bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Storytelling as ‘unorthodox’ agency: Negotiating the 2012 family immigration rules (United Kingdom)
Authors: Beattie Amanda Russell
Published: May 2017

This article attends to the lived experience of binational families subject to the 2012 family immigration rules (FIR). It seeks to enrich the pre-existing discussions of family migration within the European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom, focusing on the ‘micro-political’ experiences of those whose lives have been adversely affected by their introduction. It draws on the life writings of binational families, suggesting that a micro-political focus reveals an ongoing neuropolitical experience that traditional accounts of moral agency are ill-equipped to negotiate. The article suggests an unorthodox interpretation of agency premised on storytelling, while probing the tensions that emerge when this lived experience is framed in such a manner. It concludes by positing a series of questions relating to the value of a neuropolitical labelling of the subject and suggests a need to further engage with traumatic interpretations of harm at the intersection of citizenship rights and mobility rights.
Legislative turnover and its sources: It’s the selection
Authors: Gouglas Athanassios , Maddens Bart
Published: May 2017

The research note argues that legislative turnover can be decomposed into two main sources of newcomer entry into the legislature: entry by election and entry by selection. This is demonstrated using available data on political mandates in the lower chambers of Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom in the period 1945–2015. We observe that selection is the leading source of new member entry across country and across time. Most turnover happens prior to general elections. This appears to be a general rule characterizing the phenomenon. We speculate as to the reason why. The conditions under which election appears to overtake selection as a major source of new member entry are investigated.
#HotForBots: Sex, the non-human and digitally mediated spaces of intimate encounter
Authors: Cockayne Daniel , Leszczynski Agnieszka , Zook Matthew
Published: May 2017

Contemporary practices of sex and intimacy are increasingly digitally mediated. In this paper, we identify two distinctly spatial effects of these mediations. First, the digital extends the spaces of sex/uality beyond the immediately proximate, simultaneously expanding the potential for non-human object choice in intimate encounters. Second, the digital intensifies the experiential fidelity of intimate encounters by folding the remote into the spatially immediate, such that non-proximate intimate relations with human subjects as well as non-human objects may feel more proximate. We articulate these effects by building on and contributing to developments in the geographies of encounter, which allows us to bring together theories and conceptual framings of intimacy, digitality and sexuality in a uniquely spatial register. These effects of extension and intensification resonate in a selection of empirical examples of digitally mediated sex/uality that we place along continuums of more-and-less human and more-and-less proximate. These continuums comprise the conceptual axes of a heuristic framework that we advance to both (i) capture particular points at which configurations of spaces, practices and subject/object choices of sex crystallize given conditions of pervasive digital mediation, and (ii) provoke further interrogations of the multiple ways in which sex, sexuality and intimacy are recast by the digital.
Acceptability of In Utero Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Antiel Ryan M. , Halpern Scott D. , Stevens Evelyn M. , Vrecenak Jesse D. , Patterson Chavis A. , Tchume-Johnson Trudy , Smith-Whitley Kim , Peranteau William H. , Flake Alan W. , Barakat Lamia P.
Published: May 2017

Background. In utero hematopoietic cell transplantation (IUHCT) has curative potential for sickle cell disease (SCD) but carries a risk of fetal demise. Methods. We assessed the conditions under which parents of children with SCD and young adults with SCD would consider IUHCT in a future pregnancy, given a 5% fixed risk of fetal demise. Participants were randomized to consider a hypothetical cure rate (20%, 40%, or 70%). Subsequently, cure rate was either increased or decreased depending on the previous answer to reveal the lowest acceptable rate. Participants also completed the Pediatric Research Participation Questionnaire (PRPQ) and an omission scale. Results. Overall, 74 of 79 (94%) participants were willing to consider IUHCT, and 52 (66%) participants accepted IUHCT at a cure rate of 40%, the estimated rate of therapeutic mixed chimerism. Participants with higher scores on the PRPQ perceived benefits scale were more likely to participate at lower cure rates (OR 1.08, p=0.007) and participants with a greater degree of omission bias were less likely to participate at lower cure rates (OR 0.83, p=0.04). Demographics and SCD severity were not significantly associated with acceptability of IUHCT. Conclusion. This study suggests that the majority of parents >and young adults would consider IUHCT under expected therapeutic conditions.
“Category 4A” microcalcifications: how should this subcategory be applied to microcalcifications seen on mammography?
Authors: Kim Jihee , Kim Eun-Kyung , Kim Min Jung , Moon Hee Jung , Yoon Jung Hyun
Published: May 2017

Background

The BI-RADS provides descriptors for microcalcifications based on morphology and distribution. However, the descriptor for category 4A microcalcifications is not specified in the 5th BI-RADS nor in the prior editions.

Purpose

To investigate how the category 4A assessment is applied to suspicious microcalcifications, and the appropriate descriptors for category 4A assessment for microcalcifications seen on mammography.

Material and Methods

From June 2008 to November 2011, 296 women with 305 suspicious microcalcifications that were assessed as BI-RADS category 4A, who underwent imaging-guided biopsy or surgery, were included. Mammograms were reviewed and imaging features were analyzed according to the morphology and distribution descriptors of the 5th edition of BI-RADS. Pathological results were considered as the reference standard. Positive predictive values were calculated and compared between morphology and distribution descriptors.

Results

The overall positive predictive value (PPV) of category 4A microcalcifications was 17.7% (54/305). Most common descriptors for category 4A microcalcifications were amorphous morphology (73.1%) and grouped distribution (71.1%). PPVs of individual morphology descriptors were as follows: amorphous = 7.2%; coarse heterogeneous = 12.8%; fine pleomorphic or fine linear/fine linear branching = 91.4% ( P < 0.001). PPVs of distribution descriptors were as follows: regional = 13.2%; grouped = 16.1%; linear/segmental = 54.5% ( P < 0.001). For morphology and distribution descriptors combinations, PPVs for amorphous/regional and amorphous/grouped microcalcifications were 6.8% and 6.9%, while PPVs of other combinations were higher than 10%, respectively.

Conclusion

Common descriptors used in category 4A assessment for microcalcifications are amorphous morphology and grouped distribution. PPV of amorphous/regional and amorphous/grouped microcalcifications were suitable for category 4A assessment.
Types of Knowledge Gained by Expatriate Managers
Authors: Antal Ariane Berthoin
Published: May 2017

What knowledge can expatriates bring back to their organizations on their return from jobs abroad?
Post-Experience Management Education and Training in China
Authors: Wo Chak-Ming , Pounder James S.
Published: May 2017

Different management training could assist the transformation of Chinese businesses.
A Reappraisal of HRM Models in Britain
Authors: Budhwar Pawan S.
Published: May 2017

Human Resource Management is still struggling to find a strategic role.
Knowledge Management: Auditing and Reporting Intellectual Capital
Authors: Truch Edward
Published: May 2017

While documents and databases are the natural starting point for knowledge management systems, it is the tacit knowledge that is likely to bring most competitive advantage.
Is there a rôle for managers?
Authors: Kralj Janko
Published: May 2017

It is sometimes argued that worker participation is only the beginning of more radical change in the business system of Western Europe. Eventually this may evolve into a legal form very similar to the Yugoslavian system of self-management. But how does this work in practice? What rôle, if any. do managers perform? How is the firm's income distributed? How is provision for future investment decided? How are major policy changes made? In this article the author explains the various socio legal elements which constitute the business enterprise in Yugoslavia. Drawing on his personal experience as a manager he formulates a conceptual framework to explain how strategic and other management decisions are actually made under this system. He explains how Yugoslav managers need to appreciate and be expert in the application of political and philosophical concepts in order to do their jobs properly.
Decision-Making: The Costs and Benefits of Search
Authors: Proctor Tony
Published: May 2017

In conditions of uncertainty is it always better for a manager to act decisively rather than delay and seek more information? Action orientated managers may feel obliged to make a decision even if it proves to be the wrong one. On the other hand the systematic search for appropriate information can prove too time consuming and meanwhile promising opportunities can be lost. This paper reports on research into how British firms set about evaluating new product market opportunities. Is this for example related to factors such as the capital intensity of the relevant technology, or whether the firm is desperate for new profit opportunities? The results would seem to indicate that there are tangible pay-offs to be gained from ‘active search’.
The Effect of Crises on Organizational Planning
Authors: Gilmour Clark , Sheehan Gary
Published: May 2017

Observers of history take pains to point out that crisis is the creator of many changes. The same is true in organizations where the advent of a crisis frequently creates conditions which lead to change. It is how organizations react to certain crises, in particular planning crises, that is of interest in this article. A descriptive model is presented of four phases through which formal planning systems tend to evolve, each stage being precipitated by a particular kind of organizational crisis.
The Rights of Business
Authors: Hitt Michael A. , Thomas Dwight R.
Published: May 2017

In the traditional business system the rights of property and the rights of association are well-known. But it is argued in this paper that it is possible to discern other, general rights of organizations which, though rarely made explicit, are often at the heart of current debates about the future of the business enterprise. It is suggested for example, that businesses have ‘rights’ to existence, access to input and output markets, fair competition and termination, and it is clear that societal attitudes to these ‘rights’ are changing. The authors present a taxonomy of business rights and discuss their strategic implications in the cases of private-profit, non-profit and nationalised enterprises.
A Theory for Corporate Innovation and Renewal
Authors: Lessem Ronnie
Published: May 2017

‘ “nobody is going to be able to survive in the future on ‘me too’ products”.’ John Harvey Jones, Chairman, ICI.

‘A Japanese MITI report showed recently that of significant discoveries in recent years Japan had only 6%, Germany 14%, the USA 22% and the UK an incredible 55%.’ Francis Kinsman, The New Agenda.
Working Hard and Playing Hard: Constructive Uses of On-line Recreation
Authors: Oravec Jo Ann
Published: May 2017

Recreation on the Internet is becoming a part of everyday workplace activity. Should it be encouraged by management? Can it be managed constructively?
Headache as a presenting symptom of glioma: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Russo Marco , Villani Veronica , Taga Arens , Genovese Antonio , Terrenato Irene , Manzoni Gian Camillo , Servadei Franco , Torelli Paola , Pace Andrea
Published: May 2017

Objective

The objective of this study was to analyse the prevalence and the clinical features of headache as a presenting symptom of glioma.

Methods

We interviewed 527 consecutive adult patients with histologically confirmed glioma, admitted to the Regina Elena National Cancer Institute between 2010 and 2015. We defined four headache phenotypes: Tension-type-like headache (TTH), migraine-like headache, worsening of a pre-existing headache (WPH) and classic brain tumour headache (BTH). Logistic regression analysis was carried out to investigate potential risk factors for headache at presentation of glioma.

Results

12.5% (n = 66) of patients with glioma indicated headache as a presenting symptom of their disease. Of these, 31 patients (47%) had TTH, while BTH and WPH were reported by 28 (42%) and seven (11%) patients, respectively. We did not find any case of migraine-like headache. Infratentorial ( p = 0.038) and right-sided tumours ( p = 0.013) were more frequently associated with the presence of headache at onset. Patients with TTH were older than patients with BTH and WPH ( p = 0.035). BTH was less frequently associated with other neurological signs ( p < 0.0001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the localization of the brain tumour in the left hemisphere to be a protective factor for the development of headache.

Conclusions

Our study includes a very large series of patients with glioma, providing a description of headache phenotype at first presentation of disease and investigating possible factors that may influence the clinical features of headache.
Quelques Commentaires Sur La Chloropromazine En Pratique Psychiatrique
Authors: Larivière Paul
Published: May 2017

It is not the purpose of this article to give out statistics about chlorpromazine and the cures and improved cases to be credited to its use. More simply,. we wish to outline what our own experience has been after a rather constant use of this drug over a period of two years. During that time about 200 of our patients have received Largactil in various amounts.

— it is our impression that in private psychiatric practice chlorpromazine is most valuable as an emergency drug in all cases of agitation

— Largactil has proved a valuable help in the treatment of acute and even chronic psychosis

— with unstable, turbulent children, often pre-psychotic types, it may be used with advantage

— in neurotic cases the use of this drug are more restricted, and its advantages less marked. At any rate, the criteria of efficacy are here less accurate.

— chlorpromazine is not meant to replace psychotherapy but serves as a potentializer to its action and, in that way, can shorten the duration of treatment

— chlorpromazine's action might be construed as one of “deconditioning“ where the patients had been conditioned to affective traumas. By interrupting the effect of their neurosis on their neuro-vegetative system it leaves them,. so to speak, “disconnected” from their neurosis and, for that reason, more accessible to psychotherapy than could have been hoped.

The hypothesis, as Such, opens up new perspectives in dynamic psychiatry.

It would be an exaggeration, we feel, to talk about the revolution brought about in the practice of psychiatry by the advent of chlorpromazine but certainly it introduces an important evolution and it cannot be denied that the chances have been heightened by it of obtaining cures in psychiatry.
Conduct Disordered Adolescents from a Community Sample*
Authors: Kashani Javad H. , Daniel Anasserile E. , Sulzberger Leigh A. , Rosenberg Tomas K. , Reid John C.
Published: May 2017

This study reports on a group of adolescents with conduct disorder in a community sample. Utilizing structured interviews for the adolescents and their parents, and strict requirements for caseness, conduct disorder was found to be the most common psychiatric problem (along with anxiety disorders). Various instruments were used. The findings, including approaches to conflict resolution in adolescents and their parents, are discussed.
Pre-trial Assessment of Schizophrenics on Remand*
Authors: Addington Donald E.N. , Holley Heather L.
Published: May 2017

This paper examines the clinical and legal outcomes of a consecutive series of 52 schizophrenic patients remanded to a Forensic Assessment Unit. Typically patients were isolated single males who were unemployed, living on Social Security and had a history of multiple psychiatric hospitalizations. Less than half had previous convictions and about one-third had previous incarcerations. Nearly all were acutely ill on admission and received antipsychotic medication. Seventy-one percent were returned to court fit to stand trial and the remainder were diverted from the criminal justice system. None were found unfit to stand trial. This was achieved by discussions between crown and defence lawyer and psychiatrist near the end of the remand period. Court reports did not make recommendations about legal disposition but did outline the treatment available whatever the legal outcome. It is concluded that these people were treated in legally and medically appropriate ways.
Primary Hyperparathyroidism in a Schizophrenic Woman*
Authors: Thurling M.L.
Published: May 2017

This is a case presentation of a 52 year old woman with a past history of schizophrenia who develops an acute psychosis. The point is emphasized that a deterioration in mental state in a patient with schizophrenia should not too readily be attributed to the functional’ psychosis. Psychiatric patients may present with organic mental disorders requiring medical or surgical intervention. Thus the psychiatrist must always be alert to the possibility of new pathology and examine carefully for signs of organic disturbances. This case turned out to be one of acute hyperparathyroidism cured by surgical removal of an adenoma of the parathyroid gland.
The Antidepressant Effect of β-Adrenoreceptor Subsensitivity: A Brief Review and Clinical Implications*
Authors: Manji Husseini , Brown James H.
Published: May 2017

This paper reviews briefly the very common finding in chronic antidepressant use, of subsensitivity of the β-adrenoreceptor-linked cyclic AMP system. This subsensitivity is observed with a number of different antidepressant treatments, including pharmacological, electrical and sleep deprivation. The subsensitivity requires intact noradrenergic and serotonergic systems, functionally linking the two neurotransmitters most often implicated in depression. Thyroid hormones and estrogens also cause subsensitivity, while the opposite effect is seen with Reserpine and Propranolol. A modified conditioning/sensitization model is proposed, implicating psychosocial stressors with a biological inability to down-regulate β-adrenoreceptors.
Blood Pressure Effects of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors — the Highs and Lows*
Authors: Cockhill Leslie A. , Remick Ronald A.
Published: May 2017

Clinical guidelines for the management of the most common side effects associated with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (postural hypotension and hypertensive episodes) are offered. When non-pharmacological interventions fail to alleviate MAOI induced postural hypotension, the use of volume expanders (salt tablets or fludrocortisone) may be effective alternatives to drug discontinuation.

Phentolamine and chlorpromazine are traditional drug treatments for MAOI hypertensive emergencies. The newer drug treatments evolved in the last decade for treating hypertensive emergencies is not reflected in the psychiatric or emergency medicine literature on treating MAOI induced hypertensive states. Nifedipine, diazoxide, or sodium nitroprusside appear to be more rational choices for this problem.
Homebound Aged: The Dilemma of Psychiatric Intervention
Authors: Grauer H. , Kravitz H. , Davis E. , Rodrigue C.
Published: May 2017

This study reports the 12 month experience of a hospital-based, multidisciplinary psychogeriatric community team. The patients evaluated were unable to come to the hospital clinics because of a psychiatric and/or physical disability. The group included some patients rarely seen in psychiatric office practice and outpatient facilities, but who posed problems for their families and the community. Some required referral to a clinic, crisis management or emergency hospitalization. Others however, required only minimal intervention. A total of 151 patients (119 females and 32 males) whose average age was 78.2, were seen. Seventy percent were widowed, single, divorced or separated; 43% lived alone. The patients were grouped according to the method of intervention used: psychiatric and social intervention—55%; social and nursing intervention — 28%; no follow-up —11% and; emergency hospitalization — 6%. Seventeen patients were left “untreated”. These patients usually had more adequate family or community support than was initially apparent. They were referred for a crisis which was resolved quickly. An attempt is made to explain our approach, and several case examples are given.
Psychiatric Aspects of Heart Transplantation
Authors: Phipps L.
Published: May 2017

Psychiatrists have been an integral part of the heart transplant team at the Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal since the program was set up in September 1984. One hundred and twenty five candidates were evaluated for the operation; 12 were found to be unsuitable for surgery because of psychiatric illness. Heart transplant recipients who had previously suffered from a psychiatric disorder fared worse than those who had not. The psychiatrist's recommendations for or against surgery depended on the patient's ability to cope with a number of stressors, including compliance with the medical regimen, waiting for a donor, the surgical procedure itself, adaptation to life with a new organ, and the resolution of a distressing emotional state. Post-operative complications ranged from organic mental syndromes to depression. With the increase in heart transplantations, the competition for organ donors is intensifying and patient selection requires greater involvement of psychiatrists.
Organic Dissociative Syndrome Associated with Antimigraine Pharmacotherapy
Authors: Good Michael I.
Published: May 2017

This report describes an acute organic brain syndrome with a fugue-like state in association with antimigraine pharmacotherapy. The differential diagnosis of: 1. possible psychotoxic effects of the combination of propranolol, Imipramine, and butalbital; 2. confusional migraine with amnesia; and 3. psychogenic dissociation is considered. Although organically induced dissociative states are of clinical, neuropsychological and medico-legal significance, the DSM-III and DSM-III-R have specific categories only for dissociative conditions that are strictly psychogenic in origin.
Educating Physicians for Contemporary Responsibilities in the Field of Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Mccreary Bruce D.
Published: May 2017

In 1977, an academic division concerned with developmental disabilities was established in the Department of Psychiatry at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario. This paper describes the division's educational programs for undergraduate and post-graduate students. Reference is made to the resources (i.e. faculty, practicum settings) and the curricula required. Both are considered in relation to published information on such endeavours. The contemporary public policy for shifting the care of persons with developmental disabilities from institutions to the community is noted. Successful implementation of this policy depends in part on preparing physicians to meet the challenges of providing medical and psychiatric care in mainstream, health care services.
Musical Hallucinations: Report of Two Unusual Cases
Authors: Fisman M.
Published: May 2017

Two elderly patients with musical hallucinations are described. In the first case, the musical hallucinations were precipitated by the administration of benzodiazepines. The symptoms in the second case resembled those described in cases of visual hallucinosis (Charles Bonnet syndrome) in the elderly. Issues related to the presentation and course of musical hallucinations are discussed.
A Case of Pseudologia Fantastica with Antisocial Personality Disorder
Authors: Weston W.A. , Dalby J. Thomas
Published: May 2017

A case of pseudologia fantastica with antisocial personality disorder is described. It is important to obtain previous admission records as early as possible so patients can be confronted with the discrepancies in their history. The concept of pathological lying is discussed.
Solithromycin (CEM-101): A New Fluoroketolide Antibiotic and Its Role in the Treatment of Gonorrhea
Authors: Mancuso Alexandra M. , Gandhi Mona A. , Slish Judianne
Published: May 2017

Solithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that has undergone review for the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. Solithromycin is also being investigated and has shown promise for the treatment of gonorrhea. With increasing antibiotic resistance, the development of novel antibiotics to combat infections is essential. The unique ribosome-binding stability of solithromycin and mild side effect profile make this a promising new antibiotic. This article will provide an overview on the mechanism of action, clinical efficacy, and safety of this drug for the treatment of gonorrhea. Relevant data were identified through a comprehensive literature search using multiple databases using the keywords solithromycin, CEM-101, and gonorrhea.
A new characteristic analysis method for aero-engine rotor–stator rubbing
Authors: Yu Mingyue , Feng Zhigang , Huang Jiajing , Zhu Linlin
Published: May 2017

Aero-engine fault diagnosis is often studied according to casing signal owing to the inconvenience of assembly and structural limitations. Satisfactory result by cyclic statistics alone is difficult to obtain because casing signal is weak and complex. Based on this, a cyclostationary theory combined with autocorrelation function and Hilbert transform is applied to extract the characteristics of aero-engine rotor–stator rubbing fault according to the aero-engine structure and rotating features with regard to of single-point rubbing and local rubbing. Signal autocorrelation function is analyzed by cyclic autocorrelation function and Hilbert transform, in order to extract rubbing characteristics based on casing signal of aero-engine and reduce inconsistent frequency in the frequency spectrum between time-delay signal of cyclic frequency slice position and original signal. Meanwhile, consideration is given to the influence of rubbing position and sensor installation position in the extraction of rubbing characteristics. Finally, the Hilbert envelope spectrum is compared and analyzed between normal running and occurrence of the rubbing faults of aero-engines. The result indicates that the different cyclic frequency positions slice signal's Hilbert envelop spectrum of signal autocorrelation function, but not original acceleration signal which has outstanding characteristic frequency for rubbing frequency (product between blade numbers and rotating frequency) and its twice frequency when rubbing fault occurs not only in single rubbing but also in local partial rubbing. Meanwhile, when compared with the original vibration signal slice, inconsistent frequency of the autocorrelation function slice in the Hilbert envelope spectrum is decreased considerably.
Beyond the networked city: situated practices of citizenship and grassroots agency in water infrastructure provision in the Chamazi settlement, Dar es Salaam
Authors: Wamuchiru Elizabeth
Published: May 2017

This paper problematizes the liberal ideal of citizenship that, it is argued, limits active participation of poor communities in decision-making around basic urban infrastructure services and enjoyment of their citizenship rights. In place of liberal citizenship, the paper argues in favour of newly emerging forms of citizenship within participatory spheres that enhance access of the poor to urban services through direct participation aimed at socially equitable outcomes. Using the case of the Chamazi community water infrastructure initiative in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, this paper demonstrates that community grassroots agency is capable of instigating institutional changes and brokering power in seeking social justice in infrastructure provision. This was achieved in Chamazi through socially innovative strategies that took account of principles of inclusiveness and social justice, contributing to long-term improvement of this marginalized community. The daily struggle by the urban poor to access municipal services provides an avenue for redefining the contemporary meaning and practices of urban citizenship within rapidly transforming cities of the global South.
Multi-level risk factors associated with sex trading among women living with HIV in Kazakhstan: A neglected key population
Authors: Davis Alissa , Jiwatram-Negrón Tina , Primbetova Sholpan , Terlikbayeva Assel , Bilokon Yelena , Chubukova Lyubov , El-Bassel Nabila
Published: May 2017

Little is known about the prevalence and risk factors associated with sex trading among HIV-positive women. A total of 242 HIV-positive women were recruited in five regions in Kazakhstan. These women completed a survey containing items on socio-demographics, HIV stigma, intimate partner violence, and partner risk behaviors. Multivariate regression was used to examine associations between risk factors and sex trading after controlling for socio-demographic factors. Fifty-six (23.1%) women reported trading sex in the past 90 days. Women who reported recent sex trading were more likely than women who did not trade sex in the past 90 days to experience intimate partner violence (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.25; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–4.73), to have been homeless in the past 90 days (AOR: 4.12; 95% CI: 1.19–14.29), and to know or suspect a male partner had a sexually transmitted infection (AOR: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.07–4.53), had sex with another partner (AOR: 4.53; 95% CI: 2.25–9.14), or injected drugs in the past year (AOR: 3.31; 95% CI: 1.64–6.65). These findings underscore the need for comprehensive HIV prevention and intervention programs that address the multi-level risk factors associated with sex trading for women infected with HIV.
Rapid Statistical Learning Supporting Word Extraction From Continuous Speech
Authors: Batterink Laura J.
Published: May 2017

The identification of words in continuous speech, known as speech segmentation, is a critical early step in language acquisition. This process is partially supported by statistical learning, the ability to extract patterns from the environment. Given that speech segmentation represents a potential bottleneck for language acquisition, patterns in speech may be extracted very rapidly, without extensive exposure. This hypothesis was examined by exposing participants to continuous speech streams composed of novel repeating nonsense words. Learning was measured on-line using a reaction time task. After merely one exposure to an embedded novel word, learners demonstrated significant learning effects, as revealed by faster responses to predictable than to unpredictable syllables. These results demonstrate that learners gained sensitivity to the statistical structure of unfamiliar speech on a very rapid timescale. This ability may play an essential role in early stages of language acquisition, allowing learners to rapidly identify word candidates and “break in” to an unfamiliar language.
Oxytocin and Vasopressin: Powerful Regulators of Social Behavior
Authors: Caldwell Heather K.
Published: May 2017

For many, the terms oxytocin and vasopressin immediately evoke images of animals interacting with one another, as both of these neuropeptides have been implicated as being part of the neurochemical “glue” that socially binds animals. However, social environments and social interactions are complex and include behaviors that bring animals together as well as behaviors that keep animals apart. It is at the intersection of social context, social experience, and an individual’s sex that oxytocin and vasopressin act to modulate social behavior and social cognition. In this review, this complexity will be explored across mammalian species, with a focus on social memory, cooperative behaviors, and competitive behaviors. Implications for humans as well as future directions will also be considered.
Drug-Induced Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kido Kazuhiko , Guglin Maya
Published: May 2017

Background:

The most plausible hypothesis for takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is a catecholamine surge. Direct administration of catecholamines or medications causing catecholamine surge is frequently used in clinical practice.

Methods:

A Medline/PubMed database search was conducted for case reports or series of drug-induced TCM. All reported cases of drug-induced TCM were systemically identified and analyzed.

Results:

We identified 157 cases of drug-induced TCM. Fifty-seven (36.3%) cases were related to the administration of exogenous catecholamines. In 50 (31.9%) other cases, there was potential adrenergic effect. This included drugs with adrenergic vasoconstriction properties (3.2%), hyperadrenergic state due to alcohol or opioid withdrawal (7.7%), inhibitors of catecholamine reuptake (14.7%), anaphylactic reaction that is accompanied by catecholamine release (3.2%), and psychological or somatic stress coinciding with the administration of a drug that was thought to be the culprit (3.2%). Overall, 68.2% of these drug-induced TCM cases were catecholamine related. In 14 (8.9%) cases, the likely etiology of cardiomyopathy was chemotherapy-induced coronary vasospasm.

Conclusion:

Our systematic review showed that over two-thirds of drug-induced TCM cases were due to direct or indirect catecholamine stimulation. The lowest effective dose and shortest duration of catecholamines should be utilized, and alternative therapies should be considered if feasible.
Dynamic modeling and response of a spur planetary gear system with journal bearings under gravity effects
Authors: Liu Zhenxing , Liu Zhansheng , Yu Xiangyu
Published: May 2017

This paper focuses on the modeling method and the gravity-induced dynamic response of a spur planetary gear system with journal bearings. The lumped-parameter model of a planetary gear system with journal bearings is established. Both contact on drive-side and back-side of the tooth are considered simultaneously. Linear and nonlinear bearing force models are introduced into the system model separately to take the planet bearing oil-film forces into account. A demonstration is given to show the adopted nonlinear oil-film force model is still valid for the lubrication of support for planet gears. Equilibrium positions of the planet gear are depicted under different input rotational speeds and input torques. Under gravity effect, system responses at different rotational speeds are calculated by employing Newmark integration; tooth wedging at ring-planet meshes is examined with different backlashes. The system responses are presented as vibration spectra, planet bearing forces, orbits of members, tooth forces, and the percentage of tooth wedging in one carrier cycle. The results show that the gravity effect dominates the response at low rotational speeds. The linear bearing force model is not valid in some cases. The fluctuation of the bearing force and the enlargement of the planet orbits are induced by gravity effect. Tooth wedging is the combined effect of gravity, centrifugal force, and planet bearing clearance.
Prevalence and Psychosocial Correlates of ADHD Symptoms in Young Adulthood: A French Population-Based Study
Authors: Moulin Flore , Chollet Aude , Ramos-Quiroga Josep Antoni , Bouvard Manuel , Melchior Maria , Galéra Cédric
Published: May 2017

Objective: The scientific literature suggests that ADHD in adulthood is associated with a considerable psychosocial burden. However, most knowledge in this area relies on studies conducted in the United States or in North European nations, thereby limiting generalization to other countries. Method: We assessed the psychosocial correlates of ADHD symptoms in a French community-based sample. Data came from 1,214 community-based young adults (18-35 years) and their parents (Trajectoires Epidémiologiques en Population and GAZEL studies). ADHD symptoms and socioeconomic and psychosocial correlates were assessed in a telephone interview. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess associations. Results: A total of 7.1% of the sample presented high levels of ADHD symptoms. Parental history of anxiety, dissatisfaction with love life, and consumption of tobacco were associated with the highest odds ratios. Conclusion: This study confirms the high functional impairment associated with adult ADHD symptoms in a French community sample. It extends the existing literature to family risk correlates and individual well-being correlates.
Linking industrial and creative change in 21st-century US television
Authors: Lotz Amanda D.
Published: May 2017

The US television industry began experiencing profound change in the early 21st century, change that likewise manifest in the programs of the era. This article explores how and why scripted US television series evolved so profoundly at the dawn of the 21st century and what this might tell us about the continued disruption introduced by Internet-distributed television. The article identifies the industrial practices that propelled and challenged this change and examines how the conditions of creative workers adjusted alongside textual possibilities. Drawn from interviews and archival research, the article relies on case studies of the production histories of milestone series in this evolution to assess the shifting competitive norms and the consequences of textual innovation for creative workers, commercial media industries, and audiences.
The aids-information bus in Oslo. A survey among drug users.
Authors: Skretting Astrid , Ervik Randi , Øie Kjell Erik
Published: May 2017

In 1988, an aids-information bus, located in the centre of Oslo, was established to provide free syringes to injecting drug users on an anonymous basis. In 1992, a survey among 308 persons visiting the aids-information bus was conducted. The gender proportion was 38 % women, 62 % men and mean age was 29 years. About 80 % stated that they had started using syringes under the age of 20; 94 % was hiv-tested at least once. Although syringes are easily available in Oslo, up to 45 % stated that they had shared syringes during the previous 12 months. This fact raises the question: To what extent is the sharing of syringes related to the availability? About 50 % reported having had sex without condom the week prior to the survey. The article discusses the concept of risk-behaviour in relation to hiv-prevention. Since the prevalence and incidence of hiv is low among injecting drug users in Oslo, it is suggested that drug users make strategic choices regarding with whom they share syringes or have intercourse, when not using the condom.
Article
Authors: Mustonen Heli , Paakkanen Pirjo , Simpura Jussi
Published: May 2017

Does the prolonged economic recession and unemployment increase alcoholism in Finland? By using data from the most recent drinking survey, performed in September 1992, comparisons are made, concerning differences in drinking habits between the employed and the unemployed, men and women, and the consequences thereof. Among the male respondents, drinking habits varied with different employment status categories, whereas no consistent differences were found among the women. The findings do not support the suggestion that large-scale unemployment leads to increased alcoholism; the unemployed may have increased their alcohol consumtion, but it is also possible that those with higher consumtion are more frequently unemployed. The latter is supported by the fact that problem drinkers formed a clearly select group among the long-term unemployed. In September 1992 massive unemployment had not prevailed for very long. If prolonged, unemployment may eventually have detrimental effects on society, which also applies to patterns of alcohol consumption.
Swedish alcohol and restaurant policy in the 1980s: A historical perspective
Authors: Abrahamson Maria
Published: May 2017

This article discusses factors contributing to the rapid proliferation of restaurants in Sweden in the 1980s and to the current tension between restrictive legislation, legal praxis and public alcohol culture. Transformations in towns and in public life, the transition from modernity to post-modernity, the emergence of a new middle class and the redefinition of women's use of alcohol were among the important changes. Departures from the traditionally strict control of restaurants were made in the late '50s and in the early '60s. Competititon grew and Swedish restaurant culture loosened up. In the 1980s, the restrictive laws governing restaurants began to lose legitimacy. Legal praxis was applied in a more liberal spirit. The Stockholm Water Festival, which allowed central parts of the city to be transformed into a gigantic beer hall, is one example of this. As in many other countries, age limits have become almost the only actual restriction to the availability of alcohol. The aim of alcohol and especially restaurant policy today is on minimization of damage, not protection, as formerly.
Norwegians and cheap alcohol: Consumption in a low price area
Authors: Høyer Georg , Nilssen Odd , Brenn Tormod , Schirmer Helge
Published: May 2017

Although the archipelago of Svalbard is a part of Norway (situated 78 degrees north), the area is subject to a different alcohol policy than on the Norwegian mainland. In Svalbard, the prices of alcohol are low (in comparison to those on the mainland): however, personal quotas are in force in order to control sales. This study compares the level of alcohol consumption on Svalbard and on the Norwegian mainland. The comparison is based on self-reports of alcohol consumption. In Svalbard all of the residents eighteen years or older were screened by a self-administered questionnaire: alcohol consumption was recorded as an intake of alcohol measured in units during the last week before filling in the questionnaire. On the mainland, the recording was carried out through personal interviews in which respondents were asked about the frequency of alcohol intake and the average amount of intake for each episode in representative periods.

The results showed that men in Svalbard consumed 1.7 times more alcohol then the men consumed on the mainland: women, 1.4 times more. The increased level of alcohol consumption can primarily be explained by the lower prices of alcohol in Svalbard. Thus this study strongly confirms the results of other studies which stress the impact of prices on the levels of alcohol consumption.
Does Increased Availability of Licit Alcohol Influence the use of Unrecorded Alcoholic Beverages?
Authors: Hauge Ragnar , Amundsen Arvid
Published: May 2017

In autumn 1991 the Norwegian Wine and Spirits Monopoly was permitted to open stores for off-license sales in three municipalities of the Sogn and Fjordane County — which until then had been the last county in Norway without monopoly stores. This gave the population the possibility to buy wine and spirits directly from the stores, instead of ordering it by post or spending a day travelling to stores outside the county.

Two surveys were carried out comprising representative samples consisting of 6 000 adults in the three municipalities where stores were opened, and 6 000 from other municipalities in the county; one survey shortly before the stores were opened, and the second a year later. One of the aims of the study was to see if the opening of the stores had any influence on the use of home-made alcoholic beverages or smuggled spirits. The share of the respondents who said that they had drunk these kinds of unrecorded alcoholic beverages in the last 12 months decreased in both type of municipalities from 1991 to 1992 — but the decrease was more pronounced in municipalities where monopoly stores were opened than in the others. It was also found that unrecorded alcoholic beverages were used much more seldom in 1992 than in 1991 in municipalities with stores — while they were used more often in municipalities without stores.

One of the arguments for the opening of the stores was the wish to decrease the use of unrecorded beverages. The results of the study seems to imply that at least to a certain extent this goal was achieved.
Shadow Life in the Limelight. A Social Anthropological Perspective on Youth, Local Community, Rites of Passage and Drunkenness
Authors: Henriksen Øystein , Sande Allan
Published: May 2017

Use of alcohol by young people is officially regarded as a health and social problem. Why then do young people choose to take part in drinking rituals? This paper presents data showing that young people in small, rural communities have their alcohol debut at an earlier age but drink less than young people in towns and urban communities. The difference is explained by the partici-pation of parents and local authorities in public ‘rites of passage’ from childhood to adolescence. Drinking rituals can be seen as a form of collective communication about values, belonging and inclusion in the community. The authors argue that when young people are excluded from the drinking arenas and drinking rituals of adults, which tends to be the case in urban communities, they create an alternative shadow life involving increasing alcohol consumption.
Våta Tripper: Bruket av Narkotika och Lugnande Medel i Finland
Authors: Partanen Juha
Published: May 2017

The study is based on the results of a questionnaire on the use of narcotics and sleeping pills or tranquillizers by non-institutionalized, 15 to 69 years old Finns in 1992. Altogether 4.6 % of the respondents stated that they had used or tried drugs. The results show that drug use in Finland is a predominantly urban phenomenon, most commonly among those 20 to 30 years old living alone in the capital city area. These drug-users also are heavy drinkers. In other parts of the country, and especially among older persons, people rarely even know anyone who had tried drugs.

The use of minor tranquillizers differs in many ways from the use of drugs. In regard to alcohol, tranquillizers are taken more often by abstainers and heavy drinkers than by moderate drinkers. Difference in use between men and women seems to be less than in other countries.

The use of drugs, minor tranquillizers and alcohol in different combinations was analyzed using regression analysis, with socio-demographic characteristics, health, and three life-style variables as explanatory variables. The results show that it is not worthwhile to study the use of narcotics or minor tranquillizers as a unitary phenomenon. In combination with abstinence or moderate drinking the character of the use differs from that of the use combined with heavy drinking. The capital city differs surprisingly much from the rest of the country, not only in the use of drugs, but also in regards to heavy drinking and poly drug use.