bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Porous Coke by Microwave Pyrolysis of Oily Sludge: Optimization Through Response Surface Methodology and TG-FTIR Analysis
Authors: Li Wenxuan , Ma Xiupeng , Leng Xiaoyan , Hou Yingfei
Published: May 2022

Oily sludge (OS) is a kind of solid waste with precious oil resources in the petroleum industry. Because OS poses a severe threat to the environment, the treatment of OS has been widely studied. In this work, OS was used to prepare porous sludge coke a through microwave pyrolysis and one-step ZnCl2 activation technique. The response surface methodology was designed to optimize the parameters of the preparation process of porous sludge coke, and the interaction between the parameters was further analyzed. The experimental result showed that the model could fit the experimental results well. The optimal iodine adsorption value of porous sludge coke, 785.23 mg/g, was obtained by using the response surface methodology when the microwave power was 797 W, the ZnCl2 addition ratio was 0.5, and the pyrolysis time was 25 min. The experimental result showed that the model could fit the experimental results well. The influence of ZnCl2 on the pyrolysis of OS was investigated through TG-FTIR. The results showed that the presence of ZnCl2 could prevent the fracture of C-H bond, reduce the rate of carbon source loss caused by the fracture of long-chain hydrocarbons to produce short-chain hydrocarbons in OS, and enrich the carbon source of sludge coke. On the other hand, the molten ZnCl2 occupied the tiny pores when the oil components in the OS volatilized, which can enrich the pore volume of the sludge coke.
Preparation of Co-Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride and Degradation of MB by Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton-like Reaction System
Authors: Niu De-Li , Bao Kai , Huang Xuan-Ye , Bai Mao-Juan , Wan Jun
Published: May 2022

In this study, Co-porous-g-C3N4(porous Co-Doped graphitic carbon nitride) was synthesized by a one-step calcination method successfully. Co-porous-g-C3N4 was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-vis diffuse reflectance, and specific surface area determination. The Photo- Fenton-like system was successfully constructed under the condition of coexistence of Co-porous-g-C3N4 and H2O2. The synergistic effect of Fenton-like system and photo-catalysis was realized. Through the optimization of experimental conditions, the best photocatalytic performance of this heterogeneous reaction system was achieved. The degradation rate of MB (methylene blue, 40 mg/L) could reach 98.3% at 90 min. Co-porous-g-C3N4 had photocatalytic degradation activity for different organic pollutants and had wonderful recyclability and stability. The main degradation effect was attributed to �O2- which could be generated through two channels in the Photo- Fenton-like system. Moreover, the rate of photogenerated electron-hole complexation could be decreased due to the reaction of low-valent cobalt and photoelectrons in this heterogeneous reaction system.
Effect of the combination of mexidol and diclofenac sodium on exudative inflammation in rats after ten-day preventive oral administration
Authors: Ivanova E. A. , Vasilchuk A. G. , Matyushkin A. I. , Voronina T. A.
Published: May 2022

In rats with carrageenan-induced paw edema, diclofenac sodium significantly reduces exudation after ten-day preventive oral administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg but not 5 mg/kg. Mexidol at a dose of 100 mg/kg in combination with diclofenac sodium at a dose of 5 mg/kg (preventively orally, during 10 days, once a day) reduces paw edema during the first two out of four hours of its recording compared with the control group. However, ten-day preventive oral administration of mexidol at a dose of 100 mg/kg (once a day) increases the severity of carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats at four hours after the injection of the phlogogen.
Selank effects on morphine-induced analgesia in vivo experiments
Authors: Nadorova A. V. , Chernyakova I. V. , Kolik L. G.
Published: May 2022

Background. The endogenous opioid system is involved in neuroadaptation produced by exogenous opioids. Synthesized on the basis of the regulatory peptide tuftsin, the anxiolytic selank inhibits the activity of enkephalin-degrading enzymes, increasing the level of leu-enkephalins in blood plasma.   The aim of the work was to evaluate the effect of selank (0,3 and 0,9 mg/kg, i. p.) on morphine-induced analgesia in animal models. Methods. The experiments were performed in inbred male mice C57Bl/6 (n = 77). The “hot plate” test was used to evaluate the analgesic effect during thermal stimulation of nociceptors when mice were placed on a metal plate heated to 55 ± 0,5 °C, followed by registration of the latent period of the reaction 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after the administration of morphine.

   Results. Morphine at a dose of 3,0 mg/kg, i. p., caused antinociception with the maximum possible effect (MBE) of 9 %, selank at a dose of 0,9 mg/kg, without antinociception per se, when pretreated with the morphine, increased the latent reaction time, causing antinociception of 29,9 % MBE.

   Conclusion. For the first time the data obtained on the synergistic effect of selank and morphine in attenuation of acute somatic pain.
Application of the AlphaScreen and AlphaLisa method in drug development and pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Mukhametshina R. T. , Kopein S. D. , Simonov V. M.
Published: May 2022

Drug development requires high-tech, simple, and sensitive methods. AlphaLISA method was announced as a universal method that would fit the listed criteria. However, research of other works on the pharmacokinetics of drugs related to this method showed a small number of pharmacokinetic studies in clinical trials. In this review, we focused on not only the positive aspects of the Alpha method, but also its disadvantages.
Noopept protects ciliates Paramecium сaudatum cells from the toxic effects of heavy metal compounds
Authors: Karpukhina O. V. , Povarnina P. Yu. , Inozemtsev A. N.
Published: May 2022

Background. The dipeptide drug Noopept, created at the Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology, has a wide range of pharmacological actions, including cytoprotective one. In connection with the increasing pollution of the environment, it is urgent to identify the protective properties of drugs with a negative effect of heavy metal compounds on the live system.

   The aim of the present study was to investigate the cytoprotective effects of Noopept under toxicity induced by heavy metal compounds using ciliates Paramecium caudatum as a test object.

   Methods. The ciliates Paramecium caudatum were exposed to 4 salts of heavy metals: cadmium chloride, lead acetate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, as well as nanoparticles of copper oxide and zinc oxide. Noopept was added to the medium with the experimental cells 30 min before the introduction of damaging agents, at concentrations of 0.01–10 μM. Results. It was found that the presence of metal salts in the medium significantly reduced the number Paramecium сaudatum cells, depending on the time of exposure. Noopept at all studied concentrations reduced cell death, while the maximum intensity of the effect was observed at a concentration of 1 μM.

   Conclusions. The results obtained make it possible to supplement data on the wide spectrum of Noopept's action.
The Effect of Non-material Incentive Motivation and Organizational Culture on Employee Job Satisfaction and Their Impact on Organizational Performance of the Communication, Information, and Encryption Office in Aceh Selatan District
Authors: Razak Abdul , Nurdasila  , Ilhamsyah Putra Teuku Roli
Published: May 2022

This research intends to examine the effect of non-material incentive motivation and organizational culture on employee job satisfaction and its impact on the organizational performance of Aceh Selatan Communication, Information, and Encryption (Diskominfo Aceh Selatan) Office. The population was all civil servants and temporary employees in the office, totaling 102 people. Because the population members were relatively small, the sample taken in this research used the census method. The research model was analyzed using the SEM-AMOS. The results show that the descriptive hypothesis testing (H1) prove that all the variables used in this research are good; the direct hypothesis testing prove that non-material incentive motivation and organizational culture affect employee job satisfaction, and Non-material incentive motivation, organizational culture, and job satisfaction affect the performance of Diskominfo Aceh Selatan; and the indirect hypothesis testing proves that job satisfaction mediates the influence of non-material incentive motivation and organizational culture on the performance of the Diskominfo Aceh Selatan. In this tested model, it's also proven that job satisfaction mediates partially for these two indirect effects. So it has been confirmed that the model for improving the performance of the Aceh Selatan Diskominfo is a function of increasing non-material incentive motivation, strengthening culture, and increasing job satisfaction of its employees.
An Assessment of the Link between Youth Unemployment and Crime in Obudu Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria: Fixing the Hinges
Authors: Akan  , Akpanke Kevin , Egbo  , Amaechi Ken , Owoseni  , Sina Joseph , Oriabure Ojiezele Monday
Published: May 2022

Youth unemployment is one of the many problems confronting the globe. Every continent of the world is faced with youth unemployment challenges but this situation seems to be worst in developing countries where Africa and Nigeria is part of this ugly situation is catastrophic and destructive to our youth as well as the society in the present and in the future. This is because of its tendency to induced deviant and criminal behaviour. This study bothers itself with an assessment of the link between youth unemployment and crime in Obudu Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria: fixing the hinges. It adopted the Anomie theory, propounded by Robert Merton (1957) and Robert Agnew (1992) strain theory to explain the problem of youth unemployment. The study employed survey design and adopt quantitative (questionnaires) and qualitative (Key Informant Information) techniques of data collection. The completed questionnaires were subjected to analysis using Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to generate a table of frequencies and percentages. The generated and analyzed data were interpreted in relation to Youth unemployment and crime in Obudu Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria: fixing the hinges. The findings revealed a connection between youth unemployment and crime. It was concluded that unemployment is capable of pushing the idle and jobless youths into deviant and criminal behaviour. The work recommends an all hand on deck immediate approach to contend the hydra-headed problems of youth unemployment and crime in Nigeria.
The Problem of Universals: Contrasting Plato’s Metaphysical Realism with David Lewis’ Class Nominalism
Authors: T. Ekong Rev. Fr. Joseph
Published: May 2022

In this paper, my aim is to discuss the problem of universals, based on some relevant works of Plato and David Lewis. Using a critical, analytic approach, I shall opt for Plato’s Metaphysical realism, and then argue that despite the seeming persuasiveness of the nominalist (David Lewis’) perspective, there are still substantive reasons to reject it, given its inadequacy both in grounding our epistemic claims, and in giving an account of how we come to know whatever we may know. My conclusion will consist in asking the class nominalist to reconsider, and possibly revise his presuppositions, conceptual schemes and discursive framework, in order to contribute more constructively, to the discussion on the problem of universals.
Harnessing the Pedagogy of Critical (Judicious) and Creative (Productive) Thinking for Nation-Building
Authors: t. Ekong, Rev. Fr. Joseph
Published: May 2022

Although critical and creative thinking are complementary, rather than orthogonal, the results of most researches reveal more of the efforts to compare the respective benefits of each of these thinking methods, rather than focus on the combined benefits of both. In this work, adopting a synthetic, analytic and critical methodology, I set out to explore the synergy that exists between them, using some instances in the history of philosophy to show how that synergy can also be deployed for nation-building. Using Nigeria, as a hypothetical case, this work argues that we can do better than we are currently doing, if the skills and values of critical and creative thinking are emphasized in our National Policy on Education, put into use by teachers, and allowed to guide our decision-making processes, in different areas of national life
Automatisiertes Nesting in additiven Prozessketten/Production planning and control for additive series production – Automated Nesting in additive process chains
Authors: Meister Frederic , Mück Jochen , Hohmann Andrea , Seidel Christian
Published: May 2022

Im Vergleich zur konventionellen Fertigung ist der schichtweise Bauteilaufbau der additiven Fertigung durch eine höhere Flexibilität gekennzeichnet. Die auch als 3D-Druck bezeichneten additiven Fertigungsverfahren erlauben die Herstellung mehrerer unterschiedlicher Komponenten in einem Bau- beziehungsweise Druckvorgang. Im Rahmen der Produktionsplanung und -steuerung gilt es daher, eine ressourcenoptimierte Zusammenstellung für die Bauvorgänge zu ermitteln.

 

Compared to conventional manufacturing, the layer-upon-layer principle of additive manufacturing is characterized by greater flexibility. The additive manufacturing processes, also known as 3-D printing, enable the production of several different components in a single printing process. In the context of production planning and control, it is therefore necessary to determine a resource-optimized composition for the build processes.
Green Factories: Ein Ordnungsrahmen als Wegweiser/Green-Factories: A framework of recommended actions – How the drive for enhanced sustainability is changing factory planning
Authors: Burggräf Peter , Adlon Tobias , Salzwedel Jan , Ebade Esfahani Matthias , Weiler Christian , Paßlick Felix
Published: May 2022

Zukünftig steigende CO2-Preise bedingen eine stärkere Verknüpfung ökonomischer und ökologischer Ressourceneffizienz. Einer entsprechenden Gestaltung der Produktionsstätten von Industrieunternehmen kommt daher eine Schlüsselrolle zu. Der Beitrag skizziert in zwei Teilen einen Ordnungsrahmen für Green Factories auf verschiedenen Hierarchie- und Funktionsebenen. Abschließend werden die Folgen einer zukünftig zunehmenden Relevanz der Thematik für die Fabrikplanung sowie aufgeworfene Forschungsfragen diskutiert.

 

Future CO2 prices on the rise require to better link economic and ecological resource efficiency. A key role plays the appropriate design of production facilities of industrial companies. In two separate parts, this paper outlines a framework for green factories at different hierarchical and functional levels. The article concludes with discussing the consequences of the increasing relevance of green factory planning and the research questions raised.
The verb–self link: An implicit association test study
Authors: Weis Patrick P. , Nikadon Jan , Herbert Cornelia , Formanowicz Magdalena
Published: May 2022

Agency is defined as the ability to assign and pursue goals. Given people’s focus on achieving their own goals, agency has been found to be strongly linked to the self. In two studies (N= 168), we examined whether this self–agency link is visible from a linguistic perspective. As the preferred grammatical category to convey agency is verbs, we hypothesize that, in the Implicit Association Test (IAT), verbs (vs. nouns) would be associated more strongly with the self (vs. others). Our results confirmed this hypothesis. Participants exhibited particularly fast responses when reading self-related stimuli (e.g., “me” or “my”) and verb stimuli (e.g., “deflect” or “contemplate”) both necessitated pressing an identical rather than different response keys in the IAT (d= .25). The finding connects two streams of literature—on the link between agency and verbs and on the link between self and agency—suggesting a triad between self, agency, and verbs. We argue that this verb–self link (1) opens up new perspectives for understanding linguistic expressions of agency and (2) expands our understanding of how word choice impacts socio-cognitive processing.
Procedimientos metodológicos en la investigación del razonamiento matemático de estudiantes cuando resuelven tareas exploratorias
Authors: Gonçalves Carneiro Luís Felipe , Oliveira Araman Eliane Maria de , Trevisan André Luis
Published: May 2022

Considerando que varios autores enfatizan la importancia del desarrollo del razonamiento matemático, que documentos curriculares nacionales recientes atribuyen importancia al tema y que las investigaciones sobre el mismo son aún incipientes en Brasil, nos propusimos como objetivo discutir aspectos metodológicos en las investigaciones que tenemos desarrollado sobre este tema. Adoptando supuestos de investigación basada en el diseño (DBR), describimos los procedimientos metodológicos que hemos considerado al investigar cuestiones sobre el razonamiento matemático, a saber: la definición de contexto; la elección de tareas exploratorias; la elaboración de marcos de análisis; la recopilación de datos; y análisis de datos. Como resultado, se presentan los procedimientos metodológicos para el análisis de los datos recolectados en la aplicación de dos tareas exploratorias. En el caso de la primera tarea, el foco está en los procedimientos de análisis de los procesos de razonamiento matemático que movilizan los estudiantes de 7° grado cuando lo resuelven. En el segundo, se presentan procedimientos para analizar las acciones del docente que contribuyen a la movilización de estos procesos.
La inteligencia artificial en el contexto de la educación: el análisis de sus avances a partir de perspectivas teórico – filosóficas y de procesos educativos
Authors: Souza e Silva Sônia de , Martins Stavny Fabiola , Kalinke Marco Aurélio
Published: May 2022

En este trabajo se proponen reflexiones teóricas sobre la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) a partir de las perspectivas educativas y teórico-filosóficas. Estas perspectivas, en líneas generales, pueden delinear condiciones de posibilidad y caminos a través de los cuales el uso de la IA puede causar impactos y proporcionar transformaciones que se relacionan con la sociedad de la información contemporánea. El objetivo es buscar comprensiones relativas sobre los posibles avances de la IA en los procesos educativos. La pregunta que se quiere responder es: ¿Cuáles son las bases teórica-filosóficas para incluir la IA en los procesos educativos? La propuesta metodológica fue inspirada en el enfoque cualitativo, de tipo bibliográfica, a partir de un levantamiento y categorización definida por los autores. A partir del análisis de las categorías, buscamos el pensamiento teórico que fundamente los tópicos relacionados a la Inteligencia Artificial. Nuestra prioridad fueron publicaciones sobre la inserción de las tecnologías en la Educación, de la relación de la innovación de soportes de IA con las tecnologías y las posibilidades futuras. Este proceso nos llevó a constatar los diversos sentidos que el término IA adquirió en diferentes áreas y en distintas épocas hasta el período actual, con sus transformaciones y desarrollos. Como conclusiones constatamos que las Tecnologías Digitales ya establecieron nuevas relaciones y comportamientos sociales. De forma inmediata percibimos que iniciativas que envuelven ubicuidad, cognición e interactividad, pueden ser apoyadas por la IA estableciendo condiciones y posibilidades, y determinando un alcance virtual diferente en los procesos de enseñanza y de aprendizaje. Comprendemos que la inserción de herramientas es un proceso social y humano que establece nuevas realidades, orientadas por la necesidad y el contexto de diferentes sociedades.
UNDERSTANDING FACIAL POSTURE AS A MEANS OF EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION: A CASE STUDY IN THE LIGHT OF COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY APPROACH
Authors: Varvatsoulias George
Published: May 2022

This case study is a partial replication of an original experiment by Strack et al. (1988). It examines the understanding of the facial feedback hypothesis. For this experiment, participants were asked to rate the funniness of a cartoon after completing tasks using only their lips or teeth to hold a pen, thereby facilitating a smile or a frown. In addition to that, there have been discussed cognitive-behavioural therapy elements on the presentation of emotions following physical reactions. It was a between-participants design in which respondents were asked to complete a questionnaire in the lips or teeth condition to generate emotional states of physical reaction required to underline cognitive precipitants. In this study, a within-participants correlational design was also conducted between extraversion and altruism to consider the possibility whether these two variables could relate to funniness or not. To test that, participants were asked to rate the humour of a far side cartoon. The results did not confirm the hypothesis that those in the teeth condition rated the cartoon funnier than those in the lips condition meaning that facial reaction does not necessarily imply respective emotional states due to cognitive elements, such as awareness and attention, which posit reason as a more important factor than emotions. Discussion of the results in line with physiological and cognitive aspects and their implications to future research had also been carried out.
MEASURING SPECIFIC TRADITIONAL CHINESE VALUES IN RELATION TO SATISFACTION OF THE FIVE MASLOW NEEDS
Authors: Taormina Robert J. , Gao Jennifer H. , Kuok Angus C.H.
Published: May 2022

To determine whether living according to specific traditional Chinese cultural values was associated with satisfaction of the five needs in Maslow’s motivational hierarchy and overall life satisfaction, a mixed-method approach was employed, with an empirical questionnaire and supplemental interviews. The questionnaire assessed the hypothesized relationships that traditional Chinese values had with personal life outcomes, including health, employment, satisfaction of the five needs from Maslow’s hierarchy, and life satisfaction. The interviews examined the relationships that several demographic variables had with living by traditional Chinese values. The results of the empirical data revealed that most Chinese people today are still living according to the traditional Chinese cultural values, and that living by those traditional values are strongly associated with satisfaction of all five of the human needs in the Maslow hierarchy, as well as with overall life satisfaction. Additionally, the results of the qualitative interviews readily supported the empirical findings, and also revealed that the time during which inter-generational transmission of the Chinese cultural values occurs is when parents teach those values to their children at a very early age, that is, between 3 and 8 years old, before the children start primary school.
Book Review: Ruth Kinna and Clifford Harper, Great Anarchists. London: Dog Section Press. 2020.
Authors: Grizzle Gary
Published: May 2022

In their recent collaboration, Great Anarchists, political theory professor Ruth Kinna and illustrator Clifford Harper provide a testament to the contemporary relevance of late eighteenth through early twentieth century anarchist thought. They do so through their respective depictions of ten individuals who articulated anarchist ideas of one sort or another over the course of their lives. The people depicted in this volume range from those routinely found in mainstream academic treatments of anarchist theory (William Godwin, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Michael Bakunin, and Peter Kropotkin), to those more likely to be found in insider accounts of the history of anarchism (Max Stirner, Louise Michel, Lucy Parsons, Errico Malatesta, and Voltairine De Cleyre), to a literary figure whose relationship to anarchism has frequently gone unnoticed (Oscar Wilde).
The NICER “Reverberation Machine”: A Systematic Study of Time Lags in Black Hole X-Ray Binaries
Authors: Wang Jingyi , Kara Erin , Lucchini Matteo , Ingram Adam , van der Klis Michiel , Mastroserio Guglielmo , García Javier A. , Dauser Thomas , Connors Riley , Fabian Andrew C. , Steiner James F. , Remillard Ron A. , Cackett Edward M. , Uttley Phil , Altamirano Diego
Published: May 2022

We perform the first systematic search of all NICER archival observations of black hole (and candidate) low-mass X-ray binaries for signatures of reverberation. Reverberation lags result from the light travel time difference between the direct coronal emission and the reflected disk component, and therefore their properties are a useful probe of the disk-corona geometry. We detect new signatures of reverberation lags in eight sources, increasing the total sample from three to 11, and study the evolution of reverberation lag properties as the sources evolve in outbursts. We find that in all of the nine sources with more than one reverberation lag detection, the reverberation lags become longer and dominate at lower Fourier frequencies during the hard-to-soft state transition. This result shows that the evolution in reverberation lags is a global property of the state transitions of black hole low-mass X-ray binaries, which is valuable in constraining models of such state transitions. The reverberation lag evolution suggests that the corona is the base of a jet that vertically expands and/or gets ejected during state transition. We also discover that in the hard state, the reverberation lags get shorter, just as the quasiperiodic oscillations (QPOs) move to higher frequencies, but then in the state transition, while the QPOs continue to higher frequencies, the lags get longer. We discuss the implications of the coronal geometry and physical models of QPOs in light of this new finding.
An Intuition for Physicists: Information Gain From Experiments
Authors: Buchner Johannes
Published: May 2022

How much one has learned from an experiment is quantifiable by the information gain, also known as the Kullback–Leibler divergence. The narrowing of the posterior parameter distribution P(θ∣D) compared with the prior parameter distribution π(θ), is quantified in units of bits, as:

D

KL

(
P
∣
π
)
=
∫

log

2

P
(
θ
∣
D
)

π
(
θ
)

P
(
θ
∣
D
)
d
θ
bits

This research note gives an intuition what one bit of information gain means. It corresponds to a Gaussian shrinking its standard deviation by a factor of three.
Fleet efficiency in the Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) fishery in the Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: Parra-Alaniz Julio César , Ramírez-Rodríguez Mauricio
Published: May 2022

The control of the fishing effort and establishment of individual catch quotas has been proposed as a strategy to manage the Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) fishery in the north of the Gulf of California. In this study, the issues related to the efficiency of hake fishing vessels are analyzed. Two different types of vessels, large and small, were identified using the physical characteristics of 53 vessels in a cluster analysis. Using generalized linear models (GLM), efficiency variation (catch per unit of effort CPUE) was assessed with data derived from onboard observations of 74 trips made by 25 vessels and 814 sets from 2015 to 2019. The variables used to determine their contribution to CPUE were years, vessel types, fishing areas, depth strata, and their interactions. The factors year, fishing area, net type, and vessel type explain the interannual variability in the CPUE. The model, which included the interactions, showed 18% of explained deviance and indicated that interactions between year and area and between depth and vessel were significant and contributed the most to the deviance explained by the model. A GLM exhibited 11% of the explained deviance without considering interactions and indicates that large vessels are 1.5 times more efficient than small vessels.
Reproductive cycle of Calamus brachysomus (Teleostei: Sparidae) in the Central Gulf of California, BCS, Mexico
Authors: Veranes-Dip Anabel , Moreno-Sánchez Xchel Gabriel , Abitia-Cárdenas Leonardo Andrés , Villalejo-Fuerte Marcial Trinidad , Irigoyen Arredondo Marina Soledad
Published: May 2022

The Pacific porgy Calamus brachysomus (Lockington, 1880) is exploited for local consumption and commerce in Baja California Sur (BCS). Monthly samples to study its reproductive biology were obtained from the artisanal fishery operating in Santa Rosalía, BCS, Mexico, from July 2015 to July 2016. A total of 265 specimens were analyzed, including 147 females and 118 males. The sexual proportion (1.24F:1M) did not differ from the expected 1:1 proportion (P = 0.08). There were no significant differences between sexes in total length (P = 0.94). Variations in the hepatosomatic index and condition factor indicated that food constituted the main energy source during reproduction, with possible additional use of endogenous reserves originating in the liver during spawning. The gonads histological analysis indicated an asynchronous ovarian development and batch spawning strategy. There were spawning capable females during 11 of the 13 sampled months; the exceptions were February and September, coinciding with minimum and maximum sea surface temperature (SST) values. These results, along with the gonadosomatic index variations, allowed us to conclude that C. brachysomus reproduces over a large part of the year with an activity peak from May to July, in an SST interval of 21 to 28ºC.
First record and distributional extension to Rapa Nui (Easter Island) of the slipper lobster Scyllarides haanii (Crustacea, Decapoda, Scyllaridae)
Authors: Báez Pedro , Araneda Cristián , Burns Ludovic , Navarrete Claudia
Published: May 2022

A male specimen of the Aesop slipper lobster Scyllarides haanii was found in the coastal vicinity of Ahu Tongariki (27°07'33"S, 109°16'37"W), Rapa Nui. Its taxonomic determination was carried out by a detailed morphological examination and a DNA barcoding identification analysis by sequencing the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) gene. S. haanii has a wide geographic distribution with occasional presence from the Indo-Pacific to the Hawaiian Archipelago, including the Red Sea, Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan, Indonesia, Australia, Reunion, and French Polynesia; from 10 to 135 m of depth, preferably on rocky bottoms. This record extends the geographical distribution of S. haanii to Rapa Nui. It increases to five the species number of marine lobsters present on the island: a Palinuridae, Panulirus pascuensis and four Scyllaridae, Parribacus perlatus, Arctides regalis, Scyllarides roggevenni, and now S. haanii. This finding derived from the local initiative Pilotos to promote the sustainable management of coastal species, led by the Rapa Nui Sea Council ("Koro Nui o te Vaikava"), the elected authority in charge of the co-administration of Multiple Uses Marine Protected Area (MUMPA). The specimen will be deposited in the Crustacean Collection of the MNHNCL: accession number in GenBank (MW699539.1).
The use of a flocculant additive and its effect on biofloc formation, nitrification, and zootechnical performance during the culture of Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) in a BFT system
Authors: Xavier Missileny , Wasielesky Júnior Wilson , Hostins Bárbara , Bequé Eva , Krummenauer Dariano
Published: May 2022

Biofloc technology is a culture system that intensively uses microbial communities. Most bacteria can form aggregates around organic or inorganic surfaces. The high adsorption capacity, surface area, and flocculant properties of clay minerals make these compounds good candidates to stimulate biofloc formation, increase bacterial biomass, and improve nitrification. The objective of this study was to evaluate the addition of clay minerals to biofloc formation and its influence on the microbial community, nitrification, and zootechnical performance of Penaeus vannamei cultivated in a biofloc technology system. Experiment 1 involved the following treatments: control (without adding clay minerals), 10, 50, and 100 mg L-1, applied daily in the water. The treatments in experiment 2 were: control without product and inoculum, control without product and with inoculum, 50 mg L-1 clay mineral without inoculum and 50 mg L-1 clay mineral with inoculum. Both experiments with a density of 400 ind m-3. NO2 levels, total suspended solids, turbidity, differed significantly (P < 0.05) between treatments in experiment 1 and zootechnical performance parameters, where higher flocculant concentrations negatively affected these indices. In experiment 2, statistical differences were verified for NH3 and NO2 concentrations and the proximate composition of the bioflocs (P < 0.05), the addition of the inoculum of bioflocs influenced these results. In summary, the addition of clay minerals influenced biofloc formation, proximal composition, and the zootechnical performance of the cultivated shrimp but did not affect the abundance of microorganisms and nitrification.
Stressing stocking density and rearing time effect on whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) reared intensively in floating cages
Authors: Campa-Córdova Ángel I. , Angulo Carlos , Zarain-Herzberg Martha , Pacheco-Marges Rosario , Ascencio Felipe , Guzmán-Murillo María A. , Sánchez-Ortiz Ana C. , Hernández-Llamas Alfredo
Published: May 2022

The stressing effect of stocking density and rearing time was assessed on shrimp Penaeus vannamei reared intensively in floating cages. Juvenile shrimp were stocked in 9 m2 cages at 200, 250, and 300 ind m-2 for a 25-day grow-out period. Total soluble protein concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities were used as stress indicators in shrimp muscle, hepatopancreas, and hemocytes. Two-way ANOVA showed that protein content in hepatopancreas significantly decreased as stocking rate increased (from 3.81 to 2.26 mg mL-1). Density and rearing time interacted significantly to determine SOD activity in muscle and hemocytes where the maximum activity occurred at the densest rate by the end of the study (10.21 and 122.41 U mg-1); CAT activity in hepatopancreas was significantly lower when the highest density (4.1 U mg-1) was used. Final shrimp weight (5.28-5.49 g), survival (90.2-91.9%), feed conversion ratio (0.75-0.78), specific (0.058-0.063), and absolute (1.17-1.30 g week-1) growth rates were not significantly affected by density, although yields varied significantly (0.99-1.49 kg m-2). To conclude, despite the stocking rate causing a stressing effect on shrimp, its antioxidant enzymatic activity prevented such development from negatively affecting shrimp growth, survival, feed conversion ratio, and production.
Fatty acid profile and productivity variation during the growth of Dunaliella sp. under different photon flux densities and glycerol concentrations
Authors: Sacristán de Alva Manuel , Noreña Barroso Elsa , Guerra Castro Edlin , Palomino Albarrán Iveth Gabriela , Barreto Álvaro , Gaxiola Gabriela
Published: May 2022

Microalgae can accumulate lipids during the stationary growth phase, but little information is available about fatty acid profile changes during this phase to determine the best harvesting time in respect to lipid content. In this study, Dunaliella sp. was cultured in F/2 medium at three different photon flux densities (380, 226 and 8.2 μmol photon m-2 s-1) and three different glycerol concentrations (0, 10 and 20 g L-1). Samples were taken during the stationary phase to assess lipid content and fatty acid profile variations. Microalgal biomass production was higher at 380 and 226 μmol photon m-2 s-1 than at 8.2 μmol photon m-2 s-1 in accord to light limitation. The maximum lipid content (345.78 mg g-1) was achieved at 8.2 μmol photon m-2 s-1 and 20 g L-1 glycerol at day 12, similar to that achieved at day 9 (334.16 mg g-1). The maximum polyunsaturated fatty acid amount (65.30 μg mg-1) was achieved at day 7 of culture without glycerol addition, decreasing in proportion over time. So, the best conditions and harvesting time in respect to fatty acid quality would be at 380 μmol photon m-2 s-1 without glycerol addition and after 7 days of culture.
Mobiliser ou favoriser la mobilisation des personnes au travail ? Proposition d’une approche globale et intégrée
Authors: Saint Fleur William
Published: May 2022

Ce travail vise à comprendre la mobilisation des collaborateurs et aider les managers et praticiens des ressources humaines à mieux appréhender ce phénomène. Il a été réalisé dans le cadre d’une recherche-action dans une entreprise française, filiale d’un grand groupe pétrolier mondial. Pour interpréter l’objet observé, nous avons mobilisé la théorie de l’échange social comme principal cadre d’analyse. Les résultats montrent que la mobilisation des ressources humaines est un phénomène complexe, aux sources multiples, probablement compensatoires et multiplicatrices.
Décisions et pratiques de management pour intégrer de multiples normes
Authors: Sanchez Mélissa
Published: May 2022

Une norme consiste à donner les « règles du jeu » pour encadrer des comportements humains. Selon la théorie néo-institutionnelle, les entreprises sont influencées par leur environnement réglementaire et normatif et ont une faible latitude décisionnelle. Seulement, les normes se multiplient et se complexifient, comme l’explique la théorie de la Tétranormalisation. Une tension semble exister entre le respect des normes et le maintien de la capacité de survie et de développement des entreprises. À travers une enquête qualitative exploratoire menée auprès de neuf entreprises de tailles et secteurs différents, nous souhaitons comprendre les perceptions, décisions et pratiques organisationnelles concernant la gestion des normes et identifier les critères de choix d’intégration d’une norme.
À métier spécifique, gestion spécifique ? Le cas des designers User eXperience
Authors: Chouki Mourad , Giraud Laurent , Persson Sybille
Published: May 2022

Dans quelle mesure les nouveaux métiers du numérique appellent-ils des adaptations managériales ? 20 entretiens menés auprès de designers User eXperience (UX) révèlent les spécificités du métier aux couleurs de la formation, de la carrière, de la prise de décision et de la reconnaissance. L’analyse des données permet d’identifier les enjeux RH en faveur d’une fidélisation augmentée en relation avec un management plus vigilant.
Quand le discours révèle une situation pathogène : une approche discursive du harcèlement moral
Authors: Deharo Gaëlle , Madanamoothoo Allane
Published: May 2022

La littérature dominante appréhende le harcèlement moral à partir de déterminants le plus souvent identifiés dans la personne de l’auteur ou de la victime. Cet article adopte pour proposition de recherche que le harcèlement moral peut se révéler au niveau collectif et prend alors une forme managériale. L’impossibilité de cristalliser cette forme de harcèlement à partir des actes d’une personne déterminée impose de trouver d’autres outils d’identification. Dans cette perspective, notre article étudie le rôle du discours du manager sur la mise en place des situations de harcèlement moral.
Introduction. ‘Who are the ḥarāṭīn ?’ Asking the right questions…
Authors: McDougall E. Ann
Published: May 2022

En 2011, les participants à un atelier généré par un projet de recherche canadien (2008-2012) concernant une classe sociale appelée ḥarāṭīn , se sont livrés à une série d’entrevues. Dans le sud du Maroc, les ḥarāṭīn sont vus comme étant inférieurs aux esclaves ; en Mauritanie, ils sont considérés comme ayant été « retirés » de l’esclavage, donc supérieurs. Pourquoi ? Nos auteurs comparent les expériences de ces ḥarāṭīn aux données de leurs propres recherches menées dans la même région et dans les régions voisines. Plusieurs thèmes émergent. L’étymologie reste une question contestable dans le débat en cours qui réfère toujours à la langue arabe. Taine-Cheikh soutient une origine berbère. La race demeure au cœur de la compréhension de l’identité ḥarāṭīn . Mais il est intéressant de noter que les notions construites de ce concept et de la reconnaissance de la vraie couleur de peau interviennent souvent côte à côte. L’islam constitue un contexte pour le statut relationnel des ḥarāṭīn , en particulier à travers l’interdépendance issue du walā Ɂ , une notion religieuse qui intervient après l’affranchissement. Islam est aussi une caractéristique déterminante de la différence notée dans la situation des ḥarāṭīn entre le Maroc et la Mauritanie. Le « statut » lui-même est remis en question. Une lecture à travers des études de cas suggère que la « condition » et les expériences de vie de ces ḥarāṭīn pourraient être de meilleurs critères de comparaison. Vous avez là une image des ḥarāṭīn tels qu’ils se voyaient et tels qu’ils étaient vus à la veille d’un changement politique irréversible − le printemps arabe en Afrique du Nord (2011) et l’épisode de « brûler des livres » islamiques en Mauritanie (2012).
Bridging the Divide : Continuity and Change among Kel Antessar Eghawelen and other Tuareg Clans (District of Goundam, Mali)
Authors: Giuffrida Alessandra
Published: May 2022

L’usage d’une terminologie référant à la « couleur » pour connoter des groupes comme les ḥarāṭīn dans un milieu récemment marqué par de profonds bouleversements nous oblige à considérer d’autres éléments analytiques dans la société touarègue contemporaine au nord du Mali. Ainsi stratégies matrimoniales, migrations et activités économiques sont examinées en rapport avec des facteurs externes tels que la politique gouvernementale, le foncier et les conflits armés. Cette ligne d’analyse nous permet de détecter plusieurs aspects de changement parmi les eghawelen qui négocient leur position sociale actuelle comme intermédiaires entre noirs et blancs, ils ont gagné un poids politique important au sein des administrations locales et régionales, et montrent une prospérité économique supérieure à celle de leurs anciens maîtres. La fluidité structurelle et statutaire des eghawelen renvoie l’attention à d’autres facteurs externes concernant leurs avantages pendant les conflits armés. L’impossibilité de mener des recherches sur le terrain, à cause de l’insécurité persistante depuis 2006, empêche de revisiter les lieux de l’étude et observer sur le terrain comment le retour d’une logique génocidaire de l’armée malienne et, parallèlement, l’arrivée de groupes islamistes, préviennent de saisir les changements survenus. Cela nous oblige à faire de l’histoire et non plus de l’ethnographie. Bien que complémentaires les deux disciplines nous suggèrent de suivre une approche fondée sur la spécificité culturelle, géographique et historique afin d’éviter de généraliser sur cette catégorie sociale qu’on retrouve dans plusieurs groupes ethniques sahariens et sahéliens.
L’ouverture de représentations consulaires au Sahara Occidental : une violation flagrante de l’obligation de non-reconnaissance
Authors: Hadj Cherif Hamza
Published: May 2022

Le présent article examine la licéité de l’ouverture de représentations consulaires au Sahara Occidental, à la lumière du statut juridique de ce territoire et de l’évolution du droit international contemporain. L’examen est axé, en particulier, sur l’application, au cas du Sahara Occidental, de l’obligation de non-reconnaissance d’une situation créée par une violation grave de normes impératives.
De quoi la MMT est-elle le nom ?
Authors: Drumetz Françoise , Pfister Christian
Published: May 2022

Au cours des dernières années aux États-Unis, et particulièrement depuis la publication du livre de Stephanie Kelton, The Deficit Myth (Kelton [2020]) en Europe, la théorie monétaire moderne (Modern Monetary Theory - MMT) s’est vue accorder une attention croissante dans les médias et le public. Cet article se penche sur les fondements théoriques de la MMT et sur ses recommandations de politique économique. La théorie étatique de la monnaie de Georg Friedrich Knapp (Knapp [1905]) et les travaux d’Abba Lerner fournissent les deux principaux fondements théoriques. Les évolutions de la pensée économique au cours du dernier demi-siècle ne sont, pour l’essentiel, pas prises en compte. Les recommandations de politique économique sont fondées sur une représentation fausse s’agissant de la politique monétaire et se concentrent de manière étroite sur des propositions spectaculaires sans prendre en compte l’environnement économique. Elles rappellent aussi des politiques mises en œuvre par des gouvernements populistes, notamment en Amérique Latine depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale, et créent ainsi les mêmes risques de défauts souverains et d’inflation galopante. Dans l’ensemble, la MMT est davantage le nom d’un manifeste politique que celui d’une théorie.
Les contributions mutuelles entre les ONG locales et les entreprises : un facteur de crédibilité du rapportage social fondé sur trois piliers
Authors: Braun Olivier , Ceccarelli Agnès , Morin-Esteves Christine
Published: May 2022

Les critiques portant sur la qualité des informations extra financières divulguées aux parties prenantes, y compris aux O.N.G, sont constantes. Le manque de crédibilité du rapportage social revêt autant des enjeux financiers que des enjeux d’opérationnalisation du développement durable. La collaboration des O.N.G à l’échelle territoriale, locale, avec les entreprises est peu abordée dans les recherches empiriques de même que leur contribution mutuelle à la crédibilisation du rapportage social. Notre recherche qualitative réunit des experts du développement durable et des représentants des O.N.G locales dans un espace de dialogue dont les confrontations font ressortir des réflexions qui aideront les entreprises à améliorer la qualité de leur rapportage social. Nous montrons du point de vue managérial que la crédibilité s’appuie d’une part sur une collaboration nourrie entreprises/O.N.G locales selon trois dimensions : une posture collaborative, des moyens et des objectifs communs puis des valeurs partagées. D’autre part, nous montrons que les O.N.G contribuent par leurs actions à la construction du contenu du rapportage social. Notre apport académique concerne la crédibilité du rapportage social qui se cristallise sur trois piliers : son instrumentalisation, sa construction et la divulgation des informations.
Social distancing and supply disruptions in a pandemic
Authors: Bodenstein Martin , Corsetti Giancarlo , Guerrieri Luca
Published: May 2022

We integrate an epidemiological model, augmented with contact and mobility analyses, with a two‐sector macroeconomic model, to assess the economic costs of labor supply disruptions in a pandemic. The model is designed to capture key characteristics of the U.S. input–output tables with a core sector that produces intermediate inputs not easily replaceable by the other sectors, possibly subject to minimum‐scale requirements. Using epidemiological and mobility data to inform our exercises, we show that the reduction in labor services due to the observed social distancing (spontaneous and mandatory) could explain up to 6–8 percentage points of the roughly 12% U.S. GDP contraction in the second quarter of 2020. We show that public measures designed to protect workers in core industries and occupations with tasks that cannot be performed from home, can flatten the epidemiological curve at reduced economic costs—and contain vulnerabilities to supply disruptions, namely a new surge of infections. Using state‐level data for the United States, we provide econometric evidence that spontaneous social distancing was no less costly than mandated social distancing.
Social Contract Two: Revisiting Social Development
Authors: Mohan Brij
Published: May 2022

A perennial quest for justice is the road toward progress. Continued inequality and injustice have demeaned the ethos of our civilization. A broken society manifestly reminds us about the perils of a vanishing social contract (SC). It appears to be a romantic fallacy to achieve global wellbeing in the context of contemporary social development (SD). It is argued that the fissures of “social contract” warrant the examination of society’s evolutionary trajectories of development.