bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The importance of family roles in the context of positive parental education
Authors:   University of European Studies of Moldova, Ceban Veronica
Published: December 2021

The article represents a theoretical and applicative study, which reflects the importance of family roles in the context of positive parenting education, having as a reference, the optimization and strengthening of parent-child relationships. Thus, the family as an ancient social institution involves the realization of certain roles within the family. Family roles, are nothing more than a behavior that a family member expects from the other one, depending on the position he or she occupies in the family. In the given context, this study will reflect some ideas, conceptions, visions of the problem, also, we will propose some suggestions and recommendations in order to raise the awareness of the importance of family roles, as well as to strengthen the optimal adult development functionality as effective parents and families.
Conflicts and emotional manipulation in the marriage couple
Authors:   University of European Studies of Moldova, Cojocaru Aurelia
Published: December 2021

In its becoming, the marital couple crosses certain obstacles, the partners can become concerned with the security of the relationship in the future, fidelity and property, attraction and rejection. Conflicts can also arise regarding the self-fulfillment and self-realization of the couple on the one hand and its stability and unity on the other. Emotional manipulation is characterized by the fact that the action of the source is primarily focused on influencing psychological processes and phenomena that are involved in structuring, orienting and supporting the attitudinal and behavioral system of the target. These can be processes in the sphere of perception, thinking, affectivity, motivation, etc. A number of psychic phenomena in the cognitive, emotional and relational spheres can be instrumentalized by the manipulator, with sometimes-spectacular results in determining and controlling human behavior, especially when this method is combined with that of information manipulation.
The tramp-deviant personality
Authors:   University of European Studies of Moldova, Dita Maria , Tudor Lacramioara-Elena
Published: December 2021

Street vagrancy occurs in the circumstances of a society that has high cultural values, but the institutional ways to access them are unproductive. The individual perceives this situation as an internalized conflict: to use legal institutional means or to give in to the pressure to resort to illicit ways to achieve success. Most of the time the tramp is frustrated and can't cope with this pressure and eventually gives up. Here are used certain specific escape mechanisms: giving up, silence, resignation.
Evaluation of Alternative Pre-emergence Herbicides to Atrazine for Weed Control on Maize (Zea maysL.) plot in Ogbomoso, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: O.S. Olabode , O.S. Oladapo , A. Ogunsola , A.O. Sangodele
Published: December 2021

Field experiments were carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the LadokeAkintola University of Technology, (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso to evaluate the effectiveness and determine the optimum rate of applying alternative herbicides to atrazine on maize plots in view of the current criticism against the herbicide. Five herbicides, namely; 3-maize force, Xtra force, Pre-maize Guard force (solution and pellet) at two rates (100% and 50% recommended rates) were compared with atrazine at full dose and 3 hoe-weeding in a Randomized complete Block Experiment with 3 replications. Maize, Variety OBA Super, maturing in 75 days, was planted at two plants per stand at a spacing of 75 x 50cm in two-year trials and maintained following the standard procedures. The herbicides were applied using a knapsack sprayer calibrated to deliver at 200liters/ha. Results showed that there were no significant differences (p=0.05) among the treatment and between the treatments and control with respect to seed germination, plant survival and other growth parameters. The highest grain yield (6757.3kg/ha) obtained with atrazine was not significantly different from those of other treatments and control. The effectiveness of the herbicides, measured using weed density and biomass, showed comparable effectiveness across the herbicides and atrazine. Furthermore, at a dosage of 50%, the herbicide’s effectiveness was highly comparable to those of atrazine at 100%. The implications of these findings were discussed.
Nutritional Evaluation of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc) From Lapai, Nigeria
Authors: M. Musah , Y. Azeh , J.T. Mathew , C.N. Nwakife , A.I. Mohammed , F. Saidu
Published: December 2021

The nutritional constituents of seeds of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean) were analyzed for their nutritional compositions using standard analytical methods. Results of proximate analysis obtained were moisture content (9.20±0.12 %), ash (3.40±0.09 %), carbohydrate (21.10±0.05 %), crude fibre (4.60±0.07 %) and calorific value (185.79±0.03 kcal/100 g). Mean concentrations of mineral elements were the order: zinc (139.00±0.04 mg/100 g) > potassium (31.50±0.12 mg/100 g) > copper (30.00±0.01 mg/100 g) > phosphorus (17.40±0.11 mg/100 g) > magnesium (3.90±0.07 mg/100 g) > calcium (3.50±0.17 mg/100 g) > sodium (0.11±0.03 mg/100 g) > iron (0.10±0.01 mg/100 g). Measured values for bulk density, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity and foaming stability were 0.85±0.07 g/cm3, 1.65±0.13 %, 0.70±0.03 %, 16.00±0.12 % and 7.50±0.22 % respectively. The amino acid profile revealed that glutamic acid had the highest value (12.56 g/100 g) while tryptophan had the lowest concentration (0.87 g/100 g). Results obtained indicate that the consumption of V. subterranean can contribute to the nutritional requirements of the body.
Risk Management Practices and Shareholders’ Return Using Evidence from Quoted Commercial Bank in Nigeria
Authors: W.A. Henry , E. Justice
Published: December 2021

This study examined the effect of risk management practices on shareholders’ return of quoted commercial banks in Nigeria. Cross sectional data were sourced from financial statements of commercial banks and Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical bulletin from various years. Shareholders return was proxied by return on equity and return on assets while risk management practices were modeled by bank risk diversification, Basel risk compliance, credit monitoring and credit appraisal. Panel data methodology was employed while the fixed effects model was used as an estimation technique at 5% level of significance. Fixed effects, random effects and pooled estimates were tested while the Hausman test was used to determine the best fit of the regression model. Panel unit root and panel co-integration analysis were conducted on the study. The study found that 60 per cent variations in return on equity of the quoted commercial banks can be traced to variations in risk management practices as formulated in the regression model. The beta coefficient of the risk management practices proved that risk diversification, Basel compliance, credit monitoring and credit appraisal methods as formulated in the regression model have positive effect on return on equity of the commercial banks. In the model II, 47.6 percent variations in return on assets of the quoted commercial banks can be traced to variations in risk management practices as formulated in the regression model. The beta coefficient of the risk management practices proved that risk diversification, Basel compliance, credit monitoring and credit appraisal methods as formulated in the regression model have positive effect on return on equity of the commercial banks. The study concludes that risk management practices have a positive effect on shareholders’ return. The study recommends that commercial banks managements should ensure that all the board members and executive managements amongst other stakeholders are trained to appreciate the functions and responsibilities of credit risk management. The study recommends also that banks should ensure that their credit exposures are adequately secured through proper scrutiny of loan processing in order to identify viable projects so as to reduce loan defaults by bank customers.
Organization Culture Change and its Effect on Women’s Motivation
Authors: Rasool Zeeshan , Shoukat Rabail
Published: December 2021

The research study is mainly about the organization's culture change and its effect on women’s motivation in the organization. The selected organization for this research is K-Electric and the study focuses on the transition and transformation in the organizational context. The objectives have been developed to identify and investigate that how cultural change can affect motivation. In this regard, a review of literature has been done to conduct the secondary analysis, however, for primary analysis, semi-structured interviews have been conducted and a close-ended questionnaire has been developed on Likert scale to obtain quantitative nature of data, to further analyze it by applying the quantitative tools and methods in particular. The main findings of the overall research are that the organizational culture change in K-Electric has a direct and profound impact on the women's level of motivation. Moreover, programs that were undertaken to motivate the women's also resulted in women's increased level of adaptability and flexibility in the organization to a greater extent. The research limitation and future implications have also been discussed in the research. Along with this, the conclusion of the overall study has been given; in addition to the recommendations to further bring improvements in the organizational planning and formulated strategies.
The Situations of Syrian Refugees Journalists in the Host Societies and Asylum Countries
Authors: MALLAH Halla
Published: December 2021

With the continuation of the war, the bombing in my country, Syria, and the displacement crises that the Syrians have been subjected for ten years, these bad conditions directly reflected on the Syrian journalists, who in turn were forced to flee Syria to save their lives. Therefore, the article aimed to identify the conditions and situation of the Syrian refugees’ journalists who are scattered and present in the host communities in which they reside or the countries of asylum to which they were displaced, by using the questionnaire form and distributing it to a purposive sample of Syrian refugee journalists residing in the countries of asylum in Turkey, Germany, France and a number of other countries, the number of the respondents were (20) journalists, (11) males and (9) females. And the results refer that most Syrian journalists are unwilling to return to Syria, especially in light of the insecurity and lack of basic life necessities there, in addition to the presence of other challenges related to racism and hatred by some members of the host community and the difficulty of finding job opportunities or even pay for home renting or medical treatment.
Differences of Ring Applicator Reconstruction Methods in Brachytherapy
Authors: Kazlouski D. I. , Plysheuskaya A. U.
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Analysis and comparison of existing reconstruction methods of the ring applicator, as well as the development of reconstruction method that is closest to the actual source path in dosimetric planning using brachytherapy.

Material and methods: Evaluation of reconstruction methods was carried out on the basis of CT images, which were used for dosimetric planning of patient treatment. The obtained data on the positioning of the radiation source using X-ray images were transferred to CT images using matrix transformation methods. A method of reconstruction along the source path is proposed, in which the minimum discrepancies in the location of the source positions in comparison with the coordinates of the actual source positions were obtained. For comparison, the reconstruction of the applicator was performed by three different methods: the method using the manufacturer’s applicator libraries, along the source path, and the method proposed above.

Results: The results were assessed using a dose-volume histogram. Dose characteristics were selected based on the recommended ICRU Report 89. To assess the presence of the effect of the reconstruction method on the dose characteristics, the Friedman criterion was used. The differences between the doses for different reconstruction methods turned out to be significant (the critical value of the significance level was considered p=0.05). The maximum deviations of the median values of the parameters of the dose-volume histogram were 7.8 % for the “lib” method, 8.6 % for the tracking method, and 7.9 % for the track_new method. We calculated the median values of the deviations of the source positions obtained using the previously described reconstruction methods from the actual stopping positions of the source found experimentally.

Conclusion: The use of the proposed reconstruction method track_new increases the accuracy of determining the positions of the stop of the radiation source in the applicator and, as a consequence, the accuracy of dose delivery on the brachytherapy apparatus in comparison with the manual tracking method. The methods used in this study can be used when putting the applicators into clinical use as part of a radiotherapy quality assurance program. The obtained results will be useful to medical physicists if it is necessary to choose a technique for carrying out the reconstruction of the applicator in accordance with the available capabilities and imaging methods and, as a result, will increase the accuracy of dosimetric planning and dose delivery on brachytherapy afterloaders.
Modern Approaches for the Objective Assessment of Minimal Erythema Dose
Authors: Makmatov-Rys M. B. , Rogatkin D. A. , Gureeva M. A. , Santa I. , Farkas B. , Glazkova P. A. , Kulikov D. A.
Published: December 2021

At present, the assessment of the degree of ultraviolet (UV) exposure is based on the calculation of the minimal erythema dose (MED). The concept of MED is inextricably linked to the process of acute UV skin damage, which is accompanied by damage to the structures of the epidermis and dermis, dermal vasodilation, and it manifests clinically in erythema formation. The knowing of the MED value is necessary to choose the starting dose for UV-phototherapy of various dermatoses and to evaluate individual photosensitivity.

Meanwhile, the determination of MED in clinical practice is most often performed visually by naked eye. The traditional assessment of MED is a subjective, inaccurate, poorly reproducible and not quantifiable method. In addition, preliminary UV irradiation is necessary for the estimation of MED and waiting for the results takes 24 hours. Inaccurate determination of MED may lead to the wrong dosing of UV-exposure, which leads to various complications.

Today, there are a number of non-invasive methods that allow making the calculation of the MED more objective and accurate. However, these techniques have a number of limitations: the difficulty in mastering the methods, the lack of standardization of the data recording process and the evaluation of results. The majority of methods are based on the assessment of the subjective parameters of UV erythema, but not its objective pathophysiological criteria. In addition, available technologies still do not allow to estimate the MED in the first hours after UV exposure (on-site) or predict MED without UV exposure.
USRP Implementation of Spectrum Sensing OFDM-Based Cognitive Radio Networks Using Energy Ratio Algorithm
Authors: Ate Abdelrahim Ahmed Mohammed , Mohamed Sohila
Published: December 2021

This paper explains the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) Experiment results of Spectrum Sensing Algorithms based on the Energy Ration Algorithm for Cognitive Radio Networks which is latterly suggested in Spectrum observation for OFDM-Based Cognitive Radio Networks by using Energy Ratio Algorithm. This is completed through detecting the variance in the strength of the signal during a variety of confined OFDM subcarriers are used to ensure that the availability of the essential user is facilely discovered. Extensive experiments are performed, in particular, the effects of Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). This paper observed that the experimental results gave lower detection performance compared to the simulation results. That’s due to existence of other systems which operate on same frequency band of 2.4GHz.
Scrutiny of Self in Arun Joshi’s The Strange Case of Billy Biswas
Authors: Dr. G. Keerthi
Published: December 2021

An Outstanding novelist of human predicament, Arun Joshi is ranked with the great masters of contemporary Indian fiction in English. He believes that reality lies within the consciousness of isolated individuals. As he is the great writer of psychological perception, he envisions the inner crisis of the modern man in his five novels. In particular, his second novel The Strange Case of Billy Biswas is the apple of his eye. It portrays the story of the protagonist who is dragged by the mysterious world of the tribal society. The protagonist, Billy’s strange quest leads him to leave his position as the sole inheritor of a wealthy family and lead to live a natural life. There is no comfort in his American life as well as in his marital life too. Further, the story visualises Billy’s quest for individualism and self-identity at the cost of leaving materialistic world. This paper focuses on the clashes between the civilised world and the primitive one as well as it looks at the root of the protagonist Billy’s quest for the self.
Shifting of Language Teaching Methodology from Traditional Classroom to Virtual Classroom
Authors: Dr Parbin Sultana
Published: December 2021

A new paradigm in the field of education has been noticed since last few years. The educators have accepted that they have to indulge themselves in technology based education with innovative methodology to challenge the current need and to coexist in the modified world. The instructors and the learners shift from traditional method to virtual method of teaching learning by adapting the conditional role of staying at home for the pandemic of corona virus all over the world and subsequently have understood the flexibility nature of teaching learning on this way. However, this is a challenging phase to shift educational environment from contemporary traditional classroom to a technology oriented learner centred classroom. Here, the teachers need to expertise on technological use, methodology of teaching, instructional strategy, and assessment and evaluation system and so on. This paper mainly aims to focus on methodological transformation in language teaching. For this study, information is collected from internet sources, books, newspaper article, lectures, and workshops.
The Shine of Pollyannaism in Maya Angelou’s Works
Authors: Bavadharani Balan
Published: December 2021

The optimism in life is a pleasurable feel. The small key role in a story makes a huge difference in the universe. The hope helps to jump over the depression, failure, marginalization, etc. to reach the healthy balanced life. The Pollyannaism and Still I Rise holds the similar techniques for the blooming peaceful life. Thinking hopeful, spreading positivity is the major part of the two titles. Seeking good in bad and likes in dislikes are the drastic change of the upbeat personality.
Writing on the Wall and our Shortsightedness
Authors: Savitha. G. P.
Published: December 2021

The Silent Spring by Rachel Carson, which brought the issue of pesticides to the center stage is dedicated to Albert Schweitzer, who said, “Man has lost the capacity to foresee and to forestall. He will end by destroying the Earth”. This paper will try to understand and analyse our position with regard to the prediction made by Albert Schweitzer. Are we still moving in the same direction of self-destruction or have we regained our capacity to foresee and forestall? Man’s interaction with nature has altered it in very significant ways which in turn has been affecting the life of man in unpredictable ways.  The way forward is from adverse Anthropocene to conscious Anthropocene. Shankar’s 2018 release, Akshay Kumar and Rajnikanth starrer 2.0 warn us about the problems of radiation which will wipe away the birds from Earth before us going the same way. How the overcrowded telephone network towers and the radiation from them will wreak havoc, if not checked right away is the point of discussion in the movie. 2016 release Remo D’ Souza’s A flying Jatt, starring Tiger Shroff also speaks of the impending doom if we do not manage our waste properly. The pollutants which we are releasing generously into the environment are nothing but our own suicide in installments. The writing has been on the wall for long. Poornachandra Tejaswi in his novel Chidambara Rahasya depicts the picture of a society which ignores this writing on the wall for short term gains and this shortsightedness results in the destruction of nature, culture and the life as we know. This paper intends to study the equation between man and nature as depicted in the above mentioned movies and literature.
Isolated Voices in Jhumpa Lahiri’s Interpreter of Maladies
Authors: Ms. S. Poornima
Published: December 2021

People living all over the world belong to different religions, follow different cultures and speak different languages. If people of one nation go to another nation for their livelihood or education, they have to adapt themselves to the changing situations and places lest they should experience untold sufferings. Life throws all a lot of challenges, both simple and complicated, and it is up to all to rise and perform, take decisions that can be sometimes satisfying, and sometimes disturbing, and walk through it as if none were affected by it. It is not an easy thing to do. It is never easy to answer his heart as the questions surface and resurfaces time and again. Life is not a bed of roses to live easily. Lahiri is an Indian by birth but she has America as her permanent dwelling place. Hence, she has faced a lot of problems as an immigrant which she tries to show in her work. Hers are perfectly placed words lining themselves into elegant sentences whose subject matter: family, mothers and daughters, assimilation, alcoholism, children, marital love and touch us all.
Objectives of Teaching and Interactive Learning
Authors: Dr. C. Priyadharshini
Published: December 2021

An important aspect of teaching is to promote learners’ awareness and an appropriate learning strategy can enhance success with the learning task. The different types of Strategies like Memory, Cognitive, Compensation, Social Strategies and skills provide the learners with the opportunity to practice progress in their own way. The main role of the English teacher is to help students discover effective approaches to learning and to stimulate knowledge and provides kills to the learners. They must adapt various approaches to teaching in order to serve the needs of the students. Teaching methodologies define specific roles for a teacher as an analyst, curriculum developer, counselor, mentor, and a researcher. Researchers of class room interaction have developed observational systems to describe and classify patterns of student-teacher interaction. Teachers create their own roles within the classroom based on their theories of teaching and learning. A more recent model of teaching used in mainstream education, known as active teaching reflects the management and monitoring of learning as a primary role for teachers. The study highlights the ways in which the teachers and learners can collaboratively engage in developing effective approaches to interactive learning.
Save the Indigenous Teaching and Learning: ELT
Authors: Dr. Giri Prasad Vidudhala  , Mr. VDI Rajiv Raj
Published: December 2021

This paper explores not only the care of the indigenous in nativity of teaching of English Language and also advising the methods for language learners and language teachers, the methods where all learners do have some access for cognitive knowledge of intellectual development in language. The learners according to GT method to use their cognitive faculty to memorize grammatical rules, vocabulary lists, translation and reading comprehension and many more. This paper doesn’t explain all the rules but principal characteristics of GT method, it suggests GT method importance. It unravels the focus learning through cognitive system which is a real thinking as native speakers do. The word indigenous here meant the nativity of EL, the teaching of educated native speakers of ELT which second language teachers cannot faithfully do the same but there are absolute qualities can be gained from native speakers learning. There are hundreds and thousands of software technologies that teach English Language. Information and communication technologies (ICT) refer to technologies that provide easy access to information through telecommunications. This includes the internet, wireless networks, cell phones, and other communication mediums. Learning EL through ICT is a half-backed knowledge.  All developed countries they setup and use digital learning. Here thanks to technology but if the curriculum is not designed with the standard approaches and the methods of ELT, surely a wrong learning enter! Even it leads to kill the language standards due to unnecessary globalized jargon. Globalization is one of the many terms virtually quotidian in present times discourse.
A Telescopic Vision of K.V. Dominic’s Poetic World through Cataracts of Compassion
Authors: Dr. Dharmendra Kumar Singh
Published: December 2021

An attempt to present the poetic world of a particular poet particularly based on a particular volume is thought to be a herculean task. Can it be possible? is the question. Generally, the poetic world of a poet is known or understood with the help of the close study of his all works where his all feelings, passions and emotions are reflected vividly and variously. There is a saying in this world that possibility resides in impossibility and hither is our ray of hope as the work of a poet is the result of all the generative energy that he possesses. Time, place and position are also the dominant deciding factors in shaping the poetic world of a poet .None can prevent him from the above said things. The other thing is that feelings, passions and emotions are the recurring things that recur in each and every work of a poet in various forms. This is why, here, a little step is taken to have a telescopic vision of his poetic world through his particular anthology The Cataracts of Compassion. Its possibility is to be seen in an affirmative way as without any major distinction the mind, psyche and tendency of a poet is present in his all works. Miniatures always present the giants i.e. they attribute the real and ubiquity of a poet is known to all so there is no harm to have a telescopic visions of Prof. Dominic’s poetic world through the Cataracts of Compassion.
Identity Crisis in Kazuo Ishiguro’s Never Let Me Go
Authors: Deepa  , Dr. Parul Tyagi
Published: December 2021

In never Let Me Go, the cloned protagonist proves unable to resist a fate that is finalize by others and 'completion' results in their inevitable death. The uniqueness of theme of organ donations provides the focus of the clone narrator's story. We might expect a showdown scheme where the clones discover their true identity. However, Ishiguro refuses to meet such expectations. Kathy H. and her friends Tommy and Ruth are consumed with questions about themselves and their place in the world. The children attain a sense of identity through their treasured collections, creativity artwork and delicate social structures. Part of their identity therefore always remains a mystery to them and this adds their confusion about who they are and what is their place in the world. No one appear exempt from the harsh reality offered by the ambiguity of human identity.
East-West Dichotomy in Orhan Pamuk’s The White Castle
Authors: Soumya Samanta
Published: December 2021

Orhan Pamuk’s The White Castle is a historical novel that is set during the Ottoman reign. The novel presents the metaphysical opposition of East and West, self and the other, intuition and reason, mysticism, science and global and local, and the recurring issues of conflict of civilization, identity crisis, and cultural variations. Orhan Pamuk as a postmodern writer tries to bridge the gap between the East and the West through his writings. Although Turkey is at the backdrop in most of his novels, the treatment of themes is universal. The paper proposes the theory of Orientalism by Edward Said, which represents the encounter and treatment of the "Orient." The concept of identity expressed by Pamuk in his wide range of novels also can be related to the “Orient” and “Occident.” The culture of the East has always been portrayed as the binary opposite of Europe in history and fiction. The loss of identity of the East reflected in the works of Pamuk is an outcome of the clash between East and Europe, further leading to chaotic contexts and dilemmatic protagonists. Individuals unable to choose between the traditional self and the fashionable West mourn the lost identity of a country and their self.
Formation of Identity through the Presentation of Motherhood in Tahmima Anam’s A Golden Age
Authors: Rukunuddin Shaikh
Published: December 2021

Tahmima Anam is the first Bangladeshi novelist in English who draws international attention to the Liberation war of 1971 of Bangladesh through the publication of her first novel A Golden Age in 2007. The Liberation war is replete with the incident of genocide, rape, inhuman torture, abductions etc. The war has instilled a kind of horror into the psyche of Bangladeshi people. During the war the Muslim majority of people of East Pakistan are in an acute identity crisis. Pakistan was formed on the basis of religion Islam. But even religion cannot unite the two wings of Pakistan. Therefore people are in an identity dilemma between religion and nationalism. They are also in a fix as to whom to support- East or West Pakistan. Anam captures this particular complexity in her novel through the protagonist Rehana Haque. In this paper, I will bring forth the complexity of identity formation through the depiction of motherhood of Rehana Haque from feministic standpoint.
Role of Motivation in English Language Learning: A Real Challenge
Authors: Dr. Mirza Sibtain Beg
Published: December 2021

One of the most important Laws of Learning is the Law of Readiness. It is a big challenge for the teachers to kindle a strong desire in pupils to learn English Language swiftly which is not their Native Language. Motivation plays a very important role in the process of learning a Language. Intrinsic Motivation is a kind of motivation that comes from inside. Extrinsic Motivation emanates from external pressures such as essential for job or any other obligation. The differential success of ESL learner proffers us to examine the strategies utilized by successful Language Learners. The teachers can help students improve their performance laying more focus on learning strategies which proved fruitful. Language teachers can effectively teach by virtue of developing interest in students for Language Learning. Passion is very key to Motivation. Passion establishes a link between intrinsic goals and aspirations. Successful Language Learning can be achieved by means of passion. The role of ELT teacher is to devise ways and means to connect to this Passion. Learners need quality instruction, feedback, interaction and chance to have progress and to maintain Motivation for Language Learning as well. A good instructor must utilize the sources of Intrinsic Motivation to establish a connection with Extrinsic factors that can be brought to a classroom setting. It is also very significant for instructors to identify student’s motives and needs etc and thereby evolving proper motivational strategies. Motivation may erode during designing a Language course. The Teachers have to bear in mind that Learners differ in interest expectations from one another.
Safety and Improved Efficacy Outcomes in Children With AADC Deficiency Treated With Eladocagene Exuparvovec Gene Therapy: Results From Three Clinical Trials
Authors: Liang Hwu Paul Wuh- , Hsiu Chien Yin- , Chung Lee Ni- , Hong Tseng Sheng- , Hwei Ta Chun- , Conway Anne Marie , Giugliani Luciana , Pachelli Pedro , Federhen Andressa , Pykett Mark
Published: December 2021

Introduction: aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency, a rare genetic disorder of neurotransmitter synthesis, is characterized by motor developmental deficits and clinical features associated with the autonomic nervous system, including dyskinesia, and oculogyric crisis. Objective: To evaluate clinical outcomes in children with AADC deficiency treated with eladocagene exuparvovec, a recombinant adeno-associated virus vector containing the human cDNA encoding the AADC enzyme. Methods: In 3 open-label clinical studies, children with AADC deficiency who had no full head control and no ability to sit, stand, or walk received eladocagene exuparvovec as bilateral, intraputaminal, stereotactic infusions during a single operative session (total dose, 1.8 x 1011vg). Body weight, oculogyric crisis episodes, and adverse events (AE) were recorded. Results: In the 3 studies, patients aged 21 months to 8.5 years (N=26) received eladocagene exuparvovec, constituting the safety population. In the intent-to- treat population (N=21), mean body weight at baseline was 12.0 kg (median 10.5 kg) and increased to 15.2 kg (median 13.2 kg) at 12 months posttreatment. Frequency of oculogyric crises was improved at 12 months posttreatment. Dyskinesia was recorded as an AE in 23 patients in the safety population; most events were mild or moderate, occurred within 3 months after eladocagene exuparvovec treatment, generally responded to standard pharmacotherapy, and resolved in all patients by 10 months. Conclusions: In children with AADC deficiency who received eladocagene exuparvovec gene therapy, body weight increased and oculogyric crises and dyskinesia improved.
Management of low-grade gliomas
Authors: Dutra Milla Giancristofaro , Zanetti Bernardo Valle , Tubenchlak Ana Luiza Badini , Muffato Bárbara Gomes , Dutra Leonardo Moreira , Resende Maria Clara Lopes , Moreira Mariana Vanon , Dias Yves Henrique Faria
Published: December 2021

Background: Gliomas are the most aggressive and prevalent primary malignant tumors of the central nervous system. For better mapping, they are subclassified into degrees in proportion to their malignancy. Although low-grade patients have a better prognosis, they are extremely heterogeneous. Since the high variability in the outcomes of the condition, it is essential to investigate the current therapeutic strategies available. Objective: Analyze the management of low-grade gliomas. Methods: In April 2021, a literature review was conducted on MEDLINE using the descriptors: “Glioma”, “Low Grade”; “Treatment”; as well as their variations obtained in MeSH. Controlled and randomized clinical trials carried out on humans in the last five years were included. Results: 63 articles were found and 10 of them were analyzed in this review. The research has shown that total tumor resection is the therapeutic modality that causes the greatest drop in the mortality rates. Furthermore, the greater the extraction, the greater the progression-free survival. In this way, for greater safety of large-scale surgeries, several intraoperative techniques have been developed. An example is the waking approach, which presents favorable long-term functional results and low failure rates. However, the isolated surgery is often not sufficiently curative. Therefore, it is necessary to complement radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide, associated with a 5 to 10 year survival rate when combined. Conclusions: Studies have shown that total resection of the tumor is the best way to manage low-grade gliomas, but it is often combined with temozolamide chemotherapy and radiotherapy for a better prognosis.
Self-mutilation as a clinical manifestation of Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis
Authors: Costa Gustavo Carvalho , Marin Carolina Maria , Farias Igor Braga , Badia Bruno de Mattos Lombardi , Souto Emília Correia , Pinto Icaro França Navarro , Machado Roberta Ismael Lacerda , Souza Paulo Victor Sgobbi de , Pinto Wladimir Bocca Vieira de Rezende , Oliveira Acary Souza Bulle
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare neurological entity, which consists of an autosomal recessive inherited disorder of bile acid biosynthesis due to CYP27A1 variants, with variable systemic and neurological clinical presentation. Psychiatric signs are also observed at early adulthood and includes behavioral and personality changes, depression and psychosis. However, self-mutilation has not been previously described. Case report: We attend to two sisters with a unique clinical presentation. The first patient, 33 years old, presented epilepsy at 17, in addition to cognitive impairment and tendon xanthomas. A severe depressive condition was established at 25. A year ago, she had frequent bites on his lips and tongue. The second patient, 28 years old, had chronic diarrhea and juvenile cataract in childhood. Axial ataxia has been observed since age 18. After 3 years, she presented psychiatric decline marked by visual, auditory hallucinations and persecutory delirium. Four months ago she showed signs of self-mutilation with a sting in the phalanges of his hands. Both patients had elevated plasma cholestanol and 7-dehydro-cholesterol. The genetic test showed a homozygous c.1183 C>T (p.Arg395Cys) variant in the CYP27A1 gene. Conclusion: The reports illustrate the relevance of self-mutilation in CTX, an unprecedented clinical presentation that should be remembered as another differential diagnosis with this phenomenology.
Epidemiology of Spinal Cord Trauma in Brazil: a review of the literature
Authors: Oliveira Amanda Gomes , Duda Anderson José do Nascimento , Vieira Camila Barros , Carvalho Débora Aline Oliveira Portela de , Rego Juliana Soares de Oliveira , Moura Larissa Valeska da Silva , Andrade Nadine Nebl Jardim Lacerda , Netto Neila Vasconcelos Spencer , Neves Wellington Matheus Pereira das , Horta Wagner Gonçalves
Published: December 2021

Background: Spinal cord trauma (SCT) is an injury that affects any region of the spinal cord, bringing not only organic implications, but also an important socioeconomic impact due to its high morbidity and mortality. Thus, it is relevant to evaluate the distribution of risk factors that contribute to its prevalence in Brazil. Objectives:To evaluate the risk factors that contribute to the prevalence of SCT in Brazil. Design and setting: Review of the literature in Catholic University of Pernambuco Methods: Searches were performed in the databases PUBMED, BVS and Scielo, with the descriptors: ‘’epidemiology’’ and ‘’spinal cord trauma’’ and ‘’Brazil’’. Included were articles published from 2015 to 2021. 63 results found and 5 selected. Results: The analysis showed that the epidemiology of spinal cord trauma in Brazil is predominantly male, with ages ranging from 35.2 to 44 years, with the cervical spine being the most affected segment and traffic accidents as the major causal factor. Conclusions: The socioeconomic damages deeply impact the quality of life of the individual affected by spinal cord injury, so understanding the epidemiology is essential to plan preventive actions and treatments. We emphasize the need for further studies, considering the low number of articles on.
Clinical and neurological findings of a patient with type 2 neurofibromatosis
Authors: Silva Bruno Custódio , Gasparetto Tatiane Andressa , Duarte Fábio Biguelini , Zen Paulo Ricardo Gazzola , Rosa Rafael Fabiano Machado
Published: December 2021

Context: Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease that predisposes to tumors development, especially schwannomas involving vestibular nerves. Case report: A 13-year-old girl, a couple’s daughter with no cases of genetic diseases in the family, had photophobia and recurrent left eye paralysis since she was 5 years old. At 11, she had dizziness at rest and on moving. Physical exam showed a lack of balance, weakness in the legs and bilateral papilledema. Cranial computed tomography revealed a bilateral vestibular nerve schwannoma. The increase in tumor volume led to obstructive hydrocephalus and hypertensive signs. She evolved with vision loss and magnetic resonance imaging showed ventricular dilation, thus she underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy. The patient reported a gradual worsening of balance when walking and episodes of sporadic headache, progressing to seizures treated with valproic acid. Ophthalmological evaluation revealed vision loss and small bilateral scotoma in campimetry. She reported occasional ear pain and audiometry showed mild bilateral hearing loss. A surgery plan was performed for tumor resection. Conclusions: The clinical findings and complementary exams were compatible with the diagnosis of NF2, which required ventricular shunt and indication for tumor removal, according to disease progression. Thus, these patients must be monitored, due to symptoms progression as well as oriented to family recurrence possibility.
Multiple contractures and their relationship with congenital amyoplasia
Authors: Silva Bruno Custódio , Alano Tainá , Vidori Lennon , Zen Paulo Ricardo Gazzola , Rosa Rafael Fabiano Machado
Published: December 2021

Context: Congenital amyoplasia is characterized by contractures (arthrogryposis) involving multiple large joints. Case report: The patient is a couple’s first daughter and no history of similar cases in the family. She was born at term, by cesarean delivery, weighing 3080 grams and with Apgar scores of 8 and 9. Gestational ultrasound revealed fetal akinesia, oligodramnia, and altered fetal skeletal musculature with shortening of the four limbs. During delivery, she suffered a fracture of the right femur. The patient evolved with a delay in neuropsychomotor development. On physical examination, hypotonia, nevus flammeus on the forehead, contractures involving several joints (including fingers, elbows, hips, knees and feet) were observed as well as pits in elbows and knees. Computed tomography scan of the skull showed cortical hypoplasia. Radiographic evaluation showed levoconvex thoracolumbar scoliosis and congenital changes in vertebral bodies of the thoracic spine, and thinning bone structures of the upper limbs. In addition, there were dysplastic acetabular, signs of constriction or tissue band in distal third of the right and middle thighs of the left, intense muscular hypotrophy, thinning of diaphysis of the femurs and echinovirus feet. Abdominal ultrasound and karyotype were normal. Conclusions: The clinical findings were compatible with those of congenital amyoplasia. Fetal akinesia or hypokinesia is a finding widely reported by mothers of children with this condition, as occurred in our case. Therefore, early interventions are very important, in order to avoid, in particular, greatest atrophy of the affected limbs, in addition to osteopenia.
Neurological findings in a patient with mosaic chromosome 8 trisomy
Authors: Silva Bruno Custódio , Salvador Thais Vanessa , Hartmann Jéssica Karine , Zottis Laira Francielle Ferreira , Souza Mateus Arenhardt de , Zen Paulo Ricardo Gazzola , Rosa Rafael Fabiano Machado
Published: December 2021

Context: Mosaic chromosome 8 trisomy is a rare genetic disease that can develop with neurological abnormalities. Case report: A male patient had a deficit in weight gain since his first month of life, in addition to delayed speech and neuropsychomotor. At 2 years old, the family noticed that he did not see well, and then began an ophthalmological investigation that resulted in the diagnosis of bilateral congenital cataract. Moreover, it was observed that the child had microcephaly, epicanthus, and strabismus converging to the right. Abdominal ultrasound showed hepatosplenomegaly and asymmetric kidneys. Computed tomography scan of the skull was normal. Chest radiography showed an increase in cardiac volume. Bone scintigraphy revealed heterogeneous uptake of the tracer radius in the projection of the femoral diaphyses, in addition to bilateral distal femoral hypertension, with central hypoactivity being more evident on the left. Blood karyotype exhibited a mosaic chromosome 8 trisomy (mos 47, XY, + 8 [10] / 46, XY [12]). His first medullogram had been normal; however, the new test showed myelodysplasia. Conclusions: Mosaic chromosome 8 trisomy is a chromosomal abnormality characterized by quite varied clinical manifestations. Neurological changes may be present, among which are seizures. There is also a description of agenesis of the corpus callosum. In our case, speech and neuropsychomotor delay was noteworthy.
Neurological findings of a patient with Patau syndrome and a nonusual clinical presentation
Authors: Silva Bruno Custódio , Vieira Maria Isabelle Nakano , Delazeri Gisele , Alves Esther Rodrigues Rocha , Konopka Ana Luíza Kolling , Spiller Guilherme Rocha , Zen Paulo Ricardo Gazzola , Rosa Rafael Fabiano Machado
Published: December 2021

Context: Chromosome 13 trisomy, or Patau syndrome (PS), is a genetic condition characterized by multiple findings and usually poor survival rate. However, its clinical presentation can be variable. Case report: A male patient was referred for evaluation due to a syndromic aspect. He was born by normal delivery, at term, weighing 4700 g. On physical exam, at 2 months, two areas of scaly aplasia on the scalp were shown as well as left coloboma of the iris, bulbous nose with small nostrils, ears with oversized helices, micrognathia, umbilical hernia, clinodactyly of the index finger of the hand left and the 4th and 5th toes of the left foot. Echocardiography revealed tetralogy of Fallot. The karyotype showed a free trisomy of chromosome 13 (47, XY, + 13), compatible with the diagnosis of PS. The patient died at 9 months of age due to complications from bronchopneumonia and had evolved with a delay in neuropsychomotor development at that moment. Conclusions: There are findings that stand out among patients with PS and that very often lead to diagnosis, such as micro/anophthalmia, bilateral cleft lip/palate and polydactyly. It is interesting in our case that the patient did not have any of them, which made it difficult to identify. In addition, from a neurological point of view, the findings were quite common; however, in our patient, there was only a delay in neuropsychomotor development, pointing out that the neurological findings can also be quite variable.