bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of cystic echinococcosis: First record of G7 in Egypt and G1 in Yemen
Authors: Alam-Eldin Yosra H. , Abdel Aaty Heba E. , Ahmed Mona A.
Published: September 2015

Few molecular studies have identified the current status of cystic echinococcosis in Egypt. The present study aimed to ascertain the genotype(s) of Echinococcus granulosus responsible for human hydatidosis in different Egyptian governorates (regions). Animal isolates were collected from 40 camels, 5 pigs and 44 sheep. 27 human isolates were included in the present study. Specific PCR was performed and followed by DNA sequencing for mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene and BLAST analysis.The sheep cysts were not hydatid cysts. G6 genotype (camel starin) predominates in human, camel and pig isolates. G7 genotype (pig strain) was detected in two human isolates and one pig isolate. G1 genotype (sheep strain) was detected in one human isolate from Yemen and in no animal isolates. This is the first record of G7 in Egypt and G1 in Yemen.
Alveolar echinococcosis: how knowledgeable are primary care physicians and pharmacists in the Franche-Comté region of France?
Authors: Bourgeois Belline , Marguet Philippe , Gbaguidi-Haore Houssein , Knapp Jenny , Said-Ali Zeinaba , Demonmerot Florent , Bresson-Hadni Solange , Millon Laurence , Bellanger Anne-Pauline
Published: September 2015

Background: Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a parasitic disease resulting from the intrahepatic growth of Echinococcus multilocularis larva. This zoonotic helminthic disease is rare but, if left untreated or treated too late, can be severe or even fatal. In France, endemic areas containing infected foxes have become larger, spreading towards western regions of the country and leading to an increased risk of environmental contamination. An observational survey was undertaken in 2014 to assess the level of knowledge of AE among primary care physicians (PCPs) and pharmacists in the Franche-Comté region. Methods: Standardized questionnaires were sent to a random sample of 183 PCPs and 236 pharmacists practicing in the Franche-Comté region (eastern France), requesting their voluntary and anonymous participation. The questionnaires collected socio-demographic details, self-evaluation and asked multiple choice questions (MCQs) about epidemiology, prevention, diagnosis and management of AE. Results: The crude response rate was 37.5% of the PCPs and pharmacists questioned. Responses to MCQs showed that most of the participating PCPs and pharmacists had acceptable basic knowledge of AE, especially concerning epidemiology and prevention of the disease. However, a serious lack of knowledge was observed concerning the management of AE. Conclusion: PCPs are often the first health professionals to suspect latent AE, which is still a rural disease in France. Both PCPs and pharmacists play an important role in informing and referring patients potentially exposed to AE. This study shows that although AE is rare, PCPs and pharmacists of the Franche-Comté region have a satisfactory level of knowledge of AE.
Risk of soil-transmitted helminth infections on agritourism farms in central and eastern Poland
Authors: Gawor Jakub , Borecka Anna
Published: September 2015

Agritourism provides ecological tourist services for urban dwellers in rural areas. Agritourism farms offer space and attractive scenery for people seeking to rest in quiet place and wanting healthy, outdoor recreational activities. The high epidemiological standard of agritourism farms is beneficial for the health of the farm owners and the guests. Upgraded level of the farm sanitation, also from parasitological point of view is of great importance, especially that among agritourism farms guests predominate families with small children. A field survey was carried out in 57 farms in central-eastern Poland to evaluate the environmental risk factors for geohelminth infections on agritourism farms offering tourist services for urban dwellers. Samples of soil were collected from 76 sites, i.e. yards surrounding houses, vegetable, fruit and flower gardens, playgrounds and sandpits. In addition, samples were taken from 27 public places of recreation (playgrounds at forest clearing) visited by agritourism farm guests. During visits the farms were inspected and the owners were questioned about their awareness of the threat of parasitic infections. Soil contamination with geohelminth eggs was found in 4 examined farms (7.0%), in one locality on each farm. The eggs of Toxocara spp. and Ascaris spp. were detected in single samples from 3 backyards (6.4%) and one sandpit (10.0%). In the soil samples from places of recreation outside the farms eggs of human or animal helminths were not identified. The results of this study showed that the risk of helminth infections on agritourism farms is low, since geohelminth eggs (1-3 per sample) were detected only in four samples (0.5%) among 760 collected from farms households. The farm owners must be aware of the importance of preventive measures to eliminate the environmental contamination with eggs of zoonotic soiltransmitted helminths. Special attention should be paid to the risk of intestinal parasites of cats of semi domestic behaviour migrating from neighbouring yards as well as of red foxes frequently observed in the vicinity of agritourism farms.
First report of Schulzia travassosi (Nematoda, Trichostrongylina, Molineoidea) for amphibians of the Chaco region in Argentina and proposal of Oswaldocruzia melanostictusi nov. comb.
Authors: González Cynthya E. , Hamann Monika I.
Published: September 2015

This is the first record of the nematode parasite Schulzia travassosi (Trichostrongylina, Molineidae) in two Argentinean amphibians, Leptodactylus bufonius and Rhinella major, collected in two localities of the Chaco region, Las Lomitas (Formosa Province) and Taco Pozo (Chaco Province). The species was observed using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and compared with previous studies of Paraguayan specimens. Regarding metric characters, the measurements found in Argentinean specimens generally did not differ from those of Paraguayan specimens; some differences were observed in the total length of males and females (some longer and some shorter than Paraguayan specimens), length of the oesophagus (in almost all specimens shorter than in Paraguayan ones) and position of the vulva (nearer to posterior end in Argentinean specimens). The branches and sphincter of ovejector are slightly longer than in Paraguayan female specimens. In males, ray 4 is almost the same length as rays 2, 3 and 5, 6. Cephalic end, cephalic vesicle, synlophe and vulvar depression were viewed under SEM. Schulzia melanostictusi Chopra, Shing and Kumar, 1986 is reassigned as Oswaldocruzia melanostictusi (Chopra, Shing and Kumar, 1986) nov. comb.
First molecular identification of Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa in its first intermediate host the mud snail Heleobia australis
Authors: Alda Pilar , Bonel Nicolás , Panei Carlos J. , Cazzaniga Néstor J. , Martorelli Sergio R.
Published: September 2015

This is the first study that used species-specific DNA primers to confirm the presence of the heterophyid Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa Ransom, 1920 in its first intermediate host. The larval stages (rediae and cercariae) of this parasite were morphologically and genetically identified in the gonad of the intertidal mud snail Heleobia australis (d’Orbigny, 1835) (Cochliopidae) in the Bahía Blanca estuary, Argentina. In addition, we asked whether the prevalence in H. australis varied between seasons. Mullets - the second intermediate host of this heterophyid - migrate in estuaries during the warmer seasons and it is expected that piscivorous birds and mammals - the definitive hosts - prey more intensively on this species at those times. Thus, the number of parasite eggs released into the tidal flat within their feces should be higher, thereby increasing the ingestion of the parasite by H. australis.We therefore expected a higher prevalence of A. (P.) longa in H. australis in the Bahía Blanca estuary during spring and summer than autumn and winter. We found that 16 out of 2,744 specimens of H. australis had been infected with A. (P.) longa (total prevalence of 0.58%). Nonetheless, the prevalence showed no significant variation between seasons. Hence, we discuss an alternative scenario where the lack of seasonal changes might be mostly related to the permanent residence of definitive hosts in the estuary and not to the seasonal recruitment of mullets. Finally, we highlight the need for more experimental and comparative approaches in order to understand the diagnosis and geographical distribution of this worldwide heterophyid.
Dog’s genotype of Giardia duodenalis in human: first evidence in Europe
Authors: Štrkolcová Gabriela , Maďar Marián , Hinney Barbara , Goldová Mária , Mojžišová Jana , Halánová Monika
Published: September 2015

The unicellular parasite Giardia duodenalis has been divided to eight assemblages (A-H) from which A and B have the most important zoonotic potential. All remaining genotypes have a strong commitment to various host animals. We present here the first clinical case of a human infection with the dog-specific genotype C of G. duodenalis in Slovakia. The patient, 44-year-old woman, suffered from long-term diarrhoea, abdominal pain, anorexia, weight loss, severe itching and dermatitis in the perianal area. The initial microscopic diagnosis was completed by a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which revealed the first evidence of human giardiasis caused by the dog-specific genotype of G. duodenalis on a European scale. A possible role of dogs in zoonotic transmission of giardiasis and its epidemiological and public health relevance is accentuated.
Chiral Counterion Strategy in Cu-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Oxidation of Linear Alkenes
Authors: Incerti-Pradillos Celia A. , Hudson Daniel , Malkov Andrei V.
Published: September 2015

Application of a chiral counter-ion strategy in
the Kharasch-Sosnovsky reaction is reported. Copper(I)
phosphates obtained from axially chiral, BINOL-derived
phosphoric acids were investigated as catalysts in the
enantioselective allylic oxidation of acyclic alkenes.
Good yields and high regioselectivity towards branched
allylic ester have been achieved. The chiral phosphates
investigated exhibited modest enantioselectivities.
Modelling Of Manufacturing Processes With Membranes
Authors: Crăciunean Daniel Cristian , Crăciunean Vasile
Published: September 2015

The current objectives to increase the standards of quality and efficiency in manufacturing processes can be achieved only through the best combination of inputs, independent of spatial distance between them. This paper proposes modelling production processes based on membrane structures introduced in [4]. Inspired from biochemistry, membrane computation [4] is based on the concept of membrane represented in its formalism by the mathematical concept of multiset. The manufacturing process is the evolution of a super cell system from its initial state according to the given actions of aggregation. In this paper we consider that the atomic production unit of the process is the action. The actions and the resources on which the actions are produced, are distributed in a virtual network of companies working together. The destination of the output resources is specified by corresponding output events.
Process Orchestration With Modular Software Applications On Intelligent Field Devices
Authors: Orfgen Marius , Schmitt Mathias
Published: September 2015

The method developed by the DFKI-IFS for extending the functionality of intelligent field devices through the use of reloadable software applications (so-called Apps) is to be further augmented with a methodology and communication concept for process orchestration. The concept allows individual Apps from different manufacturers to decentrally share information. This way of communicating forms the basis for the dynamic orchestration of Apps to complete processes, in that it allows the actions of one App (e.g. detecting a component part with a sensor App) to trigger reactions in other Apps (e.g. triggering the processing of that component part). A holistic methodology and its implementation as a configuration tool allows one to model the information flow between Apps, as well as automatically introduce it into physical production hardware via available interfaces provided by the Field Device Middleware. Consequently, configuring industrial facilities is made simpler, resulting in shorter changeover and shutdown times.
The Management Of Intellectual Property In A Romanian State University Where Research Represents A Strength
Authors: Tîţu Aurel Mihail , Oprean Constantin , Răulea Andreea Simina
Published: September 2015

The transition to the knowledge-based economy and society requires adaptation to constant change that implies intellectual property as a multidimensional concept that continually leaves its mark on generations contributing to their well-being in obvious and undeniable ways. The main objective of this article was to assess the present level of the management of intellectual property in a state university in Romania displaying their strengths and weaknesses. The overall objective of the work is to analyze the state of the art in a Romanian state university in order to find solutions to the current problems that the Romanian scientific environment is facing. The conclusions drawn in the study converge in directions and proposals for improving the way in which the intellectual property is regarded and its management in the state universities of Romania.
Influence of zinc and magnesium substitution on ion release from Bioglass 45S5 at physiological and acidic pH
Authors: Blochberger Max , Hupa Leena , Brauer Delia S.
Published: September 2015

Ion release of Mg- and Zn-substituted Bioglass 45S5 (46.1 SiO2-2.6 P2O5-26.9 CaO-24.3Na2O; mol%; with 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100% of calcium replaced bymagnesium/zinc) was investigated at pH 7.4 (Tris buffer) and pH 4 (acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer) in static and dynamic dissolution experiments. Despite Mg2+ and Zn2+ having the same charge and comparable ionic radii, they influenced the dissolution behaviour in very different ways. In Tris, Mgsubstituted glasses showed similar ion release as 45S5, while Zn-substituted glasses showed negligible ion release. At low pH, however, release behaviour was similar, with all glasses releasing large percentages of ions within a few minutes. Precipitation of crystalline phases also varied, as Mg- and Zn-substitution inhibited apatite formation, and Zn-substitution resulted in formation of zinc phosphate phases at low pH. These results are relevant for glasses used in aluminium-free glass ionomer bone cements, as they show that Zn/Mg-substituted glasses release ions similarly fast as glasses containing no Zn/Mg, suggesting that these ions are no prerequisite for ionomer glasses. Zn-substituted glasses may potentially be used as controlled-release materials, which release antibacterial zinc ions when needed only, i.e. at low pH conditions (e.g. bacterial infection), but not at normal physiological pH conditions.
Fractional descriptor standard and positive discrete-time nonlinear systems
Authors: Kaczorek T.
Published: September 2015

A method of analysis of the fractional descriptor nonlinear discrete-time systems with regular pencils of linear part is proposed. The method is based on the Weierstrass-Kronecker decomposition of the pencils. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the positivity of the nonlinear systems are established. A procedure for computing the solution to the equations describing the nonlinear systems are proposed and demonstrated on a numerical example.
Laminar flow past the bottom with obstacles – a suspension approximation
Authors: Wojnar R. , Bielski W.
Published: September 2015

From Albert Einstein’s study (1905) it is known that suspension introduced to a fluid modifies its viscosity. We propose to describe the influence of obstacles on the Stokesian flow as a such modification. Hence, we treat the fluid flow through small obstacles as a flow with suspension. The flow is developing past the plane bottom under the gravity force. The spatial distribution of suspension concentration is treated as given, and is regarded as an approximation of different obstacles which modify the fluid flow and change its viscosity. The different densities of suspension are considered, beginning of small suspension concentration until 40%. The influence of suspension concentration on fluid viscosity is analyzed, and Brinkman’s formula as fitting best to experimental data is applied.
Modeling and control of a skid-steering mobile platform with coupled side wheels
Authors: Tchoń K. , Zadarnowska K. , Juszkiewicz Ł. , Arent K.
Published: September 2015

This study is devoted to the modeling and control of a 4-wheel, skid-steering mobile platform with coupled side wheels, subject to lateral and longitudinal slips. The dynamics equations of the platform are derived, and 16 variants of motion distinguished. For the variant of motion allowing for all possible slips of the wheels two control problems are addressed: the motion planning problem and the trajectory tracking problem. The former problem is solved by means of a Jacobian motion planning algorithm based on the Endogenous Configuration Space Approach and, complementarily, using the Optimal Control Approach. The Nonlinear Model Predictive Control is applied to the latter problem. Performance of these control algorithms is illustrated by a sort of the parking problem. Significant robustness of the predictive control algorithm against the model uncertainty is revealed.
A standardised FACS assay based on native, receptor transfected cells for the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of β1-adrenergic receptor autoantibodies in human heart disease
Authors: Bornholz Beatrice , Benninghaus Thomas , Reinke Yvonne , Felix Stephan B. , Roggenbuck Dirk , Jahns-Boivin Valérie , Jahns Roland , Boege Fritz
Published: September 2015

Background: Autoantibodies against β1-adrenergic receptors (β1AR) that stimulate cardiac cAMP-production play a causal role in the pathogenesis of human heart failure. Patients can be subjected to specific therapies, if the presence of potentially cardio-noxious β1AR-autoantibodies is reliably diagnosed. This requires assessment of IgG-interactions with the native β1AR because β1AR-autoantibodies target a conformational epitope inadequately presented by denatured receptors or linear peptides. Here, we report on a standardised diagnostic procedure for the assessment of β1AR-autoantibodies in heart failure patients, which is based on IgG-binding to native human β1AR.

Methods: Good laboratory practice (GLP)-conform measurement of β1AR-autoantibodies was based on flow-cytometric quantification of differential IgG-binding to native HT1080 cells overexpressing biofluorescent human β1AR or not. Receptor-specific IgG-binding was derived from IgG-related median fluorescence of β1AR-positive cells corrected for background staining of β1AR-negative cells admixed to each measurement. The slope of IgG binding at two different concentrations was used as measure for the titre/avidity of β1AR-autoantibodies.

Results: Sensitivity and specificity of the novel procedure for high β1AR-autoantibody levels in dilated cardiomyopathy patients (n=40, NYHA class III-IV) relative to n=40 matched healthy subjects was >90%. It was similar to functional assays considered the gold standard and vastly superior to existing screening-procedures employing fixed cells or linear receptor-peptides as auto-antigenic targets. Inter-assay scatter was 7%–15% and linear dilution recovery was within ±10% of expected values throughout.

Conclusions: The novel assay possibly provides a tool to determine true prevalence and clinical impact of β1AR-autoantibodies. Furthermore, it may serve as companion diagnostic for therapies specifically directed at β1AR-autoantibodies.
Specificity Of Long-Term Unemployment Risk Among Creative Economy Workers
Authors: Wojdyło-Preisner Monika , Zawadzki Kamil
Published: September 2015

This paper investigates the determinants of long-term unemployment in Poland for workers in the creative economy. Over 2,100 unemployed artists, journalists, architects, designers, craftspeople and creative industry technicians registered in public employment agencies are examined to discover the relationship between the probability of long-term unemployment and basic socio-demographic variables, human capital characteristics, as well as type of the local labour market. The outcomes based on the sample of creative workers are compared to a study of almost 44,000 registered unemployed representing all professions. Results indicate that such characteristics as: male gender, age under 30, married, first unemployed registration within the last three years, extensive work experience, high qualifications and multi-skilling each considerably decrease the likelihood of being unemployed for more than 365 days, both among creative workers and among all unemployed. The strength of this influence, however, differs within these two groups, with some co-variates significantly affecting the likelihood of long-term unemployment in the general sample. For example health, having children, or a willingness to take any job all appear to be non-significant for creative workers.
Weather Risk Management In The Agricultural Sector Of Poland And In The World
Authors: Michalak Dorota
Published: September 2015

Farming is an activity which is heavily exposed to risk. Farmers have to deal daily with the change of weather, crops, and prices, resulting not only in fluctuations in income, but also in the need to incur emergency expenses. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the available catastrophic insurance dedicated to the agriculture sector, with particular emphasis on compulsory insurance and with a comparison of the insurance systems of other countries and the Polish system. I also examine the level of awareness of Polish entrepreneurs in the agricultural industry of the impact of weather conditions on the business. The methodology used to answer the research question was the CAWI survey and market research. Despite the mandatory insurance of the selected risks, farmers still do not see the necessity to purchase insurance. The very design of the instrument raises questions, especially about the enforcement system for compliance with the insurance obligation and the type of risk being insured. The low awareness of the impact of weather on agricultural business and the possibility to protect the farm and benefits via the undertaken insurance activities is an undoubted problem in the development of insurance instruments on the market to protect the agricultural sector against adverse weather conditions. While one can see some similarities when comparing agricultural insurance schemes in different countries, nonetheless it is clear that these systems are significantly different from each other. This difference is justified, as is not possible to create a single coherent system which would take into account the economic, social, and cultural differences. Viewed against the background of insurance schemes operating in other countries, the Polish system looks disadvantageous. Given the rapid increase in the number of extreme weather phenomena and their increasing scale there is an urgent need for reforms.
Relational Resources As A Source Of Regional Competitive Advantage. Illustrated By The Examples Of The Lodzkie Voivodship And The Novosibirsk Oblast
Authors: Rudolf Wawrzyniec , Yusupova Almira
Published: September 2015

The paper aims to show relational resources as an increasingly significant factor in the competitiveness of territories. The authors argue that regions trying to increase their competitive position should undertake actions to facilitate the creation of a knowledge base and an institutional environment. This elaboration relies on the resource-based theory, used especially for analyzing relations between an organization and its environment. The paper presents theoretical considerations based on the desk research methodology and worldwide literature. Descriptive characterizations of two cases complete the presentations. The paper presents examples of two regions from different socio - economic systems, illustrating the role of relational resources in their development policy. These regions are the Lodz Voivodeship in Poland and the Novosibirsk Oblast of the Russian Federation. In their home countries, both of them had a strong economic position before the 1980's, and in the time of today’s recession are considered as regions with a slightly above-average potential for growth and good prospects for the development of their economy. Their current competitive positions in the investment market, in comparison with other regions in their countries, are also presented. The paper presents evidence that activities aimed at supporting relational resources (innovation policy, cluster development, cooperation between authorities and regional stakeholders) are conducted on a large scale. It also shows the importance given to relational resources in the developmental strategies of both regions. However, determinants resulting from the socioeconomic system and regional qualifications in the area of development management provide different opportunities to use these resources in practice.
Taxing Bitcoin Transactions Under Polish Tax Law
Authors: Kowalski Patryk
Published: September 2015

Recent years have witnessed the emergence of digital currencies - digital representations of value which are transferred using IT technologies and used as a medium of exchange but are not recognised as official means of payment. Bitcoins are one of such currencies and their popularity in Europe and in Poland has been growing. Hence it is a good time to consider to what extent Polish law is prepared to face the phenomenon and what potential problems may arise from it for the judicial system. The main objective of the paper is to analyse Polish tax regulations in the context of bitcoin transactions, as broadly understood.
Analysis of hot-wire measurements accuracy in turbulent boundary layer
Authors: Drózdz Artur , Elsner Witold
Published: September 2015

This paper discusses the issue of measuring velocity fluctuations of turbulent boundary layer using hot-wire probes. The study highlights the problem of spatial resolution, which is essential when measuring small-scales in wall-bounded flows. Additionally, attention was paid to the inconsistency in streamwise fluctuation measurements using single- and X-wire probes. To clarify this problem, the energy spectra using wavelet transformation were calculated. The analysis was performed for turbulent boundary layer flow, which was characterized by Reynolds number based on the friction velocity equal Re
Experimental and numerical study on condensation in transonic steam flow
Authors: Majkut Mirosław , Dykas Sławomir , Strozik Michał , Smołka Krystian
Published: September 2015

The present paper describes an experimental and numerical study of steam condensing flow in a linear cascade of turbine stator blades. The experimental research was performed on the facility of a small scale steam power plant located at Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice, Poland. The test rig of the facility allows us to perform the tests of steam transonic flows for the conditions corresponding to these which prevail in the low-pressure (LP) condensing steam turbine stages. The experimental data of steam condensing flow through the blade-to- blade stator channel were compared with numerical results obtained using the in-house CFD numerical code TraCoFlow. Obtained results confirmed a good quality of the performed experiment and numerical calculations.
Oil-free bearing development for high-speed turbomachinery in distributed energy systems – dynamic and environmental evaluation
Authors: Tkacz Eliza , Kozanecka Dorota , Kozanecki Zbigniew , Łagodziński Jakub
Published: September 2015

Modern distributed energy systems, which are used to provide an alternative to or an enhancement of traditional electric power systems, require small size highspeed rotor turbomachinery to be developed. The existing conventional oil-lubricated bearings reveal performance limits at high revolutions as far as stability and power loss of the bearing are concerned. Non-conventional, oil-free bearings lubricated with the machine working medium could be a remedy to this issue. This approach includes a correct design of the machine flow structure and an accurate selection of the bearing type. Chosen aspects of the theoretical and experimental investigations of oil-free bearings and supports; including magnetic, tilting pad, pressurized aerostatic and hydrostatic bearings as well as some applications of oil-free bearing technology for highspeed turbomachinery; are described in the paper.
Petrography and Geochemistry (Trace, Ree and Pge) of Pedda Cherlo Palle Gabbro-Diorite Pluton, Prakasam Igneous Province, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Subramanyam K.S.V. , Reddy U.V.B. , Balaram V. , Roy Parijat
Published: September 2015

Prakasam Igneous Province (PIP) is an important geological domain in the Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC), found in the junction zone between the EDC and Eastern Ghat Mobile Belt (EGMB). The Pedda Cherlo Palle (PCP) gabbros are massive, leucocratic-mesocractic, and show cumulus textures with minerals plagioclase, cpx, and amphiboles. Compositionally, plagioclase is a labradorite-bytownite, cpx is diopside to augite, olivines are hyalosiderites and amphiboles are magnesiohornblendes. PCP gabbros have normal SiO2, high Al2O3, moderate to high TiO2, Na2O and medium Fe2O3, so, classified as subalkaline tholeiitic gabbros. Fractionated rare earth element (REE) patterns, high abundance of large ion lithofile elements (LILE) and transitional metals coupled with light REE (LREE) relative enrichment over heavy REE (HREE) and Nb are characteristics of partial melting of depleted mantle and melts that have undergone fractional crystalisation. These partial melts are enriched in LREE and LILE, due to the addition of slab derived sediment and fluids. PCP gabbros contain low abundance (5.1 to 24.6 ng/g) of platinum group elements (PGE), and show an increase in the order Ir>Os>Pt>Ru»Pd>Rh. We propose that the subduction related intraoceanic island arc might have accreted to the southeastern margin of India to the east of Cuddapah basin in a collisional regime that took place during Ur to Rodinia amalgamations.
Fluid Inclusion Study of Quartz Xenocrysts in Mafic Dykes from Kawant Area, Chhota Udaipur District, Gujarat, India
Authors: Randive Kirtikumar , Hurai Vratislav
Published: September 2015

Unusual mafic dykes occur in the proximity of the Ambadongar Carbonatite Complex, Lower Narmada Valley, Gujarat, India. The dykes contain dense population of quartz xenocrysts within the basaltic matrix metasomatised by carbonate-rich fluids. Plagioclase feldspars, relict pyroxenes, chlorite, barite, rutile, magnetite, Fe-Ti oxides and glass were identified in the basaltic matrix. Quartz xenocrysts occur in various shapes and sizes and form an intricate growth pattern with carbonates. The xenocrysts are fractured and contain several types of primary and secondary, single phase and two-phase fluid inclusions. The two-phase inclusions are dominated by aqueous liquid, whereas the monophase inclusions are composed of carbonic gas and the aqueous inclusions homogenize to liquid between 226°C and 361°C. Majority of the inclusions are secondary in origin and are therefore unrelated to the crystallization of quartz. Moreover, the inclusions have mixed carbonic-aqueous compositions that inhibit their direct correlation with the crustal or mantle fluids. The composition of dilute CO2-rich fluids observed in the quartz xenocrysts appear similar to those exsolved during the final stages of evolution of the Amba Dongar carbonatites. However, the carbonates are devoid of fluid inclusions and therefore their genetic relation with the quartz xenocrysts cannot be established.
In situ gamma ray survey for geological mapping of Kmetasomatized metavolcanics at Bükkszentkereszt, Bükk Mts, Hungary
Authors: Németh Norbert , Pethõ Gábor , Zajzon Norbert
Published: September 2015

The Middle-Upper Triassic Bagolyhegy Metarhyolite Formation of the Bükk Mts. (Hungary) hosts silicified bodies with high potassic feldspar content formed by Kmetasomatism. The rocks underwent a multistage deformation history including syn- and postmetamorphic folding and faulting. As the outcrop area is covered by soil and debris with some exposed silicified cliffs only, and potassium content is a characteristic feature of the metasomatized rocks, geological mapping was supported by a spectral gamma ray survey with a scintillation detector of NaI(Tl) crystal. A thunderstorm felling the beech forest made the soil horizon B also accessible in several pits, providing the opportunity to make measurements on the weathered debris instead of the topsoil (horizon A). Measurements in different arrangements were designed to test the effects of measuring time, measuring geometry and soil horizon. Our results show that concentration values obtained on the debris with a 2 min measuring time can be compared with those measured on exposed rock surfaces, producing a more reliable geological map than measurements on the topsoil with randomly variable K depletion. Pit geometry effects can be eliminated by the K/(eU+eTh) ratio. This results in a more realistic K distribution map if neither U nor Th enrichments are present. The survey successfully delineated the unexposed outcrop of K-enriched rocks on the survey area.
Synthesis and antimicrobial properties of 5,5′-modified 2′,5′-dideoxyuridines
Authors: Negria Sergey D. , Karpenko Inna L. , Efremenkova Olga V. , Chizhov Alexander O. , Kochetkov Sergey N. , Alexandrova Liudmila A.
Published: September 2015

An effective method of synthesis of 5,5′-modified 2′,5′-dideoxyuridine derivatives is based on sequential 5′-iodination and azidation of 5-[4-(1-decyl)-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]methyl-2′-deoxyuridine followed by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the intermediate azide with an olefin under the catalysis of Cu(I) resulting in 75–85% yield of 5′-[4-substituted (1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]-5-[4-(1-decyl)-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]methyl-2′,5′-dideoxyuridine. The compounds were shown to possess low cytotoxicity in Vero, A549 cells and Jurkat cell cultures and did not demonstrate noticeable antimicrobial activity.
Biology of germination of medicinal plant seeds. Part XIXb. Diaspores of Inula helenium L. from Asteraceae family
Authors: Bilińska Elżbieta , Buchwald Waldemar
Published: September 2015

Morphological features of diaspores and seedlings of Inula helenium L. were described. A four-year cycle of monthly germination analysis was carried out. It was found that accessible light and various temperatures (30°C over 8 hours, 20°C over 16 hours) were optimal for the analysis of Inula helenium fruit germination ability. In these conditions, the percentage of germinated achenes was up to 90%. Diaspores stored in unheated room kept their viability even up to seven years after harvest.
Kinins and peptide receptors
Authors: Regoli Domenico , Gobeil Fernand
Published: September 2015

This paper is divided into two sections: the first contains the essential elements of the opening lecture presented by Pr. Regoli to the 2015 International Kinin Symposium in S. Paulo, Brazil on June 28th and the second is the celebration of Dr. Regoli’s 60 years of research on vasoactive peptides. The cardiovascular homeostasis derives from a balance of two systems, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS). The biologically active effector entity of RAS is angiotensin receptor-1 (AT-1R), and that of KKS is bradykinin B2 receptor (B2R). The first mediates vasoconstriction, the second is the most potent and efficient vasodilator. Thanks to its complex and multi-functional mechanism of action, involving nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin and endothelial hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). B2R is instrumental for the supply of blood, oxygen and nutrition to tissues. KKS is present on the vascular endothelium and functions as an autacoid playing major roles in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes. KKS exerts a paramount role in the prevention of thrombosis and atherosclerosis. Such knowledge emphasizes the already prominent value of the ACE-inhibitors (ACEIs) for the treatment of CVDs and diabetes. Indeed, the ACEIs, thanks to their double action (block of the RAS and potentiation of the KKS) are the ideal agents for a rational treatment of these diseases.
Regulation of Insulin and Insulin-Like Activity in Malnourished Patients with Carcinoma Ventriculi Subjected to Total Gastrectomy and Personalized Nutritional Support/ Kontrola insulinske i aktivnosti slične insulinu kod neuhranjenih pacijenata sa tumorom želuca podvrgnutih totalnoj gastrektomiji i lično adaptiranoj ishrani
Authors: Nedić Olgica , Miljuš Goran , Malenković Vesna
Published: September 2015

Background: Insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) activities are disturbed during critical illness. Time-course changes in the concentrations of insulin, IGF-I and IGFbinding proteins (IGFBPs) were monitored in this study and their correlation with interleukin (IL)-6 was assessed in patients subjected to total gastrectomy and specific nutritional regime.

Methods: Patients were fed post-operatively according to the following scheme: parenteral nutrition on day 1, enteral nutrition combined with parenteral form from day 2 to 7, peroral nutrition from day 8 and full oral nutrition from day 14. Blood samples were taken periodically and the levels of IL-6, insulin, IGF-I and IGFBP-1 to -4 were determined.

Results: On day 1 post-operatively, the concentration of IL- 6 reached its maximum and decreased afterwards. The concentration of insulin increased until day 3 and then started to fall. The concentration of IGF-I, already low preoperatively, continued to decrease. The concentration of IGFBP-1 peaked on day 1 post-operatively, whereas the concentration of IGFBP-3 decreased on that day. The concentration of IL-6 correlated positively with the concentration of IGFBP-1 and negatively with IGFBP-3. On day 14, the concentrations of IL-6, insulin and IGFBP-1 returned to or were close to their basal levels, whereas the concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 remained reduced.

Conclusions: 14-day post-operative recovery, which included specific nutritional support, was suitable to restore insulin concentration and re-establish IGFBP-1 regulation primarily by nutrition. Very low IGF-I level on day 14 after surgery and IGFBP-3 concentration still lower than before surgery indicated that the catabolic condition was not compensated.
Evaluation of the Uniform Field Distortions Produced by a Toroidal Dielectric Body / Novērtējums Viendabīga Elektriskā Lauka Izkropļojumiem, Kurus Rada Toroīda Formas Dielektrisks Ķermenis
Authors: Krasnitsky Y. A. , Popov A. E. , Kalnacs A.
Published: September 2015

Distortions of the structure of a uniform electric field when a dielectric body with a toroidal shape is placed in it are considered in the quasi-static approximation. The rate of distortion is proposed to estimate through the effective permittivity of toroid determined by solving the corresponding boundary value problem. Some numerical estimates obtained using specially developed software in the language of Matlab are given.
Re-examining the Policies in the Humanitarian Aid Sector – A Call for Greater “Value Rationality”
Authors: Khan Sabithulla
Published: September 2015

Faith-based giving in the U.S. constitutes over one-third of all charity (Giving USA, 2013). The proliferation of policy initiatives that promoted faith-based giving and giving to humanitarian aid organizations post George W Bush’s establishment of the Office of Faith-based initiatives and community Partnerships has been controversial, to say the least. But despite this, the sector has been robust. One segment of philanthropy that has been unnecessarily controversial is that of Islamic charity. With the attacks of September 11, 2001, there were a slew of legislative as well as Executive reforms that put Islamic charities under the scanner. Executive Order 13224 and the subsequent initiatives under the PATRIOT Act have reduced donations to Islamic charities, in the initial year. In this short paper, I argue that some of the restrictive measures in place – that apply to NGOs working in conflict zones – should be removed, so aid can reach the beneficiaries, so that NGOs’ offering this aid to not fear being targeted by U.S. law enforcement authorities. Given the massive refugee crisis we are witnessing, the role of Muslim NGOs in conflict zones may become crucial for long-term rehabilitation and resettlement.
Detection of Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging with Fiber Bragg Gratings
Authors: Shuaiqi Jing , Jianye Sun , Nengzhu Zhang , Lin Huang , Jian Rong
Published: September 2015

In this paper, we explore a simple and effective fiber Bragg grating demodulation setup to detect ultrasound. Different frequency ultrasound from hundreds of kHz to several MHz were detected successfully. For the first time, we combine ultrasound from a PZT transducer with a photoacoustic imaging systemto obtain a clear photoacoustic image of our pencil lead sample. With the advantage of small size and all-optical features, this method has the potential to be applied to medical endoscopic examination in an electromagnetic environment. This preliminary study suggests that the ultrasound detection with fiber Bragg grating is both meaningful and feasible.
Thermoacoustic imaging of human finger joints and bones
Authors: Lin Huang , Weizhi Qi , Yuan Zhao , Zihui Chi , Nengzhu Zhang , Jian Rong , Dakun Lai
Published: September 2015

In this study, we explore a new application of thermoacoustic tomography (TAT) for imaging human finger joints and bones. Three volunteers’ finger joints and bones were visualized with satisfying image contrast and spatial resolution by a TAT scanner. The recovered TAT images revealed apparent microwave absorption differences between the joint cavity and bone. Beyond the full single finger imaging, a volunteer’s four fingers were clearly and concurrently imaged. To confirm our observations, MRI images of two volunteers’ fingers were performed, and the TAT recovered shape/size of the fingers were consistent with the MRI findings. To further assess the feasibility of TAT for finger joint and bone imaging, we quantitatively calculated the conductivity of a case. This initial study suggests that TAT may be a good candidate for screening, diagnosing, and monitoring treatment of joint and bone diseases.
Thermoacoustic tomography: A novel method for early breast tumor detection
Authors: Lin Huang , Weizhi Qi , Jinyu Xu , Yuan Zhao , Zihui Chi , Dan Wu , Jian Rong , Dakun Lai
Published: September 2015

This article presents a comprehensive review on a non-invasive, high resolution and high contrast imaging modality, called thermoacoustic tomography (TAT). Details about the principles, history and future directions of TAT are described.
Magnetoacoustic Tomography with Magnetic Induction (MAT-MI) Reconstruction Algorithm Based on Characteristics of Acoustic Transducer
Authors: Ma Ren , Yin Tao , Liu Zhipeng
Published: September 2015

A MAT-MI reconstruction algorithm was applied to general sound detection systems, and the influence of acoustic transducers on MAT-MI image reconstruction was investigated in this paper. The acoustic intensity measurement system was used to measure the acoustic field, and the data was then used to build the acoustic transducer model by a interpolation method. The model was applied to forward and inverse problems of MAT-MI based on Green’s function and discretization method. In order to verify the algorithm, a simulation was carried out using sphere scan schema and cylinder scan schema. A 3D phantom model was set up based on S-L model in CT, with the help of finite element analysis method and the distribution of the transient electromagnetic field and the eddy currentwere calculated. Simulation and reconstruction results through numerical calculation using MATLAB were obtained. Results show that the algorithm can reconstruct the distribution of acoustic source vector; the correlation coefficients are 98.49% and 94.96%, and can be applied to the general transducer. This study provided a basis for the experimental study of MAT-MI and a precise reconstruction of conductivity distribution.
Recent Progress in Multimodal Photoacoustic Tomography
Authors: Xia Jun , Wang Yuehang , Wan Hongying
Published: September 2015

Since its first demonstration of functional imaging in small animals about a decade ago, photoacoustic tomography (PAT) has quickly become one of the fastest growing biomedical imaging modalities. Combining optical excitation with acoustic detection, PAT can provide detailed images of tissues deep in the body. While PAT technology continues to improve significantly, substantial efforts have also been made to develop multimodal PAT systems. These systems not only provide complementary information for more comprehensive characterization of tissue, they also generate data that can be used to further improve PAT reconstruction. This review will present current progress in multimodal PAT imaging, focusing on the technical aspects of integration and its applications in biomedicine.
First record of the Austral Negrito (Aves: Passeriformes) from the South Shetlands, Antarctica
Authors: Gryz Piotr , Korczak−Abshire Małgorzata , Gerlée Alina
Published: September 2015

The order Passeriformes is the most successful group of birds on Earth, however, its representatives are rare visitors beyond the Polar Front zone. Here we report a photo-documented record of an Austral Negrito (Lessonia rufa), first known occurrence of this species in the South Shetland Islands and only the second such an observation in the Antarctic region. This record was made at Lions Rump, King George Island, part of the Antarctic Specially Protected Area No. 151 (ASPA 151). There is no direct evidence of how the individual arrived at Lions Rump, but ship assistance cannot be excluded.
The Impact of Nutrition, Sedentary Behaviour and Lifestyle on School-Age Children
Authors: Pantea-Stoian Anca , Chilianu Sabina , Stefanca Florentina , Elian Viviana , Serafinceanu Cristian
Published: September 2015

Background and Aims. Diet and lifestyle in school-age children have a particularly large impact on health, as well as various consequences in future. The objective of this papers it to assess the relationship between lifestyle and daily diet and the effects of an unhealthy diet. Material and Methods. An observational cohort study was conducted in Bucharest, in three schools and one high school on 100 children, between 2011 and 2013. The criterion for inclusion was the appropriate age (school-age). The protocol consisted in clinical examination, body mass index (BMI) calculation, questions about diet, physical activity and time spent watching television (TV). Results. Most children do not respect a schedule of meals and snacks (78%). Unhealthy diet (fast food, carbonated beverages, chocolate) registered higher preferences. Mean TV time was 2.32 hours/day (SD=1.92) and a strong evidence on relationship between age and number of hours allocated to TV was discovered (p< .01). Four percent of children were found to be under the 5th percentile (underweight), 18% between 85th and 95th percentile (overweight) and 14% above 95th percentile (obesity). Conclusions. A sedentary life in this case was mainly determined by the time spent daily in front of the television rather than lack of exercise.