bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of seasonal and spatial variability of river flow characteristics in Slovenia
Authors: Kostevc Lea , Kobold Mira , Šraj Mojca
Published: February 2023

The fluctuations between minimum, mean, and high flows in Slovenia are significant, and in recent decades the influence of climate variability is also evident. Due to the lack of precipitation and its uneven temporal and spatial distribution, drought is a growing problem in Slovenia, while on the other hand, the number of extreme flood events is increasing. In the study, the regional diversity and seasonality of characteristic flows, namely mean low (sQnp), mean (sQs), and peak flows (vQvk) from 50 gauging stations are analyzed for the period 1960–2018, applying both an annual and monthly time scale. The ratios between the characteristic flows are calculated, and the results are evaluated both temporally and spatially. The range of values of the ratio vQvk/sQnp varies from about 20 to 1000, while the range of values of the ratio sQs/sQnp is between 2 and 20. Hierarchical clustering of gauging stations for mean low (sQnp) and mean flows (sQs) gave similar results, i.e. gauging stations were clustered into five equal groups in both cases. In the case of hierarchical clustering of gauging stations according to the values of peak flows (vQvk), four groups were formed. However, we can conclude that individual groups are difficult to define spatially in all cases.
Curcumin effects on Leydig cell functions and potential therapeutic uses
Authors: Raices Trinidad , Luisa Varela María , Abiuso Adriana María Belén , Pereyra Elba N , Mondillo Carolina , Pignataro Omar P , Riera María Fernanda
Published: February 2023

Curcumin has been ascribed with countless therapeutic effects, but its impact on testicular function has been scarcely researched. Leydig cells comprise the androgen-secreting population of the testis and may give rise to Leydig cell tumours (LCTs). Due to their steroid-secreting nature, LCTs entail endocrine, reproductive, and psychological disorders. Approximately 10% are malignant and do not respond to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The aim of this study was to assess curcumin’s impact on Leydig cells’ functions and its potential effect on LCT growth. In vitro assays on MA-10 Leydig cells showed that curcumin (20–80 µmol/L) stimulates acute steroidogenesis, both in the presence and absence of db-cAMP. This effect is accompanied by an increase in StAR expression. Regarding curcumin’s in vitro cytostatic capacity, we show that 40–80 µmol/L curcumin reduces MA-10 Leydig cells’ proliferative capacity, which could be explained by the arrest in G2/M and the reduced viability due to the activation of the apoptotic pathway. Finally, CB6F1 mice were inoculated with MA-10 cells to generate ectopic LCT in both flanks. They received i.p. injections of 20 mg/kg curcumin or vehicle every other day for 15 days. We unveiled curcumin’s capacity to inhibit LCT growth as evidenced by reduced tumour volume, weight, and area under the growth curves. No detrimental effects on general health parameters or testicular integrity were observed. These results provide novel evidence of curcumin’s effects on the endocrine cell population of the testis and propose this natural compound as a therapeutic agent for LCT.
Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Matematika Pada Siswa Kelas VI Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Darurrohman Kertanegara Haurgeulis
Authors: Aliyah Rohmatun , Fanirin Moch. Hasyim
Published: February 2023

Learning challenges experienced by students can be evident from the occurrence where they do not succeed in obtaining a specified degree of certification for learning outcomes. The number of variables of learning challenges is always connected with the components that assist learning activities. The goal of this study was to determine the challenges faced by grade VI students in Mathematics at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Darurrohman Kertanegara Haurgeulis. The research method used is qualitative with an empirical normative approach. The results of this study reveal that the sixth grade pupils of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Darurrohman Kertanegara Haurgeulis still have difficulty in learning mathematics. Among these are issues in understanding the material connected to building space, particularly determining the volume of the building, also related to data processing material (statistics) (statistics). The challenges experienced by many students in the data processing material include learning about the average or calculating the average value and in identifying the median value.Keywords: Mathematics; Study; Madrasah Ibtidaiyah AbstrakKesulitan belajar yang dialami oleh peserta didik dapat diketahui dari fenomena dimana mereka tidak berhasil mencapai taraf kualifikasi hasil belajar tertentu. Banyaknya variabel dari kesulitan belajar selalu diidentifikasi dengan faktor-faktor yang menjadi pendukung kegiatan belajar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kesulitan yang dihadapi siswa kelas VI pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Darurrohman Kertanegara Haurgeulis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatif empiris. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peserta didik kelas VI Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Darurrohman Kertanegara Haurgeulis masih mengalami kesulitan dalam belajar matematika. Diantaranya kesulitan dalam memahami materi terkait bangun ruang, yaitu menghitung volume bangun ruang, juga berkaitan dengan materi pengolahan data (statistika). Kesulitan yang banyak dialami peserta didik pada materi pengolahan data tersebut adalah pembelajaran tentang rata-rata atau menghitung nilai rata-rata dan dalam menentukan nilai tengah (median).Kata Kunci: Matematika; Belajar; Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Kewenangan Pemerintah Di Bidang Kepemudaan Dalam Rangka Mendukung Pembangunan Nasional Melalui Organisasi Kepemudaan
Authors: Siagian Parulian Hasiholan , Mau Hedwig Adianto , Candra Mardi
Published: February 2023

Youth has a very important position in the history of the struggle for Indonesian independence. Youth development is Indonesia's strategic agenda in order to prepare future generations who are strong and able to play a role in the development of the nation as a whole. In the present, youth are expected to continue to be able to fulfill independence in order to support national development. Seeing the very high potential of youth, the Government then saw the need to formulate special policies related to youth development. The research method in this writing is qualitative. The type of research in this research is using normative juridical law research. The purpose of the establishment of the Youth Law which provides specificity for the implementation of affairs in the field of youth cannot be carried out optimally so that it also has an impact on the Government's efforts in implementing youth development which is expected to support national development.Keywords: Authority; Youth; National development AbstrakPemuda memiliki kedudukan yang sangat penting dalam sejarah perjuangan kemerdekaan Indonesia. Pembangunan pemuda merupakan agenda strategis Indonesia dalam rangka mempersiapkan generasi masa depan yang tangguh dan mampu berperan dalam pembangunan bangsa secara keseluruhan. Di masa sekarang, pemuda diharapkan terus dapat mengisi kemerdekaan guna mendukung pembangunan nasional. Melihat potensi kaum muda yang sangat tinggi, Pemerintah kemudian memandang perlu menyusun kebijakan khusus terkait dengan pembangunan kepemudaan. Metode penelitian dalam penulisan ini adalah kualitatif, jenis Penelitian dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan penelitian hukum yuridis normative. Tujuan pembentukan Undang-Undang Kepemudaan yang memberikan kekhususan penyelenggaraan urusan dibidang kepemudaan tidak dapat dilaksanakan dengan maksimal sehingga berdampak pula terhadap upaya Pemerintah dalam melaksanakan pembangunan kepemudaan yang diharapkan dapat mendukung pembangunan nasional.Kata Kunci: Kewenangan; Kepemudaan; Pembangunan Nasional
Problematika Penyeragaman Pemidanaan Tindak Pidana Korupsi Pada Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1 Tahun 2020 Dalam Kaitannya Dengan Konsep Divine Justice Di Indonesia
Authors: Alam Faris Satria , Juaningsih Imas Novita
Published: February 2023

This study reviews the problems regarding the mechanism for convicting corruption cases in Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2020 concerning Guidelines for Conviction of Article 2 and Article 3 of the Law on the Eradication of Corruption Crimes. The presence of these normative rules has created a de-organization of the freedom of judges which should still reflect and go high the conception of Divine Justice in accordance with the irah-irah which reads "For the Sake of Justice Based on the Almighty Godhead". The research method used is normative juridical research, while the research approach is to use the assessment of statutory policies (statutory approach). The results of this study show that there are still problems in terms of the normative level and their implementation regarding the misalignment between the decisions decided by judges and the conception of Divine Justice in Indonesia.Keywords: Conviction; Divine Justice; Uniformity of MA Regulations AbstrakPenelitian ini mengulas permasalahan mengenai mekanisme dalam pemidanaan kasus korupsi pada Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1 Tahun 2020 tentang Pedoman Pemidanaan Pasal 2 dan Pasal 3 Undang-Undang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Hadirnya aturan normatif tersebut telah menciptakan penderogasian terhadap kebebasan hakim yang seharusnya tetap mencerminkan dan menjunjung tinggi konsepsi Divine Justice yang sesuai dengan irah-irah yang berbunyi “Demi Keadilan Berdasarkan Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa”. Metode penelitian yang dipakai yaitu penelitian yuridis normatif, sementara pendekatan penelitiannya yaitu menggunakan pengkajian peraturan perundang-undangan (statutory approach). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa masih terdapat problematika dari segi tataran normatif serta implementasinya mengenai ketidakselarasan antara putusan yang diputuskan oleh hakim dengan konsepsi Divine Justice di Indonesia.Kata Kunci: Pemidanaan; Divine Justice; Penyeragaman Peraturan MA
Nutrigenomics: linking food to genome
Authors: Jabeen Asma , Malik Geetika , Mir Javid Iqbal , Rasool Rozy
Published: February 2023

Nutrigenomics has an undoubtedly immeasurable potential for revamping human health. It has become an important regimen due to its consequential role in medical and nutritional sciences. It is an interdisciplinary science that amalgamates the information from physiology, pathology, genetics, molecular biology, and nutrition to establish the effects of ingested nutrients on expression and regulation of genes. The ultimate aim of nutrigenomics is to ascertain the nutritional requirement of an individual in accordance with genetic makeup. Moreover, it aims to purvey treatment in the management of certain ailments having a dietary role based on individual’s genomic profile. Therefore, vast research in the field of nutritional genomics is a dire need to make people aware regarding their health and diet relationship. Here, we have given an overview of nutrigenomics coupled with novel technologies to produce utilitarian information for health professionals and researchers by divulging certain properties that interfere with the genomic machinery.
Jornalismo local e a cobertura dos casos de Covid-19 em frigoríficos de Santa Catarina – Brasil
Authors: Bavaresco Marcionize Elis , Luz Suelyn Cristina Carneiro da , Locatelli Carlos Augusto
Published: February 2023

O estudo analisa a cobertura jornalística do crescimento acelerado de casos de Covid-19 em frigoríficos de Chapecó e Concórdia (SC, Brasil) no primeiro pico da doença, em 2020. Diante de fiscalizações que apontaram negligência e contaminações de trabalhadores e da relevância econômica creditada ao setor, busca-se compreender como dois grupos de comunicação das cidades abordaram o tema em suas páginas jornalísticas na internet. A proposta da Análise de Cobertura Jornalística (SILVA; MAIA, 2011), adaptada para o ambiente digital, orientou os procedimentos metodológicos. Os resultados apontam para a ausência de apuração própria dos veículos, o que privilegia agentes com capacidade de produção de conteúdo e invisibiliza fontes cidadãs. Do ponto de vista teórico, aponta-se um paradoxo: mesmo em situações críticas para a comunidade, como a pandemia, o jornalismo de proximidade pode se afastar do cotidiano local que, em tese, o caracterizaria.
Delaktighet för elever med olika förkunskaper i matematik: en interdisciplinär studie om betydelsen av undervisningens utformning och genomförande för elevers lärande
Authors:   ,   Linnaeus University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Pedagogy and Learning, Lövström Anna
Published: February 2023

This dissertation is about developing our knowledge of teaching and student learning through examining teaching that has been designed and implemented with in a learning study. Applying an interdisciplinary approach, this research builds knowledge of how teaching can be designed and implemented for young students with different prior knowledge of mathematics. The focus is on inclusive education and, in particular, on inclusive learning environments. Teaching and learning about whole numbers for students in grades 2 and 3 were studied.The empirical material, mainly comprising videotaped lessons and the results of identical knowledge tests that the students completed before and after the lessons, was collected in a learning study and used in two steps. First, the teaching characteristics were analysed at a collective level, mainly based on test results used to measure learning outcomes, i.e.,students’ ability to expand their number range from natural to whole numbers. The extent to which the teaching characteristics were transferable to new teaching contexts was also investigated. Second, an interdisciplinary approach was followed, applying knowledge and theories from special needs education and mathematics education. Examining teaching characteristics in relation to outcomes, the research perspective expanded from the collective to the individual level, emphasizing participation and learning among students with different prior knowledge according to test results. Notably, at a collective level, teaching was characterized by being based on the identification of critical aspects. Analyses of teaching outcomes at the individual level revealed a mixed picture of student learning and participation in the learning study lessons. Concerning one studied lesson, an analysis of student test results revealed considerable diversity in student achievement, indicating that some students learned what was intended while others did not. However, test results from another lesson indicated that all students progressed in learning about whole numbers. During this lesson, the teacher-guided mathematical discourse incorporating several routines seemed to be central to facilitating student participation as well as change in the discourse on whole numbers.The main conclusion is that the interdisciplinary research approach helped foster deeper insight into teaching design and its outcomes regarding individual students’ learning and participation. In addition, the findings emphasize the importance of teachers taking responsibility for inviting the students into the mathematical discourse in relation to the access aspect of participation, and then, through challenging questions, facilitating progress to the collaborative aspect of participation.
Quantifying pelagic primary production and respiration via an automated in-situ incubation system
Authors:   , Chen Solomon
Published: February 2023

Pelagic photosynthesis and respiration serve critical roles in controlling the dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) in seawater. The consumption and production via pelagic primary production are of particular importance in surface ocean and in shallow aquatic ecosystems where photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is abundant. However, the dynamic nature and large degree of heterogeneity in these ecosystems pose substantial challenges for providing accurate estimates of marine primary production and metabolic state. The resulting lack of data in these systems hinders efforts in scaling and including primary production in predictive models. To bridge the gap, we developed and validated a novel automated water incubator that measures in-situ rates of photosynthesis and respiration. The automated water incubation system uses commercially available optodes and microcontrollers to record continuous measurements of DO within a closed chamber at desired intervals. With fast response optodes, the incubation system produced measurements of photosynthesis and respiration with hourly resolution, resolving diel signals in the water column. The high temporal resolution of the timeseries also enabled the development of Monte-Carlo simulation as a new data analysis technique to calculate DO fluxes, with improved performance in noisy timeseries. Deployment of the incubator was conducted near Ucantena Island, Massachusetts, USA. The data captured diel fluctuations in metabolic fluxes with hourly resolution, allowed for a more accurate correlation between oxygen cycling and environmental conditions, and provided improved characterization of the pelagic metabolic state.
Marine parasites in island-like disturbed habitats
Authors:   , Dykman Lauren
Published: February 2023

Parasites are taxonomically and functionally diverse members of biological communities, and can play key roles in species interactions, community structure, and ecosystem functioning. For their reliance on host species, parasites are theorized to be particularly sensitive to disturbances that alter host diversity and abundance, especially in isolated habitats, which present challenges to introduction and establishment. In this thesis, I investigate habitat isolation and disturbance as drivers of parasite diversity, with an emphasis on parasite life history strategies related to colonization and persistence. I focus on an island-like, frequently disturbed habitat, deep sea hydrothermal vents at 9°50’N on the East Pacific Rise, to explore the boundaries of parasite persistence in an extreme environment. First, I analyze recovery in the vent community for 11 years after a catastrophic eruption in 2006 to test successional hypotheses in a new setting with distinct fauna and a chemosynthesis-based food web. Second, I compare parasite diversity at isolated, disturbed vents to marine ecosystems that are similarly isolated but undisturbed (atoll sandflat) and both well connected and undisturbed (kelp forest). Overall, parasite diversity within host species was not significantly lower at vents, but the vent community had many fewer parasite species because there are fewvertebrate predator species (fish). Parasites with indirect (multi-host) life cycles were relatively diverse in the disturbed environment, which contradicts expectation based on theory. To explore this further, I investigate the three-host life cycles of trematodes at vents, whichwas the most diverse and abundant parasite taxon. All life stages of the trematode life cyclewere discovered in vent fauna and several taxawere traced across multiple life stages via morphology and genetics. Finally, I use a computational model to investigate how different parasite strategies (colonization capability and impact on hosts) contribute to parasite success under a range of disturbance conditions in island habitats. Parasites that reduce host reproduction reached higher densities than parasites that cause mortality across all disturbance frequencies explored, and disturbance facilitated the evolution of more virulent parasites. These studies demonstrate that life history traits and the ability to adapt allow diverse parasite taxa to persist in isolated, ephemeral environments.
Lifelong, learning-augmented robot navigation
Authors:   , Doherty Kevin J.
Published: February 2023

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is the process by which a robot constructs a global model of an environment from local observations of it; this is a fundamental perceptual capability supporting planning, navigation, and control. We are interested in improving the expressiveness and operational longevity of SLAM systems. In particular, we are interested in leveraging state-of-the-art machine learning methods for object detection to augment the maps robots can build with object-level semantic information. To do so, a robot must combine continuous geometric information about its trajectory and object locations with discrete semantic information about object classes. This problem is complicated by the fact that object detection techniques are often unreliable in novel environments, introducing outliers and making it difficult to determine the correspondence between detected objects and mapped landmarks. For robust long-term navigation, a robot must contend with these discrete sources of ambiguity. Finally, even when measurements are not corrupted by outliers, long-term SLAM remains a challenging computational problem: typical solution methods rely on local optimization techniques that require a good “initial guess,” and whose computational expense grows as measurements accumulate. The first contribution of this thesis addresses the problem of inference for hybrid probabilistic models, i.e., models containing both discrete and continuous states we would like to estimate. These problems frequently arise when modeling e.g., outlier contamination (where binary variables indicate whether a measurement is corrupted), or when performing object-level mapping (where discrete variables may represent measurement-landmark correspondence or object categories). The former application is crucial for designing more robust perception systems. The latter application is especially important for enabling robots to construct semantic maps; that is, maps containing objects whose states are a mixture of continuous (geometric) information and (discrete) categorical information (such as class labels). The second contribution of this thesis is, a novel spectral initialization method which is efficient to compute, easy to implement, and admits the first formal performance guarantees for a SLAM initialization method. The final contribution of this thesis aims to curtail the growing computational expense of long-term SLAM. In particular, we propose an efficient algorithm for graph sparsification capable of reducing the computational burden of SLAM methods without significantly degrading SLAM solution quality. Taken together, these contributions improve the robustness and efficiency of robot perception approaches in the lifelong setting.
MAGNETIC AND JOULE HEATING EFFECTS ON MIXED CONVECTION FLOW ACROSS A VERTICAL CONE
Authors: Meena Om Prakash , Janapatla Pranitha , Srinivasacharya Darbhasayanam
Published: February 2023

A numerical and theoretical analysis of the viscous fluid across a vertical cone in the presence of joule heating and magnetic impacts is organized in this segment of the work; this study involves numerous applications in the science, engineering, and industrial fields. The flow model is designed in the form of mathematical equations, and for the sake of numerical solution simplicity, a nondimensionalization process is performed and the earned nonsimilarity equations are solved numerically via the bivariate Chebyshev spectral collocation quasi-linearization method. A schematic illustration of the obtained results at various streamwise locations of the flow profiles for variations of the governing parameters are exhibited in the results and discussions section; we observed that the velocity can be controlled by the magnetic impact. Moreover, skin friction, mass and heat transfer rate are also illustrated in tabular form. To authenticate the accuracy of the present computations a comparison with prior computation is organized; the residual analysis study is also depicted, which determines the convergence of the formulated numerical simulation.
REDUCTION OF HYDROGEN-DIESEL ENGINE EMISSIONS BY WATER INJECTION/EGR AND A NOVEL VORTEX TUBE INTAKE SYSTEM
Authors: Manimaran Renganathan
Published: February 2023

Modern-day diesel engines are adapted with new technologies to meet strict emission standards. This study addresses the use of a novel vortex tube air intake system with air from its cold and hot ends to a compression-ignition engine with hydrogen gas addition. Hydrogen energy share is limited to 29% due to the maximum detonation limit. Hydrogen flow rate, diesel injection timing, and injection pressure are maintained to arrive at the maximum brake power and minimal levels of pollutants such as smoke, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter. For further reduction of engine nitrogen oxide emissions, exhaust gas recirculation and water injection methods are adopted in this study and compared. Energy balance analyses among the supercharged mode with vortex tube and naturally aspirated modes are presented. It is noticed that pollutant levels could be decreased with hydrogen addition with 40% cold air or 60% hot air from the vortex tube intake system. The overall efficiency increases from 28.3% in a naturally aspirated air to 30.1% in the vortex tube intake system with hot air, leading to a 32% comparative increase in brake thermal efficiency. Smoke decreases in the vortex tube intake system by 37%. Soot-NOx and HC-CO tradeoff analyses are also presented.
Fracture properties of self-compacting mortar in terms of contents and high temperatures
Authors: Zahedi Farshad , Dehestani Mehdi
Published: February 2023

In this research, the effects of five parameters, namely, water/cementitious materials ratio, limestone powder, high temperatures, polypropylene and steel microfibres, on the fracture energy (GF) and critical stress intensity factor (KIC) of notched self-compacting mortar beams were investigated. Four levels were assumed, using the Taguchi method, with an L16 orthogonal array for each parameter, and 32 mix designs were considered instead of 512. The prepared specimens were placed in a furnace and exposed to three temperature levels of 200, 400 and 600°C at a heating rate of 2°C/min. Mortar specimens were kept at each target temperature for 6 h. As a result, the fracture properties of the specimens initially improved but then decreased after exposure to temperatures above 400°C. At 200°C, the density of self-compacting mortar increased and reached a maximum value; this, in turn, increased the fracture energy and critical stress intensity factor of the specimens at this temperature, compared with those at an ambient temperature. Above this temperature, up to 600°C, increasing the temperature had destructive effects on the fracture properties. Furthermore, the reliability of the results are discussed and confirmed by using analysis of variance.
Energy-based assessment of reinforced concrete walls with two outriggers
Authors: Beiraghi Hamid , Abadi Ebrahim Momen
Published: February 2023

In this paper, different kinds of energy dissipation in reinforced concrete (RC) core–wall systems with two buckling-restrained braced outriggers, subjected to forward-directivity near-fault and ordinary far-fault earthquakes, have been compared. The level of the first outrigger was fixed at the top and the second outrigger was placed at different levels. In the non-linear model, two approaches for the RC core–wall were considered: the extended plastic hinge (EPH) approach and the four plastic hinges approach (4PH). In the 4PH approach, only four plastic hinges are allowed in the RC core–wall, one at the base, another adjacent to and beneath the top outrigger, and two others at the level's adjacent second outrigger. For the EPH approach, the plasticity can extend anywhere in the core–wall. Principally for the EPH approach, at the base of core–wall and adjacent to the top outrigger, as well as above and below the second outrigger level, more inelastic energy demands occur due to the large moment demand resulting from seismic load. On average for both EPH and 4PH approaches, the inelastic energy at the base from far-fault records is almost 1.5 times the corresponding value from near-fault records.
Versions of the drainage area ratio method for transfer of daily or monthly stream flows
Authors: Haktanir Tefaruk , Aydemir Alper , Acanal Nese
Published: February 2023

Using the drainage area ratio (DAR) method, daily or monthly flows gauged at a nearby station are transferred to an ungauged section where a dam is to be built by multiplying them by a real number resulting from raising the ratio of the drainage areas of the dam section and of the station to an exponent n. Commonly, n is taken as 1. Using the daily flows of two stations nearby a dam section on the same stream or a neighbouring stream, having a common N-year-long gauging record, it is proposed that 365 linear regressions be fitted to N pairs of 365 daily flows and relate them to the DARs. The daily flows at the dam section can then be computed using 365 values of n' each belonging to 1 day. Next, using the same analytical model applied to monthly flows, 12 monthly flows are transferred to the dam section. Five versions of the DAR method – three of which have constant exponents – were investigated. The method with n = 1 was found to be the worst performer.
Gut Dysbiosis in Experimental Kidney Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Rodent Repository Data
Authors: Randall David W. , Kieswich Julius , Hoyles Lesley , McCafferty Kieran , Curtis Michael , Yaqoob Muhammed M.
Published: February 2023

Significance Statement

Alterations in gut microbiota contribute to the pathophysiology of a diverse range of diseases, leading to suggestions that chronic uremia may cause intestinal dysbiosis that contributes to the pathophysiology of CKD. Various small, single-cohort rodent studies have supported this hypothesis. In this meta-analysis of publicly available repository data from studies of models of kidney disease in rodents, cohort variation far outweighed any effect of experimental kidney disease on the gut microbiota. No reproducible changes in animals with kidney disease were seen across all cohorts, although a few trends observed in most experiments may be attributable to kidney disease. The findings suggest that rodent studies do not provide evidence for the existence of “uremic dysbiosis” and that single-cohort studies are unsuitable for producing generalizable results in microbiome research.

Background

Rodent studies have popularized the notion that uremia may induce pathological changes in the gut microbiota that contribute to kidney disease progression. Although single-cohort rodent studies have yielded insights into host-microbiota relationships in various disease processes, their relevance is limited by cohort and other effects. We previously reported finding metabolomic evidence that batch-to-batch variations in the microbiome of experimental animals are significant confounders in an experimental study.

Methods

To attempt to identify common microbial signatures that transcend batch variability and that may be attributed to the effect of kidney disease, we downloaded all data describing the molecular characterization of the gut microbiota in rodents with and without experimental kidney disease from two online repositories comprising 127 rodents across ten experimental cohorts. We reanalyzed these data using the DADA2 and Phyloseq packages in R, a statistical computing and graphics system, and analyzed data both in a combined dataset of all samples and at the level of individual experimental cohorts.

Results

Cohort effects accounted for 69% of total sample variance (P<0.001), substantially outweighing the effect of kidney disease (1.9% of variance, P=0.026). We found no universal trends in microbial population dynamics in animals with kidney disease, but observed some differences (increased alpha diversity, a measure of within-sample bacterial diversity; relative decreases in Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillus; and increases in some Clostridia and opportunistic taxa) in many cohorts that might represent effects of kidney disease on the gut microbiota.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that current evidence that kidney disease causes reproducible patterns of dysbiosis is inadequate. We advocate meta-analysis of repository data as a way of identifying broad themes that transcend experimental variation.
Mejora de la calidad educativa en educación superior incentivando buenas prácticas de investigación
Authors: Ruiz Ruano Ana María , López Puga Jorge
Published: February 2023

La comunidad científica presencia, de tarde en tarde, episodios de fraude académico y científico que trascienden a los medios de comunicación de masas. Aunque, afortunadamente, este tipo de eventos se produce con poca frecuencia, lo cierto es que su impacto en la opinión pública daña considerablemente la percepción que tiene la sociedad sobre la educación superior y la actividad universitaria. Del mismo modo, la credibilidad científica se ve comprometida y ello favorece, en último término, el auge de la desinformación y los populismos políticos en las sociedades democráticas. Recientemente se ha acuñado el término “prácticas cuestionables de investigación” para hacer referencia a un elenco de actividades que se consideran poco éticas o no aceptables por la comunidad científica. Dado que uno de los pilares fundamentales de la educación superior es fomentar, promocionar y auspiciar la investigación científica de calidad en la que no tengan cabida este tipo de prácticas cuestionables, este trabajo tiene dos objetivos en este sentido. El primer objetivo es identificar aquellas prácticas cuestionables de investigación que tienen mayor presencia en el entorno de la educación superior. Una vez identificadas, el segundo objetivo perseguirá plantear un conjunto de estrategias encaminadas a minimizar o eliminar la ocurrencia de este tipo de prácticas que atentan contra la integridad científica. Por tanto, las propuestas de mejora aquí sugeridas se espera que puedan ser discutidas y valoradas en el futuro como estrategias que redunden en una mejora de la calidad educativa en el contexto de la educación superior.
Perfil de competência emocional dos enfermeiros especialistas em saúde mental e psiquiatria
Authors: Fernandes Sara , Caçador Anastácio Zélia
Published: February 2023

O cuidar baseado nos conhecimentos científicos, do desenvolvimento de estratégias relacionais e de atitudes, bem como do desenvolvimento de um conjunto de capacidades que interagem entre si, permite ao Enfermeiro Especialista em Saúde Mental e Psiquiatria, construir relações interpessoais num ambiente afetivo estável proporcionando ao doente um cuidado diferente e peculiar. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer o perfil de Competência Emocional (CE) de Enfermeiros Especialistas em Saúde Mental e Psiquiatria (EESMP). A metodologia foi quantitativa tendo sido usado um questionário adaptado para esta investigação. A amostra foi do tipo bola de neve e incluiu 32 participantes, sendo maioritariamente do sexo feminino (n=26; 81,3%), com média de idades de 40 anos. Os dados foram analisados com o programa SPSS, tendo sido aplicados testes paramétricos e não paramétricos. Verificou-se que não existe relações entre as variáveis sociodemográficas e a CE. Com a variável, tempo médio diário de contacto com pessoas diagnosticadas com doença mental, obtiveram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas na dimensão Empatia. Em relação aos determinantes da CE, confirmou-se que todas as capacidades são preditivas da mesma e que os enfermeiros especialistas apresentavam níveis moderados de CE nas suas cinco vertentes e globalmente. A dimensão “Autoconsciência”, apresentou alto nível de CE.
First record of Gomphonema lacunicola Patrick et Freese (Bacillariophyta) from the Pâreng Mts (Southern Carpathians, Romania)
Authors: Buczkó Krisztina , Kövér Csilla , Magyari Enikő , Szabó Zoltán , Korponai János
Published: February 2023

Here we report and document the occurrence of the diatom Gomphonema lacunicola Patrick et Freese 1961 from the Pâreng Mts of the Carpathian Mountains, Romania. This observation was made within the framework of a systematic sampling campaign and analyses that were conducted in the Southern Carpathians, covering 40 mountain lakes for discovering the cladoceran fauna and diatom flora of this region between 2012 and 2014. G. lacunicola was found only in one of the 40 lakes, namely in Lake Câlcescu, where it was extremely rare, but the characteristic feature of the lake promoted the presence of the species. Lake Câlcescu is a subalpine lake, located 1,934 m a.s.l. This is the first record of this diatom species in Romania.
On the second edition of the Regional Dictionary of Vyatka Dialects: A new look and new approaches
Authors:   Vyatka State University, Smetanina Zoya V.
Published: February 2023

The article highlights the problem of republishing the Regional Dictionary of Vyatka Dialects: to combine disparate issues, after additional editing, or to model the dictionary in a new way? The lexicographic method itself, applied to a large source base, “dictates” a set of parameters for constructing a dictionary entry and the choice of the addressee of the dictionary -an ordinary resident of the Vyatka region. The aim of the article is to describe new approaches to modeling the system plan of vocabulary and phraseology. The new approaches concern: (1) the identification and connection of variants of words previously located in different volumes; (2) the introduction of references to synonyms, the presentation of synonymous series; (3) a new principle for the presentation of phraseological units; (4) a unified presentation of prepositional-case combinations. For example, the analysis revealed variants: orabukha -arabukha, boltuzit’ - voltuzit’, kopyrza - chupyrza, matrosit’ - patrosit’, spishnik - naspishnik. All units of the synonymous series denote one concept, belong to the same part of speech, have the same compatibility, the same stylistic connotation. At the same time, they are based on different structural elements, on different images, cf., for example: podvoloka, golubnitsa, nadyzbitsa, poneb ’e - “attic”. Synonymous series were introduced to different parts of speech, for example, the category of state: birko, oz’abno, I’uto - “cold”. New principles for the presentation of phraseological units by their main component made it possible to collect all nominations with somatic components, with components that include attributes of color, of pets and animals, etc. Thirteen phraseological units with the component heart are presented, for example: v odno serdtse - “together, with love”, serdtse zaimet’- ‘”to harbor a grudge against someone”, serdtse iznesti - “to take anger out on someone”. Information about festive traditions in peasant culture gives stable combinations with the nominal component song: gulevye, dolgie, korotkije, krugovye, pl’askovye, poezhanskie, sloevye, tantsovye. The lexicographic representation of prepositional-case combinations was unified and substantiated. As a result of the introduction of a new modeling of the system plan of vocabulary and phraseology, the Regional Dictionary of Vyatka Dialects acquires the features of an alphabetic-word family dictionary that illustrates the word-creating energy of dialect speakers and reveals the peculiarities of the linguistic picture of the world of the Vyatka peasantry. The author declares no conflicts of interests.
Nationally oriented lexicography and RFL training
Authors:   Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, Boguslavskaya Vera V. , Budnik Ekaterina A. ,   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Mamontov Aleksandr S. ,   Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, Trinh Thi Kim Ngoc ,   Vietnam for Cultural and Social Affairs
Published: February 2023

The article presents the description and comprehension of the experience of developments in the field of linguistic and regional studies and nationally oriented educational lexicography. The latter is based on the ideas of nationally oriented education and associated with the creation of a linguo-cultural dictionary for citizens of Vietnam who study Russian as a foreign language. Today’s reality is considered to be largely aimed at purely applied aspects of knowledge, including in teaching foreign languages and, in particular, Russian as a foreign language (RFL). In this regard, dictionaries are becoming very significant, among which a special place belongs to the so-called “linguo-cultural dictionary”, which has a relatively recent history of use. Information obtained with the help of such lexicographic sources contributed and contributes to students’ deeper understanding of Russian in real situations. But, since a foreigner “in general” does not exist in nature, the so-called “nationally oriented education”, learning with regard to the national culture of the addressee, becomes more and more relevant. Nationally oriented education implies optimizing the teaching of a specific foreigner the ability to communicate primarily with a native representative of the Russian language and culture, i.e. teaching Russian not just as a foreign language, but as a means of intercultural communication. In this regard, a group of employees of the Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, the authors of this article, together with foreign partners, began to create a concept for a linguo-cultural learner’s dictionary of the so-called “active” type, intended for the Vietnamese audience. This dictionary, as conceived by the developers of the concept, will be focused mainly on a nonphilological audience that will be able to use the relevant information in communication with Russian-speaking partners in business, joint production, etc. As an example, against the background of the Vietnamese linguistic culture, the concept “family” is considered. This concept is part of the basic system of values of the native representatives of the Russian language and culture and in the future nationally oriented linguo-cultural dictionary intended for the Vietnamese audience. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.
Linguoculturological commentary in polylingual dictionaries of proverbs
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Bredis Mikhail A. , Ivanov Eugene E. ,   Mogilev State A. Kuleshov University; Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
Published: February 2023

The article examines the principles and content of a culturally oriented commentary on proverbs in comparative dictionaries. It substantiates the specifics of the linguoculturological commentary as a tool for the comparative description of proverbs in a multilingual dictionary. The methodological basis of the study is the provisions of the proverb theory reflected in the latest publications that consider proverbs as elements of the language and as a variety of aphoristic units, linguoculturological analysis of proverbs, their differentiation according to the degree of national specificity / commonality with other languages and the principles of reflecting such differentiation in comparative paremiography. Based on the material of Russian proverbs “about a fool” and their counterparts in certain Slavic, Baltic, Finno-Ugric and Turkic languages, the possibilities of linguoculturological commentary in identifying and dictionary representation of the national specificity of proverbial semantics are shown. Actually, the choice of this group of proverbs and languages of comparison is random, which significantly increases the representativeness of the study, makes its results deliberately objective, since in this case they can be extended to any groups of proverbs in any languages. The article formulates the main principles of the linguoculturological commentary in a polylingual dictionary: firstly, the proverbs of both the input language and the output language should be commented equally; secondly, proverb commentaries in all languages must be relevant (it means that volume, structure, subject orientation and depth of commenting should be the same for each language); thirdly, the most significant components of proverb content and form for the interlingual comparison should be the subject of commenting; fourthly, commentaries should be given separately for each proverb of each language, however, in terms of content, they should be projected onto each other. At the same time, in multilingual paremiological dictionaries, the interlingual linguocultural projection is of particular importance. The linguoculturological commentary in the proposed form will significantly increase the volume of a polylingual dictionary of proverbs; however, it will also significantly increase its representativeness and cognitive value both in the proper linguistic and cultural terms. The prospect of the research is to develop the structure of a culturally-oriented commentary in a polylingual dictionary of proverbs, ways of correlated commenting on their linguistic semantics and background semantics, methods of including linguoculturological commentary in various zones of a lexical entry, as well as determination of the system of paraverbal means of its representation in polylingual paremiography. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.
Development of a dictionary entry of the text connector “first of all” for the Dictionary of Function Words of the Russian Language
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Tiurin Pavel M.
Published: February 2023

The article presents a dictionary entry of the text connector “first of all” (Rus. prezhde vsego) prepared in accordance with the model of lexicographic description for the Dictionary of Function Words of the Russian Language. The model was proposed by A.F. Priyatkina and E.A. Starodumova. Their works, as well as studies by the staff of the Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Far Eastern Federal University on the description of functional words and their presentation in the Dictionary of Function Words of the Russian Language, were the theoretical basis of this study. The following research methods are used in the article: observation; description, including generalization and systematization of linguistic phenomena; and contextual analysis. Examples from the Russian National Corpus and examples collected from modern texts of various functional styles and genres are used as illustrative material. When preparing a dictionary entry, the author has found that the fixed expression “first of all” can function not only at the level of the text, but also at the level of the utterance. The description of the non-textual possibilities of this fixed expression should be the subject of a special research. The text connector “first of all” has the meaning “prior the rest”, “before the rest”, “what comes first from a multitude”, which allows it to be used in three functional variants: (1) the selection of one or several elements that meet certain requirements that are the most important; (2) the designation of the most important condition for further development/impossibility of development of the situation, the possibility/impossibility of the development of events; and (3) the designation of the main argument refuting what is said in the left context of the connector. The location of the connector in the utterance and punctuation design can vary. The fixed phrase “first of all” has been described in several dictionaries, but its description there is not complete. In this regard, a lexicographic description of the phrase was carried out according to the following parameters: types of use, homonymy, morphological structure, meaning (interpretation), functional and semantic variants, scope, functioning as a connector, functioning within the framework of one utterance and types of constructions, intonation, punctuation, location, interaction with other connectors, interaction with other function words, functions other than text connection, units similar in function and semantics, stylistic label, dictionary data, illustrations. The study shows that the text connector “first of all” can be described in the Dictionary of Function Words of the Russian Language in terms of semantics, variation of functions, intonation and punctuation design, interaction with other function words, and others. The author declares no conflicts of interests.