bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE REVISITED: ITS INTERPRETATIONS AND THEIR CONSERVATION CONSEQUENCES
Authors: TISDELL CLEM
Published: July 2010

The precautionary principle was included in 1992 in the Rio Declaration and is part of important international agreements such as the Convention on Biological Diversity. Yet, it is not a straight-forward guide for environmental policy because many interpretations are possible as shown in this paper. Its different economic versions can result in conflicting policy recommendations about resource conservation. The principle does not always favor (natural) resource conservation (e.g., biodiversity conservation) although it has been adopted politically on the assumption it does. The principle's consequences are explored for biodiversity conservation when the introduction of new genotypes is possible.
BONE-CEMENT INTERFACE STRENGTH IN DISTAL RADII USING TWO MEDULLARY CANAL PREPARATION TECHNIQUES: CARBON DIOXIDE JET CLEANING VERSUS SYRINGED SALINE
Authors: Ravenscroft M. J. , Charalambous C. P. , Mills S. P. , Woodruff M. J. , Stanley J. K.
Published: July 2010

Purpose: Loosening is an important cause of failure of upper limb arthroplasty and improvement in cementation techniques may limit this. The currently accepted medullary canal preparation techniques use saline washing and gauze drying. Another method of bone preparation uses carbon dioxide compression gas jet which blows debris from the canal, whilst simultaneously drying the bone. We compared the push out strengths of cement plugs in sections of human cadaveric radii that had been prepared using either syringed saline or carbon dioxide jet cleaning.

Methods: Following bone preparation, four radii in each group, were cemented in a standardised fashion, and cut into 1 cm sections. An Instron materials testing machine was used to measure the force needed to push the cement plug out of the bone section.

Results: The force needed to push out the cement plug was significantly higher in the carbon dioxide jet (median 580.61, IQR 429.10–650.05) as compared to the saline group (median 366.57N, IQR 271.05–502.23), P = 0.009. The mechanism of failure of the bone-cement interface also differed between the two groups, with 100% of the sectioned cortices fracturing prior to cement extrusion in the carbon dioxide jet group, but only 23% of the sectioned cortices doing so in the saline group.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that there is a statistically stronger macro-interlock at the bone-cement interface after preparation of the medullary canals of radii using a carbon dioxide compression gas jet as compared to saline irrigation.
SIMULTANEOUS FRACTURES OF THE SCAPHOID, PROXIMAL AND DISTAL END OF THE RADIUS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Nagura Issei , Fujioka Hiroyuki , Nabeshima Yuji
Published: July 2010

We report a case of injury, simultaneous fractures of scaphoid, distal radius and radial head. It was treated by fixation operatively, and then early active range of motion exercise was started.
Fiber-Coupled Surface Plasmon Polariton Excitation in Imprinted Dielectric-Loaded Waveguides
Authors: Seidel Andreas , Gosciniak Jacek , Gonzalez Maria U. , Renger Jan , Reinhardt Carsten , Kiyan Roman , Quidant Romain , Bozhevolnyi Sergey I. , Chichkov Boris N.
Published: July 2010

We present fiber-coupled dielectric-loaded plasmonic waveguides for 1.55 μm telecom wavelength fabricated by two-photon polymerization and nanoimprint lithography. The waveguide structures include 100-μm-long plasmonic waveguides connected on both ends to tapered dielectric waveguides used for end-fire coupling with optical fibers. The excitation of plasmonic waveguides is verified via polarization-resolved measurements of the overall transmission, demonstrating thereby that this technology is suitable in principle for the integration of plasmonic components into fiberoptics. Loss mechanisms are investigated and improvements suggested to reduce transmission losses and consequently increase the viability of practical application.
Occupational Trichloroethylene Exposure and Renal Carcinoma Risk: Evidence of Genetic Susceptibility by Reductive Metabolism Gene Variants
Authors: Moore Lee E. , Boffetta Paolo , Karami Sara , Brennan Paul , Stewart Patricia S. , Hung Rayjean , Zaridze David , Matveev Vsevolod , Janout Vladimir , Kollarova Helena , Bencko Vladimir , Navratilova Marie , Szeszenia-Dabrowska Neonila , Mates Dana , Gromiec Jan , Holcatova Ivana , Merino Maria , Chanock Stephen , Chow Wong-Ho , Rothman Nathaniel
Published: July 2010

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a suspected renal carcinogen. TCE-associated renal genotoxicity occurs predominantly through glutathione S-transferase (GST) conjugation and bioactivation by renal cysteine β-lyase (CCBL1). We conducted a case-control study in Central Europe (1,097 cases and 1,476 controls) specifically designed to assess risk associated with occupational exposure to TCE through analysis of detailed job histories. All jobs were coded for organic/chlorinated solvent and TCE exposure (ever/never) as well as the frequency and intensity of exposure based on detailed occupational questionnaires, specialized questionnaires, and expert assessments. Increased risk was observed among subjects ever TCE exposed [odds ratio (OR) = 1.63; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.04–2.54]. Exposure-response trends were observed among subjects above and below the median exposure [average intensity (OR = 1.38; 95% CI, 0.81–2.35; OR = 2.34; 95% CI, 1.05–5.21; Ptrend = 0.02)]. A significant association was found among TCE-exposed subjects with at least one intact GSTT1 allele (active genotype; OR = 1.88; 95% CI, 1.06–3.33) but not among subjects with two deleted alleles (null genotype; OR = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.35–2.44; Pinteraction = 0.18). Similar associations for all exposure metrics including average intensity were observed among GSTT1-active subjects (OR = 1.56; 95% CI, 0.79–3.10; OR = 2.77; 95% CI, 1.01–7.58; Ptrend = 0.02) but not among GSTT1 nulls (OR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.24-2.72; OR = 1.16; 95% CI, 0.27–5.04; Ptrend = 1.00; Pinteraction = 0.34). Further evidence of heterogeneity was seen among TCE-exposed subjects with ≥1 minor allele of several CCBL1-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms: rs2293968, rs2280841, rs2259043, and rs941960. These findings provide the strongest evidence to date that TCE exposure is associated with increased renal cancer risk, particularly among individuals carrying polymorphisms in genes that are important in the reductive metabolism of this chemical, and provides biological plausibility of the association in humans. Cancer Res; 70(16); 6527–36. ©2010 AACR.
UK Fiscal Prospects
Authors: Barrell Ray , Kirby Simon
Published: July 2010

The UK is restructuring the fiscal policy framework once again, with an intention to move toward independent assessment and forecasting in the budget process. At the same time a large-scale, if delayed, fiscal consolidation is planned at a time when there is significant spare capacity in the economy. Economic growth is also projected to be below trend, at least this year and perhaps next. It is unusual to see a fiscal tightening when the output gap appears to be widening. These policy settings should be seen in the context of the most radical change in the nature of the relationship between the government and the economy for at least thirty years. This note assesses the impact of the new programme on the economy as well as setting out a projection for the medium-term public finances.
Effect of Additive Components on Thermal Stability of Fiber Finishes
Authors: Mousavi Paria , Hauser Peter J. , Dianxia Wang  , Grant Christine S. , Oxenham William
Published: July 2010

In an effort to investigate the thermal degradation of fiber finishes on fiber manufacturing equipment, different additive components (i.e., lubricants, emulsifiers, antistatic agents and antioxidants) of textile fiber finishes were thermally stressed at high temperature (i.e., 220 °C). Oxidative-degradation behavior of common components of formulated finishes has been evaluated independently and in mixtures with other components (formulated finish). Using chemical and physical analyses, the changes in the molecular weights and products of degradation were investigated. Thermal degradation of formulated finishes prepared in this research was compared with two ready-to-use formulated finishes from industry. Results of this work provide valuable insights that improve the thermal stability of textile fiber finishes.
Recommended Guidelines for the Conduct and Evaluation of Prognostic Studies in Veterinary Oncology
Authors: Webster J. D. , Dennis M. M. , Dervisis N. , Heller J. , Bacon N. J. , Bergman P. J. , Bienzle D. , Cassali G. , Castagnaro M. , Cullen J. , Esplin D. G. , Peña L. , Goldschmidt M. H. , Hahn K. A. , Henry C. J. , Hellmén E. , Kamstock D. , Kirpensteijn J. , Kitchell B. E. , Amorim R. L. , Lenz S. D. , Lipscomb T. P. , McEntee M. , McGill L. D. , McKnight C. A. , McManus P. M. , Moore A. S. , Moore P. F. , Moroff S. D. , Nakayama H. , Northrup N. C. , Sarli G. , Scase T. , Sorenmo K. , Schulman F. Y. , Shoieb A. M. , Smedley R. C. , Spangler W. L. , Teske E. , Thamm D. H. , Valli V. E. , Vernau W. , Euler H. von , Withrow S. J. , Weisbrode S. E. , Yager J. , Kiupel M.
Published: July 2010

There is an increasing need for more accurate prognostic and predictive markers in veterinary oncology because of an increasing number of treatment options, the increased financial costs associated with treatment, and the emotional stress experienced by owners in association with the disease and its treatment. Numerous studies have evaluated potential prognostic and predictive markers for veterinary neoplastic diseases, but there are no established guidelines or standards for the conduct and reporting of prognostic studies in veterinary medicine. This lack of standardization has made the evaluation and comparison of studies difficult. Most important, translating these results to clinical applications is problematic. To address this issue, the American College of Veterinary Pathologists' Oncology Committee organized an initiative to establish guidelines for the conduct and reporting of prognostic studies in veterinary oncology. The goal of this initiative is to increase the quality and standardization of veterinary prognostic studies to facilitate independent evaluation, validation, comparison, and implementation of study results. This article represents a consensus statement on the conduct and reporting of prognostic studies in veterinary oncology from veterinary pathologists and oncologists from around the world. These guidelines should be considered a recommendation based on the current state of knowledge in the field, and they will need to be continually reevaluated and revised as the field of veterinary oncology continues to progress. As mentioned, these guidelines were developed through an initiative of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists' Oncology Committee, and they have been reviewed and endorsed by the World Small Animal Veterinary Association.
Toward a New Political Economy for the U.S
Authors: Baiman Ron
Published: July 2010

The U.S. economy faces a fundamental structural and institutional crisis that requires major changes in economic policy and far reaching programs including: a) a federally funded permanent living wage jobs program mostly funded through transactions taxes on finance; b) emergency measures to cap and gradually reduce the U.S. trade deficit; c) a transparent and coherent “industrial policy” to increase high value added, competitive manufacturing exports. The goal should be to support “non-predatory” trade and industrial policies that move the U.S. and world economies toward sustainable and balanced trade and development.

JEL classification: E00; L00; H00; F00; P00
Brazil in the Crisis of the Finance-Led Regime of Accumulation
Authors: Paulani Leda Maria
Published: July 2010

Capitalism has undergone drastic transformations over the last thirty years. Among critics, theses about the financial nature of the process of accumulation have been prominent. One of these is the theory by French economist François Chesnais (1998, 2005) whose main proposition is that, as of the late 1970s, capitalism would be reproducing itself by means of an accumulation regime in which financial valorization prevails. In this article, I attempt to show that the current crisis is a crisis of this regime of accumulation, and to reflect upon the situation and prospects for Brazil in this context.

JEL classification: B51; G01; E01
Remembering Florence Nightingale’s Panorama
Authors: Beck Deva-Marie
Published: July 2010

Florence Nightingale lived and worked in response to her times—yet also ahead of her time. She insisted on pursuing a career even though her wealthy family could have provided her with a lifetime of leisure. Because she was a woman, this choice to work outside her home was all the more unusual. Nightingale was also a vanguard woman because she chose nursing, a role that was considered the work of desperate, impoverished women who lived on the street like prostitutes. In addition to these unusual choices, Nightingale’s career was unique beyond anyone in her time. She was one of the most prolific authors of the 19th century. In addition to being an early role model for nursing, Nightingale was also a leader in several other fields emerging in her time, including social work, statistical analysis, and print journalism. As a global thinker, Nightingale would have loved 21st century. She noted cultural, social, and economic concerns, particularly in relation to health and to the discipline of nursing. She urged nurses to progress in their practice and to think outside their official domains. She responded to the culture of the 19th century by envisioning what could be changed. Working with her talents and available resources, she evolved the health care culture of the 20th century and beyond. She called all of this work “Health-Nursing.” As we remember and further study the extraordinary panorama that is our Nightingale legacy, we are creating and shaping our relevant, emerging 21st century nursing practice.
Developing Evidence for How to Tailor Medical Interventions for the Individual Patient
Authors: Griffiths Frances , Borkan Jeffrey , Byrne David , Crabtree Benjamin F. , Dowrick Chris , Gunn Jane , Kokanovic Renata , Lamb Sarah , Lindenmeyer Antje , Parchman Michael , Reis Shmuel , Sturt Jackie
Published: July 2010

We aim to answer the question: How can we develop an evidence base that will assist tailoring health interventions to individual patients? Using social theory and interview data from people living with chronic illness, we developed a new approach to analysis. Individuals were considered as emergent complex systems, adjusting and adapting within their environment and sometimes transforming. The notion of illness trajectory brought our attention to data in the interviews about the “emergent present,” the current period of time when all domains of life, from across time, have expression. We summarized patterns of adjustment and adaptation within the emergent present for people living with chronic back pain, depression, and diabetes. We considered the potential of this analysis approach to inform medical decision making. Our analysis approach is the first step in developing a categorization of individuals that might be useful in tailoring health care interventions to the individual.
Vicarious Posttraumatic Growth Among Interpreters
Authors: Splevins Katie A. , Cohen Keren , Joseph Stephen , Murray Craig , Bowley Jake
Published: July 2010

An emerging evidence base indicates that posttraumatic growth might be experienced vicariously by those working alongside trauma survivors. In this study we explored the vicarious experiences of eight interpreters working in a therapeutic setting with asylum seekers and refugees. We adopted a qualitative approach, using semistructured interviews and interpretative phenomenological analysis. Four interrelated themes emerged from the findings: feeling what your client feels, beyond belief, finding your own way to deal with it, and a different person. Although all participants experienced distress, they also perceived themselves to have grown in some way. The implications for a theory of vicarious posttraumatic growth are discussed, along with clinical applications.
“With Edges of Rage and Despair”: Anger and the Poetry of Office Life
Authors: Fraiberg Allison M.
Published: July 2010

In the past two decades, management studies have made significant use of poetry both in research projects and teaching contexts. During the same time, numerous collections of poetry have appeared focusing on business life with contributions in particular by office workers. This article addresses the relationship between management research on poetry and the actual poetry in these ever more frequently appearing collections. Most work in management studies focuses on the form of poetry, rather than the content. By applying the concepts of “evoked knowledge” and “shared texts” from Antonio Strati’s organizational aesthetics, the content themes are made visible. Persistent in these collections is the appearance of the related feelings of anger, rage, and despair. An interpretive exploration of relevant poems illustrates how this kind of analysis can contribute to a broader understanding of workplace-anger issues, one that fully and deeply incorporates the inner lives of workers.
A Gap Year for Institutional Theory: Integrating the Study of Institutional Work and Participatory Action Research
Authors: Dover Graham , Lawrence Thomas B.
Published: July 2010

Institutional theory has energized a large and vibrant academic community, but it is largely unknown to managers and inconsequential with respect to the management of organizations. This is despite what the authors believe is an immense potential practical contribution. In this article, the authors suggest that institutional theory needs a gap year—a period in which core frameworks and insights from an institutional perspective are brought into contact with complex social problems. The authors focus on the study of institutional work and argue that an extended encounter with the world of participatory action research could lead to new answers to key questions and energize the development of institutional theory as both an academic and a practical project.
Spirituality in the Workplace: Theory and Measurement
Authors: Liu Caroline H. , Robertson Peter J.
Published: July 2010

To integrate existing literature on spirituality in different disciplines and move it forward, the authors propose a new theoretical conceptualization of spirituality, based on which they develop a new scale of spirituality. Using structural equation modeling, the authors conduct confirmatory factor analysis on survey data collected from 2,230 individuals to test and cross-validate the spirituality scale. The authors find the construct of spirituality is best captured by three correlated, yet distinct, factors: interconnection with a higher power, interconnection with human beings, and interconnection with nature and all living things. Results show that the spirituality scale demonstrates content validity, face validity, discriminant validity, convergent validity, and structural reliability. In addition, the authors theoretically argue and empirically validate that the notion of spirituality incorporates and transcends religiousness.
The Effect of Local Option Sales Taxes on Local Sales
Authors: Cornia Gary C. , Grimshaw Scott , Nelson Ray , Walters Lawrence
Published: July 2010

Because retail sales taxes generate substantial revenue for many local governments, public officials contemplating differential local option tax rates must carefully assess the potential impacts of such decisions on purchasing decisions. The authors use a unique pooled time series to examine these impacts and apply a methodology that permits an analysis of the effects on purchasing decisions of sales tax rate differences across numerous consumer goods. The results indicate that the response to sales tax rate differences depends on the general characteristics of the goods being purchased. A unique variable that controls for the distance to the next significant alternative for making a purchase also provides key insights. The observed significance for this variable and its interaction with tax rates has significant public policy implications.
Consensus-seeking, distrust and rhetorical entrapment: The WTO decision on access to medicines
Authors: Morin Jean-Frédéric , Gold E. Richard
Published: July 2010

While the WTO secretariat, key delegations, several NGOs, and industry publicly present the 30 August 2003 WTO Decision as an attempt to reconcile intellectual property with access to medicines, our research shows otherwise. We draw on qualitative analyses of 54 interviews and a lexicometric analysis of press releases to show that their enthusiastic public statements contrast deeply with their internal, cynical beliefs. Most of these actors not only consider the WTO Decision to be fundamentally flawed but claim to have known this prior to its adoption. We argue that a procedural norm of consensus-seeking impeded traditional bargaining over this sensitive issue and that distrust among participants hindered truth-seeking deliberation. Caught between strategic and communicative actions, state and non-state actors found themselves trapped in their own rhetoric of reconciling intellectual property with access to medicines. They realized that the appearance of a solution, rather than a functional solution, provided the only realistic outcome to a fruitless and publicly damaging continuation of debate. From a theoretical perspective, this case study sheds a new light on the gray zone between rational choice theory and constructivism, where both discourse and strategies matter. From an empirical perspective, it illustrates the risk of seeking consensus within international regimes when the procedural norm of consensus coexists with a high level of distrust.
Understanding the Adjustment of Incarcerated Young Offenders: A Canadian Example
Authors: Cesaroni Carla , Peterson-Badali Michele
Published: July 2010

This article describes a short-term longitudinal study of the adjustment to custody of Canadian youth. It explores whether pre-existing and institutional vulnerabilities are independent predictors of custodial adjustment. Findings suggest that youth with many pre-existing vulnerabilities and high prison stress at entry into custody are more likely to experience initial adjustment difficulties. As youth spend more time in custody, their levels of pre-existing vulnerabilities remain important but perceived level of support and level of fear also emerge as important predictors of adjustment. Implications of the findings for research and practice are discussed.
‘It’s this whole picture, this well-being’: patients’ understanding of ‘feeling well’ with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Sanderson T. , Morris M. , Calnan M. , Richards P. , Hewlett S.
Published: July 2010

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the meaning of ‘feeling well’ for people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 23 RA patients, purposively sampled for medication type, disease duration, disease activity, age and gender. Data were analysed using Framework, emphasizing participants’ personal contexts.

Results: Well-being was viewed as a broad concept, with ‘feeling well’ being the result of an on-going process to actively engage with a changing body, self and life. Four dimensions emerged: ‘Living in the body’, ‘Being in the mind’, ‘Adapting to illness’ and ‘Being in the world’. The physical impact of RA underpinned the global perception of well-being and was clearly described as linking to the experience of psychological well-being. Physical and psychological wellness was often affected by the individual’s adaptation to RA and personal context (e.g. home environment, broader social attitudes).

Discussion: Well-being is a multidimensional concept that is meaningful to RA patients regardless of medication type and disease severity. Patients commonly illustrated a process of actively engaging in cognitive and behavioural adjustments to move towards wellness. Clinical practice and research must take account of the complexity of well-being in long-term conditions, in order to fulfil patients’ expectations.
Soil Moisture and Water Utilization in Iowa1
Authors: Shaw R. H. , Runkles J. R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Average water loss per day by runoff, percolation and evapo‐transpiration was 0.04 to 0.05 in winter and 0.18 to 0.20 in. in summer from soil samples taken in Iowa between February 1954 and November 1955. There was little change in soil moisture content in winter; small gains in spring were greater in corn than meadow. Decrease in summer was greater under corn than meadow, amounting to 3 to 4 in. Normal rainfall increased soil moisture content 2 to 3 inches in late summer and fall.
Sterility in Pangolagrass (Digitaria decumbens Stent)1
Authors: Sheth Anilkumar A. , Yu Lillian , Edwardson John
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Pangolagrass is highly male‐sterile because lagging chromosomes produce unbalanced nuclei in the pollen. The grass is female‐sterile because meiosis fails to progress past the leptotene stage. Only one plant produced by a Pangolagrass seed has been observed, clonal material from this plant contains 27 somatic chromosomes.
Effect of the Pollen Parent on Oil Content of the Corn Kernel1
Authors: Curtis J. J. , Brunson A. M. , Hubbard J. E. , Earle F. R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The oil content of the corn kernel is significantly influenced by both the seed parent and the pollen parent. Reciprocal crosses indicate a pronounced matroclinous tendency. The influence of the seed parent on composition of the endosperm is no more evident than in the germ in spite of its origin through triple fusion. Corn grown for studies of oil content should be produced by controlled pollination because of the considerable influence of the pollen parent.
Some Effects of Light Intensity, Temperature, and Soil Moisture on the Growth of Alfalfa, Red Clover and Birdsfoot Trefoil Seedlings1
Authors: Gist George R. , Mott G. O.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The growth response from increased light on alfalfa, red clover and birdsfoot trefoil seedlings in growth chambers was curvilinear for tops and linear for roots. Root growth was affected more than top growth by reduced light intensity. Increasing temperatures from 60° to 90° F. reduced seedling growth. Decreasing soil moisture reduced seedling growth correspondingly. Red clover was affected less by reduced light than alfalfa and birdsfoot trefoil. There was less growth of birdsfoot trefoil than the other two species.
Heaving in Forage Stands and in Bare Ground1
Authors: Decker A. M. , Ronningen T. S.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The amount of heaving during the winter and early spring was related to soil temperature changes as well as the uniformity and density of plant cover. Heaving damage to Ladino clover closely paralleled the upward movement of wooden dowels placed in the plot area. Other established forage species tested were not affected by this frost action.
Light, Soil Temperature, Soil Moisture and Alfalfa‐Red Clover Distribution Between Corn Rows of Various Spacings and Row Directions1
Authors: Larson W. E. , Willis W. O.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Alfalfa‐red clover stands and growth frequently were poorer in a band at the south side of 80‐inch spaced east‐west planted corn rows than in the remainder of the interspace between the rows. Stands between north‐south corn rows were usually more uniform. The band of poor stand on the south side of east‐west rows coincided with a band of soil receiving near full sunlight throughout the day. This resulted in higher soil temperature and frequently lower soil moisture.
Fertility in Relation to Chromosome Constitution and Behavior in Bromus inermis Leyss1
Authors: Schertz K. F. , Murphy R. P.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In 60 clones of smooth bromegrass, 1.2 to 75.4% of the florets were fertile. Among 25 of these clones chromosome number deviated from 54 to 58. Clones with more regular somatic chromosome constitutions were more fertile than aneuploids and clones with fragment chromosomes. Percentage fertile florets was negatively correlated with irregularities at meiosis. Euploids and clones without fragment chromosomes were more regular at meiosis than were aneuploids and clones with fragments.
Sodium as a Partial Replacement of Potassium for Alfalfa1
Authors: Brown B. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In a 4‐year experiment, NaCl at either 120 or 240 pounds per acre annually did not improve the stands or increase the yields of alfalfa receiving very low to very high rates of KCl. The concentrations of Na in the above‐ground part of the alfalfa never exceeded 4 m.e. per 100 grams of dry matter.
Evaluation of Combining Ability in Dactylis Glomerata L. IV. Randomness of Pollination in Topcross and Polycross Nurseries1
Authors: Wassom C. E. , Kalton R. R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Of 21 F tests (variance ratios), only 1 was statistically significant, indicating randomness of pollination. For panicle number, 6 out of 9 variance ratios were significant.
Residue Particle Size as a Factor in Nitrate Release from Legume Tops and Roots1
Authors: Stickler F. C. , Frederick L. R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Nitrate immobilization was generally less and nitrate release from leguminous residues was greater with large particles than with finely ground material. Variation in nitrate release was found due to species and plant part. Important treatment differences occurred early in decomposition.
Breeding for Resistance to the Wheat Stem Sawfly1
Authors: McNeal F. H. , Berg M. A. , Hanson W. D. , Luginbill P.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Stem solidness readings of F2 plants contribute slightly more information than do actual cutting percentages to the determination of sawfly cutting in the F3 generation. However, average genetic gains expected in the F3 progenies by selecting for stem solidness or percentage sawfly cutting in the F2 generation were negligible and erratic. The results suggest that selection for sawfly resistance in the F2 generation is of little value in breeding resistant varieties.
A Method for Determining Areas for Corn Varietal Recommendations1
Authors: McCain F. S. , Schultz E. F.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

For purposes of corn varietal recommendations, Alabama has been arbitrarily divided into three regions. Susceptibility of varieties to damage from rice weevil was the primary basis for regional boundaries. An analysis of yield data by the method described herein indicates that minor shifts in test locations would result in two separate homogeneous regions. A third region, heterogeneous with respect to yield of varieties at different locations, should probably be divided into subregions.
Reaction of Medicago Species to Eight Alfalfa Pathogens1
Authors: Renfro B. L. , Sprague E. W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The reactions of Medicago species to several alfalfa pathogens are reported. M. suffruticosa and M. dzawkhetica appeared to be the most promising species as sources of resistance to the black stem complex of fungi. Other perennial species contained plants resistant to one or more fungi. The host range within the genus Medicago was extended for 8 pathogens of alfalfa.
A Mathematical Procedure for Evaluating Relationships Between Climate and Wheat Yields1
Authors: Johnson Wendell C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

To estimate a frequency distribution of winter wheat yields from climatic data a yield‐estimating equation is desired satisfying the condition that the mean and variance of the estimated yields be the same as those of the actual yields used to derive the equation. Partial regression coefficients of this equation are obtained by dividing the corresponding coefficients of a multiple regression equation by the coefficient of multiple correlation, R.
Yield Components in Oats. III. Their Contribution to the Variety ✕ Location Interaction for Grain Yield1
Authors: Frey K. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In five out of cases the variety ✕ location interaction variance was smaller for yield components than for grain yield of oats. This seemed to result from the multiplicative method of interaction of the components.
Effect of Gibberellic Acid on Growth and Yield of Corn1
Authors: Cherry Joe , Lund H. A. , Earley E. B.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Gibberellic acid promoted the elongation of internodes but decreased the leaf area. Stover weight and grain yield were increased when gibberellic acid was applied near pollination. Early treatments at weekly intervals decreased grain yield. The yield of Hy2 ✕ O7 was affected more than that of Wf9 ✕ Ml4.
Genetic Diversity — A Protection Against Plant Diseases and Insects1
Authors: Suneson Coit A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Breeding methods that give multigenic resistance in multiline varieties, and thus provide for race diversity, dispersal, and dilution of the pests, are proposed.
Cold Resistance in Three Varieties of Winter Wheat as Related to Nitrogen Fractions and Total Sugar1
Authors: Zech A. C. , Pauli A. W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Water‐soluble protein nitrogen and total sugars in leaves and crowns were associated with cold resistance in winter wheat. The degree of association varied between plant parts and among varieties. Soluble protein nitrogen seemed to be more closely related to cold hardiness than did total sugar.
Soybean Ecology. II. Development‐Temperature‐Moisture Relationships from Field Studies1
Authors: Brown D. M. , Chapman L. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Average rate of development per degree F. in the preflowering period was nearly the same as the rate on the previously derived development curve at the mean of the average temperatures encountered in the field. Lower rates than those on the development curve occurred in the postflowering period. Available moisture, as well as temperature, was correlated with development rate in the flowering period.
Evaluation of Sodium 2, 3‐Dichloroisobutyrate as a Selective Male Gametocide in Cotton1
Authors: Pate J. B. , Duncan E. N.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

FW‐450 at several treatment levels caused male and female sterility with no marked selectivity for either gamete. At one level, 1.02 pounds per acre, gametocidal selectivity for the male gamete was indicated. Natural crossing percentages were increased in a series of varieties by treatment with FW‐450. The results indicated that FW‐450 at the rates used in these experiments is not suitable for use as a selective male gametocide in commercial production of hybrid cottonseed.
Effect of Soil Moisture Regime on Root Distribution of Warm Season Forage Species1
Authors: Doss Basil D. , Ashley D. A. , Bennett O. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Effective rooting depths of five warm season forage species decreasted as soil moisture increased. Root concentration of all species at each moisture regime decreased as depth increased. An average of 50% of the roots was in the upper 3 inches and 76% in the upper foot of soil.
Chemical Composition of Kernel Fractions of Corn Samples Varying in Amylose Content1
Authors: Zuber M. S. , Deatherage W. L. , Grogan C. O. , MacMasters M. M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Kernel fractions of corn samples varying in amylose content show that amylose percent is negatively correlated with endosperm weight and percent starch, and positively correlated with pericarp weight, germ weight, endosperm protein, and endosperm oil. The association of other kernel components, such as starch, oil, and protein, is discussed.
Effect of Fertilization on Carrying Capacity and Beef Produced by Napiergrass Pastures1
Authors: Caro‐Costas Rubén , Vicente‐Chandler José
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Increasing fertilization of steep napiergrass pastures in the humid mountains of Puerto Rico from 600 to 1,800 pounds per acre yearly caused increases (pounds per acre yearly): Of gains in live weight of cattle from 570 to 1,072, of dry forage consumed by cattle from 8,890 to 13,350, and of total digestible nutrients from 4,160 to 7,190. Carrying capacity increased from .95 to 1.64 standard beef cows per acre and protein content of the forage consumed from 8.1 to 15.9%. Increasing fertilization rates to 3,000 pounds did not further increase productivity of the pastures.
Corn Growth and Composition in Relation to Soil Fertility: III. Percentages of N, P and K in Different Plant Parts in Relation to Stage of Growth1
Authors: Hanway J. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Nutrient deficiencies were reflected in differences in percent N, P, and K in the leaves and leaf sheaths more than in other plant parts. In early season samples, differences in percentages of NO3‐N in the plant due to differences in N availability were greater than those of total N. Within each plant part the percentage of water‐soluble P was highly correlated with the percentage of total P.
Crop Residue Placement in Soil and Its Effect Upon Growth of Corn1
Authors: Parker D. T. , Larson W. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A mulch of crop residue as compared to a like amount of residue plowed into the soil significantly retarded plant growth. This retardation occurred independently of N fertility, soil moisture, and soil compaction. However, interactions between residue placement and the other variables was sometimes observed.
Hydrometer Method Improved for Making Particle Size Analyses of Soils1
Authors: Bouyoucos George John
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The time required for dispersing soils for the hydrometer method of making particle size analyses was reduced from 25 minutes to only 2 minutes. The procedure consists of soaking the soils in a 5% Calgon solution for 15 to 20 hours and then dispersing them with a soil mixer running at a speed of about 16,000 r.p.m., for 2 minutes.
Manganese Toxicity of Burley Tobacco1
Authors: Hiatt A. J. , Ragland J. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Plants grown in solution cultures began showing typical Mn toxicity symptoms when the tissue concentration reached about 3,000 ppm Mn. Excess AI in the nutrient solution caused stunting of the plants but did not cause abnormal coloring. Much of the injury from high concentrations of Mn was overcome by increasing the concentration of Fe in the nutrient solution.
Bromegrass Response to Rate and Source of Nitrogen Applied in Fall and Spring in Alaska1
Authors: Laughlin Winston M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and calcium nitrate were equally effective as nitrogen sources but urea was seldom as effective. Anhydrous ammonia and calcium cyanamide were inferior to all other carriers. Split applications spread yields out over 2 and 3 cuttings but produced no higher yields for the entire season than did the same amount of nitrogen applied only in the spring. Spring nitrogen applications generally were superior to equal quantities applied in the fall.
Evaluation of Weather Factors in the Production of Grain Sorghums1
Authors: Thompson Louis M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A statistical technique using multiple curvilinear regression to differentiate between the effects of technology and weather on trends in yields of grain sorghums is described.
Effects of Soil Moisture Regime on Yield and Evapotranspiration from Cool‐Season Perennial Forage Species1
Authors: Bennett O. L. , Doss B. D.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

All species showed an increase in yield up to the intermediate moisture regime. Water was used by all species in proportion to the amounts available for evapotranspiration. Soil moisture was first extracted near the surface and at successively lower depths as soil moisture tension increased near the surface.
Peroxidase and Polyphenoloxidase Activities and Free Ninhydrin‐Positive Substances in Underground Buds of Ironweed and Leafy Spurge1
Authors: Monson W. G. , Haskins F. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Peroxidase activity in extracts of underground buds of ironweed and leafy spurge was at the lowest level during the period of dormancy in both species, and increased when dormancy was broken. Polyphenoloxidase activity of bud extracts was high for ironweed and very low for leafy spurge, and showed no relationship with dormancy in either species. Ninhydrin‐positive substances generally and sulfur‐containing amino acids in particular increased during the dormant period.
Effects of Moisture and Fertilizer on Yields of Spring Wheat and Barley1
Authors: Bauer A. , Young R. A. , Ozbun J. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Growing season precipitation and available stored soil moisture at seeding affected spring wheat and barley yield responses to N fertilizer on nonfallowed soils. Magnitude of response to N fertilizer as well as the rate required for maximum yield increased as either precipitation or stored moisture increased. As the amount of stored moisture increased, less precipitation was required to produce responses to N. Growing season precipitation plus stored moisture accounted for 40.3% of the yield response.
Effect of Nitrogen Rate and Irrigation on Yield and Residual Nitrogen Recovery by Warm‐Season Grasses1
Authors: Ashley D. A. , Bennett O. L. , Doss B. D. , Scarsbrook C. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Coastal bermudagrass produced the largest forage yields with Pensacola bahiagrass and dallisgrass following in that order. Yield and N content of bermudagrass were increased through the highest N rate, 900 pounds per acre. Nitrogen content of bahiagrass and dallisgrass was increased through the highest rate, with yield increases through the 600‐pounds‐per‐acre N rate. Irrigation increased yields and N recovery during periods of low rainfall. The percent of applied N recovered decreased as N rate increased and was highest on Coastal bermudagrass.
Response of Orchardgrass to Fail‐and Spring‐Applied Nitrogen1
Authors: Kresge C. B.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Urea and (NH4)2SO4, applied in late November or mid‐December produced orchardgrass forage yields comparable to those from a March application. However, N recovery was highest from the spring application,. Nitrate from NH4NO3 apparently leached over winter, making this N source inferior for late fall fertilization, Ureaformaldehyde showed promise only on a long term basis.
Influence of Male‐Sterility on Nitrogen Utilization in Corn, Zea mays L.1
Authors: Sanford J. O. , Grogan C. O. , Jordan H. V. , Sarvella P. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Considerably more N accumulated in fertile tassels than in sterile tassels. Subsequent to the shedding of pollen, there was no difference in the N content of fertile and sterile tassels. Sterile plants accumulated more N in ears and husks than did fertile plants due to the greater yield and number of ears produced by sterile plants. There were only slight differences between fertile and sterile plants in N content of leaves and stalks. The data suggest that the comparatively fewer ears per plant produced by the fertile versions were due to competition for N between the ear primordia and the pollen.
Intra‐Cultivaral Variation in Hard Red Winter Wheat1
Authors: Heyne E. G. , Siddig Mohamed Ahmed
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Selections were made from 31 wheat breeding lines and cultivars that were phenotypically similar to the original. One to 15 lines were compared with the original and with the bulk of all the selected lines. On the average, the original and bulks gave more consistent performances than the individual selections, suggesting that a cultivar in hard red winter wheat need not consist of a single genotype but of several phenotypically similar lines. Fifteen to 85 lines adequately represented the original.
Relative Efficiency of Broadcast Versus Banded Phosphorus for Corn1
Authors: Welch L. F. , Mulvaney D. L. , Boone L. V. , McKibben G. E. , Pendleton J. W.
Published: July 2010

Experiments were conducted on Zanesville, Elliott, and Muscatine soils to determine the relative efficiency, with respect to corn yields, of broadcast P as compared to banded P. The 16 fertilizer treatments consisted of 4 rates of banded P and 4 rates of broadcast P in factorial combinations.

Yields from each of the 3 soils were used to calculate a multiple regression equation for each soil. The equation is of a quadratic form, and it expresses the relation between yield and rates of banded and broadcast P. The regression equations account for 77 to 88% of the variation in yield.

The largest yield increases from added P were 1287, 1474, and 873 pounds of corn per acre for the Zanesville, Elliott, and Muscatine soils, respectively. With all the P either banded or broadcast, the relative efficiency of broadcast P ranged from 0.49 to 1.23 for the 3 soils For a given soil, the relative efficiency of broadcast P varied with rate. At 35.2 pounds of P added per acre, higher yields were obtained on Zanesville and Elliott soils if a combination of banded and broadcast application were used than if all the P was added either banded or broadcast. Banding all the P gave higher yields than the other application methods if 17.6 and 8.8 pounds of P per acre were added. Yields from the Muscatine soil were not dependent on whether all the P was drilled, broadcast, or applied by a combination of both methods.
Conservation of Soil Nitrogen in a Wheat Summer Fallow Farming Practice1
Authors: Oveson M. M.
Published: July 2010

Comparisons were made on the effect wheat straw had on the soil nitrogen and on the yield of wheat, in a wheat summer fallow system of cropping from 1931 to 1964.

When the wheat straw was burned, either in the fall following the crop or in the spring before plowing, the soil nitrogen level showed a continuous downward trend over the 34‐year cropping period.

When the wheat straw was returned to the soil without added nitrogen in some form, no additional benefit was gained over burning the straw, either in retaining the soil nitrogen or increasing wheat yields.

When some form of nitrogenous fertilizer, either as legume straw, strawy manure, or commercial fertilizer was added to the wheat straw before plowing, the results were improved nitrogen retention and increased wheat yields.

The yields of wheat over the period studied showed a definite relationship to the total nitrogen level found in the surface foot of soil.
Timing of N Fertilization of Rice. I. Effect of Applications Near Midseason on Varietal Performance1
Authors: Sims J. L. , Hall V. L. , Johnston T. H.
Published: July 2010

abstract

Field studies were conducted on Crowley silt loam soil in 1963, 1964, and 1965 to determine the optimum time near the middle of the growing season to apply N fertilizer to rice (Oryza sativa L.) and also to study interactions of time, N rates, and years. Forty pounds per acre of N was applied to all plots about 15 days after seedling emergence and just before flooding. The optimum time for the second application of N was that which resulted in near‐minimum plant height and lodging, with near‐maximum grain yield. Topdress N was applied at 3 levels to drained soil at each of 5 times near midseason, and plots were immediately reflooded. The source was ammonium sulfate.

Varieties (cultivars) used were 'Vegold,' 'Nato,' and 'Bluebonnet 50,' which are classed, respectively, as very‐short‐season, short‐season, and midseason in maturity.

Yields of grain were inversely related to plant height and lodging, and generally increased with time of N application up to 50, 67, and 79 days from emergence for Vegold, Nato, and Bluebonnet 50, respectively. N applied earlier than 45, 55, and 65 days to Vegold, Nato, and Bluebonnet 50, respectively, stimulated vegetative growth and resulted in taller plants, greater lodging, and lowered grain yields. Grain yield differences as great as 1,000 pounds, as an average of all N rates, could be attributed to time of N application.

Significant rate × time and year × time interactions occurred. Rates of N generally had little or no effect on grain yield and plant height at treatment dates which gave maximum grain yield. However, high rates at early dates of application tended to depress grain yields and increase plant height and lodging. Maximum grain yield and significant reductions in plant height and lodging resulted from earlier treatments in 1964 (a year in which plants grew faster) than in 1963 or 1965.