bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Funcionamento Psicológico Parental e Controle Glicêmico de Crianças com Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1: Uma Revisão de Escopo
Authors: Brito Ariane De , Remor Eduardo
Published: April 2021

Introdução: Pesquisas sobre os cuidados com o tratamento do diabetes tipo 1 (DM1) em crianças demonstraram que fatores relacionados com o funcionamento psicológico parental estão associados com o controle glicêmico do filho com DM1. Objetivo: A presente revisão de escopo objetivou identificar, mapear e discutir as evidências disponíveis acerca das associações existentes entre as variáveis de funcionamento psicológico parental e o controle glicêmico de crianças até dez anos com DM1. Método: Nas bases de dados PsycINFO e PubMed foram pesquisados artigos empíricos de texto completo publicados entre janeiro de 2004 a março de 2019, e que relacionaram variáveis de funcionamento psicológico parental (pai, mãe e/ou cuidadores) e o controle glicêmico, por meio da hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) de crianças com DM1. Resultados: 24 artigos empíricos foram selecionados. Dez (41,6%) estudos observaram relações significativas entre as variáveis parentais e o controle glicêmico das crianças, sendo a autoeficácia parental no diabetes e a numeracia parental os principais preditores da HbA1c das crianças. Conclusão: Os resultados observados revelaram evidências mistas e ainda inconclusivas. No entanto, ao identificar os efeitos que algumas variáveis parentais exercem no controle glicêmico infantil, intervenções para pais/cuidadores podem ser desenvolvidas e testadas no contexto do DM1 na infância.
A criança com dificuldade de aprendizagem: triagem psicológica na escola
Authors: Zuchinali Diandra , Simon Carla Sasso , Nunes Rafael Zaneripe de Souza , Vitali Marieli Mezari , De Souza Caroline Zaneripe , Kern Cristina Adriana Rodrigues , Tuon Lisiane , Gomes Karin Martins
Published: April 2021

Introdução: A escola é um ambiente essencial para a aprendizagem e socialização. As dificuldades de aprendizagem possuem diferentes origens, por conta de deficiência intelectual ou dificuldades decorrentes do contexto, desta forma, a avaliação psicológica é um importante norteador dos procedimentos de inclusão escolar.Objetivo: Identificar a relação entre crianças que apresentavam dificuldades em sala de aula, conforme relato dos professores, e crianças com características psicológicas sugestivas de deficiência intelectual.Materiais e Métodos: Pesquisa quantitativa, em modelo de pesquisa-intervenção com 20 crianças entre 7 e 10 anos provenientes de cinco escolas públicas do município de Criciúma, Santa Catarina. Os participantes passaram por testagem psicológica com os instrumentos WASI e TDE, os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, porcentagem e frequência com o software SPSS.Resultados: Observou-se que 15% das crianças apresentaram índice extremamente baixo no WASI e 12 crianças apresentaram classificação inferior no TDE.Conclusão: Identificou-se que mais da metade apresentou indícios de defasagem escolar decorrente de dificuldades de aprendizagem, e menos da metade apresentou indícios de deficiência intelectual.
Development of turning process digital twin based on machine learning
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Rastorguev D. A. , Sevastyanov A. A. ,   Togliatti State University
Published: April 2021

Today, manufacturing technologies are developing within the Industry 4.0 concept, which is the information technologies introduction in manufacturing. One of the most promising digital technologies finding more and more application in manufacturing is a digital twin. A digital twin is an ensemble of mathematical models of technological process, which exchanges information with its physical prototype in real-time. The paper considers an example of the formation of several interconnected predictive modules, which are a part of the structure of the turning process digital twin and designed to predict the quality of processing, the chip formation nature, and the cutting force. The authors carried out a three-factor experiment on the hard turning of 105WCr6 steel hardened to 55 HRC. Used an example of the conducted experiment, the authors described the process of development of the digital twin diagnostic module based on artificial neural networks. When developing a mathematical model for predicting and diagnosing the cutting process, the authors revealed higher accuracy, adaptability, and versatility of artificial neural networks. The developed mathematical model of online diagnostics of the cutting process for determining the surface quality and chip type during processing uses the actual value of the cutting depth determined indirectly by the force load on the drive. In this case, the model uses only the signals of the sensors included in the diagnostic subsystem on the CNC machine. As an informative feature reflecting the force load on the machine’s main motion drive, the authors selected the value of the energy of the current signal of the spindle drive motor. The study identified that the development of a digital twin is possible due to the development of additional modules predicting the accuracy of dimensions, geometric profile, tool wear.
Regulation of powder particles shape and size at plasma spraying
Authors:   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Ermakov S. B.
Published: April 2021

Additive technologies are among the most rapidly developing areas of modern production. To ensure the progressive movement of additive technologies development in the Russian Federation, it is necessary to provide maximum availability of additive raw materials – spherical metal powders for the domestic enterprises; however, the absence of domestic assemblies to produce such powders hampers the solution of this issue. Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University has developed and successfully carried out industrial tests of a plasma atomization system for solid metal feedstocks of various chemical compositions. The paper presents the results of the study of the influence of some technological parameters on the granulometric size, shape, and defect structure of 12H18N9 steel and VG98 alloy powders. The paper includes the results of the research of the influence of such spraying parameters as the current strength and the plasma-forming gas velocity supplied to the plasma generator and the volume of protective gas supplied to the spray torch through the fluidized bed system nozzles located in the midsection of the atomizer spraying chamber. The study showed that by increasing the current strength and the plasma-forming gas velocity, it is possible to reduce the average size of the powder particles; and by changing the volume of the protective gas supply, it is possible to control the particle shape. The analysis of the chemical composition of the obtained powders shows that during the spraying process, there is no loss of alloying elements and the powder composition is the same as the original feedstock compositions. The paper gives the developed modes for the alloy feedstocks spraying, shows the possibility to produce metal powders with the level of the spherical shape factor of 92–96 % and minimal – not exceeding 0.5 % of powder aggregate weight – number of particles with nonmetallic inclusions, external and internal defects.
EXTRAMURAL TRAINING AT THE EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE RF INTERIOR MINISTRY SYSTEM: THE EXPERIENCE OF SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Authors:   Far-Eastern Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Kleymenov E. A. , Chepikov E. V. ,   Far-Eastern Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Published: April 2021

A significant proportion of students of educational institutions of the RF Ministry of Internal Affairs (the RF Interior Ministry) are students of the correspondence courses. Moreover, there is practically no relevant sociological understanding in the literature of the conditions to implement the educational process with their participation. In this regard, the authors set a goal - based on studying the public opinion of students and teaching staff, to conduct a sociological analysis of the conditions of the educational process implemented in the educational organization of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in correspondence form. The students and teachers of the Far-Eastern Law Institute of the RF Interior Ministry were the subjects of the research. A combination of quantitative and qualitative (focus group interviews) sociological surveys used in the paper ensured the results’ reliability. The authors conclude that the main cause for entering an educational organization of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is an opportunity to obtain a legal education. The interviewed students consider the practical, law enforcement orientation of the education received and the discipline and strictness of the educational process implementation as the main substantive advantages of education at the Institute. The respondents see the difficulties of the educational process, first of all, in the insufficient amount of time for the examination period, i.e., face-to-face interaction with lecturers. In a separate block, the authors describe the state and the prospects of extramural education using distance learning technologies: the paper shows the dualism of perception of such technologies by the teaching staff and students, determines the relations between the training level of the respondents and the assessments of these prospects and reveals the altruistic moods of lecturers regarding the possible full transfer of distance education on the remote form.
CURRENT STATE OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROBLEM OF MOBBING
Authors:   Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kulakova A. B.
Published: April 2021

In the context of the modern stressful labor market, mobbing prevention in organizations becomes very relevant as bullying towards an employee from the staff, its certain persons, or a chief happens increasingly frequently. Conflict interaction affects the health and mental state of an object of bullying, creates a toxic working climate, and adversely affects financial indicators: labor efficiency goes down, employee turnover increases, and the staff becomes less consolidated. It is necessary to understand the prevention of this problem. The paper deals with identifying the peculiarities of mobbing in organizations and specifying the list of prompt preventive measures against bullying. Based on the results of contemporary studies, the author carried out a theoretical review and analysis of the mobbing process structure and identified the most sensitive professions. Using the proposed typologies of the mobbing process initiators (subjects), the paper presents the evident personal attributes of bullies and their stereotypic strategies in working teams. The author highlights factors raising a possibility that a person will be chosen as a mobbing object and the most common mobbing actions against such person. As a result of the study, the author created a list of preventive measures in an organization ensuring timely identification of the mobbing process and overcoming the bullying forms existing among the staff. The paper suggests the counteracting, preventing, correcting, and controlling measures, which, when timely carried out, will promote the solving of mobbing problems in organizations.
THE ESSENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DETERMINANTS OF SELF-COMMUNICATION DISCOURSE AS AN INTERNAL DIALOGUE
Authors:   Orenburg State Pedagogical University, Shapoval I. A.
Published: April 2021

The paper presents the interdisciplinary analysis of the determinants of the system of self-communication discourse and internal dialogue as the forms of objectivation of human mental content focused on some actions for meeting some objectives. The author describes discourse as integration of communication and language processes in self-understanding and personal identity. Contextually determined and dynamic self-communication discourse, as a way of acquirement of new senses and confirmation of old ones, verbalizes current personal values. The study results reveal the characteristics and relations of the internal dialogue discourse determinants within the human objectivity–subjectivity continuum. Discourse determinants prescribe its context and rules and include the prototype place and agents with their motives and objectives. Self-positions manifested in Self and Non-Self (Other Self) binary self-predications form the core pair of agents. The modality of a person’s attitude to own Self-positions makes their communications a dialogue or a monologue on the boundary of their sub-territories as a discourse prototype place. The degree of discourse agency, its closeness within the prototype place, or transgression openness depends on the complexity and differentiation of Self-concept and ego boundaries functionality. The frustration of meta-necessity to keep self-confidence and self-acceptance by reassessment and reformation of interrelations of Self-positions determines the motives and objectives of self-communication. The common goal of self-organization is implemented through the internal dialogue in the form of institutionalization, verification, and integration of their Self-predications. Status-role characteristics of agents and functionality of discourse prototype place determine the specificity of its motives and objectives according to the systemic effects of Self-organization.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL DIAGRAMS FOR DESIGNING UNIQUE TRANSPORT FACILITIES USING SIMULATION MODELS
Authors:   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Ermoshin N. A. , Romanchikov S. A. ,   General A.V. Khrulev Military Academy for Logistics
Published: April 2021

Technical complexity, service safety requirements, and uncertainty of building and functioning conditions cause the objective necessity to improve organizational and technological diagrams of designing transport infrastructure facilities. The developed schemes and methods of organization of projecting unique transport facilities should meet the required quality of projects at the limited value of initial data and the possibility to adjust the design solutions in the process of design tasks implementation. The paper deals with the development of a methodological approach to substantiating the organizational and technological diagrams for the design of unique transport structures using simulation models. This approach provides the possibility of modeling the work of design organizations, taking into account the dynamics of the input of initial information and its uncertainty, iteration and persistence of the processes of developing innovative design and technology solutions, time parameters of creation, and quality of project design depending on the designer skills, engineering risks, and other stochastic factors. The authors carried out the theoretical research of simulation model and design organizations functionality creation using the theory of deterministic and stochastic graphs with returns. During the study, the dependences of quality and design solution development time on the designer skills and initial information uncertainty are obtained. The authors propose the technique for transforming the information-logical schemas of design organizations work into stochastic models, the procedures of events generation and solution adjustment imitation, and the project groups’ formation. The study identified that it is possible to improve the reliability and safety of the unique transport facilities through the development of organizational and technological design diagrams, which consider the uncertainty, initial data dynamic nature, and designer skills.
Improvement of Technology for Producing Extrudates Using Protein-Vitamin Coagulate
Authors: Chaplygina Irina , Matyushev Vasiliy , Semenov Alexandr
Published: April 2021

Development of modern feed production imposes the need for energy-resource-saving technologies that increase the nutritional value of finished feed. The extrusion of grain and other components included in the animal feed formulation is an additional resource of high-energy feed. Of practical interest is the production of extruded feed using protein-vitamin coagulate from green mass sap. Extrusion technology enables production of a high-quality product, provides bacterial purity of feed and ensures its high safety, which determines the effective use of extrudate in rations. Studies have been carried out to improve the technology for producing extrudates from a mixture of wheat grain and protein-vitamin coagulate obtained from alfalfa sap. An experimental production line for producing extrudates using protein-vitamin coagulate is proposed. The optimal ratio of grain and protein-vitamin coagulate was determined based on the analysis of the composition and energy value of the extrudate. It is noted that the protein content in extrudates from a mixture of wheat grain and protein-vitamin coagulate is 9%–24% higher than that in extruded wheat. The metabolizable energy in such feed is 1.4–3.1% higher than that in extruded wheat. The proposed technology for extrudate production using protein-vitamin coagulate provides feed and feed components with high protein content and metabolic energy. The mixture of wheat grain and 12% protein-vitamin coagulate is found to be optimal. Extrudates obtained on the basis of the optimal ratio of components contain 17.69% protein and 14.61 MJ/kg of metabolizable energy.
Keywords: extrudate, protein-vitamin coagulate, technology, mixture, feed
Safety Analysis of Freshwater Fish
Authors: Fedorov Nikolai , Soloviev Nikolai , Gak Yuri
Published: April 2021

The results presented in this paper demonstrate that the microbial population in the hydroecosystem has seasonal variations. The bacterial contamination of water and fish in November was 140 and 11 times less than in July respectively. It was found that fish caught in natural reservoirs in the autumn-winter period had different dynamics in the development of postmortem changes in comparison with those caught in the summer period. Postmortem secretion of mucus was not as pronounced in autumn-winter as in summer. Postmortem rigidity on the contrary was pronounced; gill covers were tightly fitting; and spinal muscles were tensed and of dense texture. Storing fresh river fish at a temperature of 3-5°C for 24 hours did not lead to a change in sensory evaluation. Physic-chemical indicators corresponded to the values characterizing fresh, healthy fish. During storage, the bacterial contamination of fish increased by more than 100 times, while the maximum permissible number of microorganisms (5.0 × 104 CFU / g) was not exceeded.
Keywords: fish, microbiological control, organoleptic and physic-chemical indicators
Concept of Productivity Levels in Modeling Sugar Beet Yields
Authors: Fetyukhin Igor , Avdeenko Aleksei , Avdeenko Svetlana , Riabtseva Natalia
Published: April 2021

Various approaches have been used to model the productive potential of sugar beets under the conditions of unstable moistening of the steppe zone of Russia. This paper considers the general theoretical approach to the functional description of most of the processes of plant growth and development in ontogenesis, as well as of any organism, which is determined by the conversion of bioclimatic resources into the biological mass of plants. Through mathematical modeling, the potential productivity of sugar beets in the absence of limiting factors, with optimal provision of plant life factors, was determined. The second level of modeling sugar beet productivity was performed for the conditions of unstable moistening in the steppe zone of Russia, where soil moisture is a factor limiting the productivity of the crop. To predict productivity in conditions of moisture deficiency, the study used plant organs and soil processes as a model, since they determine the availability of water and nutrients for the plant root system. Given the practical applications of the data for real production conditions, the data obtained in the first and second levels of crop productivity modeling were compared with the actual yield data obtained empirically. The maximum rates of dry matter accumulation for the conditions of the steppe zone of Russia in the absence of limiting factors was not limited to the supply of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and could produce up to 16 t/ha of dry matter root crops. With a moisture deficit during the beginning of row closing (from the 45th to the 75th day of the growing season), there was almost no increase in the dry matter of the plant mass, which reduced the potential productivity of sugar beets by 50%.
Keywords: crop modeling, sugar beet, potential crop, photosynthesis, moisture supply
Pathomorphological Changes in Calves with Intrauterine Colibacteriosis
Authors: Mironova Anna , Suleymanov Suleiman , Ivanov Dmitry , Obukhov Mikhail , Gospodinova Alexandra
Published: April 2021

Cattle provide valuable food and raw materials for various types of industry, which is why the successful development of breeding of this type of farm animal plays an important role for the economy of the Russian Federation. Unfortunately, calves, due to stressful conditions and improper maintenance, feeding and exploitation of pregnant cows, are susceptible to diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Colibacteriosis is one of the main causes of loss of productivity and mortality of young cattle. Therefore, the study of methods for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this disease is an urgent problem of veterinary medicine. This article examines the clinical and pathological methods of studying calves with intrauterine colibacteriosis. The results are presented in the form of photographs of pathomorphological changes in organs and tissues with a list of eleven pathological diagnoses inherent in escherichiosis, such as dehydration, exhaustion and anemia; hemorrhagic diathesis; acute serous lymphadenitis; acute serous splenitis (septic spleen); fatty degeneration and hemorrhages in the liver; acute catarrhal bronchopneumonia, mainly of the apical and cardiac lobes; hyperemia and hemorrhage under the epi- and endocardium; acute alterative myocarditis; acute catarrhal or hemorrhagic gastroenterocolitis; hemorrhagic or acute catarrhal with banded hemorrhage proctitis; and acute serous nephritis. For the study, we selected 16 calves of Holstein-Friesian and Brown Schwyz breed from the age of newborns to two weeks of age with symptoms of toxic dyspepsia. For the pathological studies, autopsiesof 10 corpses of calves from 1 to 5 days of life were performed.
Keywords: intrauterine colibacteriosis, calves, pathological changes
Use of Assessment Indicators to Forecast Market Promotion of Products
Authors: V. Clopova Anna , V. Skripin Petr , I. Shpak Tatiana , B. Zhukov Roman
Published: April 2021

During recent years the trend to tighten competitiveness has been increasing globally almost in all industries, although before then it was absent in many countries and economic sectors. This article touches upon the main issues regarding the competitiveness of enriched curd products with prebiotic substances. On the basis of a consumer survey, the calculation of advantageous indicators was performed. According to the results of the ranking of quality indicators, the following maximum values were accepted: taste and smell, form and consistency, titratable acidity, amino acid composition, and vitamin and mineral composition. A comparative analysis of consumer qualities of curd products is given. According to the results of the assessment of the quality of curd products, it can be concluded that competitive advantage belongs to a curd product enriched with cedar oil cake, lactulose syrup and whey proteins. This is followed by the curd product enriched with cedar oil cake and lactulose syrup, and then the integral indicator in the curd sample enriched with cedar oil cake. The integral indicators of curd cream and curd cheese have low values: 0.16 and 0.145, respectively. Thus, the developed curd products enriched with prebiotic substances will be in demand in the modern market of curd products.
Keywords: competitiveness, complex quality indicator, curd products, cedar oil cake, whey protein, lactulose
Modification of the Method for Determining Myeloperoxidase in Blood Neutrophils
Authors: R. Korablyeva Tatyana , V. Senchuk Ivan , E. Ageeva Elizaveta
Published: April 2021

Myeloperoxidase is a heme-containing peroxidase expressed primarily in neutrophils and to a lesser extent in monocytes. Determining the activity of myeloperoxidase in blood cells is one of the tests of the immune status of animals. Conventional methods are based on the oxidation of benzidine by the peroxide system to the unstable benzidine blue, which spontaneously turns into stable brown benzidine. The aim of this study was to develop a modification of the cytological determination of the myeloperoxidase enzyme using metol. The relative percentage of peroxidase-positive neutrophils in the peripheral blood of animals was determined after 100 neutrophils had been counted. The task was achieved by using the reaction with metol in the method of cytological determination of the activity of neutrophil myeloperoxidase in animal blood smears, which was based on the oxidation of metol by a peroxide system. Images of micropreparations were digitized using a Sony device for processing the received images of the cells. The Image Tool computer program was used for this purpose. The biological substrate was processed from a buffer-incubation mixture with subsequent drying and microscopy. The main new modification of the method was using metol. Metol does not have the ability to inhibit the activity of myeloperoxidase. The research showed easy and fast results. This method is economical and perspective for using in practice.
Keywords: myeloperoxidase, blood, neutrophils, metol
Therapeutic Effectiveness of an Antiseptic Drug for Ulcerative Finger Lesions in Artiodactyls
Authors: Leshchenko Tatyana , Mikhailova Irina , Yevglevsky Alexey , Finageev Evgeniy , Finageeva Maya , Mikhailova Olesya
Published: April 2021

The most common surgical pathology of cattle and small ruminants is purulo-necrotic disease in the hoof, which is caused by deep neurotic-dystrophic disorders and is the result of exposure to exogenous and endogenous factors, as well as inadequate, monotonous feeding and non-compliance with hygienic and quarantine measures. The success of the control of purulent-necrotic processes in the area of the hoof depends on the timely detection of sick animals, their correct treatment and effective preventative work. Scientists have proposed many approaches and methods for treating animals that have hoof diseases, but there is no consensus about the effectiveness of the existing drugs. For the treatment of cattle and small ruminants with purulo-necrotic disease of the hoof, we proposed a new antiseptic drug with bacteriostatic, fungicidal, astringent and regenerating effects. This drug contains copper sulfate, boric acid and succinic acid. It is applied as a powder. The healing of the purulo-necrotic ulcers in the experimental animals occurred under a fibrin-tissue scab, and by the 10th day, the abnormal focus was filled with granulations followed by epithelization, which was explained by the energetic metabolic effect on the cells of the succinic acid included in the drug. The advantage of the proposed method of treatment is in the simplicity of the technical preparation of the powder under the conditions of production and in the rapid recovery of animals. The powder does not possess inhibitory properties and does not have a toxic effect.
Keywords: cows, sheep, ulcers, treatment, new powder
Problems of Managing Potato Plant Growth Under Micropropagation for Primary Seeds
Authors: Kornatskiy Sergey
Published: April 2021

This study shows the possibility of controlling the growth of potato microplants when adding the Murashige-Skoog (MS) nutrient medium chlorocholine chloride (CCC) to the composition at a concentration of 0.05-0.25 mg ⋅ L −1. Varietal specificity of the reaction of potato plants to the preparation was revealed. At optimal concentrations of CCC, plants with a stem length of 7-10 cm in 250 ml flasks were grown from single-node microcuttings for 1.5 months. Microplants were removed from the flasks using 20 cm scissors and unsterilized tweezers. The roots were shortened to 2-3 mm and the basal part of the stems was treated with a chalk-based paste containing 0.04% indolylbutyric acid (IBA). Plants were planted on 36 mm diameter Jiffy 7 peat pellets directly in the laboratory. The trays with the material were transferred to the greenhouse at the end of April at a temperature of 20-25 °C and placed in the conditions of the upper fine irrigation. After 3-4 days, mass root formation began in the plants, and another week later the seedlings were ready for use. By then the height of the plants was 10-15 cm, and the roots were clearly visible on the surface of the peat pellets. Planting these seedlings in a technological greenhouse to obtain minitubers was convenient and inexpensive.
Keywords: potato, microcuttings, microtubers, minitubers, chlorocholine chloride, peat pellets
A Study on the Dynamics of the Development of Red Steppe Cows and Their Ayrshire and Holstein Crossbreeds
Authors: I. Panfilova Galina , L. Tretyakova Olga , S. Degtyar Anna , N. Nefedova Valentina , V. Semenchenko Sergey
Published: April 2021

When purchasing animals from abroad, agricultural enterprises often underestimate their demand for feed quality and feeding standards for ensuring genetically determined milk productivity. Therefore, increasing attention should be paid to raising local breeds. During the creation of new production relations, it is very important to preserve achievements of scientists and breeders. The widespread use of red steppe cows is due to good feed payment, unpretentiousness, and their adaptability to the steppe zone with its arid climate. There was a real threat of extinction of purebred red steppe cattle: with the intensification of dairy cattle breeding, as well as low milk productivity, these animals are inferior to the best dairy breeds by productivity, but they are better by endurance, resistance to diseases, and adaptability to extreme environmental conditions. Therefore, scientific research is needed on improving the productive and technological qualities of this breed using the best global gene pool of dairy cattle. This article presents the results of a study on the development of heifers of purebred red steppe cows and their Ayrshire and red-motley Holstein crossbreeds. Differences in the live weight indicators of the purebred and crossbred heifers were due to the effect of crossbreeding and intensive growing technology, which made it possible to maximize the genetic potential of the crossbred animals.
Keywords: breed, steppe red, Holstein, Ayrshire, live weight, feed costs, diet
Physiological Features of the Reproductive System of Female Nutria
Authors: Mironova Lyudmila , Pavlenko Olga , Bashkatova Nelly , Burov Sergey , Ortyakova Irina
Published: April 2021

This article provides information about a promising alternative field of animal husbandry – nutria breeding. This involves the production of fur and high-quality meat products, which contain a large amount of nitrogenous extractives and muscle hemoglobin. This study examined the sexual system of female nutria, and the dynamics, duration and features of each stage of the female nutria’s sexual cycle, including estrus, sexual arousal, hunting, braking and phase balancing. The methods of observation, clinical examination, research of smears and fingerprints, and analysis of the cytogram of the vaginal epithelium at different stages of sexual and physiological maturity of female nutria were used. When analyzing the cytogram of the vaginal epithelium, the structure, color, and percentage of basal, parabasal, superficial, and keratinized cells were indicated. Information about the timing of sexual and physiological maturity, their features, processes and signs of manifestation, and different timing of sexual and physiological maturity in summer and winter is provided.
Keywords: nutria, female, puberty, physiological maturity
Equine Tendinopathy Therapy Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Platonova Svetlana , Korovina Daria , Viktorova Ekaterina , Savchenkova Irina
Published: April 2021

The application of animal mesenchymal stem cells has been actively studied in veterinary medicine over the past decade. In horses, the use of stem cells is mainly aimed at the treatment and maintenance of the musculoskeletal system. This review summarizes the currently published data on the therapeutic use of mesenchymal stem cells in equine tendon injuries. Tendon lesions are the most common cause of horse limp. It has been demonstrated that the use of mesenchymal stem cells compared with traditional methods of treatment can significantly reduce the re-injury. Currently, there are a large number of stem cell application protocol versions. Many researchers have obtained positive clinical results in using a combination of mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich blood plasma. Studies have demonstrated the safety of using allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells as an alternative to autologous. This review shows that the application of mesenchymal stem cells for horse tendon regeneration is a perspective area in veterinary medicine.
Promising Breeding Material from Triticum Turgidum L.
Authors: Romanov Boris , Pimonov Konstantin , Sorokina Irina
Published: April 2021

Turgid wheat is distinguished by a large multi-grain ear. Therefore, the involvement of its varieties in the selection process to increase the productivity of winter durum wheat is very promising. This paper shows the results of creating a highly productive source material to improve the production capabilities of existing varieties of winter hard and turgid wheat. To do this, a cross was performed between a loose-leaved multi-grain variety var.martensii with a large-seeded and dense-leaved var.salomonis. By weight of the grain from the ear, the resulting hybrids significantly exceeded the original parent forms and the zoned varieties of winter hard and turgid wheat, cultivated simultaneously with them, but they were taller. When a hybrid was crossed with a modern low-growing variety of Terra, more productive forms were produced relative to the zoned varieties and the same short-stem forms, which can be used as a promising source of breeding material. The selected hybrids, both individually and on average, clearly outperformed the zoned varieties of durum and turgid wheat in terms of grain weight per ear. The production characteristics of the ear on average for the hybrid were as follows: the length of the ear was 7.6 cm, and 18.9 spikelets and 57.5 grains were formed.
Keywords: Triticum turgidum, varieties, hybrid forms, productivity, source material, zoned varieties
The Effect of Point Mutations in the RYR-1 Gene on the Physicochemical Properties of Meat
Authors: N. Polozyuk Olga , A. Svyatogorov Nikolai , S. Polozyuk Evgeny , E. Svyatogorova Alexandra
Published: April 2021

The impact of gene mutations in the RYR-1 gene on the physicochemical qualities and nutritional value of homozygous and heterozygous stress-resistant NOR carcasses with RSE and DFD defects was studied using molecular genetics methods. NOR, which is meat of homozygous cross-breeding pigs, had a 0.44 higher pH level, 2.62% higher water-holding ability, 2.36 units×103 higher color and 0.37% higher content of organic matter; the tryptophan content and protein-quality index were lower by 0.3 mmol/g and 0.29, respectively. This low acidity caused the denaturation of some sarcoplasmic proteins, which contributed to the loss of the meat’s water-holding ability. A sharp decrease in pH led to partial denaturation of the sarcoplasmic proteins, which determined the pale color of the PSE meat. It was found that, compared to the heterozygous stress-sensitive animals with DFD defects, the NOR pH level was 0.55 lower, the water-holding ability was 4.05% lower, and the color intensity was 4.97 units×103 lower; the protein-quality indicator amounted to 8.24, which was 1.12 higher than that in the heterozygous stress-sensitive animals with DFD defects. The defects had a significant impact on other physicochemical properties of the meat. Defects of PSE meat worsened meat color. The intensity of staining of muscle tissue with PSE defects was lower than in normal pork by 11.5, 8.7 and 6.4 units×103 , respectively. DFD-pork exceeded normal meat in color by 13.7 (P> 0.99), 9.5 (P> 0.99) and 7.4 units×103 .
Keywords: stress tolerance, stress sensitivity, genotype, meat defects PSE and DFD-, RYR-1 gene, pH, water-holding ability, meat coloring
Application of Organomineral Fertilizers to Winter Wheat in the Rostov Region
Authors: Yermilov Artyom , Kamenev Roman , Turchin Vladimir , Kameneva Vera
Published: April 2021

Modern crop cultivation technologies are based on various methods of seed and plant treatment using environmentally friendly drugs that stimulate growth and the development of the plants, and increase their productivity and stress resistance. It has been established that the use of organic fertilizers positively affects the vital signs, yield and grain quality of cereal plants. When cultivating winter wheat on the southern chernozem of the Kamensky district (in the Rostov region), the organic fertilizers Router (0.5 or 0.25 l / ton) and Leyli (0.25 l / ton) were used for seed treatment, and Soft Guard (0.2 l / ha) and Humiful Pro (0.2 l / ha) were used in spring tillering and in the flag leaf phase against the background of mineral nitrogen fertilizers in a dose of N32P32K32; the frozen-thawed soil was fertilized with ammonium nitrate in a dose of N40 and foliar fertilization was conducted with carbamide in the heading phase using a dose of N20. This increased the average grain yield by 64.2-64.8% compared with the control variant and by 31.4-32.4% compared with the use of mineral fertilizers. The maximum yield gain was achieved by using the soft-root organic fertilizers Soft Guard (0.2 l / ha) and Gumiful Pro (0.2 l / ha) against the background of mineral fertilizers and seed treatments with Router (0.5 l / ton).
Keywords: winter wheat, southern chernozem, organic fertilizers
Microbiological Characteristics of Biohumus and Humin Extract
Authors: Gneush Anna , Zholobova Inna , Petenko Alexander , Antipova Darya , Yurin Denis
Published: April 2021

This article describes the technology of biohumus and humic extract production and their microbiological characteristics. We developed technology from cattle manure and winter wheat straw in a biodynamic fermenter to obtain biohumus. The received biohumus and the humic extract recovered therefrom were subjected to microbiological analysis. The largest physiological groups of microorganisms in the biohumus were aminoautotrophic microorganisms and ammonifiers. The influence of humic extraction on soil mycobiota was estimated which showed that 30 days after the processing of soil by humic extraction, the quantity of phytopathogenic micromycetes of genus Fusarium decreased by 3.9 times and of genus Penicillium by 1.2 times. The quantity of micromycetes of genus Aspergillus largely did not change, and the quantity of micromycetes saprophytes of genus Trichoderma increased by 2.0 times. After the humic extract treatment, the ratio of saprophytic and pathogenic groups of microscopic fungus in the soil was more than 10, which ensured their sufficient suppression. Thus, the phytosanitary state of the tested soil sample after treatment with humic extract significantly improved, which made it possible to recommend the use of humic extract for soil treatment not only as an organic fertilizer, but also for the purpose of reducing the content of phytopathogenic microscopic fungus therein.
Keywords: biohumus, humic extract, soil, microorganisms, microscopic fungus, phytosanitary state
Preservation of Soil Fertility Using Sidereal Clover
Authors: Zelenskay Galina , Zelenskiy Nikolay , Abramov Andrey
Published: April 2021

This study examined the use of intermediate groundcover sideral crops, such as perennial leguminous herbs, to conserve soil fertility though enriching the soil with fresh organic matter, an effective and low-cost method. Studies show that the use of direct sowing technology allows the preservation of all plant residues on the soil surface, which ensures the best accumulation of snow in the winter. Through the preservation of numerous biodrenes from the root system of sweet clover and other cultivated crops, as well as soil channels from earthworms, this direct sowing technology increases the moisture content of the soil and reduces moisture loss. The effectiveness of various soybean, corn and sunflower cultivation technologies with a minimal tillage period was studied. When sweet clover was used for green manure in April, the maximum yield was obtained, and the maximum yield for corn (57.3-82.3 c/ha) was obtained using the no-till technology. As a consequence, the ground cover crop had a noticeable effect on the yield of the second crop rotation - spring wheat, which had a higher yield. The use of direct sowing technology with sweet clover as green manure provided the highest yield of spring wheat - from 37.2 to 39.8 c / ha. The grain quality of spring wheat, placed as the second crop after melilot on green manure, was higher, both under no-till technology and under mini-till technology.
Keywords: biologization, soil fertility, green manure, clover, direct sowing, productivity
Optimization Studies of Culture Media for In-Vitro Clonal Micropropagation of New Grape Varieties
Authors: Batukaev Abdulmalik , Sobralieva Eliza , Palaeva Diana
Published: April 2021

This article describes the effect of Gautheret, White, Heller and Murashige & Skoog mineral salts during in-vitro clonal micropropagation of new grape varieties. The optimal mineral compositions of the culture medium that support the in-vitro regeneration of isolated grape explants were identified. The grapes that were studied were the Bart and Augustine varieties. Primary grape explants were cultivated for 30 days in a non-transplanted culture. Increased regenerative activity was observed in the Murashige & Skoog and White media. Increased haemogenesis occurred and shoots regenerated. The addition of cytokinin 6-BAP to the medium for obtaining aseptic culture led to an increase in the frequency of shoot-bud production by 5 to 6 times, depending on the type of medium. Combining 6-BAP with the auxin NAA provided an additional increase in the frequency of shoot-bud production, but to a lesser extent. Adding growth regulators to the culture medium also reduced the frequency of explant necrosis.
Keywords: grapes, mineral salts, culture medium, microclonal propagation, in-vitro, cytokinins, auxins
Agrobiological Evaluation of Varieties and Methods Used in Growing Garlic in the Forest-Steppe Zone (in the Republic of Ingushetia)
Authors: Galaev Batyr , Bazgiev Magomed , Kostoyeva Liza , Gutseriev Israil
Published: April 2021

Increasing the production and quality of garlic yield is an important agricultural challenge. In the varying agro-ecological conditions of the North Caucuses, the yield of this crop largely depends on the planting technology and the level of its intensity. Important factors that determine the quality of the garlic yield are the use of varieties adapted to these agro-climatic conditions, high-quality planting materials and agricultural technology that meets the requirements of the crop, and the agro-climatic conditions of the region. At present, the potential productivity of varieties used in the Republic is only 30-40 percent. This is due to the insufficient development of planting technologies that take into account the specific ecological conditions of the region. This study examines the factors regulating the yield and quality of garlic varieties.
Keywords: garlic, fertilizers, planting schemes, variety, planting material, vegetation
Assessment of Agrocenosis Adaptability of Winter Wheat in the Conditions of the Foothill Zone of the Central Caucasus
Authors: Manukyan Irina , Miroshnikova Elena , Basieva Madina , Doguzova Nino
Published: April 2021

This paper presents the results of multi-year research on the adaptability of winter wheat varieties to the conditions of the foothill zone of the Central Caucasus. Characteristics such as ductility and stability were used to assess varieties for conformity to the cultivation conditions. Plant homeostaticity served as the indicator of ontogenetic adaptability. Phenological observations and reports were carried out according to the state variety testing methodology. The species composition of weed vegetation was established using the Agroecological Atlas of Russia. Conventional insect accounting methods were used to consider phytophages and plants damaged by them. It was established that the dominant pests of winter grains in the early periods of vegetation include phytophage bugs and cereal leaf beetle Oulema melanopus L. The maximum number of phytophage bugs was noted during the earing-flowering period. The proportion of pathogens of spike Fusarium head blight, tan spot and Septoria spot prevailed in the pathogenic complex. In total, 36.7% of varieties, including Kuma, Deya, Esaul, Starshina, Delta, Nota and Antonina, were medium-resistant to Fusarium head blight damage. According to the results of a comprehensive assessment of winter wheat selection by the parameters of adaptability, productivity and resistance to diseases, highly plastic genotypes responsive to environmental factors were distinguished: Kuma, Deya, Veda, Tanya, and List 25 (bi = 2.2; 2,3; 2,1). The selection of varieties was based on the adaptive properties of winter wheat. Fusarium head blight decreased by 20.8% in the mixed variety Batko+Deya, and the yield of mixed variety crops increased by 9%. Methods for compiling mixed varieties and designing the mosaics of varieties in the area of grain agrocenosis are recommended.
Keywords: winter wheat, sustainability of agrocenosis, productivity, ecological plasticity, mixed varieties
The Environmental Impact of Pig Farming
Authors: Samarin Gennady , Vasilyev Alexey , Tikhomirov Dmitry , Normov Dmitry , Pavlov Alexey , Kokunova Irina , Solovieva Margarita , Dvoretckii Leonid
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to develop a methodology to evaluate the protection of animals and people from the harmful effects of the farm’s microclimate and environment, taking into consideration the energy, economic and environmental indicators. To achieve this goal, the following were determined for 2019 for the eight countries which are the world leaders in the field of pig farming: the volumes of carbon dioxide pollution, ammonia, dust and manure, and the analytical dependencies between the feed consumption, pig productivity and the concentration of ammonia inside the farm. The weight gain of pigs reduced by 15% with an increase in the concentration of ammonia in the internal air of livestock houses to 20 mg/m3 , but the feed wastage increased by 12%. Mathematical models were developed to estimate the relationships between the feed consumption, pig productivity and the concentration of harmful gas (ammonia) which is one of the main parameters of the microclimate. The results will be used in making technical and technological decisions in the field of microclimate, cleaning and disposal of farm manure.
Keywords: pig, farming, ecology, environment