bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tumor-Specific Cytotoxic T Cells Are Crucial for Efficacy of Immunomodulatory Antibodies in Patients with Lung Cancer
Authors: Aerts Joachim G. , Hegmans Joost P.
Published: April 2013

There is growing evidence that activation of the immune system may be an effective treatment for patients with either small cell lung cancer or non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Immunomodulatory antibodies directed against cytotoxic T cell–associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4/CD152) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1/CD274) showed clinical efficacy in patients with lung cancer. The key immune cells responsible for antitumor activity are the CTLs. The presence of these tumor-directed CTLs, both in number and functionality, is a prerequisite for the immune system to attack cancer cells. Immunomodulatory agents attempt to increase the efficacy of CTL activity. Thus, the limited number of patients who benefit from immunomodulatory antibodies may be caused by either an inadequate number or the impairment of CTL activity by the hostile environment created by the tumor. In this review, we discuss tumor-induced impairment of CTLs and experimental treatments that can stimulate T-cell responses and optimize specific CTL function. We discuss 2 types of immune cells with known suppressive capacity on CTLs that are of pivotal importance in patients with lung cancer: regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Cancer Res; 73(8); 2381–8. ©2013 AACR.
Preface
Authors: Heng Henry H.Q.
Published: April 2013

No abstract available
The Hypergenome in Inheritance and Development
Authors: Sgaramella V.
Published: April 2013

Both theory and experimentation suggest that during development, the DNA of multicellular organisms, recognized as graced with a lifelong intrinsic stability, is instead target of several modifications (point mutations, larger structural variations, epigenetic marks) and partner of complex interactions with non-DNA moieties (RNAs and proteins). Some of these modifications probably affect a fraction of the genome larger than standard point mutations and are more likely to respond to environmental cues. Thus, the traditional concepts of gene and genome need revision: the structure serving as depository of the overall bioinformation of the cell is more dynamic and less homogeneous than allowed for by the Central Dogma, since in addition to DNA, it includes also RNA and proteins. Each of the individual contributors as well as their stoichiometry undergo modifications. Compared to the traditional unidimensional and static genome, the resulting dynamic aggregate could be more competent to cope with different regulatory requirements: its structural variations may respond to unscheduled macro- and microenvironmental stresses as well as to scheduled genetic programs. A detailed assessment of these variations in time and space should provide a basis for a deeper comprehension of the phenotypic changes punctuating the organism's physio-pathological development, aging and transgenerational transmission. The variations of such information storage-delivery system may interest also the germ cells: the inheritance of parental traits and hence their evolutionary transmission would be affected. For the structure featuring all these properties, we propose the term ‘hypergenome' to underscore the dynamic composition of a complex nucleoprotein responsive to both unpredictable environmental stimuli and internal built-in programs.
Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity in Early-Stage Lung Cancer
Authors: Weng Yuan , Cai Ming , Zhu Jun , Geng Jiqun , Zhu Koujun , Jin Xiaoyin , Ding Weijun
Published: April 2013

Background: The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-2, -9 and -7 are thought to be associated with tumor invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. However, their possible roles in early-stage lung cancer are not clear. We measured the activity of MMP-2, -7 and -9 in early-stage lung cancer tissues. Material and Methods: Normal lung tissues and cancer tissues were collected from 60 consecutive stage-I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were determined by gelatin zymography, and the activity of MMP-7 was determined by casein zymography. Furthermore, the ratio of the active form of MMP-2 in tumor tissue (T) compared with normal tissue (N) was determined, and the survival in the groups with different MMP-2 T:N ratio was compared. Results: The activity of both MMP-2 and MMP-9 was detected in all cancer and normal tissues. Interestingly, MMP-9 activity was significantly reduced, whereas MMP-2 activity was significantly increased, in cancer tissues compared to normal tissues. The survival rate of the MMP-2 T:N ratio > 2.5 group was 57.45%, which was significantly reduced compared with that of the T:N ratio ≤ 2.5 group (86.78%). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that MMP-2, but not MMP-9 and MMP-7, may be implicated in early-stage tumor invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis in NSCLC.
Practical Management of Everolimus-Related Toxicities in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Grünwald Viktor , Weikert Steffen , Pavel Marianne E. , Hörsch Dieter , Lüftner Diana , Janni Wolfgang , Geberth Matthias , Weber Matthias M.
Published: April 2013

Everolimus is an orally administered inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), an intracellular protein kinase downstream of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway involved in key components of tumorigenesis, including cell growth, proliferation, and angiogenesis. In the advanced cancer setting, based on favorable results from phase III trials, everolimus is indicated for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma, advanced neuroendocrine tumors of pancreatic origin, and advanced hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer. Additional oncology indications for everolimus include renal angiomyolipoma with tuberous sclerosis complex and subependymal giant-cell astrocytoma. Although it is generally well tolerated, with most adverse events of mild to moderate severity and manageable, everolimus exhibits a distinct adverse event profile that warrants guidance for proper diagnostic and medical management. This guidance is particularly important given the potential for widespread long-term use of everolimus. This review will focus on the most relevant toxicities associated with mTOR inhibitors and on their management. Practical treatment recommendations are presented for stomatitis, noninfectious pneumonitis, rash, selected metabolic abnormalities, and infections. Provided these events are rapidly identified and treated, the vast majority should resolve with minimal effect on treatment outcomes and patients' quality of life.
Italy and the Dialogue on Human Health between Traditional Chinese Medicine Culture and Western Medicine
Authors: Roberti di Sarsina Paolo
Published: April 2013

No abstract available
Increasing Adolescent Immunization Rates in Primary Care
Authors: Humiston Sharon G. , Serwint Janet R. , Szilagyi Peter G. , Vincelli Phyllis A. , Dhepyasuwan Nui , Rand Cynthia M. , Schaffer Stanley J. , Blumkin Aaron K. , Curtis C. Robinette
Published: April 2013

Strategies to increase adolescent immunization rates have been suggested, but little is documented about which strategies clinicians actually use or would consider. In spring 2010, we surveyed primary care physicians from 2 practice-based research networks (PBRNs): Greater Rochester PBRN (GR-PBRN) and national pediatric COntinuity Research NETwork (CORNET). Network clinicians received mailed or online surveys (response rate 76%, n = 148). The GR-PBRN patient population (51% suburban, 33% rural, and 16% urban) differed from that served by CORNET (85% urban). For nonseasonal vaccines recommended for adolescents, many GR-PBRN and CORNET practices reported using nurse prompts to providers at preventive visits (61% and 52%, respectively), physician education (53% and 53%), and scheduled vaccine-only visits (91% and 82%). Strategies not used that clinicians frequently indicated they would consider included patient reminder/recall and prompts to providers via nurses or electronic health records. As preventive visits and immunization recommendations grow more complex, using technology to support immunization delivery to adolescents might be effective.
Measurement of right ventricular pressure by telemetry in conscious moving rabbits
Authors: Ronisz Alicja , Delcroix Marion , Quarck Rozenn
Published: April 2013

Implantable radiotelemetry methodology has been used to continuously monitor pulmonary hemodynamics including right ventricular pressure (RVP) or pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) in conscious, untethered and freely moving animals such as mice and rats. The use of implantable radiotelemetry to monitor RVP or PAP has never previously been described in rabbits. The aim of the present study was to use implantable radiotelemetry to continuously monitor RVP in conscious adult rabbits. Telemetry transmitters were implanted in 44 adult male New Zealand rabbits using a trans-diaphragm approach for the catheter placement. RVP, heart rate (HR) and activity were monitored every 15 min for 20 s. Body mass was recorded once a week. A total of 39 (88%) rabbits were successfully implanted. Thirty rabbits survived the surgical procedure resulting in an overall survival rate of 73%. RVP, HR and activity were long-term monitored in 17 rabbits for an average period of 103 ± 15 days. Weekly body mass follow-up showed that implantable radiotelemetry did not impair the normal development of the animal. Twenty-four-hour period monitoring of RVP, HR and activity showed concomitant changes in RVP, HR and activity according to the dark/light cycle applied to the rabbits. To conclude, implantable radiotelemetry methodology can be safely used to continuously monitor RVP in conscious rabbits.
Relationship Between Supervisory Working Alliance and Client Outcomes in State Vocational Rehabilitation Counseling
Authors: McCarthy Amanda K.
Published: April 2013

This study investigated the relationship between supervisory working alliance (SWA) and successful client outcomes in the state/federal vocational rehabilitation counseling system and supervision practices associated with SWA. Rehabilitation counselors ( N = 166) from five randomly selected rehabilitation counseling programs participated in an electronic survey. Existence of a supervision contract, regularly scheduled contact with supervisor, and the counselors’ rating of importance of supervision were found to be positively associated with SWA among new counselors. Implications of findings for rehabilitation counselors will be discussed.
Place of Origin and Labour Market Outcomes Among Migrant Workers in Urban China
Authors: Zhang Chunni , Xie Yu
Published: April 2013

The localistic enclave is a special kind of enclave in urban China, which is characterised by a high concentration of rural migrants from the same place of origin. Prior research has documented that rural migrants work in these localistic enclaves, but the significance of participation in them for labour market outcomes among migrant workers has yet to be determined. In this article, it is argued that localistic economic enclaves may improve the labour force outcomes of rural-to-urban migrants. Results are reported from a study of the social determinants and consequences of working in localistic enclaves, based on data from a 2010 survey of migrant workers in the Pearl River and the Yangzi River deltas. The results provide limited support for the hypothesis: localistic enclaves enable migrant workers to earn higher earnings overall, but the earnings returns to human capital in an enclave are limited.
Longitudinal Changes in Coping for Spouses of Post–Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Son Heesook , Thomas Sue A. , Friedmann Erika
Published: April 2013

Spouses are the key in the recovery and coping of patients after a myocardial infarction (MI). The purpose of this study was to examine changes in coping for spouses of post-MI patients over time. The study determined the contributions of a spouse’s demographic factors and of time since the MI to the changes in coping. A secondary data analysis from the Patients’ and Families’ Psychological Response to Home Automated External Defibrillator Trial was conducted. On average, older spouses coped better than younger spouses. Coping significantly decreased over time. The spouse’s coping decreased for spouses whose baseline coping was higher. Coping decreased more rapidly for spouses of patients who experienced an MI more recently. Patients and spouses need support to improve coping after an MI.
Runaway Mothers and Daughters
Authors: Carey David Raymond
Published: April 2013

As evidenced by laws addressing abandonment of the home and children, family preservation was paramount for early twentieth-century Latin American nation builders. The judicial record of abandonment cases from Guatemala demonstrates how men attempted to enforce their authority in the home and then enlisted state officials to uphold it when their wives or daughters defied them. Yet, abandonment litigation often liberated women. By condoning female flight as a response to domestic abuse, judges emancipated women with the very laws intended to corral them. The same gendered institutions that buttressed patriarchies also provided women with the tools to challenge men's perceived right to intimidate and beat women.
Catastrophic Intracranial Hemorrhage as a Presenting Feature of Juvenile Polyarteritis Nodosa
Authors: Srinivasaraghavan Rangan , Krishnamurthy Sriram , Mahadevan Subramanian
Published: April 2013

Intracranial hemorrhage has been rarely reported during the course of polyarteritis nodosa. We describe a 6-year-old boy who presented with fever, altered sensorium, skin rash, hypertension, and catastrophic intracranial hemorrhage. After surgical evacuation of the intracranial hematoma, he underwent a computerized tomography angiogram that showed narrowing of the right anterior cerebral artery. Skin biopsy showed small vessel vasculitis. Nerve conduction studies were suggestive of mononeuritis multiplex. He was diagnosed as polyarteritis nodosa and managed with immunosuppressants, to which he responded favorably. The most interesting aspect of the child’s presentation was the catastrophic onset of altered sensorium with raised intracranial pressure, which was a diagnostic challenge. The mechanisms of intracranial hemorrhage in polyarteritis nodosa and a review of the literature are discussed. The authors emphasize that it is important to recognize intracranial hemorrhage as a life-threatening complication in children with polyarteritis nodosa to institute timely therapy.
Should journalists be ‘virtuous’? Mainstream news, complex media organisations and the work of Nick Couldry
Authors: Wright Kate
Published: April 2013

Critical debates about whether it is possible to formulate a ‘global media ethics’ have now become pressing given the increasing blurriness between some kinds of media practices, the transnational implications of the News International phone-hacking scandal, and the existence of a range of serious transnational problems, such as conflict, climate change and the recent global economic crisis. This article attempts to question Couldry’s recent assertion that the neo-Aristotelian virtues of ‘accuracy, sincerity and care’ can and should provide the normative foundation for all forms of media ethics.

To do this, I draw on my own experiences, as well as those of other journalists to argue that prescriptive, rule-based approaches are necessary to cope with the organisational complexity involved in some kinds of news organisations. I then outline the concerns I have about Couldry’s ability to construct a model of ‘good’ media practice on ‘minimally normative premises’, before proposing an alternative, utilitarian approach based on the work of Elliott, Sen and Hare.
Obesity and pain
Authors: McVinnie Donald Scott
Published: April 2013

Recent reports suggest that almost half of the UK population is expected to be obese by 2030. A number of associations between obesity and chronic pain have been displayed in previous studies, and therefore it can be expected that the presentation of obese patients with chronic pain will rise in accordance with the prevalence of obesity. No single causative relationship between the two can be suggested, so the link between them is believed to be multifactorial. Despite this, little work has been done to draw together the many associations between obesity and pain. A better understanding of their connection, then, is required to appropriately manage this patient group that is increasing in numbers. This article aims to draw together existing evidence on the associations between obesity and pain to create a model of their multifactorial relationship. The article will systematically address each of the current theories in order to gradually build a diagrammatic representation of the relationship, which shall conclude the article.
Evaluation of potential of high Si high C steel nanostructured bainite for wear and fatigue applications
Authors: Sourmail T. , Caballero F. G. , Garcia-Mateo C. , Smanio V. , Ziegler C. , Kuntz M. , Elvira R. , Leiro A. , Vuorinen E. , Teeri T.
Published: April 2013

The present study is concerned with the potential of high carbon, high silicon steel grades isothermally transformed to bainite at low temperature (<300°C). The first part gives an overview of the design principles, allowing very high strength and ductility to be achieved while minimising transformation duration. Wear and fatigue properties are then investigated for over 10 variants of such materials, manufactured in the laboratory or industrially. The results are discussed against published data. Tensile strengths above 2 GPa are routinely achieved, with, in one case, an exceptional and unprecedented total elongation of over 20. Bainite plate thickness and retained austenite content are shown to be important factors in controlling the yield strength, though additional, non-negligible parameters remain to be quantified. Rolling–sliding wear performances are found to be exceptional, with as little as 1 of the specific wear rate of conventional 100Cr6 isothermally transformed to bainite. It is suggested that this results from the decomposition of retained austenite in the worn layer, which considerably increases hardness and presumably introduces compressive residual stresses. Fatigue performance was slightly improved over 100Cr6 for one of the two industrially produced materials but significantly lower otherwise. Factors controlling fatigue resistance require further investigations.
Phylostratigraphic profiles reveal a deep evolutionary history of the vertebrate head sensory systems
Authors: Šestak Martin Sebastijan , Božičević Vedran , Bakarić Robert , Dunjko Vedran , Domazet-Lošo Tomislav
Published: April 2013

Background

The vertebrate head is a highly derived trait with a heavy concentration of sophisticated sensory organs that allow complex behaviour in this lineage. The head sensory structures arise during vertebrate development from cranial placodes and the neural crest. It is generally thought that derivatives of these ectodermal embryonic tissues played a central role in the evolutionary transition at the onset of vertebrates. Despite the obvious importance of head sensory organs for vertebrate biology, their evolutionary history is still uncertain.

Results

To give a fresh perspective on the adaptive history of the vertebrate head sensory organs, we applied genomic phylostratigraphy to large-scalein situexpression data of the developing zebrafishDanio rerio. Contrary to traditional predictions, we found that dominant adaptive signals in the analyzed sensory structures largely precede the evolutionary advent of vertebrates. The leading adaptive signals at the bilaterian-chordate transition suggested that the visual system was the first sensory structure to evolve. The olfactory, vestibuloauditory, and lateral line sensory organs displayed a strong link with the urochordate-vertebrate ancestor. The only structures that qualified as genuine vertebrate innovations were the neural crest derivatives, trigeminal ganglion and adenohypophysis. We also found evidence that the cranial placodes evolved before the neural crest despite their proposed embryological relatedness.

Conclusions

Taken together, our findings reveal pre-vertebrate roots and a stepwise adaptive history of the vertebrate sensory systems. This study also underscores that large genomic and expression datasets are rich sources of macroevolutionary information that can be recovered by phylostratigraphic mining.
Unilateral versus bilateral robot-assisted rehabilitation on arm-trunk control and functions post stroke: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wu Ching-yi , Yang Chieh-ling , Chen Ming-de , Lin Keh-chung , Wu Li-ling
Published: April 2013

Background

Although the effects of robot-assisted arm training after stroke are promising, the relative effects of unilateral (URT) vs. bilateral (BRT) robot-assisted arm training remain uncertain. This study compared the effects of URT vs. BRT on upper extremity (UE) control, trunk compensation, and function in patients with chronic stroke.

Method

This was a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. The intervention was implemented at 4 hospitals. Fifty-three patients with stroke were randomly assigned to URT, BRT, or control treatment (CT). Each group received UE training for 90 to 105 min/day, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks. The kinematic variables for arm motor control and trunk compensation included normalized movement time, normalized movement units, and the arm-trunk contribution slope in unilateral and bilateral tasks. Motor function and daily function were measured by the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), Motor Activity Log (MAL), and ABILHAND Questionnaire.

Results

The BRT and CT groups elicited significantly larger slope values (i.e., less trunk compensation) at the start of bilateral reaching than the URT group. URT led to significantly better effects on WMFT-Time than BRT. Differences in arm control kinematics and performance on the MAL and ABILHAND among the 3 groups were not significant.

Conclusions

BRT and URT resulted in differential improvements in specific UE/trunk performance in patients with stroke. BRT elicited larger benefits than URT on reducing compensatory trunk movements at the beginning of reaching. In contrast, URT produced better improvements in UE temporal efficiency. These relative effects on movement kinematics, however, did not translate into differential benefits in daily functions.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00917605.
Herd specific risk factors for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections in suckling pigs at the age of weaning
Authors: Nathues Heiko , Woeste Henrike , Doehring Stefanie , Fahrion Anna S , Doherr Marcus G , Beilage Elisabeth grosse
Published: April 2013

Background

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the etiologic agent of enzootic pneumonia mainly occurring in fattening pigs. It is assumed that horizontal transmission of the pathogen during nursery and growing phase starts with few suckling pigs vertically infected by the sow. The aim of the present study was the exploration of the herd prevalence of M. hyopneumoniae infections in suckling pigs followed by an investigation of various herd specific factors for their potential of influencing the occurrence of this pathogen at the age of weaning.

Results

In this cross-sectional study, 125 breeding herds were examined by taking nasal swabs from 20 suckling pigs in each herd. In total, 3.9% (98/2500) of all nasal swabs were tested positive for M. hyopneumoniae by real-time PCR. Piglets tested positive originated from 46 different herds resulting in an overall herd prevalence of 36.8% (46/125) for M. hyopneumoniae infection in pigs at the age of weaning. While the herds were epidemiologically characterized, the risk for demonstration of M. hyopneumoniae was significantly increased, when the number of purchased gilts per year was more than 120 (OR: 5.8), and when the number of farrowing pens per compartment was higher than 16 (OR: 3.3). In herds with a planned and segregated production, where groups of sows entered previously emptied farrowing units, the risk for demonstration of M. hyopneumoniae in piglets was higher in herds with two or four weeks between batches than in herds with one or three weeks between batches (OR: 2.7).

Conclusions

In this cross-sectional study, several risk factors could be identified enhancing the probability of breeding herds to raise suckling pigs already infected with M. hyopneumoniae at the time of weaning. Interestingly, some factors (farrowing rhythm, gilt acclimatisation issues) were overlapping with those also influencing the seroprevalences among sows or the transmission of the pathogen between older age groups. Taking the multifactorial character of enzootic pneumonia into account, the results of this study substantiate that a comprehensive herd specific prevention programme is a prerequisite to reduce transmission of and disease caused by M. hyopneumoniae.
Geophysical signal processing using sequential Bayesian techniques
Authors: Yardim Caglar , Gerstoft Peter , Michalopoulou Zoi-Heleni
Published: April 2013

Sequential Bayesian techniques enable tracking of evolving geophysical parameters via sequential observations. They provide a formulation in which the geophysical parameters that characterize dynamic, nonstationary processes are continuously estimated as new data become available. This is done by using prediction from previous estimates of geophysical parameters, updates stemming from physical and statistical models that relate seismic measurements to the unknown geophysical parameters. In addition, these techniques provide the evolving uncertainty in the estimates in the form of posterior probability density functions. In addition to the particle filters (PFs), extended, unscented, and ensemble Kalman filters (EnKFs) were evaluated. The filters were compared via reflector and nonvolcanic tremor tracking examples. Because there are numerous geophysical problems in which the environmental model itself is not known or evolves with time, the concept of model selection and its filtering implementation were introduced. A multiple model PF was then used to track an unknown number of reflectors from seismic interferometry data. We found that when the equations that define the geophysical problem are strongly nonlinear, a PF was needed. The PF outperformed all Kalman filter variants, especially in low signal-to-noise ratio tremor cases. However, PFs are computationally expensive. The EnKF is most appropriate when the number of parameters is large. Because each technique is ideal under different conditions, they complement each other and provide a useful set of techniques for solving sequential geophysical inversion problems.
High-energy femtosecond Er-doped fiber laser at 1.6 μm: influence of pumping scheme
Authors: Morin Franck , Druon Frédéric , Hanna Marc , Georges Patrick
Published: April 2013

We present the first microjoule-class sub-picosecond erbium-doped fiber laser at 1600 nm, and demonstrate the generation of 1.5 μJ, 605 fs pulses at 300 kHz. Both 980 nm and 1540 nm pumping schemes are investigated.
Amplification of a passively Q-switched Nd:YAG microlaser in a crystal fiber
Authors: Martial Igor , Ferguson Heather , Douri Nabil , Sangla Damien , Balembois François , Didierjean Julien , Georges Patrick
Published: April 2013

A passively Q-switched Nd:YAG microchip laser generating 18.6 µJ, 5.5 ns pulses with a repetition rate of 29 kHz was efficiently amplified by a diode-pumped Nd:YAG crystal fiber amplifier to obtain 250 µJ pulses.
High Performances in Continuous-Wave and Q-switch Operation of a Narrow Linewidth Nd:YVO4 Oscillator Using a Volume Bragg Grating
Authors: Hemmer Michaël , Richardson Martin
Published: April 2013

A quasi-single-longitudinal mode Nd:YVO4 oscillator providing up to 11 W CW is presented. In Q-switched regime, up to 1.2 mJ output energy with spectral linewidth narrower than 20 pm at 1kHz repetition rate were obtained.
Cavity Length Resonances in a Singly Resonant Optical Parametric Oscillator with a Volume Bragg Grating
Authors: Henriksson Markus , Sjöqvist Lars , Pasiskevicius Valdas , Laurell Fredrik
Published: April 2013

Resonant output energy enhancement in a singly resonant nondegenerate type-I optical parametric oscillator with a volume Bragg grating output coupler is demonstrated when there is a low fraction cavity length ratio between laser and OPO.
Coherent picosecond pulse stacking by cascaded fiber Bragg gratings for flat-top pulse generation
Authors: Rothhardt J. , Hädrich S. , Gottschall T. , Clausnitzer T. , Limpert J. , Tünnermann A. , Rothhardt M. , Becker M. , Brückner S. , Bartelt H.
Published: April 2013

We present a simple and robust pulse shaping device based on coherent pulse stacking. The device is based on fiber Bragg gratings written in a polarisation maintaining step index fiber and a fiber optical circulator. Temperature control allows tuning of the relative pulse amplitudes and phases of the pulse replicas.
Dynamic Multimode Analysis of High-Power Lasers with Super-Gaussian Beam Profile using Precombined Gaussian Modes
Authors: Wohlmuth Matthias , Altmann Konrad , Hemmer Michaël , Goehre Mario , Pflaum Christoph , Richardson Martin
Published: April 2013

Dynamic Multimode Analysis investigates mode competition including thermal, spatial, and dynamic effects. However, the computational effort increases dramatically for super-gaussian beams in high-power lasers. We explain how this can be solved by precombining Gaussian modes.
Waveguide Devices produced by adaptive femtosecond laser writing
Authors: Pospiech M. , Emons M. , Väckenstedt B. , Osellame Roberto , Bellini Nicola , Cerullo Giulio , Morgner U.
Published: April 2013

We report a novel method to create waveguide devices such as couplers in fused silica. A combination of adaptive beam shaping with femtosecond laser writing is used to simultaneously write two waveguides with changing separation.
Spectral Beam Combining of 2 μm Tm Fiber Laser Systems
Authors: Sims R. Andrew , Willis Christina C. C. , Kadwani Pankaj , McComb Timothy S. , Shah Lawrence , Sudesh Vikas , Roth Zachary A. , Poutous Menelaos K. , Johnson Eric G. , Richardson Martin
Published: April 2013

We report spectral beam combining of three 2-μm Tm fiber lasers each locked to slightly different wavelengths, using a new spectral-limiting device, providing a path forward to beam–combining at the multi-kW level.
Ultra-broadband optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier based on aperiodically poled Mg:LiNbO3 in the mid-infrared at high repetition rates
Authors: Heese C. , Gallmann L. , Keller U. , Phillips C. R. , Fejer M. M.
Published: April 2013

We present an ultra-broadband optical parametric amplification system based on aperiodically poled Mg:LiNbO3 providing 800 nm bandwidth around 3.4 µm in a 7.4-mm long medium. It delivers pulse energies of 1.5 µJ and 75 fs.
400W Resonantly Pumped Cryogenic Er:YAG Slab Laser at 1645nm
Authors: Shaw Michael J. , Setzler Scott D. , Dinndorf Kenneth M. , Beattie Janies A. , Kukla Mark J. , Chicklis Evan P.
Published: April 2013

We report a diode face-pumped, face-cooled, Er:YAG slab cryo-oscillator producing 420W quasi-cw at 50% duty-cycle and 386W cw near 1645nm with 0.16nm linewidth, believed to be the highest average power reported for any Er:YAG laser.
Deep blue Nd:LiYF4 laser in quasi-continuous and continuous operation
Authors: Neto Jonas Jakutis , de Almeida Camargo Fabíola , Wetter Niklaus Ursus
Published: April 2013

In this work we present continuous and quasi-continuous operation of Nd:YLF operating at 908 nm and frequency conversion to 454 nm using LBO and BiBO nonlinear crystals with different sizes.
20W, Quasi-cw GaSb-based Semiconductor Disk Laser
Authors: Hempler Nils , Hopkins John-Mark , Kemp Alan , Rösener Benno , Rattunde Marcel , Wagner Joachim , Burns David
Published: April 2013

Quasi-cw operation of a 1.9µm semiconductor disk laser with pulses of 1.3µs duration and 20W output power is demonstrated. The thermally-induced spectral shift of the device was found to reach equilibrium after ~200ns.
Intracavity Semiconductor Disk Laser Pumped Continuous-wave, Singly-resonant Mid-IR Optical Parametric Oscillator
Authors: Hopkins J-M , Stothard D. J. M. , Dunn M. H. , Burns D.
Published: April 2013

A relaxation oscillation free cw-OPO pumped in a semiconductor disk laser with 1.4W extracted downconverted radiation is described. A simplified cavity geometry led to enhanced output power of 1.6W at the cost of stability.
A high contrast dual OPCPA pre-amplifier system using both picosecond and nanosecond pump pulses for the Vulcan Petawatt Facility
Authors: Shaikh W. , Musgrave I. O. , Hernandez-Gomez C. , Parry B. , Johnson D.
Published: April 2013

We construct a dual OPCPA scheme with a picosecond OPA for seeding the Vulcan pre-amplifier demonstrating a 103 nanosecond contrast improvement. We provide evidence that the nanosecond contrast of this preamplifier is ~5*10−10.
χ(2) induced non-reciprocal loss and/or phase shift for unidirectional operation of ring lasers
Authors: Tidemand-Lichtenberg Peter , Cheng Haynes Pak Hay , Pedersen Christian
Published: April 2013

Numerical modelling and experimental validation of sum-frequency mixing enforcing stable unidirectional operation of a diode pumped solid-state 1342 nm ring laser with improved stability toward feedback.
Very High Efficiency High-Energy Frequency Doubling in the Alisé Facility
Authors: Mennerat Gabriel , Rault Jacques , Bonville Odile , Canal Philippe , Hartmann Olivier , Mazataud Élisabeth , Marmande Laurent , Patissou Löıc , Charrier Jean-François , Lepage Christian
Published: April 2013

The merits of common nonlinear crystals for frequency doubling at various pulse durations in single-shot régime are discussed. The choice of KDP for short pulses is illustrated with 86% conversion efficiency of 100 J 1 ns and 3 ns-pulses. With 12 ns-long pulses, 217 J of green radiation was generated in LBO with efficiency > 90%.
Mid-Infrared Optical Parametric Oscillator Pumped by a Femtosecond Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser
Authors: Haakestad M. W. , Fonnum H. , Lippert E. , Stenersen K.
Published: April 2013

We report a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator, driven by a femtosecond erbium-doped fiber laser. The idler is tunable from 3.96–4.71 µm, with a maximum power of 22 mW at 3.96 µm.
Room temperature operation of CW diode pumped Er:YVO4 laser at 1.6 µm
Authors: Šulc J. , Jelínková H. , Němec M. , Ryba-Romanowski W. , Lukasiewicz T.
Published: April 2013

Power 0.38 W at wavelength 1602 nm was obtained from Er:YVO4 laser, continuously pumped by laser diode operating at wavelength 976 nm. The laser slope efficiency in respect to absorbed pumping power was 24 %.
External Cavity Quantum Cascade Lasers: Recent Advances, Applications, and Comparisons with Alternative Sources in the MIR
Authors: Day Timothy
Published: April 2013

The performance of external cavity quantum/interband cascade lasers (ECqcL/ECicL) in molecular detection and imaging applications will be discussed. Alternative MIR laser technologies such as OPO and DFG will also be compared. Article not available.
Rugged Optics for Multispectral Imaging Systems
Authors: Aggarwal Ishwar , Sanghera Jasbinder , Bayya Shyam , Kim Woohong , Villalobos Guillermo , Shaw Brandon
Published: April 2013

We have developed several rugged materials for multiband applications covering the UV, visible, Shortwave-IR (SWIR), Midwave-IR (MWIR) and Longwave-IR (LWIR) wavelength regions. These materials include MILTRAN™ and IR glass which transmit in the SWIR, MWIR and LWIR. MILTRAN™ is > 3 times harder and stronger than ZnS and can provide rugged window or dome materials for broadband sensors. IR glass can be easily made in complex shapes. A combination of MILTRAN™ and IR glass can be used to make achromats for multispectral imaging systems.
The issues of artefacts and noise in hybrid imaging systems
Authors: Harvey Andy R , Demenikov Mads , Muyo Gonzalo D , Vettenburg Tom , Bustin Nick , Hasler Ian , Wood Andy
Published: April 2013

Previous research in hybrid imaging tends to have emphasized constancy of the modulation transfer function and ignored the significant variations in the phase-transfer function. We show that the aberrations introduced by phase mismatch effects can also be the key to deducing the PSF and that when this is consequently allowed to vary an overall improvement in image quality can be attained.
Gigagon: a Monocentric Lens Design Imaging 40 Gigapixels
Authors: Marks Daniel L. , Brady David J.
Published: April 2013

The Gigagon is a f/2.5 five element monocentric lens resolving under 2 arcsec over a 120 degree field of view intended to image onto megapixel sensors tiled over the focal surface.
Restoration of Turbulence-Degraded Images Using Pixel Histograms
Authors: Potvin Guy , Luc Forand J. , Dion Denis
Published: April 2013

The most-common method of restoration of turbulence-degraded images restores the sharp edges of an image but makes them jagged. We raise the pixel histograms to a certain order, which creates sharp but straight edges.
Compressive Imaging: Hybrid Projection Design
Authors: Ashok Amit , Neifeld Mark A.
Published: April 2013

Compressive imaging/sensing employing a random measurement basis does not incorporate the specific object prior information available for natural images. An alternate hybrid measurement basis is proposed that yields improved reconstruction performance for natural images.
Total Variation Adaptive Scene-Based Nonuniformity Correction
Authors: Vera Esteban , Meza Pablo , Torres Sergio
Published: April 2013

We propose an adaptive scene-based nonuniformity correction method based on the minimization of the total variation of the estimated irradiance, which provides enhanced results in both simulated and real infrared imagery, showing less ghosting artifacts.
The Digital Camera is an Imaging System
Authors: Farrell Joyce , Catrysse Peter , Wandell Brian
Published: April 2013

We describe methods for simulating the complete image processing pipeline of a digital camera, including the scene, optics, sensor, processing and display output.
Characterization of Highly Stable Mid-IR, GaSb-Based Laser Diodes
Authors: Okishev A. V. , Wang D. , Westerfeld D. , Shterengas L. , Belenky G.
Published: April 2013

Highly stable, room-temperature mid-IR, GaSb-based laser diodes have been characterized at various temperatures and driver currents. Up to 54 mW of output power was demonstrated in a 3150- to 3180-nm wavelength range with <20-nm FWHM spectral width.
Fast Multispecies Gas Monitoring Based on a Single Modulated Grating Y-branch Diode Laser Operating Between 1529 nm and 1565 nm
Authors: Lewander Märta , Fried Alan , Richter Dirk , Weibring Petter , Rippe Lars
Published: April 2013

A multispecies sensor based on one single modulated grating Y-branch diode laser is presented. Sequential scanning of three gases with absorption lines separated 30 nm in less than 20 ms is demonstrated.
Detecting trace species in air using Radar REMPI
Authors: Dogariu Arthur , Madden Patrick M. , Miles Richard B.
Published: April 2013

Microwave scattering based REMPI is used to detect NO, CO, Xe, and Ar in pure form and in atmospheric air. The spectra, dynamics, and the detection limits of trace species in air are studied.
High brightness, parametric frequency conversion based, 2 µm laser transmitter for CO2 DIAL
Authors: Raybaut M. , Godard A. , Mohamed A. K. , Lefebvre M. , Marnas F. , Flamant P. , Bohman A. , Geiser P. , Kaspersen P.
Published: April 2013

A novel, high brightness, transmitter for CO2 DIAL is presented. The single-mode output of a frequency controlled, entangled-cavity nanosecond OPO is amplified to >10 mJ at 2.05µm, with 3MHz frequency stability and M2 < 1.5.
Low cost, high performance TDL gas sensors for widespread network deployment
Authors: Sonnenfroh David , Parameswaran Krishnan
Published: April 2013

We discuss the development of high precision, low cost diode laser-based sensors for monitoring ambient CO2 in networks. Sensor performance metrics will be highlighted and examples of sensors under development discussed.
Coastal Vegetation Mapping from Hyperspectral Imagery
Authors: Lee Krista , Bachmann Charles M. , Fusina Robert A. , Montes Marcos J. , Li Rong-Rong , Fry John C. , Nichols C. Reid. , Parrish Christopher , Sellars Jon
Published: April 2013

Leaf and canopy level reflectance have been measured by us in an ongoing effort to characterize coastal vegetation in a variety of coastal types. We compare results of these efforts for coastal vegetation mapping. Article not available.
Bringing All Lidar Data Together: Investigations of Spatially Coincident Terrestrial, Airborne, and Satellite Lidar Data for Deriving Vegetation Structure Metrics
Authors: Popescu Sorin C.
Published: April 2013

The overall goal of this study was to compare forest structure metrics obtained by processing ICESat waveform data and spatially coincident discrete-return airborne lidar and ground-based laser scanner data over varied terrain conditions covered by forests. For mostly flat-terrain conditions, we investigated lidar data over forests in east Texas, which are characteristics for most of the south-eastern United States, thus allowing terrain to be largely excluded as a source of error. For sloped-terrain, we used lidar data over forests in Oregon. In addition to forest height measurements, we investigated biomass estimates derived from waveform height metrics and also compared terrain elevation measurements and canopy parameters. Specific objectives were to: (1) compare terrain elevations and canopy height parameters derived from ICESat and airborne lidar; (2) compare vertical forest structure metrics and above ground biomass estimates derived with data from sensors on all three platforms, ground, airborne, and satellite, with reference data collected by field measurements; and (3) discuss advantages and limitations of lidar data on all three platforms for characterizing forest vegetation. Over flat terrain, results indicated a very strong correlation for terrain elevations between ICESat and airborne lidar, with R-square values of 0.98 and sub-meter RMSE. ICESat height variables were able to explain 80% of the variance associated with the reference biomass derived from airborne lidar, with an RMSE of 37.7 Mg/ha. Most of the models for height metrics had R-square values above 0.9. Results from ongoing investigations for sloped-terrain are expected to establish practical procedures for improving analysis of waveform data in vegetation studies.
Atmospheric Correction of Hyperspectral Imagery in the Littoral Environment
Authors: Montes Marcos J.
Published: April 2013

Atmospheric correction of remote sensing imagery of littoral areas is challenging for numerous reasons. This presentation will include a review of these challenges, as well as a review of several proposed solutions. Article not available.
Evaluating Materials of Environmental Concern Using Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Swayze Gregg A.
Published: April 2013

Reflectance spectroscopy in the ultraviolet (UV) to the near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths is a useful tool for evaluating environmental contaminants at scales from hand specimens to those available from airborne and spaceborne remote-sensing platforms. In particular, use of airborne hyperspectral systems with hundreds of contiguous spectral channels substantially increases the certainty of mineral identifications compared to more widely used multi-spectral systems. Imaging spectroscopy has been successfully used to aid researchers in characterizing potential environmental impacts posed by acid-rock drainage, Katrina related oils spills, and asbestos in serpentine mineral deposits and in urban dust. Many of these applications synergistically combine field spectroscopy with remote sensing data, thus allowing more precise data calibration, spectral analysis of the data, and verification of mapping. The increased accuracy makes these environmental evaluation tools efficient because they can be used to focus field work on those areas most critical to the research effort. The use of spectroscopy to evaluate minerals of environmental concern pushes current imaging spectrometer technology to its limits.
Synthesis and Characterization of Kiton Red Doped ZnO Nanorod Arrays for Solar Cell
Authors: Haque Fozia Z. , Shastri Lokesh , Husain Mushahid
Published: April 2013

Kiton red dye sensitized solar cell(DSSC) using ZnO nanoparticle and nanorods grown on FTO substrate provides a credible alternative concept to present day photovoltic device. Nanoparticles were investigated through SEM, XRD and I-V study.
Current mouse and cell models in prostate cancer research
Authors: Wu Xinyu , Gong Shiaoching , Roy-Burman Pradip , Lee Peng , Culig Zoran
Published: April 2013

Mouse models of prostate cancer (PCa) are critical for understanding the biology of PCa initiation, progression, and treatment modalities. Here, we summarize recent advances in PCa mouse models that led to new insights into specific gene functions in PCa. For example, the study of transgenic mice with TMPRSS2/ERG, an androgen-regulated fusion protein, revealed its role in developing PCa precursor lesions, prostate intraepithelial neoplasia; however, it is not sufficient for PCa development. Double deficiency ofPtenandSmad4leads to a high incidence of metastatic PCa. Targeted deletion ofPtenin castration-resistantNkx3-1-expressing cells results in rapid carcinoma formation after androgen-mediated regeneration, indicating that progenitor cells with luminal characteristics can play a role in initiation of PCa. Transgenic mice with activated oncogenes, growth factors, and steroid hormone receptors or inactivated tumor suppressors continue to provide insights into disease progression from initiation to metastasis. Further development of new PCa models with spatial and temporal regulation of candidate gene expression will probably enhance our understanding of the complex events that lead to PCa initiation and progression, thereby invoking novel strategies to combat this common disease in men.
High Pressure-Lightweight Blended Slurry System: A Solution for Low Fracture Gradient and Deep Reservoir Cementation Challenges
Authors: Salehpour _ , Ahmad Amir , Zaffaryab _ , Ishtiaq S. Ali
Published: April 2013

Successful cementation of low fracture gradient reservoir sections poses its own challenges for the operators. Such cement systems shall be competent enough to endure the stresses being imposed throughout the life cycle of the well ( cycles of pressure and temperature changes imposed by perforations, well testing, work-over operations and etc.) and at the same the existence of relatively low fracture gradients formations will limit the upper range density of such systems.

Blended light weight cement systems by adopting a new approach to designing cement slurries effectively decouple the physical properties of set cement from the slurry properties and density, resulting in high performance lightweight cement slurries. Conventional blends have some components with limited pressure rating that will collapse trader high pressure and therefore the slurry properties can change dramatically to the point where the cementing job objectives can be jeopardized. The before mentioned challenge becomes more evident when the case is related to the cementation of a deep and low fracture gradient reservoir section.

Rajian oil field in north of Pakistan have been put into regular production since 1994 with reservoir section total depths of 3850 m ( +/ -). Recent development wells required the operator to use light weight cement where conventional light weight blended solution could not be utilized due to the excessive down-hole pressures those system would be subjected to during the cementation operations.

This paper will briefly review the existing methods to achieve light weight cement slurry and will focus on the high-pressure light-weight blended slurry system through a case study in Rajian field.