bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TESS and ESPRESSO discover a super-Earth and a mini-Neptune orbiting the K-dwarf TOI-238
Authors: Suárez Mascareño A. , Passegger V. M. , González Hernández J. I. , Armstrong D. J. , Nielsen L. D. , Lovis C. , Lavie B. , Sousa S. G. , Silva A. M. , Allart R. , Rebolo R. , Pepe F. , Santos N. C. , Cristiani S. , Sozzetti A. , Zapatero Osorio M. R. , Tabernero H. M. , Dumusque X. , Udry S. , Adibekyan V. , Allende Prieto C. , Alibert Y. , Barros S. C. C. , Bouchy F. , Castro-González A. , Collins K. A. , Damasso M. , D’Odorico V. , Demangeon O. D. S. , Di Marcantonio P. , Ehrenreich D. , Hadjigeorghiou A. , Hara N. , Hawthorn F. , Jenkins J. M. , Lillo-Box J. , Lo Curto G. , Martins C. J. A. P. , Mehner A. , Micela G. , Molaro P. , Nunes N. , Nari N. , Osborn A. , Pallé E. , Ricker G. R. , Rodrigues J. , Rowden P. , Seager S. , Stefanov A. K. , Strøm P. A. , Villaseñor J. N. S. , Watkins C. N. , Winn J. , Wohler B. , Zambelli R.
Published: February 2024

The number of super-Earth and mini-Neptune planet discoveries has increased significantly in the last two decades thanks to transit and radial velocity (RV) surveys. When it is possible to apply both techniques, we can characterise the internal composition of exoplanets, which in turn provides unique insights on their architecture, formation and evolution. We performed a combined photometric and RV analysis of TOI-238 (TYC 6398-132-1), which has one short-orbit super-Earth planet candidate announced by NASA’s TESS team. We aim to confirm its planetary nature using radial velocities taken with the ESPRESSO and HARPS spectrographs, to measure its mass, and to detect the presence of other possible planetary companions. We carried out a joint analysis by including Gaussian processes and Keplerian orbits to account for the stellar activity and planetary signals simultaneously. We detected the signal induced by TOI-238 b in the RV time series, and the presence of a second transiting planet, TOI-238 c, whose signal appears in RV and TESS data. TOI-238 b is a planet with a radius of 1.402−0.086+0.084 R⊕ and a mass of 3.40−0.45+0.46 M⊕. It orbits at a separation of 0.02118 ± 0.00038 au of its host star, with an orbital period of 1.2730988 ± 0.0000029 days, and has an equilibrium temperature of 1311 ± 28 K. TOI-238 c has a radius of 2.18 ± 0.18 R⊕ and a mass of 6.7 ± 1.1 M⊕. It orbits at a separation of 0.0749 ± 0.0013 au of its host star, with an orbital period of 8.465652 ± 0.000031 days, and has an equilibrium temperature of 696 ± 15 K. The mass and radius of planet b are fully consistent with an Earth-like composition, making it a likely rocky super-Earth. Planet c could be a water-rich planet or a rocky planet with a small H-He atmosphere.
The effect of landuse dynamics on water balance components in the Upper Oum Er Rabia Basin, Morocco
Authors: El Garouani Abdelkader , Msaddek Mohamed
Published: February 2024

The Upper Oum Er-Rbia Basin (UOERB) has been facing significant land use/land cover change and urban sprawl dynamics in recent years, in addition to significant climatic variability leading to disruption of precipitation intensity and quantity. Our approach is to identify the morphometric characteristics of the study region and monitor changes in land use and land cover by analyzing Landsat images. These factors form the input parameters for the HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Engineering Center - Hydrologic Modeling System) hydrological model for simulating daily historical hydro-climatic events. The classification of Landsat images shows that the Upper Oum Er-Rbia Basin has experienced significant landuse dynamics over the past 30 years, resulting in disrupted rainfall and recurrent flooding events. Overall, the hydrological simulation shows good agreement between observed and simulated flow hydrographs, with Nash criteria between 0.6 and 0.8. This knowledge enables us to better estimate the return flows in the catchment area, and to take appropriate action in terms of hydraulic management and development in the Upper Oum Er-Rbia Basin.
Traitement interceptif de la classe II : entre le fonctionnel et l’esthétique
Authors: Ben Amor Wiem Cirine , Jenhan Molka , Khiari Firas , Dallel Ines , Tobji Samir , Ben Amor Adel
Published: February 2024

L‘interception de la classe II est un des plus beau challenge orthodontique. En effet la réussite du traitement est tributaire du résultat esthétique et fonctionnel. Entre cas cliniques et publications scientifiques nous essayerons de présenter et de valoriser notre approche.
La rééducation fonctionnelle et somnambulisme : un cas clinique
Authors: Benazet Capucine , Dedet Pauline
Published: February 2024

Introduction : le sommeil et ses perturbations restent une énigme. Suite à un cas clinique arrivé au cabinet, nous avons voulu savoir si l’utilisation de la rééducation fonctionnelle pouvait s’ajouter à l’arsenal thérapeutique disponible pour faire face au somnambulisme. Matériel et méthode : au travers d’un rapport de cas, cet article tente de percer le lien entre somnambulisme et troubles fonctionnelles, et d’y apporter des alternatives thérapeutiques. Résultats : après 6 mois de rééducation fonctionnelle par Froggy Mouth®, le somnambulisme chronique d’un patient a presque complètement disparu. De 2 à 3 récurrences par semaine, les épisodes se sont réduits à 2 crises en 6mois. Discussion : les causes du somnambulisme sont multiples. Parmi l’une d’entre elles, les troubles respiratoires du sommeil jouent un rôle probablement plus important que ce que l’on pensait. La résolution de ces troubles entraîne conjointement la disparition du somnambulisme. La rééducation fonctionnelle offre de nombreux bénéfices dans la gestion des dysfonctions respiratoires et n’avait jamais été utilisée jusqu’alors pour résoudre des crises de somnambulisme. Or tout tend à penser qu’elle pourrait aider de nombreux patients. Conclusion : l’usage de la rééducation fonctionnelle dans la prise en charge du somnambulisme chronique apparaît comme un outil thérapeutique non-invasif, peu contraignant et efficace contre le somnambulisme quand un diagnostic de troubles fonctionnelles a été posé.
Interception des malocclusions de classe III
Authors: Le Norcy Elvire
Published: February 2024

Les malocclusions de classe III sont caractérisées par une mésiocclusion exagérée de la première molaire mandibulaire associée à une occlusion inversée incisive ou en bout à bout. Elles peuvent être aggravées par un décalage squelettique de classe III de Ballard lié à une rétrognathie maxillaire, une prognathie maxillaire ou une combinaison des deux. En fonction de l’étiologie de la malocclusion, dentaire seule ou dento-squelettique, un traitement orthodontique ou orthopédique précoce devra être mis en oeuvre afin de favoriser l’expression harmonieuse de la croissance des maxillaires, rétablir un guide incisif fonctionnel et améliorer les rapports labiaux.
Smoke on the horizon: leveling up citizen and social science to motivate health protective responses during wildfires
Authors: Prince Steven E. , Muskin Sarah E. , Kramer Samantha J. , Huang ShihMing , Blakey Timothy , Rappold Ana G.
Published: February 2024

Climate change factors and expanded population growth in the Wildland Urban Interface (transition zone between human structures and undeveloped wildland) contribute to a projected increase in wildfire frequency and smoke exposure. As an unregulated source of air pollution, reducing smoke exposure represents a difficult challenge for health risk communicators. The target audience is broad with unpredictable health impacts due to spatial and temporal variability in exposure. Beyond providing information, agencies face challenges reaching affected populations, motivating behavior change, and overcoming barriers between intentions and actions (recommended health protection). The Smoke Sense citizen science project developed a smartphone app to provide an engagement, learning, and information-sharing platform. Here we draw upon previous trends in behavioral patterns and propose a synergistic approach of citizen and behavioral science that can be applied to increase understanding of health risk and motivate new habits to reduce exposure among impacted individuals. Presentation of the approach proceeds as follows: (1) we identify several core factors that contribute to an intention-action gap, (2) identify applicable social and behavioral science principles that can bridge the gap, (3) propose explicit examples focused on theoretical principles, (4) describe small-scale user preliminary feedback and examples for monitoring and evaluating impact, and (5) provide a look to the future for collaborative citizen engagement. Current health risk communication strategies often lack consideration of behavioral factors that may enhance motivation and encourage behavior change. The proposed approach aims to leverage the strengths of citizen and social science and seeks to encourage a focused ‘digital community’ to implement new habits in the face of unpredictable and dynamic environmental threats.
A new model for residential location choice using residential trajectory data
Authors: Cui Yanzhe , Zhao Pengjun , Li Ling , Li Juan , Gong Mingyuan , Deng Yiling , Si Zihuang , Yan Shuaichen , Dang Xuewei
Published: February 2024

Traditional residential location choice (RLC) models are based on the characteristics of location and demographics, revealing important patterns of RLC, but no RLC models have yet incorporated individual preferences. This study fills this gap by integrating the pattern of home-based travel into the RLC model. Firstly, by analysing residential trajectory data collected from Beijing and Shenzhen, we find that both residents’ commuting time, that is, time spent commuting to work, and home-based non-commuting (HBNC) time, that is, time spent on the consumption of amenities when departing from homes, follow an extreme value distribution (EVT). This indicates that, based on time budget and financial constraints, residents strive to minimise commuting time and maximise HBNC time. Subsequently, by integrating these findings into individual-level RLC analysis, we obtain an RLC model that aligns with the gravity model. Throughout the model training process, we demonstrate that the RLC model exhibits strong robustness by incorporating control variables, changing the spatial scale of the observation unit, testing for endogeneity, and considering historical RLC. Moreover, the model performs well in applications including assessing dynamic changes in RLC behaviours and making predictions based on previous travel behaviours. The RLC model in this study advances our understanding of human habitat selection behaviour and can be utilised by policymakers to develop and implement effective urban planning and epidemic management policies.
Sexualized culture on livestreaming platforms: a content analysis of Twitch.tv
Authors: Anciones-Anguita Kristel , Checa-Romero Mirian
Published: February 2024

The Twitch.tv livestreaming platform, with 3 million daily viewers internationally, has become a space for online digital culture and entertainment. Given the current concern regarding the exposure of sexualized content on social networks and its consequences for adolescence, the objective of this study is to analyze, from a gender perspective, whether women become more sexualized than men during their livestreams. Using a content-analysis design, an ad-hoc scale was developed to analyze the frequency and intensity of sexualization based on context variables and streamers’ behavior such as clothing, posture, or evocation of a sexual act, among others. After analysis of the livestreams (n = 1920), our scale made it possible to distinguish three levels of intensity: non-sexualized, sexualized, or hypersexualized. Statistically significant evidences was found in the level of sexualization between men and women in different categories of livestreaming. The results show that women are self-sexualized more and in greater intensity than men; there are also differences in the behavior and context of their livestreams. The sexualized representation of women in the media shapes gender attitudes, dehumanizes women, and legitimizes violence against them, and so it is essential to understand the role of media platforms in self-sexualization and the consequences to show women as sexual objects, principally for young people.
Hyaluronic acid may prevent or treat life-threatening vascular malformations
Authors: Lim Alane
Published: February 2024

New 3D model shows restoring certain types of hyaluronic acid can dampen growth of vascular malformations that can lead to fatal brain hemorrhages.
Scat contents of a spotted-tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus) reveal evidence of broad-toothed rat (Mastacomys fuscus) within a fragmented habitat in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales
Authors: Henderson T. , Nest C.
Published: February 2024

We found evidence of a broad-toothed rat (Mastacomys fuscus) in a spotted-tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus) scat collected within a fragmented site in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales. The nearest known population of M. fuscus is located 50 km away in the Barrington Tops, where the population is listed as endangered. This is a potentially significant discovery for the conservation of this species and suggests that it may exist in a fragmented landscape outside its current distribution. We recommend further research is undertaken to determine if a population does exist near to where the sample was collected.
Evidence supports a causal association between allele-specific vitamin D receptor binding and multiple sclerosis among Europeans
Authors: Adams Cameron , Manouchehrinia Ali , Quach Hong L. , Quach Diana L. , Olsson Tomas , Kockum Ingrid , Schaefer Catherine , Ponting Chris P. , Alfredsson Lars , Barcellos Lisa F.
Published: February 2024

Although evidence exists for a causal association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) serum levels, and multiple sclerosis (MS), the role of variation in vitamin D receptor (VDR) binding in MS is unknown. Here, we leveraged previously identified variants associated with allele imbalance in VDR binding (VDR-binding variant; VDR-BV) in ChIP-exo data from calcitriol-stimulated lymphoblastoid cell lines and 25(OH)D serum levels from genome-wide association studies to construct genetic instrumental variables (GIVs). GIVs are composed of one or more genetic variants that serve as proxies for exposures of interest. Here, GIVs for both VDR-BVs and 25(OH)D were used in a two-sample Mendelian Randomization study to investigate the relationship between VDR binding at a locus, 25(OH)D serum levels, and MS risk. Data for 13,598 MS cases and 38,887 controls of European ancestry from Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Swedish MS studies, and the UK Biobank were included. We estimated the association between each VDR-BV GIV and MS. Significant interaction between a VDR-BV GIV and a GIV for serum 25OH(D) was evidence for a causal association between VDR-BVs and MS unbiased by pleiotropy. We observed evidence for associations between two VDR-BVs (rs2881514, rs2531804) and MS after correction for multiple tests. There was evidence of interaction between rs2881514 and a 25(OH)D GIV, providing evidence of a causal association between rs2881514 and MS. This study is the first to demonstrate evidence that variation in VDR binding at a locus contributes to MS risk. Our results are relevant to other autoimmune diseases in which vitamin D plays a role.
A comprehensive patient-specific prediction model for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis progression
Authors: Al Turkestani Najla , Li Tengfei , Bianchi Jonas , Gurgel Marcela , Prieto Juan , Shah Hina , Benavides Erika , Soki Fabiana , Mishina Yuji , Fontana Margherita , Rao Arvind , Zhu Hongtu , Cevidanes Lucia
Published: February 2024

Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) is a prevalent degenerative disease characterized by chronic pain and impaired jaw function. The complexity of TMJ OA has hindered the development of prognostic tools, posing a significant challenge in timely, patient-specific management. Addressing this gap, our research employs a comprehensive, multidimensional approach to advance TMJ OA prognostication. We conducted a prospective study with 106 subjects, 74 of whom were followed up after 2 to 3 y of conservative treatment. Central to our methodology is the development of an innovative, open-source predictive modeling framework, the Ensemble via Hierarchical Predictions through Nested cross-validation tool (EHPN). This framework synergistically integrates 18 feature selection, statistical, and machine learning methods to yield an accuracy of 0.87, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.72 and an F1 score of 0.82. Our study, beyond technical advancements, emphasizes the global impact of TMJ OA, recognizing its unique demographic occurrence. We highlight key factors influencing TMJ OA progression. Using SHAP analysis, we identified personalized prognostic predictors: lower values of headache, lower back pain, restless sleep, condyle high gray level-GL-run emphasis, articular fossa GL nonuniformity, and long-run low GL emphasis; and higher values of superior joint space, mouth opening, saliva Vascular-endothelium-growth-factor, Matrix-metalloproteinase-7, serum Epithelial-neutrophil-activating-peptide, and age indicate recovery likelihood. Our multidimensional and multimodal EHPN tool enhances clinicians' decision-making, offering a transformative translational infrastructure. The EHPN model stands as a significant contribution to precision medicine, offering a paradigm shift in the management of temporomandibular disorders and potentially influencing broader applications in personalized healthcare.
Homophily modulates double descent generalization in graph convolution networks
Authors: Shi Cheng , Pan Liming , Hu Hong , Dokmanić Ivan
Published: February 2024

Graph neural networks (GNNs) excel in modeling relational data such as biological, social, and transportation networks, but the underpinnings of their success are not well understood. Traditional complexity measures from statistical learning theory fail to account for observed phenomena like the double descent or the impact of relational semantics on generalization error. Motivated by experimental observations of “transductive” double descent in key networks and datasets, we use analytical tools from statistical physics and random matrix theory to precisely characterize generalization in simple graph convolution networks on the contextual stochastic block model. Our results illuminate the nuances of learning on homophilic versus heterophilic data and predict double descent whose existence in GNNs has been questioned by recent work. We show how risk is shaped by the interplay between the graph noise, feature noise, and the number of training labels. Our findings apply beyond stylized models, capturing qualitative trends in real-world GNNs and datasets. As a case in point, we use our analytic insights to improve performance of state-of-the-art graph convolution networks on heterophilic datasets.
Dynamic electrical synapses rewire brain networks for persistent oscillations and epileptogenesis
Authors: Yang Ya-Chin , Wang Guan-Hsun , Chou Ping , Hsueh Shu-Wei , Lai Yi-Chen , Kuo Chung-Chin
Published: February 2024

One of the very fundamental attributes for telencephalic neural computation in mammals involves network activities oscillating beyond the initial trigger. The continuing and automated processing of transient inputs shall constitute the basis of cognition and intelligence but may lead to neuropsychiatric disorders such as epileptic seizures if carried so far as to engross part of or the whole telencephalic system. From a conventional view of the basic design of the telencephalic local circuitry, the GABAergic interneurons (INs) and glutamatergic pyramidal neurons (PNs) make negative feedback loops which would regulate the neural activities back to the original state. The drive for the most intriguing self-perpetuating telencephalic activities, then, has not been posed and characterized. We found activity-dependent deployment and delineated functional consequences of the electrical synapses directly linking INs and PNs in the amygdala, a prototypical telencephalic circuitry. These electrical synapses endow INs dual (a faster excitatory and a slower inhibitory) actions on PNs, providing a network-intrinsic excitatory drive that fuels the IN–PN interconnected circuitries and enables persistent oscillations with preservation of GABAergic negative feedback. Moreover, the entities of electrical synapses between INs and PNs are engaged in and disengaged from functioning in a highly dynamic way according to neural activities, which then determine the spatiotemporal scale of recruited oscillating networks. This study uncovers a special wide-range and context-dependent plasticity for wiring/rewiring of brain networks. Epileptogenesis or a wide spectrum of clinical disorders may ensue, however, from different scales of pathological extension of this unique form of telencephalic plasticity.
Fine-tuning activation specificity of G-protein-coupled receptors via automated path searching
Authors: Ti Rujuan , Pang Bin , Yu Leiye , Gan Bing , Ma Wenzhuo , Warshel Arieh , Ren Ruobing , Zhu Lizhe
Published: February 2024

Physics-based simulation methods can grant atomistic insights into the molecular origin of the function of biomolecules. However, the potential of such approaches has been hindered by their low efficiency, including in the design of selective agonists where simulations of myriad protein–ligand combinations are necessary. Here, we describe an automated input-free path searching protocol that offers (within 14 d using Graphics Processing Unit servers) a minimum free energy path (MFEP) defined in high-dimension configurational space for activating sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) by arbitrary ligands. The free energy distributions along the MFEP for four distinct ligands and three S1PRs reached a remarkable agreement with Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) measurements of G-protein dissociation. In particular, the revealed transition state structures pointed out toward two S1PR3 residues F263/I284, that dictate the preference of existing agonists CBP307 and BAF312 on S1PR1/5. Swapping these residues between S1PR1 and S1PR3 reversed their response to the two agonists in BRET assays. These results inspired us to design improved agonists with both strong polar head and bulky hydrophobic tail for higher selectivity on S1PR1. Through merely three in silico iterations, our tool predicted a unique compound scaffold. BRET assays confirmed that both chiral forms activate S1PR1 at nanomolar concentration, 1 to 2 orders of magnitude less than those for S1PR3/5. Collectively, these results signify the promise of our approach in fine agonist design for G-protein-coupled receptors.
Reported language choice and usage of teenage Mauritians
Authors: Bissoonauth Anu , Rando Gaetano
Published: February 2024

This article investigates language choice and usage of teenage Mauritians and possible variations due to gender
differences. Drawing on quantitative and qualitative data from our investigation, we analyse language differences in male and
female students when interacting with peers, using social media, evaluating language preference and making future plans. The
findings reveal that teenage girls are more likely to use trilingual combinations (English, French, Kreol) in everyday
interactions with friends and on social media whereas boys tend to favour Kreol predominantly. Respondents’ language attitudes
towards English and French were influenced by academic success, opportunities for global mobility and employment. Positive
attitudes towards Kreol were associated with its role as the Mauritian native language that allows ease of communication.
Quadralingual combinations (English, French, Kreol and an Asian heritage language) were low, but preference for heritage languages
was related to one’s cultural and ancestral ties as well as career prospects.
Simulations of the correlated momentum distributions for nonsequential double ionization of neon in elliptically polarized laser fields
Authors: Chen Zhangjin , Chen Qinghua , Kang Huipeng , Morishita Toru
Published: February 2024

We use the improved quantitative rescattering (QRS) model to simulate the experimentally measured correlated two-electron momentum distributions (CMDs) for nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) of Ne exposed to intense elliptically polarized laser pulses with a central wavelength of 788 nm at a peak intensity of 5

×

10

14

W cm−2 for the ellipticities ranging from 0 to 0.25 (Kang et al 2018 Phys. Rev. A 97 063403). Only the CMDs for recollision direct ionization are calculated and the contribution from recollision excitation with subsequent ionization is ignored. With the assumption that recollisions occur after the zero crossing of the electric field along the major polarization, the QRS model successfully reproduces the experimentally observed asymmetry pattern of electron pairs in the CMDs for NSDI of Ne under elliptical polarization. By reducing the peak intensity claimed in experiment by about 30%, good agreement is achieved between the present results and the experimental measurements.
How to enhance the polarization intensity of two-dimensional sliding ferroelectricity for hexagonal boron- or nitrogen-based binary compounds?
Authors: Xu Jinrong , Yang Ziyue , Liu Wenjing , Wang Li , Wang Ying
Published: February 2024

In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) sliding ferroelectric (SFE) materials have received widespread attention due to their unique ferroelectric mechanism, which exists in van der Waals bilayer and multilayer systems. However, compared to traditional ferroelectric materials, their relatively weak polarization intensity and low energy barrier limit their practical applications. Here, using the first-principles calculations, we focus on hexagonal layered structures formed by group III–V elements and propose a design principle that utilizes bilayer materials composed of elements with significant differences in atomic electronegativity to address this issue. The results show that materials composed of two atoms with significant electronegativity differences can effectively increase the polarization intensity and possess moderate energy barriers. Furthermore, the polarization intensity can be effectively modulated by adjusting interlayer distance. The research findings have important significance for the exploration of other 2D SFE materials with high polarization intensity.
Viscoelasticity, stiffness gradient and their effects on adhesion of an epoxy shape memory polymer
Authors: Gong Ling , Wang Xiaojie
Published: February 2024

The shape memory polymer based adhesives have demonstrated excellent programmable switchable adhesion, in which the material properties play an important role. Here, the viscoelasticity, stiffness gradient, and their effects on adhesion of an epoxy shape memory polymer (ESMP) were studied. The ESMP sample and polydimethylsiloxane control sample were fabricated firstly by mold casting and curing techniques. The sample was fixed on an electric heating plate with double-sided tape to conduct the adhesion measurements against a hemispherical glass indenter under different temperature and displacement conditions by using an adhesion tester and the temperature measurements on the double-sided tape and ESMP sample surfaces by using a digital thermodetector. Based on the measured force–displacement–time data, the hysteresis behavior and internal dissipation were evaluated; the peak force relaxation was studied; the reduced modulus was calculated and the stiffness gradient features were evaluated. The results show that the ESMP sample exhibits strong viscoelasticity and significantly enhanced adhesion that strongly depends on the compressive displacement in the glass-rubber transition zone near it is glass transition temperature (

T

g

), while weaker viscoelasticity and lower adhesion in the soft rubbery state. The reduced modulus of the ESMP sample obviously decreases with the increasing compressive displacement at a preset temperature below 70 °C. It is found that there exists a linear relation between the pull-off force, effective work of adhesion, reduced modulus, and contact area. This study helps deeply understand the material properties and adhesion mechanism of the ESMP, which can guide the design of switchable adhesives.
Assessment of self-healing performance of cement-based materials incorporating ion chelator and industrial wastes
Authors: Wang Ruiyang , Yu Jianying , Liu Quantao , Kuang Dongliang
Published: February 2024

Ion chelator can enhance the self-healing of cracks and pores in concrete. To further improve the self-healing capability of cement-based materials, different industrial wastes (i.e. fly ash, limestone powder and blast furnace slag (BFS)) and ion chelator were mixed into mortar. The crack closure index, water permeability, water absorption, impermeability, compressive strength recovery and healing products of mortar were studied. The results showed that the mortar mixed with BFS and ion chelator possessed the best repair ability on cracks, the crack with a maximum width of 0.55 mm can be closed within 14 d. Meanwhile, the water permeability and water absorption of mortar incorporating ion chelator and BFS were obviously smaller than that of control mortar. After curing for 56 d, the chloride diffusion coefficient of mortar containing ion chelator and BFS was reduced by 73.7% compared with control mortar. The compressive strength recovery ratio of mortar containing ion chelator and BFS was 63.7% greater than that of control mortar after pre-loading 80% of the failure strength. In addition, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy displayed a large number of calcites at the edge of crack section in mortar containing ion chelator and BFS, the inside of crack was mainly repaired by the combined effect of calcium carbonate precipitation and hydration product.
Structural design and multi-objective optimization of a novel asymmetric magnetorheological damper
Authors: Liang Huijun , Fu Jie , Li Wei , Xia Dongbin , Luo Lei , Yu Miao
Published: February 2024

The MRD with continuously adjustable damping, small compression, and large extension for asymmetric output may improve all-terrain vehicle impact resistance and vibration reduction performance in a variety of conditions. A novel conical flow channel asymmetric MRD (CFC-MRD) is proposed to solve the structure complexity stroke sacrifice, and lack of failure protection concerns in currently studied asymmetric MRD structures. In the design, the non-parallel plate magnetic circuit characteristics of CFC-MRD are investigated, including theoretical analysis and finite element modeling, and the correctness of the model is proved by testing. Considerations in multi-objective optimization include special performance imposing extra restrictions, and making the work more complicated and prone to local optima. To address this, the Nelder–Mead approach is utilized, which decreases the complexity of the optimization model while simultaneously managing performance conflicts. And a collaborative optimization strategy employing Comsol and Matlab tools is applied to improve optimization efficiency. The greatest difference between theoretical optimized values and real values is less than 6.77% in the experiments, showing the efficiency of the CFC-MRD structure design and optimization process.
Hybridization of electromagnetic multipoles in a nanoscatterer in the presence of another nanoscatterer
Authors: Sehrawat Sagar , Kolkowski Radoslaw , Shevchenko Andriy
Published: February 2024

Coupling between multipolar modes of different orders has not been investigated in depth, despite its fundamental and practical relevance in the context of optical metamaterials and metasurfaces. Here, we use an electromagnetic multipole expansion of both the scattered fields and the oscillating electric currents to reveal the multipolar excitations in a nanoparticle positioned close to another nanoparticle. The considered single-particle multipoles radically differ from multipoles excited in a pair of nanoparticles. Using the expansion, we reveal the multipole character of the electric currents and the contributions of the multipole moments to the scattering cross section of each particle, including the effect of their interaction. We find that light scattered by the particles plays the role of an inhomogeneous incident field for each of the particles, leading to hybridization of the originally independent orthogonal multipole resonances. For an incident plane wave polarized along the nanoparticle pair, the hybridization of the dipole and quadrupole resonances gives rise to a significant narrowband resonance in the spectrum of the dipole scattering, which can be of interest for various applications, e.g. in surface-enhanced fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy. In general, this work shows that the multipole-multipole interaction between nanoparticles must be treated by taking into account also such hybridized multipole resonances.
Microscopic contributions to the entropy production at all times: from nonequilibrium steady states to global thermalization
Authors: Usui Ayaka , Ptaszyński Krzysztof , Esposito Massimiliano , Strasberg Philipp
Published: February 2024

Based on exact integration of the Schrödinger equation, we numerically study microscopic contributions to the entropy production for the single electron transistor, a paradigmatic model describing a single Fermi level tunnel coupled to two baths of free fermions. To this end, we decompose the entropy production into a sum of information theoretic terms and study them across all relevant time scales, including the nonequilibrium steady state regime and the final stage of global thermalization. We find that the entropy production is dominated for most times by microscopic deviations from thermality in the baths and the correlation between (but not inside) the baths. Despite these microscopic deviations from thermality, the temperatures and chemical potentials of the baths thermalize as expected, even though our model is integrable. Importantly, this observation is confirmed for both initially mixed and pure states. We further observe that the bath-bath correlations are quite insensitive to the system-bath coupling strength contrary to intuition. Finally, the system-bath correlation, small in an absolute sense, dominates in a relative sense and displays pure quantum correlations for all studied parameter regimes.
Quantum neural network with privacy protection of input data and training parameters
Authors: Fang Cheng , Chang Yan
Published: February 2024

It takes a lot of computational resources to train a machine learning model. So does quantum machine learning. In the NISQ (Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum) era, there is a need for users who cannot afford quantum computers to utilize quantum servers to complete quantum machine learning with protection privacy of data and model parameters. In this paper, novel homomorphic encryption methods and circuit design with hidden parameter for

R

z

,

R

x

and

R

y

gate are putting forward. Based on which, we further propose quantum neural network (QNN) with privacy protection of input data and training parameters, where hiding model parameters has hardly mentioned in existing literature. To verify the validity of the proposed scheme, we conducted experiments on MNIST and Iris datasets, and obtained losses and accuracy that are almost identical to the original algorithms. Experiments show that our scheme can protect privacy well in the training and have no effect on accuracy of the algorithm. By comparison, the proposed scheme is more secure than most existing literature and requires less extra complexity O(4n).
Design and diversity performance analysis of C shape engraved miniaturised, and high gain Quad-Port MIMO antenna for 5 G and P2P communication
Authors: Almawgani Abdulkarem H M , Lavadiya Sunil , Sorathiya Vishal , Alhawari Adam R H
Published: February 2024

The 4-Port multiband operated MIMO antenna operating at 4 GHz, 6 GHz and 9 GHz is proposed to target the 5 G and P2P communication applications. The electrical size of the 4-Port antenna structure is 0.8λ × 0.48λ. The unique shape of a single radiating patch element is identified by engraving a circular shape patch element and modifying the shape of the feedline. The optimisation in terms of return loss was achieved based on the defected ground structure and changing radius of different elements of the patch structure. The 2-Port and 4-Port MIMO antenna structures are designed using the FR4 substrate and their return loss is compared and examined. The proposed design provides a minimum return loss of −22 dB, peak bandwidth of 2.25 GHz, peak gain of 4.67 dB, and normalised directivity of 187°. Different MIMO diversity parameters are analysed. The proposed design provides an envelope correlation coefficient of 0.01, Diversity gain near 10 dB, mean effective gain of almost zero, channel capacity loss of almost zero and Mean effective gain within the acceptable range. The overall Performance of the Proposed Design is compared with other 4-Port design structures and it represents healthy gain, multiple band response and proper diversity parameters making it suitable for the 5 G and P2P communication applications.
Microdischarge dynamics of volume DBD under the natural convection airflow
Authors: Ussenov Y A , Ashirbek A I , Dosbolayev M K , Gabdullin M T , Ramazanov T S
Published: February 2024

The dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) at ambient air conditions exhibits discrete structure and contains thin microdischarge plasma filaments. Understanding the formation, self-interaction, and dynamics of such filaments is crucial towards the generation of uniform diffuse-like DBD in air, and also for the study of the memory effects and self-organized complex patterns. In this paper, the impact of natural convective flow, driven by the temperature gradient between self-heated discharge cell electrodes and ambient air, on the collective dynamics of microdischarges was studied in parallel-plate volume dielectric barrier discharge for the different geometrical arrangements. The horizontal arrangement corresponds to the parallel direction of discharge propagation and convective flow, while in the vertical arrangement buoyancy flow transverse to the discharge propagation column. For the horizontal arrangement, the randomly directed motion of microdischarges was observed. While at the vertical arrangement of the discharge cell, the buoyancy flow initiates the directed motion of the microdischarges following the gas flow. The continuous self-heating of the barrier electrodes during the DBD operation leads to a larger thermal gradient and increasing in the microdischarge channels. The larger thermal gradient results in a more pronounced directed motion of microdischarges with a higher velocity. The velocity of convective flow in the discharge gap was estimated by the simulation and compared with the mean velocity of MD channels obtained by the particle image velocimetry method.
Thermodynamic properties of the noncommutative quantum Hall effect with anomalous magnetic moment
Authors: Oliveira R R S , Landim R R
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we study the thermodynamic properties of the noncommutative quantum Hall effect (NCQHE) with anomalous magnetic moment (AMM) for both relativistic and nonrelativistic cases at high temperatures, where the thermodynamic properties are: the Helmholtz free energy, the entropy, the mean energy, and the heat capacity. We also work with the Euler-MacLaurin formula to construct the partition function. Next, we plotted the graphs of properties as a function of temperature for different values of the magnetic field and of the NC parameters. We note that the Helmholtz free energy decreases with the temperature, increases with the NC parameters, and can decrease or increase with the magnetic field, while the entropy increases with the temperature, decreases with the NC parameters, and can decrease or increase with the magnetic field. Besides, the mean energy increases linearly with the temperature and the heat capacity satisfies the Dulong-Petit law, which also verified that the AMM does not influence the thermodynamic properties.
Self-focusing/defocusing of skew-cosh-Gaussian laser beam for collisional plasma
Authors: Khandale K Y , Patil S S , Takale P T , Patil A S , Patil R T , Patil S D , Takale M V
Published: February 2024

The inverse relationship between the linear increase in skewness parameter s and the domain’s width of the order of skewness n plays a vital role in both critical beam radius and propagation dynamics of skew-cosh-Gaussian (skew-chG) laser beams. The interplay between the skewness parameter s and the order of skewness n is explored analytically and graphically in the current study to unveil the complexity of the propagation dynamics of the skew-chG laser beam. Naturally, the intensity’s complexity considerably affects the dielectric constant of the medium. Basically, the nonlinearity in the dielectric function of collisional plasma is attributed to the non-uniform heating of energy carriers along the wavefront of the laser beam, which becomes important and is used in the current study. By following Akhmanov’s parabolic wave equation approach under Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin and paraxial approximations, the nonlinear differential equations are set up for the beam width parameters f
1 and f
2 and solved numerically. The present work analytically investigates the domains of the order n of skew-chG laser beams for a given set of skewness parameter s to investigate their effects on the self-focusing and defocusing of skew-chG laser beams. The critical curve also gets affected significantly due to the choice of domains for n. Finally, the numerical results are presented in the form of graphs and discussed in this study.
Revealing trends in extreme heatwave intensity: applying the UNSEEN approach to Nordic countries
Authors: Berghald S , Mayer S , Bohlinger P
Published: February 2024

The increase in heatwave intensity, causing heat stress and crop failures in many regions is a concerning impact of global climate change. In northern Europe, significant interannual variability previously prevented robust assessments of trends in heat extremes. However, with a large-ensemble seasonal hindcasts and archived forecasts dataset covering 1981–2022 multiple realisations of weather patterns can be pooled and assessed. What are recent trends of extreme temperatures? Has the risk for a 100-year heatwave event increased in Northern Europe? We apply the UNSEEN (UNprecedented Simulated Extremes using ENsembles) approach to assess the credibility of the model ensemble and use non-stationary extreme value analysis to quantify recent trends in extreme 3-day heatwaves in late spring and early summer (May to July). We find significant non-stationarity and positive trends in annual maximum heatwave intensity. We also show that heatwave volatility, i.e. the risk of clearly outstanding heatwaves, is highest in central Scandinavia.
Photostable selenium-assisted ZnS nanocomposite with efficient visible light photocatalytic activity
Authors: Sohel Alveera , Singh Sarika
Published: February 2024

Selenium-assisted ZnS nanocomposite has been successfully prepared through a simple soft chemical route and their photocatalytic activity was also investigated for degradation of methylene and rhodamine B dye under ultraviolet and sunlight irradiation. Various surface analysis techniques such as XRD, SEM, TEM, UV-visible, XPS, and photoluminescence were used to analyze the formation of Se/ZnS nanocomposites. XRD studies confirmed the formation of the selenium phase along with ZnS and zinc methacrylate. SEM images showed that ZnS and Se nanoparticles self-aggregated to form three-dimensional spherical nano-assemblies of an average size of about 527 nm. The presence of a different type of defect in Se/ZnS was analyzed from PL spectra. The photocatalytic study revealed the complete degradation of methylene blue in 75 min with a rate constant of 0.073 min−1 under UV light irradiation. In contrast, rhodamine B (RhB) degraded in 90 min with a corresponding rate constant of 0.038 min−1 under the same time duration. Further, this nanocomposite was also efficient under natural sunlight, and almost 85% degradation was achieved after 180 min. Thus, the synergistic effect of strong absorption under UV and visible light source of Se/ZnS nanocomposite minimizes the photogenerated electron-hole pair recombination., which makes them excellent photocatalysts towards the degradation of dyes. Also, this nanocomposite reduced the photo-corrosion under light irradiation and improved photocatalytic stability. In addition, scavenger studies and electron spin resonance in combination with spin trapping technique were used to analyze the contribution of reactive species involved in photocatalysis process.
Spatio-temporal patterns and trends in MODIS-retrieved radiative forcing by snow impurities over the Western US from 2001 to 2022
Authors: Jensen Anna S , Rittger Karl , Raleigh Mark S
Published: February 2024

The seasonal mountain snowpack of the Western US (WUS) is a key water resource to millions of people and an important component of the regional climate system. Impurities at the snow surface can affect snowmelt timing and rate through snow radiative forcing (RF), resulting in earlier streamflow, snow disappearance, and less water availability in dry months. Predicting the locations, timing, and intensity of impurities is challenging, and little is known concerning whether snow RF has changed over recent decades. Here we analyzed the relative magnitude and spatio-temporal variability of snow RF across the WUS at three spatial scales (pixel, watershed, regional) using remotely sensed RF from spatially and temporally complete (STC) MODIS data sets (STC-MODIS Snow Covered Area and Grain Size/MODIS Dust Radiative Forcing on Snow) from 2001 to 2022. To quantify snow RF impacts, we calculated a pixel-integrated metric over each snowmelt season (1st March–30th June) in all 22 years. We tested for long-term trend significance with the Mann–Kendall test and trend magnitude with Theil–Sen’s slope. Mean snow RF was highest in the Upper Colorado region, but notable in less-studied regions, including the Great Basin and Pacific Northwest. Watersheds with high snow RF also tended to have high spatial and temporal variability in RF, and these tended to be near arid regions. Snow RF trends were largely absent; only a small percent of mountain ecoregions (0.03%–8%) had significant trends, and these were typically decreasing trends. All mountain ecoregions exhibited a net decline in snow RF. While the spatial extent of significant RF trends was minimal, we found declining trends most frequently in the Sierra Nevada, North Cascades, and Canadian Rockies, and increasing trends in the Idaho Batholith. This study establishes a two-decade chronology of snow impurities in the WUS, helping inform where and when RF impacts on snowmelt may need to be considered in hydrologic models and regional hydroclimate studies.