bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Acute Toxicity Change in the Microwave-enhanced Photolysis Degradation of Tetracycline
Authors: Liao Wenchao , Xu Su , Chen Wenwen , Liao Shuyi
Published: June 2020

Antibiotic wastewater may generate more toxic by-products in the degradation process. It is of great significance to study the toxicity changes of the antibiotic intermediates for ecological safety of water environment. The microwave-enhanced photolysis process was set up and applied to the antibiotic tetracycline degradation. The luminescence inhibition rate of the luminescent bacteria was used as the evaluation index to investigate the acute toxicity changes of tetracycline intermediates. The toxicity changes with the degradation time and the effects of common water quality factors such as NO3
−, Cu2+ and humic acid on the acute toxicity of intermediates were studied. The results showed that nine intermediate products formed in the microwave-enhanced photolysis process. The acute toxicity of intermediates was generally reduced compared with tetracycline itself, but the luminescence inhibition rate of intermediates fluctuated with time. The luminescence inhibition rate of intermediates after 4 min of reaction was the highest, which meant the acute toxicity of intermediate products at 4 min was the largest. The presence of NO3
− (high concentration) and Cu2+ increased the acute toxicity of tetracycline intermediates, but the presence of humic acid could help reduce the acute toxicity of tetracycline degradation intermediates. This study provided theoretical basis and data reference for the practical application and ecological risk assessment of microwave-enhanced photolysis degradation of tetracycline.
Study on the Performance of Ru Catalyst Based on the Treatment of Refractory Biodegrading Organic Wastewater
Authors: Zhang Yongxun , Zhang Yongli
Published: June 2020

Supported metal catalysts are widely used in the field of refractory biodegrading wastewater treatment because of their unique catalytic performance. The non-homogeneous CWAO process is used to treat the refractory biodegrading ceramic printing wastewater. The pH, decolorization rate and COD removal rate of water sample are used as the evaluation indexes of catalyst activity, and the metal dissolution concentration is used as the evaluation indexes of catalyst stability. Then the performance of the catalyst is evaluated comprehensively. As the reaction time goes on, decolorization rates of water samples with different groups of Ru catalyst increase. The decolorization rate of CWAO method for wastewater treatment reaches 80.4%, 78.3% and 76.7% respectively, indicating that the activity and stability of this catalyst are good. The overall trend of pH value of water sample from the first time, the second time and the third time is slightly higher, because generally printing and dyeing wastewater is alkaline, the higher the pH value of water sample indicates the lower the water sample treatment efficiency, that is, the catalyst catalytic efficiency has declined. From the first, second and third use sequence, the COD of water samples are all over 74.0%, and the COD removal rate is gradually reduced. The results show that the Ru-Fe-Co-Ce/FSC (ratio 2:0.5:0.5:3) catalyst has good catalytic activity and stability.
Research on the Stability of Pd-Catalysts Based on the Treatment of Refractory Biodegrading Organic Wastewater
Authors: Zhang Yongli
Published: June 2020

The non-homogeneous CWAO method was used to treat refractory biodegrading organic wastewater. The re-usability of Pd-catalyst was investigated. The pH and decolorization rate of waste-waters were used as evaluation indexes. The results showed that the pH of waste-water did not change obviously in the first, second and third use of catalyst. The absorbance difference between the second and third use of catalyst waste-waters is approximately equal, but they are both larger than that of the first use and smaller than that of blank waste-waters. The decolorization rate of the first use is obviously higher than that of the second and third use, and the second use is higher than that of the third use, but the difference is not great, which shows that the catalyst has good re-usability. Compared with the last application of catalyst, the decolorization rate of waste-water decreased 3.8% and 1.6% respectively in the second and third application. Pd-Fe-Co-Ce/FSC (ratio 1:1:1:3) catalyst has good catalytic stability.
Investigation on Numerical Simulation of supercritical CO2 Power Equipment
Authors: Ji-xiang Liao , Xing-ye Liu
Published: June 2020

The supercritical CO2 (S-CO2) Brayton cycle has recently been gaining a lot of attention for application to solar energy. This paper introduces the MATLAB simulation experiment of supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system, and analyses relevant important operation parameters for supercritical CO2 effect of power system performance. The mathematical model of supercritical CO2 power equipment system is established on modular non-linear method using Matlab and its software package Simulink. Using this dynamic simulation model, the loading and unloading process characteristics of supercritical CO2 power device were analyzed. The results show that: the rotor speed, turbine exhaust, motor power and mechanical power loss is slowly strengthened with the increase of heating output, then increased to the maximum at the same time immediately. Thereafter, the rotor speed, turbine exhaust, motor power and mechanical loss power is slowly decreased and remain stability. The dynamic matching characteristics of compressor, turbine and other equipment in the system are good, and the operation is stable.
Effect of Precious Metals on the Activity of Multi-Component Supported Catalysts
Authors: Liu Qiang
Published: June 2020

Organic waste-water is treated by catalytic wet oxidation method (CWAO). The catalysts are prepared by the same amount of impregnation method. Fe and Co are used as active components of the catalyst, and Ce is used as the catalytic assistant, and the precious metal Pd is added to prepare a multi-component composite catalysts. When the Pd-based catalyst is added to the waste-water, the pH decreases and then increases. The process of organic matter degradation is first converted to small molecule organic acids, the pH is reduced, and then the small molecule organic acids are gradually decomposed. In the proportion of Pd-catalyst, as the Pd content in the catalyst increases, the treatment effect of the waste-water is enhanced; Effect of different ratios on the stability of Pd-Fe-Co-Ce/FSC catalysts showed that, CODCr removal rate increased from 65.7% to 84.7%, and decolorization rate increased from 72.5% to 97.2%. The average concentration of Pd3+, Fe3+, Co2+ and Ce3+ dissolved is 0.0015, 2.2519, 0.2281 and 0.2300, respectively. The Pd-catalyst Pd-Fe-Co-Ce/FSC with metal ion ratio Pd-Fe-Co-Ce=1:1:1:3 has the highest activity in waste-water treatment, and CODCr removal rates and decolorization rates reach 88.7% and 97.9%, respectively.
Application of Ultra-Clean Electrostatic-Fabric Integrated Precipitator on 1000MWe Units
Authors: Chen K X , Huang Y J , Lou T , Zhu Z P , Lin H , Liu C Q , Dong L
Published: June 2020

The ultra-clean Electrostatic-Fabric Integrated Precipitator (EFIP) is a new technology through updating the conventional EFIP with technical innovation. The dust concentration in the outlet of EFIP can realize ≤10mg/m3 and the pressure drop can be less than 800Pa by using this new technology. In order to illustrate the reliability of the application of ultra-clean EFIP on 1000MWe units, this study analyzed the dust concentrations in the outlet of precipitators, dust concentrations at stacks, fluctuations of dust concentration and pressure drop of four ultra-clean EFIPs on 1000MWe Power Plants in Pingdingshan, Henan, China and Shazhou, Zhejiang, China. The results showed that the outlet concentrations of the EFIPs were less than 10mg/Nm3 with small fluctuation, the outlet concentrations of the stacks were less than 5mg/Nm3 with small fluctuation, the pressure drop during running was less than 800Pa. The results proved the reliability of the ultra-clean EFIP for the 1000MWe units, and provided a new route for the 1000MWe units to achieve the ultra-low emission.
Greening Vernacular Building Projects in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Danja II , Xinping Wang , Dalibi SG , Alkali Mukhtar , Inuwa L U , Safarov Anvar
Published: June 2020

The concept of green building has extended its boundaries over the past decades as it now involves several other disciplines. Greening takes advantage of available human and natural resources, including solar access, wind patterns, accessible, and affordable construction materials. The introduction of some specific green ideas and features into vernacular buildings in northern Nigeria will not only improve the living condition of the building occupants but can also sustain, and preserve the traditional practices while also introducing new innovative design ideas into vernacular architectural traditions, thereby, saving the vernacular architecture of such regions. Geographical factors such as solar radiation and the problem of the Tropical Continental Air mass (CT) locally known as the harmattan wind, which significantly affects the daily usage of the residents. This study recommends the use of some selected green building concepts into the vernacular architectural practices in northern Nigeria with the view of identifying the impact of the proposed features on the performance of vernacular buildings in Northern Nigeria. Proposed concepts were integrated into a prototype of the existing buildings. Reviewed literature is used to determine the adaptable features, and An energy simulation using Autodesk Insight, an add-in of Revit software, and Autodesk flow simulation software are used to assess their effects on such buildings. The result shows that the adopted ideas will significantly improve the indoor environment quality and the entire livelihood of the building occupants.
Effect of Calcination Time on Catalyst’s Activity and Stability
Authors: Zhang Yongxun
Published: June 2020

Based on the catalyst Pd-Fe-Co-Ce/FSC(ratio 1:1:1:3), a catalytic wet oxidation method was used to treat organic waste-water that is difficult to biodegrade. The calcination temperature of the catalyst was set to 550 °C, and the calcination time was set to 1 h, 3 h, 5 h, 7 h in order. From the analysis, it is found that the effluent pH first decreases and then increases. With the extension of the reaction time, the absorbance of the treated waste-water decreases, and the decolorization rate increases. With the extension of the reaction time, the COD of the treated water sample decreased and the COD removal rate increased. For catalysts No.1, No.2, No.3 and No.4, the COD of wastewater was 10851, 768, 1149 and 1238 mg/L at 120 min of catalytic wet oxidation of wastewater, and the corresponding COD removal rates was 84.1%, 88.7%, 83.1% and 81.8%, respectively. The experimental results showed that the catalyst prepared by calcining for 3 h had a COD removal rate and a decolorization rate of 88.7% and 97.9%, respectively, and the metal dissolution solubility of the treated water was relatively low. 3 h is a suitable catalyst’s calcination time.
Talking about the Building Energy-saving Design Ideas and Applications in Green Buildings
Authors: Wang Yanchao , Wang Bohan
Published: June 2020

In many countries or regions today, the rapid social and economic development is often based on the large consumption of various types of resources and energy. In the end, the ecological environment within the region will therefore be damaged and polluted to varying degrees. With the continuous improvement and enhancement of environmental protection awareness in different industries in various countries around the world, in order to keep up with the development process and get rid of the current objective situation of excessive energy consumption, it is necessary to achieve reduction by creating green buildings and actively implementing energy-saving design Purpose of energy level. Based on the analysis of the basic concepts and design principles of green buildings and energy-saving design, this paper puts forward the key points of green building energy-saving design and analyzes and interprets the actual cases in order to look forward to the further development of green buildings.
“ZERO TO HERO” Landscape Utilization of Volcanic Landscapes During and After Eruption
Authors: Prabandari F , Handoyo F
Published: June 2020

The research aimed to explore the ecotourism potential of volcano landscape during the eruption, documentate the area manager activities during the eruption and post-eruption, formulated ecotourism activities during the eruption and post-eruption. The results showed that the ecotourism potential of erupted volcanic landscapes included haze eruption feature and attraction, the feature of land surface change, the feature of plants exposed eruption materia, which monochrome (grey) and unique objects, millennials favourite and instagramable. There are tourists who come specifically to see the eruption, although there is no special tour package. The national park management activities during eruption consist of the publication of disaster status, area security, visitor management, coordination with stakeholders. Post-eruption management activities consist of a decline in disaster status, area improvement, visitor management, evaluation monitoring, and coordination. National Park Manager do not need to carry out a total closure policy for visitor who want to enjoy the Mount Bromo panorama. EDU-VOLCANO TOURISM is a ecotourism theme that is precisely developed in Mount Bromo area during eruption, with the main activities of selfie/wefie, photo hunting, interpretation of Mount Bromo eruption. Trained interpreters are required for the services of eruption interpretation. Local people as a tourism services actors, should be able to capture these opportunities in a prudent and thoughtful manner. There is currently no regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry which regulates the management of disaster in conservation area which becomes the center of tourist visit. The results of this research can be the material recommendation formulation of ministerial regulation referred.
Settlement Landscape Planning based on Flood Mitigation in Pinang Sub-district Tangerang City
Authors: Pande K A P , Makalew A D N
Published: June 2020

The Pinang sub-district is one of the sub-districts in Tangerang City. Along with the access road development, the residential areas in The Pinang Sub-district has also increased. But behind the development activities of residential areas in Pinang sub-district, there is a flood disaster in the residential landscape as a landscape hazard. Flood disaster in Pinang sub-district, is a disaster that occurs almost every year, especially during the rainy season. Pinang sub-district itself belongs to the Angke River Basin. According to the BNPB 2016, the potential for flood disasters in Pinang District also played a role in the magnitude of the impact of flooding in Banten Province, such as social impacts of 10,476,016 people and economic impacts of 3,611,576 million rupiahs. Settlement landscape planning based on flood disaster mitigation needs to be done to prevent loss and loss of life in Pinang District. The purpose of this study is to identify the physical, biophysical, and social aspects of settlements in Pinang sub-district, analyze the risk of flood disasters and the land suitability of the residential landscape in Pinang sub-district, and develop a landscape plan of settlement based on flood mitigation in Pinang Sub-district. This research conducted at eleven villages in Pinang sub-district, from January to May 2019. The methods used in this research are preparation, inventory, analysis, synthesis, and landscape planning. The analysis conducted the legality analysis, flood disaster risk analysis, and land suitability analysis for settlement development. The analysis results then become a reference in landscape plan preparation. The landscape plan is prepared based on spatial, activity, evacuation, facility plan, circulation plan, and vegetation plan. The basic concept in this research is the settlement landscape of Pinang sub-district based on flood disaster mitigation to reduce the impact that can occur due to disasters by considering pre-disaster, disaster, and post-flood conditions.
Study on the Green Open Space in the Context of Disaster Prevention in Kampung Urug
Authors: Sato Y , Sulistyantara B , Nasrullah N , Furuya K
Published: June 2020

While Indonesia is facing many natural disasters, for example earthquake, flood and heavy rain, the people living in traditional villages (locally called Kampung), have kept a sustainable life for a long time. This study focuses on Kampung Urug which is located in Sukajaya District, Bogor, West Java. The traditional community has some unique characteristics such as green open spaces, architectural buildings, ritual and customs, events based on local wisdom. However those in some traditional villages and nearby areas are on the verge of being lost due to rapid expansion and development. The name of Kampung Urug is related to the geographical conditions which is located on a hillside, with high rainfall. Because of the potential for landslides, this village is called Urug, which means landslides in Sundanese. There are some studies from the viewpoints of architecture or history about Kampung Urug, but there are few studies investigating from disaster. The purpose of this study is to find stakeholder perceptions of the green open space in the context of disaster, to analyze a spatial approach to minimize the disaster impact, and to find traditional social approaches and physical or technical approaches of local wisdom. Based on field surveys, agriculture is generally conducted in green open spaces, and land use is flexibly adapted to landslides and erosion. One reason for this is that many farmers are willing to maintain the farmland as much as possible. There is no change in the region where agriculture has been thriving since ancient times. It is necessary to create evacuation maps based on traditional land use and past disaster histories.
Focal Nodes Identification Using Habitat Availability Concept for Simulation of Ecological Connectivity Network of Quezon City, Philippines
Authors: Alvarez A M J
Published: June 2020

Anthropocentric orientation of urban development processes leads to deficiency of areas with significant environmental values in the urban landscapes. As landscape planners try to increase the quality of living in the urban environment, efforts are focused only on the hot spots which often cater only to the recreational needs of urban dwellers. In Quezon City, the local government unit plans to create the Green Lung Network featuring a chain of developments linking La Mesa Nature Reserve, the largest green space in Metro Manila, to all the open spaces and parks in the city. However, the chosen areas to be connected are based only on area size of green spaces and opportunities for economic development. To support and enhance the connectivity plan of the city government, this study aims to identify the focal nodes which represent the key habitat patches of interest on the landscape between which flows are modelled in circuit analysis for simulating an ecological connectivity network. Parameters are based on empirical habitat-use data on the preference of biological indicators/focal species. For computational feasibility, instead of treating every occurrence of suitable habitat on the landscape as a focal node, this study applies the Habitat Availability (reachability) concept using the GIS tool Conefor Sensinode. This allows ranking habitat patches (patches prioritization) by their contribution to landscape connectivity, which provides objective criteria for the selection of the most critical habitat areas for conservation planning purposes. Not only the spatial arrangement of the habitat is considered (structural connectivity), but also the dispersal distances and the behavioural response of species to the physical structure of the landscape (functional connectivity) is taken into account in the analysis. The results revealed that focal nodes of Quezon City include not only the ecological cores but also other tiny patches of green spaces. Moreover, a more surprising result is that some highly vegetated nodes did not qualify as priority nodes for conservation.
Perception and Participation of Community in Supporting Keraton Kesultanan Banten The Heritage City Program in Serang, Banten
Authors: Izzati M J , Nurhayati
Published: June 2020

Keraton Kesultanan Banten area was once the center of Banten civilization. In addition, Serang City is one of the 15 cities listed that is in the process of preparing documents to participate in the heritage management and preservation program. This requires the community participation in supporting the sustainability of Keraton Kesultanan Banten area as a historical site of Banten Province. The purpose of this research are to obtain information on community perception and participation in the heritage city program to support the preservation of the historical landscape of Keraton Kesultanan Banten. This research uses descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis methods with chi-square analysis test. The results of the chi-square analysis that has a relation between the characteristics of community respondents to the knowledge of the heritage city are gender and residence factors, while the factors of the relation between the characteristics of community respondents with community participations were the length of residence, gender, type of work, education, residence and age. Recommendations proposed to increase public knowledge about heritage city are socialization, publication, application creation and integration of the education curriculum. The efforts that are able to increase community participation in supporting the preservation of heritage cities are empowering religious tourism guides, empowering tourism stakeholders, providing homestays, providing traditional transportation, improving handicrafts and culinary specialties.
Recreation Resource Impacts of Pantai Kerachut Trail in Penang National Park
Authors: Bookhari S N , Abdullah S A , Hussein M K
Published: June 2020

Recreation resources often referred to as the combination of natural resources essential to carry on a variety of recreational activities for humankind. Being one of the most-visited destinations among visitors who are seeking outdoor experience, Penang National Park (PNP) faces a substantial impact on its recreation resources. Among the common issue arises are the impacts on the quality of the routing system, particularly on sites like Pantai Kerachut Trail. The impacts cause undesirable change and degrade the components of recreation resources such as soil, vegetation, wildlife and water resources of the natural area. This issue threatens its integrity to maintain the benefits of recreation function and raises conflict between the visitors and the management of this area to reach its sustainability. Thus, an assessment has been conducted to evaluate the current status of recreation resource impacts in Pantai Kerachut Trail. A total of 75 sampling points were collected along Pantai Kerachut Trail. The methods of Rapid Survey Technique, Census Sampling Technique, and Cross-sectional measurement were used to determine the major factors influencing the impact. This investigation also identifies the relationship between impact and inventory parameters caused by recreational activities on the trail. Findings reveal that the current status of soil (soil erosion and soil drainage); and vegetation (root exposure, loss of vegetation, decrease in the percentage of canopy cover and vegetation density) along Pantai Kerachut Trail are at the moderate level of impact. Meanwhile, water and wildlife are confirmed at a minimal level of impact. The outcomes as such could be advantageous for the management to ensure the sustainability of the trail system in accommodating visitation while enhancing protection towards recreation resources along Pantai Kerachut Trail.
Mapping the Dynamics of Dead Trees Collection to Support Sustainable Landscape Management at Bogor Botanic Gardens
Authors: Setyanti D , Nurhayati  , Pribadi D O
Published: June 2020

The main activity of botanic gardens is the recording of plants collection data in the accessible database form which also includies the dead record of trees collection. The dynamic data of dead tree collection not only important as a monitoring tool of the number of garden specimens, but also as a base of the decision-making process in entire botanic gardens’ landscape management especially in facing an increased worldwide threat to the plants’ diversity and its habitat. Bogor Botanic Gardens (BBG) has been developing over 202 years since the institution establishment in 1817. The research about dead trees collection at BBG was conducted using a quantitative descriptive method by identifying dead trees specimen’s data based on the number, family and location during the last 20 years. From the field of specimen’s location in the database, data was analyzed spatially to produce a map of dead tress distribution based on planting blocks (vak). A deeper interpretation of the distribution map might be a valuable source for the management recomendation for the collection’s maintenance practice of sustainable management’s support in the future.
Pressures on the Balinese world cultural landscape heritage: The case of Jatiluwih Subak Village
Authors: Rahmi D H , Setiawan B
Published: June 2020

Since is declared by UNESCO as the World Cultural Landscape Heritage in 2012, Jatiluwih and some rice terraces and their water temples increasingly got the attention of the world community. Jatiluwih Village area with its outstanding rice paddy terrace and the subak system becomes a magnet for tourists in Bali to visit it, especially foreign tourists. This paper is concerned with the pressures faced by the village of Jatiluwih as it develops as a cultural tourism attraction. It aims to examine activities especially which relate to tourism that may support or give negative impacts to the sustainability of the village. It also examines the management system of the area and questions whether that system is able to maintain its outstanding value and integrity. Descriptive and qualitative approaches are used based on field observation, FGD and deep interviews. This paper notes that the development of tourism activity has become the pressures for the rice terrace. Although physically the landscape of Jatiluwih still shows its character as a traditional village with outstanding rice terraces, some changes have happened, and threats toward its sustainability is clearly seen caused by the weakness in the management system. This becomes the challenges of Jatiluwih to maintain its predicate as part of the world cultural landscape heritage.
Perception and Preference of Noise Impacts on Housing Residents in IPB I Housing Baranangsiang, Bogor City
Authors: Widasari D , Fatimah IS , Nasrullah N
Published: June 2020

Noise is an unwanted sound and one of the problems that can’t be avoided due to an increase in the amount of transportation, which at a certain level can have an impact on the surrounding environment. This paper aims of analyze the perceptions and preferences of residents about the residential environment where they live, as well as analyze the relationship between noise intensity and the impact of the noise they feel. This was a survey research and using 30 respondent samples. The data collection method used a likert scale and the processed with bivariate analysis, using rank Spearman and Pearson correlation test. Noise measurement obtained noise intensity is about 52.95 dB to 72.47 dB. From the result, respondents who experienced physiological disorders such as headache 3.3%. Psychological disorders such as impaired concentration 53.3%, uncomfortable 73.3%, irritability 23.3%, and violated when sleeping 60%. Communication disorders such as talking loudly 40%, difficult to understand the voice 6.7%, and difficult to interpret the delivery of interlocutors 3.3%. The statistical test used to determine the relationship of noise level with physiological disorders using rank Spearman correlation obtained p value 0.43 at 5% confidence level, psychological disorders using Pearson correlation obtained p value 0.000 at 1% confidence level, and communication disorders using rank Spearman correlation obtained p value 0.02 at 1% confidence level. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between noise intensity with physiological, psychological, and communication disorders. Population preferences considered it very important to add plants to various trees and to arrange plants with a wide spread pattern on the home yard, also it is important to use the perforated type of wall barrier.
Ecotourism Landscape Planning in Nature Tourism Park of Buyan – Tamblingan Lakes Tabanan and Buleleng Regency Bali Province
Authors: Indriyani N M P , Makalew A D N
Published: June 2020

Nature Tourism Park of Buyan – Tamblingan Lakes is an area located in Tabanan and Buleleng Regencies, Bali Province. This area has various tourism potentials such as beautiful twin lake panoramas and pristine forest. Ecotourism is one form of sustainable tourism that pays attention to aspects of conservation, natural interpretation, and education. The purpose of this study is to plan an ecotourism landscape in the Nature Tourism Park of Buyan – Tamblingan Lakes. The benefit of this research is that the community knows the potential of the area and as a consideration for the government in local spatial planning. The analytical method used in this study is spatial analysis to determine land suitability for ecotourism and descriptive analysis to determine the perceptions of visitors regarding Nature Tourism Park of Buyan – Tamblingan Lakes. The results of this study are ecotourism landscape plans in the Nature Tourism Park of Buyan – Tamblingan Lakes which include spatial plans, circulation plans, vegetation plans, activity and facility plans, tour itineraries, carrying capacity plans, and landscape plans. The spatial plan consists of a entrance and service area covering 3.7 ha (0.20%), main tourism space covering 676.5 ha (37.62%), supporting tourism space covering 1.67 ha (0.09%), buffer space covering 549.1 ha (30.53%), and conservation space covering 568.4 ha (31.60%). The circulation plan consists of a primary circulation of 10 298 m, a secondary circulation of 1 614 m, and a tertiary circulation of 13 752 m. Tourism activities developed on the site are activities that are recreational and educational and there are natural conservation values. The concept of vegetation is divided into conservation vegetation, aesthetic vegetation, steering vegetation, and condescendent vegetation. The tour itinerary was developed into three tour packages based on the time of tourist visit. Carrying capacity plans are made to limit the number of tourists to minimize damage to ecotourism areas, maintain the ecological value of the area, and avoid the accumulation of visitors.
Reservoir Management Analysis of Water Quality and Pollution Load in Jakarta
Authors: Pradini K B , Kaswanto R L
Published: June 2020

Jakarta as the Capital City of Indonesia has a high level of population growth. Hence, urban infrastructure movements have developed automatically. This implies some open spaces such as reservoirs are poorly managed. Reservoirs as one of blue open spaces (BOS) can function as a water catchment area to mitigate flooding during the rainy season, and drought during the dry season. Combating the reservoirs, the DKI Jakarta Government has taken action by revitalizing several untreated reservoirs. Therefore it is necessary to assess the water quality and pollution load on the reservoir. One of the supporting factors to maintain water quality and pollution load of the reservoir is to develop a robust reservoir management plan to revitalize their sustainable function. The reservoir management plan is based on the assessment of water quality and pollution load on three reservoirs in Jakarta. The formulation of reservoir management plan starts with evaluating the reservoir water quality using the Storet Method. The results of reservoir water quality based on physical parameters are in the range of class A (very good category) and B (Good Category), while based on chemical and biological parameters are in the range of class C (quite good category) and D (bad category). The results obtained from all parameters of reservoir water quality evaluation are in class D (bad category) for the three reservoirs. Further analysis was identifying the level of pollution by using the pollution index method. The result shows those three reservoirs are on heavily polluted level. Based on SWOT analysis for water quality and pollution load of the reservoir, the total score for both internal and external factors are 2.39 and 2.47, so it shows V quadrant that indicates hold and maintain strategy position and produce 8 alternatives as the result.
The Real and Actual Tourism Accessibility in Protected Areas
Authors: Rahmafitria F , Sukmayadi V , Purboyo H
Published: June 2020

Mass tourism in conservation areas creates a problem because of tourists’ environmental negligence. Accessibility factor is known as one of the essential factors that cause mass tourism. The accessibility factor emerges due to a difference between the perceived accessibility (actual accessibility) by tourists and the accessibility of the actual conservation area (real accessibility). Conservation areas that have limited accessibility are perceived to have open and free accessibility similar to other general tourism areas accessibility. This paper was written to explain the concept of tourism accessibility to conservation areas as one of the causes of the entry of mass tourists whose behaviours are not in accordance with conservation goals. The complexity of accessibility is explained through influential components as well as stimulus variables that cause bias on the perception of accessibility. The literature review approach was carried out by analysing 11 related articles. Accessibility of tourist areas is divided into real accessibility which describes the real conditions of geographical elements, tourists, and tourist destinations; and perceived/actual accessibility, namely accessibility perceived by tourists and influenced by stimulus factors. Both types of accessibility consist of geographical, individual/personal, and destination components. The elaboration of accessibility elements and interaction models between accessibility components will contribute to the accessibility theory of geographical and psycho-social approaches.
Study of Thermal Comfort under The Shade of Varied Tree Canopy Form and Distance from The Stem
Authors: Fadhlurrahman M M , Nasrullah N
Published: June 2020

Comfort environment is one of important goal in urban landscape development. Tree as main element of green open space has a function to reduce urban heat island problems by providing a shade. Trees with its various canopy form might have different effects based on how the canopy block and absorb the sunlight heat. This research aimed to find out the effects of shade from various canopy form in different distances form the trees. There were seven trees species chosen which representing different canopy form, namely Acacia mangium Willd., Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) I.C. Nielsen, Ficus benjamina L., Bucida molineti (M.Gómez) Alwan & Stace, Palaquium amboinensis Burck, Agathis dammara (Lamb.) Rich., and Thuja orientalis L. The measurement of air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed were done below the shade in the distance up to three times of the canopy radius at the east and west side of the tree with once in an hour duration from morning until evening (09.00 a.m. – 02.00 p.m.). Supportive data like tree position, height, stem diameter, and leaf density were observed to know the existing condition. Thermal comfort was indicated by using Temperature Humidity Index (THI). The results showed that there were correlation between tree canopy density represented by Leaf Area Index (LAI) and distance from tree with temperature and humidity. Trees with dense canopy has lower temperature and higher humidity by equation y = -2.0337x + 37.19 for temperature and y = 8.1354x + 48.247 for humidity. Meanwhile, the further the distance from the tree, the higher the temperature and the lower the humidity. All trees was categorized uncomfortable by THI method, but Bucida molineti with opened-columnar canopy form has the lowest THI value.
Evaluation of Step Feeding Strategy in One-Stage Simultaneous Partial Nitritation, Anammox and Denitrification (SPNAD) Process
Authors: Direstiyani L C , Kim J , Kwon T , Jeong S , Kim Y , Yu J , Lee T
Published: June 2020

Fast start-up of simultaneous partial nitritation, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) and denitrification (SPNAD) process was achieved within a month by applying step feeding strategy without carbon source addition in the acclimation period. The decreasing cycle number of step feeding strategy successfully improved the SPNAD process performance and enhanced nitrogen and organic removal performance for treating sidestream wastewater. The 3-cycle step feeding strategy obtained higher average values of nitrogen loading rate (NLR), nitrogen removal rate (NRR), ammonium removal rate (ARR) and COD removal rate (CRR) of 0.50, 0.31, 0.45, and 0.18 kg/m3/day, respectively, than 10-cycle and 5-cycle step feeding strategy. The step feeding strategy also contributes in maintaining DO, pH and ORP sensors performance stability even after being operated in long-term duration.
The treatment of Raw Water Sources of Drinking Water using Chitosan/Mg/Al–LDH Composites: Problem cases in Municipal Waterworks in Banjarmasin
Authors: Irawan C , Ramadhan M W , Nata I F , Putra M D
Published: June 2020

A study was done on treatment of raw water sources for drinking water using chitosan/Mg-Al LDH (CS/Mg/Al–LDH) composites by adsorption process. An analysis on the adsorbent characterizations of FTIR, SEM and XRF showed that the CS/Mg/Al–LDH had many different functional groups and a high specific surface area for adsorption processes. The CS/Mg/Al–LDH showed high adsorption uptake capacity and selectivity for iron (Fe), turbidity, and colour in the raw water sources for drinking water in Municipal Waterworks in Banjarmasin. Therefore, the CS/Mg/Al–LDH composites have the potential to be used as an adsorbent in water and wastewater treatment.
Formulation of Attributes for Decision Support System for Drinking Water Infrastructure Developments Priority
Authors: Putra K A , Lasminto U
Published: June 2020

Infrastructure development carried out by the Central Government should be aimed at the public interest. In the field study at the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR), it was found that the process for determining drinking water infrastructure development priority had not considered the social aspects and the people’s needs. The Central Government simply classified the district and the city priorities for the infrastructure development by the mandatory document that they prepared. Unnoticed by them, this method of classifying had not yet considered the people’s needs. To respond to that issue, research needs to be done regarding the criteria that can be used for classifying and/or prioritizing the development of drinking water infrastructure in a district/city to be more pro-people. The stages of the research are as follows: direct interview and field study at the Directorate General of Human Settlements (DGHS) of the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR). The field study process produced criteria and methods for making priority scale on the drinking water infrastructure development that have been currently used by the Central Government. While the direct interview produced additional criteria form the experts in the drinking water and infrastructure development programming field within the DGHS. Based on the results of the interviews and the field studies, a literature study and research were conducted to produce pro-people criteria and their measurement methods for the determination of the drinking water infrastructure development priority level. This research produced three major criteria with twenty sub-criteria following them. The three criteria are Central Government Priority Programs, Local Government Technical and Financial Conditions, and Socio-economic Conditions of the Peoples. With these new criteria, people’s conditions are taken into consideration for determining the drinking water infrastructure developments priority level in a district/city level, without ignoring the Central Government programs and the Local Government conditions.
The Effort to Increase Waste Reduction Through the Development of Waste Banks in South Surabaya
Authors: Kesauliya O M C , Warmadewanthi I D A A
Published: June 2020

Waste bank is one of the government’s efforts in reducing inorganic waste going to landfills by involving the role of the community in sorting out waste. In 2016, Surabaya had 240 waste bank units. The effort to reduce waste through waste banks in Surabaya was still relatively small at 0.55 tonnes/day. Waste reduction through waste bank needed to be improved so as to reduce the load of garbage accumulation in the landfill site. Currently, South Surabaya has 60 waste banks, though only very few of those waste bank units are still operating. This research was conducted to determine the potential for waste reduction that could be done through the development of waste banks in South Surabaya. The STELLA 9.1.3 dynamic program was used to predict the potential waste reduction through the development of waste banks in the next 10 years.
Aluminum and Organic Contaminant Removal from Drinking Water Treatment Sludge
Authors: Barakwan R A , Syavira A R , Trihadiningrum Y
Published: June 2020

Coagulation process using aluminum sulfate (Al2SO4) or alum as coagulant at a drinking water treatment plant generates a large volume of alum sludge. The alum sludge contains high concentrations of aluminum and organic matter, which are harmful to the environment. Organic contaminants can decrease the conductivity and mobility of ions in electrolyte, so it can reduce the effectiveness of electrolysis to remove the aluminum. Aims of this study are: (1) to determine the aluminum and COD removal in electrolysis process using carbon-silver electrodes and (2) to measure the efficiency of COD removal by H2O2 oxidation and UV light exposure. The sludge was acidified to pH 3 and 4 and centrifuged prior to electrolysis. The electrical current was 300 mA, based on polarization test using carbon silver as anode and cathode electrodes. Electrolysis was carried out in a batch recirculation one-compartment reactor for 10 hours. Deposited matter of alum at cathode was weighed and analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma. The electrolysis pretreatment was meant to remove high organic contaminants in electrolyte. The pretreatment was carried out by oxidation with addition of H2O2 with a ratio of [H2O2]/[COD] = 1/2 and 254 nm UV light exposure for 4 hours. This study resulted in low aluminium deposit of 3.19 mg at the cathode with COD removal of 11.11% at initial pH 3 using electrolysis. The highest COD removal efficiency by oxidation with addition of H2O2 and UV light exposure was 75%. It can be concluded that H2O2 oxidation and UV light exposure could be applied prior to electrolysis for optimizing aluminum removal.
Toxicity Effects of Organic Substances on Nitrification Efficiency
Authors: Rochmah W N , Mangkoedihardjo S
Published: June 2020

Ammonia content in wastewater causes eutrophication in water bodies due to the biological ammonium oxidation process that is by the nitrification process. In this study, the aim was to determine the concentration and maximum efficiency of biodegradation of ammonium in the nitrification process using the help of Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter bacteria with carbon sources of autotrophs and heterotrophs. The results of this study indicate that the highest value of nitrification efficiency was achieved by heterotrophic carbon sources with the addition of a catalyst namely H1 with a concentration of 60 mg/L at 30.49%, followed by H1 with a concentration of 80 mg/L at 27.32% and the third largest was 26.12% with the addition of H3 at a concentration of 20 mg/L. However, it should be kept in mind that heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria have a much lower activity level than autotrophic bacteria. This shows that the source of heterotrophs without catalysts had the least efficiency at 0.85% with H3 concentrations of 80 mg/L compared to carbon sources of autotrophs with the smallest efficiency of 3.32% in H2 concentration of 20 mg/L.
Effects of Organic Substance on Denitrification Efficiency
Authors: Kholida S N , Mangkoedihardjo S
Published: June 2020

Toxicity can refer to the impact on all organisms, such as animals, bacteria, or plants. Other effects can occur in the substructure of an organism, such as cells or organs. This shows that toxicity can cause problems for the environment. In this study artificial sample, denitrifier and several reagents were used to analyze the main parameters, namely Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH, Nitrate (NO3-N). The variables used were variations in nitrate concentration, process variation, and administration of selenium as a catalyst. Variations in nitrate concentration used were 20 mg/L, 40 mg/L, 40 mg/L, 60 mg/L, 80 mg/L, and 100 mg/L. The process variations used were the autotroph and heterotroph processes. The reactor used was a batch system denitrification reactor. The microorganism used was Thiobacillus denitrificans. Research data were taken every day for Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH, Nitrate (NO3-N). This study aims to determine the efficiency of the denitrification process by autotrophs and heterotrophs using both catalysts and without catalysts. Of the two types of processes, autotrophic denitrification was efficient for processing with low nitrate concentrations. The highest efficiency value reached was 89%. Denitrification of heterotrophs was better able to process nitrates with high concentrations. The value of efficiency using this process reached 92%.
Effect of Rotation Speed on Phosphate and Nitrate Removal from Domestic Wastewater in The Oxidation Ditch
Authors: Hidayah E N , Farahdiba A U , Zara D W , Rosariawari F
Published: June 2020

Oxidation Ditch (OD) has been widely used for domestic wastewater treatment technology, especially in Indonesia. In its operation, an OD uses a rotor to increase oxygen concentration. This rotational speed of the rotor will be valuable in OD performance for decreasing contaminants, especially nutrients. Remaining high concentration of nutrients at the end of the processing unit might generate environmental issues. This study analyses the effect of rotational speed on pilot scale OD. Rotation speed conducted were 45 rpm and 60 rpm. The study was conducted for five days by measuring nitrate, phosphate, dissolved oxygen, temperature and pH. The difference between 45 and 60 rpm on nitrate reduction was not significant. The decrease in total P at 45 and 60 rpm tended to increase steadily until the fourth day but experienced a slight decrease on day 5. The complexity of N and P processes in OD pilot scale units were much noticable. Efficient removal of nitrate concentrations was influenced by the lack of anoxic conditions to enable the denitrification process. Supplementary wastewater treatment unit was needed to reduce nutrient levels.