bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retinoblastoma 1 protects T cell maturation from premature apoptosis by inhibiting E2F1
Authors: Zhang Zili , Liu Wei , Zhao Lingfeng , Huang Zhibin , Chen Xiaohui , Ma Ning , Xu Jin , Zhang Wenqing , Zhang Yiyue
Published: January 2018

T lymphocytes are key cellular components of an acquired immune system and play essential roles in cell-mediated immunity. T cell development occurs in the thymus where 95% of immature thymocytes are eliminated via apoptosis. It is known that mutation of Zeb1, one of the retinoblastoma 1 (Rb1) target genes, results in a decrease in the number of immature T cells in mice. E2F1, an RB1-interacting protein, has been shown to regulate mature T cell development by interfering with thymocyte apoptosis. However, whether Rb1 regulates thymocyte development in vivo still needs to be further investigated. Here, we use a zebrafish model to investigate the role of Rb1 in T cell development. We show that Rb1-deficient fish exhibit a significant reduction in T cell number during early development that it is attributed to the accelerated apoptosis of immature T cells in a caspase-dependent manner. We further show that E2F1 overexpression could mimic the reduced T lymphocytes phenotype of Rb1 mutants, and E2F1 knockdown could rescue the phenotype in Rb1-deficient mutants. Collectively, our data indicate that the Rb1-E2F1-caspase axis is crucial for protecting immature T cells from apoptosis during early T lymphocyte maturation.
Cellular basis of brain maturation and acquisition of complex behaviors in salamanders
Authors: Joven Alberto , Wang Heng , Pinheiro Tiago , Hameed L. Shahul , Belnoue Laure , Simon András
Published: January 2018

The overall bauplan of the tetrapod brain is highly conserved, yet significant variations exist among species in terms of brain size, structural composition and cellular diversity. Understanding processes underlying neural and behavioral development in a wide range of species is important both from an evolutionary developmental perspective as well as for the identification of cell sources with post-developmental neurogenic potential. Here, we characterize germinal processes in the brain of Notophthalmus viridescens and Pleurodeles waltl during both development and adulthood. Using a combination of cell tracking tools, including clonal analyses in new transgenic salamander lines, we examine the origin of neural stem and progenitor cells found in the adult brain, determine regional variability in cell cycle length of progenitor cells, and show spatiotemporally orchestrated neurogenesis. We analyze how maturation of different brain regions and neuronal subpopulations are linked to the acquisition of complex behaviors, and how these behaviors are altered upon chemical ablation of dopamine neurons. Our data analyzed from an evolutionary perspective reveal both common and species-specific processes in tetrapod brain formation and function.
An interview with Cliff Tabin
Authors: Maartens Aidan
Published: January 2018

Cliff Tabin is George Jacob and Jacqueline Hazel Leder Professor and Chairman of the Department of Genetics at Harvard Medical School. His lab aims to understand the genetic control of morphogenesis during embryonic development and its change over evolutionary time. We met Cliff at the Pan-American Society for Evolutionary Developmental Biology's second biennial meeting, held in Calgary in August 2017, and heard about how he got into development, how a long-standing interest in the limb has been complemented by ventures into new models and why he thinks we are in a golden age for evo-devo.
Independent Work of Students on the Subject «Psychophysiology of Professional Activity» as One of the Ways of Their Professional Development
Authors: Романова Инна , Romanova Inna
Published: January 2018

The article considers the initial stage of professional development of future HR-professionals in vocational training. The experience of organization of independent work of students — future HR-professionals in State University of Management on the academic subject “Psychophysiology of professional activity” is taken as an example. The independent work itself is considered as a way of fulfilling theoretical and practical education of the labour subject, development of their professional culture and thinking. Different forms of independent classroom and extracurricular work are described and their connection with different aspects of personality development at early stages of professionalization is shown.
Barreiras para a prática de atividade física no tempo livre em pessoas com doença de Alzheimer
Authors: Souza Juliana Hegeto de , Dias Douglas Fernando , Loch Mathias Roberto
Published: January 2018

A prática regular de atividade física (AF) tem sido recomendada como parte importante da prevenção e do tratamento da Doença de Alzheimer (DA). O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as barreiras para a prática de AF no tempo livre (AFTL) para pessoas com DA na percepção de seus cuidadores. Foram analisadas informações de 74 sujeitos (37 cuidadores e 37 pacientes com DA). Os dados foram coletados em forma de entrevista, com os cuidadores que estavam na sala de espera de uma clínica pública que atende diversas especialidades de Londrina, PR. Os cuidadores responderam a parte da entrevista que dizia respeito aos seus próprios dados e também sobre o paciente com DA que estava sob a sua responsabilidade, uma vez que seria muito difícil entrevistar diretamente os pacientes. Observou-se, tanto nos cuidadores quanto nos pacientes com DA que a maior parte não praticava nenhum tipo de AFTL (56,8% nos cuidadores e 78,4% nos pacientes). As barreiras mais mencionadas para a prática de AFTL dos pacientes foram “teria preguiça e/ou ficaria cansado” e “ter medo que o paciente se machuque” ambas com 72,9%. A maior parte dos pacientes (51,3%) apresentou pelo menos seis barreiras. Conclui-se que é elevada a prevalência de barreiras para a prática de AFTL em pacientes com DA, que apesar de todos os cuidadores consideraram importante a pratica de AF para o tratamento, mais da metade, segundo seus cuidadores, não tem intenção de começar a prática.
Acute response of intermittent and continuous aerobic exercises on blood glucose of adolescents
Authors: Lima Valderi , Mascarenhas Luis , Decimo Juliana , Souza William , França Suzana , Leite Neiva
Published: January 2018

The purpose of the study was to investigate the acute effect of continuous and intermittent aerobic exercise on blood glucose of adolescents with type 1 diabetes. A cross-sectional analysis of eight adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (10-15 years) was conducted, and variables such as body mass, height, body mass index z score, glycated hemoglobin and cardiorespiratory fitness were assessed. There were two tests on a cycle ergometer: 30 minutes of continuous exercise and 30 minutes of intermittent exercise. Blood glucose was measured before and after the exercises and lactate concentration was measured at the end of the exercise. Student’s t test and Pearson’s correlation were used, considering p<0.05. In the continuous exercise protocol, there was a significant difference in pre- and post-exercise blood glucose levels (p = 0.048), whereas the intermittent exercise protocol did not show statistically significant differences in blood glucose. Higher concentrations of lactate were found after the intermittent exercises (p = 0.036). There was a strong correlation between glycemic control and body mass index z score (r = 0.893 p = 0.041). Regarding the other variables, there were no significant correlations. The reduction in blood glucose was lower after intermittent aerobic exercises, compared with continuous exercises, which could be an interesting strategy to prevent acute exercise-induced hypoglycemia.
Viva bem com a coluna que você tem: ação multidisciplinar no tratamento da lombalgia
Authors: Petreça Daniel , Sandreschi Paula , Rodrigues Fabíola , Koaski Regiane , Becker Luiz , Júnior Nilton , Mazo Giovana
Published: January 2018

Esse estudo relato tem como objetivo descrever a metodologia e implementação do projeto: Viva bem com a coluna que você tem. O projeto, criado em 2004, com parceria entre a Prefeitura Municipal de Mafra e a Universidade do Contestado, visa promover bem-estar físico, social e diminuição do quadro álgico de indivíduos com lombalgia por meio de tratamento multidisciplinar e produção de novos conhecimentos. Desde a sua criação já foram atendidas cerca de 500 pessoas. O projeto é desenvolvido em uma academia de musculação, duas vezes por semana, com duração de 60 minutos, por meio de exercícios aeróbios, de flexibilidade e resistência de força. A sessão é conduzida por uma equipe composta por fisioterapeutas, profissionais e estudantes de educação física. Os participantes melhoraram/mantiveram a aptidão física relacionada à saúde e diminuíram o quadro álgico. Com isso, o projeto tem atingido seus objetivos podendo ser adotado como uma estratégia alternativa para o tratamento da lombalgia.
Some Customers Would Rather Leave Without Saying Goodbye
Authors: Ascarza Eva , Netzer Oded , Hardie Bruce G. S.
Published: January 2018

We investigate the increasingly common business setting in which companies face the possibility of both observed and unobserved customer attrition (i.e., “overt” and “silent” churn) in the same pool of customers. This is the case for many online-based services where customers have the choice to stop interacting with the firm either by formally terminating the relationship (e.g., canceling their account) or by simply ignoring all communications coming from the firm. The standard contractual versus noncontractual categorization of customer–firm relationships does not apply in such hybrid settings, which means the standard models for analyzing customer attrition do not apply. We propose a hidden Markov model (HMM)-based framework to capture silent and overt churn. We apply our modeling framework to two different contexts—a daily deal website and a performing arts organization. In contrast to previous studies that have not separated the two types of churn, we find that overt churners in these hybrid settings tend to interact more, rather than less, with the firm prior to churning; that is, in settings where both types of churn are present, a high level of activity—such as customers actively opening emails received from the firm—is not necessarily a good indicator of future engagement; rather it is associated with higher risk of overt churn. We also identify a large number of “silent churners” in both empirical applications—customers who disengage with the company very early on, rarely exhibit any type of activity, and almost never churn overtly. Furthermore, we show how the two types of churners respond very differently to the firm’s communications, implying that a common retention strategy for proactive churn management is not appropriate in these hybrid settings.

Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2017.1057 .
Outcome of surgical management of stress fractures in high demand individuals
Authors: Maden C , Robbins A , Volpin A , Biz C , Konan S
Published: January 2018

Stress fractures represent one-fifth of overuse injuries in sport. Successful healing of stress fractures in high demand individuals is important to prevent complications upon early return to activity. This article reviews the literature on outcomes of surgical management of stress fractures in high demand individuals.

An online literature search was carried out for articles published up to and including January 2017. Twenty five papers were reviewed. In the majority of studies, no complications were reported, clinical and radiographic healing was achieved, and patients returned to their premorbid level of activity.

Current literature suggests good outcomes after surgical management of stress fractures in high demand individuals, particularly those in whom conservative treatment has failed. Further studies comparing surgical techniques are necessary to demonstrate the most efficacious.
Vertebral compression fractures
Authors: Musbahi Omar , Ali Adam M , Hassany Hamid , Mobasheri Reza
Published: January 2018

This review gives a practical guide to the investigation and management of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. With an ageing population, the burden of disease and health system costs attributable to this common injury continue to rise. This article outlines the epidemiology, clinical and radiological assessment of vertebral compression fractures, and key decisions that must be made in their management. It reviews the indications and evidence for conservative vs operative treatment, discusses the rationale for vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty and spinal stabilization, and looks at outcomes in this vulnerable patient population. It also reviews key evidence underlying decision making including National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines.
Historical Preservation in Havana: Planning for the Next Generation of NGO Leaders
Authors: Karl Besel  , Jesús Rafael Pico
Published: January 2018

Havana is home to some of the most impressive and best preserved historical monuments not only in the Caribbean, but in North America as a whole. While small and restricted by governmental policies, Cuban nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) have worked in tandem with national and international groups to foster successful preservation strategies with regard to primary tourist sites. The next generation of NGO leaders will need to expand this focus to include Havana's historic residential areas. Implications of this article include competencies and values that new NGO leaders will need to exhibit in order to formulate and implement plans to benefit Havana's residents.
Prototipe Model Collaborative Learning Matematika Melalui Media Blog dengan Interactive Digital Book Mata Kuliah Kalkulus II
Authors: Sunismi Sunismi , Fathani Abdul Halim
Published: January 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah tersusunnya prototipe model collaborative learning matematika melalui  media blog dengan interactive digital book matakuliah kalkulus II. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian pengembangan (development research). Model yang digunakan Four-D, meliputi tahap: define, design, develop, dan disseminate, yang akan dikerjakan selama dua tahun. Hasil pengembangan tahun I, tahap define, hasil angket analisis kebutuhan mahasiswa dan dosen, yaitu sebagian besar mahasiswa belum memahami materi kalkulus II, karena kesulitan mempelajarinya. Dikarenakan dosen menggunakan model pembelajaran langsung tanpa media, sehingga mahasiswa pasif dalam kelas. Oleh karena itu perlu dikembangkan model pembelajaran yang dapat mengaktifkan mahasiswa, yaitu model collaborative learning matematika melalui media blog dengan interactive digital book matakuliah kalkulus II. Hasil tahap design, yaitu 1) rancangan model collaborative learning matematika, 2) format media blog, situs internet yang digunakan untuk memposting bahan ajar, ruang diskusi kolaborasi online, pretes dan postes interaktif, serta uji kompetensi interaktif. Alamat blog https://sunismikalkulus.blogspot.co.id/?m=0. Sedangkan format interactive digital book kalkulus II dibuat dengan Kvisoft Flip Book Maker 3.6.6 yang menampilkan interactive digital book seperti tampilan buku cetak dapat memberikan umpan balik secara langsung kepada pengguna. Sedangkan hasil tahap develop, dihasilkan prototipe model collaborative learning matematika, yang telah divalidasi oleh ahli desain dan media pembelajaran, serta ahli matematika bahwa prototipe model valid, sehingga layak digunakan.
Photochemistry — development and achievements
Authors: Šima Jozef
Published: January 2018

Photochemistry has been subjected to the enormous development within the last two centuries. This development has been driven mainly by two key factors: inherent scientific thirst for knowledge and worldwide foodstuff and energy needs. Within the development of photochemistry, mutual conditionality of global needs, progress in theory, improving of existing and birth of qualitatively new experimental techniques can be identified. Photochemistry has found its application in various fields of our life, development and protection of the nature.
Computing eccentric connectivity index of nanostar dendrimers
Authors: Mehdipour Sara , Alaeiyan Mehdi , Nejati Ali
Published: January 2018

Let G be a molecular graph, the eccentric connectivity index of G is defined as ξc(G) = Σu∈V(G)deg(u)·ecc(u), where deg(u) denotes the degree of vertex u and ecc(u) is the largest distance between u and any other vertex v of G, namely, eccentricity of u. In this study, we present exact expressions for the eccentric connectivity index of two infinite classes of nanostar dendrimers.
Reflux control of a laboratory distillation column via MPC-based reference governor
Authors: Klaučo Martin , Valo Richard , Drgoňa Ján
Published: January 2018

An optimization-based control strategy is proposed to improve control performance of a primary PI controller. The strategy, referred to as a MPC-based reference governor, optimizes the performance of a primary PI controller by supplying optimal setpoints to the primary controller. This primary PI controller is responsible for reflux ratio manipulation in a distillation column, to control the temperature of the column head. This paper shows theoretical and experimental results obtained on the laboratory-scale.
Morphological Characteristics of Three Classic Forms of Natural Equine Glanders – A Disease With High Zoonotic Significance
Authors: Aničić Milan , Kukolj Vladimir , Marinković Darko
Published: January 2018

Equine glanders is a severe bacterial disease known since ancient times. Although eradicated in the most part of the world it is now considered re-emerging. Considering very scarce literature data, we used from formalin fixed collection material: nasal septum, lung and skin specimens from naturally infected horses. Tissues were grossly examined and photographed. Tissue samples, after standard processing, were stained with HE, Congo red and Groccot and microscopically examined. Gross changes include nodules and ulcers in the nasal mucosa with granulation and scarring, pyogranulomas in the lung tissue and nodules and ulcers of the skin. Microscopically marked inflammation of affected tissues with neutrophilic and mononuclear infiltration and fibrous tissue proliferation were seen. As a potent zoonotic agent it has been already used as a biological weapon in the past.
Identifikation und Simulation optischer Verstärker für ultra-kurze Laserpulse
Authors: Deutschmann Andreas , Malevich Pavel , Baltuška Andrius , Kugi Andreas
Published: January 2018

Die Beschreibung optischer Pulsverstärker für ultra-kurze Laserpulse resultiert in mathematisch aufwendigen,
verteilt-parametrischen Modellen, deren detaillierte Modellierung und adaptive Regelung unlängst präsentiert wurde. In
diesem Beitrag werden nun Aspekte der Identifikation geeigneter Parameter betrachtet, um ein gemessenes
Eingangs-Ausgangs-Verhalten möglichst gut nachbilden zu können. Dazu werden effiziente Simulationsmodelle präsentiert,
die den numerischen Aufwand – besonders bei hohen Wiederholraten und der dadurch auftretenden starken Verkopplung
aufeinanderfolgender Pulse – in handhabbaren Grenzen halten.
Precision, accuracy, cross reactivity and comparability of serum indices measurement on Abbott Architect c8000, Beckman Coulter AU5800 and Roche Cobas 6000 c501 clinical chemistry analyzers
Authors: Nikolac Gabaj Nora , Miler Marijana , Vrtarić Alen , Hemar Marina , Filipi Petra , Kocijančić Marija , Šupak Smolčić Vesna , Ćelap Ivana , Šimundić Ana-Maria
Published: January 2018

Background:

The aim of our study was to perform verification of serum indices on three clinical chemistry platforms.

Methods:

This study was done on three analyzers: Abbott Architect c8000, Beckman Coulter AU5800 (BC) and Roche Cobas 6000 c501. The following analytical specifications were verified: precision (two patient samples), accuracy (sample with the highest concentration of interferent was serially diluted and measured values compared to theoretical values), comparability (120 patients samples) and cross reactivity (samples with increasing concentrations of interferent were divided in two aliquots and remaining interferents were added in each aliquot. Measurements were done before and after adding interferents).

Results:

Best results for precision were obtained for the H index (0.72%–2.08%). Accuracy for the H index was acceptable for Cobas and BC, while on Architect, deviations in the high concentration range were observed (y=0.02 [0.01–0.07]+1.07 [1.06–1.08]x). All three analyzers showed acceptable results in evaluating accuracy of L index and unacceptable results for I index. The H index was comparable between BC and both, Architect (Cohen’s κ [95% CI]=0.795 [0.692–0.898]) and Roche (Cohen’s κ [95% CI]=0.825 [0.729–0.922]), while Roche and Architect were not comparable. The I index was not comparable between all analyzer combinations, while the L index was only comparable between Abbott and BC. Cross reactivity analysis mostly showed that serum indices measurement is affected when a combination of interferences is present.

Conclusions:

There is heterogeneity between analyzers in the hemolysis, icteria, lipemia (HIL) quality performance. Verification of serum indices in routine work is necessary to establish analytical specifications.
High-temperature corrosion resistance of SiO2-forming materials
Authors: Kurokawa Kazuya , Sudiro Toto , Sano Tomonori , Kyo Shoji , Ishibashi Osamu , Nakamori Masaharu
Published: January 2018

An increasing demand for electricity and preserving the environment has become a great driving force for the development of advanced boilers for coal-fired plants to improve their plant efficiency by raising the operating temperature. To achieve this purpose, the development of materials that possess a high mechanical strength and excellent resistance against corrosion at high temperatures is required. Considering such situation, the high-temperature corrosion behavior of SiO2-forming materials such as CrSi2-Ni and CoNiCrAlY-Si alloys in atmospheres containing NaCl and Na2SO4 is introduced. The SiO2 scale plays a significant role in suppressing the inward diffusion of sulfur and chlorine, resulting in the remarkable suppression of the formation of sulfide and chloride at the scale/substrate interface and inside of the substrate. Based on such results, it is emphasized that SiO2-forming materials show outstanding corrosion resistance against atmospheres containing NaCl and Na2SO4.
Effect of pearlite on stress corrosion cracking of carbon steel in fuel-grade ethanol
Authors: Torkkeli Janne , Saukkonen Tapio , Hänninen Hannu
Published: January 2018

The selective dissolution of ferrite phase from the pearlite was studied in fuel-grade ethanol (FGE) to understand how it affects the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) mechanism of carbon steel in FGE. It was shown that microgalvanic coupling occurs between ferrite and cementite phases of the pearlite, leading to localized corrosion, which affects the SCC mechanism. The intergranular SCC mechanism stops at the pearlite, and the selective dissolution promotes the transgranular SCC mechanism. Cathodic polarization curves were measured for pure iron and cementite exposed to various FGE conditions. According to the results, cementite phase is, in most cases, a more favorable cathode in FGE.
Plasmonic flat surface Fabry-Perot interferometry
Authors: Sain Basudeb , Kaner Roy , Bondy Yaara , Prior Yehiam
Published: January 2018

We report measurements of the optical transmission through a plasmonic flat surface interferometer. The transmission spectrum shows Fabry-Perot-like modes, where for each mode order, the maximal transmission occurs at a gap that grows linearly with wavelength, giving the appearance of diagonal dependence on gap and wavelength. The experimental results are supported by numerical solutions of the wave equations and by a simplified theoretical model that is based on the coupling between localized and propagating surface plasmon. This work explains not only the appearance of the modes but also their sharp dependence on the gap, taking into consideration the refractive indices of the surrounding media. The transmission spectra provide information about the phase difference between the light impinging on the two cavities, enabling interferometric measurement of the light phase by transmission through the coupled plasmonic cavities. The 1° phase-difference resolution is obtained without any propagation distance, thus making this interferometer suitable for on-chip operation.
Impact of Environmental Exposure on Historical Building Materials in the Archaeological Cellar of Our Lady’s Basilica in Tongeren (B)
Authors: Van Gemert Dionys , Brosens Kris , Ignoul Sven , Vandegehuchte Caroline , Janssen Michel
Published: January 2018

An archaeological cellar has been excavated under the Basilica of Our Lady in Tongeren, as part of an extensive restoration and revitalization campaign that started in 1999, Figure 1. The cellar will enable to descend to the early Roman history of the site under and surrounding the basilica. The excavation and construction of the archaeological cellar were finished in 2007. After that the air-conditioning system and the accessibility of the cellar were installed In successive phases. At present, the integration of the archaeological cellar under the basilica with the archaeological field around the basilica is under construction. Building in the large cellar under the complete church without endangering the stability of the building was a complex construction work, as explained further in the paper. The project was realized in successive phases, to enable continuous use of the church for services as well as its accessibility as pilgrimage site. After the construction of the cellar, the focus shifted to the conservation of the archaeological remains in view of the future (touristic) exploitation of the cellar. In view of that, climate control in the cellar is crucial. The foundation footings and walls have been covered underground during centuries, and are now suddenly exposed to an inside environment with higher temperatures and lower humidity. The climate control measures during the construction works are presented, as well as the performance of the final permanent climate control installation. The specific consolidation and conservation works on the foundation masonries are profoundly discussed.
The effect of protective atmosphere on decarburisation of the heat-treated surface of steel
Authors: Tonkovič Marica Prijanovič , Knez Miha
Published: January 2018

In heat-treating furnaces, many different types of protective atmospheres are used. This article researches the effect of protective atmospheres on the quality of the surface layer of bolts during the process of heating to reach the temperature of hardening. For this research, we produced specimens that were annealed in the furnace with two different types of protective atmosphere, i.e. in atmospheres of endothermic gas and nitrogen. After hardening and tempering, we measured the hardness of the specimens and investigated the microstructure. We measured the hardness profile from the surface to the inside of the product. We found that the hardness of the surface of the tested product was lower while using protective atmosphere of nitrogen due to the occurrence of ferrite. The depth of the decarburised layer in this atmosphere reached up to 70 mm, where predominantly there was a microstructure of ferrite on the surface, and then, with depth, an increasingly mixed microstructure of ferrite and martensite was found. The depth of the decarburised layer for sample treated in endothermic gas was minimal (i.e. 10 mm) on the surface.
Organization and Planning of Corporate Education in the Czech Republic
Authors: Caha Zdeněk
Published: January 2018

The aim of this paper was to determine by means of a questionnaire survey to what extent large and medium-sized companies in the Czech Republic apply a systematic approach to education. This is, amongst other things, dependent on the existence of long-term and annual education plans and on whether the education is organized systematically by a personnel department or by a dedicated staff department focused on education. Two hypotheses were set. The first, that in at least 70 % of large companies and 50 % of medium-sized company education is organized by a personnel department or a separate staff department focused on education. The second, that at least 70 % of large companies and 50 % of medium-sized companies have a long-term education plan, including an annual education plan, in place. Although neither of the hypotheses were confirmed, it was proven that large companies approach the issue of corporate education in a more systematic way than medium-sized ones.
Indication of Changes in Projecting Organizational Structures Under the New Economy
Authors: Pártlová Petra
Published: January 2018

Enterprise Architecture includes organizational and management part and visions and goals of the organization, business processes leading to the goals, innovation processes, control mechanisms, information and communication technologies and others. The paper focuses on one of the most important components of corporate architecture, organizational and management framework of an enterprise in terms of its present state and anticipated changes and the expected development in the context of the emerging new economy. The research was carried out in a sample of 372 enterprises from the whole Czech Republic with the sector (industrial, manufacturing, services and primary sector) and size differentiation (micro-enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises and large enterprises according to the classification of Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic and the EU). The statistical methods were used (p-value with Pearson Chi quadrate output) to analyses the results. The conclusion indicates a possible development in the corporate organization architecture in the context of the paradigm of changes in the external corporate environment.
Analyzing the management process in small and medium-sized enterprises in the Region of South Bohemia
Authors: Váchal Jan , Jambal Tsolmon
Published: January 2018

The entry is aimed at analyzing the process of managing small and medium-sized enterprise, specifically in the Region of South Bohemia. The testing sample included 180 enterprises. The fundamental statistical information about SMEs is included, focusing of the numbers, the size category, and their specialization in the Region of South Bohemia. The research activities were aimed at the steepness of management structures and at their extent on all management levels. The analysis indicates that micro-enterprises prefer one management level, while small and middle-sized enterprises prefer two management levels with the statistic dependence on the size category. In regard to the number of employees on individual management levels, the top positions have from 6 employees up to 30 on the operative level. The general business trend involves a transfer to the functional management structure. With respect to the strategic management and decision- making, enterprises boost an attractive prospect of mainly their own sources. A statistical correlation was proved between the elaborated strategy, the size of the enterprise and number of management levels. A strong correlation between the number of management levels and the aim of the enterprise i.e. the type of organization structure was not proved.
Composition, Mixing State and Water Affinity of Meteoric Smoke Analogue Nanoparticles Produced in a Non-Thermal Microwave Plasma Source
Authors: Nachbar Mario , Duft Denis , Kiselev Alexei , Leisner Thomas
Published: January 2018

The article reports on the composition, mixing state and water affinity of iron silicate particles which were produced in a non-thermal low-pressure microwave plasma reactor. The particles are intended to be used as meteoric smoke particle analogues. We used the organometallic precursors ferrocene (Fe(C5H5)2) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, Si(OC2H5)4) in various mixing ratios to produce nanoparticles with radii between 1 nm and 4 nm. The nanoparticles were deposited on sample grids and their stoichiometric composition was analyzed in an electron microscope using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). We show that the pure silicon oxide and iron oxide particles consist of SiO2 and Fe2O3, respectively. For Fe:(Fe+Si) ratios between 0.2 and 0.8 our reactor produces (in contrast to other particle sources) mixed iron silicates with a stoichiometric composition according to FexSi(1−x)O3 (0≤x≤1). This indicates that the particles are formed by polymerization of FeO3 and SiO3 and that rearrangement to the more stable silicates ferrosilite (FeSiO3) and fayalite (Fe2SiO4) does not occur at these conditions. To investigate the internal mixing state of the particles, the H2O surface desorption energy of the particles was measured. We found that the nanoparticles are internally mixed and that differential coating resulting in a core-shell structure does not occur.
Chemogenetic Excitation of Accumbens-Projecting Infralimbic Cortical Neurons Blocks Toluene-Induced Conditioned Place Preference
Authors: Wayman Wesley N. , Woodward John J.
Published: January 2018

Abuse rates for inhalants among adolescents continue to be high, yet preclinical models for studying mechanisms underlying inhalant abuse remain limited. Our laboratory has previously shown that, in male rats, an acute binge-like exposure to toluene vapor that mimics human solvent abuse modifies the intrinsic excitability of mPFC pyramidal neurons projecting to the NAc. These changes showed region (infralimbic; IL vs prelimbic; PRL), layer (shallow; 2/3 vs deep; 5/6), target (core vs shell), and age (adolescent vs adult) dependent differences (Wayman and Woodward, 2017). To expand these findings using reward-based models that may better mimic human drug abuse, we used whole-cell electrophysiology and drug receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs to examine changes in neuronal function and behavior in rats showing a conditioned place preference (CPP) to toluene. Repeated pairings of adolescent rats to binge concentrations of toluene vapor previously shown to enhance dopamine release in reward-sensitive areas of the brain produced CPP that persisted for 7 but not 30 d. Toluene-induced CPP was associated with increased excitability of IL5/6 mPFC neurons projecting to the core of the NAc and reduced excitability of those projecting to the NAc shell. No changes in PRL-NAc-projecting neurons were found in toluene-CPP rats. Chemogenetic reversal of the toluene-induced decrease in IL5/6-NAc shell neurons blocked the expression of toluene-induced CPP while manipulating IL5/6-NAc core neuron activity had no effect. These data reveal that alterations in selective mPFC-NAc pathways are required for expression of toluene-induced CPP.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDisturbed physiology of pyramidal neurons projecting from the mPFC to the NAc has been shown to have different roles in drug-seeking behaviors for a number of drugs (e.g., methamphetamine, cocaine, ecstasy, alcohol, heroin). Here, we report that rats repeatedly exposed to the volatile organic solvent toluene, a member of the class of abused inhalants often used for intoxicating purposes by adolescents, induces a preference for the drug-paired environment that is accompanied by altered physiology of a specific population of NAc-projecting mPFC neurons. Chemogenetic correction of this deficit before testing prevented expression of drug preference. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of corticolimbic circuitry in mediating the rewarding properties of abused inhalants.
Epidemiologically inspired approaches to land-use policy evaluation: The influence of the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) on deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Costa Marcelo A. , Rajão Raoni , Stabile Marcelo C. C. , Azevedo Andrea A. , Correa Juliano
Published: January 2018

Environmental policy evaluation is crucial to determining if policy objectives were achieved. In most cases, some of the outcomes can be measured but a proper statistical analysis is difficult to achieve since the data may not represent a random sample (i.e., the data is biased), are not representative of the population or cannot be compared to a control group. This work adapts quasi-experimental statistical methods widely used in epidemiological studies that could be applied to land use policy evaluation in situations of relatively poor data. In order to test and develop this set of methods, we evaluated the effect of a land-use policy known as the rural environmental registry (CAR) on the reduction of deforestation rates in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. The random variable of interest is the number of deforested hectares in given private properties and the statistic of interest is the difference of the annual deforestation rate between the properties before and after the policy intervention. Since no formal statistical distribution properly fit the data, non-parametrical approaches such as Monte Carlo simulations and Bootstrap were used. Data from the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso and Pará were used, with different time periods and three rural property size classes. Results show that the properties inside the Rural Environmental Registry have reduced their deforestation rates in some property classes and time periods, but this effect has not been systematic across time and space indicating that the policy is only partially effective. We conclude that the proposed statistical methods can be useful in environmental policy evaluation in different contexts due to low demands in terms of data availability and statistical distribution assumptions.
Below-the-(Hem)line
Authors: Warner Helen
Published: January 2018

This article examines the storytelling practices of a particular community of “below-the-line” practitioners: costume designers. Their stories are often written out of media histories that privilege the testimonies of above-the-line (typically male) professionals. This article provides a corrective to these androcentric accounts of media production. Using material gathered from the Costume Designers Guild's official publication, the Costume Designer (launched in 2005), I apply a gendered lens to the examination of trade stories and argue that the stories costume designers tell can be understood as radical acts of “speaking out” against a neoliberal production culture that attempts to silence them.
Presentación y Editorial
Authors: UCR REVISTARQUIS
Published: January 2018

Presentación
Un acercamiento a los valores patrimoniales del edificio de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad de Costa Rica
Authors: Venegas Arias Rafael Ángel
Published: January 2018

Este ensayo es un acercamiento al edificio de la Facultad de Ingeniería en la Sede Rodrigo Facio Brenes de la Universidad de Costa Rica para su puesta en valor como patrimonio histórico-arquitectónico. Se hace una revisión histórica del inmueble y paralelamente se analizan distintos valores que pueden ser asignados al mismo, los cuales han sufrido un proceso de invisibilización. Los valores analizados en este ensayo son: simbólico, conjunto, objeto de diseño, documento histórico, espacio público y obra de arte; tomando en cuenta conceptos de política, historia, arquitectura e ideología. Para el desarrollo de este ensayo se utilizan los principios de la semiótica, abordando el edificio como un lenguaje que debe ser analizado e interpretado.
Cabaña ED
Authors: Troncoso Valencia Lorena
Published: January 2018

Este proyecto denominado Cabaña Ed, de la arquitecta chilena Lorena Troncoso Valencia, es parte de una serie de obras emplazadas en la comuna de Pinto, Región de Ñuble de Chile. Zona de frondosa vegetación de árboles autóctonos y con fugas visuales hacia la cordillera de los Andes. La Cabaña Ed, donde predomina el uso de la madera, se integra muy sutilmente con ese entorno natural.
Publicaciones
Authors: UCR REVISTARQUIS
Published: January 2018

Publicaciones
Construcción y validación de un instrumento para valorar desempeños pedagógicos de estudiantes en formación inicial
Authors: Aguilar Correa Cristián Manuel , Sánchez Sánchez Gerardo Ignacio
Published: January 2018

La investigación tuvo por objetivo construir y validar un instrumento para valorar desempeños pedagógicos de estudiantes en formación inicial, a partir de los estándares para estudiantado egresado definidos por el Ministerio de Educación de Chile (2011). La validación fue desarrollada a partir de juicio de personas expertas con base en procedimiento planteado por los autores Rovinelli y Hambleton (1977). Posteriormente se aplicó el instrumento a una muestra probabilística de 58 estudiantes de Pedagogía Básica de la Universidad Católica del Maule (Chile), con el objeto de determinar su consistencia interna. Los resultados muestran valores aceptables en el índice de congruencia y factor de correspondencia, ya que la totalidad se ubica sobre el índice 0,40. La consistencia interna promedió un índice total de 0.98. Los resultados muestran que el instrumento presenta adecuadas características psicométricas, respecto a la validez de contenido a través de personas expertas y la consistencia interna mediante el alfa de Cronbach.
Presentación de un modelo de análisis de la conversación y experiencias de aprendizaje mediado en la interacción de sala de clase
Authors: Villalta-Paucar Marco Antonio , Martinic-Valencia Sergio , Assael-Budnik Cecilia , Aldunate Ruff Nerea
Published: January 2018

Las evidencias de los últimos años indican que la calidad del diálogo docente-estudiante en el aula es importante en el logro de aprendizajes. Pero aún no se conocen, de modo suficiente, cuáles diálogos son más beneficiosos, ni qué tipo de modelo de análisis es el más pertinente. El objetivo de este artículo es ilustrar un modelo de análisis de la interacción didáctica en el aula que integre criterios de mediación de la teoría de experiencia de aprendizaje mediado (EAM) y las categorías del análisis de la conversación (AC), específicamente los conceptos de intervención e intercambio. Metodológicamente se trata de un estudio cualitativo de análisis de caso instrumental, que consistió en la filmación de tres clases consecutivas de una profesora de cuarto básico de escuela ubicada en sectores sociales vulnerables de la región Metropolitana de Santiago de Chile. El análisis del registro de observación se realizó con las categorías de la EAM y AC. Los resultados indican que los criterios de la EAM cobran precisión al vincular la acción comunicativa del profesorado con la acción comunicativa del estudiantado –trasladando el foco de observación de la intervención al intercambio–, y los intercambios ganan precisión para describir la acción intencionada del personal docente desde el currículo en relación con las acciones que median el aprendizaje autónomo de sus estudiantes. Se demuestra que hay intercambios en el aula que contienen criterios de la teoría EAM, y aportan a comprender la disposición a aprender en estudiantes que viven en contextos sociales vulnerables.
Crystallization of The Quran: An Analysis of John Wansbrough’s Theory
Authors: Azmi Ahmad Sanusi
Published: January 2018

In the early nineteenth century, modern scholars began to explore materials of Quranic studies within the framework of a historical-critical method. Novel arguments were presented in challenging the traditional account of the formation of the Quran with a various range of theory. It seems that the most radical assessment was demonstrated by John Wansbrough in his exceptional works, Quranic Studies: Sources and Methods of Scriptural. The literary analysis employed by John Wansbrough in his study on the Quran lead to a novel historic inference. This article aims to explore the theory of late crystallization of the Quran as proposed by John Wansbrough. This study is the qualitative research in which the researcher uses the study of the comparative text analysis. The resulting study asserts that Wansbrough’s theory is a new discovery which has given the new impact and the new path in the Quranic studies. His conclusion is not accepted by all scholars. Some scholars regarded Wansbrough’s evidence that he used as an argument is not absolutely convincing.
Pathology Findings in Medical School Anatomy Cadavers
Authors: Plummer Maria , Vasilyev Alexander , Shaheen Saira , Geisler Jonathan , Jung Min-Kyung
Published: January 2018

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. With more medical schools in the United States and abroad turning to virtual anatomy instead of gross dissection of actual cadavers, unexpected pathological findings may not be encountered as teaching opportunities. By using real cadavers the cause of death information provided might confirm pathology which is found in the course of routine anatomical dissection. Additional pathology not attributable to cause of death adds further to the experience of the cadaver dissection. Over the course of four academic years, human cadavers at New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine were sampled based on encountered gross pathological findings. Over the four years, there were 64 cadavers sampled randomly and forty two percent of the cadavers had findings related to cause of death. Sixty-six percent of the cadavers had findings which were not related to the cause of death. Thus, not only is pathology abundant in human anatomy cadavers and a source of important medical education but additional pathology outside of cause of death is an even greater source of teaching material. The benefits of human anatomy dissection are good medical educational sources with or without clinical information in the form of cause of death. Having limited clinical information may further enhance the educational value of anatomy dissection.
Providing brand guidance for independent businesses:
Authors: Fontaine Lisa , Bradbury Susan L.
Published: January 2018

If downtown retail districts are to compete with franchise-heavy commercial districts and malls, their small independent businesses must communicate a vibrant, alternative message through graphic identities. The identity that represents each business is the most important aspect of this message, and it needs to be planned and implemented with great care. Based upon our research we propose ways to assist business owners and communities with graphic messaging and its application to signage by providing the communication guidance that is missing in design standards and sign regulations. Through an understanding of communication theory and examining both positive and negative examples of business signs and community design standards, we demonstrate how communities and regulations can be improved to better serve of the unique communication needs and goals of small, independent businesses and the community.