bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Political and Legal Aspects of The Israeli and Palestinian Conflict
Authors: Abdurofiq Atep , Putra Gilang Rizki Aji
Published: May 2024

This article begins by outlining several legal dimensions in the history of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, focusing on the territorial dimension of the conflict. Then it continues by examining several legal issues that arise as a result of Israel's exit from the Gaza Strip. In particular the article outlines two legal issues. First, it offers several observations regarding the legal status of public statements made in connection with the Disengagement Plan. Second, commenting on the international issue of responsibility for the Gaza Strip after Israel's disengagement.Keywords: Politics of law; Israeli-Palestinian conflict; Dimensions
Management of Cardiovascular Risk in the Non‑alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Setting
Authors: Luque-Linero Paula , Castilla-Guerra Luis
Published: May 2024

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an overlooked and undetected pathology, which affects more than 32% of adults worldwide. NAFLD is becoming more common in Western industrialised countries, particularly in patients with central obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia and metabolic syndrome. Although NAFLD has traditionally been interpreted as a liver disease with a high risk of liver-related complications, NAFLD is an underappreciated and independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which is the principal cause of death in patients with NAFLD. Treatment options to counteract both the progression and development of cardiovascular disease and NAFLD include lifestyle interventions, such as weight loss, increased physical activity and dietary modification, and optimal medical therapy of comorbid conditions; nevertheless, further studies are needed to define optimal treatment strategies for the prevention of both hepatic and cardiovascular complications of NAFLD.
Navigating the Link Between Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Cardiometabolic Syndrome
Authors: Gato Sheila , García-Fernández Vanessa , Gil-Gómez Antonio , Rojas Ángela , Montero-Vallejo Rocío , Muñoz-Hernández Rocío , Romero-Gómez Manuel
Published: May 2024

The global prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is nearly 25% and is increasing rapidly. The spectrum of liver damage in NAFLD ranges from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, characterised by the presence of lobular inflammation and hepatocyte ballooning degeneration, with or without fibrosis, which can further develop into cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Not only is NAFLD a progressive liver disease, but numerous pieces of evidence also point to extrahepatic consequences. Accumulating evidence suggests that patients with NAFLD are also at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD); in fact, CVDs are the most common cause of mortality in patients with NAFLD. Obesity, type 2 diabetes and higher levels of LDL are common risk factors in both NAFLD and CVD; however, how NAFLD affects the development and progression of CVD remains elusive. In this review, we comprehensively summarise current data on the key extrahepatic manifestations of NAFLD, emphasising the possible link between NAFLD and CVD, including the role of proprotein convertase substilisin/kenin type 9, extracellular vesicles, microbiota, and genetic factors.
Phytochemical analysis of Aronia melanocarpa and ×Sorbaronia fallax fruit
Authors: Mezhenskyj V. M. , Shevchuk L. M. , Kovalchuk S. P. , Havryliuk O. S. , Levchuk L. M. , Babenko S. M. , Vintskovska Y. Y.
Published: May 2024

Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott, ×Sorbaronia fallax (C. K. Schneid.) C. K. Schneid. nothosubsp. fallax, and ×Sorbaronia fallax nothosubsp. mitschurinii (A. Skvortsov & Maitul.) A.Stalažs, belonging to the Rosaceae family, are grown as fruit plants. They are known to horticulturists as garden chokeberry or black chokeberry. The fruit of these species is the richest source of biophenols in the plant kingdom and suitable raw material for the production of functional foods with high nutraceutical value. The work aimed to examine the basic and polyphenolic composition of fruit chokeberry and rowan-chokeberry hybrids of different taxonomic groups. Experimental plants were grown at the orchard of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine in the Kyiv region. Fruit of 10 cultivars developed in Belorussia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, Ukraine, and the USA were collected during 2020 and 2021. The fruit was analyzed for dry matter, soluble solids, sugars, pectin substances, organic titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, and biophenols. Chokeberry fruit contains on average 24.4–29.2% dry matter, 16.0–21.1% soluble solids, 6.5–8.9% sugars, 0.40–0.80% pectin, and 0.95–2.15% organic acids on raw material. Bioactive components of chokeberry fruit are ascorbic acid (24.7–45.9 mg/100 g), total polyphenols (998–4840 mg/100 g), including anthocyanidins (9–217 mg/100 g), flavonoids (23–1422 mg/100 g), and chalcones (9–59 mg/100 g). If the group ×S. fallax nothosubsp. mitschurinii cultivars is morphologically constant and like A. melanocarpa simple in leaf shape, then the group ×S. fallax nothosubsp. fallax cultivars was different in the morphology of leaves from lobate to pinnate and fruit color from purple to black in the study. Chokeberry fruit composition varied between each year and especially between taxonomic groups and cultivars. Fruit harvested in 2021 had the lowest dry matter, soluble solid, sugars, and ascorbic acid in comparison with 2020. In contrast, titrated acidity was consistent between years. The fruit of garden chokeberries is a good source of ascorbic acid. ×S. fallax cultivars with the exception ‘Titan’ are richer on ascorbic acid. The fruit of A. melanocarpa ‘Dwarf’ has the highest content of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and chalcones. There are significant differences between ×S. mitschurinii cultivars in biochemical content. Purple-fruited ‘Titan’ has the lowest content of all biologically active substances, than other cultivars belonging to the same ×S. fallax taxonomic group. The black-fruited ×S. fallax nothosubsp. fallax genotypes, including the first chokeberry cultivar ‘Vseslava’ of Ukrainian breeding, often have a high or the highest content of ascorbic acid, total polyphenols, anthocyanidins, flavonoids, and chalcones, which is valuable for garden chokeberry breeding.
Morphological features of the causative agent of chorioptic mange isolated from cattle
Authors: Melnychuk V. , Kovalenko S. , Yevstafieva V. , Korchan L. , Kone M. , Titarenko O. , Nikiforova O.
Published: May 2024

Providing veterinary care against parasitic diseases is one of the factors that affect the possibility of effective and profitable introduction of the livestock sector. Chorioptic mange is one of the globally spread invasive diseases of cattle caused by persistent ectoparasites. The diagnosis of chorioptosis is based on the microscopic detection of mites in scrapings from the skin of the affected animal with mandatory identification of the parasites. The aim of the research was to investigate the morphological features and metric parameters of Chorioptes mites isolated from cattle. Mites isolated from cattle were morphometrically identified as Chorioptes texanus. Morphological features of male Ch. texanus mites include peculiarities in the structure of the opisthosomal lobes and of the setae located on the opisthosomal lobes, opisthosoma and tarsus of leg III. 14 morphometric parameters characterizing the general structure of the body (length, width and their ratio, length and width of the gnathosoma, length of the idiosoma, proterosoma, podosoma, propodosoma, metapodosoma, hysterosoma, opisthosoma, length and width of the propodosomal shield) were identified and suggested for use in identification of male and female Ch. texanus. In male mites of this species, 5 additional parameters were also determined, which describe the length and width of the opisthomal lobes, their ratio, the diameter of the adanal suckers and the distance between them. The morphological features, location and length of 6 setae, which are species-specific in Chorioptes mites, namely 4 setae of the opisthosomal lobe, 1 opisthosomal seta, 1 ventral seta of tarsus III, were described. The parameters of Ch. texanus eggs in the bodies of female mites and on the body of the host animal were determined. The scientific data obtained in this study expand the already existing data on the differential identification of Ch. texanus mites and proves their parasitism in cattle on the territory of Ukraine.
Obtaining morphometric standards of drone wings of separate populations of honey bees (Apis mellifera) in Ukraine
Authors: Galatiuk O. Y. , Zastulka M. V. , Cherevatov V. F. , Yarovets V. I. , Egoshin L. R.
Published: May 2024

Today, there are no systematic studies on the wing phenotypes of drone populations of the honeybee widespread in Ukraine. Considering that drone genomes are haploid, this allows one to establish the correspondence between the phenotype and the drone genome, thereby roughly determining the queen's genome in the part responsible for the wing phenotype. This partially compensates for the lack of resources among domestic scientists to conduct genetic research on bees. The aim of the study was to examine the wings of drones from several apiaries in the Kharkiv, Sumy, Poltava, and Zhytomyr regions, identify typical phenotypes, and attempt their taxonomic identification. Using discriminant analysis, 4640 drone wings were classified into three clusters. A two-step scheme for forming significantly different phenotype clusters of wings was proposed. Initially, based on the similarity of Euclidean distances and Mahalanobis distances (<2.6) between clusters, three groups were obtained, which, for refinement, underwent a second classification. As a result, average values and confidence intervals of eight morphometric traits were established: Ci, Dbi, Disc.sh, Pci, Ri, Ci.3, Ci.2.1, Ci.2.2 for the three wing groups. It is suggested to accept the trait values of these groups as reference data: one as a local population of the A. m. carnica subspecies, and the other two as regional standards for Ukrainian bees. Based on the obtained standards, a significant presence of A. m. carnica subspecies bees was established in all studied apiaries, except for the apiary with the status of a breeding ground for Ukrainian steppe bees (Kuzemin village, Sumy region), where such presence is minimal. This fact indicates the need for special measures to reproduce and expand the ranges of existence of local populations of Ukrainian steppe bees. The example of creating local and regional morphometric standards provided in this work is specifically designed to address this issue.
Parameters of oxidative, nitrasive and anti-oxidative status in men with erectile dys-function due to combat trauma
Authors: Onufrovych O. K. , Fafula R. V. , Vorobets M. Z. , Besedina A. S. , Melnyk O. V. , Vorobets D. Z. , Vorobets Z. D.
Published: May 2024

The development of oxidative and nitrative stress and the processes of free radical oxidation are associated with many pathological processes. Damage of any origin leads to the activation of free radical processes not only in the place of damage, but also in the whole organism. The aim of the study is to assess the state of lipid peroxidation, content of GSH and GSSG and the activity of NO-synthase and arginase in lymphocytes and peripheral blood serum in men with erectile dysfunction due to combat trauma. The research was conducted on peripheral blood lymphocytes of men injured as a result of combat operations (shrapnel and bullet wounds) in the Russian-Ukrainian war, and who were treated at the Military Medical Clinical Center of the Western Region (Lviv, Ukraine). The research group of men with combat injuries was divided into two age groups: men aged 20–39 years and men aged 40–53 years. The MDA content in the blood serum of patients of both age groups was 1.35 times higher than in the control group. In peripheral blood lymphocytes, the MDA content in patients of the young age group was 1.27, and in patients of the middle age group in 1.39 times higher than in the control group. Simultaneously, no significant changes in the concentration of oxidized glutathione in blood serum and blood lymphocytes were found between men with erectile dysfunction due to combat trauma and healthy men. GSH content in blood serum in patients of both age groups was significantly lower than in the control group. The arginase/NOS ratio in blood serum was 9.75 times lower in the young age group and in 20.45 times lower in the middle age group compared to healthy men. It was established that in the blood serum and blood lymphocytes of men with erectile dysfunction due to combat trauma, processes of lipid peroxidation were intensified and the GSH level was reduced. The GSH/GSSG ratio was reduced only in blood serum. It was found that the oxidative stress is associated with development of nitrative stress. The arginase/NOS ratio was shifted towards increased NOS activity. Activation of iNOS was accompanied by significant inhibition of cNOS. Further study of biochemical mechanisms is important to understand the triggers of erectile dysfunction due to combat trauma.
Pathomorphological changes in laboratory animals exposed to lethal doses of disinfec-tants
Authors: Paliy A. P. , Kovalenko L. V. , Rodionova K. O. , Pavlichenko O. V. , Кhimych M. S. , Balta M. P.
Published: May 2024

The use of disinfectants is a crucial aspect of preventive and health improvement measures for infectious diseases in farm and domestic animals. Regulatory documents require the determination of toxicity to macroorganisms, including the establishment of lethal doses and toxicity groups, during the development and registration of antimicrobial agents. This study aimed to investigate the histological changes in the internal organs of laboratory animals when determining lethal doses of innovative disinfectants. The experiments used domestic disinfectants containing glutaraldehyde as the active ingredient. Histological studies were conducted on the internal organs (kidney, liver, stomach, intestines, and spleen) of 75 laboratory animals using an Axioskop 40/40FL microscope (Carl Zeiss, Germany) with video microscopic photography. The methods used were under current standards. Hemodynamic disorders were observed in the renal tissue under the influence of lethal doses of aldehyde disinfectants. These disorders were characterized by capillary dilation and blood filling. Glomerular capillary dilation and overflow with blood cells were also detected. Additionally, stasis was observed in the lumen of the microcirculatory vessels throughout the entire length. The examination of histological sections from animal liver samples revealed a significant expansion of Dissé spaces, variations in the size of hepatocyte nuclei, beam decomposition and fragmentation, small acute perivascular hemorrhages, leukostasis in sinusoids, and hemodynamic disorders. The structure of the organ's beams was also disturbed, and a significant number of venous vessels were dilated and excessively filled with blood cells. Minor changes were detected in the stomach, including desquamation of the epithelial cells of the glands and their exfoliation into the gastric lumen, as well as circulatory disorders. Epithelial desquamation, blood vessel dilation, and signs of connective tissue edema were observed in the intestine. The kidneys exhibited signs of acute venous hemorrhage and stasis in vessels of various calibers, with the development of small acute parenchymal hemorrhages and localized lymphoid cell death in the white pulp. The prospect of further research is to investigate the histomorphological changes in the internal organs of laboratory animals when exposed to modern complex disinfectants with different active ingredients.
Morphological evaluation of the effectiveness of the “Icon” resin infiltration method in acute and chronic superficial dental caries
Authors: Gevkaliuk N. O. , Bandrivsky Y. L. , Pynda M. Y. , Pudiak V. Y. , Krupei V. Y. , Karnkivskyi A. Y.
Published: May 2024

The article presents the results of electron microscopy of 52 teeth with acute and chronic initial caries infiltrated with “Icon” material (DMG, Germany). According to the results of the study, in acute initial dental caries (white spot stage), the infiltrate filled almost the entire volume of the pathological focus (81.8 ± 6.7% of cases). The technique of infiltration by replacing the lost mineral with a low-viscosity light-curing resin creates a barrier inside the carious lesion. Minimally invasive approaches, including the enamel infiltration technique, can be used for caries in the white spot stage for therapeutic-prophylactic purposes. However, in the case of chronic initial caries (pigmented spot stage), the infiltrate does not infiltrate the entire depth of the lesion. In 79.0 ± 9.4% of the teeth of this group, non-infiltrated areas of carious lesions were localized within the surface layers of dentin. Extrapolating the results obtained to the clinic, we can assume that the infiltration of initial caries at the stage of a pigmented spot does not ensure the stabilization of the carious process. Clinical recommendation of the low-viscosity resin infiltration technique requires evidence that requires long-term clinical observations.
A pilot study on the impact of parenteral vaccination of free-roaming dogs within the rabies control framework in Ukraine
Authors: Makovska I. F. , Tsarenko T. M. , Cliquet F. , Dhaka P. , Korniienko L. Y. , Tabakovski B. , Chantziaras I. , Dewulf J.
Published: May 2024

This pioneering study is prompted by the imperative to enhance our understanding of a constituent within Ukraine's rabies control strategy, specifically focusing on the vaccination of free-roaming canines against rabies with a local vaccine in certain endemic rabies areas. The cross-sectional study encompassed the capture, sterilization, deworming, and rabies vaccination processes in 160 free-roaming dogs, followed by the collection of blood samples to examine RABV-specific neutralising antibodies in 16 dogs (10% of the vaccinated population), captured from sectors (territories) with a higher density of population and with higher density of previously vaccinated free-roaming dogs. Half of the targeted samples comprised males (n = 8), while the remaining half consisted of females (n = 8). The median of virus-neutralising antibody level was 0.58 IU/mL, with a minimum protective threshold of 0.5 IU/mL. Antibody titers below the 0.5 IU/mL threshold were detected in 25.0% (2/8) of the male group, and in 62.5% (5/8) of the female group. Notably, male dogs exhibited a higher median antibody level of 0.66 IU/mL, compared to females, who presented a median level of 0.26 IU/mL. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the male and female groups (P = 0.36). In general, more than half of the tested population (56.3%) exceeded the 0.5 IU/mL protective threshold 4 months post-vaccination. The inadequate levels of antibodies neutralizing the rabies virus are likely a result of a confluence of factors, including stressors such as nutritional and temperature-related challenges, along with variations in the responses of individual immune systems. Considering the endemic rabies situation and large population of free-roaming dogs in Ukraine, we suggest repeated vaccination for free-roaming dogs against rabies one year after the previous vaccination. In perspective, we suggest conducting large-scale epidemiological studies to assess the impact of animal-related, vaccine-related, and environment-related parameters on the efficacy of rabies vaccines used in Ukraine.
ЗЕЛЕНІ ВОДОРОСТІ: ФОКУС НА НОВАЦІЇ, ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНІСТЬ ТА НАТУРАЛЬНІСТЬ
Authors: Пешук Людмила В. , Приходько Дар'я Ю. , Кожемяка Ольга В. , Петренко Світлана О.
Published: May 2024

На сьогоднішній день загострюється необхідність у досліджені природніх ресурсів та впровадженні їх у харчову індустрію. На це впливає стрімке збільшення чисельності населення, погіршення якості харчової сировини та нестача в ній мікронутрієнтів. Обізнаність споживачів щодо якості раціону та прихильників здорового способу життя вказує на потребу розробки продуктів харчування нового покоління. Завдяки високій харчовій цінності, зниженому впливу на навколишнє середовище та економічній стійкості, мікроводорості як функціональні інгредієнти використовуються для покращення характеристик широкого спектру харчових продуктів. Поєднання різних форм біомаси водоростей з традиційними продуктами харчування дозволить не тільки розширити виробництво зовсім нових продуктів, а й залучити до технологічного процесу новий для України сегмент сировини, який є звичним для країн Сходу та Європи. Комерційний та промисловий інтерес до цих організмів набирає обертів в багатьох країнах світу. Виробники продуктів та напоїв розширюють використання мікроводоростей в харчовій індустрії для задоволення попиту споживачів у органічних продуктах, пристосованих до нових дієт та харчових звичок населення світу. Зелені мікроводорості користуються найбільшою популярністю в якості інгредієнтів та біологічно активних добавок. Їх збалансований амінокислотний склад, багатий вміст вітамінів, макро- мікроелементів, жирних кислот, пігментів надає цим мікроорганізмам переваг щодо заповнення дефіциту організму в есенціальних речовинах. Це підкреслює важливість проведення досліджень, впровадження розробок та інновацій щодо вживання мікроводоростей суспільством.
Epistemologia essencialista e (anti)feminismos transexcludentes
Authors: Marsicano Ana Carolina de Oliveira , Tesser Tabata Pastore
Published: May 2024

O artigo analisa a crescente circulação do discurso transexcludente no campo da esquerda brasileira na esfera das redes sociais. Esse feminismo, epistemicamente marcado por uma perspectiva essencialista e biologizante, recorre ora ao argumento da materialidade do corpo da mulher, partindo da experiência designada do sexo biológico (natureza) em contraposição à noção de identidade de gênero (cultura), afirmando o risco do apagamento das reinvindicações das mulheres e sua necessidade direcionada à mulher cisgênera. Partindo de três casos que ganharam repercussão nas redes sociais no período entre 2022 e 2023, apresentamos tais controvérsias. A hipótese que defendemos é que existe o compartilhamento de uma matriz-narrativa essencialista e transexcludente sobre o gênero, tanto por segmentos feministas, quanto da direita no campo societário, gerando um sistema de retroalimentação entre espectros políticos que não reconhecem outras identidades para além da cisheteronormativa.
The prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder and the acceptance of cosmetic surgery in a nonclinical sample of Hungarian adults
Authors: Szászi Beáta , Szabó Pál
Published: May 2024

Background: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a common, often undiagnosed, serious condition. The relationship between body dysmorphic disorder and cosmetic surgery is rather complex, as many patients with body dysmorphic disorder search for cosmetic solutions for the imagined defect in appearance. Aims: To assess the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder and its relationship to the acceptance and use of cosmetic services and body-related variables among Hungarian adults. Methods: Body weight and height, body satisfaction, health state, aesthetic intervention-related experiences, and plans were assessed by a self-report online questionnaire that included the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire and the Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale. Six hundred three subjects (94% women, n = 567, 6% men, n = 36, age M = 40.16 years, SD = 13.32 years) joined the research on a social media platform. Results: The prevalence of BDD is 8.1% (n = 49), 8.1% (n = 46) in women, and 8.3% (n = 3) in men. The BDD-positive group had higher BMI (U = 9641.5, p = 0.028), more plastic surgeries (χ2(1) = 19.682 , p = 0.012), and more acceptance of cosmetic surgery (U = 6664, p < 0.001). The risk of BDD is significantly higher in those who have a lower education (OR = 0.424, p = 0.031), accept cosmetic surgery (OR = 1.031, p = 0.025), plan plastic surgery (OR = 0.351, p = 0.027) and are more dissatisfied with their body (OR = 0.397, p < 0.001). Consideration of cosmetic surgery (U = 7433, p = 0.006) and planning for future plastic surgeries χ2(1) = 7.943, p = 0.019) are more frequent in females. Sixty-six women (11.6%) have already had some intervention, 26.4% plan, and 10.4% probably plan cosmetic surgery, while these data are 11.1%, 8.3% and 5.6% in males. These symptoms occur more frequently among women according to Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire: avoidance behavior (33.9% vs. 16.7%, χ2(1) = 4.539, p = 0.033), significant mental suffering caused by the perceived flaw(s) (29.8% vs. 13.9%, χ2(1) = 4.178, p = 0.041). The Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale total score has a significant positive relationship with BDD caseness (β = 0.100, p = 0.011) and the number of blepharoplasties (β = 0.111, p = 0.005) and significant negative relationship with the planning of cosmetic surgery (β = –0.491, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder is high in this non-clinical, unselected Hungarian sample. The risk for body dysmorphic disorder is higher in those interested in cosmetic services; screening for this body image disorder is necessary.
Spheres over fields, their entire rational maps and applications
Authors: Golasinski Marek
Published: May 2024

The paper summarizes some results on algebraic geometry presence in the homotopy theory. For the homotopy group πm(Sn), denote by πalgm(Sn) its subset of homotopy classes represented by ℝ-entire rational maps Sm→Sn of spheres. The main result of this paper concerns to the study of πn+kalg(Sn) for k=0,...,7.
Comparative Muscle Physiology of Ringed (Pusa hispida), Bearded (Erignathus barbatus), and Spotted (Phoca largha) Seals from the Bering and Chukchi Seas
Authors: Tengler Mariah L. , Dearolf Jennifer , Bryan Anna L. , Reichmuth Colleen , Thometz Nicole M.
Published: May 2024

The physiological properties of marine mammal skeletal muscle are foundational in defining diving and foraging capacities. Further, these parameters can be useful when assessing the behavioral flexibility of species faced with environmental change or disturbance. Herein, we define species- and age-specific muscle physiology for three ice-associated seal species experiencing Arctic warming. Specifically, we evaluated myoglobin content ([Mb]), nonbicarbonate buffering capacity (β), and fiber type profiles of a major locomotor muscle, the longissimus dorsi. Muscle samples were obtained from subsistence harvested ringed (Pusa hispida; n = 11), bearded (Erignathus barbatus; n = 41), and spotted (Phoca largha; n = 12) seals of all ages in the Bering and Chukchi Seas. Adult ringed seals had the highest [Mb] (6.67 ± 0.20 g 100 g wet tissue-1), followed by spotted (5.38 ± 0.29 g 100 g wet tissue-1) and bearded (4.55 ± 0.07 g 100 g wet tissue-1) seals. [Mb] increased with age for all species, but rates of increase differed by species. In contrast, β was similar for all species and age classes. We documented higher proportions of fast-twitch relative to slow-twitch fibers in these species, and fiber type proportions did not differ significantly with age. Adult bearded seals exhibited the greatest proportion of fast-twitch fibers (68.7 ± 1.5%), followed by ringed (59.0 ± 4.8%) and spotted (55.1 ± 2.1%) seals. Overall, our data suggest a strong link between muscle physiology, diving behavior, and life history strategies, and provide insight into the physiological capacities of these potentially vulnerable species.
Foraging Segregation Between Adult Female Northern Elephant Seals (Mirounga angustirostris) from Guadalupe Island and the San Benito Archipelago, Mexico
Authors: Cruz-Vallejo Romyna A. , Elorriaga-Verplancken Fernando R. , Enríquez-García Arturo B. , Rodríguez-Rafael Eunice D.
Published: May 2024

Female northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) are migratory animals that form colonies along the coasts of California and the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico. A recent decline in abundance has been recorded in this species Mexican distribution, which is an important reason to investigate the different ecological processes operating in these colonies. The aim of this study was to determine values of stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) in pup fur as foraging maternal indicators. During the same breeding season (2015), pup fur samples were collected to investigate these foraging variations between the two major Mexican colonies—Guadalupe Island (GI) and the San Benito Archipelago (SBA). Isotopic areas were built using the ‘SIBER’ package in R, and a custom hierarchical Bayesian model was used to compare the values from both localities. Mean (± standard deviation [SD]) δ13C values for individuals from GI and the SBA were -16.9 ± 0.8‰ and -17.3 ± 0.4‰, respectively, while δ15N values were 17.4 ± 1.1‰ and 16.7 ± 1.1‰, respectively. The difference between the posterior means indicated a high probability (P > 99%) of GI having higher stable isotope ratio values than the SBA. For the posterior SDs, there were highly probable differences (P = 100%) only for δ13C, where GI had a higher dispersion. Such differences explained why GI presented a wider isotopic niche area than the SBA, indicating more diverse foraging habits along GI’s offshore-inshore gradient. Additionally, GI showed higher δ15N values than the SBA. Although this could be related to a slightly higher trophic position for GI individuals, the latitudinal effects of foraging grounds with distinct isotopic baselines remain a plausible explanation for the variations in both isotope ratios, suggesting that individuals from the SBA foraged in a more northerly location than those from GI. This study provides valuable knowledge about how females from both colonies partition resources, especially regarding habitat use.
Composition of Large Prey Species of Irrawaddy Dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) in the Mekong River: Implications for Conservation of the Prey Resources
Authors: Chen Minmin , Fang Liang , Li Xuequn , Saing Dara , Lian Yuxi , Zhang Ping , Zhang Kang , Yu Daoping
Published: May 2024

Information on the feeding habits of the critically endangered Irrawaddy dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris) in the Mekong River and how their diet overlaps with that of the species targeted by fisheries is limited. The information provided herein will be helpful for evaluating and protecting important dolphin food resources. The composition of large prey species of Irrawaddy dolphins and the extent of fish resources were surveyed in the Mekong River, Cambodia, using local ecological knowledge. The results showed that Irrawaddy dolphins fed on 13 species of large fish, with Pangasius conchophilus, Cyclocheilichthys enoplos, and Hemibagrus wyckii the most frequently consumed prey. Twelve of the 13 reported prey species were usually caught by fishers. The results also revealed that the average weight of fish caught daily by fishers was significantly lower in 2019 than about five years before that, regardless of the season. A significant decline in fish resources and a high overlap of dolphin diets with fishery target species indicate that Irrawaddy dolphins may also be threatened by prey depletion, especially during the dry season when dolphins are concentrated in deep pools.
Growth intentions of individual microentrepreneurs: Proposal of measurement
Authors: Cenci Jaci , Machado Hilka Pelizza Vier , Carvalho Carlos Eduardo
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Purpose: This research aims to validate two scales to measure growth intentions and respective inhibiting factors for individual microentrepreneurs (MEI). Originality/value: The study proposes scales to measure the growth intentions of MEI. It brings an instrument to analyze growth intentions and barriers to growth in a specific context that has not yet been explored. Design/methodology/approach: Two scales were constructed following Hair et al. (2019). They were validated with 134 MEI. Then, exploratory factor and reliability analyses were performed. Findings: The scales were validated and characterized as a multidimensional growth intentions scale consisting of the following dimensions: personal interest, social status, and family background. The growth intentions inhibiting factors scale is composed of the items: personal interest, market assessment, and financial resources. Both scales can be used in education programs and policies for MEI training. Further studies may explore the longitudinal character of growth intentions and focus on measuring growth intentions in segments of high growth potential.
DADOS ABERTOS NA PESQUISA EM EDUCAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS: PERSPECTIVAS, DESAFIOS E POSSIBILIDADES
Authors: Azevedo Nathália Helena , Mendonça Paula Cristina Cardoso
Published: May 2024

RESUMO: Neste editorial apresentamos as perspectivas de ciência aberta adotada pelo periódico dando destaque para as práticas de dados abertos e dados compartilhados. A disponibilização de dados de pesquisa pode aprimorar a transparência, a colaboração, a reprodutibilidade, a replicação, o reuso e o enriquecimento da produção científica no campo da Educação em Ciências. Por isso, neste editorial, trazemos novas perspectivas à temática com base em nossos aprendizados ao longo de 2023 na implementação de uma editoria de dados, a qual detalhamos o trabalho em um fluxograma. Além disso, abordamos algumas das possíveis implicações do compartilhamento ético de dados na área e relatamos alguns dos frutos das interações entre nossa equipe editorial, pessoas autoras e a comunidade acadêmica envolvida nas discussões sobre ciência aberta e sintetizamos os caminhos que temos trilhado nessa seara.
OPEN DATA IN SCIENCE EDUCATION RESEARCH: PERSPECTIVES, CHALLENGES, AND POSSIBILITIES
Authors: Azevedo Nathália Helena , Mendonça Paula Cristina Cardoso
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT: In this editorial, we present the open science perspectives adopted by the Ensaio journal, emphasizing open data practices and shared data. The availability of research data can improve transparency, collaboration, reproducibility, replication, reuse, and enrichment of scientific production in Science Education. We offer new perspectives on the topic based on our experiences throughout 2023 in implementing a Data Editorship, whose work we detail in a flowchart. Furthermore, we address some of the possible implications of ethical data sharing in the field and report on some of the outcomes of the interactions between our editorial team, authors, and the academic community involved in discussions on open science by summarizing the paths we have taken in this sphere.
Frugivorous flies (Diptera: Tephritidae; Lonchaeidae) associated with guava tree: species diversity, parasitoids and population fluctuation in the Espírito Santo state, Brazil
Authors: Martins David dos Santos , Fornazier Maurício Lorenção , Uramoto Keiko , Guimarães Jorge Anderson , Ferreira Paulo Sérgio Fiuza , Ventura José Aires , Guarçoni Rogério Carvalho , Culik Mark Paul , Zanuncio Junior José Salazar , Fornazier Maurício José
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT The commercial cultivation of guava tree (Psidium guajava L.) occurs in all Brazilian regions, where fruit flies cause direct losses to production and affect fresh fruit exports due to quarantine restrictions. This study aimed to determine the incidence, diversity and population fluctuations of frugivorous fly species that infest guava trees, as well as to survey their associated parasitoids, in the Espírito santo state, Brazil. Fruits and flies captured in traps were sampled in three guava-producing regions. Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.) was the main species associated with guava trees, particularly in the coastal region. Anastrepha chiclayae was recorded for the first time associated with guava trees in Brazil. Medfly was not considered an important species. Neosilba zadolicha was the most common Lonchaeidae species collected, but with low importance. Higher populations of frugivorous flies were found in hot and humid areas. Two population peaks of A. fraterculus were observed during October (spring) and from March to April (summer-autumn). Tephritid flies occurred in all surveyed regions, with higher infestations in the coastal area, followed by the northern and mountain regions, respectively. Doryctobracon areolatus and Aganaspis pelleranoi were the most common species of parasitoids; however, the natural biological control of frugivorous flies in guava trees was very low and had little impact on fruit fly populations.
Evaluation of integrated pest management modulation for mitigation of pesticide residues in mango
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Asif , Abbasi Asim , Naqqash Muhammad Nadir , Atta Bilal , Arshad Muhammad , Fatima Mariam
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT The increase of pesticide residues in food is extremely dangerous for humans. This research aimed to determine the concentrations of left-over pesticides residues on mangoes after they were exposed to pesticide residue mitigation modules (PRMM). Among these, four modules were used as candidate for integrated pest management approaches, while the fifth was traditional and served as a control. Residues of the lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, indoxacarb, imidacloprid, pyriproxyfen, acetamiprid, buprofezin and chlorpyrifos pesticides were assessed from mangoes taken from orchards. The QuEChERS technique was used to extract the residue samples and the GC-MS for their quantification. A significant increase in the percentage of contaminated samples was recorded during the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 growing seasons. Samples belonging to PRMM-I showed 16.67 % (2019-2020) and 25.29 % (2020-2021) of contamination over the control. The samples collected during 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 from PRMM-II showed, respectively, 58.13 and 53.13 % of contamination. During 2020-2021, 66.67 and 67.00 % of the samples were contaminated for PRMM-III and PRMM-IV, respectively. Recoveries ranged from 88.37 to 99.02 %, with 1.07 to 3.97 % relative standard deviation, for all samples, in both seasons. PRMM-IV showed a greater contamination than the other modules and the control.
Optimal plot size with conilon LB1 coffee tree clonal seedlings produced in tubes
Authors: Carrafa Militino Paiva , Morais Letícia Galvão , Schmildt Omar , Schmildt Edilson Romais
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT In experimental studies, achieving an optimal plot configuration holds significant importance. This study aimed to establish suitable experimental plot sizes for evaluating agronomic traits of clone LB1 conilon coffee seedlings grown in tubes. Both non-destructive and destructive traits were evaluated using seedlings obtained from a nursery, with each seedling allocated to basic experimental units. A completely randomized block design was used and various scenarios were generated based on combinations of treatments (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40), replicates (3, 4, 5, 6 and 7) and levels of experimental precision (10, 20, 30 and 40 %). Convenient plot size recommendations were obtained for clone LB1 conilon coffee seedlings grown in tubes.
Alternative sources of phosphorus in beet production aiming at the organic system
Authors: Pimenta Lucas Daniel , Cardoso Antonio Ismael Inacio , Sá Jolinda Mércia de
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT The demand for beet produced in the organic system has increased. This study aimed to evaluate the beet production with the use of different proportions of phosphorus sources. A randomized block design was used. The treatments were established in a 6 x 2 + 1 factorial arrangement, corresponding to 6 proportions of the phosphorus fertilizers Yoorin® thermophosphate (YT) and bone meal (BM) (100 % of P2O5 with YT; 80 % of P2O5 with YT + 20 % of P2O5 with BM; 60 % of P2O5 with YT + 40 % with BM; 40 % of P2O5 with YT + 60 % with BM; 20 % of P2O5 with YT + 80 % with BM; and 100 % of P2O5 with BM), 2 doses of P2O5 (180 - recommended - and 360 kg ha-1) and 1 control without these phosphorus fertilizers. The plant height, number of leaves, root and shoot fresh and dry weight, transverse and longitudinal root diameter and total root yield were evaluated. The recommended fertilizer dose resulted in higher values, when compared to twice the recommendation. The proportion of 0 % of thermophosphate and 100 % of bone meal provided the highest mean values for the evaluated parameters. High phosphorus doses showed to be harmful to beet production.
Direito, violência e movimentos sociais: reflexões a partir do caso do movimento pela remoção de estátuas
Authors: Batista Flávio Roberto , Cipollone Murilo Amadio , Amaral Lucas Oliveira Menditi do
Published: May 2024

Resumo Valendo-se do instrumental epistemológico do materialismo histórico dialético, consubstanciado na crítica da forma jurídica de Pachukanis, com a modalidade procedimental que lhe atribuiu Edelman, consistente em formular desenvolvimentos teóricos a partir da crítica imanente de decisões judiciais, o artigo investiga as relações entre direito e violência, especialmente à luz de sua incidência na atuação de movimentos sociais, a partir do estudo de caso da disputa judicial em torno da remoção da estátua de um general confederado na cidade de Richmond, Virginia. Ao final, conclui-se que, ainda quando o estado alberga o interesse de um movimento social crítico, como no caso em exame, o faz de forma a reafirmar os mecanismos de reprodução da forma jurídica que aprisiona os movimentos contestatórios e impede que avancem em direção à transformação do modo de produção.
Law, violence and social movements: reflections from the case of the movement for the removal of statues
Authors: Batista Flávio Roberto , Cipollone Murilo Amadio , Amaral Lucas Oliveira Menditi do
Published: May 2024

Abstract Using the epistemological instrument of historical and dialectical materialism, embodied in the critique of the legal form of Pachukanis, with the procedural modality attributed to it by Edelman, consisting of formulating theoretical developments from the immanent critique of judicial decisions, the article investigates the relations between law and violence, especially in light of its impact on social movements, from the case study of the legal dispute surrounding the removal of the statue of a Confederate general in the city of Richmond, Virginia. In the end, it is concluded that, even when the state welcomes the interest of a critical social movement, as in the case in question, it does so in order to reaffirm the mechanisms of reproduction of the legal form that imprisons the contesting movements and prevents them from advancing towards the transformation of the mode of production.
Transportation oriented to urban development
Authors: Mesentier Thales , Orrico Romulo
Published: May 2024

Abstract Transportation networks play a vital role in the development of cities and access to opportunities. Transportation planning, however, has yet to recognize its role in promoting inequalities. This work aims to discuss the concepts of centralization and accessibility and present a paradigm for planning transit networks based on the understanding that transit demand contains an endogenous component: by increasing accessibility, transit systems encourage part of the demand they seek to meet, leading to a circular causation cycle. It is proposed, then, that the planning of transit networks should be strongly associated with the discipline of urban planning, considering the existing demand and the design of the city that one wants to build.
Effectiveness of free public transport for the inclusion of older people (São Paulo)
Authors: Marè Renata , Gogliano Sobrinho Osvaldo , Malatesta Maria Ermelina Brosch
Published: May 2024

Abstract The aging of the world population intensifies discussions about the inadequacy of cities to meet the needs of older people. Free public transport is not enough to provide greater inclusion for this age group. This article aims to present reflections on the effectiveness of free public transport for the inclusion of older people in the city of São Paulo. Qualitative, exploratory research and a documentary survey were carried out. As a result, complementary items are suggested for the implementation of free public transport for older people, relating to public policies, infrastructure, transport systems, education, and incorporation of technologies. It is concluded that these suggestions contribute to the proposition of aspects to be addressed in future studies and the new Legal Framework for Collective Public Transport, aiming at more inclusive cities.
Sidewalks as places for socialization: urban equity for people with reduced mobility
Authors: Almeida Rafaela Aparecida de , Hardt Leticia Peret Antunes , Hardt Carlos
Published: May 2024

Abstract Given the reduction in the equity of uses and the guarantee of accessibility in cities, the general objective of the research is to evaluate the conditions of sidewalks for groups with reduced mobility, adopting road sections in the Centro neighborhood of Curitiba, Paraná, as study objects. With a multimethod, quali-quantitative, and exploratory structure, it was developed in four phases: local characterization, technical reading, perceptual analysis, and integrated evaluation. As responses to the investigative question about approximations and distances between practice and perception of these spaces, the results show the impossibility of confirming the guiding hypothesis that meeting specialized principles allows better perceptive qualifications, enhancing identification, belonging, and appropriation of sidewalks as places for socialization, not diagnosed in this case.
Where do women choose to walk? Female safety in public spaces
Authors: Lino Laís Regina , Kanashiro Milena
Published: May 2024

Abstract Women tend to regulate their activities and limit the use of public spaces to certain times of the day due to the perception of unsafety that acts as an integral part of their daily life. The objective of the research was to investigate objective and subjective factors related to walking from the perspective of female safety, through a case study conducted in the city of Londrina, State of Paraná. The tactics addressed were questionnaires and walking interviews to understand the socio-spatial factors that influence the choice and those that inhibit walking. The results indicate that the construction of "fear" occurs through reports from third parties and the media, while the main factor for "feeling safe" is related to the movement of people because, when there is such movement, women are seen.
População em situação de rua: comunicação e (des)informação no contexto da pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Oliveira Ana Maria Caldeira , Dantas Ana Carolina de Moraes Teixeira Vilela , Souza Anelise Andrade de , Marinho Rafaela Alves , Martins Ana Luísa Jorge , Paes-Sousa Rômulo
Published: May 2024

O estudo objetivou identificar os sentidos produzidos pela comunicação dirigida à população em situação de rua (PSR) durante a pandemia de Covid-19 na cidade de Belo Horizonte. Por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo, analisaram-se 48 entrevistas realizadas com a PSR; gestores e trabalhadores do Sistema Único de Saúde e do Sistema Único de Assistência Social; e representantes da Pastoral do Povo da Rua e da Defensoria Pública. Cinco temáticas identificadas respaldam os resultados e a discussão: pandemia e seu surgimento; fechamento da cidade e consequências para PSR; desinformação e reprodução de estigmas; desinformação e vacinação; e infodemia. Os resultados indicaram que a comunicação relacionada à pandemia foi considerada como fator de menor importância no planejamento público, ocasionando impacto negativo no enfrentamento social da doença. Destaca-se a importância de estratégias de comunicação públicas, inclusivas, dialógicas – com identificação e escuta dos grupos populacionais vulneráveis – e adaptadas às suas necessidades.