bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Computational Algorithms for the Classification of Liver Cancer using SELDI Mass Spectrometry: A Case Study
Authors: Shen Changyu , Breen Timothy E , Dobrolecki Lacey E , Schmidt C. Max , Sledge George W. , Miller Kathy D. , Hickey Robert J
Published: October 2017

Introduction

As an alternative to DNA microarrays, mass spectrometry based analysis of proteomic patterns has shown great potential in cancer diagnosis. The ultimate application of this technique in clinical settings relies on the advancement of the technology itself and the maturity of the computational tools used to analyze the data. A number of computational algorithms constructed on different principles are available for the classification of disease status based on proteomic patterns. Nevertheless, few studies have addressed the difference in the performance of these approaches. In this report, we describe a comparative case study on the classification accuracy of hepatocellular carcinoma based on the serum proteomic pattern generated from a Surface Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization (SELDI) mass spectrometer.

Methods

Nine supervised classification algorithms are implemented in R software and compared for the classification accuracy.

Results

We found that the support vector machine with radial function is preferable as a tool for classification of hepatocellular carcinoma using features in SELDI mass spectra. Among the rest of the methods, random forest and prediction analysis of microarrays have better performance. A permutation-based technique reveals that the support vector machine with a radial function seems intrinsically superior in learning from the training data since it has a lower prediction error than others when there is essentially no differential signal. On the other hand, the performance of the random forest and prediction analysis of microarrays rely on their capability of capturing the signals with substantial differentiation between groups.

Conclusions

Our finding is similar to a previous study, where classification methods based on the Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry are compared for the prediction accuracy of ovarian cancer. The support vector machine, random forest and prediction analysis of microarrays provide better prediction accuracy for hepatocellular carcinoma using SELDI proteomic data than six other approaches.
Analysis of Gene Expression Data Using BRB-Array Tools
Authors: Simon Richard , Lam Amy , Li Ming-Chung , Ngan Michael , Menenzes Supriya , Zhao Yingdong
Published: October 2017

BRB-ArrayTools is an integrated software system for the comprehensive analysis of DNA microarray experiments. It was developed by professional biostatisticians experienced in the design and analysis of DNA microarray studies and incorporates methods developed by leading statistical laboratories. The software is designed for use by biomedical scientists who wish to have access to state-of-the-art statistical methods for the analysis of gene expression data and to receive training in the statistical analysis of high dimensional data. The software provides the most extensive set of tools available for predictive classifier development and complete cross-validation. It offers extensive links to genomic websites for gene annotation and analysis tools for pathway analysis. An archive of over 100 datasets of published microarray data with associated clinical data is provided and BRB-ArrayTools automatically imports data from the Gene Expression Omnibus public archive at the National Center for Biotechnology Information.
Involvement of Immune Regulation in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Spagnuolo Gabrielle , Piavis Aaron , Williams Tyisha
Published: October 2017

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by neuroinflammation and demyelination that results in axon loss. Multiple sclerosis has been shown to be the result of an autoimmune response caused by a mixture of genetic and environmental factors. Dendritic cells are prominent antigen-presenting cells that interact with various molecules to regulate the immune system. The dysfunction of various features of immune regulation, including interleukins (ILs), CD4+ T cells, and suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS1), has been implicated in the pathogenesis of MS. T cells, particularly through the malfunction of B7-costimulatory pathways, have been shown to affect the progression of the disease. SOCS1 is important in regulating the function of T cells through its interactions with other nearby genes, especially CLEC16A, with abnormal decreases in SOCS1 expression leading to the exhibition of MS symptoms. The activation of IL-23 receptors on CD4+ T cells is pivotal to their differentiation into pathogenic TH17 cells. Several promising compounds that downregulate gene expression of IL-23 and IL-23R have been discovered but require further investigation for efficacy and safety. Given their role in the severity and progression of MS, therapies that decrease these dysregulations may ultimately decrease symptoms and in turn improve patients’ quality of life.
Association between urban green space and self-reported lifestyle-related disorders in Oslo, Norway
Authors: Ihlebæk Camilla , Aamodt Geir , Aradi Renata , Claussen Bjørgulf , Thorén Kine Halvorsen
Published: October 2017

Aims: The need for studies from more countries on the relationship between urban green space and health has been emphasized. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between two types of measurement of urban green space and self-reported lifestyle-related disorders in Oslo, Norway. Methods: Self-reported measures on mental disorders, asthma, type 2 diabetes and musculoskeletal pain of 8638 participants in the Oslo Health Study (HUBRO) were linked to two types of green space variables: the vegetation cover greenness derived from satellite data, which shows the city’s vegetation cover regardless of property boundaries, and the land use greenness derived from municipal plans showing information about publicly accessible vegetation-covered areas. Associations between greenness and health measures were analysed by logistic regression models controlling for possible individual and contextual confounders. Results: Increasing vegetation cover greenness was associated with fewer self-reported mental disorders for both men and women after controlling for possible confounders. The proportion of women who reported high levels of musculoskeletal pain increased with increasing degrees of both of the greenness measurements, but no significant association was observed for men. No association was found for asthma and diabetes type 2 for either men or women. Conclusions: Although there was a positive association between vegetation cover greenness and self-reported mental disorders, the main findings showed mixed results. The lack of clear associations between urban green space and lifestyle-related health disorders in Oslo might have been influenced by a large proportion of the inhabitants having easy access to green areas.
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Beneficial Effects on Comorbidities in Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Kaushik Vinod , Smith Sarah Toombs , Mikobi Emmanuel , Raji Mukaila A.
Published: October 2017

Elderly patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other dementias are at high risk of polypharmacy and excessive polypharmacy for common coexisting medical conditions. Polypharmacy increases the risk of drug–drug and drug–disease interactions in these patients who may not be able to communicate early symptoms of adverse drug events. Three acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (ACHEIs) have been approved for AD: donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne). They are also used off-label for other causes of dementia such as Lewy body and vascular dementia. We here report evidence from the literature that ACHEI treatment, prescribed for cognitive impairment, can reduce the load of medications in patients with AD by also addressing cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and other comorbidities. Using one drug to address multiple symptoms can reduce costs and improve medication compliance.
The Evaluation of Foot Rockers on the Kinematic Parameters of Individuals With Diabetes
Authors: Karimi Mohammad Taghi
Published: October 2017

Background: A variety of shoe modifications have been used to reduce the forces applied on the plantar surface of the foot in those with diabetes. Toe and heel rockers are 2 of the most common types used. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of these shoe modifications on the kinematics of both normal and diabetic individuals. Method: Two groups of healthy and diabetic individuals were recruited for this study. The Qualysis motion analysis system was used to record the motions of participants while walking with shoes with toe and a combination of toe and heel rockers (combined). The effects of the type of rockers used and the effect of groups were determined using MANOVA. Results: Results of the study demonstrated no discernible difference between the spatiotemporal and range of motion of the ankle, knee, and hip joints while walking with a toe and combined rockers. There was also no difference between healthy and diabetic individuals in relation to these parameters (P value >.05). Conclusion: Results of this study demonstrated no difference between the spatiotemporal and range of motion of lower-limb joints in healthy and diabetic individuals when walking with toe and combined rockers. Because the use of these rockers did not influence the kinematics of the joints while walking, it is recommended that they be used for this group of individuals if they influence the forces applied on the foot.

Levels of Evidence: Level IV
Dissemination and Implementation Strategies of Lower Extremity Preventive Training Programs in Youth: A Clinical Review
Authors: DiStefano Lindsay J. , Frank Barnett S. , Root Hayley J. , Padua Darin A.
Published: October 2017

Context:

Neuromuscular preventive training programs effectively reduce injury and improve performance in youth athletes. However, program effectiveness is directly linked to program compliance, fidelity, and dosage. Preventive training programs are not widely adopted by youth sport coaches. One way to promote widespread dissemination and compliance is to identify implementation strategies that influence program adoption and maintenance. It is unknown how previously published programs have followed the elements of an implementation framework. The objective of this review was to evaluate how elements of the 7 steps of implementation, developed by Padua et al, have been performed in the evidence of lower extremity preventive training programs.

Evidence Acquisition:

A systematic review of the literature from 1996 through September 2016 was conducted using electronic databases. Investigations that documented implementation of a sport team-based neuromuscular preventive training program in youth athletes and measured lower extremity injury rates were included.

Study Design:

Clinical review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Results:

A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Information regarding the completion of any of the 7 steps within the implementation framework developed by Padua et al was extracted. None of the 12 articles documented completion of all 7 steps. While each study addressed some of the 7 steps, no study addressed maintenance or an exit strategy for youth athletes. Program implementation appears limited in obtaining administrative support, utilizing an interdisciplinary implementation team, and monitoring or promoting fidelity of the intervention.

Conclusion:

Despite strong evidence supporting the effectiveness of preventive training programs in youth athletes, there is a gap between short-term improvements and long-term implementation strategies. Future interventions should include all 7 steps of the implementation framework to promote transparent dissemination of preventive training programs.
Propofol sedation during gastrointestinal endoscopy arouses euphoria in a large subset of patients
Authors: Brechmann Thorsten , Maier Christoph , Kaisler Miriam , Vollert Jan , Schmiegel Wolff , Pak Svetlana , Scherbaum Norbert , Rist Fred , Riphaus Andrea
Published: October 2017

Background

Propofol is recommended for sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopy (GE), but preliminary data suggest addictive potentials.

Objective

The objective of this article is to evaluate the frequency of predominantly euphoric reaction after GE and patients’ subsequent reminiscences.

Methods

Eighty‐two patients undergoing elective GE under propofol sedation were enrolled in a prospective observational study. The grade of anxiety, expectation or relief about the examination's result and affective state in terms of cheerfulness, relaxation, activation, sedation and anxiety were surveyed using a numeric rating scale (1 to 10) immediately before (t1), after GE (t2) and seven days (t3) later. Statistics: hierarchical cluster analysis, heat map, χ2 test and paired t test.

Results

Mean propofol dosage was 264 ± 120 mg. Two clusters of mood changes emerged (t1 vs. t2). One (n = 46, 56.1%) was characterized by an unease reaction pattern with equal values regarding cheerfulness, relaxation and anxiety, while relaxation decreased; the other cluster showed a euphoric reaction pattern (n = 36, 43.9%) with markedly increased cheerfulness, relaxation and decreased anxiety. These effects intensified at recall (t3). Despite similar endoscopy results, euphoric cluster patients rated these more positively.

Conclusion

Propofol induces euphoria in nearly half of the patients undergoing elective GE with persisting, even enhanced reminiscence (germanctr.de, trial number DRKS00011202).
Moving forward with time series analysis
Authors: Enns Peter K. , Kelly Nathan J. , Masaki Takaaki , Wohlfarth Patrick C.
Published: October 2017

In a recent Research and Politics article, we showed that for many types of time series data, concerns about spurious relationships can be overcome by following standard procedures associated with cointegration tests and the general error correction model (GECM). Matthew Lebo and Patrick Kraft (LK) incorrectly argue that our recommended approach will lead researchers to identify false (i.e., spurious) relationships. In this article, we show how LK’s response is incorrect or misleading in multiple ways. Most importantly, when we correct their simulations, their results reinforce our previous findings, highlighting the utility of the GECM when estimated and interpreted correctly.
Cultural Traditions and Domestic Space: Ağaçbekler Home
Authors: Erdoğan Nevnihal
Published: October 2017

The aim of this article is to carry out a sociocultural interpretation of the physical form, spatial configuration, and architectural design of the vernacular Ağaçbekler home in Edirne, Turkey. Based on case-study research, this article presents the relationship between social, cultural, and religious traditions and the architecture of traditional vernacular (rural) home. This current work is an examination of the relationship between cultural traditions and domestic space of the Ağaçbekler home along specific factors: extended family and the status of family within the community; relationships between men and women; neighbor relationships; the daily customs of the family; customs, beliefs, and rituals within the life of the community; hospitality; and religious beliefs and practices.
Sleep and Internalizing Symptoms in Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Kelly Ryan J. , Bagley Erika J. , Gordon Jacob D.
Published: October 2017

We examined relations between objectively and subjectively assessed sleep and self-reported psychological distress from internalizing symptoms. Consistent with a health disparities perspective, ethnicity and subjective social status (SSS) were examined as moderators of these associations. Participants were 219 individuals (18–29 years old; 51% female) from diverse ethnic (55% non-Latino White, 27% Latino, and 18% other) and socioeconomic backgrounds. Individuals self-reported on their daytime sleepiness and actigraphs measured sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and variability in sleep onset time. Path models revealed that greater daytime sleepiness and variability in sleep onset time were more robustly related to distress from internalizing symptoms for Latinos and those with lower SSS. Other interactions emerged; longer sleep duration in conjunction with higher SSS related to less distress from internalizing symptoms. The results are novel and indicate that the consideration of ethnicity and socioeconomic position holds promise for better understanding sleep during emerging adulthood.
Trends in Surgical Practices for Lateral Epicondylitis Among Newly Trained Orthopaedic Surgeons
Authors: Wang Dean , Degen Ryan M. , Camp Christopher L. , McGraw Michael H. , Altchek David W. , Dines Joshua S.
Published: October 2017

Background:

Much controversy exists regarding the optimal surgical intervention for lateral epicondylitis because of a multitude of options available and the lack of comparative studies. Knowledge of the current practice trends would help guide the design of comparative studies needed to determine which surgical technique results in the best outcome.

Purpose:

To review the latest practice trends for the surgical treatment of lateral epicondylitis among newly trained surgeons in the United States utilizing the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) database.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The ABOS database was utilized to identify surgical cases for lateral epicondylitis submitted by Part II board certification examination candidates from 2004 through 2013. Inclusion criteria were predetermined using a combination of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. Cases were organized by open and arthroscopic treatment groups and by fellowship training and were analyzed to determine differences in surgical techniques, complication rates, and concomitant procedures.

Results:

In total, 1150 surgeons submitted 2106 surgical cases for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis. The number of surgical cases for lateral epicondylitis performed per 10,000 submitted cases significantly decreased from 26.7 in 2004 to 21.1 in 2013 ( P = .002). Among all cases, 92.2% were open and 7.8% were arthroscopic, with no change in the incidence of arthroscopic surgeries over the study period. Shoulder and elbow (18.1%) and sports medicine (11.4%) surgeons were more likely to perform surgery arthroscopically compared with hand surgeons (6.1%) ( P < .001). There was no difference in overall self-reported complication rates between open (4.4%) and arthroscopic (5.5%) procedures ( P = .666). Percutaneous tenotomy, debridement only, and debridement with tendon repair comprised 6.4%, 46.3%, and 47.3% of open treatment, respectively. Sports medicine, hand, and shoulder and elbow surgeons were more likely to repair the tendon after debridement compared with other surgeons, who were more likely to perform debridement alone ( P < .001). Hand surgeons were most likely to perform concomitant procedures, of which the majority were neuroplasties.

Conclusion:

Although comparative studies are ultimately necessary for determining the optimal surgical technique, researchers should be mindful of the differences in practices according to training and the extent to which concomitant procedures are being performed, as both these factors may confound any future results.
Estimating the number of UK stroke patients eligible for endovascular thrombectomy
Authors: McMeekin Peter , White Philip , James Martin A , Price Christopher I , Flynn Darren , Ford Gary A
Published: October 2017

Introduction

Endovascular thrombectomy is a highly effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke due to large arterial occlusion. Routine provision will require major changes in service configuration and workforce. An important first step is to quantify the population of stroke patients that could benefit. We estimated the annual UK population suitable for endovascular thrombectomy using standard or advanced imaging for patient selection.

Patients and methods

Evidence from randomised control trials and national registries was combined to estimate UK stroke incidence and define a decision-tree describing the endovascular thrombectomy eligible population.

Results

Between 9620 and 10,920 UK stroke patients (approximately 10% of stroke admissions) would be eligible for endovascular thrombectomy annually. The majority (9140–9620) would present within 4 h of onset and be suitable for intravenous thrombolysis. Advanced imaging would exclude 500 patients presenting within 4 h, but identify an additional 1310 patients as eligible who present later.

Discussion

Information from randomised control trials and large registry data provided the evidence criterion for 9 of the 12 decision points. The best available evidence was used for two decision points with sensitivity analyses to determine how key branches of the tree affected estimates. Using the mid-point estimate for eligibility (9.6% of admissions) and assuming national endovascular thrombectomy coverage, 4280 patients would have reduced disability.

Conclusion

A model combining published trials and register data suggests approximately 10% of all stroke admissions in the UK are eligible for endovascular thrombectomy. The use of advanced imaging based on current published evidence did not have a major impact on overall numbers but could alter eligibility status for 16% of cases.
Essure® present controversies and 5 years’ learned lessons: a retrospective study with short- and long-term follow-up
Authors: Câmara Sara , de Castro Coelho Filipa , Freitas Cláudia , Remesso Lilia
Published: October 2017

Background

The risk-benefit of contraception with Essure® is being readdressed due to an increase of reports of adverse effects with this device. Our aim was to proceed to an internal quality evaluation and to identify opportunities for protocol improvement.

We proceeded to a one-center, retrospective consecutive case series of women admitted for Essure® placement, from 1 January 2012 until 31 December 2016 (5 years).

Results

In a total of 274 women, technical difficulties were mainly unilateral, with no acute or short-term severe complications. The procedure was brief (median 3.2 min, IQR 2.5–5.2) and moderately painful (median of 4 in a 0–10 scale; IQR 3–5). At 3 months, the failure rate was 2%, with no pregnancies. Second surgery indication (< 1%) resumed to a case of nickel hypersensitivity. At 1 year, pregnancy rate was 1%. Ninety-eight percent of the patients would recommend the method.

Conclusions

We identified high patient satisfaction and low failure rates, both at short and long term. Investigation about whether some women still have patent tubes at the 3-month follow-up could lead to protocol improvement. It is important that clinicians look for second causes for adverse effects related to Essure® and avoid the erroneous indication for implant removal. Long follow-up allowed for both internal quality evaluation and clarification of misconception; it could possibly also have contributed to patient satisfaction.
Spleen-derived IFN-γ induces generation of PD-L1+-suppressive neutrophils during endotoxemia
Authors: Langereis Jeroen D , Pickkers Peter , de Kleijn Stan , Gerretsen Jelle , de Jonge Marien I , Kox Matthijs
Published: October 2017

The immune inhibitory checkpoint molecule programmed death ligand (PD-L)-1 is increasingly recognized as an important player in the immune suppression observed in patients with sepsis, but its role has mainly been studied in monocytes. In an earlier study, we demonstrated that experimental human endotoxemia results in mobilization of a subset of PD-L1-expressing neutrophils displaying an IFN-γ-induced transcriptome profile. Herein, we identify the source of IFN-γ production during murine endotoxemia and its role in the generation of PD-L1+-suppressive neutrophils. We demonstrate that, similar to what we found in humans, murine endotoxemia results in the influx of a subset of PD-L1+ neutrophils in the circulation, and incubation of mouse neutrophils with recombinant IFN-γ profoundly increases PD-L1 expression. Furthermore, administration of anti-IFN-γ abrogated the generation of PD-L1+ neutrophils in endotoxemic mice. The critical involvement of the spleen is illustrated by the fact that splenectomy nullified circulating IFN-γ levels and substantially reduced the abundance of PD-L1+ neutrophils, whereas cotreatment with recombinant IFN-γ resulted in complete restoration of generation of PD-L1+ neutrophils in splenectomized mice. Finally, the functional importance of spleen-derived PD-L1+ neutrophils is exemplified by the finding that the profound decrease in T-lymphocyte proliferation observed in cells from endotoxemic mice was attenuated in cells from splenectomized animals. We demonstrated that spleen-derived IFN-γ induces generation of PD-L1+-suppressive neutrophils, implying that the spleen is critically involved in immune suppression during inflammatory diseases such as sepsis. Furthermore, our data suggest that IFN-γ plays a dual role by enhancing innate immunity and at the same time suppressing adaptive immune responses.
The role of MDA5 in the development of autoimmune disease
Authors: Sadler Anthony J
Published: October 2017

IFNs protect us against infection from viral pathogens, but can also induce damaging inflammation and are associated with the development of autoimmune conditions. By dissecting the response that is mediated by different IFN-regulated genes, we hoped to identify targets that will enable us to preserve the defense against pathogens while minimizing immune disease. Toward this, several reports have identified that variability in the gene that encodes the melanoma differentiation-associated protein (MDA)-5 and other molecules in this pathway correlated with the risk of autoimmune diseases. The evidence for MDA5 activity as a cause of autoimmune disease is discussed.
Prevalence and Predictors of Sperm Banking in Adolescents Newly Diagnosed With Cancer: Examination of Adolescent, Parent, and Provider Factors Influencing Fertility Preservation Outcomes
Authors: Klosky James L. , Wang Fang , Russell Kathryn M. , Zhang Hui , Flynn Jessica S. , Huang Lu , Wasilewski-Masker Karen , Landier Wendy , Leonard Marcia , Albritton Karen H. , Gupta Abha A. , Casillas Jacqueline , Colte Paul , Kutteh William H. , Schover Leslie R.
Published: October 2017

Purpose

To estimate the prevalence of sperm banking among adolescent males newly diagnosed with cancer and to identify factors associated with banking outcomes.

Patients and Methods

A prospective, single-group, observational study design was used to test the contribution of sociodemographic, medical, psychological/health belief, communication, and developmental factors to fertility preservation outcomes. At-risk adolescent males (N = 146; age 13.00 to 21.99 years; Tanner stage ≥ 3), their parents, and medical providers from eight leading pediatric oncology centers across the United States and Canada completed self-report questionnaires within 1 week of treatment initiation. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for specified banking outcomes (collection attempt v no attempt and successful completion of banking v no banking).

Results

Among adolescents (mean age, 16.49 years; standard deviation, 2.02 years), 53.4% (78 of 146) made a collection attempt, with 43.8% (64 of 146) successfully banking sperm (82.1% of attempters). The overall attempt model revealed adolescent consultation with a fertility specialist (OR, 29.96; 95% CI, 2.48 to 361.41; P = .007), parent recommendation to bank (OR, 12.30; 95% CI, 2.01 to 75.94; P = .007), and higher Tanner stage (OR, 5.42; 95% CI, 1.75 to 16.78; P = .003) were associated with an increased likelihood of a collection attempt. Adolescent history of masturbation (OR, 5.99; 95% CI, 1.25 to 28.50; P = .025), banking self-efficacy (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.45; P = .012), and parent (OR, 4.62; 95% CI, 1.46 to 14.73; P = .010) or medical team (OR, 4.26; 95% CI, 1.45 to 12.43; P = .008) recommendation to bank were associated with increased likelihood of sperm banking completion.

Conclusion

Although findings suggest that banking is underutilized, modifiable adolescent, parent, and provider factors associated with banking outcomes were identified and should be targeted in future intervention efforts.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Inhibition by Copanlisib in Relapsed or Refractory Indolent Lymphoma
Authors: Dreyling Martin , Santoro Armando , Mollica Luigina , Leppä Sirpa , Follows George A. , Lenz Georg , Kim Won Seog , Nagler Arnon , Panayiotidis Panayiotis , Demeter Judit , Özcan Muhit , Kosinova Marina , Bouabdallah Krimo , Morschhauser Franck , Stevens Don A. , Trevarthen David , Giurescu Marius , Cupit Lisa , Liu Li , Köchert Karl , Seidel Henrik , Peña Carol , Yin Shuxin , Hiemeyer Florian , Garcia-Vargas Jose , Childs Barrett H. , Zinzani Pier Luigi
Published: October 2017

Purpose

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling is critical for the proliferation and survival of malignant B cells. Copanlisib, a pan-class I PI3K inhibitor with predominant activity against PI3K-α and -δ isoforms, has demonstrated efficacy and a manageable safety profile in patients with indolent lymphoma.

Patients and Methods

In this phase II study, 142 patients with relapsed or refractory indolent lymphoma after two or more lines of therapy were enrolled to receive copanlisib 60 mg intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle. The primary end point was objective response rate; secondary end points included duration of response, progression-free survival, and overall survival. In addition, safety and gene expression were evaluated.

Results

Median age was 63 years (range, 25 to 82 years), and patients had received a median of three (range, two to nine) prior regimens. The objective response rate was 59% (84 of 142 patients); 12% of patients achieved a complete response. Median time to response was 53 days. Median duration of response was 22.6 months, median progression-free survival was 11.2 months, and median overall survival had not yet been reached. The most frequent treatment-emergent adverse events were transient hyperglycemia (all grades, 50%; grade 3 or 4, 41%) and transient hypertension (all grades, 30%; grade 3, 24%). Other grade ≥3 events included decreased neutrophil count (24%) and lung infection (15%). High response rates to copanlisib were associated with high expression of PI3K/B-cell receptor signaling pathway genes.

Conclusion

PI3K-α and -δ inhibition by copanlisib demonstrated significant efficacy and a manageable safety profile in heavily pretreated patients with relapsed or refractory indolent lymphoma.
Wires Interweaving Method Influence on Wire Gauze Nets’ Hydraulics
Authors: Спиридонов В. , Spiridonov V. , Новиков Ю. , Novikov Yu. , Большаков Вадим , Bolshakov Vadim
Published: October 2017

In this paper have been analyzed various ways for wire gauze nets’ hydraulics presentation. Have been determined errors emerging when using the Darcy coefficient based on the channel model of nets’ internal structure. It has been proposed to consider all types of wire gauze nets as local resistances whose hydraulics are described by dependence of Euler criterion on Reynolds number, and to use a net cell as characteristic section. Based on analysis of filter gauze nets’ geometrical structure, have been defined analytical dependences for the nets’ cells area calculation allowing determine the nets’ clear gap size. As a result of experimental data processing by the specified technique has been established the influence of net’s wires interweaving type on Lagrange criterion value. The dependence for Lagrange criterion value calculation on porosity of filter serge unilateral nets has been proposed.
Residual Voltage as Possible Cause of Equipment Damage and Risk for Personnel under Overhead Power Transmission Lines Outage. Part 2
Authors: Рубцова Н. , Rubcova N. , Токарский А. , Tokarskiy A. , Рябченко В. , Ryabchenko V. , Коновалов А. , Konovalov A.
Published: October 2017

This is continuation of the paper “Residual Voltage as Possible Cause of Equipment Damage and Risk for Personnel under Overhead Transmission Lines Outage. Part 1” where on the example of 500 kV overhead power transmission line (OHL) have been considered residual voltages arising between switch’s open contacts for each phase under outage of 500 kV OHL operating in idle mode. In the present paper have been carried out studies of residual voltages arising between phases switches under outage of 500 kV OHL. Maximal values of these resulting voltages exceed a double amplitude value of the OHL nominal phase value, and that may be the reason for a breakdown of the air gap between the switches, damage of the switches, and the risk for the personnel during a substation walk around.
Contact interaction intensity and material transfer at grinding and refractory metal micro-scratching
Authors: Носенко Владимир , Nosenko Vladimir , Фетисов Александр , Fetisov Alexander , Носенко С. , Nosenko S. , Харламов Валентин , Kharlamov Valentin
Published: October 2017

Peculiarities in the contact surfaces formation and material transfer at micro-scratching and grinding of refractory metals are investigated. There is shown a connection of metal quantity transferred to the area of crystal wear, a degree of ground surface charging with silicon carbide crystals and wear of an abrasive tool with the electron structure of atoms in refractory metals. It is defined, that the intensity of metal transfer in a crystal surface layer decreases with the increase of a principle quantum number of metal valence electrons. According to the intensity of the interaction silicon carbide during grinding and micro-cutting the refractory metals are classified into adhesion-active metals of IVB, VB sub-groups and inert metals of VIB subgroup of the Periodic Table.
Stressed state simulation of discrete abrasive disk cutting surface
Authors: Морозов Алексей , Morozov Aleksey , Гусев Владимир , Gusev Vladimir
Published: October 2017

Grinding disks with high frequency discretization of a cutting surface allow not only breaking a cutting process and de-creasing its thermal intensity, but decreasing a vibration level of a technological system which has a positive effect upon quality of a surface worked. But, for realization of intensive grinding modes these tools should possess a mechanical strength not only in the central hole, but that of a discrete cutting surface. In this connection in modern CAE-complex CosmosWorks a computer simulation of a stressed state of a cutting surface and a central hole of the grinding disk subjected to a high-frequency discretization is carried out. On the basis of the simulation results there is developed a durable tool allowing the fulfillment of discrete grinding in intensive modes.
Steel 09G2S laser bonding on flux layer
Authors: Шиганов Игорь , Shiganov Igor , Шамов Евгений , Shamov Evgeny , Бегунов Илья , Begunov Ilia , Шелестова Алеся , Shelestova Alesia
Published: October 2017

A method of laser bonding aimed for the elimination of welding seam form defects is offered. The results of experiments confirming the impact of laser bonding on a flux layer upon the formation of a structure and quality of a welding seam are stated. The measurement results of metal hardness in welding joints obtained by an offered method and also by arc welding and laser bonding are shown. The results of the mechanical tests of welds obtained by laser bonding on a flux layer are pre-sented.
Optimum pattern choice of optical circuits for problems of steel products laser thermal processing by example of railway wheels
Authors: Богданов Александр , Bogdanov Aleksandr , Соколов Виктор , Sokolov Virtor , Шмелев Сергей , Shmelyov Sergey
Published: October 2017

Within the limits of the paper a comparative analysis of optical circuit different patterns which can be used jointly with fiber lasers for the problem of laser thermal treatment of dimension solids of rotation.
Features and Problems of Teaching the Discipline “Combustion and Explosion Theory “ in Construction Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Строганов В. , Stroganov V. , Сагадеев Евгений , Sagadeev Evgeniy , Девисилов Владимир , Devisilov Vladimir , Вильданов И. , Vil'danov I.
Published: October 2017

Contents and structure of bachelors training in the area of combustion and explosion theory in construction higher education institutions in the field of study 20.03.01 “Technosphere Safety” is analyzed, problems of training in this discipline are formulated taking into account features related to students training in construction higher education institutions.
In Defence of Dialetheism: A Reply to Beziau and Tkaczyk
Authors: Martin Ben
Published: October 2017

In recent editions of this journal, Jean-Yves Beziau [8] and Marcin Tkaczyk [41] have criticised a prominent dialetheic logic and common arguments for dialetheism, respectively. While Beziau argues that Priest’s logic LP commits the dialetheist to trivialism, the thesis that all propositions are true, Tkaczyk maintains that the arguments traditionally proposed for dialetheism are faulty and ultimately that dialetheism should be rejected as self-refuting. This paper shows that both are mistaken in their contentions. Beziau’s argument conflates truth-in-an-interpretation with truth simpliciter and Tkaczyk misconstrues the substance of dialetheic arguments. In the process of identifying these weaknesses of both arguments, the paper clarifies elements of both dialetheic logics and dialetheism which these discussions demonstrate are still misunderstood within the literature.
Genetic Gain Performance Metric Accelerates Agricultural Productivity
Authors: Byrum Joseph , Beavis Bill , Davis Craig , Doonan Greg , Doubler Tracy , Kaster Von , Mowers Ron , Parry Sam
Published: October 2017

The agricultural seed industry invests billions of dollars each year to improve our understanding of how best to unlock a seed’s full potential. This investment brings a significant benefit to agricultural customers—the farmers who grow commodity crops, such as corn, soybeans, and wheat. Commodity farmers expect new crop varieties to be adapted to local conditions and have greater genetic potential for yield. We refer to the amount of increase in the genetic potential for yield as “genetic gain.” The agricultural seed industry needs a universal, unbiased metric for genetic gain performance (GGP). Therefore, in 2010 we developed and implemented an algorithm that calculates an unbiased GGP metric that eliminates environmental factors (e.g., solar radiation, rainfall, and temperature) and is applicable at each stage of the product development pipeline. We subsequently used this metric during the variety development stage of our breeding projects to measure the impact of operational changes. We used weighted averages of GGP to retrospectively evaluate changes in genetic gain across 10 years of our breeding pipeline to quantify the benefit. We estimate that genetic gains are now 40 percent greater than the gains seen before implementation of the GGP in 2010. Our analyses show that the GGP metric has saved Syngenta approximately $250 million in varietal development costs, which would otherwise have been required to improve genetic gain by 40 percent. Syngenta scientists now use GGP to evaluate the genetic gain of all breeding projects. It serves as a valuable early-warning system. At the end of each growing season, we collect yield data and update the GGP database. This allows our scientists to perform an annual evaluation of genetic advances in each market segment. These assessments identify potential performance gaps likely to surface in the next growing season so that they can be avoided. Our successful development and deployment of a genetic gain metric is an important advance for both Syngenta and the entire agricultural industry.
Dental nursing: yesterday and today
Authors: Grist Fiona
Published: October 2017

The significance of today is not truly apparent unless it is seen against the backdrop of yesterday. Much has changed in the dental nursing profession through the years, and will continue to change in the future, says Fiona Grist
Bariatric surgery and body image: a complex relationship in an obesogenic world
Authors: Hamlet Claire
Published: October 2017

Bariatric surgery is increasingly being declared as a potential solution to the growing obesity epidemic. However, research tends to focus on the medical benefits of the procedure and little is known about its psychological impact on body image. Improving one's appearance is cited as a key motivator for patients undergoing bariatric surgery: Claire Hamlet explores whether this expectation for surgery can truly be met
Cyber exposure in aesthetics: understanding and reducing the risks
Authors: Di-Scala Naomi
Published: October 2017

Most people consider that cyber threats are not something that will affect them as individuals or small businesses, believing it is only large corporations that are likely to be targeted. This is not the case and aesthetic clinics of all sizes should be aware of the risks. Naomi Di-Scala explores the types of cyber attacks that can occur and explains how practitioners can protect themselves and their clinic
Boost your business growth without partaking in the race to the bottom
Authors: Cottrill Lee
Published: October 2017

The medical aesthetics market gets bigger every year—it is an exciting and vibrant place to be for practitioners and patients alike. For those setting up or trying to grow their business, however, the rapid rise in competition can be a daunting prospect. Lee Cottrill explains why trying to win on price is actually a lose-lose game and shares some pragmatic tips for what you can do about it
Use of cryopreserved umbilical cord with negative pressure wound therapy for complex diabetic ulcers with osteomyelitis
Authors: Raphael A. , Gonzales J.
Published: October 2017

Objective:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the combined use of cryopreserved human umbilical cord (cUC) allograft and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in treating complex diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) with bone exposure and osteomyelitis. These types of wound are known to carry a high morbidity and mortality.

Methods:

A single-center, retrospective chart review was performed to assess the efficacy of the combined use of cUC with NPWT, by the same surgeon, to help promote the closure of complex DFUs presenting with biopsy-proven osteomyelitis. Change in wound size and volume, time to wound closure, and number of cUC applications were assessed.

Results:

We identified of 14 wounds in 13 patients, with an average initial wound area of (mean±standard devaition) 33.2±21.7cm2 and wound volume of 52±26.2cm3. All achieved complete re-epithelialisation with an average time to closure of 24.0±10.9 weeks, using between 2–5 cUC applications. No adverse events were noted and none of the wounds required limb amputation during the a follow-up of 24 months for each patient.

Conclusion:

The results suggest that combined use of cUC and NPWT may be effective in improving the healing of complex DFUs that present with osteomyelitis. Prospective, randomised controlled trials are warranted to confirm this efficacy as well as its potential applications in other chronic wounds.
Wound healing outcomes in a diabetic foot ulcer outpatient clinic at an acute care hospital: a retrospective study
Authors: Lu S.H. , McLaren A-M.
Published: October 2017

Objective:

Patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) have an increased risk of lower extremity amputation. A retrospective chart review of patients with DFUs attending the Foot Treatment and Assessment chiropodist-led outpatient clinic at an inner-city academic hospital was conducted to determine wound healing outcomes and characteristics contributing to outcomes.

Method:

We reviewed the complete clinical history of 279 patients with 332 DFUs spanning over a five-year period.

Results:

The mean age of patients was 61.5±12.5 years and most patients (83.5%) had one DFU. The majority of wounds (82.5%) were in the forefoot. Overall, 267/332 (80.5%) wounds healed. A greater proportion of wounds healed in the forefoot (82.5%) and midfoot (87.1%) than hindfoot (51.9%; p<0.001). Using a logistic regression model, palpable pedal pulse and use of a total contact cast were associated with better wound healing.

Conclusion:

Our findings are the first to demonstrate the benefits of chiropodists leading an acute care outpatient clinic in the management of DFUs in Canada and delivers wound healing outcomes equivalent to or exceeding those previously published.
Constructive and Clustering Methods to Solve Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem
Authors: Akhand M. A. H. , Sultatana Tanzima , Shuvo M. I. R. , Al-Mahmud Al-Mahmud
Published: October 2017

Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a real life constraint satisfaction problem to find minimal travel distances of vehicles to serve customers. Capacitated VRP (CVRP) is the simplest form of VRP considering vehicle capacity constraint. Constructive and clustering are the two popular approaches to solve CVRP. A constructive approach creates routes and attempts to minimize the cost at the same time. Clarke and Wright’s Savings algorithm is a popular constructive method based on savings heuristic. On the other hand, a clustering based method first assigns nodes into vehicle wise cluster and then generates route for each vehicle. Sweep algorithm and its variants and Fisher and Jaikumar algorithm are popular among clustering methods. Route generation is a traveling salesman problem (TSP) and any TSP optimization method is useful for this purpose. In this study, popular constructive and clustering methods are studied, implemented and compared outcomes in solving a suite of benchmark CVRPs. For route optimization, Genetic Algorithm (GA), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Velocity Tentative Particle Swarm Optimization (VTPSO) are employed in this study which are popular nature inspired optimization techniques for solving TSP. Experimental results revealed that parallel Savings is better than series Savings in constructive method. On the other hand, Sweep Reference Point using every stop (SRE) is the best among clustering based techniques.
Identifying Various Roadways Obstacles in Infrastructure less Environment Using Depth Learning Approach
Authors: Pandey Chandra Kishor , Kumar Neeraj , Mishra Vinay Kumar , Bajpaipai Abhishek Ba
Published: October 2017

Traffic conditions in infrastructure-less environment are in many ways not ideal for driving. This is due to undefined road curvature, faded and unmaintained lane markings and various obstacles situations cause vital life loses and damage of vehicles in accidents. This paper provides an efficient approach of finding various roadways obstacles situation using our depth learning approach based on the data collected through a Smartphone. The existing methods are suitable for planned or structured roads. The proposed approach is suitable for planed as well as unplanned roads i.e. for infrastructure-less environment. The approach is capable of effectively classifying roadways obstacles into predefined categories using depth learning approach. While compared with other similar approach this approach is a cost effective approach