bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemanfaatan Pangan Lokal Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Ketahanan Pangan Nasional : Dodol Tomat di Desa Margaluyu Kecamatan Pangalengan Kab. Bandung
Authors: Amelia Lenny , Aryasuta Dimas , Nabilah Feranisa
Published: December 2024

The utilization of local food resources to enhance national food security has become a primary focus in addressing global challenges such as climate change and international market fluctuations. This outreach activity focuses on the production of tomato dodol in Margaluyu Village, Pangalengan District, Bandung Regency, as a solution to strengthen national food security. Tomato dodol was chosen due to the abundant and nutritionally valuable local tomatoes, which can be processed into healthy and nutritious food products. The goal of this activity is to introduce tomato dodol as a beneficial alternative to broaden the choices of nutritious food consumption while supporting public health. Utilizing a (Community Based Participatory Research) CBPR approach, the activity ensures active community involvement at every stage, improving production and marketing skills. The evaluation and sustainability of the program support local economic development and public health in a sustainable manner. The outcomes of this activity include increased community knowledge about the benefits of tomato dodol, reduced reliance on food imports, and contributions to strengthening national food security through the optimal use of local resources.
Intelligent DevOps : Leveraging AI to Revolutionize Software Delivery
Authors: Apurva Reddy Kistampally
Published: December 2024

This article examines the transformative impact of artificial intelligence on DevOps practices and software delivery methodologies, presenting a comprehensive analysis of current implementations, challenges, and future directions. The article explores how AI-driven solutions are revolutionizing traditional DevOps workflows through advanced automation, predictive analytics, and intelligent decision-making systems. Key focus areas include the optimization of CI/CD pipelines through pattern recognition and machine learning algorithms, the enhancement of code quality through automated review systems, and the implementation of predictive analytics for proactive risk management in release cycles. The article delves into practical applications of AI in testing automation, user behavior simulation, and anomaly detection while addressing critical considerations such as model drift management and integration complexities. Through article analysis of industry implementations and emerging trends, this article demonstrates how organizations can achieve significant improvements in deployment efficiency, code quality, and operational reliability through AI-DevOps integration. The article indicates that organizations implementing AI-driven DevOps practices have experienced substantial reductions in deployment failures, accelerated release cycles, and enhanced software quality metrics. This article provides valuable insights for practitioners and researchers seeking to understand and implement AI-powered DevOps solutions while navigating the associated technical and organizational challenges.
Classification of Epileptic Seizure Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Samuel Apigi Ikirigo  , Yousuo Suokiente
Published: December 2024

Epileptic seizure detection remains a critical task in medical diagnosis, with machine learning (ML) algorithms offering promising avenues for accurate classification. This study investigates the efficacy of various ML algorithms in classifying epileptic seizures, focusing on the impact of dataset balance and dimensionality reduction techniques. A balanced dataset of seizure and non-seizure cases was utilized, ensuring robust model training across seizure types and frequencies. Feature extraction was performed using multiple techniques, with a particular emphasis on kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) due to its non-linear transformation capabilities. Classification was subsequently achieved through algorithms including k-nearest neighbors (KNN), random forests (RF), support vector machines (SVM), and decision trees (DT). The result obtained from binary classification scenario with SMOTE, showed the highest accuracies with KNN and RF, each achieving 95.14% with KPCA at d=7. KPCA yielded the most effective results in producing discriminative features for both binary and multi-class classification, highlighting its value for distinguishing seizure from non-seizure cases. These results indicate that a balanced dataset and an appropriate choice of dimensionality reduction—particularly non-linear KPCA—significantly improve classification performance. These findings support the efficacy of combined feature extraction and machine learning approaches in classifying epilepsy-related cases accurately, underscoring their potential in advancing diagnostic tools for epilepsy management.
Study of NiO Nanoparticles Synthesis by Sol Gel Method, Its Characterization and Biological Application
Authors: S.S. Kolekar  , S.S. Pingale  , S.M. Jagtap  , K.B. Kanwade
Published: December 2024

The present research work focuses on synthesis of Nickel oxide nanoparticles by sol-gel method, their characterization and the antibacterial effect of NiO on E. coli (NCIM 2065) and Bacillus subtilis (NCIM2063).Sol-gel technique is one of the simple, cost effective, environmentally safe technique for synthesis of Nickel oxide nanoparticles by optimizing reaction parameters to provide the good biological properties and applications. The green color Nickel oxide nanoparticles was synthesized, washed with distilled water, dried and calcinated at 5000c for 5 hours was investigated byFourier transform infrared spectroscopy, The X-ray powder diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopyandto usedstudy the antibacterial effect of NiO on E. coli (NCIM 2065)andBacillus subtilis (NCIM2063).
Exploration of Visual Art Elements in Communication Design
Authors: Hui Zeen
Published: December 2024

This article aims to explore the innovative exploration and practice of visual art elements in communication design. By sorting out the basic concepts, classifications, and application principles of visual art elements in communication design, the functions and roles of visual art elements in communication design are analyzed. On this basis, further explore the application of innovative thinking in visual art elements, as well as the innovation of visual art elements in terms of expression form and content. At the same time, it also analyzes the challenges faced by innovative visual art elements in communication design, including limitations in technological applications, differences in audience acceptance, and cultural and aesthetic diversity. In response to these challenges, strategies and suggestions are proposed to strengthen technological innovation and research and development, enhance audience participation and interactivity, respect and integrate diverse cultures and aesthetics.
Research on the Reasonable Application Strategy of AI Technology in the Field of Artistic Creation
Authors: Gu Ruoyu
Published: December 2024

In the context of social modernization, AI (artificial intelligence) technology has developed rapidly and accumulated practical experience in various industries, including the artistic creation, which is actively exploring the integration path with AI technology. However, in this process, influenced by various factors such as the creative environment and market characteristics, practitioners and creators in different art fields have made different reactions. These differences are objectively present and cannot be ignored. This paper explores the reasonable application strategies of AI technology in different fields of artistic creation, hoping to provide theoretical references for creators.
The Death and Female Beauty in Robert Browning’s “Porphyria’s Lover” (1836) and Pu Songling’s “Lotus Fragrance” (1740)
Authors: Li Hang
Published: December 2024

Robert Browning and Pu Songling both explore the death of women in literary works from the perspective of the Gothic. The purpose of this essay is to extract the passive and erotic elements contained in the death of women in the two works. It focuses on the textual comparison and systematic textual analysis to demonstrate women in different social contexts who are objectified and viewed as emotional dependents thus triggering passivity. In addition, although the element of eroticism appears several times in the theme of female death in Gothic literature, in Robert’s works, it does not have a direct connection with death, but instead justifies the violence; whereas in Pu’s works, it tends to be more independent, and becomes a reason for the development of the story.
Innovative Practice of Art Education in Colleges and Universities Based on the Background of "Five-education Integration"
Authors: Chen Xueqiong
Published: December 2024

Art education in colleges and universities is an important task to carry out the fundamental task of moral education, and the only way to realize aesthetic education in colleges and universities. Art education in colleges and universities in China should inherit and carry forward traditional art culture, generate and practice the idea of integration of five education in colleges and universities, cultivate and enhance students' artistic innovation ability, pay attention to and strengthen the ideological and political thinking of college art curriculum. At present, China's college art education certificate faces many difficulties. Based on the background of "five education integration", this paper explores the way of college art education innovation, which is conducive to speeding up the construction of education power, promoting high-quality development of aesthetic education, and truly empowering students to become all-round talents.
Plot Lines and Narrative Strategies of Short Video News-analysis of Short Video Works Based on the 28th-32nd China News Awards
Authors: Yang Chun
Published: December 2024

From the perspective of media memory production, short video news is not only a new type of memory carrier, but also a memory practice that influences the audience's understanding of the past. With the features of low threshold of production, strong social attributes and easy interaction, short video news plays an important role in bridging the information gap, shaping collective memory, and cohesion of national identity. In order to explore the memory practice of short video news in depth, this paper chooses the short video news works of China Journalism Award, which is the trend of short video news production, as the research object, aiming at analysing the highly schematized plot line and narrative strategy in these works.
Reflections on Educational Management by College Counselors from a Psychological Perspective
Authors: Zhang Yuheng
Published: December 2024

As the national emphasis on education continues to grow, higher education has garnered increased attention. College counselors, as an essential part of educational management, have seen their roles become more prominent. Counselors are required to delve deeply into various aspects of their work, adapting to the specific characteristics of the country's educational system and the development of universities, providing strong support for the holistic development of students. From a psychological perspective, the work of college counselors involves not only focusing on students' academic achievements but also paying attention to their mental health and psychological development. This paper analyzes the importance of educational management work by college counselors from a psychological perspective and proposes effective strategies to offer helpful references for college counselors.
Progress and Trend of Teacher Emotional Labor Research: A Visual Analysis Based on CNKI Literature
Authors: Liu Mingjie
Published: December 2024

In order to review the development of teachers' emotional labor related research in China as a whole, this paper systematically analyzes the research trends, hot spots and trends of teachers' emotional labor by using the bibliometric method and visual method. Through the effective use of the visualization software CiteSpace6.3, the visualization analysis based on the collection of relevant data from CNKI database is realized. This study has certain reference value to grasp the knowledge base, theme structure and the latest research frontier of teachers' emotional labor.
Analysis of the Application Prospects of Computer Big Data in Higher Education Curriculum Software Development
Authors: Chen Xiaoping
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the application prospects of computer and big data in the development of higher education curriculum software. It analyzes the current state of computer and big data in higher education, including technological applications and the state of curriculum software. The discussion focuses on the demands and challenges in developing higher education curriculum software, emphasizing the need for personalized learning and the limitations of current technologies. The paper further proposes integration paths of computer and big data, such as data collection and processing, data analysis to support educational decision-making, and personalized learning design. Finally, it analyzes the future prospects, pointing out that computer and big data will promote educational equity, enhance teaching quality, and foster lifelong learning development.
Rhetorical Adaptability of English as a Global Lingua Franca: A Discussion on Cultural Conflict and Integration
Authors: Li Qingling
Published: December 2024

As English has become the dominant global lingua franca, its role in intercultural communication has evolved significantly. This paper explores the rhetorical adaptability of English in the context of its global use, examining how cultural conflicts and integrations shape its usage. By focusing on rhetorical practices in diverse cultural settings, the study reveals how English adapts to various cultural contexts, bridging differences while also encountering resistance. The discussion also highlights how English as a global language influences and is influenced by local rhetorical traditions, resulting in a dynamic interplay between cultural convergence and divergence.
Cultural Symbol Analysis and Artistic Value Exploration of Hakka Dance Props
Authors: Xu Yi
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this research paper is to delve into the profound cultural symbolism and artistic value inherent in the dance props used by the Hakka people, which are an integral component of their traditional culture. This study aims to explore the multifaceted significance of these props by examining their historical roots, their role within the social fabric of Hakka society, and their contribution to the artistic landscape of the community. The paper is structured into four primary sections: an introduction that sets the stage for the discussion, an in-depth analysis of the cultural symbolism embedded within the dance props, a detailed examination of their artistic value, and a conclusion that synthesizes the findings to illuminate the intricate relationship between these props and their cultural significance. The research findings underscore the close connection between the Hakka dance props and their cultural symbolism, revealing how these objects not only serve as a means of preserving the rich heritage of the Hakka people but also play a pivotal role in enhancing the aesthetic appreciation and spiritual fulfillment of the community. Through this comprehensive analysis, the paper aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the Hakka dance props as a unique and valuable aspect of the Hakka cultural identity.
TRADITIONS AS A RESOURCE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MOUNTAINOUS TERRITORIES OF DAGESTAN
Authors: Magomedkhanov Magomedkhan M. , Sadovoy Alexander N. , Magdilov Mazhid M.
Published: December 2024

The article examines the maintenance of ethno-cultural traditions aimed at preserving and enhancing the socio-economic and demographic vitality of the mountainous regions of Dagestan. It highlights the following points: a) during the imperial era, rural communities and their self-governing institutions were formally recognized (Regulations of April 26, 1868), thereby safeguarding traditional systems of governance, land tenure, land use, education, and legal proceedings. The onset of capitalist relations in the mountainous regions during the late 19th and early 20th centuries actually stimulated the development, rather than displacement, of traditional economic structures. This collective effort contributed to maintaining the region’s stability and prosperity; b) in the Soviet era, the administrative-territorial organization of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (DASSR) saw the implementation of socialization measures, including nationalization and the distribution of communal (khIarim), private (mulk), and mosque-administered (waqf) lands to collective farms, with due consideration given to the boundaries of rural communities. Following the Second World War (1941-1945), collective farms gained prominence; c) the processes of perestroika and post-Soviet periods witnessed the privatization of collective farm assets, including administrative and auxiliary buildings in mountainous areas and lands designated for transhumance, as well as the transfer of alpine and winter pastures to new owners. Traditional rural self-governing institutions were gradually marginalized in favor of “economic entities.” Despite receiving state support through federal and regional programs, these changes led to the decline of mountain economies and subsequent depopulation of these regions. The article underscores that the ethno-cultural landscape of mountainous areas, which largely remain outside the realm of modern mountain economy technologies in Dagestan, is shaped not only by physical-geographical and economic factors but also by the inherent way of life in these regions, as understood through socio-demographic and ethno-cultural lenses.
EXPERIENCE IN BIOGRAPHICAL COMPILATION OF MEDIAEVAL DAGESTAN SCHOLARS: A CASE STUDY OF MUHAMMAD AL-IRI (17TH CENTURY)
Authors: Karimov Magomedarip O. , Malamagomedov Jamaludin M.
Published: December 2024

This study examines the previously unexplored life and works of Muhammad b. ‘Umar ad-Dagistani al-‘Iri, a 17th-century scholar from Dagestan. His authorship of the Arabic hagiographic treatise “Khazihi risala al-jinn” (1668) is well-established. By examining the colophon of a manuscript copied by his father in 1633, this research unveils the scholar’s origins. Additionally, several manuscripts he copied during his studies and travels through the Middle East have been identified. By analyzing them, the research unveils his academic background, including the range of disciplines and textbooks studied, as well as his scope of interests. We’ve uncovered a written source – the memoirs of Muhammad al-‘Iri, written in the genre of edification. Within these memoirs, the author recounts his experiences in Shemakha, Erzurum, Damascus, Mecca, and other cities visited during his pilgrimage to Mecca. He also provides the names of numerous theologians and intellectuals from various regions of the Ottoman Empire whom he encountered during his travels. The research concludes that Muhammad al-‘Iri was born in the 1620s and likely passed away around 1680. Through extensive study and travel in the Middle East, he developed expertise in logic, Islamic jurisprudence, history, and notably, hagiography.
ARCHAEOZOOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF HORSES FROM THE GASTON WOTA BURIAL GROUND (NORTH OSSETIA-ALANIA, 7th-4th CENTURIES BC)
Authors: Spasskaya Natalia N. , Moshinsky Alexander P.
Published: December 2024

Representatives of the Koban archaeological culture (12th-3rd centuries BC) inhabited the mountainous areas on both sides of the Greater Caucasus Range, the foothills and plateaus of the southern Stavropol Upland. They led a sedentary lifestyle, engaging in cattle breeding and agriculture. While horse breeding was not a central component of the Koban economy, horses held significant cultural and ritual importance. Despite the abundance of horse remains discovered in Koban archaeological sites, these remains have largely been neglected by dedicated archaeozoological research. This study presents the first comprehensive archaeozoological analysis of horses from the Koban culture, focusing on the Gaston Wota burial ground located in the North Caucasus. The Gaston Wota burial ground yielded the remains of at least 25 horses. These remains were found in various contexts: buried alongside humans, within dedicated burial deposits (36% of individuals each), and in separate sacrificial sites (28%). Notably, the majority of the horses were young animals, with 56% of individuals categorized as under 3.5 years old and 20% falling within the 3.5-4.5 year age range. Sex determination was possible for three individuals, all of whom were identified as stallions. The analysis suggests that horses were likely used for riding purposes starting from the age of 2.5-3 years. In terms of size, the studied Koban horses were primarily medium-sized, with withers heights ranging from 136 to 144 cm. A smaller portion of the sample exhibited shorter heights, falling within the 128-136 cm range. Based on the proportions of limb bones, the horses can be characterized as medium-legged and thin-legged, exhibiting characteristics similar to fast-gaited breeds such as racing or trotting horses. The data obtained from this osteological material does not support the previously held notion, based on artistic depictions, that the Koban culture possessed two distinct horse breeds. However, this conclusion remains preliminary due to the limited size of the sample analyzed.
THE UNKNOWN HERITAGE OF BAB AL-ABWAB: "SHARH ASH-SHIHAB" OF ABU AL-QASIM AL-BABI AND "TUHFAT AL-ASHAB" OF ABU BAKR AD-DARBANDI
Authors: Alibekov Khizri G.
Published: December 2024

The paper explores the earliest theological work in the North Caucasus, “Sharh al-Shihab”, written by a theologian of the 11th century from Bab al-Abwab, Abu al-Qasim al-Warraq al-Babi (d. between 1098-1004). This work is a commentary on the work of an Egyptian qadi and preacher Abu Abdullah al-Quda‘i (d. 1062) “Shihab al-Akhbar”, in which the author collected various aphorisms and maxims attributed to the Prophet Muhammad. During our study, we revealed numerous lists of “Sharh al-Shihab” stored in libraries and archives in various parts of the world. Some of these lists are used in our paper in order to analyze the text of the work. The study brings to light new valuable information from the life of the Muslim community in the Caucasus in the 11-12th centuries. In the course of the study, it was found that al-Warraq’s disciple, a famous Sufi and theologian from Bab al-Abwab, Abu Bakr al-Darbandi (d. in the first third of the 12th century) also composed his own commentary on the “Shihab al-Akhbar” by al-Quda‘i, taking as a basis the commentary of his teacher. The lists of this previously unknown work, which the author entitled “Tuhfat al-Ashab fi Sharh al-Shihab”, were also uncovered. Some of them became the subject of this study. Thus, the paper examines two works of the 11-12th centuries, compiled in Bab al-Abwab. The study suggests that the writing of these works is a reflection of the general processes in the socio-religious sphere that took place in the Muslim world during the specified period.
DAGESTAN ANTHROPONYMY IN THE LOCAL ARABIC-LANGUAGE WRITTEN TRADITION: SOME PRACTICAL ISSUES OF SOURCE STUDIES AND PUBLICATIONS
Authors: Musaev Makhach A.
Published: December 2024

The Arabic language, which came to the East Caucasus along with Islam, with the intensification of Islamization processes became the language of writing for the region. It maintained this status until the end of the 1920s of the 20th century, fundamentally changing the local nomenclature of proper names and fully adapting their spelling to the already established rules of the Arabic anthroponymic system, the components of which were kunya, mansab, ism, nasab, nisba and lakab. Dagestan anthroponymy in local Arabic texts functioned according to the rules and within the framework of Arab-Islamic anthroponymy; however, it had a number of peculiarities. The basis of the Dagestan anthroponymicon was the names abbreviated to ‘urf, which was sufficient for identification. These are names consisting of a proper name, which often goes with a nasab, as well as a nisba, formed according to a geographical principle and attributing a person to their community (village) or union of communities. This form became the most common due to its similarity with the local Dagestan model of identification and self-identification. The experience of working with the Dagestan Arabic-language written heritage has allowed us to point out certain difficulties in reading and identifying local nisbas: the absence of Arabic equivalents of part of the letters of the Dagestan languages, the transformation of nisbas in time, the translation of nisbas’ meaning, their abbreviation, etc. This problem can be solved by compiling a dictionary of Dagestan nisbas, the model of which is proposed in our study. The paper also highlights the peculiarities of the denotation of Dagestan Arabic anthroponymy in Cyrillic: a combination of transliteration, transcription, etc., which, despite the contradiction, are often combined within the framework of a single publication. We propose to use a unified approach within the framework of one study, while the best way to convey Dagestan anthroponymy is to use the original Arabic script at the first mention, and later in the text to denote it with a simplified transcription as close as possible to the phonation in Dagestan languages.
ANTHROPOMORPHIC IMAGES ON POTTERY OF THE SAMOSDELKA SETTLEMENT
Authors: Zilivinskaya Emma Davidovna , Boldyreva Ekaterina Mikhailovna , Vasiliev Dmitry V.
Published: December 2024

The Samosdelka fortified settlement, located in the center of the Volga delta, dates back to the 9th – the first half of the 14th century. The study aims to introduce anthropomorphic images on unglazed and glazed vessels found during excavations of this site. On crude molded vessels, which can be associated with the nomadic component of the population of the Lower Volga region of the 9th–12th centuries, images of anthropomorphic figures are observed on wet clay. The figures have large round heads, which in some cases have facial features. The torso, arms and legs are mostly not visible. Similar images are known in the pottery of the Saltovo-Mayaki culture and the “nomadic” pottery of Sarkel. They might have had a sacred meaning. Anthropomorphic images on imported glazed ceramics are associated with the Islamic art. Parts of the human body imagery are found on both kashin and red clay pottery. Two kashin vessels depict scenes from secular life, a musician playing a stringed instrument, and a ruler on a throne. Here the images of people are of decorative nature. At the same time, pottery with mascarons could have had a cult-magical function, as well as a platter depicting a mythical bird-woman, a siren. The paper analyzes the images and compares them with a wide range of analogies published both in Russian and foreign publications. The methodological basis of archaeological and cultural research is historical comparative studies, in particular, comparative-historical and comparative-typological methods. On the example of the anthropomorphic images of the Samosdelka fortified settlement, one can see how, over time, their sacred functions become less pronounced, and the depictions take on the form of decoration.
REVIEW
on the monograph "The Caucasian-Caspian region in the policy of the Russian Empire in the first third of the 18th century". / [under the general. ed. Sh.A. Magaramov]. - Makhachkala: IIAE DFITs RAS, 2022. - 322p.
Authors: Garunova Nina N.
Published: December 2024

The collective monograph presents the latest results of the study of the Caspian-Persian vector of the foreign policy of Peter the Great and his successors in the first third of the 18th century. A wide range of historical sources are provided in the book, most of which were collected from the regional and federal archives of Russia, and are introduced into scientific circulation by the authors for the first time. The issues of source study and historiography of the subject are discussed, the features of international relations in the region in connection with the Persian campaign of Peter I are considered, complex issues of the formation and implementation of Russian administrative practice and the integration of the Caspian regions into the imperial system are analyzed, the image of Peter I is reconstructed in the historical memory of the population of Dagestan.
ON THE DATING OF THE DATUNA TEMPLE
Authors: Khapizov Shakhban M.
Published: December 2024

This study addresses several interconnected issues. Primarily, it delves into the challenging task of establishing the construction date of the sole surviving medieval Christian temple within the modern boundaries of Dagestan. Concurrently, it investigates the social dynamics of the settlement that existed alongside the temple during the medieval era. These issues are contextualized within the broader political landscape of the South Caucasus and the strategic maneuvers of the Byzantine Empire in its endeavor, during the mid-10th century, to assert dominance over all Christian churches in the Caucasus. This multifaceted approach enables the reconstruction of a comprehensive historical narrative and offers insights into questions that naturally arise when attempting to address any one aspect of this complex puzzle. In determining the Datuna Temple’s construction timeframe, the study builds upon the dating framework proposed by R. Shmerling, a recognized expert in Georgian church architecture. Additionally, it incorporates newly uncovered or reinterpreted written sources, which, in the author’s view, yields a more precise dating. Through an examination of medieval Armenian, Georgian, Arabic, and local sources, the study arrives at the conclusion that the Datuna Temple’s construction was commissioned by King Sarir (Nutsal of Avaria) Bayar III (Bakhtishor-huasro) in the year 1008. Furthermore, considering subsequent historical developments and sources, the study posits that the Datuna settlement likely served as the winter residence of that ruler, housing individuals from a dependent social class. Consequently, the study provides a comprehensive exploration of political and confessional history, as well as shedding light on the cultural aspects of medieval Dagestan’s settled communities.
THE HAJJ OF THE MUSLIMS OF THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS
IN 1945–1991
Authors: Akhmadullin Vyacheslav Abdulovich
Published: December 2024

A thorough search and subsequent analysis of archival documents, primarily in the State Archives of the Russian Federation (GARF) in the fund F. R-6991 “Council for Religious Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the USSR” inventory 3 “Council for Religious Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. 1944–1960”, inventory 4 “Council for Religious Cults under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. Inventory of documentary materials of permanent storage for 1944-1965. and inventory 6 “Council for Religious Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. 1966-1991" makes it possible to answer many questions related to the Hajj of Soviet Muslims from 1944 to 1991 inclusive. One of the important and interesting problems is the disclosure of secrets associated with trips to the hajj of the Muslims of the North Caucasus. It is from this region of our country that the largest number of pilgrims have been going on the hajj for almost 30 years, which is the complete opposite of the Soviet period, with the exception of 1990 and 1991. It was in these two years, due to a complex of internal and external reasons, that the situation in The policy of the USSR in relation to all believers has undergone cardinal - revolutionary changes and the flow of Muslims from the North Caucasus has reached record levels.
EXCAVATION OF A SINGLE KURGAN UCHKENT IV
Authors: Gadjiev Murtazali S. , Malashev Vladimir Yu. , Saipudinov Murad Sh. , Abdulaev Abdula M. , Abiev Askerkhan K. , Budaychiev Arsen L. , Shaushev Kydyrali B.
Published: December 2024

In 2019, a joint archaeological expedition of the Scientific and Production Center for Tourism and Local Lore, the Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Archeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences conducted rescue excavations of the single kurgan Uchkent IV, located in the reconstruction zone of the Grozny-Baku oil pipeline in the Kumtorkala district of the Republic of Dagestan. An outer stone crescent-shaped pavement, a stone sketch around and above burial 1 surrounded by a cromlech, and two burials in stone tombs (burials 1 and 2) were identified under the mound embankment. The funeral rite and the burial equipment preserved after the robbery allow us to attribute the main burial 1 and the time of the construction of the kurgan to the Middle Bronze Age. Intake burial 2 also refers to the Middle Bronze Age, but the almost complete absence of burial equipment does not allow to clarify its chronology. Kurgan Uchkent IV has close parallels with the Taular-gol kurgans in Caspian Dagestan, with which it is possible to form one chronological and cultural group associated with the Sulak (Prisulak) culture.
The revealed details of the kurgan architecture and funeral rite, expressed in a combination of solar (cromlech) and lunar pavements around the central burial in a tomb surrounded by a dense stone coating that imitated a round embankment, are of particular interest. The oldest similar, stone and earthen, pavements in the Caucasus date back to the Eneolithic, they are found in the burial mounds of the Maykop cultural and historical community of the Early Bronze Age, as well as in the barrows of the Middle Bronze Age. It can be assumed that solar-lunar constructions are due to religious ideas about life and death, reflecting some cosmogonic binary representations of the carriers of this sometimes occurring ritual (archaic myths about the Sun and the Moon).
THREAD, SCRAPS AND FABRIC IN THE TRADITIONAL RITUAL CULTURE OF DAGISTANIS
Authors: Musaeva Majsarat K.
Published: December 2024

The article focuses on identifying the role of specific elements within the “objectified” culture in the mythopoetic worldview and ritualistic practices of the Dagestani peoples. It aims to explore commonplace items like thread, scraps, and fabric, which, while being familiar in our tangible world, possess not only utilitarian functions but also distinct semiotic qualities. These items have the capacity to forge particular social connections, attributable to their utilization in the ritual culture prevalent among the majority of the Dagestani peoples. Given the contemporary impact of globalization, which often results in the erosion of historical knowledge and ideas, there is a compelling justification for documenting the material and spiritual landscape of our ancestors. This study draws on an examination of specialized literature and field data amassed by the author over numerous years of ethnographic expeditions in Dagestan. The approach involves comprehending the internal structure of developmental patterns within general and specialized scientific knowledge systems, with a particular emphasis on the role of everyday items in socially significant events. The author concludes that the central concept defining the semantic essence of thread, and its derivatives such as fabric, scraps, embroidery designs, carpets, and rugs, revolves around the interconnectedness of ideas with the destiny of life and the social bonds established through the use of thread. This connection signifies continuity and ritual connotations. Notably, thread serves as a medium through which temporal and spatial gaps are bridged, linking life with death, individuals with society, and establishing or disrupting social and mythological “dialogues.” The core of this semantic significance lies in the process of producing woven objects through weaving, where countless threads are interwoven to form a unified whole. This method, in turn, holds the potential to connect the cosmic principle with human life, as well as the world of people with the otherworldly realms, beliefs deeply ingrained in the past.
GENEALOGY OF THE UTSMI FAMILY ACCORDING TO THE NARRATIVE SOURCE “THE CHRONICLE OF MAHMUD OF KHINALUG”
Authors: Polchaeva Fatimat A. , Musaev Makhach A. , Alibekov Hizri G.
Published: December 2024

Numerous critical aspects regarding the genealogy of Dagestan ruling families persist as subjects of debate to this date. Key issues of the origins of the principal Dagestan ruling houses (Nutsals, Shamkhals, Utsmis), the commencement of their reign, the etymology of their titles, and various other matters are still unresolved. Addressing these issues necessitates systematic genealogical research, incorporating the examination and interpretation of narrative sources dedicated to the genealogies of feudal families. A noteworthy contribution to this genre is the “Chronicle of Mahmud of Khinalug,” previously translated from Arabic into Russian and analyzed by specialists. In order to thoroughly explore this valuable narrative, we have undertaken a new translation of the text, developed genealogical diagrams to visualize the information. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the two branches of the Kaitag family has been conducted, along with calculations facilitating the determination of chronological periods in the lives of the personalities mentioned in the chronicle. As part of this study, we have included two previously summarized fragments from earlier Russian translations. Notably, Sultan, the son of Sultan Muhammad, has been omitted from the genealogy due to an identified error in the preceding translation of the text. It is essential to acknowledge that the chronicle is a composite of works authored by two or more individuals. The original version traces the genealogy of the southern branch of the Utsmi family to the descendants of Muhammad Beg, who lived in the mid-15th century – a date corroborated by the author’s signature preserved in the work, indicating the year 1456/57. Subsequent additions to the text have been made, possibly on more than one occasion. In essence, this is a compilation work.
NEOLITHIC CERAMICS OF THE CHOKH SETTLEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF CERAMIC TECHNOLOGICAL TRADITIONS OF THE EASTERN CAUCASUS
Authors: Petrova Natalia Yu. , Saipudinov Murad Sh. , Karpova Evgeniya V. , Babenko Anna N. , Kosorukov Vladimir L. , Guliyev Farhad Eldar oglu , Sagitova Maryam J.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this article is to study the place of Neolithic ceramics of the Chokh settlement among the cultural and technological traditions of the Neolithic ceramics of the Caucasus, as well as its role in the formation of ceramic production of Central Dagestan. In this regard, in the course of this work, using technological, photographic, XRD and spherulite analyzes, a comparative study of Neolithic ceramics from Chokh settlement was carried out with products from the closest Neolithic settlement of Transcaucasia – Göytepe, located in the middle reaches of the Kura River, as well as with later ceramic materials from the Chalcolitic and Bronse Age periods of Central Dagestan. The analysis of Neolithic ceramics from the Chokh settlement, on the one hand, showed that it is entirely an item of local production, which is determined by the characteristics of the raw materials, and the admixture of grog in the pottery paste. On the other hand, connections with one of the types of Transcaucasian ceramics from the settlements of the early 6-th millennium BCE, Haci Elamxanli Tepe and Gadachrili Gora – products with mineral admixture and, possibly, dung in the pottery paste, fired mostly in reducing atmosphere with applique buttons on the surface are presumably recorded. This type continued to exist in later Göytepe materials with some changes. Further, in the pottery production of Central Dagestan during the Chalcolitic – Bronze Age period, on the one hand, we can talk about the gradual development – the replacement of mineral admixtures, the appearance of polishing tradition and improvement of firing conditions.
ON THE ICONOGRAPHY OF LIONS AND LEOPARDS ON THE GOBLET OF KARASHAMB
Authors: Hmayakyan Hasmik Harutyun , Mirzoyan Monika Hovik
Published: December 2024

The Goblet of Karashamb (c. 22nd-21st centuries BC, stored in the History Museum of Armenia, HMA 3183-206) is considered one of the most renowned archaeological artifacts in Armenia. The iconographic features of the goblet have already been discussed by researchers. Various opinions, parallels, and comparisons mentioned by them highlight that the Goblet of Karashamb synthesizes the iconography and jewelry styles distinctive to Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, and the South Caucasus. While concurring with this assessment, this study focuses specifically on the depictions of lions and leopards on the goblet, exploring potential parallels in Asia Minor culture. For the first time, these depictions are examined within the context of preserved Hittite sources, correlating their role with the attributes and proceedings of the Hittite KI.LAM festival (the “Festival of the Gate”) of Hattian origin. Certain aspects of the Goblet of Karashamb’s iconography suggest connections to early Hittite or pre-Hittite periods. The iconography of lions and leopards represents an ancient tradition in Asia Minor, exemplified by the Lion Gate of Hattusa. A notable instance of royal association with these animals appears in the Annals of Ḫattušilis I (c. 1650-1620 BCE), one of the earliest Hittite kings. The analyzed attributes of the KI.LAM festival, contextualized within the goblet’s iconography, have ancient Hattian roots and likely trace back to the early Hittite period. This interpretation is further supported by Anitta’s text (c. 1790-1750 BCE) from the early Hittite period, which scholars have compared to the KI.LAM festival description. Notably, the animals captured during the royal hunt in this text correspond to those depicted on the Goblet of Karashamb.
TWO STONE CROSSES FROM THE COLLECTION OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN
Authors: Potravnov Aleksander L. , Khmelnik Tatyana Yu.
Published: December 2024

Research into the hybrid and syncretic cults of the Black Sea Adyghe-Shapsugs inevitably faces the issue of interpretation of the prayer crosses-jors as ritual elements of a bygone tradition. These crosses come in three forms: T-shaped, Y-shaped, and Byzantine-Caucasian Christian. The first and last types have been documented since at least the 18th century through travelers’ descriptions. The T-shaped variant, however, is only mentioned in texts, while almost all drawings depict Byzantine-Caucasian Christian crosses. Y-shaped crosses were identified by researchers in the 1930s during ethnographic expeditions. Initially, they were simplistically categorized as “pagan fetishes” due to the political context, leading to their neglect in museum storage and academic study for many years. A revised interpretation provides a fresh perspective on the prayer crosses-jors. This article explores various interpretations of their symbolism within the sacred narratives of folk Christianity, which have been preserved in the culture of the Black Sea Adyghe-Shapsugs. Additionally, the article offers a new interpretation of the well-known tapshi staff among the Circassians (Adyghe), which had been erroneously identified as a cross-jor. The author draws on samples of crosses-jors stored in the MAE RAS and photographs taken in 1939 by Evgeny Shilling and Sergey Tokarev in the Black Sea Shapsugia. These photographs are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time with the permission of the MAE RAS.
NEW PROTOMEOTIAN BURIAL GROUND IN THE FOOTHILLS OF ADYGEA
Authors: Erlikh Vladimir R. , Leotyeva Anna S. , Abramova Alexandra N.
Published: December 2024

This article presents materials from a newly discovered burial ground of the Protomeotian group of sites, located in the foothills of Adygea on the Azishsky Ridge near the village of Dakhovskaya. The burial ground was discovered by the team of the Caucasian Expedition LLC “Kulturnoye Nasledie” in 2023 (chief of the expedition – A.S. Leontieva) during the study of the mound “Azishsky-16,” the main burial of which dates to the Early Bronze Age. The Protomeotian burial ground was found overlaying this mound. The site contains nine burials with Proto-Meotian material, situated on a rocky base under a rock riprap, all in elongated positions with varying orientations. Except for one, all burials are of the single type. Grave goods primarily consist of adornments, including pins with oar-shaped and rounded heads, beads, a bracelet, spiral laces, and button plaques. A whetstone was found in one burial. Some burials, located on the Transcaucasian pass route, contain objects indicating connections with the Koban and Bzyb Colchian cultures. Notably, there are parallels in the grave goods and funeral rites with two burials from the Gagra burial ground (Abkhazia), dated to the 9th century BC. The absence of iron objects in these burials, along with the similarity of the burial material to the early group of the reference foothill burial Fars/Klady, suggests a tentative dating from the 9th to the first half of the 8th century BC. However, a key difference between the newly discovered site and the Fars/Klady burial ground is the lack of weapons and bridles in the male burials. Additionally, horse bones have not yet been found at this site.
PEOPLES OF THE EAST CAUCASUS AND ALEXANDER THE GREAT: INTERSECTIONS OF HISTORY, MYTHOLOGY, AND FAITH
Authors: Alikberov Alikber K.
Published: December 2024

The article explores the intriguing interplay of historical narratives, mythology, and religion in the Eastern Caucasus, with a focus on Alexander the Great (356–323 BC) and the East Caucasian (Nakh-Dagestani) peoples, including the Albanians, Legae, Caspians and others. The study employs a novel multidimensional approach to historical analysis, incorporating the established methodology of histoire croisée, cross-analysis, and an original method of system-logical verification. The earliest historical references to the Caucasian Albanians, dating to the 4th century BC, are exclusively found within the context of Alexander the Great’s conquests. Equally significant are the historical narratives connecting Alexander to the Caspian Gates, the Caspian people, and the “Wall of Iskandar.” The impact of Alexander’s exploits is also evident in mythology, Islamic tradition, and local historiography. The study’s primary findings relate not only to various historical reconstructions but also to an analysis of the remarkable attention given by prominent Eastern Caucasian authors to interpretations of the Quranic story of Dhu al-Qarnayn, the righteous man. The author concludes that the profound interest of Nizami Ganjavi, Abbas-Kuli Bakikhanov, and Hasan Alqadari in events interweaving historical fact with mythological narratives from both Christian and Islamic eschatology is no coincidence. Ancient sources further complicate this narrative by classifying the Albanians, Legae, and Caspians among the indigenous peoples of the Eastern Caucasus, with apparent connections to Caucasian Albania (Aluan/Arran). The discussion of these issues sheds light on the early period of Caucasian history, particularly that of the Nakh-Dagestani peoples, providing vague hints on their probable settlement areas nearly a millennium before the Great Migration Period.