bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Down-Beating Nystagmus in Anterior Canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Authors: Zapala David A.
Published: July 2008

Down-beating positional nystagmus is typically associated with central nervous system disease. Anterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (AC-BPPV) can mimic down-beating positional nystagmus of central origin, particularly when it is bilateral. Factors that increase the probability
of bilateral AC-BPPV include a history of bilateral multicanal BPPV, transient down-beating and torsional nystagmus that follows the plane of the provoked canal, and the absence of co-occurring neurologic signs and symptoms of central nervous system dysfunction. With neurologic clearance for
canalith repositioning, exploration for AC-BPPV and canalith repositioning trials may alleviate symptoms even when the nystagmus does not appear to fatigue. In the case presented, the use of a side-lying maneuver with the nose down to provoke AC-BPPV symptoms and the use of a reversed Epley
to clear AC-BPPV symptoms are highlighted. This approach is helpful when the diagnosis is unclear and neck hyperextension is to be avoided. El nistagmo posicional de batida hacia abajo está típicamente asociado con enfermedades del sistema nervioso central. El vértigo
posicional paroxístico benigno del canal anterior (AC-BPPV) puede simular un nistagmo posicional de batida hacia abajo de origen central, particularmente cuando es bilateral. Los factores que influyen sobre la probabilidad de un AC-BPPV bilateral incluyen una historia de BPPV multicanal
bilateral, de nistagmo transitorio de batida hacia abajo o de nistagmo de torsión, que sigue el plano del canal provocado, y la ausencia de signos y síntomas neurológicos concurrentes por una disfunción del sistema nervioso central. Con una depuración neurológica
de reposición canalicular, la exploración buscando AC-BPPV y los intentos de reposicionamiento canalicular pueden aliviar los síntomas aún cuando el nistagmo no parezca fatigarse. En el caso presentado, se destaca el uso de la maniobra de decúbito lateral
con descenso de la nariz para provocar los síntomas del AC-BPPV. Este enfoque es útil cuando el diagnóstico no es claro y se debe evitar la hiperextensión del cuello.
The Use of a Custom Earmold to Prevent Recurrent External Auditory Canal Stenosis
Authors: Garvey Christopher , Turner Heather
Published: July 2008

The treatment of external auditory canal (EAC) stenoses often requires the prolonged use of a stent or splint. Traditional stents often occlude the EAC, resulting in a temporary conductive hearing loss. This case report describes a custom canal earmold with a large bore used as a stent
in a patient with EAC stenosis. The customized earmold stent successfully prevented restenosis, while the large bore provided ventilation and improved hearing subjectively during the stenting phase. El tratamiento de la estenosis del conducto auditivo externo (EAC) a menudo requiere del uso
prolongado de un stent o una férula. Los stents tradicionales a menudo ocluyen el EAC, provocando una hipoacusia conductiva temporal. Este reporte describe un caso un molde auditivo hecho a la medida con un agujero grande utilizado como stent en un paciente con estenosis del EAC. El
stent de molde auditivo a la medida fue exitoso en prevenir la re-estenosis, mientras que el gran agujero aportó ventilación y mejoró subjetivamente la audición durante la fase de mantenimiento del stent.
Flashbulb memory for 11 September 2001
Authors: Conway Andrew R. A. , Skitka Linda J. , Hemmerich Joshua A. , Kershaw Trina C.
Published: July 2008

The recollection of particularly salient, surprising or consequential events is often called ‘flashbulb memories’. We tested people's autobiographical memory for details of 11 September 2001 by gathering a large national random sample (N = 678) of people's reports immediately following the attacks, and then by contacting them twice more, in September 2002 and August 2003. Three novel findings emerged. First, memory consistency did not vary as a function of demographic variables such as gender, geographical location, age or education. Second, memory consistency did not vary as a function of whether memory was tested before or after the 1‐year anniversary of the event, suggesting that media coverage associated with the anniversary did not impact memory. Third, the conditional probability of consistent recollection in 2003 given consistent recollection in 2002 was p = .73. In contrast, the conditional probability of consistent recollection in 2003 given inconsistent recollection in 2002 was p = .18. Finally, and in agreement with several prior studies, confidence in memory far exceeded consistency in the long term. Also, those respondents who revealed evidence for consistent flashbulb memory experienced more anxiety in response to the event, and engaged in more covert rehearsal than respondents who did not reveal evidence for consistent flashbulb memory. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beyond agropiracy: the case of italian pasta in the United States retail market
Authors: Luigi Cembalo , Gianni Cicia , Teresa Del Giudice , Riccardo Scarpa , Carolina Tagliafierro
Published: July 2008

Together with the benefit due to the worldwide increase in consumer interest in traditional European food style, a growing phenomenon of agropiracy has taken place. Firms' marketing strategies tend to concentrate on product purity while we believe there exists a well‐defined path worth: 1. introduction of a traditional (original) product on international markets; 2. local firms' imitation of the successful good; 3. local firms redesigning original products according to local consumption models and preferences. A representative sample of American consumers were interviewed in 12 US cities. Econometric analysis results suggest that a strategy aimed at emphasizing the authenticity of the origin of any product may not lead to any improvement in its market share, but it might very likely affect that market as a whole. Products should be offered as part of a sort of traditional product package to promote food habits rather than just commodities. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Management of perceived e‐business risks in food‐supply networks: e‐trust as prerequisite for supply‐chain system innovation
Authors: Fritz Melanie , Canavari Maurizio
Published: July 2008

Vertical coordination in food networks is characterized by dynamically changing supply and marketing relationships. E‐business provides support and improvement options for vertical coordination processes in food networks. However, adoption of e‐business in food networks is low as available e‐business offers, as the communication of safeguards for trust and control as a basis for the transaction decision is not realized appropriately. This article analyzes decision preferences for trust generation as the basis for the design of e‐business environments for food networks. The analytic hierarchy process is applied to prioritize preferences for different transaction scenarios in food networks. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collaborative pull innovation: origins and adoption in the new economy
Authors: Weaver Robert D.
Published: July 2008

This article argues that collaboration has been a key piston in the engine that is driving economic growth in the new millennium. Innovation in information technology, institutions, and strategic reorientation of technological change has opened opportunity, and competition has put strong imperatives in play for collaborative innovation. First, these imperatives have forced a reorientation of private enterprise from push to pull systems. Second, they have catalyzed a strategic unbundling of integrated firms to create specialized enterprises with enhanced productivity and flexibility, though with increased demand for virtual integration through less formal relationships to establish and manage collaboration. This article presents the hypothesis that these changes induced a fundamentally new dynamic in innovation processes that we label as collaborative pull innovation. This new form of innovation encompasses and directs product, process, and organizational innovation toward fulfilling consumer demand. To examine this hypothesis, the nature of private‐sector innovation is assessed within the context of the food sector. This sector is of special interest due to important roles played by small‐ to medium‐sized enterprises. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Information, labelling, and vertical coordination: an analysis of the Italian meat supply networks
Authors: Banterle Alessandro , Stranieri Stefanella
Published: July 2008

After the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) crisis, the European Union (EU) introduced mandatory and voluntary labelling for meat products to reduce the food safety concerns of consumers and to ensure a better distribution of liability among agents of the meat supply chain. The purpose of this article is to evaluate whether voluntary traceability labelling, introduced by Regulation 1760/2000, can be considered a useful instrument for both the producers and consumers of meat products. Attention is focused on the vertical coordination effects of introducing voluntary labelling along the beef chain and on the interest the Italian consumer shows in labelled information on meat products. Two surveys were conducted: one addressing Italian meat organizations that signed voluntary labelling agreements and the other a sample of 1,025 Italian consumers. With regard to supply, the survey revealed that improved traceability led to a better redistribution of liability among the agents of the meat supply chain and to a strengthening of vertical agreements. Regarding the consumers, the results showed a notable consumer interest in the labelled information such as the meat origin and the information related to the system of cattle breeding, cattle feeding, and the date of slaughtering. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.,
Crystal‐Packing‐Induced Antiferromagnetic Interactions of Metallocenes: Cyanonickelocenes, ‐cobaltocenes, and ‐ferrocenes
Authors: Altmannshofer Sandra , Herdtweck Eberhardt , Köhler Frank H. , Miller Robert , Mölle Rüdiger , Scheidt Ernst‐Wilhelm , Scherer Wolfgang , Train Cyrille
Published: July 2008

The cyano‐substituted metallocenes [M(C5H4CN)2] (M=Fe, 1; Co, 2; Ni 3) and [M(C5Me5)(C5H4CN)] (M=Fe, 4; Co, 5; Ni, 6) were synthesized in yields up to 58 % by treating K(C5H4CN) or Tl(C5H4CN) with suitable transition‐metal precursors. Cyclic voltammetry indicated that the oxidation and reduction potentials of all the cyanometallocenes were shifted to positive values by up to 0.8 V. Single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis showed that 1 had eclipsed ligands, formed planes in the lattice, and—unlike usual metallocenes—lined up in stacks perpendicular to these planes. Powder X‐ray studies established that 1 and 2 are isotypic. The 1H and 13C NMR spectra were recorded for all the new compounds. Signal shifts of up to δ=1500 ppm were recorded for the paramagnetic molecules 2 and 3 and were, at a given temperature, strikingly different for solution and solid‐state spectra. These results pointed to antiferromagnetic interactions as a consequence of molecular ordering in the lattice, as confirmed by magnetic measurements. The temperature‐dependent susceptibilities were reproduced by Heisenberg spin‐chain models (H=−J$\mathrel{\mathop{\sum}\limits^{n- 1}\limits_{i=1}}$SiSi+1), thus yielding J=−28.3 and −10.3 cm−1 for 2 and 3, respectively, whereas J=−11.8 cm−1 was obtained for 3 from the Ising spin‐chain model. In accordance with molecular orbital (MO) considerations, much spin density was found to be delocalized not only on the cyclopentadienyl ligand but also the cyano substituents. The magnetic interaction was interpreted as a Heitler–London spin exchange and was analyzed based on how the interaction depends on the singly occupied MOs and the shift of parallel metallocenes relative to each other.
The osteoclast: A multinucleated, hematopoietic‐origin, bone‐resorbing osteoimmune cell
Authors: Bar‐Shavit Zvi
Published: July 2008

The article to which this erratum refers was published in J Cell Biochem (2007) 102: 1130–1139. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Automorphisms of higher‐dimensional Hadamard matrices
Authors: de Launey Warwick , Stafford Richard M.
Published: July 2008

This article derives from first principles a definition of equivalence for higher‐dimensional Hadamard matrices and thereby a definition of the automorphism group for higher‐dimensional Hadamard matrices. Our procedure is quite general and could be applied to other kinds of designs for which there are no established definitions for equivalence or automorphism. Given a two‐dimensional Hadamard matrix H of order ν, there is a Product Construction which gives an order ν proper n‐dimensional Hadamard matrix P(n)(H). We apply our ideas to the matrices P(n)(H). We prove that there is a constant c > 1 such that any Hadamard matrix H of order ν > 2 gives rise via the Product Construction to cν inequivalent proper three‐dimensional Hadamard matrices of order ν. This corrects an erroneous assertion made in the literature that ”P(n)(H) is equivalent to “P(n)(H′) whenever H is equivalent to H′.” We also show how the automorphism group of P(n)(H) depends on the structure of the automorphism group of H. As an application of the above ideas, we determine the automorphism group of P(n)(Hk) when Hk is a Sylvester Hadamard matrix of order 2k. For ν = 4, we exhibit three distinct families of inequivalent Product Construction matrices P(n)(H) where H is equivalent to H2. These matrices each have large but non‐isomorphic automorphism groups. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 16: 507–544, 2008
Sexually dimorphic expression of pituitary glycoprotein hormones in a sex‐changing fish (Pseudolabrus sieboldi)
Authors: Ohta Kohei , Mine Takayuki , Yamaguchi Akihiko , Matsuyama Michiya
Published: July 2008

It is widely accepted that the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis is involved in gonadal sex change in socially controlled sex‐changing fish. However, the specific secretion profiles of pituitary gonadotropins (GtHs) in this type of fish are not known. To address this fundamental question, we demonstrated that the diurnal secretion patterns of GtHs differ distinctly between males and females in a socially controlled sex‐changing fish. We analyzed the pituitary mRNA levels of glycoprotein hormone subunits (i.e., the common α‐subunit and specific β‐subunits follicle‐stimulating hormone β, luteinizing hormone β, and thyroid‐stimulating hormone β) in the wrasse Pseudolabrus sieboldi, which is a model fish that exhibits accurate diurnal rhythms of gametogenesis in both males and females. Northern blots clearly showed that each subunit gene exhibits a diurnal rhythm of expression in the pituitary and that the expression patterns differ distinctly between the sexes. Our results suggest that oogenesis and spermatogenesis in this hermaphroditic fish are regulated differentially through the distinct secretion patterns of pituitary glycoprotein hormones. This study also provides direct evidence of the sexual plasticity of pituitary GtH secretion in a socially controlled sex‐changing fish. J. Exp. Zool. 309A:534–541, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of nasopharyngeal carcinoma growth by RTA‐expressing baculovirus vectors containing oriP
Authors: Wang Leyao , Shan Liang , Lo Kwok Wai , Yin Juan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Sun Ren , Zhong Jiang
Published: July 2008

Background

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is closely associated with latent Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. Activation of latent EBV into lytic replication by introducing viral lytic gene BRLF1 (RTA) has been shown to be a potential approach to suppress the growth of EBV‐associated NPC tumor.

Methods

The baculovirus vectors with RTA expression cassette (BV‐R), RTA and the EBV latent replication origin (OriP, BV‐RO), or RTA, OriP and EBNA‐1 gene (BV‐ROE‐CMV), were constructed and examined for their ability to mediate RTA expression, initiate lytic replication and induce cell death in EBV‐positive cell lines Hone1‐EBV, HK1‐EBV and C666‐1 in vitro. Their effect to inhibit the growth of EBV‐positive NPC tumors was also evaluated in nude mice.

Results

The baculovirus vectors BV‐RO and BV‐ROE‐CMV mediated efficient expression of RTA in EBV‐positive NPC cells. Lytic EBV replication and cell death were observed in these infected cells. Both vectors also significantly inhibited the growth of EBV‐positive NPC tumor in nude mice. EBV early lytic gene expression and tumor cell death were observed in these treated tumors.

Conclusions

The presence of OriP improved the performance of the RTA‐expressing baculovirus vectors to induce EBV lytic replication and cell death in vitro, and suppress the growth of EBV positive NPC tumors in vivo. By confining RTA and EBNA‐1 expression to EBV‐positive cells, BV‐RO is expected to be a better candidate in application than BV‐ROE‐CMV in the long term. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infinite families of 4‐chromatic Grötzsch‐Sachs graphs
Authors: Dobrynin Andrey A. , Mel'nikov Leonid S.
Published: July 2008

Let G be a 4‐regular planar graph and suppose that G has a cycle decomposition S (i.e., each edge of G is in exactly one cycle of the decomposition) with every pair of adjacent edges on a face always in different cycles of S. Such graphs, called Grötzsch‐Sachs graphs, arise as a superposition of simple closed curves in the plane with tangencies disallowed. The first two known 4‐chromatic Grötzsch‐Sachs graphs of order 18 were reported in Dobrynin and Mel'nikov [Discrete Math 306 (2006), 591‐594]. In this article, all edge 4‐critical subgraphs of these graphs are described and infinite families of 4‐chromatic Grötzsch‐Sachs graphs with connectivity 2, 3, and 4 are constructed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 59: 279–292, 2008
Hypergraphs with large transversal number and with edge sizes at least 3
Authors: Henning Michael A. , Yeo Anders
Published: July 2008

It is shown in several manuscripts [Discrete Math 86 (1990), 117–126; Combinatorica 12 (1992), 19–26] that every hypergraph of order n and size m with edge sizes at least 3 has a transversal of size at most (n + m)/4. In this article, we characterize the connected such hypergraphs that achieve equality in this bound. As a direct consequence of this bound, the total domination of a graph with minimum degree at least 3 is at most one‐half its order. An elegant graph theoretic proof of this result is presented in Archdeacon et al. [J Graph Theory 46 (2004), 207–210]. Using our hypergraph result, we characterize the connected graphs with minimum degree at least 3 and with total domination number exactly one‐half their order. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 59: 326–348, 2008
Total domination in 2‐connected graphs and in graphs with no induced 6‐cycles
Authors: Henning Michael A. , Yeo Anders
Published: July 2008

A set S of vertices in a graph G is a total dominating set of G if every vertex of G is adjacent to some vertex in S. The minimum cardinality of a total dominating set of G is the total domination number γt(G) of G. It is known [J Graph Theory 35 (2000), 21–45] that if G is a connected graph of order n > 10 with minimum degree at least 2, then γt(G) ≤ 4n/7 and the (infinite family of) graphs of large order that achieve equality in this bound are characterized. In this article, we improve this upper bound of 4n/7 for 2‐connected graphs, as well as for connected graphs with no induced 6‐cycle. We prove that if G is a 2‐connected graph of order n > 18, then γt(G) ≤ 6n/11. Our proof is an interplay between graph theory and transversals in hypergraphs. We also prove that if G is a connected graph of order n > 18 with minimum degree at least 2 and no induced 6‐cycle, then γt(G) ≤ 6n/11. Both bounds are shown to be sharp. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 60: 55–79, 2009
In situ detection of flavonoids in weld‐dyed wool and silk textiles by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Jurasekova Z. , Domingo C. , Garcia‐Ramos J. V. , Sanchez‐Cortes S.
Published: July 2008

Luteolin and apigenin flavonoid have been detected in silk and wool fibres dyed with weld (Reseda luteola L.) through surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements carried out ‘on the fibre’. For such purpose, Ag nanoparticles were produced and immobilised in situ via the laser photoreduction of a silver nitrate water solution in contact with the fibre. Control SERS spectra of pure luteolin and apigenin, as well as of mixtures of them, on analogous Ag nanoparticles were also obtained. In this work flavonoids with a similar molecular structure were identified on dyed fibres for the first time without previously hydrolysing the mordant–dye complex. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overexpression of VEGF is associated with positive p53 immunostaining in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and adverse outcome of HCC patients
Authors: Tseng Po‐Lin , Tai Ming‐Hong , Huang Chao‐Cheng , Wang Chih‐Chi , Lin Jui‐Wei , Hung Chao‐Hung , Chen Chien‐Hung , Wang Jing‐Houng , Lu Sheng‐Nan , Lee Chuan‐Mo , Changchien Chi‐Sin , Hu Tsung‐Hui
Published: July 2008

Background and Objectives

To elucidate the clinicopathological correlations among vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), microvessel density (MVD) and tumor suppressor gene p53 in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), we adopted a new definition of “VEGF overexpression.”

Methods

The expressions of VEGF, MVD, and p53 in 113 HCC specimens were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.

Results

VEGF expression in surrounding liver tended to be stronger (VEGF overexpression, 31%) than, or similar to (57%) that in HCCs (P = 0.001). P53 positivity was noted in 42 cases (37.1%). MVD ranged from 22 to 201 microvessels/field determined for 5 high‐power fields. VEGF expression in HCCs was positively correlated with MVD (P = 0.001). VEGF overexpression is positively correlated with young age (P = 0.008), male gender (P = 0.01), hepatitis B viremia (P = 0.013), high α‐fetoprotein levels (P < 0.001), p53 (+) (P = 0.036), advanced‐stage HCC (P = 0.015), and HCC dedifferentiation (P = 0.004). Survival analyses indicated that VEGF overexpression, high MVD, and advanced‐stage HCC were independent poor prognostic factors for disease‐free and overall survival.

Conclusion

This study provides evidence of a positive association between parameters reflective of angiogenesis, and p53 expression in HCCs. VEGF overexpression exhibited a significant correlation with viremia and survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:349–357. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exact boundary observability of unsteady flows in a tree‐like network of open canals
Authors: Gu Qilong , Li Tatsien
Published: July 2008

In this paper we establish the exact boundary observability of unsteady flows in a tree‐like network of open canals with general topology. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear damped Timoshenko systems with second sound—Global existence and exponential stability
Authors: Messaoudi Salim A. , Pokojovy Michael , Said‐Houari Belkacem
Published: July 2008

In this paper, we consider nonlinear thermoelastic systems of Timoshenko type in a one‐dimensional bounded domain. The system has two dissipative mechanisms being present in the equation for transverse displacement and rotation angle—a frictional damping and a dissipation through hyperbolic heat conduction modelled by Cattaneo's law, respectively. The global existence of small, smooth solutions and the exponential stability in linear and nonlinear cases are established. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A refined deterministic linear program for the network revenue management problem with customer choice behavior
Authors: Kunnumkal Sumit , Topaloglu Huseyin
Published: July 2008

We present a new deterministic linear program for the network revenue management problem with customer choice behavior. The novel aspect of our linear program is that it naturally generates bid prices that depend on how much time is left until the time of departure. Similar to the earlier linear program used by van Ryzin and Liu (2004), the optimal objective value of our linear program provides an upper bound on the optimal total expected revenue over the planning horizon. In addition, the percent gap between the optimal objective value of our linear program and the optimal total expected revenue diminishes in an asymptotic regime where the leg capacities and the number of time periods in the planning horizon increase linearly with the same rate. Computational experiments indicate that when compared with the linear program that appears in the existing literature, our linear program can provide tighter upper bounds, and the control policies that are based on our linear program can obtain higher total expected revenues. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008
Optimum step‐stress accelerated life test plans for log‐location‐scale distributions
Authors: Ma Haiming , Meeker William Q.
Published: July 2008

This article presents new tools and methods for finding optimum step‐stress accelerated life test plans. First, we present an approach to calculate the large‐sample approximate variance of the maximum likelihood estimator of a quantile of the failure time distribution at use conditions from a step‐stress accelerated life test. The approach allows for multistep stress changes and censoring for general log‐location‐scale distributions based on a cumulative exposure model. As an application of this approach, the optimum variance is studied as a function of shape parameter for both Weibull and lognormal distributions. Graphical comparisons among test plans using step‐up, step‐down, and constant‐stress patterns are also presented. The results show that depending on the values of the model parameters and quantile of interest, each of the three test plans can be preferable in terms of optimum variance. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008
Synthesis of phenothiazine‐based electroluminescent polymers with a stable emission property
Authors: Liu Yingliang , Li Jianghui , Cao Huayu , Cao Shaokui , Chen Zhijian , Xiao Lixin , Gong Qihuang
Published: July 2008

Two phenothiazine‐based polymers were synthesized by the Heck reaction of 3,7‐divinyl‐N‐octyl‐phenothiazine with 3,7‐diiodo‐N‐octyl‐phenothiazine and 5,8‐dibromo‐2,3‐diethylquinoxaline. The polymers were characterized by the measurements of 1H‐NMR, IR, TG, GPC, CV, UV–Vis, and FL. The results indicated that the introduction of quinoxaline group makes the absorption, PL, and EL emission maxima red‐shifted. The EL emission maximum and the CIE 1931 coordinate value are stabilized at a constant value with the increase in operating voltages. Therefore, the polymers have a stable electroluminescent emission property. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solubilization of heme proteins in low polar solvents by chemical modification on a protein's surface
Authors: Sakai Shinya , Kodama Lin , Matsumura Hirotoshi , Nakamura Nobuhumi , Yohda Masafumi , Ohno Hiroyuki
Published: July 2008

The use of nonaqueous solvents in biocatalytic reactions has gained much attention. Especially, biocatalysis in ionic liquids (ILs) has been investigated by many researchers recently. In this study, we tried to solubilize proteins in low polar solvents including water‐immiscible ILs. The proteins cytochrome c (cyt. c) and cytochrome P450 (P450) were chosen as model proteins. We used covalent modification with longer chain poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) or with both PEO and a hydrophobic modifier (n‐hexylamine) to improve the solubility of proteins in low polar nonaqueous solvents. The chemically modified proteins were dissolved in chloroform and hydrophobic water‐immiscible ILs. PEO150/C6‐cyt. c was slightly dissolved in chloroform. Alkyl amine modification of the carboxyl residues increased the solubility of PEO150‐modified cyt. c in chloroform. Cyt. c modified with PEO5000 is soluble in chloroform and low polar ILs. PEO2000/C6‐modified P450st and PEO5000‐modified P450st were dissolved in all low polar solvents used in this study. UV–Vis spectroscopy and resonance Raman spectroscopy revealed the structure of chemically modified heme proteins in the nonaqueous solvents. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genome‐scale identification of UDP‐GlcNAc‐dependent pathways
Authors: Lau Ken S. , Khan Sofia , Dennis James W.
Published: July 2008

Metabolite flux to UDP‐GlcNAc and Golgi N‐glycan biosynthesis regulates surface residency of glycoprotein receptors and transporters, and thus sensitivities of cells to extracellular cues. Salvage of GlcNAc increases UDP‐GlcNAc and branching of N‐glycans progressively, but displays an optimum for cell proliferation and bulk endocytosis in mouse NMuMG and human HEK293T epithelial cells. In this report, we measured global changes in gene expression in low and high GlcNAc‐supplemented cells. Genes upregulated by high GlcNAc included the EGF and TGF‐β signaling pathways and cell cycle checkpoint, while downregulated genes indicated lower metabolic activity. Genes increased or decreased by high GlcNAc were assessed by transfecting cells with small interfering RNA (siRNA) and measuring effects on three phenotypes: proliferation and bulk endocytosis, and β1,6GlcNAc‐branching of N‐glycans. siRNA targeting LGALS3, WBSCR17, PHF3, SDC2 and CTNNAL1 partially reversed the GlcNAc‐induced phenotypes, suggesting a role for galectin‐3/N‐glycans, proteoglycans, O‐glycans, and junctional cell adhesion.
Enthalpies of formation of olefinic ethers by G3(MP2)//B3LYP calculations
Authors: Taskinen Esko
Published: July 2008

The gas‐phase enthalpies of formation at 298.15 K of a number of acyclic and cyclic olefinic ethers (mainly α,β‐unsaturated ethers), together with those of a few cyclic mono‐ and dienes, have been estimated by G3(MP2)//B3LYP calculations. In most cases, the computational and experimental data (if available) are in good mutual agreement. Whenever significant deviations between the experimental and computational data were found, the experimental enthalpies of formation arise from a single data source, and it appears that small experimental errors are embedded therein. A marked error was found in the experimental enthalpy of formation of 2‐chloroethyl ethyl ether, used in this work as a reagent for estimation of the enthalpy of formation of 2‐chloroethyl vinyl ether by an isodesmic reaction. Moreover, significant errors were also found in the literature values for the computational (B3LYP/6‐311G**) enthalpies of formation of several Me‐substituted derivatives of methyl vinyl ether. The present computational method, besides providing acceptable enthalpies of formation for unsaturated ethers, was also found to give accurate ΔfH(g) values for cyclic mono‐ and dienes. Thus, the G3(MP2)//B3LYP computational method proved to be a valuable tool for investigating the energetics of olefinic ethers and hydrocarbons. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐phase flow electrosynthesis: Comparing N‐octyl‐2‐pyrrolidone–aqueous and acetonitrile–aqueous three‐phase boundary reactions
Authors: MacDonald Stuart M. , Watkins John D. , Bull Stephen D. , Davies Iwan R. , Gu Yunfeng , Yunus Kamran , Fisher Adrian C. , Page Philip C. Bulman , Chan Yohan , Elliott Claire , Marken Frank
Published: July 2008

A microfluidic double channel device is employed to study reactions at flowing liquid–liquid junctions in contact with a boron‐doped diamond (BDD) working electrode. The rectangular flow cell is calibrated for both single‐phase liquid flow and biphasic liquid–liquid flow for the case of (i) the immiscible N‐octyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NOP)–aqueous electrolyte system and (ii) the immiscible acetonitrile–aqueous electrolyte system. The influence of flow speed and liquid viscosity on the position of the phase boundary and mass transport‐controlled limiting currents are examined. In contrast to the NOP–aqueous electrolyte case, the acetonitrile–aqueous electrolyte system is shown to behave close to ideal without ‘undercutting’ of the organic phase under the aqueous phase. The limiting current for three‐phase boundary reactions is only weakly dependent on flow rate but directly proportional to the concentration and the diffusion coefficient in the organic phase. Acetonitrile as a commonly employed synthetic solvent is shown here to allow effective three‐phase boundary processes to occur due to a lower viscosity enabling faster diffusion. N‐butylferrocene is shown to be oxidised at the acetonitrile–aqueous electrolyte interface about 12 times faster when compared with the same process at the NOP–aqueous electrolyte interface. Conditions suitable for clean two‐phase electrosynthetic processes without intentionally added supporting electrolyte in the organic phase are proposed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Food vacuole proteome of the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Lamarque Mauld , Tastet Christophe , Poncet Joël , Demettre Edith , Jouin Patrick , Vial Henri , Dubremetz Jean‐François
Published: July 2008

The Plasmodium falciparum food vacuole (FV) is a lysosome‐like organelle where erythrocyte hemoglobin digestion occurs. It is a favorite target in the development of antimalarials. We have used a tandem mass spectrometry approach to investigate the proteome of an FV‐enriched fraction and identified 116 proteins. The electron microscopy analysis and the Western blot data showed that the major component of the fraction was the FV and, as expected, the majority of previously known FV markers were recovered. Of particular interest, several proteins involved in vesicle‐mediated trafficking were identified, which are likely to play a key role in FV biogenesis and/or FV protein trafficking. Recovery of parasite surface proteins lends support to the cytostomal pathway of hemoglobin ingestion as a FV trafficking route. We have identified 32 proteins described as hypothetical in the databases. This insight into FV protein content provides new clues towards understanding the biological function of this organelle in P. falciparum.
Characterisation of tumoral markers correlated with ErbB2 (HER2/Neu) overexpression and metastasis in breast cancer
Authors: Durán Ma Carmen , Vega Francisco , Moreno‐Bueno Gema , Artiga Ma Jesus , Sanchez Lydia , Palacios Jose , Ridley Anne , Timms John F.
Published: July 2008

The receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2 (HER2/neu) is overexpressed in ˜30% of breast cancers and is associated with poor prognosis and an increased likelihood of metastasis. Clinical treatments such as trastuzumab are effective in less than 35% of women diagnosed as ErbB2‐positive, highlighting the necessity of searching for novel targets and alternative therapies. Herein, a proteomic screening strategy combining quantitative‐based gel electrophoresis and MS was used to compare the protein expression of 48 normal human breast and tumour tissues differing in ErbB2 expression and lymph node status. The aim was to identify proteins associated with the aggressive phenotype of ErbB2‐positive breast cancer which could be potential biomarkers of the disease as well as therapy targets. In total, 177 protein isoforms (107 gene products) differentially expressed between tissue groups were identified. Immunohistochemical staining of a tissue‐microarray was used for validation of selected protein candidates. We found that expression of HSP90α, laminin and GSTP1 significantly correlated with ErbB2 expression, while others such as AGR2, NM23H1 and Annexin 2 were overexpressed in greater than 40% of tumours. Finally, knocking‐down the expression by RNA interference of three candidates, AGR2, Transgelin2 and NM23H1 resulted in an enhanced invasive capacity of MDA‐MB435 cells. These data support the involvement of these targets in tumour progression and identify them as novel biomarkers of the disease.
Proteomics and genomics of urinary bladder cancer
Authors: Mohammed Sulma I. , Rahman Munazzah
Published: July 2008

Urinary bladder cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the United States. The National Cancer Institute estimates that the incidence rates will be 68 810 and the mortality rate will be 14 100 in the year 2008. Although the gold standards cytology and cystoscopy are specific for diagnosing bladder cancer, the former lacks the sensitivity to detect low‐grade tumors and the latter is very invasive and expensive. Therefore, scientists are interested in identifying reliable non‐invasive biomarkers that could be utilized in screening, leading to early detection and/or in predicting the progression of superficial tumors to invasive higher‐stage lesions with high specificity and sensitivity. Several biomarkers that indicate changes in the expression of proteins associated with increased risk have been identified. The purpose of this analysis is to provide an overview of the studies that have been conducted during the last decade that identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers via proteomic and genomic advancements.
Dynamic computer simulations of Cs incorporation in Si during low‐energy (0.2–3 keV) irradiation
Authors: Gnaser Hubert
Published: July 2008

The incorporation of Cs atoms in silicon was investigated by dynamic computer simulations using the Monte‐Carlo code T‐DYN that takes into account the gradual change of the target composition due to the Cs irradiation. The implantation of Cs atoms at normal incidence was studied for four energies (0.2, 0.5, 1, and 3 keV) and three different Cs surface‐binding energies UCs (0.4, 0.8, and 2.4 eV). The total implantation fluences were 2 × 1017 Cs cm−2 for 0.2 keV, 1.5 × 1017 Cs cm−2 for 0.5 keV, and 1 × 1017 Cs cm−2 for 1 and 3 keV. At these values, a stationary state has been reached. The steady‐state Cs‐surface concentrations exhibit a pronounced dependence both on impact energy and UCs, varying between ∼1 (at 0.2 keV and UCs = 2.4 eV) and ∼0.13 (3 keV and UCs = 0.4 eV). Under equilibrium, the partial sputtering yield of Si, YSi, experiences little influence of UCs, but varies with the Cs energy: at UCs = 0.8 eV from 0.09 to 1.0 Si atoms/Cs projectile. For all irradiation conditions a strongly preferential sputtering of Cs atoms as compared to Si atoms is found, increasing from 1.8 (at 3 keV and UCs = 2.4 eV) to 13.3 (at 0.2 keV and UCs = 0.4 eV). Preferential sputtering of Cs increases with decreasing irradiation energy and decreasing UCs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does Improved Detection of Blunt Vertebral Artery Injuries Lead to Improved Outcomes? Analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank®
Authors: Spaniolas Konstantinos , Velmahos George C. , Alam Hasan B. , de Moya Marc , Tabbara Malek , Sailhamer Elizabeth
Published: July 2008

Background

The rate of blunt vertebral artery (BVI) has increased in institutions using aggressive screening protocols. It is unclear whether earlier diagnosis and therapy have improved outcomes. Our goal was to estimate the national incidence of BVI and BVI‐related stroke (BVI‐S), and report on the functional outcome of patients with this diagnosis.

Methods

The annual rates of BVI and BVI‐S were estimated by using the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB®) from 2001 to 2005. The functional outcome was evaluated by the modified functional independence measure (FIM) score (range, 3–12).

Results

A total of 574 patients with BVI were identified among the 761,385 blunt trauma admissions (0.075% overall incidence). BVI‐S was diagnosed in 12% of patients with BVI and no associated blunt carotid injury. The FIM on discharge was 9.62 ± 2.78 (range, 3–12), and 49% of the patients showed complete functional independence. Overall mortality was 8%. The annual incidence showed a steady increase from 0.053% in 2001 to 0.1% in 2005 (p < 0.001). No difference in annual BVI‐S and complete functional independence was observed.

Conclusions

As a result of increased awareness, the nation‐wide rate of detection of BVI has doubled in recent years. However, BVI‐S rates and functional outcome have not improved, raising questions about the available treatment protocols.
Helicobacter pylori‐Induced Damage to the Gastric Mucosa is Not Modulated by Previous Vagotomy or Medical Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Comparative Study of Vagotomized Patients, Medically Treated Peptic Ulcer Patients and Community Control Subjects
Authors: Lindsetmo Rolv‐Ole , Eide Tor Jac , Johnsen Roar , Revhaug Arthur
Published: July 2008

Background

An increase in the prevalence of precancerous lesions and atrophic changes in the gastric mucosa has been reported as long‐term consequences of vagotomy‐induced acid suppression. This study was designed to describe the long‐term changes in the gastric mucosa caused by vagotomy and Helicobacter pylori infection.

Methods

Seventy‐nine patients with vagotomized peptic ulcers, 70 nonoperated patients with peptic ulcers, and 85 matched community control subjects were randomly selected to participate in an upper endoscopic study. Biopsy specimens were taken from predestined locations of the gastric mucosa.

Results

Mean follow‐up time for the vagotomized patients was 17.3 (range, 6–28) years and 12.7 (range, 10–17) years for the medically treated peptic ulcer patients. In H. pylori‐positive subjects, severe atrophic changes in the distal gastric mucosa (prepylorus and angulus) was found in 30% (95% confidence interval (CI), 19–43) of the vagotomized patients and in 43% (95% CI, 29–58) of medically treated patients with peptic ulcers, and in 32% (95% CI, 20–46) of the community control subjects. Severe intestinal metaplasia was not found more frequently in vagotomized peptic ulcer patients compared with medically treated patients with peptic ulcers (p = 0.5). The histological picture of the age‐matched community control subjects did not differ significantly from the patients with peptic ulcers when corrected for presence of H. pylori infection.

Conclusions

This study lends no support to theories of increased premalignant changes in the gastric mucosa of vagotomized patients. H. pylori infection rather than long‐term acid suppression seems to be the explanation of the gastric mucosal changes seen after vagotomy.
Functional role of periostin in development and wound repair: implications for connective tissue disease
Authors: Hamilton Douglas W.
Published: July 2008

Integrity of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential for maintaining the normal structure and function of connective tissues. ECM is secreted locally by cells and organized into a complex meshwork providing physical support to cells, tissues, and organs. Initially thought to act only as a scaffold, the ECM is now known to provide a myriad of signals to cells regulating all aspects of their phenotype from morphology to differentiation. Matricellular proteins are a class of ECM related molecules defined through their ability to modulate cell–matrix interactions. Matricellular proteins are expressed at high levels during development, but typically only appear in postnatal tissue in wound repair or disease, where their levels increase substantially. Members of the CCN family, tenascin‐C, osteopontin, secreted protein acidic rich in cysteine (SPARC), bone sialoprotein, thrombospondins, and galectins have all been classed as matricellular proteins. Periostin, a 90 kDa secreted homophilic cell adhesion protein, was recently added to matricellular class of proteins based on its expression pattern and function during development as well as in wound repair. Periostin is expressed in connective tissues including the periodontal ligament, tendons, skin and bone, and is also prominent in neoplastic tissues, cardiovascular disease, as well as in connective tissue wound repair. This review will focus on the functional role of periostin in tissue physiology. Fundamentally, it appears that periostin influences cell behaviour as well as collagen fibrillogenesis, and therefore exerts control over the structural and functional properties of connective tissues in both health and disease. Periostin is a novel matricellular protein with close homology to Drosophila fasciclin 1. In this review, the functional role of periostin is discussed in the context of connective tissue physiology, in development, disease, and wound repair.
Pharmacological properties of purinergic receptors and their effects on proliferation and induction of neuronal differentiation of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells
Authors: Resende R.R. , Britto L.R.G. , Ulrich H.
Published: July 2008

We have used P19 embryonal carcinoma cells asin vitromodel for early neurogenesis to study ionotropic P2X and metabotropic P2Y receptor‐induced Ca2+transients and their participation in induction of proliferation and differentiation. In embryonic P19 cells, P2Y1, P2Y2and P2X4receptors or P2X‐heteromultimers with similar P2X4pharmacology were responsible for ATP and ATP analogue‐induced Ca2+transients. In neuronal‐differentiated cells, P2Y2,P2Y6, P2X2and possibly P2X2/P2X6heteromeric receptors were the major mediators of the elevations in intracellular free calcium concentration [Ca2+]i. We have collected evidence for the involvement of metabotropic purinergic receptors in proliferation induction of undifferentiated and neural progenitor cells by using a BrdU‐incorporation assay. ATP‐, UTP‐, ADP‐, 2‐MeS‐ATP‐ and ADP‐βS‐induced proliferation in P19 cells was mediated by P2Y1and P2Y2receptors as judged from pharmacological profiles of receptor responses. ATP‐provoked acceleration of neuronal differentiation, determined by analysis of nestin and neuron‐specific enolase gene and protein expression, also resulted from P2Y1and P2Y2receptor activation. Proliferation‐ and differentiation‐induction involved the activation of inositol‐trisphosphate sensitive intracellular Ca2+stores.
Beyond the pendulum model in rethinking the archaeology of Europe
Authors: Bartu-Candan Ayfer
Published: July 2008

In his review of recent trends in archaeology, Kristiansen argues that the changes in broad trends in cultural heritage management parallel profound changes in archaeological theory under the banner of postprocessualism. He also argues that one can conceptualize these changes through a pendulum model that swings between rationalism and romanticism, the former favouring generalized interpretations, the latter favouring local and national histories. For Kristiansen the problem lies in the emphasis on local and national frameworks for interpretation promoted by postmodernism and postprocessualism that prevents archaeologists from asking broader questions. Moreover, he claims, ‘the humanities, including archaeology, are today losing academic and political impact precisely because of this narrowing of their role’ (p. 24).
Experiences from the margins
Authors: Novaković Predrag
Published: July 2008

The title of the Round Table at the 2007 EAA meetings in Zadar triggered a déjà vu, taking me back to 1984 when archaeologists in the then Yugoslavia, at the occasion of the 12th Congress of the Association of Yugoslav Archaeological Societies in Novi Sad, organized a discussion with a very similar topic centred around two principal questions – ‘does Yugoslav archaeology exist?’ and ‘what is Yugoslav archaeology?’. One may argue that the context, political and national, differs much from the context in which the EAA's Round Table was organized, but the core dilemma remains the same – can we speak of a united or integrated discipline of archaeology in a multinational and multiethnic political framework, and what are the perspectives of such a discipline under the actual social and historical conditions in Europe?
SOME WEAKER FORMS OF THE CHAIN (F) CONDITION FOR METACOMPACTNESS
Authors: VURAL ÇETIN
Published: July 2008

We define, in a slightly unusual way, the rank of a partially ordered set. Then we prove that if X is a topological space and $\mathcal {W}=\{\mathcal {W}(x):x \in X\}$ satisfies condition (F) and, for every x∈X, $\mathcal {W}(x)$ is of the form $\bigcup _{i \in n(x)}\mathcal {W}_{i}(x)$, where $\mathcal {W}_{0}(x)$ is Noetherian of finite rank, and every other $\mathcal {W}_{i}(x)$ is a chain (with respect to inclusion) of neighbourhoods of x, then X is metacompact. We also obtain a cardinal extension of the above. In addition, we give a new proof of the theorem ‘if the space X has a base $\mathcal {B}$ of point-finite rank, then X is metacompact’, which was proved by Gruenhage and Nyikos.