bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The strategic design of port services based on a total landed cost approach
Authors: González-Ramírez Rosa G. , Villalobos J. Rene , Meneses Cesar
Published: October 2020

Purpose

This paper explores the effect of port's service time, particularly the mean and variability, on shippers' total landed costs to determine the competitive position of the port and derive recommendations for the strategic design of port services.

Design/methodology/approach

The competitive position of a port is estimated considering the service level offered to the end-users of the port such as port service time, its variability and its effect on the total landed costs observed by the port users. The proposed methodology is meant to help ports to determine the required service time levels to maintain or gain a competitive advantage against other ports, in terms of attracting common hinterland's customers.

Findings

Results show the advantages of considering service levels factors to determine the competitive position of a port, and what are the minimum characteristics required to capture more traffic volumes, that can help port managers to take strategic design decisions to better position the port in the current fierce market.

Research limitations/implications

The proposed methodology is illustrated by considering a case study, which is the Port of Guaymas in Mexico. Data was not directly collected by the port, but based on interviews with shippers and public information, a representative case is presented. Due to a confidentiality agreement with the Port, specific references for most of the data used to estimate the model's parameters are not provided. The analysis is intended to show the potential value of this mechanism and can be used for evaluating the competitive position, from a high-level perspective, of any port to determine potential hinterland by improving the service level of the port.

Originality/value

The existing literature on port choice and port competition has not previously considered the effect of port service levels under the perspective of total landed costs of the users, being this paper a contribution to fulfill this gap.
Driving performance of higher education industry: an Indian scenario
Authors: Tewari Sumant Kumar , Misra Madhvendra
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify the information and communication technology management enablers (ICTMEs) and establish the hierarchical relationship among them using interpretive structural modelling (ISM) and analyse their driving and dependence power, using integrated ISM fuzzy-MICMAC analyses.

Design/methodology/approach

For identifying the ICTMEs, along with extensive literature review a large number of academicians and practitioners of repute are consulted. The contextual relationships between ICTMEs are established with the help of a well-established ISM methodology and further ICTMEs are analysed on the basis of their driving and dependence power and classified them into four different clusters by using fuzzy-MICMAC.

Findings

This paper has identified 25 key ICTMEs related to human resource, organization culture, technology, strategic planning, ICTM practices and organizational performance measurement and created a diagraph representing hierarchical relationship among them. Further these enablers are analysed and classified into four clusters on the basis of their driving and dependence power.

Research limitations/implications

The developed relational model is based on the inputs of academicians and practitioners and any biasing from the person judging the ICTM enablers might influence the power of this model.

Practical implications

Top management of the organization could formulate and execute their strategies keeping in mind these identified critical enablers and relationship among them which will finally result into higher performance of ICTM.

Originality/value

This is the first kind of study which has identified 25 key enablers of ICTM, established hierarchical relationship among them and analysed them on the basis of their driving and dependence power using integrative ISM fuzzy-MICMAC analysis.
A case study on FMEA-based improvement for managing new product development risk
Authors: Moreira Antonio Carrizo , Ferreira Luis Miguel D.F. , Silva Pedro
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the applicability of the failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) as an effective tool for decreasing failure risk in the early phase of the new product development (NPD), which adds to existing literature on the application of FMEA in NPD.

Design/methodology/approach

Through the application of action research (AR) methodology, it was possible to develop a case study examining the use of FMEA to decrease NPD risk in an early phase of NPD execution.

Findings

The importance and immediate gains of identifying NPD failures support FMEA's usefulness for NPD risk decrease. Moreover, its user-friendliness, timeliness and cost advantages facilitate the introduction of FMEA in the early phase of NPD execution.

Originality/value

FMEA is a well-known method used in manufacturing companies to identify and correct failures in products, processes and systems. This article explores the lack of practice-oriented evidence on the use of FMEA in the early phase of NPD execution and provides support to its applicability and effectiveness.
The drivers of omni-channel shopping intention: a case study for fashion retailing sector in Danang, Vietnam
Authors: Truong Thi Hieu Hanh
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to look into the mechanism in which customers involve themselves in omni-channel retail setting and use its advantages.

Design/methodology/approach

Via an empirical analysis through surveying customers, this paper assesses and confirms the drivers of omni-channel shopping intention within the context of fashion retailing sector in Danang.

Findings

The findings highlight the significance of customer perception of research shopping (including showrooming and webrooming) behaviours, compatibility and risk to their intention towards omni-channel shopping, implying profound understanding of designing effective omni-channel retailing strategy.

Originality/value

From a theoretical perspective, comprehending customer perception of the omni-channel concept has emerged as an important theme in recent literature as well as in practitioners' reports. Hence, the meaningful contribution of this study is the involvement in the attractive steam of study. From a managerial perspective, this study could offer guidance to retailers or managers about developing a successful omni-channel strategy from a customer point of view.
Linking absorptive capacity, knowledge transfer and transactive memory
Authors: Human Gert
Published: October 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to construct an argument in support of the idea that absorptive capacity may lead to improved transactive memory conditional to the effectiveness of knowledge transfer between team members.

Design/methodology/approach

The study reports on the results of data collected from 10 knowledge worker teams in a business-to-business context across various industries. The study tests a theoretical model to consider the relationship between the dimensions of absorptive capacity, knowledge transfer effectiveness and transactive memory systems.

Findings

At the individual level, the results suggest that knowledge acquisition and assimilation is associated with higher levels of knowledge transfer while unstructured knowledge transfer is associated with specialisation, credibility and coordination that drives transactive memory.

Originality/value

The results suggest that an alternative conceptualisation of the relationship between absorptive capacity, knowledge transfer effectiveness and transactive memory systems is indeed conceivable. This implies that transactive memory can benefit from increased absorptive capacity and enhanced knowledge transfer effectiveness and may point at an under-explored avenue of research.
Disinvestment in Indian central public sector enterprises: a performance improvement measure
Authors: Mandiratta Priya , Bhalla G.S.
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to represent an attempt to empirically capture the impact of disinvestment on the financial and operating performance of 26 Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) listed central public sector enterprises (CPSEs) in India which got divested through stock market mechanism during the time period of 2000–2014.

Design/methodology/approach

Through ratio analysis different ratios such as return on assets, return on equity, net income efficiency, debt equity, dividend payout and employment levels have been computed. Pre- and post disinvestment performance of these firms is examined through Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The present research endeavors to examine the impact of disinvestment through random effect panel data models in order to control the effect of other firm specific variables.

Findings

The overall results of the study indicate statistically significant fall in profitability ratios. The empirical results have not witnessed positive effect of disinvestment on the profitability of the CPSEs; rather, this effect has found to be negative. The possible reasons behind these negative results could be poor pre disinvestment financial health of CPSEs, negative rate of return on capital employed by PSEs and inefficiency which need to be tested empirically by future researchers.

Originality/value

The fact that government-owned firms are typically less proficient or at least less gainful than private-owned firms is widely hypothesized. Therefore, the disinvestment policy aims at dropping the participation of the public sector in the economic actions of the country in order to support the private sector. The present study is a first of its kind to study the impact of disinvestment on the profitability of the firms, which got divested through stock market mechanism since the year 2000 by applying both univariate and multivariate analysis.
Predicting Indian consumers' purchase intention from Western apparel brands
Authors: Chakraborty Swagata , Sadachar Amrut
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The present study compared Indian consumers' attitude (AT) toward and purchase intention (PI) from Western apparel brands, as a function of their Western acculturation (WA), consumer ethnocentrism (CE) in apparel consumption, consumer cosmopolitanism (CC) and country of residence (India vs the USA).

Design/methodology/approach

The sample included Indians residing in India and the USA, who were 19 years or older, and visited online or brick-and-mortar apparel stores. An online survey was administered through Amazon Mechanical Turk to collect the data. The data was analyzed through multi-group structural equation modeling.

Findings

WA engenders CE among Indian consumers, especially among Indians residing in India. WA and CC positively influence AT. CE did not have a significant negative influence on AT. Although a high CE lowers the PI, a high WA, CC and positive AT can translate into high PI.

Research limitations/implications

The study did not use an experimental design. Therefore, causal relationships between the research variables could not be explained. Majority of the respondents were male. This might have confounded the findings with potential gendered effects.

Practical implications

Western apparel brands targeting Indian consumers in India and the USA should focus on projecting their cosmopolitan and pro-Indian image to target this population's cosmopolitan and ethnocentric outlook, thereby enhancing PI.

Originality/value

The study proposed and empirically tested a conceptual model indicating the relationship between some of the important predictors of Indian consumers' PI in the context of Indians residing in the USA and India.
Challenges for academic organizations' legitimacy in Colombia's transition to a postconflict context
Authors: Ramirez Jacobo , Vélez‐Zapata Claudia
Published: October 2020

Purpose

We explore and explain how academic organizations attempt to establish legitimacy in a transition to a postconflict context, and we examine the ethical challenges that emerge from insightful approaches to formal education in such contexts.

Design/methodology/approach

We use legitimacy theory to present a case study of a business school in Medellin, Colombia (herein referred to by the pseudonym BS-MED) in the empirical setting of the end of the most prolonged armed conflict in the world.

Findings

We identify the mechanisms implemented by BS-MED to comply with the Colombian government's peace process and rhetoric of business profitability and the faculty members' initiatives in response to social and academic tensions.

Originality/value

This study identifies the sources of the tensions and discrepancies between the regulatory and pragmatic versus moral and cultural-cognitive criteria of legitimacy in transitions to a postconflict context. This examination advances our understanding of the challenges that organizations face regarding changes to legitimacy over time. The extreme setting of our case positions academics as key players who lead the search for legitimacy. This study challenges the understandings of legitimacy in the literature on organizations, which rarely consider broader sociopolitical transitions to a peace context.
Development land valuation accuracy in China – a case study of Beijing
Authors: Dou Mengmeng , Hemphill Lesley Anne , Lim Lay Cheng
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The paper aims to quantitatively investigate vacant industrial land valuation accuracy in China, given the importance of the industrial market as an underlying pillar to promote urban growth especially in emerging economies.

Design/methodology/approach

In China, the government formulates a Land Benchmark Price (LBP) to serve as a price reference point to sell land rights. To gain an in-depth understanding of the valuation practice by LBP, this paper uses correlation analysis to investigate the varying dynamics between the transaction-based prices and LBP appraisal-based estimates. Furthermore, a margin of error examination investigates the distortion in LBP land appraisals, with an amended LBP presented to improve the accuracy of the current LBP method.

Findings

Different influencing factors are identified to impact the actual market transaction prices and the LBP construction, leading to a large discrepancy in industrial land appraisals. A systematic problem is recognised that the construction of the LBP follows urban bid curve theory, whereas the land transaction prices do not, demonstrating that an urgent LBP update is needed to capture the market dynamics for industrial market.

Practical implications

The paper sets out discrepancies in valuation accuracy surrounding the application of the LBP valuation approach in China. This has practical implications for valuers in terms of raising their awareness of the deficiencies in the approach and the pitfalls they need to guard against in their appraisals. It also has implications for developers and investors who rely on valuer appraisals to assess the viability of land purchases; hence, they need to express caution in the appraisal advice sought. Finally, the results demonstrate to the standard setters how they need to modify the LBP equations to better capture market dynamics.

Originality/value

The paper examines valuation accuracy in transitional economies, through valuation differentials between appraised price and the transacted price. The value of the work lies in the analysis of the fundamental differentials between market price and appraised value, which is of importance to investors/developers, practicing valuers, as well as government officials responsible for setting the valuation standards.
Computer-assisted EFL writing and evaluations based on artificial intelligence: a case from a college reading and writing course
Authors: Wang Zhijie
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The aim of this study is to explore students' expectations and perceived effectiveness of computer-assisted review tools, and the differences in reliability and validity between human evaluation and automatic evaluation, to find a way to improve students' English writing ability.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the expectancy disconfirmation theory (EDT) and Intelligent Computer-Assisted Language Learning (ICALL) theory, an experiment is conducted through the observation method, semistructured interview method and questionnaire survey method. In the experiment, respondents were asked to write and submit four essays on three online automated essay evaluation (AEE) systems in total, one essay every two weeks. Also, two teacher raters were invited to score the first and last papers of each student. The respondents' feedbacks were investigated to confirm the effectiveness of the AEE system; the evaluation results of the AEE systems and teachers were compared; descriptive statistics was used to analyze the experimental data.

Findings

The experiment revealed that the respondents held high expectations for the computer-assisted evaluation tools, and the effectiveness of computer scoring feedback on students was higher than that of teacher scoring feedback. Moreover, at the end of the writing project, the students' independent learning ability and English writing ability were significantly improved. Besides, there was a positive correlation between students' initial expectations of computer-assisted learning tools and the final evaluation of learning results.

Originality/value

The innovation lies in the use of observation methods, questionnaire survey methods, data analysis, and other methods for the experiment, and the combination of deep learning theory, EDT and descriptive statistics, which has particular reference value for future works.
Tactics, affects and agencies in digital privacy narratives: a story completion study
Authors: Watson Ash , Lupton Deborah
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to report on the findings from the Digital Privacy Story Completion Project, which investigated Australian participants' understandings of and responses to digital privacy scenarios using a novel method and theoretical approach.

Design/methodology/approach

The story completion method was brought together with De Certeau's concept of tactics and more-than-human theoretical perspectives. Participants were presented with four story stems on an online platform. Each story stem introduced a fictional character confronted with a digital privacy dilemma. Participants were asked to complete the stories by typing in open text boxes, responding to the prompts “How does the character feel? What does she/he do? What happens next?”. A total of 29 participants completed the stories, resulting in a corpus of 116 narratives for a theory-driven thematic analysis.

Findings

The stories vividly demonstrate the ways in which tactics are entangled with relational connections and affective intensities. They highlight the micropolitical dimensions of human–nonhuman affordances when people are responding to third-party use of their personal information. The stories identified the tactics used and boundaries that are drawn in people's sense-making concerning how they define appropriate and inappropriate use of their data.

Originality/value

This paper demonstrates the value and insights of creatively attending to personal data privacy issues in ways that decentre the autonomous tactical and agential individual and instead consider the more-than-human relationality of privacy.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-05-2020-0174
A novel ‘triple drawdown’ method highlights deficiencies in invasive alien crayfish survey and control techniques
Authors: Chadwick Daniel D. A. , Pritchard Eleri G. , Bradley Paul , Sayer Carl D. , Chadwick Michael A. , Eagle Lawrence J. B. , Axmacher Jan C.
Published: October 2020

Freshwater crayfish can be successful invaders that threaten native biota and aquatic ecosystems in numerous countries worldwide. Nonetheless, the inability of conventional crayfish survey techniques like trapping and handsearching to yield quantitative population data has limited the understanding of crayfish invasion biology and associated ecological impacts.

Here, we employed a novel ‘triple drawdown’ (TDD) method to sample invasive populations of signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus in a headwater stream in Northern England. The method was compared with conventional techniques of trapping and handsearching.

The TDD method proved to be an effective technique with high capture efficiency, reporting signal crayfish densities from 20.5 to 110.4 animals/m2 at our study sites. These numbers exceed any previous estimates for similar streams.

The TDD showed the vast majority of individuals across all sites were juvenile or sub‐adult (<26 mm CL), with only 2.3% of the population large enough (≥35 mm CL) to be caught in standard traps.

Synthesis and applications. The triple drawdown (TDD) method demonstrates strong inefficiencies and biases in conventional crayfish survey and management techniques. Trapping is not recommended for representative sampling or control of juvenile dominated populations. TDDs, which can be adapted and modified to operate in multiple habitat types and freshwater systems, generate robust quantitative data on invasive crayfish population demographics in situ. This can advance our understanding of the biology of an important invader of freshwater systems around the world. Obtaining this data prior and post‐intervention is fundamental to evaluate invasive crayfish management, and we recommend the TDD method to assess the effectiveness of future control measures.
Contact zone of two different chloroplast lineages and genetic guidelines for seed transfer in Quercus serrata and Quercus crispula
Authors: Onosato Kataru , Shitara Takuto , Matsumoto Asako , Matsuo Ayumi , Suyama Yoshihisa , Tsumura Yoshihiko
Published: October 2020

Within their natural distribution ranges, plant species exhibit a genetic structure that has been created by global climate change and natural selection over long periods. This genetic structure needs to be conserved for sustainable use of genetic resources. To conserve local forests with different genetic structures, genetic guidelines for seed and seedling transfer in individual species are necessary. Genetic guidelines have been published for 43 Japanese tree species using population genetic data; however, for practical use, more detailed genetic borders between important genetic lineages should be clarified to inform seed collection and planting. Thus, we investigated in detail the genetic borders between two important Japanese oak species, Quercus serrata and Quercus crispula, in the Chubu region of Japan using chloroplast and nuclear DNA markers, and we discuss the factors that influenced border creation using the results of species distribution modeling (SDM). The chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) haplotype was clearly different within the Chubu region of Japan but the difference in nuclear DNA between northern and southern haplotype populations was very small, both in Q. serrata and Q. crispula. The results of SDM showed that during the last glacial maximum (LGM) Q. serrata was distributed mostly along the coastline but Q. crispula was distributed not only along the coast but also in mountainous areas further inland. The cpDNA genetic borders of these two oak species are complex and seem to have been influenced by topography and their distribution during the LGM. We propose and discuss genetic guidelines for these two oak species based on the results of this study.
Co‐culture with Synechococcus facilitates growth of Prochlorococcus under ocean acidification conditions
Authors: Knight Margaret A. , Morris J. Jeffrey
Published: October 2020

Anthropogenic CO2 emissions are projected to lower the pH of the ocean 0.3 units by 2100. Previous studies suggested that Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus, the numerically dominant phytoplankton in the oceans, have different responses to elevated CO2 that may result in a dramatic shift in their relative abundances in future oceans. Here we showed that the exponential growth rates of these two genera respond to future CO2 conditions in a manner similar to other cyanobacteria, but Prochlorococcus strains had significantly lower realized growth rates under elevated CO2 regimes due to poor survival after exposure to fresh culture media. Despite this, a Synechococcus strain was unable to outcompete a Prochlorococcus strain in co‐culture at elevated CO2. Under these conditions, Prochlorococcus' poor response to elevated CO2 disappeared, and Prochlorococcus' relative fitness showed negative frequency dependence, with both competitors having significant fitness advantages when initially rare. These experiments suggested that the two strains should be able to coexist indefinitely in co‐culture despite sharing nearly identical nutritional requirements. We speculate that negative frequency dependence exists due to reductive Black Queen evolution that has resulted in a passively mutualistic relationship analogous to that connecting Prochlorococcus with the ‘helper’ heterotrophic microbes in its environment.
Membrane vesicles from a Dietzia bacterium containing multiple cargoes and their roles in iron delivery
Authors: Wang Meng , Nie Yong , Wu Xiao‐Lei
Published: October 2020

Membrane vesicles (MVs) released from bacteria act as extracellular vehicles carrying various functional cargoes between cells. MVs with different cargoes play multiple roles in stress adaptation, nutrient acquisition and microbial interactions. However, previous studies have primarily focused on MVs from Gram‐negative bacteria, while the characteristics of cargoes in MVs from Gram‐positive bacteria and their involvement in microbial interactions remain to be elucidated. Here, we used a Gram‐positive strain, Dietzia sp. DQ12‐45‐1b from Corynebacteriales, to analyse the characteristics and functions of MVs. We identified the ‘antioxidant’ canthaxanthin is stored within MVs by LC–MS/MS. In addition, nearly the entire genomic content of strain DQ12‐45‐1b are evenly distributed in MVs, suggesting that MVs from DQ12‐45‐1b might involve in horizontal gene transfer. Finally, the mycobactin‐type siderophores were detected in MVs. The iron‐loaded MVs effectively mediate iron binding and delivery to homologous bacteria from the order Corynebacteriales, but not to more distantly related species from the orders Pseudomonadales, Bacillales and Enterobacterales. These results revealed that the iron‐loaded MVs are shared between homologous species. Together, we report the Gram‐positive bacterium Dietzia sp. DQ12‐45‐1b released MVs that contain canthaxanthin, DNA and siderophores and prove that MVs act as public goods between closely related species.
The case for rigorous comparative research and population impacts in a new era of evidence‐based interventions for juvenile offenders
Authors: Welsh Brandon C.
Published: October 2020

A key take away from Elliott et al.’s critical review is the need for a program of more rigorous comparative research to assess the two main evidence‐based models for guiding juvenile justice interventions. Additionally, a sound measure of this research should be whether or not the different models are able to achieve (and sustain) population impacts. Both of these are important issues facing the evidence‐based movement in juvenile justice today, and the purpose of this essay is to make the case for greater attention to each one. The decision‐tree method and computer simulation modeling represent two rigorous approaches, and their use could benefit immensely understanding of the comparative effectiveness of the different models. It will also be important to consider other existing models as part of a program of comparative research. The risk‐need‐responsivity model and Communities That Care are two examples. A key criticism of evidence‐based interventions, whether they are brand‐name programs or generic practices, is the limited research demonstrating their ability to achieve population impacts. Some of the views undergirding this criticism are warranted. At the same time, advancements in the science of implementation over the last two decades bolster support for scaling up evidence‐based interventions and attaining impacts at the population level. Efforts underway in several states provide additional support for the ability to scale‐up evidence‐based juvenile justice interventions and achieve population impacts. Expanding the scope and accelerating the pace of this work begins by building on the progress so far as well as a renewed political will.
Resting‐state connectome‐based support‐vector‐machine predictive modeling of internet gaming disorder
Authors: Song Kun‐Ru , Potenza Marc N. , Fang Xiao‐Yi , Gong Gao‐Lang , Yao Yuan‐Wei , Wang Zi‐Liang , Liu Lu , Ma Shan‐Shan , Xia Cui‐Cui , Lan Jing , Deng Lin‐Yuan , Wu Lu‐Lu , Zhang Jin‐Tao
Published: October 2020

Internet gaming disorder (IGD), a worldwide mental health issue, has been widely studied using neuroimaging techniques during the last decade. Although dysfunctions in resting‐state functional connectivity have been reported in IGD, mapping relationships from abnormal connectivity patterns to behavioral measures have not been fully investigated. Connectome‐based predictive modeling (CPM)—a recently developed machine‐learning approach—has been used to examine potential neural mechanisms in addictions and other psychiatric disorders. To identify the resting‐state connections associated with IGD, we modified the CPM approach by replacing its core learning algorithm with a support vector machine. Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired in 72 individuals with IGD and 41 healthy comparison participants. The modified CPM was conducted with respect to classification and regression. A comparison of whole‐brain and network‐based analyses showed that the default‐mode network (DMN) is the most informative network in predicting IGD both in classification (individual identification accuracy = 78.76%) and regression (correspondence between predicted and actual psychometric scale score: r = 0.44, P < 0.001). To facilitate the characterization of the aberrant resting‐state activity in the DMN, the identified networks have been mapped into a three‐subsystem division of the DMN. Results suggest that individual differences in DMN function at rest could advance our understanding of IGD and variability in disorder etiology and intervention outcomes.
Text messaging interventions for reducing alcohol consumption among risky drinkers: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bendtsen Marcus , McCambridge Jim , Åsberg Katarina , Bendtsen Preben
Published: October 2020

Background and Aims

The global growth of mobile phone use has led to new opportunities for health interventions, including through text messaging. We aimed to estimate the effects of text messaging interventions on alcohol consumption among risky drinkers.

Methods

Systematic review and meta‐analysis of reports on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English. Searches were conducted on 23 May 2019 in PubMed; PubMed Central; CENTRAL; CDSR; DARE; NHS‐EED; Scopus; PsycINFO; PsycARTICLES; CINAHL; and Web of Science. Measurements included number of episodes of heavy drinking (HED) per month and weekly alcohol consumption (WAC) in grams. Trials among risky drinkers who were not receiving co‐interventions were included in the review (n = 3481, mean age 29 years, 41% female). Data were extracted from reports and authors were contacted for additional data.

Results

Ten trials were included and all analyses were based on random‐effects models. Primary analyses, including seven trials (n = 2528) for HED and five trials (n = 2236) for WAC, found that the interventions may reduce self‐reported HED [−0.33 episodes per month; 95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.79, 0.12] and WAC (−18.62 g per week; 95% CI = −39.61, 2.38), although both estimates included the null. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) quality of evidence was judged to be low for both HED and WAC, primarily due to risk of attrition and performance bias, heterogeneity and influence of pilot trials on estimates.

Conclusions

Text messaging alcohol interventions may reduce alcohol consumption compared with no or basic health information; however, there are doubts about the overall quality of the evidence.
Interactions between hymenopteran species associated with gall‐forming wasps: the Leptocybe invasa community as a case study
Authors: Gevers Caitlin R. , Dittrich‐Schröder Gudrun , Slippers Bernard , Hurley Brett P.
Published: October 2020

Leptocybe invasa is native to Australia and induces galls on various species of Eucalyptus. Two genetically distinct lineages of this wasp have been detected outside its native range, namely, Leptocybe Lineage A and Leptocybe Lineage B.

The parasitoid Selitrichodes neseri was released in South Africa as a biological control agent against L. invasa. Another parasitoid of L. invasa, Quadrastichus mendeli, as well as Megastigmus zebrinus (parasitoid) and Megastigmus pretorianensis (role unknown), have also been recorded emerging from L. invasa galls. The objective of this study was to investigate the interactions between the different hymenopterans associated with L. invasa galls in South Africa.

L. invasa galls were dissected and species‐specific primers and restriction enzymes were used to identify the larvae where interactions were noted.

S. neseri, Q. mendeli and M. zebrinus were confirmed to parasitize Leptocybe Lineage A, and S. neseri was confirmed to parasitize Leptocybe Lineage B. Furthermore, there were direct interactions between these parasitoids, where parasitoids were found parasitising each other. The gall forming experiment confirmed that M. pretorianensis is not a gall former, but other potential roles remain uncertain.
Direct and indirect effects of contact quality and perceived cultural identification on conflict management styles in an American–Chinese context
Authors: Imamura Makiko , Zhang Yan Bing , Liu Ning
Published: October 2020

From the theoretical perspectives of anxiety and uncertainty management and intergroup contact, this study examined U.S. American participants’ (N = 487) perceptions of conflict management styles with Chinese international students. Specifically, this study tested the indirect effects of participants’ perceptions of contact quality with the Chinese in general and strength of Chinese international students’ identification with home culture on conflict management styles through intergroup communication anxiety and social attraction. A conflict scenario was set in a typical class project context in which the American participants experienced a conflict with a Chinese international student. Results indicated that participants’ perceptions of contact quality with the Chinese and Chinese international students’ identification with their home culture had positive indirect effects on the problem‐solving style and negative indirect effects on the competing and avoiding styles through intergroup communication anxiety. In addition, quality of contact had positive direct and indirect effects on the accommodating style through social attraction of Chinese international students. Findings in this study generally indicated important ways in which contact experiences with outgroup members, intergroup communication anxiety, and outgroup membership influence specific communication behaviours during a conflict episode. Findings are discussed in light of prior literature and theories of intergroup contact, anxiety, and integrated threat.
The impact of protocol‐based high‐intensity pharmacological thromboprophylaxis on thrombotic events in critically ill COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Atallah B. , Sadik Z. G. , Salem N. , El Nekidy W. S. , Almahmeed W. , Park W. M. , Cherfan A. , Hamed F. , Mallat J.
Published: October 2020

The reported incidence rate of venous and arterial thrombotic events in critically ill patients with COVID‐19 infections is high, ranging from 20% to 60%. We adopted a patient‐tailored thromboprophylaxis protocol based on clinical and laboratory presentations for these patients in our institution. We hypothesised that patients who received high‐intensity thromboprophylaxis treatment would experience fewer thrombotic events. The aims of our study were to explore the incidence of thrombotic events in this population; to assess independent factors associated with thrombotic events and to evaluate the incidence of haemorrhagic events. A retrospective review of all adult patients with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) between 1 March and 29 May 2020 was performed. The primary outcome was a composite of venous and arterial thrombotic events diagnosed during the ICU stay. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the independent factors associated with thrombotic events. A total of 188 patients met the inclusion criteria. All received some type of thromboprophylaxis treatment except for six patients who did not receive any prophylaxis. Of the 182 patients who received thromboprophylaxis, 75 (40%) received high‐intensity thromboprophylaxis and 24 (12.8%) were treated with therapeutic anticoagulation. Twenty‐one patients (11.2%) experienced 23 thrombotic events (incidence rate of 12.2% (95%CI 7.9–17.8)), including 12 deep venous thromboses, 9 pulmonary emboli and 2 peripheral arterial thromboses. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that only D‐dimer (OR 2.80, p = 0.002) and high‐intensity thromboprophylaxis regimen (OR 0.20, p = 0.01) were independently associated with thrombotic events. Thirty‐one patients (16.5%) experienced haemorrhagic events; among them, 13 were classified as major bleeding according to the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis criteria. Therapeutic anticoagulation, but not the high‐intensity thromboprophylaxis regimen, was associated with major bleeding. A proactive approach to the management of thromboembolism in critically ill COVID‐19 patients utilising a high‐intensity thromboprophylaxis regimen in appropriately selected patients may result in lower thrombotic events without increasing the risk of bleeding.
Optimisation of clinical workflow and monitor settings safely reduces alarms in the NICU
Authors: Varisco Gabriele , van de Mortel Heidi , Cabrera‐Quiros Laura , Atallah Louis , Hueske‐Kraus Dirk , Long Xi , Cottaar Eduardus JE , Zhan Zhuozhao , Andriessen Peter , van Pul Carola
Published: October 2020

Aim

To address alarm fatigue, a new alarm management system which ensures a quicker delivery of alarms together with waveform information on nurses' handheld devices was implemented and settings optimised. The effects of this clinical implementation on alarm rates and nurses' responsiveness were measured in an 18‐bed single family rooms neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Methods

The technical implementation of the alarm management system was followed by clinical workflow optimisation. Alarms and vital parameters from October 2017 to December 2019 were analysed. Measures included monitoring alarms, nurses' response to alarms and time spent by patients in different saturation ranges. A survey among nurses was performed to evaluate changes in alarm rate and use of protocols.

Results

A significant reduction of monitoring alarms per patient days was detected after the optimisation phase (in particular for SpO2 ≤ 80%, P < .001). More time was spent by infants within the optimal peripheral oxygen saturation range (88% < SpO2 < 95%, P < .001). Results from the surveys showed that false alarms are less likely to cause an inappropriate response after the optimisation phase.

Conclusion

The implementation of an alarm management solution and an optimisation programme can safely reduce the alarm burden inside of the NICU environment.
Colonising public engagement: Revealing the “expert–lay” divisions formed by academia's dominant praxis
Authors: Esmene Shukru
Published: October 2020

Public engagement is an important feature of research into societal issues and challenges. Complex issues such as responses to climate change, environmental degradation, and fuel and food poverty require a closer link between academic research and publics if action relating to these challenges is to be harnessed collectively. The past two decades have seen an increase in efforts to form closer links between publics and academics. However, much of the activities associated with forming such links remain embedded within motivations defined by academics. Not only are these motivations defined by academics, but their success is often aligned with outcomes formed by the perspectives and targets of academics. Thus, “expert–lay” divisions are placed at the centre of the processes which initiate, facilitate, and report on public engagement. This paper engages with recent developments in public engagement to reveal the “expert–lay” divisions that allow academia to colonise the spaces and processes of public engagement. Using contemporary definitions of colonisation, this commentary demonstrates how academia forms a dominant praxis around spaces and outcomes of engagement. Overall, a reflexive approach to allow added opportunities for engagement to be facilitated by non‐academic actors is recommended, while the influences of different academic disciplines in defining the possibilities for such opportunities is acknowledged.
The effect of migration on terror: Made at home or imported from abroad?
Authors: Dreher Axel , Gassebner Martin , Schaudt Paul
Published: October 2020

We analyze how a country's immigrant population—defined as the stock of people born abroad—affects the probability of a terrorist attack in the host country. Using data for 20 OECD host countries and 183 countries of origin over the 1980–2010 period our OLS and 2SLS regressions show that the probability that immigrants from a specific country of origin conduct a terrorist attack in their host country increases with a larger number of foreigners from such countries living there. However, this scale effect does not differ from the effect domestic populations have on domestic terror. We find scarce evidence that terror is systematically imported from countries with large Muslim populations or countries where terror networks prevail. Policies that exclude foreigners already living in a country increase rather than reduce the risk that foreign populations turn violent, and so do terrorist attacks against foreigners in their host country. Highly skilled migrants are associated with a significantly lower risk of terror compared with low skilled ones, while there is no significant difference between foreign‐born men and women.
Implications of COVID‐19‐induced nationwide lockdown on children's behaviour in Punjab, India
Authors: Sama Bhupinder Kaur , Kaur Palakpreet , Thind Parteek Singh , Verma Manpreet Kaur , Kaur Mandeep , Singh Dapinder Deep
Published: October 2020

Background

Lockdown is one of the prevalent tools that are used to control the spread of COVID‐19 virus in India. Under the circumstances created during lockdown period, children are deprived from the social interaction and companionship; because of which, they are susceptible to psychiatric disorders. Therefore, in this study, efforts were to understand the impacts of lockdown on the mental status of the children of India and their specific causes.

Study Design

It is a questionnaire‐based study.

Methods

A web‐based questionnaire was prepared, and 400 parents from four districts of Punjab, India, namely, Ludhiana, Sahibzada Ajit Singh (SAS) Nagar, Sangrur and Ferozepur, were telephonically interviewed. Further, the information collected from the interviews was statistically analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software.

Results

Findings from this study revealed that 73.15% and 51.25% of the children were having signs of increased irritation and anger, respectively; 18.7% and 17.6% of the parents also mentioned the symptoms of depression and anxiety, respectively, among their children, which were also augmented by the changes in their diet, sleep, weight and more usage of the electronic equipment. Children (~76.3%) persistently urge to go outdoors and play with their friends; therefore, they could lag in social development. Further, observations from Pearson's correlation revealed that during lockdown, children's mental health is significantly related to the area of their house, number of children in the family, qualification of their mother and socio‐economic status of their family.

Conclusions

This study made it evident that the mental health of the children residing in Punjab, India, was compromised during the lockdown period induced by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Findings of this study may also trigger the international authorities to frame the guidelines of lockdown in the interest of mental health of their native children.
Estimating species response to management using an integrated process: A case study from New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Mayfield Helen J. , Brazill‐Boast James , Gorrod Emma , Evans Megan C. , Auld Tony , Rhodes Jonathan R. , Maron Martine
Published: October 2020

Evaluating the effectiveness of management actions for threatened species recovery is critical for adaptive management. However, decision makers frequently lack the resources and time to develop data‐driven models for rigorous monitoring and evaluation. Expert knowledge can be useful in such situations, but can be challenging to translate into specific expectations about system responses. We describe a case study of the Saving Our Species program in New South Wales, Australia, showing how an integrated process drawing from structured decision making, conceptual modeling and structured expert elicitation can help species' managers formalize how a species is expected to respond to management over time and the assumptions about the mechanisms driving that response. The process described uses step‐by‐step guidelines to assist managers in defining the scope, documenting factors that influence outcomes and identifying indicators and target values for adaptive management plans. This case study demonstrates a robust, yet practical process for estimating species response to site management in situations where empirical monitoring data is absent or incomplete. In doing so it provides a useful tool that helps species' managers in data poor situations to take a more evidence‐informed approach to conservation.
Kidney transplantation in valvular heart disease and pulmonary hypertension: Consensus in waiting
Authors: Jha Ajay Kumar , Lata Suman
Published: October 2020

Kidney transplantation induces a lesser anesthetic, surgical, and physiological alterations than other solid organ transplantation. Concomitant valvular pathologies expose these patients to poor postoperative outcome. There is a critical gap in knowledge and lack of coherence in the guidelines related to the management in patients with end‐stage renal disease with valvular heart disease. The individualized diagnostic and management plan should be based on the assessment of perioperative outcomes. Similarly, pulmonary hypertension in end‐stage renal disease poses a unique challenge, it can manifest in isolation or may be associated with other cardiac lesions, namely left‐sided valvular heart disease and left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Quantification and stratification according to etiology are needed in pulmonary hypertension to ensure an adequate management plan to minimize the adverse perioperative outcomes. Lack of randomized controlled trials has imposed hindrance in proposing a unified approach to clinical decision‐making in these scenarios. In this review, we have described the magnitude of the problems, pathophysiologic interactions, impact on clinical outcomes and have also proposed a management algorithm for both the scenarios.