bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Food Expenditure Pattern of Nepalese Households Using Engel Curves
Authors: Khanal Bishu , Banskota Kamal , Giri Dhiraj
Published: September 2018

The study examined the effects of demographic and non-demographic factors like income, family size, rural/urban location of household and gender of household head on consumption expenditure across 9 different food commodities. To analyze the food consumption behavior of Nepalese households National Living Standard Survey (NLSS) over two years 1995/96 and 2010/11 have been used. This study found that there have been significant changes in food consumption pattern in Nepal during these two periods. Food budget share of a household has declined over time. Budget share of cereals and pulses has shifted towards other food items such as fruits, vegetables, meat, dairy products and other miscellaneous food items. Result also shows that lower income households have higher expenditure elasticities of food compared to higher income households. Similarly, rural households have higher expenditure elasticities of food compared to urban households. For male and female headed households, expenditure elasticities are almost similar for major food categories. Diseconomies of scale are found in food expenditure as an additional family member would increase additional expenditure on food. The findings of this study are significant as they would serve as important policy guidelines and basis for further studies.

Journal of Business and Social Sciences Research, Vol. 2, No. 1 & 2, pp. 27-46
Kurzpulslaserbearbeitung unterschiedlicher Hartmetallsorten
Authors: Gutwein Stefan , Kirsch Benjamin , Herrmann Thomas , Derouach Hicham , Aurich Jan C.
Published: September 2018

Kurzfassung

Als Alternative zu konventionellen mechanischen Verfahren zur Schneidkantenpräparation an Hartmetall-Werkzeugen wird in diesem Beitrag die Kurzpulslasertechnologie betrachtet. Basierend auf der Untersuchung relevanter Parameter werden ein geeigneter Fluenzbereich für die Bearbeitung unterschiedlicher Hartmetallsorten sowie der Einfluss der Pulsüberlappung auf die Oberflächen- und Randzoneneigenschaften an der Bearbeitungsstelle ermittelt. Diese Erkenntnisse dienen der effizienteren Prozessgestaltung und der Gewährleistung stabil präparierter Schneidkanten.
Trochoide Fräsbearbeitung mit Industrierobotern
Authors: Uhlmann Eckart , Reinkober Sascha , Hoffmann Martin , Käpernick Peer
Published: September 2018

Kurzfassung

Der hohe Bedarf an einer dynamischen und kundenindividuellen Produktion rückt die Flexibilität von Produktionssystemen zunehmend in den Fokus. Industrieroboter leisten heute einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur Befriedigung dieses Bedarfes. Obwohl sie in der Handhabung bereits Stand der Technik sind, finden sie in der mechanischen Fertigung, nach wie vor nur selten Anwendung. Das Trochoidfräsen bietet ein Potenzial zur Steigerung der Zerspanleistung Pc [1, 2]. Diese hochdynamische Frässtrategie erzeugt deutlich geringere Schnittkräfte Fc als konventionelles Fräsen und steigert gleichzeitig das Zeitspanvolumen Qw [2, 3, 4].
Diachronic Interpretation of Nostratic Etymon *wol[a] Based on Proto-Indo-European *(e)wel- (Gr hw- / ew-) and Proto-Altaic *ulu (~ -o) Forms (According to S. A. Starostin’s Version)
Authors: Kapranov Y. V.
Published: September 2018

The article represents the diachronic interpretation of the Nostratic *wol[a] verified by S. A. Starostin on the Proto-Indo-European *(e) wel- (Gr hw- / ew-) and Proto-Altaic *ulu (~ -o). These data were taken for analysis from the International Etymological Database Project “The Tower of Babel”. The notion of etymon in general and the Nostratic one in particular have been specified. The Nostratic etymon is understood as a phonomorphological and semantic complex that is interpreted based on the reconstructed etymons at the level of every language family.The following data has been demonstrated: using the comparative-historical method, the etymologist-macrocomparatist performed the external reconstruction of the Proto-Indo-European *(e) wel- (Gr hw- / ew-) “great number; to heap” made on Proto-Tocharian *w'ältse; Ancient Greek *ẹ̄́lomai̯ (ẹ̄lómeno, ẹ̄lésthō), *wáli-; Proto-Slavic *velьmi, -ma; *velьjь, *velīkъ; *vālъ, *vālovъ, *vālī́tī; Proto-Baltic *wal-ī̂-, performed with the help of internal reconstruction, as well as the Proto-Altaic *ulu (~ -o) “big, many; good” made on Proto-Turkic *ulug; Proto-Mongol *olon; Proto-Tungus-Manchu *ule-; Proto-Korean *ōr-. The procedural operations of S. A. Starostin performed with the use of the method of diachronic interpretation have been commented. It helped to assume that the Proto-Language forms of etymons at the level of the language family reach the Nostratic *wol[a]. This made it possible to establish and substantiate the degrees of language relationship between the reconstructed etymons of the two language families and the Nostratic etymon: within the Indo-European language family the following degrees have been registered: trivial – between the Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Slavic; notable – between the Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Tocharian, Ancient Greek, Proto-Slavic and Proto-Baltic; within the the Altaic language family: trivial – between the Proto-Altaic and Proto-Turkic; notable – between the Proto-Altaic and Proto-Tungus-Manchu; distant – between the Proto-Altaic and Proto-Mongol, Proto-Korean.
The Missing Dimension in the Built Environment
Authors: Zrudlo Leo
Published: September 2018

This article addresses architects, planners, and developers but should also interest any other professionals involved in the creation of the built environment. It begins by stating that the built environment is principally made up of buildings and groupings of buildings. Therefore, architecture and urban design are the major focus of the article. Definitions of architecture are then presented from a variety of authors and architects. An argument is made thatthere actually is a missing dimension in the built environment illustrated by quotations from architects, architectural theorists, amid critics. It becomes evident that architecture is unable to satisfy the emotional and aesthetic needs of people and also that the profession itself, which admits that modern architecture has created bleak and insensitive environments, is in profound disagreement on how to rectify the situation. Under the heading “Architecture–The Object” arguments for and against different architectural movements or stylistic tendencies are highlighted by quotations from the proponents of tile various styles and theories. A similar approach is taken for cities under the heading “Urban Design–The Juxtaposition of Objects.” The fact that something is missing from architectural and city design is concluded, and examples of a preoccupation for the spiritual aspect of architecture and urban design are used to illustrate this growing concern for a dimension that has been much neglected in tile previous several decades. The notion of “spiritual” is then defined, followed by a list of spiritual qualities. Two important principles, unity in diversity and consultation are discussed before presenting some concluding thoughts on how the designers of the built environment can begin finding ways of infusing their designs with a spiritual dimension.
Bahá’u’lláh as “World Reformer”
Authors: Buck Christopher
Published: September 2018

Vindicating the mission of the Persian reformer known as the Báb (d. 1850) Bahá’u’lláh’s Book of Certitude (1862) focused on spiritual authority from an Islamic perspective. In this work, a subtext may be discerned, in which Bahá’u’lláh intimates his own mission in the same terms of reference. Later, in his epistles to the monarchs of Europe and West Asia (1866–1869), Bahá’u’lláh exercised that authority and spoke of world reform. This article places Bahá’u’lláh in the context of Islamic reform, with particular reference to the advocacy of constitutional democracy by prominent Iranian secularists. In an ideological ether pervaded by “Westoxication,” Bahá’u’lláh sought to reverse the direction of Western influence. Bahá’u’lláh prosecuted his own reforms in three stages: Bábí reform; Persian reform; and world reform. In the centrifugal sequence, Bahá’u’lláh is shown to have bypassed Islamic reform altogether in his professed role as “World Reformer.”
Bahá’u’lláh’s Influence on the New York School of Painting
Authors: Woodman Ross
Published: September 2018

As members of the New York School of painters, Barnett Newman and Mark Rothko announced not only the passing away of an entire creation but also the bringing forth of a new one. Though unaware that they were living and painting in the City of the Covenant whose light would one day rise from darkness and decay to envelop the world even as their painting of light consciously arose from the void of a blank canvas, Newman’s and Rothko’s work may nevertheless be best understood as a powerful first evidence of what Bahá’u’lláh called “the rising Orb of Divine Revelation, from behind the veil of concealment.” Their work may yet find its true spiritual location in the spiritual city founded by ‘Abdu’l-Bahá on his visit to New York in 1912.
Pelaksanaan Pendidikan Holistik-Integratif dalam Pelayanan Kebutuhan Dasar Anak Usia Dini di Kabupaten Mamuju Sulawesi-Barat
Authors: Hajati Kartika
Published: September 2018

Pemenuhan kebutuhan dasar anak secara utuh, simultan, dan berkesinambungan dalam keterpaduan (Holistik Integratif) perlu dilakukan sejak dini dalam rangka menciptakan sumber daya manusia bermutu.  Tujuan penelitian ini memperoleh deskripsi: 1) Kondisi sasaran Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini  Holistik Integratif (PAUD HI) dan akses anak usia dini dalam memperoleh kebutuhan dasarnya, 2) Kondisi mutu layanan dan kelembagaan Bina Keluarga Balita (BKB)-Posyandu-PAUD 3) Faktor pendukung dan penghambat pelaksanaan layanan terpadu BKB-Posyandu-PAUD dan 4) Upaya mengatasi hambatan dalam pelaksanaan layanan terpadu BKB-Posyandu-PAUD dalam rangka implementasi program  PAUD HI di Kabupaten Mamuju Provinsi Sulawesi Barat. Objeknya kelompok PAUD SIOLA (Stimulasi Intervensi Optimalisasi Layanan Anak), yakni kelompok PAUD yang merupakan lembaga pemberi layanan BKB-Posyandu-PAUD dan Lembaga Keuangan Mikro (LKM). Incidental sampling diterapkan dalam penentuan sampel. Data dikumpulkan melalui metode observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Jumlah keseluruhan anak usia dini di Kabupaten Mamuju 20.217 orang, 8.172 anak  terlayani dan 12.045 anak belum terlayani. Adapun mereka yang terlayani di PAUD dan  teridentifikasi sebagai anak berusia 0-6 tahun sejumlah 6.451 anak. Berdasarkan angka tersebut dapat diketahui Angka Partisipasi Kasar (APK) anak usia dini baru mencapai 40,42% (rendah), Proporsi anak usia dini yang bersekolah tepat waktu pun masih rendah, dilihat dari Angka Partisipasi Murni (APM)-nya baru mencapai 31,91%. Ini mengindikasikan program-program yang ditujukan guna memperluas kesempatan bagi penduduk anak usia dini di Kabupaten Mamuju untuk mengenyam pendidikan, belum menunjukkan keberhasilan. Termasuk didalamnya, program PAUD Holistik Integratif SIOLA yang telah digulirkan sejak tahun 2012. Mutu layanan dan kelembagaan BKB-Posyandu-PAUD Holistik Integratif dalam rangka pelayanan kebutuhan dasar anak usia dini di Kabupaten Mamuju masih rendah. Terdapat faktor pendukung pelaksanaan layanan terpadu BKB-Posyandu-PAUD dalam rangka implementasi program PAUD HI di Kabupaten Mamuju Provinsi Sulawesi Barat, yang perlu ditingkatkan pemberdayaannya. Terdapat sejumlah faktor penghambatnya yang  meski telah dilakukan upaya mengatasinya, namun belum menunjukkan hasil yang sesuai harapan. Olehnya, perlu terus dilakukan kajian/penelitian menyangkut pelaksanaan PAUD HI di Kabupaten Mamuju, agar ditemukan alternatif solutif guna mengatasi masalah yang dihadapi PAUD HI di Kabupaten Mamuju, Provinsi Sulawesi Barat. Penelitian yang direkomendasikan adalah penelitian yang dapat menghasilkan desain pengembangan anak usia dini terpadu holistik-integratif untuk tingkat Provinsi Sulawesi Barat yang memiliki tingkat keterterimaan tinggi, demikian halnya dengan peluang efektifitasnya. Penelitian demikian dimungkinkan terwujud dengan ancangan penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development - R&D).
Righting Names
Authors: Sinclair Rebekah
Published: September 2018

Controlling the names of places, environments, and species is one way in which settler colonial ontologies delimit the intelligibility of ecological relations, Indigenous peoples, and environmental injustices. To counter this, this article amplifies the voices of Native American scholars and foregrounds a philosophical account of Indigenous naming. First, I explore some central characteristics of Indigenous ontology, epistemic virtue, and ethical responsibility, setting the stage for how Native naming draws these elements together into a complete, robust philosophy. Then I point toward leading
but contingent principles of Native naming, foregrounding how Native names emerge from and create communities by situating (rather than individuating) the beings that
they name within kinship structures, including human and nonhuman agents. Finally, I outline why and how Indigenous names and the knowledges they contain are crucial for both resisting settler violence and achieving environmental justice, not only for Native Americans, but for their entire animate communities.
ANALISIS KORELASI PENERASI PENGGUNAAN INTERNET DI BEBERAPA NEGARA DENGAN KUALITAS SDM DAN PENDAPATAN PERKAPITA NEGARA
Authors: Irwanto Bpk
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubunganantara besar penetrasi penggunaan internet di beberapa negaradengan kualitas sumber daya manusia (SDM) dan pendapatanperkapita negara. Hal ini untuk memberikan informasi bahwakemajuan suatu negara tidak lepas dari peran teknologi informasisalah satunya internet dalam memberikan kontribusi padaterciptanya SDM yang berkualitas sehingga kemudian akanmampu meningkatkan pendapatan perkapita negara. Penelitianini merupakan jenis penelitian ex-post facto dengan menggunakanmetode survey melalui pendekatan desain penelitian korelasionalkuantitatif. Subyek penelitian ini adalah 20 negara yang terdiridari 11 negara anggota ASEAN, Amerika Serikat, Jepang, China,Korea Selatan, India, Inggris, Francis, Mesir, dan Afrika Selatan.Dengan taraf signifikansi 0,05, hasil penelitian menunjukkanadanya hubungan yang signifikan antara penetrasi penggunaaninternet dengan kualitas SDM negara dengan angka korelasi 0,924dan dengan kontribusi signifikansi (R Square) sebesar 84,7%.Persamaan regresi yang terbentuk Y= 0,58 + 0,004X. Hasilpenelitian juga menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikanantara penetrasi penggunaan internet negara dengan pendapatanperkapita negara dengan nilai koefisien korelasi Pearsonmenunjukkan angka 0,92 dan dengan kontribusi signifikansi (RSquare) sebesar 83,8%. Hasil penelitian juga mengatakan bahwapersamaan garis regresi yang terbentuk adalah Y= 151,688-1,616X
A 10 month old girl with fever and cough
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Mizanur , Moin Sifat-E- , Saha Debashish
Published: September 2018

This article has no abstract. The first 100 words appear below:
A 10 month old baby girl, hailing from the Cumilla (a city in the Chattogram Division), Bangladesh was brought to the Department of Hematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Dhaka Cantonment, Dhaka, Bangladesh with the complaints of fever and cough for the last seven days. With these complaints, the parents initially took the child to a local child specialist. The child specialist gave initial supportive medications and advised to investigate the complete blood count, urine routine and microscopic examination and Widal test. After 2 days, the parents again took the baby to the child specialist for reviewing the child and to show the investigations result.
Study of Precipitation Forecast Based on Deep Belief Networks
Authors: Du Jinglin , Liu Yayun , Liu Zhijun
Published: September 2018

Due to the impact of weather forecasting on global human life, and to better reflect the current trend of weather changes, it is necessary to conduct research about the prediction of precipitation and provide timely and complete precipitation information for climate prediction and early warning decisions to avoid serious meteorological disasters. For the precipitation prediction problem in the era of climate big data, we propose a new method based on deep learning. In this paper, we will apply deep belief networks in weather precipitation forecasting. Deep belief networks transform the feature representation of data in the original space into a new feature space, with semantic features to improve the predictive performance. The experimental results show, compared with other forecasting methods, the feasibility of deep belief networks in the field of weather forecasting.
Phenoxymethylpenicillin Versus Amoxicillin for Infections in Ambulatory Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: Skarpeid Philip Lawrence , Høye Sigurd
Published: September 2018

Most antibiotics are prescribed in primary care, and commonly for respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Narrow-spectrum phenoxymethylpenicillin is the antibiotic of choice for RTIs in the Scandinavian countries, while broader spectrum amoxicillin is used in most other European countries. This review summarizes the knowledge of the effect of phenoxymethylpenicillin versus amoxicillin for infections treated in ambulatory care. We searched PubMed/Medline and Embase for trials comparing the clinical effect of phenoxymethylpenicillin and amoxicillin. The Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services’ checklist was used to assess risk of bias. In total, 1687 studies were identified, and 18 of these fulfilled the inclusion criteria. One additional study was found as a reference. The randomized controlled trials revealed no significant differences in clinical effect in acute sinusitis (three RCTs), GAS tonsillitis (11 RCTs) and Lyme borreliosis (two RCTs). One RCT on community-acquired pneumonia found amoxicillin to be superior, while the results were conflicting in the two RCTs on acute otitis. The results suggest that non-Scandinavian countries should consider phenoxymethylpenicillin as the treatment of choice for RTIs because of its narrower spectrum. More studies should be conducted on the clinical effect of phenoxymethylpenicillin versus amoxicillin for acute otitis and lower RTIs.
Understanding the Demographic Predictors and Associated Comorbidities in Children Hospitalized with Conduct Disorder
Authors: Patel Rikinkumar S. , Amaravadi Neelima , Bhullar Harkeerat , Lekireddy Jay , Win Honey
Published: September 2018

Objective: To determine the demographic predictors and comorbidities in hospitalized children with conduct disorder. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2012–2014). All patients were ≤18 years old and cases with a primary diagnosis of conduct disorder (n = 32,345), and a comparison group with another psychiatric diagnosis (n = 410,479) were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM)diagnosis codes. A logistic regression model was used to generate the odds ratio (OR) between both groups. Results: Children < 11 years old have a five times greater chance of admission for conduct disorder than adolescents (OR = 5.339). African American males are more likely to be admitted for conduct disorder. Children with conduct disorder from low-income families have a 1.5 times higher likelihood of inpatient admission compared to high-income families. These children have an about eleven times higher odds of comorbid psychosis (OR = 11.810) and seven times higher odds of depression (OR = 7.093) compared to the comparison group. Conclusion: Conduct disorders are more debilitating for children and families than many providers realize. African American males under 11 years are at the highest risk of inpatient management for conduct disorder. These patients have a higher risk of comorbid psychosis and depression, which may further deteriorate the severity of illness and require acute inpatient care.
Cariprazine, A Dopamine D2/D3 Receptor Partial Agonist, Modulates ABCG2-Mediated Multidrug Resistance in Cancer
Authors: Hussein Noor , Ashby Charles R. , Amawi Haneen , Nyinawabera Angelique , Vij Atul , Khare Vishwa M. , Karthikeyan Chandrabose , Tiwari Amit K.
Published: September 2018

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a continuing clinical problem that limits the efficacy of chemotherapy in cancer. The over expression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family G2 (ABCG2) transporter is one of the main mechanisms that mediates MDR in cancer. Molecular modeling data indicated that cariprazine, a dopamine D2/D3 receptor partial agonist, had a significant binding affinity for ABCG2 transporter with a Glide XP score of −6.515. Therefore, in this in vitro study, we determined the effect of cariprazine on MDR resulting from the overexpression of ABCG2 transporters. Alone, cariprazine, at concentrations up to 20 μM, did not significantly decrease cell viability. Cariprazine, at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 μM, did not significantly alter the cytotoxicity of mitoxantrone (MX) in the parental non-small cell cancer cell line, H460 and colon cancer cell S1. However, cariprazine (1–20 μM) significantly enhanced the efficacy of ABCG2 substrate antineoplastic drug MX in the ABCG2-overexpressing MDR cell line, H460-MX20 and S1M1-80, by reducing the resistance fold from 28 to 1 and from 93 to 1.33, respectively. Cariprazine, in a concentration-dependent (1–20 μM), significantly increased the intracellular accumulation of Rhodamine 123 in S1M1-80. Interestingly, 10 or 20 μM of cariprazine significantly decreased the expression levels of the ABCG2 protein in the colon and lung cancer cell lines, suggesting that cariprazine inhibits both the function and expression of ABCG2 transporters at nontoxic concentrations. Overall, our results suggest that cariprazine, via several distinct mechanisms, can resensitize resistant cancer cells to mitoxantrone.
Beyond Capricornia: Tropical Sea Slugs (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia) Extend Their Distributions into the Tasman Sea
Authors: Nimbs Matt J. , Smith Stephen D. A.
Published: September 2018

There is increasing evidence of poleward migration of a broad range of taxa under the influence of a warming ocean. However, patchy research effort, the lack of pre-existing baseline data, and taxonomic uncertainty for some taxa means that unambiguous interpretation of observations is often difficult. Here, we propose that heterobranch sea slugs provide a useful target group for monitoring shifts in distribution. As many sea slugs are highly colourful, popular with underwater photographers and rock-pool ramblers, and found in accessible habitats, they provide an ideal target for citizen scientist programs, such as the Sea Slug Census. This maximises our ability to rapidly gain usable diversity and distributional data. Here, we review records of recent range extensions by tropical species into the subtropical and temperate waters of eastern Australia and document, for the first time in Australian waters, observations of three tropical species of sea slug as well as range extensions for a further six to various locations in the Tasman Sea.
Gridded Population Maps Informed by Different Built Settlement Products
Authors: Reed Fennis J. , Gaughan Andrea E. , Stevens Forrest R. , Yetman Greg , Sorichetta Alessandro , Tatem Andrew J.
Published: September 2018

The spatial distribution of humans on the earth is critical knowledge that informs many disciplines and is available in a spatially explicit manner through gridded population techniques. While many approaches exist to produce specialized gridded population maps, little has been done to explore how remotely sensed, built-area datasets might be used to dasymetrically constrain these estimates. This study presents the effectiveness of three different high-resolution built area datasets for producing gridded population estimates through the dasymetric disaggregation of census counts in Haiti, Malawi, Madagascar, Nepal, Rwanda, and Thailand. Modeling techniques include a binary dasymetric redistribution, a random forest with a dasymetric component, and a hybrid of the previous two. The relative merits of these approaches and the data are discussed with regards to studying human populations and related spatially explicit phenomena. Results showed that the accuracy of random forest and hybrid models was comparable in five of six countries.
A Forecasting Model Based on High-Order Fluctuation Trends and Information Entropy
Authors: Guan Hongjun , Dai Zongli , Guan Shuang , Zhao Aiwu
Published: September 2018

Most existing high-order prediction models abstract logical rules that are based on historical discrete states without considering historical inconsistency and fluctuation trends. In fact, these two characteristics are important for describing historical fluctuations. This paper proposes a model based on logical rules abstracted from historical dynamic fluctuation trends and the corresponding inconsistencies. In the logical rule training stage, the dynamic trend states of up and down are mapped to the two dimensions of truth-membership and false-membership of neutrosophic sets, respectively. Meanwhile, information entropy is employed to quantify the inconsistency of a period of history, which is mapped to the indeterminercy-membership of the neutrosophic sets. In the forecasting stage, the similarities among the neutrosophic sets are employed to locate the most similar left side of the logical relationship. Therefore, the two characteristics of the fluctuation trends and inconsistency assist with the future forecasting. The proposed model extends existing high-order fuzzy logical relationships (FLRs) to neutrosophic logical relationships (NLRs). When compared with traditional discrete high-order FLRs, the proposed NLRs have higher generality and handle the problem caused by the lack of rules. The proposed method is then implemented to forecast Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weighted Stock Index and Heng Seng Index. The experimental conclusions indicate that the model has stable prediction ability for different data sets. Simultaneously, comparing the prediction error with other approaches also proves that the model has outstanding prediction accuracy and universality.
Power Law Behaviour in Complex Systems
Authors: Lopes António M. , Machado J. A. Tenreiro
Published: September 2018

n/a
Dynamic Placement Analysis of Wind Power Generation Units in Distribution Power Systems
Authors: Baghayipour Mohammad , Hajizadeh Amin , Shahirinia Amir , Chen Zhe
Published: September 2018

The placement problem of distributed generators (DGs) in distribution networks becomes much more complicated in the case of using the DGs with renewable energy resources. Due to several reasons such as, their intermittent output powers, the interactions between DGs and the rest of the distribution network, and considering other involved uncertainties are very vital. This paper develops a new approach for optimal placement of wind energy based DGs (WDGs) in which all of such influences are carefully handled. The proposed method considers the time variations of dynamic nodal demands, nodal voltage magnitudes, and wind speed in the WDG placement process simultaneously. Thereby, an accurate dynamic model of the active and reactive powers injected by the WDG to the system is employed in which the interactions between the WDG and the distribution network are well regarded. Finally, simulation results are given to show the capability of the proposed approach. As it is demonstrated in the numerical analysis of the radial 33-bus distribution test network, the proposed placement algorithm can efficiently determine the optimal bus for connecting the WDG and is suitable for real applications.
Distribution Grids Fault Location employing ST based Optimized Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Shafiullah Md , Abido M. A. , Abdel-Fattah Taher
Published: September 2018

Precise information of fault location plays a vital role in expediting the restoration process, after being subjected to any kind of fault in power distribution grids. This paper proposed the Stockwell transform (ST) based optimized machine learning approach, to locate the faults and to identify the faulty sections in the distribution grids. This research employed the ST to extract useful features from the recorded three-phase current signals and fetches them as inputs to different machine learning tools (MLT), including the multilayer perceptron neural networks (MLP-NN), support vector machines (SVM), and extreme learning machines (ELM). The proposed approach employed the constriction-factor particle swarm optimization (CF-PSO) technique, to optimize the parameters of the SVM and ELM for their better generalization performance. Hence, it compared the obtained results of the test datasets in terms of the selected statistical performance indices, including the root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), percent bias (PBIAS), RMSE-observations to standard deviation ratio (RSR), coefficient of determination (R2), Willmott’s index of agreement (WIA), and Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSEC) to confirm the effectiveness of the developed fault location scheme. The satisfactory values of the statistical performance indices, indicated the superiority of the optimized machine learning tools over the non-optimized tools in locating faults. In addition, this research confirmed the efficacy of the faulty section identification scheme based on overall accuracy. Furthermore, the presented results validated the robustness of the developed approach against the measurement noise and uncertainties associated with pre-fault loading condition, fault resistance, and inception angle.
Building a Community of Users for Open Market Energy
Authors: Ferreira Joao C. , Martins Ana Lucia
Published: September 2018

Energy markets are based on energy transactions with a central control entity, where the players are companies. In this research work, we propose an IoT (Internet of Things) system for the accounting of energy flows, as well as a blockchain approach to overcome the need for a central control entity. This allows for the creation of local energy markets to handle distributed energy transactions without needing central control. In parallel, the system aggregates users into communities with target goals and creates new markets for players. These two approaches (blockchain and IoT) are brought together using a gamification approach, allowing for the creation and maintenance of a community for electricity market participation based on pre-defined goals. This community approach increases the number of market players and creates the possibility of traditional end users earning money through small coordinated efforts. We apply this approach to the aggregation of batteries from electrical vehicles so that they become a player in the spinning reserve market. It is also possible to apply this approach to local demand flexibility, associated with the demand response (DR) concept. DR is aggregated to allow greater flexibility in the regulation market based on an OpenADR approach that allows the turning on and off of predefined equipment to handle local microgeneration.
Stress and Deformation Analysis of Buried Gas Pipelines Subjected to Buoyancy in Liquefaction Zones
Authors: Xia Mengying , Zhang Hong
Published: September 2018

Buried pipelines are the main means of long distance transportation of natural gas. These pipelines are in high risk crossing liquefaction areas due to large deformations and stresses that may exist in pipe induced by the buoyancy load. In this study, a systematic analytical and numerical analysis were performed to investigate the mechanical behavior of a buried gas pipeline subjected to buoyancy in liquefaction areas. Soil constraints on pipe were considered accurately in the proposed models through soil spring assumptions. Effects of axial forces on pipe’s bending deformation were also considered via the governing equations for beam under bending and tension. Deformation compatibility condition was utilized to derive the axial forces in pipe. The accuracy of the proposed analytical model was validated by comparing its results with those derived by an established rigorous finite element model. In addition, parametric analysis was finally performed using the analytical model to study the influences of pipe diameter, pipe wall thickness, soil spring stiffness and width of liquefaction zone on pipe’s mechanical responses. This study can be referenced in the strength analysis and performance based safety evaluation of buried gas pipelines crossing liquefaction areas.
Effects of Pure and Mixed Autochthonous Torulaspora delbrueckii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Fermentation and Volatile Compounds of Narince Wines
Authors: Arslan Ebru , Çelik Zeynep Dilan , Cabaroğlu Turgut
Published: September 2018

The cultivar of Narince is a native white grape variety of Vitis vinifera, grown in Tokat city, the Mid-Black Sea Region of Anatolia. In this study, the effects of pure and mixed autochthonous Torulaspora delbrueckii-214 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae-1088 cultures on the fermentation behavior and aroma compounds of Narince wines were investigated. Volatile compounds formed in wines were extracted using a liquid–liquid extraction method and determined by GC-MS-FID. Narince grape must was fermented in duplicate, under the following three conditions. Two pure cultures of T. delbrueckii-214 and S. cerevisiae-1088 and a mixture of T. delbrueckii-214 and S. cerevisiae-1088 (1:1). The presence of the non-Saccharomyces T. delbrueckii-214 yeast slowed down the fermentation and produced a lower level of ethanol and a higher levels of glycerol and volatile acid. Only the pure culture of T. delbrueckii-214 was unable to finish fermentation. On the other hand, mixed culture fermentation improved the aroma intensity and complexity of wine due to increased levels of higher alcohols and esters. According to sensory analysis, wine fermented with mixed culture was the most preferred wine followed by wine inoculated with pure S. cerevisiae-1088. This study confirms the role of T. delbrueckii in wine aroma and the potential of non-Saccharomyces use in winemaking.
A Comparative Study of a 3D Bioprinted Gelatin-Based Lattice and Rectangular-Sheet Structures
Authors: Anil Kumar Shweta , Tasnim Nishat , Dominguez Erick , Allen Shane , Suggs Laura J. , Ito Yoshihiro , Joddar Binata
Published: September 2018

3D bioprinting holds great promise in the field of regenerative medicine as it can create complex structures in a layer-by-layer manner using cell-laden bioinks, making it possible to imitate native tissues. Current bioinks lack both high printability and biocompatibility required in this respect. Hence, the development of bioinks that exhibit both properties is needed. In our previous study, a furfuryl-gelatin-based bioink, crosslinkable by visible light, was used for creating mouse mesenchymal stem cell-laden structures with a high fidelity. In this study, lattice mesh geometries were printed in a comparative study to test against the properties of a traditional rectangular-sheet. After 3D printing and crosslinking, both structures were analysed for swelling and rheological properties, and their porosity was estimated using scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the lattice structure was relatively more porous with enhanced rheological properties and exhibited a lower degradation rate compared to the rectangular-sheet. Further, the lattice allowed cells to proliferate to a greater extent compared to the rectangular-sheet, which initially retained a lower number of cells. All of these results collectively affirmed that the lattice poses as a superior scaffold design for tissue engineering applications.
The Influence of Crude Oil on Mechanistic Detachment Rate Parameters
Authors: Hasan Manar B. , Al-Madhhachi Abdul-Sahib T.
Published: September 2018

Iraqi soil contamination greatly influenced soil detachment. Previous researchers have not been able to predict the influence of crude oil soil contamination on either the mechanistic dimensional detachment parameter b0 or the threshold parameter b1 of the mechanistic detachment model (Wilson model). The aims of this research were (1) to investigate the influence of crude oil on deriving Wilson model parameters, b0 and b1, with two setups at different scales and different soil moisture contents and (2) to predict b0 and b1 in crude oil contaminated dry soils with varying levels of contamination. The “mini” JET apparatus was implemented under laboratory conditions for soil specimens packed at both a small (standard mold) and a large (in-situ soil box) scale. The results showed an inverse correlation between b0 and water content for clean soil. No correlation between b0 and soil moisture content was observed for contaminated soils. There was a huge reduction in the b0 value as the contamination time increased compared to the clean soil. This was related to the role crude oil plays in soil stabilization. Crude oil contamination significantly increased lead contamination level while slightly increasing the pH and total organic carbon. The influence of crude oil on mechanistic soil detachment can be predicted with a priori JET experiments on soils without crude oil based on crude oil parameters.
Characteristics of PM2.5 Chemical Compositions and Their Effect on Atmospheric Visibility in Urban Beijing, China during the Heating Season
Authors: Li Xing , Li Shanshan , Xiong Qiulin , Yang Xingchuan , Qi Mengxi , Zhao Wenji , Wang Xinlong
Published: September 2018

Beijing, which is the capital of China, suffers from severe Fine Particles (PM2.5) pollution during the heating season. In order to take measures to control the PM2.5 pollution and improve the atmospheric environmental quality, daily PM2.5 samples were collected at an urban site from 15 November to 31 December 2016, characteristics of PM2.5 chemical compositions and their effect on atmospheric visibility were analyzed. It was found that the daily average mass concentrations of PM2.5 ranged from 7.64 to 383.00 μg m−3, with an average concentration of 114.17 μg m−3. On average, the Organic Carbon (OC) and Elemental Carbon (EC) contributed 21.39% and 5.21% to PM2.5, respectively. Secondary inorganic ions (SNA: SO42− + NO3− + NH4+) dominated the Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions (WSIIs) and they accounted for 47.09% of PM2.5. The mass concentrations of NH4+, NO3− and SO42− during the highly polluted period were 8.08, 8.88 and 6.85 times greater, respectively, than during the clean period, which contributed most to the serious PM2.5 pollution through the secondary transformation of NO2, SO2 and NH3. During the highly polluted period, NH4NO3 contributed most to the reconstruction extinction coefficient (b′ext), accounting for 35.7%, followed by (NH4)2SO4 (34.44%) and Organic Matter (OM: 15.24%). The acidity of PM2.5 in Beijing was weakly acid. Acidity of PM2.5 and relatively high humidity could aggravate PM2.5 pollution and visibility impairment by promoting the generation of secondary aerosol. Local motor vehicles contributed the most to NO3−, OC, and visibility impairment in urban Beijing. Other sources of pollution in the area surrounding urban Beijing, including coal burning, agricultural sources, and industrial sources in the Hebei, Shandong, and Henan provinces, released large amounts of SO2, NH3, and NO2. These, which were transformed into SO42−, NH4+, and NO3− during the transmission process, respectively, and had a great impact on atmospheric visibility impairment.
Innovations in Women’s Bone Health—Appreciating Important “Bone Variables” Besides Estrogen
Authors: Prior Jerilynn C.
Published: September 2018

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Whole Genome Analysis of Cyclin Dependent Kinase (CDK) Gene Family in Cotton and Functional Evaluation of the Role of CDKF4 Gene in Drought and Salt Stress Tolerance in Plants
Authors: Magwanga Richard Odongo , Lu Pu , Kirungu Joy Nyangasi , Cai Xiaoyan , Zhou Zhongli , Wang Xingxing , Diouf Latyr , Xu Yanchao , Hou Yuqing , Hu Yangguang , Dong Qi , Wang Kunbo , Liu Fang
Published: September 2018

Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the number one crop cultivated for fiber production and the cornerstone of the textile industry. Drought and salt stress are the major abiotic stresses, which can have a huge economic impact on cotton production; this has been aggravated with continued climate change, and compounded by pollution. Various survival strategies evolved by plants include the induction of various stress responsive genes, such as cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs). In this study, we performed a whole-genome identification and analysis of the CDK gene family in cotton. We identified 31, 12, and 15 CDK genes in G. hirsutum, G. arboreum, and G. raimondii respectively, and they were classified into 6 groups. CDK genes were distributed in 15, 10, and 9 linkage groups of AD, D, and A genomes, respectively. Evolutionary analysis revealed that segmental types of gene duplication were the primary force underlying CDK genes expansion. RNA sequence and RT-qPCR validation revealed that Gh_D12G2017 (CDKF4) was strongly induced by drought and salt stresses. The transient expression of Gh_D12G2017-GFP fusion protein in the protoplast showed that Gh_D12G2017 was localized in the nucleus. The transgenic Arabidopsis lines exhibited higher concentration levels of the antioxidant enzymes measured, including peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) concentrations under drought and salt stress conditions with very low levels of oxidants. Moreover, cell membrane stability (CMS), excised leaf water loss (ELWL), saturated leaf weight (SLW), and chlorophyll content measurements showed that the transgenic Arabidopsis lines were highly tolerant to either of the stress factors compared to their wild types. Moreover, the expression of the stress-related genes was also significantly up-regulated in Gh_D12G2017 (CDKF4) transgenic Arabidopsis plants under drought and salt conditions. We infer that CDKF-4s and CDKG-2s might be the primary regulators of salt and drought responses in cotton.
Hesitant Probabilistic Fuzzy Information Aggregation Using Einstein Operations
Authors: Park Jin Han , Park Yu Kyoung , Son Mi Jung
Published: September 2018

In this paper, a hesitant probabilistic fuzzy multiple attribute group decision making is studied. First, some Einstein operations on hesitant probability fuzzy elements such as the Einstein sum, Einstein product, and Einstein scalar multiplication are presented and their properties are discussed. Then, several hesitant probabilistic fuzzy Einstein aggregation operators, including the hesitant probabilistic fuzzy Einstein weighted averaging operator and the hesitant probabilistic fuzzy Einstein weighted geometric operator and so on, are introduced. Moreover, some desirable properties and special cases are investigated. It is shown that some existing hesitant fuzzy aggregation operators and hesitant probabilistic fuzzy aggregation operators are special cases of the proposed operators. Further, based on the proposed operators, a new approach of hesitant probabilistic fuzzy multiple attribute decision making is developed. Finally, a practical example is provided to illustrate the developed approach.
Functional Materials Based on Metal Hydrides
Authors: Li Hai-Wen , Zhu Min , Buckley Craig , Jensen Torben R.
Published: September 2018

Storage of renewable energy remains a key obstacle for the implementation of a carbon free energy system. There is an urgent need to develop a variety of energy storage systems with varying performance, covering both long-term/large-scale and high gravimetric and volumetric densities for stationary and mobile applications. Novel materials with extraordinary properties have the potential to form the basis for technological paradigm shifts. Here, we present metal hydrides as a diverse class of materials with fascinating structures, compositions and properties. These materials can potentially form the basis for novel energy storage technologies as batteries and for hydrogen storage.
Finite Element Analysis and Experimental Characterisation of SMC Composite Car Hood Specimens under Complex Loadings
Authors: Kelly Josh , Cyr Edward , Mohammadi Mohsen
Published: September 2018

Composite materials have recently been of particular interest to the automotive industry due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and versatility. Among the different composite materials used in mass-produced vehicles are sheet moulded compound (SMC) composites, which consist of random fibres, making them inexpensive candidates for non-structural applications in future vehicles. In this work, SMC composite materials were prepared with varying fibre orientations and volume fractions (25% and 45%) and subjected to a series of uniaxial tensile and flexural bending tests at a strain rate of 3 × 10−3 s−1. Tensile strength as well as failure strain increased with the increasing fibre volume fraction for the uniaxial tests. Flexural strength was found to also increase with increasing fibre percentage; however, failure displacement was found to decrease. The two material directions studied—longitudinal and transverse—showed superior strength and failure strain/displacement in the transverse direction. The experimental results were then used to create a finite element model to describe the deformation behaviour of SMC composites. Tensile results were first used to create and calibrate the model; then, the model was validated with flexural experimental results. The finite element model closely predicted both SMC volume fraction samples, predicting the failure force and displacement with less than 3.5% error in the lower volume fraction tests, and 6.6% error in the higher volume fraction tests.
An Experimental Framework for Integrating Citizen and Community Science into Land Cover, Land Use, and Land Change Detection Processes in a National Mapping Agency
Authors: Olteanu-Raimond Ana-Maria , Jolivet Laurence , Van Damme Marie-Dominque , Royer Timothée , Fraval Ludovic , See Linda , Sturn Tobias , Karner Mathias , Moorthy Inian , Fritz Steffen
Published: September 2018

Accurate and up-to-date information on land use and land cover (LULC) is needed to develop policies on reducing soil sealing through increased urbanization as well as to meet climate targets. More detailed information about building function is also required but is currently lacking. To improve these datasets, the national mapping agency of France, Institut de l’Information Géographique et Foréstière (IGN France), has developed a strategy for updating their LULC database on a update cycle every three years and building information on a continuous cycle using web, mobile, and wiki applications. Developed as part of the LandSense project and eventually tapping into the LandSense federated authentication system, this paper outlines the data collection campaigns, the key concepts that have driven the system architecture, and a description of the technologies developed for this solution. The campaigns have only just begun, so there are only preliminary results to date. Thus far, feedback on the web and mobile applications has been positive, but still requires a further demonstration of feasibility.