bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tone and training: Teaching drum kit students on acoustic versus electronic instruments
Authors: West David
Published: September 2021

This article explores elements of tonal production in acoustic drums to support an argument for its use in the learning environment, as opposed to electronic drums. Aspects discussed include tonal production, range of dynamics, dynamics between components of the drum kit, articulation, specific sticks, specific types of strokes and stylistic elements. The argument focuses on describing how each of these factors work on acoustic drum kits, in what ways they differ on electronic kits and how auditory perception and training can work hand in hand with developing technical facility. Tonal quality is an important aspect for all musicians, irrespective of the instrument. An important thread in this discussion is tonal quality on the drum kit and how it is valuable in the process of training musical drummers.
ÉTICA E DIREITO EM “UMA PROVA DE AMOR”: ANÁLISE JURÍDICA SOBRE A POSSIBILIDADE DO IRMÃO SALVADOR COMO RECURSO MÉDICO
Authors: Ferraz Miriam Olivia Knopik , Meirelles Jussara Maria Leal de
Published: September 2021

Objetiva-se analisar, sob a ótica do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, a utilização do irmão salvador (savior sibling) como recurso médico. O estudo toma como referência a temática trazida pelo filme “Uma prova de amor” (My Sister’s Keeper). Parte-se, inicialmente, do método indutivo: constrói-se o problema a partir do caso trazido pela obra cinematográfica e aponta-se para o desenvolvimento jurídico atual; em um segundo momento, utiliza-se o método dedutivo, de modo a evidenciar a compreensão do debate do tema na esfera internacional e, de modo mais verticalizado, no Brasil. Para tanto, faz-se uso do raciocínio interdisciplinar próprio da Bioética e do Biodireito e da análise de aproximação entre o Direito e o Cinema, esta inspirada no movimento conhecido por Law and Literature. São objetivos específicos: examinar a temática central do filme e casos reais de irmão salvador; estabelecer o patamar atual da controvérsia ética e jurídica; traçar as discussões e entraves no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Como resultado, aponta-se que no Brasil é possível a utilização do recurso médico denominado “irmão salvador”, mas restrito à doação de células-tronco do cordão umbilical e de sangue, diante de autorização e justificativa médica; no tocante à medula óssea, somente mediante procedimento judicial, observando-se, ainda, a lógica familiar, para visar o melhor interesse do irmão salvador.
A ORDEM TRANSNACIONAL COMO FATOR DE RELATIVIZAÇÃO DA PRETENSÃO TOTALIZANTE DE PRODUÇÃO DE NORMAS JURÍDICAS PELO ESTADO
Authors: Sabóia e Silva Diego , Derani Cristiane
Published: September 2021

Este artigo possui por objeto analisar como a ordem transnacional possibilita ruptura com o imaginário de produção exclusivamente estatal das normas jurídicas. Como objetivos específicos, primeiro apresentam-se perspectivas sobre fontes do Direito, delimitando-se seu entendimento. Após, explica-se a temática das fontes esteado nos microssistemas jurídicos, desde noções sobre Direito, Estado, Instituição e relações Direito-História. Finalmente, discute-se a inclinação pelo pluralismo das fontes, corroborada pelas manifestações no contexto transnacional. Para testar essa hipótese de trabalho, utilizou-se, no estágio investigativo, o método de abordagem dedutivo, uma vez que se adotou, como ponto de partida, a teoria pluralística de fontes do Direito à luz da transnacionalidade jurídica. No momento da análise dos dados, recorreuse ao método analítico. A técnica utilizada nas fases citadas foi a biblliográfica. Como resultado, a título de considerações finais, verificou-se que a percepção plural do ordenamento jurídico ainda é acanhada, mormente em países de tradição legalista, como o Brasil. No entanto, o Direito Transnacional pode romper com esse viés unilateral, legado pelo positivismo jurídico exegético, a despeito de não ser algo necessariamente benéfico, pois foi forjado sobremaneira no ideário de romper barreiras para implantação da lógica de mercado, privilegiando coisas a pessoas.
PEGORARO, LUCIO; RINELLA, ANGELO. SISTEMAS CONSTITUCIONAIS COMPARADOS (COM A CONTRIBUIÇÃO, PARA O CAPÍTULO IX, DE SILVIA BAGNI, SERENA BALDIN, FIORAVANTE RINALDI, MASSIMO RINALDI, GIORGIA PAVANI). TRADUÇÃO DE MANUELITA HERMES, CIDADE AUTÓNOMA DE BUENOS AIRES: ASTREA; TORINO: G. GIAPPICHELLI EDITORE; SÃO PAULO: EDITORA CONTRACORRENTE, 2021
Authors: Locchi Maria Chiara
Published: September 2021

Sistemas constitucionais comparados, o livro de Lucio Pegoraro e Angelo Rinella publicado em maio de 2021, constitui a adaptação e a tradução para a língua portuguesa do manual, subscrito pelos mesmos autores, Sistemi costituzionali comparati, de 2017: uma obra de caráter manualístico, por isso em relação à qual estas páginas de resenha visam a cumprir uma função de “convite à leitura” que assinale à comunidade científica os aspectos qualificadores do manual discutido e propõem “perguntas, reflexões e considerações metodológicas e de mérito [...] causadas no resenhista a partir da leitura da obra”.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic, Inorganic and Microbial Pollutants
Present in Water by Novel Materials: A Critical Review and Present Update
Authors: Kuruvilla Elizabeth , Christy C. Freeda , Nesaraj A. Samson
Published: September 2021

Presently water pollution is the one of the major threats faced by living things all over the world. The
main cause of water pollution is its effect on the life of aquatic animals. Organic, inorganic, microbial
and other pollutants often mix with water bodies mainly due to human activities. Because of the
presence of pollutants in water, the amount of dissolved oxygen level can be decreased which in turn
affect the survival of aquatic life. The pollutant water may enter the agriculture fields and damage the
plants extensively. The methods, such as, coagulation, adsorption, foam floating, electrodialysis,
capacitive deionization, etc. are presently employed to treat the waste water. Among these methods,
heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation is considered to be a good method because of its low cost
and environmental friendliness. In this review, the decontamination of different kinds of organic,
inorganic and microbial contaminants in water with different photocatalysts process is presented.
Reduced Graphene Oxide-Resorcinol Nanocomposite: A Chemosensor for the Detection of Cerium Ions
Authors: Dmonte David John , Pandiyarajan A. , Swaminathan Rajesh , Ayyasamy Sakunthala , Bhojan Vidhya , Nandhakumar Raju
Published: September 2021

A hybrid material reduced graphene oxide based organic nanocomposite was synthesized from graphite
by modified Hummers method, which is further chemically reduced to form reduced graphene oxide
(rGO) and with resorcinol through a solvothermal process a reduced graphene oxide-resorcinol (rGO-R)
nanocomposite was obtained. The synthesized materials surface morphology and structural
compositions were studied through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM)
and their optical properties were studied through UV-visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence.
The material was further used as a fluorescent chemosensor to detect cerium ion under aqueous
conditions. The rGO-R composite’s sensing abilities were studied by following parameters viz. pH,
reversibility, time and the interference of other probable competing ions. The sensing follows both the
photo-induced electron transfer and intramolecular charge transfer processes.
A Comparative Study of Different Synthetic Methods of
Copper Metal-Organic Frameworks (Cu-MOF)
Authors: Thabede P.M. , Shooto N.D.
Published: September 2021

The metal-organic framework of copper (Cu-MOF) was prepared using the reflux method and
microwave method. The results of the two techniques were compared with each other to determine the
best method to prepare Cu-MOF. Preparation of Cu-MOF using different techniques has shown that it
influences the morphology of the MOF. The results showed that there was a correlation between the
two methods. The obtained products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM),
X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The SEM images showed that the microwave method
synthesized particles were cubic while the reflux method produced amorphous material. The XRD
spectra showed intense diffraction peaks at 2θ values of 17.61º, 20.47º, 25.34º, 29.59º, 43.01º and
their miller indices were (511), (442), (731), (751) and (662), respectively. FTIR results revealed that
the materials had functional groups such as (C=O, C-O, O-C=O and Cu-O), UV-visible results showed
optical absorption band of Cu-MOF was at 274.18 nm for the microwav and 274.41 nm for the reflux
methods. This band could be allocated to the charged transfer from the oxygen in carboxylate to Cu2+
ions.
Synthesis, Characterization, DFT Study, Molecular Modelling and
Biological Evaluation of Novel 5-Aryl-3-(pyridine-3-yl)isoxazole Hybrids as
Potent Anticancer Agents with Inhibitory Effect on Skin Cancer
Authors: Subi S. , Rose S. Viola , Fen Reji T.F. Abbs
Published: September 2021

A novel series of pyridinyl isoxazole derivatives was synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H and 13C
NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Geometrical and electronic properties of pyridinyl
isoxazole derivative was investigated by using B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) basis sets. The HOMO and LUMO
analysis was used to determine the charge transfer within the molecule. The pyridinyl isoxazole
derivatives exhibited good docking scores against liver cancer 4MMH. The results revealed clearly
compound 2b exhibited better radical scavenging ability. Among the synthesized pyridinyl isoxazole
derivatives, compound 2b was highly active on the SKMEL cell line (human skin cancer).
Preparation of Polycaprolactone-Graphene Oxide Hydrogel as Potential Drug Delivery Carrier
Authors: Dalagan J. , Barros, Jr H.
Published: September 2021

Polycaprolactone-graphene oxide (PCL-GO) hydrogel composite was prepared using a facile method
and characterized by Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
The swelling capacity of the hydrogel at varying temperature and equilibration time was also determined.
IR analysis revealed a shifting of bands, which indicates H-bonding interactions between
polycaprolactone and graphene oxide. Characteristic peaks of graphene oxide at 3500 cm-1 for -OH
stretching and peaks of polycaprolactone at 1456, 1370, 1304 cm-1 for CH2 bending vibrations were
observed. SEM images validated IR results with the occurrence of larger hollow regions, pores and
insets indicating reaction of OH groups with the polymeric chains. The swelling ratio of the PCL-GO
hydrogel was higher than polycaprolactone and graphene oxide at 4 h and 8 h equilibration time. The
swelling ratio of PCL-GO at 40 ºC and 12 h equilibration time was 4.3, which was the highest among
the swelling ratios. These data could imply that the PCL-GO prepared has the potential to be a potential
drug carrier.
Spectral and Electrochemical Sensing Studies of Unsymmetrical
Schiff Bases having Enhanced Antifungal Activity
Authors: Shunmugaperumal Selvaraj , Dhasarathan Saranya , Selvaraj Kamatchi  P , Kaliappan Ilango , Kumar Bathula Siva
Published: September 2021

Novel unsymmetrical Schiff bases comprising azomethine spin-off having ferrocene moiety at one
end and simple aromatic component attached imine at other end, capable of sensing multiple metal
ions have been synthesized. The MLCT charge transfer band in UV-Visible studies upon coordination
with metal ions with receptors is recorded particularly for Cu2+ ions. The observed ΔEp values with
change in scan rate for metal free and metal added receptor solution suggest quasi-reversible process.
Agar well diffusion method and molecular docking studies reveals that the synthesized compounds
inhibit more efficiently fungi rather than bacteria, which hampers the progress of microbial research,
as the available antifungal agents are minimal compared to antibacterial counterpart.
Compressibility Studies of Solvation Behaviour of Lithium and Sodium Ions in
Nitromethane + Dimethylsulfoxide Binary Mixtures at 298.15 K
Authors: Anand Hardeep , Singh Narender , Kumar Suresh , Rani Manju
Published: September 2021

The isentropic compressibilities (Ks) and apparent molal isentropic compressibilities (Ks,φ) of lithium
perchlorate (LiClO4), sodium perchlorate (NaClO4), sodium tetraphenylborate (NaBPh4),
tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylborate (Bu4NBPh4) and tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (Bu4NClO4),
have been calculated from measured ultrasonic velocity (u) and density (ρ) of these salts in the
concentration range 0.001 to 0.60 mol Kg-1 in the mixed binary solutions of nitromethane (NM) and
dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) containing 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mol% of DMSO in NM at 298.15 K.
Limiting values of apparent molal isentropic compressibilities (K°s,φ) for various salts were evaluated
and split into the contributions (K°s,φ)± of the individual ions. Exceptionally large and negative (K°s,φ)±
values were obtained whose variation with solvent composition shows strong solvation of both Li+
and Na+ in NM + DMSO mixtures at all compositions of the mixed binary solutions. Solvation of Li+
and Na+ increases as mol% of DMSO in NM increases. Solvation exhibited by Li+, however, is much
stronger than Na+ in all compositions of the mixtures. Solvation exhibited by ClO4
– in NM + DMSO
mixtures is weak which perchlorate ion shows by having some interactions with DMSO in the
DMSO-rich compositions of the mixtures. The large and positive values for Bu4N+ and Ph4B– are
indicative of some special type of interactions, mainly solvophobic with the solvent molecules.
To Analyse the Resistance and Tolerance of several Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) Bacteria:
Authors: Nandi Amartya , BATRA NAVNEET , SHARMA KANAV , PURI BHASKAR R. , PURI BHAVANA M. , . KASHISH
Published: September 2021

Antimicrobial resistance has become a serious problem for physicians around the world when it comes to treating patients. As a result, short-term research was carried out by us to determine the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial isolates and to study the mechanism of escaping the antibiotics. Methods and Materials In the department of microbiology, clinical samples were grown and bacterial strains were discovered. To determine we have studied several strains of clinically established MDR bacteria and analyzed their genome sequences to get the answers to the tolerance and resistance of MDR bacteria.
Estudo da temperatura de fusão e solubilidade dos cristais de lactose em leite condensado utilizando microscopia óptica e espectroscopia Raman
Authors: Alves Natália Maria Germano , Gomes Elisângela Ramieres , Pereira João Pablo Fortes , Perrone Ítalo Tuler , Oliveira Luiz Fernando Cappa de , Stephani Rodrigo
Published: September 2021

O estudo dos parâmetros físico-químicos como a temperatura de fusão e a solubilidade dos cristais de lactose no leite condensado justifica-se pela necessidade de solubilização de cristais de lactose em algumas etapas do processamento deste produto nas indústrias bem como a ausência destes dados na literatura científica. A presença de grandes cristais de lactose no leite condensado é indesejável ao consumidor final, comprometendo assim a qualidade sensorial do produto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a temperatura de fusão dos cristais de lactose e a proporção ajustada da solução de reprocessamento, composta da mistura de leite condensado/diluente, fornecendo duas metodologias alternativas para aperfeiçoar a qualidade do produto. Utilizou-se um sistema controlador de temperatura acoplado ao microscópio óptico para acompanhar a rampa de aquecimento até a fusão efetiva dos cristais de lactose nas amostras de leite condensado, soluções de reprocessamento e na solução diluente, onde obteve-se a temperatura média de fusão dos cristais no leite condensado que foi de 83,3 °C. Utilizou-se a análise microscópica nas amostras e a partir das micrografias das soluções de reprocessamento, pode concluir que a amostra T20 seria a mais adequada para corrigir o defeito de arenosidade. A partir do espectro Raman observou-se o perfil espectroscópico de todas as amostras e atribuiu-se às bandas características de cristalização dos açúcares. Desta forma, foi possível determinar os parâmetros de temperatura e diluição para o reprocessamento do leite condensado visando minimizar o problema da arenosidade.
THE SYSTEM OF FORMATION OF HISTORICAL PERCEPTION IN PRESCHOOL CHILDHOOD AND PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS OF ITS EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION
Authors:   Kindergarten No. 422, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Nikolskaya O.D. , Cherkasova E.D. ,   The English Club, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Published: September 2021

In today's rapidly changing world, the value of history education is undeniable. The article reveals the importance of the formation of historical perception in preschool childhood with the aim to develop temporal and spatial representations, fostering respect for the culture of peoples that inhabit native land, for their traditions and lifestyles. The conceptual apparatus is defined that includes “historical perception in preschool childhood”, “the system of formation of historical perception in preschool childhood”, “pedagogical conditions”. The purpose of the article is to determine the system for the formation of historical perception in preschool childhood, to consider and determine the pedagogical conditions for the effective implementation of this system in preschool education. To achieve this goal the methods of system analysis and modeling were used. The article substantiates the need to use a complex of pedagogical conditions, the implementation of which will contribute to the formation of historical perception in preschool childhood. The pedagogical conditions are calendar planning with the introduction of the historical aspect into the educational process of a preschool educational organization; project activities. For the first time, these pedagogical conditions were considered as a unity. The result of the research is the system for the formation of historical perception in preschool childhood that can be used in the work of preschool educational organizations and organizations of additional education to form historical perception in preschool childhood in the context of the continuity of the system of historical education.
MOBILIDADE CORPORATIVA - DESAFIOS PARA ELABORAÇÃO E IMPLEMENTAÇÃO NO BRASIL
Authors: Sousa Luiz Penha , Silva Carolina Alves Arrais da , Baltar Marina Leite de Barros
Published: September 2021

Os congestionamentos nas áreas urbanas durante os horários de pico estão diretamente relacionados aos deslocamentos por motivos de trabalho. Este fato revela as empresas como uma potencial fonte capaz de auxiliar os gestores públicos na gestão da demanda por viagens (GDV). Nesse sentido, surge o conceito de mobilidade corporativa, ainda pouco difundido e explorado no Brasil. Com base em experiências internacionais, os empregadores podem obter dados essenciais ao desenvolvimento de planos de transportes, como informações dos fluxos diários de origem-destino, geralmente obtidos por custosas pesquisas domiciliares. Os planos de mobilidade corporativa (PMC) mostram-se uma boa forma de GDV a ser aplicada em grandes cidades. Paralelamente, alguns países incentivam estas atitudes através de políticas públicas conhecidas como Trip Reduction Ordinances (TRO), existentes desde a década de 80 nos Estados Unidos.  Este trabalho tem como objetivo pesquisar as melhores práticas de mobilidade corporativa encontradas em cidades dos Estados Unidos e de países da Europa, bem como a bibliografia dos autores mais relevantes neste tema. Foram identificadas as principais possibilidades de aplicação de PMCs e TROs em regiões metropolitanas brasileiras, bem como as barreiras que serão encontradas para a efetividade e eficácia dessas medidas. Destaca-se a necessidade de mais estudos relacionados à elaboração e implementação de políticas de mobilidade corporativa nas cidades brasileiras.
MODELO DE AUTOMATIZAÇÃO DO CALIBRADOR FLUKE MODELO 5720A E DO MULITÍMETRO DIGITAL HEWLETT PACKARD 3458A
Authors: Junior Geraldo Motta Azevedo , Da Silva Antônio José Dias , Pinheiro André Luis Da Silva , De Oliveira Lucas Rabelo
Published: September 2021

RESUMO

Sabe-se que na Engenharia, o uso de instrumentos capazes de realizar medições corretas é de suma importância. Logo o objetivo deste estudo é propor um método de calibração automatizada para o calibrador fluke modelo 5720A e do multímetro digital hewlett packard 3458ª, ambos usados em medições de correntes e tensões elétricas. Para isso foi usado a interface GPIB do padrão de referência no instrumento sob calibração e o software LabView. Como resultado, após coleta dos valores aferidos, gerou-se uma planilha comparativa com calibrações validadas de períodos passados. O método proposto mostrou maior otimização do tempo de calibração, melhora da qualidade e segurança dos resultados, tornando-o mais eficiente.
INDÚSTRIA 4.0: REVOLUÇÃO E IMPACTO NO MUNDO MODERNO
Authors: Chimielewski Adão Maciel Monteiro , Da Silva Antônio José Dias , Leite José Roberto Emiliano
Published: September 2021

Um grande desafio tecnológico começa a se tornar realidade no mundo atual, pois já está causando um grande impacto em toda a humanidade. Esta revolução é conhecida como a quarta revolução industrial ou indústria 4.0, a qual teremos bilhões de pessoas conectadas por dispositivos móveis, com poder de processamento, recursos de armazenamento e acesso ao conhecimento sem limites.  Essa nova onda tecnológica incluirá diversas áreas: inteligência artificial (IA), robótica avançada, internet das coisas (IoT, na sigla em inglês), veículos autônomos, big data, armazenamento em nuvem, realidade aumentada, sistemas cyber físicos, segurança digital, impressão 3D, entre outras. O objetivo desse trabalho é mostrar historicamente como as revoluções industriais vieram evoluindo desde a 1ª até a 4ª revolução ou Indústria 4.0. A partir daí, definir seu conceito, explicar cada tecnologia que a envolve, dar exemplo de aplicações e analisar os impactos em vários setores. Para isso foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico de artigos publicados no Portal de Periódicos da Capes, nos últimos dez anos. Por consequência observou-se que essa nova tecnologia vem sendo cada vez mais incorporada pelas grandes empresas, como uma nova tendência a ser explorada, possibilitando mais segurança e produtividade.
Synchronization of pulsed and continuous-wave IMPATT oscillators in the millimeter wavelength range. Part 2. Stabilizing microwave parameters of synchronized generators
Authors: Karushkin M. F.
Published: September 2021

This is the second part of the two-part article, which summarizes the state-of-the-art results in the development of synchronized oscillators based on IMPATT (IMPact ionization Avalanche Transit-Time) diodes. The first part of the paper presented the electrodynamic design of oscillators, which contain a resonant oscillatory system with silicon IMPATT diodes and are synchronized by an external source of microwave oscillations. The second part of the paper considers the methods for stabilizing the parameters of IMPATT oscillators, which make it possible to create coherent power sources in the millimeter wavelength range. The specifics of pulse generators lies in the change in frequency within the microwave pulse relative to the change in temperature, which leads to a change in the impedance of the diode and thus to a phase change with respect to the synchronizing signal. Phase modulation is reduced or completely eliminated (which is necessary to ensure the coherence of the microwave transmitter) by using current compensation, i.e., by using the control current pulse with a special shape. The study demonstrates the expediency of introducing additional heating of the semiconductor structure of the IMPATT diode, which allows the initial temperature of the IMPATT diode in the region of the leading edge of each pulse to remain virtually constant and independent of the ambient temperature. Using these methods on silicon double-drift IMPATT diodes allowed creating synchronized oscillators with high frequency stability and an output power level from 20 to 150 W, which have a high degree of coherence in the synchronization mode with an external signal. The paper also presents the designs and parameters of coherent microwave power sources in the short-wave part of the millimeter wavelength range using the nonlinear properties of the IMPATT diodes in the radio-pulse conversion mode. This mode makes it possible to provide the output power level of the signal at the n-th harmonic Pout ≈1/n, which significantly exceeds the achieved characteristics of the frequency multipliers with charge accumulation, where Pout ≈ 1/n2. The output power of such devices is achieved at the level of 50–20 mW in the 75–180 GHz frequency range with a frequency multiplication factor of 1–15.
Visual and Tactile Sensory Systems Share Common Features in Object Recognition
Authors: Tabrik Sepideh , Behroozi Mehdi , Schlaffke Lara , Heba Stefanie , Lenz Melanie , Lissek Silke , Güntürkün Onur , Dinse Hubert R. , Tegenthoff Martin
Published: September 2021

Although we use our visual and tactile sensory systems interchangeably for object recognition on a daily basis, little is known about the mechanism underlying this ability. This study examined how 3D shape features of objects form two congruent and interchangeable visual and tactile perceptual spaces in healthy male and female participants. Since active exploration plays an important role in shape processing, a virtual reality environment was used to visually explore 3D objects called digital embryos without using the tactile sense. In addition, during the tactile procedure, blindfolded participants actively palpated a 3D-printed version of the same objects with both hands. We first demonstrated that the visual and tactile perceptual spaces were highly similar. We then extracted a series of 3D shape features to investigate how visual and tactile exploration can lead to the correct identification of the relationships between objects. The results indicate that both modalities share the same shape features to form highly similar veridical spaces. This finding suggests that visual and tactile systems might apply similar cognitive processes to sensory inputs that enable humans to rely merely on one modality in the absence of another to recognize surrounding objects.
CaMKII Modulates Diacylglycerol Lipase-α Activity in the Rat Nucleus Accumbens after Incubation of Cocaine Craving
Authors: Murray Conor H. , Gaulden Andrew D. , Kawa Alex B. , Milovanovic Mike , Caccamise Aaron J. , Funke Jonathan R. , Patel Sachin , Wolf Marina E.
Published: September 2021

Relapse is a major challenge to the treatment of substance use disorders. A progressive increase in cue-induced drug craving, termed incubation of craving, is observed after withdrawal from multiple drugs of abuse in humans and rodents. Incubation of cocaine craving involves the strengthening of excitatory synapses onto nucleus accumbens (NAc) medium spiny neurons via postsynaptic accumulation of high-conductance Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors. This enhances reactivity to drug-associated cues and is required for the expression of incubation. Additionally, incubation of cocaine craving is associated with loss of the synaptic depression normally triggered by stimulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5), leading to endocannabinoid production, and expressed presynaptically via cannabinoid receptor 1 activation. Previous studies have found alterations in mGlu5 and Homer proteins associated with the loss of this synaptic depression. Here we conducted coimmunoprecipitation studies to investigate associations of diacylglycerol lipase-α (DGL), which catalyzes formation of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG), with mGlu5 and Homer proteins. Although these interactions were unchanged in the NAc core at incubation-relevant withdrawal times, the association of DGL with total and phosphorylated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) and CaMKIIβ was increased. This would be predicted, based on other studies, to inhibit DGL activity and therefore 2-AG production. This was confirmed by measuring DGL enzymatic activity. However, the magnitude of DGL inhibition did not correlate with the magnitude of incubation of craving for individual rats. These results suggest that CaMKII contributes to the loss of mGlu5-dependent synaptic depression after incubation, but the functional significance of this loss remains unclear.
A Neurocomputational Model for Intrinsic Reward
Authors: Chew Benjamin , Blain Bastien , Dolan Raymond J. , Rutledge Robb B.
Published: September 2021

Standard economic indicators provide an incomplete picture of what we value both as individuals and as a society. Furthermore, canonical macroeconomic measures, such as GDP, do not account for non-market activities (e.g., cooking, childcare) that nevertheless impact well-being. Here, we introduce a computational tool that measures the affective value of experiences (e.g., playing a musical instrument without errors). We go on to validate this tool with neural data, using fMRI to measure neural activity in male and female human subjects performing a reinforcement learning task that incorporated periodic ratings of subjective affective state. Learning performance determined level of payment (i.e., extrinsic reward). Crucially, the task also incorporated a skilled performance component (i.e., intrinsic reward) which did not influence payment. Both extrinsic and intrinsic rewards influenced affective dynamics, and their relative influence could be captured in our computational model. Individuals for whom intrinsic rewards had a greater influence on affective state than extrinsic rewards had greater ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activity for intrinsic than extrinsic rewards. Thus, we show that computational modeling of affective dynamics can index the subjective value of intrinsic relative to extrinsic rewards, a “computational hedonometer” that reflects both behavior and neural activity that quantifies the affective value of experience.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTraditional economic indicators are increasingly recognized to provide an incomplete picture of what we value as a society. Standard economic approaches struggle to accurately assign values to non-market activities that nevertheless may be intrinsically rewarding, prompting a need for new tools to measure what really matters to individuals. Using a combination of neuroimaging and computational modeling, we show that despite their lack of instrumental value, intrinsic rewards influence subjective affective state and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activity. The relative degree to which extrinsic and intrinsic rewards influence affective state is predictive of their relative impacts on neural activity, confirming the utility of our approach for measuring the affective value of experiences and other non-market activities in individuals.
Lake water dissolved inorganic carbon dynamics revealed from monthly measurements of radiocarbon in the Fuji Five Lakes, Japan
Authors: Ota Kosuke , Yokoyama Yusuke , Miyairi Yosuke , Yamamoto Shinya , Miyajima Toshihiro
Published: September 2021

Lakes are sensitive recorders of anthropogenic activities, as human society often develops in their vicinity. Lake sediments thus have been widely used to reconstruct the history of environmental changes in the past, anthropogenic, or otherwise, and radiocarbon dating provides chronological control of the samples. However, specific values of radiocarbon in different carbon reservoirs due to the different pathways of radiocarbon from the upper atmosphere to the lake, called the radiocarbon reservoir age, is always difficult to evaluate because of dynamic processes in and around lakes. There are few systematic studies on radiocarbon reservoir ages for lakes owing to the complex radiocarbon transfer processes for lakes. Here, we investigate lake waters of the Fuji Five Lakes with monthly monitoring of the radiocarbon reservoir effects. Radiocarbon from dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) for groundwater and river water is also measured, with resulting concentrations (Δ14C) at their lowest at Lake Kawaguchi in August 2018 (–122.4 ± 3.2‰), and at their highest at Lake Motosu in January 2019 (–22.4 ± 2.5‰), despite a distance of 25 km. However, winter values in both lakes show similar trends of rising Δ14C (about 20‰). Our lake water DIC Δ14C results are compared to previously published records obtained from sediments in Lake Motosu and Lake Kawaguchi. These suggest that total organic carbon and compound-specific radiocarbon found in sediments are heavily influenced by summer blooms of aquatic organisms that fix DIC in water. Thus, future studies to conduct similar analyses at the various lakes would be able to provide further insights into the carbon cycle around inland water, namely understanding the nature of radiocarbon reservoir ages.
Maternidad subrogada en españa: un análisis a partir de la práctica registral y jurisprudencial
Authors: Moreno Robles Dolores
Published: September 2021

En este trabajo se analiza el efecto que tiene en España la filiación determinada en el extranjero a través un contrato de gestación subrogada. Desde que la que DGRN procediera en 2009, de forma pionera, a la inscripción de dicha filiación al optar por el método del reconocimiento, la práctica registral parece consolidarse en esa dirección. Sin embargo, a esto se enfrenta la visión de los tribunales españoles, que denegarán este reconocimiento destacando algunos puntos problemáticos, como no superación de requisito del orden público, la existencia de fraude de ley y la protección del interés del menor a través de otras opciones de reconstrucción de la relación familiar. Estas decisiones judiciales parecen ser compatibles con los pronunciamientos del TEDH, que, sin obligar a los Estados miembros al reconocimiento, se centra en el respecto de los vínculos familiares ya consolidados y su continuidad. La nueva Ley 20/2011 del Registro Civil parece adherirse a la práctica registral, sin aportar ninguna solución jurídica al problema.
Leczenie interwencyjne bólu u chorych na nowotwory. Zabiegi wykonywane ambulatoryjnie
Authors: Góraj Elwira
Published: September 2021

Pacjenci z chorobą nowotworową powinni mieć możliwość uzyskania leczenia bólu metodami interwencyjnymi, niezależnie od miejsca zamieszkania. Ważne jest, aby lekarze podejmujący się leczenia zabiegowego dysponowali wystarczającą wiedzą odnośnie tego, kiedy stosowane techniki mogą być realną alternatywą leczenia, a kiedy niepotrzebnym narażeniem pacjenta na dyskomfort i stres, bez istotnych korzyści terapeutycznych. W niniejszej pracy omówione zostały wybrane metody interwencyjne, najczęściej stosowane w leczeniu bólu nowotworowego i możliwe do wykonania w sali zabiegowej przychodni. Do najczęściej wykonywanych w poradni leczenia bólu Narodowego Instytutu Onkologii w Warszawie należą: blokady centralne, blokady międzyżebrowe, blokada nadłopatkowa, blokada stawu krzyżowo-biodrowego, ostrzykiwanie punktów spustowych. W pracy nie zostały omówione blokady regionalne stosowane w anestezjologii oraz znieczulenia pojedynczych nerwów obwodowych, ponieważ ta tematyka wykracza poza ramy niniejszej publikacji. Część metod została włączona do codziennej praktyki leczenia bólu, inne stosowane są rzadko lub dopiero wdrażane, w związku z czym literatura dotycząca omawianego zagadnienia nie jest obszerna.
An exploratory study of composite cross-laminated timber (CCLT) made from bamboo and hemlock-fir mix
Authors: Wei Peixing , Wang Brad Jianhe , Wang Libin , Wang Yongqi , Yang Guangrong , Liu Jinhua
Published: September 2021

This work investigated the feasibility of manufacturing composite cross-laminated timber (CCLT) from bamboo and a western hemlock and amabilis fir mix (hem-fir). Bamboo parallel strand lumber (bamboo PSL) was first fabricated as the surface laminae of CCLT. No. 2 and Btr 2×6 western hem-fir dimension lumber was imported from British Columbia (BC), Canada. The lumber was then sorted and further dried to form the inner laminae of CCLT. Multiple 800 × 800-mm CLT billets were fabricated using a commercial single-component polyurethane (PUR) adhesive. Block shear and delamination tests were conducted to examine the bond quality and durability of bamboo-wood CCLT. The results demonstrated that it is technically feasible to manufacture bamboo-wood CCLT with acceptable bond quality (shear strength, wood failure percentage, etc.) and delamination. Further studies should focus on the optimization of process parameters for manufacturing and surface treatment to improve the bond quality and durability and quantify the mechanical performance of bamboo-wood CCLT with a full-size production trial.
The Influence of the Grimm Tales on the Tale Textology of László Arany
Authors: Domokos Mariann
Published: September 2021

László Arany's Eredeti népmesék (Authentic Folktales, 1862) is an iconic collection of folktales. The tales in this publication have been entrenched in the national identity as classic Hungarian folktales, and the narrative style of the tales has been established in the public consciousness as the narrative style of Hungarian folktales. The Arany family's collection of folktales ultimately had a similar function in Hungarian culture as the Kinder- und Hausmärchen of the Brothers Grimm had in Germany, but while the text formation of the Grimm tales had been thoroughly explored by philology, the Arany tales had not been accompanied by folkloristic interpretations or in-depth philological analyses. To László Arany, the fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm were the ideal, which he indicated in his many theoretical writings as well as his role as a collector and editor of tales. To form the individual texts found in Eredeti népmesék, László Arany used the tale manuscripts transcribed by his mother and sister in the 1850s, modifying them considerably, primarily by employing stylistic devices, many of which can also be observed in the work of the Grimms. This essay examines the extent to which László Arany's editorial and text formation practices were determined by the textological practice developed by the Brothers Grimm, and ultimately the extent to which the stylistic ideals of fairy tales developed by the Grimms contributed to the development of the written, literary version of Hungarian folktales.
From Buddhist Story to Heroic Epic: A Comparative Study of the Epic of Geser and the Mulian Story
Authors: Kwanghun Jung , Hyunju Kim
Published: September 2021

This paper compares narrative modiﬁcation in the Mongolian heroic epic The Epic of Geser with that of the Buddhist Mulian story. The Mulian story, in which the protagonist saves his mother from the underworld gained widespread popularity in its time. Mulian Bianwen from the Tang dynasty, presents the scenes from the story in a very dramatic manner. The Mongolian Geser epic uses this motif but adapts the story to ﬁt the characteristics of a heroic epic for nomadic people. Heroic epics must contain motifs that depict the image of their protagonist to present a collection of exemplary characters. To create a complete heroic epic, the story of Geser absorbed a religious story from another culture that was very popular at the time. In the present study, ﬁve scenes common to The Epic of Geser and the Mulian story are analysed to investigate how the original Buddhist story became a part of the heroic epic. This analysis considers the ways in which identical story motifs can be used for the different purposes according to the nature of the literary work.
First records of the diving beetles Hydrovatus subrotundatus Motschulsky, 1859 and Hydrovatus pudicus (Clark, 1863) in Taiwan (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Hydroporinae, Hydrovatini)
Authors: Wang Liang-Jong , Hendrich Lars , Balke Michael
Published: September 2021

We provide the first records of the diving beetles Hydrovatus subrotundatus Motschulsky, 1859 and Hydrovatus pudicus (Clark, 1863) from Taiwan. They are otherwise widespread in Southeast Asia. The habitats of both species and the associated diving beetle fauna are briefly described. Altogether eight species of the genus Hydrovatus are now recorded from Taiwan, raising the number of Taiwanese dytiscid species to 68.
The Illustrations of Indigenization of Islam in Indonesian Cultural Landscape
Authors: Truna Dody S.
Published: September 2021

This study discusses how religious development in Indonesia has resulted in switching the function of purity to non-purity in religious practices. Using a phenomenological approach, this review finds that some Muslims maintain their purity for various reasons, but some mix their beliefs with the local culture. This situation leads to the following study on a macro scale about Islam's indigenization in Indonesia's cultural landscape. This study found a relatively high cultural acculturation between Islam as a global religion and local Indonesian culture. The community reinforces this acculturation by promoting traditional leaders and the need for a sense of security that has been embedded in local communities.
Украинофильство как примечательная черта медиаобраза польско-украинского поэта Томаша Падуры
Authors:   Государственный университет ", Баландина Надежда ,   Одесская политехника",   , Украина
Published: September 2021

The article shows the specific features of the formation of Tomasz Padura’s media image and its transformation into a symbol of the Polish-Ukrainian unity. It has been proven that the attention of the Ukrainian mass media is concentrated on the most weighty and outstanding facts of the poet’s life and work. Those facts represent several informative aspects: narrow biographical, ideological, creative, memorial, and futuristic. Each of those aspects has its content aimed at the melioration of Tomasz Padura’s image as an exemplary Polish Ukrainophile, a symbol of the Polish-Ukrainian unity. The symbolization of this image has several functions: the historical-typological one allowing to trace the main stages of the image transformation; the methodological one which stresses its significance for the contemporaries; the communicative one which ensures the continuous attention to the poet, and the marketing function promoting Tomasz Padura’s name as a brand from the point of view of the commercial success.
Łamigłówki online w nauczaniu języka rosyjskiego na studiach rusycystycznych
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Woś Magdalena
Published: September 2021

The article presents the idea of incorporating puzzles in Russian as a foreign language acquisition at the university level. The author tries to define a notion ‘didactic puzzle’, show the advantages of using online puzzles in developing and/or testing vocabulary and grammar in various topics, encouraging students to learn effectively and to motivating them in the classroom.
Export of Agricultural Products: Trends and Directions of State Support in Modern Conditions
Authors:   Federal Research Centre the Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mitrofanova Inna , Shkarupa Ekaterina ,   Volgograd State University, Batova Vera ,   Penza State Technological University
Published: September 2021

Despite the high potential of agricultural production and the fact that Russia is among the world leaders in the production of some agricultural products, today Russia often tops the rankings of the world’s leading importers rather than exporters. While earlier the main task was to meet domestic demand, now it is generally possible to speak about the solution of the food security problem in Russia. One of the key areas of the long-term strategy for the development of agro-industrial complex is the creation of conditions for the development of exports and the expansion of the structure of exported goods. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current level and trends in the development of agricultural exports, as well as to analyze key methods and priority directions of its state support. As a result of the analysis of the current level and trends in the development of agricultural exports, the main export products and main buyers were identified, the growth of agricultural exports was shown, the geography of agricultural exports was specified, measures of state support were identified. The main problems impeding the expansion of export potential of domestic agricultural production in modern conditions are as follows: poor competitiveness of exported agricultural products, insufficient level of knowledge and experience of agricultural producers to carry out export activities, shortcomings in the registration and certification of products, strict phytosanitary supervision, insufficient financing for the development of export potential. Having studied trends in the development of exports of agricultural products of the Russian Federation, its potential and opportunities for expansion were proved. For this purpose, the federal project “Export of agricultural products” was adopted and implemented. The following areas of state support for agricultural exports are defined as efficient ones: concessional lending, compensation of costs for transportation of products, compensation of costs for certification of products, support of oil crops production. It should be taken into account that the support is provided by means of financial and non-financial instruments, the list of which is constantly updated in accordance with the requests of service recipients.
Nutritional status and food consumption of patients with Parkinson disease
Authors: Fernandez Raissa Dias , Campos Jamilie Suelen dos Prazeres , Santos Thais de Oliveira Carvalho Granado
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects food intake as the disease progresses. The assessment of nutritional status is essential to identify early nutritional deficits. Objective: To investigate the nutritional status and food intake of patients diagnosed with PD. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, and quantitative study. A structured questionnaire with restricted questions was applied to identify the sociodemographic profile and anthropometric measurements were taken. To evaluate the disease stage, the modified Hoehn & Yahr scale was used. Food intake was evaluated using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The acquired information was organized in the Microsoft Office Excel 2010 program and statistical analysis was performed using the BioEstat 5.3 program. Results: The research was carried out with 40 patients; the majority was male (60%), over 60 years old (52.5%), single (55%), with a high school degree (42.5%), retirees (80%), and receiving one minimum salary (42.5%). Most were classified with eutrophic (42.5%) and overweight (42.5%). About food consumption, the most common foods were banana (60%), fish (52.5%), acerola (45%), and orange (32%). Among the high-risk foods, red meat (82.5%), fried foods (30%), heavy cream (25%), and filled sandwich cookies (25%) were the most common. Conclusions: Most patients had a high consumption of red meat and processed foods, with relevant consumption of some fruits and low consumption of grains and oilseeds. The disease stage was not associated with nutritional status.