bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the hyperelastic material behaviour of polyurethane in the context of structural sealant glazing
Authors: Reisewitz Tom , Pauli Alexander , Siebert Geralt
Published: January 2025

Structural glazing joints in glass construction are subject to dynamic earthquake loads in certain regions. To date, however, there is no recognized proposal for the design of such situations. The verification for earthquake loads is either neglected for glass structures or carried out with equivalent values for the entire building. Not considering the behaviour of the bonded joints under dynamic loading might be insufficient, especially in the presence of heavy glass elements.

Dynamic loads on bonded glass constructions influence the structural design concerning resistance and influence. The load-bearing capacity of the structural sealant might be reduced on the one-hand side, while the impact on the bond might be decreased on the other-hand side.

Silicone adhesives have been used almost exclusively for structural sealant glazing (SSG) since the 1970s. This is partly due to the special UV resistance. However, the facade industry has developed enormously since then and there are many solutions to counteract UV radiation. Therefore, other robust adhesives should also be considered for SSG applications. Especially for catastrophic scenarios such as dynamic earthquake loads or hurricanes, where very large deformations and high load velocities can occur within the bond, it is of interest to find more suitable materials. Previous studies have shown that polyurethanes could be a suitable choice for this application.

A more thorough investigation of the structural performance of polyurethane within bonded glass structures under different loading scenarios is urgently required and an appropriate material model is essential. The calibration of this model is crucial to better understand the performance under dynamic loading. Identify the material parameters for this model based on DMTA and tensile tests seems promising.
State of the Art of Seismic Isolation Systems in Latin America
Authors: Mendez-Galindo Carlos , Delgado Trejo Juan Carlos , Rojas-Palacios Julio , Duran-Perez Abraham , Mendez-Galindo Alejandro , Mateus-Sanchez Carolina , Villa-Galindo Jonathan
Published: January 2025

This paper provides a review of seismic isolation systems in Latin America. Seismic isolation is essential for preventing structural damage and maintaining functionality during and after earthquakes, especially for critical infrastructure such as hospitals and bridges. Key systems, including lead rubber bearings and friction pendulum bearings, are analyzed for their effectiveness in controlling dynamic responses. The paper also highlights the increasing use of these systems in Latin America. Recent earthquakes in Chile, Mexico, and Peru demonstrate the success of seismic isolation in reducing structural damage. The importance of independent certification and testing is discussed to ensure that these systems meet performance standards and enhance the resilience of infrastructure in seismic regions.
The outstanding construction of the new Boca del Cerro bridge in Mexico
Authors: Ortega Miguel , Atanasio Pedro , Ugarte Jokin , Rincón Kevin
Published: January 2025

The New Boca del Cerro Bridge is situated in southern Mexico (city council of Tenosique, Tabasco) and is the most emblematic structure of Section 1 of the new “Tren Maya” railway. Located in a Protected Area and a strategic crossing pint where exists an Arch Bridge built in 1950, the new bridge was designed to be as invisible as possible with the aim of generating minimal intrusion nor competition with the existing bridge, thus maintaining and enhancing the beauty of the enclave.

The structural solution selected to effectively achieve all these design factors was a variable depth composite truss spanning the entire river course by means of embedment in two lateral concrete compensation spans, resulting a span distribution of 30+160+30 m. The selection of the structural typology was also strongly conditioned by the advantages of the construction process considered: incremental cantilevered erection of the main span from both side spans, independently of the river.
Rehabilitation and replacement of bridges and railroad tracks of “Línea K”
Authors: Ortega Miguel , Ruano Fernando , Atanasio Pedro , Ugarte Jokin , Suz Alberto , Rincón Kevin
Published: January 2025

The project for the rehabilitation and replacement of bridges and railroad tracks of the railway line known as “Linea K” is being developed as part of the modernization of the Interoceanic Railway. The railway line runs some 450 km parallel to the pacific coast, from Ixtepec (Oaxaca) to Ciudad Hidalgo (Chiapas), through one of the most seismically active zones in Mexico.

The Line Rehabilitation Project consists of 445 bridges, of which some will be rehabilitated and most will be replaced by new bridges. Within the new bridges, stands out the Huixtla urban viaduct, at the city of Huixtla. The structural solution for the new bridges consists of simply supported composite spans. In general, decks consist of twin steel girders with an upper reinforced concrete slab.
Design principles to use brittle material glass for resilient facades
Authors: Siebert Geralt , Siebert Barbara
Published: January 2025

There is almost no facade without glass, glass as transparent material brings light and energy in buildings. Glass is known as brittle material, in case of failure – which occurs suddenly without warning – it shows no residual strength. Using the right glass products and appropriate design principles, robust and redundant facades can be constructed. Special attention is needed for details of structural design: small deviation in support conditions can have critical effects and penetrating water has a high potential of internal damage – often effecting energy performance and lifespan of structure. Using photovoltaic elements, a contribution for energy performance is possible.

The paper gives an overview of different glass products including interlayer types, their appropriate bearing methods and principle of design. Examples of built facades for new buildings show challenging applications.
Bataan Cavite Interlink Bridge - Foundation Design For Extreme Conditions
Authors: Yip Sammy , Hussain Naeem , Kite Steve , Ferraz Ricardo , Venkatesha Vikas
Published: January 2025

The Bataan-Cavite Interlink Bridge (BCIB) is a proposed 32km sea-crossing bridge at the mouth of Manila Bay, Philippines. It comprises land viaducts, 30km of marine viaduct and two cable-stayed navigation bridges of 400m and 900m spans. The bridge has to cater for extreme conditions of deep water, seismicity, typhoons and ship impact. These have the biggest influence on the foundation design. The paper will describe the development of the foundation design against ship impact and the seismic lateral force resisting system of the cable stayed bridges and the marine viaduct. The cable stayed bridges’ towers are supported by caisson foundation, and viscous dampers are used to dissipate the energy during 2500-year return period design earthquakes. The marine viaduct deck is seismically isolated by friction pendulum bearings and supported by piled foundation.
Computer Vision-based Algorithm for Deformation Monitoring in Bridge Construction Research
Authors: Yuan Weixin , Gao Wei , Wang Wei , Wu Jishu , Liu Chao
Published: January 2025

The aim of this paper is to present a methodology for the detection of deformations in bridges during construction. Using the YOLOv5 model, a detection and localization model was trained to identify checkerboard targets. Relevant features were then extracted from the detected target patterns. To determine changes in target poses, the correspondence was established between 3D world coordinates and 2D pixel coordinates. Utilizing this correspondence, the real-time target poses were calculated, providing valuable insights into the magnitude and direction of deformations. The proposed visual deformation measurement method is dependent on the target and the camera, enabling real-time and cost-effective measurements of target displacement. The experimental results demonstrated the efficacy of our approach, which exhibited remarkable accuracy and robustness.
Damage characterisation using stand-off observations to enable recovery: the case of infrastructure affected by targeted attacks
Authors: Mitoulis Stergios-Aristoteles , Kopiika Nadiia , Ninić Jelena , Karavias Andreas , Krassakis Pavlos , Koukouzas Nikolaos , Shakhovska Nataliya , Argyroudis Sotirios
Published: January 2025

During conflicts, bridges are prime targets due to their strategic importance in transportation and economic growth. Their destruction hampers resilience efforts, delaying economic recovery. Limited research exists on characterising bridge damage via stand-off observations. This paper integrates diverse data sources and emerging technologies for comprehensive bridge damage assessment based on stand-off observations using remote sensing techniques. A case study in Ukraine employs Sentinel-1 SAR images, crowd-sourced data, and deep learning techniques to assess damage at various scales, from regional, to asset and component scale. This approach facilitates swift decision-making for infrastructure development and restoration planning. By providing crucial intelligence to decision-makers and funders, it aids in prioritising recovery investments and expediting post-disaster resilience planning for critical infrastructure.
Damage Detection in a Steel Arch Bridge Model Using a Convolutional Neural Network Focused on the High Frequency Bands
Authors: Akahoshi Kana , Hayashi Gen , Furuta Hitoshi , Yamaguchi Takashi
Published: January 2025

The detection of bridge damage by learning the acceleration response, frequency response, etc., as images using convolutional neural networks has been shown to be effective. However, how the differences in the damage location and member types affect the dynamic response remains unclear. Clarification of these influences may be useful for improving the accuracy of damage detection and reducing the number of sensors required. This study performed a dynamic analysis under various damage cases for the finite element steel arch bridge model. As damage was observed to affect different frequency bands up to 200 Hz, a convolutional neural network trained on frequency responses in this range was able to identify the location and level of damage as small as a 10% reduction in the thickness using only two sensors. This model was also shown to be effective in cases involving multiple damage locations and levels.
Field tests on two structures to assess integrity, efficient maintenance strategy, soil/structure interaction, risk profile, and seismic response.
Authors: Jeary Alan , Winant Thomas , Bunyan John , Earl William , Larsen Ron
Published: January 2025

The approach of using ambient excitation from natural sources to establish a baseline signature for the structure is shown to be both viable and allows advantages for understanding structural behavior. The baseline consists of an estimate of all aspects of the response of the structure that are necessary to define it mathematically. The baseline signature enabled the identification of the major modes of vibration, their frequencies of resonance, the associated damping ratios (energy dissipation) and the deformed shapes under resonance conditions. The excitation source was purely generated from ambient sources (breezes and human activity) as well as light traffic, and this paper considers their use on two buildings. Examples of how these techniques were used on data collected from two buildings in the field are presented in this paper, and these are analyzed so as to assess the integrity of the structures.
Sustainability Through Material Optimization in Mumbai Trans Harbour Link Package II
Authors: Raghavendra Kalloori Saiguru , Curran Peter
Published: January 2025

The Mumbai Trans Harbour Link (MTHL) project is a major infrastructure development initiative in India, connecting Mumbai and Navi Mumbai through the construction of India's longest sea bridge. This paper presents the material optimization techniques and upcycling in construction material adopted in the MTHL project (Package II). It is achieved through nonlinear analysis and the adoption of efficient structural systems, which helped in reducing the project's carbon footprint. After evaluating the project's sustainability, considering its environmental, social, and economic dimensions, this paper demonstrates that the MTHL has the potential to positively impact the local economy, reduce carbon emissions, and provide social benefits.
Experimental Analysis of Costa Rican Partially Grouted Masonry for Micro-Modeling Integration
Authors: Hidalgo-Leiva Diego , Álvarez-Yee Aura
Published: January 2025

This research centers on the mechanical characterization of materials, contact surfaces, and material interactions essential for modeling Partially Grouted Reinforced Masonry utilized in Costa Rica. Employing a micro-modeling approach, which necessitates a more extensive parameter set compared to macro or mezzo models, identified around 70 crucial parameters for accurately modeling the behavior of a full-scale masonry wall. The characterization process integrates empirical findings, theoretical values from the literature, and derived properties from pre-existing models. The findings presented herein constitute a valuable resource for the precise implementation of micro-modeling techniques tailored to the unique attributes of this specific masonry type.
Open-source analysis software: an opportunity
Authors: Pérez Tato Luis C.
Published: January 2025

Today, structural engineers can access a good amount of high-quality open-source analysis so'ware, opening up possibili*es for innova*on unthinkable a few years ago.

Despite their large development as a whole, structural analysis so'ware has not advanced much in terms of interoperability. In general, they func*on as black boxes well suited for a certain purpose but almost impossible to adapt to other problem types or to the par*cular needs of a project. Furthermore, data sharing capabili*es are never a priority for obvious reasons.

This ar*cle demonstrates how free so'ware can be used, in prac*ce, to create customized analysis tools that can be easily adapted to di0erent purposes. The proposed methodology allows engineers to gain complete control over their design tools and to acquire a deep knowledge of how they work and, therefore, the ability to imagine improvements or new applica*ons.
Monitoring and Evaluation of Tension Loss in Cables of Cable-Stayed Bridges: a Case Study
Authors: Quang Minh Tran , Cam Nhung Nguyen Thi , Duc Binh Nguyen , Bui Nguyen Hoang , Van Thuc Ngo
Published: January 2025

Cable is one of the most important parts and plays a major role in the structure of cable-stayed bridges. Monitoring and evaluating cable tension is a practical task contributing to cable-stayed bridges' stable and safe operation. During operation, there are many different causes for the loss of tension in the cable. This study performed a field test to measure the tension in the Can Tho cable- stayed bridge. The comparison results with the as-built document show that, after more than a decade of operation, there has been a tension loss in all cables of Can Tho cable-stayed bridge. There are many causes for this situation. An overall analysis based on the survey conditions from the bridge will be carried out. From there, the main cause of tension loss of Can Tho cable-stayed bridge can be determined. This contributes to providing effective solutions for the bridge to work well and sustainably in the future.
Prototyping Fully Autonomous Bridge Visual Inspection based on mobile robots with visual recognition capabilities
Authors: Narazaki Yasutaka , Shi Mingyu , Meng Linlong
Published: January 2025

This research discusses the technical roadmap and prototype development for replacing the human inspectors for bridge visual inspection by autonomous robots. The envisioned mobile robotic system first navigates and collects high-quality image data of critical structural components based on its own visual recognition of the bridge inspection scenes. The collected data is further post-processed to provide information about structural conditions. Preliminary results in structural component recognition and navigation planning steps are presented. Then, ongoing work to integrate those subsystems into a prototype autonomous system in the laboratory environment is discussed. Finally, the challenges that need to be addressed to realize such a complex autonomous system that performs tasks in the field environment are discussed. This work will motivate further investigations to accelerate the ongoing transformation in autonomous structural inspection.
Rapid Bridge Replacement of the Highway 400 Overpass in Toronto, Canada
Authors: Wu Yen
Published: January 2025

The conventional methods of construction are the dominant techniques for today’s bridge construction practice. However, such methods may impose significant disruptions to traffic. An innovative technique, the Rapid Bridge Replacement (RBR), was used for the superstructure replacement of the overpass at Highway 400 & Finch Avenue West as part of the Finch West LRT (FWLRT) project. This safe and efficient method cut down the two years of staged construction to two 55-hour weekend closures, reducing the impact to traffic and the community, and ultimately contributing to a smaller environmental footprint for the project. On June 22nd, 2020, at 5 a.m., the new bridge opened to unrestricted traffic, marking the successful on-schedule completion of the bridge replacement.
Construction of J.P. Magufuli Extradosed Cable-Stayed Bridge (3.0km) at Mwanza, Tanzania near Kigongo/Busisi Ferry.
Authors: Kaswaga Katelula Salum
Published: January 2025

The J.P. Magufuli extradosed bridge is currently under construction. The bridge crossing Lake Victoria has an overall length of 3,000m and a deck width of 28.45m to accommodate 4 lanes of

3.5m wide carriageway of vehicular traffic, the shoulder of 2.5m+2.5m for emergency parking and vehicle breakdown on each side, 2.5m+2.5m footpath for pedestrians on each side, and median of

2.45m. The structural arrangement of the main bridge is 100m+160m+160m+100m = 520m, the approach bridge PSC beam bridge L = 2480m (including 31@40=1240m on each side). The Superstructure is the extradosed bridge with RCC deck with three RCC Pylon of 18.856m height. The girder heights in the mid-span and end-span are 5.4m and 3.2m, respectively. This paper discusses the construction aspects of the J.P. Magufuli bridge along with the details of a special traveling formwork (Form-Traveller) that is used to enable the balanced cantilever construction, Pylons, PC House construction for the Pile Cap, and Deck Slab Partial Depth Panel for Deck Slab Construction.
Maintenance Plan and Durability Design for the New Samuel De Champlain Bridge
Authors: Nader Marwan , Choi Carol , Vo Nhan , Sanjines Alex
Published: January 2025

Opened in 2019, the new Samuel De Champlain Bridge in Montreal, Canada is one of the busiest bridges in North America. The 3.4-km long-span bridge across the St. Lawrence River is comprised of three structures: A 529 m signature span featuring an asymmetric Cable-Stayed Bridge, a 762 m East Approach, and a 2044 m West Approach. Due to its geographical location, this lifeline structure faces unique engineering design challenges including extreme cold temperatures, ice abrasion, de- icing salt attacks, wind, vessel collision, scour, and seismic hazards, while meeting its design life of 125 years. A comprehensive durability plan as well as access and maintenance plans were developed by the design-build team to address material selections, the corrosion protection system, construction quality and inspection, element replacement intervals, and maintenance equipment, including the under-bridge maintenance gantry (UBMG) and electronic superstructure shuttle/ vehicle as keys to the longevity of the bridge.
Analysis of inelastic buckling of I steel beam in different standards and numerical method
Authors: Duc Binh Nguyen , Pham Van Phe , Quang Minh Tran , B.Valente Isabel , Jandera Michal , Matos José C.
Published: January 2025

The inelastic buckling resistances of steel beams are complicated and heavily influenced by residual stresses and initial imperfections. However, in the majority of studies and current steel structure design standards, residual stress and initial imperfections are not typically considered for. Typically, research focuses solely on residual stress, ignoring the fact that initial imperfections have a significant impact on inelastic buckling resistances. Thus, the present study developed a numerical solution in the ABAQUS software to investigate the inelastic buckling moment resistances of rolled steel beams with compact sections that are subjected to the effects of residual stresses considering initial imperfections. Through comparisons between the specifications (EC3; AISC; JSCE; GB2003; TCVN) and numerical solutions, the study demonstrated the disparity in the results of calculating the inelastic resistance be‐tween the standards. The results indicate that in the inelastic region, the resistance values calculated from the numerical solution are quite near to the EC3 results. When initial imperfections and residual stress are disregarded in the numerical model, the resistances are near to the value of the total yielding moment.
Functional Recovery and Rehabilitation For New and Existing Infrastructure
Authors: leon Roberto T.
Published: January 2025

The rehabilitation of existing structures and the incorporation of functional recovery principles for new structures are themes of great relevance for structural engineers in the USA today. Sustainability and community resilience paradigms require that building owners carefully assess conditions of existing infrastructure before deciding on whether to rehabilitate or replace the structure. Once that decision is made, another important criterion is whether the structure needs to comply with functional recovery performance goals. The limit state of functional recovery is required in the USA for new government buildings by a series of executive orders and presidential policy directives issued over the last 10 years. Recently, the Building Seismic Safety Council sponsored a workshop for federal agencies interested in these two topics. The conclusions of those workshops indicate that while most agencies are eager to adopt new guidelines, the agencies have little guidance or experience to help them satisfy these new requirements. In addition, it is unclear how new technologies and materials, manpower and training shortages, and cost issues will impact implementation. This paper reports on the background, code framework, and possible solutions to these issues.
Study of Doming in Structure from Motion for Retaining Wall Inspection
Authors: Wondolowski Maxwell , Hain Alexandra , Motaref Sarira , Grilliot Michael
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the utilization of Structure from Motion Photogrammetry (SfM) in lab and field settings to identify bulging and leaning in masonry retaining walls, then compare the results with Structured-Light Scanning (SLS) and LiDAR. SfM's value as a cost-effective and potentially accurate alternative to LiDAR or SLS is explored while its susceptibility to doming distortions is discussed. Through controlled trials and comparative analysis using CloudCompare, the mitigation of doming distortions is examined alongside its impact on the quality of SfM-generated 3D models. This comprehensive study uncovers the potential of SfM as a reliable tool for retaining wall inspection while also emphasizing the importance of strategic implementation that considers inherent limitations for accurate and data-centered structural assessments.
Load rating of an in-service bridge integrating Bridge Weigh-in-Motion data and load test results
Authors: Marín Mauricio , Marulanda Johannio , Thomson Peter
Published: January 2025

Old bridges subjected to current service loads are affected by the increased traffic flow and higher load-carrying capacity of new trucks. For structural assessment, knowing the actual loads over the bridge is crucial to obtain realistic results. Bridge Weigh-in-Motion (B-WIM) system facilitates decisions such as posting, construction of a new bridge, reinforcement, or rehabilitation of the structure since it is possible to know the actual loads. In this study, B-WIM data and load tests results are integrated to perform the load rating of an in-service bridge, located in Cali, Colombia. The bridge has prestressed girders with severe deterioration. The sensors deployed are strain gauges and a video camera for speed and axle identification, and for vehicle weight estimation. Data were analyzed for a critical load case and a strain threshold was proposed to trigger possible overloading events. Distribution factors, dynamic amplification factors, and the live-load factor were analyzed for in-service data. Important variations in the load rating factor were observed using in-service data.
Structural Health Monitoring of an Incrementally Launched Extradosed Stay Cable Bridge
Authors: Ravjee Sachin , Kotzé Johan , Bettencourt Phillip , Skorpen Sarah , Kearsley Elsabe
Published: January 2025

Senqu Bridge will be the largest of three bridges constructed to cross the Polihali Reservoir as part of Phase II of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP). The bridge will be 825 m long, comprising of 2 x 37.5 m end spans, 13 x 50 m main spans and 1 x 100 m Extradosed Stay Cable span, with piers reaching heights of around 90 m in the mountainous Lesotho valley. The concrete box girders will be incrementally launched from both abutments, with the Extradosed Stay Cables stressed during the launch to compensate for the varying launching moments. The bridge will have a Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system installed to verify and adjust the design parameters during the construction process. The measured data will help to optimise the prestressing in the deck and stay cables as well as for adjustment of bearings and expansion joints. This paper discusses the detailed layout of the instrumentation as well as the expected behavioural trends during construction.
Proposal for the Extension of Simulation Models by Integrating a Virtual Sensor Concept into the Monitoring Process of Load-Bearing Glass Façades
Authors: Nießer Nathalie , Siebert Geralt
Published: January 2025

In civil engineering, monitoring structures is crucial for assessing potential damage. Challenges in integrating physical sensors with numerical simulations arise from the assumptions of 'perfect' conditions in simulations, which complicate damage predictions. This issue is significant in structures with unpredictable damage patterns, such as load-bearing glass façades, where the risk of sudden pane failure limits broader applications, despite the proven load capacity. The proposed solution is a 'soft sensor' or hybrid digital twin that merges physical sensor data with virtual models, and is significantly enhanced by machine learning to provide more accurate structural condition predictions. This approach enhances monitoring efficiency and accuracy, improves the reliability and safety of such structures, and promotes sustainable and efficient construction practices.
Instrumented micropiles load tests at future Bridge El Salvador - Guatemala: some insights.
Authors: Millán Luis , Vargas Luis Ángel , Coto Mauricio
Published: January 2025

The government of El Salvador is currently building a new bridge to connect the frontier between El Salvador and Guatemala in the Hachadura / Pedro de Alvarado sector. Due to ground conditions principally gravel and boulders, micropile foundations were designed to carry the loads of two abutments and two piers along the bridge. The micropiles consisted of cement slurry reinforced with a steel pipe. The micropiles have an overall diameter of 24-26 cm and depths from 19 to 24 m. Two static load tests (SLT) were executed at each margin of the river on non-definitive locations to an ultimate load of 3 MN. The piles were instrumented with LVDTs and dial gauges to measure the head and toe settlement, and with strain gauges for account for the load distribution at several levels. In this paper, the results of these tests will be presented, including a discussion of challenges for them, which lead to different insights and learning experiences for this kind of elements.
Full-probabilistic reliability approach for the calibration of traffic load models on highway bridges
Authors: Martinolli Stefan , Taras Andreas
Published: January 2025

This study aims to present an alternative approach to the usual semi-probabilistic approach for the calibration of a traffic load model by considering both action and resistance side of the bridge structures. The traffic load models are therefore calibrated by matching the calculated system reliability with the target reliability proposed by the standards by using an optimisation algorithm by including the traffic load sensitivity factors as weight-factors. The presented framework is applied to a selection of simplified example-bridges and axle load sequences based on traffic simulations and is then compared to the semi-probabilistic approach. The proposed workflow highlights additional safeties when considering longer span bridges in bending or composite bridges, but needs special consideration for concrete shear failure modes due to the high assumed resistance model uncertainties.
Multi-risk Assessment for a Long Span Cable Stayed Bridge in Bangladesh
Authors: Sánchez Jiménez José Luis , Cea Soriano Fernando
Published: January 2025

Matlab Uttar – Gazaria Bridge is an 1850 m long bridge in Bangladesh, with a cable stayed main span of 400 m. The location of the bridge requires facing a multiple risk scenario. Firstly, monsoon climate causes yearly floods, constraining construction activities. The rivers’ course varies significantly with the years, and large scouring at the foundations needs to be considered. Typhonic winds are relatively frequent. The bridge is in an active seismic risk area. Also, the navigation traffic requires a 10 000 DWT vessel impact scenario. The design of a long span cable stayed bridge with such set of risks requires an adequate approach with a thorough analysis of the reliability, stablishing several risk levels for each hazard and defining an adequate simultaneity assessment.
Prioritization of structures for reassessment considering the value of information
Authors: Hajdin Rade , Diederich Holger
Published: January 2025

The steady increase in traffic loads in recent decades and the growing number of overweight vehi- cles crossing the bridges was not foreseen when many existing bridges were designed.

If one were to compare the internal forces of today's code actions with the bygone ones in a purely deterministic manner approx. 1500 bridges were to be structurally reassessed on Swiss National High- way System only. A probabilistic screening, on the other hand, which is also permitted by the Swiss codes, was deployed to evaluate reliability index in order to sort out bridges that meet reliability index requirements.

Due to the large number of bridges, it proved purposeful to determine under which circumstances the costs of a structural analysis and any resulting measures are justified by reducing the operational risk. In other words: When is the value of information from a structural analysis net positive?
A Reduced-order Modelling Approach for Vibration Mitigation Design of Long-span Suspension Bridges
Authors: Liu Zhanhang , Chen Lin , Sun Limin , El Damatty Ashraf
Published: January 2025

Long-span suspension bridges are susceptible to vibrations under the influence of wind loads, such as vortex-induced vibrations, which make the dynamic analysis of bridges incorporating mechanical damping devices crucial. This study introduces a reduced-order modelling approach, which ensures computational accuracy while significantly reducing computation time comparing with traditional full-bridge finite element model and is thus applicable to parametric design of dampers. A suspension bridge with a main span of 1650 meters was chosen for numerical validation, with damped outriggers employed as damping enhancement measurement. The dynamic characteristics of the bridge were computed respectively using both the finite element model and the proposed reduced-order model. The results indicate that the new approach demonstrates both efficiency and accuracy, proving its effectiveness in vibration mitigation design of suspension bridges.
Puente (colgante) Hålogalandsbrua: un desafío dinámico en el Círculo Polar Ártico
Authors: Stirnimann Fabio , Rodríguez Hansel García
Published: January 2025

El Puente colgante Hålogalandsbrua inaugurado en diciembre de 2018 es el más largo de su tipo dentro del círculo polar ártico. Su concepción, construcción y operación implicaron muchos retos tanto logísticos como estructurales. Este artículo se centra en los dispositivos de transmisión de choque instalados en las torres del puente y que proveen estabilidad ante acciones dinámicas repentinas.

El artículo ha sido expresamente redactado en castellano con el fin de promover la aplicación de Unidades de Transmisión de Choque (UTC, STU en inglés) en Latinoamérica, donde su uso es todavía limitado.
Validación numérica del comportamiento para un prototipo de galápago () del cable principal de un puente colgante
Authors: Londoño Piedrahita Cristian Camilo , Hernandez Wilson , Durán Wilson Herrón
Published: January 2025

La solución de tipología de puente colgante con longitud de vano hasta 70 m para conectar vías veredales en topografías accidentadas conlleva la implementación de tecnologías emergentes y locales. La silleta, también conocida como galápago, para fijación de los cables principales en las torres del puente presentada es una propuesta adaptada al contexto colombiano (en referente a geometría, análisis y diseño) para un puente colgante existente. Se realizó un modelo numérico de elementos finitos del puente colgante y del dispositivo para revisar su desempeño durante etapa de servicio y evento extremo, así como condiciones de borde no lineales para el galápago. Se presentan recomendaciones para el modelamiento del dispositivo para obtener su comportamiento numérico acorde a los planteado en la concepción del diseño del galápago.
Diseño de vigas postensadas en el puente sobre el Arroyo Riachuelo en Ruta 1 (Uruguay): comparativa entre normativa local y AASHTO LRFD
Authors: Russi Adrián , Ganemian Iván , Valenzuela Matias
Published: January 2025

En Uruguay la normativa utilizada en cuanto al diseño de puentes corresponde al Código Europeo, a diferencia de otros países de la región que utilizan AASHTO. Por esta razón, el presente trabajo de investigación se enfoca en comparar los resultados obtenidos en el diseño de vigas longitudinales de hormigón postensado del puente sobre el arroyo Riachuelo en ruta 1 en Uruguay, aplicando ambas normativas.

El análisis concluye que, a pesar de las diferencias en cargas y combinación de acciones, se alcanzan resultados comparables en las verificaciones de servicio, aunque levemente distintas para la rotura por momento flectores, cortantes y rasantes entre hormigones de distinta edad.
Diseño estructural de trincheras dobles en la concesión urbana Americo Vespucio oriente avo en Santiago de Chile
Authors: Seguel Ramirez José Luis , Quiroga Claudio Morales
Published: January 2025

La Concesión Américo Vespucio Oriente, AVO, es una autopista urbana ubicada en Santiago de Chile que viene a entregar continuidad a una importante arteria vial de dicha ciudad. Su diseño comprendió el desarrollo de distintas tipologías estructurales a lo largo de su trazado, entregando soluciones a los desafíos derivados de su emplazamiento en medio de sectores de gran desarrollo urbanístico. Dentro de las soluciones utilizadas, destacan los sectores con tipologías de trincheras enterradas o falsos túneles, teniendo cada uno características particulares donde fue necesario aplicar una serie de recursos estructurales, entre ellos los que se cuentan: trincheras dobles (en dos niveles) para albergar dos calzadas de 3 pistas de circulación en cada nivel, uno superior y otro inferior; trincheras con pilotes largos y pilotes cortos requeridos por método constructivo para generar los dos niveles; losas postensadas macizas con luces de hasta 30.0 m, otras aligeradas, de hasta 1.70 m de espesor de losa, y diseños de trincheras con etapa de construcción futura para su ejecución prevista en 10 años más; todo lo anterior convirtió a este proyecto estructural en uno lleno de singularidades y desafíos sumado a una problemática de restricciones del entorno y grandes dimensiones de elementos e intervenciones. El objetivo principal del presente trabajo es analizar los diversas soluciones y desafíos estructurales y técnicos de las trincheras dobles de la Concesión AVO, y como estas se fueron complejizando a medida que cambiaban la geometría, las cargas y las condiciones de borde.
Could a grouped design approach of bridges increase productivity and decrease cost and climate impact?
Authors: Lagerkvist Johan , Rempling Rasmus , Bosch-Sijtsema Petra , Lædre Ola , Carlsson Fredrik , Karlsson Mats
Published: January 2025

Transport infrastructure is a crucial part of the society. At the same time, the construction industry is responsible for a large amount of the used material resources in the world. It is also an essential part of the economic growth in many countries. At the same time, the construction industry lags behind in productivity. One way to be responsible for natural resources is to optimise every bridge that is designed and built. In large infrastructure projects that include an essential number of bridges, there might be a potential to optimise groups of bridges. Grouped design of bridge members or bridges could lead to improved design and construction productivity and cost- effectiveness. With reduced time, it would be possible to complete the project earlier and thereby generate benefits for society earlier. This feasibility study discusses how grouping and standardisation of bridges could be used to deliver cost, production and climate-effective bridges.
Comparison of the behavior of Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures Designed with low Ductility and High Ductility
Authors: Muñoz Irigoyen Carlos Alejandro , López Bátiz. Oscar Alberto , de la Cruz Sebastián Serrano Vega José
Published: January 2025

This study presents a comparative analysis of the behavior of reinforced concrete frame structures, with an emphasis on the influence of reinforcement and detailing in connections. During the earthquakes that occurred in Turkey on February 6, 2023, the performance of this type of system without proper connection detailing was inadequate. In this article, the behavior of three buildings is analytically simulated, considering three levels of detailing: the first with a strength-based detailing level, the second with a low ductility level (Q=2), and the third with a high ductility level (Q=4). The obtained results highlight the influence of detailing on the behavior of reinforced concrete structures under seismic incidents.
Fibre-reinforced post-tension anchoring zone – an experimental comparison of reinforcement configurations
Authors: Ekström Daniel , Rempling Rasmus , Fernandez Ignasi , Berocal Carlos Gil , Bengtsson Ludwig , Nordek Anton , Flansbjer Mathias
Published: January 2025

Prestressed concrete structures have numerous advantages over conventionally reinforced concrete, though the usage of post-tensioned structures has declined over the last two decades. An essential design detail in post-tensioned structures is the anchorage zones. In this study an experimental comparison is presented for post-tensioned anchorage zones. The study evaluates the load-deformation response and cracking of three different configurations. In total, six specimens are tested experimentally by subjecting them to centric loading until clear crack formations were observed. The evaluation and comparison of the three different configurations are done by comparing the data obtained from the tests. The results presented in this paper are expected to provide further knowledge to develop and improve the contemporary design approach and construction of bridges.
UAV-Visual Inspection: Bridge Condition Assessment Over a Decade
Authors: Cervantes Estefanía , Flores Karen , Lantsoght Eva , Matos José C.
Published: January 2025

Bridges, essential for economic and social development, face significant deterioration due to aging and environmental factors. Consequently, assessing the condition of reinforced concrete bridges is essential to anticipate their future performance and optimize maintenance, rehabilitation, and replacement needs. While traditional visual inspections are widely used, the integration of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) presents a more efficient approach, particularly in inaccessible areas. This article presents a comprehensive evaluation of the condition of a bridge over a decade through a case study in Ecuador. The assessment revealed significant deterioration in several structural elements, especially the substructure and road elements. These findings underscore the urgent need to improve maintenance practices and integrate advanced inspection techniques to ensure the safety and longevity of bridges in Ecuador.
Análisis sísmico y prueba de vibración ambiental del Puente Infiernillo I, Michoacán, México
Authors: Hernández Barrios Hugo , Arce León Carlos , Delgado Trejo Juan Carlos , Delgado Rodríguez Carlos Hugo
Published: January 2025

El estado de Michoacán se encuentra ubicado en una de las zonas de mayor actividad sísmica en México. De los sismos registrados desde 1900 con magnitud mayor a 7,5, el 20% han tenido su epicentro en Michoacán. Particularmente, dos eventos ocurridos el 19 de septiembre de 1985 (M 8,1) y de 2022 (M 7,7) han causado cuantiosas pérdidas en vidas humanas y económicas.

El puente Infiernillo I se ubica en el kilómetro 51+500 de la autopista Morelia-Lázaro Cárdenas, en Michoacán, México. Está formado por ocho tramos con longitud total de 325 m, los tramos centrales de 102 m cuentan con una estructuración con base en dos armaduras de acero estructural, mientras que los cinco tramos laterales de 25 m son con 7 trabes de concreto presforzado AASHTO tipo IV

En este trabajo se realiza un análisis elástico lineal del comportamiento sísmico del puente Infiernillo I, considerando como excitación los registros sísmicos obtenidos durante el evento del 19 de septiembre de 1985 y de una serie de registros sintéticos. Además, se presentan los resultados de pruebas de vibración ambiental realizadas con fin de identificar sus propiedades dinámicas y realizar la comparación con las obtenidas en forma numérica. De esta forma se pueden calibrar los modelos y realizar simulaciones representativas de la estructura real e incluso detectar daño en las estructuras.
The Framework for a Comprehensive Bridge Management Platform Developed by Kinemetrics
Authors: Aguero Marlon , Skolnik Derek , Ciudad-Real Mauricio , Bowers Matthew , Ventura Carlos
Published: January 2025

In this paper we present the workings of a new platform designated for assessment and management of a large number of bridges. The platform combines advanced inspection and testing techniques, digital twinning, and Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). The overall goal of the framework developed by Kinemetrics is to construct an SHM platform that will efficiently monitor the safety and reliability of bridge infrastructure in big cities. However, on a more general level, our aim is to increase public safety as well as to reduce life cycle costs of bridge maintenance. For this reason, this project draws special attention to asset management that is supported by appropriate SHM and digital twin technologies. Moreover, this framework takes into account the ways the proposed platform can be successfully implemented for two types of possible events: regular SHM as well as the required examination subsequent to sudden disasters, such as earthquakes.
Frames with Round Hollow Structural Section and W Shape Intentionally Eccentric Braces
Authors: Zamora Durán María José , Martínez Vargas Daniel , González Ureña Andrés
Published: January 2025

Offsetting the axis of an otherwise conventional steel brace with respect to the forces’ line of action modifies its force-displacement response and brings about significant benefits for earthquake- resistant design. When used in multi-storey Frames with Intentionally Eccentric Braces (FIEBs), the adjustable eccentricity of Braces with Intentional Eccentricity (BIEs) grants a better control over the dynamic behaviour of the structure and reduces incidental overstrength.

In this article, the suitability of round Hollow Structural Sections (HSS) and W shapes as bracing members in FIEBs is investigated. To this end, prototype buildings of varying height with round HSS and W shape-based FIEBs as seismic-force-resisting systems are designed and subjected to Non- Linear Response-History Analysis (NLRHA). The resulting buildings offer a satisfactory response to earthquake loading, indicating that the considered sections are apt for use as BIEs in FIEBs.
Experimental study on the feasibility of a centrifugal precast pipe column with a socket connection
Authors: Gao Yun-feng , Wang Zhi-gang , Zeng Zeng , Xu Yan
Published: January 2025

As accelerated bridge construction for bridges continues to evolve in China, the application of this technology has expanded from superstructures to substructures. To further promote its application, this paper aims to propose the socketed centrifugal precast pipe column as a reference replacement solution. Two specimens were designed in this paper based on preliminary experimental research: one is a cast-in-place (CIP) solid cylindrical column specimen, and the other is a socketed centrifugal precast pipe column specimen. The performance differences between the two types of columns were studied through quasi-static tests, and the feasibility of the socketed centrifugal precast pipe column specimen was explored. The experimental results show that the test phenomena of the precast specimen and the CIP specimen are generally similar. Insufficient bonding between the filling concrete and the pipe column leads to phenomena such as hoop reinforcement fracture and compression failure in the precast specimen. There is a slight difference in the seismic performance between the precast specimen and the CIP specimen, with the precast specimen having higher bearing capacity and the CIP specimen having higher displacement ductility. Overall, the socketed centrifugal precast pipe column can meet the design requirements equivalent to CIP solid columns.
Global sensitivity analysis of a cable-stayed bridge model using Sobol indices
Authors: Ye Simon Cong , Yeung Ngai , Weerasinghe Gihan , Kannan Ramaseshan , Georgiadis Konstantinos
Published: January 2025

One of the key challenges in bridge assessment is to create a representative structural model that reflects adequately the real static and dynamic behaviour, which can vary from those considered in design due to variations in actual mass, stiffness and boundary conditions. It is common practice for engineers to measure the actual modal properties and load testing data of a constructed bridge, and then use these to validate the model. As there is a large number of parameters in the model, engineers must know in advance which parameters are influential. Currently, this is primarily based on engineering knowledge and experience with manual sensitivity analysis of a small subset of parameters. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of a systematic numerical approach to perform a global sensitivity analysis of a cable-stayed bridge model using Sobol indices. The results can be used to inform model calibration as well as structural health monitoring (SHM) strategy.