bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nano-biotechnology and its Innovative Perspective in Diabetes Management
Authors: Raval Jigar , Trivedi Riddhi , Suman Sonali , Kukrety Arvind , Prajapati Prajesh
Published: June 2021

The occurrence of the diabetes happens due to the irregular operation of glucose in the body, which is also known as glucose homeostasis, thus leading to metabolic changes in the body. The two stages whether hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia differentiates diabetes into various categories and brought new innovative management for the new routes of administration of these disease condition. Various bio-nanotechnologies which are coupled with nano particulates, polymers, Liposome, various gold plated and Solid Lipids Particulates regulate the transcellular transport, non specific cellular uptake, and paracellular transport, which leads to oral, transdermal, Pulmonary, buccal, Nasal, specific gene oriented administration to avoid the non patience compliance with the parental routes of administration. Phytochemicals have an emerging strategy for the future prospects of diabetes management.
MPEG-PCL Nanomicelles Platform for Synergistic Metformin and Chrysin Delivery
to Breast Cancer in Mice
Authors: Luo Daiqin , Wang Xinjun , Zhong Xiaomei , Chang Jianying , He Mingyuan , Wang Heran , Li Yongxia , Zhao Chaofen , Luo Yan , Ran Li
Published: June 2021

Background:

Metformin (MET) is a well-known anti-diabetic drug that also has anti-cancer effects. However,
high therapeutic doses of MET on cancer cells and the low efficacy of combinatory therapeutic approaches limit
its clinical application. Recent studies have shown that chrysin (CHR) can improve the pharmaceutical efficacy of
MET by suppressing human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and cyclin D1 gene expression.

Objective:

This study aimed to develop different ratios of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(e-caprolactone)
(MPEG-PCL) micelles for breast cancer to co-deliver a synergistic CHR/MET combination.

Methods:

CHR/MET drug-loaded micelles were prepared by modified thin-film hydration.Fourier infrared spectrum,
gel permeation chromatography, transmission electron microscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography were
used to evaluate the physicochemical properties of nanostructures. Cell proliferation and cell apoptosis were assessed
by MTT and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining method. The gene expression of hTERT and cyclin D1 was measured
by real-time PCR assay. A subcutaneous mouse T47D xenograft model was established to evaluate the in vivo efficiency.

Results:

When the ratio of MPEG-PCL was 1:1.7, the highest drug loading rate and encapsulation efficiency of CHR
(11.31±0.37) and MET (12.22±0.44) were observed. Uniform MPEG-PCL micelles of 51.70±1.91 nm allowed MET to
incorporate with CHR, which were co-delivered to breast cancer cells. We demonstrated that CHR/MET co-delivery
micelles showed a good synergistic effect on inhibiting proliferation in T47D cells (combination index=0.87) by suppressing
hTERT and cyclin D1 gene expression. Compared to the free CHR/MET group, the apoptosis rate on T47D
cells by CHR/MET nano-micelles significantly improved from 71.33% to 79.25%. The tumour volume and tumour
weight of the CHR/MET group increased more slowly than that of the single-drug treatment group (P<0.05). Compared
to the CHR/MET group, the tumour volume and tumour weight of the CHR/MET nano-micelle group decreased
by 42% and 59%, respectively.

Conclusions:

We demonstrated that ratiometric CHR/MET micelles could provide an effective technique for the treatment
of breast cancer.
Non-Covalent Interaction Between Ionic Liquid (1-ethyl- 3-methylimidazolium Chloride-aluminum Chloride) and Pure Alcohols
Authors: Das Samir , Karmakar Paramita , Ekka Deepak , Deenadayalu Nirmala , Roy Mahendra Nath
Published: June 2021

Background:

The non-covalent molecular interactions of 1-Ethyl-3-
methylimidazolium chloride-aluminum chloride and pure alcohols are attracting attention in
the industry, academic and research. Chemists, engineers, designers, and some researchers
are interested in accessing trustworthy databases.

Objective:

1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride-aluminum chloride interacts with pure alcohols
with non-covalent interactions. Physicochemical properties with their convincing data
interpret the interactions occurring there.

Mehtods:

For that limiting apparent molar volume, molar refraction, and limiting apparent
molar isentropic compressibility of the binary systems viz., ([EMIm]Cl/AlCl3) +methanol,
([EMIm]Cl/AlCl3) +ethanol, ([EMIm]Cl/AlCl3) +1-propanol, and ([EMIm]Cl/AlCl3)+
1-butanol have been calculated using physicochemical properties i.e.,. density, refractive
index, and speed of sound, respectively within the temperature range T=293.15K-318.15K
(with the interval of 5K).

Results:

The ionic liquid strongly interacts with 1-butanol (106⋅φov
=874.52 m3 mol-1, 106·RM
= 211.13 m3 mol-1, and 10-11·φok= -0.10 m3 mol-1 Pa-1, 108· (∂φoE/∂T)P = 1.52 m3 mol-1 K-2)
than other chosen primary alcohol at a higher temperature (318.15K). Among the
individual ions, the 106·φov(ion) is higher for ALCI4-(522.96 m3 mol-1) than [EMIm]+
(351.56 m3 mol-1) at high temperature (318.15K) in 1-butanol.

Conclusion:

The molecular interactions occurring between the ionic liquid and solvent
molecules are due to the structure-making capacity caused by intermolecular forces and
non-covalent interactions. Where the 1-butanol strongly interacts with ionic liquids. In between
the ions, the anaion interaction is greater than cation to solvents.
Microwave-assisted Organic Synthesis in Water
Authors: Geetanjali  , Singh Ram
Published: June 2021

Most of the traditional methods for organic synthesis have been associated with environmental
concern. The transition from traditional to modern methods of synthesis is mainly based on
principles of green chemistry to achieve better sustainability by reducing the negative impact on
the environment and health. It has been found that the use of microwaves as an energy source in organic
synthesis has a great advantage over conventional heating. Microwave-assisted reactions are
energy efficient and hence, are being considered in the preview of the green chemistry principles.
The use of safer solvents is another important principle of green chemistry. The use of water as a
solvent in organic synthesis has great benefits over the use of hazardous organic solvents in terms
of environment and safety. This compilation will cover the use of both microwave and water simultaneously
in organic reactions.
Evaluation of Chemical Properties of Cold Pressed Ficus Carica Seed Oil
Authors: Ayyildiz Hamide Filiz
Published: June 2021

Free fatty acid, peroxide value , conjugated diene and triene, chlorophyll, β-carotene, fatty acid composition, triglyceride, tocol (tocopherol and tocotrienol) compositions, sterol, wax and total polymeric compound amounts of cold pressed Ficus carica seed oil were evaluated by using chromatographic and spectrometric methods in this study. While the % free fatty acid of cold pressed ficus carica seed oil was 0.76±0.06, the peroxide value was found as 1.06 ± 0.09 meqO2/kg. It also had low content of conjugated diene and triene amounts, chlorophyll, wax and total polymeric compounds. The obtained results demonstrated that cold pressed ficus carica seed oil had rich linolenic and linoleic acid, and contained high amounts of Linoleic- Linolenic- Linolenic, Linolenic- Linolenic- Linolenic, Olenic- Linoleic– Linolenictriglycerides. Cold pressed ficus carica had a high content of β-carotene (4114.9 ppm), total tocol (1006 ppm) and sterol (7250.83 ppm). The obtained results showed that ficus carica seed oil is a product with superior properties due to its high nutritional value and beneficial phytochemicals. Therefore this oil can be an alternative to vegetable oils and used as a medical product.
Highly Selective Purification of Grewia asiatica Anthocyanin Based on Macroporous Resins
Authors: Talpur Marvi Kanwal
Published: June 2021

In the present study, enactments and separation characteristics of five extensively utilized adsorbents for enhancement and purification of Grewia asiatica Anthocyanins (ACNs) extracts were analysed. Among five tested resins (AB-8, Sepabeads Sp-700, C18SPE Cartridge, Sepabeads Sp-207 and AB-80), AB-8 resin exhibited the best adsorbent ability for Grewia asiatica ACNs (84.24mg/mL resin). Results of static adsorption tests revealed that AB-8 resin selected for kinetics and isotherm experiments followed a pseudo 2nd order model along with Langmuir isotherm. In order to improve operational procedure, dynamic adsorption and desorption tests were done on a packed column of AB-8 resin. Optimum factors for subsequent adsorption-desorption experiments; processing volume 20ml, flow rate 2 mL/min with elution solvent of acidified methanol (1%v/v) were used. HPLC and LC-MS/MS profiles of the purified extract confirmed seven ACNs in Grewia asiatica samples, out of which cyanidin-3-O-(6"acetylglucoside) comprises 44-63% (695 μg/g) of total ACNs composition. Moreover, pigment purification using AB-8 resin did not alter ACNs mixture composition after purification but enhance the peak intensity and gives effective purification. Hence present work reveals that the separation procedure established through column chromatography providing an effective methodology to enhance the purification of ACNs from Grewia asiatica.
Effect of Titania (TiO2) Nanoparticles on the Growth of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) Under Differing Soil Conditions
Authors: Rizwan Saman
Published: June 2021

Nanotechnology has widely been used in a variety of fields including agriculture, since the last few decades. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect on the growth of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) under exposure of 0, 100, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500 mg TiO2 nanoparticles (TNPs) kg-1 of soil. TNPs in anatase form with a size of 74 nm, complex and spherical in shape were synthesized. Two different soils 1) Loamy Soil and 2) Sandy Soil were used under low pH (about 6.5) and high (original) pH of the soils. The effects of TNPs were investigated on plant lengths, total fresh and dry biomass. The plants were exposed to TNPs for about 3 months. It was observed that TNPs had a generally negative impact on the length of plants grown in sandy soil (both low and original pH) and loamy soil with low pH. The measurements of samples with the original pH of loamy soil showed a positive relationship with increased TNPs concentration. Overall the dry biomass of plants grew in (both low and original pH) loamy soil and sandy soil with low pH had increased with increase in concentration of TNPs, while in sandy soil with original pH, the biomass of plants decreased with increased concentration of TNPs. Phosphorous analysis on rhizosphere soil showed correspondence with biomass results. Generally, it was observed that type of soil and pH of soil affected the growth of spinach plants under applied TNPs.
Comparison of Adsorption Models for Determining Potassium Behavior in of Some Selected Soil Series
Authors: Rizwan Nabeel
Published: June 2021

Potassium (K) availability to plants varies with the adsorption characteristics of soil, to evaluate the adsorption capacity, five soil series of different characteristics were used. K adsorption isotherms were performed by equilibrating 2.5 g soil samples with 10 levels of K (30-300 mg kg-1) as KCl in 0.01 CaCl2 solutions and shaken for 24 h at 25oC. The amount of K adsorbed ranged from 33.2 to 94.9% of added K. Freundlich model explained K adsorption behavior better than the other two equations. Higher coefficient of regression values 0.99, 0.97 and 0.96 were recorded in Sultanpur (Silt loam), Naivela (Fine sandy loam) and Bhutesar (Clay loam), respectively. The highest 1/n value 1.54 kg mg-1 and kf value 31.47 mg kg-1 of Freundlich isotherm were observed in Sultanpur (silt loam) due to high pH, high OM and high clay contents, lowest values of constants were observed in Wajan (loamy sand) with 1/n value 0.44 kg mg-1 and kf value 0.28 mg kg-1 might be due to high EC, high CaCO3 and sand contents. The K adsorption of soil varied with physico – chemical characteristics of soil, especially clay content, alkaline pH and organic matter content.
Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Sediments of the Shitalakhya River, Bangladesh
Authors: Al-Razee A N M
Published: June 2021

Sediment samples collected from the river Shitalakhya, Bangladesh, were analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) to investigate site-to-site (spatial) and seasonal (i.e., dry, premonsoon, post-monsoon) variation of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu and Zn. The mean concentrations of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu and Zn were 22.37 ± 6.09, 612.59 ± 160.08, 54.11 ± 11.21, 50.36 ± 9.40 and 103.62 ± 62.74 mg/kg in the dry, 31.58 ± 5.22, 569.71 ± 112.16, 58.35 ± 7.82, 49.93 ± 17.36 and 110.88 ± 95.83 mg/kg in the pre-monsoon and 18.09± 6.32, 567.02 ± 115.55, 50.89 ± 6.58, 39.75 ± 4.56 and 55.22 ± 11.33 mg/kg in the post-monsoon, respectively. Based on the metals’ concentrations, no considerable difference was observed among the three seasons, but the concentrations were slightly elevated in the dry and pre-monsoon compared to that in the post-monsoon with respect to site-to-site variation. Among the metals examined, concentrations of Ni and Cu were elevated because of the use of oxides of these heavy metals as catalysts in the ammonia plant. The following statistical indices i.e., Pearson correlation matrix, geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (Cf), degree of contamination (Cd), pollution load index (PLI) and ecological risk potential (RI) factors were taken into account to assess the heavy metals contamination of the sediments. According to the values of the statistical indices for Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu and Zn, it is concluded that the study area was with low contamination while concentrations of Ni and Cu were higher than the Threshold Effect Level (TEL) and Toxicity Reference Value (TRV) values suggesting unsafe to use the sediments for vegetation and other uses.
4-Aminoacetophenone Intercalated CoAl Layered Double Hydroxides: Synthesis, Characterization and Adsorptive Removal of Cd(II) ions from Water Samples
Authors: Bhatti Abdul Rafay
Published: June 2021

In the present study, CoAl-NO3 Layered Double Hydroxides (CoAl-NO3-LDH) was synthesized and an enolate anion of 4-Aminoacetophenone (AAP) was intercalated into LDH following the reconstruction approach. The CoAl-NO3-LDH and CoAl-AAP-LDH were characterized by Fourier-Transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses. CoAl-AAP-LDH worked well for adsorption of Cd(II) ions from aqueous samples at optimum pH 7, adsorbent dosage 25 mg, concentration of Cd(II) ions 25 mg L-1 and shaking time 20 min at 25 °C. Different isotherms such as Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms fitted well to adsorption data with correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.998, 0.982 and 0.992, respectively. Monolayered (Qm) and multi-layered (KF) capacities of CoAl-AAP-LDH for adsorption of Cd(II) ions were calculated and found to be 34.40 and 19.44 mg g-1, respectively. Sorption energy was calculated and found to be 9.13 kJ mol-1, indicating chemisorption or ion exchange sorption mechanism. The method worked well for the adsorption of Cd(II) ions from wastewater samples.
Consumer Expenditure Survey Methods Symposium and Microdata Users’ Workshop, July 21–24, 2020
Authors: Paulin Geoffrey , Krishnamurty Parvati
Published: June 2021

The Consumer Expenditure Surveys (CE) program collects expenditure, demographic, and income data from families and households. The CE program held its annual Survey Methods Symposium and Microdata Users’ Workshop from July 21 to 24, 2020, to address CE-related topics in survey methods research, to provide free training in the structure and uses of the CE microdata, and to explore possibilities for collaboration. Economists from the CE program, staff from other U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics offices, and research experts in a variety of fields—including academia, government, and private industry—gathered virtually to explore better ways to collect CE data and to learn how to use the microdata once they are produced. The experience was unique for presenters and attendees alike in that this was the first time either event was held online, in whole or in part.
Virtual Engagement in a Social Media Community of Mothers With Substance Use Disorders: Content Analysis
Authors: Mazel Shayna , Zisman-Ilani Yaara , Hennig Shannon , Garnick Deborah , Nicholson Joanne
Published: June 2021

Background

Co-occurring substance use disorder is common among pregnant and parenting women with mental illness, but their engagement with and utilization of relevant services and treatment is low. Social media has the potential to convey benefits and facilitate engagement among this target group.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the reach and engagement of specific social media posts among pregnant women and mothers with substance use disorders.

Methods

Eighteen posts providing content related to substance use (cannabis, opioids, or alcohol), varying in type of content (informational or experiential) and target (policy-, practice-, or perception-related), were posted in a closed Facebook community page comprising over 33,000 pregnant women and mothers between May 2019 and October 2019.

Results

The overall level of reach of these Facebook posts ranged from 453 to 3045 community members. Engagement levels, measured via the number of likes, comments, or posts shared, varied based on the type of post content (ie, informational or experiential).

Conclusions

Participation in a virtual community via social media platforms can facilitate engagement among pregnant women and mothers with mental illness by communicating relevant information about substance use, as well as potentially promoting awareness of, access to, and engagement with treatment services.
Association of Habitual Physical Activity With Home Blood Pressure in the Electronic Framingham Heart Study (eFHS): Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sardana Mayank , Lin Honghuang , Zhang Yuankai , Liu Chunyu , Trinquart Ludovic , Benjamin Emelia J , Manders Emily S , Fusco Kelsey , Kornej Jelena , Hammond Michael M , Spartano Nicole , Pathiravasan Chathurangi H , Kheterpal Vik , Nowak Christopher , Borrelli Belinda , Murabito Joanne M , McManus David D
Published: June 2021

Background

When studied in community-based samples, the association of physical activity with blood pressure (BP) remains controversial and is perhaps dependent on the intensity of physical activity. Prior studies have not explored the association of smartwatch-measured physical activity with home BP.

Objective

We aimed to study the association of habitual physical activity with home BP.

Methods

Consenting electronic Framingham Heart Study (eFHS) participants were provided with a study smartwatch (Apple Watch Series 0) and Bluetooth-enabled home BP cuff. Participants were instructed to wear the watch daily and transmit BP values weekly. We measured habitual physical activity as the average daily step count determined by the smartwatch. We estimated the cross-sectional association between physical activity and average home BP using linear mixed effects models adjusting for age, sex, wear time, antihypertensive drug use, and familial structure.

Results

We studied 660 eFHS participants (mean age 53 years, SD 9 years; 387 [58.6%] women; 602 [91.2%] White) who wore the smartwatch 5 or more hours per day for 30 or more days and transmitted three or more BP readings. The mean daily step count was 7595 (SD 2718). The mean home systolic and diastolic BP (mmHg) were 122 (SD 12) and 76 (SD 8). Every 1000 increase in the step count was associated with a 0.49 mmHg lower home systolic BP (P=.004) and 0.36 mmHg lower home diastolic BP (P=.003). The association, however, was attenuated and became statistically nonsignificant with further adjustment for BMI.

Conclusions

In this community-based sample of adults, higher daily habitual physical activity measured by a smartwatch was associated with a moderate, but statistically significant, reduction in home BP. Differences in BMI among study participants accounted for the majority of the observed association.
Design and Implementation of a Real-time Monitoring Platform for Optimal Sepsis Care in an Emergency Department: Observational Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Andy Hung-Yi , Aaronson Emily , Hibbert Kathryn A , Flynn Micah H , Rutkey Hayley , Mort Elizabeth , Sonis Jonathan D , Safavi Kyan C
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Sepsis is the leading cause of death in US hospitals. Compliance with bundled care, specifically serial lactates, blood cultures, and antibiotics, improves outcomes but is often delayed or missed altogether in a busy practice environment.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to design, implement, and validate a novel monitoring and alerting platform that provides real-time feedback to frontline emergency department (ED) providers regarding adherence to bundled care.

METHODS

This single-center, prospective, observational study was conducted in three phases: the design and technical development phase to build an initial version of the platform; the pilot phase to test and refine the platform in the clinical setting; and the postpilot rollout phase to fully implement the study intervention.

RESULTS

During the design and technical development, study team members and stakeholders identified the criteria for patient inclusion, selected bundle measures from the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Sepsis Core Measure for alerting, and defined alert thresholds, message content, delivery mechanisms, and recipients. Additional refinements were made based on 70 provider survey results during the pilot phase, including removing alerts for vasopressor initiation and modifying text in the pages to facilitate patient identification. During the 48 days of the postpilot rollout phase, 15,770 ED encounters were tracked and 711 patient encounters were included in the active monitoring cohort. In total, 634 pages were sent at a rate of 0.98 per attending physician shift. Overall, 38.3% (272/711) patients had at least one page. The missing bundle elements that triggered alerts included: antibiotics 41.6% (136/327), repeat lactate 32.4% (106/327), blood cultures 20.8% (68/327), and initial lactate 5.2% (17/327). Of the missing Sepsis Core Measures elements for which a page was sent, 38.2% (125/327) were successfully completed on time.

CONCLUSIONS

A real-time sepsis care monitoring and alerting platform was created for the ED environment. The high proportion of patients with at least one alert suggested the significant potential for such a platform to improve care, whereas the overall number of alerts per clinician suggested a low risk of alarm fatigue. The study intervention warrants a more rigorous evaluation to ensure that the added alerts lead to better outcomes for patients with sepsis.
A Nationwide Evaluation of the Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus in Brazil (POP-Brazil Study): Protocol for Data Quality Assurance and Control (Preprint)
Authors: Horvath Jaqueline Driemeyer Correia , Bessel Marina , Kops Natália Luiza , Souza Flávia Moreno Alves , Pereira Gerson Mendes , Wendland Eliana Marcia
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

The credibility of a study and its internal and external validity depend crucially on the quality of the data produced. An in-depth knowledge of quality control processes is essential as large and integrative epidemiological studies are increasingly prioritized.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to describe the stages of quality control in the POP-Brazil study and to present an analysis of the quality indicators.

METHODS

Quality assurance and control were initiated with the planning of this nationwide, multicentric study and continued through the development of the project. All quality control protocol strategies, such as training, protocol implementation, audits, and inspection, were discussed one by one. We highlight the importance of conducting a pilot study that provides the researcher the opportunity to refine or modify the research methodology and validating the results through double data entry, test-retest, and analysis of nonresponse rates.

RESULTS

This cross-sectional, nationwide, multicentric study recruited 8628 sexually active young adults (16-25 years old) in 119 public health units between September 2016 and November 2017. The Human Research Ethics Committee of the Moinhos de Vento Hospital approved this project.

CONCLUSIONS

Quality control processes are a continuum, not restricted to a single event, and are fundamental to the success of data integrity and the minimization of bias in epidemiological studies. The quality control steps described can be used as a guide to implement evidence-based, valid, reliable, and useful procedures in most observational studies to ensure data integrity.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR1-10.2196/31365
Laplacian integral graphs with a given degreee sequence constraint
Authors: Novanta Anderson Fernandes , Oliveira Carla Silva , de Lima Leonardo Silva
Published: June 2021

Let G be a graph on n vertices. The Laplacian matrix of G, denoted by L(G), is defined as L(G) = D(G) − A(G), where A(G) is the adjacency matrix of G and D(G) is the diagonal matrix of the vertex degrees of G. A graph G is said to be L-integral is all eigenvalues of the matrix L(G) are integers. In this paper, we characterize all L-integral non-bipartite graphs among all connected graphs with at most two vertices of degree larger than or equal to three.
Impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en la investigación y docencia en las nanociencias y la nanotecnología en México
Authors: Delgado Ramos Gian Carlo , Zanella Rodolfo , Cota Araiza Leonel , López Torres Rogelio
Published: June 2021

Desde que en México se comenzaron a tomar medidas ante la pandemia COVID-19 en marzo de 2020, los impactos sociales, económicos y políticos, y sus implicaciones en la investigación, desarrollo y docencia en múltiples áreas del conocimiento se han diversificado y ahondado. Las nanociencias y la nanotecnología (NyN) ciertamente no son la excepción. Este artículo presenta los principales resultados de una amplia encuesta realizada a investigadores e investigadoras del país trabajando en algún área de las NyN, la cual representa una tercera parte de dicha comunidad. Analiza las condiciones de trabajo y vida cotidiana en confinamiento, la productividad y desarrollo de proyectos de investigación, el apoyo institucional, acceso a fondos y la gestión de financiamiento, y los impactos en la titulación de personal altamente calificado y en la docencia. Se concluye que, en términos generales, el retraso en la investigación y titulación de personal altamente calificado en NyN se ubica, por lo menos, en el rango de 2 a 3 años, un retraso que puede ser una buena oportunidad para propiciar mejores prácticas de investigación, docencia, administración y gestión institucional que permitan construir una resiliencia deseable en la actividad científica-educativa del país, tanto en el ámbito de las NyN, como en otras áreas.
PROBLEMS OF DESIGNING PILE FOUNDATIONS FOR EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS ON SEDIMENTAL SOILS IN A SEISMIC REGION
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Serbin V.V. , Galay O.B. , Galay M.V. ,   LLC «GRUNT»
Published: June 2021

By the decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR in 1975in the Budennovsk city, Stavropol Territory, the construction of the world's largest Prikumsk plastics factory (now Stavrolen LLC of the PJSC LUKOIL) began. The construction and operation of the factory was complicated by collapsible loessal soils of type II soil conditions and a subsequent increase in seismicity up to 8 points. Explosive objects of the plant, without validation of a design, were first designed on driven reinforced concrete non-sulfate-resistant piles in the amount of about 20 thousand pieces. Testing of experimental piles with soaking of pits led to their failure. After that, the piles were lengthened by 3 m, their doubles were additionally hammered and the grillages were strengthened. Long-term trouble-free operation of the plant has shown the reliability of the decisions made. The problem of seismic resistance of pile foundations in collapsible and watered loessial soils remains unresolved.
PROBLEMS OF INTRODUCING SEPARATE WASTE ACCUMULATION ON CONTAINER SITES FORRESIDENTIAL BUILDING
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, D’yachkova O. N.
Published: June 2021

Cities are growing. The ecology is deteriorating. There is a lot of waste in the cities. It is very important to collect waste separately. Who decides what's best? I think we need to change the attitude to waste. There are many different containers to be placed in waste collection areas. It's a lot of work for the city.
ECOLOGICAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR BUILDING RECONSTRUCTIONS
Authors:   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Kolpakov A.A.
Published: June 2021

The aim of the work was to analyze the impact on the environment during the reconstruction of buildings. This topic will be of interest to specialists considering the problems of reconstruction of buildings in general. The article assesses the negative impact on the environment of the reconstruction of a children's clinic in the city of Moscow, and also considers the general problems that arise during the reconstruction of buildings and underground structures.
The difference in tax evasion amount among various taxpayers’ groups in Russia
Authors:   Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Belev Sergei ,   Gaidar Institute for economic policy,   Moscow, Russian Federation, Vekerle Konstantin ,   Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration; Moscow, Russian Federation, Evdokimova Anastasiia ,   Gaidar Institute for economic policy; Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

This paper evaluates tax evasion in Russia through the estimation of individual «income‐consumption» gap. Our analysis is held on the balanced in social‐demographic characteristics subsample of the data of the RLMS of the Higher School of Economics. We reach this by using the combination of propensity score matching and exact matching. Given equal declared income consumption levels of self‐employed and worker from small companies is, on average, higher than for workers from the big ones. This leads to the conclusion that former ones evade 13–31% of their actual income. This result is heterogeneous in year. During the economic slowdown, differences in concealment of income between self‐employed and employees of small and large enterprises become insignificant.
Error analysis of undergraduate students’ writing performances: IELTS-based activities
Authors: Nartiningrum Novrika , Rayuningtya Pusfika , Virgiyanti Diska Fatima
Published: June 2021

As English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students, it is expected that they should have good ability in four skills of English, including writing skill. However, errors are still found in students’ written works. This paper examines the different types of writing errors made by 10 Indonesian undergraduate students who were enrolled in an IELTS preparation class. Descriptive qualitative research was employed in this study. The errors in the term papers were identified and classified accordingly. The students’ works were assessed based on four aspects: task achievement, cohesion and coherence, lexical resource, grammatical range, and accuracy. The result of this study showed that the highest percentage of students’ errors was in terms of lexical resource and grammatical range (accuracy), followed by three other common errors: singular or plural, word choice, and punctuation. Regarding to the task achievement, in Task 1, most of the students addressed the task but they didn't cover all the information needed. While in Task 2, some students presented clear opinions but with limited and inadequately developed ideas and gave no conclusion. Furthermore, for the results of cohesion and coherence in Task 1, most students showed good logical sequence and overall progression but with faulty cohesion devices. However in Task 2, some students presented either incoherent or illogical ideas or information. These results contribute as fruitful insights for language learners who want to enhance the IELTS comprehension, particularly writing performance.
A character building effort for students in Barokah Nandan Sukoharjo Boarding School through three success programs: Alim faqih, Akhlakul karimah and Mandiri
Authors: Alfauzi Alfian Ubaidillah , Choiriyah Siti
Published: June 2021

Most of the students in Islamic boarding schools know the knowledge but do not implement it in daily life due to a lack of akhlakul karimah awareness. Based on this, a study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of the Three Success program in building the students' characters. Three Success program is a  special program in Pondok Pesantren (Islamic Boarding School) Barokah Nandan Sukoharjo which consists of Alim Faqih, Akhlakul Karimah and Mandiri (Religious, Noble, and Independent). This research was a descriptive qualitative study. The subjects were Staff of Students Affairs, Students, and Ustadz (teachers) in the boarding school. The data collection was conducted by observation, interview, and documentation. To determine the validity of the data, the researcher used triangulation of methods and triangulation of sources. The data were analyzed using interactive data analysis with the procedure as data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The study results conclude that the implementation of the Three Success program was carried out by inviting students to participate in the activities within the program. This study contributes in overcoming the problem of students’ characters deviation in Islamic boarding school and as an effort to enrich the knowledge in the education field, especially those related to the character building of Islamic boarding school students.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DISTRIBUTION OF SUBSIDIZED SHARIA MORTGAGE OF BANK BTN SHARIAH FOR COMMUNITIES WITH LOW INCOME: A CASE STUDY IN KENDAL REGENCY
Authors: Hapsari Hening Pratika Nila , Nugroho Mahfud
Published: June 2021

This study intends to examine the procedures and mechanisms for disbursing subsidized sharia mortgage, as well as the effectiveness of subsidized mortgage distribution at BTN shariah in providing decent housing for low-income people. This study was conducted in BTN Shariah of Kendal Branch. This study used quantitative research by distributing questionnaires to 90 respondents determined through the Slovin method. To investigate the effectiveness of the distribution of subsidized mortgages, the Artificial Neuron Network (ANN) was used. The results showed that the procedures and mechanisms for disbursement of the subsidized mortgage at BTN Shariah of Kendal Branch were following the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) that had been established by BTN Shariah. However, there was a mismatch between the Regulation of the Minister of The Ministry of Public Works and Housing No. 48/PRT/M/2015 Article 20 paragraph (7) concerning the disbursement of subsidized funds. The results of the questionnaire shower 50.5% of customers chose “uncertain” on the indicator of “timeliness of subsidies disbursement” since they thought that the timing of the funds was uncertain. This statement is not in line with the regulation of the Minister for Public Works and Human Settlements that the disbursement is no later than two working days after the documents are received. Meanwhile, based on the results of calculations using the ANN, the distribution of subsidized mortgages has been effective by 0.877 or 87.7%.
THE EFFECT OF WORK-LIFE BALANCE ON INTENTION TO STAY MEDIATED BY PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT
Authors: Sofia Intan Nur , Walyoto Walyoto
Published: June 2021

This study was intended to analyze the effect of supervisor support and job autonomy on the intention to stay. This study also examines the effect of psychological empowerment on the intention to stay. The sampling method used was non- probability sampling with the samples of female nurses in all hospitals in the Sragen Regency. The analysis used the Structural Equation Model (SEM) Software using AMOS 22 to test and estimate the causal relationship of a combination of statistical data and qualitative causal assumption data. The results of the SEM analysis of 187 respondents showed that there was a significant effect of psychological empowerment on supervisor support and intention to stay. However, psychological empowerment cannot bridge the effect of job autonomy and the intention to stay. Furthermore, this study also shows that variable of the supervisor support is the most significant variable in affecting psychological empowerment compared to job autonomy. Thus, the best strategy in increasing the desire of employees to stay in the company is to increase supervisor support and psychological empowerment.
COVID-19-vaccination in patients receiving allergen immunotherapy (AIT) or biologics - EAACI recommendations
Authors: Jutel Marek , Torres María José , Palomares Oscar , Akdis Cezmi , Eiwegger Thomas , Untersmayr Eva , Hernández Domingo Barber , Zemelka-Wiacek Magdalena , Kosowska Anna , Palmer Elizabeth , Vieths Stefan , Mahler Vera , Canonica Giorgio Walter , Nadeau Kari , Shamji Mohamed , Agache Ioana , Akdis Mubeccel , Khaitov Musa , Alvarez-Perea Alberto , Alvaro Montserrat , Atanasković-Marković Marina , Backer Vibeke , BARBAUD Annick , Bavbek Sevim , Blay Frédéric De , Bonini Matteo , Bonini Sergio , Boven Job van , Brockow Knut , Cazzola Mario , Chatzipetrou Alexia , Chivato T. , Cianferoni A. , Corren Jonathan , Caubet Jean-Christoph , DunnGalvin Audrey , Ebisawa Motohiro , Firinu Davide , Gawlik Radoslaw , Gelincik Asli , Giacco Stefano Del , Mortz Charlotte , Hoffmann H.J. , Hoffmann-Sommergruber Karin , Klimek Ludger , Lauerma Antti , Llano Luis Perez de , Matucci Andrea , Meyer Rosan , Moreira André , Morita Hideaki , Patil Sarita , Pfaar Oliver , Popescu Florin-Dan , POZO VICTORIA DEL , Price Oliver , Ree Ronald van , Fernandez-Rivas Montserrat , Rogala Barbara , Romano Antonino , Santos Alexandra , Sediva Anna , Skypala Isabel , Smolinska Sylwia , Sokolowska Milena , Sturm Gunter , Vultaggio Alessandra , Walusiak-Skorupa Jolanta , Worm Margitta
Published: June 2021

Immune modulation is a key therapeutic tool for allergic diseases and
asthma. It can be achieved in an antigen-specific way via allergen
immunotherapy (AIT) or in endotype-driven approach using biologicals
that target the major pathways of the type 2 (T2) immune response: IgE,
IL-5 and IL-4/IL-13. COVID-19 vaccine provides an excellent opportunity
to tackle the global pandemics and is currently being applied in an
accelerated rhythm worldwide. It works as well through immune
modulation. Thus, as there is an obvious interference between these
treatment modalities recommendations on how they should be applied in
sequence are expected. The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical
Immunology (EAACI) gathered an outstanding expert panel under its
Research and Outreach Committee (ROC). This expert panel was called to
evaluate the evidence and formulate recommendation on the administration
of COVID-19 vaccine in patients with allergic diseases and asthma
receiving AIT or biologicals. The panel also formulated recommendations
for COVID-19 vaccine in association with biologicals targeting the type
1 or type 3 immune response. In formulating recommendations, the panel
evaluated the mechanisms of COVID-19 infection, of COVID-19 vaccine, of
AIT and of biologicals and considered the data published for other
anti-infectious vaccines administered concurrently with AIT or
biologicals.
Remember or not? For how long can a clonal plant remember drought stress?
Authors: Quan Jiaxin , Münzbergová Zuzana , Latzel Vit
Published: June 2021

Stress can be remembered by plants in a form of ‘stress memory’ that can
alter future phenotypes of previously stressed plants and even
phenotypes of their offspring. It was shown that DNA methylation is
among the mechanisms mediating the memory. It is not known for how long
the memory is kept by plants. If the memory is long lasting, it can
become maladaptive in situations when parental-offspring environment
differ. We investigated for how long can a parental plant “remember”
that it experienced a stress and pass the memory to its clonal
offspring. We grew parental plants of three genotypes of Trifolium
repens for five months either in control conditions or in control
conditions that were interrupted with drought pulses applied for two
months in four different time-slots. We also treated half of the
parental plants with 5-azacytidine (5-azaC) to test for the potential
role of DNA methylation in the stress memory. Then, we transplanted
parental cuttings (ramets) individually to control environment and
allowed them to produce offspring ramets for two months. The drought
stress experienced by parents affected phenotypes of offspring ramets.
Such a memory resulted in enhanced number of offspring side branches
originating from plants that experienced drought stress maximally 6
weeks before their transplantation to control environment. We did not
find any transgenerational memory in offspring of plants that
experienced drought stress later than 6 weeks before their
transplantation. 5-azaC also reduced the effect of transgenerational
memory on offspring ramets. We confirmed that drought stress can trigger
transgenerational memory in T. repens that is very likely mediated by
DNA methylation. Most importantly, the memory was time limited and was
gradually erased. We conclude that the time limited memory on
environmental stress can be adaptive as climate tends to be variable and
parental-offspring environmental conditions often do not match.
Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss in a post COVID-19 patient
Authors: Pokharel Santoshi , Tamang Sumita , Pokharel Shankar , Mahaseth Rajeev
Published: June 2021

We recommend carrying out a detailed history and evaluation for recent
or past COVID-19 infection in patients presenting with Sudden
Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSNHL) since SSNHL could be a sequelae of
COVID-19 as in our case and timely diagnosis and intervention could
significantly improve hearing and quality of life.
Habitat heterogeneity affects the thermal ecology of an endangered lizard
Authors: Gaudenti Nicole , Nix Emmeleia , Maier Paul , Westphal Michael , Taylor Emily
Published: June 2021

Global climate change is already contributing to the extirpation of
numerous species worldwide, and sensitive species will continue to face
challenges associated with rising temperatures throughout this century
and beyond. It is especially important to evaluate the thermal ecology
of endangered ectotherm species now so that mitigation measures can be
taken as early as possible. A recent study of the thermal ecology of the
federally endangered Blunt-Nosed Leopard Lizard (Gambelia sila)
suggested that they face major activity restrictions due to thermal
constraints in their desert habitat, but that large shade-providing
shrubs act as thermal buffers to allow them to maintain surface activity
without overheating. We replicated this study and also included a
population of G. sila with no access to large shrubs to facilitate
comparison of the thermal ecology of G. sila in shrubless and shrubbed
populations. We found that G. sila without access to shrubs spent more
time sheltering inside rodent burrows than lizards with access to
shrubs, especially during the hot summer months. Lizards from a shrubbed
population had higher midday body temperatures and therefore poorer
thermoregulatory accuracy than G. sila from a shrubless population,
suggesting that greater surface activity may represent a
thermoregulatory tradeoff for G. sila. Lizards at both sites are
currently constrained from using open, sunny microhabitats for much of
the day during their short active seasons, and our projections suggest
that climate change will exacerbate these restrictions and force G. sila
to use rodent burrows for shelter even more than they do now, especially
at sites without access to shrubs. The continued management of shrubs
and of burrowing rodents at G. sila sites is therefore essential to the
survival of this endangered species.
Quantitative Risk assessment of product disulfide bond reduction in a recombinant protein manufacturing
Authors: cui Yi Qing , meng rujie , Li yutong
Published: June 2021

Disulfide bond reduction occurred now and then during a recombinant
protein manufacturing. Their reduction often led in the loss of batches.
Various prevention measures were developed. Their implementation in a
manufacturing inevitably increases its operation complexity and even
might impact its product qualities and process performances. It is
highly desirable to apply a reduction measure only if necessary and to
apply no strong measure if a moderate one works. The reduction
occurrence is determined both by the reduction sensitivity of a
recombinant molecule and by the reduction power of harvested cell
culture fluids. The reduction power of harvested cell culture fluids
varies largely and depends on cells, lysis level, growth stage, and
culture conditions. The method of the quantitative risk assessment of
disulfide bond reduction was reported here. The quantitative assessment
is realized by comparing the reduction sensitivity of a recombinant
molecule with the reduction power of its harvested cell culture fluid.
Early intervention and prevention of allergic diseases
Authors: H.A. Brough , Lanser Bruce , Sindher Sayantani , Teng Joyce , Leung Donald , Venter Carina , S.M. Chan , Santos Alexandra , Bahnson Henry , E. Guttman-Yassky , Gupta Ruchi , Lack Gideon , C. Ciaccio , Sampath Vanitha , Nadeau Kari , Nagler Cathryn
Published: June 2021

Food Allergy (FA) is now one of the most common chronic diseases of
childhood often lasting throughout life and leading to significant
worldwide healthcare burden. The precise mechanisms responsible for the
development of this inflammatory condition are largely unknown; however,
a multifactorial aetiology involving both environmental and genetic
contributions is well accepted. A precise understanding of the
pathogenesis of FA is an essential first step to developing
comprehensive prevention strategies that could mitigate this epidemic.
As it is frequently preceded by atopic dermatitis and can be prevented
by early antigen introduction, the development of FA is likely
facilitated by the improper initial presentation of antigen to the
developing immune system. Primary oral exposure of antigens allowing for
presentation via a well-developed mucosal immune system, rather than
through a disrupted skin epidermal barrier, is essential to prevent FA.
In this review, we present the data supporting the necessity of 1) an
intact epidermal barrier to prevent epicutaneous antigen presentation,
2) the presence of specific commensal bacteria to maintain an intact
mucosal immune system and 3) maternal/infant diet diversity, including
vitamins and minerals, and appropriately timed allergenic food
introduction to prevent FA.