bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EVALUATION OF SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION: SEARCH FOR ORIGINALITY OR SIMPLE COPYING
Authors: Lamanauskas Vincentas
Published: May 2021

The implementation of science and study reform in Lithuania reasonably rouses up some doubts. It would be incorrect to claim that the reform itself is unnecessary. Otherwise, any hasty and badly prepared reforms do not give expected results.
One of the most important science evaluation spheres is scientific publications. During the whole period after 1990s more or less coherent and clear system was not settled in Lithuania. In the summer of 2009 Lithuanian higher educational institutions received the new methodic of evaluation scientific production. To be precisely, the new methodic was confirmed with the order 1321 in June 29, 2009 by the Minister of Education and Science of Lithuania. The new methodic rouses anxiety because it is not coherent and clear enough, especially speaking about social and humanitarian sciences. Firstly, it is closely connected with the publication of works of that sphere. As it is said, the majority of works of such sphere are published in the local market and do not gain access to a wider round of users. Another thing is that such publications are mainly in Lithuanian. Yes, that is also important developing science of Lithuania, especially humanitarian sciences. But here is a very simple rule in force – science is not national, it is and must be international. In the above mentioned methodic scientific works are separated into the first and second levels. According to the methodic, those experimental and scientific research works of the highest level, which are recognized by the institutions themselves and which are evaluated in quality approach by the experts of the Research Council of Lithuania, are attributed to the scientific works of the first level.
Uniting of social and humanitarian sciences into one block rouses up some doubts, which means that the same regulations of methodic will be applied for the both spheres. The question is how to compare, let us say, the works of economics and linguistics according to the same methodic? However displeasing the evaluation of scientific production is, it is unavoidable and necessary. The state assigning though poor financial supplies for science, must know, if those supplies are used rationally. On the other hand, acknowledged standards (international standards) of evaluation, expertise, indexation, abstracting, usage and etc. exist internationally.
It is natural, that every country has its peculiarities, which not necessarily directly refer to international practice. However, Lithuanian science aspires to integrate into the space of international science. In order to do that, national practice of evaluation scientific works will have to be reasonably harmonized with the international one.
Key words: science evaluation, international standards, scientific production.
SELF-EVALUATION AND SELF-ASSESSMENT IN SCIENCE TEACHER TRAINING
Authors: Nezvalova Danuse
Published: May 2021

This paper will build on the findings of a pilot study to investigate the extent to which self- assessment and self-evaluation are implemented to assess science teacher students and to put into practice reformed assessment system. The self-assessment and self-evaluation in science teacher education is s an important aspect of quality in science teacher training. Currently these approaches to assessment have called for more authentic student assessment. Teachers who include authentic assessment in their repertoires are driven by a belief that alternative assessment experiences should prepare students for life in the real world. While teacher-made tests give us information about student learning, they do not provide all the information. Alternate forms of assessment can generate that other information.
Key words: science teacher training, self-assessment, self-evaluation, quality of science teacher training.
A SCHOOL FAVORING TRADITIONAL VALUES
Authors: Stankutė Judita
Published: May 2021

Judita Stankutė, a member of the editorial board of the journal, talks to Danguole Alčauskienė, the deputy principal for education and teacher of the religion, Bishop Motiejus Valančius Primary School, Plungė.
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS ON A TEACHER
Authors: Muzis Ivars
Published: May 2021

Introduction. This paper outlines socio – cultural factors which may impact teachers’ decisions and prac-tices regarding instruction. Goal. To examine and assess the working behavior of teachers aiming at iden-tifying the key school cultural factors that influence the effective working behavior. Materials and methods. Theoretical method: studies and analysis of literature sources, empirical method: questionnaire. Results. The four dimensions of school culture collectively exert a strong influence over teacher behavior in a num-ber of ways. Conclusions. Based on what teachers report about their school culture, this study of school culture leads to a better understanding of the people working behaviors towards improving the schools performance.
Key words: socio-cultural factors, school culture, professional orientation.
Light Intensity Adjustment and Severity Estimation for the Generic Disease of Tomato Plants
Authors: Sayyad Faizan Ahmed , Sayyad Rehan Ahmed
Published: May 2021

Many research has been done on detecting the type of disease that affects the crops. Because of this the farmers use pesticides to reduce the loss of crop production, since they don’t know how much pesticides to spray or use, they tend to overuse them which eventually leads to further destruction of crops. For disease classification Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is being used which lets you know what kind of disease has affected the crop. In this paper we have worked on self attention networks to calculate the severity of the disease on the leaf . Self Attention Network introduced in the architecture lets the model learn the feature more efficiently and focus more on the affected region of the leaf. The model was trained and tested on the standard dataset (Plant Village) . The core processes comprises image capturing, image processing and testing on Self Attention Convolutional Neural Network architecture.. All of the key steps required to implement the model are detailed throughout the document.
Kubernetes Security: A Quick Reference
Authors: Shaikh Sharique , Khan Mohammad , Mirza Najib Baig , Ansari Ahlam
Published: May 2021

A new product is like a newborn child. You can’t just develop it and let it be in the air, it must be protected. As the product ages, either it acquires a customer base or it dies. It becomes successful only when there is a great correlation among all the variables responsible to fall or grow up that product. This paper focuses on providing efficient tools to make the Kubernetes and its environment secure so that a deployed product is very much protected. Security of Kubernetes has become a trend [1]. We believe the paper can have a great impact on decision-making during the deployment of SaaS products.
Real Time Social Distancing Statistics using AI and ML for Industries as a Permission to Run in COVID19 Pandemic
Authors: Davande Raj , Khant Shailesh
Published: May 2021

Implementation of social distancing norms in an industry during the pandemic by the help of existing CCTV cameras and a Python program paired along with a trained dataset. The program can identify the people and the distance between them hence giving untamperable statistics, through which an industry can prove to the government that social distancing is being followed and hence the govt. need not ban them from running.
Headache and pregnancy
Authors: Melhado Eliana Meire , Galego Andressa Regina
Published: May 2021

Headache in pregnancy is a peculiarity of woman life phase. Correct diagnosis in pregnancy is the best thing for a management gold standard. Some secondary headaches that mimic migraine may begin during pregnancy, and can be caused by vasculitis, brain tumor, pituitary tumor, arteriovenous malformation, sinus disease, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, subarachnoid hemorrhage, stroke, cerebral venous thrombosis, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. These headaches must be correctly diagnosed. At the conclusion, if a pregnant patient presents primary headache, it will be necessary to treat her. The classic teratogenic risk occurs from the 29th day to the 70th day of gestation. Women with severe headache during this period should be treated because nausea and vomiting in association with pain can be teratogenic to the fetus. Non-pharmacological techniques are effective for acute and preventive treatment and should be applied. If drugs are necessary, will be choose minimal doses and medications that causes fewer problems in pregnancy. Management of pregnant women with migraine should be done with caution, keeping in mind the low level of scientific evidences.
Influence of time of menopause in quality of life and its relation to migraine
Authors: Melo Filho Sidraiton Sálvio Alves de , Valença Marcelo Moraes
Published: May 2021

The time since menopause influences the hypoestrogenism symptoms experienced by women and characteristics of migraine attacks in those with the disease. This review aimed to scientific evidence alluding to the relationship between quality of life (QOL) and the phases of post-menopause and the influence of hormonal fluctuations of menopause in women with migraine. The terms quality of life, menopause, perimenopause, early menopause, late menopause, climacteric symptoms, hormones, estrogens, migraine, pathophysiology have been searched in MEDLINE (PubMed) and SciELO Brasil. It became clear the relationship of estrogens to the pathophysiology of migraine and this may be the key to explain possible differences in QOL between the phases of postmenopause. Lack of observational studies to evaluate possible differences in QOL between the phases of post-menopause and examine the role of migraine with any differences.
Intravenous lidocaine for inducing remission of cluster period
Authors: Santos Paulo Sérgio Faro , Iachinski Renato Endler , Sato Henry Koiti , Nascimento Maria Tereza Moraes Souza , Souza Ricardo Krause Martinez de , Rizelio Vanessa , Kowacs Pedro André
Published: May 2021

Cluster headache is a rare clinical condition, classified by the IHS as a trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia. Some known abortive treatments are inhaled oxygen, subcutaneous sumatriptan, intravenous dihydroergotamine and intranasal lidocaine. However, previous case reports suggest that intravenous lidocaine may play a role in the treatment of cluster headache attacks. We describe a patient with refractory cluster headache, whose condition remitted after the use of intravenous lidocaine. Therapy with lidocaine was conducted without harm, and the remission after a "single shot" suggested this approach to be safe and desirable to be tried in patients with cluster headache..
XXX Brazilian Congress of Headache - An outstanding scientific event
Authors: Valença Marcelo Moraes
Published: May 2021

Editorial
A TOPONÍMIA INDÍGENA DOS ACIDENTES RURAIS HUMANOS DO MUNICÍPIO DE CORONEL SAPUCAIA – MS: UM ESTUDO ETNOLINGUÍSTICO
Authors: Tavares Marilze , Almeida Aline dos Santos
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho se insere na área dos estudos do léxico, mais especificamente na área da Toponímia, que tem como objetivo realizar investigações sobre a nomeação do espaço e dos acidentes geográficos físicos ou humanos de áreas rurais e urbanas. No recorte tomado para esta pesquisa, o objetivo foi investigar a nomeação de acidentes humanos da área rural do município de Coronel Sapucaia – MS. Estando o município em uma região complexa linguisticamente em razão de localizar-se na fronteira com o Paraguai e contar com a presença de comunidade indígena, a hipótese é que a realidade linguística estaria refletida na nomeação de espaços. Para a constituição do corpus, foram coletados 86 nomes de fazendas, sítios e colônia do mapa do IBGE (2010), escala 1:100.000. A análise demonstrou a ocorrência significativa de topônimos indígena (sobretudo, guarani) e híbridos com elementos de procedência da língua portuguesa e de línguas indígenas, o que foi, em certa medida, associado à presença indígena na região e à fronteira com o Paraguai, país cujas línguas oficiais são o guarani e o espanhol.
H5P E AS POSSIBILIDADES DE UTILIZAÇÃO NO ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA EAD
Authors: Bassani Fernanda , de Oliveira Hércules Alves
Published: May 2021

Introdução: O avanço tecnológico possibilitou a inserção de recursos digitais para vários campos, e o educacional foi um dos que passaram por grandes transformações. Os cursos na modalidade a distância foram beneficiados por essas ferramentas que permitiram aos professores a criação de diferentes materiais didáticos e aos alunos a possibilidade de interação com conteúdos diversos e atualizados, tornando o processo educativo mais dinâmico e inovador. Material e métodos: O H5P conhecido por sua utilização no Moodle também pode ser elaborado e apresentado em outras plataformas como por exemplo o WordPress. As diversas possibilidades de criação de conteúdo com o H5P permitem que professores disponibilizem aos seus alunos materiais diferenciados tornando o ambiente virtual mais interessante. Objetivo: Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa apresentar possibilidades de material didático interativo para cursos de História na modalidade a distância. Com a base teórica de David Ausubel, a Aprendizagem Significativa foi o cerne na construção do material didático interativo através da ferramenta H5P. Essa aprendizagem acontece quando damos significado a um novo conhecimento a partir da interação com os subsunçores instalados na estrutura cognitiva do indivíduo. Resultados: Os resultados da utilização desta ferramenta foram benéficos, uma vez que houve relatos de alunos mencionando que as atividades eram diferentes das já utilizadas na plataforma. Que muitos dos assuntos já estudos anteriormente passaram a fazer sentido com a ligação realizada com os novos recursos. Conclusão: Com este trabalho foi possível perceber as inúmeras possibilidades de elaboração de materiais didáticos para o ensino superior, não apenas para o ensino de História, mas para qualquer área de conhecimento. Conhecer os diversos recursos tecnológicos digitais é essencial para profissionais da educação, pois favorece o processo de ensino aprendizagem nos diversos setores da educação. Com isso, a tecnologia no ensino concede para alunos e professores, uma diferente forma de ensinar e aprender.
An Overview of Sustainable Development through Micro Finance: A Study of Self Help Group – Bank Linkage Program in Central Region of India.
Authors:   Department of Management, Himgiri Zee University, Dehradun, India., Jayant Dr. Jai , Dev Bhatt Chandra ,   Department of Management, Himgiri Zee University, Dehradun, India.
Published: May 2021

Micro finance is playing an important role in India for socio-economic development of those citizens who are economically and socially backward. Micro – finance have become a vital tool for promoting financial inclusion in the country. In India, as per 2011-12 censuses, 21.9% population was below poverty line. Self Help Group – Bank Linkage Program has been continuously working since its inception for alleviating poverty in the country. Self Help Group- Bank Linkage Program was started as a pilot project by National Bank for Agriculture & Rural Development (NABARD) in the year 1992. NABARD was established in the country in the year 1982 and since its establishment, it has been continuously working in analyzing most suitable financial policies, loan disbursement methods and other allied services for promoting financial inclusion in the country. The program had been proved an important channel for smooth operation of micro-finance in the country and a yard stick for measuring growth and development of socio- economic conditions of deprived and poor people. As a pilot project, NABARD aimed to finance 500 Self Help Groups in February 1992. It has shown a tremendous growth and reached to landmark increment in number of Self Help Groups which were 55.77 lakhs as on 31-03- 2020. The present study aims to find out the growth of micro finance through SHG- Bank Linkage Program by National Bank for Rural Development in Central Region of India during a decade period ending financial year 2020. The study would analyze the Savings of SHGs’ with Banks, Bank Loans disbursed to SHG’s and Bank Loan outstanding against SHGs’ during above mentioned period.
Comparative Performance Assessment of V-Blast Encoded 8×8 MIMO MC-CDMA Wireless System
Authors: Ahmed Md. Firoz , Islam Md. Sofiqul , Islam Abu Zafor Md. Touhidul
Published: May 2021

The bit error rate performance of a V-Blast encoded 8x8 MIMO MC-CDMA wireless communication system for different signal detection (MMSE and ZF) and digital modulation (BPSK, QPSK, DPSK, and 4QAM) schemes for grayscale image transmission has been investigated in this paper. The proposed wireless system employ ½-rated Convolution and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) channel encoding over the AWGN channel and Walsh Hadamard code as an orthogonal spread code. The present Matlab based simulation study demonstrates that the V-Blast encoded 8×8 MIMO MC-CDMA wireless system with the employment of 1⁄2- rated convolution and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) channel encoding strategies shows good performance utilizing BPSK digital modulation and ZF signal detection scheme in grayscale image transmission.
Integrating Extracted Information from Bert and Multiple Embedding Methods with the Deep Neural Network for Humour Detection
Authors: Miraj Rida , Aono Masaki
Published: May 2021

Humour detection from sentences has been an interesting and challenging task in the last few years. In attempts to highlight humour detection, most research was conducted using traditional approaches of embedding, e.g., Word2Vec or Glove. Recently BERT sentence embedding has also been used for this task. In this paper, we propose a framework for humour detection in short texts taken from news headlines. Our proposed framework (IBEN) attempts to extract information from written text via the use of different layers of BERT. After several trials, weights were assigned to different layers of the BERT model. The extracted information was then sent to a Bi-GRU neural network as an embedding matrix. We utilized the properties of some external embedding models. A multi-kernel convolution in our neural network was also employed to extract higher-level sentence representations. This framework performed very well on the task of humour detection.
MUA'LLAGAT ZOHAYR IBN ABI SOLMA: ELEGANT PIECE OF ARABIC POETRY (1)
Authors: Dahami Yahya Saleh Hasan , Al Ghamdi Abdullah
Published: May 2021

Zohayr ibn Abi Solma is identified as an eminent poet who produced poetry distinguished with preeminence in courtly and virtuous love. The study employs an analytical and critical methodology, attempting to elucidate the influence of virtuous love narrated by the poet in the first verse lines of his great Mua'llagah. It commences with a terse introductory synopsis shedding light on the importance of classical Arabic and its involvement with poetry.
The paper attempts to prove, via the poetry of Zohayr ibn Abi Solma, the greatness of the Arabic classical poetry and demonstrate the aptitudes of the poet through his Mua'llagah. It is divided into four main parts. The first part deals with the greatness of the Arabic language then it moves to the second section that focuses on Arabic Poetry: Treasure of Wisdom. The third one sheds light on the poet's 'The Man and the Poet', and the last main part goes with an analytical and critical endeavor of the first ten verse lines of Al-Mua'llagah of Zohayr. It comes to an end with a conclusion.
Keywords: Arabic Literature, Arabic Poetry, Courtly Love Poetry, Courteous Arabic Poetry, Umm Awfa, Virtuous Poetry.
PLURALISME PRINSIPIIL DAN REFLEKSINYA TERHADAP PANCASILA
Authors: Wuysang Chias Yohanes , Intan Benyamin
Published: May 2021

This article uses theological-ethical approach to focus on the presentation of the relationship of religion and state in the concept of principled pluralism and provides a reflection on the life of the nation and state in Indonesia which has Pancasila. The theological basis used as a reference is the Reformed theology of the Neo-Calvinism wing which was pioneered by Abraham Kuyper and forwarded by ideas from Kuyperians such as Gordon Spykman, James Skillen, Jonathan Chaplin. The author will argue that Pancasila is in harmony with principled pluralism.

KEY WORDS: principled pluralism, structural pluralism, confessional pluralism, Pancasila.
WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM THE IMITATION OF CHRIST OF THOMAS A KEMPIS?
Authors: Rachmadi Tirza
Published: May 2021

This article seeks to promote an interest of the audience to read the Imitation of Christ, the second most read book by both Protestants and Roman Catholics after the Bible. The book is dated to pre-Reformation time and provides fruitful soil for the Reformation by keeping close to the Scripture and the primacy of Christ. The book’s three main motives sound strangely familiar to modern ears: the basic pairs of opposition coloring the current fabric of reality, the sovereignty of God, and the obedience of God’s people. Even today the book remains fresh with its honesty and practical value, despite its being firmly grounded in doctrinal rocks.

KEYWORDS: Imitation of Christ; Thomas a Kempis; practical theology
Índice de pobreza multidimensional (IPM) no Mercosul: um método sinequa non para a integração social
Authors: Nogueira Diniz Leticia
Published: May 2021

O trabalho tem como objetivo propor reflexões teóricas e críticas sobre quais são os métodos utilizados atualmente para mensurar a pobreza nos países do Mercado Comum do Sul (Mercosul). Para isso, realizamos uma análise bibliográfica sobre as abordagens de pobreza, principalmente a pobreza absoluta, a relativa e a multidimensional, assim como apresentamos os métodos utilizados no bloco, que em sua maioria são métodos que consideram apenas a dimensão monetária da pobreza. Por isso, a fim de transformar essa concepção unidimensional, aplicamos o IPM e o mesmo nos revelou pobrezas que atualmente são invisíveis tanto para os institutos nacionais de estatísticas como para os governos do bloco. Entendemos que é indispensável a aplicação e a criação de um índice de pobreza multidimensional (IPM) comum no Mercosul, pois o índice contribui para o fortalecimento da integração social e para a elaboração de políticas sociais em conjunto no âmbito regional.
La Renta Básica Universal de Género. Una propuesta contundente contra la pobreza y la desigualdad en México
Authors: Martínez Espinosa Manuel Ignacio
Published: May 2021

El artículo desarrolla una propuesta para implementar una Renta Básica Universal (RBU) para las mujeres en México. El contenido se expone en dos apartados. En el primero, se explican las características del régimen de política social en México que evidencian su incapacidad para proveer bienestar social y combatir eficazmente la pobreza, lo que desprotege particularmente a las mujeres. En el segundo apartado se defiende la tesis de que la RBU es un instrumento de política social idóneo para subsanar las falencias identificadas y que una dirigida para las mujeres coadyuvaría a salvaguardar sus derechos sociales. Para ello, se desarrolla una propuesta que define el universo de beneficiarias, los montos de inversión y las fuentes de financiamiento. Se concluye con unas reflexiones que subrayan la idoneidad de esa RBU como un instrumento pertinente, eficiente y factible de política social en México.
Formation kinetics and mechanisms of ozone and secondary organic aerosols from photochemical oxidation of different aromatic hydrocarbons: dependence on NOx and organic substituents
Authors: Luo Hao , Chen Jiangyao , Li Guiying , An Taicheng
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) contribute significantly to
ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in the atmosphere, but
their formation mechanisms are still unclear. Herein, the photochemical oxidation of
nine AHs was investigated in a chamber. Only a small amount of ozone was
produced from the direct photochemical oxidation of AHs, while a lower number of AH substituents resulted in higher concentrated ozone. Addition of NOx
increased ozone and SOA production. The synergetic effect of accelerated
NO2 conversion and NO reaction with AHs boosted ozone and volatile
intermediate formation. Promoting AH concentration in the VOC / NOx ratio further
increased formation rates and concentrations of both ozone and SOA.
Additionally, ozone formation was enhanced with increasing AH substituent
number but negligibly affected by their substituent position. Differently,
SOA yield decreased with an increased substituent number of AHs but increased
with ortho-methyl-group-substituted AHs. Model fitting and intermediates consistently confirmed that increasing the substituent number on the phenyl ring
inhibited generation of dicarbonyl intermediates, which however were
preferentially produced from oxidation of ortho-methyl-group-substituted
AHs, resulting in different changing trends of the SOA yield. The restrained
oligomerization by increased substituent number was another main cause for
decreased SOA yield. These results are helpful to understand the photochemical
transformation of AHs to secondary pollutants in the real atmosphere.
The speleothem oxygen record as a proxy for thermal or moisture changes: a case study of multiproxy records from MIS 5–MIS 6 speleothems from the Demänová Cave system
Authors: Pawlak Jacek
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Speleothems are an important source of palaeoclimatic information about the terrestrial environment. The basic advantages of speleothems are their
high preservation potential, the possibility of precise dating using the uranium-series (U-series) method, and many different proxies, such as stable isotopes, trace
elements, and microfabrics, which can be interpreted in terms of palaeoclimatic conditions. Currently, central Europe is located in a transitional
climate zone under the influence of both oceanic and continental climates. However, in the past, the region could have been under a stronger
continental climate influence during cold glacial episodes or a stronger oceanic climate influence during wetter interglacial episodes. Long-term
speleothem records can add new beneficial data about past climate changes in the region. The multiproxy record of the JS9 stalagmite, collected in the
Demänová Cave system (Slovakia), represents a ca. 60 kyr period (143–83 ka). A multiproxy interpretation of the JS9 record
shows that long-term δ18O trends can be interpreted as global/regional temperature changes, whereas short-term δ18O
signals reflect changes in humidity. In contrast to the records from the Alps and the northern Tatra Mountains, the δ18O record of
speleothem JS9 shows instantaneous decreasing episodes during Termination II. This indicates that the Carpathian Belt was an important climatic
barrier at that time.
Last interglacial sea-level history from speleothems: a global standardized database
Authors: Dumitru Oana A. , Polyak Victor J. , Asmerom Yemane , Onac Bogdan P.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Speleothems (secondary cave carbonate precipitates) are archives
of valuable information for reconstructing past sea levels as they are
generally protected from weathering and erosion by their location and can be
dated with U-series methods. Two main categories of speleothems are
recognized as sea-level indicators: phreatic overgrowth on speleothems (POSs)
and submerged vadose speleothems (SVSs). POSs have the great advantage that
they precipitate on preexisting supports (vadose speleothems or cave walls)
at a brackish water level equivalent to sea level when air-filled chambers
of coastal caves are flooded by rising sea. SVSs are also useful, but sea
level is inferred indirectly as periods of growth provide constraints on
maximum sea-level positions, whereas growth hiatuses, sometimes difficult to
observe, may indicate times when cave passages are submerged by sea
highstands; hence they record minimum sea-level elevations. Here we describe a compilation that summarizes the current knowledge of the
complete last interglacial (in its broadest sense from ∼ 140 to 70 ka, also known as marine isotope stage (MIS) 5) sea level captured
by speleothems. We used the framework of the World Atlas of Last
Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS), a comprehensive sea-level database, to
provide a standardized format in order to facilitate scientific research on
MIS 5 sea level. The discussion is focused on MIS 5e, but records that
capture MIS 5d, 5c, 5b, and 5a are also included. We present the data from
71 speleothems (36 sea-level index points and 37 limiting points) in coastal
caves located in 10 different locations, and we include the spatial
coverage, the samples used, and their accuracy as indicators of sea level, U
and Th isotopes used to generate the chronologies, and their scientific
relevance to understand past sea-level changes. Furthermore, the paper
emphasizes the usefulness of these indicators not only to render information
regarding the eustatic sea level, but also for their contribution to refine
the glacial isostatic adjustment models and to constrain regional tectonic
uplift rates. The standardized sea-level database presented here is the
first of its kind derived from speleothems and contains all the information
needed to assess paleo relative sea levels and the chronological constraints
associated with them. The database is available open-access at
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4313860 (Dumitru et al., 2020). We refer the
readers to the official documentation of the WALIS database at
https://walis-help.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ (last access: 20 January 2021), where the meaning of each field
is explained in detail.
Construction of homogenized daily surface air temperature for the city of Tianjin during 1887–2019
Authors: Si Peng , Li Qingxiang , Jones Phil
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Century-long continuous daily observations from some
stations are important for the study of long-term trends and extreme climate
events in the past. In this paper, three daily data sources – (1) the Department
of Industry Agency of the British Concession in Tianjin covering 1 September 1890–31 December 1931, (2) the Water Conservancy Commission of North China covering 1 January 1932–31 December 1950 and (3) monthly journal sheets for Tianjin surface
meteorological observation records covering 1 January 1951–31 December 2019 – have been
collected from the Tianjin Meteorological Archive. The completed daily
maximum and minimum temperature series for Tianjin from 1 January 1887 (1 September
1890 for minimum) to 31 December 2019 has been constructed and assessed for
quality control with an early extension from 1890 back to 1887. Several
significant breakpoints are detected by the penalized maximal T test (PMT)
for the daily maximum and minimum time series using multiple reference
series around Tianjin from monthly Berkeley Earth (BE), Climatic Research Unit
Time-Series version 4.03 (CRU TS4.03) and Global
Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) v3
data. Using neighboring daily series the record has been homogenized with
quantile matching (QM) adjustments. Based on the homogenized dataset, the
warming trend in annual mean temperature in Tianjin averaged from the newly
constructed daily maximum and minimum temperature is evaluated as
0.154 ± 0.013 ∘C per decade during the last 130 years.
Trends of temperature extremes in Tianjin are all significant at the 5 %
level and have much more coincident change than those from the raw data, with
amplitudes of −1.454, 1.196, −0.140 and 0.975 d per decade for cold nights (TN10p), warm
nights (TN90p), cold days (TX10p) and warm days (TX90p) at the annual scale. The adjusted daily maximum, minimum and mean surface air temperature dataset for Tianjin city presented here is publicly available at
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.924561 (Si and Li, 2020).
Karst spring recession curve analysis: efficient, accurate methods for both fast and slow flow components
Authors: Olarinoye Tunde , Gleeson Tom , Hartmann Andreas
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Analysis of karst spring recession hydrographs is essential for determining hydraulic parameters, geometric characteristics and transfer mechanisms that describe the dynamic nature of karst aquifer systems. The extraction and separation of different fast and slow flow components constituting karst spring recession hydrograph typically involve manual and subjective procedures. This subjectivity introduces bias, while manual procedures can introduce errors to the derived parameters representing the system. To provide an alternative recession extraction procedure that is automated, fully objective and easy to apply, we modified traditional streamflow extraction methods to identify components relevant for karst spring recession analysis. Mangin’s karst-specific recession analysis model was fitted to individual extracted recession segments to determine matrix and conduit recession parameters. We introduced different parameters optimisation approaches of the Mangin’s model to increase degree of freedom thereby allowing for more parameters interaction. The modified recession extraction and parameters optimisation approaches were tested on 3 karst springs in different climate conditions. The results show that the modified extraction methods are capable of distinguishing different recession components and derived parameters reasonably represent the analysed karst systems. We recorded an average KGE > 0.7 among all recession events simulated by recession parameters derived from all combinations of recession extraction methods and parameters optimisation approaches. While there are variability among parameters estimated by different combinations of extraction methods and optimisation approaches, we find even much higher variability among individual recession events. We provide suggestions to reduce the uncertainty among individual recession events and to create a more robust analysis by using multiple pairs of recession extraction method and parameters optimisation approach.
Performance analysis of an electro-hydrostatic actuator with high-pressure load sensing based on fuzzy PID
Authors: Zhang Hong , Ding Lan , Zhang Wentao , Li Chenchen
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA) is an important form of power-by-wire (PBW)
technology, which is widely used in aircraft because of the characteristics of
small size, high power and light weight. However, the current traditional EHA
with fixed pump displacement and variable motor speed (FPVM-EHA) has the
problems of high energy consumption and heating of the motor under heavy
load. An improved EHA with high-pressure load sensing (HPLS-EHA) is proposed
in this paper, which can reduce the pump displacement under heavy load, so as
to achieve reducing the torque and heating of the motor, solving the problem
of high energy consumption of EHA system and improving the efficiency. The co-simulation model of the FPVM-EHA and the HPLS-EHA was established using the software programs AMESim and MATLAB, and then the simulation results
are analysed. The simulation results show that the HPLS-EHA can reduce the
torque and heat flow rate of the motor by 23.20 % and
41.02 % under the load of 20.2 MPa, and the fluctuation
times and amplitude of output position are also reduced under varying loads at
5 s, but it will slightly reduce the position accuracy of the EHA
system. In order to solve this problem, the fuzzy PID control strategy is
adopted for the HPLS-EHA. The simulation results show that the position
accuracy and response speed of the HPLS-EHA based on fuzzy PID are improved,
the output position is improved from 8.93 to 9.25 mm, better than
9.19 mm of the FPVM-EHA, and it also maintains the advantages of low
motor torque, heating and output position fluctuation.
Reply to Norini and Groppelli's comment on “Estimating the depth and evolution of intrusions at resurgent calderas: Los Humeros (Mexico)” by Urbani et al. (2020)
Authors: Urbani Stefano , Giordano Guido , Lucci Federico , Rossetti Federico , Carrasco-Núñez Gerardo
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Structural studies in active caldera systems are widely used in
geothermal exploration to reconstruct volcanological conceptual models.
Active calderas are difficult settings to perform such studies mostly
because of the highly dynamic environment, dominated by fast accumulation of
primary and secondary volcanic deposits, the variable and transient rheology
of the shallow volcanic pile, and the continuous feedbacks between faulting,
secondary porosity creation, and geothermal fluid
circulation, alteration and cementation that tend to obliterate the tectonic
deformation structures. In addition, deformation structures can be also
caused by near- and far-field stress regimes, which include magmatic
intrusions at various depths, the evolving topography and regional
tectonics. A lack of consideration of all these factors may severely
underpin the reliability of structural studies. By rebutting and providing a
detailed discussion of all the points raised by the comment of Norini and
Groppelli (2020) to the Urbani et al. (2020) paper, we take the opportunity
to specify the scientific rationale of our structural fieldwork and
strengthen its relevance for geothermal exploration and exploitation in active
caldera geothermal systems in general and, particularly, for the Holocene
history of deformation and geothermal circulation in the Los Humeros
caldera. At the same time, we identify several major flaws in the approach
and results presented in Norini and Groppelli (2020), such as (1) the lack of
an appropriate ranking of the deformation structures considering an
inventory method for structural analysis; (2) the misinterpretation and
misquoting of Urbani et al. (2020) and other relevant scientific literature;
and (3) irrelevant and contradictory statements within their comment.
Collecting Dissertation Data during COVID 19
Authors: Sroka Matthew J.
Published: May 2021

This essay describes my personal experience as a doctoral candidate collecting data for my dissertation during the COVID-19 pandemic. After providing the context for my own study, I lay out three main ideas that emerged while collecting data. These main ideas involve including participants in the decision-making process, sharing one another’s challenging contexts to understand and connect, and the importance of teacher learning communities in times of isolation. My essay highlights some of the challenges and opportunities of collecting data during difficult circumstances and discusses the importance of professional learning communities to assist teachers with long-term coping within an unexpected context.
Phototherapy Induced Hypocalcemia in Neonates with Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Khan Amna , Farhat Anila , Anwar Hamayun , Shamim Sajid , Rehman Mujeeb Ur , Khan Irfan
Published: May 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of hypocalcemia in neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia receivingphototherapy.Study design and setting: Cross sectional study conducted at neonatal intensive care unit, King Abdullah Teaching Hospital,Mansehra for one year from December 2017 to November 2018.Methodology: Total 213 full term stable neonates of either gender with jaundice were studied in this study. Out of which,143 with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia were exposed to phototherapy while 70 neonates with exaggerated physiologicalhyperbilirubinemia taken as control were not exposed to phototherapy. Serum calcium level was determined through bloodtest before and after 24 hours of phototherapy. SPSS version 22 was used to analyze the data. Frequency and percentageswere used to describe categorical variables like gender and hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemia was stratified by age and genderto see effect modifiers. Post stratified chi-square test was applied in which p value = 0.05 was considered as significancevalue.Results: In study group, 143 neonates who received phototherapy had mean age of 7 days ± 2.62 SD. Total 65% neonateswere male and 35% neonates were female. Mean serum calcium level of neonates before and after provision of phototherapywas 9.28 mg/dl ± 0.23 and 8.54 mg/dl ± 0.68 respectively, which is statistically significant. The frequency of hypocalcemiawas 40% in neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia after 24 hours of phototherapy.Conclusion: Hypocalcemia is an important complication in neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia after continuousphototherapy. Hypocalcemia has clinical impact and adds to morbidity, and if left untreated, can lead to mortality.
NEW SOLUTION TO THE DROPLET KERNEL MODEL
Authors: Yakubovski Evgeniy Georgievich
Published: May 2021

The droplet model of the nucleus is revived, for which an exact solution for an incompressible fluid is obtained using the hydrodynamic potential solution obtained from the Schrödinger equation. Moreover, for an incompressible fluid, there are formulas for the pressure or potential. There is the main part of the hydrodynamic potential, which is obtained by replacing the modulus of the inverse difference of vectors by the difference in moduli of the values of the vectors. The bulk of the potential is expressed in a finite formula with singularities. A formula is obtained for the integral containing the modulus of the difference between the exact values of the vectors minus the main part of the potential. This difference defines a continuous correction with the features taken into account. The main part of the potential at the boundary of the nucleus turned out to be infinitely large with an imaginary part, locking particles in the nucleus. In this case, the real part of the main potential decreases with decreasing radius, becomes negative, and determines the bound state. At half the radius of the nucleus, there is a linear term along the radius. At the zero radius, there is an infinite negative potential with an imaginary part. An expression for the quantum of the emitted energy is obtained. Note that the added mass was not used due to the rotational regime of the nucleus. An algorithm for calculating the spectrum of the kernel is proposed, and each state of the action of the kernel sn corresponds to n calculated frequencies, determined by n angles in the configuration space. The main space is n + 1 dimensional, and each dimension of space has its own energy. But without special means, the potential of the nucleus tends to infinity. It is necessary to introduce the imaginary degree of roughness of the corners, in expressions containing singularities, then the infinities disappear.
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES THEORY, PRACTICE, EXPERIMENT
Authors: Tarassenko G.B.
Published: May 2021

The paper attempts a comprehensive analysis and interpretation of the energy device based on the principles of «cold» nuclear fusion. It should be noted that the understanding of «cold» nuclear synthesis may include hightemperature reactions occurring in locally small volumes (for example, cavitation). In this case, the working fluid remains relatively «cold». Some devices, such as, «vortex heat engine» is already used for heat production. However, there are discussions about the excess heat compared to the energy expended (electric, chemical, etc.). Do not confuse this type of device with heat pumps (household refrigerator). It uses the ideas and principles of technical thermodynamics of open systems (energy of the environment, the earth’s interior, the Sun, Space). Although this division is arbitrary. The interpretation of processes is given, physical phenomena, problems, prospects are considered.
VASCULAR AGE. ITS INFLUENCE ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE AND ON ITS FORECAST, POSSIBILITIES OF CORRECTION
Authors: Fatah Abdulwahed Mahmoud
Published: May 2021

Vascular age (synonyms — cardiac age, age of cardiovascular risk, biological age). Chronological age of a patient with the same level of cardiovascular risk as the subject, but in the absence of modifiable risk factors.
Vascular age:
— may be more than the passport in the presence of risk factors,
— allows you to explain to the patient that he has a high risk of CVD,
— increases the motivation and adherence of patients to therapy,
— allows the physician to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy in reducing the risk of CVD in a given patient. The growing interest in the problems of vascular aging and the search for new available parameters reflecting the effect of this process on cardiovascular risk, led to the emergence of the indicator «Vascular age», which is a way of expressing the risk of cardiovascular complications in the form of age.
THE ECONOMIC CRISIS IN RUSSIA: WHY BANKS ARE DEPRIVED OF LICENSES
Authors: Gunther Irina Nikolaevna , Shirokaya Svetlana Yurievna
Published: May 2021

The banking sector is very sensitive to changes in the field of both the world economy and the economy of our country. At any time, the banking sector is exposed to different types of risks, depending on many factors: a decrease in the economic activity of citizens, a slowdown in the growth of the country’s economy, the geographical location of the facility, various types of services offered, etc.
Una aproximación a las traducciones bizantinas de la Ilíada y su público
Authors: Pérez Moro David
Published: May 2021

El artículo presenta las diferentes paráfrasis y metáfrasis de la Ilíada elaboradas desde la antigüedad hasta la época bizantina y trata de abordar el problema del público al que se dirigen, principalmente sobre la base de los cambios en los niveles o registros de la lengua involucrados en el proceso de traducción desde el griego homérico. Para lograr este objetivo, primero consideramos el enfoque que siguieron, ya sea exegético o didáctico, ya que determinó en gran medida la forma final de estas versiones; luego, tenemos en cuenta las fuentes utilizadas por los metafrastas, ya que las diferentes versiones se siguen muy de cerca y no operan libremente, sino sobre la base de patrones bien establecidos, que están atestiguados en diccionarios y escolios.
La violencia como recurso dramático en Suplicantes de Esquilo
Authors: Molina Zorrilla Isidro
Published: May 2021

Suplicantes de Esquilo es una tragedia cargada de violencia. Partiendo de la base de que el motivo que explica la huida que lleva al grupo de cincuenta muchachas a suplicar asilo en Argos es su miedo a sufrir violencia sexual por parte de sus cincuenta primos, Esquilo utiliza la amenaza de este tipo de violencia como un recurso dramático que motiva y desarrolla el drama. En el presente trabajo se analiza la expresión y la puesta en escena de esta violencia sugerida en los dos puntos climácicos de la pieza de Esquilo: la amenaza de suicidio durante la súplica y el posterior intento de rapto por parte de los egipcios.
微信支付的消费者使用行为影响因素研究
Authors: 张 菊香
Published: May 2021

随着第三方支付平台的发展，微信支付已经逐步渗入人们生活之中。本文从消费者角度，以UTAUT模型为基础，对微信支付的用户行为影响因素进行研究。通过实证分析，得出绩效期望、社会影响、安全信任度对使用意愿产生显著正向影响；绩效期望、社会影响、安全信任度、促进因素以及微信支付消费者的使用意愿对用户使用行为产生显著正向影响。根据研究结果，本文提出增加微信支付的群体适应性功能、增加对微信支付的产品宣传、更多地融入消费者生活、提高消费者对微信支付的安全信任度的建议，以提升微信支付用户群数量与消费频率。
跨境出口电商选品策略
Authors: 邱 碧珍
Published: May 2021

传统贸易遭遇困境，而跨境出口电商构建的灵活、开放、高效的贸易环境成为我国贸易出口的新引擎和新动力，越来越多的中小微企业加入到跨境电商出口行业。选品策略是跨境出口电商最核心的问题。本文从利用数据分析进行选品、通过调研工具进行选品、根据消费者的需求特点进行选品、产品跟卖策略、是否建立品牌以及产品价格的选择这几个角度，提供跨境出口电商的选品策略，以期为中小微企业在实施跨境出口电商时提供参考。
以文化维度理论对中国在非企业的跨文化管理的研究
Authors: 吴 东英 , 刘 凌
Published: May 2021

中国对非洲投资的近年来持续上升，涉及的行业范围也愈加广泛，特别是民营企业投资非洲的数量及规模不断增加，在2018年在非投资企业已经有了3,800家。总体来说，非洲对投资的中国企业持有积极肯定的态度，而非洲人多变的政治生态、复杂的风土人情等背景也给营商环境带来巨大挑战。本文希望能够通过运用霍夫斯泰德的文化维度理论，分析中国在非投资企业的跨文化管理的现状和问题，并就内蒙古鹿王羊绒成功出走马达加斯加的跨文化管理经验，希望给中国在非企业些许启示。