bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound Guidance for Pediatric Central Venous Catheterization: A Meta-analysis
Authors: de Souza Tiago Henrique , Brandão Marcelo Barciela , Nadal José Antonio Hersan , Nogueira Roberto José Negrão
Published: October 2018

CONTEXT:

Central venous catheterization is routinely required in patients who are critically ill, and it carries an associated morbidity. In pediatric patients, the procedures can be difficult and challenging, predominantly because of their anatomic characteristics.

OBJECTIVE:

To determine whether ultrasound-guided techniques are associated with a reduced incidence of failures and complications when compared with the anatomic landmark technique.

DATA SOURCES:

We conducted a systematic search of PubMed and Embase.

STUDY SELECTION:

We included randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized studies in which researchers compare ultrasound guidance with the anatomic landmark technique in children who underwent central venous catheterization.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Study characteristics, sample sizes, participant characteristics, settings, descriptions of the ultrasound technique, puncture sites, and outcomes were analyzed. Pooled analyses were performed by using random-effects models.

RESULTS:

A total of 23 studies (3995 procedures) were included. Meta-analysis revealed that ultrasound guidance significantly reduced the risk of cannulation failure (odds ratio = 0.27; 95% confidence interval: 0.17–0.43), with significant heterogeneity seen among the studies. Ultrasound guidance also significantly reduced the incidence of arterial punctures (odds ratio = 0.34; 95% confidence interval: 0.21–0.55), without significant heterogeneity seen among the studies. Similar results were observed for femoral and internal jugular veins.

LIMITATIONS:

Potential publication bias for cannulation failure and arterial puncture was detected among the studies. However, no publication bias was observed when analyzing only the subgroup of randomized clinical trials.

CONCLUSIONS:

Ultrasound-guided techniques are associated with a reduced incidence of failures and inadvertent arterial punctures in pediatric central venous catheterization when compared with the anatomic landmark technique.
An Alternative Pedagogy for the Teaching of Anatomy and Physiology Beyond the Classroom
Authors: Bilton Natalia , Rae John , Snikeris Peta , Barry Kym , Milograna Sarah , Reeve Michelle , Roberts Craig
Published: October 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Valuing Indigenous culture is a requirement for teaching at the Charles Sturt University and we enact this on the Port Macquarie and dubbo campuses through the principles of Indigenous pedagogy/andragogy (IP). In this paper we share our experiences of IP-inspired learning activities, in particular our use of the 8 Aboriginal Ways of Learning (Yunkaporta, 2009), to increase student engagement with anatomy and physiology and support the retention of Indigenous students in their first year of university study. Indeed, we propose that this approach will increase the educational success of all students.
COMPARAÇÃO DE MÉTODOS DE INTERPOLAÇÃO E ANÁLISE ESPACIAL EM DADOS DE pH, EM BOTUCATU-SP
Authors: Bucene Luciana Corpas , Zimback Célia Regina Lopes
Published: October 2018

COMPARAÇÃO DE MÉTODOS DE INTERPOLAÇÃO E ANÁLISE ESPACIAL EM DADOS DE pH, EM BOTUCATU-SP1 Luciana Corpas BuceneFaculdade de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP. CP 6011, CEP 13083-970. E-mail: luciana.bucene@agr.unicamp.brCélia Regina Lopes ZimbackDepartamento de Recursos Naturais ,Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas,Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP. CP 237, CEP 18603-970. E-mail: czimback@fca.unesp.br  1 RESUMO  O termo Modelo Numérico do Terreno (MNT) é utilizado para denotar a representação quantitativa de uma grandeza que varia continuamente no espaço. Podem ser utilizados para modelar informações relativas às propriedades do solo, como pH do solo. Nesse sentido, a análise espacial oferece uma complexa quantidade de ferramentas que fornecem estimativas para locais não amostrados, servindo-se de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG’s). Algumas técnicas de interpolação de dados são comumente utilizadas para interpolação de dados pontuais para locais não amostrados. Neste trabalho, comparou-se dois métodos de interpolação de dados, através de técnicas de geoestatísticas, avaliando o método da Krigagem e o método do Quadrado do Inverso da Distância, utilizando-se do interpolador Interpol, ambos disponíveis no SIG IDRISI, para a obtenção do Modelo Numérico do Terreno. Os resultados indicam que o método pela Krigagem é mais acentuado por representar uma superfície contínua e com boa distribuição, numa estrutura de semivariância que permitiu um ajuste cuja correlação entre valores observados e preditos foi de 0.9001, sugerindo uma possibilidade de estimar valores não amostrados de forma confiável.  UNITERMOS: Interpolação de dados, geoestatística, quadrado do inverso da distância e Krigagem.  BUCENE, L. C., ZIMBACK, C. R. L. COMPARISON OF INTERPOLATION AND SPACIAL ANALYSIS METHOD IN PH SOIL DATA, IN BOTUCATU-SP  2 ABSTRACT  The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) term has been used for a greatness quantitative representation which varies continuously in the space. It can be used for information modeling related to soil properties such as pH soil . Thus, spatial analysis offers a complex number of tools which provide estimates for non-sampled places through Geographical Information System (GIS). Some data interpolation techniques have been usually used for punctual data in non-sampled places. In this work two data interpolation methods have been compared using geostatistics techniques in order to evaluate the Kriging and Inverse Distance Weighting methods. The Interpol interpolator has been used to have the Digital Elevation Model, both available at SIG IDRISI. The results showed that the Kriging method is more accentuated due to a continuous surface representation and good distribution. The 0.9001 correlation between estimated and observed data has been obtained suggesting a reliable data estimating possibility for non-sampled values.  KEYWORDS: Data interpolation, geostatistics, inverse distance weighting and Kriging.
ÉPOCAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO E PARCELAMENTO DA ADUBAÇÃO SOBRE A PRODUTIVIDADE DO CAFEEIRO ARÁBICA COM 17 ANOS DE IDADE
Authors: Coelho Gilberto , Silva Antonio Marciano da , Silva Ricardo Augusto da , Oliveira Polyanna M. de , Silva Antonio C. da , Sato Fabio A , Lago Fabiano J. do
Published: October 2018

ÉPOCAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO E PARCELAMENTO DA ADUBAÇÃO SOBRE A PRODUTIVIDADE DO CAFEEIRO ARÁBICA COM 17 ANOS DE IDADE[1]   Gilberto Coelho; Antonio Marciano da Silva; Ricardo Augusto da Silva; Polyanna M. de Oliveira; Antonio C. da Silva; Fábio A. Sato; Fabiano J. do LagoDepartamento de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, coelho@ufla.br   1 RESUMO  Em experimento instalado numa cultura de café Coffea arabica L, cultivar Catuaí – Vermelho (IAC 44), cultivado há 17 anos, com espaçamento de 3,5 m entre linhas e 0,8 m entre plantas, avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes parcelamentos de adubação e de épocas de irrigação sobre a produtividade do cafeeiro. O delineamento experimental constou de 4 blocos, contendo 4 parcelas casualizadas (P4 = 36; P3 = 24; P2 = 12 e P1 = 4 parcelamentos da adubação via fertirrigação). Cada parcela foi dividida em 5 subparcelas sem casualização, sendo que, 4 subparcelas representavam épocas de  irrigação (A - de 01/06 a 30/09; B – de 15/07 a 30/09, C - de 01/09 a 30/09, D - de 01/09 a 30/09 adubada manualmente) e uma subparcela sem irrigação (E) adubada com adubo convencional. A produtividade da cultura (safra 01/02) em kg de café beneficiado por hectare (kg ha-1), foi submetida à análise de variância, por meio da qual verificou-se que somente  houve efeito significativo para o fator  épocas de irrigação, destacando o tratamento “A” com uma maior produtividade (3510,89 kg ha-1).  UNITERMOS: irrigação, fertirrigação, produtividade.   COELHO, G.; SILVA, A.M. ; SILVA, R.A. ; OLIVEIRA, P.M. ; SILVA. A.C. ; SATO, F.S.; LAGO, F.J. IRRIGATION PERIODS AND FERTILIZER SPLITTING ON THE ARABIC COFFEE PLANT PRODUCTIVITY   2 ABSTRACT  In an experiment carried out in a Coffea arabica L coffee plantation, species Catuaí - Red (IAC 44), cultivated 17 years ago, with spacing of 3.5 m among lines and 0.8 m among plants, the effect of different fertilizer splitting and irrigation periods on the coffee plant productivity was evaluated. The experimental design consisted of 4 blocks, containing 4 random portions (P4 = 36; P3 = 24; P2 = 12 and P1 = 4 fertilizer splitting through fertigation). Each portion was divided into 5 non random sub portions, in which 4 sub portions represented irrigation periods (A - from 06/01 to 09/30; B - from 07/15 to 09/30, C - from 09/01 to 09/30, D - from 01/09 to 30/09 fertilized manually) and a sub portion without irrigation (E) fertilized with conventional fertilizer. The culture productivity (crop 01/02) per kg of processed coffee per hectare underwent variance analysis, through which it was verified that there was only a significant effect for the irrigation period factor, and that treatment “A” presented highest productivity.    KEYWORDS: irrigation, fertigation, productivity.[1] Projeto financiado pelo PNP&D/Café (07.1.98.301-12) e CNPqRecebido em 04/07/2003 e aprovado para publicação em 03/09/2003
DOSES DE NITROGÊNIO E POTÁSSIO APLICADAS VIA FERTIRRIGAÇÃO EM BANANEIRA
Authors: Pinto José Maria , Faria Clementino M. B. de , Silva Davi José , Feitosa Filho José Crispiniano
Published: October 2018

DOSES DE NITROGÊNIO E POTÁSSIO APLICADAS VIA FERTIRRIGAÇÃO EM BANANEIRA  José Maria Pinto1; Clementino M. B. de Faria1; Davi José Silva1; José Crispiniano Feitosa Filho21 Empresa Brasileira de Agropecuária,  Semi-Árido, BR 428 km 152, Zona Rural, Caixa Postal 23, CEP 56302-300 - Petrolina –PE,  jmpinto@cpatsa.embrapa.br2 Centro de Ciências Agrarias, Universidade Federal da Paraiba,  Areia, PB  1 RESUMO A banana é uma das frutas mais consumidas no mundo sendo cultivada na maioria dos países tropicais. A área cultivada atualmente no pólo Petrolina (PE) – Juazeiro (BA) com a cultura é de aproximadamente 5000 ha. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar doses de nitrogênio e potássio aplicados via água de irrigação visando aumentar a produtividade da cultura da bananeira no Submédio São Francisco. O nitrogênio e o potássio foram aplicados via água de irrigação numa freqüência de três vezes por semana ao longo de todo o ciclo fenológico da bananeira, utilizando-se injetores hidráulicos de fertilizantes. A adubação fosfatada foi dividida em duas partes iguais, aplicadas a cada seis meses, durante o ciclo da cultura. Para produção de frutos, peso de cacho e número de frutos por cacho em relação ao nitrogênio, ajustaram-se, pela análise de regressão, equações quadráticas, cuja dose que proporcionou a produtividade máxima (17 t.ha-1) foi de 340 kg.ha-1 de N. Essa dose situa-se no intervalo das doses de N que proporcionaram o melhor teor de sólido solúveis. O potássio influenciou apenas no número de frutos por cacho. UNITERMOS: Musa spp, irrigação, nitrogênio, potássio  PINTO, J. M.; FARIA, C. M. B.; SILVA, D. J.; FEITOSA FILHO, J. C.NITROGEN AND POTASSIUM DOSES THROUGH FERTIGATION ON BANANA CROP  2 ABSTRACT Banana is one the most consumed fruit worldwide and has been cropped in almost all tropical countries. Nowadays, the cropped area in Petrolina-Juazeiro, Brazil, is about 5,000 ha. The aim of this research was to evaluate levels of nitrogen and potassium applied through water irrigation to improve productivity of banana in the semi-arid region of Brazil. Nitrogen and potassium were applied in the irrigation water three times a week during the crop phenological phases. Phosphate fertilization was fractionated in two parts and applied twice a year. Polynomial regression data analysis on fruit yield, cluster weight and cluster fruit numbers showed a quadratic fit. Nitrogen was effective for both bunch, cluster weight and fruit number and the best rate was 340 kg.ha-1 for maximum yield (17,43 t.ha-1), while potassium influenced only the number of fruits by cluster. KEYWORDS: Musa spp, irrigation, nitrogen, potassium
ESTUDO DO CONSUMO E CUSTO DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA EM CULTURA DE SOJA IRRIGADA
Authors: Turco José Eduardo Pitelli , Santos Júnior Jarbas Dos , Fernandes Edemo João
Published: October 2018

ESTUDO DO CONSUMO E CUSTO DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA EM CULTURA DE SOJA IRRIGADA  José Eduardo Pitelli Turco; Jarbas Dos  Santos Junior;  Edemo João FernandesDepartamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, CEP 14884-900,  Jaboticabal, SP jepturco@fcav.unesp.br  1        RESUMO             Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar o consumo e custo de energia elétrica em cultura de soja, submetida a quatro regimes de irrigação: T1 – irrigação efetuada quando o esgotamento da água do solo atingiu 40% da reserva utilizável (RU); T2 – irrigação efetuada quando o esgotamento da água do solo atingiu 60% da RU; T3 – irrigação efetuada quando o esgotamento da água do solo atingiu 80% da RU; T4 – sem irrigação; T5 – irrigação efetuada quando o esgotamento da água do solo atingiu 40% da RU. Sendo que, para T1, T2 e T3 a lamina de água determinada pelo ETo foi obtido pelo método do tanque Classe A, já para T5 o ETo foi obtido pelo método de Penman-Monteith. A cultura da soja foi irrigada com um sistema de irrigação por aspersão convencional. O consumo de energia elétrica do sistema de irrigação foi medido por meio da utilização de um Medidor de Energia (mod. Microvip3 - Elcontrol, Itália). Os resultados desse estudo mostraram que os tratamentos irrigados com maior freqüência apresentaram menor relação consumo de energia elétrica / produção de grãos. UNITERMOS: consumo de energia elétrica e custo de energia elétrica, soja  TURCO, J. E. P.; SANTOS JUNIOR, J.; FERNANDES, E. J.CONSUMPTION AND ELECTRICITY COSTS OF ELECTRIC ENERGY ONIRRIGATED SOYBEAN CROP  2        ABSTRACT             The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the consumption and electricity costs of electric energy on soybean crop under four irrigation regimes: T1 - irrigation started when the soil water depletion reached 40% of available reserve; T2 irrigation started when the soil water depletion reached 60% of available reserve; T3 - irrigation started when the soil water depletion reached 80% of available reserve; T4 – no irrigation; T5 – irrigation started when the soil water depletion reached 40% of available reserve. The water consumption of the T1, T2 and T3 was determined by Class A pan evaporation, and for T5 by Penman – Montheith method. The soybean crop was irrigated with a conventional sprinkle system. The consumption of electric energy of irrigation system was measured by a Measurer of Energy (mod. Microvip3 - Elcontrol, Italy). The results of this study showed that treatments irrigated with larger frequency present smaller relationship consumption of electric energy / grain yield.   KEYWORDS: consumption of energy, electricity costs, soybean.
AVALIAÇÃO DE SENSORES DO TIPO IRRIGAS PARA O CONTROLE DA IRRIGAÇÃO EM HORTALIÇAS CULTIVADAS EM SUBSTRATO
Authors: Marouelli Waldir Aparecido , Calbo Adonai Gimenez , Carrijo Osmar Alves
Published: October 2018

AVALIAÇÃO DE SENSORES DO TIPO IRRIGASÒ PARA O CONTROLE DA IRRIGAÇÃO EM HORTALIÇAS CULTIVADAS EM SUBSTRATO  Waldir Aparecido Marouelli; Adonai Gimenez Calbo; Osmar Alves CarrijoEmpresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária -  Hortaliças,Caixa Postal 218, Brasília/DFwaldir@cnph.embrapa.br  1 RESUMO Avaliou-se a viabilidade técnica de três protótipos de sensores de tensão matricial de 7 kPa, baseados no princípio de funcionamento do IrrigasÒ, para determinação do momento de irrigação em substratos de fibra de coco verde e comercial cultivados com plantas de pimentão. Os protótipos construídos em discos de vidro e de tecido não apresentaram sensibilidade às variações de umidade nos substratos avaliados, provavelmente devido à pequena superfície porosa em contato com o substrato. Por outro lado, as leituras dos sensores construídos em cápsula cerâmica porosa apresentaram alta correlação com as dos tensiômetros, mostrando-se viáveis para o manejo da irrigação em hortaliças do tipo fruto cultivadas em substratos. Adicionalmente, os sensores com cápsula cerâmica não requereram qualquer tipo de manutenção durante o período de avaliação, indicando serem altamente viáveis para o controle da irrigação em substratos. UNITERMOS: Capsicum annuum L., sensor de umidade, tensiômetro, cultivo sem solo.  MAROUELLI, W. A.; CALBO, A. G.; CARRIJO, O. A.VIABILITY EVALUATION OF IRRIGASÒ SENSORS FOR IRRIGATION SCHEDULING ON VEGETABLE CROPS GROWING ON SUBSTRATES  2 ABSTRACT Three 7-kPa matrix tension sensor prototypes, based on the working principle of IrrigasÒ, were tested to schedule irrigation on coconut fibers and commercial substrates cultivated with bell pepper plants. The sensors made with glass and textiles discs were not sensitive to moisture changes on both substrates, due probably to the small porosity surface in contact with the substrate. On the other hand, the correlation between porous ceramic capsule and tensiometer readings was highly significant. Besides, ceramic type IrrigasÒ did not require any type of maintenance during the evaluation period, an indication of toughness. Thus, the ceramic sensor showed to be highly viable for irrigation scheduling on fruit-type vegetable crops growing on substrates. KEYWORDS: Capsicum annuum L., moisture sensor, tensiometer, soil less culture.
Phase II Trial of 5-Fluorouracil, Docetaxel, and Nedaplatin (UDON) Combination Therapy for Recurrent or Metastatic Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Ueda Hiroto , Kawakami Hisato , Nonagase Yoshikane , Takegawa Naoki , Okuno Tatsuya , Takahama Takayuki , Takeda Masayuki , Chiba Yasutaka , Tamura Takao , Nakagawa Kazuhiko
Published: October 2018

Lessons Learned

The 5-fluorouracil, docetaxel, and nedaplatin (UDON) regimen was well tolerated and showed promising antitumor activity in terms of both objective response rate and survival for patients with advanced or recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the first-line setting. UDON may be an optimal treatment option for patients with advanced esophageal cancer who are unfit for docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil regimens. The high response rate as well as the rapid and marked tumor shrinkage associated with UDON suggest that further evaluation of this regimen in the neoadjuvant setting is warranted.

Background

A phase II study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), docetaxel, and nedaplatin (UDON) combination therapy for untreated recurrent or metastatic esophageal cancer.

Methods

Patients received intravenous nedaplatin (90 mg/m2) on day 1, docetaxel (35 mg/m2) on days 1 and 15, and 5-fluorouracil (800 mg/m2) on days 1–5 of a 4-week cycle. The primary endpoint was response rate, with secondary endpoints including overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), dysphagia score, and adverse events.

Results

Between March 2015 and July 2017, 23 patients were enrolled. Of 22 evaluable patients, 16 and 4 individuals experienced a partial response and stable disease, respectively, yielding a response rate of 72.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 49.8%–89.3%) and disease control rate of 90.9% (95% CI, 70.8%–98.9%). Median OS and PFS were 11.2 months (95% CI, 9.1 months to not reached) and 6.0 months (95% CI, 2.5–10.6 months), respectively. Eleven (64.7%) of the 17 patients with a primary lesion showed amelioration of dysphagia after treatment. Frequent adverse events of grade 3 or 4 included neutropenia (87.0%) and leukopenia (39.1%). Febrile neutropenia was observed in two patients (8.7%).

Conclusion

This phase II study demonstrated promising antitumor activity and good tolerability of UDON.
Efeitos do exercício físico sobre o estresse percebido de idosos
Authors: Santos Francieli Aparecida dos , Oliveira Daniel Vicentini de , Antunes Mateus Dias , Faria Terezinha Gomes
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: realizar uma revisão de literatura, sobre os efeitos do exercício físico sobre o estresse percebido de idosos. Método: trata-se de uma revisão de literatura com levantamento de informações com base em pesquisa realizadas entre os anos de 2006 a 2017 com os descritores: Idoso, Envelhecimento, Exercício e Estresse Psicológico no idioma português, espanhol e inglês. Resultados: os estudos apontam que os exercícios realizados regularmente fornecem inúmeros benefícios nos aspectos psicológicos relacionados à preservação da função cognitiva, alívio dos sintomas de depressão e comportamento, e uma melhora no conceito de controle pessoal diminuindo os níveis de estresse, e consequentemente, melhora a qualidade de vida do idoso. Conclusão: o exercício físico promove uma melhor qualidade de vida e reduz o estresse percebido em idosos, sendo uma alternativa de promoção da saúde física e mental.
EVALUATION OF THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF DIFFUSION LAYER IN THE PROCESS OF MICROARC STEEL VANADATION
Authors: Stepanov M. S. , Dombrovskii Yu. M. , Davidyan L. V.
Published: October 2018

Traditional processes of thermochemical treatment of steel have a longer duration, so there are proposed the new methods of intensification of diffusion saturation with high-energy impacts on the material surface. In the process of micro-arc alloying the steel product is immersed in a container filled with powder of coal, and is heated by passing electric current. In a powder environment, microdischarges are formed, which are concentrated around the product and create an area of gas discharge with the formation of a carbonaceous gas environment, which enables carburizing of steel. The application of coating containing diffusant allows forming coating of a carbide type due to simultaneous carbon diffusion into alloying elements. The influence of micro-arc surface alloying of steel with vanadium on mechanical properties of diffusion coatings is studied, and the primary mechanism of steel hardening at microarc alloying is revealed. Cylindrical samples of 20 steel were used; the source diffusant was a powder of ferrovanadium. Current density on the sample surface was 0.3 A/cm2, total duration of the process was 3 min. The mechanical properties of coatings were evaluated by means of indentation using pyramidal indenter, at loads of 2.5 mN, 20 mN and 100mN. The diffusion layer with thickness of 170 – 180 μm consists of a base with hardness of 8 – 9 GPa, containing mild etching inclusions of up to 5 μm with microhardness of 21 – 25 GPa. The base of the layer represents an α-solid solution of vanadium in iron, and inclusions are carbides of VC0.863 type. By atomic force microscopy it was established, that the surface relief is defined by single, relatively large carbide particles with a size of up to 3 μm, and by plural nano-sized carbide particles, which act as  the strengthening phase, providing high microhardness of the coating. By method of indentation of the hardened layer cross section using different loads hardening effect of the carbide particles is proven. Estimation of possible mechanisms of hardening have shown that the greatest contribution to diffusion layer hardening is made by dispersion component significantly increasing the yield stress of α-solid solution of iron in comparison with the initial state, which is 38 times greater than the contribution of solid-solution hardening.
Surgery versus conservative management for lumbar disc herniation with radiculopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dan-Azumi Musa Sani , Bello Bashir , Rufai Salim Ahmad , Abdulrahman Mamuda Alhaji
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Lumbar Disk Herniation with Radiculopathy (LDHR) appears to be a large and costly problem. The paradigm regarding the best treatment for LDHR has being between surgery and conservative management. The aim of this study was to compare and summarize evidence regarding the effectiveness of surgery and conservative treatment for individuals with sciatica due to lumbar disc herniation.

Methods: This study reviewed all literatures published on individuals with LDHR, who were managed either via surgery or conservative method. Pain and functional disability were the main outcome measures analyzed. A comprehensive search of PubMed, TRIP, PEDro and CINAHL was conducted from October, 2011 to June 2017. Two independent researchers selected the studies, and extracted the data. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Meta-analysis was carried out where suitable.

Results: Eight studies involving (n=1,507) were included in the review. Meta-analysis was conducted for only 4 studies (n=784). The meta-analysis showed significant benefit for early surgery than conservative care -8.01(95% CI, -9.27 to -6.72) in the short-term effect -0.49 (95% CI, -0.7 to -0.28). However, the result for long-term effect did not show any significant difference between surgery and conservative care 1.60 (95% CI, -6.85 to 10.05).

Conclusion: This current evidence suggest that early surgery for individuals with lumbar disc herniation with radiculopathy is better than conservative care in the short-term without any long-term difference. The results of this review should be interpreted with caution as the populations of the included studies were largely heterogeneous.
Environmental approach in work with a special child. The setting of contactand engaging at music lessons
Authors: Konstantinova I.S.
Published: October 2018

The fragments of group and individual music lessons which were held in the Moscow Center for Curative Pedagogics with children with emotional and volitional development features are described. To overcome the difficulties of adaptation, establish contact with children and involve them in game interaction, the environmental approach that underlies the work of the center’s specialists is used. The spatio-temporal and emotional characteristics of the therapeutic environment, as well as its semantic content, are considered. Examples are given, practical techniques and instruments of work, developed on the basis of the author’s long standing pedagogical experience, are described.
On the Problem of Employment of People with Disabilities
Authors: Sunko T.Y. , Katkova S.N.
Published: October 2018

The problem of employment of persons with disabilities in Russia is considered. The steps to create special working conditions and measures to promote the positive attitude of people with disabilities to their own labor activities are listed. The data of questioning on the basis of the Moscow Regional public organization of families “Kind heart” of persons with disabilities are given.
The Experience of Developing Activity in Students with ASD in the Context of Class Teaching
Authors: Balobanova E.F.
Published: October 2018

The article presents the experience of inclusive class teacher work with children with an autism spectrum disorders. The boys were studied in a regular Moscow school from the 5th grade. The inclusive class was opened in 2012. The article describes the search for various educational techniques and describes specific practices of developmental activity that allowed form the motivation of schoolchildren with autistic disorders for active involvement of children in all general school activities. Such experience of search for individual instruments will be interesting and useful not only for pedagogues, but also for parents of children with autism spectrum disorders.
Organization of Psychological, Medicaland Social Support for Children and Adolescents with ASD in Algeria: Methodological Basics and Techniques.
Authors: Vlasova O.A.
Published: October 2018

The article describes the experience of Algerian specialists of organization of support to children with autism spectrum disorders to in Algeria. Algerian children began to receive comprehensive support at the state level two decades ago. The second part of the article describes a case and the organization of treatment for a autistic patient with comorbid mental retardation in a day hospital. The role of the family and parental organizations in the process of psychological, medical and social support of children and adolescents with ASD is considered, as well as the prospects for the development of a comprehensive care system in Algeria in the coming years.
Ending. Beginning in no 1 (58), 2018.
«Speechless». Charter 6
Authors: Crossley R.
Published: October 2018

The excerpt from chapter 6 of the book telling about Emma, gives an expressive picture of various problems typical for “classical” autism, including neuromotor ones, which largely determine the behavioral features of children with autism. The results of Emma’s intensive facilitatedcommunication lessons at the DEAL center are described in detail. This story is a vivid example of the possible intellectual potential of people with autism, which can be discovered if we abandon the stereotypical view and prejudice.
Translated from English by E.G. Zavarzina-Memmi, Ph.D.
Quantitative criteria for recognizing the incorrect behavior of computer network users
Authors: Kuravsky L.S. , Yuryev G.A. , Scribtsov P.V. , Chervonenkis M.A. , Konstantinovsky A.A. , Shevchenko A.A. , Isakov S.S.
Published: October 2018

Two approaches for recognizing the incorrect behavior of computer network users are presented. The first one relies on the technique of statistical hypotheses testing and uses self-organizing feature maps (Kohonen networks) for generating target statistics. The second approach recognizes dangerous activity using executed sequences of relevant typical actions, with their dynamics being represented with the aid of Markov chains.
«Говорить с русскими от имени русских». Русская эмиграция в планах американских спецслужб в начале холодной войны
Authors: Ручкин Александр Борисович
Published: October 2018

В статье рассматриваются планы американских спецслужб по использованию русской эмиграции в Европе и США в начальный период холодной войны. Ухудшение двусторонних отношений вновь делает актуальной проблематику, связанную с полувековым военно-политическим противостоянием супердержав. Изучение исторического опыта необходимо сегодня для выявления форм и методов использования национальной диаспоры в интересах иностранных государств, что является критически важным для понимания возможного развития событий и выработки актуальной и вариативной политики в отношении соотечественников за рубежом.

Представления американских спецслужб о социальном составе, общественно-политической структуре, центрах притяжения политических сил эмиграции реконструируются на основе рассекреченных документов Государственного департамента США, Центрального разведывательного управления, материалов заседаний межведомственных групп и комиссий, часть которых впервые вводится в научный оборот.

Процесс создания сотрудниками американских спецслужб в конце 1940 — начале 1950-х годов американских и русских общественных объединений в Америке и Европе, выступавших в роли организаций прикрытия для операций информационно-психологической войны, изучается на примере Американского комитета освобождения народов России и Совета освобождения народов России. Автор выявляет причины, по которым создание единой эмигрантской антикоммунистической организации как инструмента политической войны было признано неперспективным уже в начале 1950-х годов, формулирует общие концептуальные подходы американских спецслужб к использованию русской эмиграции на фронтах холодной войны, в том числе сохранившие свою актуальность до сегодняшнего дня.  
Human impact in the Tatra Mountains
Authors: Rączkowska Z.
Published: October 2018

Human activity is one of the three main drivers of environmental changes in the mountains. Its influence on mountain natural environment is characterized by great spatiotemporal diversity. In the Tatras human impact started in the 12th-13th centuries and was related to mining and animal grazing, followed by metallurgy in the 18th century. These activities developed in the 15th-16th and with the climax in the 18th-19th, except for the animal grazing which continued till the 1960s-1970s. Since the second half of the 19th century tourism developed intensively. More than 3 million people per year visit the Polish part of the Tatras nowadays.Human activities, prior to tourism, were accompanied by a strong forest and dwarf pine shrubs extraction. They affected mainly relief and vegetation cover. Erosion in the slopes was triggered or intensified after deterioration of vegetation cover by grazing. Anthropogenic landforms like pits, mine roads, mine channels are still recognizable in landscape. Lowering of the upper forest and dwarf pine limits and changing of a natural structure of the forest into a monoculture are among the main influences on vegetation. Indirect effects of the changed forest structure are problems with bark beetles and windthrows. The later have been strongly affecting slope morphodynamics. Tourism-related impact manifest in gradual anthropogenic erosion along hiking trails. It is the major type of human impact n the Tatras now. The historical human impact until the 1960s-1970s was indeed spatial in nature. Currently, it is of a linear character or point-focused, and is relatively constant regarding particular locations.
Lipid profile and cardiovascular risk indices of women on various types of contraceptives in the Ho Municipality of Ghana
Authors: Bawah Ahmed Tijani , Boateng Michael Asamoah , Kuffour Francis A. Osei , Seini Mohammed Mustapha , Amoah Paul , Alidu Huseini
Published: October 2018

Background: Hormonal contraceptives (HCs) have been successfully used worldwide to prevent pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation and implantation. These contraceptives have effects on lipid metabolism, body fat and blood pressure which are all risk factors for cardio vascular disease (CVD). Some studies have reported that prolonged use of these hormone-based contraceptives have negative effect on cardiovascular risk indices, however, few of such studies have been done in Ghana, hence this study sought to examine the effect of various forms of contraceptives on cardio vascular risk indices in the Volta Region of Ghana.Methods: Purposive random sampling was employed in selecting women on various forms of contraceptives and aged-matched controls into the study. Fasting blood sample was collected from each participant after overnight fast for 10-16 hours into plain tubes and the sera used to determine lipid profile. Socio-demographic and BMI variables were also analyzed in this case-control study.Results: Statistically significant differences were observed for Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) (p=0.0153), High Density Lipoprotein levels (HDL) (p=0.001), and the atherogenic index (p=0.0101) between the cases and the controls.Conclusions: The use of HC significantly affects the DBP, HDL and atherogenic index and these could pose substantial risk for the development of CVD.
Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic profile of uterine fibroids at the Befelatanana University hospital centre of obstetric gynecology of Antananarivo, Madagascar
Authors: N. A. Rainibarijaona L. , R. Randriamahavonjy , M. Rakotonirina Andriamaro , T. Ratsiatosika Andriamanetsiarivo , Ibrahim Housni , Solange Rasoanandrianina Bienvenue , Andrianampanalalinarivo Hery Rakotovao
Published: October 2018

Background: Leiomyomas or fibromyomas more commonly referred as uterine fibroids are the most common tumors of the female genital tract. They affect 20 to 25% of women in genital activity. The objective of present study is to describe the epidemiological and therapeutic profile of uterine fibroids at the UHCOBG.Methods: Retrospective and descriptive cross-sectional study of patients with uterine fibroids hospitalized in the department of gynecology of the UHCOBG between January 2015 and December 2016.Results: In total, 101 cases of uterine fibroids have been identified with a prevalence of 3.92%. The average age is 42.75±3.6 years old. The most affected age group varies from 35 to 45 years old. Thirty-eight-point six percent of the patients were pauciparous. The medical history of irregular menstrual cycle disorders was present in 17.8% of the cases. The symptomatology was dominated by menometrorrhagia (78.2%) and in 67.3% of the cases, patients had anemia. The majority of patients (64.4%) had poly-myomatous uterus which fibroid location was predominantly corporeal (92.1%), isthmic (21.8%), and three quarters of the mapping was interstitial. Complications were dominated by aseptic necrobiosis (7.9%) and conservative treatment in 68.3% of the cases. Laparotomy is the pillar of a surgical treatment. The duration of hospitalization was short in 77.2% of the cases, 91.1% had a good progress and no death was noticed during 2 years.Conclusions: This is the first operative indication of all gynecological pathologies in present UHC and proves to be a real public health problem. The development of operative laparoscopy is necessary to reduce the morbidity associated with treatment.
Comparison of neonatal outcome parameters between thick and thin meconium stained liquor: a prospective study
Authors: K. Rupa Vani , Pati Banishree , K. S. Veena , V. R. Hemanth Kumar
Published: October 2018

Background: Meconium stained liquor is a commonly observed phenomenon in the day-to-day obstetric practice, the incidence being 12-22%. Meconium stained liquor can be considered as a normal physiological event in a term fetus in the absence of fetal heart rate abnormalities. It has greater significance as one of the parameters of fetal distress, when associated with abnormal fetal heart rate pattern. The aim of the present study was to study the association of, fetal heart rate abnormalities, mode of delivery and neonatal outcome with different grades of meconium stained liquor.Methods: A prospective study was conducted in one hundred and fifty cases of meconium stained liquor beyond 37 weeks gestation admitted to the labor room in a tertiary care Centre. Depending on the consistency of meconium, the patients were divided into two groups namely, Thick meconium stained liquor (group K) and Thin meconium stained liquor (group N). Maternal conditions, Intrapartum fetal heart rate pattern, Apgar scores and neonatal morbidities were studied in relation to the grade of meconium. The proportions between the two groups were compared using chi-square test and Fisher’s exact t-test.Results: The incidence of post term pregnancy (p=0.004), unbooked (p=0.007) status and oligohydramnios (p=0.01) were significantly higher among group K when compared to group N. Non-reassuring fetal heart rate pattern (p=0.002) and Apgar score ≤7 (p=0.02) were significantly higher in group K. In group K, non-reassuring fetal heart rate pattern and reduced beat to beat variability were significantly associated with low Apgar score (p=0.01).Conclusions: Neonatal outcomes like low Apgar score, meconium aspiration syndrome are strongly associated with thick meconium stained liquor. Visual grading of liquor into thick and thin meconium stained may help in timely obstetric intervention leading to a better neonatal outcome.
Obstetrical outcome in post caesarean pregnancy
Authors: Manjappa Anitha Aldur , Subrahmanian Soundara Raghavan
Published: October 2018

Background: Rates of caesarean delivery have increased over past 40 years. The increase has been attributed to liberalization of indications for caesarean sections. Repeat caesarean section is a major contributor to caesarean rates; Vaginal Birth After Caesarean (VBAC) is one of the methods to contain increasing caesarean rates. Success rates of 60-80% have been reported.Methods: This was a descriptive study involving 1000 pregnancies of period of gestation more than 28 weeks with history of one previous caesarean section. The women under study were subjected to either trial vaginal delivery or elective repeat caesarean delivery depending upon the clinical situation. The percentage of successful vaginal deliveries, factors responsible for failure of vaginal delivery and differences in outcome between successful vaginal delivery and caesarean delivery group were analyzed.Results: Out of the 1000 women, 423 underwent elective repeat caesarean delivery, of the remaining 577, 403 (69.8%) had successful vaginal delivery. Age of the woman and onset of labour were the only factors influencing the success of vaginal delivery. Women aged 35 years or more and women who needed labour induction had lower success of vaginal delivery. Maternal and perinatal outcome were worse in failed vaginal delivery group when compared to elective repeat caesarean delivery or successful vaginal delivery groups.Conclusions: Factors which are usually thought to influence the decision about trial vaginal delivery like prior vaginal delivery, indication for previous caesarean section and interpregnancy interval are not absolute in determining the decision or the outcome. Labour induction should be resorted with great caution in women with post caesarean pregnancy.
Comparative study between unengaged and engaged fetal head in primigravida at term or in labour
Authors: Sonawane Pundalik Krishna
Published: October 2018

Background: The aim of the study is to compare and evaluate between unengaged (UE) and engaged (E) groups at term or in labour, incidence of unengaged and engaged heads, need for medical or surgical intervention, progress of labour and feto-maternal outcome.Methods: It is a prospective comparative study carried at tertiary care hospital for a period of 18mths from May16-November17. Out of 377 patients, 100 patients were selected in each group with unengaged (group A) and engaged (group B) heads. Patients consent, and ethical approval was taken. History, examination and investigation was done at each visit. Incidence of unengaged heads at term or in labour, duration of each phase of labour and its partographic analysis, need for medical or surgical intervention, mode of delivery and fetomaternal outcome was calculated.Results: Incidence of unengaged heads at term is 61%. 17% patients in unengaged group as compared to 10% required induction of labour while 73(73%) patients in unengaged group required augmentation with oxytocin as compared to 36(36%) patients in engaged group. Duration of labour in each phase was more in unengaged group. Incidence of lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) was 37% in unengaged group as compared to 23% in engaged group. Fetomaternal morbidity which was higher in unengaged was documented.Conclusions: Although with unengaged head being a significant risk factor for LSCS, with watchful expectancy and careful intervention, most patients will deliver vaginally with minimal fetomaternal morbidity.
Role of serum FSH for predicting success of sperm retrieval for patients undergoing microdissection-TESE: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Kalpana B. , Panda Soumya Ranjan
Published: October 2018

Background: The method of sperm retrieval for azoospermic patients had evolved in the recent times and micro-dissection TESE being the latest method for the same. Patient selection for TESE has always been an area of concern. Although low level of serum FSH is good indicator for successful sperm retrieval for conventional TESE, its role for micro-TESE is debatable. The primary objective of present study is to determine whether serum FSH level can predict success rate of sperm retrieval by micro-dissection TESE (micro-TESE). In addition, authors have compared the outcome of ICSI-TESE cycles between obstructive and nonobstructive azoospermia.Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted at Guru Hospital, Madurai, India between January 2014 and February 2018. Data collected from the previous hospital records.Results: Out of a total 147 azoospermic patients included in present study 68 (46.3%) were obstructive azoospermic whereas 79 (53.7%) were of nonobstructive variety. While assessing TESE- ICSI outcomes among obstructive versus nonobstructive azoospermic groups, authors found that the two groups had similar clinical pregnancy rates per transfer, chemical pregnancy rates per transfer, implantation rates, live birth rates and abortion rates per transfer. Authors also compared serum FSH level between micro TESE positive and micro-TESE negative groups. But there was no significant difference between the two groups. Authors could not find any definite correlation between serum FSH and sperm retrieval rate.Conclusions: For nonobstructive azoospermic men, TESE-ICSI provides a hope to parenting their genetically own child. Of course, before advising TESE-ICSI, nonobstructive azoospermic men should be counseled regarding the low success rate of sperm retrieval. Serum FSH level cannot predict success rate of sperm retrieval for patients undergoing micro-TESE.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of antenatal umbilical cord coiling index (aUCI) in second trimester of gestation and pregnancy outcome
Authors: Mohi Manjit K. , Kaur Manpreet , Kaur Gurdip , Kaur Satinder P.
Published: October 2018

Background: To evaluate the role of antenatal umbilical cord coiling index (aUCI) obtained during routine second trimester ultrasound as a predictor of perinatal outcome.Methods: Fetal ultrasound of 100 pregnant women was done between 18-24 weeks of gestation. Antenatal UCI was calculated as a reciprocal value of the distance between a pair of coils. Patients were followed up till delivery for perinatal outcome. UCI was correlated with: (1) gestational age (2) mode of delivery, (3) presence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid, (4) APGAR scores and (5) birth weight.Results: aUCI was categorized as hypocoiled, normocoiled or hypercoiled. Hypocoiled cord was associated with LBW (1%), preterm delivery (1%) while hypercoiled cord was associated with LBW (4%). No statistical difference was found for birth weight, gestational age, APGAR scores and MSAF between the groups with normal and abnormal aUCI.Conclusions: In present study, no association was found between abnormal aUCI with higher prevalence of interventional delivery, presence of MSAF, preterm and LBW. Therefore, more specific parameters need to be developed as promising prognostic marker for predicting adverse perinatal outcome and further studies are needed to test this hypothesis.
Maternal and neonatal outcome in second stage cesarean section versus first stage: a comparative study
Authors: S. R. Anusha , A. V. Deepak , Jacob K. J.
Published: October 2018

Background: Cesarean Section is the most commonly performed abdominal operation in women all over the world. Variable rates of cesarean section are reported between and within countries. Cesarean section at full cervical dilatation with an impacted fetal head can be technically difficult and is associated with increased trauma to the lower uterine segment and adjacent structures, as well as increased hemorrhage and infection.Methods: This is a comparative cross-sectional study comparing maternal and neonatal outcome between first stage and second stage cesarean section performed at Govt Medical College Thrissur.Results: In present study out of 90 cesarean sections 30 were performed in second stage and 60 in first stage.74 % were primigravida in second stage cs group. Arrest due to malposition was major indication for second stage (76% of cases). The most important complication among second stage cs group was PPH (76.7%) and majority of them needed blood transfusion. These complications were less in first stage cs group. Other Complications like increased duration of surgery (mean=53.3 min), post op fever (36% post op Wound infection (13.3%) was seen in second stage group. Fetal complications like low APGAR scores were seen in 16.7% of cases compared to first stage group and most of them needed resuscitation.Conclusions: Women undergoing cesarean section in second stage of labour had increased maternal and fetal morbidity. They required special care and hence Operation should ideally perform and supervised by an experienced obstetrician. Timely decision for cesarean section should be made especially when risk factors for failure to progress are present.