bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enseñanza de la programación de computadoras para principiantes: un contexto histórico
Authors: Rodríguez Carrillo Gonzalo Martín
Published: November 2017

Una de las problemáticas vigentes en la educación es la selección, ajuste y justificación de las didácticas adecuadas para el desarrollo de los cursos. En algunos programas académicos de ingeniería el interés se concentra en los cursos introductorios de programación de computadoras, puesto que en estos se presentan altos índices de deserción y pérdida académica, situación dramática debido a que son precisamente estos cursos los que proporcionan la fundamentación básica para los diferentes programas académicos. En la selección de la metodología existen requerimientos que se deben satisfacer, por ejemplo: el énfasis del programa académico, el perfil de formación, la integración y comunicación con la industria. Con respecto a la metodología, algunos autores priorizan el lenguaje de programación inicial como factor determinante en la apropiación de los conceptos, mientras que otros autores enfatizan en el ambiente de desarrollo (IDE por sus siglas en Inglés). Como resultado de esta revisión se encontró que actualmente existe una tendencia hacia la elección de lenguajes de poco impacto en la industria, tales como Python así como el empleo de IDE orientados hacia la lúdica. Una elección adecuada requiere la identificación de aspectos tales como el currículo, el contexto de desarrollo del programa, la formación del estudiante, los recursos disponibles en el aula, la apropiación de las herramientas por parte del docente, y por supuesto, la disposición del estudiante.
Editorial
Authors: Cely Muñoz Hollmann
Published: November 2017

Sin resumen.
LEGIBILITY OF NEIGHBORHOOD PARKS AND ITS IMPACT ON SOCIAL INTERACTION IN A PLANNED RESIDENTIAL AREA
Authors: Moulay Amine , Ujang Norsidah
Published: November 2017

Neighbourhood parks are designed to provide opportunities for leisure and communal activities for the residents. However, studies have indicated that social interactions in these spaces are not at a satisfactory level. In the urban design context, a good public space should be legible to the observers. Legibility refers to the apparent clarity of the cityscape that directs people’s movement, pattern of activities and form of interaction in public spaces. This paper discusses park’s legibility and its impact on social interaction within a neighbourhood. The results presented are based on a questionnaire survey and a mental mapping exercise conducted with residents in the city of Putrajaya, Malaysia. The results demonstrate a strong relationship between the park’s legibility and the social interactions among the park users. A clear structure of the setting and fewer sight obstacles found within the parks influence residents’ pattern and the Intensity of outdoor activities. The findings contribute to the development of legible environments in neighbourhood park design, its positive impact on social interaction, and social bonding among the residents.
IS THERE ANY GEOMETRICAL GOLDEN RATIO IN TRADITIONAL IRANIAN COURTYARD HOUSES?
Authors: NABAVI FAEZEH , AHMAD YAHAYA
Published: November 2017

The traditional architecture of Iran always places heavy emphasis upon beauty and harmony. This architecture is renowned for detectable principles such as modular design, geometry and specific systems of proportion. This paper involves analyzing these principles, especially geometrical golden ratio embedded within traditional houses, to confirm whether or not they are a perfect match with for the proportion system and modular design used. Eighty traditional courtyard houses in Iran were selected as a case study. The research employs the qualitative method involving archival documents, direct observation, on-site documentation and design analysis. This paper presents a detailed analysis of both proportioning and geometrical principles utilized in the facades of traditional houses and courtyards and their respective roles in creating harmony and beauty. This article concludes that despite the fact that public traditional buildings were made based on geometry and a proportioning system, this is not the case for courtyard houses. The vital factors in this case are the repetitive scale and module of openings in most traditional houses being crucial to the creation of harmony and beauty.
EVALUATION OF A POPULAR SHOPPING MALL BUILT TO ACCOMMODATE PREVIOUS STREET VENDORS IN DOWNTOWN PORTO ALEGRE
Authors: John Naiana Maura , Da Luz Reis Antônio Tarcísio , De Lima Márcia Azevedo , Dias Lay Maria Cristina
Published: November 2017

The objective of this paper is to evaluate a popular shopping mall, named the CPC, focusing on its location, use, aesthetics and security. The global and local integration values of streets surrounding the CPC and the former Square XV Camelódromo are compared in order to evidence their level of accessibility. Concerning use, the following specific objectives are investigated: retailers’ and CPC users’ preference for a popular shopping mall type and CPC users’ knowledge and shopping routines in the former Square XV Camelódromo; retailers’ and CPC users’ levels of satisfaction with the CPC, evaluations of the CPC building and shops location regarding sales, assessments of the existence of a food court and a bus terminal in the CPC building. In relation to aesthetics, retailers’ and CPC users’ evaluations of the internal appearance of the CPC, and retailers’, CPC users’ and architects’ assessments of the external appearance of the CPC are revealed. Moreover, retailers’ and CPC users’ evaluations of security in the bus terminal in the CPC building and in downtown Porto Alegre are identified. Data gathering methods included archival surveys, physical measurements, behavioral observations, and questionnaires. Data were analyzed through non-parametric statistical tests and space syntax methods. Results corroborate findings of other studies regarding the need for movement of people and visibility of shops at ground level, in order to achieve a satisfactory sales performance. Moreover, the CPC external appearance tends to be differently evaluated among retailers, CPC users and architects.
The Ten-Minute Neighbourhood Is [not] a Basic Planning Unit for Happiness in Egypt
Authors: Elshater Abeer Mohamed
Published: November 2017

This paper investigates the relationship between inhabitants’ happiness and the right to the city in the status quo of Egyptian neighborhoods. Although services are easily accessible, by ten-minute walks in a suitable ambience, happiness is not achieved. The research aims to, first, review the literature that provides a guideline for ten-minute neighborhoods. Second, this study conducts a comparative content analysis of recent online articles on the right to the city. Third, the study tests findings from Egyptian neighborhood settings. The idea of a ten-minute neighborhood is manageable. The hypothesis concerns a compliant design. It is a logical assumption that people who live within ten minutes walking distance of essential facilities in their area can minimize several problems and maximize a healthy lifestyle. The supposed issue causes the right to the city to affect the relationship between ten-minute neighborhoods and citizens’ happiness. This assumption can be established through site observation and oriented questionnaires. This paper contributes by presenting new planning units that suit the current context of the old cities in the Middle East and North Africa region, based on walking distances of ten minutes or less with reference to the right to the city. This planning unit can result in citizens’ happiness.
SUSTAINING THE CULTURAL VITALITY OF URBAN PUBLIC MARKETS: A Case Study of Pasar Payang, Malaysia
Authors: Zakariya Khalilah , Kamarudin Zumahiran , Harun Nor Zalina
Published: November 2017

The development of a public market in the city planning is pivotal in supporting the growth of the local economy. The market is also a place where the culture of the locals evolves daily. However, the unique qualities of the market are vulnerable to the redevelopment process. This study examines the cultural aspects of Pasar Payang in Terengganu, Malaysia, as one of the well-known markets among the locals and the tourists, which will soon be redeveloped. The aim of this paper is to identify the tangible and intangible qualities of the market, so that it can sustain its cultural qualities in the future. The methods adopted for this study comprise of conducting a survey among 497 visitors, and semi-structured interviews among 19 market vendors. The findings reveal that the cultural vitality of the market can be sustained by strengthening its local identity through its products and culture, providing spaces that can facilitate tourist activities and cultural participation, and enhancing the development of the local businesses.
SUSTAINABLE TALL BUILDINGS: CASES FROM THE GLOBAL SOUTH
Authors: Al-Kodmany Kheir M
Published: November 2017

This paper examines recent sustainable tall buildings in the Global South, mainly in the Middle East and China. These buildings are redefining how architects, engineers, and planners view skyscrapers, creating a new building typology in regards to function, ecology, technology, and user comfort, in the process. These “futuristic” buildings are setting new social, spatial, and environmental standards, setting a milestone in ecologically friendly architecture. Most of the reviewed projects in this paper have achieved national and international recognition from architectural and planning organizations. They represent the most recent work in the field and have exerted a profound impact on the architectural profession. This paper also summarizes the key lessons that sustainable tall buildings have brought to the field, highlighting the role of breakthrough technologies in enhancing the efficient performance and sustainability of future tall buildings.
EVALUATING NATURAL VENTILATION PROVISIONS AND OCCUPANTS’ VENTILATION BEHAVIOR IN FIVE TERRACE HOUSING TYPES IN PUTRAJAYA, MALAYSIA
Authors: Idowu Ibiyeye Aminat , Shari Zalina , Jaafar Mohamad Fakri Zaky
Published: November 2017

This study investigates the natural ventilation provisions of residential buildings in the hot-humid climate of Putrajaya as well as the occupants’ utilization and overall satisfaction of these provisions. Five terrace house design types were selected for the study and natural ventilation (NV) provisions were identified through acquired building documents. Computer simulations were carried out on all house types to determine the ventilation rates delivered by the NV provisions. Furthermore, a total of 298 households from the selected house types were surveyed. Two house types were found not to comply with the Uniform Building By-Law (UBBL) governing NV provisions in Malaysia and those house types that complied were found to exhibit higher ventilation rates. Occupants’ level of satisfaction when utilising NV was found to be significantly related to opening sizes complying with UBBL, longer duration of opening windows, and occupants’ means of achieving comfort. This paper informs designers on the importance of complying with the required law governing NV in residential buildings. It also highlights the need for a strict effective enforcement of UBBL compliance for the purpose of building approvals.
URBAN DISPLACEMENT AND LOW-INCOME COMMUNITIES: THE CASE OF THE AMERICAN CITY FROM THE LATE TWENTIETH CENTURY
Authors: Knight Jason , Gharipour Mohammad
Published: November 2017

How can urban redevelopment benefit existing low-income communities? The history of urban redevelopment is one of disruption of poor communities. Renewal historically offered benefits to the place while pushing out the people. In some cases, displacement is intentional, in others it is unintentional. Often, it is the byproduct of the quest for profits. Regardless of motives, traditional communities, defined by cultural connections, are often disrupted. Disadvantaged neighborhoods include vacant units, which diminish the community and hold back investment. In the postwar period, American cities entered into a program of urban renewal. While this program cleared blight, it also drove displacement among the cities’ poorest and was particularly hard on minority populations clustered in downtown slums. The consequences of these decisions continue to play out today. Concentration of poverty is increasing and American cities are becoming more segregated. As neighborhoods improve, poorer residents are uprooted and forced into even more distressed conditions, elsewhere. This paper examines the history of events impacting urban communities. It further reviews the successes and failures of efforts to benefit low-income communities.
MODERNISM AND CULTURAL EXPRESSION IN UNIVERSITY CAMPUS DESIGN: THE NIGERIAN EXAMPLE
Authors: Asojo Abimbola O , Jaiyeoba Babatunde E.
Published: November 2017

In the early to mid-20th century as a result of colonialism and independence across Africa, modernism became prominent as urbanization rapidly affected major Nigerian cities and towns. Modernism was reflected in the public projects designed and executed by expatriate firms of modernist architects and designers for the colonialists. In literature, most of the discussion on modernism has predominantly been focused on Europe and the Americas. There is very limited information available about the African continent, especially West Africa and Nigeria. In this paper, we discuss the designs of the first generation Nigerian Universities. Our goal is to introduce audiences to cultural expression and diverse perspectives of Nigerian spaces of this era, and thus contribute to the global design discourse. We will illustrate how the designers and architects acculturated the international style into the tropical climate and sociocultural context of Nigeria. We will discuss the impact of Nigerian indigenous cultures on the site layout, building form, spatial configuration, interior and exterior relationships, materials, construction techniques, symbols and aesthetics.
LOCATIVE MEDIA INTERVENTIONISM – A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR CRITICAL REVIEW OF AUGMENTED REALITY APPLICATIONS IN THE PARTICIPATORY SPATIAL DESIGN CONTEXT
Authors: Khan Mohammad , Loke Lian
Published: November 2017

This paper offers an analytical framework for a critical review of augmented reality visualisations in the domain of participatory spatial design in general and Participatory Architecture in particular. By offering this framework the paper aims to respond to the concern in published discourse that augmented reality visualisations are insufficient on their own to accomplish participation’s ultimate objective of social inclusion. To derive this framework the paper turns to augmented reality itself, that is, the realm of locative media practice as a whole. Illustrative examples have been reviewed to identify an overarching commonality of purpose, namely proactive spatial intervention for social inclusion. This common underpinning concept has been labelled as Locative Media Interventionism, or LMI. Finally, this compact framework has been used to evaluate augmented reality applications in participatory spatial design. A cursory evaluation of micro as well as macro scale examples indicates that the usage of this visualisation technology has yet to undergo the process of maturation that locative media in general has undergone. It has yet to evolve out from being a mere novelty to becoming a politically charged platform for delivering social inclusion
CULTURAL MEANINGS EMBEDDED IN THE FAÇADE OF ITALIAN MIGRANTS’ HOUSES IN BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA
Authors: Faggion Laura , Furlan Raffaello
Published: November 2017

In the Post-WWII period, while industrial production in Italy had diminished and millions of people were unemployed, Australia was facing the opposite problem of shortage of labour, due to a rapid agricultural and industrial development. By virtue of the immigration policy adopted by the Australian government in the 1950s, assistance with the cost of migration to Australia was provided to those Italians willing to migrate to Australia. Italian migrants, as well as diverse migrant groups, brought with them cultural practices and a way of life, which are nowadays part of the multicultural Australian built environment and society. This research study focuses on the domestic dwellings built in the late 1980s and early 1990s in Brisbane by the Italian migrants. Namely, it is argued that the façade of migrants’ houses is embedded by cultural meanings. The study is of qualitative nature and as primary sources of data uses (1) semi-structured interviews, (2) photo-elicitation interviews and (3) focus group discussion, which were conducted both in Australia with twenty first-generation Italian migrants, and in Italy with ten informants, indigenous to the Veneto region, where they built their homes. Visual data about the houses was collected with (4) photographs and drawings. The findings reveal that Italian houses are concurrently a physical structure and a set of meanings based on culture: these two components are tied together rather than being separate and distinct. Namely, the Veneto migrants chose two models for the construction of their houses in Brisbane: (1) the rural houses built in the 1970s and 1980s by their ancestors (2) and the villas designed by Andrea Palladio in the 15th century in the Veneto region for noble families.
CONSERVATION OF HISTORIC WATERFRONT TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN OLD DHAKA
Authors: Rahman Mohammed Mahbubur , Imon Sharif Shams
Published: November 2017

Liveability of a city is related to the quality of life (QOL) assessed by the impact of the quality of physical environment on liveability and the role of recreation in psychological wellbeing of individuals. Like in major Asian cities, the historic waterfront and architectural heritage of Dhaka are important components of the fabric. Despite diminution, it continues to affect the social life of Old Dhaka residents. In recent years, protection of the waterfront from illegal encroachment and pollution has become a major concern, amidst a lack of understanding of the river’s role in improving the QOL of the waterfront residents and the role of community involvement. By comparing waterfronts in similar contexts and through literature review and observations, the authors investigate how the conservation of the historic waterfront can contribute to the improvement of quality of life in Old Dhaka, and suggest ways to protect the riverfront with this objective. Seeing waterfronts as products of human intervention into nature, this paper discusses the socio-political forces that shape this, and investigates how conservation of the historic landscape can improve the QOL of the nearby residents. It uses a case study approach based on documentary research, unstructured and nonparticipant observations, and interviews with community leaders, environmental activists and local bodies.
HISTORICAL FABULATION: A FRAMEWORK TO RETHINK THE ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE OUTSIDE ISLAMIC WORLD
Authors: Rashid Mizanur , Bartsch Katahrine
Published: November 2017

The current study offers a critical interpretation of the more transient traces of Islam in Australia, and their representation in the equally scanty tangible evidences. The scope of recent surveys in this field is increasingly inclusive. However, very few studies focus on the architecture of Muslim communities in regions where Islam is not the predominant faith, especially in the southern hemisphere. The historical Adelaide Mosque, and many others, is excluded from the historical record despite the instrumental role it played in the life of Muslim settlers. This absence raises questions about gaps, or histories untold, as well as myths received, in histories of ‘Islamic’ architecture that raise questions about the truth-value of the past.  There is a need to examine hybridized forms and shared architectural narratives to counter the myopic but persistent representation—or fabulation—of supposedly authentic, largely Arab-centric, forms of ‘Islamic’ architecture. This paper argues, then, that new theoretical frameworks are required to interpret this architectural hybrid that is, we argue, typical rather than exceptional.
PLACE MEANING AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE TRADITIONAL SHOPPING DISTRICT IN THE CITY CENTRE OF KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA
Authors: Ujang Norsidah
Published: November 2017

Due to the rapid urbanization rate, the traditional urban environment in developing countries has been constantly replaced by modern structures with standardized images. The urban landscape of Kuala Lumpur city demonstrates a similar pattern, which, arguably, may disrupt the continuity in meaning embedded in people’s associationwith the places. This paper describes the meaning and significance of the traditional shopping districts in the city center of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The researcher conducted face-to-face interviews and field observations to understand the meanings attached to the users’ experience of the traditional shopping streets located in the area. It was also to identify the urban elements that perceived to be important. The results demonstrate that the users translated various meanings of the places. The types and length of engagement, familiarity, cultural characteristics of the users and economic dependency influenced the attachment. The places are meaningful as a reflection of self and group identity thus contribute to the continuity of place identity.
SUSTAINABLE ASSESSMENT TOOL OF HISTORIC CENTERS: The Cases of Bath and Cambridge
Authors: Gharib Remah Y.
Published: November 2017

The rise in the interest of urban conservation over the past years has led to search for a more effective decision-making and appropriate assessment. Conservation of historic centers in England aims to achieve important goals with social benefits and increasingly the improving urban qualities. Despite this positive consciousness, some conservation initiatives do not deliver their goals at the right time while others do not maintain their success for longer periods. This striking phenomenon is often due to the lack of sustainable management. The aim of this study is to explore the concept of sustainable management with particular focus on the conservation of historic centers and to introduce an assessment tool to measure the degree of success in conserving historic centers. The study focuses on two English case studies: Bath and Cambridge City Centers; investigating their visions, policies and strategies with relevance to the feedback of local communities and responsible authorities. The study utilizes the assessment tool to clarify the crucial need for an effective management framework based on the relationships of the factors of ‘importance’ and ‘performance.’
REVIEW OF ‘TERRAIN VAGUE: INTERSTICES AT THE EDGE OF THE PALE’ By Manuela Mariani and Patrick Barron (editors). London & New York, Routledge, 2014, 256 pages, ISBN 978-0415827683
Authors: Grichting Anna Katharina
Published: November 2017

The concept of terrain vague was first theorized by Ignasi de Sola-Morales in the mid 1990s as a contemporary space of project and design that includes the marginal wastelands and vacant lots that are located outside the city’s productive spaces – which Morales describes as oversights in the landscape that are mentally exterior in the physical interior of the city. Around the same time, the artist and architect collective Stalker defined Terrains Vagues in the plural as spaces of confrontation and contamination between the organic and the inorganic, between nature and artifice that constitute the built city’s negative, the interstitial and the marginal, spaces abandoned by economic forces, or in the process of transformation.This book Terrain Vague: Interstices at the Edge of the Pale – edited by the architect Manuela Mariani and the professor of English Patrick Barron - seeks to expand on Sola-Morales ideas and to present the terrain vague through a taxonomy of urban empty spaces presented by the authors in the introduction – derelict lands, brownfields, voids, loose spaces, heterotopias, dead zones, urban wilds, counter-sites. The book aims to collectively refine this notion as a central concept of urban planning and design, architecture, landscape architecture, film studies, cultural geography, literature, photography, and cultural studies, looking at possible positive alternatives to the negative images projected into them.
COUNTING URBAN CARBON: EFFECTIVE MODELING OF RESOURCE-EFFICIENT URBAN DESIGN DECISIONS UNDER UNCERTAIN CONDITIONS
Authors: Mehaffy Michael W
Published: November 2017

Urban design decision support tools aimed at achieving desired outcomes – such as reduction of greenhouse gas emissions – must respond to the inherent complexity of urban systems, and the inherent uncertainties within measurement and inventory methods. Moreover, they must accommodate the epistemological limitations of all models, arising from their dynamic relationship with the often self-modifying phenomena they are intended to model. Drawing on methodologies from other fields, we present here the outline of a methodology that meets that requirement, exploiting the capacity for iteration, empirical evaluation, and collaborative refinement over time. We show how this methodology is suitable for application in a new generation of decision support tools for urban design.
Between Tradition and Modernity: Determining Spatial Systems of Privacy in the Domestic Architecture of Contemporary Iraq
Authors: Al-Thahab Ali , Mushatat Sabah , Abdelmonem Mohamed Gamal
Published: November 2017

The notion of privacy represents a central criterion for both indoor and outdoor social spaces in most traditional Arab settlements. This paper investigates privacy and everyday life as determinants of the physical properties of the built and urban fabric and will study their impact on traditional settlements and architecture of the home in the contemporary Iraqi city. It illustrates the relationship between socio-cultural aspects of public/private realms using the notion of the social sphere as an investigative tool of the concept of social space in Iraqi houses and local communities (Mahalla). This paper reports that in spite of the impact of other factors in articulating built forms, privacy embodies the primary role under the effects of Islamic rules, principles and culture. The crucial problem is the underestimation of traditional inherited values through opening social spaces to the outside that giving unlimited accesses to the indoor social environment creating many problems with regard to privacy and communal social integration.
EFFECTIVE URBAN VALUES ON CONSERVATION OF HISTORICAL CONTEXTS: The Case of Isfahan - Iran
Authors: Ebrahimi Ahad Nejad
Published: November 2017

Industrial revolution in the late nineteenth century in Western societies was a new emerging phenomenon promising a better life for the future of humanity. However, its development and growth exposed human values to fundamental changes. The challenge shaped between the development and growth of the industry and human values spread quickly to other sections. Artificial environment were one of these sections. Before the emergence of the industrial revolution the development and growth of cities were through a ritual process and there wasn’t any challenge between the development process and values. Urban values can be categorized on three parts issues of cultural-historical values, issues of skeletal-physical values, issues of environmental perceptions values. The aim of this research is to study the challenges between the development and conservation of the urban values, raising the question that ‘what has been the position of urban values in the development of the cities of Iran?’ In spite of the fact that the historical cores of the cities are valuable, there has been no attention to the present values in the process of the urban contemporary development. The present research is of the fundamental-development research type using the interpretive-historical method by data-gathering and qualitative analyses. The research revealed that the development process was based on the identity and cultural values in the cities of Iran before the advent of modernity and since the city met the existing needs, a desired coordination was shaped between urban values and development; however, the arrival of new urban elements supported legally by the government led to ignorance of many urban values in the contemporary development.
ADAPTIVE BUILDING EXOSKELETONS: A biomimetic model for the rehabilitation of social housing
Authors: Scuderi Giuliana
Published: November 2017

This research is an attempt to describe a new biomimetic model for the rehabilitation of social housing. In particular, the constructions built in Europe in the post Second World War period suffer of material and social degradation requiring architectural, functional and structural interventions. The analysis of the state of the art underlined the importance of the envelope in the definition of new performances and standards. Through a bio-mimicry approach, the paper shows the process leading to the definition of a building exoskeleton: a structural envelope able to solve complex sets of problems integrating different building systems. Adaptability results being a fundamental property to define an effective seismic and structural behavior but also to respond to changing user’s needs and environmental conditions. In the last part of the paper, information about feasible technologies and techniques to realize the exoskeleton are presented. Finally, the conclusions show the potentiality of the model if applied in critical contexts where intensive and diffusive interventions of recovery of social housing are needed.
ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION AS A TOOL FOR CULTURAL CONTINUITY: A Focus on the Built Environment of Islam
Authors: Khan Hasan-Uddin
Published: November 2017

Architectural historic preservation has been used as a means to express or represent national, Islamic and even ethnic identity, and often this is linked to tourism or used to serve political ends, particularly in nation building. This article investigates agency and utility in the conservation and restoration of religious built environments in different societies in the Islamic world and its meaning to these societies today. Conservation should be interpreted more broadly than the physical continuity of historic structures; it should also enable the continuity of non-material aspects of culture.
Flexible Housing: The Role of Spatial Organization in Achieving Functional Efficiency
Authors: Hosseini Raviz Seyed Reza , Nik Eteghad Ali , Uson Guardiola Ezequiel , Armesto Aira Antonio
Published: November 2017

According to inhabitants’ dimensions and various aspects of human life, flexible spaces are used as a solution in social housing due to the lack of space that architects always confront. In fact, flexible housing responds to inhabitants’ needs throughout time. In other words, it evolves from the change in residents’ requirements and promises adaptability to their living conditions. This spatial adaptability replaces spatial hierarchy and enhances life quality. The main purpose of spatial organization is to plan an interior space in order to create functional efficiency in a dwelling layout. This study attempts to research less-focused concepts so as to establish guidelines for future flexible housing design. Encompassing two case studies regarding Dutch housing, this study aims to understand how interrelated space planning enhances spatial arrangements to achieve an efficient spatial configuration. Spatial organization is delved with in depth to understand how functional efficiency can be achieved in flexible housing. Finally, interrelated spatial organization is believed to contribute to placing spaces according to their function by creating a multilateral relationship that responds to the inhabitants’ ever-changing needs.
Key Success Factors and Guidance for International Collaborative Design Projects
Authors: Soetanto Robby , Childs Mark , Poh Paul S.H. , Austin Stephen , Glass Jacqueline , Adamu Zulfikar A. , Isiadinso Chinwe , Tolley Harry , Mackenzie Helen
Published: November 2017

In the built environment (BE) sector, the co-creation process of design demands understanding of requirements (as viewed by parties involved), mobilisation of tacit knowledge, negotiation, and complex exchange of information. The need to collaborate over distance has further exacerbated the complexity of the process, and, in itself, represents a significant challenge for BE professionals who are increasingly expected to undertake this process within globally distributed virtual teams. The research aims to identify key success factors and develop guidance for international collaborative design projects, via the implementation of collaborative design courses in UK and Canadian universities over three academic years. Questionnaire surveys, focus groups, observation of online meetings, personal reflections provided data for the analysis. The findings reveal the significance of the perceived risk of collaboration and a difference in preferred communication mode between architects and civil/structural engineers. These findings suggest the impact of training in the subject discipline, and that the opportunity for co-located working has helped the development of trust. The guidance is aimed at BE educators who wish to implement this activity in their courses.
Understanding Creative Design Processes by Integrating Sketching and CAD Modelling Design Environments: A Preliminary Protocol Result from Architectural Designers
Authors: Shih Yi Teng , Sher William D. , Taylor Mark
Published: November 2017

This paper presents the results of a preliminary protocol study of the cognitive behaviour of architectural designers during the design process. The aim is to better understand the similarities and differences in cognitive behaviour using Sequential Mixed Media (SMM) and Alternative Mixed Media (AMM) approaches, and how switching between media may impact on design processes. Two participants with at least one-year’s professional design experience and a Bachelor of Design degree, and competence in both sketching and computer-aid design (CAD) modelling participated in the study. Video recordings of participants working on different projects were coded using the Function-Behaviour-Structure (FBS) coding scheme. Participants were also interviewed and their explanations about their switching behaviours were categorised into three types: S→C, S/C↹R and C→S. Preliminary results indicate that switching between media may influence how designers identify problems and develop solutions. In particular, two design issues were identified.  These relate to the FBS coding scheme, where structure (S) and behaviour derived from structure (Bs), change to documentation (D) after switching from sketching to CAD modelling (S→C). These switches make it possible for designers to integrate both approaches into one design medium and facilitate their design processes in AMM design environments.
Ecocardiografía avanzada: aplicación clínica actual del análisis de deformación miocárdica y de la imagen tridimensional
Authors: Juan Francisco Cueva Recalde Juan Francisco , Lacambra Blasco Isaac
Published: November 2017

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La basura electrónica y la contaminación ambiental
Authors: Hidalgo Aguilera Luis
Published: November 2017

Español:En las últimas décadas y principalmente al inicio del nuevo siglo, se ha incrementado en grandes proporciones la fabricación, el consumo y el desecho de aparatos eléctricos y electrónicos, por la gran cantidad de beneficios y facilidades que ha dado al desarrollo de la humanidad.El presente trabajo tiene por objeto identificar a los principales aparatos eléctricos y electrónicos, sus componentes peligrosos para el medio ambiente y para el ser humano, las razones por las cuales los vuelven peligrosos, las formas de deshacerse una vez que terminan su vida útil y las medidas que se han tomado y que se piensa tomar con este tipo de basura que es ya una seria preocupación a nivel mundial.
Sistema de navegación automática controlada por voz para una silla de ruedas
Authors: Arévalo Luzuriaga Marcelo
Published: November 2017

Español:El objetivo principal del presente proyecto fue desarrollar un sistema autónomo capaz de movilizar a personas discapacitadas parapléjicas sobre una silla de ruedas, utilizando un simple comando o instrucción de voz.El sistema de control del navegador está basado en un microcontrolador tipo PIC 16f877A como elemento maestro del comando y de 2 microcontroladores esclavos para la ejecución del reconocimiento de voz y manejo de los actuadores. El microcontrolador RCS 300 realiza el almacenamiento y reconocimiento de los comandos de voz utilizados para el control del equipo.Este equipo posee también la alternativa de un comando manual mediante un joystick ubicado en la parte frontal de la silla, siendo esta función una de las 15 posibilidades de trabajo que posee el equipo, así mismo el sistema está dotado con un conjunto de 6 sensores ultrasónicos programables que entran a funcionar en el modo autónomo y sirven de seguridad al hablante ante posibles colisiones con obstáculos en todo su perímetro y también abismos que encuentre durante su trayectoria.
Estructuración del precio de un menú
Authors: Baldeón Dávalos Raúl
Published: November 2017

Español:El presente trabajo propone un procedimiento claro y sencillo para establecer el costo de producción y el precio de venta de un menú.Para establecer el precio se aplicó mecanismos de cálculo tales como, agregando un porcentaje a los costos unitarios totales y mediante un modelo de maximización de utilidades. Sin embargo será el propietario del negocio quien determine cual método aplicar dada la estructura de sus costos y el tamaño del negocio.Se presenta un ejemplo aplicado a una microempresa dedicada a la producción y venta de sánduches, refrescos y aguas aromáticas.
Responsabilidad social
Authors: Viteri Moya Jorge
Published: November 2017

Español:En el actual escenario mundial, los principales desafíos para las organizaciones provienen de los vertiginosos cambios del entorno. La globalización, la competencia, la tecnología, la responsabilidad social, el conocimiento y los activos intangibles, demandan a las empresas serias modificaciones en sus estructuras y estrategias
Los valores morales en la conducta personal
Authors: Aguirre Palma Boris
Published: November 2017

Español:¿Cómo hacer énfasis y empoderar en conductas humanas propositivas mediante el aprecio yadquisición de valores morales? La afirmación y práctica de valores son indispensables en todaagrupación humana para la convivencia pacífica en el ecosistema familiar, las instituciones y lamisma sociedad. Nacemos como todo animal con algunos instintos que son comportamientos queno tienen que ser aprendidos, por ejemplo, llorar cuando tenemos hambre o sed y succionar la lechede nuestra madre. Pero como seres racionales tenemos también que aprender muchas conductasindispensables para sobrevivir en este mundo, no llegamos a él como un producto terminado. Elcomportamiento de cada persona puede ser saludable o no. Lo indispensable para que lo sea, es quesiempre sea correcto y que, para este propósito, se fundamente en valores morales cultivados yadquiridos preferentemente desde edad muy temprana en su medio familiar y social. En laformación de los hábitos de toda persona influye en diverso grado una serie de factores guías,“mapas mentales”, condicionamientos económicos y del medio ambiente, preceptos o patronesculturales, normas sociales, procesos psico- afectivos propios de cada individuo, conviccionesreligiosas y valores morales. Algunos de estos factores actúan preferentemente en los primeros añosde vida; otros, como los valores que suponen más reflexión, requieren mayor madurez. En estetrabajo nos referiremos a los valores especialmente en algunas conductas: respeto y protección activadel entorno físico en que vivimos, lealtad, justicia, equidad de género, solidaridad, empatía,tolerancia, serenidad, conciliación, libertad de conciencia, respetuoso manejo de la sexualidad, entreotras. Muchas de las reflexiones y recomendaciones que presentaremos, tendrán como marco dereferencia la gestión familiar. En el presente estudio analizaremos cómo los valores juegan un papelprotagónico en el proceso de toma de decisiones como en la formación de conductas y de hábitosde vida. El tema del ecosistema familiar se convierte en el punto central cuando vamos a hablar decomportamientos y hábitos. La familia es la organización básica de toda sociedad; ella forja a lasmujeres y los hombres que han de manejarla; tiene un papel determinante en la construcción deactitudes humanas saludables que nacen en su seno – y hasta en ocasiones son adulteradas en su interior- muy importantes todas en el diario vivir; y, finalmente, contribuye muy eficazmente a laformación de conductas y de hábitos muy importantes para la persona y para la inter – acción con sucomunidad.
Identificación de macro invertebrados bentónicos en los ríos: Pindo Mirador, Alpayacu y Pindo Grande; determinación de su calidad de agua
Authors: Endara Alexandra
Published: November 2017

En un estudio realizado en el mes de mayo del 2012, utilizando una red Surber de 30 x 30 cmde área de superficie y 0,5 mm de abertura de malla, en los ríos: Pindo Mirador, Pindo Grandey Alpayacu, ubicados en el sector de Mera, provincia de Pastaza de la Amazonía ecuatoriana,se analizó la diversidad y la abundancia de los macro invertebrados bentónicos utilizando losíndices BMWP/Col y EPT. Se logró determinar que la calidad del agua de los ríos PindoMirador y Pindo Grande es buena mientras la del río Alpayacu es mala. Este estudio da unaidea general de la situación ambiental de los ecosistemas lóticos cercanos a la EstaciónBiológica Pindo Mirador. Los resultados de ésta investigación permiten determinar laimportancia de las micro-cuencas de los ríos Pindo Mirador y Pindo Grande como fuente deagua para las poblaciones que se encuentran río abajo, así como el modo en el cual lapresencia o ausencia de organismos bioindicadores (macroinvertebrados) indica la calidad delagua y de los bosques de la micro-cuenca.Abstract:In May 2012, using a 30x30 cm surface and 0.5 mm aperture Surber net in the rivers: PindoMirador, Pindo Grande and Alpayacu, located in Mera, Pastaza, Ecuadorian Amazonia, thediversity and abundance of macro invertebrates was analyzed applying the BMWP/Col and theEPT indexes. It was determined the good Pindo Mirador, Pindo Grande and Alpayacu rivers’water quality, as well as the bad Alpayacu river’s water quality. This work provides an overviewof the environmental situation of aquatic ecosystems near Pindo Mirador Biological Station, ithighlights the importance of the rivers’ micro-watersheds near Pindo Mirador Biological Station,used as water source by the populations living downstream, and shows how macroinvertebrates can be used as bioindicators for the water and forests quality.
Caracterización de riesgos laborales en los procesos del área de restaurante y cocina de la Hostería Selva Virgen
Authors: Haro Haro Bolívar , Viteri Moya Jorge
Published: November 2017

(Recibido: 2013/04/30 - Aceptado: 2013/06/26)El objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar los riesgos laborales en los procesos de lasáreas de restaurante y cocina de la Hostería Selva Virgen, de propiedad de la UniversidadTecnológica Equinoccial (UTE-Ecuador). Para alcanzarlo se procedió en primer lugar a ladescripción de los procesos y procedimientos en las áreas de estudio. Luego se diseñó y aplicóuna encuesta al personal relacionado directa o indirectamente a las labores propias de lasáreas de trabajo, motivo de esta investigación, con la finalidad de conocer la percepción de lostrabajadores sobre las condiciones de trabajo y factores que puedan afectar su salud, con locual se elaboró la matriz de riesgos para estimar los potenciales riesgos de trabajo. Con laestimación de los riesgos surgió la necesidad de evaluar los que se consideraron relevantes,por lo que se procedió a medir ruido, iluminación, estrés térmico, material particulado y gasesCO2 y CO.
Efecto de la transpiración sobre la escorrentía en dos tipos de bosque de la cordillera de la costa, sur de Chile
Authors: Berrones Gina , Oyarzún Carlos
Published: November 2017

(Recibido: 2013/09/03 - Aceptado: 2013/11/20)En esta investigación se comparó la tasa de transpiración y su efecto en la escorrentía en dos microcuencas con bosque nativo siempreverde (Bonifacio) y deciduo (Las Palmas) durante el cambio estacional primavera-verano. Las variables utilizadas fueron precipitación, escorrentía, índice de área foliar, transpiración de especies, y distribución del agua en el suelo. Los resultados mostraron un mayor consumo de agua en el bosque deciduo traduciéndose en una mayor evapotranspiración con 2273,6 mm en comparación al bosque siempreverde con 1740 mm, generando una mayor escorrentía en este último. La comparación entre los índices de área foliar de los dos bosques mostraron diferencia, sobretodo en la primavera para el bosque deciduo, ya que al aumentar su tasa transpiratoria por incremento de biomasa, generó una menor escorrentía a pesar que existieron mayores precipitaciones. Además las especies del bosque siempreverde consumieron el agua de los primeros centímetros (10-20) del perfil del suelo a diferencia del bosque deciduo, donde se observó una disminución en la humedad del suelo a una profundidad un poco mayor (40 cm). En cuanto al rendimiento hídrico, se pudo mostrar con este trabajo que el bosque siempreverde es más eficiente que el bosque deciduo durante el período de activo crecimiento primavera-verano.
Fritura al Vacío: Un enfoque nutricional
Authors: Coronel Manuel
Published: November 2017

(Recibido: 2014/08/07 - Aceptado: 2014/09/22)Uno de los más grandes rubros de la industria alimenticia es la producción de snacks, pero estos presentan, generalmente, un perfil nutricional poco adecuado dentro de una alimentación saludable. La tecnología de Fritura al vacío se presenta como una clara opción de procesamiento para el desarrollo de nuevos productos y de los ya existentes. Este artículo de revisión presenta las ventajas del uso de la Tecnología de Fritura al Vacío en diferentes tipos de alimentos, especialmente en relación al contenido de algunos micronutrientes y grasa. Se mencionan además los trabajos efectuados en Ecuador, especialmente en productos autóctonos.
Evaluación del riesgo de negocio de las empresas que cotizan en el índice sustentable de la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores
Authors: Morales Castro José Antonio
Published: November 2017

(Recibido: 2014/10/27 - Aceptado: 2014/12/15)En este trabajo se evaluó el cambio de riesgo de negocio de 20 empresas que integran el índice sustentable de la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores (BMV), a través del coeficiente de beta desapalancada. Para ello se compararon el periodo previo versus el periodo posterior a la incorporación de las compañías al índice sustentable de la BMV. Se utilizó información financiera, precios de cierre de las acciones y del índice bursátil por un periodo de 234 semanas de cada una de las 20 empresas; posteriormente se calculó la diferencia estadística entre las medias de coeficiente beta desapalancada entre los dos periodos, y se realizó una prueba de hipótesis para evaluar el cambio de riesgo. Se encontró que de las 20 empresas, 12 disminuyeron en su coeficiente de beta desapalancada, los hallazgos sugieren que no es suficiente que las empresas se certifiquen como sustentables para reducir el riesgo de negocio.