bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in ICU mortality and underlying risk over three decades among mechanically ventilated patients. A group level analysis of cohorts from infection prevention studies
Authors: Hurley James C.
Published: July 2023

Background

Has either the underlying risk or the mortality incidence among ICU patients receiving mechanical ventilation (MV) in the literature changed in recent decades? Interpreting ICU mortality trends requires an adjusted analysis accounting for changes in underlying patient risk.

Methods

Control and intervention groups from 147 randomized concurrent control trials (RCCT) of various VAP prevention interventions, as listed primarily within 13 Cochrane reviews and 63 observational studies listed﻿ primarily within four systematic reviews. Eligible studies were those including ICU patients with > 50% of patients receiving > 24 h of MV with mortality data available. ICU mortality (censored day 21 or before) or late (after day 21) mortality together with group-mean age, and group-mean APACHE II scores were extracted from all groups. These incidences were summarized in five meta-regression models versus publication year being variously adjusted for age, APACHE II scores, type of study intervention and other group level parameters.

Results

Among 210 studies published between 1985 and 2021, 169 being found in systematic reviews, the increase per decade in mean mortality incidence, group-mean APACHE II scores, and group-mean age, were < 1 percentage point (p = 0.43), 1.83 (95% CI; 0.51–3.15) points, and 3.9 (95% CI; 1.1–6.7) years, respectively. Only in the model with risk adjustment for both group-mean age and group-mean APACHE II score was a significant decline in mortality apparent. In all models, the mortality incidence among concurrent control groups of decontamination studies was paradoxically five percentage points higher than benchmark and showed greater dispersion.

Conclusion

Mortality incidence has changed little over 35 years among ICU infection prevention studies whilst the patient age and underlying disease severity, measured as APACHE II, have both increased. The paradoxically high mortality among concurrent control groups within studies of decontamination methods of infection prevention remains unaccounted for.
Treatment of iron deficiency in patients scheduled for pancreatic surgery: implications for daily prehabilitation practice in pancreatic surgery
Authors: Wijma Allard G. , Eisenga Michele F. , Nijkamp Maarten W. , Hoogwater Frederik J. H. , Klaase Joost M.
Published: July 2023

Background

Preoperative anemia is a frequent complication in pancreatic surgical patients, and it adversely affects morbidity, mortality, and postoperative red blood cell (RBC) transfusion rates. Iron deficiency (ID) is often the underlying cause of anemia and constitutes a modifiable risk factor.

Methods

Single-center, longitudinal prospective cohort study conducted between May 2019 and August 2022 at the University Medical Center Groningen in the Netherlands. Patients scheduled for pancreatic surgery were referred to the outpatient prehabilitation clinic for preoperative optimization of patient-related risk factors. Patients were screened for anemia (< 12.0 g/dL in women and < 13.0 g/dL in men) and ID (either absolute [ferritin < 30 µg/L] or functional [ferritin ≥ 30 µg/L + transferrin saturation < 20% + C-reactive protein > 5 mg/L]). Intravenous iron supplementation (IVIS) (1,000 mg ferric carboxymaltose) was administered to patients with ID at the discretion of the consulting internist. Pre- and postoperative hemoglobin (Hb) levels were assessed, and perioperative outcomes were compared between patients receiving IVIS (IVIS-group) or standard care (SC-group).

Results

From 164 screened patients, preoperative anemia was observed in 55 (33.5%) patients, and in 23 (41.8%) of these patients, ID was the underlying cause. In 21 patients, ID was present without concomitant anemia. Preoperative IVIS was administered to 25 patients, out of 44 patients with ID. Initial differences in mean Hb levels (g/dL) between the IVIS-group and SC-group at the outpatient clinic and one day prior to surgery (10.8 versus 13.2, p < 0.001, and 11.8 versus 13.4, p < 0.001, respectively) did not exist at discharge (10.6 versus 11.1, p = 0.13). Preoperative IVIS led to a significant increase in mean Hb levels (from 10.8 to 11.8, p = 0.03). Fewer SSI were observed in the IVIS-group (4% versus 25.9% in the SC-group, p = 0.02), which remained significant in multivariable regression analysis (OR 7.01 (1.68 – 49.75), p = 0.02).

Conclusion

ID is prevalent in patients scheduled for pancreatic surgery and is amendable to preoperative correction. Preoperative IVIS increased Hb levels effectively and reduced postoperative SSI. Screening and correction of ID is an important element of preoperative care and should be a standard item in daily prehabilitation practice.
Dietary inflammatory index (DII) is correlated with the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): Fasa PERSIAN cohort study
Authors: Valibeygi Adib , Davoodi Ali , Dehghan Azizallah , Vahid Farhad , Hébert James R. , Farjam Mojtaba , Homayounfar Reza
Published: July 2023

Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent liver disease predisposing patients to life-threatening conditions, including cirrhosis. There is evidence that the incidence of NAFLD is related to the individuals’ dietary patterns; however, it is still remaining unknown whether the inflammatory potential of various foods/dietary patterns can directly predict a higher incidence of NAFLD.

Methods

In this cross-sectional cohort study, we investigated the relationship between the inflammatory potential of various food items and the incidence/odds of NAFLD. We used data from Fasa PERSIAN Cohort Study comprising 10,035 individuals. To measure the inflammatory potential of diet, we used the dietary inflammatory index (DII®). Fatty liver index (FLI) was also calculated for each individual to identify the presence of NAFLD (cut-off = 60).

Results

Our findings showed that higher DII is significantly associated with increased incidence/odds of NAFLD (OR = 1.254, 95% CI: 1.178—1.334). Additionally, we found out that higher age, female gender, diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension are other predictors of developing NAFLD.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that consuming foods with a higher inflammatory potential is associated with a greater risk of developing NAFLD. Additionally, metabolic diseases, including dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, can also predict the incidence of NAFLD.
Alternative Reimbursement Models for Health Providers in High-Performance Sport: Stakeholder Experiences and Perceptions
Authors: Carter Hannah E. , Allen Michelle J. , Toohey Liam A. , McPhail Steven M. , Drew Michael K.
Published: July 2023

Background

Value-based healthcare provider reimbursement models have been proposed as an alternative to traditional fee-for-service arrangements that can align financial reimbursement more closely to the outcomes of value to patients and society. This study aimed to investigate stakeholder perceptions and experiences of different reimbursement systems for healthcare providers in high-performance sport, with a focus on fee-for-service versus salaried provider models.

Methods

Three in-depth semi-structured focus group discussions and one individual interview were conducted with key stakeholders across the Australian high-performance sport system. Participants included healthcare providers, health managers, sports managers and executive personnel. An interview guide was developed using the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment framework, with key themes deductively mapped to the innovation, inner context and outer context domains. A total of 16 stakeholders participated in a focus group discussion or interview.

Results

Participants identified several key advantages of salaried provider models over fee-for-service arrangements, including: the potential for more proactive and preventive models of care; enhanced inter-disciplinary collaboration; and the ability for providers to have a deeper understanding of context and how their role aligns with a broader set of priorities for an athlete and the organisation. Noted challenges of salaried provider models included the potential for providers to revert to reactive care delivery when not afforded adequate capacity to provide services, and difficulties for providers in demonstrating and quantifying the value of their work.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that high-performance sporting organisations seeking to improve primary prevention and multidisciplinary care should consider salaried provider arrangements. Further research to confirm these findings using prospective, experimental study designs remains a priority.
A comparative analysis of the skilled use of automated feedback tools through the lens of teacher feedback literacy
Authors: Buckingham Shum Simon , Lim Lisa-Angelique , Boud David , Bearman Margaret , Dawson Phillip
Published: July 2023

Effective learning depends on effective feedback, which in turn requires a set of skills, dispositions and practices on the part of both students and teachers which have been termed feedback literacy. A previously published teacher feedback literacy competency framework has identified what is needed by teachers to implement feedback well. While this framework refers in broad terms to the potential uses of educational technologies, it does not examine in detail the new possibilities of automated feedback (AF) tools, especially those that are open by offering varying degrees of transparency and control to teachers. Using analytics and artificial intelligence, open AF tools permit automated processing and feedback with a speed, precision and scale that exceeds that of humans. This raises important questions about how human and machine feedback can be combined optimally and what is now required of teachers to use such tools skillfully. The paper addresses two research questions: Which teacher feedback competencies are necessary for the skilled use of open AF tools? and What does the skilled use of open AF tools add to our conceptions of teacher feedback competencies? We conduct an analysis of published evidence concerning teachers’ use of open AF tools through the lens of teacher feedback literacy, which produces summary matrices revealing relative strengths and weaknesses in the literature, and the relevance of the feedback literacy framework. We conclude firstly, that when used effectively, open AF tools exercise a range of teacher feedback competencies. The paper thus offers a detailed account of the nature of teachers’ feedback literacy practices within this context. Secondly, this analysis reveals gaps in the literature, signalling opportunities for future work. Thirdly, we propose several examples of automated feedback literacy, that is, distinctive teacher competencies linked to the skilled use of open AF tools.
Scarcity in abundance? Spatial inequalities in Rheumatoid Arthritis in a health system with financial equity
Authors: Maldonado Norman , Camacho Sandra , Prada Sergio I. , Hormaza-Jaramillo Andrés , Soto Victoria , García William , Paredes Nelcy , Cardona Fabián
Published: July 2023

Background

This paper estimates spatial inequalities of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) in Colombia and explores correlates of those disparities from a health system perspective.

Methods

We apply descriptive epidemiology to healthcare administrative records for estimation of crude and age-standardized prevalences, and health systems thinking for identification of barriers to effective access in RA diagnosis.

Results

The crude and age-standardized RA prevalence for Colombia in 2018 is estimated at 0.43% and 0.36%, respectively. In the contributory regime, the binding constraint is effective access to rheumatologists in rural and sparsely populated areas; this constraint in workforce affects service delivery, and ultimately comes from the lack of a differentiated model for effective provision of healthcare in those areas (governance).

Conclusions

There are opportunities for implementation of public health policies and health system interventions that would lead to a better identification of RA patients and the subsequent more precise estimation of RA prevalence, and most importantly, to reduce exposition to risk factors and accurate diagnosis and treatment of RA patients.
Frequency-domain electromagnetic induction for the prediction of electrical conductivity and magnetic susceptibility using geostatistical inversion and randomized tensor decomposition
Authors: Liu Mingliang , Narciso João , Grana Dario , Van De Vijver Ellen , Azevedo Leonardo
Published: July 2023

High-resolution characterization of near-surface systems is crucial for a variety of subsurface applications. Frequency-domain electromagnetic (FDEM) induction has been widely used in near-surface characterization compared with other geophysical methods due to its flexibility in acquisition and its ability to survey large areas with high resolution but with relatively low costs. FDEM measurements are sensitive to subsurface electrical conductivity (EC) and magnetic susceptibility (MS). However, the prediction of these properties requires solving a geophysical inverse problem. We combine ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation (ES-MDA) and model reparameterization via randomized tensor decomposition (RTD) to simultaneously predict EC and MS from measured FDEM data. ES-MDA is an iterative data assimilation method that can be applied to nonlinear forward operators and provides multiple posterior realizations conditioned on the geophysical measurements to evaluate the model uncertainty. However, its application is usually computationally prohibitive for large-scale 3D problems. To overcome this limitation, we reduce the model parameters using RTD and then perform the inversion in the low-dimensional model space. The method is applied to synthetic and noisy real data sets. In the synthetic application example, the predicted posterior realizations illustrate the ability of our method to recover the true models of EC and MS accurately. The real case application comprises FDEM data acquired over arable land characterized by quaternary siliciclastic deposits with geoarchaeological features. We assess the performance of the inversion method at a borehole location not used to constrain the inversion. The inverted models do capture the available log data, illustrating the applicability of the inversion method to noisy real data.
Management of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor–Associated Endocrinopathies: A Tight Rope Walk
Authors: Deshmukh Vaishali Chetan
Published: July 2023

Managing endocrine side effects of cancer immunotherapy: A tight rope walk for the oncologist.
Impact of the Mean Cochlear Biologically Effective Dose on Hearing Preservation After Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Vestibular Schwannoma: A Retrospective Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Tuleasca Constantin , Toma-Dasu Iuliana , Duroux Sebastien , George Mercy , Maire Raphael , Daniel Roy Thomas , Patin David , Schiappacasse Luis , Dasu Alexandru , Faouzi Mohamed , Levivier Marc
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a useful alternative for small- to medium-sized vestibular schwannoma. To evaluate whether biologically effective dose (BEDGy2.47), calculated for mean (BEDGy2.47 mean) and maximal (BEDGy2.47 max) cochlear dose, is relevant for hearing preservation.

METHODS:

This is a retrospective longitudinal single-center study. Were analyzed 213 patients with useful baseline hearing. Risk of hearing decline was assessed for Gardner–Robertson classes and pure tone average (PTA) loss. The mean follow-up period was 39 months (median 36, 6-84).

RESULTS:

Hearing decline (Gardner–Robertson class) 3 years after SRS was associated with higher cochlear BEDGy2.47 mean (odds ratio [OR] 1.39, P = .009). Moreover, BEDGy2.47 mean was more relevant as compared with BEDGy2.47 max (OR 1.13, P = .04). Risk of PTA loss (continuous outcome, follow-up minus baseline) was significantly corelated with BEDGy2.47 mean at 24 (beta coefficient 1.55, P = .002) and 36 (beta coefficient 2.01, P = .004) months after SRS. Risk of PTA loss (>20 dB vs ≤) was associated with higher BEDGy2.47 mean at 6 (OR 1.36, P = .002), 12 (OR 1.36, P = .007), and 36 (OR 1.37, P = .02) months. Risk of hearing decline at 36 months for the BEDGy2.47 mean of 7–8, 10, and 12 Gy2.47 was 28%, 57%, and 85%, respectively.

CONCLUSION:

Cochlear BEDGy2.47 mean is relevant for hearing decline after SRS and more relevant as compared with BEDGy2.47 max. Three years after SRS, this was sustained for all hearing decline evaluation modalities. Our data suggest the BEDGy2.47 mean cut-off of ≤8 Gy2.47 for better hearing preservation rates.
Pakistan National Guidelines for Pediatric High-Grade Gliomas
Authors: Bashir Farrah , Qureshi Bilal Mazhar , Minhas Khurram , Tabori Uri , Bouffet Eric , Hawkins Cynthia , Enam Ather , Mushtaq Naureen
Published: July 2023

Pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) is highly malignant central nervous system tumor and constitute 10% of the pediatric gliomas. Effective treatment needs a functioning multi-disciplinary team including pediatric neuro oncologist, neurosurgeon, neuroradiologist, neuropathologist and radiation oncologist. Despite surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, most HGG will recur resulting in early death. A significant proportion of HGG occurs in context of cancer predisposition syndromes like Constitutional Mismatch Repair Deficiency (CMMRD) also known as Biallelic Mismatch Repair Deficiency (bMMRD) characterized by high mutational burden. The incidence of HGG with CMMRD is one per million patients. bMMRD is caused by homozygous germline mutations in one of the four Mis Match Repair (MMR) genes (PMS2, MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6). The use of TMZ is now avoided in CMMRD related HGG due to its limited response and known ability to increase the accumulation of somatic mutations in these patients, increasing the risk of secondary tumors. HGG should be managed under the care of multidisciplinary team to receive optimum treatment. This is particularly important for low middle-income countries (LMIC) with limited resources like Pakistan.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.5.6300

How to cite this: Bashir F, Qureshi BM, Minhas K, Tabori U, Bouffet E, Hawkins C, et al. Pakistan National Guidelines for Pediatric High-Grade Gliomas. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.5.6300

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Συγκριτική μελέτη της αέριας ρύπανσης σε επιλεγμένα ελληνικά αεροδρόμια και σημασία για την δημόσια υγεία
Authors: Μανισαλίδης Ιωάννης
Published: July 2023

Σημαντική συνιστώσα της Δημόσιας Υγείας, είναι η εξυγίανση του περιβάλλοντος καθώς η μόλυνση και η ρύπανση του αποτελούν σοβαρό νοσογόνο παράγοντα. Αρκετά μεγάλο μερίδιο ευθύνης για την ατμοσφαιρική ρύπανση έχει ο κλάδος των μεταφορών. Οι αυξανόμενες ανάγκες για μετακίνηση επιβατών σε μεγαλύτερες αποστάσεις για επαγγελματικούς λόγους ή και για λόγους αναψυχής μπορούν να ικανοποιηθούν μόνο από τις αεροπορικές μεταφορές. Ως αποτέλεσμα αυτής της αύξησης, η σχετική συνεισφορά των αεροπλάνων στις συνολικές εκπομπές ρύπων βαίνει αυξανόμενη, όπως και το ενδιαφέρον της νομοθεσίας για έλεγχο αυτών των εκπομπών.Οι ρύποι που μελετώνται στη παρούσα μελέτη είναι, το διοξείδιο του άνθρακα (CO2), το Μονοξείδιο του Άνθρακα (CO), οι υδρογονάνθρακες (HC), τα οξείδια του αζώτου (ΝΟx), τα αιωρούμενα σωματίδια (PM) και τα οξείδια του θείου (SOx). Το ενδιαφέρον επικεντρώνεται κυρίως σε αυτούς τους ρύπους, καθώς σχετίζονται με εκτεταμένα και σοβαρά προβλήματα στην ανθρώπινη υγεία και έχουν περιβαλλοντικές επιπτώσεις. Ο πληθυσμός που εκτίθεται σε υψηλές συγκεντρώσεις ατμοσφαιρικών ρύπων καταγράφει σε ένα βαθμό συμπτώματα ασθένειας λιγότερο ή περισσότερο σοβαρά. Είναι λοιπόν σαφής η επιβάρυνση της Δημόσιας Υγείας και του Περιβάλλοντος από τους ατμοσφαιρικούς ρύπους και για τον λόγο αυτό κινήθηκε το ενδιαφέρον μας στην κατεύθυνση αυτή. Η συσχέτιση της ποιότητας ρύπων των αεροδρομίων με τους εργαζόμενους στα αεροδρόμια και τους κατοίκους της υφιστάμενης περιοχής είναι σημαντική για την διαφύλαξη της Δημόσιας Υγείας.Το αντικείμενο έρευνας της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η καταγραφή της εξέλιξης της εναέριας κυκλοφορίας στα ελληνικά πολιτικά αεροδρόμια καθώς και η μελέτη των εκπομπών ρύπων των αεροσκαφών αλλά και οι συγκεντρώσεις σε αυτά. Η επιλογή των αεροδρομίων πραγματοποιείται βάσει της κίνησης, διαμόρφωσης και έκτασης του χώρου αεροδρομίου καθώς και της ποικιλίας του τύπου αεροσκαφών που πραγματοποιούν πτήσεις στα αεροδρόμια.Έτσι, πρωταρχικά παρουσιάζεται η συμμετοχή των διάφορων τύπων αεροσκαφών στον κυκλοφοριακό φόρτο. Στη συνέχεια προσδιορίζονται οι εκπομπές ατμοσφαιρικών ρύπων με την βοήθεια των συντελεστών εκπομπής για το κάθε αεροσκάφος.Έχοντας υπολογίσει τις εκπομπές των ρύπων, σκόπιμη είναι και η καταγραφή μίας εικόνας της συγκέντρωσης τους στις περιοχές ενδιαφέροντος με επιτόπιες μετρήσεις. Με αυτόν τον τρόπο, μπορούμε να έχουμε στιγμιότυπα της συγκέντρωσης των ρύπων στην ατμόσφαιρα, σε συγκεκριμένη τοποθεσία και χρονική στιγμή.Τέλος, πραγματοποιείται ανάλυση δεδομένων. Για κάθε ρύπο προσδιορίζονται τα επίπεδα του αλλά και η χρονική κατανομή εκάστου στη διάρκεια του έτους.Έχοντας όλα τα παραπάνω αποτελέσματα, μπορούμε να έχουμε μία συσχέτιση της εξέλιξης και της διακύμανσης του όγκου των αεροπορικών μεταφορών με την ποιότητα του αέρα και επομένως με τη Δημόσια Υγεία και τις πιθανές επιπτώσεις στον άνθρωπο.
Comparative evaulation of condylar guidance obtained by digital panoramic radiographic images with that of obtained during jaw relation and try-in using two different interocclusal record material in completely edentulous patients: an in vivo study
Authors: Doshi Khushbu , Sathe Seema
Published: July 2023

Background: In completely edentulous patients, maintaining the patient's TMJ health and intraoral components is very important. This can be achieved by an accurate interocclusal record, which can we taken by various materials and also at various stages. Simulation of the temparomandibular joint anatomy and mandibular movements is possible on a semi adjustable articulator which is use widely in prosthodontics. Transferring the record on articulator is a critical step in fabrication of complete dentures so it should be done precisely to reduce chair side time and also to avoid complications for patients. This study examines which material is more accurate and also records which stage gives more precision, by comparing the Condylar guidance on radiographs. This is because it has consistent bony landmarks and is comparable to clinical methods in terms of standardisation. The objective will be to determine the inter occlusal records created during Jaw Relation stage and Try-in using reinforced wax and Polyvinyl siloxane and compare these values to the condylar guidance obtained by OPG.

Methods:  Recording the Condylar Guidance value on OPG, obtained with tracing Glenoid fossa, Articular eminence and the Frankfurt Horizontal Plane. Followed with conventional steps in making complete dentures, at jaw relation and try-in stage. we will record values of condylar guidance with the two different Interocclusal record materials.

Expected result: It will help the clinicians to get knowledge about obtaining precise condylar inclination angle by using right interocclusal record materials.

Conclusions: This study will help us to obtain condylar inclination which inturn helps the patients satisfaction as it maintains the patient's TMJ health and intraoral components.
Effectiveness of pelvis and trunk stabilization exercises over conventional physiotherapy to improve dynamic trunk balance in cerebellar ataxia: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sasun Anam , Qureshi Mohammad Irshad , Raghuveer Raghumahanti , Harjpal Pallavi
Published: July 2023

Cerebellar ataxia is caused by several hereditary or acquired aetiologies that eventually lead to abnormalities in the cerebellum. Patients with cerebellar ataxia may experience balance issues, eye movement abnormalities, limb incoordination, gait instability, and speech impairment as a result. The available treatment options for cerebellar ataxia are rather limited, causing many patients to struggle with daily activities. Although the success rate of a range of therapeutic interventions has been determined, evidence-based exercise guidelines for the treatment of balance disorders and associated problems in people with cerebellar ataxia are currently unavailable. Thus, physiotherapists must explore novel approaches to successfully manage the symptoms of ataxia and further improve the quality of life of patients. The current study protocol will provide new insight as no article available to date has looked at trunk and pelvis stabilization exercise programme as an intervention for treating cerebellar ataxia.

We hereby propose a study, which aims to investigate the impact of conventional exercises and trunk and pelvis stabilization exercises along with conventional exercises on subjects with Cerebellar ataxia in a two-arm randomized controlled trial on improving SARA, TIS, BBS, Barthel Index, WHOQOL The total participants will be divided into two-arm parallel groups and the intervention will be given for complete 6 weeks, 5 days in a week. The outcome measure will be evaluated at baseline and the end of 6 weeks. The results will be evaluated after 6 weeks. If the hypothesis of our study proves to be effective, then this physiotherapy intervention could be included in the management of cerebellar ataxia
Genome sequence for the thick topshell, Phorcus lineatus (da Costa, 1778)
Authors: Mieszkowska Nova , Mrowicki Rob ,   Marine Biological Association Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: July 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual Phorcus lineatus (the thick topshell; Mollusca; Gastropoda; Trochida; Trochidae). The genome sequence is 958 megabases in span. Most of the assembly (99.9%) is scaffolded into 18 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 19.1 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of the King Ragworm, Alitta virens (Sars, 1835)
Authors: Fletcher Chris , Pereira da Conceicoa Lyndall ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: July 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual Alitta virens (the King Ragworm; Annelida; Polychaeta; Phyllodocida; Nereididae). The genome sequence is 671.2 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 14 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.83 kilobases in length.
Gaining Consent to Survey Respondents’ Partners: The Importance of Anchors’ Survey Experience in Self-administered Modes
Authors: Gummer Tobias , Christmann Pablo , Kunz Tanja
Published: July 2023

Dyadic surveys aim to interview pairs of respondents, such as partners in a relationship. In dyadic surveys, it is often necessary to obtain the anchors’ consent to contact their partners and invite them to a survey. If the survey is operated in self-administered modes, no interviewer is present to improve the consent rate, for example, by providing convincing arguments and additional information. To overcome the challenges posed by self-administered modes for dyadic surveys and to improve consent rates, it is important to identify aspects that positively influence the likelihood of anchors giving consent to contact their partners. Ideally, these aspects are in the hands of the researchers, such as the survey design and aspects of the questionnaire. Thus, in this study, we analyzed the relationship between anchors’ survey experience and their willingness to consent to surveying their partners in self-administered modes. Based on data from the German Family Demography Panel Study (FReDA), we found that the anchors’ perceptions of the questionnaire as “interesting” or “too personal” were related to consent rates. These relationships were consistent across different survey modes and devices. Effects of other aspects of the questionnaire, such as “important for science” and “diverse” varied between modes and devices. We concluded with practical recommendations for survey research and an outlook for future research.
* This article belongs to a special issue on “Family Research and Demographic Analysis – New Insights from the German Family Demography Panel Study (FReDA)”.
Why it Can be Difficult to Make Historic Language Recordings Accessible: A View from a Corpus of Historic Dialect Recordings
Authors: Huber Christian
Published: July 2023

There is a growing demand to make historic linguistic field recordings accessible not only to the scientific community but also to the language communities as well as the interested public. However, when dealing with a corpus of historic language recordings, a number of challenges must be faced before dissemination issues can even be addressed. The present paper reports the experiences made in preparing a corpus of historic Austrian dialect recordings from the Phonogrammarchiv’s holdings and the real-life issues encountered in the process and discusses what needs to be done with such a corpus before something can be done with that corpus.
ALLENDE EL MAR. NARRATIVAS DEL YO Y LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA OTREDAD AMERICANA DESDE LA EXPERIENCIA SENSIBLE DE MUJERES ESPAÑOLAS OLVIDADAS (1521-1600).
Authors: Roselló Estela
Published: July 2023

Este artículo rastrea el universo sensible con que las mujeres peninsulares de la Monarquía Hispánica de los siglos XVI, XVII y XVIII construyeron la otredad americana. A partir del análisis de varias cartas de la colección compilada por Rocío Sánchez Rubio e Isabel Testón Núñez en El hilo que nos une, el texto se concentra en reconstruir la experiencia emocional de muchas mujeres andaluzas, castellanas y extremeñas que durante los siglos XVI, XVII y XVIII vieron partir rumbo al Nuevo Mundo a sus hombres sin regreso. El propósito de dicho análisis es acercarse a la manera en que dicha comunidad femenina significó aquellas tierras lejanas para convertirlas en un lugar imaginario que cobraba realidad a partir de emociones como el dolor, el resentimiento, la añoranza, el enojo, el abandono, la soledad y la desolación. Y es que las mujeres que se quedaban sin sus hombres de aquel lado del mar dieron vida, en sus mentes, a la realidad indiana desconocida a partir de todo aquello que experimentaban como consecuencia de aquella difícil separación. Así, para muchas de ellas, América era la geografía sensible e imaginaria donde se localizaban esos reinos de riqueza, abundancia, oportunidades y lujuria que habían atraído a sus maridos, padres, hermanos e hijos y donde habitaban aquellas “otras” por quienes éstos las habían sustituido para siempre.
HABLANDO DE SÍ MISMAS. AFRICANAS Y AFRODESCENDIENTES ANTE LOS TRIBUNALES LIMEÑOS. LIMA, SIGLO XVIII.
Authors: Arrelucea Barrantes Maribel
Published: July 2023

Este artículo explora cómo se defendían las africanas y afrodescendientes en los tribunales desde su posición de mujeres, esclavizadas y negras. En cuanto a las fuentes históricas, se han usado las leyes, los expedientes judiciales y eclesiásticos de los archivos limeños, las descripciones de los viajeros de la época, las opiniones de los intelectuales ilustrados, principalmente.
CUANDO EL MOLDE SE ROMPIÓ. ESTEREOTIPO DE SUMISIÓN Y EMPODERAMIENTO DE LA MUJER ANDINA EN LA GRAN REBELIÓN DE 1780-81.
Authors: O'Phelan Godoy Scarlett
Published: July 2023

La imagen tradicional de la mujer andina en la colonia enfatizaba la dedicación a su marido, su capacidad de trabajo, bondad, piedad y su papel relevante como apoyo en el hogar. Después de la gran rebelión de 1780-81, se dio una inflexión en esta percepción sobre la mujer de los Andes, probablemente como resultado de la actuación de Micaela Bastidas - esposa de José Gabriel Túpac Amaru- y de Tomasa Tito Condemaita -cacica de Acos- en la sublevación general. La conducta de ambas fue calificada de tener características masculinas, lo que llevó a que fueran condenadas a la pena de muerte. Después de la gran rebelión, la opinión sobre la mujer indígena sufrió modificaciones de parte de las autoridades peninsulares, despertando desconfianza y temor.
LA MIRADA ESTADOUNIDENSE SOBRE CHILE EN LA ÉPOCA DE SALVADOR ALLENDE (1969-1973). UN NUEVO ENFOQUE.
Authors: de la Fuente Ferreras Ángel
Published: July 2023

En 1970 Salvador Allende se convirtió en el primer gobernante considerado marxista en ser elegido democráticamente en el mundo occidental. En este artículo se analiza el papel de la política estadounidense en Chile entre 1970 y 1973 orientada a tratar de limitar el planteamiento político de la Unidad Popular. Más allá de las operaciones que llevó a cabo la CIA durante esos años, el material documental desclasificado por el Departamento de Estado nos arroja nueva luz sobre la injerencia norteamericana en la política chilena para impedir que pudiera construirse la “vía chilena al socialismo”.
Verslo Modelių Transformacijos Klasteriuose: Skaitmenizavimas, Žiedinė Ekonomika Ir Europos Žaliasis Kursas
Authors: Remeikienė Rita , Gasparėnienė Ligita , Jakubavičius Artūras , Česiulytė Jolita , Bacevičius Povilas
Published: July 2023

The monograph prepared by the group of researchers examines the problem of improving the transformation of business models in clusters. The importance of this issue is manifested in the fact that in the conditions of globalization, with increasing international competition, there is a need to improve business models focused on international value chains, to transform them taking into account the challenges posed by digitization, the circular economy and the green deal, the impact of which on the transformation of business models in clusters has not yet been holistically examined. The monograph summarizes the authors’ long-term research related to the evolution of cluster business models in the context of digital transformation, circular economy and the European Green Deal. Holistic paradigms formed on the basis of research, that clusters are groups of companies, organizations or other competitive entities operating in a certain geographical region or economic sector, are considered a form of business organization that increases business productivity in modern economic conditions, promotes innovative new partnerships even between competitors and significantly expands business opportunities as it allows participating entities to share resources, develop new technologies and benefit from synergies in implementing projects that promote knowledge development, dissemination and innovation.
Design of immersive virtual reality training for endoscopic surgery
Authors: Pumarejo Mercado Fuad Antonio , Fontana Catapán Márcio
Published: July 2023

Endoscopic surgery training is limited by a lack of specialized instructors and access to technological equipment. Virtual reality training offers a solution to this issue, as it allows for accessible and efficient practice. This study conducts a literature review to investigate the current state of virtual reality training systems in endoscopic surgery and subsequently designs and tests an immersive virtual reality system through a proof of concept with endoscopic surgery specialists.
Desobediência projetiva? Esboço para o ensino de arquitetura
Authors: Name Leo
Published: July 2023

Em resposta ao racismo epistêmico que influi para que os métodos, processos e procedimentos de projetação mais usuais produzam certa homogeneização dos modos de morar branco-burgueses nos projetos, proponho a noção de desobediência projetiva no ensino de arquitetura. Para isso, tenho como pano de fundo a literatura decolonial, cuja crítica à ideia de “raça” e aos racismos leva à exigência por uma desobediência epistêmica, considero que o fazer design e projetar são um modo de pensar específico que todas as pessoas detêm e que docentes são designers de processos e práticas de ensino e aprendizagem.
Metodologias ativas no ensino superior em Design para um maior protagonismo discente na construção de repertório visual
Authors: Minozzo Marcele Cristiane , Calomeno Carolina
Published: July 2023

O que pretendemos neste estudo é discutir de que forma as metodologias ativas de ensino, que privilegiam a autonomia e o protagonismo discente, podem contribuir com a formação deste repertório. As metodologias ativas têm sido muito pesquisadas e aplicadas no ensino fundamental e médio, mas no ensino superior as práticas docentes tradicionais ainda prevalecem. Elencamos algumas estratégias que podem ser adotadas a fim de elaborar uma abordagem pedagógica que estimule a autonomia, incentive a pesquisa e a produção de imagens como forma de desenvolver a linguagem visual, informada pelas referências de produção artística e refletindo sobre os discursos promovidos por ela em diferentes contextos históricos e culturais. Neste contexto o professor, como orientador tem o papel de mediar o debate e estabelecer relações entre as imagens, integrar teoria e prática e preparar os alunos para a aprendizagem ao longo da vida, para “aprender a aprender”.
O uso dos filtros de aparência do Instagram como experiências de padrões estéticos estruturados às mulheres pela sociedade
Authors: Andrés Díaz Merino Eugenio , Schmidt Alvez Díaz Merino Giselle , Buenano Ribeiro Larissa , Gomes Lúcio de Araújo Mariana
Published: July 2023

Esta pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa e aplicada, investiga o fenômeno social do uso dos filtros de aparência do Instagram, uma vez que esta categoria de filtros, através dos critérios de usabilidade, é aceita como experiência técnica do usuário, mas representa e reproduz nas suas interfaces os padrões brancos, magros e jovens estruturados pela sociedade às mulheres. Este fenômeno é aqui analisado por meio da interação e da decomposição dos elementos visuais da interface que reforçam esses padrões estruturados socialmente, do refinamento tecnológico que intensifica a interação com essa ferramenta e dos princípios de usabilidade que facilitam o seu manuseio. Já seus procedimentos metodológicos envolvem a pesquisa bibliográfica sobre padrões de beleza e postulados de usabilidade, e uma análise de campo interativa na plataforma Instagram. Para tanto, utilizou-se de uma amostra de seis filtros com edições imagéticas selecionadas devido as suas escalas de representação dos padrões estéticos e de seu alcance na rede. Por fim, realizou-se entrevistas semi-estruturadas com mulheres usuárias de filtros de aparência no Instagram, que relataram as consequências e interferências dos filtros na aceitação das subjetividades dos seus corpos.
A Valorização da família como estratégia de objetificação de um “novo morar” na exposição Janelas CASACOR 2020
Authors: Seron da Fonseca Carina , Hasegawa Zacar Cláudia Regina
Published: July 2023

O ano de 2020 foi marcado por uma crise sanitária no Brasil e no mundo, em virtude da pandemia da Covid-19. Nesse contexto, a mostra de arquitetura, design e paisagismo, CASACOR, que usualmente ocorre em formato presencial, adaptou-se e criou a edição Janelas CASACOR, em formato físico-digital, apresentando o que chamou de tendências de um “novo morar” na pandemia. Desse modo, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a estratégia Valorização da família utilizada no design de interiores em exposição na mostra Janelas CASACOR 2020 para objetificar esse “novo morar”. Para tanto, adota-se uma perspectiva interdisciplinar a partir dos Estudos da Cultura Material em diálogo com trabalhos das disciplinas de Design, Arquitetura e História. Para a análise parte-se de uma abordagem dos Estudos Culturais, tendo em vista os estudos das imagens. Tem-se como objeto de análise fotografias, textos e vídeos divulgados pela organização da mostra em 3 guias digitais e no site oficial do evento.Palavras-chave: Janelas CASACOR, Cultura Material, Novo morar, Pandemia da Covid-19, Design de Interiores.
PARA ALÉM DO ENCANTO LIBIDINOSO: o mito do boto e o viver das mulheres ribeirinhas da comunidade de Nazaré – RO
Authors: De Sousa Rúbia Elza Martins
Published: July 2023

As encantarias dos rios povoam o imaginário das populações ribeirinhas amazônicas, de forma que há uma intrincada relação mítica que ressignifica a água. É neste contexto que mito do boto se apresenta fortemente vinculado a corporeidade e sexualidade das mulheres que vivem nestes espaços. Interessante observar que além do sentido tradicionalmente dado a este mito, foi identificado outro significado, sendo este distanciado do encanto libidinoso e, por conseguinte, da conotação sexual, aproximando-se de questões relacionadas à religião e a espiritualidade. Assim sendo, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as configurações de gênero existentes no outro significado dado ao mito do boto, de modo a compreender suas implicações diretas no viver das mulheres que residem na comunidade ribeirinha de Nazaré - RO. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na comunidade ribeirinha de Nazaré, localizada na margem esquerda do Rio Madeira, há aproximadamente 120 km do município de Porto Velho. Este estudo se constitui de caráter qualitativo e os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados foram a pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa de campo, caracterizada pela realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com quatro mulheres e conversas informais com outras dez.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS NO SEMIÁRIDO BRASILEIRO: do combate à convivência com a seca
Authors: Dos Santos Kezia Andrade , COLTRI PRISCILA PEREIRA , GRECO ROBERTO , JÚNIOR ISRAEL DE OLIVEIRA , SÃO JOSÉ RAFAEL VINICIUS DE
Published: July 2023

Com o objetivo de analisar o paradigma do combate versus convivência com a seca no Semiárido brasileiro, bem como a participação da Articulação Semiárido Brasileiro (ASA) por meio dos programas Um Milhão de Cisternas (P1MC) e Uma Terra e Duas Águas (P1+2) na ressignificação do entendimento acerca da convivência com o ambiente do Semiárido brasileiro. Esse trabalho demonstra que políticas públicas especificas às necessidades do semiárido brasileiro são imprescindíveis para a convivência com a seca e melhoria das condições de vida da população nesta região. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica e análises de documentos oficiais, essa pesquisa apresenta uma linha do tempo com os antecedentes históricos das políticas de combate à seca no Semiárido brasileiro, demonstrando que, desde o período colonial, as políticas públicas do SAB são voltadas ao combate à seca. Em seguida, são apresentadas as políticas públicas para a convivência do Semiárido, bem como os dois programas da ASA PIMC e P1+2 com tecnologias de baixo custo e os impactos positivos na população sertaneja. Conclui-se que políticas públicas que abordam programas como esses alteram não apenas a forma do trabalho camponês e a necessidades básicas das pessoas, mas também, preocupam-se da promoção do direito e desenvolvem a cidadania, inclusive por meio da educação. A implantação dessas tecnologias sociais confere maior percepção local à importância de gerenciar os recursos hídricos disponíveis, de forma cooperada, tecnicamente fundamentada e responsiva.
DELIMITAÇÃO AUTOMÁTICA DE BACIAS HIDROGRÁFICAS: APLICAÇÃO E ANÁLISE EM DIFERENTES PAISAGENS NO BRASIL
Authors: Faria Vitor Dantas , Nunes Darlan Miranda , Botelho Rosângela Garrido Machado
Published: July 2023

A bacia hidrográfica representa uma unidade ideal de planejamento e sua delimitação pode ocorrer por métodos manuais ou computacionais, sendo que estes últimos, quando apoiados em ambiente de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG), proporcionam eficiência e agilidade ao processo. O presente estudo tem por objetivo a aplicação e análise da metodologia de delimitação automática de três bacias hidrográficas em diferentes paisagens do Brasil (biomas Mata Atlântica, Amazônia e Pantanal), empregando softwares SIG. Pela análise de discrepâncias entre as delimitações automáticas realizadas, foram obtidas variações de área menores que 1% para a bacia presente na Mata Atlântica e menor divergência entre os limites resultantes da bacia. Já para bacia localizada na Amazônia, os valores totais de área foram próximos. Para a bacia delimitada no Bioma Pantanal, de relevo predominantemente plano, os valores de área foram 50% menores em relação à delimitação manual (utilizada como referência), em média, com divergências significativas entre os limites das bacias. Os resultados alcançados reforçam a necessidade do usuário se atentar às limitações existentes em processos de delimitação automatizados, em paisagens distintas do país, visto os potenciais impactos nos processos de tomada de decisão, apoiados neste tipo de dado, mesmo que obtidos em diferentes ferramentas de SIG.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO MORFOMÉTRICA DA BACIA DO RIO PIRAPETINGA, RESENDE - RJ
Authors: Leite Ricardo Vaz , Peixoto Maria Naíse Oliveira , Freitas Fabiana , Ramos Renato Rodrigues Cabral , Araújo Pedro Ferreira Chagas
Published: July 2023

A caracterização morfométrica de uma bacia hidrográfica é importante para o entendimento da dinâmica dos processos hídricos e das formas de relevo. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de caracterizar a morfometria da bacia hidrográfica do rio Pirapetinga, Resende – RJ, para melhor entender a evolução do relevo da borda norte da bacia sedimentar de Resende. Sendo o maior afluente do rio Paraíba do Sul no Sul- Fluminense, drenando uma área de 218,43 km², o rio nasce no Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, drenando no seu alto curso duas unidades de conservação: o Parque Estadual da Pedra Selada, na margem esquerda e a APA da Serrinha do Alambari, em sua margem direita. Seu curso médio corta uma sucessão de morros altos, serras baixas, morrotes até adentrar no tabuleiro da Bacia Sedimentar de Resende onde desemboca no rio Paraíba do Sul, a aproximadamente 400 m de altitude. Durante este percurso, atravessa três Unidades Geomorfológicas: Maciço Alcalino do Itatiaia, Escarpas da Mantiqueira, Depressão Interplanáltica com Alinhamentos Serranos Escalonados. Esta bacia de sexta ordem, em forma de Tê, assimétrica, possui forte controle tectônico como indicado pelo perfil longitudinal, o RDE real, a assimetria de trechos de seu vale e o paralelismo da drenagem entre outros indicadores.
TRANSFORMAÇÕES ESPACIAIS NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO LAGO GUAÍBA/RS NO PERÍODO 1985 A 2020 E CENÁRIOS PARA 2030 E 2050
Authors: HINATA SUMIRÊ DA SILVA , BASSO LUÍS ALBERTO , REKOWSKY ISABEL CRISTIANE
Published: July 2023

O uso e a cobertura da terra sofrem constantes transformações em decorrência de fatores naturais, ao mesmo tempo que têm sido objeto de intensas alterações pela ação antrópica ao longo dos anos. Existe uma lacuna de estudos que aborde essas transformações no sul do Brasil, especialmente no bioma Pampa, e particularmente na bacia hidrográfica do Lago Guaíba/RS. Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as mudanças no uso e ocupação da terra na bacia entre os anos 1985 e 2020, utilizando as bases cartográficas do Projeto Mapbiomas, e para complementar a investigação apresenta o cenário tendencial para os anos de 2030 e 2050. As atividades agrícolas são predominantes na bacia até 2020, sendo que os usos e coberturas identificados como Arroz, Soja e Silvicultura avançaram sobre a Formação Campestre nos últimos 35 anos, consolidando-se em detrimento de outros usos relacionados à cobertura natural. Prognósticos para o futuro próximo mostram que essa tendência persiste nos cenários 2030 e 2050, acarretando em perdas significativas e irreparáveis aos ecossistemas. A observação dessas transformações ao longo do tempo permite projetar estudos futuros para a avaliação de serviços ecossistêmicos, por exemplo, que podem direcionar para a utilização racional dos recursos naturais.