bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhaled corticosteroids do not adversely impact outcomes in COVID-19 positive patients with COPD: An analysis of Cleveland Clinic’s COVID-19 registry
Authors: Sen Payal , Majumdar Uddalak , Zein Joe , Hatipoğlu Umur , Attaway Amy H.
Published: June 2021

Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) are commonly prescribed to patients with severe COPD and recurrent exacerbations. It is not known what impact ICS cause in terms of COVID-19 positivity or disease severity in COPD. This study examined 27,810 patients with COPD from the Cleveland Clinic COVID-19 registry between March 8th and September 16th, 2020. Electronic health records were used to determine diagnosis of COPD, ICS use, and clinical outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression was used to adjust for demographics, month of COVID-19 testing, and comorbidities known to be associated with increased risk for severe COVID-19 disease. Amongst the COPD patients who were tested for COVID-19, 44.1% of those taking an ICS-containing inhaler tested positive for COVID-19 versus 47.2% who tested negative for COVID-19 (p = 0.033). Of those who tested positive for COVID-19 (n = 1288), 371 (28.8%) required hospitalization. In-hospital outcomes were not significantly different when comparing ICS versus no ICS in terms of ICU admission (36.8% [74/201] vs 31.2% [53/170], p = 0.30), endotracheal intubation (21.9% [44/201] vs 16.5% [28/170], p = 0.24), or mortality (18.4% [37/201] vs 20.0% [34/170], p = 0.80). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated no significant differences in hospitalization (adj OR 1.12, CI: 0.90–1.38), ICU admission (adj OR: 1.31, CI: 0.82–2.10), need for mechanical ventilation (adj OR 1.65, CI: 0.69–4.02), or mortality (OR: 0.80, CI: 0.43–1.49). In conclusion, ICS therapy did not increase COVID-19 related healthcare utilization or mortality outcome in patients with COPD followed at the Cleveland Clinic health system. These findings should encourage clinicians to continue ICS therapy for COPD patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Application of machine learning approaches to administrative claims data to predict clinical outcomes in medical and surgical patient populations
Authors: MacKay Emily J. , Stubna Michael D. , Chivers Corey , Draugelis Michael E. , Hanson William J. , Desai Nimesh D. , Groeneveld Peter W.
Published: June 2021

Objective

This study aimed to develop and validate a claims-based, machine learning algorithm to predict clinical outcomes across both medical and surgical patient populations.

Methods

This retrospective, observational cohort study, used a random 5% sample of 770,777 fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries with an inpatient hospitalization between 2009–2011. The machine learning algorithms tested included: support vector machine, random forest, multilayer perceptron, extreme gradient boosted tree, and logistic regression. The extreme gradient boosted tree algorithm outperformed the alternatives and was the machine learning method used for the final risk model. Primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes were: rehospitalization, and any of 23 adverse clinical events occurring within 30 days of the index admission date.

Results

The machine learning algorithm performance was evaluated by both the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) and Brier Score. The risk model demonstrated high performance for prediction of: 30-day mortality (AUROC = 0.88; Brier Score = 0.06), and 17 of the 23 adverse events (AUROC range: 0.80–0.86; Brier Score range: 0.01–0.05). The risk model demonstrated moderate performance for prediction of: rehospitalization within 30 days (AUROC = 0.73; Brier Score: = 0.07) and six of the 23 adverse events (AUROC range: 0.74–0.79; Brier Score range: 0.01–0.02). The machine learning risk model performed comparably on a second, independent validation dataset, confirming that the risk model was not overfit.

Conclusions and relevance

We have developed and validated a robust, claims-based, machine learning risk model that is applicable to both medical and surgical patient populations and demonstrates comparable predictive accuracy to existing risk models.
Does childhood experience of family victimization influence adulthood refusal of wife abuse? Evidence from rural Bangladesh
Authors: Karim Rabiul , Rahman Suchona , Rahman Hafijur , Habib Tanzima Zohra , Arefin Sadequl , Swahnberg Katarina
Published: June 2021

This study examined how different forms of childhood family victimization are associated with the attitudinal (not actual action) refusal of wife abuse among women and men in rural Bangladesh. It included 1,929 randomly selected married women and men. Of the sample, 31.3% (Men= 49.3%,Women= 13.5%) attitudinally refused overall wife abuse, 38.5% (Men= 53.2%,Women= 23.8%) refused emotional abuse, 67.0% (Men= 82.5%,Women= 51.6%) refused physical abuse, 78.0% (Men= 88.6%,Women= 67.4%) refused abuse on wife’s disobeying family obligations, and 32.3% (Men= 50.3%,Women= 14.6%) refused abuse on challenging male authority. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the odds ratio (ORs) of the attitudinal refusal of overall wife abuse were 1.75 (p= .041) for the childhood non-victims of emotional abuse and 2.31 (p< .001) for the victims of mild emotional abuse, compared to the victims of severe emotional abuse. On the other hand, the ORs of the overall refusal of abuse were 1.84 (p= .031) for the non-victims of physical abuse and 1.29 (p= .465) for the victims of mild physical abuse, compared to the childhood victims of severe physical abuse. Data further revealed that the childhood non-victimization of physical abuse increased all types of attitudinal refusal of wife abuse, e.g., emotional abuse, physical abuse, abuse on disobeying family obligations, and abuse on challenging male authority. Compared to the childhood experiences of severe emotional abuse, data also indicated that childhood exposure to mild emotional abuse might increase the attitudinal refusal of wife abuse on a few issues, e.g., abuse on disobeying family obligations, abuse on challenging male authority, and physical abuse. It appeared that childhood experiences of family victimization greatly influence different types of attitudinal refusal of wife abuse. We argue that the issue of childhood victimization should be brought to the forefront in the discourse. We recommend that state machinery and social welfare agencies should expend significant efforts to stop child abuse within the family and in other areas of society in rural Bangladesh.
Spatial distribution and geographical heterogeneity factors associated with poor consumption of foods rich in vitamin A among children age 6–23 months in Ethiopia: Geographical weighted regression analysis
Authors: Tiruneh Sofonyas Abebaw , Fentie Dawit Tefera , Yigizaw Seblewongel Tigabu , Abebe Asnakew Asmamaw , Gelaye Kassahun Alemu
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Vitamin A deficiency is a major public health problem in poor societies. Dietary consumption of foods rich in vitamin A was low in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the spatial distribution and spatial determinants of dietary consumption of foods rich in vitamin A among children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia.

Methods

Ethiopian 2016 demographic and health survey dataset using a total of 3055 children were used to conduct this study. The data were cleaned and weighed by STATA version 14.1 software and Microsoft Excel. Children who consumed foods rich in vitamin A (Egg, Meat, Vegetables, Green leafy vegetables, Fruits, Organ meat, and Fish) at least one food item in the last 24 hours were declared as good consumption. The Bernoulli model was fitted using Kuldorff’s SaTScan version 9.6 software. ArcGIS version 10.7 software was used to visualize spatial distributions for poor consumption of foods rich in vitamin A. Geographical weighted regression analysis was employed using MGWR version 2.0 software. A P-value of less than 0.05 was used to declare statistically significant predictors spatially.

Results

Overall, 62% (95% CI: 60.56–64.00) of children aged 6–23 months had poor consumption of foods rich in vitamin A in Ethiopia. Poor consumption of foods rich in vitamin A highly clustered in Afar, eastern Tigray, southeast Amhara, and the eastern Somali region of Ethiopia. Spatial scan statistics identified 142 primary spatial clusters located in Afar, the eastern part of Tigray, most of Amhara and some part of the Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia. Children living in the primary cluster were 46% more likely vulnerable to poor consumption of foods rich in vitamin A than those living outside the window (RR = 1.46, LLR = 83.78, P < 0.001). Poor wealth status of the household, rural residence and living tropical area of Ethiopia were spatially significant predictors.

Conclusion

Overall, the consumption of foods rich in vitamin A was low and spatially non-random in Ethiopia. Poor wealth status of the household, rural residence and living tropical area were spatially significant predictors for the consumption of foods rich in vitamin A in Ethiopia. Policymakers and health planners should intervene in nutrition intervention at the identified hot spot areas to reduce the poor consumption of foods rich in vitamin A among children aged 6–23 months.
Can UVA-light-activated riboflavin-induced collagen crosslinking be transferred from ophthalmology to spine surgery? A feasibility study on bovine intervertebral disc
Authors: Vasilikos Ioannis , Teixeira Graciosa Q. , Seitz Andreas , Nothelfer Julia , Haas Julian , Wilke Hans-Joachim , Mizaikoff Boris , Beck Jürgen , Hubbe Ulrich , Neidlinger-Wilke Cornelia
Published: June 2021

Background

Collagen cross-links contribute to the mechanical resilience of the intervertebral disc (IVD). UVA-light-activated riboflavin-induced collagen crosslinking (UVA-CXL) is a well-established and effective ophthalmological intervention that increases the mechanical rigidity of the collagen-rich corneal matrix in Keratoconus. This study explores the feasibility, safety and efficacy of translating this intervention in reinforcing the IVD.

Methods

Annulus fibrosus (AF) cells were isolated from bovine IVDs and treated with different combinations of riboflavin (RF) concentrations (0.05–8 mM) and UVA light intensities (0.3–4 mW/cm2). Metabolic activity (resazurin assay), cell viability (TUNEL assay), and gene expression of apoptosis regulatorsC-FOSandPT5were assessed immediately and 24 hours after treatment. Biomechanical effects of UVA-CXL on IVDs were measured by indentation analysis of changes in the instantaneous modulus and by peel-force delamination strength analysis of the AF prior and after treatment.

Results

Different intensities of UVA did not impair the metabolic activity of AF cells. However, RF affected metabolic activity (p < 0.001).PT53expression was similar in all RF conditions tested whileC-FOSexpression decreased 24 hours after treatment. Twenty-four hours after treatment, no apoptotic cells were observed in any condition tested. Biomechanical characterizations showed a significant increase in the annular peel strength of the UVA-CXL group, when compared to controls of UVA and RF alone (p < 0.05). UVA-CXL treated IVDs showed up to 152% higher (p < 0.001) instantaneous modulus values compared to the untreated control.

Conclusion

This is the first study on UVA-CXL treatment of IVD. It induced significantly increased delamination strength and instantaneous modulus indentation values in intact IVD samples in a structure–function relationship. RF concentrations and UVA intensities utilized in ophthalmological clinical protocols were well tolerated by the AF cells. Our findings suggest that UVA-CXL may be a promising tool to reinforce the IVD matrix.
The presentational flow chart “unwell adult” of the Manchester Triage System—Curse or blessing?
Authors: Brutschin Vanessa , Kogej Monika , Schacher Sylvia , Berger Moritz , Gräff Ingo
Published: June 2021

Background

The presentational flow chart “unwell adult” of the Manchester Triage System (MTS) occupies a special role in this triage system, defined as the nonspecific presentation of an emergency patient. Current scientific studies show that a considerable proportion of emergency room patients present with so-called "nonspecific complaints". The aim of the present study is to investigate in detail the initial assessment of emergency patients triaged according to the presentational flow chart "unwell adult".

Methods

Monocentric, retrospective observational study.

Results

Data on 14,636 emergency department visits between March 12th and August 12th, 2019 were included. During the observation period, the presentational flow chart "unwell adult" was used 1,143 times and it was the third most frequently used presentational flow chart. Patients triaged with this flow chart often had unspecific complaints upon admission to the emergency department. Patients triaged with the “unwell adult” chart were often classified with a lower triage level. Notably, patients who died in hospital during the observation period frequently received low triage levels. The AUC for the MTS flow chart “unwell adult” and hospitalization in general for older patients (age ≥ 65 years) was 0.639 (95% CI 0.578–0.701), and 0.730 (95% CI 0.714–0.746) in patients triaged with more specific charts. The AUC for the MTS flow chart “unwell adult” and admission to ICU for older patients (age ≥65 years) was 0.631 (95% CI 0.547–0.715) and 0.807 (95% CI 0.790–0.824) for patients triaged with more specific flow charts. Comparison of the predictive ability of the MTS for in-hospital mortality in the group triaged with the presentational flow chart “unwell adult” revealed an AUC of 0.682 (95% CI 0.595–0.769) vs. 0.834 (95% CI 0.799–0.869) in the other presentational flow charts.

Conclusion

The presentational flow chart "unwell adult" is frequently used by triage nurses for initial assessment of patients. Patient characteristics assessed with the presentational flow chart "unwell adult" differ significantly from those assessed with MTS presentational flow charts for more specific symptoms. The quality of the initial assessment in terms of a well-functioning triage priority assessment tool is less accurate than the performance of the MTS described in the literature.
Sustaining traditional textile art among the Indigenous Nongtluh women of north-eastern India: An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Ramkumar Bharath , Dias Rebecca M.
Published: June 2021

Indigenous textile artisans have, for centuries, maintained traditional methods of textile making that is central to their livelihood and cultural identity. However, the increasing commodification of indigenous textiles around the world has threatened the preservation of traditional, eco-friendly methods of textile production, making it imperative to learn how indigenous groups that have successfully sustained their traditional textile art, have done so. This ethnographic study peers through the lens of indigenous Nongtluh women textile artisans belonging to the Ri-Bhoi district in the state of Meghalaya in the north-eastern region of India, with the aim of understanding how their traditional textile art has been sustained. An interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) of in-depth interview, focus group, field observation and photographic data uncovered two overarching themes that represented internal and external factors that have contributed to the sustenance of the Nongtluh women’s traditional textile art. Internal factors signified the artisans’ deep love for their textile art through inheritance, passion, ingenuity and pride. External factors revealed the role of government, economic prospect and convenience in the sustenance of the traditional textile art in this region. An interpretive framework is presented, representing these factors through the tree of sustenance. Implications and limitations are discussed.
Gipuzkoako osagarri pluraldun adizki tripertsonalen erroez
Authors: Leturiaga Angoitia Olatz
Published: June 2021

Artikulu honetan Gipuzkoako osagarri pluraldun adizki tripertsonalak dira aztergai. Izan ere, beti ez da erraza jakiten adizki batzuen oinarrian zein erro dagoen: *eradun ala *nin. Hori horrela izanik, saio honen helburua da Gipuzkoako testu zaharretan ageri diren —eta gaur egun zenbait hizkeratan dirauten— adizki batzuen oinarrian zein erro dagoen argitzen saiatzea. Lehendabizi, diozka ‘dizkio’ erakoez arituko gara, eta *eradun eta *nin hipotesien aldeko nahiz aurkako argudioak aurkeztuko ditugu; hala, saio honetan defendatzen dugu diozka ‘dizkio’ & diezte ‘dizkie’ adizkiek *nin erroa izateko itxura dutela (dio + -zka- > diozka; die + -zte- > diezte). Ondoren, hipotesi bera dizko/dizka ‘dizkio’ eta dizte/dizk(o)e ‘dizkie’ erakoetara heda daitekeen ikusiko dugu, gure ustean hala baita; horren arabera proposatzen duguna da diozka > dizka gertatu eta, beharbada, haren analogiaz sortuak izan daitezkeela azken horien gisako paradigmako gainerako adizkiak: hau da, diozka (d-i-o-zka-Ø) > dizka (d-i-z-ka-Ø) > dizko ‘dizkio’, dizku ‘dizkigu’, ditzu ‘dizkizu’, diztan ‘dizkidan’, etab. Bestalde, literatur gipuzkeraren balizko eraginaz ere jardungo dugu. Izan ere, XVIII-XIX. mendeetako Gipuzkoako testuetan ugari dira oraindik diozka ‘dizkio’ & diezte (eta diozkate) ‘dizkie’ erako adizkiak 3. pertsona datiboarekin, nahiz eta, ustez, forma zaharrak izan; gure iritzian, literatur eredutzat hartu izan ziren idazleen lanetan —besteak beste, Larramendiren 1729ko gramatikan— diozka & diezte erako adizkiak agertzeak lagundu zezakeen, beharbada, geroagoko idazleen testuetan (Lariz, Ubillos, Agirre Asteasukoa, Lardizabal, etab.) adizkiok hedatzen. Aipatutako adizkietako erroez jarduteaz gain, erroaren eta erro bakoitzak hartzen zuen pluralgilearen araberako (balizko) kronologia bat ere eskainiko dugu.
Nuevo fragmento de AE 1981, 559 (Santa Eulalia la Mayor, Huesca)
Authors: Pérez Yarza Lorenzo , Herrera Rando Javier
Published: June 2021

Presentamos un nuevo fragmento de inscripción procedente de Santa Eulalia la Mayor (Huesca) que pertenece a la incompleta pieza AE 1981, 559. Este estudio ofrece algunas relecturas tras realizar autopsias sobre ambas partes, así como ciertas novedades interpretativas de tipo onomástico.
La asociación simbólica entre la salamandra, Cleón y los pescadores de anguilas en los Emblemata (1596) de Denis Lebey
Authors: Antón Beatriz
Published: June 2021

Este trabajo analiza el emblema XXIII, In Cleones nostri saeculi, qui nisi turbatis rebus laterent, del jurista y poeta francés Denis Lebey (Emblemata, 1596), un sugestivo tríptico icónico elaborado con motivos de la zoología (la salamandra), la historia antigua (el demagogo Cleón) y las actividades humanas (los pescadores de anguilas). Se identifican las principales fuentes del argumento (las Parabolae, sive Similia de Erasmo y los Collectanea de Jacobus Manlius) y también se señala la procedencia de todos los loci communes que conforman la paraphrasis que acompaña el emblema. Por último, este estudio incluye un epílogo sobre el ‘Cleón’ más famoso e influyente de nuestro tiempo, el presidente Donald Trump, un paralelismo percibido por numerosos estudiosos.
Nombres de divinidades locales en el noroeste español: revisitando a Mª Lourdes Albertos
Authors: González Rodríguez M.ª Cruz
Published: June 2021

Ofrecemos la lista de divinidades locales documentadas en la epigrafía latina del conuentus Lucensis y del territorio español de los conuentus Asturum y Bracaraugustanus. Este repertorio se ha llevado a cabo a partir del examen directo de las inscripciones religiosas con teonimia local conservadas en el noroeste español, concretamente en Galicia y las provincias de León, Zamora y Asturias y pretende revisar y actualizar las listas de los teónimos hispanos del noroeste de la Hispania citerior.
Geografía de la renta de los hogares en España a nivel municipal: nuevos datos y nuevas posibilidades de geovisualización, exploración y análisis espacial en entornos cloud
Authors: Ojeda Zújar José , Paneque Salgado Pilar , Sánchez Rodríguez Esperanza , Pérez Alcántara Juan Pedro
Published: June 2021

En el contexto del cuarto paradigma científico, la Geografía cuenta con una oportunidad única para desarrollar nuevas formas de investigación mediante el diseño y uso de herramientas de geovisualización, exploración y análisis de datos espaciales en plataformas cloud, así como para explotar nuevas fuentes de datos. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar diferentes variables e indicadores del Atlas de distribución de renta de los hogares a nivel municipal para el año 2017, a través del desarrollo de una aplicación web que permite realizar análisis exploratorios de datos espaciales e identificar nuevas hipótesis de trabajo que, finalmente, ayuden a seleccionar y definir las metodologías de análisis. Esta exploración preliminar se basa en las posibilidades de geovisualización multiescalar (geovisores web) y de interacción con los datos en los clientes web, a través del uso de herramientas de filtrado, agrupación o análisis (widgets), así como en las posibilidades de identificación y caracterización de una serie de conglomerados (clústeres), que permiten avanzar en la comprensión de la distribución espacial de la renta y sus fuentes de ingreso en España. Los resultados muestran nuevas tipologías territoriales y patrones espaciales que, además, contribuyen a superar ciertas creencias o ‘estigmas’ territoriales. Este trabajo quiere ser una primera aportación a un proyecto más amplio sobre patrones espaciales y desequilibrios territoriales en España que, además, pueda contribuir a consolidar una nueva forma de hacer Geografía.
Quality of Financial Reporting of the Enterprise: Evaluation Methodology
Authors: Pravdiuk Nataliia , Bondarenko Valerii , Pokynchereda Vitalii , Timchenko Olga
Published: June 2021

The article substantiates the necessity of carrying out the assessment of the quality of financial reporting of the enterprise with the purpose of inserting the level of its information filling to the needs of users and increasing their confidence in the institute of accounting. Proceeding from it theoretical and methodological positions of estimation of quality of the financial reporting on the basis of use of the theory of qualimetry are developed. The proposed model covers three consecutive stages, which provide for the description of the process of assessing the quality of financial reporting, the formation of a system of indicators for assessing the quality of financial reporting and determining the scale of their assessment, the quantitative assessment of qualitative properties of financial reporting, the analysis of the results of assessing the quality of financial reporting and management decisions. It is grounded that practical application of the developed method of assessment of financial reporting quality in contrast to the existing methods allows the development of separate models of assessment of financial reporting quality taking into account the needs of specific groups of users of accounting information and in accordance with the priority of qualitative properties of financial reporting defined by them.
Problems and Prospects of Budgetary Financing of Social Protection in Ukraine
Authors: Sievidova Iryna , Oliynik Tamila , Chorna Alina , Vitkovskyi Yurii , Kvyatko Tetyana , Plyhun Serhii
Published: June 2021

The sphere of social protection of the population occupies an important place in the socio-political life of the country. For the qualitative development of the social protection system, it is necessary to ensure the priority flow of funds in this area. Budgetary funds, which are the main source of financing, are a financial guarantee for the citizens of the country to receive the necessary level of social services. The study analyzes the dynamics of financing social protection from budget funds. The problems of financial support in this area have been identified. The peculiarity of financing the system of social protection of the population in Ukraine is that it was conceptually and practically formed on the basis of a significant role of the state, thereby directing a significant part of the expenditures of budgets of all levels to this industry. The dynamics of changes in financing of social expenditures from all types of budgets of Ukraine and their structure has been investigated. Part of budget expenditures on social protection in the structure of total budget expenditures is growing much more slowly than total budget expenditures due to the stagnation of almost all of its components. In monetary terms, the gap between deductions for social protection of the population becomes even more noticeable. And although in recent years in Ukraine the size of public expenditures directed to social protection of the population has increased, many types of social benefits and allowances have turned out to be insufficiently ineffective. This increases the unproductive burden on public finances and creates significant distortions in social protection. The main directions for the further development of the sphere of social protection should be the optimization of powers for the implementation of expenditures between the authorities of all levels. Endowing local and regional authorities with revenues sufficient to finance the assigned powers through decentralization of budgetary funds will help to achieve a balance between regional and local budgets. This will help optimize the social security system and improve the quality of life of the Ukrainian population.
The Efficiency of Financing the Regional Smart-Specialization Strategies’ Implementation from the EU Structural Funds
Authors: Storonyanska Iryna , Melnyk Maryana , Leshchukh Iryna , Shchehlyuk Svitlana , Medynska Tetyana
Published: June 2021

The paper provides the empirical analysis of the efficiency of financing the regional smart-specialization strategies’ implementation from the structural funds in the context of its impact on the improvement of economic wellbeing and prevention of growing regional misbalances in the EU at the NUTS 2 level. It verifies the inverse correlation between the GRP volumes per capita in the EU Member States and the volumes of funding of the smart-specialization activities. The financial resources of the EU structural funds for the implementation of the regional smart-specialization strategies are established to be distributed on a regional basis and to be showing the signs of the aligning policy, which is a reasonable tactic from the viewpoint of the need to secure the balanced spatial development. However, the paper emphasizes that the less developed regions aren’t able to fully generate powerful innovations that would boost the economic activity in the smart-specialization domains yet.
Concomitant yield optimization of tannase and gallic acid by Bacillus licheniformis KBR6 through submerged fermentation: An industrial approach
Authors: Das Mohapatra Pradeep K. , Biswas Ishita , Mondal Keshab C. , Pati Bikas R.
Published: June 2021

The present study is concerned with the evaluation of tannase and gallic acid production eﬃcacy of Bacillus licheniformis KBR6 under different environmental conditions through submerged fermentation. Results have shown that different environmental conditions and mineral sources have differential inﬂuences on tannase and gallic acid production. Highest tannase and gallic acid yield was observed at incubation period of 18 h and 22 h, respectively. At tannic acid concentration of 15 g/l, maximum cell mass (0.75 g/l), cell yield coeﬃcient (0.08 g/g), speciﬁc growth rate (37.5 mg/g/h), tannase yield (16.3 U/g) and speciﬁc tannase production rate (0.80 U/g/h) were observed, however, at higher tannic acid concentration a decrease in tannase yield and production rate were observed, but gallic acid production increased with increasing tannic acid concentration. Additional carbohydrate sources like glucose, fructose, and lactose showed positive inﬂuence on enzyme yield. Among the studied nitrogen sources urea and NH4Cl, and of the phosphate sources KH2PO4 showed favourable effects on cell growth and simultaneous enzyme and gallic acid production. Temperature of 35 °C was found to be optimum for tannase and gallic acid production. Of all the studied metal ions Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ showed positive effect whereas, Co2+, Ag2+, Pb2+, Hg2+ showed inhibitory effects.
Agreement and bias in the estimation of fat free mass using bioelectrical impedance analysis and a resistance and reactance- based formula for the Mexican adults: A study from Merida, Yucatan
Authors: Banik Sudip Datta
Published: June 2021

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is used to estimate body composition characteristics. The values of body fat and fat free mass (FFM) are obtained as per algorithms of the device that are often unknown to the researchers. Some models of the analyzer provide resistance and reactance values that may be useful to estimate FFM. Objective of the present study was to test the agreement and proportional bias in the estimation of FFM obtained through BIA and that derived from the resistance and reactance values using a formula for Mexican adults. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2019 selected 60 university male students aged 21 to 23 years from Merida, Yucatan. A multifrequency whole body bioelectrical impedance analyzer Tanita MC 180 MA (Tanita Corporation, Tokyo-Japan) was used to evaluate body composition characteristics. The device gives estimates of FFM in kg (based on algorithm) and the resistance and reactance values (ohms). There is an existing formula for Mexican adults to estimate FFM (FFM_FOR) from the resistance and reactance values obtained through BIA. An agreement between the two estimates of FFM has been tested using Bland-Altman plot and linear regression analysis. Mean value of age of the participants was 21.88 years. FFM estimated by BIA (FFM_BIA = 41.44 kg) and that derived from FFM_FOR (41.36 kg) had signifi cant intraclass correlation coeffi cient (ICC) (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.99, p<0.0001). One sample t-test estimating the diff erence of mean values between FFM_BIA and FFM_FOR was not signifi cant (t = 1.37, mean diff erence -0.02, p = 0.18). The Bland-Altman plot shows almost all data points lie within 95% confi dence interval limits. A linear regression analysis using the diff erence of FFM values as dependent variable and the average of the measurements as the independent variable showed no signifi cant interrelationships. In conclusion, the formula to estimate FFM using the resistance and reactance values of BIA has been found to be useful in the present study.
Immunopathological mechanisms of toxic damage to the liver, thymus and spleen
Authors: Shafigullina Z , Danilova I
Published: June 2021

Objective: to establish the features of the immune response in the early stages of diffuse toxic damage. Materials and methods. Diffuse toxic liver damage of male Wistar rats was caused by a single intraperitoneal injection of an oil solution of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) at a dose of 50 mg/100 g. Animals were carried out from the experiment on days 3, 7 and 14. The study included hematological and histological analysis, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of liver, thymus and spleen tissues, quantitative evaluation of CD3+, CD45RA+ (T-and B-lymphocytes), F4/80+ (macrophages), and HSP70+-cells. Results. CCl4 administration has been shown to cause structural disorders of liver, thymus, and spleen tissue. In the early stages, there is an increase in CD3+-cells in the liver and spleen, while CD45RA+-cells predominating in the thymus. On the 3rd day after CCl4 administration, the number of F4/80+-cells in the liver increases by 56.7%, in the thymus and spleen by 21% and 19.3%, respectively, there is also an increase in the number of HSP70+-cells roughly 2 times in the liver and thymus, and by 7 times in the spleen. Conclusion. Hepatotropic poison CCl4 causes damage not only the liver but the organs of immunopoesis. In the early stages of exposure to the toxicant the predominant population is T-lymphocytes (CD3+-cells) in the liver and spleen, and B – lymphocytes (CD45RA+-cells) in the thymus. In all the studied organs, the number of macrophages increases on the 3rd day of the experiment, and significantly decreases at the later term. This fact indicates that macrophages act as a target of toxic effects. The increase in the number of HSP70+-cells in the liver, thymus, and spleen in response to toxic damage is likely aimed at triggering the repair or elimination of denatured proteins that are toxic to the cell.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Urban Sprawl di Kawasan Cekungan Bandung
Authors: Fuadina Lutfia Nursetya , Rustiadi Ernan , Pravitasari Andrea Emma
Published: June 2021

Bandung Metropolitan Area is the second largest metropolitan area in Indonesia. Bandung Metropolitan Area also represents the type of metropolitan in Asia which has massive urbanization characteristic that caused by increasing economic growth. This research aims to analyze the spatial diversity of the factors influencing urban sprawl in Bandung Metropolitan Area. The data used in this study were secondary data consisting of Landsat satellite imagery and facilities data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in the year of 2003 and 2014. The methodology used in this study was Geograpically Weighted Regression (GWR) analysis. The results showed that each variables has a different influence on each locations. Population density variable has a positive effect on the percentage of built up area. Whereas the variable of distance to Bandung City, the percentage of paddy field area, the percentage of forest area, and the distance to the toll road has a negative effect on the percentage of built up area. While the effect of the District Development Index variable toward the percentage of built up area varies in each research location.
Rencana Sarana Pengolahan Limbah B3 Covid-19 di Kota Ambon
Authors: Botanri Adnan Affan Akbar , Makatita Rinaldy , Sopacua Vivi
Published: June 2021

Corona Virus or Covid-19 has taken over all the world, including Indonesia. This virus outbreak has become a pandemic because of its lightning-fast spread and greater number of death rate. Ambon as one of the cities in Eastern Indonesia is also affected by Corona Virus.The higher the positive cases in Ambon, the higher the hazardous and toxic waste production (B3). Now, the government of Maluku province is preparing B3 waste management facilities, so that this research aims to investigate the appropriate location for this waste management. This research was a qualitative descriptive by applying a SIG method, that was analysing the area function with the parameter of slope, soil type, and rainfall. The area function could be used to consider the development plans of an area. Then, the data of buildings was used as a basic to determine the ideal area with the service range of 500 meter in accordance with the standard distance of B3 waste management facilities from surrounding buildings. The research findings show four alternative areas of B3 waste management facilities in Ambon. These four areas are safe to be built hazardous and toxic waste (B3) management facilities since these are located far away from the settlements.
Study of Mobile City Application in Indonesia
Authors: Galuh Alifia Nada Putri , Rachmawati Rini
Published: June 2021

The Implementation of e-government has been established with the Instruction of President. Application of e-government is a research topic that has received a lot attention because of its improve the function and management of the city by utilizing Information and Communication Technology to improve the quality of public services. In this research focused on one application of e-government that called Mobile City. This study observe 22 application that has been implemented in 22 regencies/cities. This study have goals to identify and compare all 22 Mobile City Applocation to get the rank of the regency/city based on the quality of its application and research city with the best application . The results of the study to show the Mobile City application applies a Location Based Services (LBS) system so the main features of this application showed tourism locations or public facilities. The difference of application features between regencies/cities is depends on how the regency/city developed their application. The city that has the most complete features on its mobile city is Surakarta that called Solo Destination. This application is managed by the Office of Infromation Communication Statistics and Coding of Surakarta City with the most frequently used feature is community complaints.
Village Spatial Planning Based on Its Potential as Guidelines for Guided and Sustainable Village Development
Authors: Wardhani Mustika Kusumaning , Setioko Bambang , Pandelaki Edward Endrianto
Published: June 2021

Historical areas that support tourism activities will always adapt to match the complexity of tourism needs in the last few decades. The uniqueness of Kotagede is that there are traditional settlements of silver craftsmen's (Javanese: Abdi Dalem Kriya). The history of silver craftsmen's settlement has been formed since the Dutch colonial era and has survived until now as a characteristic of Kotagede. Silver craftsmen in Kotagede have a dilemma to survive for SMEs home-based or adapt to sell products to a larger scale industry. The research objectives are to determine whether or not there is a change in the settlement function caused by the silver home-based industry activities and to what extent the change has occurred. The method used is a quantitative method with a positivistic paradigm and uses descriptive analysis for data interpretation. Statistical data analysis used multivariate linear regression (SPSS V26). In this study, it was found that there was an effect of Silver home-based Industry Activities on change in residential space function with the low significance of 25.6 % while 74.4 % was thought to be influenced by other activities outside the research model. Partially, the highest variable effect on settlement changes is production activities that can be found in Purbayan and Prenggan Village. With the low significant impact results on settlement changes, It is hoped that the silver production activities (home-based industry) have the potential to be promoted as part of the survivability concept of tourism in Kotagede by advancing SMEs itself.
Kearifan Ekosistem Budaya pada Tata Ruang Lanskap Budaya Jawa Kuno di DAS Kali Brantas
Authors: Maulidi Chairul , Siregar Johannes Parlindungan
Published: June 2021

The protections for culture, natural environment and aesthetic are widely recognised as a part of sustainability. The cultural landscape were characterised by the traditional norms of the society and physical civilisation manifested in local wisdoms creating the traditional landscape and architecture. This study aimed to reconstruct the use of landscape as part of local culture representing the ancient Javanese civilization (9th to 15th century) in the Brantas River Basin. This study found how the Javanese cosmology was applied on a regional scale of space. According to the character of spatial use as well as its physical and social materials, the space of the ancient Javanese region consisted of three zones, namely: the Lower, Central and the Upper Zones. This findings was a model of local wisdom in the regional scale, as a counterpart of the contemporary notion of urban development that conceives the lanscape as a capital asset.
Minimization of Fuel Consumption of A Swarm Of Spacecraft Through A Genetic Algorithm Approach
Authors: Lecompte Shane , Scacchioli Annalisa
Published: June 2021

As humanity moves closer to forming realis-tic paths toward space exploration beyond that what we have already accomplished, multiple new chal-lenges have presented themselves. Traditional large spacecraft prove to be unfeasible both logistically and economically for missions where a single prob-lem can completely halt operations, especially given that higher reward missions are also of higher risk. A possible alternative to large craft is using a swarm of smaller craft made to accomplish the same goals while mitigating some of the drawbacks large craft face. Rockets, space shuttles, and satellites all prove to be too large to navigate areas of space dense with obstacles. Smaller craft on the scale of one meter in a large swarm would navigate these regions. Due to the decentralized nature of a swarm, any problems faced by one craft do not necessarily affect the oth-ers, allowing the swarm to stay operational despite some crafts becoming compromised. This feature means that a problem or miscalculation that could completely derail an entire mission in the context of a large spacecraft would not do the same to a swarm. In the context of exploring dense and/or extreme en-vironments in space, many logistic and economic problems faced by large craft due to their size and centralized nature will not affect a swarm. With an ac-curate mathematical model of the swarm dynamics from Benet et al.[1], a genetic algorithm’s metaheuristic method is utilized[2] to find optimal pa-rameters that yield a minimal fuel consumption value for a given trajectory/mission objective. From this approach, the total fuel consumption was cut in half while retaining desirable characteristics of the trajec-tory such as collision avoidance and final formation constraints, giving us a similar course that accom-plishes the same goal of transporting craft around objects and disturbances while also minimizing eco-nomic losses.
Potential prognostic markers and significant lncRNA–mRNA co-expression pairs in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Junguo , Liu Dingding , Gu Yajun , Zhou Han , Li Hui , Shen Xiaohui , Qian Xiaoyun
Published: June 2021

lncRNA–mRNA co-expression pairs and prognostic markers related to the development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) were investigated. The lncRNA and mRNA expression data of LSCC in GSE84957 and RNA-seq data of 112 LSCC samples from TCGA database were used. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) between LSCC and para-cancer tissues were identified. Co-expression analysis of DEGs and DE-lncRNA was conducted. Protein–protein interaction network for co-expressed DEGs of top 25 DE-lncRNA was constructed, followed by survival analysis for key nodes in co-expression network. Finally, expressions of several DE-lncRNAs and DEGs were verified using qRT-PCR. The lncRNA–mRNA network showed that ANKRD20A5P, C21orf15, CYP4F35P, LOC_I2_011146, XLOC_006053, XLOC_I2_003881, and LOC100506027 were highlighted in network. Some DEGs, including FUT7, PADI1, PPL, ARHGAP40, MUC21, and CEACAM1, were co-expressed with above lncRNAs. Survival analysis showed that PLOD1, GLT25D1, and KIF22 were significantly associated with prognosis. qRT-PCR results showed that the expressions of MUC21, CEACAM1, FUT7, PADI1, PPL, ARHGAP40, ANKRD20A5P, C21orf15, CYP4F35P, XLOC_I2_003881, LOC_I2_011146, and XLOC_006053 were downregulated, whereas the expression of LOC100506027 was upregulated in LSCC tissues. PLOD1, GLT25D1, and KIF22 may be potential prognostic markers in the development of LSCC. C21orf15-MUC21/CEACAM1/FUT7/PADI1/PPL/ARHGAP40 are potential lncRNA–mRNA pairs that play significant roles in the development of LSCC.
An Optimal Multilevel Method with One Smoothing Step for the Morley Element
Authors: Tang Shibing , Xu Xuejun
Published: June 2021

In this paper, a class of multilevel preconditioning schemes is presented for solving the linear algebraic systems resulting from the application of Morley nonconforming element approximations to the biharmonic Dirichlet problem.
Based on an appropriate space splitting of the finite element spaces associated with the refinements and the abstract Schwarz framework, we prove that the proposed multilevel methods with one smoothing step are optimal, i.e., the convergence rate is independent of the mesh sizes and mesh levels.
Moreover, the computational complexity is also optimal since the smoothers are performed only once on each level in the algorithm.
Numerical experiments are provided to confirm the optimality of the suggested methods.
Paris, the End of the Party in Alberto Blest Gana’sLos Trasplantados
Authors: Kaempfer Alvaro
Published: June 2021

Los Trasplantados[the Transplanted; the Uprooted] (1904) relates the saga of the Canalejas, a Hispanic American family that travels to France to educate their children. With the sole purpose of entering the ranks of the European aristocracy, they ultimately sacrifice one of their daughters by way of marriage. The family patriarch’s entrepreneurial vocation for social climbing, which served him well as he successfully rose into the ranks of the provincial elite in his country of origin, collapses in Paris. The Canalejas’ initial expectations of a journey give way to aspirations to integrate into Parisian high society. The narration develops as a moral narrative of the social, ethical and cultural wreckage endured by those who not only aspire to enjoy Europe at the end of the nineteenth century but also to integrate their lives into a city whose image they forged in Latin America. They sacrifice everything that connects them to their countries of origin, except for their ambition to advance socially and be recognised in their new communities and at home. Above all, the children are worse off, losing their places in a nineteenth-century vision of national aspiration.
An improved association rule mining algorithm for large data
Authors: Zhao Zhenyi , Jian Zhou , Gaba Gurjot Singh , Alroobaea Roobaea , Masud Mehedi , Rubaiee Saeed
Published: June 2021

The data with the advancement of information technology are increasing on daily basis. The data mining technique has been applied to various fields. The complexity and execution time are the major factors viewed in existing data mining techniques. With the rapid development of database technology, many data storage increases, and data mining technology has become more and more important and expanded to various fields in recent years. Association rule mining is the most active research technique of data mining. Data mining technology is used for potentially useful information extraction and knowledge from big data sets. The results demonstrate that the precision ratio of the presented technique is high comparable to other existing techniques with the same recall rate, i.e., the R-tree algorithm. The proposed technique by the mining effectively controls the noise data, and the precision rate is also kept very high, which indicates the highest accuracy of the technique. This article makes a systematic and detailed analysis of data mining technology by using the Apriori algorithm.
Solid–liquid–liquid phase envelopes from temperature-scanned refractive index data
Authors: Sitoe Alcides J. , Pretorius Franco , Focke Walter W. , Androsch René , du Toit Elizabeth L.
Published: June 2021

A novel method for estimating the upper critical solution temperature (UCST) of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET)-polyethylene systems was developed. It was validated using data for the dimethylacetamide (DMA)-alkane systems which showed that refractive index mixing rules, linear in volume fraction, can accurately predict mixture composition for amide-alkane systems. Furthermore, rescaling the composition descriptor with a single adjustable parameter proved adequate to address any asymmetry when modeling the DMA-alkane phase envelopes. This allowed the translation of measured refractive index cooling trajectories of DEET-alkane systems into phase diagrams and facilitated the estimation of the UCST values by fitting the data with an adjusted composition descriptor model. For both the DEET- and DMA-alkane systems, linear behavior of UCST values in either the Flory–Huggins critical interaction parameter, or the alkane critical temperature, with increasing alkane molar mass is evident. The UCST values for polymer diluent systems were estimated by extrapolation using these two complimentary approaches. For the DEET-polyethylene system, values of 183.4 and 180.1 °C respectively were obtained. Both estimates are significantly higher than the melting temperature range of polyethylene. Initial liquid–liquid phase separation is therefore likely to be responsible for the previously reported microporous microstructure of materials formed from this binary system.