bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a stand for researching electric drives of pumping units
Authors: Tsvetkov A. N. , Kornilov V. Yu. , Safin A. R. , Kuvshinov N. E. , Petrov T. I. , Gibadullin R. R.
Published: January 2021

In the modern oil industry, the vast majority of oil production units are represented by sucker rod pumping units, driven mainly by asynchronous electric motors without using any monitoring, control and regulation means. Studies carried out on such installations show their low energy efficiency and reliability. Therefore, the issue of developing complex electric drives of a new generation based on the use of synchronous valve electric motors is relevant allowing to significantly increase the energy efficiency and reliability of both individual installations and to ensure the creation of "smart" oil field control systems. The paper discusses new technical solutions of the experimental stand which makes it possible to study the energy characteristics of electric drives based on asynchronous and synchronous valve electric motors, as well as allowing to create conditions as close as possible to real field conditions with imitation of the operation of an oil pumping unit of a sucker rod pumping unit. In modern test equipment systems, devices are often used to create a mechanical load on the shaft of the electric motor under study. The system proposed and implemented as such a device is "a frequency converter - load asynchronous electric motor", which has been tested on a stand and has proven to be the best in comparison with traditional circuits using DC motors. But using of a load asynchronous electric motor as part of the test stand has revealed a number of disadvantages: overheating of the electric motor operating in the opposing mode, low accuracy of creating the load torque and the speed of the system's response. The problem of overheating of the load electric motor has been solved by transferring the frequency converter to the direct torque control mode, while a significant decrease in the motor current and stabilization of the temperature regime have been detected. The low accuracy and response speed of the system have been increased by introducing feedback and a PID controller into the stand control system.
A Critical Discourse Analysis of Personal Pronouns in Greta Thunberg's Speeches
Authors: Suryaningsih Yuli
Published: January 2021

Although the study of personal pronouns in speeches is very popular, only a few studies are conducted to analyze non-political speeches. In spite of Greta Thunberg’s famous and bold speaking manners, none of the researchers are interested to look deeper at speeches delivered by the young activist. In this study, I employ Fairclough’s model of Critical Discourse Analysis to examine the use of 102 first-and-second person personal pronouns in her speeches. Forty-seven percent of the pronouns are you and twenty-five percent of the pronouns are we. Furthermore, the high percentage of the occurrence towards you and we shows the characterization of her speeches. It shows both othering strategy and personalization strategy between the speaker and the audience. In addition, the pronouns act both as inclusive and exclusive. The variation of inclusiveness and exclusiveness is highly affected by who the audience is. These findings propound that the use of the same pronouns by the same person acts differently depending on who the audience is.
Maize Response to Sole and Combined Effects of Nitrogen and Nematode Stresses
Authors: Benjamin Joshua , Adejumo Sifau Adenike , Claudius-Cole Abiodun
Published: January 2021

Crops grown on the field or in phytotrons are faced with different biotic stresses including plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) and abiotic stresses such as drought and poor soil fertility (low nitrogen levels). In this study, the interactive responses of a low-nitrogen tolerant variety LNTP-YC6 and a regular variety BR-9928-DMRSR to Pratylenchus zeae under four nitrogen-levels: no amendment; [T0], low nitrogen [100kgN/ha NPK; T1], optimum nitrogen [200kgN/ha NPK + Urea; T2] and compost [10t/ha; T3] were investigated. The treatments were arranged in a 2 x 4 factorial fitted into randomised complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates. Data were collected on growth parameters (plant height and stem girth), yield components (number and weight of cobs), lesion score (LS), final nematode population (FNP) and reproductive factor (RF). Low nutrient stress in combination with nematode infection generally reduced maize growth and yield. Growth parameters of BR-9928-DMRSR variety were generally high while yield parameters of LNTP-YC6 variety were significantly greater than in BR-9928-DMRSR variety. However, T2 and T3 improved growth and yield of both maize varieties compared to T0, with T2 being superior to T3. Meanwhile, T3 reduced FNP more than T2. FNP (107.65) and RF (1.3) of P. zeae on LNTP-YC6 variety and with T3 was significantly low compared to T2 (178, 3.34), T0 (188, 3.6) and T1 (217, 5.0). In all the parameters considered, LNTP-YC6 outperformed BR-9928-DMRSR variety. In conclusion, soil amendment with optimum rate of nitrogen and compost reduced nematode population and enhanced maize growth, while low nitrogen in combination with nematode stress reduced maize yield.
Preliminary Evaluation of Composite Panels Produced from Rice Husk and Recycled Polystyrene Material
Authors: Akinterinwa Ayodele , Umar Atiku Jamila , Eneche Jude Edogbo , Shalbugau Kefas Wathagrda
Published: January 2021

Rice husk particles categorised as fine (size ≤ 0.6 mm), and coarse (0.6 mm ≤ size ≤ 1.8 mm) were mixed with a binder obtained by recycling expanded polystyrene waste, to formulate composites. Formulation was carried out using different particles to binder ratios as follows: 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2). Fine particle composites were designated F1:1, F1:1.5 and F1:2, while the coarse particle composites were designated C1:1, C1:1.5 and C1:2. The composites were casted, and some physical properties such as: dry/cure time in air (72±4 h - 168±6 h), density (0.48±0.04 g/dm3 – 2.75±0.08 g/dm3), water absorption (2.24±0.46 % - 58.91±1.11 %) and thickness swelling (1.43±0.06 % – 22.65±1.23 %), flammability tests and SEM images of the composite panels obtained were evaluated. Results showed that: dry time and density increased, water absorption and thickness swelling decreased while flammability increased (ignition time decreased and propagation rate increased), as the amount of the recycled polystyrene binder was increased in the composites. Relative to particle size aggregate, coarse particle composites exhibits shorter drying time, lower density, higher water absorption and weaker flame retardation compared to the fine composites with corresponding ratios.
A Review of Alternative Building Materials for Sustainable Construction Towards Sustainable Development
Authors: Josiah Marut Johnson , ALAEZI John Okwe , OBEKA Igwe Christopher
Published: January 2021

The study reviewed Alternative Building Materials for sustainable construction towards sustainable development. The study was able to identify some Alternative Building Materials, their features, classes (types), and importance for sustainable construction toward sustainable development. The study uses a systematic literature review and content analysis. Some of the Alternative Building Materials include laterite soil, brick wastes, rice husk ash burnt refuse ash, fly ash, periwinkle shell powder, earthworm cast, pulverized burned clay, periwinkle shell aggregate, tubali, earth/mud blocks or bricks, laterite blocks, bamboo for roofing & ceiling, palm front roofing, clay/mud plaster. The classes of the Alternative Building Materials include: modified conventional industrial materials, unconventional/ indigenous/ traditional materials, and modified unconventional/traditional indigenous materials. The features of sustainable construction materials include recyclability, insulation and thermal conductivity and deconstruct ability, availability, manufacturing and price, flexibility and high life time expectancy. The importance of Alternative Building Materials includes: the protection of the environment through reduce energy use and also cutting down CO2 emission, provision of affordable housing, energy conservation, meeting increasing demands for housing stock, provision of employment opportunities, the development and propagation of indigenous technological ingenuity and skills of our local people. The study advocates for the integration of the entire stakeholders in the construction industry towards utilisation of Alternative Building Materials for sustainable construction towards sustainable development. The study also advocates for the cataloguing of all Alternative Building Materials so as to create awareness to all the potential clients and stakeholders of the industry regarding their availability and importance.
Aportes a una Nueva Visión del Mundo: la Dimensión Ecológica en el Derecho Ambiental Argentino
Authors: Martínez Adriana Norma , Porcelli Adriana Margarita
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo forma parte de un proyecto de investigación que tiene por objeto el desarrollo de las diferentes posturas filosóficas, éticas y científicas que consideran a la naturaleza y a todos los seres vivientes como poblaciones o entidades con vida propia rescatando su valor intrínseco y en consecuencia, dan fundamento a concepciones jurídicas que los categorizan como sujeto de derechos y el análisis de las legislaciones y jurisprudencias nacionales e internacionales que la han receptado. Dada su complejidad, la temática se expuso en varias partes y el presente artículo tiene por objeto el desarrollo de una postura alternativa que propugna la ecologización del derecho ambiental y la integración de la justicia ecológica con la ambiental en Argentina.
La superación crítica de la etiología Lombrosiana: el lugar de la población negra y los discursos criminológicos en Brasil
Authors: Prata Caio Luís , Corrêa Leite Taylisi de Souza
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo busca comprender la contribución del discurso criminológico positivista de Lombroso a la determinación del lugar a ocupar por el individuo negro, en el contexto brasileño, en oposición a los horizontes que se le brindan desde las formulaciones teóricas de matriz crítica, constituidas sobre un paradigma científico político-económico de la investigación criminal. Para ello, utilizará un enfoque cualitativo, basado esencialmente en una revisión bibliográfica, confrontando las propuestas de las escuelas criminológicas seleccionadas y cuestionando su relación con la dinámica racial, abordada, aquí, desde una perspectiva estructural. El trabajo, por tanto, abordará la contextualización histórica del desarrollo de los paradigmas de la criminología, siguiendo el análisis de la constitución de las dinámicas raciales en el país, con miras a la aproximación entre racismo y fenómeno criminológico.
El nuevo orden económico internacional
Authors: Lozano Hernández Julio Carlos
Published: January 2021

Es evidente que hoy dada la pandemia y otros factores existen grandes problemas de orden económico, incluso en los países más desarrollados que también están sufriendo estas crisis y lo lamentable es que tratan de solucionarlo con políticas de muy corto plazo y que sólo atienden la parte interna y particular de su crisis, desconociendo el concepto acuñado a nivel de las Naciones Unidas; acotado a la nueva estructura económica transfronteriza; como Nuevo Orden Económico Internacional, que propugna ayudar a establecer relaciones económicas más justas y de esta manera a contribuir a mejorar el destino de las poblaciones de diversas partes del mundo, todos estos principios que existen y que de alguna manera generarían, con una visión más amplia por parte de estas naciones, un desarrollo más equilibrado en el mundo, por lo que para lograr este objetivo sería necesario interiorizar en las políticas internacionales de las naciones en desarrollo el respeto irrestricto de las ideas propugnadas vinculadas a este concepto y que mediante el presente trabajo podemos conocer y entender.
Del grupo de Lima al proceso de Quito: análisis de las políticas públicas implementadas en el marco del multilateralismo sudamericano, como muestra de solidaridad y cooperación frente a la crisis migratoria venezolana
Authors: Batallas Lara Cosme
Published: January 2021

Los procesos de regulación migratoria implementados por Colombia, Ecuador y Perú están orientados a garantizar los derechos fundamentales de las y los ciudadanos venezolanos que se encuentran en condición de movilidad humana forzada. La condición de regularidad migratoria es fundamental para que la comunidad extranjera no sea objeto de discriminación, explotación laboral, tráfico de migrantes, trata de personas, y otros delitos conexos; además, permite acceder a servicios públicos como salud, educación, fuentes de trabajo y libre circulación. Es decir, las políticas públicas, diseñadas e implementadas para efectivizar la regulación migratoria venezolana, dotan a la colectividad venezolana de los mismos derechos de los que goza la población local. Por su cercanía con la República Bolivariana de Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú, y en menor proporción Chile, cuentan con un marco legal e institucional que es referente en temas de acogida y garantía de los derechos humanos de las comunidades migrantes. En el contexto del sistema normativo internacional, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú, son suscriptores de todos los acuerdos, tratados y convenios internacionales que tienen por objeto garantizar irrestrictamente los derechos humanos de las personas en situación de movilidad humana. Adicionalmente, los Estados sudamericanos han ideado mecanismos de concertación como el Grupo de Lima y el Proceso de Quito, que han contribuido de manera muy significativa a garantizar una migración segura, ordenada y regular en bien de la población venezolana, obligada a migrar por razones de supervivencia. La puesta en marcha de políticas que beneficien a la comunidad migrante venezolana, permite a los Estados miembros, el cumplimiento de compromisos internacionales asumidos en el marco de espacios de cooperación multilateral como el Grupo de Lima y el Proceso de Quito y, más allá de ello, los ubica a la vanguardia de América Latina como países que más han progresado en la construcción de políticas migratorias integrales.
Reincidencia y programas de resocialización en los centros penitenciarios de La Joya y La Joyita
Authors: López Sinisterra Omar
Published: January 2021

En Panamá, la criminalidad se ha exacerbado aún en los actuales momentos de Pandemia y bajo los efectos del SARS CoV-2 conocido como Covid-19. Inclusive tipos de delitos atroces como el homicidio múltiple de jóvenes y aumento en el feminicidio. El objetivo del presente artículo es el de señalar el estado de los programas de resocialización en estos centros y su relación con la reincidencia delictiva. Como etodología se utilizó el análisis documental del material concerniente a diferentes eventos que evocan el funcionamiento de estos dos centros y como referente, un trabajo de investigación sobre el tema, realizado en ambos centros penitenciarios por el autor. Un indicador utilizado para medir la disminución de la criminalidad es la reincidencia delictiva, la cual se pretende disminuya a través de innovadores y efectivos programas de resocialización. La implementación de los programas de resocialización en los centros penitenciarios de La Joya y La Joyita tiene como objetivo la reinserción efectiva de los internos que culminan sus condenas para su retorno al entorno social del que provinieron. En estos recintos, los internos se adscriben a diferentes programas vocacionales, deportivos y educativos, los cuales algunos son realizados para adquirir conocimientos, y otros para conmutar o disminuir las penas. Este artículo ha sido realizado con el objeto de analizar los programas de resocialización y su relación con la reincidencia delictiva. Como resultado de este análisis observamos que los programas de resocialización existentes son en realidad pseudo programas, pues no fueron concebidos con los elementos que caracterizan un programa de resocialización. De tal forma concluimos que, al no ser realmente programas de resocialización, se desconoce si se produce la rehabilitación penitenciaria lo cual tiene injerencia o no en el aumento de la reincidencia delictiva.
Poesía marginal y letrada en Symbol (1991) de Roger Santiváñez, Pastor de perros (1993) de Domingo de Ramos, Las quebradas experiencias y otros poemas (1993) de Xavier Echarri, y Lima o el largo camino de la desesperación (1995) de Carlos Oliva
Authors: Villanueva Paravicino Francois Víctor
Published: January 2021

Este artículo busca enlazar las similitudes temáticas y formales en cuatro poemarios de diferentes autores: Symbol (1991) de Roger Santivañez, Pastor de perros (1993) de Domingo de Ramos, Las quebradas experiencias y otros poemas (1993) de Xavier Echarri, y Lima o el largo camino de la desesperación (1995) de Carlos Oliva. Aquellos libros publicados en el primer lustro de los años noventa del siglo pasado (s. XX) poseen grandes afinidades poéticas, como el dominio dellenguaje oral-popular, callejero y hasta lumpenesco; donde la voz del hablante lírico toma una postura contestataria, marginal y hasta revolucionaria. Sin embargo, aquella posición poética noexcluye que exista un diálogo entre aquellos poemarios y la tradición letrada, culta y canónica de la poesía peruana contemporánea. Por ello, destacamos las referencias marginales y letradas en loscuatro poemarios estudiados, que resumen los caminos poéticos de su tiempo a nivel capitalino.
İZLENİMCİLİK AKIMI VE İZLENİMCİ MÜZİĞİN MORCEAUX IMPOSE GELENEĞİ İLE FLÜT REPERTUVARINA YANSIMALARI
Authors: OKAN Melisa , ALICI Sezin
Published: January 2021

19. yüzyılın Avrupası’nda yaşanan Endüstri Devrimi ile Avrupa ülkelerinde teknolojik ve toplumsal değişikliklerin meydana gelmesi bütün sanat dallarını etkileyen önemli gelişmelerden biri olmuştur. Batıda gerçekleşen bu değişimler ile 19. yüzyılın ikinci, 20. yüzyılın ilk yarısında müzik ve tüm sanat dallarına da yansıyan yeni akımlar ortaya çıkmıştır. 20. yüzyıl sanatına yeni boyutlar kazandıran bu akımların ilki, önce resim sanatında ortaya çıkıp sonra diğer sanat dallarını etkileyen İzlenimcilik akımı olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, izlenimcilik (empresyonizm) akımının doğuş süreci, müzikte izlenimcilik akımının etkisi, bu akımın etkilemiş olduğu 1850-1950 yılları arasında Paris Konservatuvarı’nda ortaya çıkan Morceaux Imposé geleneği, bu geleneğin özellikleri ve Morceaux Imposé eserlerin bestecilerinin flüt repertuvarına kazanımları araştırılmış, elde edilen bulgular sunulmuştur. Bu doğrultuda Paris Konservatuvarı’na, flüt çalgısının teknik ve yapısal değişimine, izlenimci bestecilerin flüt için yazdığı eserlere ve izlenimci müzikte flütün yerine ve önemine de değinilmiştir.
Vascular Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease: Is Immune System Protective or Bystander?
Authors: Muhammad Khalid , Ayoub Mohammed A. , Iratni Rabah
Published: January 2021

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Chronic atherosclerosis
induced vascular inflammation and perturbation of lipid metabolism is believed to be a major cause of
CVD. Interplay of innate and adaptive Immune system has been interwined with various risk factors associated
with the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis in CVD. A large body of evidence indicates a correlation
between immunity and atherosclerosis. Retention of plasma lipoproteins in arterial subendothelial wall triggers
the T helper type 1 (Th1) cells and monocyte-derived macrophages to form atherosclerotic plaques. In the present
review, we will discuss the pathogenesis of CVD in relation to atherosclerosis with a particular focus on
pro-atherogenic role of immune cells. Recent findings have also suggested anti-atherogenic roles of different B
cell subsets. Therapeutic approaches to target atherosclerosis risk factors have reduced the mortality, but a need
exists for the novel therapies to treat arterial vascular inflammation. These insights into the immune pathogenesis
of atherosclerosis can lead to new targeted therapeutics to abate cardiovascular mortality and morbidity.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Contemporary Clinical Approach
Authors: Bjekić-Macut Jelica , Vukašin Tamara , Velija-Ašimi Zelija , Bureković Azra , Zdravković Marija , Andrić Zoran , Branković Marija , Crevar-Marinović Slobodanka , Madić Tatjana , Stanojlović Olivera , Milutinović Danijela V. , Livadas Sarantis , Mastorakos George
Published: January 2021

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a frequent endocrine disease in women during the reproductive
period. It is considered a complex metabolic disorder with long-term metabolic, as well as reproductive
consequences. Main pathophysiological pathways are related to the increased androgen levels and insulin resistance.
Nowadays, genetic origins of PCOS are acknowledged, with numerous genes involved in the pathogenesis
of hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance, inflammation, and disturbed folliculogenesis. Rotterdam diagnostic
criteria are most widely accepted and four PCOS phenotypes have been recognized. Metabolic abnormalities
are more common in phenotypes 1 and 2. Women with classic PCOS are more obese and typically have the central
type of obesity, more prevalently displaying dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome that
could be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications during life. Heterogeneity of phenotypes
demands an individualized approach in the treatment of women with PCOS. Metabolic therapies involve
a lifestyle intervention followed by the introduction of insulin sensitizers including metformin and inositols,
glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA), as recently sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors.
The addition of an insulin sensitizer to the standard infertility therapy such as clomiphene citrate improves
ovulation and pregnancy rates. Our current review analyzes the contemporary knowledge of PCOS etiology
and etiopathogenesis, its cardiometabolic risks and their outcomes, as well as therapeutic advances for women
with PCOS.
An Efficient Synthesis of Pyrano[c]chromenediones and [1,3]Dioxolo[g]
chromeneones Catalyzed by Nickel(II) Chromite Nanoparticles Through a
Three-Component Domino Reaction
Authors: Saeedi Bahareh , Abdolmohammadi Shahrzad , Mirjafary Zohreh , Kia-Kojoori Reza
Published: January 2021

Background:

The importance of fused chromene motifs in bioactive compounds highlighted the current research to explore novel methods for the construction of these heterocyclic scaffolds. Regarding the attractive features of developing novel methodological approaches in the presence of heterogeneous nanocatalysts, we will try to synthesize 4-aryl-3,4-dihydro-2H,5H-pyrano[3,2-c]chromene-2,5-diones and 8-aryl-7,8-dihydro-6H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]chromene-6-ones through this method.

Objective:

The aim of the present research was to prove the catalytic efficiency of the synthesized nickel(II) chromite nanoparticles (NiCr2O4 NPs) as bifunctional Lewis acid-Lewis base catalyst in the synthesis of pyrano[c]chromenediones and [1,3]dioxolo[g]chromeneones.

Methods:

Pyrano[c]chromenediones and [1,3]dioxolo[g]chromeneones were conveniently prepared from a three-component condensation reaction between aromatic aldehydes, meldrum’s acid, and active methylene compounds including 4-hydroxycoumarin or 3,4-methylenedioxyphenol using NiCr2O4 NPs as an efficient, easily obtained, and recyclable catalyst, under ethanol-drop grinding at room temperature. The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and also by elemental analyses.

Results:

A number of 4-aryl-3,4-dihydro-2H,5H-pyrano[3,2-c]chromene-2,5-diones and 8-aryl-7,8-dihydro-6H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]chromene-6-ones were effectively synthesized as target compounds in high yields.

Conclusion:

This study provides a simple, inexpensive and NiCr2O4 NPs catalyzed route to synthesis pyrano[c]chromenediones and [1,3]dioxolo[g]chromeneones in high yields. The reaction offers several benefits including simple experimental procedures, higher yields, shorter reaction times and use of easily obtained and recyclable catalyst compared with previously reported methods and has a great foreground of development.
Targeting Histone Onco- Modifications Using Plant-Derived Products
Authors: Illam Soorya P. , Kandiyil Sruthi P. , Raghavamenon Achuthan C.
Published: January 2021

The regulatory mechanisms lying over the genome that determines the differential expression
of genes are termed epigenetic mechanisms. DNA methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation
of histone proteins and RNAi are typical examples. These epigenetic modifications are important
determinants of normal growth and metabolism; at the same time, aberrant histone modifications
play a major role in pathological conditions and are emerging as a new area of research for
the last decades. Histone onco-modification is a term introduced by the scientific world to denote
histone post-translational modifications that are associated with cancer development and progression.
These modifications are likely to act in certain conditions as adaptive mechanisms to environmental
and social factors. The enzymes that regulate DNA methylation as well as histone modifications
are thus become a target for cancer therapy and chemoprevention. Since oxidative stress has
been shown to modulate epigenetic changes, and phytocompounds with powerful antioxidant properties
have a significant role in disease prevention. Nowadays, “nutri- epigenetics” is becoming an
emerging area of research that deals with the influence of dietary compounds in epigenetics. This
review aims to discuss the biological efficacy of promising phytocompounds that are able to counteract
deleterious epigenetic modifications, especially histone onco- modifications.
Microglial Store-operated Calcium Signaling in Health and in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: McLarnon James G.
Published: January 2021

The dysregulation of calcium signaling mechanisms in neurons has been considered a contributing
factor to the pathogenesis evident in early-onset Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). However, considerably
less is known concerning the possible impairment of Ca2+ mobilization in resident immune cell
microglia. This review considers findings which suggest that a prominent pathway for non-excitable
microglial cells, store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), is altered in the sporadic form of AD. The patterns
of Ca2+ mobilization are first discussed with platelet-activating factor (PAF) stimulation of SOCE
in adult, fetal and immortalized cell-line, human microglia in the healthy brain. In all cases, PAF was
found to induce a rapid transient depletion of Ca2+ from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stores, followed by
a sustained entry of Ca2+ (SOCE). A considerably attenuated duration of SOCE is observed with ATP
stimulation of human microglia, suggested as due to agonist actions on differential subtype purinergic
receptors. Microglia obtained from AD brain tissue, or microglia treated with full-length amyloid-β peptide
(Aβ42), show significant reductions in the amplitude of SOCE relative to controls. In addition, AD
brain and Aβ42-treated microglia exhibit decreased levels of Ca2+ release from ER stores compared to
controls. Changes in properties of SOCE in microglia could lead to altered immune cell response and
neurovascular unit dysfunction in the inflamed AD brain.
Association Serum S100B Protein in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Case Control Study from South India
Authors: Chaudhuri Jaydip R. , Mridula Kandadai R. , Rathnakishore Chikkirala , Anamika Alluri , Samala Naveen R. , Balaraju Banda , Bandaru VCS Srinivasarao
Published: January 2021

Background:

Recent evidence points to a possible link between the inflammatory modulatory
protein S100B protein and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Objective:

To investigate the elevated levels of serum S100B protein among AD in a South Indian
cohort and its correlation with severity of cognitive impairment.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 AD patients and 100 age and sex matched
healthy controls. Diagnosis of AD was made by a qualified neurologist using NINCDS ADRDA criteria.
Measurement of serum S100B protein was performed using solid phase sandwich ELISA method
in both cases and controls.

Results:

Significantly higher prevalence of elevated serum S100B protein 44(44%) (p<0.0001), hypertension
52(52%) (p=0.02), diabetes mellitus 58(58%) (p=0.002), thyroid dysfunction 28(28%)
(p=0.009), positive CRP 46(46%) (p<0.0001) and lower mean Mini-Mental State Examination
(MMSE) values 20.4±5.1 (p<0.0001) were seen in AD patients compared to controls. Elevated S100B
protein levels were significantly associated with Clinical dementia rating (CDR) score 2(34%)
(p=0,05) and score 3 (61.3%) (p=0.03) compared to normal levels. After multivariable logistic regression
analysis positive C-Reactive Protein (odds: 3.2; 95%CI: 2.8-9.8)(p=0.001), elevated S100B protein
(odds: 9.0;95%CI:2.2-35.8) and diabetes mellitus (odd:1.2;95%CI:1.0-4.9)(p<0.0001), were significantly
associated with AD.

Conclusion:

In our study, we established an independent association of elevated serum S100B protein
levels with AD. Elevated S100B protein levels higher in CDR score 3.
Non-canonical Molecular Targets for Novel Analgesics: Intracellular Calcium and HCN Channels
Authors: Cook Daniel C. , Goldstein Peter A.
Published: January 2021

Pain is a prevalent biopsychosocial condition that poses a significant challenge to healthcare
providers, contributes substantially to a disability, and is a major economic burden worldwide.
An overreliance on opioid analgesics, which primarily target the μ-opioid receptor, has caused devastating
morbidity and mortality in the form of misuse and overdose-related death. Thus, novel
analgesic medications are needed that can effectively treat pain and provide an alternative to opioids.
A variety of cellular ion channels contribute to nociception, the response of the sensory nervous
system to a noxious stimulus that commonly leads to pain. Ion channels involved in nociception
may provide a suitable target for pharmacologic modulation to achieve pain relief. This narrative
review summarizes the evidence for two ion channels that merit consideration as targets for
non-opioid pain medications: ryanodine receptors (RyRs), which are intracellular calcium channels,
and hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, which belong to the
superfamily of voltage-gated K+ channels. The role of these channels in nociception and neuropathic
pain is discussed and suitability as targets for novel analgesics and antihyperalgesics is considered.
Outcomes of Anticoagulant Therapy with Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin (LMWH) and Warfarin for Thromboangiitis Obliterans (TAO)
Authors: Gao Jiangping , Huang Liuhuan , Wang Jianli
Published: January 2021

Background:

Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) is a chronic, non-atherosclerotic, progressive
inflammatory vascular disease affecting the small- and medium-size arteries and veins of
the extremities.

Objective:

To evaluate whether long-term anticoagulation with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and warfarin is
beneficial for treating the inflammation and symptoms associated with TAO.

Methods:

Patients with TAO who underwent anticoagulation as the mainstay of treatment were included
in this prospective study. Rest pain relief and healing of trophic lesions (as the primary and
secondary endpoint) were investigated at Day 14 and after 6 months of follow-up. High sensitivity
C-reactive protein (hsCRP), monocyte count, and ankle-brachial index (ABI) were recorded, and
the difference was compared before and after 2-week anticoagulation. The Chi-square test was
used to compare the difference between anticoagulant and aspirin groups (based on the literature).

Results:

From 2014 to 2019, 18 patients were included. Only 1 patient with wet gangrene received
endo-therapy for a failing stent at the start of treatment. After ~14 days, 12 of 13 (92%) patients
showed complete ulcer healing, and 17 of 18 (94%) patients showed complete relief from rest pain.
Monocyte-counts and hsCRP levels decreased significantly (p<0.001) after a 2-week period of anticoagulation
with LMWH. The mean follow-up was 2.6 years (range 0.5-5 years). At 6 months, all
patients showed relief of rest pain and complete healing of trophic lesions. All endpoints were significantly
improved compared with the aspirin group (p<0.01), and no rest pain or ulcer/gangrene recurred
during follow-up.

Conclusion:

Anticoagulant therapy may alleviate the inflammation and symptoms of TAO.
An Efficient One-Pot, Multicomponent Synthesis of 1, 3-Thiazolidin-4- Ones Using L-Proline as Catalyst in Water
Authors: Gadkari Yatin U. , Shanbhag Rajesh D. , Telvekar Vikas N.
Published: January 2021

:

An efficient methodology for the synthesis of 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones using L-Proline as catalyst under aqueous conditions has been developed. The one-pot, multicomponent reaction of aromatic/heterocyclic aldehyde, aromatic amine and thioglycolic acid at room temperature give 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones in moderate to good yields. Further, the current approach is notably greener than traditional methods with E-factor of 3.1 and the eco scale score of 96. The developed protocol offers several features, such as being simple, environmentally benign, energy-efficient, economical, mild conditions, shorter reaction time.
Antineoplastic Activity of an Old Natural Antidiabetic Biguanide on the Human
Thyroid Carcinoma Cell Line
Authors: Nozhat Zahra , Zarkesh Maryam , Baldini Enke , Mohammadi-Yeganeh Samira , Azizi Feridoun , Hedayati Mehdi
Published: January 2021

Background:

In the last decades, metformin (Met), an herbal anti-diabetic medicine, has been proposed as an
anti-cancer agent.

Objective:

Thyroid cancers are the most common malignancy of the endocrine system. Therefore, the current study was
performed to assess the effects of Met on cell proliferation and activation of the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K)/Protein
kinase B (AKT)/Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO1) signaling pathway in the Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC) cells. The
effects of Met on the expression of REarranged during Transfection (RET) proto-oncogene were also investigated.

Methods:

MTC cell line (TT) was treated with 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 mM concentrations of Met for 24, 48, and
72h. The viability and apoptosis of the treated cells were measured by the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-
diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Annexin V- Propidium Iodide (PI) assays. The expression level of PI3K, AKT,
FOXO1, and RET genes was investigated by quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR), and
phosphorylation of their proteins was determined by the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).
Results: Results showed that Met significantly decreased the viability of the MTC cells. Met also reduced the expression
level of PI3K, AKT, and FOXO1 genes (P<0.05), whereas it elevated the expression level of RET proto-oncogene (P<0.05).

Conclusion :

It seems that the Met has cytostatic effect on the TT cells. Our results showed that anti-tumoral effects of Met
may be cell type-specific, and according to the induction of RET (as a proto-oncogene) and inhibition of FOXO1 (as a tumor
suppressor gene), Met could not be an appropriate agent in treatment of MTC. The antineoplastic activity of Met has been
confirmed against several malignancies in "in vitro" and "in vivo" studies. However, its molecular mechanisms in the
treatment of different carcinomas particularly in thyroid cancers are not clearly understood and more studies are required to
confirm its exact effect on the MTC.
Green Approaches for Cancers Management: An Effective Tool for Health Care
Authors: Gupta Jitendra , Ahuja Ashima , Gupta Reena
Published: January 2021

Background:

Cancer is one of the leading causes of an increasing number of deaths in modern
society. As the population increases, there is an increased thrust for screening newer anticancer
(phytoconstituents) agents to manage cancers. Around 35000 herbal phytoconstituents are obtained from plants,
animals and marine sources to create awareness of green therapy in managing, reducing, and minimizing side
effects of modern chemotherapeutics and radiation therapy. The herbal plants are the richest sources of natural
remedies and bioactive compounds that promote medicines' alternative systems as a green approach for
managing various cancers. The terpenoids, saponins, volatile oils, and flavonoid phytoconstituents are most
efficiently used to manage cancer with minimal side effects.

Objective:

The objectives of the present study are to investigate the efficacious, potent and safe use of herbal
phytoconstituents extracts in the management of cancers and study their mechanism of action through alteration
of transcription proteins, blocking G-2/M phase, distortion of tubulin structure, generation of reactive oxygen
species, lipid peroxidation, cell cycle arrest, and anti-proliferation induced cell apoptosis for target specific
cancer treatment. The information was collected from databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar,
Academia, MedLine, and WoS.

Methods:

The literature was surveyed, and keywords like cancer therapeutics, metastasis, proliferation, cell
apoptosis, cell lines, phytoconstituents for cancer management, and related disorders were screened.

Results:

The findings suggested that the crude extracts act as an antioxidant, free radical scavenger, or anti-aging
agent exploited in the management of cancers along with treatment of other infectious diseases like ulcers, gout,
liver diseases, respiratory tract infection, renal disorders, blood disorders, CVD, anti-inflammatory and several
wound infections.

Conclusion:

The phytoactive moieties having herbal extracts help improve the compromised immunity status of
affected patients and provide measures for scientific studies of newer anticancer agents in herbal industries.
γ-Synuclein is Closely Involved in Autophagy that Protects Colon Cancer Cell from Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Ye Qing , Peng Yuanfei , Huang Feng , Chen Jinhu , Xu Yangmei , Li Yangming , Liu Shengyuan , Huang Lijie
Published: January 2021

Background:

In previous studies, we provided evidence suggesting the involvement of γ-synuclein
in growth, invasion, and metastasis of colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Among γ-synuclein downstream
genes, the microtubule-associated protein 1 Light Chain 3 (LC3), an autophagy gene, was screened by gene expression
profile chip analysis.

Objective:

We planned to investigate the functional effects of γ-synuclein on autophagy induced by ER stress
in colon cancer cells.

Methods:

We investigated the functional effects of γ-synuclein on autophagy and apoptosis induced by Thapsigargin
(TG), ER stress-inducing agent, in colon cancer cell lines using immunofluorescence staining, RT-PCR,
western blot, CCK8 test, flow cytometry analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. To further determine
how γ-synuclein regulated autophagy and apoptosis, PD98059 (ERK inhibitor), SP600125 (ERK inhibitor), anisomycin
(JNK activator), and c-Jun siRNA were used respectively in γ-synuclein siRNA transfected HCT116
cells. Then, autophagy proteins, apoptosis proteins, and pathway proteins were detected by western blot analysis.
The expression of autophagy genes was assessed by RT-PCR.

Results:

Our data showed that ER stress-induced colon cancer cells autophagy mainly in the early stage (0-24h)
and apoptosis mainly in the late stage (24-48h). ER stress up-regulated γ-synuclein gene and protein expression
in colon cancer cells, accompanied by autophagy. γ-synuclein protected HCT116 cells by enhancing autophagy
in the early stage (0-24h) through activation of ERK and JNK pathway and inhibiting apoptosis in the late stage
(24-48h) through inhibition of the JNK pathway. γ-synuclein could promote autophagy via the JNK pathway activation
of ATG genes, LC3, Beclin 1, and ATG7. γ-synuclein may play a role in the transition between autophagy
and apoptosis in our model.

Conclusion:

Overall, we provided the first experimental evidence to show that γ-synuclein may play an important
role in autophagy that protects colon cancer cells from ER stress. Therefore, our data suggest a new molecular
mechanism for γ-synuclein-mediated CRC progression.
Nano Strategies for Diagnosis and Treatment of Inflammatory Hyperalgesia
Authors: Chopade Atul R. , Mali Suraj N. , Patil Pramod A.
Published: January 2021

Background:

There is an unmet need for effective diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammatory pain and subsequent hypersensitivity (hyperalgesia). The nanotechnology and nano drug delivery could be a probable answer to solve this problem; this novel technique will surely take diagnosis of pain and anti-inflammatory therapy to newer heights offering faster pain relief to the patient.

Objective:

This study aims to collect more information about aspects of nanotechnology based applications towards pain management.

Methods:

A systemic search has been carried out using PubMed, Google Scholar, CNKI, etc. for relevant articles.

Results and Conclusions:

The article reviews possible application of nano science for betterment of anti-inflammatory therapy, which may help pain researchers. Our systematic analysis of previous studies showed that, with the ease of nanotechnology, we can effectively lower down the side effects and tolerance associated with current pain management systems. Advance nanomaterial based therapies will undoubtedly reduce the time span associated along with fewer side effects. By merging nanotechnology aspects along with drug carrier systems, we can effectively design such systems with inherent properties to treat pain.
A(s) comunidade(s) do Mosteiro de S. Salvador de Travanca nas vésperas da sua extinção: os (des)usos do património
Authors: Mesquita Ana Sofia Brás
Published: January 2021

This article aims to analyze the role of the Monastery of S. Salvador de Travanca in the management of its heritage, which implied, in the past, relations between two communities: that of their owners and usufructuaries (the monks) and that of the group of people who connected to them, through socioeconomic, cultural and religious ties. This reality was extinguished in the liberal context (1834). In a second part, the new types of relationships are defined, given the new nature of the monastery after its extinction. Its classification, as a monument, requires the establishment of new criteria, more institutional, which are still inscribed in cultural, social and economic areas of current society, in the wake of its past
Risk Management Benefits and Challenges In Malaysia’s Landscape Architecture Project
Authors: S.Muthuveeran Adam Aruldewan , Mohd Tahir Osman , Ibrahim Roziya , Zairul Mohd
Published: January 2021

The study aims to review risk management benefits and application challenges in Malaysia landscape architecture projects. Twenty-four professional landscape architecture from Klang Valley region interviewed. Then it analysed using content, and thematic analysis method interpreted and concluded. Found a modest project awareness on risk management benefits to improve project outcome, but multiple challenges factor permits effective risk management application. The study recommended an extensive strategy integrating risk management into the landscape project management process formulated in enabling effective application.

Keywords: landscape architecture project; risk management; benefit; challenges;

eISSN 2398-4295 ©2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers (AMER); Association of  Behavioural Researchers on Asians / Africans / Arabians (ABRA); Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies (cE-Bs), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v5i19.192
Estimated Sleep Duration Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Major Metropolitan Areas on Different Continents: Observational Study of Smartphone App Data
Authors: Robbins Rebecca , Affouf Mahmoud , Weaver Matthew D , Czeisler Mark É , Barger Laura K , Quan Stuart F , Czeisler Charles A
Published: January 2021

Background

Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, public health policies to curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and its associated disease, COVID-19, have resulted in significant alterations to daily routines (eg, work-from-home policies) that may have enabled longer sleep duration among the general population.

Objective

We aimed to examine changes in estimated sleep duration in 5 major metropolitan areas before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

We conducted a prospective observational study using estimated sleep duration data obtained from a smartphone app. The data were obtained from regular users of the smartphone app before and after the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020. We compared within-subject estimated sleep duration before and during the COVID-19 pandemic using generalized linear mixed models.

Results

Among the 2,871,037 observations, 957,022 (33.3%) were from users in London; 549,151 (19.1%) were from users in Los Angeles; 846,527 (29.5%) were from users in New York City; 251,113 (8.7%) were from users in Seoul; and 267,224 (9.3%) were from users in Stockholm. The average age of the users in the sample was 35 years (SE 11 years). Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, people residing in Seoul had the shortest estimated sleep duration (mean 6 hours 28 minutes, SE 11.6 minutes) and those residing in Stockholm had the longest estimated sleep duration (mean 7 hours 34 minutes, SE 9.9 minutes). The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a 13.7 minute increase in estimated sleep duration when comparing March 2019 and March 2020 (95% CI 13.1-14.3, P<.001) and an increase of 22.3 minutes when comparing April 2019 and April 2020 (95% CI 21.5-23.1, P<.001).

Conclusions

The average estimated sleep duration increased sharply in the months after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. This finding suggests that the implementation of COVID-19 mitigation strategies has provided people worldwide with increased opportunities to sleep, which may enhance the response of the immune system to viral pathogens.