bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Death of Sohio - A Case History
Authors: Skov Arlie M.
Published: April 2020

Published in Oil & Gas Executive, Volume 1, Number 2, 1998, pages 24-33.

In its 116-year life, Standard Oil Co. went through an adventurous adolescence of incredible growth, painful and improbable middle years, and a spectacular rebirth at age 100. The rebirth followed a life-giving trade with British Petroleum (BP) and boom years fueled by massive oil production in Alaska and unexpectedly high oil prices. This was followed by the death of the company after the oil price collapse in 1986.

The history of Sohio, which began and ended as Standard Oil, demonstrates the impact outside events can have on business; the importance of integration for an oil company; and the vision, guts, deep pockets, and luck needed for successful oil exploration. It also shows that coping with adversity is easier than managing a massive windfall of cash and investing it prudently.

Early Years

In February 1865, an aggressive, growth-oriented John D. Rockefeller and his more conservative partner, Maurice Clark, agreed to resolve conflicting business philosophies by holding a private auction between themselves for a jointly owned oil refinery in Cleveland, Ohio. Rockefeller won, igniting the growth phenomenon that was Standard Oil Co. (D. Yergin, The Prize, The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power, Simon & Schuster, 1991).

The oil refinery in Cleveland was the largest of 30 located in that refining capital of the world, near what was then the center of U.S. oil production, northwest Pennsylvania. The use of kerosene for lighting grew at a rate difficult to conceive today, and Rockefeller grew his business even more rapidly until he dominated refining. He built a second refinery in Cleveland in1866 and, on 10 January 1870, incorporated Standard Oil Co. in Ohio to raise capital for ever-accelerating expansion plans. In 1870, he controlled 10% of all U.S. refining capacity. Just 9 years later, he controlled 90%.

Rockefeller introduced improvements to the refining business, increasing efficiency and reducing the refiner's margin (cost difference between kerosene and crude oil) from nearly U.S. $10/bbl in 1866 to U.S. $3.70/bbl in 1875, a two-thirds decrease. He also saw the advantages of integrating the entire oil business. In 1881, he took the first step: "backward integration" into company-owned crude-oil transportation. He then quickly moved downstream into the chaotic marketing business and, by the mid-1880's, controlled 80% of U.S. kerosene marketing and 90% of kerosene exports. By 1890, with production from the oil regions of northwest Pennsylvania declining, Rockefeller completed integration into crude-oil production by investing in the new Lima-Indiana oil boom. By 1891, he controlled one-fourth of all U.S. crude-oil production.
Succeeding in the Global Oil Industry of Tomorrow
Authors: Kukes Simon
Published: April 2020

Published in Oil & Gas Executive Report, Volume 2, Number 2, 1999, pages 28-31.

As I see it, there are three key elements to succeeding in the global oil industry of the future. They are positioning for growth in emerging markets, keeping costs as low as possible, and increasing market share through new market penetration.

Positioning in Emerging Markets

Looking at the oil industry from Moscow, we see two very distinct worlds. The developed economies of the countries in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) are one world. In that world, there are approximately 750 million people who consume about 40 million B/D of oil. For oil companies, these countries usually are referred to as "mature markets." In the other world, there are more than 5 billion people consuming 35 million B/D. For the oil companies, these countries are grouped together as emerging markets even though the size of their populations and their economies vary widely.

From my perspective, describing OECD countries as mature markets really means that the prospect of oil demand growth there is limited. This is the result of several factors that include interfuel competition, particularly with gas; saturated automobile markets; environmental pressures; and older populations.

As oil continues to be squeezed out of power generation and space heating in these markets, primarily by natural gas, any increase in oil demand will be in the transport sector. In Europe, demand for oil in the transport sector is under pressure from high end-user prices, more efficient cars, and the growing number of diesel-powered cars. In the U.S., transport demand for oil has been increasing lately because of low prices; strong economic growth; and a switch to less efficient cars, such as sport utility vehicles. We think that this trend will run its course and that, in the end, the U.S. oil market also will peak sometime in the next 5 to 10 years.

The outlook for the emerging markets is quite different. If oil demand per capita were the same in these markets as in the OECD markets, demand would be somewhere around 300 million B/D. I am not predicting that oil demand will rise to anywhere near that level, but it does challenge the imagination to think of just how great that untapped market must be. Clearly, it is in these emerging markets that real demand growth will come because the drivers for growth are almost the opposite of those in the OECD—that is, less interfuel competition, although it is a factor; lower numbers of automobiles per capita; and younger populations.
Developing Both the Chicken & the Egg
Authors: Sutton Joseph W.
Published: April 2020

Published in Oil & Gas Executive Report, Volume 2, Number 3, 1999, pages 18–21,43.

The old saying, "What comes first, the chicken or the egg?" is particularly pertinent to the electricity and natural gas business. As developers, we're continually challenged to simultaneously build assets and markets for these assets. When we commit to developing both electricity and natural gas assets, the challenge becomes especially difficult. A company cannot develop a power project until the source of fuel is secured. Nor can an enterprise allocate resources to purchase and deliver fuel without a large, guaranteed customer.

Enron's philosophy has been to develop the chicken and the egg simultaneously. It is not an easy task and it requires the ability to envision how energy markets will develop. You also need skills to successfully communicate your conceptualization to partners, governments and lenders. But the risk is that if a company resists undertaking the challenge, it forgoes a chance to make a meaningful difference in how emerging markets can satisfy their huge demands for energy. Enron's experience in India is an excellent example of how successful a two-pronged development strategy can be. We soon will celebrate the opening of phase I of the 826-megawatt (MW) Dabhol power plant in the state of Maharashtra. At about the same time we will reach financial close for phase II of Dabhol, which is scheduled to bring on line 1,624 megawatts more by the end of 2001. Electricity, however, is just one component of Dabhol. Because phase II includes the infrastructure to import and regasify liquefied natural gas (LNG), it instantly creates a beachhead for a major natural gas market in India.

Enron in India

From the day the Indian government invited Enron to India in 1992, we recognized the existence of a large market for natural gas. The commodity already was in high demand. We knew from our experience that industrial use of natural gas would rise with supply levels, particularly in light of the nation's ambitious program to encourage power development. Natural gas-fired power plants make sense in India. They are quicker and less expensive to build than coal plants and emit far fewer pollutants than other fossil fuel-based generating stations. And, they satisfy India's need for clean energy solutions.
An Analysis of Eight Family Cluster Cases in Wuhan, China: Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Count May Predict COVID-19 Mortality
Authors: Wang Wenzhu , Cui Dandan , Zhang Lijuan , Zhu Xiwen , Fan Heng , Wang Jiarui , Wang Jian , Chen Rui
Published: April 2020

Importance: Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing COVID-19 has spread across the world in a global pandemic. Tens of thousands of people were infected, several thousand patients died. However, key risk factors for predicting mortality remain unclear.Objective: To identify the key risk factors for COVID-19 mortality.Design, Setting, Participants: Retrospective, randomly selected eight family clusters consisting of 21 individual cases who had been confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2 and admitted to the Wuhan Union Hospital, Wuhan, China, from February 6 to March 3 2020. This study aims to analyze the differences in mortal risk factors between fatal and non-fatal cases within each family.
Hydrogen rich water (HRW) induces plant growth and physiological attributes in fragrant rice varieties under salt stress
Authors: Fu Xiaomeng , Ma Lin , Gui Runfei , Li Yuzhan , Yang Xiaojuan , Zhang Jianwen , Imran Muhammad , Tang Xiangru , Tian  , Mo Zhaowen
Published: April 2020

Hydrogen is an important molecule, exerting antioxidant ability in plants and animals through antioxidant enzymes, which can be dissolved in water. Previous studies have showed that application of hydrogen rich water (HRW), containing a high concentration of hydrogen, plays an important role in enhancing drought tolerance and alleviating the metal stress in plants. However, the effects of HRW on plant growth and physiological attributes in fragrant rice varieties under salt stress are still unclear. A pot experiment was conducted with two fragrant rice varieties i.e. Yuxiangyouzhan and Xiangyaxiangzhan to study the effects of HRW treatments i.e. foliar application of HRW (F-HRW) and irrigation application of HRW (I-HRW) on plant growth and physiological attributes under two NaCl levels (0 mmol L -1 and 150 mmol L -1 ). The results depicte d that, compared with without HRW treatment (CK), the F-HRW and I-HRW treatments significantly increased the dry weight per unit seedling height by 12.64% and 22.99%, while decreased the plant height by 3.92% and 2.97% respectively of two fragrant rice varieties under salt stress. Moreover, compared with CK treatment, the activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were enhanced by F-HRW and I-HRW treatments in NaCl-stressed fragrant rice cultivars and opposite results were observed for MDA content. In crux, our findings conclude that application of HRW modulates the plant growth and physiological attributes in salt-stressed fragrant rice cultivars.
Co-administration of vitamin E and atorvastatin improves insulin sensitivity via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized double-blinded clinical trial
Authors: Tabaei Banafsheh Sadat , Rahimian Aliasghar , Rostamkhani Hadi , Mousavi Neda , Mellati Ali Awsat , Jameshorani Maryam
Published: April 2020

Background: Contrary to the reports about the useful effects of atorvastatin on blood lipids and insulin sensitivity by up-regulation of peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) expression, to our knowledge, there is inconclusive results about vitamin E. Also, there is no study to assess co-administration of vitamin E and atorvastatin on PPAR-γ mRNA expression, insulin sensitivity and lipid profile in diabetic patients. We compared this effect in hyperlipidemic subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: At the present randomized clinical trial (RCT), 30 T2DM women with hyperlipidemia were categorized into the treated group with 20 mg atorvastatin plus 400 IU vitamin E supplement (n = 15) or atorvastatin plus placebo (n = 15) per day for 12 weeks. Anthropometric and biochemical measures were done at the baseline and after the 12-week intervention. PPAR-γ mRNA expression was measured in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of all patients. Results: After adjusting for the baseline measures, vitamin E resulted in significant improvements in insulin sensitivity in terms of HOMA-IR (-1.01±0.52 vs. -2.56 ± 0.54, P = 0.04) and serum insulin (-0.55±0.35 vs. -6.5 ± 1.3, P < 0.001), compared with the atorvastatin plus placebo. Adjusted for the baseline variables, compared with the atorvastatin plus placebo, vitamin E supplementation could up-regulate PPAR-γ mRNA expression (OR=5.4, 95% CI=0.8-36.9, P=0.04) in PBMC of T2DM women. Conclusions: Vitamin E supplementation along with atorvastatin may improve insulin sensitivity through up-regulation of PPAR-γ gene. More RCTs are needed to reach conclusive results. Trial registration: The present study is registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. IRCT20170918036256N1.
The Oxidative Stress Pathway May be an Important Pathway Leading to The Recurrence of Ewing Sarcoma —— Based On Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Hu Shaoyu , Hao Song , Huang Shengjia , Qin Yi , Wang Jianjun
Published: April 2020

Background The role of gene and pathway in recurrence of Ewing sarcoma (ES) was not clear. Thus, we investigated the biological role and underlying mechanism of gene and pathway in recurrence of ES. Methods Data sets of patients with ES were collected from the GEO database. We used dataset GSE63155 and GSE63156 to construct co-expression networks by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed by Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). Results We can find that genes with significant interactions in the genes of the recurrence group include SRSF11, TRIM39, SOCS3,NUPL2,COPS5. They work primarily through the oxidative stress pathway. Conclusion Through our research, for the first time found that ES by SRSF11 TRIM39, SOCS3, NUPL2, COPS5 interaction, activation of phosphorylation of bone and oxidative stress is affecting tumor recurrence.
The rice annexin gene OsAnn5 is a positive regulator of cold stress tolerance at the seedling stage
Authors: shen chunxiu , Que Zhiqun , Lu Qineng , Liu Tao , Li Shengqiang , Zou Jie , Chen Gang
Published: April 2020

Annexins exist widely in plants as multigene families and play critical roles in stress responses and a range of cellular processes. In this study, we report on the cloning and functional characterization of the rice annexin gene OsAnn5. We found that the expression of OsAnn5 was induced by cold stress treatment at the seedling stage of rice. GUS staining assay indicated that the expression of OsAnn5 was non tissue-specific and was detected in almost all rice tissues. Subcellular localization indicated that OsAnn5-GFP (green fluorescent protein) signals were found in the endoplasmic reticulum apparatus. Compared with wild type rice, overexpression of OsAnn5 significantly increased survival rates at the seedling stage under cold stress, while knocking out OsAnn5 using the CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated proteins) mediated genome editing resulted in sensitivity to cold treatments. These results indicate that OsAnn5 is a positive regulator of cold stress tolerance at the seedling stage.
Clinical course and characteristics of Corona Virus Disease 2019 in Xiaoshan, Hangzhou: A Retrospective study
Authors: Lai Fenhua , Zheng Yongtao , Jia Hexiang , Wang Fuliang , Sun Xiangjue , Yang Dongbo , Xu Miaojian , Xu Diwei , Lu Chao , Ge Bo , Chen Shenglan , Li Biao , Chen Ting , Li Zhibo , Feng Yuanmei
Published: April 2020

Background: The World Health Organization declared the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern (Corona Virus Disease 2019) on January 30th, this study aimed to investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Corona Virus Disease 2019 in Xiaoshan, Hangzhou, and evaluate scientific basis for disease control and prevention. Methods: A total of 30 patients had been admitted to hospital from Jan 22 to Feb 22, 2020, all of them were laboratory confirmed SARS-Cov-2. Demographic, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory data were collected from Hospital information system and Epidemiological investigation reports. All data was performed by descriptive analysis, Chi-square test or non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate. Two sided p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: 30 patients were enrolled, the median age was 44.5 years (IQR 33.8-52.3) and 17 (56.7%) patients were female, 14 (46.7%) patients were native and had no exposure to Hubei Province. At the time of study submission, only one patient had not been discharged and no patients died during the study. The median hospital stay was 16.0 days (IQR 12.5-20.5) and the median course of disease was 20.5 days (IQR 17.0-23.3). The most common symptoms were fever (66.7%), dry cough (26.7%), and pharyngalgia (23.3%) on first admission. Most patients were generally illness or more mild, but 10 (33.3%) patients received oxygen therapy and 14 (46.7%) patients received hormone therapy during their hospitalization. Almost half of patients showed mild lymphocytopenia and 40% patients had elevated concentrations of CRP in the early stages of COVID-19.﻿Conclusions: Among the 30 patients were confirmed with SARA-Cov-2 infection in Xiaoshan, Hangzhou, most of them had clinical presentation of respiratory tract infection, but the median course of disease was more than 2 weeks. Further systematic prospective studies about COVID-19 should be urgently needed.
Molecular dynamics simulation of entanglement spreading in generalized hydrodynamics
Authors: Mestyán Márton , Alba Vincenzo
Published: April 2020

We consider a molecular dynamics method, the so-called flea gas for computing the evolution of entanglement after inhomogeneous quantum quenches in an integrable quantum system.
In such systems the evolution of local observables is described at large space-time scales by the Generalized Hydrodynamics approach, which is based on the presence of stable, ballistically propagating quasiparticles.
Recently it was shown that the GHD approach can be joined with the quasiparticle picture of entanglement evolution, providing results for entanglement growth after inhomogeneous quenches.
Here we apply the flea gas simulation of GHD to obtain numerical results for entanglement growth. We implement the flea gas dynamics for the
gapped anisotropic Heisenberg XXZ spin chain, considering quenches from globally homogeneous and
piecewise homogeneous initial states.
While the flea gas method applied to the XXZ chain is not exact even in the scaling limit (in contrast to the Lieb-Liniger model), it yields a very good approximation of analytical results for entanglement growth in the cases considered.
Furthermore, we obtain the full-time dynamics of the
mutual information after quenches from inhomogeneous settings, for which
no analytical results are available.
6098 SAYILI TÜRK BORÇLAR KANUNU HÜKÜMLERİNE GÖRE KEFİL İLE REHİN VEREN ÜÇÜNCÜ KİŞİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ
Authors: YÜCESOY YILMAZ Yasemin
Published: April 2020

Bir alacağı teminat altına almak için hem kefalet sözleşmesi yapılması, hem de rehin tesis edilmesi mümkündür. Kefaletin mutlaka asıl borçlu dışında üçüncü bir kişi tarafından verilmesi gerekir. Ancak rehin, asıl borçlu tarafından ya da üçüncü bir kişi tarafından verilebilir. Alacaklının kefil ya da rehin veren üçüncü kişi tarafından tatmin edilmesi hâlinde, yapılan ödeme bakımından anılan bu kişilerin (kefil ve rehin veren üçüncü kişi) halefiyete dayalı olarak birbirlerine rücu edip edemeyecekleri, çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Konu ile ilgili 818 sayılı Borçlar Kanunu (BK)’ndan farklı olarak 6098 sayılı Türk Borçlar Kanunu (TBK) m. 596’da özel düzenlemeler yer almaktadır. Anılan hükmün ikinci fıkrasında alacaklıyı tatmin eden kefilin kural olarak, kefalet sözleşmesi kurulmadan önce ya da en geç sözleşmenin kurulması anında borçlu dışında üçüncü kişi tarafından verilen rehin haklarına başvurabileceği düzenlenmiştir. Aynı hükmün dördüncü fıkrasında ise kural olarak, rehnin kefaletten sonra verilmesi hâlinde rehin veren üçüncü kişinin kefile başvurabileceği düzenlenmiştir. Bu konuda ayrıca TBK m. 127/f. I, b. 1 ve 4721 sayılı Türk Medenî Kanunu m. 884 hükümlerinde de düzenlemeler yer almaktadır. Ancak TBK m. 596 hükmü daha özel bir düzenleme olduğundan, uyuşmazlık ortaya çıktığında öncelikle uygulanmalıdır.
Novel Biomass Derived from Grape Pomace Waste as an Efficient Nanocatalyst for the Synthesis of Dibenzoxanthene, Tetraketone, bis(indolyl)alkane and Chromene Derivatives and their Antimicrobial Evaluation
Authors: Ghorbani Fatemeh , Pourmousavi Seied Ali , Kiyani Hamzeh
Published: April 2020

Background:

Sulfonated carbon-based solid acids (CBSAs) have been reported as an efficient solid
acid catalyst for many acid-catalyzed reactions. Furthermore, the use of carbon obtained from biomass waste
has been explored and these materials showed a higher catalytic performance and higher stability compared to
other solid acids.

Objective:

Novel biomass carbon-based solid acids nanoparticles with high catalytic activity in organic
transformation, such as Grape pomace waste-SO3H Nanoparticles (GPW-SO3H NPs), were successfully
synthesized.

Materials and Methods:

Grape pomace waste-SO3H Nanoparticles (GPW-SO3H NPs) were successfully
synthesized. The grape pomace waste was dried in an oven at a temperature of 70°C and crushed to powder
using an electric spice grinder. A mixture of powdered grape pomace waste (1 g) and concentrated sulfuric acid
(>98%, 10 mL) was stirred at room temperature. Then, the resultant mixture was transferred into a 100 mL
sealed Teflon-lined autoclave and kept at 180°C for 12 h. After cooling to room temperature, the resulting
black solid was dried at 100°C in an oven under vacuum and the sulfonic acid-functionalized magnetic
nanoparticles (Fe3O4@C-SO3H) were obtained.

Results and Discussion:

The catalytic activity of GPW-SO3H was assessed through an easy and rapid
protocol developed for the one-pot synthesis of 14-aryl-14-H-dibenzo [a,j]xanthene, arylmethylene [bis(3-
hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-1-one)], bis(indolyl)alkane and 2-amino-4-aryl-7-hydroxy-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile
derivatives in excellent yields. The advantages of this method include use of waste material for catalyst
synthesis, high yields, mild reaction conditions, uncomplicated work-up procedures, neutral conditions, and
recoverable catalyst.

Conclusion:

We have shown that biomass-derived solid acids, prepared from grape pomace waste, serve as a
non-toxic, inexpensive and a promising eco-friendly and novel carbon-based solid acid nanocatalyst for
organic transformations.
Effective Dye Degradation Using Sol-Gel Synthesized Titania Nanostructures
Authors: Parakkandy Priyanka Karathan , Balakrishna Kagalagodu Manjunthiah , Varghese Thomas
Published: April 2020

Background:

The organic effluents from industry remain one of the reasons for water
contamination. By the natural degradation process, it is difficult to remove this; hence finding an effective
solution for this is inevitable. TiO2-based materials have received enormous attention in the
area of semiconductor photocatalysis, particularly for the degradation of organic dyes. This work
emphasizes on the degradation of two industrial dyes methylene blue and rhodamine blue by visible
light irradiation of TiO2 based nanoparticles.

Methods:

In the present study, pristine and La3+ and Ce3+ doped nanotitania were synthesized by the
sol-gel method. The samples under investigation were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Transmission
electron microscopy to study the variation of crystallite size and UV-Visible absorption
spectroscopy.

Results:

The increase in crystallite size for the pristine samples calcined at various temperatures confirms
the effect of calcination temperature. Also, the doping reduced the size of the synthesized nanotitania.
Visible light extended absorption spectra have been observed for the calcined samples and
Ce3+ doped nanotitania. The La3+ doped sample showed a blue shift in the absorption confirming
quantum confinement. The photocatalytic activity in the context of degradation of certain industrial
dyes such as methylene blue and rhodamine blue has been investigated for the samples.

Conclusion:

The studies found that nanotitania consisting of mixed anatase-rutile phase exhibits higher
degradation efficiency than that of pure anatase or rutile samples. Besides, photocatalytic dye degradation
has been significantly improved for Ce3+ doped nanotitania compared to the pristine sample.
EVALUATION OF RESISTANCE TO SCA FOR DIFFERENT ARCHITECTURES OF ENCRYPTED CELL
Authors: Stanojlović Mirković Milena , Milić Miljana , Mirković Dejan
Published: April 2020

This paper deals with a top down design of an example multiplexer cell that exhibits high immunity to Side Channel Attack (SCA). Four different solutions of the encrypted multiplexer cell are revised, and the best design adopted. The post-layout simulations prove resistance of the multiplexer logic cell to the SCA. Since the physical layout structure and the functionality of this kind of design is based on symmetry, concerns were expressed as to what will be the effectiveness of the method under real production conditions. To get a proper answer to that, the adequacy of the chosen design for the multiplexer cell, which uses the "No Short-circuit Current Dynamic Differential Logic" (NSDDL) method, is confirmed by observing a Normalized Standard Deviation (NSD).
Atividades lúdicas em instituição de acolhimento: o olhar do educador/cuidadortividades lúdicas em instituição de acolhimento
Authors: Da Silva Andréa Imbiriba , Lellis Irani Lauer
Published: April 2020

Esta pesquisa teve como lócus o Centro de Acolhimento em Santarém. O objetivo foi investigar as cognições da equipe de educadores/cuidadores sobre atividades lúdicas no desenvolvimento das habilidades sociais das crianças acolhidas. Especificamente, conhecer as cognições da equipe de educadores/cuidadores a respeito de atividades lúdicas. Este trabalho apresenta parte dos resultados de uma dissertação de mestrado intitulada Cognições de educadores/cuidadores de instituição de acolhimento sobre atividades lúdicas e habilidades sociais. Os dados foram coletados de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com perguntas abertas. Para análise foi utilizada a técnica discurso do sujeito coletivo, com o intuito de aproveitar todas as verbalizações dos participantes. Os resultados apontam que os educadores/cuidadores possuem cognições voltadas para a importância das atividades lúdicas dentro da casa de acolhimento, entretanto, necessitam de parceiros para o desenvolvimento de tais atividades.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM (PAI) BERBASIS CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING (CTL), SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PEMBELAJARAN GURU, DI SMP KOTA MALANG
Authors: . Romlah
Published: April 2020

Fakultas Agama Islam UMMABSTRACTThis research is motivated by the reality of the learning process of the Islamic ReligiousEducation (PAI), which allegedly still using traditional learning models so that provideless traction on the implications for students 'lack of internalization of religious teachingin students' self. To that end, CTL approach (Contextual Teaching and Learning) isassumed to be able to make learning more meaningful and PAI is able to encouragestudents to make Islamic teachings in their daily living. The aim of this study (first stage)is to describe the learning profile of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in junior highschool in Malang. Qualitative approach used in this study, key informant PAI firstgrade’s teacher and Principal or Chief Principal. The curriculum at each school inMalang (SMP 13, 18 and SMP Muhammadiyah I Malang). While the data collectiontechnique used observation, interviews, documentation, and after the data was analyzedwith descriptive and qualitative. Results from this study indicate that teachers at all threejunior high PAI Malang has been made: (1) planning the learning, such as Prota, Prosem,Syllabus, RPP. (2) learning scenarios, starting from the initial stage, the core and cover.(3) Problem faced by teachers in the learning of the PAI include methods, media, largeclass group, students' backgrounds are diverse IQ capabilities and lack of textbooks andworksheets by student.Kata Kunci : Pembelajaran PAI,Perangkat pembelajaran, PendekatanCTL
Sistemas agroalimentares e redes de comercialização: uma outra relação ambiente-sociedade
Authors: Gemim Bruna Schmidt , Numer Thamy , Denardin Valdir Frigo , Schaffrath Valter Roberto
Published: April 2020

As questões ambientais permeiam todos os setores da sociedade contemporânea, seja na esfera econômica, política ou social. A crise ambiental se apresenta como a manifestação dos padrões civilizatórios hegemônicos de se relacionar com o ambiente, ideologicamente voltados ao progresso e ao crescimento. Para o enfrentamento de tais problemáticas é preciso repensar a relação sociedade-natureza a partir de uma profunda transformação da perspectiva do homem diante do ambiente e como parte deste. Além disso, não se pode admitir que apenas um modo de vida, produção e reprodução prevaleça sobre os demais. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho procura identificar como as questões socioambientais e de desenvolvimento permeiam os sistemas agroalimentares, assim como formas de resistência e ressignificação das relações sociais voltadas à comercialização de alimentos, apresentando a experiência do Projeto Redes de Comercialização da Cooperativa Motirõ, no Litoral do Paraná, como promotora de outra lógica de comercialização de alimentos. Trilhando novos caminhos na busca pela sustentabilidade da produção de alimentos e da reprodução social dos camponeses, com vista à soberania e segurança alimentar, ressignificando as relações sociais campo-cidade, ou seja, onde se dá a produção do alimento e encontram-se seus consumidores.
Economic features and mechanisms of energy saving management in housing and utility sector
Authors: Safronova Natalia B. , Budakov Alexey S.
Published: April 2020

The development of the national economy as a whole - the subjects and municipalities in particular-in conditions of limited financial subsidies depends on their economic condition, technological equipment, organization of measures to save energy resources. The housing and communal services sector, which has a high energy saving potential, accounting for about 70 % of the total energy efficiency potential in the Russian Federation, is currently one of the main consumers of energy resources of the Russian Federation. Cost optimization and cost reduction are the main tasks in improving the economic conditions for the development of housing and communal services and management of residential property complexes, some features of which will be considered in this paper. The main purpose of energy-saving measures in housing and communal services is to reduce costs and production costs and the cost of utilities, and as a result of reducing the level of utility bills for the owner in an apartment building. The segment of apartment buildings in housing and communal services is one of the most problematic, in terms of savings, as the main part of energy costs in it is aimed at providing hot water and heating. In the framework of this study, the results of the activities of one of the management companies of Saint Petersburg on the implementation of energy-saving measures are reflected.
The path of catching and the path of innovative development: what will Russia choose?
Authors: Zavyalova Elena B. , Shumskaia Ekaterina I.
Published: April 2020

Over the past half century, global GDP growth has been exceptionally rapid, helped by significant labor force growth and increased labor productivity. Employment growth from 1964 to 2014 decreased from 1.7 to 0.3 % per year. Over the past 20 years, overall productivity growth in OECD countries has also slowed significantly. However, the introduction of digital technology is already changing the picture for the better in developed countries. Therefore, achieving the desired economic growth is seen in increasing labor productivity through the active development and implementation of key technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, but with the need to effectively redistribute existing resources within countries, both developed and developing. As a hypothesis, the thesis was put forward on the need for scientific and technological development as the main answer to the challenges of our time with the aim of further growth and development of the Russian economy. However, the study proved that in modern conditions the main solution for Russia is a more efficient distribution of existing factors of production and, as a result, economic activity. At the same time, further technological and innovative development is necessary from the point of view of long-term economic growth, since the catch-up path has its own logical limit.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Berbasis Web (Studi Kasus: PT. KALBER REKSA ABADI)
Authors: Putra Ichsyan Rizky Adi , Megawati Megawati
Published: April 2020

PT. Kalber Reksa Abadi adalah perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang konstruksi fisik. Selama ini data transaksi diolah berdasarkan siklus akuntansi dengan cara tulis tangan, dan dalam pembuatan laporan keuangan menggunakan aplikasi Microsoft Excel. Masalah yang muncul dalam pembuatan laporan keuangan adalah selalu terjadi kesalahan dalam memposting jurnal harian ke buku besar dan menyebabkan laporan neraca tidak balance, yang menyebabkan pelaporan kepada pimpinan menjadi terlambat karena memerlukan waktu untuk memperbaiki laporan keuangan yang dibutuhkan oleh pimpinan dalam mengambil kebijakan. Sistem ini bertujuan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, dan mempermudah admin keuangan dalam pembuatan laporan keuangan karena sejak pertama kali menginputkan transaksi, seluruh laporan keuangan yang dibutuhkan perusahaan otomatis sudah terhitung, mulai dari jurnal umum, trial balance, buku besar, laporan laba rugi, laporan perubahan modal, dan laporan neraca keuangan. Metode yang digunakan untuk membangun sistem adalah Waterfall. Pada tahap analisa dan perancangan sistem informasi yang dibangun menggunakan metode Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) serta bahasa pemodelan untuk pembangunan perangkat lunak menggunakan diagram Unified Modeling Language (UML). Dari pengujian yang dilakukan menggunakan Blackbox Testing diketahui bahwa persentase keberhasilan sistem ini menunjukkan angka sebesar 100%.
Menentukan Jumlah Pasokan Komoditas Pangan di Provinsi Riau Berdasarkan Fuzzy Inference System dengan Metode Fuzzy Tsukamoto
Authors: Rahmawati Rahmawati Ama
Published: April 2020

Food is the primary need of the population in Indonesia. Increased food demand along with the increasing of population growth. Food availability is an aspect to be met by the Indonesia government as an effort to prosper the community. In facts, food availability in a country or a region not always can be met well. Therefore, the government needs to stabilize the level of food availability, one of the efforts is by importing or supplying food from abroad. Food supply planning needs to be done carefully so as not to shut down domestic food production and it was expected to stabilize food security. Planning of the quantity of food commodity supply  will be done by taking into account the number of population needs and the number of food production itself. Because the number of food needs and production is very relative and always changing at a certain time, then to determined the amount of food supply will be done with fuzzy inference system. Tsukamoto’s fuzzy method is one of the methods in the fuzzy inference system. So, the result of this research is to find of food commodity supply in Riau Province based on number of food need and number of food production with fuzzy inference system using Tsukamoto's fuzzy method.
Sistem Pakar Diagnosis Penggunaan Softlens dengan Metode Forward Chaining
Authors: Kurnia Rahmi Putri
Published: April 2020

Softlens is a medical device that is attached to the cornea to help vision as a substitute for glasses. Currently Softlens are used freely. But many users are not aware of the impact of using Softlens. So there are problems that are harmful to the eye. Meanwhile, to consult with eye experts requires a lot of time and money. This study aims to facilitate the consultation process so as to minimize the risk of eye problems that may occur. By using the forward chaining method, knowledge from experts or eye specialists in the form of disease names and symptoms will be processed to get the rule. Where rule will be used in diagnosing the use of Softlens. From the results of system testing that has been done with sample data as many as 10 patients, compared with the results of expert diagnosis obtained the value of system accuracy is 80%. This level of accuracy shows that an expert diagnosis system using Softlens can be used to assist doctors in providing a diagnosis based on symptoms and can provide early prevention for users who use this expert system
Debt as a financial risk factor in SMEs in the Czech Republic
Authors: Kramoliš Jan , Dobeš Kamil
Published: April 2020

Research Background: The approach is based on theoretical sources and completed studies on business debt, debt level and repayment awareness and how this issue relates to SMEs in the Czech Republic.
Purpose of the article: The main purpose of this paper is to examine the attitude of SMEs towards the issue of company debt and its position within the economy. This attitude is an inherent part of the company´s risk management.
Methods: Three researched issues (How strongly is company debt perceived as a financial risk factor; Does the company consider debt to be a serious matter in their business; What measures does the company take to reduce risk) supported by hypotheses, which verified the thesis, were statistically tested.
Finding & Value added: Practical implications confirm the thesis that there is a belief that SMEs do not consider debt to be a critical factor of business risk and do not associate it directly with the major risk of business failure. SMEs do not view debt negatively and do not directly link debt to the risk of failure. Consequently, companies consider the risk of indebtedness as relatively insignificant. Their approach to indebtedness is therefore generally passive and they also believe that it will not jeopardize their business, and they will always somehow manage to solve it through insurance, risk avoidance and through creation of financial reserves.
Tecendo vidas
Authors: Biehl Paulo Felipe Soares , Costa Cassiane Da
Published: April 2020

O objetivo desse artigo foi pesquisar saberes e aspectos identitários relativos ao artesanato em lã no pampa brasileiro. Para alcançar esse objetivo, foram realizadas oito entrevistas com artesãos e artesãs do município Santana do Livramento com auxílio de um roteiro de questões. Os artesãos e as artesãs resgatam a trajetória de suas vidas junto a essa paixão de tecer individualmente ou em grupo, de diferentes formas, preservando a rusticidade. Acompanhando as mudanças do mercado, somando os saberes repassados no interior da família e nos cursos, o artesanato em lã e as pessoas que o fazem garantem a vitalidade da identidade territorial do pampa a cada nova peça que produzem, carregada de significados.

Palavras-chave: Artesanato. Cadeia da lã. Saberes. Identidade territorial. Pampa brasileiro.
Contribution à la connaissance des algues marines benthiques du Détroit de Gibraltar et de la Méditerranée occidentale marocaine .I. Chlorophyceae et Phaeophyceae
Authors: Riadi Hassane , Kallaz Mohammed , Ater Mohammed
Published: April 2020

L' étude floristique du Détroit de Gibraltar et de l'ouest de la côte méditerranéenne marocaine entreprise entre 1995 et 1998 a permis d'identifier 71 Chlorophyceae et 80 Phaeophyceae. Parmi les 151 espèces identifiées, 48 sont nouvelles pour la flore du Détroit de Gibraltar et 17 pour la flore du Maroc.
Contribución a la flora del Alto Valle del Guadalquivir en la provincias de Jaén y Córdoba (S. España)
Authors: Cobo Muro María del Carmen
Published: April 2020

Contribución a la flora del Alto Valle del Guadalquivir en la provincias de Jaén y Córdoba (S. España)
Nouveaux materiaux pour la flore de Maroc. Fascicule 5
Authors: Fennane Mohamed , El Oualidi Jalal
Published: April 2020

Douze notes floristiquesprincipalement d'ordre chorologique ousystématique sont données. Six d'entre ellesconcernent des taxons nouveaux pour le Maroc:Isoetes setacea, Gymnostyles stolonifera,Narcissus cuatrecasii, Teucrium botrys et deuxautres espéces appartenant aux genresArtemisia et Sorbus, la valeur systématique deces derniéres reste á étudier. La présence auMaroc de Clematis vitalba, Persicariasenegalensis et Brassica barrelieri subsp.barrelieri demande á étre confirmée.
Adiciones a la flora de Murcia. II
Authors: Sánchez Gómez Pedro , Carrillo Antonio Félix , Ángel Carrión Miguel , Hernández Antonio , Jiménez Juan Francisco
Published: April 2020

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La interpretación moral en la exégesis bíblica de Kant
Authors: Lema-Hincapié Andrés
Published: April 2020

RESUMENLa interpretación bíblica de Kant es siempre una exégesis moral. Por esto conviene denominar principio de pertinencia moral en principio supremo de su hermenéutica sagrada. Esta hermenéutica sacra rechaza todo sentido, sea mística, histórico, metafísico o literal, que quiera primar sobre el sentido moral. Ella parece estar enraizada en el pietismo. De este movimiento religioso Kant tomó probablemente la idea de insistir en el contenido práctico de todo intento de interpretación bíblica. La interpretación kantiana del Jesús evangélico es un buen ejemplo de esta exégesis moral.PALABRAS CLAVEKANT-MORAL-HERMÉUTICA BÍBLICA-PIETISMOABSTRACTKant´s biblical interpretation is always a moral exegesis. For this reason, we shall asume that the principle of moral pertinence is the supreme principle of Kant´s sacred hermeneutics, as it gives primacy in the interpretation of texts to the moral meaning over any other meaning, be it mystical, metaphysical or literal. Kant´s sacred hermeutics seems to be rooted in pietism. From this religious movement it is likely that he adopted the idea of insisting on the practical content of any biblical interpretation. Thus, Kant´s interpretation of the evangelical Jesus is a good example of this moral exegesis.KEYWORDSKANT-MORALS-BIBLICAL-HERMENEUTICS-PIETISM
El ethos posmoderno
Authors: Rubio Carracedo José
Published: April 2020

RESUMENEl principal objetivo de este trabajo es el de demostrar, en especial a través del análisis de la obra de Foucault y de Rorty, que las críticas que presentan los autores posmodemos contra la Modernidad no son tanto el resultado de un nuevo logos epistemolágico como la expresión de un ethos o actitud de rechazo moral del programa moderno. Ello explica mejor la excesiva radicalidad y globalidad de las criticas y, consiguientemente, su defecto de consecuencialidad; y que, pese a todo, la posmodemidad mantenga su vigencia. Cabe distinguir, no obstante, tres tendencias en el talante posmoderno: la escéptica, la epicúrea y la afirmativa.ABSTRACTThe main scope of this papeT is to prove -specially by analyzing the work of Foucault and Rorty- that the criticism of the postmodern thinkers against Modemity are not the exit of a new logos but the expression of an ethos or the position of an moral rejection of the Modernity's Prograrnrne. That explains better the radicality and generality of their criticism and, consequently, their failing of consequentiality; and the fact that, anyway, the Postmodemity keep up her credit. Finally, it is possible to differentiate three trends in the postmodem mood: the Skeptical, the Epicurean and the Affirmative.
Introducción: la actualidad del pensamiento de Nietzsche
Authors: De Santiago Guirvós Luis E.
Published: April 2020

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Tragedia y espíritu mediterráneo en F. Nietzsche: De las cuatro transformaciones del espíritu
Authors: Quesada Julio
Published: April 2020

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Posiciones relevantes en el tema de la consciencia.
Authors: Rodríguez Serón Alicia
Published: April 2020

RESUMENEl tema de la consciencia, ignorado en la psicología conductista, tiene un interés y vigencia actuales tanto entre filósofos como psicólogos y neurocientíficos. En el presente artículo analizamos, en primer lugar, la tesis de James sobre la consciencia, injustamente olvidadas, para estudiar luego en una visión de conjunto el funcionalismo contemporáneo, la posición de Eccles y los puntos de vista de Crick y Koch.ABSTRACTThe theme of conciousness, rejected by behaviorist psychology, enjoys now a deep interest and currency between both philosophers and psychologists and neuroscientists. It is the aim of the present essay to analyze, first and foremost, James's injustly-forgotten theses on conciousness and, secondly, to provide the reader with a critical survey of functionalism, Eccles' position and Crick and Koch's recent opinions on the matter.
Crítica de Zubiri a la reforma de la verdad en el inicio de la modernidad
Authors: Gómez Cambres Gregorio
Published: April 2020

INTRODUCCIÓNEN LOS ÚLTIMOS AÑOS DEL SIGLO XX estamos asistiendo a una reflexión de la situación intelectual en que no sha dejado inmersos la Modernidad. Esta reflexión a nivel de radicalidad, constitutivo de la filosofía, ha producido un sin fin de bibliografía en la cual se critica la soberbia de la sola razón, propia del pensamiento moderno, y se apuesta por un 'pensamiento débil' donde se tengan en cuenta aquellas dimensiones de la realidad humana que han sido condenadas.Sobre todo, se ha reflexionado acerca de la Modernidad en la dirección de no servir ésta para dar solución a los problemas que la vida plantea. La 'pura razón' no sirve para 'saber de experiencia' en el que el hombre se sienta realizado de modo íntegro. Lo que se pretende hoy no es sólo una búsqueda de un saber integral o integrador del hombre sino, lo que es más grave, se busca, como en tiempos de Sócrates, un hombre íntegro. Integridad que da el saber de certidumbre, el saberse hombre poseído y no poseedor de la verdad.Los filósofos españoles no solamente hace ya años que denunciaron las consecuencias nefastas del racionalismo, sino que en sus escritos señalan la desviación sufrida por el pensamiento en el mismo nacimiento de la Modernidad. Nosotros deseamos mostrar en este estudio el pensamiento de Zubiri a este respecto. Él, ciertamente, analiza la desviación sufrida por la verdad en el inicio de la Modernidad, concretamente en Descartes, y sus consecuencias para el destino de la Metafísica y la realización de la persona.Pero es hora de no dedicar más tiempo a estos pregoneros de la postmodernidad que en realidad siguen siendo esclavos del racionalismo. Es tiempo de poner atención en los pensadores que verdaderamente han realizado una filosofía postmoderna y no sólo se han dedicado a denunciar las consecuencias de la razón filostea. De verdaderos filósofos está llena la geografía española. Y está llena porque el español, fiel a la realidad, supo no separar la vida del pensamiento como le instaba el racionalismo.
La cultura deportiva en chile, meta-análisis sobre hábitos de actividad física y deporte 2006-2018
Authors: Bossay Salinas CA
Published: April 2020

Este articulo pretende dar algunas nociones de lo que se debería tomar en cuenta al momento de hablar de “cultura deportiva”, junto con entregar las principales características de la cultura deportiva chilena. En una primera parte revisaremos los diversos elementos que deben ser considerados a la hora de comprender la expresión “cultura deportiva”, para luego exponer antecedentes estadísticos sobre los hábitos y costumbres de los chilenos y chilenas en temáticas de prácticas físicas deportivas de los últimos años, para finalizar con una discusión a modo de conclusiones sobre la cultura deportiva chilena.