bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survival Analysis Without Sharing of Individual Patient Data by Using a Gaussian Copula
Authors: Bonofiglio Federico
Published: July 2024

Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier estimations are often needed in clinical research and this requires access to individual patient data (IPD). However, IPD cannot always be shared because of privacy or proprietary restrictions, which complicates the making of such estimations. We propose a method that generates pseudodata replacing the IPD by only sharing non‐disclosive aggregates such as IPD marginal moments and a correlation matrix. Such aggregates are collected by a central computer and input as parameters to a Gaussian copula (GC) that generates the pseudodata. Survival inferences are computed on the pseudodata as if it were the IPD. Using practical examples we demonstrate the utility of the method, via the amount of IPD inferential content recoverable by the GC. We compare GC to a summary‐based meta‐analysis and an IPD bootstrap distributed across several centers. Other pseudodata approaches are also considered. In the empirical results, GC approximates the utility of the IPD bootstrap although it might yield more conservative inferences and it might have limitations in subgroup analyses. Overall, GC avoids many legal problems related to IPD privacy or property while enabling approximation of common IPD survival analyses otherwise difficult to conduct. Sharing more IPD aggregates than is currently practiced could facilitate “second purpose”‐research and relax concerns regarding IPD access.
Distribution‐free multivariate process monitoring: A rank‐energy statistic‐based approach
Authors: Chakraborty Niladri , Finkelstein Maxim
Published: July 2024

In this paper, a multivariate process monitoring scheme based on the rank‐energy statistics is proposed which is suitable for high‐dimensional applications such as sensorless drive diagnosis. The rank‐energy statistic is based on multivariate ranks that is grounded on the measure transportation theory. Univariate ranks could be interpreted as a solution to an optimisation problem involving a given set of observations of size and the set {}. Recently, attaining greater robustness than spatial sign or depth‐based ranks, multivariate ranks are proposed as solutions to such optimisation problem in multivariate settings (measure transportation problem). The proposed multivariate process monitoring scheme based on the rank‐energy statistic, subsequently, attains greater robustness than existing nonparametric multivariate process monitoring methods based on spatial sign or depth‐based ranks. The proposed method is also applicable to high‐dimensional data unlike some of the existing nonparametric multivariate process monitoring methods. A rigorous simulation study demonstrates its effective shift detection ability and other important features. A practical application of the proposed method is demonstrated with the sensorless drive diagnosis case study.
Effects of 2D hydrodynamic model resolution on habitat estimates for rearing Coho Salmon in contrasting channel forms
Authors: Smit Reuben B. , Goodman Damon H. , Boyce Josh , Som Nicholas A.
Published: July 2024

Estimating the impacts of water allocation decisions on fish populations and habitat availability is an important part of environmental flow assessments, especially in locations where water resources are limited. Two‐dimensional hydrodynamic models (2DHMs) are commonly coupled with biological models to estimate fish habitat quality, area, and capacity across a range of proposed streamflows. Increasingly, resource managers are relying on landscape‐scale model domains with coarse model resolutions to maintain feasible computational loads, but this may affect habitat estimates if the mesh element size of the model exceeds the spatial scale relevant to the organism. We investigated how coarsening the resolution of a 2DHM influences the area and spatial distribution of estimated Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) fry habitats. We used an interpolation scheme that upscaled mesh elements from a high‐resolution (0.25 m2) 2DHM to quantify and visualize the effects of 2DHM resolution on estimates of Coho Salmon fry habitat for two contrasting channel morphologies and across a broad range of streamflows. Estimates of Coho Salmon fry habitat at increasingly coarser resolutions led to 20%–50% reductions in weighted usable habitat area (WUA) across several streamflow scenarios for a complex channel type, but did not impact estimates in a confined, flume‐like channel. Additionally, flow‐to‐habitat area relationships were not congruent at a given streamflow when resolution coarsened. Along with almost 500% more high‐quality habitat area estimated in the complex channel type over the confined, discrepancies in habitat area increased with higher flows in areas defined as optimal for rearing Coho Salmon fry. Considering that complex channel types contain critical habitat for Coho Salmon fry, this study suggests coarse 2DHM resolutions may exclude important wetted edge and off‐channel habitats from environmental flow assessments.
Are we on the same wavelength? Interdimensional signal set and crowdfunding success
Authors: Kulkarni Ankita , Tzabbar Daniel , Lo Jade Y.
Published: July 2024

Research Summary

Using data from 1899 Kickstarter campaigns (2009–2019), we examine the impact of simultaneous emission of interdimensional signals of human capital and social causes on crowdfunding campaign success. We argue and demonstrate that backers respond positively to human capital signals, as reflected by prior work and entrepreneurial experiences, as they communicate the competencies of the entrepreneurs. Conversely, signaling a high level of commitment to social causes communicates competing demands, thereby reducing entrepreneurs' ability to secure funding. Moreover, when emitted jointly, interaction of these two signals negatively affects campaign success. Our theory and findings provide nuanced insights regarding simultaneously emitted interdimensional signals in crowdfunding context with a structured incentive system, thereby increasing our understanding about the ambiguous nature of bundling human capital with high social cause signals.

Managerial Summary

When evaluating new ventures in the public sphere, potential backers simultaneously process the complex information emitted by founders (i.e., signals). These signals communicate the unobservable qualities of the founders. In this article, we investigate the independent and joint effects of two signals on crowdfunding campaign outcomes: founder's human capital and their commitment to social causes. We show that while human capital increases campaign success, a high commitment to social cause decreases this likelihood. We further demonstrate that when these two signals are emitted simultaneously, balancing issues between the signals reduce the chances of attaining campaign success in crowdfunding. These findings emphasize the importance for crowdfunding founders and campaign designers to communicate coherent and well aligned signals to ensure campaign success.
Conjugation Linked PEDOT:PSS with Low Impedance and High Stretchability for Epidermal Electrophysiology
Authors: Tie Yuan , Li Yiming , Xiao Xixi , Li Weizhen , Zhao Yaru , Yang Ruhe , Wang Yi‐Xuan , Hu Wenping
Published: July 2024

Long‐term epidermal recording of bioelectricity is of paramount importance for personal health monitoring. It requires stretchable and dry film electrodes that can be seamlessly integrated with skin. The simultaneous achievement of high conductivity and skin‐like ductility of conducting materials is a prerequisite for reliable signal transduction at the dynamic interface, which is also the bottleneck of epidermal electrophysiology. Here, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are introduced as “conjugation linkers” into a topologically plasticized conducting polymer (PEDOT:PSS). A thin‐film electrode with high conductivity (≈3250 S cm−1) and high stretchability (crack‐onset strain>100%) is obtained. In particular, the conjugation linker enables the high volumetric capacitance and the low film resistance, both of which synergically reduce the interfacial impedance. The capabilities of this electrode is further demonstrated in the precise recording of various electrophysiological signals.
Gut Microbiota Regulate Saturated Free Fatty Acid Metabolism in Heart Failure
Authors: Tuerhongjiang Gulinigaer , Guo Manyun , Qiao Xiangrui , Liu Junhui , Xi Wen , Wei Yuanyuan , Liu Peining , Lou Bowen , Wang Chen , Sun Lizhe , Yuan Xiao , Liu Hui , Xiong Ying , Ma Yunlong , Li Hongbing , Zhou Bo , Li Lijuan , Yuan Zuyi , Wu Yue , She Jianqing
Published: July 2024

Aims: Heart failure (HF) is associated with profound changes in cardiac metabolism. At present, there is still a lack of relevant research to explore the key microbiome and their metabolites affecting the progression of HF. Herein, the interaction of gut microbiota and circulating free fatty acid (FFA) in HF patients and mice is investigated. Methods and Results: In HF patients, by applying metagenomics analysis and targeted FFA metabolomics, enriched abundance of Clostridium sporogenes (C.sp) in early and late stage of HF patients, which negatively correlated to saturated free fatty acid (SFA) levels, is identified. KEGG analysis further indicates microbiota gene enrichment in FFA degradation in early HF, and decreased gene expression in FFA synthesis in late HF. In HF mice (C57BL/6J) induced by isoproterenol (ISO), impaired intestinal permeability is observed, and decreased fecal C.sp and increased SFA are further validated. At last, by supplementing C.sp to ISO‐induced HF mice, the cardiac function, fibrosis, and myocardial size are partially rescued, together with decreased circulating SFA levels. Conclusions: Clostridium abundance is increased in HF, compensating cardiac function deterioration via downregulation of circulating SFA levels. The results demonstrate that the gut microbiota–SFA axis plays an important role in HF protection, which may provide a strategic advantage for the probiotic therapy development in HF.
High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography–Based Standardization of Stigmasterol in Moringa oleifera: Method Development and Validation Through Design of Experiment Approach
Authors: Kunchanur Mahantesh , Mannur Vinodhkumar S. , Koli Rahul
Published: July 2024

The primary objective of this investigation was to develop and validate a robust reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) method for quantifying stigmasterol in both Moringa oleifera powder and tablets. The analysis was conducted using a Box–Behnken design. Stigmasterol separation was achieved with a Phenomenex Luna C‐18 column (4.6 × 150 mm2, 5 µm) and a mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.1% formic acid in an 80:20% v/v ratio. The separation was performed at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, and stigmasterol was detected at a wavelength of 210 nm using a photodiode array detector. Method validation followed the guidelines set forth by the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) Q2 (R1). This rigorous validation process evaluated critical parameters, including linearity, accuracy, system suitability, precision, and robustness. The results for each parameter were well within the acceptable range, confirming the reliability and efficacy of the established RP‐HPLC method. The findings of this study highlight the potential of the RP‐HPLC method as a dependable tool for the routine analysis of stigmasterol in herbal formulations.
Structure and Digestibility of Spray‐Dried Corn Starch: Influence of Post‐Treatments
Authors: Shang Jiaqi , Hu Zhiqing , Wang Peizhuang , Zhang Li , Zhou Jiang , Ren Lili
Published: July 2024

Resistant starch (RS) has being attracted attention due to its health benefits. In this study, combination of spray drying and post‐treatments is adopted to prepare post‐treated spray‐dried corn starch (PSDCS) with high content of RS. Effect of post‐treatment conditions on structural and digestive properties of the PSDCS is investigated. Relative humidity can alter the ordered structures of the PSDCSs due to changes in equilibrium moisture content. When fixing relative humidity at 33%, improvements in short‐range structure and long‐range crystalline structure of the PSDCS obtained at alternant temperature of 4/30 °C (12 h/12 h) are better than those of the PSDCSs obtained at other temperatures. The highest content of RS (29.97%) is found in the PSDCS obtained at 4/30 °C, which is approximately 3.3 times of native corn starch and 5.6 times of spray‐dried corn starch. These findings demonstrate feasibility of preparation of starch products with lower digestibility using spray drying combined with post‐treatments and lay the groundwork for the production and application of products with high content of RS.
Cut the CRAAP: Replacing vertical evaluation with lateral reading
Authors: Kamela Mary
Published: July 2024

This chapter discusses the history of source evaluation methods within the ever‐changing field of information literacy, including a critical assessment of one popular approach, the CRAAP Test. The author then endorses an alternative approach, lateral reading, which encourages students to engage more deeply when evaluating digital resources in an online information environment. Strategies for incorporating lateral reading into higher‐education information literacy instruction are also included.
Digital literacy as an environmental ethics of information: A case study for the age of large language models
Authors: Bernhardt Laura M.
Published: July 2024

This essay uses an example of a library instruction exercise in which otherwise competent online searching goes wrong as a springboard for reconceptualizing digital literacy as an environmental ethics of information. This reconceptualization is presented as a corrective measure for teachers and students grappling with the uses and misuses of AI tools and search technologies.
Fetal rhabdomyoma in a Thoroughbred filly
Authors: Rapezzano Giulia , Foote Alastair , Petrini Filippo , Pereira Regina , Marcatili Marco
Published: July 2024

A newborn Thoroughbred filly presented with a large mass located on the ventro‐rostral aspect of the mandible. The mass was surgically removed under general anaesthesia. Upon gross examination, the mass was well circumscribed with a heterogeneous lobulated appearance. The results of histopathology and immunohistochemistry were consistent with a diagnosis of congenital fetal rhabdomyoma. On follow‐up at six months post‐surgical excision, no abnormalities were noted on clinical examination.
Acquired uretero‐jejunal fistula following surgical excision of a subcutaneous, metastatic mast cell tumour in a dog
Authors: Heathcote Natalie , Frezoulis Petros S. , Shimizu Naomi
Published: July 2024

An 8‐year‐old, female, neutered labrador retriever presented for surgical excision of a subcutaneous mast cell tumour and extirpation of the right inguinal and right medial iliac lymph nodes. Histology confirmed a completely excised, low mitotic count subcutaneous mast cell tumour with lymph node metastasis. Vinblastine and prednisolone were administered as adjunctive chemotherapy. Six weeks post‐operatively, the dog presented dehydrated, tachycardic and pyrexic, with haematochezia, vomiting and abdominal pain. Coeliotomy revealed a communication between the jejunum and the proximal right ureter, with no obvious aetiology identified. Right ureteronephrectomy was performed, with debridement and closure of the affected jejunum. Histopathology reported a subacute to chronic neutrophilic and necrohaemorrhagic pyelonephritis and haemolytic Escherichia coli, resistant to amoxicillin clavulanate, was cultured. The dog recovered and re‐started the chemotherapy protocol following restaging 2 months post‐operatively. Unfortunately, 7 weeks after starting this protocol, the patient developed acute necrotising pancreatitis following dietary indiscretion and was electively euthanased.
Surgical and medical complications following perineal urethrostomy in a goat
Authors: Angell Joseph W. , Duncan Jennifer S. , Hamer Kim
Published: July 2024

Perineal urethrostomy was carried out in a Golden Guernsey goat to relieve urethral obstruction associated with urethral calculi. The surgery was successful, but post‐surgical complications developed, including haemorrhage and failure of the penile stump to heal. Revision surgeries were carried out with a successful surgical resolution. Bacterial cystitis subsequently developed, and Proteus spp. and Trueperella pyogenes were identified. Treatment of the bacterial cystitis proved challenging, and intense management was required. Survival post‐surgery was over 3.5 years.
Cyanotic heart disease due to a hypoplastic right ventricle with pulmonary valve atresia, an intact ventricular septum, with atrial level shunting in a day‐old Arabian foal
Authors: Köster Liza S. , McCormick Karen , Hayes Nicholas , Liu Michelle
Published: July 2024

An 8‐h‐old Arabian foal was presented for evaluation of progressive weakness since birth. The foal presented laterally recumbent with pale and muddy mucous membranes, a grade III/VI left basilar murmur, and an irregularly, irregular rhythm. Transthoracic echocardiogram along with an electrocardiogram (EKG) was performed. Atrial fibrillation was recorded throughout the examination. The left and right atria were both significantly enlarged. A right to left shunt across the atrial septum was confirmed via an intravenous injection of agitated saline. The tricuspid valve was rudimentary without apparent atrioventricular flow and no ventricular septal defect was appreciated. The animal was euthanased, and necropsy found dysplasia of the tricuspid valve, a hypoplastic right ventricle with pulmonary valve atresia, and an intact ventricular septum. This condition is similar, both haemodynamically and in terms of prognosis, to tricuspid atresia, which has been described previously in Arabian foals, with the exception that there is the complete absence of connection between the atrium and ventricle in the case of tricuspid atresia. Of 14 previously reported cases of tricuspid atresia in neonatal foals, nine were Arabian foals. Further investigation into the possibility of hypoplastic right ventricle as a familial condition in the Arabian breed should be considered.
A plea for urgent action: Addressing the critical shortage of cardiothoracic surgical workforce in the COSECSA region
Authors: Bekele Abebe , Alayande Barnabas Tobi , Gulilat Dereje , White Russell E. , Tefera Girma , Borgstein Eric
Published: July 2024

Background

The College of Surgeons of East, Central, and Southern Africa (COSECSA) comprises 14 countries, many of which currently grapple with an increasing burden of cardiothoracic surgical (CTS) diseases. Health and economic implications of unaddressed CTS conditions are profound and require a robust regional response. This study aimed to define the status of CTS specialist training in the region (including the density of specialists, facilities, and active training posts), examine implications, and proffer recommendations.

Methods

A desk review of COSECSA secretariat documents and program accreditation records triangulated with information from surgical societies was performed in May 2022 and September 2023 as part of education quality improvement. A modified nominal group process involving contextual experts was used to develop a relevant action framework.

Results

Only 6 of 14 (43%) of COSECSA countries offered active training programs with annual intake of only 18 trainees. Significant training gaps existed in Burundi, Botswana, Malawi, Rwanda, South Sudan, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Country specialist density ranged from 1 per 400,000 (Namibia) to 1 per 8,000,000 (Ethiopia). Overall, the region had 0.2 CTS specialists per million population as compared with 7.15 surgeons per million in High‐Income Countries. Surgical education experts proposed an action framework to address the training crisis including increasing investments in CTS education, establishing regional centers of excellence, retention incentives and opportunities for women, and leveraging international partnerships.

Conclusion

Proactive investments in infrastructure, human resources, training, and collaborative efforts by national governments, regional intergovernmental organizations, and international partners are critical to expanding regional CTS training.
Long‐term oncological outcomes of follicular thyroid cancer in adolescents and young adults: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: van de Berg Daniël J. , Mooij Christiaan F. , van Trotsenburg A. S. Paul , van Santen Hanneke M. , Terwisscha van Scheltinga Sheila C. E. J. , Vriens Menno R. , Kruijff Schelto , Nieveen van Dijkum Els J. M. , Engelsman Anton F. , Derikx Joep P. M.
Published: July 2024

Background

Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) is rare and data on long‐term oncological outcomes are scarce. This study aimed to describe the long‐term recurrence and survival rates of AYAs with FTC, and identify risk factors for recurrence.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study combining two national databases, including all patients aged 15–39 years, diagnosed with FTC in The Netherlands between 2000 and 2016. Age, sex, tumor size, focality, positive margins, angioinvasion, pT‐stage, and pN‐stage were included in a Cox proportional hazard model to identify risk factors for recurrence.

Results

We included 192 patients. Median age was 31.0 years (IQR 24.7–36.3) and the male to female ratio was 1:4.1. Most patients presented with a minimally invasive FTC (MI‐FTC) (95%). Five patients presented with synchronous metastases (2.6%), including two with locoregional metastases (1%) and three with distant metastases (1.6%). During a median follow‐up of 12.0 years, three patients developed a recurrence (1.6%), of which one patient developed a local recurrence (33%), and two patients a distant recurrence (67%). Five patients died during follow‐up (2.6%). Cause of death was not captured. A Cox proportional hazard model could not be performed due to the low number of recurrences.

Conclusions

FTC in AYAs is generally characterized as a low‐risk tumor, as it exhibits a very low recurrence rate, a high overall survival, and it typically presents as MI‐FTC without synchronous metastases. These findings underscore the favorable long‐term oncological prognosis of FTC in AYAs.
Deciphering brain cellular and behavioral mechanisms: Insights from single‐cell and spatial RNA sequencing
Authors: Chen Renrui , Nie Pengxing , Wang Jing , Wang Guang‐Zhong
Published: July 2024

The brain is a complex computing system composed of a multitude of interacting neurons. The computational outputs of this system determine the behavior and perception of every individual. Each brain cell expresses thousands of genes that dictate the cell's function and physiological properties. Therefore, deciphering the molecular expression of each cell is of great significance for understanding its characteristics and role in brain function. Additionally, the positional information of each cell can provide crucial insights into their involvement in local brain circuits. In this review, we briefly overview the principles of single‐cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, the potential issues and challenges in their data processing, and their applications in brain research. We further outline several promising directions in neuroscience that could be integrated with single‐cell RNA sequencing, including neurodevelopment, the identification of novel brain microstructures, cognition and behavior, neuronal cell positioning, molecules and cells related to advanced brain functions, sleep–wake cycles/circadian rhythms, and computational modeling of brain function. We believe that the deep integration of these directions with single‐cell and spatial RNA sequencing can contribute significantly to understanding the roles of individual cells or cell types in these specific functions, thereby making important contributions to addressing critical questions in those fields.

This article is categorized under:

RNA Evolution and Genomics > Computational Analyses of RNA

RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development

RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Pericentromeric satellite RNAs as flexible protein partners in the regulation of nuclear structure
Authors: Lopes Mariana , Louzada Sandra , Gama‐Carvalho Margarida , Chaves Raquel
Published: July 2024

Pericentromeric heterochromatin is mainly composed of satellite DNA sequences. Although being historically associated with transcriptional repression, some pericentromeric satellite DNA sequences are transcribed. The transcription events of pericentromeric satellite sequences occur in highly flexible biological contexts. Hence, the apparent randomness of pericentromeric satellite transcription incites the discussion about the attribution of biological functions. However, pericentromeric satellite RNAs have clear roles in the organization of nuclear structure. Silencing pericentromeric heterochromatin depends on pericentromeric satellite RNAs, that, in a feedback mechanism, contribute to the repression of pericentromeric heterochromatin. Moreover, pericentromeric satellite RNAs can also act as scaffolding molecules in condensate subnuclear structures (e.g., nuclear stress bodies). Since the formation/dissociation of nuclear condensates provides cell adaptability, pericentromeric satellite RNAs can be an epigenetic platform for regulating (sub)nuclear structure. We review current knowledge about pericentromeric satellite RNAs that, irrespective of the meaning of biological function, should be functionally addressed in regular and disease settings.

This article is categorized under:

RNA Methods > RNA Analyses in Cells

RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
On the Inclusion Relations of Global Ultradifferentiable Classes Defined by Weight Matrices
Authors: Boiti Chiara , Jornet David , Oliaro Alessandro , Schindl Gerhard
Published: July 2024

We study and characterize the inclusion relations of global classes in the general weight matrix framework in terms of growth relations for the defining weight matrices. We consider the Roumieu and Beurling cases, and as a particular case, we also treat the classical weight function and weight sequence cases. Moreover, we construct a weight sequence which is oscillating around any weight sequence which satisfies some minimal conditions and, in particular, around the critical weight sequence $$(p!)^{1/2}$$

(
p
!
)

1
/
2

, related with the non-triviality of the classes. Finally, we also obtain comparison results both on classes defined by weight functions that can be defined by weight sequences and conversely.
Bilateral trade with loss-averse agents
Authors: Benkert Jean-Michel
Published: July 2024

We introduce expectations-based loss aversion, which can explain the empirically well-documented endowment and attachment effect, into the classical bilateral-trade setting (Myerson and Satterthwaite in J. Econ. Theory 29:265–281, 1983). We derive optimal mechanisms for different objectives and find that relative to no loss aversion, the platform designer optimally provides agents with partial insurance in the ownership dimension and with full insurance in the money dimension. Notably, the former is achieved either by increasing or decreasing the trade frequency, depending on the distribution of types. Finally, we show that the impossibility of inducing materially efficient trade persists with loss aversion.
Finding large additive and multiplicative Sidon sets in sets of integers
Authors: Jing Yifan , Mudgal Akshat
Published: July 2024

Given $$h,g \in {\mathbb {N}}$$

h
,
g
∈
N

, we write a set $$X \subset {\mathbb {Z}}$$

X
⊂
Z

to be a $$B_{h}^{+}[g]$$

B

h

+

[
g
]

set if for any $$n \in {\mathbb {Z}}$$

n
∈
Z

, the number of solutions to the additive equation $$n = x_1 + \dots + x_h$$

n
=

x
1

+
⋯
+

x
h

with $$x_1, \dots , x_h \in X$$

x
1

,
⋯
,

x
h

∈
X

is at most g, where we consider two such solutions to be the same if they differ only in the ordering of the summands. We define a multiplicative $$B_{h}^{\times }[g]$$

B

h

×

[
g
]

set analogously. In this paper, we prove, amongst other results, that there exist absolute constants $$g \in {\mathbb {N}}$$

g
∈
N

and $$\delta >0$$

δ
>
0

such that for any $$h \in {\mathbb {N}}$$

h
∈
N

and for any finite set A of integers, the largest $$B_{h}^{+}[g]$$

B

h

+

[
g
]

set B inside A and the largest $$B_{h}^{\times }[g]$$

B

h

×

[
g
]

set C inside A satisfy $$\begin{aligned} \max \{ |B|, |C| \} \gg _{h} |A|^{(1+ \delta )/h }. \end{aligned}$$

max

{
|
B
|
,
|
C
|
}

≫
h

|
A
|

(
1
+
δ
)
/
h

.

In fact, when $$h=2$$

h
=
2

, we may set $$g = 31$$

g
=
31

, and when h is sufficiently large, we may set $$g = 1$$

g
=
1

and $$\delta \gg (\log \log h)^{1/2 - o(1)}$$

δ
≫

(
log
log
h
)

1
/
2
-
o
(
1
)

. The former makes progress towards a recent conjecture of Klurman–Pohoata and quantitatively strengthens previous work of Shkredov.
Identities of Hecke–Kiselman monoids
Authors: Wiertel Magdalena
Published: July 2024

It is shown that the Hecke–Kiselman monoid $${\text {HK}}_{\Theta }$$

HK
Θ

associated to a finite oriented graph $$\Theta $$
Θ
satisfies a semigroup identity if and only if $${\text {HK}}_{\Theta }$$

HK
Θ

does not have free noncommutative subsemigroups. It follows that this happens exactly when the semigroup algebra $$K[{\text {HK}}_{\Theta }]$$

K
[

HK
Θ

]

over a field K satisfies a polynomial identity. The latter is equivalent to a condition expressed in terms of the graph $$\Theta $$
Θ
. The proof allows to derive concrete identities satisfied by such monoids $${\text {HK}}_{\Theta }$$

HK
Θ

.
FERMT1 suppression induces anti-tumor effects and reduces stemness in glioma cancer cells
Authors: Pan Zhigang , Ke Chuhan , Zheng Hanlin , Guo Xiumei , Gao Wen , Huang Xinyue , Chen Chunhui , Xiong Yu , Zheng Shuni , Zheng Feng , Hu Weipeng
Published: July 2024

Objective

Glioma is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, its recurrence poses a major challenge in achieving effective treatment outcomes. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have emerged as key contributors to tumor relapse and chemotherapy resistance, making them attractive targets for glioma cancer therapy. This study investigated the potential of FERMT1 as a prognostic biomarker and its role in regulating stemness through cell cycle in glioma.

Methods

Using data from TCGA-GBM, GSE4290, GSE50161 and GSE147352 for analysis of FERMT1 expression in glioma tissues. Then, the effects of FERMT1 knockdown on cell cycle, proliferation, sphere formation ability, invasion and migration were investigated. The influences of FERMT1 on expression of glycolysis-related proteins and levels of ATP, glucose, lactate and G6PDH were also explored. Furthermore, the effects of FERMT1 knockdown on cellular metabolism were evidenced.

Results

Significant upregulation of FERMT1 in glioma tissues was observed. Silencing FERMT1 not only affected the cell cycle but also led to a notable reduction in proliferation, invasion and migration. The expression of glycolysis-associated proteins including GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT4, and SCO2 were reduced by FERMT1 knockdown, resulted in increased ATP and glucose as well as decreased lactic acid and G6PDH levels. FERMT1 knockdown also inhibited cellular metabolism. Moreover, FERMT1 knockdown significantly reduced sphere diameter, along with inhibiting the expression of transcription factors associated with stemness in glioma cells.

Conclusion

These findings demonstrated that FERMT1 could be an ideal target for the advancement of innovative strategies against glioma treatment via modulating cellular process involved in stemness regulation and metabolism.
Data-driven adjoint-based calibration of port-Hamiltonian systems in time domain
Authors: Günther Michael , Jacob Birgit , Totzeck Claudia
Published: July 2024

We present a gradient-based calibration algorithm to identify the system matrices of a linear port-Hamiltonian system from given input–output time data. Aiming for a direct structure-preserving approach, we employ techniques from optimal control with ordinary differential equations and define a constrained optimization problem. The input-to-state stability is discussed which is the key step towards the existence of optimal controls. Further, we derive the first-order optimality system taking into account the port-Hamiltonian structure. Indeed, the proposed method preserves the skew symmetry and positive (semi)-definiteness of the system matrices throughout the optimization iterations. Numerical results with perturbed and unperturbed synthetic data, as well as an example from the PHS benchmark collection [17] demonstrate the feasibility of the approach.
Exploring the integration of dentistry within a multidisciplinary palliative care team: does bedside dental care improve quality of life and symptom burden in inpatient palliative care patients?
Authors: Uhlig Sarah , Doberschütz Florian , Hallmann Franziska , Salm Hanna , Sigle Jörg M. , Pink Daniel
Published: July 2024

Background

Despite the significant impact of oral problems on the quality of life of palliative care patients, comprehensive studies are lacking. This study is the first of its kind to address this gap by including both a dental examination and an intervention and assessing quality of life using the EORTC QLQ OH 15 questionnaire.

Objectives

The objective of this study is to explore the impact of incorporating dentists into inpatient palliative care, with a focus on enhancing quality of life and alleviating symptom burden.

Methods

In this monocentric study, data were gathered from a palliative care unit over an 8-month period. At the beginning of the multidisciplinary treatment, T0, patients underwent both a dental examination and interviews utilizing established questionnaires, the EORTC QLQ-C30 (core, general) and OH 15 (oral health). A week later, at T1, patients underwent a follow-up examination and interview. The QLQ-C30 and OH15 are widely recognized instruments developed by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) for evaluating health related quality of life in cancer patients.

Results

A total of n = 103 patients (48.5% women) were enrolled in the study. The median duration since their last dental visit was 1 year, and the dental condition at T0 was desolate. At T1, statistically and clinically significant changes in oral quality of life and symptom burden were observed. Noteworthy changes were noted in the OH-QoL score (median 63 vs. 92, p < 0.001), sticky saliva (median 33 vs. 0, p < 0.001), sensitivity to food and drink (median 33 vs. 0, p < 0.001), sore mouth (median 33 vs. 0, p > 0.001), and poorly fitting dentures (median 33 vs. 0 p < 0.001). Additionally, improvements were observed in xerostomia candidiasis and mucositis.

Conclusion

The study highlights the powerful contribution of integrating a dentist in inpatient palliative care. With very little dental effort and simple ward and bedside treatments, significant improvements in the oral symptom burden of critically ill palliative patients can be achieved. This contributes to improved care status, relief of distressing symptoms, and ultimately improved quality of life. The results strongly support the consideration of dental support as an integral part of palliative care units.
Arthroscopic and endoscopic techniques for iliopsoas release in THA are safe and effective: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Giai Via Riccardo , Giachino Matteo , Elzeiny Ahmed , Donis Andrea , De Vivo Simone , Bosco Francesco , Massè Alessandro
Published: July 2024

Background

Hip replacement surgery is highly effective in relieving pain and improving mobility in patients with various hip conditions. However, some patients develop groin pain after surgery, often due to iliopsoas impingement (IPI), which can be challenging to diagnose. Conservative treatments are initially recommended, but when these are not effective, surgical options may be considered. This study aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes, success and failure rates, revision rates, and complications associated with arthroscopic and endoscopic surgery for IPI, thereby providing a comprehensive understanding of the effectiveness and risks of these surgical interventions.

Materials and methods

A systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, including a thorough search of five main databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane. Eligible articles were meticulously evaluated according to predefined criteria for levels of evidence (LoE), with retrospective studies assessed using the Coleman Methodology Score (mCMS). This systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO).

Results

Among the 16 included studies, 431 patients with 434 hips underwent either endoscopic or arthroscopic tenotomy. Both techniques showed favorable outcomes, with arthroscopic tenotomy demonstrating slightly higher success rates than endoscopic tenotomy. Common complications included mild pain and occasional infections, with recurrence observed in some cases. Both techniques offer direct visualization of prosthetic components and potential preservation of psoas function.

Conclusions

Arthroscopic and endoscopic iliopsoas tenotomy are effective treatments for alleviating symptoms and improving hip function in patients with IPI post-total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Level of evidence

IV.
Role of PLP-Level as a predictive marker for oral health status in adult hypophosphatasia
Authors: Dudde Florian , Fildebrandt Dominik , Smeets Ralf , Gosau Martin , Amling Michael , Beikler Thomas , Barvencik Florian
Published: July 2024

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP) level on the oral health status as a predictive marker in patients with hypophosphatasia (HPP).

Materials and methods

Throughout a systematic retrospective assessment both bone metabolism and oral health status were analyzed. The oral health status was assessed by the decayed/missing/filled teeth index (DMFT), clinical attachment level (CAL), probing pocket depth (PPD), and the periodontal screening index (PSI).

Results

A total of 48 HPP patients (81.3% female) with a mean age of 42.21 years was included in this retrospective study. The study population was divided into two groups using the mean PLP level (87 µg/l) as a cut-off. Patients with a PLP level ≥ 87 µg/l (n = 14) showed a significantly poorer oral health status regarding DMFT index, CAL, PPD and PSI compared to patients with a PLP level < 87 µg/l (n = 34). No significant group differences for tooth loss were found.

Conclusion

The results of the present study indicate that the PLP level is a suitable diagnostic predictor for the oral health status in HPP patients. HPP patients with PLP levels ≥ 70 µg/l should be included into a regular dental preventive program.

Clinical Relevance

The oral health status in HPP and its correlation with laboratory parameters (i.e. PLP) has been understudied. For clinical practice, the findings of the present study clearly demonstrated that high PLP levels correlate with a worse oral health status in HPP patients. Therefore, these patients should receive an intensive dental treatment and/or inclusion in a strict maintenance program in a specialized dental practice/university hospital with a PLP level ≥ 70 µg/l.
Multi-omics differences in the bone marrow between essential thrombocythemia and prefibrotic primary myelofibrosis
Authors: Zhang Anqi , Sun Ting , Yu Dandan , Fu Rongfeng , Liu Xiaofan , Xue Feng , Liu Wei , Ju Mankai , Dai Xinyue , Dong Huan , Gu Wenjing , Chen Jia , Chi Ying , Li Huiyuan , Wang Wentian , Yang Renchi , Chen Yunfei , Zhang Lei
Published: July 2024

Essential thrombocythemia (ET) and prefibrotic primary myelofibrosis (pre-PMF) are Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. These conditions share overlapping clinical presentations; however, their prognoses differ significantly. Current morphological diagnostic methods lack reliability in subtype differentiation, underlining the need for improved diagnostics. The aim of this study was to investigate the multi-omics alterations in bone marrow biopsies of patients with ET and pre-PMF to improve our understanding of the nuanced diagnostic characteristics of both diseases. We performed proteomic analysis with 4D direct data-independent acquisition and microbiome analysis with 2bRAD-M sequencing technology to identify differential protein and microbe levels between untreated patients with ET and pre-PMF. Laboratory and multi-omics differences were observed between ET and pre-PMF, encompassing diverse pathways, such as lipid metabolism and immune response. The pre-PMF group showed an increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and decreased high-density lipoprotein and cholesterol levels. Protein analysis revealed significantly higher CXCR2, CXCR4, and MX1 levels in pre-PMF, while APOC3, APOA4, FABP4, C5, and CFB levels were elevated in ET, with diagnostic accuracy indicated by AUC values ranging from 0.786 to 0.881. Microbiome assessment identified increased levels of Mycobacterium, Xanthobacter, and L1I39 in pre-PMF, whereas Sphingomonas, Brevibacillus, and Pseudomonas_E were significantly decreased, with AUCs for these genera ranging from 0.833 to 0.929. Our study provides preliminary insights into the proteomic and microbiome variations in the bone marrow of patients with ET and pre-PMF, identifying specific proteins and bacterial genera that warrant further investigation as potential diagnostic indicators. These observations contribute to our evolving understanding of the multi-omics variations and possible mechanisms underlying ET and pre-PMF.
Deep learning for derivatives pricing: a comparative study of asymptotic and quasi-process corrections
Authors: Funahashi Hideharu
Published: July 2024

In this study, we compare two methods for using neural networks to efficiently learn the price of derivatives. The first method, proposed by Funahashi (Quant Financ 21(4):575–592, 2021a), involves training the neural networks to learn the difference between the derivative price and its asymptotic expansion, rather than learning the derivative price directly. The target derivative price is then obtained by adding the approximate solution with the predicted value of neural networks. This method reduces the required amount of learning data, often by a factor of one hundred to one thousand, compared to the case where the derivative price is directly learned through neural networks. In the second method, established in this paper, the neural networks learn the difference between the derivative price written on the underlying asset price that follows the target complex stochastic process and the derivative price written on the underlying asset price that has a relatively simple stochastic process that has a closed-form solution for the target derivative prices. This method provides an alternative valuation method when no efficient approximate solution for the derivative value is observed and if one can arbitrarily determine the model parameters of the quasi-process that approximates the original process. We also propose a unified method to determine the model parameters of quasi-processes from underlying asset processes. These methods prove valuable in cases where general analytic solutions are absent, as seen in widely used financial models such as the stochastic volatility models. These cases involve time-consuming numerical calculations to generate learning data, highlighting the value of the two methods, which significantly compress calculation times.
Prediction of bank credit worthiness through credit risk analysis: an explainable machine learning study
Authors: Chang Victor , Xu Qianwen Ariel , Akinloye Shola Habib , Benson Vladlena , Hall Karl
Published: July 2024

The control of credit risk is an important topic in the development of supply chain finance. Financial service providers should distinguish between low- and high-quality customers to predict credit risk accurately. Proper management of credit risk exposure contributes to the long-term viability and profitability of banks, systemic stability, and efficient capital allocation in the economy. Moreover, it benefits the development of supply chain finance. Supply chain finance offers convenient loan transactions that benefit all participants, including the buyer, supplier, and bank. However, poor credit risk management in supply chain finance may cause losses for finance providers and hamper the development of supply chain finance. Machine learning algorithms have significantly improved the accuracy of credit risk prediction systems in supply chain finance. However, their lack of interpretability or transparency makes decision-makers skeptical. Therefore, this study aims to improve AI transparency by ranking the importance of features influencing the decisions made by the system. This study identifies two effective algorithms, Random Forest and Gradient Boosting models, for credit risk detection. The factors that influenced the decision of the models to make them transparent are explicitly illustrated. This study also contributes to the literature on explainable credit risk detection for supply chain finance and provides practical implications for financial institutions to inform decision making.
Deep learning for computer vision based activity recognition and fall detection of the elderly: a systematic review
Authors: Gaya-Morey F. Xavier , Manresa-Yee Cristina , Buades-Rubio José M.
Published: July 2024

As the proportion of elderly individuals in developed countries continues to rise globally, addressing their healthcare needs, particularly in preserving their autonomy, is of paramount concern. A growing body of research focuses on Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) systems, aimed at alleviating concerns related to the independent living of the elderly. This systematic review examines the literature pertaining to fall detection and Human Activity Recognition (HAR) for the elderly, two critical tasks for ensuring their safety when living alone. Specifically, this review emphasizes the utilization of Deep Learning (DL) approaches on computer vision data, reflecting current trends in the field. A comprehensive search yielded 2,616 works from five distinct sources, spanning the years 2019 to 2023 (inclusive). From this pool, 151 relevant works were selected for detailed analysis. The review scrutinizes the employed DL models, datasets, and hardware configurations, with particular emphasis on aspects such as privacy preservation and real-world deployment. The main contribution of this study lies in the synthesis of recent advancements in DL-based fall detection and HAR for the elderly, providing insights into the state-of-the-art techniques and identifying areas for further improvement. Given the increasing importance of AAL systems in enhancing the quality of life for the elderly, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers involved in developing and implementing such technologies.

Graphical abstract