bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Backward Design on Online Teaching for Spanish Technical Engineering Students
Authors:   Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, La Rioja, Spain, Rubio Antonio Daniel Juan
Published: May 2022

Pedagogical practices in Spain maintain a traditional format in which the teacher is revealed as the neural axis of the teaching-learning process, limiting the student to a passive role in which they merely reproduce the knowledge transferred without being able to contribute new knowledge through critical, reflective and transformative postures. Added to this reality is the fact that teachers are not up to date in the use of new information and communication technologies. The general objective of this research is to propose the application of the Backward Design Method in a technical engineering degree in a Spanish university in order to develop the understanding and transfer of what has been learned in the English language. This research was carried out with the purpose of proposing solutions to problems caused at the time of developing the class regarding the teaching-learning of the English language.
A Study to Assess the Problems of Prolonged Use of Mask During Covid Pandemic Among the General Public Residing in Lawspet Area at Puducherry
Authors:   epartment of Obstetrics and gynecological Nursing, Mother Theresa Post Graduate and Research Institute of Health Sciences, Puducherry, India, D. Niranjana
Published: May 2022

A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted to assess the problems of prolonged use of mask during covid pandemic among general public. The objectives of the study was to assess the problems of prolonged use of mask during covid pandemic among the general public and to find out association between the problems of prolonged use of mask during covid pandemic with selected demographic variable. The researcher developed self-administered open ended questionnaire to assess the problems of prolonged use of mask during covid pandemic among 300 public residing in lawspet area at Puducherry by using purposive sampling technique. The major findings was, regarding the demographic variables out of 300 general public 156(52%) were in age group 18-29 years, half of the public was female 198(66%), half of the public were married162(54%), 138(46%) of the public were completed under graduate(UG) level of education, half of the public were hindus168(56%), half of the public were lived in urban area 156(52%), half of the public were monthly income Rs.5000-10000 150(50%), 126(42%) of the public were company worker, 168(56%) of the public were in nuclear family, 138(46%) of the public got information from social media, 102(34%) of the public were affected in covid 19 respectively. Out of 300 public all of them were using mask 300(100%), half of the public were used surgical mask (three layered mask) 156(52%), 108(36%) of the public were used the same mask at only one time, 234(78%) of the public was not washed the single use disposable mask, 134(44%) of the public were told not wearing the N95 mask is cost effective, 120(40%) of the public were faced problems while wearing face mask was sweating, 198(66%) of the public were told no adverse reactions after using mask, 102(34%) of the public were told 4 hours was tolerable hours of wearing mask, most of the public were told correct way to wear mask was covering mouth and nose 228(76%), 144(48%) were 2 times changed the mask for full day. In association between the problems of prolonged use of mask with selected demographic variables. There is a significant(p<0.005) association between problems of prolonged use of mask during covid pandemic with selected demographic variables as religion. Then the researcher created awareness to all public regarding importance of mask, motivated to do proper hygienic measures life hand washing techniques and taught about criteria for use mask to promote the health from covid pandemic to endemic.
Hydrogeochemical Assessment of Groundwater around Gauta, Central Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Geology and Mining, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria, A Kana Aisha , A Kana Ahmad ,   Nasarwa State Water Board Headquarters, Lafia, Nigeria
Published: May 2022

The present study was aimed at assessing the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater with a view to identifying key processes controlling groundwater chemistry and in so doing identify any quality concerns. A total of 30 water samples were analysed for concentrations of major ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, SO4 2-, HCO3 - , CO3 - and Cl- ); while in-situ measurements of pH, temperature, total dissolved solids TDS and electrical conductivity EC were made. Conventional graphical plots (Gibbs, Piper, and ionic ratios) of ionic concentrations in the groundwater were used to characterize water Facies and identify major processes responsible for the ionic assemblage. The study area is underlain by two main rock types, schist and gneiss. Dominance of cations is in the order: Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+>K+; while that of the anions is in the order: HCO3 - >SO4 2-> Cl- >CO3 - . Groundwater in the study area is characterized by four types: Na-Cl type (33%); Mixed Ca-Mg-Cl type (30%); Mixed Ca-Na-HCO3 type (27%) and Mg-HCO3 type (10%). Gibbs plot indicated that the ions were mainly sourced from rock-water interaction through dissolution and leaching of the gneisses and schists of the study area. However, relatively high concentration of Cl may be due to anthropogenic activities, hence the Na-Cl water type. In terms of quality for domestic purposes, concentrations of analyzed ions and the physical parameters are within the permissible limits of both WHO and SON (NSDWQ, 2007), with the exception of a few locations that had high pH (up to 9.2) and another location with a high TDS concentration (1040mg/L). Assessment for irrigation purposes using indices such as SAR, PI, RSC and %Na show that most of the groundwater samples were suitable for use as source of water for irrigation.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Trends on Habitat Disturbance Between 1986 And 2021 In Protected Areas of, Zimbabwe
Authors:   Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe, Francisca Kunedzimwe
Published: May 2022

The main aim of this research is to analyse spatio- temporal trends on habitat disturbance between 1986 and 2021 in protected areas of, Zimbabwe with a focus on anthropogenic activities such as mining which are leading to biodiversity loss, habitat and ecosystem services disturbances. This paper provides an overview of recent studies using Remote Sensing (RS and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques to assess the extent of mining disturbance on plant habitats in protected areas of Zimbabwe. Through a systematic review, literature hotspot analysis was done as well as a trend analysis at regional specific level together with statistical tests in order to come up with an overview of the past studies which were done on habitat disturbance in protected areas of Zimbabwe over a thirty-five-year period. The paper highlights the complex nature of the impacts of mining as well as discuss spatial research methods, data sources and limitations. The results indicated an exponential growth of scientific literature on human-environment interactions in the mining environments at regional scale and a non- monotonic trend at country level. This has prompted a need to synthesize literature to guide future research. Conclusively there is limited research done on habitat disturbance in protected mining environments, hence the need for advanced geospatial scientific studies in the future on spatio-temporal analysis of trends on habitat disturbance
An Integrated Understanding of Changes in the Water Budget and Climate of Various US Sectors Over the 21st Century
Authors:   Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Massachusetts, USA, Heidari Hadi
Published: May 2022

This study integrates the improved understanding of the effects of future climate change on various sectors across the United States that include 2104 river basins, 14 megaregions, 74 national forests and grasslands, and 5 croplands. The findings highlight that farmers who are living in the Houston region and have sorghum or cotton lands are likely the most vulnerable group to future climate change in the United States. The integrated concepts in this letter can help all decision-makers to combine and coordinate diverse adaptation and mitigation strategies into a whole to attenuate the negative impacts of climate change such as water shortage, aridification, and wildfire disasters.
Vroegdetectie van prostaatkanker bij de geïnformeerde gezonde man
Authors: Van Poppel H. , Vansevenant B. , Collen S.
Published: May 2022

Early detection of prostate cancer in the informed, healthy man

In 2018, 107,000 men died of prostate cancer in the European Union. Prostate cancer is not a trivial disease and accounts for more than 10% of all male cancer deaths. Most men are not aware that it is possible to have asymptomatic prostate cancer and they are usually not informed about the existence and value of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. Early detection of prostate cancer clearly reduces prostate cancer mortality and provides the opportunity to be cured relatively easily without insurmountable side effects and at a relatively low cost. Advanced prostate cancer is associated with more morbidity that significantly reduces the quality of life. In addition, there is a real risk of metastasis and castration-refractory disease (that is extremely expensive to treat) and eventually death.

Opponents of PSA screening denounce the overdiagnosis and overtreatment of non-lethal prostate cancer. This debate has led in many countries to a decrease in PSA testing, resulting in an increase of cases with advanced prostate cancer as well as in cancer mortality rates that were declining almost everywhere in recent years.

This opinion paper discusses today’s diagnostic tools as well as the results of clinical studies on early detection, the problems related to PSA testing and the benefits of early detection with the current scientific guidelines. In summary, PSA can be used today to prevent informed men from developing too far advanced disease, thereby improving the quality of life and reducing the healthcare system costs without missing out on significant prostate cancers.
Effect of nutrient management practices and planting density on yield and nutrient uptake by hybrid maize (Zea mays)
Authors:   Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agri. & Technology, Crop Research Station, Bahraich -271801 (U.P.), SINGH M.V.
Published: May 2022

A field experiment was conducted at Crop Research Station, Bahraich (Uttar Pradesh) during Rabi season of 2015-16 and 2016-17 to study the effect of plant geometry and nutrient management practices on the performance of maize hybrids. Two maize Hybrids (H and 9682, Dekalb 900) were located in main plots, two plant geometry (60 x 20 cm and 50 x 20 cm). in subplot and three nutrient management practices viz RDF (200:60:60 kg NPK ha-1), STCR (250:50:50 kg NPK ha-1), SSNM (225:60:80 kg NPK ha-1) in sub–sub plot in split plot design with three replications. Results revealed that the higher maize yield (6804 kg ha-1 ) was recorded in maize hybrid Dekalb 900. The maximum grain (6693 kg ha-1) and stover yield (7391 kg ha-1) were recorded under the plant geometry of 60 x 20 cm and SSNM (225:60:80 kg NPK ha-1). The yield attributing characters as well as yield of the crop was benefited under hybrid Dekalb 900, Plant geometry of 60 x 20 cm and site specific nutrient management practice. The higher net return of Rs. 69680, Rs.71323 and Rs. 73483 ha-1 were recorded with maize Hybrid Dekalb 900, plant geometry of 60x20 cm and SSNM practice, respectively. The highest plant nutrients uptake of N (159 kg ha-1), P (33.9 kg ha-1) and K (85.1 kg ha-1 ) were found with (SSNM).
Impact of FYM and gypsum on seed yield and seed quality of carrot (Daucus carota L.) under high RSC water
Authors:   Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004 (India), KUMAR AMIT
Published: May 2022

The study was carried out to find out the effect of high RSC water, FYM and gypsum on seed yield and seed quality parameters of carrot (Daucus carota L.) at CCS HAU, Hisar during rabi season of 2015-17. The cultivar used for the investigation was Hisar Gairic. The treatments comprising three levels of FYM (0, 10 and 20 t ha-1) and gypsum (0, 50 and 100% neutralization of RSC) and its combinations were laid out in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The minimum values for seed yield (1.3 q ha-1), test weight (2.3 g), standard germination (72.3%), vigour index I (1129) and vigour index II (690) were recorded in control (F0G0). The maximum values for seed yield and seed quality parameters were recorded with combination of 20 t FYM ha-1 and 100% neutralization of RSC by gypsum. The combination of 20 t FYM ha-1 and 100% neutralization of RSC by gypsum proved the best treatment in carrot for quality seed production at commercial scale under semi-arid condition of Hisar (Haryana).
Biology of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) on sorghum
Authors:   Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500030, India., KRANTHI P.
Published: May 2022

The findings of this study provide basic information about the biology of this recently invaded pest. Currently, the pest is spread to entire maize growing area of south India, including Maharashtra. Further spreading may occur as the pest is migratory. In the absence of maize, pest may shift to other hosts and survive and maintain the population in India throughout the year. Knowledge of the biology of fall armyworm on sorghum helps in the management of this insect.
THE ROLE OF LEISURE TOURISM ON SUSTAINABILITY OF ENVIRONMENT.
Authors: Bethapudi Anand , Rao Kurma Sankara
Published: May 2022

The Tourism Sector is the major sector provides major employment to the Skilled, UnSkilled and SemiSkilled youth in India. Tourism sector also contributes to the GDP. There are many forms of Tourism. Tourism is critical in cultivating cross Cultural image among the people and as a result, the country's Socio-economic growth. The Major service Sector in India is travel and tourism. Heritage, cultural, medical, business and sports are all segments provided by this industry. Leisure tourism is tourism for reasons other than business, such as visiting another location for the purpose of entertainment or another profit.

The major Objectives of the research paper is to collect, Identify the classification of tourism and to examine the relationship between tourism and environment and also to find the positive impacts of tourism on environment.

The data collected from the different secondary sources, reputed Journals, Text books, government reports, magazines, tourism department annual reports etc., Leisure tourism provides employment to the youth directly or indirectly, it generates revenue to the Government and private sectors. It leads to environmental Sustainable protection and Preservation.
New Upper Cretaceous Limnocytheridae (Ostracoda, Crustacea) from Argentina
Authors: Carignano Ana Paula , Cusminsky Gabriela Catalina
Published: May 2022

Five new species of ostracods, Paralimnocythere musacchioi n. sp., Paralimnocythere aucamahuevoensis n. sp., Wolburgiopsis ballentae n. sp., Looneyellopsis multiornata n. sp. and Vecticypris punctata n. sp. are described. The significant number of Limnocytheridae taxa shows the importance of the family in brackish to freshwater Campanian-Maastrichtian sediments of the Allen and Loncoche Formations (Neuquén Basin, Argentina) and provide new paleogeographic and biostratigraphic data of each genera. Our results extend the paleogeographic and biostratigraphic range of the genera. Looneyellopsis has a widespread geographic range through Late Cretaceous, and documents affinities with associations from Southern Europe of the same age. Vecticypris is the only genus of Timiriaseviinae which is represented, so far, in the uppermost Cretaceous deposits of the Neuquén Basin.Anew species of Wolburgiopsis confirms the great significance of this genus in the Upper Cretaceous.
Early Pleistocene (Calabrian) Ostracoda assemblage and paleoenvironmental characteristics of the Fevzipasa Formation,Western Anatolia
Authors: Tuncer Alaettin , Tunoglu Cemal
Published: May 2022

The study area is located about 40km west ofAydin city in western Turkey and includesNeogene to Quaternary sediments of the Fevzipasa Formation, which unconformably overlies the Miocene rock units. The Fevzipasa Formation is composed of conglomerates, sandstones, mudstones, marls, limestones and tuff layers and is unconformably overlain by recent deposits of the Söke-Milet Basin. The lower part of the Fevzipasa Formation is represented by coarse clastics and lacustrine carbonates followed by fine to coarse-grained sandstones bearing mollusc shells. Prominent tuff layers (lower and upper tuff layers) of this dominantly sandstone succession were radiometrically dated between roughly 2 and 1Ma. Based on small mammal fauna the age of the upper part of the formation is Early to Late Pleistocene. To investigate the paleoenvironmental evolution of the succession, forty-two samples were collected along two stratigraphic sections. Ostracoda assemblages together with Chara flora, Gastropoda and Pelecypoda and fish remains were recovered from only twenty-nine samples. Ostracoda assemblages include Candona neglecta, Cyclocypris ovum, Ilyocypris gibba, I. bradyi, Heterocypris salina and Scottia cf. S. pseudobrowniana. Additionally, fish remains belonging to the Cyprinidae family (Tinca sp., Leuciscus sp. and Leuciscus etilius) and Characeae gyrogonites referable to Nitellopsis obtusa, Chara sp., C. aspera, C. globularis, C. hispida, C. vulgaris, Lychnothamnus sp. and Sphaerochara sp. occurred in the samples. The ostracod, fish, and gyrogonite records all indicate that the Fevzipasa Formation was deposited in a paleoenvironmental setting characterized by permanent and shallow water bodies. According to the identified Ostracoda assemblages and combining all available stratigraphic data, the age of middle part of the Fevzipasa Formation is suggested as Early Pleistocene (Calabrian).
Ostracod assemblages from HoloceneMiddle Shelf Deposits of southern Evoikos Gulf (Central Aegean Sea, Greece) and their palaeoenvironmental implications
Authors: Tsourou Theodoru , Drania Hara , Anastasakis George
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study is to collect micropalaeontological evidence concerning the palaeoenvironmental changes that took place at Southern Evoikos Gulf during the Holocene. Southern Evoikos Gulf is a shallow epicontinental basin, at the northern prolongation of the Cycladic Platform (Western Aegean Sea, Greece). The study area of the present research is located at the northern part of this gulf. Two cores, DEH 1 and DEH 5, the sedimentary record of which covers the last 13910 cal. yr B.P., were recovered from 70m and 75.5m water depth respectively and a detailed quantitative and qualitative ostracod analysis is performed in 88 samples of DEH 5 and 56 samples of DEH1. Atotal of 45 ostracod species were identified from DEH1 and 52 species from DEH5. The distribution of ostracod assemblages in the investigated cores indicates that a restricted shallow oligohaline lagoon was formed sometime before 13540 cal yr BP at the northern basin of the Southern Evoikos Gulf. This closed lagoon existed in the area until 11065 cal yr BP. Subsequently, during the Holocene, an unrestricted communication with the sea was established and a marine coastal environment was formed, with a gradual transition (the beginning of which is estimated at about 8000 cal yr BP in DEH 1) from an infralittoral to a circalittoral one.
Early Cretaceous nonmarine ostracod biostratigraphy of western Liaoning area, NE China
Authors: Wang Yaquiong , Sha Jingeng , Pan Yanhong , Zhang Xiaolin
Published: May 2022

The Early Cretaceous ostracod fauna in western Liaoning is divided into eight successive ostracod assemblages. These assemblages have provided information about age constraint of relevant nonmarine Early Cretaceous strata: Yixian Formation – Hauterivian to Barremian, probably up to Aptian; Jiufotang Formation – Barremian to Aptian; Fuxin Formation – Aptian; Sunjiawan Formation – Albian. According to the revised age for the upper part of the Yixian Formation in the Kazuo – Chaoyang Basin, which is Hauterivian – Barremian, Ziziphocypris linchengensis is the earliest record of the genus Ziziphocypris. This work demonstrates that the supra-regionally distributed ostracod species, including species of Cypridea, are useful for biostratigraphic correlation and age determination of lacustrine deposits. In contrast, the endemic Cypridea species are helpful for regional biostratigraphic correlation of scattered basins within western Liaoning.
Petasaria heterolepis (Prymnesiaceae) from the Southern Indian Ocean
Authors: Jafar Syed A. , Shetye Suhas , Mohan Rahul , Patil Shramik
Published: May 2022

Sea surface and sub-surface (0–110m) water samples were collected from the Southern Indian Ocean between 39°S and 65°S (along ~48°E and 57.3°E) during the austral summer of 2010 which yielded Petasaria heterolepis. Out of the two known P. heterolepis forms, the scales with brim are observed with a size range (short and long axes length) of 1.68×1.80ym-2.17×2.27ym. The occurrence of minute pores on the scales is documented except on the brim which remains poreless. The elemental analysis of the scales revealed silica (Si) as the major constituent with the occurrence of a small peak of calcium (Ca). In spite of the presence of Ca in the scales, P. heterolepis showed lack of birefringence in the light microscopic observation. P. heterolepis is neither recognizable in the fossil record nor in the bottom sediments and shows affinity towards the extant Prymnesium neolepis recorded from off the Japan coast and Southern Indian Ocean. The present study highlights the occurrence of P. heterolepis in the open ocean regions of the Southern Indian Ocean stressing its ability to grow under diverse oceanographic conditions. The phylogenetic-molecular aspects need to be carried out which could reveal better understanding of rare Si and Ca accumulation among such haptophyte algae.
The new family Ornatorotaliidae (Rotaliacea, Foraminiferida)
Authors: Benedetti Andrea
Published: May 2022

A well-preserved new specimen of Granorotalia sublobata from the type population shows the presence of spines in the microspheric generation, the same as for Ornatorotalia spinosa. The spines are irregularly distributed along the periphery of the test. The discovery of this taxonomic character points to a systematic redefinition, in which the two genera are assigned to a new family Ornatorotaliidae, in the superfamily Rotaliacea. Aside from the microspheric spinosity, Ornatorotaliids are characterized among rotaliaceans by a complex enveloping canal system, vertical funnels in both ventral and dorsal sides of the tests, umbilical flap or toothplate, and the absence of folia.
Graphene-Based Metal Oxide Nanocomposites for Gas Sensing Application
Authors: R. Naveen Kumar , D. Shrinivasa Mayya , M. B. R Savitha , P. Prasad
Published: May 2022

Recently, graphene-based materials have engaged the attentiveness of all researchers doing research related to materials science, particularly related to gas sensing application. Graphene nanocomposites or nanohybrids are the modern inclusion to the marvel applications of graphene-based materials. One of the occupying utilisation of the graphenebased nanocomposites is chemical detection which is beneficial for observing the explosive nature, harmfulness and inflammability of gases. Diversified metal oxides like tin oxide, ferric oxide, zinc oxide and indium oxide as soon as combined with graphene-based materials to form nanocomposites own enormous potentiality for detecting a minute amount of harmful gas. In this article, the various synthesising methods, preparation of composites, fabrication and gas sensing utilisation of graphene-based nanocomposites are depicted in detail
Plant Latex- A Concise Review on the Exudate
Authors: Sanjukta Rajhans  , Himanshu Pandya
Published: May 2022

In this review article an effort has been made to provide basic knowledge about plant latex. In this paper the origin and evolutionary aspects of latex has been mentioned. The geographical distribution and classification along with the physical and anatomical traits have also been brought into limelight. Moreover, the presence of phytochemicals, proteins and variation of the content of rubber in latex has been referred in the paper respectively. This paper would be of great help in gaining deeper knowledge about the plant latex for future researches.
Evaluation of Selected Heavy Metals Distribution on Bitter Leaf (Vernonia amygdalina)
Grown around e-Waste Dumpsite in Abraka Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: O.B. Eyenubo , C. A. Ogonegbu , S. A. Osakwe
Published: May 2022

The level of heavy metals in soil and V–amygdalina plant planted around e-waste dump site were investigated in this work, due to their associated pollution that is not biodegradable but accumulate in plants and animals. The soil around the e-waste dump site and two sample of V-amygdalina, i.e. both polluted and control soil were collected and analyzed via digestion and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The heavy metals mean concentrations ranged from 2.60 mg/kg (20 – 30 cm) – 1759.54 mg/kg (0 – 10 cm) across depths the trends where Fe > Co > Mn > Pb > Zn > Cr > Cu > Ba > Ni > Cd across depths. The polluted V-amygdalina (bitter leaf) plant mean concentrations follows the trend of unwashed leaf > washed leaf > stem > root across each metals. The statistical analysis displayed minimal significant difference that spanned from t = 0.06 – 0.22 and p = 7.27 – 88.34 for all the metals. The comparison of the heavy metals concentrations on the polluted plant with control and WHO/FAO permissible limit, it shows that pollution of some of the metals were observed on the plant while the reveres is the case for other metals since their values were above and below the control and WHO/FAO value. Contamination factors were low for all the metals in the categories of CF< 1, except Cd which displayed negative and high CF of CF > 6 on both polluted and control plant. The leaf (washed and unwashed)and stem displayed very high concentrations that fell in the categories of Cdeg ≥ 32, while only the unwashed and stem displayed very high Cdeg. The root displayed considerable Cdeg of 16 ≤ Cdeg < 32 respectively. The transfer factor follows the trend of Cu > Fe > Ba > Co > Ni > Zn > Cd > Cr > Pb > Mn respectively. Pollution were observed when heavy concentration were compared with control and WHO/FAO concentration limit, hence
effort should be made to control the rate of dumping e-waste indiscriminately.
Potential Applications of Marine Deposits Assessment Using Radiometric and Geochemical
Data Integration in Arewa-Jantulu NW, Nigeria
Authors: A.1. Adamu , Y. Abdulganiyu , A.U. Attahiru
Published: May 2022

Exploration for uranium, thorium, potash, and manganese at this time can be seen as a magnitude that can settle into the immense economic benefit to the host community and the country at large. These minerals have transformed the economic landscape of many host countries and they can be mined to contribute significantly to the Nigerian economy. In this study In-situ measurements using Radiometric and trace element analysis of intercontinental deposits discovered by the paleomagnetic analysis were carried out in Arewa-Jantulu part of the Gwandu formation northwestern Nigeria. The present study was aim to measure and characterize the concentration of radioactive anomalies using radiometric and geochemical measurements. Uranium (U), Thorium (Th), and Potassium (%K) as well as the total count (TOT) gamma-ray concentration was measured with a portable Gamma-ray spectrometer. The results of the gamma-ray measurements shows spatial distribution plots of different levels of radioactivity over the studied area, which reflect contrasting radioelements contents for exposures to various rock types. The phase identification of marine soil sediment samples was determined from Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). While the study has shown the correlation plots of various trace elements versus radioelements concentration as well as the total concentration of some profiles of the study area. This study identified the need for the interpretation of geochemical data in this location to confirm the results obtained are meaningful. The study has also revealed the computed mean and standard deviation for trace elements analysis for ease assessment. For radioelements occurrences, the spatial distribution plots of activity of uranium (eU), thorium (eTh), and (K %) give an indication where high concentrations of thorium and uranium
occur.
On the Application of Successive Over-relaxation Algorithmic and Block Numerical
Iterative Solutions for the Stationary Distribution in Markov Chain
Authors: Sunday O. Agboola , Semiu A Ayinde
Published: May 2022

The evolution of a system is represented by transitions from one state to the next, and the system's physical or mathematical behavior can also be depicted by defining all of the numerous states it can be in and demonstrating how it moves between them. In this study, the iterative solution methods for the stationary distribution of Markov chains were investigated, which start with an initial estimate of the solution vector and then alter it in such a way that it gets closer and closer to the genuine solution with each step or iteration., and also involved matrices operations such as multiplication with one or more vectors, which leaves the transition matrices unchanged and saves time. Our goal is to use Successive Overrelaxation Algorithmic and Block Numerical Iterative Solution Methods to compute the solutions. With the help of some existing Markov chain laws, theorems, and formulas, the normalization principle and matric operations such as lower, upper, and diagonal matrices are used. The stationary distribution vector’s π^((k+1) )={■(π_1^((k+1) )&π_2^((k+1) )&■(π_3^((k+1) )&π_4^((k+1) )&π_5^((k+1) ) )),k=0,1,2,…,n} are obtained for the illustrative examples, taken the initial stationary solution to be π^((0) )=(■(0.2&0.2&■(0.2&0.2&0.2)))^T and it was observed that all subsequent iterations yield exactly the same result as π^((1) ), and this shows that, the block iterative method requires only a single iteration to obtain the solution to full machine precision.
Agent-based modeling for theme park evacuation
Authors: Tzvetanov, MS Krassimir , Riegsecker, MS Austin , Frantz, MS, PhD Braiden , Xiong Chenxi , Bott, PhD Robert , Cline, MS, PhD Travis , Dubiel Ben , Dietz, PhD, PE J. Eric
Published: May 2022

Each year theme parks can see up to 20 million patrons, but often little effort is put into planning for an emergency evacuation. In this study, we built a multiagent simulation model using AnyLogic® 8.5.1. The model was based on a preliminary design of a theme park provided by AOA Builds, Orlando.This research had two goals: the first was to compare evacuation time when the park is full (1) using only the main guest gate and (2) using all seven available exits. The second goal was to model first responder response time between various start and end locations within the park.Using only the main gate, evacuation took an average of 14 minutes and 51 seconds. Using all seven gates results in an average evacuation time of 11 minutes and 58 seconds. This was due to a gate being overwhelmed causing a delay in overall evacuation time. If that gate is not included in the calculation, the average evacuation time drops to 6 minutes and 44 seconds.For the purpose of measuring response times, four starting locations were chosen with the guidance of a subject matter expert. These locations included response teams positioned at the front gate, at a police station, at the service area behind a main attraction, and mobile patrol walking around the park. Based on our testing, walking around the park was the best option in terms of response time, using the main gate was 53.7 percent faster than other options and, using all seven gates, was 60.7 percent faster during an evacuation using all seven exits.
Efficient evacuation strategies for emergency response management
Authors: Lakshay, PhD - , Bolia, PhD Nomesh B.
Published: May 2022

Due to the frequent occurrence of disasters worldwide, an evacuation is no longer a rare event. Planning for evacuation is an essential step of emergency response management for several disasters. As the life of people is at stake, evacuation must be safe and quick. For this, it is important to know how the evacuation process will evolve and how it can be made efficient. Accordingly, this review article presents various evacuation strategies developed in the past to make the evacuation process efficient. The scope of this review is to cover the transportation planning aspect of evacuation, provide the steps needed to be considered by the decision-maker to model the evacuation process, and then develop strategies to make it efficient. Based on the review, a framework is presented to help decision-makers make effective decisions for a given scenario. Finally, this study also highlights the aspects of evacuation planning not addressed adequately in the literature and, hence, suitable for future work.
Magazine capacity limits and home security
Authors: Knolhoff, BS Collin N. , Dietz, PhD, PE J. Eric , Lee Jae Yong
Published: May 2022

In response to several mass-casualty shootings in the United States, multiple legislative bodies have promoted or adopted laws that restrict the magazine capacity of firearms. The stated intent of these laws is to reduce the number of rounds a bad actor can fire in a mass-casualty situation. However, objectors argue that the laws not only are ineffective but could also cause an undue burden on the ability of law-abiding gun owners to protect themselves. Using agent-based simulation modeling, a home-invasion model including two-armed bad actors and a one-armed homeowner was created to test this hypothesis. The homeowner engaged the bad actors with different capacity magazines, and the survival rate was recorded and compared across the spectrum of capacities. This model showed that reducing the homeowner’s magazine capacity resulted in an increased casualty rate for the homeowner.
Identifying predictors of opioid use among older United States’ adults with pain
Authors: Axon, PhD, MPharm, MS David Rhys , Slack, PhD Marion , Warholak, PhD, RPh, FAPhA, CPHQ Terri
Published: May 2022

Objective: To identify the strongest predictors of opioid use among older United States’ (US) adults (≥50 years) with pain.Design: Cross-sectional retrospective database design.Setting: 2017 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data.Participants: Civilian, noninstitutionalized sample of US adults aged ≥50 years alive for the calendar year with pain in the past 4 weeks.Interventions: Hierarchical logistic regression models assessed significant predictors of opioid use, which included: predisposing, enabling, need, personal health practices, and external environmental factors.Main outcome measures: Opioid use status (opioid user vs. nonopioid user). Results: Among 51,372,861 civilian, noninstitutionalized US adults alive aged ≥50 years with pain in 2017, the opioid use prevalence was 27.4 percent (95 percent confidence interval = 25.8-29.0). Predictors of opioid use included: white versus other race (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 1.430), Hispanic versus non-Hispanic ethnicity (AOR = 0.648), up to high school versus higher than high school education (AOR = 1.259), functional limitation versus no limitation (AOR = 1.580), little/moderate versus quite a bit/extreme pain (AOR = 0.422), good versus fair/poor perceived mental health status (AOR = 1.429), smokers versus nonsmokers (AOR = 1.523), and residing in the northeast versus west US (AOR = 0.646).Conclusions: This study of 51 million older US adults with pain indicated that several factors including race, ethnicity, education, functional limitations, pain severity, mental health status, smoking status, and region of the country were predictors of opioid use. Future research is needed in additional clinical populations and to investigate where these findings diverge from previous studies.
Impact of state legislation in Tennessee on opioid prescribing practices of orthopedic surgeons
Authors: Guidry, PharmD, BCPS Corey , Dema, BSc Blerim , Allen, PharmD, MBA Corinne , Stewart, PharmD, BCPS David
Published: May 2022

Objective: Post-operative patients are at increased risk of becoming chronic users of opioids, and overprescribing can lead to abuse and diversion. Though data have shown a decrease in opioid prescriptions nationally, limited studies have specifically evaluated the influence of state legislation on this trend. This study aimed to assess the impact of legislation in the state of Tennessee on opioid prescribing amongst orthopedic surgeons.Design: This retrospective cohort analysis evaluated patients who received opioids post-orthopedic surgery before and after the state legislation was passed. Setting: A community teaching hospital.Patients and participants: Two hundred and three post-orthopedic surgery patients were included, with 101 in the prelegislation and 102 in the post-legislation groups.Interventions: State legislation in Tennessee limiting amounts of prescribed opioids went into effect in July 2018.Main outcome measure(s): The primary outcome was total morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) prescribed, with secondary outcomes of days’ supply, dosage units, and MME per day.Results: Orthopedic surgery patients in the post-legislation arm were prescribed significantly fewer MME than those in the prelegislation arm (median MME 375 vs. 562.5; p < 0.001). Prescription days’ supply, number of dosage units, and MME per day were also significant lower in the post-legislation group.Conclusions: After orthopedic surgery, patients in the post-legislation arm were prescribed a median 187.5 MME less than those in the prelegislation arm. Our findings suggest that state opioid legislation is associated with a reduction in the amount of opioids prescribed in certain orthopedic surgery patients, though further studies evaluating adequacy of pain control are warranted.
Opioid misuse viewed through person and place in the rural West
Authors: Voss, ScD Maren Wright , Yaugher, PhD Ashley C. , Atismé, MHA, MPH Kandice , Campbell, MPH Amy
Published: May 2022

Objective: This article overviews the current statistics and factors related to increased rates of opioid use disorder (OUD) in rural areas, uncovering factors that may contribute to increased vulnerability to opioid overdose. We qualitatively review opinions, feelings, and thoughts surrounding this issue in rural areas of Utah, analyzing participant stories in reference to three themes through qualitative interviews, including the solitude of addiction, the beguiling strength of addiction, and one way out of addiction.Design: In 2018, three focus groups were convened with 25 individuals from the rural area. Participants either currently or formerly (self-reported substance free for 6 months or more) experienced OUD with prescription opioids and heroin, or were family members of individuals who currently and formerly experienced OUD. These focus groups addressed current issues in OUDs in a rural Utah community related to person, place, and time. Following the focus groups, six individuals were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews. In-depth, semi-structured interviews queried individual experiences through a phenomenological approach, using a moderator guide with queries focused on identified themes related to the solitude, the intensity, and the difficulty escaping substance use disorder (SUD). Methodology included training community scholars with lived experience and member-checking to ensure phenomenological emphasis.Results: Our qualitative reviews of the experience of OUD and SUD in rural Utah discussed the relevance and the nuance of the three identified themes. The interviewee statements further underscore the solitude, intensity, and difficulty of an individual's journey through SUD, the all-consuming nature of OUD, and the trouble that these factors cause in rural recovery.Conclusions: We conclude that even during difficult situations in the rural experience with the opioid crisis, hope persists. OUD support in rurality may differ from the expected urban experience and include more coordination with criminal justice workers. Rural Americans have insights to share that could help turn the tide of this crisis.
Opioid abuse risk among student pharmacists
Authors: Patel, PharmD, MBA Jena J. , Volino, PharmD, CTTS Lucio R. , Cosler, RPh, PhD Leon E. , Wang, BS, PharmD Candidate Xuanqing , Kane-Gill, PharmD, MSc, FCCP, FCCM Sandra L. , Toscani, PharmD Michael , Barone, PharmD, FCCP Joseph A.
Published: May 2022

Objective: To benchmark opioid abuse risk among student pharmacists attending three northeast pharmacy schools utilizing the opioid risk tool (ORT).Design: A cross-sectional, anonymous risk assessment questionnaire.Setting: Three pharmacy schools in the northeast United States.Participants: Professional year 1 (P1) through professional year 3 (P3) student pharmacists.Methods: ORT was collected and scored by investigators and inputted into an electronic format for analysis. Students voluntarily participated, and 812 surveys were completed during one course meeting time and day at each school.Results: The majority of students were in the low-risk category (n = 581, 71.6 percent). Additionally, 137 (16.9 percent) patients were categorized as moderate risk and 94 (11.6 percent) as high risk. No statistically significant differences existed when comparing risk groups across the first through third professional year student pharmacist cohorts. There were no statistically significant differences in the proportion of risk groups among the three pharmacy cohorts between low-risk versus the high-risk groups. When comparing risk groups by gender, males were found to have a statistically significant higher proportion of being classified as moderate or high risk.Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that there may be some student pharmacists with an increased risk for opioid abuse potential. There is potential need for education regarding opioid risk awareness and abuse prevention, which may serve as a call to action for professional school students and practitioners to understand baseline opioid abuse risk if they require chronic pain therapy.
Volume 18, Number 2
Authors: Opioid Management Journal of
Published: May 2022

March/April 2022
“CÁRIE DA PRIMEIRA INFÂNCIA - REVISÃO DE LITERATURA”
Authors: Martins Cintia Romania , Texeira Letícia Duarte , Rédua Renato , Penido Laryssa , Pimentel Mirelle
Published: May 2022

INTRODUÇÃO: Considerado um problema de saúde pública no Brasil, a cárie dentária é uma doença multifatorial que depende de 4 fatores: microbiota, hospedeiro, dieta e tempo. A cárie de mamadeira, ou cárie rampante, teve sua nomenclatura atualizada para Cárie da Primeira Infância (CPI), designada como a perca, restauração ou presença de lesão cariosa cavitada ou não em uma ou mais faces dentais, localizada em qualquer dente decíduo em crianças de até 6 anos de idade. OBJETIVOS: Este trabalho tem o objetivo de realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre etiologia, consequências, tratamento e prevenção da cárie de primeira infância. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura nas bases de dados do LILACS e BBO de artigos publicados entre os anos 2019 a 2022, utilizando as palavras-chaves: (Cárie de mamadeira, Cárie dentária; cárie precoce da infância, cárie rampante). RESULTADOS: A etiologia da CPI está relacionada a presença de grandes quantidades de Streptococosmutans, ao processo de desmineralização e remineralização, consumo de açúcar noturno, fatores socioeconômicos e dentes recém irrompidos. Sua maior prevalência é crianças com livre demanda e alto consumo de bebidas e alimentos açucarados, afetando principalmente incisivos centrais, laterais e caninos superiores, molares inferiores e superiores, o sinal clínico inicial são manchas brancas opacas na cervical dos decíduos. Esta doença tem como consequência condição bucal de completa destruição dentária, dor, dificuldade na mastigação e fonação, perda de apetite e de peso, déficit de crescimento, alteração nos padrões de sono, queda no rendimento escolar, além de baixa autoestima. A prevenção e tratamento podem ser em três fases. Prevenção primária melhorando o conhecimento dos cuidadores. Secundário controle efetivo de lesões antes da cavitação. Terciária paralisação de lesões cavitadas e tratamento preservando a estrutura dentária. CONCLUSÃO: Tendo em vista as consequências que a CPI pode causar, é necessário orientar os cuidadores sobre a livre demanda do consumo de açúcar para criança menores de 2 anos, instruir sobre a escovação duas vezes por dia com pasta fluoretada, utilizando quantidade adequada. Em fase avançada, pode incluir aplicações mais frequente de verniz fluoretado e selantes em molares suscetíveis, além de tratamento operatório preservando a estrutura dentária.
ACIDENTE VASCULAR CEREBRAL ISQUÊMICO: A PATOLOGIA ASSOCIADA AO MANEJO CLÍNICO
Authors: Lemke Laura Carolina , Rocha Estela Maris Lantmann , Sena Laura Esperança Ruaro , Kawai Laura Hikari , Sandri Leonardo
Published: May 2022

Introdução: O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) isquêmico ou Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE) isquêmico ocorre quando há um bloqueio no fornecimento sanguíneo para parte do cérebro. Tal obstrução é proveniente principalmente de eventos agudos, podendo levar à neuroinflamação e edema cerebral, com posterior necrose de células nervosas e complicações clínicas que envolvem transtornos neurológicos e, até mesmo, mortalidade. O AVC isquêmico incide majoritariamente na população com 65 anos ou mais, sendo a patologia mais responsável por causar inaptidão a longo prazo, além de possuir um pior prognóstico com o avançar da idade. Nesse contexto, foram realizados diversos estudos a fim de encontrar terapias eficazes para amenizar as repercussões desse quadro na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Objetivo: Destacar os eventos patológicos associados à isquemia cerebral em relação a potenciais alvos terapêuticos para a melhora de prognóstico. Material e métodos: Foi realizada revisão de literatura dos últimos 5 anos na base de dados PubMed. Utilizando os descritores “pathology”, “necrosis” e “ischemic stroke”, foram encontrados 74 resultados, sendo que, destes, 9 foram selecionados, os quais abordaram a temática proposta. Resultados: Ao analisar os artigos selecionados, pode-se observar uma quantia relativamente diversa de terapias voltadas ao manejo clínico após evento isquêmico. A título de elucidar tal pesquisa, destacam-se principalmente algumas terapias que foram destaque por oferecer neuroproteção contra a isquemia cerebral, bem como pela melhora de prognóstico e tempo de recuperação: terapia com utilização de plaquetas CypD - redução da lesão de reperfusão; pré-tratamento com propranolol - redução de edema e apoptose neuronal; antagonistas de B-adrenoreceptores - neuroproteção; tratamento com CORM-3 - melhora das funções neurológicas pós-AVC; controle do estresse de Retículo - redução de necroptose; modulação da microbiota - altera a resposta inflamatória pós-AVC; ativação de HIF-1α - reduz dano cerebral pós-AVC. Conclusão: Dessa forma, sendo o Acidente Vascular Cerebral uma doença tão prevalente, pode-se observar a importância de uma análise aprofundada de terapias de neuroproteção contra tal patologia. Nessa conjuntura, são necessárias novas pesquisas a fim de encontrar possíveis formas de oferecer melhores prognósticos e, até mesmo, prevenção contra esse quadro tão comprometedor da qualidade de vida dos pacientes.