characteristics including number of children, adult women in the family, elderly members, and occupation, and gender of the head etc., are significantly determining their labour market participation; apart from women’s individual characteristics like age (experience) and level of education and training. The empirical result also reflects that the “discouraged worker effect” is stronger than “added worker phenomenon”. In this context, measure to create jobs in modern services could help to boost the stagnant female labour force participation upward in urban India.
Antimicrobial potential of known and novel probiotics on in vitro periodontitis biofilms
Authors: Teughels Wim , Holm Wannes Van , Carvalho Rita , Delanghe Lize , Eilers Tom , Zayed Naiera , Mermans Fabian , Bernaerts Kristel , Boon Nico , Claes Ingmar , Lebeer Sarah
Published: October 2022

Several oral diseases are characterized by a shift within the oral microbiome towards a pathogenic, dysbiotic composition. Broad spectrum antimicrobials are often part of their treatment. However, with the rising antibiotic resistance, alternatives are increasingly desirable. Alternatively, supplying beneficial species through probiotics is increasingly showing beneficial results, however, these probiotics are rarely evaluated comparatively. In this study, the in vitro effects of three known- and three novel lactobacillus strains, together with four novel Streptococcus salivarius strains were comparatively evaluated for antagonistic effects on proximal agar growth, antimicrobial properties of probiotic supernatant and the probiotic's effects on in vitro periodontal biofilms. Strain specific effects were observed as differences between genera and differences in efficacy within genera. While some of the lactobacillus candidates were able to reduce the periodontal pathobiont A. actinomycetemcomitans, the S. salivarius strains were not. However, the S. salivarius strains were more effective against P. intermedia, P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum. Most of the lactobacillus strains also negatively affected the prevalence commensal species within the biofilms, while this was lower for S. salivarius strains. Both within lactobacilli and streptococci some strains showed significantly more inhibition of the pathobionts, indicating the importance of proper strain selection. Additionally, some species showed reductions in non-target species, which can result in unexpected and unexplored effects on the whole microbiome.
A strain of Vibrio alginolyticus isolated from Azumapecten farreri and its pathogenic mechanism using CRISPRI-Cas9 technology
Authors: Ma jingxue , Zhang peiyu , Zheng minggang , wang bo , Gao ping , Qu lingyun , Zheng fengrong
Published: October 2022

Scallops have become an important aquaculture species in China because they contain high-quality protein, and scallops are important health food that combines multiple effects and high economic benefits. However, scallop aquaculture is perennially threatened by various pathogenic Vibrio species, leading to great economic losses. We obtained a strain of pathogenic bacteria, identified as V. alginolyticus, from the diseased Azumapecten farreri in the scallop farming area of Huangdao District in 2018, and V. alginolyticus is one of the major shellfish pathogens. We showed that V. alginolyticus was isolated and identified as a pathogen in Azumapecten farreri for the first time. In this study, we evaluated its morphology and performed a phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In addition, we performed a preliminary analysis of its pathogenic mechanisms. The Hfq protein in V. alginolyticus is an important RNA-binding protein in the sensing (QS) system that not only affects the sensitivity of Vibrio to environmental stress but also regulates a variety of functions, such as cell membrane formation, motility, and virulence towards the host. However, its effect on the pathogenesis of V. alginolyticus to Azumapecten farreri is unclear. To further investigate the pathogenic mechanism of the Hfq protein in V. alginolyticus to Azumapecten farreri , we used the CRISPR-Cas9 system to target and deplete the Hfq gene fragment in V. alginolyticus and obtained the mutant strain V. ΔHfq - . We found that the peripheral flagellum of the mutant strain was lost, which reduced the motility of V. alginolyticus . Therefore, deletion of target genes by the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system confirmed that the Hfq protein played a key role in reducing the ability of V. alginolyticus to infect Azumapecten farreri . In conclusion, our current findings provided valuable insights into the healthy culture of scallops.
Comparative analysis of two kinds of garlic seedings: qualities and transcriptional landscape
Authors: Ai Penghui , Xue Jundong , Zhu Yifei , Tan Wenchao , Wu Yifei , Wang Ying , Li Zhongai , Shi Zhongya , Kang Dongru , Zhang Haoyi , Jiang Liwen , Wang Zicheng
Published: October 2022

Background: Facility cultivation is widely applied to meet the increasing demand for high yield and quality, with light intensity and light quality being major limiting factors. However, how changes in the light environment affect development and quality are unclear in garlic. When garlic seedlings are grown, they can also be exposed to blanching culture conditions of darkness or low-light intensity to ameliorate their appearance and modify their bioactive compounds and flavor.
Results: In this study, we determined the quality and transcriptomes of 14-day-old garlic and blanched garlic seedlings (green seedlings and blanched seedlings) to explore the mechanisms by which seedlings integrate light signals. Seedling quality was significantly lower in blanched garlic seedlings. We also identified 5,783 differentially expressed genes between green and blanched garlic seedlings. Gene Ontology term enrichment analysis revealed an overrepresentation of genes mainly involved in secondary metabolism, catalytic activity, and binding. Similarly, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis suggested enrichment for plant-pathogen interactions, phytohormone signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, and other metabolic processes. In agreement, we identified multiple types of transcription factor genes involved in plant-pathogen interactions, plant phytohormone signaling, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites among the differentially expressed genes between green and blanched garlic seedlings.
Conclusions: Blanching culture is one facility cultivation mode that promotes chlorophyll degradation, thus changing the outward appearance of crops, and improves their flavor. A transcriptome analysis of garlic seedlings grown in light and darkness conditions. The large number of DEGs identified confirmed the difference of the regulatory machinery under two culture system. This study increases our understanding of the regulatory network integrating light and darkness signals in garlic seedlings and provides a useful resource for the genetic manipulation and cultivation of blanched garlic seedlings.
Research on the ring formation mechanism of magnesian flux pellets in rotary kiln
Authors: Guo Zongheng , Tian Tielei , Zhang Yuzhu
Published: October 2022

The forming of rings was a key problem of magnesian flux pellets in rotary kiln, which seriously limited production efficiency. Pellet powder and flux were the raw materials of the ring. Based on this, the bonding strength, melting behavior and microstructure of pellet powder and its mixed powder with flux were investigated. The influence of basicity on ring behavior of pellet powder was analyzed, and ring formation mechanism of magnesian flux pellets was clarified. The results showed that acid pellet powder was not easy to form rings due to lower bonding strength of briquettes. Due to changes in bonding process after mixing of flux, magnesian flux pellet powder produced ferrite and silicate liquid phase with lower melting point, which promoted diffusion and recrystallization of hematite and enhanced compressive strength of briquettes, then finally caused rings to form. Moreover, it is required to control roasting temperature below 1200℃, which is a necessary condition for magnesian flux pellet powder to form an initial ring which was easy to be destroyed.
Alteration analysis of refractories bricks for industrial horizontal anodes baking furnace
Authors: Tankeu Jeanne Solange Ntchayi , Gnamsi Guy Molay Tchapga , Tchamba Arlin Bruno , Ninla Patrick Lemougna , Kamseu Elie , Guidana Marcel , Nkeng George Elambo , Kausik Dana , Njopwouo Daniel
Published: October 2022

This study highlights the alteration of refractory bricks for anode baking furnace for unused and used bricks after 96 baking cycles. The chemical composition of the unused bricks included silica (51.37wt.%) and alumina (34.05wt.%). A decrease of compressive strength from 48.45 MPa to 32 MPa respectively for unused and used bricks were observed. The bulk density obtained by mercury intrusion porosimeter method decreased from 2.48 to 2.38 g/cm3for unused and used bricks; while the bulk density by archimades method increased from 2.29 to 2.49 g/cm3. The water absorption by Archimedes method is decreased from 6.65wt.% to 5.05wt.%. While the total porosity obtained by mercury intrusion porosimeter increased from 15.41wt.% to 17.21wt.% for unused and used bricks. In the same way the total cumulative pore increased from 62.05 mm3/g to 72.35 mm3/g for unused and used brick. While the average pore radius decreased from 5.65 µm to 1.06 µm respectively for unused and used brick due to the deposition of C and particles inside the pores. The alteration of the hot side of brick is due by the decrease of Si and Ti with increase of Fe; while the alteration of anode side is due to the increase of Si and decrease of Al. The anode side of brick is deterioted rapidly than hot side of brick. Mullite peak seems to be not change, suggesting that a very compacted brick with high mullite content and high alumina content 75-90wt.% seems to be the best matrix for bricks in anode baking furnace.
Three reasons why parental burnout is more prevalent in individualistic countries: A 36-country study
Authors: Roskam Isabelle , Aguiar Joyce , Akgun Ege , Arena Andrew F. , Arikan Gizem , Aunola Kaisa , Besson Eliane , Beyers Wim , Boujut Emilie , Brianda Maria Elena , Brytek-Matera Anna , Budak A. Meltem , Carbonneau Noémie , César Filipa , Chen Bin-Bin , Dorard Géraldine , Elias Luciana Carla Santos , Dunsmuir Sandra , Egorova Natalia , Favez Nicolas , Fontaine Anne-Marie , Foran Heather , Fricke Julia , Furutani Kaichiro , Gannagé Myrna , Gaspar Maria , Godbout Lucie , Goldenberg Amit , Gross James J. , Gurza Maria Ancuta , Helmy Mai , Huynh Mai Trang , Kawamoto Taishi , Lazarevic Ljiljana B. , Vigouroux Sarah Le , Lebert-Charron Astrid , Leme Vanessa , MacCann Carolyn , Manrique-Millones Denisse , Matias Marisa , Miranda-Orrego María Isabel , Miscioscia Marina , Morgades-Bamba Clara , Mousavi Seyyedeh Fatemeh , Muntean Ana , Olderbak Sally , Osman Fatumo , Oyarce-Cadiz Daniela , Pérez-Díaz Pablo A. , Petrides Konstantinos V. , Pineda-Marin Claudia , Prikhidko Alena , Ricci Ricardo T. , Salinas-Quiroz Fernando , Sarrionandia Ainize , Scola Céline , Simonelli Alessandra , Cabrera Paola Silva , Soenens Bart , Sorbring Emma , Sorkkila Matilda , Schrooyen Charlotte , Stănculescu Elena , Starchenkova Elena , Szczygiel Dorota , Tapia Javier , Tri Thi Minh Thuy , Tremblay Mélissa , Bakel Hedwig van , Verhofstadt Lesley , Wendland Jaqueline , Yotanyamaneewong Saengduean , Mikolajczak Moïra
Published: October 2022

Purpose The prevalence of parental burnout, a condition that has severe consequences for both parents and children, varies dramatically across countries and is highest in Western countries characterized by high individualism.
Method In this study, we examined the mediators of the relationship between individualism measured at the country level and parental burnout measured at the individual level in 36 countries (16,059 parents).
Results The results revealed three mediating mechanisms, that is, self-discrepancies between socially prescribed and actual parental selves, high agency and self-directed socialization goals, and low parental task sharing, by which individualism leads to an increased risk of burnout among parents.
Conclusion The results confirm that the three mediators under consideration are all involved, and that mediation was higher for self-discrepancies between socially prescribed and actual parental selves, then parental task sharing, and lastly self-directed socialization goals. The results provide some important indications of how to prevent parental burnout at the societal level in Western countries.
Dimethyl fumarate inhibits noncanonical pyroptosis in dental fibroblasts
Authors: Gu Fan , Wu Hailin , Huang Zhuo , Wang Fei , Yang Ruihuan , Bian Zhuan , He Miao
Published: October 2022

Backgound:
Pyroptosis is a type of inflammatory cell death and is related to some oral inflammatory diseases. However, how dental fibroblasts, the major cell type in inflamed pulp and periodontium, respond to pyroptotic stimuli is not fully understood. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a derivative of fumarate, has immunomodulatory effects and is used as an anti-inflammatory drug. However, the effects of DMF on dental fibroblasts under exposure to pyroptotic stimuli are unclear.
Methods
We used three methods (stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus nigericin, poly(dA:dT) transfection and LPS transfection) to induce pyroptosis in periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) and dental pulp cells (DPCs), two types of dental fibroblasts. THP-1 cell was used as a positive control. After that, PDLFs and DPCs were treated with or without DMF before inducing pyroptosis to examine the inhibitory effect of DMF. Pyroptotic cell death was measured by lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays, cell viability assays, propidium iodide (PI) staining and flow cytometry. The expression levels of cleaved gasdermin D N-terminal (GSDMD NT), caspase-1 p20, caspase-4 p31 and cleaved PARP were examined by immunoblotting. Immunofluorescence analysis was used to detect the cellular distribution of GSDMD NT.
Results
We showed that PDLFs and DPCs were more sensitive to cytoplasmic LPS-induced noncanonical pyroptosis than to canonical pyroptosis induced by stimulation with LPS priming plus nigericin or by poly(dA:dT) transfection. In addition, treatment with DMF attenuated cytoplasmic LPS-induced pyroptotic cell death in PDLFs and DPCs. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that the expression and plasma membrane translocation of GSDMD NT were inhibited in DMF-treated PDLFs and DPCs.
Conclusions
The current study indicates that dental fibroblasts are more sensitive to cytoplasmic LPS-induced noncanonical pyroptosis and that DMF treatment blocks pyroptosis in LPS-transfected dental fibroblasts by targeting GSDMD, suggesting DMF might be a promising drug for oral inflammatory diseases.
Genetic complementation fosters evolvability in complex fitness landscapes
Authors: Otero Ernesto Alejandro Segredo , Sanjuán Rafael
Published: October 2022

The ability of natural selection to optimize traits depends on the topology of the genotype-fitness map (fitness landscape). Epistatic interactions produce rugged fitness landscapes, where adaptation is constrained by the presence of low-fitness intermediates. Here, we used simulations to explore how evolvability in rugged fitness landscapes is influenced by genetic complementation, a process whereby different sequence variants can compensate for their deleterious mutations. We designed our model inspired by viral populations, in which genetic variants are known to interact frequently through coinfection. Our simulations indicate that genetic complementation enables a more efficient exploration of rugged fitness landscapes. Although this benefit may be undermined by genetic parasites, its overall effect on evolutionary fitness remains positive in populations that exhibit strong relatedness between interacting sequences. Similar processes could operate in contexts other than viral coinfection, such as in the evolution of ploidy.
Mafosfamide, a Cyclophosphamide Analog, Causes a Proinflammatory Response and Increased Permeability on Endothelial Cells in Vitro
Authors: Diaz-Ricart Maribel , Martinez-Sanchez Julia , Pascual-Diaz Roger , Palomo Marta , Moreno-Castaño Ana Belén , Ventosa Helena , Salas Maria , Rovira Montse , Escolar Gines , Carreras Enric
Published: October 2022

Post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) has decreased GVHD incidence. Endothelial damage in allo-HCT is caused by multiple factors, including conditioning treatments and some immunosupressants, and underlies HCT-complications as GVHD. Nevertheless, the specific impact of PTCy on the endothelium remains unclear. We evaluated the effect of mafosfamide (MAF), an active Cy analog, on endothelial cells (ECs) vs. cyclosporine A (CSA), with known damaging endothelial effect. ECs were exposed to MAF and CSA to explore changes in endothelial damage markers: i) surface VCAM-1, ii) leukocyte adhesion on ECs, iii) VE-cadherin expression, iv) production of VWF, and v) activation of intracellular signaling proteins (p38MAPK, Akt). Results obtained (expressed in folds vs. controls) indicate that both compounds increased VCAM-1 expression (3.1 ± 0.3 and 2.8 ± 0.6, respectively, p < 0.01), with higher leukocyte adhesion (5.5 ± 0.6, p < 0.05, and 2.8 ± 0.4, respectively). VE-cadherin decreased with MAF (0.8 ± 0.1, p < 0.01), whereas no effect was observed with CSA. Production of VWF augmented with CSA (1.4 ± 0.1, p < 0.05), but diminished with MAF (0.9 ± 0.1, p < 0.05). p38MAPK activation occurred with both compounds, being more intense and faster with CSA. Both drugs activated Akt, with superior MAF effect at longer exposure. Therefore, the cyclophosphamide analog MAF is not exempt from a proinflammatory effect on the endothelium, though without modifying the subendothelial characteristics.
An Unusual Case Of Acute Aortic Insufficiency From A Torn Non-Coronary Cusp
Authors: Moore Carolyn , Tayeb Taher , Brewer Colton , Burnett Dak , Gupta Kamal , Daon Emmanuel
Published: October 2022

Background: Aortic insufficiency (AI) is a valvular heart disease leading to inadequate closure of the valve leaflets. There are many different etiologies of AI.
Case Presentation: This case addresses an unknown etiology of acute AI from a torn non-coronary aortic cusp with associated acute heart failure that was ultimately treated with an aortic valve replacement.
Conclusions: Regardless of the etiology, prompt diagnosis, stabilization, and treatment are paramount to preventing progressive heart failure.
Association between socio-economic status and non-communicable disease risk in young adults from Kenya, South Africa, and the United Kingdom
Authors: Mtintsilana Asanda , Craig Ashleigh , Mapanga Witness , Dlamini Siphiwe N , Norris Shane A
Published: October 2022

There is a pressing need for global health preventions to curb the escalating burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Utilising multi-country study designs can improve our understanding of how socio-economic context shapes the aetiology of NCDs, and this has great potential to advance global health interventions. We examined the association between socio-economic status (SES) and NCD risk, and the potential moderating effects of smoking and alcohol intake in young adults (18-35-year-olds) from Kenya, South Africa (SA), and the United Kingdom (UK). Our study was a cross-sectional online survey that included 3000 respondents (n = 1000 per country, 50% women) conducted in April 2022. We utilised information on twelve NCDs to classify respondents as having “no condition”, “at least one condition”, and “multimorbidity” (having two or more conditions). A total household asset score was calculated and used as a proxy of SES, and subsequently categorised into quintiles (Q1-Q5; lowest-highest). Ordered logistic regression was used to test the associations between NCD risk and exposure variables. We found that a one-category increase in SES quintile was inversely associated with an increased NCD risk in the UK but was positively associated in SA and Kenya. In all countries, smoking and/or alcohol intake were positively associated with an increased NCD risk, and showed some moderating effects on the SES-NCD relationships. Specifically, in Kenya, the risk of developing NCD was more than two times higher in those in the middle (Q3) SES group (OR: 2.493; 95% CI: 1.519–4.091; p < 0.001) compared to their lowest (Q1) SES counterparts. After adjusting for smoking and alcohol, the ORs of middle (Q3) SES group changed from 2.493 to 2.241 (1.360–3.721; p = 0.002). Overall, we found that the strength and direction of SES-NCD associations differed within and between countries. This study highlights how different SES contexts shape the risk of NCDs among young adults residing in countries at different levels of economic development.
Effects of tidal volume challenge on the reliability of plethysmography variability index in hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgeries: a prospective interventional study
Authors: Salem Yasser S.M. , Botros Joseph Makram , Khalil Magdy , Algyar Mohamed Fouad , Yassin Hany Mahmoud
Published: October 2022

The plethysmography variability index (PVI) is a safe, non-invasive, and useful parameter for evaluating fluid responsiveness but it does not reliably predict fluid responsiveness during low tidal volume (VT) ventilation. We hypothesized that in a ‘tidal volume challenge’ with a transient increase in tidal volume from 6 to 8 ml/kg, the changes in PVI will predict fluid responsiveness. We performed a prospective interventional study in adult patients undergoing hepatobiliary pancreatic tumor resections, having continuous cardiac output monitoring, and receiving controlled low VT ventilation. We recorded the values for PVI, perfusion index, corrected flow time (FTc), index of contractility (ICON), stroke volume variation, and stroke volume index at VT of 6 ml/kg and 1 min after the VT challenge. The VT was reduced to 6 ml/kg and a fluid bolus was given to identify fluid responders. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for absolute change in PVI after increasing VT from 6 to 8 ml/kg was 0.86 (p-value < 0.001) with best cut-off value 2.5% with 95% sensitivity and 68% specificity after doing the tidal volume challenge. AUC for ICON and FTc at VT 8 ml/kg were 0.72 and 0.70 with p-value 0.008 and 0.01 and best cut-off values 40.7% and 332ms respectively. Changes in PVI value obtained by transiently increasing VT are superior to PVI value measured alone for predicting fluid responsiveness during low-VT ventilation. Also, ICON and FTc can be used as good and reliable predictors of fluid responsiveness.
Enhancing the Tribological Performance of MoS2 Coatings in Humid Environments with the Addition of Bi2S3
Authors: Prieto Germán , Pilotti Bruno Adrián , Sobanski Germán , Bajos Jairo , Tuckart Walter Roberto , Dennehy Mariana
Published: October 2022

The present work investigates the friction and wear properties of composite Bi2S3 - MoS2 soft coatings under different humidity levels. To achieve this goal, suspensions containing different proportions of Bi2S3 and MoS2 were sprayed onto polished SAE 1010 steel substrates to generate soft lubricating coatings. The coatings were subjected to reciprocant sliding tribological tests in air at different humidity levels, between 20 and 80%. Additionally, the formation of tribofilms in dry conditions was evaluated by means of reciprocant tests with increasing total sliding distances. The resulting wear surfaces were analyzed using SEM-EDS, Raman microspectroscopy, and laser confocal microscopy. The frictional behavior of the composite coatings was more stable than that of neat ones. The addition of Bi2S3 to MoS2 greatly enhanced the durability of the coatings at all the tested humidity levels, reaching up to a 760% increase in their durabilities. This effect depended on the humidity level and the ratio between Bi2S3 and MoS2.
Celecoxib enhances the regulation of sorafenib on the expression of prognostic genes in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Gu Wang , Zhang Chao
Published: October 2022

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor. The application of sorafenib has brought good results to the treatment of HCC, but the drug resistance of sorafenib cannot be ignored. Celecoxib can enhance the efficacy of sorafenib, but its mechanism is still unclear. The main purpose of this study is to study the efficacy and related mechanism of celecoxib and sorafenib in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Methods
The GSE45340 data set was retrieved from the Gene Expression Database (GEO), and the differentially expressed genes were obtained by GEO2R. Then, the differentially expressed genes were screened, analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and then analyzed by Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network to obtain the hub genes, which were verified in TCGA database.
Results
Through the analysis of GEO2r, we got 2181 differentially expressed genes. We selected 50 of the most diverse genes for go and KEGG enrichment analysis, and obtained their main enrichment pathways. The protein-protein interaction network of 50 genes was further obtained. Thus, the relevant key genes were obtained, and twelve genes were screened. Twelve genes (MCM4, POLA1, MCM6, MCM3, RBBP4, DNA2, AP2B1, KIF11, KIF23, TUBA1B, KIF14, NUDT21) significantly related to the prognosis of HCC and the molecular pathways involved in these genes were screened, which explained how celecoxib enhanced the efficacy of sorafenib. Twelve genes were further enriched and analyzed, and their possible mechanism of action was obtained.
Conclusions
celecoxib combined with sorafenib can enhance the regulation of hepatocellular carcinoma gene and reduce the drug resistance to sorafenib, which is of great significance for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
A few 1,3,4-oxadiazole-phenothiazine based donor-acceptor systems as potential multifaceted bioactive compounds
Authors: M Remya T , M Asha T , Deepti Ayswaria , Prakash Prabha , S Baby Chakrapani P , E Shiju , Unnikrishnan P. A.
Published: October 2022

1,3,4-Oxadiazole pharmacophore is still considered a viable biologically active scaffold for the synthesis of more effectual and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. Therefore, the present study is based on five 1,3,4-oxadiazole target structures, viz, CAROT, CAROP, CARON (D-A-D-A systems) and NOPON and BOPOB (D-A-D-A-D systems) bearing various bioactive heterocyclic moieties relevant to potential biological activities. Three of the compounds, CARON, NOPON and BOPOB were assessed in-vitro for their efficacy as antimicrobial agents against gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and gram negative (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia) bacteria; and two fungi, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans; also, as an anti-tuberculosis agent against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Most of the tested compounds displayed promising antimicrobial activity, especially CARON which was then analyzed for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) studies. Similarly, NOPON portrayed the highest anti-TB activity among the studied compounds. Consequently, to justify the detected anti-TB activity of these compounds and to recognize the binding mode and important interactions between the compounds and the ligand binding site of the potential target, these compounds were docked into the active binding site of cytochrome P450 CYP121 enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 3G5H. The docking results were in good agreement with the result of in-vitro studies. In addition, all the five compounds were tested for their cell viability and have been investigated for cell labeling applications. To conclude, one of the target compounds, CAROT was used for the selective recognition of cyanide ion by ‘turn-off’ fluorescent sensing technique. The entire sensing activity was examined by spectrofluorometric method and MALDI spectral studies. The limit of detection obtained was 0.14 µM.