bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation on Optical and Biological Properties of 2‐(4‐Dimethylaminophenyl)benzothiazole Based Cycloplatinated Complexes
Authors: Lara Rebeca , Millán Gonzalo , Moreno M. Teresa , Lalinde Elena , Alfaro‐Arnedo Elvira , López Icíar P. , Larráyoz Ignacio M. , Pichel José G.
Published: August 2021

The optical and biological properties of 2‐(4‐dimethylaminophenyl)benzothiazole cycloplatinated complexes featuring bioactive ligands ([{Pt(Me2N‐pbt)(C6F5)}L] [L=Me2N‐pbtH 1, p‐dpbH (4‐(diphenylphosphino)benzoic acid) 2, o‐dpbH (2‐(diphenylphosphino)benzoic acid) 3), [Pt(Me2N‐pbt)(o‐dpb)] 4, [{Pt(Me2N‐pbt)(C6F5)}2(μ‐PRnP)] [PR4P=O(CH2CH2OC(O)C6H4PPh2)2 5, PR12P=O{(CH2CH2O)3C(O)C6H4PPh2}2 6] are presented. Complexes 1–6 display 1ILCT and metal‐perturbed 3ILCT dual emissions. The ratio between both bands is excitation dependent, accomplishing warm‐white emissions for 2, 5 and 6. The phosphorescent emission is lost in aerated solutions owing to photoinduced electron transfer to 3O2 and the formation of 1O2, as confirmed in complexes 2 and 4. They also exhibit photoinduced phosphorescence enhancement in non‐degassed DMSO due to local oxidation of DMSO by sensitized 1O2, which causes a local degassing. Me2N‐pbtH and the complexes specifically accumulate in the Golgi apparatus, although only 2, 3 and 6 were active against A549 and HeLa cancer cell lines, 6 being highly selective in respect to nontumoral cells. The potential photodynamic property of these complexes was demonstrated with complex 4.
An echocardiographic model for predicting the recurrence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation
Authors: Miao Yuxia , Xu Min , Zhang Chunxu , Liu Huannian , Shao Xiaoliang , Wang Yuetao , Yang Junhua
Published: August 2021

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a highly prevalent arrhythmia, with substantial associated morbidity and mortality. Circumferential pulmonary vein ablation (CPVA) is an effective rhythm control strategy, however, recurrence is an important factor influencing treatment decisions.

Hypothesis

To develop a predictive model based on left atrial (LA) structure and function, and evaluate its efficiency in predicting the recurrence of AF after CPVA.

Methods

Patients with paroxysmal AF who underwent CPVA were enrolled in this study and randomly divided into a development set and a validation set. The clinical and echocardiographic data of each patient were collected. In the development set, a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to establish a LA ultrasound feature. By combining that LA ultrasound feature with independent clinical risk factors, we established an echocardiographic model using multivariate logistic regression and plotted the corresponding nomogram.

Results

The LA ultrasound feature established by LASSO regression included nine echocardiographic indicators related to LA structure and function. It also exhibited good predictive ability in both the development set and the validation set (AUC:0.944, 95%CI: 0.910–0.978; AUC:0.878, 95%CI: 0.816–0.942). Logistic regression analysis indicated that LA ultrasound feature and AF duration were independent predictors for AF recurrence. The combined model including LA ultrasound feature and AF duration also showed good discriminability in both the development set (AUC: 0.950, 95% CI:0.914–0.985) and the validation set (AUC: 0.890, 95% CI: 0.831–0.949). The calibration curve showed good agreement between the predicted value and observed value.

Conclusions

Our model that is based on LA structure and function measured by echocardiography is a useful non‐invasive preoperative tool, which exhibits good accuracy in predicting the recurrence of AF after CPVA.
National estimates of mental health service use and unmet needs among adult cancer survivors
Authors: Ji Xu , Marchak Jordan Gilleland , Mertens Ann C. , Curseen Kimberly A. , Zarrabi Ali J. , Cummings Janet R.
Published: August 2021

Background

Cancer survivors are at elevated risk for developing mental health (MH) disorders. This study assessed MH service use and unmet service needs among a nationally representative sample of cancer survivors.

Methods

Respondents aged 18 to 64 years were identified from the 2015‐2018 National Survey of Drug Use and Health data. Outcomes assessed past‐year MH service use and self‐reported unmet MH needs. Outcomes were compared between respondents who reported a cancer history (survivors) and those who did not (controls), descriptively and in adjusted analyses controlling for sociodemographic factors and health status. Analyses were stratified by age groups (18‐34, 35‐49, and 50‐64 years).

Results

Comparing 3540 survivors with 149,843 controls, within each age group, a higher proportion of survivors than controls received any MH service (P values < .05); this difference persisted among those aged 35 to 49 years (P = .004) in fully adjusted models. Moreover, a higher proportion of survivors than controls reported an unmet need for MH care; this difference was larger among young adults aged 18 to 34 years (20.8% vs 9.0%; P < .001) than those aged 35 to 49 years (9.4% vs 5.3%; P < .001) and 50 to 64 years (4.8% vs 3.4%; P = .029). In fully adjusted models, the survivor‐control difference in self‐reported unmet MH needs persisted among young adults (24% relative increase; P = .023). Among cancer survivors, young adult survivors had the highest likelihood of reporting unmet MH needs.

Conclusions

This nationally representative study found an increased perception of unmet needs for MH care among cancer survivors, particularly among young adult survivors, compared with the general population without cancer.
A proposal for risk‐based and strategy‐adapted de‐escalation in human papillomavirus‐positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wotman Michael T. , Miles Brett A. , Bakst Richard L. , Posner Marshall R.
Published: August 2021

The objective of de‐escalation for human papillomavirus‐positive oral oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is well recognized, but the optimal candidates and methods are currently unknown. To answer these important questions, this commentary proposes a risk‐based and strategy‐adapted approach to de‐escalation in the form of 3 complementary randomized controlled trials that compare rationally selected de‐escalation strategies in well defined risk groups.
Cytopathology of acinic cell carcinoma: A study of 50 cases, including 9 with high‐grade transformation
Authors: Wakely Paul E. , Lott‐Limbach Abberly A.
Published: August 2021

Background

Although largely readily recognizable in tissue sections, acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) remains diagnostically problematic in fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytopathology. The authors undertook an analysis of a large series of ACC aspirates, including acinic cell carcinoma with high‐grade transformation (ACC‐HGT).

Methods

The authors searched their cytopathology files for ACC cases with histopathologic confirmation. FNA biopsy was performed according to standard techniques.

Results

Fifty FNA biopsy cases of ACC (including 36 of parotid origin [72%]) from 41 patients (female to male ratio, 1.4:1; age range, 23‐84 years; average, 54 years) met the study inclusion requirements. Primary neoplasm aspirates were most common (72%), and they were followed by recurrent tumors (16%) and metastases (12%). A precise cytologic diagnosis was made for 64%. Three of 9 ACC‐HGT cases (33%) were correctly interpreted as such; 98% of conventional ACC cases were correctly graded as low‐grade. With the Milan classification system, 74% fit into the malignant category. Ancillary testing was performed for only 36%. Conventional ACC had moderately to highly cellular smears; monotonous cells in aggregates and single forms; rounded nuclei; and microvacuolated, finely granular, oncocyte‐like, or nonspecific cytoplasm. ACC‐HGT smears contained larger nuclei, high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios, coarse nuclear chromatin, and a loss of cytoplasmic granules/vacuoles.

Conclusions

A correct diagnosis of ACC via FNA biopsy was made in almost two‐thirds of the cases. With the Milan classification, 84% of the cases would have been classified as malignant or suspicious for malignancy. An absence of conventional serous acinar cell morphology in some cases as well as an absence of ancillary immunohistochemistry testing in almost two‐thirds of the cases prevented even better diagnostic performance.
A new methodology for secured inventory management by average fitness‐based colliding bodies optimization integrated with block chain under cloud
Authors: Chinnaraj Govindasamy , Antonidoss Arokiasamy
Published: August 2021

This article tries to develop the intelligent secured inventory management strategy by blockchain technology under cloud sector. Multiple suppliers, a manufacturer and multiple distributors are considered in the proposed model. The proposed inventory management is derived as a multi‐objective model, which is solved by the average fitness‐based colliding bodies optimization. A set of cost parameters like “transaction cost, inventory holding cost, shortage cost, transportation cost, time cost, setup cost, backordering cost, quality improvement cost, procurement cost, and stock‐out cost” is used for deriving the multi‐objective function. The optimal solution with the reduced cost function is stored in the block chain under cloud sector by each distributor, where a hash function is used by the distributor to secure the data that could not be visible to any other distributors. The proposed methodology aims to provide an important tool for the management of proposed echelon tree structured supply chains with block chain security under cloud sector that overcomes some of the deficiencies of competing methodologies.
Modified generalized quadrature spatial modulation performance over Nakagami‐m fading channel
Authors: Gunde Kiran , Sundru Anuradha
Published: August 2021

The modified generalized quadrature spatial modulation (mGQSM) scheme is introduced to improve the transmission rate of the spatial modulation (SM) and quadrature SM (QSM). In mGQSM, the information symbols are separated as real and imaginary coefficients, which are modulated on in‐phase and quadrature dimensions, respectively. In addition, this scheme presented a novel codebook design to enhance the rate of 1 bit per channel use over generalized QSM (GQSM). In this paper, we present mGQSM and reduced codebook mGQSM (RC‐mGQSM) system performances over Nakagami‐m, Rayleigh, and Rician fading channels. However, the Rayleigh fading is a special case of Nakagami‐m fading when m = 1. For the computer simulations, we use several values for the Nakagami parameter, m, and Rician factor, K. We present the mGQSM and RC‐mGQSM system performances and compare them to the GQSM, QSM, and SM system performances, using the maximum‐likelihood (ML) detection. For the RC‐mGQSM scheme, we present a low‐complexity detection method. We also present the performances of mGQSM and SM systems in the presence of imperfect channel conditions.
Biotin as a masking agent in chorionic gonadotropin assays utilizing biotinylated antibodies
Authors: Sobolevsky Tim , Ahrens Brian
Published: August 2021

Biotin interference in streptavidin/biotin‐based immunoassays has been recently recognized as a confounding factor in clinical settings. Depending on the nature of the assay, the presence of excess biotin in patient samples can cause falsely high or low results. One of the platforms known to be affected, Roche Cobas, is widely used in anti‐doping laboratories to test for intact chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in urine. While biotin levels in blood have been well studied, less is known about urinary biotin due to its limited clinical significance. Having analyzed over 4,000 urine samples, we have established a reference range for urinary biotin with a median concentration of approximately 12 ng/ml. However, a significant number of samples contain much higher amounts, with a maximum approaching 10 μg/ml, suggesting biotin supplementation. Consequently, the tolerance of hCG STAT assay towards biotin was investigated over a wide concentration range. The apparent hCG concentration was found to decrease almost linearly as biotin increased from 100 to 1,000 ng/ml, with only 10% of the expected value reported by the assay as biotin reached 1,000 ng/ml. Further increase of biotin resulted in a progressive, albeit more moderate, decline in measured hCG concentration. To avoid a false negative result in the context of anti‐doping analysis, it is highly recommended to monitor biotin in urine and perform diafiltration before hCG measurement in samples with elevated biotin to remove the interference.
“Signal‐on” Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Biosensing Method for the Determination of Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
Authors: Zhang Mengyu , Shi Liang , Liu Xiaoru , Qian Manping , Qi Honglan
Published: August 2021

A simple, selective and sensitive “signal‐on” electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) biosensing method was developed for matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP‐2). Ru(bpy)32+, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and Nafion were modified onto glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to form Ru(bpy)32+/AuNPs/Nafion/GCE as sensitive ECL platform and then ferrocene (Fc) labeled peptide was assembled onto the modified electrode to form ECL biosensing platform. The ECL intensity increased when the ECL biosensing electrode reacted with MMP‐2 because of MMP‐2‐induced cleavage of Fc labeled peptide. The ECL method was applied to determine MMP‐2 with detection limit of 0.3 ng/mL and one‐step recognition, which is promising for point‐of‐care test of protease.
Glucometer‐based Ultra‐sensitive BRAF V600E Mutation Detection Facilitated by Magnetic Nanochains and a Self‐made Point‐of‐Care (POC) Device
Authors: Wang Chang , Yu Jingyuan , Qi Lijuan , Yu Jiaxue , Yang Meiting , Du Yan
Published: August 2021

We realized the user‐friendly and field‐based point‐of‐care detection on a self‐made portable device with the aid of personal glucose meter (PGM) for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of melanoma and colon cancer marker BRAF V600E with good sensitivity and selectivity by integrating the loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction and the strand exchange signal transduction. The device is equipped with a rotating magnetic field as well as a heating element, under which the pre‐added magnetic nanochains (MNCs) help to homogenize the reaction mixture and overcome the low diffusion efficacy of the reactant and the required temperature for different reactions can be met.
Heterogeneous aluminum oxide/calcium oxide catalyzed transesterification of Mespilus germanica triglyceride for biodiesel production
Authors: Qasemi Zeinab , Jafari Dariush , Jafari Kourosh , Esmaeili Hossein
Published: August 2021

As a new feedstock, Mespilus Germanica (M. germanica) kernel oil was used for the first time to produce biodiesel by Al2O3/CaO nanocatalyst and optimize the transesterification process operating conditions using Taguchi method. Considering Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results, the applied catalyst had an adequate surface area and appropriate surface porosity for biodiesel production. Additionally, gas chromatography analysis showed that linoleic acid (42.76%) and oleic acid (40.57%) were the main constituents of the extracted oil. Based on experiments output the highest transesterification yield which was achieved in the optimal conditions (25°C, 2 h, methanol to oil ratio of 12:1, and catalyst wt of 0.5%) was 96.68%, which was an excellent yield compared to similar works. The results showed that the overall trend of production yield with temperature was downward while it saw a significant increase with time. Besides, the conversion yield registered a rise after the initial decrease with methanol to oil ratio and catalyst concentration had the opposite effect. Additionally, regeneration studies showed that the current catalyst can be used for 3 cycles with acceptable conversion yields. The physicochemical properties of the derived oil were characterized and compared with the ASTM D5671 and EN14214 standards, which were found to be highly comply with them.
Adoption of battery electric vehicles for reduction of greenhouse gases and air pollutant emissions: A case study of the United States
Authors: Afkhami Behdad , Akbarian Babak , Ansari Ehsan
Published: August 2021

Due to zero tailpipe emissions, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are considered an alternative for internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) toward a cleaner transportation. However, since the BEVs are powered by electricity, the environmental impact of the electricity supply should be examined meticulously. This article focuses on greenhouse gases (GHGs), NOx, PM10, and PM2.5 emissions due to the generation of electricity for the overall US electricity consumption and each of the US 50 states. By considering different energy resources, the amount of emissions produced during the electricity generation phase were calculated. In addition, an analysis of the effect of driving patterns was carried out and extended via the Monte Carlo method. The results were then compared to ICEV average emissions. The results revealed that when the overall US electricity generation is considered, only the total emission of GHG, NOx, and PM2.5 would benefit from switching from ICEVs to BEVs. Regarding the urban share emission, shifting from the ICEVs to BEVs can have a positive effect on reducing all the emissions (GHG, NOx, PM10, and PM2.5). In addition, from the US 50 states, only California, Connecticut, Idaho, Main, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Vermont, and Washington are ready to take the advantage of emissions' reduction by switching over to the BEVs.
Temporal Variability of Microparticles Under the Seattle Aquarium, Washington State: Documenting the Global Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Harris Lyda S.T. , La Beur Laura , Olsen Amy Y. , Smith Angela , Eggers Lindsey , Pedersen Emily , Van Brocklin Jennifer , Brander Susanne M. , Larson Shawn
Published: August 2021

Anthropogenic debris including microparticles (<5 mm) are ubiquitous in marine environments. The Salish Sea experiences seasonal fluctuations in precipitation, river discharge, sewage overflow events, and tourism—all variables previously thought to have an impact on microparticle transport and concentrations. Our goals are two-fold: 1) describe long-term microparticle contamination data including concentration, type, and size; and 2) determine if seasonal microparticle concentrations are dependent on environmental or tourism variables in Elliott Bay, Salish Sea. We sampled 100 L of seawater at a depth of approximately 9 m at the Seattle Aquarium, Seattle, Washington State, United States, approximately every two weeks from 2019 through 2020 and used an oil extraction protocol to separate microparticles. We found that microparticle concentrations ranged from 0 to 0.64 particles L−1 and fibers were the most common type observed. Microparticle concentrations exhibited a breakpoint on 10 April 2020, where estimated slope and associated microparticle concentration significantly declined. Further, when considering both environmental as well as tourism variables, temporal microparticle concentration was best described by a mixed-effects model, with tourism as the fixed effect and the person counting microparticles as the random effect. Although monitoring efforts presented set out to identify effects of seasonality and interannual differences in microparticle concentrations, it instead captured an effect of decreased tourism due to the global Covid-19 pandemic. Long-term monitoring is critical to establish temporal microparticle concentrations and to help researchers understand if there are certain events, both seasonal and sporadic (e.g., rain events, tourism, or global pandemics), when the marine environment is more at risk from anthropogenic pollution. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:917–930. © 2021 Seattle Aquarium. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Provenance of northern Gondwana Lower Ordovician sandstones (Khabour Formation, northern Iraq) revealed by detrital zircon using LA‐ICP‐MS dating
Authors: Omer Muhamed F. , Friis Henrik , Kokfelt Thomas F. , Thomsen Tonny B.
Published: August 2021

We present new zircon U/Pb provenance data using laser ablation induced coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (LA‐ICP‐MS) for eight samples of mature quartz arenites and subarkosic sandstones of the Lower Ordovician Khabour Formation, northern Iraq, to establish their depositional age and provenance. The samples were collected from thin‐ to medium‐bedded sandstones along profiles of the Chalky Nasara and Ora sections. Most analysed detrital zircon analyses are concordant within 100 ± 10% and include a prevalence of Proterozoic over Archean ages. Collectively, the data can be divided into four main age groups: (a) Neoproterozoic ages, 570–1,000 Ma (58%); (b) Mesoproterozoic ages, 1,000–1,500 Ma (10%); (c) Palaeoproterozoic ages, 1,620–2,480 Ma (21%); and (d) Archean ages, 2,500–3,300 Ma (11%). The predominance of Cryogenian–Ediacaran ages (850–550 Ma) reflects major magmatic events associated with the assembly of northern Gondwana. The major age group at ~600 Ma likely represents the unroofing of late‐stage granitic rocks from the Arabian‐Nubian Shield. The lack of zircons younger than 490 Ma suggests that Lower Ordovician sandstones in northern Iraq were probably deposited on the distal shelf of the northern Gondwana passive margin and were not influenced by rifting and magmatism in northern Gondwana caused by the opening of Palaeo‐Tethys. Diagenetic xenotime overgrowths are common on detrital zircon grains, but radiometric dating of these was not possible.
Religious coping and psychological well‐being in Latino Alzheimer's caregivers
Authors: Gonyea Judith G. , O’Donnell Arden E.
Published: August 2021

Objectives

Prior research has demonstrated the benefits of religion on caregiver well‐being; however, less research exists on the processes underlying this relationship, particularly in Latino Alzheimer's disease (AD) families. This study's aim was therefore to explore the direct and indirect influences of positive religious coping (RC‐P) and negative religious coping (RC‐N) on caregivers' experiences of depression and anxiety.

Methods

The data are from the Circulo de Cuidado Study baseline interviews; participant eligibility criteria were that the person identifies as being Latino, providing at least 5 h of care weekly, and their relative has an AD diagnosis and neuropsychiatric symptoms. In person at‐home interviews were conducted in Spanish with 67 caregivers. Religious coping was assessed with the Brief RCOPE; depression and anxiety were measured with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale‐Spanish version and State Anxiety Inventory. Multivariate regression analyses, controlling for caregiving stressors, were used to test our core hypotheses.

Results

As hypothesized, RC‐N had significant direct effect on depression (p < 0.001) and anxiety (p < 0.001) as well as partially mediated the relationship between caregiver subjective stressor and depression (p < 0.01) and anxiety (p < 0.01). However, contrary to our hypothesis, RC‐P did not have a direct or indirect effects on psychological well‐being.

Conclusions

Our findings are consistent with other studies linking RC‐N to poorer caregiver outcomes. Caregivers who questioned God's power, perceived God punishing them, or felt abandoned by God reported greater levels of depression and anxiety. The results suggest that caregivers experiencing religious distress may feel overwhelmed and view a more hopeless future.
Heat and mass transfer on MHD convective flow over an infinite vertical porous plate with the heat source and chemical reaction
Authors: Ravi Kumar Nandyala , Vijaya Rachamallu Bhuvana
Published: August 2021

It is considered that the magnetohydrodynamic free convective flow of an incompressible electrically conducting fluid through a porous medium past a vertical absorbent surface. The homogeneous transverse magnetic field is considered in the existence of heat source and chemical reaction in the rotating frame. The accurate solutions of the velocity, temperature, and concentration are acquired systematically making use of the perturbation method. The consequences of a variety of governing flow parameters on the velocity, temperature, and concentration are analyzed through graphical profiles. Computational outcomes for the skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number through the tabular format were also examined.
Acidification recovery in a changing climate: Observations from thirty‐five years of stream chemistry monitoring in forested headwater catchments at the Turkey Lakes watershed, Ontario
Authors: Webster Kara L. , Leach Jason A. , Houle Daniel , Hazlett Paul W. , Emilson Erik J. S.
Published: August 2021

Long‐term ecosystem studies are valuable for understanding integrated ecosystem response to global changes in atmospheric deposition and climate. We examined trends for a 35‐year period (1982/83–2017/18) in concentrations of a range of solutes in precipitation and stream water from nine headwater catchments spanning elevation and surficial geology gradients at the Turkey Lakes watershed (TLW) in northeastern Ontario, Canada. Average annual water year (WY, October to September) concentrations in precipitation significantly declined over the period for sulphate (SO42−), nitrate (NO3−) and chloride (Cl−), while calcium (Ca2+) and potassium (K+) concentrations increased, resulting in a significant pH increase from 4.2 to 5.7. Trends in stream chemistry through time are generally consistent with expectations associated with acidification recovery. Concentration of many stream water solutes (SO42−, Cl−, calcium [Ca2+], magnesium [Mg2+] and NH4+ generally decreased, while others (silica [SiO2] and dissolved organic carbon [DOC]) generally increased. Increases were also observed for alkalinity (six of nine catchments), acid neutralizing capacity ([ANC]; six of nine catchments) and pH (eight of nine catchments), while conductivity declined (six of nine catchments). Variability in trends among catchments are associated with differences in surficial geology and wetland cover. While absolute solute concentrations were generally lower at bedrock dominated high‐elevation catchments compared to till dominated lower elevation catchments, the rate of change of concentration was often greater for high elevation catchments. This study confirms continued, but non‐linear stream chemistry recovery from acidification, particularly at the less buffered high and moderate elevation sites. The heterogeneity of responses among catchments highlights our incomplete understanding of the relative importance of different mechanisms influencing stream chemistry and the consequences for downstream ecosystems.
Cramdown, reorganization bargaining and inefficient markets: The cases of the United States and China
Authors: Gao Simin
Published: August 2021

The cramdown rule (11 USC s 1,129(b)) originates from the U.S. 1978 Bankruptcy Code as an innovative mechanism. The cramdown provision is rarely used in judicial practice in the United States. However, it is a key rule to understand the parties' bargaining structure. The inactive cramdown provision yet has been widely transplanted into other jurisdictions, including China. Little literature exists to explore the economic rationale of cramdown provision mainly because of its inactiveness in practice. This research explores the economic function of the cramdown provision in an inefficient market, using the cases of United States and China. This research observes that the cramdown provisions can only effectively function with the essential conditions and elements, such as the Best Interests of the Creditors Test, good faith, feasibility, fairness and equitability as well as the absolute priority rule. Therefore, the partial transplantation of the cramdown provision might not be effective.
Dual trajectories of parenting self‐efficacy and depressive symptoms in new, postpartum mothers and socioemotional adjustment in early childhood: A growth mixture model
Authors: Barboza Gia Elise , Schiamberg Lawrence
Published: August 2021

Postpartum depression and low parental self‐efficacy (PSE) are risk factors for poor child behavior. Little is known, however, about the course of dual trajectories of cooccurring depressive symptoms and PSE or its impact on children's socioemotional development. This study sought to identify trajectories of postpartum PSE and depressive symptoms in new, first‐time mothers using growth mixture modeling. Results demonstrated a class of women with “low risk” (88.8%) who manifested low levels of depression and high levels of PSE during the postpartum period; a second group of women, labeled “early risk” (6.3%) with high levels of depression that decreased over time but lower levels of PSE that remained fairly stable; and a final trajectory group deemed the “late‐risk” class (4.9%) with initially low levels of depression and high levels of PSE that significantly increased and decreased, respectively, over the period. Early childhood trauma, parenting stress, and poor parenting practices were associated membership in a high‐risk class. Mothers in the high‐risk groups reported children with more aggressive and defiant behavior at age 3. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for developing effective and sensitive interventions.
Dual drug release mechanisms through mesoporous silica nanoparticle/electrospun nanofiber for enhanced anticancer efficiency of curcumin
Authors: Xu Liguo , Li Wei , Sadeghi‐Soureh Shima , Amirsaadat Soumaye , Pourpirali Raheleh , Alijani Sepideh
Published: August 2021

Electrospun nanofibers (NFs)‐based drug delivery approaches are of particular interest as a hopeful implantable nanoplatform for localized cancer therapy and treating tissue defect after resection, allowing the on‐site drug delivery with minimal side effect to healthy cells. To maintain therapeutic concentrations of anticancer molecules for a relatively long time through a combination of burst and sustained drug release mechanisms, a hybrid of polycaprolactone and gelatin (PCL/GEL) was used for co‐encapsulation of free curcumin (CUR) and CUR‐loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (CUR@MSNs) via electrospinning, resulting in a novel drug‐loaded nanofibrous scaffold, CUR/CUR@MSNs‐NFs. The as‐prepared MSNs and composite NFs were characterized via TGA, FTIR, FE‐SEM, TEM, and BET. In vitro release profile of CUR from CUR/CUR@MSNs‐NFs was examined, and the in vitro antitumor efficacy against MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells was also evaluated through MTT, scratch assay, DAPI staining, and real‐time PCR. The results disclosed that the smooth, bead‐free, and randomly oriented CUR/CUR@MSNs‐NFs displayed a combination of initial rapid discharge and sustained release for CUR, which led to higher cytotoxicity, lower migration as well as a more pronounced effect on apoptosis induction than CUR‐NFs and CUR@MSNs‐NFs. The present study illustrated that the dual drug release mechanisms through MSN/NF‐mediated drug delivery systems might have a highly hopeful application as a localized implantable scaffold for potential postoperative breast cancer therapy.
Pharmacologic Interventions for Fracture Risk Reduction in the Oldest Old: What Is the Evidence?
Authors: Sfeir Jad G , Pignolo Robert J
Published: August 2021

With an increasingly older population, the proportion of patients 85 years or older seeking interventions to protect their musculoskeletal health is growing. Osteoporosis in the geriatric population presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Multimorbidity, frailty, falls, polypharmacy, and other neurobehavioral factors influence our approach to fracture prevention in this population. The vast majority of the evidence from clinical trials establish pharmacologic fracture efficacy in postmenopausal women. The evidence is scarce for the oldest old men and women, a population also at risk for adverse events and mortality. Most studies show continued efficacy of pharmacologic interventions in this age group, although they are largely limited by small sample sizes. We herein review the available evidence of pharmacologic interventions for fracture risk reduction in this population and explore the emerging senotherapeutic interventions in the pipeline. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Systemic PPARγ Antagonism Reduces Metastatic Tumor Progression in Adipocyte-Rich Bone in Excess Weight Male Rodents
Authors: Gaculenko Anastasia , Gregoric Gasper , Popp Vanessa , Seyler Lisa , Ringer Mark , Kachler Katerina , Wu Zhengquan , Kisel Wadim , Hofbauer Christine , Hofbauer Lorenz C. , Uder Michael , Schett Georg , Bäuerle Tobias , Bozec Aline
Published: August 2021

Primary tumors are widely associated with an excess in body fat. The role of adipose tissue on tumor cell homing to bone is yet poorly defined. In this study, we aimed to assess whether bone colonization by tumor cells is favored by an adipocyte-rich bone marrow. We delineated the accompanying alterations of the bone microenvironment and established a treatment approach that interferes with high fat diet (HFD)-induced bone metastasis formation. We were able to show that adipocytes affect skeletal tumor growth in a metastatic model of breast cancer in male rats and melanoma in male mice as well as in human breast cancer bone biopsies. Indeed, HFD-induced bone marrow adiposity was accompanied by accelerated tumor progression and increased osteolytic lesions. In human bone metastases, bone marrow adiposity correlated with tumor cell proliferation. By antagonization of the adipocyte differentiation and storage pathway linked to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) with bisphenol-A-diglycidylether (BADGE), we were able to decelerate tumor progression and subsequent osteolytic damage in the bones of two distinct metastatic animal models exposed to HFD. Overall these data show that adipose tissue is a critical factor in bone metastases and cancer-induced bone loss. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Nationwide practices in the use of central venous catheters for therapeutic plasma exchange in the inpatient setting
Authors: Chopra Saurav , Garg Aayushi , Schlueter Annette J. , Blau John L.
Published: August 2021

Introduction

Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is often impacted by difficulties in obtaining an adequate and safe vascular access. This study evaluated the rates, predictive factors, and clinical outcomes associated with central venous catheter (CVC) use during the inpatient TPE procedures.

Methods

The Nationwide Readmissions Database, 2016 to 2017 was used to identify hospitalizations with TPE with and without CVC insertion.

Results

During the study period, there were 35 429 hospitalizations with TPE (pediatric 6.1%, mean ± standard deviation (SD) age 50.9 ± 20.0 years, female 52.7%). CVC insertion was documented in 24 414 (73.4%) adult and 1596 (73.5%) pediatric hospitalizations. In pediatric patients, age >15 years, higher disease severity, and private insurance were associated with higher odds of CVC insertion. In adults, female sex, obesity, concurrent hemodialysis, and higher disease severity were associated with CVC insertion. Adults with private insurance and both adult and pediatric hospitalizations at the teaching hospitals had lower odds of CVC placement. All patients with CVC insertion had longer length of hospital stay, and adults with CVC insertion also had higher hospital charges, higher in‐hospital mortality, and lower likelihood of being discharged to home.

Conclusion

CVC insertion is performed for the majority of inpatient TPE procedures and CVC use appears to correlate with worse clinical outcomes.
Rare case of advanced rectal cancer with multiple liver and bone metastases presenting with McKittrick–Wheelock syndrome
Authors: Fukushima Hirofumi , Murakami Takashi , Suzuki Nobuyuki , Shibuya Tomoyoshi , Yao Takashi , Nagahara Akihito
Published: August 2021

McKittrick–Wheelock syndrome (MWS) is a rare entity that has been described as electrolyte and fluid depletion secondary to secretory diarrhea caused by a large villous tumor in the colon or rectum. Most tumors associated with MWS are large but benign villous adenomas. Advanced cancers are seldom reported. We report a rare case of advanced rectal cancer with multiple liver and bone metastases presenting with MWS. A 59‐year‐old man was admitted to our hospital with a more than 3‐year history of chronic mucous diarrhea. Laboratory data revealed hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, and renal failure. Based on the findings on colonoscopy, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, he was diagnosed with advanced rectal cancer with liver and bone metastases, and MWS. Following intravenous fluid treatment, abdominoperineal resection of the rectum with lymph node dissection was performed. The surgically resected specimen was a circumferential villous tumor measuring 110 × 80 mm. Histological examination of the resected specimens revealed signet ring cell carcinoma with villous adenoma and metastasis in regional lymph nodes. The renal dysfunction and electrolyte abnormalities that were present before surgery improved. Two courses of capecitabine were administered as adjuvant chemotherapy after the surgery. However, approximately 2 months after surgery, he died of poor general condition due to progression of the liver metastases.
Enzymatic recognition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in human plasma samples using HRP immobilized on the surface of poly(arginine‐toluidine blue)‐ Fe3O4 nanoparticles modified polydopamine; A novel biosensor
Authors: Sardaremelli Sanam , Hasanzadeh Mohammad , Seidi Farzad
Published: August 2021

In this study, an innovative strategy was proposed for the electrocatalytical reduction and enzymatic biosensing of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) using chronoamperometry technique. For the first time, immobilization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in polydopamine‐modified magnetic nanoparticles (PDA‐MNPs) was successfully performed. Also, poly(l‐arginine/toluidine blue) film–modified glassy carbon electrode was constructed through co‐electropolymerization of l‐arginine and toluidine blue on the surface of GCE using cyclic voltammetry technique. The engineered hybrid thin film provides strong functionalities for efficient grafting of PDA‐MNPs which, in turn, enable the covalent immobilization of HRP. The proposed biosensor was used for the detection of H2O2 in the range of 0.5‐30 μM with a low limit of quantification 0.23 μM. It also was successfully applied for the investigation of hydrogen peroxide in human plasma samples.
Sensitive and selective detection of amitrole based on molecularly imprinted nanosensor
Authors: Çakır Oğuz , Bakhshpour Monireh , Göktürk Ilgım , Yılmaz Fatma , Baysal Zübeyde
Published: August 2021

Herein, a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)‐based nanosensor was fabricated using molecular imprinting technique for the selective and sensitive detection of amitrole, a commonly used highly toxic pesticide. For this purpose, polymeric nanofilms involving N‐methacryloyl‐l‐tryptophan methyl ester and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate which are functional monomer and cross‐linker, respectively, were prepared on the SPR chips surface via the ultravoilet polymerization method. The nanofilms were characterized by several techniques such as ellipsometry, Fourier transform infrared‐attenuated total reflection, atomic force microscope and contact angle measurements. The kinetic analyses for amitrole detection were examined through amitrole‐imprinted and non‐imprinted SPR sensor chips. The developed imprinted sensor showed high selectivity to the amitrole molecule than similar molecules and a good linear relationship for the 0.06‐11.90 nM concentration range with a low limit of detection value of 0.037 nM. The high imprinting efficiency (I.F: 62.38) of the amitrole‐imprinted SPR sensor was determined by comparing it with the non‐imprinted SPR sensor. The most suitable model of this sensor is the Langmuir adsorption model. To statistically assess the reusability of the sensor, intraday experiments were tested three times with five replicates. The relative standard deviation% value less than <1.5 indicates high reproducibility for both sensor production and reproducibility of the method. The prepared sensor was also applied efficiently for the selective detection of the amitrole in spiked samples prepared from vegetables to evaluate the matrix effect. As a result, amitrole‐imprinted SPR sensors have been estimated to be highly selective, fast responsive, easy to use, reusable and sensitive in detecting amitrole in both natural source and aqueous solutions. Label‐free amitrole detection was performed by an aminoacid‐based SPR sensor fabricated without the need for complex coupling processes.
Uric acid and incident atrial fibrillation of 14 years population‐based cohort study: The Suita Study
Authors: Kobayashi Takashi , Kokubo Yoshihiro , Higashiyama Aya , Watanabe Makoto , Nakao Yoko M. , Kamakura Shiro , Kusano Kengo , Miyamoto Yoshihiro
Published: August 2021

Background

Higher baseline uric acid (UA) was significantly associated with higher atrial fibrillation (AF) incidence in Japanese women. However, no prospective study is evident in the association between UA and incident AF in Japanese urban residents.

Methods

A total of 6863 participants (aged 30‐79 years; 47% men) without prior AF were followed for 13.9 years on average in the Suita Study. According to the UA categories, cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimating the Hazard Ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident AF.

Results

During 95178 person‐years of follow‐up, we observed 311 cases of incident AF (204 cases in men and 107 cases in women). Compared to the subjects with UA of 4.0‐4.9 mg/dL, multivariable‐adjusted HR (95% CIs) of incident AF was 1.50 (1.01‐2.25) (P = .047) for the subjects with UA ≥7.0 mg/dL.

Conclusion

High UA was associated with an increased risk for incident AF in the Japanese population.
Stabilization of Pickering emulsion using tragacanth nanoparticles produced by a combination of ultrasonic and anti‐solvent methods
Authors: Kolahi Parisa , Shekarchizadeh Hajar , Nasirpour Ali
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

Because of the high surface/volume ratio in nanometric size particles, they exhibit novel functional properties in many industries, such as emulsion stabilization. Tragacanth nanoparticles (TNPs) were prepared in this research, applying intense ultrasound energy followed by anti‐solvent precipitation in ethanol.

RESULTS

Investigation of wettability showed a contact angle of 88.9 ± 1.7° for TNPs, providing partial wetting of the nanoparticles at the oil–water interface. Pickering emulsions were prepared using TNPs at different oil contents. Also, emulsions containing tragacanth gum solution were prepared as control emulsions. Results showed that the viscosity of the emulsions prepared by the TNPs was significantly lower than those of the control emulsions. Microscopic images showed that the size of the emulsion droplets decreased by increasing the nanoparticle concentrations. Evaluation of the stability of the emulsions showed that changes in the average diameter of the emulsion droplets stabilized by nanoparticles were not significant after 1 month of storage at room temperature. In contrast, the size of the droplet of control emulsions increased over the 30 days of storage. Thermal and mechanical stresses confirmed the effect of the concentration of TNPs and the oil ratio on the stability of the emulsions.

CONCLUSION

The use of TNPs as a natural biopolymer is a promising approach in emulsion systems to prevent coalescence and increase the stability of the Pickering emulsions. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
A Population‐Based Analysis of Outpatient Thyroidectomy: Safe and Under‐Utilized
Authors: Noel Christopher W. , Griffiths Rebecca , Siu Jennifer , Forner David , Urbach David , Freeman Jeremy , Goldstein David P. , Irish Jonathan C. , Higgins Kevin M. , Devon Karen , Pasternak Jesse D , Eskander Antoine
Published: August 2021

Objectives/Hypothesis

Performance of thyroidectomy on an outpatient basis has gained popularity although many jurisdictions have not shifted their practice despite a strong safety profile. We sought to assess the uptake and safety of outpatient thyroidectomy in Ontario.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

This was a population‐based retrospecive cohort of adult patients undergoing hemithyroidectomy or total thyroidectomy between 1993 and 2017 in Ontario, Canada. Outpatient surgery was defined as discharge home on the same day of surgery. Outcomes of interest include 30‐day all cause death, hematoma, emergency department use, and readmission. To adjust for confounding, propensity scores were calculated. Logistic regression models with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) were then used to estimate the exposure‐outcome relationship.

Results

The final cohort consisted of 81,199 patients: 8,442 underwent same day surgery and 72,757 were admitted. The proportion of patients undergoing outpatient thyroidectomy increased overtime (2.3% in 1993–1994 to 17.8% in 2016–2017). Factors associated with higher odds of outpatient thyroidectomy included: younger age, less material deprivation, less comorbidities, and higher surgeon volume. The absolute number of deaths (≤5) and hematomas (64, 0.8%) in the outpatient cohort was low. After IPTW adjustment, patients with outpatient management had lower odds of neck hematoma (OR 0.73[95CI% 0.58–0.93)], but higher odds of emergency department use (OR 1.67[95%CI 1.56–1.79]).

Conclusions

Outpatient thyroidectomy is not associated with an increased mortality risk. Less than one in five patients undergo outpatient thyroidectomy in Ontario, despite a well‐established safety profile.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 131:2625–2633, 2021
Vocal Fold Movement and Silent Aspiration After Congenital Heart Surgery
Authors: Narawane Amit , Rappazzo Christina , Hawney Jean , Clason Hallie , Roddy Dantin J. , Ongkasuwan Julina
Published: August 2021

Objectives/Hypothesis

Infants who undergo congenital heart surgery are at risk of developing vocal fold motion impairment (VFMI) and swallowing difficulties. This study aims to describe the dysphagia in this population and explore the associations between surgical complexity and vocal fold mobility with dysphagia and airway protection.

Study Design

Retrospective chart review.

Methods

This is a retrospective chart review of infants (age <12 months) who underwent congenital heart surgery between 7/2008 and 1/2018 and received a subsequent videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS). Demographic information, Society of Thoracic Surgeons‐European Association for Cardio‐Thoracic Surgery (STAT) category of each surgery, vocal fold mobility status, and VFSS findings were collected and analyzed.

Results

Three hundred and seventy‐four patients were included in the study. Fifty‐four percent of patients were male, 24% were premature, and the average age at the time of VFSS was 59 days. Sixty percent of patients had oral dysphagia and 64% of patients had pharyngeal dysphagia. Fifty‐one percent of patients had laryngeal penetration and 45% had tracheal aspiration. Seventy‐three percent of these aspirations were silent. There was no association between surgical complexity, as defined by the STAT category, and dysphagia or airway protection findings. Patients with VFMI after surgery were more likely to have silent aspiration (odds ratio = 1.94, P < .01), even when adjusting for other risk factors.

Conclusion

Infants who undergo congenital heart surgery are at high risk for VFMI and aspiration across all five STAT categories. This study demonstrates the high prevalence of silent aspiration in this population and the need for thorough postoperative swallow evaluation.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 132:701–705, 2022