bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF CHAOTIC FLUX REFLECTION FIELD ON HYDROGEN EVOLUTION REACTION OF WATER ELECTROLYSIS
Authors: Nugroho Willy Satrio , Esiliy Rehab Ragay , Purnami Purnami , Sofi'i Yepy Komaril
Published: February 2024

Water electrolysis promises the capability to produce green hydrogen in the future. The efficiency and hydrogen evolution reaction rate (HER) of water electrolysis can be improved through magnetic field assisted electrolysis. External magnetic field exposure improves hydrogen production without requiring complex catalyst synthesis technique. The purpose of this study is to introduce chaos into a magnetic field assisted electrolysis system which disturbs the water molecules stability. The chaos effect was triggered by irregular flux reflection technique. The flux reflection was generated using diamagnetic tourmaline stones which sticked all over the electrolyzer wall. Consequently, the rotational speed of DMF does not reduce the effectiveness of chaotic flux. As a result, the hydrogen bond of the water molecules is destabilized irregularly. In conjuction with that, the bonds are unable to be reformed which make the water molecules continuously in movement. The critical effect of chaotic flux is the shear force that experienced by water molecules. The paramagnetic OH- ion movement is also slowed down so that H+ ion and electrons interaction were occurred in less restrictive manner. Hence, the chaotic magnetic field able to improve HER.  The chaotic flux reflection improves hydrogen production in magnetic field assisted water electrolysis through water properties and ion transfer mechanism modification.
Management of Klanceng Honey Bee Cultivation (Trigona sp.) in the Telaga Lestari Forest Farmers Group (KTH), Ngebel Village, Kab. Ponorogo, East Java
Authors:   Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Brawijaya, Awwally Khotibul Umam Al
Published: February 2024

Lebah klanceng (Trigona sp) merupakan lebah yang tidak bersengat dan berasal dari negara yang memiliki kawasan iklim tropis maupun subtropics. Budidaya lebah klanceng memiliki prospek tang tinggi dan dapat menjadi ekonomi alternative untuk masyarakat di Desa Ngebel. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk mengetahui manajemen pemeliharaan lebah madu Trigona sp mulai dari pengadaan koloni, produksi, pakan dan pengolahan madu. Dalam pembudayaan lebah madu Trigona sp beberapa yang perlu disiapkan adalah lokasi budidaya, setup untuk budidaya, koloni, pakaian kerja, dan peralatan lain yang diperlukan. Metode yang digunakan pada kegiatan ini adalah observasi, partisipasi, dan wawancara dengan peternak lebah madu klanceng di wilayah KTH Telaga Sari. Dari hasil kegiatan didapatkan bahwa manajemen budidaya lebah madu klanceng harus ditingkatkan untuk meningkatkan kualitas madu klanceng yang dihasilkan, yang dapat membawa Desa Ngebel sebagai salah satu sentra produksi madu klanceng di Indonesia.
POLARIZATION AND INTERVENTION-BASED P/CVE PROGRAMS IN CANADA
Authors: Thompson Sara K.
Published: February 2024

On November 13th, 2023, Dr. Sara K. Thompson presented Polarization and Intervention-based P/CVE Programs in Canada for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The key points discussed were the typology of extremist violence, the processes of radicalization and mobilization to violence, the threat landscape in Canada, past and present (and the impact of social polarization), and the somewhat recent incorporation of prevention/intervention programming into the broader national security apparatus.

 

Received: 12-12-2023

Revised: 01-29-2024
HYBRIDITY, LAWFARE, AND UNLAWFARE IN THE MARITIME DOMAIN
Authors: Ralby Ian
Published: February 2024

On November 13, 2023, Dr. Ian Ralby presented Hybridity, Lawfare and Unlawfare in the Maritime Domain for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed were the strategic importance of the maritime domain, usage of hybrid maritime aggression by international antagonists such as China, Iran, and Russia, and strategies for countering these tactics.

 

Received: 01-14-2024

Revised: 01-26-2024
RUSSIAN INFORMATION WAR
Authors: Miron Maria
Published: February 2024

On November 14, 2023, Dr. Maria Miron presented the Russian Information War for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed were the origin of the Russian information war, Russia’s objectives, and the actors involved in Russia’s information war.

 

Received: 01-14-2024

Revised: 01-26-2024
ROLE AND PURPOSE OF NSICOP IN CANADIAN NATIONAL SECURITY
Authors: Inman Lisa-Marie , Kleniewski Jennifer
Published: February 2024

On November 17, 2023, Lisa-Marie Inman, Executive Director, Secretariat, and Jennifer Kleniewski, Senior Review Analyst and Team Lead, at the National Security and Intelligence Committee of Parliamentarians (NSICOP), presented the Role and Purpose of NSICOP in Canadian National Security for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed were the committee's mandate to provide increased parliamentary oversight over the activities of Canadian intelligence agencies, the content and release of its annual and special reports, and the nonpartisan and representative nature of the committee's composition.

 

Received: 01-04-2024

Revised: 01-26-2024
CREATIVE STRATEGIES FOR DEALING WITH DISINFORMATION
Authors: Pherson Randolph H.
Published: February 2024

On November 13, 2023, Randolph H. Pherson presented on Creative Strategies for Dealing with Disinformation for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The key points discussed were the analytical vulnerabilities that cause readers to fall victim to disinformation, strategies for countering disinformation, and the importance of reframing public perceptions of intelligence analysis.

 

Received: 01-10-2024

Revised: 01-30-2024
Diagnóstico con Escala de Somnolencia Epworth en la Escuela Militar de Cadetes
Authors: Blanco-Cruz Engel José , Charry-Pacheco Marlon Duban , Guadir-Tapia Jorsuan Andrés , Umbarila-Espinosa Luz Marina
Published: February 2024

El presente artículo describe el uso de la Escala de Somnolencia Epworth para diagnosticar la relación de este tras­torno con el desempeño académico en 53 alumnas de la Esmic, primer semestre de 2023. La metodología es de enfo­que mixto, al utilizar un instrumento de orden cuantitativo como la citada escala, y genera validación cualitativa con análisis documental y bibliográfico. El nivel de investigación es descriptivo y transversal y la población analizada se seleccionó por muestreo probabilístico aleatorio. Los resultados de investigación señalan que la Facultad de Derecho presenta los mayores índices de probabilidad alta de quedarse dormido, pues en todas las dimensiones de la escala, las personas respondieron de manera afirmativa en alta probabilidad de dormirse y su incidencia en baja probabilidad fue mínima.
FORMULATION AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES TESTS OF FACIAL WASH FROM OLIVE OIL AND NIACINAMIDE
Authors: Nindya Putri Chintiana , Kurniawati Riza
Published: February 2024

Problems on facial skin that often occur are caused by free radicals. Free radicals can cause cell damage in the form of premature aging which is characterized by a lack of elasticity in the skin, black spots appear, skin looks duller and there is pigmentation. Free radicals can be counteracted by giving antioxidants. Antioxidants are molecular compounds that can release electrons and neutralize free radicals in order to prevent cell damage. One of the natural ingredients that can be used to treat premature aging is olive oil. Olive oil is believed to help maintain skin moisture and elasticity as well as expedite the skin regeneration process, so that the skin is not easily dry and wrinkled. The aim of the research was to determine the results of the physical properties test of olive oil and niacinamide facial wash preparations and to determine the right and optimum formula for the surfactant combination of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and cocamidopropyl betaine. The type of research used is laboratory experimental with the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method. According to the results of the physical properties of the 8 formulas, the facial wash preparations met the physical properties tests such as organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, foam stability, spreadability and viscosity which met the requirements according to SNI. Olive oil and niacinamide facial wash preparations have an optimum formula at a concentration of 0.75% SLS and 0.25% cocamidopropyl betaine.
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Kajian Penggunaan Suplemen Kesehatan Terhadap Keberhasilan Terapi Covid-19 dengan Komorbid Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Rsud Panembahan Senopati Bantul
Authors: Vitara Debby , Estiningsih Daru , Sarwadhamana Raden Jaka
Published: February 2024

Terapi pengobatan COVID-19 dan antidiabetes dapat berpengaruh terhadap kadar gula darah puasa dan nilai SpO2. Penggunaan suplemen kesehatan dinilai mampu menjaga daya tahan tubuh pasien serta meningkatkan keberhasilan terapi pasien jika dilihat dari kriteria klinis dan hasil laboratorium pasien. Untuk mengetahui hubungan penggunaan suplemen kesehatan terhadap keberhasilan terapi pasien COVID-19 dengan komorbiditas diabetes melitus tipe 2 di RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Data diambil secara retrospektif melalui rekam medis pasien dengan diagnosa COVID-19 dan komorbid diabetes melitus tipe 2 di RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul pada periode Juni-Desember 2021. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode total sampling, pada 53 sampel. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan uji statistik koefisien kontingensi. Penggunaan terbanyak suplemen kesehatan adalah Vitamin D 51 (32%), Zink 50 (31%) dan injeksi  vitamin C (paten)29 (18%). Menurut kriteria klinis pasien meninggal sebesar 20 (38%), sembuh sebesar 17 (28%) dan belum sembuh sebesar 15 (28%). Pada metode analisis kontingensi, diperoleh nilai p 0,003 (p<0,005) dan nilai koefisien korelasi (r =0,805). Pasien dengan nilai akhir klinis GDP >126 mg/dl sebanyak 46 (87%), RR> 20x/menit sebanyak 39(74%) dan SpO2 normal sebanyak 34 (64%). Terdapat hubungan secara klinis antara penggunaan suplemen kesehatan dengan keberhasilan terapi  COVID-19 dengan komorbid diabetes mellitus tipe 2.
Standarisasi Ekstrak Etanol Biji Pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt)
Authors: Solikah Wahyu Yuliana
Published: February 2024

Biji pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt) merupakan bagian dari tanaman pala yang berasal dari Kepulauan Maluku, Indonesia yang dikenal memiliki khasiat sebagai insektisidal, fungisidal, anti bakteri juga untuk mengatasi permasalahan gastrointestinal, penambah nafsu makan, pelelap tidur, dan peredam kejang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk melakukan skrining fitokimia seperti alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, dan polifenol dan melakukan standarisasi ekstrak yaitu parameter spesifik yang meliputi organoleptis, mikroskopis, kadar senyawa larut air, kadar senyawa larut etanol. Selain itu juga untuk mengetahui parameter non – spesifik yang meliputi susut pengeringan, kadar abu total, dan bobot jenis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah maserasi selama 1x24 jam dengan menggunakan etanol 96% sebagai pelarut. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan ekstrak Biji Pala negatif alkaloid dan positif mengandung saponin, flavonoid, dan polifenol. Pada parameter spesifik menunjukkan uji organoleptis dengan hasil memiliki bentuk ekstrak kental, bau khas aromatik, dan berwarna coklat. Hasil kadar senyawa larut air 5,12%, hasil senyawa larut etanol 23,45%, dan hasil mikroskopis memiliki bentuk perisperm sekunder dengan sel minyak. Kemudian pada parameter non-spesifik menunjukkan hasil susut pengeringan sebesar 5,6 %, hasil bobot jenis sebesar 1,104 g/ml, dan hasil penetapan kadar abu sebesar 7,1%. Hasil uji randemen ekstraksi diperoleh sebesar 8,5%. Ekstrak etanol biji pala telah melewati proses standarisasi ekstrak sehingga dapat dikembangkan menjadi sediaan Obat Tradisional
The Development and Use of a New Visual Tool (REVISIT) to Support Participant Recall: Web-Based Interview Study Among Older Adults
Authors: Dryden Eileen M , Anwar Chitra , Conti Jennifer , Boudreau Jacqueline H , Kennedy Meaghan A , Hung William W , Nearing Kathryn A , Pimentel Camilla B , Moo Lauren
Published: February 2024

Background

Qualitative health services research often relies on semistructured or in-depth interviews to develop a deeper understanding of patient experiences, motivations, and perspectives. The quality of data gathered is contingent upon a patient’s recall capacity; yet, studies have shown that recall of medical information is low. Threats to generating rich and detailed interview data may be more prevalent when interviewing older adults.

Objective

We developed and studied the feasibility of using a tool, Remembering Healthcare Encounters Visually and Interactively (REVISIT), which has been created to aid the recall of a specific telemedicine encounter to provide health services research teams with a visual tool, to improve qualitative interviews with older adults.

Methods

The REVISIT visual appointment summary was developed to facilitate web-based interviews with our participants as part of an evaluation of a geriatric telemedicine program. Our primary aims were to aid participant recall, maintain focus on the index visit, and establish a shared understanding of the visit between participants and interviewers. The authors’ experiences and observations developing REVISIT and using it during videoconference interviews (N=16) were systematically documented and synthesized. We discuss these experiences with REVISIT and suggest considerations for broader implementation and future research to expand upon this preliminary work.

Results

REVISIT enhanced the interview process by providing a focus and catalyst for discussion and supporting rapport-building with participants. REVISIT appeared to support older patients’ and caregivers’ recollection of a clinical visit, helping them to share additional details about their experience. REVISIT was difficult to read for some participants, however, and could not be used for phone interviews.

Conclusions

REVISIT is a promising tool to enhance the quality of data collected during interviews with older, rural adults and caregivers about a health care encounter. This novel tool may aid recall of health care experiences for those groups for whom it may be more challenging to collect accurate, rich qualitative data (eg, those with cognitive impairment or complex medical care), allowing health services research to include more diverse patient experiences.
User Requirements in Developing a Novel Dietary Assessment Tool for Children: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: van der Heijden Zoë , de Gooijer Femke , Camps Guido , Lucassen Desiree , Feskens Edith , Lasschuijt Marlou , Brouwer-Brolsma Elske
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of childhood obesity and comorbidities is rising alarmingly, and diet is an important modifiable determinant. Numerous dietary interventions in children have been developed to reduce childhood obesity and overweight rates, but their long-term effects are unsatisfactory. Stakeholders call for more personalized approaches, which require detailed dietary intake data. In the case of primary school children, caregivers are key to providing such dietary information. However, as school-aged children are not under the full supervision of one specific caregiver anymore, data are likely to be biased. Recent technological advancements provide opportunities for the role of children themselves, which would serve the overall quality of the obtained dietary data.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to conduct a child-centered exploratory sequential mixed methods study to identify user requirements for a dietary assessment tool for children aged 5 to 6 years.

METHODS

Formative, nonsystematic narrative literature research was undertaken to delineate initial user requirements and inform prototype ideation in an expert panel workshop (n=11). This yielded 3 prototype dietary assessment tools: FoodBear (tangible piggy bank), myBear (smartphone or tablet app), and FoodCam (physical camera). All 3 prototypes were tested for usability by means of a usability task (video analyses) and user experience (This or That method) among 14 Dutch children aged 5 to 6 years (n=8, 57% boys and n=6, 43% girls).

RESULTS

Most children were able to complete FoodBear’s (11/14, 79%), myBear’s (10/14, 71%), and FoodCam’s (9/14, 64%) usability tasks, but all children required assistance (14/14, 100%) and most of the children encountered usability problems (13/14, 93%). Usability issues were related to food group categorization and recognition, frustrations owing to unsatisfactory functioning of (parts) of the prototypes, recall of food products, and the distinction between eating moments. No short-term differences in product preference between the 3 prototypes were observed, but autonomy, challenge, gaming elements, being tablet based, appearance, social elements, and time frame were identified as determinants of liking the product.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results suggest that children can play a complementary role in dietary data collection to enhance the data collected by their parents. Incorporation of a training program, auditory or visual prompts, reminders and feedback, a user-friendly and intuitive interaction design, child-friendly food groups or icons, and room for children’s autonomy were identified as requirements for the future development of a novel and usable dietary assessment tool for children aged 5 to 6 years. Our findings can serve as valuable guidance for ongoing innovations in the field of children’s dietary assessment and the provision of personalized dietary support.
Identifying candidates for smartphone monitoring: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of depression phenotypes associated with cerebrovascular disease in UK Biobank (Preprint)
Authors: Zawada Stephanie J. , Ganjizadeh Ali , Conte Gian Marco , Demaerschalk Bart M , Erickson Bradley J
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Interest in using smartphones to monitor depression, a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease (CeVD), has grown rapidly; however, little is known about behavioral phenotypes related to mood and how phenotypes may vary based on symptom severity in patients before CeVD.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to examine the relationships between depression frequency and lifestyle factors, able to be captured by smartphone sensors, to assess the feasibility of using smartphones for monitoring mood in incident CeVD cohorts outside of clinical settings.

METHODS

We retrospectively identified patients who suffered a CeVD after baseline (n = 14,508) and conducted cross-sectional analyses with patients in the UK Biobank (UKBB) observational cohort study at baseline. Longitudinal analyses were performed in those (n = 603) who completed a follow-up.

RESULTS

In the cross-sectional analysis in diagnosed depression (DDs) and control cohorts, optimal sleep (OR = 0.58-0.71; P < .001) was associated with decreased frequency depressed mood while former/current smoker status (OR = 1.146-1.151; P < .05) and daily screen time (OR = 1.039-1.058; P < .007) were associated with increased frequency. In both cohorts, older age (> 60 y) was protective (OR = 0.52-0.67; P <.001) while social deprivation (OR = 1.041-1.048; P < .002) was linked with higher frequency. Specific to controls, male sex (OR = 0.713; P <.001) and increased daily physical activity duration (OR = 0.989; P = .001) were protective. Longitudinal analysis revealed that older age’s protective effect persisted in controls (OR = 0.552; P = .02). At follow-up, baseline depressed mood frequency (OR = 5.897; P <.001) was associated with increased depressed mood frequency in controls while prolonged daily screen time (OR = 1.379; P <.015) was associated with higher frequency in DDs. Sensitivity analyses stratified by time-to-diagnosis suggest that associations between lifestyle factors and depressed mood in incident CeVD may be transient and time-dependent.

CONCLUSIONS

Multiple behaviors observable via smartphone sensors are associated with depression in patients before a CeVD diagnosis. Clinicians monitoring this mood phenotype should pay close attention to screen time and sleep duration in at risk patients. For patients at risk of CeVD with no history of depression, screening for depression may provide insights into possible mood changes emergent before CeVD. Given that lifestyle behaviors linked to depression may evolve in the years before a CeVD diagnosis, a robust approach, incorporating both passive and active smartphone sensors, is needed when monitoring patients at risk of CeVD.
Kritik Sosial Natsume Soseki dalam Novel Bocchan
Authors: Oekon Deddy Hernandy
Published: February 2024

This research aims to reveal Natsume Soseki's attitudes and views in the form of social criticism regarding the phenomenon of social deviation in Japanese society due to the Meiji Restoration (1868-1912) in his novel, Bocchan. Social problems often arise in modern societies, including what happened in Japan during modernization from 1868-1912, called the Meiji Restoration. These social problems include social and cultural dislocation due to the penetration of dominant Western culture and the marginal position of traditional elements, especially in the second decade of the early Meiji era, when Japan aggressively adopted Western culture on a large scale. This social phenomenon can be seen from the decline in Japanese society's appreciation for traditional social and cultural values while simultaneously placing Western culture in a superior position. The theory used in this research is Alan Swingewood's Literary Sociology theory. Through this theory, we will analyze the influence of Natsume Soseki's social background as the author of the novel Bocchan, as well as his ideological tendencies in responding to the symptoms of social deviation in Japanese society (1868-1912), which became the background for the creation of the novel Bocchan. After that, it will be analyzed to what extent the novel Bocchan can reflect social phenomena. The analysis was done by connecting the social aspects of the novel with the historical, social reality that was the background for its creation, namely Japanese society during the Meiji Era (1868-1912). Next, the author will see what social criticism is depicted in the novel. The results of the research show that the novel Bocchan describes Natsume Soseki's social criticism of the phenomenon of socio-cultural dislocation in Japanese society due to Westernization during the Meiji era, as well as the problems of a group of people who persist with old habits in the condition of the Japanese nation which is changing towards a developed and modern country.
Pelanggaran Prinsip Kerja Sama dalam Drama “Sweet Home” (스위트홈)
Authors: Andriana Dwi Puspita  , Young Hwang Who
Published: February 2024

This article examines the forms of violation of Grice's maxim of cooperation principles carried out by the characters in the drama Sweet Home (SH) and their relationship with achieving communication goals. This research uses a descriptive-qualitative method referring to Grice's theory of Cooperation Principles (CP) (1975). Research data was obtained using the method of listening without being involved and taking notes. Based on the research results, four forms of single PKS violations were found in SH: the maxims of quantity, quality, relevance, and manner. Apart from these violations, double maxim violations were also found, namely violations of the maxim of relevance and the maxim of manner. The causes of CP violations occur due to the following factors: (1) in the maxim of quantity, the speaker provides excessive information; (2) in the maxim of quality, the speaker conveys incorrect information and uses similes and figures of speech; (3) in the maxim of relevance, the speaker gives information that is implicit and unrelated to the topic of conversation; (4) in the maxim of manner, the speaker sends an ambiguous message, not straightforward and long-winded. This research shows that most conversations that violate the maxim of relevance, the maxim of quality, and the maxim of manner fail to achieve communication goals because the recipient of the message does not understand the message. on the contrary, failure of communication objectives does not occur in a maxim of quantity but only causes ineffectiveness in delivering the message.
Characterization of Synthetic Humin from Solid Hydrolysate and Biochar from Hydrothermal Carbonization Products of Chicken Feather Waste
Authors: Fatimah Siti Dewi , Kuncaka Agus , Roto Roto
Published: February 2024

Solid hydrolysate and biochar 2:1 are synthetic humus from hydrothermal carbonization of chicken feather waste and contain humin that can be isolated by IHSS method. The recalcitrant humin is obtained in solid form. The yield of isolated humin from biochar 2:1 was 44.5%, and humin from solid hydrolysate was 12.7%. Analysis of humin by FTIR indicated the characteristics of complex functional groups. Based on the XRD and TEM tests, humin is formed from amorphous crystals with <14 nm in size and categorized as a superparamagnetic nanoparticle. The surface morphology of humin from solid hydrolysate is in the form of small spheres attached to larger particles, while humin from biochar 2:1 is smoother and has a larger surface area. This synthetic humin contains the nutrients N, O, Si, Cu, S, Mg, Zn, and K based on the EDX test quantitatively supported by AAS analysis. Characteristics of humin, which contains nutrients, are composed of amorphous crystals with complex functional groups during the hydrothermal carbonization process. Their relatively small heterogeneous molecules are stabilized by hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds to form supramolecular compound associations in hour order. This humin content in synthetic humus is expected to increase its utility as a soil improver.
Cytotoxic Dammarane-Type Triterpenoids from Aglaia cucullata Peel Fruit
Authors: Anjari Intan Hawina , Harneti Desi , Farabi Kindi , Naini Al Arofatus , Hidayat Ace Tatang , Anwar Risyandi , Kuncoro Hadi , Azmi Mohamad Nurul , Supratman Unang
Published: February 2024

Four triterpenoids, known as dammarane-type, dammaradienone (1), 20(S),25-epoxy-5α-dammar-20-en-3-one (2), 20(S)-5α-dammar-24-en-3α,20-diol-3-acetate (3) and 3α-acetyl-20S,24S-epoxy-25-hydroxydammarane (4), were isolated from Aglaia cucullata peel fruit. The structures of isolated compounds were identified based on their HR-TOFMS data and extensive NMR spectroscopic analysis, as well as compared with literature data. Compounds 1-4 were assessed for cytotoxic effects against HeLa cervical and B16-F10 melanoma skin cancer cells. All compounds showed moderate to weak activity against B16-F10 cancer cells, while compound 2 exhibited the strongest activity against HeLa cancer cells with IC50 of 7.10 µg/mL indicating that the existence of an epoxy moiety at the side chain increases the cytotoxicity to HeLa cells.
A New Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles and Its Application as a Beta-Hematin Inhibitor
Authors: Al-Refaia Rana Abd Al-Aly Khamees , Alrikabi Eman , Alkarimi Ahmed Ali , Vasiliadou Rafaela
Published: February 2024

To prevent the development of drug resistance and unwanted side effects, nanomaterials have been studied for their potential to inhibit beta-hematin, an important protein for the survival of malaria parasites. The use of nanomaterials as a medication against parasites and mosquito vectors has recently shown promising drug therapeutic strategies. One of the newest areas of interest in nanotechnology and nanoscience is the environmentally friendly production of nanoparticles. Green synthesis to produce metal nanoparticles is the most important strategy to overcome the possible dangers of toxic chemicals for a safe and harmless environment. For this study, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were synthesized using Iraqi basil leaf extract, demonstrating its novelty in nanosciences. The formation of CuNPs can be seen visually as a color shift from green to brownish. UV-vis absorption spectra, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles. The surface plasmon resonance property (SPR) of CuNPs is revealed by UV-vis analysis, which shows a distinctive absorption peak at 420–430 nm, whereas SEM reveals the spherical shape of CuNPs with sizes ranging from 30 to 50 nm.
Living on Highways
Authors:   Binghamton University, Dicken Alexa
Published: February 2024

“Living on Highways” is a selection comprised of ten poems from my honors thesis. The poems focus on nature and views of human reality in the context of nature, two subjects that require attention to sustainability. I find my strongest inspiration in experiences of interaction with nature, simply being outside and observing the relationship between people and nature. Written in the environmental literary tradition of poets such as Billy Collins and Emily Dickinson, “Living on Highways” situates its poems within the context of nature but comes with a focused regard on humanity’s responsibility toward the appreciation of the environment and its preservation.
Morality of a Carbon Tax: Transition to a Sustainable Economy
Authors:   Binghamton University, Lamendola Timothy
Published: February 2024

A carbon tax is needed to address the negative externalities caused by carbon emissions. Increased carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere have a direct and negative impact on net social benefit to current and future generations. Our current human population has a moral obligation to future generations and, therefore, is responsible for excess burning of fossil fuels. This essential carbon tax is needed to help wean humans off their fossil fuel reliance. One should not be concerned with the economic losses this could cause because an economy based off unlimited growth is unsustainable and must be altered. A new, sustainable economic system must be developed in order to ensure continued human prosperity. This sustainable economic system will utilize a carbon tax and also includes features proposed by Jackson (2009) in Prosperity without Growth such as a reduced work week, a transition into a service economy, and increased public investment. This paper will include a defense of the morality of a mandatory carbon tax, a discussion of its potential socio-economic benefits, and the argument that a sustainable economy is possible if swift actions are taken.
Selections from the Summoning
Authors:   Binghamton University, Lane Naomi
Published: February 2024

Inspired by the tragic history of witch-hunts and trials, The Summoning is a dance performance piece that follows a coven’s struggle to hold on to what they believe in a world set against them. After four women come into contact with a goddess, their lives are forever changed. A fear of sorcery and the occult plagued 15th to 18th century Western society and resulted in the suffering and persecution of many women, a tragedy that is often overlooked. Although inspired by the events surrounding these witchcraft trials, The Summoning is a fictionalized, surreal depiction of some of the true horrors of this period. Choreographed, taught, developed and put into production within a six-week period in the fall of 2014 and with a budget of $300, this story is told through original, focused choreography via the talent and technique of nine dancers. Filmed at Binghamton University’s Gruber Theatre over a three-day period, this video represents an excerpt of the 30-minute final work. This production was created in the hopes that its stance against persecutions of the past will resonate in our current social climate.
From Jim Crow to Racial Tolerance: The African-American Experience During Interwar Period Paris
Authors:   Binghamton University, Schindel Nicole
Published: February 2024

During World War I, African-American soldiers came to France and discovered the relative diminishment of racial prejudices in the country. Since much of the United States still held racist Jim Crow era laws and prejudices, African-Americans had been barred from the same opportunities as their white counterparts. Because of this, many African-Americans moved to Paris during the interwar period to seek opportunities that were not available to them in the United States. This paper will explore how the less rigid and more nuanced racial ideologies found in Paris, enabled African-Americans to create strong relationships with Parisians and find the freedom that they were unable to find in the United States. By using the stories of James Reese Europe, Ada “Bricktop” Smith, and Josephine Baker as well as articles from The New York Times and popular African- American newspapers, I will explain to the reader how African-Americans were able to find success in Paris because of both the popularity of African-American culture with Parisians and the French population’s less rigid racial system.
Behavioral Sex Difference in Healthy Sprauge-Dawley Rats
Authors:   Binghamton University, Bagg Jeffrey , Obie Jessica , Shang Fei , Lista Natalie , Kiessling Corrine
Published: February 2024

Recently, the NIH has pushed for both sexes of a species to be incorporated into behavioral experiments. This push came as a result of an unchecked exclusion of females in experimentation. In rat studies, it is a common argument that females are more variable than males due to the presence of their estrous cycle. This study set out to evaluate this claim, and provide sex differences data for a variety of motor, anxiety, and cognitive behavioral tests. No sex differences in motor or anxiety behavior were found between the sexes. Males performed significantly better on the spontaneous alternation test of spatial memory, but had no differences on other cognitive tasks including novel object recognition and the T-maze learning test. While the estrous cycle of females was not monitored in the current study, no significant sex differences in variability of behavioral responding were found, disputing the claim that females are more variable than males. The results of this study will help to dispel the bias in rat model research, and thus encourage the production of more accurate behavioral data.
Seeking Fellow Invisibles
Authors:   Binghamton University, Wilson Brooke
Published: February 2024

This piece is a creative non-fiction piece. The monologue is centered on a question that my mentor and HDEV 100 Professor, Myra Sabir, asked the whole class in the first couple weeks of the semester. "What is your enough?" The question goes deeper than most; it causes you to really look at your life, the world around you, and who you really are. If you were to die tomorrow what is your enough? What would allow you to die with the feeling of accomplishment and happiness? "Seeking Fellow Invisibles" is about what this question made me realize, how it opened my eyes. I compare myself to others and society and what their enough would be. I dig into my past and portions of the dark times in my life. It's a painfully personal piece but the whole point is to give clarity and inspiration to those whose visions are still blurred by what others want from them. It goes beyond materialism and challenges the readers to search deeper and look inside themselves. The whole point is to understand who you really are and what you really want.
Agriculture, Climate, and Capitalist World-Economy: Rethinking the Global Crisis
Authors:   Binghamton University, Feehan Dayne
Published: February 2024

Our relationship with nature has been constantly changing throughout modern history. The ways in which we interact with extra-human natures in order to grow food and build empires has radically and successively transformed since the sixteenth century. With these transformations, the perception of our interactions with extra-human natures has changed as well. The modern perception of Humans versus Nature is challenged with a new ideological framework. This paper introduces the world-ecological framework, which recognizes the relationships of human and extra-human natures as deeply intertwined and dialectical histories. The world-ecological framework is contrasted with the modernist ontology in the debate of naming our current epochal era: Anthropocene versus the Capitalocene. Thinking through the global crisis using the world-ecological framework exposes the influence of capitalism on agriculture and climate. This paper uses the world-ecological framework to examine capitalist agriculture’s relationship to climate change as well as illustrate the limits and threats this relationship poses to the capitalist world-ecology.
Négritude
Authors:   Binghamton University, McFarlane Nichelae
Published: February 2024

Négritude exists as a critical framework for analyzing the interactions between black and non-black Francophone intellectuals. It originated as a cultural movement that swept through the African diaspora as an affirmation of the value of blackness. This renaissance paved the way for this anthology to discuss issues of heritage, culture, identity and self-worth. "Negritudes” continues the work done on black consciousness through a combination of critical theory and poetry.
The Edge of the Imaginary World: The Influences of Imperialism and Expansionism in Secondary World Cartography
Authors:   Binghamton University, Maxwell Luke
Published: February 2024

This paper explores the function of cartographical representations in fantasy literature and their implications in a cartographic tradition marked by Imperialism and Colonialism. Using the Tolkienian terminology of “secondary worlds”, I analyzed the features of genre-setting maps such as Middle Earth and Narnia, noting the function of frontiers within these representations of imaginary realms. Compared with the maps of early European exploration in the Americas and Africa, the Eurocentric tendencies of the two works of fantasy literature reveal themselves even in a component of world-building as fundamental as map-making. Deviations from these traditional representations of frontier-lands in Ursula Le Guin’s Earthsea series work to display in contrast how map-making influences the way other-ness in humanity operates within the work itself. I then explore the function of frontiers in the context of secondary world expansion, placed into the context of transmedia, and exemplified through the work of George R.R.Martin’s A Game of Thrones franchise. I mark the expansion of Martin’s maps over the course of the series’ existence and expansion through various outlets of media, which reveal a pattern of exploiting cartographical frontiers. I argue that while contemporary secondary worlds may have moved past traditions of the genre more closely associated with imperialism and Eurocentrism (especially concerning populations), new traditions of growth suggest an embracing of transmedia expansionism, not without its own parallels with the process of colonialization. Beyond the ethical implications of such parallels, this secondary world expansionism further emphasizes the subtle power of frontiers in fantasy map-making.
Editor's Note
Authors:   Binghamton University, Shokrolah Zadeh Jafar
Published: February 2024

Managing Editor Notes, offering a brief review on Alpenglow 2019/20 and thanking people who have been instrumental in its work. A brief description of the cover art and list of reviewers.
The Importance of Education and Community Engagement Towards Sea Turtle Conservation
Authors:   Binghamton University, Miller Elias , Meindl George
Published: February 2024

In order to cope with the historic unsustainable use of resources and lack of concern that humans have for the environment, scientists and educators have “elected” species they believe can help to conserve natural resources. As a beloved and charismatic species, sea turtles are often chosen as ambassadors to encourage a change in public perception of the importance of healthy ecosystems. Sea turtles are some of the most vulnerable species in marine ecosystems, yet the roles they play as habitat engineers, predators, prey, and facilitators of nutrient cycling are becoming more apparent as human activities have reduced their numbers worldwide. Poaching of their nests, bycatch in commercial fisheries, and capture for meat and carapaces are drastically affecting critical turtle populations and placing them closer to extinction. However, by playing vital roles in the delicate balance of marine ecosystems, they help educators encourage changes in behavior that help protect sea turtles and the marine ecosystems that rely on them. This paper highlights the importance of education in conservation and demonstrates the use of charismatic megafauna, like the sea turtle, in the fight to save the environment by showcasing the role that sea turtles play in marine ecosystems as well as the success of Equipo Tora Carey. 
Child Labor, Compulsory Education, and the Women's Movement
Authors:   Binghamton University, Chaikin Kassidy
Published: February 2024

This paper explores the connection between child labor, compulsory public education, and the women’s movement of the twentieth century. Child labor was a widespread issue within the United States beginning with the Industrial Revolution. In an effort to protect children the women’s movement of the twentieth century added the issue of child welfare to their platform. In order to overcome the obstacles of child labor laws being struck down, the solution ended up being compulsory public education. Although children were kept out of the factories, this paper argues that the public-school system really just prepares children to be a loyal and obedient workforce. There is an irony in that the very system put in place to take children out of the workforce just ends up preparing them to enter it in the future.
Housing Insecurity in Binghamton
Authors:   Binghamton University, O'Keefe Jessica
Published: February 2024

Housing is vital to the protection of individual human life and liberty, yet so many Americans find themselves housing insecure. This study examines housing insecurity in Binghamton, New York, its causes, and potential solutions through the use of interviews and participant observations. Despite the surplus of available housing and low demand, so many Binghamton residents find themselves struggling to afford their rent due to the presence of university students in the city and the profit incentives of landlords. Public housing solutions are the most effective at eliminating these particular issues under the conditions present in Binghamton’s circumstances, suggesting that the federal and local governments should focus housing policy more on providing housing directly to citizens in need rather than fostering private development.
A Voter's Guide for NY-22
Authors:   Binghamton University, Meltzer Eli
Published: February 2024

This article provides a guide for voting in the NY-22 district. By giving a detailed look at the 2020 state congressional race between Anthony Brindisi and Claudia Tenney, this article offers information for voters about the candidates' policies.
Participant Observation of a Crowded City Council Meeting
Authors:   Binghamton University, Meltzer Eli
Published: February 2024

This article is an ethnographic look at Binghamton NY's city council meeting.
Andonia Gountanis' Poems
Authors:   Binghamton University, Gountanis Andonia
Published: February 2024

Hello! My name is Andonia Gountanis, I am a junior and a neuroscience major at Binghamton University. My studies mostly consist of heavy-loaded-science courses. I enjoy writing in my free time! This gives me a little diversity in what I do, and gives me a break from all the heavy science material I learn in a day!
Interpreting Global Urban-Rural Political Divides: A Literature Review
Authors:   Binghamton University, Steyermark Jobim
Published: February 2024

Is the familiar urban-rural political divide a universal phenomenon, or is it conditional on institutional, cultural, or historical factors? In places where such a divide does exist, does it always manifest as a contest between progressive urban centers and conservative rural areas, or is this polarity sometimes reversed? Drawing on the insights of political scientists, sociologists, and historians, a review of the literature suggests resilient patterns of political geography that have their roots in the cleavage formation processes of the 19th and early 20th centuries. In particular, the legacy of agrarian politics and patterns of land tenure during this critical period play an important (yet often overlooked) role in the degree and character of the urban-rural political continuum. Generally speaking, in countries where the expansion of suffrage empowered peasant smallholders who had not been co-opted by anti-statist or traditionalist factions, leftist (or at least class-conscious) agrarian movements paved the way for an unusually high degree of rural left-wing and centrist party support in the modern era.
Nociones, conceptos y preocupaciones del profesorado bilingüe en Chiapas. Una aproximación desde la perspectiva de género
Authors: Solís Calvo Ana Magdalena
Published: February 2024

Este documento muestra los hallazgos de una investigación realizada sobre documentos recepcionales elaborados por docentes para obtener el título en la Licenciatura en Educación Preescolar y Primaria para el Medio Indígena de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional en San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas. El estudio se situó desde la perspectiva sociocultural, de género y el análisis conceptual del discurso, con el fin de conocer los conceptos y nociones vertidos en el corpus de 708 tesis desde el año 2011 al 2021. Las líneas analíticas contemplan temas curriculares e identitarios, en los que se observan preocupaciones y concepciones culturales sobre identidad, saberes comunitarios y sexualidad-género. Las contribuciones culturales que desde sus concepciones reflejan los y las docentes en sus escritos constituyen valiosas aportaciones para el diseño curricular de planes y programas de formación y profesionalización en el medio indígena.
Torres sobre la narrativa de la selva en América Latina
Authors: Gutiérrez Alfonzo Carlos
Published: February 2024

Con base en su fascinación por la literatura, Vicente Francisco Torres propone, en su libro Del infierno verde al paraíso perdido. La narrativa de la selva en América Latina, un recorrido por aquellos textos en los cuales puede darse una apreciación de la temática sobre la selva de América Latina. Espacio idealizado, amenazante, luego transformado, por múltiples ambiciones, en uno cercano al deterioro, la selva expresada en palabras, que consigna Vicente Francisco Torres, es una indagación que incluye la selva lacandona y la selva de El Petén. La aportación del autor está en haber ofrecido una apasionada amplia mirada sobre una temática, la narrativa de la selva, que lejos está de agotarse en el análisis de sus componentes.
¿Sabes qué significan ©, TM, ® y SM, en propiedad intelectual?
Authors: García Pérez Jesús Francisco , López Chunab Irma Noemí , Muñoz Barrera Luis Antonio , Percastre Rivera Begonia Angelina , Álvarez Váldez María Mercedes
Published: February 2024

Al hablar de propiedad intelectual nos referimos a las creaciones originales que se forman en la mente y se expresan a través de cualquier soporte, sean o no tangibles. En este contexto, resulta imprescindible abordar qué significan cada uno de los símbolos que acompañan a la propiedad intelectual, debido a que éstos otorgan prerrogativas exclusivas a los autores e inventores. En este texto se hablará del significado, uso y características de los símbolos: © (del inglés Copyright), TM (del inglés, Trade Mark o Marca Comercial), ® (Registrado) y SM (del inglés, Service Mark o Marca de Servicio).