bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of HPV Vaccination in Women Receiving LEEP for Cervical Dysplasia: A Single Institution’s Experience
Authors: Petrillo Marco , Dessole Margherita , Tinacci Elettra , Saderi Laura , Muresu Narcisa , Capobianco Giampiero , Cossu Antonio , Dessole Salvatore , Sotgiu Giovanni , Piana Andrea
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study was to assess the role of a human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine after loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) in reducing recurrent cervical dysplasia. A series of 503 women with cervical dysplasia received LEEP between January 2012 and October 2018. Of these patients, 379 were treated between January 2012 and June 2017, thus ensuring an adequate follow-up time. We made three attempts to establish telephone contact with each patient; 77 women did not respond and were excluded from the final study population, which consisted of 302 patients. One hundred eighty-two (60.7%) women were vaccinated with an HPV vaccine within 4 weeks of LEEP and 103 (34.3%) were followed up with but not vaccinated. Recurrence of cervical dysplasia requiring a further LEEP procedure occurred in 30 (10.5%) women, of whom 17 (16.5%) were not vaccinated and 13 (7.1%) were vaccinated (p-value = 0.010). At univariate analysis, HPV vaccination after LEEP (odds ratio (OR) = 0.4, p-value = 0.020) emerged as an independent protective factor. Choosing as an outcome of the analysis only recurrence as severe cervical lesions, the protective role of HPV vaccination after LEEP was found to be much more relevant with an odds ratio of 0.2 (95% CI = 0.1–0.6, p-value = 0.02). Administration of an HPV vaccine after LEEP seems to reduce the risk of recurrence, thus suggesting that HPV vaccination has a role as an adjuvant treatment after LEEP.
Mechanisms of Mixed Th1/Th2 Responses in Mice Induced by Albizia julibrissin Saponin Active Fraction by in Silico Analysis
Authors: Du Jing , Jin Junjie , Wang Juanjuan , Sun Hongxiang
Published: January 2020

The purified active fraction of Albizia julibrissin saponin (AJSAF) is an ideal adjuvant candidate that improves antigen-specific both cellular and humoral immune responses and elicits mixed Th1/Th2 responses, but its mechanisms remain unclear. The key features of action of AJSAF were investigated in mice immunized with Newcastle disease virus-based recombinant influenza vaccine (rL-H5) and AJSAF at the same leg (AJSAF+rL-H5) or different legs (AJSAF/rL-H5). The adjuvant activity of AJSAF on rL-H5 is strictly dependent on their spatial colocalization. Serum H5 antigen (H5Ag)-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b antibody titers in AJSAF+rL-H5 group were significantly higher than those in AJSAF/rL-H5 group. The mechanisms of selectivity of Th1 or Th2 in mice induced by AJSAF was explored by the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of H5Ag-stimulated splenocytes from the immunized mice using gene microarray and two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Compared to rL-H5 alone, AJSAF/rL-H5 induced more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) than AJSAF+rL-H5, whereas AJSAF+rL-H5 upregulated higher mRNA expression of Th1 (T-bet, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12β, and IL-12Rβ1) and Th2 (IL-10 and AICDA) immune response genes. The neutrophil response and its derived S100A8 and S100A9 might be involved in the AJSAF-mediated Th1 response. Meanwhile, AJSAF might induce the adaptive immune responses by improving a local innate immune microenvironment. These findings expanded the current knowledge on the mechanisms of action of saponin-based adjuvants, and provided new insights into how adjuvants shape adaptive immune responses.
Electrotransfer of siRNA to Silence Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein in Tumor Mediated by a High Intensity Pulsed Electromagnetic Field
Authors: Kranjc Brezar Simona , Kranjc Matej , Čemažar Maja , Buček Simon , Serša Gregor , Miklavčič Damijan
Published: January 2020

The contactless high intensity pulsed electromagnetic field (HI-PEMF)-induced increase of cell membrane permeability is similar to conventional electroporation, with the important difference of inducing an electric field non-invasively by exposing a treated tissue to a time-varying magnetic field. Due to the limited number of studies in the field of electroporation induced by HI-PEMF, we designed experiments to explore the feasibility of such a contactless delivery technique for the gene electrotransfer of nucleic acids in tissues in vivo. By using HI-PEMF for gene electrotransfer, we silenced enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) with siRNA molecules against EGFP in B16F10-EGFP tumors. Six days after the transfer, the fluorescent tumor area decreased by up to 39% as determined by fluorescence imaging in vivo. In addition, the silencing of EGFP to the same extent was confirmed at the mRNA and protein level. The results obtained in the in vivo mouse model demonstrate the potential use of HI-PEMF-induced cell permeabilization for gene therapy and DNA vaccination. Further studies are thus warranted to improve the equipment, optimize the protocols for gene transfer and the HI-PEMF parameters, and demonstrate the effects of HI-PEMF on a broader range of different normal and tumor tissues.
Analysis of Free and Combined Chlorine Concentrations in Swimming Pool Water and an Attempt to Determine a Reliable Water Sampling Point
Authors: Wyczarska-Kokot Joanna , Lempart-Rapacewicz Anna , Dudziak Mariusz
Published: January 2020

The analysis of free chlorine concentrations in swimming pool water makes it possible to assess the antiseptic effect of the disinfectant. The concentration of combined chlorine determines the comfort of swimming and indicates if there is a threat from DBP (disinfection by-products). The distribution of free and combined chlorine concentration was analyzed in four basins differing in seasonality of use and in the applied water flow systems. After considering the distribution of free and combined chlorine content in characteristic points of pools, an attempt was made to determine the most reliable point for assessing the quality of water and its suitability for swimming. Such searches should aim to identify the places with the worst water quality. The most uniform distribution of the concentrations of both free and combined chlorine was observed at the middle point of swimming pools, while at points near the corners and walls of swimming pools a varied distribution was observed. Such a control strategy, based on the least favorable test results at a point considered as characteristic, would make it possible to verify the parameters of the swimming pool water treatment system and thus minimize the risk to swimmers’ health.
The 2030 Agenda as Agenda Setting Event for Water Governance? Evidence from the Cuautla River Basin in Morelos and Mexico
Authors: Breuer Anita , Oswald Spring Ursula
Published: January 2020

Policy science has developed various approaches, such as agenda-setting and goal-setting theory, aimed at explaining the emergence of policy shifts and behavioural changes. The 2030 Agenda sets an ambitious vision for human development in times of global environmental change and makes for an interesting subject to study the explanatory power of these approaches. While the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) enshrined in the 2030 Agenda resulted from a process of intergovernmental negotiations, they will ultimately have to be implemented by national governments. Using the case of Mexico, we take the governance of water as a starting point to investigate whether the 2030 Agenda has indeed become a focusing event for sustainability transformation. Building on data from 33 expert interviews and findings of a Social Network Analysis of communications between water stakeholders from different sectors in the Cuautla River Basin, we conclude that major paradigm shifts in water governance in Mexico are thus far rather attributable to domestic focusing events and windows of opportunity than to the motivating impact of globally set goals. The Mexican case also illustrates that the implementation of the 2030 Agenda is strongly dependent on political will at the highest level. Ensuring the continuity of its implementation across administrations will, therefore, require mainstreaming and anchoring the SDGs into the sectorial strategies that determine activities at the lower working level of government.
Comprehensive Assessment Methodology for Urban Residential Rainwater Tank Implementation
Authors: Sharma Ashok , Gardner Ted
Published: January 2020

Rainwater tanks are increasingly being implemented as part of the integrated urban water management paradigm where all sources of water, including potable, stormwater and recycled, are considered eligible to contribute to the urban water supply. Over the last decade or so, there has been a rapid uptake of rainwater tank systems in urban areas, especially in Australian cities, encouraged through financial incentives, but more importantly, from change in residential building codes effectively mandating the installation of rainwater tanks. Homes with rainwater tanks in Australian cities have increased from 15% to 28% over six years to 2013. These building codes specify certain rainwater tank specifications to achieve a stated rainwater use, and hence potable water savings. These specifications include minimum rainwater tank size, minimum connected roof area, plumbing for internal supply for toilets and washing machines, and external supply for garden watering. These expected potable water savings from households are often factored into regional strategic water planning objectives. Hence if rainwater tanks do not deliver the expected saving due to sub-standard installation and/or poor maintenance, it will have an adverse impact on the regional water plan in the longer term. In this paper, a methodology to assess the effectiveness of a government rainwater tank policy in achieving predicted potable water savings is described and illustrated with a case study from South East Queensland, Australia. It is anticipated that water professionals across the globe should be able to use the same methodology to assess the effectiveness of similar rainwater policies, or indeed any other distributed water saving policy, in their local planning communities.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Water in 2019
Authors:   Water Editorial Office
Published: January 2020

The editorial team greatly appreciates the reviewers who have dedicated their considerable time and expertise to the journal’s rigorous editorial process over the past 12 months, regardless of whether the papers are finally published or not [...]
Infiltration into Frozen Silty Clay Loam Soil with Different Soil Water Contents in the Red River of the North Basin in the USA
Authors: Roy Debjit , Jia Xinhua , Steele Dean D. , Chu Xuefeng , Lin Zhulu
Published: January 2020

Predicting surface runoff and flooding in seasonally frozen areas such as the Red River of the North Basin (RRB) in USA is a challenging task. It depends on the knowledge of the complex process of infiltration in frozen soil, such as phase changes of water, ice content and distribution in the infiltration zone (the top 0–30 cm of the soil profile), soil pore size distribution, soil temperature and freeze–thaw cycles. In this study, the infiltration rates into frozen soil (Colvin silty clay loam according to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Classification, and Chernozem according to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) international soil Classification) were measured at three different initial water contents: permanent wilting point (PWP), θpwp; field capacity (FC), θfc; and between FC and PWP, θmid. Laboratory infiltration experiments were conducted using a Cornell sprinkle infiltrometer with three replications for each initial water content. Volumetric soil water content (θv) and soil temperature at three depths were also continuously monitored using sensors. The average infiltration rates were 0.66, 0.38, and 0.59 cm/min for three initial water contents (θpwp, θmid, and θfc, respectively). Initial infiltration into frozen soil occurred quickly in the soil with θpwp because the soil was dry. Melted ice water contributed to the total soil water content over time, so it made the initial infiltration comparatively slower in the soil with θmid. Initial infiltration was also slower in the soil with θfc because the wet soil had very small pore space, so the soil rapidly reached its saturation after the infiltration started. The Horton infiltration equation was fitted with the observed infiltration rates for the soils with three initial water contents, and the goodness of fit was evaluated by using the coefficient of determination (R2) and the root-mean-square error (RMSE). The final infiltration rates from the fitted Horton equations were 0.060, 0.010, and 0.027 cm/min for the initial water contents (θpwp, θmid, and θfc, respectively). The soil water content along the soil profile changed with the amount of infiltrating water over time. However, the initial soil water content and melt water from ice resulting from soil temperature rise regulated the change in soil water content. The amount of ice melt water contribution to soil water content change varied among the soils with different initial water contents (θpwp, θmid, and θfc, respectively). The θv changed gradually in the θpwp soil, rapidly at 0 °C in the θmid soil, and less in the θfc soil. The change in pore distribution due to freeze–thaw cycles and soil packing altered the soil hydraulic properties and the infiltration into the soil. This study can provide critical information for flood forecasting model and subsurface drainage design in the RRB.
Hydrochemical Conditions for Aerobic/Anaerobic Biodegradation of Chlorinated Ethenes—A Multi-Site Assessment
Authors: Němeček Jan , Marková Kristýna , Špánek Roman , Antoš Vojtěch , Kozubek Petr , Lhotský Ondřej , Černík Miroslav
Published: January 2020

A stall of cis-1,2-DCE and vinyl chloride (VC) is frequently observed during bioremediation of groundwater chloroethenes via reductive dechlorination. These chloroethenes may be oxidised by aerobic methanotrophs or ethenotrophs co-metabolically and/or metabolically. We assessed the potential for such oxidation at 12 sites (49 groundwater samples) using hydrochemical and molecular biological tools. Both ethenotroph (etnC and etnE) and methanotroph (mmoX and pmoA) functional genes were identified in 90% of samples, while reductive dehalogenase functional genes (vcrA and bvcA) were identified in 82%. All functional genes were simultaneously detected in 78% of samples, in actively biostimulated sites in 88% of samples. Correlation analysis revealed that cis-1,2-DCE concentration was positively correlated with vcrA, etnC and etnE, while VC concentration was correlated with etnC, etnE, vcrA and bvcA. However, feature selection based on random forest classification indicated a significant relationship for the vcrA in relation to cis-1,2-DCE, and vcrA, bvcA and etnE for VC and no prove of relationship between cis-1,2-DCE or VC and the methanotroph functional genes. Analysis of hydrochemical parameters indicated that aerobic oxidation of chloroethenes by ethenotrophs may take place under a range of redox conditions of aquifers and coincide with high ethene and VC concentrations.
A Framework Proposal for Regional-Scale Flood-Risk Assessment of Cultural Heritage Sites and Application to the Castile and León Region (Central Spain)
Authors: Garrote Julio , Díez-Herrero Andrés , Escudero Cristina , García Inés
Published: January 2020

Floods, at present, may constitute the natural phenomenon with the greatest impact on the deterioration of cultural heritage, which is the reason why the study of flood risk becomes essential in any attempt to manage cultural heritage (archaeological sites, historic buildings, artworks, etc.) This management of cultural heritage is complicated when it is distributed over a wide territory. This is precisely the situation in the region of Castile and León (Spain), in which 2155 cultural heritage elements are registered in the Catalog of Cultural Heritage Sites of Castile and León, and these are distributed along the 94,226 km2 of this region. Given this scenario, the present study proposes a methodological framework of flood risk analysis for these cultural heritage sites and elements. This assessment is based on two main processing tools to be developed in addition: on the one hand, the creation of a GIS database in which to establish the spatial relationship between the cultural heritage elements and the flow-prone areas for different flood return periods and, on the other hand, the creation of a risk matrix in which different variables are regarded as associated both to flood hazard (return period, flow depth, and river flooding typology) and to flood vulnerability (construction typology, and construction structural relationship with the hydraulic environment). The combination of both tools has allowed us to establish each cultural heritage flood risk level, making its categorization of risk possible. Of all the cultural heritage sites considered, 18 of them are categorized under an Extreme flood risk level; and another 24 show a High potential flood risk level. Therefore, these are about 25% to 30% of all cultural heritage sites in Castile and León. This flood risk categorization, with a scientific basis of the cultural heritage sites at risk, makes it possible to define territories of high flood risk clustering; where local scale analyses for mitigation measures against flood risk are necessary.
The International Law and Politics of Water Access: Experiences of Displacement, Statelessness, and Armed Conflict
Authors: Krakow Carly A.
Published: January 2020

This article analyses international law regarding the human right to water as it impacts people who are stateless, displaced, and/or residents of armed conflict zones in the contemporary Middle East. Deficiencies in international law, including humanitarian, water, human rights, and criminal law, are examined to demonstrate international law’s strengths and weaknesses for functioning as a guarantor of essential rights for vulnerable groups already facing challenges resulting from ambiguous legal statuses. What are the political factors causing lack of water access, and what international legal protections exist to protect vulnerable groups when affected by water denial? The analysis is framed by Hannah Arendt’s assertion that loss of citizenship in a sovereign state leaves people lacking “the right to have rights”, as human rights are inextricably connected to civil rights. This article demonstrates that stateless/displaced persons and armed conflict zone residents are disproportionately impacted by lack of water, yet uniquely vulnerable under international law. This paper offers unprecedented analysis of international criminal law’s role in grappling with water access restrictions. I challenge existing “water wars” arguments, instead proposing remedies for international law’s struggle to guarantee the human right to water for refugees/internally displaced persons (IDPs). Examples include Israel/Palestine, Syria, Iraq, and Yemen. A key original contribution is the application of Arendt’s theory of the totalising impacts of human rights violations to cases of water access denial, arguing that these scenarios are examples of environmental injustice that restrict vulnerable persons’ abilities to access their human rights.
Coastal Flooding and Erosion under a Changing Climate: Implications at a Low-Lying Coast (Ebro Delta)
Authors: Grases Albert , Gracia Vicente , García-León Manuel , Lin-Ye Jue , Sierra Joan Pau
Published: January 2020

Episodic coastal hazards associated to sea storms are responsible for sudden and intense changes in coastal morphology. Climate change and local anthropogenic activities such as river regulation and urban growth are raising risk levels in coastal hotspots, like low-lying areas of river deltas. This urges to revise present management strategies to guarantee their future sustainability, demanding a detailed diagnostic of the hazard evolution. In this paper, flooding and erosion under current and future conditions have been assessed at local scale at the urban area of Riumar, a touristic enclave placed at the Ebro Delta (Spain). Process-based models have been used to address the interaction between beach morphology and storm waves, as well as the influence of coastal environment complexity. Storm waves have been propagated with SWAN wave model and have provided the forcings for XBeach, a 2DH hydro-morphodynamic model. Results show that future trends in sea level rise and wave forcing produce non-linear variations of the flooded area and the volume of mobilized sediment resulting from marine storms. In particular, the balance between flooding and sediment transport will shift depending on the relative sea level. Wave induced flooding and long-shore sand transport seem to be diminished in the future, whereas static sea level flooding and cross-shore sediment transport are exacerbated. Therefore, the characterization of tipping points in the coastal response can help to develop robust and adaptive plans to manage climate change impact in sandy wave dominated coasts with a low-lying hinterland and a complex shoreline morphology.
Effect of Nitrogen and Variety on Quality Performance of Rhodes Grass (Chloris gayana Kunth) in the Sudan
Authors: H. A. M Hussein , Y. M. I Dagash , Mohammed Maarouf I.
Published: January 2020

An experiment was conducted in Shambat (2016-2017) in the demonstration farm of the College of Agricultural Studies, Sudan University of Science and Technology to study the effect of variety and nitrogen fertilization on the quality performance of Rhodes grass. Two Rhodess grass varieties (Fine Cut and Reclaimer) and three nitrogen levels (60kgN/ha, 120kg N/ha and Control= 0.0kgN/ha) were investigated across seven cuts. The treatments were studied as factorial arrangement in Completely Randomized Design. Proximate analysis for Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) and Crude Protein(CP) was carried out.
Bibliografía para el estudio del libro impreso mexicano del siglo XVI
Authors: Rodríguez Domínguez Guadalupe
Published: January 2020

La presente selección bibliográfica se desprende de una larga investigación realizada en diferentes fases y adscrita a varios proyectos dedicados al estudio de los primeros productos impresos en México . Por tal motivo, ha pasado por un detenido proceso de reflexión y depuración acerca de los mejores instrumentos para el estudio del libro impreso mexicano del siglo XVI desde la perspectiva tipobibliográfica. El lector encontrará, en consecuencia, no solamente un listado de catálogos y repertorios bibliográficos de impresos mexicanos de dicho período, sino también monografías y estudios particulares sobre diversos temas relacionados con el libro impreso mexicano y advertirá la presencia de propuestas teórico - metodológicas comprobadas que permiten analizar estos libros impresos durante el siglo XVI desde la perspectiva material. En la primera sección concentramos los repertorios y catálogos más conocidos y de mayor autoridad que, desde la perspectiva de la biobibliografía y la bibliografía enumerativa y descriptiva ofrecen información relevante sobre los productos editoriales realizados en el primer siglo del Virreinato de la Nueva España. En la segunda sección se encuentran los estudios particulares sobre dichos productos editoriales, procurando rescatar los trabajos orientados a la tipografía y materialidad de los impresos, géneros específicos, circulación del libro y algunas particularidades bibliográficas. Por último, en la tercera sección se ofrecen los estudios y propuestas teórico – metodológicas para el estudio del libro antiguo en general, pero que se han aplicado al análisis del libro impreso mexicano del siglo XVI y cuya eficacia ha sido probada y ha ofrecido resultados que permiten, a pesar de la escasez de fuentes archivísticas comprender un poco mejor el fragmentado panorama bibliográfico mexicano.
Los Observatorios Sociales:
Authors: Puente Márquez Yoannis
Published: January 2020

Los observatorios sociales son plataformas para la socialización de la información y el conocimiento en comunidades científicas a partir de su rol como servicio de vigilancia informacional. Su visión desde el ámbito de la socialización de la información y el conocimiento es relevante, debido principalmente, a que estos se valoran como instrumentos o herramientas para la gestión de la información y la vigilancia tecnológica sin observar las múltiples aristas que el fenómeno permite investigar. Se abordan aspectos relacionados con observatorios sociales como servicios de información y el ámbito tecnológico en el cual se desarrollan. Brinda, además, elementos necesarios acerca del diseño e implementación de los observatorios sociales en la sociedad actual.
Los Servicios de Información a la Comunidad:
Authors: Fernández Figueroa Leticia
Published: January 2020

Los Servicios de Información a la Comunidad se han transformado de manera significativa en los últimos años a partir del desarrollo de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones. Las bibliotecas públicas, desde el rol que les impone la Sociedad de la Información y el Conocimiento, han asumido en su mayoría, el reto que exige el entorno digital. Se abordan aspectos teóricos relacionados con los Servicios de Información a la Comunidad en las bibliotecas públicas. Se destaca su necesidad e importancia como herramienta básica para el desarrollo y el crecimiento social de las comunidades cada vez más diversas y multiculturales, a partir de las bondades que ofrece Internet, siendo un desafío imprescindible para las bibliotecas públicas en el siglo XXI. Se concluye que, aunque las bibliotecas públicas no sean multiculturales, desde los Servicios de Información a la Comunidad se puede brindar el espacio que necesitan las comunidades migrantes para sumarse al tejido social del municipio donde radican.
Piql, una opción para la Preservación Digital en Latinoamérica. Entrevista realizada a Tanguy Lehello, CEO de Piql Latinoamérica
Authors: Díaz Delbert Jomar
Published: January 2020

La Preservación Digital en Latinoamérica no es del todo conocida, o suele tenerse una idea desenfocada sobre este tema. Ante el enorme reto que tiene la sociedad ante el aumento de información de tipo digital, su vulnerabilidad y las elevadas cifras de pérdida de contenidos digitales, se impone pues trazar líneas estratégicas maximizar el uso de contenidos fiables. A tal efecto, en se realiza una entrevista a Tanguy Lehello, CEO de Piql Latinoamérica, empresa dedicada, entre otras líneas, a la preservación digital. ¿Qué es Piql?...
La calidad editorial de las revistas científicas estudiantiles de Ciencias Sociales en Latinoamérica
Authors: Estrada-Bolívar José Manuel
Published: January 2020

Se abordan aspectos relacionados con las revistas científicas. Se plantean las ventajas que las revistas estudiantiles universitarias aportan a la vida académica en relación con las posibilidades que brindan para adquirir las competencias científicas necesarias por los estudiantes de pregrado, para la publicación de futuros artículos científicos en revistas de impacto y potenciando la contribución activa de los estudiantes al desarrollo científico de la región. Se expone el panorama de las revistas científicas estudiantiles en Latinoamérica. Se reflexiona sobre la necesidad de normalizar la calidad formal a que deben aspirar estos productos de información digitales para empoderarse dentro de la comunidad científica de las Ciencias Sociales. Se ofrecen conclusiones al respecto.
Efek Imunomodulator Ekstrak Etanol Spons Xestospongia Sp. Terhadap Aktivitas Fagositosis Makrofag Pada Mencit Jantan Galur Balb/C
Authors: Fristiohady Adryan , Wahyuni Wahyuni , Malik Fadhliyah , Leorita Mesi , Yusuf Muhammad Ilyas , Febriansyah Hendra , Sahidin Sahidin
Published: January 2020

Imunomodulator merupakan bahan yang dapat mengembalikan ketidakseimbangan sistem imun. Spons Xestospongia Sp. diduga mengandung senyawa-senyawa aktif yang berperan sebagai agen imunomodulator. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol Spons Xestospongia Sp. terhadap aktivitas fagositosis makrofag. Sebanyak dua puluh empat ekor mencit jantan galur Balb/C umur 2-3 bulan dengan berat badan 20-30 gram dibagi ke dalam 6 kelompok. Kelompok pertama mendapat pemberian ekstrak etanol Spons Xestospongia Sp. 100 mg/kgBB, kelompok kedua mendapat pemberian ekstrak etanol Spons Xestospongia Sp. 200 mg/kgBB, kelompok ketiga mendapat pemberian ekstrak etanol Spons Xestospongia Sp. 300 mg/kgBB dan kelompok keempat mendapat pemberian ekstrak etanol Spons Xestospongia Sp. 400 mg/kgBB. Kelompok kontrol positif mendapat ekstrak Phyllanthus niruri Linn. (Stimuno®) 0,13 mg/gBB dan kelompok kontrol negatif mendapatkan Na-CMC 0,5%. Ekstrak diberikan secara peroral sejak hari pertama hingga ketujuh. Pada hari kedelapan masing-masing mencit diinjeksikan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus (SA) 0,5 mL secara intra peritoneal. Aktivitas sel makrofag dihitung dari apusan cairan peritoneum mencit. Peningkatan dosis ekstrak etanol Spons Xestospongia Sp. meningkatkan jumlah aktivitas fagositosis makrofag dari 24,25 % (Na-CMC), 34,25% (100 mg/kgBB), 47,00% (200 mg/kgBB), 59,50 % (300 mg/kgBB) dan 62,75% (400 mg/kgBB). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ekstrak etanol Spons Xestospongia Sp. memiliki potensi sebagai imunomodulator pada dosis 300 mg/kgBB dan 400 mg/kgBB dengan efektivitas yang tidak berbeda bermakna dengan kontrol positif (Stimuno®) dalam meningkatkan aktivitas fagositosis sel makrofag berdasarkan hasil uji statistik post hoc TUKEY (sig. > 0,05).
Analisis Tingkat Kepuasan Pasien Terhadap Pelayanan Kefarmasian Di Rumah Sakit Dan Apotek
Authors: Raising Rahmawati
Published: January 2020

Kesehatan merupakan salah satu  kebutuhan dasar manusia dimana paya pelayanan kesehatan dapat diartikan sebagai suatu  rangkaian kegiatan yang dilakukan secara terpadu, terintegrasi dan berkesinambungan, yang bertujuan untuk memelihara dan meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat. Hal ini dilaksanakan sebagai bentuk pencegahan penyakit, peningkatan kesehatan, pengobatan penyakit, dan pemulihan kesehatan (preventif, promotif, kuratif dan rehabilitatif). Mutu pelayanan kesehatan adalah pelayanan kesehatan yang menimbulkan kepuasan pada pasien. Kepuasan menjadi bagian penting dalam pelayanan kesehatan karena dapat mengukur kualitas pelayanan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan pasien terhadap pelayanan kefarmasian di Instalasi Farmasi Rawat Jalan di Rumah Sakit Ponorogo dan di Apotek Armina Syifa serta analisis perbandingan tingkat kepuasan. Pada dimensi kualitas jasa untuk melihat kepuasan pasien dardapat lima dimensi, yaitu meliputi Kehandalan (reliability), Ketanggapan (responsiveness), Jaminan (assurance), Empati (empathy) dan Bukti Langsung (tangible), sehingga masalah yang mendasari penelitian ini adalah seberapa besar perbandingan tingkat kepuasan di RS dan Apotek berdasarkan kelima dimensi ini. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Data diperoleh dari kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada subjek peneliti dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui kepuasan pasien terhadap pelayanan kefarmasian di Rumah Sakit Ponorogo dan di Apotek kab. Madiun, Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah dengan menggunakan Non Probability Sampling, menggunakan metode accidental sampling. Hasil analisis tingkat Kepuasan Pasien Terhadap Pelayanan Kefarmasian di RS Ponorogo dan Apotek di Kab. Madiun dari 5 Dimensi termasuk dalam kategori puas, dan hasil perbandingan analisis tingkat kepuasan pasien terhadap pelayanan kefarmasian di RS dan Apotek adalah tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna dimana dari kelima dimensi.
Percepção de sujeitos leitores e escritores em experiência de letramento acadêmico em Direito
Authors: Brito Robson Figueiredo
Published: January 2020

Este artigo é um recorte do capítulo da metodologia de pesquisa de doutoramento que tem como objeto de estudo os efeitos de uma proposta didático-pedagógica de letramento em Metodologia do Trabalho Científico no que toca às marcas linguístico-discursivas que revelam movimentos de pertença à comunidade universitária. Este trabalho propõe-se a apresentar o instrumento Conhecendo os alunos do Direito, para identificar os estudantes universitários que participaram da experiência. Com esse propósito, opera-se com o pressuposto de que a formação de saberes, no âmbito disciplinar, efetiva-se a partir do modo pelo qual o sujeito, em interação social, assume posições ao tratar as informações, apreender os conceitos e reconhecer os elementos característicos da investigação científica. Construiu-se um diagnóstico dos alunos-sujeitos leitores e escritores nesse evento de letramento. Após compilação dos dados, foi possível flagrar características identitárias a respeito de como, na disciplina, eles concebem o que é ler, escrever e estudar textos científicos.
El mapa conceptual en la formación inicial del profesorado
Authors: Oceja Jorge , García González Diego , Bosch Pons Lluis , Puente Perojo David
Published: January 2020

El mapa conceptual es un recurso educativo cuyos beneficios están respaldados por investigaciones de prestigio. Sin embargo, su uso por parte de docentes, tanto en formación como con experiencia, suele ser escaso y poco eficaz. El propósito principal de esta investigación es analizar en qué medida los maestros en formación conocen, utilizan y atribuyen valor a esta herramienta, explorando también cómo perciben la formación recibida. Para ello, se plantea una aproximación cuantitativa a partir de los datos generados por estudiantes de 1º y 4º de magisterio en una facultad de educación española. Los resultados muestran una baja familiaridad de todos los grupos con el mapa conceptual, aunque le atribuyen un gran potencial educativo. Además, los estudiantes consideran insuficiente la formación recibida en esta herramienta, lo que consideramos un problema al encontrarnos en un contexto en el que la organización y el tratamiento de la información son una competencia clave.
Educação Física e docência universitária
Authors: Lopes Priscila , Carbinatto Michele Viviene
Published: January 2020

Este estudo tem como objetivo discutir o teor das publicações sobre Educação Física e docência universitária, mais precisamente sobre a formação e a atuação profissional em cursos de nível superior na referida área, no que tange a indissociabilidade ensino-pesquisa-extensão, no período de 2000 a 2017 (publicações em periódicos brasileiros Qualis-Capes A1 a B2). Foram detectadas 29 publicações cujas análises demonstraram que os estudos acerca da formação para docência na educação superior em Educação Física focam em discussões sobre o produtivismo de artigos científicos em detrimento da qualificação para a atuação profissional. Os eixos da tríade universitária se apresentam de forma desarticulada, com predominância da abordagem sobre o ensino. Embora alguns artigos citem a importância da articulação entre os eixos, o princípio da indissociabilidade ensino-pesquisa-extensão não foi o foco principal de nenhuma publicação analisada neste estudo, fato que evidencia a possibilidade da inexistência de publicações sobre essa temática na área de Educação Física.
Respon Ionosfer Terhadap Badai Matahari Berdasarkan Analisis Kandungan Elektron Total dan Indeks Gangguan Geomagnet
Authors: Belekubun Arwildo Fianli , Tongkukut Seni Herlina Juwita , Asnawi Asnawi , Pandara Dolfie Paulus
Published: January 2020

Ionosfer merupakan bagian dari lapisan atmosfer bumi yang dinamikanya sangat berpengaruh terhadap sistem komunikasi dan navigasi bumi yang mengandalkan ionosfer sebagai medium rambatan ataupun pantulan. Badai matahari sangat berpengaruh terhadap perubahan parameter-parameter ionosfer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi respon ionosfer Manado terhadap badai matahari bulan Maret 2015. Telah digunakan analisis  jumlah kandungan elektron (TEC, Total Electron Content), dan Indeks gangguan geomagnet (DST, Distributing Storm Time). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan indeks DST sebesar -223nT pada tanggal 18 Maret 2015 yang dilanjutkan oleh penurunan TEC sebesar 20,85 TECU dua jam setelahnya. Proses pemulihan Indeks DST sebanding dengan proses pemulihan TEC yakni 5 hari mulai dari tanggal 18–23 Maret 2015.The ionosphere is part of the layer of the Earth's atmosphere whose dynamics are very influential on the earth's communication and navigation systems that rely on the ionosphere as a propagation medium or reflection. Solar storms greatly influence changes in ionospheric parameters. This study aims to evaluate Manado's ionospheric response to solar storms in March 2015.This research is using the analysis of the amount of electron content (TEC, Total Electron Content) and geomagnetic interference index (DST, Distributing Storm Time). The results showed that there was a decrease in the DST index of -223nT on March 18, 2015, which was followed by a decrease in TEC of 20.85 TECU two hours later. The recovery process of the DST Index is comparable to the TEC recovery process, which is 5 days from March 18-23 2015
Uji Antibakteri Sediaan Masker Peel Off Ekstrak Etanol Daun Alpukat (Persea ameicana Mill.) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis sebagai Antijerawat
Authors: Puluh Esterlina Aldora , Edy Hosea Jaya , Siampa Jainer Pasca
Published: January 2020

Daun Alpukat memiliki kandungan antara lain saponin, alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol, quersetin yang bersifat sebagai antibakteri.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi terbaik dari ekstrak etanol daun alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) yang diformulasikan sebagai sediaan masker gel peel off berdasarkan uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ekperimental laboratorium. Formula sediaan masker gel peel off ekstrak daun Alpukat dibuat dengan variasi konsentrasi 0.1%; 0.15%; 0.2%; 0.25% dan 0.3%. Ekstrak tanaman daun alpukat diperoleh dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Pengujian antibakteri dengan metode sumuran diameter zona hambat yang paling besar yaitu pada konsentrasi 0,3% dengan diameter zona hambat 3 mm ± 0,32 dan kemampuan daya hambat dikategorikan lemah. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa konsentrasi terbaik dari ekstrak etanol daun Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) yang diformulasikan sebagai sediaan masker gel peel off yaitu pada konsentrasi 0.3% dan dikategorikan kemampuan daya hambat lemahAvocado leaves contains saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, quercetin which are as antibacterial properties. This study aims to obtain the best concentration of ethanol extract of avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill.) which is formulated as a gel peel off mask preparation based on antibacterial activity test against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. This study uses a laboratory experimental method. Avocado leaf extract peel off mask gel formula is made with a concentration variation of 0.1%; 0.15%; 0.2%; 0.25% and 0.3%. Avocado leaf extract is obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol solvent. Antibacterial testing with the largest inhibition zone diameter wells method is at a concentration of 0.3% with a diameter of inhibition zone 3 mm ± 0.32 and the ability of inhibition is categorized as weak. It can be concluded that the best concentration of ethanol extract of avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill.) Which is formulated as a gel peel off mask preparation is at a concentration of 0.3% and categorized as weak inhibitory ability
Uji Efektivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Krim Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kaliandra (Calliandra surinamensis) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Somba Gichella C.J , Edy Hosea Jaya , Siampa Jainer Pasca
Published: January 2020

Daun Kaliandra (Calliandra surinamensis) mengandung senyawa flavonoid, saponin dan tannin yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasi dan mengetahui efektivitas antibakteri sediaan krim ekstrak etanol daun Kaliandra terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental laboratorium. Formula sediaan krim dibuat dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak etanol daun Kaliandra 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%. Ekstrak daun Kaliandra diperoleh dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Penelitian uji antibakteri sediaan krim esktrak etanol daun Kaliandra menggunakan metode sumuran pada bakteri Staphylococcus aures menghasilkan daya hambat yang terbesar 5,09±0,88 mm pada konsentrasi 6%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa sediaan krim ekstrak etanol daun Kaliandra memiliki efektivitas  antibakteri yang sedangKaliandra leaf (Calliandra surinamensis) contains flavonoid compounds, saponins and tannins that can inhibit bacterial growth. The aim of this study was to formulate and investigate the antibacterial effectiveness of Kaliandra leaf ethanol extract cream against Staphylococcus aureus. This research uses laboratory experimental methods. Cream preparation formula is made with variations in the concentration of ethanol extract of Kaliandra leaves 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%. Kaliandra leaf extract was obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol solvent. The antibacterial test study of ethanol extract of Kaliandra leaf extract using the method of Staphylococcus aures produced the greatest inhibition of 5.09 ± 0.88 mm at a concentration of 6%. It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Kaliandra leaf cream has moderate antibacterial effectivenessDaun Kaliandra (Calliandra surinamensis) mengandung senyawa flavonoid, saponin dan tannin yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasi dan mengetahui efektivitas antibakteri sediaan krim ekstrak etanol daun Kaliandra terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental laboratorium. Formula sediaan krim dibuat dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak etanol daun Kaliandra 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%. Ekstrak daun Kaliandra diperoleh dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Penelitian uji antibakteri sediaan krim esktrak etanol daun Kaliandra menggunakan metode sumuran pada bakteri Staphylococcus aures menghasilkan daya hambat yang terbesar 5,09±0,88 mm pada konsentrasi 6%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa sediaan krim ekstrak etanol daun Kaliandra memiliki efektivitas  antibakteri yang sedang
Identifikasi Potentially Inappopriate Medication (PIM) Pada Resep Pasien Diabetes Melitus Usia Yang Keluar Dari 3 Rumah Sakit di Sulawesi Utara
Authors: Wiyono Weny Indayany , Lolo Widya Astuty , Citraningtyas Gayatri
Published: January 2020

Latar Belakang. Penduduk lanjut usia atau geriatrik tidak dapat dipisahkan dari kondisi kesehatan. Hal tersebut mendorong pentingnya mengidentifikasi adanya ketidaktepatan peresepan bagi pasien lanjut usia khususnya pada pasien yang menderita Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Prevalensi DM di Sulawesi Utara mengalami kenaikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi Potentially Inapopriate Medication (PIM) pada Resep pasien DM lanjut usia yang keluar dari Tiga Rumah sakit (RS) terletak di kota dengan prevalensi DM terbanyak di Sulawesi Utara. Metode. Penelitian dilakukan pada RS A Kota Manado, RS B Bitung dan RS C Tomohon. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif secara retrospektif dengan mengambil data rekam medis setiap 3 bulan per Rumah Sakit lalu membandingkan dengan Beers Criteria 2015. Hasil. Kejadian PIM pada Resep Keluar Pasien DM Lanjut Usia di RS A, RS B dan RS C sebesar 81,26 %, 40,91 % dan 37,38%  secara berturut-turut. Klasifikasi PIM terbanyak yaitu PIM dan Kelas Obat yang harus dihindari pada lanjut usia (50,00%, 66,67%, 73,91%). Golongan Obat terbanyak dalam PIM yaitu Sistem Gastrointestinal khususnya Pemblok Pompa Proton (30,47 %)Background. Elderly or geriatric population can’t be separated from health conditions. This encourages the importance to identifying the inaccuracy of prescribing for elderly patients, especially in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The prevalence of DM in North Sulawesi has increased. This study aims to identify Potentially Inapopriate Medication (PIM) in prescriptions for elderly DM patients who are discharged from the Three Hospitals (RS) located in the city with the highest prevalence of DM in North Sulawesi. Method. The study was conducted at Hospital A at Manado City, Hospital B at Bitung and Hospital C at Tomohon. This study used quantitative descriptive method retrospectively by taking medical record data every 3 months/Hospital and then comparing with the 2015 Beers Criteria. Results. The incidence of PIM in the Out Prescription for Elderly DM Patients in Hospital A, Hospital B and Hospital C was 81.26%, 40.91% and 37.38%, respectively. Most PIM classifications are PIM and Drug Class which must be avoided in the elderly (50.00%, 66.67%, 73.91%). The most drug group in PIM is Gastrointestinal System especially Proton Pump Inhibitors (30.47%)
Efek Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.) dan Sediaan Masker Gel ¬Peel-Off Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.)
Authors: Tunas Theresia H. , Edy Hosea Jaya , Siampa Jainer Pasca
Published: January 2020

Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.) bermanfaat untuk menghambat aktivitas pertumbuhan bakteri karena adanya kandungan senyawa flavonoid , alkaloid, dan fenol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak etanol daun Kelor dan sediaan masker gel peel-off ekstrak etanol daun Kelor terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental laboratorium, ekstrak etanol daun kelor dan sediaan masker gel peel-off ekstrak etanol daun Kelor dibuat dengan konsentrasi 1, 3, 5, 7, dan 9%. Ekstrak daun Kelor diperoleh dengan cara maserasi dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Pada pengujian antibakteri menggunakan metode sumuran. Diameter zona hambat paling besar yang ditimbulkan oleh ekstrak etanol daun Kelor yaitu pada konsentrasi 7% dengan diameter zona hambat sebesar 5,75 mm, sedangkan pada sediaan masker gel peel-off tidak menunjukkan adanya daya hambat. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun Kelor memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang termasuk dalam kategori sedang.Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringa oleifera) leaves are useful for inhibiting bacterial growth activity due to the presence of flavonoid, alkaloid, and phenol compounds. This study aims to test the antibacterial activity of the Moringa leaf ethanol extract and the gel peel-off mask preparation of Moringa leaf ethanol extract against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This study uses laboratory experimental methods, Moringa leaf ethanol extract and gel mask peel-off preparation for Moringa leaf ethanol extract made with concentrations of 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9%. Moringa leaf extract was obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol solvent. In antibacterial testing using the well method. The biggest inhibition zone diameter caused by ethanol extract of Moringa leaves is at a concentration of 7% with a inhibition zone diameter of 5.75 mm, whereas the peel-off gel mask preparation did not show any inhibitory power. It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Moringa leaves has antibacterial activity which is included in the medium category.