bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Numerical Study for the Self-Propulsion Performance of a Propulsion System Using the Coanda Effect
Authors: Lee Jun-Hee , Paik Kwang-Jun , Oh Do-Han
Published: February 2025

This study evaluated the performance of a ship propeller numerically using the Coanda effect. The simulations applied a model based on a 6.5K DWT tanker and conducted self-propulsion assessments for three types of propellers: the original propeller, a normal propeller, and a Coanda propeller. The numerical simulations used the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) equations, incorporating the SST k–ω turbulence model. The influence of the additional thrust generated by the Coanda effect on the hull resistance and self-propulsion factors was analyzed. The key findings showed that the Coanda-based propeller achieved efficient propulsion performance by generating additional lift even at low rotational speeds. A self-propulsion analysis showed that the Coanda propeller required approximately 7.8% less delivered power than the original propeller. These results suggest that propulsion systems utilizing the Coanda effect offer superior efficiency and economic advantages over traditional technologies. This study provides critical baseline data for assessing the feasibility of a Coanda propeller, with further validation planned through full-scale ship simulations.
The Public Knowledge of Precision Medicine and Genomic Research: A Survey in the Aosta Valley
Authors: Mongelli Matteo , De Angelis Biagio , delle Cave Valeria , Greco Giuliano , De Arcangelis Arianna , Bernagozzi Andrea , Salvemini Chiara , Calabrese Matteo , Christille Jean Marc , Cavalli Andrea , Gustincich Stefano , Monaci Maria Grazia
Published: February 2025

Background: Precision medicine (PM) considers the genetic variability of individuals to identify tailored diagnosis and treatments. It relies on the possibility of gathering the widest possible health data and genetic information from individuals to obtain a broad pool of comparative data. To achieve this goal, the Region of Valle d’Aosta, since 2019, has co-financed the research center CMP3VdA, aiming to sequence 5000 genomes of patients with neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, oncological, and organ transplantation diseases, and to investigate the genetic variability of the resident population. Methods: This paper presents the results of an online survey of 472 (328F) respondents regarding willingness to participate in the genomic project and awareness, attitudes, and concerns about PM. Results: The main results show that the vast majority (92.6%) would be willing to participate—a higher percentage than in previous studies. Age, education, and prior experience in the healthcare sector are significant factors influencing the awareness of PM. Additionally, subgroups organized by age, gender, and religiosity show significant differences with respect to participants’ reasons for participating in research and which types of biological samples they would be willing to donate. Conclusions: Our findings can serve as a guide for stakeholders—particularly policymakers—to target institutional communication and achieve maximum participation in genomic research projects.
Minimally Invasive Lapidus Arthrodesis Associated with Distal Osteotomy of M1: A Combined Procedure for Hallux Valgus Correction
Authors: De Marchi Fabrizio , Crippa Ilaria Alice , Bobba Andrea , Pudda Alessandro , Anghilieri Filippo Maria , Verde Francesco , Familiari Filippo , Monti Lorenzo
Published: February 2025

Background: Hallux valgus is a common painful condition with tri-planar deformity of the first ray. Surgical correction consists of distal osteotomy of the first metatarsal and its lateral translation. However, in the case of hypermobility of the first cuneo-metatarsal joint (TMTJ), the associated Lapidus procedure is indicated to correct deformities along all three anatomical planes. Lapidus procedure is reported to have several contraindications and complications; for this reason, many surgeons proposed technical modification to the original procedure. We present the results of a novel surgical technique for hallux valgus correction with minimally invasive arthrodesis of first TMTJ without proximal correction of deformity, combined with a distal Austin-Chevron procedure. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent surgical correction of hallux valgus with our technique between January 2010 and January 2020. We collected data on demographics, anesthesiologic technique, associated surgical procedures, post-operative functional results, and complications. Dorso-plantar and lateral radiographs were performed at 6, 12, and 24 weeks after surgery or until fusion was documented. Clinical assessment considered gait analysis, pain or other disturbance, type of shoes worn, and use of orthosis. Results: A total of 240 patients were enrolled. AOFAS score, hallux valgus angle, and inter-metatarsal angle showed a significant improvement. Complications consisted of distal osteotomy non-union (1%), pain or protrusion of the screw (13%), and recurrence of deformity (2%). Overall, patients were very satisfied with the surgery in 192/278 (69%) cases, moderately satisfied in 67/278 (24%) cases, satisfied in 8/278 (3%) cases, and dissatisfied in 11/278 (4%) cases. Conclusions: Our novel surgical technique which combines in situ arthrodesis of the first tarso-metatarsal joint (TMTJ) with a distal Austin-Chevron procedure offers an effective alternative for correcting hallux valgus with first-ray hypermobility, minimizing complications associated with traditional methods.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Risk Aversion and Life Insurance Demand at the Country Level
Authors: Rapi Kristio , Priyarsono Dominicus S. , Jahroh Siti , Bakhtiar Toni
Published: February 2025

This study measured the risk aversion of nineteen selected countries using Szpiro’s approach and analyzed its effect on life insurance demand. Additionally, income and education were included as control variables and tested for their effects on life insurance demand and risk aversion. The results show a positive effect of risk aversion on life insurance demand, while income has a positive effect and education has a negative effect. We also find that income positively affects risk aversion, while education negatively affects it. These findings support the increasing relative risk aversion hypothesis and have significant implications for life insurance demand and pricing analysis.
Making IoT Networks Highly Fault-Tolerant Through Power Fault Prediction, Isolation and Composite Networking in the Device Layer
Authors: Jammalamadaka Kodanda Rama Sastry , Chokara Bhupati , Jammalamadaka Sasi Bhanu , Duvvuri Balakrishna Kamesh
Published: February 2025

High availability of the IoT network is challenging as the networks are prone to failures due to various faults occurring within the different layers of the IoT networks. Most of the failures in the device layer are due to furious signals created by the devices when the power left in the devices approaches the threshold level. Another frequent problem in this layer is communication failures due to a lack of fully functional communication paths. The fault tolerance of the IoT network gets depleted due to these failures.This paper introduces a novel method for predicting power fault occurrence and isolating such devices in the device layer. It also demonstrates the implementation of device clusters using different networking topologies, significantly enhancing the fault tolerance of IoT networks by providing multiple alternate communication paths. The proposed method has shown a remarkable improvement in the success rate (21 Percent), significantly increased the longevity of the IoT network (61 percent), and drastically reduced the false alarm rate (77 percent). It has also enhanced accuracy (1 Percent) compared to the nearest available models, demonstrating its effectiveness.
A Novel CCM3 Mutation Associated with a Severe Clinical Course in a Child with Multiple Cerebral Cavernous Malformations
Authors: Belousova Olga , Semenov Denis , Boulygina Eugenia , Tsygankova Svetlana , Konovalov Alexander
Published: February 2025

Background: Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are vascular lesions linked to mutations in the CCM1, CCM2, and CCM3 genes, resulting in angiogenesis dysregulation. This case study highlights the clinical course of a child with severe CCMs and explores the genetic basis of the condition. Methods: We used comprehensive clinical assessment and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to monitor the patient’s neurological status and CCM progression and genetic analysis by whole-exome sequencing to identify mutations in CCM-related genes. Results: The patient presented with developmental delays, multiple CCMs, and recurrent hemorrhagic events, requiring five surgical interventions. Genetic analysis revealed a novel frameshift mutation in the PDCD10 gene. Despite surgical efforts, the patient developed significant disability by age 13. Conclusions: This case illustrates the aggressive clinical course associated with CCMs, particularly in patients with CCM3 mutations. It underscores the importance of genetic screening and monitoring in understanding hereditary CCM progression and guiding treatment strategies.
Development of Wear-Resistant Polymeric Materials Using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) Technologies: A Review
Authors: Li Zhiwang , Chang Li
Published: February 2025

The advancement of 3D printing technology has changed material design and fabrication across various industries. Among its many applications, the development of high-wear-resistance polymer composites, particularly using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), has received increasing interest from both academic and industrial sectors. This paper provides an overview of recent advances in this field, focusing on the selection of key printing parameters (such as layer thickness, print speed, infill density, and printing temperature) and material compatibility optimisation to enhance print quality and tribological performance. The effects of various tribo-fillers, such as fibres and nanoparticles, on the tribological properties of the printed polymer composites were studied. Generally, in the case of nano-sized particles, the wear rate can be reduced by approximately 3 to 5 times when the nanoparticle content is below 5 vol.%. However, when the nanoparticle concentration exceeds 10 vol.%, wear resistance may deteriorate due to the formation of agglomerates, which disrupts the uniform dispersion of reinforcements and weakens the composite structure. Similarly, in short fibre-reinforced polymer composites, a fibre content of 10–30 vol.% has been observed to result in a 3 to 10 times reduction in wear rate. Special attention is given to the synergistic effects of combining micro- and nano-sized fillers. These advancements introduce novel strategies for designing wear-resistant polymer composites without requiring filament fabrication, making 3D printing more accessible for tribological applications. In the last part of the review, the impact of emerging AI technologies on the field is also reviewed and discussed. By identifying key research gaps and future directions, this review aims to drive further innovation in the development of durable, high-performance materials for wide industry applications in aerospace, biomedical, and industrial engineering.
Influence of Piston Lubricant on the Distribution of Defects in Cold Chamber High Pressure Die Casting
Authors: Lu Jingzhou , Lordan Ewan , Zhang Yijie , Fan Zhongyun , Dou Kun
Published: February 2025

In the cold chamber high pressure die casting process (CC-HPDC) for light alloys, the piston lubricants play a key role in protecting the piston tip from wearing and ensure adequate seal with the shot sleeve. However, during the production process, the pouring of overheated aluminum alloy melt into the shot sleeve would lead to evaporation and burning of the lubricants once in contact with the piston tip. The burning products, however, would form gas and non-metallic inclusions in the melt which would be transported and injected into the die area and finally trapped in the castings, all of which would affect the mechanical properties of the as-cast samples and deteriorate the product quality. To further investigate this issue, a pilot scale HPDC machine is used and the lubricant burning issue is studied based on material characterization and numerical modelling. The chemical composition, size, and morphology of the burned products are observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). In order to better explore the issue of lubricant combustion discovered in the experiment, a finite element model describing the entire HPDC process is established and the burning, motion, and trapping of the lubricant are calculated. The final distribution of the burned products such as gas and non-metallic inclusions are predicted and their influence on final solidification quality of the as-cast products under various process parameters are analyzed qualitatively. Finally, a slow shot velocity range of 0.4–0.6 m/s and an acceleration profile that ramps up to 0.3 m/s over 0–370 mm of the shot sleeve proved to be the most effective in reducing air entrainment and oxide inclusions to alleviate the burning of lubricant on final product quality.
Corrosion Behavior and Surface Characterization of Medium-Entropy Alloy Under Different Media Conditions
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Ye Shuyang , Min Qifan , Li Changlong , Li Delong , Cao Bosheng , Ma Wensheng , Zhao Kaimin , Wang Yan , Zhang Zhonghua
Published: February 2025

The corrosion characteristics and passive behavior of as-cast Ni40Fe30Co20Al10 medium-entropy alloy (MEA) fabricated by the vacuum arc melting technique were investigated in 3.5 wt.% NaCl, 0.5 M HCl, and 0.5 M H2SO4 solutions. Although the impact of different solutions on the corrosion current density was not pronounced, the corrosion potential values of MEAs in H2SO4, HCl and NaCl solutions were −0.37, −0.58 and −1.16 V, respectively, indicating that the resistance to general corrosion in acidic solutions becomes strengthened. Through electrochemical passive region tests, surface morphology analysis and ICP testing, it was found that, due to the high-entropy effect and uniform single-phase structure, an optimized and stable passive film formed specifically in the Cl−-containing solution. The ion concentrations in the passive region of MEA in NaCl solution were an order of magnitude lower than those of other two samples, suggesting that its passive film formed exhibits a more prominent capacity to inhibit metal dissolution. Compared with electrochemical reactions in H2SO4 and HCl solutions, MEA shows enhanced pitting resistance in NaCl solution, which could be attributed to the presence of abundant unoxidized metal atoms (51.9 at.%). Al is identified as the primary component in the formation of the passive film, which plays a protective role for the Co-rich interior of the MEA. Although MEA has a relatively high passivation current in the H2SO4 solution, it has the widest passivation zone (1.87 V), indicating the optimized stability of the formed passive film. Moreover, it displays a high level of resistance to pitting corrosion in the solution containing only H+- and free of Cl−. Both the MEAs show significant grain-boundary corrosion in H2SO4 and HCl solutions. Among them, the MEA in HCl experiences more severe intragranular corrosion. Notably, MEA withstands the erosion of a single Cl−- or H+-containing solution, but it is unable to resist the synergistic effect of a solution containing both H+ and Cl−.
Analysis of Energy Efficiency in WPC Production from Pinus sylvestris Wood and Thermoplastic ABS Supported by the HWE Method
Authors: Roman Kamil , Fedorowicz Katarzyna
Published: February 2025

This study evaluates the mechanical energy consumption involved in producing wood–plastic composites (WPC) using Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and a acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene terpolymer (ABS) thermoplastic. The research examines the effects of Hot Water Extraction (HWE) on the properties of Pinus sylvestris biomass and its application in biocomposite production. Two Pinus sylvestris fractions, f1 (0–1 mm) and f2 (1–4 mm), were analyzed with and without HWE during compaction. The energy requirements and material performance were assessed through moisture content control, ash content determination, and compaction testing. The results show that HWE significantly improves the physical and chemical properties of Pinus sylvestris, increasing its suitability for WPC production. The HWE-treated samples consumed less energy and exhibited a higher density compared to the untreated materials. Statistical analysis validated the reliability of the methodology and revealed significant differences in the energy efficiency and material compatibility between treated and untreated samples. This study highlights the potential use of Pinus sylvestris and ABS for renewable bio-composite production, underlining the critical role of HWE in enhancing the properties of lignocellulosic materials. The findings contribute to developing energy-efficient industrial processes aligning with circular economy objectives.
Preparation of TiO2 Nanorods@Ni-Foam for Photocatalytic Decomposition of Acetaldehyde—In Situ FTIR Surface Investigation
Authors: Rychtowski Piotr , Prowans Bartłomiej , Miądlicki Piotr , Trzeciak Maciej , Tryba Beata
Published: February 2025

TNR@Ni-foam structures were prepared by an alkaline hydrothermal method in an autoclave in a strongly alkaline medium (10 M NaOH) at 150 °C with further acid washing (0.1 M HNO3) and a second hydrothermal treatment in an autoclave at 180 °C. Two TiO2 samples were used for preparation: anatase and P25 of mixed anatase and rutile phases. After the first step of hydrothermal treatment, a layered titanate structure was obtained (Na2Ti3O7). Acid washing caused the substitution of Na+ by H+ and launched the formation of TNR. After the second hydrothermal treatment at 180 °C, for the optimal quantity of acid used for washing (10 mL per 0.75 g of TiO2), titania was crystallized to an anatase phase with small quantities of brookite and rutile. The structures obtained from P25 exhibited more brookite and rutile than those based on the anatase precursor. The morphology of TNR@Ni-foam structures was observed by SEM. The obtained composites were tested for acetaldehyde photodegradation (240 ppm in air) during the continuous flow of gas (5 mL/min) through the reactor coupled with FTIR. The most active samples were those obtained from P25, which had a crystalline structure of TiO2 and contained the lowest quantity of residue Na species.
Localized Corrosion of CUSTOM 450 and AM 350 Stainless Steels in H2SO4 and NaCl Solutions
Authors: Almeraya-Calderón Facundo , Villegas-Tovar Miguel , Maldonado-Bandala Erick , Lara-Banda Maria , Baltazar-Zamora Miguel Angel , Landa-Ruiz Laura , Nieves-Mendoza Demetrio , Jaquez-Muñoz Jesus Manuel , Estupiñan-Lopez Francisco , Cabral-Miramontes Jose , Olguin-Coca Javier , Gaona-Tiburcio Citlalli
Published: February 2025

Precipitation-hardenable stainless steels (PHSSs) are widely used in various applications in the aerospace industry. PHSSs are used in various parts that need to combine mechanical properties with corrosion resistance when aircrafts are in corrosive environments. This study aimed to analyze the corrosion kinetics of CUSTOM 450 and AM 350 stainless steels that were passivated in acid baths for a period of 120 min at temperatures of 25 and 50 °C and then immersed in solutions containing 1 wt. % sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and 5 wt. % sodium chloride (NaCl). The electrochemical technique used was cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) based on ASTM G61-86. Microstructural characterization was performed via optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that the potentiodynamic polarization curves have two distinct corrosion mechanisms. The immersion of PHSSs in the H2SO4 solution produces an activation–passivation reaction. The NaCl solution has pseudopassivation (unstable passivation film). The values of the icorr current densities in the solutions of sodium chloride and sulfuric acids are between 10−3 and 10−5 mA/cm2; the stainless steels are susceptible to localized pitting corrosion in both test solutions, with positive hysteresis in the CPP.
Research on the Strength Properties and Microscopic Mechanism of Loess Stabilized by the Combined Use of MICP Technology and Plant Straw
Authors: Wang Kun , Niu Haoshuang
Published: February 2025

There are many drawbacks in traditional loess-strengthening technology. MICP (microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation) technology provides a new approach to loess management, but there are few studies on loess solidification and a lack of engineering application research and verification. This study investigated the strength and microscopic mechanisms of loess solidified by the application of MICP technology combined with plant straw. The permeability conditions of loess for MICP technology were derived, and multiple sets of experiments were conducted using specific loess, Bacillus pasteurii, cementing solution, plant straw, and other materials. The experiments explored shear strength, unconfined compressive strength, microscopic properties, plant growth adaptability, and factors affecting bacterial growth. The results indicated that within the temperature range of 25–35 °C, the concentration and urease activity of Bacillus pasteurii were significantly affected by temperature, with the highest bacterial concentration observed at 30 °C. During scaled-up cultivation, increasing the inoculation ratio prevented a significant decrease in the urease activity of individual bacterial strains, and a 1% inoculation ratio was generally sufficient to meet the experimental requirements. When the loess density was 1.7 g/cm3 and 1.8 g/cm3, the cohesive force and internal friction angle in the experimental groups with added bacterial solution were increased by approximately 30% and 50% and 15% and 5%, respectively, indicating that MICP technology can significantly enhance the shear strength of loess.
Strain Dependent Evolution of Microstructure and Texture During Cold Rolling of Ferritic Stainless Steel: Experiments and Visco-Plastic Self-Consistent Modeling
Authors: Pei Jibin , Wei Shilong , Zhang Qing , Ji Xiufang , Zhang Chi , Miao Luyang
Published: February 2025

In the present work, the microstructure and texture evolution of ferritic stainless steel during unidirectional cold rolling were investigated, and the Visco-Plastic Self-Consistent (VPSC) polycrystal model was used for the simulation of texture during cold rolling. Comparison of different interaction models was made to obtain a model that better reproduces the texture evolution of ferritic stainless steels. The as-received hot-rolled samples were unidirectionally cold rolled in a laboratory rolling mill, and the thickness was reduced by 30%, 60% and 80%. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was used to observe the microstructure evolution and texture evolution, and micro-hardness was used to evaluate the work hardening of the sample. The important feature of the microstructure was the presence of shear bands (SBs), the frequency of which increased with the increase in cold-rolling reduction and was found to be orientation dependent. We found that the geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density increased with cold-rolling reduction in accord with Ashby’s theory of work hardening, and higher GND density accumulates near the grain boundary. The grain fragmentation, Goss texture distribution and orientation gradient were found to be orientation dependent. The cold-rolled texture was composed of strong α-fiber and weak γ-fiber. The relative plastic compliance of grain and the homogeneous effective medium (HEM) were explored. The tangent interaction model was found to match reasonably well with the experimental texture. This work has great significance for achieving online monitoring of the texture of ferritic stainless steel under different industrial production processes and enhancing the intelligence level of ferritic stainless steel production process.
Variation in Magnetic Memory Testing Signals and Their Relationship with Stress Concentration Factors During Fatigue Tests Based on Back-Propagation Neural Networks
Authors: Wang Huipeng , Wang Qiaogen , Liu Huizhong
Published: February 2025

To investigate the relationship between metal magnetic memory testing (MMMT) signals and stress concentration factors (SCFs), four-level sinusoidal constant-amplitude load tension–tension fatigue tests were carried out on 45CrNiMoVA steel specimens with different SCFs. The normal component of MMMT signals, Hp(y), was collected during the fatigue tests, and three characteristics were extracted and analyzed during the tests, including the peak-to-peak value of abnormal peaks (ΔHp(y)), the slope coefficient of the fitting line of Hp(y) (K1), and the slope coefficient of the fitting line of Hp(y) between abnormal peaks (K2), and a back-propagation (BP) neural network was developed to differentiate the SCF of the specimens. The results showed that both fatigue load and fatigue cycle number influenced MMMT signals, and the characteristics remained stable as the fatigue cycle number increased for the same fatigue load but increased significantly as fatigue load increased. In addition, all the characteristics increased as the distance between the scan line and the center line increased, but none of them could be used to differentiate the SCF of the specimens. With properly selected input vector and hidden nodes, the established BP neural network can quantitatively recognize the SCF of specimens.
Modular Design and Layout Planning of Tooling Structures for Aircraft Assembly
Authors: Shi Zhanghu , Li Chengyu , Hu Junshan , Su Xingtao , Wang Hancheng , Tian Wei
Published: February 2025

Aircraft structures consist of numerous complex components that require a high level of precision to assemble. Tooling plays a crucial role in the assembly of aircraft components, providing the functions of positioning, shape maintenance, and support to guarantee the accuracy of the product. Aiming to obtain reusable assembly tooling that can be rapidly reconfigured, this study focuses on the modular design and layout of tooling structures. The concept of functional elements for the characterization of tooling parts is proposed, and the relationship between each pair of elements is established to clarify the similarities and dependencies among various tooling structures. Based on the analysis of functional elements and their relationships, the tooling structures are divided and recombined into several modules. The detailed module designs are demonstrated by using typical structures such as platforms, columns, and locators as examples. A parametric representation of the multi-source information of tooling modules is proposed, and optimization methods for the layout and configuration of locators and platforms are developed using their parametric information. A reconfigurable tooling process integrated with a monitoring system is designed, realized, and successfully applied to the assembly of a practical type of fuselage. The results from verifying these methods’ efficiencies show that the modular design and reconfiguration planning of tooling only takes about 10 min and a few seconds, respectively, which is far less than the time consumed during traditional tooling design (from several days to weeks). The work in this study provides an engineering paradigm for the serialization and reconfiguration of assembly tooling in aviation manufacturing.
Frequency-Based Finite Element Updating Method for Physics-Based Digital Twin
Authors: Jeon Youngjae , Choi Geomji , Ahn Kwanghyun , Lee Kang-Heon , Chang Seongmin
Published: February 2025

This study proposes a frequency-based finite element updating method for an effective physics-based digital twin (DT). One approach to constructing a physics-based DT is to develop a mechanics-based mathematical model that accurately simulates the behavior of an actual structure. The proposed method utilizes finite element updating, adjusting model parameters to improve model accuracy. Unlike simple modal analysis, which focuses on vibration characteristics, this method recognizes that accurate dynamic transient-based vibration analysis requires considering the damping effect, as well as mass and stiffness, during the updating process. Moreover, a frequency-based analysis is employed instead of the computationally expensive time-based analysis for more efficient dynamic modeling. By transforming data into the frequency domain, the method efficiently represents dynamic behavior within relevant frequency ranges. We further enhance the computational efficiency using the model reduction technique. To validate the method’s accuracy and efficiency, we compare the analysis results and computation time using a numerical example of the control rod drive mechanism. The proposed method shows significantly reduced computation time, by a factor of 8.9 compared to conventional time-based methods, while preserving high accuracy. Therefore, the proposed method can effectively support the development of physics-based DTs.
Probabilistic Linguistic Multiple Attribute Group Decision-Making Based on a Choquet Operator and Its Application in Supplier Selection
Authors: Kang Weijia , Liang Xin , Peng Yan
Published: February 2025

As an enhanced version of traditional linguistic term sets, Probabilistic Linguistic Term Sets (PLTS) incorporate probabilistic information, thereby offering a more robust approach to Multiple Attribute Group Decision-Making (MAGDM) and significantly improving its efficacy. This paper proposes two novel information aggregation operators for PLTS to address MAGDM problems in the PLTS context. Firstly, we introduce Choquet integral-based generalized arithmetic and geometric operators, which are designed to fuse decision information expressed by different PLTSs, thereby more comprehensively considering the interrelationships among various attributes. Subsequently, we further define measures of group consistency and inconsistency for individual decision information in MAGDM, which are used to determine the information weights of decision-makers. Finally, the group decision information is aggregated using the proposed PLTS aggregation operators. The effectiveness as well as the applicability of the developed method are illustrated through numerical examples and comparative analysis.
Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Multi-Agent System with Advanced Actor–Critic Framework for Complex Environment
Authors: Cui Zihao , Deng Kailian , Zhang Hongtao , Zha Zhongyi , Jobaer Sayed
Published: February 2025

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) game agents that use deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms to process visual information for decision-making has emerged as a key research focus in both academia and industry. However, previous game agents have struggled to execute multiple commands simultaneously in a single decision, failing to accurately replicate the complex control patterns that characterize human gameplay. In this paper, we utilize the ViZDoom environment as the DRL research platform and transform the agent–environment interactions into a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP). We introduce an advanced multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework, specifically a Multi-Agent Proximal Policy Optimization (MA-PPO), designed to optimize target acquisition while operating within defined ammunition and time constraints. In MA-PPO, each agent handles distinct parallel tasks with custom reward functions for performance evaluation. The agents make independent decisions while simultaneously executing multiple commands to mimic human-like gameplay behavior. Our evaluation compares MA-PPO against other DRL algorithms, showing a 30.67% performance improvement over the baseline algorithm.
The Global Dynamics of the Painlevé–Gambier Equations XVIII, XXI, and XXII
Authors: Li Jie , Llibre Jaume
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we describe the global dynamics of the Painlevé–Gambier equations numbered XVIII: x″−(x′)2/(2x)−4x2=0, XXI: x″−3(x′)2/(4x)−3x2, and XXII: x″−3(x′)2/(4x)+1=0. We obtain three rational functions as their first integrals and classify their phase portraits in the Poincaré disc. The main reason for considering these three Painlevé–Gambier equations is due to the paper of Guha, P., et al., where the authors studied these three differential equations in order to illustrate a method to generate nonlocal constants of motion for a special class of nonlinear differential equations. Here, we want to complete their studies describing all of the dynamics of these equations. This demonstrates that the phase portraits of equations XVIII and XXI in the Poincaré disc are topologically equivalent.
Deformed Boson Algebras and Wα,β,ν-Coherent States: A New Quantum Framework
Authors: Droghei Riccardo
Published: February 2025

We introduce a novel class of coherent states, termed Wα,β,ν-coherent states, constructed using a deformed boson algebra based on the generalised factorial [n]α,β,ν!. This algebra extends conventional factorials, incorporating advanced special functions such as the Mittag-Leffler and Wright functions, enabling the exploration of a broader class of quantum states. The mathematical properties of these states, including their continuity, completeness, and quantum fluctuations, are analysed. A key aspect of this work is the resolution of the Stieltjes moment problem associated with these states, achieved through the inverse Mellin transformation method. The framework provides insights into the interplay between the classical and quantum regimes, with potential applications in quantum optics and fractional quantum mechanics. By extending the theoretical landscape of coherent states, this study opens avenues for further exploration in mathematical physics and quantum technologies.
The Origin, Properties, Structure, Catalytic Mechanism, and Applications of Fucoidan-Degrading Enzymes
Authors: Zhao Yi , Ning Limin , Zhu Penghui , Jiang Jinju , Yao Zhong , Zhu Benwei
Published: February 2025

Fucoidanase is a class of enzymes capable of hydrolyzing fucoidan, a complex sulfated polysaccharide found mainly in marine brown algae and some marine invertebrates. Fucoidan (FUC) has a wide range of potential health benefits and therapeutic effects, including antitumor, immunomodulatory, antiviral, and hypoglycemic activities. Fucoidanase can hydrolyze high-molecular-weight fucoidan into medium- and low-molecular-weight fucoidan. The low-molecular-weight fucoidan not only has good solubility, low viscosity, and high absorption rate but also retains the original biological activities of fucoidan. Fucoidanase has received much attention in recent years. This paper reviews the taxonomic origin, structure, enzymatic properties, and applications of fucoidanase to provide a reference for the study of fucoidanase.
Are Inflammatory Markers Important for Assessing the Severity of Diabetic Polyneuropathy?
Authors: Uslu Muhammed Fuad , Yılmaz Mustafa
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: Diabetic neuropathy (DNP) is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), and the pathogenesis of DNP involves multiple complex pathways. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether hematologic and inflammatory parameters, the atherogenic index, and the triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index are useful for clinical use in the development and severity of diabetic polyneuropathy (DNP) in non-diabetic (Non-DM), prediabetic (Pre-DM), and diabetic (DM) patients. Materials and Methods: Patients with Non-DM (n = 62), Pre-DM (n = 97), and DM (n = 327) were included in the study, and laboratory parameters suitable for routine use were analyzed retrospectively. Various inflammatory markers, lipid profiles, and metabolic indicators were evaluated. Results: In prediabetic patients, PNP severity showed a significant positive correlation with age (p < 0.001) and glucose levels (p = 0.020) and a significant negative correlation with LDL levels (p = 0.009). In diabetic patients, there was a positive correlation between PNP severity and age (p < 0.001), neutrophils (p = 0.024), triglycerides (p = 0.012), glucose (p < 0.001), HbA1c (p < 0.001), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (p = 0.001), glucose-to-lymphocyte ratio (GLR) (p < 0.001), triglyceride/HDL ratio (TG/HDL) (p < 0.001), TyG index (p < 0.001), and a significant negative correlation with platelet (PLT) (p < 0.001), HDL (p < 0.001), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) (p < 0.001). In addition, age (p < 0.001), GLR (p = 0.027), and TG/HDL (p < 0.001) values were positively correlated, and the TG/glucose ratio (TGR) (p = 0.018) was negatively correlated with PNP severity in Pre-DM and DM patients. Conclusions: Our study suggests that inflammatory markers and lipid indices may play an important role in determining the severity of DNP in Non-DM, Pre-DM, and DM patients. These parameters may offer a new, easy, and low-cost option for assessing the risk of diabetic polyneuropathy.
Innovative Methods for Intensifying the Processing of Zinc Clinker: Synergy of Microwave Treatment and Ultrasonic Leaching
Authors: Kenzhaliyev Bagdaulet , Surkova Tatiana , Berkinbayeva Ainur , Baltabekova Zhazira , Smailov Kenzhegali , Abikak Yerkezhan , Saulebekkyzy Shynar , Tolegenova Nazerke , Omirbek Tursynkul , Dosymbaeva Zamzagul
Published: February 2025

This study presents an innovative approach to processing refractory zinc-bearing clinker through the synergistic application of microwave thermal treatment and ultrasonic-assisted leaching. Microwave irradiation induces phase transformations in the clinker, improving its reactivity and facilitating subsequent zinc dissolution, while ultrasonic cavitation enhances mass transfer by disrupting passivation layers. Key process parameters, including acid concentration, temperature, pulp density, and leaching time, were systematically investigated using response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD). The results demonstrate that the optimized process conditions led to a significant increase in zinc recovery from refractory materials.
Mineralization of Fossil Wood with Macrocrystalline Quartz: A Microscopic Investigation
Authors: Mustoe George E.
Published: February 2025

Optical microscopy and SEM imaging are powerful tools for evaluating the origins of quartz in fossil wood. Silicification is the most common mechanism for wood petrifaction, but this silica is commonly in cryptocrystalline or microcrystalline form (e.g., chalcedony or agate). Two essential requirements for the formation of macrocrystalline quartz is a concentration of dissolved silica low enough to allow the development of well-ordered lattices, and sufficient open space to allow euhedral or subhedral crystals to grow. Macrocrystalline quartz commonly occurs as a late-stage precipitate in open spaces that remained after initial mineralization had occurred. These spaces include vessels in angiosperm wood, and vugs and fractures in all types of wood. Exterior surfaces may also be suitable sites for quartz crystal growth. In some occurrences, crystalline quartz has directly encrusted or replaced wood cells. Diagenetic transformation of opal can produce cryptocrystalline or microcrystalline forms of quartz, but this process is not likely to produce macrocrystals.
Agar/β-Cyclodextrin Composite Cryogels for Controlled Release of Aripiprazole
Authors: Stoilova Siyka , Georgiev Georgy L. , Mihaylova Rositsa , Kostova Bistra , Petrov Petar D.
Published: February 2025

Aripiprazole (ARZ) is an atypical antipsychotic drug used to treat a variety of mood and psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, autism, and Tourette’s syndrome. Although ARZ offers significant therapeutic benefits, its poor solubility in water requires the development of delivery systems aimed at improving the solubility and bioavailability of the drug. In this work, cryogels based on two natural products—agar and β-cyclodextrin (CD)—were developed and evaluated as a drug delivery system for ARZ. The cryogels were prepared by cryogenic treatment of aqueous solutions of agar and the β-CD/ARZ complex, followed by thawing. The main characteristics of the material, including gel fraction yield, swelling degree, pore volume, elastic properties, and morphology were studied in detail. The release of ARZ from composite cryogels was assessed in two media resembling the pH in stomach and intestine. The system exhibited a pH-dependent release of ARZ, with a slower rate in acidic media (pH 1.2) than in the neutral phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). Under in vitro conditions, the amount of released ARZ over 48 h reached 33%.
Ni-Mg-Al Hydrotalcite-Derived Catalysts for Ammonia Decomposition—From Precursor to Effective Catalyst
Authors: Kowalczyk Andrzej , Zaryczny Martyna , Piwowarska Zofia , Chmielarz Lucjan
Published: February 2025

A series of Ni-Mg-Al hydrotalcite-derived mixed metal oxides with different Ni/Mg ratios were prepared by the coprecipitation method followed by calcination at 600 °C. The hydrotalcite-like materials, as well as their calcined forms, were characterized with respect to structure (XRD, UV-Vis DRS), chemical composition (ICP-OES), textural parameters (low-temperature N2 sorption), dispersion of nickel species (H2-chemisorption) and nickel species reducibility (H2-TPR). Moreover, the process of hydrotalcite-like materials’ thermal transformation to mixed metal oxide systems in air and argon flow was studied by the TG-DTA method. The activity of the studied catalysts in the reaction of ammonia decomposition increased with an increase in nickel content in the samples. It was shown that nickel species incorporated into the Mg-Al oxide matrix segregated under conditions of reduction in a flow of H2/Ar mixture with the formation of metallic nickel crystallites of the average size of about 10 nm. The size of nickel crystallites was practically no change in the subsequent reduction cycles and resulted in increased catalytic activity in comparison to larger crystallites of metallic nickel (20.2–23.6 nm) deposited on Al2O3 and MgO.
Women with Symptoms Suggestive of ADHD Are More Likely to Report Symptoms of Iron Deficiency and Heavy Menstrual Bleeding
Authors: MacLean Beth , Buissink Paige , Louw Vernon , Chen Wai , Richards Toby
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Iron deficiency has been suggested as a potential mechanism for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) development due to involvement in neurotransmitter synthesis and transporter expression. As iron deficiency is particularly common in women of reproductive age, often due to heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), we aimed to explore the relationship between iron deficiency, HMB and ADHD in women. Methods: We screened women (18–49 years) at university and local sporting events in Western Australia. To screen for ADHD, section A of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale-V1.1 (ASRS-V1.1) and the Adult Concentration Inventory were used to assess cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) symptoms. Risk factors for iron deficiency, such as HMB, commonly reported symptoms and a fingerpick haemoglobin concentration (Hb) (Hemocue Hb801) were recorded. Results: Of the 405 completed questionnaires, the mean age was 24.8 ± 10.1 years, the mean Hb was 136.8 ± 12.4 g/L and 6.4% of women were anaemic. Symptoms suggestive of ADHD were reported by 174/405 (43%) women, and 128/405 (32%) women reported HMB. There was a greater prevalence of HMB reported in those experiencing symptoms suggestive of ADHD (39% vs. 26%, p = 0.01). Symptoms of fatigue, dizziness, brain fog, anxiety, heart palpitations, headaches, restless legs and depression were more common in patients with symptoms suggestive of ADHD (p ≤ 0.01) and HMB (p < 0.05). Anaemia status did not influence ADHD status (p = 0.87) nor CDS scores (15.7 ± 7.0 vs. 13.8 ± 6.1, p = 0.17). Conclusions: There is an apparent relationship between those with symptoms reported in ADHD, HMB and iron deficiency. Further exploration is required to determine whether there is a causative relationship.
Kaempferol Mitigates Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Induced Acute Lung Inflammation Through Suppressing GSK3β/JNK/c-Jun Signaling Pathway and NF-κB Activation
Authors: Wang Jue , Zhang Linlin , Fu Lu , Pang Zheng
Published: February 2025

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, one of the common bacterial pathogens causing nosocomial pneumonia, is characterized as highly pathogenic and multidrug-resistant. Kaempferol (KP), a natural flavonoid, has been shown to exhibit effectiveness in treating infection-induced lung injury. Methods: We applied network pharmacology to explore the underlying mechanisms of KP in treating P. aeruginosa pneumonia and further validated them through a mouse model of acute bacterial lung infection and an in vitro macrophage infection model. Results: The in vivo studies demonstrated that treatment with KP suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, and MIP-2, and attenuated the neutrophil infiltration and lesions in lungs, leading to an increased survival rate of mice. Further studies revealed that KP treatment enhanced the phosphorylation of GSK3β at Ser9 and diminished the phosphorylation of JNK, c-Jun, and NF-κB p65 in lungs in comparison to the mice without drug treatment. Consistently, the in vitro studies showed that pretreatment with KP reduced the activation of GSK3β, JNK, c-Jun, and NF-κB p65 and decreased the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages during P. aeruginosa infection. Conclusions: KP reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines by inhibiting GSK3β/JNK/c-Jun signaling pathways and NF-κB activation, which effectively mitigated the P. aeruginosa-induced acute lung inflammation and injury, and elevated the survival rates of mice.
An Overview on the Role of Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents in Oral Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Sangiorgi Stefano , Albertini Beatrice , Bertoni Serena , Passerini Nadia
Published: February 2025

Over the past twenty years, ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have gained recognition across various fields, including catalysis, extraction and purification, materials science, and biotechnology. Notably, the use of ILs and DESs in pharmaceutical research, especially in drug delivery, has seen remarkable expansion over the past decade. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of ILs and DESs specifically designed for the oral administration of drugs having unfavorable biopharmaceutical properties. The classification and characteristics of ILs and DESs, along with their newer natural (Bio-ILs and NaDESs) and therapeutic subcategories (API-ILs and TheDESs) are outlined. Additionally, a further subgroup of ILs, known as surface active ionic liquids (SAILs), is described. Then, a detailed examination of the available manufacturing methods in a sustainable, time-consuming, and scalable perspective, and toxicity concerns in relation to their subdivision are evaluated. Finally, their specific applications in oral drug delivery, whether used as neat solvents or converted into administrable dosage forms, are analyzed and discussed. Despite the significant advancements in recent years regarding the use of these solvents in oral drug delivery, there are still many aspects that need further investigation. These include their interaction with biological systems (gastrointestinal fluids and mucosa), their long-term stability, and the development of effective drug delivery systems.