bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of mecA gene-associated methicillin-resistance coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) from bovine mastitis in Gujarat
Authors: Prajapati Bhavesh Ishwarbhai , SOLANKI K M , SINGH R D , PATEL A C , PATEL R M , KATIRA B P
Published: August 2022

Exploration of pathogenic potential of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS), in human as well as animals,gained the importance during the past two decades. Emergence of Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-NegativeStaphylococci (MRCoNS) in bovine milk poses to be a major public health concern. Presence of the mecA gene isone of the most common reasons reported for the methicillin resistant bacteria. Since the scientific data concerningthe presence of mecA gene and MRCoNS in bovine milk is very limited in India, particularly from Gujarat state,the present study was planned to detect mecA gene in 25 MRCoNS and study the antibiogram of 33 CoNS isolatedfrom 185 bovine mastitis cases between January 2018 to December 2019. Staphylococci were isolated from themilk samples of bovine mastitis with a prevalence of 38.9% (72/185), out of which 39 (54.16%) and 33 (45.83%)isolates were identified as coagulase-positive Staphylococci (CoPS) and coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS),respectively. Among the CoNS, S. xylosus was the most predominantly isolated species (9/33, 27.27%), followedby S. epidermis (6/33, 18.18%) and S. haemolyticus (4/33, 12.12%). Out of these 33 isolated CoNS, 21 (63.63%)and 25 (75.75%) were identified as MRCoNS by disc diffusion method and CHROM agar, respectively. Contraryto the likelihood, only 3 MRCoNS showed the presence of mecA gene using PCR method. Antibiogram revealedthat most of the CoNS isolates (84.85%) were multi-drug resistant emphasizing the urgent need of restricting theindiscriminate use of antimicrobial drugs in the area of study.
Validación de la escala de Comunidad de Indagación para la evaluación del Blended Learning
Authors: Medina López Julio Erick , Martínez Ruíz Héctor , Sánchez Rodríguez Luis Iván
Published: August 2022

El modelo de Comunidad de Indagación (Col), es una alternativa en el proceso de aprendizaje en línea con fundamentos teóricos constructivistas. Para que el aprendizaje en ambientes virtuales sea efectivo, se requiere la participación de una comunidad y considera tres presencias para el desarrollo de una experiencia de aprendizaje exitosa: la presencia cognitiva, la presencia social, y la presencia de enseñanza. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la validez y confiabilidad de la encuesta Comunidad de Indagación (CoI) desarrollada por J. Ben Arbaugh para evaluar el modelo CoI. Para tal efecto, se aplicó el instrumento a 144 estudiantes de licenciatura en la Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas durante el periodo 2021-3. En la solución final se identificó que los ítems se agrupan en tres factores, explicado por el 68.66% de la varianza. En el análisis de consistencia interna mediante alfa de Cronbach, las tres presencias de la escala resultaron con alta confiabilidad (presencia de la enseñanza= 0.975, presencia social=0.929 y presencia cognitiva=0.958). La escala en su conjunto resultó en alfa de Cronbach= 0.975. Los resultados indican que el instrumento es válido para evaluar la implementación del Blended Learning bajo el modelo citado.
Pengembangan strategi bersaing dalam meningkatkan mutu layanan klaim
Authors: Adam Baharudin , Wahyuni Sri
Published: August 2022

This study aims to determine alternative competitive strategies at PT. Asuransi Wahana Tata in its efforts to improve the quality of claims services. Analysis technique using SWOT, IE Matrix, and QSPM analysis. Assessment of internal and esternal factors with interview techniques. The result of the research shows that the alternative of reliable corporate strategy is WO (Weekness-Opportunity) strategy, and the main strategy is the centralization of claims service process. The suggestion of this research is the company to carefully observe and evaluate external and internal factors and apply appropriate strategies to improve the service quality of claims by overcoming the company's weaknesses on claims service while taking advantage of existing opportunities by applying the claims service centralization. For further researchers interested in researching similar or similar issues may develop this research by adding other analytical tools such as BCG matrix, SPACE matrix, and grand strategy. It can also conduct research using other quantitative approaches.

 

Keywords: Competitive Strategy, Service Quality, SWOT, IE Matrix, QSPM.
Pengaruh Komitmen Organisasi Pemerintah Desa, Kompetensi Dan Peran internal audit terhadap keandalan pelaporan keuangan pemerintah desa dikabupaten halmahera utara
Authors: Gagali Yakub Rozani , Kuntadi Cris
Published: August 2022

This study aims to examine the effect of independent variables namely village government organizational commitment, competence, and the role of internal audit on the dependent variable, namely the reliability of village government financial reporting. This study uses a quantitative approach, using primary data through questionnaires. Respondents in this study were the village head, village secretary and village treasurer in the northern halmahera district. The population used as many as 594 village government budget management employees located in 198 villages in the administrative area of ​​North Halmahera Regency, the sample used was 82 respondents. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis and data testing carried out with the help of SPSS version 24. Based on the results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that part of the commitment of village government commitment, competence, and the role of internal audit had a significant influence on the reliability of village government financial reporting. The results of simultaneous testing of village government organizational commitment, competence, and the role of internal audit have a significant influence on the reliability of village government financial reporting. The coefficient of determination shows that village government organizational commitment, competence, and the role of internal audit are 64.1%, while the remaining 35.9% are influenced by other factors outside the research model.
Analisis Pengaruh NPM, ROE DAN FIRM SIZE terhadap Nilai Perusahaan dengan GCG sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Purba Ronald M. , Prowanta Embun
Published: August 2022

The research objective was to examine the effect of Return On Equity (ROE) and Net Profit Margin (NPM and Firm Size on the company value (Price Book Value) with Good Corporate Governance (GCG) as an intermediate variable (Intervening). The research population was 77 companies based on The Indonesian Institute for Corporate Governance (IICG). One of the criteria used is the most trusted company and trusted company by The Indonesian Institute for Corporate Governance (IICG) during 2010 – 2018. Five companies meet the requirements as a sample of the total population meets the criteria. The method used is path analysis with the test equipment using Smart PLS (Partial Least Square). The test results show that ROE has a significant negative effect on GCG and ROE positively and significantly affects firm value (PBV). NPM does not affect GCG, and NPM has a negative and significant effect on PBV, while Firm size has a positive and significant effect on GCG, and Firm size has no effect on PBV. GCG has a positive and significant effect on PBV. GCG cannot mediate the effect of ROE on PBV, and GCG is not able to mediate the effect of NPM on PBV, while GCG is significantly able to mediate the effect of Firm Size on PBV.
Ujamaa and Religious Pluralism in Tanzania: What Divided-Subjectness Reveals about Christians and Muslims
Authors: Keya Antoni
Published: August 2022

This paper examines how Christian-Muslim debates are carried out from a linguistic point of view, to determine whether the presence or absence of unity in Tanzania could be attributed to the Ujamaa ideology. Therefore, the question this paper wishes to answer is how Christians and Muslims share discourse resources in these religious debates to show their closeness as friends. The study was conducted on two Christian- Muslim debate meetings in Mwanza and Tunduma. A Conversation Analysis focusing on turn allocation, amount of interruption, selection and change of topics, control of the agenda and how interactions are established and finished, coupled with interlocutors' word choice contradict the assertion that these debates are friendly conversations. The meetings exhibit a deep-seated suspicion, and they are more of a competition to win disciples from each other. It is in a competitive atmosphere such as this that divided subjectness shows, when the real register trumps the symbolic and the imaginary registers, that there is no love lost between interlocutors, and unification too distant to achieve.
RESTAURACIÓN DE SISTEMAS PASTORILES PARA LA REDUCCIÓN DE GASES DE EFECTO INVERNADERO EN LA CUENCA DEL RÍO CAUTO, CUBA
Authors: Rodríguez-Miranda Dolores , Benítez-Jiménez Diocles Guillermo , Pérez-Machado† Braulio Enriquéz , Pérez-Suarez Ana Beatriz , Jímenez-Mariña Liudmila , Arias-Pérez Ramón Crucito , Ledea Rodríguez José Leonardo
Published: August 2022

Background: Greenhouse gases generated by livestock increasingly affect neighboring ecosystems and climate in general, but proper management of feeding systems based on grasses and forages can contribute to reducing their emission. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the restoration of pastoral systems on the reduction in the generation of greenhouse gases. Materials and Methods: 35 farms located in four edaphoclimatic scenarios of the Cauto River Basin in the Eastern Cuban Region were restored. The restoration included the elimination of weeds, rehabilitation of pastoral systems, reforestation until reaching 50% of the area covered by the shade of the trees and the adaptation of the management system to the requirements of the rancher according to the characteristics of each farm. Results: Variables related to the productivity of the system, pasture recovery, generation of greenhouse gases and the recycling of nutrients to the soil were observed. The statistical technique "MEMI" was applied to summarize the information and typify the systems. The generation of greenhouse gases in pastoral systems is related to the factors "Volume of production" and "Size of the herd" that is maintained on the farm, which explain 70.52% of the variance of the adjusted model. Implications: This study offers an alternative for reducing greenhouse gas emissions resulting from livestock farming, which increases when the principles of balance are not met within the production system. Conclusion: The generation of greenhouse gases per unit of product decreases as the productivity of the herd increases; the recycling of nutrients to the soil through the litter grows when the balance between the animal load and the productivity of the pasture is reached, which is related to the management system that is conducted in these livestock systems.
In vitro EVALUATION OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACTS OF MYCELIUM, BASIDIOMATA AND SPENT SUBSTRATE OF Pleurotus ostreatus AGAINST Haemonchus contortus
Authors: Valdez-Uriostegui Luis Alfredo , Sánchez-García Alma Delia , Zamilpa Alejandro , Sánchez Jose Ernesto , González-Garduño Roberto , Mendoza-de-Gives Pedro , Castañeda-Ramirez Gloria Sarahi , González-Cortázar Manases , Aguilar-Marcelino Liliana
Published: August 2022

Background. The edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus is a potential alternative for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes due to their nematoxins and secondary metabolites. Objective. To evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of mycelium, basidiomata and spent substrate of the edible mushroom P. ostreatus against eggs and unsheathed larvae of Haemonchus contortus. Methodology. The mycelium of P. ostreatus was extracted with ethanol–water (70:30) and the basidiomata and the spent substrate with methanol–water (70:30) which were concentrated to obtain the mycelium (MHA), basidiomata (BHA) and spent mushroom substrate extract (SMSE) extracts. The eggs and larvae of H. contortus were exposed to different extracts in 96-well plates. The tests used were the egg-hatch and larval mortality tests. Three exposure times, 24, 48 and 72 h, were considered. The data were analyzed with a factorial design and the comparison of means by Duncan test. Results. The percentage anthelmintic effectiveness of the mycelium hydroalcoholic extract (MHA) of P. ostreatus against eggs and larvae of H. contortus were 93 and 96.8% at 12.8 and 240 mg/mL (respectively) after 72 h. Also, activity was observed for SMSE and BHA against eggs, with values of 87.2 and 100%, respectively, at 25.6 mg/mL after 72 h. However, SMSE showed no activity against H. contortus larvae, while the BHA extract showed less than 70% corresponding activity. Implications. This was an exploratory study of in vitro tests; the in vivo studies are still needed. Conclusion. The MHA extract of P. ostreatus showed anthelmintic activity against the eggs and larvae of H. contortus.
VARIABILITY OF SOME SELECTED SOIL PARAMETERS IN A 50 YEARS INTENSIVELY CULTIVATED EXPERIMENTAL PLOT ON AN ALFISOL (IWO SERIES)
Authors: Denton Oluwabunmi Aderonke , Gbadegeshin Adeniyi , Oluwatosin Gabriel , Aduramigba-Modupe Vincent
Published: August 2022

Background. Soil has variability inherent to how its formation factors interact within the landscape. Objective. This study was carried out to describe the variability of some selected physical and chemical soil properties in a 50 years intensively cultivated field. Methodology. Eighty soil samples from a 100m × 180m plot were collected at 0 - 25 and 25 – 50cm depths and subjected to physical and chemical analysis. Semivariogram was calculated for each variable to ascertain the degree of spatial variability between neighboring observations. Results. Soil pH was moderately acidic with a mean of 5.64 and CV 6.91 % at 0- 25cm while at 25- 50cm it was strongly acidic with mean value of 5.54 and CV 7.04 %. Mean value of OC in the experimental field was higher at the top soil than sub soil with values 5.96 g/kg and 4.54 g/kg respectively with CV 38.26% and 50.44%. At 0 – 25cm, % silt had a significant negative correlation with % sand (-0.790) at 0.01%. % clay and % silt was negatively correlated (-0.428), however CEC was positively correlated with % clay (0.460) at 0.01% probability while OC concentration was positively correlated with TN (r = 0.833) at 0.01.  Semivariograms indicated the existence of moderate to strong spatial dependence of soil variables at both depths. Implications. The study was used in determining the degradation status of the soils in the area, the findings of this study also showed that spatial structure exist in the soil properties at the field scale in the study site. Conclusion. These results support the importance of collecting information in experimental fields to know how a site –specific system should be undertaken.
IN VITRO METHANE PRODUCTION AND IN SITU DEGRADABILITY OF PRICKLY PEAR PRETREATED WITH YEAST CULTURES
Authors: Herrera-Torres Esperanza , Murillo-Ortiz Manuel , Méndez-Hernández Jazmín , Araiza-Rosales Esther , Reyes-Jáquez Damián , Pámanes-Carrasco Gerardo A.
Published: August 2022

Background. Natural cycles and increases in temperature and droughts worldwide are being caused by the climate change effect. In addition, greenhouse gases (GHG) produced by anthropogenic causes are released to atmosphere. In this way, ruminants contribute with 30% of the total methane produced, whereas in Mexico this value represents over 50%. Since droughts are more frequent, production of forage sources which require more water are decreasing alarmingly. Due to the latter, researchers are looking for alternative forages which may alleviate this issue; Opuntia ficus-indica arises as a good forage source. Objective. To evaluate the effect of the solid state fermentation (SSF) of prickly pear with yeast cultures on in vitro gas production, ruminal fermentation parameters and in situ degradability. Methodology. Three experimental treatments were evaluated: solely prickly pear without previous SSF with yeast cultures (PP) as a control; PP+SC, previously fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae; and PP+KM, previously fermented with Kluyveromyces marxianus ITD00262. Treatments were fermented with ruminal liquor and dry matter and protein degradabilities, as well as ruminal fermentation parameters and gas production kinetics were measured. Results. The results obtained showed that total degradability of DM increased due to yeast pretreatment (p<0.05). Crude protein degradability and total VFA decreased with PP+SC; however, PP+SC increased total gas production (p<0.05). Otherwise, PP+KM increased propionate production and decreased methane and CO2 production (p<0.05). Implications. The information presented in this research is focused in the use of PP pretreated with yeast strains in order to increase the nutritional value by increasing its protein content. In addition, the presence of yeast cultures in feedstuffs contributes to decrease the methane synthesis in rumen. Additionally, the use of PP in arid and semiarid zones may increase the water availability for ruminants. Conclusion: The use of PP pretreated with strains of Kluyveromyces marxianus into livestock feeding increases the protein availability and contributes to a reduction in the in vitro methane synthesis in 23%.

 
NUTRITIVE VALUE AND IN VITRO METHANE PRODUCTION OF TWO PERENNIAL GRASSES UNDER DIFFERENT STOCKING RATES IN PERI-URBAN AREAS OF WEST-AFRICA
Authors: Koura Bossima Ivan , Vastolo Alessandro , Dossa Luc Hippolyte , Cutrignelli Monica Isabella , Musco Nadia , Houinato Marcel , Calabrò Serena
Published: August 2022

Background. In sub-Saharan Africa, pasture is the most used practice in ruminant production, and grazing areas characteristics varied in different environment. To improve ruminants’ performances, the quality of forages represents one of the most important factors to keep under control. Objective. To quantify the effects of grazing stocking rate on the nutrient composition, energy content and in vitro fermentation characteristics including volatile fatty acids (VFA) and methane production (CH4) of two local perennial grasses Dactyloctenium aegyptium L. and Leptochloa caerulescens L. Methodology. The forage samples were collected in three locations (Zinvié, Gakpé, Adounko) characterized by different stocking rate (low, medium and high). Their chemical composition, energy content and in vitro fermentation characteristics, including CH4 production, were determined. Results. D. aegyptium showed the highest crude protein, energy content, organic matter degradability and VFA production (p<0.01) when collected in Zinvié, whereas the highest (p<0.01) structural carbohydrates (NDF) content was detected in Gakpé area and the highest CH4 production was recorded from the sample collected in Adounko (p<0.01). Contrariwise, L. caerulescens showed the highest level of crude protein and degradability (p<0.01) when collected in Zinvié, whereas it proved the highest NDF content and the lowest lignin values (p<0.01) when collected in Adounko. The highest CH4 level was obtained from the sample collected in area of Gakpé (p<0.01). Higher (p<0.01) in vitro VFA production were recorded in samples collected in Adounko and Gakpé than in the Zinvié. Implications. The results obtained in this study highlight the significant influence of urbanization and herd concentration, as well as of other environmental conditions, on the nutritional value and potential environmental impact of the studied perennial grasses. Conclusion. Samples from high grazing stocking rate locations produced more in vitro methane. Further in vivo studies are needed to confirm these results.
PRINCIPALES APORTACIONES CIENTÍFICAS DE LA FMVZ-UADY EN LA EPIDEMIOLOGÍA LA LEPTOSPIROSIS, TOXOPLASMOSIS, TRIPANOSOMIASIS AMERICANA, Y DIROFILARIOSIS EN ANIMALES DOMÉSTICOS Y SINANTRÓPICOS
Authors: Ortega-Pacheco Antonio , Aguilar-Caballero Armando J , Torres-Acosta Juan F.J. , Gutierrez-Blanco Eduardo , Rosado-Aguilar Jose A , Rodriguez-Vivas Roger I , Gutierrez-Ruiz Edwin J , Bolio-Gonzalez Manuel E , Jimenez-Coello Matilde
Published: August 2022

Background. In tropical and subtropical regions there are ideal conditions for the maintenance and proliferation of leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis, American trypanosomiasis, and heartworm disease, which affect the welfare and health of domestic and synanthropic animals and can cause zoonoses. Objective. To identify the main epidemiological findings of potentially zoonotic diseases such as leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis, American trypanosomiasis, and heartworm disease in domestic animals, synanthropics, and humans in the Yucatan Peninsula. Methodology. The compilation of scientific articles from the studies carried out by the academic body of Animal Health in the first 50 years of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the Autonomous University of Yucatan was carried out. The review focused on four infectious agents with zoonotic potential (Leptospira spp, Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Dirofilaria immitis) that affect animals in the Yucatan peninsula. Results. The studies have shown a wide distribution of animals affected by these agents and described various aspects of epidemiology in animals and humans. Implications. Epidemiological monitoring of these agents and the study of their impact on health is essential for decision-making when it comes to implementing official control and prevention measures in both animals and humans. Conclusions. The infectious agents described (bacteria, protozoa and nematode) have a wide distribution in various species of domestic and synanthropic animals of the Yucatan peninsula, and have an impact on the human population in this region of Mexico. The epidemiological conditions described in this region should serve to prevent and control these diseases.
MASIFICACIÓN DE SISTEMAS SILVOPASTORILES: UN LARGO Y SINUOSO CAMINO
Authors: Apan-Salcedo Gregorio Wenceslao , Jiménez-Ferrer Jose Guillermo , Nahed-Toral Jose , Pérez-Luna Esaú , Piñeiro-Vázquez Angel Trinidad
Published: August 2022

Background: The global community has recognized silvopastoral systems (SPS) as an alternative to contribute to the resolution of various socio-environmental problems derived from extensive livestock farming, deforestation, climate change and the current pandemic derived from SARS-CoV-2. Its technical and social viability has motivated various sectors of society to promote its massification or scaling. However, although there are important advances in agroforestry and silvopastoral scientific research in southeastern Mexico, there are no works that address the experiences of massification of silvopastoral systems. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the experiences of massification of various projects of SSP, the participation of social actors and the barriers and trade-offs in their implementation in the state of Chiapas (Mexico). Methodology: The study considered an analysis period from 2000 to 2020. A review of scientific and technical documents was made, various social actors were interviewed (livestock producers, technicians from international and national development agencies, technicians and advisers from peasant organizations, technicians from non-governmental organizations, academics from research centers and universities) who have promoted SPS and good livestock practices in Chiapas. Two participatory workshops were held. Results. A timeline was built and five relevant experiences of massification of SPS in various agroecological regions of Chiapas were analyzed: a) Scolel Té Project, b) Puyacatengo Agreement (Red Selva), c) Sustainable Rural Development Project in Biological Corridors , d) Innovative mechanisms for a cooperation program towards adaptation to climate change in the Sierra Madre and Costa de Chiapas, e) Early Action Initiatives for Mitigation in livestock areas (IAT-REDD +) and e) Agrosilvopastoral Biodiversity and Livestock Landscapes Project Sustainable (BioPaSOS). Various socio-environmental barriers and alliances between multiple social actors are shown. Implications: The work makes a contribution to the historicity of the massification processes of SPS and to the process of change in livestock. It is necessary to continue with an in-depth analysis of the social and technological impact that the various massification initiatives shown have had.  Conclusions: The massification process that occurred between the years of study has shown the importance of alliances between various social sectors (producers-development agencies-academia-Governments), which has allowed the transition from local projects to projects with broad territorial coverage.
PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA ISOLATED FROM Solanum tuberosum L. IN VERACRUZ-MÉXICO RIZOBACTERIAS
Authors: Salinas Alejandro , San Martín Romero Elmira , Nava-Díaz Cristian , Rivera-Fernándezc Andrés , Suárez-Medellín Jorge , Melgar-Lalanne Guiomar , Trigos Landa Ángel
Published: August 2022

Background: The central area of the state of Veracruz is widely known as one of the regions with the largest hectares dedicated to the production of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), this is susceptible to different diseases, an strategy of managements is with applications of growth-promoting rhizobacteria that have yielded favorable results in other crops.

Objective: To evaluated seven bacterial strains isolated from the rhizosphere of Solanum tuberosum in terms of plant growth promotion (PGPR). Methodology: The isolates belonged to the species: Providencia alcalifaciens, Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae, Serratia marcescens, Serratia liquefaciens (I), Serratia liquefaciens (II), Pseudomonas putida and Serratia ficaria. Biochemical tests were performed such as production of siderophores, solubilization of phosphate, production of indole-3-acetic acid and nitrogen fixation. Results: All the bacterial strains functioned as plant growth promoters, compared to the negative control, particularly the P. syringae pv syringae and S. liquefaciens (I) strains. Implications: The use of these strains represent an alternative to improve the phytosanitary conditions of this crop for the area. Conclusion: Based on the above, we consider that the seven bacterial strains evaluated in this study constitute a promising and environmentally friendly strategy in development of potato crop of Perote Veracruz.
SECUESTRO INORGÁNICO DE CARBONO: LA RUTA OXALATO-CARBONATO EN AMBIENTES KÁRSTICOS CALCÁREOS
Authors: Álvarez-Rivera Oscar , Estrada-Medina Héctor , Jimenez-Osornio Juan José M.
Published: August 2022

Background. In recent decades there has been an increase in emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere, this has caused negative impacts on both natural and anthropic systems. Due to the above, the study of the global dynamics of the carbon cycle has become more important, in order to design technologies and propose management strategies and practices that reduce CO2 emissions into the atmosphere or remove it from it (carbon sequestration). The removal of atmospheric CO2 can occur by biotic and abiotic processes and can be deposited in different natural reservoirs both in organic and inorganic form. One of the mechanisms for sequestering carbon in an inorganic way is the oxalate-carbonate pathway (OCP), which deposits secondary carbonates to the soil, from calcium oxalate crystals. Objective. A review of inorganic carbon sequestration is carried out, emphasizing the deposition of secondary carbonates in soils through the oxalate-carbonate pathway, and we analyzed  its implications in calcareous karst environments. Main findings. The OCP has been mainly studied in acid soils, but it could also be important in alkaline soils, since other secondary sources of calcium, such as those carried by the wind, have not yet been considered (i.e. calcium in Sahara desert dust arriving to Yucatan Peninsula annually). Implications. The study of the OCP has been intensified in recent years, resulting for us of particular interest in calcareous karst environments, due to its high spatio-temporal dynamics dominated by carbonation-decarbonation reactions. Conclusion. Evidence of OCP activity has been found in karst environments; however, this metabolic pathway presents spatial and temporal dynamics, so it is difficult to estimate its contribution to the global dynamics of C, and it may contribute by delaying the return of CO2 to the atmosphere.
REGENERACIÓN in vitro DE PLANTAS DE Polianthes tuberosa L. A PARTIR DE TEJIDO FOLIAR Y DE BOTÓN FLORAL
Authors: Hernández-Mendoza Fanny , Carrillo-Castañeda Guillermo , García-Gaytán Víctor , Pedraza-Santos Martha Elena , De la Cruz-Torres Eulogio , Mendoza-Castillo María Del Carmen
Published: August 2022

Background. Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) is a native plant of central and southern Mexico, cultivated for cut flower and as for the perfume industry. Farmers propagate it vegetatively, so it is important to generate new varieties by implementing efficient techniques, both to induce mutations and micro-propagation. Objective. Establish the protocol for the in vitro propagation of P. tuberosa L. from foliar and flower tissue. Methodology. Leaf and button explants were placed on the surface of the culture medium base GC, containing inorganic salts Murashige and Skoog (1962) per liter, coconut water 50 mL L-1, 20 g L-1 of sucrose, 6.4 g L-1 of agar, being the pH adjusted to 5.7. With this basic medium were prepared a series of culture media containing benzylaminopurine (BAP) , naphthaleneacetic acid (ANA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), indole acetic acid (IAA) and kinetin. Results. Shoot regeneration (3.5 %) was solely from button tissue explants on solid media containing BAP and ANA; media T1 (1.1 %), T3 (3.5 %) and T11 (2.5 %). The shoots developed roots in the medium with indolbutiric acid (1 mg L-1) and BAP (0.1 mg L-1). In foliar tissue cultures, the regeneration of green callus was achieved in a higher percentage (50.9 %) in the solid media with BAP (4.5 mg L-1) and ANA (0.05 mg L-1) and sucrose 20 g L-1. Implications. The protocol was developed that allowed obtaining tuberose seedlings from flower buds. This attributes to the in vitro conservation of germplasm, and initiating genetic improvement programs for P. tuberosa with new and desirable characteristics, to increase biodiversity in the crop. Conclusions. Both shoot induction and development were observed in media containing BAP (4.5 mg L-1) and ANA (0.1 mg L-1).               .
EFECTO DE ESPECIES DE Trichoderma SOBRE LA INCIDENCIA DE F. verticillioides EN CUATRO GENOTIPOS DE MAÍZ
Authors: Castro del Ángel Epifanio , Sánchez Arizpe Abiel , Galindo Cepeda Ma. Elizabeth , Vázquez Badillo Mario Ernesto
Published: August 2022

Background. Fusarium verticillioides is a fungus most frequently isolated from corn cobs and the most widely distributed in the world; affecting a wide range of hosts and contaminated products with mycotoxins. Objective. The present study aimed to determine the incidence of F. verticillioides in four maize genotypes treated with Trichoderma strains as biocontrol under field conditions. Methodology. Three Trichoderma strains were inoculated by three inoculation methods to test their effectiveness in controlling the fungus F. verticillioides. Four maize genotypes were used to determine this effect. The antagonist strains were inoculated at sowing time as seed inoculation and foliar spray applied in stage R2 and R3. Results. Fusarium verticillioides was identified morphologically and molecularly. The three strains significantly reduced the incidence of the fungus, however T. harzianum T1-4 was the one that presented the best control. The evaluated methods, seed inoculation and foliar spraying evaluated simultaneously significantly reduced the incidence of the phytopathogen. The Mestizo Diamante genotype presented a better response to the invasion by F. verticillioides in interaction with the antagonist strains. Implications. Due to the limited field work for the biological control of F. verticillioides, the present results contribute to this scarce information. Conclusion. Trichoderma species reduced the incidence of F. verticillioides in maize genotypes from the state of Veracruz.
CALIDAD DEL AGUA EN HUMEDALES URBANOS DE ISLA MUJERES, QUINTANA ROO, MÉXICO
Authors: Barrientos-Medina Roberto Carlos , Ceballos-Povedano Rosiluz , Cobos-Gasca Víctor Manuel , Navarro-Alberto Jorge A.
Published: August 2022

Background: Bodies of water in the interior of Isla Mujeres, characterized by having homes around. Objective: Show information on the water quality of the Chica y Grande salt flats of Isla Mujeres, Quintana Roo. Methodology: A study was carried out in each body of water considering different numbers of random points for the measurement of hydrological and microbiological variables in three visits during 2016. The data obtained were analyzed using multivariate exploration techniques (main component analysis) and hypothesis contrast (multivariate variance analysis with permutations). Results: The results indicate that the differences between climatic seasons (north, dry and rain) are more important than the differences between wetlands, with temperature being the variable with more significant changes in the dry season. In terms of water quality, the most relevant indicators were dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand, whose values allow salt flats to be located as bodies of water of low environmental quality. Implications: The importance of having an appropriate monitoring program and management plan for these emblematic ecosystems of the island is highlighted. Conclusion: salt flats are shallow wetlands, with very low concentrations of dissolved oxygen, leading to them being located as ecosystems with low environmental quality.
POTENTIAL OF NATIVE MAIZE IN THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROPONIC GREEN FODDER UNDER TROPICAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Zeferino-Hernández Pedro , Vazquez Luna Dinora , Lara-Rodríguez Daniel Alejandro , Tadeo-Bolaños Patricia , Velázquez-Silvestre María Gisela , Rodríguez Lozano Astrid
Published: August 2022

Background: Hydroponic Green Fodder (HGF) is a technology that allows the efficient production of fresh forage with a high protein content. Objective:  To analyze the bromatological and productive variables of HGF with four native maize varieties located in the southern region of the state of Veracruz, Mexico. Methodology: Bromatological and productive parameters of four varieties of native corn (V1= Soteapan white, V2 = Tulín white, V3 = Mecayapan yellow, V4 = Cosoleacaque white) were analyzed in Acayucan, Veracruz. The productive variables evaluated were height, biomass and potential yield (Py)], while the bromatological were: Dry Matter (DM), Ash (A), Crude Protein (CP), Crude Fiber (CF) and Ethereal Extract (EE), the relationship between the dry weight of the seed (ws) and Py was also analyzed. The experimental design was completely randomized with three replications, using 200 g-1 of seed of each variety placed in germination trays of 30 cm-2, using a nebulization system of 6.6 to 7.2 L h-1 and an irrigation frequency of two minutes every four hours. The variables were analyzed with the Tukey test using SAS University Edition software and Pearson's linear correlation was used to determine the relationship between ws and Py. Results: V1 was the best variety in height (34.3 cm-1), Py (21.5 kg m-2) and PC (22.13%), with 29% more roots and correlating with heavier seeds. Implications: The study was carried out with a nebulization system with a higher frequency of irrigation, since it was carried out in the months of May-June, with temperatures above the average. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the irrigation time according to the environmental conditions. Conclusion: It is concluded that the native varieties V1 and V2 have a high potential for the production of HGF.
RIESGO DE INUNDACIÓN ANTE LLUVIAS EXTREMAS EN EL KARST DE LA CIUDAD DE MÉRIDA YUCATÁN MÉXICO
Authors: Bautista Francisco , Aguilar Yameli
Published: August 2022

Background. Yearly hurricanes and tropical storms formed in the Atlantic are natural flooding hazards to The Yucatan Peninsula due to unplanned land use changes when new urban areas are to be developed on karstic soils such as in the case of the municipality of Merida. Objective: This work aimed to generate a flood risk map due to extreme meteorological events when storms and hurricane occurred in the municipality of Merida. Methodology: To assess flood risk on a detailed scale, the main input was the digital elevation continuum; it was classified into three classes of elevations: very high risk, less than 4 meters above sea level (m.a.s.l); high from 4 to 7 m.a.s.l.; medium from 7 to 10 m.a.s.l.; and low, greater than 10 m.a.s.l.; the population layer by localities was included in order to estimate the amount of population at risk by type of flood. Results: the areas with high to very high risk of flooding due to tropical storms and hurricanes are located in the north of Merida, where urban areas are in continuous expansion. These results were validated during the recent flood events. Implications: It is recommended that areas with high to very high risk of flooding be declared as eco-archaeological and environmental protected natural areas. Conclusions: In the north of Mérida are located 46 ha with the water table below 7 m from the ground surface so continuous urban growth is not recommended. The flooding risks of this area ranged from high to very high due to the rise of the water table during storms and hurricanes.
GRUPOS MICROBIANOS EN UN AGROECOSISTEMA MILPA INTERCALADA CON ÁRBOLES FRUTALES EN VALLES ALTOS DE PUEBLA, MÉXICO
Authors: Duché-García Tabaré T. A. , Ocampo-Fletes Ignacio , Cruz-Hernández Javier , Hernández-Guzmán J. Arahón , Macías-López Antonio , Jiménez-García Daniel , Hernández-Romero Ernesto
Published: August 2022

Background: Microorganisms play a fundamental role in soil dynamics of agroecosystems. Objective: To determine soil quality parameters and the abundance of functional groups of edaphic microorganisms in eight different contrasting sites evaluated in a milpa agroecosystem interclassed whit fruit trees (MIAF) and in monocultures system. Methodology: Bulk density, humidity, pH, electrical conductivity, percentage of ash, oxidizable organic matter, oxidizable carbon, total nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen and nutrients (NO3-, Na+, Ca2+ and K+) were determined in composite soil samples by triplicate for each sites, as well as the diversity of weeds and abundance of total actinomycetes, nitrogen-fixing actinomycetes, yeasts, fungi, bacteria, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores. A principal component analysis was carried out to calculate a soil quality index (SQI). Analysis of variance, Tukey's mean comparison test (P ≤ 0.05), linear correlation, cluster analysis and canonical correlation were performed. Results: A greater amount of total actinomycetes (> 4 Log CFU g-1 soil) and nitrogen-fixing actinomycetes (> 3.8 Log CFU g-1 soil) and fungi (> 1.7 Log CFU g-1 soil) were observed in the MIAF system compared to the monocultures. For the sites with corn-bean association in the MIAF system, a high positive correlation was observed between organic matter content and nitrogen-fixing actinomycetes (r = 0.60) and yeasts (r = 0.73), as well as with the percentage of total nitrogen with yeasts (r = 0.70) and nitrogen-fixing actinomycetes (r = 0.75). Implications: The methodology used allowed the grouping of the sites studied, based on the SQI and a reduced set of variables. Conclusion: The MIAF system favored the abundance of functional groups, soil quality parameters and the availability of nutrients in the soil compared to the monoculture sites.
VIRUS DE LA “MANCHA ROJA” DE LA VID: UNA POTENCIAL ENFERMEDAD EN LOS VIÑEDOS DE MÉXICO
Authors: Beltran-Beache Mariana , Ochoa-Fuentes Yisa Maria , Cerna-Chavez Ernesto , Landero-Flores Jeronimo , Castro del Ángel Epifanio , Delgado-Ortiz Juan Carlos
Published: August 2022

Background. The grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) is a member of the Geminiviridae family that has a single-stranded DNA genome consisting of 3,206 nucleotides, from which two clades (1 and 2) diverge with differences of up to 8.5% in the genome. The symptoms associated with the red blotch disease are leaves with irregular red spots, the veins turn red and occasionally margins of the same color can be observed; white grape cultivars symptoms are less marked, involving slight chlorosis of irregular shape that may become necrotic as time, causing delays in fruit maturation and alterations in the chemical characteristics of the juice. Objective. Introduce the current situation of the grapevine red blotch virus on the vine worldwide and the risk that it represents as an emerging disease in Mexico, as well as the available detection methods and strategies for managing the disease and its known vectors. Methodology.

Employed method was a literature review about Grapevine “red spot” virus and its damages on the vine plants. Main findings. A review is obtained with the distribution of GRBV worldwide, highlighting the main differences with Pierce disease and GLRaV, knowledge of the vectors and the amin detection techniques. Implications. The real spread of the red blotch disease caused by GRBV in Mexico, specific vectors or alternative hosts is not known, which represents a latent risk to the national grape production. Communicate timely and available information about possible vectors, detection techniques and symptoms caused by GRBV are very important for a monitoring and control strategy design. Conclusions. The disease caused by GRBV has been recently detected in Mexico country, making crucial to establish effective and reliable detection strategies that improve the monitoring and control of GRBV and its possible vectors. This review shows the current panorama of the GRBV distribution in Mexico and the world, the repercussions on the crop due to the effect of the symptoms that affect the physiology and metabolism of the plants, which affects the production and quality fruit, as well as the information available to support the vine production systems in Mexico.
PERSPECTIVAS DEL CONSUMIDOR MEXICANO SOBRE LA CALIDAD DE LA CARNE DE BOVINO
Authors: Parra Bracamonte Gaspar Manuel , Lopez-Villalobos Nicolas , Vázquez-Armijo José Fernando , Magaña-Monforte Juan Gabriel , Martínez-González Juan Carlos , Moreno-Medina Victor Ricardo
Published: August 2022

Background. Eighty percent of beef produced in Mexico is consumed domestically. However, in recent years per capita domestic consumption has gradually decreased. Identifying consumer preferences and their perspectives on beef quality could provide information for the design of programs focused on the improvement of beef production chain and encourage meat consumption. Objective. In this study the definition of quality is provided and discussed and the published evidence on the main attributes considered by the Mexican consumer at the time of  beef purchase are revised, providing a critical perspective on beef quality appreciation and to identify some implications and limitations. Methodology. Was performed a bibliographic search of available literature including the Mexican consumer perspective on beef quality attributes published in peer reviewed papers from international and national indexed journals. Main findings. Evidences on the main criterions that Mexican consumer considers as indicators for beef quality during de beef purchase are presented, and some implications and perspectives for the future adoption of more complex systems to guarantee beef quality and add value to the entire production chain are discussed. Implications. This study provide some directions on the establishment of proposals to adequately define the Mexican beef consumer preferences focused on quality and consistency of product, favorable for the whole beef industry. Conclusions: The price of beef was identified as the main criterion considered for Mexican consumer for purchasing of beef, and secondarily, his perspective include intrinsic attributes generically describing the beef quality. More studies are necessary for the identification of factors affecting the beef consistency and to adequately define the most important attributes that satisfy the Mexican consumer perspective on beef quality.
DETERMINANTS OF SORGHUM BIOMASS USE FOR LIVESTOCK FEED ACROSS SORGHUM GROWING AGROECOLOGICAL ZONES IN ETHIOPIA
Authors: Tegegn Asheber , Pendell Dustin , Tolera Adugna , Min Doohong , Vipham Jessie , Mekasha Aklilu
Published: August 2022

Background. In mixed crop livestock farming systems in Ethiopia, sorghum stover and other crop residues are a strategic livestock feed resource.  Farmer’s decisions and intensity of use of sorghum stover for feed than other uses are closely associated with biophysical and socioeconomic characteristics. Objective. This study explores determinants of sorghum biomass uses for livestock feed in three major sorghum growing agroecological zones of Ethiopia. Methodology. Tobit and double hurdle models were run and likelihood ratio test was performed to select most suitable estimation technique. Result. Allocation of sorghum stover for feed showed a significant association with sorghum growing agro-ecological zones, highest in the lowland (86.73%) and the lowest in highland sorghum growing agroecological area (61.75%). Econometric model result revealed that among other factors; availability of feed from grazing and other crop residues had a negative effect on decision to use and intensity of use of sorghum stover for feed. Household’s livestock ownership and family size had positive effects.  Implication. Decision variables influenced household’s decision and intensity on use of sorghum stover for feed at three major sorghum growing zone differently. Conclusion. Knowledge generated through this study may help any research and development efforts to enhance productivity of sorghum biomass for livestock feed and livestock improvement strategies.

Keywords:  Agroecology; Crop residue; Econometric models; Feed resources; Sorghum stover.

Keywords:  Agroecology; Crop residue; Econometric models; Feed resources; Sorghum stover.
EVALUATION OF MEXICAN NATIVE AND HYBRID MAIZE (ZEA MAYS) SILAGES FOR SUSTAINABLE MILK PRODUCTION
Authors: Robles Jimenez Lizbeth Esmeralda , Rosas Davila Melchor , Osorio Avalos Jorge , Chay-Canul Alfonso Juventino , Palacios Carlos , Castelan Ortega Octavio Alonso , Gonzalez Ronquillo Manuel
Published: August 2022

Background. Maize cultivation and dairy cattle represent two of the main economic activities in Mexico. Objective. Determine the forage yield (ton / ha) and forage quality of the maize silage produced in Mexico and estimate potential milk production. Methodology. For this purpose, 13 studies carried out in Mexico, were analyzed according to study area (north vs. center of Mexico) and variety (native vs. hybrid). For inclusion in the final database, the studies should have been including agronomic and chemical variables such as: dry matter yield (DMY) (ton / ha), plant density (number of plants / ha), dry matter content (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), ash or organic matter (OM), dry matter digestibility (DMD), neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD), starch and fat content. The data were analyzed using a completely randomized statistical design. Results. The forage DMY (dry matter yield) / ha, and the milk production (ton DM / ha) were higher (P <0.0001) for the central region with respect to the northern region. Regarding to the milk production (kg milk/ ha) the native silages produced more (P <0.05) than the hybrids. A positive correlation was observed for the content of NEL (net energy of lactation) (MJ / kg DM) and kg milk / ton DM. Implications. The native maize of Mexico thus has the potential to provide greater production of milk / ha and kg Milk/ per ton DM with respect to hybrid maize, due to the higher digestibility of the NDF that causes the higher NEl. Conclusions. The use of native maize in Mexico is a viable alternative for use as a silage in feed for dairy cows, with higher milk production per hectare and per ton of dry matter compared to hybrid maize.