bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 1‐D morphodynamic model of postglacial valley incision
Authors: Tunnicliffe Jon F. , Church Michael
Published: October 2015

Chilliwack River is typical of many Cordilleran valley river systems that have undergone dramatic Holocene degradation of valley fills that built up over the course of Pleistocene glaciation. Downstream controls on base level, mainly blockage of valleys by glaciers, led to aggradation of significant glaciofluvial and glaciolacustrine valley fills and fan deposits, subsequently incised by fluvial action. Models of such large‐scale, long‐term degradation present a number of important challenges since the evolution of model parameters, such as the rate of bedload transport and grain size characteristics, are governed by the nature of the deposit. Sediment sampling in the Chilliwack Valley reveals a complex sequence of very coarse to fine textural modes. We present a 1‐D numerical morphodynamic model for the river‐floodplain system tailored to conditions in the valley. The model is adapted to dynamically adjust channel width to optimize sediment transporting capacity and to integrate relict valley fill material as the channel incises through valley deposits. Sensitivity to model parameters is studied using four principal criteria: profile concavity, rate of downstream grain size fining, bed surface sand content, and the timescale to equilibrium. Model results indicate that rates of abrasion and coarsening of the grain size distributions exert the strongest controls on all of the interrelated model performance criteria. While there are a number of difficulties in satisfying all model criteria simultaneously, results indicate that 1‐D models of valley bottom sedimentary systems can provide a suitable framework for integrating results from sediment budget studies and chronologies of sediment evacuation established from dating.
A previously unreported type of seismic source in the firn layer of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet
Authors: Lough Amanda C. , Barcheck C. Grace , Wiens Douglas A. , Nyblade Andrew , Anandakrishnan Sridhar
Published: October 2015

We identify a unique type of seismic source in the uppermost part of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet recorded by temporary broadband seismic arrays in East Antarctica. These sources, termed “firnquakes,” are characterized by dispersed surface wave trains with frequencies of 1–10 Hz detectable at distances up to 1000 km. Events show strong dispersed Rayleigh wave trains and an absence of observable body wave arrivals; most events also show weaker Love waves. Initial events were discovered by standard detection schemes; additional events were then detected with a correlation scanner using the initial arrivals as templates. We locate sources by determining the L2 misfit for a grid of potential source locations using Rayleigh wave arrival times and polarization directions. We then perform a multiple‐filter analysis to calculate the Rayleigh wave group velocity dispersion and invert the group velocity for shear velocity structure. The resulting velocity structure is used as an input model to calculate synthetic seismograms. Inverting the dispersion curves yields ice velocity structures consistent with a low‐velocity firn layer ~100 m thick and show that velocity structure is laterally variable. The absence of observable body wave phases and the relative amplitudes of Rayleigh waves and noise constrain the source depth to be less than 20 m. The presence of Love waves for most events suggests the source is not isotropic. We propose the events are linked to the formation of small crevasses in the firn, and several events correlate with shallow crevasse fields mapped in satellite imagery.
Growth differentiation factor 15 as a useful biomarker for mitochondrial disorders
Authors: Yatsuga Shuichi , Fujita Yasunori , Ishii Akiko , Fukumoto Yoshihiro , Arahata Hajime , Kakuma Tatsuyuki , Kojima Toshio , Ito Masafumi , Tanaka Masashi , Saiki Reo , Koga Yasutoshi
Published: October 2015

Objective

The diagnosis of mitochondrial disorders (MDs) is occasionally difficult because patients often present with solitary, or a combination of, symptoms caused by each organ insufficiency, which may be the result of respiratory chain enzyme deficiency. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF‐15) has been reported to be elevated in serum of patients with MDs. In this study, we investigated whether GDF‐15 is a more useful biomarker for MDs than several conventional biomarkers.

Methods

We measured the serum levels of GDF‐15 and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF‐21), as well as other biomarkers, in 48 MD patients and in 146 healthy controls in Japan. GDF‐15 and FGF‐21 concentrations were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assay and compared with lactate, pyruvate, creatine kinase, and the lactate‐to‐pyruvate ratio. We calculated sensitivity and specificity and also evaluated the correlation based on two rating scales, including the Newcastle Mitochondrial Disease Rating Scale (NMDAS).

Results

Mean GDF‐15 concentration was 6‐fold higher in MD patients compared to healthy controls (2,711 ± 2,459 pg/ml vs 462.5 ± 141.0 pg/mL; p < 0.001). Using a receiver operating characteristic curve, the area under the curve was significantly higher for GDF‐15 than FGF‐21 and other conventional biomarkers. Our date suggest that GDF‐15 is the most useful biomarker for MDs of the biomarkers examined, and it is associated with MD severity.

Interpretation

Our results suggest that measurement of GDF‐15 is the most useful first‐line test to indicate the patients who have the mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency. Ann Neurol 2015;78:Ann Neurol 2015;78:679–696
Lichtinduzierte Steuerung der Löslichkeit von Polyfluoren zur Steigerung der Leistung in OLEDs
Authors: Schelkle Korwin M. , Bender Markus , Jeltsch Krischan , Buckup Tiago , Müllen Klaus , Hamburger Manuel , Bunz Uwe H. F.
Published: October 2015

Die Prozessierung organischer Bauelemente aus der Flüssigphase ist ein wichtiger Schritt zur Entwicklung kostengünstiger Fertigungsprozesse. Wir beschreiben eine Methode zur lichtinduzierten Löslichkeitsschaltung eines π‐konjugierten Polymers (Polyfluoren), dessen Seitenketten mit Hydroxyzimtsäureester funktionalisiert sind. Die Belichtung dünner Polymerfilme führt zur Abspaltung der Seitenketten, wodurch die Löslichkeit der Filme drastisch gesenkt wird. In einer ersten Konzeptstudie wurden die synthetisierten Polyfluorene als Emittermaterialien in OLEDs eingesetzt. Belichtung der Emitterschicht führt außer der Löslichkeitsschaltung auch zu einem deutlichen Leistungsanstieg der OLED. Dieser Befund eröffnet die Möglichkeit zur gezielten Manipulation der Löslichkeit und der Emissionseigenschaften einer wichtigen Klasse funktioneller Materialien.
Relative Lability and Chemoselective Transmetallation of NHC in Hybrid Phosphine‐NHC Ligands: Access to Heterometallic Complexes
Authors: Simler Thomas , Braunstein Pierre , Danopoulos Andreas A.
Published: October 2015

The relative lability and transmetallation aptitude of trialkylphosphine and NHC donors, integrated in semi‐rigid hybrid ligands attached to [Ag4Br4] pseudo‐cubanes, lies in favor of the NHC and is used to selectively access unprecedented NHC complexes with heterobimetallic cores, such as Ag–Cu (4Cy) and Ag–Ir (5tBu). These can be viewed as an arrested state before the full transmetallation of both donors, which gives the homodinuclear Cu (3Cy) and Ir (6Cy) complexes. The observed NHC transmetallation aptitude and reactivity urges caution in the common notion that views the NHC as a universal spectator.
Boosting Photocatalytic Water Splitting: Interfacial Charge Polarization in Atomically Controlled Core–Shell Cocatalysts
Authors: Bai Song , Yang Li , Wang Chunlei , Lin Yue , Lu Junling , Jiang Jun , Xiong Yujie
Published: October 2015

Platinum is a commonly used cocatalyst for improved charge separation and surface reactions in photocatalytic water splitting. It is envisioned that its practical applications can be facilitated by further reducing the material cost and improving the efficacy of Pt cocatalysts. In this direction, the use of atomically controlled Pd@Pt quasi‐core–shell cocatalysts in combination with TiO2 as a model semiconductor is described. As demonstrated experimentally, the electron trapping necessary for charge separation is substantially promoted by combining a Schottky junction with interfacial charge polarization, enabled by the three‐atom‐thick Pt shell. Meanwhile, the increase in electron density and lattice strain would significantly enhance the adsorption of H2O onto Pt surface. Taken together, the improved charge separation and molecular activation dramatically boost the overall efficiency of photocatalytic water splitting.
Light‐Induced Solubility Modulation of Polyfluorene To Enhance the Performance of OLEDs
Authors: Schelkle Korwin M. , Bender Markus , Jeltsch Krischan , Buckup Tiago , Müllen Klaus , Hamburger Manuel , Bunz Uwe H. F.
Published: October 2015

Liquid‐phase processing is a key prerequisite for the cost‐efficient fabrication of organic electronic devices. We report an approach for light‐induced modulation of the solubility of π‐conjugated polymers (polyfluorene) with side chains functionalized with hydroxycinnamic acid. Irradiation with light cleaves the solubilizing side chains and renders the thin films of the polyfluorene insoluble. In a proof of concept device, polyfluorenes were applied as emissive layers in OLEDs. Photoirradiation of the emission layer leads to an increase in OLED performance combined with a modulation of the solubility of the thin film. These results offer the possibility for further development in terms of manipulating the solubility and emissive parameters of an important class of functional materials.
A Ca2+‐, Mg2+‐, and Zn2+‐Based Dendritic Contractile Nanodevice with Two pH‐Dependent Motional Functions
Authors: Stadler Adrian‐Mihail , Karmazin Lydia , Bailly Corinne
Published: October 2015

A contractile dendritic motional device is reported where metal ions with biological importance—Ca2+ (the main regulatory and signaling species of the natural muscles), Mg2+, and Zn2+—initiate two kinds of motional functions. The first motional function is the metal‐ion‐induced contraction of a linear strand into a Z‐shaped dinuclear complex, and the second one is the change of the height of Z‐shaped complexes via transmetalation. By means of the pH‐dependent counterligand tren, the two motional features of the machine can depend on alternate additions of acid and base. An optical response is associated with the conversion of the linear form (which is yellow) into the metalated Z‐shaped one (which is red).
The ANKK1/DRD2 locus is a genomic substrate for affective priming and recognition of angry faces
Authors: Koeneke Alejandra , Ponce Guillermo , Hoenicka Janet , Huertas Evelio
Published: October 2015

Introduction

Ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing I (ANKK1) and dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) genes have been associated with psychopathic traits in clinical samples. On the other hand, individuals high in psychopathy show reduced affective priming and deficits in facial expression recognition. We have hypothesized that these emotion‐related cognitive phenomena are associated with TaqIA (rs18000497) SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) of the ANKK1 gene and with C957T (rs6277) SNP of the DRD2 gene.

Methods

We performed a genetic association analysis in 94 self‐reported Caucasian healthy volunteers. The participants completed 144 trials of an affective priming task, in which primes and targets were emotional words. They also had to recognize 64 facial expressions of happiness, sadness, anger, and fear in an expression recognition task. Regarding the genetic analyses, TaqIA and C957T SNPs were genotyped.

Results

We found that the C957T SNP TT genotype was associated with a stronger priming effect and a better recognition of angry expressions. No associations were found for the TaqIA SNP. In addition, in silico analysis demonstrated that C957T SNP is a marker of a regulatory sequence at the 5′ UTR of ANKK1 gene, thus suggesting the involvement of the whole ANKK1/DRD2 locus in cognitive–emotional processing.

Conclusions

These results suggest that affective priming and recognition of angry facial expressions are endophenotypes that lie on the pathway between the ANKK1/DRD2 locus and some deviant phenotypes.
Design of experiment course “Computer‐aided landscape design” based on flipped classroom
Authors: Li Da‐Hong , Jiang Bing‐Shen , Li Hong‐Yan , Liu Xi‐Ping
Published: October 2015

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a traditional lecture‐based curriculum versus a modified “flipped classroom” curriculum of “computer‐aided landscape design” delivered to the second‐year undergraduate students. Students in both courses were provided the same notes and recorded lectures. Students in the modified flipped classroom were distributed the teaching case so that they can produce the effect diagram according to their own ideas before class and then attend class, discussing and trying to solve problems they met. In the traditional curriculum, the students were only asked to prepare a new lesson while the case was not distributed. Within a comparable group of graduate students, participants in the flipped class scored significantly higher (P < 0.05) on the “computer‐aided landscape design” by an average of >3 percentage points. The scores of learning attitude and learning motivation of the test group is significantly higher than that of controlled group (P < 0.05). According to our experience and surveys on students, we propose that the teaching cases made by the students before class are critical motivating factors which are likely to help student study. Independently taken together, our findings suggest that the flipped classroom model is a highly effective means which improves the undergraduates' skills of making effect charts. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:234–240, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21701
Single‐Crystal to Single‐Crystal Linker Substitution, Linker Place Exchange, and Transmetalation Reactions in Interpenetrated Pillared–Bilayer Zinc(II) Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: De Dinesh , Neogi Subhadip , Sañudo E. Carolina , Bharadwaj Parimal K.
Published: October 2015

A twofold interpenetrated pillared–bilayer framework, {[Zn3(L)2(L2)(DMF)]⋅(18DMF)(6H2O)}n (1), has been synthesized from the ligands tris(4′‐carboxybiphenyl)amine (H3L) and 1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene (L2). The structure contains [Zn3(COO)6] secondary building units (SBUs), in which three ZnII ions are almost linear with carboxylate bridging. This framework undergoes reversible pillar linker substitution reactions at the terminal ZnII centers with three different dipyridyl linkers of different lengths to afford three daughter frameworks, 2–4. Frameworks 2–4 are interconvertible through reversible linker substitution reactions. Also, competitive linker‐exchange experiments show preferential incorporation of linker L3 in the parent framework 1. The larger linker L5 does not undergo such substitution reactions and framework 5, which contains this linker, can be synthesized solvothermally as a twofold interpenetrated structure. Interestingly, when framework 5 is dipped in a solution of L3 in DMF, linker substitution takes place as before, but linker L5 now moves and diagonally binds two ZnII centers to afford 6 as a nonpenetrated single framework. This linker place exchange reaction is unprecedented. All of these reactions take place in a single‐crystal to single‐crystal (SC‐SC) manner, and have been observed directly through X‐ray crystallography. In addition, each 3D framework undergoes complete copper(II) transmetalation.
Metalated Hexaphyrins: From Understanding to Rational Design
Authors: Alonso Mercedes , Pinter Balazs , Geerlings Paul , De Proft Frank
Published: October 2015

The heretofore unpredictable behavior of [26] and [28]hexaphyrins upon metalation has been elucidated through quantum chemical calculations. It is demonstrated that the molecular topology of Group 10 and Group 11 metal complexes of hexaphyrins depends on sensitive interplay between the intrinsic ligand strain and the metal–ligand interaction strength. As such, the aromaticity of the ligand and effective charge of the metal are revealed as key factors determining the binding mode and the preference for Möbius or Hückel structures. These findings offer a new perspective to rationalize experimental observations for metalated hexaphyrins. More importantly, the proposed guidelines could be useful for designing novel complexes of hexaphyrins, such as a hitherto unknown Möbius [26]hexaphyrin complex.
Low‐Band‐Gap BODIPY Conjugated Copolymers for Sensing Volatile Organic Compounds
Authors: Sen Choong Ping , Shrestha Rekha Goswami , Shrestha Lok Kumar , Ariga Katsuhiko , Valiyaveettil Suresh
Published: October 2015

Conjugated polymers with strong photophysical properties are used in many applications. A homopolymer (P1) and five new low band gap copolymers based on 4,4′‐difluoro‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene (BODIPY) and acceptors 3,6‐dithienyldiketopyrrolopyrrole (P2), phthalimide (P3), benzotriazole (P4), 4,7‐dithienyl[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5g]quinoxaline (P5), and 2,5‐dithienylthieno[3,4‐b]pyrazine (P6) were prepared by means of Sonogashira polymerization. The characterization of polymers by using 1H NMR, absorption, and emission spectroscopy is discussed. All polymers with high molecular weights (Mn) of 16 000 to 89 000 g mol−1 showed absorption maxima in the deep‐red region (λ=630–760 nm) in solution and exhibited significant redshifts (up to 70 nm) in thin films. Polymers P2, P5, and P6 showed narrow optical band gaps of 1.38, 1.35, and 1.38 eV, respectively, which are significantly lower than that of P1 (1.63 eV). The HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the polymers were calculated by using cyclic voltammetry measurements. The LUMO energy levels of BODIPY‐based alternating copolymers were independent of the acceptors; this suggests that the major factor that tunes the LUMO energy levels of the polymers could be the BODIPY core. All polymers showed selective and reproducible detection of volatile organic solvents, such as toluene and benzene, which could be used for developing sensors.
Tailoring the Solid‐State Fluorescence Emission of BODIPY Dyes by meso Substitution
Authors: Kim Sungwoo , Bouffard Jean , Kim Youngmi
Published: October 2015

4,4‐Difluoro‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene (BODIPY) derivatives bearing varied substituents at the meso position (i.e., CF3, CH3, COOR, CHO, CN, Cl, iPr) were synthesized to elucidate the structure–property relationships that give rise to emissive J‐aggregates. Several new BODIPY derivatives can be added to the previously reported 1,3,5,7‐tetramethyl‐8‐trifluoromethyl derivative to the list of those forming J‐aggregates, in addition to other dyes that are emissive in the solid state without forming J‐aggregates.
Turning Redundant Ligands into Treasure: A New Strategy for Constructing MIL‐53(Al)@Nanoscale TiO2 Layers
Authors: Gu Yifan , Wu Yi‐nan , Shen Jingyi , Li Zehua , Chen Shuyi , Lu Huigong , Li Fengting
Published: October 2015

A strategy for in situ fabrication of nanoscale‐thin layers of anatase TiO2 coated on the metal–organic framework (MOF) material, MIL‐53(Al), is developed. The preparation conditions for crystallized TiO2 are normally incompatible with the thermal and chemical stability of MOFs. Based on our strategy, we found that the redundant organic ligands (1,4‐benzenedicarboxylic acid, H2BDC) within the pores of the as‐synthesized MOF play a key function in the protection and support of the framework during hydrothermal loading of the TiO2 precursor, as well as in preventing the infiltration of the precursor into the pores. After annealing, a nanoscale‐thin layer of highly crystalline anatase TiO2, with a thickness of 6–10 nm, was successfully attached to the external surface of the MIL‐53(Al) crystals, while the porous framework remains intact. The core–shell structure of the MOF@TiO2 nanocomposite endows the resulting materials with additional optical response and enhanced moisture and chemical stability.
Cyclotetrabenzoin: Facile Synthesis of a Shape‐Persistent Molecular Square and Its Assembly into Hydrogen‐Bonded Nanotubes
Authors: Ji Qing , Le Ha T. M. , Wang Xiqu , Chen Yu‐Sheng , Makarenko Tatyana , Jacobson Allan J. , Miljanić Ognjen Š.
Published: October 2015

Cyanide‐catalyzed benzoin condensation of terephthaldehyde produces a cyclic tetramer, which we propose to name cyclotetrabenzoin. Cyclotetrabenzoin is a square‐shaped macrocycle ornamented with four α‐hydroxyketone functionalities pointing away from the central cavity, the dimensions of which are 6.9×6.9 Å. In the solid state, these functional groups extensively hydrogen bond, resulting in a microporous three‐dimensional organic framework with one‐dimensional nanotube channels. This material exhibits permanent—albeit low‐porosity, with a Langmuir surface area of 52 m2 g−1. Cyclotetrabenzoin’s easy and inexpensive synthesis and purification may inspire the creation of other shape‐persistent macrocycles and porous molecular crystals by benzoin condensation.
Young investigator challenge: The utility of GATA3 immunohistochemistry in the evaluation of metastatic breast carcinomas in malignant effusions
Authors: Lew Madelyn , Pang Judy C. , Jing Xin , Fields Kristina L. , Roh Michael H.
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND

It is not uncommon to encounter challenges in the immunohistochemical confirmation of metastatic breast cancer given the limited sensitivities of mammaglobin and gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP‐15/BRST‐2) and the significant proportion of triple‐negative breast carcinomas (ie, tumors that are negative for estrogen receptor [ER], and progesterone receptor [PgR], and human epidermal growth factor 2 [HER2]). GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) has emerged as a potentially useful immunohistochemical adjunct during the evaluation of metastatic breast carcinomas in cytology specimens. The objective of the current study was to examine GATA3 expression in the context of malignant effusions secondary to both mammary and extramammary malignancies.

METHODS

In total, 306 malignant effusions (from 62 metastatic breast carcinomas and 244 extramammary malignancies) were examined using GATA3 immunohistochemistry. Effusions with metastatic breast carcinoma were also examined using immunohistochemistry for additional breast markers (ER, PgR, HER2, mammaglobin, and GCDFP‐15/BRST‐2).

RESULTS

GATA3 immunohistochemistry highlighted the tumor cells in 58 of the 62 samples (93.5%) from patients with metastatic breast carcinoma, which was higher than the observed sensitivity of immunohistochemistry for ER (63.8%), PgR (41.4%), HER2 (15.5%), mammaglobin (22.4%), and GCDFP‐15/BRST‐2 (5.2%). GATA3 expression also was observed in a subset of malignant effusions secondary to extramammary primaries, specifically, in 28 of 244 specimens (11.5%).

CONCLUSIONS

GATA3 is a highly sensitive marker for the detection of metastatic breast carcinomas in effusion specimens. However, this marker is not entirely specific for malignancies of breast origin. Thus, GATA3 should be used in conjunction with additional immunohistochemical markers during the cytologic evaluation of malignant effusions. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:576‐81. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Understanding the trust of software‐intensive distributed systems
Authors: Gallege Lahiru S. , Gamage Dimuthu U. , Hill James H. , Raje Rajeev R.
Published: October 2015

An early understanding of the trust concerns while composing a distributed system from independently developed software services saves time and effort. It also allows the developer of such distributed systems to reason about the trust‐related properties of these systems. Although there are prevalent approaches for evaluating the trust of such systems, it is not clear which approach, if any, is the most comprehensive and best suited for a given situation. Moreover, there is no agreement about a unified approach, for quantifying trust, which can be applied to the entire software life‐cycle of distributed systems. This article, first, motivates the need for such a quantification of trust via a case study from the domain of indoor tracking. It then provides a comprehensive survey of current approaches that define trust, in general domains, and then focuses on the relevant approaches from the domain of software‐oriented distributed systems. These prevalent efforts are categorized into groups using existing clustering tools and then are further analyzed for their comprehensiveness. The analysis depicts: (1) many trust‐related efforts and associated models have their own constrained views of trust; (2) different trust models focus on different aspects of trust and life‐cycle details; and (3) it is difficult to interoperate across different trust models. Hence, the paper identifies a set of principles that can assist in quantifying and evaluating the trust throughout the software life‐cycle of distributed systems. These principles, then, are applied to the aforementioned case study to provide an outline of how trustworthy distributed systems can be composed from independent software services. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scheduling multi‐component applications with mobile agents in heterogeneous distributed systems
Authors: Ezugwu Absalom E. , Junaidu Sahalu B. , Frincu Marc E. , Buhari Seyed M. , Obiniyi Afolayan A.
Published: October 2015

In grid computing environment, several classes of multi‐component applications exist. These types of applications may often require additional resources of different types that go beyond what is available in any of the sites making up the grid resource composition. The heterogeneity nature of both the user application and the computing environment makes this a challenging problem. However, the current off‐the‐shelf scheduling software can hardly cope with these diversities in distributed computing application frameworks. Therefore, there is the need for an adequate scheduling system that would grant simultaneous or coordinated access to application of multi‐component nature that requires resources of possibly multiple types, in multiple locations, managed by different resource providers. The main focus of this paper is to develop a mobile agent scheduling model that addresses the aforementioned challenge. A scheduling policy that pertains to job scheduling and resource allocation is proposed. The scheduling policy treats different multi‐component applications requiring diverse heterogeneous resources fairly. The policy is used by mobile agents to schedule user applications and to also find available and suitable distributed resource that are capable of executing user application at a very minimal time. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methods and metrics for fair server assessment under real‐time financial workloads
Authors: Georgakoudis Giorgis , Gillan Charles J. , Sayed Ahmed , Spence Ivor , Faloon Richard , Nikolopoulos Dimitrios S.
Published: October 2015

We present a rigorous methodology and new metrics for fair comparison of server and microserver platforms. Deploying our methodology and metrics, we compare a microserver with ARM cores against two servers with ×86 cores running the same real‐time financial analytics workload. We define workload‐specific but platform‐independent performance metrics for platform comparison, targeting both datacenter operators and end users. Our methodology establishes that a server based on the Xeon Phi co‐processor delivers the highest performance and energy efficiency. However, by scaling out energy‐efficient microservers, we achieve competitive or better energy efficiency than a power‐equivalent server with two Sandy Bridge sockets, despite the microserver's slower cores. Using a new iso‐QoS metric, we find that the ARM microserver scales enough to meet market throughput demand, that is, a 100% QoS in terms of timely option pricing, with as little as 55% of the energy consumed by the Sandy Bridge server. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Updates in metabolomics tools and resources: 2014–2015
Authors: Misra Biswapriya B. , van der Hooft Justin J. J.
Published: October 2015

Data processing and interpretation represent the most challenging and time‐consuming steps in high‐throughput metabolomic experiments, regardless of the analytical platforms (MS or NMR spectroscopy based) used for data acquisition. Improved machinery in metabolomics generates increasingly complex datasets that create the need for more and better processing and analysis software and in silico approaches to understand the resulting data. However, a comprehensive source of information describing the utility of the most recently developed and released metabolomics resources—in the form of tools, software, and databases—is currently lacking. Thus, here we provide an overview of freely‐available, and open‐source, tools, algorithms, and frameworks to make both upcoming and established metabolomics researchers aware of the recent developments in an attempt to advance and facilitate data processing workflows in their metabolomics research. The major topics include tools and researches for data processing, data annotation, and data visualization in MS and NMR‐based metabolomics. Most in this review described tools are dedicated to untargeted metabolomics workflows; however, some more specialist tools are described as well. All tools and resources described including their analytical and computational platform dependencies are summarized in an overview Table.
A mass‐conserving level‐set method for simulation of multiphase flow in geometrically complicated domains
Authors: Raees F. , van der Heul D. R. , Vuik C.
Published: October 2015

The mass‐conserving level‐set (MCLS) method is a hybrid level‐set (LS)/volume of fluid (VoF) based, interface capturing algorithm that combines the mass conserving properties of the VoF, with the benefits of having an explicit description of the interface of the LS method. The efficiency of the method is a result of the fact that the LS formulation allows evaluation of the VoF‐field and VoF‐fluxes without reconstruction of the interface in each cell. We present the extension of the MCLS method from its original formulation for Cartesian quadrilateral control volumes to triangular control volumes for optimal geometrical flexibility. The LS field is discretized using a second order discontinuous Galerkin method. After each time‐step, a mass‐conserving correction is imposed based on the simultaneously convected VoF field. This convection step is performed with a second‐order Eulerian–Lagrangian approach, combined with a ‘clipping’ algorithm to project the advected field from the Lagrangian to the Eulerian grid. The MCLS method is shown to be accurately mass conserving and shows second order convergence for three different test cases. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biocorrosion of 316LV steel used in oral cavity due to Desulfotomaculum nigrificans bacteria
Authors: Mystkowska Joanna , Ferreira Jose A. , Leszczyńska Katarzyna , Chmielewska Sylwia , Dąbrowski Jan Ryszard , Wieciński Piotr , Kurzydłowski Krzysztof Jan
Published: October 2015

Corrosion processes of metallic biomaterials in the oral cavity pose a significant limitation to the life and reliable functioning of dental materials. In this article, the influence of environment bacteria Desulfotomaculum nigrificans sulfate reducing bacteria on the corrosion processes of 316LV steel was assessed. After 14 and 28 days of contact of the material with the bacterial environment, the surfaces of the tested biomaterial were observed by means of confocal scanning laser microscopy, and their chemical composition was studied using X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectrometry and a scanning transmission electron microscopy. Corrosive changes, the presence of sulfur (with atomic concentration of 0.5%) on the surface of the biomaterial and the presence of a thin oxide layer (thickness of ∼20 nm) under the surface of the steel were observed. This corrosion layer with significant size reduction of grains was characterized by an increased amount of oxygen (18% mas., p < 0.001) in comparison to untreated 316LV steel (where oxygen concentration − 10% mas.). Image analysis conducted using APHELION software indicated that corrosion pits took up ∼2.8% of the total tested surface. The greatest number of corrosion pits had a surface area within the range of 100–200 μm2. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 222–229, 2017.
Comparison of two leukocytapheresis protocols in a case of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome
Authors: Wang Michael L. , Davenport Robertson D. , Yamada Chisa
Published: October 2015

Background

Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HEOS) is rare, and the efficacy of leukocytapheresis in this context is unclear. We here report the successful treatment of a patient with idiopathic HEOS with four leukocytapheresis procedures using two protocols.

Case

A 4‐year‐old female presented with cardiac and respiratory dysfunction, and WBC of 225 K/μL with 96% eosinophils. Leukocytapheresis was started after initiation of methylprednisolone and hydroxyurea. She received two leukocytapheresis with polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) protocol, followed by initiation of imatinib therapy, then two leukocytapheresis with mononuclear cell (MNC) protocol. After the fourth leukocytapheresis, her WBC decreased to 69 K/μL with 82% eosinophils. She was discharged on hospital day 21 under stable condition with WBC of 22 K/μL with 86% eosinophils. WBC count and eosinophil percentage continued to decrease, and were 6.4 K/μL and 52% by 2 weeks and 3.9 K/μL and 4.9% by 3 months after discharge, respectively.

Findings

WBC and absolute eosinophil (aEO) counts decreased by an average of 29.0 and 30.4% per leukocytapheresis, respectively. Normalized to estimated blood volume, procedures with PMN and MNC protocols changed, on average, WBC by −10.7 and −12.1%, aEO by −10.4 and −13.4%, platelet by −8.1 and −19.2%, and fluid balance by −129 and −47 mL, respectively.

Conclusion

Leukocytapheresis was effective in decreasing WBC and aEO counts in HEOS, with PMN and MNC protocols achieving similar reductions. However, PMN protocol resulted in greater negative fluid balance and MNC protocol resulted in greater platelet loss. J. Clin. Apheresis 31:481–489, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Robust compliance topology optimization based on the topological derivative concept
Authors: Torii André Jacomel , Novotny Antonio André , dos Santos Renatha Batista
Published: October 2015

In this paper, we present an approach for robust compliance topology optimization under volume constraint. The compliance is evaluated considering a point‐wise worst‐case scenario. Analogously to sequential optimization and reliability assessment, the resulting robust optimization problem can be decoupled into a deterministic topology optimization step and a reliability analysis step. This procedure allows us to use topology optimization algorithms already developed with only small modifications. Here, the deterministic topology optimization problem is addressed with an efficient algorithm based on the topological derivative concept and a level‐set domain representation method. The reliability analysis step is handled as in the performance measure approach. Several numerical examples are presented showing the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers and p‐methoxystyrene by a benign initiating system: Silver salt/arylmethyl halide/dialkyl sulfide
Authors: Lin Li , Zhang Guangyou , Kodama Koichi , Shitara Hiroaki , Hirose Takuji
Published: October 2015

Three vinyl ethers (VEs: isobutyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, and isopropyl vinyl ether) and an active styrene derivative, p‐methoxystyrene (pMOS), were employed for cationic polymerization using a benign initiating system, AgClO4/Ph2CHBr/dialkyl sulfide. Choosing a sulfide with suitable nucleophilicity was important for achieving controlled polymerization. Additionally, selecting an appropriate reaction temperature based on monomer reactivity was also crucial for suppressing side reactions. Highly controlled polymerizations of VEs and pMOS were further confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS). In addition, the coordination of the arylmethyl cation to the added base obviously influenced the initiation, as demonstrated by 1H NMR analysis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 861–870
Nanostructuring of Pure and Composite‐Based K6 Formulations with Low Sensitivities
Authors: Blas Lucia , Klaumünzer Martin , Pessina Florent , Braun Silke , Spitzer Denis
Published: October 2015

The aim of this work was to desensitize keto‐RDX, respectively 2‐oxo‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazacyclohexane (K6). For this purpose, two different methods were employed. First, nano‐K6 was produced by means of the Spray Flash Evaporation process. Particles with a median size of 74 nm were obtained. Sensitivity to friction and electrostatic discharge were reduced by downscaling particle size of K6. Second, due to their molecular analogy, the mixing of K6 and RDX was studied. For that reason, a physical nanometric mixture of K6 and RDX was produced by the same technique. In the latter case, an inter‐particular synergy between both compounds was noticed but without forming a cocrystal. The median particle size of the mixture is about 82 nm, and its sensitivity is between the ones of raw nano‐materials concerning friction and electrostatic discharge. Moreover, the mixture is less sensitive to impact (3.03 J) than nano‐K6 (<1.56 J) and nano‐RDX (threshold is 2.0 J).
Surface effects on thermoelectric properties of metallic and semiconducting nanowires
Authors: Kojda Danny , Mitdank Rüdiger , Weidemann Stefan , Mogilatenko Anna , Wang Zhi , Ruhhammer Johannes , Kroener Michael , Töllner William , Woias Peter , Nielsch Kornelius , Fischer Saskia F.
Published: October 2015

Metallic and semiconducting nanowires (NWs) are of interest in the field of thermoelectrics, because they act as model system to investigate the influence of surfaces on the thermoelectric transport properties. In single crystalline NWs, the grain boundary scattering is negligible and the surface‐to‐volume‐ratio is high. We present state‐of‐the‐art of the combination of the structural, chemical, and temperature‐dependent full thermoelectric characterization for individual single crystalline NWs, which is essential to conclude on surface effects. Temperature‐dependent measurements allow further conclusions on the scattering mechanisms. Simulations by the finite element method are performed on indented NWs to interpret the measurement results.

Calculated surface temperature of a single‐indented and a multi‐indented NW.
Effect of partial discharges on thermal breakdown of oil‐impregnated paper
Authors: Niasar Mohamad Ghaffarian , Kiiza Respicius Clemence , Taylor Nathaniel , Edin Hans
Published: October 2015

In this paper, we investigate the effect of partial discharges (PDs) on the thermal breakdown voltage of oil‐impregnated paper (OIP). A disk‐shaped cavity in a stack of paper sheets formed the PD source. The paper sample was exposed to PDs for 18 h. Dielectric spectroscopy measurements were performed on the samples before and after exposure to PD activity. The dielectric spectroscopy results showed a big change in the real and imaginary part of the permittivity. These results were used to calculate the activation energy and heat losses inside the insulation. In order to investigate the possibility of thermal breakdown in the system, the OIP system was simulated by using the FEM software COMSOL Multiphysics. The heat produced by PD pulses and dielectric losses was considered in the simulation. The results show that for the OIP insulation, PD activity can reduce the thermal breakdown voltage by a factor up to 4 times. © 2015 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Design and modeling of micro tactile sensor with three contact tips for self‐compensation of contact error in soft tissue elasticity measurement
Authors: Fouly Ahmed , Nasr Mohamed N. A. , Fath El Bab Ahmed M. R. , Abouelsoud A. A.
Published: October 2015

The capability to localize diseased regions in soft tissues is essential in laparoscopic surgeries. Accordingly, surgeons need to use tactile feedback systems in order to evaluate tissue health. The purpose of this paper is to identify tissue stiffness using a new tactile sensor, whose output does not depend on the applied pushing distance or the contact angle between the sensor and the target tissue. A modification on the concept of using two linear springs with different stiffness is executed, where the current sensor design is based on using three linear springs. A detailed design procedure is carried out in order to achieve high linearity and sensitivity. The sensor measuring range is selected according to different soft‐tissue properties. In order to verify the performance of the new design, a finite element model is constructed using the ANSYS software. The results illustrate that the presented sensor can distinguish between different tissues based on their modulus of elasticity, within the specified design range. Moreover, the sensor output is independent of the applied pushing distance and the contact angle, in the range of ±8°, with a maximum error of ±4%. Furthermore, a linear I/O relationship was successfully achieved, which was the aim when considering nonlinearity analysis. © 2015 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
PIAS1‐mediated sumoylation promotes STUbL‐dependent proteasomal degradation of the human telomeric protein TRF2
Authors: Her Joonyoung , Jeong Yu Young , Chung In Kwon
Published: October 2015

The human telomeric protein TRF2 protects chromosome ends by facilitating their organization into the protective capping structure. Here we show that the stability of TRF2 is regulated via modification by the small ubiquitin‐like modifiers (SUMO). TRF2 specifically interacts with and is sumoylated by PIAS1 in mammalian cells. The proteasome inhibitor stabilizes SUMO‐conjugated TRF2 without affecting the level of unmodified TRF2, suggesting that SUMO conjugation is required for proteasomal degradation of TRF2. We also show that RNF4, a mammalian SUMO‐targeted ubiquitin ligase, interacts with TRF2 in a SUMO‐dependent manner and preferentially targets SUMO‐conjugated TRF2 for ubiquitination. Collectively, our data demonstrate that the PIAS1‐mediated sumoylation status of TRF2 serves as a molecular switch that controls the level of TRF2 at telomeres.
Neonatal tactile stimulation decreases depression‐like and anxiety‐like behaviors and potentiates sertraline action in young rats
Authors: Freitas Daniele , Antoniazzi Caren T.D. , Segat Hecson J. , Metz Vinícia Garzella , Vey Luciana Taschetto , Barcelos Raquel C.S , Duarte Thiago , Duarte Marta M.M.F. , Burger Marilise Escobar
Published: October 2015

It is well known that events which occur in early life exert a significant influence on brain development, what can be reflected throughout adulthood. This study was carried out in order to assess the influence of neonatal tactile stimulation (TS) on behavioral and morphological responses related to depression‐like and anxiety‐like behaviors, assessed following the administration of sertraline (SERT), a selective serotonin re‐uptake inhibitor (SSRI). Male pups were submitted to daily TS, from postnatal day 8 (PND8) to postnatal day 14 (PND14), for 10 min every day. On PND50, adult animals were submitted to forced swimming training (15 min). On PND51, half of each experimental group (UH and TS) received a single sub‐therapeutic dose of sertraline (SER, 0.3 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) or its vehicle (C, control group). Thirty minutes after injection, depression‐like behaviors were quantified in forced swimming test (FST, for 5 min). On the following day, anxiety‐like behaviors were assessed in elevated plus maze (EPM), followed by biochemical assessments. TS per se increased swimming time, decreasing immobility time in FST. Besides, TS per se was able to increase frequency of head dipping and time spent in the open arms of EPM, resulting in decreased anxiety index. In addition, groups exposed to TS showed decreased plasma levels of corticosterone per se. Interestingly, while TS exposure significantly potentiated the antidepressant activity of a subtherapeutic dose of SERT, this drug was able to exacerbate TS‐induced anxiolytic activity, as observed in FST and EPM, respectively. Decreased plasma levels of both corticosterone and cortisol in animals exposed to TS and treated with SERT are able to confirm the interesting interaction between this neonatal handling and the antidepressant drug. From our results, we conclude that neonatal TS is able to exert beneficial influence on the ability to cope with stressful situations in adulthood, preventing depression and favorably modulating the action of antidepressant drugs.
The Voice of a Condor (Chile, Palestine) 2014 Color 45 min. In Spanish and Arabic w/English subtitles. Director/Producer: Hebat-Allah El Attar; Distributor: Hebat-Allah El Attar (e-mail: h.elattar@csuohio.edu).
Authors: Stevenson Thomas B.
Published: October 2015

The Voice of a Condor opens with Reverend Naim Ateek's humorous anecdote about Americans who are unaware that Christianity “was born” in Palestine and that there are, in fact, Christian Arabs. Even in academic circles, discussion of Palestinians tends to focus narrowly on the Muslim Palestinians in Israel and residents of the occupied territories or refugee camps in Jordan and Lebanon. Christian Palestinians once comprised more than ten percent of the population, but their numbers have been declining in the Holy Lands for more than a century. Today, they represent less than two percent of the population.
Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction and early Permian ichnoassemblage from the NE Iberian Peninsula (Pyrenean Basin)
Authors: MUJAL EUDALD , FORTUNY JOSEP , OMS ORIOL , BOLET ARNAU , GALOBART ÀNGEL , ANADÓN PERE
Published: October 2015

Recent finds of tetrapod ichnites in the red-bed and volcaniclastic succession of the Iberian Pyrenean Basin permits an assessment of the faunal diversity and palaeoenvironment of a late early Permian setting. The tetrapod ichnoassemblage is inferred with the aid of photogrammetry and constituted byBatrachichnus salamandroides,Limnopusisp., cf.Amphisauropus(these three ichnotaxa present associated swimming traces, assigned toCharacichnos), cf.Ichniotherium,Dromopusisp., cf.Varanopus,Hyloidichnusisp. andDimetropus leisnerianus. These ichnotaxa suggest the presence of temnospondyls, seymouriamorphs, diadectomorphs, araeoscelids, captorhinids and synapsid pelycosaurs as potential trackmakers. These faunas correlate to the late early Permian. Two ichnoassociations correspond to two different palaeoenvironments that were permanently or occasionally aquatic (meandering fluvial systems and unconfined runoff surfaces, respectively). Ichnotaxa in the fluvial system is more diverse and abundant than in the runoff surfaces system. The Iberian Pyrenean ichnoassemblage reveals the faunistic connection and similarities among nearing basins (Spain, southern France and Morocco) differing from the Central European basins (i.e. German Tambach Formation). Based on the palaeogeography and the climate models of the early Permian, we suggest the correlation of ichnofaunal composition with different palaeoclimate biomes. This results in a diffuse boundary of Gondwana–Laurasia land masses, indicating no geographic barriers but a possible climate control on the faunal distribution. Further studies, integrating data from distant tracksites, should refine these biome boundaries.