bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Childhood adversity and borderline personality disorder: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Porter C. , Palmier‐Claus J. , Branitsky A. , Mansell W. , Warwick H. , Varese F.
Published: October 2019

Objective

The aim of this meta‐analysis was to better understand the magnitude and consistency of the association between childhood adversity and borderline personality disorder (BPD) across case–control, epidemiological and prospective cohort studies.

Method

Following the review protocol (reference: CRD42017075179), search terms pertaining to adversity and BPD were entered into three search engines. Random‐effects meta‐analysis synthesised the size and consistency of the effects.

Results

A total of 97 studies compared BPD to non‐clinical (k = 40) and clinical (k = 70) controls. Meta‐analysis of case–control studies indicated that individuals with BPD are 13.91 (95% CI 11.11–17.43) times more likely to report childhood adversity than non‐clinical controls. This effect was smaller when considering retrospective cohort (OR: 2.59; 95% CI 0.93–7.30) and epidemiological (OR: 2.56, 95% CI 1.24–5.30) studies. Findings were significant across adversity subtypes with emotional abuse (OR: 38.11, 95% CI: 25.99–55.88) and neglect (OR: 17.73, 95% CI = 13.01–24.17) demonstrating the largest effects. Individuals with BPD were 3.15 (95% CI 2.62–3.79) times more likely to report childhood adversity than other psychiatric groups.

Conclusions

This meta‐analysis corroborates theoretical proposals that exposure to adverse life experiences is associated with BPD. It highlights the importance of considering childhood adversity when treating people diagnosed with BPD.
Ghost‐busting: patch occupancy and habitat preferences of Ocyale ghost (Araneae: Lycosidae), a single site endemic in north‐western Madagascar
Authors: Pett Brogan L , Bailey Joseph J
Published: October 2019

Microendemic species are of great conservation concern due to their vulnerability to stochastic events and environmental change. Therefore, understanding the basic ecology of such organisms is integral to future efforts to conserve them. Here, we present the first ecological study of the only known population of Ocyale ghost Jocque & Jocqué 2017 – the single species within this genus in Madagascar – located at a small lake shore in the north‐west of the island. We aimed to reveal spatial patterns of microhabitat selection and patch occupancy in relation to environmental covariates, including distance to lake edge, topography and sand coverage. We found microhabitat selection to be strong in our occupancy models, with plots closer to the lake edge and with a higher proportion of sand showing the highest estimated occupancy. We suggest decreases in prey availability and changes in the physical characteristics of the substrate in relation to the distance from lake shore and sand availability (important for burrowing and temperature regulation), respectively, as potential factors behind occupancy. We discuss our findings in the context of the proportional underrepresentation of invertebrates in conservation research, which threatens the persistence of endemic and microendemic invertebrates in the face of significant global and local environmental change.
Allergic contact dermatitis in children and proposal for an Australian Paediatric Baseline Series
Authors: Felmingham Claire , Davenport Rachael , Bala Harini , Palmer Amanda , Nixon Rosemary
Published: October 2019

Background

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is an increasingly common diagnosis in children. The objectives of this study were to review our experience with ACD in children in tertiary settings, to ascertain the spectrum of allergens in this population and to subsequently propose the first Australian Paediatric Baseline Series for patch testing.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of patch test data from 1993 to 2017 from two tertiary referral patch‐testing centres in Melbourne, Victoria.

Results

A total of 511 children were patch tested during the study period. Of these, 58.3% (298/511) of children tested had a positive patch test, and 65.1% (194/298, or 38.0% of the total) had a relevant positive patch test. The most common relevant patch test reactions were fragrance mix, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) and methylisothiazolinone (MI), Myroxylon pereirae, nickel sulphate, and colophonium.

Conclusion

Allergic contact dermatitis is not uncommon in children, and patch testing should be considered in children with suspected ACD or with recalcitrant atopic dermatitis. Based on our experience over 25 years, we propose the first Australian Paediatric Baseline Series.
Effectiveness of nitrous oxide in external cephalic version on success rate: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dochez Vincent , Esbelin Julie , Misbert Emilie , Arthuis Chloé , Drouard Anne , Badon Virginie , Fenet Olivier , Thubert Thibault , Winer Norbert
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Approximately 4% of singleton pregnancies at term are in breech presentation. External cephalic version (ECV) can reduce the risks of noncephalic birth and cesarean delivery, but this maneuver can be painful. Our aim was to analyze the effect of administering inhaled nitrous oxide for analgesia on the ECV success rate.

Material and methods

This prospective, randomized, single‐blind, controlled trial included women with singleton pregnancies in breech presentation at term who were referred for ECV in a tertiary care center. Women were assigned according to a balanced (1:1) restricted randomization design to inhale either nitrous oxide (N2O) in a 50:50 mix with oxygen or medical air during the procedure. The main outcomes reported are the ECV success rate, degree of pain, adverse event rate, and women’s satisfaction. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01948115.

Results

The study included 150 women (nitrous oxide group: n = 74; medical air: n = 76). Inhaled nitrous oxide was not associated with a higher ECV success rate than medical air (24.3 vs 19.7%, P = 0.51). Among parous women (n = 34 in each group), the ECV success rate appeared higher in the nitrous oxide group, respectively 47.1% (n = 16) vs 23.5% (n = 8) (P = 0.042). Neither the median pain level nor adverse event rates differed significantly in women with inhaled nitrous oxide compared with medical air.

Conclusions

Use of an equimolar mixture of oxygen and nitrous oxide during ECV appears safe. Although it does not seem to change the overall success rate, it may increase success in parous women.
Peripheral facial nerve palsy in children in a Borrelia high‐endemic area, a retrospective follow‐up study
Authors: Arnason Sigurdur , Hultcrantz Malou , Nilsson Anna , Laestadius Åsa
Published: October 2019

Aim

To identify the incidence, aetiology and prognosis of acute peripheral facial nerve palsy (FNP) in children in the Borrelia high‐endemic region of Stockholm.

Methods

The present study identified children from 0 to 18 years of age who visited a paediatric emergency department for acute peripheral FNP during a 1‐year period from 2014 to 2015. Data were collected retrospectively. The Sunnybrook and House‐Brackmann facial grading systems were used to measure clinical outcome.

Results

A total of 77 children were identified with FNP, an estimated incidence of 30 per 100 000 children/year. Forty‐five children (58%) were diagnosed with neuroborreliosis, 28 (36%) with idiopathic FNP and four (6%) with other rarer causes. Neuroborreliosis was common from June to November and mainly seen in children below 10 years of age. Six patients (8%) had remaining symptoms at least 3 months after onset; three had idiopathic facial palsy (IFP) and were all older than 10 years, one had neuroborreliosis and two had other causes.

Conclusion

Neuroborreliosis and IFP were the major causes of FNP during the study period. Neuroborreliosis‐associated facial palsy had a seasonal variation and dominated in younger ages.
Pain assessment during eye examination for retinopathy of prematurity screening: Skin conductance versus PIPP‐R
Authors: Avila‐Alvarez Alejandro , Pertega‐Diaz Sonia , Vazquez Gomez Lorena , Sucasas Alonso Andrea , Romero Rey Henar , Eiriz Barbeito Dolores , Cabana Vazquez Montserrat
Published: October 2019

Aim

To assess changes in skin conductance during retinopathy of prematurity screening and to study the correlation between the skin conductance and a validated pain scale.

Methods

Prospective observational study. Fifty‐three eye examinations were performed in 32 preterm infant candidates for retinopathy of prematurity screening. Outcome measures were changes in Premature Infant Pain Profile‐Revised (PIPP‐R) scale and number of skin conductance fluctuations.

Results

There was a significant increase from baseline in the number of skin conductance fluctuations and PIPP‐R during the procedure. The maximum value of number of skin conductance fluctuations was 0.64 ± 0.44 peaks/sec, and the maximum value of PIPP‐R was 10.8 ± 3.3.

A correlation between the skin conductance and PIPP‐R was not found at any time during the eye examination. Repeated measures correlation analyses showed only a moderate positive correlation between PIPP‐R and number of skin conductance fluctuation values.

Conclusion

There were significant changes in both PIPP‐R and number of skin conductance fluctuations during retinopathy of prematurity screening, reaffirming that this procedure is painful and stressful. The number of skin conductance fluctuations and PIPP‐R are not significantly correlated, which likely reflects that these parameters evaluate different but complementary aspects of neonatal pain responses.
The continuing impact of capacity on a region's in utero transfer requests
Authors: Munthali Kalwa , Harrison Catherine
Published: October 2019

Aim

The Yorkshire and Humber operational delivery network (ODN) aims to ensure 85% of preterm babies are delivered in tertiary centres. Auditing in utero transfers provides key data for streamlining this process. Our study aimed to determine reasons and outcomes of in utero transfers as well as review the impact of staffing on capacity transfer requests.

Methods

All in utero transfer referrals between September 2014 and August 2015 were reviewed, and delivery outcome data were sought from the national data platform, Badgernet. ODN records provided cot occupancy and staffing data.

Results

A total of 479 referrals were made, and 379 transfers were completed. The majority of requests were due to reduced capacity which was linked to poor staffing levels (51.3%). Patients travelled significant distances, with a mean distance of 42.3 miles within network, and 70.3 miles, out of network. Despite the travel burden, only 35.1% of women delivered within 48 hours of transfer.

Conclusion

In utero transfers remain difficult and time‐consuming to facilitate. Neonatal staffing at referral units contributes significantly to the decision to transfer women. Challenges remain in predicting which women will deliver after an in utero transfer, as well as obtaining outcome data for these cases.
Evolutionary and cardio‐respiratory physiology of air‐breathing and amphibious fishes
Authors: Damsgaard Christian , Baliga Vikram B. , Bates Eric , Burggren Warren , McKenzie David J. , Taylor Edwin , Wright Patricia A.
Published: October 2019

Air‐breathing and amphibious fishes are essential study organisms to shed insight into the required physiological shifts that supported the full transition from aquatic water‐breathing fishes to terrestrial air‐breathing tetrapods. While the origin of air‐breathing in the evolutionary history of the tetrapods has received considerable focus, much less is known about the evolutionary physiology of air‐breathing among fishes. This review summarizes recent advances within the field with specific emphasis on the cardiorespiratory regulation associated with air‐breathing and terrestrial excursions, and how respiratory physiology of these living transitional forms are affected by development and personality. Finally, we provide a detailed and re‐evaluated model of the evolution of air‐breathing among fishes that serves as a framework for addressing new questions on the cardiorespiratory changes associated with it. This review highlights the importance of combining detailed studies on piscine air‐breathing model species with comparative multi‐species studies, to add an additional dimension to our understanding of the evolutionary physiology of air‐breathing in vertebrates.
Bacteremia and urogenital infection with Actinomyces urogenitalis following prolonged urinary retention
Authors: Holmgaard Dennis Back , Marina Djordje , Hansen Frank , Christensen Jens Jørgen
Published: October 2019

A case of bacteremia with the fastidious bacteria Actinomyces urogenitalis following lengthy urinary retention is reported in a sixty‐year‐old man. In 2013, the first case of bacteremia due to A. urogenitalis was presented, secondary to a tubo‐ovarian abscess following transvaginal oocyte retrieval. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first male bacteremic episode involving A. urogenitalis related to a urinary tract focus. The patient had no prior urogenital medical history. Extensive susceptibility testing was done on isolates from urinary and blood cultures. The organism exhibited fluoroquinolone resistance but was susceptible to most other antibiotics used in the treatment of urinary infections. Due to its unusual growth requirements infections with A. urogenitalis are most likely an underdiagnosed entity.
Legal pluralism at the beach: Public access, land use, and the struggle for the “coastal commons”
Authors: Hubbard Phil
Published: October 2019

The constantly shifting boundaries between land and sea pose fundamental challenges in resolving land‐use disputes at the coast. In the UK, these difficulties are compounded by the fact that multiple agencies and authorities are charged with managing the coastline. This means the coast is a space of legal plurality, subject to overlapping jurisdiction. This paper demonstrates the consequences of this with reference to Whitstable, on the north Kent coast, where customary law and established (“as of right”) use is clashing with private property rights concerning the ownership of, and access to, a town beach. Noting that the legal authorities are struggling to reconcile these different rights claims, the paper concludes that the effective resolution of land‐use conflicts on a changing coastline demands legal pliability and, ideally, a reduction in the overall number of organisations responsible for the regulation of the “coastal commons.”
Trans experiences of a university campus in northern England
Authors: Mearns Graeme W. , Bonner‐Thompson Carl , Hopkins Peter
Published: October 2019

The spatial experiences of transgender and gender non‐conforming (“trans”) people continue to occupy the margins of geography, especially compared to the amount of work centred on lesbian and gay lives. Though research on trans geographies in educational and health settings is expanding, most literatures stem from the USA. This paper shares findings from a study about the experiences of trans people who study and/or work on a specific university campus in northern England. Our findings demonstrate how particular spaces of the campus are generative of interactions which enable micro‐aggressions and misrecognition.
β‐LAPachone ameliorates doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity via regulating autophagy and Nrf2 signalling pathways in mice
Authors: Nazari Soltan Ahmad Saeed , Sanajou Davoud , Kalantary‐Charvadeh Ashkan , Hosseini Vahid , Roshangar Leila , Khojastehfard Mehran , Haiaty Sanya , Mesgari‐Abbasi Mehran
Published: October 2019

β‐LAPachone (B‐LAP) is a naphthoquinone that possesses antioxidant properties. In the present investigation, the protective effect of B‐LAP against doxorubicin (DOX)‐induced cardiotoxicity was examined in mice. Thirty‐five mice were divided into 5 groups: control group, B‐LAP (5 mg/kg) group, DOX (15 mg/kg) group, DOX+B‐LAP (2.5 mg/kg) group and DOX+B‐LAP (5 mg/kg) group. B‐LAP was administered orally for 14 days of experimental period. A single dose of DOX (15 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally on day 3. Cardiac function, histoarchitecture, indices of oxidative stress and circulating markers of cardiac injury were examined. B‐LAP (5 mg/kg) decreased serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase MB (CK‐MB) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and ameliorated cardiac histopathological alterations. In addition to increasing cellular NAD+/NADH ratio, B‐LAP up‐regulated the cardiac levels of SIRT1, beclin‐1, p‐LKB1 and p‐AMPK, and reduced the cardiac levels of p‐mTOR, interleukin (IL)‐1β, TNF (tumour necrosis factor)‐α and caspase‐3. B‐LAP also elevated the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and simultaneously up‐regulated the protein levels of haem oxygenase (HO‐1) and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) in the hearts of DOX mice. While B‐LAP reduced malondialdehyde concentrations in heart of DOX‐treated mice, it further promoted the activities of cardiac superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT).In accordance with increased cell survival, B‐LAP significantly improved the cardiac function of DOX mice. Collectively, these findings underline the protective potential of B‐LAP against DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity by regulating autophagy and AMPK/Nrf2 signalling pathway in mice.
Mood spectrum symptoms during a major depressive episode: Differences between 145 patients with bipolar disorder and 155 patients with major depressive disorder. Arguments for a dimensional approach
Authors: Cuomo Alessandro , Aguglia Andrea , Aguglia Eugenio , Bolognesi Simone , Goracci Arianna , Maina Giuseppe , Mineo Ludovico , Rucci Paola , Sillari Silvia , Fagiolini Andrea
Published: October 2019

Background

Several studies have challenged the traditional unipolar‐bipolar dichotomy in favor of a more dimensional approach.

Objective

To evaluate the differences in mood spectrum between patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) during a major depressive episode (MDE).

Method

Study participants were 145 patients with BD and 155 patients with MDD recruited at three University Medical Centers in Italy. All study subjects met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) criteria for MDE and completed the Mood Spectrum‐Self‐Report‐Last Month questionnaire.

Results

Patients with BD endorsed more items in the mood manic/hypomanic and energy depressive subdomains of the MOODS‐SR questionnaire. Significant differences were also found for specific depressive and manic items, which were more frequently endorsed by patients with BD. A large number of patients with BD, but also a considerable number of patients with MDD, endorsed manic items during a depressive episode.

Conclusions

There are differences between BD and MDD in terms of the number and type of mood spectrum items that are endorsed during a MDE, which may help to identify patients with BD when a retrospective assessment of a history of mania or hypomania is not possible or not reliable. A high number of patients with BD and a considerable number of patients with MDD endorsed several items in the manic section of the mood, energy, and cognition domains, this confirming the centrality of mixed features in patients with mood disorders and the need for a unitary, dimensional, descriptive and dynamic approach to MDD and BD, such as the recently proposed ACE (Activity, Cognition, Energy) model.
Elevational filtering and the evolution of planthoppers (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Chatelain Paul , Le Cesne Maxime , Elias Marianne , Guilbert Eric , Soulier‐Perkins Adeline
Published: October 2019

Along elevational gradients, phylogenetic relatedness patterns constitute a considerable source of information and may shed light on ecological processes that structure communities. This study focuses on community phylogenetic structure of planthoppers, specifically the species‐rich and abundant Fulgoromorpha families (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha), Cixiidae and Derbidae + Achilidae, along an elevational gradient on Mount Wilhelm (Papua New Guinea). In order to assess the factors driving planthoppers community composition, we recorded abundance data for planthoppers species at each elevation and we generated a molecular phylogeny of the local species, using Bayesian inference. We analyzed 168 individuals representing 59 local morphospecies. Using a fully resolved and well‐supported phylogeny, we then investigated the phylogenetic structure of the communities by performing a Spatial Analysis of Community Diversity. We show that Cixiidae are phylogenetically clustered along the elevational gradient, whereas Derbidae + Achilidae harbor a random structure, suggesting that local adaptation to elevation shapes community structure of Cixiidae, but not that of Derbidae + Achilidae. Our findings highlight the importance of phylogenies in the study of tropical elevational gradients.
Sex‐mismatch influence on survival after heart transplantation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Ayesta Ana , Urrútia Gerard , Madrid Eva , Vernooij Robin W.M. , Vicent Lourdes , Martínez‐Sellés Manuel
Published: October 2019

Introduction and objectives

Heart transplantation (HT) is the treatment for patients with end‐stage heart disease. Despite contradictory reports, survival seems to be worse when donor/recipient sex is mismatched. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to synthesize the evidence on the effect of donor/recipient sex mismatch after HT.

Methods

We searched PubMed and EMBASE until November 2017. Comparative cohort and registry studies were included. Published articles were systematically selected and, when possible, pooled in a meta‐analysis. The primary endpoint was one‐year mortality.

Results

After retrieving 556 articles, ten studies (76 175 patients) were included in the quantitative meta‐analysis. Significant differences were found in one‐year survival between sex‐matched and mismatched recipients (odds ratio (OR) 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25‐1.35, P < .001). In female recipients, we found that sex mismatch was not a risk factor for one‐year mortality (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.85‐1.00, P = .06). However, in male recipients, we found that it was a risk factor for one‐year mortality (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.31‐1.44, P < .001).

Conclusions

Sex mismatch increases one‐year mortality after HT in male recipients. Its influence in long‐term survival should be further explored with high‐quality studies.
The association of acute rejection vs recurrent glomerular disease with graft outcomes after kidney transplantation
Authors: Singh Tripti , Astor Brad C. , Zhong Weixiong , Mandelbrot Didier A. , Maursetter Laura , Panzer Sarah E.
Published: October 2019

Background

It has been shown that glomerulonephritis (GN) recurrence affects graft survival more than acute rejection. Thus, we assessed allograft survival after biopsy‐confirmed diagnosis of acute rejection or recurrent GN in current era of immunosuppression.

Methods

Allograft survival following a biopsy diagnosis of acute rejection or recurrent GN was determined in adult kidney transplant recipients from 1994 to 2013. A total of 306 patients (35%) with IgA, 298 (35%) with FSGS, 177 (21%) with lupus nephritis, and 81 (9%) with membranous nephropathy were followed for a median of 6.3 years.

Results

Among the 862 transplant recipients with primary GN, allograft loss was similar following a biopsy diagnosis of acute rejection or recurrent glomerular disease (11.5 vs 14.2/100 person‐years, P = .15). Differences in allograft survival emerged after 2.5 years following recurrent disease, with significantly higher graft failure in patients with FSGS, MN, or LN compared with IgA after recurrence of disease (16.7 vs 7.5/100 person‐years, P = .05). The advantage in allograft survival for IgA patients did not achieve significance after acute rejection (P = .10 for IgA vs FSGS, MN, and LN).

Conclusions

Allograft survival was similar after disease recurrence or acute rejection after kidney transplant in patients with ESRD due to GN.
Laryngeal cytology: A cytological, histological, P16 and human papillomavirus study
Authors: Demirel Dilaver , Erkul Evren , Güngör Atila , Çekin Engin , Ramzy Ibrahim
Published: October 2019

Background

Invasive diagnostic methods, such as punch biopsies, have a potential to produce undesirable side effects in the larynx, such as scarring and vocal dysfunction. This study is an attempt to assess the diagnostic potential of cytology to efficiently diagnose premalignant and malignant laryngeal lesions, while sparing patients the risk of complications of punch biopsies.

Methods

Laryngeal smears, using endocervical‐type brushes, and punch biopsies were procured from each patient. Smears were prepared and the brush was cut and put in Surepath preservative solution for cytological analysis and human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing. A Real‐TM Quant kit that detects 14 HPV types was used for genotyping. Immunohistochemical staining for p16 was performed on cytological and histological specimens.

Results

Cytological diagnosis was correct in 84.6%, 100% and 100% of cases with a histological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinomas, high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and benign lesions, respectively. However, cytological interpretation was correct only in 25% of low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. HPV DNA test was positive in only one case, which was a laryngeal polyp. Testing for p16 was negative in all the cytological and histological material.

Conclusion

Laryngeal cytology is a useful diagnostic tool in establishing the diagnosis of high‐grade squamous epithelial cell abnormalities. Recognition of low‐grade lesions, however, is challenging. HPV genotyping and p16 staining do not seem to be helpful ancillary techniques in cytological material procured from the larynx.
Endoscopic prediction of advanced histology in colorectal lesions sized <10 mm using the Japan Narrow‐band imaging Expert Team classification
Authors: Murano Tatsuro , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Shinmura Kensuke , Ito Renma , Minamide Tatsunori , Sato Daiki , Yamamoto Yoichi , Takashima Kenji , Kadota Tomohiro , Yoda Yusuke , Hori Keisuke , Oono Yasuhiro , Yano Tomonori
Published: October 2019

Background and Aim

Endoscopic diagnosis of advanced histology in colorectal lesions sized <10 mm is essential for appropriate selection of resection methods. The Japan Narrow‐band imaging Expert Team (JNET) classification has been recently validated for the evaluation of colorectal lesions. Our objective was to investigate the diagnostic value of the JNET classification for advanced histology in colorectal lesions sized <10 mm.

Methods

We enrolled 680 patients with 1472 colorectal lesions sized <10 mm diagnosed according to the JNET classification and who subsequently underwent endoscopic or surgical resection between January and December 2017. We retrospectively examined the relationship between the JNET findings and pathological histology. Multivariate analysis was carried out to assess the predictive power of the JNET findings and clinical characteristics of lesions.

Results

Advanced histology was present in 29 (2.0%) lesions. Advanced histology was absent in 68 lesions diagnosed as JNET type 1, whereas 1389 lesions diagnosed as JNET type 2A included 19 lesions of advanced histology (1.4%) with high‐grade dysplasia alone. Eleven lesions diagnosed as JNET type 2B comprised eight lesions of advanced histology (72.7%) with four high‐grade dysplasia and four submucosal invasive cancer, and two lesions diagnosed as JNET type 3 were submucosal invasive cancer. Multivariate analysis showed that JNET type 2B + 3 was a stronger predictive factor for advanced histology than other clinical risk factors.

Conclusion

Narrow‐band imaging with magnification according to the JNET classification may be a useful modality for identification of advanced histology in colorectal lesions sized <10 mm.
Long‐term efficacy of add‐on stiripentol treatment in children, adolescents, and young adults with refractory epilepsies: A single center prospective observational study
Authors: Rosati Anna , Boncristiano Alessandra , Doccini Viola , Pugi Alessandra , Pisano Tiziana , Lenge Matteo , De Masi Salvatore , Guerrini Renzo
Published: October 2019

Objective

To assess the long‐term efficacy and tolerability of stiripentol (STP) as an adjunctive treatment in different forms of refractory epilepsies.

Methods

The medical records of all individuals consecutively treated with STP as add‐on therapy for refractory epilepsies, irrespective of their being focal, generalized, or both, and followed at Meyer Children's Hospital between January 2007 and May 2018, were reviewed. The drug scheme administration consisted of a starting dose of STP of 10‐15 mg/kg/d with increments every week, up to a maximum of 50 mg/kg/d, based on both age and weight. Etiology of epilepsy was codified as structural, genetic, infectious, immune, metabolic, and unknown. Responders were defined as patients who achieved a seizure frequency reduction of ≥50%. Retention rate was defined as the probability of continuing STP without additional therapy. Tolerability was assessed by reporting adverse events.

Results

A total of 132 individuals aged from 5 months to 43 years received add‐on STP, including 30 patients with Dravet syndrome (DS). The median follow‐up was 14.8 months (range = 4 months‐18 years, interquartile range = 25.72). Twenty‐nine individuals (22%) received more than two antiepileptic drugs. Benzodiazepines, mainly clobazam, were the most commonly used add‐on drugs. Sixty‐six patients (50%) were responders, and 13 of them (9.8%) were seizure‐free. Responder rate was higher in the genetic etiology group (57%), especially in DS (18/30; 60%), and in patients with refractory focal onset epilepsy without bilateral tonic‐clonic seizures (5/15; 33%). The median relapse‐free survival was 27 months in the 66 responders. The median time to STP failure was 24.6 months in all 132 individuals.

Significance

This study confirms the long‐term efficacy of add‐on STP treatment in patients with different types of refractory epilepsies, including focal onset epilepsy without bilateral tonic‐clonic seizures. Further confirmations based on prospectively designed studies are required to confirm STP efficacy in focal epilepsy.
Genomic assessment of local adaptation in dwarf birch to inform assisted gene flow
Authors: Borrell James S. , Zohren Jasmin , Nichols Richard A. , Buggs Richard J. A.
Published: October 2019

When populations of a rare species are small, isolated and declining under climate change, some populations may become locally maladapted. Detecting this maladaptation may allow effective rapid conservation interventions, even if based on incomplete knowledge. Population maladaptation may be estimated by finding genome–environment associations (GEA) between allele frequencies and environmental variables across a local species range, and identifying populations whose allele frequencies do not fit with these trends. We can then design assisted gene flow strategies for maladapted populations, to adjust their allele frequencies, entailing lower levels of intervention than with undirected conservation action. Here, we investigate this strategy in Scottish populations of the montane plant dwarf birch (Betula nana). In genome‐wide restriction site‐associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data, we found 267 significant associations between SNP loci and environmental variables. We ranked populations by maladaptation estimated using allele frequency deviation from the general trends at these loci; this gave a different prioritization for conservation action than the Shapely Index, which seeks to preserve rare neutral variation. Populations estimated to be maladapted in their allele frequencies at loci associated with annual mean temperature were found to have reduced catkin production. Using an environmental niche modelling (ENM) approach, we found annual mean temperature (35%), and mean diurnal range (15%), to be important predictors of the dwarf birch distribution. Intriguingly, there was a significant correlation between the number of loci associated with each environmental variable in the GEA and the importance of that variable in the ENM. Together, these results suggest that the same environmental variables determine both adaptive genetic variation and species range in Scottish dwarf birch. We suggest an assisted gene flow strategy that aims to maximize the local adaptation of dwarf birch populations under climate change by matching allele frequencies to current and future environments.
SERPINB2 and miR‐146a/b are coordinately regulated and act in the suppression of psoriasis‐associated inflammatory responses in keratinocytes
Authors: Vaher Helen , Kivihall Anet , Runnel Toomas , Raam Liisi , Prans Ele , Maslovskaja Julia , Abram Kristi , Kaldvee Bret , Mrowietz Ulrich , Weidinger Stephan , Kingo Külli , Rebane Ana
Published: October 2019

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with numerous involved factors. miR‐146a and miR‐146b (miR‐146a/b) are anti‐inflammatory miRNAs that are increased in psoriatic skin. SERPINB2 has been shown to be upregulated in the inflammation and infections. Here we aimed to study the relationship between miR‐146a/b and SERPINB2 and to delineate the role of SERPINB2 in association of plaque psoriasis. We report increased SERPINB2 expression in the skin of psoriasis patients, which was in a positive relationship with psoriasis severity and in a negative relationship with miR‐146a/b in psoriatic lesions. In cultured keratinocytes, both cellular and secreted SERPINB2 levels were strongly induced in response to IFN‐γ and TNF‐α. Interestingly, SERPINB2 mRNA was downregulated by IL‐17A and the combination of TNF‐α and IL‐17A at time points when miR‐146a was increased. The predicted binding site for miR‐146a/b in 3’ untranslated region of SERPINB2 revealed no activity in luciferase assay, while siRNA silencing of miR‐146a/b direct targets IRAK1 and CARD10 resulted in reduced expression of SERPINB2, suggesting that miR‐146a/b indirectly control SERPINB2 expression in the skin. The siRNA silencing of SERPINB2 increased the expression of IL‐8, CXCL5 and CCL5 and migration of neutrophils revealing its anti‐inflammatory role in keratinocytes. Our data together suggest that SERPINB2 and miR‐146a/b are part of disease‐related network of molecules that are coordinately regulated and act in controlling the inflammatory responses in psoriatic skin.
NLRP inflammasomes and induced skin inflammation, barrier recovery and extended skin hydration
Authors: Gruber J. V. , Stojkoska V.
Published: October 2019

Objective

In vitro assays were designed to examine the release of active Caspase‐1 (ACasp‐1) from NLRP inflammasome‐activated Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes (NHEK) employing a bioluminescent assay specific for measuring inflammasome‐induced ACasp‐1 expression.

Methods

Four anticipated exogenous activators of the NLRP inflammasome including: UVB, ATP, Nigericin and Urban Dust were examined. Follow‐up studies examined the influence of extracellular application of three different natural blends of known anti‐inflammatories, one a polysaccharide blend and the other two antioxidant blends, one oil‐soluble the other water‐soluble, to examine ACasp‐1 inhibition. Clinical work using the same blend of polysaccharides employed at 3% in a moisturizing formulation was examined for skin barrier recovery, measured with TEWL over a 60‐h time frame after tape stripping on 10 individuals, and extended moisturization, measured using corneometer conductance after a single product application out through a 48‐h regression on 10 individuals.

Results

In vitro results indicated that two exogenous activators, 60 mJ cm−2 UVB and 5 mM ATP, worked to upregulate expression of ACasp‐1 within a 20‐h timeframe. Additional studies were conducted to examine the influence of three extracellularly applied active ingredient blends. A blend of polysaccharides demonstrated potential to inhibit ACasp‐1 expression in both UVB‐ and ATP‐activated skin cells. Oil‐soluble and water‐soluble antioxidant blends inhibited ACasp‐1 expression in UVB‐activated keratinocytes but not ATP‐activated keratinocytes. Barrier disruption studies indicated that 3% of the polysaccharide blend accelerated barrier recovery in a 60‐h time frame as measured by TEWL. Skin hydration studies showed an ability for the polysaccharide blend to show significant improvements in skin hydration out to 48 h after a single application vs. a moisturizing placebo.

Conclusions

The role of the skin’s innate immune response, controlled by NLRP inflammasomes, is beginning to be linked to numerous skin conditions including inflammaging. In this work, it was found that: (i) an in vitro assay could activate NHEKs to express NLRP inflammasome‐induced ACasp‐1 expression, (ii) Ingredient blends inhibited UVB and ATP‐induced NLRP inflammasome‐induced ACasp‐1 expression, and (iii) skin barrier disruption improvements and extended skin hydration could be achieved with 3% of the polysaccharide blend.
Influence of polarization, reorientation, and coupling of dipole on electrocaloric effect in ferroelectrics
Authors: Chen Yong , Chen Ye , Du Yike , Liu Kanghui , Qin Lu , Jiang Chaobin , Cao Wanqiang , Zhao Jiang , Wang Wenfeng
Published: October 2019

Electrocaloric effects due to entropy change and dipole coupling upon electric field in second‐order phase transition (tetragonal‐cubic) ferroelectrics are investigated by a three‐dimensional Devonshire's theory and statistic method. In diabatic condition, increase in vibration entropy to heat the ferroelectric is due to decreases in polarization entropy and configuration entropy of dipole reorientation in the specific directions. Coupling effect originated from the reorientation of dipoles accompany with electric hysteresis loop happens in the nearest neighbor dipoles parallel to electric field direction. Numerical simulations exhibit that polarization effect causes electrocaloric peak at the Curie's temperature independent of electric field, reorientation effect of dipole causes a shift of electrocaloric peak to high temperature with electric field, and coupling effect between dipoles gives rise to increase in electrocaloric effect with decreasing temperature. A method to predetermine the excellent electrocaloric effect of ferroelectrics from dielectric and/or polarization experimental results is proposed.
Nanowire‐decorated SiC foam from tissue paper and silicon powder by filter‐pressing
Authors: Wilson Praveen , Vijayan Sujith , Prabhakaran Kuttan
Published: October 2019

A facile and scalable method for the preparation of low‐density SiC foam from tissue paper and silicon powder is reported. The co‐dispersion of pulp‐containing tissue paper micro‐ribbons and silicon powder is coagulated by adjusting the pH to 3.5. The silicon particles adhere to the tissue paper micro‐ribbons during the coagulation. The coagulated co‐dispersion on filter‐pressing consolidates the silicon particle‐decorated tissue paper micro‐ribbons and orients them perpendicular to the filter‐pressing direction. The filter‐pressed body on drying followed by heat treatment at 1600°C in inert atmosphere produces SiC foam. The tissue paper micro‐ribbons retain their morphology during carbonization as well as high‐temperature reaction with the silicon. The enormous growth of carbon‐rich SiC nanowires is observed on the SiC micro‐ribbons. The random orientation of SiC micro‐ribbons in the X‐Y plane with the hairy nanowires on the surface and their stacking in the Z‐direction produces a porosity of ~94 vol.% with pore sizes in the range of 0.08 to 20 µm. The SiC foam shows a compressive strength and Young's modulus of 0.22 and 5.5 MPa, respectively. The thermal conductivity decreases from 0.11 to 0.07 W m−1 K−1 when temperature increases from 25°C to 350°C.
Balancing health, harmony and hegemony: Parents' goals and strategies in children's food related consumer socialization
Authors: Grønhøj Alice , Gram Malene
Published: October 2019

Parents play a pivotal role in socializing their children for healthy eating. The objectives of the present study were (1) to identify food socialization outcomes valued by parents, and (2) to study how parents socialize their children for (healthy) eating at home and during food shopping. Including both parents' perceptions of valued food socialization outcomes and associated processes addresses a significant gap in the food socialization literature. The study used semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews with parents of young children. Data were subsequently analysed by interpretive, thematic procedures. The sample consisted of middle‐ to high‐income families from two cities in Denmark. Findings reveal four main food socialization goals valued by parents: (1) Nutrition and Health, (2) Healthy Relationship with Food, (3) Food Assimilation and (4) Self‐Regulation and Autonomy. Parents prioritized children's acquisition of a healthy relationship with food which included preserving family relations and harmony, more than strictly attending a nutritious diet, contrasting the focus on the nutritional value of diet usually emphasised by public health authorities. The study therefore concludes that parents' notions of what constitutes healthy diets for their children is not completely aligned with common nutrition‐oriented recommendations. Also, fathers were found to play a very active role in their children's food‐related consumer socialization. The findings underline the importance of addressing the priorities and strategies of both mothers and fathers when marketers and policy makers target contemporary families regarding children's food socialization.
Dietary and metabolic factors in the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa: a systematic review
Authors: Choi Franchesca , Lehmer Larisa , Ekelem Chloe , Mesinkovska Natasha A.
Published: October 2019

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a systemic recalcitrant inflammatory condition characterized by debilitating lesions with high morbidity. Its known association with obesity and smoking indicate correlation with other environmental factors, such as diet, suggesting a larger role for lifestyle modifications in disease treatment. This study seeks to assess the contribution of weight loss and dietary intake in HS management. A primary literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL in November 2018 to include association and intervention studies on the influence of diet and weight on HS. Twenty‐five articles were included. Meta‐analysis of nine case–control studies across Asia, Europe, and the United States showed that HS patients are four times more likely to be obese compared to the general population; random effects pooled odds ratio 4.022 (2.667–6.065), P < 0.001. Five articles assessed weight‐loss interventions and revealed mixed findings. The remaining articles included three association studies on micronutrient levels, eight dietary intervention studies, and one article analyzing both micronutrient association and dietary intervention. Included articles in this systematic review reveal that low serum zinc and vitamin D levels are associated with increased lesion count in HS. Supplementation of zinc, vitamin D, vitamin B12, or exclusion of dairy or brewer’s yeast can be effective in partial or complete lesion resolution. Reviewed data show that weight loss from bariatric surgery may lead to HS improvement but often results in more severe malnutrition that worsens or even leads to new onset HS post bariatric surgery. Future reporting is needed to conclusively determine the role of diet in HS.
Epidemiology, clinical features, and associated factors in 78 cases of lichen planus on black skin
Authors: Diop Assane , Ly Fatimata , Ndiaye Mame Tene , Seck Birame , El Omari Amal , Diouf Astou , Tajaoui Myriam , Diadie Saer , Ahy Diatta Boubacar , Ndiaye Maodo , Diallo Moussa , Niang Suzanne , Kane Assane , Thierno Dieng Mame
Published: October 2019

Background

The pathogenesis of lichen planus (LP) is mostly autoimmune, while psychological and infectious factors are recognized to trigger or aggravate the disease. An association with diabetes is reported. Our objective was to determine the epidemio‐clinical characteristics of LP and its associated factors.

Methods

This multicentric, prospective study was conducted over a 6‐month period. The histopathology was only performed for atypical forms. Patients with a notion of drug intake before the rash were excluded. Anti‐hepatitis C Virus (HCV) antibodies screening was systematical in case of mucosal damage. The data were analyzed using the SPSS IBM 20 software.

Results

The average age was 38 years. Women represented 84.6% (n = 66) of the studied population. The patients were married in 61.5%. Obesity or overweight status was noted in 41%. A marital or relational conflict was found in 25.6%. History of LP was reported in 24.4% (n = 19). Pruritus was found in 96.2%. The locations were as follows: skin (97.4%), mucous membranes (15.4%), and hair and nails (5.1%). Lesions were diffuse in 56.4%. The clinical forms were as follows: typical (52.6%), erythematosquamous (17%), warty (14.5%), pigmented (14.5%), and blaschkolinear (one case). Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of LP in 91.4%. Blood sugar level was high in one case. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was positive in 3.03%. Anti‐HIV and anti‐HCV antibodies were negative.

Conclusion

Lichen planus is a relatively rare disease in sub‐Saharan Africa and is seen more in adults. The clinical manifestations are polymorphic, but the mucosal damage is rarely isolated.
Effects of high pressure on biochemical properties and structure of myofibrillar protein from Tegillarca granosa
Authors: Lv Mingchun , Tan Beibei , Yang Rong , Xu Anqi , Zhang Jinjie , Xu Dalun , Yang Wenge
Published: October 2019

The effects of high‐pressure (HP) treatment parameters (300 MPa for 5 min, 350 MPa for 3 or 5 min and 400 MPa for 1 min) on the biochemical properties and structure of myofibrillar protein (MP) from Tegillarca granosa were investigated. The results showed that HP significantly affected the biochemical properties of MP. Under the HP treatment at 400 MPa for 1 min, the MP extraction yield was reduced from 32.21 to 18.34 mg g−1, and its surface hydrophobicity was increased from 89.29 to 104.69 µg. Ca2+‐ATPase activity of MP decreased from 0.019 to 0.011 µmol (pi) mg−1 (pro) min−1, and both total and reactive sulfhydryl contents significantly declined. Furthermore, HP caused MP to undergo conformational changes. This study provides a reference data for the processing of T. granosa using HP treatment.
Vaccine protection against murid herpesvirus‐4 is maintained when the priming virus lacks known latency genes
Authors: Lawler Clara , Simas João Pedro , Stevenson Philip G
Published: October 2019

γ‐Herpesviruses establish latent infections of lymphocytes and drive their proliferation, causing cancers and motivating a search for vaccines. Effective vaccination against murid herpesvirus‐4 (MuHV‐4)‐driven lymphoproliferation by latency‐impaired mutant viruses suggests that lytic access to the latency reservoir is a viable target for control. However, the vaccines retained the immunogenic MuHV‐4 M2 latency gene. Here, a strong reduction in challenge virus load was maintained when the challenge virus lacked the main latency‐associated CD8+ T‐cell epitope of M2, or when the vaccine virus lacked M2 entirely. This protection was maintained also when the vaccine virus lacked both episome maintenance and the genomic region encompassing M1, M2, M3, M4 and ORF4. Therefore, protection did not require immunity to known MuHV‐4 latency genes. As the remaining vaccine virus genes have clear homologs in human γ‐herpesviruses, this approach of deleting viral latency genes could also be applied to them, to generate safe and effective vaccines against human disease.