bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring and control of the release of soluble O2 from H2O2 inside porous enzyme carrier for O2 supply to an immobilized d‐amino acid oxidase
Authors: Schelch Sabine , Bolivar Juan M. , Nidetzky Bernd
Published: May 2022

While O2 substrate for bio‐transformations in bulk liquid is routinely provided from entrained air or O2 gas, tailored solutions of O2 supply are required when the bio‐catalysis happens spatially confined to the microstructure of a solid support. Release of soluble O2 from H2O2 by catalase is promising, but spatiotemporal control of the process is challenging to achieve. Here, we show monitoring and control by optical sensing within a porous carrier of the soluble O2 formed by an immobilized catalase upon feeding of H2O2. The internally released O2 is used to drive the reaction of d‐amino acid oxidase (oxidation of d‐methionine) that is co‐immobilized with the catalase in the same carrier. The H2O2 is supplied in portions at properly timed intervals, or continuously at controlled flow rate, to balance the O2 production and consumption inside the carrier so as to maintain the internal O2 concentration in the range of 100–500 µM. Thus, enzyme inactivation by excess H2O2 is prevented and gas formation from the released O2 is avoided at the same time. The reaction rate of the co‐immobilized enzyme preparation is shown to depend linearly on the internal O2 concentration up to the air‐saturated level. Conversions at a 200 ml scale using varied H2O2 feed rate (0.04–0.18 mmol/min) give the equivalent production rate from d‐methionine (200 mM) and achieve rate enhancement by ∼1.55‐fold compared to the same oxidase reaction under bubble aeration. Collectively, these results show an integrated strategy of biomolecular engineering for tightly controlled supply of O2 substrate from H2O2 into carrier‐immobilized enzymes. By addressing limitations of O2 supply via gas‐liquid transfer, especially at the microscale, this can be generally useful to develop specialized process strategies for O2‐dependent biocatalytic reactions.
The role of radical innovation in circular strategy deployment
Authors: Arekrans Johan , Ritzén Sofia , Laurenti Rafael
Published: May 2022

Circular economy (CE) is gaining interest among industrial firms in light of sustainability concerns, and several incumbent firms are integrating it into their strategy. In this study, we scrutinize learnings from three large established industrial firms with a clear CE agenda and that are front‐runners in CE strategy deployment. We analyze exploitation and exploration approaches to CE and problematize how these approaches relate to radical innovation, which we argue is critical for achieving CE. Semi‐structured interviews (n = 30) were used to collect data. We found several issues referring to (1) challenges and approaches to normative management, (2) how the innovation ecosystem is engaged, (3) how goals and metrics relate to CE, and (4) resources and coordination regarding the CE initiative. Overall, current exploitative approaches are favored over explorative, mirroring an undesired imbalance between the two. We suggest several ways to counteract this. For example, (1) addressing existing norms so that they align with the ambitions in CE, (2) actively managing collaboration in the innovation ecosystem, including radically new setups of different actors, and (3) that managers need to carefully consider when and how to use goals and measurements in a circular strategy deployment, to foster both radical and incremental innovation.
Which institutional investors drive corporate sustainability? A systematic literature review
Authors: Velte Patrick
Published: May 2022

In this article, we review recent archival research (66 studies) on the influence of institutional ownership (IO) heterogeneity on corporate sustainability. Relying on an agency‐theoretical framework, we differentiate between various types of IO and their nature. We found that most prior research concentrates on the impact of IO heterogeneity on corporate sustainability performance. Long‐term, sustainable, and foreign IO leads to better ESG/CSR outputs. Based on the business case argument for corporate sustainability, long‐term institutional investors moderate the positive link between corporate sustainability and future financial performance. We provide useful recommendations for future research by focusing on endogeneity concerns as methodological challenges and content‐related proposals for future research designs.
Design, Synthesis and Molecular Docking of Novel Quinazolinone Hydrazide Derivatives as EGFR Inhibitors
Authors: Fang Ze‐Yu , Zhang Yi‐Heng , Chen Chong‐Hao , Zheng Qi , Lv Peng‐Cheng , Ni Lei‐Qiang , Sun Juan , Wu Yuan‐Feng
Published: May 2022

A series of novel quinazolinone hydrazide derivatives were designed and synthesized as EGFR inhibitors. The results indicated that most of the aimed compounds had potential anti‐tumor cell proliferation and EGFR inhibitory activities. In the comprehensive analysis of all the tested compounds, the target compound 9c showed the best anti‐tumor cell proliferation activity, (IC50=1.31 μM for MCF‐7, IC50=1.89 μM for HepG2, IC50=2.10 μM for SGC), and IC50=0.59 μM for the EGFR inhibitory activity. Docking results showed that compound 9c could ideally insert the active site and interact with the critical amino acid residues (Val702, Lys721, Met769, Asp831) in the active site.
Concrescence of the right maxillary second and third molars: A case report
Authors: Xu Yan , Sun Jin
Published: May 2022

Herein, we reported a rare case of concrescence of #17 and #18, including the clinical and imaging findings. After extracting the concrescence, the fistula on #17 gradually disappeared. In addition, we analyzed the histological etiology and clinical diagnosis and treatment of concrescence from the sight of periodontal functional stimulation.
Flexible MXene films for batteries and beyond
Authors: Huang Yang , Lu Qiongqiong , Wu Dianlun , Jiang Yue , Liu Zhenjie , Chen Bin , Zhu Minshen , Schmidt Oliver G.
Published: May 2022

MXenes add dozens of metallic conductors to the family of two‐dimensional (2D) materials. A top‐down synthesis approach removing A‐layer atoms (e.g., Al, Si, and Ga) in MAX phases to produce 2D flakes attaches various surface terminations to MXenes. With these terminations, MXenes show tunable properties, promising a range of applications from energy storage devices to electronics, including sensors, transistors, and antennas. MXenes are also excellent building blocks to create flexible films used for flexible and wearable devices. This article summarizes the synthesis of MXene flakes and highlights aspects that need attention for flexible devices. Rather than listing the development of energy storage devices in detail, we focus on the main challenges of and solutions for constructing high‐performance devices. Moreover, we show the applications of MXene films in electronics to call on designs to construct a complete system based on MXene with good flexibility, which consists of a power source, sensors, transistors, and wireless communications.
Remote Effect from Boron Cluster: Tunable Photophysical Properties of o‐Carborane‐Based Luminogens
Authors: Guo Lihao , Yu Xiao , Du Jiahui , Li Wei , Bregadze Vladimir , Tu Deshuang , Lu Changsheng , Yan Hong
Published: May 2022

We proposed a new molecular design strategy that the o‐carboranyl group is attached as “an innocent unit” to the remote side of luminogens to tune photophysical properties. To verify this strategy, two o‐carborane‐based compounds with asymmetric molecular geometry were designed and synthesized. Photophysical properties of o‐carborane‐based luminogens were investigated on the basis of UV‐Vis spectra, photoluminescence spectra, crystal structure analysis and theoretical calculations. The results indicate that the o‐carboranyl group has a slight effect on the energy gap between the ground state (S0) and the first excited state (S1) in the solution state but a significant effect on the energy gap between S0 and S1 in the solid state. Besides, the radiative and non‐radiative transition processes are modulated by the o‐carboranyl unit. This leads to emission quenching in the solution state but an enhanced luminous efficiency in the aggregate state with a typical aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) property.
Driving the Active Site Incorporation in Zeolitic Materials via the Organic Structure‐Directing Agent Through Development of H‐Bonds with Hydroxyl Groups
Authors: Bernardo‐Maestro Beatriz , Li Jian , Pérez‐Pariente Joaquín , López‐Arbeloa Fernando , Gómez‐Hortigüela Luis
Published: May 2022

(1S,2S)‐N‐methyl‐pseudoephedrine (MPS) was used as organic structure‐directing agent (OSDA) for the synthesis of Mg‐doped nanoporous aluminophosphates. This molecule displays a particular conformational behavior, where the presence of H‐bond donor and acceptor groups provide a rigid conformational space with one asymmetric conformation preferentially occurring. MPS drives the crystallization of Mg‐containing AFI materials. Characterization of these materials shows that the OSDA incorporate as protonated species, arranged as head‐to‐tail monomers. Combination of three‐dimensional electron diffraction with high‐resolution synchrotron powder X‐ray diffraction allowed to locate both the Mg and the organic species. Interestingly, results showed that the spatial incorporation of Mg is driven by the hydroxyl groups of the organic cation through the development of H‐bonds with negatively‐charged MgO4 tetrahedra. This work demonstrates that H‐bond forming groups can be used to drive the spatial incorporation of low‐valent dopants within zeolitic frameworks, a highly desired aim in order to control their catalytic activity and selectivity.
A Porous Sulfonated 2D Zirconium Metal–Organic Framework as a Robust Platform for Proton Conduction
Authors: Szufla Monika , Choroś Aleksandra , Nitek Wojciech , Matoga Dariusz
Published: May 2022

By using the strategy of pre‐assembly chlorosulfonation applied to a linker precursor, the first sulfonated zirconium metal–organic framework (JUK‐14) with two‐dimensional (2D) structure, was synthesized. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction reveals that the material is built of Zr6O4(OH)4(COO)8 oxoclusters, doubly 4‐connected by angular dicarboxylates, and stacked in layers spaced 1.5 nm apart by the presence of sulfonic groups. JUK‐14 exhibits excellent hydrothermal stability, permanent porosity confirmed by gas adsorption studies, and shows high (>10−4 S/cm) and low (<10−8 S/cm) proton conductivity under humidified and anhydrous conditions, respectively. Post‐synthesis inclusion of imidazole improves the overall conductivity increasing it to 1.7×10−3 S/cm at 60 °C and 90 % relative humidity, and by 3 orders of magnitude at 160 °C. The combination of 2D porous nature with robustness of zirconium MOFs offers new opportunities for exploration of the material towards energy and environmental applications.
Enantioselective Amination of β‐Keto Esters Catalyzed by Chiral Calcium Phosphates
Authors: Wu Zhenwei , Krishnamurthy Suvratha , Satyanarayana Tummalapalli K. S. , Xu Jun , Yue Caizhen , Antilla Jon C.
Published: May 2022

A catalytic enantioselective amination of β‐keto esters using (S)‐BINOL chiral calcium phosphate has been developed. The reaction produces chiral α‐amino‐β‐keto ester derivatives in most cases with moderate to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99 %) and good yields (up to 99 %). This mild synthetic method highlights a low catalyst loading and high catalytic efficiency. When the substrate backbone was changed to 1‐tetralone‐derived β‐keto esters, unexpectedly high yields of selective redox products were obtained. The practicality of the reaction was realized by a scale‐up without any significant loss in the enantioselectivity and yield. Chiral calcium phosphate was successfully recovered and reused for four runs, indicating its stability and high catalytic activity.
Modulated Synthesis of Self‐Standing Covalent Organic Framework Films
Authors: Wang Yang , Guo Bei , Yang Tong , Zhang Zhi‐Cong , Liang Lin , Ding San‐Yuan , Wang Wei
Published: May 2022

The weak interaction of covalent organic framework (COF) nanoparticles makes the preparation of self‐standing COF films difficult. Herein, a modulated strategy for the facile synthesis of self‐standing COF films with good crystallinity and tunable thickness is reported. As compared with the non‐modulated approach, the modulated strategy changes the COF morphology from nanoparticles to nanofibers, enabling the facile preparation of self‐standing COF films with improved mechanical properties. The Young's modulus of the self‐standing COF film obtained via the modulated strategy could increase by 26 times. Moreover, self‐standing LZU‐8 film can be used as a membrane for efficient removal of 99 % mercury ions from aqueous solution. Our results open up a new approach to prepare self‐standing COF thin films for practical applications.
Reactions of Mesityl Azide with Ferrocene‐Based N‐Heterocyclic Germylenes, Stannylenes and Plumbylenes, Including PPh2‐Functionalised Congeners
Authors: Guthardt Robin , Oetzel Lisa , Lang Tobias , Bruhn Clemens , Siemeling Ulrich
Published: May 2022

The reactivity of ferrocene‐based N‐heterocyclic tetrylenes [{Fe(η5−C5H4−NSitBuMe2)2}E] (E=Ge, Sn, Pb) towards mesityl azide (MesN3) is compared with that of PPh2‐functionalised congeners exhibiting two possible reaction sites, namely the EIIand PIIIatom. For E=Ge and Sn the reaction occurs at the EIIatom, leading to the formation of N2and an EIV=NMes unit. The germanimines are sufficiently stable for isolation. The stannanimines furnish follow‐up products, either by [2+3] cycloaddition with MesN3or, in the PPh2‐substituted case, by NMes transfer from the SnIVto the PIIIatom. Whereas [{Fe(η5−C5H4−NSitBuMe2)2}Pb] and other diaminoplumbylenes studied are inert even under forcing conditions, the PPh2‐substituted congener forms an addition product with MesN3, thus showing a behaviour similar to that of frustrated Lewis pairs. The germylenes of this study afford copper(I) complexes with CuCl, including the first structurally characterised linear dicoordinate halogenido complex [CuX(L)] with a heavier tetrylene ligand L.
Chlorine‐Substituted N‐Heteroacene Analogues Acting as Organic Semiconductors for Solution‐Processed n‐type Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Yang Bo , Wang Zilong , He Tengfei , Chen Jinqiu , Mu Zifeng , Ju Zhengkun , Lin Menglu , Long Guankui , Zhang Jing , Meng Hong , Huang Wei
Published: May 2022

High performance solution processable n‐type organic semiconductor is an essential element to realize low‐cost, all organic and flexible composite logic circuits. In the design of n‐type semiconducting materials, tuning the LUMO level of compounds is a key point. As a strong electron withdrawing unit, the introduction of chlorine atom into the chemical structure can increase the electron affinity of the material and reduce the LUMO energy level. Here, a series chlorine substituted N‐heteroacene analogues of 6,7,8,9‐tetrachloro‐4,11‐bis(4‐((2‐ethylhexyl)oxy)phenyl)‐[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐b]phenazine (O4Cl), 6,7,8,9‐tetrachloro‐4,11‐bis(4‐((2‐ethylhexyl)thio)phenyl)‐[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐b]phenazine (S4Cl), 1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11‐octachloro‐6,13‐bis(4‐((2‐ethylhexyl)oxy)phenyl)quinoxalino[2,3‐b]phenazine (8Cl) and 12Cl have been synthesized and characterized. Solution‐processed organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) based on these four compounds exhibit good electron mobilities of 0.04 cm2 V−1 s−1, 0.01 cm2 V−1 s−1, 2×10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 3×10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively, under ambient conditions. The results suggest that these chlorine substituted π‐conjugated N‐heteroacene analogues are promising n‐type semiconductors in OFET applications.
First‐in‐Human Evaluation of Oral Denatonium Acetate (ARD‐101), a Potential Bitter Taste Receptor Agonist: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Phase 1 Trial in Healthy Adults
Authors: Niethammer Andreas G. , Zheng Zhenhuan , Timmer Anjuli , Lee Tien‐Li
Published: May 2022

Preclinical studies in animal models of obesity and inflammation have shown that oral administration of ARD‐101, a potential TAS2R agonist, reduced food intake and body weight and downregulated inflammatory cytokines. We present results from a first‐in‐human phase 1 randomized, placebo‐controlled trial that evaluated safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of single or multiple ascending doses of oral ARD‐101 (40, 100, and 240 mg) in healthy adults. A total of 43 subjects were randomly assigned and dosed to ARD‐101 or placebo with 42 subjects completing the study treatment. ARD‐101 was found to be >99% restricted to the gut with minimal systemic exposure, demonstrated a favorable safety profile, and was well tolerated at all dose levels. Blood samples taken 1 hour after administration showed that subjects dosed with 240 mg of ARD‐101 had elevated circulating levels of several gut peptide hormones. It is postulated that ARD‐101 activates enteroendocrine cells to achieve its effects regulating metabolism and inflammation. The phase 1 clinical results demonstrated safety of ARD‐101 and indicated activation of gut peptide hormone release in healthy adults. Further clinical trials will evaluate ARD‐101 in patients with metabolic and inflammatory disorders.
Origin of Resonant Character in the Electron Impact Two‐Body Neutral‐Fragmentation of Methane
Authors: Sajeev Y. , Davis Daly , Kundu Sramana , Prabhudesai Vaibhav S. , Krishnakumar E.
Published: May 2022

The observation of peaks in the threshold region of two‐body neutral fragmentation of methane molecule, i. e., CH4→CH3+H, by low energy electron (LEE) impact has been an enigma. The prevailing explanation that this resonant behavior is due to excitation energy transfer is unsatisfactory since this process is not expected to show peaks in the cross‐sections unless there is the involvement of electron‐molecule resonances. Our first‐principles calculations now reveal that the observed peaks could be explained as due to the formation of negative ion resonances, which dominantly dissociate into two neutral fragments and a free‐electron. This case of methane is a pointer to the possibility that such reactions contribute significantly to neutral radical production from molecules by LEE impact in comparison to dissociative electron attachment, and in general could play a significant role in electron‐based chemical control.
Identification of Electrochemically Adsorbed Species via Electrochemical Microcalorimetry: Sulfate Adsorption on Au(111)
Authors: Schönig Marco , Frittmann Stefan , Schuster Rolf
Published: May 2022

We investigate compositional changes of an electrochemical interface upon polarization with electrochemical microcalorimetry. From the heat exchanged at a Au(111) electrode upon sulfate adsorption, we determine the reaction entropy of the adsorption process for both neutral and acidic solutions, where the dominant species in solution changes from SO42− to HSO4−. In neutral solution, the reaction entropy is about 40 J mol−1 K−1 more positive than that in acidic solution over the complete sulfate adsorption region. This entropy offset is explicable by a deprotonation step of HSO4− preceding sulfate adsorption in acidic solution, which shows that the adsorbing species is SO4* in both solutions. The observed overall variation of the reaction entropy in the sulfate adsorption region of ca. 80 J mol−1 K−1 indicates significant sulfate‐coverage dependent entropic contributions to the Free Enthalpy of the surface system.
Using quantitative eDNA analyses to accurately estimate American bullfrog abundance and to evaluate management efficacy
Authors: Everts Teun , Van Driessche Charlotte , Neyrinck Sabrina , De Regge Nico , Descamps Sarah , De Vocht Alain , Jacquemyn Hans , Brys Rein
Published: May 2022

Biological invasions contribute now more than ever to the global homogenization of fauna and flora. Large‐scale monitoring programs are, therefore, needed to detect incipient invasions and to evaluate management interventions. As conventional monitoring methods are constrained by large costs, environmental DNA (eDNA)‐based methods are increasingly recognized as valuable monitoring tools. However, accurately estimating species abundance from eDNA concentrations in natural systems remains challenging and consequently hinders their integration in management applications. Here, we used droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) in eDNA surveys to estimate the abundance of invasive American bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus). We first introduced bullfrog tadpoles in natural ponds to assess the relationship between abundances and eDNA concentrations under field conditions. Next, we combined eDNA sampling with fyke netting in naturally colonized ponds to investigate whether bullfrog eDNA concentrations can estimate bullfrog capture success and conventional abundance measures obtained via depletion sampling. Finally, we evaluated eradication measures by comparing bullfrog eDNA concentrations before and after fyke netting. We found a strong linear relationship between the numbers of introduced tadpoles and eDNA concentrations (r2 = 0.988). Bullfrog eDNA concentrations were not only linearly related to the catch‐per‐unit‐effort (r2 = 0.739), but also to conventional abundance estimates (r2 = 0.716), particularly when eDNA concentrations were standardized for pond area (r2 = 0.834) and volume (r2 = 0.888). Bullfrog tadpoles were only captured when eDNA concentrations exceeded 1.5 copies µl−1, indicating that quantitative eDNA analyses enable the localization of breeding ponds. We found a significant reduction in eDNA concentrations after fyke netting proportional to the number of captured bullfrogs. These results demonstrate that eDNA quantification is a reliable tool that accurately estimates bullfrog abundance in natural lentic systems. We show that quantitative eDNA analyses can complement the toolbox of natural resource managers and facilitate the coordination of eradication campaigns targeting alien invasive species.
Circulating levels and prognostic cut‐offs of sST2, hs‐cTnT, and NT‐proBNP in women vs. men with chronic heart failure
Authors: Vergaro Giuseppe , Gentile Francesco , Aimo Alberto , Januzzi James L. , Richards A. Mark , Lam Carolyn S.P. , de Boer Rudolf A. , Meems Laura M.G. , Latini Roberto , Staszewsky Lidia , Anand Inder S. , Cohn Jay N. , Ueland Thor , Gullestad Lars , Aukrust Pål , Brunner‐La Rocca Hans‐Peter , Bayes‐Genis Antoni , Lupón Josep , Yoshihisa Akiomi , Takeishi Yasuchika , Egstrup Michael , Gustafsson Ida , Gaggin Hanna K. , Eggers Kai M. , Huber Kurt , Gamble Greg D. , Ling Lieng H. , Leong Kui Toh Gerard , Yeo Poh Shuah Daniel , Ong Hean Yee , Jaufeerally Fazlur , Ng Tze P. , Troughton Richard , Doughty Robert N. , Devlin Gerry , Lund Mayanna , Giannoni Alberto , Passino Claudio , Emdin Michele
Published: May 2022

Aims

To define plasma concentrations, determinants, and optimal prognostic cut‐offs of soluble suppression of tumorigenesis‐2 (sST2), high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs‐cTnT), and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) in women and men with chronic heart failure (HF).

Methods and results

Individual data of patients from the Biomarkers In Heart Failure Outpatient Study (BIOS) Consortium with sST2, hs‐cTnT, and NT‐proBNP measured were analysed. The primary endpoint was a composite of 1 year cardiovascular death and HF hospitalization. The secondary endpoints were 5 year cardiovascular and all‐cause death. The cohort included 4540 patients (age 67 ± 12 years, left ventricular ejection fraction 33 ± 13%, 1111 women, 25%). Women showed lower sST2 (24 vs. 27 ng/mL, P < 0.001) and hs‐cTnT level (15 vs. 20 ng/L, P < 0.001), and similar concentrations of NT‐proBNP (1540 vs. 1505 ng/L, P = 0.408). Although the three biomarkers were confirmed as independent predictors of outcome in both sexes, the optimal prognostic cut‐off was lower in women for sST2 (28 vs. 31 ng/mL) and hs‐cTnT (22 vs. 25 ng/L), while NT‐proBNP cut‐off was higher in women (2339 ng/L vs. 2145 ng/L). The use of sex‐specific cut‐offs improved risk prediction compared with the use of previously standardized prognostic cut‐offs and allowed to reclassify the risk of many patients, to a greater extent in women than men, and for hs‐cTnT than sST2 or NT‐proBNP. Specifically, up to 18% men and up to 57% women were reclassified, by using the sex‐specific cut‐off of hs‐cTnT for the endpoint of 5 year cardiovascular death.

Conclusions

In patients with chronic HF, concentrations of sST2 and hs‐cTnT, but not of NT‐proBNP, are lower in women. Lower sST2 and hs‐cTnT and higher NT‐proBNP cut‐offs for risk stratification could be used in women.
Intracerebral bleeding in donors is associated with reduced short‐term to midterm survival of heart transplant recipients
Authors: Oehler Daniel , Immohr Moritz Benjamin , Erbel‐Khurtsidze Sophia , Aubin Hug , Bruno Raphael Romano , Holst Hans Torulv , Westenfeld Ralf , Horn Patrick , Kelm Malte , Tudorache Igor , Akhyari Payam , Lichtenberg Artur , Boeken Udo
Published: May 2022

Aim

The quality of the donor heart is known to have a crucial effect on outcome after heart transplantation (HTx). Although leading to brain death in the end, the initial cause of death of the donor and its potential influences on organ quality are heterogeneous. However, it is still controversial to which extent the donor cause of death is associated with outcome or survival post‐HTx.

Methods and results

We included all patients undergoing HTx in our centre between September 2010 and June 2021 (n = 218). Recipients were divided in five groups related to their donor cause of death: intracerebral bleeding (‘ICB’, n = 95, 44%), traumatic brain injury (‘trauma’, n = 54, 25%), hypoxic brain damage (‘hypoxic’, n = 34, 16%), cerebrovascular (‘vascular’, n = 15, 7%), or other cause (n = 20, 9%). Baseline characteristics, perioperative parameters, and survival after 30 and 90 days as well as 5 years after transplantation were collected.

Results

Intracerebral bleeding in donors compared with traumatic brain injury is associated with higher probability of need for ECLS post‐HTx (35% vs. 19%, P = 0.04) and significantly reduced survival up to 5 years post‐HTx (i.e. 1 year survival: 61% vs. 95%, P < 0.0001). Although other conditions also show significant changes in outcome and survival, the effect is strongest for ICB, where survival is also reduced compared with all other causes (1 year: 61% vs. 89%, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

In this retrospective analysis, donor cause of death is associated with differing outcome and survival after HTx. Intracerebral bleeding hereby shows strongest decline in outcome and survival in comparison with all other causes.
Incidence and risk factors for pacemaker implantation in light‐chain and transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Porcari Aldostefano , Rossi Maddalena , Cappelli Francesco , Canepa Marco , Musumeci Beatrice , Cipriani Alberto , Tini Giacomo , Barbati Giulia , Varrà Guerino Giuseppe , Morelli Cristina , Fumagalli Carlo , Zampieri Mattia , Argirò Alessia , Vianello Pier Filippo , Sessarego Eugenio , Russo Domitilla , Sinigiani Giulio , De Michieli Laura , Di Bella Gianluca , Autore Camillo , Perfetto Federico , Rapezzi Claudio , Sinagra Gianfranco , Merlo Marco
Published: May 2022

Aims

The incidence and risk factors of pacemaker (PM) implantation in patients with cardiac amyloidosis (CA) are largely unexplored. We sought to characterize the trends in the incidence of permanent PM and to identify baseline predictors of future PM implantation in light‐chain (AL) and transthyretin (ATTR) CA.

Methods and results

Consecutive patients with AL and ATTR‐CA diagnosed at participating centres (2017–2020) were included. Clinical data recorded within ±1 month from diagnosis were collected from electronic medical records. The primary study outcome was the need for clinically‐indicated PM implantation. Patients with PM (n = 41) and/or permanent defibrillator in situ (n = 13) at CA diagnosis were excluded. The study population consisted of 405 patients: 29.4% AL, 14.6% variant ATTR and 56% wild‐type ATTR; 82.5% were male, median age 76 years. During a median follow‐up of 33 months (interquartile range 21–46), 36 (8.9%) patients experienced the primary outcome: 10 AL‐CA, 2 variant ATTR‐CA and 24 wild‐type ATTR‐CA (p = 0.08 at time‐to‐event analysis). At multivariable analysis, history of atrial fibrillation (hazard ratio [HR] 3.80, p = 0.002), PR interval (HR 1.013, p = 0.002) and QRS >120 ms (HR 4.7, p = 0.001) on baseline electrocardiogram were independently associated with PM implantation. The absence of these three factors had a negative predictive value of 92% with an area under the curve of 91.8% at 6 months.

Conclusion

In a large cohort of AL and ATTR‐CA patients, 8.9% received a PM within 3 years after diagnosis. History of atrial fibrillation, PR >200 ms and QRS >120 ms predicted future PM implantation.
Azolate‐Based Osmium(II) Complexes with Luminescence Spanning Visible and Near Infrared Region
Authors: Zhou Fan , Gu Muhua , Chi Yun
Published: May 2022

Mononuclear osmium(II) complexes bearing azolate chromophoric chelates constituted a new class of emitters that are isoelectronic to the iridium(III) complexes, i. e., all with low‐spin d6 electronic configuration. The high reactivity of azole toward the osmium reagent Os3(CO)12 via N−H oxidative addition gives eventual formation of various mononuclear osmium(II) complexes showing bright emission ranging from sky‐blue to near infrared. Tuning of luminescence was executed by variation of the nature and π‐conjugation of chelates, as well as changing the metal‐based electron density by further ligand substitution. One important result is the successful isolation of two classes of NIR emissive osmium(II) complexes; those with the ligand‐to‐ligand charge transfer process at the excited state seems to be less efficient than those facilitated by the distinctive intra‐ligand charge transfer process. In addition, fabrication and characterization of OLED devices were elaborated, confirming their potential to serve as efficient saturated‐red and NIR phosphors.
An Efficient and Practical Construction of S−N Bond from Aryl Thioureas and Amines under Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Hu Zhi‐Chao , Wu Yue‐Xiao , Ye Lei , Cui Jing‐Jing , Dong Zhi‐Bing
Published: May 2022

An efficient and practical construction of S−N bond from aryl thioureas and amines under mild and metal‐free conditions is reported. A series of sulfenamides was obtained smoothly from aryl thioureas and amines (mainly secondary amines) through cross dehydrogenation coupling reaction (CDC) in the presence of phenyliodine(III) diacetate. The protocol features easily available starting materials, easy and odorless performance, mild reaction conditions, good yields, and a broad substrate scope, illustrating its synthetic value for the synthesis of diverse biologically or pharmaceutically relevant compounds.
Imidazole Backbone Functionalization with Olefin Cross‐Metathesis
Authors: Angelucci Francesco , Cirillo Davide , Bjørsvik Hans‐René
Published: May 2022

A selective and high‐rate Ru‐catalyzed cross‐metathesis reaction of alkenes with vinylimidazole is disclosed. Cross‐metathesis is known to operate less efficiently on N‐heterocycles, but through optimization by means of statistical experimental design and multiple regression, optimal reaction conditions were identified that allowed for consistent high‐yields without the need of overly complicated set‐ups or additives. The method was tested on a series of terminal alkene reagents with a variety of different functional groups and it provides the corresponding target molecules in good to high yields.
Interlaboratory Study of Polyethylene and Polydimethylsiloxane Polymeric Samplers for Ex Situ Measurement of Freely Dissolved Hydrophobic Organic Compounds in Sediment Porewater
Authors: Lotufo Guilherme R. , Michalsen Mandy M. , Reible Danny D. , Gschwend Philip M. , Ghosh Upal , Kennedy Alan J. , Kerns Kristen M. , Rakowska Magdalena I. , Odetayo Adesewa , MacFarlane John K. , Yan Songjing , Bokare Mandar
Published: May 2022

We evaluated the precision and accuracy of multilaboratory measurements for determining freely dissolved concentrations (Cfree) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediment porewater using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) polymeric samplers. Four laboratories exposed performance reference compound (PRC) preloaded polymers to actively mixed and static ex situ sediment for approximately 1 month; two laboratories had longer exposures (2 and 3 months). For Cfree results, intralaboratory precision was high for single compounds (coefficient of variation 50% or less), and for most PAHs and PCBs interlaboratory variability was low (magnitude of difference was a factor of 2 or less) across polymers and exposure methods. Variability was higher for the most hydrophobic PAHs and PCBs, which were present at low concentrations and required larger PRC-based corrections, and also for naphthalene, likely due to differential volatilization losses between laboratories. Overall, intra- and interlaboratory variability between methods (PDMS vs. LDPE, actively mixed vs. static exposures) was low. The results that showed Cfree polymer equilibrium was achieved in approximately 1 month during active exposures, suggesting that the use of PRCs may be avoided for ex situ analysis using comparable active exposure; however, such ex situ testing may not reflect field conditions. Polymer-derived Cfree concentrations for most PCBs and PAHs were on average within a factor of 2 compared with concentrations in isolated porewater, which were directly measured by one laboratory; difference factors of up to 6 were observed for naphthalene and the most hydrophobic PAHs and PCBs. The Cfree results were similar for academic and private sector laboratories. The accuracy and precision that we demonstrate for determination of Cfree using polymer sampling are anticipated to increase regulatory acceptance and confidence in use of the method. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1885–1902. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Suspect Screening and Chemical Profile Analysis of Storm-Water Runoff Following 2017 Wildfires in Northern California
Authors: Wang Miaomiao , Kinyua Juliet , Jiang Ting , Sedlak Meg , McKee Lester J. , Fadness Richard , Sutton Rebecca , Park June-Soo
Published: May 2022

The combustion of structures and household materials as well as firefighting during wildfires lead to releases of potentially hazardous chemicals directly into the landscape. Subsequent storm-water runoff events can transport wildfire-related contaminants to downstream receiving waters, where they may pose water quality concerns. To evaluate the environmental hazards of northern California fires on the types of contaminants in storm water discharging to San Francisco Bay and the coastal marine environment, we analyzed storm water collected after the northern California wildfires (October 2017) using a nontargeted analytical (NTA) approach. Liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometric analysis was completed on storm-water samples (n = 20) collected from Napa County (impacted by the Atlas and Nuns fires), the city of Santa Rosa, and Sonoma County (Nuns and Tubbs fires) during storm events that occurred in November 2017 and January 2018. The NTA approach enabled us to establish profiles of contaminants based on peak intensities and chemical categories found in the storm-water samples and to prioritize significant chemicals within these profiles possibly attributed to the wildfire. The results demonstrated the presence of a wide range of contaminants in the storm water, including surfactants, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, and chemicals from consumer and personal care products. Homologs of polyethylene glycol were found to be the major contributor to the contaminants, followed by other widely used surfactants. Nonylphenol ethoxylates, typically used as surfactants, were detected and were much higher in samples collected after Storm Event 1 relative to Storm Event 2. The present study provides a comprehensive approach for examining wildfire-impacted storm-water contamination of related contaminants, of which we found many with potential ecological risk. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1824–1837. © 2022 SETAC
Caregiving concerns and clinical characteristics across neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular disorders in the Ontario neurodegenerative disease research initiative
Authors: Beaton Derek , McLaughlin Paula M. , Orange Joseph B. , Munoz Douglas P. , Mandzia Jennifer , Abrahao Agessandro , Binns Malcolm A. , Black Sandra E. , Borrie Michael , Dowlatshahi Dar , Freedman Morris , Fischer Corinne E. , Finger Elizabeth C. , Frank Andrew , Grimes David , Hassan Ayman , Kumar Sanjeev , Lang Anthony Edward , Levine Brian , Marras Connie , Masellis Mario , Pollock Bruce G. , Rajji Tarek K. , Ramirez Joel , Sahlas Demetrios J. , Saposnik Gustavo , Scott Christopher J. M. , Seitz Dallas P. , Strother Stephen C. , Sunderland Kelly M. , Tan Brian , Tang‐Wai David F. , Troyer Angela K. , Turnbull John , Zinman Lorne , Swartz Richard H. , Tartaglia Maria Carmela , Breen David P. , Kwan Donna , Roberts Angela C. , the ONDRI Investigators
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Caregiving burdens are a substantial concern in the clinical care of persons with neurodegenerative disorders. In the Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative, we used the Zarit's Burden Interview (ZBI) to examine: (1) the types of burdens captured by the ZBI in a cross‐disorder sample of neurodegenerative conditions (2) whether there are categorical or disorder‐specific effects on caregiving burdens, and (3) which demographic, clinical, and cognitive measures are related to burden(s) in neurodegenerative disorders?

Methods/Design

N = 504 participants and their study partners (e.g., family, friends) across: Alzheimer's disease/mild cognitive impairment (AD/MCI; n = 120), Parkinson's disease (PD; n = 136), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; n = 38), frontotemporal dementia (FTD; n = 53), and cerebrovascular disease (CVD; n = 157). Study partners provided information about themselves, and information about the clinical participants (e.g., activities of daily living (ADL)). We used Correspondence Analysis to identify types of caregiving concerns in the ZBI. We then identified relationships between those concerns and demographic and clinical measures, and a cognitive battery.

Results

We found three components in the ZBI. The first was “overall burden” and was (1) strongly related to increased neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPI severity r = 0.586, NPI distress r = 0.587) and decreased independence in ADL (instrumental ADLs r = −0.566, basic ADLs r = −0.43), (2) moderately related to cognition (MoCA r = −0.268), and (3) showed little‐to‐no differences between disorders. The second and third components together showed four types of caregiving concerns: current care of the person with the neurodegenerative disease, future care of the person with the neurodegenerative disease, personal concerns of study partners, and social concerns of study partners.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the experience of caregiving in neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases is individualized and is not defined by diagnostic categories. Our findings highlight the importance of targeting ADL and neuropsychiatric symptoms with caregiver‐personalized solutions.
Deficits in rate of force production during multifinger tasks are associated with cognitive status
Authors: Carson Richard G. , Holton Eimíle
Published: May 2022

Objectives

The multifinger force deficit (MFFD) is the decline in force generated by an individual finger as the number of fingers contributing to the action is increased. It has been proposed that as a measure of neural sufficiency rather than muscle status, it provides a means of detecting individuals at risk of cognitive decline. Age‐related deficits in central neural drive exert a disproportionate impact on the rate at which force can be generated. We examined whether a MFFD derived from the maximum rate at which force is generated, is more sensitive to individual differences in cognitive status, than one calculated using the maximum level of force.

Methods

Monotonic associations between each of two variants of the MFFD, and cognition (measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment), were estimated cross sectionally using generalized partial rank correlations, in which age, level of education and degree of handedness were included as covariates. The participants (n=26) were community dwelling adults aged 66‐87.

Results

The MFFD derived using the maximum rate of force development was negatively associated with cognitive status. The association for the MFFD based on the maximum level of force, was not statistically reliable. The associations with cognitive status obtained for both variants of the MFFD were of greater magnitude than those reported previously for standard grip strength dynamometry.

Conclusion

The sensitivity with which the MFFD detects risk of cognitive decline may be enhanced by using the maximum rate of force developed by each finger, rather than the maximum force generated by each finger.
(RE)Imagining and (RE)Calibrating community engagement professionals’ roles in higher education
Authors: Farmer‐Hanson Ashley J. , Echols Melisa A. , Nelson Mark S. , Manning‐Ouellette Amber
Published: May 2022

Civic learning and democratic engagement (CLDE) work has become a central piece of higher education's mission, woven in daily tasks. This chapter explores how the community engagement professional (CEP) role can be reimagined across institutions and the opportunities, challenges, and next steps for moving forward. The strategic positioning of CEP's roles within the institution, provides opportunity and crucial pathways for college student development. Higher education has the opportunity to change national discourse on CLDE work and model how institutions play a significant role in building a democratic society.
Building sustainable civic learning and democratic engagement goals for the future
Authors: Noble Donnette , Kniffin Lori E.
Published: May 2022

This concluding chapter identifies the key shifts in CLDE by weaving together CLDE's roots, progress, and contemporary concerns. It becomes apparent that CLDE is in a time of transition; yet, the authors highlight two models that have balanced tradition and innovation. Additionally, there are three important orientations to CLDE work that will help in recalibrating how we think about, approach, and evaluate CLDE goals: (1) adaptive leadership for addressing the wicked problems of the 21st century, (2) boundary spanning for CLDE goal setting to create work that is both relevant and sustainable, and (3) critical theory and the necessity to embrace disciplinary viewpoints with the common goal of ensuring the viability of CLDE into a future yet to be imagined. The authors conclude by challenging CLDE professionals to consider setting goals for CLDE work through the prism of these three concepts to recalibrate CLDE for a stronger, sustainable future.
Gasdermin D–mediated pyroptosis suppresses liver regeneration after 70% partial hepatectomy
Authors: Lv Xingyu , Chen Jiang , He Jiayan , Hou Lidan , Ren Yiyue , Shen Xiaoyun , Wang Yifan , Ji Tong , Cai Xiujun
Published: May 2022

Pyroptosis is a kind of programmed cell death primarily mediated by gasdermin D (GSDMD) and shown to regulate multiple diseases. However, its contribution to liver regeneration, a fine‐tuned tissue repair process mediated primarily by hepatocytes after mass loss, remains unclear. Herein, we found that caspase‐11/GSDMD‐mediated pyroptosis was activated in regenerating liver after 70% partial hepatectomy. Impeding pyroptosis by deleting GSDMD significantly reduced liver injury and accelerated liver regeneration. Mechanistically, GSDMD deficiency up‐regulates the activation of hepatocyte growth factor/c‐Met and epidermal growth factor receptor mitogenic pathways at the initiation phase. Moreover, activin A and glypican 3 (GPC3), two terminators of liver regeneration, were inhibited when GSDMD was absent. In vitro study suggested the expressions of activin A and GPC3 were induced by interleukin (IL)–1β and IL‐18, whose maturations were regulated by GSDMD‐mediated pyroptosis. Similarly, pharmacologically inhibiting GSDMD recapitulates these phenomena. Conclusion: This study characterizes the role of GSDMD‐mediated pyroptosis in liver regeneration and lays the foundation for enhancing liver restoration by targeting GSDMD in liver patients with impaired regenerative capacity.
An exploratory study on the mechanism of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction in the treatment of neuropathic pain
Authors: Luo Bo‐Yan , Zhou Hong‐Su , Xiao Qiu‐Xia , He Yu‐Qi
Published: May 2022

Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction (HGWD) has a definite effect on neuropathic pain (NP), whereas the specific mechanism has not been elucidated. The components and targets in HGWD were collected and identified through System Pharmacology Database (Traditional Chinese Medicine Database and Analysis Platform). Genecards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man databases were used to search for NP‐related genes. The Venn diagram was drawn to get the intersection target. Cytoscape 3.8.0 software was used to construct the compound‐disease‐target‐pathway networks. STRING database was applied to analyze protein–protein interaction of potential targets. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses were used to identify the function of genes related to NP. Finally, molecular docking was performed to visualize the binding mode and affinity between proteins and active ingredients. According to the intersection target of the Venn diagram, the network graph is constructed by Cytoscape and the results show the five compounds, β‐sitosterol, (+)‐catechin, quercetin, Stigmasterol, kaempferol, and 15 genes (CASP3, FOS, GSK3B, HSP90AA1, IKBKB, IL6, MAPK8, RELA, ICAM1, SELE, ELK1, HSPB1, PRKACA, PRKCA, RAF1) were highly correlated with NP. KEGG and GO of 15 genes results that TNF, IL‐17 and MAPK signaling pathway were Significantly related to the pathological mechanism of NP. Molecular docking showed that core genes in this network were IL‐6 (TNF and IL‐17 signaling pathways), ICAM1 (TNF signaling pathway), and CASP3 (three signal pathways). This study found that the five active compounds, three core genes, and three signaling pathways may be the key to the treatment of NP by HGWD.
As long as you are self‐compassionate, you will never walk alone. The interplay between self‐compassion and rejection sensitivity in predicting loneliness
Authors: Borawski Dominik , Nowak Adrianna
Published: May 2022

Research shows that one of the key predictors of loneliness is cognitive–affective attitude towards oneself. Until recently, researchers' interest in this area was focused mainly on self‐esteem. Lately, however, researchers looking for the antecedents of loneliness turned their attention to a different self‐attitude variable—namely, self‐compassion. The aim of the current study was to extend the existing research on the self‐compassion–loneliness link by investigating rejection sensitivity as a potential underlying mechanism and moderator of the relationship between these variables. A sample of 204 participants from Poland, aged 18–70 years (M = 28.36, SD = 9.19), completed a set of three questionnaires: the Self‐Compassion Scale—Short Form, the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, and the Adult Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire. The study revealed that rejection sensitivity was both a mediator and a moderator between self‐compassion and loneliness. These results are discussed in the context of the cognitive‐affective mechanisms of loneliness and the protective functions of self‐compassion.