bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Родовий об’єкт кримінальних правопорушень у сфері службової діяльності та професійної діяльності, пов’язаної з наданням публічних послуг
Authors: Марін О. К.
Published: August 2021

У статті зазначається, що родовим об’єктом кримінальних правопорушень у сфері службової діяльності та професійної діяльності, пов’язаної із наданням публічних послуг, варто вважати таку субстанцію, як «правове благо» в розумінні відображеної у свідомості ідеальної цінності, «належного», що забезпечує можливості для рівноправного розвитку індивіда. Змістом «правового блага» при цьому є нормальна службова діяльність та професійна діяльність із надання публічних послуг. «Нормальність» такої діяльності складається із двох аспектів: унормованості та властивості, яка, як оціночна категорія, містить у собі такі складові частини:

1) службова діяльність та професійна діяльність із надання публічних послуг здійснюється виключно на виконання функцій юридичної особи, органу державної влади чи місцевого самоврядування або ж завдань професійної діяльності, пов’язаної із наданням публічних послуг та в їх інтересах, в інтересах того, хто доручив, наділив спеціального суб’єкта додатковими можливостями (складова частина убезпечення від зловживань);

2) службова діяльність та професійна діяльність із надання публічних послуг здійснюється виключно в межах спеціальної правоздатності – службова особа або особа, яка професійно надає публічні послуги, може діяти лише в межах та у спосіб, передбачений його спеціальним статусом (складова частина убезпечення від перевищень);

3) службова діяльність та професійна діяльність із надання публічних послуг здійснюється виключно за встановлену законом, положенням, наказом або договором плату, сума якої визначається характером виконуваної роботи, є адекватною такій роботі та офіційною, такою, що підлягає облікові та оподаткуванню (складова частина убезпечення від підкупу);

4) службова діяльність та професійна діяльність із надання публічних послуг здійснюється відповідними особами сумлінно та належно (складова частина убезпечення від недбалості).
ЦИФРОВІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ В ІНДУСТРІЇ ГОСТИННОСТІ
Authors: Тищенко С.В.
Published: August 2021

Проаналізовано тенденції розвитку та використання цифрових технологій в індустрії гостинності. Зазначено, що індустрія гостинності – одна з найбільш перспективних галузей глобальної економіки. Досліджено сучасний стан розвитку та функціонування малого та середнього бізнесу та показано його особливу роль в індустрії гостинності. Здійснено аналіз структурного розподілу підприємств індустрії гостинності та виявлено тенденції щодо їх розвитку. Проаналізовано потенціал цифровізації найвідоміших компаній, які відіграють найважливішу роль у функціонуванні індустрії гостинності, що самі починали як стартапи. Досліджено чинники, які стримують розвиток цифрових технологій, та їх значення для малого та середнього підприємництва. Розроблено авторський підхід до визначення ключових технологічних можливостей цифровізації для малого та середнього бізнесу індустрії гостинності.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РОЗВИТКУ ЦИФРОВИХ ПЛАТФОРМ ТА ЇХ ВПЛИВ НА СВІТОВУ ЕКОНОМІКУ
Authors: Дубель М.В.
Published: August 2021

У статті розглянуто особливості розвитку цифрових платформ та їх вплив на світову економіку. У роботі надається аналіз підходів до визначення терміну «цифрова платформа» та визначено, що у основі цифрових платформ лежать механізми алгоритмізації, взаємовигоди сторін, наявність єдиного інформаційного середовища та ефект у вигляді зниження транзакційних витрат. Цифрові платформи можна класифікувати за рядом ознак, наприклад, за призначенням (транзакційні, інноваційні, інтегровані, інвестиційні) та за рівнем централізації (децентралізована, централізована, гібридна). У роботі виявлено зміни у складі компаній-лідерів за рівнем капіталізації, серед топ-10 у 2020 році вісім з них є платформного типу. У статті також надається аналіз популярності цифрових платформ у залежності від кількості відвідувань в місяць. На основі аналізу розміщення ста найбільших цифрових платформ було виявлено цифровий розрив – близько 95 відсотків провідних платформ знаходяться у Північній Америці та Азійсько-Тихоокеанському регіоні. Отже, окрім переваг у вигляді зниження витрат та збільшення рівню спільного користування, цифрові платформи несуть певні ризики для світової економіки. Однак, за умови подолання «цифрового розриву», розробки актуальної нормативно-правової бази, ефективній роботі антимонопольних комитетів, цифрові платформи можуть посприяти розвитку світової економіки.
Review of the book Educators on Diversity, Social justice, and Schooling: A Reader
Authors: Jean-Pierre Johanne
Published: August 2021

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982) recognizes aboriginal and treaty rights (section 25), official bilingualism (sections 16-20), and multiculturalism (section 27). The Charter also protects citizens from discrimination based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age, or disability (Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, 1982). The spirit and values instilled by the Charter are significant to the field of education mission statements and policies endorsing diversity, inclusion and equity. Combined with different communities’ advocacy for social change, teachers are increasingly called to impart equal opportunities for all children in increasingly diverse classrooms with equitable curricular and pedagogical practices. In that context, Educators on Diversity, Social Justice and Schooling: A Reader provides insight for practitioners. This book is edited by Sonya E. Singer and Mary Jane Harkins, with each chapter’s authors representing various theoretical and methodological approaches. The book is organized in three thematic sections: diversity, social justice, and schooling.
Analisis Hubungan Bauran Pemasaran dengan Nilai Penjualan Pembibitan Jati (Tectona grandis) di CV Mitra Perapi Desa Anaiwoi Kecamatan Tanggetada Kabupaten Kolaka
Authors: Helviani Helviani
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana hubungan bauran pemasaran (produk, harga, tempat dan promosi) dengan nilai penjualan jati (Tectona grandis) di CV Mitra Perapi Desa Anaiwoi Kecamatan Tanggetada Kabupaten Kolaka. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah manajer dan seluruh tenaga kerja atau karyawan CV Mitra Perapi yang berjumlah 30 orang. Variabel utama dalam penelitian ini yaitu bauran pemasaran (produk, harga, tempat dan promosi) dan nilai penjualan. Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis korelasi spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kisaran nilai koefisien korelasi spearman yang tertinggi berada pada bauran pemasaran harga yaitu sebesar 0,655 yang berarti bahwa keeratan hubungan antara bauran pemasaran (harga) dengan nilai penjualan bibit jati memiliki hubungan yang kuat. Sedangkan nilai koefisien korelasi spearman yang terendah berada pada bauran pemasaran promosi yaitu 0,136 yang berarti bahwa hubungan yang terjadi antara bauran pemasaran (promosi) dengan nilai penjualan bibit jati tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan karena nilai koefisien korelasi yang dihasilkan menunjukkan hubungan yang sangat rendah atau lemah.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE JIGSAW TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS SISWA SMA
Authors: Septian Ari , Gustiana Mahmud , Wulandari Dwi Arlita Pratiwi
Published: August 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa, sikap siswa, dan hubungan antara sikap siswa dengan peningkatan kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa. Metode yang digunakan quasi experiment dan desain penelitian nonequivalent control group design. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMAN 1 Sukaresmi dengan populasi seluruh siswa kelas X. Pengambilan sempelnya menggunakan teknik purposive sampling sehingga diperoleh kelas X-2 sebagai kelas kontrol dan kelas X-5 sebagai kelas eksperimen. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu instrumen tes (uraian) dan instrumen non tes (angket sikap). Data diolah dengan menggunakan software IBM SPSS Statistics versi 20 untuk uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, uji kesamaan/perbedaan dua rata-rata dan korelasi Spearman Rho. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa yang belajar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Jigsaw lebih baik daripada siswa yang belajar dengan pembelajaran konvensional, hampir seluruhnya siswa bersikap positif terhadap model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Jigsaw, dan terdapat korelasi positif antara sikap siswa terhadap penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Jigsaw dengan peningkatan kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa.
Investigation of geometrical parameters in screw surfaces whirling process
Authors: Diachun Andriy , Vasylkiv Vasyl , Korol Oleg , Myhailiuk Volodymyr , Golovatyi Ivan , Kuras Andriy
Published: August 2021

The investigation of the parameters in screw surfaces whirling process is presented. The equation of the trajectory of relative movement of the workpiece and the cutter in parametric form taking into account the movement of the whirling ring along the workpiece is obtained. Appropriate graphs are plotted, which allow to make the conclusion that increasing the rotational speed of the whirling ring results the decrease in the thickness of the metal layer, which is cut during one period of contact between the workpiece and the cutter. It is also show on the graphs that the ratio between the rotational speeds of the whirling ring and the workpiece is decisive. The greater this ratio, the smaller the thickness of the cut layer. The obtained equations make it possible, using the appropriate application software, to determine and predict the shape and thickness of the material cut layers in the cylindrical workpiece by each cutter in whirling ring based on plotted graphs, visually observe the change of trajectory movement when changing cutting conditions and machined surface parameters.
Dynamics of regular microrelief formation on internal cylindric surfaces
Authors: Dzyura Volodymyr
Published: August 2021

An analysis of modern literature sources to search for mathematical models describing the dynamics of the process of forming a regular microrelief on the inner cylindrical surface of parts, gas transmission equipment operating in severe operating conditions, in order to increase their life. It is established that there are no mathematical models describing this process and the peculiarities of its implementation under the point action of the deforming element on the workpiece surface. The molding movements accompanying the process of forming a regular microrelief on the inner cylindrical surface of the workpiece are considered and the driving forces that accompany this process are analyzed. A mathematical model of dynamic process of regular microrelief formation on internal cylindric surface of the part has been developed. The process of formation is a unique one as it occurs due to the concentrated force whose point of application varies in radial and axial directions relative to the part. Thus, the action has been described by the mathematical model with discrete right-hand side. This action is proposed to be simulated by Dirac delta functions of linear and time variables using the method of regularization of the specific features under discussion. These peculiar features have been described by the conventional methods of integrating of correspondent nonlinear mathematical models of longitudinal and lateral vibrations of the part. The analytical dependencies describing these vibrations have been obtained based on the initial data. Using Maple software, 3D changes in the torsion angle depending on different output values are constructed. The conducted researches will allow to consider torsional fluctuations that is especially actual for long cylindrical details, such as sleeves of hydraulic cylinders, details of drilling mechanisms and others.
Ensuring the Required Potable Water Temperature in Water Pipeline Inside Buildings
Authors: Macková Dominika , Peráčková Jana
Published: August 2021

The paper deals with the requirements of the potable water cold temperature and water exchange in water piping system inside buildings. The contribution describes the main factors influencing the hygiene of potable water in terms of its temperature and a exchange in the pipeline. In buildings, the resulting water hygienic risks can be reduced using the right technical solution. The technical measures described in the paper are usage of the automatic water flushing system, design of the potable water cold circulation and cooling system and optimization of the water pipeline distribution system inside buildings.
Improving Wheelset Stability of Railway Vehicles by Using an H∞/LPV Active Wheelset System
Authors: Vu Van Tan , Tran Van Da , Truong Manh Hung , Sename Oliver , Gaspar Peter
Published: August 2021

The complexity of railway vehicle structures has been part of an evolutionary process for almost two hundred years. Challenges such as increased weight, increased maintenance, higher costs and energy consumption have become common. The vision for future railway vehicles is to reduce complexity, hence enable simpler structures and reduce maintenance and cost, and of course various research challenges arise from this. In fact, a number of papers in the railway engineering literature have presented practical ways to control steering of railway vehicles to improve performance. The model of the railway wheelset is highly nonlinear, mainly due to the nature of the wheelset structure and the related wheel-rail contact forces involved during operation. In this paper, the simplest design in terms of retrofitting, the actuated solid-axle wheelset is considered, we investigate actively controlled wheelsets from a Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) control aspect. We use the grid-based LPV approach to synthesize the H∞ / LPV controller, which is self-scheduled by the forward velocity, as well as the longitudinal and lateral creep coefficients. The aim of the controller is to reduce the lateral displacement and yaw angle of the wheelset. Simulation results show that the proposed controller ensures the achievement of the above targets in the considered frequency domain up to 100 rad/s.
MOTHERHOOD EXPERIENCE: ADOPTIVE AND BIOLOGICAL MOTHERS
Authors: Lakhvich Yulia F.
Published: August 2021

To become a mother … To be a mother … What does it mean for a woman? And what else changes her life so irreversibly, allows to see the world in a different way and discovers new, earlier unknown features? Probably, nothing does. However, there is also a question how a woman bearing a child and carrying out motherhood responsibilities and a woman who has not given life to a child, but carrying out the same responsibilities, goes through the process of motherhood. It is one of the questions that was studied in a comparative research of the adaptation process in the Belarusian adoptive and biological families in case of a child appearing in the family. The study involved 64 adoptive and 62 biological mothers.
Thus, what are the differences revealed in the study between adoptive and biological mothers?
To begin with, the differences were found in how mothers from both groups evaluate the nature of their personal child acceptance and its acceptance by other family members.
SELF ASSESSMENT FOR HIGHER LANGUAGE LEARNERS’ AUTONOMY
Authors: Hati Gita Mutiara , Yunita Wisma , Dewi Anggun Citra Sari
Published: August 2021

The objective of this research is to describe how the use of self-assessment could improve learners’ autonomy. This study employed an action research design involving freshmen of English Education Study Program University of Bengkulu as the subject of the research. This action research was conducted in the Intensive English Course. The cycle of research consisted of plan, action, observation, and reflection. The cycle consisted of fifteen meetings covering four themes of materials. During the meetings, students were instructed to do self-assessment guided by the instructor after they have finished learning each theme. The indicator of success for this research was at least 25% students were categorized as having Very High level of autonomy, while the rest were at High level of autonomy. To measure the level of learners’ autonomy, a questionnaire was used. The questionnaire covers nine aspects of autonomy with the total fifty items. It was given to the subject at the end of the cycle. From the analyzed data, it was found that after only conducting one cycle of the action research, the indicator of success in this research was achieved. Hence, there was no need to continue it to the second cycle. From the result, 30% of students were categorized as having Very High Learning Autonomy.
The Correlation Between Gravitational Constant and Distance from Matter
Authors: Soltani Abolfazl
Published: August 2021

Here I show that we are able to consider a large value for the gravitational constant, G, at the vicinity of matter (r<1Å). Today physics and chemistry extremely need to this choice. By considering a large value for G, at the vicinity of matter, the stability of atom and atomic and molecular bonds can be explained by a different method. In this article, I prove that the value of vacuum permittivity, at the vicinity of a charged particle (r<1Å), is larger than its present value. Moreover, in this article, it is proved that Spacetime lines interact with electric field lines. Also, here I obtain a new equation (not a new value) for a very important constant, namely the fine-structure constant, with the presence of the gravitational constant, G. Most of physicists believe that the fine structure constant might hold the clues to the Grand Unified Theory.
Hubungan Pemberian Makanan Pendamping Asi (Mp-Asi) Pada Bayi Usia 0-6 Bulan dengan Gangguan Sistem Pencernaan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Perawatan Kairatu Tahun 2020
Authors: Harmiyati Harmiyati , Tunny Ira Sandi , Wael Fatma Reni
Published: August 2021

Makanan pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) dini merupakan peralihan asupan yang semata berbasis susu menuju makanan semi padat pada usia 0-6 bulan, pengenalan pemberian MP-ASI harus dilakukan secara bertahap baik bentuk maupun jumlahnya, sesuai dengan kemampuan pencernaan bayi atau anak. Tujuan pada penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahuai “Hubungan Pemberian Makanan Pendamping Asi (MP-ASI) Pada Bayi Usia 0-6 Bulan Dengan Gangguan Sistem Pencernaan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Perawatan Hila Kecamatan Leihitu Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif analitik dengan penelitian cross sectional. Cara pengambilan sampel Dengan teknik sampling random dengan jumlah sampel 40 responden. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan ada hubungan Pemberian Makanan Pendamping Asi (MP-ASI) Dengan Gangguan Sistem Pencernaan nilai p < 0,05 atau = 0,000 dengan X2 hitung = (1.000) > X2 tabel (0.3120). Kesimpulannya bahwa ada hubungan pemberian makanan pendamping asi (MP-ASI) dengan gangguan sistem pencernaan di wilayah kerja puskesmas perawatan hila.

Kata kunci: MP-ASI; gangguan sistem pencernaan
Pendampingan Program Pengembangan Ekowisata Mangrove dengan Kegiatan Konservasi Lingkungan
Authors: Khambali Khambali , Rachmaniyah Rachmaniyah , Rokhmalia Fitri
Published: August 2021

Ecotourism or Nature Tourism is a tourism activity that is responsible for unspoiled areas that are managed according to natural rules, with the aim of enjoying the beauty of nature which involves elements of education, understanding and support for efforts to conserve nature and increase income and welfare. The development of ecotourism in the form of sustainable tourism villages based on community empowerment is an effort to include the role of the community in tourism village activities known as "Community Based Development". The purpose of this program was to improve environmental health and insight in the field of environmental health and improve the quality of life of the community, especially the people of Wonorejo Village, Rungkut District, Surabaya City. Community service activities carried out in Mangrove Ecotourism were environmental conservation in the form of reforestation by planting trees and mangroves. Planting 3000 mangrove plants in the sea, providing plant seeds involving the Surabaya City Plantation and Park Service. Furthermore, it is recommended to conduct research on Pb levels, soil conditions and various types of plants to determine phytoremediation using plants. It is also necessary to periodically evaluate the function of mangroves that have been planted.

Keywords: ecotourism; mangroves; environmental conservation

ABSTRAK

Ekowisata atau Wisata Alam adalah kegiatan pariwisata yang bertanggung jawab atas kawasan yang masih alami yang dikelola sesuai kaidah alam, dengan tujuan menikmati keindahan alam yang melibatkan unsur edukasi, pemahaman dan dukungan bagi upaya pelestarian alam serta peningkatan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan. Pengembangan ekowisata berupa desa wisata secara berkelanjutan berbasis pemberdayaan masyarakat merupakan upaya memasukkan peran masyarakat dalam kegiatan desa wisata yang dikenal dengan istilah “Community Based Development”. Tujuan dari program ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kesehatan lingkungan dan wawasan dalam bidang kesehatan lingkungan serta meningkatkan kualitas hidup masyarakat khususnya masyarakat Desa Wonorejo, Kecamatan Rungkut, Kota Surabaya. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan dalam Ekowisata Mangrove yaitu pelestarian lingkungan berupa reboisasi dengan penanaman pohon dan mangrove. Penanaman 3000 tanaman mangrove di laut, pemberian bibit tanaman melibatkan Dinas Perkebunan dan Pertamanan Kota Surabaya. Selanjutnya direkomendasikan penelitian tentang uji kadar Pb, kondisi lahan dan berbagai jenis tumbuhan untuk menentukan fitoremediasi menggunakan tumbuhan. Diperlukan juga evaluasi secara berkala terhadap fungsi mangrove yang telah ditanam.

Kata kunci: ekowisata; mangrove; konservasi lingkungan
ING2 Controls Mitochondrial Respiration via Modulating MRPL12 Ubiquitination in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells
Authors: Yang Ying , Li Chensheng , Gu Xia , Zhen Junhui , Zhu Suwei , Lv Tingting , Wan Qiang , Liu Yi
Published: August 2021

Mitochondrial injury of tubular epithelial cells (TECs) is the key pathogenic event underlying various kidney diseases and a potential intervening target as well. Our previous study demonstrated that ING2 is ubiquitously expressed at tubulointerstitial area within kidneys, while its role in regulating TEC mitochondrial respiration is not fully elucidated. To clarify the roles of ING2 in mitochondrial homeostasis of TECs and pathogenesis of acute ischemic kidney injury, Western blot, PCR, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and oxygen consumption rate assay were applied to address the roles of ING2 in modulating mitochondrial respiration. We further complemented these studies with acute ischemic kidney injury both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro study demonstrated ING2 could positively control TEC mitochondrial respiration. Concurrently, both mRNA and protein levels of mtDNA encoded respiratory chain components were altered by ING2, suggesting ING2 could regulate mtDNA transcription. In mechanism, ING2 could regulate the ubiquitination of a newly identified mitochondrial transcription factor MRPL12, thereby modulating its cellular stability and abundance. We also demonstrated ING2-mediated modulation on mtDNA transcription and mitochondrial respiration are involved in serum deprivation induced TEC injuries. Finally, immunohistochemistry study revealed that ING2 expression was significantly altered in kidney biopsies with acute ischemic kidney injury. In vivo study suggested that kidney specific ING2 overexpression could effectively ameliorate acute ischemic kidney injury. Our study demonstrated that ING2 is a crucial modulator of TEC mitochondrial respiration. These findings suggested a unrecognized role of ING2 in TEC mitochondrial energetic homeostasis and a potential intervening target for TEC mitochondrial injury associated pathologies.
Proteinase Activated Receptors Mediate the Trypsin-Induced Ca2 + Signaling in Human Uterine Epithelial Cells
Authors: Shmygol Anatoliy , Brosens Jan J.
Published: August 2021

Embryo implantation is a complex and tightly regulated process. In humans, uterine luminal epithelium functions as a biosensor gauging the embryo quality and transmitting this information to the underlying endometrial stromal cells. This quality control ensures that only high quality embryos are implanted, while aberrant ones are rejected. The mechanisms of the embryo-uterine mucosa crosstalk remain incompletely understood. Trypsin, a serine protease secreted by the blastocyst, has been implicated in the cross-signaling. Here we address the mechanisms by which trypsin triggers the intracellular calcium signaling in uterine epithelium. We found that protease-activated G-protein coupled receptors are the main mechanism mediating the effects of trypsin in human uterine epithelium. In addition, trypsin activates the epithelial sodium channels thus increasing the intracellular Na+concentration and promoting Ca2+entry on the reverse mode of the sodium/calcium exchanger.
The Zebrafish Meiotic Cohesin Complex Protein Smc1b Is Required for Key Events in Meiotic Prophase I
Authors: Islam Kazi Nazrul , Modi Maitri Mitesh , Siegfried Kellee Renee
Published: August 2021

The eukaryotic structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) proteins are involved in key processes of chromosome structure and dynamics. SMC1β was identified as a component of the meiotic cohesin complex in vertebrates, which aids in keeping sister chromatids together prior to segregation in meiosis II and is involved in association of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I. The role of SMC1β in meiosis has primarily been studied in mice, where mutant male and female mice are infertile due to germ cell arrest at pachytene and metaphase II stages, respectively. Here, we investigate the function of zebrafish Smc1b to understand the role of this protein more broadly in vertebrates. We found that zebrafish smc1b is necessary for fertility and has important roles in meiosis, yet has no other apparent roles in development. Therefore, smc1b functions primarily in meiosis in both fish and mammals. In zebrafish, we showed that smc1b mutant spermatocytes initiated telomere clustering in leptotene, but failed to complete this process and progress into zygotene. Furthermore, mutant spermatocytes displayed a complete failure of synapsis between homologous chromosomes and homolog pairing only occurred at chromosome ends. Interestingly, meiotic DNA double strand breaks occurred in the absence of Smc1b despite failed pairing and synapsis. Overall, our findings point to an essential role of Smc1b in the leptotene to zygotene transition during zebrafish spermatogenesis. In addition, ovarian follicles failed to form in smc1b mutants, suggesting an essential role in female meiosis as well. Our results indicate that there are some key differences in Smc1b requirement in meiosis among vertebrates: while Smc1b is not required for homolog pairing and synapsis in mice, it is essential for these processes in zebrafish.
SYMPK Is Required for Meiosis and Involved in Alternative Splicing in Male Germ Cells
Authors: Wu Rui , Zhan Junfeng , Zheng Bo , Chen Zhen , Li Jianbo , Li Changrong , Liu Rong , Zhang Xinhua , Huang Xiaoyan , Luo Mengcheng
Published: August 2021

SYMPK is a scaffold protein that supports polyadenylation machinery assembly on nascent transcripts and is also involved in alternative splicing in some mammalian somatic cells. However, the role of SYMPK in germ cells remains unknown. Here, we report that SYMPK is highly expressed in male germ cells, and germ cell-specific knockout (cKO) of Sympk in mouse leads to male infertility. Sympk cKODdx4–cre mice showed reduced spermatogonia at P4 and almost no germ cells at P18. Sympk cKOStra8–Cre spermatocytes exhibit defects in homologous chromosome synapsis, DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, and meiotic recombination. RNA-Seq analyses reveal that SYMPK is associated with alternative splicing, besides regulating the expressions of many genes in spermatogenic cells. Importantly, Sympk deletion results in abnormal alternative splicing and a decreased expression of Sun1. Taken together, our results demonstrate that SYMPK is pivotal for meiotic progression by regulating pre-mRNA alternative splicing in male germ cells.
New Alkaloids From a Hawaiian Fungal Strain Aspergillus felis FM324
Authors: Wang Cong , Sarotti Ariel M. , Zaman KH Ahammad Uz , Wu Xiaohua , Cao Shugeng
Published: August 2021

Two new alkaloids tryptoquivaline Y (1) and pseurotin I (2), together with eight known compounds (3–10), were purified from a fungal strain Aspergillus felis FM324, which was isolated from a Hawaiian beach soil sample. The absolute configuration and physicochemical data of tryptoquivaline Z (3) were reported for the first time here in this paper. Compound 1 is an uncommon tryptoquivaline analog containing a 3-O-isobutanoyl group. The structures of the new compounds 1–2 and known compound 3 were elucidated through HRESIMS, NMR spectroscopy and ECD analysis. All the compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative, antibacterial and NF-κB inhibitory activities. Compound 4 showed weak antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with the same MIC value of 59.2 µM. Compounds 3 and 2 inhibited NF-κB with IC50 values of 26.7 and 30.9 μM, respectively.
Moving Beyond the Native-Speaker Bias in the Analysis of Variable Gender Marking
Authors: Gudmestad Aarnes , Edmonds Amanda , Metzger Thomas
Published: August 2021

In the current study, we respond to calls for reform in second language acquisition that center on the field’s preoccupation with native-speaker and prescriptive targets as a benchmark for additional-language learning. In order to address these concerns, we examine the use and development of grammatical gender marking in additional-language Spanish in a prescriptive-independent manner. Specifically, we depart from previous analyses that have centered on accuracy and targetlikeness and we shift the object of analysis to the linguistic forms (i.e., feminine and masculine modifiers) that additional-language participants use. We adopt a variationist approach to explain how participants vary their use of modifier gender and how this use changes longitudinally. We argue that such an approach to studying additional languages allows us to offer new insights about the acquisition of grammatical gender marking in additional-language Spanish. We end by critically reflecting on some of the challenges that we encountered in trying to integrate this paradigm shift into the examination of a well-studied grammatical structure.
Multi_Scale_Tools: A Python Library to Exploit Multi-Scale Whole Slide Images
Authors: Marini Niccolò , Otálora Sebastian , Podareanu Damian , van Rijthoven Mart , van der Laak Jeroen , Ciompi Francesco , Müller Henning , Atzori Manfredo
Published: August 2021

Algorithms proposed in computational pathology can allow to automatically analyze digitized tissue samples of histopathological images to help diagnosing diseases. Tissue samples are scanned at a high-resolution and usually saved as images with several magnification levels, namely whole slide images (WSIs). Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) represent the state-of-the-art computer vision methods targeting the analysis of histopathology images, aiming for detection, classification and segmentation. However, the development of CNNs that work with multi-scale images such as WSIs is still an open challenge. The image characteristics and the CNN properties impose architecture designs that are not trivial. Therefore, single scale CNN architectures are still often used. This paper presents Multi_Scale_Tools, a library aiming to facilitate exploiting the multi-scale structure of WSIs. Multi_Scale_Tools currently include four components: a pre-processing component, a scale detector, a multi-scale CNN for classification and a multi-scale CNN for segmentation of the images. The pre-processing component includes methods to extract patches at several magnification levels. The scale detector allows to identify the magnification level of images that do not contain this information, such as images from the scientific literature. The multi-scale CNNs are trained combining features and predictions that originate from different magnification levels. The components are developed using private datasets, including colon and breast cancer tissue samples. They are tested on private and public external data sources, such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The results of the library demonstrate its effectiveness and applicability. The scale detector accurately predicts multiple levels of image magnification and generalizes well to independent external data. The multi-scale CNNs outperform the single-magnification CNN for both classification and segmentation tasks. The code is developed in Python and it will be made publicly available upon publication. It aims to be easy to use and easy to be improved with additional functions.
Septaly Oriented Mild Aortic Regurgitant Jets Negatively Influence Left Ventricular Blood Flow—Insights From 4D Flow MRI Animal Study
Authors: Cesarovic Nikola , Weisskopf Miriam , Kron Mareike , Glaus Lukas , Peper Eva S. , Buoso Stefano , Suendermann Simon , Canic Marko , Falk Volkmar , Kozerke Sebastian , Emmert Maximilian Y. , Stoeck Christian T.
Published: August 2021

Objectives: Paravalvular leakage (PVL) and eccentric aortic regurgitation remain a major clinical concern in patients receiving transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), and regurgitant volume remains the main readout parameter in clinical assessment. In this work we investigate the effect of jet origin and trajectory of mild aortic regurgitation on left ventricular hemodynamics in a porcine model.

Methods: A pig model of mild aortic regurgitation/PVL was established by transcatheter piercing and dilating the non-coronary (NCC) or right coronary cusp (RCC) of the aortic valve close to the valve annulus. The interaction between regurgitant blood and LV hemodynamics was assessed by 4D flow cardiovascular MRI.

Results: Six RCC, six NCC, and two control animals were included in the study and with one dropout in the NCC group, the success rate of model creation was 93%. Regurgitant jets originating from NCC were directed along the ventricular side of the anterior mitral leaflet and integrated well into the diastolic vortex forming in the left ventricular outflow tract. However, jets from the RCC were orientated along the septum colliding with flow within the vortex, and progressing down to the apex. As a consequence, the presence as well as the area of the vortex was reduced at the site of impact compared to the NCC group. Impairment of vortex formation was localized to the area of impact and not the entire vortex ring. Blood from the NCC jet was largely ejected during the following systole, whereas ejection of large portion of RCC blood was protracted.

Conclusions: Even for mild regurgitation, origin and trajectory of the regurgitant jet does cause a different effect on LV hemodynamics. Septaly oriented jets originating from RCC collide with the diastolic vortex, reduce its size, and reach the apical region of the left ventricle where blood resides extendedly. Hence, RCC jets display hemodynamic features which may have a potential negative impact on the long-term burden to the heart.
Study of Dental Caries and PTH Gene
Authors: Reis Caio Luiz Bitencourt , Barbosa Mariane Carolina Faria , de Lima Daniela Coelho , Madalena Isabela Ribeiro , Baratto-Filho Flares , Proff Peter , de Oliveira Daniela Silva Barroso , Paddenberg Eva , Küchler Erika Calvano , Kirschneck Christian
Published: August 2021

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is essential for calcium and phosphate homeostasis in odontogenesis-related cells. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene encoding PTH, and dental caries in Brazilian children. Three hundred and fifty-three children (170 boys and 183 girls, age ranging from 8 to 11 years old) were included in this study. The International System for Detection and Assessment of Carious Lesions (ICDAS) was used for diagnosis of dental caries. Visible biofilm was also evaluated during the clinical examination. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva for real-time PCR to evaluate the single nucleotide polymorphisms rs6256, rs307247 and rs694 in PTH gene. Dental caries was classified in ICDAS0 vs. ICDAS1−6 or ICDAS1−2 vs. ICDAS3−6. Chi-square test, binary logistic regression adjusted by biofilm and haplotype analyses were performed (p < 0.05). Biofilm was associated with dental caries (p < 0.05). There were no associations between dental caries and rs6256, rs307247, rs694 in none of the analyses performed (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the present study supports that the single nucleotide polymorphisms rs6256, rs307247, and rs694 in the PTH-encoding gene are not associated with dental caries in Brazilian children.
A Quantitative Method to Evaluate the Performance of Climate Models in Simulating Global Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Shen Yixuan , Sun Yuan , Zhong Zhong , Li Tim
Published: August 2021

The capability to reproduce tropical cyclones (TCs) realistically is important for climate models. A recent study proposed a method for quantitative evaluation of climate model simulations of TC track characteristics in a specific basin, which can be used to rank multiple climate models based on their performance. As an extension of this method, we propose a more comprehensive method here to evaluate the capability of climate models in simulating multi-faceted characteristics of global TCs. Compared with the original method, the new method considers the capability of climate models in simulating not only TC tracks but also TC intensity and frequency. Moreover, the new method is applicable to the global domain. In this study, we apply this method to evaluate the performance of eight climate models that participated in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. It is found that, for the overall performance of global TC simulations, the CSIRO Mk3.6.0 model performs the best, followed by GFDL CM3, MPI-ESM-LR, and MRI-CGCM3 models. Moreover, the capability of each of these models in simulating global TCs differs substantially over different ocean basins.
Case Report: Successful Control of Pulmonary Metastatic Pheochromocytoma With Iodine-125 Seed Implantation
Authors: Shi Hongbing , Wang Chao , Qiang Weiguang , Sun Bai , Wang Hao , Yuan Ye , Hu Wenwei
Published: August 2021

Pheochromocytoma with lung metastases is rare in clinics, and the prognosis of metastatic pheochromocytoma is generally poor. In this case, a 57-year-old woman who presented with hypertension and palpitations was diagnosed with left adrenal pheochromocytoma with lung metastasis in 2010. The patient received left adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma 10 years ago, but pulmonary lesions had significant progression 7 years ago. The patient was treated with iodine-125 (125I) seed implantation for pulmonary lesions. All of the 5 pulmonary lesions achieved partial response 6 months later, further shrank 1 year later, and were successfully controlled for 7 years. This case indicated that 125I seed implantation could be an alternative local therapy for metastatic pheochromocytoma in the lung.
Comparison of Efficiency and Cost of Methods for Conditioning of Slurries of Steam-Pretreated Softwood
Authors: Ilanidis Dimitrios , Stagge Stefan , Alriksson Björn , Cavka Adnan , Jönsson Leif J.
Published: August 2021

Inhibitors formed during pretreatment impair lignocellulose bioconversion by making enzymatic saccharification and microbial fermentation less efficient, but conditioning of slurries and hydrolysates can improve fermentability and sometimes also enzymatic digestibility. Conditioning of pretreated softwood using four industrial reducing agents (sodium sulfite, sodium dithionite, sodium borohydride, and hydrogen) was compared with standard methods, such as overliming and treatment with activated charcoal. A dosage of approx. 1 mM sulfur oxyanion (sulfite or dithionite) per percent water-insoluble solids (WIS) in the slurry was found to result in good fermentability. Treatment of 10–20% WIS slurries with 15 mM sulfur oxyanion under mild reaction conditions (23°C, pH 5.5) resulted in sulfonation of the solid phase and saccharification improvements of 18–24% for dithionite and 13–16% for sulfite. Among the different conditioning methods studied, treatment of slurries with sodium sulfite was superior with respect to cost-efficient improvement of fermentability. Treatments of slurry or pretreatment liquid with 15 mM sulfite or dithionite resulted in 58–76% reduction of the content of formaldehyde. The comparison indicates that conditioning of pretreated biomass using sulfur oxyanions warrants further attention.
Testing Predictions of Optimal Migration Theory in Migratory Bats
Authors: Clerc Jeff , Rogers Elizabeth J. , McGuire Liam P.
Published: August 2021

Optimal migration theory is a framework used to evaluate trade-offs associated with migratory strategies. Two strategies frequently considered by migration theory are time minimizing, whereby migration is completed as quickly as possible, and energy minimizing, whereby migration is completed as energetically efficiently as possible. Despite extensive literature dedicated to generating analytical predictions about these migratory strategies, identifying appropriate study systems to empirically test predictions is difficult. Theoretical predictions that compare migratory strategies are qualitative, and empirical tests require that both time-minimizers and energy-minimizers are present in the same population; spring migrating silver-haired (Lasionycteris noctivagans) and hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) provide such a system. As both species mate in the fall, spring-migrating males are thought to be energy-minimizers while females benefit from early arrival to summering grounds, and are thought to be time-minimizers. Thermoregulatory expression also varies between species during spring migration, as female silver-haired bats and males of both species use torpor while female hoary bats, which implant embryos earlier, are thought to avoid torpor use which would delay pregnancy. Based on optimal migration theory, we predicted that female silver-haired bats and hoary bats would have increased fuel loads relative to males and the difference between fuel loads of male and female hoary bats would be greater than the difference between male and female silver-haired bats. We also predicted that females of both species would have a greater stopover foraging proclivity and/or assimilate nutrients at a greater rate than males. We then empirically tested our predictions using quantitative magnetic resonance to measure fuel load, δ13C isotope breath signature analysis to assess foraging, and13C–labeled glycine to provide an indicator of nutrient assimilation rate. Optimal migration theory predictions of fuel load were supported, but field observations did not support the predicted refueling mechanisms, and alternatively suggested a reliance on increased fuel loads via carry-over effects. This research is the first to validate a migration theory prediction in a system of both time and energy minimizers and uses novel methodological approaches to uncover underlying mechanisms of migratory stopover use.
Loss of MAR1 Function is a Marker for Co-Selection of CRISPR-Induced Mutations in Plants
Authors: Rinne Jannis , Witte Claus-Peter , Herde Marco
Published: August 2021

In this study, we describe the establishment of the knockout marker gene MAR1 for selection of CRISPR/Cas9-edited Arabidopsis seedlings and tomato explants in tissue culture. MAR1 encodes a transporter that is located in mitochondria and chloroplasts and is involved in iron homeostasis. It also opportunistically transports aminoglycoside antibiotics into these organelles and defects of the gene render plants insensitive to those compounds. Here, we show that mutations of MAR1 induced by the CRISPR system confer kanamycin-resistance to Arabidopsis plants and tomato tissues. MAR1 is single-copy in a variety of plant species and the corresponding proteins form a distinct phylogenetic clade allowing easy identification of MAR1 orthologs in different plants. We demonstrate that in multiplexing approaches, where Arabidopsis seedlings were selected via a CRISPR/Cas9-induced kanamycin resistance mediated by MAR1 mutation, a mutation in a second target gene was observed with higher frequency than in a control population only selected for the presence of the transgene. This so called co-selection has not been shown before to occur in plants. The technique can be employed to select for edited plants, which might be particularly useful if editing events are rare.
PRICKLE1 × FOCAD Interaction Revealed by Genome-Wide vQTL Analysis of Human Facial Traits
Authors: Liu Dongjing , Ban Hyo-Jeong , El Sergani Ahmed M. , Lee Myoung Keun , Hecht Jacqueline T. , Wehby George L. , Moreno Lina M. , Feingold Eleanor , Marazita Mary L. , Cha Seongwon , Szabo-Rogers Heather L. , Weinberg Seth M. , Shaffer John R.
Published: August 2021

The human face is a highly complex and variable structure resulting from the intricate coordination of numerous genetic and non-genetic factors. Hundreds of genomic loci impacting quantitative facial features have been identified. While these associations have been shown to influence morphology by altering the mean size and shape of facial measures, their effect on trait variance remains unclear. We conducted a genome-wide association analysis for the variance of 20 quantitative facial measurements in 2,447 European individuals and identified several suggestive variance quantitative trait loci (vQTLs). These vQTLs guided us to conduct an efficient search for gene-by-gene (G × G) interactions, which uncovered an interaction between PRICKLE1 and FOCAD affecting cranial base width. We replicated this G × G interaction signal at the locus level in an additional 5,128 Korean individuals. We used the hypomorphic Prickle1Beetlejuice (Prickle1Bj) mouse line to directly test the function of Prickle1 on the cranial base and observed wider cranial bases in Prickle1Bj/Bj. Importantly, we observed that the Prickle1 and Focadhesin proteins co-localize in murine cranial base chondrocytes, and this co-localization is abnormal in the Prickle1Bj/Bj mutants. Taken together, our findings uncovered a novel G × G interaction effect in humans with strong support from both epidemiological and molecular studies. These results highlight the potential of studying measures of phenotypic variability in gene mapping studies of facial morphology.