bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial Uncoupler, 2,4-Dinitrophenol, Reduces Spinal Cord Paralysis and Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss in the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: O’Neill Nuala , Khan Reas S. , Abd Alhadi Suad , Dine Kimberly E. , Geisler John G. , Chaqour Brahim , Ross Ahmara G. , Shindler Kenneth S.
Published: January 2025

Optic neuritis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the optic nerve that often occurs in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Sixty percent of patients develop some level of permanent visual loss due to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage following optic neuritis, with no known treatment to prevent this loss. Prior studies showed that MP201, a prodrug of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) administered in the experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) mouse model of MS attenuated optic neuritis with preserved vision, increased retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival, decreased axon loss, and reduced demyelination. Oral administration of MP201, which converts to active form DNP after entry in the portal vein, decreases mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) and restores calcium homeostasis, which are both implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases. Due to the established therapeutic benefits of prodrug MP201 in EAE mice, we hypothesized that administration of DNP itself may also have significant potential for therapeutic effects. Here, effects of varying doses of DNP treatment in EAE mice were assessed by the extent of spinal cord paralysis, optokinetic response (OKR), RGC survival, and optic nerve demyelination and inflammation. Results show that daily oral doses of 5-10 mg/kg DNP initiated after onset of EAE can significantly reduce spinal cord paralysis, a marker of the EAE MS-like disease, by day 42 after disease induction. DNP treatment significantly reduces RGC loss induced by optic neuritis in EAE mice; however, effects of DNP do not significantly improve visual function, or optic nerve demyelination and inflammation. Current studies show DNP treatment promotes increased RGC survival, but continued inflammation and demyelination likely reduce visual function, suggesting future studies examining combination therapy of DNP with anti-inflammatory agents may be warranted.
Decoding Ecuadorian Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates: Unveiling Lineage-Associated Signatures in Beta-Lactamase Resistance via Pangenome Analysis
Authors: Morey-León Gabriel , Fernández-Cadena Juan Carlos , Andrade-Molina Derly , Berná Luisa
Published: January 2025

Background: Tuberculosis is the second largest public health threat caused by pathogens. Understanding Mycobacterium tuberculosis’s transmission, virulence, and resistance profile is crucial for outbreak control. This study aimed to investigate the pangenome composition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates classified as L4 derived from Ecuador. Methods: We analyzed 88 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and bioinformatic tools for Lineage, Drug-resistance and Pangenome analysis. Results: In our analysis, we identified the dominance of the LAM lineage (44.3%). The pangenomic analysis revealed a core genome of approximately 3200 genes and a pangenome that differed in accessory and unique genes. According to the COG database, metabolism-related genes were the most representative of all partitions. However, differences were found within all lineages analyzed in the metabolic pathways described by KEGG. Isolates from Ecuador showed variations in genomic regions associated with beta-lactamase susceptibility, potentially leading to epistatic resistance to other drugs commonly used in TB treatment, warranting further investigation. Conclusions: Our findings provide valuable insights into the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis populations in Ecuador. These insights may be associated with increasing adaptation within host heterogeneity, variable latency periods, and reduced host damage, collectively contributing to disease spread. The application of WGS is essential to elucidating the epidemiology of TB in the country
Incidence, Predictors, and Management of Femoral Vascular Complications Following Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Duplex Ultrasound Study
Authors: Lee Hyo Jin , Lee Su Hyun , Park Seongjin , Kim Myoung Jung , Kim Juwon , Kim Ju Youn , Park Seung-Jung , On Young Keun , Park Kyoung-Min
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Catheter ablation is an effective treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF) but is associated with femoral vascular complications. While anticoagulation therapy has been linked to these complications, specific risk factors remain unclear. This study assessed the incidence and predictors of vascular complications after catheter ablation using systematic duplex ultrasound (DUS) as well as their outcomes. Methods: A single-center observational study was conducted with 404 consecutive AF patients who underwent catheter ablation between March 2023 and February 2024. DUS was performed systematically post-procedure in all patients to identify complications; these were primarily treated with DUS-guided manual compression. Results: Vascular complications were observed in 6.4% of patients, higher than reported in previous studies. Hematomas (3.5%) and arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs, 2.0%) were the most common such complications. Multivariate analysis identified repeat ablation (odds ratio [OR] 3.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10–8.64, p = 0.03) and months of experience <6 months (OR 3.42, 95% CI 1.36–8.63, p = 0.01) as significant predictors of complications. DUS-guided compression managed most complications successfully, with three pseudoaneurysms resolved through compression and one through embolization. However, AVFs were relatively resistant to conservative management, often necessitating prolonged observation or intervention. Conclusions: Systematic DUS following catheter ablation revealed a higher-than-expected incidence of vascular complications. Repeat ablation and months of experience <6 months are potential predictors of femoral vascular complications. DUS-guided compression is effective for most complications, although AVFs present greater treatment challenges.
Time–Frequency Transformations for Enhanced Biomedical Signal Classification with Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Lekkas Georgios , Vrochidou Eleni , Papakostas George A.
Published: January 2025

Background: Transforming one-dimensional (1D) biomedical signals into two-dimensional (2D) images enables the application of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for classification tasks. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of different 1D-to-2D transformation methods to classify electrocardiogram (ECG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Methods: We select five transformation methods: Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT), Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT), Signal Reshaping (SR), and Recurrence Plots (RPs). We used the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database for ECG signals and the Epilepsy EEG Dataset from the University of Bonn for EEG signals. After converting the signals from 1D to 2D, using the aforementioned methods, we employed two types of 2D CNNs: a minimal CNN and the LeNet-5 model. Our results indicate that RPs, CWT, and STFT are the methods to achieve the highest accuracy across both CNN architectures. Results: These top-performing methods achieved accuracies of 99%, 98%, and 95%, respectively, on the minimal 2D CNN and accuracies of 99%, 99%, and 99%, respectively, on the LeNet-5 model for the ECG signals. For the EEG signals, all three methods achieved accuracies of 100% on the minimal 2D CNN and accuracies of 100%, 99%, and 99% on the LeNet-5 2D CNN model, respectively. Conclusions: This superior performance is most likely related to the methods’ capacity to capture time–frequency information and nonlinear dynamics inherent in time-dependent signals such as ECGs and EEGs. These findings underline the significance of using appropriate transformation methods, suggesting that the incorporation of time–frequency analysis and nonlinear feature extraction in the transformation process improves the effectiveness of CNN-based classification for biological data.
A Circular Design Concept for Implementing Sustainable Building Practices in the KREIS-Haus Living Lab, Switzerland
Authors: Buehler Devi , Vischer Tabea , Junge Ranka
Published: January 2025

The KREIS-Haus, an inhabited living lab in Switzerland, serves as a demonstrator of the implementation of sustainable and circular building practices. Addressing the environmental impacts associated with construction, operation, and deconstruction, this study presents an innovative systematic design concept that synthesizes principles of the circular economy, Cradle-to-Cradle design, and ecological engineering. The design process was applied to the KREIS-Haus as a lighthouse project, combining theoretical frameworks with real-word application to derive actionable insights. The novelty of the KREIS-Haus lies in the holistic integration of circular and sustainable concepts within a compact footprint, realized in a real-life, publicly accessible living lab. Its design maximizes resource efficiency by incorporating locally sourced materials, modular construction techniques, and flexible interior features, which allow for easy disassembly and reuse. At the heart of its circular design is the multifunctional conservatory, which provides heat and sound insulation, generates solar power, and expands the living space. Additionally, it supports plant cultivation and enables the reuse of treated wastewater and nutrients, as part of the off-grid water and nutrient management system to reduce reliance on external resources. The principles of solar architecture further minimize the building’s energy demands. Key insights from the design and construction process highlight the challenges of navigating conflicting goals, the importance of partner alignment, and considerations for scaling these concepts to larger developments. While technical challenges may arise, addressing systemic barriers will be essential for advancing sustainable and circular building practices on a broader scale.
The Use of an Integrated Digital Tool to Improve the Efficiency of Multidisciplinary Tumor Boards—A Prospective Trial in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Linda Chia-Fang , Kuo Hsuan-Chih , Wang Hung-Ming , Kuo Yung-Chia , Wang Ching-Ting , Chen Li-Chin , Hsieh Jason Chia-Hsun
Published: January 2025

PURPOSE: This study assessed the impact of the navify Tumor Board digital tool on multidisciplinary team tumor boards’ (MDTs) efficiency, comparing its streamlined workflow and preparation to conventional, time-consuming methods. METHODS: This prospective observational study (January–June 2021) compared MDT phase durations (preparation, discussion, follow-up) using the navify Tumor Board platform versus conventional methods for integrated patient data management and decision-making. RESULTS: The navify Tumor Board significantly improved MDT efficiency across all phases compared to conventional methods. In the preparation phase, it reduced the time needed for cancer staging imaging checks and sending meeting materials by 8.62% (p < 0.001). During the discussion phase, it decreased the time required for presenting patient history, reviewing pathology/immunohistochemistry results, and gathering expert opinions, leading to a 21.26% overall reduction in discussion time (p < 0.001). For post-discussion follow-up, it saved 76.54% of the time required recording MDT comments (p < 0.001) and 33.43% of the time needed to schedule second discussions (p = 0.011). Overall, the Navify Tumor Board reduced the total MDT process time by 35.37% (p < 0.001), demonstrating its potential to streamline multidisciplinary cancer care decision-making. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the navify Tumor Board tool can significantly improve the efficiency of MDT workflows in Taiwan.
Analysis and Historical Evolution of Paediatric Bone Tumours: The Importance of Early Diagnosis in the Detection of Childhood Skeletal Malignancies
Authors: Iacobellis Giulia , Leggio Alessia , Salzillo Cecilia , Lucà Stefano , Ortega-Ruiz Ricardo , Marzullo Andrea
Published: January 2025

Even though children’s malignant bone tumours are rare, it is crucial to understand how to identify and stage them accurately to develop an appropriate treatment plan. Ewing’s sarcoma and osteosarcoma are the two main paediatric bone malignancies and require multidisciplinary treatment involving radiologists, orthopaedists, oncologists, pathologists, and paediatricians. These neoplasms may be associated with genetic syndromes but typically occur in patients with no known germline abnormalities. With a frequency of 4.4 per million, osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumour in children. Ewing’s sarcoma has an incidence of 2.5 to 3 per million, making it the second most prevalent. Clinically, these neoplasms present with pain and inflammation in the bones and joints, nocturnal pain unresponsive to drug therapy, systemic symptoms such as fever or weight loss, and persistent symptoms—all of which should prompt clinicians to initiate further diagnostic investigations. The gold standard for diagnosis includes X-ray examination and MRI, which provide an accurate assessment of tumour extension into the medullary canal and surrounding soft tissues. Fluorine-18-labelled FDG-PET scans or fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography are valuable for evaluating tumour aggressiveness and excluding metastases. A biopsy is mandatory once all other diagnostic tests have been completed. Accurate diagnosis and timely referral to an experienced clinic are essential for ensuring prompt access to treatment and improving patient outcomes.
Salivary Microbiome Profiling of HPV+ and HPV− Oropharyngeal Head and Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Durvalumab Immunotherapy Suggests Prevotella melaninogenica and Veillonella atypica as Key Players: A Pilot Study
Authors: Mougeot Jean-Luc , Beckman Micaela , Kooshki Mitra , Neuberger Justin , Shukla Kirtikar , Furdui Cristina , Bahrani Mougeot Farah , Porosnicu Mercedes
Published: January 2025

Objective: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a common cancer represented by nearly 80% oral cavity (OC) and oropharyngeal cancers (OPCs). Seventy percent of OPCs are associated with the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Immunotherapy holds the promise of future improvements in treating HNC patients. The study objective was to determine whether durvalumab immunotherapy alone, prior to curative surgery, would significantly impact the oral salivary microbiome in a pilot cohort of HPV negative and positive OC and OPC patients. Methods: Early stage OPC patients with squamous cell carcinoma were recruited: 5 HPV+ and 12 HPV−, and treated with two or three administrations of durvalumab given every two weeks, prior to surgery. Unstimulated saliva was collected and processed for bacterial DNA Isolation and V1–V3 16S rRNA gene next generation sequencing, taxa identification, and determination of relative abundance at four time points: baseline prior to surgery (A) and weekly durvalumab treatment timepoints (B, C, and D). Alpha- and beta-diversity differences for the time series were determined in Primerv7. MaAsLin2 in R was used to identify potential associations with the time series and/or HPV status. Linear decomposition model (LDM) R-package was used to investigate the relationship of salivary microbiome with HPV status. ROC curves were plotted for significant species in common between MaAsLin2 analysis and FDR-corrected Mann-Whitney U-test using XLSTAT. Results: Longitudinal microbiome data across four timepoints (A, B, C, D) were obtained (HPV+: n = 18 samples; HPV−: n = 46 samples). A total of 416 taxa were detected across all time points, ranging from 336 to 373 per group. There were no differences in α- and β-diversities for all longitudinal comparisons (C vs. BCD, AB vs. CD, or A vs. B, C, or D). However, comparison A vs. D showed a significant increase in Prevotella melaninogenica relative abundance, a potentially pathogenic species able to evade the immune system, after three weeks treatment. Moreover, differences in beta-diversity based on HPV status were found. LDM analysis identified Veillonella atypica, overrepresented in HPV+ group, as the top species accounting for HPV status. Conclusions: The results are consistent with findings from previous studies investigating HNC patients treated with chemoradiotherapy. More research is needed to understand possible impact of immunotherapy on opportunistic bacterial species, although negligible impact from durvalumab treatment on salivary microbiome was observed.
The Role of Cytokines and Chemokines as Biomarkers of Disease Activity in Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome in Children
Authors: Kopač Matjaž , Jerin Aleš , Petrera Agnese , Osredkar Joško
Published: January 2025

(1) This study investigates the association of plasma concentrations of various cytokines and chemokines with the disease activity of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) in children in Slovenia. (2) In a prospective single-center study lasting 18 months, we took sequential plasma samples from children with INS at disease onset or relapse (prior to corticosteroid (CS) therapy), at remission, and after discontinuation of CS therapy. The Olink®Target 48 Cytokine Panel was applied to analyze 45 analytes in the plasma samples, adhering to the manufacturer’s protocol. We performed a statistical analysis with a paired samples analysis with a t-test as well as with a non-parametric Wilcoxon correction test. (3) We included 18 pediatric patients with INS in the study. We demonstrated statistically significant differences in the concentrations of CSF1, IL4, FLT3LG, CCL19, and MMP12 in the patients at disease onset or relapse compared to those in remission, differences in the concentrations of CSF1 and IL17F in the patients at disease onset or relapse compared to those in remission after CS treatment, and differences in the concentrations of CCL19, MMP12, and CCL13 in the patients in remission compared to those in remission after CS treatment. (4) The findings support potential roles of certain cytokines and chemokines, especially CSF1, CCL19, and MMP12, in influencing the disease activity of INS.
Advances in Understanding Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Hepatitis: Mechanisms and Pathological Features
Authors: Nakadate Kazuhiko , Saitoh Hayate , Sakaguchi Miina , Miruno Fumito , Muramatsu Naoto , Ito Nozomi , Tadokoro Kanako , Kawakami Kiyoharu
Published: January 2025

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a key component of Gram-negative bacterial membranes, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory liver diseases. In this review, we aimed to explore the role of LPS in hepatic injury. Upon hepatic infiltration, LPS activates Kupffer cells via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling, inducing proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. These mediators amplify hepatocyte apoptosis, endothelial damage, and platelet aggregation, thereby contributing to sinusoidal thrombosis and tissue ischemia. Pathological features, such as hepatocyte shrinkage, sinusoidal expansion, and fibrin deposition, are hallmark indicators of LPS-induced hepatic inflammation. Therapeutically, aspirin shows promise for attenuating cytokine release, protecting endothelial integrity, and reducing thrombogenesis. Emerging strategies include targeting TLR4 pathways, modulating the gut–liver axis, and utilizing biomolecular approaches such as RNA interference for LPS suppression. The integration of public health interventions, such as dietary optimization and microbiome regulation, offers additional preventive measures. In this review, the dual roles of LPS in inflammation and thrombosis have been emphasized. Advancing our understanding of LPS-driven mechanisms and enhancing treatment strategies are pivotal for managing hepatic inflammation and its systemic implications. Future research should focus on refining biomarkers, optimizing therapeutic efficacy, and addressing safety concerns for clinical applications.
Adaptation, Feasibility, and Acceptability of a Health Insurance Literacy Intervention for Caregivers of Pediatric Cancer Patients (CHAT-C)
Authors: Chevrier Amy , Vaca Lopez Perla L. , Rogers Katie , Stefanou Monique , van Thiel Berghuijs Karely M. , Fair Douglas , Park Elyse R. , Kirchhoff Anne C. , Warner Echo L.
Published: January 2025

We adapted CHAT, a four-session virtual program to help individuals affected by cancer manage insurance and medical costs for caregivers of pediatric cancer patients (called CHAT-C); we then pilot-tested CHAT-C. Eligible caregivers were ages 18+ and the primary caregiver to a pediatric cancer patient (≤25 years old) diagnosed in the past five years and treated at Primary Children’s Hospital. We conducted engagement studios to adapt the program. Feedback was evaluated using a rapid qualitative analysis framework and included content preferences, navigator preferences, logistics/structure, timing of delivery, and feasibility/acceptability. A small pilot test of CHAT-C was conducted; feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy were evaluated based on enrollment rates, qualitative feedback, and baseline/follow-up surveys. Participants in the pilot (n = 14) were primarily white (93%), married (93%), female (86%), ages 40–49 (50%), and college-educated (57%). Most participants (64%) completed all four sessions of CHAT-C. Those who did not complete the sessions cited a lack of time, a child’s disease progression, and a perceived lack of benefit. Health insurance literacy (measured by nine items) improved by 10.8 points on average (SD = 6.0, range: 9–36) after CHAT-C. Caregivers of childhood cancer patients are willing to participate in a health insurance program, but some caregivers need less time-intensive options.
Wildlife Fences to Mitigate Human–Wildlife Conflicts in Africa: A Literature Analysis
Authors: Burudi Jocelyn Weyala , Tormáné Kovács Eszter , Katona Krisztián
Published: January 2025

The deployment of wildlife fences in Africa serves as a crucial intervention to balance wildlife conservation with human safety and agricultural productivity. This review synthesizes current research and case studies to provide a comprehensive understanding of the implications, benefits, and drawbacks of wildlife fencing in Africa. Information was drawn from 54 articles selected through a thorough search of the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Results indicate that the primary reason for fencing was the mitigation of human–wildlife conflicts. Electric fences were the most commonly mentioned type, prominently used to protect agricultural lands from crop-raiding species. In addition, the prevention of livestock depredation and disease transmission was also an important driver for fencing. Elephants were the most studied species concerning wildlife fencing, and they caused the most damage to fences, creating pathways for other species to move beyond protected areas. Antelopes and large carnivores were also common targets for wildlife fences. Fences were found to be effective mainly against crop raiding particularly when well-maintained through frequent inspections for damages and permeability. Several authors documented challenges in fencing against primates, burrowers, and high-jumping species like leopards. The cost of fences varied depending on the materials, design, and maintenance, significantly impacting local communities near conservation areas. Despite their benefits, wildlife fences posed ecological challenges, such as habitat fragmentation and restricted animal movement, necessitating integrated management approaches that include wildlife corridors and crossing structures. This review provides insights for policymakers and conservationists to optimize the use of fences in the diverse environmental contexts of the African continent.
Deeper Insights into Species Diversity and Ecological Characterisation of the Macrosporum Group of the Genus Tuber
Authors: Liu Ruilong , E Lingfang , Wang Rui , Yu Chengjin , Yang Jingsheng , Li Yuenan , Jiang Xuesong , Song Junyue , Yu Fuqiang , Wang Ruixue , Wan Shanping
Published: January 2025

Tuber is a rare edible and medicinal fungus with a global distribution. The Macrosporum lineage within Tuber is a relatively small and infrequent clade, which has been receiving increasing attention due to the presence of an endangered species, T. gigantosporum. However, the species diversity, phylogenetic relationships, geographic distribution, and ecological characteristics of the Macrosporum group remain poorly understood. Through extensive sampling and combining the accurate and available global specimen and mycorrhizal data, 19 Tuber specimens from Southwest China were studied based on morphology, molecular systematics, and ecology. The specimens were identified as T. calosporum, T. glabrum, and T. sinomacrosporum within the Macrosporum group, with detailed descriptions provided, particularly supplementing the taxonomic features of T. glabrum. A classification key for the Macrosporum group species is also provided. The geographic distribution of specimens and diverse hosts suggest that the Macrosporum clade displays wider ecological adaptability. This study is important to better understand the diversity and conservation measures of Tuber resources throughout the world.
A New Improved Multi-Sequence Frequency-Hopping Communication Anti-Jamming System
Authors: Huang Tao , Liu Yarong , Liu Xin , Wang Meng
Published: January 2025

In order to address the challenge posed by existing anti-jamming methods (including intelligent anti-jamming techniques) that struggle to counter high-speed reactive jamming in complex jamming environments, we have developed a novel approach that involves leveraging intelligent jamming in such environments rather than merely attempting to evade jamming. Unlike existing anti-jamming techniques that extract energy from jamming signals as a power source, our proposed method can use intelligent reactive jamming signals as a positive factor in frequency detection. To be precise, we have designed an intelligent multi-sequence frequency hopping communication framework (IMSFH), which includes two stages: communication and training. Firstly, during the synchronous sequence transmission, supervised learning is used in the training stage to obtain the rules of reactive jamming through neural networks. In the communication stage, IMSFH using narrowband reception utilizes reactive jamming rules to improve the frequency-detection capability during actual payload transmission. The simulation results show that this method not only improves communication performance with the increase in jamming signal power and stronger anti-jamming ability when combating high-speed reactive jamming, but also better utilizes reactive jamming to improve communication performance in complex jamming environments.
Single-Step GWAS Multi-Trait Threshold Linear Model for Growth Rate and Heteroblasty in Eucalyptus globulus
Authors: Gonzalez Milena , Aguilar Ignacio , Quezada Marianella , Balmelli Gustavo
Published: January 2025

Eucalyptus globulus Labill. is one of the most important species in the paper industry. Teratosphaeria nubilosa has affected plantations worldwide, infecting young foliage. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) are essential to identify genomic segments associated with susceptibility to this disease. The inclusion of genomic strategies in breeding programs is key to the sustainability of the species. The aim of this study was to identify genomic regions associated with growth and heteroblasty (change from juvenile to adult foliage: ADFO) in a tree breeding population of E. globulus. Tree growth was measured as total height (TH) and diameter at breast height (DBH). All traits were evaluated at 14 and 21 months. A multi-trait threshold linear model was developed following the single-step genomic selection methodology. Genetic correlations (rg) and narrow-sense heritability (h2) for all traits were estimated. Windows of 0.2 Mb were used. Only the windows with an estimated variance greater than 1% were considered. The rg ranged from 0.51 to 0.97. The h2 was high for ADFO (0.83–0.84) and lower for HT (0.37) and DBH (0.53). In growth traits, no QTLs were found that explained more than 1% of the variance. However, two genomic regions related to ADFO were identified on chromosomes 3 and 11.
Investigation of Feeding Effects and Environmental Impact of Fish-Feed Quality: Evidence from Crucian Carp Feeding Experiments
Authors: Wang Jiayin , Wu Ran , Wang Jianhua , Guo Jiangtao , Zhang Ya , Shi Nanbing , Gu Jinxing , Han Yibing , Guo Xinyi , Yu Zhe , Li Guoxi , Yang Zhenjiang
Published: January 2025

The effects of three types of feed, purchased from online stores and having similar prices, on the growth performance and culture environment of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) were studied in this experiment, which aimed to provide a reference for the evaluation and selection of fish feed. The results showed that feeding different feeds had a significant effect on crucian carp, and that the growth-promoting effect of HD feed (feed produced by Haida Company Limited) was significantly better than that of the other two feeds. For example, the weight gain rate (WGR) of fish in the HD group was 47.1% higher than that in the LD group (p < 0.05), and the WGR of fish in the LD (feed produced by Lianda Company Limited) group was 81.4% higher than that in the TW (feed produced by Tongwei Company Limited) group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in fish in the HD group was significantly higher than that in the LD and TW groups. Furthermore, we found significant differences in the environmental effects of feeding different feeds. Compared to the LD and HD groups, the environmental impacts for the TW group were more pronounced. The body weight of crucian carp first increased and then stabilized with increasing total dissolved solids (TDS) values. Their quantitative relationship was established based on the von Bertalanffy and Logistic equations (R2 = 0.942–0.995). The results above indicate that, due to differences in feed formulation and the quality of feed raw materials, different feeds have a significant impact on the growth performance and antioxidant indices of fish, as well as on the water environment. Therefore, selecting the appropriate feed is crucial for promoting high-quality development in the aquaculture industry.
Fractional Dynamical Behaviour Modelling Using Convolution Models with Non-Singular Rational Kernels: Some Extensions in the Complex Domain
Authors: Sabatier Jocelyn
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces a convolution model with non-singular rational kernels in which coefficients are considered complex. An interlacing property of the poles and zeros in these rational kernels permits the accurate approximation of the power law function t−ν in a predefined time range, where ν can be complex or real. This class of model can be used to model fractional (dynamical) behaviours in order to avoid fractional calculus-based models which are now associated with several limitations. This is an extension of a previous study by the author. In the real case, this allows a better approximation, close to the limits of the approximation interval, compared to the author’s previous work. In the complex case, this extends the scope of application of the convolution models proposed by the author.
Hybrid Dynamic Event-Triggered Interval Observer Design for Nonlinear Cyber–Physical Systems with Disturbance
Authors: Wu Hongrun , Huang Jun , Qin Yong , Sun Yuan
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates the state estimation problem for nonlinear cyber–physical systems (CPSs). To conserve system resources, we propose a novel hybrid dynamic event-triggered mechanism (ETM) that prevents the occurrence of Zeno behavior. This work is based on designing an interval observer under the hybrid dynamic ETM to solve the state reconstruction problem of Lipschitz nonlinear CPSs subject to disturbances. That is, the designed triggering mechanism is integrated into the design of the Interval Observer (IO), resulting in a hybrid dynamic event-triggered interval observer (HDETIO), and the system stability and robustness are proved using a Lyapunov function, demonstrating that the observer can effectively provide interval estimation for CPSs with nonlinearity and disturbances. Compared to existing work, the primary contribution of this work is its ability to pre-specify the minimum inter-event time (MIET) and apply it to interval state estimation, enhancing its practicality for real-world physical systems. Finally, the correctness and effectiveness of the designed hybrid dynamic ETM and IO framework are validated with an example.
Analysis of Short Tandem Repeat Expansions in a Cohort of 12,496 Exomes from Patients with Neurological Diseases Reveals Variable Genotyping Rate Dependent on Exome Capture Kits
Authors: Rocca Clarissa , Murphy David , Clarkson Chris , Zanovello Matteo , Gagliardi Delia , Genomics Queen Square , Kaiyrzhanov Rauan , Alvi Javeria , Maroofian Reza , Efthymiou Stephanie , Sultan Tipu , Vandrovcova Jana , Polke James , Labrum Robyn , Houlden Henry , Tucci Arianna
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Short tandem repeat expansions are the most common cause of inherited neurological diseases. These disorders are clinically and genetically heterogeneous, such as in myotonic dystrophy and spinocerebellar ataxia, and they are caused by different repeat motifs in different genomic locations. Major advances in bioinformatic tools used to detect repeat expansions from short read sequencing data in the last few years have led to the implementation of these workflows into next generation sequencing pipelines in healthcare. Here, we aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of analysing repeat expansions through exome sequencing in a large cohort of genetically undiagnosed patients with neurological disorders. Methods: We here analyse 27 disease-causing DNA repeats found in the coding, intronic and untranslated regions in 12,496 exomes in patients with a range of neurogenetic conditions. Results: We identified—and validated by polymerase chain reaction—29 repeat expansions across a range of loci, 48% (n = 14) of which were diagnostic. We then analysed the genotyping performance across all repeat loci and found that, despite high coverage in most repeats in coding regions, some loci had low genotyping rates, such as those that cause spinocerebellar ataxia 2 (ATXN2, 0.1–8.4%) and Huntington disease (HTT, 0.2–58.2%), depending on the capture kit. Conversely, while most intronic repeats were not genotyped, we found a high genotyping rate in the intronic locus that causes spinocerebellar ataxia 36 (NOP56, 30.1–98.3%) and in the one that causes myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DMPK, myotonic dystrophy type 1). Conclusions: We show that the key factors that influence the genotyping rate of repeat expansion loci analysis are the sequencing read length and exome capture kit. These results provide important information about the performance of exome sequencing as a genetic test for repeat expansion disorders.
Traction Performance of Footwear on Slippery Hospital Floorings
Authors: Chatterjee Subhodip , Gupta Shubham , Chanda Arnab
Published: January 2025

Slips and fall-related accidents cause a significant number of injuries in hospitals. Due to constant movement of doctors and nurses across different departments in hospitals such as OPD, trauma centres, and ICUs, there are possible interactions of their footwear with slippery floorings (e.g., wet or with soap suds), which may cause unexpected slips. To date, there is a lack of understanding on the traction of different footwear worn by hospital staff. This impedes the selection of appropriate floorings and footwear for preventing slips and falls in hospitals. In this work, the traction performances of twelve common footwear designs, worn by hospital staff, were tested on three different floorings at important locations, i.e., an outpatient department, trauma centre, and ICU entrance, at a busy public hospital. Oblique tread patterns are recommended for moderately rough floors under dry and Lizol conditions. Horizontally oriented patterns are better for smoother floors in dry conditions, while vertically oriented patterns are ideal for areas with frequent contaminant exposure. No specific recommendation can be made for soap-contaminated floors due to the contaminant’s high viscosity. The results also indicated the strong influence of flooring roughness on the measured traction, over footwear tread parameters. Also, liquid soaps were observed to significantly reduce footwear–floor traction. The findings are anticipated to be valuable to hospital management for the selection of appropriate high-traction floorings, and provide important guidelines for footwear selection, for the mitigation of slips and falls in hospitals.
Scoping Review of Outdoor and Land-Based Prevention Programs for Indigenous Youth in the United States and Canada
Authors: Price Faith M. , Weaselhead-Running Crane Tara D. , Weybright Elizabeth H.
Published: January 2025

Interventions taking place on the land are culturally well aligned for Native peoples, as they are often developed by the community and incorporate traditional knowledge, values, and practices. However, research on the effectiveness and characteristics of such programs is lacking. This scoping review examined outdoor and land-based prevention interventions for Indigenous adolescents ages 10–25 in the United States and Canada to identify program characteristics such as origination, aims, activities, duration, evaluation methods, and outcomes. Over three-fourths (77%) of the 153 programs identified were community-derived. The programs were principally strength-based and promoted protective factors for general wellbeing. The most common delivery format was short camps. Nearly all programs (97%) included an element of culture. The activities most often seen were recreation (84%), subsistence living (65%), and Elder knowledge sharing (63%). Thirty-three studies measured outcomes and included quantitative, qualitative, and mixed method study designs. Studies found positive impacts on participants’ self-esteem and mental health; connections to culture, cultural pride, and identity; and connections to community including peers and Elders. The literature on outdoor and land-based prevention interventions for Indigenous youth is growing rapidly. Understanding program components is a first step to identifying the elements critical to effective programs for Indigenous youth.
Two New Triterpenoid Saponins with Antifungal Activity from Camellia sinensis Flowers
Authors: Zong Jian-Fa , Hong Zhi-Bo , Hu Zi-Hui , Hou Ru-Yan
Published: January 2025

Two new triterpenoid saponins, namely camsinsaponins A and B (1, 2), along with two known congeners (3, 4) were isolated from Camellia sinensis flowers. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic data. All compounds were assessed for antifungal bioactivity against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Candida tropicalis. Compounds 1–4 showed excellent inhibitory effects. Notably, in regard to compounds 1 and 2, their MIC values against C. albicans were close to those of the positive control, fluconazole. Furthermore, the inhibitory elements of compounds 1–4 on C. glabrata were better than those of fluconazole. The aforementioned findings offer valuable insights for future development of novel therapeutic strategies against drug-resistant infections.
Sudden Death of a Four-Day-Old Newborn Due to Mitochondrial Trifunctional Protein/Long-Chain 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiencies and a Systematic Literature Review of Early Deaths of Neonates with Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders
Authors: Drole Torkar Ana , Klinc Ana , Remec Ziga Iztok , Rankovic Branislava , Bartolj Klara , Bertok Sara , Colja Sara , Cuk Vanja , Debeljak Marusa , Kozjek Eva , Repic Lampret Barbka , Mlinaric Matej , Mohar Hajnsek Tinka , Perko Daša , Stajer Katarina , Tesovnik Tine , Trampuz Domen , Ulaga Blanka , Kovac Jernej , Battelino Tadej , Zerjav Tansek Mojca , Groselj Urh
Published: January 2025

Mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) and long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiencies have been a part of the Slovenian newborn screening (NBS) program since 2018. We describe a case of early lethal presentation of MTPD/LCHADD in a term newborn. The girl was born after an uneventful pregnancy and delivery, and she was discharged home at the age of 3 days, appearing well. At the age of 4 days, she was found without signs of life. Resuscitation was not successful. The NBS test performed using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) showed a positive screen for MTPD/LCHADD. Genetic analysis performed on a dried blood spot (DBS) sample identified two heterozygous variants in the HADHA gene: a nucleotide duplication introducing a premature termination codon (p.Arg205Ter) and a nucleotide substitution (p.Glu510Gln). Post-mortem studies showed massive macro-vesicular fat accumulation in the liver and, to a smaller extent, in the heart, consistent with MTPD/LCHADD. A neonatal acute cardiac presentation resulting in demise was suspected. We conducted a systematic literature review of early neonatal deaths within 14 days postpartum attributed to confirmed fatty acid oxidation disorders (FAODs), which are estimated to account for 5% of sudden infant deaths. We discuss the pitfalls of the NBS for MTPD/LCHADD.
Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Heat Shock Proteins in the Stored-Product Pest Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius): Phylogenetic, Structural, and Stress-Induced Expression Analyses
Authors: Bai Yueliang , Xie Yanzhu , Yao Junji , Zeng Fangfang , Wang Dianxuan
Published: January 2025

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are crucial molecular chaperones that help organisms maintain protein stability under stress conditions. As a major stored-product pest, Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) faces distinct stresses compared to field insects, primarily due to the specific pest control methods applied during grain storage. In this study, a total of 53 HSP genes from five gene families (HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, sHSP, and DnaJ) were identified and characterized using bioinformatics methods. Among them, DnaJ was the largest and the most diverse HSP family in R. dominica. Transcriptome sequencing and RT-qPCR were then used to evaluate HSP gene expression patterns under four storage-related stresses, following a series of bioassays. Extreme high temperature was the strongest inducer of HSP expression, with 12 genes showing over a 10-fold increase. Controlled nitrogen atmosphere also led to considerable upregulation of HSP genes, especially in the HSP70 family. In contrast, phosphine fumigation and K-Obiol grain protectant caused very limited induction of HSP genes, which might have been due to the less severe protein damage caused by chemical stresses compared to physical stresses. Our study provides a theoretical basis for further research on HSP functions in R. dominica.
Integrated Multivariate Predictive Model of Body Composition and Lipid Profile for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment
Authors: Leyva-Vela Belén , Martínez-Olcina Maria , Asencio-Mas Nuria , Vicente-Martínez Manuel , Cuestas-Calero Bernardo José , Matłosz Piotr , Martínez-Rodríguez Alejandro
Published: January 2025

(1) Background/Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, necessitating effective risk prediction strategies. This study was aimed at developing and validating a multivariate predictive model integrating body composition and lipid profile to assess cardiovascular risk in an adult population. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of 90 participants from the general Spanish population was conducted. Participants were classified into cardiovascular risk groups (low, medium, high) based on systolic blood pressure. (3) Results: Descriptive and multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed significant associations between cardiovascular risk and specific parameters, such as visceral fat, glucose levels, and waist-to-hip ratio. Visceral adiposity emerged as a strong predictor of high cardiovascular risk, highlighting its critical role in cardiovascular health. Glucose levels were also significantly associated with increased risk, underscoring the importance of metabolic health in cardiovascular outcomes. Contrary to expectations, lipid markers like cholesterol and triglycerides did not show significant variations across risk categories, suggesting that traditional lipid profiles may not fully capture cardiovascular risk in the study group. Waist-to-hip ratio showed significant associations with cardiovascular risk transitions, particularly between low and medium risk, emphasizing the importance of fat distribution patterns. (4) Conclusions: These findings suggest that body composition, particularly visceral fat, is a crucial determinant of cardiovascular risk, necessitating more personalized risk assessment approaches that move beyond traditional lipid markers.
Anaphylaxis with Elevated Procalcitonin Mimicking Sepsis: A Literature Review and Report of Two Cases
Authors: Bánvölgyi András , Lőrincz Kende , Boostani Mehdi , Bar-Ilan Efrat , Hidvégi Bernadett , Medvecz Márta , Kiss Norbert , Wikonkál Norbert M.
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This review examines the role of serum procalcitonin (PCT) as a diagnostic marker for sepsis and its potential implications in anaphylaxis. Elevated PCT levels, often associated with bacterial infections, can complicate diagnosis when seen in anaphylaxis, especially when clinical features overlap with sepsis. Methods: We conducted a literature review on PCT in anaphylaxis to highlight key patterns and present two cases of anaphylactic shock initially misdiagnosed as sepsis due to elevated PCT levels. Results: The review supports that elevated PCT can occur in anaphylaxis, stressing the need for thorough patient history and symptom evaluation. In both cases, elevated PCT led to initial sepsis diagnoses, but further investigation identified anaphylaxis triggered by sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SMX/TMP). Conclusions: These findings emphasize the need for considering anaphylaxis in differential diagnoses when elevated PCT levels are observed. Increased awareness of PCT’s potential association with allergic drug reactions is essential to ensure timely recognition, avoid diagnostic delays, and improve patient outcomes.