bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Religious Orientation, Mature Faith, and Psychological Distress: Elements of Positive and Negative Associations
Authors: SALSMAN JOHN M. , CARLSON CHARLES R.
Published: May 2005

There are substantial data exploring the link between religiousness and health, yet there is little consensus regarding the nature of the relationship between religiousness domains and mental health. The purpose of this study was to identify the types of mental health outcomes associated with religiousness domains. Participants included 251 (M= 19.02; range = 17–25) young adults who completed self‐report measures of religiousness (Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and Quest Orientations, Faith Maturity Scale), and psychological distress subscales (SCL‐90‐R). We identified significant relationships between each of the religiousness measures and the SCL‐90‐R subscales and analyzed the relative contributions of each of the religiousness measures in predicting psychological distress with hierarchical multiple regression. The Faith Maturity Scale was a particularly robust predictor of positive and negative psychological adjustment. The specific pathways by which religiousness influences mental health outcomes remain to be elaborated in future research.
Abortion, Religious Conflict, and Political Culture
Authors: CHANG PERRY
Published: May 2005

Shaping Abortion Discourse: Democracy and the Public Sphere in Germany and the United States

.
By

,
,
, and

.

Cambridge
,
UK

:

,
2002
.
xx + 350 pp. $60.00 cloth, $23.99 paper
.

 
 

Pro‐Life Activists in America: Meaning, Motivation, and Direct Action

.
By

.

Cambridge
,
UK

:

,
2002
.
x + 278 pp. $65.00 cloth, $23.99 paper
.

 
 

Bearing Right: How Conservatives Won the Abortion War

.
By

.

.

Berkeley
,
CA

:

,
2004
.
xvi + 327 pp. $16.95 paper
.

 
 

The Moral Veto: Framing Contraception, Abortion, and Cultural Pluralism in the United States

.
By

.

Cambridge
,
UK

:

,
2005
.
xii + 340 pp. $65.00 cloth, $22.99 paper
.
Isolation of microsatellite loci in the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: ZHOU YIHONG , GU HAINAN , DORN SILVIA
Published: May 2005

Cydia pomonella L. is an important insect pest of pome fruits worldwide. We have isolated and characterized 17 microsatellite loci from the enriched genomic libraries constructed using a biotin/streptavidin capture protocol. Among these loci, 11 were scored polymorphic when 50 individuals from a laboratory population were screened. Their alleles numbered two to four, with the observed heterozygosity (HO) ranging from 0.114 to 0.404. Successful amplification was obtained for all these loci when the designed primers were tested, showing the promise of use in genetic mapping and population studies.
Polymorphic sequence‐characterized codominant loci in the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica
Authors: DAVIS J. E. , KUBISIAK T. L. , MILGROOM M. G.
Published: May 2005

Studies on the population biology of the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica, have previously been carried out with dominant restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) fingerprinting markers. In this study, we describe the development of 11 codominant markers from randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs). RAPD fragments were cloned and sequenced, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed flanking insertions/deletions. Primers labelled with fluorescent dyes were combined in multiplex reactions to assay five or six loci simultaneously in a capillary sequencing system. These codominant markers have the potential to complement RFLP methods for studying C. parasitica.
Dinucleotide microsatellite primers designed for a critically endangered primate, the black lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysopygus)
Authors: PEREZ‐SWEENEY BEATRIZ M. , VALLADARES‐PADUA CLAUDIO , BURRELL ANDREW S. , DI FIORE ANTHONY , SATKOSKI JESSICA , VAN COEVERDEN DE GROOT PETER J. , BOAG PETER T. , MELNICK DON J.
Published: May 2005

Black lion tamarin (BLT) monkeys (Leontopithecus chrysopygus) have suffered a severe reduction in their natural range and are consequently critically endangered. Because allozyme data showed very low levels of variation, it was not clear if these monkeys had much genetic diversity. We designed microsatellite primers for BLTs, and from them we identified nine polymorphic loci, seven of which were tested on golden lion tamarins (GLTs) (Leontopithecus rosalia). All of the seven polymorphic loci and two other monomorphic BLT loci were polymorphic in GLTs. The microsatellite markers identified here are directly applicable to ongoing lion tamarin population and conservation genetics studies.
Characterization and isolation of DNA microsatellite primers for the tropical tree, Symphonia globulifera Linn. f.
Authors: VINSON C. C. , AMARAL A. C. , SAMPAIO I. , CIAMPI A. Y.
Published: May 2005

Five highly polimorphic microsatellite markers for Symphonia globulifera were developed from enriched repeat libraries screened for microsatellite repeats. An average of 5.8 alleles per locus and expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.649 to 0.806 were found in a sample of 12 S. globulifera individuals from the Tapajos National Forest, in the state of Pará in the Brazilian Amazon. These loci are being used for analysis of precise paternity testing, estimation of gene flow and parentage coefficients in a managed forest in Pará, Brazil, as part of the Dendrogene Project.
Isolation and characterization of seven microsatellite loci in Chioglossa lusitanica (Urodela: Salamandridae)
Authors: SEQUEIRA F. , ROCHA S. , FERRAND N. , WEISS S.
Published: May 2005

Seven polymorphic microsatellite markers were isolated and characterized for golden‐striped salamander, Chioglossa lusitanica (Bocage 1864), a salamandrid endemic to the northwestern part of the Iberian Peninsula, from genomic libraries enriched for (GATA)8 (GACA)8 (ATG)9 and (CA)16. These loci were screened in 37–51 individuals from two populations. The number of alleles per locus ranged from five to 19. Heterozygosity ranged from 0.241 to 1.0. The high level of polymorphism revealed by these loci will be extremely useful for the study of population structure and evolutionary history of this species.
Isolation and characterization of new microsatellite markers in the surfclam Mactromeris polynyma
Authors: CASSISTA MANON C. , HART MICHAEL W.
Published: May 2005

We describe primers and amplification conditions for seven microsatellite loci that were developed and characterized in the commercially harvested surfclam Mactromeris polynyma. Five of these loci were polymorphic: we found 6 to 23 alleles per locus among 100 individuals from one population in Nova Scotia, with some large heterozygote deficits that may reflect unrecognized temporal genetic variation. We are using these markers to investigate temporal and spatial genetic structure in this species.
spip 1.0: a program for simulating pedigrees and genetic data in age‐structured populations
Authors: ANDERSON E. C. , DUNHAM K. K.
Published: May 2005

We present the program spip for simulating multilocus genetic data on individuals in age‐structured populations. In addition to genetic data on sampled individuals, the pedigree connecting all individuals in the population is recorded. This allows investigation of the relationship between family structure and population parameters. We foresee that spip will be useful for evaluating multilocus estimators of pairwise relatedness and population structure, and for simulating the distribution of relatedness in populations with varying demographies. It also provides a method for simulating genetic drift in complex populations.
Six new polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated and characterized from the African savannah elephant genome
Authors: NYAKAANA SILVESTER , OKELLO JOHN B. A. , MUWANIKA VINCENT , SIEGISMUND HANS R.
Published: May 2005

The African savannah elephant (Loxodonta africana) is a ‘keystone’ species that plays a vital role in regulating the dynamics of both plant and animal communities and yet it is endangered and its numbers have been reduced to approximately 500 000 across their entire continental range. Molecular genetic markers are important tools for providing genetic information useful in formulating effective management and conservation strategies for the surviving elephant populations. We describe the isolation and characterization of six new polymorphic microsatellite markers in the African savannah elephant and demonstrate that these loci can be PCR (polymerase chain reaction)‐multiplexed, a desirable attribute that saves costs in large‐scale microsatellite screening.
Development and characterization of microsatellite markers in Abies firma and interspecific amplification in other Japanese Abies species
Authors: SAITO Y. , LIAN C. L. , HOGETSU T. , IDE Y.
Published: May 2005

Abies firma is a dominant coniferous tree species endemic to Japan. We isolated eight microsatellite loci from needles of this tree species and tested their polymorphism among 26 A. firma individuals. Six of them showed polymorphism, with two to 16 alleles per locus. Their expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.075 to 0.922. Moreover, interspecific amplification among Abies sachalinensis, Abies mariesii and Abies veitchii was successful in majority of the isolated loci, suggesting that these loci may be useful for characterization of other fir species.
Polymorphic microsatellite loci in the ponerine ant, Hypoponera opacior (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Authors: RÜGER MARKUS H. , HEINZE JÜRGEN , FOITZIK SUSANNE
Published: May 2005

The ant genus Hypoponera, with its high diversity of alternative reproductive tactics, is of particular interest in studies on sexual selection. In the species Hypoponera opacior, winged and wingless males and queens co‐occur and molecular markers are essential to study the reproductive success of these sexual tactics. Primers were developed for five polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated from H. opacior. Their variability was tested on 34 colonies from a population in the United States. Nine to 21 alleles per locus were found with observed heterozygosities between 0.1 and 0.7. A significantly positive FIS value suggests inbreeding in this ant with predominant intracolonial matings.
Characterization and PCR multiplexing of polymorphic microsatellite loci for the invasive ant Wasmannia auropunctata
Authors: FOURNIER DENIS , FOUCAUD JULIEN , LOISEAU ANNE , CROS‐ARTEIL SANDRINE , JOURDAN HERVÉ , ORIVEL JÉRÔME , LE BRETON JULIEN , CHAZEAU JEAN , DEJEAN ALAIN , KELLER LAURENT , ESTOUP ARNAUD
Published: May 2005

Highly polymorphic genetic markers provide a useful tool for estimating genetic parameters in studies of the evolution of sociality in insects. We isolated and characterized 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the invasive ant, Wasmannia auropunctata, and described experimental conditions for PCR (polymerase chain reaction) multiplexing and simultaneously genotyping these loci in two sets of five and seven markers. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 14 and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.233 to 0.967. Moreover, results of cross‐species amplification tests are reported in three other species of Wasmannia and in two species of the genus Allomerus.
Identification and characterization of microsatellite markers in Hermann's tortoise (Testudo hermanni, Testudinidae)
Authors: FORLANI A. , CRESTANELLO B. , MANTOVANI S. , LIVOREIL B. , ZANE L. , BERTORELLE G. , CONGIU L.
Published: May 2005

The isolation and characterization of six polymorphic loci from a Testudo hermanni genomic library is reported. Enrichment was performed for AC but four of the characterized microsatellites present also an additional motif. Variability was tested on populations of the two recognized subspecies, Testudo hermanni hermanni and Testudo hermanni boettgeri. For one locus, a size range specific for the subspecies T. h. hermanni was observed. These are the first primers identified directly in the genome of T. hermanni
Isolation of polymorphic microsatellite loci from the European anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus
Authors: LANDI M. , GAROIA F. , PICCINETTI C. , TINTI F.
Published: May 2005

The European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus L., Engraulidae) is a widely spread fish resource which is overexploited along its area of distribution. A proper knowledge of the population genetic structure of this fish species is crucial to allow a sustainable management of fishery stocks. We developed five polymorphic microsatellite loci (expected heterozygosity per locus ranging from 0.46 to 0.97) for E. encrasicolus. These genetic markers can be applied to define the population genetic structure of European anchovy.
Microsatellite primers for the Atlantic coastal killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, with applicability to related Fundulus species
Authors: ADAMS STEPHANIE M. , OLEKSIAK MARJORIE F. , DUVERNELL DAVID D.
Published: May 2005

The mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), a common Atlantic coastal killifish, is a model vertebrate species for the study of molecular genetic variation in natural populations and of environmental toxicology. We report the development of a set of 20 microsatellite loci in this species. Average expected heterozygosity across all loci was 0.84 (range: 0.60–0.97), revealing a high level of variability at most loci. A survey of seven additional Fundulus species yielded one or two robust amplification products in over half (63%) of the species–primer combinations tested. Therefore, many of these loci will also prove useful in studies of other members of the genus Fundulus.
Development and characterization of novel tetra‐, tri‐, and dinucleotide microsatellite markers in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: SPIES I. B. , BRASIER D. J. , O'REILLY P. T. L. , SEAMONS T. R. , BENTZEN P.
Published: May 2005

We discuss the development and characterization of 40 polymorphic rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) microsatellite loci. We used enriched libraries to isolate 14 dinucleotide, seven trinucleodide, eight compound di/tetranucleotide, and 11 tetranucleotide loci. These markers will be useful for selective breeding via marker‐assisted selection, population genetics studies, parentage analysis, and have already been used for genome mapping.
Characterization of 13 single nucleotide polymorphism markers for chum salmon
Authors: SMITH C. T. , BAKER J. , PARK L. , SEEB L. W. , ELFSTROM C. , ABE S. , SEEB J. E.
Published: May 2005

We report the characterization of 13 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assays for chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta). These assays are based on the 5′‐nuclease reaction and thus facilitate high‐throughput genotyping with minimal optimization time. Because data generated using these markers may be transported and combined across laboratories, SNPs offer the potential to reduce the amount of redundant work being done in mixture and migratory studies of chum salmon.
Microsatellite markers for two stifftail ducks: the white‐headed duck, Oxyura leucocephala, and the ruddy duck, O. jamaicensis
Authors: MUÑOZ‐FUENTES VIOLETA , GYLLENSTRAND NICLAS , NEGRO JUAN J. , GREEN ANDY J. , VILÀ CARLES
Published: May 2005

Hybridization with a close relative, the North American ruddy duck (Oxyura jamaicensis), is a major problem for the conservation of the endangered white‐headed duck (Oxyura leucocephala). We report the development of 11 microsatellite markers that can facilitate the identification of hybrids as well as the study of the population structure of both species across their distributions. These markers were tested in 63 white‐headed ducks and 50 ruddy ducks and show a larger diversity in the latter species.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellites in Labeo rohita and their cross‐species amplification in related species
Authors: DAS P. , BARAT A. , MEHER P. K. , RAY P. P. , MAJUMDAR D.
Published: May 2005

The major Indian carps namely rohu (Labeo rohita), catla (Catla catla), mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) and calbasu (Labeo calbasu) are important freshwater species of the Indian subcontinent constituting over 65% of the fish produce. In the present study, isolation of 12 microsatellite loci from rohu has been reported. Cross‐species amplification in related carps and their implication in population genetic studies as well as selective breeding program were discussed.
Assessment of 17 new whiskered auklet (Aethia pygmaea) microsatellite loci in 42 seabirds identifies 5–15 polymorphic markers for each of nine Alcinae species
Authors: DAWSON DEBORAH A. , HUNTER FIONA M. , PANDHAL JAGROOP , BUCKLAND ROBERT , PARHAM ANDREW , JONES IAN L. , BRADSHAW MATTHEW , JEHLE ROBERT , BURKE TERRY
Published: May 2005

We isolated 17 microsatellite loci in the whiskered auklet (Aethia pygmaea) and tested them for amplification in 48 species from 13 seabird families (including 42 seabirds). Fifteen of these loci were also tested for polymorphism in 38 of the species, which included nine species of Alcinae (four auklets, Atlantic puffin, dovekie, razorbill and two murre species). On the average, nine loci were polymorphic per Alcinae species.
Twelve microsatellite markers developed in woundfin (Plagopterus argentissimus), an endangered warmwater fish of the lower Colorado River basin
Authors: VU NINH V. , KEELER‐FOSTER CONNIE L. , SPIES INGRID B. , RIBEIRO DANIEL T.
Published: May 2005

Woundfin (Plagopterus argentissimus) is one of several endangered warmwater fishes once common to the lower Colorado River basin. Dexter National Fish Hatchery & Technology Center maintains a refugium stock founded in 1982, and augmented with c. 1000 young fish in 1989. Genetic characterization of the refugium stock and salvaged fish from the Virgin River is necessary to develop a strategy to incorporate salvaged fish into the hatchery stock. We developed an enriched microsatellite library and 12 species‐specific polymorphic loci. Alleles per locus ranged from 10 to 19, averaging 13. The average expected and observed heterozygosities were 0.884 and 0.895, respectively.
Highly polymorphic microsatellite loci in the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus)
Authors: BARKER F. S. , HELYAR S. J. , KEMP S. J. , BEGON M.
Published: May 2005

We describe seven polymorphic, dinucleotide microsatellite loci isolated from bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus, Rodentia: Muridae) collected from the Wirral Peninsula, United Kingdom. Microsatellites were isolated as part of a long‐term study on the wider effects of host–pathogen interactions of an endemic viral disease. These microsatellites showed between five and 13 alleles per locus in these populations. Observed and expected heterozygosities varied between 0.275 to 0.777 and 0.487 to 0.794, respectively. These markers will allow us to investigate the structure of this bank vole population.
Isolation and characterization of tetramicrosatellite DNA markers in the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra)
Authors: HUANG CHUAN‐CHIN , HSU YU‐CHENG , LEE LING‐LING , LI SHOU‐HSIEN
Published: May 2005

Eight new tetramicrosatellite loci for Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) were designed. Polymorphism of these eight loci in 29 otter individuals was tested. The results indicated that the allele numbers of each of loci ranged from three to five and the observed heterozygosity from 0.483 to 0.828. These new loci can be useful for population genetic research on otters and help improve the resolution of individual identification using noninvasive method.
Cross‐species amplification of microsatellite loci in Aquilegia and Semiaquilegia (Ranunculaceae)
Authors: YANG JI Y. , COUNTERMAN BRIAN A. , ECKERT CHRISTOPHER G. , HODGES SCOTT A.
Published: May 2005

We developed 16 microsatellite loci from an F2 hybrid between Aquilegia formosa and Aquilegia pubescens. In samples of 28 individuals, we found an average of 14 alleles per locus from each parental species. We tested these loci for cross‐amplification in 10 additional species of Aquilegia and found that all 16 loci amplified in other North American species and 12 consistently amplified in European or Asian species. Nine loci amplified in the sister species to Aquilegia, Semiaquilegia adoxoides. The success of cross‐species amplification suggests that these microsatellites should prove useful for studies in a broad range of Aquilegia species.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers from Musa balbisiana
Authors: BUHARIWALLA H. K. , JARRET R. L. , JAYASHREE B. , CROUCH J. H. , ORTIZ R.
Published: May 2005

This is the first report of targeted development of B genome microsatellite markers in Musa. A total of 44 sequences with microsatellites were isolated from an enriched library of Musa balbisiana cv. ‘Tani’ (BB genome). Of these, 25 were polymorphic when screened on 14 diverse diploid and triploid Musa accessions. The number of alleles detected by each marker ranged between one and seven. All 25 microsatellite markers generated amplification products in all species and genome complements. These new microsatellite markers fill an important gap for diversity assessment and linkage mapping studies in plantain (AAB) and cooking banana (ABB).
Isolation of seven polymorphic microsatellites in Ophioblennius atlanticus atlanticus (Perciformes, Blenniidae)
Authors: DE GIROLAMO M. , GRAPPUTO A. , ZANE L. , SANTOS R. S. , PALLAVICINI A.
Published: May 2005

We isolated and characterized seven polymorphic microsatellite loci of Ophioblennius atlanticus atlanticus (Valenciennes, 1836) using an optimized protocol to construct and screen a microsatellite‐enriched genomic library. The analysis of variability was performed in 16 specimens from Faial Island (Azores, Portugal). The mean number of alleles was 8.71 ± 2.43 and the level of expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.764 to 0.903. The total exclusionary probabilities using these loci for the first and the second parent were 0.985 and 0.998, respectively, suggesting that these microsatellites are a useful tool for large‐scale parentage analysis.
Microsatellites for tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima)
Authors: DALLAS JOHN F. , LEITCH MALCOLM J. B. , HULME PHILIP E.
Published: May 2005

Nine (CT)n microsatellites were developed for tree of heaven, Ailanthus altissima, from invasive populations on the Mediterranean islands. These loci had seven to 12 alleles in 96 trees from five islands. Two loci had significant deficits of heterozygotes within islands while the other loci were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, and four pairs of loci had significant linkage disequilibrium within a single island. These loci were also polymorphic in one to three individuals of the tree of heaven varieties, Ailanthus altissima erythrocarpa, Ailanthus altissima sutchuenensis and Ailanthus altissima tanakai, and the related species Ailanthus giraldii and Ailanthus vilmariniana.
Isolation and characterization of highly polymorphic microsatellites in the aquatic plant, Nymphoides peltata (Menyanthaceae)
Authors: UESUGI R. , TANI N. , GOKA K. , NISHIHIRO J. , TSUMURA Y. , WASHITANI I.
Published: May 2005

Ten microsatellite loci were described for conservation design of a threatened clonal aquatic plant, Nymphoides peltata. The microsatellite loci obtained through the construction of an enriched library were polymorphic (2–6 alleles per locus) and exhibited high levels of observed (0.333–0.889) and expected (0.284–0.765) heterozygosities. All microsatellite loci were expected to be useful for identification of genets and evaluation of genetic diversity of this species.
Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for two dioecious Ficus species
Authors: ZAVODNA MONIKA , ARENS PAUL , VAN DIJK PETER J. , VOSMAN BEN
Published: May 2005

Microsatellite markers for Ficus montana and Ficus septica were developed using genomic libraries enriched for di‐, tri‐ and tetranucleotide repeats. The subsets of five and three best scorable primer pairs were characterized on 24 F. montana and 36 F. septica individuals, respectively. For F. montana, loci showed five to 14 alleles per locus and expected heterozygosities ranged between 0.23 and 0.87. For F. septica, loci showed three to five alleles per locus and expected heterozygosities ranged between 0.36 and 0.49. Four primer pairs (two from each subset) cross‐amplified in the other species, indicating transportability of the markers within the genus Ficus.
Polymorphic microsatellites for the study of Aconitum napellus L. (Ranunculaceae), a rare species in France
Authors: CADRE SOLENN LE , BOISSELIER‐DUBAYLE MARIE‐CATHERINE , LAMBOURDIÈRE JOSIE , MACHON NATHALIE , MORET JACQUES , SAMADI SARAH
Published: May 2005

Aconitum napellus is a perennial European Ranunculaceae that is currently decreasing in France. Six polymorphic microsatellite markers were characterized to study the polymorphism among individuals sampled from six populations in France. The total number of alleles per locus varied from two to four. Mean observed heterozygosities at each microsatellite locus ranged from 0.05 to 0.19. This set of microsatellites offers an efficient tool for more detailed investigations on population genetic structure of a rare species that can reproduce both sexually and by vegetative spread.
Microsatellite markers for the whelk Buccinum undatum
Authors: WEETMAN DAVID , HAUSER LORENZ , SHAW PAUL W. , BAYES MICHELLE K.
Published: May 2005

Five microsatellite loci are described for the commercially exploited marine gastropod, Buccinum undatum. Levels of polymorphism were variable with three to 19 alleles per locus and expected heterozygosities of 0.26–0.94 in 60 individuals of the population from which the loci were isolated. Homozygote excess at two of the loci might be attributable to null alleles, and these loci should not be used in, for example, parentage analysis. Nevertheless, because null allele frequencies can be estimated and their effects partitioned, all are useful markers for studies of population differentiation.
Isolation and characterization of eight microsatellite loci for the Neotropical freshwater catfish Pimelodella chagresi (Teleostei: Pimelodidae)
Authors: MOESER ANDREW A. , BERMINGHAM ELDREDGE
Published: May 2005

We report eight (CA)10−35 unlinked microsatellite loci from the Neotropical freshwater catfish, Pimelodella chagresi (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae). These loci were characterized with 23 individuals collected in Panama. Number of alleles per locus varied from 7 to 23 (mean = 12.9) and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.522 to 0.909 (mean = 0.732). These loci will be used to investigate the existence of cryptic species within the P. chagresi clade, and to study fine‐scale population structure.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in the East African tree, Acacia brevispica (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae)
Authors: OTERO‐ARNAIZ ADRIANA , SCHNABEL ANDREW , GLENN TRAVIS C. , SCHABLE NANCY A. , HAGEN CRIS , NDONG LEILA
Published: May 2005

We have developed primer pairs for 24 microsatellite loci isolated from Acacia brevispica, which is widespread in woodland savannas of East Africa. The loci were screened for levels of variation using 16–52 individuals from Mpala Research Centre, Kenya. Number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 17, and polymorphic information content ranged from 0.248 to 0.864. Several loci showed the presence null alleles, but many loci will be useful in ongoing studies of genetic structure, gene flow, breeding systems, and natural selection.
A panel of polymorphic microsatellites in the threatened Apennine chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata)
Authors: LORENZINI RITA
Published: May 2005

The Apennine chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata) is a highly endangered mountain ungulate. About 800 individuals still survive in central Apennines, Italy. Current conservation projects involve genetic identification of single animals, paternity tests, and assessment of relatedness. A suite of 60 microsatellite primer pairs from domestic bovids and cervids revealed polymorphisms for 10 loci, providing evidence for a low level of genetic variability, which might be a consequence of severe population bottlenecks and prolonged permanence at low numbers.
Isolation and characterization of six polymorphic microsatellite loci in Aspergillus niger
Authors: ESTEBAN ALEXANDRE , LEONG SU‐LIN L. , TRAN‐DINH NAI
Published: May 2005

Certain strains of Aspergillus niger produce ochratoxin A in food and in animal feeds. Six polymorphic microsatellite markers suitable for population analysis were developed for A. niger through screening published sequences for microsatellite repeats. Polymorphism was evaluated for 28 isolates of A. niger, including toxigenic strains. Loci displayed six to 13 alleles. Investigation of cross‐species amplifications with Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus japonicus showed limited success.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers from the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae
Authors: ENKERLI JÜRG , KÖLLIKER ROLAND , KELLER SIEGFRIED , WIDMER FRANCO
Published: May 2005

Fourteen polymorphic microsatellite markers were isolated from the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae, based on enriched genomic libraries. In order to assess allelic variability, the microsatellite loci were analysed in a collection of 34 isolates sampled from across Switzerland. The number of detected alleles in 14 loci ranged from two to eight and expected heterozygosity from 0.265 to 0.808. Because of the high expected heterozygosity, the 14 microsatellite loci are very useful for ecological studies and analysis of population diversity, and to identifying, monitoring, and tracking M. anisopliae strains applied as biological control agents.
Tetranucleotide, trinucleotide, and dinucleotide loci from the bobcat (Lynx rufus)
Authors: FAIRCLOTH BRANT C. , REID ALLISON , VALENTINE TERESA , EO SOO HYUNG , TERHUNE THERON M. , GLENN TRAVIS C. , PALMER WILLIAM E. , NAIRN CAMPBELL JOSEPH , CARROLL JOHN P.
Published: May 2005

We describe primers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions to amplify four dinucleotide, one trinucleotide, and three tetranucleotide microsatellite DNA loci from the bobcat (Lynx rufus). The primers were tested on 22 individuals collected from a population located within southwestern Georgia (USA). The primer pairs developed in this study yielded an average of 7.4 alleles per locus (range four to 10), an average observed heterozygosity of 0.60 (range 0.40 to 0.76), and an average polymorphic information content of 0.70 (range 0.51 to 0.78).
Microsatellites from the burbot (Lota lota), a freshwater gadoid fish (Teleostei)
Authors: SANETRA MATTHIAS , MEYER AXEL
Published: May 2005

We developed 21 polymorphic dinucleotide microsatellite loci, (CA)n and (CT)n, for the Holarctic freshwater fish, Lota lota, using an enriched genomic library protocol. The species has an interesting life history because winter‐spawning adults migrate over long distances to form spawning aggregations, a behaviour which should maintain genetic homogeneity across large spatial scales. Availability of the reported microsatellites will facilitate the investigation of population genetic structure with regard to postglacial colonization history and conservation strategies. The primers were screened on 30 individuals from a natural population (Lake Constance, southern Germany), revealing three to 24 alleles per locus with expected heterozygosities ranging from 0.48 to 0.93.
Novel polymorphic nuclear microsatellites in Cupressus sempervirens L.
Authors: SEBASTIANI F. , BUONAMICI A. , FINESCHI S. , RACCHI M. L. , RADDI P. , VENDRAMIN G. G.
Published: May 2005

We report the characterization and optimization of nine polymorphic nuclear microsatellites from Cupressus sempervirens L. using an enriched library method. A total of 24 individuals from four different populations were used to estimate genetic diversity parameters. High level of allelic diversity was found with a number of alleles ranging from two to 13. These markers will prove very useful in screening diversity at different geographical scales and in monitoring gene flow in cypress orchards.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from the Australian endemic mountain pygmy‐possum, Burramys parvus Broom
Authors: MITROVSKI P. , HEINZE D. A. , GUTHRIDGE K. , WEEKS A. R.
Published: May 2005

The endemic mountain pygmy‐possum, Burramys parvus, is an endangered Australian marsupial restricted to mainland alpine regions. Population structure, breeding system and gene flow are crucial for the development of effective conservation strategies, but have not been investigated in B. parvus. Here we have isolated eight polymorphic microsatellite markers from B. parvus to investigate these parameters. We found two to 12 alleles with observed heterozygosity values ranging from 0.321 to 0.878 for these loci in initial estimates from a single population.
Development and diversity of microsatellite markers for endangered species, Morus boninensis Koidz., to establish conservation program
Authors: TANI NAOKI , KAWAHARA TAKAYUKI , YOSHIMARU HIROSHI
Published: May 2005

We have developed seven microsatellite markers from an enrichment library of genomic DNA for an endangered species, Morus boninensis. A total of 112 of the 320 clones were found to have unique sequences with microsatellite repeats. Seven of 54 primer pairs revealed clear chromatograms and polymorphisms among 36 individuals sampled from three of the Bonin Islands. Seven to 17 alleles per locus were detected, and the expected heterozygosity without considering double reduction ranged from 0.429 to 0.819. These findings should be useful for those studying the conservation genetics of M. boninensis.
Characterization of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms in weathervane scallop
Authors: ELFSTROM C. M. , GAFFNEY P. M. , SMITH C. T. , SEEB J. E.
Published: May 2005

We describe 27 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a commercially important bivalve, the weathervane scallop (Patinopecten caurinus), identified using a targeted‐gene approach. We further characterize 12 of these using 5′‐nuclease and allele‐specific PCR assays. Polymorphisms were identified in both mitochondrial and nuclear genes. These are the first SNPs developed for delineating population structure in the weathervane scallop and will provide a useful complement to currently available genetic markers.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the dark bush cricket, Pholidoptera griseoaptera (Tettigoniidae)
Authors: ARENS P. , WERNKE‐LENTING J. H. , DIEKÖTTER T. , ROTHENBÜHLER C. , SPEELMANS M. , HENDRICKX F. , SMULDERS M. J. M.
Published: May 2005

Twelve novel polymorphic microsatellite loci are presented for the dark bush cricket, Pholidoptera griseoaptera. All loci are polymorphic, with up to 37 alleles per locus. These microsatellites will be useful tools for studying the influence of landscape structure and land use intensity in agricultural landscapes on genetic diversity within and among populations of P. griseoaptera.
Multiplex PCR system applied for analysing microsatellite loci of Schlegel's black rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli
Authors: YOSHIDA K. , NAKAGAWA M. , WADA S.
Published: May 2005

Two multiplex PCR amplifications were performed to analyse six microsatellite loci of Schlegel's black rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli, an important commercial fish in the northern part of Japan and an important species for the stock enhancement program in this area. We analysed 67 wild samples from Yamada Bay, Iwate Prefecture, Japan. The observed genotype frequencies agreed with the Hardy–Weinberg expectations at all loci, and the observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.072 to 0.897.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the Alpine leaf beetle, Oreina elongata
Authors: MARGRAF N. , GAUTSCHI B. , RAHIER M.
Published: May 2005

For a study of local adaptations in the Alpine leaf beetle, Oreina elongata, we developed six microsatellite loci and screened them in 305 individuals from 13 populations. All markers were polymorphic with three to 15 alleles per locus. Average observed and expected heterozygosity values were 0.14 and 0.62, respectively. Four markers showed heterozygote deficiency and deviated significantly from Hardy–Weinberg expectations, indicating the presence of null alleles.
Isolation and characterization of 15 microsatellite loci in the Korean goral (Nemorhaedus caudatus)
Authors: AN JUNGHWA , MIN MI‐SOOK , SOMMER JULIE , LOUIS EDWARD , BRENNEMAN RICK , KWON SOO‐WHAN , SHIN NAM SHIK , LEE HANG
Published: May 2005

Microsatellites have been applied in a variety of fields, including conservation genetics. Species‐specific microsatellites are considered as more powerful genetic markers to generate an accurate genetic composition of a species itself. Accordingly, we characterized 15 polymorphic microsatellite loci from Korean goral,Nemorhaedus caudatus, one of the most endangered species in South Korea. The new markers should benefit future studies of the endangered species of other Asian gorals and their relatives for the study of genetic diversity and potential conservation management.
Characterization and isolation of DNA microsatellite primers in Raja clavata L. (thornback ray, Rajidae)
Authors: CHEVOLOT MALIA , REUSCH THORSTEN B. H. , BOELE‐BOS STELLA , STAM WYTZE T. , OLSEN JEANINE L.
Published: May 2005

The thornback ray, Raja clavata, is an elasmobranch (cartilaginous fish). Since the 1950s, its stock has severely declined. In order to investigate the genetic population structure of the species, we developed microsatellite loci. The five loci reported here have eight to 48 alleles per locus and display an observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.32 to 0.98 with no deviation from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. In the test panel of 122 individuals from three populations, no null alleles, band‐stuttering, large allele dropouts or linkage disequilibrium was detected.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the bee Ceratina flavipes
Authors: AZUMA N. , TAKAHASHI J. , KIDOKORO M. , HIGASHI S.
Published: May 2005

Polymorphic microsatellite markers can provide essential information on genetic analyses of sociality and mating behaviour of insects. We developed eight microsatellite loci in the small carpenter bee, Ceratina flavipes, using a magnetic bead hybridization enrichment protocol. These loci showed two to eight alleles with expected heterozygosity of 0.21–0.87, and also seemed useful to such congeneric species as Ceratina okinawana distributed in southern Japan. By using these loci, the sociality and mating systems in Ceratina species, that are still controversial, are possible to be analysed.
Development and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci for the endangered dusky gopher frog, Rana sevosa, and two closely related species, Rana capito and Rana areolata
Authors: RICHTER STEPHEN C. , BROUGHTON RICHARD E.
Published: May 2005

A microsatellite library was developed using genomic DNA of the endangered dusky gopher frog, Rana sevosa. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers and conditions are presented for R. sevosa (eight loci) and two sister taxa — other gopher frogs, Rana capito (seven loci) and crawfish frogs, Rana areolata (three loci). Polymorphism of each microsatellite locus was evaluated for each species. All loci have moderate to high genetic variation in terms of allelic richness (four to 10 alleles per locus), observed heterozygosity (0.595–0.946), and expected heterozygosity (0.531–0.856).
Isolation and characterization of eight microsatellite loci from the house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus)
Authors: HAWLEY DANA M.
Published: May 2005

I isolated the first set of polymorphic microsatellite markers from the house finch, Carpodacus mexicanus, a well‐studied North American bird species, as part of an effort to compare levels of genetic diversity in introduced and native populations. Here, I describe eight independently assorting microsatellite loci screened for polymorphism using 40 house finches. Polymorphism levels ranged from six to 14 alleles (mean = 10.6), making these markers a powerful tool for paternity and population level analyses of this widely distributed North American species.
Eighteen microsatellite loci for endemic African weakly electric fish (Campylomormyrus, Mormyridae) and their cross species applicability among related taxa
Authors: FEULNER P. G. D. , KIRSCHBAUM F. , TIEDEMANN R.
Published: May 2005

We describe isolation and characterization of the first microsatellite loci specifically developed for African weakly electric fish (Mormyridae), for the genus Campylomormyrus. Seventeen of our 18 loci are polymorphic within the Campylomormyrus numenius species complex. The polymorphic loci showed four to 15 alleles per locus, an expected heterozygosity between 0.46 and 0.94, and an observed heterozygosity between 0.31 and 1.00. Most primers also yield reproducible results in several other mormyrid species. These loci comprise a set of molecular markers for various applications, from moderately polymorphic loci suitable for population studies to highly polymorphic loci for pedigree analysis in mormyrids.
Characterization of microsatellite loci isolated in midget faded rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis concolor)
Authors: OYLER‐MCCANCE S. J. , JOHN J. ST. , PARKER J. M. , ANDERSON S. H.
Published: May 2005

Primers for five polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for the midget faded rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis concolor), a rare subspecies of western rattlesnake (Crotalus viridus) found only in parts of Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah. Five polymorphic microsatellites were isolated, four of which had relatively high levels of diversity (eight to nine alleles). We found only two departures from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and they occurred in different loci, so null alleles are likely not a problem. Moreover, we found that no two loci were linked. These loci will be applicable for population genetic analysis and perhaps analysis of paternity and mating systems.
Self‐Selection and Discrimination in Credit Markets
Authors: Longhofer Stanley D. , Peters Stephen R.
Published: May 2005

In this article we make two contributions toward a better understanding of the causes and consequences of discrimination in credit markets. First, we develop an explicit theoretical model of loan underwriting in which lenders use a simple Bayesian updating process to evaluate applicant creditworthiness. Using a signal correlated with an applicant's true creditworthiness and their prior beliefs about the distribution of credit risk in the applicant pool, lenders are able to evaluate an applicant's expected or “inferred” creditworthiness to determine which loans to approve and which to deny. Second, we explicitly model the self‐selection behavior of individuals. Because these decisions shape lenders' prior beliefs about the distribution of credit risk, they also affect the Bayesian posterior from which lenders compute an applicant's inferred creditworthiness, implying that statistical discrimination can arise endogenously. As an example, we show that in a market in which only some lenders have Beckerian tastes for discrimination there are conditions under which lenders without racial animus will also discriminate. Our model's flexibility makes it ideal for analyzing a wide variety of empirical and policy questions.
From Central Planning to Centrality: Krakow's Land Prices After Poland's Big Bang
Authors: Dale‐Johnson David , Redfearn Christian L. , Brzeski W. Jan
Published: May 2005

We examine commercial land markets in Krakow, Poland over a 10‐year period of transition from socialist management to a market economy. We explore the spatial and temporal evolution of land prices over this period. In particular, we are interested in identifying trends toward or away from centrality, and in discovering whether or not these trends acted on the city center alone or over a set of centers. The data set we employ is uniquely appropriate for this purpose as the densifying force of “highest‐and‐best” use—typically found in market‐oriented cities—was absent under four decades of socialist planning, leaving undeveloped land scattered throughout the city. Free of quality control issues associated with disentangling the value of land from properties in which land and structures are bundled, the data offer a clean assessment of land prices within an urban area. We employ a novel, iterative approach to identify pricing centers—“nodes” of similarly sized residuals—which we interpret as evidence of omitted spatial amenities. Using this approach, we find that the price gradient in Krakow evolved toward concentration, but concentration in several centers rather than in just one. We find that the exclusion of proximity to these centers leads to biased coefficients in the hedonic regressions; we also find that the majority of the apparent spatial autocorrelation in the aspatial regressions results from the omission of proximity to these centers.
WNT1 and WNT3a promote expansion of melanocytes through distinct modes of action
Authors: Dunn Karen Joyce , Brady Matthew , Ochsenbauer‐Jambor Christina , Snyder Sara , Incao Arturo , Pavan William J.
Published: May 2005

WNT1 and WNT3a have been described as having redundant roles in promoting the development of neural crest‐derived melanocytes (NC‐Ms). We used cell lineage restricted retroviral infections to examine the effects of WNT signaling on defined cell types in neural crest cultures. RCAS retroviral infections were targeted to melanoblasts (NC‐M precursor cells) derived from transgenic mice that express the virus receptor, TVA, under the control of a melanoblast promoter (DCT). As expected, over 90% of DCT–TVA+ cells expressed early melanoblast markers MITF and KIT. However, by following the fate of infected cells in standard culture conditions, we find that only 5% of descendents were NC‐Ms. The majority of the descendents were not NC‐Ms, but expressed smooth muscle cell markers, demonstrating that mammalian melanoblasts are not committed to the NC‐M lineage. RCAS infection of DCT–TVA+ cells demonstrated that overexpression of canonical WNT signaling genes (βCAT, WNT3a or WNT1) can increase NC‐M numbers in an endothelin dependent manner. However, WNT1 and WNT3a have different modes of action with respect to melanoblast fate. Intrinsic over‐expression of βCAT or WNT3a can increase NC‐M numbers by biasing the fate of DCT–TVA+ cells to NC‐Ms. In contrast, the DCT–TVA+ melanoblasts cannot respond to WNT1 signaling and do not alter their fate towards NC‐M. Instead, WNT1 only increases NC‐M numbers through paracrine signaling on melanoblast precursors to increase the numbers of neural crest cells that become NC‐Ms.