bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan Minat Belajar Siswa Dengan Metode Diskusi Pada Mata Pelajaran PAI Siswa Kelas X SMKN 2 Sinjai
Authors: Nuri R Nurhayati , Ulfa Zulaiza
Published: August 2024

Abstrak
Proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode diskusi mampu untuk meningkatkan minat belajar seorang peserta didik. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Subjek peenelitian peningkatan minat belajar siswa menggunakan metode diskusi pada mata pelajaran PAI yaitu Siswa kelas X TBSM SMKN 2 Sinjai. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah berupa lembar angket dan lembar observasi. Instrumen penelitian dan pengumpulan data, digunakan uji validitas dan uji Reliaibilitas sedangkan Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan teknik analisis data berupa analisis deskriptif guna untuk menggambarkan data berupa rata-rata, median dan distribusi data. Tujuan penelitian dilakukan yaitu untuk meningkatkan minat belajar siswa dengn menggunakan metode diskusi pada mata pelajaran PAI siswa kelas X SMKN 2 Sinjai. Hasil penelitian tentang keaktifan pendidik dalam menggunakan metode diskusi menujukkan hasil yang sangat baik sebab dari siklus I ke siklus II mengalami peningkatan sebanyak 8% yang awalnya 78% menjadi 86%. Sedangkan minat belajar siswa dengan menggunakan metode diskusi menunjukkan kemajuan yang signifikan dengan peningkatan sebanyak 12% dari siklus I ke siklus II yang awalnya 78% menjadi 90%. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan minat belajar siswa dengan menggunakan metode diskusi pada mata pelajaran PAI  pada siswa kelas X SMKN 2 Sinjai.
3.	Resumption of Postpartum Sexual Intercourse and Use of Modern Contraceptive among In-Union Women in Addis Ababa: Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Tesfay Frewoini , Mesfin Eyasu , Gedefaw Abel
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background:   Data on postpartum sexual resumption is limited in Ethiopia.
Objective: To determine the timing of postpartum sexual resumption, use of modern contraceptive and sexual morbidity associated with resumption among in -union women in Addis Ababa.
Methods:
A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 24 - August 04, 2014 at ten health centres of Addis Ababa involving 424 postpartum in–union women. Data were collected at 14th weeks of postpartum. The SPSS version 16.0 was used for data entry and analysis. Descriptive statics were done to determine the timing of sexual resumption, postpartum sexual morbidity and proportion of contraceptive use. Logistic regression analysis was fitted and odds ratios with 95% CI were computed to identify factors associated with contraceptive use while sexual resumption.
Result: More than three quarters (78.3%) resumed sexual intercourse within 14 weeks of postpartum. The mean and median time of sexual resumption was 6.4 weeks (±2.3) and 6 weeks respectively. Among those resumed sexual intercourse, three fourths (76.2%) were used modern contraceptives. The odds of contraceptive use while resuming sexual intercourse was determined by whether the index pregnancy was planned or not and resumption of menses. One fourth (26.15%) of women who resumed sexual intercourse had postpartum sexual morbidity and only 15% of them had sought medical care. Only 11% of the participants had ever been advised about postpartum sexual activity by a health care provider.
Conclusions: High number of postpartum women resumed sexual intercourse despite one in ten women resumed without contraceptive use. It was also a associated with high postpartum sexual morbidity, low health seeking behavior and low postpartum sexuality counseling practice by health care providers. Strategies need to be developed to address the identified problems.
Key words: postpartum, Sexual resumption, Contraceptive use, Ethiopia
(Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health 2018;10:22-33)
5.	Feasibility of Wigglesworth Pathophysiological Classification for Perinatal Mortality in Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Ethiopia
Authors: Birra Malede , Urgie Tadesse
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background: Perinatal mortality of a country is often used as a measure of the adequacy of obstetric and neonatal services. Several classification systems have been in use with their own advantages and disadvantages. Studies have reported Wigglesworth classification to be simple and reproducible. There are no reports regarding its use and feasibility in Ethiopia.
Objective: The aim of this study was to review perinatal deaths at Saint Paul’s hospital millennium medical college and see the feasibility of Wigglesworth classification.
Methods: A one-year review of perinatal deaths at Saint Paul’s Hospital millennium medical college from January 2014 to December 2014 was conducted. The deaths were analyzed using Wigglesworth classification.
Result: Perinatal mortality rate was found to be 70.1/1000 live births. Majority of the perinatal mortality were still births (72%). According to Wigglesworth classification of the perinatal deaths 47% were Macerated still births, 25.7% perinatal asphyxia. Other causes mortality was; lethal congenital malformations (10%), prematurity (10.7%) and septicemia (5.7%) were mortality. Wigglesworth classification was found to be feasible at SPHMMC.
Conclusion Macerated stillbirths and perinatal mortality were leading causes of perinatal mortality at SPHMMC. Wigglesworth classification is a simple and feasible system to be applied in Ethiopian hospitals.
Key words:   Perinatal mortality, Wigglesworth classification, Ethiopia
 
 
 
(Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health 2018;10:49-55)
PARTIAL MOLE WITH COEXISTING TERM FETUS- A CASE REPORT
Authors: BASHA TIZITA ABRAHAM , Abdulkadir Abdulfetah
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT Partial molar pregnancy is a rare entity in which there is usually abnormal fetus associated with a large placenta with cystic changes. The incidence of a normal fetus at is extremely rare. Here we report a 24-yearold primigravid with gestational age of 39 weeks + five days who present with decrease fetal movement of three days. Ultrasound was done and there was normally appearing fetus, but no measurable fluid. Other biophysical parameters were reassuring. The whole placenta had snow storm appearance and enlarged. Cesarean section was done for the indication of sever oligohydraminosis with unfavorable bishop with the outcome of 2.2 kg alive female neonate with APGAR score of seven and eight in the first and fifth minute respectively. The placenta was sent for histopathology and report as partial hydatidiform mole.
A 3 YEARS REVIEW OF MATERNAL DEATH AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AT AYDER COMPREHENSIVE SPCIALIZED HOSPITAL, NORTHERN ETHIOPIA
Authors: Teka Hale , Zelelow Yibrah Berhe
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Maternal mortality ratio in Ethiopia is one of the highest in the world. Despite measures to alleviate it and showing a promising declining trend, it still remains one of the highest at 412 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. To our knowledge there is no accessible published study on maternal mortality at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (ACSH). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to systematically analyze causes of maternal deaths and contributing factors at (ACSH).METHODS This was a descriptive, retrospective chart review of institutional maternal deaths using a 3-years record from July 1, 2014 – June 30, 2017 at ACSH.RESULTS There were 52 maternal deaths from July 1, 2014 – June 30, 2017 at ACSH. The main causes of these deaths were related to obstetric hemorrhage (n=11, 21.2 %), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (n=10, 19.2%) and sepsis (n=7, 13.5%). About 86.5% (n=45) of the mothers were referral cases of whom 24 (53.33%) of them travelled more than 100 kilometers to reach ACSH. The furthest referral site was 498 kilometers from ACSH. Most common reasons for referral include for admission to intensive care unit, for further workup and management, for blood transfusion and for high risk admission. Most of the maternal deaths occurred in the postpartum period.CONCLUSIONThere is an urgent need for expansion of intensive care unit (ICU) and availing blood transfusion services in all the general and regional hospitals with close monitoring of mothers in the postpartum period. The referral system needs coordinnation from the lower level to the teritirary care centers. KEY WORDS: Maternal death, cause of maternal death, factors for maternal death, Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia (Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health 2018; 10; 3: 38-45)
A CASE OF THANATOPHORIC DYSPLASIA TYPE I: THE FIRST CLINICOPATHOLOGIC REPORT FROM ETHIOPIA
Authors: Dereje Bethel , Gebrehiwot Yirgu , Schenider Jakob
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThanatophoric dysplasia (TD) is a short-limb neonatal dwarfism syndrome that is usually lethal in the perinatal period1. It is characterized by markedly underdeveloped skeleton and short-limb dwarfism. TD is caused by a mutation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene (FGFR3), which is located on the short arm of chromosome 42,3.This study reports a neonate born at Tikur Anbessa Teaching Hospital with features of thanatophoric dysplasia which was proven radiologically and pathomorphologically. The mother presented to the hospital at 39 +1 weeks of gestational age with ultrasound diagnosis of achondroplasia. She developed cephalopelvic disproportion and underwent caesarian section. Outcome was an alive anomalous female neonate with a weight of 2900 gms of 4, 2, 2 & 0 in the 1st, 5th, 10th & 20th minute APGAR scores, respectively. The neonate expired due to severe respiratory distress despite resuscitation. The parturient died following pulmonary thromboembolism diagnosed on her second postoperative day.CONCLUSION: Thanatophoric dysplasia is a lethal skeletal anomaly which should be diagnosed and managed in the second trimester of pregnancy. Missing this case in the mid-trimester costed note only the physical, psychological and the economic burden but also the life of the mother. KEY WORDS: Thanatophoric dysplasia, fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene (FGFR3) (Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health 2018; 10; 3: 65-70)
EXPERIENCES OF WOMEN WITH INFERTILITY AND THEIR TREATMENT SEEKING PRACTICES: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Meskelu Jenberu , Berhane Yemane
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Infertility imposes profound psychological and social impacts on those with the problem. The financial burden is also immense. The World Health Organization has labeled infertility as a disabling health problem. This study examines the experiences of women with infertility and their treatment seeking practices.METHODS: We conducted a qualitative study with phenomenological approach. Data were collected using an in-depth interview and observations among eight purposively selected women who were being seen at Saint Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC), Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, infertility clinic from September 2015 to November 2015. The interviews were conducted by the investigator using a semi structured questionnaire discussion guide. The interviews were taped, then transcribed and translated into English. A bottom up approach was used to identify themes and sub themes.RESULTS: Five themes and six sub themes were identified. Diverse negative emotional and psychological effects were reported. Both supportive and destructive changes were seen with relatives and friends. Treatments by in-laws and neighbors were largely negative. The women were constantly visiting different health facilities because of lack of definitive management. Religious activities were common. CONCLUSION: Infertility deeply affects the life of infertile women with various emotional and social effects. The health system and health care providers should consider addressing managing the psychosocial aspects as well as providing advanced infertility treatment options. Further studies in exploring the life experiences are important preferably at community levels.KEYWORDS: Infertility, experiences, treatment. (Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health; 2018; 10; 4: 33-42)
PREVALENCE AND OUTCOME OF PREGESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS AMONG PREGNANT MOTHERS ATTENDING ANTENATAL CARE AT THREE TEACHING HOSPITALS IN ADDIS ABABA, PROSPECTIVE FOLLOW UP STUDY
Authors: Aytenew Talema , Bekele Delayehu
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBACkGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common medical conditions complicating pregnancy with a significant impact on maternal and perinatal outcome.OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of pregestational diabetes mellitus and its pregnancy outcome at three teaching hospitals in Addis Ababa METHODS: Prospective cohort study was conducted at three teaching government hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RESULT: There were a total of 19,797 deliveries, among which 80 were women with pregestational diabetes mellitus were identified making a prevalence of 0.4%. Out of these 39(48.8%) had type 1 and 41(51.2%) had type 2 diabetes mellitus. The glycemic control was poor in each trimester with higher fasting, 2-hour post prandial and HgA1C level than the standard. Majority of pregnancies (67.1%) ended up with induction of labor for fetal and maternal indications and 61.8% were delivered by cesarean section. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were commonest maternal complication seen in 28.5% of the women. The rate of premature delivery and neonatal intensive care referral was high (53.4%). There was statistically significant association between adverse pregnancy outcome and having preconception care. care. CONCLUSION: The Prevalence of pregestational diabetes mellitus was found to be comparable to most setups. The glycemic control was poor in each trimester with higher fasting, 2-hour post prandial and HgA1C level from the standard. These hospitals should have management protocol advocating preconceptional care and tighter glucose control which may help in reducing the adverse maternal and perinatal outcome. kEY WORDS: Pregestational diabetes mellitus; Pregnancy outcome, prevalence (Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health; 2019; 11;1:9-18
RESPECTFUL MATERNITY CARE: A QUALITATIVE STUDY ON THE EXPERIENCE OF HEALTH PROVIDERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH FACILITIES OF NORTH SHEWA ZONE, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA
Authors: Dullo Abrham Getachew , Hailemariam Nebiyou Wendwessen , Fulasa Tsegaye Bedane , Feyissa Delessa Wolde , Tessema Tesfalem Teshome , Debela Fanna Adugna , Alamdo Andamlak Gizaw
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBACkGROUND: Emerging evidence indicates that women face humiliating and undignified conditions in health facilities in developing countries like Ethiopia. This negative aspect of maternity care can influence women’s decision not to make use of health facilities. It is, therefore, crucial to examine the experiences of health providers on the provision of respectful maternity care and to identify the forms of disrespect and abuse that exist, and better meet women’s needs as part of broader efforts to provide better quality care. METHODS: A qualitative study employing a phenomenological research design was carried out from August to September 2017 in six woredas/districts of North Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. A total of 20 key informant interview was done. The key informants were selected by purposive sampling techniques considering their experience in Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health (MNCH) service delivery in the selected public health facilities. The data were collected using a semi-structured key informant interview guide. All interviews were transcribed and translated verbatim into English. Data analysis was initiated alongside data collection using a thematic approach based on a priori identified themes and those emerged during the analysis. RESULT: The health providers’ experiences indicated the existence of different categories of disrespect and abuse to women in the study area. Non-consented care, physical abuse, non-confidential care, non-dignified care were the areas identified. Furthermore, painful procedures such as episiotomy were performed without anesthesia, women may also stay for a long time without getting the service and they were restricted to have a companion of their choice in the birthing area. The discrimination of women because of personal attributes such as income level, being rural versus urban, and HIV status was also revealed in the present study. However, detention wasn’t reported by any of the respondents.CONCLUSION: To promote quality maternal health service, the government in partnership with other stakeholders should address the challenges faced by women in the health facilities. Providers should also be capacitated with the required knowledge, attitude and skill and further effort should be made to equip health facilities with the necessary material and human resource. Enforcing policies on respectful maternity care is also important. kEY WORDS: Respectful Maternity Care, Health Providers Experience, Qualitative Study, Ethiopia (Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health; 2019; 11;1:42-51)
IS SEXUAL REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH EDUCATION FOR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS NECESSARY? THE CASE OF UNDERGRADUATE FEMALE STUDENTS’ AT MAKERERE UNIVERSITY, UGANDA
Authors: Oonyu Joseph
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Studies on sexual and reproductive health education (SRH Education) in universities are rare, and yet there is evidence of knowledge gaps and misconceptions in sexual and reproductive issues among students. This study sought to assess the need for SRH Education in order to strengthen health knowledge and practices of Makerere University female students.METHODS: Using stratified simple random sampling, a total of 450 questionnaires were administered, of which 398 (88.4%) were duly completed. Data were entered in to SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics were used to describe data.RESULT: The findings indicated that there was a high demand for SRH Education by 264 students (66.3%) to help them overcome barriers such as the inability to get reliable and accurate information, to empower them in decision making and to overcome inadequate education from parents and the university.CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS It was concluded that SRH Education is still necessary for university students in order to deliver correct and adequate information about Sexual Reproductive Health (SRH). It was recommended that SRH Education modules be developed and delivered either as standalone modules or mainstreamed into the current curricula. KEY WORDS: Sexual and reproductive health education, female university students (Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health; 2019; 11;2:1-9)
MATERNAL NEAR MISSES AND DEATH IN SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Wakgar Negash , Dulla Dubale , Daka Deresse
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Globally, maternal deaths declined by 44 percent between 1990 and 2015, however it remains unacceptably high in sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia, around 13, 000 of women and 84,437 neonates died annually in 2013. Hence, this study assessed the magnitude of maternal near misses and death in southern Ethiopia. METHODS: An institution based retrospective cross-sectional study design was conducted from October, 1 to 30, 2016. All mothers registered with pregnancy related complication during August 2014 to September 2016 were included in the study. World health organization maternal near misses’ tool were used to collect the data. SPSS version 20.0 was used to calculate various indicators. RESULT: In this study, 15,059 cases attended obstetric care service during the study period. Among total admission 591 were identified with severe maternal outcomes. The main causes for admission were severe preeclampsia (51.8%) followed by postpartum hemorrhage (24.9%). Out of the total severe maternal outcomes 90 (15.2%) end up with maternal death while the rest (84.8%) were near-misses. One hundred seventy (28.8%) of newborn died during delivery. In the current study, the total maternal near misses and maternal mortality ratio was 33.3 per 1000 live birth and 59.7 per 100,000 live births respectively. In addition, sever maternal outcome and total near-misses ratio to maternal death were 39.2 per 1000 live birth and 5.57:1 respectively. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: A significant percentage of women were near misses and suffered from life threatening conditions. It is highly advisable to use an assessment guide protocol and documentation. KEYWORDS: Ethiopia, Maternal Near Misses (Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health; 2019; 11;2:17-25)
LEVEL AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF LONG ACTING REVERSIBLE CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS AMONG MARRIED WOMEN IN SHONE TOWN ADMINISTRATION, HADIYA ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA.
Authors: Beyene Dereje , Assefa Nega , Dassie Yadeta , Lolaso Tsegaye
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: There was low utilization of long acting reversible contraceptive method in developing countries. There are diversity factors associated with use of long acting reversible contraceptive method. Currently many married women prefer to use short acting rather than long acting contraceptive method. OBJECTIVES: To assess level and factors associated with use of long acting reversible contraceptive method among married women in Shone Town, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia, from Jan 26 – Feb 05 /2018. METHODS: Community based cross-sectional study was employed on randomly selected 576 reproductive age married women. All married women who lived in Shone Town for more than 6 months and those fulfill the inclusion criteria were included. Data were collected by using pretested questionnaire and entered to Epidata version 3.0 and exported to SPSS version 20 for further analysis. Frequencies, proportion, and summary statistics were used to describe the study population in relation to relevant variables and presented in tables. Binary Logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with long acting reversible contraceptive method. RESULT: The overall long acting reversible contraceptive method use in Shone Town was 164(29.2%). History of LARC use [AOR = 3.58; 95%: CI=2.27-5.64)], discussion with health care provider on LARC in last 6 month [AOR=2.85; 95%CI (1.65-4.90)], high knowledge of LARC method [AOR= 2.86; 95: CI (1.69-4.84)], moderate knowledge of LARC method [AOR=2.68; 95: CI (1.60-4.51)] and positive attitude towards LARC [AOR=2.63; 95%: CI (1.71-4.04)], to be associated with the LARC use. CONCLUSION: The level of long acting reversible contraceptive methods in Shone Town was low. History of LARC use, discussion with health care provider on LARC in last 6-month, knowledge of LARC method and Attitude towards LARC were found to be statistically significant predictors of the outcome variable this study. KEYWORDS: Long acting reversible contraceptive method, level, factors, Shone, Ethiopia. (Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health; 2019; 11;2:26-34)
SURVEY OF UNSAFE ABORTION IN SELECTED HEALTH FACILITIES IN
Authors: Mekbib Tekle-Ab , G.Hiwot Yirgu , Fantahun Misganaw
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn order to fill the gap in evidence based information, and help in programming for the reduction ofmaternal deaths due to unsafe abortion, a nationwide hospital based survey in 9 of the 11administrative regions of Ethiopia was conducted from June to December 2000.A total of 1075 women presenting with abortion to the 15 hospitals during the study period wereconsecutively enrolled . About 58 percent of the cases were in the age range of 20-29 years, 26.5percent were illiterate, and 27.5 percent were with secondary education. Three-fourth of patientshad spontaneous abortion and one fourth (25.6 percent) of them had induced abortion. Themajority of women (87 percent) were aware of contraceptive methods, but only about half of themever used a family planning method. Of those pregnancies that ended in abortion 60 percent wereunplanned and 50 percent were unwanted. Method non-use was responsible for 78 percent ofpregnancies that occurred. Among those with induced abortion, the most common reason fortermination of pregnancy was contraceptive need. Rape accounted only for 3 percent of allpregnancies that ended in abortion (i.e. 2.5 percent of all reasons for termination of pregnancies).Fifty eight percent of women who induced abortion terminated the current pregnancy either byseeking the help of untrained personnel or by themselves with no assistance. The most frequentreason for hospital visit was vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain. Evacuation and curettage (E &C) was the commonest method (83.6 percent) of evacuating the contents of the uterus. The majorcategories of complications identified were infection (28 percent), genital tract injuries (12percent), foreign bodies in the genital tract (1.6 percent) and organ failure (13.1 percent). Therewere 13 deaths, which made an overall procedure related deaths of 1,209 per 100,000 abortions.Using a modified Delphi technique, and taking the six months study period, it was found out that thetotal cost to treat incomplete abortion by health facilities under this survey was Birr 332,259.9. Inconclusion, there is a need for a strong family planning program for the country, to preventunwanted and unplanned pregnancies. There is a also an urgent need for improvement of providersknowledge and skills, provision of safe abortion services, and liberalization of the abortion law.(Ethiop. J. Reproductive Health May 2007, 1(1), 28-43)
The Health Extension Program: A flagship for bringing health services to the doors of communities
Authors: Mekbib Tekle-Ab
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecognizing the need for strengthening the health care delivery system in the country,and to bring services to the doors of communities, the Government of Ethiopia haslaunched the Health Extension Program (HEP). HEP is a new initiative developed as oneof the components of the Health Sector Development Program (HSDP-II), which is aninnovative community based health care delivery system. In order to address the acuteshortage of human resources in the areas of health, and the prevailing constraints in thetraining of health professionals, HEP has also become a centerpiece for the “Acceleratedexpansion of primary health care coverage” program. Under HEP, in the coming twoyears, over 30,000 health extension workers (HEWs) will be trained and deployed forsome 15,000 health posts, which includes the construction and/or upgrading of 3153health centers. The main objective of HEP is to improve access and equity to preventiveessential health interventions provided at village and household levels with focus onsustained preventive health actions and increased health awareness. It also serves aseffective mechanism for shifting health care resources from being dominantly urban tothe rural areas where the majority of the country’s population resides. The Governmenthas now trained and deployed close to 17,500 HEWs, and they were assigned to about9000 health posts (villages), and this comprises over 60% of the planned 33,200 HEWs tohave blanket coverage. HEP is considered as the most important institutional frameworkfor achieving the Millennium Development Goals.(Ethiop. J. Reprod. Health May 2007, 1 (1), 75-85)
Barriers to accessing emergency contraception by victims of sexual assault in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Kassa Munir , G.Hiwot Yirgu , Abdella Ahmed
Published: August 2024

Background: Medical support including rape management to victims of sexual assault are not well organized and readily availableto those who require this service in Addis Ababa.Objective: This survey aimed at examining the potential barriers to accessing emergency contraception (EC) among sexual assaultsurvivors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: This is a quantitative and qualitative study conducted in July of 2006 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The quantitativecomponent was a survey of all hospitals in the city using a standardized questionnaire to evaluate the provision of EC for sexualassault victims. Since sexual assault victims often report to the police, the study included an in-depth interview with police womenwho were dealing with such cases.Results: Five public hospitals and one model clinic of the Family Guidance Association of Ethiopia (FGAE) give treatment tovictims of sexual assault in Addis Ababa. No private hospital provides treatment for such cases as the police do not refer suchcases. Though there are five public hospitals, one of them has got a model rape clinic. In the survey, most victims of sexual assaultwere seen in the FGAE model clinic. This is because the police perceive that the service given by government hospitals is of poorquality. All public hospitals provide EC, a dedicated product called ‘Postinor 2’ free of charge. The interviewed police women hadvery little knowledge about EC, though they have worked for a long time with sexual assault victims. According to police womenwho worked for more than six years, most victims did not come within 3-5 days after the assault. And when victims do come, theyoften first visit police stations not hospitals. It was also found out that it is the police who determine as to where these victimsshould get treatment.Conclusion: Public hospitals should improve the quality of service they provide to victims of sexual assault. It is crucial to providehealth education on EC to community members and the police working with victims of sexual assault in order to ensure that patientsseek care early to prevent unwanted pregnancy and receive timely and appropriate medical certificates to legal bodies. Furthermore,ways should be sought to increase the involvement of private hospitals in the management of victims of sexual assault inAddis Ababa.Keywords: Emergency contraception; legal bodies; sexual assault; gender
Seeking ways in improving promotion and provision of emergency contraception in Addis Ababa Hospitals
Authors: Kassaye Teshome , Dwivedi A.D.
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjective: To assess attitudes of physicians working in Addis Ababa government hospitals towards routine counseling andadvance prescription of emergency contraception (EC).Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study on attitudes of physicians towards routine counseling and advance prescription ofEC was performed on 445 physicians working in Addis Ababa public hospitals. A standardized questionnaire which assessedknowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) on EC provision and routine counseling and advance prescription of EC were administeredamong participants.Results: Out of the total 445 physicians, there was an overall response rate of 86.1%. Only 55.3% participants received a verygood and good knowledge score. Physicians of gynecological and obstetrics department were more knowledgeable than others(p< .0001.). Attitudes of physicians were favorable (64%) towards EC. Being a member of gynecological and obstetrics departmentshowed a very good knowledge score, and past counseling and prescribing EC had favorable attitudes. The majority 72.4%(240) have never prescribed EC. Physicians who ever counseled and prescribed EC before the survey were more likely to have avery good knowledge score (181 p < 0.0001), favorable attitudes (176 p< .001) and past prescribing (124 p < 0.15) than others.The majority of the respondents 316 (83.6%) agreed on the role of routine counseling and advance prescription supply ofEC, in provision, promotion and information dissemination, and among them 68.8%, were willing to prescribe EC in the future.More than 90% had some concerns like it might encourage repeated use. Eighty four percent mentioned mass media,printed materials, women organization and telephone including text messages and involvement of male partners as better optionsfor EC advocacy, information dissemination, and provision.Conclusion: Attitudes of physicians on EC was favorable but knowledge and practices of EC were very low. Strategy to increaseits access through routine counseling and advance prescription supply to all women is taken not only positively but alsomajority of them are willing to offer EC in advance by prescription and addressed the need of information on EC for providersand clients. Improving KAP on EC is crucial and physicians need to be provided with accurate and up to date informationthrough comprehensive training and updates on EC.Keywords: Emergency contraception, KAP, physicians, contraception.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE OF EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION AMONG HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY FEMALE STUDENTS; EASTERN ETHIOPIA
Authors: Desta Berhanu
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background: An estimated 10-40% of young, unmarried women experience unwanted pregnancies. Many of these can be prevented by using emergency contraception (EC).
Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of EC.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 572 female students of Haramaya University in March 2009. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Participants were selected through multistage sampling technique. To analyze the data, frequency distribution and logistic regression were used.
Results: 272(47.6%) of respondents have even heard of EC. Of these, 70(25.7%) had good knowledge and 208 (76.5%) had favorable attitude. About (17(48.7%) of respondents had ever used EC pills. Logistic regression model identified age, previous residence; religion, grade level, sexual experience, media exposure, sex education, currently chewing chat, and currently taking alcohol are associated with awareness of EC. Similarly, age, religion, and sex education were found to be associated with favorable attitude.
Conclusion: The specific knowledge and practice of EC was low. Therefore, to enhance EC knowledge and practice among female students, Haramaya University needs to design and include a reproductive health course in its curriculum and offer to all students as a common course.
 
Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health, 2011, 5(1): 10-21
Factors influencing the practice of modern family planning methods among married women in Ethiopia: evidence from the2005 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Demissie Aklilu
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground: Ethiopia is characterized by high fertility rate even when compared with many Sub- Saharan Africancountries. The practice of modern family planning (FP) methods is also low. Thus, exploring factors that determine thepractice of modern FP methods is vital in order to come up with strategies that alleviate the consequences of unmet need forFP.Objective: The objective of this study was to examine and determine factors that predict the practice of modern FP amongmarried women of reproductive age group in Ethiopia and illustrate aspects of data limitations and efforts on how to applymethods in providing estimations about selected determinants of contraceptive use.Method: The 2005 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) was the source of data. The survey had collectedreproductive health related data on 9066 married women. Univariate analysis was employed to identify the associationbetween the independent explanatory variables and the practice of modern FP methods; and multivariate logistic regressionanalysis was employed in predicting which factors determined contraceptive practice.Results: Univariate analysis of the independent explanatory variables including age of women, place of residence, number ofliving children, education and wealth index were found to be statistically significantly associated with the practice of modernFP methods. Multivariate logistic regression analysis has shown that place of residence, education level and wealth index tobe potential predictors of the practice of modern FP methods.Conclusion: Differences in fertility level and the practice of modern FP methods reflect differences in socio-economic statusand place of residence (Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health, 2012; 6(1): 4-13).Key words: family planning, modern methods, married women, practices, Ethiopia
Knowledge, attitude and utilization of emergency contraception: a cross sectional study among female university and college students
Authors: Firdawek Ewnetu , Aragu Dayan , Konale Mekdes
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroduction: Although emergency contraception is an essential reproductive health option, it remains vastly underutilized.Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and utilization of emergencycontraception (EC) and its associated factors.Methods: Cross sectional survey was conducted on female university and college students in Arba Minch town fromNovember 15 -30, 2009. Self-administered questioners were employed to collect pertinent data.Results: From a total of 791 respondents, 66.2% of them had reported that they have ever heard about emergencycontraception and 60.1% of them reported incorrect methods like Depo- Provera and Norplant and 26 % of them don’t knowthe exact time when EC should be taken. For most of the respondents the source of information on EC was peer discussion,185 (35.3%) followed by from health professional teaching, 101(19.3%) from teachers 96(18.3%) and from mass media66(12.6%). Out of the 791 respondents only 76 (9.6 %) of them have practiced EC and majority of them 65(85.5%) used pills.Only 8 (10.5 %) of those who used EC know the correct method use following unprotected sex. Most of the respondents 530(67%) are willing to use EC and for majority of them 494(93.2%), the reason mentioned was preference to use EC thangetting pregnancy.Conclusion: Knowledge and utilization of EC was low, but attitude on EC was relatively high. Pills have been used widelyby most of the respondents as an EC method (Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health , 2012,6(1): 37-45).
Sexual behaviour of university students in Ethiopia: the case of Samara University
Authors: Yirga Selam , Gobena Tesfaye , Egata Gudina
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground : It is well documented that college students are practicing risky sexual behaviours globally. Studies conducted inhigh school and few former Ethiopian universities have documented increasing sexual activities among youth. However, there islack of study about the sexual behaviour of students joining newly established universities in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study willhelp to fill the existing information gap and provide data to take immediate evidence based action.Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the risky sexual behaviour and factors contributing to it in the face ofsexually transmitted infections (STI) including HIV/AIDS among Samara University studentsMethods: The study was conducted in Samara University, Ethiopia from Nov. 10, 2009 to Jan.10, 2010 using across-sectional study design. Questionnaires were self-administered to 422 randomly selected Samara University students. Sixfocus group discussions and three interviews with key informants were also conducted with purposively selected students andstudents’ dean, students’ clinic head and students’ council president, respectively. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressionsanalysis with 95% confidence intervals were used. Qualitative data were transcribed, translated, and manually analysed withselected themes.Results: Out of the total respondents, 186(47.9%) of students had sexual experience. Of the 186 sexually experiencedstudents, 112(43.4%) were male and 74(58.7%) were female (p=0.002). In this study, 54.3% of students had sex in theprevious one year whereas 27.7% of them had more than one sexual partner., 72.3 had unplanned/unwanted sex, 55.6 % hadvisited commercial sex workers and 45.7% of the students had sex in exchange for money or gifts in the past one year. Gender,risk perception and having multiple sexual partnerships have found positive association to have had sex. Females were 4 timesmore likely to have sex than males (95%CI; (1.72, 11.59). STI including HIV/AIDS risk perception is a strong predictor ofhaving sex in the last 12 months and multiple sexual partnership (AOR=9.1; 95%CI, (2.59, 31.93, AOR=10.015; 95%CI,2.70-37.78), respectively.Conclusion: The study population are vulnerable to STI including HIV because of their sexual behaviour. Sexual andreproductive health services to reduce risky sexual behaviours and to promote reproductive health education should be designedand improved for university students especially in the universities established in the rural setting like Samara University(Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health , 2012,6(1): 70-81).1
Risky sexual practices among private college students: A cross-sectional study at Central University College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Asres Abyot
Published: August 2024

Background; Individuals engaged in risky sexual behavior are at risk for negative consequences such as sexually transmit- ted infections (STIs), Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and unwanted pregnancies.
Objectives; to assess the magnitude and factors associated with risky sexual practices among regular students of the Lan-
cia campus of Central University College
Methodology; Institution based cross sectional study was conducted among 197 regular students of the Lancia campus
of Central University College, one of the pioneer private colleges in Ethiopia. Data were collected with pretested self ad- ministered structured questionnaire, and processed on SPSS statistical software.
Result; Fifty four percent of the students are sexually active of whom 32.6% had risky sexual practices. The students are
practicing a wide range of sexual practices, including having multiple sexual partners, having sex with commercial sex workers, having sex with the same sex and other than vaginal route sexual intercourse. The person living with perceived parents’ economy, marital status, alcohol intake, route of sexual intercourse and age at first sex initiation are factors signif- icantly associated with risky sexual practices.
Conclusion and recommendations; The majorities of the students in private higher institutions are sexually active
and practicing a wide range of risky sexual practices. Risky sexual practice is associated with the individual demographics and lifestyle, parents' characteristics and school environment. Hence targeted intervention involving students, parents and school administration and in-depth qualitative studies are required to curb the prevailing risky practices (Ethiopian Jour- nal of Reproductive Health, 2014, Volume 7(1), 2-10).

Key Words; Risky sexual practice, HIV infection, unwanted pregnancy, college students, Ethiopia
RISK FACTORS FOR MATERNAL MORTALITY AMONG ECLAMPTICS IN HAWASSA UNIVERSITY REFERRAL HOSPITAL, 2016
Authors: F Samson , Z. Kasay
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Globally eclampsia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality during pregnancy,
child birth and puerperium. Early intervention and provision of critical care for those at risk of significant morbidity
and mortality is important.
OBJECTIVE: To identify important risk factors for maternal mortality among eclamptic women managed in
Hawassa University Referral Hospital.
METHODOLOGY: A five years retrospective case - control analysis of risk factors for maternal mortality among
eclamptic women was done. Cases were those mothers who died and the controls were those who survived. Data
was collected from patient charts and variables were assessed among cases and controls to identify risk factors for
mortality. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and P- values were computed.
RESULTS: The majority of eclamptics were below 26 years of age, 95 (65 %); primigravida, 76 (52 %) and from
out of Hawassa, 95 (65 %). Five or more convulsions before admission (OR = 3.90, 95%CI, 1.64 – 9.37), creatinine
level above 0.9 mg/dl (0R = 7.73, 95%CI, 2.84 – 21.63) and platelet count less than 100,000/mm3 (OR =
11.20, 95%CI, 3.70 – 36.32) were significantly associated with the risk of mortality at admission. The case fatality
rate of eclampsia was 24% and the most important causes of deaths were respiratory failure and acute renal
failure.
CONCLUSION: Closer follow up should be considered for those eclamptics with 5 or more convulsions before
admission; and elevated creatinine level and thrombocytopenia at admission. The quality of care provided in the
intensive care unit should be improved.
KEY WORDS: Eclampsia, Risk factors for maternal mortality at admission
(Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health 2016; 8:8--18)
TRENDS OF LUNG FUNCTION INDICES, ARTERIAL BLOOD OXYGEN SATURATION AND PULSE RATE AMONG THE FIRST AND THIRD TRIMESTER PREGNANT WOMEN IN ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA
Authors: D Haile , Y Abebe
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT:
OBJECTIVE: Comparative analysis of the effects of middle-level altitude pregnancy on lung function indices,
blood oxygen saturation and pulse rate as a function of gestational weeks.
STUDY DESIGN: This is a Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in Tikur Anbessa hospital, a tertiary
university hospital and Lideta Health Center a public health center located in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Participants: 123 pregnant women including 40 in their first and 83 in their third trimester
RESULTS: maternal height was positively correlated with FVC and FEV1 but not with PEFR (r=0.68 ; p
A RECURRENT LACTATING VULVAR BREAST AND GIGANTOMASTIA DEVELOPING DURING PREGNANCY: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Negash Mekonnen , Tsegaye Bokre , Ergete Yewondwossen , Schneider Jacob
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT Gigantomastia during pregnancy is a rare disorder that is characterized by diffuse, extreme, and incapacitating breast hypertrophy. Ectopic breast tissue is defined as glands of breast tissue located outside of the normal anatomic breasts. The factors controlling breast growth are complex and not completely understood. Breast tissue including ectopic displays all of the characteristics of normal breast tissue including growth during puberty, pregnancy and lactation. Cases of ectopic vulvar lactating breast with gigantomastia have been described in only few cases in the literature. Hence, we present this rare case of a gravid patient with recurrent lactating vulvar breast and gigantomastia. This was managed conservatively with postpartum resolution of gigantomastia and excision of the vulvar mass. (Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health 2017;9:1-6)
Editorial Preface of the Second Volume of JAEST
Authors: Dr. Abdelhak Mabrouki  , Prof. Adel Benchaban
Published: August 2024

Following the success of the inaugural JAEST volume (2014‐2015), we are pleased to present the second regular volume completedin December 2016 with two issues, six papers in English and nine in French. Basic content of French papers (title, abstract andkeywords) are published also in English, which becomes the main language of the international scientific community.This volume is published in both electronic and print versions by the Faculty of Sciences and Technology, FST, of the University ofBiskra (Algeria). It is presented with three sections, namely: Section A (Electrical, Electronics and Automatic Engineering); Section B(Thermal, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) and Section C (Geotechnical and Civil Engineering).In 2016, JAEST has recorded a remarkable progress concerning the development of the editorial team by the appointment of anExecutive Editor‐in‐Chief, an associate Editor and six Section Editors. Considering readers’ suggestions and feedbacks, this year ismarked in particular by the improvement of the quantity, the quality and the appearance of published papers. Indeed, fortypercent of the authors of this Volume are researchers from the outside of the University of Biskra and half of them are from fourinternational institutions: France, United Kingdom and United States. Our goal is to continue working to get a journal thatpublishes quality papers which are not only read, but also cited as a reference for all researchers.Finally, we would like to thank the university officials for their support and the readers, authors, reviewers and editors of JAEST fortheir contribution to the development of the journal. Please, contact us with ideas and suggestions to improve the quality andvisibility of JAEST.