bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vortex-assisted Solid-Liquid Extraction for Rapid Screening of Oil Content in Jatropha Seed: an Alternative to the Modified Soxhlet Method
Authors: Zimila Hercílio E. , Mandlate Jaime S. , Artur Enélia M. , Muiambo Hermínio F. , Uamusse Amália A.
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT In this study, an optimized vortex-assisted method for rapid screening of oil content in Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha) seeds is described. A 24-1IV fractional factorial design was employed to study the influence of vortex stirring rate, sample:solvent ratio, extraction time, and the number of extraction cycles in the Jatropha oil extraction efficiency. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for the identification of the fatty acids. The number of extraction cycles was the most important factor, and the optimum conditions were two extractions with hexane at a sample:solvent ratio of 1:5 mg:μL, under vortex-stirring at 2500 rpm for 1 min. Linoleic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid were the major fatty acids of Jatropha oil. The method showed inherent advantages of simplicity, accuracy, short time of analysis, and low consumption of both organic solvent and sample, and may serve as a cost-effective alternative to the modified Soxhlet method in estimation of oil content and composition in Jatropha breeding programmes. Keywords: Vortex-assisted, Jatropha oil, analysis, fractional factorial design, GC-MS.
Evaluation of Bitter Kola Leaf Extract as an Anticorrosion Additive for Mild Steel in 1.2 M H2SO4 Electrolyte
Authors: Anadebe Valentine Chikaodili , Nnaji Patrick Chukwudi , Okafor Nkechinyere Amaka , Ezeugo Joseph Okechukwu , Abeng Fidelis Ebunta , Onukwuli Okechukwu Dominic
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Plant-based material, namely bitter kola leaf, as an additive for surface modification of mild steel in H2SO4 solution was thoroughly scrutinized using electrochemical, theoretical and optimization techniques. The functional groups, of the biomolecules of the bitter kola leaf extract, were examined using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and gas chroma-tography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). For clarification purpose, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to inspect the texture of the degraded and inhibited steel after 21 h of immersion. For the response surface methodology (RSM), central composite design of Design-Expert Software was used to optimize the inhibition efficiency as a function of acid concentration, inhibitor concentration, temperature and time. The optimum inhibition efficiency of 93 % was obtained at 0.9 g L-1 bitter kola leaf. The mutual correlation between the considered variables and expected response was adequately interpreted by a quadratic model. The fitness of the model was justified by the following standards which include P-value (<0.0001), adjusted R2 (0.9843), R2 (0.991), adequate precision (43.14) and coefficient of variation (2.59). Bitter kola leaf extract behaved as a mixed-type inhibitor and adequately satisfied Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Furthermore, the theoretical modelling revealed the most active molecule of bitter kola leaf responsible for the overall inhibition. The experimental and theoretical results are in agreement that bitter kola leaf extract is a viable corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in H2SO4 solution. Keywords: Acid corrosion, electrochemical study, green extract, mild steel, optimization study, theoretical modelling.
Micellar and Polymer Catalysis in the Kinetics of Oxidation of L-lysine by Permanganate Ion in Perchloric Acid Medium
Authors: Hassan Mohammed , Al-Dhoun Mohammad , Batineh Yazan , Najjar Ahmad A. , Dahadha Adnan , Ibrahim Qutaiba A.
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Kinetics of oxidation of L-lysine by permanganate ion in a perchloric acid medium was investigated to explore the order of the reaction with respect to oxidant and substrate and to study the catalytic behaviour of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The reaction was found to be first-order with respect to the oxidant and the substrate and zero-order with respect to hydrogen ion. Changes in the sodium sulphate concentration produce a non-significant variation in the rate of the reaction. SLS and PEG were found to catalyze the reaction. Surfactant catalysis was modelled by Piszkiewicz's cooperativity model, while polymer catalysis was explained with the help of the Benesi-Hildebrand equation. The temperature dependence of the rate of the reaction was elucidated, and activation parameters were obtained. Interestingly, the reaction was found to possess positive activation entropy indicating the dissociative nature of the transition state and outer-sphere electron transfer mechanism. A mechanism of the reaction that is supported by the experimental findings was suggested. Keywords: L-lysine, permanganate ion, micellar catalysis, polymer catalysis, outer sphere electron transfer mechanism.
Compulsory community service for dentists - Opportunity for meaningful reform
Authors: Machete Motimedi L , Makwakwa Nokukhanya L , Moipolai Pusetso D , Motloba Pagollang D
Published: July 2021

Previous studies indicate that the delivery of the compulsory community service (CS) programme was far from the intended objectives. It is plausible that the intended vision of the programme for the young graduates to“…develop skills, acquire knowledge, behaviour patterns and critical thinking that would help in their professional development and future careers.” may not be realizable. This study evaluated the extent to which CS programme nenabled CS dentists to develop clinical skills. A national cross-sectional study was undertaken on CS dentists. Adapted visual analogue scale (VAS) assessed the frequency of work performed and levels of skills or competency acquired. A total of 217/235 dentists participated, (response rate of 92.34%). The clinical work undertaken and skills/competence acquired were positively correlated; [Mean (SD)= 1.10 (0.326), 1.10 (0.359); r =0.945, p=<0.000, n = 217] respectively. This finding validates the associated loss of skills and competence because of lack of clinical exposure during CS. Specialised dental procedures were never or rarely performed during CS (89.5%). Similarly the level of skills acquired during CS was minimal. CS in its present form disrupts continuing education and the development of learning and clinical skills. These cohorts of dentists have entered independent practice less prepared; may fail to provide quality care to the public. The CS programme is regressive, and requires urgent review and reform.
Functional Features of the Cultural Memory of Students in the Multicultural Educational Space of a Modern Russian University
Authors: Avdeeva Yulia N. , Degtyarenko Ksenia A.
Published: July 2021

This study examines the problem of the development of students’ universal competencies at Russian universities related to the diversity of cultures and the ability to enhance intercultural communication in professional field and everyday communication. The development of this competency is significantly influenced by the content of the cultural memory of students. Modern universities are a multicultural space where various persons and communities with different collective cultural memory interact. The objective of the study is to identify the functional features of the students’ cultural memory at Russian universities that are historically characterised as a multicultural space. The main method involved focus groups and a theoretical interpretation of the data obtained. The results obtained from two focus groups of students from several universities located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory are presented. The total number of focus group participants was 14 bachelor’s and master’s degree students. The focus groups consisted of students belonging to the first- and second-generation migrants from among ethnocultural groups with high ethnodemographic dynamics in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The study showed the need for special programme activities for adaptation and integration of students belonging to the second-generation of migrants into the multicultural university community
Wonder in the Pedagogy of Antiquity
Authors: Bogdanov Sergey I. , Svetlov Roman V.
Published: July 2021

The article aims to analyse wonder as a pedagogical phenomenon in ancient philosophy and religion. Aristotle’s judgment about mythologists and their interest in the miraculous, which is initially close to philosophy, is reinforced in a rich ancient narrative about amazing people who made amazing discoveries (such as Aristeas from Proconnes, who probably reached Siberia). At the same time, the wonder that the ancient tradition writes about does not have a romantic and aesthetic nature at all, which is often attributed to it. On the contrary, the god Thaumas («Amazing»), mentioned by Plato in «Theaetetus», personifies the numinous phenomena of the sea. Among his descendants is not only the goddess Iris, but also the harpies. Analysis of the texts of Plato and Aristotle shows that the theme of wonder in them is directly related to the themes of blindness, difficulty and even pain that accompany the birth of knowledge. Perhaps the most revealing one is the initiation into philosophy depicted by Plato in «Parmenides», and the myth of cave from the «Republic». The danger from the presence of the gods, which epic theology tells us about, is duplicated by the effort and danger of blindness in the philosophy and rational theology
Economic Behaviour Strategies of the Northern Small-Numbered Indigenous Peoples and their Impact on Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Zabelina Ekaterina V. , Kurnosova Svetlana A. , Koptseva Natalya P. , Luzan Vladimir S. , Shchukina Ksenia E.
Published: July 2021

Russian academic literature is characterised by a lack of data on the features of the economic behaviour of representatives of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia, and the Far East of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as ISNPN, the indigenous minorities). Nevertheless, economic, environmental, geopolitical, and social changes in the Arctic region of Russia make it extremely relevant to study the process of transformation of the economic behaviour of these peoples. The article presents the results of a study of the main strategies of economic behaviour of the indigenous peoples (Nenets, Dolgans, Itelmens, Koryaks, Nivkhs, Chukchi, and Evens) and the impact of these strategies on their subjective well-being. In this way, factor analysis made it possible to identify 4 factors that can be interpreted as independent strategies of the economic behaviour of the ISNPN: the saving strategy based on financial knowledge and activity; the strategy of independent financial achievements; the restrictive strategy in the economic sphere based on rationality and independence, and the strategy of hired labour. The article notes that the regression analysis demonstrated particular importance of the saving strategy based on financial knowledge and activity, which makes the greatest contribution to increasing subjective well-being of the indigenous peoples. It has been noted that a peculiarity of the economic behaviour of the ISNPN representatives is the predominance of an orientation towards savings and rationality in almost all identified strategies. The results of the study are summarised in the conclusion, and a deduction about the significant role of increasing financial literacy in improving subjective well-being of indigenous minorities is drawn
Language Temporality as Culture Metaphor
Authors: Rtischeva Oksana V.
Published: July 2021

The article considers issues of defining language temporality through content for communication between language and thinking in the world conceptualization regarding the ideas of time developing in culture. The author notes the role of the person in modeling language temporality based on which the general worldview reflecting existential understanding of culture is constructed. Moreover, the author underlines that consideration of language temporality is defined by specifics of time perception as the objected universal forming a conceptual basis of culture. Metaphorical ways of exteriorization of language temporality in perception of typical repeatability of an event row are revealed (B. L. Whorf). The author considers metaphorization of culture in implementing language temporality through the identification of time and human life. In addition, the author notes that integration of models between time and life is not always subjected to logical coordination and definition. Time as a natural process represents the movement caused by natural laws, which set the formalized principles of the consecutive changes, which are abstractly presented in the straight line (infinity). However, assessment and understanding of the movement direction is possible if the straight line becomes discrete, as only in this case it is possible to speak about the components of the whole pointing out its sense, that is possible to present in the form of the points located on the straight line. This discretization defines differences in understanding of time that is dictated by metaphorical sense of language temporality and culture, since a lack of opportunities for unambiguous interpretation of changes generate modifications of meanings which lie in the nature of defining time and its goal-setting
A New Dimension of the Social Structure of the Cognitive Society «Knowledge-class» and its Class Definiteness
Authors: Khomushku Olga M. , Krivoviaz Natalia V. , Kukhta Maria S.
Published: July 2021

The article outlines the principles of class definition of the cognitive society’s social structure element called «Knowledge-class» and reveals the features of the indicated phenomenon. Showing the specificity of the new dimension of the cognitive society’s social structure, the author proceeds from the fact that this specificity is organically linked to the formation of new social resources, such as knowledge and information, the ability to manage knowledge and information, and the ability to control. The logic of the «Knowledge-class» concept formation (R. Dahrendorf, R. Florida, P. Drucker, F. Machlup) is revealed and the properties and characteristics of a new element of the cognitive society’s social structure are indicated
The Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Marginalized Youth Communities in Malaysia: Key Issues
Authors: Abdull Rahman Zainatul Shuhaida , Abdull Rahman Nurul Labanihuda , Omar Siti Nur Zahirah , Kabir Sardar Md Humayun
Published: July 2021

This article presents youths’ opinions on the positive or negative Coronavirus (COVID-19) impacts from economic and daily routine perspectives. Interview sessions were conducted to determine the intricacies encountered by Malaysian youth communities. Although adverse effects involving unemployment denoted the key issue of local youth communities, positive counterparts were equally identified. For example, youths strived to venture into novel fields (online businesses and food delivery services) following new social norms. Predictably, this study would increase policymakers’ awareness in determining the positive and negative influences faced by marginalised youths during the COVID-19 health crisis.
Innovation Diffusion Impact on Students’ Online Platform Participation
Authors: Hanafi Nurhazliyana , Chua Abdullah Nurul Ain , Yusoh Mohamad Pirdaus , Ismail Ismar Liza Mahani
Published: July 2021

Technology and innovation offer excellent opportunities for educational institutions, particularly Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), to provide high-quality education services in the industry 4.0 era. Most classes are conducted online during the pandemic, whereby students fully participate in online learning activities and processes. Thus, the study aims to examine the influence of relative advantage, complexity, and observability on students’ online platform participation. The study employed a cross-sectional research design and collected quantitative data from 384 students using a purposive sampling technique. Additionally, a questionnaire was distributed through WhatsApp and Facebook to collect data and analysed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21. The findings revealed that relative advantage, complexity, and observability significantly affect students’ online platform participation. Furthermore, the study provided several insights into students’ online participation.
Levels and health risk assessment of organochlorine pesticide residues in vegetables from Yamaltu area in Gombe, Nigeria
Authors: Sulaiman Mohammad , Maigari Aishatu , Ihedioha Janefrances , Lawal Rasheed , Gimba Abdullahi , Shuaibu Adamu
Published: July 2021

The study determined the levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) residues and assesses health risks linked with the consumption of vegetables cultivated in the Yamaltu area in Gombe, Nigeria. OCPs residues were solvent extracted and analyzed with a high performance liquid chromatography equipped with UV/VIS Detector. The mean concentrations of ten detected OCPs residues were almost all above the set limit of EU/WHOMRL. The estimated daily intake of OCPs from samples was below the acceptable daily intake, hazard index estimated were <1, indicated no probable non-carcinogenic health effect, while the carcinogenic health effect showed that children were more vulnerable for the consumption of the contaminated vegetables.
Public Support for the Arts
Authors:   , Bentley-Smith Elizabeth A.
Published: July 2021

An exploration of the United States federal governments' position on cultural policy, and of possible models that could be successfully adopted. Considers two opposing views: economic cultural policy (market regulation of culture approach), and the cultural democracy (cultural diversity) approach of Don Adams and Arlene Goldbard.
Direct-Indirect Technique Restoration for Non-Carious Cervical Lesions Treatment: a Case Report
Authors: Souza Júnior Antônio Pedro de , Souto Eric Felipe Saraiva , Torres Silvério Almeida Souza , Rodrigues João Lima , Mendes Danilo Cangussu
Published: July 2021

AbstractNon-Carious Cervical Lesions are characterized by slow and progressive loss of hard tissue at the level of enamel-cement junction, without bacterial involvement. This work aimed to address a case report of restorative treatment in Class V cavities in multiple premolars using the direct-indirect technique with composite resin. A 42 year-old male patient presented for esthetic restorative treatment with the complaint of severe dentin hypersensitivity and wedged-shaped non-carious cervical lesions affecting the maxillary premolars. The restorative treatment chosen was a direct-indirect technique with composite performed into three sessions as follows: making the class V composite inlays, cementation, and final polishing. The direct-indirect technique as an alternative to the traditional direct technique has the benefits of a better contour of the restoration, since the finishing and polishing are made extraorally. Besides, the control of the polymerization stress and less discomfort to the patient are other advantages. In the case of direct-indirect class V restoration, the advantages far surpass those of the direct technique.
Keywords: Hypersensitivity. Tooth Wear. Composites Resins
ResumoAs Lesões Cervicais Não Cariosas se caracterizam pela perda lenta e progressiva de tecido duro próximo a junção cemento-esmalte, sem envolvimento bacteriano. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de relatar um caso clínico de tratamento restaurador em cavidades do tipo Classe V em pré-molares pela técnica direta-indireta com resina composta. Paciente do sexo masculino, 42 anos, queixava-se de forte sensibilidade e múltiplas Lesões Cervicais Não Cariosas na forma de cunha nos pré-molares superiores. O tratamento restaurador escolhido foi a técnica direta-indireta com resina composta realizado em três sessões distribuídas em confecção da peça em resina composta, cimentação e polimento final. A técnica direta-indireta surge como alternativa a técnica direta tradicional trazendo como benefícios um melhor contorno da restauração, uma vez que esta é acabada e polida fora da boca, além do controle do estresse de polimerização e menor desconforto ao paciente. A intervenção restauradora direta-indireta se mostra eficaz devido ao fato de conseguir contornar dificuldades encontradas em técnicas restauradoras diretas.
Palavras-chave: Hipersensibilidade. Desgaste dos Dentes. Resinas Compostas
Effect of Combined Training on Muscle Co-Activation and Functional Capacity in Older Women: a Pilot Study
Authors: Da Silva Rodrigues Guilherme , Ramon Rodrigues Silva Vagner , De Souza Bedo Bruno Luiz , Luciano de Almeida Mariana , Crystine da Silva Sobrinho Andressa , Katayama Yamada André , Roberto Bueno Júnior Carlos
Published: July 2021

AbstractAging is characterized by morphological and functional declines, including impairment in muscle performance and functional capacity. Herein, changes were investigated in strength promoted by combined training and its effects on muscle co-activation in older women. After tree-week adaptation period, thirteen healthy older women (60.2 ± 6.2 years) underwent a 12-week training program, three sessions a week, one hour per session, divided into 30 minutes of aerobic exercise on a treadmill or cycle ergometer and 30 minutes of strength training. Muscle strength tests and cardiopulmonary fitness assessment were performed before and after the intervention. The results herein showed improvements in strength, functional capacity, and lower limb muscle activation, but no differences in muscle co-activation. In conclusion, the data of this study suggest that 12weeks of combined training exercise may not be effective in inducing muscle co-activation but may help prevent or mitigate the decline in muscle performance and functional capacity in the older population.
Keywords: Electromyography. Aging. Exercise. Health Evaluation.
ResumoO envelhecimento é caracterizado por declínios morfológicos e funcionais, incluindo prejuízo no desempenho muscular e capacidade funcional. Aqui, investigamos as mudanças na força promovidas pelo treinamento combinado e seus efeitos na coativação muscular em mulheres idosas. Após três semanas de adaptação, treze idosas saudáveis (60,2 ± 6,2 anos) realizaram um programa de treinamento por 12 semanas, três sessões semanais, uma hora por sessão, divididas em 30 minutos de exercício aeróbio em esteira ou cicloergômetro e 30 minutos de treinamento de força. Testes de força muscular e avaliação da aptidão cardiopulmonar foram realizados antes e após à intervenção. Nossos resultados mostraram melhorias na força, capacidade funcional e ativação muscular dos membros inferiores, mas nenhuma diferença na coativação muscular. Em conclusão, nossos dados sugerem que 12 semanas de exercícios de treinamento combinado podem não ser eficazes na indução da coativação muscular, mas podem ajudar a prevenir ou diminuir o declínio muscular e a melhora da capacidade funcional na população idosa.
Palavras-chave: Eletromiografia. Envelhecimento. Exercício Físico. Avaliação em Saúde.
La consecución de la igualdad de mujeres y hombres en el Espacio Europeo de Investigación: del Informe Etan al Programa Marco de Investigación e Innovación Horizonte Europa
Authors: Saldaña Díaz María Nieves
Published: July 2021

Desde la publicación del conocido Informe ETAN en 2000, la política de la Unión Europea en el ámbito de la investigación y la innovación, articulada fundamentalmente a través del Espacio Europeo de Investigación, incluye entre sus prioridades la igualdad de mujeres y hombres y la incorporación de la perspectiva de género en la investigación, definiéndose acciones para abordar los desequilibrios de género en las instituciones de investigación e integrar la dimensión de género y el análisis de sexo/género en el contenido de la investigación, como refleja el Programa Marco de Investigación e Innovación Horizonte 2020, así como el Programa Marco Horizonte Europa (2021-2027). No obstante, para asegurar su plena eficacia será indispensable que la Unión Europea adopte una directiva específica que obligue a todos los Estados miembros a adoptar disposiciones legislativas de carácter vinculante en sus estrategias nacionales de investigación e innovación, incluyéndose sistemas eficaces de seguimiento y evaluación.
Prevalence of COVID19 infection in health care workers in first wave of pandemic and role of hospital infection control committee in subsequent waves of pandemic
Authors: Kesari Mrunal , Patil Yoganand , Natraj B , Agrawal Shweta , Rehman Hafeezunnisa
Published: July 2021

: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new emerging infectious disease, first identified in China in December 2019, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

: To study and analyze the prevalence, demographic characteristics of healthcare workers (HCWs) who tested positive for COVID-19 in a dedicated Covid hospital in Mumbai.

This was a retrospective observational study of HCWs with COVID-19 in a dedicated Covid Hospital, Mumbai from April to October 2020.

HCW tested positive for COVID-19 was 55 from April to October 2020.The percentage of infected hospital staff was 9.8%. Most of the infected HCWs were in the age group of 51 to 60. Mean age was 42 years. Mortality was 0.1%. Majority HCWs (70.9%) acquired infection from community; 20% acquired from the hospital and 9.1% acquired infection from infected coworkers. Majority of the affected HCWs were nurses followed by doctors. Comorbidities were reported in 23.6% of infected HCWs. 5.4% of infected HCWs received infection because of aerosol generated procedures. 58.1% of HCWs got infection despite receiving prophylaxis like HCQ, Arsenicumalbicum.

HCWs are at an increased risk of COVID-19 in the workplace. Preparedness of HICC (Hospital Infection Control Committee), frequent training sessions and mock drills are of paramount importance in preventing spread of infectious disease. Coordination between Hospital Administrators, Public Health Officials of national and international organizations, Engineering Department, Occupational Health and Safety staff is essential in combating pandemic.
Innovative approach to the development of manufacturing procedures of producing goods in a multiproduct manufacture
Authors:   Join-Stock Company “Research and Development Enterprise “Almaz”, Reshetnikova E. P. , Bochkarev P. Yu. ,   Volgograd State Technical University
Published: July 2021

The relevance of the study is in the solution of an important problem – the improvement of the development of engineering procedures for producing goods within the production systems of conventional machine-building enterprises performing the transition to automation and intellectualization of their production cycle. To solve the above-stated task, the authors propose an innovative approach involving the development of efficient manufacturing procedures of producing goods by a multiproduct production system based on making effective project technology solutions. The suggested method of designing effective manufacturing procedures for producing goods by a multiproduct production system is implemented in the System of Computer-Aided Planning of Manufacturing Procedures developed by the authors. The System of Computer-Aided Planning of Manufacturing Procedures is a modern tool for automation of engineering process preparation corresponding to the relevant concept of production digitalization. The set of monitoring and measuring procedures developed by the authors and promoting the improvement of the System of Computer-Aided Planning of Manufacturing Procedures is aimed at the modernization of machining productions with the traditional production cycle and supporting their digital transformation process. The set of monitoring and measuring procedures performs the automated designing of efficient individual manufacturing procedures within a small-series production based on the information about actual dimensional parameters of the part blank surfaces at the initial stage of creation of a manufacturing procedure and based on the integration into the manufacturing procedure structure of an efficient set of monitoring and measuring tools formed on the base of the complex of monitoring and measuring procedures to evaluate the prescribed accuracy of part production. The paper presents methodological and algorithmic provisions of implementing complex of monitoring and measuring procedures, which include the development of the technique of the parts’ coordinate metrology serving as a structural element of an efficient manufacturing procedure and the algorithm of formation of the efficient set of monitoring and measuring tools when designing efficient manufacturing procedure.
The application of acoustic emission method for ultrasonic fatigue testing monitoring
Authors:   Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, Seleznev M. N. , Vinogradov A. Yu. ,   Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Published: July 2021

The ultrasonic fatigue testing (USFT) is an effective method for rapid determination of the fatigue properties of structural materials under high cycle (≥106 cycles) loading. However, the occurrence and accumulation of fatigue damage with this test method remain uncertain due to the limitations of the existing measurement methods. Currently used monitoring methods allow detecting the fatigue cracks, but only in the late stages of failure. Despite the superior sensitivity to localized processes in materials, the use of the acoustic emission (AE) method in ultrasonic testing is extremely difficult due to the presence of resonant noise. This work aimed to suppress resonant noise and extract the signal for early detection of fatigue damage. The authors tested the samples of the AlSi9Cu3 aluminum alloy under the asymmetric cyclic loading (R=0.1) at a resonant frequency of 19.5 kHz with a non-threshold AE registration. The fracture surfaces were analyzed by electron and optical microscopy. The authors processed AE by two different methods: (1) the digital filtering method consisted of detecting resonant noise and removing it from the spectrum; (2) the φ-function method consisted of differentiating the spectrogram by time. The processed spectrograms were integrated by the frequency with further extraction of the AE events using the threshold method. The digital filtering method revealed a correlation between AE signals and fatigue damage, whereas the undamaged control sample showed no signals. The φ-function technique demonstrated ambiguous results, showing high AE activity on the control sample.
The influence of rolling and high-pressure torsion in the Bridgman chamber on the quantitative characteristics of shear bands in an amorphous Zr-based alloy
Authors:   National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Khriplivets I. A.
Published: July 2021

Amorphous alloys based on metal components demonstrate a unique ability to realize plastic deformation under the influence of external mechanical stresses. Influenced by substantial degrees of plastic deformation in alloys, one can observe shear bands (SB) in the form of rough lines on the polished surface of the sample. The concept of shear band formation in amorphous metallic glasses varies greatly from plastic deformation processes in crystalline metals and alloys. Unlike crystalline metals, amorphous metallic glasses can exist in a spectrum of structural states with accompanying mechanical, thermodynamic, and physical properties of materials. The formation and evolution of shear bands control the fluidity and plasticity of almost all metallic glasses at room temperature, and in many cases, the formation of dominant shear bands rapidly leads to failure. The literature does not contain any rigorous quantitative description of SB main parameters, which could adequately describe in the analytical form the process of plastic deformation of amorphous alloys, similar to the dislocation and disclination theories of plastic deformation of crystals. An open question remains how the transition from macroscopic deformation to severe plastic deformations of amorphous alloys affects the key SB characteristics. In this work, using the method of optical profilometry, the author studied in detail the quantitative characteristics of the steps formed by shear bands on the surface of deformed samples of the massive amorphous alloy Zr60Ti2Nb2Cu18.5Ni7.5Al10 after high-pressure torsion (HPT) and after rolling. The study identified that the design of shear bands depends on the deformation method and showed that the magnitude of deformation had the controlling effect on the shear bands thickness (the height of the steps). The transition from deformation by rolling (e=0.4) to plastic deformation during HPT (e=2.6) leads to the threefold increase in the power of shear bands and the average distance between them.
Microstructure and strength of joints of nickel sheets produced by ultrasonic welding
Authors:   Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Shayakhmetova E. R. , Murzinova M. A. ,   Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nazarov A. A. ,   Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2021

Ultrasonic welding (USW) is one of the methods for producing solid-phase joints of thin metal sheets, which in the future can be used to obtain laminated composite materials, for additive manufacturing and renovation of metallic articles. The quality of joints depends on both the processing conditions and the properties of welded metals and alloys. At present, the USW conditions, the properties, and structure of weld joints of strong metals, in particular, of nickel, are underexplored. In this work, the authors studied the influence of the compressive load magnitude on the lap shear strength and the structure of joints of annealed nickel sheets with a thickness of 0.5 mm produced by spot USW. The authors carried out USW at a vibration frequency of 20 kHz with an amplitude of 15 μm, the time of welding was equal to 2 s. The compressive load magnitude was varied from 3.5 to 7 kN. The study showed that with an increase in the compressive load in the considered range of values, the strength of weld joints increased, reached a maximum, and then decreased. The joints obtained at the compressive load of 6 kN demonstrated the highest lap shear strength of 1950 N. A zone of thermomechanical influence with a gradient microstructure is observed near the contact of the welded surfaces. In a layer with a thickness of 10–20 mm, the initial coarse-grained structure of nickel is transformed into an ultra-fine-grained one with a grain size of less than 1 mm. The ultra-fine-grained layer neighbors on crystallites, the size of which is several micrometers and increases with a distance from the contact surface of welded sheets. The authors compared the results of mechanical lap shear tests and structural studies with the data obtained after ultrasonic welding of nickel, aluminum, and copper alloys.
ELECTRONIC CRIME INCIDENT REPORT AS A REASON TO INITIATE A CRIMINAL CASE (THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEGAL REGULATION IN THE NORMATIVE ACTS OF THE RUSSIAN MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS AND THE RF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE)
Authors:   Administration of Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in Togliatti, Samoylov P. A.
Published: July 2021

The integration and active application of electronic document flow to the daily activities of the police have consistently and logically led to the fact that the electronic crime incident report is increasingly used as a reason to initiate criminal cases. The departmental normative legal acts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia regulate in detail the processing of such reports. However, under the RF Criminal Procedure Code, not all electronic crime reports registered by the Departments of Internal Affairs meet the established requirements, and, accordingly, they can not perform the function of a criminal procedural cause. In this situation, with the obvious relevance of electronic documents, an example of a contradiction and gap in the law is evident, which somewhat hinders the development of electronic interaction between the participants of criminal procedural activity and can cause negative consequences. The paper analyzes and compares the provisions of some normative sources regulating the reception and consideration of electronic crime reports by the Departments of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and the norms of criminal procedural legislation. The author critically evaluates the legal definitions of the concept of a crime incident report and some organizational and legal mechanisms for accepting and considering electronic crime reports established by the departmental legal acts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. The study highlights and clarifies the rules of filing, mandatory requisites, and some other requirements for electronic crime reports, which must be complied with according to the provisions of the criminal procedure code. Based on the data obtained, the author offers recommendations to improve criminal procedural law and the algorithm of accepting electronic crime reports using the official websites of the Departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.
TACTICAL ASPECTS OF ACTIVITIES OF DISTRICT POLICE OFFICERS ON THE PREVENTION OF WRONGS IN THE SPHERE OF FAMILY AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS
Authors:   Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Frolov A. N. , Sokolov D. V. ,   Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Published: July 2021

Currently, the prevention of family and domestic offenses is one of the priority areas of activity of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. Poor-quality and untimely response of police officers to this type of offense, as well as heinous crimes, garnered media coverage, preceded by family conflicts, create a negative public opinion about the activities of the police and the state as a whole. This work deals with the improvement of the effectiveness of the work carried out by the internal affairs bodies to prevent and suppress the facts of family and domestic conflicts, including those accompanied by the violence against children and women. Within the framework of the research, the authors pay special attention to the concept of family and domestic offenses, the analysis of the causes and conditions of the occurrence of family and domestic offenses, legal foundations of regulating the liability in the sphere of family and domestic conflicts according to the laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The authors analyzed the main directions of prevention of domestic crimes and administrative violations by district police officers, identified tactical aspects of work with people registered with law enforcement agencies when executing preventive patrolling in an administrative area. The paper proposes a mechanism of involvement of the public and specific categories of citizens in the assistance to law enforcement agencies to timely domestic violations detection and suppression. Following the analysis, the authors conclude that the insurance of effective work on the eradication of considered negative social phenomenon is the patrolling in an administrative area, preventive conversations based on the study of a psychological maker of persons, their past, and basic personality characteristics, as well as on the awareness of their immediate environment and relations carrying both positive and negative connotation. The study shows that the issues of protection of family members’ life and health against offenses should be solved holistically, in cooperation with other agencies and institutes of civil society.
MOODLE-BASED ONLINE COURSE ON TRAINING RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE: PECULIARITY OF INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Chistova E. V. , Verenich T. K. ,   Siberian Federal University, Eremina E. V. ,   Siberian Federal University
Published: July 2021

Due to the proliferation of advanced information technologies and overall digitalization in the post-Covid period, the education system is currently subjected to drastic changes, which in their turn predetermine a new area of theoretical and practical research investigating the issues of distance learning similarly referred to as online learning, e-learning, Web-based training. The present paper reveals the role of digital pedagogy in the modern educational process, evaluates the effectiveness of the most popular learning platform in Russia – the learning management system – Moodle. The brief analysis of the existing online RFL (Russian as a Foreign Language) courses shows a great discrepancy between the insufficient offer and increasing demand for such products in the Chinese educational market. The author describes the experience of the Siberian Federal University in the implementation of the online course “Business Russian” in the educational space of the PRC, featuring the core elements of the course design such as objectives stated, resources used, forms of assessment suggested, as well as the demands and the requirements to the flexible all-in-one approach to Moodle course delivery. The work also provides the interpretation of the poll results, which provide valuable insights into the impressions and the opinions of the students from different countries who have already taken the course.
SELF-ACCEPTANCE: FROM PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS TO THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A SUBJECT
Authors:   Far Eastern Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Pilipenko T. S.
Published: July 2021

In experimental psychology, the problem of non-acceptance of oneself, one’s environment, and the world around is one of the relevant issues. The author notes that the accepted in contemporary society popular opinions associated with self-acceptance often have manipulative or prescriptive nature and are the negative attitudes blocking the person activity and leading to its stagnation. The resolution of the stereotyped image of this phenomenon is possible from the perspective of historical-theoretical analysis of the study of self-acceptance. The paper presents various approaches to the understanding of self-acceptance by foreign and Russian psychologists within such psychology areas as neofreidism, gestalt-psychology, existential, and humanistic psychology. The author considers the changes in the study of self-acceptance, notes that despite different views of classical psychologists on the understanding of this phenomenon, they define self-acceptance as an active process promoting self-improvement and self-actualization of a person. This fact conflicts with the latent meaning of widespread life theses on self-acceptance. The paper emphasizes the possibility to study self-acceptance from the perspective of the subject approach as a phenomenon initiating the activity of a person in organization and regulation of own life activities, promoting further development of a person, its self-actualization. The author considers the controversial characteristics of self-acceptance as a subject characteristic: self-acceptance allows changing from self-understanding to self-improvement, at the same time, the high level of self-acceptance requires a particular level of development of the personal agency. The author notes the paradoxical understanding of the self-acceptance phenomenon largely within the frames of positive self-attitude, which can promote the “Self” image idealism and lead to intrapersonal regress.
THE PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE E-TRADING MARKET
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Kuzmicheva I. A. , Sakharova L. A. ,   Far Eastern Federal University, Pugina A. O. ,   Far Eastern Federal University
Published: July 2021

The e-trading market is a relatively new phenomenon for the Russian economy. Due to the development of Internet technologies in the country and the growth in the number of Internet users, strong momentum has been formed for the active development of this sector of the economy. Despite the economic crisis in the country, this economic sector continues to develop actively, which allows concluding that it is potentially attractive. Aggravation of competition requires a business to search for new possibilities for attracting and retaining consumers. The authors consider the prospects of e-trading development, the concept of e-trading, and its difference from e-commerce. The paper presents the classification of e-trading business models in their relation to a management entity. The study identified the positive and negative factors of e-commerce development. The paper considers the prospective directions of e-trading market development in the interrelation with logistics. The study showed the dependence of e-trading development on the logistic processes, macroeconomic factors, and economic infrastructure as a whole. The interdisciplinarity of electronic trade, its development at the confluence of several sciences allows assuming the dependence of the processes of the good creation and realization on the possibilities of marketing, logistics, and the formats of goods delivery to an end consumer. Logistics allows overcoming many constraints, such as doubts about the reliability of a supplier, the risks of non-fulfillment of delivery deadlines, loss of a parcel, and the doubts about the compliance of the selected product with expectations (the inability to examine an ordered product visually). At the same time, the sphere of logistics and e-trading have a mutual positive impact on each other, since the active development of logistics is primarily caused by the e-trading development: the creation of new forms of goods delivery and consolidation of legal entities to ensure the delivery goods are influenced by the development of e-trading.
Comparative study of flowering phenology of selected plant life forms in urban and rural environments : Preliminary results
Authors: Verbényiné Neumann Krisztina , Czóbel Szilárd
Published: July 2021

Global climate change has unforeseeable ramifications for the ecosystem of our home planet. In Europe, more than half of the vascular plant flora may become endangered by the year 2080 as a result of climatic changes. Urban climate conditions are considered similar to the changing global climate conditions. The concept of our study is based on the Space for Time Substitution method, utilizing its advantage of saving time and resources compared to long-term monitoring. To find out how excess heat in urban environments affects the phenological flowering patterns of species we planted specimens representing 6 different life-forms of the Raunkiær system (phanerophytes, chamaephytes, hemicryptophytes, geophytes, hemitherophytes, therophytes). Each category was represented by at least 5 species and each species by 5-5 specimens in Budapest, Füvészkert and in the MATE Botanical Garden of Gödöllő. All the species in the experiment averaged at 7.62 days earlier flowering onset in Budapest. The peak of the flowering had 12.94 days of difference, while the end of flowering had 2.9 days of difference, with the earlier being Budapest. There is a strong significant difference (P < 0.001) in the onset of the flowering of Globularia cordifolia between the locations, regarding the peaks of flowering there is a strong significance (P < 0.001) for Inula ensifolia, regarding the end of flowering there is a strong significance (P < 0.001) for Polygonatum multiflorum. To clarify other driving forces and the role of abiotic parameters in the flowering phenology patterns, further study is required.
The Unification of the Fundamental Interactions
Authors: Gimsa Andreas
Published: July 2021

The known fundamental interactions of nature are to be examined for mathematical connections existing among themselves. This would be a further indication that nature has a mathematical basic framework. The investigation shall show whether a unification of the fundamental forces is reasonable and possible.