bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Value of 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT in the Postoperative Assessment of Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Seven Bedri , Okudan Berna , Gülaldı Nedim C.M. , Çapraz Mustafa , Açıkgöz Yusuf
Published: November 2021

Background:

The therapeutic approaches of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) are
surgery, ablation therapy with the postoperative use of radioiodine-131 (131I), and thyroid-stimulating
hormone (TSH) suppression therapy. After the surgical therapy, the patient should be assessed
for remnants/metastases.

Objective:

The purpose of this research was to investigate the role of technetium-99m-methoxyisobutylisonitrile
(99mTc-MIBI) single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography
(SPECT/CT) in the postoperative management of patients with DTC.

Methods:

The study comprised 22 DTC patients (13 women, 9 men; mean age 46.55 ± 13.27 y)
who underwent a total thyroidectomy previously. All patients were investigated for thyroid remnants/
metastases by 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT, posttherapy 131I whole-body scan (WBS) and ultrasound
(US). Serum TSH, thyroglobulin and anti-Tg antibody levels were measured. Results of
imaging modalities and laboratory measurements were compared with each other.

Results:

99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT, 131I WBS and US respectively demonstrated thyroid remnants in
15 (68.18%), 22 (100%) and 14 (63.63%) of all patients and metastatic lymph nodes in 8 (100%), 6
(75%) and 6 (75%) of the 8 patients with lymph node metastases. 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT also demonstrated
lung metastases in 2 patients (9.09% of all patients). The same result was obtained with
131I WBS.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study show that 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT can be effective for detecting
metastases in patients with DTC who underwent surgery prior to 131I therapy.
Electrical and Structural Properties of HDPE/MWCNT/PE-g-MAH Nanocomposites Prepared Using Solution Mixing and Hot Compaction Two-step Approach
Authors: Al-Hussein Mahmoud , Jaffal Ali , Abu-Zuryak Rund
Published: November 2021

Background:

MWCNTs tend to form agglomerates in nonpolar polymers due to their small size and large surface area. A promising approach to facilitate their dispersion within the polymeric matrix is based on employing a compatibilizer agent.

Objective:

The current study aimed to investigate the effect of a compatibilizer agent based on maleic anhydride grafted HDPE (PE-g-MAH) on the electrical and morphological properties of highdensity polyethylene/multi-wall carbon nanotubes nanocomposites (HDPE/MWCNT/PE-g-MAH) prepared by solution mixing and hot compaction two-step approach.

Methods:

A two-step approach based on solvent mixing and hot compaction was used to prepare nanocomposites of HDPE/MWCNT/PE-g-MAH with different MWCNTs and PE-g-MAH contents. The electrical, morphological, and HDPE crystalline structure properties of the nanocomposites were characterized by impedance spectroscopy, high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction, respectively.

Results:

The results confirm the positive role of the PE-g-MAH compatibilizer in enhancing the dispersion of the MWCNTs and, in turn, the formation of more conductive pathways at low MWCNTs content in the nanocomposites. Adding 2 wt% of the compatibilizer to the nanocomposite of 1 wt% MWCNTs increases the electrical conductivity by more than three orders of magnitude. Increasing the MWCNTs concentration by more than 1 wt% leads to a limited enhancement in conductivity of the nanocomposite prepared using 2 wt% of PE-g-MAH compatibilizer. Meanwhile, the morphological characterization revealed that the limited increase in conductivity of nanocomposites with only 1 wt% compatibilizer is related to a substantial increase in the HDPE crystallinity (from 14.8 to 43.9%) induced by the enhanced nucleating effect of the dispersed MWCNTs. The excess HDPE crystalline regions suppress the formation of effective MWCNTs conducting pathways due to their confinement into smaller inter-crystallite regions in the nanocomposite.

Conclusion:

Therefore, a balanced role of the compatibilizer between the dispersion of the MWCNTs and the nucleation of more HDPE crystallites has to be achieved by carefully selecting the compatibilizer type and concentration.
Eating Disorders and Type 1 Diabetes: A Perspective
Authors: Marucci Simonetta , De Iaco Giulia , Lisco Giuseppe , Mariano Francesco , Giagulli Vito Angelo , Guastamacchia Edoardo , De Pergola Giovanni , Triggiani Vincenzo
Published: November 2021

:

Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at risk of clinical eating disorders (EDs) and disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) than the general population. This burden is related mainly to diabetes-related physical and psychosocial issues especially beginning during childhood. DEBs must be investigated carefully and promptly managed in case of suspicion, as they can evolve into severe clinical EDs over time and are strictly related to poor outcomes.
The significant number of scientific articles dealing with the relationship between T1D and DEBs or EDs confirms the complexity of these problems and the difficulties in diagnosis and treatment.
This paper examined current scientific literature related to this topic, emphasizing the epidemiological and clinical complexity of the phenomenon and briefly summarizing EDBs management strategy in T1D patients.
Nigella Sativa (Black seeds) – Potential Herb to Help Weight Loss
Authors: Maideen Naina Mohamed Pakkir
Published: November 2021

:

Obesity is associated with many diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia,
coronary heart disease, stroke, fatty liver disease, cancer, osteoarthritis and many others.
The prevalence of obesity is increasing every year among the global population. The persons being
overweight or obese may consider traditional herbal medicines as a good strategy to manage chronic
conditions due to various reasons. Nigella sativa (Black seeds) has been used to treat various conditions,
including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cancer, etc. Hence, the anti-obesity potential of
N. sativa is analyzed in this review. The databases, including Medline/PMC/PubMed, Google Scholar,
Science Direct, and reference lists, were searched to identify relevant randomized controlled
clinical trials. Significant reduction of body weight, body mass index and waist circumference have
been observed in many randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) by using N. sativa. Hence, the
individuals willing to reduce their body weight can effectively use N. sativa along with lifestyle
modifications.
Enhancing the effectiveness of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for cancer treatment
Authors: Kusaka Sachie
Published: November 2021

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has the potential to kill tumours without harming normal cells and could therefore prove revolutionary in cancer treatment. BNCT is a treatment that focuses on how the chemical element boron has a high likelihood of causing nuclear reactions with
neutrons. A key focus for some researchers is the idea that the nuclear reaction of boron occurs in proportion to the number of optimal energy neutrons and the concentration of boron at the tumour location and they believe that if this could be properly harnessed, the treatment would be dramatically
improved. Dr Sachie Kusaka, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan, is part of a team of researchers working to improve the effectiveness of BNCT for brain tumour. Kusaka has identified an alternative route to deliver the boron drug BPA efficiently to the brain by avoiding
the blood-brain barrier, and named the route "boron cerebrospinal fluid administration method". "Administering the drug into the cerebrospinal fluid could enable more boron to be efficiently delivered to the brain tumour,' says Kusaka.
Штарковские уровни иона Sm-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=- в низкоразмерном магнетике Cu-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-Sm(SeO_3)-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Cl
Authors: Климин С.А. , Кузнецова Е.С. , Бердоносов П.С.
Published: November 2021

Измерены спектры пропускания двумерного фрустрированного магнетика Cu3Sm(SeO_3)2O2Cl в области f-f-переходов иона Sm3+ в широком диапазоне температур (4-300 K). Определены энергии 40 штарковских уровней иона Sm3+ для основного и возбужденных мультиплетов в спектральной области 2000-10 000 cm-1. По спектрам зарегистрировано два магнитных фазовых перехода: при температуре TN=35 K происходит магнитное упорядочение, а при температуре TR=8.5 K --- спин-переориентационный переход. Основной крамерсовский дублет иона Sm3+ расщепляется только при низкотемпературном фазовом переходе. Полученные данные по энергетическим состояниям основного мультиплета ^6H5/2 иона Sm3+ использованы для расчета вклада самария в теплоемкость Cu3Sm(SeO_3)2O2Cl. Ключевые слова: франциситоподобные фазы с редкоземельными элементами, оптическая спектроскопия, крамерсовские дублеты, магнитные фазовые переходы, спин-переориентация.
Исследование магнитных свойств ферроборатов неодима и самария методом спектроскопического эрбиевого зонда
Authors: Чукалина Е.П. , Яблуновский А. , Гудим И.А.
Published: November 2021

Iron borates NdFe3(BO3)4 and SmFe3(BO3)4 activated with 1% erbium, with a huntite structure (space symmetry group R32) were investigated by the method of erbium spectroscopic probe. From an analysis of the temperature dependence of the transmission spectra in the region of the 4I15/2→4I13/2 transition in the Er3+ ion, it was found that both studied compounds order antiferromagnetically at TN ≈ 33 K into an easy-plane magnetic structure. No other phase transitions were found.
Исследование структурного совершенства монокристаллов ниобата лития разного состава и генезиса методом ИК спектроскопии в области валентных колебаний водородных связей
Authors: Бобрева Л.А. , Сидоров Н.В. , Теплякова Н.А. , Палатников М.Н. , Климин С.А. , Новикова Н.Н.
Published: November 2021

We have analyzed complex defects due to the presence of hydrogen bonds in the crystal structure in nominally pure lithium niobate crystals with different Li/Nb ratio, in crystals alloyed with magnesium and zinc in a wide concentration range (LiNbO3 : Mg (0.19-5.91 mol.% MgO) and LiNbO3 : Zn (0.04-6.5 mol. % ZnO)) and in the double-alloyed crystals (LiNbO3 : Y(0.24) : Mg(0.63 wt. %) and LiNbO3 : Gd (0.25) : Mg(0.75 wt. %)), obtained by technology of direct melt alloying, and also in the double-alloyed crystal (LiNbO3 : Mg(5. 05 mol.% MgO) : Fe(0.009 mol.% Fe2O3)) grown from a charge synthesized using the technology of homogeneous alloying with magnesium and iron Nb2O5. We revealed the influence of doping impurities on the concentration of OH-groups, the type and localization of complex defects in the crystal structure. The change in the number of hydrogen atom positions in the structure of the LiNbO3 crystal allow us to judge with sufficient accuracy whether the crystal composition is stoichiometric or congruent. For doped crystals of different compositions data were obtained testifying to changes in the character of complexation of OH-groups with point defects of the cationic sublattice with formation of defects: MеLi-OH-, MеLi-MеNb-OН. A change in the mechanism of entry of the dopant cation into the structure dramatically affects the change in the properties of the crystal.The difference in the frequencies (and, correspondingly, in the values of the quasi-elastic constants of the O-H bonds) in the spectrum of a congruent crystal and doped crystals can also be contributed by differences in the electronegativity and ionic radii of the principal and doping cations.
Primer registro de Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) en Senna multiglandulosa (Fabaceae) de la región andina central del Perú
Authors: Baltazar Castañeda Hernán , Baltazar Sedano Danilo , Baltazar Sedano Neddy , Álvarez Tolentino Daniel
Published: November 2021

Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say, 1831) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) es unescarabajo de distribución cosmopolita que ocasiona graves daños a diversas especies de la familia Fabaceae. Este trabajo es el primer reporte de su infestación en arbustos de Senna multiglandulosa (Jacq.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, 1982 (Fabaceae) en la zona andina central del Perú. Se describe la morfología de los estados biológicos de A. obtectus y las perforaciones que realizaron en legumbres infestadas colectadas en tres lugares del Valle del Mantaro de enero a diciembre 2018. Se midió la longitud total (L) y ancho (A) de los huevos, larvas, pupas y adultos de A. obtectus, así como el diámetro (D) de las perforaciones en vainas y semilla de S. multiglandulosa. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en los tamaños de cada uno de los estadios (p < 0,001) y sus perforaciones en las legumbres (p < 0,001), afectan especialmente las semillas de S. multiglandulosa, por lo cual se constituye en un problema sanitario muy severo en la planta estudiada.

Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say, 1831) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) is a beetle with a cosmopolitan distribution that causes severe damages to diverse species of the Fabaceae family. This is the first report of its infestation on Senna multiglandulosa (Jacq.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, 1982 (Fabaceae) bushes in the central Andean region of Peru. The morphology of the biological stages of A. obtectus and the perforations they made on infested legumes collected in three sites of Mantaro Valley from January to December 2018 are described. The total length (L) and width (W) of eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults of A. obtectus and the diameter (D) of the perforations on the pods and seeds of S. multiglandulosa were measured. The results showed significant differences in the size of each stage (p < 0.001) and their perforations on legumes (p < 0.001), affecting mainly the seeds of S. multiglandulosa, constituting a severe health problem for the studied plant.
Mitigating Patient and Consumer Safety Risks When Using Conversational Assistants for Medical Information: Exploratory Mixed Methods Experiment (Preprint)
Authors: Bickmore Timothy W , Ólafsson Stefán , O'Leary Teresa K
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

Prior studies have demonstrated the safety risks when patients and consumers use conversational assistants such as Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa for obtaining medical information.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to evaluate two approaches to reducing the likelihood that patients or consumers will act on the potentially harmful medical information they receive from conversational assistants.

METHODS

Participants were given medical problems to pose to conversational assistants that had been previously demonstrated to result in potentially harmful recommendations. Each conversational assistant’s response was randomly varied to include either a correct or incorrect paraphrase of the query or a disclaimer message—or not—telling the participants that they should not act on the advice without first talking to a physician. The participants were then asked what actions they would take based on their interaction, along with the likelihood of taking the action. The reported actions were recorded and analyzed, and the participants were interviewed at the end of each interaction.

RESULTS

A total of 32 participants completed the study, each interacting with 4 conversational assistants. The participants were on average aged 42.44 (SD 14.08) years, 53% (17/32) were women, and 66% (21/32) were college educated. Those participants who heard a correct paraphrase of their query were significantly more likely to state that they would follow the medical advice provided by the conversational assistant (χ21=3.1; P=.04). Those participants who heard a disclaimer message were significantly more likely to say that they would contact a physician or health professional before acting on the medical advice received (χ21=43.5; P=.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Designers of conversational systems should consider incorporating both disclaimers and feedback on query understanding in response to user queries for medical advice. Unconstrained natural language input should not be used in systems designed specifically to provide medical advice.

CLINICALTRIAL
Testing the Efficacy of Attitudinal Inoculation Videos to Enhance COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance: A Quasi-Experimental Intervention Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Piltch-Loeb Rachael , Su Max , Hughes Brian , Testa Marcia , Goldberg Beth , Braddock Kurt , Miller-Idriss Cynthia , Maturo Vanessa , Savoia Elena
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

Over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, a variety of COVID-19 related misinformation has spread and been amplified online. The spread of misinformation can influence COVID-19 beliefs and protective actions including vaccine hesitancy. Belief in vaccine misinformation is associated with lower vaccination rates and higher vaccine resistance. Attitudinal inoculation is a preventative approach to combating misinformation and disinformation which leverages the power of narrative, rhetoric, values, and emotion.

OBJECTIVE

This study seeks to test inoculation messages in the form of short video messages to promote resistance against persuasion by COVID-19 vaccine misinformation.

METHODS

We designed a series of 30-second inoculation videos and conducted a quasi-experimental study to test the use of attitudinal inoculation in a population of individuals who were unvaccinated. The three intervention videos were distinguished by their script design- with Intervention Video 1 focusing on narrative/rhetorical (“Narrative”) presentation of information, Intervention Video 2 focusing on delivering a fact-based information (“Fact”), and Intervention Video 3 using a hybrid design (“Hybrid”). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models were used to compare the main effect of intervention group on the three outcome variables: ability to recognize misinformation tactics (“Recognize”, willingness to share misinformation (“Share”), and willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccine (“Willingness”).

RESULTS

There were significant effects across all three outcome variables comparing inoculation intervention groups to controls. For the Recognize outcome, the ability to recognize rhetorical strategies, there was a significant intervention group effect (F(3,1929)=8.5, p<0.0001). For the Share outcome, support for sharing the mis-disinformation, the intervention group main effect was statistically significant (F(3,1928)=3.4, p=0.0168). For the Willingness outcome, there was a significant intervention group effect; intervention groups were more willing to get the COVID-19 vaccine compared to controls (F(3,1929)=4.1, p=0.0064).

CONCLUSIONS

Across all intervention groups, inoculated individuals showed greater resistance to misinformation than their non-inoculated counterparts. Relative to those who were not inoculated, inoculated participants showed significantly greater ability to recognize and identify rhetorical strategies used in misinformation, were less likely to share false information, and had greater willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine. Attitudinal inoculation delivered through short video messages should be tested in public health messaging campaigns to counter mis-disinformation
A multi-dimensional quality comparison of synthetic data generators (Preprint)
Authors: Dankar Fida , Ibrahim Mahmoud K. , Ismail Leila
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

Synthetic datasets are gradually emerging as solutions for fast and inclusive health data sharing. Multiple synthetic data generators have been introduced in the last decade fueled by advancement in machine learning, yet their utility is not well understood. Few recent papers tried to compare the utility of synthetic data generators, each focused on different evaluation metrics and presented conclusions targeted at specific analysis.

OBJECTIVE

This work aims to understand the overall utility (referred to as quality) of four recent synthetic data generators by identifying multiple criteria for high-utility for synthetic data.

METHODS

We investigate commonly used utility metrics for masked data evaluation and classify them into criteria/categories depending on the function they attempt to preserve: attribute fidelity, bivariate fidelity, population fidelity, and application fidelity. Then we chose a representative metric from each of the identified categories based on popularity and consistency. The set of metrics together, referred to as quality criteria, are used to evaluate the overall utility of four recent synthetic data generators across 19 datasets of different sizes and feature counts. Moreover, correlations between the identified metrics are investigated in an attempt to streamline synthetic data utility.

RESULTS

Our results indicate that a non-parametric machine learning synthetic data generator (Synthpop) provides the best utility values across all quality criteria along with the highest stability. It displays the best overall accuracy in supervised machine learning and often agrees with real dataset on the learning model with the highest accuracy. On another front, our results suggest no strong correlation between the different metrics, which implies that all categories/dimensions are required when evaluating the overall utility of synthetic data.

CONCLUSIONS

The paper used four quality criteria to inform on the synthesizer with the best overall utility. The results are promising with small decreases in accuracy observed from the winning synthesizer when tested with real datasets (in comparison with models trained on real data). Further research into one (overall) quality measure would greatly help data holders in optimizing the utility of the released dataset.
The Dispersion of Health Information–Seeking Behavior and Health Literacy in a State in the Southern United States: Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Rao Nikita , Tighe Elizabeth L , Feinberg Iris
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

The transmission of health information from in-person communication to web-based sources has changed over time. Patients can find, understand, and use their health information without meeting a health care provider and are able to participate more in their health care management. In recent years, the internet has emerged as the primary source of health information, although clinical providers remain the most credible source. The ease of access, anonymity, and busy schedules may be motivating factors to seek health information on the web. Social media has surfaced as a popular source of health information, as it can provide news in real time. The increase in the breadth and depth of health information available on the web has also led to a plethora of misinformation, and individuals are often unable to discern facts from fiction. Competencies in health literacy (HL) can help individuals better understand health information and enhance patient decision-making, as adequate HL is a precursor to positive health information–seeking behaviors (HISBs). Several factors such as age, sex, and socioeconomic status are known to moderate the association between HL and HISBs.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between HL and HISBs in individuals living in a southern state in the United States by considering different demographic factors.

METHODS

Participants aged ≥18 years were recruited using Qualtrics Research Services and stratified to match the statewide demographic characteristics of race and age. Demographics and source and frequency of health information were collected. The Health Literacy Questionnaire was used to collect self-reported HL experiences. SPSS (version 27; IBM Corp) was used for the analysis.

RESULTS

A total of 520 participants met the criteria and completed the survey (mean age 36.3, SD 12.79 years). The internet was cited as the most used source of health information (mean 2.41, SD 0.93). Females are more likely to seek health information from physicians than males (r=0.121; P=.006). Older individuals are less likely to seek health information from the internet (r=−0.108; P=.02), social media (r=−0.225; P<.001), and friends (r=−0.090; P=.045) than younger individuals. Cluster analysis demonstrated that individuals with higher levels of HISBs were more likely to seek information from multiple sources than those with lower levels of HISBs (mean range 3.05-4.09, SD range 0.57-0.66; P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Age and sex are significantly associated with HISB. Older adults may benefit from web-based resources to monitor their health conditions. Higher levels of HL are significantly associated with greater HISB. Targeted strategies to improve HISB among individuals with lower levels of HL may improve their access, understanding, and use of health information.
Youth’s Interests in Professions a Soci-Field Study for the City of Baghdad
Authors: Yonis Dr. Hani Ahmed
Published: November 2021

Paying attention to the affairs of young people, their circumstances, their attitudes, and undoubtedly about work and the practice of a certain profession, helps to identify their reality, aspirations, problems, and the reasons that motivate them to go to a particular job, stay away from the other, and fulfill their various needs. The importance of the study lies in the noticeable increase in interest in youth, and the issue of youth and their work has become one of the important topics, due to the effective and influential role they play in the progress and development of societies and nations. A special issue that the researcher needs in his theoretical and practical study to collect scientific facts. The study included an intentional sample of young people and others who are able to work in different professions, whose ages range between (18-46) years only. The city of Baghdad was chosen because it is one of the millions of cities in the world and from the various governorates of the country. The study aimed to:1- Identifying the trends and motives of young people towards professions.2- Knowing the reasons that make a particular profession higher than others.3- Identifying the hierarchical order of the position of professions in Baghdadi society.This has shown the most important results of the study objectives:· The first objectiveFinancial / high wages for his work.Psychological / the individual's desire to achieve social relations and respect for others.Social / Achieving a prestigious social position in society.· The second objective The study concluded that there are reasons for young people’s motives towards choosing a profession related to the nature of their personal qualifications on the one hand, and what they get (financially and morally) from this profession, as follows:· High wages· Availability of opportunities for advancement and development· Profession stability and stability in general· Less risks and problems· Social relations· Lack of effortThe third objective occupied the first five ranks of the hierarchy of jobs for their priority and importance, which are as follows (university professor, doctor, engineer, teacher, lawyer, officer, public servant, ...etc. This shows the respondents' interest in governmental jobs for economic and social motives. The most important recommendation has been shown in the study: creating a balance between workers in the field of professional work and workers in the field of professional self-employment in order to advance sound development plans, through development programs presented by the media. employees in other professional sectors.
TRENDS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN OSUN STATE, SOUTH WEST NIGERIA
Authors: Tanimowo Nurain Bolanle , Ogundahunsi Dele Sunday
Published: November 2021

Road traffic accident (RTA) is a growing critical issue globally, resulting in high casualties and fatalities, especially in developing countries. This study examines the magnitude and trend of RTA and the effectiveness of road traffic safety measures in Osun State, South West Nigeria. Data on road traffic accidents from 1992 to 2016 was obtained from Nigeria's Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC) coupled with primary data acquired from 2,209 sampled households in six hierarchically selected cities through a multi-stage stratified random procedure. The study reveals a very high positive correlation (r = 0.97; p = 0.001) between road traffic accidents and the size of the cities. Trend analysis shows a gradual decline in accident and mortality rates but increasing injury rates. The study observed a relatively higher male involvement than females in RTA at the ratio of 3:1 and a relatively higher occurrence among civil servants (38.2%) and traders (27.6%) than other occupational groups. The study concludes that the incidence of road traffic accidents varies spatially, temporally, across gender and occupational divide and that safety measures employed do not have a significant impact in preventing its occurrence in the study area. It is recommended that safety culture should be encouraged among road users apart from strengthening the institutional framework responsible for transport safety.
Stylistic Peculiarities of Herbert Bates Stories
Authors: Mamatyusufovna Abduvakhabova Umida
Published: November 2021

Abstract: This article discusses stylistic peculiarities of Herbert Bates stories. In addition, the specific stylistic features encountered in his works are analyzed separately. Special aspects of the works are cited using examples. Keywords: language, stylistics, style, stylistic devices, syntactic, coloring.
Biotecnologías reproductivas en el ganado bovino: cinco décadas de investigación en México
Authors: Rosete Fernández Jorge Víctor , Álvarez Gallardo Horacio , Urbán Duarte David , Fragoso Islas Abraham , Asprón Pelayo Marco Antonio , Rios Utrera Angel , Pérez Reynozo Sandra , De La Torre Sánchez José Fernando
Published: November 2021

A lo largo de cinco secciones, se recapitulan las principales biotecnologías reproductivas en el bovino, se analiza su desarrollo histórico, estado actual, y se incluyen resultados generados en México. En la década de 1970, se inició la sincronización estral e inducción de la ovulación donde, basados en el conocimiento de la fisiología reproductiva bovina, se empezó a controlar el ciclo reproductivo con recursos disponibles en aquel entonces. Con los años, la terapia hormonal evolucionó conforme se descubrieron nuevos compuestos, refinando métodos para estandarizar el efecto y generar nuevos métodos de liberación de las hormonas. La biotecnología más usada en el mundo, la inseminación artificial, debe su expansión a los avances en el procesamiento del semen, donde destaca el desarrollo de diluyentes, la criopreservación, el sexado del semen y el análisis espermático asistido por computadora. La era embrionaria inició con el desarrollo de la multiovulación y los métodos para colectar, evaluar, transferir y criopreservar los embriones. La segunda era embrionaria llegó con la producción de embriones completamente in vitro, partiendo de óvulos inmaduros y semen congelado, en lo que se denominó la producción in vitro de embriones. En ésta, se han invertido grandes recursos de investigación, y materiales, para hacerla un pilar del mejoramiento genético y la productividad, en combinación con otras dos herramientas, el semen sexado y las evaluaciones genómicas. Se vislumbra una época de oro de la producción in vitro de embriones con la posibilidad de modificar el genoma de embriones con precisión, gracias a la tecnología de edición de genes.
Appointment of the Constitutional Court Justice: Some Issues
Authors: Rodiņa Anita
Published: November 2021

This article analyses important issues brought up in public regarding one of the constitutional institutions – formation of the Constitutional Court. At the outset, the article looks at the models of accessing the position of the Constitutional Court justice, their weaknesses and also responsibility of persons engaged in the appointment of justices. Challenges of parliamentary procedures are also discussed, especially considering that the platform e-Saeima was used as the voting platform to appoint the justice. The article also reflects a debate on whether a Constitutional Court justice can be appointed only once in a lifetime, keeping in mind the recent amendments to the Constitutional Court Law, including reappointment mechanism if the judge has had to leave the position before expiration of 10 years’ mandate. Finally, the article analyses the role and meaning of decisions made by a special institution – Judicial Council – when appointing the Constitutional Court justice.
Antitrust Rules and Competition Violations. The Evolution of Consumer Protection
Authors: Capasso Antonio
Published: November 2021

According to the order of the Court of Verona of 01.10.2018, No. 3763, a prohibited agreement pursuant to Art. 2, Law No. 287/1990, can also be harmful to consumer or entrepreneur, who has not taken part in it. In order to recognize an interest in invoking the protection referred to in Art. 33, para. 2, Law No. 287/1990, it is not sufficient to allege the nullity of the agreement itself but it is also necessary to specify the consequence that this failure has produced regarding the right to an effective choice between a plurality of competing products. This paper intends to investigate the institutions of the omnibus guarantee and its consequent nullity for violation of the discipline that governs agreements restricting competition. It also provides an analysis of the remedies and safeguards available to consumers who have remained extraneous to the competitive agreement, and who have entered into a subsequent contract of the latter.
Procedural Autonomy of a Member State: Application of the Principle by Latvian Administrative Courts
Authors: Briede Jautrīte
Published: November 2021

The article addresses certain issues of principle of national procedural autonomy. The meaning of the principle is briefly explained at the beginning of the article. It is followed by analyses of examples of the application of this principle by Latvian courts after the judgments of Court of Justice of the European Union, as well application of the principle of procedural autonomy by Latvian courts on their own initiative.
La presencia de la animita en el relato salitrero del norte grande de Chile.
Authors: Guerrero Bernardo
Published: November 2021

Discutimos acerca de la presencia de las animitas en el imaginario literario del norte grande de Chile, que se produce a consecuencia de la actividad salitrera de fines del XIX, hasta los años 70 del siglo pasado. La idea de fondo es que esta narrativa porta una matriz ilustrada y de izquierda que no le permite visibilizar estas prácticas religiosas populares. No obstante, advertimos en un cuento, El milagro del viejo Avelino, de Mario Bahamonde, su presencia y su tratamiento. Sin embargo, sigue la tendencia de ver a este fenómeno como un resabio del pasado.
Convertir el problema de la informalidad en una oportunidad política. El ejemplo de la regulación del comercio ambulante en los centros históricos de la Ciudad de México y de Lima
Authors: Stamm Caroline
Published: November 2021

Anti-icono urbano, el comercio callejero, ambulante o informal ha sido condenado por todos los actores urbanos y erradicado a través de políticas urbanas de reubicación, que lograron un consenso en la década de los noventas en el contexto de patrimonialización de los centros históricos. Sin embargo, parece insuficiente analizar estas políticas únicamente en relación a la liberación de los espacios urbanos y a la protección y puesta en escena del patrimonio. Estas acciones de las autoridades políticas buscaron también revertir las dinámicas de tolerancia y corrupción y afirmar la capacidad de gobernar de las autoridades metropolitanas y de sus ejecutivos.
Micro- entreprises et dynamique socio- économique alternative dans la región du Bío-Bío (Chili).
Authors: Mallard Bruno
Published: November 2021

Las innumerables micros actividades que integran en Chile la llamada economía popular o informal han ido adquiriendo un nuevo perfil en los últimos quince años. Ellas han conservado su relevancia cuantitativa, pero corresponden en su gran mayoría a establecimientos más bien consolidados, y hasta en una región considerada poco dinámica como la del Bío-Bío (VIIIa) se han convertido en una opción laboral muy valorada por los pobladores (habitantes de los sectores populares, o poblaciones). Tal evolución ha despertado entre observadores e instituciones oficiales un renovado interés por el estudio de la “pequeña producción urbana”. Pero las interpretaciones usuales, directamente inspiradas en el modelo clásico de la empresa y la actividad económica, fracasan en su intento de dar cuenta de su especificidad. Definir la identidad de dichos emprendimientos informales supone aprehenderlos desde la vinculación con su medio local originario: el de las poblaciones, que exhibe fuertes especificidades sociales y culturales. Visto desde este ángulo, los emprendimientos populares no se perfilan primordialmente como dispositivos económicos sino como totalidades sociales vertebradas por una pluralidad de lógicas. Su racionalidad mercantil no se despliega autónomamente, sino que se encuentra permanentemente relativizada y alterada por las otras dimensiones del vivir cotidiano de los actores: el contexto doméstico, el entorno comunitario, las lógicas de identidad y desarrollo personal… De esta manera, las microempresas populares abren una vía original en términos de organización socioeconómica, al margen de las normas y marcos ortodoxos del desarrollo.
Progreso, desarrollo y sustentabilidad ambiental en la ciudad: las tensiones sociedad- naturaleza en una hermenéutica de los territorios
Authors: Aliste Almuna Enrique
Published: November 2021

El presente trabajo busca dar una mirada panorámica a las transformaciones de la ciudad de Concepción (Chile) durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX y primera década del siglo XXI, para explorar las nociones y aproximaciones a la valoración social del medio natural y construido en tanto hermenéutica de los territorios. Se pretende, por lo tanto, poner en discusión aspectos que, en miradas de largo plazo, ayuden a concebir y discutir las nociones mismas de planificación y ordenamiento territorial, sobre el sentido que adquiere la idea de medio ambiente y qué lugar y desde dónde debe entenderse la sustentabilidad ambiental del desarrollo a la luz de un proceso de más de medio siglo en Chile y América Latina.
Nosotros hemos dejado nuestra juventud en este país. Experiencias laborales en la industria de la construcción estadounidense. El caso de trabajadores mexicanos en Carolina del Norte.
Authors: Rivermar Perez Maria Lecticia
Published: November 2021

En el contexto de los nuevos procesos de proletarización gestados por el modelo de acumulación flexible de capital, desde los años 80 se observa un incremento exponencial de los desplazamientos de trabajadores mexicanos hacia nuevos destinos en Estados Unidos. En este trabajo, analizamos la inserción precaria en la industria de la construcción de Carolina del Norte de varones en edades productivas originarios del municipio de Pahuatlán, Puebla, en el centro de México. El estudio se sustenta en entrevistas a profundidad, llevadas a cabo entre 2007-2012 en Pahuatlán y en la ciudad de Durham en octubre de 2013.
Habitar la calle, una pelea perdida de antemano
Authors: Graeff Lucas
Published: November 2021

Mediante el método etnográfico – observación directa prolongada, apoyado en un minucioso cuaderno de campo que relata las observaciones cotidianas y el establecimiento de relaciones de reciprocidad con las personas analizadas en el estudio- el autor presenta las tensiones y hostilidades relacionada con la presencia de personas en la ciudad que o tienen condiciones sociales, económicas o personales necesarias para el acceso a la vivienda y que, consecuentemente, duermen en la calle, en una carpa, debajo de un puente o en un refugio improvisado en Paris. Se trata de mostrar, en primer lugar, como es que las personas estudiadas constituyen y vuelven habitable la calle y, que al hacerlo se inscriben en la vida de un barrio. Paralelamente, se trata de revelar situaciones donde los métodos represivos de las fuerzas públicas y las autoridades públicas, son percibidos, ya sea a través de prácticas “suaves”, es decir las técnicas de prevención de un urbanismo vigilante establecidas por políticas urbanas, o por prácticas más “duras” que se traducen en la expulsión de los lugares ocupados.
Apropiacion y accion colectiva: ida y vuelta. El caso de una movilizacion ciudadana parea seguir formando parte del Centro Historico de Mexico
Authors: Vedie Marie
Published: November 2021

Este artículo pretende revelar la relación ente acción colectiva y apropiación del espacio, utilizando el caso de la movilización de una organización de arrendatarios en el Centro Histórico de México. Bajo el prisma de los conceptos diferenciados por Henri Lefebvre entre espacio dominado y espacio apropiado, el Centro Histórico aparece en primer lugar como un  espacio dominado, transformado por el poder. Personifica de manera paradigmática la puesta en escena del espacio del poder político, y también es el objeto desde el principio de los años 2000 de políticas destinadas a normalizar los usos de este espacio y a erradicar a los habitantes más pobres que lo habitan. En este contexto, definiremos las formas de apropiación del espacio de la acción colectiva de los habitantes movilizados para seguir habitando el Centro Histórico. Pondremos de manifiesto que la apropiación es el objetivo y a la vez la condición de la acción colectiva. En esta constante ida y vuelta, los militantes redefinen poco a poco el objeto de su apropiación: el hábitat en el Centro Histórico.
Comunidades nativas del lejano norte canadiense: impacto colonial, desarrollo cultural y propuestas de autodeterminación
Authors: FERNÁNDEZ DE LARRINOA KEPA
Published: November 2021

Este artículo examina el impacto colonial sobre las comunidades inuit del Ártico canadiense. Presenta los mecanismos por los que, primero, la colonización europea del Ártico y, luego, la consolidación política de los Estados-nación generaron pobreza, marginación, exclusión social y desestructuración comunitaria entre los ha-bitantes primigenios de esta región. Seguidamente, aborda las estrategias de resistencia política y cultural que los inuit adoptaron durante los años 1960, 1970 y 1980 en contra de las influencias sociales y económicas negativas llegadas desde el exterior de sus comunidades. Finalmente, se centra en la formalización en 1999 de un territorio inuit autónomo dentro de Canadá, Nunavut.
Territorios en mutación. Superación y desplazamiento de las fronteras interiores en la Patagonia chilena
Authors: RODRIGUEZ JUAN CARLOS
Published: November 2021

En la Patagonia chilena, los territorios de Aysén y Palena han sido históricamente considerados “fronteras interiores” del Estado Nacional. Sus espacios han sido apropiados material y simbólicamente por el pobla-miento espontáneo de dispersas unidades familiares vinculadas a actividades silvoagropecuarias y pesqueras tradicionales, configurándose un territorio sui generis distinto al de un país organizado con fuerte centralismo. Recientemente, tras casi un siglo desde la incorporación institucional de estos territorios, se vienen instalando modelos de desarrollo coherentes con imaginarios y fuerzas globales contrarios a los modos de vida locales, caracterizados por la agricultura familiar campesina (AFC).En este artículo se discuten los impactos locales de la mutación de los territorios por efecto del régimen de acu-mulación capitalista, los que ponen en juego las estrategias tradicionales de sobrevivencia frente a modelos extractivistas y de mercantilización de la naturaleza.
Una primera cronografía de la vida cotidiana del adulto mayor en los Alpes. Nuevas herramientas para favorecer la adaptación
Authors: GWIAZDZINSKI LUC , CHOLAT FLORENT
Published: November 2021

Cuando se toma el tiempo de conversar con un adulto mayor, nos obligan a cambiar la mirada sobre ellos e invitan a imaginar con ellos soluciones concordantes a sus necesidades y anhelos: Ya no queremos que nos consideren enfermos sino como verdaderos ciudadanos; No porque tengamos la misma edad, tenemos los mismos gustos o personalidad. Estos discursos, ponen en evidencia la importancia del territorio y de los servi-cios cotidianos en la calidad de vida: Si pudiéramos tener un buen sistema de transporte para desplazarnos, tendríamos más libertad de movimiento, sería más que suficiente. Integran la cuestión del envejecimiento en un contexto más global, incorporando la ciudad y la urbanidad: el derecho a la ciudad para todos aquí y ahora, independientemente de la edad. Agregan que Mientras pueda quedarme aquí en mi barrio, me quedaré. Se tomó ese tiempo de ir al encuentro de los adultos mayores para conocer su realidad.
Crónicas en Japón
Authors: Winckler Grez Patricio
Published: November 2021

Esta es una crónica poco académica, muy personal y sin un hilo conductor salvo aquel que aglutina varias experiencias, reflexiones y sensaciones sobre algunas visitas a Japón, entre 2017 y 2019. Chile y el país del Sol Naciente son asolados de cuando en vez por terremotos y tsunamis devastadores, nacidos en las zonas de subducción que los modelan. Sus habitantes, no obstante, devienen de culturas que se enfrentan de formas diversas a ese feroz destino. Movido por la curiosidad de un país hasta ese tiempo esquivo, moví las piezas en el camino más plano para ira respirar de sus templos, vivir de sus campus universitarios y conocer algo de la ciencia desde sus entrañas. Estas líneas y los videos que se incluyen como notas al final del texto recogen parte de esas experiencias.
Penerapan p-Median terhadap optimasi alokasi dan lokasi distribution center pada Sistem Logistik Pedesaan di Indonesia
Authors: Asmara Ely , Ichtiarto Bonivasius Prasetya
Published: November 2021

Every village has Village Superior Products (Prudes) which have economic value that can advance the economy of rural communities. However, the consolidation of the Prudes results is still not optimal, it can be seen from the poverty rate in rural areas which is still high when compared to the level of poverty in the city. To overcome this, it requires the efficiency and effectiveness of distribution centers in rural supply chain systems in order to consolidate the Prudes products from a number of villages to a number of customers/consumers. However, the main problem is how many distribution centers are needed and where are the distribution centers located in an area that has the same type of Prudes. Therefore, the aim of this research is to find the best location P from a number of candidates distribution centers (N = 59 villages) where P ≤ N. To achieve the objectives of this study, the P-Median method is used with the help of AMPL software as a data processing tool. in order to complete the model of the P-Median. The objective function of the P-Median model is to find the minimum value of the total cost based on distance (), production volume (), shipping costs (), and fixed cost () at a number of DC facilities. In the process before the completion of the P-Median model, the approach is first carried out proximity analysis which consists of the pre-qualification and qualification processes in determining candidate facility candidates distribution center. This approach was taken to cover the limitations of APML software in processing data. The result of this research is that the optimal number of DC facilities in five DC facilities with a total cost minimum of IDR 91.80 billion. Meanwhile, the facilities are distribution center located in the village of Sanuanggamo, North Tongauna District (P11), Awuliti Village, Lambuya District (P17), Mumundowu Village, Pondidaha District (P36), Duriasi Village, Wonggeduku District (P44), and Puday Village, West Wonggeduku District (P53).