bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the efficacy, safety and postoperative quality of life between modified side overlap anastomosis and double-tract anastomosis after laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy
Authors: Wu Chu-Ying , Zhong Wen-Jin , Ye Kai
Published: April 2024

Purpose

To compare the surgical safety and postoperative quality of life (QOL) between side overlap anastomosis (SOA) and double-tract anastomosis (DTA) after laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy (LPG).

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 43 patients with proximal gastric cancer (PGC) who underwent LPG and were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University between August 2020 and December 2022 were in. Their clinical and follow-up data were collected. The patients were divided into the modified SOA (mSOA) (n = 20) and DTA (n = 23) groups based on the anastomosis methods used. The main outcome measures included the QOL of patients 1 year after surgery, and the evaluation criteria were based on the postgastrectomy syndrome assessment scale. Secondary outcome measures included intraoperative and postoperative conditions, postoperative long-term complications and nutritional status 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery.

Results

No significant differences were observed in intraoperative and postoperative conditions (P > 0.05) between the mSOA and DTA groups. The mSOA group showed a decreased incidence of reflux esophagitis 1 year after surgery compared with the DTA group (P < 0.05), and no statistically significant differences were noticed between the two groups in terms of other postoperative complications (P > 0.05). The mSOA group showed better QOL when compared with the DTA group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were recorded in postoperative nutritional status between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

The efficacy and safety of LPG with mSOA for PGC were comparable. When compared with the DTA group, the mSOA group seems to show reduced incidence of gastroesophageal reflux and improved QOL, which makes mSOA one of the ideal surgical methods for PGC.
Propensity-score matched outcomes of resection of stage IV primary colon cancer with and without simultaneous resection of liver metastases
Authors: Emile Sameh Hany , Horesh Nir , Garoufalia Zoe , Gefen Rachel , Zhou Peige , Wexner Steven D.
Published: April 2024

There is controversy in the best management of colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CLM). This study aimed to compare short-term and survival outcomes of simultaneous resection of CLM and primary colon cancer compared to resection of only colon cancer. This retrospective matched cohort study included patients from the National Cancer Database (2015–2019) with stage IV colon adenocarcinoma and synchronous liver metastases who underwent colectomy. Patients were divided into two groups: colectomy-only (resection of primary colon cancer only) and colectomy-plus (simultaneous resection of primary colon cancer and liver metastases). The groups were matched using the propensity score method. The primary outcome was short-term mortality and readmission. Secondary outcomes were conversion, hospital stay, surgical margins, and overall survival. 4082 (37.6%) of 10,862 patients underwent simultaneous resection of primary colon cancer and liver metastases. After matching, 2038 patients were included in each group. There were no significant differences between the groups in 30-days mortality (3.1% vs 3.8%, p = 0.301), 90-days (6.6% vs 7.7%, p = 0.205) mortality, 30-days unplanned readmission (7.2% vs 5.3%, p = 0.020), or conversion to open surgery (15.5% vs. 13.8%, p = 0.298). Patients in the colectomy plus group had a higher rate of lower incidence of positive surgical margins (13.2% vs. 17.2%, p = 0.001) and longer overall survival (median: 41.5 vs 28.4 months, p < 0.001). Synchronous resection of CLM did not increase the rates of short-term mortality, readmission, conversion from minimally invasive to open surgery, or hospital stay and was associated with a lower incidence of positive surgical margins.
K-flatness in Grothendieck categories: application to quasi-coherent sheaves
Authors: Estrada Sergio , Gillespie James , Odabaşi Sinem
Published: April 2024

Let $$(\mathcal {G},\otimes )$$

(
G
,
⊗
)

be any closed symmetric monoidal Grothendieck category. We show that K-flat covers exist universally in the category of chain complexes and that the Verdier quotient of $$K(\mathcal {G})$$

K
(
G
)

by the K-flat complexes is always a well generated triangulated category. Under the further assumption that $$\mathcal {G}$$
G
has a set of $$\otimes$$
⊗
-flat generators we can show more: (i) The category is in recollement with the $$\otimes$$
⊗
-pure derived category and the usual derived category, and (ii) The usual derived category is the homotopy category of a cofibrantly generated and monoidal model structure whose cofibrant objects are precisely the K-flat complexes. We also give a condition guaranteeing that the right orthogonal to K-flat is precisely the acyclic complexes of $$\otimes$$
⊗
-pure injectives. We show this condition holds for quasi-coherent sheaves over a quasi-compact and semiseparated scheme.
Stochastic uncertain lubrication in gear transmission subjected to tribodynamic loading
Authors: Chen Zhou , Sha Haiming , Li Sheng , Tong Zheming , Tong Shuiguang
Published: April 2024

A stochastic uncertain tribodynamic model is established for a spur gear pair for the first time. The stochastic uncertainty of pinion rotation speed propagated to lubrication performance is investigated. The probability density function of the minimum lubricant film thickness hmin evolves over time periodically at interval of an engagement process. Correspondence between abrupt increase in meshing force and amplification of hmin uncertainty is found. Robust and reliable lubrication performance can be achieved by suppressing the hmin uncertainty and decreasing the lubrication failure probability. This can be done by increasing lubricant viscosity, and decreasing input torque and uncertainty level of input rotation speed. This work lays a solid foundation for robust and reliability based optimization for tribodynamic gear system.
Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit‑/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) am Arbeitsplatz
Authors: Stockreiter D. , Reuss F. , Holzgreve F. , Germann U. , Oremek G. , Ohlendorf D. , Wanke E. M.
Published: April 2024

Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit‑/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) betrifft etwa 3,4 % der erwachsenen Bevölkerung. Es handelt sich hierbei um eine psychische Erkrankung, die durch die Kernsymptome Unaufmerksamkeit, Hyperaktivität und Impulsivität gekennzeichnet ist. Die Beeinträchtigung wirkt sich auf mehrere Lebensbereiche aus und spielt insofern auch bei der Bewältigung des Arbeitsalltags eine wichtige Rolle. Darüber hinaus sind psychische Erkrankungen in der Gesellschaft mit verschiedenen Stigmata verbunden. So erleben auch Menschen mit einer ADHS-Erkrankung eine Stigmatisierung, die sich beispielsweise am Arbeitsplatz bemerkbar macht. Um den Arbeitsalltag positiv zu gestalten, gibt es Handlungsempfehlungen für Betroffene und Vorgesetzte. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Erkrankung, die damit verbundenen Herausforderungen sowie Lösungsansätze für den Umgang am Arbeitsplatz.
Influence of Shallow Foundations on the Response of Steel Wind Towers
Authors: Campione Giuseppe
Published: April 2024

The objective of this study, concerning the soil–structure interaction of shallow reinforced concrete foundations of wind towers with circular cross-sections, was determination in a closed form of the monotonic moment–rotation curve of the soil–foundation complex. This study was based on elastic and plastic analyses of shallow rigid foundations assuming a Winkler soil type including the flexibility of the foundation in the elastic range and the nature of the soil (cohesive and non-cohesive types) through corrective factors of the constant of the Winkler model. The flexibility of the foundations influences the moment–rotation response through the initial rotational stiffness with a coefficient between 1 and 0.7 for a width-to-span ratio between 5 and 2. The nature of the soil is considered through corrective factors of 0.75 and 1.3 of the Winkler constant for cohesive and non-cohesive soil, respectively. Analyses carried out stressed that a possible design valued to be adopted in a steel wind tower with shallow foundations is a diameter of the steel tube 1/15 of the height of the tower, a diameter of foundation 0.75 of the length, and a depth of foundation 1/10 of the diameter and thickness of steel tower ratio diameter equal to 1/10. In this range it was observed that the effects of the soil-to-foundation interaction in the elastic range influences the critical length in the stability of the steel wind tower, with values between 2.5 and 2 (column fixed at the base) in a range of Winkler constant between 0.1 and 1 daN/cm3. Finally, an experimental validation of the proposed model was carried out with the data available from the literature.
Influence of Film Thickness on Nanofabrication of Graphene Oxide
Authors: Tang Chuan , Chen Lei , Qian Linmao
Published: April 2024

Nanofabrication of two-dimensional materials through mechanical machining is normally influenced by not only process parameters such as load and velocity but also intrinsic properties such as strength and thickness. Herein, we examined the effects of graphene oxide (GO) film thickness on nanofabrication on the plane surfaces and at the step edges using scanning probe microscope lithography. The material removal of GO initiates at the load above a critical value, which strongly depends on film thickness and locations. With the increase in film thickness, the critical load decreases monotonically on the plane surfaces but increases gradually at the step edges. Further, the critical load for the GO monolayer at the step edges is at least 25 times lower than that on the plane surfaces, and the gap decreases to around 3 times when GO thickness increases to four layers. Then, mechanical nanofabrication initiating from the GO step edge allows producing various nanopatterns under extremely low loads around 1 nN. Finally, the GO nanostructures are deoxidized by annealing at 800 °C in high-purity argon to restore their highly functionalized conjugated structures, which are supported by X-ray diffraction and Raman characterizations. This work provides a novel approach to fabricating graphene-like nanostructures by deoxidizing GO after nanofabrication, which holds significant potential for applications in graphene-based devices.

Graphical Abstract
Towards Greener Recycling: Direct Repair of Cathode Materials in Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Jiahui , Zhou Xia , Yu Wenhao , Shang Zhen , Xu Shengming
Published: April 2024

The explosive growth and widespread applications of lithium-ion batteries in energy storage, transportation and portable devices have raised significant concerns about the availability of raw materials. The quantity of spent lithium-ion batteries increases as more and more electronic devices depend on them, increasing the risk of environmental pollution. Recycling valuable metals in these used batteries is an efficient strategy to solve the shortage of raw materials and reduce environmental pollution risks. Pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy and direct repair have been extensively studied to achieve these goals. The latter is considered an ideal recycling method (for lithium-ion cathode materials) due to its low cost, energy consumption, short duration and environmental friendliness, and it is nondestructive towards the cathode material itself. However, the direct repair is still in its earlier development stages, and a series of challenges must be tackled to succeed in commerce. This work summarizes the process, its effect and the mechanism of different direct repair methods. Moreover, the energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, costs and benefits of different methods will be discussed from economic and environmental perspectives. Feasible strategies are also proposed to address existing challenges, providing an insightful overview of the direct reparation of spent lithium-ion cathode materials.

Graphical Abstract
Improving the efficiency of isolated-footing resting on loose sand soil using grout diaphragm walls: an experimental and numerical study
Authors: Hakeem Beshoy Maher
Published: April 2024

In light of rising loads from several sources, including additional stories, eccentric loads, and increased live loads, foundations often face increased demands. To address this, horizontal reinforcements are now commonly positioned beneath footings to enhance the bearing capacity of the loose-dense sand subgrade. By grouting on both sides of the footing, not only can vertical settlement be minimized, but also the soil movement in the horizontal direction under the chosen loaded footing can be reduced. The objective of this study is to conduct extensive experimental work on twenty-one (21) soil models to assess the efficiency of a circular footing resting on granular soil injected with grout diaphragm walls. Specifically, this study investigated the bearing capacity of granular soil in relation to the breadth (b) and length (L) of grouted walls. The results showed that, installing grouted wall injection on both sides of the existing footing is an excellent method to improve the bearing capacity of the subgrade layer. To check the validity of the chosen computational processes, both PLAXIS (3D) software and a 2D Finite Element Program GeoStudio 2018 were used. The findings indicate a direct correlation with the experimental observations in that the reinforcement has a considerable effect on the bearing capacity of a circular-footing resting on granular soil.
Circular Economy Strategies in Densification and Refurbishment of Residential Buildings – State of Application and Future Directions
Authors: de Souza Rocha Fernanda Andreia , Reitberger Roland , Staudt Johannes , Lang Werner
Published: April 2024

The fast population and economic growth put tremendous pressure on the planet’s resources. In this context, the building sector is recognized as one of the most significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions and the use of raw materials. The Circular Economy (CE) is expected to contribute to a reduction of waste landfills, extraction of raw materials, and greenhouse gas emissions. This study aims to understand to what degree and how CE strategies can be applied to the refurbishment and densification of residential buildings. Using a qualitative approach, this study examines the application of CE strategies in the building sector through five semi-structured expert interviews. The literature identifies five CE principles for buildings: building in layers, designing-out waste, designing for adaptability and flexibility, designing for disassembly, and selecting materials. From the interviews, designing-out waste was the most common approach for refurbishment and densification of residential buildings. Nevertheless, the implementation of CE strategies within the building sector is still limited and challenging due to various barriers and little encouragement. More stimuli from governments through regulations and guidelines, increased collaboration between stakeholders, and technological advancements are expected to reduce the obstacles to implementing CE strategies in refurbishment and densification.
Rosmarinus officinalis Linn.: unveiling its multifaceted nature in nutrition, diverse applications, and advanced extraction methods
Authors: Meziane Hanae , Zraibi Linda , Albusayr Reem , Bitari Abdelhamid , Oussaid Abdelouhad , Hammouti Belkheir , Touzani Rachid
Published: April 2024

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. or Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.) is an aromatic herb renowned for its culinary, medicinal, and industrial significance. This review offers a multifaceted exploration of rosemary, delving into its nutritional composition, traditional culinary applications, and historical uses in traditional medicine. The review extends to cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications, elucidating rosemary’s role as a natural preservative and its integration into cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical formulations. Extraction methods, both classical and contemporary, are critically examined, with an emphasis on recent sustainable approaches and their impact on bioactive compounds. This work concludes with a forward-looking perspective, discussing innovative extraction techniques, advanced technologies, and the potential commercial viability of rosemary-related industries. This comprehensive review serves as a valuable resource, offering insights into the diverse dimensions of rosemary, from traditional applications to cutting-edge advancements in extraction science.
Advanced floodplain mapping: HEC-RAS and ArcGIS pro application on Swat River
Authors: Ullah Muhammad Ihsan , Qureshi Komal Sahab , Rauf Ateeq ur , Shah Liaqat Ali
Published: April 2024

Floods stand out as one of the most devastating environmental threats worldwide resulting in the tragic loss of human lives and significant damage to our essential infrastructure. This study focuses on creating floodplain maps for the two important reaches of Swat River in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan, namely, Kalam–Khwazakhela and Khwazakhela–Chakdara reaches. The Advanced Land Observing Satellite Phased Array Type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (ALOS PALSAR) 12.5 m Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data has been used for this purpose. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the flood model was assessed for the Flood 2022 event, considering simulated flood depth, extent, and velocity in relation to various terrains derived from the 12.5-m ALOS PALSAR data. To estimate extreme flows for different return periods (2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years), the Log Normal (LN), Log Pearson III (LP3), and Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distributions were employed for the frequency analysis. The GEV distribution turned out to be the best fit for modeling the Swat River for both the Chakdara and Khwazakhela gauge stations. To predict flood levels for the peak floods identified through frequency analysis and for the specific return periods the Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) 2D simulations were performed. Subsequently the outcomes of this model were used to create floodplain maps using Geographic Information System Professional (ArcGIS Pro) software customized for various return periods. The analysis revealed a linear increase in flood inundation area with longer return periods. The floodplain maps developed hold significant importance for the governing authorities of the Swat region. These maps serve as essential tools for implementing proactive measures against potential infrastructure damage, thereby protecting against economic losses and enhancing public safety. This research effectively combines hydrological modeling and geospatial technology offering practical solutions for managing flood risks. It serves as a valuable guide for making well-informed decisions and promoting sustainable development in flood-prone areas.
Imag(in)e nature: imaging energetic footprint of urban environments through multispectral data acquisition
Authors: Balzar Mark , Balzar Zeynep Aksöz , Asan Galo Moncayo
Published: April 2024

The Vibrant Fields project endeavors to construct novel representational tectonics of urbanization, aiming to comprehend the materiality of forms and the genesis of multispectral relations within complex information systems governing the interplay of atmospheric and embodied energy cycles in the biosphere. This project asserts that any perceivable condition of nature arises from dynamic processes that transcend human sensory perception.

Inspired by theoretical biology, the project models the urban environment as a systemic entity characterized by modularity, representing the biosphere's dynamic interplay of chemical and physical elements engaged in information exchange within ecological systems, influenced by technology, geography, and atmospheric conditions.

Vibrant Fields utilizes layers of observation systems to translate the complex biosphere into dimensionally reduced data streams. It introduces complementary devices, bridging the gap between global and local data to better understand microclimatic phenomena.

The project observes the simultaneous realities and temporalities of urban field information within its ecological context. It investigates the architecture, technology, flora, and fauna of cities in relation to their geographic, geological, and ecological conditions, analyzing multiple temporal historical and geological scales.
Economic Diplomacy and Home State Responsibility for Human Rights Abuses Involving Extractive Industries Abroad: The Case of Canada
Authors: Szablowski David
Published: April 2024

The debate over home state responsibility for human rights has focused on how home states might use accountability mechanisms to promote respect for human rights among their businesses abroad. However, a set of activists and researchers have opened a new front on the question of home state responsibility by focusing on the activities of Canadian diplomats providing advice and consular services to extractive firms abroad. This work documents how home states can be directly implicated in business and human rights controversies and how home state diplomats can put human rights defenders at increased risk. This paper outlines the growing body of research on the hidden influence of Canadian economic diplomacy in human rights controversies, suggesting a troubling disregard for corporate social responsibility and human rights concerns in these contexts, and making the case for robust accountability mechanisms to influence the conduct of both corporate actors and diplomatic officials.
Fermenting knits: A material-driven exploration of knit-based bacterial cellulose biocomposite textile materials through fibre reassembly
Authors: De Lara Carolina
Published: April 2024

Environmental concerns surrounding textile production have increased the need and interest in developing material innovations and interdisciplinary approaches to offset this ecological impact. Bacterial cellulose is present in several industries, and its biologically produced form has shown potential use within fashion. Within the emerging field of biodesign, research surrounding bacterial cellulose textiles generally focuses on the initial sheeted growth, while alternative outputs and working methods remain scarce. Here, fibre reassembly is analysed by fully integrating broken down BC fibres with knitted structures. Material selection and working methods take a practice-led approach to experiment formulation in order to observe material behaviour as central to development. This project aims to create biocomposite textiles that enhance the properties of bacterial cellulose and expand its designable characteristics through low-tech working methods accessible from designerly backgrounds. The results are intended to inform further research in footwear design contexts, as basis to develop BC-based components. Experimentation shows BC fibres reassembled around the knitted structures, varying according to yarn choice and fermenting environment alteration. This demonstrates potential for material and methodology development while exploring co-design with living organisms. In the context of future applications, BC-based composite textiles can self-assemble at different growth stages, offering the possibility of material-driven approaches to spaces intersecting biology and design.
487 Digital Spatial Profiling of Allograft Loss in Kidney Biopsies with Chronic Allograft Dysfunction
Authors: Dorr Casey R. , Guan W Weihua , Onyeaghala G Guillaume , Oetting William S , Mannon Roslyn B , Agarwal Gaurav , Maltzman Jonathan , Matas Arthur , Jacobson Pamala A , Israni Ajay K ,   for DeKAF Genomics
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Assess molecular and cellular mechanisms of allograft loss in kidney biopsies using digital spatial profiling and clinical outcomes data. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Patients with chronic allograft dysfunction (CGD), enrolled in the Deterioration of Kidney Allograft Function (DeKAF) study, with or without eventual allograft loss, were included. CGD was defined as a >25% increase in creatinine over 3 months relative to a baseline. Kidney biopsy tissue was assessed by Nanostring GeoMX digital spatial profiling (DSP) after staining with anti-pan-cytokeratin, anti-CD45, anti-CD68, Syto-13, to identify specific cell populations, and Nanostring’s Whole Transcriptome Atlas (WTA), to quantify the distribution of transcripts across the biopsy. Up to 14 regions of interest (ROIs) were selected, with or without glomerulus. CIBERSORT was used to perform cell deconvolution. Clinical and outcomes data were from the DeKAF study and United States Renal Data System. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Macrophage (M1) cell population abundance was significantly different in ROIs with glomerulus between graft loss and no graft loss. Principle component analysis of differentially expressed genes resulted in transcriptomes in ROIs that cluster together by clinical outcome of graft loss or no graft loss. There were 203 DEGs in ROIs with glomerulus that were different by graft loss or no graft loss. By pathway analysis, these 203 DEGS were enriched in the T-cell activation, integrin signaling and inflammation pathways. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: DSP of kidney allograft biopsies allows for the identification and quantification of specific cell types, such as macrophages and molecular transcripts as potential drug targets. This data can be used to understand mechanisms of kidney allograft loss and may lead to improved immune suppression in kidney transplant recipients.
499 Physiological and Metabolomic Effects of a Community-Based Cardiorenal Protective Diet Intervention in African Americans with Chronic Kidney Disease and Hypertension
Authors: Patel Meera J. , Wang Xuan , Scott Baylor ,   White Health Teodoro Bottiglieri, Baylor Scott & White Health Heather Kitzman
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) impacts 15% of US adults and African American (AA) persons are disproportionately affected with more than 3 times higher risk of kidney failure when compared to Caucasian persons. This study evaluated the physiological and metabolomic effects of increased fruits and vegetables (F&V) on cardio-renal risk factors. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This pilot trial used a prospective, 2-group, randomized study design to evaluate a F&V intervention (N=46), where participants received a prescribed amount of fresh, base-producing F&V compared to a wait-list control (WL) condition (N=45). All participants were African American adults (≥18 years), had self-reported hypertension, and had CKD (Stage 1-3) on screening spot-urine microalbumin test. Participants were measured at baseline and 6 weeks post-intervention. Clinical data (i.e., systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lipid panel, hemoglobin A1C, BMI [body mass index], and albumin to creatinine ratio) were collected. Targeted metabolomic quantitative analysis was performed followed by LC-MS/MS and FIA-MS/MS. Linear mixed models evaluated analyte expression and clinical data. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: AA participants (N=91) were aged 58 ± 10.2 years, 66% female, and 54% had incomes ≤$50,000. T-tests compared change scores (baseline to 6-weeks) between groups. The F&V group demonstrated a significant reduction in BMI of -4.7 ± 10.5 kg/m² compared to a 1.9 ± 8.3 kg/m² increase in the WL group, p<.01. Further, the F&V group demonstrated a reduction in total cholesterol of -15.4 ± 58.8 mg/dL compared to a 17.7 ± 68.8 mg/dL increase in the WL group, p<.05. Non-significant reductions in hemoglobin A1c were found in the F&V versus the WL group. Metabolomic analysis indicated significant variation with an increase of suggestive key biomarkers for worse CKD in the WL versus F&V groups at 6-weeks. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Consumption of only 2 cups of F&V via a community-based intervention reduced CVD risk factors in AA adults with CKD and HTN and resulted in molecular/biochemical changes which may improve long-term kidney health. Further investigation may lead to development of cost-effective dietary intervention models to improve CKD outcomes in AA persons.
Deviating from the Norm? The Pregnant Body in Scandinavian Health Law
Authors: Ó Cathaoir Katharina
Published: April 2024

This article explores how the political ideal of data interacts with the legal entitlement of autonomy in the care of pregnant people guided by feminist theory and critical approaches to data. Using Scandinavian legislation and administrative practice, it analyses how the presence or absence of data, namely scientific evidence, interacts with pregnant people’s legal autonomy in healthcare. Data –particularly scientific evidence - is shown as something that is not neutral but open to interpretation and misappropriation. First, administrative complaints illustrate that not only a lack of scientific studies on pregnant people but also patriarchal attitudes have implications for care. Second, Scandinavian legislation authorizes the involuntary detention of pregnant drug users despite an absence of evidence supporting such drastic actions. Third, complaints bodies are found to frame injury to pregnant bodies as a natural consequence of birth, despite clear evidence as to the duties of healthcare professionals in preventing harm. A relational approach that sees the pregnant body and fetus as integrated though quintessentially unequal is needed. Evidence is not the only answer; an approach that recognizes the dignity of pregnant people must be central. This requires eliminating coercion, recognizing the pregnant patient as the decision maker in healthcare choices and prizing the birthing patient’s voice as a valuable data source.
Balancing Interests: Criminal Proceedings & Private Life Interference Under Martial Law in Ukraine
Authors: Babikov Oleksandr , Bozhyk Valerii , Bugera Olena I. , Kyrenko Serhii H. , Viunyk Maksym
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the Article is to analyze and compare certain aspects which define the limits of permissible interference with a person's private life in the legislation of Ukraine and other countries of the world in terms of ensuring the balance of interests of participants in criminal proceedings during covert measures to obtain information related to interference with a person’s private life. The Article uses general scientific and special research methods, in particular comparative legal, scientific categories, definitions and approaches, formal dogmatic (legal), dialectical. On the basis of the conducted research, generalized conclusions were made regarding general trends in the field of reforming the legal regulation of special measures for covertly obtaining information, and ways of their improvement. The forms and methods of departmental, judicial, and public control over the covert activities of law enforcement agencies have been determined separately, and the influence of terrorist threats and military actions on ensuring the balance of interests of participants in criminal proceedings has been investigated. According to the results of the research, ways of solving problematic issues of the regulation of criminal procedural legislation have been determined in order to ensure the balance of the interests of the participants in criminal proceedings during the organization, conduct, recording, storage, and use of the results of covert information-gathering activities. A comparative analysis of the ways of solving a number of legal regulation issues in the field of the use of informal forms of obtaining information, the determination of different approaches to the separation of departmental, judicial, and public control is being carried out for the first time and will provide a comprehensive and systematic approach to the improvement of legislation in the specified field in the conditions of martial law or during anti-terrorist activities.
Scale-by-scale non-equilibrium with Kolmogorov-like scalings in non-homogeneous stationary turbulence
Authors: Beaumard P. , Bragança P. , Cuvier C. , Steiros K. , Vassilicos J.C.
Published: April 2024

An improved version of the non-equilibrium theory of non-homogeneous turbulence of Chen & Vassilicos (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 938, 2022, A7) predicts that an intermediate range of length scales exists where the interscale turbulence transfer rate, the two-point interspace turbulence transport rate and the two-point pressure gradient velocity correlation term in the two-point small-scale turbulent energy equation are all proportional to the turbulence dissipation rate and independent of length scale. Particle image velocimetry measurements in a field of view under the turbulence-generating impellers in a baffled water tank support these predictions and show that the measured small-scale turbulence is significantly non-homogeneous. The particle image velocimetry measurements also suggest that the rate with which large scales lose energy to the small scales in the two-point large-scale turbulent energy equation also appears to be approximately proportional to the turbulence dissipation rate and independent of length scale in the same intermediate range and that this rate may not balance the interscale turbulence transfer rate in the two-point small-scale turbulent energy equation because of turbulent energy transport caused by the non-homogeneity.
Mode coupling between two different interfaces of a gas layer subject to a shock
Authors: Chen Chenren , Wang He , Zhai Zhigang , Luo Xisheng
Published: April 2024

Shock-tube experiments and theoretical studies have been performed to highlight mode-coupling in an air–SF

$_6$

–air fluid layer. Initially, the two interfaces of the layer are designed as single mode with different basic modes. It is found that as the two perturbed interfaces become closer, interface coupling induces a different mode from the basic mode on each interface. Then mode coupling further generates new modes. Based on the linear model (Jacobs et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 295, 1995, pp. 23–42), a modified model is established by considering the different accelerations of two interfaces and the waves’ effects in the layer, and provides good predictions to the linear growth rates of the basic modes and the modes generated by interface coupling. It is observed that interface coupling behaves differently to the nonlinear growth of the basic modes, which can be characterized generally by the existing or modified nonlinear model. Moreover, a new modal model is established to quantify the mode-coupling effect in the layer. The mode-coupling effect on the amplitude growth is negligible for the basic modes, but is significant for the interface-coupling modes when the initial wavenumber of one interface is twice the wavenumber of the other interface. Finally, amplitude freeze-out of the second single-mode interface is achieved theoretically and experimentally through interface coupling. These findings may be helpful for designing the target in inertial confinement fusion to suppress the hydrodynamic instabilities.
Unconditional convergence of eigenfunction expansions for abstract and elliptic operators
Authors: Mikhailets Vladimir , Murach Aleksandr
Published: April 2024

We study the most general class of eigenfunction expansions for abstract normal operators with pure point spectrum in a complex Hilbert space. We find sufficient conditions for such expansions to be unconditionally convergent in spaces with two norms and also estimate the degree of this convergence. Our result essentially generalizes and complements the known theorems of Krein and of Krasnosel'skiĭ and Pustyl'nik. We apply it to normal elliptic pseudodifferential operators on compact boundaryless

$C^{\infty }$

-manifolds. We find generic conditions for eigenfunction expansions induced by such operators to converge unconditionally in the Sobolev spaces

$W^{\ell }_{p}$

with

$p>2$

or in the spaces

$C^{\ell }$

(specifically, for the

$p$

-th mean or uniform convergence on the manifold). These conditions are sufficient and necessary for the indicated convergence on Sobolev or Hörmander function classes and are given in terms of parameters characterizing these classes. We also find estimates for the degree of the convergence on such function classes. These results are new even for differential operators on the circle and for multiple Fourier series.
Imagined Musical Geographies in a Global Age: Views from Jodhpur, Istanbul and Buenos Aires, c. 1870–1930
Authors: Olley Jacob
Published: April 2024

This collection of papers explores the intellectual history of music in global context during the period between around 1870 and 1930. Following an introduction that discusses the state of the field, each of the three papers presents a case study that explores the intersection between music and global history from diverse perspectives. The first paper discusses a Hindi music treatise published in 1896. By situating this work within multiple ‘significant geographies’, the paper highlights the limitations of ‘global’ approaches that neglect the more immediate musical, social and intellectual environments of their subjects. The second paper analyses the intersection between music and Islamic modernism in the late Ottoman Empire. It argues that a Eurocentric understanding of music history propagated by earlier reformists was succeeded at the end of the nineteenth century by an oppositional narrative that drew on the geopolitical imaginary of pan-Islamism. The final paper discusses the work of the Argentine composer Alberto Williams, particularly in relation to his views on race and national music. The paper demonstrates how contemporary scientific theories such as positivism and Social Darwinism contributed to a narrative of national musical development that created hierarchies of musical genres and excluded Argentine composers of African descent.
ON TRUSTS, HYPOCRISY AND CONSCIENCE
Authors: Samet Irit
Published: April 2024

In this paper, I suggest that taking seriously the way in which the trust is founded on a duty of conscience has far-reaching ramifications for the appropriate attitude towards new forms of trusts that are designed to allow people to enjoy the benefits of ownership without incurring the duties that come with it. The morally freighted concept of conscience that lies at the heart of trust law means that every claim against trustees invokes a demand that the trustee abide by the requirements of their conscience. The conditions on the right to blame others for a moral wrongdoing, and the relationship between blaming and suing in the context of trust law, lead to the conclusion that, in novel forms of trust that are geared towards the creation of a morally bankrupt “orphan property”, beneficiaries do not have moral standing to sue the trustee for a breach of trust.
Current state and prospects of teaching-learning processes in music teacher education in Spain: a literature review
Authors: Casanova Oscar , Jorquera-Jaramillo M. Cecilia , Serrano Rosa M.
Published: April 2024

The teaching-learning process, both in general and in the specialty of Music Education, has evolved and its explanatory models have become increasingly complex. In view of current challenges, it is relevant to analyse the elements that are considered necessary to train music teachers to become competent professionals. This study identifies characteristics found in specialised Spanish and international scientific literature on teaching-learning processes in music teacher education, referring to their current state as well as to desirable developments and future prospects. Although a certain overlap among emergent categories in Spain and those in other countries can be observed, we also found differences of degree, as well as interesting divergences.
Improvisation pedagogy: what can be learned from off-task sounds and the art of the musical heckle?
Authors: Walduck Jackie
Published: April 2024

A tension between freedom and constraint is characteristic of improvisation practice and pedagogy, presenting challenges for teachers/workshop leaders. To create musical focus in ensemble improvisation, some sounds are encouraged, whilst others are edited out, ignored or marginalised. This article investigates improvised sounds as central or subaltern, asking how marginal sounds such as musical ‘heckles’ and off-task sounds can be accepted meaningfully into musical frameworks. I question what can be learned from subaltern sounds. How can power structures within the improvisation workshop be subverted by listening to sounds outside teacher-defined frames, and how can listening become inclusive without sessions descending into chaos?
The Ukrainian Refugee Crisis and the Politics of Public Opinion: Evidence from Hungary
Authors: Pepinsky Thomas B. , Reiff Ádám , Szabó Krisztina
Published: April 2024

The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine was a watershed moment in European politics. The invasion prompted a massive influx of refugees into Central Europe, a region in which immigration has proven highly contentious and politically salient in recent decades. We study public opinion toward refugees in Hungary, a highly exclusionary political environment in which anti-migrant and anti-refugee sentiments are commonly invoked by the ruling government. Combining historical public opinion data from the past decade with two rounds of original survey data from 2022, we demonstrate that the Ukrainian refugee crisis was accompanied by a large increase in tolerance for refugees, reversing what had previously been one of the most anti-refugee public opinion environments in Europe. To explain this reversal, we use a series of survey experiments coupled with detailed settlement-level demographic data to investigate how conflict proximity and racial, religious, and national identity shape openness to refugees. We find that the distinguishing feature of the 2022 refugee crisis was that refugees were mostly white European Christians driven from their home country by conflict. We discuss the implications of our argument for Hungary, for European politics in times of crisis, and for the politics of public opinion in competitive authoritarian regimes.
Formen der Arbeitszufriedenheit sensu Bruggemann
Authors: Ziegler René , Fuchs Marie
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung: Im Modell der Arbeitszufriedenheit von Bruggemann (1974 ) werden Bedürfnisse und Erwartungen bezüglich der Arbeit sowie Problemlöseversuche als wesentliche Faktoren für die Entstehung verschiedener Formen der Arbeits‍(un)‌zufriedenheit (fixierte Unzufriedenheit, konstruktive Unzufriedenheit, resignative Zufriedenheit, stabilisierte Zufriedenheit, progressive Zufriedenheit) postuliert. Wir haben die Annahmen des Modells in einer Studie mit N = 611 Teilnehmenden überprüft. Dabei zeigten sich zum einen größtenteils hypothesenkonforme Unterschiede zwischen den via Selbstzuordnungsmethode ermittelten Formen der Arbeitszufriedenheit (AZ-Formen) bezüglich des Ausmaßes an Befriedigung im Vergleich zum Ausmaß an Frustration der in der Selbstbestimmungstheorie ( Ryan & Deci, 2000 ) postulierten Bedürfnisse nach Autonomie, Kompetenz und Eingebundenheit. Zum anderen wurden anhand der EVLN-Typologie ( Hagedoorn, Van Yperen, Van de Vliert & Buunk, 1999 ) modellkonforme Unterschiede zwischen den AZ-Formen im Umgang mit Problemen bei der Arbeit ermittelt.
The African Regional Greenhouse Gases Budget (2010–2019)
Authors: Ernst Yolandi , Archibald Sally , Balzter Heiko , Chevallier Frederic , Ciais Philippe , Fischer Carlos Gonzalez , Gaubert Benjamin , Higginbottom Thomas , Higgins Steven , Lawal Shakirudeen , Lacroix Fabrice , Lauerwald Ronny , Lourenco Mauro , Martens Carola , Mengistu Anteneh G. , Merbold Lutz , Mitchard Edward , Moyo Mthokozisi , Nguyen Hannah , O’Sullivan Michael , Rodríguez‐Veiga Pedro , Rosan Thais , Rosentreter Judith , Ryan Casey , Scheiter Simon , Sitch Stephen , Stevens Nicola , Tagesson Torbern , Tian Hanqin , Wang Mengjia , Woon Joel S. , Zheng Bo , Zhou Yong , Scholes Robert J.
Published: April 2024

As part of the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Phase 2 (RECCAP2) project, we developed a comprehensive African Greenhouse gases (GHG) budget covering 2000 to 2019 (RECCAP1 and RECCAP2 time periods), and assessed uncertainties and trends over time. We compared bottom‐up process‐based models, data‐driven remotely sensed products, and national GHG inventories with top‐down atmospheric inversions, accounting also for lateral fluxes. We incorporated emission estimates derived from novel methodologies for termites, herbivores, and fire, which are particularly important in Africa. We further constrained global woody biomass change products with high‐quality regional observations. During the RECCAP2 period, Africa's carbon sink capacity is decreasing, with net ecosystem exchange switching from a small sink of −0.61 ± 0.58 PgC yr−1 in RECCAP1 to a small source in RECCAP2 at 0.16 (−0.52/1.36) PgC yr−1. Net CO2 emissions estimated from bottom‐up approaches were 1.6 (−0.9/5.8) PgCO2 yr−1, net CH4 were 77 (56.4/93.9) TgCH4 yr−1 and net N2O were 2.9 (1.4/4.9) TgN2O yr−1. Top‐down atmospheric inversions showed similar trends. Land Use Change emissions increased, representing one of the largest contributions at 1.7 (0.8/2.7) PgCO2eq yr−1 to the African GHG budget and almost similar to emissions from fossil fuels at 1.74 (1.53/1.96) PgCO2eq yr−1, which also increased from RECCAP1. Additionally, wildfire emissions decreased, while fuelwood burning increased. For most component fluxes, uncertainty is large, highlighting the need for increased efforts to address Africa‐specific data gaps. However, for RECCAP2, we improved our overall understanding of many of the important components of the African GHG budget that will assist to inform climate policy and action.
Evidence for SSW Triggered Q6DW‐Tide and Q6DW‐Gravity Wave Interactions Observed by Meteor Radars at 30°S
Authors: Qiao Zishun , Liu Alan Z. , Pedatella N. M. , Stober Gunter , Reid Iain M. , Fuentes Javier , Adami Christian L.
Published: April 2024

An exceptionally strong westward propagating quasi‐6‐day wave (Q6DW) with zonal wavenumber 1 in connection with the rare 2019 Southern Hemispheric Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) is observed by two meteor radars at 30°S and is found to modulate and interact with the diurnal tide and gravity waves (GWs). The diurnal tide is amplified every 6 days and a prominent 21 hr child wave attributed to Q6DW‐diurnal tide nonlinear interaction occurs. Q6DW modulation on GWs is confirmed as the 4–5 day periodicity in GW variances. Simultaneously, the Q6DW appears to shift its period toward the periodicity of the modulated GW variances. Enhancement is also observed in the first results of meteor radar observed Q6DW Eliassen‐Palm flux, which may facilitate the global perturbation and persistence of this Q6DW. We conclude that the observed SSW triggered Q6DW‐tide and Q6DW‐GW interactions play an important role in coupling the lower atmospheric forcings to ionospheric variabilities.