bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Echoes from Sensory Entrainment in Auditory Working Memory for Pitch
Authors: Wisniewski Matthew G.
Published: August 2024

Ongoing neural oscillations reflect cycles of excitation and inhibition in local neural populations, with individual neurons being more or less likely to fire depending upon the oscillatory phase. As a result, the oscillations could determine whether or not a sound is perceived and/or whether its neural representation enters into later processing stages. While empirical support for this idea has come from sound detection studies, large gaps in knowledge still exist regarding memory for sound events. In the current study, it was investigated how sensory entrainment impacts the fidelity of working memory representations for pitch. In two separate experiments, an 8 Hz amplitude modulated (AM) entraining stimulus was presented prior to a multitone complex having an f0 between 270 and 715 Hz. This “target” sound could be presented at phases from 0 to 2π radians in relation to the previous AM. After a retention interval of 4 s (Experiment 1; n = 26) or 2 s (Experiment 2; n = 28), listeners were tasked to reproduce the target sound’s pitch by moving their finger along the horizontal axis of a response pad. It was hypothesized that if entrainment modulates auditory working memory fidelity, reproductions of a target’s pitch would be more accurate and precise when targets were presented in phase with the entrainment. Cosine fits of the average data for both experiments showed a significant entrainment “echo” in the accuracy of pitch matches. There was no apparent echo in the matching precision. Fitting of the individual data accuracy showed that the optimal phase was consistent across individuals, aligning near the next AM peak had the AM continued. The results show that sensory entrainment modulates auditory working memory in addition to stimulus detection, consistent with the proposal that ongoing neural oscillatory activity modulates higher-order auditory processes.
Breaking Boundaries: Immunotherapy for Myeloid Malignancies
Authors: Gavrilova Tatyana , Schulz Eduard , Mina Alain
Published: August 2024

Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of myeloid oncologic diseases, particularly for patients resistant to chemotherapy or ineligible for allogeneic stem cell transplantation due to age or fitness constraints. As our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of myeloid malignancies expands, so too do the treatment options available to patients. Immunotherapy in myeloid malignancies, however, faces numerous challenges due to the dynamic nature of the disease, immune dysregulation, and the development of immune evasion mechanisms. This review outlines the progress made in the field of immunotherapy for myeloid malignancies, addresses its challenges, and provides insights into future directions in the field.
Amplified Cell Cycle Genes Identified in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Balakrishnan Karthik , Chen Yuanhong , Dong Jixin
Published: August 2024

The objective of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes and their potential influence on the carcinogenesis of serous-type ovarian cancer tumors. Serous cancer is an epithelial ovarian cancer subtype and is the most common type of ovarian cancer. Transcriptomic profiles of serous cancer and non-cancerous datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO-NCBI). Differentially expressed genes were then derived from those profiles; the identified genes were consistently upregulated in three or more transcriptomic profiles. These genes were considered as the serous ovarian cancer gene set for further study. The serous gene set derived from the transcriptomic profiles was then evaluated for ontological functional analysis using the Molecular Signatures Database. Next, we examined the mutational impact of this serous gene set on the transcriptomic profile of high-grade serous ovarian (HGSO) adenocarcinoma using the cBioPortal database. Results from OncoPrint revealed that 26 genes were amplified in more than 5% of HGSO cancer patients. Interestingly, several of these genes are involved in cell cycle processes, including genes ATPase family AAA domain containing 2 (ATAD2), recQ-like helicase 4 (RECQL4), cyclin E1 (CCNE1), anti-silencing function 1B histone chaperone (ASF1B), ribonuclease H2 subunit A (RNASEH2A), structural maintenance of chromosome 4 (SMC4), cell division cycle associated 20 (CDC20), and cell division cycle associated 8 (CDCA8). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve results also revealed higher specificity and sensitivity for this subtype of tumors. Furthermore, these genes may affect the recurrence of serous ovarian carcinogenesis. Overall, our analytical study identifies cell cycle-related genes that can potentially be targeted as diagnostic and prognostic markers for serous ovarian cancer.
Patients with TP53-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia Receiving Intensive Induction Therapy Have Superior Outcomes Due to a Higher Rate of Salvage Therapy: A Single Institution, Retrospective Study
Authors: Sumransub Nuttavut , Steinwand Gabriel K. , Cordner Keith , Lee Yoonkyu , Cao Qing , Allred Jeremy , Bachanova Veronika , Juckett Mark , Eckfeldt Craig , Maakaron Joseph E. , Tracy Sean I. , Ramesh Vidhyalakshmi , Nelson Andrew C. , Yohe Sophia , Sachs Zohar
Published: August 2024

Background: TP53 mutations (TP53m) define the most treatment-refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subtype. Optimal treatment approaches have not been established in this setting. We reviewed our institutional experience to identify therapy sequencing, treatment response, and survival patterns in these patients. Methods: This study was a single-center, retrospective cohort analysis. Results: Our cohort includes 86 TP53m and 337 TP53 wild-type (TP53wt) adult AML patients. TP53m AML patients presented with lower bone marrow and peripheral blasts; none presented with hyperleukocytosis. Patients who received intensive treatment up front demonstrated superior overall survival (OS) over those receiving first-line non-intensive therapy (2-year OS 22% versus 7%; p = 0.02). However, the complete remission (CR) rates among the first-line intensive and non-intensive therapy groups were comparable (21.9% and 29.4%, respectively, p = 0.49). The improved OS is therefore attributed to superior cumulative CR in the intensive group. First-line intensively treated patients were more likely to receive and respond to salvage, leading to a cumulative CR rate of 65.7% (versus 29.4%, p = 0.003). Achieving CR at any point is strongly associated with superior survival outcomes with 2-year OS of 31% versus 0% for those not achieving CR ever (p < 0.01). Conclusions: We find that TP53m AML rarely presents with oncological emergencies, suggesting that clinical trial enrollment is feasible in this group. Additionally, in our cohort, intensive induction therapies lead to superior survival outcomes attributed to successful salvage therapy. These data suggest that strategic therapy sequencing and salvage therapy may be important in optimizing outcomes for TP53m AML patients.
Predicting Survival of Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Cancer Treated with VEGFR-TKI-Based Sequential Therapy
Authors: Angulo Javier C. , Larrinaga Gorka , Lecumberri David , Iturregui Ane Miren , Solano-Iturri Jon Danel , Lawrie Charles H. , Armesto María , Dorado Juan F. , Nunes-Xavier Caroline E. , Pulido Rafael , Manini Claudia , López José I.
Published: August 2024

(1) Objective: To develop a clinically useful nomogram that may provide a more individualized and accurate estimation of cancer-specific survival (CSS) for patients with clear-cell (CC) metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with nephrectomy and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor–tyrosine kinase inhibitor (VEGFR-TKI)-based sequential therapy. (2) Methods: A prospectively maintained database of 145 patients with mRCC treated between 2008 and 2018 was analyzed to predict the CSS of patients receiving sunitinib and second- and third-line therapies according to current standards of practice. A nomogram based on four independent clinical predictors (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status, International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium score, the Morphology, Attenuation, Size and Structure criteria and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors response criteria) was calculated. The corresponding 1- to 10-year CSS probabilities were then determined from the nomogram. (3) Results: The median age was 60 years (95% CI 57.9–61.4). The disease was metastatic at diagnosis in 59 (40.7%), and 86 (59.3%) developed metastasis during follow-up. Patients were followed for a median 48 (IQR 72; 95% CI 56–75.7) months after first-line VEGFR-TKI initiation. The concordance probability estimator value for the nomogram is 0.778 ± 0.02 (mean ± SE). (4) Conclusions: A nomogram to predict CSS in patients with CC mRCC that incorporates patient status, clinical risk classification and response criteria to first-line VEGFR-TKI at 3 months is presented. This new tool may be useful to clinicians assessing the risk and prognosis of patients with mRCC.
A Pathway to Positive Youth Development: Unpacking the Asian American Youth Paradox and Cultural Orientations among Filipino American and Korean American Youth
Authors: Choi Yoonsun , Park Michael , Yasui Miwa
Published: August 2024

This study used longitudinal survey data of Filipino American and Korean American youth in the Chicago Metropolitan area (N = 786, MAGE = 15.00, SD = 1.91 at Wave 1 in 2014) to examine whether and how a set of organized predictors (i.e., universal predictors of youth outcomes and cultural orientations) independently and collectively explains internalizing and externalizing problems and academic performance. The results were that universal predictors such as youth antisocial beliefs, peer antisocial behaviors, and the quality of parent–child relations, were extensively predictive of youth outcomes in the expected directions. The magnitudes of universal predictors were largely unchanged when bilinear and multidimensional cultural orientation variables were accounted for together. The magnitudes of cultural orientation variables were slightly attenuated in full models but showed independent associations with youth outcomes. Specifically, English and heritage language proficiencies were protective of externalizing and internalizing problems. Behavioral practices in respective cultures increased youth problems. In addition, ethnic identity, although beneficial to mental health, can increase externalizing problems. The findings of this study provide insights into understanding the mixed outcomes among Asian Americans and important empirical evidence that can inform intervention programs to prevent youth problems, ultimately toward a pathway to positive youth development among Asian American youth.
Experimental and FE Investigations of Backfill Cover on Large-Diameter GRP Pipes
Authors: Said AbdulMuttalib I. , Hussien Yahya Jabbar , Mohammed Mohammed Hazim , Allawi Abbas A. , Ibrahim Teghreed H. , El-Zohairy Ayman , Abdelbaset Ahmed M.
Published: August 2024

This paper presents experimental investigations on buried Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) pipes with a diameter of 1400 mm. The tested pipes were buried in dense, gravelly sand and subjected to traffic loads to study the effects of backfill cover on pipe deflection. The experimental program included tests on three GRP pipes with backfill covers of 100 cm, 75 cm, and 50 cm. The maximum traffic loads applied to the pipe–soil system corresponded to Iraqi Truck Type 3 (AASHTO H type). Vertical deflections of the pipes were monitored during the application of these loads. The experimental results showed that, as the backfill cover increased, the maximum vertical deflection of the pipe decreased. Deflection reductions were 38.0% and 33.3% when the backfill increased from 50 cm to 100 cm and from 50 cm to 75 cm, respectively. A 500 mm compacted backfill cover was found to be sufficient to resist traffic loads, with the vertical deflection percentage remaining below the allowable limit. Additionally, the behavior of the GRP pipes under different traffic load configurations was analyzed using finite element (FE) analysis with Plaxis 3D. The model was validated using field data. The study investigated numerous variables impacting the behavior of embedded pipes, including pipe material, pipe thickness, backfill properties, backfill depth, and the properties of the soil beneath the GRP pipe. The deflections of the steel pipe were lower than those of the GRP pipe when using different thicknesses.
Study on the Performance and Mechanism of Morpholine Salt Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors on Carbon Steel
Authors: Zhao Xiong , Zhang Junying , Ma Lu , Wang Wubin , Zhang Mingxing
Published: August 2024

A series of morpholine salt volatile corrosion inhibitors (VCIs) were synthesized via solid-phase chemical reactions. The corrosion inhibition performance was assessed using evaporation weight loss, VCI capability, and corrosion weight loss tests. The corrosion inhibition mechanisms of the morpholine salt VCIs for carbon steel in atmospheric conditions were explored through electrochemical testing under thin film electrolytes, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and computational simulations. Morpholine carbonate exhibited higher volatility. Corrosion weight loss tests showed an >85% reduction for steel treated with morpholine benzoate or morpholine carbonate. The inhibitors’ inhibition mechanism, elucidated through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and computational simulations, revealed that morpholine carbonate and benzoate form protective layers via physical and chemical adsorption on the steel surface, coordinating with iron atoms through nitrogen and oxygen atoms. Quantum chemical calculations demonstrated that morpholine carbonate had stronger adsorption energy and electron transfer capabilities, indicating superior corrosion inhibition performance over morpholine benzoate.
Revisiting the Spatial Cycle: Intra-Regional Development Patterns and Future Population Dynamics in Metropolitan Athens, Greece
Authors: Rontos Kostas , Antonoglou Dimitrios , Salvati Luca , Maialetti Marco , Kontogiannis Georgios
Published: August 2024

Being intertwined with economic development, urbanization determines the present and future development path of regions and countries. The intimate relationship between urban expansion and economic development is of particular interest in the case of large regions with complex (and mostly non-linear) socio-demographic dynamics and a relevant primacy in the metropolitan system of a given country. Typical examples of advanced economies with settlement systems characterized by a high degree of city primacy are peripheral and disadvantaged European countries such as Portugal and Greece. For instance, the administrative region of Attica—centered on Athens, the Greek capital city—represents the largest metropolitan area of the country, hosting almost 3.8 million inhabitants in 2021 (36.2% of the Greek population). In this context, this study investigates the internal redistribution of the resident population in metropolitan Athens and the progressive development of satellite cities over a relatively longtime interval, testing the assumptions of the Spatial Cycle Theory (SCT) between 1951 and 2021 and predicting future development paths up to 2051. To investigate past, present, and future intra-regional population trends, we used data released from decadal (1951–2021) censuses and demographic forecasts for the years 2031, 2041, and 2051. Being in line with the SCT, the empirical results of our study document how demographic dynamics of individual centers influence largely—and independently—the long-term development of metropolitan regions, both with policy/planning regulation and in conditions of non-intervention (spontaneous urban growth).
Toward a Secure and Private Cross-Chain Protocol Based on Encrypted Communication
Authors: Wang Yuli , Chen Zhuo , Ma Ruihe , Ma Bin , Xian Yongjin , Li Qi
Published: August 2024

Blockchain technology is becoming more prominent and is being used in many different industries. Data islands have emerged as a result of the difficulty in transferring assets and exchanging information between blockchains because of differences in the underlying technology. Cross-chain technology is becoming increasingly prevalent as a solution to the data security problem. Decentralized blockchain networks frequently use the Hashed Timelock Contract (HTLC) to solve the problem of balancing atomicity and time sensitivity. However, it suffers from drawbacks such as limited security and privacy protection capabilities. To overcome these limitations, a secure and fully functional system named the Exchange Smart Contract (ExchangeSC) has been developed; the ExchangeSC can integrate smart contracts and Paillier homomorphic encryption into the Mid-Account HTLC (MA-HTLC) cross-chain protocol. This integration effectively resolves the problem of low security and privacy protection in the HTLC cross-chain protocol. Specifically, the locked information in the solution is encrypted using homomorphic encryption before uploading to the blockchain, which is operated by participating nodes in the ciphertext domain. The ExchangeSC demonstrates reasonable performance on the official testing network’s EVM platform. Further evaluation of the ExchangeSC-based HTLC cross-chain reveals its superior security and lower time cost compared to the BitXHub cross-chain project.
Correction: Zulu et al. A Comprehensive Review: Study of Artificial Intelligence Optimization Technique Applications in a Hybrid Microgrid at Times of Fault Outbreaks. Energies 2023, 16, 1786
Authors: Zulu Musawenkosi Lethumcebo Thanduxolo , Carpanen Rudiren Pillay , Tiako Remy
Published: August 2024

There was an error in the original publication [...]
Long-Term Planting of Taxodium Hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan’ Can Effectively Enhance the Soil Aggregate Stability in Saline–Alkali Coastal Areas
Authors: Niu Xiaoshu , Liu Xin , Li Tao , Lin Jie , Qin Shenghua , Jing Fulin , Zhang Xiang , Zhang Jinchi , Jiang Jiang
Published: August 2024

Not enough research has been conducted on the mechanisms influencing the stability of soil aggregates in coastal saline–alkaline soil and the dynamic changes in aggregates in the succession process of coastal saline–alkaline soil brought on by longer planting times. In this study, soil aggregate composition, stability, and influencing factors of 0–20 cm, 20–40 cm, and 40–60 cm soil layers in different planting time stages were analyzed in the reclaimed land at the initial stage of afforestation and the Taxodium hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan’ plantation with planting times of 6, 10, 17, and 21 years. The results show that, with the increase in planting time, the aggregate stability of the plantation increased significantly. In the 0–20 cm soil layer, the geometric mean diameter (GMD) and aggregate size >0.25 mm (R0.25) increased by 81.15% and 89.80%, respectively, when the planting time was 21 years, compared with the reclaimed land. The structural equation (SEM) showed that planting time had a direct positive effect (path coefficient 0.315) on aggregate stability. However, soil sucrase (0.407) and β-glucosidase (0.229) indirectly improved the stability of aggregates by affecting soil organic carbon. In summary, the establishment of Taxodium hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan’ plants on coastal saline–alkali land is beneficial for stabilizing soil aggregates, improving soil structure, and boosting soil quality. Long-term planting of Taxodium hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan’ can be an effective measure for ecological restoration in this region.
Detection of Viruses in Special Stands of Common Ash Reveals Insights into the Virome of Fraxinus excelsior
Authors: Rehanek Marius , Al Kubrusli Rim , Köpke Kira , von Bargen Susanne , Büttner Carmen
Published: August 2024

Plant diseases are mostly multicausal with several factors influencing the health status of affected hosts. Common ash (Fraxinus excelsior), a significant tree species of European forests, is currently mostly endangered by ash dieback, caused by the invasive fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. However, contributing factors, including pathogenic viruses, are poorly understood. Here, we report the results of a virus screening conducted on selected special stands of F. excelsior. Over three consecutive years, ash trees from different origins were tested, including leaf material from mature seed trees, young trees and ash seedlings from the natural regeneration. Using RT-PCR, we screened for five viruses, including the generalist species ArMV (Nepovirus arabis) and CLRV (Nepovirus avii), as well as newly discovered viruses in ash, including the emaravirus ASaV (Emaravirus fraxini), the idaeovirus PrLBaV (Idaeovirus ligustri), and cytorhabdoviruses. The results revealed a high virus diversity in common ash. An association of ASaV detection with specific leaf symptoms, including shoestring, chlorotic ringspots, and vein yellowing, was documented. An analyses of relevant gene products of cytorhabdoviruses obtained from ashes of different sites revealed sequence diversities and two distinct phylogenetic groups present in ash populations. Signatures of novel viruses from different families have been identified by high-throughput sequencing. Together, our results provide insights into the virus diversity and distribution of viruses in ash and expand our knowledge about the virome of this endangered tree species.
Utilizing Deep Learning and Spatial Analysis for Accurate Forest Fire Occurrence Forecasting in the Central Region of China
Authors: Guo Youbao , Hai Quansheng , Bayarsaikhan Sainbuyan
Published: August 2024

Forest fires in central China pose significant threats to ecosystem health, public safety, and economic stability. This study employs advanced Geographic Information System (GIS) technology and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models to comprehensively analyze the factors driving the occurrence of these fire events. A predictive model for forest fire occurrences has been developed, complemented by targeted zoning management strategies. The key findings are as follows: (i) Spatial analysis reveals substantial clustering and spatial autocorrelation of fire points, indicating high-density areas of forest fire occurrence, primarily in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces, as well as the northeastern region. This underscores the need for tailored fire prevention and management approaches. (ii) The forest fire prediction model for the central region demonstrates exceptional accuracy, reliability, and predictive power. It achieves outstanding performance metrics in both training and validation sets, with an accuracy of 86.00%, precision of 88.00%, recall of 87.00%, F1 score of 87.50%, and an AUC value of 90.50%. (iii) Throughout the year, the occurrence of forest fires in central China varies by location and season. Low-occurrence periods are observed in summer and winter, particularly in Hunan and Hubei provinces, due to moderate weather conditions, agricultural practices, and reduced outdoor activities. However, spring and autumn also present localized risks due to uneven rainfall and dry climates. This study provides valuable insights into the dynamics of forest fire occurrences in central China, offering a solid framework for proactive fire management and policy formulation to effectively mitigate the impacts of these events.
Disentangling the Spatiotemporal Dynamics, Drivers, and Recovery of NPP in Co-Seismic Landslides: A Case Study of the 2017 Jiuzhaigou Earthquake, China
Authors: Duan Yuying , Pei Xiangjun , Luo Jing , Zhang Xiaochao , Luo Luguang
Published: August 2024

The 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake, registering a magnitude of 7.0, triggered a series of devastating geohazards, including landslides, collapses, and mudslides within the Jiuzhaigou World Natural Heritage Site. These destructive events obliterated extensive tracts of vegetation, severely compromising carbon storage in the terrestrial ecosystems. Net Primary Productivity (NPP) reflects the capacity of vegetation to absorb carbon dioxide. Accurately assessing changes in NPP is crucial for unveiling the recovery of terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage after the earthquake. To this end, we designed this study using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Net Primary Productivity datasets. The findings are as follows. NPP in the co-seismic landslide areas remained stable between 525 and 575 g C/m2 before the earthquake and decreased to 533 g C/m2 after the earthquake. This decline continued, reaching 483 g C/m2 due to extreme rainfall events in 2018, 2019, and 2020. Recovery commenced in 2021, and by 2022, NPP had rebounded to 544 g C/m2. The study of NPP recovery rate revealed that, five years after the earthquake, only 18.88% of the co-seismic landslide areas exhibited an NPP exceeding the pre-earthquake state. However, 17.14% of these areas had an NPP recovery rate of less than 10%, indicating that recovery has barely begun in most areas. The factor detector revealed that temperature, precipitation, and elevation significantly influenced NPP recovery. Meanwhile, the interaction detector highlighted that lithology, slope, and aspect also played crucial roles when interacting with other factors. Therefore, the recovery of NPP is not determined by a single factor, but rather by the interactions among various factors. The ecosystem resilience study demonstrated that the current recovery of NPP primarily stems from the restoration of grassland ecosystems. Overall, while the potential for NPP recovery in co-seismic landslide areas is optimistic, it will require a considerable amount of time to return to the pre-earthquake state.
Optimizing Soaking and Boiling Time in the Development of Tempeh-like Products from Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: Fernandez Castaneda Laura Alejandra , Auer Jaqueline , Leong Su-lin L. , Newson William R. , Passoth Volkmar , Langton Maud , Zamaratskaia Galia
Published: August 2024

Tempeh is a fermented soybean food with high nutritional value, culinary versatility, and palatability. Its popularity is rising because it aligns with the trend towards sustainable and healthy plant-based diets. However, consumers have exhibited a strong preference for local ingredients over soy. Faba bean is a promising raw material in Scandinavia due to its high protein, dietary fiber, and phytochemical content. In this study, we evaluated the effects of soaking media (vinegar, water and sodium bicarbonate with or without lactic acid bacteria (LAB)) on boiling time and physicochemical properties of faba bean-based tempeh. We demonstrated that sodium bicarbonate, with and without LAB, significantly reduces the boiling time of faba beans (7–8 min), while beans soaked in vinegar and water with and without LAB require longer boiling times for tempeh production (>16 min). Texture analysis has revealed notable variations among the samples, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) observed across the majority of the measured attributes. Our study has demonstrated that faba beans are suitable for tempeh production and expand the sources of possible raw materials. However, further studies are needed to investigate consumers’ preferences and expectations towards faba bean-based tempeh.
Coil- and Plug-Assisted Transvenous Retrograde Obliteration (CARTO/PARTO) in the Treatment of Gastric Varices: A European Single Centre Experience
Authors: Pelle Giuseppe , Andresciani Flavio , Messina Massimo , Nardelli Silvia , Ridola Lorenzo , Notarianni Ermanno , Saltarelli Adelchi , Gioia Stefania , Tanzilli Alessandro , Ambrogi Cesare
Published: August 2024

In Europe, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is considered the primary treatment for gastric varix (GV) bleeding to reduce portal hypertension. However, in Asian countries, balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) and its variants plug/coil assisted transvenous retrograde obliteration (PARTO/CARTO) are the preferred approaches. The purpose of this study is to report a European single-center experience in the use of PARTO/CARTO techniques for the treatment of GVs in patients with portal hypertension, focusing on the effectiveness and safety of the procedure. All the procedures involving the PARTO/CARTO techniques performed from 2019 to 2023 were retrospectively evaluated. Technical success was defined as the complete obliteration of both the GVs and the gastro-renal (GR) shunt on review of the Computed Tomography (CT) scan performed 3 days after the procedure. The obliteration rate was also evaluated through performing CT scans 1 and 12 months after the procedure, and through endoscopic follow-up at 3 and 6 months. Additionally, major and minor complications were reported. The study involved seven patients, with a technical success of 100%. During follow-up, there were no episodes of variceal rebleeding or upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Two patients developed ascites, which resolved with medical therapy. One patient exhibited focal portal thrombosis, which was successfully treated with heparin. PARTO/CARTO techniques demonstrated high technical and clinical success rates, offering advantages over traditional BRTO. The use of coils and plugs simplifies the procedure, eliminates sclerosing agents, and prevents complications associated with balloon guiding catheters.
Perceptions of Dementia among Nursing Students in South Korea: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Lim So-Hee
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to determine nursing students’ perceptions of dementia and patients with dementia. Specifically, this study sought to illuminate the essential meaning of dementia among nursing students to uncover insights useful for developing patient-centered care rooted in empathy for patients with dementia. This study used a descriptive phenomenological research method. Between August and September 2023, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 nursing students. Colaizzi’s method was used for the manual analysis. After analyzing the interview data on nursing students’ awareness of dementia, four categories, nine theme clusters, and 28 formulated meanings were derived. The four categories were “View of dementia”, “Feelings about dementia”, “Efforts made regarding dementia”, and “Dementia as a nursing student”. Although nursing students’ perceptions of dementia resulted in negative perspectives and emotions, by looking into coping methods and wishes for dementia, this study also confirmed that nursing students had an awareness of caring for patients with dementia.
The Knowledge and Attitude of Undergraduate Dental Students toward Dental Ergonomic Principles in Occupational Health
Authors: Tysiąc-Miśta Monika , Kruplewicz Maja , Grzyb Aleksandra , Dziedzic Arkadiusz , Tanasiewicz Marta
Published: August 2024

Background: Undergraduate dental curricula and courses containing ergonomic principles are introduced to students from the very beginning of dental education. Still, dentists present a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, which are a direct burden on quality of life, leading to early retirement from the profession. This study aimed to assess the state of students’ knowledge and awareness regarding the role of ergonomics in dentistry and its practical implementation. Methods: a cross-sectional study using a predesigned self-administered questionnaire was conducted among fourth- and fifth-year dental students of the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland (response rate of 69.2%). Results: A total of 94.6% of students declared a good, fair, or moderate level of knowledge of the subject, with a significant difference in favor of the fifth-year students (p = 0.008). Moreover, 76.1% of respondents showed a good or very good attitude toward ergonomics as a university curriculum subject. A total of 72.3% of respondents declared that the practical application of ergonomic rules in clinical dentistry is very important (five in a five-point scale). Women found dental ergonomics more important than men (p < 0.001). However, 79.3% of participants admitted not following basic ergonomic principles during clinical procedures. Conclusion: The research revealed a discrepancy between theoretical knowledge and awareness and the practical application of ergonomics in a clinical environment. Only by inculcating correct occupational standards and abiding by them from the commencement of dental education can consistency between theory and practice be achieved. This will hopefully ensure the health and well-being of dental team members throughout their professional lives.
Utilizing RT-DETR Model for Fruit Calorie Estimation from Digital Images
Authors: Tang Shaomei , Yan Weiqi
Published: August 2024

Estimating the calorie content of fruits is critical for weight management and maintaining overall health as well as aiding individuals in making informed dietary choices. Accurate knowledge of fruit calorie content assists in crafting personalized nutrition plans and preventing obesity and associated health issues. In this paper, we investigate the application of deep learning models for estimating the calorie content in fruits from digital images, aiming to provide a more efficient and accurate method for nutritional analysis. We create a dataset comprising images of various fruits and employ random data augmentation techniques during training to enhance model robustness. We utilize the RT-DETR model integrated into the ultralytics framework for implementation and conduct comparative experiments with YOLOv10 on the dataset. Our results show that the RT-DETR model achieved a precision rate of 99.01% and mAP50-95 of 94.45% in fruit detection from digital images, outperforming YOLOv10 in terms of F1- Confidence Curves, P-R curves, precision, and mAP. Conclusively, in this paper, we utilize a transformer architecture to detect fruits and estimate their calorie and nutritional content. The results of the experiments provide a technical reference for more accurately monitoring an individual’s dietary intake by estimating the calorie content of fruits.
Large Language Models in Healthcare and Medical Domain: A Review
Authors: Nazi Zabir Al , Peng Wei
Published: August 2024

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) within the healthcare sector has sparked both enthusiasm and apprehension. These models exhibit the remarkable ability to provide proficient responses to free-text queries, demonstrating a nuanced understanding of professional medical knowledge. This comprehensive survey delves into the functionalities of existing LLMs designed for healthcare applications and elucidates the trajectory of their development, starting with traditional Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) and then moving to the present state of LLMs in the healthcare sector. First, we explore the potential of LLMs to amplify the efficiency and effectiveness of diverse healthcare applications, particularly focusing on clinical language understanding tasks. These tasks encompass a wide spectrum, ranging from named entity recognition and relation extraction to natural language inference, multimodal medical applications, document classification, and question-answering. Additionally, we conduct an extensive comparison of the most recent state-of-the-art LLMs in the healthcare domain, while also assessing the utilization of various open-source LLMs and highlighting their significance in healthcare applications. Furthermore, we present the essential performance metrics employed to evaluate LLMs in the biomedical domain, shedding light on their effectiveness and limitations. Finally, we summarize the prominent challenges and constraints faced by large language models in the healthcare sector by offering a holistic perspective on their potential benefits and shortcomings. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of the current landscape of LLMs in healthcare, addressing their role in transforming medical applications and the areas that warrant further research and development.
Effect of Preoperative Administration of Dexamethasone vs. Methylprednisolone in Surgical Extraction of Impacted Lower Third Molars: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Fernández-Martín Unai , Lisbona-González María Jesús , Vallecillo-Rivas Marta , Mallo-Magariños Manuel , Herrera-Briones Francisco Javier
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives: Glucocorticoids are drugs that are increasingly used in oral surgery to reduce trismus, inflammation, and postoperative pain, three frequent complications after the surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of 8 mg dexamethasone versus 40 mg methylprednisolone in the prevention of postoperative complications after third molar surgery. Methods: A randomized double-blind clinical trial was conducted following CONSORT guidelines. In detail, 84 patients were included in the study, who randomly received a single preoperative submucosal dose of dexamethasone (8 mg) or methylprednisolone (40 mg). The variables analyzed, as primary outcomes, were trismus, inflammation, and postoperative pain. The measurements were performed at baseline (0 h), 3 h, 7 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 7 th day using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Verbal Rating Scale (VRS), and the Gabka–Matsumara method. Results: Dexamethasone reduced trismus, inflammation, and postoperative pain significantly better than methylprednisolone. Conclusions: Preoperative submucosal administration of 8 mg dexamethasone is effective and safe in reducing the severity of postoperative complications following surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars.
The Cost of Potential Delisting of U.S.-Listed Chinese Companies
Authors: Ghosh Al (Aloke) , Wei Wei
Published: August 2024

Because the PCAOB was unable to inspect audits of Chinese accounting firms until recently, regulators introduced legislation (HFCAA) potentially forcing Chinese companies to delist for non-compliance with PCAOB audit requirements. To understand the equity markets’ response to this legislation, we analyze the short-term (event study) and long-term stock performance of U.S.-listed Chinese firms relative to the stock performance of other foreign companies. We find that Chinese companies outperform other Asian firms for the Pre-HFCAA Period, but they underperform other Asian firms from the time the HFCAA was introduced (28 March 2019) until an agreement was reached (26 August 2022). For the post-agreement period (26 August 2022 to 31 December 2022), the performance of Chinese and other Asian stocks is similar. Between 28 March 2019 and 31 December 2022, a typical shareholder lost 76% of wealth, and, compared to other Asian companies, the losses were around 87%. The findings highlight the importance of regulatory compliance and transparency in maintaining investor confidence and protecting shareholders’ interests.
Research Progress of Magnetic Flocculation in Water Treatment
Authors: Hu Zhihao , Wu Kun , Wang Zihan , Shah Kinjal J. , Sun Yongjun
Published: August 2024

As people’s material quality of life continues to improve, water resources become subjected to varying degrees of contamination. As one of the most commonly utilised agents in water treatment, a flocculant exhibits a diverse range of forms and a vast scope of applications. However, the application of flocculants gives rise to a series of issues, including the use of large doses, the formation of sludge, the difficulty of recycling flocculants, and other concerns. The development of new flocculation technology has become a crucial step in enhancing the purification of wastewater and reducing environmental pollution. Magnetic flocculation can be classified into two main categories: magnetic seeds flocculation and magnetic flocculation. This paper presents an overview of the factors influencing magnetic flocculation, including the type of magnetic seeds, magnetic seeds particle size, and other pertinent considerations. Furthermore, the classification of magnetic flocculants in the process of magnetic flocculation is discussed. This includes the types of magnetic flocculant, namely, inorganic composite magnetic flocculants, organic composite magnetic flocculants, and biological composite magnetic flocculants. Inorganic composite magnetic flocculants are inexpensive and simple to produce; however, their dosage is considerable, and the resulting floc is not tightly formed, which impairs the efficacy of flocculation. The use of organic composite magnetic flocculants requires a smaller dosage and exhibits a strong flocculating ability; however, it may possess toxic properties and potentially cause harm to the water body. The biological composite magnetic flocculant exhibits high efficiency and no pollution, yet it is subject to stringent environmental conditions, displays poor stability, and is applicable to a relatively limited range of treatment scenarios. Furthermore, the integration of magnetic flocculation technology with other techniques is classified and summarised in diverse contexts, and the prospective research focus and direction of magnetic flocculants are proposed.
Evaluation of Deformable Convolution: An Investigation in Image and Video Classification
Authors: Burgos Madrigal Andrea , Romero Bautista Victor , Díaz Hernández Raquel , Altamirano Robles Leopoldo
Published: August 2024

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) present drawbacks for modeling geometric transformations, caused by the convolution operation’s locality. Deformable convolution (DCON) is a mechanism that solves these drawbacks and improves the robustness. In this study, we clarify the optimal way to replace the standard convolution with its deformable counterpart in a CNN model. To this end, we conducted several experiments using DCONs applied in the layers that conform a small four-layer CNN model and on the four-layers of several ResNets with depths 18, 34, 50, and 101. The models were tested in binary balanced classes with 2D and 3D data. If DCON is used on the first layers of the proposal of model, the computational resources will tend to increase and produce bigger misclassification than the standard CNN. However, if the DCON is used at the end layers, the quantity of Flops will decrease, and the classification accuracy will improve by up to 20% about the base model. Moreover, it gains robustness because it can adapt to the object of interest. Also, the best kernel size of the DCON is three. With these results, we propose a guideline and contribute to understanding the impact of DCON on the robustness of CNNs.
The Design of a Multifunctional Coding Transmitarray with Independent Manipulation of the Polarization States
Authors: Zhang Shunlan , Cao Weiping , Wu Tiesheng , Wang Jiao , Wei Ying
Published: August 2024

Manipulating orthogonally polarized waves independently in a single metasurface is pivotal. However, independently controlling the phase shifts of orthogonally polarized waves is difficult, especially in the same frequency bands. Here, we propose a receiver-phase shift-transmitter transmitarray with independent control of arbitrary polarization states in the same frequency bands, in which transmission rates reach more than 90% in the frequency bands 4.2~4.9 GHz and 5.3~5.5 GHz. By introducing a phase-regulation structure to each element, phases covering 360° for different polarized incident waves can be independently controlled by different geometric parameters, and two-bit coding phases can be obtained. The design principle based on the two-port network’s scattering matrix has been analyzed. To verify the independent tuning abilities of the proposed transmitarray for different polarization incidences in the same frequency bands, a multifunctional receive-phase shift-radiation coding transmitarray (RPRCT), which is composed of 16×16 elements, with functions of anomalous refraction (for example, orbital angular momentum wave) and focusing transmission for different polarized incident waves was simulated and measured. The measured results agree reasonably well with the simulated ones. Our findings provide a simple method for obtaining a multifunctional metasurface with orthogonal polarization in the same frequency bands, which greatly improves the capacity and spectral efficiency of communication channels.
Plasmodium cynomolgi: What Should We Know?
Authors: Muh Fauzi , Erwina Ariesta , Fitriana Fadhila , Syahada Jadidan Hada , Cahya Angga Dwi , Choe Seongjun , Jun Hojong , Garjito Triwibowo Ambar , Siregar Josephine Elizabeth , Han Jin-Hee
Published: August 2024

Even though malaria has markedly reduced its global burden, it remains a serious threat to people living in or visiting malaria-endemic areas. The six Plasmodium species (Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale curtisi, Plasmodium ovale wallikeri and Plasmodium knowlesi) are known to associate with human malaria by the Anopheles mosquito. Highlighting the dynamic nature of malaria transmission, the simian malaria parasite Plasmodium cynomolgi has recently been transferred to humans. The first human natural infection case of P. cynomolgi was confirmed in 2011, and the number of cases is gradually increasing. It is assumed that it was probably misdiagnosed as P. vivax in the past due to its similar morphological features and genome sequences. Comprehensive perspectives that encompass the relationships within the natural environment, including parasites, vectors, humans, and reservoir hosts (macaques), are required to understand this zoonotic malaria and prevent potential unknown risks to human health.
Exploring Oral and Vaginal Probiotic Solutions for Women’s Health from Puberty to Menopause: A Narrative Review
Authors: Romeo Marcello , D’Urso Fabiana , Ciccarese Giulia , Di Gaudio Francesca , Broccolo Francesco
Published: August 2024

The vaginal microbiota (VMB) plays a crucial role in women’s health from puberty to menopause. Traditional studies have focused on the microorganisms present within the vaginal environment and their roles in disease onset. However, the dynamic relationship between the VMB and its host remains underexplored. Common narratives emphasize the presence of Lactobacilli spp. as an indicator of vaginal health, yet this does not fully explain the occurrence of asymptomatic yet significant dysbiosis. Moreover, a wide array of bacterial types can inhabit the vaginal environment, suggesting that probiotic Lactobacilli could offer a natural, safe solution for balancing vaginal microbiota. This review examines the current literature on VMB, key factors affecting its composition, and the changes it undergoes during different life stages. Given the health-promoting potential of probiotics, we also examine their role in maintaining a healthy VMB and overall women’s health throughout life.
Nanomedicines for Dry Eye Syndrome: Targeting Oxidative Stress with Modern Nanomaterial Strategies
Authors: Krawczyk Aleksandra , Stadler Sara Marta , Strzalka-Mrozik Barbara
Published: August 2024

Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a dynamic, chronic disease of the ocular surface and ocular appendages caused by inflammation. The most common symptoms include redness, itching, and blurred vision, resulting from dysfunction of the meibomian glands and impaired tear-film production. Factors contributing to the development of DES include environmental elements, such as UV radiation, and internal elements, such as hormonal imbalances. These factors increase oxidative stress, which exacerbates inflammation on the surface of the eye and accelerates the development of DES. In recent years, the incidence of DES has risen, leading to a greater need to develop effective treatments. Current treatments for dry eye are limited and primarily focus on alleviating individual symptoms, such as reducing inflammation of the ocular surface. However, it is crucial to understand the pathomechanism of the disease and tailor treatment to address the underlying causes to achieve the best possible therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, in this review, we analyzed the impact of oxidative stress on the development of DES to gain a better understanding of its pathomechanism and examined recently developed nanosystems that allow drugs to be delivered directly to the disease site.