bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Los festivales de cine ambiental y su gestión. Una aproximación desde sus directores
Authors: Peña Zerpa Mixzaida Yelitza , Peña Zerpa Claritza Arlenet
Published: June 2024

Los propósitos de este artículo se resumen en develar desde las voces de los directores de Cinema Planeta, Festiverd y Patagonia Eco Film Fest las percepciones y significados atribuidos a la gestión en los festivales de cine ambiental. Bajo el enfoque cualitativo dentro del paradigma fenomenológico interpretativo, se seleccionaron los directores de festivales de cine ambiental de tres países latinoamericanos (México, Argentina y Venezuela) con diferentes ubicaciones espaciales y origen en la línea del tiempo. Mediante entrevistas en profundidad se busca comprender desde sus voces la gestión de un festival de cine ambiental. La aproximación teórica puede sustentarse en ocho enfoques: evento, proyecto, sostenibilidad, cultural, integración, sistémico, estratégico e incertidumbre. Aunque los autores comparten un conjunto de elementos para la gestión de un festival de cine, los significados develan la convergencia de algunos. Un dinamismo que concentra la cultura organizativa, la gestión propiamente dicha, el director y el fenómeno en sí. Se entiende desde el punto de vista ontológico que el hombre es el centro de la gestión de un festival de cine ambiental. Una situación que implica que las realidades no existen si no hay un conjunto de actores de interés. El conocimiento científico generado surge producto de las interacciones entre los actores y su contexto.
Principios de la fisioterapia en salud mental
Authors: Montoya Hurtado Olga
Published: June 2024

Este capítulo tiene la intención, a partir de un análisis de contenido basado en algunas consideraciones que se encuentran en la bibliografía sobre el tema, comprender cómo a través de la historia se han ido marcando unos principios fundamentales para la fisioterapia en la salud mental, los cuales no representan una rígida camisa de fuerza, sino más bien como aspectos comunes en las intervenciones que se han dado a través del tiempo y que a su vez marcan la diferencia entre ellas.
La fisioterapia psicomotriz noruega: un abordaje holístico a cuerpo, mente y emociones
Authors: Daverio Giuseppe
Published: June 2024

Este capítulo tiene como objetivo mostrar una perspectiva general del concepto terapéutico de la fisioterapia psicomotriz noruega, un método holístico desarrollado en Noruega y aplicado en el campo de la fisioterapia en salud mental. Se describen los orígenes históricos, las bases teóricas, los principios generales, las indicaciones y las contraindicaciones del método. El capítulo se acompaña de ejemplos de casos clínicos y un análisis de la interacción entre la persona y el fisioterapeuta, para mostrar la aplicación de conceptos teóricos en la práctica clínica. Concluye con una reflexión del autor sobre la aplicación del método en contextos socioculturales diferentes
Reflexión. Movimiento para sanar: una propuesta de integración mente, cuerpo y emociones
Authors: Jiménez Abdalá Dilia Esperanza
Published: June 2024

El trabajo corporal consciente es cada vez más utilizado como estrategia para darse cuenta de qué sucede en el cuerpo en el momento de movernos. Al danzar conscientemente, por ejemplo, movemos emociones, sensaciones, recuerdos, historias que llevamos en nuestro interior y que hacen que sea más o menos fácil fluir en el entorno en el que nos desenvolvemos cotidianamente.
Birmingham Hip Resurfacing at 25 years
Authors: Nandra Rajpal S. , Elnahal Walid A. , Mayne Alistair , Brash Lesley , McBryde Callum W. , Treacy Ronan B. C.
Published: June 2024

Aims

The Birmingham Hip Resurfacing (BHR) was introduced in 1997 to address the needs of young active patients using a historically proven large-diameter metal-on-metal (MoM) bearing. A single designer surgeon’s consecutive series of 130 patients (144 hips) was previously reported at five and ten years, reporting three and ten failures, respectively. The aim of this study was to extend the follow-up of this original cohort at 25 years.

Methods

The study extends the reporting on the first consecutive 144 resurfacing procedures in 130 patients for all indications. All operations were undertaken between August 1997 and May 1998. The mean age at operation was 52.1 years (SD 9.93; 17 to 76), and included 37 female patients (28.5%). Failure was defined as revision of either component for any reason. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed. Routine follow-up with serum metal ion levels, radiographs, and Oxford Hip Scores (OHSs) was undertaken.

Results

Overall implant survival was 83.50% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79 to 0.90) at 25 years, and the number at risk was 79. Survival in male patients at 25 years was 89.5% (95% CI 0.83 to 0.96) compared to 66.9% for female patients (95% CI 0.51 to 0.83). Ten additional failures occurred in the period of ten to 25 years. These involved an adverse reaction to metal debris in four patients, a periprosthetic femoral neck fracture affecting five patients, and aseptic loosening in one patient. The median chromium levels were 49.50 nmol/l (interquartile range (IQR) 34 to 70), and the median cobalt serum levels were 42 nmol/l (IQR 24.50 to 71.25). The median OHS at last follow-up was 35 (IQR 10 to 48). During the 25-year study period, 29 patients died. Patient survival at 25 years was 75.10% (95% CI 0.67 to 0.83).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that MoM hip resurfacing using the BHR provides a durable alternative to total hip arthroplasty (THA), particularly in younger male patients with osteoarthritis wishing to maintain a high level of function. These results compare favourably to the best results for THAs.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(6):540–547.
Antibiotic calcium sulphate beads lower the bacterial burden and prevent infection in a mouse model of periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Hart Christopher M. , Kelley Benjamin V. , Mamouei Zeinab , Turkmani Amr , Ralston Micah , Arnold Michael , Bernthal Nicholas M. , Sassoon Adam A.
Published: June 2024

Aims

Delayed postoperative inoculation of orthopaedic implants with persistent wound drainage or bacterial seeding of a haematoma can result in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). The aim of this in vivo study was to compare the efficacy of vancomycin powder with vancomycin-eluting calcium sulphate beads in preventing PJI due to delayed inoculation.

Methods

A mouse model of PJI of the knee was used. Mice were randomized into groups with intervention at the time of surgery (postoperative day (POD) 0): a sterile control (SC; n = 6); infected control (IC; n = 15); systemic vancomycin (SV; n = 9); vancomycin powder (VP; n = 21); and vancomycin bead (VB; n = 19) groups. Delayed inoculation was introduced during an arthrotomy on POD 7 with 1 × 105 colony-forming units (CFUs) of a bioluminescent strain of Staphylococcus aureus. The bacterial burden was monitored using bioluminescence in vivo. All mice were killed on POD 21. Implants and soft-tissue were harvested and sonicated for analysis of the CFUs.

Results

The mean in vivo bioluminescence in the VB group was significantly lower on POD 8 and POD 10 compared with the other groups. There was a significant 1.3-log10 (95%) and 1.5-log10 (97%) reduction in mean soft-tissue CFUs in the VB group compared with the VP and IC groups (3.6 × 103 vs 7.0 × 104; p = 0.022; 3.6 × 103 vs 1.0 × 105; p = 0.007, respectively) at POD 21. There was a significant 1.6-log10 (98%) reduction in mean implant CFUs in the VB group compared with the IC group (1.3 × 100 vs 4.7 × 101, respectively; p = 0.038). Combined soft-tissue and implant infection was prevented in 10 of 19 mice (53%) in the VB group as opposed to 5 of 21 (24%) in the VP group, 3 of 15 (20%) in the IC group, and 0% in the SV group.

Conclusion

In our in vivo mouse model, antibiotic-releasing calcium sulphate beads appeared to outperform vancomycin powder alone in lowering the bacterial burden and preventing soft-tissue and implant infections.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(6):632–638.
Equivalent mortality after operation with sliding hip screw or intramedullary nail for trochanteric AO/OTA A1 and A2 fractures reported in the Norwegian Hip Fracture Register 2008 to 2020
Authors: Ahmad Amara , Egeland Emma H. , Dybvik Eva H. , Gjertsen Jan-Erik , Lie Stein A. , Fenstad Anne M. , Matre Kjell , Furnes Ove
Published: June 2024

Aims

This study aimed to compare mortality in trochanteric AO/OTA A1 and A2 fractures treated with an intramedullary nail (IMN) or sliding hip screw (SHS). The primary endpoint was 30-day mortality, with secondary endpoints at 0 to 1, 2 to 7, 8 to 30, 90, and 365 days.

Methods

We analyzed data from 26,393 patients with trochanteric AO/OTA A1 and A2 fractures treated with IMNs (n = 9,095) or SHSs (n = 17,298) in the Norwegian Hip Fracture Register (January 2008 to December 2020). Exclusions were made for patients aged < 60 years, pathological fractures, pre-2008 operations, contralateral hip fractures, fractures other than trochanteric A1/A2, and treatments other than IMNs or SHSs. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses adjusted for type of fracture, age, sex, cognitive impairment, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, and time period were conducted, along with calculations for number needed to harm (NNH).

Results

In unadjusted analyses, there was no significant difference between IMN and SHS patient survival at 30 days (91.8% vs 91.1%; p = 0.083) or 90 days (85.4% vs 84.5%; p = 0.065), but higher one-year survival for IMNs (74.5% vs 73.3%; p = 0.031) compared with SHSs. After adjustments, no significant difference in 30-day mortality was found (hazard rate ratio (HRR) 0.94 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.86 to 1.02(; p = 0.146). IMNs exhibited higher mortality at 0 to 1 days (HRR 1.63 (95% CI 1.13 to 2.34); p = 0.009) compared with SHSs, with a NNH of 556, but lower mortality at 8 to 30 days (HRR 0.89 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.00); p = 0.043). No differences were observed in mortality at 2 to 7 days (HRR 0.94 (95% CI 0.79 to 1.11); p = 0.434), 90 days (HRR 0.95 (95% CI 0.89 to 1.02); p = 0.177), or 365 days (HRR 0.97 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.02); p = 0.192).

Conclusion

This study found no difference in 30-day mortality between IMNs and SHSs. However, IMNs were associated with a higher mortality at 0 to 1 days and a marginally lower mortality at 8 to 30 days compared with SHSs. The observed differences in mortality were small and should probably not guide choice of treatment.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(6):603–612.
Clinical efficacy of multiple intra-articular injection for hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Lei Ting , Wang Yiyi , Li Mingqing , Hua Long
Published: June 2024

Aims

Intra-articular (IA) injection may be used when treating hip osteoarthritis (OA). Common injections include steroids, hyaluronic acid (HA), local anaesthetic, and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Network meta-analysis allows for comparisons between two or more treatment groups and uses direct and indirect comparisons between interventions. This network meta-analysis aims to compare the efficacy of various IA injections used in the management of hip OA with a follow-up of up to six months.

Methods

This systematic review and network meta-analysis used a Bayesian random-effects model to evaluate the direct and indirect comparisons among all treatment options. PubMed, Web of Science, Clinicaltrial.gov, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to February 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which evaluate the efficacy of HA, PRP, local anaesthetic, steroid, steroid+anaesthetic, HA+PRP, and physiological saline injection as a placebo, for patients with hip OA were included.

Results

In this meta-analysis of 16 RCTs with a total of 1,735 participants, steroid injection was found to be significantly more effective than placebo injection on reported pain at three months, but no significant difference was observed at six months. Furthermore, steroid injection was considerably more effective than placebo injection for functional outcomes at three months, while the combination of HA+PRP injection was substantially more effective at six months.

Conclusion

Evidence suggests that steroid injection is more effective than saline injection for the treatment of hip joint pain, and restoration of functional outcomes.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(6):532–539.
Porsuk-Zeyve Höyük Hellenistik Dönem Yerel Üretim ve Geleneksel Boya Bezemeli Seramikleri
Authors: KÖKER GÖKÇE Emine , BARAT Claire
Published: June 2024

Porsuk-Zeyve Höyük’te uzun süredir devam eden kazılarda Hellenistik tabakadan boya bezemeli seramikler ele geçmiştir. Bu seramiklerin yüzeyi çeşitli motiflerle bezenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Porsuk-Zeyve Höyük Demir Çağı kapları üzerinde rastlanan ve Hellenistik Dönem’de de kullanılmaya devam eden bant/spiral, benek ve kuş bezemeli seramikler üzerinde durulmuştur. Porsuk-Zeyve Höyük’te 2011 yılında Şantiye II alanında H07 plan karesinde, buluntular ve C14 yöntemi ile Hellenistik Dönem’e tarihlenen, seramik fırını tespit edilmiştir. Seramik fırınının Geç Demir Çağı tabakası üzerine inşa edilmesinden dolayı Hellenistik Dönem’in erken evresinden itibaren kullanılmaya başlandığı ve buluntular yardımıyla kullanımının MÖ 2. yüzyıla kadar devam ettiği anlaşılmaktadır. Boya bezemeli seramiklerin bu fırında üretildiği düşünülmektedir. Porsuk-Zeyve Höyük yerel üretim seramikleri bu çalışmayla tanıtılmış ve Orta Anadolu seramiği ile ilişkisi irdelenmiştir.
Paphlagonia da Zeus Kültü ve Boğa Bağlantısı
Authors: KARASALİHOĞLU Murat
Published: June 2024

Paphlagonia Bölgesi’nde antikçağda en yaygın inanış Zeus Kültü olup epigrafik belgelere göre toponim kaynaklı yerel tanrı inanışlarının ağırlığı görülür. Tanrı, iklimsel olaylardan sorumlu, gökyüzünden toprağa ulaşan bereketin sağlayıcısı ve yaşamın koruyucusudur. Tanrı, bölgenin coğrafi şartlarına bağlı olarak aynı zamanda dağ tanrısı kimliğine sahiptir. Külte ilişkin bölgeden arkeolojik, nümismatik ve epigrafik veriler bilinmekle birlikte, bu veriler içinde tanrıya adandığını bazılarının yazıtlarından bildiğimiz 19 adet taş boğa adak farklı bir önem arz eder. Taş boğa adaklar ikonografik olarak küçük farklılıklara sahip olsalar da bir bütünlük taşırlar ancak buna karşın geniş zaman aralığına (MÖ V – MS II. yüzyıl) yerleştirilirler. Taş boğa adaklar için farklı zaman dilimleri ve kültürlere göre yapılan stil-kritik karşılaştırmasıyla yapılan değerlendirmede eserlerin bir adak olmasına karşın tanrının kendisini de temsil ettiği sonucu çıkmaktadır. Taş boğa adakların dinsel içeriği ile ikonografilerindeki bazı detaylar Tunç Çağı’ndan itibaren gelen ve daha sonra Zeus ile synkretik bütünleşmeye giren Fırtına Tanrısı Kültü’nün devamlılığını gösterir. Bu noktada taş boğa adakların erken dönemlerden gelen köklü bir mirasın temsilcileri olduğu düşünülür. Bunun nedeni ise bölgenin coğrafi şartlarından dolayı yalıtılmış olarak kalması ve kültürel etkileşimin daha az olması gibi unsurlarla inanışların muhafazakâr bir şekilde korunmuş olduğudur. Bu koşullarda Paphlagonia taş boğa adaklarının Tunç Çağı’ndan gelen yerel fırtına tanrılarıyla Zeus inancı arasında synkretik anlamda bağ kurulan zoomorfik geç dönem yansımaları olduğu söylenebilir.
On the Procession of the Great Mahomet, Manufacturing Prejudice: Published Fabrications – Alleged Translations of Ottoman Decrees
Authors: DUGGAN Terrance Michael Patrick
Published: June 2024

The subject of this paper is a series of variants on an alleged translation into English first published in the late 17th c. of what was said to be an ordinance-order-command-proclamation-decree, a firman, allegedly issued in consequence of Ottoman military defeats, by the Ottoman Sultans Süleyman II. (1687-1691), Mustafa II. (1695-1703), and Ahmed III. (1703-1730), for fasting throughout Ottoman territory on Mondays and Fridays by all Ottoman subjects, and, a procession to be held three times in three consecutive months at Mecca. This procession was to transport the coffin of the Prophet Mohammed over a distance of 20 or 10 or 25 miles, with lamentations and flagellations and a number of human sacrifice per mile, all specified in the alleged Order of Procession, to obtain the intercession of the Prophet Muhammed with the Almighty to ensure the future success of Ottoman arms. Published in English as a broadside pamphlet in 1687, and then in a journal article entitled Advice From Turky –News from Turkey in 1697, but which are in fact examples of black propaganda. This series of alleged Ottoman decrees was published in English in variant forms in a variety of publications over the course of nearly two centuries. Doubtless many readers over these two centuries believed the allegations made in these alleged Ottoman decrees to be true, not the malicious fabrications they are, thereby reinforcing the illusion of truth concerning the bigotry and barbarity of “the Other”.
Cami İç Mekânlarında Tekerlekli Sandalye Uyumlu Abdest Alma Ünite Önerisi
Authors: DURUKAN Ayşegül , ÖNAL Esra
Published: June 2024

Abdest alma ünitesinin cami kompleksinde ilksel kullanımı bir su kuyusu formu ile 622-623 yıllarında inşa edilen Mescid-ül Nebevi’de görülmektedir. Bu kullanım ile başlayan cami içinde abdest alma alanı kavramı ilerleyen zamanlarda cami kompleksinin içinde önemli bir değere sahip olmuştur. Şadırvanlar sahip oldukları estetik form nedeniyle cami merkez avlusunda değerlendirilmeye yüzyıllar boyunca devam etmiştir. Fonksiyonel bir görev taşıyan abdest alma alanları ise camilerin iç mekânlarına taşınmıştır. Bu şekilde ana abdest alma alanlarının daha mahrem, konforlu ve ergonomik bir ortama taşınması gerçekleşmiştir. Bu mekânların sahip olduğu fonksiyonel ve ergonomik kriterler bu çalışma kapsamında incelenmiş olup özellikle yürüme engellilere, yaşlılara ya da geçici olarak tekerlekli sandalye kullanımına ihtiyacı olanlara yönelik tasarım önerisi gerçekleştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bunun amacı geçmişten günümüze gelen cami abdesthanesi modellerinde henüz istenilen standartlarda tekerlekli sandalye kullanıcıları için abdest alma ünitelerinin yer almamasıdır. Bu noktadan hareketle belirlenen bu makale özelinde camilerimizde yürüme engellilere ve farklı nedenlerden tekerlekli sandalye kullanmak durumunda olan kişilerin ihtiyaçlarına yönelik abdest alma ünitesi tasarımı önerisinde bulunulacaktır. Yeni savlanan abdest alma ünitesi tekerlekli sandalye ile uyumlu ölçülerde tasarlana-rak öneri olarak sunulmuştur.
A Memory of Oak Lake
Authors: Waln Vi
Published: June 2024

Abstract: The Oak Lake Writers' Society was formed in 1993 at the South Dakota State University (SDSU) Field House near Oak Lake. SDSU Professor Charles Woodard and tribal educators Lowell Amiotte and Elden Lawrence coordinated the gatherings. Tribal college and public university officials submitted names of tribal citizens they believed would benefit from an Indigenous writer's retreat. The Field House, used as a Girl Scout cabin prior to SDSU acquiring the property, contained a large meeting room with a fireplace, a full kitchen, two bathrooms and several sleeping rooms. The Field House was located a few hundred yards from the lake. There were about fifteen tribal citizens from South Dakota who attended the first retreat. Most of the participants experienced dreams or unexplained incidents while exploring the area surrounding the cabin and lake during the initial retreat. During one of the group sessions, we discussed what we were experiencing both in the cabin and surrounding area. Several incidents on the last day of the retreat were experienced as a group. Our time there was no coincidence. Many of the group members believe they were drawn to Oak Lake to help with healing one instance of trauma experienced by their ancestors.
Lakota Voices: Sharing Our Stories, Coloring the Lens Lakota
Authors: Bordeaux Nelson Winya Luta Win Patty
Published: June 2024

Abstract: Lakota Voices: Sharing Our Stories, Coloring the Lens Lakota , is a personal story of an event held on Indigenous Day, October 10, 2022. This Indigenous Day event, a culmination of a lifetime of lived experiences, was held in the settler community of Madison, South Dakota. This journey of lived experiences awakened a Lakota woman's voice to express the personal effects of colonization. Sharing her story helped her to personally begin the decolonization process. Lakota Voices provided the platform to challenge settler mindsets and to dismantle Lakota stereotypes. The Lakota Voices Project was made possible through the North Dakota/South Dakota Change Network and the Bush Foundation. The intention of the Change Network Project is to support community education, cultural events, and community building. The overall purpose is to build relationships across differences, bring communities together, and foster systems change.
I Remember Turtle Woman
Authors: Hauff Tracy
Published: June 2024

Abstract: The essay I Remember Turtle Woman is gleaned from two author memories: Hauff's introduction to Elsie Flood, aka Turtle Woman, in the early 1960s and hearing about her death in 1991. As a child, she was fascinated with Elsie's fearless nomadic lifestyle and easygoing demeanor. Flood was a memorable woman who made an impression on her young mind. Hauff didn't realize it at the time, but she felt protective of Flood, sensing she was a rare human being. The author was gut punched when she heard about Flood's brutal murder on the South Dakota Public Broadcasting radio station during storyteller hour. The narrator was reading the passage from Mary Crow Dog's book, Lakota Woman , where Elsie's death is mentioned. It was the first Hauff had heard of it, even though Elsie had been killed in 1976. It was also the first time she grasped the heartbreaking reality of Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women.
The Challenges of the Literary Tradition of the Oceti Sakowin
Authors: Tateyuskanskan Gabrielle
Published: June 2024

Abstract: The historic harms that tribal nations have endured are detrimental to the Oceti Sakowin or Seven Council Fires' literary tradition. Ongoing challenges exist in tribal communities due to U.S. government policies that took away the freedom to take part in cultural activities, participate in spiritual practices, and to speak one's language. The Oceti Sakowin Writers Society, formerly the Oak Lake Writers' Society, have discussed these issues during their annual writers' retreats, including challenges facing language revitalization and creating a contemporary orthography from a language that is originally oral. Important work remains for the Oceti Sakowin to continue language recovery efforts and the critical development of a contemporary orthography by the Oyate. These works are vital to continue the Oceti Sakowin literary tradition.
Graham Hancock, Prometheus for a New Age: Alternative Archaeology as Modern Mythmaking
Authors: Hammer Olav , Swartz Karen
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT: The Netflix show Ancient Apocalypse revolves around British writer Graham Hancock’s claim that he has uncovered evidence indicating that there was an advanced, spiritually attuned civilization during the last Ice Age that brought key elements of culture to peoples around the world. Critics, professional archaeologists in particular, characterize Hancock as a pseudoarchaeologist and a pseudoscientist. A less commonly explored perspective is to see Hancock as a bricoleur who creates a myth from a motley selection of cultural elements. A quintessentially modern feature of his Ice Age myth is its tension in relation to scientific archaeology. A story that has the characteristics of a culture hero myth is presented as evidence-based and empirically more valid than the accounts of professional archaeologists. A narrative analysis based on the work of literary theorist Algirdas Greimas shows how this claim results, on the one hand, in a pervasive vagueness in the account of the Ice Age heroes and, on the other, in a far more sharply drawn story of Hancock as a present-day Promethean culture hero who fights the dogmatism of academics and reveals the insights of the ancient Ice Age sages to a world afflicted with amnesia about its true history.
An Inquiry concerning Anitas : Existence, Accidental Forms, and Privations in Thomas Aquinas
Authors: Falessi Davide
Published: June 2024

Abstract: To account for privations, Aquinas links being as truth to the question an est (does it exist?). When we ask, “Does blindness exist?”, the answer is positive because it is true that some people are blind. Kenny refers to this way of existing proper to privations as anitas and identifies it with the first-order existential quantifier. Moreover, Ventimiglia, following Kenny and Geach, while clarifying that in Aquinas privations and accidental forms are ontologically distinct, suggests that both privations and accidental forms are said to exist in terms of anitas . This holds in the case of Frege, according to whom there is no need to distinguish between privations and accidents since they are both first-level concepts. But for Aquinas it is necessary to provide a clear distinction between them on the basis of a difference in their modes of existence. The author’s thesis is thus that it is not possible to account for both privations and accidental forms in terms of the existential quantifier unless, following Aquinas, we distinguish different senses of the existential quantifier expressing their different modes of existence, while avoiding the blurring of ontological distinctions.
The Myths of (Re)Enchantment: Anthropological Reflections on a Mistaken Narrative
Authors: Van Beeck Evelien
Published: June 2024

Abstract: Charles Taylor in A Secular Age (2007) reopened the debate about the possibility of “reenchantment,” presupposing that “enchantment” once existed, but got lost, such that we arrived at a state of “disenchantment.” However, the no longer marginal debate on the possibility of a “re-enchantment,” is in my view chaotic and lacks precise definitions. In this article the author tries to clarify the concepts involved and put some order in the debate and investigate the possibilities for a kind of re-enchantment. Firstly, she discloses enchantment, disenchantment, and reenchantment as factors in an intellectual scheme, rather than as concepts describing an historical reality. Secondly, she shows that these terms are not applicable to epoque defining sociocultural constellations, a common conviction, defended by Taylor too, which has awkward ideology-related implications. Finally, she points out, in an analysis inspired by Ricoeur, that it rather is the domain of the individual life where the loss and the recovering of enchantment may take place, in a dynamic between the individual and the “call of reality,” having the enchanting capacity to inspire possible lives and give our lives its beacons.
Perspectives of healthcare professionals on training for quantitative G6PD testing during implementation of tafenoquine in Brazil (QualiTRuST Study)
Authors: Santos Alicia , Brito Marcelo , Silva Evellyn , Rocha Felipe , Oliveira Ana , Dávila Rafaela , Gama Hiran , Albuquerque Jéssica , Paiva Mena , Baía-Silva Djane , Sampaio Vanderson , Balieiro Patrícia , Rufatto Rosilene , Grewal Daumerie Penny , Peterka Cássio , Edilson Lima Francisco , Monteiro Wuelton , Arcanjo Ana , Silva Ricardo , Batista Pereira Dhelio , Lacerda Marcus , Murta Felipe
Published: June 2024

Effective radical cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria is essential for malaria elimination in Brazil. P. vivax radical cure requires administration of a schizonticide, such as chloroquine, plus an 8-aminoquinoline. However, 8-aminoquinolines cause hemolysis in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, requiring prior screening to exclude those at risk. Brazil is pioneering the implementation of tafenoquine, a single-dose 8-aminoquinoline indicated for P. vivax patients with >70% of normal G6PD activity. Tafenoquine implementation in Manaus and Porto Velho, two municipalities located in the western Brazilian Amazon, included comprehensive training of healthcare professionals (HCPs) on point-of-care quantitative G6PD testing and a new treatment algorithm for P. vivax radical cure incorporating tafenoquine. Training was initially provided to higher-level facilities (phase one) and later adapted for primary care units (phase two). This study analyzed HCP experiences during training and implementation and identified barriers and facilitators. In-depth interviews and focus discussion groups were conducted 30 days after each training for a purposive random sample of 115 HCPs. Thematic analysis was employed using MAXQDA software, analyzing data through inductive and deductive coding. Analysis showed that following the initial training for higher-level facilities, some HCPs did not feel confident performing quantitative G6PD testing and prescribing the tafenoquine regimen. Modifications to the training in phase two resulted in an improvement in understanding the implementation process of the G6PD test and tafenoquine, as well as in the knowledge acquired by HCPs. Additionally, knowledge gaps were addressed through in situ training, peer communication via a messaging app, and educational materials. Training supported effective deployment of the new tools in Manaus and Porto Velho and increased awareness of the need for pharmacovigilance. A training approach for nationwide implementation of these tools was devised. Implementing quantitative G6PD testing and tafenoquine represents a significant shift in P. vivax malaria case management. Consistent engagement with HCPs is needed to overcome challenges in fully integrating these tools within the Brazilian health system.
Qualitative description of interpersonal HIV stigma and motivations for HIV testing among gays, bisexuals, and men who have sex with men in Ghana’s slums—BSGH-005
Authors: Abu-Ba’are Gamji Rabiu , Shamrock Osman Wumpini , Zigah Edem Yaw , Ogunbajo Adedotun , Dakpui Henry Delali , Agbemedu George Rudolph Kofi , Boyd Donte T. , Ezechi Oliver C. , Nelson LaRon E. , Torpey Kwasi
Published: June 2024

Despite significant progress in Ghana’s HIV response, disparities in HIV prevalence persist among different populations. Gays, bisexuals, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in the country remain vulnerable to HIV infection due to high levels of stigma and discrimination, limited access to healthcare services, and low HIV knowledge levels. While limited studies focus on HIV prevention and care in the Ghanaian GBMSM context, we did not find studies on GBMSM in slums. We, therefore, explored stigma and motivations of HIV testing among GBMSM in slums. In collaboration with our community partners, we recruited and conducted face-to-face interviews among 12 GBMSM from slums in Accra and Kumasi, Ghana. Our multiple-reviewer summative content analysis identified the following: under HIV stigma, we identified two categories, avoidance of GBMSM living with HIV and fear of testing positive for HIV. Under motivations for HIV testing, we identified three categories; HIV vulnerability, knowing one’s HIV status, and positive messaging about HIV. Our findings provide valuable insights into stigma and motivations for HIV testing among GBMSM in Ghanaian slums. They also highlight the importance of targeted HIV education interventions to empower GBMSM to take responsibility for their sexual health and address the unique challenges they face accessing HIV testing services.
HIV, syphilis and sexual-risk behaviours’ prevalence among in-and out-of-school adolescent girls and young women in Zambia: A cross-sectional survey study
Authors: Musonda Patrick , Halwiindi Hikabasa , Kaonga Patrick , Ngoma-Hazemba Alice , Simpungwe Matildah , Mweemba Mable , Tembo Chowa , Zyambo Cosmas , Chisoso John , Munakampe Margaret , Choonga Powell , Ngalamika Owen , Musukuma Mwiche , Chavula Malizgani P. , Sichula Noah , Mweemba Oliver , Zulu Joseph Mumba , Phiri Henry
Published: June 2024

Background

In Zambia, 3.8% of young women and men aged 15–24 are HIV positive. However, like in most developing nations, HIV prevalence is higher among young women than young men (5.6% versus 1.8%). Despite the recognition of the rights of young people to sexual reproductive health (SRH) information and services, adolescent and young people (AYP) still face challenges in accessing healthcare in public health institutions including access to comprehensive knowledge on HIV/AIDs, HIV testing and contraceptives. The overall objective of the study was to collect baseline HIV, SRH and gender based violence (GBV) data at district level to inform the design of interventions targeting adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) aged 10–24 years in 20 districts of Zambia.

Methods

A cross-sectional, mixed-methods study was conducted in 20 districts of Zambia with the highest incidence of HIV. Data was collected between August and October 2022 with a total response rate of 92% (12,813/13960), constituting 5979 (46.7%) in-school and 6834 (53.3%) out-of-school participants.

Results

Overall, Mwinilunga, Chinsali, Chisamba and Chembe districts had the highest number of respondents, while Sinazongwe and Mungwi districts contributed the least. The overall age distribution was such that 12.6% (n = 1617) of those interviewed were aged 10 to 14 years, 35.4% (n = 4536) were aged 15–19 years, and 52.0% (n = 6660) were aged 20–24 years. The overall mean age at first sex among AGYW interviewed was 16.6 years which was broken down as follows: 16.2 years for in-school and 16.8 years for out of school. Overall, most of the respondents had first time sex with either their boyfriend (80.4%) or husband (15.6%), with 2.4% of the in-school participants reporting to have had their sexual debut in marriage compared to 21.0% among out-of-school AGYW. Prevalence of HIV was higher in the out-of-school compared to the in-school participants (5.5% vs 2.0%), Similarly, the prevalence of syphilis was higher in the out-of-school than the in-school participants (4.1% vs 1.5%).

Conclusion

The study focused on assessing the prevalence and vulnerability of HIV, syphilis, GBV, and SRH services uptake among adolescent girls and young women, and exploring factors affecting girls’ stay-in-school and re-engagement. The study found that HIV and syphilis are still significant public health problems among adolescent girls and young women in Zambia, emphasizing the need for increased efforts to prevent and manage these infections.
Audit and feedback to change diagnostic image ordering practices: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Badejo Oluwatosin , Saleeb Maria , Hall Amanda , Furlong Bradley , Logan Gabrielle S. , Gao Zhiwei , Barrett Brendan , Alcock Lindsay , Aubrey-Bassler Kris
Published: June 2024

Background

Up to 30% of diagnostic imaging (DI) tests may be unnecessary, leading to increased healthcare costs and the possibility of patient harm. The primary objective of this systematic review was to assess the effect of audit and feedback (AF) interventions directed at healthcare providers on reducing image ordering. The secondary objective was to examine the effect of AF on the appropriateness of DI ordering.

Methods

Studies were identified using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov registry on December 22nd, 2022. Studies were included if they were randomized control trials (RCTs), targeted healthcare professionals, and studied AF as the sole intervention or as the core component of a multi-faceted intervention. Risk of bias for each study was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Meta-analyses were completed using RevMan software and results were displayed in forest plots.

Results

Eleven RCTs enrolling 4311 clinicians or practices were included. AF interventions resulted in 1.5 fewer image test orders per 1000 patients seen than control interventions (95% confidence interval (CI) for the difference -2.6 to -0.4, p-value = 0.009). The effect of AF on appropriateness was not statistically significant, with a 3.2% (95% CI -1.5 to 7.7%, p-value = 0.18) greater likelihood of test orders being considered appropriate with AF vs control interventions. The strength of evidence was rated as moderate for the primary objective but was very low for the appropriateness outcome because of risk of bias, inconsistency in findings, indirectness, and imprecision.

Conclusion

AF interventions are associated with a modest reduction in total DI ordering with moderate certainty, suggesting some benefit of AF. Individual studies document effects of AF on image order appropriateness ranging from a non-significant trend toward worsening to a highly significant improvement, but the weighted average effect size from the meta-analysis is not statistically significant with very low certainty.
Prevalence, under-reporting, and epidemiological surveillance of COVID-19 in the Araguaína City of Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Monike da Silva , Carvalho Rogério Fernandes , Meurer Carolina Merlin , Rodrigues Ézio Machado , Dias Bianca Pereira , Santos Isac Gabriel Cunha dos , Nascimento Cristiane Alves , Rodrigues Yron Moreira , Santos Alessandro José Ferreira dos , Almeida Katyane de Sousa , de Souza Ueric José Borges , Campos Fabrício Souza , Ribeiro Juliane , Soares Célia Maria de Almeida , Ribeiro Júnior José Carlos
Published: June 2024

Asymptomatic and underreported individuals remain a source of coronafig disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission to others. Data on the prevalence and epidemiological factors influencing transmission are fundamental for establishing control measures, especially in vulnerable regions such as the Amazon. This study aimed to determine the point prevalence and active infection of COVID-19 among the population in Araguaína, a Brazilian city located in the Amazon region, analyzed the socioeconomic and behavioral variables of a statistically representative sample of this population using an epidemiological survey, and identify the viral genomic diversity in the region. During the sixth epidemiological week of 2021 (February 8 to 12), samples of 497 inhabitants of the municipality asymptomatic for respiratory syndromes underwent reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and serological tests (immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G). A questionnaire collated data on socioeconomic factors, prevention measures, and health status history. The active infection rate was 6.2%, and the prevalence was 13.5% of the study population. Active infection cases were under-reported; each reported positive case represented 14–28 under-reported cases. Lineages P.2, P.1, and B.1.1 were detected. Working from home was a protective factor against the infection, and clinical signs of fever, dry cough, and loss of taste or smell were associated with testing positive (p <0.05). A descriptive analysis of the indicators revealed that the entire population was susceptible to the disease. Intensified vaccination strategies are required regardless of socioeconomic factors, health conditions, and preventive measures. Implementation of objective, comprehensive, and efficient management tools to minimize the spread of COVID-19 in this municipality can serve as a model for other regions of Brazil.
Establishment of dual reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for detection system for Areca palm velarivirus 1
Authors: Peng Chunlin , Fan Benyi , Zhu Hui , Liu Liyun , Zhao Zhengwu , Huang Liyun
Published: June 2024

Areca palm velarivirus 1 (APV1) is one of the main pathogen causing yellow leaf disease, and leading to considerable losses in the Areca palm industry. The detection methods for APV1 are primarily based on phenotype determination and molecular techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, a single PCR has limitations in accuracy and sensitivity. Therefore, in the present study, we established a dual RT-PCR APV1-detection system with enhanced accuracy and sensitivity using two pairs of specific primers, YLDV2-F/YLDV2-R and YLDV4-F/YLDV4-R. Moreover, two cDNA fragments covering different regions of the viral genome were simultaneously amplified, with PCR amplicon of 311 and 499 bp, respectively. The dual RT-PCR detection system successfully amplified the two target regions of the APV1, demonstrating high specificity and sensitivity and compensating for the limitations of single-primer detection methods. We tested 60 Areca palm samples from different geographical regions, highlighting its advantages in that the dual RT-PCR system efficiently and accurately detected APV1 in samples across diverse areas. The dual RT-PCR APV1 detection system provides a rapid, accurate, and sensitive method for detecting the virus and offers valuable technical support for research in preventing and managing yellow leaf diseases caused by APV1 in Areca palms. Moreover, the findings of this study can serve as a reference for establishing similar plants viral detection systems in the future.
North and South in Medieval Iberia: A historical and environmental estimate through isotopic analyses
Authors: Martín-Alonso José Francisco , Laffranchi Zita , Milella Marco , Coppola-Bove Lorenza , Mena-Sánchez Luis A. , Jiménez-Brobeil Sylvia A.
Published: June 2024

The Middle Ages in the Iberian Peninsula is a period of special interest for studying the relationship of climate change with historical and socioeconomic processes. Between the 8th and 15th centuries AD, the Peninsula was characterized not only by complex political, cultural, and social transitions but also by major variations in the climate. The objective of this study was to examine differences in diet and mobility between distinct populations of the Peninsula and explore the possible relationship of diet, mobility, and culture with environmental variables and geographical settings. For this purpose, we obtained stable isotopic ratios of carbon and oxygen (δ13C and δ18O) from the enamel apatite of first upper incisors from 145 individuals at eight archeological sites that represent both Christian and Islamic communities and both rural and urban social settings. Results revealed a dietary difference between Christian and Islamic populations, observing a greater contribution of C4 plants, possibly sorghum, in the diet of the latter, especially in a rural setting. The disparity in oxygen isotopic ratios between populations from the North and South of the Peninsula is consistent with modern climatic differences between these regions. In this line, intraregional variability in oxygen isotopic ratios may hint at diachronic occupation phases under varying climatic conditions. The few isotopic outliers in our sample suggest overall low mobility levels.
Developing a multimedia patient-reported outcomes measure for low literacy patients with a human-centered design approach
Authors: Azad Chao Long , Beres Laura K. , Wu Albert W. , Fong Allan , Giladi Aviram M.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Almost all patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) are text-based, which impedes accurate completion by low and limited literacy patients. Few PROMs are designed or validated to be self-administered, either in clinical or research settings, by patients of all literacy levels. We aimed to adapt the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Upper Extremity Short Form (PROMIS-UE) to a multimedia version (mPROMIS-UE) that can be self-administered by hand and upper extremity patients of all literacy levels.

Methods

Our study in which we applied the Multimedia Adaptation Protocol included seven phases completed in a serial, iterative fashion: planning with our community advisory board; direct observation; discovery interviews with patients, caregivers, and clinic staff; ideation; prototyping; member-checking interviews; and feedback. Direct observations were documented in memos that underwent rapid thematic analysis. Interviews were audio-recorded and documented using analytic memos; a rapid, framework-guided thematic analysis with both inductive and deductive themes was performed. Themes were distilled into design challenges to guide ideation and prototyping that involved our multidisciplinary research team. To assess completeness, credibility, and acceptability we completed additional interviews with member-checking of initial findings and consulted our community advisory board.

Results

We conducted 12 hours of observations. We interviewed 17 adult English-speaking participants (12 patients, 3 caregivers, 2 staff) of mixed literacy. Our interviews revealed two distinct user personas and three distinct literacy personas; we developed the mPROMIS-UE with these personas in mind. Themes from interviews were distilled into four broad design challenges surrounding literacy, customizability, convenience, and shame. We identified features (audio, animations, icons, avatars, progress indicator, illustrated response scale) that addressed the design challenges. The last 6 interviews included member-checking; participants felt that the themes, design challenges, and corresponding features resonated with them. These features were synthesized into an mPROMIS-UE prototype that underwent rounds of iterative refinement, the last of which was guided by recommendations from our community advisory board.

Discussion

We successfully adapted the PROMIS-UE to an mPROMIS-UE that addresses the challenges identified by a mixed literacy hand and upper extremity patient cohort. This demonstrates the feasibility of adapting PROMs to multimedia versions. Future research will include back adaptation, usability testing via qualitative evaluation, and psychometric validation of the mPROMIS-UE. A validated mPROMIS-UE will expand clinicians’ and investigators’ ability to capture patient-reported outcomes in mixed literacy populations.
Measuring data rot: An analysis of the continued availability of shared data from a Single University
Authors: Briney Kristin A.
Published: June 2024

To determine where data is shared and what data is no longer available, this study analyzed data shared by researchers at a single university. 2166 supplemental data links were harvested from the university’s institutional repository and web scraped using R. All links that failed to scrape or could not be tested algorithmically were tested for availability by hand. Trends in data availability by link type, age of publication, and data source were examined for patterns. Results show that researchers shared data in hundreds of places. About two-thirds of links to shared data were in the form of URLs and one-third were DOIs, with several FTP links and links directly to files. A surprising 13.4% of shared URL links pointed to a website homepage rather than a specific record on a website. After testing, 5.4% the 2166 supplemental data links were found to be no longer available. DOIs were the type of shared link that was least likely to disappear with a 1.7% loss, with URL loss at 5.9% averaged over time. Links from older publications were more likely to be unavailable, with a data disappearance rate estimated at 2.6% per year, as well as links to data hosted on journal websites. The results support best practice guidance to share data in a data repository using a permanent identifier.