bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smart City and High-Tech Urban Interventions Targeting Human Health: An Equity-Focused Systematic Review
Authors: Buttazzoni Adrian , Veenhof Marta , Minaker Leia
Published: March 2020

Urban infrastructure systems responsible for the provision of energy, transportation, shelter, and communication to populations are important determinants of health and health equity. The term “smart city” has been used synonymously with other terms, such as “digital city”, “sustainable city”, and “information city”, even though definitional distinctions exist between terms. In this review, we use “smart cities” as a catch-all term to refer to an emerging concept in urban governance practice and scholarship that has been increasingly applied to achieve public health aims. The objective of this systematic review was to document and analyze the inclusion of equity considerations and dimensions (i.e., a measurement, analytical, or dialectical focus on systematic disparities in health between groups) in smart city interventions aimed to improve human health and well-being. Systematic searches were carried out in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Psychological Information Database (PsycINFO), the PubMed database from the National Center for Biotechnology Information, Elsevier’s database Scopus, and Web of Science, returning 3219 titles. Ultimately, 28 articles were retained, assessed, and coded for their inclusion of equity characteristics using the Cochrane PROGRESS-Plus tool (referring to (P) place of residence, (R) race, (O) occupation, (G) gender, (R) religion, (E) education, (S) socio-economic status (SES), and (S) social capital). The most frequently included equity considerations in smart city health interventions were place of residence, SES, social capital, and personal characteristics; conversely, occupation, gender or sex, religion, race, ethnicity, culture, language, and education characteristics were comparatively less featured in such interventions. Overall, it appears that most of intervention evaluations assessed in this review are still in the early testing phases, and thus did not include or feature robust evaluative designs or commercially available technologies
Soft Drinks and Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Advertising in Spain: Correlation between Nutritional Values and Advertising Discursive Strategies
Authors: Montaña Blasco Mireia , Jiménez-Morales Mònika
Published: March 2020

Spain ranks fifth among European countries for childhood obesity. Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and soft drinks (SDs) are consumed by 81% of the Spanish children weekly. Advertising is one of the factors that contributes to an obesogenic environment. This study correlated longitudinally the nutritional values of SSBs and SDs and advertising discursive strategies between 2013 and 2018 for all media. A mixed-methods approach was applied that included a quantitative analysis of advertising spend data, a content analysis and a study of the discursive strategies used in advertisements. In addition, the Nutri-score system was used in order to determine the nutritional quality of the beverages. The results were analyzed applying the Spanish advertising regulatory framework for obesity prevention. The main findings indicate an association between low nutritional value beverage advertisements and a discourse based on hedonistic elements. In order to prevent childhood obesity in Spain, a stricter regulation of advertising is necessary, especially in aspects such as the language used to present products and celebrity endorsements.
Correction: Pollard, C.M.; Booth, S. Food Insecurity and Hunger in Rich Countries—It Is Time for Action against Inequality. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 1804
Authors: Pollard Christina M. , Booth Sue
Published: March 2020

The authors wish to make the following correction to their paper published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health [...]
An Assessment of Urban Park Access Using House-Level Data in Urban China: Through the Lens of Social Equity
Authors: Yu Siqi , Zhu Xigang , He Qian
Published: March 2020

The various benefits of urban green space are gaining increasing attention nowadays. Hence, the distribution of green space has become a scrutinized concern for spatial equity among local governments and the planning scholars. This study is the first quantitative evaluation of urban park accessibility using house-level data in urban China, from the perspective of social equity. We chose Nanjing as the empirical case and examined 2709 real estate units and 79 parks within the city. Accessibility is measured by the 10-min walking distance from homes to the adjacent urban parks. Using the Street Network Analysis model in ArcGIS and the statistical methods in SPSS, the result shows that 60.5% of the real estates in Nanjing are located within a 10-min walk to access urban parks. However, this accessibility is positively correlated with housing prices, and negatively correlated with the age of the buildings, holding all other factors constant. While affluent homeowners capture a high-quality green amenity, newly-built low-income communities, where most residents are classified as a vulnerable population, have the lowest percentage of accessible green space. This study reveals the existing spatial disparities of urban park accessibility among different socio-economic groups in Nanjing, China. Additionally, we found that urban redevelopment projects with greening and the large-scale affordable housing construction are pricing out the urban poor and rural immigrants from the inner city to the urban peripheral areas. This will reduce the accessibility to urban parks and other public service facilities among the lower income families, and exacerbate the inequality among the rich and the poor in terms of their quality of life. Main findings of this study can inform policy decisions regarding equitable park provision in the construction of the green city and the sustainable development in urban China and other developing countries.
Monitoring of Airborne Mercury: Comparison of Different Techniques in the Monte Amiata District, Southern Tuscany, Italy
Authors: Rimondi Valentina , Benesperi Renato , Beutel Marc W. , Chiarantini Laura , Costagliola Pilario , Lattanzi Pierfranco , Medas Daniela , Morelli Guia
Published: March 2020

In the present study, mercury (Hg) concentrations were investigated in lichens (Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale, Parmelia saxatilis (L.) Ach., and Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th.Fr.) collected in the surrounding of the dismissed Abbadia San Salvatore Hg mine (Monte Amiata district, Italy). Results were integrated with Hg concentrations in tree barks and literature data of gaseous Hg levels determined by passive air samplers (PASs) in the same area. The ultimate goal was to compare results obtained by the three monitoring techniques to evaluate potential mismatches. Lichens displayed 180–3600 ng/g Hg, and Hg concentrations decreased exponentially with distance from the mine. Mercury concentration was lower than in Pinus nigra barks at the same site. There was a moderate correlation between Hg in lichen and Hg in bark, suggesting similar mechanisms of Hg uptake and residence times. However, correlation with published gaseous Hg concentrations (PASs) was moderate at best (Kendall Tau = 0.4–0.5, p > 0.05). The differences occurred because a) PASs collected gaseous Hg, whereas lichens and barks also picked up particulate Hg, and b) lichens and bark had a dynamic exchange with the atmosphere. Lichen, bark, and PAS outline different and complementary aspects of airborne Hg content and efficient monitoring programs in contaminated areas would benefit from the integration of data from different techniques.
Visual Storytelling, Intergenerational Environmental Justice and Indigenous Sovereignty: Exploring Images and Stories amid a Contested Oil Pipeline Project
Authors: Spiegel Samuel J. , Thomas Sarah , O’Neill Kevin , Brondgeest Cassandra , Thomas Jen , Beltran Jiovanni , Hunt Terena , Yassi Annalee
Published: March 2020

Visual practices of representing fossil fuel projects are entangled in diverse values and relations that often go underexplored. In Canada, visual media campaigns to aggressively push forward the fossil fuel industry not only relegate to obscurity indigenous values but mask evidence on health impacts as well as the aspirations of those most affected, including indigenous communities whose food sovereignty and stewardship relationship to the land continues to be affronted by oil pipeline expansion. The Tsleil-Waututh Nation, based at the terminal of the Trans Mountain Pipeline in Canada, has been at the forefront of struggles against the pipeline expansion. Contributing to geographical, environmental studies, and public health research grappling with the performativity of images, this article explores stories conveying health, environmental, and intergenerational justice concerns on indigenous territory. Adapting photovoice techniques, elders and youth illustrated how the environment has changed over time; impacts on sovereignty—both food sovereignty and more broadly; concepts of health, well-being and deep cultural connection with water; and visions for future relationships. We explore the importance of an intergenerational lens of connectedness to nature and sustainability, discussing visual storytelling not just as visual counter-narrative (to neocolonial extractivism) but also as an invitation into fundamentally different ways of seeing and interacting.
Tobacco Denormalization Indicator in the Prevalence of Positive Smoker Identity and Its Associated Factors
Authors: Ahmad Mohd Hanief , Ibrahim Mohd Ismail , Ab Rahman Azriani , Musa Kamarul Imran , Mohd Zain Faridah , Mohd Zain Rehanah , Hasan Ruhaya , Hassan Noraryana , Ahmad Imran , Idris Nur Suhaila
Published: March 2020

Positive smoker identity (PSI) is a construct that evaluates the degree of smokers’ positive thoughts, images and feeling about smoking behavior and culture. PSI encompasses the indicators related to tobacco denormalization strategy, which is one of the four WHO tobacco endgame strategies. PSmoQi is a newly validated instrument which could reliably assess PSI. This study’s objectives were to determine the prevalence of positive smoker identity and its associated factors using PSmoQi. A sample of 253 smokers from government agencies in Kota Bharu City, Malaysia were recruited using invitation letters sent to their head of agencies. Data collection was done in a briefing session voluntary attended by the smokers. Factors associated with PSI were analyzed using Multiple Logistic Regression. The prevalence of smokers with positive smoker identity was 72.3%. Factors associated with positive smoker identity were older age (Adjusted Odds ratio; AOR: 1.042; 95% confident interval; CI: 1.004, 1.081); p = 0.028), higher smoking self-concept scale Malay version (SSCS-M) score (AOR: 1.216; 95% CI: 1.112, 1.329; p < 0.001), higher heaviness index (AOR: 1.002; 95% CI: 1.001, 1.004; p = 0.011) and lower educational attainment (AOR: 0.458; 95% CI: 0.233, 0.900; p = 0.024). This study shows a high prevalence of PSI among smokers from government agencies in Kota Bharu City. Factors such as age, SSCS-M score, heaviness index and educational attainment influenced the level of positive smoker identity in a smoker. The finding would contribute an evidentiary guideline in screening smokers for smoking cessation clinic enrollment to achieve the best interventional outcome, as well as it would provide an objective indicator for tobacco denormalization status in a population.
“Enclave in Transition”: Ways of Coping of Academics from Ultra-Orthodox (Haredim) Minority Group with Challenges of Integration into the Workforce
Authors: Kalagy Tehila
Published: March 2020

Traditional societies around the world face various challenges with the introduction of “modern” values as a result of various globalization processes occurring worldwide. In the research literature, these groups are generally referred to as a “transitional societies.” The focus of the research discourse on “a society in transition” is the social change derived from the undermining of that traditional society and the weakening of its constituent values with the acquisition of higher education and modification of traditional division of roles in the family. In the last two decades, the ultra-Orthodox society in Israel has undergone far-reaching changes that are reflected in the acquisition of higher education and the accelerated entry into the employment market. In light of these changes, this study seeks to examine how the academic ultra-Orthodox deal with this integration into a work place outside the “enclave.” Methodologically, the study is based on qualitative content analysis of four focus groups, two for men and two for women, as is customary in ultra-Orthodox society. During the group discussion, participants were asked to describe how they cope with conflicts and their general professional challenges in the workplace. The findings of the study show that both the men and the women, described themselves as adaptable and coped well, despite the social difficulties facing their community and professional challenges in the employment space. The analysis of the major themes relies on the Stress and Coping theories.
Measuring Discrimination Against Transgender People at the University of the Basque Country and in a Non-University Sample in Spain
Authors: Ozamiz-Etxebarria Naiara , Picaza Maitane , Jiménez-Etxebarria Eneritz , Cornelius-White Jeffrey H. D.
Published: March 2020

Transgender people suffer from others’ negative attitudes in many situations. The university context is one environment where further progress has to be made to ensure the inclusion of transgender people. In this study, a sample of 376 undergraduate students was collected and their attitudes towards transgender people were analyzed. A comparison was made between number of years in university, and a sample from the general public. In addition, comparisons were made by gender, since the literature shows more negative attitudes toward transgender people in men than in women. The results show relatively positive attitudes toward transgender people among higher education students, but they have little knowledge of transgender identity. In turn, researchers found significant differences between different years in the university and between genders. These results support the need to expand knowledge about transgender people in the university environment.
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Roma Children Seem to Run More Risk than Non-Roma
Authors: Drobnakova Simona , Madarasova Geckova Andrea , Vargova Veronika , Schusterova Ingrid , Rosenberger Jaroslav , Klein Daniel , P van Dijk Jitse , Reijneveld Sijmen A.
Published: March 2020

Background: Ethnic information regarding juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) exists for various populations across the world but is fully lacking for Roma. We assessed the occurrence and clinical characteristics of JIA in Roma vs. non-Roma children. Methods: We obtained data on all outpatients (n = 142) from a paediatric rheumatology centre (age 3 to 18 years) in the eastern part of Slovakia (Kosice region). We assessed patients’ age, gender, disease type and related extra-articular conditions by ethnicity. We obtained population data from the 2011 census. Results: The share of Roma children was higher in the clinical JIA sample than in the overall population (24.6%, n = 35, Roma in the sample vs. 10.8%, n = 142, Roma in the population, p < 0.05). Moreover, Roma children had been diagnosed more frequently with extra-articular conditions but did not differ in other symptoms. Treatments also did not differ by ethnicity. Conclusion: Roma children had been diagnosed more with JIA than their non-Roma peers. This calls for further research on the causes of this increased disease burden in Roma children.
Micro-scale Flood Hazard Assessment Based on Catastrophe Theory and an Integrated 2-D Hydraulic Model: A Case Study of Gongshuangcha Detention Basin in Dongting Lake Area, China
Authors: Shen Dingtao , Qian Tianlu , Xia Yu , Zhang Yu , Wang Jiechen
Published: March 2020

Assessments of urban flood hazards are crucial for planning and early warning flood system design. Moreover, hazard risk assessment is useful for emergency planning and insurance. There are two common methods for conducting flood hazard risk assessments (FHRA): those based on physical models and those based on parameters. Although physical models are able to simulate flood propagation processes accurately, they also have obvious shortcomings. Parameter-based FHRAs are more comprehensive because they emphasize the analysis of hazard factors. However, this approach also has various flaws, including its qualitative, macro-scale and high subjective nature. In this study, the strengths of both methods were combined to develop a new micro-scale FHRA. Taking the FHRA of the flood storage and detention area of Dongting Lake as an example, this study used high-precision digital elevation model (DEM) data generated from an airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point cloud to construct a two-dimensional (2-D) flood propagation model. Micro-scale FHRAs were then performed using eight selected FHR indicators based on catastrophe theory. By automatically calculating the FHR value of each assessment unit based on hierarchical recursion, the catastrophe theory and catastrophe progression method effectively avoided uncertainty in weight assignment, which is an issue commonly faced by parameter-based methods. The FHRA results obtained under 144 different sequences of assessment indicators also show that the proposed method has a low sensitivity to the ranking of FHR indicators, as well as a high fault tolerance for different assessment results arising from subjective rankings by humans.
Phylogeny and Functions of LOB Domain Proteins in Plants
Authors: Zhang Yuwen , Li Ziwen , Ma Biao , Hou Quancan , Wan Xiangyuan
Published: March 2020

Lateral organ boundaries (LOB) domain (LBD) genes, a gene family encoding plant-specific transcription factors, play important roles in plant growth and development. At present, though there have been a number of genome-wide analyses on LBD gene families and functional studies on individual LBD proteins, the diverse functions of LBD family members still confuse researchers and an effective strategy is required to summarize their functional diversity. To further integrate and improve our understanding of the phylogenetic classification, functional characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of LBD proteins, we review and discuss the functional characteristics of LBD proteins according to their classifications under a phylogenetic framework. It is proved that this strategy is effective in the anatomy of diverse functions of LBD family members. Additionally, by phylogenetic analysis, one monocot-specific and one eudicot-specific subclade of LBD proteins were found and their biological significance in monocot and eudicot development were also discussed separately. The review will help us better understand the functional diversity of LBD proteins and facilitate further studies on this plant-specific transcription factor family.
A Comparative In Vitro Analysis of the Osteogenic Potential of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Using Various Differentiation Conditions
Authors: Okajcekova Terezia , Strnadel Jan , Pokusa Michal , Zahumenska Romana , Janickova Maria , Halasova Erika , Skovierova Henrieta
Published: March 2020

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have excellent proliferative properties, mineralization potential and can be easily obtained from third molar teeth. Recently, many studies have focused on isolation and differentiation of DPSCs. In our study, we focused on biological properties of non-differentiated DPSCs in comparison with osteogenic differentiated cells from DPSCs. We analyzed morphology as well as mineralization potential using three varied osteogenic differentiation media. After fifteen days of differentiation, calcium deposit production was observed in all three osteogenic differentiation media. However, only one osteogenic medium, without animal serum supplement, showed rapid and strong calcification—OsteoMAX-XF™ Differentiation Medium. Therefore, we examined specific surface markers, and gene and protein expression of cells differentiated in this osteogenic medium, and compared them to non-differentiated DPSCs. We proved a decrease in expression of CD9 and CD90 mesenchymal stem cell surface markers, as well as downregulation in the expression of pluripotency genes (NANOG and OCT-4) and increased levels of expression in osteogenic genes (ALP, BSP, OCN and RUNX2). Moreover, osteogenic proteins, such as BSP and OCN, were only produced in differentiated cells. Our findings confirm that carefully selected differentiation conditions for stem cells are essential for their translation into future clinical applications.
Quorum Sensing Activity and Hyphal Growth by External Stimuli in the Entomopathogenic Fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis
Authors: Liu Guiqing , Cao Li , Qiu Xuehong , Han Richou
Published: March 2020

The entomopathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis is one of the best known and most precious medicines and health food in China. The blastospores-hyphae (dimorphism) transition of this fungus in host hemolymph is critical for the virulence and the mummification of host larvae. To regulate this transition, the effects of inoculum density and fifteen chemicals including fungal nutrients, fungal metabolites, quorum-sensing molecules (QSMs) and insect hormones on the dimorphism in O. sinensis were investigated in vitro. The blastospores tended to exhibit budding growth when inoculated at 107 blastospores per mL, and hyphal growth at concentrations lower than 106 blastospores per mL. At 105 blastospores per mL, the percentage of hyphal formation decreased with the addition of filtered spent medium containing 107 blastospores per mL, indicating the quorum-sensing effect. Blastospores-hyphae transition in this fungus by fifteen chemicals was varied from no response to dimorphic reversion. The addition of N-acetylglucosamine at three concentrations significantly stimulated hyphal formation while inhibiting budding growth. For the first time, insect hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone was found to be involved in the hyphal formation in fungi. These results open new possibilities to regulate the dimorphism, which would be beneficial for the cultivation of the Chinese cordyceps.
Insights into the Synthesis, Secretion and Curing of Barnacle Cyprid Adhesive via Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses of the Cement Gland
Authors: Yan Guoyong , Sun Jin , Wang Zishuai , Qian Pei-Yuan , He Lisheng
Published: March 2020

Barnacles represent one of the model organisms used for antifouling research, however, knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying barnacle cyprid cementation is relatively scarce. Here, RNA-seq was used to obtain the transcriptomes of the cement glands where adhesive is generated and the remaining carcasses of Megabalanus volcano cyprids. Comparative transcriptomic analysis identified 9060 differentially expressed genes, with 4383 upregulated in the cement glands. Four cement proteins, named Mvcp113k, Mvcp130k, Mvcp52k and Mvlcp1-122k, were detected in the cement glands. The salivary secretion pathway was significantly enriched in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes, implying that the secretion of cyprid adhesive might be analogous to that of saliva. Lysyl oxidase had a higher expression level in the cement glands and was speculated to function in the curing of cyprid adhesive. Furthermore, the KEGG enrichment analysis of the 352 proteins identified in the cement gland proteome partially confirmed the comparative transcriptomic results. These results present insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the synthesis, secretion and curing of barnacle cyprid adhesive and provide potential molecular targets for the development of environmentally friendly antifouling compounds.
Caregiver Perceptions and Acceptability of a Provitamin A Carotenoid, Iron and Zinc Rich Complementary Food Blend Prepared from Common Bean and Pumpkin in Rural Uganda
Authors: Buzigi Edward , Pillay Kirthee , Siwela Muthulisi
Published: March 2020

Ugandan children are vulnerable to vitamin A deficiency (VAD), iron deficiency (ID) and zinc deficiency (ZnD) because they are fed on complementary foods (CFs) low in vitamin A, iron and zinc. This study developed a novel provitamin A carotenoid (PVAC), iron and zinc rich common bean pumpkin blend (BPB) complementary food (CF) from locally available pumpkin and common bean in Uganda and aimed to determine its acceptance, compared to a control pumpkin blend (PB). Seventy caregivers participated in the study. The sensory attributes (taste, colour, aroma, texture and general acceptability) of BPB and PB were rated using a five-point facial hedonic scale (1 = very bad, 2 = bad, 3 = neutral, 4 = good, 5 = very good). Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted to assess the perceptions of caregivers about the BPB. The chi square test was used to detect the proportion difference for each sensory attribute between BPB and PB, whilst FGD data were analysed by thematic analysis. A proportion of 64% to 96% of the caregivers rated both BPB and PB as acceptable (good to very good) for all the sensory attributes. There was no significant difference in caregiver acceptability for all attributes between BPB and PB (p > 0.05). Caregivers had positive perceptions about the taste, texture, aroma and colour of the BPB. Caregivers were keen to know the specific varieties of common bean and pumpkin used to formulate the PVAC, iron and zinc rich BPB. In conclusion, BPB was acceptable to caregivers, and they were interested to know how to prepare and use it as a CF.
Biodistribution and Anticancer Characteristics of Les-3833, A Novel 4-thiazolidinone-Based Lead Compound
Authors: Kobylinska Lesya , Lozynskii Andrii , Lesyk Roman , Stoika Rostyslav , Vari Sandor G.
Published: March 2020

Recently, we identified the promising anticancer potential of the synthetic 4-thiazolidinone-based anticancer lead compound Les-3833 which demonstrated tumor-suppressing action in vitro and in vivo. Based on the results of previous studies, the aim of this research was to investigate the cytotoxicity in vitro and the biodistribution in laboratory mice to support the biotherapeutic drug development of Les-3833. Les-3833 (2.5 mg/kg) was intravenously injected into male Balb/c mice. Measurements were performed at 5 min, 15 min, 1 h, 4 h, and 24 h time points in blood plasma, brain, liver, and kidney using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. After the administration of Les-3833, the maximum level of this compound was observed in plasma at 2.08 min. In the brain, the mean maximum concentration of Les-3833 was 7.17 ng/mL at 5 min, while after 15 min, it was not found. In the liver, at 5 min, the maximum concentration was 1190 ng/g. At 15 min, concentration of Les-3833 in the liver decreased by 14.3%; at 6 h by 22.8%; and after 24 h by 64.7%. Its maximum concentration in kidney was 404 ng/g within 5–15 min, at 1 h it decreased by 36.1%, and after 24 h by 49.3%. Thus, Les-3833 was rapidly taken up by different organs from the bloodstream, partially metabolized in the liver, and excreted mainly through the kidneys, while in the brain, a very low concentration could be observed for only a short period of time.
Diverse and Unexpected Roles of Human Monocytes/Macrophages in the Immune Response to Influenza Virus
Authors: Roberts Norbert J.
Published: March 2020

Human monocytes/macrophages play a central role in the immune response and defense of the host from influenza virus infection. They classically act as antigen-presenting cells for lymphocytes in the context of an immune cell cluster. In that setting, however, monocytes/macrophages exhibit additional, unexpected, roles. They are required for influenza virus infection of the lymphocytes in the cluster, and they are responsible for lymphocyte apoptosis via their synthesis and expression of the viral neuraminidase. Surprisingly, human alveolar macrophages, expected to be among the first cells to encounter the virus, are not susceptible to direct infection by a human influenza virus but can be infected when the virus is complexed with an antibody. Such monocyte/macrophage responses to influenza virus challenge should be considered part of a very complex but quite effective defense, since the common outcome is recovery of the host with development of immunity to the challenging strain of virus.
Progress and Prospects on Vaccine Development against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Zhang Jinyong , Zeng Hao , Gu Jiang , Li Haibo , Zheng Lixin , Zou Quanming
Published: March 2020

In December 2019, the outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to a serious pandemic in China and other countries worldwide. So far, more than 460,000 confirmed cases were diagnosed in nearly 190 countries, causing globally over 20,000 deaths. Currently, the epidemic is still spreading and there is no effective means to prevent the infection. Vaccines are proved to be the most effective and economical means to prevent and control infectious diseases. Several countries, companies, and institutions announced their programs and progress on vaccine development against the virus. While most of the vaccines are under design and preparation, there are some that have entered efficacy evaluation in animals and initial clinical trials. This review mainly focused on the progress and our prospects on field of vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2.
HIGHER EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT IN CONFLICT CONDITIONS: EVOLUTION FROM KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY TO UNDERSTANDING SOCIETY
Authors: Terepyshchyi Serhii , Khomenko Glib
Published: March 2020

Peacebuilding in society is impossible without generating and implementing an effective higher education development strategy. Education representing the ideological and value principles of humanism, democracy, tolerance, dialogue is a powerful tool in the consolidation of a conflict society, its gradual transformation into a society of understanding. In this regard, the role of the teacher in peacebuilding cannot be overestimated. Unfortunately, most politicians prefer to finance short-term projects where certain material benefit can be obtained in a minimum period of time. This is probably one of the major strategic mistakes that can cause extremely negative consequences.
In general terms, peace can be compared with a kind of humanitarian deposit that is long-term oriented. Its main dividend is the stable development of a society in which the confidence of individual citizens in each other acts as a metaphorical interest rate. That is, the greater the social trust within society, the greater the likelihood that war will not affect the territorial integrity of a particular state. The level of trust implies the support of state institutions of power from the side of ordinary citizens, as well as interpersonal trust in matters of religion, ethnic and valuebased differences. Universities should increase the level of trust within society, thus advocating as a means of conflict prevention acording to optimistic scenario or social rehabilitation acording to pesimictic scenario. However, public investment in its development should be steadily increased beside grant financial infusions.
Non-contact infrared versus axillary and tympanic thermometers in children attending primary care: a mixed-methods study of accuracy and acceptability
Authors: Hayward Gail , Verbakel Jan Y , Ismail Fatene Abakar , Edwards George , Wang Kay , Fleming Susannah , Holtman Gea A , Glogowska Margaret , Morris Elizabeth , Curtis Kathryn , van den Bruel Ann
Published: March 2020

Background

Guidelines recommend measuring temperature in children presenting with fever using electronic axillary or tympanic thermometers. Non-contact thermometry offers advantages, yet has not been tested against recommended methods in primary care.

Aim

To compare two different non-contact infrared thermometers (NCITs) to axillary and tympanic thermometers in children aged ≤5 years visiting their GP with an acute illness.

Design and setting

Method comparison study with nested qualitative component.

Method

Temperature measurements were taken with electronic axillary (Welch Allyn SureTemp®), electronic tympanic (Braun Thermoscan®), NCIT Thermofocus® 0800, and NCIT Firhealth Forehead. Parents rated acceptability and discomfort. Qualitative interviews explored parents’ experiences of the thermometers.

Results

In total, 401 children were recruited (median age 1.6 years, 50.62% male). Mean difference between the Thermofocus NCIT and axillary thermometer was −0.14°C (95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.21 to −0.06°C); lower limit of agreement was −1.57°C (95% CI = −1.69 to −1.44°C) and upper limit 1.29°C (95% CI = 1.16 to 1.42°C). A second NCIT (Firhealth) had similar levels of agreement; however, the limits of agreement between tympanic and axillary thermometers were also wide. Parents expressed a preference for the practicality and comfort of NCITs, and were mostly negative about their child’s experience of axillary thermometers. But there was willingness to adopt whichever device was medically recommended.

Conclusion

In a primary care paediatric population, temperature measurements with NCITs varied by >1°C compared with axillary and tympanic approaches. But there was also poor agreement between tympanic and axillary thermometers. Since clinical guidelines often rely on specific fever thresholds, clinicians should interpret peripheral thermometer readings with caution and in the context of a holistic assessment of the child.
The Analysis of Epidemiologic Risks of Tularemia in the Natural Focus of a Steppe Type
in the Stavropol Krai in 2003–2018 and Ways of Their Minimization
Authors: Zaitsev AA , Agapitov DS , Gnusareva OA , Ostapovich VV , Sazonov AV , Dubyansky VM
Published: March 2020

Our purpose was to study epidemiologic risks of people getting infected with tularemia in the natural focus of the steppe type in the Stavropol Krai during the periods of epidemic manifestations of varying intensity in 2003-2018 in order to develop the tactics of their minimization by means of preventive and anti-epidemic measures. Materials and methods. The study was conducted using statistical data and materials of the annual state reports on the sanitary and epidemiologic situation in the Stavropol Krai for 2003–2018. We analyzed all local cases of tularemia registered during the study period (100 cases). Results. The hunting and foodborne (38.0%), household (30.0%) and waterborne (30.0%) epidemiologic types of tularemia were identified. The increased incidence rate was observed in January – March 2017 (42 people). During this period, 47.6% of cases were of hunting-related and foodborne, 30.9% – of waterborne, and 21.5% – of household epidemiologic types of human tularemia. Discussion. In 2003-2018, not only local cases of hunting-related, foodborne and household epidemiologic types of tularemia were registered at the sporadic level, but waterborne tularemia began to prevail in people. There were multiple cases of the disease induced by infected water of local water supply systems. This must be taken into account when carrying out preventive measures. In individuals involved in hunting and cutting hares, vaccination should be carried out additionally in existing enzootic areas of the focus, where the pathogen is currently not detected in the biocenosis. The minimization of epidemiologic risks to public health is facilitated by the constant control of rodent access to local water pipelines in places of increased epizootic activity and epidemic hazard. Timely elimination of design drawbacks in the areas of water intake and sewage treatment plants and preventive disinfestation significantly reduce the risk of multiple incident cases of tularemia.
A PROPOSED MODEL OF CULTURE INFLUENCE TOWARDS INTENTION OF TAX NON-COMPLIANCE AMONG SME OWNERS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Md Radzi Nor Zuhairatun , Zainol Ariffin Zaimah
Published: March 2020

Despite the importance of SME as the backbone of Malaysia in generating national income, prior studies on tax non-compliance have focused little on culture influence as one of the predictors of tax non-compliance. With the multicultural society which has a different culture, belief, and value, it is important to examine culture influence towards tax non-compliance, so that actions can be taken by the IRBM to deter tax non-compliance of SME owners. Therefore, this study attempts to propose a conceptual framework of Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Theory to be used in examining culture influence towards the intention of tax non-compliance among SME owners.
CUSTOMER PREFERENCES ON COFFEE SHOP CONSUMPTIONS: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL
Authors: Gautama Himawan Adrian , Rahadi Raden Aswin
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study is to discuss the difference in motivation in coffee consumption and awareness of its effect on peoples. For this research, we will conduct a past literature review made from 23 papers that are being synthesized. The analysis of the literature found that customer preferences influencing coffee purchases are: Taste, product design, ambiance, brand influence, location accessibility, and price are the most customer preferences on their purchasing of coffee. These preferences will determine the choices of customers in choosing a coffee shop to make a purchase and will determine any differences in the purchasing power of coffee. The limitation of this research is that this research only studies customers’ preferences for coffee shops. The findings of this study will be useful for the stakeholders, coffee shop owners, and coffee shop consumers in different areas of Jakarta. In the future, the qualitative and quantitative research process can be conducted to reconfirm and to improve the findings of this paper.
КОНТEНТ ВИЗУАЛИЗАЦИЯСИ ЗАМОНАВИЙ ИНТEРНEТ НАШРЛАРИ УЧУН ЭНГ МУҲИМ ТEНДEНЦИЯ СИФАТИДА
Authors: Qoraboeva Munisa
Published: March 2020

Жаҳон миқёсида бўлгани каби Ўзбекистонда ҳам журналистик фаолиятнинг янги тури саналмиш интернет журналистика тез ва шиддат билан ривожланиб бормоқда. Бу даврда журналистика аудитория талабига кўра янги визуал контентга эҳтиёж сезмоқда. Мақолада замонавий интeрнeт нашрлари учун энг муҳим тeндeнция сифатида контeнт визуализацияси ўрганилган. Илмий тадқиқотларда интернет нашрлар визуалиазацияси етарлича тадқиқ этилмагани мақоланинг долзарблигини оширади. Унда визуал ахборотнинг аҳамияти, визуализациянинг тарихий тараққиёти, дата журналистикасининг бугунги кун учун зарурияти илмий асосланган. Шунингдек, соҳа доирасидаги олимлар, тадқиқотчилар фикри, илмий қарашлари баён этилган. Мазкур фикрлар асосида миллий интернет сегментидаги нашрлар, жумладан, “kun.uz” ва “xabar.uz” сайтлари таҳлил қилинган бўлиб, уларда мультимедиавий жанрларнинг етарлича қўлланмаётгани мисоллар асосида тадқиқ қилинган. Жаҳон амалиётида визуализация қўлланилаётган етакчи интернет нашрлар тажрибаси ўрганилган. Янги визуал форматларнинг ўзига хослигини ўрганиш натижасида уларнинг назарий асосларини яратиш зарурати кўндаланг тургани хулоса қисмида бериб ўтилган. Олинган натижалар миллий интернет нашрларнинг визуал ахборот тақдим қилиш кўникмасини янада такомиллаштириш ҳамда бу борадаги билимларни янада бойитишга хизмат қилади.
Perancangan Aplikasi Penjualan Berbasis Web pada CV. Jawi
Authors: Trisakti Bayu , Pratama Fandy Indra
Published: March 2020

Penyajian informasi tentang penjualan produk di tempat kerja praktek yaitu CV.JAWI yang menggunakan cara manual yaitu promosi produk dengan menggunakan media brosur dan tanya langsung pada pihak perusahaan, sehingga informasi tentang penjualan produk masih belum meluas serta hanya diketahui oleh orang-orang sekitar perusahaan tersebut. Tujuan dari kerja praktek ini membuat perancangan aplikasi penjualan berbasis web agar masyarakat luas dapat dengan mudah memperoleh informasi tentang penjualan produk. Metode yang digunakan untuk perancangan aplikasi ini menggunakan model waterfall dengan pendekatan sistem berorientasi objek yang dimodelkan menggunakan UML (Unified Modelling Language). Hasil akhir dari perancangan aplikasi adalah perancangan sistem yang dapat memberikan kemudahan konsumen untuk mendapatkan informasi semua produk yang dijual sehingga menjadi efisien bagi perusahaan dan konsumen.
Chlorophyll fluorescence in castor bean fertilized with castor cake and nickel
Authors: Maia Júnior S. O. , Ferreira R. S. , Figueredo L. F. , Andrade J. R. , Pedroza J. P.
Published: March 2020

The objective of this work was to evaluate the chlorophyll fluorescence of castor bean in response to fertilization with castor bean and nickel. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment at the Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, in the city of Campina Grande, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, in factorial 4x4, with four doses of castor cake: 0; 1.0; 2.0 and 3.0 t ha-1 and four concentrations of Nickel: 0; 4.0; 8.0 and 12.0 mg L-1, with four replicates. At 60 and 85 days of cultivation was evaluated the chlorophyll fluorescence of the castor bean plants cv. BRS Energia. The Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo and Fo/Fm ratios were influenced by castor cake doses at 60 and 85 days. While foliar application of nickel at 60 days influenced only Fv/Fo, and at 80 days only Fo was not affected. Increasing castor cake doses reduces the photosynthetic efficiency of the castor bean plants, but does not damage the integrity of PSII. Foliar applications of nickel up to 12 mg L-1 increase the photosynthetic capacity of the castor bean at 85 days of cultivation.
OCCUPATIONAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH. THE WRINKLE RECOVERY ANGLE (WRA) STUDY OF FABRIC THAT NANO-SILVER TREATED
Authors: Pirzada A. M. , Vambol S. , Khatri Z. , Aziz A. , Samoon N. A. , Shaikh S. , Ali M. , Sikandar S.
Published: March 2020

The constant use of wrinkle-resistant cellulose fabrics in professional and everyday life can negatively affect the health state. This is because formaldehyde vapours, which contribute to allergies, persistent coughing, and irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, sleep disturbances, headaches, etc., pose a greater danger. In this study an attempt was made to achieve fabric stabilization from wrinkle resistant by formation ionic bonds of as replacement covalent bonds. And this is the main study purpose. Industrially Desized and Bleached 100 % pure cotton fabric with the weight of 110 g/m2, and the chemicals were used. Preparation of cationic glycerine, carboxymethylation of bleached fabric and application of antimicrobial finishes on the ionic cross-linked fabric was provided. Measurements were taken to determine of wrinkle recovery angle (WRA), of absorbency, of whiteness index, of flexural rigidity, of abrasion, of tensile strength. Wrinkle recovery angle was measured by standard method of AATCC 66 (option 2). AATCC Test Method 79-2000 was used to test the absorbency of fabric. The CIE whiteness index was determined using an Xrite Colour Eye 7000A spectrophotometer. Flexural Rigidity was measured through a testing cantilever method ASTM D-1388. Fabric abrasion was checked according to standard method for abrasion resistance of textile fabric ASTM 4966 on Martindale Abrasion Device M235. Mechanical strength of the fabric was measured under the standard method of ASTM D-5034. With the ionic cross-linking, the dry WRA was achieved an optimum of 118º and wet WRA up to 128º with increased fabric strength and whiteness. In addition to ionic cross-linking fabric was treated with Nano silver. Based on the results it was concluded that the fabric can be optimized first with ionic cross-link method and then it can be treated with the antimicrobial making the fabric cleaner and hygienic. This fabric treatment provides the necessary characteristics and is safe for the health of the people who use it.
The Western Balkans on its path to the European Union
Authors: Mojsovska Silvana
Published: March 2020

EU membership has been a compelling goal for the Western Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia), related to the bloc’s stability, economic prosperity and higher standard of living. Each of these countries pursues its own process of EU accession while being also a part of the regional initiatives under the auspices of the EU. This paper provides an overview of the EU accession process of the Western Balkan countries, focusing on their individual achievements and challenges, as well as common features and problems. Also, the content andprospects of regional integration of the Western Balkans through the Regional Economic Area (REA) programme, along with the role of the EU in supporting the regional perspective are discussed. The parallel Western Balkans engagement in both processes supports arguments for the prioritisation of the individual countries’ accession to the EU over Western Balkans regional integration, distinguishing also the challenges of both processes. The methodology for the elaboration of this paper includes methods of analysis and synthesis, based on extensive desk research of available materials.
Avançar no escuro
Authors: Frota Daniel
Published: March 2020

Uma expedição científica britânica foi organizada para observar o eclipse de 1919 em Sobral, no Ceará, e obter a comprovação da teoria da relatividade de Einstein.  Relações políticas entre crenças populares e científicas marcaram o evento no qual a fotografia surge como instrumento para revelação da incompletude do conhecimento e do caráter ficcional das teorias.
Transparência e reflexo (sobre duas obras de Dan Graham)
Authors: Pera Luiz Renato Montone
Published: March 2020

Transparência e reflexo, quando aplicados à arquitetura, são qualidades materiais que assinalam um modo singular de experiência do sujeito no ambiente urbano capitalista altamente midiatizado. Neste artigo, procuro analisar a utilização destas qualidades materiais em obras do artista norte-americano Dan Graham (1942), entendidas como modos de aproximar-se criticamente da arquitetura moderna e contemporânea.
El Lissitzky e o uso da fotografia como linguagem universal
Authors: Da Silva Vitor Marcelino
Published: March 2020

Este artigo propõe-se a perceber como a fotografia foi incorporada no trabalho do artista russo El Lissitzky nos mais diversos âmbitos de apresentação (fotomontagem, projetos para exposição e revista ilustrada) à partir das reflexões levantadas pelo próprio artista em seu texto "Our book" escrito 1926.
Jogos reflexivos: Os pavilhões de Dan Graham
Authors: Masson Michel Nunes Lopes
Published: March 2020

Levando em conta as operações efetuadas e a experiência proposta por Dan Graham, o artigo procura investigar a dimensão crítica dos seus pavilhões.
Da natureza antagônica da forma na obra de arte
Authors: Corrêa Patricia
Published: March 2020

O texto elabora uma aproximação conceitual entre dois usos da teoria da Gestalt na arte: um pelo crítico Mário Pedrosa no Brasil, outro pelo artista Robert Morris nos Estados Unidos. Através de intervenções estratégicas em seus distintos ambientes e circuitos, ambos afirmam o antagonismo entre forma artística e forma gestáltica.
Produção de mulheres nas “Revistas de Invenção” dos anos 70
Authors: Paros Felipe Martins
Published: March 2020

Levantamento sobre a colaboração feminina em publicações de vanguarda brasileiras das décadas de 50 em diante, relacionadas ao Movimento da Poesia Concreta, a partir de originais em acervos privados. Mulheres e suas produções começarão a aparecer nas páginas dessas revistas apenas nos anos 70, no âmbito da chamada Poesia Visual.
O Museu Nacional de Belas Artes nos anos de 1961-1964
Authors: Nascimento Gabrielle
Published: March 2020

A intenção deste trabalho é compreender os conflitos na direção de José Roberto Teixeira Leite no Museu Nacional de Belas Artes (MNBA-RJ), entre 1961 e 1964. Para tanto, são analisados, em conjunto, a elaboração do projeto do MNBA e os debates museológicos no contexto do pós-guerra.