bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENTAZELEBORIA. A NEW GENUS OF AUSTRALIAN THYNNINI (HYMENOPTERA: TIPHIIDAE)
Authors: Brown G. R.
Published: April 2007

Pentazeleboria gen. n. is erected for Thynnus (Zeleboria) agnatus Turner, which is redescribed together with P. janeta sp. n. A key to males is provided.
THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ETIELLA BEHRII TO BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS
Authors: Cooper D. J.
Published: April 2007

A bioassay was carried out to determine the susceptibility of larvae of Etiella behrii Zeller to Baccillus thuringiensis. Third instar larvae were found to be highly susceptible, with an LC50 value of 3.11 times 102 viable spores/mm2 (6.87 times 102—1.45 times 102:95% confidence limits). The results indicate that with appropriate timing of applications, B. thuringiensis could be used to control E. behrii on seed lucerne crops.
THE INFLUENCE OF TRAP DENSITY, TRAP HEIGHT, OUTSIDE TRAPS AND TRAP DESIGN ON CYDIA POMONELLA (L.) CAPTURES WITH SEX PHEROMONE TRAPS IN NEW SOUTH WALES APPLE ORCHARDS
Authors: Thwaite W. G. , Madsen H. F.
Published: April 2007

In order to standardize the use of sex pheromone traps for Cydia pomonella population monitoring in apple orchards, the influence of trap design, trap density, trap height and the use of outside traps were evaluated.

The commercial Zoecon 1CP trap was more efficient than a triangular shaped metal trap. Traps at a density of 1 per ha were adequate to estimate C. pomonella populations. Traps in the upper third of apple trees caught more moths than traps at head height when the 2 were in direct competition. When the high traps were removed, however, the low traps caught nearly as many moths as both high and low traps combined. Outside traps greatly reduced the movement of moths into monitored sites and also indicated the source of migrating moths.
THE IMMATURE STAGES AND LIFE HISTORY OF THE JARRAH LEAFMINER, PERTHIDA GLYPHOPA COMMON (LEPIDOPTERA: INCURVARIIdAE)
Authors: Mazanec Z.
Published: April 2007

The morphology of egg, 4 larval instars, chaetotaxy of mature larva and pupa of the univoltine jarrah leafminer moth Perthida glyphopa, are figured and behaviour described. Barrel shaped eggs become flattened when deposited under the epidermis of a leaf of jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Smith). Apodous larva with long setae on the anterior of partly retracted head and sides of body segments, excavates a mine, avoiding thick veins and oil glands. On maturing it constructs a cell, enters the soil, aestivates and pupates. Wriggling of pupa's abdomen equipped with spines and setae forces it to the soil surface, where ecdysis occurs.
A NEW SPECIES OF PERILAMPUS LATREILLE (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE) FROM AUSTRALIA WITH NOTES ON ITS BIOLOGY
Authors: Galloway I. D. , Franzmann B. A.
Published: April 2007

Perilampus franzmanni Galloway sp. n., a parasite of Orgilus lepidus Muesebeck, an introduced braconid parasite of potato moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), is described and figured. Planidia of P. franzmanni fail to develop further when they attack unparasitised Ph. operculella larvae or those parasitised by the introduced encyrtid Copidosoma desantisi Annecke and Mynhardt.
EFFECT OF SEVERAL ADDITIVES TO CATTLE DUNG ON YIELD AND SIZE OF PUPAE OF THE BUSH FLY MUSCA VETUSTISSIMA WALKER (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) IN CULTURES
Authors: Campbell M. M.
Published: April 2007

The addition of 100 mL of blood and bone, a fertilizer derived from dried and crushed offal from slaughter houses, to 2L of cow dung significantly increased the yield of pupae of Musca vetustissima from laboratory cultures. The addition of up to 200 mL of blood and bone significantly increased the length of the pupae produced. The yields and lengths were significantly greater after addition of blood and bone than after addition of the same amounts of sawdust suggesting a nutritional effect from the blood and bone.
DISPERSION OF ARTHROPODS, FLOWER BUDS AND FRUIT IN COTTON FIELDS: EFFECTS OF POPULATION DENSITY AND SEASON ON THE FIT OF PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
Authors: Wilson L. T. , Room P. M. , Bourne A. S.
Published: April 2007

Three years data on insects and plant parts gathered using 3 sample methods (visual whole plant field observations, removal of plants in bags, sweepnet) were examined to determine the influence of several factors on the ‘fit’ of 8 discrete probability distributions. To enable ‘fits’ to be tested, critical values of the Kolmogorov‐Smirnov statistic for use with discrete distributions were obtained by Monte Carlo simulation.

For data from all 3 sample methods most distributions gave worse fits as population density increased. Better fits were obtained early in the growing season but the effect was small. The Negative Binomial appeared to be the most robust model on which to base simultaneous sampling of plant parts and several species of arthropods because it was least sensitive to effects of population density. In data collected by sweep sampling, clumping was less evident, and the Poisson and Poisson with Zeros gave the best fits at low densities when the data were uniformly distributed (variance less than mean) and the Negative Binomial at high densities when the distributions were clumped.
BIOLOGY OF AUSTROASCA VIRIDIGRISEA (PAOLI) (HEMIPTERA: CICADELLIDAE)
Authors: Page F. D.
Published: April 2007

The mean duration of the egg stage of Austroasca viridigrisea on lucerne, at constant temperatures ranged from 19.1 ± 0.1 d at 20.0°C to 6.4 ± 0.1 d at 32°C and that of nymphs from 28.4 ± 0.5 d at 18°C to 8.8 d at 28.9°C. The threshold temperature for egg development was 12.9°C (10.8 to 15.0°C) and that of nymphs 13.3°C (10.6 to 15.9°C); 114 and 144 day‐degrees were required for egg and nymphal development respectively. Time of development for eggs calculated from these data agreed well with observed times under ambient conditions. Survival from egg to adult was generally high (0.80) at intermediate temperatures but was reduced at high (34.4°C) and low (20°C) temperature. The mean total fecundity of mated females over an 8 w observation interval was 54.7 ± 7.0 eggs on lucerne and 116.7 ± 13.5 on potato. On lucerne most eggs were laid in petioles with few in leaves and stems. On potatoes all above ground tissues appeared suitable.

Data on the development of immatures at 27°C constant and adults at 20.7 to 29.8°C ambient on lucerne gave a finite rate of increase (λ) of 1.89 per week and a net reproduction rate (R0) of 29.15.
CRYPTOTERMES IN MANGROVES IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY (ISOPTERA: KALOTERMITIDAE)
Authors: Miller L. R. , Paton R.
Published: April 2007

Three species of Kalotermitidae, Neotermes insularis (Walker), Cryptotermes domesticus (Haviland) and C. secundus (Hill), were found attacking mangroves in the Darwin region. C. domesticus has been found only in mangroves in the Northern Territory but in north Queensland it can be a destructive pest of timber in service. It is speculated that there may be 2 strains of C. domesticus in Australia; a possibly indigenous form in the mangroves near Darwin and an introduced strain infesting buildings in north Queensland.
ABUNDANCE AND MORTALITY OF OVERWINTERING HELIOTHIS SPP.
Authors: Wilson A. G. L.
Published: April 2007

Field surveys, field cage studies, and records of light trap catches wewe used to follow the abundance and mortailty of Heliothis punctiger (Wallengren) and H. armiger (Hübner), through the autumn, winter and spring, over a 9 year period.

Both the timing of spring emergence and magnitude of moth flights of H. armiger were consistent with priotr observations of autumn and winter populations in the Namoi Valley. Subsequent abundance was greater in 2 seasons when wheat anthesis and spring emergence coincided, but overwintering populations declined considerably during the study period.

Although H. punctiger was not usually abundant in the area during autumn and winter, earlier and larger moth flights of that species than of H. armiger occurred in spring, leading to heavier infestation of crops and pastures. Apparent anomalies in the early spring abundance of H. punctiger may be explained by migration from other areas, or early emergence of the non‐diapausing fraction of the population.

Substantial parasitism of overwintering H. armiger by Ichneumonidae and Tachinidae was recorded, while mechanical destruction of pupae during cultivation of crop residues also caused heavy mortality.
CALCULATIONS OF TEMPERATURE‐DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT BY HELIOTHIS SPP. (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IN THE NAMOI VALLEY, NEW SOUTH WALES
Authors: Room* P. M.
Published: April 2007

Previously published information on effects of constant temperatures on development by Heliothis spp. was used with long‐term temperature records for the Namoi Valley to calculate the durations of different developmental stages starting on each day of the year. Calculations of the number of generations per year and the period in which pupal diapause is necessary were consistent with light‐trap data and other observations published elsewhere. A figure showing times taken from oviposition to egg hatch and to one third‐grown larva in different months indicates numbers of days available after oviposition in which insecticides must be applied for maximum effect.
MOTORISED MECHANICAL SOIL SIEVE
Authors: Houston W. W. K.
Published: April 2007

A motorised, mechanical sieve designed to extract laboratory reared dung beetle adults and broods from soil is described. The sieve, overall dimensions 1600 times 590 times 870 mm, has a readily interchangeable mesh. Throughput was about 8–10 times quicker with the mechanical sieve than with a hand‐held sieve.
SOURCES OF IMPORTATION, ESTABLISHMENT AND SPREAD IN AUSTRALIA, OF MICROCTONUS AETHIOPOIDES LOAN (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE), A PARASITOID OF SITONA DISCOIDEUS GYLLENHAL (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)
Authors: Aeschlimann Jean‐Paul
Published: April 2007

From 1975 to 1979, biotypes of the braconid wasp Microctonus aethiopoides were forwarded from the Mediterranean region to be reared and released in south‐eastern Australia for control of the weevil Sitona discoideus. The origins of the various biotypes of the parasitoid are indicated. M. aethiopoides was recovered from most of the liberation sites. At sites where early releases were made, parasitisation rates of up to 62% per parasitoid generation, and initial dispersal of about 10 km per annum were recorded. The conditions influencing establishment and spread of the parasitoid are discussed.
THE EFFECT OF SUBSTRATE pH ON OVIPOSITION BY LUCILIA CUPRINA (WIEDEMANN), THE AUSTRALIAN SHEEP BLOWFLY
Authors: Emmens R. L. , Murray M. D.
Published: April 2007

When female Lucilia cuprina were exposed to cotton wool pads treated with acidic or alkaline buffers, the flies laid significantly more eggs on the alkaline substrates. The results of a series of tests with buffers of varying alkalinity, ranging from pH 7 to 12, indicate that an optimum pH for oviposition is around 10.5.
ESTIMATING POPULATION DENSITY OF A CYRTOBAGOUS SP. (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) ON THE FLOATING WEED SALVINIA USING BERLESE FUNNELS
Authors: Boland N. P. , Room P. M.
Published: April 2007

Salvinia containing 4 known population densities of adult Cyrtobagous sp. was dried in Berlese funnels. Weevils extracted were counted at 8 one‐hour intervals and at 24 h when the plant material was dry. Averaged over all population densities 47% of the weevils had been recovered after 4 h, 84% after 8 h and 95% after 24 h. Extraction was slightly more efficient at higher population densities.
A NEW GENUS AND THREE NEW SPECIES OF SPONDYLIASPIDAE (HOMOPTERA: PSYLLOIDEA) ON EUCALYPTUS
Authors: Taylor K. L.
Published: April 2007

Kenmooreana gen. n. contains K. eudesmiae sp. n. (type‐species) and K. trilateralis sp. n. from Western Australia, and K. nigrifax sp. n. from Queensland and New South Wales. All 3 species construct fragile white lerps on Eucalyptus spp. K. trilateralis and K. nigrifax were each collected from species of Eucalyptus belonging to different subgenera.
TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES FROM MCDONALD ISLAND AND HEARD ISLAND, SUB‐ANTARCTIC
Authors: Horne P. A.
Published: April 2007

The first records of terrestrial invertebrates from McDonald Island (Sub‐Antarctic) are presented. These are compared with the terrestrial invertebrates recorded for Heard Island.
THE EFFECT OF BREED AND COAT COLOUR ON NUMBERS OF THE BUFFALO FLY HAEMATOBIA IRRITANS EXIGUA DE MEIJERE, (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) ON BOVINE HOSTS
Authors: Doube B. M.
Published: April 2007

The numbers of buffalo flies on individual animals in a herd containing 4 water buffalo, 4 Brahman, 4 Belmont Red (50% Zebu blood) and 3 Hereford Shorthorn steers were counted on 11 occasions during the 1976/7 wet summer season at Rockhampton, (23°S, 150°W). There were consistent differences in the numbers of buffalo flies found on individual animals within a herd. On average there were about 5 times as many flies on the most heavily infested individual as on the least heavily infested. These differences persisted throughout the summer months and at times of high and low fly burdens. The differences were not related to the proportion of Brahman blood of the individual. The numbers of buffalo flies on cattle and water buffalo were similar. In another experiment, during the 1979/80 wet season, the numbers of buffalo flies were counted on 10 occasions on individual animals within separate herds of Brahman, crossbred and 7/8 British cattle maintained in adjacent paddocks. Coat colour did not influence the numbers of buffalo flies on individuals within each herd. The Brahman herd carried about half as many flies as the crossbred herd and about one third as many flies as the British breed herd.
THE IDENTITY OF KALOTERMES IMPROBUS HAGEN (ISOPTERA: KALOTERMITIDAE)
Authors: Watson J. A. L. , Gay F. J. , Barrett R. A.
Published: April 2007

Kalotermes improbus belongs in the genus Bifiditermes Krishna; it is a senior synonym of B. condonensis (Hill). B. improbus occasionally attacks timber in service.
COLONIAL OVIPOSITION AND MATERNAL CARE IN TWO STRAINS OF LEPTOBYRSA DECORA DRAKE (HEMIPTERA: TINGIDAE)
Authors: Melksham J. A.
Published: April 2007

Two strains of the tingid, Leptobyrsa decora Drake, Peruvian and Colombian, are known. The life cycle and general behaviour of the Peruvian strain have already been described. The oviposition behaviour of the 2 strains appears to differ only in the number of eggs per batch laid by each female. Examination of the aggregation state, oviposition behaviour and brood care of these strains show that this is the result of different degrees of colonial oviposition and rates of dispersal of adults from the egg batches.
THE OCCURRENCE OF CEPHALOPINA TITILLATOR (CLARK) (DIPTERA: OESTRIDAE) IN CAMELS IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Spratt D. M.
Published: April 2007

The larval oestrid Cephalopina titillator (Clark) is recorded for the first time in the scientific literature as a parasite of camels in Australia.
BLOOD‐SUCKING DIPTERA OF THE COCOS (KEELING) ISLANDS
Authors: Murray M. D. , Marks E. N.
Published: April 2007

Three species of mosquitoes, Aedes albopictus (Skuse), Culex sitiens Wiedemann and Culex quinquefasciatus Say, were collected on the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Indian Ocean, in September 1980. Previous records of mosquitoes from these islands, their habits, breeding places, medical importance and possible control measures are discussed.
A SIMPLE TECHNIQUE FOR THE TEMPORARY PRESERVATION OF SOFT‐BODIED INSECTS
Authors: Milne Wendy M.
Published: April 2007

The problem of transmitting aphid samples through the mail in a non‐flammable medium was solved by preserving them in gelatine and Nipagin M.
METHOD FOR INCREASED PRODUCTION OF EGGS OF COPRIS ISP ANUS L. AND COPRIS LUNARIS L. (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE)
Authors: Kirk S. A. , Feehan J. E.
Published: April 2007

A method of increased production of eggs of the brood‐caring dung beetles Copris hispanus and C. ***inaris is described, which enabled 3 to 4 times as many eggs to be obtained as are normally laid each season *** the field.
OVERWINTERING OF PREPUPAE OF LUCILIA CUPRINA (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) IN THE CANBERRA REGION
Authors: Dallwitz R. , Wardhaugh K. G.
Published: April 2007

Prepupae of the Australian sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) which entered the ground during the summer and early autumn pupated within a few days. However, through late March and early April there was a transition to almost nil pupation. Spring emergence was synchronous amongst individuals which had entered the ground from late March through to October. This suggests that prepupae which did not pupate during autumn were not accruing any developmental increments at that time, and that they were in a state of developmental arrest. Development was also frequently arrested in prepupae placed at 16°C after leaving the food source. Such arrest was markedly more frequent amongst prepupae produced between the autumn and spring equinoxes than in the rest of the year. Since prepupae were deprived of obvious seasonal cues at 16°C, it appears that the overwintering state is at least partly determined in some earlier life stage. However, prepupae placed at 25°C after leaving the food source had uninterrupted development in all seasons. The difference between the responses to 16 and 25°C suggests that temperatures experienced by prepupae themselves are also important in determining the overwintering state.
ANTIFEEDANT PHYTOCHEMICAL BLOCKS OVIPOSITION BY SHEEP BLOWFLY
Authors: Rice M. J. , Sexton S. , Esmail A. M.
Published: April 2007

Extracts of neem kernels powerfully deter oviposition by the sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann). An azadirachtin‐enriched, solvent extract has 100 to 1000 x more antiovipositant activity than crude, expressed neem oil.
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: Lee D. C.
Published: April 2007

Primitive Oribatids of the Palaearctic Region: J. Balogh and S. Mahunka.
A POSSIBLE STRIDULATORY ORGAN IN SOME PSYLLOIDEA (HOMOPTERA)
Authors: Taylor K. L.
Published: April 2007

Rows of teeth on the axillary cords of the mesoscutellum and metascutellum, with corresponding rows of teeth under the second anal veins of both wings of Schedotrioza spp. are illustrated. The possible use of these structures in stridulation is discussed.
A REINSTATEMENT AND REVISION OF THE GENUS THAUMATOSOMA SMITH (APOIDEA: MEGACHILIDAE)
Authors: King J. , Exley E. M.
Published: April 2007

The bee genus Thaumatosoma, sometimes treated as a subgenus of Chalicodoma Lepeletier, is reinstated and redefined. It includes 2 Australian species, T. duboulaii Smith and T. remeata (Cockerell) comb. n. The male of T. remeata is described for the first time. Floral associations and a distribution map are included.
THE EFFECT OF HOST PLANT ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND SURVIVAL OF THE IMMATURE STAGES OF EUPLOEA CORE CORINNA (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE)
Authors: Rahman Habib Ur , Zalucki Myron P. , Scheermeyer Elly
Published: April 2007

The effects of 11 native and exotic host plants of Euploea core corinna (Macleay) on early instar survival and immature development were tested. Survival of first instars ranged from 94% (Nerium oleander) to ca 13% (Asclepias spp.). Host plant associations (N. oleander, Ficus benjamina, Parsonia straminea and A. fruticosa) also significantly affected immature development times, pupal weights, adult size and mortality in all instars.
A TECHNIQUE USED ON MOUNDS OF COPTOTERMES LACTEUS TO SCREEN POTENTIAL BAIT SUBSTRATES
Authors: French J. R. J. , Robinson P. J.
Published: April 2007

A simple method designed to rapidly screen potential bait substrates on mounds of Coptotermes lacteus (Froggatt) is described. The apparatus is cheap, readily prepared in the laboratory, and easily installed in the field.
A NEW SPECIES OF CHORISTHEMIS TILLYARD (ODONATA: SYNTHEMISTIDAE)
Authors: Moulds M. S.
Published: April 2007

Choristhemis barbarae sp. n. is described from Mt Lewis, north Queensland, Eusynthemis paradoxa Förster is placed as a junior synonym of Choristhemis flavoterminata (Martin), and a key to the species of Choristhemis is given.
LEPIDIOTA NOXIA SP. N. (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: MELOLONTHINAE), A PEST OF SUGARCANE IN QUEENSLAND
Authors: Britton E. B.
Published: April 2007

Lepidiota noxia, a major pest of sugarcane in the Bundaberg district of Queensland, is described from adults and larvae.
SEASONALLY AND ENVIRONMENTALLY INDUCED POLYPHENISM IN EUREMA LAETA LINEATA (LEPIDOPTERA: PIERIDAE)
Authors: Jones R. E. , Rienks J. , Wilson L.
Published: April 2007

Eurema sana (Butler) appears to be a seasonal morph of E. laeta lineata (Miskin): offspring with the “sana” phenotype were produced from “laeta” mothers by rearing the offspring at high temperatures and long photoperiods. The “laeta” morphs produced by rearing at lower temperatures and or a shorter photoperiod did not show the full range of underwing colour seen in field‐caught “laeia”.

Field collections over 15 months in Townsville showed that the “sana” morph predominated from midsummer to mid‐autumn, the switch to “laeta” occurring in April‐May.
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: Allsopp P. G.
Published: April 2007

A Guide to the Genera of Beetles of South Australia. Part 3. Polyphaga: Eucinetoidea, Dascilloidea and Scarabaeoidea. E. G. Matthews. Special Educational Bulletin Series No. 6. South Australian Museum: Adelaide. 1984. 60 pp. $7.50.
A REVISION OF CHALICODOMA (CHALICODOMOIDES) MICHENER (HYMENOPTERA: MEGACHILIDAE)
Authors: King J. , Exley E. M.
Published: April 2007

The subgenus Chalicodomoides of the resin bee genus Chalicodoma Lepeletier is revised. Two species are recognised: C. aethiops (Smith) and C. doddianum (Cockerell) =C. oppidale (Cockerell) syn. n. A key, line drawings and photographs enable separation of the species.
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: Donaldson J. F.
Published: April 2007

Australian Mealybugs: D. J. Williams, British Museum (Natural History) publication, 1985. Pp. 431, 177 figures. £40.00.
A LIGHTWEIGHT, SELF‐CONTAINED INSECT SUCTION SAMPLER
Authors: Holtkamp R. H. , Thompson J. I.
Published: April 2007

A portable, self‐contained insect suction sampler is described. The unit is simple to construct and is considerably lighter and cheaper than previously described vacuum devices for sampling agricultural pests.
THE INFLUENCE OF SEX RATIO ON FEMALE DISPERSAL IN DANAUS PLEXIPPUS (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: DANAIDAE)
Authors: Suzuki Y. , Zalucki M. P.
Published: April 2007

b

A capture‐recapture experiment on wanderer butterflies was conducted during summer, 1984 at 4 milkweed patches where nectar resources were abundant. The recapture rate was higher in males than in females in all the patches, indicating dispersal by females. Dispersal of females was facilitated by removing males in the study areas. Spermatophore counts showed that females mated up to 10 times. These results suggest that nutrients transferred from males during copulation are important resources for females.
TEINOGENYS MOONIENSIS SP. N. AND NEW LOCALITY RECORDS FOR OTHER SPECIES OF TEINOGENYS SHARP (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: DYNASTINAE)
Authors: Allsopp P. G. , Carne P. B.
Published: April 2007

Abstract

Teinogenys mooniensis is described from a series of 3 males collected at light at Moonie, south Queensland. The species‐groups of Teinogenys are formalised, a key is given for the males of the laevis species‐group and new locality records are given for T. laevis (Arrow), T. inermicollis (Lea), T. nitidus Sharp, T. inermis Blackburn, T. deceptus Carne, T. calvus (Blackburn), T. richardsae (Blackburn), T. aurilegulus (Blackburn) and T. dives (Blackburn).
AN UPDATED HOST CATALOGUE FOR THE AUSTRALIAN TACHINIDAE (DIPTERA)
Authors: Cantrell B. K.
Published: April 2007

Abstract

New host data are presented for Australian species of Tachinidae.
CTENARYTAINA LONGICAUDA SP. N. (HOMOPTERA: PSYLLOIDEA) FROM LOPHOSTEMON CONFERTUS (R. BROWN) IN AUSTRALIA AND CALIFORNIA
Authors: Taylor K. L.
Published: April 2007

Ctenarytaina longicauda sp. n. has been collected in Queensland from Lophostemon confertus (R. Br.) and L. suaveolens (Soland. ex Gaertn.), and in 3 counties of California from ornamental trees of the former (previously Tristania conferta). Adult and nymphal characters of the genus are defined.
TRIMORPHIC SOLDIERS IN SCHEDORHINOTERMES SECLUSUS (HILL) (ISOPTERA: RHINOTERMITIDAE) AND NOTES ON BIOLOGY
Authors: Miller L. R.
Published: April 2007

A third soldier form is recorded for Schedorhinotermes seclusus (Hill). The soldier, intermediate between the minor and major forms presently recognised, is associated closely with the reproductive centre of the colony. Nine nests are discussed and observations on these suggest that S. seclusus may construct secondary nests.
SKIN LESIONS CAUSED BY PAEDERUS AUSTRALIS GUÉRIN‐MÉNEVILLE (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE)
Authors: Whelan P. I. , Weir T. A.
Published: April 2007

An investigation of the circumstances surrounding an outbreak of painful skin lesions at Peppimenarti in the Northern Territory of Australia during 1985, and induction of lesions by application of Paederus australis Guérin‐Méneville to the skin indicates that contact with this beetle causes the lesions.
SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN PANESTHIA CRIBRATA SAUSSURE (BLATTODEA: BLABERIDAE)
Authors: O'Neill S. L. , Rose H. A. , Rugg D.
Published: April 2007

Field distribution and laboratory investigations of the social behaviour of an Australian wood cockroach, Panesthia cribrata, are reported. These cockroaches are found in aggregations, most commonly containing a number of adult females, a single male and nymphs of various sizes. Agonistic behaviour is mainly restricted to adult males. This fighting does not lead to the development of hierarchies or defined territories, but results in the dispersal of adult males. Courtship is simple, the female being relatively passive and the male repeating a number of characteristic behavioural acts. P. cribrata evince many of the behaviours observed in other Blaberidae, but adaptation to its restrictive habitat may have resulted in the loss of some of the more intricate behavioural patterns and interactions present in these species. Similarities in the behaviour of P. cribrata and the primitive Cryptocercus punctulatus are probably due to both species inhabiting the same kind of environment and thus are examples of convergent evolution.
NATIVE PARASITOIDS AND PATHOGENS ATTACKING SAMEA MULTIPLICALIS GUENÉE (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) IN QUEENSLAND
Authors: Semple J. L. , Forno I. W.
Published: April 2007

Five parasitoids and 3 pathogens were found in Queensland attacking the introduced moth, Samea multiplicalis Guenée which was introduced into Australia as a biological control agent for the water weed, Salvinia molesta Mitchell. Twenty‐two per cent of larvae collected were parasitised and 90% of larval mortality was due to a braconid wasp, Protomicroplitis sp. A microsporidian, Nosema sp. ‘B', and 2 other unidentified pathogens were also present in ca 2% of the sample of S. multiplicalis.
AUSTRALIAN UROPODINA (ACARI: ANACTINOTRICHIDA). 1. AUSTRALOCILLIBA GEN. N. (CILLIBIDAE) 1
Authors: Athias‐Binche F. , Bloszyk Jerzy
Published: April 2007

Abstract

The new Australian genus Australocilliba is closely related to the European Cilliba von Heyden, the main distinguishing morphological features of the former being the presence of a claw on tarsus I, the extended anterior margin of the female epigynium and the elongate cheliceral digits. Two new species, A. kuchtaorum and A. hallidayi, are described.
NEW SPECIES OF TRINEMURA SILVESTRI (THYSANURA:NICOLETIIDAE) FROM AUSTRALIA
Authors: Smith G. B.
Published: April 2007

Abstract

Two new species of Australian Nicoletiinae are described; Trinemura anemone sp. n. from caves in New South Wales and T. norfolkensis sp. n. from leaf litter on Norfolk Island. Nicoletia russendenensis Smith and Shipp is transferred to Trinemura Silvestri.
THE DIGESTIVE AND MALE INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS OF SOME AUSTRALIAN ANTHOCORIDAE (HEMIPTERA)
Authors: Postle A. C. , Woodward T. E.
Published: April 2007

Abstract

The digestive and male internal reproductive systems of 11 species of Australian Anthocoridae are described and figured. The alimentary canals and salivary glands show some specific differences; the reproductive systems are distinct at the tribal level. Results are discussed in relation to Carayon's system of classification.
SURVIVAL AND REPRODUCTION OF MUSCA VETUSTISSIMA WALKER (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) AND A SCARABAEINE DUNG BEETLE IN DUNG OF CATTLE TREATED WITH AVERMECTIN B1
Authors: Ridsdill‐Smith T. J.
Published: April 2007

Dung was collected 1, 2, 4, 8 and 11 weeks after cattle were treated in the prescribed manner for nematode control in the spring with either an injection of 200 μg kg‐1 of avermectin B1 or a drench of levamisole hydrochloride. The avermectin B1 treatment affected survival of the bushfly, Musca vetustissima Walker, and breeding of the introduced dung beetle, Onthophagus binodis Thunberg. No bush flies survived from egg to adult in dung collected from animals treated with avermectin B1 2 weeks earlier, but survival rates returned to normal 8 weeks after treatment. Adult survival of O. binodis was not affected in dung of cattle treated with avermectin B1 but oviposition was reduced and immature survival was zero in dung from animals treated one week previously, returning to normal 8 weeks after treatment. Dung from cattle treated with avermectin B1 in summer and autumn would influence beetles little because most are not breeding then, but in spring when beetles are breeding the risk of harmful effects could be reduced by using an alternative treatment such as levamisole hydrochloride.
SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF POTENTIAL MALARIA VECTORS IN THE TORRES STRAIT, 1985–861
Authors: Booth D.
Published: April 2007

To determine the potential malaria vectors and their seasonal abundance in the Torres Strait, EVS carbon dioxide baited light traps were placed on the major populated islands and operated weekly. Anopheles farauti Laveran s.l. was abundant on Boigu Island from April to late June and on Saibai Island from January to August. An hilli Woodhill and Lee was abundant on Boigu and Horn Islands from April to late June. An. farauti s.l. was also trapped on Horn, Yam and Yorke Islands, and An hilli on Saibai, Thursday and Yam Islands. An. amictus Edwards, An annulipes Walker s.l., An bancroftii Giles, An meraukensis Venhuis and An novaguinensis Venhuis were also recorded on various islands. The contrasting ecological characteristics of the islands were reflected in collections and it is suggested mosquito control strategies be tailored accordingly.
THE PIT‐LIGHT, A NEW TRAP FOR SOIL‐DWELLING INSECTS
Authors: Heap M. A.
Published: April 2007

A new trap, the “pit‐light”, which combines features of a light trap and a pitfall trap is described. The pit‐light captures a wide range of insect species that move over the soil surface and selects against the mass of sundry flying insects captured by conventional light traps. The number of specimens and the range of soil‐dwelling species captured by the pit‐light is greater than for unbaited pitfall traps.
THE SPECIES COMPOSITION OF HELICOVERPA HARDWICK (HELIOTHIS OCHSENHEIMER) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) INFESTATIONS ON TOBACCO IN FAR NORTH QUEENSLAND
Authors: Titmarsh I. J. , Storey R. I. , Strickland G. R.
Published: April 2007

The species composition of Helicoverpa Hardwick (Heliothis Ochsenheimer) infesting tobacco crops in far north Queensland was investigated over 5 seasons ending 1980‐81. H. armigera (Hübner) and H. punctigera Wallengren were taken regularly. H. assulta Guenée was often present, but in very low numbers. Two specimens of Heliothis rubrescens (Walker) confirmed an earlier single record from tobacco in Queensland. In each season H. armigera predominated in larval collections from July until mid‐September. H. punctigera then became dominant during late September‐October in 4 seasons, and during January in the other. Species composition on cowpea, lucerne, pumpkin and sunflower followed the tobacco pattern during the last season.
A NEW GENUS OF BOGANIIDAE (COLEOPTERA) FROM AUSTRALIA, WITH OBSERVATIONS ON GLANDULAR OPENINGS, CYCAD ASSOCIATIONS AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION IN THE FAMILY1
Authors: Crowson R. A.
Published: April 2007

The genus Athertonium is defined for a new species, A. parvum from eastern Australia, and a revised key to known genera of Boganiidae is provided. The occurrence of glandular openings in adult Boganiidae is reviewed, and some analogies with the languriid genera Pharaxonotha Reitter and Leucohimatium Rosenhauer are noted. The habits, relationships to Cycadaceae, and geographical distribution in the family are reviewed in relation to new evidence. Possible relationships to Nitidulidae and Chrysomeloidea are considered.
OVIPOSITION SITES OF BOOPHILUS MICROPLUS (CANESTRINI) (ACARINA: IXODIDAE) IN STYLOSANTHES AND GRASS PASTURES
Authors: Wilson L. J. , Sutherst R. W.
Published: April 2007

Choice of oviposition sites by the cattle tick Boophilus microplus was studied in pastures with various ratios of buffelgrass tussocks and the tropical legume Stylosanthes scabra cvs Fitzroy and Seca. The legumes trap host‐seeking larvae of the tick. More ticks oviposited adjacent to grass plants than Stylosanthes plants. The larger diameter of grass tussocks compared to the main stems of the legumes greatly reduced the probability of the ticks settling next to a legume. Similarly, wandering larvae were more likely to encounter and ascend a grass tussock than a legume plant. The results indicate that high legume to grass ratios are needed to ensure a useful level of tick control by tick‐trapping pasture legumes.
LABORATORY STUDIES ON RESISTANCE TO CYPERMETHRIN IN DAMALINIA OVIS (SCHRANK) (PHTHIRAPTERA: TRICHODECTIDAE)
Authors: Levot G. W. , Hughes P. B.
Published: April 2007

A treated surface technique to measure the response of the sheep body louse, Damalinia ovis to contact insecticides is described. The responses of 30 populations of D. ovis to the synthetic pyrethroid cypermethrin showed wide variation at LC95 and LC95. Half the populations sampled were considered as pyrethroid susceptible, based on 100% mortality at 5 ppm (or less) to cypermethrin. This suggests that factors other than pyrethroid resistance were responsible for inefficient lice control on the properties from which these populations were obtained. Lice surviving 5 ppm or greater were considered provisionally as resistant. When these individuals predominate, the proportion of the lice population killed by pour‐on treatments is insufficient to prevent detectable infestations being present soon after treatment.
ANOPHELES ANNULIPES WALKER (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) AT GRIFFITH, NEW SOUTH WALES. 2. BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR OF TWO SIBLING SPECIES
Authors: Foley D. H. , Bryan J. H.
Published: April 2007

Two 2 sibling species, previously concealed within Anopheles annulipes, are sympatric at Griffith. The species are provisionally designated as species A and species G. Larvae of both species were found together at some sites. However, relatively few larval habitats of species G were found suggesting that major habitats were undetected. Typical sites for species A were the margins of slow moving drainage canals with filamentous algae. Adults of species A were more abundant closer to Griffith township. Adults of species G were predominant away from Griffith in flooded rice and pasture areas. Species A females developed faster than species G females. In both species, nocturnal activity patterns were similar with most biting occurring in the first few hours after dusk with minor activity peaks around midnight and dawn. Paired EVS trap and human‐bait collections indicated that species A was the more anthropophilic.
A STUDY OF TWO SIBLING SPECIES OF ANOPHELES FARAUTI LAVERAN SENSU LATO (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) AT DARWIN, NORTHERN TERRITORY
Authors: FOLEY D. H. , WHELAN P. , BRYAN J. H.
Published: April 2007

Anopheles farauti No. 1 and No. 3 from Darwin were identified by electrophoresis and aspects of their biology and behaviour compared. Greatest numbers of both sibling species were caught in the first few hours after dusk. In paired indoor and outdoor human landing collections, 10.5% of An. farauti No. 1 were caught indoors. CO2‐baited EVS traps caught 2.8 times more An. farauti s.l. than simultaneous human landing catches. An. farauti No. 3 was more attracted to traps than An. farauti No. 1. A host choice study revealed both sibling species preferred calf and pig to dog, human and fowls. There was no evidence of a difference in anthropophily between An. farauti No. 1 and No. 3. An. farauti No. 1 represented a greater proportion of trap catches near brackish water and An. farauti No. 3 in fresh water areas. The only larvae found were An. farauti No. 1 in brackish water near the coast. Adult density was greatest during the transition between wet and dry seasons (April‐May). Numbers of An. farauti No. 3 thereafter declined more rapidly than those of An. farauti No. 1.
EFFECTS OF SOIL TYPE AND MOISTURE ON DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTION OF NALA LIVIDIPES (DUFOUR) (DERMAPTERA: LABIDURIDAE)
Authors: SIMPSON G. B.
Published: April 2007

Nala lividipes were reared from egg to adult using a loamy sand (sand) and a black cracking clay (clay) at moisture levels of 0, 5, 10 and 20% and 0, 15, 30,40 and 50%, respectively, at 29°C and a 12h: 12h photoperiod. Germinating grain sorghum was used as food. The longevity and fecundity of surviving adults were assessed using the same treatments as they experienced as immatures. Moisture had no influence on the duration of the egg stage. Nymphs took 2 weeks longer to complete development in sand at 5% than in other sand or clay treatments. Life‐table data indicate that population increases are possible when soil moisture is greater than 5% for sand, and at 30% or higher for clay. The most rapid population increases were in clay at 40% and 50% moisture. Equations were developed to predict soil moisture‐dependent survival of nymphs, fecundity of adults and total longevity.
ANOPHELES FARAUTI LAVERAN SENSU LATO AND AN. HILLI WOODHILL AND LEE (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) IN TORRES STRAIT, AUSTRALIA
Authors: FOLEY D. H. , BRYAN J. H. , BOOTH D. , FREEBAIRN C. G.
Published: April 2007

The sibling species composition of Anopheles farauti sensu lato in the Torres Strait islands was determined by cellulose acetate electrophoresis of isoenzymes. An. farauti No. 1 was widespread and the predominant species on all islands surveyed. An. farauti No. 2 was recorded on the southern islands of Horn and Prince of Wales. An. farauti No. 3 was not collected. Maximum biting activity of An. farauti No. 1 occurred around the middle of the night; insufficient An. farauti No. 2 were collected to determine biting activity. The majority of An. hilli fed before midnight although pre‐dawn activity peaks were also observed. In simultaneous indoor and outdoor collections, 11–64% of An. farauti No. 1 and 6–40% of An. hilli were caught indoors.
THE AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF CHLAMISINI (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: REID C. A. M.
Published: April 2007

The occurrence of the tribe Chlamisini in Australia is reviewed. The 3 species are placed inChlamisusRafinesque. Two native species (C. aterrimus(Lea), comb.n. (=C. australisBryant syn.n.) andC. amyemaesp.n.) are described and compared with the recently introduced speciesC. mimosaeKarren.
EFFECT OF SIX CHEMICALS ON THE INSECTS, MITES, NEMATODES AND FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH IPS GRANDICOLLIS (EICHHOFF) (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN NORTHEASTERN NEW SOUTH WALES
Authors: Stone C. , Simpson J. A.
Published: April 2007

Thirty‐two species of insects, mites, nematodes and fungi were collected from brood galleries of Ips grandicollis in billets of Pinus elliottii after 30 days exposure to bark beetle infestation in northeastern New South Wales. Spray application of 6 selective biocides (pentabrite, busan 110, busan 30, lindane, dicofol and nilverm plus water as a control treatment) were used to elucidate interactions among the community associates of I. grandicollis. These interactions were: (1) the significant role of mites in spreading the fungal blue‐stain within the billet, and (2) regulatory predation of nematodes by the mite component. The nonfungicidal activity of nilverm and lindane was verified in a bioassay against I. grandicollis fungal associates on P. elliottii sapwood discs.
SEX‐RELATED MORPH FREQUENCIES IN ACRIDA CONICA (F.) (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)
Authors: Garlinge J. , Calver M. C. , Bradley J. S.
Published: April 2007

Green and brown morphs of the grasshopper Acrida conica (F.) occur sympatrically at several sites in metropolitan Perth, Western Australia. Collections of nymphs from 5 sites and adults from 6 sites showed that the morph frequencies were strongly sex‐related in the nymphs, where there were significantly more green females than green males. With adults the proportion of green males increased to near levels found in females.
CYCHRAMPTODINI, A NEW TRIBE OF NITIDULIDAE (COLEOPTERA) FROM AUSTRALIA
Authors: Kirejtshuk A. G. , Lawrence J. F.
Published: April 2007

A new tribe, Cychramptodini, is described, including 3 genera Cychramptodes Reitter, Miskoramus gen.n. and Cylindroramus gen.n. Comparisons are made between this tribe and other groups of Nitidulinae, including the Lawrencerosini. The following new species are described: Miskoramus pulcher, Cylindroramus accretus, C. dressleri, C. fraucai, C. macropunctatus, C. medvedevi, C. monteithi, C. moorei, C. nitens, C. rectifrons and C. uptoni.
MOSQUITOES (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) ATTRACTED TO HUMANS AND FOUR OTHER ANIMAL SPECIES AT DARWIN, NORTHERN TERRITORY
Authors: Foley, D. H. , Bryan, Joan H. , Booth D. , Barnes A.
Published: April 2007

During a study on the attraction of Anopheles farauti s.l. to humans and 4 other animal species (calf, pig, dog and domestic fowl), 25,000 mosquitoes belonging to 19 other species in 5 genera were also collected. Data for 7 species were sufficient for analysis of variance. There were overall significant differences between the numbers caught at different baits for 4 species, Anopheles bancroftii. An. meraukensis, Culex annulirostris and Aedes lineatopennis. All 4 species were more attracted to pig and calf than humans while dog was also more attractive to An. meraukensis. The different bait animals did not significantly affect the numbers of Mansonia uniformis, Ae. vigilax and Ae. reesi that were captured.
TWO NEW SPECIES OFCARDIASPINACRAWFORD (HEMIPTERA: PSYLLIDAE) FROM WESTERN AUSTRALIA AND TASMANIA
Authors: Taylor K. L.
Published: April 2007

Cardiaspina jerramungae sp.n., which has been damaging Eucalyptus occidentalis and some related species in Western Australia for the past 10 years, is described. C. jerramungae is most closely related to C. corbula Taylor, which is redescribed. Cardiaspina caestata sp.n. is described from Eucalyptus (Monocalyptus) regnans and E. (MO) delegatensis in Tasmania. The relationships between Cardiaspina Crawford and Hyalinaspis Taylor are discussed.
SCARABAEIDAE (COLEOPTERA) ASSOCIATED WITH PEANUTS IN SOUTHERN QUEENSLAND
Authors: Rogers, D. J. , Brier H. B. , Houston K. J.
Published: April 2007

The common scarabs associated with peanuts in southern Queensland are Heteronyx piceus Blanchard, H. rugosipennis Macleay, Sericesthis ino (Blackburn) and S. suturalis (Macleay) in the South Burnett, and Pseudoheteronyx basicollis Lea, H. sp. nr rugosipennis and S. suturalis at Clifton on the Darling Downs. A key to larvae of these species is presented. In the South Burnett, H. piceus is the major pest species, comprising 90% of larval populations under peanuts.
LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF STRAINS OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS FOR HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA (HÜBNER) AND HELICOVERPA PUNCTIGERA WALLENGREN (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) ESTIMATED USING A DROPLET‐FEEDING METHOD
Authors: Teakle R. E. , Caon G. , Grimshaw J. F. , Byrne V. S.
Published: April 2007

The potencies of 10 strains (seven subspecies) of Bacillus thuringiensis for Helicoverpa armigera and H. punctigera were compared using a droplet‐feeding method. Larvae were attracted to petri dishes for dosing using a light‐proof box, and imbibed the bacteria in droplets sprayed onto the dishes. The strains displayed a 300‐fold difference in potency for H. armigera and 750‐fold difference for H. punctigera. Two strains were equal to the commercial strain (subspecies kurstaki, serotype 3a3b) in potency against H. armigera, namely subspecies kenyae, serotype 4a4c and aizawai, serotype 7; and one, kenyae, serotype 4a4c, was also similar to the commercial strain against H. punctigera. The strains ranked similarly in potency against H. armigera and H. punctigera, suggesting that screening for potency against both Helicoverpa spp. can be accomplished by testing against only one of the species.
CEPHALOPLATUS ELEGANS SP.N. (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE) FROM AUSTRALIA
Authors: McDonald F. J. D.
Published: April 2007

Cephaloplatus elegans sp.n. is described from the Northern Territory.
STENOMESIUS JAPONICUS (ASHMEAD) (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE), A PARASITOID OF THE INTRODUCED BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT DIALECTICA SCALARIELLA (ZELLER) (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE)
Authors: James David G. , Stevens Mark M.
Published: April 2007

The eulophid Stenomesius japonicus is recorded as a parasitoid of Dialectica scalariella, a leaf‐mining moth introduced into Australia from the Mediterranean region as a control agent for the weed Echium plantagineum (Paterson's Curse or Salvation Jane). Parasitism was only recorded at two of 27 locations sampled in southern New South Wales. However, at one of these sites more than 75% of D. scalariella larvae were affected.
ASPECTS OF THE BIOLOGY OF EURYMELOIDES PUNCTATA (SIGNORET) AND EURYMELA DISTINCTA SIGNORET (HEMIPTERA: EURYMELIDAE) FEEDING ON EUCALYPTS
Authors: Rozario S. A. , Gullan P. J. , Farrow R. A.
Published: April 2007

The biology of the leafhoppers Eurymeloides punctata and Eurymela distincta was studied from December 1986 to June 1988 on CSIRO experimental eucalypt plantations near Canberra. These eurymelids are sap‐feeders on eucalypts and are attended by ants. E. punctata had three overlapping generations per year and overwintered mainly in the egg stage. Populations generally were restricted to small trees of Eucalyptus viminalis Labill. less than 3 years old and as these grew there was a progressive movement onto younger trees in the plantation. E. distincta had one generation per year and overwintered as adults. It occurred on larger trees in the plantation and also on mature eucalypts in the woodland surrounding the plantation. Eggs of each species were parasitised by different species of mymarid wasp. Nymphs of both species were parasitised by a dryinid wasp (Anteon sp.). Egg parasitisation was the main cause of mortality in E. punctata and mortality of early instars was higher than that of late instars.
CYTOCHROME P‐450 CONTENT AND ALDRIN EPOXIDASE ACTIVITY IN LARVAE OF A SUSCEPTIBLE AND A PYRETHROID‐RESISTANT STRAIN OF HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA (HÜBNER) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Barden G. P. , Rose H. A. , Gunning R. V.
Published: April 2007

A pyrethroid‐resistant strain of Helicoverpa armigera showed 1.7‐fold higher cytochrome P‐450 concentration and 1.8‐fold higher aldrin epoxidase activity than a susceptible strain.
LARVAL DEVELOPMENT IN DIPLACODES BIPUNCTATA (BRAUER) (ODONATA: LIBELLULIDAE)
Authors: Rowe R. J.
Published: April 2007

Diplacodes bipunctata was raised in the laboratory from egg to final instar. Changes in external morphology during development are described. Comments are made on oviposition and on seasonality patterns in Australia and New Zealand.
AUSTRALIAN CHARIPINAE (HYMENOPTERA: CYNIPOIDEA: CHARIPIDAE) DESCRIBED BY A. A. GIRAULT
Authors: Carver Mary
Published: April 2007

Thoreauana nativa Girault, 1930, Dilyta mascagnini Girault, 1935, and Alloxysta thoreauini Girault, 1935 are assigned to the subfamily Charipinae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Charipidae). D. mascagnini and A. thoreauini are moved to Thoreauana Girault, 1930, which is removed from synonymy with Alloxysta Färster, 1869 (Charipidae: Alloxystinae). The paratype of T. nativa may not be conspecific with the holotype.