bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary Leiomyoma of the Liver: A Review of a Rare Tumour
Authors: Omiyale Ayodeji Oluwarotimi
Published: November 2014

Context. Primary leiomyoma of the liver is a rare tumour with uncertain pathogenesis with similar presentation with other tumours of the liver. Little is known about its clinical course. Objectives. To review the literature for case reports of primary leiomyoma of the liver. Methods. Extensive literature search was carried out for case reports of primary leiomyoma of the liver. Results. A total of 36 cases of primary leiomyoma of the liver were reviewed. The mean age of presentation is 43 years with slight female sex affectation; females accounted for 55.6% of the cases reported in the literature. The average size of the tumour is 8.7 cm. 34.4% of the cases reviewed were incidental finding with the mean follow-up time of 33 months with most cases reporting no evidence of disease. Conclusions. Primary leiomyoma of the liver is very rare tumour with complex pathogenesis which remains largely unknown. Imaging of the tumour does not allow for a tissue specific diagnosis; hence histological review of the tissue specimen and immunohistochemical stains are imperative for diagnosis. Surgical resection is both diagnostic and curative. The diagnosis of primary leiomyoma of the liver should be considered as a differential in the management of liver tumours.
Thirty Years of Research on Met Receptor to Move a Biomarker from Bench to Bedside
Authors: Furlan Alessandro , Kherrouche Zoulika , Montagne Rémi , Copin Marie-Christine , Tulasne David
Published: November 2014

Met receptor tyrosine kinase was discovered in 1984 as an oncogene. Thirty years later, Met and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor are promising targets for the novel therapies developed to fight against cancers, with more than 240 clinical trials currently conducted. In this review, we offer to trace and highlight the most recent findings of the exemplary track record of research on Met receptor, which allowed moving this biomarker from bench to bedside. Indeed, three decades of basic research unravelled the structural basis of the ligand/receptor interaction and their complex downstream signaling network. During this period, animal models highlighted their crucial role in the development and homeostasis of epithelial organs. In parallel, involvement of Met in tumorigenesis was confirmed by the direct association of its deregulation to poor prognosis in numerous cancers. On the basis of these data, pharmaceutical companies developed many Met inhibitors, some of which are in phase III clinical trials. These impressive achievements should not detract from many questions that still remain, such as the precise Met signaling involvement in development or homeostasis of specific epithelial structures. In addition, the processes involving Met in resistance to current therapies or the appearance of resistances to Met-targeted therapies are far from being fully understood. Cancer Res; 74(23); 6737–44. ©2014 AACR.
Patterns of Proteins Removed with High-Flux Membranes on High-Volume Hemodiafiltration Detected with a MultiDimensional LC-MS/MS Strategy
Authors: Pedrini Luciano A. , Krisp Christoph , Gmerek Andreas , Wolters Dirk A.
Published: November 2014

Background: Aim of this prospective crossover study was to identify the nature of the middle-molecular weight solutes removed during high-volume post-dilution HDF. Methods: The efficiency in removing small molecules, protein-bound and middle-molecular proteins was evaluated in 16 chronic dialysis patients on post-dilution HDF with two high-flux dialyzer membranes (Amembris and Polyamix). Multidimensional Protein Identification Technology (MudPIT) was employed to identify middle-molecular weight solutes in spent dialysate. Results: Efficiency of post-dilution HDF in removing solutes of different MW was high with both membranes, but higher with Amembris than with Polyamix. With MudPIT analysis, 277 proteins were identified in the dialysate fluids. Although the protein-removal pattern was similar among patients and tested membranes, the total and protein-specific peptide spectral count (mass spectrometric quantitation criteria) of most proteins were higher using the Amembris membrane. Conclusions: The MudPIT approach showed to be a powerful tool to identify a broad molecular weight spectrum of proteins removed with post-dilution HDF. Short Summary: Aim of this prospective crossover study was to analyze the hydraulic properties of two high-flux dialyzer membranes (Amembris and Polyamix) during high-volume, post-dilution HDF and to evaluate the influence of these properties on the removal of proteins and peptides using an in-depth analysis of the spent dialysate. For this analysis, a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry approach called MudPIT (Multidimensional Protein Identification Technology) was used to identify the middle molecular weight solutes present in the spent dialysate of patients. The capability of post-dilution HDF in removing solutes of different MW was very high with both dialyzers, but higher with the Amembris membrane. The proteomic MudPIT approach showed to be a powerful tool to identify a wide molecular spectrum of proteins removed from blood during post-dilution HDF. These results may contribute to address research toward a better knowledge of uremic toxins and the balance between the intended and unintended removal of undesired and beneficial proteins next to identification of new target proteins as potential candidates for uremic toxicity. i 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
Bilateral Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Two Children: Common Manifestation of an Uncommon Disease
Authors: Sharma Raman , Ramachandran Sudheesh , Bhat Dhananjaya , Bindu P.S. , Devi B. Indira
Published: November 2014

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a rare entity in children and usually has a different clinical presentation than in adults. The majority of these cases are related to a genetic condition. The most common aetiology is a lysosomal storage disease such as mucopolysaccharidoses or mucolipidoses (ML). Two siblings with bilateral median nerve neuropathy, wrist contractures and skeletal deformity on a background of mild facial coarsening and normal cognition are presented. There was a family history of similar complaints in first cousins. Nerve conduction studies were suggestive of bilateral median neuropathy with conduction block at the wrists. Biochemical investigation showed high levels of plasma lysosomal enzymes. Both patients underwent bilateral flexor retinaculum release. The findings at surgery were severe compression of the median nerve by the thickened flexor retinaculum. The histopathology of the thickened tissue showed a fibrosed and vascularised flexor retinaculum. On electron microscopy, macrophages with membrano-vacuolated inclusion zebra bodies were seen. Both patients had an uneventful recovery with symptomatic improvement. CTS is rarely seen in children except in association with genetic disorders. There is usually a delay in the diagnosis as attention is paid to the contractures rather than to the median nerve compression. The presence of CTS is typically seen in ML types II and III. Surgical intervention helps in improving the quality of life and hand function of these patients.
Long-Term Natural History of Intracranial Arterial Stenosis: An MRA Follow-Up Study
Authors: Ryu Wi-Sun , Park Sang-Soon , Kim Young-Seo , Lee Su-Ho , Kang Kyusik , Kim Chulho , Sohn Chul-Ho , Lee Seung-Hoon , Yoon Byung-Woo
Published: November 2014

Background: Intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS) is a major cause of ischemic stroke in Asians. Despite the clinical importance of ICAS, the literature on the natural history of ICAS has been less enlightening. The aims of our study were to evaluate a long-term natural course of symptomatic and asymptomatic ICAS. Methods: 102 subjects (37 symptomatic and 65 asymptomatic) underwent follow-up MR angiography (MRA) with a median time interval between initial and follow-up MRA of 5.7 years (range 3.6-8.5 years). For each patient, the extent of stenosis of five arteries (both middle cerebral arteries, both intracranial internal carotid arteries, and basilar artery) was classified according to five grades, by consensus: normal, mild (signal reduction <50%), moderate (signal reduction ≥50%), severe (focal signal loss with the presence of a distal signal), and occlusion. Because the sample size was too small to adjust for multiple confounders, we applied the propensity score. Results: Mean (Standard deviation) age at initial MRA was 63.5 (9.6) and 54% were men. The progression rate of ICAS differed significantly between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients (22 vs. 8%, p < 0.01), indicating a 3-fold risk of progression for symptomatic stenosis compared with asymptomatic stenosis [odds ratio (OR) 3.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-9.95]. After adjustment for propensity score, the OR was 4.84 (95% CI, 1.40-16.7). In the matched cohort, the relative risk of stenosis progression was 5.20 for symptomatic stenosis (95% CI 1.00-27.23) compared with asymptomatic stenosis. Conclusion: We found a greater risk of progression for symptomatic stenosis compared with asymptomatic stenosis.
Plasma-Assisted Hydrophilization of Cochlear Implant Electrode Array Surfaces Enables Adhesion of Neurotrophin-Secreting Cells
Authors: Schendzielorz Philipp , Schmitz Tobias , Moseke Claus , Gbureck Uwe , FrFlich Katrin , Rak Kristen , Groll JRrgen , Hagen Rudolf , Radeloff Andreas
Published: November 2014

Objective: To evaluate plasma treatment for enhancing the biocompatibility of cochlear implant (CI) silicone surfaces, thus allowing colonization with human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) that are known to provide neurotrophic support. Methods: Silicone samples and CI electrode arrays were treated with 4 low-pressure plasmas of different characteristics. The hydrophilicity of plasma-treated and control surfaces as well as the adherence and morphology of hASCs were assessed. Finally, the insertion forces of electrode arrays were determined and the colonization potential of the electrode arrays with hASCs were tested. Results: The hydrophilicity of the silicone surfaces was significantly enhanced after plasma treatment, as was the adherence of hASCs. The characteristic morphology of hASCs was observed when grown on plasma-treated but not on untreated silicone surfaces. The insertion forces of plasma-treated electrode arrays were similar to those of untreated arrays, and the colonization of plasma-treated electrode arrays with hASCs was feasible. Conclusion: Plasma treatment of CI electrode arrays enhances their biocompatibility and allows for the colonization with hASCs that are known to produce neurotrophic factors. i 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
Corticosteroid Regulates Epithelial Occludin Expression in Nasal Polyps through a MKP-1-Dependent Pathway
Authors: Chen Xi , Luo Xi , Han Miaomiao , Wu Xingmei , Guo Jiebo , Zhang Jia , Tang Haocheng , Zuo Kejun , Xu Geng , Li Huabin
Published: November 2014

Objective: To evaluate the regulatory effect of corticosteroid on occludin expression in polyp tissues of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients and in vitro. Methods: Twenty CRSwNP patients were enrolled and subjected to prednisone (30 mg/day for 14 days). The expression of occludin in polyp tissues was examined before and after treatment using immunohistochemical staining and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, the expression of occludin in polyp-derived epithelial cells (PECs) and human bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) was examined using Western blot analysis in the presence of corticosteroid and/or MKP-1 siRNA, respectively. Results: mRNA and protein expression of occludin in polyp tissues was significantly upregulated after prednisone administration (p < 0.05). Corticosteroids significantly increased MKP-1 and occludin expression in cultured PECs (p < 0.05), and MKP-1 siRNA significantly decreased occludin expression in cultured BECs (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that corticosteroid can promote epithelial occludin expression in nasal polyps through a MKP-1-dependent pathway. i 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
Prevalence and Incidence of Epilepsy in Italy Based on a Nationwide Database
Authors: Giussani Giorgia , Cricelli Claudio , Mazzoleni Francesco , Cricelli Iacopo , Pasqua Alessandro , Pecchioli Serena , Lapi Francesco , Beghi Ettore
Published: November 2014

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and incidence of epilepsy in Italy using a national database of general practitioners (GPs). Methods: The Health Search CSD Longitudinal Patient Database (HSD) has been established in 1998 by the Italian College of GPs. Participants were 700 GPs, representing a population of 912,458. For each patient, information on age and sex, EEG, CT scan, and MRI was included. Prevalent cases with a diagnosis of ‘epilepsy' (ICD9CM: 345*) were selected in the 2011 population. Incident cases of epilepsy were identified in 2011 by excluding patients diagnosed for epilepsy and convulsions and those with EEG, CT scan, MRI prescribed for epilepsy and/or convulsions in the previous years. Crude and standardized (Italian population) prevalence and incidence were calculated. Results: Crude prevalence of epilepsy was 7.9 per 1,000 (men 8.1; women 7.7). The highest prevalence was in patients <25 years and ≥75 years. The incidence of epilepsy was 33.5 per 100,000 (women 35.3; men 31.5). The highest incidence was in women <25 years and in men 75 years or older. Conclusions: Prevalence and incidence of epilepsy in this study were similar to those of other industrialized countries. HSD appears as a reliable data source for the surveillance of epilepsy in Italy. i 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
Upregulation of Interleukin-35 Subunits in Regulatory T Cells in a Murine Model of Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Shen Hui , Wang Chengshuo , Fan Erzhong , Li Ying , Zhang Wei , Zhang Luo
Published: November 2014

Objective: Regulatory T (Treg) cells play a critical role in the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis (AR). We investigated the regulatory roles of interleukin (IL)-35, an immunosuppressive cytokine expressed by CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells, in a murine model of AR. Methods: The expression of IL-35 subunits (Ebi3, encoded by Ebi3, and IL-12p35, encoded by IL12a) and IL-35 receptor chains (IL12rb and IL6st) in nasal mucosa and in spleen-derived Treg cells from ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized AR was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time RT-PCR techniques. Results: IL-35 subunit secretion was associated with local OVA sensitization in this murine model of AR. Ebi3 and IL-12p35, as well as CD3, were expressed differentially in the same regions of nasal mucosa of both AR and control animals. Ebi3 mRNA levels were significantly downregulated in the nasal mucosa of AR mice compared with control mice. Similarly, Ebi3 and IL12a mRNA levels were significantly upregulated in CD4+CD25+ Treg cells and, correspondingly, downregulated in CD4+CD25- T effector (Teff) cells. IL6st mRNA levels were also significantly downregulated in CD4+CD25- Teff cells. Conclusions: Decreased Ebi3 may have a crucial regulatory effect on the nasal mucosa in AR. The increased IL-35 subunit expression in CD4+CD25+ Treg cells may contribute to regulating the pathogenesis of AR. i 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
Chromosomal assignment of oil radish resistance to Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica using a set of disomic rapeseed-radish chromosome addition lines
Authors: Zhang Shaosong , Schliephake Edgar , Budahn Holger
Published: November 2014

Root-knot nematodes cause severe damage to a great number of crops worldwide. The use of nematicides is restricted due to environmental and toxicological risks and control of the pest by crop rotation is difficult because root-knot nematodes have a very wide range of host plants. To verify the strategy of converting rapeseed from a tolerant host for Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica to a resistant catch crop, a complete set of nine disomic rapeseed-radish chromosome addition lines (lines A to I) was tested for resistance against these Meloidogyne species. Thirty plants of each addition line and the rapeseed and radish parents as control were infected with 2500 second-stage juveniles per plant. The presence of the alien radish chromosome was confirmed by chromosome-specific microsatellite markers. After cultivation of the inoculated plants for 10 weeks in a climatic chamber the root systems were washed. The egg masses were stained with Cochenille Red and counted. The radish parent A24 was found to be resistant to M. incognita (2.4 egg masses (g root)−1) and M. javanica (0.4 egg masses (g root)−1) compared to 53.3 and 33.1 egg masses (g root)−1 for the susceptible rapeseed parent cv. Madora. The radish chromosome e was shown to be the carrier of radish root-knot nematode resistance with an average number of <1 egg mass (g root)−1 for M. incognita and M. javanica. The disomic addition lines B, C, D, G, H and I and the parental radish line A107 were classified as highly susceptible, whereas the addition lines A and F showed significantly reduced susceptibility for M. incognita but not for M. javanica. To our knowledge this is the first study on resistance effects of individual radish chromosomes in a rapeseed background against these root-knot nematodes.
The European Court of Human Rights Case Law and Its Impact on Parliamentary Removal of a Judge in Malta
Authors: Aquilina Kevin
Published: November 2014

This article analyses the case law of the European Court of Human Rights relating to Parliamentary removal of a judge. The Court’s earlier approach did not extend the right to a fair trial to judicial removal motions before the Maltese unicameral House of Representatives. The Court’s latest case law has reversed its earlier interpretation with all the attendant consequential implications brought about for Malta which now has to amend its Constitution on the subject. This novel landmark interpretation implies that should Parliament attempt to remove a judge, that constitutional procedure will fall foul of the right to a fair trial.
Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 using ultraviolet light-treated bacteriophages
Authors: Hudson JA , Billington C , Premaratne A , On SLW
Published: November 2014

Escherichia coli O157:H7 causes serious foodborne infections warranting the development of effective control measures. One control option is to use bacteriophages (phages), which are regarded as safe to humans and an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical antimicrobials. One of the few remaining safety concerns is the potential for phages to facilitate genetic exchange between bacteria so resulting in undesirable mobilisation of genes. UV treatment of phages causes a rapid loss in their ability to replicate, while maintaining their antibacterial activity, and so the use of UV-treated phages could be an alternative to the use of viable phages. Data presented here show the inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 by UV-treated phages in milk and on the surface of raw and cooked meat. A minimum concentration of approximately 105 PFU cm−2 (pre-UV treatment titre) of UV-treated phages was required before inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 on the surface of meat was measurable, and 1–2 log10 CFU cm−2 reductions were typically obtained at concentrations of around 107 UV-treated phages cm−2 (pre-UV treatment titre). Inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 by UV-treated phages was less than that for untreated phages. The production of UV-treated phages was not optimised and it is possible that better reductions in pathogen concentration could be achieved for the same input UV-treated phages concentrations.
Imaging features of bilateral breast plasmacytoma as unusual initial presentation of multiple myeloma: case report and literature review
Authors: Lee Hyun Sil , Kim Ji Youn , Kang Chang Suk , Kim Sung Hun , Kang Jung Ho
Published: November 2014

Breast plasmacytoma (BP) is an extremely rare extramedullary manifestation of multiple myeloma (MM). We report the imaging findings of an unusual case in which BP was the initial presentation of MM. A 53-year-old woman with no contributory medical history underwent chest computed tomography to evaluate intermittent nocturnal anterior chest pain, and bilateral multiple breast masses were found. Following an ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy, these lesions were confirmed to be BP.
The Impact of Family Structure on the Health of Children: Effects of Divorce
Authors: Anderson Jane
Published: November 2014

Nearly three decades of research evaluating the impact of family structure on the health and well-being of children demonstrates that children living with their married, biological parents consistently have better physical, emotional, and academic well-being. Pediatricians and society should promote the family structure that has the best chance of producing healthy children. The best scientific literature to date suggests that, with the exception of parents faced with unresolvable marital violence, children fare better when parents work at maintaining the marriage. Consequently, society should make every effort to support healthy marriages and to discourage married couples from divorcing.
Abstinence Education
Authors: Zeiler Alean
Published: November 2014

The American College of Pediatricians strongly endorses abstinence-until-marriage sex education and recommends adoption by all school systems in lieu of “comprehensive sex education.” This position is based on “the public health principle of primary prevention—risk avoidance in lieu of risk reduction,” upholding the “human right to the highest attainable standard of health” ( ).
Effects of selective β1-adrenoceptor blockade on cardiovascular and renal function and circulating cytokines in ovine hyperdynamic sepsis
Authors: Calzavacca Paolo , Lankadeva Yugeesh R , Bailey Simon R , Bailey Michael , Bellomo Rinaldo , May Clive N
Published: November 2014

Introduction

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system has beneficial cardiovascular effects in sepsis, but there is also evidence that sympatholytics have beneficial actions in sepsis. We therefore determined the effect of selective β1-adrenoceptor blockade on cardiac and renal function and cytokine release in ovine hyperdynamic sepsis.

Methods

Hyperdynamic sepsis was induced by infusion of live E. coli for 24 hours in nine conscious sheep instrumented with flow probes on the pulmonary and left renal artery. Cardiovascular and renal function and levels of plasma cytokines were determined in a control group and during selective β1-adrenoceptor blockade with atenolol (10 mg intravenous bolus then 0.125 mg/kg/h) from 8 to 24 hours of sepsis.

Results

Hyperdynamic sepsis was characterized by hypotension with increases in cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR) and renal blood flow (RBF), and acute kidney injury. Atenolol caused sustained reductions in HR (P <0.001) and CO (P <0.001). Despite the lower CO the sepsis-induced fall in mean arterial pressure (MAP) was similar in both groups. The sepsis-induced increase in RBF, decrease in renal function and increase in arterial lactate were unaffected by atenolol. Sepsis increased plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-10. Atenolol caused a further increase in IL-10, but did not affect levels of TNF-α or IL-6.

Conclusions

In sepsis, selective β1-adrenoceptor blockade reduced CO, but not MAP. During sepsis, atenolol did not alter the development of acute kidney injury or the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, but enhanced the release of IL-10. Atenolol appears safe in sepsis, has no deleterious cardiovascular or renal effects, and has an anti-inflammatory effect.
Shift in GATA3 functions, and GATA3 mutations, control progression and clinical presentation in breast cancer
Authors: Cohen Helit , Ben-Hamo Rotem , Gidoni Moriah , Yitzhaki Ilana , Kozol Renana , Zilberberg Alona , Efroni Sol
Published: November 2014

Introduction

GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) is a regulator of mammary luminal cell differentiation, and an estrogen receptor (ER) associated marker in breast cancer. Tumor suppressor functions of GATA3 have been demonstrated primarily in basal-like breast cancers. Here, we focused on its function in luminal breast cancer, where GATA3 is frequently mutated, and its levels are significantly elevated.

Methods

GATA3 target genes were identified in normal- and luminal cancer- mammary cells by ChIP-seq, followed by examination of the effects of GATA3 expressions and mutations on tumorigenesis-associated genes and processes. Additionally, mutations and expression data of luminal breast cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas were analyzed to characterize genetic signatures associated with GATA3 mutations.

Results

We show that some GATA3 effects shift from tumor suppressing to tumor promoting during tumorigenesis, with deregulation of three genes, BCL2, DACH1, THSD4, representing major GATA3-controlled processes in cancer progression. In addition, we identify an altered activity of mutant GATA3, and distinct associated genetic signatures. These signatures depend on the functional domain mutated; and, for a specific subgroup, are shared with basal-like breast cancer patients, who are a clinical group with regard to considerations of mode of treatment.

Conclusions

The GATA3 dependent mechanisms may call for special considerations for proper prognosis and treatment of patients.
Erratum to: Validation of 1-hour post-thyroidectomy parathyroid hormone level in predicting hypocalcemia
Authors: Le Trung N , Kerr Paul D , Sutherland Donna E , Lambert Pascal
Published: November 2014

No abstract
Cantillon on Profit and Interest: New Insights from Other Versions of His Writings
Authors: van den Berg Richard
Published: November 2014

Modern disagreements about the question to what extent Richard Cantillon anticipated the classical theory of profit and interest are, at least to some extent, due to ambiguities in his writings. New insights into his thinking can be obtained from considering, besides the French Essai, relevant passages from the English versions of Cantillon’s writings. Two kinds of development can be seen in his writings. The first kind of development, internal to each of the versions of his work, is due to the way in which Cantillon builds up his theories. Since he typically starts from a simple situation, the association of the income category “profit” with the function of the provision of capital is only made later in his work. The other development can be seen between the versions. While relevant passages in Philip Cantillon’s Analysis of Trade offer less developed arguments than the Essai, formulations found in Malachy Postlethwayt’s Universal Dictionary sometimes go beyond what we find in the French text. One passage in particular shows that Cantillon was in a sense groping toward a notion of profit as a return on capital that was closer to the classical conception.
Borderline Intellectual Functioning: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Peltopuro Minna , Ahonen Timo , Kaartinen Jukka , Seppälä Heikki , Närhi Vesa
Published: November 2014

The literature related to people with borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) was systematically reviewed in order to summarize the present knowledge. Database searches yielded 1,726 citations, and 49 studies were included in the review. People with BIF face a variety of hardships in life, including neurocognitive, social, and mental health problems. When adults with BIF were compared with the general population, they held lower-skilled jobs and earned less money. Although some risk factors (e.g., low birth weight) and preventive factors (e.g., education) were reported, they were not specific to BIF. The review finds that, despite the obvious everyday problems, BIF is almost invisible in the field of research. More research, societal discussion, and flexible support systems are needed.
Before Itard: Intellectual Disability and the Enlightened Voice of Daniel Defoe
Authors: Smith J. David , Polloway Edward A.
Published: November 2014

Although positive regard for the needs of people with disabilities was apparently uncommon by many accounts prior to the 20th century, this may be a misconception of history. There were likely many people who responded to the needs of their family members and others in need of assistance because of their disablities, and their physical and emotional proximity. This, however, if so, is not easily discernable in historical records. Few and rare voices raised that endeavored to inform and inspire others toward humane treatment and educational interventions for people with disabilities have been documented. This rarity was particulary true for those considered to have an intellectual disability. Evidence of advocacy in disbility history are difficult to find. When found they have been embraced as critical to understanding the development of the field of developmental disabilities. A famous example is the work of Jean Itard. The proposals of the well-known author, Daniel Defoe, however, are also notable for his forward-thinking writing as it related to how society should respond to the needs of people with disabilities. A review of his work provides important examples of a philosophy of advocacy and education that preceded the work of Itard by approximately 75 years but that has rarely been acknowledged. This manuscript highlights and discusses several of these important works and provides a context for Defoe's contributions.
Los legajos escolares en el proceso de construcción de los problemas del alumnado
Authors: Cimolai Silvina
Published: November 2014

Los legajos escolares de alumnos que están presentando algún tipo de problemas en su desempeño escolar suelen ser un aspecto olvidado a la hora de analizar las prácticas de intervención con dichos alumnos. Aunque son comúnmente utilizados como fuentes de información para diferentes investigaciones, en muy pocas ocasiones se los ha considerado como parte del objeto de estudio mismo. Esta investigación partió de reconocer que los legajos escolares no son sólo documentos que almacenan información sobre las intervenciones con estos alumnos, sino que en su carácter de instrumento de mediación de estas prácticas de diagnóstico y tratamiento tienen una participación inherente en las formas en que se definen los problemas del alumnado. El artículo detalla las diferentes categorizaciones construidas en este estudio descriptivo-exploratorio con respecto a los componentes que integran los legajos, los actores y las voces que se hacen presentes en ellos, las formas de etiquetar los problemas, los instrumentos utilizados y las diferentes dimensiones que se contemplan para construir y explicar las problemáticas. El análisis se hizo sobre la base de 127 legajos construidos a lo largo de tres ciclos lectivos en dos escuelas públicas de Educación General Básica (EGB) del Conurbano Bonaerense, teniendo en cuenta también la normativa y entrevistas con diferentes actores involucrados.
Mathematical modeling of drying passion fruit peel and influence of temperature on color, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity
Authors: Spoladore Sabrina Fortini , Bissaro Camila Andressa , Vieira Tatiane Francielli , Vieira da Silva Marcos , Isidoro Haminiuk Charles Windson , Demczuk Jr Bogdan
Published: November 2014

The passion fruit peel is a byproduct from juice industry and when it is not discarded or used as fertilizer or feed, can serve as raw material for industry pectin or other  functional ingredients, due to its high fiber content and minerals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of drying temperature on the characteristics of color, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of passion fruit peel. We also analyzed the ability of some mathematical models in representing the drying. The product reached constant humidity at 240 minutes for drying at 90 °C, 300 minutes to 80 ºC, 390 minutes to 70 ºC and 360 minutes to 60 ºC. The Page model was the best to represent the process at all temperatures studied (R2 from 0.982 to 0.998). Significant color variations were observed during the trial at different temperatures. The total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity identified in fresh samples also showed variations in their levels at the end of the drying process. A decrease in antioxidant capacity occurred and an increasing in the phenolic compounds with higher temperature.

DOI: 10.14685/rebrapa.v5i2.163

 
Evidence of Crohn’s disease-related anti-glycoprotein 2 antibodies in patients with celiac disease
Authors: Roggenbuck Dirk , Vermeire Severine , Hoffman Ilse , Reinhold Dirk , Schierack Peter , Goihl Alexander , von Arnim Ulrike , De Hertogh Gert , Polymeros Dimitrios , Bogdanos Dimitrios P. , Bossuyt Xavier
Published: November 2014

Autoantibodies to exocrine-pancreatic glycoprotein 2 (anti-GP2) are Crohn’s disease (CD) markers. However, CD-specific antibodies have also been found in celiac-disease (CeD) patients, in which type 1 diabetes-specific autoantibodies against endocrine pancreatic targets can be present. We investigated whether anti-GP2 are also present in CeD, a disease like CD which is also characterised by intestinal mucosal inflammation with barrier impairment.

Antibodies against GP2, tissue transglutaminase (tTG), deamidated gliadin (dGD), glutamic decarboxylase (GAD), and islet antigen-2 (IA2) were tested in sera from 73 CD patients, 90 blood donors (BD), and 79 (58 de novo) CeD patients (2 consecutive sera were available from 40 patients).

IgA and/or IgG anti-GP2 were found in 15/79 (19.0%) CeD patients on at least one occasion, in 25/73 (34.2%) CD patients, and in 4/90 (4.4%) BD (CeD vs. CD, p=0.042; BD vs. CeD and CD, p<0.001, respectively). Amongst the 58 de novo CeD patients, anti-GP2 IgA and/or IgG were present in 11 (19.0%). Anti-GP2 IgA was significantly less prevalent in CeD compared with CD (p=0.004). Anti-GP2 IgA and IgG in CD patients demonstrated a significantly higher median level compared to patients with CeD (p<0.001, p=0.008, respectively). IgA anti-GP2 levels correlated significantly with IgA anti-tTG and anti-dGD levels in CeD Spearman’s coefficient of rank correlation (ρ)=0.42, confidence interval (CI): 0.26–0.56, p<0.001; ρ=0.54, CI 0.39–0.65, p<0.001, respectively.

The presence of anti-GP2 in CeD patients supports the notion that loss of tolerance to GP2 can probably be a manifestation of an autoinflammatory process in this intestinal disorder.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), substance use disorders, and criminality: a difficult problem with complex solutions
Authors: Knecht Carlos , de Alvaro Raquel , Martinez-Raga Jose , Balanza-Martinez Vicent
Published: November 2014

The association between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and criminality has been increasingly recognized as an important societal concern. Studies conducted in different settings have revealed high rates of ADHD among adolescent offenders. The risk for criminal behavior among individuals with ADHD is increased when there is psychiatric comorbidity, particularly conduct disorder and substance use disorder. In the present report, it is aimed to systematically review the literature on the epidemiological, neurobiological, and other risk factors contributing to this association, as well as the key aspects of the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of ADHD among offenders. A systematic literature search of electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO) was conducted to identify potentially relevant studies published in English, in peer-reviewed journals. Studies conducted in various settings within the judicial system and in many different countries suggest that the rate of adolescent and adult inmates with ADHD far exceeds that reported in the general population; however, underdiagnosis is common. Similarly, follow-up studies of children with ADHD have revealed high rates of criminal behaviors, arrests, convictions, and imprisonment in adolescence and adulthood. Assessment of ADHD and comorbid condition requires an ongoing and careful process. When treating offenders or inmates with ADHD, who commonly present other comorbid psychiatric disorder complex, comprehensive and tailored interventions, combining pharmacological and psychosocial strategies are likely to be needed.
Effect of Powder Mixed Electrical Discharge Machining (PMEDM) on Difficult-to-machine Materials – a Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Sharma Rajiv , Singh Jagdeep
Published: November 2014

The last decade has witnessed an increasing interest in the novel applications of electrical discharge machining (EDM) process. Due to the continuous efforts by the researchers many innovations have been made to improve the performance of EDM process. Among various EDM variants, powder EDM is one of the successful technique, which shows the considerable improvement in the performance of EDM by increasing the MRR and surface finish as both of these responses are mainly considered by the industries. Despite the better processing results, powder mixed EDM process is used in industry at slow pace. Therefore, with a vast future scope of powder EDM in areas of machining and surface modification of difficult-to-machine materials, authors in this paper explored all the parameters and terms related with powder mixed EDM process. The main aim of the paper is to help the researchers to understand this concept thoroughly and research the process parameters further in more details to get more improvements in the process resulting in achieving desired quality levels.
The machiavellianists: Skilled decision makers. Neural correlates of cognitive heuristics in a social dilemma dilemma situation
Authors: Bereczkei Tamás , Deák Anita , Papp Péter , Perlaki Gábor , Orsi Gergely
Published: November 2014

A machiavellista személyek sikeresen használnak ki másokat, annak ellenére, hogy hiányosságokat mutatnak a szociális megismerés különböző területein, különösen az elmeolvasásban. A közelmúlt kutatásai kimutatták, hogy rendkívül szenzitívek a szociálisdilemmahelyzetek társas jelzéseire, és képesek arra, hogy rugalmas döntéseket hozzanak a változó szituációkban. A kérdés az, hogy milyen kognitív képességek és ezek neurális alapjai a felelősek a machiavellisták döntési folyamataiért? Feltételeztük, hogy a magas Machpontszámmal rendelkező személyek fokozott aktivitást mutatnak azokon az agyi területeken, amelyek fontos szerepet játszanak a jutalomkeresésben, a kockázatos helyzetek előrejelzésében és a következtetések levonásában. E hipotézis ellenőrzésére fMRI-méréseket végeztünk olyan személyeknél, akik egyidejűleg egy bizalom játékban működtek közre. A hipotézissel egybehangzóan magas aktivitási szintet találtunk a machiavelliánus személyek talamuszában, anterior cinguláris kérgében, továbbá az alsó és középső frontális tekervényben. Ezek az eredmények azt mutatják, hogy noha a machiavellisták az átlagosnál valószínűleg roszszabb elmeolvasó képességgel rendelkeznek, olyan kognitív heurisztikákat használnak döntéseikben, amelyek sikeressé teszik őket mások kihasználásában. Sikerük abból fakadhat, hogy folyamatosan monitorozzák a többiek viselkedését, és ahhoz igazítják döntéseiket, annak érdekében, hogy növeljék hasznukat.
Monetary channels of social inclusion: a case study of basic income and the Caixa Econômica Federal in Brazil
Authors: Mettenheim Kurt Eberhart von , Lima Maria Fernanda Freire de
Published: November 2014

This article reports evidence of new monetary channels for social inclusion involving basic income policies and the Caixa Econômica Federal, a Brazilian government savings bank. Since the Plano Real (Brazilian currency) and the liberalization of banking in the 1990s, the realization of competitive advantages by the Caixa as social policy agent and the importance of citizenship cards differ from existing theories of bank change, financial inclusion and monetary policy. Multi-method research reveals the importance of 1) political theories of basic income, 2) conceptions of citizenship and social justice, and 3) a back to the future modernization of government banking. This provides alternatives to contemporary market-based banking theory, neo-liberal policies, private and non-governmental microfinance strategies, and theories in political economy about fiscal constraints to social policies. New monetary channels of change also suggest that zero sum theories about politics, monetary authority and social inclusion are amiss.
Uma análise a respeito do desenvolvimento local: o empreendedorismo social no Morro do Jaburu - Vitória (ES), Brasil
Authors: Kuyumjian Rodrigo , Souza Eloisio Moulin de , Sant'anna Sérgio Robert de
Published: November 2014

O objetivo deste artigo consiste em analisar se o empreendedorismo social, praticado no Morro do Jaburu, tem culminado em um ou mais fatores de ordem social, econômica, política, ambiental, educacional e gerencial que componham um processo de desenvolvimento local. A teoria utilizada para abordar a temática do desenvolvimento local fundamentou-se, entre outros autores, nos estudos de Franco (1995, 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2008). Utilizaram-se a pesquisa documental, entrevistas semiestruturadas e a observação direta como instrumentos de coleta de dados. As análises dos dados coletados pautaram-se na análise de conteúdo de Bardin (1977). A pesquisa concluiu que algumas das ações de empreendedorismo social praticadas implicam a catalisação de processos de desenvolvimento local na comunidade estudada.
Problema da falta de vagas em creches: matriz de loops e a priorização de causas de problemas complexos
Authors: De Sordi José Osvaldo , Nelson Reed Elliot , Galindo Pedro Reis
Published: November 2014

Dez milhões de crianças brasileiras deveriam frequentar creches, mas apenas 21% delas estão regularmente matriculadas. O problema da falta de vagas em creches foi o cenário escolhido para evidenciar a utilidade do artefato proposto: procedimentos para análise de problemas complexos, composto pela aplicação integrada entre mapa causal e matriz de loops, duas técnicas associadas aos estudos de padrões de cognição nas organizações. O artefato proposto foi testado junto a três municípios brasileiros, segundo os preceitos da abordagem design science. Causas e associações intercausais foram identificadas e priorizadas pela técnica de mapa causal e, posteriormente, interdependências entre causas foram analisadas pela técnica matriz de loops, o que alterou a priorização inicial. Evidenciou-se que para problemas complexos é fundamental identificar e analisar os loops entre loops de amplificação de desvio (loops "explosivos"). Outro resultado a destacar é a melhor compreensão de um problema complexo e socialmente relevante.
Impactos socioeconômicos do microcrédito: o caso do Nossocrédito no Espírito Santo
Authors: Caçador Sávio Bertochi
Published: November 2014

Este trabalho objetiva verificar os impactos de um programa estadual de microcrédito - o Nossocrédito do Espírito Santo - sobre indicadores socioeconômicos. Para isso são estimados três modelos distintos visando avaliar: i) se o Nossocrédito tem sido direcionado para os municípios de menor grau de desenvolvimento e/ou localizados no interior do estado; ii) se o programa tem contribuído para melhorar o desenvolvimento municipal; iii) se o Nossocrédito tem contribuído para reduzir a pobreza. As estimativas foram conduzidas com o método de mínimos quadrados ordinários e usa dados municipais de 2006 a 2010. Os principais resultados encontrados são: i) o Nossocrédito é direcionado para os municípios do interior, mas não para os de menor grau de desenvolvimento; ii) o programa contribui para a melhoria do indicador municipal de desenvolvimento utilizado; iii) o Nossocrédito não contribui para a redução da pobreza.
Efeito da intensidade de poda na produção e qualidade de frutos de pessegueiro
Authors: Gonçalves Michél Aldrighi , Cocco Carine , Vignolo Gerson Kleinick , Picolotto Luciano , Antunes Luis Eduardo Corrêa
Published: November 2014

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento vegetativo e produtivo de pessegueiros quando submetidos a variações na intensidade de desponte dos ramos durante a poda de frutificação. Foram utilizadas plantas de duas cultivares, Riograndense e Leonense, e três intensidades de poda, poda curta (retirada de 2/3 do comprimento do ramo), poda longa (retirada de 1/3 do ramo) e poda sem desponte (manutenção dos ramos íntegros). De acordo com os resultados, as plantas de 'Riograndense' apresentaram frutos com maior diâmetro, já as de 'Leonense' apresentaram maior percentual de frutificação efetiva (40,91 %), firmeza de polpa (7,70 kgf), sólidos solúveis (11,12 ºbrix) e número médio de frutos por planta (70,11). A poda denominada poda curta proporcionou maior diâmetro de frutos e maior volume de massa fresca retirada da poda em verde (3.193,75 g.planta-1). A interação 'Riograndense' e poda curta proporcionou maior percentual de frutos colhidos (91,02 %), maior massa média de frutos (141,62 g) e maior volume de massa fresca na poda de frutificação (3.188,14 g.planta-1), já a maior produtividade foi obtida em plantas de 'Riograndense', que receberam poda sem desponte (10,82 t.ha-1). Os diferentes tipos de poda influenciam no desenvolvimento das plantas, afetando o número de flores e frutos. Nas condições em que o experimento foi conduzido, podemos concluir que características como frutificação efetiva, firmeza de polpa e sólidos solúveis não são alteradas pelos diferentes tipos de poda, já as variáveis relacionadas à produtividade estão intimamente relacionadas com as variações de intensidade de poda de ramos.
Influência da matéria orgânica e do ambiente no crescimento e acúmulo de solutos em Morinda citrifolia submetida à salinidade
Authors: Souza Maria Cristina Martins Ribeiro de , Lacerda Claudivan Feitosa de , Amorim Aiala Vieira , Menezes Ademir Silva
Published: November 2014

O Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) é uma planta tolerante aos efeitos salinos e alcalinos dos solos e desenvolve-se em regiões de clima seco ou úmido. Apesar da adaptabilidade intercontinental, ainda são poucas as informações sobre sua tolerância aos sais no solo brasileiro. Baseado no exposto, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar os efeitos da água salina no crescimento inicial do Noni. Para isso, foi conduzido um experimento em vasos de polietileno com capacidade para 20 L, em Sobral, Ceará. O delineamento estatístico adotado foi em blocos ao acaso, disposto no esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, com 5 repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas pelos ambientes de cultivo (céu aberto e telado), as subparcelas pelos níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (CEa: 0,3;1,5; 3,0; 4,5 e 6,0 dS m-1) e as subsubparcelas foram representadas pela ausência e presença de matéria orgânica. Aos 110 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos (DAT), avaliaram-se: altura, massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), da raiz (MSR), total (MST) e área foliar (AF), e aos 90 (DAT) os teores foliares de solutos orgânicos. Todas as variáveis de crescimento estudadas foram afetadas negativamente pela salinidade, sendo que o efeito observado a céu aberto foi mais expressivo do que no ambiente telado. A matéria orgânica não teve efeito atenuante sobre os efeitos deletérios da salinidade em plantas de noni. O acúmulo de prolina mostrou-se um sinalizador de dano causado pelo estresse, visto que os maiores acúmulos ocorreram nas plantas que sofreram maiores reduções no crescimento.