bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bio-composite Material on the Basis of Carbonized Rice Husk in Biomedicine and Environmental Applications
Authors: Mansurov Z. , Digel I. , Biisenbaev M. , Savitskaya I. , Kistaubaeva A. , Akimbekov N. , Zhubanova A.
Published: October 2015

The future prospects for biomedical and environmental engineering applications of heterogeneous materials on the basis of nano-structured carbonized rice husk are studied. The use of the nano-structured carbonized sorbents as delivery vehicles for the oral administration of probiotic microorganisms has a very big potential for improving functionality, safety and stability of probiotic preparations. The other possible mechanism of nano-structured carbonized sorbents is wound healing activity; the results demonstrated that the use of this material may offer multiple specific advantages in topical wound management. For bioremediation purposes nano-structured carbonized sorbents can be applied as bio-composite sorbent with immobilized microbial consortium consisting of bacterial strains with high oil-oxidizing activity.
Study of Production of Rubber-Bitumen Compounds
Authors: Austruy F. , Tileuberdi Ye. , Ongarbaev Ye. , Mansurov Z.
Published: October 2015

In this article were investigated ways of production of Rubber-Bitumen Compounds (RBC). The physico-mechanical characteristics of paving bitumen BND 60/90 modified with rubber crumb from spent tire and spent engine oil. The structure of rubber crumb was characterized by optical microscopy and physico-mechanical characteristics of rubber-bitumen compounds are determined by standard methods. It established that the quantity of entered rubber-oil depending (ratio 3:2) on physical and chemical conditions. 15-25 wt.% rubber-oil modified bitumens were according to variety standard of RBC.
Physicochemical Properties of Potential Cathode La1-xBaxMn1-yCryO3 and Anode Sr2NiMoO6 Materials for Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Filonova E.A. , Dmitriev A.S.
Published: October 2015

The homogeneity area boundaries of La1-xBaxMn1-yCryO3 solid solutions possessing orthorhombic and rhombohedral structures were established. A state diagram at 1373 K in air in the quaternary oxide system LaMnO3-BaMnO3-BaCrO4-LaCrO3 was drawn for the first time. Partial substitution of Mn with Cr in La1-xBaxMnO3 stored the thermal compatibility of the cathode with the any traditionally used electrolyte but reduced the electric conductivity of the potential cathode. Based on the linear lengthening measurements of La1-xBaxMn1-yCryO3 and Sr2NiMoO6 samples the values of the thermal expansion coefficients were calculated. It was established that the temperature of the structure transition from a tetragonal to a cubic phase in Sr2NiMoO6 occurred at 508 K. It was stated that double perovskite Sr2NiMoO6 in air did not react with (La0.9Sr0.1)0.98Ga0.8Mg0.2O3 up to 1073 K.
Assessment of a Shallow Water Model using a Linear Turbulence Model for Obstruction-Induced Discontinuous Flows
Authors: Pu Jaan Hui , Bakenov Zhumabay , Adair Desmond
Published: October 2015

Assessment of the performance of a shallow water model with closure using a linear k-ε turbulence model is made for various obstruction-induced discontinuous flows. The monotone upwind scheme of conservative laws (MUSCL) - Hancock scheme is used, together with the Harten Lax van Leer (HLL) approximate Riemann solver in the discretization of the finite volume shallow water model. These kinds of models contribute to the improvement of optimized design of various processes in chemical
engineering and technology. Two obstructed flow applications are presented, namely, single obstruction and multiple obstruction induced discontinuous flows; and the ability of the shallow water model with the k-ε based turbulence model to predict these applications are assessed. The simulation results of the shallow water model are compared with those found by direct numerical simulation (DNS) and experimental measurements in the literature.
Optimization of Decomposition Process of Karatau Phosphorites
Authors: Myrzakhmetova B. , Besterekov U. , Petropavlovsky I. , Ahnazarova S. , Kiselev V. , Romanova S.
Published: October 2015

Phosphorous-acid process of Karatau phosphorites’ decomposition has been studied. The impact of temperature, time and acid rate on decomposition process of phosphate raw material, the conditions ensuring maximum degree of phosphorite decomposition have been identified. Variance estimate of experiment results’ reproducibility has been carried out by mathematical statistics method; the coefficients of regression equations have been set. The significance of regression equation coefficients has been checked up by Student’s criterion, and the adequacy of regression equation to experiment has been checked up by Fisher's criterion. With the use of utopian point method the parameters of studied raw materials’ decomposition have been optimized.
Oxidation of 3- and 4-Methylpyridines on Vanadium-Anatase and Vanadium-Rutile Catalysts
Authors: Yugay O.K. , Mikhailovskaya T.P. , Sembaev D.Kh. , Vorobyev P.B.
Published: October 2015

Heterogeneous catalytic vapor-phase oxidation of methylpyridines is “green”, the most simple and perspective method for obtaining pyridinecarboxylic acids. Vanadium-titanium catalysts have a wide application in some important industrial processes of oxidation. Oxidation of 3-and 4-methylpyridine on vanadium-titanium catalysts has been investigated and for its preparation various titanium crystal modifications were used. Characterization of the catalysts was carried out by using the X-ray diffraction, N2-adsorbtion and thermal dissociation of V2O5. It was found that the use of anatase type of TiO2 with a higher BET surface area enhances the activity of the vanadium-titanium catalyst extremely. XRD-characterization of catalysts demonstrated that the only V2O5 and anatase or V2O5 and rutile phase was detected. It was established that the use of titanium dioxide of crystal modifications of anatase increases on the order of the dissociation rate V2O5. It was shown that vanadium-titanium catalysts’ activity and selectivity in investigated processes depends on TiO2 crystal modifications.V2O5-anatase is more active and selective in formation of pyridine carboxylic acids. V2O5-rutile in the process of oxidation of 4-methylpyridine on the catalyst forms the mixture of isonicotinic acid and its aldehyde. Connection between the dissociation rate of V2O5 in catalysts of V2O5-anatase and V2O5-rutile and their activity in isomeric methylpyridines oxidation was established. High surface area, anatase structure of titanium are the key parameters determining the activity and selectivity of vanadium-titanium oxidation catalysts.
The Research of Fluxed Sinter Production with Sufficiently High Strength and Improved Technological Properties
Authors: Zhantasov K.T. , Altybayev Zh.M. , Zhantasov M.K. , Yeskendirova M.M. , Lavrov B.A. , Frangulidi L.H.
Published: October 2015

This article is dedicated to utilization of substandard phosphorite fines and simultaneously producing of fluxed sinter. Optimal technological parameters of the sintering process of phosphate fines with addition of the substandard underoxidized nickel-cobalt-containing ore and the internal overburden of coal mining industry were established. The addition of the nickel-cobalt ore and internal overburden containing nickel, cobalt, silicon and aluminum in the charge composition permits to produce the fluxed sinter with improved technological properties, with acidity module 0.90-1.08, with the high impact, abrasion and compression strength. Decrease of the fines output (less than 6 mm) on 10-15% (relatively) in comparison with the existing (traditional) sintering technology is explained with a content of carbon (up to 50%) in the internal overburden and increase of eutectic liquid phase amount at the expense of fusible components of the nickel-cobalt ore. The result of this process is the fluxed sinter with sufficiently high strength and improved technological properties. At the subsequent electro thermal sublimation of phosphorus from the fluxed sinter with high strength properties the ferrophosphorus alloy forms which contains the alloying metals such as Ni, Co, Cr and others. These additions containing silicon and aluminum create an exothermic effect, which leads to decreasing of fuel and energy consumptions. The suggested technology allows to decrease a melting point of the charge on 100 °C due to presence of fusible compounds in the sintering mixture and to reduce the fuel and energy consumption for the sinter production. Found that the introduction of nickel-cobalt ore and internal overburden of coal industry in the sinter charge provides a fluxed sinter phosphorite with module of acidity 0.93-1.08 sufficiently high strength and improved technological properties, in addition, at subsequent electric sublimation of phosphorus from fluxed sinter the ferro alloy alloyed with nickel and cobalt is formed, which is a valuable raw material for the steel industry. According to the research it is assumed that the replacement of natural quartzite used as a flux to the nickel-cobalt-chromium containing ore and internal overburden, which include about 45% of silicon, as well as transition of nickel, cobalt and chromium ore into ferrophosphorous alloy with subsequent sales of its steel industry to a higher price will significantly improve the technical and economic indices of phosphorus production.
Catalytic Pyrolysis of Naphtha on SHS Catalysts
Authors: Xanthopoulou G. , Vekinis G.
Published: October 2015

High yield of light olefins by catalytic pyrolysis of naphtha on spinel-based catalysts is reported. The yields of ethylene and propylene reach over 50% and are at least 10% and 5% higher respectively than the yield using thermal Pyrolysis, under the same process conditions. The partial substitution of Mg by Co in MgAl2O4 and the incorporation of Al2O3, SiO2, MgO, H3BO3 in the spinel and SHS synthesis of KVO3 all increase the catalytic conversion efficiency while at the same time they suppress substantially the formation of coke. It was found that SHS-KVO3 catalytically accelerates the gasification of coke deposited on the catalyst surface and its optimum values were found to be more than 10 wt.%. The addition of B2O3 into the KVO3-based catalyst causes a strong interaction between KVO3 and SHS support, which decreases the loss by evaporation of the active phase
Atomic-Emission Determination of Rhenium in Anthropogenic Raw Materials of Steel Production
Authors: Troeglazova A.V. , Zlobina E.V. , Kudryavtseva G.S. , Kirillov A.D. , Karpov Y.A.
Published: October 2015

The method including microwave acidic dissolution of samples and atomic-emission analysis of rhenium for determination of rhenium in cupper-molybdenum and lead-cupper wares is proposed. The range of determination concentration of metal is 0.05 – 0.5 mass percent, standard deviation of repeatability is 0.002 – 0.01 %.
Hydration of Olefins into Alcohols
Authors: Popova N.M. , Dosumov K.
Published: October 2015

Review on hydration of olefins into alcohols is presented. It is shown that mineral acids (H2SO4, H3PO4), their salts, molybdenum and tungsten heteropolyacids of 12 range and zeolites are used as the catalysts. The reaction proceeds with high selectivity at 1-100 atm pressure and 473-673 K through carbonium ion formed via interaction of adsorbed olefin with proton H+ and then with H2O yielding alcohol. It is concluded that for gas phase hydration of olefins use of proton substituted zeolites with ratio Si / Al = 7 – 9 and strength of Bronsted centers from – 8.2 to – 5.6, with high heat of adsorption for olefins and low heat of adsorption for water is effective instead of mineral acids on SiO2.
X-Ray Diffraction and Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Glasses and Glass-Ceramics Inside the A2O-MoO3-Nb2O5-P2O5 (A= Li, Na) Systems
Authors: Bih H. , Bih L. , Graça M.P.F. , Valente M.A. , Elouadi B.
Published: October 2015

Phosphate glasses in the system (50-x)A2O-xMoO3-10Nb2O5-40P2O5 (AMo-40), with x=0; 30 and A=Li or Na were prepared by the melt quenching method. The effect in the crystallization behaviour of the glass due to the introduction of MoO3 in the glass composition and varying the molar ratio between network modifiers and network formers (M/F) was studied. The prepared glasses were heat-treated in air, at 550, 600 and 650 ºC for 4 hours. The structure, of the obtained samples, was studied by differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and the morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the replacement of Li2O or Na2O by MoO3 reduces the number of the crystallised phases. In the lithium-niobiophosphate glasses the presence of MoO3 promotes the formation of NbOPO4 and reduces the formation of ortho- and pyro-phosphate phases. The thermal treatments affect the arrangements of the network structure of the AMo-40-glasses.
Phosphate Solubilization Potentials of Acinetobacter Strains and their Relations with Soil Properties
Authors: Ogut M. , Er F. , Kandemir N.
Published: October 2015

Phosphate solubilizing bacteria can be used as soil or seed inoculum to increase soil phosphorus (P) availability for agricultural purposes. There is also a possibility of using these microorganisms to biotechnologically dissolve phosphate ores for the production of phosphorus fertilizers. Twenty-one soil samples were collected along a highway in Turkey to isolate phosphate solubilizing bacteria. A total of 20 phosphate solubilizers were isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat and maize grown in the pots, which contained the collected soil samples. The isolates were distributed among the genera, Acinetobacter (7), Pseudomonas (7), Enterobacter (2), Enterococcus (1), Escherichia (1), Photorhabdus (1), and Bacillus (1) as determined by the 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. Since the Acinetobacter species were most effective in Pikovskaya’s agar, which contained tricalcium phosphate for the sole P-source, they were further experimented for the phosphate solubilization in batch cultures. The mean phosphorus dissolved in 5 day incubation ranged between 167 and 1022 ppm P. The initial pH of 7.8  dropped below 4.7 in six isolates with a gluconic acid production in the concentrations ranging between 27.5 and 37.5 mM. Acinetobacter isolates have some potential as an inoculum both for soil and biotechnological P-solubilization.
The Effect of Nano-Particle Formation on Radiation Resistance of Phosphate Glasses Potentially Suitable for Nuclear Waste Immobilization
Authors: Bogomolova L.D. , Jachkin V.A. , Stefanovsky S.A.
Published: October 2015

The effect of nano-particles on the radiation resistance of glasses potentially suitable for nuclear waste immobilization was investigated. The glasses were investigated by means of EPR, UV-visible optical spectroscopy, RBS and TEM. EPR spectra of the samples implanted with Ti+, Cr+, Mn+, Co+ and Cu+ to F≤1016 cm-2 contain the lines  typical of “isolated” Ti3+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Co2+and Cu2+ ions in oxide glasses.
Studies on synthesis and Reduction of Graphene Oxide from Natural Graphite by using Chemical Method
Authors: Manocha L.M. , Gajera Hasmukh , Manocha S.
Published: October 2015

Graphene is a material with rapidly growing interest. It consists of flat monolayer of carbon atoms tightly packed into a two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb lattice and is basic building block for all graphitic materials. Interest in Graphene is because of its excellent mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical properties and its very high specific surface area. Studies have been performed on wet oxidation of natural graphite by using Modified Hummers Method followed by exfoliation and reduction in order to  synthesise graphene from Graphite Oxide (GO). Acid route has been followed for oxidation whereas reduction has been carried out in water with hydrazine hydrate and Sodium Borohydrate. It results in to a material with characteristics that are comparable to those of pristine graphite. The reaction at every step has been characterized by using FTIR, TGA, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and surface area measurement.
Separation of Cenospheres from Fly Ashes by Floatation Method
Authors: Manоcha L.M. , Ram K.A. , Manocha S.M.
Published: October 2015

Fly-ashes are non-combustible mineral residues which are produced from coal in thermal power plants. Four different types of fly ashes were collected from different power station in Gujarat. Characterization through SEM shows that fly ash contains cenosphere i.e. gas bubble containing ceramic particle independent of their bulk density. Floatation technique was used for the separation of cenosphere from fly ash. Two solvents with extremely different densities were used for the separation of cenospheres. All methods gave approximately yield of less than 1 % cenosphere in fly ash. Color of cenospheres varied from gray to almost white and the value of density range from 0.4 – 0.8 g/cc. Further, chemical composition analysis revealed that cenospheres do not contain any high concentration of hazardous elements.
A Comprative Study of Soil Analysis by Employing Chemical and Instrumental Methods
Authors: P.Patel Dasharath , D. Modh Rajesh
Published: October 2015

The different elements are essentials for growth and fertilization of plants. Such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, potash and some other materials are essential for plants in proper proportion. The qualities of soil are different at different area and it also fit for different crops. We analyzed thousands of soil samples by using various chemical and instrumental methods for Daskroi-taluka of Ahmedabad District, like pH metry, conductometry, colorimetric. Here action of soil measured by pH, amount of soluble salt measured by Electric conductivity, organic carbon and  phosphorous measured by colorimetric and potash measured by flame photometer. These results also compare with the standard elemental data available for particular crops. Finally we explore excess or deficiency of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, potash and some other materials in the soil and discussed some important results for the land of Daskroi-taluka of Ahmedabad district.
Mesoporous Composite Materials from Acivated Rice Husk Carbon and Montmorillonite
Authors: Jandosov J.M. , Mansurov Z.A. , Biisenbayev M.A. , Kerimkulova A.R. , Ismagilov Z.R. , Shikina N.V. , Ismagilov I.Z. , Andrievskaya I.P.
Published: October 2015

Three different carbons were prepared from rice husk by steam activation at 700 °C, H3PO4-activation followed by desilication or desilication followed by H3PO4-activation at 500 °C. Honeycomb monoliths were obtained by mixing of a carbon with montmorillonite followed by extrusion, curing, calcination and leaching by alkaline solution. Obtained blocks were compared in terms of their morphology and elemental composition using data of SEM/EDX-analysis. From low temperature nitrogen adsorption study results it follows that prepared monoliths are characterized by SBET up to 700 m2/g (VΣ = 0.79 cm3/g) and pore size distribution shows the maximum around 4 nm. Methylene blue number is as high as 250 mg/g.
Fabrication of TiN Particle-Dispersed Al2O3 Composites Utilizing High N2-Pressure SHS
Authors: Hirota Ken , Yagura Hajime , Takaoka Katsuya , Kato Masaki
Published: October 2015

Fabrication of fine TiN particle-dispersed dense Al2O3 composites with the compositions of Al2O3/TiN=100/0~90/10 vol% has been conducted from Al2O3/(Ti,TiN0.3) mixed powder compacts by capsule-free hot isostatic pressing (HIP) utilizing high-pressure N2 SHS. Fine Ti powders (φ ~ 0.3 μm) with TiN0.3 phase were prepared by thermal decomposition of planetary ball-milled fine TiH2 powders at 400°C (673 K) for 1 h in a vacuum, followed by heating in N2 at 200 °C (473 K) for 2 h. The Al2O3 powder compacts (relative densities of 57.2-57.8%) with homogeneously dispersed (Ti,TiN0.3) particles were prepared. The mixed powder compacts were hot isostatically pressed (HIPed) under the conditions of 1350°C (1623 K) at 7 MPa N2 for 1 h, followed by the heating at the same temperature for 2 h under 196 MPa-N2. At the first stage of heating [1350°C (1623K)/7MPa/1h], solid/gas reaction of SHS between (Ti,TiN0.3) and N2 was introduced to form TiN and densification of the Al2O3 powder compacts up to the relative density of 92-93% with closed pores was performed. And at the sequent second stage [1350 °C (1623K)/196MPa/2h], densification of the most of pre-sintered composites consisting of Al2O3 and TiN reached higher relative densities than 98.5%. Dispersion of TiN particles (~φ 0.30 μm) in the composites suppressed the grain growth of Al2O3 during HIP-sintering. Mechanical properties, such as bending strength (σb), Vickers hardness (HV), fracture toughness (K1C), and electrical resistivity (ρ) of the composites were evaluated as a function of TiN content; the maximum values of σb=640 MPa, HV=19.5 GPa, and KIC=4.5 MPa・m1/2 were obtained in the Al2O3/TiN=97/3~95/5 vol% composites. Among the composites, the lowest ρ value of 2.6×103 Ω・m was attained at Al2O3/TiN=90/10 vol% composite.
Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis Reactions for ISRU and ISFR Applications
Authors: Corrias Gianluca , Licheri Roberta , Orrù Roberto , Cao Giacomo
Published: October 2015

In the framework of ISRU (In-Situ Resource Utilization) and ISFR (In-Situ Fabrication and Repair) applications, a novel recently patented process based on the occurrence of Self-propagating High temperature Synthesis (SHS) reactions potentially exploitable for the in-situ fabrication of construction materials in Lunar and Martian environments is described in this work. Specifically, the SHS process involves thermite reactions type between Lunar or Martian regolith simulants and aluminum as reducing agent. To overcome the fact that the original content of ilmenite (FeTiO3) and ferric oxide (Fe2O3) on Moon and Mars soils, respectively, is not enough to make the SHS process possible, suitable amounts of these species have to be added to the starting mixtures. The dependence of the most important processing parameters, particularly the composition of the starting mixture, evacuation level, and gravity conditions, on SHS process behaviour and product characteristics is specifically examined for the case of Lunar regolith. All the obtained findings allows us to conclude that the optimized results obtained under terrestrial conditions are valid for in-situ applications in Lunar environment. In particular, parabolic flight experiments evidenced that neither SHS process dynamics nor product characteristics are significantly influenced in both Lunar and Martian systems when passing from Earth to low gravity conditions. Finally, the complete scheme involving all stages required for the fabrication of physical assets to be used as protection against solar rays, solar wind and meteoroids, etc., is reported.
Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis under the Conditions of Rotation and Characteristic Heat and Concentration Limits on the Example of Oxide Systems
Authors: Ksandopulo Georgij I.
Published: October 2015

Potential economic possibility of using centrifugal force for production of noble ferroalloys is shown. Connected with this process, the limits of stable combustion are conditioned by formation of adiabatic regime of combustion due to the effect of acceleration of the combustion front by centrifuged particles of melted metal product. There appears the possibility to create a continuous technology of production of ferroalloys on the basis of aluminothermy and of significantly decreased low limit concentration of the sought for metal in the initial row material.
The Peculiarities of Combustion and Phase Formation during SHS of Mechanically Activated Mixtures Quartz – Calcite
Authors: Aknazarov S.Kh. , Mofa N.N. , Sadykov B.S.
Published: October 2015

The work with the influence of mechanochemical treatment (MCT) of minerals (quartz-SiO2, calcite-CaCO3) on the process of their combustion under the conditions of SHS with aluminium. It is shown that activation of the charge mixture in the mill increases the power state of the material and contributes to the change of kinetic characteristics of combustion process: the decrease in the induction period of ignition and the increase in combustion rate. The change in combustion temperature is of a complex character due to activation of both exothermal reactions related to formation of such compounds as anothite, helenite, wollastonite. The use of deferent organic modifiers of the charge mixture results in formation of nitride and carbide compounds in the process of SHS. It is shown that changing the conditions of MCT, modifiers and ratios between the charge components it is possible on the basis of activated and modified systems to synthesize composition SHS-materials different in their phase compositions.
Dry Methane Reforming on Carbon-Doped Nickel Foams
Authors: Matos Juan , Paredes Carlos , Rosales Maibelin
Published: October 2015

The catalytic activity of carbon-doped nickel foams in the dry methane reforming was studied at mild experimental conditions. The catalysts were synthesized by the controlled pyrolysis of different Nicontaining re-crystallized saccharose under N2 flow. The results showed that carbon proportion clearly influences the catalytic activity of Ni-foams from low to moderate catalytic activity attributed to an in situ formation during pre-treatment of very active reduced Ni phases. It can be conclude that carbon-doped nickel foams catalysts prepared from the controlled pyrolysis of saccharose are interesting materials for natural gas conversion reactions.
Synthesis of Superhydrophobic Carbon Surface during Combustion Propane
Authors: Mansurov Z.A. , Nazhipkyzy M. , Lesbayev B.T. , Prikhodko N.G. , Auyelkhankyzy M. , Puri I.K.
Published: October 2015

We synthesize and deposit carbon nanostructures through flame synthesis on silicon and nickel wafers at different nonpremixed flame locations to produce hydrophobic surfaces. The hydrophobicity is characterized through the contact angle for water droplets placed on the surface. The surface morphology of the nanoparticles is obtained from SEM images. The morphology and hydrohobicity of the nanostructured surfaces depends upon the deposition, which differs at various flame locations. We determine the optimum flame location for the synthesis and deposition of surface carbon nanostructures that lead to maximum hydrophobicity.
The Formation of Morphological Structures of Carbon and Oxide Silicon Nanoparticles
Authors: Mansurov Z.A. , Shabanova T.A. , Mofa N.N. , Glagolev V.A.
Published: October 2015

The concept morphostructure formations nanosized individuals on the basis of carbon and quartz is offered. Under offered circuit in “the first stage” substances are generated by atoms – “elementary individuals”. They - form “simple morphostructures”, for example, fullerenes, film and a one-wall carbon tube. They have, at the best the two-dimensional structural order. The second stage of growth morphostructures is connected to formation of more complex of “elementary particles” on the basis of the approximated rounded molecules. They - form “simple morphostructures”, for example, fullerenes, film and carbon tube also. The third stage - clusters. Clusters, similarly to atoms and molecules, can form cyclic formations (oligomer/polymers), crystals and can enter structure of the mixed constructions of a layer. They can form also simple morphostructures, for example, fullerenes, film and carbon tube. The fourth stage - compact formations of polymer and so on.
Catalytic Alkylation of Brown Coal and Peat
Authors: Zherebtsov S.I. , Ismagilov Z.R.
Published: October 2015

The alcohol alkylation of low-grade metamorphic coal and peat in the presence of mineral and organic acids was studied using FTIR, NMR, and GC-MS. The impact of the reaction conditions on the yield of extractable matter was investigated experimentally, and relevant regression equations were obtained. Changes in the group and individual compositions of the wax fractions of bitumen in the process of brown coal and peat alkylation were studied. It was found that the esters of alkylated coal waxes consisted of native esters of fatty acids, and alkyl esters of these acids formed as a result of the alkylation reaction. Esterification and transesterification were predominant in the reactions of the bitumen fraction components. The positive effect of alcohol alkylation on the increase of the bitumen yield was found.
BARRIERS TO SUCCESS OF WALNUT PRODUCTION COOPERATIVES IN IRAN
Authors: ABDOLMALEKY Mohammad
Published: October 2015

This study was conducted to seek the opinion of walnut producers on the barriers affecting the success of producers to found production cooperatives regarding garden products in Tuyserkan township, Iran. 234walnut producers were randomly selected through multistage cluster sampling technique. This study is a kind of descriptive-correlation research which has been accomplished through questionnaire. For determining the validity of questionnaire, the face and content validity were used. Reliability for the instrument was estimated at 0.94. According to factor analysis, barriers to establish and develop walnut production cooperatives were categorized into seven groups whose factors explained 65.799% of the total variance of the research variables. The results also indicated that lack of cultural infrastructures, inadequate knowledge and improper opinions of producers and leaders, improper laws and low risk taking and infrastructural barriers had the most effect to found and develop walnut production cooperatives, respectively.
Antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Portulaca oleracea L. and Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz against pathogenic bacteria of cow mastitis
Authors: Sun Shumin , Dai Weichang , Yu Hansong , Wang Yuhua , Wang Xuelin , Peng Shuai
Published: October 2015

As the problems of bacterial resistance and safety of dairy products have become more prominent, alternative medicine for antibiotics in treating cow mastitis is needed. In the present study, antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Portulaca oleracea L. and Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz against the main pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus dysgalactiae) of cow mastitis was evaluated using disc diffusion method. The results showed that aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the two herbs both could inhibit the four pathogenic bacteria of cow mastitis at different level. All extracts of the two herbs displayed the highest antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli than other bacteria. For Portulaca oleracea L., ethanolic extracts had higher antibacterial activities than aqueous extracts except for against Escherichia coli. However, for Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz, ethanolic extracts had lower antibacterial activities than aqueous extracts. These results indicate that extracts of Portulaca oleracea L. and Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz have the potential to be used in treating cow mastitis.
A correlation study of Boar taint-related genes, Boar tant substances and sex hormones in Bama miniature pigs at defferent ages
Authors: Wang Q. H. , Chen J. Y. , Guo K. N. , Zheng X. B. , Wu Q. , Wei H. , Liu Y.
Published: October 2015

The Bama miniature pig (Sus scrofa domestica), endemic in China,which is characterized by its small size and specific meat flavor. The evaluation of pork quality is closely related to boar taint. However, there are no published studies of boar taint in Bama miniature pigs. In this study, the correlation between mRNA expression of boar taint-related genes,boar taint substances (androstenone and skatole) and sex hormones (testosterone, estradiol) of Bama miniature pigs at consecutive ages were examined. We found a gradual increase of mRNA (CYP2E1, CYP2A19, CYP2C34, and COUP-TF1) expression in the livers of pigs aged from birth to 6 months of age. The mRNA expression of COUP-TF1 and CYP2C34 peaked at 12 months old. However, the mRNA expression of CYP2E1 and CYP2A19 declined after 6 months age. The mRNA expression of CYP11A1, CYP17A1, StAR, and COUP-TF1 was stable over time in the testicle of Bama miniature pig. However, a substantial increase in their relative expression levels was observed before sexual maturity. Boar age was positively correlated to sex hormone (testosterone, estradiol) and boar taint substances (androstenone, skatole). There is in vivo gene regulation in boars that controls the relationship between boar taint substances and sex hormones. In addition, CYP11A1, CYP17A1, StAR, and sex hormones (testosterone, estradiol) can be used as markers for low boar taint study. Our study elucidated the correlation of boar taint-related genes,boar taint substances and sex hormones. These results have provided reference for applied research using Bama miniature pigs as a model for livestock production.
KONSEP ARSITEKTUR ISLAMI SEBAGAI SOLUSI DALAM PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR
Authors: Edrees Munichy Bachroon
Published: October 2015

In many Qur’anic verses and Hadith, the term ‘to construct’ or ‘to build’ is frequently mentioned. It means that there are some principles in this kind of activity in Islam, that can be called Islamic principal of architecture. Therefore, it is very important for Muslim architects to have a deep understanding about these principals, and to bring them to the operational level. Basically, to build it to make some social, technical, economical, and psychological arrangements. Great changes that occur within the relationship of human and their environment in fact influence the way architects deal with these arrangements. Islamic principal of architecture give Muslim architects a basis in their architectural activities that derived from the Qur’an and Hadith. Based on these principals, the arrangements will have to considerate hablumminallah, hablumminannaas, and hablumminal’alam, which are the core of the Islamic relationships. The result of these arrangements then could be applied in five important things in architecture: function, form, technology, safety, and comfort, with a deep consideration in contextuality and eficiency.
THE ROLE OF MUSEUM’S ARCHITECTURE IN ISLAMIC COMMUNITY: MUSEUM OF ISLAMIC ART, DOHA
Authors: Alraouf Ali A.
Published: October 2015

As we are heading through the second decade of the 21st century, architecture of the Islamic communities is still an unresolved dilemma. In this context, the impact of iconic buildings which claim to represent Islam or provide a contemporary approach to Islamic architecture is crucial on different levels. Therefore, a year after Museum of Islamic Art (MIA) opening in Doha, Qatar, an evaluative perspective of the institution’s development story needs to be sketched. In this essay I will use MIA, Doha as a springboard for a discussion related to the museums of the 21th century. Then, I will try to exploit the findings of this discussion in the assessment and critical review of the museum itself. The assessment will include the ability of contemporary architecture to credibly represent Islamic cultural identity. This essay will analyze how and why community participation in museums is a significant factor in bridging the gap and improving relationship between the two institutions. The social inclusion leads to trust, understanding, a sense of identity, and creating a museum that is more relevant to the community. This essay also give some suggestions on how to build bridges between museums and communities, to provide an opportunity for the people living in such communities, like Gulf ones, to find out about their own heritage and to help them realize that it is through their active participation in museum activities that heritage is kept alive. Considering Qatar’s thrive into a post-oil paradigm where knowledge economy might be the generative force for development, an examination of how MIA is contributing to Qatar’s new vision becomes so relevant.
POLA GEOMETRI PADA SENI DAN ARSITEKTUR ISLAM DI ANDALUSIA
Authors: Pramono Andi
Published: October 2015

The most famous Islamic cultural heritages is the use of geometric patterns in Islamic art and architecture. This can be seen from the historical buildings that still exist in Alhambra which is located in Granada city, Andalucia, southern Spain. The way to make a layout plan, fasade, and ornaments that decorate the buildings were arranged in a simple mathematical art. The designing and building technique of Alhambra is based on geometry with the 1:5 ratio method.

 
 Keywords:  Islamic art, geometry, Alhambra
MOSQUE WITHOUT DOME: CONSERVING TRADITIONAL-DESIGNED MOSQUE IN MELAKA, MALAYSIA
Authors: M. Zailan Sulieman Roslan B. Thalib,
Published: October 2015

Jasin is one of the area in the state of Malacca in Malaysia, known for its long winding history. Located in the middle seat of government of the Empire of the famous Melaka Sultanate, Jasin district does have a number of quality historic buildings. One of the old buildings found in one the villages located quite close to the town of Jasin is the unique domeless Air Barok Village Mosque. Its location is situated along the main road, easy to reach. In a study stated in this paper, it  shows how the unique architecture of this mosque of Air Baroque Village can be appreciated. This paper presents a study of the design elements and architectural features that are unique to the mosque around this region. This paper stated on the approach in creating this structure is different compared to most of the existing mosque currently and previously being built around the state. The concept of neo-archipelago idea to have the Chinese Buddha features in a Muslim mosque was unique found on this religious building located at the side of the world. Expectations for this study to reveal the noble efforts of the Government bodies involved in restoring old  buildings such as this mosque can indirectly maintain the cultural arts of the local Malays who are the largest race in Malaysia. Efforts should also be given to maintain old buildings; not only religious buildings but also other building types; in the effort to ensure local arts and culture still exist and can be appreciated by future generations.

 

Keywords: Traditional mosque, conservation, mosque history, Melaka mosque
UNITY IN RESTORING: A STUDY ON HEALING ATTRIBUTES OF PERSIAN GARDEN
Authors: Ramyar Reza
Published: October 2015

Spending time in a Persian garden gives one the impression of being away and a sense of  connection with nature. These feelings alleviate mental fatigue, or stress and bring about mental restoration. Simply, one feels mentally refreshed after visiting and strolling in a Persian garden.  The motivation for the research is to evaluate the theory that whether Persian traditional garden can be used as a restorative garden or even its design principles can be employed to create an environment of such kind. The main areas of investigation in this paper include  understanding restorative attributes provided with the garden on visitors. Persian garden provides opportunities that intuitively engender restorative attributes which can fully be felt by being there, whether it was intended for such a purpose or not. The paper tries to imply that the aim of creation of such spaces (Persian garden) was so supreme that restoration can be  considered as one of the subjects which arouses from a dominant interrelation between human and space (nature) in a common entire inherence.

 

Keyword: Persian garden, restorative garden, healing attributes, mentally refresh
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DIABETIC PATIENTS AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT: THE ISLAMIC VIEW
Authors: Sidawi Dr.Bhzad , Al-Hariri Dr. Mohamed Taha Ali
Published: October 2015

Diabetes mellitus, is a serious disease that may lead to severe conditions such as blindness, end-stage of renal
disease, limb amputation and a variety of debilitating neuropathies. Previous research indicated that diabetes
is caused by a complex interaction of patient’s genetics, life-style and environmental factors. It also
highlighted that providing quality and healthy built environment to citizens including diabetic patients would
prevent the decline of the patient condition. Accordingly, the Islamic built laws derived from Islamic Sharia
have set the grounds of how to provide healthy built environment for citizens. Little research was conducted in
the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) in regards to the effect of environmental conditions on the health status of
diabetic people. In 2011, the present researchers have surveyed a number of diabetic patients to find out the
possible impact of built environment settings on the patient’s lifestyle thus how far it would affect the progress
of the diabetes. The results showed a close link between a poor home and environmental settings, the patient’s
lifestyle, and the health status. The paper argues that certain changes to the built environment must be done
and to provide a healthy and safe environment for diabetic patients. The Islamic built laws would largely help
in provisioning such healthy environment that helps people to live to abandon their bad habits and adopt
healthier lifestyle.
SPATIAL AND ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN ASPECTS IN COMMUNITY BASED MOSQUES
Authors: Maslucha Luluk
Published: October 2015

Indonesia as one of the biggest Muslim countries in the world are very rich in the quality and quantity of
mosques architecture. The largest number of mosques in Indonesia is designed, built, and developed by local
communities. Unfortunately, the potention of these kind of mosques is often unconsciously forgotten in the
field of architectural studies. Therefore, this research is held to define these mosques’ spatial and
architectural design aspects which were considered as appropriate for the needs of their local communities’.
As a descriptive-qualitative architectural research, the methods employed in this research are (1) field
surveying, (2) architectural documenting, and (3) informal interview, which were held in three purposive
sample of mosques: Masjid An-Nur Jagalan, Masjid Gading Pesantren, and Masjid Jami’ Kauman Malang. These
three mosques were chosen because of their close relations with their surrounding communities and their long
time developments by their local societies. The result of this study shows that some specific spatial and
architectural elements which were found in these community based mosques are (1) the scale, size, and depth
of space, (2) the classification and the placement of space, (3) the architectural expressions, (4) the openness,
the boundaries, and the relationship between spaces, (5) the athmospherical qualities of space, (6) the
classification of the users in spaces, (7) the intensity of the users in spaces, and (8) the manner and the
position of the users in spaces.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF BUILDING PURSUITS IN ISLAM
Authors: Omer Spahic
Published: October 2015

Abstract

This paper explains the significance of erecting buildings in Islam. Four themes are discussed in the paper: 1) building as a basis of civilization, 2) building as an indispensable and creditable activity, 3) the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and building, and 4) avoiding vices in building. The paper concludes that in Islam erecting buildings is a very important enterprise, in that such signifies the creation of a physical locus of the daily individual, family and social activities of Muslims. Thus, the existence of Islamic built environment is essential for the realization of the divine purpose on earth. The chief duty that Islamic built environment performs is the facilitation of such a realization. While writing the paper, I have tried as much as possible to draw on the original sources that deal with the theme at hand, the most important of which, certainly, are the Holy Qur’an and the authentic compilations of Prophet Muhammad’s words and actions. Finally, the paper aims to enhance the awareness, both of the professionals and general readership, as to the importance of correctly conceptualizing, creating and using Islamic built environment. The approach in the paper is conceptual, rather than empirical.

 

Keywords: Erecting Buildings, Built Environment, Islam, Muslims, Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)

 

 

Abstrak

Makalah ini menjelaskan pentingnya pendirian bangunan dalam Islam. Empat tema yang dibahas dalam makalah ini : 1) bangunan sebagai dasar peradaban, 2) bangunan sebagai suatu kegiatan yang sangat diperlukan, 3) Nabi Muhammad (saw) dan bangunan, dan 4) menghindari kejahatan dalam bangunan. Makalah ini menyimpulkan bahwa dalam Islam mendirikan bangunan adalah sebuah usaha yang sangat penting, seperti menandakan penciptaan lokus fisik kegiatan individu sehari-hari, keluarga dan sosial umat Islam. Dengan demikian, keberadaan lingkungan yang dibangun Islam sangat penting untuk mewujudkan tujuan Ilahi di bumi. Pemimpin bertugas memfasilitasi realisasi lingkungan binaan Islam tersebut. Pada penulisan makalah ini, penulis  telah berusaha semaksimal mungkin untuk menarik pada sumber-sumber asli yang berhubungan dengan tema, yang paling  penting  adalah  Alquran  dan  kompilasi  otentik  kata-kata  dan  tindakan  Nabi  Muhammad  (Hadits). Akhirnya, makalah ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran, baik dari para profesional dan pembaca umum, mengenai pentingnya konseptualisasi, menciptakan dan menggunakan lingkungan yang dibangun Islam. Pendekatan dalam makalah ini adalah konseptual, bukan empiris.

 

Kata kunci: Pendirian Bangunan, Lingkungan binaan, Islam, Muslim, Nabi Muhammad saw

 
GREYWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM IN UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA MOSQUE: UTILIZING FILTER WELLS AS AN ALTERNATIVE SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION
Authors: Utaberta Nangkula , Handryant Aisyah Nur
Published: October 2015

Water is one of the natural resources that support entire creature’s needs in earth. It was also a key element of sustainable living. The important of water is proved by fact that human body were consists of 80% water which makes daily water needs is definitely important. Same thing was happen on earth which also consists of 71 % water.  Unfortunately,  nowadays qualities  as well  as quantities  of  water is getting  poor caused many environmental decline. Those situation is feel quite irony, first is because in one side human are depending on water badly, and in another side, qualities and quantities water have been decreasing because of their own. This environmental issue, especially water was realized by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) by starting to be a first pioneer in Green & Sustainability Campus in Malaysia.  Although UKM is located in water-rich country, still UKM try to commit to save environment as well as manage its environment aspect. The usage of water in UKM itself is categorized in high level. UKM have around 20.000 students and most of them are dwelling in campus.  For  big  campus  like  this,  UKM  had  one  main  Mosque  which  accommodates  some  daily  worship  of Moslem as the majority one. For activities like ablution, washing and bathing, UKM Mosque had produce quite big  amount  of  grey  water.  Grey  water itself  is residual  water that  still fresh  and can  be recycled for some purposes such as landscape irrigation and cleaning service. One alternative method to treats the grey water is by the usage of filter wells. This paper is trying to analysis and proposes some design of grey water system in UKM mosque in order to save environment. With proper grey water treatment, UKM Mosque will contribute to save water and UKM’s environment. This successful water treatment is also can be an alternative model to apply in another building.

 