bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing Peptidomimetics
Authors: Perez Juan J.
Published: May 2018

The concept of a peptidomimetic was coined about forty years ago. Since then, enormous effort
and interest have been devoted to mimic the properties of peptides with small molecules or
pseudopeptides. The present report aims to review different approaches described in the past to succeed
in this goal. Basically, there are two different approaches to design peptidomimetics: a medicinal chemistry
approach, where parts of the peptide are successively replaced by non-peptide moieties until getting
a non-peptide molecule and a biophysical approach, where a hypothesis of the bioactive form of the peptide
is sketched and peptidomimetics are designed based on hanging the appropriate chemical moieties
on diverse scaffolds. Although both approaches have been used in the past, the former has been more
widely used to design peptidomimetics of secretory peptides, whereas the latter is nowadays getting
momentum with the recent interest in designing protein-protein interaction inhibitors. The present report
summarizes the relevance of the information gathered from structure-activity studies, together with a
short review of the strategies used to design new peptide analogs and surrogates. In the following
section, there is a short discussion on the characterization of the bioactive conformation of a peptide, to
continue describing the process of designing conformationally constrained analogs producing first and
second generation peptidomimetics. Finally, there is a section devoted to reviewing the use of organic
scaffolds to design peptidomimetics based on the information available on the bioactive conformation of
the peptide.
SCAP/SREBPs are Central Players in Lipid Metabolism and Novel Metabolic Targets in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Cheng Xiang , Li Jianying , Guo Deliang
Published: May 2018

Lipid metabolism reprogramming emerges as a new hallmark of malignancies. Sterol regulatory
element-binding proteins (SREBPs), which are central players in lipid metabolism, are endoplasmic
reticulum (ER)-bound transcription factors that control the expression of genes important for
lipid synthesis and uptake. Their transcriptional activation requires binding to SREBP cleavageactivating
protein (SCAP) to translocate their inactive precursors from the ER to the Golgi to undergo
cleavage and subsequent nucleus translocation of their NH2-terminal forms. Recent studies have revealed
that SREBPs are markedly upregulated in human cancers, providing the mechanistic link between
lipid metabolism alterations and malignancies. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of SCAP
or SREBPs significantly suppresses tumor growth in various cancer models, demonstrating that
SCAP/SREBPs could serve as promising metabolic targets for cancer therapy. In this review, we will
summarize recent progress in our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating
SCAP/SREBPs and lipid metabolism in malignancies, discuss new findings about SREBP trafficking,
which requires SCAP N-glycosylation, and introduce a newly identified microRNA-29-mediated
negative feedback regulation of the SCAP/SREBP pathway. Moreover, we will review recently developed
inhibitors targeting the SCAP/SREBP pathway for cancer treatment.
Targeting Key Transporters in Tumor Glycolysis as a Novel Anticancer Strategy
Authors: Shi Yunli , Liu Shengnan , Ahmad Shabir , Gao Qingzhi
Published: May 2018

Increased glycolysis has been one of the metabolic characteristics known as the Warburg effect.
The functional and therapeutic importance of the Warburg effect in targeted therapy is scientifically
recognized and the glucose metabolic pathway has become a desirable target of anticancer strategies.
Glucose transporters (GLUTs) play an important role in cancer glycolysis to sustain cancer cell proliferation,
metastasis and survival. Utilizing the knowledge of differential expression and biological functions
of GLUTs offers us the possibility of designing and delivering chemotherapeutics toward targeted
tumor tissues for improved cancer selectivity. Inhibition of glucose uptake or glycolysis may effectively
kill hypoxic cancer cells. Facilitative drug uptake via active transportation provides the potential opportunity
to circumvent the drug resistance in chemotherapy. GLUTs as the hallmarks and biotargets of
cancer metabolism enable the design and development of novel targeted theranostic agents. In this updated
review, we examine the current scenario of the GLUTs as strategic targets in cancer and the
unique concepts for discovery and development of GLUTs-targeted anticancer agents. We highlight the
recent progresses on structural biology and underlying mechanism studies of GLUTs, with a brief introduction
to the computational approaches in GLUT-mediated drug transport and tumor targeting.
Inhibition of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase as a Therapeutic Strategy against Cancer
Authors: Sradhanjali Swatishree , Reddy Mamatha M.
Published: May 2018

Cancer cells alter their metabolism to support the uninterrupted supply of biosynthetic molecules
required for continuous proliferation. Glucose metabolism is frequently reprogrammed in several
tumors in addition to fatty acid, amino acid and glutamine metabolism. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase
(PDK) is a gatekeeper enzyme involved in altered glucose metabolism in tumors. There are four isoforms
of PDK (1 to 4) in humans. PDK phosphorylates E1α subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
(PDC) and inactivates it. PDC decarboxylates pyruvate to acetyl CoA, which is further metabolized
in mitochondria. Overexpression of PDK was observed in several tumors and is frequently associated
with chemotherapy related drug resistance, invasion and metastasis. Elevated expression of PDK leads
to a shift in glucose metabolism towards glycolysis instead of oxidative phosphorylation. This review
summarizes recent literature related to the role of PDKs in cancer and their inhibition as a strategy. In
particular, we discuss the role of PDK in tumor progression, metabolic reprogramming in stem cells, and
their regulation by miRNAs and lncRNAs, oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Further, we review strategies
aimed at targeting PDK to halt tumor growth and progression.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Oxopyrido[2,3-d] Pyrimidine-7- ones Derivatives as Covalent L858R/T790M Mutant Selective Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Inhibitors
Authors: Niu Ao , Wang Yang , Yang Yushe , Wei Jianhai , Ding Jian , Chen Yi , Tong Linjiang , Xie Hua
Published: May 2018

Background:

None small cell cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common cancer
around the globe. First generation EGFR-TKI such as gefitinib and erlotinib are now documentated
a prolonged PFS in NSCLC patients with EGFR activating mutation. However, upon continuous
treatment, patients become resistant due toCEE T790M mutation in most cases.Second generation
covalent EGFR inhibitors like afatinib have a moderate inhibition to EGFRT790M in preclinical
models,but it is lacking efficacy in the clinical use for patients with T790M mutation due to the
dose-limiting EGFRWT-driven toxicities.Third generation EGFR inhibitors have the potential to
overcome EGFRT790M resistance mutations while reducing EGFRWT-driven toxicities and are
now under active research.

Methods:

We took compound 6 as our lead compound. We focused on structural modifications
around the hydrophile side chain, the linker, and the Micheal addition receptor moiety of AMG. A
novel series of Oxopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-7-ones derivatives have been designed and synthesized.
Their kinase inhibition activity against EGFRWT and EGFRL858R/T790M were tested by ELISA assays.
SRB test was used for cellular anti-proliferation evaluation.

Results:

A total of 21 novel Oxopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-7-ones derivatives have been designed
and synthesized. The compounds were characterized with 1H-NMR and HRMS. Their structureactivity
relationships have been preliminaryly investigated. As a result, compound 7k showed comparable
activity in kinase inhibition assay and cell growth inhibition assay with our lead compound
6. Higher activity and selectivity over EGFRWT were observed in the in vitro antitumour assay
comparing compound 7k to AZD-9291. Compound 7a exhibited higher selectivity over EGFRWT in
kinase inhibition assay, but poor cell inhibition to NCI-1975 cell line. The in vivo pharmacokinetic
studies in rats showed that compound 9a exhibited improved pharmacokinetic profiles comparing to
6. Compound 9a was also efficacious in an NCI-H1975 murine xenograft model 30 mg/kg QD.

Conclusion:

Compound 9a has a potent kinase inhibition to EGFRT790M and has a high selectivity
over EGFRWT. It’s also efficacious in an in vivo pharmacodynamic evaluation assay. Significant
advantages were observed in pharmacokinetic evaluation comparing 9a to 6, which provide us a
reference to further drug design and research.
Treatment of Lymphoid and Myeloid Malignancies by Immunomodulatory Drugs
Authors: Fuchs Ota
Published: May 2018

Thalidomide and its derivatives (lenalidomide, pomalidomide, avadomide, iberdomide hydrochoride, CC-885 and CC-90009) form the family of immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs). Lenalidomide (CC5013, Revlimid®) was approved by the US FDA and the EMA for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) patients, low or intermediate-1 risk transfusion-dependent myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with chromosome 5q deletion [del(5q)] and relapsed and/or refractory mantle cell lymphoma following bortezomib. Lenalidomide has also been studied in clinical trials and has shown promising activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Lenalidomide has anti-inflammatory effects and inhibits angiogenesis. Pomalidomide (CC4047, Imnovid® [EU], Pomalyst® [USA]) was approved for advanced MM insensitive to bortezomib and lenalidomide. Other IMiDs are in phases 1 and 2 of clinical trials. Cereblon (CRBN) seems to have an important role in IMiDs action in both lymphoid and myeloid hematological malignancies. Cereblon acts as the substrate receptor of a cullin-4 really interesting new gene (RING) E3 ubiquitin ligase CRL4CRBN. This E3 ubiquitin ligase in the absence of lenalidomide ubiquitinates CRBN itself and the other components of CRL4CRBN complex. Presence of lenalidomide changes specificity of CRL4CRBN which ubiquitinates two transcription factors, IKZF1 (Ikaros) and IKZF3 (Aiolos), and casein kinase 1α (CK1α) and marks them for degradation in proteasomes. Both these transcription factors (IKZF1 and IKZF3) stimulate proliferation of MM cells and inhibit T cells. Low CRBN level was connected with insensitivity of MM cells to lenalidomide. Lenalidomide decreases expression of protein argonaute-2, which binds to cereblon. Argonaute-2 seems to be an important drug target against IMiDs resistance in MM cells. Lenalidomide decreases also basigin and monocarboxylate transporter 1 in MM cells. MM cells with low expression of Ikaros, Aiolos and basigin are more sensitive to lenalidomide treatment. The CK1α gene (CSNK1A1) is located on 5q32 in commonly deleted region (CDR) in del(5q) MDS. Inhibition of CK1α sensitizes del(5q) MDS cells to lenalidomide. CK1α mediates also survival of malignant plasma cells in MM. Though, inhibition of CK1α is a potential novel therapy not only in del(5q) MDS but also in MM. High level of full length CRBN mRNA in mononuclear cells of bone marrow and of peripheral blood seems to be necessary for successful therapy of del(5q) MDS with lenalidomide. While transfusion independence (TI) after lenalidomide treatment is more than 60% in MDS patients with del(5q), only 25% TI and substantially shorter duration of response with occurrence of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were achieved in lower risk MDS patients with normal karyotype treated with lenalidomide. Shortage of the biomarkers for lenalidomide response in these MDS patients is the main problem up to now.
Micro Hybridized Auto-rickshaw for Bangladesh: A Solution to Green Energy Vehicle
Authors: Mallik Avijit , Arefin Arman
Published: May 2018

Background:

Auto rickshaws are compact, three-wheeled vehicles which are normally used altogether in numerous Asian nations (i.e.China, Japan, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and so forth) for transportation of people and products. The vehicles are little and have simple transportability in occupied Asian cities. In Bangladesh, auto rickshaws/simple bicycles regularly offer their taxi services, as they are fantastically reasonable to work. Simultaneously, these three-wheelers running on fuel cause extreme air-pollution and create impressive measures of greenhouse gasses (i.e.Carbon dioxide).

Objectives:

This paper introduces a transportation system in view of auto rickshaws that work in an eco-accommodating way. Existing vehicles are to be substituted by a small scale-cross sort framework overhauled in a way which helps the productivity of the vehicle.

Methods:

A reviving foundation is suggested that will take into consideration the power-packs to be charged utilizing halfway energy, for example, solar energy. Necessary simulations had been done using MATLAB platform.

Results:

Results shows that the current vehicle and nature, in which it works, made a model of the vehicle and researched re-charging infrastructure prerequisites and plans. About 31% efficiency was observed.

Conclusions:

The objective of the research introduced in this paper is to build up a conservative, vigorous and feasible fuel utilization system and deplete auto-rickshaws. In this research, 23% of grid power savings has been found.
A Series Solution for the Input Admittance of a Circular Loop Antenna over a Lossy Earth
Authors: Alsemaid Osman M. , Ali Hamed Sameir M. , Mahmood Saif A.
Published: May 2018

Background:

This study deals with the derivation of expressions for the current distribution
and the input admittance of a circular loop antenna (CLA) over a lossy Earth in a series form.

Methods:

The analysis is based on the image method, Fourier series expansion and the direct integration
of the vector potential.

Result:

The results for the current distribution of the study are in very good agreement with those corresponding
results available in the literature, which checks the correctness of the formulations of the study.

Conclusion:

The provided solution in this paper is simple, straightforward and can be applied without
performing any numerical integrations, which makes it preferred compared to the numerical solutions
that are available in the literature.
Reduction of the Low Voltage Substation Constraints by Inserting Photovoltaic Systems in Underserved Areas
Authors: Naima Benbouza , Louiza Benfarhi , Boubekeur Azoui
Published: May 2018

Background:

The improvement of the voltage in power lines and the respect of the low voltage
distribution transformer substations constraints (Transformer utilization rate and Voltage drop) are
possible by several means: reinforcement of conductor sections, installation of new MV / LV substations
(Medium Voltage (MV), Low Voltage (LV)), etc.

Methods:

Connection of mini-photovoltaic systems (PV) to the network, or to consumers in underserved
areas, is a well-adopted solution to solve the problem of voltage drop and lighten the substation
transformer, and at the same time provide clean electrical energy. PV systems can therefore contribute
to this solution since they produce energy at the deficit site.

Results:

This paper presents the improvement of transformer substation constraints, supplying an end of
low voltage electrical line, by inserting photovoltaic systems at underserved subscribers.

Conclusion:

This study is applied to a typical load pattern, specified to the consumers region.
Adsorption and Oxidation of As(III) on Iron (Hydro)Oxides
Authors: Zhao Zhixi , Guan Ming , Zeng Han , Chen Ping
Published: May 2018

Iron (hydro)oxides, including poorly crystalline ferrihydrite and the more crystalline forms, hematite and magnetite, play an important role in the biogeochemical cycling of arsenic in aquatic environments. In this study, adsorption and oxidation experiments for As(III) were performed on ferrihydrite, hematite, and magnetite, respectively. The results showed that the three iron (hydro)oxides acted as a catalyst for the oxidation of As(III) in the presence of oxygen. The variation in the oxidation states of As(III) on iron (hydro)oxides were confirmed by X‐ray Absorption Near‐Edge Structure (XANES) spectra. Adsorption kinetics of As(III) followed a pseudo‐second‐order equation in the three iron (hydro)oxides systems. Oxidation of As(III) on the three iron (hydro)oxides was observed by the determination of total As(V) concentration. The pseudo‐first‐order equations satisfactorily described the oxidation kinetics data. The oxidation rate constants in the different iron (hydro)oxide systems followed the order: hematite > ferrihydrite > magnetite, that is, 0.0111, 0.0021, and 0.0009 h−1, respectively.
Phytoplankton Functional Groups Variation and Influencing Factors in a Shallow Temperate Lake
Authors: Tian Chang , Hao Daping , Pei Haiyan , Doblin Martina A. , Ren Ying , Wei Jielin , Feng Yawei
Published: May 2018

The present study was carried out in Luoma Lake, a shallow lake in temperate eastern China. Based on a two‐year study, the dynamics of phytoplankton functional groups and influencing factors were analyzed. A total of 178 taxa were identified and sorted into 20 codons, according to the phytoplankton functional group classification. In order to find the environmental factors driving phytoplankton variations, fifteen groups were analyzed in detail using redundancy analysis. Groups P (Fragilaria crotonensis), X2 (Chlamydomonas globosa, C. microsphaera and Chroomonas acuta), and MP (Navicula rotaeana) were dominant during low temperature periods, whereas groups X2, S1 (Pseudanabaena limnetica), and W1 (Euglena sp.) were dominant during high temperature periods. Water temperature, total phosphorus, and ammonium were the significant driving factors explaining phytoplankton succession. Furthermore, total phosphorus and ammonium could be broadly used in risk management for potential algal blooms in Luoma Lake.
Statistical Exposé of a Multiple‐Compartment Anaerobic Reactor Treating Domestic Wastewater
Authors: Pfluger Andrew R. , Hahn Martha J. , Hering Amanda S. , Munakata‐Marr Junko , Figueroa Linda
Published: May 2018

Mainstream anaerobic treatment of domestic wastewater is a promising energy‐generating treatment strategy; however, such reactors operated in colder regions are not well characterized. Performance data from a pilot‐scale, multiple‐compartment anaerobic reactor taken over 786 days were subjected to comprehensive statistical analyses. Results suggest that chemical oxygen demand (COD) was a poor proxy for organics in anaerobic systems as oxygen demand from dissolved inorganic material, dissolved methane, and colloidal material influence dissolved and particulate COD measurements. Additionally, univariate and functional boxplots were useful in visualizing variability in contaminant concentrations and identifying statistical outliers. Further, significantly different dissolved organic removal and methane production was observed between operational years, suggesting that anaerobic reactor systems may not achieve steady‐state performance within one year. Last, modeling multiple‐compartment reactor systems will require data collected over at least two years to capture seasonal variations of the major anaerobic microbial functions occurring within each reactor compartment.
Preliminary Validation of an Instrument to Assess Students’ Perceptions of Clinical Learning Environments at U.S. Dental Schools
Authors: Krois Nicole R. , Kossioni Anastasia E. , Barlow Patrick B. , Straub-Morarend Cheryl L. , Marchini Leonardo
Published: May 2018

Research on dental students’ perceptions of clinical learning environments is needed to identify strengths, weaknesses, and need for interventions to sustain high‐quality dental education, but a primary challenge has been the absence of an instrument designed to assess these perceptions. The Dental Clinical Learning Environment Instrument (DECLEI) is a new instrument developed specifically for dental clinical learning environments according to psychometric standards and validated in Europe. The aim of this study was to perform a preliminary validation of DECLEI in a U.S. dental school, thus providing data for subsequent validation in a larger, multi‐institution sample. After five experienced faculty members assessed DECLEI's item relevance and content validity, the instrument was distributed in 2016 to 144 third‐ and fourth‐year dental students at the University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics. All 144 questionnaires were completed (100% response rate). The results were tabulated and submitted to principal component analysis with an orthogonal rotation to assess internal structure of the measure. Internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and corrected item‐total correlations. The results showed that, of the initial 24 items, principal component analysis allowed 18 items grouped in five domains: student‐faculty interaction, equipment and patient issues, didactic‐clinical components interaction, negative perceptions, and self‐assessment. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for these five domains ranged from 0.52 to 0.80. These results suggest that DECLEI has the potential for use as a reliable instrument to assess students’ perceptions of clinical learning environments at U.S. dental schools, thus supporting the need for a definitive validation analysis in a larger sample.
Developing a Dental Curriculum for the 21st Century in a New Dental School in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Madi Ebtissam M. , AlShiddi Manal , Al-Saleh Samar , AbdelLatif Hoda
Published: May 2018

The aims of this study were to develop, implement, and assess a contemporary dental curriculum that would be competitive internationally and take into consideration the specific needs of the community in a newly established all‐female dental school in Saudi Arabia: Princess Nourah bint AbdulRahman University College of Dentistry (PNUCD). A six‐step approach to curriculum development was used. Problem identification, general needs, and target needs were identified, and goals, objectives, and educational strategies were defined. The new curriculum emphasizes producing competent dentists focused on prevention and geared toward the needs of women and children. Leadership attributes, patient‐centered care, and research are emphasized in the curriculum. Contemporary educational methods are used to implement the curriculum. In the assessment part of the study, evaluations of the curriculum by students, faculty, and external stakeholders (part‐time instructors, program evaluators, and patients) have been mainly positive. Overall, PNUCD provided the opportunity to develop a curriculum that reflects the explosion of scientific knowledge, based on principles of modern educational theory in a unique cultural environment.
A Case Study Optimizing Human Resources in Rwanda's First Dental School: Three Innovative Management Tools
Authors: Hackley Donna M. , Mumena Chrispinus H. , Gatarayiha Agnes , Cancedda Corrado , Barrow Jane R.
Published: May 2018

Harvard School of Dental Medicine, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, and the University of Rwanda (UR) are collaborating to create Rwanda's first School of Dentistry as part of the Human Resources for Health (HRH) Rwanda initiative that aims to strengthen the health care system of Rwanda. The HRH oral health team developed three management tools to measure progress in systems‐strengthening efforts: 1) the road map is an operations plan for the entire dental school and facilitates delivery of the curriculum and management of human and material resources; 2) each HRH U.S. faculty member develops a work plan with targeted deliverables for his or her rotation, which is facilitated with biweekly flash reports that measure progress and keep the faculty member focused on his or her specific deliverables; and 3) the redesigned HRH twinning model, changed from twinning of an HRH faculty member with a single Rwandan faculty member to twinning with multiple Rwandan faculty members based on shared academic interests and goals, has improved efficiency, heightened engagement of the UR dental faculty, and increased the impact of HRH U.S. faculty members. These new tools enable the team to measure its progress toward the collaborative's goals and understand the successes and challenges in moving toward the planned targets. The tools have been valuable instruments in fostering discussion around priorities and deployment of resources as well as in developing strong relationships, enabling two‐way exchange of knowledge, and promoting sustainability.
Factors Associated with Evidence‐Based Clinical Questions Presented in a Vertically Integrated Seminar Series at a U.S. Dental School
Authors: Shenoy Gayathri M. , Dragan Irina F. , Pagni Sarah , Murphy Jennipher , Karimbux Nadeem
Published: May 2018

The Basic Science/Clinical Science Spiral Seminar Series (BaSiCSsss) was implemented at Tufts University School of Dental Medicine in 2013. In the series, teams of dental students from all four years presented components of a clinical case, supported by evidence‐based dentistry concepts. The role of the third‐year student on each team was to present questions based on the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) method to support the treatment plan for the selected case. The primary aim of this study was to identify the dental discipline from which the PICO question was chosen, and the secondary aim was to review the level of evidence (journal impact factor, study design, and year of publication) of sources used to support the PICO questions. Presentations compiled during the 2014–15 and 2015–16 academic years were reviewed. The PICO questions and additional details from the publications used as reference (choice of journal, year of publication, study design) were reviewed. A total of 224 presentations were reviewed. The results showed that most topics were from the subjects of periodontology and prosthodontics. Systematic reviews and cohort studies were the most often used types of study design. The majority of the articles cited were recently published. The students used supporting references for the clinical questions published recently with a high level of evidence.
Is Maximal Dosage for Local Anesthetics Taught Consistently Across U.S. Dental Schools? A National Survey
Authors: DeLuke Dean M. , Cannon Darriel , Carrico Caroline , Byrne B. Ellen , Laskin Daniel M.
Published: May 2018

Administration of safe and effective local anesthesia is a cornerstone of dental practice, but there is some discrepancy in recommendations for maximum doses, with the Council on Dental Therapeutics and American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry's guidelines differing from the guidelines of manufacturers and contemporary textbooks. The aim of this study was to determine the level of uniformity across U.S. dental schools in teaching maximal safe doses for commonly used local anesthetics. Faculty members primarily responsible for teaching local anesthesia to dental students at all 62 U.S. dental schools that had graduated classes were invited to participate in a survey in March 2017. The survey included questions about maximum doses taught, awareness of the existence of two differing guidelines, and whether one or both guidelines were commonly taught to students. A total of 37 responses were received, for a response rate of 60%. The respondents included oral and maxillofacial surgeons, general dentists, dental anesthesiologists, and periodontists. Of the respondents, 22% reported being unaware of the existence of more than one standard, and there was inconsistency in teaching practices. A majority (73%) reported teaching the higher maximum dose (7 mg/kg) for lidocaine, while a similar but smaller majority (60%) reported teaching the lower dose threshold (4.4 mg/kg) for mepivacaine. This study found no standard recommended maximum dose of lidocaine or mepivacaine being taught in U.S dental schools. Students should be made aware that there is more than one standard, and teaching should emphasize sound medical and pharmacologic principles. There is also a need to ensure that questions on dental licensing examinations are consistent regarding maximum safe doses for local anesthesia.
Employment Type and Career Satisfaction Among Oral Medicine Specialists
Authors: Villa Alessandro , Stoopler Eric T. , Napenas Joel
Published: May 2018

With fewer oral medicine (OM) specialists than members of other dental specialties, growing the profession to meet patient needs depends on demonstrating to dental educators, students, and practitioners the value and variety of career opportunities in this specialty. The aim of this study was to investigate the type of employment and career satisfaction of current OM specialists. An electronic survey was distributed to all 393 active members of the American Academy of Oral Medicine in May 2016. The questionnaire assessed respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics, type of OM training received, workplace setting, type of OM practice, and career satisfaction. Career satisfaction rates were stratified by age and gender. A total of 124 respondents completed the entire survey, for a response rate of 31.6%. Among the respondents, 62.1% were males, the median age was 52 years, and 85.7% had completed an OM postdoctoral training program in North America. The median length of respondents’ program was two years (range 1–6), and program types were one or a combination of certificate (44.1%), master's degree (21.2%), and postdoctoral fellowship (9.3%). A third (31.4%) of the respondents were employed at a university. The median score for respondents’ satisfaction with their current job was eight on a scale from 0 to 10, though younger respondents (<39 years of age) were less satisfied with their positions than were older respondents (p<0.001). Management of oral mucosal diseases represented 23.7% of the respondents’ patient care time. These OM specialists reported a high degree of satisfaction with their careers. These findings may help increase recognition of OM as a desirable career path and of the varied career opportunities available in academia, hospitals, and private practices.
Amelioration of Urban Temperature through Landscape Design Approaching Hot-Humid Climate: A Review
Authors: Syed Othman Thani Sharifah Khalizah , Nik Mohamad Nik Hanita , Idilfitri Sabrina
Published: May 2018

This paper discusses a conceptual review of sustainable landscape design approach as mitigating strategies to modify urban temperature in a hot- humid climate.The amelioration of urban temperature through landscape approach can be achieved by incorporating sustainable landscape design practices via the interplay of natural vegetation in the hot-humid tropics. The findings of this paper are hoped to guide the practitioners in landscape architecture, policy makers and urban designers to incorporate sustainable landscape design approach towards improving outdoor thermal comfort; thus providing a better quality of life.
Development of Urban Green Space Affects Neighbourhood Community Social Interaction
Authors: Rasidi Mohd Hisyam , Jamirsah Nurzuliza , Said Ismail
Published: May 2018

While Malaysia is heading for urbanization, urban green space degradation had occurred. Malaysia's typical urban green space had shown the demotion of social interaction among urban residents. Hence, this research aimed to understand the designs of typical Malaysian green spaces which are believed to enhance community social interactions. Variables measured were the physical and natural characteristics of selected green spaces including activities, attractions and settings. The observation took place during representative weekdays, weekends and public holidays in those green spaces. The result suggested that the diversity of subspaces including vegetation density, animal populations, undulating landforms and water bodies afford social interaction behavior.
Modeling the Impacts of Local Factors for Healthcare Building Energy Performance Improvement in Thailand
Authors: Somboonwit Nuttasit , Sahachaisaeree Nopadon
Published: May 2018

This research aims to perform, compare, and evaluate Integrated Building Design (IBD) processes, collaborating the Building Information Modeling (BIM) with Building Performance Simulation (BPS) applications to perform energy analysis and to improve the building energy performance of a Generalizable Building Design (GBD), a universal application on health care facilities design in Thailand. The IBD processes produce the simulation results in a harmonious direction. Slight variation in building orientation could alter the extent of energy consumption. The integration of the three measures could minimize energy consumption greatly. The study addresses the limitations of the IBDs in the software integration processes.
A brief review on intellectual property rights with special attention on patent
Authors: Rout Susanta Kumar
Published: May 2018

Intellectual property (IP) is about promoting progress and innovation. Patents, Copyrights, Geographical Indication, Trademarks, Industrial design and Trade secrets are the most common forms of IPRs. Intellectual property rights (IPR) refer to the legal protection accorded to certain inventions or creations of the mind. Intellectual property has increasingly assumed a vital role with the rapid pace of technological, scientific and medical innovation now a day. Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) are viewed as being of increasing importance in many fields of business. Patents represent a resource for both legal (ownership, inventors, reassignments, claims, etc.) and technology-rich prior art (background, specifications, etc.). Patents are accompanied by detailed textual descriptions of the inventions, and often, by drawings of electrical, mechanical, or chemical structures. Patent is recognition for an invention, which satisfies the criteria of global novelty, non-obviousness, and industrial application. IPR is prerequisite for better identification, planning, commercialization, rendering, and thereby protection of invention or creativity.  However, one potential hindrance to their being considered of significant value is the lack of information to the public. Thus, this review paper represents a brief data on the concept of Intellectual property rights.
Processamento auditivo central e desnutrição infantil: revisão sistemática / Central auditory processing and child undernutrition: a systematic review
Authors: Burkhard Laura Fabiana , Rechia Inaê Costa , Grokoski Kamila Castro , Ribas Letícia Pacheco , Machado Márcia Salgado
Published: May 2018

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as prováveis inter-relações entre a desnutrição e as alterações do processamento auditivo central. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de literatura, na qual foram encontrados 2543 estudos. Três trabalhos atenderam a todos os critérios e foram selecionados. Os resultados encontrados na avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo central em sujeitos desnutridos ou com histórico de desnutrição demonstraram alterações na escuta competitiva, habilidade de sequencialização sonora verbal e não verbal, fechamento auditivo e figura fundo. Além disso, na avaliação do processamento por meio de medidas eletrofisiológicas, foram identificadas latências aumentadas nos componentes P1, N1 e P300. Existem prováveis evidências de alteração no processamento auditivo central em crianças com histórico de desnutrição. No entanto, tais inter-relações ainda precisam ser aprofundadas e esclarecidas em outros estudos. Em decorrência da complexidade deste assunto, destaca-se a importância da atuação e pesquisa transdisciplinar nas interfaces da Fonoaudiologia e da Nutrição.Palavras-Chave: Desenvolvimento infantil; Desnutrição; Audição; Perda auditiva; Transtornos da percepção auditiva; Doenças auditivas centraisABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to analyze the possible interrelationships between malnutrition and auditory processing disorders. It is a systematic review of the literature. The search found 2543 studies. The three that met all the study criteria were selected. The results in behavioral auditory processing evaluation in undernourished subjects or subjects with malnutrition history have shown changes in the competitive listening, verbal sound sequencing skills and non-verbal, auditory closure and figure background. Moreover, the evaluation processing through electrophysiological measurements were latencies identified in increased P1, N1 and P300. There is possible evidence of change in auditory processing in children with malnutrition history. However, these interrelationships have yet to be deepened and clarified in other studies. Due to the complexity of this subject, the importance of transdisciplinary research and performance in the speech-language and nutritional interfaces is highlighted.Keywords: Child development; Malnutrition; Hearing; Hearing loss; Auditory perceptual disorders; Central auditory diseases
Editorial
Authors: Sahagún-Navarro Marta , Parra-Montoya Yuly-Marcela
Published: May 2018

Editorial
El desentrenamiento: un subsistema necesario en la preparación del deportista cubano
Authors: Zamora-Castro Rolando , Frómeta-Moreira Noralmis
Published: May 2018

El objetivo de este artículo consistió en elaborar una estructura sistémica, donde se integre por primera vez el desentrenamiento a la «preparación del deportista» cubano, pues hasta ahora está separado de la misma. La original propuesta de «periodización del entrenamiento deportivo» de Matveev (1977), se tomó como el principal referente de este estudio, aunque después de ese hecho han surgido otros modelos de entrenamiento más a tono con las exigencias competitivas actuales en el mundo. Autores como Morales (2016), Pino (2014), Mena, (2014), Mustelier (2014), Pérez y Soria (2014), Mayo (2012), Crusellas (2012), Pérez (2012) y otros, estudiar al desentrenamiento desde las perspectivas médicas o metodológicas, pero ninguno lo reconoció como parte de la «preparación del deportista». Ese vacío filosófico se aprovechó en este estudio y así contribuir a propiciar su conocimiento teórico y práctico. Entre los métodos teóricos se emplearon el análisis-síntesis y el hipotético-deductivo, de los empíricos, el sistémico-estructural-funcional, el taller de familiarización. Entre los resultados más sobresalientes se destacaron la conciliación de las opiniones de los comisionados del deporte de Santiago de Cuba, quienes por primera vez reconocieron sus obligaciones éticas y humanistas en ser partícipes en la preservación de la salud de sus deportistas al cesar sus rutinas de modo definitivo. La conclusión más representativa de este artículo consistió en agregar una estructura capaz de equilibrar los efectos del entrenamiento dentro de la propia «preparación del deportista», elevando así su carácter ético-humanista.
Strategi Publikasi Arsip kepada Masyarakat Melalui Naskah Sumber Arsip Studi pada Arsip Universitas Gadjah Mada
Authors: Setyawan Herman
Published: May 2018

AbstractThrough the concept of archival study, documents are managed through the stages of records management and archival administration. In the concept of records management, records created through birth and adoption then undergo active life stages of use and maintenance. After the records is useless, the document will enter the stage of death, but there is a reborn/reincarnated archive, the archive that has a continuing value. Archives that have continuing value are not just stored, you should be utilized for the community. Therefore, the existence of archives should be published to heterogeneous communities through popular publications that are easy to read and easy to understand, one of which is with the source script.Intisari Melalui konsep archival study, dokumen dikelola melalui tahap records management dan archival administration. Dalam konsep records management, arsip yang tercipta melalui pembuatan dan penerimaan kemudian memasuki tahap hidup aktif berupa penggunaan dan pemeliharaan. Setelah arsip tidak berguna maka arsip akan memasuki tahap kematian, namun ada arsip yang terlahir kembali/reinkarnasi, yaitu arsip yang memiliki nilai keberlanjutan. Arsip yang memiliki nilai keberlanjutan tidak sekedar disimpan, namun harus didayagunakan untuk masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, keberadaan arsip harus dipublikasikan kepada masyarakat yang heterogen melalui publikasi populer yang mudah dibaca dan mudah dipahami, salah satunya adalah dengan naskah sumber.
Analisis Naratif Pada Proses Pembelajaran Bahasa Jepang di Perguruan Tinggi dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pilihan Masa Depan Pembelajar Setelah Lulus
Authors: Djafri Fatmawati
Published: May 2018

This study examines the significant factors constituted in the meaning-making process of Japanese learning in higher educational context. It employs narrative inquiry approach to investigate the process of motivational change among Japanese learners and how it has impacted on their future choices after graduating from university. Based on the analysis using theoretical frameworks of Dörnyei's L2 Motivational Self System and Norton's investment in language learning, this study found two types of motivational changes experienced by Japanese learners, namely the initial-confirmation/practical-development type and the initial-anxiety-withdrawal type. The result of this study proposes some key roles of Japanese department as a higher educational institution which plays in fostering global human resources and provides important insights into the development of Japanese language education in Indonesia.
Strategi Pengembangan Daya Tarik Kota Lasem Sebagai Kota Batik-Kopi
Authors: Wibowo Tangguh Okta
Published: May 2018

This article explores about the tourism potency of Lasem city, a district located in Rembang Regency, Central Java. Data are collected from information circulating on the internet, some testimonials from blogs, and also observations from researchers directly. This article uses city branding theory to explore tourist destination and to maximize the potential things that can be developed. From the results of  discussion, the strategies for developing Lasem city to attract many visitors are to formulate a new city branding for Lasem city supported by the development of infrastructure for supporting a city branding: the Lasem as Batik-Coffee City.
Analisis Strategi Pemasaran Industri Tenun di Desa Wisata Gamplong Kabupaten Sleman
Authors: Sari Ratih Indah , Budiani Sri Rahayu
Published: May 2018

Strategi pemasaran sangat diperlukan dalam menghadapi kegiatan perdagangan yang semakin maju. Untuk itu IKM dituntut lebih inovatif agar produk yang dipasarkan tidak kalah saing dengan produk daerah lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan 1) Mengetahui faktor lingkungan internal yang berpengaruh terhadap strategi pemasaran industri tenun Gamplong, 2) Mengetahui  faktor lingkungan eksternal yang berpengaruh terhadap strategi pemasaran industri tenun Gamplong, dan 3) Mengetahui sistem pemasaran yang sesuai untuk industri tenun Gamplong. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dimana data diperoleh dengan cara wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Wawancara dilakukan di Desa Wisata Gamplong yang merupakan sentra industri tenun di Kecamatan Moyudan. Hasil lapangan digunakan untuk analisis SWOT yang terdiri dari tabel IFAS, tabel EFAS, matriks IE, dan matriks SWOT. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan faktor internal yang berpengaruh berupa: kepemilikan alat secara pribadi, inovasi produk dan bahan baku, harga terjangkau, kurangnya promosi, keterbatasan modal usaha, kendala komunikasi, dan kurangnya link pemasaran. Faktor eksternal yang berpengaruh berupa: pasar luas dengan posisinya sebagai desa wisata, adanya pelatihan industri, kurangnya pengetahuan tentang inovasi, konflik internal, adanya pasar global, dan regenerasi pengrajin tenun. Strategi pemasaran yang sesuai untuk industri tenun Gamplong adalah strategi menjaga dan mempertahankan.
Analisis Laju Sedimen DAS Serayu Hulu dengan Menggunakan Model SWAT
Authors: Christanto Nugroho , Setiawan Muhammad Anggri , Nurkholis Afid , Istiqomah Saidah , Sartohadi Junun , Hadi M Pramono
Published: May 2018

Wilayah DAS Serayu Hulu merupakan DAS prioritas yang memerlukan langkah pengelolaan yang komprehensif. Aplikasi model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) dapat digunakan sebagai media untuk  perencanaan konservasi ataupun evaluasi respon DAS (debit aliran permukaan, sedimen dan pencemaran sungai). Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah menjalankan model SWAT di DAS Serayu Hulu untuk mengetahui laju sedimen di wilayah ini. Pemodelan SWAT membutuhkan sejumlah input parameter berupa relief, tanah, tutupan lahan dan pengelolaan lahan. Pedogeomorfologi digunakan sebagai batas satuan tanah karena tidak tersedianya peta tanah di wilayah penelitian. Hasil Penerapan model SWAT di DAS Serayu Hulu menghasilkan nilai yang cukup memuaskan, hal ini ditunjukkan nilai R2 mencapai 0,94. Hasil pemodelan SWAT dengan menggunakan data selama 10 tahun (2004-2013) menunjukkan bahwa DAS Serayu Hulu memiliki rerata hasil sedimen sebesar 1.926.900 ton/tahun. Sub DAS 8,9 11, 17, 18, dan 19 merupakan penghasil sedimen tertinggi di DAS Serayu Hulu dengan hasil sedimen 43.931– 121.434 ton/ha/tahun.
Hidrostratigrafi Akuifer dan Estimasi Potensi Airtanah Bebas Guna Mendukung Kebutuhan Air Domestik Desa Sembungan
Authors: Putri Melati Ayuning , Risanti Anindya Arma , Cahyono Kurniawan Andre , Latifah Latifah , Rahmawati Novita , Ariefin Roesdi Fitra , Prameswari Safira , Waskito Wisnu Agung , Adji Tjahyo Nugroho , Cahyadi Ahmad
Published: May 2018

Desa Sembungan termasuk desa yang berbasis pada sektor pertanian dan pariwisata. Seiring berkembangnya sektor tersebut, perlu adanya kajian airtanah khususnya untuk kebutuhan domestik. Kuantitas airtanah pada suatu daerah sangat berkaitan dengan sistem dan karakteristik akuifer batuan penyusunnya. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah (1) menganalisis struktur hidrostratigrafi akuifer di Desa Sembungan dan (2) mengetahui potensi airtanah bebas untuk kebutuhan air domestik di Desa Sembungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode geolistrik tahanan jenis konfigurasi Schlumberger dalam investigasi keberadaan airtanah untuk mencapai tujuan pertama dan wawancara jenuh terkait penggunaan kebutuhan air domestik untuk mencapai tujuan kedua. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akuifer Desa Sembungan merupakan akuifer bebas dengan lapisan akuifer terdiri dari lapisan lempung, airtanah, andesit basaltic dan endapan tuffan alterasi. Ketebalan akuifer berkisar 3 hingga 7,8 meter. Desa Sembungan memiliki potensi airtanah bebas sebesar 5,47 milyar liter untuk kebutuhan air domestik dalam  satu tahun  sebesar 87.994.985,3 liter/tahun sehingga Desa Sembungan memiliki potensi airtanah dengan kuantitas yang besar dan mencukupi kebutuhan masyarakat.
Exchange Rate and World Currency
Authors: Liu Fengquan
Published: May 2018

This paper explores the derivation of exchange rate and the way of world currency issuing, and some findings are captured as: the world’s currency demand is equal to the global export increment, and that every nation’s world currency needs should equal to their own export increment. Currently, there are issues with the existing world currency system, which many countries or regions call for change. Because all the existing proposals in the field have their constraints, so this paper suggests that the world central bank issuing a global currency with which each country would take its own share and maintain that the world currency supply to be equal to the global export increments. This will be more sustainable for international business and this theory of world currency does have advantage over existing systems.