bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
d'o: Sensitivity at the optimal criterion location
Authors: Aujla Harinder
Published: June 2022

Signal detection theory (SDT) was developed to provide a measure of the discriminability of a signal against background noise, independently of response bias. However, equal discriminability over a range of bias is only achieved by the traditional signal detection measure d' under a narrow set of conditions – i.e., binormal noise and signal distributions of equal variance and base rates. In response to observed departures from these conditions, more robust alternative measures of d' have been developed, including d_a and, more recently, d'_p . Each of these alternatives address some, but not all, of the difficulties that arise when the assumptions of SDT are violated. Moreover, none of these measures directly follow from a central idea of discriminability by an observer that adopts a minimize error count (MEC) strategy. I propose a new d' alternative, d'_o , that is robust to violations of the standard signal detection assumptions, remains consistent with varying bias, and is grounded in the principle of discriminability following a MEC strategy. Simulations illustrate how d'_o is similar to the recently developed d'_p when the observer optimizes their criterion placement to minimize the number of errors but, unlike d'_p , remains consistent irrespective of the observer’s criterion placement Moreover, unlike d_a , d'_o reflects changes in discriminability related to base rates of signal vs noise presentations. The use of d'_o also has implications for the interpretation of bias metrics, such as β and c, which are examined at the optimal criterion under a variety of conditions.
THE ROLE OF TASK-BASED LEARNING IN TEACHING ENGLISH AT GRADE 8 IN PRIVATE SCHOOLS OF LAHORE- (STUDENTS PERSPECTIVE) A CASE STUDY
Authors: Rana Tayyaba , Urooj Nadia
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study was to explore the outcomes of task-based learning in English language and how the basic language skills can be learned through this methodology effectively. One main research question and six sub questions guided this study. A case study methodology was employed for the research design, and survey questionnaire was chosen for data collection. Data analysis from students revealed that their schools in the city of Lahore are following the task-based methodology as these selected schools are renowned in the city for their learning outcomes and these schools think it quite appropriate for language learning and communicative competence. Role of students and teachers is integral for TBL to be successful since listening, speaking, reading and writing are prominent parts of the English language. The students like task based activities and they like to involve in different tasks but there is a need to initiate and introduce different techniques to enhance their motivation and interest.
Generational Differences in Automobility: Comparing America's Millennials and Gen Xers Using Gradient Boosting Decision Trees
Authors: Wang Kailai , Wang Xize
Published: June 2022

Whether the Millennials are less auto-centric than the previous generations has been widely discussed in the literature. Most existing studies use regression models and assume that all factors are linear-additive in contributing to the young adults' driving behaviors. This study relaxes this assumption by applying a non-parametric statistical learning method, namely the gradient boosting decision trees (GBDT). Using U.S. nationwide travel surveys for 2001 and 2017, this study examines the non-linear dose-response effects of lifecycle, socio-demographic and residential factors on daily driving distances of Millennial and Gen-X young adults. Holding all other factors constant, Millennial young adults had shorter predicted daily driving distances than their Gen-X counterparts. Besides, residential and economic factors explain around 50% of young adults' daily driving distances, while the collective contributions for life course events and demographics are about 33%. This study also identifies the density ranges for formulating effective land use policies aiming at reducing automobile travel demand.
'I will be there as I will be there': Possibilities and limits of resisting definition for a coalition movement
Authors: Augenbraum Audrey
Published: June 2022

Activists must often build coalitions among people and groups who disagree. How do coalition movements manage, and fail to manage, tensions between the different models of social change espoused by members? To answer this question, I conceive of a coalition movement as an unstable series of different performances to multiple audiences. Pressures to formalize sharpen fault lines in a coalition by disrupting activists’ ability to perform. I apply this Goffmanian framework to analyze activists’ interactions, documented in four archives, surrounding the growth and government prosecution of the Sanctuary Movement of the 1980s. I find that activists performed by resisting definition of movement beliefs, practices, and organizational structures. Initially, activists celebrated multiple definitions of Sanctuary. But as government prosecution sought to reduce Sanctuary to a single definition, activists responded by negating definitions of Sanctuary, surfacing latent conflicts in the coalition. These findings point to the conditions under which indeterminacy facilitates coalition building and dissolution. Working paper presented at the 2022 Mobilization Conference in San Diego, California. Please check with the author for updates or corrections before citing the paper.
Preference for Porphyry: Petrographic Insights into Lithic Raw Material Procurement from Palaeolithic Kazakhstan
Authors: Namen Abay , Schmidt Patrick , Varis Aristeidis , Taimagambetov Zhaken , Iovita Radu
Published: June 2022

Only a handful of stratified sites are known in loess, spring, and river contexts in the northern piedmonts of the Tian Shan, and the majority are dated to the Upper Palaeolithic. These sites have been studied from a geoarchaeological perspective, however, lithic procurement activities remain unknown. To address this deficiency, we present the results of the extensive field surveys aimed at locating prehistoric raw material sources in the Inner Asian Mountain Corridor of Kazakhstan. We also provide a detailed petrographic description of the lithologies exploited during the Palaeolithic of Kazakhstan. Based on the field survey results, combined with petrographic data, we conclude that the direct procurement strategy was the most common at the stratified sites. However, evidence of both direct and embedded procurement is found in the northern piedmonts of the Ili Alatau range at the site of Maibulaq. Additionally, we highlight the variation of chert lithologies within the larger Qaratau region, laying a foundation for future provenance studies.
Investigation on the variations of soil properties of different agricultural soils in central Myanmar
Authors:   Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Research, Ministry of Science and Technology, Kyaukse City, Mandalay Region-100301, Myanmar, Lynn Tin Mar , Kyaw Ei Phyu ,   Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Research, Ministry of Science and Technology, Kyaukse City, Mandalay Region-100301, Myanmar, Yu San San ,   Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Research, Ministry of Science and Technology, Kyaukse City, Mandalay Region-100301, Myanmar, Lin Khine Zar ,   Plant and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Research, Ministry of Science and Technology, Kyaukse City, Mandalay Region-100301, Myanmar, Mon Hla ,   Plant and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Research, Ministry of Science and Technology, Kyaukse City, Mandalay Region-100301, Myanmar, Zhran Mostafa ,   Atomic Energy Authority, Nuclear Research Center, Soil & Water Research Department, Abou-Zaabl, 13759, Egypt, Aung Nwe Nwe ,   Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Research, Ministry of Science and Technology, Kyaukse City, Mandalay Region-100301, Myanmar, Thant Sabai ,   Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Research, Ministry of Science and Technology, Kyaukse City, Mandalay Region-100301, Myanmar, Oo Nan Nan ,   Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Research, Ministry of Science and Technology, Kyaukse City, Mandalay Region-100301, Myanmar
Published: June 2022

Soil properties are varied under human disturbance and understanding how the soil properties change is vital to know the potential of soils and their sensitivity to different soil managements. The aim of this study was to analyze the variation in soil physicochemical characters as influenced by different soil managements (orchards, crop rotation, and intensive use of fertilizer), in central dry zone in Myanmar. Eight soil properties such as soil texture, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), total nitrogen, available phosphate (Olsen P), extractable potassium (extractable K), cultivable bacterial counts were analyzed for top soil samples collected from twenty-one agricultural sites which planted for seven different crops. The results showed that studied soil properties except from soil texture were significantly different among studied soils (P<0.05), Olsen P were significantly higher in orchard soils (most intact), than other soil. (OM), (EC), and extractable K were significantly higher in onion soils (intensive use of fertilizer), Clay percent is significantly and positively correlated with most of the soil properties except from Olsen P. These results imply that soil properties are varied based on soil type and land use; therefore, agricultural management is important to maintain and enhance soil physicochemical properties and sustain ecosystem.
Haematological Profile of Preterm Neonates:An Experience of A Specialized Tertiary Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Jahan Asmay , Nahar Nazmun , Akhter Afroza , Sarker Mukta , Rahman Fahmida
Published: June 2022

Background: A complete blood count(CBC) elements that are abnormally high or low can influence our clinical decisions. However, the reference ranges for the various CBC elements in neonates change considerably in respect to gestational age.Objective: To observe and correlate gestational agerelated changes in the haematological profileof the preterm neonates.Methods: This cross-sectional, prospective study was conducted between July 2007 and January 2008 in collaboration between Department of Paediatrics and Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology of Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 49 preterm newborns of different gestational age (28 males and 21 females) included in this study.They were divided into three groups based on their gestational age: group I (30 weeks; n=11), group II (31-33 weeks; n=17) and group III (34-36 weeks; n=21). Within 48 hours of delivery, 1 ml venous blood was collected from each neonate and was sent to the Department of Clinical Pathology of the same hospital. Complete blood count (CBC) was done by using Abbott’s Cell-Dyn 3200 Automated Hematology Analyzer.Results: Significant differences were observed in total count of RBC, WBC, and platelet among those three groups. However, differential count of WBC, heamoglobin level, and haematocrit value among those three groups showed no significant differences (P>0.05). Gestational age showed a positive correlation with total count of RBC (r=0.216; P<0.05). Gestational age had also a positive correlation with neutrophil (r=0.448; P<0.001). Besides, gestational age was negatively correlated with lymphocyte (r=-0.389; P<0.001) However, gestational age did not bear any correlation with total count of WBC, monocyte, and eosinophil. Finally, gestational age was found to bear a positive correlation with heamoglobin level (r=0.412; P<0.001) and haematocrit value (r=0.382; P<0.001).Conclusion: Our data suggest that differences exist in different haematological parameters among preterm neonates of different gestational age.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 06 No. 03 July’22 Page: 275-279
Evaluation of Oral Health Status Among Pregnant Women Using Oral Hygiene Index- Simplified (OHI-S) Score
Authors: Chowdhury Sabrina Farida , Islam Md Nazrul , Sony Sadia Akther
Published: June 2022

Background: Oral health of women is often neglected during pregnancy. We need to address this issue in a developing country’s perspective,as oral healthcare is not an integral part of antenatal protocols.Objective: To evaluate the oral health status of pregnant women using Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S) Score as well as explore oral hygiene practice by them and conduct a mini-assessment of their knowledge of oral health.Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted using data by using a semi-structured questionnaire among 170 pregnant women attending an antenatal center in Dhaka city, Bangladesh,from March to August of 2018. A pre-tested semi structured questionnaire containing OHI-S indexwas used for data collection. Dental mirror and probe were used for oral hygiene assessment.Results: The mean age of the participants was 24.22±5.07 years. 140(82.4%) were found to use toothbrushes as a tooth-cleaning aid and 146(85.9%) used toothpaste as a tooth cleaning material. Among them, 132(94.3%) were found to brush at least once a day. The predominant health problems identified by clinical examination among those pregnant women were gum bleeding, mild to severe periodontitis, halitosis (bad breath) and loose teeth. The majority didnot know the safe period of dental treatment and the consequences of having poor oral health during pregnancy. The overall oral hygiene status of the maximum pregnant women was ‘Fair’ (50.6%) (OHI-S score 0-1.2), while 39.4% had ‘Poor’ oral hygiene status (OHI-S score 1.3-3.0) and only 10% had ‘Good’ oral hygiene status (OHI-S score 3.1-6.9).Conclusion: Pregnant women in Bangladesh suffer from various oral health issues during pregnancy; however, they exhibit that they do not address this issue due to lack of awareness and other factors. Hence, it is crucial to plan and implement effective oral health programmes for pregnant women all over the country.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 06 No. 03 July’22 Page: 298-303
Consumption of Fruit Before Meals with Different Glycaemic Index to Lipid Profile and Blood Glucose Levels in Overweight Adults
Authors: Ningrum Neldawati , Indarto Dono , Suminah -
Published: June 2022

Background: Overweight increase the risk of non-communicable diseases. Lack of vegetables and fruit intake, and high consumption of sweet, fatty, and fried foods can increase the risk of overweight. Fruit contains high fiber and active compounds useful for controlling lipid profiles and blood glucose control.Objective: To identify the effect of consuming fruit before meals with different glycaemic index (GI) on lipid profiles and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in overweight adults.Methods: This experimental research used a pre-post control group design. The participants in this study were 43 overweight adults who were divided into 4 groups, control group, high GI group, moderate GI group, and low GI group. Each treatment group was given fruit with a different GI for 21 days. Measurement of lipid profile and blood glucose was done 3 times on day-1, day-14, and day-21.Results: Consumption of fruit before eating with low GI for 21 days reduced 14.56 mg/dl cholesterol, 30.4 mg/dl triglycerides, 23.55 mg/dl LDL, and 22.33 ml/ dl FBG. The fruit intervention with low GI also increased 3.89 mg/dl HDL.Conclusion: Consumption of fruit with low GI before meals can help control lipid profile and FBG.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 06 No. 03 July’22 Page: 320-327
Dilemma Behind Post-Spinal Tetraplegia: Is Conversion Disorder Really the Culprit?
Authors: Nasreen Farah , Khalid Atif , Siddiqui Sobia Manaal , Ahsan Mohd
Published: June 2022

The occurrence of intra-operative conversion disorder with tetraplegia in a patient undergoing emergency appendectomy under spinal anaesthesia has been described in this case report. A 19-year-old female patient was given spinal anaesthesia for an emergency appendectomy. She had a block up to the T10 level as per assessment. Following confirmation of sensory and motor blockade level, the patient became apnoeic and appeared to stop responding abruptly. Her vitals remained constant except for tachycardia. She was taken on bag and mask ventilation and preparation for endotracheal intubation was underway. The patient began to respond again after a few minutes of continual stimulation and bag mask ventilation. Rest of the perioperative period was uneventful. Postoperative psychiatry consultation was done, and she was diagnosed as a case of conversion disorder.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 06 No. 03 July’22 Page: 332-334
Head and Neck Manifestations of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) Mimicking as Carcinoma
Authors: Wan Hassan Wan Ahmad Amiruddin , Othman Iylia Ajmal , Fuaat Azliana Abd , Leman Wan Ishlah , Sidek Dinsuhaimi
Published: June 2022

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare small vessel vasculitis mainly affecting the upper airway, ocular, renal and pulmonary systems. Its histopathological hallmark is presence of granulomatous inflammation and presence of circulating anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (c-ANCA) serologically. Most patients with GPA presented with ENT manifestations as their initial or only presentation. As it can mimic other infectious, allergic, and inflammatory diseases, delay in diagnosis is inevitable. A rapid clinical course of the disease may also mimic malignant disease, leading to misdiagnosis. We are reporting a case of a 52-year-old Malay male, who presented to our center with one month history of progressively worsening nasal blockage associated with blood-stained nasal discharge. His initial diagnosis of nasal septum squamous cell carcinoma was disputed from repeated biopsy. Given the multi-organs involvement of the disease, pathognomonic histopathological findings and C-ANCA positivity, the diagnosis of Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) was made.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 06 No. 03 July’22 Page: 342-347
Supratentorial Extra-axial Ependymoma: A Rare Radiological Mimic of Cystic Meningioma
Authors: Ghazali Fattah Rahiman , Zaidin Samsudin1 Ahmad Hadif
Published: June 2022

Ependymoma is commonly an intra-axial infratentorial tumour affecting paediatric age group. We report a rare case of supratentorial extra-axial ependymoma in a teenager who presented with worsening headache and mild cognitive impairment. Previously, only few of such cases have been reported in the literature. However, in the last decade, there has been increasing number of this rare entity represented as a solid-cystic mass. In this report, we discuss the radiological features as we think it is mimicking a cystic meningioma and recommend that ependymoma should be considered in the diagnosis of a solid-cystic extra-axial lesion especially when located supratentorially.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 06 No. 03 July’22 Page: 338-341
Lornoxicam-Loaded Cubosomes: - Preparation and In vitro Characterization.
Authors: Alkawak Rasha Saadi Younus , A. Rajab Nawal
Published: June 2022

Cubosomes are nanosized structures self-assembled nanostructured materials used for controlling the release of the entrapped drug molecule. Lornoxicam (LXM) is a potent analgesic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drug with a short half-life (3-4) hours. The present study aims to prepare LXM-loaded cubosomes with well-defined morphology, particle size, PDI, high entrapment efficiency, sustained drug release, and high zeta potential value, as a transdermal drug delivery system.

      Twelve formulas of LXM-loaded cubosomal dispersions were prepared by a solvent dilution method using Glyceryl monooleate ( GMO) as polar lipid with different stabilizers as Pluronic® F127 or tween 80 and different types of hydrotrope as ethanol or propylene glycol. These formulas were evaluated for their particle size analysis & PDI, E.E. %, and in-vitro drug release to select a group of the optimum formulas, that further characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and zeta potential analyzer to select the optimum dispersion. FTIR study was used to investigate the compatibility of the drug with excipients.

The obtained results indicated that F3, composed of GMO, Pluronic® F127, ethanol, drug, and phosphate buffer solution pH 7.4 in the following per cents 7.28%, 1.82%, 8%, 2%, and 80.9% w/w, respectively, prepared in 20min agitation period, as the optimum formula for its high E.E. % (94.30±0.002%), small particle size (16.3±0.19nm), low PDI          (0.06±0.02), and high zeta potential value (-65.9±0.05mV), and well-defined cubic structure. FTIR study indicated no interaction between LXM and other formulas components.

This study's conclusion illustrated that LXM-loaded cubosomal dispersion could be considered a promising nano-carrier for transdermal drug delivery.
Evaluation the Effectiveness of Phenolic Compound of Salvia Frigida on Induced Atopic Dermatitis in Experimental Mice
Authors: Hassan Zahra , Hassan Tuka , Abu-Rghif Ahmed
Published: June 2022

Abstract

To evaluate the effectiveness of Phenolic Compound of Salvia Frigida on induced atopic dermatitis (AD) of mice. Forty mice were included in the study, divided in to four groups (10 mice/group): apparently healthy, induced AD without treatment, induced AD treated with tacrolimus 0.1% ointment, and induced AD treated with Phenolic Compound of Salvia Frigida cream 5%. Examination of histopathology was done and skin homogenates levels also measured. Levels of WBC, Eosinophil, skin tissue homogenate of IL-13 and IL-4, serum IgE, and histopathological scores were significantly increased among induced non treated AD group in comparison with control group. Comparisons of non-treated induced AD group with Salvia Frigida  or Tacrolimus treated groups; shows a significant reduction in the levels of all studied parameters’ (WBC, Eosinophil, skin tissue homogenate of IL4- and IL-13, serum IgE, observational severity score, and histopathological scores) after the application of Tacrolimus 0.1% ointment. While after application of phenolic compound cream 5%, its shows a significant reduction in the levels of all parameters except these of (eosinophil, IgE, and IL-13). Comparison between the effect of topical application of tacrolimus and phenolic compound on the studied variables shows that the levels of epidermal thickness was significantly lower after application of phenolic compound among studied groups, while the levels of WBC and inflammatory cell were significantly lower after application of tacrolimus among studied groups. Using of these therapeutic agents that targeting IgE, IL-4 and IL-13 will probably useful in treatment of AD.
Isolation of beta-sitosterol and evaluation of antioxidant Activity of Iraqi Campsis grandiflora flowers.
Authors: Hassoon Sara Saad , Saleh Abbas Ibrahim , Abdul Razzaq Mshimesh Bahir
Published: June 2022

Campsis grandiflora (Bignoniaceae) is a fast growing deciduous climber, the dried flowers have been used as a carminative, blood tonic, and febrifuge in Chinese traditional medicine. This plant has an anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-depressant, and anti-bacterial effect; with a beneficial role in stagnant blood and endometriosis conditions. In this study, the detection of beta-sitosterol in the hexane extract of Iraqi C.grandiflora flowers was performed using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC); while the isolation done by preparative layer chromatography then structure elucidation of isolated compound was done by FTIR and 1HNMR. Furthermore, assessment of the anti-oxidant activity of the ethyl acetate extract of Iraqi C.grandiflora flowers using three different methods and total flavonoid content, then measuring the pearson’s correlation coefficient between these methods. The results showed that the hexane extract of Iraqi C.grandiflora flowers contain beta-sitosterol compound and the ethyl acetate extract of this plant possesses an excellent anti-oxidant effect using the single-electron transfer (SET) pathway in scavenging the free radicals, and this activity attributed to the potent antioxidant i.e. polyphenols.
Some Pro and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Children with Tonsillitis and their Correlations with Vitamin D Deficiency
Authors: Alhakeem Zainab , Kaisar Fakree Najwan , AbdulSamad Muhsen Ahmed , Majeed Hashim Nuha
Published: June 2022

Inflammation of the tonsils could be described as acute tonsillitis, mainly due to infection. Recurrent tonsillitis could be defined as 3-7 episodes during the first 3 years of age. Vitamin D, which is a neuro-hormone with pleiotropic biological activities may modulate the immune response by alleviation, and stimulation of Th1 and Th2 cell proliferation, respectively, that influence the stimulation, synthesis, and secretion of both pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In this study we aimed to shed light on the levels of vitamin D in children with different episodes of tonsillitis in association with levels of interleukins (TNFα, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10). Blood samples were collected from 48 participants in 3 groups: control, acute tonsillitis (1-2 episodes/year), chronic tonsillitis (more than 7 episodes/year), serum was separated and the levels of Vitamin D, TNFα, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 were estimated using ELISA technique. Vitamin D decreased significantly as the episodes of tonsillitis increased, with level of 16.38± 2.41ng/ml in acute and, 14.13± 2.15 ng/ml in chronic tonsillitis as compared to control (30.91± 2.31 ng/ml), while pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL-2) significantly increased (46.88± 14.05 and 44.55± 9.24, 1267.25± 111.85 and 1191.72± 121.52 ng/ml, respectively) as compared to control (9.45 and 138.48 ng/ml respectively). Anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines in control group were (243.08± 28.72 and 24.27± 1.83 ng/ml, respectively), which increased non-significantly in acute and chronic tonsillitis (302.76± 38.93, 290.12± 44.69 and 28.16± 2.01, 26.29± 1.99 ng/ml, respectively). Significant direct correlation was observed between the levels of vitamin D and anti-inflammatory cytokines in chronic tonsillitis (P<0.05). In conclusion, deficiency of vitamin D may affect the number of episodes of tonsillitis in children by modulation of the secretion of some cytokines.
Effect of Oral Administration of Valerian Extract at Different Doses on Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Carbamazepine in Rabbits
Authors: Abushammala Issam Mohammed
Published: June 2022

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a narrow therapeutic index drug used in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and psychiatric disorders. Valerian (VAL) is a popular herbal product which should be prescribed to treat insomnia and anxiety. The study was designed to investigate the presence of significant pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction between Valerian (VAL) at different concentrations on Carbamazepine (CBZ) pharmacokinetic parameters in healthy male rabbits. In an in vivo, parallel-randomized controlled trial, the rabbits in three groups "first (control), second and third" were given oral doses of CBZ (50 mg/kg), for "second and third" groups (as test groups) rabbits were given (20 and 40 mg/kg/day) of the VAL respectively, as  suspension in normal saline for eight consecutive days. On the eighth day, CBZ was co-administered an hour after adding the last dose of VAL suspension. Venous blood samples (1.0-1.5 mL) were obtained from rabbits' ears' marginal vein at predetermined different periods. The plasma of this blood separation was done using centrifugation and stored at -80°C, prior to analysis by using CBZ chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay detection kit. Different PK parameters such as Cmax, tmax, t½,  ke, AUC0-24 and AUC0-∞ were determined for the three groups, applying Statistical testing (ANOVA). The results showed statistical insignificant differences for all PK parameters among the three groups with (p˃0.05). The findings showed that VAL at both concentrations is not likely to interfere with PK parameters related to CBZ, Further confirmation in humans shoud be done before these findings are applied to patient care.
Anti-Angiogenic Screening of Moringa Oleifera Leaves Extract Using Chorioallantonic Membrane Assay
Authors: Shri Chengama Raju Nisha , Wing Kei Wong
Published: June 2022

Background: Angiogenesis is defined as the formation of new blood vessels. However, angiogenesis in cancer will lead to tumour growth and metastasis. Therefore, anti-angiogenesis is one of the ways to slow down growth and spreading of tumour. Moringa oleifera is also known as a “Miracle tree” which has high nutritive value and various therapeutics effect in different parts of the plant. This study aims to determine the anti-angiogenic property of Moringa oleifera leaves extract by using chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Materials and Methods: The extracts were prepared by decoction method using methanol and water. The qualitative phytochemical screening was carried out for both methanol and aqueous extracts. The fertilised chicken eggs were divided into six groups which include negative control group (phosphate-buffer saline with pH 7.4), positive control group (sunitinib), 50% and 100% methanol extract, 50% and 100% aqueous extract. The anti-angiogenic effect of Moringa oleifera leaves extract was determined by calculating the number and percentage decrease in blood vessels in post-24 and post-48 hours of treatment. Results: Statistical analysis by one-way ANOVA has shown significant (p<0.05) percentage reduction in the blood vessels between each treatment group after 48 hours of treatment. Among all the extracts, 100% aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera was found to have highest anti-angiogenic effect with the greater percentage decrease in blood vessels (81.33%) in post-48 hours of treatment. Furthermore, the anti-angiogenic effect of Moringa oleifera leaves was found to increased when the concentration of the Moringa oleifera extract was increased. Conclusion: Moringa oleifera leaves with various phytochemicals was found to possess anti-angiogenic potential.
Factors Impacting Hypertension Awareness among Hypertensive Population: A Quantitative Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Malaysia
Authors: Mohammed Ali Haider , Hassan Bassam Abdul Rasool , Suhaimi Azyyati Mohd , Blebil Ali , Dujaili Juman , Wayyes Abdulrasool M.
Published: June 2022

There are obstacles to high levels of hypertension awareness that are embedded in gender, income and lifestyle habits which need to be addressed leading to high levels of undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension. This study aimed to explore the various factors which affect hypertension awareness among a hypertensive population in a tertiary care hospital.
 A quantitative study was conducted among hypertensive patients at a tertiary care hospital in Selangor, Malaysia. A validated and translated questionnaire was utilised as a data collection tool. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25.
A thousand participants (female n=621, male n= 379) were recruited, and their mean age is 48± 11.09 years old. Approximately half of respondents were not informed by their doctor that they have hypertension. More than half of respondents were unaware about the normal range of systolic and diastolic. Female gender, Chinese race, urban resident, older adults, and tertiary education level are the most significant factors that have a great influence on the level of awareness among hypertensive population.
 Hypertension awareness needs to be addressed from systemic point of view to solve the growing barriers to accessing correct information about the disease. Health care providers and authorities need to regulate the manner in which information on mortal diseases is presented to the public to reduce incidence of malpractice.
Evaluation of the Detrimental Effects of some Antiepileptic Drugs on the Height and Weight of Children with Epilepsy
Authors: Ahmed AlKataan Muhammad Abdulgafoor , Abdullah Shakir Mahmood  , Aseel S. Al Mallakhdeer
Published: June 2022

Growth is a multifactorial process influenced by genetic, nutritional, hormonal, psychosocial and other factors including the general health of a child. Epilepsy defined as a chronic condition characterized by recurrent clinical events or epileptic seizures, which occur in the absence of a metabolic or toxic disease the drugs that use in the treatment of this condition can affect patients growth due to their mechanisms of action. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of some antiepileptic drugs on growth (height and weight) in children with epilepsy. This work involved 51 newly diagnosed children with a different form of epilepsy (Generalized, absent and partial). Patients divided into three groups according to the treatment (group one patients on Carbamazepine monotherapy with dose mean 13.3 ± 4.8 mg/Kg, group two patients on Valproic acid monotherapy with a dose of 14.4± 3.3 mg/kg and the last group involve patient on combined therapy Carbamazepine 10.8±5.8 plus 19.7± 8.8 of Valproic acid. Patients age range from 5-11 years, with an Initial BMI range of 12-20. The results of this work showed that Carbamazepine monotherapy caused no significant affected on both BMI values after 6 and 12 months of treatment (p>0.05). Valproic acid monotherapy significantly elevated BMI after 6 and 12 months of treatment (p>0.01). Combined therapy showed no significate effect on BMI. The patient’s centile height significantly elevated after 6 and 12 months of Valproic acid (p<0.01) compared to the normal growth according to the growth chart. While both Carbamazepine and combined therapy showed no significant change in comparison to the normal growth according to the growth chart (p>0.05). In conclusion, children with epilepsy who use antiepileptic drugs need restricted monitor policy for their growth, especially those on Valproic acid.
YÖNETİCİLERİN ETİK LİDERLİK DAVRANIŞLARININ ÇEŞİTLİ DEĞİŞKENLER AÇISINDAN ÖĞRETMEN ALGILARINA GÖRE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ASLAN Ramazan , SARIYILDIZ Yusuf
Published: June 2022

Toplumdaki en önemli kurumların başında okullar gelir. Okullardaki yöneticilerin etik değerlere sahip olması okuldaki öğrenme ortamına etki ederek hem nitelikli bir öğrenme ortamını hem de okulun öğrenme vizyonuna sahip olmasını sağlar. Okuldaki yöneticilerin etik değerlere sahip olması ve buna göre hareket etmesi okulun idari yönetiminde, öğrencilerin başarısının artmasında ve ailelerinin öğrenci başarısı için iş birliği yapma konusunda, öğrenci ve öğretmenlerin değerlendirme boyutunda, okulda bulunan tüm personelin hizmet boyutunda ve okulda olumlu bir iklimin oluşturulmasında kolaylaştırıcı etkide bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı okullardaki yöneticilerin etik liderlik davranışlarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından öğretmen görüşlerine göre incelenmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda belirlenmiş olan alt problemlere cevap aranmıştır. Araştırmada nicel veri araştırma yönteminin tarama araştırma modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Millî Eğitim Bakanlığına bağlı resmî okullarda görev yapmakta olan öğretmenler oluşturmaktadır. Örneklemi ise farklı okul kademelerinde ve branşlarda görev yapmakta olan 69’u kadın, 123’ü erkek olmak üzere 192 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında Etik Liderlik Ölçeği kullanılmış olup verilerin analizinde SPSS paket programı kullanılmıştır. Veri analizinde ortalama, frekans, yüzde, t testi, ANOVA gibi analiz yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları incelendiğinde öğrenim kademesi ve yöneticilik deneyimi değişkenleri açısından istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu; cinsiyet, medeni durum ve kıdem yılı değişkenleri açısından istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarından hareketle çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
MIGRATION, HOW DOES IT AFFECT MENTAL HEALTH?
Authors: BAT TONKUŞ Merve , KALIN Zeliha
Published: June 2022

A geographical relocation of people for a permanent or temporary duration in order to spend all or part of their future lives is characterized as migration. War, ethnic or religious conflicts, political pressure, inequities, unemployment rates, poverty, hope for improved living standards, familial reasons, proximity to health care services, climate, and natural catastrophes are all factors that might lead to migration. People who have changed their environment owing to migration experience post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorder, depression disorder, schizophrenia and related disorders, culture shock, handicap, abuse, and suicidal ideation/attempt, especially among migrating women and children. Immigrants' mental difficulties are treated with psychosocial intervention methods such as individual/group trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy, narrative exposure therapy, and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). However, the number of evidence-based psychological intervention programs for immigrants must be increased. The goal of this review is to look at the research that indicates immigrant mental problems.
Enhancing Students Learning in an Undergraduate Engineering Economics Course During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zapalska Alina
Published: June 2022

As the Covid 19 Pandemic greatly impacted teaching and learning, academic institutions switched from in-person to online classes. This shift prompted an examination of students’ learning styles to accommodate their learning in virtual environment. The VARK (Visual-Aural-Read/Write-Kinesthetic) instrument was used to assess effectiveness of teaching and students’ learning in U.S. Coast Guard Academy (CGA) undergraduate engineering course. The VARK instrument was used to facilitate effective virtual classroom activities to engineering students during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper argues that students have different learning strengths and styles. Some students may learn best by watching and listening, others by thinking, and others by doing or by doing, touching, and feeling. Our results indicate that engineering students demonstrate a strong preference for at least two learning styles and the learning styles differ between male and female students. Females are not kinesthetic learners, but their preferable mode of learning is verbal or reading. Male students preferred aural style and African Americans kinesthetic learning style. This research was conducted to improve our teaching and provide students with safe learning environment during challenging time of the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper finds that learning styles are important across all majors during virtual learning and teaching. The VARK instrument can be used to indicate cadets’ learning styles to facilitate effective learning and teaching in virtual environment during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Study of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity Among Betel Quid Chewers of Indian Population
Authors: Adhikari Aniket , De Madhusnata
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Betel quid (BQ) chewing, a habit practiced in Eastern and North Eastern part of India, has known to be associated with cancer of the oral or buccal cavity. BQ is also one of the common mood elevating substances among Indian population. The BQ is a mixture of areca nut (Areca catechu), catechu (Acacia catechu) and slaked lime (calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide) wrapped in a betel leaf (Piper betel). BQ products have been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as group I human carcinogens . Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), one of the major enzymatic antioxidant defence system, responsible for scavenging free radicals. Antioxidant enzymes catalyse decomposition of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Overall balance between production and removal of ROS may be more important in various cancers including OSCC (Oral squamous cell carcinoma) or oral cancer. Methods: In this study subjects were screened from Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery &E.N.T. of Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan Hospital (RKMSP), Kolkata and different areas of West Bengal and North Eastern states of India. Quantitative in vitro determination of superoxide dismutase activities in whole blood were estimated manually with 0.05 ml whole blood. The samples were assayed by UV-Visible Spectrophotometer (SPECORD 50 PLUS) at a wavelength of 420 nm. Results: Most of the subjects had betel quid chewing habit. Superoxide dismutase values are lower in healthy control than Cancer cases and Pre cancer with betel quid chewing habit, which is statistically significant. Conclusion: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated due to slaked lime, one of the important constituents of betel quid which can modulate the oral pathology and promote carcinogenesis.
Endometrial Cancer with Cervical Extension Masquerading as Cervical Cancer
Authors: S Kadam Sachin , Kadam Tejaswini
Published: June 2022

The incidence and prevalence of endometrial cancer is less as compared to cervical cancer. Worldwide, in 2018, near about 382000 new cases of endometrial cancer were diagnosed and around 90000 women were died from the disease
Primary Adrenal Lymphoma
Authors: V.S Haritha
Published: June 2022

Primary adrenal lymphoma is a rare disease entity with only less than 200 cases reported till date. We have seen a single case among the 260 cases reported in our hospital in the last 5 years. Review of the English literature showed 65 such cases reported so far most of them being single case reports. The striking similarity in all of them were – median age of 68 years, bilateral involvement in 60% and predominantly diffuse large cell histology with B cell immunophenotype. adrenal insufficiency was seen in two – thirds of them at diagnosis. About one half respond to treatment with median survival of 4 months. A high index of suspicion is needed for early diagnosis and prompt treatment. We herein report a case of a 65-year-old male who was diagnosed with primary adrenal lymphoma.
The role of incentives on improving performance of human resources in Nesma holding company in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ali Aladeeb Nahd Yahya , Sanil S. Hishan
Published: June 2022

The importance of incentives lies in their effect on human behaviour, as it is considered an important factor in improving the performance of employees, and this study aims to identify the role of material and moral incentives on the performance of the human resource in Nesma Holding Company in Jeddah. We have relied on the descriptive and analytical approach in the theoretical side; where the study sample consisted of 60 workers in Nesma Holding Company, 60 questionnaires were distributed to the workers of the company, and they were completely retrieved. In conclusion, the results show that having appropriate materials and moral incentives, and good training can have a significant impact on employee motivation, knowledge and job performance.
Homilie Rabana Maura na niedzielę, dni nabożeństw błagalnych oraz o świętych (wybór)
Authors: Łukaszczyk Michał
Published: June 2022

Praca składa się z dwóch części. We wstępie krótko zreferowałem życiorys Rabana Maura, następnie opisałem jego homilie mając na uwadze tradycję oraz kontekst epoki. W ostatniej części wstępu krótko opisałem treść tłumaczonych przeze mnie homilii. W samych homiliach autor porusza następujące tematy: wierność zasadom religii chrześcijańskiej, przestrzega przed uleganiem wpływom pogaństwa, wyjaśnia najważniejsze prawdy wiary, umacnia własne przepowiadanie poprzez obfite cytowanie Pisma Świętego, a także korzystanie z dorobku Ojców Kościoła. W swoich homiliach Raban Maur porusza także inne tematy, takie jak: udziela przestrogi przed polowaniami i grą w kości w dni świąteczne, zakazuje prowadzenia rozmów w kościele oraz prac w polu w dni świąteczne, prosi o troskę o biednych i niewolników. Sprawy te, wydające się być mniejszej wagi, miały jednak istotne znaczenie dla współczesnych mu ludzi. W przypisach umieściłem najważniejsze uwagi filologiczne, teologiczne, biograficzne oraz geograficzne, pozwalające czytelnikowi właściwie zrozumieć kontekst tłumaczonych homilii.
„Leporis vero si novellae…”, czyli o powiązaniu medycyny i sztuki kulinarnej w "De observatione ciborum" Antimusa
Authors: Rzeźnicka Zofia
Published: June 2022

Artykuł poświęcony jest analizie początkowego fragmentu receptury na potrawę z zająca („Leporis vero si novellae…”) zachowanej w bizantyńskim traktacie medycznym De observatione ciborum autorstwa Antimusa (V/VI w. n.e.). We wstępie autorka dowodzi, że dzieło to zostało napisane zgodnie z antyczną tradycją medyczną. Wskazuje też na jego specyfikę zaznaczając, że dotyczy ono pożywienia typowego ludów spoza obszaru basenu Morza Śródziemnego. Nadto zaznacza, że skoro traktat został dedykowany władcy Franków, Teuderykowi, zawiera on przede wszystkim dane na temat diety wyższych warstw społecznych. Jako przykład odzwierciedlający wysoki status społeczny Teuderyka autorka przytacza przepis na danie z zająca. Zasadnicza część studium obejmuje analizę początkowej części wspomnianej receptury. Autorka proponuje rekonstrukcję technologii kulinarnej, która mogła być stosowana podczas przygotowywania mięsa młodego zająca w oparciu o dane zawarte w dziele Antimusa oraz literaturze źródłowej z zakresu ars medica (pisma Galena [II/III w. n.e.], Orybazjusza [IV w. n.e.] i Aecjusza z Amidy [VI w. n.e.]) oraz ars coquinaria (praca Archestratosa z Geli [IV w. p.n.e.], traktat De re coquinaria [IV w. n.e.]). Analiza porównawcza materiału źródłowego wskazuje na kompetencje Antimusa w zakresie dietetyki, a także uwypukla zależność antycznej/bizantyńskiej medycyny i sztuki kulinarnej. Dodatkowo tekst ukazuje wartość traktatów medycznych w badaniach nad historią życia codziennego.
Galen z Pergamonu "O porządku moich własnych ksiąg dla Eugenianosa"
Authors: Karczewski Łukasz , Krajewska Judyta
Published: June 2022

Tłumaczenie na język polski dzieła Galena z Pergamonu "O porządku moich własnych ksiąg dla Eugenianosa".
Piotr z Cluny: Kazanie o świętym Marcelim, papieżu i męczenniku
Authors: Libowski Łukasz
Published: June 2022

Tłumaczenie na język polski dzieła Piotra z Cluny "Kazanie o świętym Marcelim, papieżu i męczenniku"
“Uisibilis in homine et contrectabilis Deus” (De Trinitate IV 42). Un análisis de la presencia de Cristo en el Antiguo Testamento en las obras de Hilario de Poitiers a la luz de la polémica antiarriana del s. IV
Authors: Alba López Almudena
Published: June 2022

Hilario de Poitiers concede una especial importancia al análisis de las teofanías del Antiguo Testamento, tanto en lo referente al desarrollo doctrinal de su pensamiento soteriológico y cristológico como en lo relativo a su enfrentamiento con aquellos que niegan la igualdad entre el Padre y el Hijo. A lo largo del presente artículo analizaremos el tratamiento transversal que hace el obispo galo en su obra (especialmente en De Trinitate y el Tractatus super psalmos) de las principales teofanías contempladas por profetas y patriarcas a la luz de su orientación futura. Hilario entiende que el motivo de las manifestaciones divinas no es otro que anunciar la nueva economía que se inaugura a raíz de la encarnación y suscitar en el hombre la fe y la esperanza necesarias para esperar ese momento y ser capaz de identificar al Hijo en el habitus carnal que asume en su venida. Para diferenciar las teofanías de la encarnación, Hilario de Poitiers establece una diferencia fundamental entre las species creatae asumidas por el Verbo en las teofanías y la asunción de la carne en la encarnación, aspecto fundamental para entender los misterios de la salvación del hombre que constituye el objetivo de la misión del Hijo.