bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O projeto educacional emancipatório moderno e a crise do esclarecimento
Authors: Zatti Vicente
Published: August 2013

O projeto educacional emancipatório moderno, como projeto do esclarecimento, foi fundamentado especialmente nas concepções de racionalidade e sujeito formulados pelo filósofo Immanuel Kant. A partir do século XIX, filósofos como Nietzsche, Heidegger e Adorno põem sob suspeita esse projeto emancipatório ao demonstrar seus fundamentos não metafísicos. A racionalidade, na modernidade considerada como luz esclarecedora, passa a ser interpretada como um instrumento de dominação da realidade tendo em vista um interesse técnico-científico. Tais críticas expurgam as pretensões totalitárias do projeto educacional emancipatório moderno e nos remete à sua revisão.
“Por que o mundo odeia o Papa Bento XVI?”: uma investigação sobre o julgamento à luz do Sistema de Avaliatividade
Authors: Santos Alex Luís dos , Carmo Cláudio Márcio do
Published: August 2013

O presente artigo faz uma análise, à luz do Sistema de Avaliatividade, do texto "Por que o mundo odeia o Papa Bento XVI?", cuja autoria é atribuída ao Abade Cacqueray. Focaliza-se especificamente o julgamento como uma das formas de se realizar o posicionamento atitudinal do produtor. Destarte, o trabalho preocupa-se com a linguagem que critica ou elogia, que condena ou aplaude o comportamento - as ações, atos, palavras, crenças, motivações - assumidos no texto em foco.
Desenvolvimento de material didático para práticas de leitura e tradução em aulas de língua inglesa com finalidades específicas: o caso da disciplina inglês técnico na Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro/UENF em Campos dos Goytacazes
Authors: Souza Carlos Fabiano de
Published: August 2013

O presente trabalho visa apresentar o material didático confeccionado para a disciplina Inglês Técnico vinculada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Cognição e Linguagem da UENF. A elaboração de qualquer material de apoio ao ensino é uma tarefa árdua, demandando investigação, análise, técnica, criatividade e, sobretudo, tempo. Portanto, espera-se que as informações neste artigo sejam relevantes para a produção de futuros materiais educacionais a serem utilizados no processo ensino-aprendizagem de leitura e tradução em aulas de inglês para fins específicos, em especial.
Global Television Formats: Genesis and Growth
Authors: Moran Albert
Published: August 2013

Beginning in 1999 with Big Brother, the international television industry has seen a succession of mega programme formats over the past fifteen years. Yet, while critical researchers scramble to make sense of this phenomenon, the fact is that the practice of media franchising is not new, even if its place in the spotlight is relatively recent. To support my overall claim about the longevity of programme replication, I will consider the trajectory of content remaking since the 1930s in terms of four periods. The article identifies the programme remaking that occurred in each stage. It also pinpoints a cluster of factors that helped precipitate each new phase, thereby contributing to the emerging field of global television format studies.
Television across Boundaries: Localisation of Big Brother Africa
Authors: Ndlela Martin Nkosi
Published: August 2013

This article explores the localisation of the Big Brother Africa format in the sub-Saharan Africa. It examines the production structures that exist, and the main actors involved in the localisation. It also examines the central factors taken into consideration during the localisation process. The article argues that as the format passes through different stages in the production process, from idea conception to broadcasting, several inputs are ploughed in to suit the cultural specificity of the target audience.
Cash transfers for HIV prevention: considering their potential
Authors: Heise Lori , Lutz Brian , Ranganathan Meghna , Watts Charlotte
Published: August 2013

Introduction

Cash payments to vulnerable households and/or individuals have increasingly garnered attention as a means to reduce poverty, improve health and achieve other development‐related outcomes. Recent evidence from Malawi and Tanzania suggests that cash transfers can impact HIV‐related behaviours and outcomes and, therefore, could serve as an important addition to HIV prevention efforts.

Discussion

This article reviews the current evidence on cash transfers for HIV prevention and suggests unresolved questions for further research. Gaps include (1) understanding more about the mechanisms and pathways through which cash transfers affect HIV‐related outcomes; (2) addressing key operational questions, including the potential feasibility and the costs and benefits of different models of transfers and conditionality; and (3) evaluating and enhancing the wider impacts of cash transfers on health and development.

Conclusions

Ongoing and future studies should build on current findings to unpack unresolved questions and to collect additional evidence on the multiple impacts of transfers in different settings. Furthermore, in order to address questions on sustainability, cash transfer programmes need to be integrated with other sectors and programmes that address structural factors such as education and programming to promote gender equality and address HIV.
Long-Term Recurrence-Free Survival After Metachronous Surgery of the Stomach and Liver for Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Multiple, Synchronous Liver Metastases: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Kiyasu Yoshito
Published: August 2013

This report describes a 58-year-old woman with gastric adenocarcinoma and liver metastases, who survives for more than 18 years after diagnosis. At diagnosis and first surgery, a moderately differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma with subserosal invasion was detected, along with 2 regional lymph node metastases and 2 liver metastases. She underwent gastrectomy and regional lymph node dissection but did not undergo liver operation then. After gastrectomy, she received adjuvant chemotherapy for 1 month but discontinued it due to severe diarrhea. Another metastasis in another area of the liver was detected, for which she underwent excision of the right lobe of the liver (subsegments 5, 6, and 7) about 30 months later. No signs of recurrence have been detected for 18 years (as of March 2012). This patient represents a rare case of long-term survival of gastric adenocarcinoma without recurrence after surgical treatment, despite multiple, synchronous, liver and regional lymph node metastases.
Comparison of Three Different Minimally Invasive Procedures of Distal Gastrectomy for Nonoverweight Patients with T1N0-1 Gastric Cancer
Authors: Haga Norihiro , Ishiguro Toru , Kuwabara Kouki , Kumamoto Kensuke , Kumagai Youichi , Baba Hiroyuki , Ishibashi Keiichiro , Ishida Hideyuki
Published: August 2013

Laparoscopic-assisted distal gastrectomy has recently come to be a standard procedure for the treatment of early gastric cancer1–5 in select patients. The minimal invasiveness associated with laparoscopic procedures for the resection of gastrointestinal cancer has been repeatedly explained in part by the short incision that is required.6–11 We used two different approaches to perform distal gastrectomies for the resection of gastric cancer as minimally invasive alternatives to a standard laparoscopic approach prior to our surgical team's complete mastery of the skills required for laparoscopic oncological surgery for gastric cancer.9,12 If the minimal invasiveness associated with laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy can be explained by the small incision, a gastrectomy via a small incision without the use of a pneumoperitoneum may provide a similar outcome in patients. However, to our knowledge, such a comparison has not been previously made. We compared the minimal invasiveness of three different approaches (minilaparotomy, minilaparotomy approach with laparoscopic assistance, and standard laparoscopic-assisted approach) to performing a distal gastrectomy for T1N0-1 gastric cancer in nonoverweight patients (body mass index, ≤25 kg/m2) performed within a limited study period.
Rational Manipulation of the Standard Laparoscopic Instruments for Single-Incision Laparoscopic Right Colectomy
Authors: Watanabe Makoto , Murakami Masahiko , Kato Takashi , Onaka Toru , Aoki Takeshi
Published: August 2013

This report clarifies the rational manipulation of standard laparoscopic instruments for single-incision laparoscopic right colectomy (SILRC) using the SILS Port. We classified the manipulations required into 4 techniques. Vertical manipulation was required for medial-to-lateral retroperitoneal dissection. Frontal manipulation was needed for extension and establishment of a retroperitoneal plane. External crossing manipulation was used for dissection or ligation of the ileocolic or right colic vessels. Internal crossing manipulation was required for mobilization from the cecum to ascending colon. We performed SILRC for a series of 30 consecutive patients. One additional port was needed in 5 of the patients (16.7%) because of severe adhesion between the ileum and abdominal wall. No intraoperative complications were encountered. Four rational manipulations of the standard laparoscopic instruments are required for SILRC using the SILS Port. However, more experience and comparative trials are needed to determine the exact role of SILRC.
Oncologic Outcome With Use of Sodium Hyaluronate–Carboxymethylcellulose Barrier in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Mohri Yasuhiko , Tanaka Koji , Uchida Keiichi , Ohi Masaki , Inoue Mikihiro , Araki Toshimitsu , Inoue Yasuhiro , Kusunoki Masato
Published: August 2013

Hyaluronan is a component of an anti-adhesive barrier and has been implicated in tumor growth and metastasis. We aimed to determine whether this anti-adhesive barrier was associated with rates of postoperative complications and duration of survival in patients with gastric cancer. We identified 415 consecutive patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy. Information about patients' demographics, medical history, surgical procedures, postoperative complications, disease stage, histology, and survival was collected from medical records. One hundred and ninety-six patients received intraoperative placement of an anti-adhesive barrier composed of hyaluronan–carboxymethylcellulose (HA-CMC) (HA-CMC group), and 219 did not (control group). The incidence of postoperative complications was significantly increased in the control group (22.8%) compared with the HA-CMC group (13.3%). However, there was no significant difference in overall survival between the HA-CMC and control groups. Our study suggests that the anti-adhesive barrier does not affect oncologic outcome, nor does it increase postoperative complications in patients undergoing surgery for gastric cancer.
Sex Differences Between cT4b and pT4b Rectal Cancers
Authors: Komori Koji , Kimura Kenya , Kinoshita Takashi , Sano Tsuyoshi , Ito Seiji , Abe Tetsuya , Senda Yoshiki , Misawa Kazunari , Ito Yuichi , Uemura Norihisa , Shimizu Yasuhiro
Published: August 2013

We retrospectively evaluated rectal cancer surgery cases in which resection had been performed for invasion of other organs in terms of pathologic findings from the viewpoint of sex differences. We enrolled 61 consecutive patients with rectal cancer who had undergone curative surgery with resection of invaded adjacent organs. We investigated invasion of adjacent organs in terms of pathologic findings according to sex differences. Among males, 4 cases (13.8%) had received combined radical resections of more than 2 organs, while the number of such female cases was 15 (46.9%). The difference between males and females was statistically significant (P = 0.006). Among male cases, histopathologic invasion was present in 4 (13.8%), while 9 female cases (28.1%) showed this feature. Nevertheless, there was not a statistically significant difference between males and females (P = 0.08); the rate in females was roughly twice that in males. No significant difference was recognized in the overall survival rates between males and females, but more females than males experienced local recurrence. In cases with rectal cancer invading neighboring organs, the effect of the invasion must be carefully determined, and the most appropriate operative approach selected accordingly.
Clinical and Pathologic Prognostic Factors That Are Influential in the Survival and Prognosis of Lung Adenocarcinomas and Invasive Predominant Subtypes
Authors: Zeybek Arife , Toru Serap , Özbudak İrem Hicran , Sarper Alpay , Oz Necdet , Bozcuk Hakan , Özbilim Gülay , Demircan Abid
Published: August 2013

Therapeutic approaches to lung adenocarcinomas differ because of their heterogeneous morphologies, prognoses, and clinical features. For this reason, new histopathologic classifications for lung adenocarcinomas were done by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society to form subtypes with homogeneous prognoses. There are limited clinical data in the literature on the prognosis of the subgroups formed according to the new classification. A total of 86 patients with adenocarcinoma who had undergone pathologic stages I and II curative resection and mediastinal lymph node dissection were retrospectively analyzed according to the seventh TNM staging system revised by the Union for International Cancer Control/American Joint Committee on Cancer. Histologic subtyping was reassessed according to the dominant histopathologic morphology. When survival rates of lung adenocarcinomas were compared according to their localizations, it was observed that adenocarcinomas localized to the right hemithorax had a longer survival than the ones with left hemithorax localization (P = 0.026). When necrosis was taken into account, it was seen that necrosis rate was higher in solid predominant type compared with other types, whereas it was lower in acinary type (P = 0.046). When peritumoral lymphovascular invasion data were assessed, it was observed that disease-free survival was influenced in a negative fashion (P = 0.018). New histopathologic classification of adenocarcinomas has been a step forward to attaining homogeneous groups, but when the biologic heterogeneity of the adenocarcinomas is taken into account, the authors believe that considering the peritumoral lymphatic vascular invasion, left hemithorax localization, and tumoral necrosis entities in the upcoming TNM classification will contribute to evaluating the prognosis.
Impact of Less Invasive Treatments Including Sclerotherapy With a New Agent and Hemorrhoidopexy for Prolapsing Internal Hemorrhoids
Authors: Tokunaga Yukihiko , Sasaki Hirokazu
Published: August 2013

Conventional hemorrhoidectomy is applied for the treatment of prolapsing internal hemorrhoids. Recently, less-invasive treatments such as sclerotherapy using aluminum potassium sulphate/tannic acid (ALTA) and a procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (PPH) have been introduced. We compared the results of sclerotherapy with ALTA and an improved type of PPH03 with those of hemorrhoidectomy. Between January 2006 and March 2009, we performed hemorrhoidectomy in 464 patients, ALTA in 940 patients, and PPH in 148 patients with second- and third-degree internal hemorrhoids according to the Goligher's classification. The volume of ALTA injected into a hemorrhoid was 7.3 ± 2.2 (mean ± SD) mL. The duration of the operation was significantly shorter in ALTA (13 ± 2 minutes) than in hemorrhoidectomy (43 ± 5 minutes) or PPH (32 ± 12 minutes). Postoperative pain, requiring intravenous pain medications, occurred in 65 cases (14%) in hemorrhoidectomy, in 16 cases (1.7%) in ALTA, and in 1 case (0.7%) in PPH. The disappearance rates of prolapse were 100% in hemorrhoidectomy, 96% in ALTA, and 98.6% in PPH. ALTA can be performed on an outpatient basis without any severe pain or complication, and PPH is a useful alternative treatment with less pain. Less-invasive treatments are beneficial when performed with care to avoid complications.
Laparoscopy-Assisted Distal Gastrectomy for an Early Gastric Cancer Patient With Situs Inversus Totalis
Authors: Fujikawa Hirohito , Yoshikawa Takaki , Aoyama Toru , Hayashi Tsutomu , Cho Haruhiko , Ogata Takashi , Shirai Jyunya , Oshima Takashi , Yukawa Norio , Rino Yasushi , Masuda Munetaka , Tsuburaya Akira
Published: August 2013

Situs inversus totalis (SIT) is a congenital condition in which there is complete right to left reversal of the thoracic and abdominal organs. This report describes laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) for an early gastric cancer patient with SIT. The preoperative diagnosis was c-stage IA (cT1a cN0 cH0 cP0 cM0). LADG with D1+ dissection and Billroth-I reconstruction was successfully performed by standing at the opposite position. The operating time was 234 minutes and blood loss was 5 mL. Although a mechanical obstruction occurred after surgery, the patient recovered after re-operation with Roux-en-Y bypass.
Significance of Tumor Length as Prognostic Factor for Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Zeybek Arife , Erdoğan Abdullah , Gülkesen Kemal Hakan , Ergin Makbule , Sarper Alpay , Dertsiz Levent , Demircan Abid
Published: August 2013

Our study indicated the relationship between tumor length and clinicopathologic characteristics as well as long-term survival in esophageal cancer. A total of 116 patients who underwent curative surgery for thoracic esophageal cancer with standard lymphadenectomy in 2 fields between 2000 and 2010 were included in the study. The medical records of these patients were retrospectively reviewed. The patients with tumor length ≥3 cm had a highly significant difference in the involvement of adventitia and lymph node stations. The patients with tumor length ≤3 cm had significantly lower rates of involvement of the adventitia and lymph node stations. Tumor length could have a significant impact on both the overall survival and disease-free survival of patients with resected esophageal carcinomas and may provide additional prognostic value to the current tumor, node, and metastasis staging system before patients receive any cancer-specific treatment.
Laparoscopic Resection of a Retroperitoneal Liposarcoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Nomura Ryohei , Tokumura Hiromi , Matsumura Naoki
Published: August 2013

Here, we describe a case of a retroperitoneal liposarcoma successfully managed by laparoscopic surgery. A 72-year-old man underwent abnormal hypertension screening using computed tomography (CT), which revealed a low-density mass measuring 7 cm in diameter in the retroperitoneal space. We diagnosed the mass as a liposarcoma before the operation. The mass was resected laparoscopically. No perioperative complications were encountered, and the patient was discharged on the fourth postoperative day. The pathologic diagnosis was well-differentiated liposarcoma, indicating complete surgical resection. Thus, we conclude that a laparoscopic approach for the patients with retroperitoneal tumors, including liposarcomas, is safe, feasible, and minimally invasive, even if there is a possibility of the tumor being malignant.
Hierarchical Nanowire Arrays Based on ZnO Core−Layered Double Hydroxide Shell for Largely Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Shao Mingfei , Ning Fanyu , Wei Min , Evans David G. , Duan Xue
Published: August 2013

Well‐aligned hierarchical nanoarrays containing ZnO core and layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoplatelets shell have been synthesized via a facile electrosynthesis method. The resulting ZnO@CoNi–LDH core−shell nanoarray exhibits promising behavior in photoelectrochemical water splitting, giving rise to a largely enhanced photocurrent density as well as stability; much superior to those of ZnO‐based photoelectrodes. This is attributed to the successful integration of photogenerated electron–hole separation originating from the ZnO core and the excellent electrocatalytic activity of LDH shell. This work provides a facile and cost‐effective strategy for the fabrication of multifunctional nanoarrays with a hierarchical structure, which can be potentially used in energy storage and conversion devices.
Hypothenar hammer syndrome: A multicenter case–control study
Authors: Scharnbacher Jutta , Claus Matthias , Reichert Jörg , Röhrl Tobias , Hoffmann Ulrich , Ulm Kurt , Letzel Stephan , Nowak Dennis
Published: August 2013

Background

The rarely diagnosed hypothenar hammer syndrome (HHS) is due to vascular damage to the distal part of the ulnar artery probably caused by acute or repetitive blunt trauma to the hypothenar region. To date, mainly case reports have been published, while epidemiological data are almost absent.

Aim

To identify potential risk factors for HHS.

Method

An interview‐based multicenter case–control study of 71 patients with HHS and 105 matched controls was conducted with standardized questions regarding disease specific variables, occupation, exposure of the hands to different types of trauma in occupational and leisure context. Medical data were verified from individual medical records.

Results

Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that using the hand as a hammer on a daily basis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 17.04, 95% CI 5.51–52.67) daily pressure to the palm of the hand (aOR 4.96, 95% CI 1.39–17.71), and daily exposure to vibrating tools (aOR 3.41, 95% CI 1.03–11.31) were significant risk factors for HHS.

Conclusions

This investigation represents one of the largest groups of patients with HHS described so far. Work‐related repeated blunt trauma to the palm of the hand significantly increases the risk of HHS. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:1352–1358, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diffusing capacity and forced vital capacity in 5,003 asbestos‐exposed workers: Relationships to interstitial fibrosis (ILO profusion score) and pleural thickening
Authors: Miller Albert , Warshaw Raphael , Nezamis James
Published: August 2013

Background

Asbestosis is an interstitial lung disease whose radiographic severity has long been graded by the International Labour Office (ILO) profusion score. Its effect on pulmonary function is further impacted by asbestos related pleural thickening.

Objectives

This report aims to describe the relationships between radiographic grading of interstitial and pleural fibrosis and a key test of pulmonary function, the diffusing capacity, which measures gas exchange and has rarely been assessed in large groups, and to confirm the relationship to an independent test of pulmonary function, the vital capacity, which measures a mechanical property of the lungs.

Methods

The data were derived from a survey during the period 1997–2004 of 5,003 workers (all white males) exposed to asbestos in various trades. Tests included chest radiographs read by a certified expert (“B”) reader, forced vital capacity (FVC), and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLco). Cigarette smoking was adjusted for in the predictive equation for DLCO. Workers were evaluated at a mobile facility at work sites in four southern states.

Results

Both diffusing capacity and vital capacity were negatively correlated with profusion score over the full spectrum of radiographic severity. ILO profusion scores 0/1 (conventionally classified as normal) and 1/0 (conventionally classified as abnormal) were associated with similar diffusing capacity and vital capacity values. The highest profusion scores were associated with a greater proportionate decrease in diffusing capacity than in FVC. Both tests showed an effect of pleural fibrosis.

Conclusions

Both radiographic severity graded by the profusion score and pleural thickening are correlated with two independent measures of pulmonary function. FVC (which had been reported in smaller work forces) and DLCO (which has not been reported). Both measures show a decrease from normal to intermediate (0/1, 1/0) scores and a further decrease with greater scores, demonstrating the consistency of radiographic and functional assessments. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:1383–1393, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Total serum immunoglobulin E as a marker for missed antigens on in vitro allergy screening
Authors: Hatcher Jeanne L. , Cohen Samuel D. , Mims J. Whit
Published: August 2013

Background

The diagnosis of inhalant allergies involves a medical history, physical exam, and allergen sensitivity testing; allergen sensitivity can be assessed by a specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) screen for inhalant allergens. Some patients with clinical suspicion for inhalant allergies have a negative specific IgE screen, but high total IgE. We theorize that elevated total IgE may indicate a false‐negative screen caused by “missed allergens” not initially identified.

Methods

Study patients with a negative allergy screen and elevated IgE (>116 kU/L) were identified (n = 26). Control patients (n = 26) were defined as having a negative screen and an IgE <2.95 kU/L. Both groups were tested with an expanded specific IgE panel and completed a questionnaire about other causes of elevated IgE.

Results

The expanded panel was positive for inhalant allergens in 4 study patients (15%) and 0 control patients (p = 0.037). Within the study patients, 50% had asthma and 76.9% had chronic sinusitis. Only 2 control patients had asthma (11.5%), p = 0.003; 4 (19.2%) reported chronic sinusitis, p < 0.0001. Food allergen sensitivity was identified in 5 study patients and 1 control, p = 0.083.

Conclusion

This pilot study evaluated patients clinically suspected of allergy with a negative inhalant IgE screen. Those with a high total IgE were more likely to have a missed inhalant allergen on expanded testing, as well as asthma and chronic sinusitis, compared to those with a low total IgE. Further investigation of “missed antigen” and the role of chronic respiratory inflammatory disease in patients with elevated total IgE is warranted.
Therapeutic prospects for Parkinson disease
Authors: Olanow C. Warren , Schapira Anthony H. V.
Published: August 2013

Dopaminergic therapies such as levodopa have provided benefit for millions of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and revolutionized the treatment of this disorder. However patients continue to experience disability despite the best of modern treatment. Dopaminergic and surgical therapies are associated with potentially serious side effects. Non‐motor and non‐dopaminergic features such as freezing, falling, and dementia are not adequately controlled with available medications and represent the major source of disability for advanced patients. And, the disease continues to relentlessly progress. Major therapeutic unmet needs include a dopaminergic therapy that is not associated with serious side effects, a therapy that addresses the non‐motor and non‐dopaminergic features of the disease, and a disease‐modifying therapy that slows or stops disease progression. This review will consider current attempts to address these issues and the obstacles that must be overcome in order to develop more effective therapies for PD. Ann Neurol 2013;74:337–347
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Problems and prospects
Authors: Sreedharan Jemeen , Brown Robert H.
Published: August 2013

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a lethal degenerative disorder of motoneurons, which may occur concurrently with frontotemporal dementia. Genetic analyses of the ∼10% of ALS cases that are dominantly inherited provide insight into ALS pathobiology. Two broad themes are evident. One, prompted by investigations of the SOD1 gene, is that conformational instability of proteins triggers downstream neurotoxic processes. The second, from studies of the TDP43, FUS, and C9orf72 genes, is that perturbations of RNA processing can be highly adverse in motoneurons. Several investigations support the concept that non‐neuronal cells (microglia, astroglia, oligodendroglia) participate in the degenerative process in ALS. Recent data also emphasize the importance of molecular events in the axon and distal motoneuron terminals. Only 1 compound, riluzole, is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for ALS; several therapies are in clinical trials, including 2 mesenchymal stem cell trials. The challenges and unmet needs in ALS emphasize the importance of new research directions: high‐throughput sequencing of large DNA sets of familial and sporadic ALS, which will define scores of candidate ALS genes and pathways and facilitate studies of epistasis and epigenetics; infrastructures for candidate gene validation, including in vitro and in vivo modeling; valid biomarkers that elucidate causative molecular events and accelerate clinical trials; and in the long term, methods to identify environmental toxins. The unprecedented intensity of research in ALS and the advent of extraordinary technologies (rapid, inexpensive DNA sequencing; stem cell production from skin‐derived fibroblasts; silencing of miscreant mutant genes) bode well for discovery of innovative ALS therapies. Ann Neurol 2013;74:309–316
Palladium‐catalyzed selective decarboxylative coupling reaction versus direct C―H arylation for arylation of heteroaromatics
Authors: Fu Haiyan , Chen Hua , Doucet Henri
Published: August 2013

Conditions for selective palladium‐catalyzed decarboxylative 2‐arylation of 3‐substituted thiophene and furan derivatives bearing an ester at C2 position have been established. By using 2 mol% phosphine‐free Pd(OAc)2 as the catalyst and a mixture of KOH and K2CO3 as the bases, in dimethylacetamide, moderate to good yields of the desired 2‐arylated products were obtained. A range of functional groups such as nitrile, nitro, formyl or acetyl on the aryl bromides was tolerated. This method allows us to employ in some cases more convenient reactants in terms of cost or physical properties (boiling point) for arylations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and adsorption behaviors of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid modified zwitterionic hybrid materials
Authors: Zhao Donglin , Liu Chen , Liu Junsheng , Zou Jing , Li Meng
Published: August 2013

Novel ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)‐modified zwitterionic hybrid materials were prepared via a sol–gel process. Their adsorption performances for Pb2+ ions were examined. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the reaction products. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the thermal stability of these hybrid materials could reach 200°C. Differential scanning calorimetry measurement showed that the addition of titanium butoxide could impact the crystallization transformation of these materials. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images showed that EDTA modification induced a decrease in the particle size. Adsorption experiments demonstrated that the optimal initial pH was 5. Moreover, we observed that the adsorptions for Pb2+ ions followed the Lagergren pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model, intraparticle diffusion, and Langmuir isotherm model. In addition, we found that the maximal Langmuir constant was 0.86 mmol/g. The negative Gibbs free energy values suggested that Pb2+ adsorption onto these samples was spontaneous in nature. The desorption experiment indicated that these samples could be recovered with aqueous HCl solution as a desorbent. These results suggest that the synthesized EDTA‐modified zwitterionic hybrid materials are promising adsorbents that could be used to separate and recover heavy‐metal ions from polluted wastewater. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39801.
Field‐normalized impact factors (IFs): A comparison of rescaling and fractionally counted IFs
Authors: Leydesdorff Loet , Radicchi Filippo , Bornmann Lutz , Castellano Claudio , de Nooy Wouter
Published: August 2013

Two methods for comparing impact factors and citation rates across fields of science are tested against each other using citations to the 3,705 journals in the Science Citation Index 2010 (CD‐Rom version of SCI) and the 13 field categories used for the Science and Engineering Indicators of the U.S. National Science Board. We compare (a) normalization by counting citations in proportion to the length of the reference list (1/N of references) with (b) rescaling by dividing citation scores by the arithmetic mean of the citation rate of the cluster. Rescaling is analytical and therefore independent of the quality of the attribution to the sets, whereas fractional counting provides an empirical strategy for normalization among sets (by evaluating the between‐group variance). By the fairness test of Radicchi and Castellano (), rescaling outperforms fractional counting of citations for reasons that we consider.
An analysis of the information technology outsourcing domain: A social network and Triple helix approach
Authors: Swar Bobby , Khan Gohar Feroz
Published: August 2013

Information technology (IT) outsourcing has become a widely accepted management strategy. As a consequence, a great deal of research on the IT outsourcing domain, covering a wide range of issues, has been conducted. This study investigates the IT outsourcing knowledge infrastructure from a network point of view. Triple helix indicators and social network analysis techniques are employed on 288 scholarly papers obtained from the Web of Science database using keywords related to IT outsourcing. The results reveal the key players in IT outsourcing research collaborations; their network characteristics, such as degree centrality; and the relationship of academia, industry, and government in terms of IT outsourcing knowledge production. This article also provides results‐based implications.
Understanding the Unconventional Effects of Halogenation on the Luminescent Properties of Oligo(Phenylene Vinylene) Molecules
Authors: Sun Chun‐Lin , Li Jun , Geng Hong‐Wei , Li Hui , Ai Yong , Wang Qiang , Pan Shan‐Lin , Zhang Hao‐Li
Published: August 2013

It is commonly known that halogenation tends to decrease the luminescence quantum yield of an organic dye, owing to the high electronegativity and heavy‐atom effect of the halogen atom. However, based on an investigation of the effects of halogenation on the luminescence of the oligo(phenylene vinylene) (OPV) framework, we demonstrate that halogenation can have positive impact on the solid‐state fluorescence and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) properties of OPV derivatives. The chlorinated OPV exhibits a very high solid‐state fluorescence quantum yield (91 %), whilst the brominated analogue gives the highest ECL emission intensity. Time‐dependent density functional theory calculations, natural bond orbital analysis, and natural transition orbital analysis were performed to assist the understanding of the origin of these positive halogenation effects, which provide insight into the rational design of highly luminescent halogenated organic materials for solid‐state devices and ECL applications.
Predicting complex phenotype–genotype interactions to enable yeast engineering: Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism and a cell factory
Authors: Dikicioglu Duygu , Pir Pınar , Oliver Stephen G.
Published: August 2013

There is an increasing use of systems biology approaches in both “red” and “white” biotechnology in order to enable medical, medicinal, and industrial applications. The intricate links between genotype and phenotype may be explained through the use of the tools developed in systems biology, synthetic biology, and evolutionary engineering. Biomedical and biotechnological research are among the fields that could benefit most from the elucidation of this complex relationship. Researchers have studied fitness extensively to explain the phenotypic impacts of genetic variations. This elaborate network of dependencies and relationships so revealed are further complicated by the influence of environmental effects that present major challenges to our achieving an understanding of the cellular mechanisms leading to healthy or diseased phenotypes or optimized production yields. An improved comprehension of complex genotype–phenotype interactions and their accurate prediction should enable us to more effectively engineer yeast as a cell factory and to use it as a living model of human or pathogen cells in intelligent screens for new drugs. This review presents different methods and approaches undertaken toward improving our understanding and prediction of the growth phenotype of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as both a model and a production organism.
Temperature‐induced conformational transition of bovine serum albumin in neutral aqueous solution by reversed‐phase liquid chromatography
Authors: Bian Liujiao , Wu Dan , Hu Wei
Published: August 2013

The temperature‐induced conformational transition of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in neutral aqueous solution was studied using intrinsic fluorescence emission spectrum, reversed‐phase liquid chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the conformation transition thermodynamic parameters were determined in the temperature range 12–50 °C. The results showed that, in the temperature range 12–20 °C, BSA only existed in a single conformation state A, while in the temperature range 22–50 °C, it existed in two different conformation states: A and B. The percentage of conformation state A decreased while that of conformation state B increased with the increase in temperatures, and when temperature approached 50 °C conformation state B accounted for approximately 25% of all conformation states of BSA. In the conformational transition of BSA from conformation state A to conformation state B, the positive enthalpy change, entropy change and free energy changes demonstrated that the conformational transition was endothermic, nonspontaneous and mainly entropy‐driven. © 2013 The Authors. Biomedical Chromatography published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmental Orientation and Economic Performance: a Quasi‐experimental Study of Small Swedish Firms
Authors: Linder Marcus , Björkdahl Joakim , Ljungberg Daniel
Published: August 2013

This paper investigates the relationship between the environmental orientation and economic performance of small firms. We conduct a quantitative analysis on a sample of 299 environmentally oriented and all other small (2–49 employees) Swedish firms. We estimate the effect of environmental orientation on profit margin to examine how environmentally oriented firms perform in relation to non‐environmentally oriented firms. To do this, we employ a quasi‐experimental design in which we create a control group of non‐environmentally oriented firms that are very similar to their environmentally oriented counterparts. We use two measures of environmental orientation: (i) a third‐party classification, and (ii) a self‐assessment of environmental differentiation. The findings show a negative effect of environmental orientation on economic performance. Our contribution to the literature is in using a novel and more rigorous way to measure the relationship between environmental orientation and economic performance and providing implicit support for the existence of a causal link from economic performance to environmental orientation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
The Effect of Bituminous and Lignite Ash on the Performance of Ilmenite as Oxygen Carrier in Chemical‐Looping Combustion
Authors: Azis M. M. , Leion H. , Jerndal E. , Steenari B.‐M. , Mattisson T. , Lyngfelt A.
Published: August 2013

The influence of ash in chemical‐looping combustion (CLC) has been studied in a lab‐scale fluidized bed reactor. The oxygen carrier, ilmenite, was investigated with German lignite coal, Chinese bituminous coal, Mexican pet coke, wood char, and methane. Lignite ash and ash from gasified Chinese bituminous coal were compared in this study. Up to 50 wt % and 33.3 wt % loadings of ash from the combustion of lignite and ash from the gasification of coal were added. The gas conversion was clearly affected by the addition of ash, and very similar results were seen both for methane conversion and for CO conversion in the solid fuel tests. Thus, both ashes showed initial decrease in gas conversion with the addition of some ash due to the presence of inert/deactivating material in the ashes. At higher ash loading, a beneficial effect of ash could be seen. Furthermore, no negative effect of ash addition on the fluidizability of the bed material could be seen.
Ca(OH)2‐Based Calcium Looping Process Development at The Ohio State University
Authors: Phalak N. , Wang W. , Fan L.‐S.
Published: August 2013

The cyclic calcium oxide‐calcium carbonate (CaO‐CaCO3) process is a promising option for large‐scale CO2 control. Important advantages include high‐temperature operation, inexpensive sorbent feedstock, and high CO2 capture capacity of CaO. However, decreasing sorbent reactivity over multiple cycles, due to high‐temperature sintering, presents a major challenge for further progress. The Ohio State University (OSU) has led the development of a novel three‐step calcium looping (CaO‐Ca(OH)2‐CaCO3) process for post‐ and precombustion CO2 capture. An overview of OSU's work is provided, highlighting the differences in this approach when compared to competing efforts in this field.
Thermodynamic Evaluation and Cold Flow Model Testing of an Indirectly Heated Carbonate Looping Process
Authors: Junk M. , Reitz M. , Ströhle J. , Epple B.
Published: August 2013

Carbon capture with subsequent compression and storage is a promising possibility for the reduction of CO2 emissions from coal‐fired power generation. A very efficient post‐combustion CO2 capture technology is the carbonate looping process. To further increase the process efficiency, a new concept is considered where the heat for calcination is transferred from an external combustor to the calciner by means of heat pipes. Some thermodynamic evaluations for a retrofit of a coal‐fired host plant with the indirectly heated carbonate looping process and cold flow model tests of a 300‐kWth test facility that will be erected in 2013 in Darmstadt are presented.
Modeling of a Chemical Looping Combustion Process in Interconnected Fluidized Beds with a Cu‐Based Oxygen Carrier
Authors: Wang S. , Lu H. L. , Tang Y. , Li D.
Published: August 2013

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is a promising technology for CO2 capture, with inherent CO2 separation and low energy consumption. In this study, the reactive multiphase model is incorporated into a computational fluid dynamics code to simulate the reactive fluid dynamics in the CLC reactor with a two‐fluid model. The solid friction stress is used to account for the interaction of individual particles with their neighbors through sustained contact at high particle concentrations and the kinetic theory of granular flow is used for closure. Gas‐solid flow characteristics and chemical reactions in interconnected fluidized beds using a Cu‐based oxygen carrier are simulated. The distributions of solid concentration and gas composition are obtained. The predicted gas compositions at the outlet agree with experimental results. The effects of the operating velocity and the temperature on the combustion efficiencies are also shown. The results demonstrate that a higher bed temperature at a lower operating velocity could enhance the CLC performance.
New Cyclodextrin‐Bearing 8‐Hydroxyquinoline Ligands as Multifunctional Molecules
Authors: Oliveri Valentina , Puglisi Antonino , Viale Maurizio , Aiello Cinzia , Sgarlata Carmelo , Vecchio Graziella , Clarke James , Milton John , Spencer John
Published: August 2013

Recent investigations have rekindled interest in 8‐hydroxyquinolines as therapeutic agents for cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and other neurodegenerative disorders. Three new β‐cyclodextrin conjugates of 8‐hydroxyquinolines and their copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized spectroscopically. In addition to improving aqueous solubility, due to the presence of the cyclodextrin moiety, the hybrid systems have interesting characteristics including antioxidant activity, and their copper(II) complexes are efficient superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimics. The ligands and their copper(II) complexes show low cytotoxicity, attributed to the presence of the cyclodextrin moiety. These compounds have potential as therapeutic agents in diseases related both to metal dyshomeostasis and oxidative stress.
Synthesis of PAF, an Antifungal Protein from P. chrysogenum, by Native Chemical Ligation: Native Disulfide Pattern and Fold Obtained upon Oxidative Refolding
Authors: Váradi Györgyi , Tóth Gábor K. , Kele Zoltán , Galgóczy László , Fizil Ádám , Batta Gyula
Published: August 2013

The folding of disulfide proteins is of considerable interest because knowledge of this may influence our present understanding of protein folding. However, sometimes even the disulfide pattern cannot be unequivocally determined by the available experimental techniques. For example, the structures of a few small antifungal proteins (PAF, AFP) have been disclosed recently using NMR spectroscopy but with some ambiguity in the actual disulfide pattern. For this reason, we carried out the chemical synthesis of PAF. Probing different approaches, the oxidative folding of the synthetic linear PAF yielded a folded protein that has identical structure and antifungal activity as the native PAF. In contrast, unfolded linear PAF was inactive, a result that may have implications concerning its redox state in the mode of action.
Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Homoallylic Alcohols: Application to the Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure 5,6‐Dihydropyran‐2‐ones and δ‐Lactones
Authors: Warner Madeleine C. , Shevchenko Grigory A. , Jouda Suzan , Bogár Krisztián , Bäckvall Jan‐E.
Published: August 2013

Dynamic kinetic resolution of various homoallylic alcohols with the use of Candida antarctica lipase B and ruthenium catalyst 2 afforded homoallylic acetates in high yields and with high enantioselectivity. These enantiopure acetates were further transformed into homoallylic acrylates after hydrolysis of the ester function and subsequent DMAP‐catalyzed esterification with acryloyl chloride. After ring‐closing metathesis 5,6‐dihydropyran‐2‐ones were obtained in good yields. Selective hydrogenation of the carboncarbon double bond afforded the corresponding δ‐lactones without loss of chiral information.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Inorganic Biradicals: A Theoretical Analysis.
Authors: Miliordos Evangelos , Ruedenberg Klaus , Xantheas Sotiris S.
Published: August 2013

Quantum chemical calculations at the CASSCF level of theory on the O3‐homologous molecules CX22‐, NX2‐, X3, OX2, and FX2+ (X: O, S, Se, Te, Po) indicate that the triatomic inorganic biradicals in the FX2+ series have unusually high biradical character.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Polymorphism of Novel [Ru(NH3)6](ClO4)3 — Comparison with [Ru(NH3)6](BF4)3. Part 2.
Authors: Dolega Diana , Mikuli Edward , Gorska Natalia , Inaba Akira , Holderna‐Natkaniec Krystyna , Nitek Wojciech
Published: August 2013

[Ru(NH3)6](ClO4)3 shows two solid—solid phase transitions at 290.3 K and 74.8 K.
ChemInform Abstract: The Structural and Electrochemical Impact of Li and Fe Site Substitution in LiFePO4.
Authors: Omenya Fredrick , Chernova Natasha A. , Wang Qi , Zhang Ruibo , Whittingham M. Stanley
Published: August 2013

Li1‐3y[VyFe]PO4 (y = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) is synthesized by solid state reaction of Li2CO3, FeC2O4, NH4H2PO4, and NH4VO3 (8.5% H2/He, 550 °C, 10 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Unique (3,12)‐Connected Coordination Polymers Displaying High Stability, Large Magnetocaloric Effect and Slow Magnetic Relaxation.
Authors: Hou Yin‐Ling , Xiong Gang , Shi Peng‐Fei , Cheng Rui‐Rui , Cui Jian‐Zhong , Zhao Bin
Published: August 2013

Compounds (II) crystallize in the monoclinic space group C2/c with Z = 4 (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Solvothermal Syntheses of Three New One‐Dimensional Ternary Selenidostannates: [DBNH][M1/2Sn1/2Se2] (M: Mn, Zn, Hg).
Authors: Xiong Wei‐Wei , Li Pei‐Zhou , Zhou Tian‐Hua , Zhao Yanli , Xu Rong , Zhang Qichun
Published: August 2013

Compounds (IV) and (VI) crystallize in the tetragonal space group P42/ncm with Z = 4 (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Decatantalate — The Last Member of the Group 5 Decametalate Family.
Authors: Matsumoto Miki , Ozawa Yoshiki , Yagasaki Atsushi , Zhe Yang
Published: August 2013

(NBu4)6 [Ta10O28]·6H2O is synthesized from a solution of (NBu4)6 [H2Ta6O19]·10H2O in toluene (85 °C, 30 min, 14% yield).