bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editorik beginnt in der Schule?
Authors: Hofmeister Wernfried , Milkovits Daniel
Published: March 2023

For young people school is the very first place where a fruitful and enlightening encounter with literature may take place, provided that the teaching can rely on well edited texts. Against this background of experience, the essayistically sharpened paper reports the results of an examination of eighteen Austrian textbooks at secondary level II, in which original-language text examples from the German literary history of the Middle Ages are reproduced. The results of the survey depict, on the one hand, a revealing canon of near-source printed literary works and on the other hand it illustrates that in most cases the editorial templates used in textbooks are far away from the quality standards and informative value of modern reference editions. As the study generally concludes, it would be up to the editing community to urgently establish a new, mutually beneficial cooperation with all the institutions and publishers involved in the production of school textbooks in order to supply the classrooms with more suitable specialist editions and customised materials as soon as possible.
Texte vor der Gutenberg-Galaxis oder Lachmannisches Mittelalter?
Authors: Kragl Florian , Vollmann Justin
Published: March 2023

The two parts of the article are complementary. In the first part, Justin Vollmann takes a look at digital editing and in particular at the online edition Lyrik des Deutschen Mittelalters (LDM) from a McLuhanian perspective, with LDM also being presented in its basic functions. In the second part, Florian Kragl follows the ‘gutenberggalactic’ tendencies of medieval manuscript tradition using Bligger von Steinach as an example, and then asks about the editorial consequences. The common goal is to establish a differentiated view on the medieval manuscript culture and its modern edition possibilities.
Contribution to the building of a weather information service for solar panel cleaning operations at Diass plant (Senegal, Western Sahel)
Authors: Aidara Mohamed Cherif , Fam Pape Abdoulaye , Danso Derrick Kwadwo , Mortey Eric Mensah , Mbaye Amy , Ndiaye Mamadou Lamine , Bonkaney Abdou Latif , Adamou Rabani , Anquetin Sandrine , Diedhiou Arona
Published: March 2023

The accumulation of dust on the surface of solar panels reduces the amount of sunlight reaching the solar cells and results in a decrease in panel performance. To avoid this loss of production and thus, to improve the performance capacity, solar panels must be cleaned frequently. The West African region is well known for its high solar energy potential. However, this potential can be reduced by the high occurrence of dust storms during the year. This article aims to provide a contribution to the construction of a meteorological information service for solar panel cleaning operations at Diass solar plant in Senegal (Western Sahel). It is based on a full year in situ experiment comparing the power loss due to dust between solar panels cleaned at different frequencies and those not cleaned. The model to determine the cleaning frequencies is based on the deposition rate of airborne particles, the concentration of airborne particles, and the density of the dust that has a major impact on the power loss. Cleaning frequencies are presented at seasonal scale because in the study area, dust episodes differ according to the seasons. A cost–benefit analysis is also performed to demonstrate the advantage of using weather information service to support the dust cleaning operations at Diass plant. As results, it is found that cleaning every 3 weeks is required during the dry seasons, December–January–February and March–April–May. During the rainy season, cleaning every 5 weeks is recommended in June–July–August, while in September–October–November cleaning every 4 weeks is sufficient to maintain an optimal performance of the solar panel. The total costs of cleaning operations based on these results are reduced compared to the current costs of cleaning and the benefits are much higher than without cleaning action.
A Revisionist Reading ofThe Goddess: Visual Narrative Power in Chinese Silent Cinema
Authors: Ng Kenny K. K.
Published: March 2023

This article argues for a revisionist reading ofThe Goddessto redirect critical attention to its film form and narrative style. Yet, it also explores the social-economic and technological conditions of filmmaking in early Chinese cinema that circumvented the filmmaker’s aesthetic choices and devices. A political reading of the film within either the leftist-progressive or nationalist agenda is inadequate in explicating the film’s narrative capacity and affective power in engaging social commentary. ReadingThe Goddessas a Chinese manifestation of Hollywood’s maternal melodrama has equally dismissed the film’s contestation of the complex political and ideological discourses in which it was produced. Inspired by a neoformalist approach to studying film form and social reality, this article articulates the working of Wu Yonggang’s cinematic style as a crafted combination of artistic choices and interventions, which are made within the classical Hollywood paradigm and Soviet montage, to define an early Chinese cinematic language that is specific to 1930s Shanghai film industry and Chinese society, the filmmaker’s aesthetic pursuit, and Ruan Lingyu’s stardom.
Critical learning episodes in the EFL classroom: a multimodal (inter)action analytical perspective
Authors: Mejía-Laguna Jorge Andrés
Published: March 2023

The present study centers on exploring how different modes such as speech, gesture, gaze, body posture, and head movement are employed by an EFL teacher and his students during a Critical Learning Episode (CLE). CLEs are brief instances of classroom interaction where the instructor and the researcher believe that learning is being fostered or inhibited. This article is part of a larger qualitative multiple-case study that took place at a private Colombian University. The lesson was videotaped and then analyzed within a Multimodal (Inter)action Analysis framework. Findings indicate that CLEs are created in a highly embodied, multimodal, and ecological manner through different modal configurations. Besides speech and writing, modes such as gestures, posture, gaze, and head movement played not a marginal, but prominent role, in performing various pedagogical classroom activities such as enhancing shared/ focused attention, strengthening alignment, helping teachers and learners to visually make meaning of morphological and syntactical units, and serving as devices to check for understanding.
HDAC5-mediated PRAME regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Yu Lei , Cao Huan , Yang Jian-Wang , Meng Wen-Xia , Yang Chuan , Wang Jian-Tao , Yu Miao-Miao , Wang Bao-Shan
Published: March 2023

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is an aggressive and lethal malignant neoplasm with extremely poor prognoses. Accumulating evidence has indicated that preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) is correlated with several kinds of cancers. However, there is little direct evidence to substantiate the biological function of PRAME in LSCC. The purpose of the current study is to explore the oncogenic role of PRAME in LSCC. PRAME expression was analyzed in 57 pairs of LSCC tumor tissue samples through quantitative real-time PCR, and the correlation between PRAME and clinicopathological features was analyzed. The result indicated that PRAME was overexpressed in the LSCC patients and correlated with the TNM staging and lymphatic metastasis. The biological functions and molecular mechanism of PRAME in LSCC progression were investigated through in vitro and in vivo assays. Functional studies confirmed that PRAME facilitated the proliferation, invasion, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of LSCC cells, and PRAME also promoted tumor growth in vivo. HDAC5 was identified as an upstream regulator that can affect the expression of PRAME. Moreover, PRAME played the role at least partially by activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. The above findings elucidate that PRAME may be a valuable oncogene target, contributing to the diagnosis and therapy of LSCC.
Westenfeindlichkeit in den islamischen Ländern
Authors: Aslan Ednan
Published: March 2023

Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der wachsenden Westenfeindlichkeit in den islamischen Ländern, welches derzeit vor allem in Medien und Politik konstruiert wird und die Wahrnehmung der westlichen Staaten und ihrer Werte maßgeblich beeinflusst, so dass die Verwestlichung mit moralischer Dekadenz in der Welt gleichgesetzt wird. Das Ziel dieses Beitrages besteht darin, die politischen und islamistischen Hintergründe der Westenfeindlichkeit zu erschließen und die aktuellen Diskussionen zur Stellung der westlichen Werte in islamisch geprägten Kulturen zu erörtern.
Developmentalism as Internationalism
Authors: Thornton Christy
Published: March 2023

Drawing on the methodological insights of Global Historical Sociology, this article argues for a relational reconceptualization of the origins of the international development project as rooted in demands emanating from the poorer countries themselves, particularly in Latin America. First, this article traces how sociologists and development scholars have conventionally understood the origins of the international development project, arguing that post-development scholarship has left a lasting imprint even among those scholars who might reject some of its underlying premises. It then returns to the historical record to reconstruct a new empirical history of the origins of the international development project by examining, especially, the relations between Latin American actors and those from the Global North. This reconstruction, mobilizing little-studied archival records from Latin America and reading them in relation to and against the conventional sources from the United States and Europe, reveals that the key institutions that emerged at mid-century to govern the development project were, in fact, the product of sustained demands from below—the product of an ongoing relation between North and South. The article concludes by considering what this historical reconstruction means for the ways that sociologists understand, write about, and teach the international development project, arguing that this relational understanding of its origins is necessary for any project to “decolonize development.”
STRUCTURAL, MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF NEODYMIUM SUBSTITUTED COBALT ZINC FERRITES NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED VIA CO-PRECIPITATION METHOD
Authors:   Institute of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan, SHIFA M. S. , KHAN M. I. ,   Department of Physics, Government College University Faisalabad, MUSTAQEEM M. ,   Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, MUNIR T. ,   Department of Physics, Government College University Faisalabad, GILANI Z. A. ,   Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, NOOR UL HUDA KHAN ASGHAR H. M. ,   Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, AHMED M. S. ,   Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Govt. Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan, QURESHI I. ,   Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology, Bannu, Bannu, Pakistan
Published: March 2023

Neodymium (Nd) doped cobalt, zincferrite nanoparticles, i.e; Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2-xNdxO4, were synthesized using co-precipitation method. The compositional characterization was done by Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and XRD. To understand the structural and magnetic properties of cation dispersal has been proposed and found to be in agreement with experimental observations. The XRD analysis confirmed that the prepared material is single phase spinel cubic. XRD analysis gave average crystallite size in the range 29.9-31.4 nm. There was a slight increase in crystallite size with the Neodymium substitution. The average value of lattice parameter came as 8.095-8.26 Å. The absorption bands observed through FTIR analysis were in the expected range for the single phase spinel cubic. SEM analysis showed that the irregular grains were formed in the micrometer range.
First principle study of electronic properties of 2D MXene for MXene/metal oxides memristor application
Authors:   School of Information Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, 330063, Nanchang, P. R. China, Wen J. , Ou Q. ,   School of Information Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, 330063, Nanchang, P. R. China, Xiong B. ,   School of Information Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, 330063, Nanchang, P. R. China
Published: March 2023

Physical role of a novel two-dimensional (2D) MXene material, Cr2C, in determining the electrical conduction behavior of metal oxide memristor was studied here. Today one emerging application of 2D MXene materials is possessed from its ability to accelerate the formation of the conductive filaments inside the resistive oxide-based memristor device. The cause of such an improvement however remains mysterious. To address this issue, Cr2C, was introduced into the Ag/Cr2C/Pt stack to calculate its electronic structure and conductive characteristics via density functional theory. It was found that that most regions inside the Ag/Cr2C/Pt stack were occupied by electrons. The studied stack without the presence of an energy gap indicated its metal-like property. Additionally, the investigated Ag/Cr2C/Pt stack generated lower energy barrier than other conventional MXenes such as Ti3C2 and V2N. Such low energy barrier led to higher device electron diffusivity, mobility, and electrical conductivity. This undoubtedly benefited the formation of the conductive filaments inside the memristor device
Structural, magnetic and electrical properties of nickelthin films deposited on Si (100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition
Authors:   Department of Physics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan, Rizwan M. N. , Bell C. ,   School of Physics, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, BS8 1TL, UK, Kalyar M. A. ,   Department of Physics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan, Makhdoom A. R. ,   Department of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Rachna College of Engineering and Technology, UET, Lahore, Anwar-ul-Haq M. ,   Department of Physics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan, Gilory E. ,   School of Physics, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, BS8 1TL, UK
Published: March 2023

Nickel thin films have been deposited on silicon (100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition at various substrate temperatures, Ts , in the range 100 - 700 ºC. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms nickel phases are present for Ts in the range 100 - 300 ºC, while above 500 ºC Ni-Si phases were observed. The grain size and roughness of thin films were in the range 30 nm - 590 nm and 4.3 - 15.7 nm respectively for thickness of the films is in the range 45 nm - 100 nm. Systematic variation with Ts was found for these morphological parameters, as well as the ratio of the remnant to saturation magnetic moment, magnetic coercivity and magnetoresistance.
Investigation of temperature effect on structural and magnetic properties of La-doped cobalt ferrites
Authors:   Department of Physics, Bahauddin, Zakariya University Multan, 60800, Pakistan, Mustafa G. , Ahmed I. ,   Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan, Subhani M. U. ,   Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan, Shabaz M. ,   Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan, Iqbal M. ,   Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan, Enam-ul-Haq  ,   Department of Physics, University of Sargodha, Lyallpur Campus, FSD, Pakistan, Abbas S. ,   Department of Physics, University of Sargodha, Lyallpur Campus, FSD, Pakistan, Mehmood R. ,   Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
Published: March 2023

In the present work, La+3 - substituted Co-ferrites of chemical composition CoLa0.06Fe1.94O4 (x = 0.06) was prepared applying the co-precipitation method and prepared samples was annealed at different temperatures such as 700-1200 °C for 6 h with step interval of 100 °C. The uniqueness of this work is that only x= 0.06 sample to study the effect of cubic spinel microstructure at different annealed temperatures was selected. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and VSM. The XRD and FTIR techniques confirm the spinel ferrite structure. The average crystallite size was found 26.5 nm to 106 nm by using Scherer’s formula. When the temperature was increased, average crystallite size also increased. SEM images showed that the size of grain increased with increase of annealing temperature and confirmed the particle size as analysed by XRD. EDX spectra clarified the presence of elements in the samples by showing their respective characteristics peaks of Co, O, La, and as per prepared composition. From M-H loop, the obtained values of Ms = 59.74 emu/g and coercivity ≥ 700 Oe showed that prepared magnetic samples may be applied as magnetic recording media.
Preparation and optimization of heterojunction donor(DLC) – acceptor(SI) as a solar cell by DFT and PLD
Authors:   Department of Polymer and Petrochemical Industries, College of Materials Engineering, University of Babylon, Babil, Iraq, Kadhim M. H. , Hasan A. S. ,   Department of Polymer and Petrochemical Industries, College of Materials Engineering, University of Babylon, Babil, Iraq, Akraa M. A. ,   Department of Polymer and Petrochemical Industries, College of Materials Engineering, University of Babylon, Babil, Iraq, Layla A. Y. ,   Department of Polymer and Petrochemical Industries, College of Materials Engineering, University of Babylon, Babil, Iraq
Published: March 2023

Hybrid bilayer heterojunction (DLC) thin-film P-type as an active donor layer and (Si) thin-film n-type as an acceptor with (Electron Transport Layer ), were fabricated using Qswitching Nd-YAG Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) method under vacuum condition 10-3 torr on two electrodes for (AL) Aluminum material is used to construct the hydride bilayer heterojunction photovoltaic solar cell (PVSC). The electrical properties of hybrid heterojunction Al / DLC / SI / AL thin film were studied. The result showed the voltage of open circuit (Vm=0.145V ), a short circuit (Jm=9.3mA/cm2 ), and the fill factor (FF) of (0.4709), with Xenon lamp with an intensity (235mw/cm2 ), the conversion efficiency (η=3.54%) at thickness(75nm). While the theoretical calculations and optimization of the HETEROJUNCTION confirmed the possibility of using it as a successful solar cell, the calculation of the small energy gap and thus the high electrical conductivity, and the determination of the type of charge carriers(p), as well as some electronic properties such as electrostatic potential surfaces and 3-D electron density, hardness, softness and electrophilicity, were clarified.
Photo-generation profiles in deeply-etched, two-dimensional patterns in interdigitated back contact solar cells
Authors:   Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Rais A. R. M. , Sepeai S. ,   Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Desa M. K. M. ,   School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia, Ibrahim M. A. ,   Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Ker P. J. ,   Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAMUNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia, Zaidi S. H. ,   Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Sopian K. ,   Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: March 2023

Interdigitated back contact (IBC) crystalline silicon solar cell model has been developed by using SILVACO in order to achieve design optimization in non-conventional device configurations. The SILVACO software was employed to evaluate performance of IBC solar cell as a function of texture while keeping identical semiconductor process parameters including doping of emitter, BSF and FSF. Based on the period of the pyramidal texturing, the textured surface can be distributed uniformly throughout the solar cell as exhibited by the 40-μm period pattern for which the incident is uniformly and deeply penetrated inside the IBC solar cell. Therefore, efficiency of the IBC solar cell is boosted to 23.31% in comparison with 22.36% from planar IBC solar cell. The photo-generation profile for planar surface is not uniformly and deeply distributed throughout the IBC solar cell but for P40D20 the distribution of incident photons well distributed and penetrates deeper into IBC solar cell which leads to improved IBC solar cell performance. For IBC solar cells with periods larger than 40 μm, performance is degraded due to formation of shadows within the solar cell located at grooves of pyramid. These shadows effectively reduce number of photons and therefore degrade solar cell performance. Hence, the texturization process can boost solar cell performance only if appropriate parameters are chosen otherwise reduced performance can result due to enhanced shadow effects inside the solar cell even though the front surface has no metallic contacts to physically block light.
Photochemical synthesized NiO nanoparticles based dye-sensitized solar cells: a comparative study on the counter lectrodes and dye-sensitized concentrations
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, Kamil A. F. , Abdullah H. I. ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, Rheima A. M. ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Wasit, kut, Iraq, Mohammed S. H. ,   Department of Chemistry, College of education, University of garmian, kalar, Iraq
Published: March 2023

In this project, we report on the prepare of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) via a photolysis method using UV lamb followed by calcination at 400 C for 3 h. the synthesized Nano-powder were investigated field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The SEM image confirmed the crystal structure of the synthesized NiO nanoparticles with an average particle size of 23 nm, and the XRD analysis revealed the absence of impurity peaks. The optical properties were analyzed using photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), and the bandgap was determined to be 3.4 eV. The semiconductor property, which can be exploited for solar cell applications, is responsible for the broad bandgap. To make dyesensitized solar cells (DSSC), we used photo-chemically synthesized NiO NPs as a photoanode. Two counter electrode were used in this study: Graphene oxide Nano-Sheets and Graphene oxide\silver nanocomposite. cibacron brilliant red B is one of the dyes that are used in the textile factory of Wasit Governorate, and the rest of it is often discarded as waste water Which we used in our study as a photosensitizer. The open-circuit voltage (Voc), short t current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF), and efficiency (h) were determined from the J-V curves, where efficiency was between 0.231 to 1.47 %, at 100 mW/cm2. Finally, it can be confirmed that the presence of nickel oxide nanoparticles with a cibacron brilliant red B dye can improve the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells.
Structural, optical and magnetic properties of Co(Cobalt) doped SnO2 nanoparticles by one stepmethod
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Dept.of Physics, Gobi Arts& Science College, Gobichettipalayam, Tamilnadu, India, Priyadharsini A. , Saravanakumar M. ,   Assistant Professor, Dept.of Physics, Gobi Arts& Science College, Gobichettipalayam, Tamilnadu, India, Krishnappa M. RM. ,   Associate Professor, Dept.of Physics, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College , Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India, Mohanapriya N. ,   Assistant Professor, Dept.of Chemistry, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College , Coimbatore, Tamilnadu,India, Kavitha S. ,   Assistant Professor, Dept.of Physics, Gobi Arts& Science College, Gobichettipalayam, Tamilnadu, India, Prabaharan K. ,   Assitant Professor, Department of Physics, Hindustan College of Engineering and Tecchnology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
Published: March 2023

Cobalt doped SnO2 nanoparticles were prepared for different molar concentration 2%, 4% & 6% of Co by Chemical co precipitation method. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible absorption spectra, Photoluminescence (PL), High Resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Vibrating sample magnetometer for their Structural, Optical and Magnetic Properties. The doping concentration of Co induces crystal phase, crystallite size, lattice distortion, optical and magnetic properties were investigated. XRD Results showed that Co2+ replaces Sn4+ in the crystal lattice of SnO2, which enhanced the growth of crystallite size and suppressed the transformation from anatase to rutile phase due to lattice distortion produced in SnO2. The UV absorption studies concluded the band gap of Co doped SnO2 nanoparticles decreased from 3.79 eV to 3.62 eV in visible region. PL spectra exhibit only a broad emission peak in the range of 420 nm to 540 nm and excitation is observed at the wavelength of 385 nm. New energy levels are not formed in the band structure to produce new emission due to Co doping and also indicates that the substitution of Co2+ ions for Sn4+ ions without the formation of other additional energy levels. Due to increasing Co concentration in SnO2, the emission energies are decreasing the peak intensities. An efficient method for inducing the ferromagnetic behavior from increasing the Co concentration from 2% to 6 % was known from the magnetization versus magnetic field (M–H) curves at room temperature of the Co doped SnO2 samples. The dominant magnetic interaction between Co ions, and hence, the ferromagnetic behaviour increases for increase in Co2+ doping concentration.Consequently, to achieve the good ferromagnetic character in these materials, the concentration of Co dopant has to be properly optimized.
Reduction of bandgap of ITO film and possibility of use as a window layer by incorporation of copper
Authors:   Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 80203 Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia, Ahmed M. , Bakry A. ,   Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 80203 Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia, Shaaban E. R. ,   Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al - Azhar University, P.O. 71452, Assiut, Egypt, Dalir H. ,   Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Washington University, 20052, Washington, D.C., USA
Published: March 2023

We report on reduction of the bandgap energy of ITO films by incorporation of copper along with thermal annealing for use as a window layer in optoelectronic applications such as solar cells. Using a conventional solid state reaction method, high purity In2O3 and SnO2 (99.99%) powders were mixed in a mass ratio of 75:25 in a ball milling for about one hour to fabricate ITO alloys. Electron beam evaporation was used to prepare an an ITO film with thickness of about 165 nm on a glass substrate. By immersing the films in a solution of Cu(NO3)2 (1g/1000ml) for 30 min, the prepared films were doped by ion exchange with Cu. Furthermore, the doped films were annealed in air at different temperatures for the diffusion of dopant Cu content (100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 oC) for 30 min. The (EDAX) was used to set the initial treatment composition. The XRD pattern was used to identify the cubic phase of the ITO films. Using spectroscopic ellipsomerty, the film thickness, refractive index as well as extinction coefficient of the film was determined in terms of a three layers model. We show that the refractive index and extinction coefficient increase with incorporation of Cu and the annealing temperature. The possible transition in the as deposited and annealed films were found to allow direct transitions with reduction of the band gap energy from 3.50 to 2.75 eV with the increase of the annealing temperature. This means that the lower layer of ITO behaves as a window layer and is a shallow layer available as a buffer layer of solar cell.
Investigate the effect of temperature, length, width, and thickness of substrate on thermal conductivity of graphene copper nanocomposites
Authors:   Physics Department, Govt College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan, Anjam Q. , Hussain F. ,   Materials Simulation Research Laboratory (MSRL), Department of Physics Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan, Imran M. ,   Physics Department, Govt College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan, Amin N. ,   Physics Department, Govt College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan, Munir T. ,   Physics Department, Govt College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
Published: March 2023

The novel thermal conductivity of graphene-copper (GN/Cu) nanocomposites, which include thermal transport of phonons and electrons, has attracted tremendous attention for the development of next-generation nanoelectronic and optoelectronic device applications. To study the effect of temperature, length, width, and substrate thickness on thermal conductivity, Large-Scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS) software has been taken to perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The Green Kubo methods with Embedded Atom Method (EAM), Reactive Empirical Bond Order (REBO), andLenard-Jones (L-J) potentials were used to analyze interactions of atoms. First of all, the thermal conductivity of copper and graphene at 300k temperature has been observed. The thermal conductivity of (GN, GN/Cu (10 0), GN/Cu (110), and GN/Cu (111)) was observed by a wide range of temperature (300K to 1000K). Thermal conductivities of GN, GN/Cu (1 0 0), GN/Cu (1 1 0) and GN/Cu (1 1 1) at 300k were obtained as 1500 Wm-1K -1 ,1204Wm-1K -1 ,1005 Wm -1K -1 ,897 Wm -1K -1 respectively. It was witnessed that the thermal conductivity of GN/Cu (1 0 0), GN/Cu (1 1 0), and GN/Cu (1 1 1) decreased by 80.26%, 67%, 59.8% as compared to graphene by changing temperature. It was also observed that thermal conductivity of GN/Cu (1 0 0), GN/Cu (1 1 0), and GN/Cu (1 1 1) decreased by 231.30%, 221.01%, 231.26% with the change in thickness of the substrate. It was calculated that thermal conductivity of GN/Cu (1 0 0), GN/Cu (1 1 0), GN/Cu (1 1 1) increased by 290.7%, 323.98%, 523.1% within length variation from 7nm to 11.0nm.It was also calculated that thermal conductivity of GN/Cu (1 0 0), GN/Cu (1 1 0), GN/Cu (1 1 1) increased by 290.7%, 323.98%, 523.1% within width variation from 0.8 nm to 2.0 nm. Finally, it was concluded that thermal conductivity increased with the increase of length as well as width. It was investigated that the above-mentioned parameters significantly improve the thermal conductivity of GN/Cu (111), which is beneficial for high-performance nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices include solar cells.
An investigation of annealing and (Zn + Co) co-loading impact on certain physical features of nano-structured (CdO) thin films coated by a sol-gel spin coating process
Authors:   Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Diyala, Iraq, Mohammed K. S. , Mansoor J. M. ,   Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Diyala, Iraq, Alzanganawee J. ,   Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Diyala, Iraq, Iftimie S. ,   Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
Published: March 2023

Transparent conducting pure and (Co + Zn) co-loaded CdO films were coated by sol-gel spin coating technique with various (cobalt + Zinc) co-loading concentrations. XRD analysis explained the polycrystalline nature of the coated samples with cubic crystal structure along (111) plane being the preferential orientation. The surface morphology and thickness of the prepared thin-films were analyzed by Field Effect Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and cross-sectional FESEM, respectively. The RMS surface roughness was analyzed by Atomic Force Microscopy AFM measurements. The existence of Cd, Co, Zn, and O elements was confirmed by “Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) spectra”. The red-shift of energy-gap from 2.76 eV to 2.20 eV was carried out by using the Tauc;s and Davis-Mott mathematical relations, in high absorption regions. The shifting from the n-type to p-type semiconductor behavior for the coated samples was estimated by 4 points probe and average Hall coefficient value sign.
Outcomes of lenvatinib therapy in poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Roque João , Nunes Silva Tiago , Regala Catarina , Rodrigues Ricardo , Leite Valeriano
Published: March 2023

Background and objective

Lenvatinib showed promising results in a subgroup of patients with poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) in the SELECT trial. Our aim was to report the effectiveness and tolerability of lenvatinib in our series of PDTC patients.

Methods

Medical records of eight consecutive patients with PDTC treated with lenvatinib in a single center between January 2019 and October 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion criteria were PDTC diagnosis based on Turin criteria and evidence of disease progression in the previous 6 months.

Results

Eight PDTC patients received an average dose of lenvatinib of 18.1 mg for a median duration of treatment of 10.3 months. The baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was ≥2 in 50% of patients. Two patients had unresectable primary tumor. Seven patients showed extrathyroidal disease, particularly mediastinal lymph nodes (85.7%), lung (71.4%), and bone (71.4%). The disease control rate was 100%, with partial response and stable disease in 12.5 and 87.5%, respectively. The median time to best overall response was 3 months, and the median duration of response was 7.5 months. Median progression-free survival was 12 months and median overall survival was not reached. At 6, 12, and 18 months, overall survival was 87.5, 71.4, and 57.1%, respectively. All patients experienced drug-related adverse effects (AEs). Four (50%) had dose reductions and two (25%) had temporary treatment interruptions. Lenvatinib was stopped in two patients due to grade ≥3 AEs.

Conclusion

Lenvatinib is an effective treatment for real-world PDTC patients. Adequate management of comorbidities and AEs increases treatment tolerability and minimizes dose reductions.
Effective Return Prevention Measures in the Post-purchase Stage: A Best-Worst Scaling Approach
Authors: Brand Benedikt M. , Kopplin Cristopher Siegfried
Published: March 2023

Within the rather nascent literature stream examining product returns, the authors identify that the vast majority of studies enlightens return avoidance measures (before ordering), whereas return averting measures (after purchasing) showed to increase customer satisfaction the most. Moreover, extant literature is characterized by methodological paucity, which prevents a more diverse view on the problem of product returns. As a result, the authors enrich the literature by conducting a Best-Worst Scaling (BWS) experiment dealing with various product averting measures (including different types of measures with different levels of immediacy). Focusing on the most frequent online shopping segment (Generation Y) and the second most frequently occurring reason for product returns (i.e., consumers did not like the product), the authors exploratively evince that monetary/utilitarian measures are preferred most and are effective, as well as funding of social and sustainability projects. However, substantial differences were detected based on consumers’ green consumption values. Apart from that, the study contributes to the BWS literature by outlining the necessity to include anchor scaling and quality assessment criteria.
Rewards for a Healthy Lifestyle: The Impact of Reward Type and Timing in Pay-As-You-Live Pricing
Authors: Unger Franziska , Steul-Fischer Martina
Published: March 2023

The emergence of pay-as-you-live (PAYL) pricing mechanisms in health insurance represents a promising development with the potential to reduce long-term costs for insurers via encouraging healthier lifestyles among consumers. PAYL plans reward consumers’ health-promoting behaviors with a discount on their insurance premium or with cash or non-cash bonuses. We conducted two experimental studies investigating the impact of reward type (discounts on insurance premiums, cash rewards, non-cash rewards) and reward timing (monthly, annually) on consumers’ health behavior intentions. Our findings show that consumers’ reward evaluation mediates the influence of reward type on consumers’ health behavior intentions. Evaluations of discounts on premiums and cash rewards are more positive than those of non-cash rewards. Further, monthly rewards lead to significantly stronger health behavior intentions than do annual rewards.
Der Vermögenserwerb in der deutschen Investitionskontrolle
Authors: Salaschek Uwe , Schipke Maximilian
Published: March 2023

Der Beitrag stellt die Anwendung der deutschen Investitionskontrolle auf den Erwerb von Vermögensgegenständen in Abgrenzung zum Erwerb von Unternehmensanteilen dar. Die Ergänzung des § 55 Abs. 1a AWV und des § 60 Abs. 1a AWV durch die 15. AWV-Änderungs-VO haben diesbezüglich keine ausreichende Klarheit geschaffen. Fest steht zwar, dass der Vermögenserwerb beim Kauf eines abgrenzbaren Betriebsteils von der Investitionskontrolle erfasst wird. Unter welchen Umständen hingegen der Erwerb einzelner Vermögensgegenstände erfasst wird, bleibt der Auslegung durch den Rechtsanwender überlassen. Dies führt nicht zuletzt wegen des strafbewehrten Vollzugsverbots zu erheblicher Rechtsunsicherheit – insbesondere bei Transaktionen, die den Erwerb immaterieller Betriebsmittel, wie z. B. Technologien und IP-Rechte, zum Gegenstand haben. Die für die deutsche Fusionskontrolle maßgeblichen Entwicklungen können allenfalls teilweise übertragen werden und auch die internationale Investitionskontrollpraxis ist wenig einheitlich.
Sonderzivil(prozess)recht für kartellrechtliche Schadensersatzansprüche?
Authors: Mallmann Roman A. , Leinemann Franziska
Published: March 2023

In Kartellschadensersatzprozessen gelten die allgemeinen zivil- und zivilprozessrechtlichen Grundlagen. Diese werden bisweilen von der Prämisse des Private Enforcements und des effet utile überlagert. Die Verfasser diskutieren anhand ausgewählter Beispiele, inwieweit deshalb eine den Anspruchstellern entgegenkommende Anwendung des Zivil(prozess)rechts geboten beziehungsweise gerechtfertigt ist. Zunächst befassen sie sich mit der Darlegung und dem Beweis der streitgegenständlichen Bezugsvorgänge sowie der tatsächlichen Vermutung eines kartellbedingten Schadens, die sich in der Rechtsprechung etabliert hat. Ferner greifen sie die Tendenz auf, das Beweisrecht kartellrechtsspezifisch weiterzuentwickeln. Sie betrachten zudem den Vorstoß einzelner Gerichte, den Kartellschaden ohne Sachverständigengutachten selbst zu schätzen.

Auf der Grundlage dieser Bestandsaufnahme meinen die Verfasser, dass für ein Sonderzivil- beziehungsweise -zivilprozessrecht in Kartellschadensersatzfällen kein Bedürfnis besteht und verneinen somit die im Titel gestellte Ausgangsfrage.
Kartellrechtsanwendung durch Regulierungsbehörden und regulierungsbehördliche Vorverfahren für Kartellzivilklagen
Authors: Ante Johann
Published: March 2023

Leitsatz des Gerichts:

Art. 30 RL 2001/14/EG des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates vom 26. Februar 2001 über die Zuweisung von Fahrwegkapazität der Eisenbahn und die Erhebung von Entgelten für die Nutzung von Eisenbahninfrastruktur in der durch die RL 2007/58/EG des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates vom 23. Oktober 2007 geänderten Fassung ist wie folgt auszulegen:

Er steht dem nicht entgegen, dass die nationalen Gerichte bei der Entscheidung über eine Klage auf Rückzahlung der Entgelte für die Nutzung von Infrastruktur gleichzeitig Art. 102 AEUV und das einzelstaatliche Wettbewerbsrecht anwenden, sofern die zuständige Regulierungsstelle vorher über die Rechtmäßigkeit der betreffenden Entgelte entschieden hat. Insoweit sind die nationalen Gerichte zur loyalen Zusammenarbeit verpflichtet; sie müssen bei ihrer Würdigung die Entscheidungen der zuständigen Regulierungsstelle berücksichtigen und sich bei der Begründung ihrer eigenen Entscheidungen mit dem gesamten Inhalt der ihnen vorgelegten Akten auseinandersetzen.
The effect of ultrasonic oscillation on the quality of 3D shapes during deep-drawing of paperboard
Authors: Löwe Albrecht , Hauptmann Marek , Majschak Jens-Peter
Published: March 2023

In this publication, the ultrasonic-assisted deep-drawing of fiber-based materials, whose implementation was presented in Löwe et al. (2016), was studied in detail. Methods were developed for measuring the properties of deep-drawn cups, including cup stability, shape deviation, and surface quality. The relationship between these properties and the process parameters were determined with a design of experiment, which allows the user to adjust the cup properties in order to optimize them.
Lignocellulose degradation by Daedaleopsis confragosa and D. tricolor
Authors: Stajić Mirjana , Ćilerdžić Jasmina , Galić Milica , Ivanović Žarko , Vukojević Jelena
Published: March 2023

The properties and capacities of the ligninolytic enzymes of Daedaleopsis spp. are still unknown. This is the first study on the effect of plant residues and period of cultivation on the properties of Mn-oxidizing peroxidases and laccases of D. confragosa and D. tricolor, as well as their ligninolytic potentials. Wheat straw was the optimal carbon source for synthesis of highly active Mn-dependent peroxidases (4126.9 U/L in D. confragosa and 2037.9 U/L in D. tricolor). However, laccases were the predominant enzymes, and the best inducer of their activity (up 16000.0 U/L) was cherry sawdust. Wheat straw was the most susceptible plant residue to the effect of the enzymes, and extent of lignin degradation was 43.3% after 14 days of fermentation with D. tricolor. However, D. confragosa was a more effective lignin degrader, as it converted even 21.3% wheat straw lignin on the 6th day of cultivation. The results of the study clearly showed that delignification extent depends on mushroom species and on the type of plant residue, which is extremely important for potential use in biotechnological processes.
Depolymerization characteristics during the pyrolysis of two industrial lignins
Authors: Chu Jiangyong , Jiang Weikun , Wu Shubin
Published: March 2023

For the value-added utilization of industrial lignin both from pulping black liquor and acid hydrolysis residues, the eucalyptus alkali lignin (AL) and enzymatic mild acidolysis corncob-to-xylitol residue lignin (EMARL) were isolated. Their pyrolysis behaviors were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The chemical bonds of EMARL were easier to break than AL at relatively lower temperatures, which was confirmed by the relationship between temperature and the differential absorbance of functional groups (such as carbonyl and hydroxyl). Based on the analysis of pyrolysis products, the value-added monomers were the main products. At 400 °C, AL mainly contained guaiacyl-type and syringyl-type compounds and the yields were 28.95% and 62.54%, respectively, while EMARL contained more guaiacyl-type products (62.96%). When the temperature was increased to 600 °C, the contents of phenol-type increased, suggesting that the demethoxylation reaction occurred during lignin pyrolysis. Study of the characteristics of pyrolysis could be significant for understanding the thermochemical depolymerization of AL and EMARL for value-added products.
Synthesis of triazine derivative and its application in the modification of cellulose nanocrystals
Authors: Yin Yuanyuan , Zhao Lina , Jiang Xue , Wang Hongbo , Gao Weidong
Published: March 2023

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were modified with triazine derivative in an effort to decrease the hydrophilicity of CNCs and improve their thermal stability. In recent decades, much attention has been given to the modification of CNCs to broaden their use in various applications, such as in nanocomposites, as adsorbents for the disposal of wastewater, and so on. The CNCs with a rod-like shape were obtained from cotton through sulfuric acid hydrolysis. Hydrophobic triazine derivative was synthesized via the reaction between triazine and n-butylamine (BA) and then applied to modify CNCs to improve their thermal stability and diminish the hydrophilicity of the nanoparticles. Results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated a 150 °C increase in the initial thermal decomposition temperature of modified nanocrystals compared to the original CNCs. The improved thermal stability of modified CNCs was attributed to a shielding effect of the hydrophobic aliphatic amine layer on the surface of the nanoparticles. The results of the dynamic contact angle measurement revealed a decrease of hydrophilicity of the modified CNCs.
The Clinician’s Guide to Pediatric Nutrition
Authors: Muth Natalie D. , Tanaka Mary
Published: March 2023

This new reference provides primary care clinicians with essential nutrition information, guidance, tools, and resources needed to offer patients optimal nutrition care in the primary care setting. Available for purchase at https://www.aap.org/the-clinicians-guide-to-pediatric-nutrition-paperback/
Volume and Severity of Pediatric COVID-19 Hospitalizations in the United States
Authors: Milliren Carly E. , Ozonoff Al
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVES

Using administrative data from pediatric hospitals in the United States, we examined trends in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalizations and severity of disease among children.

METHODS

We extracted data from the Pediatric Health Information System for hospitalized patients less than 12 years old with COVID-19 (identified by primary or secondary International Classification of Diseases-10 diagnosis code U07.1) admitted from April 2020 to August 2022. We examined weekly trends in COVID hospitalization volume overall and by ICU utilization as a measure of severe disease and by COVID diagnosis hierarchy (primary versus secondary) as a proxy for incidental admissions. We estimated the annualized trend in the ratio of hospitalizations requiring, versus not requiring, ICU care and the trend in ratio of hospitalizations with a primary versus secondary COVID diagnosis.

RESULTS

We included 38 160 hospitalizations across 45 hospitals. Median age was 2.4 years (interquartile range = 0.7–6.6). Median length of stay was 2.0 days (interquartile range = 1–4). ICU-level care was required for 18.9% and 53.8% had a primary diagnosis of COVID-19. The ratio of ICU to non-ICU admissions declined by 14.5% annually (95% confidence interval: −21.7% to −7.26%; P < .001), whereas the ratio of primary to secondary diagnosis was stable (11.7% annually; 95% confidence interval: −8.83% to 32.4%; P = .26).

CONCLUSIONS

Periodic increases in pediatric COVID-19 hospitalizations with are evident. However, there is no evidence of corresponding increase in severity of illness that may provide context for recent reports of increasing pediatric COVID hospitalizations in addition to health policy implications.