bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Predicting Malignancy in Musculoskeletal Tumors
Authors: Ali Sadia , Maqsood Saba , Akhtar Sana , Hameed Nazish , Ghaffar Shaima Abdul , Hussain Madeha
Published: August 2021

Background: Tumors of the musculoskeletal system may arise in bone or soft tissues including muscle and cartilage. Because of experimental chemotherapeutic medications and regimens, as well as improvements in imaging and surgical methods, the prognosis of patients with musculoskeletal tumors has increased dramatically. Aim: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in detection of musculoskeletal tumor taking histopathology as gold standard Study Design: It was cross sectional study Setting: Department of Radiology, Mayo Hospital, Lahore Duration: six months i.e. July 2020 to Dec 2020. Methods: After meeting the inclusion criteria 135 cases were enrolled. Informed consent and demographic information was taken from all the patients. All malignancies were confirmed by surgical histology. MRI was performed routinely on 1.5 Tesla and 3 Tesla. Patients were considered as the confirmed cases of tumors on MRI and histopathology as per operational definition. All the collected data was analyzed on SPSS vr 21. Results: In this study the mean age of the patients was 42.59±10.16 years, male to female ratio of the patients was 0.68:1. The mean value of duration of disease of the patients was 2.95±1.42 months. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of MRI for detecting musculoskeletal tumors was 89.23%, 88.57%, & 88.89% respectively taking histopathology as gold standard. Conclusion:This finding concluded that the magnetic resonance imaging is very useful and reliable technique in detection of musculoskeletal tumor with high diagnostic accuracy Keywords: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Musculoskeletal Tumor, Histopathology
Compare frequency of wound infection with ceftriaxone versus amoxicillin in females undergoing C section
Authors: Ilyas Aneeqa , Malik Bilal Rafique , Anwar Rehan
Published: August 2021

Background:Post-caesarean wound infection is a frightful complication of cesarean delivery and increase burden on health care system. Prevention of post-cesarean wound infection must be the priority in any healthcare center in developing countries. Amoxicillin is an antibiotic often used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. Aim: To compare the frequency of wound infection with ceftriaxone versus amoxicillin in females undergoing cesarean section at term Study design: Randomized Controlled Trial Setting & duration: Department of Medicine and Gynecology, SIMS, Lahore from 01-07-2020 to 31-12- 2020. Methods: After fulfilling the selection criteria, 250 females were enrolled and were divided randomly into two equal groups. Group 1 was given intravenous amoxicillin and group 2 was given intravenous ceftriaxone. Then cesarean was done under spinal anesthesia. Post-op wound infection was noted in all the females. The data was analyzed in SPSS. Results: The mean age of the females of amoxicillin group was 28.09±6.01 years whereas the mean age of the ceftriaxone group females was 29.38 ± 6.41 years. The mean gestational age of the females in amoxicillin group was 38.98 ± 0.85 weeks whereas the mean gestational age in ceftriaxone group was 38.94±0.79 weeks. The mean BMI of the females in amoxicillin group was 26.58 ± 6.27 kg/m2 whereas the mean BMI in ceftriaxone group was 29.32±6.36kg/m2. The post-cesarean wound infection was found in 2(1.6%) females in amoxicillin group while in 8(6.4%) females in ceftriaxone group. This difference was statistically insignificant i.e. p-value=0.0.053. Conclusion: The amoxicillin is more effective from prevention of post-op wound infection than to ceftriaxone in females underwent cesarean section. Keywords: Amoxicillin, Ceftriaxone, cesarean section, post-cesarean wound infection
Relationship between alanine and aspartate transaminases (ALT and AST) and fatty liver on ultrasound
Authors: Khan Adeena , Ali Sadia , Haq Muhammad Usman Ul , Sultan Mamoona , Maqsood Saba , Akhtar Sana
Published: August 2021

Background: Non-alcoholic Fatty liver disease, also known as NAFLD is said to result from a number of disorders such as insulin resistance, Obesity & diabetes mellitus possibly as a result of an unhealthy and sedentary life style. The prevalence of NAFLD is stated to be 25.23%, but it ranges between 115 to 45% in Asian countries globally. Plasma aminotransferases (aspartate1aminotransferase [AST] & alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) are increased in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Aim:To find the relationship between alanine and aspartate transaminases (ALT and AST) and fatty liver on ultrasound. Study design & duration: Retrospective Study, September 2017-2018. Settings: Radiology Department of Avicenna Medical College and Hospital, Lahore. Methods: 274 patients present with age of 18 years and above with demographic features as body mass index, grade of fatty liver and also noted ALT, AST and size of fatty liver were included from the study. Grade I was labeled if there was increased hepatic echogenicity but visible periportal & diaphragmatic echogenicity. Grade II was considered if increased hepatic echogenicity causes imperceptible periportal echogenicity, without obscuration of diaphragm. Grade III was considered as marked increase in liver echogenicity with imperceptible periportal echogenicity and diaphragm. The patients were then followed for the Alanine transaminase (ALT) and Aspartate transaminase (AST) Results: In this study The mean age of patients 53.8±11.94. There were 116(42.3%) male and 158(57.6%) females. Majority of patients were of grade II fatty liver 126(45.9%). Grade III fatty liver was found in 110(40.1%) and grade I fatty liver was found in 38(13.8%). hepatomegaly was seen in 153(55.8%) patients. None of the grade I fatty liver patients were found to have raised ALT or AST. Raised ALT was found in 21 patient of grade II and 15 of grade III fatty liver patients. Raised AST was found in 20 of grade II and 7 had grade III fatty liver patients. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study that mean of ALT increased as compare to AST. None of the grade I fatty liver patients were found to have raised ALT or AST. Raised ALT was found in 21 patient of grade II and 15 of grade III fatty liver patients. Keywords: Fatty liver disease, Grade I, II, III, AST, ALT
Spirometric Values of petrol pump workers of Lahore - A cross sectional study
Authors: Aslam Waqas , Ashraf M. Zubair , Saeed M. Saqib , Salman Fariha
Published: August 2021

Background: Petrol pump workers are exposed to air pollution and fumes of petrol and diesel that may lead to poor lung function followed by chronic diseases, where the city is highly polluted. Aim: To determine lung functioning capacity by spirometry among petrol pump workers Methods: A cross sectional study was designed and conducted in the pulmonology department of Mayo, hospital Lahore. Two seventy five (275) subjects were enrolled in the study after fulfilling the inclusion/exclusion criteria and giving informed consent by consecutive sampling. Information like name, age, weight, height, duration of working was recorded. Spirometry was performed to calculate FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC ratio. Data was entered and analyzed by statistical software SPSS version 23. Mean and standard deviation of age, height, weight, and work duration, Spirometric values for lung functions (FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC Ratio) were calculated. Data was divided into groups by age and work duration and spirometric values for lung functions were compared in these groups. T test & Pearson correlation was used for analysis and p value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Participant age was 28.75±6.89.FEV1 was2.35±0.44, FVC 3.18±0.66 and FVC 74.91+9.40. FEV1 & FEV1/FVC ratio were significantly different (p<0.05) in age groups(<30, ≥30) & work duration groups(<8, ≥8yeras). Negative Correlation was found between work duration & lung functions (FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio). Conclusion: Spirometric values were lower in petrol pump workers. Age and working duration further affects lung function of petrol pump workers. Keywords: FVC, FEV1, Spirometer, Petrol Pump Workers, Pulmonology
Investigation of Knowledge and Practices Managing Traumatic dental injuries among dental Professionals
Authors: Zaidi S. Akbar Abbas , Harjani P. Rani , Arshad M. Mubeen , Zaidi S. Z. Abbas , Kumar Rajesh , Hotchandani S. Suresh
Published: August 2021

Background: The rise in prevalence and complications associated with dental traumatic injuries among Pakistani population is considered a topic of discussion at International Association of Dental Traumatology nowadays. Understanding the multifactorial etiology, therapeutic techniques and choosing management approaches are vital to dental traumatic injuries. Aim: To assess the knowledge, qualification and practices followed by dental professionals from a tertiary healthcare centers based in Sindh Pakistan. Methodology: The study population of this cross-sectional descriptive study comprised of dental care providers attending the seminar on World Oral Health Day at Bibi Aseefa Dental College, Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of two parts; demographic and knowledge about management of trauma was administered to participants on 20 March 2021. The detailed demographic details of research participants were collected and further analyzed by using SPSS 20 and MS Office 2010 tools. Results: Out of total 134 participants, 40(29.9%) were males while, 94(70.1%) were females with mean age of 24.314.088. Among them 45(33.6%) were undergraduate dental students; in them 4(8.9%) were in 1st year dental students, 17(37.8%) in 2nd year, 10(22.2%) in 3rd year and 14(31.1%) were in final year of their undergraduate studies. 31(23.1%) were house officers, 19(14.2%) were post graduate residents and 39(29.1%) were general dental practitioners (GDP). Conclusion: Lack of qualified dental experts with post-residency trainings dealing dental traumatic complexity in Sindh Pakistan is considered a major underlying associated with heightened case rates of pediatric dental injuries. Keywords: tooth injuries, Dentists, Restorative, Pediatric
Clinical Outcome of Class II direct composite restorations using total-Cetch versus selective etch adhesives
Authors: Sultan Dilawar , Arif Zuhair , Arshad Essa , Mushtaq Saba , Khalid Kinza , Ahmad Maheen
Published: August 2021

Background: The composite restoration of anterior is always a challenging job. Aim: To compare the clinical outcome of class 2 direct composite restorations using total-etch and selective etch adhesives, according to USPHS criteria. Methods: One hundred patients were included in this randomized controlled clinical trial study at Operative Dentistry department of LMDC, Lahore. They were divided in two groups. Group 1 for total etch technique, group 2 for selective etch technique enamel was etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 20 second and then washed thoroughly with water for 5-10 seconds and was dried with air for 5 seconds till frosty white and bond with self etch. Results: The majority of patients were in the age range of 25-31 years, 25 (50%) patients used total etch technique and 22 (44%) patients used selected etch technique. When compare the overall rating for restorations, 38 patients (76%) have acceptable restoration in total etch technique and 46 patients (92%) in selected etch technique. Statistically the difference was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Selected etch technique presented a successful clinical performance over total etch technique for Class II restorations. Keywords: Class II direct composition restoration, Total etch technique, Selected etch technique.
Attitude of Final Year Students Dental Specialty, Subject Preference & Factors Influencing Their Decision
Authors: E Haider , S Hassan , R Mehmood , J Dayar , A Mahmmod , F Ali , H Khan
Published: August 2021

Aim: To find whether final year dental students want to do post- graduation and factors that governs their decision for specialization. Method: A cross-sectional survey was carried out on final year dental student with the help of a questionnaire. Results: The results showed that 40.8% of the students want to specialize in maxilla-facial surgery followed by orthodontics by 12.4%. 37.2% of the students want to specialize for internal satisfaction. 41. 6% student thought doing specialization would be too much time consuming. Conclusion: It was concluded that orthodontics is the second preference for specialization as subject and the most common reason for specialization was talent in the field. The most discouraging factor was specialization is too much time consuming. Keywords: Attitude, dental specialty, specialization
Relationship of dental anxiety and pain during inferior alveolar nerve block
Authors: Ahmad Shakeel , Sana Usman , Haseeb Muhammad , Niazi Iffat Umair , Khan Zubair Ahmed , Yousaf Omer
Published: August 2021

Aim: To understand impact of pre-operative anxiety during inferior alveolar nerve block based on pain perception. Methods: Data of 299 dental patients who collected. These patient were treated for restorative need in the Dental Section of Islam Dental College, Sialkot. Modified. Dental. Anxiety. Scale. (MDAS) was used to assess the patient’s anxiety levels.. Visual. analog. scale. was used to document the pain perceived of inferior alveolar nerve block. Results.: Anxiety and pain showed a statistically significant correlation-ship. Our findings were suggestive of increased pain associated with anxiety. Conclusion.: Assessment of anxiety levels prior to performing painful procedures can pro-actively benefit the patient and the operator. Yes, advanced methods of pain control are available but they need to be implicated judiciously. Assessing patient’s anxiety and then providing dental care will help improve dental care. Keywords.: Local anaesthesia (LA), Inferior alveolar nerve block IANB, dental anxiety
Assessing the level of Happiness among dental students of Pakistan: Web-based study
Authors: Alam Beenish Fatima , Hussain Talib , Tauqir Saman , Ali Saqib , Najmi Arqam , Bajwa Sikandar Javed
Published: August 2021

Background: Dental students in Pakistan suffer greatly from unusual distress and are unable to maintain happiness from the start of first year to final year. They are deprived from maintaining their mental wellbeing and happiness. There is lack of evidence Oxford happiness inventory (OHI) evaluation among the students. Aim: To detect the level of happiness in dental students from different professional years. Methods: A cross-sectional study in Bahria University Medical and Dental College was carried out. Dental students were enrolled from first year to final year using purposive sampling method. Results: This study included females 209, and 55 males. Majority of students (48.5%) belonged to 18-20 years age group followed by 21-22. About 50% students were from 1st year BDS, followed by 2nd year (28%). Question assessing happiness of students, 30.9% male students and 35.4% female’s students moderately agreed. Conclusion: The study concludes that overall dental students had an average level of happiness. It is necessary that all the dental educationists in any institution should work with close association to psychologists, there shall be different student services provided and student supporting groups shall be encouraged. Keywords: Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, happiness, well-being, students,
Dental Anxiety Measurement of Children in Abbottabad Using Audio Visual System
Authors: Hussain Talib , Bajwa Sikandar Javed , Ghani Salvan , Alam Beenish , Khan Malik Arshman , Durrani Adil
Published: August 2021

Aim: To measure the anxiety and fear in children while visiting dentist and to observe effectiveness of audiovisual assistance to overcome anxiety Study design: Qualitative study Place and duration of study the study is done in Rehmat Memorial Hospital Abbottabad department of operative dentistry, affiliated with Women Medical and Dental College Abbottabad, from December 2014 to February 2017. Methods: Total two hundred children were observed aged between 5-8 years at Rehmat Memorial Hospital Abbottabad under controlled conditions showing cartoons on TV screen by using wireless headphones. There were two main groups divided into the controlled group and uncontrolled group containing one hundred participants in each group. Each patient's pulse rate, heart rate was recorded and live pulse rate was in sight by using wristband with pulse rate detector. Venham's picture test was used to check the correct reaction of the patient for the assessment of degree of anxiety more realistically. Results Controlled group n=100 and uncontrolled group n=100 patient aged 5-8 years treated for various procedures in different appointments. With mean age 6-7 years, Male to female ration of participants in controlled group was 34% and 66% and in uncontrolled group male and female ration was 45% and 55%. Significant reduction in anxiety was noted in controlled group distracted by audio visual stories and rhymes. Conclusion: Both groups were statistically evaluated and the result showed that audiovisual distraction can decrease the anxiety level in the controlled group but couldn't eliminate completely. This issue needs more studies and experiments to resolve anxiety in children completely. Keywords: Dental anxiety, Venham’s picture test, child behaviour
Class I Composite Restorations Using Total-Etch Versus Selective Etch Adhesives
Authors: Arif Zuhair , Sultan Dilawar , Khalid Kinza , Maroof Ayesha , Haider Syed Ali , Arshad Essa
Published: August 2021

Background: Total etch versus selected etch adhesives can either be used. Aim: To compare the clinical outcome of class 1 composite restorations using total-etch and selective etch adhesives. Methods: 50 patients of class I restorations were included in this study. They were divided in two groups i.e. Group 1 for total etch technique, while Group 2 for selective etch technique. Results: The mean ages in total etch technique were 27.72±5.26 years and 27.52±5.56 years in selected etch technique. There were 20 males (40%) and 30 females (60%) in total etch technique with male while in selected etch technique, 22 males (44%) and 28 females (56%). Selected etch technique was found to be more successful in clinical performance for Class I filling restorations (P<0.05). Conclusion: Selected etch technique was found to be more successful in clinical performance for Class I filling restorations. Keywords: Class I direct composition restoration, Etching.
Increased Serum Inflammatory Markers have worsened Clinical Outcomes and Mortality in Sars-Cov-2 Infection Irrespective of High or Low Serum Viral Load
Authors: Asgher Zahid , Ahmad Saed Aftab , Mohydin Mahnoor , Babar Hira , Zaidi Wali , Asghar Adil , Mughal Zunairah , Asharf Sobia
Published: August 2021

Aim: To determine the viral load in the patients admitted in Covid-19 isolation and its correlation with the inflammatory markers and the following clinical outcome. Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted in the Pathology Department of Doctors Hospital and Medical Centre in Lahore, Pakistan from November 2020 to January 2021. IRB approval was granted. A total of 86 patients met the inclusion criteria for the study. Data was analyzed using research tool SPSS 24. Results: Increased serum viral load in SARS-CoV-2 infection showed positive correlation with inflammatory markers IL-6 (P =0.04) and D-dimer (P =0.029). Inflammatory markers LDH, Ferritin, Procalcitonin, D-Dimers and viral load itself (CT) all correlated with higher mortality while IL-6 did not. Conclusion: Serum viral load in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 correlates with higher mortality rates itself and also raises certain inflammatory markers (IL-6, D-Dimers), which are independently accountable for causing higher mortality as well. Hence, increased inflammatory markers resulted in poor prognosis regardless of high or low viral load. Their correlation with mortality can still serve as prognostic indicators. Keywords: viral load, inflammatory markers, Covid-19, mortality
Restoration of Cerebellar Gray Matter Thickness by Methylcobalamin (6 Weeks Study)
Authors: Ahmed Aftab , Kohari Tazeen , Naqvi Qanbar Abbas , Zeeshan Rana Muhammad , Irshad Faiza , Malik Zafar Iqbal
Published: August 2021

Background: Methylcobalamin is essential vitamin required for DNA synthesis during cell division therefore maintain the architecture of nervous tissue distorted by soft metals such as Lithium Carbonate. Accurate documentation of the thickness cerebellar cortical thickness was required in subjects who were injected with methylcobalamin distorted by Lithium Carbonate. Aim: To provide data of cerebellar gray matter thickness distorted by Lithium Carbonate by the anti-oxidant effect of methylcobalamin. Methods: Fifteen albino rats were maintained on food and diet in Animal House of the Basic Medical Sciences Institute, JPMC Karachi for a period of 6 weeks. Results: The results obtained of the thickness of cerebellar gray matter distorted by Lithium Carbonate was restored by methylcobalamin in our study. Conclusion: To observe the neuroprotective effect of B12 on distorted cerebellar cortex treated by Lithium Carbonate. Keywords: Methylcobalamin, Lithium Carbonate, Gray Matter, Cerebellum
La educación digital como herramienta contra la desinformación sobre COVID-19 en las ciudades MIL: un estudio piloto de UNICEF y CDC en el Sudan del Sur
Authors: Pastorino A.
Published: August 2021

This paper presents social science research conducted by UNICEF and CDC in South Sudan to respond to the COVID­19 outbreak; it shows how digital education of young social mobilizers may reduce the diffusion of misperceptions about health, by increasing the level of trust of the community towards health authorities in the context of MIL Cities. The qualitative methodology was finalized to collect data on health during a pilot study carried out in the counties of Yei, Juba, Kajo­ Keji and Morobo from April to June 2020. Therefore, this was a pilot study in areas characterized by digital divide, which demonstrates the importance of MIL cities with regards to the indicator of health. The paper presents a qualitative analysis of the different misperceptions about COVID­19, by focusing on the following factors: existence of COVID­19; its propagation, signs, symptoms and risk of mortality, its prevention, its artificial, natural or supernatural sources, its treatments. Training young social mobilisers was a key element in collecting data from local communities and for implementing a near­real time reporting mechanism to quickly respond to misperceptions with regards to the ongoing epidemics.
1 Los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades, en ingles CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), son una agencia del Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los Estados Unidos. Sus objetivos son la prevención y el control de las enfermedades. https://www.cdc.gov/Spanish/acercaCDC/index.html
2 La primera parte de este capitulo se ha escrito junto con los miembros de el equipo de Comunicación por el desarrollo y con la supervisión de la unidad de ciencias comportamentales de los CDC de Atlanta.
3 Después de este nombramiento entre marzo y septiembre de 2020, Agnese es miembro del Panel de Revisión Externa de Educación No Puede Esperar, UNICEF New York, USA por el ano 2020­2021.
UTILIZATION OF BREADFRUIT AS GLUTEN-FREE FLOUR PRODUCT
Authors: Magbalot-Fernandez Alminda , Basu Saikat Kumar , Perera Hewage , Madar Losan , Palomar Lutgarda
Published: August 2021

Along with recent health challenges, there is a need to develop more convenient, nutritious, ready-to-eat and tasty breadfruit products to increase available food source and minimize postharvest losses. Hence, this study was conducted at the Food Technology laboratory of the University of the South Pacific, Alafua campus to evaluate healthy product innovations from indigenous crops of the Pacific Island Countries which include breadfruit. The different gluten-free breadfruit flour products developed at the Food Technology laboratory, University of the South Pacific, Alafua campus, Apia, Samoa were breadfruit cookies, breadfruit cake and breadfruit polvoron (powdered candy). The breadfruit flour was analyzed for proximate contents and its products were tested for acceptability of taste using a nine hedonic rating scale. Proximate analysis of the breadfruit flour revealed a higher protein (6.56%), ash (4.78%) and crude fat (1.84%) but lower DM (85.29%) and crude fibre (4.10%) contents than fresh crushed breadfruit. Sensory tests revealed that thirteen percent (13%) of the 30 panels disliked (<5) the breadfruit cookies and polvoron (powdered candy) while eighty-seven percent (87%) rated the products as acceptable (<5) based on a nine-point hedonic rating scale. Moreover, seventeen percent (17%) disliked (<5) the breadfruit cake and eighty-three percent (83%) liked (>5) the product based on a ninepoint hedonic rating scale. These showed that these gluten-free breadfruit flour products are nutritious and tasty with
great potential for commercialization.
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN MARKET SAMPLES OF VEGETABLES
Authors: Prasad Jitendra , Kumari Pammi
Published: August 2021

The presence of pesticide residues in food commodities has always been a matter of serious concern. Farmers apply pesticides repeatedly to ward off the pest and pick the vegetables at short intervals. The samples of vegetables were collected from market in three blocks of Samastipur district purposively as per multistage random sampling design to monitor the residues in market vegetables. GC-MS analysis was applied for evaluation of pesticide residues in the sample. The data obtained so far showed that out of 50 samples of vegetable analyzed 24 (48%) were contaminated with different pesticides and 3 samples (6%) samples contained residues above MRL. The overall pesticide occurrence was in
the order as Endosulphan > Quinalphos > Dimethoate > Chlorpyriphos > α-HCH > δ-HCH > β-HCH. Pesticide contamination was higher in cabbage than cauliflower.
TOXIC EFFECT OF CHLORPYRIFOS PESTICIDES ON THE BEHAVIOUR AND SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY OF HETEROPNETUES FOSSILIS (BLOCH)
Authors: Prakash Sadguru
Published: August 2021

The present investigation has been designed to study the effect of sublethal concentrations of Chlorpyrifos on the behavior and serum biomolecules of Heteropnetues fossilis (Bloch) after exposure to 96 hours. The present study shows that behavioural alterations such as alternation in opercular movements, surfacing, swimming, jumping, and mucous secretion. Serum biomolecules such as glucose, protein, triglyceride, cholesterol and urea were significantly increased in Chlorpyrifos exposed fish. The response of the fish towards toxicity of chlorpyrifos was grossly dependent on concentration and length of exposure. Thus, this paper gives an overview of the manipulation of fish, Heteropnetues fossilis as a biomarker of pesticides through alternation in behavior and biochemical parameters.
IMPACT OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON IN VITRO GROWTH OF BANANA (MUSA SPP) CULTURED: A REVIEW
Authors: Priyanka Katkam
Published: August 2021

Banana is important fruit crop in horticulture where it propagates through suckers which takes immense time for production and with low multiplication rate, to overcome these type of situation some protocols have been made such as the micro propagation where the tissue culture of banana is applied with help of plant growth regulators such as auxins and cytokinins are used at different concentration to attain the definite good results till now many studies had been done in the tissue culture of banana. In the present study it was observed that the explants cultured in MS medium containing 4 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l IAA had highest number of shoot buds and number of shoots. Similar result was studied by Muhammad et al. (2007) where the highest multiplication ratio was observed at 4 mg/l BAP
along with 1 mg/l IAA. Habiba et al. (2002) and Ahmed et al. (2014) reported that 4 mg/l BAP in combination with 2 mg/l IAA shown remarkable results.
JAMUN AN UNDER-EXPLOITED INDIGENOUS FRUIT TREE OF INDIA: A REVIEW
Authors: Tomar RS , Pal Ranjit , Singh Prabha , Tiwari Sushma , Solanke Amolkumar U. , Tasleem Mohd , Singh Ashutosh , Pandey Pratibha , Pandey AK
Published: August 2021

Jamun (Eugenia jambolana or Syzygium cuminii Skeels) is an important, large, evergreen beautiful tree of the myrtaceae family. Jamun is commonly known as java plum, black plum, jambul and Indian blackberry. It is widely consumed as fresh fruit which has considerable good nutritive value. It has high therapeutic and pharmacological
properties because of constituent like tannins, alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, fattyacids, phenols, minerals, carbohydrates and vitamins. The tests on animals have proved for hypoglycaemic, diuretics, analgesic, antiinflammatory, antiplaque, antimicrobial, antidiarrhoel, antioxidant, gastro-protective and astringency. However, the pharmacological trials using seeds of Syzygium cuminii have been reported in the previous studies but other parts of the tree also have good potential which need to be explored. Jamun fruit is good source of iron along with minerals, sugars and other phytochemicals. The fruits have sub-acid spicy flavour and commonly used as dessert. Apart from eating as fresh, it can also be used for the preparation of delicious beverages, jelly, jam, squash, wine, vinegar and pickles.
WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT UNDER ENCROACHMENT AREA OF SARISKA TIGER RESERVE: A FUTURE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Kumar Pavan , Dobriyal Manmohan , Pandey A. K. , Rani Meenu
Published: August 2021

Wild tigers experience unparalleled coercion due to habitat destruction, prey reduction and commercial poaching. The Indian tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) one of the world's most endangered carnivore species, and is now thought to be in the verge of extinction in the wild. Sariska National Park in India is considered to be a highly suitable habitat for the tigers. Relocation and change in habitat of these living giant creatures is a thought of study for their survival and existence in the coming future considering change in climatic conditions. But the main problem for the tigers in the new habitat will be poaching and the human-wildlife conflicts. Integrated geospatial techniques provide accurate, cost-effective as well as time-effective method for habitat evaluation. The aim of the study is current status followed by opportunities and challenges. The results point out a large and comprehensive research on each of these issues, in particular on the community involvement in wildlife management and government policies.
IMPACT OF DIFFERENT CHEMICALS ON THE POST HARVEST QUALITY OF PEAR (Pyrus Spp L.) FRUIT: A REVIEW
Authors: Sharma Kunal
Published: August 2021

Pear (Pyrus Spp L.) is one of the most harvested temperate fruit crop right after Apple. Pear belongs to the family Rosaceae along with some best known temperate tree fruits. Pear being one of the popular temperate fruit but is having a short storable life under room temperature conditions. The capability of being able to manage keeping quality of the stored fruit is must during the post harvest storage of the crops along with being able to increase the storable life of those fruits. Various post harvest technology are being used to sustain the fruit's keeping quality and also to increase those fruits storable time period. Being a crop prone to decay, diseases such as fungal diseases (mould) and short shelf
life different researcher has recommended the use of different chemicals to preserve the quality as well as increase the storage lifetime of the fruits. Chemical such as Calcium have been proven to be effective in this post harvest management of fruits by having effects on the physiochemical fruits.
CURRENT STATUS OF TRANSGENIC COTTON-UTILITY OF GENOTYPE INDEPENDENT IN PLANTA APPROACHES FOR THE GENERATION OF TRANSGENICS
Authors: Karthik Kesiraju
Published: August 2021

Cotton (Gossypium spp.), is a mercantile crop plant is grown for its fluffy fiber and cotton seed oil in around 70 countries worldwide. Cotton is an economically important crop, shows erratic productivity under rain feed conditions; it is bogged down with many biotic and abiotic stresses. Due to lack of resistant germplasm, crop improvement through conventional breeding practices has been lagging. Genetic engineering offers numerous protocols to engineer plants to overcome stress. Biotechnological intervention for cotton improvement has begun three decades ago. The recalcitrance of
cotton to tissue culture has been the major constraint for in vitro regeneration. Alternate methods that evade tissue culture regeneration steps have thus been envisaged. Till date there are very few standardized protocols that can be employed to develop transgenics in a genotype independent manner. Thus, genotype independent in planta transformation strategies have gained momentum in the present days, but reproducibility of reported protocols remains an amigna in many cases. In planta transformations holds prominence due to viability and ease in generation of transgenic cotton plants with in less time. This review focuses on grouping efforts made by different research groups in this senior. Several reports and standardizations have been focused that reports development of transgenic cotton.
SCIATICA (IRQ-UN-NASA) IN MODERN AND UNANI PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Yaqoob Mohd. , Shamsi Yasmeen , Akhtar Md. Wasi , Azam Roohi , Jain Abhinav
Published: August 2021

Sciatica is a type of neuropathic pain and commonest variation of low back pain. It is known by a range of terms in the literature, such as lumbo sacral radicular syndrome, radiculopathy, nerve root pain and nerve root entrapment or irritation etc. The intense leg pain may be accompanied by neurological changes of muscle weakness and wasting, sensory changes in the nerve root distribution. There may be intra-spinal, intra-pelvic and extra-pelvic causes compressing the nerve and producing inflammation.
In Unani medicine the term “Irq-un-Nasa” is used to describe such pain that initiates from lower back and radiates up 4,5 to knee or ankle joint posterolaterally. Most of the Unani scholars have mentioned it as a subtype of Wajaul Mafasil.
The most common cause is the infiltration (nufooz) of abnormal homours in the fluid of hip joint, such as Ghair tabayi Balgham, Safra or Dam or admixture of Balgham and Safra, such infiltration for a prolonged period result into Tahajjur-e-Mafasil and even Irq-un-Nasa. Whenever the nerve becomes weak due to any reason the susceptibility for
the accumulation of any morbid matter is increased. There may be sue mizaj damwi/ safravi/ balghami/ saudawi as active cause of Irq-un-Nasa. By now it is understood that this is the disease of nerve, and it is diagnosed and managed accordingly.
THE CONCEPT OF NIQRIS (GOUT) AND ITS MANAGEMENT WITH THE HELP OF REGIMENAL THERAPY: A REVIEW
Authors: Khan Nida Umer , Farooqui Akhtar Husain , Mahfooz Ahmad , Khan Zakir , Khan Tausif S. , Baig Ayesha Salim
Published: August 2021

Gout is one of the oldest known diseases and described in Unani system of medicine under the term Niqras.Niqris (gout) is a type of Waja' al-Mafasil(arthritis) which is characterized by recurrent attack of acute pain and swelling primarily affecting one joint usually the metatarsal joint of big toe and small joints of hand and feet. It is a commonest joint pain creating problems in day to day life of various people of the world. In Modern drugs used for subsiding acute attacks or lowering serum uric acid are associated with potent adverse effects. Moreover, these commonly used therapeutic agents often, and for various reasons, do not achieve the desired lowering of serum urate levels to below 6.0 mg/dl. The objective of present study was to ascertain the Unani concept described in Unani classical literatures regarding various causes, symptoms and management of this common arthritic disorder by Renowned Unani
Physicians with an aim to spread the knowledge for preventive measures, home remedies, regimenal therapy to get relief from the disease and the management of gout by Unani compound formulations, which are not only easily available but also have no side effect on human body. In this regard, we may conclude that spread of knowledge of
enormous effective Unani components and general principles of treatment, which are being used by Unani physicians since ancient times, shall be extremely effective in the management of this musculo skeletal disorder.
TIRYAQ-E-ARBA (A POLY HERBAL UNANI FORMULATION) IN FIGHTING AGAINST COVID 19 LIKE CONDITIONS – UNANI PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Khan Nafisa Qibriya , Farooqui A. H. , Fatima Syed Ayesha , Ahmad Jalil , Khan Tausif S.
Published: August 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease of modern time with unique and rapid transmission rate and affected almost all the nations without respecting any border. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is arguably the biggest health crisis the world has faced in 21st century. It is an infectious disease and declared pandemic by the World Health Organization. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, which originated in Wuhan, China, has now spread to 192 countries and administrative regions infecting nearly 800,000 individuals of all ages as of 31 March 2020. Though most infected individuals exhibit mild symptoms including fever, upper respiratory tract
symptoms, shortness of breath, and diarrhoea, or are asymptomatic altogether, severe cases of infection can lead to pneumonia, multiple organ failure, and death. Globally, at least 7900 deaths have been directly attributed to COVID19, and this number is expected to rise with the ongoing epidemic. This is particularly crucial as the current outbreak involves a new pathogen (SARS-CoV-2), on which limited knowledge exists of its infectivity and clinical profile. Research is in progress on therapeutic efficacy of various agents including anti-malarials (Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine), antiviral drugs, and convalescent serum of recovered patients. Unani system of medicine is
one of the traditional systems of medicine which is being explored for providing preventive, supportive and rehabilitative care to patients. Unani system of medicine has a detailed description of drugs that are utilized in many infectious diseases, including respiratory infections. Immune response is essential to eliminate virus and to preclude
disease progression to severe stages. Therefore, it is important to summarize the evidence regarding the preventive measures, control options such as immune-stimulator and prophylactic treatment in Unani medicine against Covid19. This review summarizes various pharmacological actions of Unani formulation Tiryaq-e-Arba in Unani literature and various reported pharmacological activities which can possibly provide prevention, control and reduction of complications of this deadly disease.
AN OVERVIEW OF THE GLOBAL OUTBREAK OF CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19) INCLUDING THE ROLE OF VITAMIN D AND BEST POSSIBLE MANAGEMENT IN THE LIGHT OF UNANI MEDICINES : A REVIEW
Authors: Khan Rabia , Shamsi Yasmeen , Ansari Khursheed Ahmed , Amreen Amreen , Fatima Araf , Praveen Nuzhat , Alvi Mehvish
Published: August 2021

Objective: The aim of this review was to assess the roles of vitamin D in reducing the risk of respiratory tract infections, knowledge about the epidemiology of influenza and COVID-19, and how vitamin D supplementation might be a useful measure to reduce risk and also to outline the research progress and literature available of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients information regarding the ongoing pandemic.Unani medicines can play significant role as adjuvent therapy to control the adverse effect of COVID-19 and can also act asa a best Immunomodulator.
Methods: Aliterature search was conducted using the databases PubMed, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science. We described overall possible association between COVID-19 and Vitamin D. We have searched by the names corona virus, covid-19 and vitamin D association with COVID-19.
Result: Through several mechanisms, vitamin D can reduce the risk of infections by lowering viral rates of replication and also reducing concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines that are responsible for the inflammation and injuries in the pleura.
Conclusion: It was additionally observed that COVID-19 and vitamin D have a crude substantial relationship and specifically the mortality induced through this infection. The most susceptible crew of the populace for COVID-19, the getting old population, is additionally the one that has the most deficit Vitamin D levels.
ROLE OF UNANI MEDICINE IN THE PREVENTION OF CORONAVIRUS DISEASE-2019 (COVID-19): A REVIEW AND RESEARCH PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Shamsi Yasmeen , Rahman Rais Ur , Akhtar Md. Wasi
Published: August 2021

In December 2019 some patients with symptoms very much similar to SARS and MERS emerged in Wuhan city of China. In January 2020 a new type of coronavirus was isolated and name as 2019-nCoV, which later termed 'SARSCoV-2'. WHO declared the Covid-19 outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, and on March 11, the epidemic was upgraded to the pandemic. As on 02.04.2020, 827,419 confirmed cases are officially reported in more than 200 countries or territories with 40,777 deaths. The history of epidemiology typically starts with 'Hippocrates' in about 400 BC; he in his valuable book, Of the Epidemics introduced several concepts of epidemiology. In Unani Classical texts, both epidemics and pandemics have been described under a common term 'Waba'. Unani medicine have described Nazla Haar by the name of Nazla-e-Wabaiya (epidemic influenza) which is characterized by body ache, sore throat, nasal irritation, burning sensation in eyes sneezing & cough, and fever. Unexplained general weakness is an early feature of Nazla-e-Wabaiya and the disease is often complicated by
pneumonia and pleurisy, therefore, Nazla-e-Wabaiya (Nazla Haar) is very much similar to that of Covid-19. In such conditions Ibn Sina advised that houses should be sanitized daily by spraying different arqiyat, he recommended the use of Bukhoor(incense) of some anti-infective drugs. Zakariya Razi has prescribed several aromatic Unani drugs for prevention of Waba. For prophylaxis of epidemic diseases, Unani scholars also prescribed several drugs to augment the immunity (Quwwat-e-Mudabbira Badan). There is a long list of drugs suggested by Unani scholars to be used in different ways to combat epidemic and pandemic situations that need to be validated on current scientific parameters.
AN EFFICACY OF ZANJABEEL (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ROSCOE) IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DYSLIPIDEMIA/ HYPERLIPIDAEMIA: A REVIEW
Authors: Farooqui Akhtar Husain , Khan Sharik , Ahmad Furqan , Khan Tausif S.
Published: August 2021

The tradition of home treatment is found in all cultures throughout the world whether in developed or developing countries. Few herbal drugs commonly appear in the home us e as a medicine. One such drug is Zanjabeel, it is the rhizome of Zingiber officinale Rosc. It is a popular spice that was used as an important medicine by ancient Unani
physicians. It is a very important drug of house hold medicine kit used mainly as antiflatulant, digestive, anti-cough and other indications mentioned in traditional Unani text. Beside its traditional uses its new indications are as an, antemetic, hypocholesterolaemic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, cardioprotective etc. Unani medicine has provided lot of information regarding this drug. Fresh look on the indications of Zanjabeel is needed in the light of current research performed on it and further scope of research can also be explored with the help of traditional knowledge exist in
Unani medicine. This review is an attempt in this direction, so that Zanjabeel can become more beneficial to ailing people and particularly in contemporary lifestyle diseases which is an emerging concern. In Unani System of Medicine, many drugs (single drugs as well compound formulations) are used for the purpose of reducing body
weight and treating the obesity (Muhazzil). Indian gooseberry (amla) & ginger (Zanjabeel) are among these medicines. Since these drugs are useful in obesity, these can also be proved beneficial in lowering increased concentration of plasma lipids or treating hyperlipidaemia. Their efficacy has also been proved pharmacologically
and these are documented as good hypolipidaemic as well as antioxidant natural agents. The combination of drugs was found to be significant in lowering the level of serum total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, serum LDLcholesterol, serum VLDL-cholesterol and in increasing the level of serum HDL-cholesterol in patients of primary
dyslipidaemia/hyperlipidaemia.
EXPOSURE TO VEHICULAR POLLUTION AND RESPIRATORY IMPAIRMENT IN TRAFFIC POLICE MEN OF PUNE CITY A REVIEW
Authors: Siddique Qureshi Mohammed , Ahmed Salim , Qumqamuddin Farooqui Mohammed
Published: August 2021

The phenomenon called pollution is an inescapable consequence of the presence of man and his activities. In Unani Medicine, the concept of Air pollution is known as Fizai Aaloodgi. The Air is said to be Alooda [polluted] when it is mixed with Dukhan [smoke] or Gubar [dusty haze]. This Dukhan or Gubar is originated from different sources. In
urban areas mobile or vehicular pollution is predominant and significantly contributes to air quality problems. Road traffic produce volatile organic compounds, suspended particular matters, which makes adverse health effects on the exposed population. The aim of this study was respiratory impairment in traffic policemen by vehicular pollution and the effect on their respiratory health status using various objectives test and a questionnaire. After the analysis of collection of date it is found that there is a significant difference between Group I (Traffic Police) and Group II non traffic police. In these criteria related to respiratory treatment such as respiratory rate recurrent headache, attack of
Asthma, attack of cough, running nose and watery eyes.
KASNI (CICHORIUM INTYBUS L.): A REVIEW ON MEDICINAL UTILITY IN PERSPECTIVE OF UNANI MEDICINE
Authors: Kalam Mohd Afsahul , Majeed Bazila , Yaqoob Aieman , Ghani Riehana , Rahman Shafiqur
Published: August 2021

Kasni (Cichorium intybus L.) or Chicory is a perennial herb of the dandelion family, (Asteraceae), usually with bright blue flowers, rarely white or pink which is used widely in Unani System of Medicine. It is an erect and procumbent herb that attains about 40-80cm hight. There are two main varieties of Kasni one issweet and second is wild. The most popular variety of Kasni used for medicinal purposes is Cichorium intybus L. Different parts of the herb are used for medicinal purposes like leaves, seeds and root. It is well known for the resolvent action of internal organs and especially for its hepatoprotective and nephroprotective properties, regarding the hepatoprotective activity, chicory extract reduces the levels of hepatic enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. It contains dietary fiber Inulin which is useful in treating diabetes and constipation. Besides
inulin it contains other chemical constituents like sesquiterpene lactones, coumarins, citric and tartaric acids, lactic, acetic, palmitic, pyruvic acid etc. Its leaves contain vitamin B2 and C, root contains series of glucofructosans. The main actions which are attributed to chicory are deobstruent, diuretic, blood purifier, antipyretic and antiinflammatory as mentioned in Unani medicine. It is recommended in the treatment of jaundice, gastritis, ascites, arthritis, asthma and many other disorders, either alone or in compound form. This review gives knowledge on distribution, morphology, phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects along with its therapeutic uses in perspective of Unani System of Medicine.