bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Children Philosophize: the Revival of an Ancient Greek Ideal
Authors: Bonecki Mateusz , Marsal Eva , Nowak Ewa , Weber Barbara
Published: November 2019

Promoting philosophical and ethical education in schools requires academic education of teacher candidates who are able to apply professional methods. In schools, information pills in contrast to the academy, advice philosophy and ethics need to be taught in a practical and interactive way. ?Learning-by-doing?, more about as distinguished from philosophy according to the ?scholastic concept?. Philosophy according to the ?universal concept? deals with questions generally asked not only by philosophers, but by all thinking people
Attitudes towards unethical behaviours in organizational settings: an empirical study
Authors: Wilks Daniela Carvalho
Published: November 2019

Employee misconduct is prevalent in organizations and may be counterproductive in social and material terms. It is thus important to better understand how misconduct is construed by employees and the factors that determine its ethical acceptability in specific cases. This study explores attitudes towards unethical and minor deviant behaviours by examining the degree of acquiescence towards them in a sample of employees. Based on previous studies it was hypothesized that both organizational commitment and job satisfaction would be negatively related to the acceptance of such behaviours in organizational settings. Results show that there is a relationship between the degree of acquiescence and organizational commitment and a more modest relationship with job satisfaction. They further indicate that organizational tenure impacts very significantly on the degree of acceptance. Although differences were found for age, neither gender nor organizational variables were found to be significant.
Minimalism and Expressivism
Authors: McDonald Fritz
Published: November 2019

There has been a great deal of discussion in the recent philosophical literature of the relationship between the minimalist theory of truth and the expressivist metaethical theory. One group of philosophers contends that minimalism and expressivism are compatible, the other group contends that such theories are incompatible. Following Simon Blackburn (manuscript), I will call the former position ‘compatibilism’ and the latter position‘incompatiblism.’ Even those compatibilist philosophers who hold that there is no conflict or tension between these two theories—minimalism and expressivism—typically think that some revision of minimalism is required to accommodate expressivism. The claim that there is such an incompatibility, I will argue, is based on a misunderstanding of the historical roots of expressivism, the motivations behind the expressivist theory, and the essential commitments of expressivism. I will present an account of the expressivist theory that is clearly consistent with minimalism.
Was ist Zeit, Herr Tarô Urashima? Denkerziehung mit dem klassischen Bilderbuch
Authors: Dobashi Takara , Marsal Eva
Published: November 2019

In diesem Beitrag stellen wir eine Unterrichtseinheit zur Zeit vor. Die Relevanz dieses Artikels liegt darin, dass heute der Umgang mit der Zeit zu den entscheidenden Faktoren einer hohen Lebensqualität zählt. Als theoretische Sachanalyse wird in die philosophischen Dimensionen der Zeit eingefü hrt, sowie in das Zusammenspiel der biologischen, geographischen, kosmischen und kulturellen Faktoren die die Zeitwahrnehmung beeinflusst. Als praktisches Modell dient das philosophische Gespräch mit Kindern ü ber die Zeit aus der Praxis von Eva Zoller. Da es fü r die Denkfähigkeit der Kinder relevant ist, ü ber die Zeit nachzudenken, stellen wir fü r die Lehrerinnen und Lehrer auch eine Unterrichtseinheit mit dem Bilderbuch: „Taro Urashima“ vor
„…ich hab gedacht: aah Kind, ne kannst du net, schaffst du net…“ – Der Übergang zur Elternschaft einer alleinstehenden Hartz IVEmpfängerin
Authors: Zizek Lalenia , Zizek Boris
Published: November 2019

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On the Historical Development of Confucianists’ Moral Ideas and Moral Education
Authors: Yang Shaogang
Published: November 2019

The Confucian ethics which is the main body of the Chinese traditional culture has established its “basic morality” or “mother morality” not only in China, but also in some of the Asian countries. It is formed in the long historical development of more than 2000 years. First of all, it had the contention of a hundred schools of thought in the Pre-Qin Dynasty, and the Confucianist thought with its own colors was formed at that time. When Dong Zhongshu made his suggestions that restrained all other schools but only respected Confucianism, the predominance of Confucianism over the political life had been defined in Chinese society. After the later generations’ cooperating thing of diverse nature with unity of opposites, it was developed into the idealist philosophy of the Song (960 -1279) and Ming (1368-1644). Dynasties, which combined Confucianism, Buddhism and Daoism. The critical development of the modern Chinese society to Confucianist thought made us scholars have a timely reflection on the Confucian ethics. The requirement of constructing a harmonious world in the present time made us further considerate the moral education with Confucianist ethics.
Cultivating Moral Competence of Chinese Undergraduates with KMDD-Sessions
Authors: Zhang Jing
Published: November 2019

This study describes the results of interventions with the Konstanz Method of Dilemma Discussion (KMDD) by Georg Lind, with 89 economics undergraduate participants sampled from Guangdong province. The participants’ mean C-score in the Moral Judgment Test increased only a little because of the teacher’s little experience in using KMDD, but otherwise the intervention produced good results: the participants showed great interest in KMDD although this teaching method is very different from the typical Chinese teaching, and they enjoyed the KMDD-sessions and the classroom atmosphere created through it. Students’ feedback will be useful for future application and research on KMDD in China.
Constructive Empathizing – Educational Competence in the Light of Child’s Play
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Lech
Published: November 2019

Pre-school play is an important moment in a child’s development.  Caretakers play an important role during play. This article presents a structure of educational competence called “constructive empathizing” or “invitingaccompanying competence”. A caretaker’s special task during child’s play is conversion between the third-person knowledge and a subjective, autotelic interaction. The caretaker’s constructive empathizing during a child’s play determines the child’s social and moral development, it helps the child to turn play into work, as a sign of higher spontaneous understanding of cultural norms standing behind cultural correctness actions. Finally, it is evidence of dynamic interaction between abstract-concrete thinking, with the child learning from the caretaker.
Historic Gardens as Places of Conflicting Values
Authors: Salwa Mateusz
Published: November 2019

The aim of the article is to present historical gardens as phenomena inevitably pervaded by an ongoing clash of values. The conflict stems from the twofold character of gardens where art (or in broader terms: culture) and nature are combined, which results in a tension between the tendency to remain static and durable that human culture seeks, and the changeability and dynamics that are inherent in nature. This conflict can be characterized by referring to a theory proposed by Austrian art historian Alois Riegl, one of the founders of modern monument restoration theory who identified three types of values associated with monuments: historical value, age value, and present-day values. What is more, one can assume that gardens can be treated as particular tokens of landscape. Thus, the conflict of values within a garden may be seen as a more limited example of the same clash going on at the more general level oflandscape. The argument is illustrated by a short case study of the recent debate over the restoration of the historic Krasinski Garden in Warsaw, Poland.
Climate Change Ethics: Navigating the Perfect Moral Storm, by Donald A. Brown. London and New York: Earthscann from Routledge, 2013
Authors: Dereniowska Małgorzata
Published: November 2019

Review article
„Co było nie wróci?” – czyli Bułata Okudżawy nostalgiczne powroty do Rosji dekabrystów
Authors: Sucharski Tadeusz
Published: November 2019

In the presented text I undertake the reflection on the forms of expressions of nostalgia in Bulat Okudzhava’s historical prose. His novel takes place in the first half of the nineteenth century, the times associated with the movement of the Decembrists. The writer really appreciated the Decembrists, but showed their era objectively or even critically because he saw the analogy between the past and his present.
Przeciwko nostalgii… Koncepcja pamięci we wspomnieniach Fiodora Stiepuna „Бывшее и несбывшееся”
Authors: Ziomek Marcin
Published: November 2019

The article offers an introduction into Fyodor Stepun’s culture-making concept of memory. The thinker – one of the most intriguing representatives of the Russian emigration – criticized the emigrant milieu for its excessive traditionalism. Stepun presented the force of memory as a counterbalance to reminiscence and nostalgia, claiming that memory can prevent the Russian cultural heritage from being forgotten and ensure that it will creatively form the future of reborn Russia.
Zoonoses relacionadas ao trabalho: riscos biológicos associados ao manejo da vida silvestre no bioma Cerrado
Authors: Carrijo Luciana Maria Pires , Limongi Jean Ezequiel
Published: November 2019

O contato frequente com animais aumenta o risco de infecções zoonóticas, sobretudo entreos profissionais relacionados ao manejo de vida silvestre.O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar entre profissionais que lidam com fauna silvestre as principais atividades de riscos, o conhecimento sobre zoonoses, normas de biossegurança, ocorrência de treinamentos, além de descrever as principais doenças zoonóticas associadas aos animais por eles relatados. Foi realizado um estudo transversal entre servidores púbicos municipais, estaduais e federais do município de Uberlândia que manejam animais silvestres. Houve a participação de 173 profissionais. Apenas 56,1% teve treinamento para manejo de animais. O conhecimento sobre doenças zoonóticas apresentou frequência de 47,9%. O transporte (54,3%) e a contenção/apreensão (64,2%) são os principais tipos de contato. Os veículos e equipamentos de proteção individual são adequados em 34,2% e 47,5% dos casos, respectivamente. O uso de equipamento de proteção individual mostrou-se menos frequente entre os profissionais com maior tempo de trabalho nas diversas funções. Intervenções devem ser implementadas, sobretudo adotando medidas de promoção e prevenção de zoonoses e disseminação de conhecimento sobre estas patologias.
“There is No Proof”: Fermat’s Last Theorem and Historical Reconstruction in Tom Stoppard’s Arcadia
Authors: Puckett Torre
Published: November 2019

Fermat’s Last Theorem, which appears as a symbol in Tom Stoppard’s Arcadia, was announced to be solved only two months after the play premiered. When Stoppard was writing Arcadia, the Theorem was still an unsolvable mystery; to the first audiences who saw the play performed, the Theorem represented a triumph of rediscovery. We may therefore interpret the Theorem’s symbolism in two different ways, both of which contribute to a different reading of the play’s essential question: whether history, discoveries, and art, once lost, are lost forever, or whether they can be recovered in the future.
Cloud Security: LKM and Optimal Fuzzy System for Intrusion Detection in Cloud Environment
Authors: Shyla S. Immaculate , Sujatha S.S.
Published: November 2019

In cloud security, intrusion detection system (IDS) is one of the challenging research areas. In a cloud environment, security incidents such as denial of service, scanning, malware code injection, virus, worm, and password cracking are getting usual. These attacks surely affect the company and may develop a financial loss if not distinguished in time. Therefore, securing the cloud from these types of attack is very much needed. To discover the problem, this paper suggests a novel IDS established on a combination of a leader-based k-means clustering (LKM), optimal fuzzy logic system. Here, at first, the input dataset is grouped into clusters with the use of LKM. Then, cluster data are afforded to the fuzzy logic system (FLS). Here, normal and abnormal data are inquired by the FLS, while FLS training is done by the grey wolf optimization algorithm through maximizing the rules. The clouds simulator and NSL-Knowledge Discovery and DataBase (KDD) Cup 99 dataset are applied to inquire about the suggested method. Precision, recall, and F-measure are conceived as evaluation criteria. The obtained results have denoted the superiority of the suggested method in comparison with other methods.
Analysis of Laser Linewidth on the Performance of Direct Detection OFDM Based Backhaul and Backbone Networks
Authors: Tamilarasan Ilavarasan , Saminathan Brindha , Selvaprabhu Poongundran , Ramakrishnan Kuppusamy Mugelan
Published: November 2019

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a special form of multicarrier (MC) modulation technique which is adopted in 4G mobile communication systems. The combination of OFDM with passive optical network (PON) architecture is highly desirable for design of flexible and energy efficient backhaul and backbone networks for 5G systems. An intensive mathematical model for linewidth analysis in OFDM based backhaul (BH) and backbone (BB) systems is proposed. The proposed mathematical model includes fiber dispersion, fiber nonlinear effects, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise, transmitter and receiver noises. The impact of laser linewidth in the developed analytical model is analysed in terms phase rotation term (PRT) and inter-carrier interference (ICI) power. Further, the BER performance of the DD-OFDM system as a function of laser linewidth is also presented. The results of the analytical model solved using MATLAB is compared with virtual photonics integrated (VPI) based simulation results. The results of our proposed model suggest that DD-OFDM would perform better for lower linewidth in dispersion uncompensated (DUC) links and it has no impact on the dispersion compensated (DC) links for BB networks. In BH networks, the system performs better for lower linewidth in both DUC and DC links.
General academic language in German-English translation: a nuanced view
Authors: Siepmann Dirk
Published: November 2019

Combining traditional methods with state-of-the-art corpus analysis, this article discusses problems associated with the translation of general academic lexis from German into English. In particular, it offers a more nuanced view on the often-made claim that there are ‘major differences’ between the two languages, many of which are said to stem from the spatial metaphorics underlying general academic German. Section 1 deals with problems that arise at the level of words and their lexico-syntactic environment, paying particular attention to spatial metaphor. Moving on to level of the paragraph, Section 2 continues the theme of spatial metaphor, showing how even quasi-terminological equivalents such asStrukturandstructureexhibit subtle differences in use and may occasionally require re-metaphorization under the influence of the wider context. Section 3 provides a summary of the argument and suggests avenues for future research.
Subtitling Virtual Reality into Arabic: Eye Tracking 360-Degree Video for Exploring Viewing Experience
Authors: Ibourk El Mehdi , Al-Adwan Amer
Published: November 2019

The recent years have witnessed the emergence of new approaches in filmmaking including virtual reality (VR), which is meant to achieve an immersive viewing experience through advanced electronic devices, such as VR headsets. The VR industry is oriented toward developing content mainly in English and Japanese, leaving vast audiences unable to understand the original content or even enjoy this novel technology due to language barriers. This paper examines the impact of the subtitles on the viewing experience and behaviour of eight Arab participants in understanding the content in Arabic through eye tracking technology. It also provides an insight on the mechanism of watching a VR 360-degree documentary and the factors that lead viewers to favour one subtitling mode over the other in the spherical environment. For this end, a case study was designed to produce 120-degree subtitles and Follow Head Immediately subtitles, followed by the projection of the subtitled documentary through an eye tracking VR headset. The analysis of the eye tracking data is combined with post-viewing interviews in order to better understand the viewing experience of the Arab audience, their cognitive reception and the reasons leading to favour one type of subtitles over the other.
German literature translated into Albanian and its cultural and literary influence on Albanian literature
Authors: Kotorri Arlinda
Published: November 2019

Based on the fact that a large body of works of German literature has been translated into Albanian, it may be concluded that we are dealing with the most translated literature into Albanian. The translation of German literature is characterised by similar motives, such as poetic and ideological, aiming at having a certain impact in certain circumstances. The aim of this paper is to set the path for future research, which is supposed to ignite interest in a general respect – cultural, as well as in a specific respect – literary.
Metadiscourse Features in two English Translations of the Holy Quran: A Comparative, Corpus-based Inquiry
Authors: Vasheghani Farahani Mehrdad , Dastjerdi Hossein Vahid
Published: November 2019

The main objective of this study was to make a corpus-based comparison between two English translations of the Holy Quran in terms of metadiscourse features application and distribution. For this purpose, two English translations of the Holy Quran by Itani (2012) and Yousef Ali (1992) were selected as the corpus of the study. For the theoretical framework, the model of metadiscourse features proposed by Hyland (2005) was utilized. In order to check the distribution of metadiscourse features, Sketch Engine corpus software was used. The quantitative analysis of the data revealed that interactive metadiscourse features were higher in frequency than the interactional ones. Also, it was observed that within the interactive metadiscourse features, transitions were the most frequent type as compared with hedges which were the most frequent among the interactional ones. Finally, while in Yousef Ali’s translation, interactive metadiscourse features were the main trend, in Itani’s translation, the interactional metadiscourse features were the dominant attribute. The findings of this study have useful implications for researchers in translation as well as contrastive and corpus-based studies.
Zur Übersetzung textdeiktischer Verweise in normiertn Fachtexten: Ergebnisse einer empirischen Untersuchung an einem viersprachigen Korpus europäischer Patentschriften
Authors: Härtinger Heribert
Published: November 2019

The present study analyses patterns of textual deixis (also known as text deixis or discourse deixis) in scientific and technical texts. Its particular focus is on the translational implications arising from the use of text deixis in European patent specifications. Patent specifications are among the most frequently translated LSP genres. Their linguistic and technical complexity and their highly standardized language present a considerable challenge for the translator. My analysis examines patterns of intratextual and intertextual deictic reference typical of the language of patents. Taking a pragmatic approach, it asks the question which functional types they represent and how they can be processed by the translator. In this context, light is also shed on the benefits gained from using CAT tools for the translation of culture-specific deictic elements in patent specifications. The database is a corpus of 40 complete original (i. e. non-translated) texts covering four of the most important languages in the patent translation market: English, German, Spanish and Italian.
Metalinguistic conditionals and the role of explicit content
Authors: Elder Chi-Hé
Published: November 2019

This paper aims to bridge the relationship between metalinguisticif you likeas a non-propositional discourse marker and its conditional counterparts. This paper claims that metalinguisticif you likeis polysemous between a hedge that denotes the speaker’s reduced commitment to some aspect of the main clause, and an optional yet potential conditional reading that interlocutors can legitimately draw on in interaction which is brought about due to the ‘ifp,q’ sentence form. That is, although the metalinguistic reading is most likely obtained automatically by default, it also carries an available conditional reading that is akin to other metalinguistic conditional clauses such asif you see what I mean. Next, a semantic representation of metalinguisticif you likeis developed that takes on board a characterization of conditionality that departs from lexico-grammatical conventions, such that conditionals of the form ‘ifp,q’ no longer bear a one-to-one correspondence with “conditional” truth conditions. Employing a radical contextualist semantic framework in which the unit of truth-conditional analysis is not constrained to the sentence form, utterances employing metalinguisticif you likeare given a semantic representation such that theif-clause does not contribute propositional content, yet they also maintain their status as conditionals as the sentence form gives rise to a potential conditional secondary meaning.
Zur Lage der Zivilbewohner in Festungsstädten beim Kriegsausbruch 1914: Kommunale Vorsorge für den Unterhalt und behördliche Zwangsmaßnahmen
Authors: Sicken Bernhard
Published: November 2019

Die ökonomischen Vorbereitungen des Reiches auf einen Krieg waren unzulänglich, weil die politisch Verantwortlichen mehrheitlich von einer kurzen Auseinandersetzung ausgingen und wirtschaftliche Vorkehrungen für unnötig erachteten. Diese Vorstellungen stießen zwar gelegentlich auf Widerspruch, jedoch blieben die nicht für die Öffentlichkeit bestimmten Bedenken skeptischer Militärs und selbst die dringenden Mahnungen von Regierungsmitgliedern weitgehend folgenlos, zumal die Zuständigkeit für etwaige Bevorratungen sowie deren Finanzierung ungeklärt waren. Die Notwendigkeit zur Vorsorge für den Fall einer Einschließung wurde auch in vielen Festungsstädten bezweifelt, die nach 1912 nur zögernd den Aufforderungen des Staatssekretärs im Reichsamt des Innern zur Sicherung des Lebensbedarfs der Einwohner nachkamen. Das wirtschaftliche Dilemma auf staatlicher Ebene fand demnach seine kommunale Entsprechung, wie die mangelnde Bereitschaft städtischer Repräsentanten zur Kostenübernahme der Bevorratung zeigt, die prinzipiell vom Fiskus erwartet wurde, galten doch kriegsbedingte Lasten als Staatslasten. Zudem erwies sich der tradierte militärische Anspruch auf Ausweisung jener Einwohner als problematisch, die als illoyal angesehen wurden und bei einer Belagerung die Verteidiger gefährden konnten. Dazu wurden neben fremdsprachigen Minderheiten auch diejenigen gerechnet, denen eine vorsorgliche Verproviantierung schwerfiel. Der Beitrag verdeutlicht die Unzulänglichkeit der internen Kriegsvorbereitung und untersucht das zivil-militärische Nebeneinander in den Festungsstädten, in denen die bewaffnete Macht über Autonomie verfügte und im Krieg den Vorrang innehatte, sich jedoch an der Daseinsfürsorge für die Einwohner »ihrer« Stadt nicht beteiligte, sondern die vorkonstitutionelle Distanz der modernisierenden, politisch und funktional gebotenen Kooperation vorzog.
Propagandisten des k.u.k. Vielvölkerreiches: Österreichisch-ungarische Soldaten im Osmanischen Reich während des Ersten Weltkrieges
Authors: Stein Oliver
Published: November 2019

Thema des vorliegenden Beitrages ist der Einsatz österreichisch-ungarischer Soldaten im Osmanischen Reich während des Ersten Weltkrieges. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Untersuchung dieser Waffenhilfe als eine Maßnahme der Sympathiewerbung, um bei den osmanischen Eliten und der Bevölkerung wirtschaftlich und kulturell Einfluss gewinnen zu können. Begleitet waren diese Bemühungen von einer scharfen Distanzierung gegenüber dem Deutschen Reich, das mitten im Bündniskrieg wie ein gegnerischer Konkurrent behandelt wurde. Auf Grundlage von Militärakten und Selbstzeugnissen arbeitet der Beitrag heraus, wie die Habsburgermonarchie zum Erreichen dieses Zieles ihren Charakter als ethnisch, kulturell, religiös und sprachlich heterogenes Vielvölkerreich bewusst nutzte und sich als Modell für das Osmanische Reich präsentierte. Im Ergebnis sucht der Aufsatz zu zeigen, dass die Soldaten der österreichischungarischen Armee, darunter auch Levantiner, im Vorderen Orient vorrangig als Propagandisten ihres Staates dienten. Österreich-Ungarn suchte seine Heterogenität dort als Vorteil zu nutzen – ein Konzept, das trotz aller gravierenden Probleme unter den besonderen Bedingungen des Osmanischen Reiches während des Krieges zeitweise erfolgreich war.
Cultural Contexts in Science and Mathematics Teaching to Young Children
Authors: Obiakor Gina C. , Obiakor Kristen E. , Obiakor Charles C. , Obiakor Festus E.
Published: November 2019

Science and mathematics have international and global origins and impacts that are intertwined with national origin, race, culture, religion, language, and gender, to mention a few. This means that scientific and mathematical knowledge goes beyond myopic narrow confines. Put another way, teaching science and mathematics without explicating their phenomenal foundations and influences is tantamount to “scotching the snake, but not killing it.” In this article, we use cases to discuss cultural contexts in teaching science and mathematics. Embedded in our discussion are issues of teacher preparation, innovative teaching, and disparities in public health and environmental health.
Tourist-Sein oder nicht Tourist-Sein?
Authors: Reif Julian , Harms Tim , Eisenstein Bernd
Published: November 2019

Die Sozialfigur „Tourist“ genießt sowohl in der akademischen als auch in der populärwissenschaftlichen Literatur mehrheitlich keinen guten Ruf. Die mit ihr verbundenen negativen Konnotationen sind zahlreich und umfassen ebenso Adjektive wie auch Tierbezeichnungen oder konkrete Verhaltensweisen und Praktiken. Gleichwohl ist ein Mangel an empirischen Daten und Belegen festzustellen. So könnte beispielsweise eine differenziertere Betrachtungsweise unterschiedlich kritischer Gruppen eine Bereicherung für die Diskussion rund um den Themenbereich Overtourism und einen weiteren Schritt zum besseren Verständnis der Genese der (vermeintlich) schlechten Reputation des Touristen darstellen. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt Ergebnisse einer bundesweit repräsentativen Erhebung vor. Ziel der Befragung war es, empirische Daten und Erkenntnisse zu den Konnotationen, die die deutsche Bevölkerung mit dem Begriff „Tourist“ verbinden, zu gewinnen. Die Ergebnisse sind teilweise überraschend: Offenbar ist der Ruf des Touristen – zumindest teilweise – besser als erwartet.
Community Resilience in Urban Tourist Destinations
Authors: Erdmenger Eva
Published: November 2019

In Anbetracht des kontinuierlich steigenden Besucherdrucks auf urbane Destinationen und der damit einhergehenden Medienberichterstattung über Overtourism, werden Analysen über die Toleranz und Resilienz der belasteten Gemeinden essentiell für die Tourismusforschung. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden zunächst basierend auf einer Literaturanalyse diverse Modelle zur Community Resilience und zum Social Capital in urbanen Destinationen zusammengetragen. Anschließend werden zwei Fallbeispiele – Kopenhagen und München – mittels der qualitativen Analyse diverser Expertengespräche präsentiert und auf deren Kohärenz mit dem zuvor entwickelten Modell getestet. Als Resultat werden diverse Faktoren hervorgehoben, die das Social Capital der Gemeinden urbaner Destinationen beeinflussen und die Resilienz gegenüber wachsenden Touristenzahlen damit einhergehend stärken.
Synthesis, crystal structure and photoluminescence of the salts Cation+ [M(caffeine)Cl]− with Cation+=N
n
Bu4
+, AsPh4
+ and M==Zn(II), Pt(II)
Authors: Vogler Arnd , Hischa Birgit , Stempfhuber Sabine
Published: November 2019

The salts (N
n
Bu4)[Zn(caffeine)Cl3] and (AsPh4)[Pt(caffeine)Cl3] were prepared and their crystal structures determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The free ligand caffeine, as well as the complex anions [M(II)(caffeine)Cl3]− with M = Zn and Pt show an absorption spectrum with an intense band at λ
max = 275 nm, which is attributed to an IL π–π* transition of the caffeine. A second band at ca. 300 nm is much weaker and largely obscured by the π–π* band. This second band is assigned to an IL n–π* transition. Both complex anions exhibit a photoluminescence (fluorescence), which originates from the n–π* state. The position of the n–π* state is recognized by the excitation band which distinctly overlaps with the fluorescence band.
The American Death Penalty
Authors: Steiker Carol S. , Steiker Jordan M.
Published: November 2019

The Supreme Court’s constitutional regulation of the American death penalty has yielded a plethora of doctrines that have shaped an alternative criminal justice process that is (mostly) limited to capital cases. Many of these doctrines offer a vision and practice of “roads not taken” in the ordinary criminal justice process that would be attractive improvements in that larger system. We consider three of these doctrines: (1) more searching review of the proportionality of sentencing outcomes; (2) imposition of a requirement of individualized sentencing that has led to the investigation and presentation of in-depth evidence in mitigation; and (3) greater regulation of the adequacy of defense counsel that has moved closer to a “checklist” model of mandated practices. Each of these doctrines was born and developed under the Court’s “death is different” regime of constitutional regulation, and each of them has to some limited extent moved beyond the strictly capital context into the broader criminal justice process. We explain how these alternative models present attractive improvements for the broader noncapital system—a view that casts the Court’s regulation of the American death penalty as a progressive laboratory that can yield alternative, more protective, and more idealized processes for the ordinary criminal justice system. Yet we also caution that the “differentness” of death—and of juvenile offenders, the noncapital context to which the Court is most likely to import its death penalty innovations—can also serve to normalize and entrench the less protective, less idealized practices that exist outside of these realms.
The Impact of Economic Crisis on the Financial Performance of the European Companies
Authors: Barbuta-Misu Nicoleta
Published: November 2019

Financial-accounting information plays an important role in assessing and forecasting firms’ financial performance. But besides that, there are other external factors affecting the firm’s performance, such as the economic and financial crisis that causes imbalances over the economy and affect the business environment. Thus, based on financial statements data, in this paper, the determinants of financial performance are examined and also the impact of financial crisis on these factors is analysed using the fixed and random effects panel estimators. For this research it was used a sample of non-financial firms from European countries considering annual data from 2006 until 2015. The results achieved by panel data analysis show that crisis exerts a significant positive effect over financial performance as well as liquidity, assets turnover and labour productivity inducing that firms tend to do higher efforts to keep financial performance in face of a crisis. Financial performance is significantly and negatively influenced by leverage independently of the crisis effect showing that return on assets is lower than average interest rate.
Multi-objective optimization and decision visualization of batch stirred tank reactor based on spherical catalyst particles
Authors: Žilinskas Antanas , Baronas Romas , Litvinas Linas , Petkevičius Linas
Published: November 2019

This paper presents a Bayesian approach rooted algorithm oriented to the properties of multi-objective optimization problems. The performance of the developed algorithm is compared with several other multi-objective optimization algorithms. The approach is applied to the multiobjective optimization of a batch stirred tank reactor based on spherical catalyst microreactors. The microbioreactors are computationally modeled by a two-compartment model based on reaction–diffusion equations containing a nonlinear term related to the Michaelis–Menten enzyme kinetics. A two-stage visualization procedure based on the multi-dimensional scaling is proposed and applied for the visualization of trade-off solutions and for the selection of favorable configurations of the bioreactor.
New theorems on extended b-metric spaces under new contractions
Authors: Mukheimer Aiman , Mlaiki Nabil , Abodayeh Kamal , Shatanawi Wasfi
Published: November 2019

The notion of extended b-metric space plays an important role in the field of applied analysis to construct new theorems in the field of fixed point theory. In this paper, we construct and prove new theorems in the filed of fixed point theorems under some new contractions. Our results extend and modify many existing results in the literature. Also, we provide an example to show the validity of our results. Moreover, we apply our result to solve the existence and uniqueness of such equations.
Existence theory for nonlocal boundary value problems involving mixed fractional derivatives
Authors: Ahmad Bashir , Ntouyas K. , Alsaedi Ahmed
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we develop the existence theory for a new kind of nonlocal three-point boundary value problems for differential equations and inclusions involving both left Caputo and right Riemann–Liouville fractional derivatives. The Banach and Krasnoselskii fixed point theorems and the Leray–Schauder nonlinear alternative are used to obtain the desired results for the singlevalued problem. The existence of solutions for the multivalued problem concerning the upper semicontinuous and Lipschitz cases is proved by applying nonlinear alternative for Kakutani maps and Covitz and Nadler fixed point theorem. Examples illustrating the main results are also presented.
Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) Reduces the Rectal Temperature of Diphteria-Pertussis-Tetanus Vaccine-Induced Mice
Authors: Prabowo Yudha , Saptarini Nyi M. , Sumiwi Sri A. , Levita Jutti , Wicaksono Imam A. , Moektiwardoyo Moelyono
Published: November 2019

The pharmacological activities of Plecranthus sp include anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, inhibition on cyclooxygenase (COX) and xanthine oxidase, and cytotoxic activity. The aim of this work was to study the antipyretic activity of P. scutellarioides (L.) extract on animal model. Twenty seven Swiss Webster male mice were divided into nine groups and were pyrexia-induced by using 0.1 ml of diphteria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine. Their body temperature was measured every 60 minutes. After 4 hours of DPT vaccine injection, the mice were treated with (I) Arabic gum suspension (PGA) 2%; (II) paracetamol 16.25 mg/kg BW; (III) paracetamol 32.5 mg/kg BW; (IV) paracetamol 65 mg/kg BW; (V) paracetamol 130 mg/kg BW; (VI) P. scutellarioides extract 70 mg/kg BW; (VII) P. scutellarioides extract 140 mg/kg BW; (VIII) P. scutellarioides extract 280 mg/kg BW; (IX) P. scutellarioides extract 560 mg/kg BW. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21. Result showed that the body temperature of the mice started to rise at 2.5 hours and reached its peak at 4 hours after vaccine induction. The P. scutellarioides extract dose 280 mg/kg of BW indicated an 80.47% decrease (α= 0.05) compared to paracetamol dose 130 mg/kg of BW which decreases 85.43% of the animals’ fever. Interestingly, higher dose of the extract indicated a decrease in the antipyretic effect. We concluded that P. scutellarioides might possess antipyretic activity which started as early as 5 hours post vaccine-induced and was maintained for 3 hours. This plant needs further scientific exploration Keywords: Diphteria-pertusis-tetanus vaccine, anti-pyretic, rectal temperature, Webster mice
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Marine Sponge Aaptos sp. to the Plasma Interleukin-1β Level in Wistar Male Rats
Authors: Fristiyohadi Adryan , Wahyuni Wahyuni , Kalimin Wa OIL. , Permana La OMJ. , Saripuddin Saripuddin , Sahidin Idin
Published: November 2019

Inflammation is the response of the body to injury and infection characterized by swelling, heat, pain, and redness. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Aaptos sp. ethanolic extract to plasma interleukin (IL)-1β level of Wistar male rats. Aaptos sp. was macerated with 96% ethanol for 3 x 24 hours. Inflammation was induced with administration of 1% carrageenan intraplantarly. Animals were divided into 5 treatment groups, i.e., positive control  (diclofenac sodium 3598 ppm); Aaptos sp extract 50 ppm; Aaptos sp extract 100 ppm Aaptos sp extract 200 ppm; and negative control (0.5% Na CMC). After 1 hour, blood was collected and assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The results showed that plasma IL-1β levels of animals were decreased by Aaptos sp ethanolic extract. The administration of 50 ppm of extract showed no significant difference (p>0.05)  in IL-1β level in first and second hour measurement, but indicated a statistically significant decrease after three hour (p<0.05). The administration of 100 ppm of extract showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in every hour. Significant reduction was observed in the administration of 200 ppm of extract, but the elevation of IL-1β levels was also observed at third hour measurement. In conclusion, ethanolic extract of Aaptos sp. had anti-inflammatory activity and its effective dose was 50 ppm.
ZONASI DAN STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS MANGROVE DI PESISIR KABUPATEN MERAUKE
Authors: Rahmania Rinny , Sunarni Sunarni , Maturbongs Modesta Ranny , Arifin Taslim
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui zonasi dan struktur ekosistem mangrove di wilayah pesisir Kabupaten Merauke tepatnya di Pantai Payumb Distrik Merauke, Pantai Nasem Distrik Naukenjerai dan muara sungai Kumbe Distrik Semangga pada bulan Oktober 2015. Pantai Nasem dan Pantai Payumb dibagi menjadi 2 zona pengambilan sampling sedangkan stasiun muara Sungai Kumbe dibagi menjadi 3 zona. Ukuran transek 100-150m tegak lurus garis pantai dengan ukuran plot 10x10m2. Pada setiap plot sampling dilakukan perhitungan kerapatan jenis, frekuensi jenis dan indeks dominansi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh 15 jenis mangrove yang tersebar di ketiga stasiun yaitu Pantai Nasem 7 spesies, Pantai Payumb 9 spesies dan muara Sungai Kumbe 13 spesies. Vegetasi mangrove di kawasan penelitian disusun oleh 8 genus dan 15 jenis mangrove. Berdasarkan dominansi jenis vegetasi mangrove,   kondisi komunitas di stasiun Pantai Nasem dan Pantai Payumb termasuk dalam kriteria labil dengan tipe substrat berpasir dan dominansi genus Avicennia. Sebaliknya stasiun muara Sungai Kumbe memiliki kondisi komunitas vegetasi yang stabil dengan tipe substrat berlumpur dan dominansi genus Rhizophora. Zonasi ekosistem mangrove pada area pesisir Kabupaten Merauke terdiri dari dua tipe zonasi. Pada daerah pesisir yang berhadapan langsung dengan laut, genus Avicennia merupakan pioneer dalam membentuk zonasi vegetasi mengrove. Sebaliknya pada daerah sungai, genus Rhizophora menjadi pioneer membentuk zonasi pada kedua sisi badan sungai.
Dynamic responses of an inclined FGSW beam traveled by a moving mass based on a moving mass element theory
Authors: Thom Tran Thi , Kien Nguyen Dinh , Anh Le Thi Ngoc
Published: November 2019

Dynamic analysis of an inclined functionally graded sandwich (FGSW) beam traveled by a moving mass is studied. The beam is composed of a fully ceramic core and two skin layers of functionally graded material (FGM). The material properties of the FGM layers are assumed to vary in the thickness direction by a power-law function, and they are estimated by Mori-Tanaka scheme. Based on the first-order shear deformation theory, a moving mass element, taking into account the effect of inertial, Coriolis and centrifugal forces, is derived and used in combination with Newmark method to compute dynamic responses of the beam. The element using hierarchical functions to interpolate the displacements and rotation is efficient, and it is capable to give accurate dynamic responses by small number of the elements. The effects of the moving mass parameters, material distribution, layer thickness ratio and inclined angle on the dynamic behavior of the FGSW beam are examined and highlighted.
The Bogomolov multiplier of Lie algebras
Authors: ARAGHİ ROSTANİ Zeinab , PARVİZİ Mohsen , NİROOMAND Peyman
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we extend the notion of the Bogomolov multipliers and the CP-extensions to Lie algebras. Then, we compute the Bogomolov multipliers for Abelian, Heisenberg and nilpotent Lie algebras of class at most 6. Finally, we compute the Bogomolov multipliers of complex simple and semisimple Lie algebras.
New collocation scheme for solving fractional partial differential equations
Authors: PHANG Chang , KANWAL Afshan , LOH Jian Rong
Published: November 2019

This article concerned about the numerical solution of time fractional partial differential equations (FPDEs). The proposed technique is using shifted Chebyshev-Gauss-Lobatto (CGL) collocation points in conjunction with an operational matrix of Caputo sense derivatives via Genocchi polynomials. The system of linear algebraic equations is obtained when the main equation along with the initial as well as boundary conditions is collocated by using shifted CGL collocation points. The main approach to this method is to transform the FPDEs to system of algebraic equations, hence, greatly simplify the numerical scheme. Comparison of the obtained results with the existing methods depicts that the suggested method is highly effect, more efficient and have less computational work. Some examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed technique.
Medical Leaders Identify Personal Characteristics and Experiences that Contribute to Leadership Success in Medicine
Authors: Arnold Louise , Cuddy Paul , Hathaway Susan B , Quaintance Jennifer L , Kanter Steven L
Published: November 2019

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Introduction: The approach of medical educators to preparing learners for leadership reflects the emphasis leadership theories once placed on experiential learning. But, contemporary theories now also show a renewed interest in the role of personal characteristics in effective leadership. This shift raises questions explored here: What characteristics mark top medical leaders? What experiences nurture those characteristics? Method: In a 2015 qualitative study, 48 University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC) medical graduates who met criteria for outstanding leadership participated in semi-structured interviews. Investigators applied directed content-analysis to their responses. Then, using iterative open-coding, investigators identified personal characteristics leaders said contributed to their leadership, clustered them into types, and counted the number of leaders who spoke to each type. Next, they coded and categorized experiences leaders discussed and counted the number of leaders who mentioned each type of experience. Finally, they identified leaders' comments about which types of experiences helped develop which types of characteristics. Results: Most leadersmentioned four types of characteristics: openness to new ideas/opportunities/astute risk-taking; intense motivation/active involvement/commitment; people-orientation; and capability/competence/ intelligence. Many discussed two additional types: self-awareness and service-orientation. Leaders said these types of experiences nurtured their characteristics: family traditions, high-school co-curricular activities, participation in medical school learning communities plus interaction with role models/mentors and authentic opportunities to practice leadership, innovation, and excellence throughout their education and in the workplace. Conclusions: Medical leaders' views of the role of personal characteristics in outstanding leadership and the power of educational and workplace experiences, especially informal ones, to mold those characteristics have enriched understanding how to prepare tomorrow's leaders.
Book review
Authors: Hunter Robert N.
Published: November 2019

Asphalt Mixture Selection, 1st edn
Effect of Biofermentation with Taxifolin on Physicochemical and Microbiological Properties of Cold-Smoked Pork Sausages
Authors: Gustiene Sonata , Zaborskiene Gintare , Rokaityte Anita , Riešute Reda
Published: November 2019

The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of taxifolin on the physicochemical and microbiological properties of cold-smoked pork sausages produced using different commercial starter cultures with Leuconostoc carnosum and with a mixture of Pediococcus pentosaceus and Staphylococcus xylosus. Ultra performance liquid chromatography analysis demonstrated that after 181 days of storage total taxifolin content was the highest in samples with taxifolin and L. carnosum (60 %), compared to the first day of storage. The sausages with taxifolin and the mixture of P. pentosaceus and S. xylosus (56 %) followed next. Taxifolin improved the hygienic quality of sausages without significant effect on the growth of lactic acid bacteria. The accumulation of biogenic amines, including histamine and putrescine, was more effectively reduced in sausages inoculated with the taxifolin and P. pentosaceus and S. xylosus mixture. Using this mixture, the rate of lipolysis and lipid oxidation were effectively slowed down. Samples with taxifolin and L. carnosum showed the highest free radical scavenging activity on the first day of the study ((77.4±1.3) %) (p<0.05 in all samples). Mixtures containing taxifolin and starter cultures bound free radicals better than taxifolin alone. The colour parameters (L*, a* and b*) of preparations and final products were significantly influenced by taxifolin and starter cultures and storage time (p<0.05 in all samples).
IHC Fluorescent Frozen Sections v1
Authors: Smith Elizabeth
Published: November 2019

Immunohistochemistry protocol used for staining with fluorescent secondary antibodies to highlight specific tissue structures.
Identification of different EEC types and nerve fiber types in human gastric mucosa v1
Authors: Di Natale Madeleine , Fakhry Josiane , Stebbing Martin , Hunne Billie , B. Furness John
Published: November 2019

Enteroendocrine cells are important regulators of gastrointestinal, digestive and metabolic function. Here we describe protocols for investigating nerve fiber populations that may innervate these cells, using immunohistochemistry and high resolution microscopy techniques in the human gastric mucosa and muscle.