bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development, promotion, and application of online OvAge calculator based on the WeChat applet: Clinical prediction model research
Authors: Xu Wenwen , Wang Hui , Han LinTing , Zhao XueLi , Chen PanPan , Zhao Haiyang , Jin Jing , Zhu Zheng , Ren Qingling , Shao Fang
Published: March 2022

Background: Currently, there are many clinical markers and models for evaluating ovarian reserve. However, none of them is ideal, especially the ovarian reserve assessment model applied to Chinese women, which needs further research. It is well known that the number of clinical samples is the main factor limiting the specificity and sensitivity of markers and models. At the same time, the traditional method of recruiting subjects requires a lot of time and has a high cost.Purpose: In this study, to explore the possibility of subjects self-reporting through WeChat applets and to provide more data for further optimization of the OvAge model, we developed an ovarian age prediction model for Chinese women.Methods: This study developed an online Ovarian Age（OvAge） calculator based on the WeChat applet and applied a generalized linear model to optimize the ovarian age prediction model that meets the physiological characteristics of Chinese women.Results: Compared with traditional recruitment methods, the online OvAge calculator can collect a large number of subjects in a very short time, which is efficient and convenient. In addition, the optimized formula, OvAge=exp(3.5254-0.001*PRL-0.0231*AMH), is currently a suitable model for ovarian age assessment of healthy Chinese women. We applied the final equation to the healthy population, decreased ovarian reserve (DOR), and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) population datasets. The results show that there is no significant difference between ovarian age and chronological age in healthy people, and the prediction accuracy is high.Conclusion: The OvAge calculator based on the WeChat applet is a new type of online self-report system that can collect a large number of subjects in a short time and can continuously optimize the model and update the applet version. This model is economical and efficient, and it is worthy of [1]promotion. The optimized OvAge model also provides a reference value for the clinical evaluation of ovarian reserve.
Fast and Robust Detection of Adversarial Attacks in the Problem Space using Machine Learning
Authors: NASEEM MUHAMMAD LUQMAN , Sehar Uroosa
Published: March 2022

Machine learning is widely accepted as an accurate statistical approach for malware detection to cope with the rising uncertainty risk and complexity of modern intrusions. Not only has machine learning security been asked, but it has also been challenged in the past. However, it has been identified that machine learning contains intrinsic weaknesses that may be exploited to avoid detection during testing. So, look at it another way, machine learning can become an intelligence system bottleneck. We use the related attack methodology to classify different types of attacks using learning-based malware detection techniques in this research by evaluating attackers with unique abilities and talents. After this, to carefully identify the security of Drebin, Android malware detection has been performed. We implemented and did a set of comparable malware detection using the linear SVM and other relevant techniques, including Sec-SVM, Reduced SVM, Reduced Sec-SVM, Na ̈ıve Bayes, Random Forest Classifier, and some deep neural networks. The main agenda of this paper is the presentation of a scalable and straightforward securelearning methodology that reduces the effect of adversarial attacks. In the presence of an attack, the detection accuracy is only a bit worsened. Finally, we evaluate that our robust technique may be accurately adapted to additional intrusion prevention tasks.
Serum Ferritin As A Novel Predictive Marker For Breast Cancer Metastasis And Correlation With Metastasis-Associated Burden
Authors: Yao Xufeng , He Xiang , Gan Lu , Wang Xiaoyi , Cheng Qiao
Published: March 2022

The present study evaluated the potential of serum ferritin to predict the breast cancer metastasis incidence and correlation with the metastasis-associated burden. A total of 364 patients with breast cancer comprising 123 patients with distant metastasis and 241 with no metastasis were retrospectively reviewed. The levels of the three serum tumor markers, namely ferritin, CA15-3, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), were analyzed in different pathological types and metastatic sites. Of these, serum ferritin was associated with breast cancer metastasis with the highest sensitivity and specificity. An optimal ferritin cut-off value of 170.7 μg/mL was obtained.The capacity for metastatic breast cancer detection was significantly higher when using a combination of two or all three markers for detection. The combination of ferritin and CA15-3 could be the optimal choice considering socioeconomics and predictive ability. Ferritin has higher predictive efficiency in HR- / HER2+ and HR- / HER2- molecular subtypes. The baseline serum ferritin, CA15-3, and CEA levels in breast cancer reflected the extent of tumor dissemination to the metastatic sites, which reflected the correlation between tumor markers and metastasis-associated burden. The serum ferritin, CA15-3, and CEA levels in patients with liver metastasis were significantly higher than those in patients with lung and bone metastasis. Therefore, ferritin can be a noninvasive biomarker for monitoring breast cancer metastasis.
ER-Golgi and lysosomal pathways together drive fibrous tissue formation
Authors: Pickard Adam , Garva Richa , Adamson Antony , Calverley Ben , Hoyle Anna , Hayward Christina , Spiller David , Lu Yinhui , Hodson Nigel , Swift Joe , Bigger Brian , Kadler Karl
Published: March 2022

Vast numbers of elongated collagen fibrils are assembled in the extracellular matrix during development then persist unchanged throughout life to maintain tissue shape. How cells distinguish between the synthesis of new fibrils and elongation of existing fibrils cannot be explained with our current understanding of protein secretion. Using CRISPR/Cas9 endogenous engineering of cells to express collagen-I containing photoswitchable and bioluminescent tags, we showed that fibroblasts secrete 100,000 collagen-I molecules/h via the conventional ER-Golgi pathway whereas fibril formation occurs at the plasma membrane at times longer than 24 h and requires functional lysosomes that store procollagen, without degradation, with a t½ of 70 h. We showed that cells from patients with lysosomal storage disorders exhibit impaired collagen fibril assembly. Thus, we have uncovered distinct transport routes for collagen fibril nucleation versus elongation. We suggest targeting lysosomal function could be a new approach for treating collagenopathies for which cures are unavailable.
Discovering Common Pathogenic Mechanisms of COVID-19 and Parkinson Disease: an Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Jahanimoghadam Aria , Abdolahzadeh Hadis , rad Niloofar Khoshdel , Zahiri Javad
Published: March 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged since December 2019 and was later characterized as a pandemic by WHO, imposing a major public health threat globally. Our study aimed to identify common signatures from different biological levels to enlighten the current unclear association between COVID-19 and Parkinson's disease (PD) as a number of possible links and hypotheses were reported in the literature. We have analyzed transcriptome data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of both COVID-19 and PD patients, resulting in a total of 81 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The functional enrichment analysis of common DEGs are mostly involved in the complement system, type II interferon signaling (IFNG) pathway, oxidative damage, microglia pathogen phagocytosis pathway, GABAergic synapse. The protein-protein interaction network (PPIN) construction was carried out followed by hub detection, revealing 10 hub genes (MX1, IFI27, C1QC, C1QA, IFI6, NFIX, C1S, XAF1, IFI35, and ELANE). Some of the hub genes were associated with molecular mechanisms such as Lewy bodies-induced inflammation, microglia activation, and cytokine storm. We investigated regulatory elements of hub genes at transcription factor and microRNA levels. The major transcription factors regulating hub genes are SOX2, XAF1, RUNX1, MITF, and SPI1. We propose that these events may have important roles in the onset or progression of PD. To sum up, our analysis describes possible mechanisms linking COVID-19 and PD, elucidating some unknown clues in between.
High resolution records of caesium, plutonium, americium and uranium isotopes in sediment cores from Swiss lakes
Authors: Röllin Stefan , Corcho-Alvarado José Antonio , Sahli Hans , Putyrskaya Victoria , Klemt Eckehard
Published: March 2022

The Aare river system in Switzerland, with two nuclear power plants on the banks of the river, and its intermediate lakes and reservoirs, provide a unique opportunity to analyze the contribution of different sources to the radioactive contamination. Sediment cores were collected from two lakes and a reservoir, all connected by the river Aare. In order to study the influence of the Chernobyl accident, one sediment core was collected from a lake in the southern part of Switzerland. The sediment cores were sliced and analysed with gamma ray spectrometry. Plutonium, americium and uranium were extracted radiochemically and their concentrations measured with a sector field ICP-MS. The uranium isotope ratios were further measured with a multi collector ICP-MS. The maximum 137Cs activity from the Chernobyl accident and the Pu and 137Cs activities associated to the 1963 global fallout maximum were well identified in sediments from all three lakes. High resolution records of plutonium isotopes in the zone of the sediments corresponding to the period of maximum fallout from the atmospheric nuclear weapon showed distinct fingerprints, depending on the different test activities. Pu isotope ratios could be used to detect non global fallout plutonium. The ratio 241Am/241Pu was used to determine the age of the plutonium. Despite of very low 241Pu and 241Am concentrations, the calculated plutonium production dates seemed to be reasonable for the sediment layers corresponding to the NWT tests. The calculated production date of the plutonium in the upper most 15 cm of the sediment core seemed to be younger. The reason for this could be additional non-global fallout plutonium or a higher mobility of plutonium compared to americium. For the lake sediments, natural ratios for 235U/238U and enriched or depleted ratios for 234U/238U were measured, depending on the lake. A small increase of the 236U/238U ratio could be recognized for the NWT zone in all three lakes and, for Lake Lugano, a further distinct increase in the Chernobyl layer.
Effects of the pannexin-1 hemichannel inhibitor probenecid on rat enteric glial cells following intestinal ischemia and reperfusion
Authors: Mendes Cristina Eusébio , Palombit Kelly , Pereira Thaira Thalita Alves , Castelucci Patricia
Published: March 2022

Background : This study examined the effects of probenecid (PB), a pannexin-1 channel antagonist, on the enteric glial cells of the rat ileum after ischemia and reperfusion. Methods: The ileal vessels were occluded for 45 min with atraumatic vascular clamps, and the tissue was then reperfused for periods of 24 h and 14 and 28 days. After ischemia, the animals were either left without further treatment (IR groups) or treated with PB (PB groups). Results: The results demonstrated that glial cells were immunoreactive for S100β and/or GFAP and that the pannexin-1 channel was present in glial cells. Density analyses (in cells/cm2) showed that the IR groups exhibited a decrease in the numbers of cells immunoreactive for pannexin-1 and HuC/D and that treatment with PB caused their numbers to recover. The number of glial cells (S100β and GFAP) was elevated in the IR group, and PB treatment decreased the total number of glia, but the number of S100β-positive glia did not recover. Additionally, the cell profile area (μm2) of S100β-positive glial cells showed no recovery in the PB groups. The contractile activity of the ileum was decreased in the IR groups and restored in the PB groups. Conclusions: PB can effectively induce the recovery of neurons and glial cells and is thus a potential therapeutic agent for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
Repurposing Peptidomimetic Drugs as Potential Inhibitors of Novel SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Using Network Theory: A Protein-Ligand Binding Site Similarity Approach
Authors: Bhayye Sagar , Sukumar Nagamani
Published: March 2022

A new strain of coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic, which has not only affected the health of millions of individuals, but also caused severe socio-economic disruption. To curb the spread of the virus, various strategies have been employed to develop new drug therapy. Considering the pandemic condition, targeting the substrate binding site of main protease enzyme of SARS-CoV-2, which plays an important role in replication of the coronavirus, will be beneficial. Its high similarity with its predecessor virus’s main protease and dissimilarity with human protease makes it a promising target and will also facilitate drug repurposing. In this study, we have used Protein Encoded Shape Distributions (PESD) to calculate similarity between the ligand binding site of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease and other proteins. Similarity networks were constructed between these proteins using different distance metrics with edge density < 0.1 percent. Construction of low edge density protein-ligand binding site similarity networks helped in rational identification of the most similar ligand binding sites of proteins with the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Based on this knowledge, a dataset of FDA approved drug molecules as well as experimental drugs was collected from the literature. These molecules were subjected to virtual screening through molecular docking against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, followed by conventional molecular dynamics simulation, replica exchange molecular dynamics and binding free energy calculations. Based on these studies Q27458218 have been found to be suitable for repurposing as a SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor.
The changes of the calf-vein deformation and femoral vein peak velocity during ankle pump exercise with or without graduated compression stockings
Authors: Li Xinhua , Zhuang Zaikai , Ai Dongmei , Yao Yao , Zheng Liming , Qin Jianghui , Chen Dongyang , Chai Senlin , Lu Jun , Jiang Qing
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To analyze the changes of lower limb hemodynamics parameters before and after wearing graduated compression stockings (GCS) during ankle pump exercise in patients preparing for arthroplastic surgery.Method: The leg veins of 16 patients awaiting arthroplasty were analyzed using a Sonosite M-Turbo ultrasound system during ankle pump exercise with or without GCS. Measured data including the cross-sectional area (CSA), anteroposterior (AP) diameter and lateromedial (LM) diameter of the soleus vein (SV), posterior tibial vein (PTV) and great saphenous vein (GSV). Additionally, the peak velocities of femoral vein (FV) were also measured. Results: GCS could significantly decrease the cross-sectional area of SV, PTV and GSV in supine position at rest and maximum ankle plantar flexion. But the compression effect of GCS to SV and GSV was not observed during maximum ankle dorsiflexion. We also found that GCS application reduced the peak flow velocity of the femoral vein from 61.85 cm/s (95% CI = 50.94-72.75 cm/s) to 38.01cm/s (95% CI = 28.42-47.59 cm/s) (P＜0.001) during ankle plantar flexion and decreased the femoral vein in these patients from 80.65cm/s (95% CI = 70.37-90.92 cm/s) to 51.15 cm/s (95% CI = 42.58-59.73 cm/s) (P＜0.001) during ankle dorsiflexion. But this effect was not significant in supine position at rest.Conclusions: GCS could significantly reduce the peak flow velocity of the femoral vein during ankle pump exercise in the patients preparing for arthroplastic surgery.
How does vertical fiscal imbalance affect CO2 emissions ? the role of capital mismatch
Authors: Feng Tianchu , Liu Liangliang , Liu Meijuan
Published: March 2022

The issue of climate warming caused by greenhouse gases is an important practical issue. This research aims to explore the impact of vertical fiscal imbalance (VFI) on CO2 emissions from the perspective of theoretical analysis and empirical research. This study uses panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2004 to 2018 to test this issue. Results show that VFI has a significant positive impact on CO2 emissions and that capital misallocation exacerbates the positive impact of VFI on CO2 emissions. These research results also have significant temporal heterogeneity. In the sample results after 2008, the results are more significant. These conclusions provide an economic and political reference for local governments to achieve CO2 neutrality and CO2 peaking policy goals and to promote in-depth reform of the fiscal system.
DNA uptake by cell wall-deficient bacteria reveals a putative ancient macromolecule uptake mechanism
Authors: Kapteijn Renee , Shitut Shraddha , Aschmann Dennis , Zhang Le , de Beer Marit , Daviran Deniz , Roverts Rona , Akiva Anat , Wezel Gilles van , Kros Alexander , Claessen Dennis
Published: March 2022

Horizontal gene transfer in bacteria is widely believed to occur via three main mechanisms: conjugation, transduction and transformation. These mechanisms facilitate the passage of DNA across the protective cell wall using sophisticated machinery. We present here a new mechanism of DNA uptake that is independent of canonical DNA uptake machineries and is used by bacteria that live without a cell wall. We show that the cell wall-deficient bacteria engulf extracellular material, whereby intracellular vesicles are formed, and DNA is internalized. This mechanism is not specific to DNA, and allows uptake of other macromolecules and even 125 nm lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Uptake was prevented by molecules known to inhibit eukaryotic endocytosis, suggesting this to be an energy-dependent process. Given that cell wall-deficient bacteria are considered a model for early life forms, our work provides a possible mechanism for primordial cells to acquire new genetic material or food before invention of the bacterial cell wall.
Ion Transport and Limited Currents in Supporting Electrolytes and Ionic Liquids
Authors: Schalenbach Maximilian , Durmus Yasin Emre , Tempel Hermann , Kungl Hans , Eichel Rüdiger-A.
Published: March 2022

Supporting electrolytes contain inert dissolved salts to increase the conductivity, change microenvironments near the electrodes and assist in electrochemical reactions. Herein, a combined experimental and computational study examines the impact of supporting salts on the ion transport and limited currents of electrochemical reactions. A physical model that describes multi-ion transport in liquid electrolytes and the related concentration gradients is discussed. This model and its parameterization are evaluated by the measured limited current of the copper deposition in a CuSO4 electrolyte under a gradually increasing amount of Na2SO4 that acts as a supporting salt. A computational sensibility analysis of the transport model reveals that the shared conductance between the ions lowers the limited currents with larger supporting salt concentrations. When the supporting salt supplies most of the conductance, the electric-field-driven transport of the electrochemically active ions becomes negligible so that the limited current drops to the diffusion-limited current that is described by Fick’s first law. The transition from diluted supporting electrolyte to the case of ionic liquids is elucidated with the transport model, highlighting the different physical transport mechanisms in a non-conducting (polar) and a conducting (ionic) solvent.
Exploring the mechanistic pathways of how social network influences social norms in adolescent smoking prevention interventions
Authors: Montes Felipe , Blanco Martha , Useche Andres , Sanchez-Franco Sharon , Caro Carlos , Tong Lei , Li Jie , Zhou Huiyu , Murray Jennifer M. , Sarmiento Olga L. , Kee Frank , Hunter Ruth F.
Published: March 2022

We know little about how smoking prevention interventions might leverage social network structures to enhance protective social norms. In this study we combined statistical and network science methods to explore how social networks influence social norms related to adolescent smoking in school-specific settings in Northern Ireland and Colombia. Pupils (12–15 years old) participated in two smoking prevention interventions in both countries (n = 1344). A Latent Transition Analysis identified three groups characterized by descriptive and injunctive norms towards smoking. We employed a Separable Temporal Random Graph Model to analyze homophily in social norms and conducted a descriptive analysis of the changes in the students’ and their friends’ social norms over time to account for social influence. The results showed that students were more likely to be friends with others who had social norms against smoking. However, students with social norms favorable towards smoking had more friends with similar views than the students with perceived norms against smoking, underlining the importance of network thresholds. Our results support that the ASSIST intervention takes advantage of the friendship network to make a greater change in the students' smoking social norms than the Dead Cool intervention, supporting that social norms are subject to social influence.
WITHDRAWN: A Retrospective Study of Prevalence of Porcine Parvoviruses 6 in Guangxi, China and Its Co-Infection with Porcine Circovirus
Authors: Yu Ning , Yu Ziping , Chen Luer , Liu Yumeng , Feng Sheng , Zhuang Xinyu , Li Zhuoxin , Li Chenghui , Zhu Xiangyu , Zhang He , Wang Wei , Sun Wenchao , Jin Ningyi , Lu Huijin
Published: March 2022

Background
Parvovirus can infect human and a variety of animals (such as pigs, dogs, cats, etc.). Porcine parvovirus is characterized by infertility, mummified fetuses, early embryonic death, and stillbirths. Worldwide, many porcine parvoviruses (PPVs) have been linked to porcine circovirus (PCV) associated disease (PCVAD).
Results
By PCR amplification and sequencing, the total PPV6-positive rate was 12.5% (62/497) and the positive rate of PPV6 ranged from 12.0–17.6% in differently city. Meanwhile, we found that the positive rate of PPV6 co-infection with PCV (69.4%) was significantly higher than that of PPV6 infection alone (30.6%) (p < 0.01). The positive rate of PPV6 co-infected with PCV2 was significantly higher than that of PPV6 co-infection with PCV3 and PCV4. Of ten PPV6 isolates, six isolates were 6112 nt in length and four isolates were 6111 nucleotides (nt) in length. Compared with the reference strains, we found that the 3' UTRs of ten strains are lacked 14 and 15 bases, respectively, which leads to significant changes in the RNA secondary structure. Within the VP1 unique region, compared with PPV1, PPV2 and PPV3, the motifs of the Ca2+ binding loop (YTGPR) and the catalytic residues (HDIRY) of putative secretory PLA2 were very conserved without amino acid mutation. Phylogenetic analysis of the NS1 gene showed that all PPV6 isolates were located in the genus Copiparvovirus together with PPV4 and PPV5. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 gene showed that all PPV6 strains isolated from China clustered in group B, except for the three Chinese strains that clustered in group A. Combined with the results of multiple sequence alignment and genetic evolution, we found a total of 14 amino acid mutation related to phylogenetic tree branches (R14K/Q, I116L/K/T, N788S, R789/M, S/T791H, M792H, A815S, D873G, N919S, R938K, S941T, R1013H, T1038N, T1042D/Y). Compared with PPV6 sequences in different geographic regions, the VP1 gene is more prone to mutation than NS1 gene. From which, two adaptive mutations were found in NS1 (Q3H, P20H) and VP1 (A619T, Q730E), respectively. In addition, we predicted the B cell and T lymphoid epitopes of the NS1 and VP1 genes of 10 PPV6 strains, respectively, and speculated that compare with VP1, the NS1 gene is more suitable as an epitope vaccine target.
Conclusion
In summary, our findings provide new insight into the prevalence of PPV6 in Guangxi, China, as well as lay the foundation for the study of virus infection mechanism.
Urinary Metabolic modulation in human participants residing in Siachen base camp: A 1H NMR Metabolomics Approach
Authors: Gandhi Sonia , Bhadra Kuntal , Gupta Isha , Kanwar Ratnesh Singh
Published: March 2022

The main physiological challenge in high altitude environment is hypoxia which affects the aerobic metabolism reducing the energy supply. These changes may further progress towards extreme environment related diseases. These are further reflected in changes in small molecule metabolites and metabolic pathways. In the present study, metabolic changes due to chronic environmental hypoxia were assessed using 1H NMR metabolomics by comparing the urinary metabolic profile of 70 control soldiers residing at sea level with 40 soldiers residing in Siachen base camp (3700 m) for one year. Multivariate statistical analysis was carried out and PLSDA was able to detect 15 metabolites based on VIP score > 1. ROC analysis was able to detect cis-aconitate, Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, Tyrosine, Choline and Creatinine metabolites with high range of sensitivity and specificity. Pathway analysis revealed 16 pathways impact > 0.05 and phenylalanine tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis was the most prominent altered pathway indicating metabolic remodeling to meet the energy requirements. TCA cycle, Glycine serine and Theronine metabolism, Glutathione metabolism and Cysteine alterations were other metabolic pathways which were affected during long-term high-altitude hypoxia exposure. Present findings will help in unlocking new dimension for potential application of NMR metabolomics to address extreme environment related health problems, early detection and developing strategies to combat high altitude hypoxia.
Analysis of PPI networks of transcriptomic expression identifies hub genes associated with Newcastle disease virus persistent infection in bladder cancer
Authors: Ahmad Umar , Abdullah Syahril , Chau De Ming , Chia Suet Lin , Yusoff Khatijah , Chan Soon Choy , Ong Teng Aik , Razack Azad Hassan , Veerakumarasivam Abhi
Published: March 2022

Bladder cancer cells acquire persistent infection associated with oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in which its molecular events are still unclear. This poses a potential problem for oncolytic virus application for cancer therapy. To unravel the molecular mechanism underlying the development of NDV persistent infection in bladder cancer, we used mRNA expression profile of the persistently infected bladder cancer cells to construct PPI network. Based on path and module exploring in the PPI network, the bridges were found mainly from pathways of p53 signalling, ECM-receptor interaction, and TGF-beta signalling by the upregulated mRNAs, to the antigen processing and presentation, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, completement and coagulation cascades by the downregulated mRNAs in NDV persistent TCCSUPPi cells. In persistent EJ28Pi cells comparatively, connections were identified mainly from pathways of renal carcinoma, viral carcinogenesis, Ras signalling and cell cycle by the upregulated mRNAs, to the Wnt signalling, HTLV-I infection and pathways in cancer by the downregulated mRNAs. This connection was mainly dependent on of RPL8- HSPA1A/HSPA4 in TCCSUPPi cells and EP300, PTPN11, RAC1 - TP53, SP1, CCND1 and XPO1 in EJ28Pi cells. Oncomine validation showed that the top hub genes identified in the network that includes RPL8, THBS1, F2 from TCCSUPPi and TP53 and RAC1 from EJ28Pi are involved in the development and progression of bladder cancer. Protein-drug interaction network, have identified several drugs targets that could be used to disconnect the linkages between modules and prevent bladder cancer cells from acquiring NDV persistent infection. This is the first time reporting the PPI network analysis of differentially expressed mRNAs of the NDV persistently infected bladder cancer cell lines which provide an insight into screening drugs that could be used together with NDV to manage bladder cancer resistance to therapy and progression.
Magnified endoscopy with texture and color enhanced imaging with indigo carmine for superficial nonampullary duodenal tumor: A pilot study
Authors: Okimoto Kenichiro , Matsumura Tomoaki , Maruoka Daisuke , Kurosugi Akane , Shiratori Wataru , Nagashima Ariki , Ishikawa Tsubasa , Kaneko Tatsuya , Kanayama Kengo , Akizue Naoki , Ohta Yuki , Taida Takashi , Saito Keiko , Kato Jun , Kato Naoya
Published: March 2022

This pilot study aimed to investigate the utility of texture and color enhancement imaging (TXI) with magnified endoscopy (ME) for the preoperative diagnosis of superficial nonampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (SNADETs). We prospectively evaluated 12 SNADETs. The visibility for ME-TXI, ME with indigo carmine (ICME) - white-light imaging (WLI), ICME-TXI compared to ME-NBI (narrow-band imaging) was scored (+ 2 to − 2 ME-NBI was set as score 0) by 3 experts. Scores + 2 and + 1 were defined as improved visibility. The interobserver agreement for improved visibility of surface structure (SS) was evaluated. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) for Vienna Classification (VCL) C4/5 associated with the preoperative diagnosis of ICME-TXI were analyzed. The SS visibility score of ICME-TXI was significantly higher than that of ME-NBI, ME-TXI, and ICME-WLI (P < 0.001 respectively). The kappa coefficients of reliability for interobserver agreement for the SS visibility improvement with ICME-TXI were 0.70, 0.96, and 0.96. All endoscopists preferred ICME-TXI for visualizing SS mostly for all lesions. The sensitivity, specificity, and PPV (%) of ICME-TXI for VCL C4/5 were 80, 66.7, and 63.2, respectively. ICME-TXI facilitates the visibility of the SS of SNADETs and may contribute to their preoperative diagnosis.
Calibration of miniature air quality detector monitoring data with PCA–RVM–NAR combination model
Authors: Liu Bing , Zhang Yirui
Published: March 2022

The development of miniature air quality detectors makes it possible for humans to monitor air quality in real time and grid. However, the accuracy of measuring pollutants by miniature air quality detectors needs to be improved. In this paper, the PCA-RVM-NAR combined model is proposed to calibrate the measurement accuracy of the miniature air quality detector. First, correlation analysis is used to find out the main factors affecting pollutant concentrations. Second, principal component analysis is used to reduce the dimensionality of these main factors and extract their main information. Thirdly, taking the extracted principal components as independent variables and the observed values of pollutant concentrations as dependent variables, a PCA-RVM model is established by the relevance vector machine. Finally, the nonlinear autoregressive neural network is used to correct the error and finally complete the establishment of the PCA-RVM-NAR model. Root mean square error, goodness of fit, mean absolute error and relative mean absolute percent error are used to compare the calibration effect of PCA-RVM-NAR model and other commonly used models such as support vector machine, multilayer perceptron neural network and nonlinear autoregressive models with exogenous input. The results show that, no matter which pollutant, the PCA-RVM-NAR model achieves better calibration results than other models in the four indicators. Using this model to correct the data of the miniature air quality detector can improve its accuracy by 77.8%~93.9%.
Detection of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus in low-concentration virus-infected seeds by improved one-step pre-amplification RT-qPCR
Authors: yin Xinying , Li Xin , Yang Lili , Zheng Qiuyue , Yongzhe Piao , Jijuan Cao
Published: March 2022

Background
Seeds are an important medium for long-distance transmission of plant viruses; therefore, appropriate, sensitive methods for detecting low concentrations of virus in seeds are crucial to ensure the quality of seed lots. In the present study, we developed a one-step pre-amplification reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay based on the TaqMan technology to detect Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) in zucchini seeds.
Result
Seed powder samples with simulated virus infection at a low concentration were prepared (the mass ratio 1:900 and 1:1000), and their uniformity was verified using one-step pre-amplification RT-qPCR. We used one-step pre-amplification RT-qPCR to detect CGMMV in low-concentration virus-infected seeds and compared this method with double antibody sandwich–enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and universal RT-qPCR, which are the main methods used for virus detection in seeds. The minimum limit of detection (LOD) of the improved one-step pre-amplification RT-qPCR method for simulated CGMMV-infected seeds in a large sample of seeds is 0.1%.
Conclusions
It can reliably and stably detect a single virus-infected seed in 1000 seeds and demonstrates a higher detection sensitivity than universal RT-qPCR and double antibody sandwich–enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our improved one-step pre-amplification RT-qPCR assay has proved to be very suitable for the analysis of large seed lots.
CNTNAP4 partial deficiency exacerbates α -synuclein pathology through astrocyte–microglia interplay
Authors: Zhang Wenlong , Ding Liuyan , Gong Junwei , Zhang Mengran , Ma Runfang , Zheng Shaohui , Zhang Zhiling , Xu Pingyi , Xu Huaxi , Zhang Yunlong
Published: March 2022

BackgroundParkinson’s disease (PD) is a common progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder, which is characterized by dopaminergic (DA) neuron death and the aggregation of neurotoxic α-synuclein. CNTNAP4, a risk gene of autism, has been implicated to participate in DA neuron degeneration in PD pathogenesis. However, the role of CNTNAP4 in α-synuclein pathology remains unclear. MethodsHeterozygous CNTNAP4 null mice injected with adeno-associated viral vector (AAV)-mediated human α-synuclein (AAV-hα-Syn) were used to evaluate the impact of partial CNTNAP4 loss on α-synuclein pathology. The resulting physiological/behavioral effects were assessed using behavioral tests, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. The underlying mechanism was studied using RNA-sequencing. Cytokine expression and secretion were examined using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Magnetic Luminex assay kit.ResultsHere we showed CNTNAP4 partial deficiency exacerbates α-synuclein pathology, nigrostriatal DA neuron degeneration and motor impairment, induced by AAV-hα-Syn overexpression. Mechanistically, aggravated α-synuclein pathology stimulates complement C3 release by astrocytes, activating microglial C3a receptor, which in turn triggers microglia to secrete complement C1q and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The astrocyte–microglia crosstalk further drives DA neuron death and motor dysfunction in PD. Furthermore, we showed that in vivo depletion of microglia rescues the aggravated α-synuclein pathology resulting from partial loss of CNTNAP4. ConclusionsOur results indicate that CNTNAP4 plays a key role in α-synuclein pathogenesis by regulating glial crosstalk and may be a potential target for PD treatment.
Associations Between Digital Media Use and Brain Surface Structural Measures in Preschool-Aged Children
Authors: Hutton John S. , Dudley Jonathan , DeWitt Thomas , Horowitz-Kraus Tzipi
Published: March 2022

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends limits on digital media use (“screen time”), citing cognitive-behavioral risks. Media use in early childhood is ubiquitous, though few imaging-based studies have been conducted to quantify impacts on brain development. Cortical morphology changes dynamically from infancy through adulthood and is associated with cognitive-behavioral abilities. The current study involved 52 children who completed MRI and cognitive testing at a single visit. The MRI protocol included a high-resolution T1-weighted anatomical scan. The child’s parent completed the ScreenQ composite measure of media use. MRI measures included cortical thickness (CT) and sulcal depth (SD) across the cerebrum. ScreenQ was applied as a predictor of CT and SD in regression analyses, controlling for sex and age. Higher ScreenQ scores were correlated with lower CT in right-sided occipital, parietal and supramarginal areas (p<0.10, family-wise error/FWE-corrected) and also lower SD in inferior temporal/fusiform areas (p<0.05, FWE-corrected). These areas support primary visual and higher-order processing, notably social cognition. Results align with those of lower CT with higher media use recently described in adolescents. While differences in visual areas likely reflect maturation, those in higher-order areas expected to be in an accretive stage at this age suggest under-development, though further studies are needed.
Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium reverses neuronal oxidative injury by inhibition of TRPM2 activation and the JNK signaling pathway
Authors: Liang Xueyun , Wang Yan , Liu Jiaxin , Yu Baocong , Jin Yiran , Li Jiahui , Ma Xiaona , Yu Jianqiang , Niu Jianguo
Published: March 2022

In this study, we aimed to clarify the protective effect of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium (UC-MSC-CM) on neuronal oxidative injury and its potential mechanism. Neuronal oxidative damage was mimicked by H2O2 treatment of the HT22 cell line. Immunofluorescence staining was used to analyze the expression of cleaved Caspase3 and TRPM2. Cytotropic factors secreted by UC-MSCs were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Whole-cell patch clamping was used to detect TRPM2-like currents. Western blotting was utilized to analyze the protein levels of SOD, p-ERK1/2, p-JNK1/2/3 and cleaved-Caspase-9. The number of cleaved-Caspase-3-positive cells and protein expression of Caspase-9 induced by H2O2 treatment were decreased by UC-MSC-CM treatment. Furthermore, SOD protein expression was increased in the MSC-CM group compared with that in the H2O2 group. The H2O2-induced TRPM2-like currents in HT22 cells were attenuated by MSC-CM treatment. In addition, H2O2 treatment downregulated the expression of p-JNK protein in HT22 cells, and this the downward trend was reversed by incubation with MSC-CM. Thus, we showed that UC-MSC-CM protects neurons against oxidative injury, possibly by inhibiting activation of TRPM2 and the JNK signaling pathway.
A Study on Dynamic Stress of Planetary Gear Transmission in Non-Inertial System
Authors: Wei Jing , Cao Miaofei , Zhang Aiqiang , Cheng Hao , Peng Bin
Published: March 2022

Considering the comprehensive effect of the internal non-inertial system (INIS) of planetary gear transmission (PGT) and external non-inertial system (ENIS) of the body, combined with the modified Heywood formula and Hertz formula, a calculation model for the dynamic bending stress and contact dynamic stress of the PGT in a non-inertial system (NIS) is proposed. The stress non-inertial coefficients (KNI) describing the influence of the additional effects on the dynamic stress in the NIS are defined. Additionally, the variation law of non-inertial coefficients under two typical non-inertial conditions of variable-speed level flight and somersault motion was studied. The effect of gear installation and manufacturing errors on the non-inertial coefficients under two maneuvering conditions was analyzed. The results indicated that non-inertial coefficients increase with an increase in the maneuverability of the body, and the variable-speed horizontal flight and somersault motion have significant effects on the changing trend of non-inertial coefficients with the gear installation and manufacturing errors. Compared with the gear error, the effect of the NIS has a significant influence on the non-inertial coefficients.
Prognostic value of albumin/lactate dehydrogenase ratio in AIDS-related lymphoma
Authors: hui jiangjin , Wan Zhikai , Lang Guanjing , Zhu Biao
Published: March 2022

Objective
This study aimed to explore the prognostic factors of patients with AIDS-related lymphoma.
Methods
The clinical data of 80 patients with AIDS-related lymphoma were retrospectively analyzed. According to the survival status of the patients, the patients were divided into a death group and a survival group. The factors affecting the prognosis of patients were analyzed by binary logistic regression.
Results
Binary logistic regression analysis showed that central metastasis and albumin/lactate dehydrogenase ratio (ALB/LDH) were the prognostic factors of ARL patients. The results showed that central metastasis (P = 0.033) was a risk factor, and ALB/LDH (P = 0.001) was a protective factor.
Conclusion
The albumin/lactate dehydrogenase ratio is a convenient, practical and inexpensive potential marker that can be used to predict the prognosis of patients with AIDS-related lymphoma and provide guidance for clinical treatment.
Advanced Cu-free Bipolar Solid-state Lithium-ion Battery Promoted by Li+ Conductive Matrix Enabled Excellent Iron Oxide Anode
Authors: Dong Wujie , Zhao Yantao , Cai Mingzhi , Dong Chenlong , Ma Wenqin , Pan Jun , Lv Zhuoran , Dong Hang , Tang Yufeng , Huang Fuqiang
Published: March 2022

Bipolar lithium-ion batteries (b-LIBs) with internal series configuration possess great advantages in conversion rate from theoretical energy density to practical values when compared with classic ones. Herein, advanced Cu-free b-LIBs with further simplified structure can be achieved by utilizing an amorphous Li+ conductive Li-Fe-BO2 matrix enabled iron oxide anode (FeOx-LFBO) with intermediate cutoff voltage (≥0.5 V) beyond lithiation potential of Al foil. The rational designed LFBO matrix can serve as a Li+ conductor/reservoir to enable fast Li+ diffusion, a heterogeneous nano-reactor to interdict aggregation of Fe + Li2O precipitates, a binder to aggregate particles, and a soft buffer to remit volume change. The FeOx-LFBO has a high tap density of 1.6 g/cm3, good electronic conductivity, and high Li+ conductivity. As an anode the intermediate cutoff voltage of 0.5 V, it harvests the admirable capacity of 710 mA h/g at 0.5 A/g, excellent cycling stability (95% after 1000 cycles), and capacitive rate capability (192 mA h/g at 50 A/g). Such an excellent anode is assembled into a novel Cu-free LIB, delivering an ultra-high energy density of 350 Wh/kg, outstanding power density of 6700 W/kg, and long-term cycling stability (75% after 2000 cycles), much better than state-of¬-the-art Li4Ti5O12 battery (≤100 Wh/kg, ≤5000 W/kg). Moreover, a Cu-free solid-state bipolar pouch cell is also fabricated sucessfully with high volatge of 7.6 V, great cycling stability, and safety. This study may set off an upsurge in studying intermediate cut-off voltage anodes and novel b-LIBs in the future.
Polygenic Risk, Lifestyle, and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Prospective UK Biobank Study
Authors: Yun Jae-Seung , Jung Sang-Hyuk , Shivakumar Manu , Xiao Brenda , Khera Amit V. , Park Woong-Yang , Won Hong-Hee , Kim Dokyoon
Published: March 2022

BackgroundPrevious studies primarily targeted the ability of polygenic risk scores (PRSs) to predict a specific disease, and only a few studies have investigated the association between genetic risk scores and cardiovascular (CV) mortality. We assessed PRSs for coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as predictive factors for CV mortality, independent of traditional risk factors, and further investigated the additive effect between lifestyle behavior and PRS on CV mortality. MethodsWe used genetic and phenotypic data from UK Biobank participants aged 40–69 years at baseline, collected with standardized procedures. Genome-wide PRSs were constructed using >6 million genetic variants. Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze the relationship between PRS and CV mortality with stratification by age, sex, disease status, and lifestyle behavior. ResultsOf 377,909 UK Biobank participants having European ancestry, 3,210 (0.8%) died due to CV disease during a median follow-up of 8.9 years. CV mortality risk was significantly associated with CAD PRS (low vs. very high genetic risk groups, CAD PRS hazard ratio [HR] 2.61 [2.02–3.36]) and T2DM PRS (HR 2.08 [1.58–2.73]), respectively. These relationships remained significant even after adjustment for a comprehensive range of demographic and clinical factors. In the very high genetic risk group, adherence to an unfavorable lifestyle was further associated with a substantially increased risk of CV mortality (favorable versus unfavorable lifestyle with very high genetic risk for CAD PRS, HR 8.31 [5.12–13.49]; T2DM PRS, HR 5.84 [3.39–10.04]). Across all genetic risk groups, 32.1% of CV mortality was attributable to lifestyle behavior (population attributable fraction [PAF] 32.1% [95% CI 28.8–35.3%]) and 14.1% was attributable to smoking (PAF 14.1% [95% CI 12.4–15.7%]). There was no evidence of significant interaction between PRSs and age, sex, or lifestyle behavior in predicting the risk of CV mortality. ConclusionsPRSs for CAD or T2DM and lifestyle behaviors are independent predictive factors for future CV mortality in the white, middle-aged population. PRS-based risk assessment could be useful to identify individuals who need intensive behavioral or therapeutic interventions to reduce the risk of CV mortality.
A Survey on Mental Health Knowledge Among Young People in Ghana
Authors: Asare Mavis , Asare Sandra
Published: March 2022

Objective
Mental health problems have been identified among young people. A few number of young people however, receive treatment at mental health centres. The study therefore investigated mental health knowledge in young people. Researchers checked the understanding of a variety of mental health conditions. Mental health knowledge on depression, anxiety, stress, post-traumatic stress disorder, cognitive problem, schizophrenia and bipolar were assessed.
Methods
Participants were 150 students whose ages ranged from 12 to 19 years old (mean age = 15 years). The participants comprised 52 (34.7%) males and 98 (65.3%) females. Participants were given questionnaires comprising mental health conditions. They were to indicate their understanding of the mental condition presented, using response options of ‘Yes’ or ‘No’.
Results
The findings of the study indicated that students have inadequate knowledge about mental health problems. Only 25% of the students understood common mental health problems such as depression, anxiety and stress disorders. Less than 10% of the students understood severe mental health conditions including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The findings imply that mental health information should be provided to young people in Ghana. This would help young people to talk to parents and teachers about their mental health symptoms in order for them to receive professional interventions at the mental health centres.