bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Market gardening exploitations in the lowland of sourgou-center: between variability in farming practices, land precarity, spatialenvironmental inequalities, and producers’ adaptation strategies
Authors: Maiga Yaya
Published: February 2024

In the center of the commune of Sourgou, market gardening is developed during the dry season, facilitated by the development of the Sourgou-center dam and the presence of wetlands along the lowland area. Based on a literature review combined with quantitative and qualitative data collected from market garden producers and landowners in the Sourgou-center lowland, this article analyzes the principles of development, the inequalities resulted from market gardening and identifies the various adaptation strategies used by farmers to tackle land insecurity in the research area. A total of 143 farmers, 08 landowners and 08 heads of market garden producers' associations were interviewed. The results of the survey show that the land in the Sourgou-center lowland is used for market gardening by native populations (64.11 %) and non-native populations (35.89 %). Market gardening generated inequality within the market gardening sites of the Sourgou lowlands, reflected in plot size (23.12 %), and segregation in terms of spatial or environmental occupation into producer subgroups based on residence or autochthony (75.14 %). Plots smaller than 0.18 ha are farmed more by non-landowning farmers, while larger plots (larger than 0.18 ha) are farmed by landowners or farmers from their family. In addition, the precarious nature of market gardening is reflected in the size of the plots and the principles and rules governing the development of market gardening land in the research area. The strategies developed by producers and especially landless people to tackle the precarious land tenure and exploitation in the area under investigation include respect for the principles and rules of exploitation (FRC= 0.81), operating plots within solidarity groups (FRC= 0.69), respecting landowners and market-gardening group leaders (FRC= 0.28), indirect tenancy (FRC= 0.17) and choosing to operate plots on different market-gardening sites (FRC= 0.02).
Keywords: Market gardening; Sourgou-center lowland; spatio-environmental inequality; land insecurity; adaptation strategy; Burkina Faso
Relationship with Mother and Satisfaction with Motherhood of Middle-Aged Women
Authors: Mordas Ekaterina Sergeevna , Demidova Aleksandra Mikhailovna
Published: February 2024

The object of the study: the relationship of women's attitude to their mother and satisfaction with their own motherhood. The novelty of the study is that empirical data have been obtained showing how the nature of the relationship with the mother, the type of attachment and the style of separation from the mother are interrelated with a woman's satisfaction with her motherhood. The present study was focused on finding the interrelationships of the nature of the current relationship of an adult woman with her mother and the degree of satisfaction of a woman with her parenting. The relationship between a woman's current level of satisfaction with her motherhood and her emotional and evaluative attitude towards her mother, the degree of psychological separation from her and the formed nature of attachment in adult relationships with her mother was studied.    The main conclusions of the study: 1. Regarding the attachment style to the mother: higher satisfaction with motherhood is characteristic of women with a lower level of avoidance and anxiety in the relationship with the mother.2. Regarding the level of separation from the mother: higher satisfaction with motherhood corresponds to higher conflict independence, but lower attitude. 3. A study of the nature of a woman's emotional and evaluative perception of her mother showed that the lowest satisfaction with motherhood was noted only among women with a negative attitude towards their mother, and is not typical for those whose attitude towards their mother is more positive.
Avaliação do risco e prognóstico nutricional com relação ao desfecho clínico de pacientes críticos
Authors: Souza Janderson Pinheiro de , Vermeulen-Serpa Karine Marques , Lopes Márcia Marília Gomes Dantas , Vale Sancha Helena de Lima , Leite-Lais Lucia
Published: February 2024

Introdução: A avaliação do estado nutricional de pacientes críticos é um desafio, mas faz parte da rotina da nutrição clínica hospitalar. Objetivo: Avaliar o risco e o prognóstico nutricional, e suas relações, em pacientes críticos admitidos na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) de um hospital universitário em Natal, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal, desenvolvido com pacientes adultos e idosos entre fevereiro de 2017 e fevereiro de 2020. O risco nutricional foi detectado pelo Nutrition Risk in Critically ill score modificado (mNUTRIC-score). O prognóstico nutricional foi avaliado mediante o ângulo de fase (AF). O teste de Mann-Whitney foi usado para verificar a associação do mNUTRIC-score e do AF com os desfechos (alta da UTI ou óbito). A correlação de Spearman foi usada para verificar a correlação entre o mNUTRIC-score e o AF. Resultados: Ao total, 55 indivíduos foram incluídos no estudo. O valor médio do mNUTRIC-score foi de 3,13 ± 2,35 e do AF foi de 4,19 ± 1,21. A maioria dos pacientes apresentaram baixo risco nutricional (76,4%) e tiveram alta da UTI (81,8%). Tanto o mNUTRIC-score (p<0,0001) como o AF (p=0,04) estiveram associados com o desfecho clínico. Esses dois parâmetros se correlacionaram negativamente (r= -0,3804; p=0,0059). Conclusão: A maioria dos pacientes críticos estudados apresentaram baixo risco nutricional determinado pelo mNUTRIC-score. Aqueles com alto risco nutricional tiveram pior desfecho (óbito). Observou-se correlação negativa entre o mNUTRIC-score e o AF, demostrando que quanto maior o risco nutricional, pior o prognóstico clínico e nutricional em pacientes críticos.
Outcome measures for adults with Down Syndrome based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health Model: A Systematic Review
Authors: Andrade Michele Lacerda de , Silva Soraia Micaela , Pereira Gabriela Santos , Moraes Janaina Ferreira de , Fonseca Junior Paulo Roberto , Corrêa João Carlos Ferrari , Corrêa Fernanda Ishida
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Adults with Down syndrome (DS) have functional disabilities due to the extra presence of chromosome 21. Objective: To identify the functionality and disability assessment instruments used in research involving adults with DS and associate them with the components of the International Classification of Functioning (ICF). Methods: Two independent researchers analyzed articles from PubMed, Lilacs, SciELO, Science Direct, and Cochrane databases, including cross-sectional and clinical studies whose results involved functionality and disability for individuals with DS (≥18 years), with no publication date limit for the studies. The methodological quality of the studies was analyzed by the Downs & Black Checklist; descriptive analysis was used for the results. This review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021234012). Results: 15 articles were analyzed in which 48 instruments were identified for the assessment of adults with DS (36.42±10.62 years); the quality of the articles was considered "good". Of these 48 instruments, 41 were associated with bodily function, 5 instruments were associated with the activity component, one instrument was associated with social participation and one instrument was associated with the environment. Conclusion: Of the 48 instruments identified to assess adults with DS, most were for the Body Function and Structure component; only the 6MWT and CAMDEX-SD have been validated for this population. LIFE-H and MQE were used to assess Social Participation and the Environment, but they cannot be considered dependable, as they have not been confirmed for individuals with DS.
Evaluation of antibiotic resistance and quorum sensing assay of Enterococcus faecalis isolates from the urine samples
Authors: Sagar Ankita Jaigopal , Oli Ajay Kumar , Jain Apoorva , Chandrakanth R. Kelmani
Published: February 2024

The Gram-positive Enterococci found in the normal flora of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and urinary tract infection (UTI) were characterized by high resistance to antibiotics and large virulence. The aim of our study was to evaluate the diversity of antibiotic-resistant and quorum-sensing assays of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from urine samples of children aged between 11 and 15 with UTI. A total of 155 samples were collected from hospitals and diagnostic centres of the Kalaburagi region. The E. faecalis isolates were screened on bile esculin azide agar media. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using different antibiotics as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for gentamycin and vancomycin were determined by the method of broth dilution. Quorum sensing assay of E. faecalis was determined by a bioluminescence-based method. The species-level identification of E. faecalis isolates was determined by 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction amplification. The incidence of E. faecalis in urine samples was found to be 47.74% (74/155). Antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) indicates that 27% of isolates were multi-drug resistant, showing increased resistance to gentamycin and vancomycin (54.05%). MIC results show that 23 isolates were resistant to gentamycin with a concentration of 128 μg/ml and 17 isolates were resistant to vancomycin with a concentration of 1024 μg/ml. The quorum sensing assay has shown that the normalized relative light units range from 0.4 to 1.2. According to the 16srRNA gene amplification, out of 10 isolates, seven were identified as Enterococcus faecalis and three isolates were Streptococcus gallolyticus. This study emphasizes the development of increased vancomycin resistance of E. faecalis and indicates the presence of virulence factors through the autoinducer assay. It is been suggested that major precautionary measures should be implemented in the eradication of VRE in UTI infection.
The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation affects plant growth and flavonoid content in tomato plant (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.)
Authors: Hasan Rusdi , Setiawati Tia , Sukirman Dede , Nurzaman Mohamad
Published: February 2024

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is one of the most important vegetables to supply nutritional needs that can be cultivated worldwide. This study was conducted to increase tomato plant growth and flavonoid content by applying arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The experiment used a randomized block design with six treatments of AMF concentrations, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g/kg of planting media. Tomato seeds were soaked in water for 1 hour and then sown for 4 weeks. The seedlings with four leaves were transferred into a sterilized media previously inoculated with AMF. Then they were grown in a greenhouse for 10 weeks to observe growth parameters, AMF-infected root, and the total content of flavonoids. Analysis data used analysis of variance followed by the Duncan multiple range test. The result showed that AMF application into the media significantly increased the tomato plant growth parameters, AMF-infected root percentage, and flavonoid content. A 10-g AMF treatment has the best effect in this study, resulting in a plant height of 78.93 cm, stem diameter of 1.35 cm, number of leaves of 14.50, leaf area of 3861.02 cm2, leaf colour scale of 3.7, plant dry weight of 1.24 g, root length of 22.42 cm, AMF-infected root of 55%, and flavonoid content of 0.053 mg/g.
A low-cost production, characterization, and application of raw starch degrading enzyme from the thermophilic filamentous bacterium, Laceyella sacchari P43
Authors: Khetkorn Wanthanee , Phonlamai Ausawadee , Sakdapetsiri Chatsuda , Kitpreechavanich Vichien , Lomthong Thanasak
Published: February 2024

Raw starch degrading enzyme (RSDE) is a group of enzymes that can directly degrade starch granules at low temperatures without the gelatinization process resulting in reduced cost and energy consumption. This work aimed to optimize the enzyme production, purification, and characterization of RSDE from Laceyella sacchari P43. The highest enzyme production was found at 171.8 ± 6.53 U/mL when using the low-cost agricultural crop and by-products from the brewing industry, including broken rice powder and dried brewer’s yeast at 8.0 and 4.7 g/L, respectively. The optimized medium resulted in a 5.03-fold improvement in RSDE production and an 8.5-fold reduction in cost compared to the non-optimized medium. The optimum physical factors enhancing RSDE production were pH at 6.5 and 50°C. The fed-batch fermentation was carried out in a 3.0 L airlift fermenter, which showed the highest enzyme production at 201 ± 11.53 U/mL. The purified enzyme has a molecular weight of 50 kDa and 35.2 purification folds with optimum activity at pH 6.0 and 55°C. The enzyme stimulated the activity by Co2+, Mn2+, and Ca2+ and was strongly inhibited by N-Bromosuccinimide, which confirmed that it was α-amylase. The crude enzyme could hydrolyze the low-grade broken rice powder, yielding 40.31 ± 2.21 g/L after incubating for 9 h. This study developed the enzyme production process using low-cost substrates and enzyme application for sugar syrup production, which could be applied for further industrial application.
Some results on geometric circulant matrices involving the Leonardo numbers
Authors:   University of Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli, Arpacı Samet , Yılmaz Fatih ,   University of Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli
Published: February 2024

In this study, by the motivation of the papers in the literature, we construct a special geometric circulant matrix $Le_{r^*}$ whose entries are the Leonardo numbers. Then, we investigate some linear algebraic properties of these matrices. More specifically, we present some bounds for the spectral norm, as well as Euclidean norm of this matrix form. For this purpose, we benefit from the spectacular properties of the Leonardo numbers. Furthermore, we throw light on the obtained results with examples. In addition to all these, we give two Matlab code in order to calculate the results related norms more easily and more accurately in a short time in the computer environment.
Data Rules
Authors: Alaimo Cristina , Kallinikos Jannis
Published: February 2024

A new social science framework for studying the unprecedented social and economic restructuring driven by digital data.

Digital data have become the critical frontier where emerging economic practices and organizational forms confront the traditional economic order and its institutions. In Data Rules, Cristina Alaimo and Jannis Kallinikos establish a social science framework for analyzing the unprecedented social and economic restructuring brought about by data. Working at the intersection of information systems and organizational studies, they draw extensively on intellectual currents in sociology, semiotics, cognitive science and technology, and social theory. Making the case for turning “data-making” into an area of inquiry of its own, the authors uncover how data are deeply implicated in rewiring the institutions of the market economy.

The authors associate digital data with the decentering of organizations. As they point out, centered systems make sense only when firms (and formal organizations more broadly) can keep the external world at arm's length and maintain a relative operation independence from it. These patterns no longer hold. Data transform the production of goods and services to an endless series of exchanges and interactions that defeat the functional logics of markets and organizations. The diffusion of platforms and ecosystems is indicative of these broader transformations. Rather than viewing data as simply a force of surveillance and control, the authors place the transformative potential of data at the center of an emerging socioeconomic order that restructures society and its institutions.
The Connectivity of Things
Authors: Giessmann Sebastian
Published: February 2024

A media history of the material and infrastructural features of networking practices, a German classic translated for the first time into English.

Nets hold, connect, and catch. They ensnare, bind, and entangle. Our social networks owe their name to a conceivably strange and ambivalent object. But how did the net get into the network? And how can it reasonably represent the connectedness of people, things, institutions, signs, infrastructures, and even nature? The Connectivity of Things by Sebastian Giessmann, the first media history that addresses the overwhelming diversity of networks, attempts to answer all these questions and more.

Reconstructing the decisive moments in which networking turned into a veritable cultural technique, Giessmann takes readers below the street to the Parisian sewers and to the Suez Canal, into the telephone exchanges of Northeast America, and on to the London Underground. His brilliant history explains why social networks were discovered late, how the rapid rise of mathematical network theory was able to take place, how improbable the invention of the internet was, and even what diagrams and conspiracy theories have to do with it all. A primer on networking as a cultural technique, this translated German classic explains everything one ever could wish to know about networks.
Time Machines
Authors: Taws Richard
Published: February 2024

A riveting exploration of the relationship between art and telegraphy, and its implications for understanding time and history in nineteenth-century France.

In Time Machines Richard Tawsexamines the relationship between art and telegraphy in the decades following the French Revolution. The optical telegraph was a novel form of visual communication developed in the 1790s that remained in use until the mid-1850s. This pre-electric telegraph, based on a semaphore code, irrevocably changed the media landscape of nineteenth-century France. Although now largely forgotten, in its day it covered vast distances and changed the way people thought about time. It also shaped, and was shaped by, a proliferating world of images. What happens, Taws asks, if we think about art telegraphically?

Placed on prominent buildings across France—for several years there was one on top of the Louvre—the telegraph's waving limbs were a ubiquitous sight, shifting how public space was experienced and represented. The system was depicted by a wide range of artists, who were variously amused, appalled, irritated, or seduced by the telegraph's intractable coded messages and the uncanny environmental and perceptual disruption it caused. Clouds, architecture, landscapes, and gestures: all signified differently in the era of telegraphy, and the telegraph became a powerful means to comprehend France's technological and political past. While Paris's famous arcades began to crisscross the city at ground level, a more enigmatic network was operating above. Shifting attention from the streets to the skies, this book shows how modern France took shape quite literally under the telegraph's sign.
The Secret Life of Data
Authors: Sinnreich Aram , Gilbert Jesse
Published: February 2024

How data surveillance, digital forensics, and generative AI pose new long-term threats and opportunities—and how we can use them to make better decisions in the face of technological uncertainty.

In The Secret Life of Data, Aram Sinnreich and Jesse Gilbert explore the many unpredictable, and often surprising, ways in which data surveillance, AI, and the constant presence of algorithms impact our culture and society in the age of global networks. The authors build on this basic premise: no matter what form data takes, and what purpose we think it's being used for, data will always have a secret life. How this data will be used, by other people in other times and places, has profound implications for every aspect of our lives—from our intimate relationships to our professional lives to our political systems.

With the secret uses of data in mind, Sinnreich and Gilbert interview dozens of experts to explore a broad range of scenarios and contexts—from the playful to the profound to the problematic. Unlike most books about data and society that focus on the short-term effects of our immense data usage, The Secret Life of Data focuses primarily on the long-term consequences of humanity's recent rush toward digitizing, storing, and analyzing every piece of data about ourselves and the world we live in. The authors advocate for “slow fixes” regarding our relationship to data, such as creating new laws and regulations, ethics and aesthetics, and models of production for our datafied society.

Cutting through the hype and hopelessness that so often inform discussions of data and society, The Secret Life of Data clearly and straightforwardly demonstrates how readers can play an active part in shaping how digital technology influences their lives and the world at large.
Graph Vision
Authors: Vardouli Theodora
Published: February 2024

How a protean mathematical object, the graph, ushered in new images, tools, and infrastructures for design and catalyzed a digital future for architecture.

In Graph Vision, Theodora Vardouli offers a fresh history of architecture's early entanglements with modern mathematics and digital computing by focusing on a hidden protagonist: the graph. Fueled by iconoclastic sentiments and skepticism of geometric depiction, architects, she explains, turned to the skeletal underpinnings of their work, and with it the graph, as a site of representation, operation, and political possibility. Taking the reader on an enthralling journey through a polyvalent mathematical entity, Vardouli combines close readings of graphs' architectural manifestations as images, tools, and infrastructures for design with original archival work on research centers that spearheaded mathematical and computational approaches to architecture.

Structured thematically, Graph Vision weaves together archival findings on influential research groups such as the Land Use Built Form Studies Center at the University of Cambridge, the Center for Environmental Structure at Berkeley, the Architecture Machine Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, among others, as well as important figures who led, or worked in proximity to, these groups, including Lionel March, Christopher Alexander, and Yona Friedman. Together, this material chronicles the emergence of both a new way of seeing and a new prospect for the discipline that prefigured its digital futureâ€”of a â€œgraph vision.â€ Vardouli argues that this vision was one of vacillation toward visual appearance. Digital approaches to architecture, she ultimately reveals, were founded on a profound ambivalence toward the visual realm endemic to mid-twentieth century architectural and mathematical modernisms.
Intellivision
Authors: Boellstorff Tom , Soderman Braxton
Published: February 2024

The engaging story of Intellivision, an overlooked videogame system from the late 1970s and early 1980s whose fate was shaped by Mattel, Atari, and countless others who invented the gaming industry.

Astrosmash, Snafu, Star Strike, Utopia—do these names sound familiar to you? No? Maybe? They were all videogames created for the Intellivision videogame system, sold by Mattel Electronics between 1979 and 1984. This system was Atari's main rival during a key period when videogames were moving from the arcades into the home. In Intellivision, Tom Boellstorff and Braxton Soderman tell the fascinating inside story of this overlooked gaming system. Along the way, they also analyze Intellivision's chips and code, games, marketing and business strategies, organizational and social history, and the cultural and economic context of the early US games industry from the mid-1970s to the great videogame industry crash of 1983.

While many remember Atari, Intellivision has largely been forgotten. As such, Intellivision fills a crucial gap in videogame scholarship, telling the story of a console that sold millions and competed aggressively against Atari. Drawing on a wealth of data from both institutional and personal archives and over 150 interviews with programmers, engineers, executives, marketers, and designers, Boellstorff and Soderman examine the relationship between videogames and toys—an under-analyzed aspect of videogame history—and discuss the impact of home computing on the rise of videogames, the gendered implications of play and videogame design at Mattel, and the blurring of work and play in the early games industry.
Voices on the Margins
Authors: Prado Yenda , Warschauer Mark
Published: February 2024

A rich view of inclusive education at the intersection of language, literacy, and technology—drawing on case study research in a diverse full-inclusion US school before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Despite advancing efforts at integration, the segregation of students with disabilities from their nondisabled peers persists. In the United States, 34 percent of all students with disabilities spend at least 20 percent of their instructional time in segregated classrooms. For students with intellectual or multiple disabilities, segregated placement soars to 80 percent. In Voices on the Margins, Yenda Prado and Mark Warschauer provide an ethnography of an extraordinary full-inclusion public charter school in the western United States—Future Visions Academy. And they ask: What does it mean to be inclusive in today's schools with their increasingly pervasive use of digital technologies?

Voices on the Margins examines the ways digital technologies support inclusion and language and literacy practices for culturally and linguistically diverse children with and without disabilities. A wide range of qualitative data collected in the case study illuminates three central themes: (1) the kinds of social organization that allow a fully inclusive environment for children with disabilities to thrive, (2) the ways that digital technologies can be used to help students express their voice and agency, while developing language and literacy skills, and (3) the ways that digital technologies can be used to foster stronger networks and connections between students, teachers, staff, and parents.
The Curie Society, Volume 2
Authors: Einhorn Heather , Staffaroni Adam , Toole Anne , Liao Sonia
Published: February 2024

The plucky young scientist heroes of The Curie Society go toe-to-toe with a powerful and sinister threat in a globe-spanning scientific adventure on the cutting edge of advanced biotech.

Our heroic teen science prodigies are back for a new mission with the Curie Society, an elite secret organization where brilliant women can pursue the furthest reaches of their intellect, and this time they face a threat more serious and more sinister than anything they've encountered before!

Maya, Taj, and Simone are supposed to be spending their summer broadening their horizons, but their plans take a strange and puzzling turn when the Curie Society's original chapter, at the Sorbonne in Paris, calls on them for help. Daksha, a Society alumna, is promoting cutting-edge science and technology startups at a showcase event, but someone has threatened to stop her and the proceedings. When Daksha is poisoned, the team swings into action to investigate.

Along with new friends from the Paris chapter of the Curie Society, the team is thrown into a globe-spanning quest and a dangerous game of cat and mouse with a shadowy villain intent on controlling the world's wealth through advanced biotech. The Curie Society will need all their specialized science skills to stop this scheme before it's too late!
Cats, Carpenters, and Accountants
Authors: de Fremery Wayne
Published: February 2024

An expansive case for bibliography as infrastructure in information science.

Cats, Carpenters, and Accountants argues that bibliography serves a foundational role within information science as infrastructure, and like all infrastructures, it needs and deserves attention. Wayne de Fremery's thoughtful provocation positions bibliography as a means to serve the many ends pursued by information scientists. He explains that bibliographic practices, such as enumeration and description, lie at the heart of knowledge practices and cultural endeavors, but these kinds of infrastructures are difficult to see. In this book, he reveals them and the ways that they formulate information and meaning, artificial intelligence, and human knowledge.

Drawing on scholarship from areas as diverse as data science, machine learning, Korean poetry, and the history of bibliography, de Fremery makes the case for understanding bibliography as a generative mode of accounting for what has been received as data, what he calls “carpentry-accounting.” Referencing a well-known debate in the Anglo-American bibliographical tradition that features a willful cat, he suggests that bibliography and bibliographers are intentionally marginal figures who, paradoxically, perform foundational work in the service of the diverse disciplinary ends that formulate, however loosely, information science as a field. When we attend to the marginal but essential work of accounting for what humankind has fashioned as recorded knowledge, it becomes easier to consider the ways that human accounts can serve and, sometimes, injure us. Relevant to scholars and students from the sciences to the humanities, Cats, Carpenters, and Accountants is a highly original argument for bibliography as a marginal but foundationally powerful force shaping information science as a field and the ways that we know.
The Rule Book
Authors: Stenros Jaakko , Montola Markus
Published: February 2024

How games are built on the foundations of rules, and how rules—of which there are only five kinds—really work.

Board games to sports, digital games to party games, gambling to role-playing games. They all share one thing in common: rules. Indeed, rules are the one and only thing game scholars agree is central to games. But what, in fact, are rules? In The Rule Book, Jaakko Stenros and Markus Montola explore how different kinds of rules work as building blocks of games. Rules are constraints placed on us while we play, carving a limited possibility space for us. They also inject meaning into our play: without rules there is no queen in chess, no ball in Pong, and no hole in one in golf.

Stenros and Montola discuss how rules constitute games through five foundational types: the explicit statements listed in the official rules, the private limitations and goals players place on themselves, the social and cultural norms that guide gameplay, the external regulation the surrounding society places on playing, and the material embodiments of rules. Depending on the game, rules can be formal, internal, social, external, or material.

By considering the similarities and differences of wildly different games and rules within a shared theoretical framework, The Rule Book renders all games more legible.
The Character of Consent
Authors: Jones Meg Leta
Published: February 2024

The rich, untold origin story of the ubiquitous web cookie—what's wrong with it, why it's being retired, and how we can do better.

Consent pop-ups continually ask us to download cookies to our computers, but is this all-too-familiar form of privacy protection effective? No, Meg Leta Jones explains in The Character of Consent, rather than promote functionality, privacy, and decentralization, cookie technology has instead made the internet invasive, limited, and clunky. Good thing, then, that the cookie is set for retirement in 2024. In this eye-opening book, Jones tells the little-known story of this broken consent arrangement, tracing it back to the major transnational conflicts around digital consent over the last twenty-five years. What she finds is that the policy controversy is not, in fact, an information crisis—it's an identity crisis.

Instead of asking how people consent, Jones asks who exactly is consenting and to what. Packed into those cookie pop-ups, she explains, are three distinct areas of law with three different characters who can consent. Within (mainly European) data protection law, the data subject consents. Within communication privacy law, the user consents. And within consumer protection law, the privacy consumer consents. These areas of law have very different histories, motivations, institutional structures, expertise, and strategies, so consent—and the characters who can consent—plays a unique role in those areas of law. The Character of Consent gives each computer character its due, taking us back to their origin stories within the legal history of computing. By doing so, Jones provides alternative ways of understanding the core issues within the consent dilemma. More importantly, she offers bold new approaches to creating and adopting better tech policies in the future.
The Curious Culture of Economic Theory
Authors: Spiegler Ran
Published: February 2024

An essay collection that insightfully explores the professional culture of contemporary economic theory, highlighting key features of successful economic theory from the last quarter century.

When is a theoretical result taken seriously enough for economic application? How do theorists actively try to influence this judgment? What determines whether a new theoretical subfield adopts a “pure” or an “applied” style? How do theorists respond to economists' penchant for “rational” explanations of human behavior? These are just some of the questions regarding the professional culture of contemporary economic theory that Ran Spiegler attempts to answer in this incisive essay collection, The Curious Culture of Economic Theory. In exploring these questions, Spiegler addresses the norms that economic theorists apply as they produce, evaluate, and disseminate research.

Introducing a new genre—a kind of cultural criticism of economic theory—the essays in this unique collection highlight elements of style and rhetoric that characterize classic pieces of economic theory from the last quarter century. For each piece, Spiegler offers a precise yet accessible exposition of modern classics of economic theory while placing them in the broader context of the field's professional culture. Affectionate in its criticism and anthropological in its approach, The Curious Culture of Economic Theory is as valuable a complement to standard textbooks in graduate-level economic theory, game theory, and behavioral economics as it is to the libraries of practicing economic theorists, academic economists, historians of economic thought, and philosophers of economics.
Cultures of Prediction
Authors: Johnson Ann , Lenhard Johannes
Published: February 2024

A probing examination of the dynamic history of predictive methods and values in science and engineering that helps us better understand today's cultures of prediction.

The ability to make reliable predictions based on robust and replicable methods is a defining feature of the scientific endeavor, allowing engineers to determine whether a building will stand up or where a cannonball will strike. Cultures of Prediction, which bridges history and philosophy, uncovers the dynamic history of prediction in science and engineering over four centuries. Ann Johnson and Johannes Lenhard identify four different cultures, or modes, of prediction in the history of science and engineering: rational, empirical, iterative-numerical, and exploratory-iterative. They show how all four develop together and interact with one another while emphasizing that mathematization is not a single unitary process but one that has taken many forms.

The story is not one of the triumph of abstract mathematics or technology but of how different modes of prediction, complementary concepts of mathematization, and technology coevolved, building what the authors call “cultures of prediction.” The first part of the book examines prediction from early modernity up to the computer age. The second part probes computer-related cultures of prediction, which focus on making things and testing their performance, often in computer simulations. This new orientation challenges basic tenets of the philosophy of science, in which scientific theories and models are predominantly seen as explanatory rather than predictive. It also influences the types of research projects that scientists and engineers undertake, as well as which ones receive support from funding agencies.
Going Big
Authors: Stubbs Christopher W.
Published: February 2024

All the crucial skills scientists need to make a professional transition into large projects and collaborations that require governance and project management.

Modern science increasingly tackles ambitious projects whose size and complexity require an equally ambitious coordination of efforts, schedules, and resources. In Going Big, Harvard Professor and Dean of Science Christopher Stubbs provides the essential resource for scientists who are ramping up the scale of their scientific enterprises and working within the various hierarchies and sociologies of large scientific teams. An experienced project scientist, Stubbs focuses on technical project management for the construction of large facilities, instruments, and software development, and guides both junior and established scientists on how to work in big, structured collaborations.

Stubbs supplements scientists' formal training in their fields with the logistical, sociological, and strategic knowledge they need to tackle modern science's increasingly ambitious projects, from matters of risk, cost, and performance to the issues of budgeting, scheduling, and human relations. Chapters address technical documentation, risk mitigation, tracking progress and milestones; health, safety, and environmental considerations; and ways to be an effective team member and defuse interpersonal conflicts. Scaffolded with real-world advice and suggestions for success, Going Big covers the lifecycle of large projects to equip scientists worldwide, at every stage of their career.
The Ethics of Entrepreneurship Education
Authors: Jensen Kyle
Published: February 2024

How to handle the ethical challenges raised by entrepreneurship education amid its explosive growth in colleges—from the perspective of an educator, administrator, investor, inventor, and former student entrepreneur.

Entrepreneurship is now everywhere on college campuses: from classes and contests to accelerators and incubators spread across diverse departments and programs. These activities cultivate tomorrow's Facebooks and Googles but can also put profit in conflict with pedagogy. Should faculty keep information about student start-ups confidential? Should universities, or educators personally, invest in student start-ups? Should educators adjudicate disputes between student founders? In The Ethics of Entrepreneurship Education, Kyle Jensen addresses these questions and many others.

This book fills a significant hole in the literature and helps readers think through the everyday ethical problems that arise in campus entrepreneurship. Jensen draws on economics literature, normative ethics, the wisdom of antiquity, and stories from his own wide-ranging experience to guide the discussion, while mixing in a good deal of wit and levity. It is an invaluable resource for all those involved in campus entrepreneurship, from university educators and administrators to students, mentors, investors, donors, and alumni.
Landing the Paris Climate Agreement
Authors: Stern Todd
Published: February 2024

From the U.S. lead negotiator on climate change, an inside account of the seven-year negotiation that culminated in the Paris Climate Agreement in 2015—and where the international climate effort needs to go from here.

The 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change was one of the most difficult and hopeful achievements of the twenty-first century: 195 nations finally agreed, after 20 years of trying, to establish an ambitious, operational regime to address one of the greatest civilizational challenges of our time. In Landing the Paris Climate Agreement, Todd Stern, the chief US negotiator on climate change, provides an engaging account from inside the rooms where it happened: the full, charged, seven-year story of how the Paris Agreement came to be, following an arc from Copenhagen, to Durban, to the secret U.S.-China climate deal in 2014, to Paris itself.

With a storyteller's gift for character, suspense, and detail, Stern crafts a high-stakes narrative that illuminates the strategy, policy, politics, and diplomacy that made Paris possible. Introducing readers to a vivid cast of characters, including Xie Zhenhua, Vice Minister of China's National Development and Reform Commission, Bo Lidegaard, chief strategist for Denmark's Prime Minster, and Indian minister Jairam Ramesh, Stern, who worked alongside President Barack Obama and Secretaries of State John Kerry and Hillary Clinton, depicts the pitfalls and challenges overcome, the shifting alliances, the last-minute maneuvering, and the ultimate historic success. The book concludes with a final chapter that describes key developments since 2015 and the author's reflections on what needs to be done going forward to contain the climate threat.

A unique peek behind the curtain of one of the most important international agreements of our time, Landing the Paris Climate Agreement is a vital and fascinating read for anyone who cares about the future of our one shared home.
Daydreaming in the Solar System
Authors: Moores John E. , Rogerson Jesse , Parsons Michelle D.
Published: February 2024

A thrilling journey through the solar system that merges imagination with hard science.

Imagine traveling to the far reaches of the solar system, pausing for close-up encounters with distant planets, moons, asteroids, and comets, accompanied by a congenial guide to the science behind what you see. What, for instance, would it be like to fly in Titan's hazy atmosphere? To walk across the surface of Mercury? To feel the rumble of a volcano brewing on one of Jupiter's largest moons? In Daydreaming in the Solar System, John Moores and Jesse Rogerson bring that dream to virtual life. Through a combination of story and science they let readers know what such an otherworldly experience would actually look, feel, and even taste like.

With data gathered over the decades by our robotic spacecraft, and with Michelle Parsons's evocative illustrations, Moores and Rogerson boldly take you where no living being has gone before, along the way giving an engaging and accurate explanation of the science. Where Carl Sagan's storied “spaceship of the imagination” provided a window to outer space, Daydreaming in the Solar System opens a door, inviting readers to step through and truly explore the strange new worlds of the solar system. Undertaking this interplanetary journey powered by hard science, there is no limit to where your daydreams can take you.
The Ghost in the Addict
Authors: Siegel Shepard
Published: February 2024

How withdrawal distress and cravings can haunt current and former addicts, and what they can teach us about addiction and its treatments.

“The dead drug leaves a ghost behind. At certain hours it haunts the house,” Jean Cocteau once wrote. In The Ghost in the Addict, Shepard Siegel offers a Pavlovian analysis of drug use. Chronic drug use, he explains, conditions users to have an anticipatory homeostatic correction, which protects the addict from overdose. This drug-preparatory response, elicited by drug-paired cues, is often mislabeled a “withdrawal response.” The withdrawal response, however, is not due to the baneful effects of previous drug administrations; rather, it is due to the body's preparation for the next drug administration—a preparatory response that can haunt addicts like a ghost long after they have conquered their usage.

Examining the failure of legislation, the circumstances of overdose, and the cues that promote drug use, Siegel seeks to counter the widespread belief that addiction is evidence of a pathology. Instead, he proposes that the addict has an adaptive, learned response to the physiological changes wrought by drug use. It is only through understanding so-called withdrawal symptoms as a Pavlovian response, he explains, that we can begin to understand why addicts experience cravings long after their last drug use.
Inducing Immunity?
Authors: Pierik Roland , Verweij Marcel
Published: February 2024

Why immunization must be made mandatory in times of vaccine hesitancy, and how we can design and implement immunization policies in a practical, trustworthy, and democratic way.

We live in perilous times when a significant number of citizens are either defiantly antivaccination or hesitant to accept vaccinations for themselves or for their children. In Inducing Immunity?, legal philosopher Roland Pierik and bioethicist Marcel Verweij explore ways to regulate collective immunization in as democratic a manner as possible. Approaching the problem as a matter of a conflict between the responsibility of government to protect public health and the basic right to freedom of citizens, Pierik and Verweij argue that John Stuart Mill's harm principle—the idea that individuals should be free to act so long as their actions do not harm others—offers a strong basis for coercive immunization policies.

Covering childhood immunization policies, as well as vaccination programs aimed at adult citizens, the authors argue that a coercive immunization policy in any liberal democracy must first satisfy the principle of proportionality. This leads them to an in-depth exploration of the role of exemptions, the nature of coercion, and the contents of vaccination programs. In the final part of the book, the authors also discuss the importance and scope of freedom of speech, given how the current spread of misinformation has undermined confidence in vaccines.

Offering an in-depth analysis in bioethics and legal philosophy, Inducing Immunity? is a sensible and applicable guide for health professionals, policymakers, and academics alike on how we can—and must—do better with our immunization policies.
Glitchy Vision
Authors: Greene Amanda K.
Published: February 2024

A novel exploration of popular photographic media cultures in 1930s Europe through a feminist lens—and how visual social media changes what it means to be human both then and now.

Glitchy Vision takes a feminist approach to media history to examine how photographic social media cultures change human bodies and the experience of being human. To illuminate these glitches, Greene  focuses on the inevitable distortions that arise from looking at the past through the lens of the present. Treating these distortions as tools as opposed to obstacles, Greene uncovers new ways of viewing social media cultures of the past, while also revealing parallels between historical contexts and our contemporary digital media environment.

Greene uses three “born-digital keywords”—real time, algorithmic filters, and sousveillance—to examine photographic media environments in and around 1930s Europe. Each chapter of the book places one of the keywords in dialogue with an unconventional archive of popular “feminized” cultural artifacts and technological innovations from this historical moment that have been overlooked as critical resources for media studies: Evelyn Waugh's bestselling novel Vile Bodies (1930) and photographic reproductions for the tabloid press; Lee Miller's war photography for British Vogue and glamourous photo-retouching techniques; and the Mass-Observation Movement's surrealist anthropology.

Glitchy Vision provides new strategies for reading history that show how small shifts in the circuits that connect bodies and media affect what it means to be human both in the past and today.