bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Beneficial Effects of Scrophularia atropatana Methanolic Extract on Myocardial Infarction in Rats
Authors: Shayesteh Sevda , Garjani Alireza , Azadi Saeed , Asgharian Parina
Published: July 2023

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death among cardiovascular diseases. Reperfusion, the most harmful phase, is accompanied by inflammatory, oxidative, and apoptotic cascades in cardiomyocytes, impairing the hemodynamic and histologic status of the cardiac tissue. The Scrophularia genus is well known for the cardioprotective effects of its species, showing beneficial impacts on blood pressure and arrhythmias in previous studies. Objectives: Regarding the mechanisms involved in MI and the cardioprotective effects of the Scrophularia genus, in this study, we evaluated the cardioprotective effects of Scrophularia atropatana on MI. Methods: Isoproterenol (ISO) injections (100 mg/kg, sc, 24-hour intervals) were used to induce MI in rats. In intervention groups, two hours after the first ISO injection, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg S. atropatana extract was administered by gavage (24-hour intervals) for three days. Cardiac hemodynamic parameters were measured by placing a catheter into the right carotid artery and the left ventricle. Total antioxidant status (TAS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactate levels, and histopathologic changes were evaluated. Results: Induction of MI was accompanied by declined median arterial pressure (MAP), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels. In contrast, the heart rate, left ventricle end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), malondialdehyde (MDA), and lactate levels were elevated in the MI group. Scrophularia atropatana treatment increased the MAP, LVSP, and TAS levels and significantly reduced the heart rate, LVEDP, MDA, and lactate levels. Also, S. atropatana treatment prevented histopathologic changes post-MI. Conclusions: The improving effects of S. atropatana on MI injuries suggest its potential as a complementary cardioprotective medication.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of COVID-19 in the General Population of the Southeastern Region in Iran
Authors: Noori Noormohammad , Teimouri Alireza , Khalili Manijeh , Boryri Tahereh
Published: July 2023

Background: It is necessary to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic for good management and intervention. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the KAP of the public population regarding COVID-19 in the southeastern region of Iran. Methods: A self-constructed questionnaire based on the literature was developed. The items were asked from the participants via a telephone interview in Zahedan, Iran, during September and October 2020. This study evaluated the association of demographic and socioeconomic information using KAP scales. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 20.00). A significance level of 0.05 was considered for the study. Results: A total of 524 participants accepted to have an interview via telephone in the study. About 17% and 10.10% of the participants had poor and excellent knowledge, respectively. Moreover, 72.9% and 66.6% of the respondents had good knowledge and attitude, respectively. The practice was good in 42.4%of the participants. Overall, 73.3% of the subjects had good KAP. Gender had a significant association with attitude toward COVID-19 (χ2 = 18.85; P < 0.001). Place of living did not have any significant association with all scales and overall KAP. Marital status had a significant association with attitude (χ2 = 15.89; P = 0.003), practice (χ2 = 9.60; P = 0.048), and KAP (χ2 = 18.64; P < 0.001) of COVID-19. Education had a significant association with attitude (χ2 = 19.58; P = 0.012), practice (χ2 = 20.26; P < 0.001), and KAP (χ2 = 28.98; P < 0.001) regarding COVID-19. Occupation had a significant association with knowledge (χ2 = 26.94; P < 0.001), practice (χ2 = 15.65; P = 0.017), and KAP (χ2 = 22.29; P < 0.001) regarding COVID-19. Conclusions: The majority of the participants had great knowledge, a positive state of attitude, and acceptable practice. Although the findings are reasonable, it is recommended that the public should proceed to reinforce knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19.
YÜKSELEN EKONOMİLERDE BEŞERİ SERMAYE UNSURLARINDAN SAĞLIK HARCAMALARI İLE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLİŞKİLERİ
Authors: SADEGHZADEH EMSEN Hatıra , YURTTANÇIKMAZ Ziya Çağlar , EMSEN Ömer Selçuk
Published: July 2023

Beşeri sermaye insanın donanımını artırıcı faaliyetleri ifade ederken, sağlık harcamaları da donanımlı olsun olmasın, insani boyutta nitelikli yaşamayı sağlayan asli unsurlardandır. Bu kapsamında ülkeler geliştikçe kaliteli bir yaşam arzusuna paralel olarak insana verilen değerin artması sağlık harcamalarını artıran önemli bir unsurdur. Sağlık harcamalarının artması hem arz hem de talep boyutuyla ekonomik büyüme üzerinde önemli etkiler oluşturur olmuştur. Bu çalışmada sağlık harcamalarının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkileri yükselen ekonomiler olarak adlandırılan 19 ülke ve 2000-2019 dönemi için panel veri analizi ile incelenmiştir. Çalışmada kişi başına gelir üzerinde kişi başı sermaye stoku ve kişi başı sağlık harcamalarının etkisi incelenmiştir. Kişi başı gelir üzerine kişi başı sermaye ve kişi başı sağlık harcamalarındaki %1’lik bir artışın sırasıyla %0.27 ve %0.15 etkileri olduğu görülmüştür. Elde edilen bu sonuçlar yükselen ekonomilerde büyümenin sürdürülebilirliği açısından sağlık harcamalarının ihmal edilmemesi gerektiğini göstermiştir.
Diccionari de patologia i manteniment d'edificis
Authors: Díaz Gómez César , Llovera Sílvia , Noro Montserrat
Published: July 2023

La creixent importància que van adquirint les intervencions de tota índole als edificis existents, des dels més antics fins als més recents, fa necessari conèixer i usar correctament l'específic lèxic dels àmbits temàtics que d'una forma més directa hi estan relacionats. Aquest diccionari es proposa compilar, adequar, completar i, si pot ser, fixar el llenguatge tècnic en dos d'aquests àmbits: el de la patologia i el del manteniment dels edificis. Dos extensos àmbits que n'abasten d'altres també molt amplis i de límits difusos, com ara els de la diagnosi, la reparació i la rehabilitació d'edificis. Cal esmentar el fet que aquest diccionari va adreçat als tècnics i futurs tècnics que d'alguna de les moltes formes possibles -fent projectes, dirigint obres, fent dictàmens o peritatges, etc.- treballen o treballaran en el món de l'edificació, i que una de les seves fites és donar un pas més en la progressiva tasca de divulgació del llenguatge tècnic i matisació del seu ús. És per això que no s'ha evitat l'adopció de termes i la inclusió o adaptació de definicions d'altres fonts lexicogràfiques o bibliogràfiques, entre les quals s'ha de remarcar el Diccionari manual de la construcció editat per l'ITEC, veritable i imprescindible referent terminològic del lèxic català modern del sector de la construcció. Com tot diccionari, no és una obra acabada i tancada, sinó que confia la seva progressiva millora en els comentaris i observacions dels que el consultin i en successives revisions i ampliacions.
Salinización de las aguas subterráneas en los acuíferos costeros mediterráneos e insulares españoles
Authors: Custodio Gimena Emilio
Published: July 2023

Este informe tiene por objetivo una recopilación ordenada y clasificada de la documentación e información que se ha podido obtener sobre la salinización de los acuíferos costeros enfocada a las áreas costeras mediterráneas españolas de la Península Ibérica y los archipiélagos de Baleares y Canarias. No se trata de una recopilación ni exhaustiva ni detallada, sino la que permite evaluar los principales problemas bajo sus distintos aspectos: hidrológicos, hidrogeológicos, económicos, administrativo–legales, sociales, ambientales y éticos, dentro de las limitaciones de tiempo y de recursos económicos.
Resiliencia frente a violencia : construcción de futuros en Pinares de Oriente, Medellín
Authors: Aquilué Junyent Inés , Ajenjo Puigderrajols Oriol , Cabrera Pérez Carlos , Infantes López David , Rodríguez i Martínez Eduard , Sunyer Bernaus Laura
Published: July 2023

Resiliencia es proyectar el futuro desde la adversidad en un proceso evolutivo e irreversible de individuos y comunidades. La violencia ha sido ejercida durante décadas sobre gran parte de las poblaciones rurales e indígenas de Colombia, provocando uno de los mayores éxodos de la historia contemporánea. Desde la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) hemos trabajado con una de las comunidades desplazadas más vulnerables de la ciudad de Medellín, conociendo sus necesidades y actuando en pro de una mejora de su situación urbana y agrícola. Desde nuestras disciplinas, el urbanismo, la arquitectura y la ingeniera, nos inmiscuimos en la realidad de la Comunidad Pinares de Oriente, y en su lucha por el mejoramiento integral de su barrio. Aquí, se recoge el trabajo y las experiencias de los miembros de la UPC Oriol Ajenjo, Carlos Cabrera, David Infantes, Eduard Rodríguez y Laura Sunyer, y de los coordinadores del proyecto, la Comunidad Pinares de Oriente, el profesor Rafael Rueda de la Escuela del Hábitat de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia y la doctora arquitecta y profesora de la UPC Inés Aquilué.
+ El mito de la sostenibilidad : apuntes para un aprendizaje ecocrítico
Authors: Barricarte Armendáriz Gemma
Published: July 2023

Conferència inicial del Màster universitari en Arquitectura de l'Escola Tècnica Superior d'Arquitectura de Barcelona
Implementation of Working Discipline In Improving Employee Performance: Case Study on the CV. XYZ
Authors: Apriyani Apriyani , Isyanto Puji , Yani Dini
Published: July 2023

CV. XYZ is a company engaged in trading goods and services. Employee performance in the organization refers to the ability of employees to carry out the overall tasks that are their responsibility. The importance of employee quality in improving company performance, especially in trade and services, encourages management to always provide coaching and development of existing human resources through training and work motivation to all employees, which are the main variables in improving the quality of their performance. This study aims to determine the application of work discipline in improving the performance of CV employees. XYZ. The method used in this study is a descriptive analysis method with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques by interviewing and observation. It can be concluded that the application of employee discipline CV. XYZ is still not good because employees are still late for work, play games during working hours, and always procrastinate. The lack of responsibility of employees occurs due to a lack of awareness of each employee.
The Influence of Education, Training, and Competency on the Performance of PT. XYZ
Authors: Wulandari Anggita , Sungkono Sungkono
Published: July 2023

One way to improve the quality of PT. XYZ is implemented, planned, and systematically through education, training, and existing competencies. In other words, the importance of education and training in the organization is the improvement of employee performance which includes knowledge and skills that support, as well as the formation of the attitude of each employee as desired by the organization. This study uses an explanatory type of research with a quantitative approach. The independent variables used in this study were education and training (X1) with formal and non-formal education indicators, competence (X2) with indicators of leadership training, functional training, and technical training. The dependent variables in this study are performance with indicators of quantity, quality, and attitude/reliability.
Pendidikan Islam Pada Masa Awal di Indonesia
Authors: Harlinda  , Bahaking Rama  , Muhammad Yahdi
Published: July 2023

Education in Indonesia has been running on the basis of a duality between general education and religious education, resulting in a separation between secular knowledge and religious knowledge. This has been the case since the colonial Dutch government introduced a secular education system. This journal article will discuss the history of the development of Islamic education in Indonesia, Islamic educational institutions that emerged in the early period of Indonesia, and the progress of Islamic education in Indonesia. This research is entirely literature-based (Library Research), where data is gathered through library resources such as books. This type of research is qualitative in nature, employing the method of historical research, specifically heuristic and data collection techniques through literature review. The data processing in this study involves: (1) Inductive approach, which entails interpreting and analyzing specific data to draw general understandings and conclusions; (2) Deductive approach, which involves interpreting and analyzing general data to derive specific understandings and conclusions; (3) Comparative approach, which entails comparing one set of data with another to draw conclusions. The results of this research indicate that since the early development of Islam, education has been given top priority by the Muslim community in Indonesia due to its significant importance. The interest in Islamization has motivated Muslims to carry out Islamic teachings, even within a very simple system, where teaching is conducted through halaqah sessions held in places of worship such as mosques, prayer rooms, and even in the homes of religious scholars. In the initial stage, Islamic education took place informally. Many Muballighs (Islamic preachers) provided exemplary examples and demonstrated noble character, which attracted the communities they visited to embrace Islam. Some of the early Islamic educational institutions that emerged in Indonesia were mosques and langgars, pesantren (Islamic boarding schools), meunasah, rangkang, and surau
Meningkatan Kemampuan Berbicara Siswa melalui Storytelling pada Siswa Kelas II MI Al- Irsyad Kota Tangerang
Authors: Zuliani Rizki , Heni Nur , Sakina Syera Putri
Published: July 2023

Speaking skill is the ability to pronounce or pronounce an idea that exists in an individual which involves several aspects of pronunciation, vocabulary, and structure. This study aims to find out that there is a problem how to describe the improvement of speaking skills through storytelling in class II students of Mi Al-Irsyad, Tangerang City. The research method used is classroom action research (PTK) with data collection techniques of observation, tests, and interviews. The main objective of PTK is to solve real problems that occur in the classroom and increase the real activities of teachers in their professional development. The results of the study showed that there was an increase in speaking skills if the average score on student test results increased, namely individual absorption of at least 70 and classically 85% of students could speak. In addition, there was also a change in students' attitudes during the learning process which was marked by the activeness of students in expressing opinions, answering questions, the level of self-confidence, the use of appropriate language when telling stories, and responsibility in the learning process.
Pemahaman dan Penanganan Kesulitan Membaca pada Anak-anak Kelas II: Studi Kasus di SD Negeri 54/I Bajubang
Authors: Anggun Sonia , Lusi Yanti Dwi , Puspitri Mayangsari , Putri Rosadi Dwi
Published: July 2023

This study aims to describe the reading challenges faced by second-grade students at SD Negeri 54/I Bajubang and the contributions of teachers in addressing these challenges. A descriptive qualitative methodology is employed in this research. Educators and second-grade students from SD Negeri 54/I Bajubang participated in this study. Interviewing, observation, and documentation are some of the data collection techniques employed. The collected data are analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, which involves data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Based on the findings, the reading comprehension issues among some second-grade students at SD Negeri 54/I Bajubang reached 70%. Students who struggle with reading often face difficulties in letter recognition, reading meaningful and meaningless words, reading fluently and comprehending the text, and listening or comprehending auditory information.
Islamisasi Pengetahuan Syed Naquib Al-Attas dan Ismail Al-Faruqi
Authors: Coil Coil , Aprison Wedra
Published: July 2023

Echols and Hasan Sadily stated that the term "Islamization" comes from the English word "islamization", which means "to convert." When someone hears the word "Islamization of Science", some people feel that certain knowledge is not in accordance with Islam, so it must be Islamized. The two main figures, Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas and Ismail Raji Al Faruqi, are usually the center of attention when people talk about the Islamization of science. In terms of epistemology, al-Attas and al-Faruqi agree that science is not value-free but bound by values that are considered true. They also agree that science has the same goal, and its conception is based on the principles of metaphysics, ontology, epistemology, and axiology with monotheism as the key. While there are many similarities between the two, they differ in several fundamental ways. To achieve the success of the goal of Islamization, al-Attas places more emphasis on the subject than knowledge, namely humans, by cleansing the soul and adorning it with commendable qualities, so that the process of Islamization of knowledge will result in personal transformation as well as spiritual and Islamic Islam as a whole. However, al-Faruqi put more emphasis on the subject intended to be Islamized, namely the discipline itself.
An Innovative Internet of Things Access Architecture for a Car Monitoring System
Authors: Koti Valli Madhavi , Kumar D.H.S. , G.Nagalakshmi
Published: July 2023

Monitoring traffic, providing medical care, and other industrial uses are just a few of the many promising new uses for the Internet of Things. As time goes on, more and more ”things” will be able to connect to the Internet of Things. Given the vast variety of ”things” that need to be linked, the provision of a universal access mechanism to the Internet of Things is a crucial and basic challenge. The necessity of connectivity within the IoT makes this point extremely salient. In this research, we present an innovative approach to IoT access architecture that makes use of system-on-chip (SoC) and field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technology. This design has the potential to serve as a gateway for both low- and high-speed devices to connect to the Internet of Things with the correct level of adaptability and configurability. The provided notion is utilised in a vehicle tracking system that is based on the IEEE1451.2 standard. The findings provide strong evidence that the technology will perform admirably in real-world applications.
Technology based on the Internet of Things to Monitor Animals
Authors: Boga Jayaram , T.Sunitha  , K.Manjula
Published: July 2023

Improving existing animal husbandry practices is essential before introducing grazing animals to vineyards. In order to provide this type of assistance, it is necessary to monitor and condition the animals’ whereabouts and actions, especially their feeding posture. Using this strategy, sheep could graze in agricultural areas (such vineyards and orchards) without fear of harming them. Based on these findings, we have created an IoT-based platform for tracking animal habits. To facilitate unattended shepherding of ovine within vineyard areas, the system integrates a local Internet of Things network for data collection from the animals with a cloud platform with data dispensationalso storage competences. As a result, the system can tend to ovine flocks. Easy analysis and interpretation of Internet of Things (IoT) data is made possible by the machine learning capabilities built into the cloud platform. Therefore, we shall not only outline the platform but also supply some machine learning platform-specific results. To be more specific, testing looked at how well this platform could identify and characterize disorders related to animal posture. This page offers a comparison of the tested approaches because multiple algorithms were used.
Precision Agriculture and the Role of Machine Learning
Authors: Gopathoti Kiran Kumar
Published: July 2023

Agriculture and related industries employ approximately seventieth of India’s labour force, while agriculture contributes approximately seventeen percent of India’s gross domestic product (GDP). In addition to the production of food, revenue, and jobs, the agricultural sector is responsible for the production of a diverse range of other goods and services. In addition to the provision of necessary primary resources, this is another purpose served by it. However, many of the practices that are used in current crop farming can trace their roots back several hundred years earlier. When trying to forecast which crops will flourish in different climates, Indian farmers still have a difficult time because there is not enough information available. The purpose of this research is to provide a summary of the numerous and varied strategies that AI has been suggested using to boost agricultural production in various regions of the world. The overall notion that directs the use of these strategies is known as ”precision agriculture,” and the idea of ”crop recommender systems” is a subset of that concept. This study presents a variety of different methodologies, some of which includeSimilarity-based Models, KNN, Ensemble-based Models, Neural Networks, and many more. In order to create recommendations that optimize productivity while minimizing costs, these algorithms take into account not only the profile also texture of the soil but also the weather and temperature.
Machine learning model for prediction and visualization of HIV index testing in northern Tanzania
Authors:   , Chikusi Happyness
Published: July 2023

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) continue to pose a threat to Tanzanian society. Various tactics have been used to improve the number of persons who are aware of their HIV status. Index testing stands out among these methods as the most effective way to count the number of HIV contacts who may be at risk of catching HIV from HIV-positive individuals. The current HIV index testing, however, is manual, which presents a number of difficulties, including inaccuracies, is time consuming, and is expensive to operate. In order to forecast and depict HIV index testing, this study presents the findings of the machine-learning model. The software development procedure was in accordance with agile software development principles. The regions of Kilimanjaro, Arusha, and Manyara in Tanzania are where the data was gathered which consisted of 11 features and 6346 samples. The dataset was then separated into training sets with 5075 samples each and testing sets with 1270 samples (80/20). The datasets were subjected to the methods Random Forest (RF), XGBoost, and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Random forest MAE (1.1261), XGBoost MAE (1.2340), and ANN MAE (1.1268) were the three results obtained. Random forest algorithms had the lowest mean absolute errors (MAE). Therefore, RF appearing to have the highest performance when compared to the other two algorithms. In comparison to men (17.4%), data visualization reveals that females are more likely to test for HIV and to name their partners (82.6%). Additionally, there were higher instances of persons listing and mentioning their partners in the Kilimanjaro region. This work helped us realize the importance of machine learning in predicting and visualizing HIV index tests in general. The created model can help decision-makers build a viable intervention to stop the spread of HIV and AIDS in our communities. The report suggests that health centers in other areas employ this concept to make their work more straightforward.
IoT based system for monitoring and control data center temperature at Habari Node Company
Authors:   , Ciza Innocent
Published: July 2023

The Internet of Things (IoT) Based Systems have improved the way of life of companies as well as individuals. Through interconnected objects via intranet and Internet, IoT technologies enhance the productivities of businesses by reducing the wastage of time, reducing the expenses of the businesses by its low-cost property. The IoT is empowered by a system of detection, actuation, control, and cloud storage. IoT technologies should be applied to monitor the change of the value of valuables like temperature, voltage, gas and liquid level, etc.; it helps to get the record of the change in the value of the valuables detected. The proposed system was developed to monitor and control data center temperature through ESP32 board, DHT22 module, relays and ThingSpeak cloud. To significantly reduce the power consumption of the cooling devices, the system uses a cooling device backup which can be controlled by a microcontroller through a smartphone over the Internet. Moreover, the system assists the data center manager by automatically switching on the backup in case of the failure of one working cooling device. However, an email address and SMS are sent to the data center manager at any time when there is a collected value that is not in the normal temperature range. As a result, the project enhances the productivity of the company by reducing the cost expended in the data center infrastructure, and by reducing the activities performed by a data center manager.
A prediction tool for dolutegravir associated hyperglycaemia among HIV patients in Uganda
Authors:   , Favor Wisdom
Published: July 2023

The initiation of Dolutegravir based antiretroviral therapy has provided a potent treatment option for persons living with human immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV). However, clinical research has shown overwhelming evidence that use Dolutegravir (DTG) results into consequential hyperglycaemia. The incidence and prevalence rates of Dolutegravir associated hyperglycaemia among PLHIV are unknown. Therefore, identification of patients susceptible to dolutegravir associated hyperglycaemia is critical to lessening morbidity and mortality associated with uncontrolled high blood glucose level among patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and care. The current procedures practiced in screening for hyperglycemia among PLHIV being switched to DTG and DTG Associated Hyperglycemia related literature were appraised. Various machine learning classification algorithms were employed to come up with the most appropriate model. The purpose of the study was to develop an efficient DTG associated hyperglycaemia Screening tool for treatment experienced PLHIV being switched to DTG in Uganda. The study found Extreme Gradient Boost Classification model as the best with performance and evaluation metrics as follows: model accuracy is 0.99, probability to classify positives is 0.87, precision probability for predicting positives is 0.67, Area under the receiver operating Characteristic curve is 0.90, Area under a precision, recall curve as 0.86, F1 score is 0.76, and Cohen Kappa score as 0.72 inter alia. Therefore, the study recommends the adoption and use of the DTG associated hyperglycaemia screening tool while switching HIV treatment experienced patients to a DTG based regimen. This is because the world over is using Machine learning tools to support Medicare. The researcher also suggests stratifying the data by gender and build DTG associated prediction models for women and men separately because men are not affected in any by variables of pregnancy and post-menopausal phase like women. The research proses lessening of bureaucratic tendencies and high charges levied on research protocols and data acquisition as a way of promoting these innovative studies among others.
Development of web-based system for tracking students’ performance for early intervention: a case of darling wisdom academy
Authors:   , Garang Thon
Published: July 2023

Student Information System (SIS) is critical for the effective operation of institutions of learning because it tracks student performance and allows for early intervention. The project's goal was to develop a functional, flexible, and convenient web-based SIS with user-friendly interface for enhancing students’ performance tracking for early intervention. During the requirements elicitation process, the project included benchmarking of other schools’ SIS. Benchmarking and user interviews were used to obtain requirements for the SIS. The system was developed through Rapid Application Development (RAD) and tested with unit, system, and integration testing. The survey showed that the system is 70% user-friendly, the system will provide easy interaction between students, parents, guardian, and school by 70%, 71% believe the technology will make student data management easier as 73% believe the system will help keep better records. The system provides a single login interface for school general secretary, students, and parents/guardians. The SIS allows students to monitor their academic progress, school management and designated staff manage student results, school general secretary deals with all aspects of system administration pertaining SIS. Secure Socket layer (SSL) certificate installed on the institutional domain where Information System (SI) is hosted. Object-orient Programming (OOP), prepared statements and password encryption were applied for IS security enhancement. SIS files and database were backup using JetBackup and log files were developed to enhance accountability. The efficiency and effectiveness of schools are dependent on the adoption of the SIS. The SIS provides timely student information to students, school management and parents. This system, however, will have to be integrated to other IS’s of DWA to achieve consistent data flow within the institution.
Development of an internet of things based customer water-meter reading system at Arusha city
Authors:   , Msisi Zuhura
Published: July 2023

Water management is a fundamental factor that helps to make sure that water is available and well utilized. Meter reading process is required by Arusha Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority (AUWSA) so as to be able to bill the clients according to their water usage. Currently, the process of meter reading is manual which require at the end of each month, meter reading officials from AUWSA have to read all the meters in Arusha, the process which cost AUWSA time and financial resources. The objective of this project was therefore, to develop an IoT based customer water meter system where meter readings can be automated and the readings sent to the cloud. The AUWSA then receives the readings on a weekly basis and can continue with reading verification and billing. The Method used on the development of this system is a Dynamic System Development Method (DSDM) which is one of the methods in Agile methodology. The system is recommended to solve the existing challenges of reading of water meters and improve customer satisfaction in water service and management. Preliminary results of the prototype testing indicate that the system would send readings data to the server as well as the nodes receiving the instructions from the server. The developed prototype would also send weekly messages to customers about their weekly usage. This communication allows any billing issues to be resolved timely. Also, the system would highlight the readings which are doubtful for example zero readings for easily notification and verification.
The Penetration of French Terms into the English-Speaking Diplomatic Discourse
Authors: Sargsyan Ella
Published: July 2023

Key words: interrelation, penetration, diplomatic terms and phrases, borrowings, interaction, French influence, international relations, vocabulary, political discourse, negotiations, loan words

In the history of the English language, French has long been considered to be the ideal “donor” language. Since the Norman Conquest, French has brought new words to the English vocabulary. Many studies of the language and its evolution have focused their linguistic attention on the French effect on the lexicon of English. Vocabulary has always been the most dynamic aspect of a language. France was a major military, economic, and cultural power for hundreds of years, and as a result, French became the universal language of politics. Diplomatic correspondence between various nations was conducted in French. The French language is still well-represented in the terminology of diplomacy. At one time the famous British diplomat Harold Nicholson called French the language of “geometric precision”.
French, with its accuracy, lexical composition and syntax, have contributed, like other languages, to the improvement of diplomatic negotiations conducted in English. And what does diplomacy mean if not the art of negotiation, in which language plays a key role. English, having proven itself in the field of science, in the field of diplomacy, shows the huge impact of French especially through its vocabulary. The French language, thanks to its precision and clarity, clearly indicates the great influence on English. French influence on English has proven many times its legal precision that suits international negotiations. After so many years of dominating international relations French has had directly a great impact on the English diplomatic practice.
Personality Type in the Works of V. Mughnetsyan
Authors: Tumanyan Susanna
Published: July 2023

Key words: image, figurative thinking, type, image-character, personality, individuality, strength, heredity.

The newest period of the modern Armenian literature starting from the 60s of the 20th century has strengthened the vein of a person’s glorification, meanwhile unchaining him from the often stereotyped images. The problems of individualization, persuasiveness, originality and truthfulness of the characters in fiction have acquired paramount importance.
The interest towards these aspects is also evident in V. Mughnetsyan’s works, more particularly in his collection “Multipath” and his novels “Sacrifice-offering”, “Aliz”, “New Comers”, and “Taboo”.
In his works V. Mughnetsyan accentuates the personality type and his philosophy of life. The characters are inseparable from time, environment, and roots. The ancestral memory of the image-characters created by him seeks to determine the genetic code of the people. The person, immersed in himself, analyzes his actions, “anatomizes” himself in search of his individuality, in search of his own personality.
V. Mugnetsyan’s characters are direct bearers of epicism: they are strong and open to the surrounding world. They often embrace the pain of the thousand-year old human past, painfully noting that they have departed from their origins, from the “fabulous apple snatchers”, from their mythical ancestors (David, Mher, and others). Meanwhile the author highlights not only the natural essence of his characters, but also their spiritual and moral connections with the original human.
In his works the writer has managed to solve the difficult task of creating image-characters by revealing their intuitive nature, psychologically grounded conflicts, including those between the hero and his “inner character”.
Mughnetsyan has achieved individualization of his characters by emphasizing the character type, recognizing the importance of strength (physical and spiritual), relating spiritual strength to the character type. The writer puts personality types at the core of the complex relationships of the images and their multi-level connections.
The Historical and Political Portrait of Time in Tamar Hovhannisyan’s Poetry
Authors: Hovhannnisyan Narine
Published: July 2023

Key words: politics-slaughter of life, woman-creator of life, poetic mirror of the face of time, poignant peer review, a woman’s heart, geopolitical warfare

The light and shadow of time, harmony and ferocity are bipolar phenomena, the ebb and flow of spiritual emotions that determine the pulsating tension of historical and political poetry of Tamar Hovhannisyan. The main research issues in the article are the opposition of the woman-creator of life and politics-slaughter of life in Tamar Hovhannisyan’s poetry and the face of time reflected in a poetic mirror. The political rotation of the Earth in the historicopolitical and historicopsychological poetry of Hovhannisyan penetrates into the heart of a woman, varying from a personal model of psychological perception of time to an impersonal model, from individual to the universal poetry. Tamar Hovhannisyan’s poetry is women’s poetry, which embodies and reflects the tremendous pain caused by a man, the invasion of death into the valley of life, the victory of the hell over the heaven. In her works, the political course of the Earth wails like a stretched nerve string, with variations in voice and style, with the harmony of emotions. Tamar Hovhannisyan’s poetry transforms into the poetic mirror of time, in which her portraits are displayed, refracted and reflected. This is a dramatic poetry of the conflict between a woman and politics, the painful opposition of the life-giving woman to life-destroying geopolitics.
Tamar Hovhannisyan's poetry is exceptional and engrossing with its original art of creating images, a unique rhythm of lines and feminine depths of thoughts and feelings. Combining the peculiarities of Western and Armenian literature, subtly integrating them or making smooth transitions, Hovhannisyan created a deeply personal, but also universal poetry, which is the subject of study for present and future philologists.
The Delegation of the Republic of Armenia at the Conference of Constantinople
Authors: Ghulyan Yurik
Published: July 2023

Key words: Armenian question, conference, delegation, negotiation, territorial issues, ambassador, independence, contract

The signing of the treaty between Turkey and the newly independent Transcaucasian republics took place in Batum without the participation of Germany and Austria-Hungary. Germany, being against the increase of Turkish influence in Transcaucasia at the expense of Germany, made a proposal to review the decisions made in Batum. The Armenian delegation went to Constantinople by the invitation of the Ottoman government. The delegation’s activity was aimed at ensuring the signing of a more favorable agreement compared to the treaty of Batum. The Turks, not attaching any importance to the declaration of independence of Armenia and the documents presented by the Armenian delegates, emphasized that everything came to an end in Batum, the pact was signed thus, it was only necessary for the powers to sign the document. The high-ranking Turkish officials gave abstract and evasive answers to the practical questions of the Armenian delegates, and they unconditionally supported Azerbaijan in territorial issues, resolutely opposing the issue of including Karabakh and Zangezur to Armenia. The Armenian delegation kept hope for the German Empire, but Germany did not intend to extend the patronage of Armenia, let alone protect it from the territorial ambitions of neighboring Georgia and Azerbaijan. Austria-Hungarian Empire also had no desire to spoil relations with Turkey because of Armenia. Hopes to receive Bulgarian support did not have any results either. As in Berlin and Vienna, as well as in Constantinople, the countries of the Quad Union did not want to take upon themselves the issues of the Armenians and offend their ally Turkey. Thus, the conference of Constantinople did not take place. The RA delegation stayed in Constantinople until the terms of the Mudros truce became known and returned to Armenia after a four-year wait.
Polish Press on the Armenian Genocide in 1991-2018
Authors: Matinyan Henri
Published: July 2023

Key words: the Armenians, Turkey, Poland, Yeghern, massacre, newspaper, recognition, condemnation

The article prօvides a comprehensive analysis of the coverage of the Armenian Genocide in the Polish press in 1990-2018. Polish newspapers with the highest rating and reputation were selected for the research. The study illustrates that the Polish press sympathizes with the just demand of the Armenian people, emphasizing the need to recognize and condemn the crime. In many articles, Polish authors draw parallels between the tragic pages in the history of Armenians and Poles, highlighting the need to condemn such crimes in order to avoid similar cases in the future. The framing of the Armenian Genocide has shifted over time in relation to the changing political and social context in Poland. If in the 1990s the moral imperative to recognize the genocide was mainly discussed, then in the 2000s calls for the civilized world to put pressure on Turkey and force it to face the criminal pages of its own history became noticeable. In many articles, the coverage became more critical because of Turkey’s policy of denial. Additionally, the issue of recognition of the Genocide by other countries is analyzed in the context of international political issues. Particularly active discussions are being held in the Polish press about the adoption of a resolution condemning the Armenian Genocide by the Sejm of Poland in 2005, then in 2015 in the lead-up to the centennial anniversary of the Armenian Genocide.
An Overview of Contrastive Analysis of Intonation and Structural-Semantic Characteristics of Disjunctive (Tag Questions) and Alternative Questions in English and Armenian
Authors: Marikyan Nune
Published: July 2023

Key words: communication, interrogative sentences, intonation pattern, question-word, literary speech, colloquial speech, limited choice, comparative analysis

In all languages intonation serves for the external colouring of speech because it is mainly by means of intonation we realize the character of the utterance, i. e, whether the utterance is a question or a declarative sentence (narrative). Moreover, by means of intonation we can express joy, surprise, displeasure or even irritation and anger. During the process of foreign speech-perception (even in case of good knowledge of language), finer shades of meaning uttered with unfamiliar intonation means are lost on the listener. The significance of complete oral speech-meaning presupposes the combination of corresponding proper grammar and lexical structures.
Two aspects should be distinguished in intonation. The first aspect can be called communicative, as through intonation we express complete and non-complete statements, find out whether the uttered statements contain questions or responses and so forth. The second aspect can be called emotional, as intonation contains certain emotional colouring which expresses the emotional state of the speaker, sometimes the speaker’s intention ( not always fully perceived by him) to influence the imagination and the feelings of the listener.
The present research article provides overview of comparative analysis of intonation and structural-semantic characteristics of Disjunctive and Alternative questions in English and Armenian. The contrastive analysis of the intonation and structural-semantic characteristics of the above mentioned questions in English and Armenian, first of all, presupposes the corresponding choice of communicative types of speech which on their turn determine the choice of the similar speaking (speech) situations.
As a result of the analysis of the intonation and structural-semantic characteristics of Disjunctive and Alternative questions in English and Armenian, certain basic similarities and divergences are revealed in contrasted languages.
Discontinuity of Three-Component Verbal Phrasal Units
Authors: Poghosyan Albert
Published: July 2023

Key words: one-word, polyword, classification by quantity, classification by syntactic ratio, proportionate and disproportionate, participial structure

Discontinuity has become material of study in recent years. Before now interjections and introductory words, phrases and sentences have been largely studied, but the discontinuity of phrasal units hasn’t been studied yet.
The constant dependence of components is the most common type of dependence among substantive phraseological units. The complete constancy of the components is by no means a mandatory feature of phraseological units. If a variant appears, the constant dependence can turn into a constant-variant one. Phraseological variants are identical in quality and quantity of meanings, as well as in stylistic and syntactic functions. If phraseological units with partially substituted components have the same number of meanings, but they do not completely coincide, differing in shade, figurativeness, stylistic orientation, the structural synonyms are formed. If the number of meanings does not match, with a partially different lexical composition, with a different figurative basis, even if there is a common meaning, it is not possible to talk about phraseological variation or structural synonymy. Such turns should be considered as independent phraseological units.
In this article, we will consider discontinuity of three-component verbal phrasal units in two main ways: according to the principle of quantitative attribute and syntactic relation.
Discontinuity of three-component verbal phrasal units often occurs with one interval. These may be one-word or polyword, which may or may not be members of the sentence. Discontinuity can perform the role of main and secondary members in the sentence.
Phrasal units are rare with two intervals. In this case, intervals can be one-word or polyword, doing or not doing the position of a sentence member.
The Study of the Features of the Most Usable Russian and English Phrases in the Armenian Classroom
Authors: Aloyan Zhanna , Jaghinyan Nina
Published: July 2023

Key words: linguo-culture, methodological approach, interactive method of teaching, phraseological semantics, language environment, linguistic image of the world, set of meanings

This given article is dedicated to the study analysis of Russian and English phrases from semantic and linguo-cultural perspectives. Through the methods of selection, description, coordination and comparison we’ve observed the semantics of the most usable Russian and English phrases and offered approaches for their study by the first-year students of the «English language and literature» Department. The article presents the most applied phrasal units, their general and specific features. We’ve analyzed a number of phrases, the meanings of which contain national-cultural components.
Having studied the subject matter in depth, we realized that phrases not only represent a linguistic means of expressing the concrete culture and national mentality, but also participate in the formation of the world perception of the given language – bearing people. The study of phrases of different languages necessarily reveals the very common thing that unites peoples, their national ideas, which is conditioned by the historical experience of a specific ethno-cultural community.
Having analyzed the whole material, we came to the conclusion that generalized knowledge about the language is a mandatory condition for universal knowledge, without which it’s quite impossible to study any language, especially in the case when there is no specific language environment.
The facts and linguistic structures presented in the article, in our deep conviction, can become a possible basis for the study of phraseological systems and units of different languages.