bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Median Aggregation of Distribution Functions
Authors: Hora Stephen C. , Fransen Benjamin R. , Hawkins Natasha , Susel Irving
Published: December 2013

When multiple redundant probabilistic judgments are obtained from subject matter experts, it is common practice to aggregate their differing views into a single probability or distribution. Although many methods have been proposed for mathematical aggregation, no single procedure has gained universal acceptance. The most widely used procedure is simple arithmetic averaging, which has both desirable and undesirable properties. Here we propose an alternative for aggregating distribution functions that is based on the median cumulative probabilities at fixed values of the variable. It is shown that aggregating cumulative probabilities by medians is equivalent, under certain conditions, to aggregating quantiles. Moreover, the median aggregate has better calibration than mean aggregation of probabilities when the experts are independent and well calibrated and produces sharper aggregate distributions for well-calibrated and independent experts when they report a common location-scale distribution. We also compare median aggregation to mean aggregation of quantiles.
From the Editor—Median Aggregation, Scoring Rules, Expert Forecasts, Choices with Binary Attributes, Portfolio with Dependent Projects, and Information Security
Authors: Sarin Rakesh K.
Published: December 2013

The December issue of Decision Analysis contains six articles. Our first three papers aim to improve the quality of probability judgments. Hora, Fransen, Hawkins, and Susel argue that medium aggregation of distribution functions works better than mean aggregation of probabilities. Merkle and Steyvers examine the relative attractiveness of different scorings rules. Karvetski, Olson, Mandel, and Twardy propose a coherence weighted probability aggregation rule for combining expert forecasts. Our fourth paper by Katsikopoulos presents a theory that explains why simple heuristics often perform well in multiattribute choices with binary attributes. Bhattacharjya, Eidsvik, and Mukerji provide closed-form results for value of information in the context of portfolio selection with dependent projects. Finally, Gao, Zhong, and Mei use game theory to analyze information security. All of the papers have a common purpose of improving decisions in private and public domains.
Risk-Sensitive Control for the Multiclass Many-Server Queues in the Moderate Deviation Regime
Authors: Biswas Anup
Published: December 2013

A G/M/N queue is considered in the moderate deviation heavy traffic regime. The rate function for the customers-in-system process is obtained for the single class model. A risk-sensitive type control problem is considered for multiclass G/M/N model under the moderate deviation scaling and shown that the optimal control problem is related to a differential game problem.
New and updated reviews published by the Cochrane collaboration.
Authors: Das A.
Published: December 2013

While the Cochrane Collaboration have been busy over the last four months, only a handful of their published reviews have been of any relevance to orthopaedic and trauma surgeons. Those that are provide the reader with an overview of work on imaging modalities, antibiotic therapy, changes to the surgical site dressing and practices surrounding post-operative wound management, including post-op bathing and negative pressure wound therapy for use in the treatment of diabetic foot wounds.
Rethinking the travel of ideas: policy translation in the water sector
Authors: Mukhtarov Farhad
Published: December 2013

The travel of policy ideas across countries is a widely acknowledged phenomenon. Conventional approaches to the study of this process hinge on concepts such as ‘policy transfer’, ‘policy diffusion’, ‘lesson-drawing’ and ‘institutional isomorphism’. These approaches are influential in understanding public policy; however, they assume perfect rationality of actors, the stability of governance scales and the immutability of policy ideas in their travel. I propose policy translation as a new approach to counter these shortcomings and study the travel of policy ideas in order to shed light on pertaining policy questions, such as whether the travel of policy ideas may be navigated, and if so, how. I illustrate the relevance and value of policy translation with a case study from the water sector in Turkey.
Terrorism Prevention and Investigation Measures: Constitutional Evolution, Not Revolution?
Authors: Middleton Ben
Published: December 2013

This article analyses the Terrorism Prevention and Investigation Measures (TPIM) regime, which replaced the controversial system of control orders, and examines recent jurisprudence. It suggests that changes can be made to individual TPIM notices and to constitutional oversight mechanisms both of the regime and in counter-terrorism law generally. At the individual level, reform to TPIM notices would help further the evolution of counter-terrorism law towards ideals intrinsic to the rule of law. At a more general level, increased constitutional safeguards should be considered, not just as a feature of the TPIM regime, but also as a template for evolutionary change to other counter-terrorism powers. The ultimate aim should be to relinquish the use of TPIMs in favour of prosecution and surveillance strategies.
FOREWORD: THREE QUARTERS A CENTURY
Authors: Exner Pavel
Published: December 2013

Foreword
“A Sketch of Some of the Earliest Kentucky Pioneers of Los Angeles,” by Stephen C. Foster
Authors: Engstrand Iris H. W.
Published: December 2013

Nathaniel Pryor arrived in California in 1828 as a fur-trapper. He was jailed temporarily in San Diego, experienced the kindness of Californios, and found employment as a silversmith in southern California missions. He settled in Los Angeles, where he resided for over twenty years until his death in 1850. His friend Stephen C. Foster recounted Pryor’s story in 1887.
“Reminiscences: My First Procession in Los Angeles, March 16, 1847,” by Stephen C. Foster
Authors: Winders Richard Bruce
Published: December 2013

The US Army 1st Dragoons recruited five companies of Mormon outcasts in Council Bluffs, Iowa, and marched them 2,200 miles to California (building a road en route) to reinforce Kearny’s troops in the California theater of the US-Mexico War. In Santa Fe, the army hired Stephen C. Foster as interpreter. Foster records the news from the California front received by the officers and the condition of the infantry recruits along the way. After they arrived in San Diego in 1847, they were dispatched to relieve the occupation force in Los Angeles. Foster vividly describes the parade of weary and ragged infantrymen marching past the better-dressed Californios and their Indian servants to mark the US conquest of California.
Genetic and Genomic Literacy in Pediatric Primary Care
Authors: Saul Robert A.
Published: December 2013

A colloquium on genetic literacy in pediatric primary care sponsored by the Health Resources and Services Administration Maternal and Child Health Bureau was held at the American Academy of Pediatrics headquarters on October 2–3, 2012. The overarching goal of the colloquium was to provide context for delivery of genetics-related services in day-to-day pediatric primary care practice, encompassing 3 dimensions of medicine: prevention, diagnosis, and management. Participants considered the whole spectrum of disease, from rare disorders to common disorders, the genetics-related components of which are often overlooked. Specific topics included family history, genomics, genetic literacy and competency, epigenetics, and a focused view of primary care and genetics. A consensus statement was developed to provide recommendations for integration of genetics into pediatric primary care.
Family History in Primary Care Pediatrics
Authors: Tarini Beth A. , McInerney Joseph D.
Published: December 2013

The family history has been called the first genetic test; it was a core element of primary care long before the current wave of genetics technologies and services became clinically relevant. Risk assessment based on family history allows providers to personalize and prioritize health messages, shifts the focus of health care from treatment to prevention, and can empower individuals and families to be stewards of their own health. In a world of rising health care costs, the family history is an important tool, with its primary cost being the clinician’s time. However, a recent National Institutes of Health conference highlighted the lack of substantive evidence to support the clinical utility of family histories. Annual collection of a comprehensive 3-generation family history has been held up as the gold standard for practice. However, interval family histories targeted to symptoms and family histories tailored to a child’s life stage (ie, age-based health) may be important and underappreciated methods of collecting family history that yield clinically actionable data and supplement existing family history information. In this article, we review the various applications, as well as capabilities and limitations, of the family history for primary care providers.
Primary Care and Genetics and Genomics
Authors: Scott Joan , Trotter Tracy
Published: December 2013

With the recent expansion of genetic science, its evolving translation to clinical medicine, and the growing number of available resources for genomics in primary care, the primary care provider must increasingly integrate genetics and genomics into daily practice. Because primary care medicine combines the treatment of acute illness with disease prevention and anticipatory guidance, the primary care provider is in an ideal position to evaluate and treat patients for genetic disease. The notion that genetic knowledge is only rarely needed will have to be replaced with a comprehensive approach that integrates “genetic thinking” into every patient encounter. Genomic competencies will need to be added to the primary care provider’s repertoire; such competencies include prevention, assessment, evaluation, and diagnosis of genetic conditions; the ordering and interpreting of genetic tests; communication with families; appropriate referrals; and the management or comanagement of care. The process of deciding when to order genetic tests, what tests to order, and how to interpret the results is complex, and the tests and their results have specific risks and benefits, especially for pediatric patients. The longitudinal nature of primary pediatric care provides the opportunity to obtain and continually update the family history, which is the most powerful initial genetic “test.” The ongoing provider–family relationship, coupled with the astounding number of advances in genetic and genomic testing, also necessitates a constant re-evaluation of past diagnosis or nondiagnosis.
Medical students of Hungary. A changing profession or feminisation?
Authors: Győrffy Zsuzsa , Csala Irén , Sándor Imola
Published: December 2013

Introduction: Career motivations, professional socialization, as well as somatic and mental health of medical students have received a growing interest. Aim: To explore gender-related differences among medical students in the fields of career motivations, somatic and mental health, and stress factors. Method: Nationwide, cross-sectional, quantitative survey on a sample of medical students (n = 731). Results: Female medical students choose their profession earlier, and their career motivations are more altruistic than their male colleagues. The lack of the role model is more typical for females. Female students have more psychosomatic disorders, and complain about more stress factors than males. Workload, sleeping disorders and emotional exhaustion are significantly higher among female medical students. Conclusions: The results show that health protection of female medical students may have a key role in the prevention of subsequent morbidity of female physicians in Hungary. Orv. Hetil., 154(49), 1950–1958.
Evaluation of pulmonary arterial stiffness using routine clinical imaging methods
Authors: Nemes Attila , Forster Tamás
Published: December 2013

Recently, there has been much debate about pulmonary hypertension due to modern therapeutic options available. Arterial hypertension is frequently associated with stiffening of a given artery. The aim of the present review is to present clinical imaging methods for the evaluation of the function and stiffness of the pulmonary artery. Orv. Hetil., 154(49), 1931–1933.
Perspective of strategic plasma therapy for prognostic improvement of patients with ovarian cancer
Authors: Kajiyama Hiroaki , Utsumi Fumi , Nakamura Kae , Tanaka Hiromasa , Hori Masaru , Kikkawa Fumitaka
Published: December 2013

Epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women in Western countries. Once patients experience recurrence, complete cure is almost impossible. We elucidated the effect of nonequilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma on the growth of EOC, particularly in plasma-activated medium (PAM). Furthermore, we examined the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or their scavengers in chronic antineoplastic-resistant EOC cells. As a result, we showed PAM induced the antitumor effect of EOC cells in vitro and in vivo, even in chemoresistant cells. To apply the plasma treatment for advanced or recurrent EOC, we suggest adopting indirect plasma therapy instead of direct plasma considering intraperitoneal administration in the future. However, there are several problems under investigation, including intracellular mechanism of antitumor effect by PAM and adverse event in vivo.
Introduction
Authors: Wise Tim
Published: December 2013

Tim Wise introduces this special issue of Popular Music History.
Is any press good press?
Authors: Edwards Maryn
Published: December 2013

One method utilised in the field of media relations is the practice of framing. Within its sociological application, framing posits that as information is compartmentalised into a specific ‘frame’ and disseminated from the sender to the receiver, the point of view the receiver takes will be generally in line with that of the frame. Framing can be a critical tool to ensure that an organisation’s/artist’s key messages are covered in the preferred manner in the press, and that certain storylines or ‘spin’ are avoided in future reporting. Using a media content analysis, this paper seeks to uncover trends and the way framing affected media coverage in two key time periods in Take That’s reunion: 2005–2006 and 2010. It also identifies the idea of the ‘controlled reunion’ versus the ‘uncontrolled reunion’, and uses the theoretical notions of framing as support.
Multiple damnations
Authors: Duffett Mark
Published: December 2013

While the boy band genre has mutated and evolved, its popular portrayal has altered little since groups like New Edition and New Kids on the Block conquered the charts back in the late 1980s. After examining recent critical commentaries from Facebook-based ‘anti-fans’ and music critic Paul Morley, the article suggests that four discourses—youth, exploitation, gender and fandom— interlock to determine how commentators discuss the genre. Collectively their result is a relative stasis in critical commentary which helps to allay wider anxieties about the idea that, in a capitalist society, any of us can actively and pleasurably engage with a musical genre led by its own marketing.
Breakup and reunion from a psychoanalytic perspective
Authors: Nolte Tobias
Published: December 2013

This article examines from a Kleinian psychoanalytic perspective the implications of a band’s breakup and reunion on fandom. The impact and meaning of these processes for a fan’s internal world are explored using applied object relations theory. The vicissitudes of unconscious phantasies regarding internal objects and their meaning are traced from a band’s formation via the full breakup to the potential and actual reunion. Freud’s ‘Mourning and Melancholia’ serves as a basis to understand a fan’s response to the loss of an idealized object. Processes of projection and a gradual psychic integration that are characteristic of a shift from a paranoid-schizoid to a depressive position in Kleinian terms are explored in the case of Take That’s band history alongside possible psychic defences that are employed by a fan in response to a boy group’s breakup. Focusing on Kleinian theory, this article introduces the meaning of band reunions and how these relate to psychoanalytic notions of reparation and unconscious guilt.
Resource notes
Authors: Linehan Andy
Published: December 2013

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Minority language, majority canon
Authors: Hill Sarah
Published: December 2013

In this article I explore the idea of ‘canon’ in a lesser spoken language culture. The sense of ‘canon’ in Welsh popular music is intimately related to political and cultural activity, and ‘canonical’ figures are often inseparable from their involvement in the movement to secure a future for the Welsh language. By examining the relationship between the Anglo-American ‘majority’ canon and its ‘minority’ Welsh counterpart, I engage with the process of historicizing Welsh popular music on its own musical and chronological terms as but one in a possible network of ‘microcanons’ that exist to challenge Anglo-American cultural dominance.
Vascular Alterations in the Sprague-Dawley Rat Mandible During Intravenous Bisphosphonate Therapy
Authors: Guevarra Chestine S. , Borke James L. , Stevens Mark R. , Bisch Fredrick C. , Zakhary Ibrahim , Messer Regina , Gerlach Robert C. , Elsalanty Mohammed E.
Published: December 2013

Long-term use of intravenous bisphosphonates, such as zoledronic acid (zoledronate), has been linked to bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). Invasive dental surgery seems to trigger the bone necrosis in most cases. To determine the effects of zoledronic acid on the vascular structure of the rat mandible. Extracted of the mandibular first molar in rats that received 2 IV injections of zoledronate (20 μg/kg), 4 weeks apart. Zoledronate-treated rats (n = 18) were then compared to a control group of untreated rats (n = 18). At the fourth, eighth, and 12th week after molar extraction, 8 rat mandibles from each group were perfused with 35% radiopaque triphenylbismuth in methyl methacrylate via carotid artery perfusion. Mandibles were harvested and examined by micro-CT to assess the spatial and dimensional changes of the vasculature as a result of zoledronate treatment. The micro-CT analysis showed that zoledronic acid-treated rats had blood vessels that were thicker, less connected, and less ordered than control rats that were not exposed to zoledronic acid. This study demonstrated that treatment with zoledronic acid in rats is associated with vascular changes in alveolar bone. Further studies are underway to explore whether these vascular changes contribute to the pathogenesis of BRONJ.
The Effects of Hyperlipidemia on Implant Osseointegration in the Mouse Femur
Authors: Keuroghlian Armand , Barroso Ana Dilza Viana , Kirikian Gary , Bezouglaia Olga , Tintut Yin , Tetradis Sotirios , Moy Peter , Pirih Flavia , Aghaloo Tara
Published: December 2013

A high-fat (HF) diet inducing hyperlipidemia has been associated with the pathophysiology of major diseases, such as atherosclerosis and osteoporosis. A HF diet has significant adverse effects on bone, including lower bone density, volume, and strength. Statins, drugs that lower serum cholesterol levels have beneficial effects on bone metabolism. Since the host's bone quantity, quality, and healing potential play a crucial role in osseointegration of dental implants, we hypothesized that hyperlipidemia may negatively affect implant osseointegration. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of hyperlipidemia on implant osseointegration in mice. Atherosclerosis susceptible C57BL/6J male mice were randomly placed on a control chow or a HF diet. After 12 weeks on the diet, each mouse received a titanium implant in the proximal metaphysis of the femur. The animals were humanely killed at 4 or 8 weeks after the implant surgery. Results showed that the mice fed a HF diet had significantly increased implant loss as well as decreased formation and strength of bone-to-implant interface. These results support the hypothesis that a HF diet can significantly compromise osseointegration, causing poor outcome in dental implant therapy.
PHLEBOTOMINE SANDFLIES IN RURAL LOCATIONS IN THE STATE OF PARANA, SOUTHERN BRAZIL
Authors: Melo Simone Cristina Castanho Sabaini de , Cella Wilsandrei , Massafera Rubens , Silva Natalia Maria Maciel Guerra , Marqui Reinaldo , Carvalho Maria Dalva de Barros , Teodoro Ueslei
Published: December 2013

SUMMARY This study reports the fauna and frequency of sandflies in domestic animal shelters, residences and other ecotopes in rural areas of the municipality of Bandeirantes, Paraná State. Sandflies were collected twice in eight rural villages by using Falcon traps from 8pm to 6am in 2008. In these localities 4,790 sandflies were collected, which were represented by ten sandfly species, prevailing of Nyssomyia neivai and Nyssomyia whitmani species. It was observed that animal shelters are the domestic ecotopes where there is the greatest frequency of these insects. The localities where the collections were made had the environmental characteristics that allow the persistence of transmission of parasites from the American tegumentary leishmaniasis. Although the fauna and the behavior of sandflies species are similar in different localities, the method of controlling these insects should be adjusted to the environmental characteristics of each one of the most diverse endemic areas of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipalities of Paraná State.
When the non-contrast-enhanced phase is unnecessary in abdominal computed tomography scans? A retrospective analysis of 244 cases
Authors: Costa Danilo Manuel Cerqueira , Salvadori Priscila Silveira , Monjardim Rodrigo da Fonseca , Bretas Elisa Almeida Sathler , Torres Lucas Rios , Caldana Rogerio Pedreschi , Shigueoka David Carlos , Medeiros Regina Bitelli , D'ippolito Giuseppe
Published: December 2013

Objective: To evaluate the necessity of the non contrast-enhanced phase in abdominal computed tomography scans. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study was developed, evaluating 244 consecutive abdominal computed tomography scans both with and without contrast injection. Initially, the contrast-enhanced images were analyzed (first analysis). Subsequently, the observers had access to the non-contrast-enhanced images for a second analysis. The primary and secondary diagnoses were established as a function of the clinical indications for each study (such as tumor staging, acute abdomen, investigation for abdominal collection and hepatocellular carcinoma, among others). Finally, the changes in the diagnoses resulting from the addition of the non-contrast-enhanced phase were evaluated. Results: Only one (0.4%; p > 0.999; non-statistically significant) out of the 244 reviewed cases had the diagnosis changed after the reading of non-contrast-enhanced images. As the secondary diagnoses are considered, 35 (14%) cases presented changes after the second analysis, as follows: nephrolithiasis (10%), steatosis (3%), adrenal nodule (0.7%) and cholelithiasis (0.3%). Conclusion: For the clinical indications of tumor staging, acute abdomen, investigation of abdominal collections and hepatocellular carcinoma, the non-contrast-enhanced phase can be excluded from abdominal computed tomography studies with no significant impact on the diagnosis.
Positive predictive values of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS®) categories 3, 4 and 5 in breast lesions submitted to percutaneous biopsy
Authors: Badan Gustavo Machado , Roveda Júnior Décio , Ferreira Carlos Alberto Pecci , Ferreira Felipe Augusto Trocoli , Fleury Eduardo de Faria Castro , Campos Mário Sérgio Dantas do Amaral , Seleti Rodrigo de Oliveira , Cruz Júnior Hélio da
Published: December 2013

Objective To evaluate the BI-RADS as a predictive factor of suspicion for malignancy in breast lesions by correlating radiological with histological results and calculating the positive predictive value for categories 3, 4 and 5 in a breast cancer reference center in the city of São Paulo. Materials and Methods Retrospective, analytical and cross-sectional study including 725 patients with mammographic and/or sonographic findings classified as BI-RADS categories 3, 4 and 5 who were referred to the authors' institution to undergo percutaneous biopsy. The tests results were reviewed and the positive predictive value was calculated by means of a specific mathematical equation. Results Positive predictive values found for categories 3, 4 and 5 were respectively the following: 0.74%, 33.08% and 92.95%, for cases submitted to ultrasound-guided biopsy, and 0.00%, 14.90% and 100% for cases submitted to stereotactic biopsy. Conclusion The present study demonstrated high suspicion for malignancy in lesions classified as category 5 and low risk for category 3. As regards category 4, the need for systematic biopsies was observed.
Congenital inferior vena cava anomalies: a review of findings at multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Yang Catherine , Trad Henrique Simão , Mendonça Silvana Machado , Trad Clovis Simão
Published: December 2013

Inferior vena cava anomalies are rare, occurring in up to 8.7% of the population, as left renal vein anomalies are considered. The inferior vena cava develops from the sixth to the eighth gestational weeks, originating from three paired embryonic veins, namely the subcardinal, supracardinal and postcardinal veins. This complex ontogenesis of the inferior vena cava, with multiple anastomoses between the pairs of embryonic veins, leads to a number of anatomic variations in the venous return from the abdomen and lower limbs. Some of such variations have significant clinical and surgical implications related to other cardiovascular anomalies and in some cases associated with venous thrombosis of lower limbs, particularly in young adults. The authors reviewed images of ten patients with inferior vena cava anomalies, three of them with deep venous thrombosis. The authors highlight the major findings of inferior vena cava anomalies at multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, correlating them the embryonic development and demonstrating the main alternative pathways for venous drainage. The knowledge on the inferior vena cava anomalies is critical in the assessment of abdominal images to avoid misdiagnosis and to indicate the possibility of associated anomalies, besides clinical and surgical implications.
Step-by-step of ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy of the breast: review and technique
Authors: Rocha Rafael Dahmer , Pinto Renata Reis , Tavares Diogo Paes Barreto Aquino , Gonçalves Cláudia Sofia Aires
Published: December 2013

Ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy has high sensitivity in the diagnosis of breast cancer. The present study is aimed at detailing the main steps of such procedure, including indications, advantages, limitations, follow-up and description of the technique, besides presenting a checklist including the critical steps required for an appropriate practice of the technique. In the recent years, an increasing number of patients have required breast biopsy, indicating the necessity of a proportional increase in the number of skilled professionals to carry out the procedures and histological diagnoses. A multidisciplinary approach involving the tripod clinical practice-radiology-pathology is responsible for the highest rate of accuracy of the technique and must always be adopted.
Evaluation of preoperative computed tomography angiography in association with conventional angiography versus computed tomography angiography only, in the endovascular treatment of aortic diseases
Authors: Metzger Patrick Bastos , Novero Eduardo Rafael , Rossi Fabio Henrique , Moreira Samuel Martins , Linhares Frederico Augusto , Almeida Bruno Lorenção de , Barbato Heraldo Antônio , Izukawa Nilo Mitsuru , Kambara Antonio Massamitsu
Published: December 2013

Objective To evaluate the association of conventional angiography (AG) with computed tomography angiography (CTA) as compared with CTA only, preoperatively, in the treatment of aortic diseases. Materials and Methods Retrospective study involving patients submitted to endovascular treatment of aortic diseases, in the period from January 2009 to July 2010, with use of preoperative CTA + conventional AG or CTA only. The patients were divided into two groups, namely: G1 – thoracic aortic diseases; and G2 – abdominal aortic diseases. G1 was subdivided into 1A (preoperative AG + CTA) and 1B (preoperative CTA). G2 was subdivided into 2C (CTA + AG) and 2D (CTA only). Results The authors evaluated 156 patients. In subgroups 1A and 1B, the rate of technical success was, respectively, 100% and 94.7% (p = 1.0); and the rate of therapeutic success was, respectively, 81% and 58% (p = 0.13). A higher number of complications were observed in subgroup 1B (p = 0.057). The accuracy in the calculation of the prosthesis was higher in subgroup 1A (p = 0.065). In their turn, the rate of technical success in subgroups 2C and 2D was, respectively, 92.3% and 98.6% (p = 0.17). The rate of therapeutic success was 73% and 98.6% (p = 0.79). Conclusion Preoperative conventional AG should be reserved for cases where CTA cannot provide all the information in the planning of a therapeutic intervention.
Computed tomography findings in patients with H1N1 influenza A infection
Authors: Amorim Viviane Brandão , Rodrigues Rosana Souza , Barreto Miriam Menna , Zanetti Gláucia , Marchiori Edson
Published: December 2013

The present study aimed to review high resolution computed tomography findings in patients with H1N1 influenza A infection. The most common tomographic findings include ground-glass opacities, areas of consolidation or a combination of both patterns. Some patients may also present bronchial wall thickening, airspace nodules, crazy-paving pattern, perilobular opacity, air trapping and findings related to organizing pneumonia. These abnormalities are frequently bilateral, with subpleural distribution. Despite their nonspecificity, it is important to recognize the main tomographic findings in patients affected by H1N1 virus in order to include this possibility in the differential diagnosis, characterize complications and contribute in the follow-up, particularly in cases of severe disease.
Tomographic diagnosis and relevant aspects of otosclerosis
Authors: Gaiotti Juliana Oggioni , Gomes Natália Delage , Costa Ana Maria Doffémond , Villela Caroline Laurita Batista Couto , Moreira Wanderval , Diniz Renata Lopes Furletti Caldeira
Published: December 2013

A literature review and pictorial essay were developed to discuss the importance of knowing the main findings and locations of otosclerosis at multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). The authors performed a retrospective review of cases of otosclerosis diagnosed in their institution by means of high resolution multidetector computed tomography. Otosclerosis corresponds to otic capsule dysplasia characterized by metabolic derangement of its endochondral layer. Such condition constitutes a relevant cause of sensorineural hearing loss, affecting about 7% to 10% of the general population. The diagnosis is usually clinical, but imaging methods play a significant role in the anatomical detailing, differential diagnosis, surgical planning and evaluation of postoperative complications. Among such methods, the relevance of MDCT is highlighted. Radiologists should be familiar with the MDCT findings of otosclerosis, as well as with the temporal bone anatomy to assist in the appropriate clinical management of this disease.
Brain metastasis as initial presentation of papillary adenocarcinoma of the lung: case report
Authors: Bispo Irving Gabriel Araújo , Nascimento Diego Teixeira , Ferreira Karina Oliveira , Fakhouri Ricardo , Godinho Atilano Salvador , Ferrão Thiago de Oliveira
Published: December 2013

The authors describe the case of a 33-year-old patient with history of seizures alone without any previous symptom, being diagnosed with brain metastases from primary papillary adenocarcinoma of the lung. Emphasis is given to the diagnostic investigation for brain metastasis and prognostic evaluation of papillary adenocarcinoma of the lung, and a brief literature review on such diseases is performed.
Pulmonary interstitial emphysema: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Amoedo Mauricio Kauark , Souza Luciana Volpon Soares , Souza Antônio Soares , Júnior Arthur Soares Souza , Marchiori Edson
Published: December 2013

Pulmonary interstitial emphysema is a rare condition that generally affects low-weight preterm infants submitted to mechanical ventilation. The prognosis is variable, depending on early diagnosis and treatment. The radiologist plays a key role in this scenario. The authors report a case of persistent pulmonary interstitial emphysema, describing the main characteristics of such entity.
Spontaneous perforation of gallbladder with intrahepatic biloma formation: sonographic signs and correlation with computed tomography
Authors: Hollanda Erick Sabbagh de , Torres Ulysses dos Santos , Gual Fabiana , Oliveira Eduardo Portela de , Cardoso Luciana Vargas , Criado Divanei Aparecida Bottaro
Published: December 2013

Spontaneous perforation of gallbladder is a severe and infrequent complication of acute cholecystitis that requires early and accurate diagnosis. Concomitant development of intrahepatic collections is rarely observed in such cases. The present report emphasizes the relevance of imaging studies in this setting, describing the typical sonographic and tomographic findings for the diagnosis of such condition.
Análise de crescimento de erva-de-touro em competição com soja cultivada sob deficiência hídrica
Authors: Vivian R. , Dourado-Neto D. , Silva A.A. , Victoria Filho R. , Yeda M.P. , Ruiz‑Corrêa S.
Published: December 2013

Devido à ausência na caracterização competitiva de espécies de plantas daninhas e suas habilidades sob condições edafoclimáticas desfavoráveis, avaliou-se o potencial de competição de Tridax procumbens em meio à cultura da soja. O cultivo foi realizado em condições controladas, em câmara de crescimento, utilizando-se o sistema de séries substitutivas, o qual abrangeu os monocultivos das espécies e a sua competição, com suprimento adequado de água e sob condições de deficiência hídrica temporária. Avaliaram-se a demanda evapotranspiratória, altura de planta, área foliar total e específica, razões de massa de matéria seca de raiz, caule e folha, taxas de assimilação e fotossíntese líquida e a atividade de nitrato redutase aos 20, 50 e 70 dias após o transplante, bem como os teores de macronutrientes das espécies. Observaram-se menores demanda evapotranspiratória, área e duração foliar, assim como taxa de assimilação líquida de carbono, para T. procumbens, com consequente aumento da área foliar específica e da razão de área foliar. Mesmo sob deficiência hídrica temporária, a soja apresentou maiores altura de planta, área foliar e massa de matéria seca total. A fotossíntese líquida da soja foi superior à da planta daninha, embora esta tenha superado a cultura no início do seu cultivo. A atividade de nitrato redutase também foi maior para a soja em relação à planta daninha. Pelas análises dos minerais, T. procumbens demonstrou alteração na partição destes, principalmente com concentração de K e Mg em folhas e caules, respectivamente. Por meio das comparações entre os tratamentos, concluiu-se que T. procumbens apresenta baixo potencial competitivo quando em cultivo com a soja, mesmo sob condições de deficiência hídrica temporária. Não foi possível distinguir completamente os efeitos da competição por água dos demais recursos do meio entre soja e T. procumbens, embora se verifique maior competição intraespecífica da cultura.
Canola Genotypes and Harvest Methods Affect Seedbank Addition
Authors: Haile Teketel A. , Holzapfel Chris B. , Shirtliffe Steven J.
Published: December 2013

Seed loss in canola [Brassica napus L., B. rapa L., and B. juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss.], which includes seed shatter and seeds in unopened dropped pods, leads to yield reductions and seed dispersal into the soil seedbank. The volunteer canola can then become a weed in the subsequent crops and cause yield losses. The objective of this study was to evaluate canola genotypes, harvest methods, and commercial pod sealant products to reduce canola seedbank addition. Field trials were conducted at Saskatoon, SK, Canada, in 2010 and 2011. The effect of harvest methods (untreated direct harvested [DH], Pod Ceal treated DH, Pod‐Stik‐treated DH, and windrowed) on seed loss in four B. napus genotypes (5440, 45H26, 5020, 4362), and a canola quality B. juncea (8571) were evaluated. Results showed that there were differences in seedbank addition among the canola genotypes in each year. The B. napus Genotypes 5440 and 45H26 were found to have lesser seedbank addition than other genotypes. Neither of the two pod sealant products reduced seed loss in canola. The windrowed canola had higher seedbank addition than the DH canola. This study indicated that direct harvesting can be a viable option for canola in western Canada and canola seedbank addition could be minimized by growing genotypes with improved shattering tolerance.
Synthesis of bismuth (III) oxide films based anodes for electrochemical degradation of reactive blue 19 and crystal violet
Authors: Petrovic Milica , Mitrovic Jelena , Radovic Miljana , Bojic Danijela , Kostic Milos , Ljupkovic Radomir , Bojic Aleksandar
Published: December 2013

The Bi2O3 films-based anodes were synthesized by electrodeposition of Bi on
stainless steel substrate at constant current density and during different
deposition times, fallowed by calcination, forming Bi2O3. The thickness of
the films was determined by two methods: the observation under the
microscope and by calculation from mass difference. Electrochemical proceses
at the anodes were ivestigated by linear sweep voltammetry. At the anodes
obtained within 2, 5, 10 and 15 minutes of deposition, two dyes, namely:
Reactive Blue 19 and Crystal Violet, were decolorized by oxidation with ?OH
radical, generated from H2O2 decomposition at the anodes. Decoloration times
of the anodes varied, and the shortest one was achieved with the anode
obtained during 5 minutes of deposition, with the film thickness of 2.5?0.3
?m. The optimal H2O2 concentration for the dyes degradation was found to be
10 mmol dm-3.
Modeling the effects of temperature and time of homogenization annealing on the hardness of PdNi5 alloy
Authors: Ivanovic Aleksandra , Trumic Biserka , Ivanov Svetlana , Marjanovic Sasa
Published: December 2013

Experimental design methodology represents a powerful tool for the analysis
and optimization of various processes. PdNi5 alloy is used in the in the
production process of nitric acid, as Pd-catalyst-trap. The role of
Pd-catalyst-trap consists in reduction of volatile platinum oxide from gas
flow to the metal form and retention of platinum metal on the surface of Pd
catalyst-trap. Fundamental knowledge about this alloy and its practical use
in reduction of volatile platinum oxide, can be improved by experimental
planning and statistical analysis. In this study, the effects of annealed
temperature and annealed time on the hardness of PdNi5 alloy were evaluated
and compared. Full factorial experimental design at three levels was applied.
Statistically significant factors were determined considering of hardness of
PdNi5 alloy as a system response. By regression analysis, the mathematical
model for process description was derived. The correlation between predicted
and experimental values was high (R2=0,976 ). In the investigated ranges of
parameters, the obtained empirical equation can be applied for the prediction
of system response.
Amino acids as corrosion inhibitors for copper in acidic medium: Experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Milosev Ingrid , Pavlinac Jasminka , Hodoscek Milan , Lesar Antonija
Published: December 2013

Experimental electrochemical methods combined with quantum chemical
calculations and molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate the
possibility of use various amino acids as ?green? corrosion inhibitors for
copper in 0.5 M HCl solution. Among eleven amino acids studied, cysteine
achieved the highest inhibitor effectiveness reaching 52% at 10 mM
concentration. Other amino acids reached achieved effectiveness less than
25%, some of them even acted as corrosion accelerators. Based on the
experimental results, theoretical calculations and simulations were focused
on cysteine and alanine. The electronic and reactivity parameters of their
protonated forms in electrical double layer were evaluated by density
functional calculations. In addition, molecular dynamic simulations were
introduced to follow the adsorption behaviour of these two amino acids at the
Cu(111) surface in the electrolyte solution. The results indicate that the
orientation of both molecules is nearly parallel to the surface except of
ammonium group which is directed away from the surface. Therefore, as the
orientation of the cysteine and alanine molecules at the surface is similar,
thiol functional group is responsible for superior inhibition efficiency of
cysteine.
Is Latency to Test Deadline a Predictor of Student Test Performance?
Authors: Landrum R. Eric , Gurung Regan A.R.
Published: December 2013

When students are given a period or window of time to take an exam, is taking an exam earlier in the window (high latency to deadline) related to test scores? In Study 1, students ( n = 236) were given windows of time to take online each of 13 quizzes and 4 exams. In Study 2, students ( n = 251) similarly took 4 exams online within a test window. In both studies, latency to deadline was significantly correlated to exam score. Higher scoring students took the exam earlier in the test window. We explore possible explanations of these relationships and map out directions for further study.
Bottleneck Concepts in Psychology: Exploratory First Steps
Authors: Gurung Regan A.R. , Landrum R. Eric
Published: December 2013

The authors take an initial step in identifying potential bottleneck concepts in psychology, that is, concepts that are deceptively difficult, perhaps due to student overconfidence. In order to first identify bottleneck concepts, faculty ( n = 65) rated the difficulty of 91 psychological concepts from across the discipline. Students ( n = 35) rated both the difficulty of terms and their confidence in their own knowledge of 107 terms typically found in introductory psychology research methods and learning chapters. Additional research into psychology's bottleneck concepts may help instructors to focus more on the content that students struggle with, especially the content in which students overconfidence.
Writing in APA Style: Faculty Perspectives of Competence and Importance
Authors: Landrum R. Eric
Published: December 2013

A US sample ( N = 360) of psychology educators assessed 73 writing skills and competencies with regard to (a) the importance of each and (b) the typical performance of the top half of local psychology majors. An analysis of gap scores yielded results showing that specific skills, such as supporting claims with citations and proofreading ability, are areas in need of greater emphasis and renewed pedagogical attention by instructors. Educators may use the results of this study to help to identify areas of increased need for writing instruction regarding undergraduate psychology education.
In Search of Critical Thinking in Psychology: An Exploration of Student and Lecturer Understandings in Higher Education
Authors: Duro Elaine , Elander James , Maratos Frances A. , Stupple Edward J.N. , Aubeeluck Aimee
Published: December 2013

This qualitative study of understandings of critical thinking in higher education aimed to identify themes that could help to demystify critical thinking and inform its more explicit incorporation in the psychology curriculum. Data collected from focus groups with 26 undergraduate psychology students and individual semistructured interviews with 4 psychology lecturers were examined using thematic analysis. The same key themes were identified from both student and lecturer data: ‘vague beginnings’, ‘conceptualizations’, ‘development and transitions’, and ‘learning strategies’. Both students and lecturers described critical thinking as implicit knowledge that develops through social interactions. The findings indicate the importance of explicit discussion about critical thinking, and could be used to inform the design and delivery of instructional methods to promote critical thinking.
Online Academic-Integrity Mastery Training May Improve Students' Awareness of, and Attitudes Toward, Plagiarism
Authors: Curtis Guy J. , Gouldthorp Bethanie , Thomas Emma F. , O'Brien Geraldine M. , Correia Helen M.
Published: December 2013

Some evidence has emerged in recent years that plagiarism can be reduced through the use of online mastery tests that are designed to train introductory psychology students in awareness of academic integrity and referencing conventions. Although these studies demonstrated a reduction in incidents of plagiarism they did not directly examine whether the use of mastery tests influenced students' attitudes toward or understanding of plagiarism. Consequently, the authors examined students' awareness of plagiarism and their perception of the seriousness of plagiarism before and after completing an online academic-integrity mastery module in a psychology course. Both students' awareness of plagiarism and their perception of the seriousness of plagiarism increased significantly from before to after completing the online academic-integrity training. Additionally, first-year students who completed the mastery modules showed better awareness of plagiarism and perceived plagiarism to be more serious as compared with a group of second-year students who had not completed the mastery modules in their first year. These results suggest that the use of academic-integrity mastery tests may improve students' awareness of, and attitudes toward, plagiarism.
Understanding Personal Mobile Technologies: Decomposing and De-Averaging the Value of a Smartphone
Authors: Arbore Alessandro , Graziani Rebecca , Venturini Sergio
Published: December 2013

The study focuses on the multifaceted motives for adopting personal technologies. Specifically, it uses earlier models of technology adoption to develop a model of smartphone acceptance. The model is unique in that it decomposes attitudinal beliefs into three components: functional value, hedonic value, and symbolic value. Latent class analysis facilitates the identification of three user types. The analysis shows that value drivers, control beliefs, and normative beliefs play different roles for determining smartphone acceptance, depending on three different individual characteristics (i.e., playfulness, public self-consciousness, and innovativeness). The paper makes a contribution to the information systems literature by providing an analysis of the drivers of overall value perceptions for multipurpose information appliances and of the role of individual differences among potential users in forming these attitudes.