bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adult penicillin allergy programmes in Australian hospitals: a practical guide from the National Antibiotic Allergy Network
Authors: Hannah Rory , Mitri Elise , Katelaris Constance H. , O'Hern Jennifer , Avent Minyon , Valoppi Glenn , Rawlins Matthew , Frith Catherine , McMullan Brendan , Kong David , Chua Kyra , Legg Amy , James Rod , Janson Sonja , Hawkins Carolyn , Randall Katrina , Ierano Courtney , Thursky Karin , Trubiano Jason A.
Published: October 2024

Penicillin allergy is a significant burden on patient, prescribing and hospital outcomes. There has been increasing interest in the incorporation of penicillin allergy testing (i.e. delabelling) into antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programmes to reduce the burden of penicillin allergy labels and improve prescribing. In particular, there has been a focus on point‐of‐care penicillin allergy assessment and direct oral challenge for low‐risk phenotypes. The National Antibiotic Allergy Network has provided a guide to assist AMS clinicians with the incorporation of penicillin allergy programmes, in particular direct oral challenge, into Australian hospitals.
Mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 facilitates the temozolomide resistance and migration of GBM via the MEK/ERK signalling
Authors: Wu Sicheng , Xue Senrui , Tang Yuchen , Zhao Wenyu , Zheng Maojin , Cheng Zhixuan , Hu Xin , Sun Jinmin , Ren Jing
Published: October 2024

Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 1 (MAP3K1) is overexpressed in gliomas; however, its clinical significance, biological functions, and underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Abnormal overexpression of MAP3K1 in glioma is strongly associated with unfavourable clinicopathological characteristics and disease progression. MAP3K1 could potentially serve as a reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for glioma. MAP3K1 silencing suppressed the migration but had no effect on the proliferation and cell death of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) cells. MAP3K1 knockdown exacerbated the temozolomide (TMZ) induced inhibition of glioma cell proliferation and death of GBM cells. In addition, MAP3K1 knockdown combined with TMZ treatment significantly inhibited the growth and increased cell death in organoids derived from GBM patients. MAP3K1 knockdown reversed TMZ resistance of GBM in intracranial glioma model. In terms of molecular mechanisms, the phosphorylation level of ERK was significantly decreased by MAP3K1 silencing. No significant change in the JNK pathway was found in MAP3K1‐silenced GBM cells. Inhibition of ERK phosphorylation suppressed the migration and enhanced the TMZ sensibility of GBM cells. MAP3K1 was correlated with the immune infiltration in glioma. MAP3K1 could facilitate the migration and TMZ resistance of GBM cells through MEK/ERK signalling.
From Stream to Bloom: Exploring the Potential Role of Aquatic Insects for Pollination in Wetland Environments
Authors: Murail Cassandre , Baude Mathilde , Bergerot Benjamin , Geslin Benoit , Legay Nicolas , Villalta Irene , Greulich Sabine
Published: October 2024

The substantial loss of insects we are experiencing today has been highlighted all over the world. There is a growing concern about the global decline of pollinators and its impact on terrestrial and agricultural ecosystems, but the focus of scientists towards bees remains the rule. Therefore, the role of other insect taxa in pollination is still overlooked. Our review focused on some of these neglected pollinating taxa, the winged aquatic insects, i.e., insects with an aquatic larval stage such as Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Plecoptera (ETP), Megaloptera and some aquatic Diptera. We first documented the visitors of aquatic and wetland flowering plants, anticipating a greater presence of aquatic insects on these plants compared to terrestrial pollinators. Secondly, we documented plant visits, pollen found in gut contents and pollen transfers performed by aquatic insects. Our results revealed a surprisingly low proportion of aquatic insects visiting both aquatic and wetland plants, suggesting a potential gap in the literature. The scarcity of articles dedicated to pollen transfer by aquatic insects also indicates that they are fewly considered in ecological studies. While the role of aquatic insects in pollination is not well documented in the literature, records of their flower visits and pollen found on them or in their gut contents do exist and are promising clues to consider them as effective pollinators. Future research is needed to provide new insights into the importance of winged aquatic insects for the reproductive success of plants, which could also be an argument for the importance of wetland conservation.
Haematological and Biochemical Reference Intervals Towards a Proactive Health Monitoring Approach in Norwegian Atlantic Salmon Farming
Authors: Keitel‐Gröner Frederike , Hoel Eirik , Husebø Christina , Le Hoang Thi My Dung , Bjerkestrand Kristine Marie , Lagos Leidy , Sandstad Margunn , Knudsen David Lausten , Rennemo Johan , Berge Kjetil
Published: October 2024

Haematological and plasma parameters are used in veterinary medicine as a diagnostic tool, allowing for the early detection of potential health and welfare issues. For the implementation of monitoring strategies, reference intervals (RIs) are needed to know when deviations in those parameters become clinically relevant. Here, haematological and plasma biochemical RIs of Norwegian Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus) are presented for 29 biomarkers. Two subgroups were defined from the reference population based on water type, referred to as pre‐adult (freshwater, 166.8 ± 118.4 g, N = 979) and adult (seawater, 2655 ± 2883 g, N = 4941), collected at 93 fish farms along the Norwegian coast. While the influence of various pre‐analytical variables on RIs is well documented, aquaculture practitioners cannot always control those variables in the field. Here, RIs were calculated from blood samples collected based on local pre‐analytical practices and then further processed under standardised conditions (analytical phase). RIs are therefore considered highly relevant for the application in the field. Finally, when taking blood samples in the field, it is advised to centrifuge whole blood as soon as possible, while plasma parameters investigated were stable for 168 h at 4°C or 72 h at room temperature.
Has the Euro Paid Off? A Study of the Trade‐Induced Welfare Effects of the EMU
Authors: Esteve‐Pérez Silviano , Gil‐Pareja Salvador , Llorca‐Vivero Rafael , Paniagua Jordi
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to provide policy‐relevant insights into the effect of the euro on trade. It uses a new data set of bilateral international and intranational manufacturing trade flows for 69 countries over the period 1986−2016. A general equilibrium gravity model is estimated to quantify the welfare effect of the euro and its impact on consumer prices and producer prices within countries (i.e., distributional effects). The results of three counterfactual experiments indicate that the euro has successfully increased welfare for the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and non‐EMU member countries. The results suggest that a two‐speed euro design would have further increased welfare, with some heterogeneity within countries. The growth effects of the euro are mainly driven by trade creation outside the EMU. This finding raises questions over the cohesiveness of the euro area as an optimum currency area.
Support for a Weight‐Inclusive Curriculum? Exploring Partner Perspectives and Influences on Nutrition Education in Vermont High Schools
Authors: Hinchey Deborah , Garnett Bernice Raveche , Gamble Janet , Pope Lizzy
Published: October 2024

Background

The weight‐normative approach to nutrition education dominates health education programming across the United States, despite evidence that this paradigm contributes to negative outcomes including weight cycling, bias and stigma, the development of disordered eating behaviors, and weight‐based bullying.

Methods

This study investigates perspectives of 10 potential partners with interest in and potential to influence nutrition education. Through qualitative interviews and document analysis, researchers explored support for a weight‐inclusive curriculum and factors that influence high school nutrition curricular content and implementation.

Results

Findings indicate that partners hold both weight‐inclusive and weight‐normative values, guidance around nutrition curricular content is lacking, and state‐level policy is crucial to the valuing and implementation of consistent curricula.

Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity

Lack of guidance or mandated curricular content contributes to inequities across the state. Weight‐inclusive curricular materials are needed. Administration must take an active role in providing access to professional development and state policy support for curricular implementation is essential.

Conclusions

Weight‐inclusive curriculum could serve to improve health outcomes for adolescents. However, successful implementation of, or changes to, health and nutrition curricula will require support and engagement from partners at all ecological levels.
From oppressive to affirmative: Situating the health and well‐being of LGBTIQ+ people as impacted by systemic and structural transitions in Russia, Turkey, Pakistan, and India
Authors: Ahuwalia Diana Cherian , Singh Purnima , Jami Humaira , Ummak Esra , Osin Evgeny
Published: October 2024

Inequity in health and well‐being is driven by systemic, political, and structural forces that, along with social factors, influence the allocation, access, and impact of health resources across communities based on religion, gender, caste, sexuality, and ability. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer/questioning, and plus (LGBTIQ+) communities, marginalized for subverting cis‐gender norms, face heightened risks of poor health, well‐being, and limited psycho‐social, medical, and legal support. Understanding the challenges and triumphs of LGBTIQ+ individuals navigating oppressive and discriminatory legal, social, and structural forces can significantly contribute to improving their health and well‐being. Additionally, such insights can inform public policy and legal structures to be more inclusive. This paper offers a commentary on the health and psycho‐social well‐being of LGBTIQ+ individuals, focusing on the systemic transitions in Russia, Turkey, Pakistan, and India. The unique, intersectional identities of queer individuals make them particularly vulnerable to stigma and discrimination. While Pakistan has laws to protect transgender rights and India has decriminalized same‐sex behavior, LGBTIQ+ individuals in these countries still face discrimination in housing, careers, and healthcare, similar to the experiences in Turkey and Russia, where no legal protections exist. The paper emphasizes the need to view queer experiences through an intersectional lens, acknowledging that advancements in one area alone may not suffice to transform their experiences from marginalization to inclusion.
‘No es la democracia que míster superman quiere imponernos desde Washington’: An analysis of populist attitudes on democracy from Latin American legislators
Authors: Marenghi Patricia , Montero Mercedes García
Published: October 2024

In studies on Populism, extensive discussion has mounted around whether the phenomenon represents a threat to democracy or a corrective force. In line with this concern, we examine whether the populist attitudes held by legislators are related to their opinions on the functioning of and satisfaction with three central aspects of governance: (I) democracy itself; (II) its institutions; and (III) the separation of powers. Using the ideational approach and survey information collected for the PELA‐USAL database, we first measure the populist attitudes of legislators in 12 Latin American countries. We then test through multivariate analysis two theoretical arguments: (1) that populism is relatively hostile to democracy and its institutions; and (2) that ideological extremism and the situation of the legislator in the government/opposition dynamic serve as moderators (enhancers) of that hostility. The results suggest that the populist attitudes of these legislators are indeed significantly connected to lower levels of trust and satisfaction with democracy and its institutions and that populism in combination with ideological extremism sharpens that critical perspective, while a legislator's affiliation with the ruling party or coalition in government tends to temper it.
MHC Class II Supertypes Affect Survival and Lifetime Reproductive Success in a Migratory Songbird
Authors: Canal David , Roved Jacob , Lara Antonio , Camacho Carlos , Potti Jaime , Santoro Simone
Published: October 2024

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a critical role in the immune response against pathogens. Its high polymorphism is thought to be mainly the consequence of host‐pathogen co‐evolution, but elucidating the mechanism(s) driving MHC evolution remains challenging for natural populations. We investigated the diversity of MHC class II genes in a wild population of pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca and tested its associations with two key components of individual fitness: lifetime reproductive success and survival. Among 180 breeding adults in our study population, we found 182 unique MHC class II exon 2 alleles. The alleles showed a strong signal of positive selection and grouped into nine functional supertypes based on physicochemical properties at the inferred antigen‐binding sites. Three supertypes were found in > 98% of the sampled individuals, indicating that they are nearly fixed in the population. We found no rare supertypes in the population, as all supertypes were present in > 70% of individuals. Three supertypes were related to different components of individual fitness: two were associated with lower offspring production over time, while the third was positively associated with survival. Overall, the substantial allelic and functional diversity and the relationship between specific supertypes and fitness are in accordance with the notion that balancing selection maintains MHC class II diversity in the study population, possibly with fluctuating selection as the underlying mechanism. The absence of rare supertypes in the population suggests that the balancing selection is not driven by rare‐allele advantage.
Building Resilient Communities by Fostering Social Equity in Public Administration: Analyzing the Influence of Social Capital on COVID‐19 Vaccination Rates in Communities With Varying Social Vulnerabilities
Authors: Lofaro Ryan J. , Entress Rebecca , Liu Gao
Published: October 2024

We draw from the Theory of Fundamental Causes to examine social equity and community resilience in public administration. We analyze the effect of social capital and social vulnerability on COVID‐19 vaccination rates in United States' counties, as well as social capital's influence in counties with varying social vulnerabilities. Findings show that bonding social capital and socioeconomic status (SES) vulnerability negatively predict vaccine uptake. Bonding's negative association is most pronounced in counties with minority status and language (MS&L) vulnerabilities, and specifically, Hispanic communities, with its influence disappearing in high SES vulnerability counties and Black communities. Linking social capital increases vaccination rates in Black communities and those with SES vulnerability, but not in Hispanic communities or those with MS&L vulnerabilities. The article highlights the nuances of social connections as a resource to enhance resilience. Variations across communities of color and those with varying social vulnerabilities demonstrate the complexity of social equity.
High diversity of Phytophthora species in natural ecosystems and nurseries of Portugal: Detrimental side effect of plant introductions from the age of discovery to modern globalization
Authors: Horta Jung Marília , Maia Cristiana , Mora‐Sala Beatriz , Abad‐Campos Paloma , Schena Leonardo , Mosca Saveria , Carella Giuseppe , Moricca Salvatore , Nechwatal Jan , Dionísio Lídia , Cravador Alfredo , Jung Thomas
Published: October 2024

Between 2010 and 2015, an extensive survey of Phytophthora diversity was performed across Portugal. Baiting and direct isolation tests obtained 48 Phytophthora taxa in 62 of 70 forest stands (89%) from 148 of 302 rhizosphere soil samples (49%) and 25 of 29 tree species (86%), and from bark cankers of Alnus lusitanica and Fagus sylvatica; from 33 of 34 rivers and forest streams (97%); and in 12 of 13 forest nurseries (92%) from 54 of 87 root ball samples (61%) and 16 of 21 tree species (76%). The 799 Phytophthora isolates belonged to 28 known and three recently described species; one designated and two new non‐hybrid taxa; and five designated and nine new hybrid taxa. The majority, 34 Phytophthora taxa (71%), are introduced aliens in Europe while nine (19%) and five (10%) taxa are of cryptic and native origin, respectively. Phytophthora cinnamomi was the most common species in forests (56%) and forest nurseries (61%). Multiple first records for Portugal and partly Europe of both Phytophthora taxa and tree declines and new host–Phytophthora associations were found. Isolation rates from forest soil differed considerably between declining (65%) and healthy trees (10%), regardless of the tree species. The widespread infestations of nurseries with aggressive wide‐host range pathogens like P. cinnamomi, P. pseudocryptogea, P. ×cambivora, P. multivora and P. plurivora, and host‐specific pathogens like P. alticola, P. quercetorum and P. quercina, will inevitably cause their further spread to the wider environment, exacerbating pathogen threats to forest ecosystems and thus weakening their resilience to climatic extremes.
Modified lateral enucleation technique—Surgery without ligation or clamping of the optic nerve: Technique description, complication rate and risk factors, and intraoperative blood loss estimation in companion animals
Authors: Allgoewer Ingrid , Soukup Petr
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to describe modification of the lateral enucleation technique without ligation or clamping of the optic nerve, document the incidence of complications, estimate intraoperative blood loss and identify possible risk factors for the developments of complications.

Methods

Medical records of dogs, cats, and rabbits undergoing lateral enucleation without clamping of the optic nerve were identified and retrospectively reviewed for post‐operative complications (2000–2022). The significance of possible risk factors for the development of complications, including species, sex, age, eye, surgeon, presumed ocular surface infection, cultures, follow‐up, antibiotics, NSAIDs, complications and diabetes mellitus was examined in a subset of these patients (2019–2022). As a prospective study, intraoperative blood loss was estimated by gravimetric analysis in an additional subset.

Results

Records of 1296 enucleations were retrospectively reviewed and detailed evaluation regarding potential risk factors was performed in 446 enucleations. The overall complication rate and surgical site infection rate was 2.31% and 2.08% respectively. Only Pseudomonas spp. bacterial culture was associated with development of complications. Estimated relative intraoperative blood loss was 2.2% and 4.1% in 43 dogs and 29 cats respectively.

Conclusions

The modified lateral enucleation technique is a safe and fast procedure with minimal risk of postoperative complications in dogs, cats, and rabbits. Based on the anatomy of the orbital vasculature ligation or clamping of the optic nerve and surrounding tissue is contraindicated.
An ecosystem of interconnected technologies to increase efficiencies in blood establishments: The example of the Blood and Tissue Bank of Aragón, Spain
Authors: Pérez Aliaga Ana Isabel , Ayerra Irene , Cardoso Marcia , Puente Fernando , Aranda Alfonso , Domingo José María , Plantagenet‐Whyte Rosa
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives

Blood establishments face environmental, financial, demographic and societal challenges that may impair sustainable blood supply to patients. This study presents the technologies (devices and software) assembled in a global ecosystem implemented by the Blood and Tissue Bank of Aragón (BTBA), Spain, over the last decade to overcome these challenges.

Materials and Methods

Descriptive yearly activity data (2013–2023) of BTBA were retrospectively collected to evaluate the impact of different technologies on blood processing efficiency, focusing on the production of blood components (red blood cell concentrates [RCCs], platelet concentrates [PCs]) and plasma. Operator satisfaction about the technologies introduced in daily routine work was also monitored.

Results

Between 2013 and 2023, the annual production decreased by 16.0% for RCCs and increased by 13.3% for PCs. From 2020, all PCs were treated with pathogen reduction technology, and no inventory stock‐out was reported. The lowest PC expiry rate (0.2%) was observed after the implementation of the software for blood processing and PC stock management. The deployment of this software also improved plasma recovery: on average, an extra plasma volume of 9 mL was collected per donation in 2023 compared to 2015. A survey confirmed staff satisfaction.

Conclusion

The progressive implementation of automated and software‐based solutions was key to increasing efficiencies in BTBA. This enabled the optimization of blood processing by maximizing productivity, enhancing traceability, reducing overproduction and wastage and increasing the yield of recovered plasma, while ensuring blood product safety and staff satisfaction.
Local versus global Lipschitz geometry
Authors: Sampaio José Edson
Published: October 2024

In this article, we prove that for a definable set in an o‐minimal structure with connected link (at 0 or infinity), the inner distance of the link is equivalent to the inner distance of the set restricted to the link. With this result, we obtain several consequences. We present also several relations between the local and the global Lipschitz geometry of singularities. For instance, we prove that two sets in Euclidean spaces, not necessarily definable in an o‐minimal structure, are outer lipeomorphic if and only if their stereographic modifications are outer lipeomorphic if and only if their inversions are outer lipeomorphic.
La fidelidad creadora como testimonio de la esperanza en Gabriel Marcel
Authors: Rodríguez Piñero Andrés Nicolás
Published: October 2024

En el presente artículo se desarrolla la comprensión marceliana de la fidelidad creadora como testimonio concreto de la esperanza, la cual nos permite reconocer la vida humana como vocación al compromiso concreto y a la entrega interpersonal, consumada plenamente en la consagración. De este modo, se pondrá de manifiesto la dinámica auténticamente creadora que subyace en los estratos más profundos de la persona humana, revelándose como una íntima inquietud ontológica que la orienta y anima hacia la trascendencia.
The fastest-growing and most destructive fires in the US (2001 to 2020)
Authors: Balch Jennifer K. , Iglesias Virginia , Mahood Adam L. , Cook Maxwell C. , Amaral Cibele , DeCastro Amy , Leyk Stefan , McIntosh Tyler L. , Nagy R. Chelsea , St. Denis Lise , Tuff Ty , Verleye Erick , Williams A. Park , Kolden Crystal A.
Published: October 2024

The most destructive and deadly wildfires in US history were also fast. Using satellite data, we analyzed the daily growth rates of more than 60,000 fires from 2001 to 2020 across the contiguous US. Nearly half of the ecoregions experienced destructive fast fires that grew more than 1620 hectares in 1 day. These fires accounted for 78% of structures destroyed and 61% of suppression costs ($18.9 billion). From 2001 to 2020, the average peak daily growth rate for these fires more than doubled (+249% relative to 2001) in the Western US. Nearly 3 million structures were within 4 kilometers of a fast fire during this period across the US. Given recent devastating wildfires, understanding fast fires is crucial for improving firefighting strategies and community preparedness.
Predictions of groundwater PFAS occurrence at drinking water supply depths in the United States
Authors: Tokranov Andrea K. , Ransom Katherine M. , Bexfield Laura M. , Lindsey Bruce D. , Watson Elise , Dupuy Danielle I. , Stackelberg Paul E. , Fram Miranda S. , Voss Stefan A. , Kingsbury James A. , Jurgens Bryant C. , Smalling Kelly L. , Bradley Paul M.
Published: October 2024

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), known colloquially as “forever chemicals,” have been associated with adverse human health effects and have contaminated drinking water supplies across the United States owing to their long-term and widespread use. People in the United States may unknowingly be drinking water that contains PFAS because of a lack of systematic analysis, particularly in domestic water supplies. We present an extreme gradient–boosting model for predicting the occurrence of PFAS in groundwater at the depths of drinking water supply for the conterminous United States. Our model results indicate that 71 million to 95 million people in the conterminous United States potentially rely on groundwater with detectable concentrations of PFAS for their drinking water supplies before any treatment.
Hurricane-battered researchers assess damage
Authors: Wilcox Christie , Jacobs Phie
Published: October 2024

Years of recovery lie ahead for the southeastern United States after Helene and Milton
Microstructural Deformation and Fracture of Reduced Activation Ferritic-Martensitic Steel EK-181 under Different Heat Treatment Conditions
Authors: Polekhina N. A. , Litovchenko I. Yu. , Akkuzin S. A. , Spiridonova K. V. , Osipova V. V. , Chernov V. M. , Leontyeva-Smirnova M. V.
Published: October 2024

TEM studies were performed to examine the effect of holding of dispersion-strengthened heat-resistant reduced activation 12% chromium ferritic-martensitic steel EK-181 in static liquid lead for 3000 h at 600°C on the steel microstructure in comparison with the steel after conventional heat treatment by quenching and tempering at 720°C. It was found that the steel microstructure has good thermal stability under the specified experimental conditions. Microstructural deformation of EK-181 steel was studied in the neck region of tensile specimens tested at the temperatures 20, 680, 700, and 720°C with and without holding in liquid lead, and their fracture mechanisms were investigated. As a result of plastic deformation during tensile testing at room temperature, martensite plates and laths near the fracture surface are distorted and fragmented with the formation of new low-angle boundaries, and the dislocation density increases. At the deformation temperatures 680–720°C, nearly equiaxed ferrite grains are formed, the density and size of second-phase particles (M23C6 and MX) increases due to dynamic strain aging, and the dislocation density decreases locally. As the test temperature rises, the degree of martensite tempering increases. At T ≥ 700°C, some dynamic polygonization and dynamic recrystallization are observed. At elevated tension temperatures, ferrite coarsening is more significant in the specimens held in lead as compared to the conventionally treated material. The plastic deformation and fracture behavior of the steel are largely determined by the test temperature, rather than by the treatment mode.
Violation of LGtI inequalities in the light of NO$$\nu $$A and T2K anomaly
Authors: Konwar Lekhashri , Vardani Juhi , Yadav Bhavna
Published: October 2024

The recent anomaly observed in NO$$\nu $$
ν
A and T2K experiments in standard three-flavor neutrino oscillation could potentially signal physics extending beyond the standard model (SM). For the NSI parameters that can accommodate this anomaly, we explore the violation of Leggett–Garg type inequalities (LGtI) within the context of three-flavor neutrino oscillations. Our analysis focuses on LGtI violations in scenarios involving complex NSI with $$\epsilon _{e\mu }$$

ϵ

e
μ

or $$\epsilon _{e\tau }$$

ϵ

e
τ

coupling in long baseline accelerator experiments for normal and inverted mass ordering. LGtI violation is significantly enhanced in normal ordering (NO) for $$\epsilon _{e\tau }$$

ϵ

e
τ

scenario for T2K, NO$$\nu $$
ν
A, and DUNE experiment set-up. We find that for inverted ordering (IO), in the DUNE experimental set-up above 8.5 GeV, the LGtI violation can be an indication of $$\epsilon _{e\tau }$$

ϵ

e
τ

new physics scenario.
Rapid Integration Algorithm for Music Education Information Resources Based on Data Mining
Authors: Shen Xiuli
Published: October 2024

This paper addresses the critical and complex task of integrating music education information resources, highlighting the scattered nature and inefficient utilization of current resources in the field. The significant challenge of effectively consolidating diverse types of music education resources, such as digital audio, scores, and instructional videos, is addressed. We propose a novel algorithm, rooted in data mining techniques, specifically designed for the rapid integration of these resources. Our method involves a systematic approach that begins with standardizing the format of the input data, including audio lengths and image dimensions, to ensure uniformity. We then employ Convolutional Neural Network technology to extract features from audio, images, and videos, harnessing the power of deep learning to handle the multi-modality of the data. The extracted features from these varied sources are integrated into a unified format for subsequent processing. Following the feature extraction and integration, we utilize spectral clustering to categorize the music education resources. This clustering method is particularly effective in dealing with the complexities and nuances of the multi-modal data. Our experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of our algorithm in accurately classifying and integrating diverse music education resources, offering a promising solution to the challenges currently faced in the field.
Design and Research of Random Vibration System for Mine Elevator Bearings Based on Twin Data Drive
Authors: Ding Hui , Mao Jun , Kong Lingren , Zhang Fengying , Ma Jizhao
Published: October 2024

The bearings of common mine hoists currently have problems such as poor reliability and weak stability in practical applications. In the vibration monitoring of mine hoist bearings, the sensitivity and accuracy of sensors directly determine the quality of the vibration signals that can be captured. High sensitivity and high-precision sensors can more accurately reflect small vibration changes in bearings, thereby detecting potential faults earlier. To improve the reliability of the operation of mine hoist bearings, this study proposes a design method for a bearing random vibration system based on a twin data drive. The composition, working principle, experimental scheme, system control process, and key technologies of the mine hoist-bearing random vibration system are analyzed. The results of this study indicate that the system has a simple structure and can collect vibration signals of elevator bearings, effectively monitoring the operating status of elevator bearings. The proposed twin data-driven random vibration system for mine hoist bearings effectively improves the reliability of hoist-bearing operation, providing a new approach for further research on hoist-bearing random vibration systems.
Modeling a holographic inflationary scenario in the framework of f(T,𝒯) gravity
Authors: Salako Ines G. , Hounmenou Samson S. , Monwanou V. A. , Batista C. E. M. , Baffou Etienne , Gbetoho L. D. , Houndjo Stephane
Published: October 2024

In the framework of [Formula: see text] gravity, where T denotes the torsion scalar and [Formula: see text] signifies the energy–momentum tensor’s trace, our study explores the realm of holographic inflation. We employed a holographic potential, incorporating three widely recognized inflationary potentials in cosmological research. Our main objective was to determine the range of parameters that govern the interaction between geometry and matter, which plays a crucial role in describing inflationary phenomena in the universe. By calculating the slow-roll parameters, we were able to forecast critical cosmological quantities, including the scalar spectral index [Formula: see text], the tensor-to-scalar ratio r and the tensor spectral index [Formula: see text], all expressed in terms of the potential’s parameters. When comparing these findings with those derived in teleparallel gravity, which is equivalent to General Relativity (GR), we identified the significant impact of the parameter linking geometry and matter. This influence is thoroughly demonstrated through detailed results in various tables, highlighting its role in [Formula: see text] gravity. Our outcomes underscore the strength of the interaction between geometry and matter while showing considerable alignment with the PLANCK 2018 and WMAP data, thereby reinforcing the reliability and relevance of our conclusions.
A qualitative survey on perception of medical students on the use of large language models for educational purposes
Authors: Mondal Himel , Karri Juhu Kiran Krushna , Ramasubramanian Swaminathan , Mondal Shaikat , Juhi Ayesha , Gupta Pratima
Published: October 2024

The study demonstrates the student’s perspective on the role of large language models (LLM)-based chatbots in medical education. Students’ responses generated three major themes of various usage scenarios, how LLMs can enhance learning, and the ethical considerations in the integration of LLMs into medical curricula. By identifying both the benefits and limitations of LLMs in medical education, the study offers insights for educators and policymakers to navigate the complexities of LLM in educational settings.
Aerodynamic Optimization Design of Duct Body Structure for Coaxial Rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Siliang Du , Yi Zha , Qijun Zhao
Published: October 2024

With the rapid development of vertical takeoff and landing aircraft, urban air traffic has gradually attracted people’s attention. The lift system is a key technology in the composition of vertical takeoff and landing aircraft systems. Due to its compact structure, low noise, safety, and reliability, the ducted lift body has been widely used as a thrust or lift device in aircraft design and has become one of the development directions for future electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft. This article focuses on the aerodynamic optimization design of the main lift duct body components of a coaxial multirotor unmanned aerial vehicle, aiming to improve its power load and wind drag. The specific method is to remove the partial duct structure between the upper and lower coaxial rotors; change the flow characteristics of the flow field around the duct body; then establish a grid model of the duct body suitable for numerical analysis; analyze its aerodynamic characteristics in hovering, axial flow, and oblique flow states; and finally compare the aerodynamic characteristics with the unmodified duct body structure. The numerical simulation results show that the modified duct body has a significant increase in aerodynamic efficiency and a 4.5% increase in power load compared to the unmodified one. In order to further verify the flight performance of the modified ducted body structure of the drone, we designed and produced two ducted coaxial multirotor drones. Compared with the unmodified ducted body structure of the drone, the modified drone structure reduced weight by 800 g and increased flight time by 11.5%. The above methods have proven the effectiveness of optimizing the design of the duct body structure, providing a theoretical basis for the aerodynamic design and optimization of large duct vertical takeoff and landing aircraft.
Ganoderma tuberculosum Liquid Culture With Vineyard Pruning Extracts for Bioactive Composite Production With Antiproliferative Activity
Authors: Angulo-Sanchez Lucia T. , Cruz-Félix María C. , Vidal-Gutiérrez Max , Torres-Moreno Heriberto , Muñoz-Bernal Óscar A. , Álvarez-Parrilla Emilio , Robles-Zepeda Ramón E. , Álvarez-Bajo Osiris , Gutiérrez Aldo , Esqueda Martín
Published: October 2024

Ganoderma species have been studied for their pharmacological approaches, such as anticancer, antitumor, antiproliferative, and antioxidant activity. Elicitors are used to increase Ganoderma bioactive composite production. This study aims to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of ethanolic extracts from mycelium of Ganoderma tuberculosum (G. tuberculosum) grown in a liquid medium with vineyard pruning waste (VPW) extracts as elicitors. Ethanolic and aqueous VPW extracts contain resveratrol dimer 4, resveratrol tetramer 1, and naringenin, while toluene and chloroform extracts contain tetradecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and octadecanoic acid. Polar and nonpolar extracts could be promising elicitors for increasing bioactive molecules. Catechin gallate showed the highest correlation (r = 0.66) with biomass. Mycelial ethanolic extracts of G. tuberculosum (native strain from the Sonoran Desert) and Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) (control) were analyzed by ESI‐IT‐MS, and 27 molecules were identified for the two species. They showed antiproliferative activity against the A549 and C‐33 A cell lines but not for ARPE‐19. G. tuberculosum culture with VPW had quinic acid, ganodermenonol, ganoderic acid I (GA‐I), C2 (GA‐C2), and 20‐hydroxylucidenic acid P, among others. Molecular docking of ganodermenonol, GA‐I, and GA‐C2 demonstrates significant interaction with tumor necrotic factor (TNF‐α). These ethanolic extracts of Ganoderma are promising sources of bioactive triterpenoids. Their antiproliferative activity did not change between species or treatment. Likewise, the G. tuberculosum and G. lucidum extracts only affected cancer cell lines. This property seems promising for pharmacological applications of these fungal extracts.
Hand Compartment Syndrome After Prolonged Robotic‐Assisted Laparoscopic Rectal Resection: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zhang Han Y. , Samudre Susan , Zhang Xiuli , Lui Justin J. , Li Fenghua
Published: October 2024

Hand compartment syndrome is a rare condition due to trauma and vascular obstruction or injury, such as fluid extravasation, vascular obstruction, or arterial injury from arterial line insertion during anesthesia. However, perioperative hand compartment syndrome with no apparent preexisting cause during anesthesia that requires fasciotomy is extremely rare. We report a case on a 54‐year‐old male with history significant for stage IIIA moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the rectum who was scheduled for ultralow rectal resection and cystourethroscopy with insertion of urethral stent. Following surgery, in which he was in a safe‐T‐Secure positioner in a prolonged Trendelenburg position, the patient developed compartment syndrome of the right hand. This case and literature review highlights the risk for hand compartment syndrome when patients have increased Body Mass Index, positioning involves tucking of the arms, and the procedure duration is prolonged.
Development of a Culturally Appropriate Text Messaging Platform for Improving Breast Cancer Screening Uptake Among Ghanaian Women in Metropolitan Areas
Authors: Sefenu Ransford Paul Selasi , Addo-Lartey Adolphina Addoley , Bonful Harriet Affran , Nwameme Adanna , Abagre Timothy Agandah , Awua Adolf Kofi , Agyabeng Kofi , Birimpong Kwabena Oteng , Adu-Aryee Nii Armah , Dedey Florence , Adanu Richard Mawuena Kofi , Okuyemi Kolawole Stephen
Published: October 2024

Objective: Early detection through screening could improve breast cancer (BC) outcomes in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). We explored women’s preferences for BC‐related mobile health text messaging, described the development of a mobile‐health text messaging platform, and examined the enablers and barriers to BC screening.

Methods: A concurrent mixed‐method study of women aged 40–59 years was conducted. Four essential actions were carried out: (i) a baseline survey of 130 women, (ii) five focus group discussions (FGDs), (iii) a stakeholder meeting with BC research and clinical treatment specialists, and (iv) text message pretesting. The survey and FGD findings were used to create a culturally appropriate SMS platform for BC screening.

Results: Thirty‐five text messages were developed and evaluated with the following communication goals in mind: 15 addressed BC awareness, six emphasized the importance of early detection, five alleviated anxieties as a barrier to BC screening, seven encouraged women to prioritize their health, and three indicated screening locations and costs. The majority (92.6%) of survey respondents who had heard of mammography (54/130) said screening was necessary. Fear of the screening procedure, receiving a positive diagnosis, and other testing‐related worries (40.7%) were identified as potential barriers to BC screening, along with low income (18.5%), a lack of BC‐related indicators (9.3%), insufficient breast awareness education (9.3%), and time restrictions (7.4%). The presence of BC‐related symptoms (27.8%), breast awareness education (24.1%), and doctor’s advice (16.7%) were all potential facilitators of BC screening uptake. The majority of FGD participants favored brief texts, with 42.3% preferring one text message per day.

Conclusion: Several factors limit women from accessing BC screening services; nevertheless, specific barriers such as a lack of BC education, time constraints, and disease fears can be successfully targeted through SMS messaging interventions to encourage women to use BC screening programs.
Topology Design of Modular Unit and Cable Network of On‐Orbit Modular‐Assembled Antenna
Authors: Li Huanxiao , Lyu Shengnan , Ma Xiaofei , Lin Kunyang , Zhang Dayu , Zhou Xiaotao , Su Guanlong , Li Yang , Jin Xin
Published: October 2024

With the increasing demands of ultra‐large space antennas, on‐orbit assembly stands out as a promising solution. However, this achievement necessitates the reconfiguration design of the whole antenna structure to maintain structural integrity and stability. In light of this challenge, a novel rapid design method is proposed for the unit configuration of modular‐assembled antennas in this paper. The method utilizes an inscribed regular hexagon, which is positioned within a horizontal topological circle. The hexagon is subsequently projected onto a spinning paraboloid, resulting in the creation of unit nodes that conform to the shape of the paraboloid. The configuration of the unit topology is then determined based on the arrangement of these nodes. By using the method, two units of space‐assembled antennas are designed. The topology design of the cable network is carried out for the modular unit. The pretensions of the cables are calculated. The results of the case study reveal that the developed modular units fulfill the requirements of the on‐orbit‐assembly antenna structure and can solve the engineering application difficulties of this type of antenna.
Effect of 1‐Week Weight Loss While Maintaining Total Body Water on Jump Performance
Authors: Sagayama Hiroyuki , Toguchi Makiko , Yasukata Jun , Tomiga-Takae Rie , Kose Yujiro , Ikenaga Masahiro , Komiyama Takaaki , Ichikawa Mamiko , Lakicevic Nemanja , Higaki Yasuki , Tanaka Hiroaki , Nunome Hiroyuki
Published: October 2024

Jumping performance is influenced by body composition and excess fat mass impairs performance. Maintaining optimal fat mass and fat‐free mass (FFM) is crucial for enhancing jump height. However, there is limited evidence on short‐term weight loss programs that reduce fat mass without water restriction and their effects on muscle function and jumping performance. This study aimed to clarify the effects of a 1‐week weight loss program on jumping height and muscle function of volleyball players. The weight loss group engaged in two 40 min slow‐paced jogging sessions in addition to their daily training routine. Energy intake was restricted without limitations on water intake. Total body water and body composition using the deuterium dilution method, muscle strength, and jump height before and after 1 week were evaluated for those in the weight loss and control groups. Body mass was significantly reduced in the weight loss group (−2.7 ± 1.3%, p < 0.05) with a significant reduction in fat mass (−17.7 ± 10.7%, p < 0.05). Meanwhile, there were no significant changes in total body water or FFM. Muscle strength and power tests indicated no significant differences between the groups; no notable differences were observed in handgrip strength or knee extension torque. The height of a single vertical and continuous jump remained consistent pre‐ and postintervention in the control group. In the weight loss group, although the height of a single vertical jump exhibited a slight decline postintervention, the height of a continuous jump displayed no significant changes. The short‐term weight loss program significantly reduced fat mass without compromising muscle function, which is crucial for sports performance. These findings may benefit other athletes who require fat mass reduction while maintaining muscle function and help create new programs during specific training phases.
A Review on the Neuroprotective Effect of Moringa oleifera
Authors: Worku Beniam , Tolossa Nafyad
Published: October 2024

Moringa oleifera, which is known as a drumstick tree in different areas of the world, is well‐known for many health benefits, which are attributed to the abundance of flavonoids, phenolic chemicals, and thiocyanates it contains. This review focuses on M. oleifera’s potential for neuroprotection, emphasizing its anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and neurotransmitter‐modulating qualities. Different parts of M. oleifera include leaves, roots, bark, and gum. Flowers, seeds, and seed oil are used for many health purposes, most notably in the treatment of neurological diseases. Neurodegeneration, which is characterized by the progressive death of nerve cells, is a major concern with an aging population, leading to disorders such as dementia and movement disorders. M. oleifera bioactive compounds improve the antioxidant defense activities of the brain, reduce inflammation, and improve neurotransmitter levels, showing potential therapeutic applications for neurodegenerative disorders. This review emphasizes the importance of further research, especially clinical trials, to fully understand and utilize M. oleifera’s neuroprotective capabilities.
The Role of FTO Risk Haplotype in Overweight/Obesity and Lipid Parameters‐Results From the Central China Population Study
Authors: Ning Meiwei , Chen Lin , Wang Yuxue , Xu Aohong , Zeng Rong , Zhang Huan , Wang Boda , Liu Xiang
Published: October 2024

Background: Fat mass and obesity‐associated gene (FTO) genes rs9939609 is strongly associated with obesity and rs17817449 is an important and potential gene for obesity, have been well established. We aim to evaluate the relationship between FTO gene and overweight/obesity and confirm the influence of obesity on glucose and lipid metabolism parameters.

Methods: We investigated 183 normal weight subjects and 193 individuals with overweight/obesity. Firstly, the effect of overweight/obesity on glucose and lipid metabolism parameters was analyzed. Then, the FTO genes rs9939609 and rs17817449 were counted to explore whether polymorphisms were associated with overweight/obesity and metabolic parameters.

Results: Significant differences existed in glucose and lipid parameters between the group with overweight/obesity and control group. The rs9939609 and rs17817449 were strongly correlated with overweight/obesity. Haplotype analysis revealed that GA and GT haplotypes had 2.99 and 1.81 fold risk of overweight/obesity. FTO polymorphism also has effects on glucose and lipid metabolism parameters.

Conclusions: There is a linkage imbalance between rs9939609 and rs17817449 in a Central China general population cohort, which also reflected the influence of FTO gene on the risk of overweight/obesity and total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) disorders. The new findings could provide new clues to predict obesity and metabolic diseases.