bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chebyshev collocation computation of magneto-bioconvection nanofluid flow over a wedge with multiple slips and magnetic induction
Authors: Uddin MJ , Kabir MN , Bég O Anwar , Alginahi Y
Published: November 2018

In this article, the steady two-dimensional stagnation point flow of a viscous incompressible electrically conducting bio-nanofluid over a stretching/shrinking wedge in the presence of passively control boundary condition, Stefan blowing and multiple slips is numerically investigated. Magnetic induction is also taken into account. The governing conservation equations are rendered into a system of ordinary differential equations via appropriate similarity transformations. The reduced system is solved using a fast, convergent Chebyshev collocation method. The influence of selected parameters on the dimensionless velocity, induced magnetic field, temperature, nanoparticle volume fraction and density of motile microorganisms as well as on the local skin friction, local Nusselt number, local Sherwood number and density of motile microorganism numbers is discussed and presented graphically. Validation with previously published results is performed and an excellent agreement is found. The study is relevant to electromagnetic manufacturing processes involving bio-nanofluids.
Planning, Tracking, and Reducing a Complex Project’s Value at Risk
Authors: Browning Tyson R.
Published: November 2018

Uncertainty, risk, and rework make it extremely challenging to meet goals and deliver anticipated value in complex projects, and conventional techniques for planning and tracking earned value do not account for these phenomena. This article presents a methodology for planning and tracking cost, schedule, and technical performance (or quality) in terms of a project’s key value attributes and threats to them. It distinguishes four types of value and two general types of risks. The “high jumper” analogy helps to consider how high the “bar” is set for a project (its set goals) and therefore how challenging and risky it will be. A project’s capabilities as a “jumper” (to clear the bar and meet its goals) determine the portion of its value at risk (VaR). By understanding the amounts of value, risk, and opportunity in a project, project managers can design it for appropriate levels of each. Project progress occurs through reductions in its VaR: Activities “add value” by chipping away at the project’s “anti-value”—the risks that threaten value. This perspective on project management incentivizes generating results that eliminate these threats, rather than assuming that value exists until proven otherwise.
Predicting outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis related interstitial lung disease
Authors: Jacob Joseph , Hirani Nikhil , van Moorsel Coline H.M. , Rajagopalan Srinivasan , Murchison John T. , van Es Hendrik W. , Bartholmai Brian J. , van Beek Frouke T. , Struik Marjolijn H.L. , Stewart Gareth A. , Kokosi Maria , Egashira Ryoko , Brun Anne Laure , Cross Gary , Barnett Joseph , Devaraj Anand , Margaritopoulos George , Karwoski Ronald , Renzoni Elisabetta , Maher Toby M. , Wells Athol U.
Published: November 2018

The aim of this study was to compare radiology-based prediction models in rheumatoid arthritis-related interstitial lung disease (RAILD) to identify patients with a progressive fibrosis phenotype.

RAILD patients had computed tomography (CT) scans scored visually and using CALIPER and forced vital capacity (FVC) measurements. Outcomes were evaluated using three techniques, as follows. 1) Scleroderma system evaluating visual interstitial lung disease extent and FVC values; 2) Fleischner Society idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) diagnostic guidelines applied to RAILD; and 3) CALIPER scores of vessel-related structures (VRS). Outcomes were compared to IPF patients.

On univariable Cox analysis, all three staging systems strongly predicted outcome (scleroderma system hazard ratio (HR) 3.78, p=9×10−5; Fleischner system HR 1.98, p=2×10−3; and 4.4% VRS threshold HR 3.10, p=4×10−4). When the scleroderma and Fleischner systems were combined, termed the progressive fibrotic system (C-statistic 0.71), they identified a patient subset (n=36) with a progressive fibrotic phenotype and similar 4-year survival to IPF. On multivariable analysis, with adjustment for patient age, sex and smoking status, when analysed alongside the progressive fibrotic system, the VRS threshold of 4.4% independently predicted outcome (model C-statistic 0.77).

The combination of two visual CT-based staging systems identified 23% of an RAILD cohort with an IPF-like progressive fibrotic phenotype. The addition of a computer-derived VRS threshold further improved outcome prediction and model fit, beyond that encompassed by RAILD measures of disease severity and extent.
Procedure volume and mortality after surgical lung biopsy in interstitial lung disease
Authors: Fisher Jolene H. , Shapera Shane , To Teresa , Marras Theodore K. , Gershon Andrea , Dell Sharon
Published: November 2018

Surgical volume–outcome relationships are well established but have not been studied in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) undergoing surgical lung biopsy (SLB). Our study objective was to determine if hospital SLB volume is associated with post-operative mortality in patients with ILD.

A cohort study using administrative, population-based data from Ontario, Canada was performed in adults with ILD who underwent a SLB between 2001 and 2014. The association between yearly hospital SLB volume and 30-day post-operative mortality was assessed using multilevel logistic regression modelling.

3057 surgical lung biopsies for ILD were performed during the study period with a median (interquartile range) yearly hospital volume of 73 (34–143) procedures. 30-day mortality was 7.1%, 20.2% and 1.9% in overall, nonelective and elective patients, respectively. Higher yearly hospital SLB volume was associated with lower odds of 30-day post-operative mortality after adjusting for patient characteristics (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.73–0.97; p=0.02), with the association appearing stronger for nonelectiveversuselective procedures (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.69–1.02; p=0.08versusOR 0.94, 95% CI 0.74–1.18; p=0.57).

Higher yearly hospital SLB volume was associated with lower post-operative mortality in patients with ILD, with the association appearing to be mainly driven by nonelective cases. SLB mortality was significantly higher for nonelective cases.
Gait speed and prognosis in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Nolan Claire M. , Maddocks Matthew , Maher Toby M. , Banya Winston , Patel Suhani , Barker Ruth E. , Jones Sarah E. , George Peter M. , Cullinan Paul , Man William D-C.
Published: November 2018

The 4-m gait speed (4MGS), a simple physical performance measure and surrogate marker of frailty, consistently predicts adverse prognosis in older adults. We hypothesised that 4MGS could predict all-cause mortality and nonelective hospitalisation in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

4MGS and lung function were measured at baseline in 130 outpatients newly diagnosed with IPF. Survival status and nonelective hospital admissions were recorded over 1 year. We assessed the predictive value of 4MGS (as a continuous variable and as a binary variable: slowversuspreserved 4MGS) by calculating hazard ratios using Cox proportional regression, adjusting for potential confounding variables. Receiver operating characteristic curves assessed discrimination between the multivariable regression models and established prognostic indices.

Continuous 4MGS and slow 4MGS were independent predictors of all-cause mortality (4MGS: HR 0.03, 95% CI 0.01–0.31; p=0.004; slow 4MGS: 2.63, 95% CI 1.01–6.87; p=0.049) and hospitalisation (4MGS: HR 0.02, 95% CI 0.01–0.14; p<0.001; slow 4MGS: 2.76, 95% CI 1.16–6.58; p=0.02). Multivariable models incorporating 4MGS or slow 4MGS had better discrimination for predicting mortality than either the gender, age and lung physiology index or Composite Physiologic Index.

In patients with IPF, 4MGS is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and nonelective hospitalisation.
Soluble PD-L1 is a potential biomarker of cutaneous melanoma aggressiveness and metastasis in obstructive sleep apnoea patients
Authors: Cubillos-Zapata Carolina , Martínez-García Miguel Ángel , Campos-Rodríguez Francisco , Sánchez de la Torre Manuel , Nagore Eduardo , Martorell-Calatayud Antonio , Hernández Blasco Luis , Chiner Vives Eusebi , Abad-Capa Jorge , Montserrat Josep María , Cabriada-Nuño Valentín , Cano-Pumarega Irene , Corral-Peñafiel Jaime , Diaz-Cambriles Trinidad , Mediano Olga , Somoza-González María , Dalmau-Arias Joan , Almendros Isaac , Farré Ramón , López-Collazo Eduardo , Gozal David , García-Río Francisco
Published: November 2018

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) upregulates the programmed cell death-1 receptor and its ligand (PD-L1) pathway, potentially compromising immunosurveillance. We compared circulating levels of soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) in patients with cutaneous melanoma according to the presence and severity of OSA, and evaluated relationships with tumour aggressiveness and invasiveness.

In a multicentre observational study, 360 patients with cutaneous melanoma underwent sleep studies, and serum sPD-L1 levels were assayed using ELISA. Cutaneous melanoma aggressiveness indices included mitotic rate, Breslow index, tumour ulceration, Clark level and tumour stage, and sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis was recorded as a marker of invasiveness.

sPD-L1 levels were higher in severe OSA compared to mild OSA or non-OSA patients. In OSA patients, sPD-L1 levels correlated with Breslow index and were higher in patients with tumour ulceration, advanced primary tumour stages or with locoregional disease. The incorporation of sPD-L1 to the classic risk factors to SLN metastasis led to net improvements in the classification of 27.3%.

Thus, sPD-L1 levels are increased in melanoma patients with severe OSA, and, in addition, might serve as a potential biomarker of cutaneous melanoma aggressiveness and invasiveness in this group of subjects.
Post-approval upper airway stimulation predictors of treatment effectiveness in the ADHERE registry
Authors: Heiser Clemens , Steffen Armin , Boon Maurits , Hofauer Benedikt , Doghramji Karl , Maurer Joachim T. , Sommer J. Ulrich , Soose Ryan , Strollo Patrick J. , Schwab Richard , Thaler Erica , Withrow Kirk , Kominsky Alan , Larsen Christopher , Kezirian Eric J. , Hsia Jennifer , Chia Stanley , Harwick John , Strohl Kingman , Mehra Reena
Published: November 2018

Upper airway stimulation (UAS) has been shown to reduce severity of obstructive sleep apnoea. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of UAS therapy response in an international multicentre registry.

Patients who underwent UAS implantation in the United States and Germany were enrolled in an observational registry. Data collected included patient characteristics, apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), objective adherence, adverse events and patient satisfaction measures.Post hocunivariate and multiple logistic regression were performed to evaluate factors associated with treatment success.

Between October 2016 and January 2018, 508 participants were enrolled from 14 centres. Median AHI was reduced from 34 to 7 events·h−1, median ESS reduced from 12 to 7 from baseline to final visit at 12-month post-implant. Inpost hocanalyses, for each 1-year increase in age, there was a 4% increase in odds of treatment success. For each 1-unit increase in body mass index (BMI), there was 9% reduced odds of treatment success. In the multivariable model, age persisted in serving as statistically significant predictor of treatment success.

In a large multicentre international registry, UAS is an effective treatment option with high patient satisfaction and low adverse events. Increasing age and reduced BMI are predictors of treatment response.
Thrombus aspiration in hyperglycemic ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients: clinical outcomes at 1-year follow-up
Authors: Sardu Celestino , Barbieri Michelangela , Balestrieri Maria Luisa , Siniscalchi Mario , Paolisso Pasquale , Calabrò Paolo , Minicucci Fabio , Signoriello Giuseppe , Portoghese Michele , Mone Pasquale , D’Andrea Davide , Gragnano Felice , Bellis Alessandro , Mauro Ciro , Paolisso Giuseppe , Rizzo Maria Rosaria , Marfella Raffaele
Published: November 2018

Objectives

We evaluate whether the thrombus aspiration (TA) before primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) may improve STEMI outcomes in hyperglycemic patients.

Background

The management of hyperglycemic patients during STEMI is unclear.

Methods

We undertook an observational cohort study of 3166 first STEMI. Patients were grouped on the basis of whether they received TA or not. Moreover, among these patients we selected a subgroup of STEMI patients with hyperglycemia during the event (glycaemia > 140 mg/dl). The endpoint at 1 year included all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality and re-hospitalization for coronary disease, heart failure and stroke.

Results

One-thousand STEMI patients undergoing PPCI to plus TA (TA-group) and 1504 STEMI patients treated with PPCI alone (no-TA group) completed the study. In overall study-population, Kaplan–Meier-analysis demonstrated no significant difference in mortality rates between patients with and without TA (P = 0.065). After multivariate Cox-analysis (HR: 0.94, 95% CI 0.641–1.383) and the addition of propensity matching (HR: 0.86 95% CI 0.412–1.798) TA was still not associated with decreased mortality. By contrast, in hyperglycemic subgroup STEMI patients (TA-group, n = 331; no-TA group, n = 566), Kaplan–Meier-analysis demonstrated a significantly lower mortality (P = 0.019) in TA-group than the no-TA group. After multivariate Cox-analysis (HR: 0.64, 95% CI 0.379–0.963) and the addition of propensity matching (HR: 0.54, 95% CI 0.294–0.984) TA was still associated with decreased mortality.

Conclusions

TA was not associated with lower mortality in PPCI for STEMI when used in our large all-comer cohort. Conversely, TA during PPCI for STEMI reduces clinical outcomes in hyperglycemic patients.

Trial registration NCT02817542. 25th, June 2016
Identification and immunophenotype of abnormal cells present in focal cortical dysplasia type IIb
Authors: Sousa Gleice K. , Capitelli Caroline S. , Dombroski Thaís C. D. , Zanella César A. B. , Terra Vera C. , Velasco Tonicarlo R. , Machado Hélio R. , Assirati João A. , Carlotti Carlos G. , Alves Vani M. , DaCosta Jaderson Costa , Palmini André L. , Paglioli Eliseu , Sakamoto Americo C. , Spreafico Roberto , Garbelli Rita , Neder Luciano , Martins Antonio R.
Published: November 2018

Background

Focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) are malformations of cortical development that present cortical dyslamination and abnormal cell morphology and are frequently associated with refractory epilepsy. FCD type IIb presents dysmorphic neurons (DNs) and balloon cells (BCs), which are the hallmarks of this dysplasia. Moreover, hypertrophic neurons (HyNs) may be present in FCD types I, II and III. The objective of this study was to perform a detailed morphology and immunophenotype study of BCs, DNs, and HyNs in a cohort of FCD IIb patients.

Methods

Cortices resected as a treatment for refractory epilepsy from 18 cases of FCD type IIb were analysed using Bielschowsky method and haematoxylin and eosin as routine stains. Immunophenotype was performed using specific antibodies to detect epitopes differentially expressed by abnormal cells.

Results

All cases showed cortical dyslamination, BCs, DNs, and HyNs. No cell layer or column could be identified, except for cortical layer I. Lesions predominated in the frontal cortex (11 cases). DNs were large neurons and presented a clumped and or displaced Nissl substance towards the cell membrane, and a cytoplasm accumulation of neurofilament that displaced the nucleus to the cell periphery, as shown by Bielschowsky staining and immunohistochemistry. HyNs were as large as DNs, but without alterations of Nissl substance or dense neurofilament accumulation, with a central nucleus. BCs were identified as large, oval-shaped and pale eosinophilic cells, which lacked the Nissl substance, and presented an eccentric nucleus. BCs and DNs expressed epitopes of both undifferentiated and mature cells, detected using antibodies against nestin, vimentin, class III β-tubulin, pan-neuronal filaments, neurofilament proteins, β-tubulin and NeuN. Only BCs expressed GFAP.

Conclusion

FCDs present with disorganization of the cerebral cortex architecture, abnormal cell morphology, are frequently associated with refractory epilepsy, and their post-surgical prognosis depends on the type of FCD. The diagnosis of focal cortical dysplasia in a surgical specimen relies on the identification of the abnormal cells present in a dysplastic cortex specimen. The current report contributes to the identification of balloon cells, dysmorphic and hypertrophic neurons in the context of focal cortical dysplasia type IIb.
Body-Weight Fluctuation and Incident Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiovascular Disease, and Mortality: A 16-Year Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Oh Tae Jung , Moon Jae Hoon , Choi Sung Hee , Lim Soo , Park Kyong Soo , Cho Nam H , Jang Hak Chul
Published: November 2018

Context

Body-weight fluctuation (weight cycling) has been found to be associated with higher mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease. However, there are very limited data regarding the relationship between body-weight fluctuation and health-related outcomes in the general population.

Methods

We examined whether body-weight fluctuation can associate incident diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular events, and mortality in a Korean population from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. The intraindividual fluctuations of body weight were calculated by average successive variability (ASV); health-related outcomes were collected every 2 years for 16 years in 3,678 participants.

Results

Participants with a high ASV of body weight were more obese and had higher blood pressure and HbA1c levels at baseline than those with a low ASV of body weight. A 1-unit increase in ASV of body weight was associated with increase in mortality (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.32 to 1.62; P < 0.001). However, the association between the ASV of body weight and incident diabetes mellitus seemed to be influenced by baseline body mass index (BMI): negative effect in subjects with BMI <25 kg/m2 (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.65; P = 0.003) and protective effect in those with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.95; P = 0.014). There was no association between the ASV of body weight and cardiovascular event.

Conclusion

Body-weight fluctuation was associated with mortality. In addition, the effect of body-weight fluctuation on incident diabetes mellitus depended on the presence of obesity at baseline.
Remote Surveillance Technologies: Realizing the Aim of Right Patient, Right Data, Right Time
Authors: Safavi Kyan C. , Driscoll William , Wiener-Kronish Jeanine P.
Published: November 2018

The convergence of multiple recent developments in health care information technology and monitoring devices has made possible the creation of remote patient surveillance systems that increase the timeliness and quality of patient care. More convenient, less invasive monitoring devices, including patches, wearables, and biosensors, now allow for continuous physiological data to be gleaned from patients in a variety of care settings across the perioperative experience. These data can be bound into a single data repository, creating so-called data lakes. The high volume and diversity of data in these repositories must be processed into standard formats that can be queried in real time. These data can then be used by sophisticated prediction algorithms currently under development, enabling the early recognition of patterns of clinical deterioration otherwise undetectable to humans. Improved predictions can reduce alarm fatigue. In addition, data are now automatically queriable on a real-time basis such that they can be fed back to clinicians in a time frame that allows for meaningful intervention. These advancements are key components of successful remote surveillance systems. Anesthesiologists have the opportunity to be at the forefront of remote surveillance in the care they provide in the operating room, postanesthesia care unit, and intensive care unit, while also expanding their scope to include high-risk preoperative and postoperative patients on the general care wards. These systems hold the promise of enabling anesthesiologists to detect and intervene upon changes in the clinical status of the patient before adverse events have occurred. Importantly, however, significant barriers still exist to the effective deployment of these technologies and their study in impacting patient outcomes. Studies demonstrating the impact of remote surveillance on patient outcomes are limited. Critical to the impact of the technology are strategies of implementation, including who should receive and respond to alerts and how they should respond. Moreover, the lack of cost-effectiveness data and the uncertainty of whether clinical activities surrounding these technologies will be financially reimbursed remain significant challenges to future scale and sustainability. This narrative review will discuss the evolving technical components of remote surveillance systems, the clinical use cases relevant to the anesthesiologist’s practice, the existing evidence for their impact on patients, the barriers that exist to their effective implementation and study, and important considerations regarding sustainability and cost-effectiveness.
Identifying Industry Margins with Price Constraints: Structural Estimation on Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Dubois Pierre , Lasio Laura
Published: November 2018

We develop a structural model to investigate the effects of pharmaceutical price regulation on demand and on manufacturers’ price-setting behavior in France. We estimate price-cost margins in a regulated market with price constraints and infer whether these constraints are binding, exploiting cost restrictions across drugs, which come from observing the same drugs in potentially price-constrained markets (France) and in markets where prices are unregulated (United States and Germany). Our counterfactual simulations suggest that price constraints generated modest savings for anti-ulcer drugs in 2003–2013 (2 percent of total expenses), relative to a free pricing scenario, and shifted consumption from generic to branded drugs. (JEL C51, D24, I18, L13, L51, L65)
Abandono e adoção como direito fundamental e adoção internacional como exceção no Nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Costa Gizela Nunes da , Ribeiro José Edmar Da Silva
Published: November 2018

Este artigo trata do instituto da adoção como direito fundamental e da adoção internacional como exceção, considerando, mais especifi camente, a situação do menor abandonado no Nordeste brasileiro. Para fomentar a metodologia deste estudo, foi realizada a pesquisa bibliográfi ca com análise de obras, da legislação e de dados estatísticos. Aborda os possíveis danos causados pela institucionalização, refl etidos diretamente na sociedade, pois a criança inserida em abrigos sofre com a limitação ou, até mesmo, com a ausência de valores, estímulos, convivência e segurança, sendo, esta última, um direito fundamental do infante. Contextualiza o meio social adverso e hostil da região Nordeste do país. Destaca a condição de penúria das famílias nordestinas, que, muitas vezes, sem alternativa, deixam os fi lhos em portas de residências, abrigos, chegando até a abandoná-los em hospitais ou em postos de saúde. A adoção é entendida como um instituto excepcional para integrar a criança e o adolescente ao convívio familiar estável e seguro e se refere ao conjunto normativo que trata da matéria: Convenção sobre os Direitos da Criança (CDC), Constituição Nacional de 1988 e Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA). Conclui-se que a adoção internacional, como exceção, cercada das cautelas legais, oferece a crianças e a adolescentes abandonados um futuro promissor, além de melhores condições de crescimento em comparação aos orfanatos, além de reduzir o tempo de espera para reintegração familiar. Diferentemente dos adotantes brasileiros, mais seletivos, a adoção feita por estrangeiros é livre de preconceitos e sem preferências.
Protocol: New approaches to managing the social deficits of Turner Syndrome using the PEERS program
Authors: Wolstencroft Jeanne , Mandy William , Skuse David
Published: November 2018

Turner Syndrome (TS) is a sex chromosome aneuploidy (45,X) associated with social skill difficulties. Recent clinical care guidelines recommend that the Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS) social skills intervention programme be trialled in this population. PEERS has been successfully used in adolescents with autism spectrum conditions without intellectual disabilities. The PEERS program will be piloted with adolescents and young women with TS aged 16-20 using an uncontrolled study trial with a multiple-case series design. The program will be delivered face to face and online. The assessment battery is designed to measure social skills comprehensively from diverse informants (parent, teacher young person). It includes measures of social performance, social knowledge and social cognition. Parents and young people taking part in the intervention will also feedback on the acceptability and feasibility of the pilot. The outcomes of this small scale pilot (n=6-10) will be used to adapt the programme based on feedback and estimate the sample for a future randomised controlled trial.
Recent advances in renal imaging
Authors: Thurman Joshua M. , Gueler Faikah
Published: November 2018

Kidney diseases can be caused by a wide range of genetic, hemodynamic, toxic, infectious, and autoimmune factors. The diagnosis of kidney disease usually involves the biochemical analysis of serum and blood, but these tests are often insufficiently sensitive or specific to make a definitive diagnosis. Although radiologic imaging currently has a limited role in the evaluation of most kidney diseases, several new imaging methods hold great promise for improving our ability to non-invasively detect structural, functional, and molecular changes within the kidney. New methods, such as dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI, allow functional imaging of the kidney. The use of novel contrast agents, such as microbubbles and nanoparticles, allows the detection of specific molecules in the kidney. These methods could greatly advance our ability to diagnose disease and also to safely monitor patients over time. This could improve the care of individual patients, and it could also facilitate the evaluation of new treatment strategies.
Constructivism as a Philosophical Basis of Pedagogy: Forms and Possibilities of Interpretation
Authors: Мартишина Н. , Martishina N.
Published: November 2018

The article contains the characteristic of constructivism as a philosophical doctrine. The author shows the distinction between the epistemic constructivism, which considers cognition as the construction of epistemological images; the social constructivism in the theory of knowledge, within the framework of which the construction of epistemological phenomena is interpreted not as an individual, but as a communicative, historical-dimensional and culturally-deterministic process; and socio-ontological constructivism, which analyzes the appearance of objectified social phenomena (as opposed to knowledge as such ) and, ultimately, the appearance of social reality in social interactions and communication acts. The article fixes the features of pedagogical concepts, determined by the use of various variants of constructivism as research programs. The author thesis is substantiated that social constructivism in pedagogy can be considered not only as a general learning strategy of knowledge production in students' independent activities, but also as a meaningfully developed methodological program of training and education, which determines the activity of a teacher too from a constructivist position.
Assessment of Efficiency of Wolfram-Technology in the Context of Training in Quantitative Methods
Authors: Власов Дмитрий , Vlasov Dmitriy
Published: November 2018

In the center of attention of the article – an opportunity modern Wolfram-technologies in training in quantitative methods and the quantitative researches allowing to reveal significant tendencies in development of social and economic situations. The didactic potential of Wolfram-technology allowing to organize in a new way educational cognitive activity of students, to focus attention to demand of modern information technologies and tools in the solution of applied problems of social and economic contents is specified. Recommendations on the use of Wolfram-technology within realization of applied mathematical training of future bachelor of management are submitted. Modern researches on application of quantitative methods to the analysis of various social and economic situations having essential value for development of innovative components of professional competence of future bachelor of management are analyzed. The presented fragments of educational cognitive activity of students on quantitative «Income», «Consumption» in the form of pair model and «Income», «The number of children of minor age», «Consumption», in the form of multiple model and also methodical recommendations about use of WolframAlpha can be useful to the analysis of factors to improvement of professional student teaching of training of future bachelor of management.
Living machine
Authors: Борзых Станислав , Borzykh Stanislav
Published: November 2018

This book is devoted to the question of whether it is possible to consider a person and, more broadly, life as something mechanical and determined by its structure and physiology. It appears that the answer to this question is positive despite the fact that is dominated by the concept of giving people free will, a special intellectual capacity, the presence of the self-developing culture, etc. Nor our feelings or behavior, or even thinking are not something that would be free and independent from the stimuli that affect us. On the contrary, they act as reactions to external and internal events that are more than predictable and expected. Thus, people also are living machines, like all others, does in this sense not standing out.
Theory and design of power plants
Authors: Крюков Константин , Kryukov Konstantin
Published: November 2018

The training manual discusses the General issues of the device and operation of power plants used on various models of armored vehicles and equipment.
The manual is developed in relation to the training programs of contract service officers in military training centers or public educational institutions of higher professional education in military specialties "Operation and repair of basic armored vehicles" and "Operation and repair of electrical and special equipment and automation of basic armored vehicles." Can be used for officers of Panzer troops in the system of commander training, cadets of military educational institutions and specialists on operation, maintenance and repair of armored vehicles.
The Ramping Polytope and Cut Generation for the Unit Commitment Problem
Authors: Knueven Ben , Ostrowski Jim , Wang Jianhui
Published: November 2018

We present a perfect formulation for a single generator in the unit commitment problem, inspired by the dynamic programming approach taken by Frangioni and Gentile. This generator can have characteristics such as ramp-up/ramp-down constraints, time-dependent start-up costs, and start-up/shut-down limits. To develop this perfect formulation, we extend the result of Balas on unions of polyhedra to present a framework allowing for flexible combinations of polyhedra using indicator variables. We use this perfect formulation to create a cut-generating linear program, similar in spirit to lift-and-project cuts, and demonstrate computational efficacy of these cuts in a utility-scale unit commitment problem.

The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2017.0802 .
A Branch-and-Price Algorithm for Parallel Machine Scheduling Using ZDDs and Generic Branching
Authors: Kowalczyk Daniel , Leus Roel
Published: November 2018

We study the parallel machine scheduling problem to minimize the sum of the weighted completion times of the jobs to be scheduled (problem Pm∥∑wj Cj in the standard three-field notation). We use the set covering formulation that was introduced by van den Akker et al. [van den Akker J, Hoogeveen J, van de Velde S (1999) Parallel machine scheduling by column generation. Oper. Res. 47(6):862–872.] for this problem, and we improve the computational performance of their branch-and-price (B&P) algorithm by a number of techniques, including a different generic branching scheme, zero-suppressed binary decision diagrams (ZDDs) to solve the pricing problem, dual-price smoothing as a stabilization method, and Farkas pricing to handle infeasibilities. We report computational results that show the effectiveness of the algorithmic enhancements, which depends on the characteristics of the instances. To the best of our knowledge, we are also the first to use ZDDs to solve the pricing problem in a B&P algorithm for a scheduling problem.

The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2018.0809 .
PDUI (Plano de Desenvolvimento Urbano Integrado): primeiros aspectos, comparações, críticas, conclusões, relações e experiências após 03 (três) anos de sua criação legal
Authors: Bonizzato Luigi , Moulin Isabelle Esteves
Published: November 2018

O presente Artigo jurídico volta-se para o estudo do Plano de Desenvolvimento Urbano Integrado (PDUI), criado no país por meio do Estatuto da Metrópole, mais precisamente, pela Lei 13.089, de 12 de janeiro de 2015. Trata-se de um plano urbanístico, de competência legislativa dos Estados membros da Federação brasileira, dentro dos quais localizam-se as chamadas regiões metropolitanas brasileiras. Em dois capítulos, faz-se uma abordagem qualitativa dos dois mais importantes planos urbanísticos brasileiros, o acima citado PDUI e o Plano Diretor municipal, mas com foco sempre mais direcionado àquele plano. Aproximados 03 (três) anos após a entrada em vigor do Estatuto da Metrópole e da instituição do prazo de também 03 (três) anos para a criação do Plano de Desenvolvimento Urbano Integrado (PDUI) pelos Estados, para suas regiões metropolitanas, análises quantitativas também embasaram variadas conclusões, pautadas, paralela e, preponderantemente, em pesquisa que se valeu de método dedutivo para seu desenvolvimento e conclusões, assim como de fontes bibliográficas e legislativas.
O CONFLITO E A SOCIEDADE: o resgate da autonomia de sua resolução por intermédio da mediação comunitária em contraponto à judicialização das relações sociais
Authors: Alves Felipe Dalenogare , Gofas Faena Gall
Published: November 2018

O presente trabalho expõe o resultado de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, concebida a partir do método fenomenológico-hermenêutico, para fins de abordagem, e monográfico, a título procedimental, acerca do necessário resgate da autonomia social na resolução dos seus conflitos, em contraponto ao cenário atual, de crescente judicialização das relações sociais, para o qual a mediação comunitária demonstra-se ferramenta indispensável e promissora, tendo por objetivo principal a análise de elementos fundantes de conceitos complexos como o de conflito social, judicialização das relações sociais e mediação comunitária. Assim, a pesquisa justifica-se pela necessidade de esclarecimento de importantes pontos que cercam a problemática que motiva o estudo, como a seguinte questão: em que medida as políticas públicas de mediação comunitária podem apresentar-se como meio alternativo realmente efetivo ao resgate da autonomia social à resolução de seus conflitos em contraponto à judicialização das relações sócias? Dentre os resultados encontrados, verifica-se que as políticas públicas de mediação comunitária, ainda pouco incentivadas pelo Estado e quase inexistentes, apesar de experiências positivas, como a exemplificada no trabalho, implementada no Distrito Federal, apresentem-se como meio alternativo realmente efetivo ao resgate da autonomia social à resolução de seus conflitos em contraponto à crescente judicialização das relações sociais.
A POLÍTICA, O PODER E O DIREITO Reflexões e fragmentos ao pensamento de Luhmann
Authors: Silva Luciano Braz
Published: November 2018

Analisar os aspectos do poder, como formas de dominação e a sua relação com a política e o direito, constitui objeto desse artigo. Neste sentido, nosso artigo antecipa suas reflexões suscitando de antemão algumas questões, tais como: haveria algum sentido para pensarmos uma coexistência entre o poder, a política e o direito? A existência/permanência do direito estaria comprometida divorciada duma coexistência do poder? Tomando como referencial teórico a obra de Niklas Luhmann nosso artigo direcionará suas análises a concepção sistêmica do direito e da política atrelando ao conceito de poder abordado no pensamento de Luhmann.
Suspeitos? Narrativas e Expectativas de Jovens Negros e Negras e Policiais Militares sobre a Abordagem Policial e a Discriminação racial em Brasília, Salvador e Curitiba.
Authors: Duarte Evandro Piza , Avelar Laís Da Silva , Garcia Rafael De Deus
Published: November 2018

No contexto de discussão das altas taxas de homicídios de jovens negros, o artigo explora a dimensão da violência racial praticada no âmbito das instituições de segurança e seus efeitos sobre os alvos dessas instituições. Discutem-se as narrativas, obtidas por meio de grupos focais, de policiais militares e de jovens negros em três cidades brasileiras (Brasília, Salvador e Curitiba), para emergir, do primeiro grupo, as representações que guiam seu trabalho e apontam para os integrantes do segundo grupo como suspeitos. Assim, com foco nas ações que compõem a política de combate às drogas, nos debruçaremos em relatos colhidos para entender como, institucionalmente, é reproduzido padrões de preconceito, sobretudo, racial. A compreensão dos depoimentos dos policiais permite captar como preconceitos raciais (em relação aos negros - pretos e pardos) e sociais (relativos à classe) constroem a suspeição reproduzida nas abordagens. Ao mesmo tempo, caminhar pelas narrativas dos jovens negros é descobrir os efeitos de ser essa vida sempre sob suspeita. Ao final, serão feitas considerações, apontando-se para a necessidade de judicialização das práticas policiais, o que permitiria reconhecer, em parte, o status de cidadão a esses jovens e recuperar a legitimidade, senão da policia, ao menos do Poder Judiciário nesse debate.
O DIREITO COMO MITO: A RAZÃO PUNITIVA E A INVENÇÃO DO DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL À SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
Authors: Boldt Raphael , Adeodato João Maurício
Published: November 2018

As premissas antropológicas iluministas evidenciaram uma imagem negativa do homem, resultando na conhecida formulação hobbesiana de que “o homem é o lobo do homem”. O direito moderno, em especial o direito penal, desempenham, assim, um papel importante na limitação e no controle da liberdade humana ameaçadora. A pesquisa assume a hipótese de que a racionalidade subjacente à justiça penal moderna se desvinculou da liberdade como fundamento primordial e tem instrumentalizado atualmente uma figura jurídica artificial denominada “direito fundamental à segurança pública” com a finalidade de legitimar a existência do sistema penal, que, sob a justificativa de proteger o cidadão da violência de outros cidadãos, produz a perda da própria liberdade.
A invalidade da reputação ilibada e da idoneidade moral: reflexões decoloniais
Authors: Fernandes Estevão Rafael , Ribeiro Igor Veloso
Published: November 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é discorrer sobre vivências não performatizadas dentro da cis-heteronormatividade euronorcêntrica hegemônica face à ausência de representatividades queer/transviadas em relevantes funções públicas no país, particularmente no Judiciário. Para o acesso a diversos cargos do Poder Judiciário e outras carreiras jurídicas, além de notório saber jurídico, é exigido pela norma constitucional brasileira, dentre outros requisitos, “reputação ilibada” e/ou "idoneidade moral" por parte do candidato - conceitos fluidos, de grande abstração, mas usados e entendidos pelo senso-comum (moral social/positivada) como pertencentes àquela pessoa enquadrada em padrões morais normatizados. Entendemos esta moral social como fruto de um processo colonial, refletindo processos de colonialidade, dado que a noção de “moral e bons costumes” reforça estereótipos de gênero, família, corporalidade, comportamento e moralidade normalizados conforme valores modernos (e, portanto, euronorcentrados, binários e cristãos). Perspectivas decoloniais permitem um exercício de reflexão crítica sobre a constituição e consolidação tanto das noções de reputação ilibada como a idoneidade moral. Ao final, demonstramos que a “reputação ilibada” e "idoneidade moral", como dispositivos morais constitucionais são esvaziados ao serem lidos em conformidade com os princípios liberais subjacentes de Direitos Humanos.
Apresentação - Dossiê - O sistema de direitos e o desenvolvimento da justiça na Amazônia Ocidental
Authors: Jacarandá Rodolfo De Freitas , Xavier Delson Fernando Barcellos
Published: November 2018

O sistema de justiça acabou se tornando nos últimos anos um grande catalisador de discussões e problemas sociais, recebendo demandas individuais e coletivas que discutem graves questões socioambientais, desenvolvimentistas, político-criminais, de defesa nacional, dentre outras. São esses alguns dos temas a serem abordados no Dossiê “O sistema de direitos e o desenvolvimento da justiça na Amazônia Ocidental”.Os artigos debatem temas de suma importância para atualizar as investigações sobre o problema da efetividade da proteção jurídica e social dos direitos humanos e do patrimônio socioambiental amazônico brasileiro, colocando em foco o comportamento das instituições do sistema de justiça, com uma visão interdisciplinar, voltada para a preocupação constante com a solução de problemas que a cada dia assumem um caráter cada vez mais emergencial.
Effect of Nylon-6 Concentration on the Properties of Hot Melt Adhesive Synthesized using Dimer Acid and Ethylenediamine
Authors: G. KADAM PRAVIN , T. MHASKE SHASHANK
Published: November 2018

Hot melt adhesive synthesized using polymerized fatty acid (PFA) (composition: ~1% trilinoleic acid, ~97% dilinoleic acid and ~2% linoleic acid) and ethylenediamine was blended with nylon-6, in-situ during the synthesis process to improve its performance properties. Nylon-6 was added in concentrations as 5, 10, 15 and 20 phr in the hot melt adhesive. The prepared blends were characterized for thermal (melting temperature, crystallization temperature, enthalpy of melting and enthalpy of crystallization), mechanical (tensile strength, tensile modulus, stiffness, percentage elongation at break and hardness), adhesion (lap shear strength and T-peel strength) and rheological properties. It was found that the viscosity, tensile strength, tensile modulus, stiffness, hardness, melting temperature, enthalpy of melting, crystallization temperature and enthalpy of crystallization increased with increase in concentration of nylon-6 in the hot melt adhesive. But lap shear strength and T-peel strength increased up to 10 phr concentration of nylon-6 above which both started decreasing. Percentage elongation at break decreased with increase in concentration of nylon-6 in the hot melt adhesive. Hot melt adhesive molecules must have oriented themselves about nylon-6, increasing its crystallinity, and thus the strength of the adhesive.
Treatment of non-idiopathic clubfeet with the Ponseti method: A systematic review
Authors: De Mulder T. , Prinsen S. , Van Campenhout A.
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Although non-idiopathic clubfeet were long thought to be resistant to non-surgical treatment methods, more studies documenting results on treatment of these feet with the Ponseti method are being published. The goal of this systematic review is to summarize current evidence on treatment of non-idiopathic clubfeet using the Ponseti method.

Methods

PubMed and Limo were searched, reference lists of eligible studies were screened and studies that met the inclusion criteria were included. Data on average number of casts, Achilles tendon tenotomy (ATT), initial correction, recurrence, successful treatment at final follow-up and complications were pooled. The Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies was used to assess the methodological quality of the selected studies.

Results

In all, 11 studies were included, yielding a total of 374 non-idiopathic and 801 idiopathic clubfeet. Non-idiopathic clubfeet required more casts (7.2 versus 5.4) and had a higher rate of ATT (89.4% versus 75.7%). Furthermore, these feet had a higher recurrence rate (43.3% versus 11.5%) and a lower rate of successful treatment at final follow-up (69.3% versus 95.0%). Complications were found in 20.3% of the non-idiopathic cohort. When comparing results between clubfeet associated with myelomeningocele and arthrogryposis, the first group presented with a lower number of casts (5.4 versus 7.2) and a higher rate of successful treatment at final follow-up (81.8% versus 58.2%).

Conclusion

The Ponseti method is a valuable and non-invasive option in the primary treatment of non-idiopathic clubfeet in young children. Studies with longer follow-up are necessary to evaluate its long-term effect.

Level of Evidence

Level III – systematic review of Level-III studies. This work meets the requirements of the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses).
Methods of Vector Control for Induction Motors
Authors: Varga László , Kuczmann Miklós
Published: November 2018

This paper presents the electrical and mathematical models of the three phase asynchronous motors along with the introduction of the field-oriented control model as well as the vector transformations needed for the introduction of the above mentioned terms. The objective of the present paper is to introduce the space vectors and how to build the field-oriented control for a given induction motor drive as well as the transformations and the modell of field oriented control.
Study of calcined eggshell as potential catalyst for biodiesel formation using used cooking oil
Authors: Wong Y.C. , Ang R.X.
Published: November 2018

Eggshells were utilized as a cost effective catalyst to assist in biodiesel formation. Eggshells were calcined using different calcination conditions such as temperature and time. The eggshells underwent calcination under 1000 °C in which calcium carbonate was completely converted into calcium oxide under open air conditions. The calcined eggshell catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Then the eggshell derived CaO catalyst was subjected to transesterification of used cooking oil (UCO). The parametrics in the transesterification of used cooking oil such as a methanol to oil ratio, weight of catalyst and reaction temperature were evaluated. The optimum result exhibited a 4:1 methanol to oil ratio, 2wt % catalyst, and a 65 °C reaction temperature within two hours. Pure calcined CaO acted as the control of the experiment that was subject to the most optimum eggshell derived catalyst transesterification conditions. The catalytic activity for both the pure calcined CaO and the calcined eggshell derived catalyst were comparable. The biodiesel formation was identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS).