bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 12-week consumer wearable activity tracker-based intervention reduces sedentary behaviour and improves cardiometabolic health in free-living sedentary adults: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Franssen Wouter M. A. , Nieste Ine , Vandereyt Frank , Savelberg Hans H. C. M. , Eijnde Bert O.
Published: December 2022

Background

Reducing sedentary behaviour significantly improves cardiometabolic health and plays an important role in the prevention and management of cardiometabolic diseases. However, limited effective strategies have been proposed to combat the negative effects of sedentary lifestyles. Although consumer wearable activity trackers (CWATs) can effectively improve physical activity, they were only included as part of a multiple behaviour change technique. In addition, it is not known whether these devices are also effective to reduce sedentary behaviour. Therefore, we aim to investigate the efficacy of a single component CWAT-only intervention and the added value of a multicomponent (CWATs + motivational interviewing) behaviour change intervention to reduce sedentary behaviour and increase physical activity within sedentary adults.

Methods

In a three-armed randomised controlled trial, 59 (male/female: 21/38) sedentary adults were randomly allocated to a control group (n = 20), a CWAT-only group (n = 20) or the CWAT + group (CWAT + motivational interviewing; n = 19) for 12 weeks. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour were assessed using the activPAL3™ accelerometer. In addition, anthropometrics, blood pressure, plasma lipids and insulin sensitivity using an oral glucose tolerance test were assessed at baseline and after the 12-week intervention period.

Results

As compared with the control group, the CWAT + group significantly reduced time spent in sedentary behaviour (− 81 min/day, confidence interval [95%]: [− 151, − 12] min/day) and significantly increased step count (+ 3117 [827, 5406] steps/day), standing time (+ 62 [14, 110] min/day), light intensity PA (+ 28 [5, 50] min/day) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (+ 22 [4, 40] min/day). Body fat mass (− 1.67 [− 3.21, − 0.14] kg), percentage body fat (− 1.5 [− 2.9, − 0.1] %), triglyceride concentration (− 0.31 [− 0.62, − 0.01] mmol/l), the 2 h insulin concentration (− 181 [− 409, − 46] pmol/l), the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (− 0.022 [− 0.043, − 0.008]) and total area under the curve of insulin (− 6464 [− 26837, − 2735] mmol/l min) were significantly reduced in the CWAT + group, compared to the control group. No significant differences within the CWAT-only group were found.

Conclusion

A 12-week multicomponent CWAT-based intervention (CWAT + motivational interviewing) reduces sedentary time, increases physical activity levels and improves various cardiometabolic health variables in sedentary adults, whereas self-monitoring on itself (CWAT-only group) has no beneficial effects on sedentary time.

Trial registrationThe present study was registered (2018) at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03853018.
Introduction to this special section: Seismic reservoir modeling
Authors: Oppert Shauna , Baker Kathleen , Bathija Arpita
Published: December 2022

The seismic data set is a fundamental requirement for producing oil and gas fields. It provides understanding of the structure and stratigraphy of the reservoirs, and it is now routinely employed in reservoir modeling for advancing insights into how fields are being produced. Modern 3D seismic data were first developed in the 1960s, but it wasn't until the 1980s that seismic interpretation software enabled the building of gridded reservoir models from seismic interpretations. Reservoir modeling utilizing seismic interpretations drove insights into reservoir quality and performance, helping to understand the communication between reservoir units and wells, particularly in fields with many wells. But key challenges such as the cost of building or updating reservoir models and scale variance created barriers for early industry-wide adoption. Data integration required calibration to correct and account for the difference in measurement scales of seismic data and well data, as well as to create robust relationships between seismic properties and petrophysical properties in the model. Over time, technological advancements led to a reduction in the cost of reservoir modeling, while increased acquisition, processing, and utility of seismic data provided the means to drive innovation toward incorporating seismic. Today, 3D and 4D seismic data play pivotal roles in defining and updating reservoir models where hundreds to thousands of simulations can be realized in a reservoir model to explore history matching and model uncertainties.
Direct estimation of porosity from seismic data using rock- and wave-physics-informed neural networks
Authors: Vashisth Divakar , Mukerji Tapan
Published: December 2022

Petrophysical inversion is an important aspect of reservoir modeling. However, due to the lack of a unique and straightforward relationship between seismic traces and rock properties, predicting petrophysical properties directly from seismic data is a complex task. Many studies have attempted to identify the direct end-to-end link using supervised machine learning techniques, but they face challenges such as lack of a large petrophysical training data set or estimates that may not conform with physics or depositional history of the rocks. We present a rock- and wave-physics-informed neural network (RW-PINN) model that can estimate porosity directly from seismic image traces with no wells or with a limited number of wells and with predictions that are consistent with rock physics and geologic knowledge of deposition. The RW-PINN takes advantage of auto-differentiation to compute the gradients across the rock- and wave-physics models. As an example, we use the uncemented-sand rock-physics model and normal-incidence wave physics to guide the learning of the RW-PINN to eventually get good estimates of porosities from normal-incidence seismic traces and limited well data. Training the RW-PINN with few wells (weakly supervised scenario) helps in tackling the problem of nonuniqueness as different porosity logs can give similar seismic traces. We use a weighted normalized root mean square error loss function to train the weakly supervised network and demonstrate the impact of different weights on porosity predictions. The RW-PINN's estimated porosities and seismic traces are compared to predictions from a completely supervised model, which gives slightly better porosity estimates but matches the seismic traces poorly and requires a large amount of labeled training data. We demonstrate the complete workflow for executing petrophysical inversion of seismic data using self-supervised or weakly supervised RW-PINNs.
Inclusion of seismic attributes in reservoir ensemble coverage analysis
Authors: Lie Espen Oen , Bhakta Tuhin , Sandø Ivar
Published: December 2022

There is a lack of quality-control (QC) methods to ensure measured seismic data are within the span of modeled seismic data in the context of ensemble-based seismic history matching of reservoir models. The dimensionality of seismic data makes it difficult to visualize the data and further compare them to the large number of ensembles in an efficient manner. Two attributes called coverage and importance are introduced to incorporate the key elements of reviewing an ensemble. The coverage attribute delineates where the set of models replicates the measured data, and the importance attribute identifies where it is important to fit the data above the noise threshold. The two attributes are then combined to highlight in which spatial area our reservoir model ensemble appropriately models the data and where a significant discrepancy exists between our ensemble of models and the measured data. The attributes are closely connected to noise, as coverage always must be analyzed in terms of the noise level. Although noise may not be explicitly corrected for, the methodology corrects the attributes for the noise assessed. The method is applied on two data examples from field seismic data: a 4D absolute difference amplitude map and a 4D relative impedance difference cube. The first example shows how changing the oil-water contact of the ensemble can improve the coverage without any history matching, and the second shows how it is more difficult to get a good coverage using 3D seismic attributes rather than using 2D maps of seismic data. The proposed QC attributes provide tools to better manage coverage of seismic data in the ensemble.
IMAGE Recap: Live and in person: IMAGE '22 brings geosciences — and geoscientists — together again
Authors: Brown Steve
Published: December 2022

After two years that saw professional society annual conventions vexed by the COVID-19 pandemic, close to 6000 were on hand and, importantly, in person for the Second International Meeting for Applied Geoscience and Energy (IMAGE) in Houston, 28 August to 1 September 2022.
Low-Intensity Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer in Older Women: Results From the Prospective Multicenter HOPE Trial
Authors: Sedrak Mina S. , Sun Can-Lan , Ji Jingran , Cohen Harvey J. , Gross Cary P. , Tew William P. , Klepin Heidi D. , Wildes Tanya M. , Dotan Efrat , Freedman Rachel A. , O'Connor Tracey , Chow Selina , Fenton Mary Ann , Moy Beverly , Chapman Andrew E. , Dale William , Katheria Vani , Kuderer Nicole M. , Lyman Gary H. , Magnuson Allison , Muss Hyman B.
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE

Older women with high-risk early breast cancer (EBC) benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy, but their treatment is frequently complicated by toxic side effects, resulting in dose reductions and delays. This makes it challenging for oncologists to maintain a relative dose intensity (RDI) ≥ 85%, as recommended for optimal curative-intent treatment. Understanding which women are at risk of receiving suboptimal RDI may inform treatment discussions and guide early, targeted supportive care or geriatric comanagement interventions.

METHODS

This was a prespecified secondary analysis of the HOPE trial, which enrolled women age ≥ 65 years with EBC initiating neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy. RDI was calculated as the ratio of delivered to planned chemotherapy dose intensity. The primary outcome was low RDI, defined as RDI < 85%. Multivariable logistic regression with stepwise selection was used to evaluate the association between baseline variables (demographic, clinical, and geriatric assessment) and low RDI. Survival probability was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test was used to compare overall survival.

RESULTS

Three hundred twenty-two patients (median age at diagnosis, 70 years; range, 65-86 years) were included. The median follow-up was 4 years. Sixty-six patients (21%) had a low RDI. Age ≥ 76 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.57; 95% CI, 1.12 to 5.91; P = .03), lower performance status (OR, 4.32; 95% CI, 1.98 to 9.42; P < .001), and use of anthracycline-based or cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil regimens (OR, 3.47; 95% CI, 1.71 to 7.05; P < .001) were associated with low RDI. The 5-year overall survival probability was 0.80 versus 0.91 in patients with RDI < 85 versus ≥ 85%, respectively (log-rank P = .02).

CONCLUSION

One in five older patients with EBC treated with standard chemotherapy received low RDI and had inferior survival outcomes. Older patients at risk for low RDI should be identified and targeted upfront before initiating chemotherapy.
Genu Valgum, Fractures, and Renal Stones in a 10-year-old Girl
Authors: Christensen Stephanie , Loomba Lindsey A
Published: December 2022

Rickets is a disorder of impaired bone mineralization that can arise from nutritional deficiencies and inherited conditions. We describe a 10-year-old girl presenting with genu valgum and a history of renal stones due to hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH), a rare inherited form of rickets characterized by high 1,25 vitamin D levels, hypophosphatemia with inappropriate renal phosphate wasting, and hypercalciuria. After the diagnosis was confirmed, she began treatment with phosphorus supplementation and stopped taking vitamin D, leading to improved bone mineral density and reduction in renal symptoms. Patients with HHRH can be distinguished from those with other forms of hypophosphatemic rickets by their high 1,25 vitamin D levels in conjunction with low to normal parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels. Genetic testing for SLC34A3 variants provides a definitive diagnosis.
Pit viper thermography: the pit organ used by crotaline snakes to detect thermal contrast has poor spatial resolution
Authors: Clark Rulon W. , Bakken George S. , Reed Evan J. , Soni Ashana
Published: December 2022

Pit vipers detect infrared radiation by means of temperature contrasts created on their pit organ membranes. Signals from pit organs integrate with visual signals in the optic tectum, leading to the conjecture that the facial pits operate as an extension of the visual system. Because similar mechanisms underlie thermal imaging technology, imagery from thermal cameras is often used to infer how pit vipers perceive their environment. However, pit organs lack a focusing mechanism, and biophysical models predict that pit organs should have poor spatial resolution compared with thermal imaging cameras. Nevertheless, behavioral studies occasionally suggest pits may have better resolution than predicted by biophysical models, indicating that processing in the central nervous system may improve imaging. To estimate the spatial resolution of the neural image informing behavior, we recorded snake responses evoked by targets moving across backgrounds composed of two contrasting temperatures with an average temperature equal to the target temperature. An unresolved background would appear uniform; thus, the target would be detectable only if the background pattern were resolved. Western rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus) displayed no statistically significant responses to targets presented in front of patterned backgrounds, regardless of the temperature contrasts or spatial frequencies within the background, but responded strongly to targets presented in front of homogeneous backgrounds. We found no evidence that the pit organ system can resolve spatial details subtending an angle of 9 deg or less. We discuss the implications of these results for understanding pit organ function in ecologically relevant habitats with thermal heterogeneity.
Terpolymer-Based Anion Exchange Membranes: Effect of Pendent Hexyl Groups on Membranes Properties
Authors: Ozawa Yoshihiro , Miyatake Kenji
Published: December 2022

In the pursuit of better functioning anion exchange membranes, pendent hexyl side chains were introduced onto terpolymers composed of perfluorohexylene (PHB), hexafluoroisopylidene (BAF), and quaternized fluorene groups. The resulting QBPHBA membranes exhibited similar water absorbability and gas (hydrogen and oxygen) permeability to those of the previous terpolymer-based AEMs without aliphatic side chains. In contrast, hexyl groups contributed to improving the OH− conductivity. The highest OH− conductivity (163 mS cm−1 at 80 °C) was achieved with the QBPHBA membrane with 2.49 meq. g−1 of ion exchange capacity (IEC). Furthermore, mechanical properties were also improved; the strain at break increased from 12% (BAF-containing copolymer membrane) to 284%. The terpolymer composition for the best-balanced properties turned out to be 17 mol% of the side-chain substituted PHB groups, in particular, with high IEC (2.49 meq. g−1).
Brain-based learning in design and visual arts education: a bibliometric assessment of Scopus indexed literature
Authors: El-Wakeel Hala A. , Abdellatif Reham , Eldardiry Dalia Hussain , Al-Saleh Deema F. , Shukri Mai I. , Ansari Khadeeja M N
Published: December 2022

Background: This study aims to critically review, quantify, and assess research outcomes on brain-based learning with an evidence-based study on Scopus indexed literature, with a focus to understand the evolution structure and growth, detect trends, subject development, and most importantly, identify the gaps in the published body of literature that relates brain-based learning to design and visual arts education.

Methods: Various scientometric tools were used to map, visualize, and analyze 186 research publications, indexed in Scopus in a twenty-year timespan ‘2001-2021’. Annual publication trends, relevant sources, prolific authors, authorship patterns, productive organizations and countries, funding agencies, keyword co-occurrence analysis, and thematic evolution mapping on brain-based learning publications were examined in this study.

Results: Despite the significance to apply brain-based learning strategies in design and visual arts education to boost students’ knowledge and creative skills, the findings show a decline in quantities and growth patterns in brain-based learning research directed towards design disciplines in the past twenty years. Among the identified (186) documents published in (128) sources, with (1013) citations, the study detected only (57) research (30%) that were related to ‘design education,’ including those focusing on ‘instructional design, ‘and ‘syllabus design’ whereas only (3) articles were in ‘design and visual arts’ disciplines.

Conclusion: These rather small numbers reflect the big gap in the current body of literature that associates brain-based learning with creativity-based disciplines, specifically in design and visual arts education. This infers the necessity to direct the attention of academics, researchers, and educationalists in the fields of design and arts towards brain-based learning applications, research and pedagogy.
Crenological Features of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Authors: Zieliński Artur , Choiński Adam
Published: December 2022

On the basis analysis of 53 hydrographic maps in the scale 1:50,000, an inventory of crenological objects in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship was made. A total of 462 of them were identyfied. Most of them are permanent springs, precisely 346, followed by: 60 permanent springs with intakes, then 34 periodic springs, 10 spring groups, 5 bog springs, 3 mineral springs, 3 observed springs and 1 other outflow. Moreover, the studies revealed the diversity and specificity of the region in terms of crenology. Total discharge of all springs is small as it was estimated at 459.04 dm3•s–1. The most efficient springs reach about 40 dm3•s–1 and only eight exceed 20 dm3•s–1. The total discharge of the 10 most efficient outflows amount to 258.6 dm3 s-1, which accounts for 56.3% of the output in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. In terms of the number of crenological objects, there is a clear difference between the mountain and highland identyfied. In the area of the Świętokrzyski National Park, 25 outflows were registered. Their total output is 6.5 dm3•s–1. At the same time, on the northern slopes of the Świętokrzyski National Park, 21 crenological objects with a total discharge of 5.5 dm3•s–1 were identyfied.
Circumferential resurfacing using the bilateral hypothenar free flaps in a patient with finger squamous cell carcinoma patient: a case report
Authors: Oh Joon seok , Choi Woosuk , Eun Seokchan
Published: December 2022

Soft tissue reconstruction of a circumferentially degloved finger is a major challenge. A 64-year-old male patient with underlying diabetes and hypertension presented with biopsy-proven squamous cell carcinoma involving his entire finger. The entirety of his finger was circumferentially degloved to obtain a safety margin. The finger was reconstructed using bilateral free hypothenar flap, and the patient recovered without any complications.
Przysposobienie wojskowe we Lwowskiej Chorągwi Harcerzy ZHP w okresie międzywojennym
Authors: Kozimala Irena
Published: December 2022

In the interwar period the scouting in the south-eastern voivodships of the Republic of Poland functioned as the Region of Polish Scouting and Guiding Association (ZHP) based in Lviv. Administratively, it covered the entire voivodeship of Tarnopol and Stanisławów, and most of Lviv. In the interwar period, efforts were made to include the military training in the Scouting Region and Detachment in Lviv. The Military Training and Physical Education Departments were established in the structures of Lviv Scouting Regiment and in a significant part of the scout troops. Both the military and scout authorities at the central level as well as the individual ZHP regions organized military training camps for older schoolchildren and students. The cooperation of the scouting with military units brought benefits to the scouting movement. The army made its base available for the organization of the summer camps and also provided logistic assistance. The skills acquired in the military training camps allowed the scouts to participate with great involvement in the defensive war of 1939, and then to create the structures of the Polish Underground State during the occupation.
Co sztuka i zabytki mają wspólnego z zasadą kadencyjności?
Authors: Podrecka Małgorzata
Published: December 2022

Summertime, vacation and … widespread travel restrictions that heavily impact the ability to meet others and visit places of interest, while encouraging curious people to read and learn about culture, art and philosophy. One of the crucial topics in Europe concerns the rebuilding and restoration of Notre-Dame de Paris, which is apparently not a new issue, as similar discussions were held about a century ago. One of the speakers at that time was Auguste Rodin, who very much wanted to preserve the Gothic character of the cathedral, without “improving” or “beautifying” its structure and interior to meet the modern standards. He spoke about essential elements of Gothic cathedrals. While reading Rodin’s essays on Gothic cathedrals, the author joins discussions and considerations about governance in the Social Committee for the Renovation of Historic Monuments in Kraków. Inspired by Rodin’s admiration for the essential elements of structure, the author finds that reaching out to the very essence of democratic institutions helps address governance issues. As a result, the author concludes that inclusiveness and the term of office are essential elements of governance in public organizations that are financed from public means.
When Bulldozers Loom: Informal Property Rights and Marketing Practice Innovation Among Emerging Market Microentrepreneurs
Authors: Hassan Magda , Prabhu Jaideep , Chandy Rajesh , Narasimhan Om
Published: December 2022

Our paper shows that in contexts where formal ownership of productive assets is limited, informal leasing has a strong positive impact on innovation in marketing practices.
PARENTAL ATTITUDES AND EXPECTATIONS AS A DETERMINANT OF CHILDREN’S SUCCESS IN SCHOOL
Authors: Gužíková Libuša , Mendelová Eleonóra
Published: December 2022

One of the determining factors of a child’s success in school is the parents’ attitude towards it, and the level of parents’ expectations from their child. The study explores the parent’s attitudes toward a child’s success in school and their expectations from them. The present study is based on reviewing the relevant literature on the topic and synthesising the key findings. The results of the study show that parents’ attitudes and expectations towards the school success are determined by their education level and the importance of education in the family. The findings indicate that parents’ positive attitudes towards education and the child are indicators of a child’s success in school. Parents’ higher expectations and aspirations were manifested in the highly educated families with higher socioeconomic status.
EVALUATION OF STUDENTS’ OPINION ON THEIR INVOLVEMENT IN THE ELECTORAL PROCESS IN KOSOVO
Authors: Kadriu Arian Besnik , Marmilova Ekaterina
Published: December 2022

The study explores the possibilities of increasing the involvement of young voters in the electoral process. It assesses the involvement of youth in the electoral process based on the responses of students majoring in Political Science and Jurisprudence in Kosovo. In-depth interviews were conducted as it is believed that the students in these areas are novice experts in the field of political science and jurisprudence. The research was conducted at UBT College is based in Prishtina, where students from different municipalities attain their higher education. It helps in identifying general trends in the country. The total number of students in each course is 80, every second student took part in the in-depth interview.  As a part of the study, it is required to confirm whether the demographic characteristics of respondents influence their participation in elections. The results of the study showed that majority of the respondents were females, in the age group of 18-24 years, currently living in Pristina and are studying at the university. In Kosovo there is a high involvement of youth in the elections (57.5%), students participating in elections strive to change the future of their country (34.8%). However, it is possible to increase voters’ turnout among youth by increasing their interest in elections (23.6%), aligning party programs and candidates with the political interests of the voters (17.5%), and by considering the reasons why the voter cannot come to the polling station on the election day (11.8%). Conclusions: The results indicate high electoral activity among youth. In view of the findings, there is an opportunity to increase the involvement of young voters in the electoral process, and to increase voters’ turnout rate among young people in Kosovo. The results of the study in Kosovo are compared with the results of a similar research in Russia. It is believed that in Kosovo youth participation in elections is seen as an opportunity to influence political decisions, bring changes in the political course of the country. The study also concludes that participation in elections is influenced by demographic characteristics of the respondents. It is identified that in future, no successful party can afford to neglect the category of young and female voters.
Pemanfaatan Kursi Roda Elektrik dengan Kendali Joystick Guna Meningkatkan Kemandirian Siswa Berkebutuhan Khusus di Sekolah Luar Biasa D Yayasan Pembinaan Anak Cacat Surabaya
Authors: Fatoni Muhammad Hilman , Suprayitno Eko Agus , Arifin Achmad , Hikmah Nada Fitrieyatul , Sardjono Tri Arief , Nuh Mohammad
Published: December 2022

Sekolah Luar Biasa Yayasan Pembinaan Anak Cacat (SLB YPAC) Surabaya merupakan yayasan pendidikan yang dirintis dan ditujukan untuk anak-anak yang mengalami cacat atau berkebutuhan khusus. SLB YPAC Surabaya berdiri dikhususkan untuk anak-anak penyandang disabilitas fisik atau tunadaksa. Anak Tunadaksa (ATD) mengalami hambatan dalam hal mobilitas dan gerak, baik pada bagian tangan, kaki, atau anggota tubuh lain yang berkaitan dengan motorik. Oleh karena itu mereka membutuhkan alat bantu seperti kursi roda, tongkat, brace, dan teknologi asistif lain untuk menggantikan fungsi anggota tubuh yang hilang. Meski dengan bantuan alat, kenyataannya mereka masih membutuhkan bantuan orang lain misalnya bagi pengguna kursi roda. Dengan kursi roda konvensional, setiap siswa akan membutuhkan pendampingan secara khusus untuk bergerak dan berpindah. Terlebih lagi, ketika siswa melewati permukaan miring atau medan yang sulit maka guru harus berperan secara langsung. Harga kursi roda elektrik yang mahal juga menjadi alasan kursi roda konvensional masih digunakan. Dengan masalah ini, tim telah mengembangkan kursi roda elektrik dengan kendali berupa joystick. Pada bulan Agustus 2021 telah dilaksanakan sosialisasi penggunaan kursi roda elektrik dengan joystick di SLB YPAC. Dan pada awal bulan November 2021 tim telah melakukan serah terima kursi roda elektrik kepada SLB YPAC. Dengan produk kursi roda elektrik yang dikendalikan menggunakan joystick, dapat dilipat, memiliki fitur sabuk dan meja diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kemandirian siswa SLB YPAC Surabaya dalam melakukan aktivitas mobilisasi.
Pemasyarakatan dan Pendampingan Sinergis Terhadap Pelaku Usaha Mikro di Surabaya Timur Guna Mendukung Proses Sertifikasi Halal
Authors: Savitri Niken Anggraini , Putra Rizki Revianto , Arvitrida Niniet Indah , Hartanto Dody , Vanany Iwan , Rusdiansyah Ahmad , Suparno Suparno , Satrya Trihanyndio Rendy
Published: December 2022

Undang-undang Jaminan Produk Halal telah menetapkan kewajiban bersertifikat halal bagi seluruh produk yang beredar dan diperdagangkan di Indonesia. Namun masih banyak pelaku UMKM yang belum melakukan sertifikasi halal terhadap produknya karena kurangnya pemahaman mengenai proses sertifikasi halal dan kendala pembiayaan. Untuk menangani persoalan tersebut, diadakan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang terdiri atas pemasyarakatan, pelatihan, dan pendampingan terkait proses produksi halal kepada para pemilik UMKM di kota Surabaya Timur. Sebanyak 14 UMKM telah mengikuti pelatihan penyelia halal dan mendapatkan pendampingan dalam proses pengajuan sertifikasi halal. Selain itu, pelaku UMKM juga didampingi dalam mengajukan Nomor Ijin Berusaha (NIB). Terdapat 12 UMKM yang telah mengajukan sertifikasi halal secara self-declare, sedangkan 2 UMKM mengajukan sertifikasi halal secara reguler.
Concerns surrounding application of artificial intelligence in hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Polisetty Teja S. , Jain Samagra , Pang Michael , Karnuta Jaret M. , Vigdorchik Jonathan M. , Nawabi Danyal H. , Wyles Cody C. , Ramkumar Prem N.
Published: December 2022

Literature surrounding artificial intelligence (AI)-related applications for hip and knee arthroplasty has proliferated. However, meaningful advances that fundamentally transform the practice and delivery of joint arthroplasty are yet to be realized, despite the broad range of applications as we continue to search for meaningful and appropriate use of AI. AI literature in hip and knee arthroplasty between 2018 and 2021 regarding image-based analyses, value-based care, remote patient monitoring, and augmented reality was reviewed. Concerns surrounding meaningful use and appropriate methodological approaches of AI in joint arthroplasty research are summarized. Of the 233 AI-related orthopaedics articles published, 178 (76%) constituted original research, while the rest consisted of editorials or reviews. A total of 52% of original AI-related research concerns hip and knee arthroplasty (n = 92), and a narrative review is described. Three studies were externally validated. Pitfalls surrounding present-day research include conflating vernacular (“AI/machine learning”), repackaging limited registry data, prematurely releasing internally validated prediction models, appraising model architecture instead of inputted data, withholding code, and evaluating studies using antiquated regression-based guidelines. While AI has been applied to a variety of hip and knee arthroplasty applications with limited clinical impact, the future remains promising if the question is meaningful, the methodology is rigorous and transparent, the data are rich, and the model is externally validated. Simple checkpoints for meaningful AI adoption include ensuring applications focus on: administrative support over clinical evaluation and management; necessity of the advanced model; and the novelty of the question being answered.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(12):1292–1303.
In The Wake: Black Girl Lessons on Collective Care
Authors: Reynolds Aja
Published: December 2022

This article centers Black girl leadership as a survival guide in this unprecedented moment of combating two pandemics, Covid-19 and extrajudicial killings of Black people. I recall lessons learned during my ethnographic research with Black girls in Chicago in which loss and grieving was often and premature. This piece is a response to Christina Sharpe’s “wake work” conceptualization that challenges the collective care Black people specifically must engage both with our living and dead.
Understanding Characteristics and Predictors of Admission From the Emergency Department for Patients With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Acosta Elisha M. , Dongarwar Deepa , Everett Tara , Salihu Hamisu M.
Published: December 2022

The goal of this investigation is to compare rates of admission from the emergency department (ED) and the characteristics of patients with intellectual disability (ID) who get admitted from the ED. This was a retrospective study using data from the United States' Nationwide Emergency Data Sample (NEDS) to investigate the associations between the diagnosis of ID and admission to the hospital in patients ≥ 18 years during the years 2016–2017. Adults with ID were almost four times as likely to be admitted to the hospital from the ED as patients who were not identified as having ID. Identifying the major contributors to increased admission for patients with ID may help improve their care.
The Optical Pushbroom in action
Authors: Broderick N. G. R. , Taverner D. , Richardson D. J. , Ibsen M. , Laming R. I.
Published: December 2022

The area of nonlinear pulse interactions in Bragg grating structures, although largely unexplored, contains many interesting and novel effects. Perhaps the simplest of these is the CW switching of a weak probe by a strong pump. Recall that a Bragg grating reflects strongly around the Bragg resonance frequency ω0 which is inversely proportion to the average refractive index. In a nonlinear medium the presence of a strong pump alters the refractive index, and thus frequencies which were reflected (or transmitted) by the grating can be transmitted (or reflected). This effect was first seen by LaRochelle et al. in 19901 and to date this is the only experimental work done in this area. However since then considerable theoretical work has been done onpulse interactions2 in fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs). Also experimental reports of nonlinear propagation in FBGs have started appearing in the literature3,4. A major factor in this upsurge of interest has been the development of techniques for writing long gratings at arbitrary wavelengths using the side illumination of fibres with UV light. This fact coupled with the latest generation of high power fibre sources allows the exploration of pulse interactions in FBGs in great detail.
Bragg Grating Fabrication in Fibers by Near-UV Light
Authors: Starodubov D. S. , Grubsky V. , Feinberg J.
Published: December 2022

The photosensitivity of germanosilicate fibers has been tied to the presence of germanium oxygen-deficient defects (GODC) [1,2]. These defects are identified by a strong absorption peak at 240 nm and a weaker absorption peak at 330 nm (Fig. 1) [3]. The microscopic model of these defects is still debated [4-7]; however, the three-level model of the defect shown in Fig. 2 nicely explains the defect’s main spectroscopic features [4]. It was thought that color center formation due to photoionization of defects by 240 nm light was the principal mechanism of index change (through the Kramers-Kronig relation) [8]. However recent tension measurements and observations of glass densification after UV exposure suggest that a structural transformation of the glass occurs [9,10].
157-nm Photosensitivity in Germanosilicate Waveguides
Authors: Herman Peter R. , Beckley Keith , Ness Sola
Published: December 2022

In standard optical communication fiber, low Ge-dopant levels (~3%-GeO2) preclude strong photosensitivity responses, restricting index-of-refraction changes to 1-4 × 10-4 [1,2]. Type II index changes that rely on high laser fluence are less attractive because of material damage [3,4]. Therefore, sensitization techniques such as hydrogen loading [5], high germanium concentration [6], and flame brushing [7] are frequently employed to provide commercially attractive index-of-refraction changes of >10-3. However, this improved sensitivity trades against poor coupling efficiency and inconvenience when exposed fibers are connected into ordinary telecommunication networks.
The Effect of Profile Noise on the Spectral Response of Fiber Gratings
Authors: Ouellette François
Published: December 2022

Fiber Bragg gratings are now finding more and more commercial applications, particularly in Wavelength-Division-Multiplexed (WDM) optical communication systems. For such systems, the fiber grating response must meet stringent requirements of wavelength accuracy, stability, bandwidth, channel isolation and, for dispersion compensators, group delay ripple. It is important for fiber grating manufacturers to understand the factors that can degrade the response of a fiber grating, and what tolerances this places on the manufacturing system.
Analysis of an optical frequency-hop encoder with strain-tuned Bragg gratings
Authors: Fathallah H. , LaRochelle S. , Rusch L. A.
Published: December 2022

In optical communication systems, fiber gratings have been used to perform chromatic dispersion compensation, gain equalization, pulse compression, soliton pulse shaping, add/drop switching and channel filtering for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems [1,2]. Recently Chen et al. studied a multiple grating structure that could be used to achieve spectral slicing in WDM and CDMA systems [3]. In this paper we propose a tunable multiple-grating fiber for frequency-hop encoding-decoding operations. To our knowledge, this is the first proposal for frequency-hop code division multiple access (FH-CDMA) in optical fiber local area networks.
Effects of doping of H2O and Na on second-order nonlinearity in poled silica glass
Authors: Imai Hiroaki , Horinouchi Suguru , Asakuma Naoko , Fukao Kazuhiro , Matsuki Daizaburo , Hiroshima Hiroshi , Sasaki Keisuke
Published: December 2022

Large second-order nonlinearity was reported to be induced in the near-surface region of commercial fused silica1 and in the whole region of sol-gel derived silica glass2 by thermal poling. The origin of the nonlinearity was suggested to be diffusion of Na+ for the former and OH groups for the later. To control the nonlinearity of silica glass and clarify the effects of the impurities, we investigated second harmonic generation (SHG) from silica glass doped with H2O and Na.
The Influence of Phase Mask Stitch Errors on the Performance of UV-written Bragg Gratings
Authors: Liu X. , De La Rue R. M. , Marques P. V. S. , Thoms S. , Aitchison J. S. , Everall L. A. , Williams J. A. R. , Bennion I.
Published: December 2022

Bragg gratings produced by direct UV exposure are finding wide-spread applications in fields ranging from telecommunications to optical sensing. In order to produce such fibre gratings a great deal of research has been directed to the use of electron beam lithography for direct writing of the phase masks [1]. The technique allows very precise structures (grating period < 100 nm) to be defined over large areas up to 140 × 140 mm2. Phase mask are generated by stitching small (400 μm x 400 μm) electron beam fields together. It is therefore important to understand the nature of the various stitching errors which can occur and their effect on the corresponding UV written fibre grating spectra. Here we report the spectroscopic effect of one sign stitching errors which has the characteristic of shifting the grating in a field to one direction (left or right) only along the grating axis.
Polarization-independent strong Bragg gratings in Planar Lightwave Circuits from ArF laser irradiation through a phase mask.
Authors: Albert J. , Bilodeau F. , Johnson D. C. , Hill K. O. , Mihailov S. J. , Stryckman D. , Kitagawa T. , Hibino Y.
Published: December 2022

Highly functional Planar Lightwave Circuits (PLC) can be designed using silica-on-silicon waveguide technology,1 and the possibility of writing Bragg gratings in such waveguides further enhances their potential uses.2 Strong Bragg gratings photoinduced in planar silica-on-silicon waveguides with a germanium-doped core are usually obtained by high pressure hydrogen loading of the glass prior to exposure.2,3 In the work presented here we demonstrate that hydrogen loading is not necessary when high intensity light at 193 nm from an ArF laser is used to produce the index change, an effect originally observed in germanium-doped optical fibers.4,5 The waveguides used are standard PLCs with a core index difference (Δ) of 0.75% (commercially available) and 1%.1 One drawback of silica-on-silicon waveguides is their small strain birefringence.6,7 We show here that there is a sizeable birefringence in the ArF laser-induced average index change that is large enough and of the proper sign to compensate for the initial waveguide birefringence. For demonstration, 4 mm-long Bragg grating filters with more than 30 dB of transmission loss at the Bragg wavelength are presented.
Optical space domain reflectometry (OSDR) for determination of strength and chirp distribution along optical fiber gratings
Authors: Brinkmeyer Ernst , Stolze Gunnar , Johlen Dietmar
Published: December 2022

Fiber gratings are primarily characterized by the distribution of grating strength and chirp along the structure. These properties are comprised in the complex coupling coefficient κ(z). Whilst for simple fiber gratings used in simple applications the ability to determine the complete, complex distribution of the coupling coefficient κ(z) may be of secondary importance, it is useful and sometimes mandatory for evaluating more complicated designs, e.g. those based on localized phase shifts to create transmission windows in the stop band, Fabry-Perot structures, dispersion compensating gratings etc.
Mechanical Reliability of UV Irradiated Fibers: Application to Bragg Grating Fabrication
Authors: Limberger H.G. , Varelas D. , Salathé R.P.
Published: December 2022

Intra core fiber grating components [1] like reflection-, transmission-, and loss filters play a major role in telecommunication [2] and sensor networks [3]. The reliability of such components is crucial since survival times of up to 50 years are needed. The fiber strength that characterizes the mechanical reliability is determined by the distribution of intrinsic and extrinsic defects, called flaws. Intrinsic and extrinsic flaws are related to defects in the silica bond structure and surface microcracks due to fiber manufacturing, respectively. UV absorption in the fiber core creates new intrinsic defects leading to a core tension increase due to compaction of the glass structure [4]. In this paper we report on the mechanical reliability of fibers irradiated by UV light using the side exposure technique [5]. Homogeneous excimer laser irradiation reduces the mechanical resistance considerably depending on the fluence per pulse [6, 7] and the laser wavelength [8]. With increasing pulse energy density the mechanical resistance is lowered. In contrary, homogeneous CW irradiated fibers show almost the same fiber strength as compared with pristine fiber [9].
Reliability predictions on fiber gratings through alternate methods
Authors: Kannan Sriraman , Lemaire Paul J. , Guo Jerry , LuValle Michael J.
Published: December 2022

Numerous advances have been made since the discovery of photosensitivity in optical fibers [1], but none perhaps more significant than fiber based gratings. Gratings are modulated refractive index patterns inscribed in the core of photosensitive optical fibers. In Bragg gratings, light propagating down the fiber length is selectively reflected at the wavelength which satisfies the Bragg condition. Long period gratings which involve coupling into forward propagating cladding modes are a second type of fiber based gratings. Gratings are most commonly written in fibers with germanium doped silica core. Photosensitivity has been also been demonstrated in germanosilicate fibers with codopants such as boron [2] and tin [3]. It has also been shown [4] that “loading” fibers with hydrogen or deuterium, greatly enhances their photosensitivity. This facilitates easy writing of gratings even in compositions that are otherwise minimally photosensitive, for instance, in phosphorus doped silica fiber [5].
Chirped Moiré Fibre Gratings Operating on two Wavelength-Channels for use as Dual Channel Dispersion Compensators
Authors: Ibsen Morten , Durkin Michael K. , Laming Richard I.
Published: December 2022

Dispersion compensation is necessary in order to allow high data rate transmission through the installed standard fibre links. Several dispersion compensation techniques exists, including dispersion compensating fibre, phase conjugation and chirped fibre gratings. Of these, chirped fibre gratings offer many advantages including compactness, low-loss and low nonlinearity. Recent error-free 10 Gbit/s and 40 Gbit/s transmission experiments at 1.55 μm over 109 km of standard fibre together with the possibility of simultaneous compensation of 2nd and 3rd order dispersion confirm the potential of this solution [1,2,3].
Dispersion Compensation Gratings
Authors: Laming Richard I. , Ibsen M. , Durkin M. , Cole M.J. , Zervas M.N. , Ennser K.E. , Gusmeroli V.
Published: December 2022

Broadband Chirped fibre gratings allow the upgrade of the existing non-dispersion shifted fibre network to high data rate operation within the 1.55μm low-loss window. The design, fabrication, performance and application of these devices is covered.
Fundamentals of Glass Poling: From Self-Organization to Electric-Field Poling
Authors: Kazansky Peter G. , Pruneri Valerio
Published: December 2022

One decade has passed since the discovery of self-organized (photoinduced quasi-phase-matched) second-harmonic generation (SHG) in optical fibers [1-2]. This discovery has attracted considerable interest world-wide [3-16] due to the unusually strong χ(2) (second-order susceptibility) gratings induced purely by optical fields in glass (10−15-10−16 m/V, which were 4-5 orders of magnitude higher than one could explain by known physical processes). In 1991 the value of χ(2) has been increased to a new level of 1 pm/V by thermal poling [26]. In this paper we discuss fundamentals of glass poling, trying to answer the question: What is the limit of a second-order nonlinearity in glass?
Creating a second order nonlinearity and a waveguide in soft glasses by poling
Authors: Margulis W. , Garcia F. C. , Hering E. N. , Carvalho I. C. S. , Lesche B. , Laurell F.
Published: December 2022

Soft glasses, such as soda lime are the often used in waveguide fabrication by ion exchange. They are also cheap, readily available, and are potentially a base material for active components in fiber-to-the-home systems. Therefore, waveguide modulators based on poled soda lime glass are of great interest. In this work we demonstrate that it is possible to induce a large second-order optical nonlinearity in soda lime and borosilicate glass with the electro-thermal poling procedure described by Myers et al1. We also demonstrate a scheme based on poling to record single-mode waveguides in soda lime.
Electro-thermal poling of microfibers
Authors: Carvalho I. C. S. , Cordeiro C.M.B. , Guedes Valente L. C. , Hering E. N. , Margulis W. , Laurell F. , Stubbe R.
Published: December 2022

In-fiber modulators are extremely attractive for telecommunication applications, and electro-thermal polin can be used to induce the necessary second-order nonlinearity in the glass fiber [1]. Long et al. have recently reported a way of mounting and poling D-fibers that is extensible to volume manufacturing and a relatively low voltage modulator has been demonstrated [2]. D-fibers are rugged, particularly if inbeded i a resin such as polyimide, but restrict the choice of available fibers, are not easily spliced, and a part of the voltage applied externally is wasted in biasing the cladding, unless further polishing/etching is used to remove the cladding and leave only the core region of the fiber. In the present work, we describe an alternative approach to making a fiber modulator, where pieces of conventional fiber are used, the central part of which is etched to the core and subsequently poled. After etching, the fibers have a diameter of ~10 μm and therefore are referred to as microfibers. Microfibers are surprisingly strong for their diameter and have some unique advantages. They can be fabricated with any fiber, the two ends that are not etched are truly easily spliceable, and the applied voltage during poling and in later use of the modulator develops mainly in the core, ensuring a large overlap integral.