bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGUJIAN PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH GELAS PLASTIK POLYPROPYLENE (PP) DALAM KOMPOSISI CAMPURAN BETON
Authors: Alamsyah Muh. Irham , Sriyani Rini , Rachman Ranno Marlany
Published: March 2022

ABSTRAKGelas plastik polypropylene (PP) merupakan salah satu jenis plastik yang tidak dapat didaur ulang dengan mudah. Pemanfaatan limbah gelas plastik polypropylene (PP) dalam campuran beton salah satunya untuk meningkatkan mutu beton, mengurangi limbah plastik, serta mempelajari potensi akan penggunaan cacahan limbah gelas plastik polypropylene (PP) sebagai bahan tambah dalam campuran beton terhadap kuat tekan. Mutu beton K-175 dengan persentasi penambahan cacahan limbah gelas plastik polypropylene (PP) sebesar 0%, 5%, 10%, dan 15% dari berat agregat kasar. Pengujian kuat tekan beton dilakukan pada umur 7, 14, dan 28 hari. Hasil pengujian kuat tekan pada umur perendaman 28 hari menunjukkan bahwa pada penambahan persentase cacahan limbah gelas plastik Polypropylene terhadap campuran beton normal, beton mengalami penurunan yang sangat signifikan pada kuat tekan beton. Kata Kunci : Beton, polypropylene, berat agregat kasar, kuat tekanABSTRACTPolypropylene (PP) plastic cups are one type of plastic that cannot be recycled easily. One of the uses of polypropylene glass waste (PP) in concrete mixes is to improve concrete quality, reduce plastic waste, and study the potential use of polypropylene glass waste (PP) chopped waste as added material in concrete mixes to compressive strength. This research guideline refers to SNI (Indonesian National Standard). The quality of K-175 concrete with the percentage addition of polypropylene (PP) plastic glass waste counts is 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of the weight of coarse aggregate. Concrete compressive strength testing is carried out at the age of 7, 14 and 28 days. The results of compressive strength testing at 28 days immersion show that the percentage of shredded Polypropylene plastic glass waste to a normal concrete mixture, concrete has a very significant decrease in compressive strength of concrete. Keywords  : Concrete, polypropylene, coarse aggregate weight, compressive strength
PENGARUH PENGGABUNGAN BATU BULAT DENGAN BATU PECAH TERHADAP MODULUS ELASTISITAS PADA CAMPURAN ASPAL BETON (AC-WC)
Authors: Bulgis Bulgis , Massara Asma , Salim Salim
Published: March 2022

Pengadaan agregat batu pecah sebagai bahan campuran aspal membutuhkan  biaya yang besar dalam proses pengolahan dan pengangkutan ke lokasi proyek. Agregat bulat memiliki permukaan yang halus dan licin sehingga menghasilkan interlocking yang lebih kecil. Penggabungan agregat batu pecah dan bulat diharapkan dapat menambah interlocking antara agregat, yang berpengaruh sifat modulus elastisitas campuran. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah metode eksperimen di Laboratorium. Agregat bentuk pecah dan bentuk bulat yang digunakan sebagai bahan penyusun pada campuran aspal minyak dalam pembuatan benda uji (briket). dalam penelitian ini  akan divariasikan penggunaan agregat bentuk bulat sebesar 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20%. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian dengan menggunakan alat uji Kuat Tarik Tidak Langsung, untuk mendapatkan nilai modulus elastisitas campuran. Hasil penelitian hubungan modulus elastisitas terhadap variasi agregat bentuk pecah dan agregat bentuk bulat dengan presentase 0% modulus elastisitas mengalami penurunan hingga presentase 20%, sedangkan nilai regangan semakin bertambah.  Hal ini menunjukkan elastisitas campuran dengan penambahan agregat bulat bertambah, namun daya interlocking agregat berkurang.
Pengembangan Instrumen Berpikir Inventif Siswa
Authors: Qomariah Winda Fajar , Rian Vebrianto  , Mery Berlian
Published: March 2022

Instrument penelitian mempunyai pengaruh yang besar dalam sebuah penelitian karena disitulah letak sebuah kebenaran dalamhasil penelitia. Ketika instrument penelitian salah maka dapat dipastikan instrument tersebut tidak bias mengukur apa yang seharusnya diukur. Instrmen berguna untuk mengambil data pada penelitian yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini menguji kembali instrumen yang valid dan konsisten serta reliabel dalam memberikan data hasil penelitian berkaitan dengan kemampuan berpikir inventif siswa. Hal ini perlu dilakukan karena perbedaan gender Dalam penelitian ini, berpikir inventif terdiri dari enam konstruk, yaitu: : 1) Fleksibel, 2) Regulasi diri, 3)Ingin tahu, 4) kreativitas, 5) Pengambilan resiko, 6) Pemikir Tinggi.  Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian pengembangan (R&D) yang melibatkan 30 responden dari siswa kelas IV MI Aulia Cendekia Pekanbaru. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan SPSS Versi 24.00 for Windows validitas dan reabilitas instrumen. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa semua item kuisioner valid dan reliabel dengan nilai realibilitas seluruh kajian konstruk Cronbach Alpha yang tinggi (0.935 > 0.6). Dengan demikian, angka tersebut memberikan informasi bahwa penelitian ini telah menghasilkan instrumen yang berkualitas yang dapat digunakan untuk mengevaluasi penguasaan siswa terhadap berpikir inventif pada proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran di MI Aulia Cendekia Pekanbaru
Desenvolvimento e otimização de silenciador automotivo orientado a protótipos Formula Student
Authors: Piccini Alexandre , Mareze Paulo Henrique , Martins Mario , Fonseca William D'Andrea
Published: March 2022

Competições Formula Student/FSAE estipulam limites de ruído para os protótipos veiculares Formula SAE de combustão interna, de forma a não agredir a saúde auditiva de participantes. A regulamentação vigente nestas competições estipula limites de nível de pressão sonora de até 103,0 dB(C) em marcha lenta e 110,0 dB(C) em todas as outras faixas de operação do motor, sob determinadas condições de medição. Muitas equipes demonstram dificuldades em atender esses critérios de forma eficaz, visto que estudos de caso de sucesso são raramente documentados. Este trabalho propõe métodos para este fim, discutindo detalhadamente a concepção e a otimização de silenciadores para os casos citados. Formas de caracterização e modelagem do problema são abordadas com base na potência sonora da fonte e na predição de níveis de pressão sonora. Protótipos e o processo de tomada de decisão são propostos e discutidos detalhadamente. Posteriormente, a aplicação de algoritmos genéticos à otimização de silenciadores em baixas frequências aliada ao método de matrizes de transferência é abordada. Além disso, a análise pelo método de elementos finitos é realizada com o propósito de estender o intervalo de frequências estudadas e também verificar os efeitos da aplicação de materiais porosos. Mil gerações, com 50 indivíduos cada, são estimadas, direcionando o projeto em estudo para reduzir o nível de pressão sonora global previsto em 3,3 dB(C), em média. O trabalho resulta em um projeto que atinge seguramente os limites estabelecidos por regulamento. A validação do protótipo construído nas duas condições de avaliação constatou níveis de pressão sonora de 89,9 dB(C) e 108,5 dB(C), respectiva- mente.
Teleconnections influence on Precipitation of Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Carpenedo Camila Bertoletti , Da Silva Carlos Batista
Published: March 2022

Teleconnections are remote connections, which explain the relationship between anomalies distant from each other, typically on the order of 1,000 km, covering large geographic areas. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate how teleconnections influence precipitation in the Brazilian Cerrado. Through seasonal linear correlation analysis (between summer 1980 and spring 2019) with precipitation (CPC/NOAA), the tropic-tropic teleconnection (SST anomalies in El Niño regions) shows that each El Niño region and season affect differently the precipitation in the Cerrado. The tropic-subtropic teleconnection (South Atlantic Dipole) shows a predominance of positive correlations in the northern Cerrado and negative (positive) correlations in the southern Cerrado, during winter and spring (summer and autumn). The tropic-extratropic teleconnection (Southern Annular Mode - SAM) shows a predominance of positive correlations in relation to negative correlations. The stochastic model suggests that about 30% of the precipitation in the Cerrado, in autumn and winter, is associated with SAM and SST anomalies in the El Niño regions.
Modelando a chuva máxima diária no município de João Pessoa-PB por meio da Teoria dos Valores Extremos
Authors: Souza Larissa da Silva , Medeiros Elias Silva de , Silva Alessandra Querino da , Oliveira Luciano Antonio de
Published: March 2022

As chuvas extremas têm causado inúmeros impactos em várias regiões brasileiras, principalmente no Nordeste. Este estudo teve como objetivo modelar a chuva máxima diária no município de João Pessoa-PB, Brasil. Os dados da série histórica de 1980 a 2019 foram analisados usando a teoria dos valores extremos (EVT), com ajustes da Gumbel e da distribuição Generalizada de Valores Extremos (GEV). Os resultados mostraram que a distribuição de Gumbel se ajustou melhor aos dados de janeiro a agosto e outubro, com parâmetros estimados pelo método de máxima verossimilhança. A distribuição GEV foi a mais adequada para setembro, novembro e dezembro, que normalmente apresentam níveis de chuvas mais baixos. Além disso, as estimativas do nível de retorno apontam para a ocorrência de fortes chuvas devido à sua intensidade em um único dia para períodos de retorno de 2, 5 e 10 anos. Esses resultados podem fornecer subsídios para o planejamento de políticas públicas à redução dos impactos das chuvas extremas.
Insights on the residency status and inter-island movement patterns of pantropical spotted dolphins Stenella attenuata in the Agoa Sanctuary, Eastern Caribbean
Authors: Courtin Baptiste , Millon Cédric , Feunteun Aurore , Safi Morjane , Duporge Nathalie , Bolanos-Jiménez Jaime , Barragan-Barrera Dalia C. , Bouveret Laurent , De Montgolfier Benjamin
Published: March 2022

The pantropical spotted dolphin (PSD, Stenella attenuata) is the most common cetacean species observed within the Agoa Sanctuary, located in the Lesser Antilles, Eastern Caribbean. These dolphins are easily observable and are the main target of whale-watching activities along the leeward coasts of Guadeloupe and Martinique islands. Because PSD is common within the sanctuary it is considered a resident species, however, no research has been carried out to estimate its population status and movement patterns between islands. Previous unpublished work found the sighting of an individual in Martinique and Guadeloupe, suggesting potential exchange of individuals between these islands. To test this hypothesis a photo-ID survey in 2018 and 2019 was conducted, resulting in 54,298 photographs. With no matches of individuals between islands, our findings do not support regular exchange of PSD individuals between Martinique and Guadeloupe. However, given previous re-sighting data, it is possible that movement of individuals between islands exists but at lower frequencies than expected, which can only be detected through long-term surveys. Additionally, populations from both islands showed relatively high site fidelity. We found that in Guadeloupe the PSD population is homogeneously distributed along the coast. In contrast, in Martinique the PSD population was composed of two resident groups concentrated in one area. Moreover, 70 new individuals were identified in Guadeloupe and 54 in Martinique while POPAN modelling estimated the number of marked individuals in the study area during 2018 and 2019 at 89 in Guadeloupe and 90 in Martinique. This research provides the first insights on the residency and movement patterns of S. attenuata in the Agoa Sanctuary and can inform future efforts in management and conservation.
Anchoring technique to overcome troubleshooting during coronary sinus catheterization
Authors: Mitkowski Przemysław , Waśniewski Michał , Wardęga Tomasz , Katarzyńska-Szymańska Agnieszka , Chmielewska-Michalak Lidia , Ochotny Romuald , Lesiak Maciej
Published: March 2022

Despite getting experience by physicians and the availability of more effective tools catheter placement in the coronary sinus during LV lead placement may be a significant technical problem. A case of a woman with breast cancer and a heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and left bundle branch block in whom a left ventricular lead placement procedure has been attempted. There was a problem to place a catheter inside the coronary sinus. To overcome troubles anchoring technique was applied to stabilize with a balloon a hydrophilic guide wire 0.035” placed in a cardiac vein.
Unausgeschöpfte Potenziale
Authors: Büchner Stefanie , Männle Philipp
Published: March 2022

Es ist ein großes Versprechen: In der gemeinsamen Datennutzung in öffentlichen Organisationen liegen enorme Wachstums-, Innovations- und Entwicklungschancen. Doch wer diese Möglichkeiten realisieren will, kommt nicht umhin, die Debatte an jene sozialen Kontexte rückzubinden, in denen sich Praktiken der Datennutzung und des Datenteilens entfalten - den Organisationen der öffentlichen Verwaltung selbst. Mit sieben Thesen zeigen wir, vor welchen Herausforderungen und Entscheidungsbedarfen diese stehen und was getan werden kann, um die Ambitionen einer datafizierten Verwaltung zu realisieren.
Dezentrale Coworking Spaces der Länder
Authors: Hiller Tobias
Published: March 2022

Die Gewinnung neuer und das Halten der bisherigen Beschäftigten im öffentlichen Dienst steht auf Seiten des Arbeitsangebots vor den Herausforderungen des demographischen Wandels sowie - zumindest in einigen Regionen - der Bevölkerungswanderung in Deutschland. Gleichzeitig erhöhen sich die qualitativen Anforderungen an die gesuchten Beschäftigten beispielsweise im Hinblick auf deren Affinität zur digitalen Serviceerbringung. Dem gegenüber steht das Gesamtpaket als Arbeitgeber. Dieses besteht sowohl aus monetären als auch nicht-monetären Bestandteilen. Die erstgenannten sind im Tarifvertrag für den öffentlichen Dienst der Länder (TV-L), den geltenden Entgelttabellen und der Entgeltordnung festgelegt. Spielraum bieten hingegen (zum Teil) die nicht-monetären Bestandteile. Auf die Idee dezentraler durch die Länder betriebener Coworking-Spaces geht dieser Beitrag ein.
Deeskalation: Polizeiliche Kommunikations fähigkeit und konfliktreduzierende Handlungskompetenz
Authors: Zaiser Benjamin , Staller Mario S. , Koerner Swen
Published: March 2022

In diesem Beitrag veranschaulichen wir den Wirkbereich der polizeilichen Kommunikationsfähigkeit und konfliktreduzierenden Handlungskompetenz. Von diesem Bestimmungspotenzial schließen wir die Position, die die deeskalierende Kommunikation als Schlüsselkompetenz von Polizeivollzugsbeamt*innen besetzt: Sie ist dem Einsatz anderer Mittel, insbesondere der Anwendung von Zwang, übergeordnet und trägt das polizeiliche Handeln als Gesamtes von Beginn bis zum Ende des Bürgerkontaktes. Wir stellen unser Argument auf einen Überblick der verfügbaren Literatur und stellen diesen der aktuell beobachteten Praxis im polizeilichen Einsatztraining gegenüber. Als Schlussfolgerung leiten wir konkrete Themen sowohl für die weitere Forschung als auch für die inhaltliche Gestaltung evidenzbasierter und reflektierter Kommunikationstrainings ab.
Neurotoxic Effects of Insecticides Chlorpyrifos, Carbaryl, Imidacloprid, in Different Animal Species
Authors: Mora-Gutiérrez Alejandra , Rubio Carmen , Alonso Romero-López Ángel , Rubio-Osornio Moisés
Published: March 2022

Insecticides are pesticides used to control insects in agriculture, ornamental gardens, homes, and veterinary medicine. Although the toxic effects on the environment and the health of living beings are not fully understood, these pesticides have become the first options for crop protection in agriculture. After herbicides, insecticides are the most extensively used pesticides in agriculture, with large quantities consumed on every continent, primarily in America. Chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, and imidacloprid are among the top ten most used insecticides. Amidst organophosphates, chlorpyrifos has been reported to be used in over fifty food crops. Carbaryl is a carbamate employed as an insecticide, fungicide, herbicide, and nematicide. Similarly, neonicotinoids are the most used insecticide on a global scale. Neonicotinoids include imidacloprid, the second most frequently used pesticide, surpassed only by glyphosate. It is used because it is less toxic to humans. However, insects appear to be less resistant to its compounds. Evidence suggests that these insecticides persist in soils for a long time and have neurotoxic effects in animal species not intended to receive its consequences. Thus, this chapter’s aim is to describe these three pesticides effects and contrast them with the most recent findings regarding their neurotoxic effects in various animal species.
Design, Analysis and Testing of Piezoelectric Tool Actuator for Elliptical Vibration Cutting
Authors: Han Jinguo , Lu Mingming , Lin Jieqiong
Published: March 2022

In the field of ultraprecision machining, the structured surfaces with various micro/nano characteristics may have different advanced functions, such as wettability modifications, tribological control and hybrid micro-optics. However, the machining of micro/nano structured surfaces is becoming a challenge for present cutting method. Especially for the difficult-to-cut materials, it is impossible to manufacture complex micro/nano features by using traditional cutting methods. The complex features require a cutting tool no longer confined to the traditional motion guide. The cutting tool should have more quick response velocity and flexible modulated ability. This chapter aims to make an introduction for piezoelectric tool actuator used in elliptical vibration cutting, which can be offering tertiary cutting operations with quick response and flexible modulated ability. The content covers the working principle of piezoelectric tool actuator, compliant mechanism design, static modeling, kinematic and dynamic modeling, structure optimization and offline testing.
О ПРОМЈЕНИ ПРАВЦА ДЈЕЛОВАЊА ТАЈНОГ ЂАЧКОГ ДРУШТВА У ТУЗЛИ 1914. ГОДИНЕ
Authors: Адамовић Ведрана
Published: March 2022

Ђачке организације почеле су се оснивати по средњим школама широм земље, интензивније након анексије 1908. године, с циљем упознавања са словенском литературом, да би већ 1911-1912. доживјеле извјесне промјене. До тада чисто литерарне, омладинске организације по средњим школама добивају револуционарни карактер и због околности дјеловања постају тајне. Ђачко друштво у Тузли све од првог помена 1904. године па до априла 1914. било је састављено искључиво од Срба и неколико Срба муслимана. Након тога, свега два мјесеца прије атентата, у друштво улазе и Хрвати, њих четворица. Самим тим, у ранијој литератури познат термин, Српско – хрватска револуционарна омладина, када је ово друштво у питању, није у потпуности прихватљив, јер није истински утемељен. Хрвата и муслимана било је у тек незнатном броју. Разлози њиховог приласка Србима, такође су различити, од посве практичних, ради бољег разумијевања словенске литературе пред матуру, па до оних прикривених и срачунатих - идеолошких. Овом тајном ђачком друштву суђено је на Тузланском процесу, познатијем као Процес Тодору Илићу и друговима, иако је главна расправа одржана пред окружним судом у Бихаћу од 13. до 30. септембра 1915. године. Овај преломни тренутак приказан је у раду највише кроз архивску документацију и мемоарску литературу која осликава праву суштину и карактер једног подијељеног друштва непосредно пред избијање Првог свјетског рата.
Knowledge Mapping of Medicinal Plants Based on Artificial Neural Network
Authors:   Office of Academic Affairs, Hebei Chemical & Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang 050000, China, Miao Lei
Published: March 2022

Knowledge mapping of medicinal plants enable ordinary people to differentiate between medicinal plants and learn their pharmacological effects, provide assistances and instructions to medical workers during the use of medicinal plants, and support intelligent queries of the properties of traditional medicinal plants. This paper innovatively introduces artificial neural network to the knowledge mapping of medicinal plants, and provides a practical and valuable reference for scientific development and reasonable use of medicinal plants. Firstly, the entity relationships were designed for medical knowledge map, and the definitions, scales, and examples were given for each type of data in the proposed knowledge map of medicinal plants. Next, the authors detailed the ideas of multi-source knowledge fusion, and the acquisition and storage strategies for entity information of medicinal plants. Then, the attention-based bidirectional gated recurrent network was combined with convolutional neural network to detect the genetic relationships between medicinal plants from the angles of semantics and texts. Finally, this paper explains the semantic retrieval algorithm for medicinal plants, and visualizes the knowledge map. The proposed model and semantic retrieval algorithm were proved effective and superior through experiments. It is concluded that: The smaller the batch size, the higher the recognition accuracy of plant entities, and the better the recognition effect. The research findings provide a reference for knowledge mapping in other fields.
The Effect of Walking Exercise on Blood Pressure and Blood Glucose in the Elderly
Authors: Rizka Muhammad , Laksmi Ambardini Rachmah , Adhi Virama La Ode , Yudhistira Dewangga
Published: March 2022

Background: Walking exercise is a physical activity that stimulates various components of physical fitness. Particularly in the elderly, it improves blood circulation, strengthens bones, lowers blood pressure and glucose. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of walking exercise on blood pressure and blood glucose in the elderly. Method: This research was experimental research that used a quantitative approach. Participants were elderly aged 60 years with a history of hypertension and high blood glucose. The samples in this study were 34 people who were determined based on a simple random sampling technique. The experimental group was given physical activity treatment for walking 3x a week with mild to moderate intensity for 60 minutes for three weeks. The control group did not participate in any treatment. The walking program took place outside on a 1 mile/1,609 meter track. Before beginning the exercise program, participants should warm up for 5-10 minutes with a leisurely walk. In this case, the participant’s mileage is 1 mile. The instrument used to measure blood pressure in this study was an aneroid sphygmomanometer, while a glucometer was used to measure blood glucose levels. Results: This study found that: Based on the Mann-Whitney test, it showed that there was a significant effect of walking exercise on decreasing systolic blood pressure (p 0.005), diastolic blood pressure (p 0.018), and reducing blood sugar (p 0.031). Conclusion: Walking exercise has a significant effect on blood pressure and blood glucose in the elderly.
Female Genital Cutting in Ịjọland: Context, Performance, and Songs
Authors:   Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, Armstrong Imomotimi
Published: March 2022

Female genital cutting is a vexed issue which has generated a considerable body of scholarship in both the humanities and the sciences. In this study, I focus on the ritual among the Ịjọ of Nigeria’s oil-rich Niger Delta region. The paper is purely a cultural analysis of the practice and not one where an argument is put forth, as it were. As such, it gives detailed attention to the performance of the tradition. It also examines some of the reasons why the practice was held in high esteem. The paper further considers some of the subjects of the songs associated with the ritual, including love, sorrow, education, identity, and the supernatural, among others. Data for the study was gathered through observation and interviews.
Jin Ping Mei: A Story of Guanxi
Authors:   Jinan University, China, Han Ruihui
Published: March 2022

No fiction is without a narrative of human relationships. In Chinese literary history, the stories represented by Jin Ping Mei are especially seen as dealing with human relationships. Some researchers have interpreted Jin Ping Mei from the perspective of human relationships; however, the generic concept cannot describe social connections in Chinese culture. The concept of guanxi, the ubiquitous and quotidian social network in China, better describes the specific human relationships in this fiction. Guanxi as a Chinese cultural phenomenon originating from Confucianism is effective in procuring resources through instrumental and sentimental mechanisms. In Jin Ping Mei, which is centered on Ximen Qing, a guanxi network connects all the characters. Ximen Qing’s fortune is built on guanxi manipulation. Guanxi, however, which was expected to embody Confucian values, violated Confucian principles in the late Ming context. Jin Ping Mei marks a turning point for attitudes toward guanxi in literary representation, and this derogatory attitude persisted in the narrative of fiction throughout the Qing dynasty.
Nursing Queen Archetype in the Context of Changes in Estonian Society: A Retrospective View
Authors:   Tallinn Health Care College, Estonia, Talvik Merle , Tulva Taimi , Ernits Ülle , Puusepp Kristi
Published: March 2022

Florence Nightingale (1820–1910), the founder of modern nursing, had influence on the whole of Europe. Nightingale has become the archetype of the queen of nurses and the latter can be used to understand different nursing cultures. The aim of the research is to analyse the manifestation and development of the nursing queen archetype retrospectively in the context of the history of Estonian nursing. The research method involves studying and interpreting historical photographs, documents, and biographies as well as secondary sources. The historical-cultural context provides a framework for analysing the development of nursing, taking into account Pierre Bourdieu’s theory. Data collection and analysis was conducted between 2019 and 2021. There were four developmental periods in the history of Estonian nursing: beginning in the early eighteenth century, the Republic of Estonia (1918–1940), the Soviet period (1940–1991), and the re-independent Republic of Estonia (since 1991). In periods of rapid change, the leaders (Anna Erma, Anette Massov, Ilve-Teisi Remmel) emerged, who became the equivalents to Nightingale or the queens for Estonian nurses.
Plots of Gothic Origin in Ukrainian Folklore Prose
Authors:   Poltava V.G. Korolenko National Pedagogical University, Ukraine, Rakhno Mykhailo
Published: March 2022

The article deals with plot elements of Gothic origin present in Ukrainian folk legends and other prose works: people and cattle sinking into the earth, and witches’ curses. Those motifs can be traced back to the Migration Period when the Germanic tribes entered the Circum-Pontic region. Despite the significant time lapse, the relics of those times still remain in the European folklore in the form of certain plots or plot elements. A widespread legend about a person punished by God for tilling the earth at Easter is comparable to an accident with some Gothic troops crossing a bridge across the river in Jordanes’s Getica. The beliefs about the reasons of the Gothic empire’s downfall are to some extent similar to those about the Zaporizhian Sich’s demise.
When a Crisis Opens New Academic Perspectives: The New Webinar Series of the SIEF Ritual Year Working Group
Authors:   Institute for Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Sedakova Irina , Stahl Irina ,   Institute of Sociology, Romanian Academy
Published: March 2022

For over 10 years, the academic journal Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore has regularly published news on the activity of The Ritual Year Working Group (RY WG), a group of international scholars with shared interests in ritual activities, customs and festive celebrations throughout the yearly calendric cycle, an affiliate of the International Society of Ethnology and Folklore (SIEF – Société Internationale d’Ethnologie et de Folklore). This includes reviews of the annual WG’s conferences, reviews of panels organised by the WG at important congresses in the field of ethnology and folklore, and releases of new books. In addition, the journal has dedicated several special issues to topics addressed by the various academic meetings of the WG, reuniting studies written by its members (Fournier & Sedakova 2015; Sedakova & Vlaskina 2016, etc.). This article sheds light on the drastic changes that the academic world was recently confronted with during the Covid-19 pandemic, and on how the RY WG met the challenges of this new reality; it shows how a crisis can also open new possibilities.
Strength calculations of the formula 1 car survival cell
Authors:   Military University of Technology, Sambora 11, Bydgoszcz 85-459, Barca Iga
Published: March 2022

The paper presents the results of calculations by the finite element method (FEM) of the monocoque survival cell of a Formula 1 car designed with the use of a sandwich structure in accordance with the Formula 1 Technical Regulations of 2020. The guidelines for the chamber geometry and the necessary certification tests were presented. Proposed solutions in the field of materials for the design of sandwich panels, including cladding made of carbon fiber reinforced laminates and honeycomb cores made of aluminum and titanium. The results of computer simulations were discussed. The analysis of the obtained results of numerical calculations shows that the height of the cell filler has the greatest impact on the strength of the analyzed structure.
A way of supporting the servicing of production machines using reverse engineering and 3d printing techniques
Authors:   Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Organisation and Management. Department of Production Engineering, ul. Roosevelta 26-28, 41-800 Zabrze, Loska Andrzej , Palka Dorota , Bień Alicja , Substelny Katarzyna
Published: March 2022

The use of machines and devices causes their components to wear out, which leads to damage. The easiest and fastest method of repair is to replace this element with a new one. The problem arises when the desired element is not available on the market, technical documentation is unavailable or the costs of acquiring a new element are too high. In such a situation, engineering reconstruction, also known as reverse engineering, is used, which allows for the reconstruction of technical documentation and the production of a new product thanks to additive technology. The article presents the process of reverse engineering and the types of additive manufacturing technology. The aim of the article is to present the possibilities of using the reverse engineering method and 3D printing in the reconstruction of sample machine parts. The work uses the FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) spatial production technology. The relevance of the article is confirmed by the possibility of its practical use in the field of machine servicing support.
Assessment of frictional performance of deep drawing quality steel sheets used in automotive industry
Authors:   Rzeszow University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Department of Manufacturing Processes and Production Engineering, al. Powstańców Warszawy 8, 35-959 Rzeszów, Trzepieciński Tomasz , KAŠČÁK ĽUBOŠ
Published: March 2022

This article presents the results of tribological tests of three grades of deep-drawing quality steel sheets used in the automotive industry. The frictional properties of the sheets were anaysed using a strip drawing test. Friction tests were performed under dry friction and lubrication conditions using machine oil L-AN 46. Additionally, friction tests of pre-strained sheets were also carried out. Cylindrical countersamples with different surface roughness were used. Relationship between the surface roughness, pressure force, lubrication conditions and the value of the friction coefficient were evaluated. It was found that increasing the roughness of the countersamples increased the value of the friction coefficient in both friction conditions analysed. The greater the pressure force, the lower efficiency of lubrication. The effectiveness of reducing the value of the friction coefficient ranged from 20-30% and depended on the pressure force, roughness of the countersamples and the degree of specimen pre-straining.
Transient persistence of bobcat (Lynx rufus) occurrence throughout a human‐dominated landscape
Authors: Mayer Amy E. , McGreevy Thomas J. , Brown Charles , Ganoe Laken S. , Gerber Brian D.
Published: March 2022

Human developments have detrimental effects on wildlife populations globally with carnivores being particularly sensitive. The bobcat (Lynx rufus) is often considered an adaptable mesocarnivore that occurs throughout varied landcover types within its wide distribution and may be less susceptible to the negative effects of development. Our objectives were to investigate the landscape occupancy dynamics of bobcats in a highly developed and densely populated region of the northeastern United States to evaluate the sensitivity of bobcat occurrence to natural and anthropogenic landscape features. We established a large‐scale camera trapping survey throughout Rhode Island, USA, sampling from 2018 to 2020. Using dynamic occupancy models, we found initial site occupancy was positively influenced by the amount of forested wetland habitat, while increasing road density and shrub cover negatively influenced the probability of site colonization. Surprisingly, we found no hypothesized variables to influence site‐level extirpation probability, or any seasonal effects on dynamic parameters. Lastly, we found that forest cover and road density negatively influenced the probability of detection. The probability of occupancy was high, >0.8, throughout much of the study area (49%), but we also found relatively high site transients, with the probability a site would change occurrence status from season to season at ≈0.27 in the majority of the study area (70%). Our results show that although bobcats can persist in human‐dominated landscapes, they require contiguous natural areas to do so. Future expansion of road infrastructure may reduce habitat connectivity and increase road mortalities, thus jeopardizing the population.
Multiple Modes Response of Co‐Aperture 2D/1D Phototransistors
Authors: Liu Changlong , Zhang Xutao , Guo Feng , Zhang Shi , Wang Jian , Yang Lijie , Guo Cheng , Li Guanhai , Xu Zhiwei , Wang Lin , Gan Xuetao , Chen Pingping , Chen Xiaoshuang , Lu Wei
Published: March 2022

Strict requirements for target detection and identification of the complex background have increased because a single detection method is susceptible to environmental factors. The abilities to use terahertz imaging systems with high photoresponsivity and polarization sensitivity are of central importance to practical photodetectors. The present technology for high‐sensitivity, polarization THz detectors integrated into a compact, common aperture (co‐aperture) system remains largely unexplored challenges. By exploiting the inherent features of graphene/Bi2Te3 Dirac material and InAs nanowire, the plasma‐wave and thermoelectric co‐aperture phototransistors with a selective, synchronous, and controllable operating modes are devised in the same field of view, which provide remarkable efficiencies for THz‐light harvesting on‐chip. The achieved selective detection, better than that of single nanowire phototransistor, exhibits excellent sensitivity of 18.5 mA W−1 (12 V W−1) in graphene/Bi2Te3 channel and 3.5 mA W−1 (400 V W−1) in InAs nanowire channel, corresponding to the noise equivalent power of less than 0.1 nW/Hz0.5. The results are exploited to highlight a novel strategy for the realization of efficient co‐aperture phototransistors toward tunable, multiple modes, polarization THz detection by combining with in situ integration advantages of various materials, compatibility mechanisms, integration structures with metamaterials.
General Lossless Polarization and Phase Transformation Using Bilayer Metasurfaces
Authors: Mirzapourbeinekalaye Babak , McClung Andrew , Arbabi Amir
Published: March 2022

Metasurface optical elements enable wavefront control and polarization manipulation with subwavelength resolution. Metasurfaces made of linearly birefringent meta‐atoms such as rectangular nanoposts are commonly used to control phase and polarization, but a single layer of these meta‐atoms cannot implement transformations with elliptically polarized or circularly polarized eigenstates (i.e., chiral transformations). Here, it is shown that two cascaded metasurface layers comprising linearly birefringent meta‐atoms provide sufficiently many degrees of freedom to implement arbitrary unitary phase and polarization transformations. A systematic design method for such metastructures is described and used to design a bifocal metalens that cannot be implemented by a single layer of birefringent meta‐atoms. The presented design and implementation techniques introduce a systematic approach for realizing the most general form of lossless polarization and phase transformations using metasurfaces with high efficiency.
Pneumococcal pneumonia on the job: Uncovering the past story of occupational exposure to metal fumes and dust
Authors: Torén Kjell , Naidoo Rajen N. , Blanc Paul D.
Published: March 2022

The objectives of this study are to elucidate the early history of risk for pneumococcal pneumonia from occupational exposure to metal fumes and dusts, and to demonstrate the importance of searching older literature when performing reviews. We performed manual searching for articles in the Library of the Surgeon General's Office (the precursor to Index Medicus), in the Hathi Trust database, in PubMed, andby screening reference lists in literature appearing before the introduction of PubMed. An early body of literature, from the 1890s onward, recognized that pneumonia was linked to “Thomas slag,” a steel industry byproduct containing iron, manganese, and lime. Researchers, mainly in Germany, showed that workers in metal‐dust‐exposed occupations, especially using manganese, manifested an increased incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia. An outbreak of pneumococcal pneumonia in the 1930s implicated manganese fume in its etiology. In the immediate post‐World War II period, there was a brief flurry of interest in pneumonia from exposure to potassium permanganate that was soon dismissed as a chemical pneumonitis. After a hiatus of two decades, epidemiologic investigations drew attention to the pneumonia risks of welding and related metal fume exposure, bringing renewed interest to the forgotten role of pneumococcal pneumonia as an occupational disease. Occupational or environmental inhalation of manganese, iron, or irritants may be causally related to increased pneumococcal pneumonia risk. In particular, the risk associated with manganese seems to be overlooked in recent literature. An important conclusion is the importance of obtaining additional evidence through a deeper assessment of the literature in a broad historical context.
Tuning an Imine Reductase for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Azacycloalkylamines by Concise Structure‐Guided Engineering
Authors: Zhang Jun , Liao Daohong , Chen Rongchang , Zhu Fangfang , Ma Yaqing , Gao Lei , Qu Ge , Cui Chengsen , Sun Zhoutong , Lei Xiaoguang , Gao Shu‐Shan
Published: March 2022

Although imine reductases (IREDs) are emerging as attractive reductive aminases (RedAms), their substrate scope is still narrow, and rational engineering is rare. Focusing on hydrogen bond reorganization and cavity expansion, a concise strategy combining rational cavity design, combinatorial active‐site saturation test (CAST), and thermostability engineering was designed, that transformed the weakly active IR‐G36 into a variant M5 with superior performance for the synthesis of (R)‐3‐benzylamino‐1‐Boc‐piperidine, with a 4193‐fold improvement in catalytic efficiency, a 16.2 °C improvement in Tm, and a significant increase in the e.e. value from 78 % (R) to >99 % (R). M5 exhibits broad substrate scope for the synthesis of diverse azacycloalkylamines, and the reaction was demonstrated on a hectogram‐scale under industrially relevant conditions. Our study provides a compelling example of the preparation of versatile and efficient IREDs, with exciting opportunities in medicinal and process chemistry as well as synthetic biology.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent Synthesis of 1,3‐Dienyl and Allyl Esters from Propargyl Esters
Authors: Dai Mengfu , Sun Zhimin , Chen Liang‐An
Published: March 2022

Catalyst‐controlled regiodivergent catalysis is a vital chemical tool that allows efficient access to large collections of structurally diverse molecules from a common precursor but remains a challenge. We report a catalyst‐controlled, tunable, and predictable regiodivergency in transforming the internal aliphatic propargyl esters into diverse libraries of highly substituted 1,3‐dienyl and allyl products by Pd‐catalysis. Depending on the ligand employed, the palladium catalyst can involve two typical approaches: electrophilic palladium catalysis and a sequential oxidative addition–reductive elimination pathway. This regiodivergent protocol endows facile access to four regioisomers with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity from the common propargyl esters. In terms of synthetic utility, a notable feature of this protocol is amenable to structural diversification of bioactive relevant molecules, enabling rapid assembly of many useful structural analogs of pharmaceutical candidates.
Application of microencapsulation technology in silk fibers
Authors: Xiao Zuobing , Liu Huiqin , Zhao Qixuan , Niu Yunwei , Chen Ziqian , Zhao Di
Published: March 2022

Silk, a natural protein fiber, is top‐rated with people as skin‐friendly clothing for centuries. However, silk fiber (SF) still has disadvantages such as photo‐induced aging and yellowing and wrinkling. Higher value, as well as novel and unique functions, are added according to the application of microencapsulation in the functional finishing of SF. By using microencapsulation technology, finishing agents, special functional materials, and so forth, can be encapsulated in polymer film‐forming materials to form microcapsule finishing agents. Since the properties of the coated materials will not change after the formation of microcapsules, the functional materials can be protected. Only during processing or use, under the external environment such as pressure, friction, and temperature, can the microcapsules be ruptured or released through the diffusion effect of the microcapsule wall to achieve good and desired effects. In this review, recent developments in microencapsulation technology in the application of SFs are highlighted. First, the basic principle and technology of microencapsulation are introduced. Subsequently, adhesion between microcapsules and SFs are described. Finally, the application and effect of microencapsulation technology in SFs are summarized. In addition, the potential challenges and future prospects of microencapsulation technology in natural SFs are discussed.
Low‐energy Hemiacetal Dehydrogenation Pathway: Co‐production of Gluconic Acid and Green Hydrogen via Glucose Dehydrogenation
Authors: Liu Jiaxin , Li Chuang , Niu Hongyu , Wang Di , Xin Cuncun , Liang Changhai
Published: March 2022

Exploring low‐energy reaction pathway of catalytic biomass conversion can lead to wider application and the achievement of sustainability objectives. Since glucose dehydrogenation to gluconic acid and H2 is a cost‐effective alternative to glucose oxidation, this study aims to elucidate its mechanism. The detection of lactone as an intermediate indicates that cyclic glucose reacts directly via its hemiacetal group–ring opening is not involved; that is, cyclic glucose is dehydrogenated to lactone, which is further hydrolyzed to gluconic acid. The source of hydrogen is confirmed to be from glucose and water by Isotope tracing analysis. Density function theory calculations demonstrate that Hemiacetal Dehydrogenation Pathway (this work) is less energy intensive than Ring‐opening Oxidation Pathway (previous works). This study provides a new dehydrogenation strategy to produce gluconic acid and H2 from biomass under mild conditions.
Strategies to Improve the Potency of Oxazolidinones towards Bacterial Biofilms
Authors: Ndukwe Audrey R. N. , Wiedbrauk Sandra , Boase Nathan R. B. , Fairfull‐Smith Kathryn E.
Published: March 2022

Biofilms are part of the natural lifecycle of bacteria and are known to cause chronic infections that are difficult to treat. Most antibiotics are developed and tested against bacteria in the planktonic state and are ineffective against bacterial biofilms. The oxazolidinones, including the last resort drug linezolid, are one of the main classes of synthetic antibiotics progressed to clinical use in the last 50 years. They have a unique mechanism of action and only develop low levels of resistance in the clinical setting. With the aim of providing insight into strategies to design more potent antibiotic compounds with activity against bacterial biofilms, we review the biofilm activity of clinically approved oxazolidinones and report on structural modifications to oxazolidinones and their delivery systems which lead to enhanced anti‐biofilm activity.
3,4,5‐Trihydroxypiperidine Based Multivalent Glucocerebrosidase (GCase) Enhancers
Authors: Vanni Costanza , Clemente Francesca , Paoli Paolo , Morrone Amelia , Matassini Camilla , Goti Andrea , Cardona Francesca
Published: March 2022

The synthesis of five new multivalent derivatives of a trihydroxypiperidine iminosugar was accomplished through copper catalyzed alkyne‐azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction of an azido ending piperidine and several propargylated scaffolds. The resulting multivalent architectures were assayed as inhibitors of lysosomal GCase, the defective enzyme in Gaucher disease. The multivalent compounds resulted in much more potent inhibitors than a parent monovalent reference compound, thus showing a good multivalent effect. Biological investigation of these compounds as pharmacological chaperones revealed that the trivalent derivative (12) gives a 2‐fold recovery of the GCase activity on Gaucher patient fibroblasts bearing the L444P/L444P mutations responsible for neuropathies. Additionally, a thermal denaturation experiment showed its ability to impart stability to the recombinant enzyme used in therapy.
Metal 3D Printed Nickel‐Based Self‐Catalytic Reactor for COx Methanation
Authors: Wang Chengwei , Peng Xiaobo , He Yingluo , Fan Jiaqi , Lin Xingyi , Jiang Lilong , Tsubaki Noritatsu
Published: March 2022

3D printing technology can rapidly transform digital model into physical realization, and has been widely studied in many fields. However, its developments are very slow in the fields of catalysis and reaction engineering, due to harsh application environments. Here, we report that metal 3D printing is used to prepare Nickel‐based Self‐Catalytic Reactor (Ni‐SCR) for COx methanation. The optimized Ni‐SCR samples exhibit unique surface properties. The catalytic results reveal that they also possess premium methanation performance. This work will facilitate the developments both in 3D printing technologies and novel catalytic systems.
Formation of an Azaruthenacyclopentadiene Skeleton via Ammonia Activation by an Electron‐Deficient Ru3 Cluster
Authors: Takao Toshiro , Takahashi Yuta , Kai Masataka
Published: March 2022

A dicationic triruthenium complex containing a μ3‐η3‐C3 ring, [(Cp*Ru)3(μ3‐η3‐C3MeH2−)(μ3‐CH)(μ‐H)]2+ (1 a, Cp*=η5‐C5Me5), reacted with ammonia to yield a μ‐amido complex, [(Cp*Ru)3(μ3‐η3‐CHCMeCH) (μ3‐CH)(μ‐NH2)]2+ (5), via N−H bond scission. Subsequent treatment with base resulted in C−N bond formation to yield a μ3‐η2:η2‐1‐azabutadien‐4‐yl complex, [(Cp*Ru)3(μ3‐CH)(μ3‐η2:η2‐NH=CH−CMe=CH−)]+ (6 a). The azaruthenacyclopentadiene skeleton was alternatively synthesized by the photolysis of mono‐cationic complex [(Cp*Ru)3(μ3‐η3‐C3RH2−)(μ3‐CH)]+ (2 a; R=Me, 2 b; R=H) in the presence of ammonia. The C3 ring skeleton was broken via the electron transfer to the π*(C−C) orbital in the C3 ring, and a transiently generated unsaturated μ3‐allylic species can take up ammonia, resulting in N−H bond scission followed by C−N bond formation.