bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An empirical study on the impact of corporate social responsibility in the manufacturing and service sector in India
Authors: Gujrati Priyanka
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This study aims to understand the corporate social responsibility (CSR) perspective of the employees working in manufacturing sector and service sector and further investigates whether there is any significant difference in their opinion on the basis of their gender and their hierarchical position in the organization.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 300 employees of manufacturing and service sector companies have participated in this study. To test the hypotheses, the researcher has used two-way ANOVA, with diagrammatic presentation with the help of SPSS.

Findings

The results showed that there was a non-significant effect of gender on the perceived impact of CSR and employees at various level of hierarchy perceived the impact differently by the type of companies in which they work. Specifically, there was significant difference in the perceived impact for officers, managers and assistant managers in manufacturing and service sector, whereas for executives, the perceived impact varied significantly in manufacturing and service sector.

Research limitations/implications

This study has analysed the perception of 300 employees including the employees of the manufacturing and service sectors. Also, the analysis is based on two demographic variables, i.e. gender and hierarchical level which may be considered as the limitation of the study.

Practical implications

The major contribution of this study is the fact that the employees have similar kind of opinion for the efforts and initiatives taken by their companies for CSR practices. The work culture, corporate ethics, managerial support and sectorial priorities do not have much influence on the employees in terms of CSR. However, the employee’s opinion may change after reaching to higher position in organization.

Originality/value

This study is totally unique in nature. As per the researcher’s knowledge, no documented study is available that investigates the CSR perspective of employees from two major sectors, i.e. manufacturing and service sector that validates this study.
Journalistic ethics and elections news coverage in the Ghanaian press: a content analysis of two daily Ghanaian newspaper coverage of election 2020
Authors: Amadu Mohammed Faisal , Mumuni Eliasu , Chentiba Ahmed Taufique
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This study investigates the incidence of ethical violations in the Ghanaian press which has become topical in the wake of misinformation in a charged political atmosphere. Public interest institutions have questioned the unprofessional conduct of journalists covering election campaigns in recent years. This study content analysed political stories from two leading Ghanaian newspapers (Daily Graphic and Daily Guide) to determine the nature and extent of ethical violations, and to examine the level of prominence accorded to political news stories by the two dailies.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper relied on qualitative content analysis for data gathering and analysis. A total of 387 political news items published between 1 October and 30 November 2020, were analysed.

Findings

This study found infractions of various nature to Article 1 of the Ghana Journalists Association (GJA) codes of ethics, chief among which is the deliberate publications of news stories without cross-checking facts. Other infractions to Articles 17, 11, 6 and 5 of the GJA codes of ethics were observed. Political news coverage favours the governing New Patriotic Party (NPP) and the main opposition National Democratic Congress (NDC) than any other parties, with the two parties (NPP-NDC) given greater prominence and salience by the Ghanaian press.

Originality/value

The research makes a modest contribution to the growing concern of journalism ethics in an increasing ecology of fake news.
Reflective monitoring as an iterative process in clinical teaching: lessons from online undergraduate psychiatry teaching during COVID-19
Authors: Mateos Rodriguez Irene , Syed Saba , Wilkinson Paul , Tulinius Charlotte
Published: October 2022

Purpose

During the COVID-19 outbreak, clinical schools across the UK were forced to switch their learning from face-to-face to online platforms. This paper aims to describe the experiences of psychiatry teachers and medical students at Cambridge University of the online psychiatry case-based tutorials during the COVID-19 outbreak and the lessons learned from this implementation.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted qualitative focus groups with students followed by in-depth individual interviews with students and teachers.

Findings

In a data-led systematic text condensation analysis, this study found seven themes: the COVID-19 context, the structure of the course, teachers’ educational ethos, beyond the (teaching) script, possibilities for learning or teaching reflective practice, attitudes to online learning and suggestions for future development. The authors then applied the normalisation process theory (NPT) as the theoretical frame of reference. This model has previously been applied to the implementation of telemedicine in psychiatry, to understand how new technology can become embedded in clinical care.

Originality/value

This study’s results show how the NPT model can be modified to support the delivery of medical education online, including reflective learning and practice as an iterative process at every stage of the implementation and delivery of the teaching.
Flirting in service encounters: does the server’s sex matter?
Authors: Seger-Guttmann Tali , Medler-Liraz Hana
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Scholars have acknowledged gender-role ideology as a central factor in flirting style. This study aims to exam the combined effect of flirting type and flirter's sex on positive and adverse customer reactions.

Design/methodology/approach

In Study 1, participants (N = 555) were divided into four scenario conditions in a 2 × 2 between-subjects experimental design: server sex (male vs female) and flirting type (authentic vs fake). Study 1 scenarios explored positive customer outcomes (i.e. loyalty and tip size). Study 2 applied the same research design, presenting participants (N = 404) scenarios relating to negative outcomes (i.e. anger and sense of threat).

Findings

The findings revealed that the flirter’s sex significantly moderated the relationship between flirting type and customers’ (the targets’) reactions.

Originality/value

This research offers three primary contributions. First, it elaborates on the dynamics of flirting in service settings (i.e. face-to-face interactions between the service provider and customer). Second, as the effects of flirting on its targets have been reported as equivocal (perceived as pleasing and flattering or, in contrast, annoying, deceptive and misleading), this study explores its positive and negative customer-related outcomes. Third, the study seeks to better understand the impact of a flirting service employee’s sex on customers’ outcomes.
Role of corporate governance in asset quality of banks: comparison between government-owned and private banks
Authors: Gupta Prashant Kumar , Sharma Seema
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This paper compares the impact of corporate governance determinants of asset quality between India’s public and private sector banks. The article identifies which corporate governance determinant is better utilized between the two sectors. The findings empower the banking regulatory authorities and individual bank administrators to handle asset quality in a better manner through a robust corporate governance framework. The study’s findings are also helpful for other nations to make informed judgments by countries with economic relations with India.

Design/methodology/approach

The article uses a dynamic panel data analysis method on novel data to achieve the purpose of this article. Using the General Method of Moments, the authors analyze 21 public and 24 private sector banks. The data used in this study span over a decade from 2010 to 2019.

Findings

According to the estimates, there is a significant difference in the impact made by corporate governance determinants on public sector banks vis-à-vis private sector banks. The results find that while board size has a greater impact on the asset quality of private banks, board independence has a lesser impact. Gender diversity contributes to more reduction of NPAs in private banks. The article also concludes that public banks perform better in the utilization of audit committee while private banks are better at using board meetings, CEO duality and ownership concentration.

Originality/value

Several papers have identified the determinants of asset quality in banks in various nations. However, to the authors' knowledge, none of the papers has identified the difference in the impact of corporate governance determinants between India’s public and private sector banks separately. This article is the first to do so.
Sustainability initiatives, development and well-being: understanding linkages in tourism
Authors: Meera S. , Vinodan A.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This study aims to understand the linkage among sustainability initiatives (SIs), community development (CD) and community well-being (CW) in tourism.

Design/methodology/approach

The exploratory sequential methodology consists of expert interviews, a questionnaire survey and the model verified with analysis of moment structures 22.

Findings

This study shows that the direct relationship between community-level SIs and CD and CW is significant and positive. The direct relationship between CD and CW is significant and positive. CD partially mediates the relationship between community-level SIs and CW in Indigenous tourism business operations.

Research limitations/implications

This study assumes significance in developing Indigenous tourism destinations and calls for an integrated development strategy at the community level to enhance CW. This study provides a path for examining the contribution of grassroots-level sustainable business initiatives, their development and the community’s well-being. This study was confined to protected area-based destinations and focused on CD and well-being as a result of local-level SIs.

Practical implications

This study extends the scope for further research in measuring other perceived linkages of SIs with Indigenous community’s quality of life.

Social implications

This study provides a path for examining the contribution of grassroots-level sustainable business initiatives and their development contributions and the ‘community’s well-being.

Originality/value

This exploratory research examining the relationship among community-level SIs, CD and CW hitherto unexplored in tourism among grassroot-level communities.
Sustainability as a building block for tourism – future research: Tourism Agenda 2030
Authors: Alonso-Muñoz Sara , Torrejón-Ramos María , Medina-Salgado María-Sonia , González-Sánchez Rocío
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the state-of-the-art about sustainable tourism. Despite the significant growth of publications exploring sustainable tourism, the debate on the relationship between tourism and sustainability remains open. In addition, the sector faces the challenge of the 2030 Agenda, as the authors have not yet managed to curb environmental degradation and social disparities. This research needs to be comprehensively addressed to inform future steps and to identify sustainable tourism practices that will advance the goals of this action plan.

Design/methodology/approach

This study applies a mixed methodology, using a bibliometric analysis performed by VOSviewer and SciMat software of 311 articles from the Web of Science. In addition, it includes an in-depth analysis of trending research topics in the field during 2019 and 2020.

Findings

After 20 years of research on sustainable tourism, there is still significant dispersion of studied topics, frameworks and applications. The results show the evolution of research towards the study and measurement of sustainable change, social and cultural aspects and the development of responsible governance models.

Research limitations/implications

New stakeholder relationships models require a methodological and technological framework. Further progress in sustainable tourism guided by the 2030 Agenda demands the establishment of worldwide recognised measurement indicators and policy frameworks.

Originality/value

With a mixed methodological approach and a special focus on the sustainable development goals (SDGs), this paper provides a “state-of-the-art” update to sustainability research in tourism. The results obtained have been associated with their contribution to achieving SDGs.
The effect of Airbnb announcements on hotel stock prices
Authors: Teitler‐Regev Sharon , Tavor Tchai
Published: October 2022

The sharing economy model that was developed in the last decade has a major effect on a different aspect of life. The purpose of this research is to test the effect of a sharing economy product on its competitors. Specifically, this study used the event study approach to examine how Airbnb announcements affected hotel stock prices. To accomplish this goal, we used 180 Airbnb announcements to investigate the general effect of Airbnb, and the effects according to the type of announcement and the type of audience. The findings indicate that general Airbnb announcements have a negative effect on the hotel stock prices. In addition, investors respond negatively to positive announcements but not to neutral ones. Finally, announcements targeting young people have no effect on the stock prices of hotel companies, while the effect of announcements targeting families lasts the longest. We also explored investment strategies for general investors and those with inside information. We suggest that general investors short sell the stock on the day of the news announcement. Investors with inside information should short sell the stock a few days before the day of the news announcement. In both cases, investors should close their positions a few days later depending on the type of announcement.
Proper distance in the age of social distancing: Hepatitis C treatment, telehealth and questions of care and responsibility
Authors: Shaw Frances , Fomiatti Renae , Farrugia Adrian , Fraser Suzanne
Published: October 2022

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, telehealth has played a prominent role in the treatment of hepatitis C. As part of a qualitative study on the accessibility and effectiveness of telehealth for hepatitis C treatment during this period in Australia, this article considers how health‐care practitioners and patients experience and manage their proximity to each other in telehealth encounters of care. Comparisons between telehealth and in‐person health‐care tend to focus on measures of patient satisfaction rather than qualitative changes in treatment relationships. Media scholar Silverstone (Digital media revisited: Theoretical and conceptual innovations in digital domains, MIT Press, 2003) uses the term ‘proper distance’ to theorise how ethical relationships are mediated by technology. Drawing on this concept, we explore how patients and health‐care practitioners understand telehealth as affecting distance and proximity. We find that both groups express some ambivalence about the impact of telehealth on relationships, on the one hand expecting and privileging simple, transactional relationships, and on the other hand, expressing concerns about the loss of more intimate relationships in health care and about ‘missing something’ while providing health care. Given that proximity is important to the development of ethical relationships in health care, we conclude with some considerations for establishing and sustaining attentive and responsive relationships in telehealth.
Debtholder Stewardship
Authors: Gomtsian Suren
Published: October 2022

Debtholder stewardship refers to the involvement of corporate creditors in a firm's governance framework with the aim of improving corporate decision‐making. This article develops the theory of debtholder stewardship by identifying the mechanisms of debtholder influence, assessing their effectiveness in modern capital markets, and outlining the implications of this analysis for investor stewardship and regulatory efforts to support it. The impetus of this study is the expansion of the UK Stewardship Code across a broader range of asset classes, stewardship activities, and topics. The code has moved away from the traditional focus on shareholders by adding investors in other assets to the list of the stewards of corporate activities. Also, the revised concept of stewardship covers broader topics, including environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors. But our understanding of debtholder stewardship, especially on sustainability matters, is inadequate. This article explains whether corporate creditors, both public and private, can promote responsible business practices through the stewardship of borrowers.
Ultrasound‐assisted production of alcoholic beverages: From fermentation and sterilization to extraction and aging
Authors: Gavahian Mohsen , Manyatsi Thabani Sydney , Morata Antonio , Tiwari Brijesh K.
Published: October 2022

Ultrasound is sound waves above 20 kHz that can be used as a nonthermal ‘‘green’’ technology for agri‐food processing. It has a cavitation effect, causing bubbles to form and collapse rapidly as they travel through the medium during ultrasonication. Therefore, it inactivates microorganisms and enzymes through cell membrane disruption with physicochemical and sterilization effects on foods or beverages. This emerging technology has been explored in wineries to improve wine color, taste, aroma, and phenolic profile. This paper aims to comprehensively review the research on ultrasound applications in the winery and alcoholic beverages industry, discuss the impacts of this process on the physicochemical properties of liquors, the benefits involved, and the research needed in this area. Studies have shown that ultrasonic technology enhances wine maturation, improves wine fermentation, accelerates wine aging, and deactivates microbes while enhancing quality, as observed with better critical aging markers such as phenolic compounds and color intensity. Besides, ultrasound enhances phytochemical, physicochemical, biological, and organoleptic properties of alcoholic beverages. For example, this technology increased anthocyanin in red wine by 50%. It also enhanced the production rate by decreasing the aging time by more than 90%. Ultrasound can be considered an economically viable technology that may contribute to wineries’ waste valorization, resource efficiency improvement, and industry profit enhancement. Despite numerous publications and successful industrial applications discussed in this paper, ultrasound up‐scaling and applications for other types of liquors need further efforts.
Identification of surface dyeing agents of two bookbinding leathers from 19th‐century Qajar, Iran, using LC–MS, μXRF and FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Koochakzaei Alireza , Mallakpour Shadpour
Published: October 2022

Identifying tanning and dyeing agents of historical leathers is one of the less studied subjects. Therefore, this study aims to distinguish the surface dyeing agent of historical leathers along with the tanning agents. It helps to better understand the leather‐making process of past centuries. For this purpose, two Iranian historical bookbinding leathers belonging to the Qajar era were investigated. The tannins were examined by ferric spot test and ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy after being extracted from the leather corium layer. ATR‐FTIR and μXRF spectroscopy were also used to study the characteristics of the leathers' surface, in both grain and corium layers. LC–MS was also used to analyze the extracts taken from the surface of the leather samples. The results showed the corium layer of leathers has a significant number of hydrolysable tannins, especially gallotannins, as tanning agents. The characteristics of their FTIR spectra are significantly similar to those of sumac. LC–MS results showed the presence of ellagic acid, as an indicator analyte, on the surface of the leathers. It indicates that tannin‐rich plants, such as oak, have been used for dyeing these leathers. Investigation of the structural properties of the grain and corium layers also revealed the accumulation of copper and iron on the surface of the leathers. Accordingly, copper and iron, which reacted with tannins to give a black color, were the main dyeing factor used in both historical leather samples.
Beached swords from Marano Lagoon (northern Adriatic) reveal ancient land–sea connections and recent coastal evolution
Authors: Vinci Giacomo , Fontana Alessandro , Musina Giorgia , Mancini Lucia , Lubritto Carmine , Liccioli Lucia , Bernardini Federico
Published: October 2022

Depositional and erosional processes, subsidence and sea‐level changes have strongly modified the coastal landscape of northern Adriatic lagoons. Such rapid transformations have induced significant consequences on human settlements and, thus, on the archaeological visibility of the area, still largely unexplored. We present here six metal swords fortuitously retrieved by fishermen over the last decades in front of the barrier islands of Marano Lagoon (north‐eastern Italy). Multi‐analytical analyses carried out on the artefacts (X‐ray radiography and computed micro‐tomography, radiocarbon dating and typo‐chronology) combined with the study of the coastal paleo‐environment (mainly based on historical cartography and remote sensing) allowed the items’ main features to be defined, and highlighted both the historical importance of the area and the significant morphological changes that have occurred there over the last millennium. Data presented indicate that Marano Lagoon was a major hub in the northern Adriatic in the Late Middle Ages, during the crucial period of the Crusades, and in Early Modern times, connecting inland Europe with the Mediterranean Sea. Moreover, the research highlights the onset of coastal erosion that occurred in the last century after a phase of relatively geomorphic stability, possibly deriving from the intensification of human impact and climate change.
Excessive audio–visual stimulation leads to impaired social behaviour with an effect on amygdala: Early life excessive exposure to digital devices in male rats
Authors: Mansouri Monireh , Pouretemad Hamidreza , Bigdeli Mohammadreza , Ardalan Maryam
Published: October 2022

Today, the effect of extreme early‐life exposure to digital devices is suggested as a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the multitude of factors that influence brain development with subsequent behavioural abnormalities have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we simulated extreme early‐life exposure to digital devices in rats by audio and visual stimulation and investigated its effects on autism‐related behaviours and brain structural alteration. Male rat pups were exposed to excessive audio–visual stimulation (EAVS) from PND (post‐natal day) 12 to PND 35, with and without maternal separation (MS). Autism‐related behaviours including abnormal sociability, stereotype behaviours, anxiety and locomotor dysfunction were tested at PND 42. Brain structural alternation was examined by considering the amygdala, mPFC (medial prefrontal cortex) and hippocampal regions while performing 3D quantitative stereological analysis. We found that EAVS led to social behaviour deficit and higher locomotion in rats, which were associated with increases in the number of neurons and volume of the amygdala. We also showed that MS did not exaggerate the effect of extreme sensory stimulation on behaviour and the structure of the brain. This study proposed EAVS in rats as an animal model of early exposure to digital devices for investigating possible neurobiological alternations underlying autistic‐like behaviours with an emphasis on the amygdala area.
Structural and diffusion‐weighted brain imaging predictors of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its symptomology in very young (4‐ to 7‐year‐old) children
Authors: Öztekin Ilke , Garic Dea , Bayat Mohammadreza , Hernandez Melissa L. , Finlayson Mark A. , Graziano Paulo A. , Dick Anthony Steven
Published: October 2022

The current study aimed to identify the key neurobiology of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as it relates to ADHD diagnostic category and symptoms of hyperactive/impulsive behaviour and inattention. To do so, we adapted a predictive modelling approach to identify the key structural and diffusion‐weighted brain imaging measures and their relative standing with respect to teacher ratings of executive function (EF) (measured by the Metacognition Index of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function [BRIEF]) and negativity and emotion regulation (ER) (measured by the Emotion Regulation Checklist [ERC]), in a critical young age range (ages 4 to 7, mean age 5.52 years, 82.2% Hispanic/Latino), where initial contact with educators and clinicians typically take place. Teacher ratings of EF and ER were predictive of both ADHD diagnostic category and symptoms of hyperactive/impulsive behaviour and inattention. Among the neural measures evaluated, the current study identified the critical importance of the largely understudied diffusion‐weighted imaging measures for the underlying neurobiology of ADHD and its associated symptomology. Specifically, our analyses implicated the inferior frontal gyrus as a critical predictor of ADHD diagnostic category and its associated symptomology, above and beyond teacher ratings of EF and ER. Collectively, the current set of findings have implications for theories of ADHD, the relative utility of neurobiological measures with respect to teacher ratings of EF and ER, and the developmental trajectory of its underlying neurobiology.
Eco‐evolutionary dynamics of Atlantic cod spatial behavior maintained after the implementation of a marine reserve
Authors: Villegas‐Ríos David , Freitas Carla , Moland Even , Olsen Esben M.
Published: October 2022

The effects of marine reserves on the life history and demography of the protected populations are well‐established, typically increasing population density and body size. However, little is known about how marine reserves may alter the behavior of the populations that are the target of protection. In theory, marine reserves can relax selection on spatial behavioral phenotypes that were previously targeted by the fishery and also drive selection in favor of less mobile individuals. In this study, we used acoustic telemetry to monitor the individual spatial behavior of 566 Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua Linnaeus, 1758) moving within a marine reserve and a control site in southern Norway, starting 1 year before the implementation of the marine reserve and lasting up to 9 years after. Following a before‐after‐control‐impact approach, we investigated changes in (1) survival, (2) selection acting on behavioral traits, and (3) mean behavioral phenotypes, after the implementation of the marine reserve. We focused on three behavioral traits commonly used to describe the mobility of aquatic animals: home range size, depth position, and diel vertical migration range. Survival increased after reserve implementation, but contrary to our expectations, it subsequently decreased to preprotection levels after just 3 years. Further, we found no significance in selection patterns acting on any of the three behavioral traits after reserve implementation. Although some changes related to water column use (the tendency to occupy deeper waters) were observed in the marine reserve after 9 years, they cannot unequivocally be attributed to protection. Our results show that survival and behavioral responses to marine reserves in some cases may be more complex than previously anticipated and highlight the need for appropriately scaled management experiments and more integrated approaches to understand the effects of marine protected areas on harvested aquatic species.
Environment‐triggered demographic changes cascade and compound to propel a dramatic decline of an Antarctic seabird metapopulation
Authors: Emmerson Louise , Southwell Colin
Published: October 2022

While seabirds are well‐known for making a living under some of the harshest conditions on the planet, their capacity to buffer against unfavourable conditions can be stretched in response to ecosystem change. During population increases, overlap between conspecifics can limit population growth through competition for breeding or feeding resources. What is less well understood is the role that intrinsic processes play during periods of population decline or under a changing environment. We interrogate key demographic parameters and their biophysical drivers to understand the role of intrinsic and extrinsic drivers during a recent near halving of a large Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) metapopulation. The loss of 154,000 breeding birds along the 100‐km East Antarctic coastline centred around 63°E over the last decade diverges from a sustained increase over preceding decades and is contrary to recent models that predict a continued increase. The decline was initially triggered by changed environmental conditions: more extensive near‐shore sea ice caused a reduction in breeding success. The evidence suggests this decline was exacerbated by feedback processes driving an inverse density‐dependent decrease in fledgling survival in response to smaller cohort size. It appears that the old adage of safety in numbers may shape the fledgling penguins' chances of survival and, if compromised over multiple years, could exacerbate difficulties during population decline or if feedback processes arise. The likely interplay between demographic parameters meant that conditions were more unfavourable and negative effects more rapid than would be expected if demographic processes acted in isolation or independently. Failure to capture both intrinsic and extrinsic drivers in predictive population models may mean that the real impacts of climate change on species' populations are more severe than projections would lead us to believe. These results improve our understanding of population regulation during periods of rapid decline for long‐lived marine species.
Do currents shape global patterns of hybrid richness in coral reef fishes?
Authors: Ng Isabelle , Bellwood David R. , Siqueira Alexandre C.
Published: October 2022

Aim

Our main aim was to identify the distribution of, and potential mechanisms underpinning, hybrid‐rich zones – regions with a disproportionate number of unique interspecific hybrids. We investigated whether coral reef fish hybrids coincided with factors such as phylogenetic relatedness, biogeographic barriers, species richness, geographic isolation, endemism, and oceanic currents.

Location

Global.

Time period

Contemporary.

Major taxa studied

Coral reef fishes.

Methods

We conducted a literature review and mapping to assess the taxonomic and global prevalence of hybridisation in coral reef fishes. We then fit Generalised additive models using a full‐subsets and Bayesian framework to assess which variables are associated with hybrid‐rich zones.

Results

We found 143 unique interspecific coral reef fish hybrids involving 204 species – which accounts for approximately 7% of coral reef fish species, indicating that hybridisation is as common in the sea as it is on land. Characteristic coral reef fish families were not homogeneously represented in our dataset, with particularly colourful groups standing out. Mapping our dataset revealed that coral reef fish hybrids are found worldwide, though some ecoregions (e.g., the Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands, South Kuroshio, Hawaii, and Eastern Philippines) are more hybrid‐rich than others. Our analysis revealed that mean surface current velocity, phylogenetic relatedness, and geographic isolation were the best predictors of hybrid richness in a given location.

Main conclusions

Phylogenetic distance between coral reef fish species may serve as a pre‐condition for hybridisation to occur, lying between introgression and reproductive incompatibility. We also propose a novel mechanism, with oceanic currents driving long‐distance larval dispersal events, transporting stray species to geographically remote sinks to maintain hybrid‐rich zones.
The hippo kinase MST1 negatively regulates the differentiation of follicular helper T cells
Authors: Dong Lin , Cao Yejin , Yang Hui , Hou Yueru , He Ying , Wang Yufei , Yang Qiuli , Bi Yujing , Liu Guangwei
Published: October 2022

Follicular helper T (TFH) cells are essential for inducing germinal centre (GC) reactions to mediate humoral adaptive immunity and antiviral effects, but the mechanisms of TFH cell differentiation remain unclear. Here, we found that the hippo kinase MST1 is critical for TFH cell differentiation, GC formation, and antibody production under steady‐state conditions and viral infection. MST1 deficiency intrinsically enhanced TFH cell differentiation and GC reactions in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, mTOR and HIF1α signalling is involved in glucose metabolism and increased glycolysis and decreased OXPHOS, which are critically required for MST1 deficiency‐directed TFH cell differentiation. Moreover, upregulated Foxo3 expression is critically responsible for TFH cell differentiation induced by Mst1−/−. Thus, our findings identify a previously unrecognized relationship between hippo kinase MST1 signalling and mTOR‐HIF1α‐metabolic reprogramming coupled with Foxo3 signalling in reprogramming TFH cell differentiation.
Conversion of MgO nanocrystal surfaces into ceramic interfaces: Exsolution of BaO as photoluminescent interface probes
Authors: Schwab Thomas , Razouq Hasan , Aicher Korbinian , Zickler Gregor A. , Diwald Oliver
Published: October 2022

Ion exsolution can be instrumental to engineer intergranular regions inside ceramic microstructures. BaO admixtures that were trapped inside nanometer‐sized MgO grains during gas phase synthesis undergo annealing‐induced exsolution to generate photoluminescent surface and interface structures. During their segregation from the bulk into the grain interfaces, the BaO admixtures impact grain coarsening and powder densification, effects that were compared for the first time using an integrated characterization approach. For the characterization of the different stages the materials adopt between powder synthesis and compact annealing, spectroscopy measurements (UV–Vis diffuse reflectance, cathodo‐ and photoluminescence [PL]) were complemented by an in‐depth structure characterization (density measurements, X‐ray diffraction [XRD], and electron microscopy). Depending on the Ba2+ concentration, isolated impurity ions either become part of low‐coordinated surface structures of the MgO grains where they give rise to a characteristic bright PL emission profile around λ = 500 nm, or they aggregate to form nanocrystalline BaO segregates at the inner pore surfaces to produce an emission feature centered at λ = 460 nm. Both types of PL emission sites exhibit O2 gas adsorption‐dependent PL emission properties that are reversible with respect to its pressure. The here‐reported distribution of BaO segregates between the intergranular region and the free pore surfaces inside the MgO‐based compacts underlines that solid‐based exsolution strategies are well suited to stabilize nanometer‐sized segregates of metal oxides that otherwise would coalesce and grow in size beyond the nanoscale.
Theory utilization in applied qualitative nursing research
Authors: Chiu Patrick , Thorne Sally , Schick‐Makaroff Kara , Cummings Greta G.
Published: October 2022

Aims

To explore the nuances of theory utilization in qualitative methodologies, discuss the different relationships that applied qualitative methodologies have with theory and use the foundational underpinnings of interpretive description to challenge strongly entrenched ideas of theory that have extended into applied qualitative nursing research.

Design

Methodology discussion paper.

Data sources

Narrative literature review and personal observations.

Conclusion

Many qualitative research traditions have viewed the use of an explicit theoretical framework as an integral grounding for qualitative research studies. Much of the discussion of theory in extant qualitative methodological literature focuses on its use in the context of traditional methodologies such as ethnography, phenomenology and grounded theory, with less attention on methodological approaches developed for applied and practice disciplines such as nursing. Uncritical adoption of ideas about theory based on traditional qualitative methodological conventions can result in findings with little utility for application to the practice context.

Impact

Nursing researchers should think critically about how theory is used in research endeavours geared towards applied practice and ensure that their methodological choices are in alignment with their philosophical and disciplinary epistemological positionings.
Designing division of labor with strategic uncertainty within organizations: Model analysis and a behavioral experiment
Authors: Kamijo Yoshio , Nakama Daisuke
Published: October 2022

For managers who are responsible for designing the division of labor, there are prototypes such as the divisional and functional designs, but insufficient knowledge of what to consider when selecting them. To address this shortfall, we developed a multiple economic game model with a two‐step structure to examine the strategic interdependence between the two prototypes. We analyzed the model from three different perspectives: a traditional analysis, an equilibrium analysis, and a behavioral analysis followed by a laboratory experiment. While the first analysis revealed that the functional design would outperform divisional design when individual decisions are exogenous, the game theoretic equilibrium analysis demonstrated that the two prototype designs have similar equilibria when individuals are rational. However, assuming that individuals made autonomous decisions with accessible information under given organizational structures, behavioral analysis derived predictions that the divisional design was more likely to produce favorable consequences than the functional design. This prediction was confirmed by the economic experiment in the laboratory. These results imply that the strategic uncertainty within organizations differs according to the designs and affects organizational consequences.
Understanding the practice patterns of nephrology nurse practitioners in Australia
Authors: Bonner Ann , Douglas Bettina , Brown Leanne , Harvie Barbara , Lucas Anthony , Tomlins Melinda , Gillespie Kerri
Published: October 2022

Background

Nurse practitioners (NP) have an expanded scope of practice beyond that of a registered nurse. In kidney care, nephrology NP can manage patients at various points along the chronic kidney disease (CKD) trajectory.

Objectives

To profile the characteristics, service patterns, and domains of practice of nephrology NP in Australia.

Design

A cross‐sectional online secure survey.

Participants

Nephrology NP (NP students) who were members of the Renal Society of Australasia and working in Australia (n = 73).

Measurements

Data collected were demographic and practice characteristics, and domains of practice (using the modified Strong Model of Advanced Practice). The survey also sought qualitative perspectives of the enablers and barriers to sustainability nurse practitioner healthcare delivery services.

Results

Nephrology NP (n = 45) primarily worked in adult services, managing those receiving haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or patients with earlier grades of CKD. Providing direct comprehensive care was the dominant domain of advanced practice although administrative activities took up considerable time each week. Support from nurse leaders and medical colleagues was identified as key enablers for sustainability of these services whereas succession planning, and workload were the main barriers.

Conclusions

This study found a highly qualified, experienced but older nephrology nurse practitioner workforce who provide an additional model of health service delivery which can meet the growing CKD burden. Internationally, this level of nurse provides an opportunity for a career pathway to maintain nurses in direct clinical roles and to expand the nephrology nursing workforce.
Opioid prescribing by oral and maxillofacial surgeons in the United States, 2016–2019
Authors: Khouja Tumader , Polk Deborah E. , Suda Katie J.
Published: October 2022

Objective

To describe opioid prescribing trends among oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMFS).

Methods

Prescriptions by OMFS were identified from IQVIA Longitudinal Prescription Dataset, 2016–2019. OMFS‐based, patient‐based and population‐based prescribing rates and changes in high‐risk opioid prescribing were calculated annually. We used linear regression to describe trends.

Results

There were 13.9 million opioid prescriptions among 12.5 million patients (627 prescriptions/OMFS/year). Hydrocodone and oxycodone decreased by 20.9% and 39.2% (p < 0.05), while tramadol and codeine increased by 24.3% and 6.1% (p < 0.05), respectively. Opioid prescribing rates significantly decreased by 27 prescriptions/OMFS/year, 18.6 patients/OMFS/year and by 0.9 prescriptions/100,000 population/year (p < 0.05 for all). From 2016 to 2019, the proportion of opioids >3 days decreased by 54.2% (p < 0.05) and prescriptions ≥50 MME/day decreased by 66.3% (p < 0.05). Although the number of opioid prescriptions by OMFS decreased in most states, 12% of states experienced increases.

Conclusion

Opioid prescribing, especially high‐risk prescribing, by OMFS has decreased. However, targeted interventions are warranted in some areas.
Diversification linked to larval host plant in the butterflyEumedonia eumedon
Authors: Hinojosa Joan C. , Montiel‐Pantoja Cecilia , Sanjurjo‐Franch Miguel , Martínez‐Pérez Isabel , Lee Kyung Min , Mutanen Marko , Vila Roger
Published: October 2022

It is widely accepted that the relationship between phytophagous insects and their host plants influences insect diversification. However, studies addressed at documenting host‐associated genetic differentiation (HAD) and the mechanisms that drive reproductive isolation in host‐associated lineages (or host races) are still scarce relative to insect diversity. To uncover further evidence on the HAD processes in Lepidoptera, we investigated the genetic structure of the geranium argus butterfly (Eumedonia eumedon) and tested for isolation by ecology (IBE) vs. isolation by distance (IBD). Genomic data revealed an array of host races (three of them in the same mountain range, the Cantabrian Mountains, northern Iberia) at apparently distinct levels of reproductive isolation. We found a pattern of IBE mediated by HAD at both local and European scales, in which genetic differentiation between populations and individuals correlated significantly with the taxonomic relatedness of the host plants. IBD was significant only when considered at the wider European scale. We hypothesize that, locally, HAD betweenGeranium‐feeding populations was caused (at least partially) by allochrony, that is via adaptation of adult flight time to the flowering period of each host plant species. Nevertheless, the potential reproductive isolation between populations usingErodiumand populations usingGeraniumcannot be explained by allochrony or IBD, and other mechanisms are expected to be at play.
IgG4‐related brain pseudotumor mimicking CNS lymphoma. A case report
Authors: Oshima Rie , Ikeguchi Ryotaro , Wako Sho , Mizuno Takafumi , Abe Kayoko , Nitta Masayuki , Muragaki Yoshihiro , Kawamata Takakazu , Masui Kenta , Yamamoto Tomoko , Shibata Noriyuki , Shimizu Yuko , Kitagawa Kazuo
Published: October 2022

Here, we report a case of IgG4‐related brain pseudotumor (IgG4‐BP) in a 39‐year‐old woman, mimicking central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma. She presented with headache, fever, and fatigue. Her medical history was notable for appearance of a tumefactive brain lesion seven years before. Brain biopsy performed at the age of 32 revealed nonspecific inflammatory changes, and her condition improved with oral low‐dose steroid therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging performed at the age of 39 identified a hyperintensity lesion with edema located at the medial temporal lobe region adjacent to the inferior horn of the left lateral ventricle on fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery images, which showed gadolinium‐contrast enhancement on T1‐weighted images and a slightly hyperintensity signal on diffusion‐weighted images. Methionine‐positron emission tomography (PET) depicted a high methionine uptake in the lesion. Additionally, soluble levels of interleukin (IL)‐2 receptor (sIL‐2R) and IL‐10 were increased in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Based on these findings, we suspected CNS lymphoma and performed partial resection of the brain lesion. Pathological examination revealed prominent lymphocytic infiltration associated with plasma cell infiltration. Most of the plasma cells were immunoreactive for IgG4. Storiform fibrosis and partially obliterative phlebitis were concomitantly observed. Thus, the patient was diagnosed as having IgG4‐BP. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of IgG4‐BP with detailed findings obtained by CSF testing, methionine‐PET, and pathological examination. Because IgG4‐related diseases can present as a pseudotumor that mimics CNS lymphoma, it is essential to carefully differentiate IgG4‐BP from CNS lymphoma.
Calcifying pseudoneoplasm of the neuraxis (CAPNON) associated with neurenteric cyst. An autopsy case showing unusual fatal outcome
Authors: Ichimata Shojiro , Hata Yukiko , Aikawa Akane , Ishizawa Shin , Sato Daisuke , Akai Takuya , Nishida Naoki
Published: October 2022

A 53‐year‐old man with a history of an untreated brain mass was taken to Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital by emergency transport. Computed tomography revealed an intracranial hypo‐attenuated lesion exhibiting mass effect. Several calcified foci were observed around the lesion. His radiographical diagnosis was meningioma with calcification and edema. He suddenly showed tonic seizure after admission; therefore an emergency craniotomy was performed. However, he unfortunately died due to advanced cerebral edema. Microscopic findings of the surgically obtained materials were consistent with neurenteric cyst (NC). Intracranial hard masses were found adjacent to NCs, and the masses were composed of fibrous cartilage‐like matrix with extensive linear calcification and the presence of surrounding round‐to‐oval epithelioid cells. Thus, calcifying pseudoneoplasm of the neuraxis (CAPNON) associated with NC was considered the most appropriate diagnosis of the present case. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such a case. The present case suggests that delay of treatment might cause a poor outcome, at least in CAPNON associated with NC. Careful investigations, including the underlying pathology, may be essential when considering the etiology of CAPNON and its treatment strategies.