bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the acoustic emission and thermal infrared signal characteristics of granite with freeze-thaw damage in cycle loading process
Authors: Liang Yufei , Yang Qingwen , Zhu Ling , Jiang Tao , Gao Meibeng
Published: September 2022

Acoustic emission and thermal infrared signals are related to the process of rock breaking. In this paper, the acoustic emission and thermal infrared signals of rock are obtained during the loading process of indoor granite freeze-thaw cycle test and uni-axial compression test. Then the acoustic emission signals sent out during rock breaking are analyzed by short-time Fourier transform to get the peak frequency. infrared radiation thermographic sensor is applied to monitor and record the temperature change on the surface of rock so as to get the influence of thermal infrared radiation characteristics during rock materials deformation and breaking. Under the same axial stress, the samples passing through more freeze-thaw cycles have higher surface temperature. Both acoustic emission and thermal infrared temperature show that tensile failure is the main failure factor to granite samples. As freeze-thaw effect results in more micro fissures inside rock, the granite samples develop in the tendency of large breakage increases and small breakage decreases. This phenomenon shows that freeze-thaw cycle could restrict the heat release of granite sample.
Geochemical implications for gas hydrate occurrence and seepage at Sites GMGS5-W07 and W09 in Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea
Authors: Lu Yinghan , Yang Hailin , Lu Hailong , Fang Yunxin , Kuang Zenggui
Published: September 2022

The compositions and morphological characteristics of minerals and the cycle of trace elements in sedimentary environments are considered to be powerful indicators for the occurrence and evolution of gas hydrates. In this article, total organic carbon (TOC) content, particle size distribution, mineral composition, element distribution, and iron speciation of sediments from sites GMGS5-W07 and GMGS5-W09 of the South China Sea are studied. The high content of TOC and the occurrence of authigenic mineral assemblages suggest the accumulation potential of gas hydrate at the two sites. In the methane-rich layers, redox-sensitive trace elements, such as Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sb, Fe, and Mn, are enriched while reducing conditions lead to the accumulation of Fe and the increase of Fe(II) species proportion in sediments. Enrichment factors and Pearson correlation analysis of trace elements show that the circulation of trace elements at site W07 is more strongly affected by methane-rich fluids than at site W09. Fe-oxyhydroxides play a critical role in the development of As and Sb enrichments, and in particular, seep fluids may be a pivotal extra input of Mo, As, and Sb at site W07. Therefore, more intense methane seepage might have happened at site W07, and this conjecture has been further confirmed by higher Sr/Ca in sediments. Based on these results, the change in seepage intensity is not associated with the occurrence of gas hydrate.
Asymmetric Inner-Core Structure and its Impact on Rapid Intensification of a Sheared Tropical Cyclone
Authors: Liu Bojun , Wang Mingjun , Zhao Kun
Published: September 2022

Based on ground-based Doppler radar data with high spatial and temporal resolution, our study focuses on rapid intensification (RI) of a sheared tropical cyclone (TC). The asymmetric inner-core structure and its impact on RI are presented using the Advanced Regional Prediction System-3DVAR. The time evolution of the TC inner-core characteristics shows that Meranti experiences two stages of RI: the asymmetric dominant period and the axisymmetric dominant period. The comparison between the two RI stages shows that the vortex intensified more in the asymmetric stage than the axisymmetric stage. The wavenumber-1 component introduced by the vertical wind shear dominates the asymmetric structure. In the moderate-to-strong shear environment, deep convection occurs mainly in the downshear-left quadrant, generating substantial diabatic heating in the downshear region. Under a suitable inner-core structure configuration, the downshear vortices are entrained cyclonically inward, resulting in RI. It is the interaction between the axisymmetric inner-core structure of the TC and the mesoscale vortex that controls the intensification process, which can be replicated by the nondivergent barotropic model with a similar initial field. This infrequent case provided observation of RI during a strong shear period, which suggests that the inner core structure is vital for TC RI.
Influence of Slope Amplification on the Pile Dynamic Behavior Based on the Data Mining Method
Authors: Wang Yu , Zheng Tong , Sun Rui , Qi Wenhao , Qi Wanwan
Published: September 2022

In this article, a centrifuge shaking table model test of anchored stabilizing piles for strengthening landslides was established, and the dynamic response characteristics of the pile–anchor–slope under earthquake action were analyzed. On this basis, combined with the fuzzy gray relational analysis and the rank-sum ratio method, the correlation between the amplification of the acceleration response of the heterogenous slope and the dynamic response of the support structure was explored. Based on the obtained results, relevant suggestions for engineering design were proposed. The results showed that the seismic amplification of the complex soil–rock slope reinforced by the pile–anchor structure was not uniform and the amplification coefficient had strong variability. Among them, the amplification coefficient of the slope, dynamic earth pressure, and dynamic bending moment of the pile near the connection of the pile–anchor cable continued to increase; the correlation between the seismic amplification and the seismic behavior of the pile–anchor structure is different at different positions of the slope. The measurement points with a higher comprehensive ranking of correlation are mainly concentrated in the pile–anchor connection, the middle of the slope, and the high-angle soil–rock interface. It is related to the geometric characteristics of the model and the high seismic amplification of the slope; for the pile–anchor connection part and the high-angle soil–rock structure surface of the slope, the shock absorption measures and grouting strength of the anchor cable’s anchoring section should be considered in the engineering design.
Biases of the Mean and Shape Properties in CMIP6 Extreme Precipitation Over Central Asia
Authors: Liu Zhu , Zhang Guoping , Ding Jin , Xiao Xiong
Published: September 2022

The global climate models (GCMs) are indispensable for accurately simulating the climate variability and change, and numerous studies have assessed climatic extreme events globally and regionally. However, the shape properties of GCM precipitation extreme simulations, such as measures of asymmetry (e.g., skewness coefficient) and measures of tail heaviness (e.g., kurtosis coefficient), have received far less attention. Here, we address this issue by comparing the performance of 22 GCMs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) in reproducing the statistical properties of ground observations for the period 2001–2014 over typical arid and semiarid Central Asia. We evaluated the performance of the CMIP6 models using novel methodologies to assess biases not only in mean and variation but also in higher order L-moments which involved less bias and variance than the conventional moment approach, including 1) summary statistics as expressed by univariate analysis of L-moments and 2) the bivariate kernel densities of (mean, L-variation) and (L-skewness, L-kurtosis) using the application of the highest probability region (HPR) and applying the Hellinger distance as a measure of agreement. The results show that CMIP6 simulations can reproduce the shape properties of precipitation extremes with the observational datasets and that biases are observed when the mean and variation are examined bivariate. An ensemble mean of the CMIP6 models does not improve the performance of the variation and skewness of the simulated precipitation extremes, while it only slightly constrains the mean and kurtosis error of most metrics. Our results could provide guidance for climate research and improve the statistical properties of CMIP6 models in relation to ground observations.
An empirical model for the travel distance prediction of deflection-type rock avalanches in the wenchuan earthquake area
Authors: Yang Hailong , Pei Zuan , He Zhihao , Lei Jin , Xia Xiaotian
Published: September 2022

Travel distance is a significant indicator for evaluating the mobility of rock avalanches and is usually used to identify the approximate delineation of potentially endangered regions. The deflection-type rock avalanche is a typical laterally confined rock avalanche and is characterized by obvious changes in the travel path. In this study, we selected deflection-type rock avalanches that occurred in the Wenchuan earthquake area as the research object and statistically analyzed 54 rock avalanches collected from the literature. Multiple linear regression of the logarithm of the ratio of slope height to travel distance (h/L) versus the logarithm of other parameters was developed to obtain a best-fit empirical model for the travel distance prediction of deflection-type rock avalanches. The validity of the proposed empirical model was verified by the satisfactory agreement between observations and predictions. Moreover, the sensitivity of local topographic parameters on the mobility of deflection-type rock avalanches is also discussed using regression analysis.
Female students’ responses to change
Authors: Pilotti Maura A. E. , Faisal Nouf Y. , Hassan Samia A. M. , Cavazos Sandra E. , Elmoussa Omar
Published: September 2022

The present research examined students’ responses to the post-pandemic instructional world. The participants were women of society transitioning from a patriarchal order to one fostering gender equity in education and employment. At the end of the first semester, which highlighted their return to campus, students completed a questionnaire on their self-efficacy and a questionnaire on their responses to the post-pandemic learning environment as compared to the pandemic one. Students’ self-management of motivation, effort, time, self-regulation of attention, and time and effort investment revealed three kinds of responses to change: adaptation, maintenance, and surrender. Responses varied with self-efficacy. These multidimensional patterns were interpreted to discover how best to provide support services in the post-pandemic ecosystem.
Influence of perceived equity, job enrichment, and burnout among educators in Indian private universities on job satisfaction and the desire to quit
Authors: Annamalai Sumathi
Published: September 2022

The desire to quit converts into actual attrition if left unaddressed. Additionally, employees’ job satisfaction strongly influences their desire to stay or leave. Several individual and organizational factors affect job satisfaction levels, all of which must be thoroughly analyzed to curb both the desire to quit and attrition. The current study tests a model associating perceived equity, job enrichment, and burnout with job satisfaction and the desire to quit of educators employed in private universities in India. Data were collected from 272 university faculty members using five scales, namely, job enrichment, perceived equity, employee burnout, job satisfaction, and intention to leave, and were analyzed using AMOS 17. The initial fitness results failed to support the hypothesized framework, but a revised framework yielded a good fit for the data. Results show that perceived equity has a positive influence on job satisfaction (Hypothesis 2), job enrichment positively affects job satisfaction (Hypothesis 3), burnout negatively influences job satisfaction (Hypothesis 4), and job satisfaction negatively affects the desire to leave (Hypothesis 1). Perceived equity, burnout, and job satisfaction were found to mediate the association between job enrichment and the desire to leave. The results indicate that private universities must focus on job satisfaction to reduce employees’ desire to quit, thereby reducing the attrition level, which is currently a severe problem with both financial and non-financial consequences to universities. From the results, it can be seen that job enrichment has acted as a mediator to influence employees’ job satisfaction. Future research can explore HR practices contributing to high job enrichment, and this study would have considerable practical implications.
Calreticulin and PDIA3, two markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress, are associated with metabolic alterations and insulin resistance in pediatric obesity: A pilot study
Authors: Antoniotti Valentina , Bellone Simonetta , Gonçalves Correia Filipa Patricia , Peri Caterina , Tini Sabrina , Ricotti Roberta , Mancioppi Valentina , Gagliardi Mara , Spadaccini Daniele , Caputo Marina , Corazzari Marco , Prodam Flavia
Published: September 2022

Our aim was to evaluate the markers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress among children and adolescents with obesity in relation to metabolic alterations. Calreticulin (CALR) and PDIA3 circulating levels were assessed on 52 pediatric subjects—26 patients with obesity and 26 normal weight controls (4–18 years)—enrolled in a pilot study. Clinical and metabolic evaluations were performed (BMI-SDS, insulin, and glucose at fasting and during an oral glucose tolerance test, lipid profile, blood pressure), and metabolic syndrome was detected. PDIA3 was higher (p < 0.02) and CALR slightly higher in children with obesity than in controls. PDIA3 was related positively to the Tanner stages. Both PDIA3 and CALR were positively associated with insulin resistance, cholesterol, and triglycerides and the number of criteria identifying metabolic syndrome and negatively with fasting and post-challenge insulin sensitivity. Our preliminary findings suggest the existence of a link between ER stress and metabolic changes behind obesity complications even at the pediatric age. CALR and PDIA3 could be early markers of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia-related ER stress useful to stratify patients at high risk of further complications.
Gut microbiota profiling revealed the regulating effects of salidroside on iron metabolism in diabetic mice
Authors: Shi Jing , Zhao Qin , Hao Dou Dou , Miao Hong Xia , Wan Sha , Zhou Chao Hua , Wang Si Yu , Chen Si Yuan , Shang Jin , Feng Tian Hang
Published: September 2022

Background

Diabetes is a common metabolic disease that is associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis and iron metabolism. Salidroside (SAL) is the main ingredient of the traditional Chinese herb Rhodiola, previous studies have shown that SAL could reshape the gut microbiota and limit iron accumulation. Therefore, it is possible that SAL can act as an alternative therapy for diabetes, and its underlying mechanism is worth exploring.

Methods

SAL was used to treat diabetic db/db mice. Serum glucose and iron levels and the histopathology of myocardial fibres were evaluated. The gut microbiota composition was determined by 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing technology.

Results

Treatment with SAL significantly reduced blood glucose and ameliorated diabetic cardiomyopathy in diabetic db/db mice, which was accompanied by inhibited ferroptosis and iron accumulation. Furthermore, the 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that SAL induced a change in the gut microbiota composition. Overall, SAL could increase the proportion of probiotic bacteria and decrease Lactobacillus to improve gut microbiota. Specifically, SAL increased the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes in diabetic mice. The most significant biomarker was the genus Lactobacillus between the MD group and the SAL group. In addition, COG and KEGG analyses suggested that SAL mainly participated in nutrient metabolism, among them iron metabolism was associated with the abundance of Lactobacillus.

Conclusions

SAL could reduce the glucose level and protect against diabetic cardiomyopathy in diabetic mice, which might be mediated by the change in the gut microbiota and the regulation of iron metabolism. The findings suggested that SAL was a promising complementary option for diabetes therapy.
Glucose-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (GLR) as a Predictor of Preoperative Central Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Construction of the Nomogram
Authors: Jin Lingli , Zheng Danni , Mo Danni , Guan Yaoyao , Wen Jialiang , Zhang Xiaohua , Chen Chengze
Published: September 2022

Background

Detection of metastasis of central lymph nodes in papillary thyroid cancer is difficult before surgery. The role of routine or preventive central lymph node dissection in the management of papillary thyroid cancer remains inconclusive. Moreover, glucose metabolism and systemic inflammation are related to the aggressiveness of several malignant tumors and the prognoses of these patients. This study aimed to construct a nomogram based on the readily available preoperative clinical features for predicting the occurrence of preoperative central lymph node metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The findings may underlie clinical implications for determining the appropriate treatment strategies for these patients.

Methods

A total of 419 patients were enrolled. We used the receiver operating characteristic curves to determine the best cut-off value and converted the continuous into categorical variables. Next, a single-factor logistic analysis for the independent variables was performed, following which a multivariate regression analysis was conducted for the selected significant risk factors. Finally, the nomogram was constructed and verified using external data; the existing data were compared with the original model.

Results

According to the receiver operating characteristic curves, the best cut-off values ​​for glucose-to-lymphocyte ratio and tumor size were 4.23 cm and 0.95 cm, respectively. Findings from the multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that age, bilateral tumors, maximum tumor size, and the ratio of glucose-to-lymphocytes were independent risk factors for preoperative central lymph node metastasis. The C-indexes in the training and the external validation data sets were 0.733 and 0.664, respectively. Both calibration curves and the Hosmer-Lemeshow tests indicated that the model was well-calibrated. Through decision curve analysis, the predictive model was estimated to have strong clinical applicability and greater benefits. To compare the performance of the new with that of the original model, we performed a net reclassification index and the integrated discrimination improvement analyses, both of which indicated that the new model had a better predictive ability.

Conclusion

In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and papillary thyroid cancer, a high preoperative glucose-to-lymphocyte ratio was an independent predictor of the preoperative central lymph node metastasis. The nomogram so constructed could better predict the preoperative central lymph node metastasis in these patients.
Review: The evolution of peptidergic signaling in Cnidaria and Placozoa, including a comparison with Bilateria
Authors: Hauser Frank , Koch Thomas L. , Grimmelikhuijzen Cornelis J. P.
Published: September 2022

Bilateria have bilateral symmetry and are subdivided into Deuterostomia (animals like vertebrates) and Protostomia (animals like insects and mollusks). Neuropeptides occur in both Proto- and Deuterostomia and they are frequently structurally related across these two lineages. For example, peptides belonging to the oxytocin/vasopressin family exist in both clades. The same is true for the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) of these peptides. These observations suggest that these neuropeptides and their GPCRs were already present in the common ancestor of Proto- and Deuterostomia, which lived about 700 million years ago (MYA). Furthermore, neuropeptides and their GPCRs occur in two early-branching phyla that diverged before the emergence of Bilateria: Cnidaria (animals like corals and sea anemones), and Placozoa (small disk-like animals, feeding on algae). The sequences of these neuropeptides and their GPCRs, however, are not closely related to those from Bilateria. In addition, cnidarian neuropeptides and their receptors are not closely related to those from Placozoa. We propose that the divergence times between Cnidaria, Placozoa, and Bilateria might be too long for recognizing sequence identities. Leucine-rich repeats-containing GPCRs (LGRs) are a special class of GPCRs that are characterized by a long N-terminus containing 10-20 leucine-rich domains, which are used for ligand binding. Among the ligands for LGRs are dimeric glycoprotein hormones, and insulin-like peptides, such as relaxin. LGRs have been found not only in Proto- and Deuterostomia, but also in early emerging phyla, such as Cnidaria and Placozoa. Humans have eight LGRs. In our current review, we have revisited the annotations of LGRs from the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis and the placozoan Trichoplax adhaerens. We identified 13 sea anemone LGRs and no less than 46 LGRs from T. adhaerens. All eight human LGRs appear to have orthologues in sea anemones and placozoans. LGRs and their ligands, therefore, have a long evolutionary history, going back to the common ancestor of Cnidaria and Placozoa.
Association between waist-hip ratio and subclinical myocardial injury in the general population: Insights from the NHANES
Authors: Wang Zhenwei , Huang Xu , Li Jingjie , Liu Naifeng , Wei Qin
Published: September 2022

Background

Although studies have shown that higher waist-hip ratio (WHR) is closely related to higher risk of metabolism-related diseases, the relationship between WHR and subclinical myocardial injury (SC-MI) is unknown. This study was to evaluate the effect of WHR on SC-MI in the general population free from cardiovascular disease.

Methods

The cross-sectional study included 6253 participants without cardiovascular disease (CVD) from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) for further analysis. Restricted cubic spline, multivariable logistic regression models and subgroup analyses were performed to assess the association between WHR and SC-MI.

Results

The multivariate logistic regression showed that after adjusting for potential confounding factors, participants in the higher quartiles had higher risk of developing SC-MI than those in the first quartile of WHR [Q3, OR (95% CI): 1.523 (1.159, 2.000), P = 0.002; Q4, OR (95% CI): 1.719 (1.279, 2.311), P < 0.001], and this relationship was robust among the participants aged ≥ 50 years, with hypertension and without diabetes. Every 0.1 unit increase in WHR, as a continuous variable, increased the risk of SC-MI by more than 20% [OR (95% CI): 1.233 (1.092, 1.392), P = 0.001]. And restricted cubic spline analysis showed that there was a linear positive correlation between WHR and the risk of SC-MI.

Conclusions

WHR may be an independent risk factor for SC-MI in the general population free from CVD.
Distinguishing between metastatic and benign adrenal masses in patients with extra-adrenal malignancies
Authors: Chen Jinchao , He Yedie , Zeng Xiaowei , Zhu Shaoxing , Li Fangyin
Published: September 2022

Background and Objectives

The adrenal gland is a common organ involved in metastasis. This study aimed to compare adrenal metastases (AMs) and adrenal benign masses (ABMs) of patients with extra-adrenal malignancies during the staging or follow-up.

Methods

We retrospectively collected data from 120 patients with AMs and 87 patients with ABMs. The clinical characteristics, imaging features, pathology, and treatment regimes were analyzed.

Results

The most common types of extra-adrenal malignancies in patients with ABMs included thyroid, kidney, and gynecological cancers. On the other hand, lung and kidney cancers and lymphoma were the most frequent primary cancers of AMs. The age and incidence of symptoms were significantly higher in patients with AM. Radiological analysis showed that AMs tended to have larger tumor sizes and higher attenuation values than ABMs on pre-contrast computed tomography (CT). The diagnostic accuracy of positron emission tomography-CT for AM was 94.1%. An adrenal biopsy had a diagnostic accuracy of 92.5%. A multivariate logistic regression model demonstrated that the origins of extra-adrenal malignancies, the enhancement pattern, and attenuation values in pre-contrast CT were independent predictors of AMs. The sensitivity and specificity of this predictive model of combination was 92.5% and 74.1%, respectively.

Conclusions

The differential diagnosis between AMs and ABMs is extremely important. The combination of origin of first malignancy, enhancement pattern and CT value in non-enhanced phase is a valuable model for predicting AMs.
AI based controller optimization for VSC-MTDC grids
Authors: Khan Shahid Aziz , Ansari Jamshed Ahmed , Chandio Rashid Hussain , Munir Hafiz Mudassir , Alharbi Mohammed , Alkuhayli Abdulaziz
Published: September 2022

Electric power industry is continually adopting new techniques to improve the reliability and efficiency of the energy system and to cope with the increasing energy demand and the associated technical challenges. In recent years, the maturation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) led researchers to solve various problems in the power system by using AI techniques. Voltage Source Converter is the result of advancements in the field of power electronics and semiconductors technology, which holds a promising future for the realization of smart grid, renewable energy integration, and HVDC transmission system. Usually hit and trial method or the design engineer’s experience is used for the manual tuning of the PI controllers, which cannot yield superior performance. The process becomes more complicated when multiple grids are involved, such as in VSC-based MTDC grids. This research article use a deep learning optimization technique for the tuning of the VSC controllers, which resulted in quick settling time, better slew rate, less undershoot and low overshoot. The deep learning neural network is trained through the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to produce the best possible tuned or optimally tuned parameters for the controllers. The optimal tuning of the controller will result in an overall better performance of the converter and the grid. A four-layered deep learning neural network and a three-terminal MTDC grid were designed and simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.
A residential user classification approach based on the graded portrait with considering the IDR adaptability and potential
Authors: Huang Yifan , Liu Yang , Xu Lixiong , Guo Haoran
Published: September 2022

In the current modern power system, extreme load peaks and valleys frequently occur due to the complicated electricity consumption behaviors. This point severely impacts the security, stability, and economy of the power system. Demand response (DR) has been proved to be one of the most effective ways to shift load to relieve the intensity of the power system. Although DR is mainly applied on the commercial and industrial loads traditionally, in recent years, the residential load has gradually attracted attentions of DR researches, especially incentive demand response (IDR) research because of its remarkable stability and flexibility in terms of load shifting. However, the difficulty of measuring the IDR adaptability and potential of a residential user according to the load curve significantly prevents the IDR from being conveniently implemented. And further, the power company is tremendously difficult to efficiently and effectively select the users with high IDR adaptabilities and potentials to participate in IDR. Therefore, to address the aforementioned issues, this paper presents a residential user classification approach based on the graded user portrait with considering the IDR adaptability and potential. Based on the portrait approach, the residential users with high IDR adaptabilities can be preliminarily selected. And then, based on the selected users, the portrait approach to delineate the users with high IDR potentials is further presented. Afterward, the achieved residential users with high adaptabilities and potentials are labeled, which are employed to train the presented variational auto encoder based deep belief network (VAE-DBN) load classification model. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the presented user portrait approaches as well as the presented load classification model. The results suggest that the presented approaches could be potential tools for power company to identify the suitable residential users for participating in the IDR tasks.
HIL real-time simulator based 3D-space vector pulse width modulation for performance analysis of 3-phase matrix converter
Authors: Palanisamy R. , Shanmugasundaram V. , Lakshmi M. , Karthikeyan B. , Aboras Kareem M. , Bajaj Mohit , Alsharef Mohammad , Elattar Ehab E. , Kamel Salah
Published: September 2022

In this paper, Three Dimensional Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (3D-SVPWM) is developed to obtain the performance analysis of a 3-phase matrix converter (MC). MC is used to convert 3-phase fixed AC voltage to 3-phase variable AC voltage, which provides superior performance compared to conventional AC to AC converters. The 9-bidirectional power switches in a 3-phase matrix converter are controlled by appropriate gating pulses utilizing 3D-SVPWM. In conventional AC to AC power converters, the common mode voltage is induced across the load terminal, which causes bearing failure and EMI issues and so leads to increased total harmonic distortion (THD). Implementing the 3D-SVPWM approach with the nearest switching state vector (NSV) selection mechanism alleviates these problems. In proposed system, CMV is reduced to 37 V, which is equivalent to a Vdc/8 time of the supplied AC input voltage and THD of 3-phase to 3-phase MC is reduced to 1.12% for output voltage and 2.18% for output current. The output findings of the simulation and real-time simulator are verified using the Matlab Simulink model and the HIL real-time (OPAL-RT) simulator.
Reservoir properties and CO2 storage capacity of the Rose Run Sandstone (Lower Ordovician, Knox Group) in the Central Appalachian Basin, northeast Kentucky
Authors: Bowersox J. Richard , Greb Stephen F. , Harris David C.
Published: September 2022

The Lower Ordovician Rose Run Sandstone is a potential CO2storage reservoir in the Central Appalachian Basin in northeast Kentucky where the Kentucky Geological Survey’s 1 Hanson Aggregates research well penetrated it at drill depths of 1,000–1,009.5 m. Average Rose Run porosity and permeability from core plugs are 9.1% and 44.6 mD, respectively.In situreservoir properties were determined by step-rate testing an 18.6-m interval bracketing the Rose Run. Pressure derivative analysis of wellbore falloff pressure suggests that the Rose Run shares properties of both dual-porosity and dual-permeability reservoirs, consistent with its mixed lithologies. The Rose Run pore pressure was 9.3 MPa/km, 1.1 MPa/km underpressured compared to the expected hydrostatic gradient of 10.4 MPa/km. Average porosity of the Rose Run, at the industry-standard 7% porosity cutoff for assessing CO2storage capacity, calculated from 27 wells in the surrounding region, was 11.6% and the average net reservoir thickness was 6.2 m. Geomechanical properties of the overlying Beekmantown Dolomite show that it would act as a reservoir confining interval during CO2injection. The estimated P50supercritical CO2storage volume is 77.2 kt/km2, yielding P50storage capacity of 165.7 Mt in the region. By itself, an average surface area of 12.9 km2would be required to store 1 Mt of supercritical CO2in the Rose Run, thus lacking the volume to act as a stand-alone CO2storage reservoir in this area. It could contribute to a stacked-reservoir storage project developed in the larger Knox section, however. CO2–brine relative permeability tests suggest that nearly half of any supercritical CO2injected into the Rose Run would be residually trapped, and another portion would be trapped by mineral precipitation. The Rose Run in the KGS 1 Hanson Aggregates well is very close to the subsurface CO2critical depth in the northeast Kentucky region and lacks an updip reservoir trap. How far and fast the mobile CO2migration might occur at this site remains for future research and reservoir modeling.
Cation Mixing and Capacity Loss in Li||Ni0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 Cells: Experimental Investigation and Application of the Multi-Site, Multi-Reaction Model
Authors: Verbrugge Mark W. , Baker Daniel R. , Chen Shuru , He Meinan , Cai Mei
Published: September 2022

We clarify the degradation phenomena in a pouch cell that contains an insertion electrode (LizNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 or lithated NMC622) and a Li counter electrode. Greater than 500 cycles have been achieved in these cells employing 4 mAh/cm2 for both the initial Li metal negative and the NMC622 positive, and we find that cation mixing within the NMC622 is prevalent. That is, transition metals (Ni, and to a lesser extent, Mn and Co) in the transition-metal layer of NMC622 irreversibly exchange places with Li in the Li layer of NMC622, corresponding to a loss of Li sites and a concomitant loss of Coulombic capacity. The use of 1) a perturbation procedure of a recent publication employing the multi-site, multi-reaction model for the porous positive electrode and 2) a procedure to average the degradation phenomena over each cycle, which is shown to be consistent with slow degradation, simplifies the analysis of the experimental data and enables straightforward parameter regression. The resulting agreement between the model calculations and the experimental data is quite good, with the differences being similar to experiment-to-experiment variation.
Review on online operation insulator identification and fault diagnosis based on UAV patrol images and deep learning algorithms
Authors: Zhang Zhaoyun , Cai Delong , Zhang Zhi
Published: September 2022

Artificial intelligence has great potential for use in smart grids. Power system image recognition based on artificial intelligence is an important research direction. The insulator is essential equipment for the power grid and is related to operational safety. Online operating insulator location identification and fault diagnosis technologies based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) patrol the images, and deep learning algorithms have been continuously suggested and developed. These technologies have achieved good results in practical application. By compiling the recent literature on insulator detection technology, three common application scenarios and research difficulties are uncovered: The need for increased detection accuracy and real-time speed; faulty image recognition of complex backgrounds and target occlusion; and multiscale object and small object detection improvements. At the same time, the improved algorithms in the literature are comprehensively summarized, and the performance evaluation indices of various algorithms are compared.
Cooperate or not with knowledge-advantaged ENGO: Motivating supplier environmental responsibility of competitive core enterprises
Authors: Meng Qingchun , Jiang Yumei , Pan Jian
Published: September 2022

Recently, core enterprises are compelled to invest in the environmental responsibility of upstream suppliers, since their brand image and market share will be significantly impacted when suppliers fail to comply with environmental regulations. However, the effectiveness of the core enterprises’ investment efficiency is limited by insufficient environmental knowledge. Although cooperating with the knowledge-advantaged environmental non-governmental organization (ENGO) may be an effective solution, we observe from the recent examples that not all core enterprises are willing to cooperate in a competitive market. Within this context, we develop a theoretical model to investigate whether competitive core enterprises can benefit from cooperating with the knowledge-advantaged ENGO to motivate the supplier’s environmental responsibility. Our results show that cooperation incentivizes core enterprises’ investments in the supplier’s environmental responsibility, which in turn motivates better environmental responsibility of the supplier. However, we illustrate that cooperation is not necessarily the optimal strategy for core enterprises in the duopoly scenario. Specifically, as the knowledge absorption ability increases, a core enterprise may free-ride on another’s investment, shifting its strategic preference from cooperating to not cooperating. In addition, competition may stimulate the core enterprises’ investments and cooperation motivation, thus improving the total environmental effort and supply chain members’ profits. Our findings provide insights into the competitive core enterprises’ strategic choice regarding suppliers’ environmental responsibility management.
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Associated With Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Were Altered by Soil Environments With Aging Plantation in a Semi-arid Desert
Authors: Ren Yue , Guo Mishan , Ding Guodong , Wang Yue
Published: September 2022

Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica (P. sylvestris) is a pioneer afforestation species for wind and sand fixation in northern China. However, most plantations have undergone unprecedented degradation since the early 1990s. Ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi are expected to be substantially related to the degradation of P. sylvestris plantations; however, the direct evidence for this remains unclear. For this purpose, we investigated variation among EcM fungal communities associated with P. sylvestris root samples of three age groups (half-mature, near-mature, and mature) in Mu Us Desert. Our results found a total of 72 EcM fungal operational taxonomic unit (OTU) belonging to Basidiomycota (63) and Ascomycota (9). The EcM fungal community is highly enriched in Rhizopogon, Tuber, Tomentella, and Inocybe, and the variations of their abundance mainly contribute to community differences. The diversity index and fungal species richness showed increasing trends toward the mature forest but did not reach a significant level (p > 0.05). The main factors that affected the dominant EcM fungal community were URE, INV, and SOC, but for the whole EcM fungal community, the effects of soil environments with plantation aging are not significant (p > 0.05). Understanding the effects of environmental factors on the structuring of the EcM fungal communities is critical to sustainable forest management in the future.
Two Typical Patterns of Regional PM2.5 Transport for Heavy Air Pollution Over Central China: Rapid Transit Transport and Stationary Accumulation Transport
Authors: Wang Ying , Bai Yongqing , Zhi Xiefei , Wu Kai , Zhao Tianliang , Zhou Yue , Xiong Jie , Zhu Shoupeng , Zhou Wen , Hu Weiyang , Zhang Ling , Meng Kai
Published: September 2022

The regional transport of air pollutants has been identified as a critical factor that affects air quality over downwind receptor areas; however, the regional transport patterns for air pollution episodes remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified two distinct patterns of regional transport: rapid transit transport (RTT) and stationary accumulation transport (SAT), both of which induced severe PM2.5 pollution episodes in central China during 2015–2020. The differences and similarities between the two regional transport patterns of air pollution were characterized by their influencing meteorological factors. Similar meteorological conditions trigger the RTT and SAT, with a high-PM2.5 concentration air mass from the upstream regions transported to the Twain-Hu Basin (THB) by the strong northerly winds with a southward advance of cold air mass. The average rate of increase in the PM2.5 concentration of the RTT (12.5 μg/m3/h) is more than that of the SAT (5.7 μg/m3/h). However, meteorological conditions evolved differently in RTT and SAT. For RTT with the fast passage of cold air, the THB is located behind the strong cold front during the later stage, and these events rapidly ended owing to the northerly winds and wet scavenging of precipitation. For SAT with the slow cold air accumulation, the THB is mainly occupied by a weak high-pressure system with low wind speeds, strong descending airflow, and a low atmospheric boundary layer height, trapping the air pollutants accumulated in the THB and resulting in persistent heavy pollution incidents. This study provides new insights into the meteorological mechanism underlying the formation of severe air pollution episodes over a receptor region owing to the regional transport patterns of air pollutants.
Assessment on the innovative development of an ancient village from the perspective of holistic governance: A case study of six ancient villages in China
Authors: Xing Qinfeng
Published: September 2022

Innovative development has been a favorite subject of social governance with the aim of helping the modernization and transformation of the governance system and governance capacity for rural revitalization in China. Therefore, an evaluation indicator system is introduced to estimate the innovative development of an ancient village from the perspective of holistic governance. The factor characteristics of 11 indicators are verified statistically via the methods of factor analysis, resistance diagnosis, and structural equation modeling by using data on six ancient villages in Yixian County (China). It finds that 1) the dominant impact factors between factor analysis and resistance diagnosis have the characteristics of identity; and 2) the relative importance of “four-dimensional linkage” is different and feasible. The finding is conducive to understanding the concept of “harmony, cooperation and convergence,” and some strategies are proposed as follows: Highlighting the demand orientation of “good” life; creating a social pattern of “co-construction, co-governance and sharing”; optimizing the organization coordination of “multi-dimensional linkage”; and sticking to the development background of “original taste.”
Exposure to Roundup increases movement speed and decreases body mass in earthworms
Authors: Pochron Sharon T , Mezic Mateo , Byrne Samantha , Sasoun Samy , Casamassima Alex , Kilic Melisa , Nuzzo Amanda , Beaudet Charles-Edouard
Published: September 2022

Glyphosate, the herbicidal ingredient in Roundup products, can persist in soil for months or years, allowing soil invertebrates ample time to encounter and respond to contamination. While Roundup products can negatively impact earthworm (Eisenia fetida) health, they may also provide a direct or indirect food source. In a set of three experiments, we aimed to determine if Roundup Ready-to-Use III provides a nutritional benefit, damages earthworm health, or both. We used cameras and ant-farm-style enclosures to measure how exposure to a commonly used Roundup formulation impacted earthworm foraging speed as measured by the amount of soil displaced per minute. We also assessed whether contamination drove changes in earthworm body mass and stress test survival time. We found that earthworms living in contaminated soil decreased body mass and displaced more soil per minute relative to earthworms living in non-contaminated soil, suggesting that contamination offered no nutritional benefit. Exposure to contamination did not significantly impact earthworm survival time during a stress test, suggesting weak direct toxicity. Exposure to this contaminant drove a decrease in body mass and increase in movement, which outside of the lab might increase the speed of tunnel formation and microbial dispersal, at a cost to the earthworms. The results of these experiments highlight the need to understand the relationship between Roundup formulations, earthworm behavior and health, and the interplay between earthworm behavior and soil health.
Government innovation support for green development efficiency in China: A regional analysis of key factors based on the dynamic GMM model
Authors: Khattak Shoukat Iqbal , Khan Muhammad Kamran , Sun Taipeng , Khan Uzma , Wang Xiaoman , Niu Yating
Published: September 2022

Local government innovation support (LGIS) is an exogenous pulling force for high-quality economic development. Accurately identifying the mechanism by which LGIS affects green development remains practically and theoretically significant for building a long-term framework for driving green development. Based on provincial panel data (2010–2019), this paper uses the Super-SBM model to measure the green development efficiency (GDE) of different provinces in China. A dynamic panel GMM model is constructed to evaluate the significant relationship between LGIS and GDE and to explore the potential impact mechanism of other key factors such as fixed asset investment (FAI), environmental regulation (ER), industrial structure (IS), and foreign direct investment (FDI) on GDE. The estimation showed that LGIS had a positive impact on GDE. The data analysis indicated that GDE in the lag period significantly affected the GDE in the current period. More so, as per the results, the promoting effect of GDE in the second lag period gradually weakened due to the decline of LGIS and ER restrictions. The current model also revealed that FAI and ER inhibited the GDE progress, while IS and FAI had improved the state of GDE in the region. The research findings imply that China should further increase the government innovation expenditure, FDI utilization, and IS upgrade to promote high-quality economic development.
Changing beliefs in the bayou city
Authors: Grove Lauren , Lynn Virginia
Published: September 2022

Vision Zero has been changing traffic safety culture internationally since the 1990s, but in Houston, Texas it did not kick off until the 2010s. Houston presents challenges in scale and development patterns, which make for a slow, deliberate process when furthering a transportation paradigm shift towards zero traffic deaths. Bringing in leaders who champion and own Vision Zero has been key, and a traffic safety culture shift is happening at necessary places inside the City of Houston organization. However, transforming community-wide beliefs in a city like Houston requires meaningful engagement, clear strategies and sustained political will. City of Houston officials, stakeholders and residents are working to meet these challenges. This article will delve into the effort that has been made to change Houston’s transportation culture and the dire need for street safety improvements.
Research progress on the relationship between the TOR signaling pathway regulator, epigenetics, and tumor development
Authors: Sun Jiaen , Yang Minglei , Zhao Weidi , Wang Fajiu , Yang Liangwei , Tan Chuntao , Hu Tianjun , Zhu Huangkai , Zhao Guofang
Published: September 2022

Almost all cellular activities depend on protein folding, signaling complex assembly/disassembly, and epigenetic regulation. One of the most important regulatory mechanisms responsible for controlling these cellular processes is dynamic protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. Alterations in phosphorylation networks have major consequences in the form of disorders, including cancer. Many signaling cascades, including the target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling, are important participants in the cell cycle, and dysregulation in their phosphorylation/dephosphorylation status has been linked to malignancies. As a TOR signaling regulator, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is responsible for most of the phosphatase activities inside the cells. On the other hand, TOR signaling pathway regulator (TIPRL) is an essential PP2A inhibitory protein. Many other physiological roles have also been suggested for TIPRL, such as modulation of TOR pathways, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. It is also reported that TIPRL was increased in various carcinomas, including non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). Considering the function of PP2A as a tumor suppressor and also the effect of the TIPRL/PP2A axis on apoptosis and proliferation of cancer cells, this review aims to provide a complete view of the role of TIPRL in cancer development in addition to describing TIPRL/PP2A axis and its epigenetic regulation.