bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co‐planning of electricity and gas networks considering risk level assessment
Authors: Khaligh Vahid , Buygi Majid Oloomi
Published: March 2020

This study provides a risk‐based gas and electricity expansion planning model to coordinate the expansion of electricity and gas networks in a multi‐carrier energy network. Generally, electricity and gas networks have separate owners having no mechanisms to share information. In this study, a distributed algorithm based on alternative direction method of multipliers is developed to preserve the privacy of electricity and gas networks while maintaining a coordination link. Probabilistic outage of components is implemented into the expansion planning model to investigate the interactions between electricity and gas networks and evaluate the risk of contingencies in generating units, transmission lines, and pipelines. Second fuel of gas consuming generating units is modelled to have a holistic approach while studying electricity and gas interactions in the case of contingencies. Moreover, conditional value at risk is used to adjust a balance between risk and investment where each of energy parties can decide on the risk level of their expansion plans. The proposed expansion planning approach is applied to a realistic case study to evaluate its performance.
Robust linear model for multi‐period AC optimal power flow
Authors: Heidarabadi Houman , Pourahmadi Farzaneh , Hamid Hossieni Seyed
Published: March 2020

In the near future power systems, efficient management of uncertainties with considering the system constraints without any simplification will be a challenge for system operators. Considering AC constraints leads to providing more accurate schedule of generating units, which can have a significant impact on the reduction of operating costs. Although numerous studies have been done to convexify AC optimal power flow constraints, most of the models are non‐linear, which can be intractable for large‐scale systems. In this study, a novel linear robust AC model is introduced using a combination of the quadratic convex relaxation (QCR) and the Frank–Wolfe algorithm for linearising the AC constraints. The uncertainties are modelled by applying the robust optimisation with recourse to obtain an optimal schedule for the conventional units in multi‐period real‐time markets. The Benders‐dual algorithm is implemented to solve the optimisation problem. The proposed model was applied to the IEEE 3‐bus, 118‐bus, and 300‐bus systems. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm obtains more precise approximation than the QCR method. In addition, the costs and losses of the proposed model are less than those of the conventional robust DC and stochastic models. Furthermore, because the proposed model is linear, its runtime is rational.
Approach to determine harmonic contributions in distribution networks using underdetermined blind source separation and form similarity distance
Authors: Ding Tong , Chen Hongkun , Hu Pan , Chen Lei
Published: March 2020

This study proposes a new approach to determine harmonic contributions in distribution networks. The approach effectively combines underdetermined blind source separation (UBSS) and form similarity distance (FSD), and it aims to minimise the negative impacts of harmonic source coupling and background harmonic fluctuations. Considering the underdetermined measurement, UBSS is introduced to estimate the harmonic emission current in the light of the sparsity of source signals. Through analysing the form variation features of harmonic time series, FSD is applied to identify the relatively stable background harmonics for utility equivalent harmonic impedance calculation. Furthermore, a complete procedure of harmonic contribution assessment is presented. To verify the high performance of the proposed approach, the simulation study and field test are both conducted, and a detailed comparative analysis of different approaches is carried out. The results show that the proposed approach is able to more accurately determine harmonic contributions than the existing methods, and has better robustness against significant harmonic source coupling and drastic background harmonic fluctuations.
Data envelopment analysis based on triangular neutrosophic numbers
Authors: Edalatpanah S.A.
Published: March 2020

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is one of the best mathematical techniques to compute the overall performance of units with some inputs and outputs. The original DEA methods are developed to tackle the information based on the crisp number but no ability to handle the indeterminacy, impreciseness, vagueness, inconsistent, and incompleteness information such as triangular neutrosophic numbers (TNNs). This study attempts to establish a new model of DEA, where the information on decision‐making units is TNNs. Initially, the concept and features of a conventional DEA model and the comparative TNNs are discussed. Besides, some new ranking functions of TNNs are presented. Furthermore, based on the mentioned ranking functions, an algorithm for solving the new model has been established. A comparison of the new model with an existing method and other kinds of uncertainty tools has been provided. In comparison with the existing methods, the significant characteristic of the new model is that it can handle the triangular neutrosophic information simply and effectively. Finally, the implementation of this strategy for an example has been applied for various models of DEA.
Reflection component in the Bright Atoll Source GX 9+9
Authors: Iaria R. , Mazzola S. M. , Di Salvo T. , Marino A. , Gambino A. F. , Sanna A. , Riggio A. , Burderi L.
Published: March 2020

Context. GX 9+9 (4U 1728−16) is a low mass X-ray binary source harboring a neutron star. Although it belongs to the subclass of the bright Atoll sources together with GX 9+1, GX 3+1, and GX 13+1, its broadband spectrum is poorly studied and apparently does not show reflection features in the spectrum.

Aims. To constrain the continuum well and verify whether a relativistic smeared reflection component is present, we analyze the broadband spectrum of GX 9+9 using BeppoSAX and XMM-Newton spectra covering the 0.3−40 keV energy band.

Methods. We fit the spectrum adopting a model composed of a disk-blackbody plus a Comptonized component whose seed photons have a blackbody spectrum (Eastern Model). A statistically equivalent model is composed of a Comptonized component whose seed photons have a disk-blackbody distribution plus a blackbody that mimics a saturated Comptonization likely associated with a boundary layer (Western model). Other trials did not return a good fit.

Results. The spectrum of GX 9+9 was observed in a soft state and its luminosity is 2.3 × 1037 erg s−1 assuming a distance to the source of 5 kpc. In the Eastern Model scenario, we find the seed-photon temperature and electron temperature of the Comptonized component to be 1.14−0.07+0.10 keV and 2.80−0.04+0.09 keV, respectively, while the optical depth of the Comptonizing corona is 8.9 ± 0.4. The color temperature of the inner accretion disk is 0.86−0.02+0.08 keV and 0.82 ± 0.02 keV for the BeppoSAX and XMM-Newton spectrum, respectively. In the Western Model scenario, instead, we find that the seed-photon temperature is 0.87 ± 0.07 keV and 1.01 ± 0.08 keV for the BeppoSAX and XMM-Newton spectrum, respectively. The electron temperature of the Comptonized component is 2.9 ± 0.2 keV, while the optical depth is 9.4−1.1+1.5. The blackbody temperature is 1.79−0.18+0.09 keV and 1.85−0.15+0.07 keV for the BeppoSAX and XMM-Newton spectrum, respectively. The addition of a relativistic smeared reflection component improved the fit in both the scenarios, giving compatible values of the parameters, even though a significant broad emission line in the Fe-K region is not observed.

Conclusions. From the reflection component we estimated an inclination angle of about 43−4+6 deg and 51−2+9 deg for the Eastern and Western Model, respectively. The value of the reflection fraction Ω/2π is 0.18 ± 0.04 and 0.21 ± 0.03 for the Eastern and Western Model, respectively, suggesting that the Comptonized corona should be compact and close to the innermost region of the system.
Andragogy in the context of teaching Lean management
Authors: Davydova Nadezhda
Published: March 2020

The article discusses the major issues of teaching lean management for adolts and provides the rational to transfer from pedagogy model to andragogy model of teaching. The model of lean personality is desigoed. The educational principles in lean production are also analyzed The article submits the forms of the lean education with the focus on Process Enterprise as the most important.
The professional and educational ecosystem as a driver of development collaboration between engineering education and production
Authors: Flek Mikhail , Ugnich Ekaterina
Published: March 2020

The formation and development of human capital as to thecurrent and future needs of production is a serious challenge for moden enterprises. Human capital, which is based on knowledge and skills, is themost important factor of production that determines the competitiveness and efficiency of the enterprise. One of the ways to solve this problem is the formation of the enterprise vocational education ecosystem, by combining with various educational organizations. The authors formulate the concept of a professional and educational ecosystem as a type of socio-economic ecosystem. The importance of interaction between ecosystem subjects as the basis for the emergence of synergistic effects is emphasized.The theoretical conclusions are supported by empirical material on the example of the professional and educational ecosystem of a large helicopter enterprise. The characteristic of the enterprise’s professional and educational ecosystem is given. Emphasis is placed on the structural and specific description of the professional and educational ecosystem. The reasons for the formation of the professional and educational ecosystem of the enterprise and the way of its development are analyzed. The analysis of the effectiveness of the professional and educational ecosystem can be based on the stakeholder theory, based on the assessment of the results of the ecosystem by its main participants. In order to analyze the effectiveness of the professional and educational ecosystem of the enterprise, a survey of its participants was conducted on the importance of knowledge and skills acquired as a result of training, and satisfaction with them. On the basis of the poll results, a perceptual map was built by the analysis of Needs&Gaps. She demonstrated the most important attributes, describing the results of the professional and educational ecosystem from the perceptual of importance and satisfaction of participants in this ecosystem. The construction of the perceptual map made it possible to draw a conclusion about the high assessment of the participants of the ecosystem of practical skills acquired in the learning process. The results of the analysis of the professional and educational ecosystem of the enterprise confirm its effectiveness in solving the problem of human capital formation.
Transformation of business processes in the conditions of manufacturing digitalization
Authors: Samoldin Alexander , Susov Roman , Gorbachev Anton
Published: March 2020

There are considered the features, advantages and problems of modeling as a basis and a link for the transformation of business processes. The role of business process models in the business architecture of a manufacturing enterprise is shown. Approaches to the transformation of business processes in the context of increasing their efficiency in the context of manufacturing digitalization are proposed. The technique of eliminating “bottlenecks” in business processes based on the system and process approaches to management and theory of constraints is considered. The criteria and methodology for assessing the economic efficiency of transforming business processes are considered.
Production ecosystems and platforms development in the industry digital transformation conditions
Authors: Kashevarova Nataliya , Shiboldenkov Vladimir
Published: March 2020

Current trends and prospects for the development of integrated production systems in the context of digital transformation are considered. the key trends are the creation of digital duplicates of industrial processes, the development of platform solutions and production ecosystems, as well as increasing the flexibility of production business processes. The importance of forming production and consumer ecosystems for business growth is shown.
Mechanism for assessing the quality of production enterprise management
Authors: Timofeeva Yuliya
Published: March 2020

The article substantiates the need for periodic assessment of the quality of management. The article describes the mechanism for assessing the quality of management of a production enterprise using the ratio of working capital, profitability and liquidity
Application of ERP-systems for increase of efficiency organization of high-tech production
Authors: Drobkova Oksana
Published: March 2020

The specificity of ERP-systems application in the production of high-tech products is described. The approaches to implementation in science-intensive industrial enterprises are described. The use of ERP systems by Russian manufacturing enterprises has been expanding in the last decade. The article describes approaches to implementation in high-tech industrial enterprises of the Federal state unitary enterprise “Khrunichev state research center”.
The smart technologies application for the product life-cycle management in modern manufacturing systems
Authors: Shiboldenkov Vladimir , Nesterova Katherine
Published: March 2020

Perspective directions of development of information technologies in the field of improvement of programs of universal artificial intelligence for tasks of the organization of production are Considered. Modern trends of application in production are considered and advantages to companies are analyzed. The concept of building a production process using smart technologies and other artificial intelligence approaches is proposed.
Outsourcing as a means to improve the efficiency of activity of machinery enterprises
Authors: Zheleznov Vyacheslav , Volkova Tatyana , Volkova Maria
Published: March 2020

The article shows the relevance of outsourcing repair services at machine-building enterprises in conditions of high wear of equipment, the decline in the organization of management of technical and repair services and the effectiveness of this activity. The positive and negative sides of outsourcing, as well as factors for evaluating the effectiveness of the transfer of repair functions to outsourcing are given.
Psychotherapeutische Maßnahmen und soziale Unterstützung in der Notfallambulanz
Authors: Schöne Wilfried
Published: March 2020

Komplexe Notsituationen profitieren insbesondere von einem Rahmen, der soziale und psychotherapeutische Optionen einschließt. Dafür ist die Anwendung des „Sozialen“ in seiner Grundbedeutung wichtig und überschneidet sich mit psychotherapeutischem Handeln. Die Kenntnis differenzieller Wirkungsaspekte erhöht die Behandlungsqualität bei Notfallpatienten zu einem frühen Zeitpunkt.
Hilfe, Notfall! Psychische Versorgung im Ausnahmezustand
Authors: Reimann Gerd , Hammes Françoise , Meyer Heiner
Published: March 2020

Wird einem Patienten im Notfall keine sofortige Behandlung zuteil, kann dies schwere Schäden oder gar den Tod zur Folge haben. Auch eine angemessene medizinische Versorgung kann an ihre Grenzen stoßen, wenn die Bewältigung psychosozialer Probleme nach einem Notfall nicht ausreichend beachtet wird. Der Zugang zu psychologischen Unterstützungsangeboten nach Notfällen ist teils unzureichend, neue Versorgungsabläufe und -systeme müssen dringend etabliert werden.
Wie wird man eine Diagnose wieder los?
Authors: Dahm-Mory Claudia , Beth Wolfgang , Berg Stephanie , Michels Torsten
Published: March 2020

Eine 28 Jahre alte Frau stellt sich auf Empfehlung ihrer Hausärztin in der Tagesklinik vor – sie leidet unter Antriebslosigkeit sowie gedrückter Stimmung und Konzentrationsschwierigkeiten. In der Vergangenheit verletzte sie sich selbst und war drogenabhängig.
Krisen bei körperlichen Erkrankungen
Authors: Stein Barbara
Published: March 2020

Jede körperliche Erkrankung ist ein Einschnitt in das Lebensgefüge des Erkrankten. Ob sie als Krise erlebt wird, hängt von vielen Faktoren ab: der aktuellen Lebenssituation des Betroffenen, den Bewältigungsressourcen, der Art der Erkrankung, den Krankheitsfolgen, der Bedeutung der Krankheit für das Individuum etc. Der Beitrag gibt Hinweise für die psychotherapeutische Begleitung von körperlich Kranken, die sich im Alltag bewährt haben.
Krisen: Merkmale, Varianten, Bewältigung
Authors: Lieb Hans
Published: March 2020

Es gibt kein Leben ohne Krisen. Krisen bezeichnen Übergangszeiten, in denen etwas ist nicht mehr so, wie es war, in denen etwas bedroht ist, was sicher schien und in denen eine Lösungsperspektive fehlt. In individualpsychologischen Konzepten stehen die Personen im Fokus der Aufmerksamkeit, während systembezogenen z. B. Krisen in professionellen Teams, gesellschaftliche Funktionsbereiche oder der gesamten Menschheit betrachtet werden.
Teilhabeorientierte interprofessionelle ambulante
Schlaganfallnachsorge durch Bezugstherapeuten
Authors: Pott Claudia
Published: March 2020

Häufig fehlt ein gemeinsamer Erfahrungshintergrund von Forschenden und klinisch
Tätigen, und vielfach mangelt es an einem Prozedere, das eine systematische
Auswertung der Ergebnisse von Forschungsprojekten im Hinblick auf den
Transferprozess gewährleistet. Das sind nur zwei von sicherlich vielen möglichen
Gründen, warum in der Neurorehabilitation bzw. Nachsorge Tätige eine Divergenz
zwischen Forschungsergebnissen und der Versorgungsrealität erleben. Umso
erfreulicher ist es, von einem erfolgreichen Leuchtturmprojekt in
Schleswig-Holstein berichten zu können, das aus einer von Patienten und
Therapeuten erlebten Versorgungsnot heraus geboren worden ist.
Krisenbewältigungsstile: Merkmale, Erlebensweisen, therapeutische Konsequenzen
Authors: Lieb Hans , Brink Barbara
Published: March 2020

Fünf Krisenbewältigungsstile werden vorgestellt: „Schnelle Handler“, „Nebler nach innen und nach außen“, „Chronisch Kriselnde und Krisensensible“, „Einsame Wölfe“ und „Wisser und Vergesser“. Diese Typologisierung kann TherapeutInnen und KlientInnen unterstützen, die jeweiligen krisenspezifischen Verhaltens- und Leidensmuster besser zu verstehen und therapeutische Strategien den jeweiligen Stilen anzupassen.
Wie kann man methodisch gut forschen?
Authors: Elsner Bernhard , Mehrholz Jan
Published: March 2020

Kaum zu glauben, aber auch Forschung verursacht Müll, und zwar den sogenannten
Forschungsmüll. Es handelt sich um Ergebnisse, die weder für die direkte
Anwendung noch für relevanten Wissenszuwachs dienlich sind. Wie sich diese
Forschungsabfallprodukte reduzieren und aussagekräftige Ergebnisse erzielen
lassen, beschreibt der vorliegende Artikel.
Herausforderungen und aktuelle Entwicklungen in der
logopädischen Forschung
Authors: Klonowski Madleen
Published: March 2020

Das Konzept der „Evidenzbasierung“ gewinnt in der Medizin zunehmend an Bedeutung.
In diesem Zuge wird von der Medizin, ebenso wie von den Gesundheitsfachberufen,
erwartet, Therapien auf der Grundlage von neuesten wissenschaftlichen
Erkenntnissen anzubieten. Für den Bereich der Logopädie und Sprachtherapie
stellt dies vor dem Hintergrund einer erschwerten Machbarkeit klinischer Studien
eine große Herausforderung dar. Studien des Evidenzlevels I sind rar,
gleichzeitig lassen sich Ergebnisse kleinerer Studien niedrigerer Evidenzniveaus
nur eingeschränkt auf die Gesamtpopulation unserer Patienten übertragen. Die
Frage nach „guter“ Forschung ist daher essenziell für den Berufsstand der
Logopädie.
Chronifizieren wir Patienten? – Yellow Flag: Therapeut
Authors: Taxer Bernhard
Published: March 2020

Chronische Schmerzsyndrome nehmen in unserer Gesellschaft zu. Tragen neben lebensstilbedingten Faktoren und gesellschaftlichen Entwicklungen auch Therapeuten und Mediziner dazu bei, dass Schmerzen persistieren? Können Physiotherapeuten neben psychosozialen Risikofaktoren selbst zur Yellow Flag werden? Eine Analyse.
Humor hilft heilen – Humor im Gesundheitswesen
Authors: Hirschhausen Eckart
Published: March 2020

Dass Humor dabei hilft, mit Schicksalsschlägen wie Krankheit, Trennung und Tod besser umzugehen, zeigt die Wissenschaft schon lange. Eckart von Hirschhausen gibt einen Überblick zum Wirkfaktor Humor im Gesundheitswesen und zu den Möglichkeiten in der Praxis.
Bardet-Biedl-Syndrom – Diagnose und klinischer Verlauf
Authors: Rohrschneider Klaus , Bolz Hanno Jörn
Published: March 2020

Das Bardet-Biedl-Syndrom (BBS) ist eine seltene, erblich bedingte Ziliopathie, bei der neben einer Netzhautdystrophie, meist in Form einer Stäbchen-Zapfen-Dystrophie (Retinitis pigmentosa, RP), zahlreiche weitere Symptome bestehen, vor allem Stammfettsucht, Polydaktylie, Nierenveränderungen und Lernbehinderung bzw. Intelligenzminderung. Mindestens 25 ursächliche Gene, die für Proteine mit wichtiger Rolle bei Entwicklung und Funktion primärer Zilien kodieren, sind bisher bekannt. Die Störung der mit zahlreichen Entwicklungssignalwegen assoziierten Zilien erklärt die in unterschiedlichen Organen auftretenden Symptome. Aufgrund der ursächlichen Beteiligung so vieler Gene ist das BBS eine Erkrankung, bei der Ärzte in besonderem Maße von neuen Methoden der molekulargenetischen Diagnostik profitieren: Durch Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) können alle krankheitsrelevanten Gene im Rahmen einer sogenannten „Panelanalyse“ parallel untersucht werden. Signifikante Genotyp-Phänotyp-Korrelationen hinsichtlich der Art der Netzhautbeteiligung bestehen nicht. Neben der klassischen autosomal-rezessiven Vererbung wurden oligogene oder triallelische Vererbungsformen, bei denen die Erkrankung aus einem kombinierten Effekt verschiedener Allele in mehreren Genen resultiert, beschrieben. Nach heutigem Kenntnisstand, der zunehmend aus großen NGS-Studien gespeist wird, spielen Letztere aber keine (wesentliche) Rolle. Mangels kausaler Therapieansätze beschränkt sich die augenärztliche Behandlung auf eine umfassende Rehabilitation mit vergrößernden Sehhilfen sowie die Versorgung mit Langstock und dem Training von lebenspraktischen Fähigkeiten.
Avaliação dos parâmetros radiográficos do alinhamento sagital e espinopélvico em pacientes com osteoartrite submetidos à artroplastia total do quadril
Authors: Sousa Vanessa da Costa , Perini Jamila Alessandra , Araújo Junior Antônio Eulálio Pedrosa , Guimarães João Antônio Matheus , Duarte Maria Eugenia Leite , Fernandes Marco Bernardo Cury
Published: March 2020

Objetivo Avaliar os parâmetros radiográficos do alinhamento sagital e espinopélvico de pacientes com osteoartrite (OA) de quadril submetidos à artroplastia total de quadril (ATQ) primária, com o intuito de definir a abordagem cirúrgica primária em pacientes com doença concomitante na coluna vertebral e na articulação do quadril.

Métodos Estudo longitudinal, prospectivo, comparativo, envolvendo 27 pacientes submetidos à ATQ e 43 indivíduos sem OA.

Resultados Foi observada associação entre doença degenerativa no quadril e na coluna nos pacientes com OA. Após a ATQ, os parâmetros radiográficos do ângulo da báscula da bacia, do eixo vertical sagital (EVS) e da razão de C7/DSF (sétima vértebra cervical/distância sacrofemoral) foram semelhantes aos valores dos voluntários sem doença articular. O alinhamento coronal global (ACG), o alinhamento sagital, as inclinações T1 e T9 espinopélvicas (IT1EP e IT9EP), a inclinação sacral (IS), a versão pélvica (VP), e o tipo de pelve e do complexo lombopélvico (CLP) não sofreram alteração depois da ATQ.

Conclusão Dentre os parâmetros do alinhamento sagital e espinopélvico avaliados, o ângulo da báscula da bacia, o EVS e a razão C7/DSF foram corrigidos após a ATQ e podem orientar o cirurgião na tomada de decisão para pacientes com doença concomitante na coluna vertebral e na articulação do quadril. A deformidade da coluna pode ser compensatória às alterações do quadril.
Sudden Cardiac Death: Can We Solve the Puzzle?
Authors: Annachhatre Ajita Suhrid
Published: March 2020

Sudden cardiac death is a leading cause of death worldwide. That is the reason it requires more focus on predicting the risk and identifying susceptible candidates to optimize risk and prevent the catastrophic events like sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and sudden cardiac death. Role of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is vital in such events. Several measures have been taken all over the world to make every person aware of SCA and cardiac compressions only CPR. Immediate intervention and advance cardiac life support requires for successful outcome. In this review we have studied the etiology, predictors, and treatment of sudden cardiac death.
Association of Obstructive Parameters of Lung Functions Estimated by Spirometry with Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease among Women of Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Kavya Kommu , Mavoori Archana , M. Aswin Kumar , Fatima Farheen , Pauniker Vaishali M. , D. Swapna , Taranikanti Madhuri
Published: March 2020

Background Declining lung functions is associated directly with cardiovascular diseases like heart failure or coronary artery disease, or the risk factors leading to cardiovascular mortality like arterial stiffness, pulse wave velocity, hypertension, etc. Exclusive studies in women are not frequently performed.

Aim The aim is to study the association between obstructive lung function estimated through spirometry and cardiovascular risk indicators like hypertension and arterial pulse wave velocity measured between carotid and femoral arteries (cf-PWV) in women.

Methods A total of 30 postmenopausal women on regular treatment for hypertension were recruited in the study. They were subjected to spirometry and computerized cf-PWV estimation. Women were grouped according to modified global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD) criteria into three groups with increasing severity of obstructive lung function.

Results Diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.04), pulse pressure (p < 0.0001), and cf-PWV (p = 0.009) were found to be significantly different between the three groups. Negative correlation existed between cf-PWV and %pred forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) in the group with most severe obstructive lung function (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.7610 was significant at p = 0.01). The strength of this negative association decreased as the severity deceased (r = 0.5603, significant at p = 0.03).

Conclusion Strong association between severity of obstructive lung function in postmenopausal women with pulse pressure was in lines with previous studies, but the diastolic blood pressure being associated is a novel finding. Also, the degree of obstructive lung function is positively associated with arterial stiffness which is an important indicator for impending cardiovascular mortality.
Introduction: Development Challenges in Myanmar: Political Development and Politics of Development Intertwined
Authors: Bjarnegård Elin
Published: March 2020

Myanmar faces enormous development challenges in the midst of a rapidly changing and uncertain landscape both in terms of politics and international aid. This article probes into the intertwined nature of political development and the politics of development, drawing upon existing literature and contributions of this special issue. It critically analyzes the mismatch between the long-term societal change processes that Myanmar faces, on the one hand, and the instability of domestic politics and international development, on the other. It is argued that the prospects for development in Myanmar need to be assessed in a context of constant interaction between political development and the politics of development.
The evolution of monsters in children’s literature
Authors: Christie Lauren
Published: March 2020

‘The Evolution of Monsters in Children’s Literature’ will chart the developing form of the monster in literature for young people and discuss ways in which different guises can alter the fear experienced by the reader. Literary monsters must continuously adapt according to the developing maturity of the reader to ensure a consistent balance of fear and imagination. In order to approach the subject of fear and monsters in children’s literature, and potential reasons behind their presence, this article will explore a wealth of issues such as: the impact of different formats (visual or text only), specific attributes or qualities that can evoke fear from the reader, and the monster as both comical and fearful. Fear in society is typically heightened when faced with the unknown entities of the future. Therefore, this article will conclude by considering the form of future monsters in order to represent this shift in anxiety and potential forms that the monster is yet to adopt.
What do we know about poverty in North Korea?
Authors: Crespo Cuaresma Jesús , Danylo Olha , Fritz Steffen , Hofer Martin , Kharas Homi , Laso Bayas Juan Carlos
Published: March 2020

Reliable quantitative information on the North Korean economy is extremely scarce. In particular, reliable income per capita and poverty figures for the country are not available. In this contribution, we provide for the first time estimates of absolute poverty rates in North Korean subnational regions based on the combination of innovative remote-sensed night-time light intensity data (monthly information for built areas) with estimated income distributions. Our results, which are robust to the use of different methods to approximate the income distribution in the country, indicate that the share of persons living in extreme poverty in North Korea may be larger than previously thought. We estimate a poverty rate for the country of around 60% in 2018 and a high volatility in the dynamics of income at the national level in North Korea for the period 2012–2018. Income per capita estimates tend to decline significantly from 2012 to 2015 and present a recovery since 2016. The subnational estimates of income and poverty reveal a change in relative dynamics since the second half of the 2012–2018 period. The first part of the period is dominated by divergent dynamics in income across regions, while the second half reveals convergence in regional income.
Correction: The dos and don’ts of influencing policy: a systematic review of advice to academics
Authors: Oliver Kathryn , Cairney Paul
Published: March 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Sonification based de novo protein design using artificial
intelligence, structure prediction, and analysis using molecular modeling
Authors: Yu Chi-Hua , Buehler Markus J.
Published: March 2020

We report the use of a deep learning model to design de novo proteins, based on the interplay of elementary building blocks via hierarchical patterns. The deep neural network model is based on translating protein sequences and structural information into a musical score that features different pitches for each of the amino acids, and variations in note length and note volume reflecting secondary structure information and information about the chain length and distinct protein molecules. We train a deep learning model whose architecture is composed of several long short-term memory units from data consisting of musical representations of proteins classified by certain features, focused here on alpha-helix rich proteins. Using the deep learning model, we then generate de novo musical scores and translate the pitch information and chain lengths into sequences of amino acids. We use a Basic Local Alignment Search Tool to compare the predicted amino acid sequences against known proteins, and estimate folded protein structures using the Optimized protein fold RecognitION method (ORION) and MODELLER. We find that the method proposed here can be used to design de novo proteins that do not exist yet, and that the designed proteins fold into specified secondary structures. We validate the newly predicted protein by molecular dynamics equilibration in explicit water and subsequent characterization using a normal mode analysis. The method provides a tool to design novel protein materials that could find useful applications as materials in biology, medicine, and engineering.
The effect of reaction temperature and time on CuInSe2 quantum dots by solvothermal method
Authors: Zhang Yunong , Yang Ying , Hou Zeyu , Jiang Xiaojie , Zhang Liang , Yang Yingying , Wang Yanlai
Published: March 2020

The solvothermal method is used to prepare CuInSe2 quantum dots (QDs). This method mainly uses ethanolamine as a solvent with CuCl2·2H2O, InCl3·4H2O, and selenium powder used as raw materials. The powder morphology, phase, and light absorption characteristics of different reaction temperatures and times were characterized in this work. Other characterization methods were used to optimize the CuInSe2QDs. It was substantiated that the optimum reaction condition is at 180 °C for 20 h, the proportion of Cu, In, and Se is 1:2:1, the particle size is 10 nm, and the emission peak is at 800 nm. Furthermore, the CuInSe2QDs with the best performance were adsorbed on the TiO2 film, and it was concluded that TiO2 could be successfully decorated via the CuInSe2QDs, and the absorption band edge was enlarged to enhance the light absorption performance.
Ultrafast dynamics of photo-excited 2-thiopyridone: Theoretical insights into triplet state population and proton transfer pathways
Authors: Norell Jesper , Odelius Michael , Vacher Morgane
Published: March 2020

Ultrafast non-adiabatic dynamics of the small heteroaromatic compound 2-thiopyridone has been studied with surface hopping simulations based on multi-configurational quantum chemistry. Initial excitation of the bright S2(π,π*) state is found to promptly relax to S1(n, π*) through in-plane motion. The subsequent dynamics are oppositely driven by out-of-plane motion, which results in both complex population transfers among all the available states and intersystem crossing predominantly through the “El-Sayed forbidden” S1(n, π*) to T2(n, π*) channel, through significant mixing of electronic excitation characters. Despite this complexity, the femto- to picosecond triplet population, expected from several spectroscopic measurements, is well described as a simple exponential decay of the singlet state manifold. No proton transfer is found in the reported trajectories, but two mechanisms for its possible mediation in previously reported experiments are proposed based on the observed structural dynamics: (i) ultrafast intra-molecular transfer driven by the initially coherent in-plane motion and (ii) inter-molecular solvent-mediated transfer driven by the out-of-plane modes that dominate the later motion.
Secondary structure effects on internal proton transfer in poly-peptides
Authors: Bouakil M. , Chirot F. , Girod M. , Dugourd P. , MacAleese L.
Published: March 2020

A pump–probe approach was designed to determine the internal proton transfer (PT) rate in a series of poly-peptide radical cations containing both histidine and tryptophan. The proton transfer is driven by the gas-phase basicity difference between residues. The fragmentation scheme indicates that the gas-phase basicity of histidine is lower than that of radical tryptophan so that histidine is always pulling the proton away from tryptophan. However, the proton transfer requires the two basic sites to be in close proximity, which is rate limited by the peptide conformational dynamics. PT rate measurements were used to probe and explore the peptide conformational dynamics in several poly-glycines/prolines/alanines. For small and unstructured peptides, the PT rate decreases with the size, as expected from a statistical point of view in a flat conformational space. Conversely, if structured conformations are accessible, the structural flexibility of the peptide is decreased. This slows down the occurrence of conformations favorable to proton transfer. A dramatic decrease in the PT rates was observed for peptides HAnW, when n changes from 5 to 6. This is attributed to the onset of a stable helix for n = 6. No such discontinuity is observed for poly-glycines or poly-prolines. In HAnW, the gas-phase basicity and helix propensity compete for the position of the charge. Interestingly, in this competition between PT and helix formation in HA6W, the energy gain associated with helix formation is large enough to slow down the PT beyond experimental time but does not ultimately prevail over the proton preference for histidine.
Spatial and temporal variation of the δ15N in Thalassia testudinum in the Mexican Caribbean (2009–2017)
Authors: Sánchez Alberto , Anguas-Cabrera Dilian , Camacho-Cruz Karla , Ortiz-Hernández M. Concepción , Aguíñiga-García Sergio
Published: March 2020

Wastewater pollution in seagrass has been documented for decades. In areas where baseline data are lacking, such as the Mexican Caribbean, the δ15N of seagrass can provide information on status and trends. The aims of this study were to determine the spatial and temporal variation in δ15N values of T. testudinum from 2009 to 2017, to explore the nature and causes of isotopic variability, which must be fully understood, and to examine how isotopic variability is linked to wastewater on the coast. Samples of T. testudinum were collected during 2011–2017 in Cancún and from 2009 to 2017 in Mahahual, and analysed on a mass spectrometer. The δ15N values in Cancún (9.0±1.3 ‰) were significantly (P<0.005) higher than those in Mahahual (1.9±0.9 ‰). Our results reflect the continuous supply of wastewater as a source of 15N in Cancún and the atmospheric deposition of dissolved inorganic nitrogen from uncontaminated groundwater in Mahahual. Mahahual is an ideal site to continue environmental monitoring of the healthy seagrass in the southern Mexican Caribbean. Meanwhile, measures on the treatment and final disposal of wastewater in Cancun must be addressed with a great priority.
Direct experimental evidence of physical origin of electronic phase separation in manganites
Authors: Miao Tian , Deng Lina , Yang Wenting , Ni Jinyang , Zheng Changlin , Etheridge Joanne , Wang Shasha , Liu Hao , Lin Hanxuan , Yu Yang , Shi Qian , Cai Peng , Zhu Yinyan , Yang Tieying , Zhang Xingmin , Gao Xingyu , Xi Chuanying , Tian Mingliang , Wu Xiaoshan , Xiang Hongjun , Dagotto Elbio , Yin Lifeng , Shen Jian
Published: March 2020

Significance

We report a breakthrough in addressing a long-standing and challenging issue: the physical origin of electronic phase separation phenomena in complex oxides. Using tricolor monoatomic superlattice growth, we provide direct experimental evidence to show that the chemical-dopants-induced disorder is crucial for electronic phase separation and colossal magnetoresistance effect. Conceptually our results are far reaching: we believe that correlated materials in general likely need deviations from ideality to display the crucial nonlinear effects important for devices.
The gerund challenge
Authors: Ghivirigă Teodora
Published: March 2020

A cursory overview of how the ‑ing forms of a small sample of verbs (see, take, do) are translated in various
types of European documents as presented on Linguee (http://www.linguee.com/)
indicates a surprising variety of possible equivalents in Romanian: infinitive and nominalized infinitive, conjunctive (preceded
by marker să), verbs in the various tenses of the indicative, nominal groups, gerunziu ‑ind/ ‑ând forms etc.

Translators often have to compensate for the fact that both English participles and gerunds are potentially
ambiguous without complements. Translating any ‑ing forms often involves obligatory or optional grammatical transformations. The
present paper proposes the creation of a (preliminary) inventory of interlinguistic correspondences of gerund forms and their
equivalents in Romanian based on real corpus (reports of the parliamentary committees) to point out the various translational
options, evaluate them quantitatively (the most/least frequently used solutions) and to reveal potential difficulties arising from
such an array of options.
Master’s students’ post-editing perception and
strategies
Authors: de Faria Pires Loïc
Published: March 2020

The present article aims at presenting the results of an
exploratory post-editing process study carried out in a Belgian university, the
University of Mons. For this experiment, 64 final-year translation students with
no post-editing experience post-edited from English into French parts of five
different institutional texts from the Directorate-General for Translation (DGT)
of the European Commission. They were additionally asked to fill in a
prospective questionnaire and a retrospective one, related to their post-editing
perception and strategies. Four students took part in the experiment on a
separate computer equipped with an eye-tracking device, so that eye-tracking
data could be collected and compared with these students’ questionnaires. We
found that results related to eye-tracking data correlate well with previous
research, and that students’ perceptions of post-editing depend on each
university’s particular context.
Martin Joos’sReadings in Linguistics
Authors: Newmeyer Frederick J.
Published: March 2020

The bookReadings in Linguisticsedited by Martin Joos is one of the best known collections of papers ever published in the field of linguistics. In this article I trace its publication history, from Bernard Bloch’s idea in1946for an anthology of important work in descriptive linguists, to the several editions of Joos’s reader between 1957 and 1995, to the present day, where citations to the book are still quite frequent. Making extensive use of unpublished material in various archives in the United States, I outline in detail the exchanges between Joos and other linguists around its publication, as well as the critical reviews that were published of the book. I attempt to explain why a collection of papers, the majority of which were published in the 1940s, is still of great interest. I offer two reasons. The first derives from the material in Joos’s prefaces to the various editions and from Joos’s editorial comments on the included articles. Practitioners of every current approach to linguistics have cited some of this material either as an opening wedge against opposing approaches or to express smug satisfaction that we know more about how science works now than we did more than a half-century ago. The second is that it provides a fascinating historical record of how linguistics used to be done — not so long ago that the approach documented is a mere historiographical curiosity, but also not so recently as to be no more than a quaint version of current theory
Parliamentary directives in New Zealand and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Baker Olja
Published: March 2020

The main aim of the present paper is to compare the realization patterns of directive speech acts produced by the
Speaker of the House of Representatives of New Zealand and the Speaker of the House of Representatives of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The paper focuses on head acts only, disregarding modification. Head acts are analyzed and compared in terms of their explicitness
and implicitness, as defined in the framework proposed by Vine (2004a, 2004b). Overall results show that explicit head acts were dominant in both data sets.
Furthermore, significant differences were noticed in terms of the findings for certain sub-forms of the explicit head acts, such
as the imperative form, which is more frequent in parliamentary directives in Serbian, as are performative verbs. Modal verbs were
typical of the parliamentary directives in English. The results are discussed in the context of the findings of previous relevant
studies.
Linguistic landscape
Authors: Spolsky Bernard
Published: March 2020

The paper starts with signs that Cooper and I found in the Old City of Jerusalem. It describes how the term Linguistic Landscape was applied to the recollections of francophone high school students of the signs they had seen. It traces the many collections of photos employing digital cameras and cell-phones, and research that was derived from these collections, including published papers and books, a journal, and an annual workshop. The paper regrets the rarity of details of authorship (but reports who was responsible for the Jerusalem street signs), and the tendency to interpret signs without detailing authorship. Signs provide evidence of the state of literacy, but ignore the sociolinguistic make-up of the local community, missing that for earlier scholars “linguistic landscape” meant speech as well as writing. It regrets the paucity of efforts to provide a theory of public signage, arguing that this could be derived from the field of Semiotics.
Tempo and affect in the Linguistic Landscape
Authors: Niedt Greg
Published: March 2020

While the role of time and emotion have been acknowledged in linguistic and semiotic landscapes research, the
particular qualities of tempo and affect have rarely been discussed directly. This case study from an Italian-American festival in
South Philadelphia, a diverse and changing urban neighborhood, demonstrates how the two qualities work together to influence the
discursive construction of identity for residents as they interact with the space. Ethnographic observation and photographs from
the two days of the festival, as well as interviews with locals, frame the discussion of how to explore the landscape through this
lens. The paper encourages researchers to devote more attention to the abstract qualities of landscapes, and serves as a starting
point for critical examinations of a place and the distribution of capital among its occupants.
Diachronic aspects of Bjokapakha epistemic verbal morphology
Authors: Grollmann Selin
Published: March 2020

Bjokapakha belongs to the Tshangla cluster of the Trans-Himalayan (Tibeto-Burman) language family and is spoken in Central Bhutan. Like many languages of the Himalayan region, Bjokapakha exhibits a rich system of epistemic functions, centering around the notion of personal or subjective knowledge (a.k.a. egophoricity, conjunct-disjunct or mirativity). Morphosyntactically, the epistemic categories of Bjokapakha are expressed by constructions involving combinations of nominalisers and copulas which exhibit varying degrees of grammaticalisation. This paper presents the epistemic categories of Bjokapakha and examines the genesis of the Bjokapakha epistemic verbal system from a comparative perspective drawing on insights from other varieties of the Tshangla cluster. Furthermore, a first reconstruction of the nominalisers and copulas of Proto-Tshangla is proposed. It will become evident that nominalisers and copulas have played a crucial role in the emergence of epistemic verbal morphology of Bjokapakha and still constitute productive means for the grammaticalisation of new epistemic categories.
‘Pour out libation to all the gods!’
Authors: Daudey Henriëtte , Pincuo Gerong
Published: March 2020

Ritual speech in many languages around the world shows grammar distinct from grammar used in daily speech. In Northern
Prinmi ritual speech we found a significant use of two exhaustive constructions, one of which is not attested in daily speech; the other is
only minimally attested. We argue that exhaustive constructions are strong expressions of the utmost degree which makes them particularly
useful to the serious occasions in which ritual speech is used, such as when pronouncing blessings or invoking the gods. We also discuss two
possible grammaticalization pathways, but find no conclusive evidence for either.