bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reactive Oxygen species dependent increase in H3K27 acetylation by intermittent hypoxia is regulated by H3S28 phosphorylation
Authors: Wang Ning , Hildreth Matthew , Prabhakar Nanduri R. , Nanduri Jayasri
Published: September 2024

Histones play a crucial role in regulating gene expression through post –translational modifications (PTMS) which include acetylation, methylation and phosphorylation. We have previously identified histone 3 acetylation (H3Kac) and methylation (H3Kme) as an early epigenetic mechanism associated with intermittent hypoxia (IH), a hallmark feature of sleep apnea. The goal of the present study was to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying IH increased H3 acetylation. IH-induced H3 acetylation was blocked by an antioxidant. Conversely, reactive oxygen species (ROS) mimetics, increased H3 acetylated protein expression similar to IH, suggesting a role for ROS. Trichostatin A (TSA), an HDAC (histone deacetylase) inhibitor mimicked IH-induced H3 acetylation under normoxic conditions, while pharmacological blockade of p300/CBP (HAT, histone acetylase) with CTK7A abolished IH-induced H3 acetylation. These results suggest that interplay between HATs and HDACs regulate ROS-dependent H3 acetylation by IH. Lysine 27 (H3K27) on H3 was one of the lysines specifically acetylated by IH and this acetylation was associated with dephsophorylation of H3 at serine 28 (H3S28). Inhibition of S28 dephosphorylation by protein phosphatase inhibitors (PIC or Calyculin A), prevented H3K27 acetylation by IH. Conversely, inhibiting K27 acetylation with CTK7A, increased S28 phosphorylation in IH-exposed cells. These findings highlight the intricate balance between H3 acetylation and phosphorylation in response to IH, shedding light on epigenetic mechanism regulating gene expression. (Supported by NIH-PO1-HL90554).
Cell-type-specific splicing of transcription regulators andPtbp1byRbfox1/2/3in the developing neocortex
Authors: Ruan Xiangbin , Hu Kaining , Yang Yalan , Yang Runwei , Tseng Elizabeth , Kang Bowei , Kauffman Aileen , Zhong Rong , Zhang Xiaochang
Published: September 2024

How master splicing regulators crosstalk with each other and to what extent transcription regulators are differentially spliced remain unclear in the developing brain. Here, cell-type-specific RNA-Seq of the developing neocortex uncover that transcription regulators are enriched for differential splicing, altering protein isoforms or inducing nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Transient expression of Rbfox proteins in radial glia progenitors induces neuronal splicing events preferentially in transcription regulators such asMeis2andTead1. Surprisingly, Rbfox proteins promote the inclusion of a mammal-specific alternative exon and a previously undescribed poison exon inPtbp1. Simultaneous ablation ofRbfox1/2/3in the neocortex downregulates neuronal isoforms and disrupts radial neuronal migration. Furthermore, the progenitor isoform ofMeis2promotesTgfb3transcription, while theMeis2neuron isoform promotes neuronal differentiation. These observations indicate that transcription regulators are differentially spliced between cell types in the developing neocortex.
Behavioral state and stimulus strength regulate the role of somatostatin interneurons in stabilizing network activity
Authors: Cammarata Celine M , Pei Yingming , Shields Brenda C , Lim Shaun S.X. , Hawley Tammy , Li Jennifer Y , St. Amand David , Brunel Nicolas , Tadross Michael R , Glickfeld Lindsey L.
Published: September 2024

Inhibition stabilization enables cortical circuits to encode sensory signals across diverse contexts. Somatostatin-expressing (SST) interneurons are well-suited for this role through their strong recurrent connectivity with excitatory pyramidal cells. We developed a cortical circuit model predicting that SST cells become increasingly important for stabilization as sensory input strengthens. We tested this prediction in mouse primary visual cortex by manipulating excitatory input to SST cells, a key parameter for inhibition stabilization, with a novel cell-type specific pharmacological method to selectively block glutamatergic receptors on SST cells. Consistent with our model predictions, we find antagonizing glutamatergic receptors drives a paradoxical facilitation of SST cells with increasing stimulus contrast. In addition, we find even stronger engagement of SST-dependent stabilization when the mice are aroused. Thus, we reveal that the role of SST cells in cortical processing gradually switches as a function of both input strength and behavioral state.
Novel Pannexin 1 isoform is increased in cancer
Authors: O’Donnell Brooke L. , Stefan Dan , Chiu Yu-Hsin , Zeitz Michael J. , Tang Justin , Johnston Danielle , Leighton Stephanie E. , Van Kessel Carlijn , Barr Kevin , Gyenis Laszlo , Freeman Taylor J. , Kelly John J. , Sayedyahossein Samar , Isakson Brant E. , Litchfield David W. , Roth Kathryn , Smyth James W. , Hebb Matthew , Ronald John , Bayliss Douglas A. , Penuela Silvia
Published: September 2024

Pannexin 1 (PANX1) is upregulated in many cancers, where its channel activity and signalling promote tumorigenic properties. Here, we report that potential internal translation start sites exist in mouse and human PANX1 which have implications in trafficking and protein interaction. Using mouse PANX1 constructs for each internal methionine (M) we saw that the shorter PANX1 isoforms were glycosylated, able to traffic to the cell surface and PANX1-M37 formed channels which could be activated by C-terminus cleavage or α1-adrenoceptor stimulation. Furthermore, we report a novel ∼25 kDa isoform of human PANX1 (hPANX1-25K) which lacks the N-terminus and was detected in several human cancer cell lines including melanoma, osteosarcoma, breast cancer, and glioblastoma multiforme. This isoform was increased uponhPANX1CRISPR/Cas9 deletion targeting the first exon near M1, and using Expasy PeptideCutter we did not find any evidence of hPANX1 cleavage sites which would produce a 25 kDa fragment, suggesting a potential alternative translation initiation site as the source of hPANX1-25K. hPANX1-25K was confirmed to be a hPANX1 isoform via mass spectrometry, can be N-linked glycosylated at multiple sites including the canonical N255 and novel N338 and N394 residues, and can interact with both β-catenin and full length hPANX1. Using cell surface biotinylation and immunocytochemistry, we also determined hPANX1-25K exhibits a predominantly intracellular localization. hPANX1-25K is prevalent throughout melanoma progression, and its levels are increased in squamous cell carcinoma cells and patient-derived tumours, compared to keratinocytes and patient-matched normal skin, indicating that it may be differentially regulated in normal and cancer cells.
Obstructive sleep apnea mediates genetic risk of Diabetes Mellitus: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
Authors: Hrytsenko Yana , Spitzer Brian W. , Wang Heming , Bertisch Suzanne M. , Taylor Kent , Garcia-Bedoya Olga , Ramos Alberto R , Daviglus Martha L. , Gallo Linda C , Isasi Carmen , Cai Jianwen , Qi Qibin , Alcantara Carmela , Redline Susan , Sofer Tamar
Published: September 2024

Objective

We sought to evaluate whether obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and other sleep disorders, increase genetic risk of developing diabetes mellitus (DM).

Research Design and Methods

Using GWAS summary statistics from the DIAGRAM consortium and Million Veteran Program, we developed multi-ancestry Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) polygenic risk scores (T2D-PRSs) useful in admixed Hispanic/Latino individuals. We estimated the association of the T2D-PRS with cross-sectional and incident DM in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). We conducted a mediation analysis with T2D-PRSs as an exposure, incident DM as an outcome, and OSA as a mediator. Additionally, we performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the causal relationship between T2D and OSA.

Results

Of 12,342 HCHS/SOL participants, at baseline, 48.4% were normoglycemic, 36.6% were hyperglycemic, and 15% had diabetes, and 50.9% identified as female. Mean age was 41.5, and mean BMI was 29.4. T2D-PRSs was strongly associated with baseline DM and with incident DM. At baseline, a 1 SD increase in the primary T2D-PRS had DM adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.67, 95% CI [2.40; 2.97] and a higher incident DM rate (incident rate ratio (IRR) = 2.02, 95% CI [1.75; 2.33]). In a stratified analysis based on OSA severity categories the associations were stronger in individuals with mild OSA compared to those with moderate to severe OSA. Mediation analysis suggested that OSA mediates the T2D-PRS association with DM. In two-sample MR analysis, T2D-PRS had a causal effect on OSA, OR = 1.03, 95% CI [1.01; 1.05], and OSA had a causal effect on T2D, with OR = 2.34, 95% CI [1.59; 3.44].

Conclusions

OSA likely mediates genetic effects on T2D.
Co-infection dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory viruses in the 2022/2023 respiratory season in the Netherlands
Authors: Carstens Gesa , Kozanli Eva , Bulsink Kirsten , McDonald Scott , Elahi Mansoer , de Bakker Jordy , Schipper Maarten , van Gageldonk-Lafeber Rianne , van den Hof Susan , van Hoek Albert Jan , Eggink Dirk
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Evaluation of the presence and effect of SARS-CoV-2 co-infections on disease severity.

Methods

We collected both symptom data and nose- and throat samples from symptomatic people during the 2022/2023 respiratory season in a large participatory surveillance study in the Netherlands, and tested these for 18 respiratory viruses including SARS-CoV-2. We compared reported health status, symptoms and odds of having a mono respiratory viral infection or co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and another respiratory virus.

Results

In total 4,655 samples were included with 22% (n=1,017) testing SARS-CoV-2 positive. Of these 11% (n=116) also tested positive for a second respiratory virus. The most frequently occurring co-infections in SARS-CoV-2 positive participants were with rhinovirus (59%; n=69), seasonal coronaviruses (15%; n=17) and adenovirus (7%; n=8). Participants with a co-infection with one of these three viruses did not report more severe disease compared to those with a SARS-CoV-2 mono-infection. The odds of experiencing SARS-CoV-2 co-infection with seasonal coronavirus or rhinovirus were lower compared to the odds of the respective non-SARS-CoV-2 mono-infection (OR: 0.16, CI 95%: 0.10 – 0.24; OR: 0.21 CI 95%: 0.17 – 0.26; respectively).

Conclusions

SARS-CoV-2 co-infections with rhinovirus, seasonal coronavirus and adenovirus are frequently observed in the general population, but are not associated with more severe disease compared to SARS-CoV-2 mono-infections. Furthermore, we found indications for inter-virus interaction with rhinovirus and seasonal coronavirus, possibly decreasing risk of co-infection.

Highlights

Our study showed viral co-infections in 11% of the SARS-CoV-2 positive participants

SARS-CoV-2 mono-infections led to more severe symptoms than the common cold mono-infections with seasonal coronavirus or rhinovirus

SARS-CoV-2 co-infections with common cold viruses did not lead to worse health status compared to SARS-CoV-2 mono-infections

Odds for mono-infection with common cold virus were higher than for co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and the respective common cold virus
Dutch participatory surveillance framework for evaluating evolutionary changes on SARS-CoV-2 affecting Rapid Diagnostic Test sensitivity in 2022 - 2023.
Authors: Kozanli Eva , Han Wanda , Smit Tara , de Bakker Jordy , Elahi Mansoer , Jaarsma Ryanne , Carstens Gesa , van Hoek Albert Jan , Eggink Dirk
Published: September 2024

Background Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) have been pivotal in the diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2 and policies surrounding self-isolation. When self-testing policies are in place a decreased sensitivity of the virus to RDTs can give benefits for viral spread. However, to monitor for reduced sensitivity of RDTs we rely on the collection of SARS-CoV-2 positive samples from RDT negative patients. Infectieradar, a national participatory surveillance that registers influenza-like symptoms is used as a framework to study false-negative RDT results due to emergence of new virus variants. Methods Participants report weekly on RDT use and symptoms linked to Acute Respiratory Illness (ARI). Each week, all RDT positive and a sample of 200 among RDT negative but symptomatic participants were invited to send in nose throat swabs (NTS). SARS-CoV-2 Ct-values are determined using RT-PCR on NTS samples for RDT positive and RDT (false) negative participants and compared. Sequencing is performed on all eligible samples for phylogenetic analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein and the whole genome sequence. NTS samples of participants with discordant RT-PCR and RDT results are also analyzed using RDTs by professionals in the laboratory. Results Between October 2022 and October 2023, our study had 16,893 participants and we collected 1,757 self-test-positive/NTS PCR positive samples and 359 self-test-negative/NTS PCR positive samples (RDT-/PCR+). These participants were asked to take a SARS-CoV-2 RDT upon symptoms. Within SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive participants, we did not find characteristics that differ in SARS-CoV-2 RDT negative versus positive participants. There were no associations with specific changes in the N protein nor did our phylogenetic analysis show clustering of RDT negative samples. Conclusion Evaluating brand-specific RDT performance in Dutch population and false-negative RDT analyses, led to no evidence for SARS-CoV-2 evolution affecting RDT sensitivity. The participatory surveillance program Infectieradar is a powerful tool for our national surveillance on acute respiratory illnesses, as well as for research purposes. Since this framework offered both self-testing and the gold standard of PCR testing results.
FishPi: a bioinformatic prediction tool to link piRNA and transposable elements
Authors: Godden Alice M. , Rix Benjamin , Immler Simone
Published: September 2024

Background

Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNA)s are non-coding small RNAs that post-transcriptionally affect gene expression and regulation. Through complementary seed region binding with transposable elements (TEs), piRNAs protect the genome from transposition. A tool to link piRNAs with complementary TE targets will improve our understanding of the role of piRNAs in genome maintenance and gene regulation. Existing tools such asTEsmallcan process sRNA-seq datasets to produce differentially expressed piRNAs, andpiRScandeveloped for nematodes can link piRNAs and TEs but it requires knowledge about the target region of interest and works backwards.

Results

We have therefore developedFishPito predict the pairings between piRNA and TEs for available genomes from zebrafish, medaka and tilapia, with full user customisation of parameters including orientation of piRNA, mismatches in the piRNA seed binding to TE and scored output lists of piRNA-TE matches.FishPiworks with individual piRNAs or a list of piRNA sequences in fasta format. The software focuses on the piRNA-TE seed region and analyses reference TEs for piRNA complementarity. TE type is examined, counted and stored to a dictionary, with genomic loci recorded. Any updates to piRNA-TE binding rules can easily be incorporated by changing the seed-region options in the graphic user-interface.FishPiprovides a graphic interface usingtkinterfor the user to input piRNA sequences to generate comprehensive reports on piRNA-TE interactions.FishPican easily be adapted to genomes from other species and taxa opening the interpretation of piRNA functionality to a wide community.

Conclusions

Users will gain insight into genome mobility andFishPiwill help further our understanding of the biological role of piRNAs and their interaction with TEs in a similar way that public databases have improved the access to and the understanding of the role of small RNAs.
Lessons learned during the journey of data: from experiment to model for predicting kinase affinity, selectivity, polypharmacology, and resistance
Authors: de Castro Raquel López-Ríos , Rodríguez-Guerra Jaime , Schaller David , Kimber Talia B. , Taylor Corey , White Jessica B. , Backenköhler Michael , Payne Alexander , Kaminow Ben , Pulido Iván , Singh Sukrit , Kramer Paula Linh , Pérez-Hernández Guillermo , Volkamer Andrea , Chodera John D.
Published: September 2024

Recent advances in machine learning (ML) are reshaping drug discovery. Structure-based ML methods use physically-inspired models to predict binding affinities from protein:ligand complexes. These methods promise to enable the integration of data for many related targets, which addresses issues related to data scarcity for single targets and could enable generalizable predictions for a broad range of targets, including mutants. In this work, we report our experiences in building KinoML, a novel framework for ML in target-based small molecule drug discovery with an emphasis on structure-enabled methods. KinoML focuses currently on kinases as the relative structural conservation of this protein superfamily, particularly in the kinase domain, means it is possible to leverage data from the entire superfamily to make structure-informed predictions about binding affinities, selectivities, and drug resistance. Some key lessons learned in building KinoML include: the importance of reproducible data collection and deposition, the harmonization of molecular data and featurization, and the choice of the right data format to ensure reusability and reproducibility of ML models. As a result, KinoML allows users to easily achieve three tasks: accessing and curating molecular data; featurizing this data with representations suitable for ML applications; and running reproducible ML experiments that require access to ligand, protein, and assay information to predict ligand affinity. Despite KinoML focusing on kinases, this framework can be applied to other proteins. The lessons reported here can help guide the development of platforms for structure-enabled ML in other areas of drug discovery.
Enterprise risk management in supply chain operation: a fuzzy risk prioritization approach
Authors: Mukherjee Swarup , De Anupam , Roy Supriyo
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Traditional risk prioritization methods in Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) rely on precise data, which is often not available in real-world contexts. This study addresses the need for a robust model that can handle uncertain and imprecise information for more accurate risk assessment.

Design/methodology/approach

We propose a group decision-making approach using fuzzy numbers to represent risk attributes and preferences. These are converted into fuzzy risk scores through defuzzification, providing a reliable method for risk ranking.

Findings

The proposed fuzzy risk prioritization framework improves decision-making and risk awareness in businesses. It offers a more accurate and robust ranking of enterprise risks, enhancing control and performance in supply chain operations by effectively representing uncertainty and accommodating multiple decision-makers.

Practical implications

The adoption of this fuzzy risk prioritization framework can lead to significant improvements in enterprise risk management across various industries. By accommodating uncertainty and multiple decision-makers, organizations can achieve more reliable risk assessments, ultimately enhancing operational efficiency and strategic decision-making. This model serves as a guide for firms seeking to refine their risk management processes under conditions of imprecise information.

Originality/value

This study introduces a novel weighted fuzzy Risk Priority Number method validated in the risk management process of an integrated steel plant. It is the first to apply this fuzzy approach in the steel industry, demonstrating its practical effectiveness under imprecise information. The results contribute significantly to risk assessment literature and provide a benchmarking tool for improving ERM practices.
Ownership concentration and SME IPO underpricing in India – moderating impact of board monitoring and resource provision role
Authors: Arora Nischay , Singh Balwinder
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The study aims to explore how the monitoring and resource provision function of board of directors impact the association between ownership concentration and small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) initial public offering (IPO) underpricing in the context of an emerging economy like India.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample comprises 390 SME IPOs listed on Bombay Stock Exchange SME platform and National Stock Exchange EMERGE (EMERGE is the NSE new initiative for SMEs to raise the funds from investors) in India. To test the moderating impact of the board monitoring role and resource provision role, the study employs hierarchical moderated regression subject to the fulfillment of assumptions.

Findings

The findings divulge that ownership concentration significantly reduces underpricing, hinting towards the operationalization of alignment of interest hypothesis. With regards to moderating relationship, the study found that while board resource providing role negatively moderates the relationship between ownership concentration and SME IPO underpricing, board monitoring function fails to cast any significant impact on the relationship between ownership concentration and SME IPO underpricing.

Research limitations/implications

The present study ignores larger firms listed on the main platform which have complex decision-making than smaller firms. Besides, it is confined to only a single country, i.e. India. Extending the study to other countries with similar institutional characteristics would have validated the findings. Furthermore, the moderating impact of other organizational factors like firm age, lifecycle of firm and change in technology would form an interesting avenue for future research.

Practical implications

The findings of the study have practical implications for managers in designing the adequate board structure that significantly reduces underpricing. It thus further advices the issuers on focusing more on strengthening the resource provision role of board of directors for achieving higher rewards. The findings are helpful to policymakers in framing such policies that enhance the resource-oriented role of board of directors and resource accessibility for SMEs. Furthermore, the results advise the investors to be relatively assured about the SMEs whose board exercises its resource provision role emphatically. Accordingly, findings are helpful to investors in making investment decisions in alternative market settings characterized by the concentrated ownership structure.

Originality/value

The study furthers the debate on the importance of two prominent roles played by board as a moderating variable in the underexplored context of IPO underpricing of small and medium-sized firms in India.
The effectiveness of financial reward on improving the job performance of public sector employees through organisational commitment: the case of Maldives civil service employees
Authors: Sudha Aminath , Azam S.M. Ferdous , Tham Jacquline
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Though public sector organisations have continuously borrowed human resource management practices from the private sector, there seems to be sparse evidence on the effectiveness of financial rewards for public sector employees, especially in developing countries where pay remains low. Therefore, the objective of this research is to test the effectiveness of financial rewards on the job performance of those working in the Maldives civil service from the perspective of a developing country where public sector pay, especially civil pay, remains comparatively low. Additionally, this study tested the mediating effect of organisational commitment on the relationship between financial rewards and job performance.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional study was conducted using quantitative design methodology, whereby data were collected from 341 employees working in the Maldives civil service and analysed using structural equation modelling.

Findings

The findings indicate that financial rewards negatively affect civil service employees’ job performance. However, financial rewards improve organisational commitment, which reduces the negative effects, although the effect sizes of the mediator are not very significant.

Originality/value

The results of this study present critical theoretical and practical contributions to public administration researchers on using financial incentives as a mechanism to boost job performance, particularly in developing countries, where salaries and other benefits remain low. Furthermore, it presents practical recommendations for managing employees in the Maldives and other countries, where the public sector is less developed and budget constraints remain a challenge.
Determinants of financial well-being for emerging adults: the moderating effect of financial risk tolerance
Authors: Alsuwaidi Reem , Ahmad Syed Zamberi , Khalid Khalizani
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study explores the determinants of financial well-being (FW) among emerging adults and investigates the moderating role of financial risk tolerance in the relationship between financial capability and financial behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 257 useable data were collected from federal and private university students, representing Emirati emerging adults aged 18 to 29. The analysis employed a structural equation model through AMOS 17.0.

Findings

Structural modeling results show that gender, monthly expenses, financial literacy and financial socialization influence financial capability and financial capability impacts both financial behavior and FW. Financial risk tolerance moderates the relationship between financial capability and financial behavior.

Practical implications

This study offers insights useful for policymakers, industry players and educators seeking to address financial literacy, financial capability and financial behavior to enhance the FW of emerging adults.

Originality/value

The study sheds light on the intricate yet comprehensive FW model of emerging adults in a non-Western context. The study also offers a new, more complex view of the function of financial literacy and financial socialization in financial capability. Combining family financial socialization and risk-return theories in an organic viewpoint allows for a more in-depth examination of a critical distinction between the role of literacy and socialization in shaping attitude and behavior and its function as a platform for financial discourse, which can inform how educational efforts and social platforms can be leveraged to improve financial acumen and FW.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-08-2023-0668
Unveiling tourist typology: using online reviews and LDA to understand motivations for visiting Kyoto's prominent temples
Authors: Leung Rosanna , Handler Isabell
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aims to identify motivations for visiting Kyoto's prominent religious attractions using latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) text analysis of online reviews; establish linkages between push motivational factors and pull factors of the religious sites, forming distinct tourist typologies; and suggest strategies for Kyoto's destination marketing based on the findings.

Design/methodology/approach

This study analyzed 37,772 TripAdvisor reviews for Kyoto's top 25 religious sites from the pre-pandemic period (March 2020). LDA topic modeling extracts 18 underlying thematic dimensions from the review texts. Axial coding of these dimensions revealed five distinct tourist motivation typologies.

Findings

Five motivation typologies emerged: cultural seekers drawn to Japan's unique heritage, nature lovers attracted by scenic landscapes, chrono-seasonal experiencers seeking distinct seasonal views, crowd-avoiders prioritizing less congested visits and city wanderers engaging in local activities.

Practical implications

The findings offer valuable guidance for destination marketers and managers in Kyoto, enabling the development of targeted strategies to enhance visitor experiences and manage overcrowding at popular religious sites.

Originality/value

This research provides novel insights into nonreligious tourists' motivations for visiting religious sites in a crowded destination. By identifying distinct motivation-based tourist typologies, the study informs strategies for enhancing visitor experiences tailored to diverse needs, contributing to tourism literature and practical destination management.
Cost-effective task offloading and trajectory optimization in UAV assisted edge networks with DDPG
Authors: Shen Jiaqing , Bai Xu , Tu Xiaoguang , Liu Jianhua
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), known for their exceptional flexibility and maneuverability, have become an integral part of mobile edge computing systems in edge networks. This paper aims to minimize system costs within a communication cycle. To this end, this paper has developed a model for task offloading in UAV-assisted edge networks under dynamic channel conditions. This study seeks to efficiently execute task offloading while satisfying UAV energy constraints, and validates the effectiveness of the proposed method through performance comparisons with other similar algorithms.

Design/methodology/approach

To address this issue, this paper proposes a task offloading and trajectory optimization algorithm using deep deterministic policy gradient, which jointly optimizes Internet of Things (IoT) device scheduling, power distribution, task offloading and UAV flight trajectory to minimize system costs.

Findings

The analysis of simulation results indicates that this algorithm achieves lower redundancy compared to others, along with reductions in task size by 22.8%, flight time by 34.5%, number of IoT devices by 11.8%, UAV computing power by 25.35% and the required cycle for per-bit tasks by 33.6%.

Originality/value

A multi-objective optimization problem is established under dynamic channel conditions, and the effectiveness of this approach is validated.
Impact of commitment misperception on channel conflict
Authors: Pang Fanglan , Wei Ruifeng , Zhuang Guijun
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to evaluate the effect of commitment misperception on channel conflict. It highlights the importance of trust and transaction-specific investments for business marketing strategies.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper develops a concept framework to understand how the direction (overestimated vs underestimated) and extent of commitment misperception influence channel conflict. The model is tested using dyadic data from 212 distributors and manufacturers across several industries in China.

Findings

The results show that the direction of commitment misperception affects trust, transaction-specific investments and channel conflict. Overestimated commitment induces positive illusion and enhances trust and transaction-specific investments and reduces channel conflict, whereas underestimated commitment induces negative illusion and reduces trust and transaction-specific investments and enhances channel conflict. Trust and transaction-specific investments mediate the impact of the direction of commitment misperception on channel conflict. The extent of commitment misperception plays the moderating influence on the direction of commitment misperception.

Originality/value

This study reveals the mechanisms and boundary conditions by exploring the mediating influence of trust and transaction-specific investments and the moderating effects of the extent of commitment misperception.
Evolving needs of learners and role of artificial intelligence (AI) in training and development (T&D): T&D professionals' perspective
Authors: Dixit Aparna Sameer , Jatav Sunita
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The principal aim of this research is to acquire a deeper understanding of the opinion held by the training and development (T&D) professionals, regarding the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the area of T&D. Particularly in response to the evolving needs of learners, the research aims to ascertain T&D professionals' perspective on the efficiency of AI in fostering T&D, while understanding the constraints and limitations associated with this technology.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on qualitative data. With the help of semi-structured interviews, qualitative data has been collected from 21 T&D professionals. Experts working with multinational corporations (MNCs) are selected as a study sample using a convenient sampling technique. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. Conclusions were drawn based on the results of thematic analysis.

Findings

The findings of the study have revealed a notable and rapid evolution in the requirements of learners, particularly during and post-COVID-19 period. AI-based technology has emerged as a significant contributor, offering learners distinct personalised experiences and enhanced convenience. However, the implementation of AI in training remains in its early stages and has not reached widespread adoption. The findings of the study also highlighted various challenges and limitations, while using AI-based technology for training. It has been found that AI complements rather than replaces the role of a physical trainer.

Originality/value

The originality of this study lies in the application of AI-based training for professional learners, from the perspective of the T&D practitioners working with MNCs in Maharashtra, India. Numerous studies that have recently been published, emphasise the areas in which AI technology can transform the T&D industry. Yet, there are currently very less studies that have attempted to understand the evolving needs of learners and support of AI-based training for the same, from the perspective of the T&D professionals working in Maharashtra, India.
Get Simple Box – a contained case
Authors: Kelepouris Christos , Alsterhem Frida , Hetzer Delaney
Published: September 2024

Research methodology

The case study used a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative data from interviews with Ross Black and quantitative data from company financials and market reports. The analysis focused on understanding the strategic decisions, operational challenges and market positioning of Get Simple Box.

Case overview/synopsis

Get Simple Box, led by Ross Black, specializes in versatile portable storage solutions, offering container rentals, sales, modifications and delivery services across seven locations. With a focus on simplicity and essential modifications like windows and AC units, the company has generated over $10m in revenue, primarily from container sales. Using a service-oriented approach, Get Simple Box emphasizes direct local business communication and cost-effective solutions, differentiating itself from competitors. Applying Oliver Gassmann’s Magic Triangle framework, the company targets diverse customers, maintains streamlined operations and provides practical value, positioning itself strongly in the growing market for shipping container solutions.

Complexity academic level

Undergraduate Business Students in Management, Marketing and Entrepreneurship.
Local and regional processes drive distance decay in structure in a spatial multilayer plant‐pollinator network
Authors: Vitali Agustin , Goldstein Maya , Markfeld Matan , Pilosof Shai
Published: September 2024

Understanding spatial variation in species distribution and community structure is at the core of community ecology. Nevertheless, the effect of distance on metacommunity structure remains little studied. We examine how plant‐pollinator community structure changes across geographical distances at a regional scale and disentangle its underlying local and regional processes.

We use a multilayer network to represent linked plant‐pollinator communities as a metacommunity in the Canary Islands. We used modularity (i.e. the extent to which the community is partitioned into groups of densely interacting species) to quantify distance decay in structure across space. In multilayer modularity, the same species can belong to different modules in different communities, and modules can span communities. This enabled quantifying how similarity in module composition varied with distance between islands. We developed three null models, each controlling for a separate component of the multilayer network, to disentangle the role of species turnover, interaction rewiring and local factors in driving distance decay in structure.

We found a pattern of distance decay in structure, indicating that islands tended to share fewer modules with increasing distance. Species turnover (but not interaction rewiring) was the primary regional process triggering distance decay in structure. Local interaction structure also played an essential role in determining the structure similarity of communities at a regional scale. Therefore, local factors that determine species interactions occurring at a local scale drive distance decay in structure at a regional scale.

Our work highlights the interplay between local and regional processes underlying community structure. The methodology, and specifically the null models, we developed provides a general framework for linking communities in space and testing different hypotheses regarding the factors generating spatial structure.
PHANTOM REGIONS WITH PENUMBRAL BORDERS: Discussing the Palimpsest Spatialities and Hybrid Identities of Huizhou Region, China
Authors: Chen Pinyu , Zimmerbauer Kaj , Tao Ruyu , Kong Xiang
Published: September 2024

Transformation of regional identities by administrative spatial restructurings has been relatively little studied, particularly in the context of regional deinstitutionalization. This article develops further a theoretical and conceptual framework of regional identities in spatial restructurings by discussing how deinstitutionalized ‘phantom’ regions with ‘penumbral’ borders beget more hybrid spatial identities. Empirically, the focus is on the Huizhou region in China: we study the changes in regional identity generated by several spatial de‐ and reconstruction processes. Underlining hybridity, we show that, although regional identity is shifting away from territorial belonging to Huizhou in some parts of the region (e.g. Wuyuan County), cultural identification with the Huizhou region remains strong even after a long period of administrative separation. Relatedly, we point out that deinstitutionalization in the Huizhou region has not been exhaustive and its regional identity is being increasingly reconstructed in a utilitarian manner for economic purposes. Despite (and partly because of) this, a sense of regional belonging has been maintained. Regional identities associated with Huizhou are relational and, more precisely, hybrid, as they are connected to regions that are neither fully institutionalized nor deinstitutionalized but appear as multilayered palimpsests that are being transformed through processes of constant making and remaking.
Patterns in paternal and maternal filicide: A comparative analysis of filicide cases in Turkey
Authors: Özcanlı Tuba , Okur İhsan , Aksoy Poyraz Cana , Kocabaşoğlu Neşe , Aslıyüksek Hızır
Published: September 2024

Filicide is the act of a parent killing their own offspring. Previous studies indicate that there are both commonalities and distinctions between filicides committed by mothers and fathers. The main objective of this study was to compare maternal and paternal filicide with a major focus on clinical and sociodemographic features of perpetrators, incident details, and victims. Filicide cases were examined at the bedded unit of the Expertise Department of Observation of the Council of Forensic Medicine that were referred by the Turkish Ministry of Justice. A total of 51 perpetrators and 57 victims were analyzed from June 2014 to December 2023. The perpetrators were daily face‐to‐face interviewed by psychiatry and forensic medicine physicians. There were significant differences in sociodemographic characteristics and psychiatric conditions between maternal and paternal cases. Female perpetrators tended to be younger, unemployed, mostly targeted younger victims and used asphyxiation to kill, whereas males tended to target older victims and utilized firearms. The most common primary cause of filicide in maternal cases was “unwanted pregnancy,” whereas “spousal revenge” and “anger or impulsivity” were predominant in paternal filicides. All perpetrators who were not criminally responsible were mothers, mostly diagnosed with psychotic depression. Unwanted pregnancy, psychotic depression, and postpartum psychosis should be assessed when evaluating risk for mothers, especially for infanticide. The desire for revenge on a spouse, often seen with personality disorders, impulsivity and anger, access to firearms should be screened for risk of paternal filicide, particularly in older victims. Early recognition of these factors can help in implementing prevention strategies.
Unwrapping the immunological alterations in testicular germ cell tumors: From immune homeostasis to malignancy and emerging immunotherapies
Authors: Farahani Hadiseh , Darvishvand Reza , Khademolhosseini Aida , Erfani Nasrollah
Published: September 2024

Background

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs), derived from primordial germ cells, are rare malignancies with high curative potential. However, the emergence of new evidence indicating that 15% of patients experience tumor progression, leading to death, underscores the need for innovative therapeutics.

Objectives

This review aimed to explore the immune status in maintaining testicular health and the immune‐related aspects of malignancy. Furthermore, it presents an overview of current data on the use of immunotherapy for TGCT patients.

Results and Discussion

Recent advances in immunology have opened a promising avenue for studying diseases and highlighted its role in treating diseases. While the immunopathological facets of TGCTs are not fully understood, investigations suggest a complex interplay among testis‐resident immune cells, testis‐specific cells (i.e., Sertoli cells (SCs) and Leydig cells (LCs)), and immune‐regulating mediators (e.g., sex hormones) in the normal testicle that foster the testicular immune privilege (TIP). Although TIP plays a crucial role in sperm production, it also makes testis vulnerable to tumor development. In the context of cancer‐related inflammation, disruption of TIP leads to an imbalanced immune response, resulting in chronic inflammation that can contribute to testicular tissue dysfunction or loss, potentially aiding in cancer invasion and progression.

Conclusion

Comparing the immune profiles of normal and malignant testes is valuable and may provide insights into different aspects of testicular immunity and immune‐based treatment approaches. For patients resistant to chemotherapy and with a poor prognosis, immunotherapy has shown promising results. However, its effectiveness in treating resistant TGCTs or preventing tumor recurrence is still uncertain.
Romantic and sexual relationships of young adults born very preterm: An individual participant data meta‐analysis
Authors: Mendonça Marina , Ni Yanyan , Baumann Nicole , Darlow Brian A. , Horwood John , Doyle Lex W. , Cheong Jeanie L. Y. , Anderson Peter J. , Bartmann Peter , Marlow Neil , Johnson Samantha , Kajantie Eero , Hovi Petteri , Nosarti Chiara , Indredavik Marit S. , Evensen Kari Anne I. , Räikkönen Katri , Heinonen Kati , van der Pal Sylvia , Woodward Lianne J. , Harris Sarah , Eves Robert , Wolke Dieter
Published: September 2024

Aim

To compare romantic and sexual relationships between adults born very preterm (VP; <32 weeks of gestation) or with very low birth weight (VLBW; <1500 g) and at term, and to evaluate potential biological and environmental explanatory factors among VP/VLBW participants.

Methods

This individual participant data (IPD) meta‐analysis included longitudinal studies assessing romantic and sexual relationships in adults (mean sample age ≥ 18 years) born VP/VLBW compared with term‐born controls. Following PRISMA‐IPD guidelines, 11 of the 13 identified cohorts provided IPD from 1606 VP/VLBW adults and 1659 term‐born controls. IPD meta‐analyses were performed using one‐stage approach.

Results

Individuals born VP/VLBW were less likely to be in a romantic relationship (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.31–0.76), to be married/cohabiting (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.53–0.92), or to have had sexual intercourse (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.09–0.36) than term‐born adults. If sexually active, VP/VLBW participants were more likely to experience their first sexual intercourse after the age of 18 years (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.24–3.01) than term‐born adults. Among VP/VLBW adults, males, and those with neurosensory impairment were least likely to experience romantic relationships.

Conclusions

These findings reflect less optimal social functioning and may have implications for socioeconomic and health outcomes of adults born VP/VLBW.
Letter: Beyond advanced fibrosis—The critical need for assessing NITs performance in identifying F2‐F3 fibrosis. Authors' reply
Authors: McPherson Stuart , Dyson Jessica K. , Jopson Laura , Masson Steven , Patel Preya , Anstee Quentin M.
Published: September 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to McPherson et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18061 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18171.
Long‐term outcomes in children with riboflavin transporter deficiency and surveillance recommendations
Authors: Fennessy Jack R. , Cornett Kayla M. D. , Donlevy Gabrielle A. , Mckay Marnee J. , Burns Joshua , Menezes Manoj P.
Published: September 2024

The aim of this longitudinal case series was to describe long‐term functional outcome in a group of individuals with riboflavin transporter deficiency (RTD) treated with high‐dose oral riboflavin. Data were collected between 2012 to 2022. Eleven individuals with RTD were assessed at 12‐month intervals for monitoring of disease progression. Patients had commenced high‐dose oral riboflavin from the time of genetic diagnosis. Individuals for whom riboflavin supplementation was initiated early after disease onset had better outcomes compared to those in whom diagnosis was delayed. Despite ongoing riboflavin supplementation, the Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease Pediatric Scale (CMTPedS) total score and the subitems of balance and the 6‐Minute Walk Test distance as well as respiratory function worsened, while grip strength improved. There was evidence of improvement in hearing loss and optic atrophy limited to the first 12 months of treatment. While treatment with riboflavin slowed disease progression, patients were left with residual disability. To track disease progression and response to riboflavin supplementation over time, we recommend using the RTD Pediatric Scale and provide a list of clinical measures for regular surveillance of children with RTD.
Replies to Nicholas Walker, Taylor Carman, and Peter Gordon
Authors: Macdonald Iain
Published: September 2024

In what follows, I present my replies to Nicholas Walker, Taylor Carman, and Peter Gordon's reflections on my What Would Be Different? Figures of Possibility in Adorno. I begin by summarizing what is at stake in the book. My reply to Nicholas Walker and Taylor Carman focusses on Adorno's criticisms of Heidegger, who claims that the history of metaphysics has blocked our access to an “other beginning” for thinking. This prepares the ground for a comparison of Adorno's and Heidegger's notions of what I call “blocked possibility.” My reply to Peter Gordon clarifies the relation of “blocked possibility” to actuality and, more specifically, to the actuality of happiness in Adorno's writings.