bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxidative coupling strategies for the synthesis of indole alkaloids
Authors: Nagaraju Karre , Ma Dawei
Published: September 2018

Direct functionalization of indole through oxidative coupling reactions with enolates or phenols provides a powerful tool for assembling indole alkaloids.
Functional biodegradable polymers via ring-opening polymerization of monomers without protective groups
Authors: Becker Greta , Wurm Frederik R.
Published: September 2018

Functional polymers are reviewed which are accessible by the polymerization of reactive monomers. Their synthesis, polymerization, and post-polymerization modification are discussed.
Mesocrystals for photocatalysis: a comprehensive review on synthesis engineering and functional modifications
Authors: Sun Shaodong , Yu Xiaojing , Yang Qing , Yang Zhimao , Liang Shuhua
Published: September 2018

In this review, we mainly summarize the important progresses made in the development of photocatalysis-oriented mesocrystals, including synthesis engineering, functional modifications (hybridization and doping), and typical structure-related photocatalytic mechanisms. Some urgent issues and perspectives have also been discussed.
Correction: Facile synthesis of silver nanowire-zeolitic imidazolate framework 67 composites as high-performance bifunctional oxygen catalysts
Authors: Zhao Mingming , Zhao Qunxing , Li Qing , Wang Yuyin , Pang Huan
Published: September 2018

Correction for ‘Facile synthesis of silver nanowire-zeolitic imidazolate framework 67 composites as high-performance bifunctional oxygen catalysts’ by Yuyin Wang et al., Nanoscale, 2018, 10, 15755–15762.
Copper-catalyzed direct trifluoromethylthiolation of indoles by tert-butyl 2-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)hydrazine-1-carboxylate
Authors: Lu Kui , Li Quan , Xi Xiaolan , Huang Yuna , Gong Zhi , Yu Peng , Zhao Xia
Published: September 2018

A novel copper-catalyzed direct trifluoromethylthiolation of indoles and other electron-rich aromatics using tert-butyl 2-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)hydrazine-1-carboxylate as the SCF3 source was developed.
Probiotics combined with aminosalicylic acid affiliates remission of ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial
Authors: Peng Lijun , Zhong Yan , Wang Aiping , Jiang Zhisheng
Published: September 2018

We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of probiotic combined with aminosalicylic on induction remission maintenance treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). We conducted systematic searches in several Chinese and English databases from inception to June 2018, screening randomized controlled trials about effect of probiotics combined with aminosalicylic acid on UC. The evaluation indicator was the rate of remission. The relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. A total of 27 studies with 1942 patients were included. The results indicated that the remission rate was significantly higher in the group using probiotics combined with aminosalicylic acid than that in the group using aminosalicylic acid alone (RR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.27–1.53, P=0.000). The subgroup analysis indicated that probiotics combined with aminosalicylic acid can significantly elevate the remission rate in both mild to moderate (RR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.16–1.54, P=0.000) and active stage (RR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.27–1.64, P=0.000) UC. In different number of bacterium, drug types and treatment periods, the combination with probiotics can significantly increase the remission rate UC. The funnel plot shows slight publication bias. Probiotics in conjunction with aminosalicylic can obviously increase the clinical remission rate of activity UC than drug alone. There was no significant difference between combined with mesalazine group and salicylazosulfapyridine group.
New flatness‐based control of a high‐voltage generator for medical X‐ray applications
Authors: Barth Tobias , Weber Jens , Woywode Oliver , Bernet Steffen
Published: September 2018

This study presents a new flatness‐based control scheme for the quantum series–parallel LCC‐type resonant converter with output voltage doubler for high‐voltage pulse applications, like medical X‐ray imaging. Based on a previously derived continuous time model of the system, a flat output of the system model is shown. Moreover, an optimised trajectory planning algorithm with limited resonant current and the controller design are addressed. Details on the experimental set‐up and the real‐time controller implementation on an FPGA are given. Measurement results show the accuracy of the presented control method.
The ascension and intrusion processes of salt water into aquifers along the tectonic discontinuities in the Żarnowieckie Lake area
Authors: Damrat Mateusz , Warumzer Rafał
Published: September 2018

In this article, the authors want to pay attention to the intensity of the phenomenon of ascension of salt water from the Permo-Mesozoic formation in the geological structures of the Dębki - Żarnowiec trough. This is a unique area in Poland. The sediments (up to 320 m in thickness) of the deep Pleistocene trough, cross the Tertiary, Cretaceous and Jurassic deposits, and reach the Triassic layers in the deepest place. An additional aspect is the unquestionable presence of older structures and tectonic loosening, which conditioned the formation of such a large erosion structure. Younger tectonic (neotectonic) activity, both large-scale and resulting from isostatic movements, certainly uses the existing fault network, which in combination with the deeper layer of relatively well-permeable Pleistocene sediments is a system extremely conducive to ascension brines.
Tectonically conditioned brine leakage into usable freshwater aquifers – implications for the quality of groundwater exploited in central Poland
Authors: Kaczor-Kurzawa Dorota
Published: September 2018

Brine leakage areas, which are identical with zones of chloride ion content anomalies (Cl– >60 mg/dm3) in usable aquifers, were mapped and examined on the basis of chemical and isotopic analyses. These zones are predominantly developed in tectonic conditions enabling the inflow of Mesozoic saline waters and brines into freshwater aquifers: 1) fault zones, 2) hydrogeological windows above salt anticlines and elevated tectonic blocks, 3) salt diapirs. The natural process of brine migration has been accelerated in some areas due to groundwater exploitation. Consequently, the decline of groundwater quality on many intakes has been reported, which is a result of the elevated content of chloride, Natrium and Ammonium ions.
Monitoring the groundwater quality/quantity from your desktop – application to salt water intrusion monitoring EMI: Environmental data Management Interface
Authors: Neyens D. , Baïsset M. , Lovighi H.
Published: September 2018

More and more data of groundwater quantity and quality is acquired and exists. The means to collect it (GPRS, Radio, IoT…) have been developed during the last years. Storing this data is not a problem. But, having a mean to have all the different data gathered in the same platform with the possibility to display and analyse them in a simple and rapid way doesn’t exist enough. A web application has been developed to answer this problem. This application enables to store all type of groundwater data (water table elevation, groundwater quality, borehole information, water extraction data…) in order to display it. The organisation of this application allows displaying all the data by site. Several tools to analyse the data are included (calculation of hydrogeological parameters, statistics, interpolation) allowing a first data interpretation, in particular for salt water intrusion issues. This web application was born from collaboration between IT experts and environmental engineers.
Deep geoelectrical investigation to bound a coastal thermal outflow area
Authors: Rizzo Enzo , Zuffianò L.E. , Santaloia F. , Polemio M.
Published: September 2018

The coastal carbonate Apulian aquifers, located in southern Italy, feed several coastal fresh springs and constitute the main local source of high quality water. The Santa Cesarea Terme cave system is almost unique case of hypogenic coastal spring caves, located along the Adriatic Sea coastline and hosting spring coastal outflow of mixed groundwater (from 22°C to 33°C) mainly of thermal groundwater due to infiltration offshore, in the sea bottom, and pure fresh groundwater due rainfall infiltration.

Thermal springs and the outflow system are strictly controlled by both the discontinuity network and the karst processes involving the foreland environment. Detailed geoelectrical prospecting were carried out to bound the upflow continental area of this system, considering the geoelectrical effects of deep water mixing with different salinity and temperature close the Adriatic coast.
MANTRA-O18: An Extended Version of SUTRA Modified to Simulate Salt and δ18O Transport amid Water Uptake by Plants
Authors: Teh Su Yean , De Angelis Donald L. , Voss Clifford I. , Sternberg Leonel , Koh Hock Lye
Published: September 2018

Sea level rise and the increasing landward intrusion of storm surges pose the threat of replacement of salinity-intolerant vegetation of important coastal habitats by salinity-tolerant vegetation. Therefore, a means is needed to better understand the processes that influence this vegetation shift and to aid in the management of coastal resources. For this purpose, a hydrology–salinity–vegetation model known as MANTRA was developed by coupling a spatially explicit model (MANHAM) for simulation of vegetation community dynamics along coastal salinity gradients with SUTRA, a USGS groundwater flow and transport model. MANTRA has been used to project possible future changes in Coot Bay Hammock in southern Florida under conditions of gradually rising sea level and storm surges. The simulation study concluded that feasibility exists of a regime shift from hardwood hammocks to mangroves subject to a few conditions, namely severe damage to the existing hammock after a storm surge and a sufficiently persistent high salinity condition and high input of mangrove seedlings. Early detection of salinity stress in vegetation may facilitate sustainable conservation measures being applied. It has been shown that the δ18O value of water in the xylem of trees can be used as a surrogate for salinity in the rooting zone of plants, which is difficult to measure directly. Hence, the model MANTRA is revised into MANTRA-O18 by including the δ18O of the tree xylem dynamics. A simulation study by MANTRA-O18 shows that effects of increasing salinization can be detected many years before the salinity-intolerant trees are threatened with replacement.
Groundwater salinity mapping of the Belgian coastal zone to improve local freshwater storage availability
Authors: Vandevelde Dieter , van Baaren Esther , Delsman Joost , Karaoulis Marios , Oude Essink Gualbert , de Louw Perry , Vermaas Tommer , Pauw Pieter , de Kleine Marco , Thofte Sara , Teilmann Rasmus , Walraevens Kristine , Van Camp Marc , Dominique Huits , Dabekaussen Willem , Gunnink Jan , Vandenbohede Alexander
Published: September 2018

In the European TOPSOIL project, countries around the North Sea are searching for solutions for climate related threats. They explore the possibilities of using the topsoil layer to solve current and future water challenges. The main objective is to improve the climate resilience of the water management of the topsoil and shallow aquifers in the North Sea region. TOPSOIL is supported by the Interreg VB North Sea Region program in line with priority 3 of the program: ‘Sustainable North Sea Region, protecting against climate change and preserving the environment’.

The Belgian part of this project, called FRESHEM for GO-FRESH Vlaanderen (‘FREsh Salt groundwater distribution by Helicopter ElectroMagnetic survey for Geohydrological Opportunities FRESH water supply’), focuses on mapping the salinity distribution of groundwater using airborne electromagnetics and aims to look into a number of measures that could increase the availability of freshwater for agriculture in the polder area. Two pilot projects will evaluate the possibilities for freshwater storage and aims to specify what measures can be taken to achieve this. Together with the other water users and water managers, The Flanders Environment Agency wants to prepare a plan for the realization of one or more pilot projects that can improve the availability of freshwater.
Saltwater intrusion under climate change in North-Western Germany - mapping, modelling and management approaches in the projects TOPSOIL and go-CAM
Authors: Wiederhold Helga , Scheer Wolfgang , Kirsch Reinhard , Azizur Rahman M. , Ronczka Mathias
Published: September 2018

Climate change will result in rising sea level and, at least for the North Sea region, in rising groundwater table. This leads to a new balance at the fresh–saline groundwater boundary and a new distribution of saltwater intrusions with strong regional differentiations. These effects are investigated in several research projects funded by the European Union and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). Objectives and some results from the projects TOPSOIL and go-CAM are presented in this poster.
Neutron imaging and tomography: Applications in food science
Authors: Loupiac Camille , Scussat Simone , Hélary Arnaud , Desert Sylvain , Ott Frédéric
Published: September 2018

Neutron imaging and tomography allow observing the structure of large objects (from few to hundred centimeters) at a resolution around 100 μm. This nondestructive method is based on the detection of the transmission of a neutron beam through an object in 2D (imaging) or 3D after rotating the sample (tomography). The components of the object attenuate the neutron beam differently, depending on their composition, and produce accurate pictures of objects which give information about their structure. Neutron imaging has been used for quality control purposes in industries (aircraft, motor engineering...), but also find application from materials sciences (fuel cells, lithium batteries) through earth science (petrology, geology) to cultural heritage. More recently studies have been performed on food science topics.
Grazing incidence scattering
Authors: Wolff Max
Published: September 2018

Reflectometry experiments probe the scattering length density along the normal of interfaces by analysing the specularly scattered intensity. Lateral fluctuations result in intensity scattered away from the specular condition. In this paper the principles and peculiarities of grazing incidence scattering experiments are explained. One specific example, the self assembly of polymer micelles close to interfaces, is taken as a show case in order to introduce the scattering geometry and accessible length scales. The basic idea of the distorted wave Born approximation is lined out and some scientific examples are summarized.
An Evolutionary Algorithm Approach to Modelling of Tsunami Wave Force
Authors: Meyyappan PL , Sivapragasam C , Sekar T
Published: September 2018

Estimation of design load for tsunami resistant structures is important. Though standard codes such as FEMA exist and are widely used, this study recommends that it is preferable to conduct model studies as per the need to estimate the expected force. The distribution of force can significantly change based on the type and shape of the structure as well any other internal or external arrangements made for its protection. In this study, the specific case of a building without stilt column and provided with barriers as external protection measures is considered. It is demonstrated that Genetic Programming (GP) is a potential modelling technique to model the data/information obtained from force sensors fitted at different levels. For each type of dwelling units, similar independent model studies are recommended to be carried out.
XBeach Process-Based Modelling of Coastal Morphological Features Near Breakwater
Authors: Razak Mohd Shahrizal Ab , Nor Nur Arriffah Zaimah Mohd
Published: September 2018

An effective role of a detached breakwater as a coastal protection structure leads to morphological evolutions of tombolo. This paper presents the application of process based model of XBeach to investigate the morphological tombolo evolution using the model domain from the previous case study. Sensitivity analysis with optimum model parameters such as facua 0.1, Chezy coefficient 60, directional energy distribution, dtheta 10 and morfac 100 is conducted and the model results are compared to the empirical models. At 50 and 75 days simulation time, XBeach model results for breakwater at distance 120 m, 150 m, 200 m and 300 m offshore forms tombolo and salient at a distance of 500 m from the shoreline. Numerical investigation of tombolo through XBeach model has given us an understanding on the morphological effects of breakwater offshore distance towards evolution of coastal features like tombolo and salient.
Single Slope Shore Protection as a Wave Energy Catcher
Authors: Thaha Muhammad Arsyad , Mukhsan P H , Subhan A.M. , Ildha Dwipuspita A.
Published: September 2018

Wave energy is being increasingly regarded in many countries as a major, promising and renewable resource. This paper presents the development of slope coastal protection as a wave energy converter by capturing sea water into the reservoir through overtopping process. Physical models simulation were conducted at The Laboratory of Coastal Engineering, Hasanuddin University. A model of 30 cm x 90 cm in the 30° degree of slope made from acrylic material equipped with a reservoir at the top surface of the structures to catch seawater through run up and overtopping. Models were simulated with various wave high and periods as well as high of freeboard. The results showed that the overtopping discharge (Q) much influenced by relative freeboard height (Fb/d), wave steepness (Hi/L), reflected waves (Kr) and the number of standing waves (Nsw). The increasing Fb, the decreasing Q; the increasing wave steepness, the increasing overtopping discharge. It was found that the larger the reflection coefficient, the greater the discharge overtopping. Standing waves in front of the structure due to the superposition of the incident wave and reflection waves also contribute to enlarge the overtopping discharge.
A Parametric Study on the Innovative Coupling Arm Connecting the Coupled TAD-TLP
Authors: Liu Xiangbo , Magee Allan Ross , Merchant Aziz , Hussain Anis , Choudhary Ankit , Jain Amit , Francis Bernad A.P
Published: September 2018

Two body marine systems, like a Tender Assisted Drilling (TAD) vessel coupled with a floating Dry-Tree Unit (DTU), have become very common in offshore operations. One of the unavoidable challenge we have to cope with is the connection between the TAD and DTU should make sure the TAD does not drift away from the platform and also avoid the possible collision in case of a harsher environment. The objective of this study is to understand the hydrodynamic interactions between the two coupled floating bodies and improve the devising of the innovative connection system. In this study, an innovative rigid connection system, the coupling arm is applied to connect the TAD and a DTU, in this case, a Tension Leg Platform (TLP). The whole system is modelled by the commercial software HARP. A comprehensive parametric study on the pretension and the nominal length of the coupling arm is carried out. The hydrodynamic analysis of the coupled TAD-TLP system elucidates the interactions between the two bodies. The chosen combination of the coupling arm pretension and the nominal length will determine the required stroke range and maximum forces needed to design the innovative coupling arm for safe operations.
Establishment of Shoreline Buffer Zone through Rehabilitation of Degraded Coastal Mangroves
Authors: Sulaiman Raja Barizan Raja , Mohidin Farah Shahanim Mohamed
Published: September 2018

After the 2004 tragic tsunami that struck the western coastlines of Peninsular Malaysia and several Asian countries, which claimed thousands of lives and inflicted substantial damage to properties and economy of affected areas, the Malaysian government established a task force namely “Special National Task Force on Planting of Mangrove and Other Suitable Species in Coastal Areas”. The main role of the task force was to identify coastal areas for restoration, conservation, protection and promotion of research related to planting of mangrove species. One of the Technical Committee is on Research and Development (RDTC) led by The Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) and was given the task to carry out research and development related to mangrove forest rehabilitation as well as the conservation at the areas that have high risk of coastal erosion. The seaward mangrove plot of 200 m × 40 m, was established at the beach of Sungai Haji Dorani, Selangor, Kuala Bernam Forest Reserved in December 2007. The objective of the study was to demonstrate that the new established seaward mangrove supports the effort in preserving the shoreline and act as natural protection zones in reducing the effects of natural disaster and soil erosion. The finding of the study has shown that after five years, the seaward mangroves successfully executed as a natural buffer and subsequently improved biodiversity of Kuala Bernam mangrove Forest Reserved at Sungai Haji Dorani.
Delays and Cost Overruns Causes During Construction of Palm Oil Refinery Projects
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad Sani , Alaloul Wesam S , Liew Mohd Shahir , Mohammed Bashar S
Published: September 2018

Delays and cost overruns are obviously common problems in the construction industry in several developed and developing nations. The purpose of this study is to identify factors cause delays and cost overruns in the construction of palm oil refinery projects in Malaysia. A questionnaire survey of a randomly selected sample was filled by 89 respondents. The questionnaire included 179 factors which classified into 13 groups. The degree of importance of the delays and cost overrun factors were evaluated and ranked by importance degree, based on the viewpoints of stakeholders. The data was analytically investigated by descriptive statistic methods and Relative Important Index (RII). The results of RII showed that Delays in subcontractor’s work, Lack of subcontractor skill, and Poor/inadequate planning and scheduling with RII 0.78, 0.77, and 0.75, respectively, are the most important causes. These causes represent the baseline margin for project management of palm oil refinery construction and development. According to these results, it is suggested that: project client should collaborate with contractors and simplify payments procedures to mitigate delays; coordinate continuously and enhance the association among project stakeholders are obligatory in order to improve the project performance.
Investigation on the Influence of Type of Steel Fibers on Shear Failure of HPFRCC Beams
Authors: Nikbakht Ehsan , Gaspar Hugo Aureliano da Costa , Jaradah Rakan Mousa , Sutanto Muslich Hartadi
Published: September 2018

This paper investigates the influence of different types of steel fiber on the mechanical properties of High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite (HPFRCC) as well as the shear failure mode of steel reinforced HPFRCC beams. Moreover, the influence of parameters such as span to effective depths (a/d) ratio of beams and longitudinal reinforcement ratio on shear strength of HPFRCC beams are examined. In reference to the results, despite the same tensile strength of both straight and hooked fibers utilized, the performance of straight steel fiber is superior to the hooked steel fiber due to its physiognomies. However, the beam specimens with straight steel fiber exhibit considerably lower deflection and ultimate load capacity when subjected to shear load. Also, the results show that the influence of type of steel fiber is more significant than the influence of longitudinal reinforcement ratio, i.e. the beam specimen with hooked steel fiber and 0.94% reinforcement ratio displayed higher deflection and ultimate shear load capacity compared to the specimen with straight steel fiber and 1.88% longitudinal reinforcement ratio.
Response of Streamflow to Climate Changes within a Mountainous Catchment
Authors: Ping Fan , Liu Qiang
Published: September 2018

Climate changes combined with alteration in landuse, alter the hydrological processes and has increased flood risk in urban area. A better understanding of how the climate alter streamflow in the catchment of city surrounding area would help to reduce urban flood risk. In the present study, we assessed the response of streamflow to climate changes in a mountainous catchment of city surrounding area, Dashi River catchment, China. The Distributed Hydrology-Soil-Vegetation Model (DHSVM) was used to simulate the streamflow in different scenarios of climate and landuse changes. Results showed that: (i) DHSVM showed suitable performance in terms of calibration and validation periods; and (ii) Streamflow increased/decreased with increasing/decreasing precipitation, while decreased with increasing air temperature. And the increases or decreases in precipitation can directly lead to the significant corresponding directional changes in the streamflow, especially in summer season. The results would help to understand streamflow response to changes in climate and landuse, and help to reduce the flood risk in the urban regions.
Integrating information technology into Indonesian EFL curriculum
Authors: Dewi Wahyu Mustikasari Roro , Norwanto Norwanto
Published: September 2018

Technology-assisted language learning needs to be integrated in curriculum. There are several studies on the usage of technology can be used to improve students’ language skills. However, there is significant gap on how to integrate technology into EFL curriculum. This current study focused on how the heads of English Education Department manage the integration of technology into the curriculum, what the steps taken by them to make the integration of technology reliable to be applied into the classroom are, and how the students’ attitudes toward the technology integration are. Moreover, it was a descriptive qualitative study using interview to collect the data. The findings showed that (1) the heads of the departments got positive support from institutional policy to integrate technology in their curriculum; (2) there were various steps taken to promote this technology integration; and (3) several students’ attitudes can be performed when they joined classes applying technology. It can be concluded that students preferred a blended learning model.
The Use of Ipad in Learning Islamic Religion Education at the Eighth Graders of Sabilurrasyad Junior High School, Bojong Ngampel Kendal
Authors: Muzdalifah  , Wahyuningsih Sri , Mashuri Muhammad
Published: September 2018

This study aims at finding the use of Ipad in learning Islamic Religion Education at the eighth graders of Sabilurrasyad Junior High school, Bojong Ngampel Kendal.This study used a qualitative research method. Data were gathered through an observation, indepth-interview and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the use of Media of Ipad Learning in Islamic Religion Education Class at the eighth graders of Sabilurrasyad Junior High School, Bojong Ngampel Kendal is considered effective. Furthermore, the average value of Islamic religion education after the implementation of Ipad media is higher that is 85.67 compared to the previous one 81.14. The supporting factors of the Ipad media are the internet network provided by the school, training from the Information Technology Development Agency, Ipad interestingly attracts students’ attention and motivation, iPad can present material in audio visual form. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors of using ipad are limited battery power or usage, unstable internet network, students’ lack of knowledge in using ipad, and there is no filter to block inappropriate sites.
Analysis of parent’s discriminant partnership in the success of implementation of good school governance
Authors: Elyana Luluk , Utanto Yuli , Widhanarto Ghanis Putra , Maretta Yoris Adi
Published: September 2018

Early childhood education is a strong foundation in the effort to prepare young people to face academic competition at the next level. The purpose of this study is to analyze the discriminant factors of parental partnership which are the determining factors for the implementation of good school governance. The research method is quantitative with a survey approach through a questionnaire given to respondents to reveal the influence of parental partnership on good school governance. The results showed that the higher parental involvement, the greater the success factor of good school governance. This research is useful as a guide in making decisions about model selection and analysis of factors related to parental partnership in early childhood education.
The Roles of IL-10 Gene Polymorphisms in Diabetes Mellitus and Their Associated Complications: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shu Yi , Chen Youping , Luo Haizhao , Li Huixian , Tang Jielong , Liang Yunyi , Liang Weiqiang
Published: September 2018

The roles of interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene polymorphisms in diabetes mellitus (DM) have been intensively analyzed earlier, but the results of these studies were conflicting. Hence, we performed this study to better assess the relationship between IL-10 genetic variations and DM. Eligible studies were searched in PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess correlations between IL-10 polymorphisms and DM. A total of 32 studies were finally included in our analyses. Significant associations with the risk of DM were detected for the rs1800871, rs1800872, and rs1800896 polymorphisms. As for complications in DM, significant association with the risk of diabetic nephropathy (DN) was detected for the rs1800871 polymorphism. In addition, we also found that the rs1800896 polymorphism was significantly associated with the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Further stratified analyses on the basis of type of disease demonstrated that the positive results were predominantly driven by the T2DM subgroup. When we stratified data based on ethnicity of participants, we found that the rs1800871 polymorphism was significantly correlated with DM in Caucasians, the rs1800872 polymorphism was significantly correlated with DM in Asians, and the rs1800896 polymorphism was significantly correlated with DM in both Caucasians and Asians. Our findings indicate that rs1800871, rs1800872, and rs1800896 polymorphisms may serve as genetic biomarkers of DM. Moreover, the rs1800871 and rs1800896 polymorphisms may also contribute to the development of complications in DM.
Effects of Parathyroidectomy on Plasma iPTH and (1–84) PTH Levels in Patients with Stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Huimin Chen , Ying Cui , Changying Xing , Xiaoming Zha , Yan Zhang , Qingting Wang , Haoyang Ma , Lina Zhang , Ming Zeng , Guang Yang , Xiaolin Lv , Purrunsing Yogendranath , Ningning Wang
Published: September 2018

Currently, the second-generation intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) assay is commonly used for measuring PTH levels. The iPTH assay detects both full-length (1–84)PTH and (7–84)PTH fragments, which have antagonistic effects on (1–84)PTH in bones and kidneys. The third-generation PTH assay is specific for (1–84)PTH. This study examined the features of different PTH fragments in stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the effects of parathyroidectomy (PTX) on the above markers in severe secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) patients. The cross-sectional study included 262 stage 5 CKD patients and 90 controls. A prospective follow-up study was then conducted in 34 PTX patients. Second- and third-generation assays were used to measure plasma iPTH and (1–84)PTH levels, respectively. Circulating (7–84)PTH levels were calculated by subtracting the (1–84)PTH value from the iPTH value. Different plasma PTH fragments were higher, and (1–84)PTH/iPTH was lower in CKD patients than in controls. Plasma (1–84)PTH and (7–84)PTH concentrations increased as iPTH levels increased, and (7–84)PTH increased more evidently. Plasma iPTH, (1–84)PTH and (7–84)PTH levels were 1530.5 (885.0–2111.5) pg/ml, 683.1 (431.4–1018.0) pg/ml, and 739.3 (452.6–1261.0) pg/ml, respectively, in PTX patients. Plasma iPTH, (1–84)PTH and (7–84)PTH concentrations decreased considerably, and the (1–84)PTH/iPTH ratio increased after PTX (median follow-up interval: 10.9 months). Stage 5 CKD patients had higher plasma levels of different PTH fragments, and lower (1–84)PTH/iPTH ratio. PTX could significantly reverse these abnormalities in severe SHPT patients. The iPTH assay overestimated the function of the parathyroid glands; thus, the third-generation PTH assay is likely better for the management of CKD patients.
Memantine in der Mono- und Kombinationstherapie der Alzheimer-Demenz: Evidenz und Wirksamkeit
Authors: Schmidtke K.
Published: September 2018

Eine kausale Therapie der Alzheimer-Demenz (AD) existiert bisher nicht. Memantine, ein Modulator der glutamatergen Neurotransmission, und die drei Cholinesterasehemmer (ChEH) zeigen eine mäßige, jedoch mit hohem Evidenzgrad unterlegte Wirkung. Ziel der symptomatischen antidementiven Therapie ist eine Besserung und Stabilisierung der Kern- und Begleitsymptome der AD, d.h. Kognition, alltagspraktische Fähigkeiten, Gesamtzustand, psychiatrische Begleitsymptomatik und Pflegeaufwand. Die zugelassenen Einsatzbereiche von ChEH und Memantine umfassen alle Schweregrade der AD und überlappen sich im mittleren Stadium. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt die Evidenz für Memantine als Monotherapeutikum und seine additive Wirkung in der Kombinationstherapie mit ChEH dar.
Modelle für eine zukunftsfähige psychiatrische Versorgung
Authors: Wilms B. , Becker T. , Lambert M. , Deister A.
Published: September 2018

Die Psychiatrische Versorgungslandschaft steht vor großen Herausforderungen: einerseits steigt die Inanspruchnahme psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutischer Leistungen, andererseits wird auf diesem Hintergrund eine teilweise schon reale und zum Teil noch erwartete Ressour-cenverknappung deutlich. Seit Jahren gibt es Bestrebungen, die Ausgabensteigerung zu begrenzen. Ebenfalls seit Jahren zeigt sich ein Mangel an qualifizierten Mitarbeitern, der in der Berufsgruppe der Ärzte vielfach schon spürbar ist, in der Pflege für die nahe Zukunft prognostiziert wird. Hinzu kommt der vielbeschriebene demografische Wandel, der neben einer Zunahme von älteren Nutzern auch mit einer Zunahme an alternden Helfern einhergehen wird. Aufbauend auf diesen Herausforderungen beschreibt der Beitrag die Aspekte, die für ein zukunftsfähiges psychiatrisches Versorgungssystem aus Sicht der Autoren zu bedenken sind und wendet sich dann bestehenden Versorgungsmodellen zu, die als Antwortversuche auf diese Fragestellungen verstanden werden können. Zum Abschluss werden die sich daraus entwickelnden Zukunftsperspektiven umrissen und ein Ausblick auf eine gesundheitsfördernde psychiatrische Versorgungslandschaft gegeben.
Estimates of global spending and financing of mental health
Authors: Scheffler R. M.
Published: September 2018

This paper illustrates the wide variation in the spending and financing of mental health services around the globe. As would be expected, mental health spending in high-income countries is a larger percent of overall health care spending, which in the United States, United Kingdom, and France is about 10% of health care spending, compared to countries such as Japan, Portugal, the Czech Republic, and Hungary, where the spending is around 6%. In OECD countries, mental health spending is approximately 7.4% of total health care spending. Our analysis of the relationship between per capita spending on mental health and per capita income shows that the elasticity of mental health spending is 0.49, suggesting that a 10% change in per capita income produces a 4.9% increase in mental health spending per capita. In LMIC, we found that the spending levels for mental health was approximately 1–2% of the total health care budget. The dominant payer for mental health services throughout the globe still appears to be that of the government sector. The case studies that we present in Korea, Spain, and Ghana show dramatically different approaches to the financing and spending of mental health.
Gute Zeiten - schlechte Zeiten: veränderte Rahmenbedingungen für die Entwicklung von neuen Medikamenten für die Psychiatrie
Authors: Szegedi A.
Published: September 2018

Die Medikamentenentwicklung in der Psychiatrie hat kürzlich eine Paradigmenkrise durchlaufen, deren Ursache an verschiedenen allgemeinen Entwicklungen und spezifischen Faktoren im psychiatrischen Fachgebiet liegt. Unter die allgemeinen Entwicklungen fallen deutlich gestiegene Kosten bei der Medikamentenentwicklung und die zunehmende Komplexität bei der Durchführung klinischer Studien, wohingegen sich die Produktivität der Medikamentenentwicklung insgesamt nicht erhöht hat. Die Anforderungen an neue Medikamente der Zulassungsbehörden wie auch der Kostenträger im Gesundheitswesen haben sich generell erhöht. Diese Faktoren zwingen die pharmazeutische Industrie, ihre Ressourcen auf die erfolgversprechendsten Gebiete zu fokussieren. Die spezifischen Probleme der Psychiatrie beinhalten fehlendes detailliertes Wissen zur Pathophysiologie vieler psychiatrischer Störungen, unzureichende prädiktive Tiermodelle, fehlende valide Biomarker, steigende Placeboresponse sowie die grundlegende Problematik der neurobiologisch heterogenen Diagnosen. Aus diesem Grund haben viele forschende Unternehmen bei der Entwicklung neuer Medikamente für die Psychiatrie ihre Prioritäten überdacht. Im Fokus des Artikels stehen Fragen zu Schwächen und potenziellen Risiken im Rahmen psychiatrischer Phase-1- und -2-Studien. Im Lichte dieser jüngsten Entwicklungen werden die spezifischen Probleme für Patienten und Therapeuten aus langfristiger Perspektive diskutiert.
Effect of atomic order/disorder on Cr segregation in Ni-Fe alloys
Authors: Arora Gaurav , Rawat Kanishk D. , Aidhy Dilpuneet S.
Published: September 2018

Recent irradiation experiments on concentrated random solid solution alloys (CSAs) show that some CSAs can undergo disorder-to-order transition, i.e., the atoms that are initially randomly distributed on a face centered cubic crystal lattice undergo ordering (e.g., L10 or L12) due to irradiation. In this work, we elucidate that the atomic structure could affect the segregation properties of grain boundaries. While working on Ni and Ni-Fe alloys, from static atomistic simulations on 138 grain boundaries, we show that despite identical alloy composition, Cr segregation is higher in the disordered structures compared to ordered structures in both Ni0.50Fe0.50 and Ni0.75Fe0.25 systems. We also show that grain boundary (GB) energy could act as a descriptor for impurity segregation. We illustrate that there is a direct correlation between Cr segregation and grain boundary energy, i.e., segregation increases with the increase in the GB energy. Such correlation is observed in pure Ni and in the Ni-Fe alloys studied in this work.
Analytical and numerical simulation of electron beam induced current profiles in p-n junctions
Authors: Moore James E. , Affouda Chaffra A. , Maximenko Sergey I. , Jenkins Phillip
Published: September 2018

The electron beam induced current (EBIC) mode of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a widely used technique for the quantitative assessment of minority carrier diffusion length and surface recombination. Point source (one-dimensional) and extended source (two-dimensional) analytical models are two widely used approaches to assess this information in geometry where the electron beam (e-beam) is parallel to the p-n junction. In this article, a two-dimensional (2D) analytical model is evaluated and compared with 2D finite element numerical simulations, where the electron beam-solid interaction is modeled using a Monte Carlo simulation coupled with a drift-diffusion solver. The simulations are computed for both low and high level injection conditions. The effect of an e-beam injection level on the shape of EBIC profiles is analyzed to evaluate limitations of the analytical models.
Tunable ideal strength of ZrSe2 monolayer by charge doping
Authors: Li Shujing , Wang Xiaohui , Zheng Fawei , Zhang Ping
Published: September 2018

Based on first-principles calculations, we investigated the effect of charge doping on the stability of ZrSe2 monolayer under external biaxial tensile strain. The phonon dispersions are obtained and show that both electron and hole dopings can suppress the soft phonon modes under tensile strain. With the carrier concentration increasing, the ideal strength of ZrSe2 monolayer increases significantly at first, and then reaches a maximum value. The maximum ideal strengths of ZrSe2 under hole and electron dopings are larger than that of neutral monolayer by 79% and 56%, respectively.
New world record magnetic field achieved
Authors: Larter Raima
Published: September 2018

Using electromagnetic flux-compression helps generate the largest indoor magnetic field on record. This may have implications for the development of sustained nuclear fusion technology.
Findings point to new ways for using acai berry waste as fuel
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: September 2018

Composition and thermogravimetric analysis help discover wide variety in acai berry waste, leading to recommendations for how to better use the plant for fuel.
Replacement of lucerne by Enterolobium cyclocarpum leaves in the diet of growing goats
Authors: Ortiz-Rodea A. , González-Ronquillo M. , López-Villalobos N. , García-Martínez A. , Rojo-Rubio R. , Avilés-Nova F. , Vázquez-Armijo José F. , Albarrán-Portillo B.
Published: September 2018

Animal production in tropical regions is commonly limited by the low crude protein content and digestibility of pastures, particularly during the dry season. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of including Enterolobium cyclocarpum leaves (ECL) (0%, 15% and 30%) in diets as a partial replacement for lucerne on dry-matter intake (DMI), weight gain and nitrogen (N) balance in growing Saanen goats (12.6 ± 3.2 kg at 3 months of age) and the digestibility of the diet. Daily weight gain, DMI and digestibility were analysed in a 3 × 3 Latin square design replicated three times. The inclusion of ECL did not affect daily weight gain or DMI (P > 0.05). There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences for N intake among the diets, but the inclusion of 30% ECL significantly (P = 0.01) increased N excreted in faeces. These results suggest that ECL can be used as a partial substitute of lucerne in diets for growing goats, without affecting animal performance.
General practitioners’ views on providing nutrition care to patients with chronic disease: a focus group study
Authors: Crowley Jennifer , Ball Lauren , McGill Anne-Thea , Buetow Stephen , Arroll Bruce , Leveritt Michael , Wall Clare
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Nutrition care refers to practices conducted by health professionals to support patients to improve their dietary intake. General practitioners (GPs) are expected to provide nutrition care to patients for prevention and management of chronic disease. AIM This study explores GPs’ opinions regarding nutrition care provision to patients with chronic disease. METHODS An interpretive descriptive approach to qualitative research using seven semi-structured focus groups with 48 GPs in Auckland was used. Focus groups investigated how GPs felt about providing nutrition care; the perceived barriers to and support required for this care; the development of further nutrition knowledge and skills; and possible roles for Practice Nurses. Recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a thematic approach. RESULTS GPs indicated routine provision of basic nutrition care to patients with chronic disease, but perceived their limited consultation time and nutrition competence constrained their capacity to provide nutrition care. GPs felt they needed further information to provide culturally, socially and economically sensitive nutrition care. GPs displayed variable opinions on the benefits of developing their nutrition knowledge and skills, and the idea of Practice Nurses providing nutrition care. CONCLUSIONS Despite perceiving that nutrition care is important for patients with chronic disease and facing barriers to providing nutrition care, GPs appear reluctant to further develop their knowledge and skills and for Practice Nurses to provide this care. Strategies to enhance GPs’ nutrition-related self-efficacy, nutrition cultural competence and attitudes towards further training care may be warranted.
Australian general practice trainees’ exposure to ophthalmic problems and implications for training: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Morgan Simon , Tapley Amanda , Henderson Kim M , Spike Neil A , McArthur Lawrie A , Stewart Rebecca , Davey Andrew R , Dunlop Anthony , van Driel Mieke L , Magin Parker J
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Eye conditions are common presentations in Australian general practice, with the potential for serious sequelae. Pre-vocational ophthalmology training for General Practitioner (GP) trainees is limited. AIM To describe the rate, nature and associations of ophthalmic problems managed by Australian GP trainees, and derive implications for education and training. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis from an ongoing cohort study of GP trainees’ clinical consultations. Trainees recorded demographic, clinical and educational details of consecutive patient consultations. Descriptive analyses report trainee, patient and practice demographics. Proportions of all problems managed in these consultations that were ophthalmology-related were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Associations were tested using simple logistic regression within the generalised estimating equations (GEE) framework. RESULTS In total, 884 trainees returned data on 184,476 individual problems or diagnoses from 118,541 encounters. There were 2649 ophthalmology-related problems, equating to 1.4% (95% CI: 1.38–1.49) of all problems managed. The most common eye presentations were conjunctivitis (32.5% of total problems), eyelid problems (14.9%), foreign body (5.3%) and dry eye (4.7%). Statistically significant associations were male trainee; male patient and patient aged 14 years or under; the problem being new and the patient being new to both trainee and practice; urban and of higher socioeconomic status practice location; the practice nurse not being involved; planned follow up not arranged; referral made; in-consultation information sought; and learning goals generated. DISCUSSION Trainees have comparable ophthalmology exposure to established GPs. However, associations with referral and information-seeking suggest GP trainees find ophthalmic problems challenging, reinforcing the critical importance of appropriate training.