bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conformational Transitions of the Amyloid‐β Peptide Upon Copper(II) Binding and pH Changes
Authors: Liao Qinghua , Owen Michael C. , Olubiyi Olujide O. , Barz Bogdan , Strodel Birgit
Published: January 2017

Amyloid‐β (Aβ) is a natively unfolded peptide found in all Alzheimer's disease patients as the major component of fibrillar plaques, which are recognized as an important pathological hallmark in Alzheimer's disease. The binding of copper to Aβ increases its neurotoxicity, as Cu2+causes Aβ to become redox active and decreases the lag time associated with Aβ aggregation. In addition, the pH is a major factor that influences both the Aβ aggregation rates and Cu2+binding. Hamiltonian replica exchange molecular dynamics (H‐REMD) simulations enable atomistic insights into the effects of pH and Cu2+complexation on the structure and dynamics of Aβ. To study the Aβ1–42/Cu2+complex, we have developed new force‐field parameters for the divalent copper ion ligated by the two histidine residues, His6 and His13, as well as the amine and carbonyl groups of Asp1, in a distorted square‐planar geometry. Our comparative simulations reveal that both Cu2+binding and a low pH‐mimicking acidosis, linked to inflammatory processes in vivo, accelerate the formation of β‐strands in Aβ1–42and lead to the stabilization of salt bridges, previously shown to promote Aβ aggregation. The results suggest that Cu2+binding and mild acidic conditions can shift the conformational equilibrium towards aggregation‐prone conformers for the monomeric Aβ.
Evaluation of atomic pressure in the multiple time‐step integration algorithm
Authors: Andoh Yoshimichi , Yoshii Noriyuki , Yamada Atsushi , Okazaki Susumu
Published: January 2017

In molecular dynamics (MD) calculations, reduction in calculation time per MD loop is essential. A multiple time‐step (MTS) integration algorithm, the RESPA (Tuckerman and Berne, J. Chem. Phys. 1992, 97, 1990–2001), enables reductions in calculation time by decreasing the frequency of time‐consuming long‐range interaction calculations. However, the RESPA MTS algorithm involves uncertainties in evaluating the atomic interaction‐based pressure (i.e., atomic pressure) of systems with and without holonomic constraints. It is not clear which intermediate forces and constraint forces in the MTS integration procedure should be used to calculate the atomic pressure. In this article, we propose a series of equations to evaluate the atomic pressure in the RESPA MTS integration procedure on the basis of its equivalence to the Velocity‐Verlet integration procedure with a single time step (STS). The equations guarantee time‐reversibility even for the system with holonomic constrants. Furthermore, we generalize the equations to both (i) arbitrary number of inner time steps and (ii) arbitrary number of force components (RESPA levels). The atomic pressure calculated by our equations with the MTS integration shows excellent agreement with the reference value with the STS, whereas pressures calculated using the conventional ad hoc equations deviated from it. Our equations can be extended straightforwardly to the MTS integration algorithm for the isothermal NVT and isothermal–isobaric NPT ensembles. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identifying community risk factors for violence against indigenous women: A framework of historical oppression and resilience
Authors: Burnette Catherine E. , Hefflinger Timothy S.
Published: January 2017

Violence against Indigenous women tends to be disproportionately high, yet little is known about the historical and community factors that may exacerbate and perpetuate intimate partner violence (IPV). Using a framework of historical oppression, the purpose of this article is to uncover community‐level risk factors identified by Indigenous women who have experienced IPV, and the professionals who work with them. As part of a larger critical ethnography, this study focused on data derived from 49 semistructured interviews with Indigenous women who had experienced IPV and the professionals who work with those affected by IPV. Critical thematic analysis identified various themes related to historical oppression, including cultural disruption, IPV imposed and then internalized as a community norm, community divides, and community inequity, which likely exacerbated or perpetuated IPV. Given the causes of IPV have historical and structural roots, interventions and solutions must be designed with these structural determinants in mind.
A review on process intensification in HiGee distillation
Authors: Cortes Garcia German E , van der Schaaf John , Kiss Anton A
Published: January 2017

This review paper describes the state‐of‐the‐art in the field of HiGee contactors used for gas–liquid mass transfer processes, with a special focus on distillation, and for heterogeneously catalyzed reactions. Several types of rotating beds are discussed, including single‐block rotating packed‐bed, split‐packing rotating bed, rotating zigzag bed, two‐stage counter‐current rotating packed bed, blade packing rotating packed bed, rotating bed with blade packing and baffles, counter‐flow concentric‐ring rotating bed and crossflow concentric‐baffle rotating bed. The working principles of HiGee technology, as well as the modeling, design and control aspects, and practical applications are explained and discussed. In addition, this paper addresses the advantages and disadvantages with respect to mass‐transfer performance, pressure drop, rotor complexity and suitability to perform continuous distillation and to be filled with catalyst packing for heterogeneous reactions. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Dual‐functionality ionic liquid mix for extraction and esterification of fatty acids as a step towards increasing the efficiency of conversion of waste cooking oils to biodiesel
Authors: Grimes Sue M , Kewcharoenwong Pajaree
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND

The increasing value of pure vegetable oils has made the use of waste cooking oils an attractive alternative feedstock for biodiesel production but the presence of free fatty acids in the waste significantly reduces efficiency of the conversion.

RESULTS

A low‐temperature mixed ionic liquid system with dual extraction and catalytic functions for the conversion of waste oils containing high levels of free fatty acids to biodiesel was successfully trialled. The solvent, a totally miscible system of HPyrBr and the Brønsted acid, SPyrHSO4, allows the key properties of each ionic liquid, as extractant or catalyst, to work uninhibited by the presence of the other. Extraction of free fatty acids from vegetable oils and their conversion to methyl esters in high yield is demonstrated for vegetable oils, containing single and mixed fatty acids, and for a model waste cooking oil. The oil separated from free fatty acids in the waste has a low acid value and can be converted efficiently to biodiesel; with the ionic liquid solvent recovered unchanged for reuse.

CONCLUSIONS

A mixed ionic liquid extraction‐esterification solvent process has been developed to effect efficient conversion of free fatty acids in waste vegetable oils to biodiesel and their conversion to esters. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Leadership Development in the Context of a University Consolidation: An Initial Evaluation of the Authentic Leadership Pipeline Program
Authors: Evans Lance , Hess Caryl A. , Abdelhamid Smah , Stepleman Lara M.
Published: January 2017

University mergers and consolidations are on the rise, and the trend is likely to continue in the near term future. Such a trend is significant, as a university consolidations are inherently challenging and require strong and well‐developed leadership to be successful. In the current paper, a low‐cost leadership development program (the Authentic Leadership Pipeline program) that was initiated and developed to meet the leadership needs of Augusta University, the institutional result of the consolidation of Georgia Health Sciences University and Augusta State University is described. In addition, an initial pilot evaluation of the program that examined reactions and subjective perceptions of learning and behavior change is described. The findings were promising and suggest a high level of satisfaction, significant learning, and new behavior. Implications, applications, and future directions are discussed.
Followership and the Samurai
Authors: Pascoe Bruce
Published: January 2017

Japan's samurai were a class of followers—their very name samurai originally meant those who served. The current study examines the colorful nature and significance of followership in the unique cultural setting of Japan's Edo or Tokugawa period (1603–1868), and how the relationship between samurai and their lords was affected by bushido—the way of the warrior. It also considers the relevance of samurai‐style followership to today's world.
The alcohol‐sensitive period during early octavolateral organ development in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Zamora Lilliann Y. , Miguel Kayla C. , Lu Zhongmin
Published: January 2017

Fetal alcohol exposure can cause Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD), completely preventable developmental disabilities characterized by permanent birth defects. However, specific gestational timing when developing organs are most sensitive to alcohol exposure is unclear. In this study, we examined the temporal effects of embryonic alcohol exposure on octavolateral organs in zebrafish (Danio rerio), including inner ears and lateral line neuromasts that function in hearing, balance, and hydrodynamic detection, respectively. To determine an alcohol‐sensitive period in the first 24 hours post fertilization (hpf), Et(krt4:EGFP)sqet4zebrafish that express green fluorescent protein in sensory hair cells were treated in 2% alcohol for 2, 3, and 5‐hours. Octavolateral organs of control and alcohol‐exposed larvae were examined at 3, 5, and 7 days post fertilization (dpf). Using confocal and light microscopy, we found that alcohol‐exposed larvae had significantly smaller otic vesicles and saccular otoliths than control larvae at 3 dpf. Only alcohol‐exposed larvae from 12‐17 hpf had smaller otic vesicles at 5 dpf, smaller saccular otoliths at 7 dpf and fewer saccular hair cells, neuromasts and hair cells per neuromast at 3 dpf. In addition, auditory function was assessed by microphonic potential recordings from inner ear hair cells in response to 200‐Hz stimulation. Hearing sensitivity was reduced for alcohol‐exposed larvae from 7‐12 and 12‐17 hpf. Our results show that 12‐17 hpf is an alcohol‐sensitive time window when morphology and function of zebrafish octavolateral organs are most vulnerable to alcohol exposure. This study implies that embryonic alcohol exposure timing during early development can influence severity of hearing deficits. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of self‐carbon dioxide‐generation material for active packaging on pH, water‐holding capacity, meat color, lipid oxidation and microbial growth in beef during cold storage
Authors: Lee Seung‐Jae , Lee Seung Yun , Kim Gap‐Don , Kim Geun‐Bae , Jin Sang Keun , Hur Sun Jin
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND

Active packaging refers to the mixing of additive agents into packaging materials with the purpose of maintaining or extending food product quality and shelf life. The aim of this study was to develop an easy and cheap active packaging for beef. Beef loin samples were divided into three packaging groups (C, ziplock bag packaging; T1, vacuum packaging; T2, active packaging) and stored at 4 °C for 21 days.

RESULTS

The water‐holding capacity was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in C and T2 than in T1 for up to 7 days of storage. The TBARS value was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in T1 and T2 after 7 days of storage. The counts of some microorganism were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in T1 and T2 after 7 days of storage; the total bacterial count and Escherichia coli count were lowest in T2 at the end of storage.

CONCLUSION

These results indicate that active packaging using self‐CO2‐generation materials can extend the shelf life similarly to that observed with vacuum packaging, and that the active packaging method can improve the quality characteristics of beef during cold storage. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Targeted forcing improves quality, nutritional and health value of sweet cherry fruit
Authors: Overbeck Verena , Schmitz Michaela , Blanke Michael
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND

Trade and consumers alike require premium‐quality cherries with high nutritional and health values preferably of local origin. While early fruit imports cannot supply such fruit, a new technology of forcing cherry emerged for an early local supply by covering the crop in spring. In the apparent scarcity of data on the resulting fruit quality, fruit characteristics of forced cherries were compared with those without cover.

RESULTS

Size and weight of forced cherry fruit were successfully increased by 6–14%. The less negative osmotic potential of the forced fruit (−3 to −2 MPa Ψπ) indicates less water stress under spring cover compared with field‐grown fruit (−4 MPa Ψπ), as confirmed by the larger fruit size and weight. Greater antioxidative potentials in the lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts (control min. 185 mE vs max. 365 mE under cover) of forced fruit of two cultivars showed their healthier attribute in terms of bioactive compounds, supported also by an average 14% increase in phenolics, as a response to the modified environmental conditions, which has not been investigated before.

CONCLUSION

The new technology of covering cherry trees in spring to force flowering and enhance ripening can improve the synthesis of bioactive compounds and provide the consumer with early high‐quality fruit. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Bacterial impregnation of mineral fertilizers improves yield and nutrient use efficiency of wheat
Authors: Ahmad Shakeel , Imran Muhammad , Hussain Sabir , Mahmood Sajid , Hussain Azhar , Hasnain Muhammad
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND

The fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) of agricultural crops is generally low, which results in poor crop yields and low economic benefits to farmers. Among the various approaches used to enhance FUE, impregnation of mineral fertilizers with plant growth‐promoting bacteria (PGPB) is attracting worldwide attention. The present study was aimed to improve growth, yield and nutrient use efficiency of wheat by bacterially impregnated mineral fertilizers.

RESULTS

Results of the pot study revealed that impregnation of diammonium phosphate (DAP) and urea with PGPB was helpful in enhancing the growth, yield, photosynthetic rate, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) of wheat. However, the plants treated with F8 type DAP and urea, prepared by coating a slurry of PGPB (Bacillus sp. strain KAP6) and compost on DAP and urea granules at the rate of 2.0 g 100 g−1 fertilizer, produced better results than other fertilizer treatments. In this treatment, growth parameters including plant height, root length, straw yield and root biomass significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased from 58.8 to 70.0 cm, 41.2 to 50.0 cm, 19.6 to 24.2 g per pot and 1.8 to 2.2 g per pot, respectively. The same treatment improved grain yield of wheat by 20% compared to unimpregnated DAP and urea (F0). Likewise, the maximum increase in photosynthetic rate, grain NP content, grain NP uptake, NUE and PUE of wheat were also recorded with F8 treatment.

CONCLUSION

The results suggest that the application of bacterially impregnated DAP and urea is highly effective for improving growth, yield and FUE of wheat. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio as biomarkers for predicting lymph node metastasis and survival in patients treated with radical cystectomy
Authors: D'Andrea David , Moschini Marco , Gust Kilian M. , Abufaraj Mohammad , Özsoy Mehmet , Mathieu Romain , Soria Francesco , Briganti Alberto , Rouprêt Morgan , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Shariat Shahrokh F.
Published: January 2017

PURPOSE

To evaluate the role of lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR) and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as pre‐operative markers for predicting extravesical disease and survival outcomes in patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Data from 4335 patients undergoing RC for clinically non‐metastatic UCB were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to predict lymph node involvement and extravesical disease (defined as ≥pT3 and N0). Recurrence‐free (RFS), cancer‐specific (CSS), and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using multivariable Cox models. The accuracy of the models was assessed with receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and concordance‐index.

RESULTS

Median LMR was 3.5 and median NLR was 2.7. Addition of LMR and NLR to a standard preoperative model improved its discrimination for prediction of lymph node metastasis by 4.5%. On multivariable analysis LMR and NLR independently predicted RFS, CSS, and OS. The discrimination of this model increased by adding LMR and NLR but was not significant.

CONCLUSIONS

LMR and NLR independently improved the preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis and survival outcomes. As they are readily available, they could be integrated in a panel of preoperative markers helping selecting patients who have extravesical lymph node involvement and more aggressive disease.
The prognostic value of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio in colorectal cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Haram Abdelhamed , Boland Michael R. , Kelly Michael E. , Bolger Jarlath C. , Waldron Ronan M. , Kerin Michael J.
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

The detection of a simple and reliable prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes remains a significant challenge. The use of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), has been reported to predict surgical and survival outcomes. The aim of our review was to assess the predictive value of pre‐operative NLR in predicting post‐operative outcomes in CRC.

METHODS

A systematic review of the available studies on NLR in CRC was performed. Primarily, we assessed its ability to predict survival outcomes, and highlight values that would help adjuvant therapy choices.

RESULTS

19 studies comprising 10 259 patients were included. Eleven and eight studies reported on patients with localized CRC and colorectal liver metastasis, respectively. Five‐year survival for those with localized CRC was 77.2% in patients with a “low” pre‐operative NLR versus 50.8% in those with a “high” pre‐operative NLR value. Alternatively, for patients with colorectal liver metastasis, patients with a “high” pre‐operative NLR value had a 5‐year survival of 27%.

CONCLUSION

Elevated pre‐operative NLR>5 is associated with poorer long‐term survival in both patients with localized CRC and those with liver metastasis. NLR is a useful biomarker in delineating those patients with poorer prognosis and whom may benefit from adjuvant therapies.
The effect of preoperative chemotherapy treatment in surgically treated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients—A multi‐institutional analysis
Authors: Buettner Stefan , Koerkamp Bas Groot , Ejaz Aslam , Buisman Florian E. , Kim Yuhree , Margonis Georgios Antonios , Alexandrescu Sorin , Marques Hugo P. , Lamelas Jorge , Aldrighetti Luca , Gamblin T. Clark , Maithel Shishir K. , Pulitano Carlo , Bauer Todd W. , Shen Feng , Poultsides George A. , Marsh J. Wallis , IJzermans Jan N.M. , Pawlik Timothy M.
Published: January 2017

INTRODUCTION

While preoperative chemotherapy (pCT) is utilized in many intra‐abdominal cancers, the use of pCT among patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remains ill defined. As such, the objective of the current study was to examine the impact of pCT among patients undergoing curative‐intent resection for ICC.

METHODS

Patients who underwent hepatectomy for ICC were identified from a multi‐institutional international cohort. The association between pCT with peri‐operative and long‐term clinical outcomes was assessed.

RESULTS

Of the 1 057 patients who were identified and met the inclusion criteria, 62 patients (5.9%) received pCT. These patients were noticed to have more advanced disease. Median OS (pCT:46.9 months vs no pCT:37.4 months; P = 0.900) and DFS (pCT: 34.1 months vs no pCT: 29.1 months; P = 0.909) were similar between the two groups. In a subgroup analysis of propensity‐score matched patients, there was longer OS (pCT:46.9 months vs no pCT:29.4 months) and DFS (pCT:34.1 months vs no pCT:14.0 months); however this did not reach statistical significance (both P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, pCT utilization among patients with ICC was higher among patients with more advanced disease. Short‐term post‐operative outcomes were not affected by pCT use and receipt of pCT resulted in equivalent OS and DFS following curative‐intent resection.
Maintenance and Reach of Exposure Psychotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 18 Months After Training
Authors: Rosen Craig S. , Eftekhari Afsoon , Crowley Jill J. , Smith Brandy N. , Kuhn Eric , Trent Lindsay , Martin Nicole , Tran Thuy , Ruzek Josef I.
Published: January 2017

This study examined aspects of clinicians’ work environment that facilitated sustained use of prolonged exposure (PE) therapy. Surveys were completed by 566 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs clinicians 6 and 18 months after intensive training in PE. The number of patients treated with PE at 18 months (reach) was modeled as a function of clinician demographics, clinician beliefs about PE, and work context factors. There were 342 clinicians (60.4%) who used PE at 6 and 18 months after training, 58 (10.2%) who used PE at 18 but not 6 months, 95 (16.7%) who used PE at 6 but not 18 months, and 71 (12.5%) who never adopted PE. Median reach was 12% of clinicians’ appointments with patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. Reach was predicted by flow of interested patients (incident response ratio [IRR] = 1.21 to 1.51), PE's perceived effectiveness (IRR = 1.04 to 1.31), working in a PTSD specialty clinic (IRR = 1.06 to 1.26), seeing more patients weekly (IRR = 1.04 to 1.25), and seeing fewer patients in groups (IRR = 0.83 to 0.99). Most clinicians trained in PE sustained use of the treatment, but on a limited basis. Strategies to increase reach of PE should address organizational barriers and patient engagement.
Predictors of PTSD Symptom Change Among Outpatients in the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System
Authors: Sripada Rebecca K. , Pfeiffer Paul N. , Rampton Jessica , Ganoczy Dara , Rauch Sheila A. M. , Polusny Melissa A. , Bohnert Kipling M.
Published: January 2017

Although the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has prioritized care for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), many patients with PTSD remain symptomatic. Patterns of PTSD symptom change are not well understood. Thus, the current study was designed to categorize and investigate potential predictors of symptom trajectories in patients with PTSD. The sample comprised 2,237 VA patients who were diagnosed with PTSD in 2013 and completed at least 4 PTSD Checklist (PCL) assessments over 12 weeks. Latent trajectory analysis was used to identify latent classes of patients based on PCL scores. Based on model fit indices, 3 trajectories were identified. Compared to patients in the mild‐improving trajectory (21.9%), those in the severe‐stable trajectory (34.3%) were more likely to be male, relative risk ratio (RRR) = 1.48, 95% CI [1.08, 2.02]; non‐White, RRR = 1.77, 95% CI [1.33, 2.35]; Hispanic, RRR = 2.07, 95% CI [1.40, 3.04]; and have comorbid depression, RRR = 1.58, 95% CI [1.25, 1.99]. Compared to patients in the moderate‐improving trajectory (43.8%), those in the severe‐stable trajectory were more likely to have sleep disorders, RRR = 1.25, 95% CI [1.01, 1.55]. Our findings suggest that male veterans, minority veterans, and veterans with certain comorbid conditions may be less likely to achieve improved PTSD symptoms. Targeted efforts are needed to improve outcomes for PTSD patients on nonremitting trajectories and to improve the consistency of PTSD assessment across the VA health care system.
A Meta‐Analysis of the Association Between Appraisals of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Mitchell Ryan , Brennan Kate , Curran David , Hanna Donncha , Dyer Kevin F. W.
Published: January 2017

Cognitive models of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) place an emphasis on the role of negative appraisals of traumatic events. It is suggested that the way in which the event is appraised determines the extent to which posttraumatic stress symptoms will be experienced. Therefore, a strong relationship between trauma appraisals and symptoms of PTSD might be expected. However, this relationship is not as firmly established in the child and adolescent literature. A systematic literature review of this relationship returned 467 publications, of which 11 met full eligibility criteria. A random effects meta‐analysis revealed a large effect size for the relationship between appraisals and PTSD symptoms in children and adolescents, r = .63, 95% CI [.58, .68], Z = 17.32, p < .001, with significant heterogeneity present. A sensitivity analysis suggested that this relationship was not contingent on 1 specific measure of appraisals. Results were consistent with the cognitive behavioral theory of PTSD, demonstrating that appraisals of trauma are strongly related to posttraumatic stress in children and adolescents. However, this relationship was not observed in a sample of 4‐ to 6‐year‐olds, indicating that further research is required to explicate cognitive processing of trauma in very young children.
For Whom Does Time Heal Wounds? Individual Differences in Stability and Change in Posttraumatic Stress After the 2011 Oslo Bombing
Authors: Birkeland Marianne Skogbrott , Hansen Marianne Bang , Blix Ines , Solberg Øivind , Heir Trond
Published: January 2017

Prospective studies describing and predicting individual differences in the course of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) after disasters are scarce. The present study aimed to describe and predict individual differences in both the level and the rate of change in PTSS after the 2011 Oslo bombing, a terrorist attack directed at the Norwegian government. Survey data from ministerial employees (N = 256) were collected 10, 22, and 34 months after the bombing. We used latent growth modeling to examine the development of PTSS, and to identify the strength of predictor variables. High exposure, female sex, and high levels of neuroticism were associated with higher levels of PTSS 10 months after the traumatic event (β ranged from .25 to .30, p < .001), whereas social support was associated with lower levels of PTSS (β = −.30, p < .001). The combination of being female and high in neuroticism was associated with a faster decline in PTSS (β range: −.20 to −.39, p = .010 < .05). High exposure seemed to have a lasting influence by maintaining high levels of PTSS. Our findings suggested that being female, being highly exposed, and having low levels of social support were risk markers for enduring PTSS.
The Course and Correlates of Combat‐Related PTSD in Australian Vietnam Veterans in the Three Decades After the War
Authors: O'Toole Brian I. , Catts Stanley V.
Published: January 2017

Australian male Vietnam veterans (N = 388) were assessed 22 and 36 years after their return to Australia using standardized diagnostic interviews, with added data from Army records and self‐report questionnaires. Among veterans who ever had posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 50.3% had a current diagnosis at the second assessment; of those who had a current diagnosis at Wave 1, 46.9% were also current at Wave 2. Late onset occurred for 19.0% of veterans, of whom 60.8% were current at Wave 2. Multivariate analysis compared veterans with no history of PTSD (n = 231) with veterans who had ever had PTSD (n = 157) to assess risk factors for PTSD incidence; and veterans with a history, but not current PTSD (n = 78) with veterans who had current PTSD at the second assessment (n = 79) to assess risk factors for failure to remit. Incidence was associated with lower education, shorter Army training predeployment, higher combat, excess drinking, and help‐seeking after return to Australia. Prevalence was associated with having a father who saw combat in World War II, being injured in battle, having a lower intelligence test score, experiencing higher combat, and having a diagnosis of phobia at the first assessment. Only combat was common to incidence and prevalence.
Synthesis of Poly(phenyltriazolylcarboxylate)s with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Characteristics by Metal‐Free 1,3‐Dipolar Polycycloaddition of Phenylpropiolate and Azides
Authors: Yuan Wei , Chi Weiwen , Liu Ruimin , Li Hongkun , Li Yongfang , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: January 2017

Two soluble poly(phenyltriazolylcarboxylate)s (PPTCs) with high molecular weights (M
w up to 26 800) are synthesized by the metal‐free 1,3‐dipolar polycycloadditions of 4,4′‐isopropylidenediphenyl diphenylpropiolate (1) and tetraphenylethene‐containing diazides (2) in dimethylformamide at 150 °C for 12 h in high yields (up to 93%). The resultant polymers are soluble in common organic solvents and are thermally stable with 5% weight loss temperatures higher than 375 °C. The PPTCs are nonemissive in solutions, but become highly luminescent upon aggregation, showing a phenomenon of aggregation‐induced emission. Their aggregates can be used as fluorescent chemosensors for high‐sensitivity detection of explosives.

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Trust‐region based return mapping algorithm for implicit integration of elastic‐plastic constitutive models
Authors: Lester B. T. , Scherzinger W. M.
Published: January 2017

A new method for the solution of the non‐linear equations forming the core of constitutive model integration is proposed. Specifically, the trust‐region method that has been developed in the numerical optimization community is successfully modified for use in implicit integration of elastic‐plastic models. Although attention here is restricted to these rate‐independent formulations, the proposed approach holds substantial promise for adoption with models incorporating complex physics, multiple inelastic mechanisms, and/or multiphysics. As a first step, the non‐quadratic Hosford yield surface is used as a representative case to investigate computationally challenging constitutive models. The theory and implementation are presented, discussed, and compared with other common integration schemes. Multiple boundary value problems are studied and used to verify the proposed algorithm and demonstrate the capabilities of this approach over more common methodologies. Robustness and speed are then investigated and compared with existing algorithms. Through these efforts, it is shown that the utilization of a trust‐region approach leads to superior performance versus a traditional closest‐point projection Newton–Raphson method and comparable speed and robustness to a line search augmented scheme. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship between Side‐Chain Polarity and the Self‐Assembly Characteristics of Perylene Diimide Derivatives in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Schill Jurgen , Milroy Lech‐Gustav , Lugger Jody A. M. , Schenning Albertus P. H. J. , Brunsveld Luc
Published: January 2017

Perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic acid diimides (PDIs) have recently gained considerable interest for water‐based biosensing applications. PDIs have been studied intensively in the bulk state, but their physical properties in aqueous solution in interplay with side‐chain polarity are, however, poorly understood. Therefore, three perylene diimide based derivatives were synthesized to study the relationship between side‐chain polarity and their self‐assembly characteristics in water. The polarity of the side chains was found to dictate the size and morphology of the formed aggregates. Side‐chain polarity rendered the self‐assembly and photophysical properties of the PDIs—both important for imminent water‐based applications—and these were revealed to be especially responsive to changes in solvent composition.
Interaction induced topological protection in one‐dimensional conductors
Authors: Kainaris Nikolaos , Santos Raul A. , Gutman D. B. , Carr Sam T.
Published: January 2017

We discuss two one‐dimensional model systems – the first is a single channel quantum wire with Ising anisotropy, while the second is two coupled helical edge states. We show that the two models are governed by the same low energy effective field theory, and interactions drive both systems to exhibit phases which are metallic, but with all single particle excitations gapped. We show that such states may be either topological or trivial; in the former case, the system demonstrates gapless end states, and insensitivity to disorder.
Electronic properties of MoS2 nanoribbon with strain using tight‐binding method
Authors: Chen Shuo‐Fan , Wu Yuh‐Renn
Published: January 2017

The tight binding method was used to calculate the band structures of and its nanoribbon structures. We studied the influences of the quantum confinement effect and the strain effect to the band structure. The tensile strains were applied on both the confined and the transport directions of the nanoribbon. We found that the bandgap and the effective mass decrease with an increasing strain. In addition, the tensile strain along the transport direction has a better effect on reducing the hole effective mass. Although external strains can reduce the carrier effective mass, the valence band edge actually changes from the K valley to the valley with a significantly larger effective mass.

Sructure profile (real space and k‐space) and valence band maximum under different tensile strains.
Investigating raindrop size distributions in the (L‐)skewness–(L‐)kurtosis plane
Authors: Cugerone K. , De Michele C.
Published: January 2017

Skewness–kurtosis (β3−β4) and L‐skewness–L‐kurtosis (τ3−τ4) planes are proposed here as diagnostic tools to guide the identification of drop size distributions (DSDs) of rainfall at the ground. Firstly, we have determined β3−β4 and τ3−τ4 domains of 13 distribution families, namely normal, exponential, gamma, truncated gamma, log‐normal, truncated log‐normal, Weibull, hyperbolic, generalized hyperbolic, log‐logistic, skewed Laplace, Johnson SB and Johnson SU. These include those most used to represent DSDs and, in general, particle size distributions (PSDs). Secondly, we have considered 1 min and 2 min disdrometric data, collected at six sites in the United States, and reported the empirical couples (β3,β4) and (τ3,τ4) in the moment diagrams. The location uncertainty of the empirical couples in the diagrams, mostly due to the occurrence of sampling errors, has been thoroughly investigated. The variability of the empirical DSD couples (β3,β4) and (τ3,τ4) is well described by truncated gamma, truncated log‐normal and Johnson SB over the other considered distributions. However, a Monte Carlo analysis has shown that the Johnson SB is the most adequate distribution in describing the drop size variability, being characterized by the lowest level of uncertainty.
A research review on clinical needs, technical requirements, and normativity in the design of surgical robots
Authors: Díaz Carlos Eduardo , Fernández Roemi , Armada Manuel , García Felipe
Published: January 2017

Nowadays robots play an important role in society, mainly due to the significant benefits they provide when utilized for assisting human beings in the execution of dangerous or repetitive tasks. Medicine is one of the fields in which robots are gaining greater use and development, especially those employed in minimally invasive surgery (MIS). However, due to the particular conditions of the human body where robots have to act, the design of these systems is complex, not only from a technical point of view, but also because the clinical needs and the normativity aspects are important considerations that have to be taken into account in order to achieve better performances and more secure systems for patients and surgeons. Thus, this paper explores the clinical needs and the technical requirements that will trace the roadmap for the next scientific and technological advances in the field of robotic surgery, the metrics that should be defined for safe technology development and the standards that are being elaborated for boosting the industry and facilitating systems integration.
Low‐Head Dam Impacts on Habitat and the Functional Composition of Fish Communities
Authors: Smith S. C. F. , Meiners S. J. , Hastings R. P. , Thomas T. , Colombo R. E.
Published: January 2017

The natural flow regime of many rivers in the USA has been impacted by anthropogenic structures. This loss of connectivity plays a role in shaping river ecosystems by altering physical habitat characteristics and shaping fish assemblages. Although the impacts of large dams on river systems are well documented, studies on the effects of low‐head dams using a functional guild approach have been fewer. We assessed river habitat quality and fish community structure at 12 sites on two rivers; the study sites included two sites below each dam, two sites in the pool above each dam and two sites upstream of the pool extent. Fish communities were sampled from 2012 to 2015 using a multi‐gear approach in spring and fall seasons. We aggregated fishes into habitat and reproductive guilds in order to ascertain dams' effects on groups of fishes that respond similarly to environmental variation. We found that habitat quality was significantly poorer in the artificial pools created above the dams than all other sampling sites. Fast riffle specialist taxa were most abundant in high‐quality riffle habitats farthest from the dams, while fast generalists and pelagophils were largely restricted to areas below the downstream‐most impoundment. Overall, these dams play a substantial role in shaping habitat, which impacts fish community composition on a functional level. Utilizing this functional approach enables us to mechanistically link the effects of impoundments to the structure of fish communities and form generalizations that can be applied to other systems. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface properties of metal alloys used in aviation after plasma treatment
Authors: Terpilowski Konrad , Rymuszka Diana , Hołysz Lucyna , Ilnicki Marek
Published: January 2017

The metal alloys: aluminum AMS 4037, 4041, 4049, carbon steel AMS 5045, titanium alloy AMS 4911 and cadmium steel used in aviation were treated by air and argon plasmas. For their activation, low pressure plasma was used. Surface treatment caused a significant increase of wettability due to the increasing surface roughness and introduction of polar functional groups onto the surface. Changes of surface properties are reflected by the value of electron donor parameter of apparent surface energy. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
College instruction is not so stress free after all: A qualitative and quantitative study of academic entitlement, uncivil behaviors, and instructor strain and burnout
Authors: Jiang Lixin , Tripp Thomas M. , Hong Phan Y.
Published: January 2017

The vast majority of today's college students are millennials, who have traits of confidence, tolerance, but also of entitlement and narcissism (Twenge, 2006). Therefore, college instructors face a unique challenge: dealing with the requests from academically entitled students, who have unreasonable expectations of receiving academic success, regardless of performance (Chowning & Campbell, 2009). We conducted two studies to examine whether student academic entitlement would increase instructors' strain and burnout via uncivil behaviors. A qualitative inquiry asked 136 instructors with college‐teaching experience to describe types of behaviors entitled students display, their responses to entitled students, and the influence of these interactions on instructors' well‐being. Next, a quantitative study with data from 857 college students nested in 34 instructors tested a multilevel mediation model where students' academic entitlement was related to instructor‐reported uncivil behaviors, which in turn related to instructors' strain and burnout. Both studies largely support our hypothesis that uncivil behaviors fully mediate the relationship between students' academic entitlement and instructors' strain and burnout. We recommend employing behavioral modification strategies to decrease uncivil behaviors (e.g., class rules regarding uncivil behaviors might be specified in the course syllabus and consistently enforced) because academic entitlement attitudes are largely stable beliefs and thus may be less amenable to modification.
DRIVE: The Five Megatrends that Underpin the Future Business, Social, and Economic Landscapes
Authors: Esposito Mark , Tse Terence
Published: January 2017

There is no doubt that the world is constantly changing at a faster‐than‐ever pace. This makes it seemingly impossible to predict what our future holds, and we should be naturally wary of anyone, promising a clear look into the future. DRIVE is a framework that helps us determine the changes needed today, to correct the trajectories of tomorrow. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Plane stress analysis of magnetoelectric composite and reinforced plates: Applications to wafer‐ and rib‐reinforced plates and three‐layered honeycomb shells
Authors: Hadjiloizi D. A. , Kalamkarov A. L. , Georgiades A. V.
Published: January 2017

The equations of dynamic force and thermal balance as well as the time‐varying form of Maxwell's equations are used to develop a comprehensive asymptotic homogenization model for the design and analysis of composite and reinforced magnetoelectric plates. The model generates twenty unit cell problems that can be used to determine the effective elastic, piezoelectric, piezomagnetic, electrical conductivity and other properties of the structure under consideration. Of particular interest among these effective coefficients are the so‐called product properties which are manifested in the macroscopic composite plate via the strain transfer and general interactions between the different phases but may be absent from the behavior of the individual constituents of the composite. Examples of product properties are the magnetoelectric, pyroelectric and pyromagnetic coefficients. This paper applies the model developed to three general magnetoelectric structures; wafer‐reinforced plates, rib‐reinforced plates, and three‐layered honeycomb shells. For the sake of generality, all structures considered are assumed to be made of generally orthotropic constituents. Unlike previous models it is discovered in this work that the effective coefficients of such structures are not constants, but are, instead, functions of time. As a direct consequence, the dependent field variables (stress, strain, electric and magnetic field, heat flux, current density, and all others) are also functions of time; this results in a homogenized structure which exhibits memory‐like behavior. In fact, it is shown in this paper that other previously derived models can be viewed as particular special cases of the model developed here when electrical conductivity is ignored and all pertinent quantities are time‐averaged by integrating them over the entire time spectrum. Collectively, the results presented here represent a significant refinement of previously established results.
Humphrey Jennings
Authors: Jennings Marie-Louise
Published: January 2017

Humphrey Jennings was one of Britain's greatest documentary film-makers, described by Lindsay Anderson in 1954 as 'the only real poet the British cinema has yet produced'. A member of the GPO Film Unit and director of wartime canonical classics such as Listen to Britain (1942) and A Diary for Timothy (1945), he was also an acclaimed writer, painter, photographer and poet.

This seminal collection of critical essays, first published in 1982 and here reissued with a new introduction, traces Jennings's fascinating career in all its aspects with the aid of documents from the Jennings family archive. Situating Jennings's work in the world of his contemporaries, and illuminating the qualities by which his films are now recognised, Humphrey Jennings: Film-Maker, Painter, Poet explores the many insights and cultural contributions of this truly remarkable artist.
Fault trees on a diet: automated reduction by graph rewriting
Authors: Junges Sebastian , Guck Dennis , Katoen Joost-Pieter , Rensink Arend , Stoelinga Mariëlle
Published: January 2017

Fault trees are a popular industrial technique for reliability modelling and analysis. Their extension with common reliability patterns, such as spare management, functional dependencies, and sequencing—known as
dynamic
fault trees (DFTs)—has an adverse effect on scalability, prohibiting the analysis of complex, industrial cases. This paper presents a novel, fully automated reduction technique for DFTs. The key idea is to interpret DFTs as directed graphs and exploit graph rewriting to simplify them. We present a collection of rewrite rules, address their correctness, and give a simple heuristic to determine the order of rewriting. Experiments on a large set of benchmarks show substantial DFT simplifications, yielding state space reductions and timing gains of up to two orders of magnitude.
Decades‐long effects of high CO2 concentration on soil nitrogen dynamics at a natural CO2 spring
Authors: Ueda Miki U. , Onoda Yusuke , Kamiyama Chiho , Hikosaka Kouki
Published: January 2017

The effects of high atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) on ecosystem processes have been explored using temporal facilities such as open‐top‐chambers and free‐air CO2 enrichment. However, the effects of high [CO2] on soil properties takes decades and may not be captured by short‐term experiments. Natural CO2 springs provide a unique opportunity to study the long‐term effects of high [CO2]. In this study, we investigated soil properties at a natural CO2 spring. We found that the amounts of total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stored in the soil at the high [CO2] site exceeded those in the reference site by 60 and 30%, respectively. The effects of high [CO2] were large in the upper slope position where the canopy openness was high and plants grew faster, but no effects were detected in the lowest position where the canopy openness was lower (half of that at the upper slope position). In contrast, effects of high [CO2] on soil N dynamics, such as N mineralization and nitrification rates, did not exhibit a slope gradient. This suggests that effects of high [CO2] differed among soil stoichiometric characteristics and N dynamics. These complicated effects of high [CO2] imply that the future effects of high [CO2] on ecosystems could vary widely in conjunction with environmental conditions such as light availability and/or topographic conditions.
Expanding Perspectives on Evangelicalism: How Non-evangelical Students Appreciate Evangelical Christianity
Authors: Mayhew Matthew J. , Rockenbach Alyssa N. , Bowman Nicholas A. , Lo Marc A. , Starcke Matthew A. , Riggers-Piehl Tiffani , Crandall Rebecca E.
Published: January 2017

Evangelical students pose a distinctive set of challenges to higher education professionals. These students, though advantaged to some degree because of their Christian identity, commonly report feeling marginalized and silenced on college campuses. In light of these tensions, the purpose of this study was to examine how non-evangelical students come to an appreciative understanding of evangelical Christianity. Specifically, the research focused on the specific campus conditions and experiences that influence non-evangelical students’ appreciative attitudes toward evangelicals. Findings reveal distinct demographic, institution type, and academic major differences in those students’ perspectives toward their evangelical peers. Additionally, the results suggest that appreciative attitudes toward evangelicals are associated with non-evangelical students’ interfaith experiences, albeit to differing degrees based on self-identified worldview. Recognizing that the work of helping non-evangelical students develop an appreciative understanding of evangelicals is as complicated as it is challenging, especially in the collegiate context, the authors conclude with a discussion of implications for research and practice.