bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE POLICY REGARDING PRISONS PRIVATIZATION: POSSIBILITIES AND CHALLENGES OF THE PRE-SENT
Authors:   National Academy of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine named after Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, Nikolaienko Tetiana
Published: December 2020

. The article is devoted to the privatization of prisons and the provision of commercial services to improve the detention conditions of persons taken into custody in the pre-trial detention centers of the State Penitentiary Service of Ukraine. These issues have become relevant in modern conditions of experimental projects of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. The author of the article has used a comparative approach to define the effectiveness of the implemented projects and the efficiency of public policy in this area. The experience of countries, in which private prisons and the provision of services on a paying basis have proven their effectiveness and gained popularity in the world, has been studied. An analysis of the state policy implementation in this area in such countries as the United States, Norway, France has been accomplished. It showed that paid ser-vices related to the organization of executions, employment of prisoners, the possibility of obtaining certain funds, ensuring health care is carried out exclusively by organizations (corporations), which provide them. Peculiarities of their activity, legal aspects of standardization and possibilities of use in the national space have been investigated. An analysis of a experimental project introduced by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine to provide commercial services to persons taken into custody in pre-trial detention facilities of the State Penitentiary Service of Ukraine and a project to sell prisons has been carried out. It has been established that for the effectiveness of their implementation it is advisable to take into account the conditions in which the state is, its capabilities, current realities, including the impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic and the probable risks. It has been proposed to consider the provision of commercial services to im-prove the conditions of persons taken into custody in pre-trial detention centers and the privatization of prisons as a multifaceted phenomenon in the context of the state policy of reforming (development) of the penitentiary service. It has been recom-mended to involve the private sector in the state penitentiary system, taking into ac-count the foreign experience, normalize the legal aspects of its activities, optimize the network of existing state-owned enterprises, penitentiary institutions, to ensure the efficiency of their functioning and to provide adequate detention conditions of accused persons (convicts) through effective interaction of the penitentiary service (state) with the private sector and active involvement of local authorities.
CREATING F MODEL OF EFFICIENCY OF INTERNAL CONTROL OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
Authors:   Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University, Klius Yulia , Izhboldina Anzhelika ,   Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University
Published: December 2020

At the present stage of development of economic relations in Ukraine there is a need to improve management functions is growing. Control is one of the most important management functions because it is carried out in a specific system, at a specific level of management and integrates with each of the management functions, providing them organization and implementation. Leading domestic and foreign scientists have considered control as a multifaceted concept, codes include management principles; stages of the management process; management functions, etc. Therefore, the issue of effective implementation of internal control in industrial enterprises is relevant and requires detailed study. Implementation of Ukraine's strategic course to build a socially oriented economy of the European type and ensure its sustainable development requires a significant increase in the efficiency of the management system of an industrial enterprise and one of its main components – the internal control system. Domestic enterprises, as a rule, do not have sufficient experience in the development and implementation of systems that allow timely signaling of compliance with management decisions of the mission and strategic development goals. As a result, opportunities for development of both domestic and foreign markets for industrial products are reduced, the process of progressive structural adjustment of the economy is complicated. The author draws attention to the fact that system of internal control is certain internal rules and control procedures introduced by the company's management to ensure stable and efficient operation of the enterprise, adhered to internal economic policy, stored and rationally used assets of the enterprise, prevented any falsification, detected errors, ensured accuracy and completeness. accounting records, timely preparation of financial information, etc. The main scientific result is to study the place and importance of internal control in the management of the enterprise: The approaches of scientists to determine the place of the internal control function among the management functions are systematized. On the basis of a critical assessment of the views of scientists formed the functional orientation of the internal control function. It is concluded that the control functions, integrating with other management functions, create direct and feedback between units of the enterprise and significantly increase the efficiency of its implementation.
POSTMODERN TENDENCIES IN UKRAINIAN BALLET IN SOVIET TIMES IN THE 60S-80S OF THE 20TH CENTURY
Authors:   Rivne State Humanities University, Markevych Larysa
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the artistic language evolution in the Ukrainian national ballet performance in terms of the creative process and the gained image-result – the author’s and the performer’s reflection (certain specifics of thinking), directly creative action, the form of existence of a choreographic work. The well-known choreographers-directors’ creative activity of Ukrainian performances of the above period has been analyzed, the peculiarities of the work of each of them have been revealed. Emphasis is focuses on expanding the thematic range of ballet works in the practice of the national stage. The specifics of the work of Ukrainian composers in the field of the national ballet genre have been identified; the evolution of the artistic language in ballet in historical retrospect has been defined. It has been emphasized that an important aspect for the choreographic language formation of the Ukrainian national ballet performance was the embodiment of the historical and the heroic themes. The canonical feature of the stylistic certainty of the Ukrainian national ballet performance is the combination of the heroic motives and the lyrical-romantic perspective of the image of opposing forces. Having analyzed significant historiographical material, it has been proved the difference between the national ballet performance of the 60s and 80s of the twentieth century from the similar productions in other republics. Based on a comprehensive analysis of a number of ballet performances of the 60-80s of the twentieth century, the following functions of the artistic language in the structure of this genre have been identified: expressive, emotional, figurative, symbolic, and thematic contrast. It is the transformation of the functions of the artistic language that leads to changes in the genre and the style format of a ballet performance.
POLYPHONY IN ORIGINAL WORKS FOR BANDURA
Authors:   M. Glinka Dnipropetrovsk Academy of Music, Shchitova Svitlana
Published: December 2020

The article is aimed at analyzing a number of original polyphonic works for bandura in various genres, belonging to a leading composer of the Dnieper region, Honored Artist of Ukraine Valentina Martyniuk. Published in the form of a textbook composer «Ukrainian song in polyphonic works for bandura», these works are in great demand among performers, pupils, students and teachers of all levels of education. They are often heard in concert programs, competitions and festivals. This fact is due to the appeal to polyphonic bandura works as self-sufficient original compositions, which organically combined many ways of counterpoint technique and the latest compositional techniques with authentic folklore material or national song melody. This organic synthesis was achieved thanks to the high professional level of the master in collaboration with the famous representative of the bandura school Svitlana Ovcharova. It was such a creative union that contributed to the most comfortable, natural sound of the bandura; Deprived of the vocal voice of her performer, she absorbs the vocals from the song as the foundation of each play. Thus, the instrument seems to replace the words of the song with a purely instrumental sound. But the words are read in every polyphonic play by V. Martyniuk. It is noteworthy that the composer expands the «range» of polyphonic genres and combines technically simple, more traditional inventions with cyclical works, which do not follow certain canons and uses a wide range of possible genre combinations – chorale and fugue, fantasy, fugue and epilogue, fugue and kolomyyka, etc. Such compositions deploy a contrasting material that requires both greater alignment and the achievement of a true concert performance style. The performer has a difficult task – to convey the content of the song, to get into its features and, using polyphonic techniques and appropriate technical capabilities, to create a three-dimensional image that is significant and bring it to the listener. So, the analysis of stylistic and constructive-logical regularities of the structure of polyphonic works for bandura-solo by modern composer V. Martyniuk is made to help a young musician who learns the science of performing polyphony and seeks not only to improve his professional skills, but also to preserve and promote his national culture. The combination of the timbre of the bandura, as a symbol of the soul of the Ukrainian people, with folk songs and pan-European polyphonic traditions can further contribute to the realization of a truly national identity. The project of creating a self-sufficient, artistically original, nationally original polyphonic repertoire for the bandura is unfolding; next year it is planned to republish the collection «Ukrainian song in polyphonic works for bandura» (second edition) with the addition of new polyphonic works by V. Martyniuk and their performance-theoretical analysis.
PROBLEMS OF INTEGRATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL KNOWLEDGE IN THE PROCESS OF PREPARATION OF FUTURE TEACHERS
Authors:   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, Melnyk Іnna , Moisak Oleksandr ,   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the problems of psychological and pedagogical preparation of future educators and primary school teachers for professional activity. The aim of the article is to highlight the results of the study of the peculiarities of future teachers' awareness of the need to acquire psychological competencies for further work with children and outline the basic principles of interdisciplinary and integrated approach to teaching psychological and pedagogical disciplines in universities. A brief theoretical overview of modern research on professional and personal growth of teachers is given. The results of an empirical study of the peculiarities of students' awareness of the need to acquire psychological competencies for further work with children of preschool and primary school age are highlighted. It was stated that a significant part of the surveyed students are generally aware of the need to apply psychological knowledge in the future profession, but such awareness is significantly "blurred" and unstructured. It has been found that the vast majority of students are not fully aware of the purpose for which psychological and pedagogical disciplines are combined into a common integrated course, which may indicate a lack of work to implement integrated and interdisciplinary approaches. It is determined that psychological knowledge is practically used more by students to improve their own lives and personal self-development, rather than directly in working with children. In this regard, some practical aspects of the integration of psychological and pedagogical knowledge in the training of specialists in the field of preschool and school education, in particular, in the study of such an integrated course as "Anthropology". The purpose, tasks and structure of the course are described, strategies of combination of psychological and pedagogical knowledge in the process of its teaching are defined, which consist in clear understanding by teachers of disciplines of psychological and pedagogical cycle of necessity of interaction among themselves and orientation on practical side of their subject application. The view of such structuring and teaching of this course is described, when the study focuses on psychological concepts and categories, that is the complete system of psychological research and indicates the possibility and method of application of this research in the pedagogical process.
Analisis Kesalahan Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas
Authors: Mashuri Sufri , Nasruddin Nasruddin , Sarida Sarida
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis kesalahan siswa dan faktor penyebab terjadinya kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa SMA. Penyelesaian soal pemecahan masalah berdasarkan langkah penyelesaian Polya terdiri dari empat tahap, yatu memahami soal, menyusun rencana, melaksanakan rencana, dan memeriksa kembali jawaban yang telah diperoleh. Jenis kesalahan yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis kesalahan berdasarkan langkah penyelesaian Polya, yaitu kesalahan memahami soal, kesalahan menyusun rencana, kesalahan melaksanakan rencana dan kesalahan memeriksa kembali jawaban yang telah yang diperoleh. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan jumlah sampel 40 orang siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu berupa tes uraian yang terdiri dari 5 soal. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukan bahwa terdapat empat jenis kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa saat menyelesaikan soal 141 142 Sufri Mashuri 1 , Nasruddin1* , Sarida2 : Analisis Kesalahan Siswa dalam….. yang diberikan. Kesalahan tersebut adalah 1) memahami soal sebesar 31,70%; 2) kesalahan menyusun rencana sebesar 36,58%; 3) kesalahan melaksanakan rencana sebesar 35,60%; dan 4) kesalahan memeriksa kembali jawaban yang telah diperoleh sebesar 59,51%. Pada penelitian ini faktor penyebab kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal pemecahan masalah matematis adalah faktor internal siswa
Über die Rolle der Gewalt in der Konstruktion und Zerstörung sozialer Systeme (1975/76)
Authors: Brückner Peter
Published: December 2020

Ausgehend von der Voraussetzung, dass dem Menschen neben einem Recht auf Leben auch Rechte auf Entwicklung, das heißt Entfaltung individueller Produktivkräfte, und auf Glück zuzusprechen sind, beschäftigt sich der Autor mit den Gefährdungen, mit denen die letzten beiden Rechte in der kapitalistisch produzierenden Gesellschaft konfrontiert sind. Diskussionen zum Thema der Gewalt bleiben häufig oberflächlich, weil sie sich auf offene Gewaltäußerungen beschränken und strukturelle Gewalt, die aus den ökonomischen Verhältnissen, staatlicher Repression und verinnerlichten Zwängen hervorgeht, ausblenden. Offene Gewalt und strukturelle Gewalt stehen in einem Ergänzungsverhältnis: Wird strukturelle Gewalt geschwächt, tritt offene Gewalt zutage, vor allem auch im zwischenmenschlichen Bereich. Zugleich werden im Beitrag aber auch den in den 1960er/70er Jahren neu aufkommenden Emanzipationsbewegungen als Anzeichen der beschriebenen Schwäche der strukturellen Gewalt gelesen. In deren gewaltfreien, dezentralen und basisdemokratischen Formen des Widerstands zeige sich ein Wandel des revolutionären Paradigmas: Anders als das klassisch-arbeitskämpferische Verständnis von Revolutionen, das auf der Annahme geschichtlicher Gesetzmäßigkeiten und Fortschrittskontinuitäten fußt, zielt das Revolutionsverständnis im Sinne der Emanzipationsbewegungen auf einen geschichtlichen Bruch, der nicht nur die Produktionsweise, sondern den gesamten Lebenszusammenhang umwälzt. Für die Emanzipationsbewegungen bestehen Gefahren in der möglichen staatlichen oder wirtschaftlichen Integration ins Bestehende, des Beschränktbleibens auf die unbedeutende Peripherie oder der Bekämpfung durch die (internationale) Konterrevolution. In der Militanz von bewaffneten Gruppen wie der RAF drückt sich einerseits Verzweiflung, aber auch die mögliche Gefahr einer revolutionären Bewegung aus: Die Implantation dessen, was sie bekämpfen will.
Non-Standard Combinatorial Behaviour of the Verb ‘to do’ in Modern English
Authors: Kondrashova Vera Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

The study aims to determine functional characteristics of word combinations exhibiting extended non-standard combinatorial behaviour of the verb ‘to do’ in the modern English language. Scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that analysing the use of non-standard word combinations with the verb ‘to do’ in the English-language communication, the author for the first time identifies the most common lexical sets and determines linguocultural functional characteristics of such word combinations. As a result, it was found that non-standard word combinations with the verb ‘to do’ are used both to amplify communication intention and to reduce it saving a communicant’s face and also as a means of distancing in word combinations related to emotional sphere.
Integration theories and European education policy: bringing the role of ideas back in
Authors: Cino Pagliarello Marina
Published: December 2020

Education policy, traditionally a fortress of state-building processes, is now being challenged by the emergence of a new dimension at the European level. The Lisbon Strategy of 2000 has not only redefined education as a tool for improving Europe’s competitiveness within the knowledge economy, but it has also significantly expanded the role of the European Commission as a legitimate actor intervening in education. Although the increasing involvement of the EU in education has been empirically covered by the existing literature, less attention has been devoted to elucidating these changes from a theoretical point of view. This article contends that these transformations raise a theoretical puzzle in terms of the understanding of the two mainstream theories of European integration. This argument is developed in three steps. First, the article examines the historical developments of EU competences in education. It then critically engages with the main theoretical explanations of European integration theories in relation to these changes, namely supranationalism and liberal intergovernmentalism, asserting that these approaches do not fully account for a comprehensive explanation of the drivers behind these transformations. By contrast, the article suggests that broadening the analytical lens to include a more ideas-centred approach provides a more in-depth understanding of European education policy.
Trust, Integrity and the Weaponising of Information: the EU’s Transparency Paradox
Authors: Field Mark Bradley , Roberts Sue
Published: December 2020

One of the great issues for governments and related organisations everywhere is that of staying close to their citizens and maintaining accountability through the provision of accurate, trustworthy and complete information. The size of an organisation can often impede open and timely information delivery, and the complexity of government structures can cause frustration and suspicion. Given the size and complexity of the EU, it could be considered reasonable to suppose that the EU would have institutional barriers to the integrity of the information provided to the public. Indeed, criticism of the EU is frequently framed in terms of its supposed lack of accountability and the claim that it is out of touch with its citizens (Gehrke 2019). To counter this, the EU makes increasing use of online systems to render its working practices visible to the public to facilitate scrutiny and improve transparency. However, these online systems have frequently been introduced without reliable and consistent quality assurance (QA) processes to ensure the accuracy of the information in the public domain in order to promote the institutional trust that the EU seeks. Furthermore, the EU ministerial declaration of 2005 argues for promoting ‘public confidence’ in information provision for e-government. Confidence and trust are inextricably linked, as this article shows. Drawing on 22 qualitative interviews with EU officials and representatives of Civil Society Organisations (CSOs), this article demonstrates that low QA is in fact a deliberate policy, with the European Commission openly acknowledging its reliance on public control to police the information it provides through its online systems. This creates a transparency paradox by allowing CSOs to take advantage of the weakness in information QA to weaponise their information to attack the EU. This is a key consideration, not only for the EU but for all governments and non-governmental organisations across the world. A perceived weakness in information provision which subverts the building of trust, particularly political trust, increases the scope for individual or state actors to exploit the internet to weaken and undermine citizen participation. This article tackles the issue through primary research to demonstrate the dangers of weaponised information in the modern political arena.
Dinámica de la transferencia de inmunoglobulina G en el binomio madre-cría de llamas (Lama glama)
Authors: Auad J. , Cerutti J. , Cooper L. G. , Aguilar M. S. , Lozano A.
Published: December 2020

En las llamas la transferencia de la inmunidad pasiva a través del calostro es un evento crítico para la supervivencia de la cría (teke). El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer la cinética de la concentración de inmunoglobulina G (IgG) en tekes durante los primeros 5 meses de vida y relacionar la concentración de IgG en suero y calostro de las llamas con la concentración en suero de los tekes. Se diseñó un estudio de cohorte, observacional y analítico. Se estudiaron 25 llamas y sus respectivas crías. Se determinó la concentración de IgG en calostro y suero de las madres y en tekes según una cinética establecida desde el nacimiento hasta los 150 días de vida, empleando la técnica de inmunodifusión radial simple. Los resultados mostraron una concentración media de IgG en suero de llamas de 4311,47 mg/dl y en calostro de 23254,9 mg/dl. En los tekes -a las 0 h posparto- la concentración de IgG fue no dosable, alcanzando valores máximos entre las 18 y 24 h (4094,06 y 4197,95 mg/dl respectivamente) no encontrando en este periodo diferencias con la concentración de la IgG sérica materna (p 0,694). Desde las 24 h hasta los 120 días se observó un descenso en los niveles de IgG (p<0,0001), registrándose un incremento a los 150 días (p 0,0001). Se concluye que los valores de IgG calostral son independientes de la concentración sérica tanto en llamas como en tekes, no existiendo asociación entre los mismos (p<0,0001). El calostro aporta niveles de IgG que en los tekes logran concentraciones séricas similares a las de sus madres a las 24 h posparto.
Usability of Online Banking in India during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mayank Jindal  , Dr. Vijay Laxmi Sharma
Published: December 2020

Covid-19 is a virus developed in 2019 from the corona family virus. It is spreading across the world since Dec 2019 by the close contact of an infected person or fomites of Covid-19. It developed naturally in Wuhan (An State of China) or possibly develop by China research center “Wuhan Institute of Virology”. It is spreading very fast across the world. World Health Organization and most countries including India it has declared a pandemic. People can protect themselves by this pandemic by maintaining social distance. But the basic need (Food and Medicine) is important for continuo their life and in it the transfer of money plays an important role. Online banking can make the transaction through an electronic basis without the exchange of any tangible commodity with maintaining social distance. Online banking is the modern concept of banking in which people can do some banking activities (like Transfer cash transfer and in the account, Check Bank Balance, Payment of Bills, Phone recharge and etc.) through using the Internet in their phone, computer. One of the most important features of online banking is that it can totally operate electronically basis without the exchange of any tangible commodity and it has made it an important tool to protect from the pandemic. The purpose of this study is to assess the contribution of online banking to stop the pandemic of Covid-19. A survey has been done to achieve the objectives of this paper. It is found that online banking playing an important role in the Covid 19 period to protect the people. People felt completely safe from the COVID 19 virus in the online payment of bills and recharge of prepaid mobiles and dish T.V.
Study of Role of Financial Institution in Financial Inclusion
Authors: Ishan Khatri  , Prarthana Fabyani  , Chehak Rajgarhia  , Sejal Murarka
Published: December 2020

India is one of the largest growing economies in the world. Financial inclusion is providing financial services at an affordable rate to all people. It comes into existence in the year 1950 establishment of Reserve Bank of India. There are various incentives which have been undertaken to increase financial inclusion in India. With the nationalization of commercial banks. And the formation of NABARD Self-help Groups and Kisan credit bank. After 2000, the schemes like Swavalamban swabhiman have been launched to increase its role.

The schemes by government of India like PMJDY and Startup India schemes.

Financial inclusion helps in forming cashless economy and increase capital formation and increase economic growth of the country. It provides business and growth opportunities to the Intermediaries. This system also provides affordable services to the poor and played a vital role in improving country financial services.
Enduring Policy Ideals and Practices - Evidence from Bangabandhu's Speech at the United Nations and Bangladesh's Voting Records at the Assembly: 2001-2017
Authors: Khan Mohammad
Published: December 2020

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman’s historic speech at the 29th
session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) was the first ‘strategic
communication’ by the father of the nation at the Assembly following
Bangladesh’s admission to the United Nations. Apart from the well-known and
much-to-be-proud of fact that the speech was delivered in Bangla, the content
of this speech stands out as a key document, begging to be studied from an
international relations perspective and the enduring ideals it enunciates and
has been in practice by Bangladesh. This paper seeks to answer: to what extent
has Bangladesh remain seized supporting the enduring ideals on key global
issues enunciated by Bangabandhu in his speech at the United Nations?
Accordingly, the paper carries out a (i) content analysis to identify the
enduring ideals (ii) comparison of Bangladesh’s positions on the 1,284 UNGA
resolutions that were put to vote between 2001-2017 to assess country’s support
to those ideals. The paper finds that, except for the politically sensitive
country-specific human rights resolutions, Bangladesh has consistently remained
seized in supporting Bangabandhu’s ideals in all thematic categories (between
92-100% ‘yes’ votes). It demonstrates that Bangabandhu’s emphasis on the
primacy of the United Nations to build a peaceful and just world,
non-alignment, peaceful co-existence, economic emancipation and global solidarity
has become much more relevant in the Covid-19 era and the current geopolitical
context of South Asia. The paper opens
new avenues to use a novel methodology to conduct evidence-based research on
the policy ideals and its practices.
Rumours of Marriage Practices in Contemporary Samin Society (Part II)
Authors: Rohman Arif
Published: December 2020

The article ‘Rumours and Realities of marriage
Practices in Contemporary Samin Society’ published on Humaniora (June 2010) confirmed
that the myths of the practices of ‘virginity tests’ and ‘stray marriages’ to
be discredited. In contrast, the Samin community through their marriage system
show a world full of respect for women, a world that is egalitarian. The
rumours have made Samin people vulnerable and marginalised. Those who were
mostly insulted by the rumours were women. This article explores the history of
Samin society and its social political context to reveal the reasons behind the
rumours.
Smart Distance Lab's art fair, experimental data on social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Tanis Charlotte Coosje , Leach Nina , Geiger Sandra Jeanette , Nauta Floor , Dablander Fabian , van Harreveld Frenk , de wit sanne , Kanters Gerard , Knoppers Jop , Markus Diederik , Bouten Rick , Oostvogel Quinten , Boersma Meier , van der Steenhoven Maya , Borsboom Denny , Blanken Tessa
Published: December 2020

In the absence of a vaccine, social distancing behaviour is pivotal to mitigate COVID-19 virus spread. In this large-scale behavioural experiment, we gathered data during Smart Distance Lab: The Art Fair (n = 787) between August 28 and 30, 2020 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. We varied walking directions (bidirectional, unidirectional, and no directions) and supplementary interventions (face mask and buzzer to alert visitors of 1.5 metres distance). We captured visitors' movements using cameras, registered their contacts (defined as within 1.5 metres) using wearable sensors, and assessed their attitudes toward COVID-19 as well as their experience during the event using questionnaires. We also registered environmental measures (e.g., humidity). In this paper, we describe this unprecedented, multi-modal experimental data set on social distancing, including psychological, behavioural, and environmental measures. The data set is available on Figshare and in a MySQL database. It can be used to gain insight into (attitudes toward) behavioural interventions promoting social distancing, to calibrate pedestrian models, and to inform new studies on behavioural interventions.
Apelin is differentially expressed in brain metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: December 2020

Brain metastases are a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with brain metastatic breast cancer. We found that the gene encoding the peptide apelin, APLN, was among those most differentially expressed in the brain metastases of patients with brain metastatic breast cancer. APLN may be of relevance to the biology underlying metastasis to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
(Does mathematics provide a model for the philosophy of computer science?) Idealism and Lisp and Perl.
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: December 2020

We argue that in computer science, programming languages is one area wherethe question of epistemological idealism may arise : we propose that Lisp can beconsidered representative of what we call a “language waiting to be discovered”,as we put, while Perl conforms more closely to the model of a language created;additional examples from the extended domain of software are included.
Soap, Water, and SARS-CoV-2: An Ancient Handwashing Strategy for Preventing Dissemination of a New Virus
Authors: Ijaz M. Khalid , Nims Raymond , de Szalay Sarah , Rubino Joseph R.
Published: December 2020

Public Health Agencies worldwide (World Health Organization, U.S. Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, etc.) are recommending hand washing with soap and water for preventing the dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 infections. In this review, we have discussed the mechanism of decontamination by soap and water (involving both removal and inactivation), described the contribution of the various components of formulated soaps to performance as cleansers and to pathogen inactivation, explained why adherence to recommended contact times is critical, evaluated the possible contribution of water temperature to inactivation, discussed the advantages of antimicrobial soaps versus basic soaps, discussed the differences between use of soap and water versus alcohol-based hand sanitizers for hand decontamination, and evaluated the limitations and advantages of different methods of drying hands following washing. While the paper emphasizes data applicable to SARS-CoV-2, the topics discussed are germane to most emerging and re-emerging enveloped and non-enveloped viruses and other pathogens.
The murburn precepts for photoreception
Authors: Manoj Kelath Murali , Jacob Vivian David
Published: December 2020

Murburn concept is a redox mechanistic scheme involving interactive equilibriums of discretized or organized proteins/substrates molecules, unbound ions and radicals (or reactive species); which may afford selective/specific electron transfers, particularly at phospholipid interfaces. Earlier, we have applied murburn concept to provide parsimonious explanations (grounded in thermodynamics and kinetics) for various physiological/bioenergetic routines like xenobiotic metabolism, unusual dose responses, aerobic respiration, thermogenesis, homeostasis, trans-membrane potential, oxygenic photosynthesis, etc. While proposing the murburn model for photophosphorylation, we had projected that the murburn mechanism could also be relevant for photoreception physiology. Herein, we expand on this aspect and present the basic scheme and evidence in support for the murburn model of photoreception, with retinal/opsin as the salient photon-impingement response-transducing element. In alignment with our earlier murburn schemes, we propose that diffusible reactive oxygen species (DROS, as exemplified by superoxide, which is currently deemed a toxic product of all-trans retinal and NADPH oxidase interactions) is produced in rod/cone cells upon photoactivation and it plays a crucial role in the visual cycle. This is supported by the fact that layers of photoreceptive neural cells precede the rod/cone cells (with respect to the presentation to oncoming light ray/photon), there exists high oxygen demand in retina, copious ROS are detected in functional retina, NAD(P)H/reductase is involved in the cycle, events occur at sub-micrometer dimensioned phospholipid disks stacked to stabilize DROS and minimize free protons (quite like the thylakoids that harbor carotenoids in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria), etc. In the new scheme, photo-electric activation leads to charge separation and hyperpolarization. This electro-chemical signaling serves is the front-runner to a trigger for action potential relay along a neuron and the superoxide mediated phosphorylation of GDP bound to transducin serves as the initiator of signal transduction cascade. The newly proposed scheme allows a facile electrical connectivity of the retina-photoreceptors with the brain via the optic nerve, and is anatomically correlated with the structure and resolution or retina, and is kinetically viable.
DUSP26 is differentially expressed in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: December 2020

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the dual specificity phosphatase 26, encoded by DUSP26, was among the genes whose expression was quantitatively most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. DUSP26 mRNA was present at higher quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Dual specificity phosphatase 26 and the substrates it acts upon may be relevant in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which primary tumor-derived breast cancer cells metastasize to the brain.
Preventing Religious Radicalism on College Student in the Islamic State Higher Education (PTKIN) Case Study of Islamic State University (UIN) in Indonesia
Authors: Tarmizi Yenrizal
Published: December 2020

This study aims to determine the efforts to prevent religious radicalism in the Islamic StateHigher Education (PTKIN) in Indonesia, by taking the case of five State Islamic Universities(UIN) that represent five regions in Indonesia, namely Sumatera Island, Java Island, KalimantanIsland and Sulawesi island. The efforts seen in this research are the efforts made by UIN leaders,especially the Rector, in designing, organizing and developing various academic activities forstudents. There are five forms of effort examined through this research, namely (1) studentdevelopment policies, (2) curriculum development, (3) fostering Intra Campus StudentOrganizations (OMIK) and (4) coaching extra-curricular activities. Data is collected by the studyof documentation, deep interviews with the Rector and other leadership elements whose maintasks and functions are relevant to student development and observation of the situation anddynamics of campus life, especially student activities. This study found that efforts to preventreligious radicalism in the UIN environment were not carried out in the form of prohibitions, noteven coercive, but were carried out through passive resistance, in the form of prevention,interdiction and development of counter programs. These efforts include (1) assistance to theactivities of Understanding Academic Student Culture (PBAK), (2) the development of Ma'hadal Jami'ah, (3) fostering Intra-Campus Student Organizations (OMIK), (4) incorporating materialon Islamic modernization into the lecture curriculum with the concept of immersion curriculumand hidden curriculum, (5) providing close mentoring and monitoring by maximizing the role of Academic Advisor (PA) lecturers, (6) developing openness through limited dialogue and (7)developing attitudes critical and analytical through discussions, seminars and public lectures.
SCIN is differentially expressed in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: December 2020

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that SCIN was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to normal breast tissues. SCIN mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Up-regulation of SCIN expression may contribute to metastasis of tumor cells from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
What a new economic paper on reward and performance should address?
Authors: BOGDAN Oana
Published: December 2020

Salary policy is a complex activity that requires the inclusion in rigorous calculations of all the characteristics of the salary, its functions, its correlations with various economic and social variables. It is also necessary to consider the implications on the various interests, often divergent, of the classic partnership triplet: employees (unions), employers and the State.
Aversive Responses to Stereotypic STEM Images Predicts Women’s Long–Term STEM Memories and Underperformance in Math
Authors: Forbes Chad E. , Amey Rachel C , Magerman Adam , Olcaysoy Okten Irmak
Published: December 2020

Social identity and stereotype threat (ST) are situational stressors that increase arousal and negative affect and impair performance when women are outnumbered by men. One consequence of these effects could be that women develop learned aversions towards stigmatized STEM domains. Five studies tested whether stereotypic STEM images (STEMIs) prompt aversive responses that predict ST-like outcomes, including underperformance in ST contexts and more negative ST-oriented memories over time. Using a dot-probe paradigm, Studies 1 and 2 found that women perceived STEMIs as more negatively arousing compared to men, but only ST women exhibited greater arousal responses to STEMIs compared to stereotypic non-STEM images (NonSTEMIs) and underperformed; men in this context showed a similar arousal response to STEMIs and NonSTEMIs and performed better. Study 3 replicated this effect among female STEM majors and linked aversive responses to more negative affect laden memories for the STEM lab experience five weeks later. Using EEG, Study 4 found that enhanced processing of STEMIs presented during an attentional blink task (indexed via increased communication between occipital and prefrontal cortical regions) predicted underperformance on a math test among ST women but marginally better performance among men. Study 5 mitigated ST underperformance effects among women utilizing a dot-probe training paradigm that blunted arousal responses to STEMIs; instructing men to attend to STEMIs facilitated their performance. STEM aversions may thus facilitate ST-like effects, possibly defining what the “threat” in ST is, however, blunting aversions can attenuate these effects when women work alongside men in STEM performance situations.
The influence of information relevance on the continued influence effect of misinformation
Authors: Jin Hua , Jia Lina , Yin Xiaojuan , Wei Shilin , Xu Guiping
Published: December 2020

Misinformation often continues to influence people’s cognition even after corrected (the ‘continued influence effect of misinformation’, the CIEM). This study investigated the role of information relevance in the CIEM by questionnaire survey and experimental study. The results showed that information with higher relevance to the individuals had a larger CIEM, indicating a role of information relevance in the CIEM. Personal involvement might explain the effects of information relevance on the CIEM. This study provides insightful clues for reducing the CIEM in different types of misinformation and misinformation with varying relevance.
An examination of active inference in autistic adults using immersive virtual reality.
Authors: Arthur Tom , Harris David , Buckingham Gavin , Brosnan Mark , Wilson Mark , Williams Genevieve , Vine Samuel James
Published: December 2020

The integration of prior expectations, sensory information, and environmental volatility is proposed to be atypical in Autism Spectrum Disorder, yet few studies have tested these predictive processes in active movement tasks. We used an immersive virtual-reality racquetball paradigm to explore how visual sampling behaviours and movement kinematics are adjusted in relation to unexpected, uncertain, and volatile changes in environmental statistics. We found that prior expectations concerning ball ‘bounciness’ affected sensorimotor control in both autistic and neurotypical participants, with all individuals using prediction-driven gaze strategies to track the virtual ball. However, autistic participants showed substantial differences in visuomotor behaviour when environmental conditions were more volatile. Specifically, uncertainty-related performance difficulties in these conditions were accompanied by atypical movement kinematics and visual sampling behaviours. Results support proposals that autistic people overestimate the volatility of sensory environments, and suggest that context-sensitive differences in active inference could explain a range of movement-related difficulties in autism.
The Value of Names - Civil Society, Information, and Governing Multinationals
Authors: Kreitmeir David , Lane Nathaniel , Raschky Paul Anton
Published: December 2020

Does the human rights spotlight impact multinationals? We evaluate the effect of publicizing human rights violations on firm value, focusing on salient events at the center of international campaigns: the assassination of environmental activists. Collecting 20 years of data on activist deaths, we use financial event study methodology to estimate the impact of the human rights spotlight on the stock price of firms associated with violence. We find that the effect of the human rights spotlight is substantial. Firms named in assassination coverage have large, negative abnormal returns after events, and imply a median loss in market capitalization of 100 million USD. We show that the media plays a key role in these effects; the negative impact of assassinations is strongest when they coincide with calm news cycles versus saturated news cycles, where news is less likely to reach investors. Our study highlights economic over non-pecuniary mechanisms. Association with violence negatively impacts supply chain contracts and also inspires negative reactions by institutional investors. Lastly, we show that assassinations are positively related to the royalties paid by mining projects to domestic governments.
Agro-morphological diversity (quantitative traits) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivated in Baglung District, Nepal
Authors: Pathak Hom Nath
Published: December 2020

Agro-morphological traits are the features of cultivated rice i.e. Oryza sativa L. Rice landraces differ from the other landrace in morphological features such as grain weight, culm number, and height of the plant. Nineteen different landraces of cultivated rice from Paiyunpata village, Baglung were studied and their quantitative characters were measured. The most varied landraces in morphological characters (Khate, Rato, Nepale, Anadi etc. i.e. species far from quadrants in PCA) are suggested for crop improvement. Findings from this research could be helpful for germplasm conservation.
Performance Assessment of Selected Farmer Managed Irrigation System in Kaski District, Nepal
Authors: Gautam Arjun
Published: December 2020

The performance of three Irrigation System (IS); Arva Ghari, Tirkang Kimbesi and Hemja Sinchai Pranali was assessed using the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and structured interview. The IS situated in the Kaski district were managed by users committee which were mainly formed by the election. The water availability is sufficient in upstream and decreases towards downstream leading to tail end deprivation, however, there was no dominance of influential person in water allocation. Proper distribution system minimizes the conflict among the users which depends on the condition of the canal along with regulating structures. The deposits of silt on bed and vegetation on banks have reduced the discharge capacity which needs the regular maintenance for the better performance of the IS. Separate fund should be raised for the repair and maintenance of canal. FMIS should be supported to strengthen its capacity as these are yet to be institutionalized and genuine farmers should be encouraged to participate for the management of the IS.