bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Clinically Validated Viral Superinfection Therapy (SIT) Platform Technology May Mitigate Severe Cases of COVID-19 Infections
Authors: Kovesdi Imre , Ranst Marc Van , Chumakov Peter M. , Sandig Volker , Bakacs Tibor
Published: March 2020

The transmission characteristic of COVID-19 is of similar magnitude to severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the 1918 pandemic influenza. The virus is now in more than 100 countries and on nearly all continents. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. There is no current evidence from random clinical trials (RCTs) to recommend any specific anti-COVID-19 treatment for patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection. In order to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak, here we propose an innovative superinfection therapeutic (SIT) strategy, which could complement the development of prophylactic vaccines. SIT is based on clinical observations that unrelated viruses might interact in co-infected patients. During SIT, the patient benefit from superinfection with an apathogenic dsRNA virus such as the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), which is a powerful activator of the interferon-dependent antiviral gene program. An attenuated vaccine strain of IBDV was already successfully administered to resolve acute and persistent infections induced by two completely different viruses, the hepatitis B (DNA) and C (RNA) viruses (HBV/HCV). Importantly, the epidemiological efficacy of a similar strategy to SIT had already been successfully tested in large controlled trials. Standard live orally administered enterovirus vaccines that stimulate the production of endogenous interferon of the host mitigated the seasonal outbreaks of influenza and other associated acute respiratory infections in 152,042 individuals without adverse reactions.
Influence of Electropulsing Treatments on Mechanical Properties of UNS S32750 Duplex Stainless Steel
Authors: Gennari Claudio , Pezzato Luca , Tarabotti Gianmarco , Zambon Andrea , Di Schino Andrea , Calliari Irene
Published: March 2020

Prestrained at 5% and 15% duplex stainless steel UNS S32750 specimens have been subjected to electropulsing treatments with current density of 100 A/mm2 and 200 A/mm2 and 100 and 500 pulses for each current density value. Corrosion tests, X-ray diffraction, microhardness and residual stresses were collected before and after the electropulsing treatments. Tensile tests were performed after the electropulsing treatments in order to compare the mechanical response to the reference tensile tests performed before the pulsing treatments. Increase in fracture strain was observed after the pulsing treatment in comparison to the reference tensile tests. A decrease in microhardness was also observed after the electropulsing treatments for both degrees of prestrain. Electropulsing treatment almost eliminates the work-hardened state in the 5% prestrained specimens while partially recovered the 15% prestrained material increasing both uniform and fracture strain. The bulk temperature of the samples remained the same for all the duration of the treatments. The effect are to be addressed to a combined effect of the increase in atomic flux due to the electrical current and local joule heating in correspondence of crystal defects. Electropulsing treatment applied to metallic alloys is a promising technique to reduce the work hardening state without the need of annealing treatments in a dedicated furnace.
Lowered Paraoxonase 1 Activities May Explain the Comorbidities Between Temporal Lobe Epilepsy or Mesial Temporal Sclerosis and Comorbid Depression, Anxiety and Psychosis
Authors: Michelin Ana Paula , Maes Mchael , Supasitthumrong Thitiporn , Limotai Chusak , Matsumoto Andressa  Keiko , de Oliveira Semeão Laura , de Lima Pedrão João Victor , Moreira Estefania Gastaldello , Kanchanatwan Buranee , Barbosa Décio Sabbatini
Published: March 2020

Background: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common focal epilepsy subtype in adults and is frequently accompanied by depression, anxiety and psychosis. Aberrations in total paraoxonase (PON)1 status may occur in TLE and those psychiatric conditions. Methods: We examined paraoxonase (PON)1 status, namely Q192R PON1 genotypes and PON1 enzymatic activities, in 40 normal controls and 104 TLE patients, 27 without comorbidities, and 77 with comorbidities including mood disorders (n=25), anxiety disorders (n=27) and psychosis (n=25). Outcomes: CMPAase and arylesterase activities were significantly lower in TLE and mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) with and without psychiatric comorbidities than in normal controls. The areas under the ROC curve of CMPAase were 0.893 (0.037) for TLE and 0.895 (±0.037) for MTS. Partial Least Squares (PLS) path analysis showed that there were specific indirect effects of PON1 genotype on TLE severity (p<0.0001) and psychopathology (p<0.0001), which were both mediated by lowered CMPAase activity, while arylesterase activity was not significant. The severity of TLE was significantly associated with psychopathology scores. Furthermore, PON1 CMPAase activity was inversely associated with Mini Mental State Examination scores. Interpretation: The severity of TLE and comorbidities are to a large extent explained by lowered PON1 enzyme activities and by effects of the Q192R genotype which are mediated by lowered CMPAase activity. Total PON1 status plays a key role in the pathophysiology of TLE, MTS and psychiatric comorbidities by increasing the risk of oxidative toxicity. PON1 enzyme activities are new drug targets in TLE to treat seizure frequency and psychiatric comorbidities.
Gut Microbiome Production and Modulation of Hormones That Influence Host Skin Health
Authors: Maguire Mia , Maguire Greg
Published: March 2020

Recently scientific research began to shift their focus on looking at both the gut and the skin microbiota as having a reciprocal and integral relationship with one another, rather than assessing them as separate and unrelated fields. In the past five years, the field of microbial endocrinology emerged, which examines how our gut microbiota influences and modulates hormones. We’ve known for decades that hormones greatly affect the condition of the skin, and many skin conditions are often treated with oral hormonal therapy as means to internally treat skin conditions visible on the dermis. Now, a growing body research and discourse examining this triad of biological spheres – gut microbiota, skin microbiota, and the endocrine system – as interconnected rather than binary and unrelated. While there is ample research established and being conducted examining the gut-skin axis, the gut-brain axis, and the gut-hormone axis, through this paper I will review and synthesize some of the significant advancements in this emerging and inclusive field of science to suggest that the fields need to expand the axis and their modality for researching these fields as a connected whole in order to better understand the role of the microbiota in disease prevention as a whole.
Applying Artificial Intelligence Techniques to Improve Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Abdullah Farid Ahmed , Selim Gamal , Khater Hatem
Published: March 2020

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a significant regular type of dementia that causes damage in brain cells. Early detection of AD acting as an essential role in global health care due to misdiagnosis and sharing many clinical sets with other types of dementia, and costly monitoring the progression of the disease over time by magnetic reasoning imaging (MRI) with consideration of human error in manual reading. Our proposed model, in the first stage, apply the medical dataset to a composite hybrid feature selection (CHFS) to extract new features for select the best features to improve the performance of the classification process due to eliminating obscures features. In the second stage, we applied a dataset to a stacked hybrid classification system to combine Jrip and random forest classifiers with six model evaluations as meta-classifier individually to improve the prediction of clinical diagnosis. All experiments conducted on a laptop with an Intel Core i7- 8750H CPU at 2.2 GHz and 16 G of ram running on windows 10 (64 bits). The dataset evaluated using an explorer set of weka data mining software for the analysis purpose. The experimental show that the proposed model of ‏(CHFS) feature extraction ‏performs better than principal component analysis (PCA), and lead to effectively reduced the false-negative rate with a relatively high overall accuracy with support vector machine (SVM) as meta-classifier of 96.50% compared to 68.83% which is considerably better than the previous state-of-the-art result. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was equal to 95.5%. Also, the experiment on MRI images Kaggle dataset of CNN classification process with 80.21% accuracy result. The results of the proposed model show an accurate classify Alzheimer's clinical samples against MRI neuroimaging for diagnoses AD at a low cost.
Detection of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Based on Deep Features
Authors: Sethy Prabira Kumar , Behera Santi Kumari
Published: March 2020

The detection of coronavirus (COVID-19) is now a critical task for the medical practitioner. The coronavirus spread so quickly between people and approaches 100,000 people worldwide. In this consequence, it is very much essential to identify the infected people so that prevention of spread can be taken. In this paper, the deep learning based methodology is suggested for detection of coronavirus infected patient using X-ray images. The support vector machine classifies the corona affected X-ray images from others using the deep feature. The methodology is beneficial for the medical practitioner for diagnosis of coronavirus infected patient. The suggested classification model, i.e. resnet50 plus SVM achieved accuracy, FPR, F1 score, MCC and Kappa are 95.38%,95.52%, 91.41% and 90.76% respectively for detecting COVID-19 (ignoring SARS, MERS and ARDS). The classification model ResNet50 plus SVM is superior compared to other classification models. The result is based on the data available in the repository of GitHub, Kaggle and Open-i as per their validated X-ray images.
Mixed Convective in an Axisymmetric Magneto Flow Owing to MoS2-GO Hybrid Nanoliquids in H2O Based Liquid through an Upright Cylinder with Shape Factor
Authors: Malaver Manuel , Kasmaei Hamed , Khan Umair , Zaib Aurang
Published: March 2020

In the presented paper, a comprehensive study will be done on shape factor analysis of MoS2-GO in H2O-C2H6O2 based hybrid nanoliquids associated with effect and influence of transverse magnetic field and thermal radiation. The effect of variation in different parameters and nanoliquids shapes under temperature and velocity distribution is explored and also non-linear thermal radiation will be analyzed. Algorithms are introduced in proportion to mathematical modeling based on their numerical results and comparative curves for further explanation. In addition, it will be done research for influence and effect of new significant parameters emerged to the model to do sensitivity analysis and also their output results are demonstrated, examined and compared together by presenting graphs and tables. Based on detailed discussions, authentication of attained results designates the high accuracy of applied methods deployed to solve presented model in the paper. Our results satisfy that our used approach is accurate, highly reliable and also effective. All mentioned steps will be described throughout the literature.
Focusing on the Unfolded Protein Response and Autophagy Related Pathways to Reposition Common Approved Drugs against COVID-19
Authors: Nabirotchkin Serguei , Peluffo Alex E. , Bouaziz Jan , Cohen Daniel
Published: March 2020

More than 179,000 individuals have fallen ill of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which first emerged in China less than four months ago in December 2019. As of today, there exist no approved treatments against COVID-19. Vaccines are being developed, but they will take time, at least one year, to reach the population. Drug repositioning represents a fast track because already approved medicines have been broadly tested through multiple trials. We developed a repositioning strategy that mostly leads to candidates that are commonly used. The advantages are that they will facilitate proof of concept in humans through a “real-world evidence” approach and should be rapidly available to the population. We focus on the established research results that the unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy pathways of the host cells are essential to the life cycle of previously known coronaviruses. We performed the relevant bioinformatics analysis to understand and confirm if SARS-CoV-2 may interact with these druggable pathways. Based on these considerations, we prioritized two additional druggable pathways, which are important to the viral life cycle and tightly connected to UPR/autophagy signaling: the mitochondrial permeability transition pores (MPTP) and NLRP-3 inflammasome pathways. These four important pathways are perturbed in most major common diseases and have therefore been targeted by numerous broadly prescribed drugs. We have identified 97 approved drugs that are known to modulate these four identified pathways, and which represent, therefore, interesting repositioning candidates. Although it is indisputable that these drugs should never be used for immediate self-medication against COVID-19, we notice that some of them could also be prescribed to individuals who have COVID-19 comorbidities (e.g., hypertension). It is debated if these comorbidities are linked to the pathology itself (e.g., hypertension) or the drugs used to treat the pathology (e.g., sartans). Therefore, relevant preclinical tests and massive electronic health records (i.e., real-world evidence) must be used to pre-screen them and check the COVID-19 prognosis of individuals taking these drugs.
Ab Initio Modelling the Structure of Proton-Sensing G-Protein Coupled Receptor GPR151
Authors: Li Wei
Published: March 2020

Protein is the proteios building block of life. Evolutionarily, its sequence is not as conserved as its structure, making it more reasonable for protein structure, instead of protein sequence, to be the descriptor of protein function. Yet, in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database, the number of experimentally identified protein sequences is in great excess of that of experimentally determined protein structures inside the almost-half-a-century old Protein Data Bank (PDB). For instance, GPR151 is an proton-sensing G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) originally identified as homologous to galanin receptors. As of March 19, 2020, GPR151’s structure has not been experimentally determined and deposited in PDB yet. Thus, an ab initio modelling approach was employed here to build a three-dimensional structure of GPR151. Overall, the ab initio GPR151 model presented herein constitutes the first structural hypothesis of GPR151 to be experimentally tested in future with previously published, currently ongoing and future GPR151 studies.
Analysis of Eddy Formation and Heat Transfer Process in Weld Pool during Plasma Keyhole Arc Welding
Authors: Van Anh Nguyen , Huu Manhh Ngo , Thanh Tam , Tran Dang , Nguyen Hai T.
Published: March 2020

This investigation aims to discuss the formation process of eddies and the heat transportation in plasma keyhole arc welding. In order to clarify this issue, the measurement of the convection inside the weld pool, the convection on the weld pool surface, also the temperature distribution on the weld pool surface were carried out. The results showed that two eddies were found in the weld pool, which is controlled mainly through the shear force by the plasma flow acting on the weld pool surface. The magnitude, extent and direction of the shear force are thought to be determined primarily by the variation of keyhole profile. The relative shape and strength of each eddy is largely changed depending on the change of the keyhole profile when nozzle diameter changed. These relative strengths of each eddy are considered to decisively govern the heat transport in the weld pool coinciding with the direction of eddies. A larger eddy near the lower part of the keyhole inside the weld pool was found out in the case of 1.6 mm, meanwhile a upward larger eddy was found out near the upper part of the keyhole inside the weld pool in the case of 2.4 mm.
Molecular Analyses of Over Hundred Sixty Clinical Isolates of SARS-CoV-2: Insights on Likely Origin, Evolution and Spread, and Possible Intervention
Authors: Jamal Salma , Singh Jasdeep , Sheikh Javaid Ahmad , Singh Hina , Khubaib Mohd , Kohli Sunil , Dobrindt Ulrich , Rahman Syed Asad , Ehtesham Nasreen Zafar , Hasnain Seyed Ehtesham
Published: March 2020

We are witnessing the severe third outbreak mediated by coronaviruses affecting global public health with unprecedented economic consequences. A better understanding of its phylogenetics, exploration of sequence features and mutational changes could unveil its genealogy to gain insights into the mechanism of transmission and development of possible interventions. Our comparative genomic analyses of >160 isolates of SARS-CoV-2 reveal phylogenetic kinship with other coronaviruses and emergence of evolutionary divergence in clinical isolates. t-SNE-based clustering revealed different clades but no continent specific clusters. Amino acid substitutions at RBD of spike protein provide possible reasons for rapid transmission. Few proteins specific to SARS-CoV-2 were identified which could have implications as therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers. Virtual screening identified repurposed drugs, known nutraceuticals, for specific interventions. These phylogenetic observations reveal the ancestry and computational studies reveal the emergency measures to interject this emerging pathogen that pose threat to whole of mankind.
A Gold Standard, CRISPR/Cas9-Based Complementation Strategy Reliant on 24 Nucleotide Bookmark Sequences
Authors: Seys François M. , Rowe Peter , Bolt Edward L. , Humphreys Christopher M. , Minton Nigel P.
Published: March 2020

Phenotypic complementation of gene knock-outs is an essential step in establishing function. Here we describe a simple strategy for ‘gold standard’ complementation in which the mutant allele is replaced in situ with a wild type (WT) allele in a procedure that exploits CRISPR/Cas9. The method relies on the prior incorporation of a unique 24 nucleotide (nt) ‘bookmark’ sequence into the mutant allele to act as a guide RNA target during its Cas9-mediated replacement with the WT allele. The bookmark comprises a 23 nt Cas9 target sequence plus an additional nt to ensure the deletion is in-frame. Here, bookmarks are tailored to Streptococcus pyogenes CRISPR/Cas9, but could be designed for any CRISPR/Cas system. For proof of concept, 9 bookmarks were tested in Clostridium autoethanogenum. Complementation efficiencies reached 91%. As complemented strains are indistinguishable from their progenitors, concerns over contamination may be satisfied by incorporation of ‘watermark’ sequences into the complementing genes.
Intracellular Membranes: Conserved Mechanisms of Formation and Regulation Throughout Evolution
Authors: Royes Mir Jorge , Biou Valérie , Dautin Nathalie , Tribet Christophe , Miroux Bruno
Published: March 2020

Membrane remodeling and phospholipid biosynthesis are normally tightly regulated to maintain the shape and function of cells. Indeed, different physiological mechanisms ensure a precise coordination between de novo phospholipid biosynthesis and modulation of membrane morphology. Interestingly, the overproduction of certain membrane proteins hijack these regulation networks, leading to the formation of impressive intracellular membrane structures in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The proteins triggering membrane proliferation share two major common features: 1) they promote the formation of highly curved membrane domains and 2) they lead to an enrichment in anionic, cone-shaped phospholipids (cardiolipin or phosphatidic acid) in the newly formed membranes. Taking into account the available examples of membrane proliferation upon protein overproduction, together with the latest biochemical, biophysical and structural data, we explore the relationship between protein synthesis and membrane biogenesis. We propose a mechanism for the formation of these non-physiological intracellular membranes that shares similarities with natural inner membrane structures found in α-proteobacteria, mitochondria and some viruses-infected cells, pointing towards a conserved feature through evolution. We hope that the information discussed in this review will give a better grasp of the biophysical mechanisms behind physiological and induced intracellular membrane proliferation, inspiring new biotechnological applications.
Thermal and Energy-Efficiency Assessment of Novel Hybrid CLT-Glass Facade Elements
Authors: Rajčić Vlatka , Perković Nikola , Bedon Chiara , Barbalić Jure , Zarnic Roko
Published: March 2020

Facade elements are known to represent a building component with multiple performance parameters to satisfy. Among others, “advanced facades” take advantage of hybrid solutions, like the assemblage of laminated materials. In addition to enhanced mechanical properties that are typical of optimally composed hybrid structural components, these systems are energy-efficient, durable, and offer lightening comfort and optimal thermal performance. This is the case of the structural solution developed in joint research efforts of the University of Zagreb and the University of Ljubljana, within the Croatian Science Foundation VETROLIGNUM project. The design concept involves the mechanical interaction of timber and glass load-bearing members, without sealing or bonded glass-to-timber surfaces. Laminated glass infilled timber frames are recognized as a new generation of structural members with relevant load-carrying capacity (and especially the enhancement of earthquake resistance of framed systems), but also energy-efficient and cost-effective solutions.
A Security-Related Reputation Scheme of Android Apps Based on NLP Analysis of Comments
Authors: Tchakounté Franklin , Yera Pagore Athanase Esdras , Atemkeng Marcellin , Kamgang Jean Claude
Published: March 2020

Comments are exploited by product vendors to measure satisfaction of consumers. With the advent of Natural Language Processing (NLP), comments on Google Play can be processed to extract knowledge on applications such as their reputation. Proposals in that direction are either informal or interested merely on functionality. Unlike, this work aims to determine reputation of Android applications in terms of confidentiality, integrity, availability and authentication (CIAA). This work proposes a model of assessing app reputation relying on sentiment analysis and text analysis of comments. While assuming that comments are reliable, we collect Google Play applications subject to comments which include security keywords. An in-depth analysis of keywords based on Naive Bayes classification is made to provide polarity of any comment. Based on comment polarity, reputation is evaluated for the whole application. Experiments made on real applications including dozens to billions of comments, reveal that developers lack to make efforts to guarantee CIAA services. A fine-grained analysis shows that not security reputed applications can be reputed in specific CIAA services. Results also show that applications with negative security polarities display in general positive functional polarities. This result suggests that security checking should include careful comment analysis to improve security of applications.
Identification of Potent COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro) Inhibitors from Natural Polyphenols: An in Silico Strategy Unveils a Hope against CORONA
Authors: Adem Sevki , Eyupoglu Volkan , Sarfraz Iqra , Rasul Azhar , Ali Muhammad
Published: March 2020

COVID-19, a rapidly spreading new strain of coronavirus, has affected more than 150 countries and received worldwide attention. The lack of efficacious drugs or vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 has further worsened the situation. Thus, there is an urgent need to boost up research for the development of effective therapeutics and affordable diagnostic against COVID-19. The crystallized form of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) was demonstrated by a Chinese researcher Liu et al. (2020) which is a novel therapeutic drug target. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of medicinal plant-based bioactive compounds against COVID-19 Mpro by molecular docking study. Molecular docking investigations were performed by using Molegro Virtual Docker 7 to analyze the inhibition probability of these compounds against COVID-19. COVID-19 Mpro was docked with 80 flavonoid compounds and the binding energies were obtained from the docking of (PDB ID: 6LU7: Resolution 2.16 Å) with the native ligand. According to obtained results, hesperidin, rutin, diosmin, apiin, diacetylcurcumin, (E)-1-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-[3-[(E)-3-(2-hydroxy-4- methoxyphenyl)-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]phenyl]prop-2-en-1-one, and beta,beta'-(4-Methoxy-1,3- phenylene)bis(2'-hydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxyacrylophenone have been found as more effective on COVID-19 than nelfinavir. So, this study will pave a way for doing advanced experimental research to evaluate the real medicinal potential of these compounds to cure COVID-19.
Yin-Yang Balance of ACE/ACE2 Pathways: The Rational for ACE2 Pathway Inhibitor Administration in SARS-CoV-2 Patients
Authors: Zamai Loris
Published: March 2020

The article describes the rational for inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) pathways as specific targets in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2.
Emerging Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), a Pandemic Public Health Emergency with Animal Linkages: Current Status Update
Authors: Malik Yashpal Singh , Sircar Shubhankar , Bhat Sudipta , Vinodhkumar Obli Rajendran , Tiwari Ruchi , Sah Ranjit , Rabaan Ali A. , Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J. , Dhama Kuldeep
Published: March 2020

After the appearance of first cases of ‘pneumonia of unknown origin’ in the Wuhan city, China, during late 2019, the disease progressed fast. Its cause was identified as a novel coronavirus, named provisionally 2019-nCoV. Subsequently, an official name was given as SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) study group. The World Health Organization (WHO) named the Coronavirus disease-2019 as COVID-19. The epidemics of COVID-2019 have been recorded over 113 countries/territories/areas apart from China and filched more than 4292 humans, affecting severely around 1,18,326 cases in a short span. The status of COVID-2019 emergency revised by the WHO within 42 days from Public Health International Emergency (January 30, 2020) to a pandemic (March 11, 2020). Nonetheless, the case fatality rate (CFR) of the current epidemic is on the rise (between 2-4%), relatively is lower than the previous SARS-CoV (2002/2003) and MERS-CoV (2012) outbreaks. Even though investigations are on its way, the researchers across the globe have assumptions of animal-origin of current SARS-CoV-2. A recent case report provides evidence of mild COVID-2019 infection in a pet dog that acquired COVID-2019 infection from his owner in Hong Kong. The news on travellers associated spread across the globe have also put many countries on alert with the cancellation of tourist visa to all affected countries and postponement of events where international visits were required. A few diagnostic approaches, including quantitative and differential real-time polymerase chain reaction assays, have been recommended for the screening of the individuals at risk. In the absence of any selective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, re-purposed drugs are advocated in many studies. This article discourse the current worldwide situation of COVID-2019 with information on virus, epidemiology, host, the role of animals, effective diagnosis, therapeutics, preventive and control approaches making people aware on the disease outcomes.
An Update on SARS-COV-2/COVID-19 with Particular Reference on Its Clinical Pathology, Pathogenesis, Immunopathology and Mitigation Strategies – A Review
Authors: Dhama Kuldeep , Patel Shailesh Kumar , Pathak Mamta , Yatoo Mohd. Iqbal , Tiwari Ruchi , Malik Yashpal Singh , Singh Rajendra , Sah Ranjit , Rabaan Ali A. , Bonilla-Aldana D. Katterine , Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J.
Published: March 2020

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel coronavirus named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in early December 2019 in China and attained a pandemic situation worldwide by its rapid spread to nearly 167 countries with 287.239 confirmed cases and 11.921 human deaths with a case fatality rate (CFR) of around 4 per cent. Bats were considered as the reservoir host, and the search of a probable intermediate host is still going on. Animals have anticipated culprit of SARS-CoV-2 as of now. The disease is mainly manifested by pneumonia and related respiratory signs and symptoms, but the involvement of the gastrointestinal system and nervous system is also suggested. The severe form of the disease associated with death is mainly reported in older and immune-compromised patients with pre-existing disease history. Death in severe cases is attributed to respiratory failure associated with hyperinflammation. Cytokine storm syndrome associated with rampant inflammation in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is considered as the leading killer of COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients were reported with higher levels of many pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines like IFN-g, IL-1b, IP-10, and MCP-1. Furthermore, severe cases of COVID-19 revealed higher levels of TNF-α, G-CSF, and MIP-1A. Blood profile of the COVID-19 patients exhibits lymphopenia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and RNAaemia along with increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase. SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women does not lead to fetus mortalities unlike other zoonotic coronaviruses like SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, with no evidence of intrauterine transmission to neonates. Rapid and confirmatory diagnostics have been developed, and high efforts are being made to develop effective vaccines and therapeutics. In the absence of any virus-specific therapeutic, internationally health care authorities are recommending adoption of effective prevention and control measures to counter and contain this pandemic virus. This paper is an overview of this virus and the disease with a particular focus on SARS-COV-2 / COVID-19 clinical pathology, pathogenesis and immunopathology along with a few recent research developments.
Quantification of the morphology of gold grains in 3D using X-ray microscopy and SEM photogrammetry
Authors: Masson François-Xavier , Beaudoin Georges , Laurendeau Denis
Published: March 2020

The shape of gold is widely used in mineral exploration and in sedimentology to estimate the distance of transport from the source to the site of deposition. However, estimation of the morphology is based on qualitative observations or on the quantification of shape in 2D. The 3D analysis of grain shape is useful for accurate morphometric quantification and to evaluate its volume, which is related to particle size. This study compares X-ray 3D microscope and 3D SEM photogrammetry to reconstruct the shape of gold particles. These new methods are exploited to quantify the shape of gold grains 85 to 300 μm in size. The shape parameters, such as axial lengths, surface area, volume, diameter of curvature of all corners, and diameter of the largest inscribed sphere and smallest circumscribed sphere are measured on a particle in order to estimate shape factors such as flatness ratios, shape indices, sphericity, and roundness. Most shape parameters and shape factors estimated on the same gold grain with simple geometry are similar between the two approaches. This result validates these methods for the 3D description of gold particles with simple morphology, while providing a methodology for describing grains with more complex geometry.
Le magmatisme neogene betico-rifain et le couloir de decrochement trans-Alboran
Authors: Hernandez Jean , de Larouziere Francois Dominique , Bolze Jean , Bordet Pierre
Published: March 2020

The Miocene basin evolution of southeastern Spain and eastern Morocco is linked to a "shear zone" elongated from SW across the Alboran Sea. In Spain the magmatism is mostly calc-alkaline (or K-rich calc-alkaline). Most of the products are locatred on strike-slip faults (Almeria-Cabo de Gata). Lavas of dacitic compositions are interpreted as products of crustal anatexis. During Messinian time, lamproites are erupted over an extended area. Later (Plio-Quaternary), alkali basalts are located near Cartagena. In Morocco, calc-alkaline magmatism is not as developed as in Spain; late Tortonian-Messinian volcanoes (Gourougou, Guilliz) have erupted of shoshonitic lavas. Alkali basalts are abundant and appear from the end of Messinian to Quaternary all over northwestern Africa. In the studied area, there are no chronological nor geochemical polarity of the magmatism according to the existence of a Miocene subduction. The association of the magmatism with tectonics and basin evolution shows that it is linked with their aperture. The structure of the lithosphere, as it appears from the geophysical data, shows the existence of two different crusts, separated by the western part of the "shear zone". Trans-Alboran calc-alkaline magmatism is clearly correlated with the activity of this "shear zone", from Miocene to present time.
Contribution a la connaissance de la faune de l'oolithe ferrugineuse oxfordienne de Talant, Cote-d'Or
Authors: Maire Victor
Published: March 2020

Lists the fauna from the Oxfordian (Jurassic) ferruginous oolite of Talant, Cote-d'Or, France. Most of the fossils were not found in place, but are grouped according to zones on the basis of comparison with known faunas of the various Oxfordian horizons.
Remarques sur la structure du pays basque
Authors: Lamare Pierre
Published: March 2020

Remarks on the structure of the Basque country, Lower Navarre, France. Refutes three structural interpretations of Leon Bertrand--(1) the existence of a Labourd nappe, (2) reverse overthrusts in the Ispeguy col, and (3) overthrusts or reverse thrusts on the borders of the Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port Triassic basin--and concludes that the Pyrenean orogeny was much less intense in the Basque region than in neighboring regions.
Posidonomya mosellana, espece nouvelle du Sinemurien de Lorraine
Authors: Guillaume Louis
Published: March 2020

Describes Posidonomya mosellana n. sp. from the Sinemurian (Jurassic) of Lorraine, France, and discusses its stratigraphic position.
Sur les facies siliceux du Sparnacien dans l'Est et le Sud-Est du bassin de Paris
Authors: Lanquine Antonin , Cuvillier Jean
Published: March 2020

The siliceous facies of the Sparnacian (Paleocene) in the east and southeast of the Paris basin, France, is a continuous series ranging (in some cases, grading laterally) from sandstones with a quartzose cement to true quartzites.
Sur la presence du genre Monoceratopora Lang dans l'Angoumien superieur de la Charente-Maritime
Authors: Gillard Pierre A.
Published: March 2020

Note on the presence of a cribrimorph bryozoan in the upper Angoumian (Cretaceous) of Charente-Maritime, France, which has striking affinities with Monoceratopora lewesiensis hitherto known only from a localized district in Sussex, England.
Action du vent et du gel au Quaternaire dans la region bordelaise
Authors: Bastin Alfred , Cailleux Andre
Published: March 2020

Describes Quaternary pebbles exhibiting the effects of wind and frost action, in the Bordeaux region, France, and concludes that they indicate a severe climate in the region during Pleistocene glacial periods.
Note sur la classification des ostreides
Authors: Ranson Gilbert
Published: March 2020

Note on the classification of oysters.
La seismicite des Alpes occidentales
Authors: Rothe Jean Pierre
Published: March 2020

An account of earthquakes in the western Alps of France, with special reference to the distribution of epicenters relative to Alpine tectonic structures.
Revision des genres neocretaces sud-americains Lenticeras Gerhardt em. Lisson, em. Basse et Paralenticeras Hyatt em. Basse
Authors: Basse Eliane
Published: March 2020

Revision of the upper Cretaceous South American ammonite genera Lenticeras and Paralenticeras. It is concluded that Colombian and Venezuelan forms all belong to Paralenticeras sieversi and Peruvian forms either to Lenticeras baltae or L. andii.
Sur quelques vegetaux des gres infraliasiques de la cote 214, Hiesse (Charente)
Authors: Gillard Pierre A.
Published: March 2020

Note on the composition and stratigraphic significance of a plant assemblage from a lenticular clay zone at the base of Liassic sandstones transgressively overlying granite, exposed in a quarry in the Hiesse area, Charente, France.
Sur un foraminifere nouveau du Cretace superieur marocain, Lacosteina gouskovi nov. gen. et nov. sp
Authors: Marie Pierre
Published: March 2020

Describes the foraminifer Lacosteina gouskovi n.g. n.sp. from upper Cretaceous, probably Campanian, deposits of northern Morocco.
Note sur la craie du departement de l'Aube
Authors: Pietresson de Saint-Aubin J.
Published: March 2020

Presents data which either revise or further clarify the stratigraphy of the upper Cretaceous of Aube, France.
Les Caecidae eocenes du bassin de Paris, du Cotentin et de la Bretagne
Authors: Morellet L. , Morellet J.
Published: March 2020

Describes gastropods belonging to the Caecidae (including new species) from Eocene deposits of the Paris basin, Cotentin peninsula, and Brittany, France.
Le sous-sol de la plaine alluviale du Veron (Indre-et-Loire)
Authors: Lecointre G. , Douville F.
Published: March 2020

The Veron alluvial plain, located above the confluence of the Loire and Vienne rivers, France, is underlain by a series of Cenomanian (Cretaceous) deposits which are not horizontal, but constitute a dome which was subjected to considerable weathering. In the Chouze area, in the central part of the dome, Jurassic limestones occur below the plain. Their fauna (which is described) is composed mainly of numerous pelecypods and ammonites (including one new species).
Phylogenie des cephalopodes octopodes, Palaeoctopus newboldi (Sowerby 1846) Woodward
Authors: Roger Jean
Published: March 2020

Describes the morphology of Palaeoctopus newboldi and discusses its systematic position and phylogenetic relations.
Etude complementaire de la faune de Dar-bel-Hamri
Authors: Chavan Andre
Published: March 2020

Redescribes the molluscan fauna (including new species) of the Dar-bel-Hamri locality in the Rharb region, Morocco, and reaffirms the conclusion that the enclosing beds are terminal Miocene (not lower Pliocene) strata which are assigned to the Sahelian.
La faune oligocene de Pechelbronn
Authors: Gillet Suzette
Published: March 2020

An account of the Oligocene faunal assemblages of the Pechelbronn basin, France, with special reference to variations in their composition relative to the salinity of the waters of the various lagoons and lakes which occurred throughout the Oligocene basin.
Contribution a l'etude du niveau d'Herouval (Cuisien) dans le Vexin francais
Authors: Feugueur L. L.
Published: March 2020

Discusses the occurrence, stratigraphic position and relations, and the faunal assemblages of Cuisian deposits of the Herouval zone (Tertiary) at two localities in the Vexin region, France.
Traces d'une emersion generale en France entre le Bathonien moyen et le Bathonien superieur
Authors: Parent H.
Published: March 2020

Cites a series of localities throughout France which show that there was a period of regional emergence between the middle and upper Bathonian (Jurassic).
Observations sur les croissants de plage (beach cusps)
Authors: Guilcher Andre
Published: March 2020

On the basis of observations along the coasts of western Brittany (France) and southwestern England, concludes that beach cusps are more widely developed in sand than in pebble deposits and that the interference of two different wave systems, rather than the presence of an obstacle, is responsible for their formation.
Notes stratigraphiques et paleontologiques sur la region du Dj. Ouenza (Algerie) (Aptien, Albien, Cenomanien)
Authors: Dubourdieu Georges , Sigal J.
Published: March 2020

Describes the stratigraphic subdivisions and fauna of the Aptian to Cenomanian (Cretaceous) formations of the Ouenza mountain region, Algeria. Correlation of the vertical distribution of foraminifers with successive ammonite zones permitted identification of certain of the foraminifers as index microfossils. Descriptions of the Cenomanian ammonite Flickia rudelli n.sp. and two new species of foraminifers, Epistomina colomi and E. scala, are included.
Notes sur la structure geologique des environs de Texenna (Petite Kabylie, Algerie)
Authors: Durand-Delga Michel
Published: March 2020

North of Texenna, Algeria, Albian-Aptian (Cretaceous) Flysch deposits transgressively overlie Paleozoic crystalline basement rocks of the Little Kabylia massif. South of Texenna crystalline basement rocks are thrust over the Flysch. Dislocation took place prior to deposition of Numidian deposits (probably Oligocene).
Sur une structure (appendice probable) observee chez Asaphus cornutus (trilobite asaphide)
Authors: Hupe Pierre
Published: March 2020

Describes a structure developed on the ventral face of the thorax of an Ordovician Asaphus cornutus, which is considered to represent an appendage.
L'etirement des roches et la schistosite
Authors: Fourmarier Paul
Published: March 2020

Although schistosity is generally developed at an angle to bedding in certain zones where deformation is accompanied by stretching of the beds, the schistosity parallels the bedding. Examples from root zones of nappes in the Swiss Alps are cited.
La terminaison de l'axe de Vigny et la tectonique du meandre d'Acheres
Authors: Bourcart Jacques , Soyer Robert
Published: March 2020

Study of the stratigraphic and tectonic relations of strata underlying modern alluvial deposits and overlying the Cretaceous of the Acheres meander region in the Seine river valley, France, revealed by a series of borings, shows that the Vigny structural axis terminates at the Seine and that the Acheres meander is located in a synclinal trough.
Relations entre la tectonique et la morphologie de la plaine du Rhin, en Alsace et au grand duche de Bade
Authors: Schlumberger R. A.
Published: March 2020

The morphologic features of the Rhine river plain in Alsace (France) and Baden (Germany), observed during airplane reconnaissance, corroborate and supplement data obtained by geologic investigations, borings, and geophysical prospecting relating to the structure of the Rhine trough and associated surface forms. It is concluded that, below the alluvial deposits of the plain, the terrain is highly folded and faulted and that crustal movements, which produced a regional structure resembling a piano keyboard, continued to the present time.
Victor Maire (1856-1941)
Authors: Soyer Robert
Published: March 2020

Biography and list of writings of the French geologist and paleontologist Maire.
Sur l'existence et la nature de l'apport chimique dans certaines series cristallophylliennes
Authors: Lapadu-Hargues Pierre
Published: March 2020

Distinguishes seven groups of metamorphic rocks according to chemical composition, ranging from argillaceous schists to granites and granulites, and discusses the physicochemical factors involved in the transformation of the pre-existing rocks during metamorphism, with special reference to the addition of calc-alkaline material from deep-seated magmas, the behavior of component elements, and the migration of ions during alteration.
Contribution a l'etude du Trias des environs d'Ales, Gard
Authors: Paulhac J.
Published: March 2020

Distinguishes four subdivisions in the band of Triassic formations southwest of Ales, France, and concludes that the fault bordering the band to the west is a normal rather than an overthrust fault.
Les series anciennes de la boucle du Niger au Soudan
Authors: Roques M.
Published: March 2020

An account of the subdivisions, occurrence, and stratigraphic and tectonic relations of Precambrian formations of the Niger river bend region in the Sudan, French West Africa.
Empreintes et moules internes de bryozoaires de l'Helvetien et du Redonien de Bretagne
Authors: Buge E
Published: March 2020

Describes external molds of bryozoans from Redonian deposits and internal molds of zoecial cavities from Helvetian (Tertiary) deposits of Brittany, France.
Quelques traits geologiques de la Turquie d'apres Ernest Chaput
Authors: Jacob Charles
Published: March 2020

A summary of the principal geologic features of Turkey, based on data from the works of Ernest Chaput.
Les bassins carboniferes du Sud-Oranais (Algerie); le bassin de Colomb-Bechar-Kenadza et le bassin du Guir
Authors: Deleau Paul
Published: March 2020

The Westphalian (middle Carboniferous) strata of the Colomb-Bechar-Kenadza and Guir basins in southern Oran, Algeria, are lagoon deposits formed in continental or marginal paralic basins in which there were frequent marine invasions from the north until middle Westphalian time. The strata were not subjected to Hercynian (Paleozoic) crustal movements until after the lower Stephanian (upper Carboniferous), at which time extensive anticlines were formed, some of which were further dislocated during Tertiary tectonic activity.
Stratigraphie, sedimentation et micropaleontologie
Authors: Dam Ab ten
Published: March 2020

Discusses the application of micropaleontologic studies in interpreting stratigraphic units, as distinct from different facies within the same unit, in sequences of concordant and discordant sedimentation, based mainly on microfaunal analyses of Tertiary and Mesozoic deposits of the Netherlands.
Quelques remarques sur la cryoturbation
Authors: Edelman C. H.
Published: March 2020

Discusses the formation of ice wedges, solifluction, and other processes which operate as a result of freezing and thawing in periglacial regions and briefly describes the forms produced.
Note sur le mecanisme du metamorphisme
Authors: Perrin Rene , Roubault M.
Published: March 2020

Discusses the mechanics of metamorphism (and granitization), which is considered a process of diffusion and reaction in the solid state.
Methode simplifiee de diagnose roentgenographique des argiles; application a l'etude des bravaisites (illites); leur evolution geologique
Authors: Riviere Andre
Published: March 2020

Reports the results of x-ray analyses of oriented samples of clays, on the basis of which phyllitic minerals belonging to the kaolinite, montmorillonite, and bravaisite groups could be distinguished from each other and from fibrous clay minerals. Application of x-ray methods to a study of bravaisite (which has priority over illite) shows that bravaisite exhibits a tendency to develop toward a more stable structure (montmorillonite and particularly kaolinite).
Sur la presence de solenopores dans le Bajocien inferieur (Ledonien) du plateau de Langres
Authors: Gardet G. , Mercier J.
Published: March 2020

Solenopores associated with corals were recently discovered in lower Bajocian (Jurassic) strata of the Langres plateau, France. The faunal association is generally typical of younger Jurassic formations and has not previously been found in basal Dogger beds. The algae are assigned to a new variety, lingonensis, of Solenopora jurassica.
Sur la limite septentrionale du plateau syrien
Authors: Stchepinsky Vladimir
Published: March 2020

Traces the northern boundary of the Syrian plateau in Syria and southern Turkey and concludes that extensive developments of greenstone masses in the border zone are tectonically related to the Anti- Taurus ranges and not to fractures in the peripheral zone of the plateau.
L'association cellepore-gastropode dans les faluns de la Touraine
Authors: Roger Jean , Buge E
Published: March 2020

X-ray photographs confirm the parasitic relationship of Cellepora colonies to gastropod shells found associated with them in Helvetian (Tertiary) shell beds of the Touraine region, France.