bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of conceptual linear storage model of runoff with diurnal fluctuation in rainless periods / Aplikace konceptuálního lineárního modelu základního odtoku s denní variabilitou v bezesrážkovém období, Česká republika. J. Hydrol. Hydromech., 60, 2012, 4; 27 lit., 8 obr., 3 tab.
Authors: Dvořáková Šárka , Kovář Pavel , Zeman Josef
Published: May 2018

The aim of this paper is to set up the model describing the depletion runoff process when a catchment is supplied only from subsurface water sources and also to describe a transpiration effect when depleted mostly by riparian vegetation considering it as a diurnal process in hot and rainless period. This model is conceived as a simple linear description of all forms of subsurface runoff supplying the stream flow in fully forested the Teply Brook small catchment (district Zdar nad Sazavou, the Czech Republic) for the dry seasons of 2003 to 2007 when the discharges were continuously recorded at the outlet. There are three interconnected soil water zones, represented by the corresponding subsurface storages in the model. Actual evapotranspiration from the riparian part of the catchment is approximated by a special form of the Fourier series. The model simulates a runoff process using seven independent parameters, evapotranspiration is simulated through another four parameters. The paper points out how the model can be successfully implemented in the simulation of diurnal discharge fluctuation on the small forested experimental catchment in dry periods.
Zone of flow separation at the upstream edge of a rectangular broad-crested weir / Oblast odtržení proudu na návodní hraně pravoúhlého přelivu se širokou korunou
Authors: Zachoval Zbyněk , Mistrová Ivana , Roušar Ladislav , Šulc Jan , Zubík Pavel
Published: May 2018

The paper deals with the determination of the basic characteristics of flow at the crest of a rectangular broad-crested weir and in detail with the characteristics of flow separation at the upstream edge of the weir crest. The determination of the characteristics is made on the basis of measurement of the water surface level, the pressure head and the velocity field using the Particle Image Velocimetry method. The characteristics are expressed dimensionless in relation to the energy overflow head and the critical depth.
Hydrological effects of Norway spruce and European beech on snow cover in a mid-mountain region of the Polana mts., Slovakia / Hydrologický vplyv smreka obyčajného a buka lesného na snehovú pokrývku v stredohorských polohách pohoria poľana na slovensku
Authors: Hribik Matus , Vida Tomas , Skvarenina Jaroslav , Skvareninova Jana , Ivan Lubomir
Published: May 2018

The paper evaluates the results of a 6-year-monitoring of the eco-hydrological influence of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and European beech (Fagus silvatica L.) forest stands on the hydro-physical properties of snow cover. The experiment was carried out in the artificially regenerated 20-25-year-old forest stands approaching the pole timber stage in the middle mountain region of the Polana Mts. - Biosphere reserve situated at about 600 m a.s.l. during the period of maximum snow supply in winters of years 2004 - -2009. Forest canopy plays a decisive role at both the snow cover duration and spring snow melting and runoff generation. A spruce stand is the poorest of snow at the beginning of winter. High interception of spruce canopy hampers the throughfall of snow to soil. During the same period, the soil surface of a beech stand accumulates greater amount of snow. However, a spruce stand accumulates snow by creating snow heaps during the periods of maximum snow cumulation and stand´s microclimate slows down snow melting. These processes are in detail discussed in the paper. The forest stands of the whole biosphere reserve slow down to a significant extent both the snow cover melting and the spring runoff of the whole watershed.
Habitat characteristics assessmen of the wetlands with breeding Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca and Pochard A. ferina in Bulgaria / Ocena habitatnih značilnosti mokrišč z gnezdečimi kostanjevkami Aythya nyroca in sivkami A. ferina v Bolgariji
Authors: Petkov Nikolai
Published: May 2018

The Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca and Pochard A. ferina are both regular breeders in Bulgaria. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the Ferruginous Duck was a widely distributed and abundant breeding species in Bulgaria, while Pochard was first confirmed to breed in the country only in the 1950s. Breeding habitat characteristics of Ferruginous Duck and Pochard were assessed in 2002 during a national census of the former species in 30 and 23 wetlands, respectively, where the species were present. Preferred habitat characteristics were determined based on vegetation cover, water depth, and the presence of mosaic vegetation, bank side vegetation, floating vegetation, shallow or steep banks, shallow mudflats, shallow vegetated areas and woodland along the banks. In 2002, the Ferruginous Duck population in Bulgaria was restricted more to artificial wetlands, like fishponds and micro-reservoirs, while Pochard preferred more natural wetlands, predominantly natural marshes. The altitude of wetlands with Ferruginous Ducks varied markedly, with breeding recorded up to 880 m a.s.l., while Pochard bred at lower altitudes, mostly below 300 m a.s.l. Analysis revealed that Ferruginous Ducks preferred well-vegetated, comparatively shallow wetlands with well-structured mosaic vegetation and a diversity of microhabitats, like shallow mudflats and floating vegetation. The Pochard was found to be more of a generalist in wetland selection, significantly correlated with fewer wetland parameters, and showed preference only for larger, open-water bodies. These results could help explain and give some insight into the reasons for the differences in range size, numbers and distribution of the two species and their respective conservation status in Europe and worldwide. The Pochard, whilst close to the limits of the breeding range in Bulgaria, expands its range in Europe, occupying a variety of wetlands and thus having a favourable status. The Ferruginous Duck is more of a habitat specialist, which limits its distribution and makes it more susceptible to habitat changes. These habitat preferences and the deterioration of the wetland habitats in many parts of its range could probably explain the Ferruginous Duck decreasing population and shrinking breeding range, and thus its current unfavourable conservation status.
Green Public Procurements (GPP) as an Instrument of Implementation of Sustainable Development. Analysis of the Experience of the Łódź Region Local Government
Authors: Burchard-Dziubińska Małgorzata , Jakubiec Tomasz
Published: May 2018

This paper discusses the situation on the Polish green public procurements (GPP) market, with special emphasis on the results of a GPPinfoNET project realised in the Łódź region. The identification of the main barriers hindering the application of GPP in the Polish practice is the departure point to formulating recommendations concerning organisational and legal changes which would make it possible to increase the share of GPP in the Polish economic practice. Implementation of green public procurement is considered as an important element of sustainable development.
Biomass Production of Selected Energy Plants: Economic Analysis and Logistic Strategies
Authors: Pszczółkowska Agata , Romanowska-Duda Zdzisława , Pszczółkowski Wiktor , Grzesik Mieczysław , Wysokińska Zofia
Published: May 2018

The objective of this article is the conducting of an analysis of the production of selected energy plants that are already a basic source of agrobiomass in Poland. The analysis looks at environmental aspects and production conditions for biomass designated for energy for the Virginia mallow (Sida hermaphrodita), common osier (Salix viminalis), silver–grass (Miscanthus x giganteus), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum). What is presented is an economic analysis of the production of selected energy plants, taking into account the costs of establishing plantations and their cost effectiveness. Moreover, logistic strategies for the delivery of biomass intended to secure continuous production of renewable energy as a part of sustainable development is signaled.
Rethinking the Connection Between Creative Clusters and City Branding: the Cultural Axis of Piraeus Street in Athens
Authors: Karachalis Nicholas , Deffner Alex
Published: May 2018

As culture and the arts gain importance within the agendas of cities, the operation of urban creative clusters is manifested as an effective planning tool for rundown neighbourhoods. Artists and cultural businesses (galleries, theatres, design offices, fashion designers, etc.) form a unique and distinctive sector among other sectors of the economy; their effect on the development and image of a particular neighbourhood can be very important. As part of wider urban processes, city marketing and city branding techniques are often used in order to promote the change in these neighbourhoods and, ideally, prevent negative social effects. The main goal of this paper is to present the experience and implications of the - mostly accidental - formation of a creative cluster in Athens (in the areas surrounding the Athenian part of Piraeus Street) and to critically evaluate the potential role of branding, drawing on the experience of similar efforts in other European cities.
What Can Cultural and Creative Industries Do for Urban Development? Three Stories from the Postsocialist Industrial City of Ostrava
Authors: Slach Ondřej , Boruta Tomáš
Published: May 2018

This paper is focused on the role of cultural and creative industries in the regeneration of the inner city of Ostrava. The first part outlines the basic relationship of cultural and creative industries and urban areas in market economies, with emphasis on industrial cities. Ostrava is a post-socialist city, therefore essential characteristics of one are briefly given. The empirical part presents three case studies demonstrating the impact of cultural and creative industries on the regeneration of the inner city of Ostrava. In the conclusion, the case studies are discussed in a comparative perspective with special accent on the role of the public sector as an actor of culture-led regeneration in Ostrava.
From Concepts to Practical Tools of Support: Development of The Creative Sector in Warsaw
Authors: Dudek-Mańkowska Sylwia , Fuhrmann Magdalena
Published: May 2018

Warsaw is a metropolitan city with great creative potential. All the national media as well as editorial offices of most newspapers and periodicals of national circulation are located here. Mass media, educational institutions, and cultural institutions along with a community of educated and affluent people make Warsaw a leading cultural centre both in terms of potential in creative activities and as a market for products coming from the creative sector. Although the creative sector seems to be treated as an important part of the economic base of Warsaw’s development, creative potential located in the city seems to be underused. The goal of this paper is to present the support of city authorities for the development of the creative sector in Warsaw. The evaluation of problems and bottlenecks articulated by representatives of the creative sector will be confronted with the opinions of representatives of the City Hall.
The Holy and the Unholy in Chaucer’S Squire’S Tale
Authors: Czarnowus Anna
Published: May 2018

As Richard Kieckhefer once noticed, “the holy” and “the unholy” were interlocking phenomena in the medieval culture. Such a perspective on religion and magic may, indeed, be seen in possible sources of Chaucer’s Squire’s tale, John Carpini’s Historia Mongalorum and in Historia Tartarorum, attributed either to Benedict the Pole, a member of the 1245 papal mission to Mongols, or to the scribe, “C. de Bridia”. Perhaps Carpini and Benedict projected their Christian perception of magic as connected with religion onto the Tartar world they experienced. The Mongol beliefs they related may have been the very convictions mentioned by Chaucer in the discussion of Cambuskyan’s “secte”. The tale then proceeds to a discussion of magic, but the magic there is no longer “unholy”, as opposed to “the holy”, but technological, manmade, and unnatural. The texts portray two stages in a medieval approach to magic, which were followed by the Renaissance condemnation of magic as heretical. In Squire’s tale magic leads to the experience of wonder, which unites the community.
Mixed problem for degenerate nonlinear ultraparabolic equation
Authors: Protsakh Nataliya
Published: May 2018

This paper describes the solvability of mixed problem for nonlinear ultraparabolic equation with degeneration. The result is obtained in the cases of the weak and the strong degenerations. The conditions of solvability depend on the relations between the coefficients of the equation and the parameter of degeneration.
Functions with bounded variation in locally convex space
Authors: Duchoˇn Miloslav , Debiève Camille
Published: May 2018

The present paper is concerned with some properties of functions with values in locally convex vector space, namely functions having bounded variation and generalizations of some theorems for functions with values in locally convex vector spaces replacing Banach spaces, namely Theorem: If X is a sequentially complete locally convex vector space, then the function x(・) : [a, b] → X having a bounded variation on the interval [a, b] defines a vector-valued measure m on borelian subsets of [a, b] with values in X and with the bounded variation on the borelian subsets of [a, b]; the range of this measure is also a weakly relatively compact set in X. This theorem is an extension of the results from Banach spaces to locally convex spaces.
Generalized oscillations for generalized continuities
Authors: Borsík Ján
Published: May 2018

Let (X, g) be a generalized topological space, (Y, d) a metric one and f : X → Y a function. We can define a generalized oscillation of f at x ∊ X as kgf (x) = inf{diamf(A) : A ∊ g, x ∊ A}. We discuss some properties of the generalized oscillation.
A predator-prey model with allee effect and fast strategy evolution dynamics of predators using hawk and dove tactics
Authors: Kühnová Jitka , Přibylová Lenka
Published: May 2018

In this work we present the predator-prey model with Allee effect and Hawk and Dove tactics in fighting over caught prey implemented as fast strategy evolution dynamics. We extend the work of Auger, Parra, Morand and S´anchez (2002) using the prey population embodying Allee effect and analogously to this work we get two connected submodels with polymorphic and monomorphic predator population.We get much richer dynamics, in each submodel we find local bifurcations (saddle-node, supercritical Hopf caused by Allee effect and Bogdanov- -Takens) and a global bifurcation of limit cycles caused by the strategy evolution that is not possible in any of the submodels that can lead to a bluesky extinction of both populations.
Hybrid synchronization of n–scroll Chua and Lur’e chaotic systems via backstepping control with novel feedback
Authors: Rasappan Suresh , Vaidyanathan Sundarapandian
Published: May 2018

This paper investigates the backstepping control design with novel feedback input approach for controlling chaotic systems to guarantee the complete synchronization as well as the anti-synchronization of chaotic systems, viz. n-scroll Chua (K. Wallace et.al. 2001) and Lur’e chaotic systems. Our theorems on hybrid synchronization for n-scroll Chua and Lur’e (J.Suyken et.al. 1997) chaotic systems is established using Lyapunov stability theory. Based on the Lyapunov function, the backstepping control is determined to tune the controller gain based on the precalculated feedback control inputs. The backstepping scheme is recursive procedure that links the choice of a Lyapunov function with the design of a controller and guarantees global stability performance of strict-feedback chaotic systems. Since the Lyapunov exponents are not required for these calculations, the backstepping control method is effective and convenient to synchronize the chaotic systems. Mainly this technique gives the flexibility to construct a control law. Numerical simulations are also given to illustrate and validate the hybrid synchronization results derived in this paper
An investigation of nonlinear tangential contact behaviour of a spherical particle under varying loading
Authors: Zabulionis D. , Kačianauskas R. , Markauskas D. , Rojek J.
Published: May 2018

An analytical and numerical study of the tangential contact of a spherical particle under varying combined normal-tangential loading is presented. The normal and tangential contact is described by the Hertz and regularized Coulomb laws. This study is focused on the analysis of the tangential displacement of the particle’s contact point under variable normal force and reevaluation of the procedures for calculation of the tangential force. The incremental displacement-driven and force-driven constitutive relationships are developed. The importance of an adequate numerical treatment of the tangential component of the contact force is shown for the slide mode, and the recommendations for its evaluation are proposed. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated by solving the problem of the oblique impact of the spherical particle on the wall. The suggested methodology allows us to analyse the elastic and sliding effects of the tangential interaction more precisely than existing methodologies. Besides, the issue of the direction of the tangential force, when the Coulomb limit is reached, was reconsidered in one-dimensional case by taking three versions of the unit direction vector, which are based on the tangential elastic displacement, tangential stick force, and tangential relative velocity of the contact point of the particle.
Determination of phase diagrams and thermoseparation behaviour of aqueous two-phase systems composed of ethylene oxide–propylene oxide random copolymer and potassium phosphate
Authors: Dembczyński Radosław , Białas Wojciech , Jankowski Tomasz
Published: May 2018

The application of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) is a cost-effective and simple method of protein separation (including enzymes) from complex systems. The first stage of designing the protein purification process in an ATPS involves the identification of the conditions for the formation of a given extraction system. For this purpose, the conditions for the formation of ATPSs in a thermoseparating EO50PO50 polymer/potassium phosphates system have been studied. Factors determining the ATPS formation comprised: separation temperature (4ºC or 20ºC), phosphate solution pH (6, 7.5 or 9) as well as the concentration of NaCl introduced into the systems (0.085 M, 0.475 M and 0.85 M). ATPS without NaCl were prepared as well. The conditions for the formation of the primary EO50PO50/potassium phosphate ATPS were determined with their phase diagrams. It was observed that with an increase of phosphate pH and NaCl concentration in the system, there was a decrease of the EO50PO50 and phosphate concentrations necessary to form a primary ATPS. After the primary two-phase separation, the top phase (rich in the EO50PO50 polymer) was partitioned from the bottom phase (rich in phosphates). Next, by means of polymer phase thermoseparation, a secondary two-phase system was formed. In the secondary EO50PO50/phosphate ATPS, the bottom phase was formed by the concentrated EO50PO50 polymer (30-80% concentration), while the top phase by a solution composed mainly of water, containing phosphate ions and remains of EO50PO50 polymer (3-7%).
Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Based Coatings for Polyurethanes – The Effect of Reagent Concentration on Their Chosen Physical Properties
Authors: Butruk Beata , Trzaskowski Maciej , Ciach Tomasz
Published: May 2018

A method of manufacturing hydrogel coatings designed to increase the hydrophilicity of polyurethanes (PU) is presented. Coatings were obtained from polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) by free radical polymerisation. The authors proposed a mechanism of a two-step grafting - crosslinking process and investigated the influence of reagent concentration on the coating’s physical properties - hydrogel ratio (HG) and equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR). A surface analysis of freeze-dried coatings using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a highly porous structure. The presented technology can be used to produce biocompatible surfaces with limited protein and cell adhesive properties and can be applied in fabrication of number of biomedical devices, e.g. catheters, vascular grafts and heart prosthesis.
Laccase Immobilisation on Mesostructured Silicas
Authors: Bryjak Jolanta , Szymańska Katarzyna , Jarzębski Andrzej B.
Published: May 2018

Extracellular laccase produced by the wood-rotting fungus Cerrena unicolor was immobilised covalently on the mesostructured siliceous foam (MCF) and three hexagonally ordered mesoporous silicas (SBA-15) with different pore sizes. The enzyme was attached covalently via glutaraldehyde (GLA) or by simple adsorption and additionally crosslinked with GLA. The experiments indicated that laccase bound by covalent attachment remains very active and stable. The best biocatalysts were MCF and SBA-15 with Si-F moieties on their surface. Thermal inactivation of immobilised and native laccase at 80°C showed a biphasic-type activity decay, that could be modelled with 3- parameter isoenzyme model. It appeared that immobilisation did not significantly change the mechanism of activity loss but stabilised a fraction of a stable isoform. Examination of time needed for 90% initial activity loss revealed that immobilisation prolonged that time from 8 min (native enzyme) up to 155 min (SBA-15SF).
Hydraulic Mixing Modelling in Reactor for Biogas Production
Authors: Chmielewski Andrzej G. , Berbeć Aleksandra , Zalewski Michał , Dobrowolski Andrzej
Published: May 2018

Two-stage biogas production plant consists of two reactors: a hydrolyser and a fermentor. The bioreactor construction has to meet three requirements: low cost and simplicity of construction and good biomass mixing conditions with an application of appropriate method. This paper reports CFD modelling of hydraulic mixing in the tank to be applied in a two-stage industrial installation.
Low Bod Determination Methods: The State-of-the-Art
Authors: Górski Łukasz , Trzebuniak Kamil F. , Elżbieta Malinowska
Published: May 2018

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is an important factor used to measure water pollution. This article reviews recent developments of microbial biosensors with respect to their applications for low BOD estimation. Four main methods to measure BOD using a biosensor are described: microbial fuel cells, optical methods, oxygen electrode based methods and mediator-based methods. Each of them is based on different principles, thus a different approach is required to improve the limit of detection. A proper choice of microorganisms used in the biosensor construction and/or sample pre-treatment processes is also essential to improve the BOD lower detection limit.
Kinetic Modelling of Lovastatin Biosynthesis by Aspergillus Terreus Cultivated on Lactose and Glycerol as Carbon Sources
Authors: Pawlak Marta , Bizukojć Marcin
Published: May 2018

A kinetic model to describe lovastatin biosynthesis by Aspergillus terreus ATCC 20542 in a batch culture with the simultaneous use of lactose and glycerol as carbon sources was developed. In order to do this the kinetics of the process was first studied. Then, the model consisting of five ordinary differential equations to balance lactose, glycerol, organic nitrogen, lovastatin and biomass was proposed. A set of batch experiments with a varying lactose to glycerol ratio was used to finally establish the form of this model and find its parameters. The parameters were either directly determined from the experimental data (maximum biomass specific growth rate, yield coefficients) or identified with the use of the optimisation software. In the next step the model was verified with the use of the independent sets of data obtained from the bioreactor cultivations. In the end the parameters of the model were thoroughly discussed with regard to their biological sense. The fit of the model to the experimental data proved to be satisfactory and gave a new insight to develop various strategies of cultivation of A. terreus with the use of two substrates.
A key metric and its calculation models for a continuous diagnosis capability base dependency matrix
Authors: Shi Jun-You , Lin Xie-Gui , Shi Meng
Published: May 2018

This paper is devoted to measuring the continuous diagnosis capability of a system. A key metric and its calculation models are proposed enabling us to measure the continuous diagnosis capability of a system directly without establishing and searching the sequential fault tree (SFT) of the system. At first a description of a D matrix is given and its metric is defined to determine the weakness of a continuous diagnosis. Then based on the definition of a sequential fault combination, a sequential fault tree (SFT) is defined with its establishment process summarized. A key SFT metric is established to measure the continuous diagnosis capability of a system. Two basic types of dependency graphical models (DGMs) and one combination type of DGM are selected for characteristics analysis and establishment of metric calculation models. Finally, both the SFT searching method and direct calculation method are applied to two designs of one type of an auxiliary navigation equipment, which shows the high efficiency of the direct calculation method.
Uncertainty analysis of measuring system for instantaneous power research
Authors: Dzwonkowski Ariel , Swędrowski Leon
Published: May 2018

The electrical power drawn by an induction motor is distorted in case of appearance of a certain type of failures. Under spectral analysis of the instantaneous power one obtains the components which are connected with definite types of damage. An analysis of the amplitudes and frequencies of the components allows to recognize the type of fault.

The paper presents a metrological analysis of the measurement system used for diagnosis of induction motor bearings, based on the analysis of the instantaneous power. This system was implemented as a set of devices with dedicated software installed on a PC. A number of measurements for uncertainty estimation was carried out. The results of the measurements are presented in the paper. The results of the aforementioned analysis helped to determine the measurement uncertainty which can be expected during bearing diagnostic measurements, by the method relying on measurement and analysis of the instantaneous power of an induction machine.
Algorithm for Simultaneous Parameter Estimation of A Multiharmonic Signal
Authors: Petrović Predrag B.
Published: May 2018

Estimating the fundamental frequency and harmonic parameters is basic for signal modelling in a power supply system. Differing from the existing parameter estimation algorithms either in power quality monitoring or in harmonic compensation, the proposed algorithm enables a simultaneous estimation of the fundamental frequency, the amplitudes and phases of harmonic waves. A pure sinusoid is obtained from an input multiharmonic input signal by finite-impulse-response (FIR) comb filters. Proposed algorithm is based on the use of partial derivatives of the processed signal and the weighted estimation procedure to estimate the fundamental frequency, the amplitude and the phase of a multi-sinusoidal signal. The proposed algorithm can be applied in signal reconstruction, spectral estimation, system identification, as well as in other important signal processing problems. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Problem of Profile Matching in Sphericity Measurements by the Radial Method
Authors: Janecki Dariusz , Adamczak Stanisław , Stępień Krzysztof
Published: May 2018

At the Kielce University of Technology a new concept of accurate measurements of sphericity deviations of machine parts has been developed. The concept is based upon measurement of roundness profiles in many clearly defined cross-sections of the workpiece. Measurements are performed with the use of typical radial measuring instrument equipped with a unit allowing accurate positioning of the ball. The developed concept required finding a solution to numerous problems relating to the principle of the radial measurement. One of the problems to be solved was matching of measured roundness profiles. The paper presents an outline of the developed concept of sphericity measurement, a mathematical model of profile matching and results of the verification of the model.
Antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis from diseased farm animals: pigs, cattle and poultry
Authors: Sˇ Eputiene˙ V. , Bogdaite˙ A. , Ruzˇauskas M. , Suzˇiede˙Liene˙ E.
Published: May 2018

Eighty enterococcal isolates (E. faecium, n=38,E. faecalis, n=42) from diseased farm animals (swine, cattle, poultry) in Lithuania have been studied for the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and for resistance and virulence genetic determinants. 86% ofE. faeciumand 71% ofE. faecalisisolates were multidrug resistant (resistant to three or more unrelated antibiotics). Resistance to aminoglycosides, tetracycline and erythromycin was found most frequently in both species (61%, 69%) and was linked toaph(3’)-IIIa,aac(6’)-Ie-aph(2”)-Ia,ant(6)-Ia (aminoglycoside resistance),tetM,tetL(tetracycline resistance),ermA,ermB(erythromycin resistance) gene combinations, which were supplemented with chloramphenicol resistance genescatA7,catA8(E. faecalis) andcatA9(E. faecium). AllE. faecalisisolates harboured genes coding for virulence factorsagg,esp,fsr gelEalone or in combinations with the high prevalence ofespgene in isolates from cattle (63%) and pigs (79%). The origin- dependent incidence ofagggene variantsprgBandasp1was observed. The results indicate the existence of a large pool of potentially virulent and multidrug resistantE. faecalisin diseased farm animals posing risk to humans.
Anatoxin-a induces apoptosis of leukocytes and decreases the proliferative ability of lymphocytes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in vitro
Authors: Bownik A. , Rymuszka A. , Sierosławska A. , Skowroński T.
Published: May 2018

Cyanobacteria (Cyanophyta, Cyanoprocaryota, Cyanobacteria) (blue-green algae) are procaryotic phototrophic microorganisms playing an important ecological role in the freshwater and marine environment as primary producers. However, as a consequence of water eutrophication observed in many reservoirs in different parts of the world, these microorganisms form massive scums, known as water blooms, releasing cyanotoxins hazardous to fish and other aquatic organisms. Cyanotoxins are cyanobacterial secondary metabolites of various chemical structures harmful to humans, terrestial and aquatic animals such as fish. The most abundant cyanotoxins are microcystins and hepatotoxins inducing toxic changes in fish liver, kidney, gills, digestive tract and immune system. Very little is known on the effects of alkaloid neurotoxic anatoxin-a on fish and their immunity. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro influence of anatoxin-a on immune cells isolated from the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The leukocyte intracellular level of ATP was reduced only at the highest concentration of anatoxin-a. Apoptotic and necrotic leukocytes were observed at the lower and the highest concentrations of anatoxin-a, respectively. Elevated activity of caspases 3/7 after 2 hours and a concentration-dependent decrease in the proliferative ability of T and B lymphocytes was also observed. The results suggest that anatoxin-a could be a possible immunotoxic agent in the aquatic environment and may increase the susceptibility of fish to infectious and neoplastic diseases. Therefore, constant monitoring of anatoxin-a and its producers in lakes and fish ponds should be performed
Effects of Se deficiency on serum histamine concentration and the expression of histamine H2 receptor in the jejunum of chickens
Authors: Wang Guo-Qing , Wang Hong-Hai , Wang Hai-Xia
Published: May 2018

The present study was designed to investigate the influence of Se deficiency on serum histamine concentration and the expression of histamine receptor in the jejunum of chickens. Forty neonatal chickens were randomly divided into two groups. Experimental chickens were fed a low-Se diet (0.034 mg/kg), whereas chickens in the control group were fed a diet with a Se level of 0.229 mg/kg. Ten chickens were sacrificed on days 30, 45, 60 and 75. Blood and jejunum samples were collected. Histamine concentration in the jejunum was measured by ELISA, the jejunal mast cell (MC) ultrastructure was studied by transmission electron microscopy, and the expression level of histamine H2 receptor (H2R) mRNA in the jejunum was examined using real-time PCR. Results: The jejunal histamine concentration in chickens fed the low-Se diet was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). Se deficiency induced degranulation of MC in the jejunum of chickens in the low-Se diet group; their cytoplasm was filled with fused granules and vacuoles. The expression level of jejunal H2R mRNA in chickens fed the low-Se diet was also significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). The results obtained suggest that Se deficiency stimulates MC degranulation and release of histamine, binding H2R promotes both regulation of digestion and cell proliferation while protects the jejunum from injury induced by Se deficiency.
Molecular diagnostics of Sarcocystis spp. infections
Authors: Stojecki K. , Karamon J. , Sroka J. , Cencek T.
Published: May 2018

Protozoa of the genus Sarcocystis (phylum Apicomplexa, family Sarcocystidae) is one of the most common parasites affecting animals. Interspecies diagnostic of Sarcocystis genus was based on electron microscopy for many years. Because of absence of visible differences between species with reachable magnifications, light microscopy is useless. In many cases serological diagnostic method have lack of sensitivity. A variety of molecular methods have been developed and used to detect and identify Sarcocystis spp. and to assess the genetic diversity among this protozoan from different population/hosts. Nowadays, molecular diagnostic is the common, time/cost effective method used all over the world to interspecies differentiation.
Dynamic response improvement of doubly fed induction generator-based wind farm using fuzzy logic controller
Authors: Hasanien Hany M. , Al-Ammar Essam A.
Published: May 2018

Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind farm is today the most widely used concept. This paper presents dynamic response enhancement of DFIG based wind farm under remote fault conditions using the fuzzy logic controller. The goal of the work is to improve the dynamic response of DFIG based wind farm during and after the clearance of fault using the proposed controller. The stability of wind farm during and after the clearance of fault is investigated. The effectiveness of the fuzzy logic controller is then compared with that of a PI controller. The validity of the controllers in restoring the wind farms normal operation after the clearance of fault is illustrated by the simulation results which are carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results are analyzed under different fault conditions.
A new criterion needed to evaluate reliability of digital protective relays
Authors: Gurevich Vladimir
Published: May 2018

There is a wide range of criteria and features for evaluating reliability in engineering; but as many as there are, only one of them has been chosen to evaluate reliability of Digital Protective Relays (DPR) in the technical documentation: Mean (operating) Time Between Failures (MTBF), which has gained universal currency and has been specified in technical manuals, information sheets, tender documentation as the key indicator of DPR reliability. But is the choice of this criterion indeed wise? The answer to this question is being sought by the author of this article.
Influence of rapeseed meal on lard stability
Authors: Kreps František , Schmidt Štefan , Vrbiková Lenka , Tmáková Lenka , Hlásniková Jarmila , Sekretár Stanislav
Published: May 2018

The experiment focused on the possibility to utilise the antioxidant potential of rapeseed meal to stabilize fats. The lard, which was used for this purpose, was characterized by gas chromatography. At first the non-sieved meal was added in lard. It is the least technologically difficult method of utilizing meal. Then, the meal was sieved to obtain five fractions, which were added to lard. The aim was to find a fraction of meal that would best stabilize the lard. The results of lard stability with added fractions were compared with the stability of lard enriched with non-sieved meal. Finally, we obtained ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts from non-sieved meal and from the fraction which was the best stabiliser of lard. The aim was to study the effect of these extracts on the stability of lard.

Rapeseed meal has stabilized the lard already at 0.5 wt. % content. The non-sieved meal addition of 1, 2 or 4 wt. % has improved the stability of lard by 1.2-2 times. Adding 8-15 wt. % of meal into lard has increased its stability by 3-8 times. The best lard stability has been determined in the fraction retained on the sieve with mesh size 0.15 mm. The lard with added sieved meal has gained a comparable stability the same as after addition of non-sieved meal. The lard with the same additions of extracts (ethanol and ethyl acetate) from non-sieved meal and from meal with sizes 0.15-0.315 mm was more stable than the lard with addition of meal alone. The lard containing ethanol extracts (0.5 wt. %) has a better stability than the lard containing butylated hydroxytoluene (0.02 wt. %).
Ion-pairing in aqueous solutions of peroxodisulfates
Authors: Balej Jan
Published: May 2018

Probable values of the degree of ion-pairing (ion-association) of aqueous solutions of alkali metal and ammonium peroxodisulfates have been calculated for various estimated values of association constants, in dependence a) on the concentration of the binary solution, b) on the concentration of the other electrolyte in the polycomponent solution with the common ion, able or not able to form ion pair, and c) on the value of the activity quotient Qa. It followed that in the presence of another component with a common cation and neglecting the influence of activity coefficients, the ion-association degree of peroxodisulfate α > 0.5 in solutions with total molality mt > 0.1 mol kg-1; as mostly Qa < 1.0, the ion-association degree is even higher so that in such cases the alkali metal and ammonium peroxodisulfates can prevailingly behave as uni-univalent electrolytes. In agreement with these results, evaluation of the solubility of sodium, potassium and ammonium peroxodisulfates in some ternary and quaternary systems has been performed under the simplified assumption of a complete ion-association to MS2O81- ions. It has been shown that the mean deviations between the calculated and observed solubilities of the crystallizing components are almost equally low as under the assumption of a total dissociation of the corresponding substances. The results indicated that the prevailing ion-association of more concentrated solutions of peroxodisufates could be taken as an acceptable approach for the quantitative evaluation of physico-chemical behaviour of systems containing peroxodisulfates.
Influence of aerobic and anaerobic conditions on the growth and metabolism of selected strains of Lactobacillus plantarum
Authors: Smetanková Jana , Hladíková Zuzana , Valach František , Zimanová Michaela , Kohajdová Zlatica , Greif Gabriel , Greifová Mária
Published: May 2018

Three wild strains of Lactobacillus plantarum were investigated for their growth and ability to produce lactic acid, acetic acid and ethanol under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. They were tested at three different temperatures (30 °C, 37 °C and 45 °C). The growth of lactobacilli was studied by measuring optical density (OD) at λ = 600 nm and pH value at the following times. With increasing temperature difference of cell yield was observed. The final cell yield under aerobic conditions was higher. Organic acids and ethanol were analysed using an HPLC RID method. Formation of lactic acid (as the major metabolite) was the slowest during cultivation at 30 °C, but the final amount of lactic acid showed the highest values. Concentrations of metabolites produced by lactobacilli after 48th hours of cultivation were: 9.18-11.48 g.dm-3 (lactic acid), 0.84-1.65 g.dm-3 (acetic acid) and 2.51-4.03 g.dm-3 (ethanol). No significant differences (p = 0.05) were found in production of lactic acid and ethanol by different bacterial strains under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Statistically significant differences (p = 0.05) were observed in production of acetic acid by 2L2 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and for production of ethanol under anaerobic conditions by strains 1L5 and 2L2.
Bioacoustics of Isophya Dobrogensis, a Romanian Endemic Bush-Cricket (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae)
Authors: Iorgu Ionuţ Ştefan
Published: May 2018

The acoustic behavior of Isophya dobrogensis Kis, one of the 11 endemic Romanian Orthoptera species and one of the most vulnerable Orthoptera species in Europe, is described for the first time. Male song consists of long syllables with clear distinction between the opening hemisyllable and the closing one, comparable in structure with the audible signals of I. costata Brunner von Wattenwyl and I. longicaudata Ramme. Female acoustic response to male is one of the longest and most elaborated known within this genus.
Overview on the Chrysomeloidea Superfamily (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae) in Dobrogea (Romania)
Authors: Serafim Rodica , Maican Sanda
Published: May 2018

The study represents a synthesis about the distribution of the species from superfamily Chrysomeloidea in Dobruja (Dobrogea) region (South-eastern Romania). 407 species from 132 genera and 15 subfamilies are recorded, based on the published data and on the study of material preserved in the collections of the “Grigore Antipa” National Museum of Natural History (Bucharest) and the Institute of Biology Bucharest of the Romanian Academy. The species Lilioceris lilii (Scopoli), Oulema erichsonii (Suffrian), Euluperus cyaneus (Joannis) and Altica quercetorum quercetorum Foudras are mentioned for the first time in fauna of Dobrogea. Some endemic species are highlighted: Vadonia hirsuta (K. Daniel & J. Daniel), Dorcadion equestre transsilvanicum Ganglbauer, D.gashtarovi Sama, Dascălu & Pesarini, D. axillare Küster and Brachyta balcanica Hampe. Rosaliaalpina alpina Linnaeus, Morimus asper funereus Mulsant and Cerambyx cerdo cerdo Linnaeus are protected species, included in the annexes of the Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and wild fauna and flora. Also, Brachyta balcanica Hampe, Pedostrangaliaverticalis Germar and Neodorcadion exornatum (Frivaldsky von Frivald) are species of national interest requiring strict protection, listed in the Government Emergency Ordinance no. 57/2007 on the regime of natural protected areas, the conservation of natural habitats, wild fauna and flora. Among the rare species we mention: Coptosia albovittigera Heyden, Deroplia genei genei (Aragona), Phytoecia praetextata praetextata (Steven), Cerambyx miles Bonelli, C. welensii Kuster, Vadoniamoesiaca Daniel & Daniel, Cortodera differens Pic, Agapanthia kirbyi (Gyllenhal), Macropleamutica (Fabricius), Clytra valeriana (Ménétries) and Cryptocephalus bohemius Drapiez.
Observed and projected impacts of slow cultural eutrophication on the fish assemblages of a shallow tropical African reservoir
Authors: Mustapha Moshood K.
Published: May 2018

High concentrations of nitrate and phosphate which was above the normal natural background levels which ranged between 1.4 mg l-1 ±0.1 - 6.4 mg l-1 ±0.3 and 0.7 mg l-1 ±0.0 - 2.2 mg l-1 ±0.2 were recorded in Oyun reservoir, Offa, Nigeria, a shallow tropical African reservoir. The relatively high nitrate and phosphate load was observed to have come from a non-point source of run-off of nitro-phosphate fertilizers from nearby farmlands into the reservoir. This resulted in slow cultural eutrophication. This was observed to have impacted on the catch and fish assemblages of the reservoir with high abundance and dominance of pelagic phytoplanktivorous fishes such as cichlids, while benthic and non-phytoplanktivorous species were found in low abundance. Other possible impacts of the eutrophication when it becomes accelerated were discussed. Measures to reduce the eutrophication in order to enhance adequate fish assemblages and management techniques for sustainable exploitation of the fisheries in the reservoir were suggested.
Changes in land use in the buffer zone of lake of the Mała Wełna catchment
Authors: Ptak Mariusz , Ławniczak Agnieszka E.
Published: May 2018

One of the most important elements in the protection of water quality is buffer zones. In order to protect water quality, appropriate management of these areas is necessary. In the paper, changes in the land use in the buffer zone of 200 m width around lakes in the Mała Wełna catchment over 20 years were analysed. For the study eight lakes larger than 50 ha were chosen. Changes in the land use within the buffer zone were studied from 1980 to 2000, based on topographic maps in the scale 1:10 000. Results show both positive and negative aspects of land changes. An increase in forested areas and grasslands through tilled land were positive aspects of these changes. On the other hand, the enhancement of suburban development in these zones caused increased probability of water pollution from these areas. Calculations of potential nutrient loading from different types of land use in these zones indicated an enhancement of nutrient sources in the lakes within the 20-year study period. However, these changes are not significant in comparison to the nutrient loads contributed by the tributaries. Our study indicated that in the case of flow lakes, more important is an improvement in water quality in the tributaries and a reduction in nutrient sources in the catchment with the purpose of reducing the input of nutrients into the lake. Management of the buffer zone is one of the issues which have to be taken into consideration in lake protection after elimination of the major water pollutant sources.
Addition of four new species to the genus Kisaura Ross, 1956 (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from the Indian Himalaya
Authors: SINGH PANDHER Manpreet , Singh Saini Malkiat , Ramamurthy V.V.
Published: May 2018

. This paper is a contribution to the knowledge of the Indian fauna of the genus Kisaura ROSS. Here we describe and illustrate four new species from the Indian Himalaya: Kisauraarunachalica and K. kamengensis (both from Arunachal Pradesh), K. meghalayaensis (from Meghalaya) and K. pupi (from Uttarakhand).
Biting midges of the genus Dasyhelea Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Poland
Authors: Dominiak Patrycja
Published: May 2018

. This article reviews 30 species of biting midges of the genusDasyheleathat are known to occur in Poland. Diagnoses and detailed descriptions of adults are provided for all Polish species, as well as keys (based mainly on males) for the identification of subgenera and their included species.Dasyhelea excellentisBORKENT, 1997 is recognized as a new junior synonym ofDasyhelea bifidaZILAHI-SEBESS, 1936 (syn. n.) andDasyhelea lugensisBRODSKAYA, 1995 as a new junior synonym ofDasyhelea caesiaREMM, 1993 (syn. n.).

Among the Polish biting midge fauna, most species of the genusDasyheleaare primarily arboreal, widely distributed Palaearctic species. The most species-rich samples were collected in the following regions: Eastern Baltic Lakelands (19 spp.), Southern Baltic Lakelands (16 spp.), Southern Baltic Coastlands (14 spp.) and Central Western Carpathians (12 spp.). The larvae were found in sap and tree holes, water accumulated in gutters and sinks, moist soil near fresh- and saltwater bodies, and peat bogs. Adults are known to visit flowers for nectar, and 16 Polish species were found on umbelliferous flowers.