bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multimodale Evidentheitsmarkierung im Deutschen
Eine Analyse verbaler und gestischer Ausdrucksformen und ihrer Kookkurrenzen
Authors: Mangelschots Katinka , Schoonjans Steven
Published: March 2021

This study deals with gestures and their relation to verbal utterances in contexts of obvious-ness in German, focusing on debate situations. Obviousness is taken in a broad sense, refer-ring to any state that is so evident or natural that no further proof is needed. The study offers an overview of the most common verbal and gestural markers of obviousness, including a brief discussion of combined uses of gestural markers. In a second step, the attention is shift-ed towards the interaction between these layers of expression (speech and gesture) by looking at the most frequent co-occurrence patterns of a verbal and a gestural marker.
Rapport Management toward Expressing Sympathy in Persian
Authors: Sheikhan Sayyed Amir
Published: March 2021

The present study sets out to examine the realisation of the speech act of expressing sympathy in Persian, which, notwithstanding its significant communicative role, has not received the attention it deserves. More precisely, drawing on data collected through open role-plays and retrospective interviews, and using rapport management theory (Spencer-Oatey 2005), this study is an attempt to scrutinise Persian speakers’ sympathy expressions in a situation exhibit-ing solidarity between the interlocutors. Results show that by employing 12 distinct strategies, Persian speakers respect behavioural expectations through expressing involvement, empathy and respect in the context of sympa-thising. Also, they respect and mostly enhance their own and the interlocutor’s identity and respectability face. In addition, their interactional goals are strongly relational.
What is language for sociolinguists? The variationist, ethnographic, and conversation-analytic ontologies of language
Authors: Vázquez Carranza Ariel
Published: March 2021

The present investigation explores the language definitions (i. e. the language ontologies) that have emerged in the field of sociolinguistics. In general, it examines three types of sociolin-guistic studies: Labovian sociolinguistics (Labov 1972), the Ethnography of Communication (Gumperz/Hymes 1964) and Conversation Analysis (Sacks 1992). Firstly, it offers an account on the ontology of language developed by Chomskyian linguistics (1986) which is used as a starting point to contrast the three sociolinguistics’ language ontologies. Then, the paper pre-sents Labov’s ontology of language (Labov 1977), the criticism that it has faced and examines proposals that aim to integrate social facts and linguistic structure. With regard to the Ethnog-raphy of Communication, accounts about its ontology of language (Hymes 1974, 1986) and its ontology of culture (Sapir 1921; Hymes 1972) are presented and a possible explanation about the relationship between language and culture is offered. With respect to Conversation Analysis, its ontology of language is presented (Ochs et al. 1996) as well as its analytic in-sight and an account about grammar as an interactional resource is given. The final section proposes that, for these three types of sociolinguistics, “language” is a social, functional and behavioural entity which is socially and behaviourally structured. “Language” transmits social meanings, reflects the social order and expresses the identity of its speakers.
Commentaire la de carte 363 (la) porte de l’Atlas linguistique et ethnographique de la Lorraine romane II Études lorraines IV
Authors: Reisdoerfer Joseph
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a lexical commentary of the map 363 (the) door published in vol. 2 of the Atlas linguistique et ethnographique de la Lorraine Romane.Our analysis shows that the Lorraine area is characterized by the preservation of the Old and Middle French binomial porte ‘great door, gate’/huis ‘small door’– west of Lorraine – heus –the rest of the area –; the type heus, particular to the Lorraine region, goes back to a Latin *OSTIUM akin to O:STIUM used in written Classical Latin. Heus <*OSTIUM may denote an occasional survival of an older latinitas in the Lorraine region.
Hörer- und Sprechertypen in Bremen und Hamburg. Eine Untersuchung zu Sprachwissen, Sprachwahrnehmung und Sprachgebrauch
Authors: Hettler Yvonne
Published: March 2021

Regarding the perception of regional speech and the salience of language variants it is to as-sume, that they are being influenced by individual features of the specific speaker/listener. However, most recent studies dealing with the salience of language phenomena neglect factors like, for example, language awareness or the profession of speakers. This article focuses on the correlation between speech perception, speech production and individual characteristics of speakers like the metalinguistic knowledge they have. It presents selected results of a study dealing with the perception and production of regional speech in Bremen and Hamburg and discusses different types of speaker/listener profiles.
„Der Neurologe hätte die Nervenleitgeschwindigkeit messen müssen.“ – Das kommunikative Aushandeln des Expertenstatus in deutschsprachigen Diskussionsforen der Medizin.
Authors: Rentel Nadine
Published: March 2021

In online communication, the social identity of the persons involved is negotiated throughout communication processes with other members of a discourse community. In discussion fora in the domain of medicine, the focus lays on the discussion of the expert status of the users. This contribution aims at describing linguistic strategies that are used in order to create a positive self-image as medical expert in a community of practice. The study is based on a corpus of three selected German discussion fora concerning medical issues. Besides the need to boost the own expert status, we find examples in which users try to attenuate their knowledge claim. The results of the analysis indicate that for the domain of medicine, online and offline reality seem to be closely interwoven.
Romanisierung als Schritt zur „Modernisierung” des Mazedonischen
Authors: Mladin Constantin-Ioan
Published: March 2021

This investigation aims to outline the contribution that Romanic languages had to the finalization of the configuration of the modern Macedonian language, both in terms of common language and of technical terms. More specifically, the paper aims: 1) to identify Romanic idioms that have influenced to some extent the Macedonian language, either indirectly (through another language such as French, Italian, Spanish, or Portuguese) or directly (through Romanian – Dacoromanian and Aromanian, or through Meglenoromanian); 2) to show the specific historic context and the means through which various elements from the Romanic linguistic sphere were imported into Macedonian; 3) to evaluate the quantitative share of loans (in vocabulary and terminology); 4) to indicate the areas of activity that have been affected by the infiltration of Romanic lexical items.Even if loans from Romanic languages are not very frequent in the common standard language, the Macedonian language being relatively conservative and refractory with regards to non-Slavic influences, these are perceived as a sign of emancipation and modernity, in contrast to the old Turkish basis, the existence of the Romanic lexical and terminological basis also illustrating the tendency for this language to differentiate itself from its two Slavic neighbors, the Bulgarian and the Serbian languages. At the same time, the infusion of Romanic words and terms has contributed significantly to the “modernization” of the Macedonian language, particularly with regards to its meta-dialectal unification and to its coming closer to major languages of great circulation and great cultural prestige.
Phonological and semantic aspects of German intonation
Authors: Peters Jörg
Published: March 2021

This paper presents an outline of an autosegmental-metrical analysis of German intonation adopting Gussenhoven’s (1983, 2005) approach to Dutch intonation. A features-based interpretation of the phonological units is given, which is based on an analysis of tonal contrasts. This analysis suggests that tones of different tone classes bear semantic features that relate to the mutual belief space, information packaging, conversational structure, thematic structure, conceptual structure, and speaker attitudes.
Schriftliches Peer-Textfeedback unter Studierenden: Auseinandersetzungen mit dem Inhalt von fremdem Text. Ergebnisse der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse von 6 retrospektiven Interviews
Authors: Von Gunten Anne
Published: March 2021

The paper at hand presents the results of a substudy from a 3-year research project carried out by the Bern University of Teacher Education, investigating how student teachers in their 1st semester deal with the content of other students’ texts when writing peer text feedback without guidance. In this study six future teachers were asked to substantiate their comments in retrospective verbalizations (see Linnemann 2017: 339) immediately after having written their text feedback. The transcriptions of the verbalizations were evaluated through thematic qualitative text analysis (see Kuckartz 2012). Whilst the result presentation is mainly category based, some case related results are also singled out, with a view to deriving observations for higher education teaching.
Das deutsche Kopulaverb sein und seine thailändischen Entsprechungen
Authors: Attaviriyanupap Korakoch
Published: March 2021

Although German and Thai are typologically different from each other, both languages do have copulative constructions. The verb sein is the most important copular verb in German. Thai does have literary equivalents for this German verb but they involve different verbs. However, only pen and khɯ: are usually considered as Thai copular verbs. This study aims to compare the German verb sein in copulative constructions with pen and khɯ:. The contrastive analysis is based on a bidirectional parallel corpus consisting of 12 Thai and 13 German contemporary short stories and their translation into the other language. Three questions are to be answered: 1) Which forms are found in Thai as equivalents to the German copular verb sein? 2) Which linguistic elements in German occur as equivalents of the Thai copulative constructions with pen and khɯ:? 3) How can the use of copular verbs in German and in Thai be described? The results of this study show that the equivalents of the German copulative constructions with sein are not only pen and khɯ: but also many other constructions. At the same time, the Thai copular verbs are often used differently and may be expressed in various German constructions and, especially in form of punctuations.
Evidential and epistemic sentence adverbs in Romance languages
Authors: Haßler Gerda
Published: March 2021

In this paper evidential and modal adverbs will be studied, such as French apparemment, évidemment, visiblement, Italian apparentemente, evidentemente, ovviamente, and Spanish aparentemente, evidentemente and visiblemente. The development of their signification will be discussed, including German adverbs like offensichtlich. In these means of expression, the functional-semantic categories evidentiality and epistemic modality seem to overlap: on the one hand, they are used if the state of affairs talked about cannot be verified, that is, if there is still a moment of insecurity concerning the transmitted information. Then adverbials with a special structure (preposition + article + nominal form of a verb) will be analysed, and we will examine if they behave in the same way.
Struktur komunitas Echinodermata pada ekosistem lamun Desa Taula’a Kecamatan Bilato, Kabupaten Gorontalo
Authors: Yusuf Hardiyanti , Kadim Miftahul Khair
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Echinodermata is playing an important role in food chains in waters ecosystem; however, there was no report on the Echinodermata structure in the seagrass ecosystem of Taula’a village, Gorontalo district. Hence, the objective of the study was to  to determine the community structure of Echinoderms in the seagrass ecosystem of coastal area of Taula’a village, Bilato, Gorontalo regency. The research was conducted from January to April 2019. There were 3 observation stations chosen purposively. The sample of Echinoderms was observed at low tide using methods of quadrats and transects of 1×1 m. In addition, the water parameters were also measured i.e the temperature, the salinity, the pH, the water depth, the substrate and the water flow. Furthermore, diversity, dominanc and Evenness index were analyzed using software PAST 3.22. The results showed that there were 13 species of Echinoderms representing 4 classes, namely Ophiuroidea, Asteriodea, Echinodea dan Holothuroidea in which the highest total abundance was on 1st station and the lowest total abundance was on the 2nd station.  The index of diversity was in the medium category, the index of domination was in the low category, the index of evenness showed an equitable distribution and the index of uniformity was very high.Keywords : Echinoderms, community, seagrass, Past 3.22 Abstrak. Echinodermata memiliki peranan penting dalam rantai makanan pada ekosistem laut, namun demikian struktur komunitasnya di ekosistim lamun Desa Taula’a Kabupaten Gorontalo belum pernah dilaporkan. Oleh karena itu peneilitan ini bertujuan  untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas Echinodermata pada ekosistem lamun di wilayah pesisir Desa Taula’a, Bilato Kabupaten Gorontalo. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari hingga April 2019. Terdapat 3 stasiun pengamatan yang dipilih secara purposive. Pengamatan sampel Echinodermata dilakukan pada saat surut dengan menggunakan transek kuadran 1×1 m. Selain itu dilakukan juga pengukuran terhadap parameter air yaitu suhu, salinitas, pH, kedalaman, substrat dan arus. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman, indeks dominansi dan indeks kemerataan dianalisis menggunakan software PAST 3.22. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 13 spesies Echinodermata ditemukan yang mewakili 4 kelas yaitu Ophiuroidea, Asteriodea, Echinodea dan Holothuroidea dimana kelimpahan total tertinggi pada stasiun I dan terendah pada stasiun II.  Indeks keanekaragaman kategori sedang, indeks dominasi rendah, indeks kemerataan menunjukkan penyebaran yang merata dan indeks keseragaman yang sangat tinggi. Kata kunci: Echinodermata, komunitas, Lamun, Past 3.22
Pemanfaatan data Google Earth resolusi spasial tinggi untuk pemetaan perubahan morfologi pantai
Authors: Suwandana Endan
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perubahan morfologi pantai yang terjadi sangat cepat terjadi di pesisir pantai Kabupaten Serang dan Kota Serang, Provinsi Banten. Perubahan morfologi pantai yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini adalah abrasi, akresi, dan reklamasi. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data satelit resolusi spasial sangat tinggi yang disediakan oleh Google Earth untuk tahun 2004, 2015, dan 2019. Perubahan garis pantai dianalisis dengan pendekatan interpretasi visual melalui digitasi pada layar dengan mengunakan aplikasi Google Earth. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan adanya perubahan morfologi pantai yang sangat cepat di seluruh lokasi studi. Dari hasil kajian ini, pesisir pantai Kabupaten Serang terbagi ke dalam tiga zona, yaitu zona reklamasi (dari Desa Salira sampai Desa Terate), zona akresi (dari Desa Tengkurak Sampai Desa Pedaleman), dan zona abrasi (dari Desa Tonjong sampai Desa Lontar). Untuk Kota Serang, proses akresi terjadi di Kelurahan Banten dan Kelurahan Sawahluhur, sedangkan abrasi hanya terjadi di Kelurahan Banten. Proses abrasi yang terjadi di bagian tengah Kabupaten Serang mencapai 135 ha pada tahun 2019. Tingkat abrasi tertinggi terjadi di Desa Domas dengan rata-rata kehilangan daratan sebesar 4 ha per tahun. Akresi terjadi khususnya di wilayah paling timur Kabupaten Serang, terjadi akibat proses sedimentasi yang tinggi dari Sungai Ciujung, dengan luas lahan tanah timbul mencapai 260,19 ha sampai dengan tahun 2019. Adapun kegiatan reklamasi berlangsung khususnya di bagian barat Teluk Banten dimana area tersebut dikembangkan untuk zona industri, dengan luas areal lahan yang direklamasi mencapai 344,43 ha sampai dengan tahun 2019. Studi ini juga telah mampu mengidentifikasi proses bergabungnya dua pulau kecil di Teluk Banten, menjadi bagian dari Pulau Jawa, karena proses reklamasi yang masif
Bioakumulasi residu pestisida pada komunitas gastropoda di perairan Sungai Kalisat, Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Buwono Nanik Retno , Gultom Trinita , Ayuning Setya Widi , Supriatna Supriatna
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Gastropods can respond to pesticide pollution in the environment because their life is relatively sedentary and their movements are very limited. The character of pesticides are not selective and persistent can result in bioaccumulation of pesticide content in gastropod. Hence, the  aim of the study was to determine the levels of pesticide residues that accumulate in the gastropod body at Kalisat River, Malang Regency. The pesticide residues in gastropods was measured using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Data were analyzed descriptively comparative or compared with the quality standards which exceeded the maximum residual limit set by the EU Pesticide Database. The results showed that pyrethroid pesticides were found with the active ingredient beta-cyfluthrin (mean 0.05 mg/g) and carbamate group with three highest active ingredients namely propoxur (average value of 0.15 mg/g), carbofuran (average value of  0.16 mg/g) and carbaryl (average value of 0.11 mg/g). Bioaccumulation factor values at all stations are greater than 1 (BAF1) that indicates the gastropods can accumulate pesticide residues.Keywords: bioaccumulation, gastropod, pesticide residues, Kalisat River Abstrak. Gastropoda dapat memberikan respon terhadap pencemaran pestisida di lingkungan karena hidupnya relatif menetap dan pergerakannya sangat terbatas. Sifat pestisida yang tidak selektif dan persisten dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya bioakumulasi atau penumpukan kandungan pestisida dalam tubuh gastropoda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar residu pestisida yang terakumulasi dalam tubuh gastropoda di Sungai Kalisat, Kabupaten Malang. Pengukuran residu pestisida pada gastropoda menggunakan alat High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan pestisida golongan piretroid dengan bahan aktif jenis beta siflutrin (rerata 0,05 mg/g) dan golongan karbamat dengan tiga jenis bahan aktif tertinggi, yaitu propoksur (rerata 0,15 mg/g), karbofuran (rerata 0,16 mg/g) dan karbaril (rerata 0,11 mg/g). Data dianalisis secara deskriptif komparatif atau dibandingan dengan baku mutu EU Pesticide Database tahun 2019 telah melebihi batas maksimum residu yang ditetapkan oleh EU Pesticide Database. Nilai faktor bioakumulasi pada seluruh stasiun lebih besar dari 1 (BAF1) yang menunjukkan bahwa gastropoda mampu mengakumulasi residu pestisida. Pestisida dapat ditemukan pada gastropoda dengan melalui difusi langsung dari lingkungan dan juga melalui proses pencernaan gastropoda. Kata kunci: bioakumulasi, gastropoda, residu pestisida, Sungai Kalisat
Hubungan ukuran kapal, panjang jaring, tenaga mesin, dan material rumpon terhadap hasil tangkapan purse seine: Studi kasus di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara (PPN) Idi Rayeuk, Kabupaten Aceh Timur
Authors: Chaliluddin Makwiyah A. , Affan Junaidi M. , Ramadhan Syahrul , Ismail Yulia Safitri , Amir Fachrorazi , Muhammad Muhammad , Rizwan Thaib , Rahmah Alvi , Yani Fitri Indah , El-Rahimi Sayyid A
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Each region has different boat sizes, fishing gear sizes, engine power, and fish agregating device (FAD)material, allegedly having different catches. The relationship between the length of the net, engine power, fishing vessel size, usually influences the catch of the fish. This study aims to determine the effect of fishing vessel size, engine power, net length and FAD material on catches volume. The study was conducted using descriptive methods conducted on 14 February-14 March 2019 in Idie Rayeak, Aceh Timur, Aceh Province. Data were analyzed  by multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that engine power, net length and FAD material had a significant effect on the catch volume, while the fishing vessel size had no significant effect on the catch volume.Keywords: fishing vessel size, length of net, engine power, FAD material Abstrak. Setiap daerah memiliki ukuran kapal, ukuran alat tangkap, tenaga mesin, serta material rumpon yang berbeda-beda, diduga memiliki hasil tangkapan yang berbeda pula. Hubungan antara panjang jaring, tenaga mesin, ukuran kapal, biasanya berpengaruh terhadap hasil tangkapan ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuran kapal, tenaga mesin, panjang jaring dan material rumpon terhadap hasil tangkapan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif yang dilakukan pada bulan 14 Februari - 14 Maret 2019 di perairan Idi Rayeak Aceh Timur, Provinsi Aceh.  Data dianalisis  dengan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tenaga mesin, panjang jaring dan material rumpon mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap hasil tangkapan, sedangkan ukuran kapal tidak mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap hasil tangkapan.Kata kunci: Ukuran kapal, panjang jaring, tenaga mesin, material rumpon
Studi pendahuluan genetika populasi ikan tuna sirip kuning (thunnus albacares) dari dua populasi di laut Kepulauan Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Akbar Nebuchad Nezzar , Pertiwi Dian , Zamani Neviaty P. , Subhan Beginer , Madduppa Hawis H.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is a large pelagic fish that have high economic value and inhabits the Moluccas Sea, Indonesia. Tuna catches in the Moluccas sea was very high and might decrease the yellowfin tuna population in this region. The research on population genetic of yellowfin tuna is fundamental to answer the problem. This information can be used as baseline data for future management, utilization, and basis of genetic conservation. The objective of this research was to infer the genetic population structure of two populations (North Maluku and Ambon) in the Moluccas Sea, Indonesia. In total, 41 tissue samples from pectoral fins of yellowfin tuna were collected in this study (North Maluku 33 samples and Ambon 8 samples). The results showed that genetic distances were low between the two populations. Additionally, the comparison of genetic distance between the Moluccas population and Indian Ocean waters also showed no significant differences. The Fst analysis showed the high gene flow between these two populations. Furthermore, haplotype network analysis showed that these two populations were the panmixia population. The overall result showed that no refraction genetic in the yellowfin tuna population from two populations in the Moluccas Sea.Keywords: Haplotype, genetic distance, Moluccas Sea, index fixation analysis, yellowfin tuna, population genetic structure. Abstrak. Tuna sirip kuning (Thunnus albacares) merupakan jenis pelagis besar bernilai ekonomis tinggi yang hidup di perairan Laut Maluku, Indonesia. Tangkapan ikan tuna di Laut Maluku berstatus tinggi, sehingga dapat menurunkan jumlah populasi. Penelitian tentang genetika populasi ikan tuna sirip kuning penting dilakukan untuk menjawab permasalahan ini. Informasi ini dapat menjadi sumber data untuk pengelolaan, pemanfaatan dan pelestarian untuk konservasi genetik. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui struktur populasi genetik pada dua populasi di Laut Maluku (Maluku Utara dan Ambon). Secara total, 41 sampel jaringan dari sirip pectoral Tuna sirip kuning dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini (Maluku Utara 33 sampel dan Ambon 8 sampel). Hasil penelitian menemukan jarak genetik yang dekat antar kedua populasi. Perbandingan jarak genetik pada populasi Perairan Maluku dan Samudera Hindia tidak menunjukan perbedaan signifikan. Analisis fiksasi indeks (Fst) memperlihatkan aliran genetik kuat antar populasi. Analisis jaringan haplotipe menunjukan kedua populasi merupakan populasi panmiksia. Penelitian ini secara umum menunjukkan belum terjadi perubahan struktur genetik populasi ikan tuna sirip kuning pada dua populasi di Laut Maluku.Kata kunci: Haplotipe, jarak genetik, Laut Maluku, analisis fiksasi indeks, tuna sirip kuning, struktur populasi genetik.
Struktur komunitas makrozoobenthos di aliran sungai di Senggarang, Pulau Bintan, Kepulauan Riau
Authors: Apriadi Tri , Muzammil Wahyu , Melani Winny Retna , Safitri Aknes
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The objective of this study was to determine the community structure of macrozoobenthic orgamism in Senggarang creek, Bintan island, Riau Islands. Samples were taken from four stations by purpossive method. Macrozoobenthic were collected by surber net, there were three replications in each station.  The result showed that  there were found six phylums and 17 genera  of macrozoobenthic. Macrobrachium sp. was the higest density. The higest density was found in third station (middle of river, no antropogenic influenced) about 140 ind m-2. The diversity and similarity indices were medium, with low dominance indice. Based on macrozoobenthic organism, the environmetal condition of Senggarang creek was stabile.Keywords: Bintan, creek, Macrobrachium sp., macrozoobenthic, Senggarang Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji struktur komunitas makrozoobenthos di aliran sungai di Senggarang, Kota Tanjungpinang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada empat stasiun yang ditentukan secara purposive. Sampel diambil menggunakan surber net, sebanyak tiga kali ulangan pada masing-masing stasiun. Makrozoobenthos yang ditemukan di perairan aliran sungai Senggarang ditemukan  6 filum dan 17 spesies. Jenis makrozoobenthos yang paling tinggi kepadatannya dari semua setiap stasiun adalah Macrobrachium sp. Kepadatan makrozoobentos tertinggi yaitu pada stasiun 3 (bagian tengah sungai, tidak ada aktivitas manusia) dengan nilai kepadatan sebesar 140 ind/m2. Indeks keanekaragaman tergolong sedang, indeks keseragaman sedang, indeks dominansi rendah. Berdasarkan keberadaan makrozoobenthos, lingkungan perairan sungai di Senggarang relatif stabil.Kata kunci: Bintan, Macrobrachium sp., makrozoobenthos, Senggarang, sungai
Phylogenetic analysis of ornamental Pomacentridae from the southern coast of West Java
Authors: Almusyarofah Munatul Khayah , Prabowo Romanus Edy , Nuryanto Agus
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Pomacentridae has a wide distribution in Indonesia waters. Research on species richness of Pomacentridae has been carried out in some areas in Indonesia. However, there are no data about the relationships of Pomacentridae on the southern coast of West Java. This research aims to know the evolutionary kinship of Pomacentridae ornamental fish in Ujung Genteng and Taman Manalusu Beach, West Java. This research used a survey method with a judgment sampling technique. The parameters measured were the consistency index (CI) and character evolution of the resulting phylogenetic tree. Cladogram reconstructed based on maximum parsimony algorithm with 1000 bootstrap replicates in PAUP software. The result showed that the tree had a CI value of 0.6000 which indicated low homoplasy. Pomacentridae formed a monophyletic group when they compared with Chaetodon collare as outgroup. The Pomacentridae clade divided into two subclades. The first subclade consisted of Abudefduf indicus as a basal species, then Neoglypydodon bonang and Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus have a closed kinship and diverged after Dascyllus trimaculatus, and then Abudefduf notatus and Abudefduf sexfaciatus have a close kinship and diverged after Abudefduf vaigiensis. The second subclade referred to as a basal group, and within this subclade, Chrysiptera brownriggii has a closely related to Chrysiptera unimaculata and diverged after Chromis opercularis.Keywords: Cladistics, damselfish, meristic, morphometric, Pomacentridae
Optimized cross-correlation method for Brillouin frequency shift estimation in Brillouin scattering-based sensors
Authors: Zhao Lijuan , Liang Ruoyu , Xu Zhiniu , Zhao Haiying
Published: March 2021

The cross-correlation method has a low computational burden and is less sensitive to noise, but the method may have a long spectra measurement time, especially for Brillouin spectra with an asymmetric frequency sweep span. To improve the real-time performance of spectra measurement, the influence of the frequency sweep span, sweep span deviation, and frequency step on the error in the estimated Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) is systematically investigated. Based on the results, the optimal sweep span and its influencing factors are investigated. The results reveal that when the frequency sweep span is not wide enough and there is a sweep span deviation, the BFS error will not decrease with a decreasing frequency step. The error decreases rapidly with an increasing frequency sweep span, and then it tends to a stable value. The linewidth and sweep span deviation have an important effect on the optimal sweep span. An estimation formula for the optimal sweep span is presented, and an improved cross-correlation method is proposed based on it. The proposed method is compared with existing classic cross-correlation methods. The results reveal that the proposed method can ensure high BFS accuracy and decrease measurement time.
Precision location approach in deep-space optical communications
Authors: Wang Qiang , Cui Lei , Zhao Haochen , Tan Liying , Ma Jing
Published: March 2021

A traditional beacon location method is difficult to apply to a deep space optical communications link due to the high laser power required for long distances. The use of natural celestial bodies as beacon images can solve this problem. The correct location of the beacon is critical to establish and maintain an optical communications link. Therefore, in this paper we propose an approach to determine the location of a natural celestial beacon. To identify a beacon in an uncertain region, the phase correlation between the detected and reference images is applied. The influence of an image translation is eliminated through a Fourier transform, and the scaling and rotation are converted into the translation and solved using a log-polar transformation and phase correlation, respectively. The availability of a new approach is verified by the experiment. A field-programmable gate array embedded processing system is designed to realize the proposed algorithm. When the image noise is considered, the success probability of the algorithm can reach more than 96%. We believe this work is beneficial for deep space optical communications system design.
Polar coded probabilistic shaping PAM8 based on many-to-one mapping for short-reach optical interconnection
Authors: Zhou Honghang , Li Yan , Jia Xiaoshuo , Gao Chao , Liu Yuyang , Qiu Jifang , Hong Xiaobin , Guo Hongxiang , Zuo Yong , Wu Jian
Published: March 2021

In this paper, a polar coded probabilistic shaping (PS) 8-ary pulse amplitude modulation (PAM8) based on many-to-one (MTO) mapping is investigated for short-reach optical interconnection. By ingeniously assigning parity bits to ambiguities positions, no extra PS redundancy and no complex distribution matcher are required in the scheme comparing to traditional probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS). The noise distributions after different transmission distances are studied and an optimal clock recovery method for PS signal is proposed to degrade the impact of severe eye skew effect on BER performance. The experimental results show that up to 1.2 dB and 0.8 dB shaping gains are respectively achieved over back-to-back (BTB) and 2-km standard single mode fiber (SSMF) transmission. With the help of the proposed optimal clock recovery method in the PS scheme, the shaping gain is improved from 0.15 dB to 0.4 dB after 10-km transmission. Moreover, compared to low-density parity-check (LDPC) code, the polar coded PS-PAM8 can provide an additional coding gain of 2.2 dB with code length of 256, which proves the performance superiority of polar code in short code length. Therefore, the proposed polar coded PS-PAM8 with low complexity and satisfactory BER performance is believed to be an alternative solution for the cost-sensitive short-reach optical interconnection.
Polarization-dependent microstructural evolution induced by a femtosecond laser in an aluminosilicate glass
Authors: Zhang Fangteng , Xie Xuhuan , Zhao Xinjie , Ma Lin , Lei Liang , Qiu Jianrong , Nie Zhaogang
Published: March 2021

Manipulation of femtosecond laser induced microstructures in glass by tuning the laser polarization has great potential in optics. Here we report two different polarization-dependent microstructures and their evolution with pulse repetition rate in an aluminosilicate glass induced by femtosecond laser irradiation. A V-shaped crack oriented parallel to the laser polarization plane is induced at the bottom of modified regions by pulses operated at 200 kHz, 1030 nm, and 300 fs. Further increasing the pulse repetition rate to 500 kHz leads to the formation of a dumbbell-shaped structure, which is elongated perpendicularly to the laser polarization, at the top of the modified region. The size of the coloration area and the dumbbell-shaped structure can be controlled by tuning the pulse duration. Further investigation indicates that higher numerical apertures are in favor of the presence of the polarization effects in femtosecond laser irradiation. The possible mechanism responsible for the formation of the two microstructures is discussed. These results could be helpful for understanding of ultrafast laser interaction with glass.
Can subjective pain be inferred from objective physiological data? Evidence from patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Panaggio Mark J. , Abrams Daniel M. , Yang Fan , Banerjee Tanvi , Shah Nirmish R.
Published: March 2021

Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) experience lifelong struggles with both chronic and acute pain, often requiring medical interventMaion. Pain can be managed with medications, but dosages must balance the goal of pain mitigation against the risks of tolerance, addiction and other adverse effects. Setting appropriate dosages requires knowledge of a patient’s subjective pain, but collecting pain reports from patients can be difficult for clinicians and disruptive for patients, and is only possible when patients are awake and communicative. Here we investigate methods for estimating SCD patients’ pain levels indirectly using vital signs that are routinely collected and documented in medical records. Using machine learning, we develop both sequential and non-sequential probabilistic models that can be used to infer pain levels or changes in pain from sequences of these physiological measures. We demonstrate that these models outperform null models and that objective physiological data can be used to inform estimates for subjective pain.
Human genetic admixture
Authors: Korunes Katharine L. , Goldberg Amy
Published: March 2021

Throughout human history, large-scale migrations have facilitated the formation of populations with ancestry from multiple previously separated populations. This process leads to subsequent shuffling of genetic ancestry through recombination, producing variation in ancestry between populations, among individuals in a population, and along the genome within an individual. Recent methodological and empirical developments have elucidated the genomic signatures of this admixture process, bringing previously understudied admixed populations to the forefront of population and medical genetics. Under this theme, we present a collection of recent PLOS Genetics publications that exemplify recent progress in human genetic admixture studies, and we discuss potential areas for future work.
Detecting fake news on Facebook: The role of emotional intelligence
Authors: Preston Stephanie , Anderson Anthony , Robertson David J. , Shephard Mark P. , Huhe Narisong
Published: March 2021

The proliferation of fake news on social media is now a matter of considerable public and governmental concern. In 2016, the UK EU referendum and the US Presidential election were both marked by social media misinformation campaigns, which have subsequently reduced trust in democratic processes. More recently, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the acceptance of fake news has been shown to pose a threat to public health. Research on how to combat the false acceptance of fake news is still in its infancy. However, recent studies have started to focus on the psychological factors which might make some individuals less likely to fall for fake news. Here, we adopt that approach to assess whether individuals who show high levels of ‘emotional intelligence’ (EQ) are less likely to fall for fake news items. That is, are individuals who are better able to disregard the emotionally charged content of such items, better equipped to assess the veracity of the information. Using a sample of UK participants, an established measure of EQ and a novel fake news detection task, we report a significant positive relationship between individual differences in emotional intelligence and fake news detection ability. We also report a similar effect for higher levels of educational attainment, and we report some exploratory qualitative fake news judgement data. Our findings are discussed in terms of their applicability to practical short term (i.e. current Facebook user data) and medium term (i.e. emotional intelligence training) interventions which could enhance fake news detection.
Early detection of complications in pancreas transplants by microdialysis catheters, an observational feasibility study
Authors: Kjøsen Gisle , Rydenfelt Kristina , Horneland Rune , Aandahl Einar Martin , Line Pål-Dag , Dorenberg Eric , Berstad Audun Elnæs , Brabrand Knut , Hagen Gaute , Pischke Sören Erik , Bergmann Gisli Björn , Nordheim Espen , Jenssen Trond Geir , Tønnessen Tor Inge , Haugaa Håkon
Published: March 2021

Background

Despite advances in immunosuppression and surgical technique, pancreas transplantation is encumbered with a high rate of complication and graft losses. Particularly, venous graft thrombi occur relatively frequently and are rarely detected before the transplant is irreversibly damaged.

Methods

To detect complications early, when the grafts are potentially salvageable, we placed microdialysis catheters anteriorly and posteriorly to the graft in a cohort of 34 consecutive patients. Glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and glycerol were measured at the bedside every 1–2 hours.

Results

Nine patients with graft venous thrombosis had significant lactate and lactate–to-pyruvate-ratio increases without concomitant rise in blood glucose or clinical symptoms. The median lactate in these patients was significantly higher in both catheters compared to non-events (n = 15). Out of the nine thrombi, four grafts underwent successful angiographic extraction, one did not require intervention and four grafts were irreversibly damaged and explanted. Four patients with enteric anastomosis leakages had significantly higher glycerol measurements compared to non-events. As with the venous thrombi, lactate and lactate-to-pyruvate ratio were also increased in six patients with graft surrounding hematomas.

Conclusions

Bedside monitoring with microdialysis catheters is a promising surveillance modality of pancreatic grafts, but differentiating between the various pathologies proves challenging.
Clinical decision support tool for diagnosis of COVID-19 in hospitals
Authors: Saegerman Claude , Gilbert Allison , Donneau Anne-Françoise , Gangolf Marjorie , Diep Anh Nguvet , Meex Cécile , Bontems Sébastien , Hayette Marie-Pierre , D’Orio Vincent , Ghuysen Alexandre
Published: March 2021

Background

The coronavirus infectious disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in significant morbidities, severe acute respiratory failures and subsequently emergency departments’ (EDs) overcrowding in a context of insufficient laboratory testing capacities. The development of decision support tools for real-time clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 is of prime importance to assist patients’ triage and allocate resources for patients at risk.

Methods and principal findings

From March 2 to June 15, 2020, clinical patterns of COVID-19 suspected patients at admission to the EDs of Liège University Hospital, consisting in the recording of eleven symptoms (i.e. dyspnoea, chest pain, rhinorrhoea, sore throat, dry cough, wet cough, diarrhoea, headache, myalgia, fever and anosmia) plus age and gender, were investigated during the first COVID-19 pandemic wave. Indeed, 573 SARS-CoV-2 cases confirmed by qRT-PCR before mid-June 2020, and 1579 suspected cases that were subsequently determined to be qRT-PCR negative for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled in this study. Using multivariate binary logistic regression, two most relevant symptoms of COVID-19 were identified in addition of the age of the patient, i.e. fever (odds ratio [OR] = 3.66; 95% CI: 2.97–4.50), dry cough (OR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.39–2.12), and patients older than 56.5 y (OR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.67–2.58). Two additional symptoms (chest pain and sore throat) appeared significantly less associated to the confirmed COVID-19 cases with the same OR = 0.73 (95% CI: 0.56–0.94). An overall pondered (by OR) score (OPS) was calculated using all significant predictors. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated and the area under the ROC curve was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.68–0.73) rendering the use of the OPS to discriminate COVID-19 confirmed and unconfirmed patients. The main predictors were confirmed using both sensitivity analysis and classification tree analysis. Interestingly, a significant negative correlation was observed between the OPS and the cycle threshold (Ct values) of the qRT-PCR.

Conclusion and main significance

The proposed approach allows for the use of an interactive and adaptive clinical decision support tool. Using the clinical algorithm developed, a web-based user-interface was created to help nurses and clinicians from EDs with the triage of patients during the second COVID-19 wave.
Network analysis: An indispensable tool for curricula design. A real case-study of the degree on mathematics at the URJC in Spain
Authors: Simon de Blas Clara , Gomez Gonzalez Daniel , Criado Herrero Regino
Published: March 2021

Content addition to courses and its subsequent correct sequencing in a study plan or curricula design context determine the success (and, in some cases, the failure) of such study plan in the acquisition of knowledge by students. In this work, we propose a decision model to guide curricular design committees in the tasks of course selection and sequencing in higher education contexts using a novel methodology based on network analysis. In this work, the local and global properties stemming from complex network analysis tools are studied in detail to facilitate the design of the study plan and to ensure its coherence by detecting the communities within a graph, and the local and global centrality of the courses and their dependencies are analyzed, as well as the overlapping subgroups and the functions and different positions among them. The proposed methodology is applied to the study of a real case at the Universidad Rey Juan Carlos.
Providing open-label placebos remotely—A randomized controlled trial in allergic rhinitis
Authors: Kube Tobias , Hofmann Verena E. , Glombiewski Julia A. , Kirsch Irving
Published: March 2021

Background

Placebos can reduce physical symptoms even when provided with full honesty and disclosure. Yet, the precise mechanisms underlying the effects of “open-label placebos” (OLPs) have remained subject of debate. Furthermore, it is unclear whether OLPs are similarly effective when provided remotely, as is sometimes required e.g. in the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

In a randomized-controlled trial, we examined the effects of OLP plus treatment as usual (TAU) compared to TAU alone on symptom reduction in people with allergic rhinitis (N = 54) over the course of two weeks. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, OLP was provided remotely (i.e. sent via postal service). To investigate the potential influence of the clinical encounter on the effects of OLP, we manipulated the perception of the virtual clinical encounter, both with respect to verbal and nonverbal factors (augmented vs. limited encounter).

Results

The results of the manipulation check confirmed that the augmented clinical encounter was evaluated more positively than the limited encounter, in terms of perceived warmth of the provider. Participants from all treatment groups showed significant symptom reduction from baseline to two weeks later, but OLP had no incremental effect over TAU. Participants benefitted more from OLP when they did not take any other medication against allergic symptoms than when taking medication on demand. When controlling for baseline symptoms, a significant treatment by encounter interaction was found, pointing to greater symptom improvement in the OLP group when the encounter was augmented, whereas the control group improved more when the encounter was limited.

Discussion

The study demonstrates that providing OLP and enhancing the encounter remotely is possible, but their effectiveness might be lower in comparison to previous studies relying on physical patient-provider interaction. The study raises questions for future research about the potential and challenges of remote placebo studies and virtual clinical encounters. The study has been registered as a clinical trial at ISRCTN (record number: 39018).
Don’t put all social network sites in one basket: Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, TikTok, and their relations with well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Masciantonio Alexandra , Bourguignon David , Bouchat Pierre , Balty Manon , Rimé Bernard
Published: March 2021

Prior studies indicated that actively using social network sites (SNSs) is positively associated with well-being by enhancing social support and feelings of connectedness. Conversely, passively using SNSs is negatively associated with well-being by fostering upward social comparison and envy. However, the majority of these studies has focused on Facebook. The present research examined the relationships between well-being—satisfaction with life, negative affect, positive affect—and using actively or passively various SNSs—Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, TikTok—during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, two mediators were tested: social support and upward social comparison. One thousand four persons completed an online survey during the quarantine measures; the analyses employed structural equation modeling. Results showed that passive usage of Facebook is negatively related to well-being through upward social comparison, whereas active usage of Instagram is positively related to satisfaction with life and negative affect through social support. Furthermore, active usage of Twitter was positively related to satisfaction with life through social support; while passive usage was negatively related to upward social comparison, which, in turn, was associated with more negative affect. Finally, TikTok use was not associated with well-being. Results are discussed in line with SNSs’ architectures and users’ motivations. Future research is required to go beyond methodological and statistical limitations and allow generalization. This study concludes that SNSs must be differentiated to truly understand how they shape human interactions.