bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La emigración cubana hacia los Estados Unidos, Parte 1, de 1860 a 1989: Un análisis estadístico y comparativo
Authors: Lamrani Salim
Published: December 2021

En los Estados Unidos en particular, pero también en los países occidentales, desde 1959 la emigración cubana es objeto de dos consensos. Primero, la Revolución cubana habría ocasionado un importante movimiento migratorio hacia los Estados Unidos. Luego, éste sería el reflejo del rechazo del proceso de transformación social estructurado en torno a un sistema político con partido único elaborado por Fidel Castro. Las estadísticas migratorias de las autoridades estadounidenses disponibles para el período que va de 1860 a 2019, permitirán arrojar una luz sobre esta cuestión al comparar los distintos flujos procedentes de Cuba en diferentes épocas (1860-1959, 1960-1989, 1990-2019). Del mismo modo, un análisis comparativo de las corrientes migratorias emitidas por los países de la región evaluará la pertinencia de estas dos hipótesis.
Regulatory Rollbacks in the Amazon Rainforest: A Nuanced Look into the Effects of Environmental Victimization
Authors: Saad-Diniz Eduardo , Gianecchini João Victor
Published: December 2021

Since the beginning of Jair Bolsonaro's presidential mandate, existing Brazilian environmental regulations started being rolled back to benefit a small, but powerful, Brazilian bourgeoise, the so-called “Brazilian agribusiness.” The process of deregulation in Brazil (regulatory rollback) is responsible for significant environmental and social harm, which affects largely marginalized peoples and indigenous communities in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. It is also responsible for operating, and maintaining, dynamics of social inclusion and exclusion which are deepening the democratic deficit in Brazil, which is here denominated as the “mechanisms of environmental victimization.” To demonstrate the Brazilian regulatory rollback the authors analyse legislative and regulatory amendments since the beginning of Jair Bolsonaro's mandate. Through this analysis, the authors seek to demonstrate how the symbiosis between state and corporate interests can promote significant social and environmental victimization.
The Frontline as Performative Frame: An Analysis of the UK COVID Crisis
Authors: Farris Sara , Yuval-Davis Nira , Rottenberg Catherine
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we examine the multiple significations of the “frontline” metaphor in the UK during the first ten months of COVID-19. We argue that the term “frontline” has operated as a performative frame, which has helped toproducethe very notion and the materialization of the “COVID-19 frontline” and keyworkers. Showing how the UK government has repeatedly cited this metaphor, we outline the contradictory effects it has generated through an interplay of hyper-visibility and opaqueness. The frontline metaphor has been used to justify the government's injection of massive amounts of public money into the economy, render hyper-visible workers who had previously been invisible, whilst generating a sense of civic responsibility. Simultaneously, however, the metaphor has created a smokescreen for corrupt practices, deflecting attention away from resource-starved health and social care infrastructures and intensifying forms of “everyday bordering” and “everyday racism” that deepen structural injustices in the UK.
Edge-based modulation transfer function measurement method using a variable oversampling ratio: erratum
Authors: Masaoka Kenichiro
Published: December 2021

This erratum corrects an error in Fig. 4 and its description in my published paper [Opt. Express 29, 37628 (2021)10.1364/OE.435981].
Prevalence and factors for food allergy in different populations from different regions: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Feng Hua , Xiong Xiujuan , Chen Zhuo , Xu Qunying , Zhang Zhongwei , Feng Jiangao , Wu Yongning
Published: December 2021

Background

To determine the prevalence of food allergy (FA) and factors associated with these occurrences in different populations from different regions.

Materials and methods

The literature search will be conducted via Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Vip and Wanfang databases. Ratio rate (RR), odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) will be adopted to evaluate prevalence and factors for FA in different populations from different regions. When the heterogeneity is small (I2<50%), the fixed effect model will be analyzed, otherwise, random effects model analysis will be performed. When the heterogeneity is large (I2≥50%), Meta regression will be used to explore the sources of inter-study heterogeneity. When the heterogeneity is large (I2≥50%) and the results are statistically significant (P<0.05), subgroup analysis will be analyzed based on age, gender, race/region, literature quality and other factors. Funnel plots will be used to reflect reporting bias and the Begg’s test will be used to test the symmetry of the funnel plots. When publication bias occurs, “cut-and-fill” method will be adopted to adjust publication bias. And sensitivity analysis will be performed for all outcome indicators.

Discussion

This meta-analysis will evaluate the prevalence of FA and factors associated with these occurrences in different populations from different regions on the basis of existing evidences. Our study may be crucial to analyze similarities and differences regarding FA between different individuals from diverse regions and eventually define preventive or diagnostic approaches specifically tailored to certain populations and regions.

Systematic review registration

OSF registration number: 10.17605/OSF.IO/VQXU9
Structural systems pharmacology: A framework for integrating metabolic network and structure-based virtual screening for drug discovery against bacteria
Authors: Nazarshodeh Elmira , Marashi Sayed-Amir , Gharaghani Sajjad
Published: December 2021

Advances in genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) and computational drug discovery have caused the identification of drug targets at the system-level and inhibitors to combat bacterial infection and drug resistance. Here we report a structural systems pharmacology framework that integrates the GEM and structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) method to identify drugs effective for Escherichia coli infection. The most complete genome-scale metabolic reconstruction integrated with protein structures (GEM-PRO) of E. coli, iML1515_GP, and FDA-approved drugs have been used. FBA was performed to predict drug targets in silico. The 195 essential genes were predicted in the rich medium. The subsystems in which a significant number of these genes are involved are cofactor, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis that are necessary for cell growth. Therefore, some proteins encoded by these genes are responsible for the biosynthesis and transport of LPS which is the first line of defense against threats. So, these proteins can be potential drug targets. The enzymes with experimental structure and cognate ligands were selected as final drug targets for performing the SBVS method. Finally, we have suggested those drugs that have good interaction with the selected proteins as drug repositioning cases. Also, the suggested molecules could be promising lead compounds. This framework may be helpful to fill the gap between genomics and drug discovery. Results show this framework suggests novel antibacterials that can be subjected to experimental testing soon and it can be suitable for other pathogens.
Long-term characteristics of exudative age-related macular degeneration in Japanese patients
Authors: Saito Masaaki , Iida Tomohiro , Saito Kuniharu , Kano Mariko , Itagaki Kanako , Maruko Ichiro , Sekiryu Tetsuju
Published: December 2021

Purpose

The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in Japanese patients over a 10-year period and to compare the past our report.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 1,600 treatment-naïve patients (1,777 eyes) with exudative AMD. The 10 years were divided into 2-year phases I to V.

Results

Of the 1,600 patients, 720 (45.0%), 733 (45.8%), 98 (6.1%), and 49 (3.1%) were diagnosed with typical AMD, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), retinal angiomatous proliferation, and combined subtypes, respectively. The prevalence of PCV decreased from 54.7% in phase I to 46.0% at phase V. Of the 1,777 eyes, the mean baseline logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution best-corrected visual acuities (BCVAs) in phases I, II, III, IV, and V were 0.70, 0.66, 0.55, 0.50, and 0.48, respectively. Phases III, IV, and V had significantly (P = 0.0012, P<0.0001, P<0.0001, respectively) better baseline VAs compared with phase I. The mean lesion sizes in phases I, II, III, IV, and V were 8.6, 6.7, 5.3, 5.7, and 5.7 Macular Photocoagulation Study disc areas, respectively. The sizes were significantly (P<0.0001 for all comparisons) smaller in phases III, IV, and V compared with phase I.

Conclusions

Although the prevalence of PCV decreased from 54.7% in phase I to 46.0% at phase V, PCV has nevertheless been highly prevalent in Japanese patients with AMD compared with Caucasian patients. The annual better baseline VAs and smaller lesion sizes over time might be related to development of treatment and better concerns about AMD.
Imputing pre-diagnosis health behaviour in cancer registry data and investigating its relationship with oesophageal cancer survival time
Authors: Fahey Paul P. , Page Andrew , Astell-Burt Thomas , Stone Glenn
Published: December 2021

Background

As oesophageal cancer has short survival, it is likely pre-diagnosis health behaviours will have carry-over effects on post-diagnosis survival times. Cancer registry data sets do not usually contain pre-diagnosis health behaviours and so need to be augmented with data from external health surveys. A new algorithm is introduced and tested to augment cancer registries with external data when one-to-one data linkage is not available.

Methods

The algorithm is to use external health survey data to impute pre-diagnosis health behaviour for cancer patients, estimate misclassification errors in these imputed values and then fit misclassification corrected Cox regression to quantify the association between pre-diagnosis health behaviour and post-diagnosis survival. Data from US cancer registries and a US national health survey are used in testing the algorithm.

Results

It is demonstrated that the algorithm works effectively on simulated smoking data when there is no age confounding. But age confounding does exist (risk of death increases with age and most health behaviours change with age) and interferes with the performance of the algorithm. The estimate of the hazard ratio (HR) of pre-diagnosis smoking was HR = 1.32 (95% CI 0.82,2.68) with HR = 1.93 (95% CI 1.08,7.07) in the squamous cell sub-group and pre-diagnosis physical activity was protective of survival with HR = 0.25 (95% CI 0.03, 0.81). But the method failed for less common behaviours (such as heavy drinking).

Conclusions

Further improvements in the I2C2 algorithm will permit enrichment of cancer registry data through imputation of new variables with negligible risk to patient confidentiality, opening new research opportunities in cancer epidemiology.
Covid-19: uma pandemia que reconfigura o jornalismo?
Authors: Lopes Felisbela , Santos Clara Almeida , Peixinho Ana Teresa , Magalhães Olga Estrela , Araújo Rita
Published: December 2021

O vírus SARS-CoV-2 foi detetado pela primeira vez em Portugal a 2 de março de 2020. De 18 de março a 2 de maio, o país viveu em confinamento, sob estado de emergência, sempre reportado pelos media noticiosos, que assumiram claramente uma orientação dos cidadãos, procurando constituir-se como uma frente de combate à pandemia. A velocidade do vírus intensifica-se, a noticiabilidade diminui, mas o jornalismo vai sempre dando destaque à Covid-19. A cobertura noticiosa da pandemia provocada pelo SARS-CoV 2 foi ocasião para alguns sinais de mudança no jornalismo? Esta é a pergunta que conduzirá um inquérito feito à classe jornalística e uma análise à imprensa diária, que envolveu o estudo de 2933 textos noticiosos e 6350 fontes de informação. Os resultados dessa investigação salientam mudanças que levam a pensar numa alteração substancial dos processos de seleção das fontes de informação, o que pode contribuir para um reajustamento do espaço público jornalístico.
Mundo do jornalismo e história do tempo presente
Authors: Barbosa Marialva
Published: December 2021

O artigo faz uma síntese das transformações do jornalismo brasileiro, nos anos 1980, priorizando as mudanças que afetaram diretamente as práticas profissionais dos jornalistas. O objetivo é caracterizar essas transformações, correlacionando o contexto histórico com o das mutações do fazer jornalístico, exercitando opções metodológicas para a construção de uma história do jornalismo do tempo presente. Discute-se também a questão do anacronismo, central para quem realiza interpretações históricas, e analisa-se o projeto de modernização do jornal Folha de S.Paulo, implantado na década e exportado como modelo para jornais de todas as regiões do país.
Uma história feita a manu militari?
Authors: Meditsch Eduardo
Published: December 2021

Este artigo parte da constatação da falta de reflexão sobre a história da área acadêmica para discutir o contexto em que se desenvolve o campo da Comunicação na América Latina. Registra a instrumentalização política da mídia na Guerra Fria a partir da Sociedade Interamericana de Imprensa, ao mesmo tempo em que é forjada a Mass Communications Research nos Estados Unidos como instrumento de guerra psicológica. Aponta inconsistências na história dominante a respeito dos forefathers da disciplina. Observa a articulação do Ciespal com os golpes militares dos anos 1960 no continente. A partir dessas constatações, propõe que apenas uma história social do conhecimento pode oferecer estrutura conceitual e lastro histórico a quem queira compreender o percurso de institucionalização do campo.
Sociodemographic, income, and environmental characteristics of individuals displaying animal and object hoarding behavior in a major city in South Brazil: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Cunha Graziela Ribeiro da , Martins Camila Marinelli , Pellizzaro Maysa , Pettan-Brewer Christina , Biondo Alexander Welker
Published: December 2021

Background and Aim: Hoarding cases have not been researched in depth in developing countries, such as Brazil. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of people with hoarding behavior in Curitiba, Brazil.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted based on complaints about hoarding situations received by the City Hall. The data on sociodemographic, income, and environmental characteristics of individuals displaying animal and object hoarding behavior were obtained and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple correspondence analyses.

Results: Out of the 113 hoarding cases reported, 69 (61.06%) were fully assessed. Most of the participants (43; 62.32%) were women, and it was observed that most of the animal hoarding cases were women (p=0.02). The average age was 62.47 years old, and most of them (44; 63.76%) had studied up to the middle school level. People associated with object hoarding belonged to the lower income category (p=0.031). In most cases, the homes had an unpleasant odor (45; 65.21%), and this was prevalent in cases involving women (p=0.004) and animals (p=0.001). The risk of fire (24 [34.78%]) and landslip (9 [13.04%]) was more frequent in the case of object hoarding (p=0.018 and 0.021, respectively).

Conclusion: The description of characteristics of individuals with hoarding behavior may assist in understanding the magnitude of this public health problem in Brazil and shed light on the need to develop studies on the health conditions of people and animals that live in these situations.
Összemérni az összemérhetetlent? Hallgatói tudományos diákköri teljesítmények értékelése az OTDK közgazdaságtudományi szekciójának tapasztalatai tükrében
Authors: Wimmer Ágnes , Takácsné György Katalin , Koloszár László , Mitev Ariel Zoltán
Published: December 2021

Az Országos Tudományos Diákköri Konferenciákon (OTDK) több ezer hallgató vesz részt 16, tudományterületenként szer­vezett szekcióban, tartalmilag és módszertanilag igen sokszínű pályamunkák bemutatásával. A kétévente megrendezett esemény versenyjelleggel is bír, szakmai tagozatonként csak egyetlen dolgozat érhet el első helyezést, így jelentős fele­lősség hárul az értékelési folyamat résztvevőire. A TDK a felsőoktatási tehetséggondozás kiemelt, hét évtizedes hagyományokkal rendelkező terepe, ahol fiatal kutatók próbálják ki magukat: többségük számára ez az első alkalom, amikor külső szakmai visszajelzést kaphatnak munkájukra, ennek milyensége befolyással lehet pályájukra, a kutatáshoz való vi­szonyukra. A szerzők elemzésükben az értékelés szerepét és kihívásait vizsgálják az OTDK jelenleg legnagyobb, Közgazdaságtudományi Szekciójának tapasztalatai alapján, az írásbeli bírálatokra fókuszálva. Kiemelik a bírálati folyamat jellemzőit más felsőoktatási, illetve kutatási/publikációs értékelési helyzetekhez képest, megfogalmazzák az értékeléssel kapcsolatos elvárásokat, rámutatnak a főbb kihívásokra és a folyamat fejlesztésének irányaira. A tanulságok a tehetséggondozáson túlmutatóan a tudományos, oktatói-kutatói pályán előforduló más értékelési szituációk jobbítását is segíthetik.
MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF HEAT TRANSFER IN CRYOGENIC GASIFIERS: CASE OF AN SGU-7KM-U GASIFICATION UNIT
Authors:   Military Scientific Educational Center of Military-Air Forces “N.E. Zhukovsky and Ju.A. Gagarin Military-Air Academy”, Voronezh, Russian Federation, Borodkin S. , Bataronov I. , Ivanov A. , Ryazhskikh V. ,   Voronezh State Technical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

This paper presents experimental data on oxygen gasification as performed on an SGU-7KM-U unit; data is used to find a differential parametric model of heat transfer in closed-loop gasification units. Reference experi-ments helped find the external parameters such as the heater power, the heat capacity of the evaporator, and the pumping rate. The internal parameters of the model, i.e., the numerical multipliers for coefficients of heat transfer in oxygen, coolant, and the environment, were identified by the passive strategy method. The paper further presents newly developed methods for optimizing the gasifier performance to reach the required range of output temperatures in steady-state and non-steady-state operation. The methods were tested on an SGU-7KM-U gasification unit.
FLUXGATE MAGNETOMETERS WITH A NEW EXCITATION METHOD BASED ON MAGNETOELECTRIC INTERACTION
Authors:   Institute of Machine Science and Automation of the National Academy of Sciences  of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic, Bryakin I. , Bochkarev I. ,   Kyrgyz State Technical University named after I. Razzakov, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
Published: December 2021

The analysis of the functional peculiarities of the known flux gates has shown that the constructive and technological methods used to increase their operational characteristics within the framework of traditional so-lutions have basically exhausted themselves. The paper proposes a method for exciting flux gates based on a new physical principle relying on the effect of magnetoelectric interaction. The possibility of obtaining a magnetoelectric effect in local inhomogeneities of solid-state structures of ferrite elements of flux-gates when exposed to an alternating electric field is analyzed and substantiated. In this case, in the entire volume of the fer-romagnetic core at the same frequencies of electromechanical and magnetic resonances, a modulating physical process is excited in the form of a standing magnetoelectric wave. This creates a corresponding magnetic modu-lation structure in the entire volume of the ferromagnetic system of the flux gate. The considered design of a fluxgate modulator implements a new method of exciting flux gates, containing a ferromagnetic rod system in the form of two ferrite rod half-elements, located coaxially and joined together by a ferrite permanent magnet with magnetization along the axis of the rods. The authors have experimentally studies a new method for exci¬ting flux gates. The proposed method for exciting flux gates opens up wide opportunities for research in a new direction in science – spintronics, in particular, the applied use of magnetoelectric interaction, which can be effectively used to create various options for flux gates based on new physical principles of operation.
Metode Pemetaan Pikiran Dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah Jepang: Studi Kasus Mahasiswa Bahasa dan Kebudayaan Jepang
Authors: Sakariah Dewi Saraswati
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman mahasiswa selama pembelajaran mata kuliah Sejarah Jepang dengan menggunakan metode belajar pemetaaan pikiran (mind mapping) milik Tony Buzan. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas yang subjeknya dari adalah mahasiswa Bahasa dan Kebudayaan Jepang semester 3 (kelas A dan B) dengan objek penelitian adalah kemampuan memahami mahasiswa terhadap materi Sejarah Jepang  era primitif (Jomon-Yayoi-Kofun)  dan era kerajaan akhir (Heian) yang menggunakan beberapa rujukan buku dengan metode pengujian dari hasil penerapan pemetaan pikiran. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan metode pembelajaran pemetaan pikiran/Mind Mapping dapat membuat mahasiswa lebih bersemangat dalam proses belajar dan memberikan hasil yang optimal dalam nilai akademisnya.
Konsentrasi Polyfenol pada Teh Hitam Celup Komersial Produksi Perkebunan Teh di Jawa Tengah
Authors: Supriyo Edy , Pudjihastuti Isti
Published: December 2021

Teh merupakan minuman yang dihasilkan dari pucuk daun tanaman Camellia sinensis  yang tumbuh di pegunungan pada ketinggian 600–2500 m dpl. Teh hitam merupakan jenis teh yang banyak dikonsumsi masyarakat Indonesia. Teh ini diproduksi dengan cara fermentasi melalui proses oksidasi enzimatis katekin oleh polifenol oksidase. Teh hitam yang dikemas dalam bentuk the celup banyak digemari konsumen.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini mengetahui konsentrasi polyfenol dalam teh hitam celup komersial. Sampel teh hitam celup komersial dengan merk dagang TP, TDT, TB, TL,  TD, dan TM diproduksi oleh enam perkebunan teh di Jawa Tengah yang diperoleh secara acak dari swalayan di Kota Semarang.   Kandungan polyfenol pada sampel teh hitam celup dianalisa dengan menggunakan spetrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 725nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teh hitam celup komersial yang beredar di Kota Semarang telah memenuhi  standard SNI 3753–2014, dengan rata-rata konsentrasi polyfenol 8,83-43,63 %b/b. Analisa Zscore  menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang sangat nyata antar konsentrasi polyfenol di enam sampel teh hitam celup komersial, hal ini dimungkinkan dengan adanya standarisasi proses produksi teh hitam di berbagai industri teh di Indonesia. Dan teh hitam celup komersial TDT mempunyai konsentrasi polyfenol diatas rata-rata yaitu 43,63 % b/b.    Tea is a drink produced from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant that thrives in the mountains at an altitude of 600–2500 m above sea level. Black tea is a type of tea that is widely consumed by Indonesian people. Black tea is produced by fermentation, namely the process of enzymatic oxidation of catechins by polyphenol oxidase. Black tea is produced in several packages, including as black tea bags. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of polyphenols in commercial black tea bags. Samples of commercial black tea bags with the trademarks TP, TDT, TB, TL, TD, and TM were produced by six tea plantations in Central Java which were obtained randomly from supermarkets/stores in Semarang City. The polyphenol content in black teabag samples was analyzed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 725nm. The results showed that the commercial black tea bags marketed in the Semarang City had met the standards of SNI 3753–2014, with an average polyphenol concentration of 8.83-43.63% w/w. The Zscore analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the concentrations of polyphenols in the six samples of commercial black tea bags, this may cause by the standardization of black tea production processes in various tea industries in Indonesia, but commercial black tea bags with the trademark TDT had polyphenol concentrations above the average is 43.63% w/w.
Despotyczne oko? Romantyczne unaukowienie obrazu natury (Słowacki–Bacon, Mickiewicz–Kepler)
Authors: Leszczyński Marcin
Published: December 2021

Artykuł prezentuje, dekonstruując dychotomię natura–kultura, jak w okresie romantyzmu obraz natury filtrowany był przez kulturowe matryce – zwłaszcza związane z rozwojem nauk ścisłych, a więc z poznaniem, które postrzegano najczęściej jako oparte na zmysłach, czysto materialne. Nauka, sama uwikłana w kulturę i społeczeństwo, dostarczała tworzywa do nowej poetyki natury wraz z repertuarem kodów kulturowych. Na przykładzie Mickiewicza i Słowackiego ukazane zostanie, jak mogła współistnieć stara astronomia (poetycko i estetycznie atrakcyjna, choć powszechnie już odrzucona) obok nowszych odkryć (Kepler), a wraz z nowożytnym empiryzmem i materializmem (Bacon) można było zespolić spirytualizm, korzystając z tej samej metody poznawczej (indukcja).
Kto dziś wierzy w wodniki? Ekologiczne inspiracje w ponowoczesnej literaturze czeskiej (przypadek Miloša Urbana)
Authors: Gawarecka Anna
Published: December 2021

Miloš Urban, czeski prozaik, kojarzony przede wszystkim z postmodernistycznymi grami z konwencjami thrillera metafizycznego, opublikował w 2001 r. nagrodzoną prestiżową nagrodą Magnesia Litera powieść Hastrman, włączając się tym samym w nurt tak zwanej literatury zielonej. Niepokój wywołany coraz bardziej nasilającą się degradacją środowiska naturalnego północnych Czech skierował uwagę pisarza w stronę wypracowania metody twórczej, zdolnej – bez zbyt jednoznacznego pouczania czytelnika – do wskazania zagrożeń związanych z kryzysem ekologicznym. Sięgając po wzorce genologiczne dziewiętnastowiecznej powieści etnograficznej, łącząc je z elementami horroru oraz współczesnej political fiction oraz – w największej mierze – umieszczając w centrum świata przedstawionego tekstu (w funkcji narratora i protagonisty) wodnika, a zatem figurę nie tylko głęboko zakorzenioną w czeskiej pamięci kulturowej, lecz także obdarzoną dualną zwierzęco- bądź demono-ludzką charakterystyką ontologiczną, Urban uzyskał efekt swoistej etycznej nierozstrzygalności poczynań bohatera. Tytułowy hastrman działa „w słusznej – ekologicznej – sprawie”, ale by zadanie swe zrealizować, korzysta ze zbrodniczych, stricte terrorystycznych, metod. Dzięki temu powieść, zamiast formułować stanowcze odpowiedzi, stawia raczej pytania, zmuszając odbiorcę do przemyślenia własnej postawy i do zaproponowania narzędzi ocalenia stopniowo, ale nieuchronnie zanikającego tradycyjnego porządku, bazującego na harmonijnej współpracy człowieka z otaczającą go przyrodą.
Muzyka otchłani. Kwestia natury w Muzyce Ericha Zanna Howarda Phillipsa Lovecrafta
Authors: Kowalczyk Bartosz
Published: December 2021

W artykule przeanalizowano opowiadanie Howarda Phillipsa Lovecrafta Muzyka Ericha Zanna i ukazano obecny w tej literaturze konflikt pomiędzy nowoczesnością a naturą. Omawiana praca, wraz z tekstami uzupełniającymi, dostarcza informacji pozwalających przeformułować sposób postrzegania literatury Lovecrafta, a ściśle rzecz ujmując, kategorii „nadnaturalnego horroru”.
Możliwości i ograniczenia stosowania wybranych strategii motywowania studentów w warsztacie pracy polonisty uniwersyteckiego
Authors: Górniak-Prasnal Karolina
Published: December 2021

Tekst porusza problem motywacji u studentów polonistyki i kierunków pokrewnych. Autorka koncentruje się na możliwościach i ograniczeniach wybranych strategii motywowania, zwracając uwagę na specyfikę kierunku studiów i uwarunkowania pracy ze studentem polonistyki. W oparciu o własną praktykę dydaktyczną przedstawia propozycje działań, które mogą wpłynąć na podniesienie motywacji studentów, zrealizowanie budującego cyklu uczenia się, ale także poprawę samooceny i wzmacnianie pozytywnych przekonań o własnym potencjale. Odwołuje się do strategii motywowania opartych na modelach humanistycznym i konstruktywistycznym, przedstawiając korzyści, jakie dla dydaktyki polonistycznej może przynieść podejście oparte na wzmacnianiu wewnętrznej motywacji studenta i respektowaniu jego indywidualnych wyborów – a więc uczynienie go podmiotem procesu uczenia się. Zagadnienie to zasługuje na szczególny namysł w kontekście powrotu do nauczania stacjonarnego po kryzysie pandemicznym.
Poeta ridens. O wierszach Józefa Barana
Authors: Legeżyńska Anna
Published: December 2021

Artykuł jest dedykowany pamięci prof. Bożeny Chrząstowskiej jako badaczce doceniającej i popularyzującej poezję współczesną w szkole. Jednym z cenionych przez Nią twórców był Józef Baran (ur. 1947). Jego najnowszy tom pt. W wieku odlotowym potwierdza popularność liryki „środka”, wyprowadzonej z tradycji do Gałczyńskiego; przystępnej dla czytelnika i zarazem niebanalnej. Zbiór W wieku odlotowym ma charakter lirycznej autobiografii, przynosi też refleksję na temat sensu ludzkiej egzystencji. W tomie tym konwencja elegijna miesza się z autoironią i humorem. Poeta pisze o przemijaniu jako doświadczeniu bardzo osobistym i zarazem uniwersalnym, wpisanym w harmonię bytu.
Wiersze o rozmowach, które się nie odbyły
Authors: Myrdzik Barbara
Published: December 2021

Tekst zatytułowany Wiersze o rozmowach, które się nie odbyły jest interpretacją dwóch utworów poetyckich autorstwa Marcina Świetlickiego i Ewy Lipskiej: Rozmawianie (na koniec wieku) i Kiedy zaczynaliśmy mówić. Oba utwory w różny dla siebie sposób podejmują temat komunikacji międzyludzkiej, w której język, słowo mówione łączy ludzi. Zarówno Ewa Lipska, jak i Marcin Świetlicki dostrzegają zanik nie tyle umiejętności rozmowy, ile społecznej i indywidualnej zgody na porozumienie, dialog. Ludzie, niegdyś bliscy, stają się obcy, bo mają różne poglądy, są uwikłani we niełatwą współczesność. W kontaktach indywidualnych zamykają się w swoim kręgu, nie starają się być otwartymi na spotkanie z innym.
Po-etyka stosowana? Novum aksjologiczne w ostatnim wydaniu podręcznika B. Chrząstowskiej i S. Wysłouch
Authors: Grzegórzek Mirosław
Published: December 2021

Przedmiotem tekstu jest próba pokazania wieloletniego, żywego udziału profesor B. Chrząstowskiej w dyskusji na temat języka humanistyki szkolnej, a tym samym roli poznańskiej Mistrzyni w kreowaniu rzeczywistości humanistycznej godzin polskiego. Służy temu pokazanie ewolucji kształtu Poetyki stosowanej autorstwa S. Wysłouch i B. Chrząstowskiej w kontekście relacji tekst literacki – poetyka – etyka – świat wartości – uczeń. Przyjęto perspektywę chronologiczną w oglądzie kolejnych wersji podręcznika. W oparciu o przedmowy i analizując deklarowane tam autorskie korekty, znajdujące odzwierciedlenie w zawartości merytorycznej i układzie kompozycyjnym, wyrażonym spisem treści, wyróżniono dominanty myślowo-kompozycyjne, organizujące zawartość poszczególnych wersji książki, która po dziś dzień stanowi podstawową pozycję w bibliotekach nauczycieli języka polskiego, będąc zarazem śladem przemian zachodzących w myśleniu o sposobach czytania literatury w szkole i ich ścisłej zależności od dominujących metodologii literaturoznawczych.
Podmiotowość komitetu obywatelskiej inicjatywy uchwałodawczej w gminie
Authors: Rozczyński Beniamin , Misiejko Adrian
Published: December 2021

Nowelizacja ustaw samorządowych z 2018 r. wprowadziła do systemu prawnego instytucję komitetów obywatelskiej inicjatywy uchwałodawczej, ściśle związanych z wykonywaniem uprawnień przyznanych mieszkańcom. Przepisy nie określają wprost charakteru prawnego tych tworów. Dzięki analizie przepisów ustalono, że komitety można uznać za specyficzne podmioty prawa administracyjnego o ograniczonym zakresie działania. Nie dysponują natomiast podmiotowością w rozumieniu prawa cywilnego.
Employee pension programs in the employers’ branding strategy
Authors: Stefańska Magdalena , Olejnik Iwona
Published: December 2021

Demographic changes taking place in many countries are contributing to deteriorating pension systems. In the near future, these systems may become insufficient in many countries, and may lead to a reduction in the amount of pension benefits. One way to reduce the risk of poverty for future retirees is for them to save for retirement in employee pension programs (EPPs). In developed countries, EPPs have become an HR policy and are included the employer branding strategy (EB). The main objective of the article is to indicate the place and relationship between the EB and EPPs. We assume that the perception of the relation between EPPs and EB differs as far as employers or employees are concerned. Another factor which may have significance in that evaluation is whether or not the organization offers an EPP to its employees. The results of research conducted among 151 respondents allowed the formulation of a few conclusions which may suggest the need for a different approach to work by employees and to recruitment policy by employers. According to the research, EPPs are perceived as a benefit offered to employees, and at the same time they are a part of the EB strategy. However, that perception depends on whether we ask employees or employers, or whether the company offers EPP programs or not.
The competitive factors of German enterprises in Poland
Authors: Śliwiński Rafał , Śliwińska Magdalena
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this paper is to answer the following research questions: which factors relating to the international competitiveness of German enterprises are most important for the Polish market? Which competitiveness factors play a key role in helping enterprises from the highest developed countries conquer the market of a relatively less developed country? On the basis of a literature review, a research gap is identified, indicating there is a shortage of studies that clearly identify a group of factors that influence a company’s success on the foreign market. The gap is filled with the empirical qualitative research and the conclusions regarding the key competitiveness factors and their effective combination. Competitive strategies and factors key for their implementation are identified, presenting the factors responsible for the growth of German enterprises on the international market (Poland) and achieving market success. The set of enterprises’ competitiveness factors is established and the hierarchy those factors is presented. Although the qualitative research based on thirteen companies is not  representative, the leading German enterprises provide a valuable lesson on how to successfully conquer a foreign market. The key competitiveness factors responsible for such success in the context of strategic goals, competition strategies and modern methods of competition are presented and discussed. The findings are very useful for real enterprises in internationalizing situations, where the management has to determine the competitive strategy which should lead to foreign growth and in consequence success on the international market. The study indicates what to focus on when entering the foreign market and which factors have a direct impact on the growth on the foreign market. The paper is a result of empirical research on competitiveness and provides valuable information about the set of ranked competitive factors that have a direct influence on success in a foreign market.
Optimal attitude control for solar array orientation
Authors: Li Qiang , Jiang Yu , Zhang Yan , Gao Yu , Guo Xiaohong , Cui Ruifei , Wang Sichen , Guo Wenming , Lv Tiexin , Cai Lifeng , Zhang Lei , Li Xiaoying , Lin Haichen
Published: December 2021

For low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, solar panel is a firstly key device to convert the solar radiation into the electric power to supply the energy consume. However, the solar array is always suffering from the power degradation due to the harsh space environments. To meet the power balance in the end life of the spacecraft, attitude determination and control system (ADCS) plays an important role in the solar panel direction to change the solar energy input. Here, the solar cell performance parameters from an LEO satellite running on a dawn-dusk Sun synchronous orbit (SSO) are investigated. A yaw maneuver application is presented to satisfy the electric power supply (EPS) risk of the solar cell current decrease. Validated in the space operation, the results have shown that in the yaw mode, the EPS output is improved and the solar cell current is averagely enhanced more than 10% when the orbit incidence is 35°. The yaw maneuver is applied to the state of health (SOH) management with a better power supply. The solution can be widely and usefully taken into account to increase the solar array output for a near-Earth satellite in the risk of the power shortage.
Model predictive control for a multiple injection combustion model
Authors: Khac Hoang Nguyen , Modabberian Amin , Storm Xiaoguo , Zenger Kai , Hyvönen Jari
Published: December 2021

In this work, a model predictive controller is developed for a multiple injection combustion model. A 1D engine model with three distinct injections is used to generate data for identifying the state-space representation of the engine model. This state-space model is then used to design a controller for controlling the start of injection and injected fuel mass of the post injection. These parameters are used as inputs for the engine model to control the maximum cylinder pressure and indicated mean effective pressure.
The Nature and Status of Concepts in Phenomenology
Authors: Clarke Evan
Published: December 2021

This essay examines the debate that arose immediately following the publication of the first volume of Edmund Husserl'sIdeasregarding the model of concept formation that Husserl sketches in that work. After a brief overview of the relevant passages from theIdeas, I take up essay-length responses to Husserl by August Messer, Theodor Elsenhans, and Heinrich Gustav Steinmann. Reflecting a variety of empiricist commitments, all three authors are skeptical that concepts can be expected to embody the essence of a corresponding phenomenon. Subsequently, I review the responses to these critiques offered by Husserl, his then-assistant Edith Stein, and Paul Linke. For Linke, it is at least highly probable that certain concepts derive their content from an apprehension of essence. The empiricist alternative, he argues, is fatally unstable. Husserl and Stein, meanwhile, offer a more forceful defense of this position. Unless we allow that certain kinds of concepts can originate from a grasp of essence, they argue, we will be unable to explain how certain manifest cognitive accomplishments are possible.
Concrete anisotropy estimated from ultrasonic signal amplitudes
Authors: Ekin Nevbahar
Published: December 2021

The anisotropy of concrete is an essential issue in the construction industry. In this study, for the first time, ultrasonic compression and shear wave signals have been investigated for the orthogonal directions of unreinforced concrete by means of fast Fourier transformation (FFT). For this purpose, cubic concrete samples were prepared in 12 designs of different strengths for ultrasound transmission measurements. The characteristic amplitudes at dominant frequencies were determined by the FFT of these signals. The FFT amplitude differences in the compression and the shear wave signals on the orthogonally oriented surfaces provide essential information about the presence and degree of anisotropy. According to linear regression analysis, the FFT amplitude anisotropies and the amplitude ratios of the compression and shear waves decreased significantly according to increasing concrete strength. In addition, it was found that the anisotropy and the ratio of the FFT amplitudes increased proportionally to the water/cement ratio, the porosity and the water content of the various concrete designs.
Experimental evaluation and modelling of the boronizing kinetics of AISI H13 hot work tool steel
Authors: Abdellah Zahra Nait , Boumaali Brahim , Keddam Mourad
Published: December 2021

In the study for this contribution, the AISI H13 hot work steel was pack-boronized between 2 and 6 h of exposure time within the temperature range of 800 – 1000 °C. The boriding agent was composed of a powder mixture containing (in weight percent): 90 % of boron carbide (B4C) and 10 % of sodium tetrafluoroborate (NaBF4). The SEM observations showed a less pronounced jagged interface between the boronized layer and the transient zone. A double phase boride layer (FeB and Fe2B) was identified over the surface of AISI H13 steel with the presence of metallic borides inside this compound layer. The mean diffusion coefficient (MDC) method was applied to analyze the growth of iron borides (FeB and Fe2B) as compact layers over the surfaces of AISI H13 steel. The boron activation energies in the two iron borides were also assessed from the present kinetic approach by assuming the Arrhenius relationships. Afterwards, the kinetic model was checked experimentally by considering two extra boriding conditions (925 °C for 1 and 3 h). Finally, the predicted layer thicknesses are in accordance with experimental measurements.
Effect of Short Solution Heat Treatment Time on the Microstructure and Properties of Al-Si-Mg-Cu Alloys
Authors: Zhuang P. , Shi H. , Zhang Z. , Chai R. , Zan J. , Du X.
Published: December 2021

In this work, a solution heat treatment of Al-Si-Mg-Cu casting alloy was analyzed. A new short solution heat treatment (SHT) with only 60 min has been allowed. The results revealed that this short SHT enables the improvement of the dendritic structure and the spheroidization of the eutectic silicon particles. Furthermore, the alloy showed improved mechanical properties when compared to the same alloy subjected to a longer SHT of 4 h. It was observed that increasing the SHT temperature can accelerate the dissolution and homogenization of the silicon particles and intermetallic precipitates in the matrix.
Metallurgical Failure Investigation of Combustion Chamber Leakage in a Heavy-duty Gas Turbine Engine
Authors: Neidel A. , Gädicke T. , Riesenbeck S. , Wallich S.
Published: December 2021

In this contribution, a case study is presented describing the failure of a combustion chamber assembly in a non-OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) gas turbine engine used for power generation. It showed how even advanced fabrication methods, such as Electron Beam (EB) welding, could trigger fatigue fracture, even if there are no material defects, no weld imperfections, no fabrication flaws, and even if everything is within specified limits. As is so often the case in component failures, the fact that failures occur anyway, despite the absence of out-of-spec material properties, and even though there were no fabrication flaws, is attributable to the design; which is often not sturdy enough to withstand unexpected dynamic loading.
“Just taking part or fully participate with others!?”: Social integration of members with disabilities in mainstream sports clubs
Authors: Albrecht Julia , Nagel Siegfried , Klenk Christoffer
Published: December 2021

People with disabilities still show lower participation rates in mainstream sports clubs. Even when they are members of mainstream sports clubs, their participation is often limited to structural integration, while broader social integration including cultural and affective dimensions is only partially achieved. Thus, this study analyses the broader extent of social integration of members with disabilities in sports clubs, applying Esser’s model of social integration, which is comprised of four dimensions: culturation, interaction, identification, and placement. The article describes multiple case studies conducted with this model on a sample of three mainstream clubs, including 14 members with disabilities. Results show overall high scores on the four dimensions, consequently pointing to effective social integration of members with disabilities. Moreover, the studies also reveal indications of factors that are relevant for social integration. This knowledge is helpful for clubs with regard to managing social integration strategies and practices.
New compounds from Sarcophyton glaucom-derived Penicillium sp.
Authors: Shaaban Mohamed
Published: December 2021

Further investigation of the residual bioactive compounds produced by the soft coral Sarcophyton glaucom-derived Penicillium sp. MMA afforded five new compounds assigned as 9-methoxy-penicyrone A (1), 9-methoxy-penicyrone B (2), 3-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-pentyl ester (3), 3-hydroxy-1-isopropyl-2,2-dimethyl-propyl ester (4), and 3-isobutyryloxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-pentyl linoleate (5). Additional six known compounds were isolated: penicyrones A–B (6, 7), 4-(2-hydroxy-3-butynoxy)benzoic acid (8), cyclopenol (9), aspermytin A (10), and aurantiomide A (11). Structures of the new compounds (1–5) were identified by 1D (1H & 13C) and 2 D (1H–1H COSY, HMBC and NOESY) NMR and HRESI-MS spectroscopic data. Biologically, the antimicrobial activities of the obtained compounds were studied as well.
Ethnic Chinese in the Sino-Vietnamese Borderlands
Authors: Văn Chính Nguyễn
Published: December 2021

This study examines the immigration history, cultural characteristics, and political construction of the ethnic identity of the Chinese communities in the northeastern borderlands of Vietnam. It considers Vietnam’s policies toward the Chinese as applied in the border region before and after the 1979 border war. It suggests that states view ethnicity from the lens of national political cohesion and therefore see ethnicity as a means to obtain both foreign and domestic objectives. Thus, when China-Vietnam relations became strained, the overseas Chinese in the borderlands were caught in the middle of the confrontation.
Care Centers and Professional Caregivers: from the Project to a Sustainable Social Child Care Policy
Authors: Genienė Rasa , Nedvecka Jovita
Published: December 2021

In Lithuania the deinstitutionalisation of children left without parental care is being implemented since 2014. The term of transformation is more recognizable in the political context of the country. Various alternative services to institutional care are being developed during the transformation process, but some have become massive and overly institutional in nature (e.g., community children living homes), while the institute of professional caregivers has not gained popular attention when comparing child care rates across different alternatives. This article presents and discusses the activities of care centers that train permanent guardians (caregivers) and professional guardians. The article presents a research during which the staff of the care center evaluated the effectiveness of the activities of the care center and the guardians on duty. The results of the study revealed that care centers face the risk of projectivity at both micro and macro levels. Cooperation and support between the Ministry of Social security and labout and municipalities and other institutions is also very important for the effectiveness of care centers.