bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and performance analysis of compact quad‐band two‐port sickle‐shaped MIMO antenna for wireless applications
Authors: Yadav Ashok , Singh Pramod , Bali Vikram , Kumar Akhilesh , Pattanayak Prabina , Verma Ramesh Kumar
Published: September 2024

In this research, a quad‐band sickle‐shaped MIMO antenna of compact size 32 × 32 mm2 (0.28λ0 × 0.28λ0 at lower resonant frequency 2.6 GHz) has been proposed using partial ground and tilted isolation stub at an angle of 45°. It covers 2.40 to 2.80 GHz frequency range with bandwidth (BW) of 15.38% (0.40 GHz) which is applicable for Wi‐Fi application in first band and in second band it covers from 4.48 to 5.75 GHz frequency range with BW of 24.83% (1.27 GHz) for WLAN application. In addition, the third band starts from 9.75 to 10.43 GHz frequency range with BW of 6.74% (0.68 GHz) for the X‐band whereas in fourth band it covers from 13.07 to 15.87 GHz frequency range with BW of 19.38% (2.8 GHz) frequency, which is applicable on Ku‐band application. Moreover, the isolation is < −15 dB in the entire resonating frequency band which is an acceptable limit for reduction of mutual coupling. ECC value is <0.5 in the entire operating band of frequency. The diversity gain of the proposed MIMO antenna is approximately 9.96 dB that shows the antenna exhibits good diversity property. The channel capacity loss value is <0.4 bps/s/Hz in the entire resonating band. In view of all the diversity parameters, the proposed MIMO structure fulfills all the requirements of the MIMO antenna.
Sensorimotor Synchronization and Neural Entrainment to Imagined Rhythms in Individuals With Proficient Imagery Ability
Authors: Whitton Simon Andrew , Sreenan Benjamin , Luo Canhuang , Jiang Fang
Published: September 2024

Sensorimotor synchronization (SMS) is the temporal coordination of motor movements with external or imagined stimuli. Finger‐tapping studies indicate better SMS performance with auditory or tactile stimuli compared to visual. However, SMS with a visual rhythm can be improved by enriching stimulus properties (e.g., spatiotemporal content) or individual differences (e.g., one's vividness of auditory imagery). We previously showed that higher self‐reported vividness of auditory imagery led to more consistent synchronization–continuation performance when participants continued without a guiding visual rhythm. Here, we examined the contribution of imagery to the SMS performance of proficient imagers, including an auditory or visual distractor task during the continuation phase. While the visual distractor task had minimal effect, SMS consistency was significantly worse when the auditory distractor task was present. Our electroencephalography analysis revealed beat‐related neural entrainment, only when the visual or auditory distractor tasks were present. During continuation with the auditory distractor task, the neural entrainment showed an occipital electrode distribution, suggesting the involvement of visual imagery. Unique to SMS continuation with the auditory distractor task, we found neural and sub‐vocal (measured with electromyography) entrainment at the three‐beat pattern frequency. In this most difficult condition, proficient imagers employed both beat‐ and pattern‐related imagery strategies. However, this combination was insufficient to restore SMS consistency to that observed with visual or no distractor task. Our results suggest that proficient imagers effectively utilized beat‐related imagery in one modality when imagery in another modality was limited.
An Additional L451G452N453 in the RpoB Protein Suppressed the Synthetic Lethality in Escherichia coli at 37 Degrees Caused by Depletion of DnaK/J and Trigger Factor
Authors: Fan Dongjie , Liu Lushan , Yuen Bella , Sun Lu , Fu Yuliang , Liu Yan , Liao Rui , Qu Yanli , Liu Chuanpeng , Zhou Qiming
Published: September 2024

Escherichia coli depletion of chaperone trigger factor and DnaK/J were not viable at 37°C, but viable below 30°C. Among the engineered E. coli depleted of trigger factor and DnaK/J, one strain Z625, exhibited survival at 37°C, while another strain Z629 only survived below 30°C. Comparative analysis of fatty acid profiles of Z625 and Z629 revealed absence of numerous saturated fatty acids in Z625 as compared to the wild‐type E. coli BW25113. In addition, increased unsaturated fatty acids were present in Z625, whereas the fatty acids profile of Z629 closely resembled that of BW25113. Whole genome sequencing revealed a 9‐bp insertion in rpoB of Z625. Combined structural analysis of simulated RpoB protein bearing the amino acid sequence L451G452N453 insertion and susceptibility analysis to rifampicin suggested that the insertion did not disturb the individual RpoB structure as beta subunit of RNA polymerase. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of Z625 and Z629 suggested that this insertion impacted transcription of the overall RNA polymerase in Z625, leading to potential repression of some genes whose overexpression was toxic to E. coli. Additionally, Z625 exhibited distinctive metabolic adaptations, likely contributing to its survival at 37°C. In summary, our study elucidated one LGN insertion in rpoB that impacts transcriptional regulation in E. coli, thereby explaining the survival of E. coli depletion of trigger factor and DnaK/J at 37°C, and these founding suggested that some simple mutations in critical genes like rpoB might play an important role in driving adaptive evolution.
The Ecological Strategy Determines the Response of Fungi to Stress: A Study of the 2,4‐diacetylphloroglucinol Activity Against Aspergillus and Fusarium Species
Authors: Stepanov Artyom A. , Shulaev Nikita A. , Vasilchenko Alexey S.
Published: September 2024

Aspergillus and Fusarium are two economically important genera of fungi. They cause significant yield losses and contamination of crops with mycotoxins. In this study we aimed to evaluate the impact of 2,4‐diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4‐DAPG) on Aspergillus and Fusarium fungi. It is hypothesized that two fungal genera, which have different ecological strategies, react differently to stress caused by a secondary metabolite produced by rhizosphere Pseudomonas species. We found that 2,4‐DAPG was able to reduce biofilm formation of Aspergillus and Fusarium, as reflected in biomass and its chemical composition. Furthermore, subinhibitory concentrations of 2,4‐DAPG increased the levels of ergosterol and polysaccharides (α‐ and β‐glucans, chitin) in the cell membrane and cell wall of Aspergillus, while decreasing them in Fusarium. 2,4‐DAPG altered the production of secondary metabolites, especially mycotoxins and extracellular proteases. The production of ochratoxin A was decreased in A. ochraceus, and T‐2 toxin and zearalenone, on the contrary, were increased in F. culmorum and F. sporotrichioides, respectively. Thus, using 2,4‐DAPG we demonstrated that the ecological role of fungi determines their reaction to antibiotic substances produced by the plant microbiome. Our data contributes to understanding the molecular mechanisms behind symbiotic relationships in natural communities, which are mediated by the biosynthesis of antibiotics.
Effect of refrigeration and reheating on the lipid oxidation and volatile compounds in silver carp surimi gels
Authors: Huang Jingjing , Yin Tao , Xiong Shanbai , Huang Qilin
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

As unsaturated and saturated aldehydes, ketones are known to be responsible for off‐odors in surimi products, and they are mainly derived from lipid oxidation. Because surimi‐based products are rich in unsaturated fatty acids, they are prone to producing off‐odors during the refrigeration and reheating processes, which are common treatments for leftovers. The present study investigated the color, lipid oxidation productions, fatty acid profiles and volatile components in surimi gels during refrigeration at 4 °C for 3 days with multiple reheating.

RESULTS

The results revealed that the accumulation rate of hydroperoxides was higher in the refrigeration stage, whereas the decomposition rate was higher during reheating in surimi gels. Both refrigeration and reheating treatments promoted conjugated diene values, acid values and carbonyl values. Nevertheless, reheating treatment decreased tohiobarbituric acid reactive substances and whiteness. The contents of unsaturated fatty acids, especially α‐linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, were reduced, whereas the contents of saturated fatty acids increased during refrigeration and multiple reheating. The unsaturated fatty acids were lost as a result of their oxidative deterioration. The volatile components profile showed that the accumulation of volatile components mainly occurred in the refrigeration stage. Multivariate data analysis was utilized to further clarify whether the off‐odors in surimi gels were mainly generated in refrigeration.

CONCLUSION

Refrigeration and reheating both contributed to lipid oxidation and the generation of volatile compounds in surimi gels, but the off‐odors were mainly generated during refrigeration. This research provides a novel understanding of the formation of food odors in processing. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
An Empirical Study of Sustainable Development Model for Recreational Fishery Based on Multiple Perspectives
Authors: Tang Jia‐Wei , Tsai Pei‐Hsuan
Published: September 2024

To analyze the sustainable development of recreational fisheries, this study constructs an evaluation model by employing resource‐based theory, service‐dominant logic, and consumer value cocreation. Data are collected using a questionnaire survey of offshore platform operators, government officials, and scholars with expertise in tourism, leisure, and recreation. Furthermore, the decision‐making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and DEMATEL‐based analytic network process (DANP) methods are adopted to evaluate the causal relationships between the dimensions and criteria and their magnitudes of influences. The results show that recreational fishery operators in Penghu believe that improving the evaluation dimension of service experience should have the highest priority, while officials and scholars consider marine environmental value as the most important for sustainable development. The evaluation model and analysis results will be provided to Penghu offshore platform operators to improve the service experience items provided by recreational fishery through designing high‐value recreational fishery experiential activities.
Tourists' Perceptions of Buying Souvenirs in Online Museum Shops
Authors: He Linsi , Timothy Dallen J.
Published: September 2024

The study of online souvenirs has increased in recent years. Considering the importance of tourists' perceptions for souvenir retailers, and the lack of studies on this issue, it is critical to understand tourists' attitudes toward this phenomenon. In general, interviewees expressed neutral or positive attitudes toward online museum stores. Online souvenir purchases did not influence their offline purchases, according to many interviewees. The majority of them still prefer to buy souvenirs in person, despite their favorable attitude toward online souvenir stores. This study provides insights into online and in‐store merchandising in the area of souvenir studies.
Can Optimized Genetic Algorithms Improve the Effectiveness of Homestay Recommendation Systems in Smart Villages? A Case of Thailand
Authors: Suanpang Pannee , Jamjuntr Pitchaya , Lertkornkitja Arunee , Jittithavorn Chompunuch
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces a novel approach to optimize genetic algorithms (GAs) for homestay recommendation systems, specifically designed for smart village tourism destinations. Researchers developed an advanced GA focused on maximizing user satisfaction, the main quality metric. The algorithm was tailored to address the dynamic nature of homestay offerings and the varied preferences of travelers, using users' reviews, listing attributes, and historical booking data. The GA framework included a custom encoding scheme, fitness function, and parameters. Validation occurred through a case study in a smart village, with the algorithm's effectiveness tested via user surveys and ratings. Results showed that GA‐driven recommendations surpassed traditional methods, enhancing user satisfaction, trust, and booking rates while benefiting hosts with positive reviews. The optimized GA improved recommendation accuracy and efficiency, boosting economic benefits for local communities and contributing significantly to recommendation system research.
The busier, the better? The effect of a busy mindset on the preference for self‐improvement products
Authors: Du Jiangang , Wang Xiaoqin , Wu Zhangjian , Meng Lu (Monroe)
Published: September 2024

Busyness has become more prevalent, and the state of being busy and associated cues have been increasingly employed as a marketing strategy by numerous businesses and marketers. The current research integrates two online experiments, one field experiment, one laboratory experiment, and one secondary data to examine the busy mindset, referred to as a subjective perception of busyness, and how it impacts consumers' preferences for self‐improvement products. First, busy mindsets made individuals more inclined toward products that promote self‐improvement (studies 1, 2, and 3). Furthermore, sense of authentic pride served as a mediator in the effect of a busy mindset on self‐improvement products (study 4). This study also investigated the moderating effect of work ethic on the above mechanisms (study 5). Finally, we used a second data set (study 6) to verify the main effect of a busy mindset on the preference for self‐improvement products. This research not only enriches the theory of busyness but also offers practical implications for marketing self‐improvement products.
Immediate Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy on Sleep and Respiration in Patients with Multiple System Atrophy and Sleep‐Disordered Breathing
Authors: Lazzeri Giulia , Houot Marion , Patout Maxime , Londner Cécile , Philippe Carole , Attard Stephane , Delpy Teddy , Ruggeri Joanna , Degos Bertrand , Cormier Florence , Vidailhet Marie , Corvol Jean Cristophe , Arnulf Isabelle , Grabli David , Dodet Pauline
Published: September 2024

Background

Sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB; including stridor and sleep apnea syndromes) is frequent in multiple system atrophy (MSA), but the immediate effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is incompletely determined.

Objective

We sought to evaluate the acute effect and safety of CPAP therapy on SDB and sleep architecture, as well as the clinical characteristics of nonresponders to CPAP therapy.

Methods

The measures of 63 consecutive patients with MSA who underwent a video‐polysomnography during two consecutive nights (a first night in ambient air, a second night with or without CPAP, depending on the presence of SDB and availability of CPAP) in routine care were retrospectively collected. Linear mixed models assessed the two‐night change in sleep and respiratory measures, comparing those with and without the CPAP therapy on the second night.

Results

SDB was frequent and mainly associated with the cerebellar phenotype. The introduction of CPAP had immediate benefits, including the normalization of the apnea–hypopnea index and a resolution of stridor in more than two‐thirds of the cases, decreased arousal index, and increased rapid eye movement sleep. CPAP therapy was well tolerated, and only two patients had emergent central apneas. Nonresponse to CPAP was generally associated with more severe motor disease.

Conclusions

CPAP seems a well‐tolerated and effective therapy in patients with MSA and SDB in the short term. This treatment shows remarkable immediate benefits by objectively improving both respiratory disturbances and sleep architecture. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Clinical Characteristics, Genetic Analysis, and Literature Review of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome Type 4 Associated With a RAD21 Variant
Authors: Yue Xinyu , Chen Meiping , Ke Xiaoan , Yang Hongbo , Gong Fengying , Wang Linjie , Duan Lian , Pan Hui , Zhu Huijuan
Published: September 2024

Background

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is an uncommon congenital developmental disorder distinguished by intellectual disorder and distinctive facial characteristics, with a minority of cases attributed to RAD21 variants.

Methods

A patient was admitted to the endocrinology department at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, where 2 mL of peripheral venous blood was collected from the patient and his parents. DNA was extracted for whole‐exome sequencing (WES) analysis, and the genetic variation of the parents was confirmed through Sanger sequencing.

Results

A 13.3‐year‐old male patient with a height of 136.5 cm (−3.5 SDS) and a weight of 28.4 kg (−3.1 SDS) was found to have typical craniofacial features. WES revealed a pathogenic variant c.1143G>A (p.Trp381*) in the RAD21 gene. He was diagnosed with CdLS type 4 (OMIM #614701). We reviewed 36 patients with CdLS related to RAD21 gene variants reported worldwide from May 2012 to March 2024. Patient's variant status, clinical characteristics, and rhGH treatment response were summarized. Frameshift variants constituted the predominant variant type, representing 36% (13/36) of cases. Clinical features included verbal developmental delay and intellectual disorder observed in 94% of patients.

Conclusion

This study reported the third case of CdLS type 4 in China caused by a RAD21 gene variant, enriching the genetic mutational spectrum.
Assessment of thermochromic phantoms for characterizing microwave ablation devices
Authors: Zia Ghina , Lintz Amber , Hardin Clay , Bottiglieri Anna , Sebek Jan , Prakash Punit
Published: September 2024

Background and purpose

Thermochromic gel phantoms provide a controlled medium for visual assessment of thermal ablation device performance. However, there are limited studies reporting on the comparative assessment of ablation profiles assessed in thermochromic gel phantoms against those in ex vivo tissue. The objective of this study was to compare microwave ablation zones in a thermochromic tissue‐mimicking gel phantom and ex vivo bovine liver and to report on measurements of the temperature‐dependent dielectric and thermal properties of the phantom.

Methods

Thermochromic polyacrylamide phantoms were fabricated following a previously reported protocol. Phantom samples were heated to temperatures in the range of 20°C–90°C in a temperature‐controlled water bath, and colorimetric analysis of images of the phantom taken after heating was used to develop a calibration between color changes and the temperature to which the phantom was heated. Using a custom, 2.45 GHz water‐cooled microwave ablation antenna, ablations were performed in fresh ex vivo liver and phantoms using 65 W applied for 5 min or 10 min (n = 3 samples in each medium for each power/time combination). Broadband (500 MHz–6 GHz) temperature‐dependent dielectric and thermal properties of the phantom were measured over the temperature range of 22°C–100°C.

Results

Colorimetric analysis showed that the sharp change in gel phantom color commences at a temperature of 57°C. Short and long axes of the ablation zone in the phantom (as assessed by the 57°C isotherm) for 65 W, 5 min ablations were aligned with the extents of the ablation zone observed in ex vivo bovine liver. However, for the 65 W, 10 min setting, ablations in the phantom were on average 23.7% smaller in the short axis and 7.4 % smaller in the long axis than those observed in ex vivo liver. Measurements of the temperature‐dependent relative permittivity, thermal conductivity, and volumetric heat capacity of the phantom largely followed similar trends to published values for ex vivo liver tissue.

Conclusion

Thermochromic tissue‐mimicking phantoms provides a controlled, and reproducible medium for comparative assessment of microwave ablation devices and energy delivery settings. However, ablation zone size and shapes in the thermochromic phantom do not accurately represent ablation sizes and shapes observed in ex vivo liver tissue for high energy delivery treatments (65 W, 10 min). One cause for this limitation is the difference in temperature‐dependent thermal and dielectric properties of the thermochromic phantom compared to ex vivo bovine liver tissue, as reported in the present study.
Analytical Solutions for a Fully Coupled Hydraulic‐Mechanical‐Chemical Model With Nonlinear Adsorption
Authors: Han Lin , Zhang Zhihong , Zhou Jiashu
Published: September 2024

Adsorption characteristics play a crucial role in solute transport processes, serving as a fundamental factor for evaluating the performance of clay liners. Nonlinear adsorption isotherms are commonly found with metal ions and organic compounds, which introduce challenges in obtaining analytical solutions for solute transport models. In this study, analytical solutions are proposed for a fully coupled hydraulic‐mechanical‐chemical (HMC) model that accounts for both the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. To mitigate the difficulties arising from the variable coefficients, the system of second‐order partial differential equations involving three variables is linearized. The method of separation of variables, theory of integration, and Fourier series are utilized to derive analytical solutions. The analytical method presented can potentially be extended to a broad spectrum of nonlinear adsorption isotherms. The results reveal a 56.5% reduction in solute breakthrough time under the Freundlich isotherm and a remarkable 2.6‐fold extension under the Langmuir isotherm when compared to the linear isotherm. The adsorption constants of the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms exhibit a positive correlation with breakthrough time, while the exponent of the Freundlich isotherm and the maximal adsorption capacity in the Langmuir isotherm demonstrate a negative association with breakthrough time. This study enhances the precision of solute transport prediction and provides a more scientific assessment of clay liner performance.
Nurse experiences and perspectives with missed nursing care during COVID‐19: A qualitative study
Authors: Rochman Monica , Mount‐Campbell Austin , Fernald Catherine Shull
Published: September 2024

Aim

This study aimed to determine clinical nurse and nurse manager perspectives on missed nursing care (MNC) during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Design

This study utilized a qualitative exploratory descriptive design.

Methods

Data were obtained through focus groups and virtual interviews. Purposive sampling was used to select nurse and nurse manager participants in COVID‐19 units and the Emergency Department in one large healthcare organization in the northeastern United States of America.

Results

A total of 15 nurses and nurse managers participated in the study. Results revealed five categories: medication delivery, turning patients, double checks, communication and rapport, and patient surveillance.

Conclusions

A variety of factors contributed to the perceptions and experiences of MNC of COVID‐19 patients during the early stage of the pandemic. The COVID‐19 crisis put additional and unparalleled pressure on a strained nursing workforce. Hospital leaders are responsible for ensuring their frontline nurses have the resources they need to feel supported in their roles regardless of the presenting circumstances.

Implications for the Profession

Nurse leaders should employ evidence‐based strategies such as promoting and championing teamwork to support staff and reduce incidences of MNC during crises. Our current work may serve as a basis for informing future revisions of pre‐pandemic measurement tools when applied in a pandemic‐specific context.

Reporting Methods

This manuscript adheres to the standards for reporting qualitative research (SRQR); a synthesis of recommendations.

Public Contribution

There was not patient or public contribution for this study.
The mediating role of psychological resilience in the effect of strength of religious faith on coping with stress in people with type 2 diabetes: A SEM analysis
Authors: Öztürk Zeynep , Turan Gülcan Bahcecioglu , Dönmez Orhun
Published: September 2024

Aim

This study was conducted to examine the mediating role of psychological resilience in the effect of strength of religious faith on coping with stress in people with type 2 diabetes.

Design

This study has a cross‐sectional descriptive‐analytical study.

Methods

It was conducted with 184 people with type 2 diabetes who were admitted to a family health centre in Erzurum, the east of Turkey. The data were collected by using the ‘Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire’, ‘Brief Resilience Scale (BRS)’ and ‘Scale of Ways of Coping With Stress (SWCS)’. The study was reported by following the STROBE recommendations. Structural equation modelling and bootstrapping method were used to analyse the data. This study was reported following the STROBE recommendations.

Results

In the study, according to the model, the direct effect of strength of religious faith on SWCS (β = 0.564; p < 0.01) and BRS (β = 0.545; p < 0.01) was moderate, positive and significant. In addition, the effect of resilience on coping with stress (β = 0.320; p < 0.01) was also found to be moderate, positive and significant. The total effect of strength of religious faith on coping with stress mediated by resilience (β = 0.738; p < 0.01) was found to be highly positive and significant. The model explains 61.7% of the variance in coping with stress. Fit index values according to the model were found as χ2 = 2368.02, df: 980, χ2/df 2.368, RMSEA 0.088, CFI 0.773, TLI 0.760 and SRMR 0.083. It was found that strength of religious faith had a positive effect on coping with stress in people with type‐2 diabetes, and this effect was strengthened by the mediating role of psychological resilience.

Patient or Public Contribution

This study shows the effect of religious belief and psychological resilience in increasing the coping skills of people with type‐2 diabetes. Therefore, taking religious beliefs and spirituality into consideration in nursing care may increase patients' coping skills.
A finite element framework for thermo‐mechanically coupled gradient‐enhanced damage formulations
Authors: Sobisch Lennart , Kaiser Tobias , Menzel Andreas
Published: September 2024

The solution of coupled multi‐field problems by means of commercially available finite element codes such as Abaqus constitutes an important part in the study of industrial processes. Against this background, a comprehensive implementation framework for a gradient‐enhanced continuum damage formulation in a thermo‐mechanically coupled finite deformation setting is proposed in this contribution. To assess the applicability of the implementation framework to industrial processes, a thermo‐mechanically coupled, gradient‐enhanced ductile damage model is exemplarily employed. The resulting three‐field problem, consisting of the balance of linear momentum, the heat equation and the balance of micromorphic momentum, is implemented based on an Abaqus user material by making use of a novel two‐instance formulation. Representative simulation results are discussed, with the specific focus lying on the application to manufacturing processes involving complex contact interactions. The Abaqus framework is made available as an open‐source code on GitHub, see Sobisch et al., Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 232 (2024) 104105.
A transdisciplinary co‐conceptualisation of marine identity
Authors: Buchan P. M. , Glithero L. D. , McKinley E. , Strand M. , Champion G. , Kochalski S. , Velentza K. , Praptiwi R. A. , Jung J. , Márquez M. C. , Marra M. V. , Abels L. M. , Neilson A. L. , Spavieri J. , Whittey K. E. , Samuel M. M. , Hale R. , Čermák A. , Whyte D. , West L. , Stithou M. , Hegland T. J. , Morris‐Webb E. S. , Flander‐Putrle V. , Schiefer P. , Sutton S. , Onwubiko C. , Adeoye O. , Akpan A. , Payne D. L.
Published: September 2024

Challenge 10 of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030) calls for the restoration of society's relationship with the ocean. Research suggests that the relationship people have with marine environments can influence their depth of engagement in marine citizenship action, and the important role for ‘marine identity’ in driving that action. Although identity is well‐researched, marine identity is a concept novel to academia and a baseline understanding is required, both to grasp the scope of the concept, and to support research into its role in transforming the human‐ocean relationship.

Here, a transdisciplinary study, endorsed as a UN Ocean Decade Activity and by the EU Mission Ocean & Waters, brought together a multinational community of marine researchers and practitioners to co‐produce a baseline conceptualisation of marine identity, drawing on photovoice and deliberative methodology. This paper presents the findings of the co‐production process and offers a first introduction in the literature of the multiple variations and formations of marine identity.

We find marine identity to be a complex and multidimensional concept, suffused with individual experiences and understandings of the marine environment, based on social and cultural understandings of the ocean, contemporarily and historically. We present real‐world examples of marine identity to illustrate key themes that were developed through co‐production.

Policy implications: We propose marine identity as a catalyst for understanding existing multifaceted and caring relationships with the ocean, as well as the restoration of society's relationship with the ocean. Marine identity research should, therefore, be prioritised in research seeking to contribute to the UN Ocean Decade Challenge 10, as this will support integration of non‐material values of the ocean into marine planning processes and policy making, enabling effective responses to Challenge 10's emphasis on integrating traditional/cultural ways of knowing and valuing the marine environment, through diverse marine identities. We welcome research efforts that will further develop the marine identity concept and empirically investigate the relationships between marine identity, marine citizenship, and people's relationships with the ocean.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Promotion on the thermal and mechanical behaviors of epoxy resin using phthalonitrile and functionalized‐SiO2
Authors: Wu Shouhui , Peng Cong , Wua Zhanjun
Published: September 2024

The phenolic‐type phthalonitrile (PN) was added to EP/DDM system in order to enhance the thermal and mechanical performance at high temperature. The influence of the added PN on the curing process of EP/DDM was studied via DSC and the activating energy (Eα) was calculated based on iso‐conversional method. The Eα values corresponding to EP/DDM crosslink reaction remained at about 60 kJ mol−1 while it dramatically increased to 68.2 kJ mol−1 when PN content reached 50 wt% (EP‐PN50). The Tg and char yield at 700°C in N2 increased from141°C, 25.7%, for the neat EP/DDM to 226°C, 68.7% for the EP‐PN50. The measured char yields of the cured blend were higher than the calculated values which implies the interaction between EP/DDM and polyphthalonitrile network. The tensile and bending tests were carried out at 413 K and the modulus of EP‐PN50 remains 2.3 Gpa. On the meantime, the cyano‐functionalized SiO2 (CNSiO2) was prepared to further promote the mechanical behaviors of this resin blend in high temperature. The contact angles of raw SiO2, KH560SiO2, CNSiO2 with EP‐PN50 are 59.3, 52.6, 49.7°, respectively, which confirms the better wettability of CNSiO2 to the EP/PN blend. Furthermore, the tensile and bending tests conducted at 413 K confirmed that the CNSiO2 was more efficient on enhancing the mechanical performance of this EP/DDM/PN system at high temperature.
Multiobjective optimization of resin transfer molding curing process for silicon‐containing arylacetylene resin‐matrix composites
Authors: Jin Chaoen , Wang Lei , Zhu Huamei , Wang Fan , Zhu Yaping , Qi Huimin
Published: September 2024

Silicon‐containing arylacetylene resin (PSA)‐matrix composites hold great potential for aerospace applications due to their excellent heat resistance. In recent years, many PSAs with specific functions have been designed via materials genome approach (MGA), and appropriate resin transfer molding (RTM) curing processes need to be screened to strike a balance between low cost and high quality. In this study, a novel tool based on finite element curing simulation and multiobjective genetic algorithm was developed to optimize the RTM curing process for novel PSA‐matrix composites. The silicon‐containing fluorenylacetylene resin (PSA‐VBF) was selected as the object to systematically characterize its apparent curing kinetics. To address the problem of explosive polymerization of the resin at the injection port during the RTM process, a multiobjective optimization of the curing process using a genetic algorithm was performed to obtain the Pareto front with the maximum temperature gradient at the injection port of the resin, the maximum degree of cure gradient of the composites, and the process time as the objectives. A global sensitivity analysis was also conducted to identify the key parameters. The results demonstrate that the optimized curing process can significantly reduce the temperature gradient and the curing degree gradient with improved curing efficiency.
Does a stronger moral identity lead to a more reserved sense of humor? The influence of moral identity on sense of humor and its underlying psychological mechanisms
Authors: Fan Liting , Sun Binghai , Lin Shuwei , Zhou Jiahao , Chen Tenglong
Published: September 2024

Three studies were conducted to examine the influence of moral identity on sense of humor, employing the benign violation theory (BVT) as a theoretical framework. Study 1 (n = 350), a questionnaire‐based survey, aimed to establish a preliminary exploration of the relationship between moral identity and sense of humor. Studies 2 (n = 172) and 3 (n = 172) jointly examined the impact of activated moral identity on sense of humor (humor appreciation, humor sharing) through the recollection and writing task. The results of these studies indicated that the effects of (activated) moral identity on the sense of humor (humor appreciation, humor sharing) were moderated by the type of humor and social distance of the target. On the one hand, high levels of (or activated) moral identity can significantly and positively predict sense of humor (humor appreciation, sharing); on the other hand, when there is a moral violation in the humor, and the target involved is at a close social distance, activated moral identity decreases the humor appreciation and humor sharing, where benign judgment plays a mediating role. These findings enrich the understanding of the complex relationship between moral identity and sense of humor, and have significant theoretical and practical implications.
Delirium event and associated treatment modifications among older adults with Alzheimer's disease: An interrupted time‐series analysis of Medicare data
Authors: Talwar Ashna , Chatterjee Satabdi , Abughosh Susan , Johnson Michael , Sherer Jeffrey , Aparasu Rajender R.
Published: September 2024

Background

Both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and deliriogenic medications increase the risk of delirium in older adults. This study examined the association between delirium and the subsequent monthly use of anticholinergic, sedative, and opioid medications in the 1 year after delirium in older adults with AD.

Methods

This comparative interrupted time series analysis involved adults (aged 65 years and older) with a diagnosis of AD initiating on cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) based on 2013–2017 Medicare data. Separate patient‐level segmented regression models were used for each outcome to evaluate changes in the cumulative anticholinergic burden (CAB), sedative load, and opioid load after the delirium/index event using a 12‐month baseline and follow‐up period among patients who had a delirium event and those without delirium (control group). Propensity score‐based stabilized weights were utilized to balance baseline factors in the delirium and control groups.

Results

The study included 80,019 older adults with AD with incident ChEI use; 17.11% had delirium. There was an immediate decline in monthly CAB after the delirium event (mean estimate −0.86, p‐value: 0.01) compared to the control group. A similar decline was observed when examining the sedative load (−0.06, p‐value: 0.002) after the delirium event. However, there was no decline in opioid load (−0.50, p‐value: 0.18). In the long term, CAB (0.13; p‐value: <0.0001), sedative load (0.01; p‐value: <0.001), and opioid load (0.07; p‐value: 0.006) increased over the 1‐year post‐delirium period in the delirium group compared to those without delirium.

Conclusion

This study found the burden of deliriogenic medications over the 1‐year follow‐up showed increasing trends in older adults with AD, even though there was some level shift in CAB and sedative load after the delirium event.
Mastery performance‐goal orientation objective test: goal orientation profiles
Authors: Romero Miriam , Juola James F. , Casadevante Cristina , Hernández José Manuel
Published: September 2024

The Mastery Performance‐Goal Orientation Test (MP‐GOT) assesses performance‐ and mastery‐orientation along a single bipolar dimension. In Study 1 (n = 198) we explored its psychometric properties and determined whether its results were related to learning. In addition, we employed Latent Profile Analysis to explore goal orientation profiles. In Study 2 (n = 1689) we explored whether goal orientation scores were related to cooperation and whether the goal orientation profiles identified in Study 1 were replicated. In both studies, reliability of the MP‐GOT was high, and a 4‐profile solution was retained. Mastery‐oriented participants tend to obtain higher learning scores (Study 1) and higher cooperation scores (Study 2). MP‐GOT has the potential to be a useful instrument for measuring goal orientation and its relation to relevant behavioral outcomes.
Spatial Distribution of Thaw Depth in Palsas Estimated From Optical Unoccupied Aerial Systems Data
Authors: Verdonen Mariana , Villoslada Miguel , Kolari Tiina H. M. , Tahvanainen Teemu , Korpelainen Pasi , Tarolli Paolo , Kumpula Timo
Published: September 2024

Maximum seasonal thaw depth, referred to as active layer thickness (ALT), is one of the key parameters used to monitor permafrost conditions. ALT maps based on interpolation of point measurements or derived from coarse or moderate spatial resolution satellite data often hide small‐scale spatial variations in thaw depth resulting from differences in surface characteristics and microtopography. To model and predict changes in hydrological and biogeochemical processes in permafrost areas accurately, high‐resolution remote sensing‐based estimations of ALT are needed. Therefore, we applied random forest (RF) regression on a set of topographical and spectral vegetation indices derived from optical unoccupied aerial systems data, Landsat 8 land surface temperature (LST) data, and field measurements to estimate thaw depths in palsas at three mires in north‐west Finland. We also analyzed differences in thaw depths between mires located at different elevations, between dome and plateau‐shaped palsas, and between different vegetation and surface cover classes. The RF models resulted in root mean square errors from 2.4 to 5.7 cm between predicted and observed thaw depths and the R2 values of 0.57–0.96. Height from the surrounding fen surface and LST were the most important variables in thaw depth models, although high‐accuracy results were also achieved without LST. The mean thaw depths did not differ between the sites with lowest and highest elevation, whereas the thaw depths were significantly deeper in dome‐shaped palsas compared to plateaus. The thaw depths were significantly different between vegetation cover classes only on plateau‐shaped palsas. The results indicate the high impact of the topography on the palsa thaw depth, thus highlighting the importance of accurate elevation models in spatial modeling of palsa ALT. The methodology presented in this study can be applied to other permafrost regions where field measurements of ALT are accompanied with high‐resolution topographical and multispectral data.
PBPK modeling of recombinant factor IX Fc fusion protein (rFIXFc) and rFIX to characterize the binding to type 4 collagen in the extravascular space
Authors: Cloesmeijer Michael E. , Sjögren Erik , Koopman Sjoerd F. , Lenting Peter. J. , Cnossen Marjon H. , Mathôt Ron A. A. ,   the OPTI‐CLOT study group and SYMPHONY consortium
Published: September 2024

Patients with severe and sometimes moderate hemophilia B are prophylactically treated with factor IX concentrates to prevent bleeding. For some time now, various extended terminal half‐life (EHL) recombinant factor IX concentrates are available allowing less frequent administration during prophylaxis in comparison to standard half‐life recombinant FIX (rFIX). Especially, recombinant FIX‐Fc fusion protein (rFIXFc; Alprolix®) exhibits a rapid distribution phase, potentially due to binding to type IV collagen (Col4) in the extravascular space. Studies suggest that the presence of extravascular rFIXFc is protective against bleeding as without measurable FIX activity in plasma, and no extra bleeding seems to occur. The physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for rFIXFc which we describe in this study, is able to accurately predict the observed concentration‐time profiles of rFIXFc in plasma and is able to quantify the binding of rFIXFc to Col4 in the extravascular space after an intravenous dose of 50 IU/kg rFIXFc in a male population. Our model predicts that the total AUC of rFIXFc bound to Col4 in the extravascular space is approximately 19 times higher compared to the AUC of rFIXFc in plasma. This suggests that rFIXFc present in the extravascular compartment may play an important role in achieving hemostasis after rFIXFc administration. Further studies on extravascular distribution of rFIXFc and the distribution profile of other EHL‐FIX concentrates are needed to evaluate the predictions of our PBPK model and to investigate its clinical relevance.
Characteristics and trends of Atlantic tropical cyclones that do and do not develop from African easterly waves
Authors: Bercos‐Hickey Emily , Patricola Christina M.
Published: September 2024

Atlantic tropical cyclones (TCs) are known to develop from African easterly waves (AEWs) that propagate across North Africa and out over the Atlantic Ocean. The relationship between AEWs and TCs has been the subject of numerous previous studies. There are, however, many Atlantic TCs that do not have AEW origins. In this study, we provide a novel analysis of the characteristics and trends of Atlantic TCs both with and without AEW origins using 43 years of observational and reanalysis data. To conduct this research, we identified TCs with and without AEW origins from the observational record between 1980 and 2022, and ran objective tracking algorithms on reanalysis data to identify the AEWs and TCs during this time period. We found statistically significant differences in the characteristics and environments of TCs with and without AEW origins. TCs with AEW origins are stronger and costlier, experience more favorable environmental conditions, and are more likely to make landfall in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean when compared to TCs without AEW origins. Additionally, the 43‐year increasing trend in Atlantic TC activity is primarily driven by an increase in TCs with AEW origins that is associated with increasing AEW frequency and strength, with anthropogenic aerosols potentially driving this trend. In contrast, we found no trend in TCs without AEW origins.
An optimised method to isotopically label pure synthetic peptides ‘in‐house’ for absolute quantification in bottom‐up proteomics
Authors: Bhakta Nikita , Maxwell Colleen B. , Atunde Shimon , Sandhu Jatinderpal K. , Slingsby Oliver C. , Brady Emer M. , Jones Donald J. L. , Ng Leong L.
Published: September 2024

Rationale

Heavy‐labelled internal standards increasingly represent the gold standard for absolute quantitation in mass spectrometry (MS)‐based bottom‐up proteomics. The biggest drawbacks of using these standards are that they have high costs and lengthy lead times.

Methods

We describe an efficient, low‐cost optimised method to enable ‘in‐house’ heavy labelling of synthetic tryptic peptides for absolute quantification using tandem LC‐MS/MS mass spectrometry. Our methodology uses 18O water in a trypsin‐catalysed oxygen exchange reaction at the carboxyl terminus with the overall aim of reducing the costs and lead time associated with sourcing heavy standards from commercial vendors.

Results

Step‐by‐step instructions are provided on how to execute this protocol with high‐throughput adaptations utilising a 96‐well plate and a liquid‐handling robot. Detailed notes on experimental setup, tips for troubleshooting and suggested improvements to maximise labelling efficiencies are highlighted to achieve the best results. Under optimum conditions, labelling efficiencies of peptides can reach from 95% to 100%.

Conclusions

The application of the ‘in‐house’ labelled standards in generating calibration curves to quantify endogenous peptide concentrations is just as effective as using the synthetically sourced standards while also having great cost reduction implications as well as saving time spent waiting for peptides to arrive. The protocol is highly adaptable and can be customized to fit the specific setup of any laboratory, maximizing achievable labelling efficiencies.
Trade‐offs and synergies between dimensions of well‐being among smallholder farmers in Savannakhet province, Lao PDR
Authors: Appelt Jonas L. , Siengsounthone Latsamy , Phonekeo Sengaloun , Essink Dirk , Verburg Peter H. , van Vliet Jasper
Published: September 2024

Agrarian transition is often seen as a pathway towards sustainable development and increasing well‐being for rural households. However, empirical evidence on trade‐offs and synergies between different dimensions of well‐being as a result of agrarian transitions is lacking. We conducted a cross‐sectional survey of 360 households across 12 villages in Savannakhet province, Lao PDR. We find evidence of synergies across different farmer types and between all included well‐being dimensions; economic, food security, health, and gender equality. However, for intensive paddy rice farmers, synergies are predominantly positive, while for non‐intensive cash crop farmers synergies are mostly negative. These findings indicate that development in one well‐being dimension may provide improvements in other dimensions, but that benefits can be difficult to achieve for some types of farmers. Our results further suggest that rural development policies focussing on a single well‐being aspect, for example supporting non‐farm incomes, may have co‐benefits beyond the immediate development targets.