bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DICOM: A Revolution in Facet of Maxillofacial Imaging
Authors: Paul Samadrita , Pachipulusu Balaji , Kumar TS MAHESH , Chandra Poornima
Published: January 2024

Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) is a paradigm that enables interoperability between health-related digital applications, imaging devices, and Picture Archiving and Communications Systems (PACS). DICOM has its foundation in the USA, established by the American College of Radiology (ACR) and the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) in 1983 with the objective of establishing a “gold standard” for monitor and print-copy devices. In 1996, the American Dental Association (ADA) became a member of DICOM, followed by the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and the American Association of Orthodontics. A working committee specifically for dentistry (WG-22) was initiated in 2003, and in 2005, it was finally adopted as an international standard. Currently, it is internationally recognised as the standard configuration for compatibility between dental radiological images and various scanners and digital X-ray devices. DICOM synchronises network communication and facilitates the exchange of patient data through a transmission protocol. The purpose of the present paper is to emphasise the reliance of digital dentistry on DICOM and its relationship with Three-Dimensional (3D) printing.
Perception of Faculty Regarding Competency-based Medical Education: A Qualitative Study from Mizoram, India
Authors: Anusuya Ganesh Shanmugasundaram , Yograj Sabita , Patki Manoj Balaji , Kumar Ajay
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Competency-based Medical Education (CBME) has been implemented in India for undergraduate medical students since 2019. Understanding faculty perceptions regarding CBME will help identify barriers and suggestions for its better implementation. However, there have been limited studies conducted on this aspect in Northeast India. Aim: To examine the perception of teaching faculties at Zoram Medical College in Mizoram, India, regarding CBME. Additionally, it aims to identify barriers and suggestions for the improved implementation of CBME in the medical college through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Materials and Methods: A qualitative study was conducted at Department of Community Medicine, Zoram Medical College, Falkawn, Mizoram, India, involving FGDs with teaching faculties from May 2021 to April 2022. A total of 11 main FGDs were conducted with 36 faculty members. Each FGD involved a minimum of three participants and a maximum of six participants. The FGDs were recorded using mobile phones, and the audio recordings were transcribed verbatim. Themes were identified and entered into an Excel sheet for analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test/Fisher’s-exact test. Results: The study included faculty members with a mean age of 41.06±7.24 years (range: 31 to 69). The majority of the study population (58.33%) were females, and 20 (55.56%) were Assistant Professors. Small group teaching was reported to be followed by 29 (80.56%) participants, while 32 (88.89%) followed both summative and formative assessment. All faculty members (100%) expressed the need for refresher courses for those who have already undergone training programs. Awareness regarding changes in marks allotment was only 69.44%. The major challenges reported included a shortage of faculty (50%), difficulties in implementing integration (36.1%), competency-related challenges (30.5%), and infrastructurerelated challenges (19.4%). Suggestions for improvement included increasing the number of faculties (97.2%), providing more training and workshops (52.7%), and ensuring uniformity in implementation by the National Medical Council (NMC) (36.1%). Conclusion: The faculty members perceived that CBME can be effectively implemented by increasing the number of faculties, providing frequent training, and ensuring uniformity in implementation across all medical colleges in India.
Successful Management of Metastatic Lymph Nodes in the Chest by Laser Ablation via Endoscopic Ultrasound: A Case Report
Authors: Bhalla Rusy , Sheth Keyur , Gupta Ravi
Published: January 2024

Isolated spread of metastatic breast carcinoma to mediastinal lymph nodes is not an uncommon phenomenon. The prognosis worsens with the advent of any metastases in the chest. Conventional treatment mandates chemotherapy or radiotherapy as a control measures. Laser treatment has helped many patients with inaccessible or inoperable tumours, as it works on devascularisation and can benefit both benign and malignant tumours. This is a case report of a patient who did not respond to Trastuzumab and T-DM1 (Trastuzumab with Emtansine). She developed mediastinal lymph nodes during treatment with TDM1. Additionally, she had a documented change in hormonal status from Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor-2 (HER2) positive to negative. She underwent laser ablation of mediastinal lymph nodes around the trachea. A Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan after six months showed a total resolution of the lymph nodes with no significant uptake in the chest or any other part of the body. Laser ablation of mediastinal lymph nodes is a very skillful and demanding procedure that can be attempted in refractory and isolated cases where chemotherapy and radiation have failed. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term results of this new procedure.
Bacteriological Profile and Antibiogram of Aerobic Blood Culture Isolates among Suspected Blood Stream Infections: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ningthoujam Daniel , Chongtham Urvashi , Singh Rajkumar Manojkumar , Mangsatabam Nancy , Huidrom Smeeta , Rothangpui . , Niangneihching Tombing
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Bloodstream Infections (BSIs) are important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Blood culture is the most important diagnostic tool for BSI. The epidemiology and outcome of BSI are constantly changing due to increasing antimicrobial resistance, changing patterns of antibiotic drug usage, and the increased use of transient or permanent medical devices. Thus, regular monitoring of the bacterial aetiology of BSI and their antibiograms is necessary. Aim: To determine the bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility patterns among suspected BSI patients. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences (JNIMS), Imphal, Manipur, India, from September 2018 to August 2020. A total of 481 suspected BSI patients were included in the study. The blood culture samples were collected under aseptic conditions and cultured for seven days. The isolates were identified using conventional biochemical tests, and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and the epsilometer test (E-test). Methicillin resistance among the staphylococcal isolates was detected using the cefoxitin disk diffusion method. Data analysis was performed using EpiInfoTM version 7.0, and the Chi-square test was used as a statistical test. Results: A total of 150 (31.2%) blood samples were culture positive out of the 481 samples processed from suspected BSI patients. The predominant isolates were gram-positive, accounting for 113/150 (75.3%), while gram-negatives accounted for 37/150 (24.7%). Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) were the primary pathogens isolated. Methicillin resistance was detected in 59 (54.6%) of the staphylococcal isolates {52 (54.7%) were Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and out of the 13 CoNS isolates, 7 (53.9%) were Methicillin Resistant CoNS (MRCoNS)}. The most susceptible drugs for gram-positives were vancomycin and linezolid, while aminoglycosides and imipenem were the most susceptible drugs for gram-negatives. Conclusion: The study highlighted the prevalence and pattern of aerobic bacterial isolates in BSI cases at JNIMS Hospital, as well as, the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates. Regular epidemiological studies of BSIs, regarding the pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns, are necessary to guide clinicians in choosing appropriate empirical therapy and to update the hospital antibiotic policy from time to time. This promotes rational antibiotic use and reduces resistance among bacteria.
Growth and Yield Response of Maize (Zea mays L.) to Integrated Nutrient Management of Biochar, Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers
Authors: Essilfie Margaret Esi , Appiah Emmanuel , Asiedu Emmanuel Kwasi , Owusu Samuel Ebo
Published: January 2024

Aims: Maize yield is largely influenced by integrated nutrient management of biochar, organic and inorganic fertilizers application. In view of this, field study to evaluate varying rates of chicken manure (CM), Gliricidia sepium biochar (GB) and NPK fertiliser on growth and yield of maize was carried out.

Study Design:  The study design was a 2 x 6 factorial arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications.

Place and Duration of Study: The field study was carried out at Mampong- Ashanti in the Forest-Savannah transition zone of Ghana over 2 years in 2021 minor and 2022 major cropping seasons.

Methodology: The study treatments were different rates of amendments using biochar, chicken manure and NPK (15-15-15) fertiliser; [10 t ha-1 CM, 300 kg ha-1 NPK, 2.5 t ha-1 GB, 150 kg ha-1 NPK + 1.25 t ha-1 GB, 1.25 t ha-1 GB + 5 t ha-1 CM and No fertiliser (Control)] which were applied to two maize varieties (Omankwa and Obatanpa). Physiological growth parameters (crop growth rate and relative growth rate) were determined. Vegetative growth parameter (leaf count) as well as yield and yield traits (number of lodged plants per plot, husked cob weight per plot, number of filled and unfilled cobs per plot and grain yield) were estimated.

Results: The results revealed that the application of 10 t ha-1 chicken manure and 1.25 t ha-1 GB + 5 t ha-1 CM to Omankwa and Obatanpa maize outperformed in crop growth rate (RGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and leaf count compared to the unamended plots in both seasons. Omankwa had significantly higher filled cobs per plot than Obatanpa across seasons. The interaction of Omankwa and 10 t ha-1 CM and 1.25 t ha-1 GB + 5 t ha-1 CM gave higher number of filled cobs per plot than Obatanpa on same although not significantly different in both cropping seasons. The grain yield of maize was enhanced by soil amendments in the major and minor cropping seasons, especially with interaction of Obatanpa and 10 t ha-1 CM (7474.0 kg ha-1), (3473.4 kg ha-1) respectively. Obatanpa x 1.25 t ha-1 GB + 5 t ha-1 CM (6802.1 kg ha-1) interaction followed closely in grain yield in the major season.

Conclusion: Both biochar, organic and inorganic fertilizers have varying effects on growth and yield of different maize varieties. For optimize maize grain yield, 10 t ha-1 CM or 1.25 t ha-1 GB + 5 t ha-1 CM application is recommended.
Measurement of Model Business Environment, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Innovation Capability: Confirmatory Factor Analysis Approach
Authors: Rokhman M. Taufiq Noor , Ratnawati
Published: January 2024

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in the Indonesian economy and are regarded to have the potential to reduce poverty by creating employment opportunities. Malang City predominantly relies on micro, small, and medium-scale economic activities, particularly Batik MSMEs, which are crucial in supporting the tourism sector. The term commonly used to refer to Malang Batik is "Malangan" Batik. This research aims to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis to examine the measuring model of the business environment, entrepreneurial orientation, and innovation capacity. A total of 100 batik micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Malang City were selected as the sample for this research. The data analysis was conducted using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) methodologies. According to the results of the confirmatory factor analysis, it was determined that the customer indicator had the most significant impact on shaping business environment variables. Risk-taking is regarded as the primary factor that significantly influences the formation of the entrepreneurial orientation characteristic. Marketing innovation is the most reliable sign of developing innovation capabilities. Malang City's Batik MSME companies are actively engaging in collaboration with suppliers, demonstrating a proactive approach in seeking market prospects and promoting new goods in untapped areas. Additionally, there is a need to enhance technological innovation.
A Comprehensive Review on Diversity of Predaceous Coccinellid Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Teja Katta Subramanya Sai , Nidheesh T. D.  , Tiwari Awanindra Kumar , Nayak Tekchand , Khan Anam , Yadav Abhishek , Anto Rashwin A.  , Sahu Prince , Kumar Arun
Published: January 2024

This review delves into the pivotal role of coccinellid beetles, commonly known as ladybird beetles, in biological pest control and their significance in maintaining ecological balance. The successful introduction of the vedalia ladybird in 1888 to control the cottony cushion scale in California stands as a landmark in biological pest control, prompting numerous global attempts to employ predaceous ladybird beetles for aphid control. Predaceous ladybird beetles have gained attention for their ability to feed on a diverse range of prey, emphasizing the need for comprehensive biodiversity information in new areas. Coccinellids, with approximately 6,000 species globally, inhabit various environments contributing significantly to pest management. The Indian subcontinent, with its rich coccinellid diversity explored through catalogues and surveys with highlighting the ecological balance they maintain and the potential for sustainable pest management practices.
First Report of Tetragonula calophyllae Shanas & Faseeh 2019 (Apidae: Apinae: Meliponini) from Goa State, India
Authors: Krishna Arya , Anitha N.  , Santhosh Kumar T.  , Alex Swapna , Pratheesh P. G.  , Shanas S.
Published: January 2024

The occurrence of Tetragonula calophyllae Shanas & Faseeh 2019, in Goa state, India, is reported for the first time. Morphometric comparison between T. calophyllae workers from Goa and Type series are provided along with comments on the external nest entrance. The need for developing baseline database on species distribution is stressed for developing policies for conservation planning and climate adaptation strategies for future.
Effect of Varied Doses of Ascorbic Acid in Burn Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Nwosu A. D. G. , Ossai E. N. , Ahaotu F. N. , Nwachukwu O. P.
Published: January 2024

Background: Free radical-mediated systemic response with fluid and protein leakage from increased capillary permeability is a common feature of oxidative stress in major burn. This work sought to use quantitative urinary protein estimation and serum malondialdehyde to assess the antioxidant efficacy of varied doses of ascorbic acid in burn patients.

Materials and Methods: In this double-blind, randomized, controlled prospective study consecutive patients with major burn trauma presenting within 48 hours of the incident at the regional burn centre of National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu were recruited. Each burn patient in the treatment group received intravenous ascorbic acid, 2mg/kg/hour or 8mg/kg/hour over 24 hours in lactated Ringers resuscitation fluid. Each patient in the placebo group received 120 mls of Normal saline, in lactated Ringers resuscitation fluid. Oxidative stress status was determined in each patient by quantitative determination of the urinary protein concentration and serum malondialdehyde.  Differences were considered significant when P< 0.05.

Results: Twenty-nine out of the forty-eight recruited burn patients had complete data for analysis. The mean age of these patients was 34.6±16.6 years, with mean percentage ‘Total Burn Surface Area’ of 43.7±18.5. Mean decrease in serum malondialdehyde was highest for patients on 8mg/kg/hour of ascorbic acid and the difference was found to be statistically significant, (P<0.001). Similarly, the mean decrease in urinary protein was highest for patients in the 8mg/kg/hour of ascorbic acid group and least for those in the placebo group, (P=0.013). There was no statistically significant correlation between the serum malondialdehyde or urinary protein concentration at presentation and the burns surface area or the patient’s age.

Conclusion: Ascorbic acid at a dose of 8mg/kg/hour over 24 hours was superior to 2mg/kg/hour and placebo, in reducing oxidative stress indicators in patients with major burn.
Phytochemical Investigation and Toxicological Insights of Cassia sieberiana Leaf Extract: Implications for Medicinal use
Authors: Enenche Anyebe David , Uzoeto Henrietta O. , Difa Collins Audu , Samuel Cosmas
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Cassia sieberiana, a member of the Fabaceae family, has a rich history of traditional medicinal uses. This study focuses on exploring the medicinal potential of the methanol extract from Cassia sieberiana leaves. The research aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of bioactive compounds and assess acute toxicity through LD50 determination.

Methods: Fresh leaves were collected from Opi town, Nsukka, Nigeria, and authenticated. Male Wister albino rats were acclimatized, and phytochemical screening was performed using qualitative and quantitative methods. LD50 determination followed internationally recognized protocols, employing mice models.

Results: The methanol extract exhibited a yield of 11.2%. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of proteins, carbohydrates, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, reducing sugars, terpenoids, and quinones. Alkaloids were predominant (1770.8±74.43 mg/100g). LD50 determination showed 100% survival at 5000 mg/kg, indicating relative safety.

Discussion: The high yield suggests methanol as an effective solvent. Phytochemical composition aligns with traditional uses, and the prevalence of alkaloids supports reported medicinal applications. Low phenolic content suggests antioxidant effects, while flavonoids may contribute to anti-inflammatory properties. Saponins and tannins indicate potential for antimicrobial and purgative use. The study affirms the safety of the methanol leaf extract.

Conclusion: The study provides valuable insights into the medicinal potential of Cassia sieberiana. The significant alkaloid content, diverse bioactive compounds and demonstrated safety in LD50 determination support its traditional uses. These findings lay a robust foundation for further exploration of Cassia sieberiana in drug development and healthcare applications.
Restabilization of recycled, CaCO3‐filled polypropylene: Assessment of reprocessing induced modifications and processing stabilizer effectiveness
Authors: Tsenoglou C. J. , Kartalis C. N. , Papaspyrides C. D. , Pfaendner R.
Published: October 2002

Postconsumer recycled polypropylene, filled with 15% CaCO3 was restabilized at various degrees utilizing different processing stabilizers, one of which is especially prepared to counter the deactivating effects of fillers and other moieties. The polymer was then subjected to multiple extrusion cycles for the purpose of studying the effects of the extent and temperature of reprocessing on its chemical stability. The relative effectiveness of the various restabilization recipes used was also examined. The process‐induced material degradation is primarily due to chain scission, which causes an average molecular weight reduction; its progression was monitored by measuring the decrease in viscosity. It is determined that degradation increases linearly with the extent of reprocessing while its activation energy is roughly equal to 30 kJ/mol. A simple model is built and used to quantitatively evaluate the potency of each additive used; it presumes that the protection of each individual stabilizer may be explicitly factored out in a product expression. These results suggest useful ways of optimizing stabilization according to the particular processing and product requirements. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 21: 260–267, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.10026
Respiratory cancer and exposure to man‐made vitreous fibers: A systematic review
Authors: Berrigan David
Published: October 2002

Background

Man‐made vitreous fibers (MMVF's) have some structural features similar to those found in asbestos. This has lead to concern that exposure to MMVF's could increase the risk of respiratory cancer.

Methods

Bibliographic resources were used to identify 10 case‐control and 10 cohort studies, which analyzed the relationship between exposure to MMVF's and cancer of the respiratory system. Standardized mortality ratio's (SMR's) were extracted from the cohort studies for a meta‐analysis.

Results

A significant increase in SMR was observed for workers exposed to rock and glass wool, but not in workers exposed to glass filament. Meta‐analysis of SMR's after stratification by fiber type resulted in aggregate estimates of risk of 1.23 (95% CI = 1.10–1.38), 1.08 (95% CI = 0.93–1.26), and 1.32 (95% CI = 1.15–1.52) for exposure to glass wool, glass filament, and rock wool, respectively. Some or all of the increased mortality could be attributed to tobacco use.

Conclusions

The results highlight the difficulty of assessing small increases in risk of respiratory cancer potentially caused by occupational exposure in populations with high prevalence of tobacco use. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42:354–362, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuroimaging fails to identify asymptomatic carriers of familial porencephaly
Authors: Vilain C. , Van Regemorter N. , Verloes A. , David P. , Van Bogaert P.
Published: October 2002

Familial porencephaly is a rare condition usually transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete penetrance. We describe a new family in which six members across four generations had congenital hemiplegia. Cerebral imaging was performed in three patients and showed porencephaly in all cases. In order to provide effective genetic counseling, three asymptomatic carriers were investigated by cerebral computerized tomography (three patients) and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (one patient). These investigations failed to show any congenital abnormalities. We conclude that cerebral imaging is unreliable to detect obligate carriers of familial porencephaly. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of Notch receptor expression in the developing mammalian heart and liver
Authors: Loomes Kathleen M. , Taichman Darren B. , Glover Curtis L. , Williams Patrick T. , Markowitz Jonathan E. , Piccoli David A. , Baldwin H. Scott , Oakey Rebecca J.
Published: October 2002

Alagille syndrome (AGS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by bile duct paucity along with cardiovascular, skeletal, and ophthalmologic defects. The identification of JAG1 as the AGS disease gene revealed the crucial role of the Notch signaling pathway in the development of multiple organ systems in humans. Patients with identical mutations in JAG1 demonstrate extreme clinical variability, suggesting that other factors may influence the severity of the developmental defects in this disorder. We have defined the temporal and spatial expression patterns of the Notch receptor genes in the developing mammalian heart and liver in order to identify potential ligand/receptor interactions during embryogenesis. In the developing heart, both Notch1 and Notch2 are expressed in the outflow tracts and the epicardium, in specific cell populations previously shown to express JAG1. These cells are destined to undergo epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transformation. In the newborn mouse liver, Notch2 and Notch3 are expressed in opposing cell populations, suggesting they play different roles in cell fate determination during bile duct development. JAG1 is also expressed in cells adjacent to those expressing Notch2, suggesting a possible ligand receptor relationship. The Notch receptors have distinct roles in cell fate determination in different organ systems. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complex karyotypic abnormality in ovarian fibroma associated with Gorlin syndrome
Authors: Smith Lynn M. , Hu Ping , Meyer Larry J. , Coffin Cheryl M.
Published: October 2002

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma (NBCC) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by distinctive congenital malformations and a variety of benign and malignant neoplasms, including ovarian fibromas. We describe pathologic and cytogenetic findings in a large unilateral ovarian fibroma from a 12‐year‐old female with NBCC syndrome. The pathologic findings were characteristic for ovarian fibroma, but were unusual for the ovarian fibromas associated with NBCC syndrome because of the absence of calcification, the lack of bilaterality, and the presence of focal hypercellularity. The karyotype of tumor tissue showed complex numerical and structural abnormalities. Although there is frequent loss of heterozygosity of 9q22.3 and mutations in the PTCHgene in Gorlin syndrome, the ovarian fibroma in this case did not have cytogenetically detectable abnormalities of chromosome 9. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reevaluation of a genetic model for the development of exostosis in hereditary multiple exostosis
Authors: Hall Catherine R. , Cole William G. , Haynes Richard , Hecht Jacqueline T.
Published: October 2002

EXT1 and EXT2 are genes that have been shown to cause hereditary multiple exostosis (HME), a syndrome marked by the formation of bony growths juxtaposed to the growth plate. These genes are members of a growing family of proteins with glycosyltransferase activity required for the synthesis of heparan sulfate chains. This protein activity is predicted to play a role in the expression of proteoglycans on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. We and others have previously suggested that a two‐hit mutational model applies to the development of an exostosis where a germline mutation coupled with a somatic mutation results in the loss of EXT1 or EXT2 function and subsequent tumor formation. We report the direct sequencing and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis of 12 exostoses from 10 HME families, 4 solitary exostoses, and their corresponding constitutional DNA. Of the 16 exostoses screened, we find only one solitary case in which two somatic mutations, a deletion and an LOH, are present. This provides limited support for the two‐hit hypothesis involving the EXT1 and EXT2 genes for the development of an exostosis. Alternative models are developed based on the functional significance of EXT proteins in heparan sulfate biosynthesis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Jagged1 gene mutation for abdominal coarctation of the aorta in Alagille syndrome
Authors: Raas‐Rothschild Annick , Shteyer Eyal , Lerer Israela , Nir Amiram , Granot Esther , Rein Azaria J.J.T.
Published: October 2002

Congenital cardiac defects such as peripheral pulmonary stenosis are well described in Alagille syndrome (AGS), which is transmitted in an autosomal dominant inheritance. Haploinsufficiency of the Jagged1 (JAG1) gene has been shown to cause AGS. Abdominal coarctation is an uncommon vascular congenital anomaly which has been described only three times in AGS. Recently, expression of the Jagged1 gene has been found in the developing heart and in multiple associated vascular structures, including the descending aorta. Mutation analysis of the Jagged1 gene in this fourth reported patient with coarctation of the abdominal aorta in AGS and right subclavian stenosis identified a mutation deletion (1485 Del CT). This agrees with the Jagged1 expression studies and suggests that coarctation of aorta may be a component of AGS. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three novel DNMT3B mutations in Japanese patients with ICF syndrome
Authors: Shirohzu Hisao , Kubota Takeo , Kumazawa Azumi , Sado Takashi , Chijiwa Takahito , Inagaki Kouichi , Suetake Isao , Tajima Shoji , Wakui Keiko , Miki Yuko , Hayashi Masatoshi , Fukushima Yoshimitsu , Sasaki Hiroyuki
Published: October 2002

ICF syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by immunodeficiency, centromeric instability, and facial anomalies. It is caused by mutations in a de novo DNA methyltransferase gene, DNMT3B. We here report the first three Japanese cases of ICF syndrome from two unrelated families. All patients had typical facial dysmorphism and immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency, but none of them had apparent mental retardation. Cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes showed chromosomal abnormalities, including multiradial configurations and a stretching of the pericentromeric heterochromatin of chromosomes 1 and 16. Hypomethylation of classical satellite 2 DNA was also observed. Mutation analyses of DNMT3B revealed three novel mutations: patient 1 from the first family was a compound heterozygote for a nonsense mutation (Q42Term) and a missense mutation (R832Q); patients 2 and 3 from the second family were both homozygous for a missense mutation (S282P). The R832Q mutation occurred within the conserved methyltransferase domain, and thus may affect the enzyme activity directly. The S282P mutation, on the other hand, occurred close to the PWWP domain, which is presumably involved in protein‐protein interaction. This is the first missense mutation mapped to the N‐terminal half of the protein, suggesting that the region plays an important role in the regulation of the DNMT3B enzyme. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
20‐Mb duplication of chromosome 9p in a girl with minimal physical findings and normal IQ: Narrowing of the 9p duplication critical region to 6 Mb
Authors: Bonaglia Maria Clara , Giorda Roberto , Carrozzo Romeo , Roncoroni Maria Elena , Grasso Rita , Borgatti Renato , Zuffardi Orsetta
Published: October 2002

We studied the case of a girl with a partial 9p duplication, dup(9)(p22.1 → p13.1). Molecular cytogenetics studies defined the chromosome 9 rearrangement as a direct duplication of 20 Mb from D9S1213 to D9S52. Microsatellite analysis demonstrated the presence of a double dosage of the paternal alleles and demonstrated that the duplication occurred between sister chromatids. The patient's phenotype was almost normal, with a few minor anomalies (dolichocephaly, crowded teeth, high arched palate) and normal IQ. The breakpoint's location in this patient and previously reported cases suggest that the critical region for the 9p duplication syndrome lies within a 6‐Mb portion of chromosome 9p22 between markers D9S267 and D9S1213. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence for imprinting on chromosome 16: The effect of uniparental disomy on the outcome of mosaic trisomy 16 pregnancies
Authors: Yong P.J. , Marion S.A. , Barrett I.J. , Kalousek D.K. , Robinson W.P.
Published: October 2002

Although a number of infants with maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 16 (upd(16)mat) have been reported, the evidence for imprinting on chromosome 16 is not yet conclusive. To test the hypothesis that upd(16)mat has a distinct phenotype, which would support the existence of imprinted gene(s) on chromosome 16, statistical analysis was performed on a large series (n = 83) of mosaic trisomy 16 cases with molecular determination of uniparental disomy status. The incidence of upd(16)mat was 40%, which is consistent with the expected one third from random chromosome loss during trisomy rescue (P = 0.262). In pairwise comparisons, upd(16)mat was found to be associated with fetal growth restriction (P = 0.029) and with increased risk of major malformation (RR = 1.43; P = 0.053). Regression modeling showed that the effect of upd(16)mat on fetal/neonatal weight and malformation is independent of the degree of trisomy detected in the fetus. Regression modeling to control for the degree of trisomy detected in the placenta was not possible due to limited sample size. We conclude that upd(16)mat is associated with more severe growth restriction, and possibly, with higher risk of malformation. Our hypothesis is that imprinted gene(s) exist on chromosome 16 and that abnormal expression of these gene(s) in upd(16)mat cells during development results in decreased cell proliferation. Although we do not advocate prenatal testing for upd(16), studies on the long‐term outcome of upd(16)mat neonates is necessary for counseling purposes. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temporal trends in femoral curvature and length in medieval and modern Scotland
Authors: Bruns Wolfgang , Bruce Margaret , Prescott Gordon , Maffulli Nicola
Published: October 2002

We measured how much the radius of the anterior curvature and the length of the femoral shaft of cadaveric bones have changed from medieval to recent times. Around 20 (x, y) coordinates of a virtual coordinate system were measured at intervals of 1.5 cm along the shaft of the femur to calculate one single radius of a virtual circle in the (x, y) plane. The median radii of curvature were 119, 141, and 158 cm for medieval, early, and late 20th century femora, respectively. Early and late 20th century femora were of similar length (45 cm), but medieval femora were shorter (43.5 cm). Femora have become not only longer but also straighter since the Middle Ages. These findings account in part for the increase in height of modern generations. Size and shape changes may have significant implications for the biomechanical response of the femur to the forces to which it is subjected in everyday life, in trauma, and following surgical intervention. Am J Phys Anthropol 119:224–230, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymorphisms of CYP1a1, CYP2e1, GSTM1, GSTT1, and TP53 genes in Amerindians
Authors: Gaspar Pedro A. , Hutz Mara H. , Salzano Francisco M. , Hill Kim , Hurtado A. Magdalena , Petzl‐Erler M. Luiza , Tsuneto Luiza T. , Weimer Tania A.
Published: October 2002

Polymorphisms at the TP53, cytochrome P‐450 (CYP), and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) genes are related to cancer susceptibility and present high diversity in allele frequencies among ethnic groups. This study concerns the CYP2E1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 polymorphisms in seven Amerindian populations (Xavante, Guarani, Aché, Wai Wai, Zoró, Surui, and Gavião). Polymorphic sites at CYP1A1 and TP53 were also studied in the Aché and Guarani tribes and compared with previous results about these systems already obtained in the other populations. The CYP2E1*5B haplotype showed, respectively, the highest and the lowest frequencies already observed in human groups. High frequencies of CYP1A1*2A and CYP1A1*2C alleles and mostly low values of GSTM1*0/*0 and GSTT1*0/*0 genotypes were observed. These data may be interpreted as being due to genetic drift or selection for these high‐frequency CYP1A1 alleles and against GST null genotypes during America's colonization. Intrapopulation diversity varied from 0.19 (Guarani) to 0.38 (Surui), and 90% of the total diversity was due to the variability within populations. The relationships between these Amerindians and with other ethnic groups were evaluated based on DA distances and the neighbor‐joining method. Low correlation was observed between genetic relationships and geographic distances or linguistic groups. In the TP53 comparison with other ethnic groups, Amerindians clustered together and then joined Chinese populations. The cluster analysis seems to indicate that the Aché tribe might descend from a Gê group that could have first colonized that Paraguayan region, but had also assimilated some amount of the Guarani gene pool, maybe through intertribal admixture. Am J Phys Anthropol 119:249–256, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aggregation of actin and cofilin in identical twins with juvenile‐onset dystonia
Authors: Gearing Marla , Juncos Jorge L. , Procaccio Vincent , Gutekunst Claire‐Anne , Marino‐Rodriguez Elaine M. , Gyure Kymberly A. , Ono Shoichiro , Santoianni Robert , Krawiecki Nicolas S. , Wallace Douglas C. , Wainer Bruce H.
Published: October 2002

The neuropathology of the primary dystonias is not well understood. We examined brains from identical twins with DYT1‐negative, dopa‐unresponsive dystonia. The twins exhibited mild developmental delays until age 12 years when they began developing rapidly progressive generalized dystonia. Genetic, metabolic, and imaging studies ruled out known causes of dystonia. Cognition was subnormal but stable until the last few years. Death occurred at ages 21 and 22 years. The brains were macroscopically unremarkable. Microscopic examination showed unusual glial fibrillary acidic protein–immunoreactive astrocytes in multiple regions and iron accumulation in pallidal and nigral neurons. However, the most striking findings were 1) eosinophilic, rod‐like cytoplasmic inclusions in neocortical and thalamic neurons that were actin depolymerizing factor/cofilin‐immunoreactive but only rarely actin‐positive; and 2) abundant eosinophilic spherical structures in the striatum that were strongly actin‐ and actin depolymerizing factor/cofilin‐positive. Electron microscopy suggested that these structures represent degenerating neurons and processes; the accumulating filaments had the same dimensions as actin microfilaments. To our knowledge, aggregation of actin has not been reported previously as the predominant feature in any neurodegenerative disease. Thus, our findings may shed light on a novel neuropathological change associated with dystonia that may represent a new degenerative mechanism involving actin, a ubiquitous constituent of the cytoskeletal system.
Phase structure in the blend of atactic poly(vinyl alcohol) with atactic poly(vinyl alcohol‐block‐vinyl acetate)
Authors: Tanigami Tetsuya , Maruyama Nobuyuki , Yamazaki Koji , Ichikawa Yoko , Nagai Hiroyuki , Shimizu Kaori
Published: October 2002

An almost fully saponified atactic poly(vinyl alcohol) and an atactic poly(vinyl alcohol‐block‐vinyl acetate) of which degree of saponification is 89 mol % were blended by a solution casting method. The phase structure of the blend film was analyzed by optical microscopy, 13C‐NMR, and differential scanning calorimetry. The most remarkable structure of the blend was composed of cylindrical domains penetrating the film. The swelling behavior of the blend films was also investigated in the dimethylsulfoxide and water mixed solvents to find differences in solubility and diffusion behavior between the matrix and the domain. The cylindrical domains could be selectively dissolved away in water and the film became porous. We tried to change the size of the cylindrical domain with various film preparation conditions. This aimed to turn the film into the useful filter membrane. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1807–1815, 2002
Biodegradable block copolymers with poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(glycolic acid‐valine) blocks
Authors: Feng Yakai , Klee Doris , Höcker Hartwig
Published: October 2002

Biodegradable ABA triblock copolymers with poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(glycolic acid‐valine) blocks were synthesized via ring‐opening polymerization of cyclo(glycolic acid‐valine) using Ca‐alcoholates of hydroxytelechelic PEO as the initiator. The L‐valine residue racemized during copolymerization of cyclo(glycolic acid‐valine). The crystallization of the block copolymers decreases with decreasing PEO content in the triblock copolymers and with increasing length of the poly(glycolic acid‐valine) block. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2916–2919, 2002
Emulsifying and self‐emulsified properties of siloxane polymer grafted with easy hydrophile
Authors: Lee Chia‐Fen , Hsieh Pei‐Hsia , Ghosh Swapan K. , Kuo Ping‐Lin
Published: October 2002

A series of siloxane polymers (SHE) with varying weight percents of simple nonionic hydrophilic groups have been synthesized and characterized by FTIR and 13C‐NMR. Emulsions have been made by self‐emulsification of those polymers in pure water and also by emulsifying silicone oil using those polymers as oil‐in‐water type emulsifiers. The stability of those emulsions have been examined apparently from the phase separation and also from the particle size increase on storage by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and photo microscopy. The results reviled that SHE 40, having 40 wt % grafted hydrophile, formed the most stable self‐emulsified emulsion, and SHE30 and SHE40 could be used as effective emulsifiers for silicone oil emulsification. The possible use of those emulsions as a defoamer for water‐borne systems has also been investigated by measuring the reduction of foam height of a strongly foamed aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). The defoaming ability decreases with the increase in hydrophile wt % in the polymer backbone; however, it increases with the emulsion (defoamer) concentrations. When compared with respect to the total wt % of hydrophobe contents in the emulsion defomer, the self‐emulsified emulsion has shown better defoaming than the silicone oil emulsion, and the results are well in accord with the difference in size of the respective emulsion particles. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2408–2415, 2002
Dynamic mechanical analysis of polyethylene and ethylene vinylacetate copolymer blends irradiated by electron beam
Authors: Sethi Meenu , Gupta Neeraj K. , Srivastava A. K.
Published: October 2002

Dynamic mechanical properties of nonirradiated and irradiated blends of polyethylene (PE) and ethylene vinylacetate (EVA) copolymer have been determined. Effect of addition of EVA and radiational crosslinking on loss and storage modulus, tan δ, and transition temperatures were determined. Increase in transition temperatures on exposure to radiation and decrease in transition temperatures with addition of EVA is observed. Peak broadening is observed on exposure to radiation. Values of the storage modulus increase while that of loss modulus and tan δ decrease on crosslinking. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2429–2434, 2002
Effect of structural features of poly(butylene terephthalate) tubes on the useful properties of the loose tube/optical fibers system in the tubular optical fiber cables
Authors: Ambroziak Mariusz , Gruin Irma , Zdunek Krzystzof , Wronikowski Marian
Published: October 2002

To verify a hypothesis that a relationship exists between the useful properties of the loose tube/optical fibers system and the structural features of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) tubes, optical attenuation of optical fibers was studied both in the tubular optical fiber cable and in the tube proper. Examinations of the tube material structure was also performed by the DTA, SEM, and WAXD techniques. The results obtained allowed conclusion that during the standard industrial PBT tube extrusion process a finely dispersed crystalline α phase is formed in a quantity of ∼29%. The value is much less compared with the literature value of 66% (Yasuniwa et al., J Polym Sci B 1999, 37, 24201) reported for a possible maximal content of the crystalline phase in PBT. Accordingly, it was assumed that the quantity of the crystalline phase in the tubes can be made to increase by their heating at a temperature above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PBT. Results of the study corroborate the soundness of the assumption that during the optical cable conditioning process over its working temperature range, i.e., from −40 to 70°C, crystallisation of PBT tubes is likely to occur to result in their shrinkage which, as proven, affects the optical fibers attenuation, which is a major useful property of optical cables. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2124–2129, 2002
Mass transfer dynamics of the evaporation step in membrane formation by phase inversion
Authors: Hao Ji Hua , Wang Shichang
Published: October 2002

A ternary diffusion model has been developed for the evaporation step of the phase inversion process. The model is applied to the analysis of mass transfer dynamics of the evaporation step for the methanol–acetone–cellulose acetate (CA) ternary casting system. The combined analysis of quantitatively computational results from the ternary evaporation model and qualitative dynamic results during the quench process has shown that the evaporation step is essentially necessary to prepare the defect‐free, ultrathin skinned asymmetric CA membrane for the separation of CO2/CH4. The skin layer of high CA concentration obtained by evaporation has an ability to suppress liquid–liquid phase separation. And the skin layer with high tensile strength can resist the interfacial tension caused by spinodal decomposition from the substructure. Although the CA concentration in the skin layer increases considerably because of the evaporation step and the following delay time during the quench process, the substructure can still induce the spinodal decomposition because the strong coagulant, methanol, can diffuse rapidly across the ultrathin skin layer. Hence the defect‐free, ultrathin‐skinned asymmetric membrane for gas separation can be prepared from methanol–acetone–CA casting system by evaporation step and the wet phase inversion. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1564–1571, 2002
Thermoreversible hydrogel. XVII. Investigation of the drug release behavior for [N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐trimethyl acrylamidopropyl ammonium iodide‐co‐3‐dimethyl (methacryloyloxyethyl) ammonium propane sulfonate] copolymeric hydrogels
Authors: Lee Wen‐Fu , Chiu Ru‐Jen
Published: October 2002

A series of copolymeric hydrogels were prepared from various molar ratios of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), trimethyl acrylamidopropyl ammonium iodide (TMAAI), and 3‐dimethyl (methacryloyloxyethyl) ammonium propane sulfonate (DMAPS). Results showed that the swelling ratios of these copolymeric hydrogels increased with an increase of TMAAI content. The drug release behavior of the ionic thermosensitive hydrogels related to their ionicity and drug types. Results indicated that the release ratio of caffeine in the hydrogels was not affected by the ionicity of hydrogels, but increased with increasing of the swelling ratio. The anionic solute (phenol red) strongly interacted with cationic hydrogel (very large Kd), so the phenol red release ratio in cationic gels was very low. On the other hand, CV was adsorbed only on the skin layer of the cationic hydrogel because of the charge repulsion, and released rapidly. Therefore the release ratio was highest for cationic hydrogel to cationic drug. In addition, the partition coefficients (Kd) and the drug delivery behavior of the present gels were also investigated. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1592–1598, 2002
Natural fiber composites of high‐temperature thermoplastic polymers: Effects of coupling agents
Authors: Jana Sadhan C. , Prieto Alberto
Published: October 2002

Our earlier paper (Jana, S.C.; Prieto, A. J Appl Polym Sci 2002, 86, 2159) on the development of natural fiber composites of high‐performance thermoplastic polymers described a new methodology for the manufacturing of composite materials of a high‐temperature thermoplastic polymer, poly(phenylene ether) (PPE) and wood flour, a cellulosic natural filler. A thermosetting epoxy, used as a reactive solvent, reduced the processing temperature of PPE/epoxy blends to well below the decomposition temperature of natural fillers. In addition, the epoxy component, upon polymerization, formed coating layers around the filler particles to provide resistance against moisture diffusion and attacks by acids and alkali. This article describes the results of an investigation on two outstanding issues: (1) the influence of cellulosic wood particles and coupling agents on the speed of epoxy curing and reaction‐induced phase separation and (2) the effects of coupling agents on the morphology of crosslinked epoxy at the surfaces of natural fillers and mechanical properties of the composites. It was found that wood particles expedited epoxy curing in the composites; the extent of epoxy curing, however, was reduced in the presence of coupling agents. Also, the coupling agents promoted complete coverage of wood flour particles by polymerized epoxy, although the mechanical properties deteriorated over systems without coupling agents. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2168–2173, 2002