bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
History of the Dental Therapist
Authors: Spielman Andrew I. , Forrai Judit
Published: July 2024

Dental Therapists were introduced because of the global need to alleviate oral disease, especially those in low- and middle-income countries. It started in New Zealand in 1921. Today 54 countries and in the US, 14 states employ it.
Nicasius Ellebodius (1535–1577) könyvgyűjteményének orvosi kötetei
Authors: Rédey-Keresztény Júlia
Published: July 2024

Nicasius Ellebodius flamand humanista neve Klaniczay Tibor róla szóló, megkerülhetetlen tanulmányai óta fel-felbukkan a magyar humanistakutatásban. Klaniczay nyomán jellemzően megemlítik, hogy orvosnak tanult Pádovában és később ez adta megélhetésének alapját, hogy emellett Aristotelés Poétikájához készített parafrázisán és egyéb filológiai témájú munkáján dolgozhasson. Szintén megemlítik róla, hogy az úgy nevezett pozsonyi humanista-kör tagja volt, Istvánffy Miklós egy versében név szerint is szólt róla.
Evaluation of the Functional and Sensory Properties of Probiotic Whey Cheese with Herbs in Vacuum or Modified Atmosphere Packaging
Authors: Ünal Gülfem , Akyıl Didem Ekin , Akalın Ayşe Sibel
Published: July 2024

Research background. Some herbs provide functional properties to foods, especially their antibacterial and antioxidant properties. On the other hand, modified atmosphere packaging is being considered as an alternative to vacuum packaging to preserve the functional and sensory properties of foods. Since the shelf life of whey cheese is quite short, different packaging methods such as modified atmosphere packaging are favoured. Besides, the addition of herbs both gives flavour to the cheese and improves its functional properties.
Experimental approach. In the present study, oregano (Origanum onites) or rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) was added to probiotic whey cheese (lor) containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 under modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) (80 % CO2 and 20 % N2) or vacuum packaging. The physicochemical, microbiological and sensory properties as well as antioxidant and proteolytic activities of the cheese samples were determined.
Results and conclusions. The addition of herbs did not negatively affect the viable counts of B. lactis and L. acidophilus, and the cheese samples contained at least 8 log CFU/g of both probiotic bacteria for 35 days. MAP improved the viability of B. lactis and L. acidophilus in cheese with rosemary during the first few weeks of storage compared to vacuum
packaging. The addition of herbs significantly increased the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity under both MAP and vacuum. MAP improved the antioxidant activity of lor cheese with added herbs on days 14 and 28 more than vacuum packaging. Lor cheese with rosemary under MAP conditions showed the highest DPPH˙ (2,2,-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity and also the highest proteolytic activity throughout storage. The sample with rosemary under MAP had the highest taste and aroma scores throughout the entire storage period. Fortification with herb and MAP offers advantages in the production of whey cheese. The use of rosemary and modified atmosphere packaging makes it possible to achieve high viability of probiotic bacteria, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and sensory acceptance in lor cheese.
Novelty and scientific contribution. This is the first study in which both different herbs
and different packaging methods were applied to probiotic whey cheese (lor). The study shows that the functional properties of whey cheese can be improved by using different herbs under different packaging conditions. Among the analysed properties of the product, the improvement of the viability of probiotic bacteria is particularly valuable for human health. Thus, it contributes to the science of functional food and enables the use of these parameters in some other foods.
Palma aceitera en Ecuador: análisis de la relación socioambiental sobre la expansión del monocultivo de la provincia de Esmeraldas
Authors: Angel Diaz Jhorman Awdrey
Published: July 2024

La expansión de la frontera agrícola se ha convertido en una de las principales causas del cambio climático, especialmente por las altas tasa de desforestación que liberan el CO2 capturado por los bosques tropicales. Ecuador presenta la mayor tasa de deforestación número uno de Sudamérica y la novena en el mundo, aun cuando es el segundo país de la región con mayor porcentaje de Áreas Naturales Protegidas (ANP) y normativas para regular la expansión de los monocultivos. Este análisis bibliográfico mostró que entre el cultivo de palma aceitera y el sistema socioambiental de la provincia de Esmeraldas se encuentran relacionado con efectos negativos, principalmente por la acumulación de tierras, el reemplazo de cultivos de importancia alimenticia, precarización del campesino y las afectaciones a la salud pública y sus formas de vida, así como la pérdida de biodiversidad. Lo anterior se enmarca claramente en el concepto de acumulación por desposesión de Harvey en donde las grandes corporaciones acumulan el capital, en este caso la tierra, y empobrecen a la población, situación que coindicen con los reportes de pobreza a escala Nacional.
Između dviju revolucija: Pan Podstoli Ignacyja Krasickoga u prijevodu Adolfa Vebera Tkalčevića
Authors: Rogić Musa Tea
Published: July 2024

The paper presents the basic literary and historical facts and circumstances of the origin of the novel Pan Podstoli by Ignacy Krasicki, one of the most prominent prose works of the Polish Enlightenment, the first two parts of which were published before and on the eve of the French Revolution, and the third part in the period of upheaval that followed the Revolution. This is a complex work by Krasicki, an author of the Enlightenment possessing an encyclopaedic spirit and progressive sensibility, who presents the ideas of the ideal “master” and “host”. The first foreign translation of the novel is by Adolfo Veber Tkal-čević, published in 1848 – thus the original and its translation symbolically round off the Age of Revolution in Europe. In addition to the fact that the relatively early and successful translation is of exceptional importance for Croatian-Polish literary ties in the 19th century, it also carries a broader cultural weight with regard to the social background of the origin of the novel and its resonance in politically turbulent Poland of the time, and the social background at the time of the translation, in post-revival Croatia, on the eve of Bachʼs abso-lutism. The methodology used in the paper is that of literary history and biography, with an emphasis on the writer’s biography, the original text and the translation, which is interpre-ted from the perspective of literary history, in the context of historical poetics of Croatian literature in the mid-nineteenth century.
Kriza legitimiteta: polemika Supek – Krleža (1952−1953) i mogućnosti tumačenja romana o revoluciji
Authors: Lalatović Jelena
Published: July 2024

The paper examines the arguments about the ideological and aesthetic meaning of l’art pour l’art and its implications for comprehending the link between literature and (the history of) the revolutionary workers’ movement. Miroslav Krleža elaborated them in a speech he delivered at the Third Congress of Writers of Yugoslavia (1952), and Rudi Supek polemicised on it in several texts published in the journal for the theory of social and natural sciences Pogledi (1953). Then, these theses are interpreted in the context of the development and crisis of Marxist theory at the time of the Third International, as well as immediately upon its dissolution, and in the context of the crisis of revolutionary legitimacy characteri-sing this period. Finally, one examines what significance this polemic, as part of a much broader cultural and social and political process of the decreasing power and weakening activities of the international workers’ movement – may have on the interpretation of the novels dealing with the topic of historical experience of the revolution. The novel How the Steel Was Tempered by Soviet author Nikolay Ostrovsky and The Optimists: The Novel of One Revolution by Yugoslav writer Ervin Šinko are treated as paradigms when depicting the re-lationship between literature and the revolution, as material that can be used to (re)examine certain theoretical controversies.
Взгляды И. А. Галагана на административное принуждение и административную ответственность: современное понимание
Authors: Agamagomedova S. A.
Published: July 2024

Рассматриваются положения научных работ профессора И. А. Галагана, дается оценка его вклада в развитие науки административного права. Выделены основные аспекты исследования ученым институтов административного принуждения и административной ответственности, оказавшие существенное влияние на развитие ряда административно-правовых концепций советского и последующих периодов, в частности, теории административно-деликтного права. Сделан вывод об актуальности и востребованности учета, использования выводов ученого в современных условиях развития административного законодательства и административно-правовой науки.
Субъекты публичного управления в области обеспечения транспортной безопасности на железнодорожном транспорте
Authors: Zajkova S. N.
Published: July 2024

Представлены результаты анализа полномочий субъектов публичного управления в области обеспечения транспортной безопасности на железнодорожном транспорте. Установлено их системное единство на основе общего публичного интереса, имеющихся информационных связей, последовательной реализации управленческих функций, взаимодействия на всех этапах обеспечения транспортной безопасности. Проведена авторская классификация субъектов публичного управления по различным критериям, предложены изменения в Федеральный закон «О железнодорожном транспорте в Российской Федерации».
Административная правосубъектность физического лица: понятие и содержание
Authors: Mamedov E. Kh.
Published: July 2024

На базе изучения понятия «правосубъектность» в теории права рассматривается отраслевая принадлежность данной категории и анализируется законодательство Российской Федерации, раскрывающее отдельные элементы правосубъектности. В результате проведенного исследования даются определение административной правосубъектности и характеристика отдельных структурных элементов данного понятия.
Отдельные аспекты упрощенного производства при рассмотрении гражданских дел мировым судьей
Authors: Staritsyn A. Yu.
Published: July 2024

В данной статье содержатся результаты исследования отдельных аспектов рассмотрения и разрешения мировыми судьями гражданских дел по правилам главы 21.1 Гражданского процессуального кодекса Российской Федерации. Автором проведен анализ статистических данных, сформулирован вывод о неэффективном применении упрощенного производства. Установлена необходимость совершенствования действующего процессуального законодательства. Внимание уделено двум аспектам: противоречие правовых норм, устанавливающих процессуальные сроки рассмотрения гражданских дел мировыми судьями, а также вынесение судебного решения без мотивировочной части. Автором установлено несоответствие правового регулирования исследуемых правоотношений сущности упрощенного производства. Кроме того, автором предложены рекомендации по совершенствованию гражданско-процессуального законодательства об упрощенном производстве, реализуемом при рассмотрении и разрешении гражданских дел мировыми судьями.
Постковидный анализ административного нормотворчества субъектов Российской Федерации
Authors: Morgachev M.S.
Published: July 2024

Приводится анализ административного нормотворчества субъектов Российской Федерации в период пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19). Автор исследования обращает внимание на ошибки и недочеты в юридической технике, которые присутствуют в правовых актах органов государственной власти субъектов Российской Федерации, а также на необходимость точного определения оснований и пределов возможных ограничений прав и свобод граждан в условиях чрезвычайных ситуаций.
Особенности объективной стороны ятрогенных преступлений
Authors: Mashkova A.V.
Published: July 2024

Анализируются проблемные вопросы, касающиеся особенностей объективной стороны ятрогенных преступлений и их влияния на уголовно-правовую квалификацию неблагоприятных исходов в медицинской деятельности. Предлагаются направления совершенствования уголовного закона и практики его применения посредством унификации норм об ответственности за причинение вреда здоровью пациента либо его смерти вследствие ненадлежащего оказания медицинской помощи.
Assessing Astrocyte Territory Volume and 3D Sholl Analysis v1
Authors: Wang Shiyi
Published: July 2024

Assessing Astrocyte Territory Volume and 3D Sholl Analysis
Pengaruh Keaktifan Berorganisasi Terhadap Kemampuan Mengelola Waktu Siswa SMA Negeri
Authors: Hana Serli , Sunarni Sunarni , Juharyanto Juharyanto
Published: July 2024

Abstract: The aims of this research are: (1) to describe the level of activeness in student organizations at SMAN in Kebumen Regency; (2) describe the ability to manage time for SMAN students in Kebumen Regency; (3) knowing the effect of being active in an organization on the ability to manage the time of high school students in Kebumen Regency. This research is a correlational descriptive research. The sampling technique using proportional stratified random sampling was used in each school with a total sample of 379 students. The analysis technique used is descriptive analysis, correlational, and hypothesis testing with the help of IBM SPSS statistics 25. The results of this study are: (1) the level of activeness in the organization of high school students in Kebumen Regency belongs to the high category; (2) the ability to manage time for high school students throughout Kebumen Regency is in the high category; (3) there is a significant and positive influence between organizational activity on the ability to manage time for high school students in Kebumen Regency.Keywords: organizational activity; time management; skills Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini yakni: (1) mendeskripsikan tingkat keaktifan berorganisasi siswa SMAN se-Kabupaten Kebumen; (2) mendeskripsikan kemampuan mengelola waktu siswa SMAN se-Kabupaten Kebumen; (3) mengetahui pengaruh keaktifan berorganisasi terhadap kemampuan mengelola waktu siswa SMAN se-Kabupaten Kebumen. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif korelasional. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Proporsionate Stratified Random Sampling digunakan di masing-masing sekolah dengan jumlah sampel total sebanyak 379 siswa. Teknik analisis yang digunakan yakni teknik analisis deskriptif, regresi, dan uji hipotesis dengan bantuan IBM SPSS Statistic 25. Hasil penelitian ini yakni: (1) tingkat keaktifan berorganisasi siswa SMAN se-Kabupaten Kebumen tergolong dalam kategori tinggi; (2) kemampuan mengelola waktu siwa SMAN se-Kabupaten Kebumen tergolong dalam kategori tinggi; (3) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan positif antara keaktifan berorganisasi terhadap kemampuan mengelola waktu siswa SMAN se-Kabupaten Kebumen.Kata kunci: keaktifan berorganisasi; kemampuan mengelola waktu; skills
Web-based teaching media innovation to improve understanding of science learning
Authors: Yulianto Muhamad Fahmi , Degeng I Nyoman Sudana , Degeng Made Duananda Kartika
Published: July 2024

Abstrak: Penelitian ini berfokus pada rendahnya minat siswa di salah satu sekolah menengah pertama di Kota Malang dalam mempelajari sains, terutama kesulitan dalam memahami istilah-istilah ilmiah dalam materi sains yang diberikan. Keterbatasan sumber belajar dan kurangnya perubahan dalam strategi pengajaran diidentifikasi sebagai penyebab rendahnya minat tersebut. Minimnya penggunaan media pembelajaran oleh guru yang hanya monoton menggunakan ppt dan buku teks membuat pembelajaran menjadi kurang variatif dan membuat siswa kurang tertarik untuk mengikuti pembelajaran. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi dampak penggunaan media pembelajaran berbasis web pada materi perkembangan hewan dan tumbuhan terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas IX. Dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan uji ANOVA, media web yang menyajikan konten melalui video, teks, dan gambar dibandingkan dengan PPT dan buku pelajaran konvensional di dua kelas. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara kedua kelompok (F hitung = 7,691, signifikansi = 0,008). Respons positif siswa terhadap media web menegaskan keefektifannya dalam meningkatkan minat dan pemahaman sainsAbstract: This research focuses on the low interest of students in one of the junior high schools in Malang City in learning science, especially the difficulty in understanding scientific terms in the given science material. Limited learning resources and lack of change in teaching strategies were identified as the causes of low interest. The lack of use of teaching media by teachers, who only monotonously use PPTs and textbooks, makes learning less varied and makes students less interested in participating in learning. This study evaluates the impact of web-based learning media on animal and plant development material on the learning outcomes of Grade IX students. Using quantitative methods and the ANOVA test, web media presenting content through video, text, and images were compared with PPT and conventional textbooks in two classes. The results of the data analysis showed a significant difference between the two groups (F count = 7.691, significance = 0.008). The students' positive response to the web media confirmed its effectiveness in increasing interest and understanding of science.
PENERAPAN OLAHRAGA TRADISIONAL SEBAGAI PENINGKATAN NILAI PENGETAHUAN KEBUDAYAAN DAN SOSIAL BAGI SISWA
Authors: HUTAGALUNG RHONI ADI ARTHAMA
Published: July 2024

Olahraga tradisional merupakan aktivita yang sangat banyak digunakan sekarang kini baik dalam masyarakat dan para pendidikan, dikarenakan olahraga tradisional menggunakan olahtubuh dan berbaur gerak, maka penulis melakukan perencanaan dalam penelitin ini ingin menciptakan sebuah media pembelajaran yang akan di aplikasikan kepada pembelajran PJOK, maka peneliti melakukan riset terlebih dahulusebagai penguat dalam penulisan ini sebagai mana data yang penulis temukan baik dari jurnal dan youtube belum ada yang menciptakan media seperti yang di rencanakan penulis, dan sebelum melakukan desain penulis juga melakukan riset secara langsung kepada siswa dengan menyebarkan angkat, dengan hasil angket sebagai berikut, 8 siswa ( 26%) yang mengatakan mengatahui olahraga olahraga tradisional dan 22 siswa ( 73%) mengetakan tidak mengetahui, 29 siswa (96%) mengatakan belum pernah melakukan pembelajaran penjas dengan media yang di modifikasi oleg guru dan 1 siswa (0,3) mengatakan pernah melakukan pembelajaran penjas dengan media yang di modifikasi, 27 siswa (90%) mengatakan akan sangat termotifasi jika olaharaga tradisional di masukkan dalam pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani. Dan 3 siswa (10%) mengatakan biasa saja. Kirianya dengan terbitnya hasilperencanaan peneliti yang ingin menciptakan media pembelajaran PJOK ini di harapkan depat memberikan motivasi dan edukasi olahraga dan buda dapat tersampaikan secara menyeluruh.
KRITERIA PENILAIAN SENAM LANTAI UNTUK SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA
Authors: Bakti Fajar Raya Ferdinal Kusuma , Winarno M.E , Nurrochmah Siti
Published: July 2024

Mengembangkan alat instrumen evaluasi pada proses melalui materi Senam Lantai. Metode yang akan digunakan adalah analisis pengembangan/Research and Development (R&D). Subjek yang diambil pada penelitian ini senam lantai oleh siswa siswi Kelas VII Sekolah Menengah Pertama. Dari kelompok kecil Sebanyak 33 Peserta didik serta 3 orang Guru sebagai Penilai dan kelompok besar sebanyak 64 Peserta didik serta 5 orang Guru sebagai Penilai. Hasil uji validitas instrumen yang dilakukan oleh kelompok kecil dan kelompok besar semuanya menyatakan bahwa instrumen valid. Uji reliabilitas pada Guling depan sebesar r 0,982, Guling belakang r 0,887, Meroda r 0,913, dan Gerakan Sikap Lilin r 0,966. Kesimpulan dari pengembangan instrumen penilaian proses ini pada kategori valid dan reliabel. Produk Instrumen senam lantai yang dikembangkan rata-rata cukup objektif digunakan untuk penilaian proses senam lantai dan dapat digunakan untuk memudahkan guru-guru PJOK dalam menilai proses siswa dalam mengikuti pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani utamanya pada proses gerakan senam lantai.
Kemampuan translasi representasi matematis mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan statistika di perguruan tinggi negeri
Authors: Rahmawati Azizah Nur Laily , Anwar Lathiful , Sa'dijah Cholis , Permadi Hendro
Published: July 2024

Translation is a process of transforming information from source representation to target representation. The translation process is described in four activities, such as unpacking the source, preliminary coordination, constructing the target, and determining equivalence. This study aims to analyze and describe the translation process of mathematical representations from verbal to symbolic in UM Mathematics S1 students in solving statistics on variance and standard deviation material. The instruments used were translation test questions and interview guidelines. Data analysis focused on four translation activities which were then categorized (high, medium, low). The results of the research percentage show that 78.58 percent of students experience difficulties in translating representations from verbal to symbolic in statistical problems. This is because students make mistakes in interpretation and implementation. While 21.42 percent of students succeeded in translating representations in solving the variance and standard deviation problems that have been presented. In terms of categorization, 21.42 percent of students belong to the high category, 39.29 percent of students belong to the medium category, and 39.29 percent of students belong to the low category. At this stage, the researcher obtained 28 student subjects for further analysis through 4 (four) stages of translation.
Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: Opportunities, Challenges, and the Road Ahead
Authors: Sylvia Sean , Oliva Junier
Published: July 2024

A comprehensive, collective approach to navigating the challenges of bias, privacy, and ethical considerations presented by the use of artificial intelligence in health care will require robust frameworks, continuous learning, and a commitment to equity. The insights and discussions presented in this issue are a testament to the ongoing efforts in North Carolina and beyond to find a balance between innovation with responsibility, ensuring that AI can deliver on its promise to enhance outcomes.
AI and Social Determinants of Health in Health Care: A Personal Perspective
Authors: Krishnamurthy Ashok , Zègre-Hemsey Jessica K. , Kitzmiller Rebecca R. , Farlow Brandy L.
Published: July 2024

As a biomedical data scientist, when I think of the future of artificial intelligence in health care, the potential fills me with both excitement and caution. A promising area of innovation, AI can be used to assess the impact of social determinants of health on health outcomes, though more standardization is needed.
Caregivers for Older People: Overburdened and Underpaid: Evidence from an Inter-American Development Bank Survey in Latin America and the Caribbean. Version 1: June 2024
Authors: Fabiani Beatrice , Stampini Marco , Aranco Natalia , Benedetti Fiorella , Ibarrarán Pablo
Published: July 2024

Human resources are essential to ensure the quality of long-term care. Yet, there are many things we do not know about the wellbeing, the working conditions, and the training of the caregivers for older people. Our work aims to fill some of the existing knowledge gaps by analyzing new data on the conditions of paid and unpaid caregivers in Latin America and the Caribbean. The new data is generated by a continuous self-administered online survey created by the Inter-American Development Bank, implemented since November 2023 in English, Portuguese, and Spanish in 25 countries. The results highlight the vulnerability of both paid and unpaid caregivers. Paid caregivers typically earn the minimum wage or less. A notable percentage reports episodes of verbal (39%) or physical abuse (14%). Three in ten received no training. Unpaid caregivers are not better off. 31% report feelings of depression and 44% say they had to stop working to provide care for their relatives. Only one in five had any formal training. Given that most long-term carers are women, these results have important implication for gender equality. The findings underscore the pressing need for policies to develop skills and improve working conditions and wellbeing of caregivers, which is further exacerbated by rapid population aging in the region. By shedding light on these critical issues, this work is relevant for the design and implementation of care policies that improve the wellbeing of both older persons and their caregivers.
On the Legal Nature of a Carsharing Agreement
Authors: Vavilin Valery E. ,   Leading Consultant of the Unit of Laws in the Socioeconomic Development Sphere of the Legal Department
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of relations on the transfer of vehicles for short-term possession and use in order to establish the legal nature of the carsharing agreement. The necessity of establishing the place of the carsharing agreement in the system of contractual models is substantiated. Evaluating the characteristic features of contractual relations in the sphere of carsharing, the author concluded that it is possible to extend to such relations the provisions of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on public contract.
An Analysis of the Judicial Practice of Review of Disputes in the Water Supply and Water Discharge Sphere
Authors: Krasnikova Lyubov A. ,   Chief Legal Officer of Mezhdurechenskiy Vodokanal Municipal Unitary Enterprise
Published: July 2024

In the article, the author analyzes the judicial practice of Russian courts on the settlement of disagreements arising from the conclusion of contracts for cold water supply and sanitation between subscribers and the organization of water utilities, in terms of the application of legal norms on the establishment of the boundaries of balance ownership and operational responsibility of water and sewer networks of capital construction facilities. This analysis allowed the author to formulate a conclusion that the presence of two circumstances is fundamental in resolving disputes in this category of cases. The first is the fact that the subscriber owns water supply and sanitation networks on any legal right, and the second circumstance is the recognition by the court of Subscribers as a weak party in the legal relationship under consideration. The article also analyzes the application by the courts of paragraphs 31(1) and 31(2) of Rules No. 644, as a result of which, the need to specify these points is revealed, since in the absence of confirmation of the affiliation of water supply and sanitation networks to the Subscriber, their affiliation should be considered in conjunction with the boundaries of the land plot belonging to him.
On the Correlation Between the Concept of Social Expenses and Social Budget in the Financial Law Doctrine
Authors: Korop Irina I. ,   Degree-Seeking Student of the Department of Financial Law, Constitutional, Civil and Administrative Proceedings of the Southwest State University
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the issues of defining the concepts of “social expenses” and “social budget” in the doctrine of financial law. The article raises the problem of ambiguity in the definition of basic concepts used to characterize social expenditures. The article examines the legal basis for the implementation of social expenditures, the state where such expenditures predominate, and provides examples from law enforcement and judicial practice, which show the mechanisms for implementing the social functions of the state through social expenditures. The article also examines the individual powers of executive authorities to implement social expenditures. The article concludes that in the doctrine of modern financial law there is no single established approach to defining the concept and classification of social expenditures and the social budget. Moreover, such discrepancies can be found not only in Russia, since ideas about social policy and the mechanisms for its implementation, social rights and, most importantly, income and expenses aimed at meeting social needs differ significantly and are often based on the ideology and policies implemented in a particular state.
Biological features of Oenothera tetragona Roth. in the conditions of culture in the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia
Authors: Gryaznov M. Yu. , Savchenko O M.
Published: July 2024

Relevance. Oenothera tetragona is an ornamental plant used in folk medicine. Until now, studies of the biological characteristics of the Oenothera tetragona have not been carried out on the territory of the NonChernozem zone of the Russian Federation.

The purpose of the work is the introduction and biological study of the Oenothera tetragona in the NonChernozem zone of Russia in the conditions of the Moscow region.

Methodology. The experiment was based on two-month-old seedlings according to a 60x30 cm pattern. Phenological observations and biometric measurements (during the mass flowering phase) were carried out according to the methods adopted at VILAR (All-Russian scientific research Institute of medicinal and aromatic plants). Experimental data were processed according to B.A. Dospehov. Weather conditions were checked on the Weather and Climate website. Microspecimens were prepared according to methods for light microscopy.

Results. In the conditions of the Moscow region the period from the beginning of the growing season to mass fruiting in Oenothera tetragona Roth. averages about 110-115 days. The plant is well adapted: it goes through the entire seasonal cycle of growth and development. The population includes Oenothera tetragona Roth. includes many variable biotypes, which indicates the possibility of targeted selection of forms with useful traits. The main assessment of breeding material can be carried out, starting from the second year of plant life, based on a set of interrelated quantitative traits (height, number of generative shoots, etc.). Some anatomical features of the epidermis of the Oenothera tetragona leaf have been studied for the first time; the number of covering trichomes and the number of stomata per 1 mm2 were determined. As a result of microscopic examination of the epidermis of leaf plates of O. tetragona Roth.: the presence of three groups was revealed, which differed in microscopic characteristics (shape and number of stomata, pubescence) in the absence of a noticeable correlation with the main phenotypic characteristics.
Screening of FecLL prolific allele of the B4GALNT2 gene in Algerian sheep populations
Authors: Hadjazi Assia , Belharfi Fatima Zahra , Mahammi Fatima Zohra , Fabre Stéphane , Gaouar Semir Bechir Suheil , Tabet-Aoul Nacera
Published: July 2024

Background: Research on the main genes controlling prolificacy in sheep, also known as fecundity genes (Fec genes), has highlighted the mechanisms involved in ewe fertility and the genetic improvement of prolificacy. The gene, FecL/B4GALNT2 (beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase 2) and its prolific allele FecLL, which segregate in French Lacaune sheep and some local sheep breeds in Morocco and Tunisia, were found to influence ovarian function. However, their action differs from that of other major genes discovered previously, such as: FecX/BMP15 (bone morphogenetic protein 15); FecG/GDF9 (growth differentiation factor 9); and FecB/BMPR1B (bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1B). The latter act in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling pathway. Aim: The objective of this study is to investigate the segregation of the FecLL allele in Algerian sheep populations. Methods: A total of 338 animals from 12 breeds were genotyped using the PCR-RFLP technique. Results: Our results revealed the presence of FecLL in the Algerian D’man sheep population. Among the genotyped D’man sheep, 21% were carriers of the mutation in the heterozygous state. The frequency of the FecLL allele in the Algerian D’man population (0.11) is close to what is observed in Lacaune sheep and remains relatively low compared to Moroccan (0.58) and Tunisian (0.65) D’man sheep. Conclusions: The FecLL allele, which is shared by the French Lacaune population and the North African D’man populations, could indicate the ancestral origin of the mutation in B4GALNT2 or the occurrence of an ancient introgression event to improve prolificacy. Managing this mutation in Algerian D’man flocks could help improve the numerical productivity of D’man sheep in Algeria.
STUDY OF RESILIENCE IN ADOLESCENTS IN SEVERAL COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD
Authors: SAFRIANI HILDA , ULINNUHA ROMA
Published: July 2024

This article will provide an overview of adolescent resilience in several countries in the world. This research uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques, namely literature study with the results of previous research. The location settings for these studies are 3 (three) countries in the world, namely Zambia, Canada and Iran. Specifically for Canada, the teenagers studied were teenagers from military family backgrounds. The research results show two factors that can increase adolescent resilience, namely, internal factors and external factors. The internal factor is the self-confidence of each teenager who has awareness after facing problems and adapting positive values ??within themselves, as well as strengthening the spiritual side related to their relationship with God. Meanwhile, external factors include social support from the community, government program intervention, and friends who are in the same boat as them.
ISLAMIC E-COUNSELING THERAPY SERVICES FOR TEENAGE PSYCHOLOGIST VICTIMS OF SEXUAL ABUSE
Authors: Nurodin Nurodin , Rivai Fuad Ahmad
Published: July 2024

Sexual harassment is nothing new, we have heard news that for many years, women have received treatment that is disrespectful to their hearts and selves. Recently, there have been many cases of women experiencing harassment and sadly it was carried out by relatives and people in their life environment. This bad treatment was carried out by people who were supposed to protect themselves from various threats from the outside world, but it was the people closest to them who were the perpetrators of the sexual harassment. Counseling services for the psychology of adolescent victims of sexual abuse are carried out using descriptive qualitative methods. with direct involvement, the type of approach is phenomenology. There are several implementation series consisting of activity matrices, starting from the preparation stage to the closing stage. Islamic Counseling service activities based on the e-Counseling Islamic Therapy (CIT) application help reduce the psychological pressure on adolescent victims of sexual harassment in the Regional Technical Implementation Unit for the Protection of Women and Children in Bogor City. E-counseling services are needed to facilitate counselees in the counseling process so that the application helps in handling it as a medium. Counseling is carried out in several meeting sessions that have been agreed upon with the counselee and counselor/psychologist. The counseling process is carried out systematically based on the guidelines and techniques that already exist in the counseling application. There were 9 meetings in this counseling session using the individual counseling method.
Cuidados de enfermería en un preescolar portador de traqueostomía
Authors: Oyola Canto María Santos , Espinoza Quevedo Yanet , Morris Rodriguez Carla Roseli
Published: July 2024

La traqueostomía es una intervención quirúrgica que permite el flujo de aire continuo hacia los pulmones; se indica en afecciones congénitas y/o adquiridas de las vías respiratorias, intubación prolongada y debilidad neuromuscular. Los profesionales enfermeros juegan un rol importante en el manejo de los pacientes con traqueostomía, a fin de prevenir o realizar un diagnóstico precoz para evitar posibles complicaciones. Objetivo: Describir el cuidado integral brindado a un preescolar portador de traqueostomía, integrando las herramientas del lenguaje enfermero estandarizado NANDA Internacional, los resultados esperados (NOC) y las intervenciones de enfermería (NIC). Materiales y métodos: Este estudio se abordó haciendo uso de los pasos del proceso de atención de enfermería (PAE); de la misma forma, para el examen exhaustivo se consideraron los 11 patrones de Marjory Gordon. Con base en los hallazgos, se identificaron diagnósticos prioritarios y se plantearon planes de cuidado con la estandarización de las taxonomías del lenguaje propio del enfermero (NANDA, NOC, NIC). Resultados: Respecto al primer diagnóstico de enfermería, las intervenciones se realizaron con éxito en un 100 % y en el resultado esperado se logró un 80 % de evolución favorable; en el segundo diagnóstico, las intervenciones se realizaron con éxito en un 100 % y se logró un resultado similar; con relación al tercer diagnóstico, las intervenciones se realizaron con éxito en un 100 %. Conclusión: Las cinco fases del PAE sirvieron como pilar fundamental en la práctica enfermera para adquirir competencias en el cuidado del niño traqueostomizado.
Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform as Western Trade and Climate Initiative
Authors: Biryukov E. , Kolpakov A.
Published: July 2024

Fossil fuel subsidy reform (FFSR) is a relatively new direction being introduced into international negotiations by the Western countries under climate agenda. The issue of FFSR was included into the decision of the COP26 in 2021, and since as long ago as 2009 it has been included into the statements of G20 and G7. Dynamics of FFSR introduction into the documents of also the WTO, UNEP, OECD and IEA as like as gradual strictening of wording is considered. The Western countries aim at one-sided change of existing international rules, alike as ways of conducting economic activity, obtainment of economic and technological advantages for themselves and increase of the developing countries’ costs. Development of the FFSR concept is targeted at deprivation of fossil fuels producing and using countries of their essential advantages and makes an attempt to impose a negative color on objective properties of pricing and fiscal policy, as the latter is fulfilled by sovereign governments of developing states based on their economic goals. The FFSR can become a non-tariff tool of influence on competition in the international trade and production in the interests of the developed states. The valuations of FFS by international organizations vary from 1.1 to 7.1 USD Trillions for 2022 (that is as much as from 1 to 7% of the world’s GDP); these estimates can be used for making pressure on developing states. The term FFSR is being used by its proponents for spheres that are not traditionally referred to as subsidies, and is in the essence directed at both reduction and cost increase of fossil fuels usage. Three following approaches on what is a fossil fuel subsidy are spread. Most common is the one considering a gap between local prices in fossil fuels producing countries and world prices. The second deals with negative externalities arising from fossil fuels usage. Under the third one traditional subsidies are examined. According to the approach applied by the IMF and being considered by the IEA, fossil fuels usage leads to negative externalities, such as climate change, air pollution and other impact. These organisations reckon that such externalities can be quantified mathematically and economically through carbon price – thus by developing the FFSR concept they shape the basis and argumentation for adoption of international carbon pricing. That means radical changing of normal conditions of economic activity in the countries of the world.
EXTERNAL LOCUS OF CONTROL: TALENT ACQUISITION IMPLICATIONS FOR THE HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM SECTOR POSTCOVID 19
Authors: HOANG Viet Linh , VOAK Adam
Published: July 2024

Purpose – This paper is presented through the lens of Social Cognitive Theory (SCCT) (Lent et al., 1994), and seeks to examine the role of parental influence and internship programs on Job Pursuit Intentions (JPI) in the Vietnamese Hospitality and Tourism industry. Methodology/Design/Approach – Data were collected through a survey of fourth-year Hospitality and Tourism students at six universities in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Student responses to a series of prepared questions allowed structural relationships to be developed between key variables, which were illuminated through the deployment of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using Smart-PLS. Findings – The study found that parental support and internship programs significantly affect JPI. This research also revealed the potential for using SCCT in JPI examinations. Further, it indicated that the relationship between parental support and JPI and the relationship between internship programs and JPI are moderated by External Locus of Control (ELOC). Originality of the research - This research deploys a novel application of SCCT within a collectivist society with Confucian values in the context of JPI amongst Vietnamese hospitality and tourism students. It further gives insight for human resources departments of H&T foreign brands and universities on how to better target student and graduate recruitment.
EU Enlargement Policy between the Chronological Precedence of the Western Balkans and the Geopolitical Urgency in the Eastern Neighborhood
Authors: Radić Milosavljević Ivana , Petrović Miloš
Published: July 2024

This study adopts a realist approach to explore how geopolitical factors influence the European Union’s (EU) decision to expand into neighbouring regions of strategic importance or vulnerability to major powers’ influence. It specifically examines the obstacles posed by the absence of a unanimous stance on „pre-scheduled” accessions, as seen in the earlier „eastern enlargement” rounds. It is argued that the present geopoliticized EU enlargement policy seems to be guided by realist factors, although it is characterized by an incongruity between strategic rhetoric and strategic actions. This inconsistency between expressed intentions and actual measures is more evident in the Western Balkans than in the Eastern neighbourhood. Through the selected, broadly set realist elements – groupism, egoism and power-centrism – the EU’s foreign policy strategy and behaviour are examined, searching for a gap between the discursive and practical domains in both regions. The research considers that the EU’s response has not predominantly been strategic but rather tactical, reflecting the enlargement policy’s longstanding deficiencies, coupled with the urgent need to extend commitments to the eastern partners facing immediate security threats. Such tendencies are disadvantageous for the Western Balkans, which became a lower priority for the EU despite its chronological precedence in the enlargement domain. While ideally, both enlargement regions should be granted an „accession timetable” along with on-ground democratic reforms, the authors highlight that due to differing geopolitical dynamics and pressure, the outcomes for the two regions may either diverge in terms of potential favouring of the new candidates or, perhaps more likely, converge – meaning that the accession of either region might be postponed once the geopolitical urgency subsides.
Survey of Deep Learning Accelerators for Edge and Emerging Computing
Authors: Alam Md Shahanur , Yakopcic Chris , Wu Qing , Barnell Mark , Khan Simon , Taha Tarek M.
Published: July 2024

The unprecedented progress in Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly in deep learning algorithms with ubiquitous internet connected smart devices, has created a high demand for AI computing on the edge devices. This review studied commercially available edge processors, and the processors that are still in industrial research stages. We categorized state-of-the-art edge processors based on the underlying architecture, such as dataflow, neuromorphic, and Processing in-Memory (PIM) architecture. The processors are analyzed based on their performance, chip area, energy efficiency, and application domains. The supported programming frameworks, model compression, data precision, and the CMOS fabrication process technology are discussed. Currently, most of the commercial edge processors utilize dataflow architectures. However, emerging non-von Neumann computing architectures have attracted the industry in recent years. Neuromorphic processors are highly efficient for performing computation with fewer synaptic operations, and several neuromorphic processors offer online training for secured and personalized AI applications. This review found that the PIM processors show significant energy efficiency and consume less power compared to dataflow and neuromorphic processors. The future direction of the industry would be to implement state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms in emerging non-Von Neumann computing paradigms for low power computing on the edge devices.
YOLO-LFPD: A Lightweight Method for Strip Surface Defect Detection
Authors: Lu Jianbo , Zhu Mingrui , Qin KaiXian , Ma XiaoYa
Published: July 2024

Strip steel surface defect recognition research has important research significance in industrial production. Aiming at the problems of defect feature extraction difficulty, slow detection speed and insufficient dataset, YOLOv5 is improved on the basis of YOLOv5, and YOLO-LFPD (Lightweight fine particle detection) model is proposed. By introducing the RepVGG (Re-param VGG) module, the robustness of the model to the surface defect features of strip steel is enhanced, and the expressive ability of the model is improved. FasterNet is used to replace the backbone network, which ensures the accuracy and accelerates the inference speed, making the model more suitable for real-time monitoring. The use of pruning, GA genetic algorithm with OTA loss function method further reduces the model size while better learning the strip steel defect feature information, thus improving the generalisation ability and accuracy of the model. The experimental results show that the introduction of the RepVGG module and the use of FasterNet can well improve the model performance, with a reduction of 48% in the number of parameters, a reduction of 13% in the number of GFLOPs, an inference time of 77% of the original, and an optimal accuracy compared with the network models in recent years. The experimental results on the NEU-DET dataset show that the accuracy of YOLO-LFPD is improved by 3% to 81.2%, which is better than other models, and provides new ideas and references for the lightweight strip steel surface defect detection scenarios and application deployment.
The limits of the current consesus regarding the carbon footprint of photovoltaic modules manufactured in China: a review and case study
Authors: Mariutti Enrico
Published: July 2024

The transition to renewable energy sources is pivotal in addressing the escalating challenges of climate change and environmental degradation. Solar energy, particularly photovoltaic (PV) technology, stands out as a prominent solution due to its potential for clean and sustainable electricity generation with minimal greenhouse gas emissions. However, accurately assessing the carbon footprint of PV modules is essential for guiding policy, industry practices, and research. This paper reviews the state of current literature and highlights the difficulties in estimating the carbon footprint of PV modules manufactured in China. It emphasizes the inherent limitations of Process-Based Life Cycle Assessment (PLCA), including data collection challenges, dynamic environmental changes, and subjective methodological choices. The study underscores the need for improved transparency, standardization, and reproducibility in Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs) to provide more accurate and reliable environmental impact evaluations.