bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring with social media: Experiences from “integrating” WhatsApp in the M&E system under sweet potato value chain
Authors: Chesoli Rose Nakhaye , Mutiso Janet Mwende , Wamalwa Moses
Published: August 2020

Dealing with multiple stakeholders in agriculture–nutrition projects often makes communication and the collection of quality, reliable, and low-cost data complex and challenging. Communication bureaucracies among stakeholders often lead to delay, distortion, or loss of information along the communication channel. Social networking platforms can facilitate communication and collection of real-time data useful for project monitoring. This article shares our experience in using the WhatsApp platform for communication and collection of additional monitoring data. A WhatsApp platform for project implementers from the ministries of health (100) and agriculture (52) from Bungoma, Busia, Homa Bay, and Migori counties Kenya was formed in September 2016 for sharing additional monitoring data in the form of photos, videos, and texts. Project monitoring-related costs reduced by 51% and collapsing reporting hierarchies reduced information delays, thereby saving time and communication challenges. A shared understanding among different actors on the project’s indicators, reporting timelines, and data collection guidelines improved the quality of continuous monitoring data. However, staff transfer and replacements called for the continuous induction of new entrants to the forum. WhatsApp is a compelling tool in project monitoring to mitigate communication challenges. It offers an opportunity to share information on one platform among different cadres, facilitating collective action in multisectoral approach projects.
The phase inversion mechanism of the pH-sensitive reversible invert emulsion from w/o to o/w
Authors: Liu Fei , Wang Yanling , Li Xiaqing , Zhang Zhaoxiang , Dai Xiaodong , Wang Xuewu , Xin Yanping , Liu Kun , Gao Liang , Du Dehui , Xing Chunyu , Jiang Hong , Liu Zhihua
Published: August 2020

Alteration in the environmental conditions will cause a reversed reaction between o/w emulsion and w/o emulsion that has similar advantages of different liquids form on the reversible invert emulsion. The reversible phase inversion of the emulsion has a benefit of dealing with drilling cutting, so the reversible invert emulsion also can be thought used as a drilling fluid. The phase inversion from w/o emulsion to o/w emulsion can be divided into three stages. They are w/o emulsion, w/o/w emulsion, and o/w emulsion. In the w/o emulsion stage, the structure appeared among water droplets when the percentage of the HCl solution (5%) was less than 0.375%. In the w/o/w emulsion stage, the structure among water droplets existed at the beginning of this stage; however, the internal phase and the external phase can interchange their positions during the process. In the third stage, the structures among droplets of the emulsion would be broken and the degree of the dispersion of the oil droplet in the emulsion would increase. The changes in the microstructure, conductivity, electrical stability, standing stability, and the viscosity of the emulsion, which have edified among droplets in the process from w/o emulsion to o/w emulsion, were studied. The result of the microstructure microscopic observation agrees with the result of the electrical stability and viscosity experiments. Moreover, the internal phase and the external phase can interchange positions during the process.
Modeling and simulation of dynamic recrystallization behavior for Q890 steel plate based on plane strain compression tests
Authors: Yang Lei , He Yi-Zhu
Published: August 2020

In view that the traditional dynamic recrystallization (DRX) model cannot effectively predict the DRX process in the hot deformation process of sheet metal, DRX behavior modeling and simulation of q890 steel plate based on the plane strain compression test are designed. The plane strain thermal simulation tests were performed at 1,223–1,373 K and the strain rates of 1–50−1 on Gleeble-3500 thermal–mechanical simulator. The flow stress curves were well smoothed. The stress–strain data were investigated for the analysis of the dynamic recrystallization in the process of thermal deformation. The activation energy of DRX was calculated as Q = 394.53 kJ/mol by the simulation data. The equation of peak strain was developed with the flow stress data by the Zener–Hollomon parameter. The DRX transformation fraction of Q890 steel was studied, and the DRX kinetics equation was developed by the Avrami equation. The experimental data are in good agreement with the calculated values, which proves the reliability of the DRX model and can be widely used in real life.
“Intimate relationship” with “virtual humans” and the “socialification” of familyship
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroshi
Published: August 2020

In this article, the author provides a new view on intimate relationships with “virtual humans” such as robots and AIs. Recent technological developments have enabled firms to create humanlike robots and AIs. It is likely that, in the near future, a growing number of people will want intimate relationships with these virtual humans. This may receive harsh criticism, for example, that such a move would indicate objectification of women or ethical wrongdoing. Instead, however, it should be viewed in light of quality of life (QOL) for sexual minorities and people with various difficulties. Aided by the discussion of the introduction of the Long Term Public Care Insurance (LTCI) system in Japan in the late 1990s, the author positions this trend as the “socialification” of familyship  –  that is, a phenomenon in which the virtual humans, as products or services offered by businesses, become partners/family members, and a change by which some parts of the intimate relationships within families are shared in society. Just as the LTCI system, which was introduced as a socialification of nursing care, reduced the burden of care on Japanese women and improved their QOL, adoption of virtual humans as a socialification of familyship is also likely to improve the QOL of people with difficulties worldwide.
The Earliest Cremation Burials in the South-Eastern Alpine Region from the Middle Bronze Age – Signs of Intercultural Connections with the Northern Carpathian Basin
Authors: Škvor Jernejčič Brina
Published: August 2020

The article considers cremation graves from the site of Podsmreka near Višnja Gora (Slovenia). Based on the analysis of their pottery, it could be shown that the graves can be dated to the Middle Bronze Age period (Br B2/C1) and thus represent one of the oldest cremation burials of the Bronze Age in Slovenia. First, the ceramic finds from the radiocarbon dated settlement contexts are discussed in order to reach a more exact chronological framework for the vessel forms from graves. A synthesis of all Middle Bronze Age graves, both inhumations and cremations, from central and eastern Slovenia allows us to get a better understanding of when the change in burial practices occurred. Surprisingly, the best analogies for the vessels from graves at Podsmreka near Višnja Gora can be found in the northern Carpathian Basin, where we observe a long-standing tradition of cremation burials. The analysis of radiocarbon samples from two graves from Šafárikovo in Slovakia allowed us to verify the absolute chronology of urn amphorae vessels with particular form and decoration, which we can date between the second half of the 16th and the first half of the 15th century BC. Such astonishing correspondences in the pottery between the northern Carpathian Basin and the south-eastern Alpine region seem to indicate that the very area of the Upper Tisza river, and the territory of the Piliny Culture, played a crucial role in the transmission of new burial practices, not only to Slovenia, but also across wider areas along the Sava and Drava rivers on the distribution area of the Virovitica group.
Non-invasive temperature measurement of turbulent flows of aqueous solutions and gases in pipes
Authors: Gebhardt Jörg , Sosale Guruprasad , Dasgupta Subhashish
Published: August 2020

Accurate and responsive non-invasive temperature measurements are enablers for process monitoring and plant optimization use cases in the context of Industry 4.0. If their performance is proven for large classes of applications, such measurement principles can replace traditional invasive measurements. In this paper we describe a two-step model to estimate the process temperature from a pipe surface temperature measurement. This static case model is compared to and enhanced by computational fluid dynamic (CFD) calculations to predict transient situations. The predictions of the approach are validated by means of controlled experiments in a laboratory environment. The experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the model, the responsiveness of the pipe surface temperature, and that state of the art industrial non-invasive sensors can achieve the performance of invasive thermowells. The non-invasive sensors are then used to demonstrate the performance of the model in industrial applications for cooling fluids and steam.
Transverse acoustic phonon excitations in liquid metals
Authors: Hosokawa Shinya
Published: August 2020

In this article, transverse acoustic (TA) phonon excitations in various liquid metals are reviewed. Low-frequency TA phonon excitations were investigated on liquid Ga, Sn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Bi, by using high energy resolution inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS). The current correlation functions obtained from the IXS spectra were analyzed by using two Gaussians to evaluate the excitation energies and widths of the longitudinal acoustic and TA excitation modes, which are consistent with ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The lifetimes and propagating lengths of the TA modes were determined, and may respectively correspond to the lifetimes and sizes of cages instantaneously formed in each liquid metal. The microscopic elastic constants were estimated and characteristic differences from macroscopic polycrystalline values were found in Poisson’s ratios. Future experimental and analytical problems to be solved in the near future are addressed.
Developmental Changes in Dendritic Spine Morphology in the Striatum and Their Alteration in an A53T α-Synuclein Transgenic Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Parajuli Laxmi Kumar , Wako Ken , Maruo Suiki , Kakuta Soichiro , Taguchi Tomoyuki , Ikuno Masashi , Yamakado Hodaka , Takahashi Ryosuke , Koike Masato
Published: August 2020

The aging process is accompanied by various neurophysiological changes, and the severity of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) increases with aging. However, the precise neuroanatomical changes that accompany the aging process in both normal and pathologic conditions remain unknown. This is in part because there is a lack of high-resolution imaging tool that has the capacity to image a desired volume of neurons in a high-throughput and automated manner. In the present study, focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) was used to image striatal neuropil in both wild-type (WT) mice and an A53T bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) human α-synuclein (A53T-BAC-SNCA) transgenic (Tg) mouse model of PD, at 1, 3, 6, and 22 months of age. We demonstrated that spine density gradually decreases, and average spine head volume gradually increases with age in WT mice, suggesting a homeostatic balance between spine head volume and spine density. However, this inverse relationship between spine head volume and spine density was not observed in A53T-BAC-SNCATg mice. Taken together, our data suggest that PD is accompanied by an abnormality in the mechanisms that control synapse growth and maturity.
Early Life Experiences and Trajectories of Cognitive Development
Authors: McCormick Benjamin J. J. , Caulfield Laura E. , Richard Stephanie A. , Pendergast Laura , Seidman Jessica C. , Maphula Angelina , Koshy Beena , Blacy Ladislaus , Roshan Reeba , Nahar Baitun , Shrestha Rita , Rasheed Muneera , Svensen Erling , Rasmussen Zeba , Scharf Rebecca J. , Haque Sayma , Oria Reinaldo , Murray-Kolb Laura E. ,   MAL-ED NETWORK INVESTIGATORS
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND:

Multiple factors constrain the trajectories of child cognitive development, but the drivers that differentiate the trajectories are unknown. We examine how multiple early life experiences differentiate patterns of cognitive development over the first 5 years of life in low-and middle-income settings.

METHODS:

Cognitive development of 835 children from the Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) multisite observational cohort study was assessed at 6, 15, 24 (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development), and 60 months (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence). Markers of socioeconomic status, infection, illness, dietary intake and status, anthropometry, and maternal factors were also assessed. Trajectories of development were determined by latent class-mixed models, and factors associated with class membership were examined by discriminant analysis.

RESULTS:

Five trajectory groups of cognitive development are described. The variables that best discriminated between trajectories included presence of stimulating and learning resources in the home, emotional or verbal responsivity of caregiver and the safety of the home environment (especially at 24 and 60 months), proportion of days (0–24 months) for which the child had diarrhea, acute lower respiratory infection, fever or vomiting, maternal reasoning ability, mean nutrient densities of zinc and phytate, and total energy from complementary foods (9–24 months).

CONCLUSIONS:

A supporting and nurturing environment was the variable most strongly differentiating the most and least preferable trajectories of cognitive development. In addition, a higher quality diet promoted cognitive development while prolonged illness was indicative of less favorable patterns of development.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Heart Failure: A Multiparametric Approach
Authors: Oliveros Estefania , Brailovsky Yevgeniy , Scully Paul , Nikolou Evgenia , Rajani Ronak , Grapsa Julia
Published: August 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a debilitating viral infection and, to date, 628,903 people have died from it, numbers that cannot yet be compared to the 50 million who died in the 1918 flu pandemic. As COVID-19 became better understood, cardiovascular manifestations associated with it were identified. This led to a complete healthcare restructuring with virtual clinics and changes to the triaging of critically ill patients. There are a lot of questions over how COVID-19 affects patients with heart failure (HF) as this condition is a leading cause of cardiovascular death. This review describes the cardiovascular implications of COVID-19 and new practices surrounding the use of telehealth to follow up and triage patients with HF. Current practices supported by medical societies, the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and, finally, a brief note regarding the management of advanced HF patients will also be discussed.
TECHNOLOGICAL PARKS IN REGIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP ECOSYSTEMS
Authors: Konarev A. , Konstantinova Sn.
Published: August 2020

The role of the technology parks for the development of regional entrepreneurial ecosystems is constantly increasing. As centres for updating and technology transfer, these parks directly affect regional systems of business incubators, accelerators, shared jobs, startups and other important elements of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Based on a specific model of a technology park in Plovdiv, the impact and the opportunities for development of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in the South Central Region are explored.
BUSINESS MODELS IN THE SOCIAL ECONOMY – REVIEW OF SUCCESSFUL PRACTICES
Authors: Stoyanov K. , Zhelyazkov G.
Published: August 2020

The social economy is a phenomenon that is gaining ever more significant dimensions, mainly because of its added value, which goes beyond measurable economic indicators. The role of enterprises operating in the social economy is also highly appreciated by the European Commission, which calculates their contribution to the European economy by more than 10% of its total. Because of the specificity and lack of specific legal rules, businesses use different business models to carry out their activities. The purpose of this study is to identify, define and evaluate the most commonly used business models of enterprises operating in the social economy, the so called third sector, analysing successful business practices. Using appropriate examples, including from Bulgaria, will be highlighted problematic issues for the functioning of social enterprises and some basic guidelines will be proposed to facilitate business operations in the social economy.
Deliberate practice model effectively directs student learning in the critical care rotation: The impact of assessment on medical student learning
Authors: Whereat Sarah , Mclean Anthony , Cole Louise , Suharto Tim , Hendry Graham , Lane Stuart
Published: August 2020

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Introduction: AustralianResidents (Junior Doctors) identified their clinical experience for acute clinical episodes as insufficient. Absence of clinical assessments during their critical care experience, within their medical degree, was thought to be a reason. The 'deliberate practice' model was used to explore medical student learning, during the Critical Care Medicine Rotation (CCMR) at Sydney Medical School, Nepean. Method: The interpretative-constructive theoretical study utilized theory, practical (simulation/clinical) standardized assessments and focus groups. Focus group questions directed student exploration of their learning during the rotation, and use of an assessment of basic airway management skills. The mixed method study design was conducted over 18 months (Jan 2014-May 2015), 96% (46) of possible cohort (27 male,19 female) enrolled during their clinical years. The 'Biggs' Model of 'knowledge' was used to understand student declarative, procedural and conditional knowledge. Results: Analysis of pre/post declarative knowledge n=37(80%) demonstrated a significant p value < 0.00001. From within the total cohort, n=12(26%) students were assessed for both procedural and conditional knowledge. This change was not significant at p ≤ 0.05. In this complex clinical environment, knowledge did not automatically translate directly into practical skill attainment. Students (focus groups n=36(78%))identified the model of 'deliberate practice' effective, indicated a desire for more simulations and clinical experience, clear faculty direction for required learning activities and valued peer support. Discussion: Application of 'deliberate practice' model in the CCMR was effective. The pre-and-post assessments provided students the knowledge their own skill level and was effective in encouraging individual skill development. It highlighted a need to review other aspects of critical care clinical skills education. A follow up study, examining the role of peer/near peer assessment in this area has been conducted, with studies in different complex clinical environments, examining workplace learning contrasted with simulation, in post graduate trainees, a new area of research.
The Landmarks of National Identity in S. Šalkauskis Philosophical Pedagogics
Authors: Jankevičius Stasys
Published: August 2020

Modern challengers – the processes of globalization, economic crises, open frontiers, the movement of capital and people, mixing of different cultures and religion, and other factors become a threat to the national identity of small nations such as Lithuania. In case to preserve national identity it is useful to look over the thoughts of the past thinkers about the essence of identity, its maintenance and rendering to the new generations. A distinguished interwar Lithuanian thinker, philosopher and pedagogue S Šalkauskis had outlined the landmarks of the essence of existential identity and its maintenance.

Modern Lithuanian scientists confirm the vitality of S. Šalkauskis ideas, and the results of their research show the necessity to worry about the maintenance of national identity ant to follow S. Šalkauskis’ thoughts. To achieve this purpose it is necessary to join the efforts of family, social environment, educational organizations, government, society and youth organizations.
Expression of Cultural Competency within the Context of English Teacher Training (The Case of Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences)
Authors: Martišauskienė Elvyda , Mazlaveckienė Gerda
Published: August 2020

Th article deals with the expression of cultural competency of pre-service teachers of English. It emphasizes the effcts of globalization on the training of foreign language teachers as well as highlights the necessity of raising their cultural competency. with this aim, a quantitative research has been conducted. The questionnaire consisted of several sections, which aimed at identifying pre-service teachers’ opinion about the relation between language and culture, the importance of the development of cultural competency, the current level of students’ cultural competency, and possibilities to develop it at university. The study included 119 respondents. They were 1–4-year students of English philology at Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences.The research has determined that almost all pre- service teachers of English observe a close link between language and culture, and distinguish two notions of the concept culture: culture as human relations with themselves, others and the surrounding environment (approx. 2/3 of respondents), and culture as human production (approx.1/3 of respondents). A greater half of students emphasize the ethnic nature of culture. About 90 % of pre-service teachers maintain that they develop their cultural competency during the classes at university, while travelling and communicating to foreign culture representatives. Besides, most students (80 %) assess their current level of cultural competency as very high or high. They state that the feel are able to communicate in different cultural contexts, and are able to initiate and keep a conversation with representatives of other cultures. Most students believe that they receive sufficient cultural education at university. Among the study subjects most significance is attached to the courses of Country Studies, Present-Day English and Literary Text Analysis. However, future teachers would prefer more classes and meetings with native speakers, more cultural events organized at university and more possibilities to participate in student exchange programmes.
Language as a Socio-Cultural Phenomenon in the Native Language Teaching System of Basic and Secondary Schools
Authors: Salienė Vilija
Published: August 2020

The 2010–2014 strategy of schools that implement Lithuanian language general education programmes lists the key objectives and tasks of Lithuanian studies teaching and education as well as criteria for evaluating the results of implementation. It is stated in the strategy that when pupils perceive and create the Lithuanian language as their own, they strengthen their identity, self-esteem and dignity. The Lithuanian language curricula in secondary schools should therefore reflect the key provisions of the Lithuanian language education strategy.

It is stated in the secondary education programme that in addition to general knowledge and skills in various academic subjects, secondary school should encourage socio-cultural literacy.

Language learning in general education schools is one of the main fields of general education. Sociocultural literacy is understood in the programme as the development of social maturity, formation of national and civil identity, preparation for living in a multicultural world, development of tolerance towards cultural diversity, and development of trust in one’s own national culture.

When the purpose of the Lithuanian language as an academic subject in basic schools is discussed, it is stated that one of its main tasks is to learn about the language as part of national culture, understand cultural traditions, and develop these traditions in a creative manner.

The objective of the present article is to study what requirements for the analysis of language as a socio-cultural phenomenon are raised in the general curricula of basic and secondary schools and how the requirements raised correspond to the Lithuanian language teaching strategy in general education schools. To achieve this objective, the following tasks were set: 1) to discuss the topic of language as a socio-cultural phenomenon within the framework of the general Lithuanian language curricula in terms of content; 2) to analyse how curricula requirements and school textbooks reflect the provisions of the Lithuanian language curricula and Lithuanian language teaching strategy.

The object of the research covers the general Lithuanian language curricula in secondary and basic schools, textbooks, and the Lithuanian language teaching strategy.

The methods of the research include analysis of professional and methodological literature and analytical description methods.
Central directions for reducing cardiovascular mortality: what can be changed today?
Authors: Shlyakhto E. V. , Baranova E. I.
Published: August 2020

The article provides modern data on the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and mortality in Europe and Russia. Groups of high-risk patients requiring special attention when conducting measures to reduce cardiovascular mortality are discussed: patients with hypertension, including resistant, patients with severe dyslipidemia, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. Particular attention is paid to the problem of effective and safe treatment and reducing cardiovascular mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation and a high risk of stroke. The treatment of these patients may be most successful due to the availability of effective medications that reduce cardiovascular mortality. The article outlines the major paradigms of modern healthcare: focus on results and patient, integration of inpatient and outpatient health care units and accelerating the innovation in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with cardiovascular diseases.
How to Do Things with Words: A Bayesian Approach
Authors: Gmytrasiewicz Piotr
Published: August 2020

Communication changes the beliefs of the listener and of the speaker. The value of a communicative act stems from the valuable belief states which result from this act. To model this we build on the Interactive POMDP (IPOMDP) framework, which extends POMDPs to allow agents to model others in multi-agent settings, and we include communication that can take place between the agents to formulate Communicative IPOMDPs (CIPOMDPs). We treat communication as a type of action and therefore, decisions regarding communicative acts are based on decision-theoretic planning using the Bellman optimality principle and value iteration, just as they are for all other rational actions. As in any form of planning, the results of actions need to be precisely specified. We use the Bayes’ theorem to derive how agents update their beliefs in CIPOMDPs; updates are due to agents’ actions, observations, messages they send to other agents, and messages they receive from others. The Bayesian decision-theoretic approach frees us from the commonly made assumption of cooperative discourse – we consider agents which are free to be dishonest while communicating and are guided only by their selfish rationality. We use a simple Tiger game to illustrate the belief update, and to show that the ability to rationally communicate allows agents to improve efficiency of their interactions.
Математическое моделирование распространения вирусов с длинной инкубационной фазой в тесном мире
Authors: Головинский Павел Абрамович
Published: August 2020

Рассмотрена модель распространения вирусов в отдельных городах и в сети городов с учетом запаздывания, вызванного длительным инкубационным периодом вируса. Показано влияние эффектов запаздывания в сравнении с пандемиями без такого запаздывания. Выявлена временная асимметрия распространения инфекции, означающая, что время развития пандемии значительно превышает время ее завершения. Проведены модельные расчеты распространения вирусов в сети связанных между собой больших и малых городов и выявлены особенности динамики в сравнении с распространением вирусов в моногороде, в том числе возможность повторного инфицирования мегаполисов из внешнего резервуара инфекции. При выбранных параметрах запаздывания, длительность и амплитуда пандемии увеличивается в несколько раз по сравнению с пандемией вирусов с короткой инкубационной фазой.
Анализ информационных критериев отбора значимых признаков в методах text mining
Authors: Калабин Александр Леонидович , Корнеева Елена Игоревна
Published: August 2020

В работе проведена количественная и качественная оценка методов отбора признаков документов на основе теории информации. Целью исследования являлась проверка применения ряда критериев для редуцирования множества терминов в коллекции текстов, к которой впоследствии будут применены методы классификации с учителем и без учителя. Входные данные программной реализации были разделены по схожести тематик и, в зависимости от эксперимента, включали наборы из 45 документов трех категорий технических текстов в различных концентрациях. Для расчета критериев использовалась программная система анализа текстовых данных TextStageProcessor, расположенная как проект с открытым исходным кодом. В разделе оценки работоспособности критериев введены две величины. Первая определяет относительное количество документов, которые принадлежат категории и содержат термин. Вторая равна относительному количеству документов, принадлежащих категории и не содержащих термин. Построены графики зависимости упомянутых величин от критериев. Рассмотрены ограничения для указанных параметров. Полученные результаты для критериев MI, CHI, IG не монотонны, что свидетельствует о возможной неработоспособности этих критериев для входной коллекции и необходимости дальнейших исследований. Для второй части эксперимента проведена предварительная обработка текстов, включающая удаление стоп-слов, нормализацию термов и приведение их к нижнему регистру. Качественный вид графиков зависимостей критериев TFD, DF и TF∙IDF от ранга слова в коллекции свидетельствует о том, что с их помощью можно сократить множество входных значимых термов для классификации без потери качества для исследования.
Elementary students’ functional thinking: From recursive to correspondence
Authors: SYAWAHİD M. , - Purwanto , - Sukoriyanto , SULANDRA I Made
Published: August 2020

This study aims to identify elementary students’ functional thinking processes in solving pattern problems. Previous studies showed that elementary students' functional thinking still often experience errors in solving pattern problems. The study of the functional thinking process in solving pattern problems is a fundamental key as a solution to find out the strengths and weaknesses of elementary school students, so that they are better prepared in generalizing relationships, representing and analyzing function behavior in advanced algebra classes. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study method. Participants of study was sixty-five elementary students who had not yet received generalization patterns material. The instruments were tasks and interview guidelines. Based on the task results, students who had correct answers were chosen using purposive sampling to be given an in-depth interview. The finding indicated that elementary students are able to think functionally in different ways. Students’ functional thinking begins with recursive thinking in the pre-finding formula in the entry stage. Students find the formula by corresponding thinking in the attack stage. Finally, students use the formula to get inverse in the review stage.
Electrophysiological recording of electrically-evoked compound action potentials v1
Authors: B Fallon James , Payne Sophie
Published: August 2020

Recording electrically-evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) is performed to confirm that the electrode array is appropriately placed along the nerve. Recording ECAPS also allows confirmation that electrical stimulation is above neural threshold i.e. that electrical stimulation activates neural activity. The procedure is performed under anesthesia (immediately post-surgery) or in awake animals, and the procedure should incorporate all local requirements for standards of animal experimentation.
Malassezia culture on modified Dixon media v1
Authors: Li Hao , Ong Genevieve , Goh Shirlyn
Published: August 2020

The protocol describes the procedures to culture Malassezia species in modified Dixon (mDixon) media. It includes the recipe for mDixon, how to start the culture from freezer stock, culture maintenance and how to make frozen stocks.
Indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for Detection of Anti-HIV Antibodies in Human Serum v1
Authors: McFarlane-Anderson Norma
Published: August 2020

This protocol was already used successfully to detect anti-HIV antibody in the serum of women with cervical dysplasia or cervical cancer in Jamaica, West Indies [1]. Reference 1. Justiz Vaillant A, Bazuaye PE, McFarlane-Anderson N, Smikle MF et al. Seroprevalence of Anti-HIV Antibodies in Women with Abnormal Pap Smears in Jamaica. British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research 2013, 3(4): 2197-2202.
Bridge over Troubled Water: Linking Capacities of Sport and Non-Sport Organizations
Authors: Constandt Bram , Schyvinck Cleo , De Bock Thomas , Winand Mathieu , Willem Annick
Published: August 2020

Community Sport Development Programs (CSDPs) that use an intersectoral capacity building approach have shown potential in reaching individuals in disadvantaged situations. This study has investigated how the application of capacity building principles in disadvantaged communities results in higher sport participation rates in these communities. A multiple case design was used, including six similar disadvantaged communities in Antwerp, Belgium; four communities implemented the CSDP, two communities served as control communities without CSDP. In total, 52 face-to-face interviews were held with sport, social, health, cultural, and youth organizations in these communities. Four key findings were crucial to explain the success of the CSDP according to the principles of capacity building. First, the CSDP appeared to be the missing link between sport organizations on the one hand and health, social, youth, and cultural organizations on the other hand. Second, shifting from a sport-oriented staff to a mix of sport staff, social workers and representatives of people in disadvantaged situations helped increase trust through a participatory approach. Third, CSDPs assisted sport clubs to deal with financial, organizational, and cultural pressures that arose from the influx of new members in disadvantaged situations. Finally, the CSDPs developed well-planned and integrated strategies focusing on reinforcing the existing local organizations already using sport to reach their goals. These capacity building principles were key in attaining higher sport participation for people living in disadvantaged communities.
Exploring the Contested Notion of Social Inclusion and Gender Inclusivity within eSport Spaces
Authors: Hayday Emily Jane , Collison Holly
Published: August 2020

With an emphasis on virtual engagement, creativity, and diverse competitive platforms, eSport is being explored as a new activity to achieve development outcomes within the Sport for Development (SfD) movement (Kidd, 2008). Research has shown the potential of eSport to provide opportunities for social interaction, bonding, and building social capital (Trepte, Reinecke, & Juechems, 2012). This exploratory research, conducted in 2019, examines the current eSport landscape and utility of eSport as a space to enact social inclusion and more specifically, in-line with SfD agendas and goals, positive experiences for women and girls. Three interactive focus groups were conducted in the UK and USA (N = 65) involving key stakeholders, including game publishers, SfD organisations, eSport teams, tournament organisers, and gamers. Supplementary interviews (N = 16) were conducted to allow for richer accounts and perspectives to be examined. Findings exposed the contested notion of social inclusion within online gaming communities as evidenced by the dominant masculine dynamics of digital spaces. Consistently those engaged in eSport claimed social inclusion and inclusivity were the most significant features and offering to the SfD movement. Yet, simultaneously the same voices exposed toxicity in the form of gender inequality and discrimination as the challenge embedded within eSport among its rapidly growing participants and spectators. This article empirically examines gender dynamics within eSport spaces, using Bailey’s social inclusion theory and Lefebvre’s spatial theory, and critically presents new opportunities to the field of SfD.
Productive capacity and genetic variation behavior in progenies from irrigated açai according to plant age
Authors: Farias Neto João Tomé de , Yokomizo Gilberto Ken Iti , Resende Marcos Deon Vilela de
Published: August 2020

The açai fruit yield is concentrated between the months of July to December (harvest), providing an important income to actors involved in the production chain, however in the off-season this brings serious socioeconomic problems, with the need for research that may offer selected genetic materials that can circumvent this problem. However, the age for making this selection in this species is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this work was to infer the best age for selection by estimating genetic and phenotypic parameters in the different stages of evaluating progenies of half-sibs of acai. The experiment followed a randomized block design with three replications and five plants per plot, with 30 progenies. The statistical analysis was performed using the REML/BLUP methodology. The results showed that the magnitudes of the estimates of heritability and genetic variation decrease with age; the correlations between the characters that make up fruit yield reveal that the number of bunches is the most important component of yield; for the fruit yield character, the age of progenies and harvest years indicate that early selections are more efficient; the early emission of tillers is an important characteristic to be sought in açai breeding programs guaranteeing greater fruit yield in adult plants; and higher fruit yield in the off-season is possible from the fourth year of harvest.
RECENT ADVANCES IN ELASTIN-BASED BIOMATERIALS
Authors: Del Prado Audelo María Luisa , Mendoza-Muñoz Néstor , Escutia-Guadarrama Lidia , Giraldo-Gomez David , González-Torres Maykel , Florán Benjamín , Cortés Hernán , Leyva-Gomez Gerardo
Published: August 2020

Elastin is one of the main components of the extracellular matrix; it provides resistance and elasticity to a variety of tissues and organs of the human body, besides participating in cellular signaling. On the other hand, elastin-derived peptides are synthetic biopolymers with a similar conformation and structure to elastin, but these possess the advantage of solubility in aqueous mediums. Due to their biological activities and physicochemical properties, elastin and related peptides may be applied as biomaterials to develop diverse biomedical devices, including scaffolds, hydrogels, and drug delivery systems for tissue engineering. Likewise, the combination of elastin with natural or synthetic polymers has demonstrated to improve the mechanical properties of biomedical products and drug delivery systems. Here we comprehensively describe the physicochemical properties and physiological functions of elastin. Moreover, we offer an overview of the use of elastin and its derivative polymers as biomaterials to develop scaffolds and hydrogels for tissue engineering. Finally, we discuss some perspectives on the employment of these biopolymers to fabricate new biomedical products.
The South and the Grotesque: Flannery O’Connor’s ‘Twisted’ Characters
Authors: TUĞAN Abdullah Gökhan , KOÇSOY F. Gül
Published: August 2020

The objective of this article is to research the grotesque undertones of American South, investigate the grotesque characters in Flannery O’Connor’s (1925-1964) short fiction based on Wolfgang Kayser’s (1906-1960) typology and accordingly reveal their affinities with the phenomenon of violence. The distinctive qualities of the South infuse all aspects of southern literature that is mostly notable for its perennial emphasis upon the grotesque. As a significant southern writer, O’Connor also employs grotesque characters in her fiction. O’Connor’s characters emanate grotesque singularities in three different manners; corporeal malformation, intellectual incongruity and behavioural degeneration. These three motives for the grotesque are analyzed through three short stories in this article: “Parker’s Back,” “The Comforts of Home” and “The Partridge Festival.”
Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı İle İşe Tutkunluk Arasındaki İlişkinin Ölçülmesi: Bankacılık Sektörü İle İlgili Bir Araştırma
Authors: ÖRÜCÜ Edip , HASIRCI İtır
Published: August 2020

Çalışanların bulundukları kuruma fayda sağlamak niyetiyle rol fazlası davranışlarda bulunmaları hali örgütsel vatandaşlık olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Çalışanın kendini işine her açıdan adaması da işe tutkunluktur. Bu çalışmanın amacı işe tutkunluğun örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmanın evreni Bandırma’da bulunan özel ve devlet bankalarında çalışmakta olan 250 banka personelidir. Bu sayıdan 110 çalışan ile bir anket çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı ve işe tutkunluk ilişkisi güvenilirlik analizleri, korelasyon ve çoklu regresyon analizleri ile incelenmiştir. Yapılan analizler neticesinde işe tutkunluğun alt boyutlarından sadece dinçlik değişkeninin örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı üzerinde anlamlı etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Tunceli’de Anlatılan Şıh Delil Berhucan Efsanesi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: TAŞ Sibel
Published: August 2020

Tunceli, inanç yapısını ocak sistemi merkezinde ve sözlü gelenek çerçevesinde yüzyıllar boyunca sürdürüp yaşatan bir coğrafyadır. Bu sistem içinde, mevcut on iki ocak birbirleriyle ilişkili kılınmakta ve bu ocakların hepsinin çıkış noktası, birer efsaneye dayanmaktadır. Amacımız, Tunceli’deki on iki ocaktan biri olan Şıh Delil Berhucan ocağının ve bu ocağın ardılları oldukları söylenen Pilvenk aşiretinin ortaya çıkış biçiminin dayandığı efsane olan Şıh Delil Berhucan efsanesinin motiflerini incelemek ve bu yolla efsanenin barındırdığı senkretik inanç yapısına yönelik bir bakış açısı geliştirmektir.
Yerel Halkın Turizmin Gelişimine Yönelik Algı ve Desteğinde Yer Kimliği ve Yer İmajının Rolü
Authors: YEŞİLYURT Hülya , KOÇAK Nilüfer
Published: August 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Adıyaman il merkezinde yaşayan yerel halkın turizm gelişimine yönelik algı ve desteğinde yer kimliği ve yer imajının rolünü ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda ilgili alanyazın çerçevesinde bir model geliştirilmiştir. Çalışmada veriler, anket tekniği yardımı ile elde edilmiş ve geçerli 698 veri üzerinden analizler yapılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda yer kimliğinin yerel halkın turizmin olumlu etkilerine yönelik algılarını, yer imajının da turizmin olumsuz etkilerine yönelik algılarını etkilediği saptanmıştır. Yerel halkın yer kimliği ve yer imajı algılarının turizme yönelik desteğini doğrudan etkilemediği görülmüştür. Yerel halkın turizm gelişimine yönelik desteği de turizmin algılanan olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri ile açıklanmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda ilgili alanyazına ve sektöre yönelik öneriler geliştirilmiştir.
Okul Yöneticilerinin Yeşil Örgütsel Davranışlarını Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Araştırma
Authors: SÖNMEZ Ramazan Vedat
Published: August 2020

nayi devrimi birlikte üretim süreçlerinde doğal kaynak kullanımında bir artış yaşanmaktadır. Bu artışa paralel olarak örgütler tarafından doğal çevreye salınan atıklarda önemli boyutlara ulaşmış bulunmak-tadır. Doğal kaynaklar tüketildiği hızda kendini yenileyememektedir. Bu nedenle kaynakların bir nesilden diğerine aktarımı ve sürdürülebilirliği, çevre kirliliği son dönemlerde kamu ve özel sektör yöneticilerinin gündemini işgal etmektedir. Doğal kaynakların kullanımı ve çevreye verilen zarar örgütsel faaliyetler tarafından da etkilenmekte, örgütsel çatı altında çalışan tüm iş görenlerin dikkat etmeleri gereken bir husus olduğu ifade edilebilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; eğitim işletmelerinde faaliyette bulunan yöneticilerin yeşil örgütsel davranışlarını belirlemek, bir başka ifade ile okul yöne-ticilerinin çevresel duyarlılık, çevresel katılım, ekonomik duyarlılık, yeşil satın alma ve teknolojik duyarlılık düzeylerini ölçmek, bu konudaki tutumlarını belirlemek, ilgili literatüre katkı sunmak, konu ile ilgili yeni bir tartışma ortamı yaratabilmektir. Araştırma Şırnak ili, Cizre ilçesinde resmi okullarda görev yapan yöneticilere yönelik yapılmış olup veri toplama işleminde anket tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda; katılımcıların çevresel duyarlılık, çevresel katılım, ekonomik duyarlılık, yeşil satın alma ve teknolojik duyarlılık düzeylerinin oldukça yüksek seviyede olduğu bulunmuştur.
Halkla İlişkiler Faaliyetleri Kapsamında Sosyal Sorumluluk Projelerinin Kurumsal Markalaşmaya Etkisi: “Domestos Okullarda Hijyen” Kampanya Örneği
Authors: DOĞAN Şeyhmus , ÜNALAN Duygu
Published: August 2020

Bu çalışmada; halkla ilişkiler ve sosyal sorumluluk uygulamaları ilişkisinin marka imajına katkısının nasıl olduğu Domestos markasının “Okullarda Hijyen” kampanyasının hedef tüketici/müşteri grubunda meydana getirdiği algı, tutum ve davranış değişiklikleri üzerinden belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda 150 kişilik bir çalışma grubuna anket uygulanmıştır. Katılımcıların yaş, gelir ve cinsiyete göre dağılımını belirlemek amacıyla öncelikle çapraz tablolar alınmıştır. Katılımcıların kampanyaya bakış açısını ölçmeye yönelik hazırlanan sorulara verdikleri yanıtların dağılımını görmek amacıyla frekans analizi, bağımsız değişkenlere göre farklılık olup olmadığını belirlemek amacıyla da ki kare testi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler sonucunda katılımcıların sosyal sorumluluk projelerine önem verdikleri, marka tercihlerinde sosyal sorumluluk projelerinin etkili olduğu ve sosyal sorumluluk projelerinin marka imajına olumlu katkı sağladığı sonucuna varılmıştır.
İlkokul 4. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Bilinçli Tüketicilik Durumlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: UYANIK Can
Published: August 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, ilkokul dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin bilinçli tüketicilik durumlarını incelemektir. Araştırma, karma yöntem yaklaşımıyla tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın uygulaması ilkokul Eskişehir’de bulunan 15 ilkokulun 4. sınıf öğrencileri ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında 478 öğrenciden Bilinçli Tüketicilik Düzeyi Ölçeği aracılığıyla nicel, 15 öğrenciden yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yoluyla nitel veriler elde edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin bilinçli tüketicilik düzeylerinin okulun bulunduğu sosyoekonomik çevreye, annenin ve babanın eğitim düzeyine, ailenin aylık gelir düzeyine, annenin ve babanın mesleki durumuna ve öğrencilerin harçlıklarını biriktirme durumlarına göre anlamlı bir biçimde farklılaştığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Sosyoekonomik çevrenin öğrencilerin bilinçli tüketicilik düzeyleri üzerinde etkili bir değişken olduğu belirlenmiştir.