bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypertension, Diabetes and Medication Adherence among the Older Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program Population
Authors: Heflin Colleen , Hodges Leslie , Ojinnaka Chinedum O. , Arteaga Irma
Published: June 2021

The burdens of chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes for older Americans are profound. Yet, data on the population-level prevalence of hypertension and diabetes among the older adult Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP) population and the associated level of medication adherence is lacking despite evidence of the “treat or eat” trade-off in the general population. We used linked administrative data from SNAP and Medicaid between 2006 and 2014 in the state of Missouri to document rates of hypertension or diabetes diagnoses and medication adherence. About 69% of the study sample were found to be diagnosed with a hypertension and 40% with diab etes. Approximately 1 in 4 of those living with hypertension and 1 and 3 of those living with diabetes were nonadherent to antihypertensive or antidiabetic medications each year, on average. Furthermore, medication non-adherence increases with age and is more common among non-White and urban residents.
Implementing digitalization in the public sector. Technologies, agency, and governance
Authors: Di Giulio Marco , Vecchi Giancarlo
Published: June 2021

Technological transformations are currently reshaping the structure and strategies of public administrations and are expected to foster efficiency and policy integration. However, the literature on digital government has demonstrated that the introduction of technology is far from a smooth process, as it is often associated with conflict and negative feedback. This paper departs from James Thompson’s notion of technology, understood as one of the most effective devices for organizational integration to conceptualise the context of digital innovations in the public sphere. ICTs are not all the same; they differ in their impact on intra- and inter-organizational interdependencies that are required for them to work properly in their domain. This paper introduces a typology of ICT-driven governance structures and advances hypotheses regarding the causal mechanisms underpinning successful implementation. Each type of governance structure is exemplified by an original case study of a programme of e-government reform in the Italian public sector. The empirical evidence is used to explore some implications concerning the strategies by which the programmes have been implemented and their transferability to other contexts.
Chemical reaction and thermal radiation effects on magnetohydrodynamics flow of Casson–Williamson nanofluid over a porous stretching surface
Authors: Humane Pooja P , Patil Vishwambhar S , Patil Amar B
Published: June 2021

The flow of Casson–Williamson fluid on a stretching surface is considered for the study. The movement of fluid is examined under the effect of external magnetic field, thermal radiation and chemical consequences. The model is formed by considering all the physical aspects responsible for the physical mechanism. The formed mathematical model (partial differential equation) is numerically solved after transforming it into an ordinary one (ordinary differential equation) via similarity invariants. The physical mechanism for velocity, temperature, and concentration is examined through the associated parameters like radiation index, Williamson and Casson parameter, suction/injection parameter, porosity index, and chemical reaction parameter.
Endurance testing and finite element simulation of a modified hip stem for integration of an energy harvesting system
Authors: Lange Hans-E , Bader Rainer , Kluess Daniel
Published: June 2021

Instrumented implants are a promising approach to further improve the clinical outcome of total hip arthroplasties. For the integrated sensors or active functions, an electrical power supply is required. Energy harvesting concepts can provide autonomous power with unlimited lifetime and are independent from external equipment. However, those systems occupy space within the mechanically loaded total hip replacement and can decrease the life span due to fatigue failure in the altered implant. We previously presented a piezoelectric energy harvesting system for an energy-autonomous instrumented total hip stem that notably changes the original implant geometry. The aim of this study was to investigate the remaining structural fatigue failure strength of the metallic femoral implant component in a worst-case scenario. Therefore, the modified hip stem was tested under load conditions based on ISO 7206-4:2010. The required five million cycles were completed twice by all samples (n = 3). Additionally applied cycles with incrementally increased load levels up to 4.7 kN did not induce implant failure. In total, 18 million cycles were endured, outperforming the requirements of the ISO standard. Supplementary finite element analysis was conducted to determine stress distribution within the implant. A high stress concentration was found in the region of modification. The stress level showed an increase compared to the previously evaluated physiological loading situation and was close to the fatigue data from the literature. The stress concentration factor compared to the original geometry amounted to 2.56. The assessed stress level in accordance with the experimental fatigue testing can serve as a maximum reference value for further implant design modifications and optimisations.
Use of Single, Dual, and Poly Tobacco Products in Korean Adolescents
Authors: Kwon Min , Chung Sophia J. , Lee Jinhwa
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to examine the prevalence of single, dual, and poly use of conventional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and heated tobacco products among Korean adolescent smokers and identify factors related to dual and poly tobacco product use. Data from 4028 current smokers in the 2019 Korea Youth Behavior Web-based Survey were included. Single users accounted for 53.1%, followed by dual users at 24.8% and poly users at 22.1%. The factors influencing dual and poly tobacco product use included male, living in a metropolitan area, risky alcohol drinking, sexual experience, number of cigarettes smoked, secondhand smoke exposure, and easy-to-buy tobacco products. The findings suggest restricting the use of new types of tobacco products in the high-risk group are required to prevent dual and poly use. Furthermore, it is necessary to provide support like education for new tobacco products and smoking cessation, programs for secondhand smoke prevention, or rigorous marketing regulations for adolescents.
Prone positioning in non‐intubated patients with coronavirus – A single‐centre experience in Hong Kong
Authors: Man Man‐Yee , Lam Sin‐Man , Shum Hoi‐Ping , Li Kin‐Chio , Lau Swan , Ip Vincent Hing‐Lung , Yan Wing‐Wa
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

Significant ventilator‐associated pneumonia and mortality were found in COVID‐19 patients who required mechanical ventilation which calls for non‐invasive means in managing respiratory failure.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed patients admitted to the intensive care unit of Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital in Hong Kong with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection from 28 November to 15 December 2020. Patients’ laboratory, respiratory parameters and outcome data were recorded and analysed.

Results:

Eleven received prone ventilation. The median age was 67 (inter‐quartile range: 59–72) years, and median COVID‐19 GRAM score was 151 (inter‐quartile range: 133–181), representing a high‐risk group. There were significant improvements 1 h after awake proning in SpO2 (95% vs 92%, p = 0.008), FiO2 (0.4 vs 0.5, p = 0.003), SpO2/FiO2 (240 vs 184, p = 0.005), respiratory rate (19 vs 26, p = 0.006) and respiratory rate – oxygenation index (13.22 vs 7.67, p = 0.003; Table 1). Although not reaching statistical significance, the median PaO2, PaCO2 and PaO2/FiO2 improved after proning. The overall intubation rate was 22% and intensive care unit mortality was 22%, which is in contrast to 65.5% and 27.6%, respectively, in the first three waves. Although did not reach statistical significance, those received prone ventilation tend to have a lower ICU mortality (9.1% vs 42.9%, p = 0.245) and hospital mortality (18.2% vs 42.9%, p = 0.326).

Conclusion:

Awake proning potentially minimizes complications from invasive ventilation and provides a low‐cost low‐risk treatment option in COVID‐19 patients with respiratory failure. This is particularly important when healthcare resources are strained at times of a pandemic.
Piezo-based flexural vibration suppression for an annular rotor via rotating-frame H2 control optimization
Authors: Brand Ziv , Cole Matthew OT
Published: June 2021

Elastic vibration can arise in annular and thin-walled rotor structures, impacting on operating performance and the risk of failure. Feedback control to reduce flexural vibration can be realized using lightweight actuators and sensors embedded in the rotor structure. To design optimal controllers, rotating-frame models of both the structural dynamics and sources of excitation are required. This paper describes a solution to this problem for the case of an annular rotor equipped with piezo patch actuators and sensors. To account for space-fixed external excitation sources, a forcing function is considered involving specified spatial and frequency domain distributions. A model-based [Formula: see text] synthesis is used to compute optimal control solutions. These are tested experimentally on a thin-walled cylindrical steel rotor for cases with narrowband and broadband excitation sources, applied from the fixed frame. The results show that frequency-splitting within the rotating-frame dynamics plays a key role in predicting and controlling resonance. The effectiveness of the optimal control methodology in reducing circumferential vibration of the annular rotor is also confirmed.
Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders as Tutors
Authors: Watts Gavin W. , Kerr Joel C.
Published: June 2021

Teachers implementing tutoring programs in which their students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) serve as cross-age tutors (CAT-EBD) for younger students in need of additional instruction have reported improvements in academic, social-emotional, and behavioral skills for both tutees and tutors. This practitioner-lead article features firsthand experiences and insights from a special educator implementing such a program. In addition to identifying the perceived strengths, challenges, and overall outcomes of a CAT-EBD program, the experiences within the case study highlight connections and recommendations for effective planning, training, supervising, and supporting of students with EBD as tutors. Practical strategies are provided in support of the challenges identified in implementing and sustaining a CAT-EBD program.
Characteristics of Resilient Hospice Workers From Their Administrators’ Perspectives: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Havlin Tiffany , Keys Amanda
Published: June 2021

This study explores hospice administrators’ perceptions of the characteristics of resilient hospice workers. This qualitative phenomenological study included ten participants from five hospice organizations in rural and urban Southwest Missouri communities. All participants were current hospice administrators. Administrators identified six characteristics of resilient hospice workers. These characteristics included (a) relationship building with clients, (b) having a supportive team, (c) ongoing education, (d) positivity, (e) strong boundaries, and (f) the importance of spirituality. Authors suggest identifying and encouraging these characteristics in hospice workers may lead to less employee turnover, healthier employees, and a better work environment.
Through-and-Through Dissection of the Soft Palate for Pharyngeal Flap Inset: A “Good-Fast-Cheap” Technique for Any Etiology of Velopharyngeal Incompetence
Authors: Carr Michael , Skarlicki Michaela , Palm Sheryl , Bucevska Marija , Bone Jeffrey , Gosain Arun K. , Arneja Jugpal S.
Published: June 2021

Objective:

To determine the efficacy and resource utilization of through-and-through dissection of the soft palate for pharyngeal flap inset for velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI) of any indication.

Design:

Retrospective review.

Setting:

Tertiary care center.

Patients:

Thirty patients were included. Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of severe VPI based on perceptual speech assessment, confirmed by nasoendoscopy or videofluoroscopy; VPI managed surgically with modified pharyngeal flap with through-and-through dissection of the soft palate; and minimum 6 months follow-up. Patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome were excluded.

Intervention:

Modified pharyngeal flap with through-and-through dissection of the soft palate.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Velopharyngeal competence and speech assessed using the Speech-Language Pathologist 3 scale.

Results:

The median preoperative speech score was 11 of 13 (range, 7 to 13), which improved significantly to a median postoperative score of 1 of 13 (range 0-7; P < .001). Velopharyngeal competence was restored in 25 (83%) patients, borderline competence in 3 (10%), and VPI persisted in 2 (7%) patients. Complications included 1 palatal fistula that required elective revision and 1 mild obstructive sleep apnea that did not require flap takedown. Median skin-to-skin operative time was 73.5 minutes, and median length of stay (LOS) was 50.3 hours.

Conclusions:

This technique allows direct visualization of flap placement and largely restores velopharyngeal competence irrespective of VPI etiology, with low complication rates. Short operative time and LOS extend the value proposition, making this technique not only efficacious but also a resource-efficient option for surgical management of severe VPI.
Evaluation of the management of PARP inhibitor toxicities in ovarian and endometrial cancer within a multi-institution health-system
Authors: Hatch Rachel V , Patel Sweta U , Cambareri Christine , Uritsky Tanya , Martin Lainie P
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Poly-adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have become a cornerstone of therapy in the management ovarian cancer and other cancers. PARPi are associated with significant toxicities and management strategies are primarily founded on clinical trial experience. This study aimed to provide an evaluation of patients receiving PARPi therapy within an academic health-system.

Methods

A retrospective, observational study of adult patients with gynecologic malignancy was conducted at the University of Pennsylvania Health System. Data was collected on patients prescribed a PARPi between December 2014 and October 2019. The primary endpoint was the status of PARPi therapy at the end of the study period. Key secondary endpoints included toxicity management strategies, time to discontinuation due to toxicity, progression free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).

Results

Of the 85 patients included, 45 (53%) received olaparib, 24 (28%) niraparib, and 16 (19%) rucaparib. Twenty-nine patients (34%) continued on therapy, 15 (18%) discontinued due to toxicity, and 41 (48%) discontinued due to progression. Fifty-one percent of patients required a dose reduction due to toxicities. The median time to discontinuation due to toxicity was 69 days (9-353). Median PFS was 181 days (9-365) and median OS was 338 days (9-365).

Conclusion

PARPi therapy is associated with numerous toxicities that are best managed through a multi-modal approach. Importantly, about half the patients in the current study required a dose reduction. Overall, this observational study outlines the incidence of PARPi toxicities and reviews potential management strategies, further guiding practitioners in an area with limited real-world experience.
A tale of orbital cellulitis and retinopathy of prematurity in an infant: First case report
Authors: Kaur Kirandeep , Gurnani Bharat , Kannusamy Veena , Yadalla Dayakar
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

Orbital cellulitis is an infectious pathology affecting fat and muscles behind the orbital septum. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an abnormal retinal blood vessel proliferation affective preterm low birth weight infants. Here we report the first case report of a 4-month-old infant who presented to our outpatient setting with orbital cellulitis and bilateral ROP sequelae.

Case report:

A 4-month-old female infant was brought by her mother to the OPD with sudden onset redness, discharge, and swelling in the right eye accompanied by fever for 1 day. The child was born preterm at 8 months gestational age with a birth weight of 1.3 kg. Ocular examination revealed orbital cellulitis. Bruckner’s reflex revealed an altered red glow. Ultrasound B scan confirmed bilateral localized highly reflective peripheral anterior looping membranes suggestive of retinal detachment as sequelae of ROP. The child was treated with topical eyedrops 0.5% Moxifloxacin 2 hourly and was referred to a tertiary hospital for higher management in the form of intravenous injections of Cefixime 50 mg/kg in two divided cases with Vancomycin 60 mg/kg/day in two divided doses for 5 days in a critical care unit (CCU).

Conclusion and importance:

Orbital cellulitis is an emergency ocular condition that should be promptly treated with a multidisciplinary approach. There is a high probability of missing the posterior segment pathology in such cases. Meticulous history taking, detailed ocular examination along with Bruckner’s reflex help in immediately clinching the correct diagnosis in such cases and safeguards the clinician from any medicolegal issues in the future.
Rational versus Fashionable: Youth Identity, Play and Agency in Namibian Cycling Mobilities
Authors: Baker Lucy
Published: June 2021

The bicycle has been prescribed as an ‘intermediate mode of transport’ intended as a low-cost approach to address mobility inequality and poverty in sub-Saharan Africa. Within this framework, the bicycle is commonly intended to technologically advance head portage for those who cannot access motorized transport. The singular vision of the bicycle as a load-carrying device has sought to encourage industrious activities over alternative practices, such as play, embodied sensory experiences of mobility and conspicuous consumption for identity performance that are important aspects of youth agency. This article alternatively demonstrates the complexity of mobility and consumer behaviour among young Namibians as they negotiate multiple identities embodied in their mobility. In doing so, the article examines the limitations of youth agency expressed in play, mobility and subject formation, given the normative understandings of gender.
How diverse is hotel website accessibility? A study in the central region of Portugal using web diagnostic tools
Authors: Teixeira Pedro , Eusébio Celeste , Teixeira Leonor
Published: June 2021

Accessible tourism is a very important growth market that should not be ignored by the tourism industry, not only due to legal obligations and social responsibility but also because of business opportunities. However, people with special needs face various constraints in accessing tourism products. The absence of accessible information is one of the main barriers that people with special needs face when they intend to travel. The Internet represents one of the most important information sources in tourism. However, a limited number of studies examine the use of the Internet in the accessible tourism market, specifically website accessibility. To extend knowledge in this field, this study aims to analyse the website accessibility of hotels and Pousadas de Portugal located in the Central Region of Portugal. A sample of 306 websites was analysed based on Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0, using automatic web diagnostic tools (AccessMonitor and TAW). This analysis was performed considering the A, AA and AAA conformance levels of WCAG. Findings reveal that the web accessibility level of the hotels analysed is low, with the ‘Perceivable’ and ‘Robust’ guidelines being the most critical. Moreover, there are differences in the web accessibility levels in terms of hotel category. Contrary to what was expected, the higher category hotels present the lowest level of web accessibility. These results can help hotel managers and web designers to improve communication with an important growth market – accessible tourism.
Social work in sport: Playmakers in the athletic arena
Authors: Newman Tarkington J , Magier Erica , Okamoto Katlin , Kimiecik Carlyn , Shute Lauren , Beasley Lauren , Tucker Anita R
Published: June 2021

An emerging area of social work practice is within sport and athletics. Due to the complex nature of sport and the diverse needs of sport participants, social workers are optimally positioned to be critical change agents. However, there is a lack of empirical research dedicated to exploring this unique area of practice. The current study explores the unique values, knowledge, and skills social workers use when working in sport, as well as describes the roles that social workers fulfill.

Findings

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 social workers who work in youth sport, collegiate athletics, and professional sports. Their occupations ranged from psychotherapists to athletic counselors to coaches. Findings from the thematic analysis provide insight to the values, knowledge, and skills used in sport that social workers developed from their formal education. For instance, social workers, through their commitment to promoting diversity and inclusion, are trained to take a strength-based, person-centered approach when working with individuals and teams.

Applications

Findings highlight the dynamic and diverse roles social workers fulfill as change agents who aim to enhance human wellbeing within a variety of sport systems and settings. Social workers not only work in collegiate athletic departments, but they also provide needed services to youth who are socially vulnerable through sport-based programming and strength-based coaching. The current study helps to not only advance the field of social work, but also advocates for social workers in sport settings. Ultimately, social work professionals are optimally positioned to be playmakers in the athletic arena.
Knowledge or competencies? A controversial question in contemporary curriculum debates
Authors: Rasmussen Jens , Rasch-Christensen Andreas , Qvortrup Lars
Published: June 2021

The question of knowledge versus competency in contemporary curricula is controversial. In this article we endeavour to show that the controversy has much to do with the way society is conceptualized as either a class differentiated or a function differentiated society. We examine Michael Young’s input to the curriculum debate concerning the question of knowledge with the aim of showing that his knowledge-centred approach, which considers class and status to be the main structuring influences on society, does not address the problems captured by a function differentiated perspective (society differentiated in function systems). We demonstrate that to understand knowledge adequately in the context of the challenges of a modern function differentiated society it is better conceptualized within a competency context. Finally, we argue that criticism from a class perspective does not adequately target specific problems arising from function differentiation.
Clergy as Suicide Prevention Gatekeepers
Authors: Mason Karen , Geist Monica , Kuo Richard , Marshall Day , Wines James D.
Published: June 2021

801 U.S. Catholic, Jewish and Protestant clergy reported on their suicide gatekeeping activities. Using vignettes, they identified suicide risk and selected interventions for three risk levels. Two-thirds of the sample who provide counseling reported at least one contact from a suicidal person per year. Clergy were significantly more concurrent with experts in identifying risk and selecting interventions with high risk but deviated more from the experts with low and medium risk. Most reported needing more training.
Promoting Empowerment: “Give Me Your Hand” – Whose Hand/What Goal?
Authors: Zucker David J.
Published: June 2021

Dealing with painful suffering is discussed in a passage featuring an interchange between several rabbis in the Babylonian Talmud. As part of that discussion someone says, “Give me your hand.” Who speaks that phrase, and what is the purpose behind this request? What practical lessons can this passage teach us today? The explanations offered here propose an alternative understanding to the conventional explanation of who initiates the action. I suggest that it is the sufferer who speaks, thereby achieving self-empowerment.
Using Monte Carlo simulations to translate military and law enforcement training results to operational metrics
Authors: Biggs Adam T. , Hirsch Dale A.
Published: June 2021

There are numerous challenges comparing research initiatives due to methodological differences and scenario-specific problems. Military and law enforcement issues present an extreme variant of this challenge. Specifically, assessment and training scenarios strive for realism, but operators cannot engage one another with live rounds or induce the full spectrum of environmental stressors for obvious safety reasons. Instead, particular factors are evaluated in a given scenario via experimental statistics despite the inherent difficulty in communicating inferential statistics to the intended audience of military and law enforcement professionals. The current investigation explores how Monte Carlo simulations can use probabilistic distribution sampling to convert statistical inferences into concrete operational outcomes. Using this type of distribution sampling, statistical inferences can be translated into operational metrics such as the probability of winning a gunfight. Describing these statistical values and effect sizes in terms of survival provides a more appreciable operational metric that military and law enforcement personnel can use when evaluating the advantages of various training platforms or equipment. Several approaches are examined that each accomplish this general goal, including circumstances outside of marksmanship and lethal force decision-making.
Passage Through the Leadership Labyrinth: Women’s Journey in the Collegiate Recreation Profession
Authors: Lucia Cara , Padgett Mila
Published: June 2021

The metaphor “glass ceiling” does not accurately articulate the complexities of experiences had by women as they progress in their professional career. The leadership labyrinth serves as a theoretical framework to describe the intricacies of women’s journeys throughout their professional career and personal life. The framework implies that there are walls all around and that the journey for women is complex. Human capital, gender differences, and prejudice influence women’s decisions about their professional trajectory in collegiate recreation. Using interviews of 36 women, this qualitative study used a phenomenological approach that concentrated on the direct experience of women. The study explored the trajectory of women working in collegiate recreation to understand their lived experience. Results from this study indicate four distinct themes: barriers, mentorship/allyship, self-efficacy/competence and interventions. The findings for this study provide insight into how mentors and supervisors can address organizational culture and support women’s leadership development while working in collegiate recreation. The study offers discussion and implications for future research and practice to address the complexities women experience while navigating their passage through the leadership labyrinth.
Intraoperative haemodynamics and postoperative intensive care unit admission in older patients with cancer
Authors: Afonso Anoushka M , Sastow Dahniel , Cadwell Joshua B , Downey Robert J , Fischer Gregory W , Shahrokni Armin
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Research on the impact of various intraoperative haemodynamic variables on the incidence of postoperative ICU admission among older patients with cancer is limited. In this study, the relationship between intraoperative haemodynamic status and postoperative intensive care unit admission among older patients with cancer is explored.

Methods

Patients aged ≥75 who underwent elective oncologic surgery lasting ≥120min were analysed. Chi-squared and t-tests were used to assess the associations between intraoperative variables with postoperative intensive care unit admission. Multivariable regressions were used to analyse potential predict risk factors for postoperative intensive care unit admission.

Results

Out of 994 patients, 48 (4.8%) were admitted to the intensive care unit within 30 days following surgery. Intensive care unit admission was associated with the presence of ≥4 comorbid conditions, intraoperative blood loss ≥100mL, and intraoperative tachycardia and hypertensive urgency. On multivariable analysis, operation time ≥240min (Odds Ratio [OR] = 2.29, p = 0.01), and each minute spent with intraoperative hypertensive urgency (OR = 1.06, p = 0.01) or tachycardia (OR = 1.01, p = 0.002) were associated with postoperative intensive care unit admission.

Conclusion

Intraoperative hypertensive urgency and tachycardia were associated with postoperative intensive care unit admission in older patients undergoing cancer surgery.
Honorary authorship in high-impact journals in anaesthesia and pain medicine
Authors: Matawlie Roshni HS , Arjun Sharma Jamie RJ , de Rooij Judith D , Sardjoe Mishre Geetanjali , Huygen Frank JPM , Gadjradj Pravesh S
Published: June 2021

Enlisting an author on a published paper, whose input was insufficient, is called honorary authorship. The aim of this study is to assess the proportion of honorary authorship in the field of pain medicine. Data were collected from seven high-impact journals. Corresponding authors were sent a survey regarding their awareness on authorship guidelines, the decision-making in authorship and specific contributions made to the surveyed article. We identified two types of honorary authorship: (1) self-perceived honorary authorship, which is measured by asking the corresponding author if honorary authorship was present according to their opinion and (2) International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)-defined honorary authorship, which is honorary authorship based on the guidelines. In total, 1051 mails were sent and 231 responded, leading to a response rate of 22.0%. 81.3% of the respondents were familiar with the ICMJE authorship guidelines, while 59.6% were aware of the issue of honorary authorship. 13.3% of the respondents were employed at a department in which the senior member is automatically included on all manuscripts. The ICMJE-defined honorary authorship was 40%, while self-perceived honorary authorship was 13.5%. There seems to be a high awareness of the ICMJE guidelines among corresponding authors in the field of Pain Medicine. Despite this high awareness, a high proportion of journal articles had honorary authorship, suggesting that authorship guidelines fail to be applied in a significant proportion of the literature.
Escherichia coli bacteremia due to urinary tract infection complicated by acute myocarditis: A rare complication
Authors: Oudih Mohamadanas , Harhara Thana
Published: June 2021

Acute myocarditis is a rare complication of Escherichia coli urinary tract infection and sepsis. We report the case of a previously healthy 55-year-old female who presented to our emergency department with diarrhea and hypotension. The basic metabolic panel results showed an increase in inflammatory markers and an acute kidney injury. Urine and blood cultures grew Escherichia coli. The patient subsequently developed sudden chest pain and shortness of breath, diffuse ST-segment elevation, and cardiac enzymes’ elevation. Coronary angiogram was normal, and transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrated normal ventricular functions. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was highly suspicious of myopericarditis. The patient made a full recovery after infection treatment with intravenous antibiotics, aspirin, and colchicine.
Positive Psychology Characteristics as Predictors of School Climate Among Hispanic/Latinx Students
Authors: Lenz A. Stephen , Bledsoe Kenya G. , Placeres Vanessa
Published: June 2021

We used multiple regression analyses to explore ways that hope, resilience, and happiness influenced school climate among 380 Hispanic/Latinx students. The results suggested that hypothesized protective factors explained school climate to a greater degree among middle school participants ( R 2 = .23) when compared to those in high school ( R 2 = .13). Although hope positively influenced school climate for both groups, happiness and resilience were uniquely influential. We discuss considerations for classroom lessons and school-wide initiatives.
School Self-Evaluation and the Nature of Support System for Basic Schools in Ghana
Authors: Cobbinah Joseph E. , Eshun Emma Sarah
Published: June 2021

Studies have suggested that the effective use of school self-evaluation is one of the best ways of improving schools. Several countries use school self-evaluation as an accountability measure and quality assurance framework to improve schools’ and students’ academic performance. This article examines teachers’ understanding of school self-evaluation, the usage of school self-evaluation, and the nature of support systems that may be available to basic schools in Ghana. Interview data were gathered from teachers and headteachers to ascertain their perspectives on the application of school self-evaluation and any support systems that may be available in schools. The results show that schools have their own ways of evaluating performance, and school self-evaluation is not used as a tool to evaluate the school’s performance. It became evident that teachers do not have in-depth knowledge about school self-evaluation. The teachers agreed that authorities must organize training workshops for them to enhance their understanding and usage of school self-evaluation to improve performance in their schools.
Decision Intelligence: Creating a Fit between Intelligence Requirements and Intelligence Processing Capacities
Authors: Moser Roger , Rengarajan Srinath , Narayanamurthy Gopalakrishnan
Published: June 2021

Dynamic business environments throw up many challenges for senior executives. To make strategic decisions in such environments, it is crucial for them to find the right fit between the intelligence required for decisions, and how their companies gather and process intelligence. This paper conceptualizes a ‘ Decision Intelligence’ framework for achieving such a fit. The four major elements constituting the framework place the emphasis explicitly on senior executives adopting the right decision context, tailoring appropriate decision-making frameworks, innovating the access to diverse sources of intelligence and implementing the decisions proficiently. These elements are illustrated and elucidated by drawing on multiple firm experiences from automotive, agritech, pharma, banking and farming sectors. The paper concludes with a discussion on the major implications on intelligence processing capacity challenges of companies, and what this implies for management education and strategy research.
Outcomes of High Tibial Osteotomy With Versus Without Mesenchymal Stem Cell Augmentation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Tan Si Heng Sharon , Kwan Yiu Tsun , Neo Wei Jian , Chong Jia Yan , Kuek Tze Yin Joshua , See Jun Ze Fabian , Hui James Hoipo
Published: June 2021

Background:

The outcomes after high tibial osteotomy (HTO) with augmentation of intra-articular mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) for medial tibiofemoral osteoarthritis remain controversial.

Purpose:

To pool existing studies to compare the outcomes of HTO with versus without intra-articular MSC augmentation when performed for medial tibiofemoral osteoarthritis.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Included were clinical studies that compared the outcomes of HTO with intra-articular MSC augmentation (MSC group) versus without (control group). Pre- and postoperative outcomes were compared between groups from measures including the Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Rating Scale, Tegner score, visual analog scale for pain, arthroscopic and histological grading scales, femorotibial angle, weightbearing line, and posterior tibial slope.

Results:

We reviewed 4 studies with a total of 224 patients. The MSC group demonstrated significantly greater improvement versus controls in the pooled Lysholm score (weighted mean difference [WMD], 6.64; 95% CI, 0.90 to 12.39) and pooled IKDC score (WMD, 9.21; 95% CI, 4.06 to 14.36), which were within or close to the minimal clinically important difference. Radiological outcomes were similar in both groups, including the femorotibial angle (WMD, –0.01; 95% CI, –1.10 to 1.09), weightbearing line, and posterior tibial slope. The studies were homogeneous, and no publication bias was noted.

Conclusion:

Intra-articular MSC augmentation for HTO may modestly improve functional outcomes as compared with HTO alone. However, adequate data are lacking to make definitive conclusions regarding the effect of MSC augmentation on pain or arthroscopic and histologic grading.
Understanding Public Sentiment About Educational Reforms: The Next Generation Science Standards on Twitter
Authors: Rosenberg Joshua M. , Borchers Conrad , Dyer Elizabeth B. , Anderson Daniel , Fischer Christian
Published: June 2021

System-wide educational reforms are difficult to implement in the United States, but despite the difficulties, reforms can be successful, particularly when they are associated with broad public support. This study reports on the nature of the public sentiment expressed about a nationwide science education reform effort, the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). Through the use of data science techniques to measure the sentiment of posts on Twitter about the NGSS (N = 565,283), we found that public sentiment about the NGSS is positive, with only 11 negative posts for every 100 positive posts. In contrast to findings from past research and public opinion polling on the Common Core State Standards, sentiment about the NGSS has become more positive over time—and was especially positive for teachers. We discuss what this positive sentiment may indicate about the success of the NGSS in light of opposition to the Common Core State Standards.
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Is the New Terrain for Political Division among Americans
Authors: Cowan Sarah K. , Mark Nicholas , Reich Jennifer A.
Published: June 2021

Politically conservative Americans are less likely than those who identify as liberal to report a willingness to get a vaccine against coronavirus disease 2019. Using data from the Axios/Ipsos Coronavirus Survey from November 2020 to February 2021, the authors find that this partisan divide in vaccine hesitancy has increased over time. Recent scholarship has suggested that these differences can be attributed to personal characteristics, including varying levels of trust in institutions. The authors find that although the data supported this hypothesis in mid-November, by early February differences in demographics, concern about the pandemic, and institutional trust no longer explained the partisan gap. The authors explain the deepening divide by turning to recent evidence that political party affiliation has become a source of identity that shapes personal decision making.
Prioritizing Research Informing Antibiotic Prophylaxis Guidelines for Knee Arthroplasty Patients
Authors: Kuntz K.M. , Alarid-Escudero F. , Swiontkowski M.F. , Skaar D.D.
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

Guidelines for routine antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) before dental procedures to prevent periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) have been hampered by the lack of prospective clinical trials.

Objectives:

To apply value-of-information (VOI) analysis to quantify the value of conducting further clinical research to reduce decision uncertainty regarding the cost-effectiveness of AP strategies for dental patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods:

An updated decision model and probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) evaluated the cost-effectiveness of AP and decision uncertainty for 3 AP strategies: no AP, 2-y AP, and lifetime AP. VOI analyses estimated the value and cost of conducting a randomized controlled trial (RCT) or observational study. We used a linear regression meta-modeling approach to calculate the population expected value of partial perfect information and a Gaussian approximation to calculate population expected value of sample information, and we subtracted the cost for research to obtain the expected net benefit of sampling (ENBS). We determined the optimal trial sample sizes that maximized ENBS.

Results:

Using a willingness-to-pay threshold of $100,000 per quality-adjusted life-year, the PSA found that a no-AP strategy had the highest expected net benefit, with a 60% probability of being cost-effective, and 2-y AP had a 37% probability. The optimal sample size for an RCT to determine AP efficacy and dental-related PJI risk would require approximately 421 patients per arm with an estimated cost of $14.7 million. The optimal sample size for an observational study to inform quality-of-life parameters would require 2,211 patients with an estimated cost of $1.2 million. The 2 trial designs had an ENBS of approximately $25 to $26 million.

Conclusion:

Given the uncertainties associated with AP guidelines for dental patients after TKA, we conclude there is value in conducting further research to inform the risk of PJI, effectiveness of AP, and quality-of-life values.

Knowledge Transfer Statement:

The results of this value-of-information analysis demonstrate that there is substantial uncertainty around clinical, health status, and economic parameters that may influence the antibiotic prophylaxis guidance for dental patients with total knee arthroplasty. The analysis supports the contention that conducting additional clinical research to reduce decision uncertainty is worth pursuing and will inform the antibiotic prophylaxis debate for clinicians and dental patients with prosthetic joints.
Adjunctive Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide for Exudative Retinal Detachment in Coats Disease
Authors: Alsakran Wael A. , Nowilaty Sawsan R. , Ghazi Nicola G. , Alzahrani Yahya , AlZaid Abdulrahman , Mura Marco , Arevalo J. Fernando , Abboud Emad B. , Alsulaiman Sulaiman M. ,   for the King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital International Collaborative Retina Study Group
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

This work aims to assess the value of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) as an adjunctive therapy in advanced Coats disease with exudative retinal detachment (ERD).

Methods:

A retrospective review was conducted of patients with Coats disease stage 3 or higher who received IVTA to decrease subretinal fluid (SRF), facilitate retinal ablative therapy, and avoid surgical drainage. Primary outcomes were SRF resolution and avoidance of surgical SRF drainage.

Results:

Seventeen eyes of 17 patients (mean, [SD] age, 3.9 [3.4] years) met the inclusion criteria. ERD configuration was bullous in 7 and shallow in 10 eyes. Following a single IVTA injection, ablative therapy was achieved after a mean (SD) of 2.1 (3.0) weeks. Complete SRF resolution was observed in 13 eyes (76.4%) after a mean of 1.3 IVTA injections and a mean of 2 (SD, 1.27) laser sessions, and none of these eyes required SRF drainage up to last follow-up (mean [SD], 50.5 [26.24] months). In 4 eyes with bullous ERD at presentation, SRF persisted ( P = .015) despite additional measures including surgical drainage. Final visual acuity ranged from 20/100 to no light perception. Cataract developed in 12 of the 17 eyes (70.5%). None developed an increase in intraocular pressure at final follow-up.

Conclusions:

IVTA injection can be a helpful adjunctive modality to address SRF in advanced Coats disease. It may obviate the need to surgically drain SRF to effectively treat the condition, particularly when the ERD is not highly bullous.
All-oral longer regimens are effective for the management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in high-burden settings
Authors: Khan Palwasha Y. , Franke Molly F. , Hewison Catherine , Seung Kwonjune J. , Huerga Helena , Atwood Sidney , Ahmed Saman , Khan Munira , Sultana Tanha , Manzur-ul-Alam Mohammad , Vo Luan N.Q. , Lecca Leonid , Yae Kalkidan , Kozhabekov Serik , Tamirat Meseret , Gelin Alain , Vilbrun Stalz C. , Kikvidze Marina , Faqirzai Jamil , Kadyrov Abdullaat , Skrahina Alena , Mesic Anita , Avagyan Nana , Bastard Mathieu , Rich Michael L. , Khan Uzma , Mitnick Carole D.
Published: June 2021

Background

Recent World Health Organization guidance on drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment de-prioritised injectable agents, in use for decades, and endorsed all-oral longer regimens. However, questions remain about the role of the injectable agent, particularly in the context of regimens using new and repurposed drugs. We compared the effectiveness of an injectable-containing regimen to that of an all-oral regimen among patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis who received bedaquiline and/or delamanid as part of their multidrug regimen.

Methods

Patients with a positive baseline culture were included. 6-month culture conversion was defined as two consecutive negative cultures collected >15 days apart. We derived predicted probabilities of culture conversion and relative risk using marginal standardisation methods.

Results

Culture conversion was observed in 83.8% (526 out of 628) of patients receiving an all-oral regimen and 85.5% (425 out of 497) of those receiving an injectable-containing regimen. The adjusted relative risk comparing injectable-containing regimens to all-oral regimens was 0.96 (95% CI 0.88–1.04). We found very weak evidence of effect modification by HIV status: among patients living with HIV, there was a small increase in the frequency of conversion among those receiving an injectable-containing regimen, relative to an all-oral regimen, which was not apparent in HIV-negative patients.

Conclusions

Among individuals receiving bedaquiline and/or delamanid as part of a multidrug regimen for drug-resistant tuberculosis, there was no significant difference between those who received an injectable and those who did not regarding culture conversion within 6 months. The potential contribution of injectable agents in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis among those who were HIV positive requires further study.