bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutritional challenges in accidental caustic soda ingestion: a case report
Authors: Nogueira Rechia Bruna , Kawano Christiane , Elizabeth Pereira Freire Machado Maria , Caroline Dantas Marques Ana , Aparecida Carlos Bonfim Maria , Tumas Rosana , Lopes Cardoso Ary
Published: November 2023

Accidental sodium hydroxide ingestion is eventually found in Pediatrics and poses a great risk of serious and often irreversible lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. The extension and severity of the injuries vary with each patient. Esophageal stenosis is one of the most feared complications with great morbidity. For these patients, feeding is difficult and proper nutritional therapy is a challenge. Currently, no consensus exists regarding the best nutritional approach. We report a case of accidental caustic soda injury in a toddler who developed severe malnutrition due to prolonged critical illness and esophageal stenosis. We aim to stimulate debate around this concerning issue and hopefully shed some light on therapeutic possibilities.
Influence of the Nernst diffusion layer thickness on surface concentration in a model electrochemical process with a preceding chemical reaction
Authors:   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Gichan O. I.
Published: November 2023

The influence of the Nernst diffusion layer thickness on the surface concentrations of electroactive and electroinactive species in a model electrochemical process with a preceding homogeneous first-order chemical reaction under application of a small amplitude alternating current has been investigated. A case of equal diffusion coefficients of species taking part in the preceding chemical reaction in a thin layer attached to a planar electrode is considered. It has been shown that, at low frequencies of an applied alternating current, the surface concentrations of electroactive and electroinactive species increase with increasing the Nernst diffusion layer thickness. At high frequencies, the surface concentrations of both species do not depend on this parameter. However, there is a range of frequencies where the surface concentrations of species can decrease with increasing the Nernst diffusion layer thickness. This range of frequencies can be influenced by a value of the Nernst diffusion layer thickness, the rate constants of chemical reaction, and the diffusion coefficient of species. There exists a phase shift between an alternating current and the surface concentrations of electroactive and electroinactive species that change under application of this current. It is a function of the Nernst diffusion layer thickness, the oscillation diffusion layer thickness, and the reaction layer thickness. In the case of electroactive species, the phase angle can take only a positive value. At low frequencies, it tends to π/2, whereas at high frequencies it decreases to π/4. For the case of electroinactive species, the phase angle can be positive, negative, and equal to zero depending on the value of the Nernst diffusion layer thickness, the rate constants of chemical reaction, and the diffusion coefficient of species. It approaches –π/2 at low frequencies, and at high frequencies it tends to π/4. The both phase angles can have the maxima and the minima. Their values are strongly dependent on the Nernst diffusion layer thickness, the diffusion coefficient of species, the rate constants of chemical reaction.
Adsorption study of fluoroquinolone antibiotic - levofloxacin to evaluate the possibility of its removal from wastewaters using natural zeolite
Authors:   Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Georgia, Rubashvili I. , Zautashvili M. ,   Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Georgia, Kordzakhia T. ,   Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Georgia, Ebralidze K. ,   Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Georgia
Published: November 2023

The present work is the first case where the adsorptive removal of the most commonly used fluoroquinolone antibiotic - levofloxacin (> 80 % unmetabolized in the urine) from aqueous solution as a model of wastewater treatment plant effluent by natural zeolite – clinoptilolite and its acid-modified form has been investigated under static and dynamic conditions. The effect of the inlet concentration, the flow rate and the pH value of antibiotic influent solution, also, the contact time of system zeolite/antibiotic solution on the adsorption process were examined and evaluated using the Langmuir adsorption model. The adsorption mechanism mainly composed of electrostatic interaction between the zeolite surface and adsorbate - levofloxacin. This study demonstrates and proves that natural clinoptilolite and its acid-modified form could be an efficient, eco-friendly, alternative and competitive adsorbent in terms of cheapness, selectivity and adsorption efficacy for the removal of levofloxacin from wastewaters and implemented in an industrial setting and wastewater treatment plant for purification processes.
Acid and thermal treatment of natural heulandite
Authors:   Tbilisi State University Georgia, Tsitsishvili V. G. , Dolaberidze N. M. ,   Tbilisi State University Georgia, Nijaradze M. O. ,   Tbilisi State University Georgia, Mirdzveli N. A. ,   Tbilisi State University Georgia, Amiridze Z. S. ,   Tbilisi State University Georgia, Khutsishvili B. T. ,   Tbilisi State University Georgia
Published: November 2023

Acid treatment of natural zeolites is considered to be an effective method of “improving” their structure and properties, among which thermal stability occupies a special place, especially for catalytic applications of zeolites. The influence of hydrochloric acid solutions with concentrations up to 2 mol/L and calcination at temperatures up to 1100 °C on the structure and properties of heulandite-containing tuff from the Georgian Dzegvi-Tedzami deposit, selected for the creation of new bactericidal zeolite filter materials for purification and desinfection of water from various sources, was studied by the X-ray energy dispersion spectra, diffraction patterns and thermal analysis, as well as by adsorption of water, benzene and nitrogen methods. It has been found that an acidic environment leads to significant dealumination (Si/Al molar ratio increases from 3.6 to 9.5) and decationization (total charge of metal ions per Al atom decreases from 1 to 0.68) of the sample; solutions of hydrochloric acid do not lead to amorphization of the zeolite microporous crystal structure, but gradually dissolve it. As a result of acid treatment, there is also a sharp increase in the volume of micropores available for large molecules (from ≈ 7 to 80–90 mm3/g) and surface area (from ≈ 13 to 120–175 m2/g), as well as changes in the mesoporous system, leading to the prevalence of pores with a diameter of up to 4 nm. Heulandite heating leads to stepwise dehydration proceeding up to ≈ 800 °C, amorphization starting at ≈ 250 °C, and structural changes: the transition to methastable heulandite B phase at ≈ 340 °C is not fixed, but at ≈ 500 °C wairakite (Ca(Al2Si4O12)·2H2O) is formed, at temperatures above ≈ 1000 °C, amorphous aluminosilicate contains crystalline inclusions of cristobalite (polymorph of SiO2), α-quartz, albite (Na(AlSi3O8), hematite (Fe2O3) and magnetite (FeO·Fe2O3); heating-induced changes in micro- and mesopore systems are insignificant. It is also shown that heat treatment increases the acid resistance of heulandite, which is expressed in a decrease in the degree of dealumination after acid treatment of calcined samples. Thus, acid and heat treatment of heulandite make it possible to obtain materials with different sorption and ion-exchange properties.
Wieso eigentlich Alexa?
Authors: Strüver Niklas
Published: November 2023

In diesem Artikel wird der Sprachassistent Alexa vor dem Hintergrund des Plattformökosystems Amazons untersucht. Hierzu werden Elemente der Plattform- und Infrastrukturtheorie verwendet, um die Rolle des Assistenten in Relation zu den anderen Plattformen der Firma zu konzeptualisieren. Diese Betrachtung ermöglicht es Alexa zum einen als Daten-, Entwicklungs- und Testinfrastruktur von Künstlicher Intelligenz für Amazon und zum anderen als Komfort-Infrastruktur für Nutzer:innen zu betrachten. Um das Wechselverhältnis dieser beiden Rollen nachzuvollziehen, wird ein iteratives Modell entwickelt, welches den Entwicklungsprozess von Alexa als Technologiekomplex nachvollzieht. Die Erkenntnisse, die in der Genese dieses Modells gewonnen werden können, eignen sich dazu den Sprachassistenten als Plattform und Infrastruktur im Plattformökosystem Amazons zu situieren und herauszuarbeiten, welchen Nutzen der Assistent für Amazon haben kann. Dieses letzte Argument trägt zur Weiterentwicklung des theoretischen Instrumentariums zur Betrachtung von Plattformen bei, als dass es diese als wandelbare relationale Infrastrukturen in einem Plattformökosystem begreift, deren Rollen sich im Laufe der kontinuierlichen Entwicklung verändert.
Vintage identification of sauce-flavor liquor based on fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Tao Rizeng , Liu Huizi , Guo Chunfeng , Zou Jun , Zhu Qifei , Yang Yifan , Yang Bobo , Chen Lihua
Published: November 2023

The vintage of sauce-flavor liquor represents its collection value and grade, so its identification is essential for collectors and connoisseurs. In this research, a vintage identification model for sauce-flavor liquors was proposed based on the fluorescence spectroscopy method. A fluorescence spectrophotometer was used to measure the fluorescence spectrum of sauce-flavor liquors of different years, and the optimum emission peaks of the spectrum were obtained. By analyzing these optimum emission peaks, it was determined that intensity of the spectrum increased with the vintage of sauce-flavor liquor. A prediction model was established to identify quantitatively the vintage of sauce-flavor liquor according to spectrum intensity, and its coefficient of determination (R2) was 0. 995. The prediction model was verified with an average error of 0.06 years. Moreover, an online testing platform was designed to realize the real-time, rapid, and quantitative vintage identification of sauce-flavor liquors. The model and platform should be helpful for evaluating sauce-flavor liquor.
Demystifying the Relations of Motivation and Emotions in Game-Based Learning
Authors: Kiili Kristian , Juho Siuko , Cloude Elizabeth , Dindar Muhterem
Published: November 2023

Accumulating evidence indicates that game-based learning is emotionally engaging. However, little is known about the nature of emotions in game-based learning. We extended previous game-based learning research by examining epistemic emotions and their relations to motivational constructs. One-hundred-thirty-one (n=131) 15–18-year-old students played the Antidote COVID-19 game for 25 minutes. Data were collected on their epistemic emotions, flow experience, situational interest, and satisfaction that were measured after the game-playing session. Learners reported significantly higher intensity levels of positive epistemic emotions (excitement, surprise, and curiosity) than negative ones (boredom, anxiety, frustration, and confusion). The co-occurrence network analyses provided new insights into the relationships between motivational and emotional states, where high-intensity flow experience, situational interest, and satisfaction co-occurred the most often with positive epistemic emotions. Results also revealed that a high-intensity flow can be experienced without high levels of situational interest in the topic. That is, gameplay can engage learners even though the learning topic does not interest them. This highlights the importance of intrinsically integrating the learning content with core game mechanics, ensuring the processing of the learning content. The study demonstrated that epistemic emotions, flow experience, satisfaction, and situational interest reveal different qualities of game-based learning. The results suggest that at least flow, situational interest, and epistemic emotions should be measured to understand different dimensions of engagement in game-based learning. Overall, the study advances prior research by clarifying relationships between epistemic emotions and motivational constructs.
Comparison of capsule-mixed versus hand-mixed glass ionomer cements Part 1: compressive strength and surface hardness
Authors: Arnold Samantha , Warren Nichola , Buchanan Glynn D , Lombard Riaan
Published: November 2023

Dental restorative glass ionomer cements (GIC) are available as hand-mixed or capsulated products. Capsulation facilitates uniform ratios of powder to liquid, that should result in an optimal end-product. If this is evident, the degree to which capsulated GIC are mechanically stronger will aid in deciding when to use them instead of the handmixed variety. The compressive strength and surface hardness of hand mixed GIC were compared to capsule-mixed equivalents. Eighty samples were manufactured from hand-mixed GIC: Riva Self Cure; Fuji IX GP; Ketac Universal, Ketac Molar Easymix, and equivalent capsule-mixed GIC: Riva Self Cure; Fuji IX GP; Ketac Universal Aplicap and Ketac Molar Aplicap. Compressive fracture strength was tested using a universal testing apparatus. Surface hardness was measured with a Vickers digital micro-hardness tester Significant differences were found between the compressive strength of RSCH and RSCC (P = 0.027), and, between KMH and KMC (P < 0.001). Significant differences in surface hardness were found between FIXH and FIXC (P = 0.031),KUH and KUC (P < 0.001), as well as KMH and KMC (P = 0.006). Three capsulated forms of GIC (RSCC, KUC, KMC) demonstrated superior mechanical properties. Capsulated GIC offer advantages which may translate to clinical application.
Castleman Disease with Endocrine Dysfunction
Authors: Praveen Chakaravarthy Rajendran  , C.P. Luck  , Sarah Kuruvilla  , Ravishankar  , J. Sheeja
Published: November 2023

Castleman disease is a rare, non-clonal lymphoproliferative disorder predominantly affecting lymphoid tissues. This report presents the case of a 23-year-old male with a chronic left-sided neck swelling and gynecomastia. Surgical excision and Webster technique for gynecomastia were performed, and histopathological examination revealed features consistent with Castleman disease. The lymph node specimen displayed enlarged and reactive atretic germinal centers with an onion skin arrangement of lymphocytes and occasional atypical follicular dendritic cells. Additionally, the breast tissue showed proliferating ducts indicative of gynecomastia. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the diagnosis, revealing CD20-positive mantle zones, diffuse CD45 positivity, CD3 positivity in the paracortex and interfollicular area, and Ki-67 positivity in the germinal center. Castleman disease presents clinically as unicentric or multicentric forms and histologically as hyaline vascular, plasma cell, mixed cellular, or plasmablastic variants. Elevated levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) underscore the disease's inflammatory background. The disease's heterogeneity presents challenges in diagnosis, particularly the plasma cell variant, which can mimic Hodgkin lymphoma. Laboratory abnormalities, such as elevated ESR, LDH, CRP, and anemia, are seen in the multicentric variant. Associations with POEMS syndrome, Kaposi's sarcoma, and co-existing malignant lymphomas complicate the disease's clinical course. Recognition of this condition is crucial for timely intervention, as surgical excision is curative in unicentric cases, while multicentric forms often exhibit a rebound effect. Understanding the disease's diverse presentations and associated lymphomas is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.
Comparative Study of Iron Supplements in South Indian Antenatal Women with Iron Deficiency Anemia
Authors: R. Geetha  , S. Rageshwari  , S. Parvathavarthini  , K. R. Sowmia  , S. Priestly Vivekkumar  , Simhadri V. S. D. N. A. Nagesh  , A. Umamageswari
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional disorder in the world. It is a major public health problem particularly among pregnant women with adverse effects on the mother and the new born. Iron supplementation is universally recommended to correct or prevent iron deficiency. AIMS & OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted to compare the efficacy and tolerability of three oral iron preparations in anemic pregnant women of more than 14 weeks of gestation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Randomized Control trial, done at Tagore Medical College and Hospital, Chennai. 60 antenatal women were selected; they were divided into three groups, 20 in each group. They were treated with Carbonyl iron, ferrous sulphate and ferrous fumarate. Hemoglobin estimation was done at 0 day, 30th and 60th day. Adverse effects were monitored. RESULTS: Data analysis showed an increase in haemoglobin levels in all three groups after the 30th day (p<0.05). Carbonyl iron showed highly significant increase (p<0.05) in the haemoglobin level as compared to the other two drugs at the end of the 60th day. CONCLUSION: Carbonyl iron is superior in efficacy when compared to ferrous sulphate and ferrous fumarate and is better tolerated. So carbonyl iron is safe in pregnancy and can be given as a supplement to treat iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy.
Rosai Dorfman Disease - A Rare Presentation of Cervical Lymphadenopathy - A Case Report
Authors: M. Ambica  , C. P. Luck  , Sarah Kuruvilla  , Ravishankar  , J. Sheeja
Published: November 2023

Rosai Dorfman disease is an uncommon histiocytic disorder presenting as bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy in children and young adults. Under the revised classification of histiocytic disorders, it is classified in the` R’ group of histiocytosis. Cutaneous Rosai -Dorfman disease is regarded as a separate entity which falls under the`C’ group of histiocytosis according to this classification system. We herein report a case of cervical lymphadenopathy who initially developed swelling in the right side of the neck and later developed in the left side of the neck. Patient underwent mantoux test which showed induration of 22mm which was significant. No other symptoms like cough with expectoration, loss of appetite was present.chest x ray was normal. Tuberculous Lymphadenitis was suspected. FNAC was done but confirmatory diagnosis was not obtained, so Excision biopsy was done. Finally, microscopic examination revealed marked emperipolesis with sheets of mature lymphocytes and plasma cells which is pathognomic cytoarchitecture of Rosai Dorfman disease. No evidence of granuloma/ RS cells/ atypia seen. Immunohistochemistry showed S -100 – strong positivity.
Evaluation of Appropriateness of Platelet transfusions in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: N Thamarai Selvi  , R Sumithasree  , R Poojasree  , R Revathi Shree
Published: November 2023

Introduction:  Blood transfusion is an essential part of modern health care. Transfusion is considered appropriate when it is used to treat conditions leading to significant morbidity and mortality and which cannot be prevented or managed effectively by other means. The aim of this study was to evaluate appropriateness of platelet transfusions in a tertiary care centre as per National blood transfusion guidelines. Materials & Methods: This study was conducted in a tertiary care centre. A total of 4236 blood request forms were analyzed over a period of 12 months out of which 8.3% (n=352) were for Platelets (PLT). Number of units requested were noted and appropriateness of requested transfusions was assessed according to the National guidelines on transfusion. Results: A total of 4236 blood request forms were analyzed in this study out of which 8.3% (n=352) were for Platelets (PLT). There were 352 platelet requests out of which 59.6 % (n=210) requests were considered appropriate, 30.2% (n=106) were considered inappropriate and 10.2% (n=36) requests could not be assessed due to unavailability of platelet count. Out of 30.2% (n=106) inappropriate transfusions, in 14.8% (n=52) transfusions were appropriate but number of units transfused was inappropriate and in 15% transfusion itself was considered inappropriate. Conclusion: It was observed that 30.2% (n=106) were considered inappropriate and in 10.2% (n=36) requests could not be assessed due to unavailability of platelet count. Regular audits and CMEs should be conducted and development of standard hospital transfusion guidelines are the measures which can be incorporated in this hospital to rationalize the use of blood components.
A Review: Voice Pathology Classification Using Machine Learning
Authors: Zubin Nizam Khan  , Nisha Balani  , Uma Patel Thakur
Published: November 2023

Voice pathology detection requires the presence of a specialist doctor and time to treat each patient, but it is not always possible to have a doctor who can treat all patients at once and at one precise time. For residents of remote areas, it is all expensive equipment that must be provided. Or even for people who may not be aware of having any voice pathology. Our goal is to design a diagnostic aid system to detect whether the voice is pathological or healthy, so that the patient can be referred to a doctor or not without being moved from the start. Our system is based on the classification, by SVM "Support Vector Machine", using MFCCs "Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients" extracted from the patient's voice. The learning and testing of our system are done using the SVD database "Saarbruecken Voice Database"
Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Effect of Nyctanthes Arbor –Tristis Leaf Fractions Against Ccl4- Induced Liver Injury in Rats
Authors: Kusum S. Akki  , Pratiksha Akki  , Somkant Jawarkar  , Vinod Kumar Tiwari  , Ghanshyam Chavhan  , Harshada Wagh  , Irfan Shah  , Rakesh Dhole
Published: November 2023

The aim of the present work is to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effect of Nyctanthes arbor –tristis leaf fractions. The petroleum ether, ethylacetate and butanolic fractions of Nyctanthes arbor –tristis leaves were studied to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities in CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Oral administration of the fractions at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg once daily for 10 days significantly restored normalization of serum enzyme levels, viz. glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and markers viz. total bilirubin and direct bilirubin and the results were comparable to the effects of Liv 52. The ethylacetate and butanolic extract at the dose of 400 mg/kg was found to be more potent when compared to petroleum ether extract at similar dose. The hepatoprotection is also supported by histopathology of treated animals. In regard to antioxidant activity, ethylacetate and butanolic fractions exhibited a significant effect showing increased levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic parameters, viz. catalase, GSH, SOD and decreased level of malondialdhyde (MDA). The results of this study strongly indicate that Nyctanthes arbor –tristis leaves have potent antioxidant and hepatoprotective action against CCl4-induced hepatic damage in rats which may be due to the presence phytoconstituents such as flavonoids.
Prevalence of coronary artery disease and the associated risk factors among the patients attending the medicine department in a tertiary care teaching hospital in the North Eastern Zone in India
Authors: Akhtar Naushad , Paul Pritama , Kumar Tapas , Paul Uttam K.
Published: November 2023

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is characterized by the narrowing or obstruction of coronary arteries, leading to inadequate blood supply to the heart. In India, CAD has become a major public health issue, particularly in the North Eastern Zone. This study aims to illuminate CAD, its causes, and its unique prevalence patterns within India, with a specific focus on the North Eastern Zone.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over a year at a tertiary care teaching hospital in India's North Eastern Zone. A sample of 154 patients with coronary artery disease was selected through structured questionnaires, clinical examinations, vital signs assessments, and 12-lead ECGs. Data analysis was done with proper equipment.
Results: The study revealed an overall CAD prevalence of 4.24% among 2468 patients attending the Medicine OPD. Males had a higher prevalence across age groups, except for the 20-30-year-olds, where no females participated. Urban areas exhibited a significantly higher CAD prevalence (68.83%) compared to rural areas (31.17%). Statistically significant gender differences were observed in several risk factors, with males more likely to exhibit hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, and ischemic heart disease. Urban residents also showed a higher prevalence of various CAD risk factors compared to rural residents, except for alcohol consumption, which was more common in rural areas.
Conclusions: The findings corroborate existing literature, highlighting gender disparities and urban-rural differences in CAD prevalence and risk factors. This study contributes valuable insights into CAD epidemiology in India, particularly in the North Eastern Zone.
Aetiological sub-classification of thyrotoxicosis and relevance of TT3/TT4 ratio in sub-classification of patients with thyrotoxicosis: an Indian cross-sectional study
Authors: Singh Shailendra Kumar , Singh Rina , Singh Santosh Kumar , Iquebal Mir Asif , Jaiswal Sarika , Rai Pradeep Kumar
Published: November 2023

Background: Thyrotoxicosis is a common endocrine problem. Sub-classification and rapid diagnosis of disease is crucial in the management.
Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study from India, newly diagnosed thyrotoxicosis patients were enrolled. All patients were sub classified into Graves’ disease, (GD), sub-acute thyroiditis (SAT) and toxic nodular goiter (TNG) based on diagnostic criteria. Clinical features were noted and TT3, TT4 and TSH level were measured.  A thyroid scan was also done.
Results: TNG, respectively. Mean± SD age for GD, SAT and TNG were 36.88±10.55, 37.44±5.96 and 61±11.36 years, respectively. Most of patients were female (77.63%). Goiter was present in 81.25%, 55.56% and 100% of GD, SAT and TNG patients respectively. Mean TT3/TT4 ratio was higher (20.15±5.45 verses 12.72±0.77) in GD as compared to SAT patients. The area under ROC curve of the TT3/TT4 for diagnosis of GD was 0.964. Cut off level of TT3/TT4 ratio >14.1 offered best sensitivity, specificity, PPV (positive predictive value) and accuracy.
Conclusions: This first report from India on sub-classification of thyrotoxicosis shows that GD is the commonest cause of thyrotoxicosis. TT3/TT4 ratio of >14.1 may help in differentiating the cause of thyrotoxicosis.
A randomized open-label study to compare iron content in the blood of healthy subjects treated with Tasiron tablets containing ferric di-phosphate as compared to tablets containing ferrous ascorbate
Authors: Kulkarni Prashant , Menon Sasikumar
Published: November 2023

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) frequently affects reproductive-age women, pregnant women, and children of growing age, particularly in developing countries like India. Traditional oral iron supplementation has various side effects, and therefore, liposomal technology has been introduced. This study compared serum iron levels in healthy adult female subjects treated with Tasiron tablets containing 30 mg (elemental iron) of micronized liposomal ferric di-phosphate, with those administered with tablets containing 100 mg (elemental iron) of ferrous ascorbate, over 15 days. The test group (n=7) received 30 mg of micronized liposomal ferric di-phosphate and the control group (n=7) received 100 mg of ferrous ascorbate. Serum levels of iron, hemoglobin, ferritin, and transferrin were measured from samples collected on days 1, 8, and 16 of the treatment periods. Higher iron content and hemoglobin levels were found at day 16 (p<0.05) and day 8 (p<0.05) as compared to day 1 in both groups. The test group received one-third the dose of iron that was administered to the control group. The group receiving 100 mg ferrous ascorbate had higher ferritin levels at day 8 (p<0.01) and day 16 (p<0.01) as compared to day 1. In the group receiving ferrous ascorbate, transferrin levels decreased on day 8 and 16. In contrast, there was an increase in transferrin levels in the group receiving liposomal iron. Oral liposomal iron effectively increases iron content and hemoglobin levels at one-third the concentration as compared to ferrous ascorbate. Further studies on larger numbers with a longer follow-up are required.
A case report: the undescended testis present with inguinal hernia in adolescence, how can be diagnosed and treated early?
Authors: Wijaya I. Gusti Agung Brama , Kesuma A. A. Ngr. Jaya
Published: November 2023

Undescended testis or cryptorchidism describe as one or more testicles are missing from the scrotum. Cryptorchidism may occur on one or both sides but more commonly affects the right testicle. To make the diagnosis, testicular examination followed by a laparoscopy to check for testes that hard to feel on physical examination. To avoid pathological alterations, surgical treatment for UDT should be administered prior to two years. A 16-year-old male patient come to the surgical department of Prima Medika Hospital complained of a lump in the right thigh fold and a non-palpable right testicle for 2 weeks and was unaware of the existence of his right testicles.  On the abdominal examination, a non-reducible tumor was discovered during examination in the right groin with no lymphadenopathy in the left inguinal and left testicles. The testicular ultrasonography present, the right inguinal-proximal testis is undescended. Based on the patients complain, orcidopexy dextra with herniotomy was performed. In underdeveloped nations, UTD is common in adulthood, and the late identification of UDT might be problematic. Therefore, early diagnosis and immediate treatment are essential to prevent the complication and pathologic alterations that leading to subfertility and malignant transformation.
Eight-and-a-half syndrome in pontine cavernoma: a rare presentation
Authors: Nair Shruti M. , Kasturi Nirupama , P. Jayasri , Stephen Mary
Published: November 2023

Cavernous vascular anomalies are varied in form, and cavernomas are very rare lesions commonly found in the supra-tentorial region. Eight-and-a-half syndrome includes horizontal gaze palsy, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, and facial nerve palsy, which is rare in clinical practice. Etiologies are commonly infarct and demyelination. Cavernomas are space-occupying lesions that can lead to life-threatening complications due to haemorrhage, and cavernomas resulting in "eight-and-a-half syndrome" are extremely rare. We report a case of pontine cavernoma presenting as "eight and half syndrome," which worsened systemically, but with timely intervention, the patient recovered completely with good follow-up and an intact permanent tarsorrhaphy.
To study the perception of the Indian population towards health care services in government hospitals of India
Authors: Nadiminti Rajesh Kumar , Olleru Divya , Namdev Prathiksha Patil , Shrikant Utukure , Bhomia Manish
Published: November 2023

In India, the public health system consists of a collection of state-owned healthcare institutions funded and managed by the central and state governments. The research aims to study the perception of the Indian population towards healthcare services in government hospitals in India. If we talk about the healthcare system in India, it is still far behind the developed countries in terms of facilities. There are not even sufficient doctors that can treat the patients. The lack of doctors is a significant concern, especially in rural areas where doctors are unavailable. Many rural areas also face the issue of a lack of medicine. This study also demonstrates whether the people were satisfied with the healthcare system in India during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also focuses on understanding the patient's expectation vs services they receive in government hospitals which help to understand the expectations of the respondents from the government hospital. The study also reflects the people's knowledge about government schemes and policies for healthcare.
Vaccines with a shot of diplomacy: An analysis of the dynamics of power play between India and China
Authors: Dhillon Zyna
Published: November 2023

This paper aims to portray the strategic usage of vaccine diplomacy by India and China in their efforts for regional and global supremacy.

The paper begins with an analysis of power and its types as well as the ways in which it manifests itself in the real world. This is followed by an evaluation of vaccine diplomacy as a soft power and what distinguishes it from other forms of soft power. The paper then segues into a comparative analysis on India and China, with comparisons being made across the following metrics: outreach and quantum of vaccines donated, the conditionality of vaccines, diplomatic incentives and limitations faced in donating vaccines.

There is no clear winner in the battle. China trumps over India in terms of outreach but India’s outreach donates vaccines while China sells them. The winner might not be clear but the path that India takes now may determine its future.

1. India must inoculate its domestic population. 2. India must revamp its vaccination program with assistance from its Quad allies. 3. India must begin locally albeit with an aim to go global. 4. India should either drastically subsidize all its vaccines or increase the proportion of vaccines donated for free vis a vis those sold commercially. 5. India must attempt to make inroads in countries where the efficacy of China’s vaccines came under question. 6. India must try to take pre-emptive action to begin research on diseases predicted to rise with the insurgence of climate change.

As long as a pathogen exists, some one or the other will hold a monopoly on its vaccine and vaccines will continue to be served with a shot of diplomacy.
Modeling China's Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in the Initial Period of Economic Reforms
Authors: Zulkarnay Ildar
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of inter-budgetary relations in China between the central government and the provinces in the initial period of economic reforms from the point of view of stimulating governments of different levels to develop the economy on their territory. A methodology has been developed for modeling the six main schemes of inter-budgetary relations used at that time. Computer modeling was carried out in the agent-oriented NetLogo language, although the models themselves in this work are not fully agent-oriented, but only simulation. Emulation experiments were carried out. The model representation of inter-budgetary relations makes it possible to reflect the dynamics of changes in regional incentives to increase their tax revenues, as well as to assess the degree of influence of these incentives on the calculated consolidated budget. The results obtained allow us to talk about which of the six schemes is most suitable for a certain region with its introductory parameters in order to maximize the target function being set, whether it is consolidated, federal or regional budgets. The Chinese experience of budget stimulation of economic growth of provinces can be used in Russia, and the modeling methodology developed in the article can be applied to analyze the most effective schemes of budget stimulation in our country. Solving this problem at the level of intergovermental fiscal relations within regions and within municipalities of the country will require the use of already large computing capacities provided by supercomputers.
Summary of the Results of the All-Russian Competition «Best Simulation Model 2023»
Authors: Evdokimov Dmitry
Published: November 2023

On the eve of the 60th anniversary of CEMI RAS, the All-Russian competition «Modeling of socio-economic processes for public administration tasks» was held, the media name was «The Best Simulation Model of Russia 2023». The key goal of the competition was to identify the most interesting developments in the field of mathematical and computer modeling, to provide an opportunity to get acquainted with other developers within the framework of the anniversary conference, as well as to determine the circle of research teams – leaders in this field and to create a package of proposals for practical application and increasing the efficiency of public management decisions based on a scientific evidence base and multi-parametric comprehensive assessments of the socio-economic development of Russia.
The competition was held for Russian specialists, but an increase in views was also recorded from other countries of the world. The geography of applications turned out to be large-scale – from Anapa to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. More than 15 cities and regions of the Russian Federation. More than 7,000 unique users from 12 countries around the world showed interest in the competition using various Internet resources and instant messengers.
Summing up the results of the competition and the award ceremony in four categories and two special categories took place within the framework of the V International Conference «Artificial Societies and Information Technologies» at the CEMI RAS site on September 25, 2023.
HIPÓTESIS ASTRONÓMICA AL MISTERIOSO “RUIDO” ESCUCHADO EN SANTAFÉ DE BOGOTÁ EL DOMINGO 9 DE MARZO DE 1687
Authors: Moreno Cárdenas Freddy , Portilla Barbosa José Gregorio
Published: November 2023

Crónicas históricas revelan la ocurrencia de un fenómeno sónico en Santafé de Bogotá en la noche del 9 de marzo de 1687 cuya novedad e intensidad despertó y aterrorizó a la población, la cual en el momento no pudo aportar explicación alguna y cuyo misterio sobre su origen, con el correr de los años, se fue acentuando. En la presente comunicación proponemos la idea de que el fenómeno en cuestión fue producido por la entrada y posterior explosión de un pequeño meteoroide sobre el cielo de la ciudad. Esto se sustenta a partir de las evidencias escritas dejadas por los relatores de la época, su comparación con fenómenos similares sucedidos en diversas regiones del planeta y del hecho de que choques de estos pequeños objetos con la atmósfera terrestre son relativamente frecuentes.
INTERESANTES NOVEDADES EN ESPELETIINAE (ASTERACEAE-HELIANTHEAE) DE COLOMBIA
Authors: Díaz-Piedrahita Santiago , Rodríguez Betsy Viviana , Galindo-Tarazona Robinson
Published: November 2023

Se nominan, describen e ilustran siete especies nuevas de Espeletia Mutis ex Humb. & Bonpl, una nueva variedad de E. curialensis Cuatrec. y una nueva especie de Espeletiopsis Cuatrec. Los nuevos taxones se concentran en la Cordillera Oriental, particularmente en el Parque Nacional Natural de Pisba en territorio del Departamento de Boyacá así: cinco especies en los páramos del municipio de Socotá y tres en el llamado corredor biológico Pisba-Cocuy, páramo de los Venados en el municipio de Chita; la nueva variedad prospera en el flanco oriental de la Serranía del Cocuy en jurisdicción del departamento de Casanare.
REDUCCIÓN CATALÍTICA DE NOx SOBRE SOPORTES CARBONOSOS. EFECTO DEL POTASIO Y EL CO
Authors: López Diana , Calo Joseph
Published: November 2023

Los resultados del papel de CO como agente reductor y los efectos del potasio son registrados para los carbonizados de resina fenólica y carbón Wyodak. El efecto catalítico en la reducción del NO fue la reducción de la energía de activación y mayor producción de CO2. La adición de CO cataliza la reducción del NO vía la creación de complejos superficiales más lábiles y facilita la desorción de otros complejos oxigenados. La reducción de N2O sobre K-PRC mostró una energía de activación más baja que en la reducción de NO sobre los mismos materiales, produciendo principalmente CO2. La adición de CO aumenta la evolución de CO2 y tiene un efecto sobre el carbonizado K-DWY.
TERMODINÁMICA DE LOS PROCESOS IRREVERSIBLES DE UN METABOLISMO
Authors: Robles Edson , Barragán Daniel
Published: November 2023

La célula utiliza la glicólisis para obtener la energía que requiere para llevar a cabo procesos tan complejos como la digestión, la síntesis bioquímica, contracciones musculares, división celular, control de la temperatura corporal, etc. La glicólisis en extractos citoplasmáticos de células de levaduras y en extractos de levaduras libres de células es uno de los tres primeros osciladores bioquímicos descubiertos. A partir del análisis de las posibles rutas bioquímicas involucradas en la glicólisis, Selkov propuso un modelo matemático sencillo alrededor de la enzima PFK y de la pareja ATP-ADP, que permite mostrar algunos de los rasgos característicos del comportamiento oscilatorio. A pesar de que el comportamiento oscilatorio de la glicólisis en extractos citoplasmáticos de células ha sido objeto de amplio estudio experimental, muy pocos esfuerzos se han realizado para llevar a cabo estudios termodinámicos en este sistema. En este trabajo proponemos extender el modelo de Selkov a un sistema de reacción-difusión para ser estudiado en el marco de la termodinámica generalizada de los procesos irreversibles, con el propósito de mostrar cómo se comportan los niveles de disipación termodinámica ante variaciones en la temperatura.
THE TADPOLES OF FROGS AND TOADS FOUND IN THE LOWLANDS OF NORTHERN COLOMBIA
Authors: Lynch John D.
Published: November 2023

Fifty-nine native species and two introduced species of frogs and toads occur in the lowlands of the Caribbean Region of Colombia. Of these 61 species, 54 have life cycles that include an aquatic larval stage. In order to promote ecological studies on these species, a key with illustrations (of 29 species) are provided to allow confident identification for most tadpoles encountered in these lowlands.
ACTIVIDAD ENZIMÁTICA DE ISOENZIMAS DE L-LACTATO: NAD+ OXIDOREDUCTASA (LDH; EC. 1.1.1.27) DURANTE EL DESARROLLO EMBRIONARIO DEL PEZ COMBATIENTE SIAMÉS BETTA SPLENDENS (REGAN, 1909)
Authors: Maestre-Serrano Ronald , Pachón-Muñoz Ernesto
Published: November 2023

Se determinó la actividad enzimática de las isoenzimas de L-lactato: NAD+ oxido-reductasa (LDH; EC. 1.1.1.27), en cada una de las etapas del desarrollo embrionario de la especie Betta splendens. Se tomaron 200 huevos en cada estado de desarrollo embrionario (oocito fertilizado, clivajes, blástulas, gástrula y neurula), obtenidos a partir de cuatro parejas de peces sexualmente maduras, además de oocitos sin fertilizar, recolectados a partir de dos hembras. Las muestras de 200 embriones y 200 huevos sin fertilizar se homogeneizaron y centrifugaron durante 15 minutos a 10.000 rpm. A partir de los sobrenadantes, se corrieron las electroforesis en gel de agarosa y se midió la actividad total de LDH por métodos espectrofotométricos. Los electroforegramas, se cuantificaron en un densitómetro a 540 nm para calcular la concentración aproximada de cada banda y posteriormente determinar la actividad específica de las isoenzimas de LDH. Durante el periodo estudiado, LDH-3 y LDH-4 se caracterizaron por presentar la mayor actividad enzimática. LDH-2, se caracterizó por expresarse durante los estadios de gástrula y neurula y presentar la menor actividad.
PERMUTATION POLYNOMIALS IN ONE INDETERMINATE OVER MODULAR ALGEBRAS
Authors: Acosta-Solarte Pablo A. , Albis Víctor S.
Published: November 2023

Known results on permutation polynomials with coefficients in a finite field are extended to algebras of the form Lv=K[X]/(p(X)v)), where K is a finite field, p(X) belongs to K[X] and is an irreducible polynomial, v = 1,2..., and to the algebra of power series L[[Z]]. Finally analogues of Dickson polynomials in these algebras are studied.
CARACTERIZACIÓN TEMPORAL DE LA LLUVIA DE SEMILLAS EN UN BOSQUE NUBLADO DEL CERRO DE MAMAPACHA (BOYACÁ - COLOMBIA)
Authors: Rodríguez-Santamaría María Fernanda , Puentes-Aguilar Johanna María , Cortés-Pérez Francisco
Published: November 2023

Se evaluó la variación temporal de la lluvia de semillas en un bosque de niebla del cerro de Mamapacha en el departamento de Boyacá (Colombia). se instalaron 16 parcelas, cada una de 25 x 25 m cubriendo un área total de 1 ha. en cada parcela se colocaron 5 trampas con una superficie de recolección de 1.25 m2. el material vegetal fue colectado mensualmente durante siete meses, periodo que incluye la época seca y la época lluviosa. se contabilizó un total de 51489 semillas distribuidas en 18 familias, 16 géneros, 10 especies y 6 no identificadas. la lluvia de semillas estuvo representada por los árboles del dosel dominantes, aunque también se encontró una gran abundancia de semillas de la familia Orchidaceae. las ocho especies más representativas fueron: Miconia sp., Orchidaceae, Weinmannia sp., Asteraceae sp.2, Clusia sp., Asteraceae sp.3, Asteraceae sp.1 y Brunellia occidentalis. la mayor cantidad de semillas se presentó finalizando la época seca (febrero y marzo), y la menor en plena época lluviosa (agosto), demostrando que la lluvia de semillas se encuentra influenciada por las condiciones climáticas de la región.
Ignacio Torres Giraldo como historiador del movimiento obrero colombiano
Authors: Celis-Ospina Juan Carlos
Published: November 2023

En este artículo buscamos revindicar a Ignacio Torres Giraldo (en adelante ITG) como historiador, para lo cual nos proponemos responder las siguientes preguntas: ¿cómo se conjuga memoria e historia en los escritos de movimiento obrero de ITG? y ¿qué teoría y metodología media en su ejercicio de historiador? En este propósito nos hemos contrapuesto a los que lo han pretendido reducir a escritura subjetivista, militante y testimonial. Para cumplir con este propósito nos acogimos a la metodología de la descripción articulada, que consistió en una revisión documental primaria y secundaria referida a la biografía de ITG, la historia del movimiento obrero de las décadas de 1920 y 1940, así como la selección de una bibliografía relevante para los temas abordados por La cuestión sindical en Colombia y los tres últimos tomos de Los inconformes, de donde identificamos conceptos, acontecimientos y tesis relevantes del autor, y los fuimos entretejiendo hasta constituir la configuración de un historiador. Concluimos que la memoria entrecruzada con una teoría y metodología, por más discutidas que estas sean, conjugadas con disciplina de análisis y escritura, pueden producir una obra de valor para la historia de un país y en especial de un movimiento social.
Petróleo y violencia en Arauca. Trabajadores, conflicto armado y represión (1983-2018)
Authors: Rivera Giovanni
Published: November 2023

Objetivo: En este artículo reconstruimos una parte del devenir histórico de los trabajadores petroleros del departamento de Arauca, ubicado en la Orinoquía colombiana, en los límites con el vecino país de Venezuela. Abordamos algunas trayectorias de vida de los miles de obreros que llegaron a la región llanera motivados por el hallazgo del campo petrolero de Caño Limón, en 1983. Analizamos sus condiciones de vida y de trabajo en el enclave que construyó la multinacional Occidental Petroleum Company, más conocida como la OXY. Haremos especial énfasis en las diversas formas de represión que han tenido que soportar los obreros petroleros, en un departamento que se ha convertido en laboratorio de guerra por varias décadas. Los trabajadores han quedado en medio del fuego cruzado de los diferentes actores armados que se disputan la región. Metodología: llevamos a cabo un trabajo de campo en la ciudad de Arauca, donde entrevistamos a trabajadores petroleros y consultamos los archivos ubicados en la subdirectiva del sindicato. Originalidad: la investigación histórica sobre los trabajadores y la violencia se ha centrado en las regiones Andina y Caribe, por lo que se hace necesario abordar otros territorios. Eso intentamos en esta pesquisa al estudiar a los obreros petroleros de esta zona llanera. Conclusiones: los trabajadores petroleros del departamento de Arauca fueron fundamentales para extraer las riquezas del subsuelo. Sin embargo, han padecido las inclemencias del conflicto armado al quedar inmersos en las dinámicas violentas de los grupos legales e ilegales que actúan en la región.