bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive-sampling angular spectrum method with full utilization of space-bandwidth product
Authors: Zhang Wenhui , Zhang Hao , Jin Guofan
Published: June 2020

As convolution-based diffraction calculation methods, Rayleigh–Sommerfeld convolution and the angular spectrum method (ASM) usually require zero padding to avoid circular convolution errors. This greatly increases the computational complexity and wastes a large amount of the sampling points. In this Letter, based on the analysis of sampling properties in the convolution process, we propose an adaptive-sampling ASM, which can adjust the sampling parameters according to the propagation distance to avoid circular convolution errors without zero padding. The sampling condition of the transfer function can be adaptively satisfied by rearranging the sampling points in the spatial frequency domain. Therefore, the computational complexity is significantly reduced, and all the sampling points are effectively used, which leads to a full utilization of the space-bandwidth product.
Single-pixel, single-input-state polarization-sensitive wavefront imaging
Authors: Kim Soocheol , Cense Barry , Joo Chulmin
Published: June 2020

In this Letter, we describe a single-pixel polarization-sensitive imaging technique, capable of generating the birefringence map of a thin specimen by using single-pixel detectors. Spatially modulated light is circularly polarized to illuminate the specimen. The transmitted light through the specimen is then focused via a lens and measured by position-sensitive detectors in two orthogonal polarization channels. The measurement of the irradiance and centroid position of the optical focus and subsequent computations enable the production of polarization-dependent wavefront maps, which can then be utilized to reconstruct sample birefringence information. We demonstrate the feasibility of our method by measuring distribution of optic-axis orientation and phase retardation of various birefringent samples.
O Serviço de Apoio Administrativo da Biblioteca Geral: funções correntes e desafios novos
Authors: Azevedo Odete Cláudia
Published: June 2020

O Serviço de Apoio Administrativo da Biblioteca Geral cumpre várias tarefas fundamentais ao funcionamento desta unidade orgânica da Universidade de Coimbra. Uma das suas funções é realizar os atendimentos dos utentes internos (órgãos, serviços e trabalhadores da Biblioteca Geral, orgânicas da Universidade de Coimbra e dos Serviços de Ação Social da Universidade de Coimbra) e externos (leitores, investigadores e entidades coletivas). Neste trabalho mostram­‑se algumas tendências que vêm prevalecendo neste campo, perspetivam­‑se alguns desafios e propõem­‑se medidas de melhoria.
Mulheres em Discurso: linguagem, política e verdade
Authors: Zoppi Fontana Mónica Graciela
Published: June 2020

Nesta entrevista, a professora e linguista Mónica Zoppi Fontana apresenta, inicialmente, a formação do grupo de pesquisa que coordena, intitulado “Mulheres em Discurso”, com a enumeração de alguns trabalhos desenvolvidos por seus membros. Eles visam, em comum, fomentar a reflexão sobre os processos de subjetivação da mulher, em nossa sociedade, por meio dos discursos e das práticas engendradas a partir deles. Em seguida, a pesquisadora trata da pós-verdade, cenário no qual prevalecem afirmações de viés prioritariamente emotivo, do campo das crenças e das ideologias pessoais, diferentemente das afirmações que buscam se ancorar na maior aproximação dos fatos. Tal como observa, a pós-verdade foi eleita a palavra do ano, em 2016, pelo Dicionário Oxford. Essa e outras razões de nosso contexto político exigem dos analistas do discurso uma análise desse fenômeno discursivo em sua relação com as fake news. Embora o emprego sistemático da mentira, em especial no campo político, não seja novo, o que impacta em nossa sociedade atual é o grau extraordinário de circulação e as formas de produção de evidências, em suas especificidades.
Gênero e política no Brasil e na Alemanha
Authors: Leschzyk Dinah
Published: June 2020

Nesta entrevista, a analista de discurso Dinah Leschzyk apresenta um panorama de suas pesquisas sobre o discurso político na América Latina. Ela inicia tratando das especificidades da campanha política na Colômbia, sobre a qual desenvolveu sua tese de doutorado, e nos apresenta sua pesquisa mais recente, relativa ao impacto do gênero na política. Ela tem realizado análises comparativas de discursos que circulam na mídia e nas campanhas eleitorais sobre as duas mulheres presidentes, Angela Merkel e Dilma Rousseff, assim como sobre os discursos de ódio proferidos contra a comunidade LGBT pelas extremas-direitas alemã e brasileira.
Pregnancy and delivery in patients with idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Snetkov A. A. , Kolesov S. V. , Gorbatyuk D. S. , Panteleyev A. A. , Shvets V. V. , Eskin N. A. , Fedotov E. A.
Published: June 2020

Objective. To analyze the course of pregnancy and delivery that occurred before and after surgical correction of idiopathic scoliosis with  instrumented fixation of the spine.

Material and Methods. The paper presents a retrospective randomized study of 100 patients of reproductive age (18–35 years) with Lenke type 2–6 idiopathic scoliosis. The following aspects of pregnancy were analyzed: the possibility of independent conception, the pain severity according to VAS during each of the three trimesters of pregnancy, and the mode of delivery (naturally or by C-section). A comparative analysis of the data of patients operated on for the spine deformity correction before and after pregnancy and delivery was carried out. Data was collected using a questionnaire survey of patients. Detection and analysis of differences between groups were carried  out using the χ 2 criterion.

Results. A statistical relationship was found between the presence of instrumentation installed before delivery (during or before pregnancy) and the need for C-section. It was revealed that the lower the caudal end of instrumentation within the L3–S1 region, the higher the C-section occurrence. Predominantly thoracic scoliosis (Lenke types 2–4) is characterized by higher likelihood of independent conception and lower lumbar pain intensity during pregnancy than predominantly lumbar scoliosis (Lenke types 5–6). There are also certain difficulties in conducting spinal anesthesia in patients with installed instrumentation, which negatively affects the possibility of its use.

Conclusion. The issue of the course of pregnancy and delivery in idiopathic scoliosis continues to be very significant for both patients and spine surgeons who supervise them. The solution to this issue is impossible without cooperation with obstetrician gynecologists and anesthetists planning and administering anesthetic management during delivery (which is especially important in case of impossibility or significant restriction of spinal anesthesia use in such patients).
Inter-islands Dynamic Economy: Colonial Policy on the Indonesian Ports Development for International and Domestic Shipping During Colonial Times
Authors: Rinardi Haryono , Rochwulaningsih Yety
Published: June 2020

As a capital-intensive transport technology linked to industrialized economies, ports become more essential economic infrastructure for developing periphery. Using the historical method, this article examines the relations between ports construction and the development of the voyages of the Indonesian archipelago, which was before called the Dutch East Indies. Based on the results, the port's construction caused by several factors. First, the colonial government wanted to reduce Singapore's role as an entre-port for the Dutch East Indies shipping activities, so that several ports been developed in the outer islands of Java. Second, ports development in outer islands became one of the Dutch economic expansions. Third, to relinquish reliance on foreign shipping companies, the colonial government then developed KPM and gave a monopoly right of shipping across the islands. Fourth, the utilization of modern ship engines in shipping led the growing up international voyages and had prompted the government to develop ports. Another interesting finding from this article is the relation between shipping and trade, the port constructions in various parts of the Dutch East Indies has encouraged trading networks developed in the area.
Pattern of variation and grouping of qualitative morphological characters of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.)
Authors: ONWUBIKO Nwakuche Chinenye , UGURU Michael Ifeanyi , CHIMDI Grace Ovute
Published: June 2020

Morphological field evaluation to characterize the phenotypical features of 33 Bambara groundnut accessions was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of Department of Crop Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State; Nigeria. Qualitative morphological descriptors showed a varying degree of variation across the Bambara groundnut collections evaluated. In relation to other descriptors, ground colour of eye displayed the highest range of variation, while eye pattern of the accessions recorded the least discriminating feature. The accessions were resolved into five groups based on similarities on morphological characters and not on geographical place of origin.
Poyphenols – between neuroprotection and neurotoxicity
Authors: POGAČNIK Lea , SILVA Rui F.M.
Published: June 2020

Polyphenols are a group of secondary metabolites found in a wide variety of foods, such as fruits, vegetables, wine, tea, olive oil and chocolate. These compounds, in addition to their antioxidant activity, also possess strong anti-inflammatory properties. Numerous studies have therefore confirmed their potential role in preventing and treating various pathological conditions associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Among these, the most prevalent ones include cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, which globally represent one of the main causes of death and are therefore a major social and financial burden,  Numerous studies have clarified some of the mechanisms of action of polyphenols as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds and have clarified their role in treatment/prevention of certain conditions. It was shown that polyphenols could be used both as protective/prophylactic compounds and as therapeutic compounds. A sufficient amount can be achieved either by consuming a diet, rich in polyphenols, or in the form of dietary supplements and nevertheless with formulations such as nutraceuticals. The health effects of polyphenols depend not only on the amount consumed but also on their bioavailability. However, their overconsumption can cause safety concerns due to the accumulation of these molecules in the body, especially considering that the regulatory legislation in the field of dietary supplements is rather loose. Therefore, this review focuses on the major positive effects of natural-derived polyphenols, and addresses potential safety concerns, with a focus on neuroprotection and neurotoxicity.
Characterization of the population served by the Assistance Program for Ostomy Patients
Authors: Lopes Mariana Pereira , Correa Flaviana Maria Barros , Esmeraldo Julyana Campos , Reynaldo Caroline Silva Bezerra , Silva Fernanda da Mata Vasconcelos , Santos Isabel Cristina Ramos Vieira
Published: June 2020

Objective: to characterize the population served by the Assistance Program for Ostomy Patients. Methods: cross-sectional study, based on data from the Assistance Program for Ostomy Patients. Population of 852 registered patients. A form containing sociodemographic and clinical variables was used. Data analyzed by average comparison, using Student’s ‘t’ test and analysis of variance. Results: the age group most exposed to the investigated surgical procedure was adult/elderly (93.0%), male (52.5%). Congenital malformations and neoplasms were the main causes of ostomy for the group of children and adults/elderly, respectively. Conclusion: the age group most exposed to the studied procedure was adult/elderly, male and from the metropolitan region of the investigated state. Among children, congenital malformations required the making of a temporary ileostomy; among adults/elderly, the neoplasm corresponded to the most frequent indication of permanent colostomies.
Promotion of children’s body weight control: serial album validation
Authors: Saraiva Nathalia Costa Gonzaga , Cavalcante Luiza Marques , Araujo Thelma Leite de
Published: June 2020

Objective: to semantically validate the serial album De Olho no Peso (Keeping an eye on weight), to promote children’s body weight control. Methods: methodological study, of semantic analysis of educational technology, by 42 children aged seven to 10 years, through the individual application of a questionnaire. The minimum semantic concordance index of 0.80 was considered. Results: all items of the questionnaire (organization, content, attractiveness and persuasion) were validated. The children found the illustrations on the flipchart easy to understand except for two. Responses about having liked each illustration ranged from 47.6 to 100.0%. The average concordance index of the illustrations was 0.86. After analyzing the responses, changes were made to the flipchart. Conclusion: the serial album De Olho no Peso presented a semantic concordance index equal to 0.89, demonstrating to be a validated technology to mediate educational actions on prevention and control of infant body weight.
Managing nursing care to puerperae and newborns in primary healthcare
Authors: Amorim Tamiris Scoz , Backes Marli Terezinha Stein
Published: June 2020

Objective: understanding the meaning of managing nursing care for puerperae and newborns in primary healthcare. Methods: qualitative study, based on the theoretical framework of Data-based Theory. Participant observation and semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with eleven primary healthcare nurses. The analytical process involved open, axial, and selective coding/integration. Results: the central phenomenon, Promoting the management of nursing care in primary healthcare, indicates the leadership of nurses when dealing with challenges in the context of care. That suggests actions and interactions to guarantee autonomy and the quality of care, in addition to empowering the parents. Conclusion: the management of care from nurses who participated in the research aims to embrace the mother-child and family particularities since the prenatal, and to promote a singular, multidimensional, continuous, vigilant, and systematized care, which values the subjectivity and the main role of the woman-mother and the care they should have with themselves and the newborn.
Assessment of pain in chronic renal failure patients going through hemodialysis
Authors: Silva Fabiana Larissa Barbosa da , Melo Geórgia Alcântara Alencar , Santos Regilane Cordeiro dos , Silva Renan Alves , Aguiar Letícia Lima , Caetano Joselany Áfio
Published: June 2020

Objective: to assess the pain and the differences of this assessment with social, economic and clinical variables in individuals with chronic kidney disease. Methods: cross-sectional study, with 90 patients with hemodialysis clinics. Three instruments were used clinical/sociodemographic, visual analogue pain scale and McGill pain questionnaire. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis U tests were used. Results: the most frequent kind of pain was musculoskeletal (35.6%), which was classified as moderate by using the visual analogue pain scale. In McGill’s questionnaire, the most selected categories were sensory and affective, which characterize pain as acute and thin. Significant statistical differences in medians of pain were found with family income, source of income, use of analgesics/anti-inflammatories, use of acupuncture and impaired sleep. Conclusion: pain was a recurrent result in various regions of the body among patients with chronic renal failure.
Validation of content and appearance of an educational manual to promote children’s mental health
Authors: Bittencourt Marina Nolli , Flexa Raissa dos Santos , Santos Ingrid de Souza Reis , Ferreira Larissa Duarte , Nemer Camila Rodrigues Barbosa , Pena José Luiz da Cunha
Published: June 2020

Objective: to validate the content and appearance of an educational manual to promote children’s mental health. Methods: this is a methodological study, in which 16 specialists (health and education professionals) and six of the target audience (nurses) participated. The Content Validity Index and the Agreement Index were calculated according to the response to the instrument, which assessed the objectives, appearance, structure, organization, relevance and didactics of the manual. Results: the Content Validity Index was 0.984 for the target audience, and the Agreement Index was 100.0%. The main changes were in the title, objectives and theoretical framework, excluding workshops and spelling and grammatical revision. Conclusion: the manual presented satisfactory Content Validity and Agreement indexes. It can assist nurses and other health professionals in promoting children’s mental health, promoting the development of emotional intelligence.
An overview of 30 days of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the state of Ceará
Authors: Albuquerque Nila Larisse Silva de , Lima Fabiane da Silva Severino , Ramos Stéphannie Lynne Torres Costa , Soares Paula Renata Amorim Lessa , Lopes Márcia Maria Coelho Oliveira
Published: June 2020

Objective: to analyze the evolution of the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the 30 first days of transmission in the state of Ceará. Methods: ecological study of a temporal series. Measures of position and dispersion were calculated, as well as the coefficient of incidence for the first 30 days. The evolution of the number of cases was compared to the trend of advance of the disease. Results: in the 30th day there were 1,800 confirmed cases, peaking in the 23rd day. This study assumes that the measures implemented in the state started to influence the evolution of the disease in the 26th day after the first confirmed case. The incidence coefficient increased 146.5% between the 21st and the 30th days. Conclusion: the mean number of new cases consistently increased in the period analyzed, suggesting that the epidemic has not yet been controlled in the state, but is decelerating.
Pain in full term newborns submitted to music and swaddling during venipunctures
Authors: Viana Tamires Rebeca Forte Viana , Melo Gleicia Martins de , Cardoso Maria Vera Lucia Moreira Leitão , Almeida Paulo César de , Oliveira Lusiana Moreira de , Santos Daisyanne Augusto de Sales
Published: June 2020

Objective: to compare pain scores in term newborns submitted to music and swaddling interventions during venipuncture. Methods: pilot study of a clinical trial, carried out with 11 newborns in rooming-in care who received venipunctures. The newborns were randomly allocated into two groups: Experimental (20 minutes of music + swaddling) and Control (swaddling). Newborns were filmed and pain was assessed by the Neonatal Facial Coding System at baseline, procedure, and initial recovery phases. Results: the Experimental Group at baseline, procedure (antisepsis, puncture, and milking), and recovery showed less pain reactions and lower heart rate mean and variation (p<0.05) than the Control Group. Conclusion: newborns who received the intervention of music combined with swaddling had less pain reactions and less variations in heart rate during venipuncture. Brazilian Clinical Trial Registry: RBR-8x8v2r.
Survival Without Major Morbidity Among Very Low Birth Weight Infants in California
Authors: Lee Henry C. , Liu Jessica , Profit Jochen , Hintz Susan R. , Gould Jeffrey B.
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVES:

To examine trends in survival without major morbidity and its individual components among very low birth weight infants across California and assess remaining gaps that may be opportune targets for improvement efforts.

METHODS:

The study population included infants born between 2008 and 2017 with birth weights of 401 to 1500 g or a gestational age of 22 to 29 weeks. Risk-adjusted trends of survival without major morbidity and its individual components were analyzed. Survival without major morbidity was defined as the absence of death during birth hospitalization, chronic lung disease, severe peri-intraventricular hemorrhage, nosocomial infection, necrotizing enterocolitis, severe retinopathy of prematurity or related surgery, and cystic periventricular leukomalacia. Variations in adjusted rates and/or interquartile ranges were examined. To assess opportunities for additional improvement, all hospitals were reassigned to perform as if in the top quartile, and recalculation of predicted numbers were used to estimate potential benefit.

RESULTS:

In this cohort of 49 333 infants across 142 hospitals, survival without major morbidity consistently increased from 62.2% to 66.9% from 2008 to 2017. Network variation decreased, with interquartile ranges decreasing from 21.1% to 19.2%. The largest improvements were seen for necrotizing enterocolitis and nosocomial infection. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia rates did not change significantly. Over the final 3 years, if all hospitals performed as well as the top quartile, an additional 621 infants per year would have survived without major morbidity, accounting for an additional 6.6% annual improvement.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although trends are promising, bronchopulmonary dysplasia remains a common and persistent major morbidity, remaining a target for continued quality-improvement efforts.
¿Por qué se pierde la agrobiodiversidad?: caso de la chagra inga en la Amazonía colombiana
Authors: Escárraga Torres Laura Judith , Gutiérrez Montes Isabel , Van Etten Jacob , Ramírez Agüero Felicia , Sibelet Nicole
Published: June 2020

En esta investigación se analizaron las causas sociales, ambientales y económicas que inciden en la pérdida de agrobiodiversidad de las chagras del pueblo indígena Inga en la Amazonía colombiana. Se usó una metodología cualitativa basada en entrevistas semiestructuradas, grupos focales y asambleas para validación de información. Los resultados muestran que la pérdida de la agrobiodiversidad se debe principalmente a cambios en los paradigmas de consumo y relación con el territorio; así mismo, al auge de los cultivos de coca (Erythroxylum coca) en la región, la economía cocalera y las fumigaciones aéreas con glifosato para su erradicación; a los cambios en la transmisión de los conocimientos tradicionales, proyectos externos que no tuvieron en cuenta las condiciones culturales de los resguardos; a los procesos de migración y a las pocas posibilidades de comercio de los productos de la chagra.
Chonon Bensho namabo: Los sueños y la epistemología visionaria del pueblo indígena shipibo-konibo
Authors: Favaron Pedro Martín , Bensho Chonon
Published: June 2020

El pueblo shipibo-konibo es uno de los más numerosos de la Amazonía peruana. Pertenece a la familia lingüística pano y se asienta, principalmente, en las riberas del río Ucayali y del río Pisqui. El presente trabajo plantea la necesidad de investigar al pueblo shipibo-konibo desde adentro de sus propias racionalidades, sin imponer categorías eurocéntricas y planteando un modo de escritura académica intercultural que permita a los saberes indígenas expresarse sin perder su temperamento poético y narrativo. Se plantea que el sueño es considerado por los médicos tradicionales Onanya como una herramienta epistemológicamente válida para acceder a los sueños. Además, permite al médico vincularse con sus antepasados y recibir su fuerza espiritual. La memoria ancestral no es un archivo cerrado, clausurado, que revisamos con un interés arqueológico o museístico; por el contrario, es algo dinámico, que se actualiza en nuestros sueños y sigue respondiendo a las inquietudes de nuestro presente.
Livia Raponi (Org). (2016) A única vida possível. Itinerários de Ermanno Stradelli na Amazônia
Authors: Cabrera Becerra Gabriel
Published: June 2020

São Paulo: Editora Unesp. 256 p. ISBN: 978-8539-306-45-9
Autonomía, mecanización y guerra: la trama del oro en el pacífico colombiano
Authors: Galindo Orrego Maria Isabel , Rasmussen Sabina , Valencia Inge Helena
Published: June 2020

El presente artículo busca destacar la agencia multidimensional del oro en diferentes aspectos de la historia de la región Pacífico y de sus habitantes, tanto humanos como no-humanos. A través de las reflexiones que surgen de un breve recorrido histórico sobre el Pacífico y del trabajo etnográfico realizado en los ríos Quito y Guapi, problematizamos la relación entre los habitantes de la región y el oro. Nuestra tesis es que en la actualidad el oro ha perdido su carácter multidimensional (imán de la conquista de territorios de difícil acceso en el período colonial, dinamizador de la esclavitud, medio para que las personas esclavizadas pudieran adquirir su libertad y complemento económico de las actividades de subsistencia), para tornarse en un vehículo de devastadora explotación, tanto para humanos como para no-humanos, en un contexto de conflicto armado y de mecanización de la actividad minera, que profundiza sus rasgos destructivos asociados a la muerte y el despojo.
Existential Graphs on nonplanar surfaces
Authors: Oostra Arnold
Published: June 2020

Existential graphs on the plane constitute a two-dimensional representation of classical logic, in which a Jordan curve stands for the negation of its inside. In this paper we propose a program to develop existential Alpha graphs, which correspond to propositional logic, on various surfaces. The geometry of each manifold determines the possible Jordan curves on it, leading to diverse interpretations of negation. This may open a way for appointing a "natural" logic to any surface.
Caracterización organoléptica, nutricional, microbiológica y digestibilidad in vitro de ensilados con diferentes niveles de inclusión de desperdicios de alimentos
Authors: Ramírez Navarro V. M. , Peñuela Sierra L. M. , Garcia Saavedra Y. M. , Pérez Rubio M.
Published: June 2020

Objetivo.Caracterizar organoléptica, nutricional, microbiológica y digestibilidad in vitro de ensilados de desperdicios de alimentos recolectados en un restaurante de un centro estudios técnicos y tecnológicos con subproductos de cosecha. Metodología. Se realizó un análisis organoléptico, microbiológico, proximal de la composición, y digestibilidad in vitro de ensilajes con diferentes niveles de inclusión de desperdicios de alimentos Resultados. Se evidencia características de olor, color y textura óptimas para su palatabilidad, valores nutricionales favorables para el 30, 35 y 40% de inclusión de desperdicios, bajos promedios de proteína, pero con niveles de energía superiores a los del maíz, sorgo y soya.  La Digestibilidad in vitro de la Materia Seca (DIVMS) fue mejor para el 35% de inclusión. Así mismo las Unidades Formadoras de Colonias UFC/g para el día 21 fue 1 x101 (Escherichia coli), que se ajusta a las normas para alimentos de animales. Conclusiones. La utilización de ensilados con un 35% de inclusión de desperdicios de alimento puede ser una importante herramienta de suplementación para la alimentación porcina.
Similarities among small watercourses based on multiparameter physico-chemical measurements
Authors: Kardos Máté Krisztián , Clement Adrienne
Published: June 2020

With the introduction of the Water Framework Directive, the relative importance of smaller waterways increased. This statement is particularly true for Hungary, where water-quality monitoring of most smaller rivers only began 12 years ago. Due to their large number, and the lack of historical data concerning their state, systematic monitoring is a challenge.

In the current study, 101 creeks are characterized on the one hand by 13 physico-chemical quality parameters (pH, electric conductivity, chloride ion concentration, dissolved oxygen, oxygen saturation, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, ammonium nitrogen, total inorganic nitrogen, total nitrogen, orthophosphate and total phosphorus), on the other hand by their watershed's relief, land use, and point sources' pollution indicators. Euclidean distance between water bodies (henceforth WBs) is calculated according to normalized physico-chemical monitoring values. They are grouped into clusters using the hierarchical clustering method. Watershed characteristics are used to explain the clustering via linear discriminant analysis.

The investigation revealed that the main driver of cluster group creation is related to human impact: diffuse agricultural and point-source pollution. The first of the three clusters involved water bodies with low or no human impact; the second cluster contained those with medium-level anthropogenic disturbance, while waters with high pollution values formed the third cluster. Mean distance between heavily polluted waters was 1.5 times higher than that between those showing no or low disturbance, meaning that pristine waters are more similar to one another than polluted ones. The current number of samples per river is twice as high in cluster 1 as in cluster 3, revealing that there is room for optimization of the monitoring system. This contribution uses Hungary as a case study.
Starten på et norsk teater
Authors: Engedal Tina Horrisland
Published: June 2020

Ved åpningen av det første norske teateret i Bergen i 1850 markeres starten på en norsk spilltradisjon som vårt moderne tids teater bygger på. Denne artikkelen tar for seg skuespillerkunstens utvikling i Bergen på slutten av 1800-tallet, for å få en forståelse av hvordan teateret og skuespillerkunsten var de første tiårene etter etableringen av Det Norske Theater og Den Nationale Scene, og vil redegjøre for utviklingen av realismen som stilideal i skuespillerkunsten i Norge. 

Skuespillerkunstens utvikling i løpet av siste halvdel av 1800-tallet kan ses i sammenheng med samtidsdramatikken, særlig Ibsen og Bjørnsons borgerlige dramaer. I tillegg sto skuespillerkunsten i en praktisk tradisjon, og skuespillerens rom for utvikling må ses i sammenheng med dette. Uten en teoretisk skolering må arbeidet skje i samarbeid med andre skuespillere og instruktør. Noen instruktører blir særs viktig i perioden, og disse trekkes frem i artikkelen. Utviklingen i skuespillerkunsten skjer i skuespillerens søken etter å formidle teksten på en kunstnerisk og samtidig virkelighetsnær måte.
Attentive User-Engaged Adversarial Neural Network for Community Question Answering
Authors: Xie Yuexiang , Shen Ying , Li Yaliang , Yang Min , Lei Kai
Published: June 2020

We study the community question answering (CQA) problem that emerges with the advent of numerous community forums in the recent past. The task of finding appropriate answers to questions from informative but noisy crowdsourced answers is important yet challenging in practice. We present an Attentive User-engaged Adversarial Neural Network (AUANN), which interactively learns the context information of questions and answers, and enhances user engagement with the CQA task. A novel attentive mechanism is incorporated to model the semantic internal and external relations among questions, answers and user contexts. To handle the noise issue caused by introducing user context, we design a two-step denoise mechanism, including a coarse-grained selection process by similarity measurement, and a fine-grained selection process by applying an adversarial training module. We evaluate the proposed method on large-scale real-world datasets SemEval-2016 and SemEval-2017. Experimental results verify the benefits of incorporating user information, and show that our proposed model significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
Improving Domain-Adapted Sentiment Classification by Deep Adversarial Mutual Learning
Authors: Xue Qianming , Zhang Wei , Zha Hongyuan
Published: June 2020

Domain-adapted sentiment classification refers to training on a labeled source domain to well infer document-level sentiment on an unlabeled target domain. Most existing relevant models involve a feature extractor and a sentiment classifier, where the feature extractor works towards learning domain-invariant features from both domains, and the sentiment classifier is trained only on the source domain to guide the feature extractor. As such, they lack a mechanism to use sentiment polarity lying in the target domain. To improve domain-adapted sentiment classification by learning sentiment from the target domain as well, we devise a novel deep adversarial mutual learning approach involving two groups of feature extractors, domain discriminators, sentiment classifiers, and label probers. The domain discriminators enable the feature extractors to obtain domain-invariant features. Meanwhile, the label prober in each group explores document sentiment polarity of the target domain through the sentiment prediction generated by the classifier in the peer group, and guides the learning of the feature extractor in its own group. The proposed approach achieves the mutual learning of the two groups in an end-to-end manner. Experiments on multiple public datasets indicate our method obtains the state-of-the-art performance, validating the effectiveness of mutual learning through label probers.
Towards Making the Most of BERT in Neural Machine Translation
Authors: Yang Jiacheng , Wang Mingxuan , Zhou Hao , Zhao Chengqi , Zhang Weinan , Yu Yong , Li Lei
Published: June 2020

GPT-2 and BERT demonstrate the effectiveness of using pre-trained language models (LMs) on various natural language processing tasks. However, LM fine-tuning often suffers from catastrophic forgetting when applied to resource-rich tasks. In this work, we introduce a concerted training framework (CTnmt) that is the key to integrate the pre-trained LMs to neural machine translation (NMT). Our proposed CTnmt} consists of three techniques: a) asymptotic distillation to ensure that the NMT model can retain the previous pre-trained knowledge; b) a dynamic switching gate to avoid catastrophic forgetting of pre-trained knowledge; and c) a strategy to adjust the learning paces according to a scheduled policy. Our experiments in machine translation show CTnmt gains of up to 3 BLEU score on the WMT14 English-German language pair which even surpasses the previous state-of-the-art pre-training aided NMT by 1.4 BLEU score. While for the large WMT14 English-French task with 40 millions of sentence-pairs, our base model still significantly improves upon the state-of-the-art Transformer big model by more than 1 BLEU score.
Generalize Sentence Representation with Self-Inference
Authors: Yang Kai-Chou , Kao Hung-Yu
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we propose Self Inference Neural Network (SINN), a simple yet efficient sentence encoder which leverages knowledge from recurrent and convolutional neural networks. SINN gathers semantic evidence in an interaction space which is subsequently fused by a shared vector gate to determine the most relevant mixture of contextual information. We evaluate the proposed method on four benchmarks among three NLP tasks. Experimental results demonstrate that our model sets a new state-of-the-art on MultiNLI, Scitail and is competitive on the remaining two datasets over all sentence encoding methods. The encoding and inference process in our model is highly interpretable. Through visualizations of the fusion component, we open the black box of our network and explore the applicability of the base encoding methods case by case.
Be Relevant, Non-Redundant, and Timely: Deep Reinforcement Learning for Real-Time Event Summarization
Authors: Yang Min , Li Chengming , Sun Fei , Zhao Zhou , Shen Ying , Wu Chenglin
Published: June 2020

Real-time event summarization is an essential task in natural language processing and information retrieval areas. Despite the progress of previous work, generating relevant, non-redundant, and timely event summaries remains challenging in practice. In this paper, we propose a Deep Reinforcement learning framework for real-time Event Summarization (DRES), which shows promising performance for resolving all three challenges (i.e., relevance, non-redundancy, timeliness) in a unified framework. Specifically, we (i) devise a hierarchical cross-attention network with intra- and inter-document attentions to integrate important semantic features within and between the query and input document for better text matching. In addition, relevance prediction is leveraged as an auxiliary task to strengthen the document modeling and help to extract relevant documents; (ii) propose a multi-topic dynamic memory network to capture the sequential patterns of different topics belonging to the event of interest and temporally memorize the input facts from the evolving document stream, avoiding extracting redundant information at each time step; (iii) consider both historical dependencies and future uncertainty of the document stream for generating relevant and timely summaries by exploiting the reinforcement learning technique. Experimental results on two real-world datasets have demonstrated the advantages of DRES model with significant improvement in generating relevant, non-redundant, and timely event summaries against the state-of-the-arts.
Briefing: A framework for integrating health, safety and well-being into labour-only procurement
Authors: Umeokafor Nnedinma , Windapo Abimbola , Olatunji Oluwole
Published: June 2020

The attributes of a successful project are well-documented in the literature, including the roles of health and safety in procurement. However, integrating health and safety strategies into a labour-only procurement system (LoPS) has remained a challenge in practice and has received only a little attention in research. This study proposes measurable strategies for integrating health, safety and well-being (HS&W) into LoPS, towards improving productivity and project outcomes. The study emphasises that HS&W will improve in LoPS projects relative to contractors’ self-regulation of their HS&W culture. In addition, HS&W benefits LoPS when project stakeholders collaborate seamlessly and deploy integrated tools that support HS&W. This also includes optimising shared decision protocols involving project owners and contractors regarding materials and subcontractor selection, whereby HS&W is a critical decision parameter. Through the framework proposed in this study, stakeholders and future studies should be able to improve their understanding of the cost of HS&W and the social benefits of LoPS, particularly to developing economies around the world.
Generation and Sonication of α-synuclein Fibrils v1
Authors: Singh Vijay , Castellana-Cruz Marta , Cremades Nunilo , Volpicelli-Daley Laura
Published: June 2020

Animal models that accurately recapitulate the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) inclusions, progressive neurodegeneration of the nigrostriatal system and motor deficits can be useful tools for Parkinson's disease (PD) research. The preformed fibril (PFF) synucleinopathy model in rodents generally displays these PD-relevant features, however, the magnitude and predictability of these events is far from established. We therefore have optimized the synthesis generation of α-syn fibrils to ensure reliable, robust results. These fibrils can be added to neurons in culture, differentiated iPSCs, or injected into mice or rats. The protocol includes steps for fibril synthesis as well as sonication for fibril fragmentaion which is a critical step for inducing formation of α-syn inclusions.
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION USING FUZZY GRA AND FUZZY ENTROPY METHODS: WHOLESALE AND RETAIL INDUSTRY
Authors: SARSOUR Nada , DAĞLI Hüseyin , PERÇİN Selçuk
Published: June 2020

Financial evaluation is the starting point for making business plan and strategy, therefore, this study aimed mainly to present an effective approach to evaluate the financial performance of the BIST Wholesale and Retail Industry firms listed on Istanbul Stock Exchange over the period of 2015-2018. The Fuzzy Grey Rational Analysis (GRA) method is used to evaluate financial performance of different alternatives considering the distances between fuzzy sets based on the grey and fuzzy theory. While, Fuzzy Entropy method is used to determine the relative importance of 15 financial criteria (ratios). Based on a comprehensive financial evaluation framework the study ranks the financial performance of the 17 wholesale and retail trade index firms and shows that MIPAZ firm has the best relative financial performance. Moreover, net profit margin ratio has the highest relative importance indicator for evaluating financial performance. A sensitivity analysis is presented for confirming validity of the proposed model, in addition to a comparison between fuzzy GRA and GRA is demonstrated to test the reliability of the proposed model.
Evaluación de las isotermas de sorción de granos y harina de kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus)
Authors: Choque-Quispe David , Ligarda-Samanez Carlos A. , Ramos-Pacheco Betsy S. , Taipe-Pardo Fredy , Peralta-Guevara Diego E. , Solano Reynoso Aydeé M.
Published: June 2020

El objetivo principal fue evaluar las isotermas de sorción de granos y harina de kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus) de las variedades Oscar Blanco, Noel Vietmeyer y CICA, se utilizó el método estático gravimétrico para intervalos de humedad relativa de 10 a 90% a temperaturas de 18, 20, 25 y 30 °C. Se estudiaron 11 modelos matemáticos y se modelaron a datos experimentales a través de RNL tomando como criterio de convergencia el coeficiente de correlación R2 y el error medio relativo %E, así el modelo de Adam y Shove presentó mejor ajuste para los granos de kiwicha, mientras que para la harina fue el modelo de Peleg. Asimismo, se observó que la temperatura de almacenamiento influye significativamente (p-value<0,05) en la humedad de equilibrio (Xe) de los granos y harina de kiwicha. El calor isostérico de adsorción oscila entre 6,340 a 0,235 KJ/g para humedades de 0,06 a 0,15 g de agua/g m.s. para los granos de la variedad Oscar Blanco, para la variedad Noel Vietmeyer oscila entre 2,556 a 0,518 KJ/gpara humedades de 0,04 a 0,12 g de agua/g m.s., y para el grano CICA de 4,645 a 0,176 KJ/g para humedades de 0,06 a 0,14 g de agua/g m.s, en tanto que para la harina de la variedad Oscar Blanco se encuentra entre 32,028 a 1,99 KJ/g para humedades de 0,05 a 0,12 g de agua/g m.s., y para la variedad Noel Vietmeyer de 26,992 a 0,648 KJ/g para humedades de 0,06 a 0,20 g de agua/g m.s.
SRPX2 promotes cell proliferation and invasion via activating FAK/SRC/ERK pathway in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Li Xiujuan , Liu Jing , Sun Hong , Zou Yong , Chen Juan , Chen Yichun , Chen Cheng , Wu Xuan
Published: June 2020

Background: Recent studies showed that sushi repeat containing protein X linked 2 (SRPX2) could participate in the development of various malignant tumors. However, its role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was unknown. The aim of the study was to prospectively investigate the role of SRPX2 in NSCLC cell proliferation, migration and invasion and reveal the underlying mechanism. Material and methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot and immunohistochemistry – IHC) were used to measure detect the mRNA and protein levels, respectively, in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, wound healing and transwell assays were utilized to assess cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In vivo subcutaneous xenograft tumor model was established to detect the tumorigenic function of SRPX2, and IHC assay was performed to measure protein expression. Results: SRPX2 expression was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines, and positively correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and clinical stage. High SRPX2 expression also predicted poor prognosis. In vitro experiments indicated that overexpression of SRPX2 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of SPC-A1 cells while knockdown of SRPX2 caused the opposite effects in A549 cells. Specifically, SRPX2 activated FAK/SRC/ERK pathway and its downstream effectors and promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Conclusion: Taken together, our findings revealed a functional role of SRPX2 in NSCLC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The underlying mechanism was, at least partially, the activation of FAK/SRC/ERK pathway. This study provides the molecular basis for targeting SRPX2 in potential clinical application for NSCLC.
LEXICON BORROWINGS FROM ARABIC IN SUNDANESE SPEECH LEVEL SYSTEM
Authors: Wahya  , Hazbini
Published: June 2020

Purpose of the study: This article examines a lexicon of Arabic borrowings used in the Sundanese speech level system. A lexicon of borrowed words refers to a lexicon of Arabic loanwords that are used across different speech level codes. A lexicon of borrowings consists of words from a donor language that have been adopted into a recipient language for certain purposes. Methodology: In this descriptive and qualitative research, the data were collected utilizing the observation method and recording technique. The data for this descriptive-qualitative research were collected using observing the use of words prescribed in a Sundanese dictionary namely Kamus Undak Usuk Basa Sunda (Dictionary of Sundanese Speech Level) by Tamsyah, published in 2015 and Kamus Etimologi Basa Sunda (Dictionary of Sundanese Etymology) also by Tamsyah, published in 2017. The data were analyzed by using an identical method and a lexico-semantic approach. The sources of the data were chosen as data source samples by taking into account the availability of the data required in them. Main Findings: The findings of the research study reveals that a lexicon of nineteen words borrowed from Arabic commonly used in coarse, middle, and refined codes, with coarse usage predominating. While some of these words retain a similar form to that of the original Arabic, others have transformed. The nineteen words are as follows: asal, makam, berekah, Abdi, alim, udur, hed, Kabar, hawatir, maksud, maot, mayit, lahir, saum, sabab, salat, sunatan, surat, and umur. Applications of the study: Introduction of Arabic lexicon to the Sundanese speech system occurred through a process of the loan. While some of these words retain a similar form to that of the original Arabic, others have transformed. It is a transformation that causes the words to be used in different codes in the Sundanese speech level system. Novelty/Originality of the study: In Sundanese, speech level is considered a sociolinguistic innovation. Both the written and spoken forms of the language, together with all their variations and functions, are vital amidst the daily dynamics of the Sundanese people’s life. Hence, this article discusses the use of the lexicon of Arabic borrowings across different codes of the Sundanese speech level system. The current study is novel as it’s the first study that compares the Arabic and Sundanese language and found out the words that are originated from Arabic.