bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Government With The People
Authors: Tam Henry
Published: September 2019

This chapter provides a critical introduction to the problem of disengagement between governments and citizens. It looks at different arguments for reforming the scope and approach adopted by the state and explains why the way forward has to be through more effective state-citizen cooperation. It also gives a general outline of the three parts of the book. The first part examines the theoretical background and recent development of state-citizen cooperation to find out why more attention should be given to advance it; how its impact should be judged; and what makes it distinctive and complementary to other proposals on improving democratic governance. The second part reviews policies and strategies that have been tried out in different parts of the world to enable citizens and state institutions to work together in an informed and collaborative manner in defining and pursuing the public good. The final part considers how various underlying barriers to effective state-citizen cooperation can be overcome, with reference to specific case examples.
Deliberative Engagement with Complex Policies
Authors: Burall Simon
Published: September 2019

Elections are important for determining broad political direction, but they cannot by themselves effectively draw out voters’ preferences and interests in order to inform and influence the wide range of policy decisions required for the functioning of a modern economy. Engaging small, representative groups of the public in complex and controversial policy decisions can be one way to build a better understanding of the interests and preferences of the public about specific policy decisions.
This chapter explores approaches that have been used across the world, from the Danish Board of Technology’s Consensus Conferences, the Brazilian experiments in Participatory Budgeting, to AmericaSpeaks’ 21st Century Town Hall events, and the UK Government’s Sciencewise programme.
It explains why, when run well, such deliberative processes can have a profound impact on policy and its resulting acceptance by the public. However, it also points out they need much wider institutional adoption and increased deliberative capacity and sets out what both national and local government need to do more to address these obstacles.
The Potential of Community Development
Authors: Taylor Marilyn
Published: September 2019

Community development offers a distinct approach to respond to the problem of diminishing free spaces where citizens can exchange views and learn about democracy and citizenship. It involves citizens as co-creators of the common world rather than as consumers. It has been supported by governments in different countries as a way of defusing tensions within communities, addressing the crisis of political legitimacy, encouraging citizen responsibility, as well as co-producing services with the state. This chapter tracks the ways in which community development has played these different roles over time and the implications for the relationship between state and citizen. It reviews its changing relationship with the state, and the critiques generated by different approaches and programmes. It concludes with an assessment of the challenges it faces in seeking to deepen democracy and foster creative citizenship, in the face of recurring attempts to shrink the state and leave the market as the principal mediating factor in society.
Intimate bureaucracy and home encounters
Authors: Humphris Rachel
Published: September 2019

This chapter looks specifically at ‘home encounters’ and how they became the dominant mode of interaction with the state for mothers identified as Romanian Roma. Encounters between subjects and objects of state care have been explored through many different literatures including social work, geography, anthropology of the state, social policy and urban studies. In particular the emotional framing of encounters has been most recently explored through two sets of literature that have developed separately, namely the anthropology of the state (Reeves 2014) and social policy (Crawford and Flint 2015; Lawson and Elwood 2014; Stenson 2013). Making links between these bodies of literature allows us to think beyond strict dichotomies of the ‘state’ and ‘community’ to how boundaries emerge and are made significant. It also allows us to ask questions around the costs and injuries of these new forms of governance. This chapter shows not only that processes such as bordering and gatekeeping services take place within the home, but that the nature of these processes – and therefore the reproduction of the state – take on different forms and complexities because they take place within the home, informing who is deemed morally legitimate to receive care.
Gender and intimate state encounters
Authors: Humphris Rachel
Published: September 2019

This chapter explores the gendered complexities of the home encounter. It builds brings together the anthropological debates on the state and street-level bureaucracy to include feminist analysis of care and racialized motherhood. This chapter details how particular meanings that are imbued in the ‘private’ and domestic space heighten the gendered nature of governing relationships, placing more work on women and simultaneously excluding men. The chapter explores how family organisation and inscribed gender roles therein can exacerbate or ease the uncertainty and confusion within home encounters. The chapter not only examines how home encounters shape the relationships among Romanian Roma women and men, but also relationships between women and, typically, female support workers and, typically, male church volunteers. The chapter argues that those who perform ‘appropriate’ subjects of care (as mothers) can be positioned as objects of care (of the state) and consequently that men are excluded from these processes.
Funding Frontiers: Public Policing, ‘User Pays’ Policing and Police Foundations
Authors: Lippert Randy K. , Walby Kevin
Published: September 2019

This chapter explores the longstanding but surprisingly neglected ‘user pays’ policing, as well as newer and proliferating police foundations in Canada and the US. Many police departments in North America and beyond now offer ‘user pays’ public policing. The premise of ‘user pays’, as its name suggests, is that the public should not pay for private use of the public police. Those who use their security services for private benefit should pay, and the more they use them, the more they should pay. In practice, this involves selling security services to individuals and organisations for street festivals, funeral escorts, concerts, special parades, and retail establishments, and sometimes directly to private security firms themselves. These arrangements always entail uniformed officers providing security to these ‘users’ via temporary assignment.
The radical secularization of moral space
Authors: Boutellier Hans
Published: September 2019

This chapter attempts to develop an understanding of the moral conditions of secular society by tracing its history. The social impact of the secularization process only really became visible in the 1960s. After the earlier separation of church and state, religion in the West also pulled back on a societal level. Historically and culturally that is quite a unique situation, about which the last word has not yet been said. Many churches emptied, but attention to religion is everywhere. Is this because of Islam? How should we relate to religion and its new visibility? The chapter considers secularization since the 1960s as a large-scale field experiment with morality.
Editorial
Authors: Kartsivadze Megi
Published: September 2019

To download this paper, please, click here.
Leaving the South
Authors: Weaks-Baxter Mary
Published: September 2019

Millions of Southerners left the South in the 20th Century in a mass migration that has had a lasting impact on the U.S. Leaving the South focuses on narratives by and about those who left and how those narratives challenged concepts of Southern nationhood and remade how Southernness is interpreted and represented. Identifying “the South” as an idea, this study works under the assumption that because borders are social constructs, movements of people across borders are controlled not only by physical barriers, but also by the narratives that define that movement. Framed with a look back to the Southern history of border building and a look ahead to the impact of borders in the 21st Century, Leaving the South focuses on 20th century Southern Border Narratives in prose, poetry, visual arts, and music and how they were used to create group affiliation, encourage divisiveness, and formulate and perpetuate new individual and group identities. Taking an expansive approach, this book crosses temporal, textual, gendering, and racial boundaries in order to examine the parallel, intersecting, and divergent narrative paths of various groups of Southerners as they left the South. In a time of calls for building a wall between the United States and Mexico, and growing nationalistic movements and isolationist tendencies around the globe, Leaving the South reflects on that friction between the human capacities to, on the one hand, build walls and, on the other, to break them down.
Prospects in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Shestakova M. V. , Vorontsov A. V. , Vykhristyuk S. G. , Dedov I. I.
Published: September 2019

The authors discuss new approaches to the treatment and prevention of diabetic nephropathy based on elimination of the pathogenetic factors of its development. Hyperglycemia, the main triggering factor of vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. induces a cascade of other pathological reactions, such as renal dysfunction, biochemical and structural changes in the basal membranes of renal capillaries, and stimulates the secretion of vasoactive factors of vascular endothelium and platelets. Blocking of these reactions by specific agents inhibits the progress of diabetic nephropathy. The authors share their experience gained in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy with inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme, glycosaminoglycanes, and thromboxane synthesis inhibitors. These drugs are more effective if prescribed at the early stages of diabetic involvement of the kidneys.
T-activin in combined therapy of type I diabetes mellitus
Authors: Novikov V. I. , Shostak V. A.
Published: September 2019

The effects of t-activin on the time course of immunohormonal, metabolic, and clinical parameters were studied in patients with newly diagnosed type I diabetes (n = 50, aged 17 to 35, followed up for 2 years; controls: 20 patients with type 1 disease treated traditionally). An appreciable decrease of basal and stimulated levels of C-peptide, shifted T-helper to T-supprcssor ratio caused by a decrease of T-suppressor level, and an increase of the immunoregulatory index were observed at the debut of type 1 diabetes; these shifts gave grounds sufficient to prescribe t-activin. Tactivin therapy for 2 years led to a decrease of the T-helper/T-suppressor imbalance due to an increase of the T-suppressor content, normalization of IRI, increase of the basal and stimulated C-peptidc levels, normalization of HbAlc at a daily insulin dose of 0.4 U/kg, and a stable course of the disease. In the controls the immune parameters and hormones did not normalize, daily insulin dose was 0.6 U/kg, and the disease course unstable. Hence, t-activin not only corrected the immunity, but metabolism as well, which resulted in stimulation of repair regeneration of pancreatic p-cells.
Cytological diagnosis of thyroid disease
Authors: Bronstein M. E.
Published: September 2019

Cytological diagnosis of various human diseases is widely used in modern medicine, especially for early preoperative diagnosis of tumors of different organs and tissues. A fine-needle aspiration puncture biopsy followed by microscopic examination of its cytogram is one of the integral parts of diagnostic cytology, including the diagnosis of thyroid diseases (thyroid gland). The methods used to verify various thyroid pathology options (palpation, ultrasound - ultrasound, scintigraphy, biochemical and immunological tests, etc.) do not always allow us to clarify the nature of pathological changes in the thyroid gland. For example, cold nodes (according to the scan) only in some cases turn out to be malignant neoplasms of the thyroid gland, like the bulk of nodular goiter in patients from regions endemic to goiter; in most cases there is no need for their prompt removal. And only a microscopic examination of thyroid puncture points, especially its nodular formations, allows you to clarify the diagnosis and make an adequate decision on the nature of the treatment measures. Thin-needle aspiration puncture biopsy of the thyroid gland is a non-invasive morphological diagnostic tool that allows you to make a correct diagnosis with almost 100% probability. At the same time, since the thyroid gland is an epithelial organ, in the structures of which the cells are closely “fused” with each other, cellular connections are broken with difficulty, which makes it extremely difficult to obtain informative material for subsequent microscopic examination. To facilitate the process of obtaining material on the needle, which is performed by puncture biopsy, in the Endocrinology Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, notches were started at a distance of about 0.5-0.7 cm from the sharp end of the needle (Candidate of Medical Sciences A.V. Antonov), which allows you to take material like a harpoon, without aspiration and receive a plentiful punctate. With ischemia of the punctured area of the gland, it is possible to obtain abundant punctate with virtually no impurity of peripheral blood (Ph.D. I.V. Panteleev). The material thus obtained is applied to a fat-free glass slide and a smear is obtained using a polished glass slide (similar to a blood smear). Air-dried strokes are stained according to May — Grunwald — Giemsa. Every year we examine from 1.5 to 2.5 thousand puncture biopsies from patients with various pathologies. The information content of the obtained material largely depends on the experience and skill of the surgeon. Scanty punctate, as a rule, is uninformative and can only describe the punctate without an opinion on the nature of pathological changes in the thyroid gland. Abundant cellular punctate from different points of the gland, especially if there is a suspicion of diffuse and / or combined pathology, makes it possible to make a final diagnosis.
Insulinreceptor interactions and EPR spectroscopy in experimental diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mikaelyan N. P. , Knyazev Yu. A. , Maxina A. G. , Dainyak B. A. , Gurina A. Ye. , Mikaelyan E. P. , Dzugkoyeva F. S.
Published: September 2019

Insulin concentration in the blood and the level of its binding in tissues inversely correlate in experimental diabetes mellitus. Insulin-binding activity in cells and the microviscosity and hydrophilism of plasma membranes are in inverse correlation. ATP modifies insulin reception.
Visibilizando heterotopías para la enseñanza de las otras historias desde una conciencia hermenéutica gadameriana
Authors: Triviño Cabrera Laura
Published: September 2019

El presente estudio explora las posibilidades de incluir el concepto heterotopía de Foucault en la enseñanza de las otras historias, dado que se propone la visibilidad de los espacios que a lo largo del tiempo histórico pasado y presente han sido lugares de exclusión y que deben ser estudiados desde una nueva perspectiva en el que se empodere a esa otredad. Esa nueva perspectiva pasa por desarrollar una conciencia hermenéutica entendida por Gadamer como una fusión de horizontes pasado-presente y que plantee nuevos significados para proyectar espacios en un tiempo histórico futuro generados por una ciudadanía crítica y empática que la convierta gracias al proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje de las Ciencias Sociales como principal agente del cambio social.
La difícil tarea de la interculturalidad desde la Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales. Análisis comparativo de los programas de Argentina, Colombia y Chile
Authors: Marolla Jesús
Published: September 2019

El siguiente artículo es un estudio comparativo del currículo que se utilizan en la actualidad en los países de Argentina, Colombia y Chile en torno al trabajo de la interculturalidad. En el escrito se analiza y reflexiona, desde la literacidad crítica el tratamiento que se realiza a los textos, las actividades y las propuestas de enseñanza y de aprendizaje curriculares considerando las perspectivas teóricas sobre el multiculturalismo y la interculturalidad crítica definidas por Walsh (2012), Quijano (2000) y Tubino (2005). Se plantean las presencias y las ausencias en torno a los migrantes, las etnias indígenas y los afrodescendientes que forman parte de los relatos que se incluyen en los currículos, así como los roles y los discursos que se transmiten sobre sus acciones y participación en la sociedad. Los objetivos que se persiguen son reflexionar sobre la presencia y/o ausencia de las etnias y los grupos afrodescendientes en los currículos de dichos países y analizar el rol que se le asigna a dichos grupos en los documentos que forman parte del estudio. El presente trabajo forma parte de una investigación más amplia que se encarga de indagar sobre las concepciones de los y las profesores de historia y ciencias sociales en establecimientos con presencia de estudiantes migrantes. Desde la didáctica de las ciencias sociales se reflexiona sobre los procesos y discursos sobre la inclusión, la migración, las etnias, los afrodescendientes y sus roles en la construcción de la historia.
«Vivir la infancia en tiempos de guerra». Un proyecto de innovación con fuentes orales en el ámbito universitario
Authors: Sonlleva Velasco Miriam , Sanz Simón Carlos
Published: September 2019

En el presente artículo mostramos una experiencia práctica llevada a cabo con 83 estudiantes de la Facultad de Educación de Segovia, nacida del Proyecto de Innovación Docente Memoria de la escuela contemporánea: fuentes orales, iconográficas y otros recursos pedagógicos para la formación docente de la Universidad de Valladolid. El objetivo de esta experiencia es superar la visión de la historia de la educación entendida como una disciplina del pasado, para pasar a establecer un diálogo entre la educación pretérita y la actual. Para ello, formamos a nuestros estudiantes de Magisterio en el uso de fuentes orales, desde las que tratamos de recuperar la experiencia de personas de la provincia de Segovia que vivieron su infancia durante el periodo de la Guerra Civil Española (1936-1939). El proyecto, titulado Vivir la infancia en tiempos de guerra, trata de ofrecer a los docentes en formación una visión de lo que significó este periodo de nuestra historia reciente para los menores que sufrieron el hambre, la muerte y la escasez de recursos personales y materiales. Asimismo, les invita a conocer el papel que jugaron la familia y la escuela como agentes educativos de primer orden en aquellos años; y a construir una mirada crítica sobre los usos y abusos políticos de la historia. Los resultados de la experiencia muestran cómo el uso de estas fuentes es una herramienta imprescindible para despertar la mirada crítica de los estudiantes hacia nuestro pasado y mejorar su conocimiento sobre la historia de la educación española del siglo XX.
El ciclo egipcio de la eterna regeneración a través de la tumba de Nebamun: su influencia en la pintura histórica de Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema
Authors: Álvarez Rodríguez María Victoria
Published: September 2019

Con la eclosión de Romanticismo en el continente europeo, una creciente pasión por Oriente (desde la Arabia de Las mil y una noches hasta la Granada nazarita, pasando por el Egipto faraónico) se dejó sentir poderosamente en el panorama de las artes y la literatura, perdurando incluso cuando el influjo de dicho movimiento ya había llegado a su fin. A medida que avanzaba la centuria, esa fascinación fue evolucionando desde una recreación histórica más caprichosa y personal hasta un profundo interés por el rigor arqueológico, algo especialmente palpable en los pintores ingleses que, en las últimas décadas de la época victoriana, sucumbieron al encanto de la temática egipcia. Uno de los mejores ejemplos es sin duda el de Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema (1836-1912), cuya obra se caracterizó por la inclusión de ropajes, tocados, mobiliario y numerosos detalles basados en el estudio minucioso de objetos pertenecientes a la Antigüedad. En nuestro estudio nos proponemos analizar la influencia ejercida por el ciclo pictórico de la tumba de Nebamun en la producción de este artista, comparando sus cuadros ambientados en el Antiguo Egipto con los fragmentos de dicho ciclo conservados en el Museo Británico. De este modo comprobaremos hasta qué punto su pintura es deudora de ellos, tanto en lo concerniente a la temática de algunos de esos cuadros como en cuanto a la inclusión directa de las escenas de Nebamun como un elemento decorativo más de sus interiores.
Elementos míticos y paradigmas científicos. Acercamiento crítico al mecanicismo de Newton, al Darwinismo y a la Física astronómica
Authors: López Saco Julio
Published: September 2019

La consideración mítica, como la científica, es una manera posible de interpretar la experiencia. Cada una de ellas posee sus contenidos categóricos, principios apriorísticos y estipulaciones. El estatus paradigmático de la ciencia depende de una estructura narrativa, propia del mito, a través de la cual las investigaciones empírico-analíticas buscan persuadir. La ciencia incluye lo «mítico» en su exposición pública, mostrándose parasitaria sobre el potencial interpretativo del mito, su durabilidad y persistencia. Lo «mítico» y lo «científico» se unen, así, en la «estética» del entendimiento humano. El mito participa como una suerte de ciencia de lo abstracto que llega a ser concreto, un lenguaje simbólico usado para designar significados dentro de lo cotidiano. El conocimiento científico ni es universal ni absoluto, sino limitado y provisional. A causa de que la inducción no puede traducirse en leyes generales, y de que el conocimiento científico es un producto de las estructuras interpretativas humanas, que son, ellas mismas, variables, relativas y creativamente empleadas (desde la imaginación mítico-simbólica), las verdades de la ciencia no pueden ser inequívocamente objetivas. En este trabajo se harán, en tal sentido, unas valoraciones referidas al mecanicismo de Newton, al Darwinismo y a la Física astronómica.
Hyers–Ulam stability of a coupled system of fractional differential equations of Hilfer–Hadamard type
Authors: Ahmad Manzoor , Zada Akbar , Alzabut Jehad
Published: September 2019

In this paper, existence and uniqueness of solution for a coupled impulsive Hilfer–Hadamard type fractional differential system are obtained by using Kransnoselskii’s fixed point theorem. Different types of Hyers–Ulam stability are also discussed.We provide an example demonstrating consistency to the theoretical findings.
Kultur als Frage der Moderne
Authors: Quadflieg Dirk
Published: September 2019

It seems that the concept of culture is becoming ever more ambivalent. On the one hand, since the 20th century nearly every topic or object can be perceived as a product of culture or as an expression of a specific cultural subdomain. On the other hand, we are witnessing a return of identitarian movements which use culture as a normative concept to designate the substantial unity of a “we” and separate this unity from other cultures and people. Against this back-drop, the article traces back the concept of culture to the specific situation of modernity, which could be characterized by the loss of substance and the challenge of contingency in all fields of the lifeworld. The essay argues that, emerging in this modern situation, culture is not defined by a specific content or a set of objects, but is used rather as a way of putting one’s own position into question. Seeing things through the lens of culture implies that the actual given comes into view as something that has developed socially and historically. From such a perspective, culture is neither an arbitrary concept nor a substantial unity but allows for a critical reflection on the present.
Kollektives Verstehen
Authors: Hauswald Rico
Published: September 2019

Many epistemic attitudes including belief and knowledge have already been examined to determine the extent to which they can be attributed to collectives. The epistemological literature on explanatory understanding and objectual understanding, on the other hand, has focused almost exclusively on individual subjects. However, there are many situations that can be described by sentences of the form “We understand P”, “We understand why p”, “Group G understands P”, or “G understands why p”. As I shall show, these situations can be classified into five categories: distributive, common, joint, deferential, and cooperative understanding. Based on a definitional scheme, according to which the general concept of understanding has a cognitive component, a factivity component, and an epistemic-pro-attitude component, this paper aims to analyse these five types.
Soziale Teilhabe als Tatsache, Wert und Aufgabe
Authors: Behrendt Hauke
Published: September 2019

This paper aims to present the current debates in contemporary inclusion research in a structured manner and to highlight some systematic weaknesses. Although one cannot speak of a uniform research program in the strict sense, theoreticians of systems theory and inequality research in particular have taken up this young research subject. While within systems-theory approaches, inclusion is framed from the perspective of a functionalist social theory, inequality research has a rather socio-critical impetus which treats exclusion as a social problem. My thesis is that both approaches suffer from a lack of complexity regarding their concept of inclusion. While systems-theory approaches fail to include the ethical and political dimension of inclusion, inequality research is inadequate with regard to the descriptive dimension.
Germany’s Growth Prospects against the Backdrop of Demographic Change
Authors: Breuer Sebastian , Elstner Steffen
Published: September 2019

This paper shows how the German Council of Economic Experts (GCEE) determines Germany’s potential output, and compares the results with those of the European Commission. The approach of the European Commission is a natural benchmark, as it provides the basis for the deficit and debt rules of the European Union. In comparison with the European Commission’s method, the GCEE’s method places greater emphasis on demographic factors in estimating labour input. Additionally, both approaches differ regarding how they estimate the structural unemployment rate and total factor productivity. Finally, this paper discusses the limitations of, and the different options for estimating potential output.
Crystal structure of poly[diaqua-bis(μ2-3-((1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)benzoato-κ2
N:O)manganese(II)], C22H22MnN4O6
Authors: Zhang Tian
Published: September 2019

C22H22MnN4O6, monoclinic, P21/n, a = 11.9331(7) Å, b = 5.5962(3) Å, c = 16.0671(9) Å, β = 107.391(6)°, Z = 2, V = 1023.92(11) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.046, wR
ref (F2) = 0.055, T = 287 K.
Crystal structure of N′,2-bis((E)-2-chloro-6-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothiohydrazide, C15H12Cl2N4O2S
Authors: Liu Weiping
Published: September 2019

C15H12Cl2N4O2S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 12.236(7) Å, b = 20.199(10) Å, c = 6.992(4) Å, β = 105.987(9)°, V = 1661.2(16) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0707, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1917, T = 293(2) K.
Public Art in the Private City: Control, Complicity and Criticality in Hong Kong
Authors: van Meeteren Lara , Wissink Bart
Published: September 2019

Responding to Open Philosophy’s call ‘Does public art have to be bad art?’, in this paper we argue that this discussion should pay attention to the consequences of structural transformations that guide the production and presentation of public art in today’s increasingly private city. While entrepreneurial governance and corporate branding strategies generate new opportunities, they might also result in increased risk averseness and control over the content of public art, thus putting its critical potential at risk. That observation ushers in urgent questions about control, complicity and criticality. We aim to reflect on those questions through two public art projects in Hong Kong: Antony Gormley’s Event Horizon (2015) and Our 60-second friendship begins now (2016) by Sampson Wong Yu-hin and Jason Lam Chi-fai. After drawing conclusions on the justification of public funding for co-productions, the legitimacy for artists to sometimes not ‘follow the rules’, and the problematic nature of a narrow definition of professionalism as a means to discredit artists, our analysis underlines the urgent need to develop a framework that can guide discussions on the consequences of control and complicity for the critical potential of public art.
Epistemological Reform and Embracement of Human Rights. What Can be Inferred from Islamic Rationalistic Maturidite Theology?
Authors: Zhussipbek Galym , Nagayeva Zhanar
Published: September 2019

The authors argue that there is an epistemological crisis of conservative Islamic scholarship and Muslim mind, rooted in the centuries-old confinement of a role for reason within strict limits, and in the disappearance of rationalistic discursive theology (kalam) as a dynamic science. Moreover, epistemological crisis is exemplified by seriously insufficient level of protection of human rights under Sharia when judged by contemporary principles of human rights. This crisis demands a necessity of undertaking epistemological reform, which denotes the incorporation of international standards of human rights and justice into the epistemology and methodology of producing Islamic norms (usul al-fiqh). It is argued that the key epistemological premises of rationalistic Islam, such as acceptance that human reason can find goodness and badness independently from revelation and non-acceptance of ethical voluntarism, may offer a good ground to make epistemological reform, which would induce the Muslims to critically approach and reinterpret the pre-modern religious interpretations and to construct an Islamic legal and ethical system that is appropriate for the context of the 21th century. In the end, reason, being the human capacity for shaping reality in a humane way, is indispensable to read religious sources from a historical-metaphorical point of view.
Isoform Specificity of PKMs during Long-Term Facilitation inAplysiaIs Mediated through Stabilization by KIBRA
Authors: Ferguson Larissa , Hu Jiangyuan , Cai Diancai , Chen Shanping , Dunn Tyler W. , Pearce Kaycey , Glanzman David L. , Schacher Samuel , Sossin Wayne S.
Published: September 2019

Persistent activity of protein kinase M (PKM), the truncated form of protein kinase C (PKC), can maintain long-term changes in synaptic strength in many systems, including the hermaphrodite marine mollusk,Aplysia californica. Moreover, different types of long-term facilitation (LTF) in culturedAplysiasensorimotor synapses rely on the activities of different PKM isoforms in the presynaptic sensory neuron and postsynaptic motor neuron. When the atypical PKM isoform is required, the kidney and brain expressed adaptor protein (KIBRA) is also required. Here, we explore how this isoform specificity is established. We find that PKM overexpression in the motor neuron, but not the sensory neuron, is sufficient to increase synaptic strength and that this activity is not isoform-specific. KIBRA is not the rate-limiting step in facilitation since overexpression of KIBRA is neither sufficient to increase synaptic strength, nor to prolong a form of PKM-dependent intermediate synaptic facilitation. However, the isoform specificity of dominant-negative-PKMs to erase LTF is correlated with isoform-specific competition for stabilization by KIBRA. We identify a new conserved region of KIBRA. Different splice isoforms in this region stabilize different PKMs based on the isoform-specific sequence of an α-helix “handle” in the PKMs. Thus, specific stabilization of distinct PKMs by different isoforms of KIBRA can explain the isoform specificity of PKMs during LTF inAplysia.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLong-lasting changes in synaptic plasticity associated with memory formation are maintained by persistent protein kinases. We have previously shown in theAplysiasensorimotor model that distinct isoforms of persistently active protein kinase Cs (PKMs) maintain distinct forms of long-lasting synaptic changes, even when both forms are expressed in the same motor neuron. Here, we show that, while the effects of overexpression of PKMs are not isoform-specific, isoform specificity is defined by a “handle” helix in PKMs that confers stabilization by distinct splice forms in a previously undefined domain of the adaptor protein KIBRA. Thus, we define new regions in both KIBRA and PKMs that define the isoform specificity for maintaining synaptic strength in distinct facilitation paradigms.
RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF USING PROJECT-BASED LEARNING IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE USA
Authors: BEI Iryna
Published: September 2019

The article deals with analysis of historical origins, formation and development of the project method in the USA pedagogy. There have been defined main directions of implementing project learning ideas in American educational institutions in various historical periods. It also presents basic states of pragmatic pedagogy which were introduced by such representatives of American scientific school as: John Dewey, William H. Kilpatrick and Ellsworth Collings.
ПРОБЛЕМА ВЗАЄМОЗВ’ЯЗКУ АКАДЕМІЧНОЇ ТА ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ МОБІЛЬНОСТІ СТУДЕНТІВ
Authors: SUSHENTSEVA Liliia , TYUTCHENKO Svetlana
Published: September 2019

У статті розглянуто взаємозв’язок академічної та професійної мобільності студентів. Визначено, що професійна мобільність передбачає готовність фахівця до зміни виконуваних професійних завдань, робочого місця, здатність швидко освоювати нові спеціальності. Доведено, що академічна мобільність – це найпотужніший чинник формування професійної мобільності і розвитку загальносвітового освітнього та наукового простору, засіб підвищення якості освіти та розвитку культурного обміну. Вона збільшує рівень затребуваності випускника закладу вищої освіти на ринку праці, надає можливість для професійної самореалізації, самовдосконалення, підвищує рівень кваліфікації трудових ресурсів національної економіки.
Finite-state Optimality Theory: non-rationality of Harmonic Serialism
Authors: Hao Yiding
Published: September 2019

This paper analyzes the language-theoretic complexity of Harmonic Serialism (HS), a derivational variant of Optimality Theory. I show that HS can generate non-rational relations using strictly local markedness constraints, proving the “result” of Hao (2017), that HS is rational under those assumptions, to be incorrect. This is possible because deletions performed in a particular order have the ability to enforce nesting dependencies over long distances. I argue that coordinated deletions form a canonical characterization of non-rational relations definable in HS.
Társszakmák a lelki egészség szolgálatában
Authors: Pintér Gábor
Published: September 2019

Tanulmányunkban négy, egymáshoz több szempontból közel álló segítő szakmát tárgyalunk, ezek: a pszichológiai tanácsadás, a mentálhigiéné, a klinikai pszichológia és a pszichoterápia. Az adott szakma képzettséget szerzett gyakorlója: a tanácsadó szakpszichológus, a mentálhigiénés szakember, a klinikai szakpszichológus és a pszichoterapeuta (szakpszichológus vagy szakorvos). Munkánkban vázoljuk az adott szakma jogi, képzettségi hátterét, az elvárható kompetenciákat, a tevékenység legfontosabb területeit és az egyes képzési rendszereket. Sok szempontra igyekszünk figyelni, amikor összevetjük mindezeket. Az érett személyiség szintjeit, a beavatkozások hatótényezőinek rendszerét és a munkaformák különbségének főbb dimenzióit gondoljuk át. Főképp a tanácsadás és mentálhigiéné, illetve a tanácsadás és a pszichoterápia különbözőségével foglalkozunk. Végül néhány gondolatot fogalmazunk meg a tanulmányunkba bevont segítő szakmák fejlődésének trendjeiről és az előttük álló feladatokról, valamint a köztük levő együttműködés jelenéről és lehetséges jövőjéről.
Táplálkozáspszichológia a tanácsadásban
Authors: Vida Katalin
Published: September 2019

Az utóbbi időben felvirágzó táplálkozáspszichológia (nutritional psychology) egyre növekvő számú kutatási eredménye támasztja alá a zöldség-, illetve gyümölcsfogyasztás és a mentális egészség közötti összefüggéseket. Az egyes tápanyagokat (pl. cink, folsav, B-vitamin, D-vitamin, ómega-3 zsírsav) vizsgáló kutatások eredményei szerint ezek a tápanyagok monoterápiaként használva egyértelmű eredményeket nem mutatnak. A jelenlegi ellentmondásos eredmények alól kivételt az ómega-3 zsírsav jelenthet, amellyel összefüggésben a legrobosztusabb eredményeket mutat a szakirodalom mind önálló, mind kiegészítő terápiaként. Ígéretes eredményeket a komplex étrendeket vizsgáló és a zöldség-, illetve gyümölcsfogyasztásra fókuszáló kutatások mutatnak. A zöldség–gyümölcs–bevitel, valamint a teljes kiőrlésű gabonák, hüvelyesek és olajos magvak fogyasztása pedig nemcsak a bennük található tápanyagok, hanem a rosttartalmuk miatt is kiemelkedő fontosságú, mivel ezek a tápanyagok az egészséges bélflórát biztosítják. Az elmúlt pár év eredményei a bélrendszer és az agy szoros összefüggését mutatják (ún. mikrobiom–bél–agy–tengely), jelezve, hogy az emésztőrendszer és a mentális egészség között szoros kapcsolat állhat fenn. Ezért a jelen tanulmány amellett érvel, hogy pszichológusként akkor is érdemes figyelembe vennünk a kliensünk étrendjét és az azzal kapcsolatos szokásait, ha nem ez áll tünetei fókuszában.
Psilocybin for depression: Considerations for clinical trial design
Authors: O’Donnell Kelley C. , Mennenga Sarah E. , Bogenschutz Michael P.
Published: September 2019

Background and aims

Given the enormous global burden of depressive illness, there is an urgent need to develop novel and more effective treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD). Recent findings have suggested that psychedelic drugs may have a role in the treatment of depressive symptoms, and a number of groups are in the process of developing protocols to study this question systematically. Given the subjective quality of both the psychedelic experience and depressive symptomatology, great care must be taken when designing a protocol to study the clinical efficacy of psychedelic drugs. This study will discuss many factors to consider when designing a clinical trial of psilocybin for MDD.

Methods

We provide a thorough review of pertinent research into antidepressant clinical trial methodology and review practical considerations that are relevant to the study of psychedelic-assisted treatment for depression.

Results

We discuss participant selection (including diagnostic accuracy, exclusion criteria, characteristics of the depressive episode, and the use of concurrent medications), study interventions (including dosing regimens, placebo selection, non-pharmacological components of treatment, and the importance of blinding), trial duration, outcome measures, and safety considerations.

Conclusions

Careful and transparent study design and data analysis will maximize the likelihood of generating meaningful, reproducible results, and identifying a treatment-specific effect. Meeting the highest standards for contemporary trial design may also broaden the acceptance of psychedelic research in the scientific community at large.
Empatía en el proceso de cuidado en enfermería bajo la óptica de la teoría del reconocimiento: síntesis reflexiva
Authors: Amorin Zuchetto Milena , Engel Franciely Daiana , Pacheco de Medeiros Luciano Silveira , Silveira de Almeida Hammerschmidt Karina , Dornelles Schoeller Soraia
Published: September 2019

Introducción: La integración humanística-científica entre conocimiento científico y prácticas en salud tienen por objeto promover el cuidado dentro de la perspectiva constructiva del proceso de ayuda mutua y de confianza enfocada en la efectividad del cuidado. La esencia del cuidado en Enfermería se fundamenta en las relaciones de confianza y el vínculo entre enfermero y persona cuidada, dentro de esta lógica surge la empatía como el lazo que une las relaciones recíprocas de cuidado. Materiales y Métodos: Se trata de un estudio reflexivo cuyo objetivo era discutir sobre el cuidado realizado por profesionales de enfermería a través de la empatía a la luz de la Teoría del Reconocimiento. Resultados: El cruce de los datos se hizo a través de un eje filosófico central y dos categorías caracterizadoras: empatía en la contemporaneidad y la enfermería como ciencia del cuidado, buscando captar la esencia del reconocimiento en este proceso dialógico y recíproco. Discusión: En la literatura, la empatía, comprendida en el proceso de cuidado en enfermería, aparece como una construcción procesal y relacional entre el profesional y la persona, buscando establecer interdependencias con confianza mutua y recíproca. El reconocimiento del otro a través de la empatía es necesario para construir una relación de afecto y estima, con miras a tener relaciones de confianza y reciprocidad. Conclusiones: La empatía se construye en el cuidado de enfermería a través de la valorización íntima e individual de los involucrados, por medio del respeto, dignidad, civismo, compasión y superación de las diferencias.
Como citar este articulo: Zuchetto M, Engel F, Medeiros L, Hammerschmidt K, Schoeller S. Empatia no processo de cuidado em enfermagem sob a ótica da teoria do reonhecimento: síntese reflexiva. Rev Cuid. 2019; 10(3): e624. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v10i3.624
Elaboración y validación del contenido y apariencia de la cartilla “punción venosa periférica para la familia”
Authors: Sousa Gomes e Silva Cleonara , Lisboa Sara Dias , Marques dos Santos Luciano , Souza de Santana Carvalho Evanilda , da Silva Santos Passos Silvia , Santa Barbara da Silva Santos Silvone
Published: September 2019

Introducción: Durante la hospitalización del niño, en algunas situaciones clínicas, se necesita utilizar la Terapia Intravenosa por vía periférica, a través de la instalación de dispositivos intravenosos. Este procedimiento puede causar sentimientos negativos en la crianza, los cuales se pueden amenizar a través del uso de tecnologías didácticas e Instruccionales. De esta forma, el objetivo del estudio consiste en elaborar y validar el contenido y la apariencia de la cartilla titulada “Punción venosa periférica para la familia” con jurados especialistas en el área pediátrica. Materiales y Métodos: Se trata de una investigación metodológica del tipo elaboración y validación de cartilla educativa, realizada con siete jurados a través de la técnica Delphi. Para recolectar los datos se utilizó un instrumento estructurado que contenía variables categorizadas de la siguiente forma: contenido, lenguaje, ilustración, layout, motivación, cultura y aplicabilidad. Se adoptó como valor deseable el Índice de Validación de Contenido igual o superior a 0,80 para cada criterio evaluado. Resultados: En el estudio participaron siete jurados especialistas, todos del sexo femenino, enfermeras, de las cuales cinco son magister, una doctora y una especialista, que se desempeñaban en el campo de la educación, asistencia, investigación y extensión en el área pediátrica. La cartilla fue validada en la primera ronda de evaluación, obteniendo un Índice Global de Validación de Contenido de 0,98. Discusión y Conclusiones: Los jueces consideraron válida la cartilla propuesta en términos de contenido y apariencia, sugiriendo que este recurso educativo tiene potencial para ayudar en la educación en salud sobre la Cateterización Intravenosa Periférica impartida en niños. Cómo citar este artículo: Silva C, Lisboa S, Santos L, Carvalho S, Passos S, Santos S. Elaboração e validação de conteúdo e aparência da cartilha “Punção venosa periférica para a família”. Rev Cuid. 2019; 10(3): e830. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v10i3.830
Novel Methyl 4,6-O-Benzylidene--D-Glucopyranoside Derivatives: Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Evaluation of Antibacterial Activities
Authors: ISLAM Mirajul , ARİFUZZAMAN Arifuzzaman , RAHMAN Monjur , RAHMAN Mohammad Atiar , KAWSAR Sarkar Mohammad Abe Kawsar
Published: September 2019

Carbohydrates are the most abundant and the most diverse biopolymers in nature. Due to the importance of carbohydrates it is necessary to develop a new method for the synthesis of carbohydrate based drugs of the current global situation for health and disease. In this present work we demonstrate the synthesis of methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene--Dglucopyranoside derivatives by direct acylation method. The structures of the newly prepared compounds have been characterized and elucidated using various physico-chemical and spectroscopic methods including elemental analysis, melting point determination, infrared and proton NMR spectroscopy. A number of acyl derivatives were prepared in order to obtain a series of newer components for antibacterial screening experiments. These acylated derivatives were evaluated for in vitro antibacterial screening studies against four human pathogenic bacteria by disc diffusion method.
Wind power variability during the passage of cold fronts across South Africa
Authors: Dalton Amaris , Bekker Bernard , Kruger Andries
Published: September 2019

Wind is a naturally variable resource that fluctuates across timescales and, by the same token, the electricity generated by wind also fluctuates across timescales. At longer timescales, i.e., hours to days, synoptic-scale weather systems, notably cold fronts during South African winter months, are important instigators of strong wind conditions and variability in the wind resource. The variability of wind power production from aggregates of geographically disperse turbines for the passage of individual cold fronts over South Africa was simulated in this study. When considering wind power variability caused by synoptic-scale weather patterns, specifically cold fronts, the timescale at which analysis is conducted was found to be of great importance, as relatively small mean absolute power ramps at a ten-minute temporal resolution, order of 2-4% of simulated capacity, can result in large variations of total wind power production (at the order of 32–93% of simulated capacity) over a period of three to four days as a cold front passes. It was found that when the aggregate consists of a larger and more geographically dispersed set of turbines, as opposed to a smaller set of turbines specifically located within cold-front dominated high wind areas, variability and the mean absolute ramp rates decrease (or gets ‘smoothed’) across the timescales considered. It was finally shown that the majority of large simulated wind power ramp events observed during the winter months, especially at longer timescales, are caused by the passage of cold fronts.