bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Corticospinal Tract Lesion for Predicting Outcome in Small Perfusion Stroke
Authors: Zhou Ying , Zhang Ruiting , Yan Shenqiang , Zhang Meixia , Chen Zhicai , Hu Haitao , Zhang Minming , Bivard Andrew , Lin Longting , Parsons Mark W. , Lou Min
Published: October 2018

Background and Purpose—

Whether patients with small perfusion lesions benefit from thrombolysis remains an uncertainty. We assessed acute ischemic stroke patients with a total perfusion lesion of <15 mL and tested the hypothesis the pattern of corticospinal tract (CST) involvement might predict outcome in thrombolysis-eligible patients.

Methods—

We used a prospectively collected cohort of acute ischemic stroke patients being assessed for thrombolysis at 7 centers. Three neurologists categorized the presence of hypoperfusion and infarction within CST. Excellent outcome was defined as 90-day modified Rankin Scale score 0 to 1.

Results—

Of 2654 patients, 407 had a perfusion lesion <15 mL and were clinically eligible for thrombolysis (243 being treated). Median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was 5.0, and 312 (76.7%) patients achieved excellent outcome. Alteplase treatment was an independent unfavorable factor for excellent outcome (alteplase-treated 72.0% versus untreated 83.5%; odds ratio, 0.541;
P
=0.025). For patients with CST hypoperfusion without CST infarction, alteplase treatment was an independent favorable factor for excellent outcome (alteplase-treated 75.6% versus untreated 47.1%; odds ratio, 4.096;
P
=0.045). Among patients with CST infarction, alteplase treatment was an independent unfavorable factor for excellent outcome (alteplase-treated 30.6% versus untreated 88.9%; odds ratio, 0.002;
P
=0.003). Among patients without either CST hypoperfusion or CST infarction, alteplase treatment was not an independent influencing factor for excellent outcome (alteplase-treated 80.1% versus untreated 87.7%;
P
=0.258).

Conclusions—

Only patients with CST hypoperfusion without CST infarction among eligible acute ischemic stroke patients with small perfusion lesions could benefit from thrombolysis, which needs to be confirmed in future prospective studies. Patient selection, including an assessment of lesion location rather than purely lesion volume, may be ideal.
Cav-1 (Caveolin-1) and Arterial Remodeling in Adult Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Chung Jong-Won , Kim Dong Hee , Oh Mi Jeong , Cho Yeon Hee , Kim Eun Hee , Moon Gyeong Joon , Ki Chang-Seok , Cha Jihoon , Kim Keon Ha , Jeon Pyoung , Yeon Je Young , Kim Gyeong-Moon , Kim Jong-Soo , Hong Seung Chyul , Bang Oh Young
Published: October 2018

Background and Purpose—

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a unique cerebrovascular occlusive disease characterized by progressive stenosis and negative remodeling of the distal internal carotid artery (ICA). We hypothesized that cav-1 (caveolin-1)—a protein that controls the regulation of endothelial vesicular trafficking and signal transduction—is associated with negative remodeling in MMD.

Methods—

We prospectively recruited 77 consecutive patients with MMD diagnosed via conventional angiography. Seventeen patients with intracranial atherosclerotic stroke and no
RNF213
mutation served as controls. The outer distal ICA diameters were examined using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. We evaluated whether the degree of negative remodeling in the patients with MMD was associated with
RNF213
polymorphism, cav-1 levels, or various clinical and vascular risk factors. We also investigated whether the derived factor was associated with negative remodeling at the cellular level using the tube formation and apoptosis assays.

Results—

The serum cav-1 level was lower in the patients with MMD than in the controls (0.47±0.29 versus 0.86±0.68 ng/mL;
P
=0.034). The mean ICA diameter was 2.48±0.98 mm for the 126 affected distal ICAs in patients with MMD and 3.84±0.42 mm for the asymptomatic ICAs in the controls (
P
<0.001). After adjusting for confounders, cav-1 levels (coefficient, 1.018;
P
<0.001) were independently associated with the distal ICA diameter in patients with MMD. In vitro analysis showed that cav-1 downregulation suppressed angiogenesis in the endothelial cells and induced apoptosis in the smooth muscle cells.

Conclusions—

Our findings suggest that cav-1 may play a major role in negative arterial remodeling in MMD.
Cancer Exacerbates Ischemic Brain Injury Via Nrp1 (Neuropilin 1)-Mediated Accumulation of Regulatory T Cells Within the Tumor
Authors: Wang Long , Zhou Yuxi , Yin Jiemin , Gan Yu , Wang Xin , Wen Daxiang , Thomson Angus W. , Hu Xiaoming , Yang Liqun , Stetler R. Anne , Li Peiying , Yu Weifeng
Published: October 2018

Background and Purpose—

Adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells (Tregs) protect against stroke; however, Treg-based therapy raises concerns in stroke patients with cancer because of the immunosuppressive function of Tregs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Tregs in cerebral ischemic brain injury with concomitant cancer.

Methods—

To establish a cancer phenotype, MC38 colon cancer or B16 melanoma cells (5×10
5
/mice) were injected subcutaneously into C57BL/6J mice 2 to 3 weeks before distal middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery. Infarct volume, neuroinflammation, and Tregs infiltration were measured by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, immunofluorescence staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometry. Mechanistically, Nrp1 (neuropilin-1) monoclonal antibody was used to block the Nrp1 effect on Tregs ex vivo before being transferred into recombination activating gene 1 (Rag1-/-) stroke mice, which are devoid of T and B cells, or a Nrp1 neutralization antibody was injected systemically into cancer-bearing wild-type mice after stroke.

Results—

Cancer-bearing mice with stroke exhibited augmented neuroinflammation and fewer Tregs in the brain, but more infiltration of Tregs to the tumor was apparent after distal middle cerebral artery occlusion. Depletion of Tregs increased infarct volume in stroke mice but did not further exacerbate brain injury in cancer-bearing stroke mice. Nrp1 blocking ex vivo or Nrp1 systemic neutralization attenuated ischemic brain injury and reversed accumulation of Tregs within tumor after stroke in cancer-bearing mice.

Conclusions—

Nrp1 signaling mediated accumulation of Tregs within tumor might play a critical role in exacerbating ischemic brain injury in cancer-bearing mice and may represent a promising immune modulatory target for the combined condition of cancer and stroke.
Direct Transfer to Angio-Suite to Reduce Workflow Times and Increase Favorable Clinical Outcome
Authors: Mendez Beatriz , Requena Manuel , Aires Ana , Martins Nuno , Boned Sandra , Rubiera Marta , Tomasello Alejandro , Coscojuela Pilar , Muchada Marián , Rodríguez-Luna David , Rodríguez-Villatoro Noelia , Juega Jesús , Pagola Jorge , Molina Carlos A. , Ribó Marc
Published: October 2018

Background and Purpose—

Time to reperfusion is fundamental in reducing morbidity and mortality in acute stroke. We aimed to demonstrate that direct transfer to angio-suite (DTAS) of patients with suspected large vessel occlusion stroke improves workflow times and outcomes.

Methods—

A case-control matched study of the first 79 DTAS patients with confirmed large vessel occlusion (cases) and 145 no-DTAS patients (controls). DTAS protocol included a cone beam computed tomography in the angio-suite to rule out intracerebral hemorrhage for those patients with no prior neuroimaging in a referring center. Cases and controls were matched by location of vessel occlusion, age, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and time from symptoms onset to Comprehensive Stroke Center arrival. Dramatic clinical improvement was defined as a decrease in NIHSS score of >10 points or final NIHSS score of ≤2. Favorable outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale score of ≤2 at 90 days.

Results—

During an 18 months period a total of 97 patients were directly transferred to the angio-suite after admission: 11 (11.6%) showed an intracerebral hemorrhage on cone beam computed tomography, 7 (7.2%) did not have a large vessel occlusion on initial angiogram, and 79 (76.3%) had a large vessel occlusion and received endovascular treatment (cases). There were no differences in age, baseline NIHSS score, level of occlusion and time from onset-to-door between cases and controls. The median door-to-groin time (16 [12–20] versus 70 [45–105] minutes;
P
<0.01) and onset-to-groin times (222 [152–282] versus 259 [190–345] minutes;
P
<0.01) were shorter in the DTAS group. At 24 hours, DTAS patients presented lower NIHSS score (7 [4–16] versus 14 [4–20];
P
=0.01), higher rate of dramatic improvement (50.6% Vs. 31.7%;
P
=0.04), and higher rate of favorable clinical outcome at 90 days (41% versus 28%;
P
=0.05). A logistic regression model adjusting for all matching variables showed that DTAS protocol was independently associated with 3 months favorable outcome (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2–5.3;
P
=0.01).

Conclusions—

DTAS is an effective strategy to reduce workflow time which may significantly increase the odds of achieving a favorable outcome.
Dual-Task Exercise Reduces Cognitive-Motor Interference in Walking and Falls After Stroke
Authors: Pang Marco Yiu Chung , Yang Lei , Ouyang Huixi , Lam Freddy Man Hin , Huang Meizhen , Jehu Deborah Ann
Published: October 2018

Background and Purpose—

Functional community ambulation requires the ability to perform mobility and cognitive task simultaneously (dual-tasking). This single-blinded randomized controlled study aimed to examine the effects of dual-task exercise in chronic stroke patients.

Methods—

Eighty-four chronic stroke patients (24 women; age, 61.2±6.4 years; time since stroke onset, 75.3±64.9 months) with mild to moderate motor impairment (Chedoke-McMaster leg motor score: median, 5; interquartile range, 4–6) were randomly allocated to the dual-task balance/mobility training group, single-task balance/mobility group, or upper-limb exercise (control) group. Each group exercised for three 60-minute sessions per week for 8 weeks. The dual-task interference effect was measured for the time to completion of 3 mobility tests (forward walking, timed-up-and-go, and obstacle crossing) and for the correct response rate during serial-3-subtractions and verbal fluency task. Secondary outcomes included the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, Frenchay Activities Index, and Stroke-specific Quality of Life Scale. The above outcomes were measured at baseline, immediately after, and 8 weeks after training. Fall incidence was recorded for a 6-month period posttraining.

Results—

Only the dual-task group exhibited reduced dual-task interference in walking time posttraining (forward walking combined with verbal fluency [9.5%,
P
=0.014], forward walking with serial-3-subtractions [9.6%,
P
=0.035], and the timed-up-and-go with verbal fluency [16.8%,
P
=0.001]). The improvements in dual-task walking were largely maintained at the 8-week follow-up. The dual-task cognitive performance showed no significant changes. The dual-task program reduced the risk of falls and injurious falls by 25.0% (95% CI, 3.1%–46.9%;
P
=0.037) and 22.2% (95% CI, 4.0%–38.4%;
P
=0.023), respectively, during the 6-month follow-up period compared with controls. There was no significant effect on other secondary outcomes (
P
>0.05).

Conclusions—

The dual-task program was effective in improving dual-task mobility, reducing falls and fall-related injuries in ambulatory chronic stroke patients with intact cognition. It had no significant effect on activity participation or quality of life.

Clinical trial registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02270398.
THE TWIN DEFICITS HYPOTHESIS: NEW EVIDENCE FROM GIIPS ACCOUNTING FOR STRUCTURAL SHIFTS IN CAUSAL LINKAGES
Authors: DURUSU ÇİFTÇİ Dilek
Published: October 2018

This study re-examines the dynamic causal link between government budget and current account deficits for five highly indebted European countries: Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain (GIIPS) with newly developed econometric techniques. Utilizing first Toda –Yamamoto causality analysis and then its Fourier approximation to consider structural shifts, this study asks whether accounting structural shifts plays a role on these causal linkages. The results reveal that considering structural shifts is important for the relationship between fiscal and current account imbalances of the GIIPS. The findings of analysis that does not consider structural changes indicate that the twin deficit hypothesis is supported through Keynesian Hypothesis (for Spain) or Current Account Targeting Hypothesis (for Greece and Portugal) but also Barro-Ricardo Equivalence Theorem is acknowledged for Ireland and Italy. On the other hand, the causality analysis that account for structural changes show that current account targeting hypothesis is supported by all countries, except Ireland
Making Non-Transitive Betterness Behave
Authors: Vong Gerard
Published: October 2018

It is exceedingly plausible that the normative reason involving relations, ‘more reason to do than’ and ‘is rationally preferred to’, are transitive. Many philosophers and economists use the plausibility of covariation between these reason involving relations and the ‘better than’ relation to argue – or more often, to insist – that the ‘better than’ relation is also transitive. But Rachels, Temkin and Baumann provide powerful arguments for non-transitive betterness. Conversely, some defenders of non-transitive betterness, such as Friedman, use the covariation of betterness and reason to argue that the reason involving relations are also non-transitive. I will argue that both types of covariation argument are overly hasty. To do so, I will present two functions that input a non-transitive axiological ranking and output a transitive deontic ranking. I then argue that an ethical principle involving these functions has independent plausibility and avoids important objections associated with non-transitive betterness.
The Power of Appearances
Authors: Popovic Nenad
Published: October 2018

One common problem with anti-skepticism and skepticism alike is their failure to account for our sometimes conflicting epistemic intuitions. In order to address this problem and provide a new direction for solving the skeptical puzzle, I consider a modified version of the puzzle that is based on knowledge claims about appearances and does not result in a paradox. I conclude that combining the elements of both the original and modified puzzle can potentially guide us towards solutions that can fully explain the conflict of epistemic intuitions.
Review of the genus Alysia Latreille (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Alysiinae), with description of six new species from China
Authors: ZHU JIA-CHEN , VAN ACHTERBERG CORNELIS , CHEN XUE-XIN
Published: October 2018

Six new species of Alysia Latreille are described and illustrated from China, i.e., Alysia hebeiensis sp. n., A. macularis sp. n., A. melasoma sp. n., A. polita sp. n., A. sparsa sp. n., and A. stenopos sp. n. Also, six species are reported as new to China: Alysia incongrua Nees, 1834, A. lucia Haliday, 1838, A. lucicola Haliday, 1838, A. sirin Belokobylskij, 1998, A. umbrata Stelfox, 1941 and A. vladik Belokobylskij, 1998. A key to the known species of Alysia Latreille from China is provided.
A new remarkable short-tailed whip-scorpion species of Piaroa (Arachnida, Schizomida, Hubbardiidae) from the Colombian Caribbean region
Authors: SEGOVIA-PACCINI ALEJANDRO , AHUMADA-C. DANIELA , MORENO-GONZÁLEZ JAIRO A.
Published: October 2018

Herein, we describe a new schizomid species from the genus Piaroa Villarreal, Giuponni & Tourinho, 2008, Piaroa turbacoensis sp. nov., based on individuals collected in the Botanical Garden “Guillermo Piñeres”, Turbaco, Bolivar, Colombian Caribbean region. Piaroa turbacoensis is the sixth species of the genus to be found in Colombia, and the tenth to be found with regards to the genus as a whole. This species is the first Colombian species to be recorded in a Dry Tropical Forest biome. Piaroa turbacoensis is easily distinguishable by the presence of spermathecae lateral lobes with massive circular stalk bases, and male pedipalp with ventroectal truncate process over the femur and ventroectal depression over the patella. Here, we provide an updated distribution map of the genus and comments about the natural history of the new species.
Pterocryptis subrisa, a new silurid catfish (Teleostei: Siluridae) from northeastern India
Authors: NG HEOK HEE , LALRAMLIANA LALRAMLIANA , LALRONUNGA SAMUEL
Published: October 2018

Pterocryptis subrisa, a new species of silurid catfish from the Kaladan River drainage in northeastern India, is described in this study. It can be distinguished from congeners by the unique combination of the following characters: supralabial fold extending posteriorly beyond vertical through posterior orbital margin; nearly circular eye; head length 17.6–19.6% SL; head depth 10.6–11.9% SL; dorsal-fin height 2.6–4.7% SL; 2 dorsal-fin rays; pectoral-fin length 11.8–14.0% SL; body depth at anus 14.4–16.7% SL; caudal peduncle depth 6.8–8.5% SL; 66–75 anal-fin rays; confluent anal and caudal fins separated by deep notch; 17 principal caudal-fin rays; and 57 vertebrae. The generic status of Pterocryptis taytayensis is discussed, with this species being reassigned to Ompok.
A new species of Opilioacarus With, 1902 (Acari: Opilioacaridae) from Italy, and a new diagnosis of the genus
Authors: DE ARAÚJO MARCEL SANTOS , PALMA ANTONELLA DI , FERES REINALDO JOSÉ FAZZIO
Published: October 2018

No living Opilioacarus species have been described from Europe for more than a century since the first finding and species description in the early twentieth century. Using the material deposited in Museo Civico di Storia Naturale of Verona, Italy, it was possible to identify and describe a new Opilioacarus species and review the genus diagnosis, using the shape of setae d and setation of the preanal segment. The new species is also briefly compared with the other Opilioacarus species; Opilioacarus italicus (With, 1904) is considered a nomen dubium.
The Key Role of Ozone-Depleting Substances in Weakening the Walker Circulation in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Polvani Lorenzo M. , Bellomo Katinka
Published: October 2018

It is widely appreciated that ozone-depleting substances (ODS), which have led to the formation of the Antarctic ozone hole, are also powerful greenhouse gases. In this study, we explore the consequence of the surface warming caused by ODS in the second half of the twentieth century over the Indo-Pacific Ocean, using the Whole Atmosphere Chemistry Climate Model (version 4). By contrasting two ensembles of chemistry–climate model integrations (with and without ODS forcing) over the period 1955–2005, we show that the additional greenhouse effect of ODS is crucial to producing a statistically significant weakening of the Walker circulation in our model over that period. When ODS concentrations are held fixed at 1955 levels, the forcing of the other well-mixed greenhouse gases alone leads to a strengthening—rather than weakening—of the Walker circulation because their warming effect is not sufficiently strong. Without increasing ODS, a surface warming delay in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean leads to an increase in the sea surface temperature gradient between the eastern and western Pacific, with an associated strengthening of the Walker circulation. When increasing ODS are added, the considerably larger total radiative forcing produces a much faster warming in the eastern Pacific, causing the sign of the trend to reverse and the Walker circulation to weaken. Our modeling result suggests that ODS may have been key players in the observed weakening of the Walker circulation over the second half of the twentieth century.
An Evaluation of Paired Regional/Convection-Allowing Forecast Vertical Thermodynamic Profiles in Warm-Season, Thunderstorm-Supporting Environments
Authors: Evans Clark , Weiss Steven J. , Jirak Israel L. , Dean Andrew R. , Nevius David S.
Published: October 2018

This study evaluates forecast vertical thermodynamic profiles and derived thermodynamic parameters from two regional/convection-allowing model pairs, the North American Mesoscale Forecast System and the North American Mesoscale Nest model pair and the Rapid Refresh and High Resolution Rapid Refresh model pair, in warm-season, thunderstorm-supporting environments. Differences in bias and mean absolute error between the regional and convection-allowing models in each of the two pairs, while often statistically significant, are practically small for the variables, parameters, and vertical levels considered, such that the smaller-scale variability resolved by convection-allowing models does not degrade their forecast skill. Model biases shared by the regional and convection-allowing models in each pair are documented, particularly the substantial cool and moist biases in the planetary boundary layer arising from the Mellor–Yamada–Janjić planetary boundary layer parameterization used by the North American Mesoscale model and the Nest version as well as the middle-tropospheric moist bias shared by the Rapid Refresh and High Resolution Rapid Refresh models. Bias and mean absolute errors typically have larger magnitudes in the evening, when buoyancy is a significant contributor to turbulent vertical mixing, than in the morning. Vertical thermodynamic profile biases extend over a deep vertical layer in the western United States given strong sensible heating of the underlying surface. The results suggest that convection-allowing models can fulfill the use cases typically and historically met by regional models in operations at forecast entities such as the Storm Prediction Center, a fruitful finding given the proposed elimination of regional models with the Next-Generation Global Prediction System initiative.
An Evaluation (and Vindication?) of Lewis Terman: What the Father of Gifted Education Can Teach the 21st Century
Authors: Warne Russell T.
Published: October 2018

Lewis Terman is widely seen as the “father of gifted education,” yet his work is controversial. Terman’s “mixed legacy” includes the pioneering work in the creation of intelligence tests, the first large-scale longitudinal study, and the earliest discussions of gifted identification, curriculum, ability grouping, acceleration, and more. However, since the 1950s, Terman has been viewed as a sloppy thinker at best and a racist, sexist, and/or classist at worst. This article explores the most common criticisms of Terman’s legacy: an overemphasis on IQ, support for the meritocracy, and emphasizing genetic explanations for the origin of intelligence differences over environmental ones. Each of these criticisms is justified to some extent by the historical record, and each is relevant today. Frequently overlooked, however, is Terman’s willingness to form a strong opinion based on weak data. The article concludes with a discussion of the important lessons that Terman’s work has for modern educators and psychologists, including his contributions to psychometrics and gifted education, his willingness to modify his opinions in the face of new evidence, and his inventiveness and inclination to experiment. Terman’s legacy is complex, but one that provides insights that can enrich modern researchers and practitioners in these areas.
Polyurethane nanoweb-based textile sensors treated with single-walled carbon nanotubes and silver nanowire
Authors: Lee Eugene , Cho Gilsoo
Published: October 2018

This paper outlines research on polyurethane (PU) nanowebs with enhanced electrical conductivity by applying single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with silver nanowire (AgNW) for use as a textile sensor. The objectives of this study are as follows: (1) to find out how electrical conductivity changed as the amount of SWCNT dispersion increased; (2) to investigate how electrical conductivity improved as the amount of AgNW dispersion increased; (3) to examine the effect of heat post-treatment and ethanol pre-treatment on the conductivity; and (4) to characterize the surface and chemical properties to verify whether the specimens were successfully treated with SWCNTs and AgNW. The PU nanoweb was treated with three different amounts of SWCNT dispersion by using the dip-coating method, and three different amounts of AgNW dispersion was mixed with SWCNT dispersion to increase electrical conductivity. The electrical resistance was analyzed by four-point probe equipment. The surface and chemical properties were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution X-ray diffraction, Raman, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. As a result, the resistance decreased when the amount of SWCNT dispersion increased. However, the resistance increased as the amount of AgNW dispersion increased. After the heat and ethanol treatments, the resistance reduced rapidly so that specimens SA1-H, SA1-E, and SA1-HE had much lower resistance. The results of surface and chemical properties showed that the SWCNT and AgNW formed electrical networks, which might improve electrical properties. Also, it confirmed the presence of the SWCNT and AgNW, which meant that the conductive materials were successfully coated on the PU nanoweb.
Do Regulations Always Work? The Moderate Effects of Reinforcement Sensitivity on Deviant Tourist Behavior Intention
Authors: Li Tao , Chen Yun
Published: October 2018

Deviant tourist behavior is destructive to both the tourist experience and tourism development. Punishment and reward are two regulation approaches that are widely used to reduce deviant tourist behavior. However, few scholars have considered why punishment and reward are occasionally ineffective. Based on reinforcement sensitivity theory, this article explored the effects of punishment and reward on reducing deviant tourist behavior intention. Following the rules of a quasi-experiment design, a scenario-based survey was conducted to test hypotheses. The results showed that both punishment and reward have negative effects on deviant tourist behavior intention. However, groups with high sensitivity and groups with low sensitivity to punishment or reward exhibited significant disparities. In addition, the awareness of the impact of tourism was found to mediate the effects of punishment and reward on reducing deviant tourist behavior intention. This study contributes to a better understanding of this phenomenon for scholars and practitioners.
Curing and swelling kinetics of new magnetorheological elastomer based on natural rubber/waste natural rubber gloves composites
Authors: Hayeemasae Nabil , Ismail Hanafi
Published: October 2018

This article proposes a new type of magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) based on natural rubber (NR) and waste natural rubber gloves (wNRg) blends. The material properties of the MRE samples were investigated with specific focus on the curing and swelling kinetics. Two different series were prepared; the first used carbonyl iron (CI) as the single filler in the MRE, whereas the second hybridized CI with carbon black (CB) to prepare an MRE resistant to solvents. The results show that most properties depend strongly on the nature of both fillers. The higher thermal conductivity of the CI caused a substantial decrease in both the scorch and curing times and the activation energy in the curing process. Based on the diffusion study, a higher volume of fillers in the rubber composites resulted in a greater area of blockage and restricted the penetration of the solvent tested throughout the composites, irrespective of whether CI alone or in combination with CB was used in the composites.
Nostalgia Increases Financial Risk Taking
Authors: Zou Xi , Lee Margaret , Wildschut Tim , Sedikides Constantine
Published: October 2018

We examined, in five studies, the relation between nostalgia and financial risk taking. We hypothesized that nostalgia increases risk taking by fostering perceptions of social support. In Study 1, we established the basic effect of nostalgia and increased risk taking. In Study 2, we used a measurement-of-mediation approach to specify the underlying mechanism. Perceived support from family members, rather than from significant others or friends, mediated the relation between nostalgia and risk taking. In Studies 3 to 4, we further specified the mediating mechanism (i.e., family social support) and established direction of causality by using an experimental-causal-chain approach. Finally, in Study 5, we provided direct experimental evidence of the full mediation model. Taken together, nostalgia galvanizes perceived family support, which propels individuals toward financial risk.
“Migrants Are Splendid Types”
Authors: Krisjanous Jayne , Kadirov Djavlonbek
Published: October 2018

Human migration is often a result of flight from post-conflict socio-economic disintegration, where dysfunctional marketing systems exacerbate the suffering of people. Despite the potential trauma and disruption incurred, a move away to systems perceived to be better are favored. Using a historical research approach, this article focuses on the end of World War II that heralded an unprecedented humanitarian crisis involving millions of displaced persons, marshalled in Displaced Persons’ (DP) Camps. This investigation focuses on the “Beautiful Balts” megamarketing campaign in Australia, the promotion of a handpicked consignment of DPs from the Baltic States of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia to host-to-be communities, in order to satisfy the economy’s growing need for fresh industrial labour input. The authors argue that this campaign was crucial in dismantling the “white only” frame through the use of the hitherto undocumented process of frame demystification. This campaign set the stage for the opening up of Australia to greater numbers of post-WWII DP migrants from different ethnicities and fundamental changes to beliefs and practices that configured Australian marketing systems of the day.
Relations Between Balance, Prototypicality, and Aesthetic Appreciation for Japanese Calligraphy
Authors: Fillinger Martin G. , Hübner Ronald
Published: October 2018

Aesthetic appreciation of pictures partly depends on the perceptual balance of their elements. This relation has also been supported by objective measures predicting balance ratings as well as preference. Gershoni and Hochstein, however, applied these measures to Japanese calligraphies and failed to find such a relation, which questions the generality of these balance concepts. In our first experiment, we, therefore, tried to replicate these results with a slightly different method. In addition, we calculated further balance measures and collected liking ratings. As result, perceptual balance was again uncorrelated with the measures and with liking. In a second experiment, participants assessed the perceptual stability of the calligraphies, which was considered as alternative concept of balance, and their prototypicality. After discounting the effects of prototypicality on liking, there were correlations between liking and stability and between liking and one of the balance measures. However, the correlations were reliable only for atypical calligraphies.
High expression of E-cadherin and Ki-67 associated with functional/dysfunctional phenotypes of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes among Chinese patients with operable breast cancer
Authors: Wang Ruibin , Shi Feng , Zhao Lin , Zhao Yanjie , Wu Guangjiang , Song Qing-Kun
Published: October 2018

Objective

Breast cancer has become the most common cancer in women in China, and the clinicopathological features differ from those in Western patients. This study was performed to investigate the distribution of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)+/PD-1− tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and its association with clinicopathological features among Chinese patients with breast cancer.

Methods

In total, 133 consecutive patients with primary breast cancer were recruited into this cross-sectional study from 2012 to 2013. TILs were measured by cell counts under high-power fields (HPFs). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect PD-1 expression on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the microenvironment.

Results

The median cell counts of the overall TILs, PD-1+ TILs, and PD-1− TILs were 80, 18, and 55/HPF, respectively. The number of PD-1− TILs was significantly lower in older than younger patients (50 vs. 60/HPF). Patients with positive E-cadherin expression had more PD-1− TILs than patients with negative E-cadherin expression (57 vs. 27/HPF). The Ki-67 index was positively correlated with the cell counts of PD-1+ TILs, and the correlation coefficient was 0.29.

Conclusions

PD-1 expression on TILs had different clinicopathological features in Chinese patients with breast cancer. E-Cadherin expression was associated with PD-1− TILs; however, Ki-67 expression was associated with PD-1+ TILs.
Prognostic impact of right bundle branch block in hospitalized patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: a single-center cohort study
Authors: Lai Li , Jiang Rong , Fang Wei , Yan Chao , Tang Yibin , Hua Wei , Fu Michael , Li Xiaoping , Luo Rong
Published: October 2018

Objective

Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) is a primary myocardial disease resulting in symptoms of heart failure. Right bundle branch block (RBBB) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and all-cause mortality. Therefore, the present study was performed to identify the prognostic impact of RBBB in patients with IDCM.

Methods

In total, 165 hospitalized patients with IDCM were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the cutoff point, and Cox regression was used to assess risk factors.

Results

After a median follow-up of 73.1 months (interquartile range, 36.1–88.7 months), 59 (35.8%) patients had died. All-cause mortality was significantly higher in patients with than without RBBB (log-rank χ2 = 9.400), P<0.05. Significant independent predictors of all-cause mortality in patients with IDCM were RBBB (hazard ratio, 2.898; 95% confidence interval, 1.201–6.995) and the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) (hazard ratio, 1.034; 95% confidence interval, 1.004–1.066) at admission. Patients with RBBB and an LVEDD of ≥63 mm had the highest mortality (log-rank χ2 = 14.854), P<0.05.

Conclusion

RBBB was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality, and the combination of RBBB and LVEDD provided more clinically relevant information than RBBB alone for assessing the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with IDCM.
Effects of bone cement filling in rabbit proximal femoral medullary cavity on distal femoral blood flow and metabolism
Authors: Xi Li-Cheng , Li Hong-Yu , Zhang Ming , Huang Si-Cheng
Published: October 2018

Objective

A rabbit model was used to evaluate the effects of bone-cemented hip arthroplasty on distal femoral blood flow and metabolism relative to that of the non-cemented contralateral leg.

Methods

The marrow cavity of the right hind femur was filled with bone cement. At each of the following time points, rabbits were randomly selected to receive an injection of one dose of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate and then immediately scanned using a gamma camera: immediately postoperatively and at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. A BL-410 model biofunction experimental system was used to analyze the acquired images and determine the radioactive counts of each hind leg.

Results

The X-ray and photographic images of the right femoral bones confirmed successful filling of the marrow cavity with bone cement. The radioactive counts were significantly lower in the experimental than control legs at each time point. The ratio of the radioactive count of the experimental to control leg increased considerably at each time point, but each ratio was <1.

Conclusion

Blocking the proximal femoral medullary cavity with bone cement was associated with significant lowering of the blood circulation of the femur and marrow, decreasing the distal femoral blood flow and bone metabolic rate.
The neurotoxicity of nanoparticles: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Su Benyu , Guan Qiangdong , Yu Sufang
Published: October 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the global scientific output of neurotoxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) and explore their hot spots and research trends. Articles about the neurotoxicity of NPs between 2008 and 2017 were taken from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The VOSviewer was used to analyze annual publications, countries/institutions, funding agencies, research objects, major journals, and international cooperation. The reference co-citation map and keywords were used to analyze the mechanisms of neurotoxicity of NPs. Six hundred and forty-one eligible studies were included for analysis, and the annual publications increased with time in the past decade. Based on the bibliometric analysis, China and the United States were the main countries in this field. Metals and metal oxides were the main types of NPs. Cell, rat, and mouse were the primary research objects of NPs. The main research hot spots might focus on the pathogenesis of NPs, such as oxidative stress and apoptosis. This study will help researchers understand the research status, hot spots, and trends of neurotoxicity of NPs.
Variegated Privatisation: Class, Capital Accumulation and State in Turkey’s Privatisation Process in the 1980s and 1990s
Authors: Zaifer Ahmet
Published: October 2018

This article seeks to illustrate a problematic aspect of dominant-contemporary Marxian literature on privatisation: an overgeneralised explanation that shifting structural imperatives of contemporary capitalism, global powers and international financial institutions externally imposed privatisation downwards on all national-domestic political spaces. I suggest an alternative approach that emphasises the complex interplay of three internal factors – class agency, capital accumulation strategies, and state institutions – in mediating and shaping external pressures towards privatisation. Through a study of the Turkish privatisation process in the 1980s and 1990s, I illustrate that even though privatisation was thrust on Turkey by the structural dynamics, the World Bank, the IMF and global capital, its implementation has been contested inside and outside of the state apparatus by the Turkish power bloc (i.e. fractions of capital) within the constitutive context of the prevailing strategies of the domestic capital accumulation regime of Turkey at the time.
Preparation of Ni coating on NdFeB by magnetic jet electrodeposition
Authors: Jiang Wei , Shen Lida , Qiu Mingbo , Fan Mingzhi , Wang Xin , Tian Zongjun
Published: October 2018

In order to lengthen the lifespan of NdFeB materials, nickel coating was manufactured by magnetic jet electrodeposition. The surface morphology, coating adhesion, and corrosion resistance of the coating were characterized and analyzed, respectively, by scanning electron microscope, scratch tester, and electrochemical workstation. The experimental results show that the surface of nickel coating which was fabricated by magnetic jet electrodeposition had no nodularity, and as a result, the surface morphology improved; furthermore, the corrosion resistance and coating adhesion of the coating improved in the effect of magnetic field intensity. When the value of the current density was 60 A/dm2 and the intensity of magnetic field was 100 mT, the coating adhesion could reach the standard in 33.4 N, which was doubled compared to the coating without magnetic field. Corrosion of the coating morphology is no longer the regional corrosion. Magnetic field is beneficial to improve the quality of coating surface morphology and reduce the corrosion current density of the coating.
Modeling and computer simulation of a novel hybrid transmission
Authors: Wu Guan-Huei , Yan Hong-Sen
Published: October 2018

This work presents the modeling and computer simulation of a novel hybrid transmission with a mechanical reverse driving mode, including an engine, a motor, a simple planetary gear train, and a Ravigneaux planetary gear train. Based on the given teeth number, the reduction ratios of all the clutching condition are acquired. The feasibilities of mode shifts among the clutching conditions are analyzed. Then, a modified rule-based control strategy is introduced. Subject to the vehicle condition, speed command, and predicted equivalent fuel consumptions, the most fuel economy clutching condition is selected by the control strategy. And, a computer model is developed using SIMULINK. Two popular driving cycles are applied to the simulation model, and the simulation results of the novel hybrid transmission are competitive with the existing hybrid electric vehicle models.
Endoworm: A new semi-autonomous enteroscopy device
Authors: Sánchez-Diaz Carlos , Senent-Cardona Esther , Pons-Beltran Vicente , Santonja-Gimeno Alberto , Vidaurre Ana
Published: October 2018

Using enteroscopes with therapeutic capacity to explore the small intestine entails certain limitations, including long exploration times, patient discomfort, the need for sedation, a high percentage of incomplete explorations and a long learning curve. This article describes the advances and setbacks encountered in designing the new Endoworm enteroscopy system, a semi-autonomous device consisting of a control unit and three cavities that inflate and deflate in such a way that the bowel retracts over the endoscope. The system can be adapted to any commercial enteroscope. Endoworm was tested in different intestine models: a polymethyl methacrylate rigid tube, an in vitro polyester urethane model, an ex vivo pig model and an in vivo animal model. The general behavior of the prototype was evaluated by experienced medical personnel. The mean distance covered through the lumen was measured in each cycle. The system was found to have excellent performance in the rigid tube and in the in vitro model. The ex vivo tests showed that the behavior depended largely on the mechanical properties of the lumen, while the in vivo experiments suggest that the device will require further modifications to improve its performance.
Political Violence as a Time That is Past? Engaging With Non-Participation in Transitional Justice in Cambodia
Authors: Bernath Julie
Published: October 2018

Transitional justice scholarship has increasingly focused on participation to critically reflect upon the legitimacy and transformative potential of transitional justice. This article addresses these issues yet through a different vantage point: that of non-participation. It focuses on the case study of the Khmer Rouge Tribunal and a particular set of actors: those who continue to face political violence in Cambodia today. Thereby, it engages with the perspectives of those often overlooked in transitional justice for having opted out of the process, but also for putting forward justice claims that exceed the mandate of established transitional justice institutions. This article draws from qualitative fieldwork conducted in Cambodia between 2013 and 2016. It demonstrates the epistemic value of engaging with non-participation in transitional justice. It argues that non-participation in judicial transitional justice processes is inherently linked to the ways in which ordinary citizens experience and understand the law in their everyday life. It further highlights continuities in subjective experiences of political violence, which question discourses that political violence is a time that is past in Cambodia.
Neonatal nurse practitioner ethics knowledge and attitudes
Authors: Famuyide Mobolaji , Compretta Caroline , Ellis Melanie
Published: October 2018

Background:

Neonatal nurse practitioners have become the frontline staff exposed to a myriad of ethical issues that arise in the day-to-day environment of the neonatal intensive care unit. However, ethics competency at the time of graduation and after years of practice has not been described.

Research aim:

To examine the ethics knowledge base of neonatal nurse practitioners as this knowledge relates to decision making in the neonatal intensive care unit and to determine whether this knowledge is reflected in attitudes toward ethical dilemmas in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Research design:

This was a prospective cohort study that examined decision making at the threshold of viability, life-sustaining therapies for sick neonates, and a ranking of the five most impactful ethical issues.

Participants and research context:

All 47 neonatal nurse practitioners who had an active license in the State of Mississippi were contacted via e-mail. Surveys were completed online using Survey Monkey software.

Ethical considerations:

The study was approved by the University of Mississippi Medical Center Institutional Review Board (IRB; #2015-0189).

Findings:

Of the neonatal nurse practitioners who completed the survey, 87.5% stated that their religious practices affected their ethical decision making and 76% felt that decisions regarding life-sustaining treatment for a neonate should not involve consultation with the hospital’s legal team or risk management. Only 11% indicated that the consent process involved patient understanding of possible procedures. Participating in the continuation or escalation of care for infants at the threshold of viability was the top ethical issue encountered by neonatal nurse practitioners.

Discussion:

Our findings reflect deficiencies in the neonatal nurse practitioner knowledge base concerning ethical decision making, informed consent/permission, and the continuation/escalation of care.

Conclusion:

In addition to continuing education highlighting ethics concepts, exploring the influence of religion in making decisions and knowing the most prominent dilemmas faced by neonatal nurse practitioners in the neonatal intensive care unit may lead to insights into potential solutions.
Comparing the Experience of and Factors Perpetuating Chronic Insomnia Severity Among Young, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults
Authors: Sidani Souraya , Ibrahim Sarah , Lok Jana , O’Rourke Hannah , Collins Laura , Fox Mary
Published: October 2018

The prevalence of chronic insomnia is on the rise among young, middle-aged, and older adults. This secondary data analysis examined age-group differences in the experience of and factors perpetuating insomnia severity. Pretest data, obtained from a trial of behavioral interventions, were collected from 742 participants, using psychometrically sound measures of perpetuating factors (sleep habits, unhelpful beliefs, presleep arousal), insomnia experience (symptoms, perceived severity), and consequences or impact on daytime functioning. The age groups reported different insomnia symptoms (difficulty maintaining sleep in older adults) and impact on daytime functioning (poorer in older adults), but the same level of perceived insomnia severity. Unhelpful beliefs about sleep predicted insomnia severity in all age groups, and presleep arousal contributed to insomnia in young adults. The results highlight the importance of adequately managing chronic insomnia to minimize its impact on daytime functioning in all age groups, and of tailoring therapy to their experiences.
The Harasser’s Toolbox: Investigating the Role of Mobility in Street Harassment
Authors: Hutson Ashley Colleen Feely , Krueger Julie Christine
Published: October 2018

This study investigates the role of physical mobility in street harassment by analyzing a stratified random sample of 334 cases posted to Hollaback!, an online community documenting experiences of street harassment. Findings suggest that harassers utilize means of transportation as weapons to inflict or threaten physical harm, to escape or preserve anonymity, and to pursue targets and as a hunting ground for potential targets. By identifying the mechanisms of street harassment, we theorize how harassers negotiate mobility—particular types of mobility, especially that which is enabled by public transportation and owner vehicles—to gain advantage over targets of harassment.