bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic review and meta-analysis of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation among Ph.D. students
Authors: Satinsky Emily N. , Kimura Tomoki , Kiang Mathew V. , Abebe Rediet , Cunningham Scott , Lee Hedwig , Lin Xiaofei , Liu Cindy H. , Rudan Igor , Sen Srijan , Tomlinson Mark , Yaver Miranda , Tsai Alexander C.
Published: July 2021

University administrators and mental health clinicians have raised concerns about depression and anxiety among Ph.D. students, yet no study has systematically synthesized the available evidence in this area. After searching the literature for studies reporting on depression, anxiety, and/or suicidal ideation among Ph.D. students, we included 32 articles. Among 16 studies reporting the prevalence of clinically significant symptoms of depression across 23,469 Ph.D. students, the pooled estimate of the proportion of students with depression was 0.24 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.18–0.31; I2 = 98.75%). In a meta-analysis of the nine studies reporting the prevalence of clinically significant symptoms of anxiety across 15,626 students, the estimated proportion of students with anxiety was 0.17 (95% CI, 0.12–0.23; I2 = 98.05%). We conclude that depression and anxiety are highly prevalent among Ph.D. students. Data limitations precluded our ability to obtain a pooled estimate of suicidal ideation prevalence. Programs that systematically monitor and promote the mental health of Ph.D. students are urgently needed.
Effect of prone position on respiratory parameters, intubation and death rate in COVID-19 patients: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Behesht Aeen Fatemeh , Pakzad Reza , Goudarzi Rad Mohammad , Abdi Fatemeh , Zaheri Farzaneh , Mirzadeh Narges
Published: July 2021

Prone position (PP) is known to improve oxygenation and reduce mortality in COVID-19 patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effects of PP on respiratory parameters and outcomes. PubMed, EMBASE, ProQuest, SCOPUS, Web of Sciences, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar were searched up to 1st January 2021. Twenty-eight studies were included. The Cochran's Q-test and I2 statistic were assessed heterogeneity, the random-effects model was estimated the pooled mean difference (PMD), and a meta-regression method has utilized the factors affecting heterogeneity between studies. PMD with 95% confidence interval (CI) of PaO2/FIO2 Ratio in before–after design, quasi-experimental design and in overall was 55.74, 56.38, and 56.20 mmHg. These values for Spo2 (Sao2) were 3.38, 17.03, and 7.58. PP in COVID-19 patients lead to significantly decrease of the Paco2 (PMD: − 8.69; 95% CI − 14.69 to − 2.69 mmHg) but significantly increase the PaO2 (PMD: 37.74; 95% CI 7.16–68.33 mmHg). PP has no significant effect on the respiratory rate. Based on meta-regression, the study design has a significant effect on the heterogeneity of Spo2 (Sao2) (Coefficient: 12.80; p < 0.001). No significant associations were observed for other respiratory parameters with sample size and study design. The pooled estimate for death rate and intubation rates were 19.03 (8.19–32.61) and 30.68 (21.39–40.75). The prone positioning was associated with improved oxygenation parameters and reduced mortality and intubation rate in COVID-19 related respiratory failure.
The effect of decongestion on nasal airway patency and airflow
Authors: Xiao Qiwei , Bates Alister J. , Cetto Raul , Doorly Denis J.
Published: July 2021

Nasal decongestant reduces blood flow to the nasal turbinates, reducing tissue volume and increasing nasal airway patency. This study maps the changes in nasal anatomy and measures how these changes affect nasal resistance, flow partitioning between superior and inferior cavity, flow patterns and wall shear stress. High-resolution MRI was applied to capture nasal anatomy in 10 healthy subjects before and after application of a topical decongestant. Computational fluid dynamics simulated nasal airflow at steady inspiratory flow rates of 15 L.min$$^{-1}$$

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1

and 30 L.min$$^{-1}$$

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1

. The results show decongestion mainly increases the cross-sectional area in the turbinate region and SAVR is reduced (median approximately 40$$\%$$
%
reduction) in middle and lower parts of the cavity. Decongestion reduces nasal resistance by 50$$\%$$
%
on average, while in the posterior cavity, nasal resistance decreases by a median factor of approximately 3 after decongestion. We also find decongestant regularises nasal airflow and alters the partitioning of flow, significantly decreasing flow through the superior portions of the nasal cavity. By comparing nasal anatomies and airflow in their normal state with that when pharmacologically decongested, this study provides data for a broad range of anatomy and airflow conditions, which may help characterize the extent of nasal variability.
Associations between lifetime classic psychedelic use and cardiometabolic diseases
Authors: Simonsson Otto , Osika Walter , Carhart-Harris Robin , Hendricks Peter S.
Published: July 2021

The objective of the current study was to investigate the associations between lifetime classic psychedelic use and cardiometabolic diseases. Using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2005–2014), the present study examined the associations between lifetime classic psychedelic use and two types of cardiometabolic disease: heart disease and diabetes. Respondents who reported having tried a classic psychedelic at least once in their lifetime had lower odds of heart disease in the past year (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.77 (0.65–0.92), p = .006) and lower odds of diabetes in the past year (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.88 (0.78–0.99), p = .036). Classic psychedelic use might be beneficial for cardiometabolic health, but more research is needed to investigate potential causal pathways of classic psychedelics on cardiometabolic diseases.
Circulating immune biomarkers in peripheral blood correlate with clinical outcomes in advanced breast cancer
Authors: Palazón-Carrión Natalia , Jiménez-Cortegana Carlos , Sánchez-León M. Luisa , Henao-Carrasco Fernando , Nogales-Fernández Esteban , Chiesa Massimo , Caballero Rosalía , Rojo Federico , Nieto-García María-Adoración , Sánchez-Margalet Víctor , de la Cruz-Merino Luis ,   the Spanish Breast Cancer Group (GEICAM) and the Spanish Group for Immunobiotherapy of Cancer (GÉTICA)
Published: July 2021

Identification of the different elements intervening at the tumor microenvironment seems key to explain clinical evolution in several tumor types. In this study, a set of immune biomarkers (myeloid derived suppressor cells, regulatory T cells, and OX40 + and PD-1 + T lymphocytes counts) in peripheral blood of patients diagnosed with advanced breast cancer were analyzed along of first line antineoplastic therapy. Subsequently, a comparison between groups with clinical benefit versus progression of disease and with a healthy women cohort was executed. Results reflected that patients showed higher basal levels of myeloid derived suppressor cells (35.43, IR = 180.73 vs 17.53, IR = 16.96 cells/μl; p = 0.001) and regulatory T cells (32.05, IR = 29.84 vs 22.61, IR = 13.57 cells/μl; p = 0.001) in comparison with healthy women. Furthermore, an increase in the number of activated T lymphocytes (expressing OX40), a decrease of immune inhibitory cells (MDSCs and Tregs) and inhibited T lymphocytes (expressing PD-1) were observed along the treatment in patients with clinical benefit (p ≤ 0.001). The opposite trend was observed in the case of disease progression. These findings suggest that some critical immune elements can be easily detected and measured in peripheral blood, which open a new opportunity for translational research, as they seem to be correlated with clinical evolution, at least in ABC.
Drinking coffee enhances neurocognitive function by reorganizing brain functional connectivity
Authors: Kim Hayom , Kang Sung Hoon , Kim Soon Ho , Kim Seong Hwan , Hwang Jihyeon , Kim Jae-Gyum , Han Kyungreem , Kim Jung Bin
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the mechanisms underlying effects of coffee on cognition in the context of brain networks. Here we investigated functional connectivity before and after drinking coffee using graph-theoretic analysis of electroencephalography (EEG). Twenty-one healthy adults voluntarily participated in this study. The resting-state EEG data and results of neuropsychological tests were consecutively acquired before and 30 min after coffee consumption. Graph analyses were performed and compared before and after coffee consumption. Correlation analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between changes in graph measures and those in cognitive function tests. Functional connectivity (FC) was reorganized toward more efficient network properties after coffee consumption. Performance in Digit Span tests and Trail Making Test Part B improved after coffee consumption, and the improved performance in executive function was correlated with changes in graph measures, reflecting a shift toward efficient network properties. The beneficial effects of coffee on cognitive function might be attributed to the reorganization of FC toward more efficient network properties. Based on our findings, the patterns of network reorganization could be used as quantitative markers to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of coffee on cognition, especially executive function.
Fixation eye movement abnormalities and stereopsis recovery following strabismus repair
Authors: Martin Talora L. , Murray Jordan , Garg Kiran , Gallagher Charles , Shaikh Aasef G. , Ghasia Fatema F.
Published: July 2021

We evaluated the effects of strabismus repair on fixational eye movements (FEMs) and stereopsis recovery in patients with fusion maldevelopment nystagmus (FMN) and patients without nystagmus. Twenty-one patients with strabismus, twelve with FMN and nine without nystagmus, were tested before and after strabismus repair. Eye-movements were recorded during a gaze-holding task under monocular viewing conditions. Fast (fixational saccades and quick phases of nystagmus) and slow (inter-saccadic drifts and slow phases of nystagmus) FEMs and bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA) were analyzed in the viewing and non-viewing eye. Strabismus repair improved the angle of strabismus in subjects with and without FMN, however patients without nystagmus were more likely to have improvement in stereoacuity. The fixational saccade amplitudes and intersaccadic drift velocities in both eyes decreased after strabismus repair in subjects without nystagmus. The slow phase velocities were higher in patients with FMN compared to inter-saccadic drifts in patients without nystagmus. There was no change in the BCEA after surgery in either group. In patients without nystagmus, the improvement of the binocular function (stereopsis), as well as decreased fixational saccade amplitude and intersaccadic drift velocity, could be due, at least partially, to central adaptive mechanisms rendered possible by surgical realignment of the eyes. The absence of improvement in patients with FMN post strabismus repair likely suggests the lack of such adaptive mechanisms in patients with early onset infantile strabismus. Assessment of fixation eye movement characteristics can be a useful tool to predict functional improvement post strabismus repair.
Placental response to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Mourad Mirella , Jacob Taylor , Sadovsky Elena , Bejerano Shai , Simone Glicella Salazar-De , Bagalkot Tarique Rajasaheb , Zucker Jason , Yin Michael T. , Chang Jennifer Y. , Liu Lihong , Debelenko Larisa , Shawber Carrie J. , Firestein Morgan , Ouyang Yingshi , Gyamfi-Bannerman Cynthia , Penn Anna , Sorkin Alexander , Wapner Ronald , Sadovsky Yoel
Published: July 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected people at all ages. Whereas pregnant women seemed to have a worse course of disease than age-matched non-pregnant women, the risk of feto-placental infection is low. Using a cohort of 66 COVID-19-positive women in late pregnancy, we correlated clinical parameters with disease severity, placental histopathology, and the expression of viral entry and Interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) antiviral transcripts. All newborns were negative for SARS-CoV-2. None of the demographic parameters or placental histopathological characteristics were associated with disease severity. The fetal-maternal transfer ratio for IgG against the N or S viral proteins was commonly less than one, as recently reported. We found that the expression level of placentalACE2,but notTMPRSS2orFurin,was higher in women with severe COVID-19. Placental expression of IFITM1 and IFITM3, which have been implicated in antiviral response, was higher in participants with severe disease. We also showed that IFITM3 protein expression, which localized to early and late endosomes, was enhanced in severe COVID-19. Our data suggest an association between disease severity and placental SARS-CoV-2 processing and antiviral pathways, implying a role for these proteins in placental response to SARS-CoV-2.
Australia’s Black Summer pyrocumulonimbus super outbreak reveals potential for increasingly extreme stratospheric smoke events
Authors: Peterson David A. , Fromm Michael D. , McRae Richard H. D. , Campbell James R. , Hyer Edward J. , Taha Ghassan , Camacho Christopher P. , Kablick George P. , Schmidt Chris C. , DeLand Matthew T.
Published: July 2021

The Black Summer fire season of 2019–2020 in southeastern Australia contributed to an intense ‘super outbreak’ of fire-induced and smoke-infused thunderstorms, known as pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb). More than half of the 38 observed pyroCbs injected smoke particles directly into the stratosphere, producing two of the three largest smoke plumes observed at such altitudes to date. Over the course of 3 months, these plumes encircled a large swath of the Southern Hemisphere while continuing to rise, in a manner consistent with existing nuclear winter theory. We connect cause and effect of this event by quantifying the fire characteristics, fuel consumption, and meteorology contributing to the pyroCb spatiotemporal evolution. Emphasis is placed on the unusually long duration of sustained pyroCb activity and anomalous persistence during nighttime hours. The ensuing stratospheric smoke plumes are compared with plumes injected by significant volcanic eruptions over the last decade. As the second record-setting stratospheric pyroCb event in the last 4 years, the Australian super outbreak offers new clues on the potential scale and intensity of this increasingly extreme fire-weather phenomenon in a warming climate.
Progress and perspectives on directing group-assisted palladium-catalysed C–H functionalisation of amino acids and peptides
Authors: Shabani Sadegh , Wu Yuezhou , Ryan Hannah G. , Hutton Craig A.
Published: July 2021

A review of Pd-assisted, directing-group mediated C–H functionalisation of amino acids and peptides.
Nanoscience and quantum science-led biocidal and antiviral strategies
Authors: Zare Mina , Thomas Vinoy , Ramakrishna Seeram
Published: July 2021

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) caused the COVID-19 pandemic.
Unique 1D/2D Bi2O2CO3 nanorod-Bi2WO6 nanosheet heterostructure: synthesis and photocatalytic performance
Authors: Qian Hao-Zhi , Wang Bo , Liu Meng-Ting , Zhao Nan-Nan , Wang Zheng-Hua , Peng Yin
Published: July 2021

A novel 1D/2D Bi2O2CO3–Bi2WO6 heterostructure was synthesized by high temperature calcination. These 1D/2D Bi2O2CO3–Bi2WO6 heterostructures displayed an outstanding photocatalytic activity to degrade organic compounds.
Artificial light-harvesting 2D photosynthetic systems with iron phthalocyanine/graphitic carbon nitride composites for highly efficient CO2 reduction
Authors: Mo Yiping , Wang Chun , Xiao Longfei , Chen Wenxing , Lu Wangyang
Published: July 2021

Fabricating high-efficient 2D artificial photosynthetic systems for CO2 reduction based on phthalocyanine/graphitic carbon nitride composites.
A NiS co-catalyst decorated Zn3In2S6/g-C3N4 type-II ball-flower-like nanosphere heterojunction for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Ji Xiang-yin , Guo Rui-tang , Lin Zhi-dong , Hong Long-fei , Yuan Ye , Pan Wei-guo
Published: July 2021

Promoting the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs and enhancing the charge carrier transfer are critical in photocatalysis.
Multi-core yolk–shell-structured Bi2Se3@C nanocomposite as an anode for high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhu Yaqin , Zhao Jiachang , Li Lanjie , Xu Jingli , Zhao Xinxin , Mi Yiming , Jin Jun
Published: July 2021

The unique structural features of the multi-core yolk–shell Bi2Se3@C nanocomposites enhance the electrical conductivity and alleviate the mechanical strain during Li+ insertion/extraction.
Lycopene modulates lipid metabolism in rats and their offspring under a high-fat diet
Authors: Cao Chunyu , Sun Shishuai , Li Jibo , Song Chunsheng , Meng Qingwei , Shi Baoming , Shan Anshan
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of lycopene supplementation on lipid metabolism in rats and their offspring.
Sustainable oxygen evolution catalysis – electrochemical generation of mössbauerite via corrosion engineering of steel
Authors: Weiß Sebastian , Radha A. V. , Ertl Michael , McCammon Catherine , Breu Josef
Published: July 2021

An electrochemical steel corrosion process to generate the iron-only oxygen evolution catalyst mössbauerite with earth-abundant and non-hazardous materials is described.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of N6 derivatives of 8-azapurine as novel antiplatelet agents
Authors: Zhao Zhichang , Wang Yeming , Tian Nana , Yan Hong , Wang Juan
Published: July 2021

Two series of novel N6 derivatives of 8-azapurine I and II were designed as antiplatelet agents.
Photoactive PtII and PdII complexes of N,N-diethyl-N′-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoylthiourea: synthesis, crystal structures, DFT and cytotoxicity studies
Authors: Nkabyo H. A. , Oyenihi O. R. , Olaoye O. , Sikiti P. , Bosman G. W. , Luckay R. C.
Published: July 2021

New trans-PdII/PtII acylthiourea complexes prepared by photo-induced isomerism are found to be more cytotoxic than cis-PdII/PtII against human prostate cancer and normal embryonic kidney cell lines.
Quasi-solid electrolyte developed on hierarchical rambutan-like γ-AlOOH microspheres with high ionic conductivity for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Gao Mengmeng , Wu Xiaolei , Yi Shuhong , Sun Shuwei , Yu Caiyan , Yan Dong , Yang Hui Ying , Zhao Huiling , Bai Ying
Published: July 2021

The γ-AlOOH-QSE was firstly fabricated with a rambutan-like yolk–shell structure, exhibiting an ionic conductivity of 4.0 × 10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature and compatibility with Li anode electrode in high energy density Li metal batteries.
New dinuclear zinc(ii) complexes with Schiff bases obtained from o-phenylenediamine and their application as fluorescent materials in spin coating deposition
Authors: Barwiolek Magdalena , Jankowska Dominika , Chorobinski Mateusz , Kaczmarek-Kędziera Anna , Łakomska Iwona , Wojtulewski Slawomir , Muzioł Tadeusz M.
Published: July 2021

Tin fluorescent materials were obtained using a spin coating method.
A defect-rich ultrathin MoS2/rGO nanosheet electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Zhang Songlin , Xie Yujiao , Yang Mengna , Li Zhongying , Zhang Lulu , Guo Jiahao , Tang Jing , Chen Junming , Wang Xuchun
Published: July 2021

A column-like MoS2/rGO with rich-defects nanosheets was prepared. The column-like structure, ultrathin nanosheets and the interaction of Mo atoms with graphene, and rich-defects is the guarantee of the outstanding ORR performance.
Substitution reactivity and structural variability induced by tryptamine on the biomimetic rhenium tricarbonyl complex
Authors: Jacobs Frederick J. F. , Venter Gertruida J. S. , Fourie Eleanor , Kroon Robin E. , Brink Alice
Published: July 2021

The biomimetic tryptamine rhenium tricarbonyl complex shows rapid substitution reactivity on the 6th position as well as cytotoxicity and photoluminescence capability induced by the salicylidene bidentate ligand.
High-performance solution-processed Ti3C2Tx MXene doped ZnSnO thin-film transistors via the formation of a two-dimensional electron gas
Authors: Zhao Tianshi , Liu Chenguang , Zhao Chun , Xu Wangying , Liu Yina , Mitrovic Ivona Z. , Lim Eng Gee , Yang Li , Zhao Ce Zhou
Published: July 2021

The optimization of solution-processed ZTO TFTs was successfully realized by fabricating a channel layer into a homojunction structure (MXene doped ZTO/ZTO) to form a 2DEG. The device shows excellent electrical performance with a maximum annealing temperature of ≤300 °C.
Linkage engineering mediated carriers transfer and surface reaction over carbon nitride for enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Yang Shilian , Wang Qian , Wang Qiuchen , Li Gen , Zhao Tianxiang , Chen Peng , Liu Fei , Yin Shuang-Feng
Published: July 2021

Rational tailoring of the atomic structure of photocatalysts with multiple functions to enhance the carrier transfer efficiency and surface activation of carbon nitride (C3N4) is promising and a challenge.
Reliability of 3D Cs2M+M3+X6 type absorbers for perovskite solar cells: assessing the figures of merit
Authors: Pasha Altaf , S Akhil , Balakrishna R. Geetha
Published: July 2021

Figures of merit analysis of Cs2M+M3+X6 type absorbers for perovskite solar cells. Specific material properties (blue squares), a few merits (green squares), demerits (red squares) and possible solutions (grey squares) are indicated.
Bone-adhesive barrier membranes based on alendronate-functionalized poly(2-oxazoline)s
Authors: Sánchez-Fernández María J. , Peerlings Manon , Félix Lanao Rosa P. , Bender Johan C. M. E. , van Hest Jan C. M. , Leeuwenburgh Sander C. G.
Published: July 2021

Novel bone-adhesive barrier membranes were successfully developed using a solvent-free approach by combining an occlusive polyester backing layer with a gelatin carrier impregnated with calcium-binding alendronate-functionalized poly(2-oxazoline)s.
Multifunctional pyridine styrylphenanthroimidazoles: electron transport materials for blue FOLEDs with low efficiency roll-off and hosts for PHOLEDs with low turn-on voltage
Authors: Jayabharathi Jayaraman , Sivaraj Sekar , Thanikachalam Venugopal , Anudeebhana Jagathratchagan
Published: July 2021

We have reported pyridine styrylphenanthroimidazole derivatives, SPPI-C2Py, SPPI-N1Py and SPPI-C2N1Py, as efficient electron transport materials (ETMs) for blue fluorescent OLEDs and host materials for phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes.
Quantum interference and spin filtering effects in photo-responsive single molecule devices
Authors: Bajaj Ashima , Khurana Rishu , Ali Md. Ehesan
Published: July 2021

Transient generation of the spin-filtering effect upon photo-irradiated homolytic cleavage of the O–O endoperoxide bond.
Introducing methoxy or fluorine substitutions on the conjugated side chain to reduce the voltage loss of organic solar cells
Authors: Chen You , Jiang Chuanxiu , Wang Jiacheng , Tang Ailing , Zhang Bao , Liu Xinfeng , Chen Xingguo , Wei Zhixiang , Zhou Erjun
Published: July 2021

Herein, three benzotriazole (BTA)-based polymers and a fused benzotriazole-based small molecule were constructed to realize a relatively high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of above 11% with a high open-circuit voltage (VOC) approaching 0.99 V.
In situ atomically dispersed Fe doped metal-organic framework on reduced graphene oxide as bifunctional electrocatalyst for Zn–air batteries
Authors: Zhao Xiaolin , Shao Lin , Wang Ziming , Chen Huibing , Yang Haipeng , Zeng Lin
Published: July 2021

A porous atomically dispersed Fe doped ZIF-8-derived nanocatalyst has been successfully grown on reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and the optimal Fe–N–C/2rGO catalyst exhibited an excellent bifunctional performance for Zn–air batteries.
Isolation and studies of a thioether-functionalized pyrazole derived Cu(i)-based cyclic trinuclear complex and its coordination polymers with [Cu2I2] and [BiBr3] nodes
Authors: Lin Zhi-Qing , Zheng Sai-Li , Hu Jieying , Zhou Hua-Qun , Feng Zihao , He Yonghe , Chung Lai-Hon , He Jun
Published: July 2021

Emissive Cu(i)-CTC with unprecedented thioether SBUs have their photoluminescence shifted and quenched after assembly with CuI and BiBr3, respectively.
Anti-anemia drug FG4592 retards the AKI-to-CKD transition by improving vascular regeneration and antioxidative capability
Authors: Wu Mengqiu , Chen Weiyi , Miao Mengqiu , Jin Qianqian , Zhang Shengnan , Bai Mi , Fan Jiaojiao , Zhang Yue , Zhang Aihua , Jia Zhanjun , Huang Songming
Published: July 2021

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a known risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), with no satisfactory strategy to prevent the progression of AKI to CKD. Damage to the renal vascular system and subsequent hypoxia are common contributors to both AKI and CKD. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is reported to protect the kidney from acute ischemic damage and a novel HIF stabilizer, FG4592 (Roxadustat), has become available in the clinic as an anti-anemia drug. However, the role of FG4592 in the AKI-to-CKD transition remains elusive. In the present study, we investigated the role of FG4592 in the AKI-to-CKD transition induced by unilateral kidney ischemia–reperfusion (UIR). The results showed that FG4592, given to mice 3 days after UIR, markedly alleviated kidney fibrosis and enhanced renal vascular regeneration, possibly via activating the HIF-1α/vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA)/VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1) signaling pathway and driving the expression of the endogenous antioxidant superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). In accordance with the improved renal vascular regeneration and redox balance, the metabolic disorders of the UIR mice kidneys were also attenuated by treatment with FG4592. However, the inflammatory response in the UIR kidneys was not affected significantly by FG4592. Importantly, in the kidneys of CKD patients, we also observed enhanced HIF-1α expression which was positively correlated with the renal levels of VEGFA and SOD2. Together, these findings demonstrated the therapeutic effect of the anti-anemia drug FG4592 in preventing the AKI-to-CKD transition related to ischemia and the redox imbalance.
Looking into the cradle of the grave: J22564–5910, a potential young post-merger hot subdwarf
Authors: Vos Joris , Pelisoli Ingrid , Budaj Jan , Reindl Nicole , Schaffenroth Veronika , Bobrick Alexey , Geier Stephan , Hermes JJ , Nemeth Peter , Østensen Roy , Reding Joshua S. , Uzundag Murat , Vučković Maja
Published: July 2021

Context. We present the discovery of J22564–5910, a new type of hot subdwarf (sdB) which shows evidence of gas present in the system and it has shallow, multi-peaked hydrogen and helium lines which vary in shape over time. All observational evidence points towards J22564–5910 being observed very shortly after the merger phase that formed it.

Aims. Using high-resolution, high signal-to-noise spectroscopy, combined with multi-band photometry, Gaia astrometry, and TESS light curves, we aim to interpret these unusual spectral features.

Methods. The photometry, spectra, and light curves were all analysed, and their results were combined in order to support our interpretation of the observations: the likely presence of a magnetic field combined with gas features around the sdB. Based on the triple-peaked H lines, the magnetic field strength was estimated and, by using the SHELLSPEC code, qualitative models of gas configurations were fitted to the observations.

Results. All observations can either be explained by a magnetic field of ∼650 kG, which enables the formation of a centrifugal magnetosphere, or a non-magnetic hot subdwarf surrounded by a circumstellar gas disc or torus. Both scenarios are not mutually exclusive and both can be explained by a recent merger.

Conclusions. J22564–5910 is the first object of its kind. It is a rapidly spinning sdB with gas still present in the system. It is the first post-merger star observed this early after the merger event, and as such it is very valuable system to test merger theories. If the magnetic field can be confirmed, it is not only the first magnetic sdB, but it hosts the strongest magnetic field ever found in a pre-white dwarf object. Thus, it could represent the long sought-after immediate ancestor of strongly magnetic white dwarfs.
Evolution of globular-cluster systems of ultra-diffuse galaxies due to dynamical friction in MOND gravity
Authors: Bílek Michal , Zhao Hongsheng , Famaey Benoit , Müller Oliver , Kroupa Pavel , Ibata Rodrigo
Published: July 2021

Context. Dynamical friction can be used to distinguish Newtonian gravity and modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) because it works differently in these frameworks. This concept, however, has yet to be explored very much with MOND. Previous simulations showed weaker dynamical friction during major mergers for MOND than for Newtonian gravity with dark matter. Analytic arguments suggest the opposite for minor mergers. In this work, we verify the analytic predictions for MOND by high-resolution N-body simulations of globular clusters (GCs) moving in isolated ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs).

Aims. We test the MOND analog of the Chandrasekhar formula for the dynamical friction proposed by Sánchez-Salcedo on a single GC. We also explore whether MOND allows GC systems of isolated UDGs to survive without sinking into nuclear star clusters.

Methods. The simulations are run using the adaptive-mesh-refinement code Phantom of Ramses. The mass resolution is 20 M⊙ and the spatial resolution 50 pc. The GCs are modeled as point masses.

Results. Simulations including a single GC reveal that, as long as the apocenter of the GC is over about 0.5 effective radii, the Sánchez-Salcedo formula works excellently, with an effective Coulomb logarithm increasing with orbital circularity. Once the GC reaches the central kiloparsec, its sinking virtually stops, likely because of the core stalling mechanism. In simulations with multiple GCs, many of them sink toward the center, but the core stalling effect seems to prevent them from forming a nuclear star cluster. The GC system ends up with a lower velocity dispersion than the stars of the galaxy. By scaling the simulations, we extend these results to most UDG parameters, as long as these UDGs are not external-field dominated. We verify analytically that approximating the GCs by point masses has little effect if the GCs have the usual properties, but for massive GCs such as those observed in the NGC 1052-DF2 galaxy, further simulations with resolved GCs are desirable.
Exoplanets with ELT-METIS
Authors: Bowens R. , Meyer M. R. , Delacroix C. , Absil O. , van Boekel R. , Quanz S. P. , Shinde M. , Kenworthy M. , Carlomagno B. , Orban de Xivry G. , Cantalloube F. , Pathak P.
Published: July 2021

Direct imaging is a powerful exoplanet discovery technique that is complementary to other techniques and offers great promise in the era of 30 m class telescopes. Space-based transit surveys have revolutionized our understanding of the frequency of planets at small orbital radii around Sun-like stars. The next generation of extremely large ground-based telescopes will have the angular resolution and sensitivity to directly image planets with R < 4 R⊕ around the very nearest stars. Here, we predict yields from a direct imaging survey of a volume-limited sample of Sun-like stars with the Mid-Infrared ELT Imager and Spectrograph (METIS) instrument, planned for the 39 m European Southern Observatory Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) that is expected to be operational towards the end of the decade. Using Kepler occurrence rates, a sample of stars with spectral types A-K within 6.5 pc, and simulated contrast curves based on an advanced model of what is achievable from coronagraphic imaging with adaptive optics, we estimated the expected yield from METIS using Monte Carlo simulations. We find the METIS expected yield of planets in the N2 band (10.10−12.40 μm) is 1.14 planets, which is greater than comparable observations in the L (3.70−3.95 μm) and M (4.70−4.90 μm) bands. We also determined a 24.6% chance of detecting at least one Jovian planet in the background limited regime assuming a 1 h integration. We calculated the yield per star and estimate optimal observing revisit times to increase the yield. We also analyzed a northern hemisphere version of this survey and found there are additional targets worth considering. In conclusion, we present an observing strategy aimed to maximize the possible yield for limited telescope time, resulting in 1.48 expected planets in the N2 band.
Flare-induced decay-less transverse oscillations in solar coronal loops
Authors: Mandal Sudip , Tian Hui , Peter Hardi
Published: July 2021

Evidence of flare-induced, large-amplitude, decay-less transverse oscillations is presented. A system of multithermal coronal loops, as observed with the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), exhibit decay-less transverse oscillations after a flare erupts nearby one of the loop footpoints. Measured oscillation periods lie between 4.2 min and 6.9 min wherein the displacement amplitudes range from 0.17 Mm to 1.16 Mm. A motion-magnification technique has been employed to detect the preflare decay-less oscillations. These oscillations have similar periods (between 3.7 min and 5.0 min) similar to the previous ones, but their amplitudes (0.04 Mm to 0.12 Mm) are found to be significantly smaller. No phase difference is found among oscillating threads of a loop when observed through a particular AIA channel or when their multichannel signatures are compared. These features suggest that the occurrence of a flare in this case neither changed the nature of these oscillations (decaying versus decay-less), nor the oscillation periods. The only effect the flare has is to increase the oscillation amplitudes.
FeI and NiI in cometary atmospheres
Authors: Hutsemékers D. , Manfroid J. , Jehin E. , Opitom C. , Moulane Y.
Published: July 2021

FeI and NiI emission lines have recently been found in the spectra of 17 Solar System comets observed at heliocentric distances between 0.68 and 3.25 au and in the interstellar comet 2I/Borisov. The blackbody equilibrium temperature at the nucleus surface is too low to vaporize the refractory dust grains that contain metals, making the presence of iron and nickel atoms in cometary atmospheres a puzzling observation. Moreover, the measured NiI/FeI abundance ratio is on average one order of magnitude larger than the solar photosphere value. We report new measurements of FeI and NiI production rates and abundance ratios for the Jupiter-family comet (JFC) 46P/Wirtanen in its 2018 apparition and from archival data of the Oort-cloud comet (OCC) C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake). The comets were at geocentric distances of 0.09 au and 0.11 au, respectively. The emission line surface brightness was found to be inversely proportional to the projected distance to the nucleus, confirming that FeI and NiI atoms are ejected from the surface of the nucleus or originate from a short-lived parent. Considering the full sample of 20 comets, we find that the range of NiI/FeI abundance ratios is significantly larger in JFCs than in OCCs. We also unveil significant correlations between NiI/FeI and C2/CN, C2H6/H2O, and NH/CN. Carbon-chain- and NH-depleted comets show the highest NiI/FeI ratios. The existence of such relations suggests that the diversity of NiI/FeI abundance ratios in comets could be related to the cometary formation rather than to subsequent processes in the coma.
A methodical approach and computer programs to determine the power of active harmonic filters
Authors: Hung Bui Ngoc , Kovernikova Lidiia I.
Published: July 2021

Poor power quality creates big problems. With the poor power quality, the service life of the equipment is reduced. In connection with the creation and development of intelligent electrical power systems and the digital economy, the requirements for the power quality are increasing. Active harmonic filters began to used to solve problem with the poor power quality. The paper presents a methodical approach and computer programs for determining the power of the active harmonic filter. The power supply system of the Vietnamese coal sorting plant is considered to develop the methodical approach. The results of measurements of the power quality indices and the results of calculating the parameters of the modes of the electrical network of the plant at the fundamental frequency were used. To process a large amount of measured information, the special computer program was developed. On the basis of the methodical approach, the results of measurements of the power quality indices and the computer complex “Stationary permissible optimal mode”, the algorithm and the computer program have been developed to calculate the power of the active harmonic filter. The power of the active harmonic filter for the coal sorting plant was determined with the help of this program.
Estimating of the size of subsides for the use of hydrogen energy technologies for potential consumers
Authors: Grachev A.S.
Published: July 2021

This article discusses the prospects for the use of hydrogen technologies in conjunction with renewable energy sources. A sim plified model of the power system of an isolated consumer using hydrogen technologies has been compiled. An experimental calculation of the electrical part of the system has been carried out. Based on the results obtained, conclusions are drawn about the further improvement of this model.
Electricity demand management within the retail electricity market in Russia
Authors: Ogorodnikov Nikita
Published: July 2021

Demand side management is an important tool for ensuring the flexibility of the electric power systems, as it maintains and regulates the balance of generation and consumption of electric energy and has a system-wide effect, which is formed by lowering electricity prices for consumers and optimizing the load and structure of generating and electric grid capacities. The article is devoted to the problem of managing the demand for electricity consumption within the framework of the retail electricity market in Russia. The author identifies and summarizes the existing demand management tools. The article substantiates the need for the development and implementation of innovative tools and mechanisms for managing the demand for electricity consumption.
Designing a pilot model of compressorless combined cycle unit
Authors: Volkov-Muzylev Vladimir , Borisov Yuri , Fominykh Nikolay
Published: July 2021

The article is dedicated to a design of a pilot model of a 60 MW installation, operating according to a new promising compressorless combined cycle. In the course of the study, the weight-size parameters and functional indicators of the main parts of the energy complex were preliminarily determined. The auxiliary components of a compressorless combined cycle unit were selected, such as pumps, heat exchangers, compressors, pipelines and etc. Within a draft elaboration, preliminary weight, size and functional parameters of a turbine unit were defined, solutions were found for two groups of pumping equipment, and a plant prototype was designed. Additionally, the weight and size parameters of the plate heat exchangers were determined and a special design of shell-and-tube heat exchangers was designed to return the heat of combustion products. The results, obtained during the study, make it possible to simulate the behavior (develop dynamic models) of a compressorless combined cycle unit in all operating modes (from start-up to shutdown) under various conditions, as well as to carry out a feasibility study for the creation of such installations.
Technology of impact assessment of energy on region’s environment
Authors: Kuzmin Vladimir R. , Massel Liudmila V.
Published: July 2021

Nowadays, the problems of the impact of pollutants’ emissions from industrial facilities, which include energy facilities, are attracting more and more attention in the world. Different international and governmental organizations issue decrees and recommendations on pollutants emission reduction. This, in turn, requires technologies and tools to assess the impact of current facilities, develop recommendations for them to reduce the emissions, and perform evaluation of impact for planned facilities. This article discusses a proposed technology for impact assessment of energy facilities on region’s environment, methods that are used by this technology. Also, architecture and main components of the scientific prototype of intelligent decision-making support system to support this technology are provided and results of approbation are shown.
Leveraging the Internet of Things for Energy Applications
Authors: Kasatikov Nikolay , Brekhov Oleg , Sytov Alexander , Milovanova Ekaterina
Published: July 2021

The history of the development of such a thing as the Internet of things in our country, as well as in the world, is gaining momentum. The communication of all devices that maintain communication and transmit data online are used constantly and around the clock. In order to accumulate data and combine it for the benefit of local residents, as well as advertising companies, in order to understand their needs and solve with the help of unobtrusive offers, all data obtained from gadgets and devices connected to the Internet are used.
The Role of the Far East in Russia’s Foreign Energy Policy Agenda
Authors: Dyomina Olga
Published: July 2021

The evolution of goals and objectives of the Energy Strategy of Russia for the period from 2003 to 2020 is considered. It is shown that the main priority of the foreign energy policy is to maintain and strengthen the country’s position in the world markets. It is determined that the country is actually consolidating the strategy of increasing production with the subsequent export of hydrocarbon raw materials. It is noted that the target indicators of the strategy, along with the share of Asia-Pacific countries in the geographical structure of Russian energy exports, is an increase in the share of primary energy production in Eastern Siberia and the Far East. The role of the Far East in Russia’s foreign energy policy agenda is analyzed. It is determined that the Far East acts as a transit territory and as a hydrocarbon and coal resource base. The development of the fuel and energy complex in the region is carried out within the framework of large energy projects in four categories: the Eastern Siberia - Pacific Ocean oil pipeline (ESPO) and the development of fields along the pipeline route; a set of interrelated projects within the Eastern Gas Program; development of the coal industry and related rail and port infrastructure; cross-border electricity exports to China
Gas transportation system development in Mongolia under gas prices uncertainty
Authors: Maksakova Darya
Published: July 2021

The paper analyses the stability of a solution to a problem of gas transportation system development in terms of gas import prices. The object of the study is a future gas transportation system in Mongolia. The employed tools are based on an original optimization problem, which is aimed to support decision-making process when choosing capacity, location, and time for investments in gas infrastructure. Different scenarios of gas import prices are considered for Mongolia. A stable solution is defined as the solution that is included in the optimal plans for every scenario. A multi-criteria approach is proposed to expanding the area of stable solutions. In conclusion, the priority areas of gas transportation system development in Mongolia are highlighted.
Development of a solar energy meter for an experimental array
Authors: Ivanov Roman , Maksakov Nikita
Published: July 2021

The relevance of the presented development is due to the need to create a device to read and process information from an experimental array of solar panels. The purpose of the array is to obtain reliable data for the verification of models for estimating photovoltaic power potential indicators used in justifying the feasibility of the adoption of solar power plants in the eastern regions of Russia. We present a description of the main and auxiliary equipment of the experimental array. The array’s solar panels are arranged in different ways so as to determine the most efficient tilt angle and justify the need for building a sun-tracking system. The proprietary device based on the Arduino microcontroller was designed to read and write the value of instantaneous power of solar panels. The sensor that will monitor the amperage is ACS712, which is connected to the gap of the power circuit. The study provides a diagram of the current meter and describe its operation. We outline the main stages of subsequent data processing.
The use of soft wall containers for transporting vegetables
Authors: Mirzaev N N , Zhuraeva G Sh , Hamroev R K
Published: July 2021

The paper considers the use of soft containers (MCs) for transporting vegetables, particularly root crops. Until recently, MCs, simply put bags, were used in agriculture to transport goods weighing up to 100 kg. As the proportion of mechanisation is increasing, the use of MCs in larger sizes is becoming more and more important. This article examines the wall pressure of small and large-sized MCs and compares it to the strength of polypropylene fabric. As a result of calculation of pressure on walls of MK it is shown possibility of use of polypropylene PP cloth of various density.
Automotive industry: trends in the implementation of modern corporate strategies
Authors: Zhilkin Oleg , Kiryukhina Svetlana
Published: July 2021

The article attempts to identify new directions for the strategic development of automotive enterprises, taking into account current trends, using the example of both the largest German concerns, such as BMW Group and Volkswagen AG, and actively developing Chinese manufacturers - BAIC, Chery, Geely, JAC, JAV. The emphasis is on the production of hybrid and electric vehicles. Special attention is paid to the prospects for the development of the Russian segment of the production of cars with hybrid and electric drives and identifying problems that hinder its advanced development and the reasons that hinder the expansion of the segment of using cars with hybrid and electric drives, both Russian and imported
Climate change scenarios as a driver for “Raсe to Zero” campaign
Authors: Sorokin Leonid
Published: July 2021

The Race to Zero is the largest credible alliance aiming to reduce twice emissions by 2030, with the main goal of moving towards a carbon-zero economy by 2050. Zero emission technologies can reduce the greenhouse gas concentrations in Atmosphere that can help to slowdown the Global Warming but for making the Earth’s climate system more stable we need implement Negative emission technologies. Negative emission technologies can significantly reduce the greenhouse gas concentrations in Atmosphere that can getting down the global average temperature to the pre-industrial level and prevent Global Warming and future Sea Level Rise. The currently observed climatic changes cannot be completely explained by the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Taking into account the impact of methane emissions, including the Polar Regions and the World Ocean, it will be possible to explain rapid changes in the Earth's climate. For getting the Earth’s climate system stable and predictable we need to reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere and the global average temperature to the pre-industrial levels. If this aims cannot be achieved then Climate Change and associated with Global Warming future Sea Level Rise in the nearest future would be the most important Risk factors in the Global World and World Economy, that can provide the world massive losses and economic crisis.