bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges and opportunities in evaluating programmes incorporating human-centred design: lessons learnt from the evaluation of Adolescents 360
Authors: Doyle Aoife M. , Mulhern Emma , Rosen James , Appleford Gabrielle , Atchison Christina , Bottomley Christian , Hargreaves James R. , Weinberger Michelle
Published: May 2019

Adolescents 360 (A360) is a four-year initiative (2016–2020) to increase 15-19-year-old girls’ use of modern contraception in Nigeria, Ethiopia and Tanzania. The innovative A360 approach is led by human-centred design (HCD), combined with social marketing, developmental neuroscience, public health, sociocultural anthropology and youth engagement ‘lenses’, and aims to create context-specific, youth-driven solutions that respond to the needs of adolescent girls. The A360 external evaluation includes a process evaluation, quasi-experimental outcome evaluation, and a cost-effectiveness study. We reflect on evaluation opportunities and challenges associated with measuring the application and impact of this novel HCD-led design approach.

For the process evaluation, participant observations were key to capturing the depth of the fast-paced, highly-iterative HCD process, and to understand decision-making within the design process. The evaluation team had to be flexible and align closely with the work plan of the implementers. The HCD process meant that key information such as intervention components, settings, and eligible populations were unclear and changed over outcome evaluation and cost-effectiveness protocol development. This resulted in a more time-consuming and resource-intensive study design process. As much time and resources went into the creation of a new design approach, separating one-off “creation” costs versus those costs associated with actually implementing the programme was challenging. Opportunities included the potential to inform programmatic decision-making in real-time to ensure that interventions adequately met the contextualized needs in targeted areas.

Robust evaluation of interventions designed using HCD, a promising and increasingly popular approach, is warranted yet challenging. Future HCD-based initiatives should consider a phased evaluation, focusing initially on programme theory refinement and process evaluation, and then, when the intervention program details are clearer, following with outcome evaluation and cost-effectiveness analysis. A phased approach would delay the availability of evaluation findings but would allow for a more appropriate and tailored evaluation design.
Emerging evidence on the scope and safety of physiotherapy prescribing practice in the UK
Authors: Paterson Ruth
Published: May 2019

Ruth Paterson provides an overview of recently published articles that may be of interest to non-medical prescribers. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided
Monoclonal antibodies in immunotherapy
Authors: Jefferis Roy
Published: May 2019

The bench-to-bedside ideal is being realised for both humoral and cellular immunotherapy. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are established in the clinic, but continuous development has resulted in progression from mouse/human chimeric to humanised, ‘fully’ human, antibody–drug conjugates, biosimilars and biobetter therapeutics. The objective has been to minimise their potential for immunogenicity and to elucidate and exploit their multiple mechanisms of action (MoA). However, exploitation of these advances within the NHS is limited due their high cost. Consequently, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) offers evidence-based recommendations for the availability of approved mAbs, and other ‘speciality drugs’ within the NHS; alternative avenues for funding may be available while the efficacy of such drug is being fully evaluated. More cost-effective treatment is being achieved through patient stratification following genome sequencing and identification of polymorphisms that predispose people to disease susceptibilities and their responses to particular drugs or combinations of therapeutics.
Creation of a primary care personal asthma action plan
Authors: Looms Rachel
Published: May 2019

National guidelines recommend that all patients with asthma are offered a personal asthma action plan (PAAP), which contains potentially lifesaving information should a patient experience a decline in symptoms. A PAAP was created for use within a primary care setting based on a review of currently available plans. It was based on a colour-coded system: green for when the patient feels well, amber for a decline in symptoms, and red for an asthma attack. It was designed to fit onto one side of A4 paper, with guidance for the patient to take a photograph of it with their mobile phone. The PAAP was only recently introduced into practice, so its impact on reducing asthma related complications or hospital admissions has not yet been reviewed.
PARACETAMOL
Authors: Rees Sharon
Published: May 2019

In this column, Sharon Rees aims to refresh knowledge and interest in some of the commonly used drugs in a series of Tweets. Starting with #paracetamol
Pseudomonas otitis: what nurses need to know — frequently asked questions
Authors: Paterson Sue
Published: May 2019

Ear disease is a common problem in primary care practice. A clear understanding of the underlying causes of disease, the need to recognise and treat infection effectively and reverse chronic change to the canal, are key to resolving disease and preventing recurrence. Although nurse's are not in a position to diagnose Pseudomonas infection in practice, it is important that they are aware of the aggressive, multiply resistant nature of the infection and the typical presenting signs of the disease. They can play an important role in the management of all otic disease but especially in Pseudomonas infection where owner compliance is often key to a successful outcome. Their input may be through a knowledge of taking and interpreting otic cytology or by giving advice to owners on the most effective way they can treat their pets through gentle cleaning and sympathetic choice of ear products.
Poisons affecting the blood
Authors: Bates Nicola
Published: May 2019

Blood circulates as a liquid containing cells and numerous chemicals; it functions to transport nutrients, chemicals, oxygen and waste products to and from cells, and is involved in defence and wound repair to tissues. Numerous toxic substances can disrupt the normal function of the blood through various mechanisms resulting in clinical signs of poisoning. Some of the substances that commonly cause adverse effects on the blood in companion animals are described. These include onions and related food plants which cause oxidative damage to red blood cells and the formation of Heinz bodies, and zinc which causes haemolytic anaemia. Haemoglobin is also subject to oxidative damage from paracetamol metabolites resulting in the formation of methaemoglobin which is non-functioning, resulting in tissue hypoxia. Disruption of the clotting cascade by anticoagulant rodenticides results in delayed-onset haemorrhage and the drug 5-fluorouracil disrupts the formation of blood cells causing bone marrow depression.
Beginners guide to cardiac pharmacology
Authors: Pace Charlotte
Published: May 2019

Drugs used to treat heart disease and heart failure are divided into categories depending on their mode of action. The three main groups are diuretics to remove excess fluid, positive inotropes to improve contractility, and neurohormonal inhibitors that prevent activation of compensatory mechanisms. Drugs used to treat arrhythmias are divided into those that target tachyarrhythmias, and those that act on bradyarrhythmias. All drugs used in cardiac patients can have adverse effects and so it is vital that veterinary nurses know how they work and how to monitor them.
Flipping through a magazine: The consumed and consuming ‘woman’ in contemporary Chinese art
Authors: Pittwood Linda Jean
Published: May 2019

The turn of the millennium marked China’s full engagement with globalized capitalism, the fulfilment of the contemporary turn in Chinese art and an increase in representations of women and female bodies in contemporary Chinese art. The ‘consumed and consuming’ body had arrived in China via, amongst other means, glossy fashion and lifestyle magazines. This article produces a comparative textual analysis of two artworks, the single-channel video installation Yue Jing Jing, (2002) by Chen Lingyang and the photographic installation Summer, (2009) by Yang Zhenzhong. Both artworks feature glossy women’s magazines. The two works will be compared in how they represent ‘women’, and the question asked, what do the differences in the artists’ treatment of the female body and glossy magazines suggest about gendered subjectivity?
The hypercultural universe of Chen Tianzhuo
Authors: Poelzl Petra
Published: May 2019

Chen Tianzhuo’s theatre performances, video installations and sculptures are infused with the iconographic vocabulary of divinities, ceremonies and rituals of a variety of cultures. His puzzling and immersive installations, surroundings and creatures question belief systems in the Post-Internet Era, mingling Buddhist cosmology and the visual language of corporate identities with the ecstasy of club nights at Berlin’s Berghain. The artist creates experiential spaces that are equipped with creatures that seem to be in a constant state of transformation, a state of in-betweenness.

Chen Tianzhuo is a master of sampling and his oeuvre is often labelled as queer, especially in a western context. As stated by scholars (Zhao, Engebretsen) when discussing the term queer in the context of China, this needs to be done in the complex and dynamic political and cultural context of the country. Chen Tianzhuo’s work discusses non-heteronormativity throughout the country’s history and how it has shaped what it means today, in the age of the Internet. Byung-Chul Han and his writings on hyperculturality seem to be an appropriate approach when reviewing Chen Tianzhuo’s oeuvre. Han claims that through forms of new media (particularly the Internet), the exchange of information and forms of expression are exponentially dispersed. He sees hyperculturality as the dissolving of previously defined cultural boundaries; celebrating the newfound freedom with which interconnected works can be passed through an unlimited network.

This article aims to investigate Chen Tianzhuo’s artistic practice, focusing on his stage performances An Atpyical Brain Damage and Ishvara, and zoom into the hypercultural universe he opens up to create queer, hybrid and often godlike figures and surroundings.
A retroatividade e a defesa dos direitos humanos
Authors: Moreira Adriano
Published: May 2019

Nuremberg foi juridicamente um corte com o passado jurídico, para defender o futuro da ética. Nesta entrada do incerto 2019 as violações dos direitos humanos, não sendo reprimidas, ameaçam o futuro. Por isso é necessário revisitar o espírito de Nuremberg.
Independência (s) numa era de interdependências: que impacto sobre o estatuto dos cidadãos da União Europeia?
Authors: Leitão F. Marina Azevedo , Valente Isabel Maria Freitas
Published: May 2019

A partir de uma investigação sobre o significado da palavra ‘secessão’ e de uma indagação de algumas das tensões que são inerentes à sua efetivação como prática e horizonte político emancipatório, propomo-nos refletir aqui sobre uma das principais questões envolvidas no debate europeu atual sobre tal fenómeno: qual o seu impacto no ‘estatuto dos cidadãos da União’? Embora se trate de uma reflexão teórica, o intuito é o de fornecer elementos que permitam acrescentar dimensões de inteligibilidade a esse mesmo debate.
A arquitetura institucional da União Europeia e a “crise”
Authors: Martins José António Teixeira
Published: May 2019

Este artigo elabora sobre o percurso institucional dos primórdios das Comunidades Europeias até aos nossos dias com o intuito de analisar se a perceção generalizada de um estado de “crise” permanente na Europa nos últimos 60 anos é verdadeira. Tentaremos verificar se tal fato tem algum sentido ou se se trata de perceções que usam apenas o termo, mas que, na sua essência, ficam desviadas do conceito atribuído à palavra “crise” e que deriva da palavra grega “krísi”. Em segundo lugar, abordamos a arquitetura institucional da construção e integração europeia, iniciada em 1951 com a CECA, com curso até ao presente com a atual União Europeia. Foram revisitados alguns dos mais marcantes episódios da construção de facto e a evolução daquela arquitetura – a atual União Europeia –, questionando a cada passo se cada um deles tinha adesão a uma eventual ’crise’ percebida na altura e cuja súmula das respostas dadas, com a relatividade de análise que a passagem do tempo nos permite agora comparar entre entre si numa lógica agregada, acabou por vir a dar força ao argumento final exposto na conclusão.
Recensão do nr. 18 da revista Debater a Europa “Relações Externas da UE a Leste”, coordenado por Maria Raquel Freire
Authors: Daehnhardt Patrícia
Published: May 2019

https://doi.org/10.14195/1647-6336_21_6
The Mineral Content and Sensory Properties of Injera Made from the Faba Bean, Sorghum and Tef Flour Blend
Authors: Mihrete Yimer
Published: May 2019

The effects of 55-70% teff (Eragrostis tef), 20-30% sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and 5-15% faba bean (Viciafaba) flours blending ratio and fermentation time (24, 48 and 72 h) with custom design on iron, zinc and calcium contents and sensory properties of injera were investigated using 100% teff injera as a control. The mixture of faba bean and sorghum with tef significantly increased the iron, zinc and calcium contents of the blended injera. High iron (22.66 mg/100 g), zinc (23.81 mg/100 g) and calcium (187.25 mg/100 g) contents were obtained from 55% tef, 30% sorghum and 15% faba bean blended injera fermented for 72 h. Sensory acceptability of all blended injera scored a mean rating well above the average, which is an indicative of the goodness as products. The most preferred injera by panelists was produced from tef flour combined with 20% sorghum and 10% faba bean flours fermented for 72 h.
Christians under Covers. Evangelicals and Sexual Pleasure on the Internet (K. Burke, 2016)
Authors: Wolff Benjamin
Published: May 2019

Recensé : Kelsy Burke, Christians under Covers. Evangelicals and Sexual Pleasure on the Internet, Oakland, University of California Press, 2016, 224 p.
Effect of Curing Conditions on Electrical Properties of Screen-Printed Fabric Antenna for UHF RFID Tags
Authors: Huating Tu , Jiyong Hu , Huan Bai , Hongyan Jiang , Hong Hong , Xin Ding , Xudong Yang , Xiong Yan
Published: May 2019

Curing conditions have great influence on electrical properties of screen-printed ultrahigh frequency (UHF) radio-frequency identification (RFID) fabric tags. In this study, the surface morphology, resistance, and impedance of screen-printed antennas under various curing conditions were observed and measured. The results show that the antenna resistance first decreased and then increased from 20 °C to 145 °C. The least resistance per unit length was 0.38 ± 0.02 Ω/cm, and impedance matching was optimal at 120 °C and 0.5 h. These results provide guidance for the screen-printing of conductive inks on fabric.
A Disarmament Program for Witches: The Prospective Politics of Antiwitchcraft, Postwarcraft, and Rebrandcraft in Sierra Leone
Authors: Anderson Samuel Mark
Published: May 2019

Descending on the capital city of Freetown a decade after Sierra Leone’s civil war, members of the Sierra Leone Indigenous Traditional Healers Union (SLITHU) unearthed countless “witch guns,” apprehended dozens of malevolent witches, and endeavored to rehabilitate culprits as productive citizen herbalists. The organization’s leader, President Field Marshal Alhaji Dr. Sulaiman Kabba, described these operations as a “disarmament program” for witches, discursively echoing postwar disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration programs previously imposed by the United Nations. Moreover, he dubbed SLITHU’s interventions “a rebranding effort,” appropriating pervasive marketing rhetorics. This article follows Kabba’s example by successively examining the disarmament campaign through the discourses of antiwitchcraft, postwarcraft, and rebrandcraft. A common logic underlying all three discourses hinges on a spectacular politics by prospection, exposing aspirations for social transformation but displacing the labor of change from leaders to their putative clients. The illusory effects of witch-finding, postwar reintegration, and rebranding epitomize models of contemporary neoliberal governance built on an unstable foundation of trust rather than material investment, leaving them vulnerable to devastating collapse.

Abstrakt

We dɛn bin de ɛnta di kapital siti Fritɔng tɛn ia afta di Salon sivul wa, memba dɛm na di Sierra Leone Indigenous Traditional Healers Union (SLITHU) pul wich gɔn dɛm, siz dɔzin pan dɛn wikɛd man wich dɛm ɛn tray fɔ cheng dɛm fɔ bi bɛtɛ sitizin ɛn abalist dɛm. Di ɔganayzeshɔn in lida, Prɛsidɛnt Fil Mashal Alhaji Dɔkta Sulaiman Kabba, diskrayb di ɔpreshɔn dɛm as “disamamɛnt program” fɔ wich dɛm. Dis in spich fala poswa disamamɛnt dimobilayzeshɔn ɛn rintigreshɔn program dɛm we di Yunaytɛd Nɛshɔn bin ɔblaj bifo. Fɔ ad pan dis, i bin kɔl SLITHU in intavɛnshɔn wan “ribrandin ɛfɔt” we i dɔn tek langwej frɔm global makitin. Dis atikul gɛt fɔ fala Kabba in kampen bay we ɔf pwel wich bisnɛs ɛn poswa biznɛs ɛn ribrand biznɛs wan-wan. Wan kɔmɔn lɔgic fɔseka ɔl tri diskɔshon ɛng pan spɛktakyula politiks fɔ fɛn prɔspɛkts ɛn so ɛkpos pipul dɛn aspireshɔn fɔ soshial transfɔmeshɔn yet disples di lebɔ fɔ cheng frɔm lida dɛm to dɛn wan dɛm we dipɛnd pan dɛm. Di fɔls ɛfɛkt dɛm fɔ fɛn wich, postwa rintigreshɔn ɛn ribrandin kin pruv modɛl dɛm fɔ kɔntɛmporari niolibral gɔvmɛnt bisnɛs we bil pan fawndeshɔn ɔf trɔst rada dan matirial invɛstmɛnt ɛn we de lɛf dɛm vɔnɔrebul to kolaps.
Pomoc demokratyzacyjna polskich organizacji pozarządowych skierowana do Białorusi i Ukrainy: przesłanki oraz różne formy wsparcia1
Authors: Pospieszna Paulina
Published: May 2019

Wspieranie demokracji, czyli szczególny rodzaj pomocy zagranicznej mający na celu promowanie idei i postaw demokratycznych, było dotychczas domeną demokracji zachodnich. Dlatego badania w dziedzinie wspierania demokracji zazwyczaj koncentrowały się na programach prowadzonych przez międzynarodowe organizacje, bądź rządowe i pozarządowe organizacje, fundacje ze Stanów Zjednoczonych, jak również z Europy Zachodniej. Jednakże niedawno do grona darczyńców dołączyły również młode demokracje z Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej takie jak Polska, Czechy, Słowacja bądź Węgry, które same tak niedawno były odbiorcami tego typu pomocy. Biorąc jako studium przypadku działania Polski na Ukrainie i Białorusi niniejszy artykuł analizuje działania polskich organizacji pozarządowych na rzecz wspierania demokracji w krajach partnerskich w latach 1990–2015. Celem badań było zbadanie przyczyn zaangażowania się polskich organizacji pozarządowych we wspieranie demokracji, metod promowania idei i postaw demokratycznych oraz charakteru współpracy ze społecznością obywatelską z krajów partnerskich.
Kontekst geopolityczny kryzysu na Ukrainie (2013–2014) i zaangażowanie władz polskich w jego rozwiązanie
Authors: Olszyk Sabina
Published: May 2019

W artykule przedstawiono specyfikę zaangażowania podmiotów międzynarodowych w konflikt na Ukrainie na przełomie 2013–2014 r. Atrakcyjność tego państwa wynikała w zasadniczej mierze z jego położenia geopolitycznego oraz pozycji jako kraju buforowego między Wschodem a Zachodem. Omówiono ponadto działania władz polskich podejmowane w kierunku zażegnania sporu, wynikające z rosnącego poczucia zagrożenia ze strony Federacji Rosyjskiej.
Patrycja Szostok, Robert Rajczyk, Komunikowanie lokalne w Polsce. O instrumentach polityki komunikacyjnej samorządów
Authors: Piechota Grażyna
Published: May 2019

Wydawnictwo Gnome, Katowice 2013, ss. 175.
The Role of National Referendum in Central and Eastern European Countries. Selected Experiences
Authors: Musiał-Karg Magdalena
Published: May 2019

Podejmowanie decyzji za pośrednictwem form demokracji bezpośredniej odegrało w Europie Środowej i Wschodniej istotną rolę – szczególnie w latach 89/90, bowiem wyznaczało kierunek dalszego rozwoju państw tamtej części kontynentu. Demokracji bezpośredniej – szczególnie w formie referendum – wzbudza coraz większe zainteresowanie przede wszystkim wśród polityków oraz uprawnionych do głosowania, co uzewnętrznia się m.in. w toczącej się debacie publicznej nad rolą partycypacji obywateli w procesach decyzyjnych, a także we wzroście liczby referendów ogólnokrajowych nie tylko w Europie, ale i na świecie. Stąd podjęcie badań nad instytucją referendum w państw wydaje się być przedsięwzięciem interesującym, ważnym, aktualnym, a przez to wartym naukowej eksploracji. Głównym zamierzeniem badawczym niniejszego tekstu jest odpowiedź na pytanie o rolę instytucji referendum ogólnokrajowego w praktyce politycznej państw Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej oraz o perspektywy wykorzystania tej formy sprawowania władzy w przyszłości. Największa uwaga poświęcona została referendom, które przeprowadzono po 1989 r. Na tej podstawie dokonano klasyfikacji na referenda: niepodległościowe, pogłębieniowe i akcesyjne.
Budowa wizerunku Pierwszego w świetle „literatury faktu” i „scripted docu”
Authors: Walecka-Rynduch Agnieszka
Published: May 2019

Specyfika w kreowaniu wizerunku Andrzeja Dudy silnie związana jest z dwoma stosunkowo nowymi na gruncie zasad komunikowania wizerunkiem pojęciami i kontekstami jednocześnie: MediaPolis i MediaEgo. Autorka poszukuje toposów kształtujących i opisujących wizerunek Pierwszego w trzech grupach publikacji, które opisują życie i działania obecnego prezydenta. Zaproponowana analiza, jest częścią szerszych badań dotyczących zmiany paradygmatu współczesnego komunikowania politycznego i mechanizmów budowania wizerunku polityków.
Relacje państwo–Kościół katolicki w dyskursie „Gościa Niedzielnego”. Casus edukacji publicznej
Authors: Przybysz Kinga
Published: May 2019

Artykuł jest próbą spojrzenia na relacje państwo – kościół katolicki poprzez pryzmat dyskursu „Gościa Niedzielnego”. Z uwagi na ich złożony charakter, w centrum zainteresowania znalazł się jeden, konfliktogenny obszar: edukacja publiczna, a dokładniej lekcje religii oraz edukacja seksualna. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań sugerują, że na łamach „Gościa” oczekiwano, iż państwo spełni formułowane przez redakcję postulaty, z uwagi na fakt, że reprezentują one katolicką większość.
Centrum federalne wobec problemu aktywności międzynarodowej regionów w kontekście ewolucji stosunków federacyjnych w Rosji
Authors: Słowikowski Michał
Published: May 2019

Celem artykułu jest analiza federalno-regionalnego modelu stosunków w odniesieniu do międzynarodowej aktywności poszczególnych regionów. Uporczywy trend centralizacji modelu federalno-regionalnego, zapoczątkowany za prezydentury Władimira Putina, spowodował powstanie nietypowej koncepcji centralnej koordynacji międzynarodowymi działaniami regionów. Pomimo dominacji Federacji Rosyjskiej nad regionami, nie jest to koncepcja utrwalona, ponieważ Kreml nie dysponuje wystarczającymi zasobami, głównie personalnymi, aby w pełni kontrolować sytuację polityczną w regionach. Wyłaniająca się koncepcja centralizmu wydaje się nie tylko szkodzić interesom poszczególnych regionów, ale podważać także siłę putinowskiego reżimu autorytarnego w dalszej perspektywie.
Investigation of eucalypt and pine wood acid-soluble lignin by Py-GC-MS
Authors: Brumano Gabriel Castro , Colodette Jorge Luiz , Fernandes Sérgio A. , Barbosa Bianca Moreira , Borges Gomes Fernando José
Published: May 2019

The Klason method is adequate for quantifying lignin in softwood (SWD) but is less so for hardwood (HWD). The latter contains a fraction of acid-soluble lignin (ASL) that is not measurable under the conditions prevailing in the Klason method and that must be quantified by other means. This study aimed at investigating the composition of ASL obtained from eucalypt and pine woods by using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS). About 2.7% and 0.9% ASL by dry wood weight were measured in the acid filtrate of eucalypt and pine, respectively, by the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) UM 250 method. The acid filtrate was lyophilized and processed by Py-GC-MS, allowing identification of 26 primary pyrolysis products, with 2% and 52% relative molar abundance coming from lignin and carbohydrates, respectively, for eucalypt and 24 primary pyrolysis products, with 1% and 54% relative molar abundance from lignin and carbohydrates, respectively, for pine. The main products derived from lignin were phenol, 4-methylphenol, guaiacol, 4-methylcatechol, syringol, acetosyringone and vanillin. It was concluded that measurements of ASL remain a requirement for accurate eucalypt and pine wood lignin quantification because lignin derivatives remain in the acid filtrate from the Klason lignin quantification method. Corrections for carbohydrate-derived compounds are not necessary, despite their predominance in the filtrate, because these derivatives do not interfere with ultraviolet (UV) absorption.
Differences between hygroscopicity limit and cell wall saturation investigated by LF-NMR on Southern pine (Pinus spp.)
Authors: Li Jingyu , Ma Erni , Yang Tiantian
Published: May 2019

Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) was used to clarify the difference between the fiber saturation point (FSP) of Southern pine (Pinus spp.) determined at the hygroscopicity limit (HL) vs. cell wall saturation (CWS). The HL samples were conditioned at 100% relative humidity (RH) while the CWS samples were fully saturated with distilled water. Cell wall water was found to increase by around 10% in the CWS state. A possible explanation may be that the cell wall was further swollen under liquid saturation. The increase in water content located in the cell wall was determined using freezing-point depression. About 11% of the moisture content (MC) was found in cell wall nanopores with sizes ranging from 1.73 nm to 13.80 nm. The discrepancy between the HL and CWS values of the samples was attributed to freezable water in the nanopores of the matrix components and inter-microfibrils. In the drying process, wood shrinkage was further evaluated in the MC region corresponding to the discrepancy, where the tangential and radial dimensions changed slightly.
Quantitative approximation by Stancu-Durrmeyer-Choquet-Šipoš operators
Authors: Gal Sorin G.
Published: May 2019

In this paper we present general quantitative estimates in terms of the modulus of continuity and of a K-functional, in approximation by the generalized multivariate Stancu-Durrmeyer-Choquet-Šipoš operators

M

n
,

Γ

n
,
x

(
β
,
γ
)

$\begin{array}{}
M_{n, \Gamma_{n, x}}^{(\beta, \gamma)}
\end{array}
$

, with 0 ≤ β ≤ γ, written in terms of Choquet and Šipoš integrals with respect to a family of monotone and submodular set functions, Γ
n, x
, on the standard d-dimensional simplex. If d = 1 and the Choquet integrals are taken with respect to some concrete possibility measures, the estimate in terms of the modulus of continuity is detailed. Examples improving the estimates given by the classical operators also are presented.
Relative topological properties of hyperspaces
Authors: Díaz-Reyes Jesús , Martínez-Ruiz Iván , Ramírez-Páramo Alejandro
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we present the joint study of two main branches of topology, relative properties and hyperspaces, with the aim of giving an answer to Problem 3 in [Arhangeľskii, A. V.: A generic theorem in the theory of cardinal invariants of topological spaces, Comment. Math. Univ. Carolin. 36 (1995), 305–325].
Clinical Investigation of 940 nm Diode Laser Power Bleaching: An In Vivo Study
Authors: Al-Maliky Mohammed Abbood
Published: May 2019

Introduction: The increased demand by patient to whiten their teeth in short time had made in-office bleaching procedure the common one. The accompanying tooth sensitivity remains an important factor affecting patients physically and psychologically. The aim of this in vivo study was to observe the effectiveness of 940 nm diode laser in combination with bleaching gel by analyzing tooth sensitivity and colour change. Methods: Fourteen patients treated by laser-assisted bleaching using diode laser at 940 nm and bleaching gel containing 38% hydrogen peroxide. Tooth sensitivity recorded during and after treatment at 6 hours and 1 day using visual analogue scale (VAS). Tooth shade had recorded before and after bleaching using Vita classical brightness scale. Results: Patients whom did not experienced pain during and after the treatment were 78.60% and 92.90%, respectively. Tooth brightness change after treatment was statistically different (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Diode laser of 940 nm is an effective adjunctive tool for reducing tooth sensitivity originated from high concentration H2 O2 bleaching gel.
Histopathological Changes of the Retina After Nd: YAG Laser Thrombolysis in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion: An Experimental Study
Authors: Abdelkawi Salwa  Ahmed , Hassan Aziza Ahmed , Ghoneim Dina Fouad , Sayed Saif Ahmed Tamer
Published: May 2019

Introduction: The efficacy of many therapeutics techniques for treatment of branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) has been the subject of many investigations. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the transluminal Nd: YAG laser thrombolysis as a new therapeutic approach used for treatment of BRVO in rabbits as an experimental model. Methods: Four rabbits were considered as a control (n=8 eyes); occlusion of the branch retinal veins was performed by using a dye enhancing thrombus formation in right eyes of 10 rabbits (n=10 eyes). Thrombi in the retinal veins were induced by intravenous injection of rose bengal solution as a photosensitizer immediately before the argon laser application with a power of 1200 mW, a spot size of 100 µm, and a duration of 20 ms. One week later, transluminal Nd: YAG laser thrombolysis (30 mJ, 3 pulses/4 ns) was employed to the site of occluded veins, until the thrombi were partially or completely shattered. The rabbits were followed up after 4 days, 1 week and 2 weeks for slit lamp fundus examination and the treated retinas were isolated for histopathological examination. Results: Argon laser photothrombosis induced complete BRVO with some vitreous hemorrhage, destruction, and necrosis in the surrounding retinal layers. Moreover, one week later, Nd: YAG laser thrombolysis showed complete venous flow, minimal vitreous hemorrhage, reperfused retina, complete veins improvement. Follow up after 2 weeks revealed more improvement of all retinal layers. Conclusion: Treatment with transluminal Nd: YAG laser thrombolysis represented a novel therapeutic modality in BRVO.
High Power Laser and Photobiomodulation in Oral Surgery: Case Report
Authors: Araújo Júlia Gomes Lúcio de , Araújo Erika Michele dos Santos , Rodrigues Fernanda Cristina Nogueira , Paschoal Marco Aurélio Benini , Lago Andréa Dias Neves
Published: May 2019

Introduction: The labial frenum is a fold of mucous membrane that attaches the lip and the cheek to the alveolar mucosa, the gingiva, and the underlying periosteum. In some cases, its presence can cause a midline diastema, periodontal diseases related to food impaction, or retention of biofilm, among others. In such cases, lip frenectomy is indicated as treatment, which can be performed with a scalpel (conventional method), an electric scalpel, or a surgical laser. Objective: To show a clinical case performed at Laser Extension Project in Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão grounded in a literature review. Case Presentation: A laser frenectomy was performed on a female patient, aged 20, who had a diastema between the upper central incisors and an indication for frenum removal. The high-power diode laser is excellent for procedures in soft tissue because its wavelength is well absorbed by hemoglobin and other pigments; its use also allows a reduction in the amount of anesthetic and medicines used. The parameters used were 2 W, in a continuous mode, 808 nm infrared emission; with delivery of the beam through optical fiber 300 μM; energy of 120 J; 20 pps. Conclusion: the high power diode laser allowed a satisfactory result, the procedure was safe, the technique was a simple one and of reduced clinical time, as mentioned in the literature. It is worth noting that the technique is dependent on the skill of the professional performing it.
Study on the Mechanical Damage Characteristics of Asphalt Concrete in the Spring Thawing Environment
Authors: Chen Xing , Guo Xuedong , Sun Mingzhi , Guo Wei , Dai Wenting
Published: May 2019

Moisture damage under freeze-thaw cycles is one of several serious pavement distresses faced by the majority of transportation agencies. This phenomenon triggers several pavement distresses, thus necessitating pavement maintenance and rehabilitation, which costs the country billions of dollars. In this article, a freeze-soak-scour cycle test was designed to simulate the special environment of the spring thawing season, and the evolution of mechanical properties of the asphalt concrete (AC-16) was studied. Moreover, the influence of freezing, soaking, and scouring (i.e., three separate factors on the mechanical properties of AC-16) were discussed based on the gray relational degree theory. The results illustrated that the freeze factor had a more significant impact on the damage process of AC-16 compared with the soak and scour factor. Finally, the freeze-soak-scour damage model of AC-16 was established and the damage speed and damage degree of AC was quantified based on the logistic judgment model. The model parameter Amax has been used to evaluate the damage degree of the mechanical performance of the AC-16, and model parameter x0.5 has been used to evaluate the damage speed of the mechanical performance of the AC-16.
Sustainable Development with Microsurfacing: A Review
Authors: Bhargava Nishant , Siddagangaiah Anjan Kumar , Ryntathiang Teiborlang Lyngdoh
Published: May 2019

In recent times, sustainable development has been the primary focus of research and development in the pavement industry. In this respect, microsurfacing was viewed as sustainable pavement preservation and has emerged as a cost-effective pavement maintenance alternative for enhancing performance, increasing service life, and ensuring safety with minimal environmental impact. In this review, the impact of microsurfacing application on the economic, social, and environmental components were explored from the published literature. Studies show that with microsurfacing application, there was a 31 % savings in cost as compared with conventional hot-mix asphalt. Furthermore, a brief economic analysis was carried out, which confirmed microsurfacing as one of the most cost-effective preventative treatment with minimum equivalent uniform annual cost. However, the economic benefits of microsurfacing were dependent upon distress type and intensity, pavement age, climatic conditions, and traffic volume. In addition, the social benefits included enhanced skid resistance, reduced hydroplaning, better riding quality, and pleasing aesthetic appearance. Moreover, the main environmental benefits of microsurfacing, as reported by various researchers, included low energy consumption, reduced greenhouse gas emission, conservation of natural resources, and reduction in tire-pavement noise. Review also reported the strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats of microsurfacing application. Even with certain weakness and probable challenges, application of microsurfacing showed enormous potential for further improvement. Incorporation of recycled or waste materials, compaction prior to opening for traffic, and project-related specifications are some areas for further research. However, certain challenges, like insufficient fund allocation, implementation or performance issues, and production variability, had to be mitigated for smooth and rapid development. Thus, with encouraging results and a promising future, microsurfacing had excelled in both technological and sustainability aspects.
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Effects on Memory Consolidation: Timing Matters
Authors: Vorobiova Alicia Nunez , Pozdniakov Ivan , Feurra Matteo
Published: May 2019

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising tool for modulation of learning and memory, allowing to transiently change cortical excitability of specific brain regions with physiological and behavioral outcomes. A detailed exploration of factors that can moderate tDCS effects on episodic long-term memory (LTM) is of high interest due to the clinical potential for patients with traumatic or pathological memory deficits and with cognitive impairments. This commentary discusses findings by Marián et al. (2018) recently published inCortexwithin a broad context of brain stimulation in memory research.
Comparison of Anterior Mitral Leaflet Repair Techniques with and without the Use of Chordal Replacement in Patients with Degenerative Mitral Valve Insufficiency
Authors: Kadiroğulları Ersin , Çiçek Ömer Faruk , Mola Serkan , Yaşar Emre , Erkengel İbrahim , Yalçınkaya Adnan , Günertem Eren , İkbaliafşar Ferhat , Diken Adem , Kocabeyoğlu Sabit , Lafçı Gökhan , Çağlı Kerim
Published: May 2019

Background: The aim of our study was to compare the outcome of patients who underwent mitral valve anterior leaflet repair with and without chordal replacement for degenerative mitral valve insufficiency.
Methods: This study was conducted at our center between May 2006 and May 2013. The study included 125 patients with degenerative mitral valve insufficiency (64 males, 61 females; mean age 47 years, age range 16-78 years) who underwent mitral valve repair with anterior leaflet procedures. The patients were divided into 2 groups. Group A consisted of 56 patients with chordal replacement, and group B consisted of 69 patients with other repair techniques performed.
Results: No significant difference was determined between the 2 groups in mortality, recurrence, and reoperation rates. The mortality rate was 3.6% in group A and 1.4% in group B. During the follow-up period, 3 patients were reoperated on (mitral valve replacement) because of severe mitral valve insufficiency. Two of these patients were from group A (3.6%), and the other was from group B (1.4%). One patient in group A underwent intraoperative mitral valve replacement after unsuccessful chordal replacement. Fifty patients (89.3%) in group A and 65 patients (94.2%) in group B exhibited no or mild recurrence of mitral valve insufficiency.
Conclusion: Mitral valve repair in patients with degenerative mitral valve insufficiency resulting from anterior leaflet pathology is a safe procedure because of its durability and good long-term results. Despite the difficulty of the chordal replacement procedure, it may be used as an alternative technique for anterior mitral valve leaflet repair.
Предмет соціальної психології мистецтва у вимірах історіоризації
Authors: Литвин-Кіндратюк Світлана
Published: May 2019

В статті розглянуто проблеми трансформації предмету психології мистецтва у контексті праксеологічного повороту в психологічній теорії та арт-терапії. Обстоюється доцільність розширення предметного поля цієї міждисциплінарної області на межі соціаль­ної психології, психології мистецтва та історичної психології. Розкрито провідне значення соціокультурної парадигми та системного підходу в аналізі структур художньої кому­ні­кації. Показано, що історіоризація соціальної психології мистецтва збагачує її мето­дичний арсенал засобами діахронного аналізу форм світу мистецтва, психолого-історичної ре­конст­рукції особливостей розвитку мистецько-естетичної поведінки особистості в кон­тексті способів естетизації повсякденності.
The Triumph of Large-Scale Agriculture and Its Socioeconomic Impact
Authors: Schlett András , Beke Judit
Published: May 2019

Large-scale farming that utilizes industrial methods to intensify production is becoming more significant worldwide. This study explores this phenomenon and sheds light on its consequences. Contingency factors serve as key drivers when determining the advantages and disadvantages of both large-scale and small-scale farming. Significant shifts in agro-production methods have fundamentally altered ownership and production structures in agriculture and had a disastrous impact on the livelihoods of people living in rural areas.
How to Diagnose and Manage Angina Without Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: Lessons from the British Heart Foundation CorMicA Trial
Authors: Ford Thomas J , Berry Colin
Published: May 2019

Patients with symptoms and/or signs of ischaemia but no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Microvascular and/or vasospastic angina are the two most common causes of INOCA; however, invasive coronary angiography lacks the sensitivity to diagnose these functional coronary disorders. In this article, the authors summarise the rationale for invasive testing in the absence of obstructive coronary disease, namely that correct treatment for angina patients starts with the correct diagnosis. They provide insights from the CORonary MICrovascular Angina (CorMicA) study, where an interventional diagnostic procedure was performed with linked medical therapy to improve patient health. Identification of these distinct disorders (microvascular angina, vasospastic angina or non-cardiac chest pain) is key for stratifying INOCA patients, allowing prognostic insights and better patient care with linked therapy based on contemporary guidelines. Finally, they propose a framework to diagnose and manage patients in this common clinical scenario.
Update on the Current Landscape of Transcatheter Options for Tricuspid Regurgitation Treatment
Authors: Curio Jonathan , Demir Ozan M , Pagnesi Matteo , Mangieri Antonio , Giannini Francesco , Weisz Giora , Latib Azeem
Published: May 2019

Most patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation lack treatment options because of prohibitive surgical risk. New transcatheter treatments under development and investigation might be able to address this unmet clinical need. This article gives an update on the landscape of devices for transcatheter tricuspid regurgitation treatment including different approaches (i.e. repair with leaflet approximation or annuloplasty and replacement using orthotopic or heterotopic valves) at different stages of development, from experimental to clinical trial. Repair devices such as the Cardioband or the MitraClip are leading the field with promising preliminary data and further trials are ongoing. However, with implantations of the Gate bioprosthesis, replacement devices are catching up. Potential advantages of different approaches and most recent data are discussed.
Investigation of self confidence levels in elite extreme athletes
Authors: Bostancı Ö. , Karaduman E. , Mayda M.H.
Published: May 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine self-confidence levels of extreme sports athletes in terms of variables such as gender, sport experience and sports level. Methods: A total of 1660 athletes in skiing, snowboarding, mountaineering, motor-car and motor-bike racing participated in the study. “Self-confidence scale” developed by Akın (2007) was used to find out athletes’ characteristics of self-belief, being able to control emotions and taking risks. Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis test were used for data analysis. Results: Skiers and motor-car racers were found to have the highest self-confidence values, while snowboarders had the lowest values. Although there were less women in the study, significance was found only in external self-confidence in favour of women (p<0.05). Significant association was found between self-confidence values in terms of sport experience and sports level (p<0.05). Conclusions: Extreme sports should be generalized, supported and introduced to raise successful and self-confident individuals. This will contribute to the fast development of these sports which are known as dangerous sports throughout the world.
Effects of plyometric and pull training on performance and selected strength characteristics of junior male weightlifter
Authors: İnce İ. , Şentürk A.
Published: May 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of plyometric and pull training added an Olympic weightlifting training program (twice a week for 8 wk) on performance and selected strength characteristics in junior male weightlifter. Material: The participants [n = 34; age: 16.03 ± 0.9 y; mass: 74.78 ± 14.86 kg; height: 170.53 ± 6.81 cm] were randomized into a pull (n = 11), a plyometric (n = 12), and a control (n= 11) groups. The groups trained 6 days a week during the 8-week study period. The pull group performed four pull exercises and the plyometric group performed four plyometric exercises added to Olympic weightlifting program for 2 days a week, and the control group performed an Olympic weightlifting program alone. Analysis of variance and Magnitude-based inferences used to determine whether a significant difference existed among groups on snatch clean and jerk total (SCT), squat (SQ), back strength (BS), countermovement jump (CMJ), 30 sec. repeated jump height (RJH) and peak barbell velocity (PV). Results: The ANOVA showed a time × group interaction for SCT, BS and RJH. The MBI indicated positive changes for SCT in control group, for BS in pull group and for RJH in plyometric group. The results for the PV decrease in plyometric and pull group indicated no significant time × group interaction, but there was a significant main effects. ASK "Inserisci l'aim" \* MERGEFORMAT ASK \* MERGEFORMAT Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the addition of pull or plyometric training to an Olympic weightlifting program interfered with weightlifting performances.
Comparison of the physical fitness traits of Azerbaijan and Iran senior Greco-Roman national wrestling teams
Authors: Rahmani F. , Mirzaei B.
Published: May 2019

Purpose: The aim of the present investigation was to compare of the physical fitness traits of Azerbaijan and Iran senior Greco-Roman national wrestling teams. Material: In this study, 10 elite wrestlers (age 27.7±3.5 years and training background 8.5±2 years) of the senior national wrestling team of Azerbaijan were measured in body composition attributes, muscular strength, muscular endurance, maximal oxygen consumption, flexibility, agility, speed, anaerobic power and explosive power and the results were compared to the national Greco-Roman wrestling team of Iran. Results: The results of this study, using t-test, showed that the mean of squats (P=0.013) and 40-yd sprint (P=0.004) in wrestlers of Azerbaijan’s team were significantly better than Iran’s average norm. However, the values of sit-ups (P=0.030), pull-ups (P=0.000) and 4×9-m shuttle run (P=0.024) the mean were significantly lower in the wrestlers of Azerbaijan compared to the norm of Iranian wrestlers. Conclusions: The results of the physical fitness tests determine the strengths and weaknesses of the training programs and provide practical guidance to coaches in order to assess the extent of wrestlers likely progress or slump.
Ideal Model: Social Cultural Determinants and Phunctions
Authors: O. G. Glukhova
Published: May 2019

This article considers ideal model and its relations to ideal, differ in the philosophy and science definition of the ideal and ideal of model, applied character and its social functions and social nature.
Virtual Space: New Communication Phenomena
Authors: K. V. Sokolova
Published: May 2019

The article deals with the problem of memes as units of cultural information in human minds and their social role. The analysis of a communicative function of the Internet-memes that refers to a much broader category of cultural information has been given special attention in the article.
The Problem of the Written Sign Evolution
Authors: I. V. Khmel'
Published: May 2019

In the article there is given the analysis of written sign progress and the supposition about the future development are given.