bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIVERSIFICAÇÃO E ESPECIALIZAÇÃO PRODUTIVA NA GERAÇÃO DE INOVAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA: UMA APLICAÇÃO PARA OS ESTADOS BRASILEIROS
Authors: Bahia Domitila Santos , Sampaio Armando Vaz
Published: June 2016

O principal objetivo dessa pesquisa é investigar o quão sensível é a geração de inovação dos estados brasileiros às influências das externalidades de diversificação e de especialização industrial, no período compreendido entre 2001-2011. Além disso, estudar o comportamento da inovação através do território permite a inferência de como políticas públicas de fomento à ciência e tecnologia tem agido no Brasil. Outros fatores determinantes da inovação são também considerados, como a capacidade de investimento em ciência e tecnologia dos estados, o nível de escolaridade e a defasagem temporal da inovação. Como medida de geração de inovação, são utilizados os depósitos de patentes per capita, a fim de mensurar a capacidade tecnológica de cada estado. A base de dados utilizada neste trabalho consiste na conjugação de dados provenientes do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). dos dados de depósitos de patentes do Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI), de dados sobre gastos com ciência e tecnologia do Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (MCTI) e dados sobre capital humano do Ministério da Educação (MEC). A metodologia utilizada aborda a Análise Exploratória de Dados Espaciais (AEDE) e modelos de regressão espacial com dados em painel. Tais procedimentos permitiram acompanhar a trajetória da inovação através do território no período em análise e foram estudados os principais marcos legais da inovação brasileira a fim de se estabelecer se esses esforços contribuíram para o fortalecimento da política regional de inovação.
ADOÇÃO DE SISTEMAS DE ARMAZENAMENTO DE DADOS NA NUVEM: UM ESTUDO COM USUÁRIOS FINAIS
Authors: Andrade Adrianne Paula Vieira , Dias Gabriela Figueiredo , Ramos Anatalia Saraiva Martins , Sousa Neto Manoel Veras de
Published: June 2016

O sistema de armazenamento de dados é um serviço da computação em nuvem, que está modificando a maneira com que usuários finais e empresas utilizam a tecnologia da informação. Embora esse fenômeno chame a atenção de profissionais e da comunidade acadêmica, ainda são escassos os estudos nacionais sobre o tema. Este artigo objetiva identificar os fatores que influenciam a adoção de sistemas de armazenamento online de dados, empregando a Teoria da Difusão da Inovação (IDT). A amostra da pesquisa é composta por usuários do Facebook© no Brasil. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de um questionário online, em que foram validadas 189 respostas. A técnica utilizada para a análise dos dados foi a análise fatorial confirmatória e a modelagem de equações estruturais, através do método de mínimos quadrados parciais via PLS-PM. Os resultados mostraram que fatores como Compatibilidade, Facilidade de Uso, Vantagem Relativa e Visibilidade determinam a adoção de sistemas de armazenamento na nuvem. A partir destes resultados, as empresas que fornecem esses serviços poderão criar estratégias para maior difusão e comercialização desta inovação. O estudo também avança no campo teórico da adoção da computação em nuvem.
Antiendothelial αvβ3 Antibodies Are a Major Cause of Intracranial Bleeding in Fetal/Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Santoso Sentot , Wihadmadyatami Hevi , Bakchoul Tamam , Werth Silke , Al-Fakhri Nadia , Bein Gregor , Kiefel Volker , Zhu Jieqing , Newman Peter J. , Bayat Behnaz , Sachs Ulrich J.
Published: June 2016

Objective—

Fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia is a severe bleeding disorder, which can result in intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), leading to death or neurological sequelae. In whites, maternal anti–human platelet antigen-1a (HPA-1a) antibodies are responsible for the majority of cases. No predictive factors for ICH are available to guide prophylactic treatment during pregnancy. In this study, we investigated antibodies from mothers with ICH-positive fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia and with ICH-negative fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia to identify serological and functional differences between the groups.

Approach and Results—

In an antigen capture assay, we observed a stronger binding of +ICH antibodies to endothelial cell (EC)–derived αvβ3. By absorption experiments, we subsequently identified anti–HPA-1a antibodies of anti-αvβ3 specificity in the +ICH but not in the −ICH cohort. Only the anti–αvβ3 subtype, but not the anti–β3 subtype, induced EC apoptosis of HPA-1a–positive ECs by caspase-3/7 activation, and mediated by reactive oxygen species. In addition, only the anti–αvβ3 subtype, but not the anti-β3 subtype, interfered with EC adhesion to vitronectin and with EC tube formation.

Conclusions—

We conclude that the composition of the anti–HPA-1a antibody subtype(s) of the mother may determine whether ICH occurs. Analysis of anti–HPA-1a antibodies of the anti–αvβ3 subtype in maternal serum has potential in the diagnostic prediction of ICH development and may allow for modification of prophylactic treatment in fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia.
Relationship of Insulin Resistance to Prevalence and Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification Beyond Metabolic Syndrome Components
Authors: Yamazoe Masahiro , Hisamatsu Takashi , Miura Katsuyuki , Kadowaki Sayaka , Zaid Maryam , Kadota Aya , Torii Sayuki , Miyazawa Itsuko , Fujiyoshi Akira , Arima Hisatomi , Sekikawa Akira , Maegawa Hiroshi , Horie Minoru , Ueshima Hirotsugu
Published: June 2016

Objective—

The association between insulin resistance (IR) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) has been uncertain after adjustment for metabolic syndrome components. We aimed to evaluate whether IR is associated with CAC prevalence or progression independently of metabolic syndrome components.

Approach and Results—

We conducted a population-based study in a random sample of Japanese men aged 40 to 79 years and determined IR using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The associations of HOMA-IR and other diabetic parameters per 1-SD increase with CAC prevalence and progression were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. Of 1006 total participants at baseline (mean age, 64±10 years), CAC prevalence was observed in 646 (64.2%), and of 789 participants at follow-up (mean duration, 4.9±1.3 years), CAC progression was observed in 365 (46.3%). After adjustment for covariates including metabolic syndrome components, higher HOMA-IR was independently associated with CAC prevalence (adjusted odds ratio 1.34, 95% confidence interval 1.10–1.63;
P
=0.003) and progression (odds ratio 1.32, 95% confidence interval 1.09–1.60;
P
=0.004). In participants without diabetes mellitus, positive associations were similarly observed (prevalence: odds ratio 1.29, 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.60;
P
=0.022; and progression: odds ratio 1.25, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.55;
P
=0.042), whereas glucose and hemoglobin A1c were not associated with CAC prevalence and progression.

Conclusions—

Higher IR was associated with CAC prevalence and progression independently of metabolic syndrome components in Japanese men and also in those without diabetes mellitus. Among diabetic measures, IR and fasting insulin, but not glucose and hemoglobin A1c, predicted CAC progression in men without diabetes mellitus.
Association Between Midlife Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Risk of Stroke
Authors: Pandey Ambarish , Patel Minesh R. , Willis Benjamin , Gao Ang , Leonard David , Das Sandeep R. , Defina Laura , Berry Jarett D.
Published: June 2016

Background and Purpose—

Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with an increased risk of stroke. However, the extent to which this association is explained by the development of stroke risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation is unknown. We evaluated the relationship between midlife CRF and risk of stroke after the age of 65 years, independent of the antecedent risk factor burden.

Methods—

Linking participant data from the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study with Medicare claims files, we studied 19 815 individuals who survived to receive Medicare coverage from 1999 to 2009. CRF estimated at baseline by Balke treadmill time was analyzed as a continuous variable (in metabolic equivalents) and according to age- and sex-specific quintiles (Q1=low CRF). Associations between midlife CRF and stroke hospitalization after the age of 65 years were assessed by applying a proportional hazards recurrent events model to the failure time data with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and atrial fibrillation as time-dependent covariates.

Results—

After 129 436 person-years of Medicare follow-up, we observed 808 stroke hospitalizations. After adjustment for baseline risk factors, higher midlife CRF was associated with a lower risk of stroke hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR], 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49–0.76; quintiles 4–5 versus 1]. This association remained unchanged after additional adjustment for burden of Medicare-identified stroke risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and atrial fibrillation; HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.51–0.79; quintiles 4–5 versus 1).

Conclusions—

There is a strong, inverse association between midlife CRF and stroke risk in later life independent of baseline and antecedent burden of risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and atrial fibrillation.
Large-Eddy Simulation of a Coastal Ocean under the Combined Effects of Surface Heat Fluxes and Full-Depth Langmuir Circulation
Authors: Walker Rachel , Tejada-Martínez Andrés E. , Grosch Chester E.
Published: June 2016

Results are presented from the large-eddy simulations (LES) of a wind-driven flow representative of the shallow coastal ocean under the influences of Langmuir forcing and surface heating and cooling fluxes. Langmuir (wind and surface gravity wave) forcing leads to the generation of Langmuir turbulence consisting of a wide range of Langmuir circulations (LCs) or parallel, counterrotating vortices that are aligned roughly in the direction of the wind. In unstratified, shallow coastal regions, the largest of the LCs reach the bottom of the water column. Full-depth LCs are investigated under surface waves with a significant wave height of 1.2 m and a dominant wavelength of 90 m and wave period of 8 s, for a wind speed of 7.8 m s−1 in a 15-m-deep coastal shelf region. Both unstable and stable stratification are imposed by constant surface heat fluxes and an adiabatic bottom wall. Simulations are characterized by Rayleigh and Richardson numbers representative of surface buoyancy forcing relative to wind forcing. For the particular combination of Langmuir forcing parameters studied, although surface cooling is able to augment the strength of LC, a significantly high cooling flux of 560 W m−2 (such that the Rayleigh number is Raτ = 1000) is required in order for turbulence kinetic energy generation by convection to exceed Langmuir production. Such a transition is expected at a lower heat flux for weaker wind and wave conditions and thus weaker LCs than those studied. Furthermore, a surface heating flux of approximately 281 W m−2 (such that the Richardson number is Riτ = 500) is able to inhibit vertical mixing of LC, particularly in the bottom half of the water column, allowing stable stratification to develop.
Observations of the Structure and Evolution of Hurricane Edouard (2014) during Intensity Change. Part II: Kinematic Structure and the Distribution of Deep Convection
Authors: Rogers Robert F. , Zhang Jun A. , Zawislak Jonathan , Jiang Haiyan , Alvey George R. , Zipser Edward J. , Stevenson Stephanie N.
Published: June 2016

The structural evolution of the inner core and near-environment throughout the life cycle of Hurricane Edouard (2014) is examined using a synthesis of airborne and satellite measurements. This study specifically focuses on differences in the distribution of deep convection during two periods: when Edouard intensified toward hurricane status, and when Edouard peaked in intensity and began to weaken. While both periods saw precipitation maximized in the downshear-left and upshear-left quadrants, deep convection was only seen from the aircraft during the intensifying period.

Deep convection was located farther inside the radius of maximum winds (RMW) during the intensifying period than the weakening period. This convection is traced to strong updrafts inside the RMW in the downshear-right quadrant, tied to strong low-level convergence and high convective available potential energy (CAPE) as the storm remained over warm water in a moist environment. Strong updrafts persisted upshear left and were collocated with high inertial stability in the inner core. During weakening, no deep convection was present, and the precipitation that was observed was associated with weaker convergence downshear right at larger radii, as CAPE was reduced from lower sea surface temperatures, reduced humidity from subsidence, and a stronger warm core. Weak updrafts were seen upshear left, with little coincidence with the high inertial stability of the inner core.

These results highlight the importance of the azimuthal coverage of precipitation and the radial location of deep convection for intensification. A more symmetrical coverage can occur despite the presence of shear-driven azimuthal asymmetries in both the forcing and the local environment of the precipitation.
War and disaster in Sri Lanka: Depression, family adjustment and health among women heading households
Authors: Banford Witting Alyssa , Lambert Jessica , Wickrama Thulitha , Thanigaseelan Sivaguru , Merten Michael
Published: June 2016

Background:

The civil war, lasting from 1983 to 2009, and the tsunami that struck Southeastern Asia in 2004 were major stressors that changed the demographic landscape of the northern province of Sri Lanka. The composition of families changed dramatically, with an increase in female-headed households, largely due to casualties. The conservation of resources (COR) model was applied in this study to examine relationships between risk and resiliency factors among women heading households, including women widowed by war or disaster.

Aims:

This study represents an investigation of the association between predictive risk and resiliency factors (i.e. war damage and loss, social support, economic status, religious participation and discrimination) and outcomes representing well-being (depressive symptoms, family adjustment and a rating of physical health).

Methods:

Data from 514 women heading households living in the Kilinochchi district of Sri Lanka were collected through face-to-face interviews in 2013, and associations among the data were estimated using path analysis.

Results:

Results suggest that resiliency factors that are representative of greater resources generally predicted lower levels of distress and vice versa.

Conclusion:

Further study informing intervention development with women heading households in Sri Lanka is warranted to better understand which individual, family and community resources are most important to mobilize for sustainable recovery efforts to be successful in the decades following war and natural disaster.
Wanted
Authors: Ghasemi Mehdi
Published: June 2016

I approach Suzan-Lori Parks’s play Fucking A from the perspectives of postmodern drama and show how the discourse of postmodernism enables Parks to make intertextual links with some other literary works in order to reinvent the past and address a number of social ills and historical scars in the present. I also explore a number of key preoccupations of postmodern aesthetics, which contribute to the creation of indeterminacies in the play and argue how the creation of indeterminacies enables the playwright to increase incredulity toward a number of dominant metanarratives—manifesting themselves in the form of ruling economic, social, cultural, and political systems. Furthermore, I show how Parks raises the issue of African American history and imprints it from a fresh perspective to reshape identities for African Americans in her neo-slave narrative.
Leaders Wanted! The Skills Expected and Needed for a Successful 21st Century Historically Black College and University Presidency
Authors: Freeman Sydney , Commodore Felecia , Gasman Marybeth , Carter Courtney
Published: June 2016

This study examines the 21st-century Historically Black College and University (HBCU) presidency. First, we gathered information on the skills needed for the 21st century HBCU president. Then, we examined the background of future HBCU presidents. Through an analysis and discussion of the responses of current HBCU presidents, trustees,1 and presidential search consultants, we determined what skills are pertinent for HBCU presidential hopefuls to attain. Lastly, we made recommendations, based on our findings, regarding the skills needed for HBCU presidential aspirants to not only reach the presidency but to perform well upon doing so.
Joint Enterprise Murder
Authors: Parsons Simon
Published: June 2016

The law on joint enterprise murder has been harsh on secondary parties and in R v Jogee the Supreme Court attempts to alleviate this harshness by reversing an incomplete and erroneous reading of the previous case law. This comment considers whether this liberalisation of the law in favour of secondary parties is more apparent than real.
All Rise for the Interventionist
Authors: Johnston Ed
Published: June 2016

This paper will examine the changing role played by the judiciary in criminal trials. The paper examines the genesis of the adversarial criminal trial that was born out of lifting the prohibition on defence counsel in trials of treason. The paper will chart the rise of judicial passivity as lawyers dominated trials. Finally, the paper examines the rise of the interventionist judiciary in the wake of the Auld Review that launched an attack on the inefficiencies of the modern trial. To tackle the inefficiencies, the Criminal Procedure Rules allowed the judiciary to reassume a role of active case management. The impact an interventionist judiciary has for adversarial criminal justice is examined. The paper finds that a departure from traditional adversarial has occurred; the criminal justice process has shifted to a new form of process, driven by a managerial agenda.
Changes in Religiosity in Old Age
Authors: Cohen-Mansfield Jiska , Shmotkin Dov , Hazan Haim
Published: June 2016

Changes in religious identity and predictors of change in religiousness are explored in a sample of 1,191 self-respondent Jewish Israeli participants, aged 75 to 94. Data were drawn from two waves of a national survey. Assessments included measures of religious identity, reported change in religiousness, religious practice, functional status, cognitive functioning, and depression. Religious change was reported retrospectively and also examined prospectively. Change in religious identity was reported by approximately 25% of participants. Changes in religiousness were associated with worse functional status and with more depressed affect. Changes in religious identity were associated with a practice that is in the direction of change, even prior to the reported change. Findings raise concerns about the adequacy of social or functional support for persons who wish to continue their previous religious practice.
Ballroom Dance
Authors: Stevens-Ratchford Regena G.
Published: June 2016

Objective

This study explored ballroom dance as serious leisure and successful aging in a sample of community-dwelling older adults.

Methods

Qualitative procedures were used to explore stories of ballroom dance and successful aging.

Results

Participants described positive successful aging and active leisure engagement. Three themes emerged from thematic analyses: (a) Ballroom Dance as Serious Leisure: Its Dimensions; (b) Ballroom Dance: Its Link to Successful Aging; (c) The Affinity: We Love to Dance!.

Conclusion

The participants’ ballroom dance revealed serious leisure characteristics in conjunction with their successful aging. They loved to dance, self-identified as ballroom dancers, and orchestrated their dance activities within its social world. Future research should examine the relation of successful aging to the social world of ballroom dance.
Perceiving Partners to Endorse Benevolent Sexism Attenuates Highly Anxious Women’s Negative Reactions to Conflict
Authors: Cross Emily J. , Overall Nickola C. , Hammond Matthew D.
Published: June 2016

Benevolent sexism prescribes that men are dependent on women in relationships and should cherish their partners. The current research examined whether perceiving male partners to endorse benevolent sexism attenuates highly anxious women’s negative reactions to relationship conflict. Greater attachment anxiety was associated with greater distress and insecurity during couples’ conflict discussions (Study 1), during daily conflict with intimate partners (Study 2), and when recalling experiences of relationship conflict (Study 3). However, this heightened distress and insecurity was attenuated when women (but not men) perceived their partner to strongly endorse benevolent sexism (Studies 1-3) and thus believed their partner could be relied upon to remain invested (Study 3B). These novel results illustrate that perceiving partners to endorse benevolent sexism alleviates anxious women’s insecure reactions to relationship threat by conveying partner’s continued reliability. Implications of these security-enhancing effects are considered in light of the role benevolent sexism plays in sustaining gender inequality.
Sharing knowledge: Performing co-production in collaborative artistic work
Authors: Richardson Lizzie
Published: June 2016

This article puts forward co-production as a lens for geographical approaches to collaborative knowledge production. Co-production extends understandings of collaboration as temporary, fragile and with multiple spatial forms. Through the example of creative writers’ artistic knowledge, co-production is developed as a process of making together that involves intermittent spaces of sharing and cooperation between different actors beyond and across firm organisational boundaries. It is argued that the formal and informal mixing of these actors requires focusing on the micro-spaces of co-production that show how sharing knowledge occurs through forms of emotional work. Drawing on interviews with writers and participant observation of creative writing practices in Bristol, three spaces of co-production are outlined: the workshop, the project and the event. These highlight the geographies of emotions in such co-production, in particular the role of trust which is significant in, but also beyond, face-to-face encounters. The article concludes by pointing to the implications of the research.
From an Eroding Model to Questioned Trade Relationships: The European Union and Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Sindzingre Alice Nicole
Published: June 2016

The article analyses two key questions: the European Union (EU) as a model of regional integration for developing countries (including sub-Saharan Africa) and the EU as a trade partner. It argues that these two dimensions have been questioned since the mid-2000s and that this questioning stems from common interrogations on the credibility and the efficiency of the EU’s policy choices. The first step of the argument is that while the EU has represented a paradigmatic model of ‘developmental’ regional integration arrangements, the EU’s adherence to specific theoretical assumptions has eroded the credibility of its model (competition, fiscal discipline) as an optimal tool of growth and welfare. The second step of the argument is that these assumptions have influenced the theoretical framework and trade policies devised for developing countries, notably the Economic Partnership Agreements, which appear to be inefficient as tools for these countries’ growth. This theoretical framework has not only weakened the credibility of the EU as a model of a developmental regional integration, but also weakened the economic efficiency of its trade policies and, in turn, the credibility for sub-Saharan African countries of the assertion by the EU that its trade policies could be a tool of development.
Effects on the Tarsal Tunnel Following Malerba Z-type Osteotomy Compared to Standard Lateralizing Calcaneal Osteotomy
Authors: Cody Elizabeth A. , Greditzer Harry G. , MacMahon Aoife , Burket Jayme C. , Sofka Carolyn M. , Ellis Scott J.
Published: June 2016

Background:

Tarsal tunnel syndrome is a known complication of lateralizing calcaneal osteotomy. A Malerba Z-type osteotomy may preserve more tarsal tunnel volume (TTV) and decrease risk of neurovascular injury. We investigated 2 effects on the tarsal tunnel of the Malerba osteotomy compared to a standard lateralizing osteotomy using a cadaveric model: (1) the effect on TTV as measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and (2) the proximity of the osteotomy saw cuts to the tibial nerve.

Methods:

Ten above-knee paired cadaveric specimens underwent MRI of the ankle to obtain a baseline measurement of TTV. One foot in each pair received a standard lateralizing calcaneal osteotomy, with the other foot receiving a Malerba osteotomy. MRIs were performed after each of 3 increasing amounts of lateral displacement, which were accompanied by increasing amounts of wedge resection in the Malerba osteotomy group. TTV was measured on MRI using previously described and validated parameters. Differences in TTV with osteotomy type, displacement, and their interaction were assessed with generalized estimating equations. After all MRIs were completed, each specimen was dissected and the nearest distance of tibial nerve branches to the osteotomy site was measured.

Results:

Baseline TTV averaged 13 229 ± 2354 mm3 and did not differ between groups ( P = .386). TTV decreased on average by 7% after the first translation, 14% after the second, and 27% after the third ( P < .005 for each). The magnitude of the decrease in TTV did not differ between those specimens with standard osteotomies versus those with Malerba osteotomies ( P = .578). At least one of the major branches of the tibial nerve crossed the osteotomy site in 5 of 5 specimens that received the Malerba osteotomy versus 2 of 5 that received a standard osteotomy.

Conclusion:

Regardless of osteotomy type, lateralizing calcaneal osteotomy decreased TTV. In all specimens, the osteotomy was at the level of branches of the tibial nerve.

Clinical Relevance:

Our results demonstrate that lateralizing calcaneal osteotomies must be performed with care to avoid excessive lateral translation as well as direct nerve injury on the nonvisualized medial side of the calcaneus.
The Value of a Gardening Service for the Frail Elderly and People With a Disability Living in the Community
Authors: Same Anne , Lee Elinda Ai Lim , McNamara Beverley , Rosenwax Lorna
Published: June 2016

Little is known about the significance of gardening services for frail elderly people. This study explored the value of a gardening service for frail older people and people with a disability living in the community. Using qualitative and quantitative data collected from pre-gardening ( n = 38) and post-gardening service delivery interviews ( n = 35) and the Housing Enabler, the value of a gardening service was examined. Findings suggest that the service had a positive impact on the independence and emotional well-being of frail aged people and younger people with a functional disability, with little impact on physical health. Results indicate that gardening services should be fundamental to planning for these populations to remain or return to living in the community.
Influence of an adjacent structure on the horizontal and torsional input motion of an embedded foundation
Authors: Wen Xuezhang , Zhou Fangyuan , Zhu Hongping
Published: June 2016

Influence of an adjacent structure on both the horizontal and torsional input motion of an embedded foundation is discussed in this article. Four important system parameters, namely, the distance between the adjacent structure and embedded foundation, the natural frequency of the adjacent structure, the shape of the adjacent structure, and the arrangement angle of the adjacent structure are considered to investigate both the horizontal and torsional input motion of an embedded foundation influenced by an adjacent structure. It is found that the values of the horizontal input motion of the embedded foundation can be significantly influenced around the natural frequency of the adjacent structure. The torsional input motion of the embedded foundation can be generated due to the presence of the adjacent structure. Response of an existing structure influenced by the adjacent structure is then investigated. The results show that the response of the existing structure can be affected by the adjacent structure. When the horizontal natural frequency of the adjacent structure coincides with the torsional natural frequency of the existing structure, the torsional dynamic response of the existing structure can be affected significantly.
Pheasant poults – buzzard prey or gamebirds?
Authors: Warren Lynda M.
Published: June 2016

Applications for licences to kill buzzards in order to prevent serious damage to the viability of pheasant shoots were regarded by Natural England, the licensing authority, as sufficiently novel to require direction from the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), the government department responsible for the licensing provisions in the Wildlife & Countryside Act and their implementation in accordance with the EU Birds Directive. Defra declined to issue a specific policy for raptors and instructed Natural England to apply the general policy. The court found that Natural England had not done this but had, in effect, applied a hidden policy to refuse such applications. Natural England’s decision to refuse to grant licences was quashed on the grounds of reliance on an undisclosed policy, taking account unlawfully of public opinion, unreasonableness and failing to deal with the option of licensing live trapping of birds. Ouseley J also found that the case was covered by the Aarhus Convention because it related to an environmental matter. The fact that the case was about a refusal to grant a licence and therefore amounted to a challenge seeking to cause harm was irrelevant.
Addition of hydrochlorothiazide to angiotensin receptor blocker therapy can achieve a lower sodium balance with no acceleration of intrarenal renin angiotensin system in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Fuwa Daisuke , Fukuda Michio , Ogiyama Yoshiaki , Sato Ryo , Mizuno Masashi , Miura Toshiyuki , Abe-Dohmae Sumiko , Michikawa Makoto , Kobori Hiroyuki , Ohte Nobuyuki
Published: June 2016

Objective:

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) produce a lower sodium (Na) balance, and the natriuretic effect is enhanced under Na deprivation, despite falls in blood pressure (BP) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Methods:

The effect of additional hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ; 12.5 mg/day) to ARB treatment (valsartan; 80 mg/day) on glomerulotubular Na balance was evaluated in 23 patients with chronic kidney disease.

Results:

Add-on HCTZ decreased GFR, tubular Na load, and tubular Na reabsorption (tNa), although 24-hour urinary Na excretion (UNaV) remained constant. Daily urinary angiotensinogen excretion (UAGTV, 152±10→82±17 μg/g Cre) reduced ( p=0.02). Changes in tubular Na load ( r2=0.26) and tNa ( r2=0.25) correlated with baseline 24-hour UAGTV. Changes in filtered Na load correlated with changes in nighttime systolic BP ( r2=0.17), but not with changes in daytime systolic BP. The change in the tNa to filtered Na load ratio was influenced by the change in daytime UNaV (β=−0.67, F=16.8), rather than the change in nighttime UNaV.

Conclusions:

Lower Na balance was produced by add-on HCTZ to ARB treatment without an increase of intra-renal renin-angiotensin system activity, leading to restoration of nocturnal hypertension. A further study is needed to demonstrate that the reduction of UAGTV by additional diuretics to ARBs prevents the progression of nephropathy or cardiovascular events.
Space, Place and Biblical Studies: A Survey of Recent Research in Light of Developing Trends
Authors: Schreiner Patrick
Published: June 2016

This article surveys developing research on the nature of space and place. It summarizes the arguments proposed by geographers and philosophers outside biblical studies, and then illustrates how biblical scholars have employed these theories in the study of the biblical text. The review focuses on the theoretical underpinning and then examines a number of scholars who have appropriated what they call ‘critical spatiality’ to historical, sociological, and narratival readings. In short, some now describe space in a tri-part division; the physical world in which people exist, the ideological underpinnings of understanding places, and the lived practices of people within those places that sometimes challenge and sometimes reaffirm the expected uses of such places.
Recent Research on the Megilloth (Song of Songs, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther)
Authors: Erickson Amy , Davis Andrew R.
Published: June 2016

Until recently, study of the Megilloth as a coherent canonical grouping has been minimal. On the whole, the lateness and fluidity of the collection within the Jewish canon has negated its value for biblical scholars, who have long preferred texts and categories thought to be ‘early’ or ‘original’. The state of the field has begun to shift, however, as scholars are giving more attention to connections between individual books of the Megilloth and the coherence of the collection as a whole. This new interest coincides with the growing recognition among scholars that the later (re)uses of a biblical text are constitutive of its interpretation; thus the lateness of the Megilloth (if the collection really is late) does not preclude interpretation but shapes it. Recent studies in the Megilloth as a coherent collection include canon-historical approaches, which trace the formation of the Megilloth within the Jewish canon; intertextual approaches, which focus on allusions to earlier biblical traditions and on literary connections within the five scrolls; and theological approaches, which adopt a synchronic method that puts the Megilloth in dialogue with contemporary theological discourse.
Early Childhood Dental Problems
Authors: Crowe M. , O’Sullivan A. , McGrath C. , Cassetti O. , Swords L. , O’Sullivan M.
Published: June 2016

Investigations into the wider bioecological understanding of dental problems in early childhood are limited in national surveys. Classification tree analysis (CTA) was used to explore multilevel interactions among key aspects of child and primary caregiver (PCG) psychosocial and physical health affecting dental problems in preschool children. Data were derived from the Growing Up in Ireland study, a nationally representative sample of 9-mo-olds (N = 11,134) in 2007/2008 followed up at age 3 y (N = 9,793) in 2010/2011. Analysis included PCG reports of children’s dental problems, general health, temperament, emotional and behavioral difficulties, and their own general health, stress and depression, relationship, and sociodemographic variables. Misclassification costs were specified for the model by applying a higher penalty for misclassifying those with a dental problem (minority class). Logistic regression analyses were carried out for comparison. Dental problems were reported among 302 infants (2.7%) at 9 mo of age and 493 children (5.0%) at 3 y. CTA identified infant temperament (Infant Characteristics Questionnaire unpredictable) as the primary predictor of dental problems at 9 mo and child global health at 3 y of age. First-level predictors were PCG depression score and use of a soother at 9 mo and PCG ethnicity and unscheduled hospital visits at 3 y of age. Regression analyses results supported the most important predictors at 9 mo and 3 y of age. The CTA model for 9-mo-old infants had a specificity of 90.4%, sensitivity of 31.2%, and overall accuracy of 88.8% while that for 3-y-olds had a specificity of 58.5%, sensitivity of 66%, and overall accuracy of 59%. Key aspects of infant/child and PCG health, as well as psychosocial characteristics associated with reported dental problems, should be considered in future multidisciplinary approaches to child health.

Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this data analysis should help raise awareness among clinicians of how primary caregiver and child psychosocial and general health factors are associated with early childhood dental problems, even before the primary dentition is complete. Classification tree analysis visually demonstrates how factors such as infant temperament (9 mo) and child global health (3 y) can interact at multiple levels and affect different subgroups of the child population. Future intervention strategies for oral health should involve consideration of the psychological and general health characteristics of the young child and PCG at both the patient and population levels. This knowledge could assist decision makers adopt an integrated multidisciplinary approach in formulating a coherent oral health policy for preschool children.
Intolerant Bangladesh? How and Why
Authors: Husain Syed Anwar
Published: June 2016

Looking at the recent social, religious and political history of Bangladesh as well as the enactment of specific constitutional provisions, this opinion reflects upon the conditions that might create an environment for intolerance of opposing opinions and difference in Bangladesh. It argues such conditions however, contradicts the country’s long-term traditions which fostered notions and practices of tolerance and co-existence.
Drug Information Resources Used by Chain Community Pharmacists in Tennessee
Authors: Borja-Hart Nancy L. , Leachman Bethany G.
Published: June 2016

Background: Community pharmacists are a highly utilized drug information resource for patients and health care providers. Good retrieval skills and the availability of credible references are key to providing necessary information. Objective: This study aimed to identify the types of drug information resources used by chain community pharmacists in Tennessee. Methods: A phone survey was conducted by a trained pharmacy student to 39 pharmacists working at chain community pharmacies. Demographic questions, types of drug information resources available, Internet availability, smartphone applications (apps) used, and most common drug information questions received were identified. Results: Electronic tertiary drug resources were used by the majority of pharmacists, with the top 2 resources being Clinical Pharmacology and Facts and Comparisons. Seventy-four percent of pharmacists surveyed used smartphone apps to access information more quickly. Few pharmacists stated access to primary literature, while 4 pharmacists cited using the secondary resource PubMed. The 2 most commonly asked questions were concerning adverse drug reactions and side effects. Conclusions: Electronic drug information resources are widely available and utilized. In order to comply with all of the demands that a pharmacists comes across, these resources need to be very familiar and easy to operate from an efficiency stand-point.
Interpretation of sonotubometric data based on phase-shift detection
Authors: Amoako-Tuffour Yaw , Garland Philip , Bance Manohar
Published: June 2016

Background

Sonotubometry is a non-invasive means of assessing Eustachian tube (ET) function. Its interpretation remains a complex task with questionable results due to wide variation between trials. A study was conducted to ascertain whether the measurement of phase shift in sonotubometric signals would be a more reliable indicator of ET patency than fluctuating Sound Pressure Level (SPL).

Methods

The ears of six healthy participants and two participants with patulous ET (PET) were probed with a 100 Hz signal. Five recordings of SPL were performed at the external auditory canal. Cross-correlation was performed among filtered SPL signals and among extracted phase shift waveforms. Peak coefficients were averaged to provide a measure of waveform similarity between trials.

Results

Mean peak cross correlation coefficient for SPL signal measured 0.603 ± 0.057 Standard Error of Mean (SEM) whilst that for Phase-Shift signal measured 0.884 ± 0.027 (SEM). All normal participants demonstrated an observable phase change between the ear and nasal signal during swallowing indicating an acoustic impedance change during the event. For the PET patients tested, the phase measurements in ear and nasal signals follow one another reasonably closely, indicating little or no impedance change during swallowing. It is thought that this impedance change is indicative of opening of the ET in normal patients, and the lack impedance change indicates ET either remaining open or remaining closed throughout the swallow.

Conclusions

Experimental data suggest that phase-shift detection is a more consistent means of interpreting sonotubometric data than SPL analysis.
Estimation of the anisotropy parameters from imaging moveout of diving wave in a factorized anisotropic medium
Authors: Xu Shibo , Stovas Alexey , Alkhalifah Tariq
Published: June 2016

The importance of diving waves is being realized because they provide long-wavelength model information, which can be used to help invert for the reflection information in full-waveform inversion. The factorized model is defined here as a combination of vertical heterogeneity and constant anisotropy, and it admits closed-form description of the traveltime. We have used these resulting analytical formulas to describe the behavior of diving waves in a factorized anisotropic medium, and we used an approximate imaging moveout formulation (residual moveout after imaging) to update the velocity model when the wrong model parameters (isotropic assumption) were used for imaging. We then used these analytical representations of the image moveout to establish a semblance analysis framework to search for the optimal anisotropic parameters. We have also discussed different parameterizations of the factorized medium to find the one that gave the best accuracy in anisotropy parameters estimation.
Crustal-scale reflection imaging and interpretation by passive seismic interferometry using local earthquakes
Authors: Nishitsuji Yohei , Minato Shohei , Boullenger Boris , Gomez Martín , Wapenaar Kees , Draganov Deyan
Published: June 2016

We have developed an application of passive seismic interferometry (SI) using P-wave coda of local earthquakes for the purpose of crustal-scale reflection imaging. We processed the reflection gathers retrieved from SI following a standard seismic processing in exploration seismology. We applied SI to the P-wave coda using crosscorrelation, crosscoherence, and multidimensional deconvolution (MDD) approaches for data recorded in the Malargüe region, Argentina. Comparing the results from the three approaches, we found that MDD based on the truncated singular-value decomposition scheme gave us substantially better structural imaging. Although our results provided higher resolution images of the subsurface, they showed less clear images for the Moho in comparison with previous seismic images in the region obtained by the receiver function and global-phase SI. Above the Moho, we interpreted a deep thrust fault and the possible melting zones, which were previously indicated by active-seismic and magnetotelluric methods in this region, respectively. The method we developed could be an alternative option not only for crustal-scale imaging, e.g., in enhanced geothermal systems, but also for lithospheric-scale as well as basin-scale imaging, depending on the availability of local earthquakes and the frequency bandwidth of their P-wave coda.
Singularthey: An Empirical Study of Generic Pronoun Use
Authors: LaScotte Darren K.
Published: June 2016

The present study addresses an issue of the English language that has been discussed at length for the past several decades: Which pronoun should one use when referring to a singular, genderless antecedent (e.g., student)? Though much has been written on the subject of the use of the generic masculine, singular they, and he or she constructions in published works, and other studies have looked at how English speakers process and interpret the aforementioned pronouns in writing, few studies have researched the use of these pronouns in free response to questions including a singular, genderless referent. The present study contributes to the last of these three methodologies by exploring which pronouns native English speakers use when writing about a genderless person (i.e., “the ideal student”). The results of this study indicate that a large majority of participants (79%) include a gender-inclusive approach (he or she type constructions or singular they) when referring to a singular, genderless antecedent; 68% use singular they. However, participants note that he or she type variations do not include some who may not identify within the gender binary.
Drosophila females trade off good nutrition with high quality oviposition sites when choosing foods
Authors: Lihoreau Mathieu , Poissonnier Laure-Anne , Isabel Guillaume , Dussutour Audrey
Published: June 2016

Animals, from insects to human, select foods to regulate their acquisition of key nutrients in amounts and balances maximising fitness. In species where the nutrition of juveniles depends on parents, adults must make challenging foraging decisions that simultaneously address their own nutrient needs as well as those of the progeny. Here we examined how fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster, a species where individuals eat and lay eggs in decaying fruits, integrate feeding decisions (individual nutrition) and oviposition decisions (offspring nutrition) when foraging. Using cafeteria assays with artificial diets varying in concentrations and ratios of protein to carbohydrates, we show that Drosophila females exhibit complex foraging patterns, alternating between laying eggs on high carbohydrate foods and feeding on foods with different nutrient contents depending on their own nutritional state. Although larvae showed faster development on high protein foods, both survival and learning performances were higher on balanced foods. We suggest that the apparent mismatch between the oviposition preference of females for high carbohydrate foods and the high performances of larvae on balanced foods reflects a natural situation where high carbohydrate ripened fruits gradually enrich in proteinaceous yeast as they start rotting, thereby yielding optimal nutrition for the developing larvae. Our findings that animals with rudimentary parental care uncouple feeding and egg-laying decisions in order to balance their own diet and provide a nutritionally optimal environment to their progeny reveals unsuspected levels of complexity in the nutritional ecology of parent-offspring interactions.
An Expansion Property of Boolean Linear Maps
Authors: Wu Yaokun , Xu Zeying , Zhu Yinfeng
Published: June 2016

Given a finite set $K$, a Boolean linear map on $K$ is a map $f$ from the set $2^K$ of all subsets of $K$ into itself with $f(\emptyset )=\emptyset$ such that $f(A\cup B)=f(A)\cup f(B)$ holds for all $A,B\in 2^K$. For fixed subsets $X, Y$ of $K$, to predict if $Y$ is reachable from $X$ in the dynamical system driven by $f$, one can assume the existence of nonnegative integers $h$ with $f^h(X)=Y$, find an upper bound $\alpha$ for the minimum of all such assumed integers $h$, and test if $Y$ really appears in $f^0(X), \ldots, f^\alpha(X)$. In order to get such an upper bound estimate, this paper establishes an expansion property for the Boolean linear map $f$. Namely, the authors find a lower bound on the size of $f^h(X)$ for any nonnegative integer $h$. Besides presenting several direct applications of the derived expansion property, this paper collects some related problems on Boolean linear dynamical systems, including problems on primitive multilinear maps and inhomogeneous topological Markov chains.